diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/translation.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/translation.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 780ebc722..000000000 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/translation.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -name: Translation Issue Report -description: File a translation issue report -title: "[Typo]: " -labels: ["translation"] -body: - - type: markdown - attributes: - value: | - Thanks for taking the time to fill out this translation issue report! - - type: input - id: version - attributes: - label: Python Version - description: Which version of the Python documentation covers this issue? - placeholder: ex. 3.12 - validations: - required: true - - type: input - id: url - attributes: - label: Docs Page - description: What is the url of the page containing the issue? - placeholder: https://docs.python.org/3/about.html - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: zh-original - attributes: - label: Original Translation - description: Which translated paragraph in Chinese contains the issue? - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: en-original - attributes: - label: Original Docs Paragraph - description: Which original paragraph in English contains the issue? - validations: - required: false - - type: textarea - id: zh-suggested - attributes: - label: Suggested Fix - description: What is your suggested fix? - validations: - required: true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.github/scripts/build.sh b/.github/scripts/build.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 46c229e10..000000000 --- a/.github/scripts/build.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash - -set -e -set -u -set -o pipefail - -error() { - while read -r line; do - echo - echo ::error::"$line" - done -} - -cd cpython/Doc || exit 1 -mkdir -p locales/"$LOCALE"/ -ln -sfn "$(realpath ../../docs)" locales/"$LOCALE"/LC_MESSAGES -pip3 install -q -r requirements.txt -sphinx-build -b dummy -d build/doctrees -j auto -D language=$LOCALE -D gettext_compact=0 -E --keep-going -W . build/html 2> >(error) diff --git a/.github/scripts/commit.sh b/.github/scripts/commit.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 878c0d57e..000000000 --- a/.github/scripts/commit.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash - -set -ex - -cd docs || exit 1 -git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com" -git config user.name "github-actions[bot]" -if ! git status -s|grep '\.po'; then - echo "Nothing to commit" - exit 0 -fi -git add . -git commit -m '[po] auto sync' -git push diff --git a/.github/scripts/generate_tx_config.py b/.github/scripts/generate_tx_config.py deleted file mode 100755 index ebcc3b2dd..000000000 --- a/.github/scripts/generate_tx_config.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,87 +0,0 @@ -"""Please note that this script requires a Transifex API token to run.""" -import glob -import subprocess -from functools import partial -from pathlib import Path -import re -import os - -run = partial(subprocess.run, check=True) - - -def init_project(): - run(["tx", "init"]) - - -def add_files(project_name: str): - run( - [ - "tx", - "add", - "remote", - "--file-filter", - "trans//.", - f"https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/{project_name}/dashboard/", - ] - ) - - -FILTER_PATTERN = re.compile( - r"^(?Pfile_filter( *)=( *))(?P.+)$", re.MULTILINE -) - - -def name_replacer(match: re.Match[str]): - prefix, resource = match.group("prefix", "resource") - override_prefix = prefix.replace("file_filter", "trans.zh_CN") - pattern = ( - resource.replace("trans//", "") - .replace("glossary_", "glossary") - .replace("--", "/") - .replace("_", "?") - ) - matches = list(glob.glob(pattern.replace(".po", ".rst"))) - if not matches: - print("missing", pattern) - return f"{prefix}{resource}\n{override_prefix}{pattern.replace('?', '_')}" - elif len(matches) == 1: - filename = matches[0].replace(".rst", ".po").replace("\\", "/") - else: - raise ValueError("multi match", resource, pattern, matches) - return f"{prefix}{resource}\n{override_prefix}{filename}" - - -def patch_config(path: str): - tx_config_path = Path(".tx", "config") - - config_content = tx_config_path.read_text("utf-8") - - cwd = os.getcwd() - os.chdir(path) - config_content = FILTER_PATTERN.sub(name_replacer, config_content) - config_content = re.sub(r'replace_edited_strings.*\n','', config_content) - config_content = re.sub(r'keep_translations.*\n','', config_content) - config_content = re.sub(r'0\ntrans\.zh_CN.*\n','0\n', config_content) - config_content = config_content.replace(' =','=') - os.chdir(cwd) - - tx_config_path.write_text(config_content, "utf-8") - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - from argparse import ArgumentParser - - parser = ArgumentParser() - - parser.add_argument("--token", default="") - parser.add_argument("--project-name", required=True) - parser.add_argument("--doc-path", required=True) - - params = parser.parse_args() - - if params.token: - os.environ["TX_TOKEN"] = params.token - - init_project() - add_files(params.project_name) - patch_config(params.doc_path) diff --git a/.github/scripts/prepare.sh b/.github/scripts/prepare.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 1ca5daab0..000000000 --- a/.github/scripts/prepare.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash - -set -ex - -curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/transifex/cli/master/install.sh | bash \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.github/scripts/tx_stat.py b/.github/scripts/tx_stat.py deleted file mode 100644 index 00dcf965c..000000000 --- a/.github/scripts/tx_stat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -import json -import os -import urllib.request -from datetime import datetime - -key = os.environ.get('TX_TOKEN') -project = os.environ.get('TX_PROJECT') - -url = "https://rest.api.transifex.com/resource_language_stats?filter[project]=o%3Apython-doc%3Ap%3A{}&filter[language]=l%3Azh_CN".format(project) - -headers = { - "accept": "application/vnd.api+json", - "authorization": "Bearer " + key -} - -total = 0 -translated = 0 - -while(url): - request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers) - - with urllib.request.urlopen(request) as response: - data = json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")) - url = data['links'].get('next') - for resourse in data['data']: - translated = translated + resourse['attributes']['translated_strings'] - total = total + resourse['attributes']['total_strings'] - -p = '{:.2%}'.format(translated/total) -print(json.dumps({ - 'translation':p, - 'updated_at':datetime.utcnow().isoformat(timespec='seconds') + 'Z', - })) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.github/scripts/update.sh b/.github/scripts/update.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 0f2231d9f..000000000 --- a/.github/scripts/update.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/bash - -set -u - -cd cpython || exit 1 - -# Restore git timestamp for enabling build cache -rev=HEAD -for f in $(git ls-tree -r -t --full-name --name-only "$rev" Doc) ; do - touch -d $(git log --pretty=format:%cI -1 "$rev" -- "$f") "$f"; -done - -cd .. -cd docs || exit 1 - -# Restore git timestamp for enabling build cache -rev=HEAD -for f in $(git ls-tree -r -t --full-name --name-only "$rev") ; do - touch -d $(git log --pretty=format:%cI -1 "$rev" -- "$f") "$f"; -done - -$(realpath ../tx) pull --languages "$LOCALE" -t --use-git-timestamps --workers 25 --silent diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-310.yml b/.github/workflows/python-310.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 35a148f47..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/python-310.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -name: python-310 - -on: - workflow_dispatch: - push: - branches: - - master - schedule: - - cron: "22 * * * *" - -jobs: - sync: - uses: ./.github/workflows/sync.yml - with: - version: "3.10" - tx_project: "python-310" - secrets: inherit - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-311.yml b/.github/workflows/python-311.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 4fa85bb77..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/python-311.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -name: python-311 - -on: - workflow_dispatch: - push: - branches: - - master - schedule: - - cron: "32 * * * *" - -jobs: - sync: - uses: ./.github/workflows/sync.yml - with: - version: "3.11" - tx_project: "python-311" - secrets: inherit - diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-312.yml b/.github/workflows/python-312.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 75cc1d35e..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/python-312.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -name: python-312 - -on: - workflow_dispatch: - push: - branches: - - master - schedule: - - cron: "42 * * * *" - -jobs: - sync: - uses: ./.github/workflows/sync.yml - with: - version: "3.12" - tx_project: "python-312" - secrets: inherit diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-313.yml b/.github/workflows/python-313.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 657d53443..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/python-313.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -name: python-313 - -on: - workflow_dispatch: - push: - branches: - - master - schedule: - - cron: "52 * * * *" - -jobs: - sync: - uses: ./.github/workflows/sync.yml - with: - version: "3.13" - tx_project: "python-newest" - secrets: inherit diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-37.yml b/.github/workflows/python-37.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 47c224c3b..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/python-37.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -name: python-37 - -on: workflow_dispatch - -jobs: - sync: - uses: ./.github/workflows/sync.yml - with: - version: "3.7" - secrets: inherit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-38.yml b/.github/workflows/python-38.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 9d0bc6daf..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/python-38.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -name: python-38 - -on: workflow_dispatch - -jobs: - sync: - uses: ./.github/workflows/sync.yml - with: - version: "3.8" - tx_project: "python-38" - secrets: inherit \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-39.yml b/.github/workflows/python-39.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 39305f585..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/python-39.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -name: python-39 - -on: - workflow_dispatch: - push: - branches: - - master - schedule: - - cron: "12 * * * *" - -jobs: - sync: - uses: ./.github/workflows/sync.yml - with: - version: "3.9" - tx_project: "python-39" - secrets: inherit - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync.yml b/.github/workflows/sync.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 0788a37c0..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/sync.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -name: Reusable workflow example - -on: - workflow_call: - inputs: - version: - required: true - type: string - tx_project: - required: true - type: string - secrets: - TRANSIFEX_APIKEY: - required: true - -jobs: - sync: - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - env: - LOCALE: zh_CN - VERSION: ${{ inputs.version }} - steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - name: Checkout CPython - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - with: - repository: 'python/cpython' - ref: ${{env.VERSION}} - path: cpython - - uses: actions/cache/restore@v4 - with: - path: | - cpython/Doc/build - docs - key: cache-${{ inputs.version }}-${{ github.run_id }} - restore-keys: cache-${{ inputs.version }}- - - name: Checkout Current Branch - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - with: - ref: ${{env.VERSION}} - path: docs - clean: false - - name: prepare - run: .github/scripts/prepare.sh - - name: update - run: .github/scripts/update.sh - env: - TX_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TRANSIFEX_APIKEY }} - - uses: actions/cache/restore@v4 - with: - path: cpython/Doc/build - key: cache-${{ inputs.version }}-${{ github.run_id }} - restore-keys: cache-${{ inputs.version }}- - - name: build - run: .github/scripts/build.sh - - uses: actions/cache/save@v4 - with: - path: | - cpython/Doc/build - docs - key: cache-${{ inputs.version }}-${{ github.run_id }} - - name: stat - run: python .github/scripts/tx_stat.py > ./docs/.stat.json - env: - TX_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TRANSIFEX_APIKEY }} - TX_PROJECT: ${{ inputs.tx_project }} - - name: commit - run: .github/scripts/commit.sh \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd1f2c943 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +*.mo diff --git a/.stat.json b/.stat.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0040df094 --- /dev/null +++ b/.stat.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{"translation": "81.70%", "updated_at": "2025-04-28T14:57:27Z"} diff --git a/.tx/config b/.tx/config new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33cc1c29e --- /dev/null +++ b/.tx/config @@ -0,0 +1,4332 @@ +[main] +host = https://app.transifex.com + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:about] +file_filter = trans//about.po +trans.zh_CN = about.po +source_file = trans/en/about.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = about + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:bugs] +file_filter = trans//bugs.po +trans.zh_CN = bugs.po +source_file = trans/en/bugs.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = bugs + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--abstract] +file_filter = trans//c-api--abstract.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/abstract.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--abstract.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--abstract + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--allocation] +file_filter = trans//c-api--allocation.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/allocation.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--allocation.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--allocation + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--apiabiversion] +file_filter = trans//c-api--apiabiversion.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/apiabiversion.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--apiabiversion.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--apiabiversion + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--arg] +file_filter = trans//c-api--arg.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/arg.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--arg.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--arg + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--bool] +file_filter = trans//c-api--bool.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/bool.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--bool.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--bool + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--buffer] +file_filter = trans//c-api--buffer.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/buffer.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--buffer.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--buffer + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--bytearray] +file_filter = trans//c-api--bytearray.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/bytearray.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--bytearray.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--bytearray + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--bytes] +file_filter = trans//c-api--bytes.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/bytes.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--bytes.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--bytes + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--call] +file_filter = trans//c-api--call.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/call.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--call.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--call + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--capsule] +file_filter = trans//c-api--capsule.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/capsule.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--capsule.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--capsule + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--cell] +file_filter = trans//c-api--cell.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/cell.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--cell.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--cell + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--code] +file_filter = trans//c-api--code.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/code.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--code.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--code + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--codec] +file_filter = trans//c-api--codec.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/codec.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--codec.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--codec + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--complex] +file_filter = trans//c-api--complex.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/complex.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--complex.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--complex + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--concrete] +file_filter = trans//c-api--concrete.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/concrete.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--concrete.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--concrete + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--contextvars] +file_filter = trans//c-api--contextvars.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/contextvars.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--contextvars.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--contextvars + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--conversion] +file_filter = trans//c-api--conversion.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/conversion.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--conversion.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--conversion + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--coro] +file_filter = trans//c-api--coro.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/coro.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--coro.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--coro + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--datetime] +file_filter = trans//c-api--datetime.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/datetime.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--datetime.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--datetime + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--descriptor] +file_filter = trans//c-api--descriptor.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/descriptor.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--descriptor.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--descriptor + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--dict] +file_filter = trans//c-api--dict.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/dict.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--dict.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--dict + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--exceptions] +file_filter = trans//c-api--exceptions.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/exceptions.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--exceptions.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--exceptions + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--file] +file_filter = trans//c-api--file.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/file.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--file.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--file + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--float] +file_filter = trans//c-api--float.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/float.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--float.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--float + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--frame] +file_filter = trans//c-api--frame.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/frame.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--frame.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--frame + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--function] +file_filter = trans//c-api--function.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/function.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--function.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--function + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--gcsupport] +file_filter = trans//c-api--gcsupport.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/gcsupport.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--gcsupport.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--gcsupport + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--gen] +file_filter = trans//c-api--gen.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/gen.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--gen.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--gen + +[o:python-doc:p:python-newest:r:c-api--hash] +file_filter = trans//c-api--hash.po +trans.zh_CN = c-api/hash.po +source_file = trans/en/c-api--hash.po +source_lang = en +type = PO +minimum_perc = 0 +resource_name = c-api--hash + 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Python Documentation -============================================= - -All translations are done on transifex. -https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/public/ - -Maintained versions: - -.. list-table:: - :header-rows: 1 - - * - Version - - Sync status - - Translation progress - * - `3.13 `_ - - .. image:: https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-cn/workflows/python-313/badge.svg - :target: https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-cn/actions?workflow=python-313 - - .. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json?url=https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fpython%2Fpython-docs-zh-cn%2F3.13%2F.stat.json&query=%24.translation&label=zh-CN - :target: https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/python-newest/ - * - `3.12 `_ - - .. image:: https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-cn/workflows/python-312/badge.svg - :target: https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-cn/actions?workflow=python-312 - - .. image:: 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https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json?url=https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fpython%2Fpython-docs-zh-cn%2F3.8%2F.stat.json&query=%24.translation&label=zh-CN - :target: https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/python-38/ - * - `3.7 `_ - - .. image:: https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-cn/workflows/python-37/badge.svg - :target: https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-cn/actions?workflow=python-37 - - .. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json?url=https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fpython%2Fpython-docs-zh-cn%2F3.7%2F.stat.json&query=%24.translation&label=zh-CN - :target: https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/python-37/ - -Documentation Contribution Agreement ------------------------------------- - -NOTE REGARDING THE LICENSE FOR TRANSLATIONS: Python's documentation is -maintained using a global network of volunteers. By posting this -project on Transifex, GitHub, and other public places, and inviting -you to participate, we are proposing an agreement that you will -provide your improvements to Python's documentation or the translation -of Python's documentation for the PSF's use under the CC0 license -(available at -https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode). In -return, you may publicly claim credit for the portion of the -translation you contributed and if your translation is accepted by the -PSF, you may (but are not required to) submit a patch including an -appropriate annotation in the Misc/ACKS or TRANSLATORS file. Although -nothing in this Documentation Contribution Agreement obligates the PSF -to incorporate your textual contribution, your participation in the -Python community is welcomed and appreciated. - -You signify acceptance of this agreement by submitting your work to -the PSF for inclusion in the documentation. - -Contributing to the Translation -------------------------------- - -Join the Chinese (China) team on transifex to get start. - -You're recommended to read -`大陆简中自由软件本地化工作指南：Free Software Localization Guide for Chinese (China)`__ first. - -__ http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anthon/aosc-l10n/zh_CN_l10n.pdf diff --git a/TRANSLATORS b/TRANSLATORS deleted file mode 100644 index 8c653ac28..000000000 --- a/TRANSLATORS +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -# The latest translators list is in each po file. -# Following are the names that translators set at Transifex. -# Generated by: -# grep -ohP '(?<=^# )(.+)(?=, \d+$)' -r .|sed 's| <.*>||g' | sort -u - -3vilive D -443 -ailin zhang -allenjuly7 -Aloxaf -ausaki -banxi -cdarlint -chen_chao -Chengeng Ning -ChenYuan -chordy -cissoid -CommonZ -c pan -Danny Vi -dgy18787 -dhcn -dykai -emrich -eric R -Fei Yin -focusheart -Fred -Freesand Leo -gashero liu -hanfeng -Hanxi Fu -Harry Z -Henry Zhu -isaced -isombyt -Jack Wu -Jann Li -Jarry Shaw -Jerry Chen -Josh Ouyang -jsgang -Junkai Shao -Kaizhao Zhang -Kder -keelii -kevin wong -Larry wang -Larry Wang -Madlee -Meng Du -Menghua Xiao -Ming Jia -musan cheng -MuSheng Chen -Nasy -Natasha Li -Pandaaaa906 -Pan Felix -Pikachu -QR Wang -RSNOW -ryohei -Saiyang Gou -sgqy -Shengjing Zhu -shiyu Peng -Siyuan Xu -SKY H. -SonnyZhang -Steve Ni -sunsol s -Thomas ZHANG -tom smith -Tony Tong -Trim21 -TX Lee -walkinrain -Wang Saul -wenhui -wevsty -Woko -Woostundy -Wu Pipi -wwj402 -ww song -xiao xu -Yan Gao -Yinuo Huang -Yiyi Python -YIZHU LIN -yuan chen -yuxin wang -zc Jin -Zephyr Waitzman -Zhe He -Ziqi Wang -zkonge -Zombie110year -付裕如 -兴然 刘 -刘士 -叶浚安 -启迪 吴 -吴彬 -开 方 -张俊（fighting） -志正 韩 -操旭 -林行众 -梁启凡 -欢 王 -殷平乐 -汇民 王 -演奏王 -非法操作 -马强 diff --git a/about.po b/about.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a5d6019f --- /dev/null +++ b/about.po @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# provefar , 2021 +# Yuchen Ying , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# 安龙, 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-03 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: lian Wu (Wulian) , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../about.rst:3 +msgid "About this documentation" +msgstr "关于本文档" + +#: ../../about.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Python's documentation is generated from `reStructuredText`_ sources using " +"`Sphinx`_, a documentation generator originally created for Python and now " +"maintained as an independent project." +msgstr "" +"Python 的文档是用 `Sphinx`_ 从 `reStructuredText`_ 源生成的，`Sphinx` 是一个专为处理 Python " +"文档而编写的文档生成器。" + +#: ../../about.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Development of the documentation and its toolchain is an entirely volunteer " +"effort, just like Python itself. If you want to contribute, please take a " +"look at the :ref:`reporting-bugs` page for information on how to do so. New" +" volunteers are always welcome!" +msgstr "" +"本文档及其工具链之开发，皆在于志愿者之努力，亦恰如 Python 本身。如果您想为此作出贡献，请阅读 :ref:`reporting-bugs` " +"了解如何参与。我们随时欢迎新的志愿者！" + +#: ../../about.rst:21 +msgid "Many thanks go to:" +msgstr "特别鸣谢：" + +#: ../../about.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Fred L. Drake, Jr., the creator of the original Python documentation toolset" +" and author of much of the content;" +msgstr "Fred L. Drake, Jr.，原始 Python 文档工具集之创造者，众多文档之作者；" + +#: ../../about.rst:25 +msgid "" +"the `Docutils `_ project for creating " +"reStructuredText and the Docutils suite;" +msgstr "" +"用于创建 reStructuredText 和 Docutils 套件的 `Docutils " +"`_ 项目；" + +#: ../../about.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Fredrik Lundh for his Alternative Python Reference project from which Sphinx" +" got many good ideas." +msgstr "Fredrik Lundh 的 Alternative Python Reference 项目，为 Sphinx 提供许多好的点子。" + +#: ../../about.rst:32 +msgid "Contributors to the Python documentation" +msgstr "Python 文档的贡献者" + +#: ../../about.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Many people have contributed to the Python language, the Python standard " +"library, and the Python documentation. See :source:`Misc/ACKS` in the " +"Python source distribution for a partial list of contributors." +msgstr "" +"有很多对 Python 语言，Python 标准库和 Python 文档有贡献的人，随 Python 源代码分发的 " +":source:`Misc/ACKS` 文件列出了部分贡献者。" + +#: ../../about.rst:38 +msgid "" +"It is only with the input and contributions of the Python community that " +"Python has such wonderful documentation -- Thank You!" +msgstr "有了 Python 社区的输入和贡献，Python 才有了如此出色的文档——谢谢你们！" diff --git a/bugs.po b/bugs.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf76c8f98 --- /dev/null +++ b/bugs.po @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# provefar , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:5 +msgid "Dealing with Bugs" +msgstr "处理错误" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Python is a mature programming language which has established a reputation " +"for stability. In order to maintain this reputation, the developers would " +"like to know of any deficiencies you find in Python." +msgstr "Python 是一门成熟的编程语言，以稳定著称。为维持其美誉，开发者希望获悉所有您在 Python 中发现的缺陷。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:11 +msgid "" +"It can be sometimes faster to fix bugs yourself and contribute patches to " +"Python as it streamlines the process and involves less people. Learn how to " +":ref:`contribute `." +msgstr "" +"有时候自己修复漏洞并将补丁提交给 Python 能更快地解决问题，因为它简化了处理过程并且减少了参与的人力。 请参阅如何 :ref:`提交补丁 " +"`。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:16 +msgid "Documentation bugs" +msgstr "文档错误" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:18 +msgid "" +"If you find a bug in this documentation or would like to propose an " +"improvement, please submit a bug report on the :ref:`tracker `. If you have a suggestion on how to fix it, include that as well." +msgstr "" +"如果你在这篇文档中找到了一个错误或是想指出一个可改进的地方，请在 :ref:`tracker ` " +"上提交一个错误报告。 如果你有关于改进该问题的建议，请与报告一并提交。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:22 +msgid "" +"You can also open a discussion item on our `Documentation Discourse forum " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"你还可以在我们的 `文档编撰论坛 `_ " +"上开启一个讨论条目。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:25 +msgid "" +"If you find a bug in the theme (HTML / CSS / JavaScript) of the " +"documentation, please submit a bug report on the `python-doc-theme bug " +"tracker `_." +msgstr "" +"如果发现了文档主题 (HTML / CSS / JavaScript) 中的代码错误，请在 `python-doc-theme bug tracker " +"`_ 上提交错误报告。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:29 +msgid "" +"If you're short on time, you can also email documentation bug reports to " +"docs@python.org (behavioral bugs can be sent to python-list@python.org). " +"'docs@' is a mailing list run by volunteers; your request will be noticed, " +"though it may take a while to be processed." +msgstr "" +"如果您时间有限，还可以通过电子邮件将文档的错误报告发送至 docs@python.org（代码运行错误请发送至 python-" +"list@python.org）。“docs@”是一个由志愿者运作的邮件列表；您的请求会得到关注，但可能需要一些时间才会被处理。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:36 +msgid "`Documentation bugs`_" +msgstr "`文档错误`_" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:37 +msgid "" +"A list of documentation bugs that have been submitted to the Python issue " +"tracker." +msgstr "已提交给 Python 问题追踪系统的文档错误列表。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:39 +msgid "`Issue Tracking `_" +msgstr "`问题跟踪 `_" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Overview of the process involved in reporting an improvement on the tracker." +msgstr "在追踪系统上参与问题改进的过程概述。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:42 +msgid "" +"`Helping with Documentation " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`改进文档 `_" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Comprehensive guide for individuals that are interested in contributing to " +"Python documentation." +msgstr "给有兴趣为 Python 文档做出贡献的人。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:45 +msgid "" +"`Documentation Translations " +"`_" +msgstr "`文档翻译 `_" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:46 +msgid "" +"A list of GitHub pages for documentation translation and their primary " +"contacts." +msgstr "文档翻译的 GitHub 页面及其主要联系人的列表" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:52 +msgid "Using the Python issue tracker" +msgstr "使用 Python 的问题追踪系统" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Issue reports for Python itself should be submitted via the GitHub issues " +"tracker (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues). The GitHub issues " +"tracker offers a web form which allows pertinent information to be entered " +"and submitted to the developers." +msgstr "" +"针对 Python 本身的问题报告应当通过 GitHub 问题追踪系统 " +"(https://github.com/python/cpython/issues) 来提交。 GitHub " +"问题追踪系统提供了一个网页表单用来输入并提交相关信息给开发者。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:59 +msgid "" +"The first step in filing a report is to determine whether the problem has " +"already been reported. The advantage in doing so, aside from saving the " +"developers' time, is that you learn what has been done to fix it; it may be " +"that the problem has already been fixed for the next release, or additional " +"information is needed (in which case you are welcome to provide it if you " +"can!). To do this, search the tracker using the search box at the top of the" +" page." +msgstr "" +"第一步是确定问题是否已经被报告了。 " +"这样做的好处除了可以节省开发者的时间，还可以让你了解该问题是如何解决的；有可能该问题已在下一发布版中被修复，或者还需要额外的信息（在此情况下非常欢迎你来提供信息！）。" +" 要确定这一点，请使用页面顶部的搜索框来搜索问题追踪系统。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:66 +msgid "" +"If the problem you're reporting is not already in the list, log in to " +"GitHub. If you don't already have a GitHub account, create a new account " +"using the \"Sign up\" link. It is not possible to submit a bug report " +"anonymously." +msgstr "" +"如果你要报告的问题未出现在列表中，请登录 GitHub 报告。 如果你还没有 GitHub 账号，请使用 \"Sign up\" 链接新建一个账号。 " +"错误报告是不可能自动被提交的。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Being now logged in, you can submit an issue. Click on the \"New issue\" " +"button in the top bar to report a new issue." +msgstr "当你登录之后，就可以提交问题了。 请点击顶端栏的 \"New issue\" 按钮来报告新问题。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:74 +msgid "The submission form has two fields, \"Title\" and \"Comment\"." +msgstr "提交表单有两个字段，\"Title\" 和 \"Comment\"。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:76 +msgid "" +"For the \"Title\" field, enter a *very* short description of the problem; " +"fewer than ten words is good." +msgstr "对于 \"Title\" 字段，请输入对问题的 *非常* 简短的描述；最好是少于十个单词。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:79 +msgid "" +"In the \"Comment\" field, describe the problem in detail, including what you" +" expected to happen and what did happen. Be sure to include whether any " +"extension modules were involved, and what hardware and software platform you" +" were using (including version information as appropriate)." +msgstr "" +"在“说明（Comment）”栏，请详细描述问题，包括您预期的情况和实际的情况。请确保包含任何涉及的拓展模块，以及您当时所使用的硬件和软件平台（如果可能，请附上版本信息）。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Each issue report will be reviewed by a developer who will determine what " +"needs to be done to correct the problem. You will receive an update each " +"time an action is taken on the issue." +msgstr "每个问题报告将由一位开发者进行审查并决定要以何种方式来修正该问题。 每当对该问题有新的处理措施时你都会收到更新的消息。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:91 +msgid "" +"`How to Report Bugs Effectively " +"`_" +msgstr "`如何有效地报告错误 `_" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Article which goes into some detail about how to create a useful bug report." +" This describes what kind of information is useful and why it is useful." +msgstr "该文章详细介绍了如何创建一份有用的错误报告。它描述了什么样的信息是有用的，以及为什么是有用的。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:95 +msgid "" +"`Bug Writing Guidelines `_" +msgstr "" +"`Bug Writing Guidelines `_" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Information about writing a good bug report. Some of this is specific to " +"the Mozilla project, but describes general good practices." +msgstr "关于写一份好的错误报告。部分仅针对 Mozilla 项目，不过其描述了通用的恰当做法。" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:102 +msgid "Getting started contributing to Python yourself" +msgstr "开始为 Python 贡献您的知识" + +#: ../../bugs.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Beyond just reporting bugs that you find, you are also welcome to submit " +"patches to fix them. You can find more information on how to get started " +"patching Python in the `Python Developer's Guide`_. If you have questions, " +"the `core-mentorship mailing list`_ is a friendly place to get answers to " +"any and all questions pertaining to the process of fixing issues in Python." +msgstr "" +"除了仅仅报告您所发现的错误之外，同样欢迎您提交修复它们的补丁。您可以在 `Python 开发者指引`_ 中找到更多为 Python " +"打补丁的信息。如果您有任何问题，`核心导师邮件列表`_ 是一个友好的去处，在那里， 你可以寻求修复 Python 相关问题的答案。" diff --git a/c-api/abstract.po b/c-api/abstract.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..defc1a496 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/abstract.po @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# wwj402 , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: ProgramRipper, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/abstract.rst:7 +msgid "Abstract Objects Layer" +msgstr "抽象对象层" + +#: ../../c-api/abstract.rst:9 +msgid "" +"The functions in this chapter interact with Python objects regardless of " +"their type, or with wide classes of object types (e.g. all numerical types, " +"or all sequence types). When used on object types for which they do not " +"apply, they will raise a Python exception." +msgstr "" +"本章中的函数与 Python对象交互，无论其类型，或具有广泛类的对象类型（例如，所有数值类型，或所有序列类型）。当使用对象类型并不适用时，他们会产生一个" +" Python 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/abstract.rst:14 +msgid "" +"It is not possible to use these functions on objects that are not properly " +"initialized, such as a list object that has been created by " +":c:func:`PyList_New`, but whose items have not been set to some non-\\ " +"``NULL`` value yet." +msgstr "" +"这些函数是不可能用于未正确初始化的对象的，如一个列表对象被 :c:func:`PyList_New` 创建，但其中的项目没有被设置为一些非 " +"``NULL`` 的值。" diff --git a/c-api/allocation.po b/c-api/allocation.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bcc46daf --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/allocation.po @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 强 陈 , 2021 +# Sonny <758896823@qq.com>, 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-08 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:6 +msgid "Allocating Objects on the Heap" +msgstr "在堆上分配对象" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Initialize a newly allocated object *op* with its type and initial " +"reference. Returns the initialized object. Other fields of the object are " +"not affected." +msgstr "为新分配的对象 *op* 初始化它的类型和初始引用。 返回初始化后的对象。 对象的其他字段不会被影响。" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This does everything :c:func:`PyObject_Init` does, and also initializes the " +"length information for a variable-size object." +msgstr "它的功能和 :c:func:`PyObject_Init` 一样，并且会初始化变量大小对象的长度信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type *TYPE* and the " +"Python type object *typeobj* (``PyTypeObject*``). Fields not defined by the " +"Python object header are not initialized. The caller will own the only " +"reference to the object (i.e. its reference count will be one). The size of " +"the memory allocation is determined from the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` field of the type object." +msgstr "" +"使用 C 结构类型 *TYPE* 和 Python 类型对象 *typeobj* (``PyTypeObject*``) 分配一个新的 Python " +"对象。 f未在该 Python 对象标头中定义的字段不会被初始化。 调用方将拥有对该对象的唯一引用（即引用计数将为 1）。 内存分配的大小由类型对象的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` 字段决定。" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type *TYPE* and the " +"Python type object *typeobj* (``PyTypeObject*``). Fields not defined by the " +"Python object header are not initialized. The allocated memory allows for " +"the *TYPE* structure plus *size* (``Py_ssize_t``) fields of the size given " +"by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` field of *typeobj*. This is " +"useful for implementing objects like tuples, which are able to determine " +"their size at construction time. Embedding the array of fields into the " +"same allocation decreases the number of allocations, improving the memory " +"management efficiency." +msgstr "" +"使用 C 结构类型 *TYPE* 和 Python 类型对象 *typeobj* (``PyTypeObject*``) 分配一个新的 Python " +"对象。 未在该 Python 对象标头中定义的字段不会被初始化。 被分配的内存允许 *TYPE* 结构加 *typeobj* 的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` 字段所给出的 *size* (``Py_ssize_t``) 个字段。 " +"这对于实现像元组这样能够在构造时确定其大小的对象来说很有用。 将字段数组嵌入到相同的内在分配中可减少内存分配的次数，这提高了内存管理效率。" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Releases memory allocated to an object using :c:macro:`PyObject_New` or " +":c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`. This is normally called from the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler specified in the object's type." +" The fields of the object should not be accessed after this call as the " +"memory is no longer a valid Python object." +msgstr "" +"释放使用 :c:macro:`PyObject_New` 或 :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` 分配给一个对象的内存。 " +"这通常由在对象的类型中指定的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 处理器来调用。 " +"在此调用之后该对象中的字段不应再被访问因为原来的内存已不再是一个有效的 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Object which is visible in Python as ``None``. This should only be accessed" +" using the :c:macro:`Py_None` macro, which evaluates to a pointer to this " +"object." +msgstr "" +"这个对象是像 ``None`` 一样的 Python 对象。它可以使用 :c:macro:`Py_None` 宏访问，该宏的拿到指向该对象的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:71 +msgid ":c:func:`PyModule_Create`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyModule_Create`" + +#: ../../c-api/allocation.rst:72 +msgid "To allocate and create extension modules." +msgstr "分配内存和创建扩展模块" diff --git a/c-api/apiabiversion.po b/c-api/apiabiversion.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fed54ae12 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/apiabiversion.po @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 稀饭~~ , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# my c <70075349@qq.com>, 2021 +# Justin Chu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:7 +msgid "API and ABI Versioning" +msgstr "API 和 ABI 版本管理" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:9 +msgid "" +"CPython exposes its version number in the following macros. Note that these " +"correspond to the version code is **built** with, not necessarily the " +"version used at **run time**." +msgstr "CPython 在下列宏中暴露其版本号。 请注意这对应于 **编译** 用版本代码，而不是 **运行时** 使用的版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:13 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`stable` for a discussion of API and ABI stability across versions." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`stable` 查看跨版本的 API 和 ABI 稳定情。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:17 +msgid "The ``3`` in ``3.4.1a2``." +msgstr "``3`` (``3.4.1a2`` 中的第一段)。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:21 +msgid "The ``4`` in ``3.4.1a2``." +msgstr "``4`` (``3.4.1a2`` 中的第二段)。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:25 +msgid "The ``1`` in ``3.4.1a2``." +msgstr "``1`` (``3.4.1a2`` 中第三段的数字)。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The ``a`` in ``3.4.1a2``. This can be ``0xA`` for alpha, ``0xB`` for beta, " +"``0xC`` for release candidate or ``0xF`` for final." +msgstr "" +"``a`` (``3.4.1a2`` 中第3段的字母)。 可能为 ``0xA`` 即 alpha, ``0xB`` 即 beta, ``0xC`` 即 " +"release candidate 或 ``0xF`` 即 final。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:35 +msgid "The ``2`` in ``3.4.1a2``. Zero for final releases." +msgstr "``2`` (``3.4.1a2`` 中的末尾数字)。 零代表最终发布版。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:39 +msgid "The Python version number encoded in a single integer." +msgstr "编码为单个整数形式的 Python 版本号。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:41 +msgid "" +"The underlying version information can be found by treating it as a 32 bit " +"number in the following manner:" +msgstr "底层的版本信息可通过按以下方式将其当作 32 比特的数字处理来获取:" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:45 +msgid "Bytes" +msgstr "字节串" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:45 +msgid "Bits (big endian order)" +msgstr "位数（大端字节序）" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:45 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:45 +msgid "Value for ``3.4.1a2``" +msgstr "``3.4.1a2`` 的值" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:47 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:47 +msgid "1-8" +msgstr "1-8" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:47 +msgid "``PY_MAJOR_VERSION``" +msgstr "``PY_MAJOR_VERSION``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:47 +msgid "``0x03``" +msgstr "``0x03``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:49 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:49 +msgid "9-16" +msgstr "9-16" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:49 +msgid "``PY_MINOR_VERSION``" +msgstr "``PY_MINOR_VERSION``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:49 +msgid "``0x04``" +msgstr "``0x04``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:51 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:51 +msgid "17-24" +msgstr "17-24" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:51 +msgid "``PY_MICRO_VERSION``" +msgstr "``PY_MICRO_VERSION``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:51 +msgid "``0x01``" +msgstr "``0x01``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:53 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:53 +msgid "25-28" +msgstr "25-28" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:53 +msgid "``PY_RELEASE_LEVEL``" +msgstr "``PY_RELEASE_LEVEL``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:53 +msgid "``0xA``" +msgstr "``0xA``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:55 +msgid "29-32" +msgstr "29-32" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:55 +msgid "``PY_RELEASE_SERIAL``" +msgstr "``PY_RELEASE_SERIAL``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:55 +msgid "``0x2``" +msgstr "``0x2``" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Thus ``3.4.1a2`` is hexversion ``0x030401a2`` and ``3.10.0`` is hexversion " +"``0x030a00f0``." +msgstr "" +"这样 ``3.4.1a2`` 即十六进制版本号的 ``0x030401a2`` 而 ``3.10.0`` 即十六进制版本号的 " +"``0x030a00f0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:61 +msgid "Use this for numeric comparisons, e.g. ``#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= ...``." +msgstr "用于进行数值比较，例如 ``#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= ...``。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:63 +msgid "This version is also available via the symbol :c:var:`Py_Version`." +msgstr "该版本还可通过符号 :c:var:`Py_Version` 获取。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:67 +msgid "" +"The Python runtime version number encoded in a single constant integer, with" +" the same format as the :c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX` macro. This contains the " +"Python version used at run time." +msgstr "" +"Python 运行时版本号编码在一个整数常量中，所用格式与 :c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX` 宏的相同。 这包含了在运行时使用的 " +"Python 版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/apiabiversion.rst:73 +msgid "All the given macros are defined in :source:`Include/patchlevel.h`." +msgstr "所有提到的宏都定义在 :source:`Include/patchlevel.h`。" diff --git a/c-api/arg.po b/c-api/arg.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77fb2f06b --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/arg.po @@ -0,0 +1,1389 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# dhcn, 2021 +# 操旭 , 2021 +# cdarlint , 2021 +# QR Wang , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Jing Li , 2021 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# taotieren , 2023 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# lqks, 2024 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:6 +msgid "Parsing arguments and building values" +msgstr "解析参数并构建值变量" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:8 +msgid "" +"These functions are useful when creating your own extension functions and " +"methods. Additional information and examples are available in " +":ref:`extending-index`." +msgstr "这些函数在创建你自己的扩展函数和方法时很有用处。 更多信息和示例可在 :ref:`extending-index` 查看。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The first three of these functions described, :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`, and :c:func:`PyArg_Parse`, all use " +"*format strings* which are used to tell the function about the expected " +"arguments. The format strings use the same syntax for each of these " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"这些函数描述的前三个，:c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`，:c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`，以及" +" :c:func:`PyArg_Parse`，它们都使用 *格式化字符串* 来将函数期待的参数告知函数。这些函数都使用相同语法规则的格式化字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:19 +msgid "Parsing arguments" +msgstr "解析参数" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:21 +msgid "" +"A format string consists of zero or more \"format units.\" A format unit " +"describes one Python object; it is usually a single character or a " +"parenthesized sequence of format units. With a few exceptions, a format " +"unit that is not a parenthesized sequence normally corresponds to a single " +"address argument to these functions. In the following description, the " +"quoted form is the format unit; the entry in (round) parentheses is the " +"Python object type that matches the format unit; and the entry in [square] " +"brackets is the type of the C variable(s) whose address should be passed." +msgstr "" +"一个格式化字符串包含 0 或者更多的格式单元。一个格式单元用来描述一个 Python " +"对象；它通常是一个字符或者由括号括起来的格式单元序列。除了少数例外，一个非括号序列的格式单元通常对应这些函数的具有单一地址的参数。在接下来的描述中，双引号内的表达式是格式单元；圆括号" +" () 内的是对应这个格式单元的 Python 对象类型；方括号 [] 内的是传递的 C 变量(变量集)类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:33 +msgid "Strings and buffers" +msgstr "字符串和缓存区" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:37 +msgid "" +"On Python 3.12 and older, the macro :c:macro:`!PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN` must be " +"defined before including :file:`Python.h` to use all ``#`` variants of " +"formats (``s#``, ``y#``, etc.) explained below. This is not necessary on " +"Python 3.13 and later." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.12 和之前的版本中，宏 :c:macro:`!PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN` 必须在包括 :file:`Python.h` " +"之前定义以使用下文介绍的所有 ``#`` 类格式 (``s#``, ``y#`` 等)。 这在 Python 3.13 和之后的版本中已不再必要。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:42 +msgid "" +"These formats allow accessing an object as a contiguous chunk of memory. You" +" don't have to provide raw storage for the returned unicode or bytes area." +msgstr "这些格式允许将对象按照连续的内存块形式进行访问。你没必要提供返回的 unicode 字符或者字节区的原始数据存储。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:46 +msgid "Unless otherwise stated, buffers are not NUL-terminated." +msgstr "除非另有说明，缓冲区是不会以空终止的。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:48 +msgid "There are three ways strings and buffers can be converted to C:" +msgstr "有三种办法可以将字符串和缓冲区转换到 C 类型:" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Formats such as ``y*`` and ``s*`` fill a :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure. This" +" locks the underlying buffer so that the caller can subsequently use the " +"buffer even inside a :c:type:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` block without the risk" +" of mutable data being resized or destroyed. As a result, **you have to " +"call** :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` after you have finished processing the " +"data (or in any early abort case)." +msgstr "" +"像 ``y*`` 和 ``s*`` 这样的格式会填充一个 :c:type:`Py_buffer` 结构体。 " +"这将锁定下层缓冲区以便调用者随后使用这个缓冲区即使是在 :c:type:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` " +"块中也不会有可变数据因大小调整或销毁所带来的风险。 因此，在你结束处理数据（或任何更早的中止场景）之前 **你必须调用** " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:57 +msgid "" +"The ``es``, ``es#``, ``et`` and ``et#`` formats allocate the result buffer. " +"**You have to call** :c:func:`PyMem_Free` after you have finished processing" +" the data (or in any early abort case)." +msgstr "" +"``es``, ``es#``, ``et`` 和 ``et#`` 等格式会分配结果缓冲区。 在你结束处理数据（或任何更早的中止场景）之后 " +"**你必须调用** :c:func:`PyMem_Free`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Other formats take a :class:`str` or a read-only :term:`bytes-like object`, " +"such as :class:`bytes`, and provide a ``const char *`` pointer to its " +"buffer. In this case the buffer is \"borrowed\": it is managed by the " +"corresponding Python object, and shares the lifetime of this object. You " +"won't have to release any memory yourself." +msgstr "" +"其他格式接受一个 :class:`str` 或只读的 :term:`bytes-like object`，如 " +":class:`bytes`，并向其缓冲区提供一个 ``const char *`` 指针。 在缓冲区是“被借入”的情况下：它将由对应的 Python " +"对象来管理，并共享此对象的生命期。 你不需要自行释放任何内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:70 +msgid "" +"To ensure that the underlying buffer may be safely borrowed, the object's " +":c:member:`PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` field must be ``NULL``. This " +"disallows common mutable objects such as :class:`bytearray`, but also some " +"read-only objects such as :class:`memoryview` of :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"为确保下层缓冲区可以安全地被借入，对象的 :c:member:`PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` 字段必须为 " +"``NULL``。 这将不允许普通的可变对象如 :class:`bytearray`，以及某些只读对象如 :class:`bytes` 的 " +":class:`memoryview`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Besides this ``bf_releasebuffer`` requirement, there is no check to verify " +"whether the input object is immutable (e.g. whether it would honor a request" +" for a writable buffer, or whether another thread can mutate the data)." +msgstr "" +"在这个 ``bf_releasebuffer`` " +"要求以外，没有用于验证输入对象是否为不可变对象的检查（例如它是否会接受可写缓冲区的请求，或者另一个线程是否能改变此数据）。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:80 +msgid "``s`` (:class:`str`) [const char \\*]" +msgstr "``s`` (:class:`str`) [const char \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Convert a Unicode object to a C pointer to a character string. A pointer to " +"an existing string is stored in the character pointer variable whose address" +" you pass. The C string is NUL-terminated. The Python string must not " +"contain embedded null code points; if it does, a :exc:`ValueError` exception" +" is raised. Unicode objects are converted to C strings using ``'utf-8'`` " +"encoding. If this conversion fails, a :exc:`UnicodeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"将一个 Unicode 对象转换成一个指向字符串的 C 指针。一个指针指向一个已经存在的字符串，这个字符串存储的是传如的字符指针变量。C " +"字符串是已空结束的。Python 字符串不能包含嵌入的无效的代码点；如果由，一个 :exc:`ValueError` 异常会被引发。Unicode " +"对象被转化成 ``'utf-8'`` 编码的 C 字符串。如果转换失败，一个 :exc:`UnicodeError` 异常被引发。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:90 +msgid "" +"This format does not accept :term:`bytes-like objects `." +" If you want to accept filesystem paths and convert them to C character " +"strings, it is preferable to use the ``O&`` format with " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` as *converter*." +msgstr "" +"这个表达式不接受 :term:`bytes-like objects `。如果你想接受文件系统路径并将它们转化成 " +"C 字符串，建议使用 ``O&`` 表达式配合 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` 作为 *转化函数*。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Previously, :exc:`TypeError` was raised when embedded null code points were " +"encountered in the Python string." +msgstr "以前，当 Python 字符串中遇到了嵌入的 null 代码点会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:100 +msgid "``s*`` (:class:`str` or :term:`bytes-like object`) [Py_buffer]" +msgstr "``s*`` (:class:`str` or :term:`bytes-like object`) [Py_buffer]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:101 +msgid "" +"This format accepts Unicode objects as well as bytes-like objects. It fills " +"a :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure provided by the caller. In this case the " +"resulting C string may contain embedded NUL bytes. Unicode objects are " +"converted to C strings using ``'utf-8'`` encoding." +msgstr "" +"这个表达式既接受 Unicode 对象也接受类字节类型对象。它为由调用者提供的 :c:type:`Py_buffer` 结构赋值。这里结果的 C " +"字符串可能包含嵌入的 NUL 字节。Unicode 对象通过 ``'utf-8'`` 编码转化成 C 字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:106 +msgid "" +"``s#`` (:class:`str`, read-only :term:`bytes-like object`) [const char \\*, " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "" +"``s#`` (:class:`str`, read-only :term:`bytes-like object`) [const char \\*, " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:107 +msgid "" +"Like ``s*``, except that it provides a :ref:`borrowed buffer `. The result is stored into two C variables, the first one " +"a pointer to a C string, the second one its length. The string may contain " +"embedded null bytes. Unicode objects are converted to C strings using " +"``'utf-8'`` encoding." +msgstr "" +"像是 ``s*``，区别在于它提供了一个 :ref:`借入的缓冲区 `。 结果存储在两个 C " +"变量中，第一个是指向 C 字符串的指针，第二个是其长度。 该字符串可能包含嵌入的空字节。 Unicode 对象会使用 ``'utf-8'`` " +"编码格式转换为 C 字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:113 ../../c-api/arg.rst:593 +msgid "``z`` (:class:`str` or ``None``) [const char \\*]" +msgstr "``z`` (:class:`str` or ``None``) [const char \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Like ``s``, but the Python object may also be ``None``, in which case the C " +"pointer is set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "与 ``s`` 类似，但 Python 对象也可能为 ``None``，在这种情况下，C 指针设置为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:117 +msgid "" +"``z*`` (:class:`str`, :term:`bytes-like object` or ``None``) [Py_buffer]" +msgstr "" +"``z*`` (:class:`str`, :term:`bytes-like object` or ``None``) [Py_buffer]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Like ``s*``, but the Python object may also be ``None``, in which case the " +"``buf`` member of the :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure is set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"与 ``s*`` 类似，但 Python 对象也可能为 ``None``，在这种情况下，:c:type:`Py_buffer` 结构的 ``buf`` " +"成员设置为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:121 +msgid "" +"``z#`` (:class:`str`, read-only :term:`bytes-like object` or ``None``) " +"[const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "" +"``z#`` (:class:`str`, read-only :term:`bytes-like object` 或者 ``None``) " +"[const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Like ``s#``, but the Python object may also be ``None``, in which case the C" +" pointer is set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "与 ``s#`` 类似，但 Python 对象也可能为 ``None``，在这种情况下，C 指针设置为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:125 +msgid "``y`` (read-only :term:`bytes-like object`) [const char \\*]" +msgstr "``y`` (read-only :term:`bytes-like object`) [const char \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:126 +msgid "" +"This format converts a bytes-like object to a C pointer to a :ref:`borrowed " +"` character string; it does not accept Unicode " +"objects. The bytes buffer must not contain embedded null bytes; if it does," +" a :exc:`ValueError` exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"这个格式会将一个类字节对象转换为一个指向 :ref:`借入的 ` 字符串的 C 指针；它不接受 " +"Unicode 对象。 字节缓冲区不可包含嵌入的空字节；如果包含这样的内容，将会引发 :exc:`ValueError` 异常。exception is" +" raised." + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Previously, :exc:`TypeError` was raised when embedded null bytes were " +"encountered in the bytes buffer." +msgstr "以前，当字节缓冲区中遇到了嵌入的 null 字节会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:136 +msgid "``y*`` (:term:`bytes-like object`) [Py_buffer]" +msgstr "``y*`` (:term:`bytes-like object`) [Py_buffer]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:137 +msgid "" +"This variant on ``s*`` doesn't accept Unicode objects, only bytes-like " +"objects. **This is the recommended way to accept binary data.**" +msgstr "``s*`` 的变式，不接受 Unicode 对象，只接受类字节类型变量。**这是接受二进制数据的推荐方法。**" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:141 +msgid "" +"``y#`` (read-only :term:`bytes-like object`) [const char \\*, " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "" +"``y#`` (read-only :term:`bytes-like object`) [const char \\*, " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:142 +msgid "" +"This variant on ``s#`` doesn't accept Unicode objects, only bytes-like " +"objects." +msgstr "``s#`` 的变式，不接受 Unicode 对象，只接受类字节类型变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:145 +msgid "``S`` (:class:`bytes`) [PyBytesObject \\*]" +msgstr "``S`` (:class:`bytes`) [PyBytesObject \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Requires that the Python object is a :class:`bytes` object, without " +"attempting any conversion. Raises :exc:`TypeError` if the object is not a " +"bytes object. The C variable may also be declared as :c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"要求 Python 对象为 :class:`bytes` 对象，不尝试进行任何转换。 如果该对象不为 bytes 对象则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 C 变量也可被声明为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:150 +msgid "``Y`` (:class:`bytearray`) [PyByteArrayObject \\*]" +msgstr "``Y`` (:class:`bytearray`) [PyByteArrayObject \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Requires that the Python object is a :class:`bytearray` object, without " +"attempting any conversion. Raises :exc:`TypeError` if the object is not a " +":class:`bytearray` object. The C variable may also be declared as " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"要求 Python 对象为 :class:`bytearray` 对象，不尝试进行任何转换。 如果该对象不为 :class:`bytearray` " +"对象则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 C 变量也可被声明为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:155 +msgid "``U`` (:class:`str`) [PyObject \\*]" +msgstr "``U`` (:class:`str`) [PyObject \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Requires that the Python object is a Unicode object, without attempting any " +"conversion. Raises :exc:`TypeError` if the object is not a Unicode object." +" The C variable may also be declared as :c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"要求 Python 对象为 Unicode 对象，不尝试进行任何转换。 如果该对象不为 Unicode 对象则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" +" C 变量也可被声明为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:160 +msgid "``w*`` (read-write :term:`bytes-like object`) [Py_buffer]" +msgstr "``w*`` (可读写 :term:`bytes-like object`) [Py_buffer]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:161 +msgid "" +"This format accepts any object which implements the read-write buffer " +"interface. It fills a :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure provided by the caller. " +"The buffer may contain embedded null bytes. The caller have to call " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` when it is done with the buffer." +msgstr "" +"这个表达式接受任何实现可读写缓存区接口的对象。它为调用者提供的 :c:type:`Py_buffer` 结构赋值。缓冲区可能存在嵌入的 null " +"字节。当缓冲区使用完后调用者需要调用 :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:166 +msgid "``es`` (:class:`str`) [const char \\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer]" +msgstr "``es`` (:class:`str`) [const char \\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:167 +msgid "" +"This variant on ``s`` is used for encoding Unicode into a character buffer. " +"It only works for encoded data without embedded NUL bytes." +msgstr "``s`` 的变式，它将编码后的 Unicode 字符存入字符缓冲区。它只处理没有嵌 NUL 字节的已编码数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:170 +msgid "" +"This format requires two arguments. The first is only used as input, and " +"must be a :c:expr:`const char*` which points to the name of an encoding as a" +" NUL-terminated string, or ``NULL``, in which case ``'utf-8'`` encoding is " +"used. An exception is raised if the named encoding is not known to Python. " +"The second argument must be a :c:expr:`char**`; the value of the pointer it " +"references will be set to a buffer with the contents of the argument text. " +"The text will be encoded in the encoding specified by the first argument." +msgstr "" +"此格式需要两个参数。 第一个仅用作输入，并且必须为 :c:expr:`const char*`，它指向一个以 NUL " +"结束的字符串表示的编码格式名称，或者为 ``NULL``，这种情况会使用 ``'utf-8'`` 编码格式。 如果 Python " +"无法识别指定的编码格式则会引发异常。 第二个参数必须为 :c:expr:`char**`；它所引用的指针值将被设为带有参数文本内容的缓冲区。 " +"文本将以第一个参数所指定的编码格式进行编码。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:178 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` will allocate a buffer of the needed size, copy " +"the encoded data into this buffer and adjust *\\*buffer* to reference the " +"newly allocated storage. The caller is responsible for calling " +":c:func:`PyMem_Free` to free the allocated buffer after use." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 会分配一个足够大小的缓冲区，将编码后的数据拷贝进这个缓冲区并且设置 *\\*buffer* " +"引用这个新分配的内存空间。调用者有责任在使用后调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 去释放已经分配的缓冲区。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:183 +msgid "" +"``et`` (:class:`str`, :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`) [const char " +"\\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer]" +msgstr "" +"``et`` (:class:`str`, :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`) [const char " +"\\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Same as ``es`` except that byte string objects are passed through without " +"recoding them. Instead, the implementation assumes that the byte string " +"object uses the encoding passed in as parameter." +msgstr "和 ``es`` 相同，除了不用重编码传入的字符串对象。相反，它假设传入的参数是编码后的字符串类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:188 +msgid "" +"``es#`` (:class:`str`) [const char \\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer, " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` \\*buffer_length]" +msgstr "" +"``es#`` (:class:`str`) [const char \\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer, " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` \\*buffer_length]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:189 +msgid "" +"This variant on ``s#`` is used for encoding Unicode into a character buffer." +" Unlike the ``es`` format, this variant allows input data which contains NUL" +" characters." +msgstr "``s#`` 的变式，它将已编码的 Unicode 字符存入字符缓冲区。不像 ``es`` 表达式，它允许传入的数据包含 NUL 字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:193 +msgid "" +"It requires three arguments. The first is only used as input, and must be a" +" :c:expr:`const char*` which points to the name of an encoding as a NUL-" +"terminated string, or ``NULL``, in which case ``'utf-8'`` encoding is used. " +"An exception is raised if the named encoding is not known to Python. The " +"second argument must be a :c:expr:`char**`; the value of the pointer it " +"references will be set to a buffer with the contents of the argument text. " +"The text will be encoded in the encoding specified by the first argument. " +"The third argument must be a pointer to an integer; the referenced integer " +"will be set to the number of bytes in the output buffer." +msgstr "" +"它需要三个参数。 第一个仅用作输入，并且必须为 :c:expr:`const char*`，它指向一个以 NUL " +"结束的字符串表示的编码格式名称，或者为 ``NULL``，这种情况会使用 ``'utf-8'`` 编码格式。 如果 Python " +"无法识别指定的编码格式则会引发异常。 第二个参数必须为 :c:expr:`char**`；它所引用的指针值将被设为带有参数文本内容的缓冲区。 " +"文本将以第一个参数所指定的编码格式进行编码。 第三个参数必须为指向一个整数的指针；被引用的整数将被设为输出缓冲区中的字节数。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:203 +msgid "There are two modes of operation:" +msgstr "有两种操作方式：" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:205 +msgid "" +"If *\\*buffer* points a ``NULL`` pointer, the function will allocate a " +"buffer of the needed size, copy the encoded data into this buffer and set " +"*\\*buffer* to reference the newly allocated storage. The caller is " +"responsible for calling :c:func:`PyMem_Free` to free the allocated buffer " +"after usage." +msgstr "" +"如果 *\\*buffer* 指向 ``NULL`` 指针，则函数将分配所需大小的缓冲区，将编码的数据复制到此缓冲区，并设置 *\\*buffer* " +"以引用新分配的存储。 呼叫者负责调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 以在使用后释放分配的缓冲区。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:210 +msgid "" +"If *\\*buffer* points to a non-``NULL`` pointer (an already allocated " +"buffer), :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` will use this location as the buffer and" +" interpret the initial value of *\\*buffer_length* as the buffer size. It " +"will then copy the encoded data into the buffer and NUL-terminate it. If " +"the buffer is not large enough, a :exc:`ValueError` will be set." +msgstr "" +"如果 *\\*buffer* 指向非 ``NULL`` 指针（已分配的缓冲区），则 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"将使用此位置作为缓冲区，并将 *\\*buffer_length* 的初始值解释为缓冲区大小。 然后，它将将编码的数据复制到缓冲区，并终止它。 " +"如果缓冲区不够大，将设置一个 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:216 +msgid "" +"In both cases, *\\*buffer_length* is set to the length of the encoded data " +"without the trailing NUL byte." +msgstr "在这两个例子中，*\\*buffer_length* 被设置为编码后结尾不为 NUL 的数据的长度。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:219 +msgid "" +"``et#`` (:class:`str`, :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`) [const char " +"\\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` \\*buffer_length]" +msgstr "" +"``et#`` (:class:`str`, :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray`) [const char " +"\\*encoding, char \\*\\*buffer, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` \\*buffer_length]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Same as ``es#`` except that byte string objects are passed through without " +"recoding them. Instead, the implementation assumes that the byte string " +"object uses the encoding passed in as parameter." +msgstr "和 ``es#`` 相同，除了不用重编码传入的字符串对象。相反，它假设传入的参数是编码后的字符串类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:224 +msgid "" +"``u``, ``u#``, ``Z``, and ``Z#`` are removed because they used a legacy " +"``Py_UNICODE*`` representation." +msgstr "``u``, ``u#``, ``Z`` 和 ``Z#`` 已被移除因为它们只用于旧式的 ``Py_UNICODE*`` 表示形式。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:230 +msgid "Numbers" +msgstr "数字" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:232 +msgid "" +"These formats allow representing Python numbers or single characters as C " +"numbers. Formats that require :class:`int`, :class:`float` or " +":class:`complex` can also use the corresponding special methods " +":meth:`~object.__index__`, :meth:`~object.__float__` or " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` to convert the Python object to the required " +"type." +msgstr "" +"这些格式允许将 Python 数字或单个字符表示为 C 数字。 需要 :class:`int`, :class:`float` 或 " +":class:`complex` 的格式还可以使用相应的特殊方法 :meth:`~object.__index__`, " +":meth:`~object.__float__` 或 :meth:`~object.__complex__` 将 Python 对象转换为所需的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:238 +msgid "" +"For signed integer formats, :exc:`OverflowError` is raised if the value is " +"out of range for the C type. For unsigned integer formats, no range checking" +" is done --- the most significant bits are silently truncated when the " +"receiving field is too small to receive the value." +msgstr "" +"对于有符号整数格式，如果值超出了 C 类型的范围则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。 对于无符号整数格式，则不会进行取值范围检查 ---" +" 当接受字段太小而无法接受值时将静默地截断最高有效位。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:244 +msgid "``b`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned char]" +msgstr "``b`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned char]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Convert a nonnegative Python integer to an unsigned tiny integer, stored in " +"a C :c:expr:`unsigned char`." +msgstr "将一个非负的 Python 整数转换为无符号微整数，存储于 C :c:expr:`unsigned char` 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:248 ../../c-api/arg.rst:627 +msgid "``B`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned char]" +msgstr "``B`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned char]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python integer to a tiny integer without overflow checking, stored" +" in a C :c:expr:`unsigned char`." +msgstr "将一个 Python 整数转换为微整数并且不进行溢出检查，存储于 C :c:expr:`unsigned char` 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:252 ../../c-api/arg.rst:621 +msgid "``h`` (:class:`int`) [short int]" +msgstr "``h`` (:class:`int`) [short int]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:253 +msgid "Convert a Python integer to a C :c:expr:`short int`." +msgstr "将 Python 整数转换为 C :c:expr:`short int`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:255 ../../c-api/arg.rst:630 +msgid "``H`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned short int]" +msgstr "``H`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned short int]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python integer to a C :c:expr:`unsigned short int`, without " +"overflow checking." +msgstr "将 Python 整数转换为 C :c:expr:`unsigned short int`，不进行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:259 ../../c-api/arg.rst:615 +msgid "``i`` (:class:`int`) [int]" +msgstr "``i`` (:class:`int`) [int]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:260 +msgid "Convert a Python integer to a plain C :c:expr:`int`." +msgstr "将 Python 整数转换为 C :c:expr:`int`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:262 ../../c-api/arg.rst:633 +msgid "``I`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned int]" +msgstr "``I`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned int]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python integer to a C :c:expr:`unsigned int`, without overflow " +"checking." +msgstr "将 Python 整数转换为 C :c:expr:`unsigned int`，不进行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:266 ../../c-api/arg.rst:624 +msgid "``l`` (:class:`int`) [long int]" +msgstr "``l`` (:class:`int`) [long int]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:267 +msgid "Convert a Python integer to a C :c:expr:`long int`." +msgstr "将 Python 整数转换为 C :c:expr:`long int`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:269 ../../c-api/arg.rst:636 +msgid "``k`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned long]" +msgstr "``k`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned long]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python integer to a C :c:expr:`unsigned long` without overflow " +"checking." +msgstr "将 Python 整数转换为 C :c:expr:`unsigned long`，不进行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:273 ../../c-api/arg.rst:639 +msgid "``L`` (:class:`int`) [long long]" +msgstr "``L`` (:class:`int`) [long long]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:274 +msgid "Convert a Python integer to a C :c:expr:`long long`." +msgstr "将 Python 整数转换为 C :c:expr:`long long`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:276 ../../c-api/arg.rst:642 +msgid "``K`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned long long]" +msgstr "``K`` (:class:`int`) [unsigned long long]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python integer to a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` without " +"overflow checking." +msgstr "将Python整数转换为C:C:expr:'unsigned long-long'，而不进行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:280 ../../c-api/arg.rst:645 +msgid "``n`` (:class:`int`) [:c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "``n`` (:class:`int`) [:c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:281 +msgid "Convert a Python integer to a C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "将一个 Python 整型转化成一个 C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` Python 元大小类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:283 +msgid "``c`` (:class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray` of length 1) [char]" +msgstr "``c`` (:class:`bytes` 或者 :class:`bytearray` 长度为 1) [char]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python byte, represented as a :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`" +" object of length 1, to a C :c:expr:`char`." +msgstr "" +"将一个 Python 字节类型，如一个长度为 1 的 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 对象，转换为 C " +":c:expr:`char` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:287 +msgid "Allow :class:`bytearray` objects." +msgstr "允许 :class:`bytearray` 类型的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:290 ../../c-api/arg.rst:652 +msgid "``C`` (:class:`str` of length 1) [int]" +msgstr "``C`` (:class:`str` 长度为 1) [int]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python character, represented as a :class:`str` object of length " +"1, to a C :c:expr:`int`." +msgstr "将一个 Python 字符，如一个长度为 1 的 :class:`str` 对象，转换为 C :c:expr:`int`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:294 ../../c-api/arg.rst:659 +msgid "``f`` (:class:`float`) [float]" +msgstr "``f`` (:class:`float`) [float]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:295 +msgid "Convert a Python floating-point number to a C :c:expr:`float`." +msgstr "将Python浮点数转换成C的:c:expr:`float`" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:297 ../../c-api/arg.rst:656 +msgid "``d`` (:class:`float`) [double]" +msgstr "``d`` (:class:`float`) [double]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:298 +msgid "Convert a Python floating-point number to a C :c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "将Python浮点数转换成C的:c:expr:`double`" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:300 +msgid "``D`` (:class:`complex`) [Py_complex]" +msgstr "``D`` (:class:`complex`) [Py_complex]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:301 +msgid "Convert a Python complex number to a C :c:type:`Py_complex` structure." +msgstr "将一个 Python 复数类型转化成一个 C :c:type:`Py_complex` Python 复数类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:304 +msgid "Other objects" +msgstr "其他对象" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:306 ../../c-api/arg.rst:665 +msgid "``O`` (object) [PyObject \\*]" +msgstr "``O`` (object) [PyObject \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Store a Python object (without any conversion) in a C object pointer. The C" +" program thus receives the actual object that was passed. A new " +":term:`strong reference` to the object is not created (i.e. its reference " +"count is not increased). The pointer stored is not ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"将 Python 对象（未经任何转换）存储到一个 C 对象指针中。 这样 C 程序就能接收到实际传递的对象。 对象的新 :term:`strong " +"reference` 不会被创建（即其引用计数不会增加）。 存储的指针将不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:313 +msgid "``O!`` (object) [*typeobject*, PyObject \\*]" +msgstr "``O!`` (object) [*typeobject*, PyObject \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Store a Python object in a C object pointer. This is similar to ``O``, but " +"takes two C arguments: the first is the address of a Python type object, the" +" second is the address of the C variable (of type :c:expr:`PyObject*`) into " +"which the object pointer is stored. If the Python object does not have the " +"required type, :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"将一个 Python 对象存入一个 C 对象指针。 这类似于 ``O``，但是接受两个 C 参数：第一个是 Python " +"类型对象的地址，第二个是存储对象指针的 C 变量 (类型为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`)。 如果 Python " +"对象不具有所要求的类型，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:322 +msgid "``O&`` (object) [*converter*, *address*]" +msgstr "``O&`` (object) [*converter*, *address*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:323 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python object to a C variable through a *converter* function. " +"This takes two arguments: the first is a function, the second is the address" +" of a C variable (of arbitrary type), converted to :c:expr:`void *`. The " +"*converter* function in turn is called as follows::" +msgstr "" +"通过 *converter* 函数将 Python 对象转换为 C 变量。这需要两个参数：第一个是函数，第二个是 C 变量（任意类型）的地址，转换为 " +":c:expr:`void *`。*转换器* 函数依次调用如下：" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:328 +msgid "status = converter(object, address);" +msgstr "status = converter(object, address);" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:330 +msgid "" +"where *object* is the Python object to be converted and *address* is the " +":c:expr:`void*` argument that was passed to the ``PyArg_Parse*`` function. " +"The returned *status* should be ``1`` for a successful conversion and ``0`` " +"if the conversion has failed. When the conversion fails, the *converter* " +"function should raise an exception and leave the content of *address* " +"unmodified." +msgstr "" +"其中 *object* 是待转换的 Python 对象而 *address* 为传给 ``PyArg_Parse*`` 函数的 " +":c:expr:`void*` 参数。 返回的 *status* 应当以 ``1`` 代表转换成功而以 ``0`` 代表转换失败。 " +"当转换失败时，*converter* 函数应当引发异常并让 *address* 的内容保持未修改状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:339 +msgid "" +"If the *converter* returns :c:macro:`!Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED`, it may get " +"called a second time if the argument parsing eventually fails, giving the " +"converter a chance to release any memory that it had already allocated. In " +"this second call, the *object* parameter will be ``NULL``; *address* will " +"have the same value as in the original call." +msgstr "" +"如果 *converter* 返回 " +":c:macro:`!Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED`，则如果参数解析最终失败它可能会再次被调用，以使转换器有机会释放已分配的任何内存。 " +"在第二次调用中，*object* 形参将为 ``NULL``; *address* 将具有与原始调用相同的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:345 +msgid "" +"Examples of converters: :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FSDecoder`." +msgstr "" +"转换器的例子: :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSDecoder`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:348 +msgid ":c:macro:`!Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED` was added." +msgstr "增加了 :c:macro:`!Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:351 +msgid "``p`` (:class:`bool`) [int]" +msgstr "``p`` (:class:`bool`) [int]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:352 +msgid "" +"Tests the value passed in for truth (a boolean **p**\\ redicate) and " +"converts the result to its equivalent C true/false integer value. Sets the " +"int to ``1`` if the expression was true and ``0`` if it was false. This " +"accepts any valid Python value. See :ref:`truth` for more information about" +" how Python tests values for truth." +msgstr "" +"测试传入的值是否为真(一个布尔判断)并且将结果转化为相对应的 C true/false 整型值。如果表达式为真置 ``1``，假则置 " +"``0``。它接受任何合法的 Python 值。参见 :ref:`truth` 获取更多关于 Python 如何测试值为真的信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:360 ../../c-api/arg.rst:689 +msgid "``(items)`` (:class:`tuple`) [*matching-items*]" +msgstr "``(items)`` (:class:`tuple`) [*matching-items*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:361 +msgid "" +"The object must be a Python sequence whose length is the number of format " +"units in *items*. The C arguments must correspond to the individual format " +"units in *items*. Format units for sequences may be nested." +msgstr "" +"对象必须是 Python 序列，它的长度是 *items* 中格式单元的数量。C 参数必须对应 *items* " +"中每一个独立的格式单元。序列中的格式单元可能有嵌套。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:365 +msgid "" +"A few other characters have a meaning in a format string. These may not " +"occur inside nested parentheses. They are:" +msgstr "格式化字符串中还有一些其他的字符具有特殊的涵义。这些可能并不嵌套在圆括号中。它们是：" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:368 +msgid "``|``" +msgstr "``|``" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Indicates that the remaining arguments in the Python argument list are " +"optional. The C variables corresponding to optional arguments should be " +"initialized to their default value --- when an optional argument is not " +"specified, :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` does not touch the contents of the " +"corresponding C variable(s)." +msgstr "" +"表明在 Python 参数列表中剩下的参数都是可选的。C 变量对应的可选参数需要初始化为默认值——当一个可选参数没有指定时， " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 不能访问相应的 C 变量(变量集)的内容。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:375 +msgid "``$``" +msgstr "``$``" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:376 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` only: Indicates that the remaining " +"arguments in the Python argument list are keyword-only. Currently, all " +"keyword-only arguments must also be optional arguments, so ``|`` must always" +" be specified before ``$`` in the format string." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` only：表明在 Python " +"参数列表中剩下的参数都是强制关键字参数。当前，所有强制关键字参数都必须也是可选参数，所以格式化字符串中 ``|`` 必须一直在 ``$`` 前面。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:384 +msgid "``:``" +msgstr "``:``" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:385 +msgid "" +"The list of format units ends here; the string after the colon is used as " +"the function name in error messages (the \"associated value\" of the " +"exception that :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` raises)." +msgstr "" +"格式单元的列表结束标志；冒号后的字符串被用来作为错误消息中的函数名(:c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 函数引发的“关联值”异常)。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:389 +msgid "``;``" +msgstr "``;``" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:390 +msgid "" +"The list of format units ends here; the string after the semicolon is used " +"as the error message *instead* of the default error message. ``:`` and " +"``;`` mutually exclude each other." +msgstr "格式单元的列表结束标志；分号后的字符串被用来作为错误消息取代默认的错误消息。 ``:`` 和 ``;`` 相互排斥。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Note that any Python object references which are provided to the caller are " +"*borrowed* references; do not release them (i.e. do not decrement their " +"reference count)!" +msgstr "请注意提供给调用者的任何 Python 对象引用都是 *借入* 引用；不要释放它们（即不要递减它们的引用计数）！" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:398 +msgid "" +"Additional arguments passed to these functions must be addresses of " +"variables whose type is determined by the format string; these are used to " +"store values from the input tuple. There are a few cases, as described in " +"the list of format units above, where these parameters are used as input " +"values; they should match what is specified for the corresponding format " +"unit in that case." +msgstr "" +"传递给这些函数的附加参数必须是由格式化字符串确定的变量的地址；这些都是用来存储输入元组的值。有一些情况，如上面的格式单元列表中所描述的，这些参数作为输入值使用；在这种情况下，它们应该匹配指定的相应的格式单元。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:404 +msgid "" +"For the conversion to succeed, the *arg* object must match the format and " +"the format must be exhausted. On success, the ``PyArg_Parse*`` functions " +"return true, otherwise they return false and raise an appropriate exception." +" When the ``PyArg_Parse*`` functions fail due to conversion failure in one " +"of the format units, the variables at the addresses corresponding to that " +"and the following format units are left untouched." +msgstr "" +"为了让转换成功，*arg* 对象必须匹配格式并且格式必须被用尽。 当成功时，``PyArg_Parse*`` " +"函数将返回真值，否则将返回假值并引发适当的异常。 当 ``PyArg_Parse*`` " +"函数由于某个格式单元转换出错而失败时，该格式单元及其后续格式单元对应的地址上的变量都将保持原样。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:413 +msgid "API Functions" +msgstr "API 函数" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:417 +msgid "" +"Parse the parameters of a function that takes only positional parameters " +"into local variables. Returns true on success; on failure, it returns false" +" and raises the appropriate exception." +msgstr "解析一个函数的参数，表达式中的参数按参数位置顺序存入局部变量中。成功返回 true；失败返回 false 并且引发相应的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:424 +msgid "" +"Identical to :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, except that it accepts a va_list " +"rather than a variable number of arguments." +msgstr "和 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 相同，然而它接受一个 va_list 类型的参数而不是可变数量的参数集。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:430 +msgid "" +"Parse the parameters of a function that takes both positional and keyword " +"parameters into local variables. The *keywords* argument is a " +"``NULL``-terminated array of keyword parameter names specified as null-" +"terminated ASCII or UTF-8 encoded C strings. Empty names denote " +":ref:`positional-only parameters `. Returns true " +"on success; on failure, it returns false and raises the appropriate " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"解析一个将位置参数和关键字参数同时转为局部变量的函数的形参。 *keywords* 参数是由以空值结束的 ASCII 和 UTF-8 编码 C " +"字符串表示的关键字形参名称组成的以 ``NULL`` 结束的数组。 空名称代表 :ref:`仅限位置形参 `。 成功时返回真值；失败时，它将返回假值并引发相应的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The *keywords* parameter declaration is :c:expr:`char * const *` in C and " +":c:expr:`const char * const *` in C++. This can be overridden with the " +":c:macro:`PY_CXX_CONST` macro." +msgstr "" +"*keywords* 形参声明在 C 中为 :c:expr:`char * const *` 而在 C++ 中为 :c:expr:`const char" +" * const *`。 这可以通过 :c:macro:`PY_CXX_CONST` 宏来重写。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:445 +msgid "" +"Added support for :ref:`positional-only parameters `." +msgstr "" +"添加了 :ref:`positional-only parameters ` 的支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:449 +msgid "" +"The *keywords* parameter has now type :c:expr:`char * const *` in C and " +":c:expr:`const char * const *` in C++, instead of :c:expr:`char **`. Added " +"support for non-ASCII keyword parameter names." +msgstr "" +"现在 *keywords* 形参类型在 C 中为 :c:expr:`char * const *` 而在 C++ 中为 :c:expr:`const " +"char * const *`，而不是 :c:expr:`char **`。 增加了对非 ASCII 关键字形参名称的支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Identical to :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`, except that it accepts a" +" va_list rather than a variable number of arguments." +msgstr "" +"和 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 相同，然而它接受一个va_list类型的参数而不是可变数量的参数集。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Ensure that the keys in the keywords argument dictionary are strings. This " +"is only needed if :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` is not used, since " +"the latter already does this check." +msgstr "" +"确保字典中的关键字参数都是字符串。这个函数只被使用于 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` " +"不被使用的情况下，后者已经不再做这样的检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:473 +msgid "" +"Parse the parameter of a function that takes a single positional parameter " +"into a local variable. Returns true on success; on failure, it returns " +"false and raises the appropriate exception." +msgstr "解析一个将单独位置形参转为局部变量的函数的形参。 成功时返回真值；失败时，它将返回假值并引发相应的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:477 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:479 +msgid "" +"// Function using METH_O calling convention\n" +"static PyObject*\n" +"my_function(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" int value;\n" +" if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, \"i:my_function\", &value)) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" // ... use value ...\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"// 使用 METH_O 调用规范的函数\n" +"static PyObject*\n" +"my_function(PyObject *module, PyObject *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" int value;\n" +" if (!PyArg_Parse(arg, \"i:my_function\", &value)) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" // ... 使用 value ...\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:493 +msgid "" +"A simpler form of parameter retrieval which does not use a format string to " +"specify the types of the arguments. Functions which use this method to " +"retrieve their parameters should be declared as :c:macro:`METH_VARARGS` in " +"function or method tables. The tuple containing the actual parameters " +"should be passed as *args*; it must actually be a tuple. The length of the " +"tuple must be at least *min* and no more than *max*; *min* and *max* may be " +"equal. Additional arguments must be passed to the function, each of which " +"should be a pointer to a :c:expr:`PyObject*` variable; these will be filled " +"in with the values from *args*; they will contain :term:`borrowed references" +" `. The variables which correspond to optional " +"parameters not given by *args* will not be filled in; these should be " +"initialized by the caller. This function returns true on success and false " +"if *args* is not a tuple or contains the wrong number of elements; an " +"exception will be set if there was a failure." +msgstr "" +"一个更简单的形参提取形式，它不使用格式字符串来指定参数类型。 使用此方法来提取其形参的函数应当在函数或方法表中声明为 " +":c:macro:`METH_VARARGS`。 包含实际形参的元组应当作为 *args* 传入；它必须确实是一个元组。 该元组的长度必须至少为 " +"*min* 且不超过 *max*； *min* 和 *max* 可能相等。 额外的参数必须被传给函数，每个参数应当是一个指向 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` 变量的指针；它们将以来自 *args* 的值来填充； 它们将包含 :term:`借入引用 `。 对应于 *args* 未给出的可选形参的变量不会被填充； 它们应当由调用方来初始化。 此函数在执行成功时返回真值而在 " +"*args* 不为元组或包含错误数量的元素时返回假值；如果执行失败则还将设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:508 +msgid "" +"This is an example of the use of this function, taken from the sources for " +"the :mod:`!_weakref` helper module for weak references::" +msgstr "这是一个使用该函数的示例，取自 :mod:`!_weakref` 弱引用辅助模块的源代码::" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:511 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"weakref_ref(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *object;\n" +" PyObject *callback = NULL;\n" +" PyObject *result = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, \"ref\", 1, 2, &object, &callback)) {\n" +" result = PyWeakref_NewRef(object, callback);\n" +" }\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"weakref_ref(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *object;\n" +" PyObject *callback = NULL;\n" +" PyObject *result = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, \"ref\", 1, 2, &object, &callback)) {\n" +" result = PyWeakref_NewRef(object, callback);\n" +" }\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:524 +msgid "" +"The call to :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple` in this example is entirely " +"equivalent to this call to :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`::" +msgstr "" +"这个例子中调用 :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple` 完全等价于调用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`::" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:527 +msgid "PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"O|O:ref\", &object, &callback)" +msgstr "PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"O|O:ref\", &object, &callback)" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:531 +msgid "" +"The value to be inserted, if any, before :c:expr:`char * const *` in the " +"*keywords* parameter declaration of :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` " +"and :c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords`. Default empty for C and " +"``const`` for C++ (:c:expr:`const char * const *`). To override, define it " +"to the desired value before including :file:`Python.h`." +msgstr "" +"要插入到 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 和 " +":c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords` 的 *keywords* 形参声明中位于 :c:expr:`char *" +" const *` 之前的值，如果有的话。 默认在 C 中为空而在 C++ 中为 ``const`` (:c:expr:`const char * " +"const *`)。 如需重写，可在包括 :file:`Python.h` 之前将其定义为想要的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:545 +msgid "Building values" +msgstr "创建变量" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:549 +msgid "" +"Create a new value based on a format string similar to those accepted by the" +" ``PyArg_Parse*`` family of functions and a sequence of values. Returns the" +" value or ``NULL`` in the case of an error; an exception will be raised if " +"``NULL`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"基于类似 ``PyArg_Parse*`` 函数族所接受内容的格式字符串和一个值序列来创建一个新值。 返回该值或在发生错误的情况下返回 " +"``NULL``；如果返回 ``NULL`` 则将引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:554 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` does not always build a tuple. It builds a tuple " +"only if its format string contains two or more format units. If the format " +"string is empty, it returns ``None``; if it contains exactly one format " +"unit, it returns whatever object is described by that format unit. To force" +" it to return a tuple of size 0 or one, parenthesize the format string." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` " +"并不一直创建一个元组。只有当它的格式化字符串包含两个或更多的格式单元才会创建一个元组。如果格式化字符串是空，它返回 " +"``None``；如果它包含一个格式单元，它返回由格式单元描述的的任一对象。用圆括号包裹格式化字符串可以强制它返回一个大小为 0 或者 1 的元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:560 +msgid "" +"When memory buffers are passed as parameters to supply data to build " +"objects, as for the ``s`` and ``s#`` formats, the required data is copied. " +"Buffers provided by the caller are never referenced by the objects created " +"by :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`. In other words, if your code invokes " +":c:func:`malloc` and passes the allocated memory to :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`," +" your code is responsible for calling :c:func:`free` for that memory once " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` returns." +msgstr "" +"当内存缓存区的数据以参数形式传递用来构建对象时，如 ``s`` 和 ``s#`` 格式单元，会拷贝需要的数据。调用者提供的缓冲区从来都不会被由 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 创建的对象来引用。换句话说，如果你的代码调用 :c:func:`malloc` " +"并且将分配的内存空间传递给 :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`，你的代码就有责任在 :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` " +"返回时调用 :c:func:`free` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:568 +msgid "" +"In the following description, the quoted form is the format unit; the entry " +"in (round) parentheses is the Python object type that the format unit will " +"return; and the entry in [square] brackets is the type of the C value(s) to " +"be passed." +msgstr "" +"在下面的描述中，双引号的表达式使格式单元；圆括号 () 内的是格式单元将要返回的 Python 对象类型；方括号 [] 内的是传递的 C " +"变量(变量集)的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:572 +msgid "" +"The characters space, tab, colon and comma are ignored in format strings " +"(but not within format units such as ``s#``). This can be used to make long" +" format strings a tad more readable." +msgstr "" +"字符例如空格，制表符，冒号和逗号在格式化字符串中会被忽略(但是不包括格式单元，如 ``s#``)。这可以使很长的格式化字符串具有更好的可读性。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:576 +msgid "``s`` (:class:`str` or ``None``) [const char \\*]" +msgstr "``s`` (:class:`str` 或 ``None``) [const char \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:577 +msgid "" +"Convert a null-terminated C string to a Python :class:`str` object using " +"``'utf-8'`` encoding. If the C string pointer is ``NULL``, ``None`` is used." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``'utf-8'`` 编码将空终止的 C 字符串转换为 Python :class:`str` 对象。如果 C 字符串指针为 " +"``NULL``，则使用 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:580 +msgid "``s#`` (:class:`str` or ``None``) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "``s#`` (:class:`str` 或 ``None``) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:581 +msgid "" +"Convert a C string and its length to a Python :class:`str` object using " +"``'utf-8'`` encoding. If the C string pointer is ``NULL``, the length is " +"ignored and ``None`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``'utf-8'`` 编码将 C 字符串及其长度转换为 Python :class:`str` 对象。如果 C 字符串指针为 " +"``NULL``，则长度将被忽略，并返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:585 +msgid "``y`` (:class:`bytes`) [const char \\*]" +msgstr "``y`` (:class:`bytes`) [const char \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:586 +msgid "" +"This converts a C string to a Python :class:`bytes` object. If the C string" +" pointer is ``NULL``, ``None`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"这将 C 字符串转换为 Python :class:`bytes` 对象。 如果 C 字符串指针为 ``NULL``，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:589 +msgid "``y#`` (:class:`bytes`) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "``y#`` (:class:`bytes`) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:590 +msgid "" +"This converts a C string and its lengths to a Python object. If the C " +"string pointer is ``NULL``, ``None`` is returned." +msgstr "这会将 C 字符串及其长度转换为一个 Python 对象。 如果该 C 字符串指针为 ``NULL``，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:594 ../../c-api/arg.rst:610 +msgid "Same as ``s``." +msgstr "和 ``s`` 一样。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:596 +msgid "``z#`` (:class:`str` or ``None``) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "``z#`` (:class:`str` 或 ``None``) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:597 ../../c-api/arg.rst:613 +msgid "Same as ``s#``." +msgstr "和 ``s#`` 一样。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:599 +msgid "``u`` (:class:`str`) [const wchar_t \\*]" +msgstr "``u`` (:class:`str`) [const wchar_t \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:600 +msgid "" +"Convert a null-terminated :c:type:`wchar_t` buffer of Unicode (UTF-16 or " +"UCS-4) data to a Python Unicode object. If the Unicode buffer pointer is " +"``NULL``, ``None`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"将空终止的 :c:type:`wchar_t` 的 Unicode （UTF-16 或 UCS-4） 数据缓冲区转换为 Python Unicode " +"对象。 如果 Unicode 缓冲区指针为 ``NULL``，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:604 +msgid "``u#`` (:class:`str`) [const wchar_t \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "``u#`` (:class:`str`) [const wchar_t \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:605 +msgid "" +"Convert a Unicode (UTF-16 or UCS-4) data buffer and its length to a Python " +"Unicode object. If the Unicode buffer pointer is ``NULL``, the length is " +"ignored and ``None`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"将 Unicode （UTF-16 或 UCS-4） 数据缓冲区及其长度转换为 Python Unicode 对象。 如果 Unicode " +"缓冲区指针为 ``NULL``，则长度将被忽略，并返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:609 +msgid "``U`` (:class:`str` or ``None``) [const char \\*]" +msgstr "``U`` (:class:`str` 或 ``None``) [const char \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:612 +msgid "``U#`` (:class:`str` or ``None``) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" +msgstr "``U#`` (:class:`str` 或 ``None``) [const char \\*, :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:616 +msgid "Convert a plain C :c:expr:`int` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个基本 C :c:expr:`int` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:618 +msgid "``b`` (:class:`int`) [char]" +msgstr "``b`` (:class:`int`) [char]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:619 +msgid "Convert a plain C :c:expr:`char` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个基本 C :c:expr:`char` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:622 +msgid "Convert a plain C :c:expr:`short int` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个基本 C :c:expr:`short int` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:625 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`long int` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:expr:`long int` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:628 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`unsigned char` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:expr:`unsigned char` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:631 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`unsigned short int` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:expr:`unsigned short int` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:634 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`unsigned int` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:expr:`unsigned int` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:637 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`unsigned long` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:expr:`unsigned long` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:640 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`long long` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:expr:`long long` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:643 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` to a Python integer object." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` 转换为 Python 整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:646 +msgid "Convert a C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` to a Python integer." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 类型转化为 Python 整型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:648 +msgid "``c`` (:class:`bytes` of length 1) [char]" +msgstr "``c`` (:class:`bytes` 长度为1 ) [char]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:649 +msgid "" +"Convert a C :c:expr:`int` representing a byte to a Python :class:`bytes` " +"object of length 1." +msgstr "将一个代表单个字节的 C :c:expr:`int` 转换为长度为 1 的 Python :class:`bytes` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Convert a C :c:expr:`int` representing a character to Python :class:`str` " +"object of length 1." +msgstr "将一个代表单个字符的 C :c:expr:`int` 转换为长度为 1 的 Python :class:`str` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:657 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`double` to a Python floating-point number." +msgstr "将 C :c:expr:`double` 转换成 Python 浮点数" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:660 +msgid "Convert a C :c:expr:`float` to a Python floating-point number." +msgstr "将 C :c:expr:`float` 转换成 Python 浮点数" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:662 +msgid "``D`` (:class:`complex`) [Py_complex \\*]" +msgstr "``D`` (:class:`complex`) [Py_complex \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:663 +msgid "Convert a C :c:type:`Py_complex` structure to a Python complex number." +msgstr "将一个 C :c:type:`Py_complex` 类型的结构转化为 Python 复数类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:666 +msgid "" +"Pass a Python object untouched but create a new :term:`strong reference` to " +"it (i.e. its reference count is incremented by one). If the object passed in" +" is a ``NULL`` pointer, it is assumed that this was caused because the call " +"producing the argument found an error and set an exception. Therefore, " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` will return ``NULL`` but won't raise an exception. " +"If no exception has been raised yet, :exc:`SystemError` is set." +msgstr "" +"原封不动地传递一个 Python 对象，但为其创建一个新的 :term:`strong reference` (即其引用计数加一)。 " +"如果传入的对象是一个 ``NULL`` 指针，则会假定这是因为产生该参数的调用发现了错误并设置了异常。 " +"因此，:c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 将返回 ``NULL`` 但不会引发异常。 如果尚未引发异常，则会设置 " +":exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:675 +msgid "``S`` (object) [PyObject \\*]" +msgstr "``S`` (object) [PyObject \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:676 +msgid "Same as ``O``." +msgstr "和 ``O`` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:678 +msgid "``N`` (object) [PyObject \\*]" +msgstr "``N`` (object) [PyObject \\*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:679 +msgid "" +"Same as ``O``, except it doesn't create a new :term:`strong reference`. " +"Useful when the object is created by a call to an object constructor in the " +"argument list." +msgstr "" +"与 ``O`` 相同，但它不会创建新的 :term:`strong reference`。 " +"如果对象是通过调用参数列表中的对象构造器来创建的则该方法将很有用处。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:683 +msgid "``O&`` (object) [*converter*, *anything*]" +msgstr "``O&`` (object) [*converter*, *anything*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Convert *anything* to a Python object through a *converter* function. The " +"function is called with *anything* (which should be compatible with " +":c:expr:`void*`) as its argument and should return a \"new\" Python object, " +"or ``NULL`` if an error occurred." +msgstr "" +"通过 *converter* 函数将 *anything* 转换为 Python 对象。 该函数在调用时附带 *anything* (它应当兼容 " +":c:expr:`void*`) 作为其参数并且应返回一个 \"新的\" Python 对象，或者如果发生错误则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:690 +msgid "" +"Convert a sequence of C values to a Python tuple with the same number of " +"items." +msgstr "将一个 C 变量序列转换成 Python 元组并保持相同的元素数量。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:692 +msgid "``[items]`` (:class:`list`) [*matching-items*]" +msgstr "``[items]`` (:class:`list`) [*相关的元素*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:693 +msgid "" +"Convert a sequence of C values to a Python list with the same number of " +"items." +msgstr "将一个 C 变量序列转换成 Python 列表并保持相同的元素数量。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:695 +msgid "``{items}`` (:class:`dict`) [*matching-items*]" +msgstr "``{items}`` (:class:`dict`) [*相关的元素*]" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:696 +msgid "" +"Convert a sequence of C values to a Python dictionary. Each pair of " +"consecutive C values adds one item to the dictionary, serving as key and " +"value, respectively." +msgstr "将一个C变量序列转换成 Python 字典。每一对连续的 C 变量对作为一个元素插入字典中，分别作为关键字和值。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:700 +msgid "" +"If there is an error in the format string, the :exc:`SystemError` exception " +"is set and ``NULL`` returned." +msgstr "如果格式字符串中出现错误，则设置 :exc:`SystemError` 异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/arg.rst:705 +msgid "" +"Identical to :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, except that it accepts a va_list " +"rather than a variable number of arguments." +msgstr "和 :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 相同，然而它接受一个 va_list 类型的参数而不是可变数量的参数集。" diff --git a/c-api/bool.po b/c-api/bool.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0f17907b --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/bool.po @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Madlee , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:6 +msgid "Boolean Objects" +msgstr "布尔对象" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Booleans in Python are implemented as a subclass of integers. There are " +"only two booleans, :c:data:`Py_False` and :c:data:`Py_True`. As such, the " +"normal creation and deletion functions don't apply to booleans. The " +"following macros are available, however." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中布尔值是作为整数的子类实现的。 只有两个布尔值，:c:data:`Py_False` 和 :c:data:`Py_True`。 " +"因此，正常的创建和删除功能不适用于布尔值。 不过，下列的宏则是可用的。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python boolean type; " +"it is the same object as :class:`bool` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例代表一个 Python 布尔类型；它与 Python 层面的 :class:`bool` " +"是相同的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Return true if *o* is of type :c:data:`PyBool_Type`. This function always " +"succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *o* 的类型为 :c:data:`PyBool_Type` 则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The Python ``False`` object. This object has no methods and is " +":term:`immortal`." +msgstr "Python ``False`` 对象。 该对象没有任何方法并且属于 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:31 +msgid ":c:data:`Py_False` is :term:`immortal`." +msgstr ":c:data:`Py_False` 属于 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The Python ``True`` object. This object has no methods and is " +":term:`immortal`." +msgstr "Python ``True`` 对象。 该对象没有任何方法并且属于 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:40 +msgid ":c:data:`Py_True` is :term:`immortal`." +msgstr ":c:data:`Py_True` 属于 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:46 +msgid "Return :c:data:`Py_False` from a function." +msgstr "从一个函数返回 :c:data:`Py_False`。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:51 +msgid "Return :c:data:`Py_True` from a function." +msgstr "从一个函数返回 :c:data:`Py_True`。" + +#: ../../c-api/bool.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Return :c:data:`Py_True` or :c:data:`Py_False`, depending on the truth value" +" of *v*." +msgstr "返回 :c:data:`Py_True` 或 :c:data:`Py_False`，具体取决于 *v* 的逻辑值。" diff --git a/c-api/buffer.po b/c-api/buffer.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b9e9bccd --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/buffer.po @@ -0,0 +1,966 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# jsgang , 2021 +# 稀饭~~ , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# taotieren , 2021 +# 豌豆花下猫 , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 8af080f2e6702c64bedd01873aed27e8_25aec74 , 2021 +# Jiu Hong Jiang , 2021 +# NCJ , 2021 +# Jianchao Su, 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# Dankinder <2535262279@qq.com>, 2021 +# helloworldSB , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:11 +msgid "Buffer Protocol" +msgstr "缓冲协议" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Certain objects available in Python wrap access to an underlying memory " +"array or *buffer*. Such objects include the built-in :class:`bytes` and " +":class:`bytearray`, and some extension types like :class:`array.array`. " +"Third-party libraries may define their own types for special purposes, such " +"as image processing or numeric analysis." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中可使用一些对象来包装对底层内存数组或称 *缓冲* 的访问。此类对象包括内置的 :class:`bytes` 和 " +":class:`bytearray` 以及一些如 :class:`array.array` " +"这样的扩展类型。第三方库也可能会为了特殊的目的而定义它们自己的类型，例如用于图像处理和数值分析等。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:24 +msgid "" +"While each of these types have their own semantics, they share the common " +"characteristic of being backed by a possibly large memory buffer. It is " +"then desirable, in some situations, to access that buffer directly and " +"without intermediate copying." +msgstr "虽然这些类型中的每一种都有自己的语义，但它们具有由可能较大的内存缓冲区支持的共同特征。 在某些情况下，希望直接访问该缓冲区而无需中间复制。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Python provides such a facility at the C level in the form of the " +":ref:`buffer protocol `. This protocol has two sides:" +msgstr "Python 以 :ref:`缓冲协议 ` 的形式在 C 层级上提供这样的功能。 此协议包括两个方面:" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:34 +msgid "" +"on the producer side, a type can export a \"buffer interface\" which allows " +"objects of that type to expose information about their underlying buffer. " +"This interface is described in the section :ref:`buffer-structs`;" +msgstr "" +"在生产者这一方面，该类型的协议可以导出一个“缓冲区接口”，允许公开它的底层缓冲区信息。该接口的描述信息在 :ref:`buffer-structs` " +"一节中；" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:38 +msgid "" +"on the consumer side, several means are available to obtain a pointer to the" +" raw underlying data of an object (for example a method parameter)." +msgstr "在消费者一侧，有几种方法可用于获得指向对象的原始底层数据的指针（例如一个方法的形参）。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Simple objects such as :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` expose their " +"underlying buffer in byte-oriented form. Other forms are possible; for " +"example, the elements exposed by an :class:`array.array` can be multi-byte " +"values." +msgstr "" +"一些简单的对象例如 :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 会以面向字节的形式公开它们的底层缓冲区。 " +"也可能会用其他形式；例如 :class:`array.array` 所公开的元素可以是多字节值。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:45 +msgid "" +"An example consumer of the buffer interface is the " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.write` method of file objects: any object that can" +" export a series of bytes through the buffer interface can be written to a " +"file. While :meth:`!write` only needs read-only access to the internal " +"contents of the object passed to it, other methods such as " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.readinto` need write access to the contents of " +"their argument. The buffer interface allows objects to selectively allow or" +" reject exporting of read-write and read-only buffers." +msgstr "" +"缓冲区接口的消费者的一个例子是文件对象的 :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.write` " +"方法：任何可以输出为一系列字节流的对象都可以被写入文件。 然而 :meth:`!write` 只需要对传入对象内容的只读权限，其他的方法如 " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.readinto` 需要对参数内容的写入权限。 " +"缓冲区接口使用对象可以选择性地允许或拒绝读写或只读缓冲区的导出。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:53 +msgid "" +"There are two ways for a consumer of the buffer interface to acquire a " +"buffer over a target object:" +msgstr "对于缓冲区接口的使用者而言，有两种方式来获取一个目的对象的缓冲：" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:56 +msgid "call :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` with the right parameters;" +msgstr "使用正确的参数来调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 函数；" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:58 +msgid "" +"call :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` (or one of its siblings) with one of the " +"``y*``, ``w*`` or ``s*`` :ref:`format codes `." +msgstr "" +"调用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` (或其同级对象之一) 并传入 ``y*``, ``w*`` or ``s*`` " +":ref:`格式代码 ` 中的一个。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:61 +msgid "" +"In both cases, :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` must be called when the buffer " +"isn't needed anymore. Failure to do so could lead to various issues such as" +" resource leaks." +msgstr "" +"在这两种情况下，当不再需要缓冲区时必须调用 :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` 。如果此操作失败，可能会导致各种问题，例如资源泄漏。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:69 +msgid "Buffer structure" +msgstr "缓冲区结构" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Buffer structures (or simply \"buffers\") are useful as a way to expose the " +"binary data from another object to the Python programmer. They can also be " +"used as a zero-copy slicing mechanism. Using their ability to reference a " +"block of memory, it is possible to expose any data to the Python programmer " +"quite easily. The memory could be a large, constant array in a C extension," +" it could be a raw block of memory for manipulation before passing to an " +"operating system library, or it could be used to pass around structured data" +" in its native, in-memory format." +msgstr "" +"缓冲区结构(或者简单地称为“buffers”)对于将二进制数据从另一个对象公开给 Python " +"程序员非常有用。它们还可以用作零拷贝切片机制。使用它们引用内存块的能力，可以很容易地将任何数据公开给 Python 程序员。内存可以是 C " +"扩展中的一个大的常量数组，也可以是在传递到操作系统库之前用于操作的原始内存块，或者可以用来传递本机内存格式的结构化数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Contrary to most data types exposed by the Python interpreter, buffers are " +"not :c:type:`PyObject` pointers but rather simple C structures. This allows" +" them to be created and copied very simply. When a generic wrapper around a" +" buffer is needed, a :ref:`memoryview ` object can be " +"created." +msgstr "" +"与 Python 解释器公开的大多部数据类型不同，缓冲区不是 :c:type:`PyObject` 指针而是简单的 C 结构。 " +"这使得它们可以非常简单地创建和复制。 当需要为缓冲区加上泛型包装器时，可以创建一个 :ref:`内存视图 ` " +"对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:86 +msgid "" +"For short instructions how to write an exporting object, see :ref:`Buffer " +"Object Structures `. For obtaining a buffer, see " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`." +msgstr "" +"有关如何编写并导出对象的简短说明，请参阅 :ref:`缓冲区对象结构 `。 要获取缓冲区对象，请参阅 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:94 +msgid "" +"A pointer to the start of the logical structure described by the buffer " +"fields. This can be any location within the underlying physical memory block" +" of the exporter. For example, with negative :c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` " +"the value may point to the end of the memory block." +msgstr "" +"指向由缓冲区字段描述的逻辑结构开始的指针。 这可以是导出程序底层物理内存块中的任何位置。 例如，使用负的 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` 值可能指向内存块的末尾。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:99 +msgid "" +"For :term:`contiguous` arrays, the value points to the beginning of the " +"memory block." +msgstr "对于 :term:`contiguous` ，‘邻接’数组，值指向内存块的开头。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:104 +msgid "" +"A new reference to the exporting object. The reference is owned by the " +"consumer and automatically released (i.e. reference count decremented) and " +"set to ``NULL`` by :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`. The field is the equivalent " +"of the return value of any standard C-API function." +msgstr "" +"对导出对象的新引用。 该引用由消费方拥有，并由 :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` 自动释放（即引用计数递减）并设置为 " +"``NULL``。 该字段相当于任何标准 C-API 函数的返回值。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:111 +msgid "" +"As a special case, for *temporary* buffers that are wrapped by " +":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromBuffer` or :c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo` this field " +"is ``NULL``. In general, exporting objects MUST NOT use this scheme." +msgstr "" +"作为一种特殊情况，对于由 :c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromBuffer` 或 :c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo`" +" 包装的 *temporary* 缓冲区，此字段为 ``NULL``。 通常，导出对象不得使用此方案。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:118 +msgid "" +"``product(shape) * itemsize``. For contiguous arrays, this is the length of " +"the underlying memory block. For non-contiguous arrays, it is the length " +"that the logical structure would have if it were copied to a contiguous " +"representation." +msgstr "" +"``product(shape) * " +"itemsize``。对于连续数组，这是基础内存块的长度。对于非连续数组，如果逻辑结构复制到连续表示形式，则该长度将具有该长度。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Accessing ``((char *)buf)[0] up to ((char *)buf)[len-1]`` is only valid if " +"the buffer has been obtained by a request that guarantees contiguity. In " +"most cases such a request will be :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` or " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE`." +msgstr "" +"仅当缓冲区是通过保证连续性的请求获取时，才访问 ``((char *)buf)[0] up to ((char *)buf)[len-1]`` " +"时才有效。在大多数情况下，此类请求将为 :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` 或 :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE`。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:129 +msgid "" +"An indicator of whether the buffer is read-only. This field is controlled by" +" the :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` flag." +msgstr "缓冲区是否为只读的指示器。此字段由 :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` 标志控制。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Item size in bytes of a single element. Same as the value of " +":func:`struct.calcsize` called on non-``NULL`` :c:member:`~Py_buffer.format`" +" values." +msgstr "" +"单个元素的项大小（以字节为单位）。与 :func:`struct.calcsize` 调用非 ``NULL`` " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.format` 的值相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Important exception: If a consumer requests a buffer without the " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` flag, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.format` will be set to " +"``NULL``, but :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` still has the value for the " +"original format." +msgstr "" +"重要例外：如果使用者请求的缓冲区没有 :c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` 标志，:c:member:`~Py_buffer.format` " +"将设置为 ``NULL``，但 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` 仍具有原始格式的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:142 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` is present, the equality ``product(shape) * " +"itemsize == len`` still holds and the consumer can use " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` to navigate the buffer." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` 存在，则相等的 ``product(shape) * itemsize == len``" +" 仍然存在，使用者可以使用 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` 来导航缓冲区。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:146 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` is ``NULL`` as a result of a " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` or a :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` request, the consumer" +" must disregard :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` and assume ``itemsize == " +"1``." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` 是 ``NULL``，因为结果为 :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` 或 " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` 请求，则使用者必须忽略 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize`，并假设 " +"``itemsize == 1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:152 +msgid "" +"A *NULL* terminated string in :mod:`struct` module style syntax describing " +"the contents of a single item. If this is ``NULL``, ``\"B\"`` (unsigned " +"bytes) is assumed." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`struct` 模块样式语法中以 *NULL* 结束的字符串描述单个条目的内容。 如果这是 ``NULL``，将假定为 " +"``\"B\"`` (无符号字节型)。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:156 +msgid "This field is controlled by the :c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` flag." +msgstr "此字段由 :c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` 标志控制。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The number of dimensions the memory represents as an n-dimensional array. If" +" it is ``0``, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` points to a single item " +"representing a scalar. In this case, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape`, " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` and :c:member:`~Py_buffer.suboffsets` MUST be" +" ``NULL``. The maximum number of dimensions is given by " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_MAX_NDIM`." +msgstr "" +"内存表示为 n 维数组形式对应的维度数。 如果为 ``0``，则 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` 指向表示标量的单个条目。 " +"在这种情况下，:c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` 和 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.suboffsets` 必须为 ``NULL``。 最大维度数由 " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` 给出。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:168 +msgid "" +"An array of :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` of length :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim` " +"indicating the shape of the memory as an n-dimensional array. Note that " +"``shape[0] * ... * shape[ndim-1] * itemsize`` MUST be equal to " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.len`." +msgstr "" +"一个长度为 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 的数组 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim` 表示作为 n 维数组的内存形状。 " +"请注意，``shape[0] * ... * shape[ndim-1] * itemsize`` 必须等于 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.len`。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Shape values are restricted to ``shape[n] >= 0``. The case ``shape[n] == 0``" +" requires special attention. See `complex arrays`_ for further information." +msgstr "" +"Shape 形状数组中的值被限定在 ``shape[n] >= 0`` 。 ``shape[n] == 0`` 这一情形需要特别注意。更多信息请参阅 " +"`complex arrays`_ 。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:177 +msgid "The shape array is read-only for the consumer." +msgstr "shape 数组对于使用者来说是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:181 +msgid "" +"An array of :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` of length :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim` " +"giving the number of bytes to skip to get to a new element in each " +"dimension." +msgstr "" +"一个长度为 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 的数组 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim` " +"给出要跳过的字节数以获取每个尺寸中的新元素。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Stride values can be any integer. For regular arrays, strides are usually " +"positive, but a consumer MUST be able to handle the case ``strides[n] <= " +"0``. See `complex arrays`_ for further information." +msgstr "" +"Stride 步幅数组中的值可以为任何整数。对于常规数组，步幅通常为正数，但是使用者必须能够处理 ``strides[n] <= 0`` " +"的情况。更多信息请参阅 `complex arrays`_ 。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:189 +msgid "The strides array is read-only for the consumer." +msgstr "strides数组对用户来说是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:193 +msgid "" +"An array of :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` of length :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim`. If " +"``suboffsets[n] >= 0``, the values stored along the nth dimension are " +"pointers and the suboffset value dictates how many bytes to add to each " +"pointer after de-referencing. A suboffset value that is negative indicates " +"that no de-referencing should occur (striding in a contiguous memory block)." +msgstr "" +"一个长度为 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim` 类型为 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 的数组 。如果 " +"``suboffsets[n] >= 0``，则第 n 维存储的是指针，suboffset " +"值决定了解除引用时要给指针增加多少字节的偏移。suboffset 为负值，则表示不应解除引用（在连续内存块中移动）。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:200 +msgid "" +"If all suboffsets are negative (i.e. no de-referencing is needed), then this" +" field must be ``NULL`` (the default value)." +msgstr "如果所有子偏移均为负（即无需取消引用），则此字段必须为 ``NULL`` （默认值）。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:203 +msgid "" +"This type of array representation is used by the Python Imaging Library " +"(PIL). See `complex arrays`_ for further information how to access elements " +"of such an array." +msgstr "" +"Python Imaging Library (PIL) 中使用了这种类型的数组表达方式。请参阅 `complex arrays`_ " +"来了解如何从这样一个数组中访问元素。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:207 +msgid "The suboffsets array is read-only for the consumer." +msgstr "suboffsets 数组对于使用者来说是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:211 +msgid "" +"This is for use internally by the exporting object. For example, this might " +"be re-cast as an integer by the exporter and used to store flags about " +"whether or not the shape, strides, and suboffsets arrays must be freed when " +"the buffer is released. The consumer MUST NOT alter this value." +msgstr "" +"供输出对象内部使用。比如可能被输出程序重组为一个整数，用于存储一个标志，标明在缓冲区释放时是否必须释放 shape、strides 和 " +"suboffsets 数组。消费者程序 *不得* 修改该值。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:218 +msgid "Constants:" +msgstr "常量:" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:222 +msgid "" +"The maximum number of dimensions the memory represents. Exporters MUST " +"respect this limit, consumers of multi-dimensional buffers SHOULD be able to" +" handle up to :c:macro:`!PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` dimensions. Currently set to 64." +msgstr "" +"内存表示的最大维度数。 导出程序必须遵守这个限制，多维缓冲区的使用者应该能够处理最多 :c:macro:`!PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` 个维度。 " +"目前设置为 64。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:231 +msgid "Buffer request types" +msgstr "缓冲区请求的类型" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Buffers are usually obtained by sending a buffer request to an exporting " +"object via :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`. Since the complexity of the logical" +" structure of the memory can vary drastically, the consumer uses the *flags*" +" argument to specify the exact buffer type it can handle." +msgstr "" +"通常，通过 :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` " +"向输出对象发送缓冲区请求，即可获得缓冲区。由于内存的逻辑结构复杂，可能会有很大差异，缓冲区使用者可用 *flags* " +"参数指定其能够处理的缓冲区具体类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:238 +msgid "" +"All :c:type:`Py_buffer` fields are unambiguously defined by the request " +"type." +msgstr "所有 :c:type:`Py_buffer` 字段均由请求类型无歧义地定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:242 +msgid "request-independent fields" +msgstr "与请求无关的字段" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:243 +msgid "" +"The following fields are not influenced by *flags* and must always be filled" +" in with the correct values: :c:member:`~Py_buffer.obj`, " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.len`, " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim`." +msgstr "" +"以下字段不会被 *flags* 影响，并且必须总是用正确的值填充：:c:member:`~Py_buffer.obj`, " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf`，:c:member:`~Py_buffer.len`，:c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize`，:c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim`。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:248 +msgid "readonly, format" +msgstr "只读，格式" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Controls the :c:member:`~Py_buffer.readonly` field. If set, the exporter " +"MUST provide a writable buffer or else report failure. Otherwise, the " +"exporter MAY provide either a read-only or writable buffer, but the choice " +"MUST be consistent for all consumers. For example, :c:expr:`PyBUF_SIMPLE | " +"PyBUF_WRITABLE` can be used to request a simple writable buffer." +msgstr "" +"控制 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.readonly` 字段。 如果设置了，输出程序必须提供一个可写的缓冲区，否则将报告失败。 " +"在其他情况下，输出程序可以提供一个只读或可写的缓冲区，但该选择必须对所有消费者程序保持一致。 例如，可以使用 :c:expr:`PyBUF_SIMPLE" +" | PyBUF_WRITABLE` 来请求一个简单的可写缓冲区。 be used to request a simple writable " +"buffer." + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Controls the :c:member:`~Py_buffer.format` field. If set, this field MUST be" +" filled in correctly. Otherwise, this field MUST be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"控制 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.format` 字段。 如果设置，则必须正确填写此字段。其他情况下，此字段必须为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:264 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` can be \\|'d to any of the flags in the next " +"section. Since :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` is defined as 0, " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` can be used as a stand-alone flag to request a " +"simple writable buffer." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` 可以和下一节的所有标志联用。由于 :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` 定义为 0，所以 " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` 可以作为一个独立的标志，用于请求一个简单的可写缓冲区。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:268 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` must be \\|'d to any of the flags except " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE`, because the latter already implies format ``B`` " +"(unsigned bytes). :c:macro:`!PyBUF_FORMAT` cannot be used on its own." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`PyBUF_FORMAT` 必须与任何旗标执行 \\| 运算但 :c:macro:`PyBUF_SIMPLE` " +"除外，因为后者已应用了格式 ``B`` (无符号字节串)。 :c:macro:`!PyBUF_FORMAT` 不可单独使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:274 +msgid "shape, strides, suboffsets" +msgstr "形状，步幅，子偏移量" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:276 +msgid "" +"The flags that control the logical structure of the memory are listed in " +"decreasing order of complexity. Note that each flag contains all bits of the" +" flags below it." +msgstr "控制内存逻辑结构的标志按照复杂度的递减顺序列出。注意，每个标志包含它下面的所有标志。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:283 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:307 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:332 +msgid "Request" +msgstr "请求" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:283 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:307 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:332 +msgid "shape" +msgstr "形状" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:283 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:307 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:332 +msgid "strides" +msgstr "步幅" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:283 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:307 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:332 +msgid "suboffsets" +msgstr "子偏移量" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:285 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:287 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:289 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:309 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:311 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:313 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:315 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:334 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:336 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:338 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:340 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:342 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:344 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:346 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:348 +msgid "yes" +msgstr "是" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:285 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:334 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:336 +msgid "if needed" +msgstr "如果需要的话" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:287 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:289 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:291 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:309 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:311 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:313 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:315 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:338 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:340 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:342 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:344 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:346 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:348 +msgid "NULL" +msgstr "NULL" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:298 +msgid "contiguity requests" +msgstr "连续性的请求" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:300 +msgid "" +"C or Fortran :term:`contiguity ` can be explicitly requested, " +"with and without stride information. Without stride information, the buffer " +"must be C-contiguous." +msgstr "" +"可以显式地请求C 或 Fortran :term:`连续 ` ，不管有没有步幅信息。若没有步幅信息，则缓冲区必须是 C-连续的。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:307 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:332 +msgid "contig" +msgstr "邻接" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:309 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:315 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:346 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:348 +msgid "C" +msgstr "C" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:311 +msgid "F" +msgstr "F" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:313 +msgid "C or F" +msgstr "C 或 F" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:315 +msgid ":c:macro:`PyBUF_ND`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`PyBUF_ND`" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:320 +msgid "compound requests" +msgstr "复合请求" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:322 +msgid "" +"All possible requests are fully defined by some combination of the flags in " +"the previous section. For convenience, the buffer protocol provides " +"frequently used combinations as single flags." +msgstr "所有可能的请求都由上一节中某些标志的组合完全定义。为方便起见，缓冲区协议提供常用的组合作为单个标志。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:326 +msgid "" +"In the following table *U* stands for undefined contiguity. The consumer " +"would have to call :c:func:`PyBuffer_IsContiguous` to determine contiguity." +msgstr "在下表中，*U* 代表连续性未定义。消费者程序必须调用 :c:func:`PyBuffer_IsContiguous` 以确定连续性。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:332 +msgid "readonly" +msgstr "只读" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:332 +msgid "format" +msgstr "format" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:334 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:336 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:338 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:340 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:342 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:344 +msgid "U" +msgstr "U" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:334 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:338 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:342 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:346 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:336 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:340 +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:344 ../../c-api/buffer.rst:348 +msgid "1 or 0" +msgstr "1 或 0" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:353 +msgid "Complex arrays" +msgstr "复杂数组" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:356 +msgid "NumPy-style: shape and strides" +msgstr "NumPy-风格：形状和步幅" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The logical structure of NumPy-style arrays is defined by " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim`, " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` and :c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides`." +msgstr "" +"NumPy 风格数组的逻辑结构由 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` 、 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.ndim` 、 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` 和 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` 定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:361 +msgid "" +"If ``ndim == 0``, the memory location pointed to by " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` is interpreted as a scalar of size " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize`. In that case, both " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` and :c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` are " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``ndim == 0`` ， :c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` 指向的内存位置被解释为大小为 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` 的标量。这时， :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape` 和 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` 都为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:365 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` is ``NULL``, the array is interpreted as a" +" standard n-dimensional C-array. Otherwise, the consumer must access an " +"n-dimensional array as follows:" +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides` 为 ``NULL``，则数组将被解释为一个标准的 n 维 C " +"语言数组。否则，消费者程序必须按如下方式访问 n 维数组：" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:369 +msgid "" +"ptr = (char *)buf + indices[0] * strides[0] + ... + indices[n-1] * strides[n-1];\n" +"item = *((typeof(item) *)ptr);" +msgstr "" +"ptr = (char *)buf + indices[0] * strides[0] + ... + indices[n-1] * strides[n-1];\n" +"item = *((typeof(item) *)ptr);" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:375 +msgid "" +"As noted above, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` can point to any location within " +"the actual memory block. An exporter can check the validity of a buffer with" +" this function:" +msgstr "如上所述，:c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` 可以指向实际内存块中的任意位置。输出者程序可以用该函数检查缓冲区的有效性。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:379 +msgid "" +"def verify_structure(memlen, itemsize, ndim, shape, strides, offset):\n" +" \"\"\"Verify that the parameters represent a valid array within\n" +" the bounds of the allocated memory:\n" +" char *mem: start of the physical memory block\n" +" memlen: length of the physical memory block\n" +" offset: (char *)buf - mem\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" if offset % itemsize:\n" +" return False\n" +" if offset < 0 or offset+itemsize > memlen:\n" +" return False\n" +" if any(v % itemsize for v in strides):\n" +" return False\n" +"\n" +" if ndim <= 0:\n" +" return ndim == 0 and not shape and not strides\n" +" if 0 in shape:\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +" imin = sum(strides[j]*(shape[j]-1) for j in range(ndim)\n" +" if strides[j] <= 0)\n" +" imax = sum(strides[j]*(shape[j]-1) for j in range(ndim)\n" +" if strides[j] > 0)\n" +"\n" +" return 0 <= offset+imin and offset+imax+itemsize <= memlen" +msgstr "" +"def verify_structure(memlen, itemsize, ndim, shape, strides, offset):\n" +" \"\"\"验证形参代表已分配内存范围内一个可用的数组：\n" +" char *mem: 物理内存块的起始\n" +" memlen: 物理内存块的长度\n" +" offset: (char *)buf - mem\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" if offset % itemsize:\n" +" return False\n" +" if offset < 0 or offset+itemsize > memlen:\n" +" return False\n" +" if any(v % itemsize for v in strides):\n" +" return False\n" +"\n" +" if ndim <= 0:\n" +" return ndim == 0 and not shape and not strides\n" +" if 0 in shape:\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +" imin = sum(strides[j]*(shape[j]-1) for j in range(ndim)\n" +" if strides[j] <= 0)\n" +" imax = sum(strides[j]*(shape[j]-1) for j in range(ndim)\n" +" if strides[j] > 0)\n" +"\n" +" return 0 <= offset+imin and offset+imax+itemsize <= memlen" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:409 +msgid "PIL-style: shape, strides and suboffsets" +msgstr "PIL-风格：形状，步幅和子偏移量" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:411 +msgid "" +"In addition to the regular items, PIL-style arrays can contain pointers that" +" must be followed in order to get to the next element in a dimension. For " +"example, the regular three-dimensional C-array ``char v[2][2][3]`` can also " +"be viewed as an array of 2 pointers to 2 two-dimensional arrays: ``char " +"(*v[2])[2][3]``. In suboffsets representation, those two pointers can be " +"embedded at the start of :c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf`, pointing to two ``char " +"x[2][3]`` arrays that can be located anywhere in memory." +msgstr "" +"除了常规项之外， PIL 风格的数组还可以包含指针，必须跟随这些指针才能到达维度的下一个元素。例如，常规的三维 C 语言数组 ``char " +"v[2][2][3]`` 可以看作是一个指向 2 个二维数组的 2 个指针：``char " +"(*v[2])[2][3]``。在子偏移表示中，这两个指针可以嵌入在 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` " +"的开头，指向两个可以位于内存任何位置的 ``char x[2][3]`` 数组。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Here is a function that returns a pointer to the element in an N-D array " +"pointed to by an N-dimensional index when there are both non-``NULL`` " +"strides and suboffsets::" +msgstr "这是一个函数，当n维索引所指向的N-D数组中有 ``NULL`` 步长和子偏移量时，它返回一个指针" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:424 +msgid "" +"void *get_item_pointer(int ndim, void *buf, Py_ssize_t *strides,\n" +" Py_ssize_t *suboffsets, Py_ssize_t *indices) {\n" +" char *pointer = (char*)buf;\n" +" int i;\n" +" for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++) {\n" +" pointer += strides[i] * indices[i];\n" +" if (suboffsets[i] >=0 ) {\n" +" pointer = *((char**)pointer) + suboffsets[i];\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" return (void*)pointer;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"void *get_item_pointer(int ndim, void *buf, Py_ssize_t *strides,\n" +" Py_ssize_t *suboffsets, Py_ssize_t *indices) {\n" +" char *pointer = (char*)buf;\n" +" int i;\n" +" for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++) {\n" +" pointer += strides[i] * indices[i];\n" +" if (suboffsets[i] >=0 ) {\n" +" pointer = *((char**)pointer) + suboffsets[i];\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" return (void*)pointer;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:439 +msgid "Buffer-related functions" +msgstr "缓冲区相关函数" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:443 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if *obj* supports the buffer interface otherwise ``0``. When " +"``1`` is returned, it doesn't guarantee that :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` " +"will succeed. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 支持缓冲区接口，则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 返回 ``1`` 时不保证 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 一定成功。本函数一定调用成功。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:450 +msgid "" +"Send a request to *exporter* to fill in *view* as specified by *flags*. If " +"the exporter cannot provide a buffer of the exact type, it MUST raise " +":exc:`BufferError`, set ``view->obj`` to ``NULL`` and return ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"向 *exporter* 发送请求以按照 *flags* 指定的内容填充 *view*。 如果 exporter 无法提供要求类型的缓冲区，则它必须引发" +" :exc:`BufferError`，将 ``view->obj`` 设为 ``NULL`` 并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:455 +msgid "" +"On success, fill in *view*, set ``view->obj`` to a new reference to " +"*exporter* and return 0. In the case of chained buffer providers that " +"redirect requests to a single object, ``view->obj`` MAY refer to this object" +" instead of *exporter* (See :ref:`Buffer Object Structures `)." +msgstr "" +"成功时，填充 *view*，将 ``view->obj`` 设为对 *exporter* 的新引用，并返回 0。 " +"当链式缓冲区提供程序将请求重定向到一个对象时，``view->obj`` 可以引用该对象而不是 *exporter* (参见 " +":ref:`缓冲区对象结构 `)。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Successful calls to :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` must be paired with calls " +"to :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`, similar to :c:func:`malloc` and " +":c:func:`free`. Thus, after the consumer is done with the buffer, " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` must be called exactly once." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 必须与 :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` 同时调用成功，类似于 " +":c:func:`malloc` 和 :c:func:`free`。因此，消费者程序用完缓冲区后， :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`" +" 必须保证被调用一次。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:468 +msgid "" +"Release the buffer *view* and release the :term:`strong reference` (i.e. " +"decrement the reference count) to the view's supporting object, " +"``view->obj``. This function MUST be called when the buffer is no longer " +"being used, otherwise reference leaks may occur." +msgstr "" +"释放缓冲区 *view* 并释放对视图的支持对象 ``view->obj`` 的 :term:`strong reference` (即递减引用计数)。" +" 该函数必须在缓冲区不再使用时调用，否则可能会发生引用泄漏。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:473 +msgid "" +"It is an error to call this function on a buffer that was not obtained via " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`." +msgstr "若该函数针对的缓冲区不是通过 :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 获得的，将会出错。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:479 +msgid "" +"Return the implied :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` from " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.format`. On error, raise an exception and return -1." +msgstr "" +"从 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.format` 返回隐含的 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize`。 " +"如果出错，则引发异常并返回 -1。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:487 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the memory defined by the *view* is C-style (*order* is " +"``'C'``) or Fortran-style (*order* is ``'F'``) :term:`contiguous` or either " +"one (*order* is ``'A'``). Return ``0`` otherwise. This function always " +"succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *view* 定义的内存是 C 风格（*order* 为 ``'C'``）或 Fortran 风格（*order* 为 ``'F'``） " +":term:`contiguous` 或其中之一（*order* 是 ``'A'``），则返回 ``1``。否则返回 ``0``。该函数总会成功。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Get the memory area pointed to by the *indices* inside the given *view*. " +"*indices* must point to an array of ``view->ndim`` indices." +msgstr "" +"获取给定 *view* 内的 *indices* 所指向的内存区域。*indices* 必须指向一个 ``view->ndim`` 索引的数组。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:500 +msgid "" +"Copy contiguous *len* bytes from *buf* to *view*. *fort* can be ``'C'`` or " +"``'F'`` (for C-style or Fortran-style ordering). ``0`` is returned on " +"success, ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +"从 *buf* 复制连续的 *len* 字节到 *view* 。*fort* 可以是 ``'C'`` 或 ``'F'`` （对应于 C 风格或 " +"Fortran 风格的顺序）。成功时返回 ``0`` ，错误时返回 ``-1`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Copy *len* bytes from *src* to its contiguous representation in *buf*. " +"*order* can be ``'C'`` or ``'F'`` or ``'A'`` (for C-style or Fortran-style " +"ordering or either one). ``0`` is returned on success, ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +"从 *src* 复制 *len* 字节到 *buf* ，成为连续字节串的形式。*order* 可以是 ``'C'`` 或 ``'F'`` 或 " +"``'A'`` （对应于 C 风格、Fortran 风格的顺序或其中任意一种）。成功时返回 ``0`` ，出错时返回 ``-1`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:511 +msgid "This function fails if *len* != *src->len*." +msgstr "如果 *len* != *src->len* 则此函数将报错。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Copy data from *src* to *dest* buffer. Can convert between C-style and or " +"Fortran-style buffers." +msgstr "将数据从 *src* 拷贝到 *dest* 缓冲区。 可以在 C 风格或 Fortran 风格的缓冲区之间进行转换。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:519 +msgid "``0`` is returned on success, ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:523 +msgid "" +"Fill the *strides* array with byte-strides of a :term:`contiguous` (C-style " +"if *order* is ``'C'`` or Fortran-style if *order* is ``'F'``) array of the " +"given shape with the given number of bytes per element." +msgstr "" +"用给定形状的 :term:`contiguous` 字节串数组 (如果 *order* 为 ``'C'`` 则为 C 风格，如果 *order* 为 " +"``'F'`` 则为 Fortran 风格) 来填充 *strides* 数组，每个元素具有给定的字节数。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Handle buffer requests for an exporter that wants to expose *buf* of size " +"*len* with writability set according to *readonly*. *buf* is interpreted as " +"a sequence of unsigned bytes." +msgstr "" +"处理导出程序的缓冲区请求，该导出程序要公开大小为 *len* 的 *buf* ，并根据 *readonly* 设置可写性。*bug* " +"被解释为一个无符号字节序列。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:534 +msgid "" +"The *flags* argument indicates the request type. This function always fills " +"in *view* as specified by flags, unless *buf* has been designated as read-" +"only and :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` is set in *flags*." +msgstr "" +"参数 *flags* 表示请求的类型。该函数总是按照 flag 指定的内容填入 *view*，除非 *buf* 设为只读，并且 *flag* 中设置了 " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` 标志。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:538 +msgid "" +"On success, set ``view->obj`` to a new reference to *exporter* and return 0." +" Otherwise, raise :exc:`BufferError`, set ``view->obj`` to ``NULL`` and " +"return ``-1``;" +msgstr "" +"成功时，将 ``view->obj`` 设为对 *exporter* 的新引用并返回 0。 否则，引发 :exc:`BufferError`，将 " +"``view->obj`` 设为 ``NULL`` 并返回 ``-1``；" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:542 +msgid "" +"If this function is used as part of a :ref:`getbufferproc `," +" *exporter* MUST be set to the exporting object and *flags* must be passed " +"unmodified. Otherwise, *exporter* MUST be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果此函数用作 :ref:`getbufferproc ` 的一部分，则 *exporter* " +"必须设置为导出对象，并且必须在未修改的情况下传递 *flags*。否则，*exporter* 必须是 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:3 +msgid "buffer protocol" +msgstr "缓冲协议" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:3 +msgid "buffer interface" +msgstr "缓冲接口" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:3 +msgid "(see buffer protocol)" +msgstr "(参见缓冲协议)" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:3 +msgid "buffer object" +msgstr "缓冲对象" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:32 +msgid "PyBufferProcs (C type)" +msgstr "PyBufferProcs (C 类型)" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:295 +msgid "contiguous" +msgstr "contiguous -- 连续" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:295 +msgid "C-contiguous" +msgstr "C 连续" + +#: ../../c-api/buffer.rst:295 +msgid "Fortran contiguous" +msgstr "Fortran 连续" diff --git a/c-api/bytearray.po b/c-api/bytearray.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..848830e09 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/bytearray.po @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 刘士 , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:6 +msgid "Byte Array Objects" +msgstr "字节数组对象" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python bytearray object." +msgstr "这个 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型表示一个 Python 字节数组对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python bytearray " +"type; it is the same object as :class:`bytearray` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"Python bytearray 类型表示为 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例；这与Python层面的 " +":class:`bytearray` 是相同的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:23 +msgid "Type check macros" +msgstr "类型检查宏" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Return true if the object *o* is a bytearray object or an instance of a " +"subtype of the bytearray type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 是一个 bytearray 对象或者 bytearray 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:33 +msgid "" +"Return true if the object *o* is a bytearray object, but not an instance of " +"a subtype of the bytearray type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 是一个 bytearray 对象但不是 bytearray 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:38 +msgid "Direct API functions" +msgstr "直接 API 函数" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Return a new bytearray object from any object, *o*, that implements the " +":ref:`buffer protocol `." +msgstr "根据任何实现了 :ref:`缓冲区协议` 的对象 *o*，返回一个新的字节数组对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:45 ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:52 +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:59 +msgid "On failure, return ``NULL`` with an exception set." +msgstr "当失败时，将返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:50 +msgid "Create a new bytearray object from *string* and its length, *len*." +msgstr "根据 *string* 和它的长度 *len* 新建一个字节数组对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Concat bytearrays *a* and *b* and return a new bytearray with the result." +msgstr "连接字节数组 *a* 和 *b* 并返回一个带有结果的新的字节数组。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:64 +msgid "Return the size of *bytearray* after checking for a ``NULL`` pointer." +msgstr "在检查 ``NULL`` 指针后返回 *bytearray* 的大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Return the contents of *bytearray* as a char array after checking for a " +"``NULL`` pointer. The returned array always has an extra null byte " +"appended." +msgstr "在检查 ``NULL`` 指针后返回将 *bytearray* 返回为一个字符数组。 返回的数组总是会附加一个额外的空字节。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:76 +msgid "Resize the internal buffer of *bytearray* to *len*." +msgstr "将 *bytearray* 的内部缓冲区的大小调整为 *len*。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:79 +msgid "Macros" +msgstr "宏" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:81 +msgid "These macros trade safety for speed and they don't check pointers." +msgstr "这些宏减低安全性以换取性能，它们不检查指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:85 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`PyByteArray_AsString`, but without error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyByteArray_AsString`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:90 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`PyByteArray_Size`, but without error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyByteArray_Size`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/bytearray.rst:8 +msgid "bytearray" +msgstr "bytearray" diff --git a/c-api/bytes.po b/c-api/bytes.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dce95d518 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/bytes.po @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# allenjuly7 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 8af080f2e6702c64bedd01873aed27e8_25aec74 , 2021 +# 昌伟 任 , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2023 +# dannyvi , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:6 +msgid "Bytes Objects" +msgstr "bytes 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:8 +msgid "" +"These functions raise :exc:`TypeError` when expecting a bytes parameter and " +"called with a non-bytes parameter." +msgstr "这些函数在期望附带一个字节串形参但却附带了一个非字节串形参被调用时会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:16 +msgid "This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python bytes object." +msgstr "这种 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型表示一个 Python 字节对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:21 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python bytes type; it" +" is the same object as :class:`bytes` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例代表一个 Python 字节类型，在 Python 层面它与 :class:`bytes` " +"是相同的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Return true if the object *o* is a bytes object or an instance of a subtype " +"of the bytes type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 是一个 bytes 对象或者 bytes 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:33 +msgid "" +"Return true if the object *o* is a bytes object, but not an instance of a " +"subtype of the bytes type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 是一个 bytes 对象但不是 bytes 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string *v* as value on success," +" and ``NULL`` on failure. The parameter *v* must not be ``NULL``; it will " +"not be checked." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回一个以字符串 *v* 的副本为值的新字节串对象，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 形参 *v* 不可为 ``NULL``；它不会被检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string *v* as value and length " +"*len* on success, and ``NULL`` on failure. If *v* is ``NULL``, the contents" +" of the bytes object are uninitialized." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回一个以字符串 *v* 的副本为值且长度为 *len* 的新字节串对象，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 如果 *v* 为 " +"``NULL``，则不初始化字节串对象的内容。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Take a C :c:func:`printf`\\ -style *format* string and a variable number of " +"arguments, calculate the size of the resulting Python bytes object and " +"return a bytes object with the values formatted into it. The variable " +"arguments must be C types and must correspond exactly to the format " +"characters in the *format* string. The following format characters are " +"allowed:" +msgstr "" +"接受一个 C :c:func:`printf` 风格的 *format* 字符串和可变数量的参数，计算结果 Python " +"字节串对象的大小并返回参数值经格式化后的字节串对象。 可变数量的参数必须均为 C 类型并且必须恰好与 *format* 字符串中的格式字符相对应。 " +"允许使用下列格式字符串:" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:65 +msgid "Format Characters" +msgstr "格式字符" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:65 +msgid "Type" +msgstr "类型" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:65 +msgid "Comment" +msgstr "注释" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:67 +msgid "``%%``" +msgstr "``%%``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:67 +msgid "*n/a*" +msgstr "*不适用*" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:67 +msgid "The literal % character." +msgstr "文字%字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:69 +msgid "``%c``" +msgstr "``%c``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:69 ../../c-api/bytes.rst:72 ../../c-api/bytes.rst:90 +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:93 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:69 +msgid "A single byte, represented as a C int." +msgstr "一个字节，被表示为一个 C 语言的整型" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:72 +msgid "``%d``" +msgstr "``%d``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:72 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%d\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%d\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:75 +msgid "``%u``" +msgstr "``%u``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:75 +msgid "unsigned int" +msgstr "unsigned int" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:75 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%u\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%u\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:78 +msgid "``%ld``" +msgstr "``%ld``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:78 +msgid "long" +msgstr "长整型" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:78 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%ld\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%ld\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:81 +msgid "``%lu``" +msgstr "``%lu``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:81 +msgid "unsigned long" +msgstr "unsigned long" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:81 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%lu\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%lu\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:84 +msgid "``%zd``" +msgstr "``%zd``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:84 +msgid ":c:type:`\\ Py_ssize_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`\\ Py_ssize_t`" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:84 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%zd\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%zd\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:87 +msgid "``%zu``" +msgstr "``%zu``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:87 +msgid "size_t" +msgstr "size_t" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:87 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%zu\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%zu\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:90 +msgid "``%i``" +msgstr "``%i``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:90 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%i\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%i\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:93 +msgid "``%x``" +msgstr "``%x``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:93 +msgid "Equivalent to ``printf(\"%x\")``. [1]_" +msgstr "相当于 ``printf(\"%x\")``. [1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:96 +msgid "``%s``" +msgstr "``%s``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:96 +msgid "const char\\*" +msgstr "const char\\*" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:96 +msgid "A null-terminated C character array." +msgstr "以 null 为终止符的 C 字符数组。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:99 +msgid "``%p``" +msgstr "``%p``" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:99 +msgid "const void\\*" +msgstr "const void\\*" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:99 +msgid "" +"The hex representation of a C pointer. Mostly equivalent to " +"``printf(\"%p\")`` except that it is guaranteed to start with the literal " +"``0x`` regardless of what the platform's ``printf`` yields." +msgstr "" +"一个 C 指针的十六进制表示形式。 基本等价于 ``printf(\"%p\")`` 但它会确保以字面值 ``0x`` 开头，不论系统平台上 " +"``printf`` 的输出是什么。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:108 +msgid "" +"An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of the format string to" +" be copied as-is to the result object, and any extra arguments discarded." +msgstr "无法识别的格式字符会导致将格式字符串的其余所有内容原样复制到结果对象，并丢弃所有多余的参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:111 +msgid "" +"For integer specifiers (d, u, ld, lu, zd, zu, i, x): the 0-conversion flag " +"has effect even when a precision is given." +msgstr "对于整数说明符（d，u，ld，lu，zd，zu，i，x）：当给出精度时，0 转换标志是有效的。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Identical to :c:func:`PyBytes_FromFormat` except that it takes exactly two " +"arguments." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyBytes_FromFormat` 完全相同，除了它需要两个参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Return the bytes representation of object *o* that implements the buffer " +"protocol." +msgstr "返回字节表示实现缓冲区协议的对象*o*。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:129 +msgid "Return the length of the bytes in bytes object *o*." +msgstr "返回字节对象*o*中字节的长度。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:134 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`PyBytes_Size`, but without error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyBytes_Size`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to the contents of *o*. The pointer refers to the internal" +" buffer of *o*, which consists of ``len(o) + 1`` bytes. The last byte in " +"the buffer is always null, regardless of whether there are any other null " +"bytes. The data must not be modified in any way, unless the object was just" +" created using ``PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)``. It must not be " +"deallocated. If *o* is not a bytes object at all, " +":c:func:`PyBytes_AsString` returns ``NULL`` and raises :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"返回对应 *o* 的内容的指针。 该指针指向 *o* 的内部缓冲区，其中包含 ``len(o) + 1`` 个字节。 " +"缓冲区的最后一个字节总是为空，不论是否存在其他空字节。 该数据不可通过任何形式来修改，除非是刚使用 " +"``PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)`` 创建该对象。 它不可被撤销分配。 如果 *o* " +"根本不是一个字节串对象，则 :c:func:`PyBytes_AsString` 将返回 ``NULL`` 并引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:151 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`PyBytes_AsString`, but without error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyBytes_AsString`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Return the null-terminated contents of the object *obj* through the output " +"variables *buffer* and *length*. Returns ``0`` on success." +msgstr "通过输出变量 *buffer* 和 *length* 返回对象 *obj* 以空值作为结束的内容。 成功时返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:160 +msgid "" +"If *length* is ``NULL``, the bytes object may not contain embedded null " +"bytes; if it does, the function returns ``-1`` and a :exc:`ValueError` is " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"如果 *length* 为 ``NULL``，字节串对象就不包含嵌入的空字节；如果包含，则该函数将返回 ``-1`` 并引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:164 +msgid "" +"The buffer refers to an internal buffer of *obj*, which includes an " +"additional null byte at the end (not counted in *length*). The data must " +"not be modified in any way, unless the object was just created using " +"``PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)``. It must not be deallocated. If " +"*obj* is not a bytes object at all, :c:func:`PyBytes_AsStringAndSize` " +"returns ``-1`` and raises :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"该缓冲区指向 *obj* 的内部缓冲，它的末尾包含一个额外的空字节（不算在 *length* 当中）。 该数据不可通过任何方式来修改，除非是刚使用 " +"``PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)`` 创建该对象。 它不可被撤销分配。 如果 *obj* " +"根本不是一个字节串对象，则 :c:func:`PyBytes_AsStringAndSize` 将返回 ``-1`` 并引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Previously, :exc:`TypeError` was raised when embedded null bytes were " +"encountered in the bytes object." +msgstr "以前，当字节串对象中出现嵌入的空字节时将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Create a new bytes object in *\\*bytes* containing the contents of *newpart*" +" appended to *bytes*; the caller will own the new reference. The reference " +"to the old value of *bytes* will be stolen. If the new object cannot be " +"created, the old reference to *bytes* will still be discarded and the value " +"of *\\*bytes* will be set to ``NULL``; the appropriate exception will be " +"set." +msgstr "" +"在 *\\*bytes* 中创建新的字节串对象，其中包含添加到 *bytes* 的 *newpart* 的内容；调用者将获得新的引用。 对 " +"*bytes* 原值的引用将被收回。 如果无法创建新对象，对 *bytes* 的旧引用仍将被丢弃且 *\\*bytes* 的值将被设为 " +"``NULL``；并将设置适当的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Create a new bytes object in *\\*bytes* containing the contents of *newpart*" +" appended to *bytes*. This version releases the :term:`strong reference` to" +" *newpart* (i.e. decrements its reference count)." +msgstr "" +"在 *\\*bytes* 中创建一个新的字节串对象，其中包含添加到 *bytes* 的 *newpart* 的内容。 此版本将释放对 *newpart*" +" 的 :term:`strong reference` (即递减其引用计数)。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Resize a bytes object. *newsize* will be the new length of the bytes object." +" You can think of it as creating a new bytes object and destroying the old " +"one, only more efficiently. Pass the address of an existing bytes object as " +"an lvalue (it may be written into), and the new size desired. On success, " +"*\\*bytes* holds the resized bytes object and ``0`` is returned; the address" +" in *\\*bytes* may differ from its input value. If the reallocation fails, " +"the original bytes object at *\\*bytes* is deallocated, *\\*bytes* is set to" +" ``NULL``, :exc:`MemoryError` is set, and ``-1`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"改变字节串对象的大小。 *newsize* 将为字节串对象的新长度。 你可以将它当作是创建一个新的字节串对象并销毁旧的对象，但是更为高效。 " +"传入一个现有字节串对象的地址作为 lvalue（它可以被写入），以及想要的新大小。 当成功时，*\\*bytes* 将存放改变大小后的字节串对象并返回 " +"``0``；*\\*bytes* 中的地址可能与其输入值不同。 如果重新分配失败，则位于 *\\*bytes* " +"的原始字节串对象将被释放，*\\*bytes* 将被设为 ``NULL``，同时设置 :exc:`MemoryError`，然后返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:11 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/bytes.rst:11 +msgid "bytes" +msgstr "字节串" diff --git a/c-api/call.po b/c-api/call.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9249df96f --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/call.po @@ -0,0 +1,647 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zxilly Chou , 2024 +# 稀饭~~ , 2024 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2024 +# Jiuh.star , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# helloworldSB , 2024 +# Yi Cao <1783250036@qq.com>, 2024 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:6 +msgid "Call Protocol" +msgstr "调用协议" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:8 +msgid "" +"CPython supports two different calling protocols: *tp_call* and vectorcall." +msgstr "CPython 支持两种不同的调用协议：*tp_call* 和矢量调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:12 +msgid "The *tp_call* Protocol" +msgstr "*tp_call* 协议" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Instances of classes that set :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` are " +"callable. The signature of the slot is::" +msgstr "设置 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 的类的实例都是可调用的。 槽位的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:17 +msgid "" +"PyObject *tp_call(PyObject *callable, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *tp_call(PyObject *callable, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:19 +msgid "" +"A call is made using a tuple for the positional arguments and a dict for the" +" keyword arguments, similarly to ``callable(*args, **kwargs)`` in Python " +"code. *args* must be non-NULL (use an empty tuple if there are no arguments)" +" but *kwargs* may be *NULL* if there are no keyword arguments." +msgstr "" +"一个调用是用一个元组表示位置参数，用一个dict表示关键字参数，类似于Python代码中的 ``callable(*args, " +"**kwargs)``。*args*必须是非空的（如果没有参数，会使用一个空元组），但如果没有关键字参数，*kwargs*可以是*NULL*。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:25 +msgid "" +"This convention is not only used by *tp_call*: " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` also " +"pass arguments this way." +msgstr "" +"这个约定不仅被*tp_call*使用： :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 也这样传递参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:29 +msgid "" +"To call an object, use :c:func:`PyObject_Call` or another :ref:`call API " +"`." +msgstr "要调用一个对象，请使用 :c:func:`PyObject_Call` 或者其他的 :ref:`调用 API `。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:36 +msgid "The Vectorcall Protocol" +msgstr "Vectorcall 协议" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:40 +msgid "" +"The vectorcall protocol was introduced in :pep:`590` as an additional " +"protocol for making calls more efficient." +msgstr "vectorcall 协议是在 :pep:`590` 被引入的，它是使调用函数更加有效的附加协议。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:43 +msgid "" +"As rule of thumb, CPython will prefer the vectorcall for internal calls if " +"the callable supports it. However, this is not a hard rule. Additionally, " +"some third-party extensions use *tp_call* directly (rather than using " +":c:func:`PyObject_Call`). Therefore, a class supporting vectorcall must also" +" implement :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`. Moreover, the callable must " +"behave the same regardless of which protocol is used. The recommended way to" +" achieve this is by setting :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` to " +":c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call`. This bears repeating:" +msgstr "" +"作为经验法则，如果可调用程序支持 vectorcall，CPython 会更倾向于内联调用。 然而，这并不是一个硬性规定。 此外，一些第三方扩展直接使用" +" *tp_call* (而不是使用 :c:func:`PyObject_Call`)。 因此，一个支持 vectorcall 的类也必须实现 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`。 此外，无论使用哪种协议，可调对象的行为都必须是相同的。 推荐的方法是将 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 设置为 :c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call`。值得一提的是:" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:57 +msgid "" +"A class supporting vectorcall **must** also implement " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` with the same semantics." +msgstr "" +"一个支持 Vectorcall 的类 **必须** 也实现具有相同语义的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:62 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` flag is now removed from a class " +"when the class's :py:meth:`~object.__call__` method is reassigned. (This " +"internally sets :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` only, and thus may make it" +" behave differently than the vectorcall function.) In earlier Python " +"versions, vectorcall should only be used with :c:macro:`immutable " +"` or static types." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 旗标在类的 :py:meth:`~object.__call__` " +"方法被重新赋值时将会从类中移除。 （这将仅在内部设置 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`，因此可能使其行为不同于 " +"vectorcall 函数。） 在更早的 Python 版本中，vectorcall 应当仅被用于 :c:macro:`不可变对象 " +"` 或静态类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:69 +msgid "" +"A class should not implement vectorcall if that would be slower than " +"*tp_call*. For example, if the callee needs to convert the arguments to an " +"args tuple and kwargs dict anyway, then there is no point in implementing " +"vectorcall." +msgstr "" +"如果一个类的vectorcall比*tp_call*慢，就不应该实现vectorcall。例如，如果被调用者需要将参数转换为args 元组和kwargs" +" dict，那么实现vectorcall就没有意义。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Classes can implement the vectorcall protocol by enabling the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` flag and setting " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` to the offset inside the " +"object structure where a *vectorcallfunc* appears. This is a pointer to a " +"function with the following signature:" +msgstr "" +"类可以通过启用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 旗标并将 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` 设为对象结构体中 *vectorcallfunc* " +"出现位置偏移量来实现 vectorcall 协议。 这是一个指向具有以下签名的函数的指针:" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:82 +msgid "*callable* is the object being called." +msgstr "*callable* 是指被调用的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:83 +msgid "" +"*args* is a C array consisting of the positional arguments followed by the" +msgstr "*args* 是一个C语言数组，由位置参数和后面的" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:84 +msgid "" +"values of the keyword arguments. This can be *NULL* if there are no " +"arguments." +msgstr "关键字参数的值。如果没有参数，这个值可以是 *NULL* 。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:86 +msgid "*nargsf* is the number of positional arguments plus possibly the" +msgstr "*nargsf* 是位置参数的数量加上可能的" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:87 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET` flag. To get the actual number of " +"positional arguments from *nargsf*, use :c:func:`PyVectorcall_NARGS`." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET` 旗标。 要从 *nargsf* 获得位置参数的实际数量，请使用 " +":c:func:`PyVectorcall_NARGS`。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:90 +msgid "*kwnames* is a tuple containing the names of the keyword arguments;" +msgstr "*kwnames* 是一包含所有关键字名称的元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:91 +msgid "" +"in other words, the keys of the kwargs dict. These names must be strings " +"(instances of ``str`` or a subclass) and they must be unique. If there are " +"no keyword arguments, then *kwnames* can instead be *NULL*." +msgstr "" +"换句话说，就是 kwargs 字典的键。 这些名字必须是字符串 (``str`` 或其子类的实例)，并且它们必须是唯一的。 如果没有关键字参数，那么 " +"*kwnames* 可以用 *NULL* 代替。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:98 +msgid "" +"If this flag is set in a vectorcall *nargsf* argument, the callee is allowed" +" to temporarily change ``args[-1]``. In other words, *args* points to " +"argument 1 (not 0) in the allocated vector. The callee must restore the " +"value of ``args[-1]`` before returning." +msgstr "" +"如果在 vectorcall 的 *nargsf* 参数中设置了此标志，则允许被调用者临时更改 ``args[-1]`` 的值。换句话说， *args*" +" 指向分配向量中的参数 1（不是 0 ）。被调用方必须在返回之前还原 ``args[-1]`` 的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:103 +msgid "" +"For :c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallMethod`, this flag means instead that " +"``args[0]`` may be changed." +msgstr "对于 :c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallMethod` ，这个标志的改变意味着 ``args[0]`` 可能改变了。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Whenever they can do so cheaply (without additional allocation), callers are" +" encouraged to use :c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`. Doing so will " +"allow callables such as bound methods to make their onward calls (which " +"include a prepended *self* argument) very efficiently." +msgstr "" +"只要调用方能以低代价（不额外分配内存）这样做，就推荐使用 :c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`。 " +"这样做将允许诸如绑定方法之类的可调用对象非常高效地执行前向调用（这种调用将包括一个加在开头的 *self* 参数）。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:113 +msgid "" +"To call an object that implements vectorcall, use a :ref:`call API ` function as with any other callable. :c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall` " +"will usually be most efficient." +msgstr "" +"要调用一个实现了 vectorcall 的对象，请使用某个 :ref:`call API` 函数，就像其他可调对象一样。 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall` 通常是最有效的。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:119 +msgid "Recursion Control" +msgstr "递归控制" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:121 +msgid "" +"When using *tp_call*, callees do not need to worry about :ref:`recursion " +"`: CPython uses :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall` and " +":c:func:`Py_LeaveRecursiveCall` for calls made using *tp_call*." +msgstr "" +"在使用 *tp_call* 时，被调用者不必担心 :ref:`递归 `: CPython 对于使用 *tp_call* " +"进行的调用会使用 :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall` 和 :c:func:`Py_LeaveRecursiveCall`。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:126 +msgid "" +"For efficiency, this is not the case for calls done using vectorcall: the " +"callee should use *Py_EnterRecursiveCall* and *Py_LeaveRecursiveCall* if " +"needed." +msgstr "" +"为保证效率，这不适用于使用 vectorcall 的调用：被调用方在需要时应当使用 *Py_EnterRecursiveCall* 和 " +"*Py_LeaveRecursiveCall*。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:132 +msgid "Vectorcall Support API" +msgstr "Vectorcall 支持 API" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Given a vectorcall *nargsf* argument, return the actual number of arguments." +" Currently equivalent to::" +msgstr "给定一个 vectorcall *nargsf* 实参，返回参数的实际数量。 目前等同于::" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:140 +msgid "(Py_ssize_t)(nargsf & ~PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET)" +msgstr "(Py_ssize_t)(nargsf & ~PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET)" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:142 +msgid "" +"However, the function ``PyVectorcall_NARGS`` should be used to allow for " +"future extensions." +msgstr "然而，应使用 ``PyVectorcall_NARGS`` 函数以便将来扩展。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:149 +msgid "" +"If *op* does not support the vectorcall protocol (either because the type " +"does not or because the specific instance does not), return *NULL*. " +"Otherwise, return the vectorcall function pointer stored in *op*. This " +"function never raises an exception." +msgstr "" +"如果*op*不支持vectorcall协议（要么是因为类型不支持，要么是因为具体实例不支持），返回*NULL*。否则，返回存储在*op*中的vectorcall函数指针。这个函数从不触发异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:154 +msgid "" +"This is mostly useful to check whether or not *op* supports vectorcall, " +"which can be done by checking ``PyVectorcall_Function(op) != NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这在检查 *op* 是否支持 vectorcall 时最有用处，可以通过检查 ``PyVectorcall_Function(op) != NULL``" +" 来实现。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Call *callable*'s :c:type:`vectorcallfunc` with positional and keyword " +"arguments given in a tuple and dict, respectively." +msgstr "调用*可调对象*的 :c:type:`vectorcallfunc`，其位置参数和关键字参数分别以元组和dict形式给出。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:164 +msgid "" +"This is a specialized function, intended to be put in the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` slot or be used in an implementation of " +"``tp_call``. It does not check the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` " +"flag and it does not fall back to ``tp_call``." +msgstr "" +"这是一个专用函数，用于放入 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 槽位或是用于 ``tp_call`` 的实现。 " +"它不会检查 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 旗标并且它也不会回退到 ``tp_call``。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:175 +msgid "Object Calling API" +msgstr "调用对象的 API" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Various functions are available for calling a Python object. Each converts " +"its arguments to a convention supported by the called object – either " +"*tp_call* or vectorcall. In order to do as little conversion as possible, " +"pick one that best fits the format of data you have available." +msgstr "" +"有多个函数可被用来调用 Python 对象。 各个函数会将其参数转换为被调用对象所支持的惯例 – 可以是 *tp_call* 或 vectorcall。" +" 为了尽可能少地进行转换，请选择一个适合你所拥有的数据格式的函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:183 +msgid "" +"The following table summarizes the available functions; please see " +"individual documentation for details." +msgstr "下表总结了可用的功能； 请参阅各个文档以了解详细信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:187 +msgid "Function" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:187 +msgid "callable" +msgstr "callable -- 可调用对象" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:187 +msgid "args" +msgstr "args" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:187 +msgid "kwargs" +msgstr "kwargs" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:189 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Call`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Call`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:189 ../../c-api/call.rst:191 ../../c-api/call.rst:193 +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:195 ../../c-api/call.rst:197 ../../c-api/call.rst:201 +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:209 ../../c-api/call.rst:211 +msgid "``PyObject *``" +msgstr "``PyObject *``" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:189 +msgid "tuple" +msgstr "元组" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:189 ../../c-api/call.rst:211 +msgid "dict/``NULL``" +msgstr "dict/``NULL``" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:191 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:191 ../../c-api/call.rst:193 ../../c-api/call.rst:195 +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:197 ../../c-api/call.rst:199 ../../c-api/call.rst:201 +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:203 ../../c-api/call.rst:205 ../../c-api/call.rst:207 +msgid "---" +msgstr "---" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:193 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallOneArg`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallOneArg`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:193 ../../c-api/call.rst:207 +msgid "1 object" +msgstr "1个对象" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:195 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:195 +msgid "tuple/``NULL``" +msgstr "元组/``NULL``" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:197 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:197 ../../c-api/call.rst:199 +msgid "format" +msgstr "format" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:199 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:199 +msgid "obj + ``char*``" +msgstr "对象 + ``char*``" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:201 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:201 ../../c-api/call.rst:203 +msgid "variadic" +msgstr "可变参数" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:203 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:203 ../../c-api/call.rst:205 ../../c-api/call.rst:207 +msgid "obj + name" +msgstr "对象 + 名称" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:205 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:207 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodOneArg`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodOneArg`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:209 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:209 ../../c-api/call.rst:211 ../../c-api/call.rst:213 +msgid "vectorcall" +msgstr "vectorcall" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:211 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallDict`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallDict`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:213 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallMethod`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallMethod`" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:213 +msgid "arg + name" +msgstr "参数 + 名称" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Call a callable Python object *callable*, with arguments given by the tuple " +"*args*, and named arguments given by the dictionary *kwargs*." +msgstr "" +"调用一个可调用的 Python 对象 *callable*，附带由元组 *args* 所给出的参数，以及由字典 *kwargs* 所给出的关键字参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:222 +msgid "" +"*args* must not be *NULL*; use an empty tuple if no arguments are needed. If" +" no named arguments are needed, *kwargs* can be *NULL*." +msgstr "*args* 必须不为 *NULL*；如果不想要参数请使用一个空元组。 如果不想要关键字参数，则 *kwargs* 可以为 *NULL*。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:225 ../../c-api/call.rst:237 ../../c-api/call.rst:248 +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:259 ../../c-api/call.rst:271 ../../c-api/call.rst:291 +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:310 ../../c-api/call.rst:324 ../../c-api/call.rst:333 +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:345 ../../c-api/call.rst:358 ../../c-api/call.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return " +"*NULL* on failure." +msgstr "成功时返回结果，在失败时抛出一个异常并返回 *NULL*。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:228 +msgid "" +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression: ``callable(*args, " +"**kwargs)``." +msgstr "这等价于 Python 表达式 ``callable(*args, **kwargs)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Call a callable Python object *callable* without any arguments. It is the " +"most efficient way to call a callable Python object without any argument." +msgstr "调用一个可调用的 Python 对象 *callable* 并不附带任何参数。 这是不带参数调用 Python 可调用对象的最有效方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Call a callable Python object *callable* with exactly 1 positional argument " +"*arg* and no keyword arguments." +msgstr "调用一个可调用的 Python 对象 *callable* 并附带恰好 1 个位置参数 *arg* 而没有关键字参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Call a callable Python object *callable*, with arguments given by the tuple " +"*args*. If no arguments are needed, then *args* can be *NULL*." +msgstr "" +"调用一个可调用的 Python 对象 *callable*，附带由元组 *args* 所给出的参数。 如果不想要传入参数，则 *args* 可以为 " +"*NULL*。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:262 ../../c-api/call.rst:274 +msgid "This is the equivalent of the Python expression: ``callable(*args)``." +msgstr "这等价于 Python 表达式 ``callable(*args)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Call a callable Python object *callable*, with a variable number of C " +"arguments. The C arguments are described using a :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` " +"style format string. The format can be *NULL*, indicating that no arguments" +" are provided." +msgstr "" +"调用一个可调用的 Python 对象 *callable*，附带可变数量的 C 参数。 这些 C 参数使用 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 风格的格式字符串来描述。 format 可以为 *NULL*，表示没有提供任何参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Note that if you only pass :c:expr:`PyObject *` args, " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs` is a faster alternative." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果你只传入 :c:expr:`PyObject *` 参数，则 :c:func:`PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs` " +"是更快速的选择。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:279 +msgid "The type of *format* was changed from ``char *``." +msgstr "这个 *format* 类型已从 ``char *`` 更改。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Call the method named *name* of object *obj* with a variable number of C " +"arguments. The C arguments are described by a :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` " +"format string that should produce a tuple." +msgstr "" +"调用 *obj* 对象中名为 *name* 的方法并附带可变数量的 C 参数。 这些 C 参数由 :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` " +"格式字符串来描述并应当生成一个元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:289 +msgid "The format can be *NULL*, indicating that no arguments are provided." +msgstr "格式可以为 *NULL* ，表示未提供任何参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:294 +msgid "" +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression: ``obj.name(arg1, arg2, " +"...)``." +msgstr "这和Python表达式 ``obj.name(arg1, arg2, ...)`` 是一样的。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Note that if you only pass :c:expr:`PyObject *` args, " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs` is a faster alternative." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果你只传入 :c:expr:`PyObject *` 参数，则 :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs` " +"是更快速的选择。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:300 +msgid "The types of *name* and *format* were changed from ``char *``." +msgstr " *name* 和 *format* 类型已从 ``char *`` 更改。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Call a callable Python object *callable*, with a variable number of " +":c:expr:`PyObject *` arguments. The arguments are provided as a variable " +"number of parameters followed by *NULL*." +msgstr "" +"调用一个 Python 可调用对象 *callable*，附带可变数量的 :c:expr:`PyObject *` 参数。 " +"这些参数以可变数量的形参的形式提供并以 *NULL* 结尾。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:313 +msgid "" +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression: ``callable(arg1, arg2, " +"...)``." +msgstr "这和Python表达式 ``callable(arg1, arg2, ...)`` 是一样的。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Call a method of the Python object *obj*, where the name of the method is " +"given as a Python string object in *name*. It is called with a variable " +"number of :c:expr:`PyObject *` arguments. The arguments are provided as a " +"variable number of parameters followed by *NULL*." +msgstr "" +"调用 Python 对象 *obj* 中的一个方，其中方法名称由 *name* 中的 Python 字符串对象给出。 它将附带可变数量的 " +":c:expr:`PyObject *` 参数被调用。 这些参数以可变数量的形参的形式提供并以 *NULL* 结尾。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:330 +msgid "" +"Call a method of the Python object *obj* without arguments, where the name " +"of the method is given as a Python string object in *name*." +msgstr "调用 Python 对象 *obj* 中的一个方法并不附带任何参数，其中方法名称由 *name* 中的 Python 字符串对象给出。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Call a method of the Python object *obj* with a single positional argument " +"*arg*, where the name of the method is given as a Python string object in " +"*name*." +msgstr "" +"调用 Python 对象 *obj* 中的一个方法并附带单个位置参数 *arg*，其中方法名称由 *name* 中的 Python 字符串对象给出。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:353 +msgid "" +"Call a callable Python object *callable*. The arguments are the same as for " +":c:type:`vectorcallfunc`. If *callable* supports vectorcall_, this directly " +"calls the vectorcall function stored in *callable*." +msgstr "" +"调用一个可调用的 Python 对象 *callable*。 附带的参数与 :c:type:`vectorcallfunc` 相同。 如果 " +"*callable* 支持 vectorcall_，则它会直接调用存放在 *callable* 中的 vectorcall 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:365 +msgid "" +"Call *callable* with positional arguments passed exactly as in the " +"vectorcall_ protocol, but with keyword arguments passed as a dictionary " +"*kwdict*. The *args* array contains only the positional arguments." +msgstr "" +"调用 *callable* 并附带与在 vectorcall_ 协议中传入的完全相同的位置参数，但会加上以字典 *kwdict* 形式传入的关键字参数。" +" *args* 数组将只包含位置参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Regardless of which protocol is used internally, a conversion of arguments " +"needs to be done. Therefore, this function should only be used if the caller" +" already has a dictionary ready to use for the keyword arguments, but not a " +"tuple for the positional arguments." +msgstr "" +"无论在内部使用哪种协议，都需要进行参数的转换。 因此，此函数应当仅在调用方已经拥有作为关键字参数的字典，但没有作为位置参数的元组时才被使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Call a method using the vectorcall calling convention. The name of the " +"method is given as a Python string *name*. The object whose method is called" +" is *args[0]*, and the *args* array starting at *args[1]* represents the " +"arguments of the call. There must be at least one positional argument. " +"*nargsf* is the number of positional arguments including *args[0]*, plus " +":c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET` if the value of ``args[0]`` may " +"temporarily be changed. Keyword arguments can be passed just like in " +":c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall`." +msgstr "" +"使用 vectorcall 调用惯例来调用一个方法。 方法的名称以 Python 字符串 *name* 的形式给出。 调用方法的对象为 " +"*args[0]*，而 *args* 数组从 *args[1]* 开始的部分则代表调用的参数。 必须传入至少一个位置参数。 *nargsf* 为包括 " +"*args[0]* 在内的位置参数的数量，如果 ``args[0]`` 的值可能被临时改变则还要加上 " +":c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`。 关键字参数可以像在 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall` 中那样传入。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:388 +msgid "" +"If the object has the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR` feature, this " +"will call the unbound method object with the full *args* vector as " +"arguments." +msgstr "" +"如果对象具有 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR` 特性，此函数将调用未绑定的方法对象并传入完整的 " +"*args* vector 作为参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:399 +msgid "Call Support API" +msgstr "调用支持 API" + +#: ../../c-api/call.rst:403 +msgid "" +"Determine if the object *o* is callable. Return ``1`` if the object is " +"callable and ``0`` otherwise. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "确定对象 *o* 是可调对象。如果对象是可调对象则返回 ``1`` ，其他情况返回 ``0`` 。这个函数不会调用失败。" diff --git a/c-api/capsule.po b/c-api/capsule.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3828613e --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/capsule.po @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Trim21 , 2024 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:6 +msgid "Capsules" +msgstr "Capsule 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Refer to :ref:`using-capsules` for more information on using these objects." +msgstr "有关使用这些对象的更多信息请参阅 :ref:`using-capsules`。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:17 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents an opaque value, useful for C " +"extension modules who need to pass an opaque value (as a :c:expr:`void*` " +"pointer) through Python code to other C code. It is often used to make a C " +"function pointer defined in one module available to other modules, so the " +"regular import mechanism can be used to access C APIs defined in dynamically" +" loaded modules." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型代表一个隐藏的值，适用于需要将隐藏值（作为 :c:expr:`void*` 指针）通过 Python" +" 代码传递到其他 C 代码的 C 扩展模块。 它常常被用来让在一个模块中定义的 C " +"函数指针在其他模块中可用，这样就可以使用常规导入机制来访问在动态加载的模块中定义的 C API。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:27 +msgid "The type of a destructor callback for a capsule. Defined as::" +msgstr "Capsule 的析构器回调的类型。 定义如下：" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:29 +msgid "typedef void (*PyCapsule_Destructor)(PyObject *);" +msgstr "typedef void (*PyCapsule_Destructor)(PyObject *);" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:31 +msgid "" +"See :c:func:`PyCapsule_New` for the semantics of PyCapsule_Destructor " +"callbacks." +msgstr "参阅 :c:func:`PyCapsule_New` 来获取 PyCapsule_Destructor 返回值的语义。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyCapsule`. This function always " +"succeeds." +msgstr "如果参数是一个 :c:type:`PyCapsule` 则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Create a :c:type:`PyCapsule` encapsulating the *pointer*. The *pointer* " +"argument may not be ``NULL``." +msgstr "创建一个封装了 *pointer* 的 :c:type:`PyCapsule`。 *pointer* 参考可以不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:46 +msgid "On failure, set an exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "在失败时设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The *name* string may either be ``NULL`` or a pointer to a valid C string. " +"If non-``NULL``, this string must outlive the capsule. (Though it is " +"permitted to free it inside the *destructor*.)" +msgstr "" +"字符串 *name* 可以是 ``NULL`` 或是一个指向有效的 C 字符串的指针。 如果不为 ``NULL``，则此字符串必须比 capsule " +"长（虽然也允许在 *destructor* 中释放它。）" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:52 +msgid "" +"If the *destructor* argument is not ``NULL``, it will be called with the " +"capsule as its argument when it is destroyed." +msgstr "如果 *destructor* 参数不为 ``NULL``，则当它被销毁时将附带 capsule 作为参数来调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:55 +msgid "" +"If this capsule will be stored as an attribute of a module, the *name* " +"should be specified as ``modulename.attributename``. This will enable other" +" modules to import the capsule using :c:func:`PyCapsule_Import`." +msgstr "" +"如果此 capsule 将被保存为一个模块的属性，则 *name* 应当被指定为 ``modulename.attributename``。 " +"这将允许其他模块使用 :c:func:`PyCapsule_Import` 来导入此 capsule。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Retrieve the *pointer* stored in the capsule. On failure, set an exception " +"and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "提取保存在 capsule 中的 *pointer*。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The *name* parameter must compare exactly to the name stored in the capsule." +" If the name stored in the capsule is ``NULL``, the *name* passed in must " +"also be ``NULL``. Python uses the C function :c:func:`!strcmp` to compare " +"capsule names." +msgstr "" +"*name* 参数必须与 capsule 中存储的名称完全一致。 如果存储在 capsule 中的名称是 ``NULL`` ，传入的 *name* " +"也必须是 ``NULL``。 Python 使用 C 函数 :c:func:`!strcmp` 来比较 capsule 名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Return the current destructor stored in the capsule. On failure, set an " +"exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "返回保存在 capsule 中的当前析构器。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:76 +msgid "" +"It is legal for a capsule to have a ``NULL`` destructor. This makes a " +"``NULL`` return code somewhat ambiguous; use :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` or " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate." +msgstr "" +"capsule 具有 ``NULL`` 析构器是合法的。 这会使得 ``NULL`` 返回码有些歧义；请使用 " +":c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` 或 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来消除歧义。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Return the current context stored in the capsule. On failure, set an " +"exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "返回保存在 capsule 中的当前上下文。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:86 +msgid "" +"It is legal for a capsule to have a ``NULL`` context. This makes a ``NULL``" +" return code somewhat ambiguous; use :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` or " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate." +msgstr "" +"capsule 具有 ``NULL`` 上下文是全法的。 这会使得 ``NULL`` 返回码有些歧义；请使用 " +":c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` 或 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来消除歧义。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Return the current name stored in the capsule. On failure, set an exception" +" and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "返回保存在 capsule 中的当前名称。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:96 +msgid "" +"It is legal for a capsule to have a ``NULL`` name. This makes a ``NULL`` " +"return code somewhat ambiguous; use :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` or " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate." +msgstr "" +"capsule 具有 ``NULL`` 名称是合法的。 这会使得 ``NULL`` 返回码有些歧义；请使用 " +":c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` 或 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来消除歧义。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Import a pointer to a C object from a capsule attribute in a module. The " +"*name* parameter should specify the full name to the attribute, as in " +"``module.attribute``. The *name* stored in the capsule must match this " +"string exactly." +msgstr "" +"从一个模块内的包装属性导入一个指向 C 对象的指针。 *name* 形参应当指定该属性的完整名称，就像 ``module.attribute`` 这样。" +" 储存在包装中的 *name* 必须与此字符串完全匹配。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Return the capsule's internal *pointer* on success. On failure, set an " +"exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "成功时返回 capsule 的内部 *指针*。 在失败时设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:111 +msgid "*no_block* has no effect anymore." +msgstr "*no_block* 不再有任何影响。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Determines whether or not *capsule* is a valid capsule. A valid capsule is " +"non-``NULL``, passes :c:func:`PyCapsule_CheckExact`, has a non-``NULL`` " +"pointer stored in it, and its internal name matches the *name* parameter. " +"(See :c:func:`PyCapsule_GetPointer` for information on how capsule names are" +" compared.)" +msgstr "" +"确定 *capsule* 是否是一个有效的。 有效的 capsule 必须不为 ``NULL``，传递 " +":c:func:`PyCapsule_CheckExact`，在其中存储一个不为 ``NULL`` 的指针，并且其内部名称与 *name* 形参相匹配。" +" （请参阅 :c:func:`PyCapsule_GetPointer` 了解如何对 capsule 名称进行比较的有关信息。）" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:123 +msgid "" +"In other words, if :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` returns a true value, calls " +"to any of the accessors (any function starting with ``PyCapsule_Get``) are " +"guaranteed to succeed." +msgstr "" +"换句话说，如果 :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` 返回真值，则对任何访问器（以 ``PyCapsule_Get`` " +"开头的任何函数）的调用都保证会成功。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Return a nonzero value if the object is valid and matches the name passed " +"in. Return ``0`` otherwise. This function will not fail." +msgstr "如果对象有效并且匹配传入的名称则返回非零值。 否则返回 ``0``。 此函数一定不会失败。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:133 +msgid "Set the context pointer inside *capsule* to *context*." +msgstr "将 *capsule* 内部的上下文指针设为 *context*。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:135 ../../c-api/capsule.rst:142 +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:151 ../../c-api/capsule.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Return ``0`` on success. Return nonzero and set an exception on failure." +msgstr "成功时返回 ``0``。 失败时返回非零值并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:140 +msgid "Set the destructor inside *capsule* to *destructor*." +msgstr "将 *capsule* 内部的析构器设为 *destructor*。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Set the name inside *capsule* to *name*. If non-``NULL``, the name must " +"outlive the capsule. If the previous *name* stored in the capsule was not " +"``NULL``, no attempt is made to free it." +msgstr "" +"将 *capsule* 内部的名称设为 *name*。 如果不为 ``NULL``，则名称的存在期必须比 capsule 更长。 如果之前保存在 " +"capsule 中的 *name* 不为 ``NULL``，则不会尝试释放它。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Set the void pointer inside *capsule* to *pointer*. The pointer may not be " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "将 *capsule* 内部的空指针设为 *pointer*。 指针不可为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/capsule.rst:8 +msgid "Capsule" +msgstr "Capsule" diff --git a/c-api/cell.po b/c-api/cell.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95f0c5849 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/cell.po @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Makdon , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:6 +msgid "Cell Objects" +msgstr "Cell 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:8 +msgid "" +"\"Cell\" objects are used to implement variables referenced by multiple " +"scopes. For each such variable, a cell object is created to store the value;" +" the local variables of each stack frame that references the value contains " +"a reference to the cells from outer scopes which also use that variable. " +"When the value is accessed, the value contained in the cell is used instead " +"of the cell object itself. This de-referencing of the cell object requires " +"support from the generated byte-code; these are not automatically de-" +"referenced when accessed. Cell objects are not likely to be useful " +"elsewhere." +msgstr "" +"“Cell”对象用于实现由多个作用域引用的变量。 " +"对于每个这样的变量，一个“Cell”对象为了存储该值而被创建；引用该值的每个堆栈框架的局部变量包含同样使用该变量的对外部作用域的“Cell”引用。 " +"访问该值时，将使用“Cell”中包含的值而不是单元格对象本身。 " +"这种对“Cell”对象的非关联化的引用需要支持生成的字节码；访问时不会自动非关联化这些内容。 “Cell”对象在其他地方可能不太有用。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:20 +msgid "The C structure used for cell objects." +msgstr "用于Cell对象的C结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:25 +msgid "The type object corresponding to cell objects." +msgstr "与 Cell 对象对应的类型对​​象。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is a cell object; *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *ob* 是一个 cell 对象则返回真值；*ob* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Create and return a new cell object containing the value *ob*. The parameter" +" may be ``NULL``." +msgstr "创建并返回一个包含值 *ob* 的新 cell 对象。形参可以为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Return the contents of the cell *cell*, which can be ``NULL``. If *cell* is " +"not a cell object, returns ``NULL`` with an exception set." +msgstr "" +"返回 cell 对象 *cell* 的内容，可以为 ``NULL``。 如果 *cell* 不是一个 cell 对象，则返回 ``NULL`` " +"并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Return the contents of the cell *cell*, but without checking that *cell* is " +"non-``NULL`` and a cell object." +msgstr "返回 cell 对象 *cell* 的内容，但是不检测 *cell* 是否非 ``NULL`` 并且为一个 cell 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Set the contents of the cell object *cell* to *value*. This releases the " +"reference to any current content of the cell. *value* may be ``NULL``. " +"*cell* must be non-``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"将 cell 对象 *cell* 的内容设为 *value*。 这将释放任何对该 cell 对象当前内容的引用。 *value* 可以为 " +"``NULL``。 *cell* 必须不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:58 +msgid "" +"On success, return ``0``. If *cell* is not a cell object, set an exception " +"and return ``-1``." +msgstr "当成功时，返回 ``0``。 如果 *cell* 不是一个 cell 对象，则设置一个异常并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/cell.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Sets the value of the cell object *cell* to *value*. No reference counts " +"are adjusted, and no checks are made for safety; *cell* must be non-``NULL``" +" and must be a cell object." +msgstr "" +"将 cell 对象 *cell* 的值设为 *value*。 不会调整引用计数，并且不会进行检测以保证安全；*cell* 必须为非 ``NULL`` " +"并且为一个 cell 对象。" diff --git a/c-api/code.po b/c-api/code.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03bdd82eb --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/code.po @@ -0,0 +1,421 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Xu Siyuan, 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# CommonZ , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:8 +msgid "Code Objects" +msgstr "代码对象" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:12 +msgid "" +"Code objects are a low-level detail of the CPython implementation. Each one " +"represents a chunk of executable code that hasn't yet been bound into a " +"function." +msgstr "代码对象是 CPython 实现的低层级细节。 每个代表一块尚未绑定到函数中的可执行代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The C structure of the objects used to describe code objects. The fields of" +" this type are subject to change at any time." +msgstr "用于描述代码对象的对象的 C 结构。 此类型字段可随时更改。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This is an instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` representing the Python " +":ref:`code object `." +msgstr "这一个代表 Python :ref:`代码对象 ` 的 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return true if *co* is a :ref:`code object `. This function " +"always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *co* 是一个 :ref:`代码对象 ` 则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Return the number of :term:`free (closure) variables ` in " +"a code object." +msgstr "返回代码对象中 :term:`自由（闭包）变量 ` 的数量。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Return the position of the first :term:`free (closure) variable ` in a code object." +msgstr "返回代码对象中第一个 :term:`自由（闭包）变量 ` 的位置。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Renamed from ``PyCode_GetFirstFree`` as part of :ref:`unstable-c-api`. The " +"old name is deprecated, but will remain available until the signature " +"changes again." +msgstr "" +"作为 :ref:`unstable-c-api` 的一部分由 ``PyCode_GetFirstFree`` 更名而来。 " +"旧名称已被弃用，但在签名再次更改之前将保持可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Return a new code object. If you need a dummy code object to create a " +"frame, use :c:func:`PyCode_NewEmpty` instead." +msgstr "返回一个新的代码对象。 如果你需要一个用空代码对象来创建帧，请改用 :c:func:`PyCode_NewEmpty`。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Since the definition of the bytecode changes often, calling " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_New` directly can bind you to a precise Python " +"version." +msgstr "由于字节码的定义经常变化，可以直接调用 :c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_New` 来绑定某个确定的 Python 版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:57 +msgid "" +"The many arguments of this function are inter-dependent in complex ways, " +"meaning that subtle changes to values are likely to result in incorrect " +"execution or VM crashes. Use this function only with extreme care." +msgstr "此函数的许多参数以复杂的方式相互依赖，这意味着参数值的细微改变可能导致不正确的执行或 VM 崩溃。 使用此函数需要极度小心。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:61 +msgid "Added ``qualname`` and ``exceptiontable`` parameters." +msgstr "添加了 ``qualname`` 和 ``exceptiontable`` 形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Renamed from ``PyCode_New`` as part of :ref:`unstable-c-api`. The old name " +"is deprecated, but will remain available until the signature changes again." +msgstr "" +"由 ``PyCode_New`` 更名而来，是 :ref:`unstable-c-api` 的一部分。 旧名称已被弃用，但在签名再次更改之前仍然可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_New`, but with an extra " +"\"posonlyargcount\" for positional-only arguments. The same caveats that " +"apply to ``PyUnstable_Code_New`` also apply to this function." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_New` 类似，但额外增加了一个针对仅限位置参数的 \"posonlyargcount\"。 " +"适用于 ``PyUnstable_Code_New`` 的适用事项同样适用于这个函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:79 +msgid "as ``PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs``" +msgstr "作为 ``PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs``" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:81 +msgid "Added ``qualname`` and ``exceptiontable`` parameters." +msgstr "增加了 ``qualname`` 和 ``exceptiontable`` 形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Renamed to ``PyUnstable_Code_NewWithPosOnlyArgs``. The old name is " +"deprecated, but will remain available until the signature changes again." +msgstr "重命名为 ``PyUnstable_Code_NewWithPosOnlyArgs``。 旧名称已被弃用，但在签名再次更改之前将保持可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Return a new empty code object with the specified filename, function name, " +"and first line number. The resulting code object will raise an ``Exception``" +" if executed." +msgstr "返回一个具有指定用户名、函数名和首行行号的空代码对象。 结果代码对象如果被执行则将引发一个 ``Exception``。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Return the line number of the instruction that occurs on or before " +"``byte_offset`` and ends after it. If you just need the line number of a " +"frame, use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` instead." +msgstr "" +"返回在 ``byte_offset`` 位置或之前以及之后发生的指令的行号。 如果你只需要一个帧的行号，请改用 " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber`。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:101 +msgid "" +"For efficiently iterating over the line numbers in a code object, use " +":pep:`the API described in PEP 626 <0626#out-of-process-debuggers-and-" +"profilers>`." +msgstr "" +"要高效地对代码对象中的行号进行迭代，请使用 :pep:`在 PEP 626 中描述的 API <0626#out-of-process-" +"debuggers-and-profilers>`。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Sets the passed ``int`` pointers to the source code line and column numbers " +"for the instruction at ``byte_offset``. Sets the value to ``0`` when " +"information is not available for any particular element." +msgstr "" +"将传入的 ``int`` 指针设为 ``byte_offset`` 处的指令的源代码行编号和列编号。 当没有任何特定元素的信息时则将值设为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:110 +msgid "Returns ``1`` if the function succeeds and 0 otherwise." +msgstr "如果函数执行成功则返回 ``1`` 否则返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to the Python code ``getattr(co, 'co_code')``. Returns a strong " +"reference to a :c:type:`PyBytesObject` representing the bytecode in a code " +"object. On error, ``NULL`` is returned and an exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"等价于 Python 代码 ``getattr(co, 'co_code')``。 返回一个指向表示代码对象中的字节码的 " +":c:type:`PyBytesObject` 的强引用。 当出错时，将返回 ``NULL`` 并引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:121 +msgid "" +"This ``PyBytesObject`` may be created on-demand by the interpreter and does " +"not necessarily represent the bytecode actually executed by CPython. The " +"primary use case for this function is debuggers and profilers." +msgstr "" +"这个 ``PyBytesObject`` 可以由解释器按需创建并且不必代表 CPython 所实际执行的字节码。 " +"此函数的主要用途是调试器和性能分析工具。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to the Python code ``getattr(co, 'co_varnames')``. Returns a new " +"reference to a :c:type:`PyTupleObject` containing the names of the local " +"variables. On error, ``NULL`` is returned and an exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"等价于 Python 代码 ``getattr(co, 'co_varnames')``。 返回一个指向包含局部变量名称的 " +":c:type:`PyTupleObject` 的新引用。 当出错时，将返回 ``NULL`` 并引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to the Python code ``getattr(co, 'co_cellvars')``. Returns a new " +"reference to a :c:type:`PyTupleObject` containing the names of the local " +"variables that are referenced by nested functions. On error, ``NULL`` is " +"returned and an exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"等价于 Python 代码 ``getattr(co, 'co_cellvars')``。 返回一个包含被嵌套的函数所引用的局部变量名称的 " +":c:type:`PyTupleObject` 的新引用。 当出错时，将返回 ``NULL`` 并引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to the Python code ``getattr(co, 'co_freevars')``. Returns a new " +"reference to a :c:type:`PyTupleObject` containing the names of the " +":term:`free (closure) variables `. On error, ``NULL`` is " +"returned and an exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"等价于 Python 代码 ``getattr(co, 'co_freevars')``。 返回一个指向包含 " +":c:type:`PyTupleObject` :term:`自由（闭包）变量 ` 名称的新引用。 当出错时，将返回" +" ``NULL`` 并引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Register *callback* as a code object watcher for the current interpreter. " +"Return an ID which may be passed to :c:func:`PyCode_ClearWatcher`. In case " +"of error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available), return ``-1`` and set an " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"注册 *callback* 作为当前解释器的代码对象监视器。 返回一个可被传给 :c:func:`PyCode_ClearWatcher` 的 ID。 " +"如果出现错误（例如没有足够的可用监视器 ID），则返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Clear watcher identified by *watcher_id* previously returned from " +":c:func:`PyCode_AddWatcher` for the current interpreter. Return ``0`` on " +"success, or ``-1`` and set an exception on error (e.g. if the given " +"*watcher_id* was never registered.)" +msgstr "" +"清除之前从 :c:func:`PyCode_AddWatcher` 返回的当前解释器中由 *watcher_id* 所标识的监视器。 成功时返回 " +"``0``，或者出错时（例如当给定的 *watcher_id* 未被注册）返回 ``-1`` 并设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Enumeration of possible code object watcher events: - " +"``PY_CODE_EVENT_CREATE`` - ``PY_CODE_EVENT_DESTROY``" +msgstr "" +"由可能的代码对象监视器事件组成的枚举: - ``PY_CODE_EVENT_CREATE`` - ``PY_CODE_EVENT_DESTROY``" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:182 +msgid "Type of a code object watcher callback function." +msgstr "代码对象监视器回调函数的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:184 +msgid "" +"If *event* is ``PY_CODE_EVENT_CREATE``, then the callback is invoked after " +"`co` has been fully initialized. Otherwise, the callback is invoked before " +"the destruction of *co* takes place, so the prior state of *co* can be " +"inspected." +msgstr "" +"如果 *event* 为 ``PY_CODE_EVENT_CREATE`` ，则回调会在 `co` 完全初始化后被唤起。 否则，回调会在 *co* " +"执行销毁之前被唤起，这样就可以检查 *co* 之前的状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:189 +msgid "" +"If *event* is ``PY_CODE_EVENT_DESTROY``, taking a reference in the callback " +"to the about-to-be-destroyed code object will resurrect it and prevent it " +"from being freed at this time. When the resurrected object is destroyed " +"later, any watcher callbacks active at that time will be called again." +msgstr "" +"如果 *event* 为 " +"``PY_CODE_EVENT_DESTROY``，则在回调中接受一个即将被销毁的代码对象的引用将使其重生，并阻止其在此时被释放。 " +"当重生的对象以后再被销毁时，任何在当时已激活的监视器回调将再次被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Users of this API should not rely on internal runtime implementation " +"details. Such details may include, but are not limited to, the exact order " +"and timing of creation and destruction of code objects. While changes in " +"these details may result in differences observable by watchers (including " +"whether a callback is invoked or not), it does not change the semantics of " +"the Python code being executed." +msgstr "" +"本 API 的用户不应依赖内部运行时的实现细节。 这类细节可能包括但不限于创建和销毁代码对象的确切顺序和时间。 " +"虽然这些细节的变化可能会导致监视器可观察到的差异（包括回调是否被唤起），但不会改变正在执行的 Python 代码的语义。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:201 +msgid "" +"If the callback sets an exception, it must return ``-1``; this exception " +"will be printed as an unraisable exception using " +":c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable`. Otherwise it should return ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果该回调设置了一个异常，则它必须返回 ``-1``；此异常将作为不可引发的异常使用 :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` " +"打印出来。 在其他情况下它应当返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:205 +msgid "" +"There may already be a pending exception set on entry to the callback. In " +"this case, the callback should return ``0`` with the same exception still " +"set. This means the callback may not call any other API that can set an " +"exception unless it saves and clears the exception state first, and restores" +" it before returning." +msgstr "" +"在进入回调时可能已经设置了尚未处理的异常。 在此情况下，回调应当返回 ``0`` 并仍然设置同样的异常。 这意味着该回调可能不会调用任何其他可设置异常的" +" API 除非它先保存并清空异常状态，并在返回之前恢复它。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:215 +msgid "Extra information" +msgstr "附加信息" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:217 +msgid "" +"To support low-level extensions to frame evaluation, such as external just-" +"in-time compilers, it is possible to attach arbitrary extra data to code " +"objects." +msgstr "为了支持对帧求值的低层级扩展，如外部即时编译器等，可以在代码对象上附加任意的额外数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:221 +msgid "" +"These functions are part of the unstable C API tier: this functionality is a" +" CPython implementation detail, and the API may change without deprecation " +"warnings." +msgstr "这些函数是不稳定 C API 层的一部分：该功能是 CPython 的实现细节，此 API 可能随时改变而不发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Return a new an opaque index value used to adding data to code objects." +msgstr "返回一个新的不透明索引值用于向代码对象添加数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:229 +msgid "" +"You generally call this function once (per interpreter) and use the result " +"with ``PyCode_GetExtra`` and ``PyCode_SetExtra`` to manipulate data on " +"individual code objects." +msgstr "" +"通常情况下（对于每个解释器）你只需调用该函数一次然后将调用结果与 ``PyCode_GetExtra`` 和 ``PyCode_SetExtra`` " +"一起使用以操作单个代码对象上的数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:233 +msgid "" +"If *free* is not ``NULL``: when a code object is deallocated, *free* will be" +" called on non-``NULL`` data stored under the new index. Use " +":c:func:`Py_DecRef` when storing :c:type:`PyObject`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *free* 没有不为 ``NULL``: 当代码对象被释放时，*free* 将在存储于新索引下的非 ``NULL`` 数据上被调用。 当存储 " +":c:type:`PyObject` 时使用 :c:func:`Py_DecRef`。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:239 +msgid "as ``_PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex``" +msgstr "作为 ``_PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex``" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Renamed to ``PyUnstable_Eval_RequestCodeExtraIndex``. The old private name " +"is deprecated, but will be available until the API changes." +msgstr "" +"重命名为 ``PyUnstable_Eval_RequestCodeExtraIndex``。 旧的私有名称已被弃用，但在 API 更改之前仍将可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Set *extra* to the extra data stored under the given index. Return 0 on " +"success. Set an exception and return -1 on failure." +msgstr "将 *extra* 设为存储在给定索引下的额外数据。 成功时将返回 0。 失败时将设置一个异常并返回 -1。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:252 +msgid "" +"If no data was set under the index, set *extra* to ``NULL`` and return 0 " +"without setting an exception." +msgstr "如果未在索引下设置数据，则将 *extra* 设为 ``NULL`` 并返回 0 而不设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:257 +msgid "as ``_PyCode_GetExtra``" +msgstr "作为 ``_PyCode_GetExtra``" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Renamed to ``PyUnstable_Code_GetExtra``. The old private name is deprecated," +" but will be available until the API changes." +msgstr "重命名为 ``PyUnstable_Code_GetExtra``。 旧的私有名称已被弃用，但在 API 更改之前仍将可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Set the extra data stored under the given index to *extra*. Return 0 on " +"success. Set an exception and return -1 on failure." +msgstr "将存储在给定索引下的额外数据设为 *extra*。 成功时将返回 0。 失败时将设置一个异常并返回 -1。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:272 +msgid "as ``_PyCode_SetExtra``" +msgstr "作为 ``_PyCode_SetExtra``" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Renamed to ``PyUnstable_Code_SetExtra``. The old private name is deprecated," +" but will be available until the API changes." +msgstr "重命名为 ``PyUnstable_Code_SetExtra``。 旧的私有名称已被弃用，但在 API 更改之前仍将可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:3 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:3 +msgid "code" +msgstr "code -- 代码" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:3 +msgid "code object" +msgstr "代码对象" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:64 +msgid "PyCode_New (C function)" +msgstr "PyCode_New (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:77 +msgid "PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs (C function)" +msgstr "PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:237 +msgid "_PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex (C function)" +msgstr "_PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:255 +msgid "_PyCode_GetExtra (C function)" +msgstr "_PyCode_GetExtra (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/code.rst:270 +msgid "_PyCode_SetExtra (C function)" +msgstr "_PyCode_SetExtra (C 函数)" diff --git a/c-api/codec.po b/c-api/codec.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e542ec8f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/codec.po @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Leo Li , 2024 +# Zombie110year , 2024 +# Jiu Hong Jiang , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:4 +msgid "Codec registry and support functions" +msgstr "编解码器注册与支持功能" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:8 +msgid "Register a new codec search function." +msgstr "注册一个新的编解码器搜索函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:10 +msgid "" +"As side effect, this tries to load the :mod:`!encodings` package, if not yet" +" done, to make sure that it is always first in the list of search functions." +msgstr "作为其附带影响，如果 :mod:`!encodings` 包尚未加载，则会尝试加载它，以确保它在搜索函数列表中始终排在第一位。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Unregister a codec search function and clear the registry's cache. If the " +"search function is not registered, do nothing. Return 0 on success. Raise an" +" exception and return -1 on error." +msgstr "注销一个编解码器搜索函数并清空注册表缓存。 如果指定搜索函数未被注册，则不做任何操作。 成功时返回 0。 出错时引发一个异常并返回 -1。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether there is a registered codec for " +"the given *encoding*. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "根据注册的给定 *encoding* 的编解码器是否已存在而返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。此函数总能成功。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:28 +msgid "Generic codec based encoding API." +msgstr "泛型编解码器基本编码 API。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:30 +msgid "" +"*object* is passed through the encoder function found for the given " +"*encoding* using the error handling method defined by *errors*. *errors* " +"may be ``NULL`` to use the default method defined for the codec. Raises a " +":exc:`LookupError` if no encoder can be found." +msgstr "" +"*object* 使用由 *errors* 所定义的错误处理方法传递给定 *encoding* 的编码器函数。 *errors* 可以为 " +"``NULL`` 表示使用为编码器所定义的默认方法。 如果找不到编码器则会引发 :exc:`LookupError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:37 +msgid "Generic codec based decoding API." +msgstr "泛型编解码器基本解码 API。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:39 +msgid "" +"*object* is passed through the decoder function found for the given " +"*encoding* using the error handling method defined by *errors*. *errors* " +"may be ``NULL`` to use the default method defined for the codec. Raises a " +":exc:`LookupError` if no encoder can be found." +msgstr "" +"*object* 使用由 *errors* 所定义的错误处理方法传递给定 *encoding* 的解码器函数。 *errors* 可以为 " +"``NULL`` 表示使用为编解码器所定义的默认方法。 如果找不到编解码器则会引发 :exc:`LookupError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:46 +msgid "Codec lookup API" +msgstr "Codec 查找API" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:48 +msgid "" +"In the following functions, the *encoding* string is looked up converted to " +"all lower-case characters, which makes encodings looked up through this " +"mechanism effectively case-insensitive. If no codec is found, a " +":exc:`KeyError` is set and ``NULL`` returned." +msgstr "" +"在下列函数中，*encoding* 字符串会被查找并转换为小写字母形式，这使得通过此机制查找编码格式实际上对大小写不敏感。 " +"如果未找到任何编解码器，则将设置 :exc:`KeyError` 并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:55 +msgid "Get an encoder function for the given *encoding*." +msgstr "为给定的 *encoding* 获取一个编码器函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:59 +msgid "Get a decoder function for the given *encoding*." +msgstr "为给定的 *encoding* 获取一个解码器函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Get an :class:`~codecs.IncrementalEncoder` object for the given *encoding*." +msgstr "为给定的 *encoding* 获取一个 :class:`~codecs.IncrementalEncoder` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Get an :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` object for the given *encoding*." +msgstr "为给定的 *encoding* 获取一个 :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Get a :class:`~codecs.StreamReader` factory function for the given " +"*encoding*." +msgstr "为给定的 *encoding* 获取一个 :class:`~codecs.StreamReader` 工厂函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Get a :class:`~codecs.StreamWriter` factory function for the given " +"*encoding*." +msgstr "为给定的 *encoding* 获取一个 :class:`~codecs.StreamWriter` 工厂函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:79 +msgid "Registry API for Unicode encoding error handlers" +msgstr "用于Unicode编码错误处理程序的注册表API" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Register the error handling callback function *error* under the given " +"*name*. This callback function will be called by a codec when it encounters " +"unencodable characters/undecodable bytes and *name* is specified as the " +"error parameter in the call to the encode/decode function." +msgstr "" +"在给定的 *name* 之下注册错误处理回调函数 *error*。 该回调函数将在一个编解码器遇到无法编码的字符/无法解码的字节数据并且 *name* " +"被指定为 encode/decode 函数调用的 error 形参时由该编解码器来调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The callback gets a single argument, an instance of " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`, :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` or " +":exc:`UnicodeTranslateError` that holds information about the problematic " +"sequence of characters or bytes and their offset in the original string (see" +" :ref:`unicodeexceptions` for functions to extract this information). The " +"callback must either raise the given exception, or return a two-item tuple " +"containing the replacement for the problematic sequence, and an integer " +"giving the offset in the original string at which encoding/decoding should " +"be resumed." +msgstr "" +"该回调函数会接受一个 :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`, :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` 或 " +":exc:`UnicodeTranslateError` 的实例作为单独参数，其中包含关于有问题字符或字节序列及其在原始序列的偏移量信息（请参阅 " +":ref:`unicodeexceptions` 了解提取此信息的函数详情）。 " +"该回调函数必须引发给定的异常，或者返回一个包含有问题序列及相应替换序列的二元组，以及一个表示偏移量的整数，该整数指明应在什么位置上恢复编码/解码操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:98 +msgid "Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "成功则返回 ``0``，失败则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Lookup the error handling callback function registered under *name*. As a " +"special case ``NULL`` can be passed, in which case the error handling " +"callback for \"strict\" will be returned." +msgstr "" +"查找在 *name* 之下注册的错误处理回调函数。 作为特例还可以传入 ``NULL``，在此情况下将返回针对 \"strict\" " +"的错误处理回调函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:108 +msgid "Raise *exc* as an exception." +msgstr "引发 *exc* 作为异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:112 +msgid "Ignore the unicode error, skipping the faulty input." +msgstr "忽略 unicode 错误，跳过错误的输入。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:116 +msgid "Replace the unicode encode error with ``?`` or ``U+FFFD``." +msgstr "使用 ``?`` 或 ``U+FFFD`` 替换 unicode 编码错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:120 +msgid "Replace the unicode encode error with XML character references." +msgstr "使用 XML 字符引用替换 unicode 编码错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Replace the unicode encode error with backslash escapes (``\\x``, ``\\u`` " +"and ``\\U``)." +msgstr "使用反斜杠转义符 (``\\x``, ``\\u`` 和 ``\\U``) 替换 unicode 编码错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/codec.rst:129 +msgid "Replace the unicode encode error with ``\\N{...}`` escapes." +msgstr "使用 ``\\N{...}`` 转义符替换 unicode 编码错误。" diff --git a/c-api/complex.po b/c-api/complex.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0790bc4f --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/complex.po @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# lqks, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:6 +msgid "Complex Number Objects" +msgstr "复数对象" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Python's complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types when " +"viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to Python programs," +" and the other is a C structure which represents the actual complex number " +"value. The API provides functions for working with both." +msgstr "" +"从C " +"API看，Python的复数对象由两个不同的部分实现：一个是在Python程序使用的Python对象，另外的是一个代表真正复数值的C结构体。API提供了函数共同操作两者。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:17 +msgid "Complex Numbers as C Structures" +msgstr "表示复数的C结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Note that the functions which accept these structures as parameters and " +"return them as results do so *by value* rather than dereferencing them " +"through pointers. This is consistent throughout the API." +msgstr "需要注意的是接受这些结构体的作为参数并当做结果返回的函数，都是传递“值”而不是引用指针。此规则适用于整个API。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The C structure which corresponds to the value portion of a Python complex " +"number object. Most of the functions for dealing with complex number " +"objects use structures of this type as input or output values, as " +"appropriate." +msgstr "对应于 Python 复数对象的值部分的 C 结构体。 大部分用于处理数据对象的函数都使用该类型的结构体作为相应的输入或输出值。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:33 +msgid "The structure is defined as::" +msgstr "其结构定义如下：" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:35 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" double real;\n" +" double imag;\n" +"} Py_complex;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" double real;\n" +" double imag;\n" +"} Py_complex;" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Return the sum of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex` " +"representation." +msgstr "返回两个复数的和，用 C 类型 :c:type:`Py_complex` 表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Return the difference between two complex numbers, using the C " +":c:type:`Py_complex` representation." +msgstr "返回两个复数的差，用 C 类型 :c:type:`Py_complex` 表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Return the negation of the complex number *num*, using the C " +":c:type:`Py_complex` representation." +msgstr "返回复数 *num* 的负值，用 C :c:type:`Py_complex` 表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Return the product of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex` " +"representation." +msgstr "返回两个复数的乘积，用 C 类型 :c:type:`Py_complex` 表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Return the quotient of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`" +" representation." +msgstr "返回两个复数的商，用 C 类型 :c:type:`Py_complex` 表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:70 +msgid "" +"If *divisor* is null, this method returns zero and sets :c:data:`errno` to " +":c:macro:`!EDOM`." +msgstr "如果 *divisor* 为空，则此方法将返回零并将 :c:data:`errno` 设为 :c:macro:`!EDOM`。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Return the exponentiation of *num* by *exp*, using the C " +":c:type:`Py_complex` representation." +msgstr "返回 *num* 的 *exp* 次幂，用 C 类型 :c:type:`Py_complex` 表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:79 +msgid "" +"If *num* is null and *exp* is not a positive real number, this method " +"returns zero and sets :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!EDOM`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *num* 为空且 *exp* 不是正实数，则此方法将返回零并将 :c:data:`errno` 设为 :c:macro:`!EDOM`。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:84 +msgid "Complex Numbers as Python Objects" +msgstr "表示复数的Python对象" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:89 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python complex number " +"object." +msgstr "这个C类型 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型代表一个 Python 复数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:94 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python complex number" +" type. It is the same object as :class:`complex` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这是个属于 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的代表Python复数类型的实例。在Python层面的类型 :class:`complex` " +"是同一个对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyComplexObject` or a subtype of " +":c:type:`PyComplexObject`. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果它的参数是一个 :c:type:`PyComplexObject` 或者 :c:type:`PyComplexObject` 的子类型则返回真值。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyComplexObject`, but not a " +"subtype of :c:type:`PyComplexObject`. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果它的参数是一个 :c:type:`PyComplexObject` 但不是 :c:type:`PyComplexObject` 的子类型则返回真值。" +" 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Create a new Python complex number object from a C :c:type:`Py_complex` " +"value. Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error." +msgstr "" +"根据一个 C :c:type:`Py_complex` 值新建 Python 复数对象。 当发生错误时将返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyComplexObject` object from *real* and *imag*. Return" +" ``NULL`` with an exception set on error." +msgstr "" +"根据 *real* 和 *imag* 返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyComplexObject` 对象。 当发生错误时将返回 ``NULL`` " +"并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:124 +msgid "Return the real part of *op* as a C :c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "以 C 类型 :c:expr:`double` 返回 *op* 的实部。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:126 +msgid "" +"If *op* is not a Python complex number object but has a " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` method, this method will first be called to " +"convert *op* to a Python complex number object. If :meth:`!__complex__` is " +"not defined then it falls back to call :c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` and " +"returns its result." +msgstr "" +"如果 *op* 不是一个 Python 复数对象但是具有 :meth:`~object.__complex__` 方法，则会先调用该方法将 *op* " +"转换为 Python 复数对象。 如果未定义 :meth:`!__complex__` 则将回退为调用 " +":c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` 并返回其结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:132 ../../c-api/complex.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Upon failure, this method returns ``-1.0`` with an exception set, so one " +"should call :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors." +msgstr "" +"当失败时，此方法将返回 ``-1.0`` 并设置一个异常，因此开发者应当调用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来检查错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:135 ../../c-api/complex.rst:151 +msgid "Use :meth:`~object.__complex__` if available." +msgstr "如果可能将使用 :meth:`~object.__complex__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:140 +msgid "Return the imaginary part of *op* as a C :c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "以 C 类型 :c:expr:`double` 返回 *op* 的虚部。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:142 +msgid "" +"If *op* is not a Python complex number object but has a " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` method, this method will first be called to " +"convert *op* to a Python complex number object. If :meth:`!__complex__` is " +"not defined then it falls back to call :c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` and " +"returns ``0.0`` on success." +msgstr "" +"如果 *op* 不是一个 Python 复数对象但是具有 :meth:`~object.__complex__` 方法，则会先调用该方法将 *op* " +"转换为 Python 复数对象。 如果未定义 :meth:`!__complex__` 则将回退为调用 " +":c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` 并在成功时返回 ``0.0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:156 +msgid "Return the :c:type:`Py_complex` value of the complex number *op*." +msgstr "返回复数 *op* 的C类型 :c:type:`Py_complex` 值。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:158 +msgid "" +"If *op* is not a Python complex number object but has a " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` method, this method will first be called to " +"convert *op* to a Python complex number object. If :meth:`!__complex__` is " +"not defined then it falls back to :meth:`~object.__float__`. If " +":meth:`!__float__` is not defined then it falls back to " +":meth:`~object.__index__`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *op* 不是一个 Python 复数对象但是具有 :meth:`~object.__complex__` 方法，则会先调用该方法将 *op* " +"转换为 Python 复数对象。 如果未定义 :meth:`!__complex__` 则将回退至 :meth:`~object.__float__`。" +" 如果未定义 :meth:`!__float__` 则将回退至 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:164 +msgid "" +"Upon failure, this method returns :c:type:`Py_complex` with " +":c:member:`~Py_complex.real` set to ``-1.0`` and with an exception set, so " +"one should call :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors." +msgstr "" +"当失败时，此方法将返回 :c:type:`Py_complex` 其中 :c:member:`~Py_complex.real` 为 ``-1.0`` " +"并设置一个异常，因此开发者应当调用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来检查错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:168 +msgid "Use :meth:`~object.__index__` if available." +msgstr "如果可能将使用 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/complex.rst:8 +msgid "complex number" +msgstr "complex number -- 复数" diff --git a/c-api/concrete.po b/c-api/concrete.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca28764a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/concrete.po @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Wang Saul , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Y. Z. Chen <754097987@qq.com>, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:8 +msgid "Concrete Objects Layer" +msgstr "具体的对象层" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types. " +"Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive " +"an object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right " +"type, you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an " +"object is a dictionary, use :c:func:`PyDict_Check`. The chapter is " +"structured like the \"family tree\" of Python object types." +msgstr "" +"本章中的函数特定于某些 Python 对象类型。 将错误类型的对象传递给它们并不是一个好主意；如果您从 Python " +"程序接收到一个对象，但不确定它是否具有正确的类型，则必须首先执行类型检查；例如，要检查对象是否为字典，请使用 " +":c:func:`PyDict_Check`。 本章的结构类似于 Python 对象类型的“家族树”。" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:19 +msgid "" +"While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of " +"the objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for ``NULL`` " +"being passed instead of a valid object. Allowing ``NULL`` to be passed in " +"can cause memory access violations and immediate termination of the " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" +"虽然本章所描述的函数会仔细检查传入对象的类型，但是其中许多函数不会检查传入的对象是否为 ``NULL``。 允许传入 ``NULL`` " +"可能导致内存访问冲突和解释器的立即终止。" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:28 +msgid "Fundamental Objects" +msgstr "基本对象" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object " +"``None``." +msgstr "本节描述Python类型对象和单一实例对象 象None。" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:41 +msgid "Numeric Objects" +msgstr "数值对象" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:56 +msgid "Sequence Objects" +msgstr "序列对象" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous " +"chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that" +" are intrinsic to the Python language." +msgstr "序列对象的一般操作在前一章中讨论过;本节介绍Python语言固有的特定类型的序列对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:78 +msgid "Container Objects" +msgstr "容器对象" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:91 +msgid "Function Objects" +msgstr "Function 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:102 +msgid "Other Objects" +msgstr "其他对象" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:43 ../../c-api/concrete.rst:58 +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:80 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:43 +msgid "numeric" +msgstr "数字" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:58 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence" + +#: ../../c-api/concrete.rst:80 +msgid "mapping" +msgstr "mapping -- 映射" diff --git a/c-api/contextvars.po b/c-api/contextvars.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31afeafb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/contextvars.po @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kade For, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# bmxbmx3 <982766639@qq.com>, 2021 +# Jiu Hong Jiang , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:6 +msgid "Context Variables Objects" +msgstr "上下文变量对象" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:15 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.7.1 the signatures of all context variables C APIs were " +"**changed** to use :c:type:`PyObject` pointers instead of " +":c:type:`PyContext`, :c:type:`PyContextVar`, and :c:type:`PyContextToken`, " +"e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.7.1 中，所有上下文变量 C API 的签名被 **更改** 为使用 :c:type:`PyObject` 指针而不是 " +":c:type:`PyContext`, :c:type:`PyContextVar` 以及 :c:type:`PyContextToken`，例如::" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:20 +msgid "" +"// in 3.7.0:\n" +"PyContext *PyContext_New(void);\n" +"\n" +"// in 3.7.1+:\n" +"PyObject *PyContext_New(void);" +msgstr "" +"// 在3.7.0：\n" +"PyContext *PyContext_New(void);\n" +"\n" +"// 在3.7.1+：\n" +"PyObject *PyContext_New(void);" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:26 +msgid "See :issue:`34762` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :issue:`34762` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:29 +msgid "" +"This section details the public C API for the :mod:`contextvars` module." +msgstr "本节深入介绍了 :mod:`contextvars` 模块的公用 C API。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The C structure used to represent a :class:`contextvars.Context` object." +msgstr "用于表示 :class:`contextvars.Context` 对象的 C 结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The C structure used to represent a :class:`contextvars.ContextVar` object." +msgstr "用于表示 :class:`contextvars.ContextVar` 对象的 C 结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:43 +msgid "The C structure used to represent a :class:`contextvars.Token` object." +msgstr "用于表示 :class:`contextvars.Token` 对象的 C 结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:47 +msgid "The type object representing the *context* type." +msgstr "表示 *context* 类型的类型对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:51 +msgid "The type object representing the *context variable* type." +msgstr "表示 *context variable* 类型的类型对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:55 +msgid "The type object representing the *context variable token* type." +msgstr "表示 *context variable token* 类型的类型对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:58 +msgid "Type-check macros:" +msgstr "类型检查宏：" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Return true if *o* is of type :c:data:`PyContext_Type`. *o* must not be " +"``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 的类型为 :c:data:`PyContext_Type` 则返回真值。 *o* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Return true if *o* is of type :c:data:`PyContextVar_Type`. *o* must not be " +"``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 的类型为 :c:data:`PyContextVar_Type` 则返回真值。 *o* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Return true if *o* is of type :c:data:`PyContextToken_Type`. *o* must not be" +" ``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 的类型为 :c:data:`PyContextToken_Type` 则返回真值。 *o* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:76 +msgid "Context object management functions:" +msgstr "上下文对象管理函数:" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Create a new empty context object. Returns ``NULL`` if an error has " +"occurred." +msgstr "创建一个新的空上下文对象。 如果发生错误则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Create a shallow copy of the passed *ctx* context object. Returns ``NULL`` " +"if an error has occurred." +msgstr "创建所传入的 *ctx* 上下文对象的浅拷贝。 如果发生错误则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Create a shallow copy of the current thread context. Returns ``NULL`` if an " +"error has occurred." +msgstr "创建当前线程上下文的浅拷贝。 如果发生错误则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Set *ctx* as the current context for the current thread. Returns ``0`` on " +"success, and ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "将 *ctx* 设为当前线程的当前上下文。 成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Deactivate the *ctx* context and restore the previous context as the current" +" context for the current thread. Returns ``0`` on success, and ``-1`` on " +"error." +msgstr "取消激活 *ctx* 上下文并将之前的上下文恢复为当前线程的当前上下文。 成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:105 +msgid "Context variable functions:" +msgstr "上下文变量函数:" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Create a new ``ContextVar`` object. The *name* parameter is used for " +"introspection and debug purposes. The *def* parameter specifies a default " +"value for the context variable, or ``NULL`` for no default. If an error has " +"occurred, this function returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的 ``ContextVar`` 对象。 形参 *name* 用于自我检查和调试目的。 形参 *def* 为上下文变量指定默认值，或为 " +"``NULL`` 表示无默认值。 如果发生错误，这个函数会返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Get the value of a context variable. Returns ``-1`` if an error has " +"occurred during lookup, and ``0`` if no error occurred, whether or not a " +"value was found." +msgstr "获取上下文变量的值。如果在查找过程中发生错误，返回' ' -1 ' '，如果没有发生错误，无论是否找到值，都返回' ' 0 ' '，" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:120 +msgid "" +"If the context variable was found, *value* will be a pointer to it. If the " +"context variable was *not* found, *value* will point to:" +msgstr "如果找到上下文变量，*value* 将是指向它的指针。 如果上下文变量 *没有* 找到，*value* 将指向：" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:123 +msgid "*default_value*, if not ``NULL``;" +msgstr "*default_value*，如果非 ``NULL``;" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:124 +msgid "the default value of *var*, if not ``NULL``;" +msgstr "*var* 的默认值，如果不是 ``NULL``；" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:125 +msgid "``NULL``" +msgstr "``NULL``" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:127 +msgid "Except for ``NULL``, the function returns a new reference." +msgstr "除了返回 ``NULL``，这个函数会返回一个新的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Set the value of *var* to *value* in the current context. Returns a new " +"token object for this change, or ``NULL`` if an error has occurred." +msgstr "在当前上下文中将 *var* 设为 *value*。 返回针对此修改的新凭据对象，或者如果发生错误则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/contextvars.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Reset the state of the *var* context variable to that it was in before " +":c:func:`PyContextVar_Set` that returned the *token* was called. This " +"function returns ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +"将上下文变量 *var* 的状态重置为它在返回 *token* 的 :c:func:`PyContextVar_Set` 被调用之前的状态。 " +"此函数成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1``。" diff --git a/c-api/conversion.po b/c-api/conversion.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4954a3d56 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/conversion.po @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Nasy, 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:6 +msgid "String conversion and formatting" +msgstr "字符串转换与格式化" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:8 +msgid "Functions for number conversion and formatted string output." +msgstr "用于数字转换和格式化字符串输出的函数" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Output not more than *size* bytes to *str* according to the format string " +"*format* and the extra arguments. See the Unix man page " +":manpage:`snprintf(3)`." +msgstr "" +"根据格式字符串 *format* 和额外参数，输出不超过 *size* 个字节到 *str*。 参见 Unix 手册页面 " +":manpage:`snprintf(3)`。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Output not more than *size* bytes to *str* according to the format string " +"*format* and the variable argument list *va*. Unix man page " +":manpage:`vsnprintf(3)`." +msgstr "" +"根据格式字符串 *format* 和变量参数列表 *va*，输出不超过 *size* 个字节到 *str*。 参见 Unix 手册页面 " +":manpage:`vsnprintf(3)`。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:23 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyOS_snprintf` and :c:func:`PyOS_vsnprintf` wrap the Standard C " +"library functions :c:func:`snprintf` and :c:func:`vsnprintf`. Their purpose " +"is to guarantee consistent behavior in corner cases, which the Standard C " +"functions do not." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyOS_snprintf` 和 :c:func:`PyOS_vsnprintf` 包装 C 标准库函数 " +":c:func:`snprintf` 和 :c:func:`vsnprintf` 。它们的目的是保证在极端情况下的一致行为，而标准 C 的函数则不然。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The wrappers ensure that ``str[size-1]`` is always ``'\\0'`` upon return. " +"They never write more than *size* bytes (including the trailing ``'\\0'``) " +"into str. Both functions require that ``str != NULL``, ``size > 0``, " +"``format != NULL`` and ``size < INT_MAX``. Note that this means there is no " +"equivalent to the C99 ``n = snprintf(NULL, 0, ...)`` which would determine " +"the necessary buffer size." +msgstr "" +"此包装器会确保 ``str[size-1]`` 在返回时始终为 ``'\\0'``。 它们从不写入超过 *size* 字节 (包括末尾的 " +"``'\\0'``) 到 str。 两个函数都要求 ``str != NULL``, ``size > 0``, ``format != NULL`` " +"且 ``size < INT_MAX``。 请注意这意味着不存在可确定所需缓冲区大小的 C99 ``n = snprintf(NULL, 0, " +"...)`` 的等价物。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:34 +msgid "" +"The return value (*rv*) for these functions should be interpreted as " +"follows:" +msgstr "这些函数的返回值（ *rv* ）应按照以下规则被解释：" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:36 +msgid "" +"When ``0 <= rv < size``, the output conversion was successful and *rv* " +"characters were written to *str* (excluding the trailing ``'\\0'`` byte at " +"``str[rv]``)." +msgstr "" +"当 ``0 <= rv < size`` 时，输出转换即成功并将 *rv* 个字符写入到 *str* (不包括末尾 ``str[rv]`` 位置的 " +"``'\\0'`` 字节)。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:40 +msgid "" +"When ``rv >= size``, the output conversion was truncated and a buffer with " +"``rv + 1`` bytes would have been needed to succeed. ``str[size-1]`` is " +"``'\\0'`` in this case." +msgstr "" +"当 ``rv >= size`` 时，输出转换会被截断并且需要一个具有 ``rv + 1`` 字节的缓冲区才能成功执行。 在此情况下 " +"``str[size-1]`` 为 ``'\\0'``。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:44 +msgid "" +"When ``rv < 0``, \"something bad happened.\" ``str[size-1]`` is ``'\\0'`` in" +" this case too, but the rest of *str* is undefined. The exact cause of the " +"error depends on the underlying platform." +msgstr "" +"当 ``rv < 0`` 时，\"会发生不好的事情。\" 在此情况下 ``str[size-1]`` 也为 ``'\\0'``，但 *str* " +"的其余部分是未定义的。 错误的确切原因取决于底层平台。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The following functions provide locale-independent string to number " +"conversions." +msgstr "以下函数提供与语言环境无关的字符串到数字转换。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Convert the initial part of the string in ``str`` to an :c:expr:`unsigned " +"long` value according to the given ``base``, which must be between ``2`` and" +" ``36`` inclusive, or be the special value ``0``." +msgstr "" +"根据给定的 ``base`` 将 ``str`` 中字符串的初始部分转换为 :c:expr:`unsigned long` 值，该值必须在 ``2`` " +"至 ``36`` 的开区间内，或者为特殊值 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Leading white space and case of characters are ignored. If ``base`` is zero" +" it looks for a leading ``0b``, ``0o`` or ``0x`` to tell which base. If " +"these are absent it defaults to ``10``. Base must be 0 or between 2 and 36 " +"(inclusive). If ``ptr`` is non-``NULL`` it will contain a pointer to the " +"end of the scan." +msgstr "" +"空白前缀和字符大小写将被忽略。 如果 ``base`` 为零则会查找 ``0b``、``0o`` 或 ``0x`` 前缀以确定基数。 " +"如果没有则默认基数为 ``10``。 基数必须为 0 或在 2 和 36 之间（包括边界值）。 如果 ``ptr`` 不为 ``NULL`` " +"则它将包含一个指向扫描结束位置的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:63 +msgid "" +"If the converted value falls out of range of corresponding return type, " +"range error occurs (:c:data:`errno` is set to :c:macro:`!ERANGE`) and " +":c:macro:`!ULONG_MAX` is returned. If no conversion can be performed, ``0``" +" is returned." +msgstr "" +"如果转换后的值不在对应返回类型的取值范围之内，则会发生取值范围错误 (:c:data:`errno` 被设为 :c:macro:`!ERANGE`) " +"并返回 :c:macro:`!ULONG_MAX`。 如果无法执行转换，则返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:68 +msgid "See also the Unix man page :manpage:`strtoul(3)`." +msgstr "另请参阅 Unix 指南页 :manpage:`strtoul(3)`。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Convert the initial part of the string in ``str`` to an :c:expr:`long` value" +" according to the given ``base``, which must be between ``2`` and ``36`` " +"inclusive, or be the special value ``0``." +msgstr "" +"根据给定的 ``base`` 将 ``str`` 中字符串的初始部分转换为 :c:expr:`long` 值，该值必须在 ``2`` 至 ``36`` " +"的开区间内，或者为特殊值 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Same as :c:func:`PyOS_strtoul`, but return a :c:expr:`long` value instead " +"and :c:macro:`LONG_MAX` on overflows." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyOS_strtoul`，但在溢出时将返回一个 :c:expr:`long` 值而不是 " +":c:macro:`LONG_MAX`。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:82 +msgid "See also the Unix man page :manpage:`strtol(3)`." +msgstr "另请参阅 Unix 指南页 :manpage:`strtol(3)`。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Convert a string ``s`` to a :c:expr:`double`, raising a Python exception on " +"failure. The set of accepted strings corresponds to the set of strings " +"accepted by Python's :func:`float` constructor, except that ``s`` must not " +"have leading or trailing whitespace. The conversion is independent of the " +"current locale." +msgstr "" +"将字符串 ``s`` 转换为 :c:expr:`double` 类型，失败时会引发 Python 异常。 接受的字符串集合对应于可被 Python 的 " +":func:`float` 构造器所接受的字符集集合，除了 ``s`` 必须没有前导或尾随空格。 转换必须独立于当前的语言区域。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:95 +msgid "" +"If ``endptr`` is ``NULL``, convert the whole string. Raise " +":exc:`ValueError` and return ``-1.0`` if the string is not a valid " +"representation of a floating-point number." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``endptr`` 是 ``NULL`` ，转换整个字符串。引发 :exc:`ValueError` 并且 返回 ``-1.0`` " +"如果字符串不是浮点数的有效的表达方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:99 +msgid "" +"If endptr is not ``NULL``, convert as much of the string as possible and set" +" ``*endptr`` to point to the first unconverted character. If no initial " +"segment of the string is the valid representation of a floating-point " +"number, set ``*endptr`` to point to the beginning of the string, raise " +"ValueError, and return ``-1.0``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``endptr`` 不是 ``NULL`` ，尽可能多的转换字符串并将 ``*endptr`` " +"设置为指向第一个未转换的字符。如果字符串的初始段不是浮点数的有效的表达方式，将 ``*endptr`` 设置为指向字符串的开头，引发 " +"ValueError 异常，并且返回 ``-1.0`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:106 +msgid "" +"If ``s`` represents a value that is too large to store in a float (for " +"example, ``\"1e500\"`` is such a string on many platforms) then if " +"``overflow_exception`` is ``NULL`` return ``Py_HUGE_VAL`` (with an " +"appropriate sign) and don't set any exception. Otherwise, " +"``overflow_exception`` must point to a Python exception object; raise that " +"exception and return ``-1.0``. In both cases, set ``*endptr`` to point to " +"the first character after the converted value." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``s`` 表示一个太大而不能存储在一个浮点数中的值（比方说， ``\"1e500\"`` 在许多平台上是一个字符串）然后如果 " +"``overflow_exception`` 是 ``NULL`` 返回 ``Py_HUGE_VAL`` （用适当的符号）并且不设置任何异常。 " +"在其他方面， ``overflow_exception`` 必须指向一个 Python 异常对象；引发异常并返回 ``-1.0`` " +"。在这两种情况下，设置 ``*endptr`` 指向转换值之后的第一个字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:114 +msgid "" +"If any other error occurs during the conversion (for example an out-of-" +"memory error), set the appropriate Python exception and return ``-1.0``." +msgstr "如果在转换期间发生任何其他错误（比如一个内存不足的错误），设置适当的 Python 异常并且返回 ``-1.0`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Convert a :c:expr:`double` *val* to a string using supplied *format_code*, " +"*precision*, and *flags*." +msgstr "" +"将 :c:expr:`double` *val* 转换为一个使用给定的 *format_code*, *precision* 和 *flags* " +"的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:126 +msgid "" +"*format_code* must be one of ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``, ``'g'``, " +"``'G'`` or ``'r'``. For ``'r'``, the supplied *precision* must be 0 and is " +"ignored. The ``'r'`` format code specifies the standard :func:`repr` " +"format." +msgstr "" +"*格式码* 必须是以下其中之一, ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``, ``'g'``, ``'G'`` 或者 " +"``'r'``。对于 ``'r'`` , 提供的 *精度* 必须是0。``'r'`` 格式码指定了标准函数 :func:`repr` 格式。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:131 +msgid "" +"*flags* can be zero or more of the values ``Py_DTSF_SIGN``, " +"``Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0``, or ``Py_DTSF_ALT``, or-ed together:" +msgstr "" +"*flags* 可以为零或者其他值 ``Py_DTSF_SIGN``, ``Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0`` 或 ``Py_DTSF_ALT`` " +"或其组合：" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:134 +msgid "" +"``Py_DTSF_SIGN`` means to always precede the returned string with a sign " +"character, even if *val* is non-negative." +msgstr "``Py_DTSF_SIGN`` 表示总是在返回的字符串前附加一个符号字符，即使 *val* 为非负数。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:137 +msgid "" +"``Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0`` means to ensure that the returned string will not look" +" like an integer." +msgstr "``Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0`` 表示确保返回的字符串看起来不像是一个整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:140 +msgid "" +"``Py_DTSF_ALT`` means to apply \"alternate\" formatting rules. See the " +"documentation for the :c:func:`PyOS_snprintf` ``'#'`` specifier for details." +msgstr "" +"``Py_DTSF_ALT`` 表示应用 \"替代的\" 格式化规则。 相关细节请参阅 :c:func:`PyOS_snprintf` ``'#'`` " +"定义文档。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:144 +msgid "" +"If *ptype* is non-``NULL``, then the value it points to will be set to one " +"of ``Py_DTST_FINITE``, ``Py_DTST_INFINITE``, or ``Py_DTST_NAN``, signifying " +"that *val* is a finite number, an infinite number, or not a number, " +"respectively." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ptype* 不为 ``NULL``，则它指向的值将被设为 ``Py_DTST_FINITE``, ``Py_DTST_INFINITE`` 或" +" ``Py_DTST_NAN`` 中的一个，分别表示 *val* 是一个有限数字、无限数字或非数字。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:148 +msgid "" +"The return value is a pointer to *buffer* with the converted string or " +"``NULL`` if the conversion failed. The caller is responsible for freeing the" +" returned string by calling :c:func:`PyMem_Free`." +msgstr "" +"返回值是一个指向包含转换后字符串的 *buffer* 的指针，如果转换失败则为 ``NULL``。 调用方要负责调用 " +":c:func:`PyMem_Free` 来释放返回的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Case insensitive comparison of strings. The function works almost " +"identically to :c:func:`!strcmp` except that it ignores the case." +msgstr "不区分大小写的字符串比较。 除了忽略大小写之外，该函数的工作方式与 :c:func:`!strcmp` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/conversion.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Case insensitive comparison of strings. The function works almost " +"identically to :c:func:`!strncmp` except that it ignores the case." +msgstr "不区分大小写的字符串比较。 除了忽略大小写之外，该函数的工作方式与 :c:func:`!strncmp` 相同。" diff --git a/c-api/coro.po b/c-api/coro.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc5a9e361 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/coro.po @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/coro.rst:6 +msgid "Coroutine Objects" +msgstr "协程对象" + +#: ../../c-api/coro.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Coroutine objects are what functions declared with an ``async`` keyword " +"return." +msgstr "协程对象是使用 ``async`` 关键字声明的函数返回的。" + +#: ../../c-api/coro.rst:16 +msgid "The C structure used for coroutine objects." +msgstr "用于协程对象的C结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/coro.rst:21 +msgid "The type object corresponding to coroutine objects." +msgstr "与协程对象对应的类型对​​象。" + +#: ../../c-api/coro.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob*'s type is :c:type:`PyCoro_Type`; *ob* must not be " +"``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 的类型是 :c:type:`PyCoro_Type` 则返回真值；*ob* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/coro.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Create and return a new coroutine object based on the *frame* object, with " +"``__name__`` and ``__qualname__`` set to *name* and *qualname*. A reference " +"to *frame* is stolen by this function. The *frame* argument must not be " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"基于 *frame* 对象创建并返回一个新的协程对象，其中 ``__name__`` 和 ``__qualname__`` 设为 *name* 和 " +"*qualname*。 此函数会取得一个对 *frame* 的引用。 *frame* 参数必须不为 ``NULL``。" diff --git a/c-api/datetime.po b/c-api/datetime.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2808cc0a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/datetime.po @@ -0,0 +1,376 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Larry Wang , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Jiu Hong Jiang , 2021 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:6 +msgid "DateTime Objects" +msgstr "DateTime 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Various date and time objects are supplied by the :mod:`datetime` module. " +"Before using any of these functions, the header file :file:`datetime.h` must" +" be included in your source (note that this is not included by " +":file:`Python.h`), and the macro :c:macro:`!PyDateTime_IMPORT` must be " +"invoked, usually as part of the module initialisation function. The macro " +"puts a pointer to a C structure into a static variable, " +":c:data:`!PyDateTimeAPI`, that is used by the following macros." +msgstr "" +":mod:`datetime` 模块提供了各种日期和时间对象。 在使用这些函数之前，必须在你的源代码中包含头文件 :file:`datetime.h` " +"(请注意此文件并未包括在 :file:`Python.h` 中)，并且 :c:macro:`!PyDateTime_IMPORT` " +"必须被唤起，通常是作为模块初始化函数的一部分。 这个宏会将指向特定 C 结构体的指针放入一个静态变量 :c:data:`!PyDateTimeAPI` " +"中，它将被下列的宏所使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:18 +msgid "This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python date object." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyObject` 的这个子类型表示 Python 日期对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:22 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python datetime object." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyObject` 的这个子类型表示 Python 日期时间对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:26 +msgid "This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python time object." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyObject` 的这个子类型表示 Python 时间对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents the difference between two " +"datetime values." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyObject` 的这个子类型表示两个日期时间值之间的差值。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:34 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python date type; it " +"is the same object as :class:`datetime.date` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例代表 Python 日期类型；它与 Python 层面的 " +":class:`datetime.date` 对象相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:39 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python datetime type;" +" it is the same object as :class:`datetime.datetime` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例代表 Python 日期时间类型；它与 Python 层面的 " +":class:`datetime.datetime` 对象相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:44 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python time type; it " +"is the same object as :class:`datetime.time` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例代表 Python 时间类型；它与 Python 层面的 " +":class:`datetime.time` 对象相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:49 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents Python type for the " +"difference between two datetime values; it is the same object as " +":class:`datetime.timedelta` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例是代表两个日期时间值之间差值的 Python 类型；它与 Python 层面的 " +":class:`datetime.timedelta` 对象相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:55 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python time zone info" +" type; it is the same object as :class:`datetime.tzinfo` in the Python " +"layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例代表 Python 时区信息类型；它与 Python 层面的 " +":class:`datetime.tzinfo` 对象相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:59 +msgid "Macro for access to the UTC singleton:" +msgstr "宏访问UTC单例:" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Returns the time zone singleton representing UTC, the same object as " +":attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`." +msgstr "返回表示 UTC 的时区单例，与 :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc` 为同一对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:69 +msgid "Type-check macros:" +msgstr "类型检查宏：" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateType` or a subtype of" +" :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DateType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function " +"always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateType` 类型或 :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DateType` " +"的某个子类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateType`. *ob* must not " +"be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateType` 类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateTimeType` or a " +"subtype of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DateTimeType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. " +"This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateTimeType` 类型或 " +":c:data:`!PyDateTime_DateTimeType` 的某个子类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateTimeType`. *ob* must " +"not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_DateTimeType` 类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeType` or a subtype of" +" :c:data:`!PyDateTime_TimeType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This function " +"always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeType` 类型或 :c:data:`!PyDateTime_TimeType` " +"的某个子类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeType`. *ob* must not " +"be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeType` 类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DeltaType` or a subtype " +"of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DeltaType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_DeltaType` 类型或 :c:data:`!PyDateTime_DeltaType`" +" 的某个子类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_DeltaType`. *ob* must not" +" be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_DeltaType` 类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TZInfoType` or a subtype " +"of :c:data:`!PyDateTime_TZInfoType`. *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_TZInfoType` 类型或 " +":c:data:`!PyDateTime_TZInfoType` 的某个子类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is of type :c:data:`PyDateTime_TZInfoType`. *ob* must " +"not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 为 :c:data:`PyDateTime_TZInfoType` 类型则返回真值。 *ob* 不能为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:136 +msgid "Macros to create objects:" +msgstr "用于创建对象的宏：" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.date` object with the specified year, month and " +"day." +msgstr "返回指定年、月、日的 :class:`datetime.date` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.datetime` object with the specified year, month, " +"day, hour, minute, second and microsecond." +msgstr "" +"返回具有指定 year, month, day, hour, minute, second 和 microsecond 属性的 " +":class:`datetime.datetime` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.datetime` object with the specified year, month, " +"day, hour, minute, second, microsecond and fold." +msgstr "" +"返回具有指定 year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond 和 fold 属性的 " +":class:`datetime.datetime` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.time` object with the specified hour, minute, " +"second and microsecond." +msgstr "" +"返回具有指定 hour, minute, second and microsecond 属性的 :class:`datetime.time` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.time` object with the specified hour, minute, " +"second, microsecond and fold." +msgstr "" +"返回具有指定 hour, minute, second, microsecond 和 fold 属性的 :class:`datetime.time` " +"对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object representing the given number of" +" days, seconds and microseconds. Normalization is performed so that the " +"resulting number of microseconds and seconds lie in the ranges documented " +"for :class:`datetime.timedelta` objects." +msgstr "" +"返回代表给定天、秒和微秒数的 :class:`datetime.timedelta` 对象。 将执行正规化操作以使最终的微秒和秒数处在 " +":class:`datetime.timedelta` 对象的文档指明的区间之内。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.timezone` object with an unnamed fixed offset " +"represented by the *offset* argument." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`datetime.timezone` 对象，该对象具有以 *offset* 参数表示 的未命名固定时差。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`datetime.timezone` object with a fixed offset represented " +"by the *offset* argument and with tzname *name*." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`datetime.timezone` 对象，该对象具有以 *offset* 参数表示的固定时差和时区名称 *name*。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Macros to extract fields from date objects. The argument must be an " +"instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_Date`, including subclasses (such as " +":c:type:`PyDateTime_DateTime`). The argument must not be ``NULL``, and the " +"type is not checked:" +msgstr "" +"一些用来从日期对象中提取字段的宏。 参数必须是 :c:type:`PyDateTime_Date` 包括其子类 (如 " +":c:type:`PyDateTime_DateTime`) 的实例。 参数不能为 ``NULL``，且不会检查类型:" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:202 +msgid "Return the year, as a positive int." +msgstr "以正整数的形式返回年份值。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:207 +msgid "Return the month, as an int from 1 through 12." +msgstr "返回月，从0到12的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:212 +msgid "Return the day, as an int from 1 through 31." +msgstr "返回日期，从0到31的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Macros to extract fields from datetime objects. The argument must be an " +"instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_DateTime`, including subclasses. The " +"argument must not be ``NULL``, and the type is not checked:" +msgstr "" +"一些用来从日期时间对象中提取字段的宏。 参数必须是 :c:type:`PyDateTime_DateTime` 包括其子类的实例。 参数不能为 " +"``NULL``，并且不会检查类型:" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:221 ../../c-api/datetime.rst:259 +msgid "Return the hour, as an int from 0 through 23." +msgstr "返回小时，从0到23的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:226 ../../c-api/datetime.rst:264 +msgid "Return the minute, as an int from 0 through 59." +msgstr "返回分钟，从0到59的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:231 ../../c-api/datetime.rst:269 +msgid "Return the second, as an int from 0 through 59." +msgstr "返回秒，从0到59的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:236 ../../c-api/datetime.rst:274 +msgid "Return the microsecond, as an int from 0 through 999999." +msgstr "返回微秒，从0到999999的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:241 ../../c-api/datetime.rst:279 +msgid "Return the fold, as an int from 0 through 1." +msgstr "返回折叠值，为整数 0 或 1。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:248 ../../c-api/datetime.rst:286 +msgid "Return the tzinfo (which may be ``None``)." +msgstr "返回 tzinfo (可以为 ``None``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Macros to extract fields from time objects. The argument must be an " +"instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_Time`, including subclasses. The argument " +"must not be ``NULL``, and the type is not checked:" +msgstr "" +"一些用来从时间对象中提取字段的宏。 参数必须是 :c:type:`PyDateTime_Time` 包括其子类的实例。 参数不能为 " +"``NULL``，且不会检查类型:" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Macros to extract fields from time delta objects. The argument must be an " +"instance of :c:type:`PyDateTime_Delta`, including subclasses. The argument " +"must not be ``NULL``, and the type is not checked:" +msgstr "" +"一些用来从时间差对象中提取字段的宏。 参数必须是 :c:type:`PyDateTime_Delta` 包括其子类的实例。参数不能为 " +"``NULL``，并且不会检查类型:" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:297 +msgid "Return the number of days, as an int from -999999999 to 999999999." +msgstr "返回天数，从-999999999到999999999的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:304 +msgid "Return the number of seconds, as an int from 0 through 86399." +msgstr "返回秒数，从0到86399的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:311 +msgid "Return the number of microseconds, as an int from 0 through 999999." +msgstr "返回微秒数，从0到999999的整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:316 +msgid "Macros for the convenience of modules implementing the DB API:" +msgstr "一些便于模块实现 DB API 的宏:" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Create and return a new :class:`datetime.datetime` object given an argument " +"tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp`." +msgstr "" +"创建并返回一个给定参数元组的新 :class:`datetime.datetime` 对象，适合传给 " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp`。" + +#: ../../c-api/datetime.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Create and return a new :class:`datetime.date` object given an argument " +"tuple suitable for passing to :meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp`." +msgstr "" +"创建并返回一个新的 :class:`datetime.date` 对象，给定一个适合传递给 " +":meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp` 的参数元组" diff --git a/c-api/descriptor.po b/c-api/descriptor.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad91f9913 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/descriptor.po @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/descriptor.rst:6 +msgid "Descriptor Objects" +msgstr "描述符对象" + +#: ../../c-api/descriptor.rst:8 +msgid "" +"\"Descriptors\" are objects that describe some attribute of an object. They " +"are found in the dictionary of type objects." +msgstr "“描述符”是描述对象的某些属性的对象。它们存在于类型对象的字典中。" + +#: ../../c-api/descriptor.rst:15 +msgid "The type object for the built-in descriptor types." +msgstr "内建描述符类型的类型对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/descriptor.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the descriptor objects *descr* describes a data " +"attribute, or ``0`` if it describes a method. *descr* must be a descriptor " +"object; there is no error checking." +msgstr "" +"如果描述符对象 *descr* 描述的是一个数据属性则返回非零值，或者如果它描述的是一个方法则返回 ``0``。 *descr* " +"必须为一个描述符对象；不会进行错误检测。" diff --git a/c-api/dict.po b/c-api/dict.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30a5a77e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/dict.po @@ -0,0 +1,614 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# Josh Ouyang , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 安龙, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:6 +msgid "Dictionary Objects" +msgstr "字典对象" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python dictionary object." +msgstr "这个 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型代表一个Python字典对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python dictionary " +"type. This is the same object as :class:`dict` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"Python字典类型表示为 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例。这与Python层面的 :class:`dict` 是相同的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a dict object or an instance of a subtype of the dict " +"type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 dict 对象或者 dict 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a dict object, but not an instance of a subtype of the" +" dict type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 dict 对象但不是 dict 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:36 +msgid "Return a new empty dictionary, or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "返回一个新的空字典，失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`types.MappingProxyType` object for a mapping which enforces" +" read-only behavior. This is normally used to create a view to prevent " +"modification of the dictionary for non-dynamic class types." +msgstr "" +"返回 :class:`types.MappingProxyType` 对象，用于强制执行只读行为的映射。这通常用于创建视图以防止修改非动态类类型的字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:48 +msgid "Empty an existing dictionary of all key-value pairs." +msgstr "清空现有字典的所有键值对。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Determine if dictionary *p* contains *key*. If an item in *p* is matches " +"*key*, return ``1``, otherwise return ``0``. On error, return ``-1``. This " +"is equivalent to the Python expression ``key in p``." +msgstr "" +"确定 *key* 是否包含在字典 *p* 中。如果 *key* 匹配上 *p* 的某一项，则返回 ``1`` ，否则返回 ``0`` 。返回 " +"``-1`` 表示出错。这等同于Python表达式 ``key in p`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:60 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyDict_Contains`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyDict_Contains` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为一个 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:69 +msgid "Return a new dictionary that contains the same key-value pairs as *p*." +msgstr "返回与 *p* 包含相同键值对的新字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Insert *val* into the dictionary *p* with a key of *key*. *key* must be " +":term:`hashable`; if it isn't, :exc:`TypeError` will be raised. Return ``0``" +" on success or ``-1`` on failure. This function *does not* steal a " +"reference to *val*." +msgstr "" +"使用 *key* 作为键将 *val* 插入字典 *p*。 *key* 必须为 :term:`hashable`；如果不是，则将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``。 此函数 *不会* 附带对 *val* 的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:82 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyDict_SetItem`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyDict_SetItem` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Remove the entry in dictionary *p* with key *key*. *key* must be " +":term:`hashable`; if it isn't, :exc:`TypeError` is raised. If *key* is not " +"in the dictionary, :exc:`KeyError` is raised. Return ``0`` on success or " +"``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"移除字典 *p* 中键为 *key* 的条目。 *key* 必须是 :term:`hashable`；如果不是，则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 如果字典中没有 *key*，则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。 成功时返回 ``0`` 或者失败时返回 " +"``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:97 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyDict_DelItem`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyDict_DelItem` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Return a new :term:`strong reference` to the object from dictionary *p* " +"which has a key *key*:" +msgstr "返回一个新的指向字典 *p* 中对应键 *key* 的对象的 :term:`strong reference`:" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:107 +msgid "" +"If the key is present, set *\\*result* to a new :term:`strong reference` to " +"the value and return ``1``." +msgstr "如果存在该键，则将 *\\*result* 设为一个新的指向该值的 :term:`strong reference` 并返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:109 +msgid "If the key is missing, set *\\*result* to ``NULL`` and return ``0``." +msgstr "如果不存在该键，则将 *\\*result* 设为 ``NULL`` 并返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:110 ../../c-api/dict.rst:207 +msgid "On error, raise an exception and return ``-1``." +msgstr "发生错误时，将引发异常并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:114 +msgid "See also the :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` function." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`borrowed reference` to the object from dictionary *p* which " +"has a key *key*. Return ``NULL`` if the key *key* is missing *without* " +"setting an exception." +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向字典 *p* 中对应键 *key* 的对象的 :term:`borrowed reference`。 如果不存在键 *key* 则返回 " +"``NULL`` 且 *不会* 设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Exceptions that occur while this calls :meth:`~object.__hash__` and " +":meth:`~object.__eq__` methods are silently ignored. Prefer the " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError` function instead." +msgstr "" +"在调用 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 和 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 方法时发生的异常将被静默地忽略。 建议改用 " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Calling this API without :term:`GIL` held had been allowed for historical " +"reason. It is no longer allowed." +msgstr "在不保持 :term:`GIL` 的情况下调用此 API 曾因历史原因而被允许。 现在已不再被允许。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Variant of :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` that does not suppress exceptions. " +"Return ``NULL`` **with** an exception set if an exception occurred. Return " +"``NULL`` **without** an exception set if the key wasn't present." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` 的变种，它不会屏蔽异常。 当异常发生时将返回 ``NULL`` **并且** 设置一个异常。 " +"如果键不存在则返回 ``NULL`` **并且不会** 设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:144 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` 一样，但 *key* 是由一个 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串来指定的，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Exceptions that occur while this calls :meth:`~object.__hash__` and " +":meth:`~object.__eq__` methods or while creating the temporary :class:`str` " +"object are silently ignored. Prefer using the " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError` function with your own " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` *key* instead." +msgstr "" +"在调用 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 和 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 方法时或者在创建临时 " +":class:`str` 对象期间发生的异常将被静默地忽略。 建议改用 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError` " +"函数并附带你自己的 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` *key*。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`，但 *key* 被指定为一个 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:168 +msgid "" +"This is the same as the Python-level :meth:`dict.setdefault`. If present, " +"it returns the value corresponding to *key* from the dictionary *p*. If the" +" key is not in the dict, it is inserted with value *defaultobj* and " +"*defaultobj* is returned. This function evaluates the hash function of " +"*key* only once, instead of evaluating it independently for the lookup and " +"the insertion." +msgstr "" +"这跟Python层面的 :meth:`dict.setdefault` 一样。如果键 *key* 存在，它返回在字典 *p* " +"里面对应的值。如果键不存在，它会和值 *defaultobj* 一起插入并返回 *defaultobj* 。这个函数只计算 *key* " +"的哈希函数一次，而不是在查找和插入时分别计算它。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Inserts *default_value* into the dictionary *p* with a key of *key* if the " +"key is not already present in the dictionary. If *result* is not ``NULL``, " +"then *\\*result* is set to a :term:`strong reference` to either " +"*default_value*, if the key was not present, or the existing value, if *key*" +" was already present in the dictionary. Returns ``1`` if the key was present" +" and *default_value* was not inserted, or ``0`` if the key was not present " +"and *default_value* was inserted. On failure, returns ``-1``, sets an " +"exception, and sets ``*result`` to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果键 *key* 在字典 *p* 中尚不存在则将该键和值 *default_value* 插入到该字典中。 如果 *result* 不为 " +"``NULL``，那么当该键不存在时将 *\\*result* 设为指向 *default_value* 的 :term:`strong " +"reference`，或者当 *key* 已存在于该字典中时将其设为原有的值。 如果该键已存在并且未插入 *default_value* 则返回 " +"``1``，或者如果如果该键不存在并且已插入 *default_value* 则返回 ``0``。 当执行失败时，将返回 " +"``-1``，设置一个异常，并将 ``*result`` 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:189 +msgid "" +"For clarity: if you have a strong reference to *default_value* before " +"calling this function, then after it returns, you hold a strong reference to" +" both *default_value* and *\\*result* (if it's not ``NULL``). These may " +"refer to the same object: in that case you hold two separate references to " +"it." +msgstr "" +"澄清一点：如果你在调用此函数前持有指向 *default_value* 的强引用，那么在它返回之后，你将同时持有指向 *default_value* 和" +" *\\*result* (如果它不为 ``NULL``) 的强引用。 两者可能指向同一个对象：在此情况下你将持有两个指向它的单独引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Remove *key* from dictionary *p* and optionally return the removed value. Do" +" not raise :exc:`KeyError` if the key missing." +msgstr "从字典 *p* 中移除 *key* 并可选择返回被移除的值。 当键不存在时不会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:203 +msgid "" +"If the key is present, set *\\*result* to a new reference to the removed " +"value if *result* is not ``NULL``, and return ``1``." +msgstr "如果键存在，则在 *result* 不为 ``NULL`` 时将 *\\*result* 设为一个新的指向被移除值的引用，并返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:205 +msgid "" +"If the key is missing, set *\\*result* to ``NULL`` if *result* is not " +"``NULL``, and return ``0``." +msgstr "如果不存在该键，则在 *result* 不为 ``NULL`` 时将 *\\*result* 设为 ``NULL``，并返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`dict.pop`, but without the default value and not raising " +":exc:`KeyError` if the key missing." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`dict.pop`，但没有默认值并且当键不存在时不会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyDict_Pop`, but *key* is specified as a :c:expr:`const " +"char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a :c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyDict_Pop`，但 *key* 是以一个 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串形式指定的，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Return a :c:type:`PyListObject` containing all the items from the " +"dictionary." +msgstr "返回一个包含字典中所有键值项的 :c:type:`PyListObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Return a :c:type:`PyListObject` containing all the keys from the dictionary." +msgstr "返回一个包含字典中所有键(keys)的 :c:type:`PyListObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Return a :c:type:`PyListObject` containing all the values from the " +"dictionary *p*." +msgstr "返回一个包含字典中所有值(values)的 :c:type:`PyListObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Return the number of items in the dictionary. This is equivalent to " +"``len(p)`` on a dictionary." +msgstr "返回字典中项目数，等价于对字典 *p* 使用 ``len(p)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Iterate over all key-value pairs in the dictionary *p*. The " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` referred to by *ppos* must be initialized to ``0`` " +"prior to the first call to this function to start the iteration; the " +"function returns true for each pair in the dictionary, and false once all " +"pairs have been reported. The parameters *pkey* and *pvalue* should either " +"point to :c:expr:`PyObject*` variables that will be filled in with each key " +"and value, respectively, or may be ``NULL``. Any references returned " +"through them are borrowed. *ppos* should not be altered during iteration. " +"Its value represents offsets within the internal dictionary structure, and " +"since the structure is sparse, the offsets are not consecutive." +msgstr "" +"迭代字典 *p* 中的所有键值对。 在第一次调用此函数开始迭代之前，由 *ppos* 所引用的 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 必须被初始化为" +" ``0``；该函数将为字典中的每个键值对返回真值，一旦所有键值对都报告完毕则返回假值。 形参 *pkey* 和 *pvalue* 应当指向 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` 变量，它们将分别使用每个键和值来填充，或者也可以为 ``NULL``。 通过它们返回的任何引用都是暂借的。 " +"*ppos* 在迭代期间不应被更改。 它的值表示内部字典结构中的偏移量，并且由于结构是稀疏的，因此偏移量并不连续。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:261 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:263 +msgid "" +"PyObject *key, *value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t pos = 0;\n" +"\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" /* do something interesting with the values... */\n" +" ...\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *key, *value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t pos = 0;\n" +"\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" /* 用这些值做些有趣的事... */\n" +" ...\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:271 +msgid "" +"The dictionary *p* should not be mutated during iteration. It is safe to " +"modify the values of the keys as you iterate over the dictionary, but only " +"so long as the set of keys does not change. For example::" +msgstr "字典 *p* 不应该在遍历期间发生改变。在遍历字典时，改变键中的值是安全的，但仅限于键的集合不发生改变。例如::" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:275 +msgid "" +"PyObject *key, *value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t pos = 0;\n" +"\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" long i = PyLong_AsLong(value);\n" +" if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" PyObject *o = PyLong_FromLong(i + 1);\n" +" if (o == NULL)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" if (PyDict_SetItem(self->dict, key, o) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(o);\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_DECREF(o);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *key, *value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t pos = 0;\n" +"\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" long i = PyLong_AsLong(value);\n" +" if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" PyObject *o = PyLong_FromLong(i + 1);\n" +" if (o == NULL)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" if (PyDict_SetItem(self->dict, key, o) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(o);\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_DECREF(o);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:293 +msgid "" +"The function is not thread-safe in the :term:`free-threaded ` build without external synchronization. You can use " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION` to lock the dictionary while iterating " +"over it::" +msgstr "" +"此函数在没有外部同步的 :term:`自由线程 ` 编译版中不是线程安全的。 你可以使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION` 在迭代字典时锁定它::" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:298 +msgid "" +"Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self->dict);\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" ...\n" +"}\n" +"Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();" +msgstr "" +"Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self->dict);\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" ...\n" +"}\n" +"Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Iterate over mapping object *b* adding key-value pairs to dictionary *a*. " +"*b* may be a dictionary, or any object supporting :c:func:`PyMapping_Keys` " +"and :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem`. If *override* is true, existing pairs in *a*" +" will be replaced if a matching key is found in *b*, otherwise pairs will " +"only be added if there is not a matching key in *a*. Return ``0`` on success" +" or ``-1`` if an exception was raised." +msgstr "" +"对映射对象 *b* 进行迭代，将键值对添加到字典 *a*。 *b* 可以是一个字典，或任何支持 :c:func:`PyMapping_Keys` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` 的对象。 如果 *override* 为真值，则如果在 *b* 中找到相同的键则 *a* " +"中已存在的相应键值对将被替换，否则如果在 *a* 中没有相同的键则只是添加键值对。 当成功时返回 ``0`` 或者当引发异常时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:317 +msgid "" +"This is the same as ``PyDict_Merge(a, b, 1)`` in C, and is similar to " +"``a.update(b)`` in Python except that :c:func:`PyDict_Update` doesn't fall " +"back to the iterating over a sequence of key value pairs if the second " +"argument has no \"keys\" attribute. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` if an" +" exception was raised." +msgstr "" +"这与 C 中的 ``PyDict_Merge(a, b, 1)`` 一样，也类似于 Python 中的 ``a.update(b)``，差别在于 " +":c:func:`PyDict_Update` 在第二个参数没有 \"keys\" 属性时不会回退到迭代键值对的序列。 当成功时返回 ``0`` " +"或者当引发异常时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Update or merge into dictionary *a*, from the key-value pairs in *seq2*. " +"*seq2* must be an iterable object producing iterable objects of length 2, " +"viewed as key-value pairs. In case of duplicate keys, the last wins if " +"*override* is true, else the first wins. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` " +"if an exception was raised. Equivalent Python (except for the return " +"value)::" +msgstr "" +"将 *seq2* 中的键值对更新或合并到字典 *a*。 *seq2* 必须为产生长度为 2 的用作键值对的元素的可迭代对象。 当存在重复的键时，如果 " +"*override* 真值则最后出现的键胜出。 当成功时返回 ``0`` 或者当引发异常时返回 ``-1``。 等价的 Python " +"代码（返回值除外）::" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:333 +msgid "" +"def PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(a, seq2, override):\n" +" for key, value in seq2:\n" +" if override or key not in a:\n" +" a[key] = value" +msgstr "" +"def PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(a, seq2, override):\n" +" for key, value in seq2:\n" +" if override or key not in a:\n" +" a[key] = value" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:340 +msgid "" +"Register *callback* as a dictionary watcher. Return a non-negative integer " +"id which must be passed to future calls to :c:func:`PyDict_Watch`. In case " +"of error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available), return ``-1`` and set an " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"在字典上注册 *callback* 来作为 watcher。返回值为非负数的整数 id，作为将来调用 :c:func:`PyDict_Watch` " +"的时候使用。如果出现错误（比如没有足够的可用 watcher ID），返回 ``-1`` 并且设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Clear watcher identified by *watcher_id* previously returned from " +":c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher`. Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on error (e.g. " +"if the given *watcher_id* was never registered.)" +msgstr "" +"清空由之前从 :c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher` 返回的 *watcher_id* 所标识的 watcher。 成功时返回 " +"``0``，出错时（例如当给定的 *watcher_id* 未被注册）返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Mark dictionary *dict* as watched. The callback granted *watcher_id* by " +":c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher` will be called when *dict* is modified or " +"deallocated. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +"将字典 *dict* 标记为已被监视。 由 :c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher` 授权 *watcher_id* 对应的回调将在 " +"*dict* 被修改或释放时被调用。 成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:365 +msgid "" +"Mark dictionary *dict* as no longer watched. The callback granted " +"*watcher_id* by :c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher` will no longer be called when " +"*dict* is modified or deallocated. The dict must previously have been " +"watched by this watcher. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +"将字典 *dict* 标记为不再被监视。 由 :c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher` 授权 *watcher_id* 对应的回调在 " +"*dict* 被修改或释放时将不再被调用。 该字典在此之前必须已被此监视器所监视。 成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Enumeration of possible dictionary watcher events: ``PyDict_EVENT_ADDED``, " +"``PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED``, ``PyDict_EVENT_DELETED``, " +"``PyDict_EVENT_CLONED``, ``PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED``, or " +"``PyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED``." +msgstr "" +"由以下可能的字典监视器事件组成的枚举: ``PyDict_EVENT_ADDED``, ``PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED``, " +"``PyDict_EVENT_DELETED``, ``PyDict_EVENT_CLONED``, ``PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED`` " +"或 ``PyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:382 +msgid "Type of a dict watcher callback function." +msgstr "字典监视器回调函数的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:384 +msgid "" +"If *event* is ``PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED`` or ``PyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED``, both" +" *key* and *new_value* will be ``NULL``. If *event* is " +"``PyDict_EVENT_ADDED`` or ``PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED``, *new_value* will be the" +" new value for *key*. If *event* is ``PyDict_EVENT_DELETED``, *key* is being" +" deleted from the dictionary and *new_value* will be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *event* 是 ``PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED`` 或 ``PyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED``，则 *key*" +" 和 *new_value* 都将为 ``NULL``。 如果 *event* 是 ``PyDict_EVENT_ADDED`` 或 " +"``PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED``，则 *new_value* 将为 *key* 的新值。 如果 *event* 是 " +"``PyDict_EVENT_DELETED``，则将从字典中删除 *key* 而 *new_value* 将为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:390 +msgid "" +"``PyDict_EVENT_CLONED`` occurs when *dict* was previously empty and another " +"dict is merged into it. To maintain efficiency of this operation, per-key " +"``PyDict_EVENT_ADDED`` events are not issued in this case; instead a single " +"``PyDict_EVENT_CLONED`` is issued, and *key* will be the source dictionary." +msgstr "" +"``PyDict_EVENT_CLONED`` 会在另一个字典合并到之前为空的 *dict* 时发生。 为保证此操作的效率，该场景不会发出针对单个键的 " +"``PyDict_EVENT_ADDED`` 事件；而是发出单个 ``PyDict_EVENT_CLONED``，而 *key* 将为源字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:396 +msgid "" +"The callback may inspect but must not modify *dict*; doing so could have " +"unpredictable effects, including infinite recursion. Do not trigger Python " +"code execution in the callback, as it could modify the dict as a side " +"effect." +msgstr "" +"该回调可以检查但不能修改 *dict*；否则会产生不可预料的影响，包括无限递归。 请不要在该回调中触发 Python 代码的执行，因为它可能产生修改 " +"dict 的附带影响。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:400 +msgid "" +"If *event* is ``PyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED``, taking a new reference in the " +"callback to the about-to-be-destroyed dictionary will resurrect it and " +"prevent it from being freed at this time. When the resurrected object is " +"destroyed later, any watcher callbacks active at that time will be called " +"again." +msgstr "" +"如果 *event* 是 " +"``PyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED``，则在回调中接受一个对即将销毁的字典的新引用将使其重生并阻止其在此时被释放。 " +"当重生的对象以后再被销毁时，任何在当时已激活的监视器回调将再次被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Callbacks occur before the notified modification to *dict* takes place, so " +"the prior state of *dict* can be inspected." +msgstr "回调会在已通知的对 *dict* 的修改完成之前执行，这样在此之前的 *dict* 状态可以被检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:409 +msgid "" +"If the callback sets an exception, it must return ``-1``; this exception " +"will be printed as an unraisable exception using " +":c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable`. Otherwise it should return ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果该回调设置了一个异常，则它必须返回 ``-1``；此异常将作为不可引发的异常使用 :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` " +"打印出来。 在其他情况下它应当返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:413 +msgid "" +"There may already be a pending exception set on entry to the callback. In " +"this case, the callback should return ``0`` with the same exception still " +"set. This means the callback may not call any other API that can set an " +"exception unless it saves and clears the exception state first, and restores" +" it before returning." +msgstr "" +"在进入回调时可能已经设置了尚未处理的异常。 在此情况下，回调应当返回 ``0`` 并仍然设置同样的异常。 这意味着该回调可能不会调用任何其他可设置异常的" +" API 除非它先保存并清空异常状态，并在返回之前恢复它。" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:8 +msgid "dictionary" +msgstr "dictionary -- 字典" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:242 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/dict.rst:242 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" diff --git a/c-api/exceptions.po b/c-api/exceptions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a43601399 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/exceptions.po @@ -0,0 +1,2204 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# allenjuly7 , 2021 +# Ziqi Wang , 2021 +# Yi Cao <1783250036@qq.com>, 2021 +# jsgang , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# helloworldSB , 2021 +# 文博 周 , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# cdarlint , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2023 +# 云line, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:8 +msgid "Exception Handling" +msgstr "异常处理" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The functions described in this chapter will let you handle and raise Python" +" exceptions. It is important to understand some of the basics of Python " +"exception handling. It works somewhat like the POSIX :c:data:`errno` " +"variable: there is a global indicator (per thread) of the last error that " +"occurred. Most C API functions don't clear this on success, but will set it" +" to indicate the cause of the error on failure. Most C API functions also " +"return an error indicator, usually ``NULL`` if they are supposed to return a" +" pointer, or ``-1`` if they return an integer (exception: the ``PyArg_*`` " +"functions return ``1`` for success and ``0`` for failure)." +msgstr "" +"本章描述的函数将让你处理和触发 Python 异常。 了解一些 Python 异常处理的基础知识是很重要的。 它的工作原理有点像 POSIX " +":c:data:`errno` 变量: (每个线程) 有一个最近发生的错误的全局指示器。 大多数 C API 函数在成功执行时将不理会它。 大多数 C " +"API 函数也会返回一个错误指示器，如果它们应当返回一个指针则会返回 ``NULL``，或者如果它们应当返回一个整数则会返回 ``-1`` (例外情况:" +" ``PyArg_*`` 函数返回 ``1`` 表示成功而 ``0`` 表示失败)。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Concretely, the error indicator consists of three object pointers: the " +"exception's type, the exception's value, and the traceback object. Any of " +"those pointers can be ``NULL`` if non-set (although some combinations are " +"forbidden, for example you can't have a non-``NULL`` traceback if the " +"exception type is ``NULL``)." +msgstr "" +"具体地说，错误指示器由三个对象指针组成：异常的类型，异常的值，和回溯对象。如果没有错误被设置，这些指针都可以是 ``NULL`` " +"（尽管一些组合使禁止的，例如，如果异常类型是 ``NULL``，你不能有一个非 ``NULL`` 的回溯）。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:26 +msgid "" +"When a function must fail because some function it called failed, it " +"generally doesn't set the error indicator; the function it called already " +"set it. It is responsible for either handling the error and clearing the " +"exception or returning after cleaning up any resources it holds (such as " +"object references or memory allocations); it should *not* continue normally " +"if it is not prepared to handle the error. If returning due to an error, it" +" is important to indicate to the caller that an error has been set. If the " +"error is not handled or carefully propagated, additional calls into the " +"Python/C API may not behave as intended and may fail in mysterious ways." +msgstr "" +"当一个函数由于它调用的某个函数失败而必须失败时，通常不会设置错误指示器；它调用的那个函数已经设置了它。而它负责处理错误和清理异常，或在清除其拥有的所有资源后返回（如对象应用或内存分配）。如果不准备处理异常，则" +" *不* 应该正常地继续。如果是由于一个错误返回，那么一定要向调用者表明已经设置了错误。如果错误没有得到处理或小心传播，对 Python/C " +"API的其它调用可能不会有预期的行为，并且可能会以某种神秘的方式失败。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The error indicator is **not** the result of :func:`sys.exc_info`. The " +"former corresponds to an exception that is not yet caught (and is therefore " +"still propagating), while the latter returns an exception after it is caught" +" (and has therefore stopped propagating)." +msgstr "" +"错误指示器 **不是** :func:`sys.exc_info` 的执行结果。 " +"前者对应于尚未捕获（因而仍在传播）的异常，而后者会在异常被捕获之后（因而已停止传播）返回它。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:44 +msgid "Printing and clearing" +msgstr "打印和清理" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Clear the error indicator. If the error indicator is not set, there is no " +"effect." +msgstr "清除错误指示器。如果没有设置错误指示器，则不会有作用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Print a standard traceback to ``sys.stderr`` and clear the error indicator. " +"**Unless** the error is a ``SystemExit``, in that case no traceback is " +"printed and the Python process will exit with the error code specified by " +"the ``SystemExit`` instance." +msgstr "" +"将标准回溯打印到 ``sys.stderr`` 并清除错误指示器。**除非** 错误是 " +"``SystemExit``，这种情况下不会打印回溯进程，且会退出 Python 进程，并显示 ``SystemExit`` 实例指定的错误代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Call this function **only** when the error indicator is set. Otherwise it " +"will cause a fatal error!" +msgstr "只有在错误指示器被设置时才需要调用这个函数，否则这会导致错误！" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:63 +msgid "" +"If *set_sys_last_vars* is nonzero, the variable :data:`sys.last_exc` is set " +"to the printed exception. For backwards compatibility, the deprecated " +"variables :data:`sys.last_type`, :data:`sys.last_value` and " +":data:`sys.last_traceback` are also set to the type, value and traceback of " +"this exception, respectively." +msgstr "" +"如果 *set_sys_last_vars* 为非零值，则变量 :data:`sys.last_exc` 将被设为要打印的异常。 " +"出于向下兼容性考虑，已弃用的变量 :data:`sys.last_type`, :data:`sys.last_value` 和 " +":data:`sys.last_traceback` 也会被分别设为该异常的类型, 值和回溯。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:69 +msgid "The setting of :data:`sys.last_exc` was added." +msgstr "增加了对 :data:`sys.last_exc` 的设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:75 +msgid "Alias for ``PyErr_PrintEx(1)``." +msgstr "``PyErr_PrintEx(1)`` 的别名。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Call :func:`sys.unraisablehook` using the current exception and *obj* " +"argument." +msgstr "使用当前异常和 *obj* 参数调用 :func:`sys.unraisablehook`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:83 +msgid "" +"This utility function prints a warning message to ``sys.stderr`` when an " +"exception has been set but it is impossible for the interpreter to actually " +"raise the exception. It is used, for example, when an exception occurs in " +"an :meth:`~object.__del__` method." +msgstr "" +"当异常已被设置但解释器不可能实际引发该异常时，这个工具函数会向 ``sys.stderr`` 打印一条警告消息。 例如，当异常发生在 " +":meth:`~object.__del__` 方法中时就会使用该函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The function is called with a single argument *obj* that identifies the " +"context in which the unraisable exception occurred. If possible, the repr of" +" *obj* will be printed in the warning message. If *obj* is ``NULL``, only " +"the traceback is printed." +msgstr "" +"该函数调用时将传入单个参数 *obj*，它标识发生不可引发的异常所在的上下文。 如果可能，*obj* 的表示形式将打印在警告消息中。 如果 *obj* " +"为 ``NULL``，将只打印回溯。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:93 +msgid "An exception must be set when calling this function." +msgstr "调用此函数时必须设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:95 +msgid "Print a traceback. Print only traceback if *obj* is ``NULL``." +msgstr "打印回溯信息。 如果 *obj* 为 ``NULL`` 将只打印回溯。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:98 +msgid "Use :func:`sys.unraisablehook`." +msgstr "使用 :func:`sys.unraisablehook`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable`, but the *format* and subsequent " +"parameters help format the warning message; they have the same meaning and " +"values as in :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`. ``PyErr_WriteUnraisable(obj)`` " +"is roughly equivalent to ``PyErr_FormatUnraisable(\"Exception ignored in: " +"%R\", obj)``. If *format* is ``NULL``, only the traceback is printed." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` 类似，但 *format* 和后续的形参有助于格式化警告消息；它们的含义和值与 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 中的相同。 ``PyErr_WriteUnraisable(obj)`` 大致等价于 " +"``PyErr_FormatUnraisable(\"Exception ignored in: %R\", obj)``。 如果 *format* 为" +" ``NULL``，则只打印回溯信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Print the standard traceback display of ``exc`` to ``sys.stderr``, including" +" chained exceptions and notes." +msgstr "将 ``exc`` 的标准回溯显示打印到 ``sys.stderr``，包括链式异常和注释。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:123 +msgid "Raising exceptions" +msgstr "抛出异常" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:125 +msgid "" +"These functions help you set the current thread's error indicator. For " +"convenience, some of these functions will always return a ``NULL`` pointer " +"for use in a ``return`` statement." +msgstr "这些函数可帮助你设置当前线程的错误指示器。为了方便起见，一些函数将始终返回 ``NULL`` 指针，以便用于 ``return`` 语句。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:132 +msgid "" +"This is the most common way to set the error indicator. The first argument " +"specifies the exception type; it is normally one of the standard exceptions," +" e.g. :c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeError`. You need not create a new :term:`strong" +" reference` to it (e.g. with :c:func:`Py_INCREF`). The second argument is an" +" error message; it is decoded from ``'utf-8'``." +msgstr "" +"这是设置错误指示器最常用的方式。 第一个参数指定异常类型；它通常为某个标准异常，例如 :c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeError`。 " +"你无需为其创建新的 :term:`strong reference` (例如使用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF`)。 " +"第二个参数是一条错误消息；它是用 ``'utf-8'`` 解码的。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:141 +msgid "" +"This function is similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` but lets you specify " +"an arbitrary Python object for the \"value\" of the exception." +msgstr "此函数类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SetString`，但是允许你为异常的“值”指定任意一个 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:147 +msgid "" +"This function sets the error indicator and returns ``NULL``. *exception* " +"should be a Python exception class. The *format* and subsequent parameters " +"help format the error message; they have the same meaning and values as in " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`. *format* is an ASCII-encoded string." +msgstr "" +"这个函数设置了一个错误指示器并且返回了 ``NULL``，*exception* 应当是一个 Python 中的异常类。*format* " +"和随后的形参会帮助格式化这个错误的信息；它们与 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 有着相同的含义和值。*format* " +"是一个ASCII编码的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Same as :c:func:`PyErr_Format`, but taking a :c:type:`va_list` argument " +"rather than a variable number of arguments." +msgstr "" +"和 :c:func:`PyErr_Format` 相同，但它接受一个 :c:type:`va_list` 类型的参数而不是可变数量的参数集。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:164 +msgid "This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetObject(type, Py_None)``." +msgstr "这是 ``PyErr_SetObject(type, Py_None)`` 的简写。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:169 +msgid "" +"This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message)``, where" +" *message* indicates that a built-in operation was invoked with an illegal " +"argument. It is mostly for internal use." +msgstr "" +"这是 ``PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message)`` 的简写，其中 *message* " +"指出使用了非法参数调用内置操作。它主要用于内部使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:176 +msgid "" +"This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError)``; it returns " +"``NULL`` so an object allocation function can write ``return " +"PyErr_NoMemory();`` when it runs out of memory." +msgstr "" +"这是 ``PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError)`` 的简写；它返回 ``NULL`` ，以便当内存耗尽时，对象分配函数可以写" +" ``return PyErr_NoMemory();`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:185 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function to raise an exception when a C library " +"function has returned an error and set the C variable :c:data:`errno`. It " +"constructs a tuple object whose first item is the integer :c:data:`errno` " +"value and whose second item is the corresponding error message (gotten from " +":c:func:`!strerror`), and then calls ``PyErr_SetObject(type, object)``. On " +"Unix, when the :c:data:`errno` value is :c:macro:`!EINTR`, indicating an " +"interrupted system call, this calls :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals`, and if " +"that set the error indicator, leaves it set to that. The function always " +"returns ``NULL``, so a wrapper function around a system call can write " +"``return PyErr_SetFromErrno(type);`` when the system call returns an error." +msgstr "" +"这是一个便捷函数，当在 C 库函数返回错误并设置 C 变量 :c:data:`errno` 时它会引发一个异常。 它构造了一个元组对象，其第一项是整数值" +" :c:data:`errno` 而第二项是对应的错误信息（从 :c:func:`!strerror` 获取），然后调用 " +"``PyErr_SetObject(type, object)``。 在 Unix 上，当 :c:data:`errno` 的值为 " +":c:macro:`!EINTR` 时，表示有一个中断的系统调用，这将会调用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals`，如果它设置了错误指示符，则让其保持该设置。 该函数总是返回 " +"``NULL``，因此当系统调用返回错误时该系统调用的包装函数可以写入 ``return PyErr_SetFromErrno(type);``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrno`, with the additional behavior that " +"if *filenameObject* is not ``NULL``, it is passed to the constructor of " +"*type* as a third parameter. In the case of :exc:`OSError` exception, this " +"is used to define the :attr:`!filename` attribute of the exception instance." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrno` 类似，但如果 *filenameObject* 不为 " +"``NULL``，它将作为第三个参数传递给 *type* 的构造函数。 在 :exc:`OSError` 异常的情况下，它将被用于定义异常实例的 " +":attr:`!filename` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject`, but takes a " +"second filename object, for raising errors when a function that takes two " +"filenames fails." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject` ，但接受第二个 filename " +"对象，用于当一个接受两个 filename 的函数失败时触发错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject`, but the filename " +"is given as a C string. *filename* is decoded from the :term:`filesystem " +"encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject`，但文件名以 C 字符串形式给出。 " +"*filename* 是用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 解码的。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:224 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function to raise :exc:`OSError`. If called with " +"*ierr* of ``0``, the error code returned by a call to " +":c:func:`!GetLastError` is used instead. It calls the Win32 function " +":c:func:`!FormatMessage` to retrieve the Windows description of error code " +"given by *ierr* or :c:func:`!GetLastError`, then it constructs a " +":exc:`OSError` object with the :attr:`~OSError.winerror` attribute set to " +"the error code, the :attr:`~OSError.strerror` attribute set to the " +"corresponding error message (gotten from :c:func:`!FormatMessage`), and then" +" calls ``PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_OSError, object)``. This function always " +"returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是一个用于引发 :exc:`OSError` 的便捷函数。 如果调用时传入的 *ierr* 值为 ``0``，则会改用对 " +":c:func:`!GetLastError` 的调用所返回的错误代码。 它将调用 Win32 函数 :c:func:`!FormatMessage` " +"来获取 *ierr* 或 :c:func:`!GetLastError` 所给出的错误代码的 Windows 描述，然后构造一个 " +":exc:`OSError` 对象，其中 :attr:`~OSError.winerror` " +"属性将设为该错误代码，:attr:`~OSError.strerror` 属性将设为相应的错误消息（从 :c:func:`!FormatMessage`" +" 获得），然后再调用 ``PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_OSError, object)``。 该函数将总是返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:234 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:242 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:253 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:263 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:271 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:281 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with an additional parameter " +"specifying the exception type to be raised." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr` ，额外的参数指定要触发的异常类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:247 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr`, with the additional behavior " +"that if *filename* is not ``NULL``, it is decoded from the filesystem " +"encoding (:func:`os.fsdecode`) and passed to the constructor of " +":exc:`OSError` as a third parameter to be used to define the " +":attr:`!filename` attribute of the exception instance." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr` 类似，额外的不同点是如果 *filename* 不为 ``NULL`` " +"，则会使用文件系统编码格式 (:func:`os.fsdecode`) 进行解码并作为第三个参数传递给 :exc:`OSError` " +"的构造器用于定义异常实例的 :attr:`!filename` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:258 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr`, with the additional " +"behavior that if *filename* is not ``NULL``, it is passed to the constructor" +" of :exc:`OSError` as a third parameter to be used to define the " +":attr:`!filename` attribute of the exception instance." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr` 类似，额外的不同点是如果 *filename* 不为 " +"``NULL``，它将作为第三个参数传递给 :exc:`OSError` 的构造器用于定义异常实例的 :attr:`!filename` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject`, but " +"accepts a second filename object." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject` ，但是接受第二个 filename" +" 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename`, with an additional" +" parameter specifying the exception type to be raised." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename` ，额外参数指定要触发的异常类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:286 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function to raise :exc:`ImportError`. *msg* will be " +"set as the exception's message string. *name* and *path*, both of which can " +"be ``NULL``, will be set as the :exc:`ImportError`'s respective ``name`` and" +" ``path`` attributes." +msgstr "" +"这是触发 :exc:`ImportError` 的便捷函数。 *msg* 将被设为异常的消息字符串。 *name* 和 *path* ，（都可以为 " +"``NULL`` ），将用来被设置 :exc:`ImportError` 对应的属性 ``name`` 和 ``path``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:296 +msgid "" +"Much like :c:func:`PyErr_SetImportError` but this function allows for " +"specifying a subclass of :exc:`ImportError` to raise." +msgstr "" +"和 :c:func:`PyErr_SetImportError` 很类似，但这个函数允许指定一个 :exc:`ImportError` 的子类来触发。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:304 +msgid "" +"Set file, line, and offset information for the current exception. If the " +"current exception is not a :exc:`SyntaxError`, then it sets additional " +"attributes, which make the exception printing subsystem think the exception " +"is a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" +"设置当前异常的文件，行和偏移信息。如果当前异常不是 :exc:`SyntaxError` ，则它设置额外的属性，使异常打印子系统认为异常是 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject`, but *filename* is a byte string " +"decoded from the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject`，但 *filename* 是用 :term:`filesystem " +"encoding and error handler` 解码的字节串。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:322 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx`, but the *col_offset* parameter is " +"omitted." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx`，但省略了 *col_offset* parameter 形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:328 +msgid "" +"This is a shorthand for ``PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, message)``, " +"where *message* indicates that an internal operation (e.g. a Python/C API " +"function) was invoked with an illegal argument. It is mostly for internal " +"use." +msgstr "" +"这是 ``PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, message)`` 的缩写，其中 *message* " +"表示使用了非法参数调用内部操作（例如，Python/C API 函数）。它主要用于内部使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:335 +msgid "Issuing warnings" +msgstr "发出警告" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:337 +msgid "" +"Use these functions to issue warnings from C code. They mirror similar " +"functions exported by the Python :mod:`warnings` module. They normally " +"print a warning message to *sys.stderr*; however, it is also possible that " +"the user has specified that warnings are to be turned into errors, and in " +"that case they will raise an exception. It is also possible that the " +"functions raise an exception because of a problem with the warning " +"machinery. The return value is ``0`` if no exception is raised, or ``-1`` if" +" an exception is raised. (It is not possible to determine whether a warning" +" message is actually printed, nor what the reason is for the exception; this" +" is intentional.) If an exception is raised, the caller should do its " +"normal exception handling (for example, :c:func:`Py_DECREF` owned references" +" and return an error value)." +msgstr "" +"这些函数可以从 C 代码中发出警告。它们仿照了由 Python 模块 :mod:`warnings` 导出的那些函数。它们通常向 " +"*sys.stderr* " +"打印一条警告信息；当然，用户也有可能已经指定将警告转换为错误，在这种情况下，它们将触发异常。也有可能由于警告机制出现问题，使得函数触发异常。如果没有触发异常，返回值为" +" ``0`` ；如果触发异常，返回值为 " +"``-1``。（无法确定是否实际打印了警告信息，也无法确定异常触发的原因。这是故意为之）。如果触发了异常，调用者应该进行正常的异常处理（例如，:c:func:`Py_DECREF`" +" 持有引用并返回一个错误值）。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:352 +msgid "" +"Issue a warning message. The *category* argument is a warning category (see" +" below) or ``NULL``; the *message* argument is a UTF-8 encoded string. " +"*stack_level* is a positive number giving a number of stack frames; the " +"warning will be issued from the currently executing line of code in that " +"stack frame. A *stack_level* of 1 is the function calling " +":c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx`, 2 is the function above that, and so forth." +msgstr "" +"发出一个警告信息。参数 *category* 是一个警告类别（见下面）或 ``NULL`` ； *message* 是一个 UTF-8 编码的字符串。 " +"*stack_level* 是一个给出栈帧数量的正数；警告将从该栈帧中当前正在执行的代码行发出。 *stack_level* 为 1 的是调用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx` 的函数，2 是在此之上的函数，以此类推。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Warning categories must be subclasses of :c:data:`PyExc_Warning`; " +":c:data:`PyExc_Warning` is a subclass of :c:data:`PyExc_Exception`; the " +"default warning category is :c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeWarning`. The standard " +"Python warning categories are available as global variables whose names are " +"enumerated at :ref:`standardwarningcategories`." +msgstr "" +"警告类别必须是 :c:data:`PyExc_Warning` 的子类， :c:data:`PyExc_Warning` 是 " +":c:data:`PyExc_Exception` 的子类；默认警告类别是 :c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeWarning` 。标准 " +"Python 警告类别作为全局变量可用，所有其名称见 :ref:`standardwarningcategories` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:365 +msgid "" +"For information about warning control, see the documentation for the " +":mod:`warnings` module and the :option:`-W` option in the command line " +"documentation. There is no C API for warning control." +msgstr "" +"有关警告控制的信息，参见模块文档 :mod:`warnings` 和命令行文档中的 :option:`-W` 选项。没有用于警告控制的 C API。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:372 +msgid "" +"Issue a warning message with explicit control over all warning attributes. " +"This is a straightforward wrapper around the Python function " +":func:`warnings.warn_explicit`; see there for more information. The " +"*module* and *registry* arguments may be set to ``NULL`` to get the default " +"effect described there." +msgstr "" +"发出一个对所有警告属性进行显式控制的警告消息。 这是位于 Python 函数 :func:`warnings.warn_explicit` " +"外层的直接包装；请查看其文档了解详情。 *module* 和 *registry* 参数可被设为 ``NULL`` 以得到相关文档所描述的默认效果。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyErr_WarnExplicitObject` except that *message* and " +"*module* are UTF-8 encoded strings, and *filename* is decoded from the " +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_WarnExplicitObject` 不过 *message* 和 *module* 是 UTF-8 " +"编码的字符串，而 *filename* 是由 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 解码的。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Function similar to :c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx`, but use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` to format the warning message. *format* is " +"an ASCII-encoded string." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx` 的函数，但使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 来格式化警告消息。 " +"*format* 是使用 ASCII 编码的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Function similar to :c:func:`PyErr_WarnFormat`, but *category* is " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` and it passes *source* to " +":class:`!warnings.WarningMessage`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_WarnFormat` 的函数，但 *category* 是 :exc:`ResourceWarning` " +"并且它会将 *source* 传给 :class:`!warnings.WarningMessage`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:406 +msgid "Querying the error indicator" +msgstr "查询错误指示器" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:410 +msgid "" +"Test whether the error indicator is set. If set, return the exception " +"*type* (the first argument to the last call to one of the ``PyErr_Set*`` " +"functions or to :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`). If not set, return ``NULL``. You" +" do not own a reference to the return value, so you do not need to " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` it." +msgstr "" +"测试是否设置了错误指示器。 如已设置，则返回异常 *type* (传给对某个 ``PyErr_Set*`` 函数或 " +":c:func:`PyErr_Restore` 的最后一次调用的第一个参数)。 如未设置，则返回 ``NULL``。 " +"你并不会拥有对返回值的引用，因此你不需要对它执行 :c:func:`Py_DECREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:416 +msgid "The caller must hold the GIL." +msgstr "调用时必须持有GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Do not compare the return value to a specific exception; use " +":c:func:`PyErr_ExceptionMatches` instead, shown below. (The comparison " +"could easily fail since the exception may be an instance instead of a class," +" in the case of a class exception, or it may be a subclass of the expected " +"exception.)" +msgstr "" +"不要将返回值与特定的异常进行比较；请改为使用 :c:func:`PyErr_ExceptionMatches`，如下所示。 " +"（比较很容易失败因为对于类异常来说，异常可能是一个实例而不是类，或者它可能是预期的异常的一个子类。）" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:428 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), exc)``. This " +"should only be called when an exception is actually set; a memory access " +"violation will occur if no exception has been raised." +msgstr "" +"等价于 ``PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), exc)``。 " +"此函数应当只在实际设置了异常时才被调用；如果没有任何异常被引发则将发生非法内存访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Return true if the *given* exception matches the exception type in *exc*. " +"If *exc* is a class object, this also returns true when *given* is an " +"instance of a subclass. If *exc* is a tuple, all exception types in the " +"tuple (and recursively in subtuples) are searched for a match." +msgstr "" +"如果 *given* 异常与 *exc* 中的异常类型相匹配则返回真值。 如果 *exc* 是一个类对象，则当 *given* " +"是一个子类的实例时也将返回真值。 如果 *exc* 是一个元组，则该元组（以及递归的子元组）中的所有异常类型都将被搜索进行匹配。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:443 +msgid "" +"Return the exception currently being raised, clearing the error indicator at" +" the same time. Return ``NULL`` if the error indicator is not set." +msgstr "返回当前被引发的异常，同时清除错误指示器。 如果错误指示器尚未设置则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:446 +msgid "" +"This function is used by code that needs to catch exceptions, or code that " +"needs to save and restore the error indicator temporarily." +msgstr "此函数会被需要捕获异常的代码，或需要临时保存和恢复错误指示器的代码所使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:449 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:493 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:451 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();\n" +"\n" +" /* ... code that might produce other errors ... */\n" +"\n" +" PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();\n" +"\n" +" /* ... 可能产生其他错误的代码 ... */\n" +"\n" +" PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:459 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException`, to save the exception currently being " +"handled." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException`，保存当前正在处理的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:467 +msgid "" +"Set *exc* as the exception currently being raised, clearing the existing " +"exception if one is set." +msgstr "将 *exc* 设为当前被引发的异常，如果已设置则清空现有的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:472 +msgid "" +"This call steals a reference to *exc*, which must be a valid exception." +msgstr "此调用将偷取一个对 *exc* 的引用，它必须是一个有效的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:481 +msgid "Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 代替。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:483 +msgid "" +"Retrieve the error indicator into three variables whose addresses are " +"passed. If the error indicator is not set, set all three variables to " +"``NULL``. If it is set, it will be cleared and you own a reference to each " +"object retrieved. The value and traceback object may be ``NULL`` even when " +"the type object is not." +msgstr "" +"将错误指示符提取到三个变量中并传递其地址。 如果未设置错误指示符，则将三个变量都设为 ``NULL``。 " +"如果已设置，则将其清除并且你将得到对所提取的每个对象的引用。 值和回溯对象可以为 ``NULL`` 即使类型对象不为空。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:490 +msgid "" +"This function is normally only used by legacy code that needs to catch " +"exceptions or save and restore the error indicator temporarily." +msgstr "此函数通常只被需要捕获异常或临时保存和恢复错误指示符的旧式代码所使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:495 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;\n" +" PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);\n" +"\n" +" /* ... code that might produce other errors ... */\n" +"\n" +" PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;\n" +" PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);\n" +"\n" +" /* ... 可能产生其他错误的代码 ... */\n" +"\n" +" PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:509 +msgid "Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr "请改用 :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Set the error indicator from the three objects, *type*, *value*, and " +"*traceback*, clearing the existing exception if one is set. If the objects " +"are ``NULL``, the error indicator is cleared. Do not pass a ``NULL`` type " +"and non-``NULL`` value or traceback. The exception type should be a class." +" Do not pass an invalid exception type or value. (Violating these rules " +"will cause subtle problems later.) This call takes away a reference to each" +" object: you must own a reference to each object before the call and after " +"the call you no longer own these references. (If you don't understand this," +" don't use this function. I warned you.)" +msgstr "" +"根据 *type*, *value* 和 *traceback* 这三个对象设置错误指示符，如果已设置了错误指示符则先清除它。如果三个对象均为 " +"``NULL``，则清除错误指示符。 请不要传入 ``NULL`` 类型和非 ``NULL`` 的值或回溯。 异常类型应当是一个类。 " +"请不要传入无效的异常类型或值。 （违反这些规则将导致微妙的后继问题。） " +"此调用会带走对每个对象的引用：你必须在调用之前拥有对每个对象的引用并且在调用之后你将不再拥有这些引用。 （如果你不理解这一点，就不要使用此函数。 " +"勿谓言之不预。）" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:525 +msgid "" +"This function is normally only used by legacy code that needs to save and " +"restore the error indicator temporarily. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` to save " +"the current error indicator." +msgstr "此函数通常只被需要临时保存和恢复错误指示符的旧代码所使用。 请使用 :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` 来保存当前的错误指示符。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead, to avoid any possible de-" +"normalization." +msgstr "请改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`，以避免任何可能的去正规化。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:537 +msgid "" +"Under certain circumstances, the values returned by :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` " +"below can be \"unnormalized\", meaning that ``*exc`` is a class object but " +"``*val`` is not an instance of the same class. This function can be used " +"to instantiate the class in that case. If the values are already " +"normalized, nothing happens. The delayed normalization is implemented to " +"improve performance." +msgstr "" +"在特定情况下，下面 :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` 所返回的值可以是“非正规化的”，即 ``*exc`` 是一个类对象而 ``*val`` " +"不是同一个类的实例。 在这种情况下此函数可以被用来实例化类。 如果值已经是正规化的，则不做任何操作。 实现这种延迟正规化是为了提升性能。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:545 +msgid "" +"This function *does not* implicitly set the " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` attribute on the exception value. If " +"setting the traceback appropriately is desired, the following additional " +"snippet is needed::" +msgstr "" +"此函数 *不会* 隐式地在异常值上设置 :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 属性。 " +"如果想要适当地设置回溯，还需要以下附加代码片段::" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:550 +msgid "" +"if (tb != NULL) {\n" +" PyException_SetTraceback(val, tb);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"if (tb != NULL) {\n" +" PyException_SetTraceback(val, tb);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Retrieve the active exception instance, as would be returned by " +":func:`sys.exception`. This refers to an exception that was *already " +"caught*, not to an exception that was freshly raised. Returns a new " +"reference to the exception or ``NULL``. Does not modify the interpreter's " +"exception state." +msgstr "" +"提取激活的异常实例，就如 :func:`sys.exception` 所返回的一样。 这是指一个 *已被捕获* 的异常，而不是刚被引发的异常。 " +"返回一个指向该异常的新引用或者 ``NULL``。 不会修改解释器的异常状态。 Does not modify the interpreter's " +"exception state." + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:564 +msgid "" +"This function is not normally used by code that wants to handle exceptions. " +"Rather, it can be used when code needs to save and restore the exception " +"state temporarily. Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetHandledException` to restore or " +"clear the exception state." +msgstr "" +"此函数通常不会被需要处理异常的代码所使用。 它可被使用的场合是当代码需要临时保存并恢复异常状态的时候。 请使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetHandledException` 来恢复或清除异常状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:573 +msgid "" +"Set the active exception, as known from ``sys.exception()``. This refers to" +" an exception that was *already caught*, not to an exception that was " +"freshly raised. To clear the exception state, pass ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"设置激活的异常，就是从 ``sys.exception()`` 所获得的。 这是指一个 *已被捕获* 的异常，而不是刚被引发的异常。 " +"要清空异常状态，请传入 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:580 +msgid "" +"This function is not normally used by code that wants to handle exceptions. " +"Rather, it can be used when code needs to save and restore the exception " +"state temporarily. Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException` to get the " +"exception state." +msgstr "" +"此函数通常不会被需要处理异常的代码所使用。 它被使用的场合是在代码需要临时保存并恢复异常状态的时候。 请使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException` 来获取异常状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:589 +msgid "" +"Retrieve the old-style representation of the exception info, as known from " +":func:`sys.exc_info`. This refers to an exception that was *already " +"caught*, not to an exception that was freshly raised. Returns new " +"references for the three objects, any of which may be ``NULL``. Does not " +"modify the exception info state. This function is kept for backwards " +"compatibility. Prefer using :c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException`." +msgstr "" +"提取旧式的异常信息表示形式，就是从 :func:`sys.exc_info` 所获得的。 这是指一个 *已被捕获* 的异常，而不是刚被引发的异常。 " +"返回分别指向三个对象的新引用，其中任何一个都可以为 ``NULL``。 不会修改异常信息的状态。 此函数是为了向下兼容而保留的。 更推荐使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:598 +msgid "" +"This function is not normally used by code that wants to handle exceptions. " +"Rather, it can be used when code needs to save and restore the exception " +"state temporarily. Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo` to restore or clear the " +"exception state." +msgstr "" +"此函数通常不会被需要处理异常的代码所使用。 它被使用的场合是在代码需要临时保存并恢复异常状态的时候。 请使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo` 来恢复或清除异常状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:608 +msgid "" +"Set the exception info, as known from ``sys.exc_info()``. This refers to an" +" exception that was *already caught*, not to an exception that was freshly " +"raised. This function steals the references of the arguments. To clear the " +"exception state, pass ``NULL`` for all three arguments. This function is " +"kept for backwards compatibility. Prefer using " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetHandledException`." +msgstr "" +"设置异常信息，就是从 ``sys.exc_info()`` 所获得的，这是指一个 *已被捕获* 的异常，而不是刚被引发的异常。 " +"此函数会偷取对参数的引用。 要清空异常状态，请为所有三个参数传入 ``NULL``。 此函数是为了向下兼容而保留的。 更推荐使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetHandledException`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:617 +msgid "" +"This function is not normally used by code that wants to handle exceptions. " +"Rather, it can be used when code needs to save and restore the exception " +"state temporarily. Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo` to read the exception " +"state." +msgstr "" +"此函数通常不会被需要处理异常的代码所使用。 它被使用的场合是在代码需要临时保存并恢复异常状态的情况。 请使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo` 来读取异常状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:624 +msgid "" +"The ``type`` and ``traceback`` arguments are no longer used and can be NULL." +" The interpreter now derives them from the exception instance (the ``value``" +" argument). The function still steals references of all three arguments." +msgstr "" +"``type`` 和 ``traceback`` 参数已不再被使用并且可以为 NULL。 解释器现在会根据异常实例（即 ``value`` " +"参数）来推断出它们。 此函数仍然会偷取对所有三个参数的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:632 +msgid "Signal Handling" +msgstr "信号处理" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:642 +msgid "This function interacts with Python's signal handling." +msgstr "这个函数与Python的信号处理交互。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:644 +msgid "" +"If the function is called from the main thread and under the main Python " +"interpreter, it checks whether a signal has been sent to the processes and " +"if so, invokes the corresponding signal handler. If the :mod:`signal` " +"module is supported, this can invoke a signal handler written in Python." +msgstr "" +"如果在主 Python 解释器下从主线程调用该函数，它将检查是否向进程发送了信号，如果是，则唤起相应的信号处理器。 如果支持 :mod:`signal`" +" 模块，则可以唤起以 Python 编写的信号处理器。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:649 +msgid "" +"The function attempts to handle all pending signals, and then returns ``0``." +" However, if a Python signal handler raises an exception, the error " +"indicator is set and the function returns ``-1`` immediately (such that " +"other pending signals may not have been handled yet: they will be on the " +"next :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals()` invocation)." +msgstr "" +"该函数会尝试处理所有待处理信号，然后返回 ``0``。 但是，如果 Python 信号处理器引发了异常，则设置错误指示符并且函数将立即返回 ``-1``" +" (这样其他待处理信号可能还没有被处理：它们将在下次唤起 :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals()` 时被处理)。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:655 +msgid "" +"If the function is called from a non-main thread, or under a non-main Python" +" interpreter, it does nothing and returns ``0``." +msgstr "如果函数从非主线程调用，或在非主Python解释器下调用，则它不执行任何操作并返回0。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:658 +msgid "" +"This function can be called by long-running C code that wants to be " +"interruptible by user requests (such as by pressing Ctrl-C)." +msgstr "这个函数可以由希望被用户请求(例如按Ctrl-C)中断的长时间运行的C代码调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:662 +msgid "" +"The default Python signal handler for :c:macro:`!SIGINT` raises the " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception." +msgstr "" +"针对 :c:macro:`!SIGINT` 的默认 Python 信号处理器会引发 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:673 +msgid "" +"Simulate the effect of a :c:macro:`!SIGINT` signal arriving. This is " +"equivalent to ``PyErr_SetInterruptEx(SIGINT)``." +msgstr "" +"模拟一个 :c:macro:`!SIGINT` 信号到达的效果。 这等价于 ``PyErr_SetInterruptEx(SIGINT)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:677 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:704 +msgid "" +"This function is async-signal-safe. It can be called without the " +":term:`GIL` and from a C signal handler." +msgstr "此函数是异步信号安全的。 它可以不带 :term:`GIL` 并由 C 信号处理器来调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:687 +msgid "" +"Simulate the effect of a signal arriving. The next time " +":c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` is called, the Python signal handler for the " +"given signal number will be called." +msgstr "" +"模拟一个信号到达的效果。 当下次 :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` 被调用时，将会调用针对指定的信号编号的 Python " +"信号处理器。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:691 +msgid "" +"This function can be called by C code that sets up its own signal handling " +"and wants Python signal handlers to be invoked as expected when an " +"interruption is requested (for example when the user presses Ctrl-C to " +"interrupt an operation)." +msgstr "" +"此函数可由自行设置信号处理，并希望 Python 信号处理器会在请求中断时（例如当用户按下 Ctrl-C 来中断操作时）按照预期被唤起的 C " +"代码来调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:696 +msgid "" +"If the given signal isn't handled by Python (it was set to " +":py:const:`signal.SIG_DFL` or :py:const:`signal.SIG_IGN`), it will be " +"ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果给定的信号不是由 Python 来处理的 (即被设为 :py:const:`signal.SIG_DFL` 或 " +":py:const:`signal.SIG_IGN`)，它将会被忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:699 +msgid "" +"If *signum* is outside of the allowed range of signal numbers, ``-1`` is " +"returned. Otherwise, ``0`` is returned. The error indicator is never " +"changed by this function." +msgstr "" +"如果 *signum* 在被允许的信号编号范围之外，将返回 ``-1``。 在其他情况下，则返回 ``0``。 错误指示符绝不会被此函数所修改。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:712 +msgid "" +"This utility function specifies a file descriptor to which the signal number" +" is written as a single byte whenever a signal is received. *fd* must be " +"non-blocking. It returns the previous such file descriptor." +msgstr "" +"这个工具函数指定了一个每当收到信号时将被作为以单个字节的形式写入信号编号的目标的文件描述符。 *fd* 必须是非阻塞的。 " +"它将返回前一个这样的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:716 +msgid "" +"The value ``-1`` disables the feature; this is the initial state. This is " +"equivalent to :func:`signal.set_wakeup_fd` in Python, but without any error " +"checking. *fd* should be a valid file descriptor. The function should only" +" be called from the main thread." +msgstr "" +"设置值 ``-1`` 将禁用该特性；这是初始状态。 这等价于 Python 中的 " +":func:`signal.set_wakeup_fd`，但是没有任何错误检查。 *fd* 应当是一个有效的文件描述符。 此函数应当只从主线程来调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:721 +msgid "On Windows, the function now also supports socket handles." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，此函数现在也支持套接字处理。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:726 +msgid "Exception Classes" +msgstr "Exception 类" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:730 +msgid "" +"This utility function creates and returns a new exception class. The *name* " +"argument must be the name of the new exception, a C string of the form " +"``module.classname``. The *base* and *dict* arguments are normally " +"``NULL``. This creates a class object derived from :exc:`Exception` " +"(accessible in C as :c:data:`PyExc_Exception`)." +msgstr "" +"这个工具函数会创建并返回一个新的异常类。 *name* 参数必须为新异常的名称，是 ``module.classname`` 形式的 C 字符串。 " +"*base* 和 *dict* 参数通常为 ``NULL``。 这将创建一个派生自 :exc:`Exception` 的类对象（在 C 中可以通过 " +":c:data:`PyExc_Exception` 访问）。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:736 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute of the new class is set to the first " +"part (up to the last dot) of the *name* argument, and the class name is set " +"to the last part (after the last dot). The *base* argument can be used to " +"specify alternate base classes; it can either be only one class or a tuple " +"of classes. The *dict* argument can be used to specify a dictionary of class" +" variables and methods." +msgstr "" +"新类的 :attr:`~type.__module__` 属性将被设为 *name* " +"参数的前半部分（最后一个点号之前），而类名将被设为后半部分（最后一个点号之后）。 *base* " +"参数可被用来指定替代基类；它可以是一个类或是一个由类组成的元组。 *dict* 参数可被用来指定一个由类变量和方法组成的字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:745 +msgid "" +"Same as :c:func:`PyErr_NewException`, except that the new exception class " +"can easily be given a docstring: If *doc* is non-``NULL``, it will be used " +"as the docstring for the exception class." +msgstr "" +"和 :c:func:`PyErr_NewException` 一样，除了可以轻松地给新的异常类一个文档字符串：如果 *doc* " +"属性非空，它将用作异常类的文档字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:753 +msgid "Exception Objects" +msgstr "异常对象" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Return the traceback associated with the exception as a new reference, as " +"accessible from Python through the :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` " +"attribute. If there is no traceback associated, this returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"将与异常相关联的回溯作为一个新引用返回，可以通过 :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 属性在 Python " +"中访问。 如果没有已关联的回溯，则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:765 +msgid "" +"Set the traceback associated with the exception to *tb*. Use ``Py_None`` to" +" clear it." +msgstr "将异常关联的回溯设置为 *tb* 。使用 ``Py_None`` 清除它。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:771 +msgid "" +"Return the context (another exception instance during whose handling *ex* " +"was raised) associated with the exception as a new reference, as accessible " +"from Python through the :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` attribute. If " +"there is no context associated, this returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"将与异常相关联的上下文（在处理 *ex* 过程中引发的另一个异常实例）作为一个新引用返回，可以通过 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__` 属性在 Python 中访问。 如果没有已关联的上下文，则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Set the context associated with the exception to *ctx*. Use ``NULL`` to " +"clear it. There is no type check to make sure that *ctx* is an exception " +"instance. This steals a reference to *ctx*." +msgstr "" +"将与异常相关联的上下文设置为 *ctx*。 使用 ``NULL`` 来清空它。 没有用来确保 *ctx* 是一个异常实例的类型检查。 这将窃取一个指向 " +"*ctx* 的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:786 +msgid "" +"Return the cause (either an exception instance, or ``None``, set by ``raise " +"... from ...``) associated with the exception as a new reference, as " +"accessible from Python through the :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" +"将与异常相关联的原因（一个异常实例，或为 ``None``，由 ``raise ... from ...`` 设置）作为一个新引用返回，可通过 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` 属性在 Python 中访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Set the cause associated with the exception to *cause*. Use ``NULL`` to " +"clear it. There is no type check to make sure that *cause* is either an " +"exception instance or ``None``. This steals a reference to *cause*." +msgstr "" +"将与异常相关联的原因设为 *cause*。 使用 ``NULL`` 来清空它。 不存在类型检查用来确保 *cause* 是一个异常实例或为 " +"``None``。 这个偷取一个指向 *cause* 的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:798 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~BaseException.__suppress_context__` attribute is implicitly set " +"to ``True`` by this function." +msgstr ":attr:`~BaseException.__suppress_context__` 属性会被此函数隐式地设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:804 +msgid "Return :attr:`~BaseException.args` of exception *ex*." +msgstr "返回异常 *ex* 的 :attr:`~BaseException.args`。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:809 +msgid "Set :attr:`~BaseException.args` of exception *ex* to *args*." +msgstr "将异常 *ex* 的 :attr:`~BaseException.args` 设为 *args*。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:813 +msgid "" +"Implement part of the interpreter's implementation of :keyword:`!except*`. " +"*orig* is the original exception that was caught, and *excs* is the list of " +"the exceptions that need to be raised. This list contains the unhandled part" +" of *orig*, if any, as well as the exceptions that were raised from the " +":keyword:`!except*` clauses (so they have a different traceback from *orig*)" +" and those that were reraised (and have the same traceback as *orig*). " +"Return the :exc:`ExceptionGroup` that needs to be reraised in the end, or " +"``None`` if there is nothing to reraise." +msgstr "" +"解释器的 :keyword:`!except*` 实现的具体实现部分。 *orig* 是被捕获的原始异常，而 *excs* " +"是需要被引发的异常组成的列表。 该列表包含 *orig* 可能存在的未被处理的部分，以及在 :keyword:`!except*` " +"子句中被引发的异常（因而它们具有与 *orig* 不同的回溯数据）和被重新引发的异常（因而它们具有与 *orig* 相同的回溯）。 返回需要被最终引发的" +" :exc:`ExceptionGroup`，或者如果没有要被引发的异常则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:827 +msgid "Unicode Exception Objects" +msgstr "Unicode 异常对象" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:829 +msgid "" +"The following functions are used to create and modify Unicode exceptions " +"from C." +msgstr "下列函数被用于创建和修改来自 C 的 Unicode 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:833 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`UnicodeDecodeError` object with the attributes *encoding*, " +"*object*, *length*, *start*, *end* and *reason*. *encoding* and *reason* are" +" UTF-8 encoded strings." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :class:`UnicodeDecodeError` 对象并附带 *encoding*, *object*, *length*, " +"*start*, *end* 和 *reason* 等属性。 *encoding* 和 *reason* 为 UTF-8 编码的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:840 +msgid "Return the *encoding* attribute of the given exception object." +msgstr "返回给定异常对象的 *encoding* 属性" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:846 +msgid "Return the *object* attribute of the given exception object." +msgstr "返回给定异常对象的 *object* 属性" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:852 +msgid "" +"Get the *start* attribute of the given exception object and place it into " +"*\\*start*. *start* must not be ``NULL``. Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` " +"on failure." +msgstr "" +"获取给定异常对象的 *start* 属性并将其放入 *\\*start*。 *start* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 成功时返回 " +"``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:860 +msgid "" +"Set the *start* attribute of the given exception object to *start*. Return " +"``0`` on success, ``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "将给定异常对象的 *start* 属性设为 *start*。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:867 +msgid "" +"Get the *end* attribute of the given exception object and place it into " +"*\\*end*. *end* must not be ``NULL``. Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on " +"failure." +msgstr "" +"获取给定异常对象的 *end* 属性并将其放入 *\\*end*。 *end* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 " +"``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:875 +msgid "" +"Set the *end* attribute of the given exception object to *end*. Return " +"``0`` on success, ``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "将给定异常对象的 *end* 属性设为 *end*。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:882 +msgid "Return the *reason* attribute of the given exception object." +msgstr "返回给定异常对象的 *reason* 属性" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:888 +msgid "" +"Set the *reason* attribute of the given exception object to *reason*. " +"Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "将给定异常对象的 *reason* 属性设为 *reason*。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:895 +msgid "Recursion Control" +msgstr "递归控制" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:897 +msgid "" +"These two functions provide a way to perform safe recursive calls at the C " +"level, both in the core and in extension modules. They are needed if the " +"recursive code does not necessarily invoke Python code (which tracks its " +"recursion depth automatically). They are also not needed for *tp_call* " +"implementations because the :ref:`call protocol ` takes care of " +"recursion handling." +msgstr "" +"这两个函数提供了一种在 C 层级上进行安全的递归调用的方式，在核心模块与扩展模块中均适用。 当递归代码不一定会唤起 Python " +"代码（后者会自动跟踪其递归深度）时就需要用到它们。 它们对于 *tp_call* 实现来说也无必要因为 :ref:`调用协议 ` " +"会负责递归处理。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:906 +msgid "Marks a point where a recursive C-level call is about to be performed." +msgstr "标记一个递归的 C 层级调用即将被执行的点位。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:908 +msgid "" +"If :c:macro:`!USE_STACKCHECK` is defined, this function checks if the OS " +"stack overflowed using :c:func:`PyOS_CheckStack`. If this is the case, it " +"sets a :exc:`MemoryError` and returns a nonzero value." +msgstr "" +"如果定义了 :c:macro:`!USE_STACKCHECK`，此函数会使用 :c:func:`PyOS_CheckStack` 来检查 OS " +"栈是否溢出。 如果发生了这种情况，它将设置一个 :exc:`MemoryError` 并返回非零值。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:912 +msgid "" +"The function then checks if the recursion limit is reached. If this is the " +"case, a :exc:`RecursionError` is set and a nonzero value is returned. " +"Otherwise, zero is returned." +msgstr "" +"随后此函数将检查是否达到递归限制。 如果是的话，将设置一个 :exc:`RecursionError` 并返回一个非零值。 在其他情况下，则返回零。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:916 +msgid "" +"*where* should be a UTF-8 encoded string such as ``\" in instance check\"`` " +"to be concatenated to the :exc:`RecursionError` message caused by the " +"recursion depth limit." +msgstr "" +"*where* 应为一个 UTF-8 编码的字符串如 ``\" in instance check\"``，它将与由递归深度限制所导致的 " +":exc:`RecursionError` 消息相拼接。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:920 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:928 +msgid "" +"This function is now also available in the :ref:`limited API `." +msgstr "此函数现在也在 :ref:`受限 API ` 中可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:925 +msgid "" +"Ends a :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall`. Must be called once for each " +"*successful* invocation of :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall`." +msgstr "" +"结束一个 :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall`。 必须针对 :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall` " +"的每个 *成功的* 唤起操作执行一次调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:931 +msgid "" +"Properly implementing :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` for container types " +"requires special recursion handling. In addition to protecting the stack, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` also needs to track objects to prevent " +"cycles. The following two functions facilitate this functionality. " +"Effectively, these are the C equivalent to :func:`reprlib.recursive_repr`." +msgstr "" +"正确地针对容器类型实现 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 需要特别的递归处理。 " +"在保护栈之外，:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 还需要追踪对象以防止出现循环。 以下两个函数将帮助完成此功能。 " +"从实际效果来说，这两个函数是 C 中对应 :func:`reprlib.recursive_repr` 的等价物。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:939 +msgid "" +"Called at the beginning of the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` " +"implementation to detect cycles." +msgstr "在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 实现的开头被调用以检测循环。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:942 +msgid "" +"If the object has already been processed, the function returns a positive " +"integer. In that case the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` implementation " +"should return a string object indicating a cycle. As examples, " +":class:`dict` objects return ``{...}`` and :class:`list` objects return " +"``[...]``." +msgstr "" +"如果对象已经被处理，此函数将返回一个正整数。 在此情况下 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` " +"实现应当返回一个指明发生循环的字符串对象。 例如，:class:`dict` 对象将返回 ``{...}`` 而 :class:`list` 对象将返回" +" ``[...]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:948 +msgid "" +"The function will return a negative integer if the recursion limit is " +"reached. In that case the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` implementation " +"should typically return ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果已达到递归限制则此函数将返回一个负正数。 在此情况下 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 实现通常应当返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:952 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, the function returns zero and the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` implementation can continue normally." +msgstr "在其他情况下，此函数将返回零而 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 实现将可正常继续。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:957 +msgid "" +"Ends a :c:func:`Py_ReprEnter`. Must be called once for each invocation of " +":c:func:`Py_ReprEnter` that returns zero." +msgstr "" +"结束一个 :c:func:`Py_ReprEnter`。 必须针对每个返回零的 :c:func:`Py_ReprEnter` 的唤起操作调用一次。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:964 +msgid "Standard Exceptions" +msgstr "标准异常" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:966 +msgid "" +"All standard Python exceptions are available as global variables whose names" +" are ``PyExc_`` followed by the Python exception name. These have the type " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`; they are all class objects. For completeness, here are" +" all the variables:" +msgstr "" +"所有的标准 Python 异常都可作为名称为 ``PyExc_`` 跟上 Python 异常名称的全局变量来访问。 这些变量的类型为 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`；它们都是类对象。 下面完整列出了全部的变量:" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1028 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1163 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1208 +msgid "C Name" +msgstr "C 名称" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1028 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1208 +msgid "Python Name" +msgstr "Python 名称" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1028 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1163 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1208 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1030 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_BaseException`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_BaseException`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1030 +msgid ":exc:`BaseException`" +msgstr ":exc:`BaseException`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1030 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1032 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1034 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1080 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1092 +msgid "[1]_" +msgstr "[1]_" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1032 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_Exception`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_Exception`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1032 +msgid ":exc:`Exception`" +msgstr ":exc:`Exception`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1034 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ArithmeticError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ArithmeticError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1034 +msgid ":exc:`ArithmeticError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ArithmeticError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1036 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_AssertionError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_AssertionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1036 +msgid ":exc:`AssertionError`" +msgstr ":exc:`AssertionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1038 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_AttributeError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_AttributeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1038 +msgid ":exc:`AttributeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`AttributeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1040 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_BlockingIOError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_BlockingIOError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1040 +msgid ":exc:`BlockingIOError`" +msgstr ":exc:`BlockingIOError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1042 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_BrokenPipeError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_BrokenPipeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1042 +msgid ":exc:`BrokenPipeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`BrokenPipeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1044 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_BufferError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_BufferError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1044 +msgid ":exc:`BufferError`" +msgstr ":exc:`BufferError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1046 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ChildProcessError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ChildProcessError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1046 +msgid ":exc:`ChildProcessError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ChildProcessError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1048 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1048 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionAbortedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionAbortedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1050 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1050 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1052 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1052 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionRefusedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionRefusedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1054 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionResetError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionResetError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1054 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionResetError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionResetError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1056 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_EOFError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_EOFError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1056 +msgid ":exc:`EOFError`" +msgstr ":exc:`EOFError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1058 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_FileExistsError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_FileExistsError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1058 +msgid ":exc:`FileExistsError`" +msgstr ":exc:`FileExistsError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1060 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_FileNotFoundError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_FileNotFoundError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1060 +msgid ":exc:`FileNotFoundError`" +msgstr ":exc:`FileNotFoundError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1062 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_FloatingPointError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_FloatingPointError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1062 +msgid ":exc:`FloatingPointError`" +msgstr ":exc:`FloatingPointError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1064 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_GeneratorExit`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_GeneratorExit`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1064 +msgid ":exc:`GeneratorExit`" +msgstr ":exc:`GeneratorExit`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1066 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ImportError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ImportError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1066 +msgid ":exc:`ImportError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ImportError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1068 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_IndentationError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_IndentationError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1068 +msgid ":exc:`IndentationError`" +msgstr ":exc:`IndentationError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1070 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_IndexError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_IndexError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1070 +msgid ":exc:`IndexError`" +msgstr ":exc:`IndexError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1072 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_InterruptedError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_InterruptedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1072 +msgid ":exc:`InterruptedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`InterruptedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1074 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_IsADirectoryError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_IsADirectoryError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1074 +msgid ":exc:`IsADirectoryError`" +msgstr ":exc:`IsADirectoryError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1076 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_KeyError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_KeyError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1076 +msgid ":exc:`KeyError`" +msgstr ":exc:`KeyError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1078 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1078 +msgid ":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`" +msgstr ":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1080 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_LookupError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_LookupError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1080 +msgid ":exc:`LookupError`" +msgstr ":exc:`LookupError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1082 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_MemoryError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_MemoryError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1082 +msgid ":exc:`MemoryError`" +msgstr ":exc:`MemoryError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1084 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1084 +msgid ":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1086 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_NameError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_NameError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1086 +msgid ":exc:`NameError`" +msgstr ":exc:`NameError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1088 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_NotADirectoryError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_NotADirectoryError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1088 +msgid ":exc:`NotADirectoryError`" +msgstr ":exc:`NotADirectoryError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1090 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_NotImplementedError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_NotImplementedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1090 +msgid ":exc:`NotImplementedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`NotImplementedError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1092 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_OSError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_OSError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1092 +msgid ":exc:`OSError`" +msgstr ":exc:`OSError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1094 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_OverflowError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_OverflowError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1094 +msgid ":exc:`OverflowError`" +msgstr ":exc:`OverflowError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1096 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_PermissionError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_PermissionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1096 +msgid ":exc:`PermissionError`" +msgstr ":exc:`PermissionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1098 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ProcessLookupError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ProcessLookupError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1098 +msgid ":exc:`ProcessLookupError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ProcessLookupError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1100 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_PythonFinalizationError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_PythonFinalizationError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1100 +msgid ":exc:`PythonFinalizationError`" +msgstr ":exc:`PythonFinalizationError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1102 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_RecursionError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_RecursionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1102 +msgid ":exc:`RecursionError`" +msgstr ":exc:`RecursionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1104 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ReferenceError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ReferenceError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1104 +msgid ":exc:`ReferenceError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ReferenceError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1106 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1106 +msgid ":exc:`RuntimeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`RuntimeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1108 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_StopAsyncIteration`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_StopAsyncIteration`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1108 +msgid ":exc:`StopAsyncIteration`" +msgstr ":exc:`StopAsyncIteration`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1110 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_StopIteration`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_StopIteration`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1110 +msgid ":exc:`StopIteration`" +msgstr ":exc:`StopIteration`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1112 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_SyntaxError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_SyntaxError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1112 +msgid ":exc:`SyntaxError`" +msgstr ":exc:`SyntaxError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1114 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_SystemError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_SystemError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1114 +msgid ":exc:`SystemError`" +msgstr ":exc:`SystemError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1116 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_SystemExit`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_SystemExit`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1116 +msgid ":exc:`SystemExit`" +msgstr ":exc:`SystemExit`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1118 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_TabError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_TabError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1118 +msgid ":exc:`TabError`" +msgstr ":exc:`TabError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1120 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_TimeoutError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_TimeoutError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1120 +msgid ":exc:`TimeoutError`" +msgstr ":exc:`TimeoutError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1122 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_TypeError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_TypeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1122 +msgid ":exc:`TypeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`TypeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1124 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_UnboundLocalError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_UnboundLocalError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1124 +msgid ":exc:`UnboundLocalError`" +msgstr ":exc:`UnboundLocalError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1126 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1126 +msgid ":exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1128 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1128 +msgid ":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1130 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1130 +msgid ":exc:`UnicodeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`UnicodeError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1132 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1132 +msgid ":exc:`UnicodeTranslateError`" +msgstr ":exc:`UnicodeTranslateError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1134 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ValueError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ValueError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1134 +msgid ":exc:`ValueError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ValueError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1136 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1136 +msgid ":exc:`ZeroDivisionError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ZeroDivisionError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1139 +msgid "" +":c:data:`PyExc_BlockingIOError`, :c:data:`PyExc_BrokenPipeError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ChildProcessError`, :c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionResetError`, :c:data:`PyExc_FileExistsError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_FileNotFoundError`, :c:data:`PyExc_InterruptedError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_IsADirectoryError`, :c:data:`PyExc_NotADirectoryError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_PermissionError`, :c:data:`PyExc_ProcessLookupError` and " +":c:data:`PyExc_TimeoutError` were introduced following :pep:`3151`." +msgstr "" +":c:data:`PyExc_BlockingIOError`, :c:data:`PyExc_BrokenPipeError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ChildProcessError`, :c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ConnectionResetError`, :c:data:`PyExc_FileExistsError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_FileNotFoundError`, :c:data:`PyExc_InterruptedError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_IsADirectoryError`, :c:data:`PyExc_NotADirectoryError`, " +":c:data:`PyExc_PermissionError`, :c:data:`PyExc_ProcessLookupError` and " +":c:data:`PyExc_TimeoutError` 介绍如下 :pep:`3151`." + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1149 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_StopAsyncIteration` and :c:data:`PyExc_RecursionError`." +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_StopAsyncIteration` 和 :c:data:`PyExc_RecursionError`." + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1152 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError`." +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError`." + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1155 +msgid "These are compatibility aliases to :c:data:`PyExc_OSError`:" +msgstr "这些是兼容性别名 :c:data:`PyExc_OSError`:" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1165 +msgid ":c:data:`!PyExc_EnvironmentError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`!PyExc_EnvironmentError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1167 +msgid ":c:data:`!PyExc_IOError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`!PyExc_IOError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1169 +msgid ":c:data:`!PyExc_WindowsError`" +msgstr ":c:data:`!PyExc_WindowsError`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1169 +msgid "[2]_" +msgstr "[2]_" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1172 +msgid "These aliases used to be separate exception types." +msgstr "这些别名曾经是单独的异常类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1175 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1236 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注：" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1178 +msgid "This is a base class for other standard exceptions." +msgstr "这是其他标准异常的基类。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"Only defined on Windows; protect code that uses this by testing that the " +"preprocessor macro ``MS_WINDOWS`` is defined." +msgstr "仅在 Windows 中定义；检测是否定义了预处理程序宏 ``MS_WINDOWS`` ，以便保护用到它的代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1187 +msgid "Standard Warning Categories" +msgstr "标准警告类别" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"All standard Python warning categories are available as global variables " +"whose names are ``PyExc_`` followed by the Python exception name. These have" +" the type :c:expr:`PyObject*`; they are all class objects. For completeness," +" here are all the variables:" +msgstr "" +"所有的标准 Python 警告类别都可以用作全局变量，其名称为 ``PyExc_`` 加上 Python 异常名称。 这些类型是 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` 类型；它们都是类对象。 以下列出了全部的变量名称:" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1210 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_Warning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_Warning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1210 +msgid ":exc:`Warning`" +msgstr ":exc:`Warning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1210 +msgid "[3]_" +msgstr "[3]_" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1212 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_BytesWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_BytesWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1212 +msgid ":exc:`BytesWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`BytesWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1214 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_DeprecationWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_DeprecationWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1214 +msgid ":exc:`DeprecationWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`DeprecationWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1216 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_FutureWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_FutureWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1216 +msgid ":exc:`FutureWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`FutureWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1218 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ImportWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ImportWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1218 +msgid ":exc:`ImportWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`ImportWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1220 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1220 +msgid ":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1222 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ResourceWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ResourceWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1222 +msgid ":exc:`ResourceWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`ResourceWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1224 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_RuntimeWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1224 +msgid ":exc:`RuntimeWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`RuntimeWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1226 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_SyntaxWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_SyntaxWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1226 +msgid ":exc:`SyntaxWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`SyntaxWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1228 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_UnicodeWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1228 +msgid ":exc:`UnicodeWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`UnicodeWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1230 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_UserWarning`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_UserWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1230 +msgid ":exc:`UserWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`UserWarning`" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1233 +msgid ":c:data:`PyExc_ResourceWarning`." +msgstr ":c:data:`PyExc_ResourceWarning`." + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1239 +msgid "This is a base class for other standard warning categories." +msgstr "这是其他标准警告类别的基类。" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:183 +msgid "strerror (C function)" +msgstr "strerror (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:637 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:668 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:683 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:637 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:668 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:683 +msgid "signal" +msgstr "signal" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:637 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:668 +msgid "SIGINT (C macro)" +msgstr "SIGINT (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:637 ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:668 +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:683 +msgid "KeyboardInterrupt (built-in exception)" +msgstr "KeyboardInterrupt (内置异常)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_BaseException (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_BaseException (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_Exception (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_Exception (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ArithmeticError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ArithmeticError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_AssertionError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_AssertionError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_AttributeError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_AttributeError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_BlockingIOError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_BlockingIOError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_BrokenPipeError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_BrokenPipeError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_BufferError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_BufferError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ChildProcessError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ChildProcessError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ConnectionError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ConnectionError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ConnectionResetError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ConnectionResetError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_EOFError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_EOFError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_FileExistsError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_FileExistsError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_FileNotFoundError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_FileNotFoundError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_FloatingPointError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_FloatingPointError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_GeneratorExit (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_GeneratorExit (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ImportError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ImportError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_IndentationError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_IndentationError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_IndexError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_IndexError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_InterruptedError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_InterruptedError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_IsADirectoryError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_IsADirectoryError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_KeyError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_KeyError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_LookupError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_LookupError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_MemoryError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_MemoryError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_NameError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_NameError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_NotADirectoryError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_NotADirectoryError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_NotImplementedError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_NotImplementedError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_OSError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_OSError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_OverflowError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_OverflowError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_PermissionError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_PermissionError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ProcessLookupError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ProcessLookupError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_PythonFinalizationError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_PythonFinalizationError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_RecursionError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_RecursionError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ReferenceError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ReferenceError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_RuntimeError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_RuntimeError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_StopAsyncIteration (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_StopAsyncIteration (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_StopIteration (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_StopIteration (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_SyntaxError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_SyntaxError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_SystemError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_SystemError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_SystemExit (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_SystemExit (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_TabError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_TabError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_TimeoutError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_TimeoutError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_TypeError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_TypeError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_UnboundLocalError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_UnboundLocalError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_UnicodeError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_UnicodeError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ValueError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ValueError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:971 +msgid "PyExc_ZeroDivisionError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ZeroDivisionError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1157 +msgid "PyExc_EnvironmentError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_EnvironmentError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1157 +msgid "PyExc_IOError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_IOError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1157 +msgid "PyExc_WindowsError (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_WindowsError (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_Warning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_Warning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_BytesWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_BytesWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_DeprecationWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_DeprecationWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_FutureWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_FutureWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_ImportWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ImportWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_ResourceWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_ResourceWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_RuntimeWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_RuntimeWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_SyntaxWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_SyntaxWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_UnicodeWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_UnicodeWarning (C 变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/exceptions.rst:1194 +msgid "PyExc_UserWarning (C var)" +msgstr "PyExc_UserWarning (C 变量)" diff --git a/c-api/file.po b/c-api/file.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..34e5ee162 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/file.po @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:6 +msgid "File Objects" +msgstr "文件对象" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:10 +msgid "" +"These APIs are a minimal emulation of the Python 2 C API for built-in file " +"objects, which used to rely on the buffered I/O (:c:expr:`FILE*`) support " +"from the C standard library. In Python 3, files and streams use the new " +":mod:`io` module, which defines several layers over the low-level unbuffered" +" I/O of the operating system. The functions described below are convenience" +" C wrappers over these new APIs, and meant mostly for internal error " +"reporting in the interpreter; third-party code is advised to access the " +":mod:`io` APIs instead." +msgstr "" +"这些 API 是对内置文件对象的 Python 2 C API 的最小化模拟，它过去依赖于 C 标准库的带缓冲 I/O " +"(:c:expr:`FILE*`) 支持。 在 Python 3 中，文件和流使用新的 :mod:`io` 模块，该萨凡纳的操作系统的低层级无缓冲 " +"I/O 之上定义了几个层。 下面介绍的函数是针对这些新 API 的便捷 C 包装器，主要用于解释器的内部错误报告；建议第三方代码改为访问 " +":mod:`io` API。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Create a Python file object from the file descriptor of an already opened " +"file *fd*. The arguments *name*, *encoding*, *errors* and *newline* can be " +"``NULL`` to use the defaults; *buffering* can be *-1* to use the default. " +"*name* is ignored and kept for backward compatibility. Return ``NULL`` on " +"failure. For a more comprehensive description of the arguments, please refer" +" to the :func:`io.open` function documentation." +msgstr "" +"根据已打开文件 *fd* 的文件描述符创建一个 Python 文件对象。 参数 *name*, *encoding*, *errors* 和 " +"*newline* 可以为 ``NULL`` 表示使用默认值；*buffering* 可以为 *-1* 表示使用默认值。 *name* " +"会被忽略仅保留用于向下兼容。 失败时返回 ``NULL``。 有关参数的更全面描述，请参阅 :func:`io.open` 函数的文档。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Since Python streams have their own buffering layer, mixing them with OS-" +"level file descriptors can produce various issues (such as unexpected " +"ordering of data)." +msgstr "由于Python流具有自己的缓冲层，因此将它们与 OS 级文件描述符混合会产生各种问题（例如数据的意外排序）。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:35 +msgid "Ignore *name* attribute." +msgstr "忽略 *name* 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Return the file descriptor associated with *p* as an :c:expr:`int`. If the " +"object is an integer, its value is returned. If not, the object's " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method is called if it exists; the method must " +"return an integer, which is returned as the file descriptor value. Sets an " +"exception and returns ``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"将与 *p* 关联的文件描述符作为 :c:expr:`int` 返回。 如果对象是整数，则返回其值。 如果不是，则如果对象存在 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法则调用该方法；该方法必须返回一个整数，它将作为文件描述符的值返回。 失败时将设置异常并返回 " +"``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``p.readline([n])``, this function reads one line from the " +"object *p*. *p* may be a file object or any object with a " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` method. If *n* is ``0``, exactly one line is " +"read, regardless of the length of the line. If *n* is greater than ``0``, " +"no more than *n* bytes will be read from the file; a partial line can be " +"returned. In both cases, an empty string is returned if the end of the file" +" is reached immediately. If *n* is less than ``0``, however, one line is " +"read regardless of length, but :exc:`EOFError` is raised if the end of the " +"file is reached immediately." +msgstr "" +"等价于 ``p.readline([n])`` ，这个函数从对象 *p* 中读取一行。 *p* 可以是文件对象或具有 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` 方法的任何对象。 如果 *n* 是 ``0`` ，则无论该行的长度如何，都会读取一行。 如果 " +"*n* 大于 ``0``，则从文件中读取不超过 *n* 个字节；可以返回行的一部分。 在这两种情况下，如果立即到达文件末尾，则返回空字符串。 但是，如果" +" *n* 小于 ``0`` ，则无论长度如何都会读取一行，但是如果立即到达文件末尾，则引发 :exc:`EOFError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Overrides the normal behavior of :func:`io.open_code` to pass its parameter " +"through the provided handler." +msgstr "重写 :func:`io.open_code` 的正常行为，将其形参通过所提供的处理程序来传递。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:68 +msgid "The *handler* is a function of type:" +msgstr "*handler* 函数的类型为：" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Equivalent of :c:expr:`PyObject *(\\*)(PyObject *path, void *userData)`, " +"where *path* is guaranteed to be :c:type:`PyUnicodeObject`." +msgstr "" +"等价于 :c:expr:`PyObject *(\\*)(PyObject *path, void *userData)`，其中 *path* 会确保为" +" :c:type:`PyUnicodeObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The *userData* pointer is passed into the hook function. Since hook " +"functions may be called from different runtimes, this pointer should not " +"refer directly to Python state." +msgstr "*userData* 指针会被传入钩子函数。 因于钩子函数可能由不同的运行时调用，该指针不应直接指向 Python 状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:81 +msgid "" +"As this hook is intentionally used during import, avoid importing new " +"modules during its execution unless they are known to be frozen or available" +" in ``sys.modules``." +msgstr "" +"鉴于这个钩子专门在导入期间使用的，请避免在新模块执行期间进行导入操作，除非已知它们为冻结状态或者是在 ``sys.modules`` 中可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Once a hook has been set, it cannot be removed or replaced, and later calls " +"to :c:func:`PyFile_SetOpenCodeHook` will fail. On failure, the function " +"returns -1 and sets an exception if the interpreter has been initialized." +msgstr "" +"一旦钩子被设定，它就不能被移除或替换，之后对 :c:func:`PyFile_SetOpenCodeHook` " +"的调用也将失败，如果解释器已经被初始化，函数将返回 -1 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:89 +msgid "This function is safe to call before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`." +msgstr "此函数可以安全地在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``setopencodehook`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``setopencodehook``。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Write object *obj* to file object *p*. The only supported flag for *flags* " +"is :c:macro:`Py_PRINT_RAW`; if given, the :func:`str` of the object is " +"written instead of the :func:`repr`. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on " +"failure; the appropriate exception will be set." +msgstr "" +"将对象 *obj* 写入文件对象 *p*。 *flags* 唯一支持的旗标是 :c:macro:`Py_PRINT_RAW`；如果给定，则写入对象的 " +":func:`str` 而不是 :func:`repr`。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``；将设置适当的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Write string *s* to file object *p*. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on " +"failure; the appropriate exception will be set." +msgstr "将字符串 *s* 写入文件对象 *p*。 成功返回 ``0`` 失败返回 ``-1``；将设定相应的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:8 +msgid "file" +msgstr "文件" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:50 +msgid "EOFError (built-in exception)" +msgstr "EOFError (内置异常)" + +#: ../../c-api/file.rst:99 +msgid "Py_PRINT_RAW (C macro)" +msgstr "Py_PRINT_RAW (C 宏)" diff --git a/c-api/float.po b/c-api/float.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f93f46dc --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/float.po @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:6 +msgid "Floating-Point Objects" +msgstr "浮点数对象" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python floating-point " +"object." +msgstr "这个 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型代表一个 Python 浮点数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python floating-point" +" type. This is the same object as :class:`float` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例代表 Python 浮点数类型。 这与 Python 层面的 :class:`float` " +"是同一个对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyFloatObject` or a subtype of " +":c:type:`PyFloatObject`. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果它的参数是一个 :c:type:`PyFloatObject` 或者 :c:type:`PyFloatObject` 的子类型则返回真值。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyFloatObject`, but not a subtype " +"of :c:type:`PyFloatObject`. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果它的参数是一个 :c:type:`PyFloatObject` 但不是 :c:type:`PyFloatObject` 的子类型则返回真值。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Create a :c:type:`PyFloatObject` object based on the string value in *str*, " +"or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "根据字符串 *str* 的值创建一个 :c:type:`PyFloatObject`，失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Create a :c:type:`PyFloatObject` object from *v*, or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "根据 *v* 创建一个 :c:type:`PyFloatObject` 对象，失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`double` representation of the contents of *pyfloat*. If" +" *pyfloat* is not a Python floating-point object but has a " +":meth:`~object.__float__` method, this method will first be called to " +"convert *pyfloat* into a float. If :meth:`!__float__` is not defined then it" +" falls back to :meth:`~object.__index__`. This method returns ``-1.0`` upon " +"failure, so one should call :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors." +msgstr "" +"返回 *pyfloat* 的内容的 C :c:expr:`double` 表示形式。 如果 *pyfloat* 不是一个 Python " +"浮点数对象但是具有 :meth:`~object.__float__` 方法，则会先调用此方法来将 *pyfloat* 转换为浮点数。 如果 " +":meth:`!__float__` 未定义则将回退至 :meth:`~object.__index__`。 此方法在失败时将返回 " +"``-1.0``，因此开发者应当调用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来检测错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:54 +msgid "Use :meth:`~object.__index__` if available." +msgstr "如果可能将使用 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`double` representation of the contents of *pyfloat*, but" +" without error checking." +msgstr "返回 *pyfloat* 的 C :c:expr:`double` 表示形式，但不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Return a structseq instance which contains information about the precision, " +"minimum and maximum values of a float. It's a thin wrapper around the header" +" file :file:`float.h`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 structseq 实例，其中包含有关 float 的精度、最小值和最大值的信息。 它是头文件 :file:`float.h` " +"的一个简单包装。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Return the maximum representable finite float *DBL_MAX* as C " +":c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "返回 C :c:expr:`double` 形式的最大可表示有限浮点数 *DBL_MAX*。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Return the minimum normalized positive float *DBL_MIN* as C " +":c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "返回 C :c:expr:`double` 形式的最小正规化正浮点数 *DBL_MIN*。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:82 +msgid "Pack and Unpack functions" +msgstr "打包与解包函数" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:84 +msgid "" +"The pack and unpack functions provide an efficient platform-independent way " +"to store floating-point values as byte strings. The Pack routines produce a " +"bytes string from a C :c:expr:`double`, and the Unpack routines produce a C " +":c:expr:`double` from such a bytes string. The suffix (2, 4 or 8) specifies " +"the number of bytes in the bytes string." +msgstr "" +"打包与解包函数提供了独立于平台的高效方式来将浮点数值存储为字节串。 Pack 例程根据 C :c:expr:`double` 产生字节串，而 " +"Unpack 例程根据这样的字节串产生 C :c:expr:`double`。 后缀 (2, 4 or 8) 指明字节串中的字节数。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:90 +msgid "" +"On platforms that appear to use IEEE 754 formats these functions work by " +"copying bits. On other platforms, the 2-byte format is identical to the IEEE" +" 754 binary16 half-precision format, the 4-byte format (32-bit) is identical" +" to the IEEE 754 binary32 single precision format, and the 8-byte format to " +"the IEEE 754 binary64 double precision format, although the packing of INFs " +"and NaNs (if such things exist on the platform) isn't handled correctly, and" +" attempting to unpack a bytes string containing an IEEE INF or NaN will " +"raise an exception." +msgstr "" +"在明显使用 IEEE 754 格式的平台上这些函数是通过拷贝比特位来实现的。 在其他平台上，2 字节格式与 IEEE 754 binary16 " +"半精度格式相同，4 字节格式 (32 位) 与 IEEE 754 binary32 单精度格式相同，而 8 字节格式则与 IEEE 754 " +"双精度格式相同，不过 INF 和 NaN (如果平台存在这两种值) 未得到正确处理，而试图对包含 IEEE INF 或 NaN " +"的字节串执行解包将会引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:99 +msgid "" +"On non-IEEE platforms with more precision, or larger dynamic range, than " +"IEEE 754 supports, not all values can be packed; on non-IEEE platforms with " +"less precision, or smaller dynamic range, not all values can be unpacked. " +"What happens in such cases is partly accidental (alas)." +msgstr "" +"在具有比 IEEE 754 所支持的更高精度，或更大动态范围的非 IEEE 平台上，不是所有的值都能被打包；在具有更低精度，或更小动态范围的非 IEEE" +" 平台上，则不是所有的值都能被解包。 在这种情况下发生的事情有一部分将是偶然的（无奈）。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:107 +msgid "Pack functions" +msgstr "打包函数" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The pack routines write 2, 4 or 8 bytes, starting at *p*. *le* is an " +":c:expr:`int` argument, non-zero if you want the bytes string in little-" +"endian format (exponent last, at ``p+1``, ``p+3``, or ``p+6`` ``p+7``), zero" +" if you want big-endian format (exponent first, at *p*). The " +":c:macro:`PY_BIG_ENDIAN` constant can be used to use the native endian: it " +"is equal to ``1`` on big endian processor, or ``0`` on little endian " +"processor." +msgstr "" +"打包例程会写入 2, 4 或 8 个字节，从 *p* 开始。 *le* 是一个 :c:expr:`int` 参数，如果你想要字节串为小端序格式 " +"(指数部分放在后面，位于 ``p+1``, ``p+3`` 或 ``p+6`` ``p+7``) 则其应为非零值，如果你想要大端序格式 " +"(指数部分放在前面，位于 *p*) 则其应为零。 :c:macro:`PY_BIG_ENDIAN` 常量可被用于使用本机端序：在大端序处理器上等于 " +"``1``，在小端序处理器上则等于 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Return value: ``0`` if all is OK, ``-1`` if error (and an exception is set, " +"most likely :exc:`OverflowError`)." +msgstr "" +"返回值: 如果一切正常则为 ``0``，如果出错则为 ``-1`` (并会设置一个异常，最大可能为 :exc:`OverflowError`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:119 +msgid "There are two problems on non-IEEE platforms:" +msgstr "在非 IEEE 平台上存在两个问题:" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:121 +msgid "What this does is undefined if *x* is a NaN or infinity." +msgstr "如果 *x* 为 NaN 或无穷大则此函数的行为是未定义的。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:122 +msgid "``-0.0`` and ``+0.0`` produce the same bytes string." +msgstr "``-0.0`` 和 ``+0.0`` 将产生相同的字节串。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:126 +msgid "Pack a C double as the IEEE 754 binary16 half-precision format." +msgstr "将 C double 打包为 IEEE 754 binary16 半精度格式。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:130 +msgid "Pack a C double as the IEEE 754 binary32 single precision format." +msgstr "将 C double 打包为 IEEE 754 binary32 单精度格式。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:134 +msgid "Pack a C double as the IEEE 754 binary64 double precision format." +msgstr "将 C double 打包为 IEEE 754 binary64 双精度格式。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:138 +msgid "Unpack functions" +msgstr "解包函数" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The unpack routines read 2, 4 or 8 bytes, starting at *p*. *le* is an " +":c:expr:`int` argument, non-zero if the bytes string is in little-endian " +"format (exponent last, at ``p+1``, ``p+3`` or ``p+6`` and ``p+7``), zero if " +"big-endian (exponent first, at *p*). The :c:macro:`PY_BIG_ENDIAN` constant " +"can be used to use the native endian: it is equal to ``1`` on big endian " +"processor, or ``0`` on little endian processor." +msgstr "" +"解包例程会读取 2, 4 或 8 个字节，从 *p* 开始。 *le* 是一个 :c:expr:`int` 参数，如果字节串为小端序格式 " +"(指数部门放在后面，位于 ``p+1``, ``p+3`` 或 ``p+6`` 和 ``p+7``) 则其应为非零值，如果为大端序格式 " +"(指数部分放在前面，位于 *p*) 则其应为零。 :c:macro:`PY_BIG_ENDIAN` 常量可被用于使用本机端序：在大端序处理器上等于 " +"``1``，在小端序处理器上则等于 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Return value: The unpacked double. On error, this is ``-1.0`` and " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` is true (and an exception is set, most likely " +":exc:`OverflowError`)." +msgstr "" +"返回值: 解包后的 double。 出错时，返回值为 ``-1.0`` 且 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 为真值 " +"(并且会设置一个异常，最大可能为 :exc:`OverflowError`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Note that on a non-IEEE platform this will refuse to unpack a bytes string " +"that represents a NaN or infinity." +msgstr "请注意在非 IEEE 平台上此函数将拒绝解包表示 NaN 或无穷大的字节串。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:156 +msgid "Unpack the IEEE 754 binary16 half-precision format as a C double." +msgstr "将 IEEE 754 binary16 半精度格式解包为 C double。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:160 +msgid "Unpack the IEEE 754 binary32 single precision format as a C double." +msgstr "将 IEEE 754 binary32 单精度格式解包为 C double。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:164 +msgid "Unpack the IEEE 754 binary64 double precision format as a C double." +msgstr "将 IEEE 754 binary64 双精度格式解包为 C double。" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/float.rst:8 +msgid "floating-point" +msgstr "浮点数" diff --git a/c-api/frame.po b/c-api/frame.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9455b96fb --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/frame.po @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# LeeWendao , 2022 +# Xie Yanbo , 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# starklin, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-13 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-05 19:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:4 +msgid "Frame Objects" +msgstr "帧对象" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:8 +msgid "The C structure of the objects used to describe frame objects." +msgstr "用于描述帧对象的对象C结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:10 +msgid "There are no public members in this structure." +msgstr "此结构体中无公有成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The members of this structure were removed from the public C API. Refer to " +"the :ref:`What's New entry ` for details." +msgstr "" +"此结构体的成员已从公有 C API 中移除。 请参阅 :ref:`What's New entry " +"` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame` and :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` functions" +" can be used to get a frame object." +msgstr "" +"可以使用函数 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame` 与 :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` " +"去获取一个帧对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:20 +msgid "See also :ref:`Reflection `." +msgstr "可参考：:ref:`Reflection 1`" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The type of frame objects. It is the same object as " +":py:class:`types.FrameType` in the Python layer." +msgstr "帧对象的类型。 它与 Python 层中的 :py:class:`types.FrameType` 是同一对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Previously, this type was only available after including " +"````." +msgstr "在之前版本中，此类型仅在包括 ```` 之后可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:34 +msgid "Return non-zero if *obj* is a frame object." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 是一个帧对象则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Previously, this function was only available after including " +"````." +msgstr "在之前版本中，只函数仅在包括 ```` 之后可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:43 +msgid "Get the *frame* next outer frame." +msgstr "获取 *frame* 为下一个外部帧。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`strong reference`, or ``NULL`` if *frame* has no outer " +"frame." +msgstr "返回一个 :term:`strong reference`，或者如果 *frame* 没有外部帧则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:53 +msgid "Get the *frame*'s :attr:`~frame.f_builtins` attribute." +msgstr "获取 *frame* 的 :attr:`~frame.f_builtins` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:55 ../../c-api/frame.rst:86 +msgid "Return a :term:`strong reference`. The result cannot be ``NULL``." +msgstr "返回一个 :term:`strong reference`。 此结果不可为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:62 +msgid "Get the *frame* code." +msgstr "获取 *frame* 的代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:64 ../../c-api/frame.rst:130 +msgid "Return a :term:`strong reference`." +msgstr "返回一个 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:66 +msgid "The result (frame code) cannot be ``NULL``." +msgstr "结果（帧代码）不可为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Get the generator, coroutine, or async generator that owns this frame, or " +"``NULL`` if this frame is not owned by a generator. Does not raise an " +"exception, even if the return value is ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"获取拥有该帧的生成器、协程或异步生成器，或者如果该帧不被某个生成器所拥有则为 ``NULL``。 不会引发异常，即使其返回值为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:77 +msgid "Return a :term:`strong reference`, or ``NULL``." +msgstr "返回一个 :term:`strong reference`，或者 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:84 +msgid "Get the *frame*'s :attr:`~frame.f_globals` attribute." +msgstr "获取 *frame* 的 :attr:`~frame.f_globals` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:93 +msgid "Get the *frame*'s :attr:`~frame.f_lasti` attribute." +msgstr "获取 *frame* 的 :attr:`~frame.f_lasti` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:95 +msgid "Returns -1 if ``frame.f_lasti`` is ``None``." +msgstr "如果 ``frame.f_lasti`` 为 ``None`` 则返回 -1。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:102 +msgid "Get the variable *name* of *frame*." +msgstr "获取 *frame* 的变量 *name*。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:104 +msgid "Return a :term:`strong reference` to the variable value on success." +msgstr "成功时返回一个指向变量值的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`NameError` and return ``NULL`` if the variable does not exist." +msgstr "引发 :exc:`NameError` 并返回 ``NULL`` 如果该变量不存在。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:106 +msgid "Raise an exception and return ``NULL`` on error." +msgstr "引发异常并返回``NULL``错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:108 +msgid "*name* type must be a :class:`str`." +msgstr "*name* 必须是 :class:`str` 类型的。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVar`, but the variable name is a C string " +"encoded in UTF-8." +msgstr "和 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVar` 相似，但该变量名是一个使用 UTF-8 编码的 C 字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Get the *frame*'s :attr:`~frame.f_locals` attribute. If the frame refers to " +"an :term:`optimized scope`, this returns a write-through proxy object that " +"allows modifying the locals. In all other cases (classes, modules, " +":func:`exec`, :func:`eval`) it returns the mapping representing the frame " +"locals directly (as described for :func:`locals`)." +msgstr "" +"获取 *frame* 的 :attr:`~frame.f_locals` 属性。 如果该帧指向一个 :term:`optimized " +"scope`，这将返回一个允许修改 locals 的直通写入代理对象。 在所有其他情况下 " +"(类、模块、:func:`exec`、:func:`eval`) 它将直接返回代表该帧的 locals 的映射 (如为 :func:`locals` " +"所描述的)。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:134 +msgid "" +"As part of :pep:`667`, return an instance of " +":c:var:`PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type`." +msgstr "作为 :pep:`667` 的组成部分，返回一个 :c:var:`PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type` 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:140 +msgid "Return the line number that *frame* is currently executing." +msgstr "返回 *frame* 当前正在执行的行号。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:144 +msgid "Frame Locals Proxies" +msgstr "帧 locals 代理" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:148 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~frame.f_locals` attribute on a :ref:`frame object ` is an instance of a \"frame-locals proxy\". The proxy object " +"exposes a write-through view of the underlying locals dictionary for the " +"frame. This ensures that the variables exposed by ``f_locals`` are always up" +" to date with the live local variables in the frame itself." +msgstr "" +":ref:`帧对象 ` 的 :attr:`~frame.f_locals` 属性是“帧 locals 代理”的一个实例。 " +"该代理对象将对外公开一个下层帧 locals 字典的直写视图。 这确保了由 ``f_locals`` 暴露的变量总是与帧本身的现有局部变量内容一致。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:154 +msgid "See :pep:`667` for more information." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`667` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:158 +msgid "The type of frame :func:`locals` proxy objects." +msgstr "帧 :func:`locals` 代理对象的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:162 +msgid "Return non-zero if *obj* is a frame :func:`locals` proxy." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 是一个帧 :func:`locals` 代理则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:165 +msgid "Internal Frames" +msgstr "内部帧" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:167 +msgid "Unless using :pep:`523`, you will not need this." +msgstr "除非使用:pep:`523`，否则你不会需要它。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:171 +msgid "The interpreter's internal frame representation." +msgstr "解释器的内部帧表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:177 +msgid "Return a :term:`strong reference` to the code object for the frame." +msgstr "返回一个指向帧的代码对象的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:184 +msgid "Return the byte offset into the last executed instruction." +msgstr "将字节偏移量返回到最后执行的指令中。" + +#: ../../c-api/frame.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Return the currently executing line number, or -1 if there is no line " +"number." +msgstr "返回正在执行的指令的行数，如果没有行数，则返回-1。" diff --git a/c-api/function.po b/c-api/function.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..053b77399 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/function.po @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kade For, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# allenjuly7 , 2021 +# Josh Ouyang , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:6 +msgid "Function Objects" +msgstr "Function 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:10 +msgid "There are a few functions specific to Python functions." +msgstr "有一些特定于 Python 函数的函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:15 +msgid "The C structure used for functions." +msgstr "用于函数的 C 结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:22 +msgid "" +"This is an instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` and represents the Python " +"function type. It is exposed to Python programmers as " +"``types.FunctionType``." +msgstr "" +"这是一个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例并表示 Python 函数类型。 它作为 ``types.FunctionType`` 向 " +"Python 程序员公开。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Return true if *o* is a function object (has type " +":c:data:`PyFunction_Type`). The parameter must not be ``NULL``. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 是一个函数对象 (类型为 :c:data:`PyFunction_Type`) 则返回真值。 形参必须不为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Return a new function object associated with the code object *code*. " +"*globals* must be a dictionary with the global variables accessible to the " +"function." +msgstr "返回与代码对象 *code* 关联的新函数对象。 *globals* 必须是一个字典，该函数可以访问全局变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The function's docstring and name are retrieved from the code object. " +":attr:`~function.__module__` is retrieved from *globals*. The argument " +"defaults, annotations and closure are set to ``NULL``. " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__` is set to the same value as the code object's" +" :attr:`~codeobject.co_qualname` field." +msgstr "" +"函数的文档字符串和名称是从代码对象中提取的。 :attr:`~function.__module__` 是从 *globals* 中提取的。 参数 " +"defaults, annotations 和 closure 被设为 ``NULL``。 :attr:`~function.__qualname__`" +" 被设为与代码对象的 :attr:`~codeobject.co_qualname` 字段相同的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:46 +msgid "" +"As :c:func:`PyFunction_New`, but also allows setting the function object's " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__` attribute. *qualname* should be a unicode " +"object or ``NULL``; if ``NULL``, the :attr:`!__qualname__` attribute is set " +"to the same value as the code object's :attr:`~codeobject.co_qualname` " +"field." +msgstr "" +"类似 :c:func:`PyFunction_New`，但还允许设置函数对象的 :attr:`~function.__qualname__` 属性。 " +"*qualname* 应当是一个 unicode 对象或为 ``NULL``；如为 ``NULL``，则 :attr:`!__qualname__` " +"属性会被设为与代码对象的 :attr:`~codeobject.co_qualname` 字段相同的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:57 +msgid "Return the code object associated with the function object *op*." +msgstr "返回与函数对象 *op* 关联的代码对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Return the globals dictionary associated with the function object *op*." +msgstr "返回与函数对象*op*相关联的全局字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`borrowed reference` to the :attr:`~function.__module__` " +"attribute of the :ref:`function object ` *op*. It can be" +" *NULL*." +msgstr "" +"向 :ref:`函数对象 ` *op* 的 :attr:`~function.__module__` " +"属性返回一个 :term:`borrowed reference`。 该值可以为 *NULL*。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:71 +msgid "" +"This is normally a :class:`string ` containing the module name, but can" +" be set to any other object by Python code." +msgstr "这通常为一个包含模块名称的 :class:`字符串 `，但可以通过 Python 代码设为任何其他对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Return the argument default values of the function object *op*. This can be " +"a tuple of arguments or ``NULL``." +msgstr "返回函数对象 *op* 的参数默认值。 这可以是一个参数元组或 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Set the argument default values for the function object *op*. *defaults* " +"must be ``Py_None`` or a tuple." +msgstr "为函数对象 *op* 设置参数默认值。 *defaults* 必须为 ``Py_None`` 或一个元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:86 ../../c-api/function.rst:109 +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:123 +msgid "Raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns ``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "失败时引发 :exc:`SystemError` 异常并返回 ``-1`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:91 +msgid "Set the vectorcall field of a given function object *func*." +msgstr "设置给定函数对象 *func* 的 vectorcall 字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Warning: extensions using this API must preserve the behavior of the " +"unaltered (default) vectorcall function!" +msgstr "警告：使用此 API 的扩展必须保留未修改的（默认） vectorcall 函数的行为！" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Return the closure associated with the function object *op*. This can be " +"``NULL`` or a tuple of cell objects." +msgstr "返回关联到函数对象 *op* 的闭包。 这可以是 ``NULL`` 或 cell 对象的元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Set the closure associated with the function object *op*. *closure* must be " +"``Py_None`` or a tuple of cell objects." +msgstr "设置关联到函数对象 *op* 的闭包。 *closure* 必须为 ``Py_None`` 或 cell 对象的元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Return the annotations of the function object *op*. This can be a mutable " +"dictionary or ``NULL``." +msgstr "返回函数对象 *op* 的标注。 这可以是一个可变字典或 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Set the annotations for the function object *op*. *annotations* must be a " +"dictionary or ``Py_None``." +msgstr "设置函数对象 *op* 的标注。 *annotations* 必须为一个字典或 ``Py_None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Register *callback* as a function watcher for the current interpreter. " +"Return an ID which may be passed to :c:func:`PyFunction_ClearWatcher`. In " +"case of error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available), return ``-1`` and set an" +" exception." +msgstr "" +"注册 *callback* 作为当前解释器的函数监视器。 返回一个可被传给 :c:func:`PyFunction_ClearWatcher` 的 " +"ID。 如果出现错误（比如没有足够的可用监视器 ID），则返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Clear watcher identified by *watcher_id* previously returned from " +":c:func:`PyFunction_AddWatcher` for the current interpreter. Return ``0`` on" +" success, or ``-1`` and set an exception on error (e.g. if the given " +"*watcher_id* was never registered.)" +msgstr "" +"清空当前解释器在之前从Clear watcher identified by previously returned from " +":c:func:`PyFunction_AddWatcher` 返回的由 *watcher_id* 所标识的监视器。 成功时返回 " +"``0``，或者出错时（比如当给定的 *watcher_id* 未被注册）返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:148 +msgid "Enumeration of possible function watcher events:" +msgstr "由可能的函数监视事件组成的枚举：" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:150 +msgid "``PyFunction_EVENT_CREATE``" +msgstr "``PyFunction_EVENT_CREATE``" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:151 +msgid "``PyFunction_EVENT_DESTROY``" +msgstr "``PyFunction_EVENT_DESTROY``" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:152 +msgid "``PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_CODE``" +msgstr "``PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_CODE``" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:153 +msgid "``PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_DEFAULTS``" +msgstr "``PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_DEFAULTS``" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:154 +msgid "``PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_KWDEFAULTS``" +msgstr "``PyFunction_EVENT_MODIFY_KWDEFAULTS``" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:161 +msgid "Type of a function watcher callback function." +msgstr "函数监视器回调函数的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:163 +msgid "" +"If *event* is ``PyFunction_EVENT_CREATE`` or ``PyFunction_EVENT_DESTROY`` " +"then *new_value* will be ``NULL``. Otherwise, *new_value* will hold a " +":term:`borrowed reference` to the new value that is about to be stored in " +"*func* for the attribute that is being modified." +msgstr "" +"如果 *event* 为 ``PyFunction_EVENT_CREATE`` 或 ``PyFunction_EVENT_DESTROY`` 则 " +"*new_value* 将为 ``NULL``。 在其他情况下，*new_value* 将为被修改的属性持有一个指向要保存在 *func* 中的新值的 " +":term:`borrowed reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:168 +msgid "" +"The callback may inspect but must not modify *func*; doing so could have " +"unpredictable effects, including infinite recursion." +msgstr "该回调可以检查但不能修改 *func*; 这样做可能具有不可预知的影响，包括无限递归。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:171 +msgid "" +"If *event* is ``PyFunction_EVENT_CREATE``, then the callback is invoked " +"after `func` has been fully initialized. Otherwise, the callback is invoked " +"before the modification to *func* takes place, so the prior state of *func* " +"can be inspected. The runtime is permitted to optimize away the creation of " +"function objects when possible. In such cases no event will be emitted. " +"Although this creates the possibility of an observable difference of runtime" +" behavior depending on optimization decisions, it does not change the " +"semantics of the Python code being executed." +msgstr "" +"如果 *event* 是 ``PyFunction_EVENT_CREATE``，则该回调会在 `func` 完成初始化之后被唤起。 " +"在其他情况下，该回调会在对 *func* 进行修改之前被唤起，这样就可以检查 *func* 之前的状态。 如有可能函数对象的创建允许被运行时优化掉。 " +"在此情况下将不发出任何事件。 虽然根据不同的优化决定这会产生可被观察到的运行时行为变化，但是它不会改变被运行的 Python 代码的语义。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:180 +msgid "" +"If *event* is ``PyFunction_EVENT_DESTROY``, Taking a reference in the " +"callback to the about-to-be-destroyed function will resurrect it, preventing" +" it from being freed at this time. When the resurrected object is destroyed " +"later, any watcher callbacks active at that time will be called again." +msgstr "" +"如果 *event* 是 " +"``PyFunction_EVENT_DESTROY``，则在回调中接受一个即将销毁的函数的引用将使其重生，并阻止其在此时被释放。 " +"当重生的对象以后再被销毁时，任何在当时已激活的监视器回调将再次被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:185 +msgid "" +"If the callback sets an exception, it must return ``-1``; this exception " +"will be printed as an unraisable exception using " +":c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable`. Otherwise it should return ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果该回调设置了一个异常，则它必须返回 ``-1``；此异常将作为不可引发的异常使用 :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` " +"打印出来。 在其他情况下它应当返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:189 +msgid "" +"There may already be a pending exception set on entry to the callback. In " +"this case, the callback should return ``0`` with the same exception still " +"set. This means the callback may not call any other API that can set an " +"exception unless it saves and clears the exception state first, and restores" +" it before returning." +msgstr "" +"在进入回调时可能已经设置了尚未处理的异常。 在此情况下，回调应当返回 ``0`` 并仍然设置同样的异常。 这意味着该回调可能不会调用任何其他可设置异常的" +" API 除非它先保存并清空异常状态，并在返回之前恢复它。" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:8 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../c-api/function.rst:20 +msgid "MethodType (in module types)" +msgstr "MethodType (types 模块)" diff --git a/c-api/gcsupport.po b/c-api/gcsupport.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ca7fb7e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/gcsupport.po @@ -0,0 +1,433 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Makdon , 2021 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:6 +msgid "Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection" +msgstr "使对象类型支持循环垃圾回收" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Python's support for detecting and collecting garbage which involves " +"circular references requires support from object types which are " +"\"containers\" for other objects which may also be containers. Types which " +"do not store references to other objects, or which only store references to " +"atomic types (such as numbers or strings), do not need to provide any " +"explicit support for garbage collection." +msgstr "" +"Python " +"对循环引用的垃圾检测与回收需要“容器”对象类型的支持，此类型的容器对象中可能包含其它容器对象。不保存其它对象的引用的类型，或者只保存原子类型（如数字或字符串）的引用的类型，不需要显式提供垃圾回收的支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:15 +msgid "" +"To create a container type, the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field of " +"the type object must include the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` and provide " +"an implementation of the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler. If " +"instances of the type are mutable, a :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` " +"implementation must also be provided." +msgstr "" +"要创建一个容器类，类型对象的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 字段必须包括 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 并提供一个 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` " +"处理器的实现。 如果该类型的实例是可变的，则还必须提供 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 的实现。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:21 +msgid ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Objects with a type with this flag set must conform with the rules " +"documented here. For convenience these objects will be referred to as " +"container objects." +msgstr "设置了此标志位的类型的对象必须符合此处记录的规则。为方便起见，下文把这些对象称为容器对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:26 +msgid "Constructors for container types must conform to two rules:" +msgstr "容器类型的构造函数必须符合两个规则：" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The memory for the object must be allocated using :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New`" +" or :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`." +msgstr "" +"该对象的内在必须使用 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` 或 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` 来分配。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Once all the fields which may contain references to other containers are " +"initialized, it must call :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track`." +msgstr "初始化了所有可能包含其他容器的引用的字段后，它必须调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Similarly, the deallocator for the object must conform to a similar pair of " +"rules:" +msgstr "同样的，对象的释放器必须符合两个类似的规则：" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Before fields which refer to other containers are invalidated, " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` must be called." +msgstr "在引用其它容器的字段失效前，必须调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:40 +msgid "" +"The object's memory must be deallocated using :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del`." +msgstr "必须使用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` 释放对象的内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:43 +msgid "" +"If a type adds the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, then it *must* implement at least a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler or explicitly use one from its" +" subclass or subclasses." +msgstr "" +"如果一个类型添加了 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC，则它 *必须* 实现至少一个 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 句柄或显式地使用来自其一个或多个子类的句柄。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:47 +msgid "" +"When calling :c:func:`PyType_Ready` or some of the APIs that indirectly call" +" it like :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` or :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` the" +" interpreter will automatically populate the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` " +"and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` fields if the type inherits from a " +"class that implements the garbage collector protocol and the child class " +"does *not* include the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag." +msgstr "" +"当调用 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 或者某些间接调用该函数的 API 如 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` 或 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 时解释器将自动填充 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 字段，如果该类型是继承自实现了垃圾回收器协议的类并且该子类 *没有* 包括 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标的话。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Analogous to :c:macro:`PyObject_New` but for container objects with the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag set." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:macro:`PyObject_New` 但专用于设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标的容器对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Analogous to :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` but for container objects with the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag set." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` 类似但专用于设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` " +"旗标的容器对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Analogous to :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` but allocates *extra_size* bytes at " +"the end of the object (at offset :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`). " +"The allocated memory is initialized to zeros, except for the :c:type:`Python" +" object header `." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` 类似但会在对象的末尾分配 *extra_size* 个字节（在 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` 偏移量处）。 除 :c:type:`Python " +"对象标头` 外，分配的内存将初始化为零。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:73 +msgid "" +"The extra data will be deallocated with the object, but otherwise it is not " +"managed by Python." +msgstr "附加数据将与对象一起被释放，但在其他情况下则不会由 Python 来管理。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The function is marked as unstable because the final mechanism for reserving" +" extra data after an instance is not yet decided. For allocating a variable " +"number of fields, prefer using :c:type:`PyVarObject` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` instead." +msgstr "" +"此函数被标记为非稳定的因为在实例之后保留附加数据的机制尚未确定。 要分配可变数量的字段，推荐改用 :c:type:`PyVarObject` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Resize an object allocated by :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`. Returns the " +"resized object of type ``TYPE*`` (refers to any C type) or ``NULL`` on " +"failure." +msgstr "" +"重新调整 :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` 所分配对象的大小。 返回调整大小后的类型为 ``TYPE*`` 的对象（指向任意 C " +"类型）或在失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:92 +msgid "" +"*op* must be of type :c:expr:`PyVarObject *` and must not be tracked by the " +"collector yet. *newsize* must be of type :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "" +"*op* 必须为 :c:expr:`PyVarObject *` 类型并且不能已被回收器所追踪。 *newsize* 必须为 " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Adds the object *op* to the set of container objects tracked by the " +"collector. The collector can run at unexpected times so objects must be " +"valid while being tracked. This should be called once all the fields " +"followed by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler become valid, " +"usually near the end of the constructor." +msgstr "" +"把对象 *op* 加入到垃圾回收器跟踪的容器对象中。对象在被回收器跟踪时必须保持有效的，因为回收器可能在任何时候开始运行。在 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 处理前的所有字段变为有效后，必须调用此函数，通常在靠近构造函数末尾的位置。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Returns non-zero if the object implements the garbage collector protocol, " +"otherwise returns 0." +msgstr "如果对象实现了垃圾回收器协议则返回非零值，否则返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:111 +msgid "" +"The object cannot be tracked by the garbage collector if this function " +"returns 0." +msgstr "如果此函数返回 0 则对象无法被垃圾回收器追踪。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Returns 1 if the object type of *op* implements the GC protocol and *op* is " +"being currently tracked by the garbage collector and 0 otherwise." +msgstr "如果 *op* 对象的类型实现了 GC 协议且 *op* 目前正被垃圾回收器追踪则返回 1， 否则返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:119 +msgid "This is analogous to the Python function :func:`gc.is_tracked`." +msgstr "这类似于 Python 函数 :func:`gc.is_tracked`。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Returns 1 if the object type of *op* implements the GC protocol and *op* has" +" been already finalized by the garbage collector and 0 otherwise." +msgstr "如果 *op* 对象的类型实现了 GC 协议且 *op* 已经被垃圾回收器终结则返回 1， 否则返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:129 +msgid "This is analogous to the Python function :func:`gc.is_finalized`." +msgstr "这类似于 Python 函数 :func:`gc.is_finalized`。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Releases memory allocated to an object using :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` or " +":c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` 或 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` 释放分配给对象的内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Remove the object *op* from the set of container objects tracked by the " +"collector. Note that :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` can be called again on " +"this object to add it back to the set of tracked objects. The deallocator " +"(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler) should call this for the " +"object before any of the fields used by the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler become invalid." +msgstr "" +"从回收器跟踪的容器对象集合中移除 *op* 对象。 请注意可以在此对象上再次调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` " +"以将其加回到被跟踪对象集合。 释放器 (:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 句柄) 应当在 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 句柄所使用的任何字段失效之前为对象调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:151 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_TRACK` and :c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK` macros" +" have been removed from the public C API." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_TRACK` 和 :c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK` 宏已从公有 C API " +"中删除。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:154 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler accepts a function " +"parameter of this type:" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 处理接收以下类型的函数形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Type of the visitor function passed to the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler. The function should be called" +" with an object to traverse as *object* and the third parameter to the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler as *arg*. The Python core " +"uses several visitor functions to implement cyclic garbage detection; it's " +"not expected that users will need to write their own visitor functions." +msgstr "" +"传给 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 处理的访问函数的类型。*object* " +"是容器中需要被遍历的一个对象，第三个形参对应于 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 处理的 *arg* " +"。Python核心使用多个访问者函数实现循环引用的垃圾检测，不需要用户自行实现访问者函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:166 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handler must have the following " +"type:" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 处理必须是以下类型：" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Traversal function for a container object. Implementations must call the " +"*visit* function for each object directly contained by *self*, with the " +"parameters to *visit* being the contained object and the *arg* value passed " +"to the handler. The *visit* function must not be called with a ``NULL`` " +"object argument. If *visit* returns a non-zero value that value should be " +"returned immediately." +msgstr "" +"用于容器对象的遍历函数。 它的实现必须对 *self* 所直接包含的每个对象调用 *visit* 函数，*visit* " +"的形参为所包含对象和传给处理程序的 *arg* 值。 *visit* 函数调用不可附带 ``NULL`` 对象作为参数。 如果 *visit* " +"返回非零值，则该值应当被立即返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:178 +msgid "" +"To simplify writing :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handlers, a " +":c:func:`Py_VISIT` macro is provided. In order to use this macro, the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` implementation must name its arguments" +" exactly *visit* and *arg*:" +msgstr "" +"为了简化 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 处理的实现，Python提供了一个 " +":c:func:`Py_VISIT` 宏。若要使用这个宏，必须把 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` " +"的参数命名为 *visit* 和 *arg* 。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:185 +msgid "" +"If *o* is not ``NULL``, call the *visit* callback, with arguments *o* and " +"*arg*. If *visit* returns a non-zero value, then return it. Using this " +"macro, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handlers look like::" +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 不为 ``NULL``，则调用 *visit* 回调函数，附带参数 *o* 和 *arg*。 如果 *visit* " +"返回一个非零值，则返回该值。 使用此宏之后，:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 处理程序的形式如下::" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:190 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"my_traverse(Noddy *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->foo);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->bar);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"my_traverse(Noddy *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->foo);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->bar);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:198 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` handler must be of the " +":c:type:`inquiry` type, or ``NULL`` if the object is immutable." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 处理程序必须为 :c:type:`inquiry` 类型，如果对象不可变则为 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Drop references that may have created reference cycles. Immutable objects " +"do not have to define this method since they can never directly create " +"reference cycles. Note that the object must still be valid after calling " +"this method (don't just call :c:func:`Py_DECREF` on a reference). The " +"collector will call this method if it detects that this object is involved " +"in a reference cycle." +msgstr "" +"丢弃产生循环引用的引用。不可变对象不需要声明此方法，因为他们不可能直接产生循环引用。需要注意的是，对象在调用此方法后必须仍是有效的（不能对引用只调用 " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` 方法）。当垃圾回收器检测到该对象在循环引用中时，此方法会被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:213 +msgid "Controlling the Garbage Collector State" +msgstr "控制垃圾回收器状态" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:215 +msgid "" +"The C-API provides the following functions for controlling garbage " +"collection runs." +msgstr "这个 C-API 提供了以下函数用于控制垃圾回收的运行。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Perform a full garbage collection, if the garbage collector is enabled. " +"(Note that :func:`gc.collect` runs it unconditionally.)" +msgstr "执行完全的垃圾回收，如果垃圾回收器已启用的话。 （请注意 :func:`gc.collect` 会无条件地执行它。）" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Returns the number of collected + unreachable objects which cannot be " +"collected. If the garbage collector is disabled or already collecting, " +"returns ``0`` immediately. Errors during garbage collection are passed to " +":data:`sys.unraisablehook`. This function does not raise exceptions." +msgstr "" +"返回已回收的 + 无法回收的不可获取对象的数量。 如果垃圾回收器被禁用或已在执行回收，则立即返回 ``0``。 在垃圾回收期间发生的错误会被传给 " +":data:`sys.unraisablehook`。 此函数不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Enable the garbage collector: similar to :func:`gc.enable`. Returns the " +"previous state, 0 for disabled and 1 for enabled." +msgstr "启用垃圾回收器：类似于 :func:`gc.enable`。 返回之前的状态，0 为禁用而 1 为启用。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:241 +msgid "" +"Disable the garbage collector: similar to :func:`gc.disable`. Returns the " +"previous state, 0 for disabled and 1 for enabled." +msgstr "禁用垃圾回收器：类似于 :func:`gc.disable`。 返回之前的状态，0 为禁用而 1 为启用。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Query the state of the garbage collector: similar to :func:`gc.isenabled`. " +"Returns the current state, 0 for disabled and 1 for enabled." +msgstr "查询垃圾回收器的状态：类似于 :func:`gc.isenabled`。 返回当前的状态，0 为禁用而 1 为启用。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:256 +msgid "Querying Garbage Collector State" +msgstr "查询垃圾回收器状态" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:258 +msgid "" +"The C-API provides the following interface for querying information about " +"the garbage collector." +msgstr "该 C-API 提供了以下接口用于查询有关垃圾回收器的信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Run supplied *callback* on all live GC-capable objects. *arg* is passed " +"through to all invocations of *callback*." +msgstr "在全部活动的支持 GC 的对象上运行所提供的 *callback*。 *arg* 会被传递给所有 *callback* 的唤起操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:267 +msgid "" +"If new objects are (de)allocated by the callback it is undefined if they " +"will be visited." +msgstr "如果新对象被回调（取消）分配后再被访问其行为是未定义的。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Garbage collection is disabled during operation. Explicitly running a " +"collection in the callback may lead to undefined behaviour e.g. visiting the" +" same objects multiple times or not at all." +msgstr "垃圾回收在运行期间被禁用。 在回调中显式地运行回收可能导致未定义的行为，例如多次访问同一对象或完全不访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/gcsupport.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Type of the visitor function to be passed to " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects`. *arg* is the same as the *arg* passed " +"to ``PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects``. Return ``1`` to continue iteration, " +"return ``0`` to stop iteration. Other return values are reserved for now so " +"behavior on returning anything else is undefined." +msgstr "" +"要传给 :c:func:`PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects` 的访问者函数的类型。 *arg* 与传给 " +"``PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects`` 的 *arg* 相同。 返回 ``1`` 以继续迭代，返回 ``0`` 以停止迭代。 " +"其他返回值目前被保留因此返回任何其他值的行为都是未定义的。" diff --git a/c-api/gen.po b/c-api/gen.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c89cf33d --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/gen.po @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:6 +msgid "Generator Objects" +msgstr "生成器对象" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Generator objects are what Python uses to implement generator iterators. " +"They are normally created by iterating over a function that yields values, " +"rather than explicitly calling :c:func:`PyGen_New` or " +":c:func:`PyGen_NewWithQualName`." +msgstr "" +"生成器对象是Python用来实现生成器迭代器的对象。它们通常通过迭代产生值的函数来创建，而不是显式调用 :c:func:`PyGen_New` 或 " +":c:func:`PyGen_NewWithQualName`。" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:15 +msgid "The C structure used for generator objects." +msgstr "用于生成器对象的C结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:20 +msgid "The type object corresponding to generator objects." +msgstr "与生成器对象对应的类型对​​象。" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:25 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is a generator object; *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *ob* 是一个 generator 对象则返回真值；*ob* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob*'s type is :c:type:`PyGen_Type`; *ob* must not be " +"``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ob* 的类型是 :c:type:`PyGen_Type` 则返回真值；*ob* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Create and return a new generator object based on the *frame* object. A " +"reference to *frame* is stolen by this function. The argument must not be " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "基于 *frame* 对象创建并返回一个新的生成器对象。 此函数会取走一个对 *frame* 的引用。 参数必须不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/gen.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Create and return a new generator object based on the *frame* object, with " +"``__name__`` and ``__qualname__`` set to *name* and *qualname*. A reference " +"to *frame* is stolen by this function. The *frame* argument must not be " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"基于 *frame* 对象创建并返回一个新的生成器对象，其中 ``__name__`` 和 ``__qualname__`` 设为 *name* 和 " +"*qualname*。 此函数会取走一个对 *frame* 的引用。 *frame* 参数必须不为 ``NULL``。" diff --git a/c-api/hash.po b/c-api/hash.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..840b4104c --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/hash.po @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Nyuan Zhang, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-02-23 14:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:4 +msgid "PyHash API" +msgstr "PyHash API" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:6 +msgid "" +"See also the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_hash` member and :ref:`numeric-" +"hash`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_hash` 成员和 :ref:`numeric-hash`。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:10 +msgid "Hash value type: signed integer." +msgstr "哈希值类型：有符号整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:16 +msgid "Hash value type: unsigned integer." +msgstr "哈希值类型：无符号整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The `Mersenne prime `_ ``P = " +"2**n -1``, used for numeric hash scheme." +msgstr "" +"`梅森素数 `_ ``P = 2**n " +"-1``，用于数字哈希方案。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:28 +msgid "The exponent ``n`` of ``P`` in :c:macro:`PyHASH_MODULUS`." +msgstr "``P`` 在 :c:macro:`PyHASH_MODULUS` 中的 ``n`` 次幂。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:34 +msgid "Prime multiplier used in string and various other hashes." +msgstr "质因数被用于字符串和多种其他哈希算法中。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:40 +msgid "The hash value returned for a positive infinity." +msgstr "针对正无穷大返回的哈希值。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:46 +msgid "The multiplier used for the imaginary part of a complex number." +msgstr "用于复数虚部的乘数。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:52 +msgid "Hash function definition used by :c:func:`PyHash_GetFuncDef`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyHash_GetFuncDef` 使用的哈希函数定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:60 +msgid "Hash function name (UTF-8 encoded string)." +msgstr "哈希函数名称（UTF-8 编码的字符串）。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:64 +msgid "Internal size of the hash value in bits." +msgstr "以比特位表示的哈希值内部大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:68 +msgid "Size of seed input in bits." +msgstr "以比特位表示的输入种子值大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:75 +msgid "Get the hash function definition." +msgstr "获取哈希函数定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:78 +msgid ":pep:`456` \"Secure and interchangeable hash algorithm\"." +msgstr ":pep:`456` \"安全且可互换的哈希算法\"。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Hash a pointer value: process the pointer value as an integer (cast it to " +"``uintptr_t`` internally). The pointer is not dereferenced." +msgstr "对指针值执行哈希运算：将指针值作为整数来处理（在内部将其转换为 ``uintptr_t`` 类型）。 指针不会被撤销引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:88 +msgid "The function cannot fail: it cannot return ``-1``." +msgstr "此函数不会失败：它不可能返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Generic hashing function that is meant to be put into a type object's " +"``tp_hash`` slot. Its result only depends on the object's identity." +msgstr "将会被放入类型对象的 ``tp_hash`` 槽位的泛型哈希函数。 其结果值仅取决于对象的标识号。" + +#: ../../c-api/hash.rst:99 +msgid "In CPython, it is equivalent to :c:func:`Py_HashPointer`." +msgstr "在 CPython 中，它等价于 :c:func:`Py_HashPointer`。" diff --git a/c-api/import.po b/c-api/import.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e55c0402 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/import.po @@ -0,0 +1,491 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# Lordran , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:6 +msgid "Importing Modules" +msgstr "导入模块" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This is a wrapper around :c:func:`PyImport_Import()` which takes a " +":c:expr:`const char *` as an argument instead of a :c:expr:`PyObject *`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个对 :c:func:`PyImport_Import()` 的包装器，它接受一个 :c:expr:`const char *` 作为参数而不是 " +":c:expr:`PyObject *`。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:21 +msgid "" +"This function is a deprecated alias of :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`." +msgstr "该函数是 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` 的一个被遗弃的别名。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:23 +msgid "" +"This function used to fail immediately when the import lock was held by " +"another thread. In Python 3.3 though, the locking scheme switched to per-" +"module locks for most purposes, so this function's special behaviour isn't " +"needed anymore." +msgstr "" +"在导入锁被另一线程掌控时此函数会立即失败。 但是从 Python 3.3 " +"起，锁方案在大多数情况下都已切换为针对每个模块加锁，所以此函数的特殊行为已无必要。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:29 +msgid "Use :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` instead." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` 来代替。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python" +" function :func:`__import__`." +msgstr "导入一个模块。 请参阅内置 Python 函数 :func:`__import__` 获取完善的相关描述。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:40 ../../c-api/import.rst:56 +msgid "" +"The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level " +"package, or ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure. Like for " +":func:`__import__`, the return value when a submodule of a package was " +"requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty *fromlist* " +"was given." +msgstr "" +"返回值是一个对所导入模块或最高层级包的新引用，或是在导入失败时则为 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。 与 :func:`__import__` " +"类似，当请求一个包的子模块时返回值通常为该最高层级包，除非给出了一个非空的 *fromlist*。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Failing imports remove incomplete module objects, like with " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`." +msgstr "导入失败将移动不完整的模块对象，就像 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` 那样。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python" +" function :func:`__import__`, as the standard :func:`__import__` function " +"calls this function directly." +msgstr "" +"导入一个模块。 关于此函数的最佳说明请参考内置 Python 函数 :func:`__import__`，因为标准 :func:`__import__`" +" 函数会直接调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject`, but the name is a " +"UTF-8 encoded string instead of a Unicode object." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject`，但其名称为 UTF-8 编码的字符串而不是 Unicode" +" 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:69 +msgid "Negative values for *level* are no longer accepted." +msgstr "不再接受 *level* 为负数值。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:74 +msgid "" +"This is a higher-level interface that calls the current \"import hook " +"function\" (with an explicit *level* of 0, meaning absolute import). It " +"invokes the :func:`__import__` function from the ``__builtins__`` of the " +"current globals. This means that the import is done using whatever import " +"hooks are installed in the current environment." +msgstr "" +"这是一个调用了当前“导入钩子函数”的更高层级接口（显式指定 *level* 为 0，表示绝对导入）。 它将唤起当前全局作用域下 " +"``__builtins__`` 中的 :func:`__import__` 函数。 这意味着将使用当前环境下安装的任何导入钩子来完成导入。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:80 +msgid "This function always uses absolute imports." +msgstr "该函数总是使用绝对路径导入。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Reload a module. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, or ``NULL``" +" with an exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case)." +msgstr "重载一个模块。 返回一个指向被重载模块的新引用，或者在失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常（在此情况下模块仍然会存在）。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:91 +msgid "Return the module object corresponding to a module name." +msgstr "返回对应于模块名称的模块对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The *name* argument may be of the form ``package.module``. First check the " +"modules dictionary if there's one there, and if not, create a new one and " +"insert it in the modules dictionary." +msgstr "" +"*name* 参数的形式可以为 ``package.module``。 如果存在 modules 字典则首先检查它，如果不存在，则创建一个新模块并在 " +"modules 字典中插入它。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`strong reference` to the module on success. Return ``NULL`` " +"with an exception set on failure." +msgstr "成功时返回一个指向模块的 :term:`strong reference`。 失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:100 +msgid "The module name *name* is decoded from UTF-8." +msgstr "模块名称 *name* 将使用 UTF-8 解码。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:102 +msgid "" +"This function does not load or import the module; if the module wasn't " +"already loaded, you will get an empty module object. Use " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` or one of its variants to import a module. " +"Package structures implied by a dotted name for *name* are not created if " +"not already present." +msgstr "" +"此函数不会加载或导入指定模块；如果模块还未被加载，你将得到一个空的模块对象。 请使用 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` " +"或它的某个变体形式来导入模块。 *name* 使用的带点号名称的包结构如果尚不存在则不会被创建。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`, but return a :term:`borrowed " +"reference` and *name* is a Python :class:`str` object." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`，但会返回一个 :term:`borrowed reference` 并且 " +"*name* 将是一个 Python :class:`str` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`, but return a :term:`borrowed " +"reference`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`，但会返回一个 :term:`borrowed reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Given a module name (possibly of the form ``package.module``) and a code " +"object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in " +"function :func:`compile`, load the module. Return a new reference to the " +"module object, or ``NULL`` with an exception set if an error occurred. " +"*name* is removed from :data:`sys.modules` in error cases, even if *name* " +"was already in :data:`sys.modules` on entry to " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`. Leaving incompletely initialized modules" +" in :data:`sys.modules` is dangerous, as imports of such modules have no way" +" to know that the module object is an unknown (and probably damaged with " +"respect to the module author's intents) state." +msgstr "" +"给定一个模块名称（可能为 ``package.module`` 形式）和一个从 Python 字节码文件读取或从内置函数 :func:`compile`" +" 获取的代码对象，加载该模块。 返回对该模块对象的新引用，或者如果发生错误则返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。 在发生错误的情况下 *name* " +"会从 :data:`sys.modules` 中被移除，即使 *name* 在进入 :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule` " +"时已存在于 :data:`sys.modules` 中。 在 :data:`sys.modules` " +"中保留未完全初始化的模块是危险的，因为导入这样的模块没有办法知识模块对象是否处于一种未知的（对于模块作者的意图来说可能是已损坏的）状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:139 +msgid "" +"The module's :attr:`~module.__spec__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__` will be" +" set, if not set already, with the appropriate values. The spec's loader " +"will be set to the module's :attr:`!__loader__` (if set) and to an instance " +"of :class:`~importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"模块的 :attr:`~module.__spec__` 和 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 如果尚未设置，则会被设为适当的值。 " +"相应 spec 的加载器（如已设置）会被设为模块的 :attr:`!__loader__` 而在其他情况下则会被设为 " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader` 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:144 +msgid "" +"The module's :attr:`~module.__file__` attribute will be set to the code " +"object's :attr:`~codeobject.co_filename`. If applicable, " +":attr:`~module.__cached__` will also be set." +msgstr "" +"模块的 :attr:`~module.__file__` 属性将被设为代码对象的 :attr:`~codeobject.co_filename`。 " +"如果适用，还将设置 :attr:`~module.__cached__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:148 +msgid "" +"This function will reload the module if it was already imported. See " +":c:func:`PyImport_ReloadModule` for the intended way to reload a module." +msgstr "如果模块已被导入则此函数将重载它。 请参阅 :c:func:`PyImport_ReloadModule` 了解重载模块的预定方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:151 +msgid "" +"If *name* points to a dotted name of the form ``package.module``, any " +"package structures not already created will still not be created." +msgstr "如果 *name* 指向一个形式为 ``package.module`` 的带点号的名称，则任何尚未创建的包结构仍然不会被创建。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:154 +msgid "" +"See also :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx` and " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx` 和 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:157 +msgid "" +"The setting of :attr:`~module.__cached__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__` is " +"deprecated. See :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for alternatives." +msgstr "" +"设置 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 和 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 的做法已被弃用。 请参阅 " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` 了解替代方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`, but the :attr:`~module.__file__` " +"attribute of the module object is set to *pathname* if it is non-``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`，但是如果 *pathname* 不为 ``NULL`` 则会将其设为模块对象" +" :attr:`~module.__file__` 属性的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:168 +msgid "See also :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`." +msgstr "参见 :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames`。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx`, but the :attr:`~module.__cached__`" +" attribute of the module object is set to *cpathname* if it is non-``NULL``." +" Of the three functions, this is the preferred one to use." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx`，但如果 *cpathname* 不为 ``NULL`` " +"则会将其设为模块对象 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 属性的值。 在三个函数中，这是推荐使用的一个。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__cached__` is deprecated. See " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for alternatives." +msgstr "" +"设置 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 的做法已被弃用。 请参阅 " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` 了解替代方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject`, but *name*, *pathname* and " +"*cpathname* are UTF-8 encoded strings. Attempts are also made to figure out " +"what the value for *pathname* should be from *cpathname* if the former is " +"set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject`，但 *name*, *pathname* 和 " +"*cpathname* 为 UTF-8 编码的字符串。如果 *pathname* 也被设为 ``NULL`` 则还会尝试根据 *cpathname* " +"推断出前者的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Uses :func:`!imp.source_from_cache` in calculating the source path if only " +"the bytecode path is provided." +msgstr "如果只提供了字节码路径则会使用 :func:`!imp.source_from_cache` 来计算源路径。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:195 +msgid "No longer uses the removed :mod:`!imp` module." +msgstr "不再使用已移除的 :mod:`!imp` 模块。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:201 +msgid "" +"Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. :file:`.pyc` " +"file). The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the " +"bytecode file, in little-endian byte order. Returns ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +"返回 Python 字节码文件（即 :file:`.pyc` 文件）的魔数。 此魔数应当存在于字节码文件的开头四个字节中，按照小端字节序。 出错时返回 " +"``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:205 +msgid "Return value of ``-1`` upon failure." +msgstr "失败时返回值 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:211 +msgid "" +"Return the magic tag string for :pep:`3147` format Python bytecode file " +"names. Keep in mind that the value at ``sys.implementation.cache_tag`` is " +"authoritative and should be used instead of this function." +msgstr "" +"针对 :pep:`3147` 格式的 Python 字节码文件名返回魔术标签字符串。 请记住在 " +"``sys.implementation.cache_tag`` 上的值是应当被用来代替此函数的更权威的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Return the dictionary used for the module administration (a.k.a. " +"``sys.modules``). Note that this is a per-interpreter variable." +msgstr "返回用于模块管理的字典 (即 ``sys.modules``)。 请注意这是针对每个解释器的变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Return the already imported module with the given name. If the module has " +"not been imported yet then returns ``NULL`` but does not set an error. " +"Returns ``NULL`` and sets an error if the lookup failed." +msgstr "返回给定名称的已导入模块。 如果模块尚未导入则返回 ``NULL`` 但不会设置错误。 如果查找失败则返回 ``NULL`` 并设置错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Return a finder object for a :data:`sys.path`/:attr:`!pkg.__path__` item " +"*path*, possibly by fetching it from the :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` " +"dict. If it wasn't yet cached, traverse :data:`sys.path_hooks` until a hook" +" is found that can handle the path item. Return ``None`` if no hook could; " +"this tells our caller that the :term:`path based finder` could not find a " +"finder for this path item. Cache the result in " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache`. Return a new reference to the finder " +"object." +msgstr "" +"返回针对一个 :data:`sys.path`/:attr:`!pkg.__path__` 中条目 *path* 的查找器对象，可能会从 " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 字典中获取。 如果它尚未被缓存，则会遍历 :data:`sys.path_hooks` " +"直至找到一个能处理该路径条目的钩子。 如果没有可用的钩子则返回 ``None``；这将告知调用方 :term:`path based finder` " +"无法为该路径条目找到查找器。 结果将缓存到 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 中。 返回一个指向查找器对象的新引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Load a frozen module named *name*. Return ``1`` for success, ``0`` if the " +"module is not found, and ``-1`` with an exception set if the initialization " +"failed. To access the imported module on a successful load, use " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`. (Note the misnomer --- this function would" +" reload the module if it was already imported.)" +msgstr "" +"加载名称为 *name* 的已冻结模块。 成功时返回 ``1``，如果未找到模块则返回 ``0``，如果初始化失败则返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" +" 要在加载成功后访问被导入的模块，请使用 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`。 （请注意此名称有误导性 --- " +"如果模块已被导入此函数将重载它。）" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:251 +msgid "The ``__file__`` attribute is no longer set on the module." +msgstr "``__file__`` 属性将不再在模块上设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:257 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject`, but the name is a " +"UTF-8 encoded string instead of a Unicode object." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject`，但其名称为 UTF-8 编码的字符串而不是 " +"Unicode 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:265 +msgid "" +"This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, as " +"generated by the :program:`freeze` utility (see :file:`Tools/freeze/` in the" +" Python source distribution). Its definition, found in " +":file:`Include/import.h`, is::" +msgstr "" +"这是针对已冻结模块描述器的结构类型定义，与由 :program:`freeze` 工具所生成的一致 (请参看 Python 源代码发行版中的 " +":file:`Tools/freeze/`)。 其定义可在 :file:`Include/import.h` 中找到::" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:270 +msgid "" +"struct _frozen {\n" +" const char *name;\n" +" const unsigned char *code;\n" +" int size;\n" +" bool is_package;\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"struct _frozen {\n" +" const char *name;\n" +" const unsigned char *code;\n" +" int size;\n" +" bool is_package;\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:277 +msgid "" +"The new ``is_package`` field indicates whether the module is a package or " +"not. This replaces setting the ``size`` field to a negative value." +msgstr "新的 ``is_package`` 字段指明模块是否为一个包。 这替代了将 ``size`` 设为负值的做法。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:283 +msgid "" +"This pointer is initialized to point to an array of :c:struct:`_frozen` " +"records, terminated by one whose members are all ``NULL`` or zero. When a " +"frozen module is imported, it is searched in this table. Third-party code " +"could play tricks with this to provide a dynamically created collection of " +"frozen modules." +msgstr "" +"该指针被初始化为指向一个 :c:struct:`_frozen` 记录的数组，以一个所有成员均为 ``NULL`` 或零的记录表示结束。 " +"当一个冻结模块被导入时，它将在此表中被搜索。 第三方代码可以利用此方式来提供动态创建的冻结模块集。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Add a single module to the existing table of built-in modules. This is a " +"convenience wrapper around :c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab`, returning " +"``-1`` if the table could not be extended. The new module can be imported " +"by the name *name*, and uses the function *initfunc* as the initialization " +"function called on the first attempted import. This should be called before" +" :c:func:`Py_Initialize`." +msgstr "" +"向现有的内置模块表添加一个模块。 这是对 :c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` 的便捷包装，如果无法扩展表则返回 " +"``-1``。 新的模块可使用名称 *name* 来导入，并使用函数 *initfunc* 作为在第一次尝试导入时调用的初始化函数。 此函数应当在 " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:301 +msgid "" +"Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules. " +"Programs which embed Python may use an array of these structures in " +"conjunction with :c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` to provide additional " +"built-in modules. The structure consists of two members:" +msgstr "" +"描述内置模块列表中一个单独条目的结构体。 嵌入 Python 的程序可以将这些结构体的数组与 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` 结合使用以提供额外的内置模块。 该结构体由两个成员组成:" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:309 +msgid "The module name, as an ASCII encoded string." +msgstr "模块名称，为一个 ASCII 编码的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:313 +msgid "Initialization function for a module built into the interpreter." +msgstr "针对内置于解释器的模块的初始化函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Add a collection of modules to the table of built-in modules. The *newtab* " +"array must end with a sentinel entry which contains ``NULL`` for the " +":c:member:`~_inittab.name` field; failure to provide the sentinel value can " +"result in a memory fault. Returns ``0`` on success or ``-1`` if insufficient" +" memory could be allocated to extend the internal table. In the event of " +"failure, no modules are added to the internal table. This must be called " +"before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`." +msgstr "" +"向内置模块表添加一组模块。 *newtab* 数组必须以一个包含 ``NULL`` 作为 :c:member:`~_inittab.name` " +"字段的哨兵条目结束；未提供哨兵值可能导致内存错误。 成功时返回 ``0`` 或者如果无法分配足够内存来扩展内部表则返回 ``-1``。 " +"当失败时，将不会向内部表添加任何模块。 该函数必须在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:325 +msgid "" +"If Python is initialized multiple times, :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` or" +" :c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` must be called before each Python " +"initialization." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 要被多次初始化，则 :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` 或 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` 必须在每次 Python 初始化之前调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:11 +msgid "package variable" +msgstr "包变量" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:11 +msgid "__all__" +msgstr "__all__" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:11 +msgid "__all__ (package variable)" +msgstr "__all__ (包变量)" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:11 +msgid "modules (in module sys)" +msgstr "modules (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:35 ../../c-api/import.rst:127 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:35 +msgid "__import__" +msgstr "__import__" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:127 +msgid "compile" +msgstr "编译" + +#: ../../c-api/import.rst:263 +msgid "freeze utility" +msgstr "冻结工具" diff --git a/c-api/index.po b/c-api/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21d61f208 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/index.rst:5 +msgid "Python/C API Reference Manual" +msgstr "Python/C API 参考手册" + +#: ../../c-api/index.rst:7 +msgid "" +"This manual documents the API used by C and C++ programmers who want to " +"write extension modules or embed Python. It is a companion to " +":ref:`extending-index`, which describes the general principles of extension " +"writing but does not document the API functions in detail." +msgstr "" +"本手册描述了希望编写扩展模块并将 Python 解释器嵌入其应用程序中的 C 和 C++ 程序员可用的 API。同时可以参阅 " +":ref:`extending-index` ，其中描述了扩展编写的一般原则，但没有详细描述 API 函数。" diff --git a/c-api/init.po b/c-api/init.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ac6de570 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/init.po @@ -0,0 +1,3610 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Edward Ji , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# helloworldSB , 2021 +# Jing Li , 2022 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:8 +msgid "Initialization, Finalization, and Threads" +msgstr "初始化，最终化和线程" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:10 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration ` for details on " +"how to configure the interpreter prior to initialization." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 ` 了解如何在初始化之前配置解释器的详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:16 +msgid "Before Python Initialization" +msgstr "在Python初始化之前" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:18 +msgid "" +"In an application embedding Python, the :c:func:`Py_Initialize` function " +"must be called before using any other Python/C API functions; with the " +"exception of a few functions and the :ref:`global configuration variables " +"`." +msgstr "" +"在一个植入了 Python 的应用程序中，:c:func:`Py_Initialize` 函数必须在任何其他 Python/C API " +"函数之前被调用；例外的只有个别函数和 :ref:`全局配置变量 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:" +msgstr "在初始化Python之前，可以安全地调用以下函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:25 +msgid "Functions that initialize the interpreter:" +msgstr "初始化解释器的函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:27 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_Initialize`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_Initialize`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:28 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_InitializeEx`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeEx`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:29 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:30 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_BytesMain`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_BytesMain`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:31 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_Main`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_Main`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:32 +msgid "the runtime pre-initialization functions covered in :ref:`init-config`" +msgstr "运行时预初始化相关函数在 :ref:`init-config` 中介绍" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:34 +msgid "Configuration functions:" +msgstr "配置函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:36 +msgid ":c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:37 +msgid ":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:38 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyInitFrozenExtensions`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyInitFrozenExtensions`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:39 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:40 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:41 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_SetArenaAllocator`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_SetArenaAllocator`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:42 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_SetProgramName`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_SetProgramName`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:43 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_SetPythonHome`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_SetPythonHome`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:44 +msgid ":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:45 +msgid "the configuration functions covered in :ref:`init-config`" +msgstr "配置相关函数在 :ref:`init-config` 中介绍" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:47 +msgid "Informative functions:" +msgstr "信息函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:49 ../../c-api/init.rst:57 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_IsInitialized`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_IsInitialized`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:50 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_GetAllocator`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_GetAllocator`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:51 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_GetArenaAllocator`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_GetArenaAllocator`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:52 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetBuildInfo`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetBuildInfo`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:53 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetCompiler`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetCompiler`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:54 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetCopyright`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetCopyright`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:55 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPlatform`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetPlatform`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:56 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetVersion`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetVersion`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:59 +msgid "Utilities:" +msgstr "工具" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:61 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:62 +msgid "" +"the status reporting and utility functions covered in :ref:`init-config`" +msgstr "状态报告和工具相关函数在 :ref:`init-config` 中介绍" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:64 +msgid "Memory allocators:" +msgstr "内存分配器：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:66 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:67 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:68 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:69 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:71 +msgid "Synchronization:" +msgstr "同步：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:73 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMutex_Lock`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMutex_Lock`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:74 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMutex_Unlock`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMutex_Unlock`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Despite their apparent similarity to some of the functions listed above, the" +" following functions **should not be called** before the interpreter has " +"been initialized: :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale`, :c:func:`Py_GetPath`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`, :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads`, and " +":c:func:`Py_RunMain`." +msgstr "" +"虽然它们看起来与上面列出的某些函数类似，但以下函数 **不应** 在解释器被初始化之前调用: :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`, :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_RunMain`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:90 +msgid "Global configuration variables" +msgstr "全局配置变量" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Python has variables for the global configuration to control different " +"features and options. By default, these flags are controlled by " +":ref:`command line options `." +msgstr "" +"Python 有负责控制全局配置中不同特性和选项的变量。这些标志默认被 :ref:`命令行选项 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:96 +msgid "" +"When a flag is set by an option, the value of the flag is the number of " +"times that the option was set. For example, ``-b`` sets " +":c:data:`Py_BytesWarningFlag` to 1 and ``-bb`` sets " +":c:data:`Py_BytesWarningFlag` to 2." +msgstr "" +"当一个选项设置一个旗标时，该旗标的值将是设置选项的次数。 例如，``-b`` 会将 :c:data:`Py_BytesWarningFlag` 设为 1" +" 而 ``-bb`` 会将 :c:data:`Py_BytesWarningFlag` 设为 2." + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:102 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Issue a warning when comparing :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray` with " +":class:`str` or :class:`bytes` with :class:`int`. Issue an error if greater" +" or equal to ``2``." +msgstr "" +"当将 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 与 :class:`str` 比较或者将 :class:`bytes` 与" +" :class:`int` 比较时发出警告。 如果大于等于 ``2`` 则报错。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:110 +msgid "Set by the :option:`-b` option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-b` 选项设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:116 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Turn on parser debugging output (for expert only, depending on compilation " +"options)." +msgstr "开启解析器调试输出（限专家使用，依赖于编译选项）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-d` option and the :envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` environment " +"variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-d` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:130 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python" +" Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:134 +msgid "" +"If set to non-zero, Python won't try to write ``.pyc`` files on the import " +"of source modules." +msgstr "如果设置为非零, Python 不会在导入源代码时尝试写入 ``.pyc`` 文件" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-B` option and the :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` " +"environment variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-B` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:144 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` should be used instead, see " +":ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`，参见 " +":ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Suppress error messages when calculating the module search path in " +":c:func:`Py_GetPath`." +msgstr "当在 :c:func:`Py_GetPath` 中计算模块搜索路径时屏蔽错误消息。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:151 +msgid "Private flag used by ``_freeze_module`` and ``frozenmain`` programs." +msgstr "由 ``_freeze_importlib`` 和 ``frozenmain`` 程序使用的私有旗标。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:157 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed` and :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` should" +" be used instead, see :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed`，参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Set to ``1`` if the :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` environment variable is set to " +"a non-empty string." +msgstr "如果 :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` 环境变量被设为非空字符串则设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:165 +msgid "" +"If the flag is non-zero, read the :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` environment " +"variable to initialize the secret hash seed." +msgstr "如果该旗标为非零值，则读取 :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` 环境变量来初始化加密哈希种子。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:172 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` should be used instead, see " +":ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Ignore all :envvar:`!PYTHON*` environment variables, e.g. " +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` and :envvar:`PYTHONHOME`, that might be set." +msgstr "" +"忽略所有 :envvar:`!PYTHON*` 环境变量，例如可能设置的 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 和 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:179 +msgid "Set by the :option:`-E` and :option:`-I` options." +msgstr "由 :option:`-E` 和 :option:`-I` 选项设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:185 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为采用设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`，参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:189 +msgid "" +"When a script is passed as first argument or the :option:`-c` option is " +"used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the command, even" +" when :data:`sys.stdin` does not appear to be a terminal." +msgstr "" +"当将脚本作为第一个参数传入或是使用了 :option:`-c` 选项时，则会在执行该脚本或命令后进入交互模式，即使在 :data:`sys.stdin`" +" 并非一个终端时也是如此。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-i` option and the :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT` environment " +"variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-i` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:200 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为采用设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:204 +msgid "Set by the :option:`-i` option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-i` 选项设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:210 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.isolated` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`，参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Run Python in isolated mode. In isolated mode :data:`sys.path` contains " +"neither the script's directory nor the user's site-packages directory." +msgstr "" +"以隔离模式运行 Python. 在隔离模式下 :data:`sys.path` 将不包含脚本的目录或用户的 site-packages 目录。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:217 +msgid "Set by the :option:`-I` option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-I` 选项设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:225 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` should be used instead, " +"see :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`，参见" +" :ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:229 +msgid "" +"If the flag is non-zero, use the ``mbcs`` encoding with ``replace`` error " +"handler, instead of the UTF-8 encoding with ``surrogatepass`` error handler," +" for the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"如果该旗标为非零值，则使用 ``mbcs`` 编码和``replace`` 错误处理器，而不是 UTF-8 编码和 ``surrogatepass`` " +"错误处理器作用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Set to ``1`` if the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment " +"variable is set to a non-empty string." +msgstr "如果 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量被设为非空字符串则设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:236 +msgid "See :pep:`529` for more details." +msgstr "更多详情请参阅 :pep:`529`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:238 ../../c-api/init.rst:256 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:244 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` should be used instead, see " +":ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`，参见 " +":ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:248 +msgid "" +"If the flag is non-zero, use :class:`io.FileIO` instead of " +":class:`!io._WindowsConsoleIO` for :mod:`sys` standard streams." +msgstr "" +"如果该旗标为非零值，则会使用 :class:`io.FileIO` 而不是 :class:`!io._WindowsConsoleIO` 作为 " +":mod:`sys` 标准流。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Set to ``1`` if the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` environment variable " +"is set to a non-empty string." +msgstr "如果 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` 环境变量被设为非空字符串则设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:254 +msgid "See :pep:`528` for more details." +msgstr "有关更多详细信息，请参阅 :pep:`528`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:262 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.site_import` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Disable the import of the module :mod:`site` and the site-dependent " +"manipulations of :data:`sys.path` that it entails. Also disable these " +"manipulations if :mod:`site` is explicitly imported later (call " +":func:`site.main` if you want them to be triggered)." +msgstr "" +"禁用 :mod:`site` 的导入及其所附带的基于站点对 :data:`sys.path` 的操作。 如果 :mod:`site` " +"会在稍后被显式地导入也会禁用这些操作 (如果你希望触发它们则应调用 :func:`site.main`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:271 +msgid "Set by the :option:`-S` option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-S` 选项设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:277 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory` should be used instead, see " +":ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`，参见 " +":ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Don't add the :data:`user site-packages directory ` to " +":data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"不要将 :data:`用户 site-packages 目录 ` 添加到 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-s` and :option:`-I` options, and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-s` 和 :option:`-I` 选项以及 :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:291 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level` should be used instead, see " +":ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为 :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`，参见 :ref:`Python" +" 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-O` option and the :envvar:`PYTHONOPTIMIZE` environment " +"variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-O` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONOPTIMIZE` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:302 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.quiet` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`，参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Don't display the copyright and version messages even in interactive mode." +msgstr "即使在交互模式下也不显示版权和版本信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:308 +msgid "Set by the :option:`-q` option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-q` 选项设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:316 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python" +" Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:320 +msgid "Force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered." +msgstr "强制 stdout 和 stderr 流不带缓冲。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:322 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-u` option and the :envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED` " +"environment variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-u` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:329 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.verbose` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`，参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:333 +msgid "" +"Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place " +"(filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. If greater or equal " +"to ``2``, print a message for each file that is checked for when searching " +"for a module. Also provides information on module cleanup at exit." +msgstr "" +"每次初始化模块时打印一条消息，显示加载模块的位置（文件名或内置模块）。 如果大于或等于 ``2``，则为搜索模块时检查的每个文件打印一条消息。 " +"此外还会在退出时提供模块清理信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-v` option and the :envvar:`PYTHONVERBOSE` environment " +"variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-v` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONVERBOSE` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:345 +msgid "Initializing and finalizing the interpreter" +msgstr "初始化和最终化解释器" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Initialize the Python interpreter. In an application embedding Python, " +"this should be called before using any other Python/C API functions; see " +":ref:`Before Python Initialization ` for the few exceptions." +msgstr "" +"初始化 Python 解释器。 在嵌入 Python 的应用程序中，它应当在使用任何其他 Python/C API 函数之前被调用；请参阅 " +":ref:`在 Python 初始化之前 ` 了解少数的例外情况。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:364 +msgid "" +"This initializes the table of loaded modules (``sys.modules``), and creates " +"the fundamental modules :mod:`builtins`, :mod:`__main__` and :mod:`sys`. It " +"also initializes the module search path (``sys.path``). It does not set " +"``sys.argv``; use the :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration ` API for that. This is a no-op when called for a second time " +"(without calling :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` first). There is no return value; " +"it is a fatal error if the initialization fails." +msgstr "" +"这将初始化已加载的模块表 (``sys.modules``)，并创建基础模块 :mod:`builtins`, :mod:`__main__` 和 " +":mod:`sys`。 它还会初始化模块搜索路径 (``sys.path``)。 它不会设置 ``sys.argv``；对于此设置请使用 " +":ref:`Python 初始化配置 ` API。 当第二次被调用时（在未先调用 " +":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 的情况下）将不会执行任何操作。 它没有返回值；如果初始化失败则会发生致命错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:372 ../../c-api/init.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Use :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to customize the :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 来自定义 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:376 +msgid "" +"On Windows, changes the console mode from ``O_TEXT`` to ``O_BINARY``, which " +"will also affect non-Python uses of the console using the C Runtime." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，将控制台模式从 ``O_TEXT`` 改为 ``O_BINARY``，这还将影响使用 C 运行时的非 Python " +"的控制台使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:382 +msgid "" +"This function works like :c:func:`Py_Initialize` if *initsigs* is ``1``. If " +"*initsigs* is ``0``, it skips initialization registration of signal " +"handlers, which may be useful when CPython is embedded as part of a larger " +"application." +msgstr "" +"如果 *initsigs* 为 ``1`` 则此函数的工作方式与 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 类似。 如果 *initsigs* 为" +" ``0``，它将跳过信号处理器的初始化注册，这在将 CPython 作为更大应用程序的一部分嵌入时会很有用处。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Initialize Python from *config* configuration, as described in :ref:`init-" +"from-config`." +msgstr "根据 *config* 配置来初始化 Python，如 :ref:`init-from-config` 中所描述的。." + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:395 +msgid "" +"See the :ref:`init-config` section for details on pre-initializing the " +"interpreter, populating the runtime configuration structure, and querying " +"the returned status structure." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`init-config` 一节了解有关预初始化解释器，填充运行时配置结构体，以及查询所返回的状态结构体的详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Return true (nonzero) when the Python interpreter has been initialized, " +"false (zero) if not. After :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` is called, this returns " +"false until :c:func:`Py_Initialize` is called again." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 解释器已初始化，则返回真值（非零）；否则返回假值（零）。 在调用 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` " +"之后，此函数将返回假值直到 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 再次被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Return true (non-zero) if the main Python interpreter is :term:`shutting " +"down `. Return false (zero) otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如果主 Python 解释器 :term:`正在关闭 ` 则返回真（非零）值。 在其他情况下返回假（零）值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:417 +msgid "" +"Undo all initializations made by :c:func:`Py_Initialize` and subsequent use " +"of Python/C API functions, and destroy all sub-interpreters (see " +":c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter` below) that were created and not yet destroyed " +"since the last call to :c:func:`Py_Initialize`. Ideally, this frees all " +"memory allocated by the Python interpreter. This is a no-op when called for" +" a second time (without calling :c:func:`Py_Initialize` again first)." +msgstr "" +"撤销 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 所做的所有初始化和随后对 Python/C API 函数的使用，并销毁自上次调用 " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` 以来创建但尚未销毁的所有子解释器 (见下文 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`)。 " +"在理想情况下，这会释放 Python 解释器分配的所有内存。 当第二次调用时（在没有再次调用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` " +"的情况下），该函数不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:424 +msgid "" +"Since this is the reverse of :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, it should be called in" +" the same thread with the same interpreter active. That means the main " +"thread and the main interpreter. This should never be called while " +":c:func:`Py_RunMain` is running." +msgstr "" +"由于这是 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 的逆向操作，因而它应当在激活同一解释器的同一线程中被调用。 这意味着主线程和主解释器。 当 " +":c:func:`Py_RunMain` 仍然运行时则绝不应调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:429 +msgid "" +"Normally the return value is ``0``. If there were errors during finalization" +" (flushing buffered data), ``-1`` is returned." +msgstr "通常返回值为 ``0``。 如果在最终化（刷新缓冲的数据）期间发生错误，则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:433 +msgid "" +"This function is provided for a number of reasons. An embedding application" +" might want to restart Python without having to restart the application " +"itself. An application that has loaded the Python interpreter from a " +"dynamically loadable library (or DLL) might want to free all memory " +"allocated by Python before unloading the DLL. During a hunt for memory leaks" +" in an application a developer might want to free all memory allocated by " +"Python before exiting from the application." +msgstr "" +"提供此函数的原因有很多。嵌入应用程序可能希望重新启动Python，而不必重新启动应用程序本身。从动态可加载库（或DLL）加载Python解释器的应用程序可能希望在卸载DLL之前释放Python分配的所有内存。在搜索应用程序内存泄漏的过程中，开发人员可能希望在退出应用程序之前释放Python分配的所有内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:441 +msgid "" +"**Bugs and caveats:** The destruction of modules and objects in modules is " +"done in random order; this may cause destructors (:meth:`~object.__del__` " +"methods) to fail when they depend on other objects (even functions) or " +"modules. Dynamically loaded extension modules loaded by Python are not " +"unloaded. Small amounts of memory allocated by the Python interpreter may " +"not be freed (if you find a leak, please report it). Memory tied up in " +"circular references between objects is not freed. Some memory allocated by " +"extension modules may not be freed. Some extensions may not work properly " +"if their initialization routine is called more than once; this can happen if" +" an application calls :c:func:`Py_Initialize` and :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` " +"more than once." +msgstr "" +"**程序问题和注意事项:** 模块和模块中对象的销毁是按随机顺序进行的；这可能导致依赖于其他对象（甚至函数）或模块的析构器（即 " +":meth:`~object.__del__` 方法）出错。 Python 所加载的动态加载扩展模块不会被卸载。 Python " +"解释器所分配的少量内存可能不会被释放（如果发现内存泄漏，请报告问题）。 对象间循环引用所占用的内存不会被释放。 扩展模块所分配的某些内存可能不会被释放。" +" 如果某些扩展的初始化例程被调用多次它们可能无法正常工作；如果应用程序多次调用了 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 就可能发生这种情况。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:452 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``cpython._PySys_ClearAuditHooks`` with no arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython._PySys_ClearAuditHooks``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:459 +msgid "" +"This is a backwards-compatible version of :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` that " +"disregards the return value." +msgstr "这是一个不考虑返回值的 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 的向下兼容版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:465 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`Py_Main` but *argv* is an array of bytes strings, " +"allowing the calling application to delegate the text decoding step to the " +"CPython runtime." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`Py_Main` 但 *argv* 是一个字节串数组，允许调用方应用程序将文本编码步骤委托给 CPython 运行时。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:474 +msgid "" +"The main program for the standard interpreter, encapsulating a full " +"initialization/finalization cycle, as well as additional behaviour to " +"implement reading configurations settings from the environment and command " +"line, and then executing ``__main__`` in accordance with :ref:`using-on-" +"cmdline`." +msgstr "" +"标准解释器的主程序，封装了完整的初始化/最终化循环，以及一些附加行为以实现从环境和命令行读取配置设置，然后按照 :ref:`using-on-" +"cmdline` 的规则执行 ``__main__``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:480 +msgid "" +"This is made available for programs which wish to support the full CPython " +"command line interface, rather than just embedding a Python runtime in a " +"larger application." +msgstr "这适用于希望支持完整 CPython 命令行界面的程序，而不仅是在更大应用程序中嵌入 Python 运行时。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:484 +msgid "" +"The *argc* and *argv* parameters are similar to those which are passed to a " +"C program's :c:func:`main` function, except that the *argv* entries are " +"first converted to ``wchar_t`` using :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`. It is also " +"important to note that the argument list entries may be modified to point to" +" strings other than those passed in (however, the contents of the strings " +"pointed to by the argument list are not modified)." +msgstr "" +"*argc* 和 *argv* 形参与传给 C 程序的 :c:func:`main` 函数的形参类似，不同之处在于 *argv* 的条目会先使用 " +":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 转换为 ``wchar_t``。 " +"还有一个重要的注意事项是参数列表条目可能会被修改为指向并非被传入的字符串（不过，参数列表所指向的字符串内容不会被修改）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:491 +msgid "" +"The return value will be ``0`` if the interpreter exits normally (i.e., " +"without an exception), ``1`` if the interpreter exits due to an exception, " +"or ``2`` if the argument list does not represent a valid Python command " +"line." +msgstr "" +"如果解释器正常退出（即未引发异常）则返回值将为 ``0``，如果解释器因异常而退出则返回 ``1``，或者如果参数列表不是合法的 Python " +"命令行则返回 ``2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Note that if an otherwise unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` is raised, this " +"function will not return ``1``, but exit the process, as long as " +"``Py_InspectFlag`` is not set. If ``Py_InspectFlag`` is set, execution will " +"drop into the interactive Python prompt, at which point a second otherwise " +"unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` will still exit the process, while any other " +"means of exiting will set the return value as described above." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果引发了未在其他地方被处理的 :exc:`SystemExit`，则此函数将不返回 ``1``，但会退出进程，如果 " +"``Py_InspectFlag`` 未被设置的话。 如果设置了 ``Py_InspectFlag``，执行将退至交互式 Python " +"提示符，若在此时又有未在其他地方被处理的 :exc:`SystemExit` 则仍将退出进程，而任何其他退出方式都将按如上文所述的方式设置返回值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:503 +msgid "" +"In terms of the CPython runtime configuration APIs documented in the " +":ref:`runtime configuration ` section (and without accounting " +"for error handling), ``Py_Main`` is approximately equivalent to::" +msgstr "" +"在记录于 :ref:`运行时配置 ` 一节的 CPython 运行时配置 API " +"文档中（不考虑错误处理），``Py_Main`` 大致相当于::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:507 +msgid "" +"PyConfig config;\n" +"PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"PyConfig_SetArgv(&config, argc, argv);\n" +"Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +"PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +"Py_RunMain();" +msgstr "" +"PyConfig config;\n" +"PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"PyConfig_SetArgv(&config, argc, argv);\n" +"Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +"PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +"Py_RunMain();" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:515 +msgid "" +"In normal usage, an embedding application will call this function *instead* " +"of calling :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, :c:func:`Py_InitializeEx` or " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` directly, and all settings will be applied" +" as described elsewhere in this documentation. If this function is instead " +"called *after* a preceding runtime initialization API call, then exactly " +"which environmental and command line configuration settings will be updated " +"is version dependent (as it depends on which settings correctly support " +"being modified after they have already been set once when the runtime was " +"first initialized)." +msgstr "" +"在正常使用中，嵌入式应用程序将调用此函数 *而不是* 直接调用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeEx` 或 " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`，并且所有设置都将如本文档的其他部分所描述的那样被应用。 " +"如果此函数改在某个先前的运行时初始化 API 调用 *之后* " +"被调用，那么到底那个环境和命令行配置会被更新将取决于具体的版本（因为它要依赖当运行时被初始化时究竟有哪些设置在它们已被设置一次之后是正确地支持被修改的）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:528 +msgid "Executes the main module in a fully configured CPython runtime." +msgstr "在完整配置的 CPython 运行时中执行主模块。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Executes the command (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_command`), the script " +"(:c:member:`PyConfig.run_filename`) or the module " +"(:c:member:`PyConfig.run_module`) specified on the command line or in the " +"configuration. If none of these values are set, runs the interactive Python " +"prompt (REPL) using the ``__main__`` module's global namespace." +msgstr "" +"执行在命令行或配置中指定的命令 (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_command`)、脚本 " +"(:c:member:`PyConfig.run_filename`) 或模块 (:c:member:`PyConfig.run_module`)。 " +"如果这些值均未设置，则使用 ``__main__`` 模块的全局命令空间来运行交互式 Python 提示符 (REPL)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:536 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` is not set (the default), the return value " +"will be ``0`` if the interpreter exits normally (that is, without raising an" +" exception), or ``1`` if the interpreter exits due to an exception. If an " +"otherwise unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` is raised, the function will " +"immediately exit the process instead of returning ``1``." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` 未被设置（默认），则当解释器正常退出（即未引发异常）时返回值将为 " +"``0``，或者如果解释器因异常而退出则返回 ``1``。 如果引发了未在其他地方被处理的 " +":exc:`SystemExit`，此函数将立即退出进程而不会返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:542 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` is set (such as when the :option:`-i` option" +" is used), rather than returning when the interpreter exits, execution will " +"instead resume in an interactive Python prompt (REPL) using the ``__main__``" +" module's global namespace. If the interpreter exited with an exception, it " +"is immediately raised in the REPL session. The function return value is then" +" determined by the way the *REPL session* terminates: returning ``0`` if the" +" session terminates without raising an unhandled exception, exiting " +"immediately for an unhandled :exc:`SystemExit`, and returning ``1`` for any " +"other unhandled exception." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` 已被设置（例如当使用了 :option:`-i` " +"选项时），则当解释器退出时，执行并不会返回而是会使用 ``__main__`` 模块的全局命名空间在交互式 Python 提示符 (REPL) 中继续。" +" 如果解释器因异常而退出，该异常将在 REPL 会话中被立即引发。 之后此函数的返回值将由 *REPL 会话* " +"的终结方式来决定：如果会话没有引发未处理的异常即终结则返回 ``0``，引发了未处理的 :exc:`SystemExit` " +"则立即退出，而对于任何其他未处理异常则返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:552 +msgid "" +"This function always finalizes the Python interpreter regardless of whether " +"it returns a value or immediately exits the process due to an unhandled " +":exc:`SystemExit` exception." +msgstr "此函数总是会最终化 Python 解释器而不考虑它是返回一个值还是由于有未处理的 :exc:`SystemExit` 异常而立即退出进程。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:556 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`Python Configuration ` for an example of a " +"customized Python that always runs in isolated mode using " +":c:func:`Py_RunMain`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :ref:`Python 配置 ` 查看一个使用 :c:func:`Py_RunMain` " +"在隔离模式下始终运行定制的 Python 的示例。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Register an :mod:`atexit` callback for the target interpreter *interp*. This" +" is similar to :c:func:`Py_AtExit`, but takes an explicit interpreter and " +"data pointer for the callback." +msgstr "" +"为目标解释器 *interp* 注册一个 :mod:`atexit` 回调。 这与 :c:func:`Py_AtExit` " +"类似，但它接受一个显式的解释器和用于回调的数据指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:566 +msgid "The :term:`GIL` must be held for *interp*." +msgstr "必须为 *interp* 持有 :term:`GIL`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:571 +msgid "Process-wide parameters" +msgstr "进程级参数" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:581 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`，参见 :ref:`Python " +"初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:585 +msgid "" +"This function should be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize` is called for " +"the first time, if it is called at all. It tells the interpreter the value " +"of the ``argv[0]`` argument to the :c:func:`main` function of the program " +"(converted to wide characters). This is used by :c:func:`Py_GetPath` and " +"some other functions below to find the Python run-time libraries relative to" +" the interpreter executable. The default value is ``'python'``. The " +"argument should point to a zero-terminated wide character string in static " +"storage whose contents will not change for the duration of the program's " +"execution. No code in the Python interpreter will change the contents of " +"this storage." +msgstr "" +"如果要调用该函数，应当在首次调用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前调用它。 它将告诉解释器程序的 :c:func:`main` " +"函数的 ``argv[0]`` 参数的值（转换为宽字符）。 :c:func:`Py_GetPath` " +"和下面的某些其他函数会使用它在相对于解释器的位置上查找可执行文件的 Python 运行时库。 默认值是 ``'python'``。 " +"参数应当指向静态存储中的一个以零值结束的宽字符串，其内容在程序执行期间不会发生改变。 Python 解释器中的任何代码都不会改变该存储的内容。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:596 ../../c-api/init.rst:838 ../../c-api/init.rst:874 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:900 +msgid "" +"Use :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` to decode a bytes string to get a " +":c:expr:`wchar_t*` string." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 解码字节串以得到一个 :c:expr:`wchar_t*` 字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:604 +msgid "" +"Return the program name set with :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`, or the " +"default. The returned string points into static storage; the caller should " +"not modify its value." +msgstr "" +"返回用 :c:func:`Py_SetProgramName` 设置的程序名称，或默认的名称。 返回的字符串指向静态存储；调用者不应修改其值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:608 ../../c-api/init.rst:630 ../../c-api/init.rst:676 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:698 ../../c-api/init.rst:724 ../../c-api/init.rst:912 +msgid "" +"This function should not be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, otherwise" +" it returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "此函数不应在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前被调用，否则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:611 ../../c-api/init.rst:633 ../../c-api/init.rst:679 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:701 ../../c-api/init.rst:729 ../../c-api/init.rst:915 +msgid "It now returns ``NULL`` if called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`." +msgstr "现在如果它在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前被调用将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:614 ../../c-api/init.rst:704 +msgid "Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr "改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:620 +msgid "" +"Return the *prefix* for installed platform-independent files. This is " +"derived through a number of complicated rules from the program name set with" +" :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` and some environment variables; for " +"example, if the program name is ``'/usr/local/bin/python'``, the prefix is " +"``'/usr/local'``. The returned string points into static storage; the caller" +" should not modify its value. This corresponds to the :makevar:`prefix` " +"variable in the top-level :file:`Makefile` and the :option:`--prefix` " +"argument to the :program:`configure` script at build time. The value is " +"available to Python code as ``sys.base_prefix``. It is only useful on Unix." +" See also the next function." +msgstr "" +"返回针对已安装的独立于平台文件的 *prefix*。 这是通过基于使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` " +"设置的程序名称和某些环境变量所派生的一系列复杂规则来获取的；举例来说，如果程序名称为 ``'/usr/local/bin/python'``，则 " +"prefix 为 ``'/usr/local'``。 返回的字符串将指向静态存储；调用方不应修改其值。 这对应于最高层级 " +":file:`Makefile` 中的 :makevar:`prefix` 变量以及在编译时传给 :program:`configure` 脚本的 " +":option:`--prefix` 参数。 该值将作为 ``sys.base_prefix`` 供 Python 代码使用。 它仅适用于 Unix。 " +"另请参见下一个函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:636 +msgid "" +"Get :data:`sys.base_prefix` instead, or :data:`sys.prefix` if :ref:`virtual " +"environments ` need to be handled." +msgstr "" +"改为获取 :data:`sys.base_prefix`，或者如果需要处理 :ref:`虚拟环境 ` 则为获取 " +":data:`sys.prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:643 +msgid "" +"Return the *exec-prefix* for installed platform-*dependent* files. This is " +"derived through a number of complicated rules from the program name set with" +" :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` and some environment variables; for " +"example, if the program name is ``'/usr/local/bin/python'``, the exec-prefix" +" is ``'/usr/local'``. The returned string points into static storage; the " +"caller should not modify its value. This corresponds to the " +":makevar:`exec_prefix` variable in the top-level :file:`Makefile` and the " +"``--exec-prefix`` argument to the :program:`configure` script at build " +"time. The value is available to Python code as ``sys.base_exec_prefix``. " +"It is only useful on Unix." +msgstr "" +"返回针对已安装的 *依赖于* 平台文件的 *exec-prefix*。 这是通过基于使用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` 设置的程序名称和某些环境变量所派生的一系列复杂规则来获取的；举例来说，如果程序名称为" +" ``'/usr/local/bin/python'``，则 exec-prefix 为 ``'/usr/local'``。 " +"返回的字符串将指向静态存储；调用方不应修改其值。 这对应于最高层级 :file:`Makefile` 中的 :makevar:`exec_prefix`" +" 变量以及在编译时传给 :program:`configure` 脚本的 ``--exec-prefix`` 参数。 该值将作为 " +"``sys.base_exec_prefix`` 供 Python 代码使用。 它仅适用于 Unix。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:654 +msgid "" +"Background: The exec-prefix differs from the prefix when platform dependent " +"files (such as executables and shared libraries) are installed in a " +"different directory tree. In a typical installation, platform dependent " +"files may be installed in the :file:`/usr/local/plat` subtree while platform" +" independent may be installed in :file:`/usr/local`." +msgstr "" +"背景：当依赖于平台的文件（如可执行文件和共享库）是安装于不同的目录树中的时候 exec-prefix 将会不同于 prefix。 " +"在典型的安装中，依赖于平台的文件可能安装于 the :file:`/usr/local/plat` 子目录树而独立于平台的文件可能安装于 " +":file:`/usr/local`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:660 +msgid "" +"Generally speaking, a platform is a combination of hardware and software " +"families, e.g. Sparc machines running the Solaris 2.x operating system are " +"considered the same platform, but Intel machines running Solaris 2.x are " +"another platform, and Intel machines running Linux are yet another platform." +" Different major revisions of the same operating system generally also form" +" different platforms. Non-Unix operating systems are a different story; the" +" installation strategies on those systems are so different that the prefix " +"and exec-prefix are meaningless, and set to the empty string. Note that " +"compiled Python bytecode files are platform independent (but not independent" +" from the Python version by which they were compiled!)." +msgstr "" +"总而言之，平台是一组硬件和软件资源的组合，例如所有运行 Solaris 2.x 操作系统的 Sparc 机器会被视为相同平台，但运行 Solaris " +"2.x 的 Intel 机器是另一种平台，而运行 Linux 的 Intel 机器又是另一种平台。 相同操作系统的不同主要发布版通常也会构成不同的平台。" +" 非 Unix 操作系统的情况又有所不同；这类系统上的安装策略差别巨大因此 prefix 和 exec-prefix 是没有意义的，并将被设为空字符串。" +" 请注意已编译的 Python 字节码是独立于平台的（但并不独立于它们编译时所使用的 Python 版本！）" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:671 +msgid "" +"System administrators will know how to configure the :program:`mount` or " +":program:`automount` programs to share :file:`/usr/local` between platforms " +"while having :file:`/usr/local/plat` be a different filesystem for each " +"platform." +msgstr "" +"系统管理员知道如何配置 :program:`mount` 或 :program:`automount` 程序以在平台间共享 " +":file:`/usr/local` 而让 :file:`/usr/local/plat` 成为针对不同平台的不同文件系统。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:682 +msgid "" +"Get :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` instead, or :data:`sys.exec_prefix` if " +":ref:`virtual environments ` need to be handled." +msgstr "" +"改为获取 :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix`，或者如果需要处理 :ref:`虚拟环境 ` 则为获取 " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:692 +msgid "" +"Return the full program name of the Python executable; this is computed as " +"a side-effect of deriving the default module search path from the program " +"name (set by :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`). The returned string points " +"into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. The value is " +"available to Python code as ``sys.executable``." +msgstr "" +"返回 Python 可执行文件的完整程序名称；这是作为基于程序名称（由 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` " +"设置）派生默认模块搜索路径的附带影响计算得出的。 返回的字符串将指向静态存储；调用方不应修改其值。 该值将以 ``sys.executable`` " +"的名称供 Python 代码访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Return the default module search path; this is computed from the program " +"name (set by :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`) and some environment " +"variables. The returned string consists of a series of directory names " +"separated by a platform dependent delimiter character. The delimiter " +"character is ``':'`` on Unix and macOS, ``';'`` on Windows. The returned " +"string points into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. " +"The list :data:`sys.path` is initialized with this value on interpreter " +"startup; it can be (and usually is) modified later to change the search path" +" for loading modules." +msgstr "" +"返回默认模块搜索路径；这是基于程序名称（由 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` 设置）和某些环境变量计算得出的。 " +"返回的字符串由一系列以依赖于平台的分隔符分开的目录名称组成。 此分隔符在 Unix 和 macOS 上为 ``':'``，在 Windows 上为 " +"``';'``。 返回的字符串将指向静态存储；调用方不应修改其值。 列表 :data:`sys.path` " +"将在解释器启动时使用该值来初始化；它可以在随后被修改（并且通常都会被修改）以变更用于加载模块的搜索路径。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:732 +msgid "Get :data:`sys.path` instead." +msgstr "改为获取 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:738 +msgid "" +"Return the version of this Python interpreter. This is a string that looks " +"something like ::" +msgstr "返回 Python 解释器的版本。 这将为如下形式的字符串 ::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:741 +msgid "\"3.0a5+ (py3k:63103M, May 12 2008, 00:53:55) \\n[GCC 4.2.3]\"" +msgstr "\"3.0a5+ (py3k:63103M, May 12 2008, 00:53:55) \\n[GCC 4.2.3]\"" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:745 +msgid "" +"The first word (up to the first space character) is the current Python " +"version; the first characters are the major and minor version separated by a" +" period. The returned string points into static storage; the caller should " +"not modify its value. The value is available to Python code as " +":data:`sys.version`." +msgstr "" +"第一个单词（到第一个空格符为止）是当前的 Python 版本；前面的字符是以点号分隔的主要和次要版本号。 " +"返回的字符串将指向静态存储；调用方不应修改其值。 该值将以 :data:`sys.version` 的名称供 Python 代码使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:750 +msgid "See also the :c:var:`Py_Version` constant." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:var:`Py_Version` 常量。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Return the platform identifier for the current platform. On Unix, this is " +"formed from the \"official\" name of the operating system, converted to " +"lower case, followed by the major revision number; e.g., for Solaris 2.x, " +"which is also known as SunOS 5.x, the value is ``'sunos5'``. On macOS, it " +"is ``'darwin'``. On Windows, it is ``'win'``. The returned string points " +"into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. The value is " +"available to Python code as ``sys.platform``." +msgstr "" +"返回当前平台的平台标识符。 在 Unix 上，这将以操作系统的“官方”名称为基础，转换为小写形式，再加上主版本号；例如，对于 Solaris " +"2.x，或称 SunOS 5.x，该值将为 ``'sunos5'``。 在 macOS 上，它将为 ``'darwin'``。 在 Windows " +"上它将为 ``'win'``。 返回的字符串指向静态存储；调用方不应修改其值。 Python 代码可通过 ``sys.platform`` 获取该值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Return the official copyright string for the current Python version, for " +"example" +msgstr "返回当前 Python 版本的官方版权字符串，例如" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:770 +msgid "``'Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam'``" +msgstr "``'Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam'``" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:774 +msgid "" +"The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify" +" its value. The value is available to Python code as ``sys.copyright``." +msgstr "返回的字符串指向静态存储；调用者不应修改其值。 Python 代码可通过 ``sys.copyright`` 获取该值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:780 +msgid "" +"Return an indication of the compiler used to build the current Python " +"version, in square brackets, for example::" +msgstr "返回用于编译当前 Python 版本的编译器指令，为带方括号的形式，例如::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:783 +msgid "\"[GCC 2.7.2.2]\"" +msgstr "\"[GCC 2.7.2.2]\"" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:787 ../../c-api/init.rst:801 +msgid "" +"The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify" +" its value. The value is available to Python code as part of the variable " +"``sys.version``." +msgstr "返回的字符串指向静态存储；调用者不应修改其值。 Python 代码可以从变量 ``sys.version`` 中获取该值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Return information about the sequence number and build date and time of the" +" current Python interpreter instance, for example ::" +msgstr "返回有关当前Python解释器实例的序列号和构建日期和时间的信息，例如：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:797 +msgid "\"#67, Aug 1 1997, 22:34:28\"" +msgstr "\"#67, Aug 1 1997, 22:34:28\"" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:813 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` and " +":c:member:`PyConfig.safe_path` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` 和 :c:member:`PyConfig.safe_path`，参见 " +":ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:818 +msgid "" +"Set :data:`sys.argv` based on *argc* and *argv*. These parameters are " +"similar to those passed to the program's :c:func:`main` function with the " +"difference that the first entry should refer to the script file to be " +"executed rather than the executable hosting the Python interpreter. If " +"there isn't a script that will be run, the first entry in *argv* can be an " +"empty string. If this function fails to initialize :data:`sys.argv`, a " +"fatal condition is signalled using :c:func:`Py_FatalError`." +msgstr "" +"根据 *argc* 和 *argv* 设置 :data:`sys.argv`。 这些形参与传给程序的 :c:func:`main` " +"函数的类似，区别在于第一项应当指向要执行的脚本文件而不是 Python 解释器对应的可执行文件。 如果没有要运行的脚本，则 *argv* " +"中的第一项可以为空字符串。 如果此函数无法初始化 :data:`sys.argv`，则将使用 :c:func:`Py_FatalError` " +"发出严重情况信号。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:826 +msgid "" +"If *updatepath* is zero, this is all the function does. If *updatepath* is " +"non-zero, the function also modifies :data:`sys.path` according to the " +"following algorithm:" +msgstr "" +"如果 *updatepath* 为零，此函数将完成操作。 如果 *updatepath* 为非零值，则此函数还将根据以下算法修改 " +":data:`sys.path`:" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:830 +msgid "" +"If the name of an existing script is passed in ``argv[0]``, the absolute " +"path of the directory where the script is located is prepended to " +":data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "如果在 ``argv[0]`` 中传入一个现有脚本，则脚本所在目录的绝对路径将被添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的开头。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:833 +msgid "" +"Otherwise (that is, if *argc* is ``0`` or ``argv[0]`` doesn't point to an " +"existing file name), an empty string is prepended to :data:`sys.path`, which" +" is the same as prepending the current working directory (``\".\"``)." +msgstr "" +"在其他情况下 (也就是说，如果 *argc* 为 ``0`` 或 ``argv[0]`` 未指向现有文件名)，则将在 :data:`sys.path` " +"的开头添加一个空字符串，这等价于添加当前工作目录 (``\".\"``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:841 ../../c-api/init.rst:877 +msgid "" +"See also :c:member:`PyConfig.orig_argv` and :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` " +"members of the :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 ` 的 :c:member:`PyConfig.orig_argv` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv` 成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:845 +msgid "" +"It is recommended that applications embedding the Python interpreter for " +"purposes other than executing a single script pass ``0`` as *updatepath*, " +"and update :data:`sys.path` themselves if desired. See :cve:`2008-5983`." +msgstr "" +"建议在出于执行单个脚本以外的目的嵌入 Python 解释器的应用传入 ``0`` 作为 *updatepath*，并在需要时更新 " +":data:`sys.path` 本身。 参见 :cve:`2008-5983`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:850 +msgid "" +"On versions before 3.1.3, you can achieve the same effect by manually " +"popping the first :data:`sys.path` element after having called " +":c:func:`PySys_SetArgv`, for example using::" +msgstr "" +"在 3.1.3 之前的版本中，你可以通过在调用 :c:func:`PySys_SetArgv` 之后手动弹出第一个 :data:`sys.path` " +"元素，例如使用::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:854 +msgid "PyRun_SimpleString(\"import sys; sys.path.pop(0)\\n\");" +msgstr "PyRun_SimpleString(\"import sys; sys.path.pop(0)\\n\");" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:866 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv` and :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` should be used" +" instead, see :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` 并改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv`，参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:870 +msgid "" +"This function works like :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` with *updatepath* set to " +"``1`` unless the :program:`python` interpreter was started with the " +":option:`-I`." +msgstr "" +"此函数相当于 :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` 设置了 *updatepath* 为 ``1`` 除非 " +":program:`python` 解释器启动时附带了 :option:`-I`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:880 +msgid "The *updatepath* value depends on :option:`-I`." +msgstr "*updatepath* 值依赖于 :option:`-I`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:887 +msgid "" +"This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.home` should be used instead, see :ref:`Python " +"Initialization Configuration `." +msgstr "" +"此 API 被保留用于向下兼容：应当改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.home`，参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:891 +msgid "" +"Set the default \"home\" directory, that is, the location of the standard " +"Python libraries. See :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` for the meaning of the argument " +"string." +msgstr "" +"设置默认的 \"home\" 目录，也就是标准 Python 库所在的位置。 请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 了解该参数字符串的含义。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:895 +msgid "" +"The argument should point to a zero-terminated character string in static " +"storage whose contents will not change for the duration of the program's " +"execution. No code in the Python interpreter will change the contents of " +"this storage." +msgstr "此参数应当指向静态存储中一个以零值结束的字符串，其内容在程序执行期间将保持不变。 Python 解释器中的代码绝不会修改此存储中的内容。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:908 +msgid "" +"Return the default \"home\", that is, the value set by " +":c:member:`PyConfig.home`, or the value of the :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` " +"environment variable if it is set." +msgstr "" +"返回默认的 \"home\"，就是由 :c:member:`PyConfig.home` 所设置的值，或者在设置了 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量的情况下则为该变量的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:918 +msgid "" +"Get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable " +"instead." +msgstr "改为获取 :c:member:`PyConfig.home` 或 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:926 +msgid "Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock" +msgstr "线程状态和全局解释器锁" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:933 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter is not fully thread-safe. In order to support multi-" +"threaded Python programs, there's a global lock, called the :term:`global " +"interpreter lock` or :term:`GIL`, that must be held by the current thread " +"before it can safely access Python objects. Without the lock, even the " +"simplest operations could cause problems in a multi-threaded program: for " +"example, when two threads simultaneously increment the reference count of " +"the same object, the reference count could end up being incremented only " +"once instead of twice." +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器不是完全线程安全的。 为了支持多线程的 Python 程序，设置了一个全局锁，称为 :term:`global " +"interpreter lock` 或 :term:`GIL`，当前线程必须在持有它之后才能安全地访问 Python 对象。 " +"如果没有这个锁，即使最简单的操作也可能在多线程的程序中导致问题：例如，当两个线程同时增加相同对象的引用计数时，引用计数可能最终只增加了一次而不是两次。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:943 +msgid "" +"Therefore, the rule exists that only the thread that has acquired the " +":term:`GIL` may operate on Python objects or call Python/C API functions. In" +" order to emulate concurrency of execution, the interpreter regularly tries " +"to switch threads (see :func:`sys.setswitchinterval`). The lock is also " +"released around potentially blocking I/O operations like reading or writing " +"a file, so that other Python threads can run in the meantime." +msgstr "" +"因此，规则要求只有获得 :term:`GIL` 的线程才能在 Python对象上执行操作或调用 Python/C API 函数。 " +"为了模拟并发执行，解释器会定期尝试切换线程 (参见 :func:`sys.setswitchinterval`)。 锁也会在读写文件等可能造成阻塞的 " +"I/O 操作时释放，以便其他 Python 线程可以同时运行。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:953 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter keeps some thread-specific bookkeeping information " +"inside a data structure called :c:type:`PyThreadState`. There's also one " +"global variable pointing to the current :c:type:`PyThreadState`: it can be " +"retrieved using :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get`." +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器会在一个名为 :c:type:`PyThreadState` 的数据结构体中保存一些线程专属的记录信息。 还有一个全局变量指向当前的" +" :c:type:`PyThreadState`: 它可以使用 :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get` 来获取。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:959 +msgid "Releasing the GIL from extension code" +msgstr "从扩展扩展代码中释放 GIL" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:961 +msgid "" +"Most extension code manipulating the :term:`GIL` has the following simple " +"structure::" +msgstr "大多数操作 :term:`GIL` 的扩展代码具有以下简单结构：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Save the thread state in a local variable.\n" +"Release the global interpreter lock.\n" +"... Do some blocking I/O operation ...\n" +"Reacquire the global interpreter lock.\n" +"Restore the thread state from the local variable." +msgstr "" +"将线程状态保存到一个局部变量中。\n" +"释放全局解释器锁。\n" +"... 执行某些阻塞式的 I/O 操作 ...\n" +"重新获取全局解释器锁。\n" +"从局部变量中恢复线程状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:970 +msgid "This is so common that a pair of macros exists to simplify it::" +msgstr "这是如此常用因此增加了一对宏来简化它::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:972 +msgid "" +"Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS\n" +"... Do some blocking I/O operation ...\n" +"Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS" +msgstr "" +"Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS\n" +"... 执行某些阻塞式的 I/O 操作 ...\n" +"Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:980 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` macro opens a new block and declares a" +" hidden local variable; the :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` macro closes the" +" block." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` " +"宏将打开一个新块并声明一个隐藏的局部变量；:c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` 宏将关闭这个块。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:984 +msgid "The block above expands to the following code::" +msgstr "上面的代码块可扩展为下面的代码::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:986 +msgid "" +"PyThreadState *_save;\n" +"\n" +"_save = PyEval_SaveThread();\n" +"... Do some blocking I/O operation ...\n" +"PyEval_RestoreThread(_save);" +msgstr "" +"PyThreadState *_save;\n" +"\n" +"_save = PyEval_SaveThread();\n" +"... 执行某些阻塞式的 I/O 操作 ...\n" +"PyEval_RestoreThread(_save);" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:996 +msgid "" +"Here is how these functions work: the global interpreter lock is used to " +"protect the pointer to the current thread state. When releasing the lock " +"and saving the thread state, the current thread state pointer must be " +"retrieved before the lock is released (since another thread could " +"immediately acquire the lock and store its own thread state in the global " +"variable). Conversely, when acquiring the lock and restoring the thread " +"state, the lock must be acquired before storing the thread state pointer." +msgstr "" +"这些函数的工作原理如下：全局解释器锁被用来保护指向当前线程状态的指针。 当释放锁并保存线程状态时，必须在锁被释放之前获取当前线程状态指针 " +"（因为另一个线程可以立即获取锁并将自己的线程状态存储到全局变量中）。 相应地，当获取锁并恢复线程状态时，必须在存储线程状态指针之前先获取锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"Calling system I/O functions is the most common use case for releasing the " +"GIL, but it can also be useful before calling long-running computations " +"which don't need access to Python objects, such as compression or " +"cryptographic functions operating over memory buffers. For example, the " +"standard :mod:`zlib` and :mod:`hashlib` modules release the GIL when " +"compressing or hashing data." +msgstr "" +"调用系统 I/O 函数是释放 GIL 的最常见用例，但它在调用不需要访问 Python " +"对象的长期运行计算，比如针对内存缓冲区进行操作的压缩或加密函数之前也很有用。 举例来说，在对数据执行压缩或哈希操作时标准 :mod:`zlib` 和 " +":mod:`hashlib` 模块就会释放 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1016 +msgid "Non-Python created threads" +msgstr "非Python创建的线程" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1018 +msgid "" +"When threads are created using the dedicated Python APIs (such as the " +":mod:`threading` module), a thread state is automatically associated to them" +" and the code showed above is therefore correct. However, when threads are " +"created from C (for example by a third-party library with its own thread " +"management), they don't hold the GIL, nor is there a thread state structure " +"for them." +msgstr "" +"当使用专门的 Python API（如 :mod:`threading` 模块）创建线程时，会自动关联一个线程状态因而上面显示的代码是正确的。 " +"但是，如果线程是用 C 创建的（例如由具有自己的线程管理的第三方库创建），它们就不持有 GIL 也没有对应的线程状态结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"If you need to call Python code from these threads (often this will be part " +"of a callback API provided by the aforementioned third-party library), you " +"must first register these threads with the interpreter by creating a thread " +"state data structure, then acquiring the GIL, and finally storing their " +"thread state pointer, before you can start using the Python/C API. When you" +" are done, you should reset the thread state pointer, release the GIL, and " +"finally free the thread state data structure." +msgstr "" +"如果你需要从这些线程调用 Python 代码（这通常会是上述第三方库所提供的回调 API " +"的一部分），你必须首先通过创建线程状态数据结构体向解释器注册这些线程，然后获取 GIL，最后存储它们的线程状态指针，这样你才能开始使用 Python/C" +" API。 完成以上步骤后，你应当重置线程状态指针，释放 GIL，最后释放线程状态数据结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release` functions " +"do all of the above automatically. The typical idiom for calling into " +"Python from a C thread is::" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 和 :c:func:`PyGILState_Release` 函数会自动完成上述的所有操作。 从" +" C 线程调用到 Python 的典型方式如下::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"PyGILState_STATE gstate;\n" +"gstate = PyGILState_Ensure();\n" +"\n" +"/* Perform Python actions here. */\n" +"result = CallSomeFunction();\n" +"/* evaluate result or handle exception */\n" +"\n" +"/* Release the thread. No Python API allowed beyond this point. */\n" +"PyGILState_Release(gstate);" +msgstr "" +"PyGILState_STATE gstate;\n" +"gstate = PyGILState_Ensure();\n" +"\n" +"/* 在此执行 Python 动作。 */\n" +"result = CallSomeFunction();\n" +"/* 评估结果或处理异常 */\n" +"\n" +"/* 释放线程。 在此之后不再允许 Python API。 */\n" +"PyGILState_Release(gstate);" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"Note that the ``PyGILState_*`` functions assume there is only one global " +"interpreter (created automatically by :c:func:`Py_Initialize`). Python " +"supports the creation of additional interpreters (using " +":c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`), but mixing multiple interpreters and the " +"``PyGILState_*`` API is unsupported." +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``PyGILState_*`` 函数会假定只有一个全局解释器（由 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 自动创建）。 Python " +"支持创建额外的解释器（使用 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter` 创建），但不支持混合使用多个解释器和 " +"``PyGILState_*`` API。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1057 +msgid "Cautions about fork()" +msgstr "有关 fork() 的注意事项" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"Another important thing to note about threads is their behaviour in the face" +" of the C :c:func:`fork` call. On most systems with :c:func:`fork`, after a " +"process forks only the thread that issued the fork will exist. This has a " +"concrete impact both on how locks must be handled and on all stored state in" +" CPython's runtime." +msgstr "" +"有关线程的另一个需要注意的重要问题是它们在面对 C :c:func:`fork` 调用时的行为。 在大多数支持 :c:func:`fork` " +"的系统中，当一个进程执行 fork 之后将只有发出 fork 的线程存在。 这对需要如何处理锁以及CPython " +"的运行时内所有的存储状态都会有实质性的影响。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"The fact that only the \"current\" thread remains means any locks held by " +"other threads will never be released. Python solves this for :func:`os.fork`" +" by acquiring the locks it uses internally before the fork, and releasing " +"them afterwards. In addition, it resets any :ref:`lock-objects` in the " +"child. When extending or embedding Python, there is no way to inform Python " +"of additional (non-Python) locks that need to be acquired before or reset " +"after a fork. OS facilities such as :c:func:`!pthread_atfork` would need to " +"be used to accomplish the same thing. Additionally, when extending or " +"embedding Python, calling :c:func:`fork` directly rather than through " +":func:`os.fork` (and returning to or calling into Python) may result in a " +"deadlock by one of Python's internal locks being held by a thread that is " +"defunct after the fork. :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` tries to reset the " +"necessary locks, but is not always able to." +msgstr "" +"只保留“当前”线程这一事实意味着任何由其他线程所持有的锁永远不会被释放。 Python 通过在 fork 之前获取内部使用的锁，并随后释放它们的方式为 " +":func:`os.fork` 解决了这个问题。 此外，它还会重置子进程中的任何 :ref:`lock-objects`。 在扩展或嵌入 Python " +"时，没有办法通知 Python 在 fork 之前或之后需要获取或重置的附加（非 Python）锁。 需要使用 OS 工具例如 " +":c:func:`!pthread_atfork` 来完成同样的事情。 此外，在扩展或嵌入 Python 时，直接调用 :c:func:`fork` " +"而不是通过 :func:`os.fork` (并返回到或调用至 Python 中) 调用可能会导致某个被 fork 之后失效的线程所持有的 " +"Python 内部锁发生死锁。 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` 会尝试重置必要的锁，但并不总是能够做到。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"The fact that all other threads go away also means that CPython's runtime " +"state there must be cleaned up properly, which :func:`os.fork` does. This " +"means finalizing all other :c:type:`PyThreadState` objects belonging to the " +"current interpreter and all other :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` objects. Due" +" to this and the special nature of the :ref:`\"main\" interpreter `, :c:func:`fork` should only be called in that " +"interpreter's \"main\" thread, where the CPython global runtime was " +"originally initialized. The only exception is if :c:func:`exec` will be " +"called immediately after." +msgstr "" +"所有其他线程都将结束这一事实也意味着 CPython 的运行时状态必须妥善清理，:func:`os.fork` 就是这样做的。 " +"这意味着最终化归属于当前解释器的所有其他 :c:type:`PyThreadState` 对象以及所有其他 " +":c:type:`PyInterpreterState` 对象。 由于这一点以及 :ref:`\"main\" 解释器 ` 的特殊性质，:c:func:`fork` 应当只在该解释器 的 \"main\" 线程中被调用，而 " +"CPython 全局运行时最初就是在该线程中初始化的。 只有当 :c:func:`exec` 将随后立即被调用的情况是唯一的例外。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1093 +msgid "High-level API" +msgstr "高阶 API" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"These are the most commonly used types and functions when writing C " +"extension code, or when embedding the Python interpreter:" +msgstr "这些是在编写 C 扩展代码或在嵌入 Python 解释器时最常用的类型和函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"This data structure represents the state shared by a number of cooperating " +"threads. Threads belonging to the same interpreter share their module " +"administration and a few other internal items. There are no public members " +"in this structure." +msgstr "该数据结构代表多个合作线程所共享的状态。 属于同一解释器的线程将共享其模块管理以及其他一些内部条目。 该结构体中不包含公有成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"Threads belonging to different interpreters initially share nothing, except " +"process state like available memory, open file descriptors and such. The " +"global interpreter lock is also shared by all threads, regardless of to " +"which interpreter they belong." +msgstr "" +"最初归属于不同解释器的线程不会共享任何东西，但进程状态如可用内存、打开的文件描述符等等除外。 全局解释器锁也会被所有线程共享，无论它们归属于哪个解释器。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1113 +msgid "" +"This data structure represents the state of a single thread. The only " +"public data member is:" +msgstr "该数据结构代表单个线程的状态。 唯一的公有数据成员为：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1118 +msgid "This thread's interpreter state." +msgstr "该线程的解释器状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1129 +msgid "Deprecated function which does nothing." +msgstr "不执行任何操作的已弃用函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1131 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.6 and older, this function created the GIL if it didn't exist." +msgstr "在 Python 3.6 及更老的版本中，此函数会在 GIL 不存在时创建它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1133 +msgid "The function now does nothing." +msgstr "此函数现在不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"This function is now called by :c:func:`Py_Initialize()`, so you don't have " +"to call it yourself anymore." +msgstr "该函数现在由 :c:func:`Py_Initialize()` 调用，因此你无需再自行调用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1140 +msgid "" +"This function cannot be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize()` anymore." +msgstr "此函数已不再被允许在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize()` 之前调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"Release the global interpreter lock (if it has been created) and reset the " +"thread state to ``NULL``, returning the previous thread state (which is not " +"``NULL``). If the lock has been created, the current thread must have " +"acquired it." +msgstr "" +"释放全局解释器锁 (如果已创建) 并将线程状态重置为 ``NULL``，返回之前的线程状态 (不为 ``NULL``)。 " +"如果锁已被创建，则当前线程必须已获取到它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"Acquire the global interpreter lock (if it has been created) and set the " +"thread state to *tstate*, which must not be ``NULL``. If the lock has been " +"created, the current thread must not have acquired it, otherwise deadlock " +"ensues." +msgstr "" +"获取全局解释器锁 (如果已创建) 并将线程状态设为 *tstate*，它必须不为 ``NULL``。 " +"如果锁已被创建，则当前线程必须尚未获取它，否则将发生死锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1164 ../../c-api/init.rst:1223 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1519 +msgid "" +"Calling this function from a thread when the runtime is finalizing will " +"terminate the thread, even if the thread was not created by Python. You can " +"use :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` or :func:`sys.is_finalizing` to check if the " +"interpreter is in process of being finalized before calling this function to" +" avoid unwanted termination." +msgstr "" +"当运行时正在最终化时从某个线程调用此函数将终结该线程，即使线程不是由 Python 创建的。 你可以在调用此函数之前使用 " +":c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` 或 :func:`sys.is_finalizing` " +"来检查解释器是否还处于最终化过程中以避免不必要的终结操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"Return the current thread state. The global interpreter lock must be held. " +"When the current thread state is ``NULL``, this issues a fatal error (so " +"that the caller needn't check for ``NULL``)." +msgstr "" +"返回当前线程状态。 全局解释器锁必须被持有。 在当前状态为 ``NULL`` 时，这将发出一个致命错误 (这样调用方将无须检查是否为 " +"``NULL``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1176 +msgid "See also :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get`, but don't kill the process with a " +"fatal error if it is NULL. The caller is responsible to check if the result " +"is NULL." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get` 类似，但如果其为 NULL 则不会杀死进程并设置致命错误。 调用方要负责检查结果是否为 " +"NULL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.5 to 3.12, the function was private and known as " +"``_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()``." +msgstr "在 Python 3.5 到 3.12 中，此函数是私有的并且命名为 ``_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1192 +msgid "" +"Swap the current thread state with the thread state given by the argument " +"*tstate*, which may be ``NULL``. The global interpreter lock must be held " +"and is not released." +msgstr "交换当前线程状态与由参数 *tstate* (可能为 ``NULL``) 给出的线程状态。 全局解释器锁必须被持有且未被释放。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"The following functions use thread-local storage, and are not compatible " +"with sub-interpreters:" +msgstr "下列函数使用线程级本地存储，并且不能兼容子解释器：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"Ensure that the current thread is ready to call the Python C API regardless " +"of the current state of Python, or of the global interpreter lock. This may " +"be called as many times as desired by a thread as long as each call is " +"matched with a call to :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`. In general, other " +"thread-related APIs may be used between :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Release` calls as long as the thread state is restored " +"to its previous state before the Release(). For example, normal usage of " +"the :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` and :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` " +"macros is acceptable." +msgstr "" +"确保当前线程已准备好调用 Python C API 而不管 Python 或全局解释器锁的当前状态如何。 只要每次调用都与 " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Release` 的调用相匹配就可以通过线程调用此函数任意多次。 一般来说，只要线程状态恢复到 " +"Release() 之前的状态就可以在 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 和 " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Release` 调用之间使用其他与线程相关的 API。 例如，可以正常使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` 和 :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` 宏。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1212 +msgid "" +"The return value is an opaque \"handle\" to the thread state when " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` was called, and must be passed to " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Release` to ensure Python is left in the same state. " +"Even though recursive calls are allowed, these handles *cannot* be shared - " +"each unique call to :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` must save the handle for its" +" call to :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`." +msgstr "" +"返回值是一个当 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 被调用时的线程状态的不透明“句柄”，并且必须被传递给 " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Release` 以确保 Python 处于相同状态。 虽然允许递归调用，但这些句柄 *不能* 被共享 —— " +"每次对 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 的单独调用都必须保存其对 :c:func:`PyGILState_Release` " +"的调用的句柄。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"When the function returns, the current thread will hold the GIL and be able " +"to call arbitrary Python code. Failure is a fatal error." +msgstr "当该函数返回时，当前线程将持有 GIL 并能够调用任意 Python 代码。 执行失败将导致致命级错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1231 +msgid "" +"Release any resources previously acquired. After this call, Python's state " +"will be the same as it was prior to the corresponding " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` call (but generally this state will be unknown " +"to the caller, hence the use of the GILState API)." +msgstr "" +"释放之前获取的任何资源。 在此调用之后，Python 的状态将与其在对相应 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` " +"调用之前的一样（但是通常此状态对调用方来说将是未知的，对 GILState API 的使用也是如此）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"Every call to :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` must be matched by a call to " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Release` on the same thread." +msgstr "" +"对 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 的每次调用都必须与在同一线程上对 :c:func:`PyGILState_Release` " +"的调用相匹配。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1242 +msgid "" +"Get the current thread state for this thread. May return ``NULL`` if no " +"GILState API has been used on the current thread. Note that the main thread" +" always has such a thread-state, even if no auto-thread-state call has been " +"made on the main thread. This is mainly a helper/diagnostic function." +msgstr "" +"获取此线程的当前线程状态。 如果当前线程上没有使用过 GILState API 则可以返回 ``NULL``。 " +"请注意主线程总是会有这样一个线程状态，即使没有在主线程上执行过自动线程状态调用。 这主要是一个辅助/诊断函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1250 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the current thread is holding the GIL and ``0`` otherwise. " +"This function can be called from any thread at any time. Only if it has had " +"its Python thread state initialized and currently is holding the GIL will it" +" return ``1``. This is mainly a helper/diagnostic function. It can be " +"useful for example in callback contexts or memory allocation functions when " +"knowing that the GIL is locked can allow the caller to perform sensitive " +"actions or otherwise behave differently." +msgstr "" +"如果当前线程持有 GIL 则返回 ``1`` 否则返回 ``0``。 此函数可以随时从任何线程调用。 只有当它的 Python " +"线程状态已经初始化并且当前持有 GIL 时它才会返回 ``1``。 这主要是一个辅助/诊断函数。 例如在回调上下文或内存分配函数中会很有用处，当知道 " +"GIL 被锁定时可以允许调用方执行敏感的操作或是在其他情况下做出不同的行为。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1262 +msgid "" +"The following macros are normally used without a trailing semicolon; look " +"for example usage in the Python source distribution." +msgstr "以下的宏被使用时通常不带末尾分号；请在 Python 源代码发布包中查看示例用法。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1268 +msgid "" +"This macro expands to ``{ PyThreadState *_save; _save = " +"PyEval_SaveThread();``. Note that it contains an opening brace; it must be " +"matched with a following :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` macro. See above " +"for further discussion of this macro." +msgstr "" +"此宏会扩展为 ``{ PyThreadState *_save; _save = PyEval_SaveThread();``。 " +"请注意它包含一个开头花括号；它必须与后面的 :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` 宏匹配。 有关此宏的进一步讨论请参阅上文。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1276 +msgid "" +"This macro expands to ``PyEval_RestoreThread(_save); }``. Note that it " +"contains a closing brace; it must be matched with an earlier " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` macro. See above for further discussion " +"of this macro." +msgstr "" +"此宏扩展为 ``PyEval_RestoreThread(_save); }``。 注意它包含一个右花括号；它必须与之前的 " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` 宏匹配。 请参阅上文以进一步讨论此宏。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"This macro expands to ``PyEval_RestoreThread(_save);``: it is equivalent to " +":c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` without the closing brace." +msgstr "" +"这个宏扩展为 ``PyEval_RestoreThread(_save);``: 它等价于没有关闭花括号的 " +":c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1290 +msgid "" +"This macro expands to ``_save = PyEval_SaveThread();``: it is equivalent to " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` without the opening brace and variable " +"declaration." +msgstr "" +"这个宏扩展为 ``_save = PyEval_SaveThread();``: 它等价于没有开始花括号和变量声明的 " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1296 +msgid "Low-level API" +msgstr "底层级 API" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1298 +msgid "" +"All of the following functions must be called after :c:func:`Py_Initialize`." +msgstr "下列所有函数都必须在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之后被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1300 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_Initialize()` now initializes the :term:`GIL`." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_Initialize()` 现在会初始化 :term:`GIL`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"Create a new interpreter state object. The global interpreter lock need not" +" be held, but may be held if it is necessary to serialize calls to this " +"function." +msgstr "创建一个新的解释器状态对象。 不需要持有全局解释器锁，但如果有必要序列化对此函数的调用则可能会持有。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1310 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``cpython.PyInterpreterState_New`` with no arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.PyInterpreterState_New``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1315 +msgid "" +"Reset all information in an interpreter state object. The global " +"interpreter lock must be held." +msgstr "重置解释器状态对象中的所有信息。 必须持有全局解释器锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``cpython.PyInterpreterState_Clear`` with no arguments." +msgstr "" +"引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.PyInterpreterState_Clear``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"Destroy an interpreter state object. The global interpreter lock need not " +"be held. The interpreter state must have been reset with a previous call to" +" :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Clear`." +msgstr "" +"销毁解释器状态对象。 不需要持有全局解释器锁。 解释器状态必须使用之前对 :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Clear` " +"的调用来重置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"Create a new thread state object belonging to the given interpreter object. " +"The global interpreter lock need not be held, but may be held if it is " +"necessary to serialize calls to this function." +msgstr "创建属于给定解释器对象的新线程状态对象。全局解释器锁不需要保持，但如果需要序列化对此函数的调用，则可以保持。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"Reset all information in a thread state object. The global interpreter lock" +" must be held." +msgstr "重置线程状态对象中的所有信息。 必须持有全局解释器锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"This function now calls the :c:member:`PyThreadState.on_delete` callback. " +"Previously, that happened in :c:func:`PyThreadState_Delete`." +msgstr "" +"此函数现在会调用 :c:member:`PyThreadState.on_delete` 回调。 在之前版本中，此操作是发生在 " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_Delete` 中的。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1344 +msgid "The :c:member:`PyThreadState.on_delete` callback was removed." +msgstr ":c:member:`PyThreadState.on_delete` 回调已被移除。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"Destroy a thread state object. The global interpreter lock need not be " +"held. The thread state must have been reset with a previous call to " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear`." +msgstr "" +"销毁线程状态对象。 不需要持有全局解释器锁。 线程状态必须使用之前对 :c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear` 的调用来重置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1357 +msgid "" +"Destroy the current thread state and release the global interpreter lock. " +"Like :c:func:`PyThreadState_Delete`, the global interpreter lock must be " +"held. The thread state must have been reset with a previous call to " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear`." +msgstr "" +"销毁当前线程状态并释放全局解释器锁。 与 :c:func:`PyThreadState_Delete` 类似，必须持有全局解释器锁。 " +"线程状态必须已通过之前对 :c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear` 的调用来重置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1365 +msgid "Get the current frame of the Python thread state *tstate*." +msgstr "获取 Python 线程状态 *tstate* 的当前帧。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1367 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`strong reference`. Return ``NULL`` if no frame is currently " +"executing." +msgstr "返回一个 :term:`strong reference`。 如果没有当前执行的帧则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1370 +msgid "See also :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1372 ../../c-api/init.rst:1381 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1390 +msgid "*tstate* must not be ``NULL``." +msgstr "*tstate* 必须不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"Get the unique thread state identifier of the Python thread state *tstate*." +msgstr "获取 Python 线程状态 *tstate* 的唯一线程状态标识符。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1388 +msgid "Get the interpreter of the Python thread state *tstate*." +msgstr "获取 Python 线程状态 *tstate* 对应的解释器。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1397 +msgid "Suspend tracing and profiling in the Python thread state *tstate*." +msgstr "暂停 Python 线程状态 *tstate* 中的追踪和性能分析。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1399 +msgid "Resume them using the :c:func:`PyThreadState_LeaveTracing` function." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`PyThreadState_LeaveTracing` 函数来恢复它们。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"Resume tracing and profiling in the Python thread state *tstate* suspended " +"by the :c:func:`PyThreadState_EnterTracing` function." +msgstr "" +"恢复 Python 线程状态 *tstate* 中被 :c:func:`PyThreadState_EnterTracing` " +"函数暂停的追踪和性能分析。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1409 +msgid "" +"See also :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` and :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` " +"functions." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` 和 :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1417 +msgid "Get the current interpreter." +msgstr "获取当前解释器。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"Issue a fatal error if there no current Python thread state or no current " +"interpreter. It cannot return NULL." +msgstr "如果不存在当前 Python 线程状态或不存在当前解释器则将发出致命级错误信号。 它无法返回 NULL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1422 ../../c-api/init.rst:1432 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1454 +msgid "The caller must hold the GIL." +msgstr "呼叫者必须持有GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"Return the interpreter's unique ID. If there was any error in doing so then" +" ``-1`` is returned and an error is set." +msgstr "返回解释器的唯一 ID。 如果执行过程中发生任何错误则将返回 ``-1`` 并设置错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1439 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary in which interpreter-specific data may be stored. If " +"this function returns ``NULL`` then no exception has been raised and the " +"caller should assume no interpreter-specific dict is available." +msgstr "返回一个存储解释器专属数据的字典。 如果此函数返回 ``NULL`` 则没有任何异常被引发并且调用方应当将解释器专属字典视为不可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"This is not a replacement for :c:func:`PyModule_GetState()`, which " +"extensions should use to store interpreter-specific state information." +msgstr "这不是 :c:func:`PyModule_GetState()` 的替代，扩展仍应使用它来存储解释器专属的状态信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`strong reference` to the ``__main__`` :ref:`module object " +"` for the given interpreter." +msgstr "" +"为给定的解释器返回一个指向 ``__main__`` :ref:`模块对象 ` 的 :term:`strong " +"reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1461 +msgid "Type of a frame evaluation function." +msgstr "帧评估函数的类型" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"The *throwflag* parameter is used by the ``throw()`` method of generators: " +"if non-zero, handle the current exception." +msgstr "*throwflag* 形参将由生成器的 ``throw()`` 方法来使用：如为非零值，则处理当前异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1466 +msgid "The function now takes a *tstate* parameter." +msgstr "此函数现在可接受一个 *tstate* 形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"The *frame* parameter changed from ``PyFrameObject*`` to " +"``_PyInterpreterFrame*``." +msgstr "*frame* 形参由 ``PyFrameObject*`` 改为 ``_PyInterpreterFrame*``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1474 +msgid "Get the frame evaluation function." +msgstr "获取帧评估函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1476 ../../c-api/init.rst:1484 +msgid "See the :pep:`523` \"Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython\"." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`523` \"Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython\"。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1482 +msgid "Set the frame evaluation function." +msgstr "设置帧评估函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1491 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary in which extensions can store thread-specific state " +"information. Each extension should use a unique key to use to store state " +"in the dictionary. It is okay to call this function when no current thread " +"state is available. If this function returns ``NULL``, no exception has been" +" raised and the caller should assume no current thread state is available." +msgstr "" +"返回一个扩展可以在其中存储线程专属状态信息的字典。 每个扩展都应当使用一个独有的键用来在该字典中存储状态。 在没有可用的当前线程状态时也可以调用此函数。" +" 如果此函数返回 ``NULL``，则还没有任何异常被引发并且调用方应当假定没有可用的当前线程状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1500 +msgid "" +"Asynchronously raise an exception in a thread. The *id* argument is the " +"thread id of the target thread; *exc* is the exception object to be raised. " +"This function does not steal any references to *exc*. To prevent naive " +"misuse, you must write your own C extension to call this. Must be called " +"with the GIL held. Returns the number of thread states modified; this is " +"normally one, but will be zero if the thread id isn't found. If *exc* is " +"``NULL``, the pending exception (if any) for the thread is cleared. This " +"raises no exceptions." +msgstr "" +"在一个线程中异步地引发异常。 *id* 参数是目标线程的线程 id；*exc* 是要引发的异常对象。 该函数不会窃取任何对 *exc* 的引用。 " +"为防止随意滥用，你必须编写你自己的 C 扩展来调用它。 调用时必须持有 GIL。 返回已修改的线程状态数量；该值通常为一，但如果未找到线程 id " +"则会返回 0。 如果 *exc* 为``NULL``，则会清除线程的待处理异常（如果存在）。 这将不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1508 +msgid "" +"The type of the *id* parameter changed from :c:expr:`long` to " +":c:expr:`unsigned long`." +msgstr "*id* 形参的类型已从 :c:expr:`long` 变为 :c:expr:`unsigned long`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"Acquire the global interpreter lock and set the current thread state to " +"*tstate*, which must not be ``NULL``. The lock must have been created " +"earlier. If this thread already has the lock, deadlock ensues." +msgstr "" +"获取全局解释器锁并将当前线程状态设为 *tstate*，它必须不为 ``NULL``。 锁必须在此之前已被创建。 如果该线程已获取锁，则会发生死锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1525 +msgid "" +"Updated to be consistent with :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`, " +":c:func:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`, and :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`, and " +"terminate the current thread if called while the interpreter is finalizing." +msgstr "" +"已被更新为与 :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`, :c:func:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` 和 " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 保持一致，如果在解释器正在最终化时被调用则会终结当前线程。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1530 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread` is a higher-level function which is always " +"available (even when threads have not been initialized)." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread` 是一个始终可用的（即使线程尚未初始化）更高层级函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"Reset the current thread state to ``NULL`` and release the global " +"interpreter lock. The lock must have been created earlier and must be held " +"by the current thread. The *tstate* argument, which must not be ``NULL``, " +"is only used to check that it represents the current thread state --- if it " +"isn't, a fatal error is reported." +msgstr "" +"将当前线程状态重置为 ``NULL`` 并释放全局解释器锁。 在此之前锁必须已被创建并且必须由当前的线程所持有。 *tstate* 参数必须不为 " +"``NULL``，该参数仅被用于检查它是否代表当前线程状态 --- 如果不是，则会报告一个致命级错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1542 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` is a higher-level function which is always " +"available (even when threads have not been initialized)." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` 是一个始终可用的（即使线程尚未初始化）更高层级函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1549 +msgid "Sub-interpreter support" +msgstr "子解释器支持" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1551 +msgid "" +"While in most uses, you will only embed a single Python interpreter, there " +"are cases where you need to create several independent interpreters in the " +"same process and perhaps even in the same thread. Sub-interpreters allow you" +" to do that." +msgstr "" +"虽然在大多数用例中，你都只会嵌入一个单独的 Python 解释器，但某些场景需要你在同一个进程甚至同一个线程中创建多个独立的解释器。 " +"子解释器让你能够做到这一点。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1556 +msgid "" +"The \"main\" interpreter is the first one created when the runtime " +"initializes. It is usually the only Python interpreter in a process. Unlike" +" sub-interpreters, the main interpreter has unique process-global " +"responsibilities like signal handling. It is also responsible for execution" +" during runtime initialization and is usually the active interpreter during " +"runtime finalization. The :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Main` function " +"returns a pointer to its state." +msgstr "" +"“主”解释器是在运行时初始化时创建的第一个解释器。 它通常是一个进程中唯一的 Python 解释器。 " +"与子解释器不同，主解释器具有唯一的进程全局责任比如信号处理等。 它还负责在运行时初始化期间的执行并且通常还是运行时最终化期间的活动解释器。 " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Main` 函数将返回一个指向其状态的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"You can switch between sub-interpreters using the " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_Swap` function. You can create and destroy them using" +" the following functions:" +msgstr "你可以使用 :c:func:`PyThreadState_Swap` 函数在子解释器之间进行切换。 你可以使用下列函数来创建和销毁它们：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"Structure containing most parameters to configure a sub-interpreter. Its " +"values are used only in :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` and never " +"modified by the runtime." +msgstr "" +"包含用于配置子解释器的大部分形参的结构体。 其值仅在 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` " +"中被使用而绝不会被运行时所修改。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1575 +msgid "Structure fields:" +msgstr "结构体字段:" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1579 +msgid "" +"If this is ``0`` then the sub-interpreter will use its own \"object\" " +"allocator state. Otherwise it will use (share) the main interpreter's." +msgstr "如果该值为 ``0`` 则子解释器将使用自己的“对象”分配器状态。 否则它将使用（共享）主解释器的状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"If this is ``0`` then " +":c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.check_multi_interp_extensions` must be ``1``" +" (non-zero). If this is ``1`` then :c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.gil` must" +" not be :c:macro:`PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL`." +msgstr "" +"如果该值为 ``0`` 则 :c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.check_multi_interp_extensions`" +" 必须为 ``1`` (非零值)。 如果该值为 ``1`` 则 :c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.gil` 不可为 " +":c:macro:`PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1591 +msgid "" +"If this is ``0`` then the runtime will not support forking the process in " +"any thread where the sub-interpreter is currently active. Otherwise fork is " +"unrestricted." +msgstr "如果该值为 ``0`` 则运行时将不支持在当前激活了子解释器的任何线程中 fork 进程。 否则 fork 将不受限制。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"Note that the :mod:`subprocess` module still works when fork is disallowed." +msgstr "请注意当 fork 被禁止时 :mod:`subprocess` 模块将仍然可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1600 +msgid "" +"If this is ``0`` then the runtime will not support replacing the current " +"process via exec (e.g. :func:`os.execv`) in any thread where the sub-" +"interpreter is currently active. Otherwise exec is unrestricted." +msgstr "" +"如果该值为 ``0`` 则运行时将不支持在当前激活了子解释器的任何线程中通过 exec (例如 :func:`os.execv`) 替换当前进程。 否则" +" exec 将不受限制。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"Note that the :mod:`subprocess` module still works when exec is disallowed." +msgstr "请注意当 exec 被禁止时 :mod:`subprocess` 模块将仍然可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1610 +msgid "" +"If this is ``0`` then the sub-interpreter's :mod:`threading` module won't " +"create threads. Otherwise threads are allowed." +msgstr "如果该值为 ``0`` 则子解释器的 :mod:`threading` 模块将不会创建线程。 否则线程将被允许。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1616 +msgid "" +"If this is ``0`` then the sub-interpreter's :mod:`threading` module won't " +"create daemon threads. Otherwise daemon threads are allowed (as long as " +":c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.allow_threads` is non-zero)." +msgstr "" +"如果该值为 ``0`` 则子解释器的 :mod:`threading` 模块将不会创建守护线程。 否则将允许守护线程（只要 " +":c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.allow_threads` 是非零值）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1623 +msgid "" +"If this is ``0`` then all extension modules may be imported, including " +"legacy (single-phase init) modules, in any thread where the sub-interpreter " +"is currently active. Otherwise only multi-phase init extension modules (see " +":pep:`489`) may be imported. (Also see " +":c:macro:`Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果该值为 ``0`` 则所有扩展模块均可在当前子解释器被激活的任何线程中被导入，包括旧式的 (单阶段初始化) 模块。 否则将只有多阶段初始化扩展模块 " +"(参见 :pep:`489`) 可以被导入。 (另请参阅 :c:macro:`Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`。)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1630 +msgid "" +"This must be ``1`` (non-zero) if " +":c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.use_main_obmalloc` is ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyInterpreterConfig.use_main_obmalloc` 为 ``0`` 则该值必须为 ``1`` " +"(非零值)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1635 +msgid "" +"This determines the operation of the GIL for the sub-interpreter. It may be " +"one of the following:" +msgstr "这将确定针对子解释器的 GIL 操作方式。 它可以是以下的几种之一：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1642 +msgid "Use the default selection (:c:macro:`PyInterpreterConfig_SHARED_GIL`)." +msgstr "使用默认选择 (:c:macro:`PyInterpreterConfig_SHARED_GIL`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1646 +msgid "Use (share) the main interpreter's GIL." +msgstr "使用（共享）主解释器的 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1650 +msgid "Use the sub-interpreter's own GIL." +msgstr "使用子解释器自己的 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1652 +msgid "" +"If this is :c:macro:`PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL` then " +":c:member:`PyInterpreterConfig.use_main_obmalloc` must be ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果该值为 :c:macro:`PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL` 则 " +":c:member:`PyInterpreterConfig.use_main_obmalloc` 必须为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1666 +msgid "" +"Create a new sub-interpreter. This is an (almost) totally separate " +"environment for the execution of Python code. In particular, the new " +"interpreter has separate, independent versions of all imported modules, " +"including the fundamental modules :mod:`builtins`, :mod:`__main__` and " +":mod:`sys`. The table of loaded modules (``sys.modules``) and the module " +"search path (``sys.path``) are also separate. The new environment has no " +"``sys.argv`` variable. It has new standard I/O stream file objects " +"``sys.stdin``, ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` (however these refer to the" +" same underlying file descriptors)." +msgstr "" +"新建一个子解释器。 这是一个 (几乎) 完全隔离的 Python 代码执行环境。 " +"特别需要注意，新的子解释器具有全部已导入模块的隔离的、独立的版本，包括基本模块 :mod:`builtins`, :mod:`__main__` 和 " +":mod:`sys` 等。 已加载模块表 (``sys.modules``) 和模块搜索路径 (``sys.path``) 也是隔离的。 新环境没有 " +"``sys.argv`` 变量。 它具有新的标准 I/O 流文件对象 ``sys.stdin``, ``sys.stdout`` 和 " +"``sys.stderr`` (不过这些对象都指向相同的底层文件描述符)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1676 +msgid "" +"The given *config* controls the options with which the interpreter is " +"initialized." +msgstr "给定的 *config* 控制着初始化解释器所使用的选项。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1679 +msgid "" +"Upon success, *tstate_p* will be set to the first thread state created in " +"the new sub-interpreter. This thread state is made in the current thread " +"state. Note that no actual thread is created; see the discussion of thread " +"states below. If creation of the new interpreter is unsuccessful, " +"*tstate_p* is set to ``NULL``; no exception is set since the exception state" +" is stored in the current thread state and there may not be a current thread" +" state." +msgstr "" +"成功后，*tstate_p* 将被设为新的子解释器中创建的第一个线程状态。该线程状态是在当前线程状态中创建的。 " +"请注意并没有真实的线程被创建；请参阅下文有关线程状态的讨论。 如果创建新的解释器没有成功，则 *tstate_p* 将被设为 " +"``NULL``；不会设置任何异常因为异常状态是存储在当前的线程状态中而当前线程状态并不一定存在。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1688 +msgid "" +"Like all other Python/C API functions, the global interpreter lock must be " +"held before calling this function and is still held when it returns. " +"Likewise a current thread state must be set on entry. On success, the " +"returned thread state will be set as current. If the sub-interpreter is " +"created with its own GIL then the GIL of the calling interpreter will be " +"released. When the function returns, the new interpreter's GIL will be held" +" by the current thread and the previously interpreter's GIL will remain " +"released here." +msgstr "" +"与所有其他 Python/C API 函数一样，在调用此函数之前必须先持有全局解释器锁并且在其返回时仍继续持有。 " +"同样地在进入函数时也必须设置当前线程状态。 执行成功后，返回的线程状态将被设为当前线程状态。 如果创建的子解释器具有自己的 GIL 那么调用方解释器的 " +"GIL 将被释放。 当此函数返回时，新的解释器的 GIL 将由当前线程持有而之前的解释器的 GIL 在此将保持释放状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1699 +msgid "" +"Sub-interpreters are most effective when isolated from each other, with " +"certain functionality restricted::" +msgstr "子解释器在彼此相互隔离，并让特定功能受限的情况下是最有效率的::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1702 +msgid "" +"PyInterpreterConfig config = {\n" +" .use_main_obmalloc = 0,\n" +" .allow_fork = 0,\n" +" .allow_exec = 0,\n" +" .allow_threads = 1,\n" +" .allow_daemon_threads = 0,\n" +" .check_multi_interp_extensions = 1,\n" +" .gil = PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL,\n" +"};\n" +"PyThreadState *tstate = NULL;\n" +"PyStatus status = Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig(&tstate, &config);\n" +"if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyInterpreterConfig config = {\n" +" .use_main_obmalloc = 0,\n" +" .allow_fork = 0,\n" +" .allow_exec = 0,\n" +" .allow_threads = 1,\n" +" .allow_daemon_threads = 0,\n" +" .check_multi_interp_extensions = 1,\n" +" .gil = PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL,\n" +"};\n" +"PyThreadState *tstate = NULL;\n" +"PyStatus status = Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig(&tstate, &config);\n" +"if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1717 +msgid "" +"Note that the config is used only briefly and does not get modified. During " +"initialization the config's values are converted into various " +":c:type:`PyInterpreterState` values. A read-only copy of the config may be " +"stored internally on the :c:type:`PyInterpreterState`." +msgstr "" +"请注意该配置只会被短暂使用而不会被修改。 在初始化期间配置的值会被转换成各种 :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` 值。 " +"配置的只读副本可以被内部存储于 :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1726 +msgid "Extension modules are shared between (sub-)interpreters as follows:" +msgstr "扩展模块将以如下方式在（子）解释器之间共享：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1728 +msgid "" +"For modules using multi-phase initialization, e.g. " +":c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`, a separate module object is created and " +"initialized for each interpreter. Only C-level static and global variables " +"are shared between these module objects." +msgstr "" +"对于使用多阶段初始化的模块 ，例如 :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`，将为每个解释器创建并初始化一个单独的模块对象。 " +"只有 C 层级的静态和全局变量能在这些模块 对象之间共享。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"For modules using single-phase initialization, e.g. " +":c:func:`PyModule_Create`, the first time a particular extension is " +"imported, it is initialized normally, and a (shallow) copy of its module's " +"dictionary is squirreled away. When the same extension is imported by " +"another (sub-)interpreter, a new module is initialized and filled with the " +"contents of this copy; the extension's ``init`` function is not called. " +"Objects in the module's dictionary thus end up shared across " +"(sub-)interpreters, which might cause unwanted behavior (see `Bugs and " +"caveats`_ below)." +msgstr "" +"对于使用单阶段初始化的模块，例如 :c:func:`PyModule_Create`，当特定扩展被首次导入时，它将被正常初始化，并会保存其模块字典的一个" +" (浅) 拷贝。 当同一扩展被另一个 (子) 解释器导入时，将初始化一个新模块并填充该拷贝的内容；扩展的 ``init`` 函数不会被调用。 " +"因此模块字典中的对象最终会被 (子) 解释器所共享，这可能会导致预期之外的行为 (参见下文的 `Bugs and caveats`_)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"Note that this is different from what happens when an extension is imported " +"after the interpreter has been completely re-initialized by calling " +":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` and :c:func:`Py_Initialize`; in that case, the " +"extension's ``initmodule`` function *is* called again. As with multi-phase " +"initialization, this means that only C-level static and global variables are" +" shared between these modules." +msgstr "" +"请注意这不同于在调用 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 和 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` " +"完全重新初始化解释器之后导入扩展时所发生的情况；对于那种情况，扩展的 ``initmodule`` 函数 *会被* 再次调用。 " +"与多阶段初始化一样，这意味着只有 C 层级的静态和全局变量能在这些模块之间共享。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1765 +msgid "" +"Create a new sub-interpreter. This is essentially just a wrapper around " +":c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` with a config that preserves the " +"existing behavior. The result is an unisolated sub-interpreter that shares " +"the main interpreter's GIL, allows fork/exec, allows daemon threads, and " +"allows single-phase init modules." +msgstr "" +"新建一个子解释器。 这在本质上只是针对 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` 的包装器，其配置保留了现有的行为。 " +"结果是一个未隔离的子解释器，它会共享主解释器的 GIL，允许 fork/exec，允许守护线程，也允许单阶段初始化模块。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1777 +msgid "" +"Destroy the (sub-)interpreter represented by the given thread state. The " +"given thread state must be the current thread state. See the discussion of " +"thread states below. When the call returns, the current thread state is " +"``NULL``. All thread states associated with this interpreter are destroyed." +" The global interpreter lock used by the target interpreter must be held " +"before calling this function. No GIL is held when it returns." +msgstr "" +"销毁由给定的线程状态所代表的（子）解释器。 给定的线程状态必须为当前的线程状态。 请参阅下文中关于线程状态的讨论。 当调用返回时，当前的线程状态将为 " +"``NULL``。 与此解释器相关联的所有线程状态都会被销毁。 在调用此函数之前必须持有目标解释器所使用的全局解释器锁。 当其返回时将不再持有 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1785 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` will destroy all sub-interpreters that haven't been " +"explicitly destroyed at that point." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 将销毁所有在当前时间点上尚未被明确销毁的子解释器。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1790 +msgid "A Per-Interpreter GIL" +msgstr "解释器级 GIL" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"Using :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` you can create a sub-interpreter" +" that is completely isolated from other interpreters, including having its " +"own GIL. The most important benefit of this isolation is that such an " +"interpreter can execute Python code without being blocked by other " +"interpreters or blocking any others. Thus a single Python process can truly" +" take advantage of multiple CPU cores when running Python code. The " +"isolation also encourages a different approach to concurrency than that of " +"just using threads. (See :pep:`554`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` 你将可以创建一个与其他解释器完全隔离的子解释器，包括具有自己的 " +"GIL。 这种隔离带来的最大好处在于这样的解释器执行 Python 代码时不会被其他解释器所阻塞或者阻塞任何其他解释器。 因此在运行 Python " +"代码时单个 Python 进程可以真正地利用多个 CPU 核心。 这种隔离还能鼓励开发者采取不同于仅使用线程的并发方式。 (参见 " +":pep:`554`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1802 +msgid "" +"Using an isolated interpreter requires vigilance in preserving that " +"isolation. That especially means not sharing any objects or mutable state " +"without guarantees about thread-safety. Even objects that are otherwise " +"immutable (e.g. ``None``, ``(1, 5)``) can't normally be shared because of " +"the refcount. One simple but less-efficient approach around this is to use " +"a global lock around all use of some state (or object). Alternately, " +"effectively immutable objects (like integers or strings) can be made safe in" +" spite of their refcounts by making them :term:`immortal`. In fact, this has" +" been done for the builtin singletons, small integers, and a number of other" +" builtin objects." +msgstr "" +"使用隔离的解释器要求谨慎地保持隔离状态。 尤其是意味着不要在未确保线程安全的情况下共享任何对象或可变的状态。 " +"由于引用计数的存在即使是在其他情况下不可变的对象 (例如 ``None``, ``(1, 5)``) 通常也不可被共享。 " +"针对此问题的一种简单但效率较低的解决方式是在使用某些状态 (或对象) 时总是使用一个全局锁。 或者，对象实际上不可变的对象 (如整数或字符串) " +"可以通过将其设为 :term:`immortal` 对象而无视其引用计数来确保其安全性。 事实上，对于内置单例、小整数和其他一些内置对象都是这样做的。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1813 +msgid "" +"If you preserve isolation then you will have access to proper multi-core " +"computing without the complications that come with free-threading. Failure " +"to preserve isolation will expose you to the full consequences of free-" +"threading, including races and hard-to-debug crashes." +msgstr "" +"如果你能保持隔离状态那么你将能获得真正的多核计算能力而不会遇到自由线程所带来的复杂性。 " +"如果未能保持隔离状态那么你将面对自由线程所带来的全部后果，包括线程竞争和难以调试的崩溃。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1818 +msgid "" +"Aside from that, one of the main challenges of using multiple isolated " +"interpreters is how to communicate between them safely (not break isolation)" +" and efficiently. The runtime and stdlib do not provide any standard " +"approach to this yet. A future stdlib module would help mitigate the effort" +" of preserving isolation and expose effective tools for communicating (and " +"sharing) data between interpreters." +msgstr "" +"除此之外，使用多个相互隔离的解释器的一个主要挑战是如何在它们之间安全 (不破坏隔离状态)、高效地进行通信。 运行时和标准库还没有为此提供任何标准方式。 " +"未来的标准库模块将会帮助减少保持隔离状态所需的工作量并为解释器之间的数据通信（和共享）公开有效的工具。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1829 +msgid "Bugs and caveats" +msgstr "错误和警告" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1831 +msgid "" +"Because sub-interpreters (and the main interpreter) are part of the same " +"process, the insulation between them isn't perfect --- for example, using " +"low-level file operations like :func:`os.close` they can (accidentally or " +"maliciously) affect each other's open files. Because of the way extensions " +"are shared between (sub-)interpreters, some extensions may not work " +"properly; this is especially likely when using single-phase initialization " +"or (static) global variables. It is possible to insert objects created in " +"one sub-interpreter into a namespace of another (sub-)interpreter; this " +"should be avoided if possible." +msgstr "" +"由于子解释器 (以及主解释器) 都是同一个进程的组成部分，它们之间的隔离状态并非完美 --- 举例来说，使用低层级的文件操作如 " +":func:`os.close` 时它们可能 (无意或恶意地) 影响它们各自打开的文件。 由于 (子) " +"解释器之间共享扩展的方式，某些扩展可能无法正常工作；在使用单阶段初始化或者 (静态) 全局变量时尤其如此。 " +"在一个子解释器中创建的对象有可能被插入到另一个 (子) 解释器的命名空间中；这种情况应当尽可能地避免。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1841 +msgid "" +"Special care should be taken to avoid sharing user-defined functions, " +"methods, instances or classes between sub-interpreters, since import " +"operations executed by such objects may affect the wrong (sub-)interpreter's" +" dictionary of loaded modules. It is equally important to avoid sharing " +"objects from which the above are reachable." +msgstr "" +"应当特别注意避免在子解释器之间共享用户自定义的函数、方法、实例或类，因为由这些对象执行的导入 操作可能会影响错误的已加载模块的 (子) 解释器的字典。 " +"同样重要的一点是应当避免共享可被上述对象访问的对象 。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1847 +msgid "" +"Also note that combining this functionality with ``PyGILState_*`` APIs is " +"delicate, because these APIs assume a bijection between Python thread states" +" and OS-level threads, an assumption broken by the presence of sub-" +"interpreters. It is highly recommended that you don't switch sub-" +"interpreters between a pair of matching :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Release` calls. Furthermore, extensions (such as " +":mod:`ctypes`) using these APIs to allow calling of Python code from non-" +"Python created threads will probably be broken when using sub-interpreters." +msgstr "" +"还要注意的一点是将此功能与 ``PyGILState_*`` API 结合使用是很微妙的，因为这些 API 会假定 " +"Python线程状态与操作系统级线程之间存在双向投影关系，而子解释器的存在打破了这一假定。 强烈建议你不要在一对互相匹配的 " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 和 :c:func:`PyGILState_Release` 调用之间切换子解释器。 " +"此外，使用这些 API 以允许从非 Python 创建的线程调用 Python 代码的扩展 (如 :mod:`ctypes`) " +"在使用子解释器时很可能会出现问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1858 +msgid "Asynchronous Notifications" +msgstr "异步通知" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1860 +msgid "" +"A mechanism is provided to make asynchronous notifications to the main " +"interpreter thread. These notifications take the form of a function pointer" +" and a void pointer argument." +msgstr "提供了一种向主解释器线程发送异步通知的机制。 这些通知将采用函数指针和空指针参数的形式。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1867 +msgid "" +"Schedule a function to be called from the main interpreter thread. On " +"success, ``0`` is returned and *func* is queued for being called in the main" +" thread. On failure, ``-1`` is returned without setting any exception." +msgstr "" +"将一个函数加入从主解释器线程调用的计划任务。 成功时，将返回 ``0`` 并将 *func* 加入要被主线程调用的等待队列。 失败时，将返回 " +"``-1`` 但不会设置任何异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1871 +msgid "" +"When successfully queued, *func* will be *eventually* called from the main " +"interpreter thread with the argument *arg*. It will be called " +"asynchronously with respect to normally running Python code, but with both " +"these conditions met:" +msgstr "" +"当成功加入队列后，*func* 将 *最终* 附带参数 *arg* 被主解释器线程调用。 对于正常运行的 Python " +"代码来说它将被异步地调用，但要同时满足以下两个条件：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1876 +msgid "on a :term:`bytecode` boundary;" +msgstr "位于 :term:`bytecode` 的边界上；" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1877 +msgid "" +"with the main thread holding the :term:`global interpreter lock` (*func* can" +" therefore use the full C API)." +msgstr "主线程持有 :term:`global interpreter lock` (因此 *func* 可以使用完整的 C API)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1880 +msgid "" +"*func* must return ``0`` on success, or ``-1`` on failure with an exception " +"set. *func* won't be interrupted to perform another asynchronous " +"notification recursively, but it can still be interrupted to switch threads " +"if the global interpreter lock is released." +msgstr "" +"*func* 必须在成功时返回 ``0``，或在失败时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常集合。 *func* " +"不会被中断来递归地执行另一个异步通知，但如果全局解释器锁被释放则它仍可被中断以切换线程。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1885 +msgid "" +"This function doesn't need a current thread state to run, and it doesn't " +"need the global interpreter lock." +msgstr "此函数的运行不需要当前线程状态，也不需要全局解释器锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1888 +msgid "" +"To call this function in a subinterpreter, the caller must hold the GIL. " +"Otherwise, the function *func* can be scheduled to be called from the wrong " +"interpreter." +msgstr "要在子解释器中调用函数，调用方必须持有 GIL。 否则，函数 *func* 可能会被安排给错误的解释器来调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"This is a low-level function, only useful for very special cases. There is " +"no guarantee that *func* will be called as quick as possible. If the main " +"thread is busy executing a system call, *func* won't be called before the " +"system call returns. This function is generally **not** suitable for " +"calling Python code from arbitrary C threads. Instead, use the " +":ref:`PyGILState API`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个低层级函数，只在非常特殊的情况下有用。 不能保证 *func* 会尽快被调用。 如果主线程忙于执行某个系统调用，*func* " +"将不会在系统调用返回之前被调用。 此函数 通常 **不适合** 从任意 C 线程调用 Python 代码。 作为替代，请使用 " +":ref:`PyGILStateAPI `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1902 +msgid "" +"If this function is called in a subinterpreter, the function *func* is now " +"scheduled to be called from the subinterpreter, rather than being called " +"from the main interpreter. Each subinterpreter now has its own list of " +"scheduled calls." +msgstr "" +"如果此函数在子解释器中被调用，则函数 *func* 将被安排在子解释器中调用，而不是在主解释器中调用。现在每个子解释器都有自己的计划调用列表。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1911 +msgid "Profiling and Tracing" +msgstr "分析和跟踪" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1916 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter provides some low-level support for attaching " +"profiling and execution tracing facilities. These are used for profiling, " +"debugging, and coverage analysis tools." +msgstr "Python 解释器为附加的性能分析和执行跟踪工具提供了一些低层级的支持。 它们可被用于性能分析、调试和覆盖分析工具。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1920 +msgid "" +"This C interface allows the profiling or tracing code to avoid the overhead " +"of calling through Python-level callable objects, making a direct C function" +" call instead. The essential attributes of the facility have not changed; " +"the interface allows trace functions to be installed per-thread, and the " +"basic events reported to the trace function are the same as had been " +"reported to the Python-level trace functions in previous versions." +msgstr "" +"这个 C 接口允许性能分析或跟踪代码避免调用 Python 层级的可调用对象带来的开销，它能直接执行 C 函数调用。 " +"此工具的基本属性没有变化；这个接口允许针对每个线程安装跟踪函数，并且向跟踪函数报告的基本事件与之前版本中向 Python 层级跟踪函数报告的事件相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"The type of the trace function registered using :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` " +"and :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace`. The first parameter is the object passed to " +"the registration function as *obj*, *frame* is the frame object to which the" +" event pertains, *what* is one of the constants :c:data:`PyTrace_CALL`, " +":c:data:`PyTrace_EXCEPTION`, :c:data:`PyTrace_LINE`, " +":c:data:`PyTrace_RETURN`, :c:data:`PyTrace_C_CALL`, " +":c:data:`PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION`, :c:data:`PyTrace_C_RETURN`, or " +":c:data:`PyTrace_OPCODE`, and *arg* depends on the value of *what*:" +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` 和 :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` 注册的跟踪函数的类型。 " +"第一个形参是作为 *obj* 传递给注册函数的对象，*frame* 是与事件相关的帧对象，*what* 是常量 " +":c:data:`PyTrace_CALL`, :c:data:`PyTrace_EXCEPTION`, :c:data:`PyTrace_LINE`," +" :c:data:`PyTrace_RETURN`, :c:data:`PyTrace_C_CALL`, " +":c:data:`PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION`, :c:data:`PyTrace_C_RETURN` 或 " +":c:data:`PyTrace_OPCODE` 中的一个，而 *arg* 将依赖于 *what* 的值：" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1939 +msgid "Value of *what*" +msgstr "*what* 的值" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1939 +msgid "Meaning of *arg*" +msgstr "*arg* 的含义" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1941 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_CALL`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_CALL`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1941 ../../c-api/init.rst:1946 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1957 +msgid "Always :c:data:`Py_None`." +msgstr "总是 :c:data:`Py_None`." + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1943 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_EXCEPTION`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_EXCEPTION`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1943 +msgid "Exception information as returned by :func:`sys.exc_info`." +msgstr ":func:`sys.exc_info` 返回的异常信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1946 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_LINE`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_LINE`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1948 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_RETURN`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_RETURN`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1948 +msgid "" +"Value being returned to the caller, or ``NULL`` if caused by an exception." +msgstr "返回给调用方的值，或者如果是由异常导致的则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1951 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_C_CALL`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_C_CALL`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1951 ../../c-api/init.rst:1953 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1955 +msgid "Function object being called." +msgstr "正在调用函数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1953 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1955 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_C_RETURN`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_C_RETURN`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1957 +msgid ":c:data:`PyTrace_OPCODE`" +msgstr ":c:data:`PyTrace_OPCODE`" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1962 +msgid "" +"The value of the *what* parameter to a :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` function when " +"a new call to a function or method is being reported, or a new entry into a " +"generator. Note that the creation of the iterator for a generator function " +"is not reported as there is no control transfer to the Python bytecode in " +"the corresponding frame." +msgstr "" +"当对一个函数或方法的新调用被报告，或是向一个生成器增加新条目时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数的 *what* 形参的值。 " +"请注意针对生成器函数的迭代器的创建情况不会被报告因为在相应的帧中没有向 Python字节码转移控制权。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1971 +msgid "" +"The value of the *what* parameter to a :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` function when " +"an exception has been raised. The callback function is called with this " +"value for *what* when after any bytecode is processed after which the " +"exception becomes set within the frame being executed. The effect of this " +"is that as exception propagation causes the Python stack to unwind, the " +"callback is called upon return to each frame as the exception propagates. " +"Only trace functions receives these events; they are not needed by the " +"profiler." +msgstr "" +"当一个异常被引发时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数的 *what* 形参的值。 在处理完任何字节码之后将附带 *what* " +"的值调用回调函数，在此之后该异常将会被设置在正在执行的帧中。 这样做的效果是当异常传播导致 Python " +"栈展开时，被调用的回调函数将随异常传播返回到每个帧。 只有跟踪函数才会接收到这些事件；性能分析器并不需要它们。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1982 +msgid "" +"The value passed as the *what* parameter to a :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` " +"function (but not a profiling function) when a line-number event is being " +"reported. It may be disabled for a frame by setting " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` to *0* on that frame." +msgstr "" +"当一个行编号事件被报告时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数 (但不会传给性能分析函数) 的 *what* 形参的值。 它可以通过将" +" :attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` 设为 *0* 在某个帧中被禁用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1990 +msgid "" +"The value for the *what* parameter to :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` functions when " +"a call is about to return." +msgstr "当一个调用即将返回时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数的 *what* 形参的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1996 +msgid "" +"The value for the *what* parameter to :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` functions when " +"a C function is about to be called." +msgstr "当一个 C 函数即将被调用时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数的 *what* 形参的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2002 +msgid "" +"The value for the *what* parameter to :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` functions when " +"a C function has raised an exception." +msgstr "当一个 C 函数引发异常时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数的 *what* 形参的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"The value for the *what* parameter to :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` functions when " +"a C function has returned." +msgstr "当一个 C 函数返回时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数的 *what* 形参的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2014 +msgid "" +"The value for the *what* parameter to :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` functions (but " +"not profiling functions) when a new opcode is about to be executed. This " +"event is not emitted by default: it must be explicitly requested by setting " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` to *1* on the frame." +msgstr "" +"当一个新操作码即将被执行时传给 :c:type:`Py_tracefunc` 函数 (但不会传给性能分析函数) 的 *what* 形参的值。 " +"在默认情况下此事件不会被发送：它必须通过在某个帧上将 :attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` 设为 *1* 来显式地请求。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2022 +msgid "" +"Set the profiler function to *func*. The *obj* parameter is passed to the " +"function as its first parameter, and may be any Python object, or ``NULL``." +" If the profile function needs to maintain state, using a different value " +"for *obj* for each thread provides a convenient and thread-safe place to " +"store it. The profile function is called for all monitored events except " +":c:data:`PyTrace_LINE` :c:data:`PyTrace_OPCODE` and " +":c:data:`PyTrace_EXCEPTION`." +msgstr "" +"将性能分析器函数设为 *func*。 *obj* 形参将作为第一个形参传给该函数，它可以是任意 Python 对象或为 ``NULL``。 " +"如果性能分析函数需要维护状态，则为每个线程的 *obj* 使用不同的值将提供一个方便而线程安全的存储位置。 这个性能分析函数将针对除 " +":c:data:`PyTrace_LINE` :c:data:`PyTrace_OPCODE` 和 " +":c:data:`PyTrace_EXCEPTION` 以外的所有被监控事件进行调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2029 +msgid "See also the :func:`sys.setprofile` function." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`sys.setprofile` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2031 ../../c-api/init.rst:2038 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2057 ../../c-api/init.rst:2064 +msgid "The caller must hold the :term:`GIL`." +msgstr "调用方必须持有 :term:`GIL`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2035 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` but sets the profile function in all " +"running threads belonging to the current interpreter instead of the setting " +"it only on the current thread." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` 但会在属于当前解释器的所有在运行线程中设置性能分析函数而不是仅在当前线程上设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2040 +msgid "" +"As :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile`, this function ignores any exceptions raised " +"while setting the profile functions in all threads." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` 一样，该函数会忽略任何被引发的异常同时在所有线程中设置性能分析函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2048 +msgid "" +"Set the tracing function to *func*. This is similar to " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile`, except the tracing function does receive line-" +"number events and per-opcode events, but does not receive any event related " +"to C function objects being called. Any trace function registered using " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` will not receive :c:data:`PyTrace_C_CALL`, " +":c:data:`PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION` or :c:data:`PyTrace_C_RETURN` as a value for " +"the *what* parameter." +msgstr "" +"将跟踪函数设为 *func*。 这类似于 " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile`，区别在于跟踪函数会接收行编号事件和操作码级事件，但不会接收与被调用的 C " +"函数对象相关的任何事件。 使用 :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` 注册的任何跟踪函数将不会接收 " +":c:data:`PyTrace_C_CALL`、:c:data:`PyTrace_C_EXCEPTION` 或 " +":c:data:`PyTrace_C_RETURN` 作为 *what* 形参的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2055 +msgid "See also the :func:`sys.settrace` function." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`sys.settrace` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2061 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` but sets the tracing function in all running " +"threads belonging to the current interpreter instead of the setting it only " +"on the current thread." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` 但会在属于当前解释器的所有在运行线程中设置跟踪函数而不是仅在当前线程上设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2066 +msgid "" +"As :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace`, this function ignores any exceptions raised " +"while setting the trace functions in all threads." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` 一样，该函数会忽略任何被引发的异常同时在所有线程中设置跟踪函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2072 +msgid "Reference tracing" +msgstr "引用追踪" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2078 +msgid "" +"The type of the trace function registered using " +":c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer`. The first parameter is a Python object that" +" has been just created (when **event** is set to " +":c:data:`PyRefTracer_CREATE`) or about to be destroyed (when **event** is " +"set to :c:data:`PyRefTracer_DESTROY`). The **data** argument is the opaque " +"pointer that was provided when :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` was called." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` 注册的追踪函数的类型。 第一个形参是刚创建（当 **event** 被设为 " +":c:data:`PyRefTracer_CREATE` 时）或将销毁（当 **event** 被设为 " +":c:data:`PyRefTracer_DESTROY` 时）的 Python 对象。 **data** 参数是当 " +":c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` 被调用时所提供的不透明指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2088 +msgid "" +"The value for the *event* parameter to :c:type:`PyRefTracer` functions when " +"a Python object has been created." +msgstr "当一个 Python 对象被创建时传给 :c:type:`PyRefTracer` 函数的 *event* 形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2093 +msgid "" +"The value for the *event* parameter to :c:type:`PyRefTracer` functions when " +"a Python object has been destroyed." +msgstr "当一个 Python 对象被销毁时传给 :c:type:`PyRefTracer` 函数的 *event* 形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2098 +msgid "" +"Register a reference tracer function. The function will be called when a new" +" Python has been created or when an object is going to be destroyed. If " +"**data** is provided it must be an opaque pointer that will be provided when" +" the tracer function is called. Return ``0`` on success. Set an exception " +"and return ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +"注册一个引用追踪函数。 该函数将在新的 Python 对象被创建或对象被销毁时被调用。 如果提供了 **data** " +"则它必须是一个当追踪函数被调用时所提供的不透明指针。 成功时返回 ``0``。 发生错误时将设置一个异常并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"Not that tracer functions **must not** create Python objects inside or " +"otherwise the call will be re-entrant. The tracer also **must not** clear " +"any existing exception or set an exception. The GIL will be held every time" +" the tracer function is called." +msgstr "" +"请注意该追踪函数 **不可** 在其内部创建 Python 对象否则调用将被重入。 该追踪器也 **不可** 清除任何现有异常或者设置异常。 " +"每次当追踪器被调用时都将持有 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2109 ../../c-api/init.rst:2120 +msgid "The GIL must be held when calling this function." +msgstr "当调用此函数时必须持有 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2115 +msgid "" +"Get the registered reference tracer function and the value of the opaque " +"data pointer that was registered when :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` was " +"called. If no tracer was registered this function will return NULL and will " +"set the **data** pointer to NULL." +msgstr "" +"获取已注册的引用追踪函数以及当 :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` 被调用时所注册的不透明数据指针的值。 " +"如果未注册任何追踪器则此函数将返回 NULL 并将 **data** 指针设为 NULL。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2127 +msgid "Advanced Debugger Support" +msgstr "高级调试器支持" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2132 +msgid "" +"These functions are only intended to be used by advanced debugging tools." +msgstr "这些函数仅供高级调试工具使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2137 +msgid "" +"Return the interpreter state object at the head of the list of all such " +"objects." +msgstr "将解释器状态对象返回到由所有此类对象组成的列表的开头。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2142 +msgid "Return the main interpreter state object." +msgstr "返回主解释器状态对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2147 +msgid "" +"Return the next interpreter state object after *interp* from the list of all" +" such objects." +msgstr "从由解释器状态对象组成的列表中返回 *interp* 之后的下一项。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2153 +msgid "" +"Return the pointer to the first :c:type:`PyThreadState` object in the list " +"of threads associated with the interpreter *interp*." +msgstr "在由与解释器 *interp* 相关联的线程组成的列表中返回指向第一个 :c:type:`PyThreadState` 对象的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2159 +msgid "" +"Return the next thread state object after *tstate* from the list of all such" +" objects belonging to the same :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` object." +msgstr "" +"从由属于同一个 :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` 对象的线程状态对象组成的列表中返回 *tstate* 之后的下一项。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2166 +msgid "Thread Local Storage Support" +msgstr "线程本地存储支持" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter provides low-level support for thread-local storage " +"(TLS) which wraps the underlying native TLS implementation to support the " +"Python-level thread local storage API (:class:`threading.local`). The " +"CPython C level APIs are similar to those offered by pthreads and Windows: " +"use a thread key and functions to associate a :c:expr:`void*` value per " +"thread." +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器提供也对线程本地存储 (TLS) 的低层级支持，它对下层的原生 TLS 实现进行了包装以支持 Python 层级的线程本地存储 " +"API (:class:`threading.local`)。 CPython 的 C 层级 API 与 pthreads 和 Windows " +"所提供的类似：使用一个线程键和函数来为每个线程关联一个 :c:expr:`void*` 值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2177 +msgid "" +"The GIL does *not* need to be held when calling these functions; they supply" +" their own locking." +msgstr "当调用这些函数时 *无须* 持有 GIL；它们会提供自己的锁机制。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2180 +msgid "" +"Note that :file:`Python.h` does not include the declaration of the TLS APIs," +" you need to include :file:`pythread.h` to use thread-local storage." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :file:`Python.h` 并不包括 TLS API 的声明，你需要包括 :file:`pythread.h` 来使用线程本地存储。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2184 +msgid "" +"None of these API functions handle memory management on behalf of the " +":c:expr:`void*` values. You need to allocate and deallocate them yourself. " +"If the :c:expr:`void*` values happen to be :c:expr:`PyObject*`, these " +"functions don't do refcount operations on them either." +msgstr "" +"这些 API 函数都不会为 :c:expr:`void*` 的值处理内存管理问题。 你需要自己分配和释放它们。 如果 :c:expr:`void*` " +"值碰巧为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`，这些函数也不会对它们执行引用计数操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2192 +msgid "Thread Specific Storage (TSS) API" +msgstr "线程专属存储 (TSS) API" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2194 +msgid "" +"TSS API is introduced to supersede the use of the existing TLS API within " +"the CPython interpreter. This API uses a new type :c:type:`Py_tss_t` " +"instead of :c:expr:`int` to represent thread keys." +msgstr "" +"引入 TSSAPI 是为了取代 CPython 解释器中现有 TLS API 的使用。 该 API 使用一个新类型 :c:type:`Py_tss_t`" +" 而不是 :c:expr:`int` 来表示线程键。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2200 +msgid "\"A New C-API for Thread-Local Storage in CPython\" (:pep:`539`)" +msgstr "\"A New C-API for Thread-Local Storage in CPython\" (:pep:`539`)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2205 +msgid "" +"This data structure represents the state of a thread key, the definition of " +"which may depend on the underlying TLS implementation, and it has an " +"internal field representing the key's initialization state. There are no " +"public members in this structure." +msgstr "该数据结构表示线程键的状态，其定义可能依赖于下层的 TLS 实现，并且它有一个表示键初始化状态的内部字段。 该结构体中不存在公有成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2210 +msgid "" +"When :ref:`Py_LIMITED_API ` is not defined, static allocation of " +"this type by :c:macro:`Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT` is allowed." +msgstr "" +"当未定义 :ref:`Py_LIMITED_API ` 时，允许由 :c:macro:`Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT` " +"执行此类型的静态分配。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2216 +msgid "" +"This macro expands to the initializer for :c:type:`Py_tss_t` variables. Note" +" that this macro won't be defined with :ref:`Py_LIMITED_API `." +msgstr "" +"这个宏将扩展为 :c:type:`Py_tss_t` 变量的初始化器。 请注意这个宏不会用 :ref:`Py_LIMITED_API `" +" 来定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2221 +msgid "Dynamic Allocation" +msgstr "动态分配" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2223 +msgid "" +"Dynamic allocation of the :c:type:`Py_tss_t`, required in extension modules " +"built with :ref:`Py_LIMITED_API `, where static allocation of this " +"type is not possible due to its implementation being opaque at build time." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_tss_t` 的动态分配，在使用 :ref:`Py_LIMITED_API ` " +"编译的扩展模块中是必须的，在这些模块由于此类型的实现在编译时是不透明的因此它不可能静态分配。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2230 +msgid "" +"Return a value which is the same state as a value initialized with " +":c:macro:`Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT`, or ``NULL`` in the case of dynamic allocation " +"failure." +msgstr "" +"返回一个与使用 :c:macro:`Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT` 初始化的值的状态相同的值，或者当动态分配失败时则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2237 +msgid "" +"Free the given *key* allocated by :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`, after first " +"calling :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` to ensure any associated thread locals" +" have been unassigned. This is a no-op if the *key* argument is ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"在首次调用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` 以确保任何相关联的线程局部变量已被撤销赋值之后释放由 " +":c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc` 所分配的给定的 *key*。 如果 *key* 参数为 ``NULL`` 则这将无任何操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2243 +msgid "" +"A freed key becomes a dangling pointer. You should reset the key to " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "被释放的 key 将变成一个悬空指针。 你应当将 key 重置为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2248 +msgid "Methods" +msgstr "方法" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2250 +msgid "" +"The parameter *key* of these functions must not be ``NULL``. Moreover, the " +"behaviors of :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set` and :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get` are " +"undefined if the given :c:type:`Py_tss_t` has not been initialized by " +":c:func:`PyThread_tss_create`." +msgstr "" +"这些函数的形参 *key* 不可为 ``NULL``。 并且，如果给定的 :c:type:`Py_tss_t` 还未被 " +":c:func:`PyThread_tss_create` 初始化则 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set` 和 " +":c:func:`PyThread_tss_get` 的行为将是未定义的。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2258 +msgid "" +"Return a non-zero value if the given :c:type:`Py_tss_t` has been initialized" +" by :c:func:`PyThread_tss_create`." +msgstr "" +"如果给定的 :c:type:`Py_tss_t` 已通过has been initialized by " +":c:func:`PyThread_tss_create` 被初始化则返回一个非零值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2264 +msgid "" +"Return a zero value on successful initialization of a TSS key. The behavior" +" is undefined if the value pointed to by the *key* argument is not " +"initialized by :c:macro:`Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT`. This function can be called " +"repeatedly on the same key -- calling it on an already initialized key is a " +"no-op and immediately returns success." +msgstr "" +"当成功初始化一个 TSS 键时将返回零值。 如果 *key* 参数所指向的值未被 :c:macro:`Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT` " +"初始化则其行为是未定义的。 此函数可在相同的键上重复调用 -- 在已初始化的键上调用它将不执行任何操作并立即成功返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2273 +msgid "" +"Destroy a TSS key to forget the values associated with the key across all " +"threads, and change the key's initialization state to uninitialized. A " +"destroyed key is able to be initialized again by " +":c:func:`PyThread_tss_create`. This function can be called repeatedly on the" +" same key -- calling it on an already destroyed key is a no-op." +msgstr "" +"销毁一个 TSS 键以便在所有线程中遗忘与该键相关联的值，并将该键的初始化状态改为未初始化的。 已销毁的键可以通过 " +":c:func:`PyThread_tss_create` 再次被初始化。 此函数可以在同一个键上重复调用 -- 但在一个已被销毁的键上调用将是无效的。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2282 +msgid "" +"Return a zero value to indicate successfully associating a :c:expr:`void*` " +"value with a TSS key in the current thread. Each thread has a distinct " +"mapping of the key to a :c:expr:`void*` value." +msgstr "" +"返回零值来表示成功将一个 :c:expr:`void*` 值与当前线程中的 TSS 键相关联。 每个线程都有一个从键到 :c:expr:`void*` " +"值的独立映射。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2289 +msgid "" +"Return the :c:expr:`void*` value associated with a TSS key in the current " +"thread. This returns ``NULL`` if no value is associated with the key in the" +" current thread." +msgstr "" +"返回当前线程中与一个 TSS 键相关联的 :c:expr:`void*` 值。 如果当前线程中没有与该键相关联的值则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2297 +msgid "Thread Local Storage (TLS) API" +msgstr "线程本地存储 (TLS) API" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"This API is superseded by :ref:`Thread Specific Storage (TSS) API `." +msgstr "此 API 已被 :ref:`线程专属存储 (TSS) API ` 所取代。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2304 +msgid "" +"This version of the API does not support platforms where the native TLS key " +"is defined in a way that cannot be safely cast to ``int``. On such " +"platforms, :c:func:`PyThread_create_key` will return immediately with a " +"failure status, and the other TLS functions will all be no-ops on such " +"platforms." +msgstr "" +"这个 API 版本不支持原生 TLS 键采用无法被安全转换为 ``int`` 的的定义方式的平台。 " +"在这样的平台上，:c:func:`PyThread_create_key` 将立即返回一个失败状态，并且其他 TLS 函数在这样的平台上也都无效。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2309 +msgid "" +"Due to the compatibility problem noted above, this version of the API should" +" not be used in new code." +msgstr "由于上面提到的兼容性问题，不应在新代码中使用此版本的API。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2320 +msgid "Synchronization Primitives" +msgstr "同步原语" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2322 +msgid "The C-API provides a basic mutual exclusion lock." +msgstr "C-API 提供了一个基本的互斥锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2326 +msgid "" +"A mutual exclusion lock. The :c:type:`!PyMutex` should be initialized to " +"zero to represent the unlocked state. For example::" +msgstr "一个互斥锁。 :c:type:`!PyMutex` 应当被初始化为零以代表未加锁状态。 例如::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2329 +msgid "PyMutex mutex = {0};" +msgstr "PyMutex mutex = {0};" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2331 +msgid "" +"Instances of :c:type:`!PyMutex` should not be copied or moved. Both the " +"contents and address of a :c:type:`!PyMutex` are meaningful, and it must " +"remain at a fixed, writable location in memory." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`!PyMutex` 的实例不应被拷贝或移动。 :c:type:`!PyMutex` " +"的内容和地址都是有意义的，它必须在内存中保持一个固定的、可写的位置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2337 +msgid "" +"A :c:type:`!PyMutex` currently occupies one byte, but the size should be " +"considered unstable. The size may change in future Python releases without " +"a deprecation period." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`!PyMutex` 目前占用一个字节，但这个大小应当被视为是不稳定的。 这个大小可能在未来的 Python " +"发布版中发生改变而不会设置弃用期。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2345 +msgid "" +"Lock mutex *m*. If another thread has already locked it, the calling thread" +" will block until the mutex is unlocked. While blocked, the thread will " +"temporarily release the :term:`GIL` if it is held." +msgstr "" +"锁定互斥锁 *m*。 如果另一个线程已经锁定了它，调用方线程将阻塞直至互斥锁被解锁。 在阻塞期间，如果线程持有 :term:`GIL` 则会临时释放它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2353 +msgid "" +"Unlock mutex *m*. The mutex must be locked --- otherwise, the function will " +"issue a fatal error." +msgstr "解锁互斥锁 *m*。 该互斥锁必须已被锁定 --- 否则，此函数将发生致命错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2361 +msgid "Python Critical Section API" +msgstr "Python 关键节 API" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2363 +msgid "" +"The critical section API provides a deadlock avoidance layer on top of per-" +"object locks for :term:`free-threaded ` CPython. They are " +"intended to replace reliance on the :term:`global interpreter lock`, and are" +" no-ops in versions of Python with the global interpreter lock." +msgstr "" +"此关键节 API 为 :term:`自由线程 ` CPython 的每对象锁之上提供了一个死锁避免层。 它们旨在替代对 " +":term:`global interpreter lock` 的依赖，而在具有全局解释器锁的 Python 版本上将不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2368 +msgid "" +"Critical sections avoid deadlocks by implicitly suspending active critical " +"sections and releasing the locks during calls to " +":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread`. When :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread` is called, " +"the most recent critical section is resumed, and its locks reacquired. This" +" means the critical section API provides weaker guarantees than traditional " +"locks -- they are useful because their behavior is similar to the " +":term:`GIL`." +msgstr "" +"关键节机制通过在调用 :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` 期间隐式地挂起活动的关键节并释放锁来避免死锁。 当 " +":c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread` 被调用时，最近的关键节将被恢复，并重新获取它的锁。 这意味着关键节 API " +"提供了与传统锁相比更弱的保证 -- 它们有用是因为它们的行为与 :term:`GIL` 类似。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2375 +msgid "" +"The functions and structs used by the macros are exposed for cases where C " +"macros are not available. They should only be used as in the given macro " +"expansions. Note that the sizes and contents of the structures may change in" +" future Python versions." +msgstr "" +"宏所使用的函数和结构体是针对 C 宏不可用的场景而公开的。 它们应当仅被用于给定的宏扩展中。 请注意这些结构体的大小和内容在未来的 Python " +"版本中可能发生改变。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2382 +msgid "" +"Operations that need to lock two objects at once must use " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2`. You *cannot* use nested critical " +"sections to lock more than one object at once, because the inner critical " +"section may suspend the outer critical sections. This API does not provide " +"a way to lock more than two objects at once." +msgstr "" +"需要同时锁定两个对象的操作必须使用 :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION2`。 你 *不可* " +"使用嵌套的关键节来同时锁定一个以上的对象，因为内层的关键节可能会挂起外层的关键节。 这个 API 没有提供同时锁定两个以上对象的办法。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2388 +msgid "Example usage::" +msgstr "用法示例::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2390 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"set_field(MyObject *self, PyObject *value)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->field, Py_XNewRef(value));\n" +" Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();\n" +" Py_RETURN_NONE;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"set_field(MyObject *self, PyObject *value)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self);\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->field, Py_XNewRef(value));\n" +" Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();\n" +" Py_RETURN_NONE;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2399 +msgid "" +"In the above example, :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` calls :c:macro:`Py_DECREF`, which" +" can call arbitrary code through an object's deallocation function. The " +"critical section API avoids potential deadlocks due to reentrancy and lock " +"ordering by allowing the runtime to temporarily suspend the critical section" +" if the code triggered by the finalizer blocks and calls " +":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread`." +msgstr "" +"在上面的例子中，:c:macro:`Py_SETREF` 调用了 " +":c:macro:`Py_DECREF`，它可以通过一个对象的取消分配函数来调用任意代码。 当由最终化器触发的代码发生阻塞并调用 " +":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` 时关键节 API 将通过允许运行临时挂起关键节来避免由于重入和锁顺序导致的潜在死锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2407 +msgid "" +"Acquires the per-object lock for the object *op* and begins a critical " +"section." +msgstr "为对象 *op* 获取每对象锁并开始一个关键节。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2410 ../../c-api/init.rst:2424 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2439 ../../c-api/init.rst:2453 +msgid "In the free-threaded build, this macro expands to::" +msgstr "在自由线程构建版中，该宏将扩展为::" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2412 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" PyCriticalSection _py_cs;\n" +" PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_py_cs, (PyObject*)(op))" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" PyCriticalSection _py_cs;\n" +" PyCriticalSection_Begin(&_py_cs, (PyObject*)(op))" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2416 ../../c-api/init.rst:2445 +msgid "In the default build, this macro expands to ``{``." +msgstr "在默认构建版中，该宏将扩展为 ``{``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2422 +msgid "Ends the critical section and releases the per-object lock." +msgstr "结束关键节并释放每对象锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2426 +msgid "" +" PyCriticalSection_End(&_py_cs);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +" PyCriticalSection_End(&_py_cs);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2429 ../../c-api/init.rst:2458 +msgid "In the default build, this macro expands to ``}``." +msgstr "在默认构建版中，该宏将扩展为 ``}``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2435 +msgid "" +"Acquires the per-objects locks for the objects *a* and *b* and begins a " +"critical section. The locks are acquired in a consistent order (lowest " +"address first) to avoid lock ordering deadlocks." +msgstr "为对象 *a* 和 *b* 获取每对象锁并开始一个关键节。 这些锁是按连续顺序获取的（最低的地址在最前）以避免锁顺序列死锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2441 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" PyCriticalSection2 _py_cs2;\n" +" PyCriticalSection2_Begin(&_py_cs2, (PyObject*)(a), (PyObject*)(b))" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" PyCriticalSection2 _py_cs2;\n" +" PyCriticalSection2_Begin(&_py_cs2, (PyObject*)(a), (PyObject*)(b))" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2451 +msgid "Ends the critical section and releases the per-object locks." +msgstr "结束关键节并释放每对象锁。" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:2455 +msgid "" +" PyCriticalSection2_End(&_py_cs2);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +" PyCriticalSection2_End(&_py_cs2);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 +msgid "PyEval_InitThreads()" +msgstr "PyEval_InitThreads()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 +msgid "modules (in module sys)" +msgstr "modules (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:710 +msgid "path (in module sys)" +msgstr "path (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:710 ../../c-api/init.rst:1145 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1658 ../../c-api/init.rst:1757 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:1658 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1757 +msgid "builtins" +msgstr "builtins" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:1658 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1757 +msgid "__main__" +msgstr "__main__" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:1658 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1757 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:710 +msgid "search" +msgstr "搜索" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:710 +msgid "path" +msgstr "path" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:350 ../../c-api/init.rst:1722 +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1775 +msgid "Py_FinalizeEx (C function)" +msgstr "Py_FinalizeEx (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:576 +msgid "Py_Initialize()" +msgstr "Py_Initialize()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:576 ../../c-api/init.rst:808 +msgid "main()" +msgstr "main()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:576 +msgid "Py_GetPath()" +msgstr "Py_GetPath()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:689 +msgid "executable (in module sys)" +msgstr "executable (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:743 ../../c-api/init.rst:785 ../../c-api/init.rst:799 +msgid "version (in module sys)" +msgstr "version (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:755 +msgid "platform (in module sys)" +msgstr "platform (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:772 +msgid "copyright (in module sys)" +msgstr "copyright (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:808 +msgid "Py_FatalError()" +msgstr "Py_FatalError()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:808 +msgid "argv (in module sys)" +msgstr "argv (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:928 +msgid "global interpreter lock" +msgstr "global interpreter lock -- 全局解释器锁" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:928 +msgid "interpreter lock" +msgstr "解释器锁" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:928 +msgid "lock, interpreter" +msgstr "锁，解释器" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:941 +msgid "setswitchinterval (in module sys)" +msgstr "setswitchinterval (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:950 +msgid "PyThreadState (C type)" +msgstr "PyThreadState (C 类型)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:976 +msgid "Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS (C macro)" +msgstr "Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:976 +msgid "Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS (C macro)" +msgstr "Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:992 +msgid "PyEval_RestoreThread (C function)" +msgstr "PyEval_RestoreThread (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:992 +msgid "PyEval_SaveThread (C function)" +msgstr "PyEval_SaveThread (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1123 +msgid "PyEval_AcquireThread()" +msgstr "PyEval_AcquireThread()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1123 +msgid "PyEval_ReleaseThread()" +msgstr "PyEval_ReleaseThread()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1123 +msgid "PyEval_SaveThread()" +msgstr "PyEval_SaveThread()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1123 +msgid "PyEval_RestoreThread()" +msgstr "PyEval_RestoreThread()" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1145 +msgid "_thread" +msgstr "_thread" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1658 ../../c-api/init.rst:1757 +msgid "stdout (in module sys)" +msgstr "stdout (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1658 ../../c-api/init.rst:1757 +msgid "stderr (in module sys)" +msgstr "stderr (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1658 ../../c-api/init.rst:1757 +msgid "stdin (in module sys)" +msgstr "stdin (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1722 +msgid "Py_Initialize (C function)" +msgstr "Py_Initialize (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/init.rst:1752 +msgid "close (in module os)" +msgstr "close (在 os 模块中)" diff --git a/c-api/init_config.po b/c-api/init_config.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1dbac16c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/init_config.po @@ -0,0 +1,2795 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# meowmeowcat , 2021 +# Lu , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:7 +msgid "Python Initialization Configuration" +msgstr "Python初始化配置" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Python can be initialized with :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` and the " +":c:type:`PyConfig` structure. It can be preinitialized with " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` and the :c:type:`PyPreConfig` structure." +msgstr "" +"Python 可以使用 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 和 :c:type:`PyConfig` 结构体来初始化。 " +"它可以使用 :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` 和 :c:type:`PyPreConfig` 结构体来预初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:15 +msgid "There are two kinds of configuration:" +msgstr "有两种配置方式：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`Python Configuration ` can be used to build a " +"customized Python which behaves as the regular Python. For example, " +"environment variables and command line arguments are used to configure " +"Python." +msgstr "" +":ref:`Python 配置 ` 可被用于构建一个定制的 Python，其行为与常规 Python 类似。 " +"例如，环境变量和命令行参数可被用于配置 Python。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`Isolated Configuration ` can be used to embed " +"Python into an application. It isolates Python from the system. For example," +" environment variables are ignored, the LC_CTYPE locale is left unchanged " +"and no signal handler is registered." +msgstr "" +":ref:`隔离配置 ` 可被用于将 Python 嵌入到应用程序。 它将 Python 与系统隔离开来。 " +"例如，环境变量将被忽略，LC_CTYPE 语言区域设置保持不变并且不会注册任何信号处理器。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_RunMain` function can be used to write a customized Python " +"program." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_RunMain` 函数可被用来编写定制的 Python 程序。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:30 +msgid "" +"See also :ref:`Initialization, Finalization, and Threads `." +msgstr "参见 :ref:`Initialization, Finalization, and Threads `." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:33 +msgid ":pep:`587` \"Python Initialization Configuration\"." +msgstr ":pep:`587` \"Python 初始化配置\"." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:37 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:39 +msgid "Example of customized Python always running in isolated mode::" +msgstr "定制的 Python 的示例总是会以隔离模式运行::" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:41 +msgid "" +"int main(int argc, char **argv)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +" config.isolated = 1;\n" +"\n" +" /* Decode command line arguments.\n" +" Implicitly preinitialize Python (in isolated mode). */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(&config, argc, argv);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +" return Py_RunMain();\n" +"\n" +"exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_IsExit(status)) {\n" +" return status.exitcode;\n" +" }\n" +" /* Display the error message and exit the process with\n" +" non-zero exit code */\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"int main(int argc, char **argv)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +" config.isolated = 1;\n" +"\n" +" /* 解码命令行参数。\n" +" 隐式地预初始化 Python (隔离模式)。 */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(&config, argc, argv);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +" return Py_RunMain();\n" +"\n" +"exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_IsExit(status)) {\n" +" return status.exitcode;\n" +" }\n" +" /* 显示错误消息然后退出进程\n" +" 并设置非零值退出码 */\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:76 +msgid "PyWideStringList" +msgstr "PyWideStringList" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:80 +msgid "List of ``wchar_t*`` strings." +msgstr "由 ``wchar_t*`` 字符串组成的列表。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:82 +msgid "" +"If *length* is non-zero, *items* must be non-``NULL`` and all strings must " +"be non-``NULL``." +msgstr "如果 *length* 为非零值，则 *items* 必须不为 ``NULL`` 并且所有字符串均必须不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:87 +msgid "Methods:" +msgstr "方法" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:91 +msgid "Append *item* to *list*." +msgstr "将 *item* 添加到 *list*。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:93 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:104 +msgid "Python must be preinitialized to call this function." +msgstr "Python 必须被预初始化以便调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:97 +msgid "Insert *item* into *list* at *index*." +msgstr "将 *item* 插入到 *list* 的 *index* 位置上。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:99 +msgid "" +"If *index* is greater than or equal to *list* length, append *item* to " +"*list*." +msgstr "如果 *index* 大于等于 *list* 的长度，则将 *item* 添加到 *list*。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:102 +msgid "*index* must be greater than or equal to ``0``." +msgstr "*index* 必须大于等于 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:108 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:128 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:235 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:554 +msgid "Structure fields:" +msgstr "结构体字段:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:112 +msgid "List length." +msgstr "List 长度。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:116 +msgid "List items." +msgstr "列表项目。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:119 +msgid "PyStatus" +msgstr "PyStatus" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Structure to store an initialization function status: success, error or " +"exit." +msgstr "存储初始函数状态：成功、错误或退出的结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:126 +msgid "" +"For an error, it can store the C function name which created the error." +msgstr "对于错误，它可以存储造成错误的 C 函数的名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:132 +msgid "Exit code. Argument passed to ``exit()``." +msgstr "退出码。 传给 ``exit()`` 的参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:136 +msgid "Error message." +msgstr "错误信息" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:140 +msgid "Name of the function which created an error, can be ``NULL``." +msgstr "造成错误的函数的名称，可以为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:144 +msgid "Functions to create a status:" +msgstr "创建状态的函数:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:148 +msgid "Success." +msgstr "完成。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:152 +msgid "Initialization error with a message." +msgstr "带消息的初始化错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:154 +msgid "*err_msg* must not be ``NULL``." +msgstr "*err_msg* 不可为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:158 +msgid "Memory allocation failure (out of memory)." +msgstr "内存分配失败（内存不足）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:162 +msgid "Exit Python with the specified exit code." +msgstr "以指定的退出代码退出 Python。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:164 +msgid "Functions to handle a status:" +msgstr "处理状态的函数:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Is the status an error or an exit? If true, the exception must be handled; " +"by calling :c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException` for example." +msgstr "状态为错误还是退出？如为真值，则异常必须被处理；例如通过调用 :c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:173 +msgid "Is the result an error?" +msgstr "结果错误吗？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:177 +msgid "Is the result an exit?" +msgstr "结果是否退出？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Call ``exit(exitcode)`` if *status* is an exit. Print the error message and " +"exit with a non-zero exit code if *status* is an error. Must only be called" +" if ``PyStatus_Exception(status)`` is non-zero." +msgstr "" +"如果 *status* 是一个退出码则调用 ``exit(exitcode)``。如果 *status* " +"是一个错误码则打印错误消息并设置一个非零退出码再退出。 必须在 ``PyStatus_Exception(status)`` 为非零值时才能被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Internally, Python uses macros which set ``PyStatus.func``, whereas " +"functions to create a status set ``func`` to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"在内部，Python 将使用设置 ``PyStatus.func`` 的宏，而创建状态的函数则会将 ``func`` 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:189 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:191 +msgid "" +"PyStatus alloc(void **ptr, size_t size)\n" +"{\n" +" *ptr = PyMem_RawMalloc(size);\n" +" if (*ptr == NULL) {\n" +" return PyStatus_NoMemory();\n" +" }\n" +" return PyStatus_Ok();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"int main(int argc, char **argv)\n" +"{\n" +" void *ptr;\n" +" PyStatus status = alloc(&ptr, 16);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +" }\n" +" PyMem_Free(ptr);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyStatus alloc(void **ptr, size_t size)\n" +"{\n" +" *ptr = PyMem_RawMalloc(size);\n" +" if (*ptr == NULL) {\n" +" return PyStatus_NoMemory();\n" +" }\n" +" return PyStatus_Ok();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"int main(int argc, char **argv)\n" +"{\n" +" void *ptr;\n" +" PyStatus status = alloc(&ptr, 16);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +" }\n" +" PyMem_Free(ptr);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:213 +msgid "PyPreConfig" +msgstr "PyPreConfig" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:217 +msgid "Structure used to preinitialize Python." +msgstr "用于预初始化 Python 的结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:221 +msgid "Function to initialize a preconfiguration:" +msgstr "用于初始化预先配置的函数:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Initialize the preconfiguration with :ref:`Python Configuration `." +msgstr "通过 :ref:`Python 配置 ` 来初始化预先配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Initialize the preconfiguration with :ref:`Isolated Configuration `." +msgstr "通过 :ref:`隔离配置 ` 来初始化预先配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:239 +msgid "Name of the Python memory allocators:" +msgstr "Python 内存分配器名称:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:241 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET`` (``0``): don't change memory allocators (use " +"defaults)." +msgstr "``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET`` (``0``): 不改变内存分配器 (使用默认)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:243 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT`` (``1``): :ref:`default memory allocators " +"`." +msgstr "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT`` (``1``): :ref:`默认内存分配器 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:245 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG`` (``2``): :ref:`default memory allocators ` with :ref:`debug hooks `." +msgstr "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG`` (``2``): :ref:`默认内存分配器 ` 附带 :ref:`调试钩子 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:248 +msgid "``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC`` (``3``): use ``malloc()`` of the C library." +msgstr "``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC`` (``3``): 使用 C 库的 ``malloc()``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:249 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC_DEBUG`` (``4``): force usage of ``malloc()`` with " +":ref:`debug hooks `." +msgstr "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC_DEBUG`` (``4``): 强制使用 ``malloc()`` 附带 :ref:`调试钩子 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:251 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC`` (``5``): :ref:`Python pymalloc memory allocator" +" `." +msgstr "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC`` (``5``): :ref:`Python pymalloc 内存分配器 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:253 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG`` (``6``): :ref:`Python pymalloc memory " +"allocator ` with :ref:`debug hooks `." +msgstr "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG`` (``6``): :ref:`Python pymalloc 内存分配器 " +"` 附带 :ref:`调试钩子 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:256 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC`` (``6``): use ``mimalloc``, a fast malloc " +"replacement." +msgstr "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC`` (``6``): 使用 ``mimalloc``，一个快速的 malloc 替代。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:258 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC_DEBUG`` (``7``): use ``mimalloc``, a fast malloc " +"replacement with :ref:`debug hooks `." +msgstr "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC_DEBUG`` (``7``): 使用 ``mimalloc``，一个快速的 malloc " +"替代，它带有 :ref:`调试钩子 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:262 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC`` and ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG`` are not " +"supported if Python is :option:`configured using --without-pymalloc " +"<--without-pymalloc>`." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 是 :option:`使用 --without-pymalloc 进行配置 <--without-pymalloc>` 则 " +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC`` 和 ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG`` 将不被支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:266 +msgid "" +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC`` and ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC_DEBUG`` are not " +"supported if Python is :option:`configured using --without-mimalloc " +"<--without-mimalloc>` or if the underlying atomic support isn't available." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 是 :option:`使用 --without-mimalloc 进行配置 <--without-mimalloc>` " +"或者如果下层的原子化支持不可用则 ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC`` 和 " +"``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MIMALLOC_DEBUG`` 将不被支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:271 +msgid "See :ref:`Memory Management `." +msgstr "参见 :ref:`Memory Management `." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:273 +msgid "Default: ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET``." +msgstr "默认值: ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:277 +msgid "Set the LC_CTYPE locale to the user preferred locale." +msgstr "将 LC_CTYPE 语言区域设为用户选择的语言区域。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:279 +msgid "" +"If equals to ``0``, set :c:member:`~PyPreConfig.coerce_c_locale` and " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.coerce_c_locale_warn` members to ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果等于 ``0``，则将 :c:member:`~PyPreConfig.coerce_c_locale` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.coerce_c_locale_warn` 的成员设为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:282 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:293 +msgid "See the :term:`locale encoding`." +msgstr "参见 :term:`locale encoding`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:284 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:339 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:710 +msgid "Default: ``1`` in Python config, ``0`` in isolated config." +msgstr "默认值: 在 Python 配置中为 ``1``，在隔离配置中为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:288 +msgid "If equals to ``2``, coerce the C locale." +msgstr "如果等于 ``2``，强制转换 C 语言区域。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:290 +msgid "" +"If equals to ``1``, read the LC_CTYPE locale to decide if it should be " +"coerced." +msgstr "如果等于 ``1``，则读取 LC_CTYPE 语言区域来确定其是否应当被强制转换。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:295 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:301 +msgid "Default: ``-1`` in Python config, ``0`` in isolated config." +msgstr "默认值: 在 Python 配置中为 ``-1``，在隔离配置中为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:299 +msgid "If non-zero, emit a warning if the C locale is coerced." +msgstr "如为非零值，则会在 C 语言区域被强制转换时发出警告。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:305 +msgid "" +":ref:`Python Development Mode `: see :c:member:`PyConfig.dev_mode`." +msgstr ":ref:`Python 开发模式 `: 参见 :c:member:`PyConfig.dev_mode`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:308 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:719 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:765 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1244 +msgid "Default: ``-1`` in Python mode, ``0`` in isolated mode." +msgstr "默认值: 在 Python 模式中为 ``-1``，在隔离模式中为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:312 +msgid "Isolated mode: see :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`." +msgstr "隔离模式：参见 :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:314 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:921 +msgid "Default: ``0`` in Python mode, ``1`` in isolated mode." +msgstr "默认值: 在 Python 模式中为 ``0``，在隔离模式中为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:318 +msgid "If non-zero:" +msgstr "如为非零值:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:320 +msgid "Set :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` to ``0``," +msgstr "设置 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` 为 ``0``," + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:321 +msgid "Set :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` to ``\"mbcs\"``," +msgstr "设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` 为 ``\"mbcs\"``," + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:322 +msgid "Set :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` to ``\"replace\"``." +msgstr "设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` 为 ``\"replace\"``." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Initialized from the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment " +"variable value." +msgstr "基于 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量值完成初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:327 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Only available on Windows. ``#ifdef MS_WINDOWS`` macro can be used for " +"Windows specific code." +msgstr "仅在 Windows 上可用。 ``#ifdef MS_WINDOWS`` 宏可被用于 Windows 专属的代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:330 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:658 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:665 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:732 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:843 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:857 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:871 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:938 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:952 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1012 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1064 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1126 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1180 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1209 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1298 +msgid "Default: ``0``." +msgstr "默认值: ``0``." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:334 +msgid "" +"If non-zero, :c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromArgs` and " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs` parse their ``argv`` argument the " +"same way the regular Python parses command line arguments: see :ref:`Command" +" Line Arguments `." +msgstr "" +"如为非零值，:c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromArgs` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs` 将以与常规 Python 解析命令行参数的相同方式解析其 " +"``argv`` 参数：参见 :ref:`命令行参数 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:343 +msgid "" +"Use :ref:`environment variables `? See " +":c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :ref:`环境变量 `? 参见 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:346 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1272 +msgid "Default: ``1`` in Python config and ``0`` in isolated config." +msgstr "默认值: 在 Python 配置中为 ``1`` 而在隔离配置中为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:350 +msgid "If non-zero, enable the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `." +msgstr "如为非零值，则启用 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:352 +msgid "" +"Set to ``0`` or ``1`` by the :option:`-X utf8 <-X>` command line option and " +"the :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-X utf8 <-X>` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` 环境变量设为 ``0`` 或 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:355 +msgid "Also set to ``1`` if the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale is ``C`` or ``POSIX``." +msgstr "如果 ``LC_CTYPE`` 语言区域为 ``C`` 或 ``POSIX`` 也会被设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:357 +msgid "Default: ``-1`` in Python config and ``0`` in isolated config." +msgstr "默认值: 在 Python 配置中为 ``-1`` 而在隔离配置中为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:363 +msgid "Preinitialize Python with PyPreConfig" +msgstr "使用 PyPreConfig 预初始化 Python" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:365 +msgid "The preinitialization of Python:" +msgstr "Python 的预初始化:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:367 +msgid "Set the Python memory allocators (:c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator`)" +msgstr "设置 Python 内存分配器 (:c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator`)" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:368 +msgid "Configure the LC_CTYPE locale (:term:`locale encoding`)" +msgstr "配置 LC_CTYPE 语言区域 (:term:`locale encoding`)" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Set the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode ` " +"(:c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`)" +msgstr "" +"设置 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` (:c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`)" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:372 +msgid "" +"The current preconfiguration (``PyPreConfig`` type) is stored in " +"``_PyRuntime.preconfig``." +msgstr "当前的预配置 (``PyPreConfig`` 类型) 保存在 ``_PyRuntime.preconfig`` 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:375 +msgid "Functions to preinitialize Python:" +msgstr "用于预初始化 Python 的函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:379 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:385 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:394 +msgid "Preinitialize Python from *preconfig* preconfiguration." +msgstr "根据 *preconfig* 预配置来预初始化 Python。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:381 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:390 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:399 +msgid "*preconfig* must not be ``NULL``." +msgstr "*preconfig* 不可为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Parse *argv* command line arguments (bytes strings) if " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.parse_argv` of *preconfig* is non-zero." +msgstr "" +"如果 *preconfig* 的 :c:member:`~PyPreConfig.parse_argv` 为非零值则解析 *argv* " +"命令行参数（字节串）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Parse *argv* command line arguments (wide strings) if " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.parse_argv` of *preconfig* is non-zero." +msgstr "" +"如果 *preconfig* 的 :c:member:`~PyPreConfig.parse_argv` 为非零值则解析 *argv* " +"命令行参数（宽字符串）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:401 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1359 +msgid "" +"The caller is responsible to handle exceptions (error or exit) using " +":c:func:`PyStatus_Exception` and :c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`." +msgstr "" +"调用方要负责使用 :c:func:`PyStatus_Exception` 和 :c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException` " +"来处理异常（错误或退出）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:404 +msgid "" +"For :ref:`Python Configuration ` " +"(:c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig`), if Python is initialized with " +"command line arguments, the command line arguments must also be passed to " +"preinitialize Python, since they have an effect on the pre-configuration " +"like encodings. For example, the :option:`-X utf8 <-X>` command line option " +"enables the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `." +msgstr "" +"对于 :ref:`Python 配置 ` " +"(:c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig`)，如果 Python 是用命令行参数初始化的，那么在预初始化 " +"Python 时也必须传递命令行参数，因为它们会对编码格式等预配置产生影响。 例如，:option:`-X utf8<-X>` 命令行选项将启用 " +":ref:`Python UTF-8 模式`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:411 +msgid "" +"``PyMem_SetAllocator()`` can be called after :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` and " +"before :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to install a custom memory " +"allocator. It can be called before :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` if " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator` is set to ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET``." +msgstr "" +"``PyMem_SetAllocator()`` 可在 :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` " +"之后、:c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 之前被调用以安装自定义的内存分配器。 如果 " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator` 被设为 ``PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET`` 则可在 " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` 之前被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Python memory allocation functions like :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` must not " +"be used before the Python preinitialization, whereas calling directly " +"``malloc()`` and ``free()`` is always safe. :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` must " +"not be called before the Python preinitialization." +msgstr "" +"像 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 这样的 Python 内存分配函数不能在 Python 预初始化之前使用，而直接调用 " +"``malloc()`` 和 ``free()`` 则始终会是安全的。 :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 不能在 Python " +"预初始化之前被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:421 +msgid "" +"Example using the preinitialization to enable the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode " +"`::" +msgstr "使用预初始化来启用 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` 的例子::" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:424 +msgid "" +"PyStatus status;\n" +"PyPreConfig preconfig;\n" +"PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(&preconfig);\n" +"\n" +"preconfig.utf8_mode = 1;\n" +"\n" +"status = Py_PreInitialize(&preconfig);\n" +"if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/* at this point, Python speaks UTF-8 */\n" +"\n" +"Py_Initialize();\n" +"/* ... use Python API here ... */\n" +"Py_Finalize();" +msgstr "" +"PyStatus status;\n" +"PyPreConfig preconfig;\n" +"PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(&preconfig);\n" +"\n" +"preconfig.utf8_mode = 1;\n" +"\n" +"status = Py_PreInitialize(&preconfig);\n" +"if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/* 此时，Python 将使用 UTF-8 */\n" +"\n" +"Py_Initialize();\n" +"/* ... 在此使用 Python API ... */\n" +"Py_Finalize();" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:443 +msgid "PyConfig" +msgstr "PyConfig" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:447 +msgid "Structure containing most parameters to configure Python." +msgstr "包含了大部分用于配置 Python 的形参的结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:449 +msgid "" +"When done, the :c:func:`PyConfig_Clear` function must be used to release the" +" configuration memory." +msgstr "在完成后，必须使用 :c:func:`PyConfig_Clear` 函数来释放配置内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:454 +msgid "Structure methods:" +msgstr "结构体方法:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Initialize configuration with the :ref:`Python Configuration `." +msgstr "通过 :ref:`Python 配置 ` 来初始化配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Initialize configuration with the :ref:`Isolated Configuration `." +msgstr "通过 :ref:`隔离配置 ` 来初始化配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:468 +msgid "Copy the wide character string *str* into ``*config_str``." +msgstr "将宽字符串 *str* 拷贝至 ``*config_str``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:470 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:477 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:484 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:492 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:498 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:515 +msgid ":ref:`Preinitialize Python ` if needed." +msgstr "在必要时 :ref:`预初始化 Python `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:474 +msgid "" +"Decode *str* using :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` and set the result into " +"``*config_str``." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 对 *str* 进行解码并将结果设置到 ``*config_str``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:481 +msgid "" +"Set command line arguments (:c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` member of *config*) " +"from the *argv* list of wide character strings." +msgstr "根据宽字符串列表 *argv* 设置命令行参数 (*config* 的 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 成员)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:488 +msgid "" +"Set command line arguments (:c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` member of *config*) " +"from the *argv* list of bytes strings. Decode bytes using " +":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`." +msgstr "" +"根据字节串列表 *argv* 设置命令行参数 (*config* 的 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 成员)。 使用 " +":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 对字节串进行解码。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:496 +msgid "Set the list of wide strings *list* to *length* and *items*." +msgstr "将宽字符串列表 *list* 设置为 *length* 和 *items*。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:502 +msgid "Read all Python configuration." +msgstr "读取所有 Python 配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:504 +msgid "Fields which are already initialized are left unchanged." +msgstr "已经初始化的字段会保持不变。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Fields for :ref:`path configuration ` are no longer " +"calculated or modified when calling this function, as of Python 3.11." +msgstr "调用此函数时不再计算或修改用于 :ref:`路径配置 ` 的字段，如 Python 3.11 那样。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:509 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function only parses :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` " +"arguments once: :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` is set to ``2`` after " +"arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are stripped from " +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would parse the " +"application options as Python options." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` 函数对 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` 参数只会解析一次：在参数解析完成后 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` 将被设为 ``2``。 由于 Python 参数是从 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv` 提取的，因此解析参数两次会将应用程序选项解析为 Python 选项。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:517 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` arguments are now only parsed once, " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` is set to ``2`` after arguments are parsed, " +"and arguments are only parsed if :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` equals " +"``1``." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv` " +"参数现在只会被解析一次，在参数解析完成后，:c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` 将被设为 ``2``，只有当 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` 等于 ``1`` 时才会解析参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:523 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` no longer calculates all paths, and so fields listed" +" under :ref:`Python Path Configuration ` may no longer be " +"updated until :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` is called." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` 不会再计算所有路径，因此在 :ref:`Python 路径配置 ` " +"下列出的字段可能不会再更新直到 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:531 +msgid "Release configuration memory." +msgstr "释放配置内存" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:533 +msgid "" +"Most ``PyConfig`` methods :ref:`preinitialize Python ` if needed." +" In that case, the Python preinitialization configuration " +"(:c:type:`PyPreConfig`) in based on the :c:type:`PyConfig`. If configuration" +" fields which are in common with :c:type:`PyPreConfig` are tuned, they must " +"be set before calling a :c:type:`PyConfig` method:" +msgstr "" +"如有必要大多数 ``PyConfig`` 方法将会 :ref:`预初始化 Python `。 在这种情况下，Python " +"预初始化配置 (:c:type:`PyPreConfig`) 将以 :c:type:`PyConfig` 为基础。 如果要调整与 " +":c:type:`PyPreConfig` 相同的配置字段，它们必须在调用 :c:type:`PyConfig` 方法之前被设置：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:539 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.dev_mode`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.dev_mode`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:540 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:541 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:542 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Moreover, if :c:func:`PyConfig_SetArgv` or :c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesArgv` " +"is used, this method must be called before other methods, since the " +"preinitialization configuration depends on command line arguments (if " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` is non-zero)." +msgstr "" +"此外，如果使用了 :c:func:`PyConfig_SetArgv` 或 " +":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesArgv`，则必须在调用其他方法之前调用该方法，因为预初始化配置取决于命令行参数（如果 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` 为非零值）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:549 +msgid "" +"The caller of these methods is responsible to handle exceptions (error or " +"exit) using ``PyStatus_Exception()`` and ``Py_ExitStatusException()``." +msgstr "" +"这些方法的调用者要负责使用 ``PyStatus_Exception()`` 和 ``Py_ExitStatusException()`` " +"来处理异常（错误或退出）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Set :data:`sys.argv` command line arguments based on " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv`. These parameters are similar to those passed to" +" the program's :c:func:`main` function with the difference that the first " +"entry should refer to the script file to be executed rather than the " +"executable hosting the Python interpreter. If there isn't a script that " +"will be run, the first entry in :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` can be an empty " +"string." +msgstr "" +"根据 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 设置 :data:`sys.argv` 命令行参数。 这些形参与传给程序的 " +":c:func:`main` 函数的类似，区别在于其中第一项应当指向要执行的脚本文件而不是 Python 解释器对应的可执行文件。 " +"如果没有要运行的脚本，而 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 中的第一项可以为空字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:570 +msgid "" +"Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` to ``1`` to parse " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` the same way the regular Python parses Python " +"command line arguments and then to strip Python arguments from " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv`." +msgstr "" +"将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` 设为 ``1`` 将以与普通 Python 解析 Python " +"命令行参数相同的方式解析 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 再从 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 中剥离 " +"Python 参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:575 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` is empty, an empty string is added to ensure " +"that :data:`sys.argv` always exists and is never empty." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 为空，则会添加一个空字符串以确保 :data:`sys.argv` 始终存在并且永远不为空。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:578 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:605 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:619 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:629 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:739 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:750 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:832 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:982 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1083 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1102 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1117 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1134 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1147 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1155 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1169 +msgid "Default: ``NULL``." +msgstr "默认值: ``NULL``." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:580 +msgid "See also the :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` member." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` 成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:584 +msgid "" +"If equals to zero, ``Py_RunMain()`` prepends a potentially unsafe path to " +":data:`sys.path` at startup:" +msgstr "如果等于零，``Py_RunMain()`` 会在启动时向 :data:`sys.path` 开头添加一个可能不安全的路径:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:587 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`argv[0] ` is equal to ``L\"-m\"`` (``python -m " +"module``), prepend the current working directory." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`argv[0] ` 等于 ``L\"-m\"`` (``python -m " +"module``)，则添加当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:589 +msgid "" +"If running a script (``python script.py``), prepend the script's directory." +" If it's a symbolic link, resolve symbolic links." +msgstr "如果是运行脚本 (``python script.py``)，则添加脚本的目录。 如果是符号链接，则会解析符号链接。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:591 +msgid "" +"Otherwise (``python -c code`` and ``python``), prepend an empty string, " +"which means the current working directory." +msgstr "在其他情况下 (``python -c code`` 和 ``python``)，将添加一个空字符串，这表示当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:594 +msgid "" +"Set to ``1`` by the :option:`-P` command line option and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` environment variable." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-P` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` 环境变量设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:597 +msgid "Default: ``0`` in Python config, ``1`` in isolated config." +msgstr "默认值：Python 配置中为 ``0``，隔离配置中为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:603 +msgid ":data:`sys.base_exec_prefix`." +msgstr ":data:`sys.base_exec_prefix`." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:607 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:621 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:631 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:741 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:752 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:999 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1085 +msgid "" +"Part of the :ref:`Python Path Configuration ` output." +msgstr ":ref:`Python 路径配置 ` 的一部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:609 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.exec_prefix`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:613 +msgid "Python base executable: :data:`sys._base_executable`." +msgstr "Python 基础可执行文件: :data:`sys._base_executable`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:615 +msgid "Set by the :envvar:`__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:617 +msgid "Set from :c:member:`PyConfig.executable` if ``NULL``." +msgstr "如为 ``NULL`` 则从 :c:member:`PyConfig.executable` 设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:623 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.executable`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.executable`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:627 +msgid ":data:`sys.base_prefix`." +msgstr ":data:`sys.base_prefix`." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:633 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.prefix`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:637 +msgid "" +"If equals to ``0`` and :c:member:`~PyConfig.configure_c_stdio` is non-zero, " +"disable buffering on the C streams stdout and stderr." +msgstr "" +"如果等于 ``0`` 且 :c:member:`~PyConfig.configure_c_stdio` 为非零值，则禁用 C 数据流 stdout 和" +" stderr 的缓冲。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:640 +msgid "" +"Set to ``0`` by the :option:`-u` command line option and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED` environment variable." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-u` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED` 环境变量设置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:643 +msgid "stdin is always opened in buffered mode." +msgstr "stdin 始终以缓冲模式打开。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:645 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:678 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1197 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1330 +msgid "Default: ``1``." +msgstr "默认值: ``1``." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:649 +msgid "" +"If equals to ``1``, issue a warning when comparing :class:`bytes` or " +":class:`bytearray` with :class:`str`, or comparing :class:`bytes` with " +":class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"如果等于 ``1``，则在将 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 与 :class:`str` 进行比较，或将 " +":class:`bytes` 与 :class:`int` 进行比较时发出警告。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:653 +msgid "" +"If equal or greater to ``2``, raise a :exc:`BytesWarning` exception in these" +" cases." +msgstr "如果大于等于 ``2``，则在这些情况下引发 :exc:`BytesWarning` 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:656 +msgid "Incremented by the :option:`-b` command line option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-b` 命令行选项执行递增。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:662 +msgid "" +"If non-zero, emit a :exc:`EncodingWarning` warning when " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` uses its default encoding. See :ref:`io-encoding-" +"warning` for details." +msgstr "" +"如为非零值，则在 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 使用默认编码格式时发出 :exc:`EncodingWarning` 警告。 " +"详情请参阅 :ref:`io-encoding-warning`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:671 +msgid "" +"If equals to ``0``, disables the inclusion of the end line and column " +"mappings in code objects. Also disables traceback printing carets to " +"specific error locations." +msgstr "如果等于 ``0``，则禁用在代码对象中包括末尾行和列映射。 并且禁用在特定错误位置打印回溯标记。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:675 +msgid "" +"Set to ``0`` by the :envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` environment variable and " +"by the :option:`-X no_debug_ranges <-X>` command line option." +msgstr "" +"通过 :envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` 环境变量和 :option:`-X no_debug_ranges <-X>` " +"命令行选项设置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Control the validation behavior of hash-based ``.pyc`` files: value of the " +":option:`--check-hash-based-pycs` command line option." +msgstr "控制基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` 文件的验证行为: :option:`--check-hash-based-pycs` 命令行选项的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:687 +msgid "Valid values:" +msgstr "有效的值：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:689 +msgid "" +"``L\"always\"``: Hash the source file for invalidation regardless of value " +"of the 'check_source' flag." +msgstr "``L\"always\"``: 无论 'check_source' 旗标的值是什么都会对源文件进行哈希验证。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:691 +msgid "``L\"never\"``: Assume that hash-based pycs always are valid." +msgstr "``L\"never\"``: 假定基于哈希值的 pyc 始终是有效的。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:692 +msgid "" +"``L\"default\"``: The 'check_source' flag in hash-based pycs determines " +"invalidation." +msgstr "``L\"default\"``: 基于哈希值的 pyc 中的 'check_source' 旗标确定是否验证无效。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:695 +msgid "Default: ``L\"default\"``." +msgstr "默认值： ``L\"default\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:697 +msgid "See also :pep:`552` \"Deterministic pycs\"." +msgstr "参见 :pep:`552` \"Deterministic pycs\"。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:701 +msgid "If non-zero, configure C standard streams:" +msgstr "如为非零值，则配置 C 标准流:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:703 +msgid "" +"On Windows, set the binary mode (``O_BINARY``) on stdin, stdout and stderr." +msgstr "在 Windows 中，在 stdin, stdout 和 stderr 上设置二进制模式 (``O_BINARY``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:705 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.buffered_stdio` equals zero, disable buffering of " +"stdin, stdout and stderr streams." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.buffered_stdio` 等于零，则禁用 stdin, stdout 和 stderr 流的缓冲。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:707 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.interactive` is non-zero, enable stream buffering on" +" stdin and stdout (only stdout on Windows)." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.interactive` 为非零值，则启用 stdin 和 stdout 上的流缓冲（Windows " +"中仅限 stdout）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:714 +msgid "If non-zero, enable the :ref:`Python Development Mode `." +msgstr "如果为非零值，则启用 :ref:`Python 开发模式 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:716 +msgid "" +"Set to ``1`` by the :option:`-X dev <-X>` option and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE` environment variable." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-X dev <-X>` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE` 环境变量设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:723 +msgid "Dump Python references?" +msgstr "转储 Python 引用？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:725 +msgid "If non-zero, dump all objects which are still alive at exit." +msgstr "如果为非零值，则转储所有在退出时仍存活的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:727 +msgid "Set to ``1`` by the :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` 环境变量设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Needs a special build of Python with the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro defined: " +"see the :option:`configure --with-trace-refs option <--with-trace-refs>`." +msgstr "" +"需要定义了 ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` 宏的特殊 Python 编译版：参见 :option:`configure --with-trace-" +"refs 选项 <--with-trace-refs>`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:736 +msgid "" +"The site-specific directory prefix where the platform-dependent Python files" +" are installed: :data:`sys.exec_prefix`." +msgstr "安装依赖于平台的 Python 文件的站点专属目录前缀: :data:`sys.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:743 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.base_exec_prefix`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.base_exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:747 +msgid "" +"The absolute path of the executable binary for the Python interpreter: " +":data:`sys.executable`." +msgstr "Python 解释器可执行二进制文件的绝对路径: :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:754 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:758 +msgid "Enable faulthandler?" +msgstr "启用 faulthandler？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:760 +msgid "If non-zero, call :func:`faulthandler.enable` at startup." +msgstr "如果为非零值，则在启动时调用 :func:`faulthandler.enable`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:762 +msgid "" +"Set to ``1`` by :option:`-X faulthandler <-X>` and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-X faulthandler <-X>` 和 :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` 环境变量设为 " +"``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:769 +msgid "" +":term:`Filesystem encoding `: " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`." +msgstr "" +":term:`文件系统编码格式 `: " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:772 +msgid "On macOS, Android and VxWorks: use ``\"utf-8\"`` by default." +msgstr "在 macOS, Android 和 VxWorks 上：默认使用 ``\"utf-8\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:774 +msgid "" +"On Windows: use ``\"utf-8\"`` by default, or ``\"mbcs\"`` if " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` of :c:type:`PyPreConfig`" +" is non-zero." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上：默认使用 ``\"utf-8\"``，或者如果 :c:type:`PyPreConfig` 的 " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` 为非零值则使用 ``\"mbcs\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:778 +msgid "Default encoding on other platforms:" +msgstr "在其他平台上的默认编码格式：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:780 +msgid "``\"utf-8\"`` if :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` is non-zero." +msgstr "如果 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` 为非零值则使用 ``\"utf-8\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:781 +msgid "" +"``\"ascii\"`` if Python detects that ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` announces the " +"ASCII encoding, whereas the ``mbstowcs()`` function decodes from a different" +" encoding (usually Latin1)." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 检测到 ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` 声明为 ASCII 编码格式，而 ``mbstowcs()`` " +"是从其他的编码格式解码（通常为 Latin1）则使用 ``\"ascii\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:784 +msgid "``\"utf-8\"`` if ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` returns an empty string." +msgstr "如果 ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` 返回空字符串则使用 ``\"utf-8\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:785 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, use the :term:`locale encoding`: ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` result." +msgstr "在其他情况下，使用 :term:`locale encoding`: ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` 的结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:788 +msgid "" +"At Python startup, the encoding name is normalized to the Python codec name." +" For example, ``\"ANSI_X3.4-1968\"`` is replaced with ``\"ascii\"``." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 启动时，编码格式名称会规范化为 Python 编解码器名称。 例如，``\"ANSI_X3.4-1968\"`` 将被替换为 " +"``\"ascii\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:791 +msgid "See also the :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` member." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` 的成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:795 +msgid "" +":term:`Filesystem error handler `: " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors`." +msgstr "" +":term:`文件系统错误处理器 `: " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:798 +msgid "" +"On Windows: use ``\"surrogatepass\"`` by default, or ``\"replace\"`` if " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` of :c:type:`PyPreConfig`" +" is non-zero." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上：默认使用 ``\"surrogatepass\"``，或者如果 :c:type:`PyPreConfig` 的 " +":c:member:`~PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` 为非零值则使用 ``\"replace\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:802 +msgid "On other platforms: use ``\"surrogateescape\"`` by default." +msgstr "在其他平台上：默认使用 ``\"surrogateescape\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:804 +msgid "Supported error handlers:" +msgstr "支持的错误处理器：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:806 +msgid "``\"strict\"``" +msgstr "``\"strict\"``" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:807 +msgid "``\"surrogateescape\"``" +msgstr "``\"surrogateescape\"``" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:808 +msgid "``\"surrogatepass\"`` (only supported with the UTF-8 encoding)" +msgstr "``\"surrogatepass\"`` (仅支持 UTF-8 编码格式)" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:810 +msgid "See also the :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` member." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` 的成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:815 +msgid "Randomized hash function seed." +msgstr "随机化的哈希函数种子。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:817 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.use_hash_seed` is zero, a seed is chosen randomly at" +" Python startup, and :c:member:`~PyConfig.hash_seed` is ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.use_hash_seed` 为零，则在 Python 启动时随机选择一个种子，并忽略 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.hash_seed`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:820 +msgid "Set by the :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:822 +msgid "" +"Default *use_hash_seed* value: ``-1`` in Python mode, ``0`` in isolated " +"mode." +msgstr "默认的 *use_hash_seed* 值：在 Python 模式下为 ``-1``，在隔离模式下为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Set the default Python \"home\" directory, that is, the location of the " +"standard Python libraries (see :envvar:`PYTHONHOME`)." +msgstr "设置默认的 Python \"home\" 目录，即标准 Python 库所在的位置 (参见 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:830 +msgid "Set by the :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:834 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:964 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:984 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1073 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1104 +msgid "Part of the :ref:`Python Path Configuration ` input." +msgstr ":ref:`Python 路径配置 ` 输入的一部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:838 +msgid "If non-zero, profile import time." +msgstr "如为非零值，则对导入时间执行性能分析。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:840 +msgid "" +"Set the ``1`` by the :option:`-X importtime <-X>` option and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-X importtime <-X>` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME` " +"环境变量设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:847 +msgid "Enter interactive mode after executing a script or a command." +msgstr "在执行脚本或命令之后进入交互模式。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:849 +msgid "" +"If greater than ``0``, enable inspect: when a script is passed as first " +"argument or the -c option is used, enter interactive mode after executing " +"the script or the command, even when :data:`sys.stdin` does not appear to be" +" a terminal." +msgstr "" +"如果大于 ``0`` ，则启用检查：当脚本作为第一个参数传入或使用了 -c 选项时，在执行脚本或命令后进入交互模式，即使在 " +":data:`sys.stdin` 看来并非一个终端时也是如此。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:854 +msgid "" +"Incremented by the :option:`-i` command line option. Set to ``1`` if the " +":envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT` environment variable is non-empty." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-i` 命令行选项执行递增。 如果 :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT` 环境变量为非空值则设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:861 +msgid "Install Python signal handlers?" +msgstr "安装 Python 信号处理器？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:863 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1047 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1071 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1282 +msgid "Default: ``1`` in Python mode, ``0`` in isolated mode." +msgstr "默认值：在 Python 模式下为 ``1``，在隔离模式下为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:867 +msgid "If greater than ``0``, enable the interactive mode (REPL)." +msgstr "如果大于 ``0``，则启用交互模式（REPL）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:869 +msgid "Incremented by the :option:`-i` command line option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-i` 命令行选项执行递增。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:875 +msgid "" +"Configures the :ref:`integer string conversion length limitation " +"`. An initial value of ``-1`` means the value will be " +"taken from the command line or environment or otherwise default to 4300 " +"(:data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits`). A value of ``0`` disables " +"the limitation. Values greater than zero but less than 640 " +"(:data:`sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold`) are unsupported and will " +"produce an error." +msgstr "" +"配置 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 `。 初始值为 ``-1`` 表示该值将从命令行或环境获取否则默认为 " +"4300 (:data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits`)。 值为 ``0`` 表示禁用限制。 大于 0 " +"但小于 640 (:data:`sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold`) 的值将不被支持并会产生错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:883 +msgid "" +"Configured by the :option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>` command line flag or " +"the :envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>` 命令行旗标或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS` 环境变量配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:886 +msgid "" +"Default: ``-1`` in Python mode. 4300 " +"(:data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits`) in isolated mode." +msgstr "" +"默认值：在 Python 模式下为 ``-1`` 。 在孤立模式下为 4300 " +"(:data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:893 +msgid "" +"If the value of :c:member:`~PyConfig.cpu_count` is not ``-1`` then it will " +"override the return values of :func:`os.cpu_count`, " +":func:`os.process_cpu_count`, and :func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count`." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.cpu_count` 的值不为 ``-1`` 则它将覆盖 :func:`os.cpu_count`, " +":func:`os.process_cpu_count` 和 :func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count` 的返回值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:897 +msgid "" +"Configured by the :samp:`-X cpu_count={n|default}` command line flag or the " +":envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"通过 :samp:`-X cpu_count={n|default}` 命令行旗标或 :envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT` " +"环境变量来配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:900 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1259 +msgid "Default: ``-1``." +msgstr "默认值: ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:906 +msgid "If greater than ``0``, enable isolated mode:" +msgstr "如果大于 ``0`` ，则启用隔离模式：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:908 +msgid "" +"Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.safe_path` to ``1``: don't prepend a potentially " +"unsafe path to :data:`sys.path` at Python startup, such as the current " +"directory, the script's directory or an empty string." +msgstr "" +"将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.safe_path` 设为 ``1``: 在 Python 启动时将不在 :data:`sys.path`" +" 前添加有潜在不安全性的路径，如当前目录、脚本所在目录或空字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:912 +msgid "" +"Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.use_environment` to ``0``: ignore ``PYTHON`` " +"environment variables." +msgstr "将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.use_environment` 设为 ``0``: 忽略 ``PYTHON`` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:914 +msgid "" +"Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.user_site_directory` to ``0``: don't add the user " +"site directory to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.user_site_directory` 设为 ``0``: 不要将用户级站点目录添加到 " +":data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:916 +msgid "" +"Python REPL doesn't import :mod:`readline` nor enable default readline " +"configuration on interactive prompts." +msgstr "Python REPL 将不导入 :mod:`readline` 也不在交互提示符中启用默认的 readline 配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:919 +msgid "Set to ``1`` by the :option:`-I` command line option." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-I` 命令行选项设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:923 +msgid "" +"See also the :ref:`Isolated Configuration ` and " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.isolated`." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :ref:`隔离配置 ` 和 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.isolated`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:928 +msgid "" +"If non-zero, use :class:`io.FileIO` instead of " +":class:`!io._WindowsConsoleIO` for :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout` and" +" :data:`sys.stderr`." +msgstr "" +"如为非零值，则使用 :class:`io.FileIO` 代替 :class:`!io._WindowsConsoleIO` 作为 " +":data:`sys.stdin`、:data:`sys.stdout` 和 :data:`sys.stderr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:932 +msgid "" +"Set to ``1`` if the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` environment variable " +"is set to a non-empty string." +msgstr "如果 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` 环境变量被设为非空字符串则设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:940 +msgid "See also the :pep:`528` (Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8)." +msgstr "另请参阅 :pep:`528` (将 Windows 控制台编码格式更改为 UTF-8)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:944 +msgid "" +"If non-zero, dump statistics on :ref:`Python pymalloc memory allocator " +"` at exit." +msgstr "如为非零值，则在退出时转储 :ref:`Python pymalloc 内存分配器 ` 的统计数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:947 +msgid "Set to ``1`` by the :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` 环境变量设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:949 +msgid "" +"The option is ignored if Python is :option:`configured using the --without-" +"pymalloc option <--without-pymalloc>`." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 是 :option:`使用 --without-pymalloc 选项进行配置 <--without-pymalloc>` " +"则该选项将被忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:956 +msgid "Platform library directory name: :data:`sys.platlibdir`." +msgstr "平台库目录名称: :data:`sys.platlibdir`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:958 +msgid "Set by the :envvar:`PYTHONPLATLIBDIR` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`PYTHONPLATLIBDIR` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:960 +msgid "" +"Default: value of the ``PLATLIBDIR`` macro which is set by the " +":option:`configure --with-platlibdir option <--with-platlibdir>` (default: " +"``\"lib\"``, or ``\"DLLs\"`` on Windows)." +msgstr "" +"默认值：由 :option:`configure --with-platlibdir 选项 <--with-platlibdir>` 设置的 " +"``PLATLIBDIR`` 宏的值 (默认值: ``\"lib\"``，在 Windows 上则为 ``\"DLLs\"``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:968 +msgid "" +"This macro is now used on Windows to locate the standard library extension " +"modules, typically under ``DLLs``. However, for compatibility, note that " +"this value is ignored for any non-standard layouts, including in-tree builds" +" and virtual environments." +msgstr "" +"目前在 Windows 系统中该宏被用于定位标准库扩展模块，通常位于 ``DLLs`` 下。 " +"不过，出于兼容性考虑，请注意在任何非标准布局包括树内构建和虚拟环境中，该值都将被忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:977 +msgid "" +"Module search paths (:data:`sys.path`) as a string separated by ``DELIM`` " +"(:data:`os.pathsep`)." +msgstr "模块搜索路径 (:data:`sys.path`) 为一个用 ``DELIM`` (:data:`os.pathsep`) 分隔的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:980 +msgid "Set by the :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:989 +msgid "Module search paths: :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "模块搜索路径: :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:991 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` is equal to ``0``, " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` will replace " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths` and sets " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` to ``1``." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` 等于 " +"``0``，:c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 将替代 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths` 并将 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` 设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:996 +msgid "" +"Default: empty list (``module_search_paths``) and ``0`` " +"(``module_search_paths_set``)." +msgstr "" +"默认值：空列表 (``module_search_paths``) 和 ``0`` (``module_search_paths_set``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1003 +msgid "Compilation optimization level:" +msgstr "编译优化级别：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1005 +msgid "``0``: Peephole optimizer, set ``__debug__`` to ``True``." +msgstr "``0``: Peephole 优化器，将 ``__debug__`` 设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1006 +msgid "``1``: Level 0, remove assertions, set ``__debug__`` to ``False``." +msgstr "``1``: 0 级，移除断言，将 ``__debug__`` 设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1007 +msgid "``2``: Level 1, strip docstrings." +msgstr "``2``: 1 级，去除文档字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"Incremented by the :option:`-O` command line option. Set to the " +":envvar:`PYTHONOPTIMIZE` environment variable value." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-O` 命令行选项递增。 设置为 :envvar:`PYTHONOPTIMIZE` 环境变量值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"The list of the original command line arguments passed to the Python " +"executable: :data:`sys.orig_argv`." +msgstr "传给 Python 可执行程序的原始命令行参数列表: :data:`sys.orig_argv`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` list is empty and " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` is not a list only containing an empty string, " +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` copies :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` into " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` before modifying :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` " +"(if :c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` is non-zero)." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` 列表为空并且 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` " +"不是一个只包含空字符串的列表，:c:func:`PyConfig_Read` 将在修改 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 之前把 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 拷贝至 :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` (如果 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` 不为空)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1026 +msgid "" +"See also the :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` member and the " +":c:func:`Py_GetArgcArgv` function." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 成员和 :c:func:`Py_GetArgcArgv` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1029 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1317 +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1336 +msgid "Default: empty list." +msgstr "默认值：空列表。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1035 +msgid "Parse command line arguments?" +msgstr "解析命令行参数？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"If equals to ``1``, parse :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` the same way the " +"regular Python parses :ref:`command line arguments `, and " +"strip Python arguments from :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv`." +msgstr "" +"如果等于 ``1``，则以与常规 Python 解析 :ref:`命令行参数 ` 相同的方式解析 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv`，并从 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 中剥离 Python 参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1049 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` arguments are now only parsed if " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` equals to ``1``." +msgstr "" +"现在只有当 :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` 等于 ``1`` 时才会解析 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv` 参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"Parser debug mode. If greater than ``0``, turn on parser debugging output " +"(for expert only, depending on compilation options)." +msgstr "解析器调试模式。 如果大于 ``0``，则打开解析器调试输出（仅针对专家，取决于编译选项）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"Incremented by the :option:`-d` command line option. Set to the " +":envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` environment variable value." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-d` 命令行选项递增。 设置为 :envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` 环境变量值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1061 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"Needs a :ref:`debug build of Python ` (the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro " +"must be defined)." +msgstr "需要 :ref:`Python 调试编译版 ` (必须已定义 ``Py_DEBUG`` 宏)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"If non-zero, calculation of path configuration is allowed to log warnings " +"into ``stderr``. If equals to ``0``, suppress these warnings." +msgstr "如为非零值，则允许计算路径配置以将警告记录到 ``stderr`` 中。 如果等于 ``0``，则抑制这些警告。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1075 +msgid "Now also applies on Windows." +msgstr "现在也适用于 Windows。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"The site-specific directory prefix where the platform independent Python " +"files are installed: :data:`sys.prefix`." +msgstr "安装依赖于平台的 Python 文件的站点专属目录前缀: :data:`sys.prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1087 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.base_prefix`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.base_prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1091 +msgid "" +"Program name used to initialize :c:member:`~PyConfig.executable` and in " +"early error messages during Python initialization." +msgstr "用于初始化 :c:member:`~PyConfig.executable` 和在 Python 初始化期间早期错误消息中使用的程序名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1094 +msgid "On macOS, use :envvar:`PYTHONEXECUTABLE` environment variable if set." +msgstr "在 macOS 上，如果设置了 :envvar:`PYTHONEXECUTABLE` 环境变量则会使用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"If the ``WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK`` macro is defined, use " +":envvar:`__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` environment variable if set." +msgstr "" +"如果定义了 ``WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK`` 宏，当设置了 :envvar:`__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` " +"环境变量时将会使用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"Use ``argv[0]`` of :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` if available and non-empty." +msgstr "如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 的 ``argv[0]`` 可用并且不为空值则会使用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1099 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, use ``L\"python\"`` on Windows, or ``L\"python3\"`` on other " +"platforms." +msgstr "否则，在 Windows 上将使用 ``L\"python\"``，在其他平台上将使用 ``L\"python3\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"Directory where cached ``.pyc`` files are written: " +":data:`sys.pycache_prefix`." +msgstr "缓存 ``.pyc`` 文件被写入到的目录: :data:`sys.pycache_prefix`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-X pycache_prefix=PATH <-X>` command line option and the" +" :envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` environment variable. The command-line option" +" takes precedence." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-X pycache_prefix=PATH <-X>` 命令行选项和 " +":envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` 环境变量设置。 命令行选项优先级更高。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1115 +msgid "If ``NULL``, :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` is set to ``None``." +msgstr "如果为 ``NULL``，则 :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` 将被设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"Quiet mode. If greater than ``0``, don't display the copyright and version " +"at Python startup in interactive mode." +msgstr "安静模式。 如果大于 ``0``，则在交互模式下启动 Python 时不显示版权和版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1124 +msgid "Incremented by the :option:`-q` command line option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-q` 命令行选项执行递增。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1130 +msgid "Value of the :option:`-c` command line option." +msgstr ":option:`-c` 命令行选项的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1132 ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1153 +msgid "Used by :c:func:`Py_RunMain`." +msgstr "由 :c:func:`Py_RunMain` 使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1138 +msgid "" +"Filename passed on the command line: trailing command line argument without " +":option:`-c` or :option:`-m`. It is used by the :c:func:`Py_RunMain` " +"function." +msgstr "" +"通过命令行传入的文件名：不包含 :option:`-c` 或 :option:`-m` 的附加命令行参数。 它会被 " +":c:func:`Py_RunMain` 函数使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"For example, it is set to ``script.py`` by the ``python3 script.py arg`` " +"command line." +msgstr "例如，对于命令行 ``python3 script.py arg`` 它将被设为 ``script.py``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1145 +msgid "See also the :c:member:`PyConfig.skip_source_first_line` option." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.skip_source_first_line` 选项。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1151 +msgid "Value of the :option:`-m` command line option." +msgstr ":option:`-m` 命令行选项的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1159 +msgid "" +"``package.module`` path to module that should be imported before ``site.py``" +" is run." +msgstr "``package.module`` 模块路径，它应当在运行 ``site.py`` 之前被导入。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1162 +msgid "" +"Set by the :option:`-X presite=package.module <-X>` command-line option and " +"the :envvar:`PYTHON_PRESITE` environment variable. The command-line option " +"takes precedence." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-X presite=package.module <-X>` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHON_PRESITE` " +"环境变量设置。 命令行选项优先级更高。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1173 +msgid "" +"Show total reference count at exit (excluding :term:`immortal` objects)?" +msgstr "是否要在退出时显示总引用计数 (不包括 :term:`immortal` 对象)？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1175 +msgid "Set to ``1`` by :option:`-X showrefcount <-X>` command line option." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-X showrefcount <-X>` 命令行选项设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"Needs a :ref:`debug build of Python ` (the ``Py_REF_DEBUG`` " +"macro must be defined)." +msgstr "需要 :ref:`Python 调试编译版 ` (必须已定义 ``Py_REF_DEBUG`` 宏)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1184 +msgid "Import the :mod:`site` module at startup?" +msgstr "在启动时导入 :mod:`site` 模块？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"If equal to zero, disable the import of the module site and the site-" +"dependent manipulations of :data:`sys.path` that it entails." +msgstr "如果等于零，则禁用模块站点的导入以及由此产生的与站点相关的 :data:`sys.path` 操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"Also disable these manipulations if the :mod:`site` module is explicitly " +"imported later (call :func:`site.main` if you want them to be triggered)." +msgstr "" +"如果以后显式地导入 :mod:`site` 模块也要禁用这些操作（如果你希望触发这些操作，请调用 :func:`site.main` 函数）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1192 +msgid "Set to ``0`` by the :option:`-S` command line option." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-S` 命令行选项设置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1194 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.flags.no_site ` is set to the inverted value of " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.site_import`." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.flags.no_site ` 会被设为 :c:member:`~PyConfig.site_import`" +" 取反后的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1201 +msgid "" +"If non-zero, skip the first line of the :c:member:`PyConfig.run_filename` " +"source." +msgstr "如为非零值，则跳过 :c:member:`PyConfig.run_filename` 源的第一行。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"It allows the usage of non-Unix forms of ``#!cmd``. This is intended for a " +"DOS specific hack only." +msgstr "它将允许使用非 Unix 形式的 ``#!cmd``。 这是针对 DOS 专属的破解操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1207 +msgid "Set to ``1`` by the :option:`-x` command line option." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-x` 命令行选项设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"Encoding and encoding errors of :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout` and " +":data:`sys.stderr` (but :data:`sys.stderr` always uses " +"``\"backslashreplace\"`` error handler)." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.stdin`、:data:`sys.stdout` 和 :data:`sys.stderr` 的编码格式和编码格式错误（但 " +":data:`sys.stderr` 将始终使用 ``\"backslashreplace\"`` 错误处理器）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1218 +msgid "" +"Use the :envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` environment variable if it is non-empty." +msgstr "如果 :envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` 环境变量非空则会使用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1221 +msgid "Default encoding:" +msgstr "默认编码格式：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1223 +msgid "``\"UTF-8\"`` if :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` is non-zero." +msgstr "如果 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` 为非零值则使用 ``\"UTF-8\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1224 +msgid "Otherwise, use the :term:`locale encoding`." +msgstr "在其他情况下，使用 :term:`locale encoding`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1226 +msgid "Default error handler:" +msgstr "默认错误处理器：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1228 +msgid "On Windows: use ``\"surrogateescape\"``." +msgstr "在 Windows 上：使用 ``\"surrogateescape\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"``\"surrogateescape\"`` if :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` is non-zero, or" +" if the LC_CTYPE locale is \"C\" or \"POSIX\"." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` 为非零值，或者如果 LC_CTYPE 语言区域为 \"C\" 或 " +"\"POSIX\" 则使用 ``\"surrogateescape\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1231 +msgid "``\"strict\"`` otherwise." +msgstr "在其他情况下则使用 ``\"strict\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1233 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1237 +msgid "Enable tracemalloc?" +msgstr "启用 tracemalloc？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1239 +msgid "If non-zero, call :func:`tracemalloc.start` at startup." +msgstr "如果为非零值，则在启动时调用 :func:`tracemalloc.start`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"Set by :option:`-X tracemalloc=N <-X>` command line option and by the " +":envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-X tracemalloc=N <-X>` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` " +"环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1248 +msgid "Enable compatibility mode with the perf profiler?" +msgstr "启用与 perf 性能分析器兼容的模式？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1250 +msgid "" +"If non-zero, initialize the perf trampoline. See :ref:`perf_profiling` for " +"more information." +msgstr "如果为非零值，则初始化 perf trampoline。 更多信息参见 :ref:`perf_profiling`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"Set by :option:`-X perf <-X>` command-line option and by the " +":envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` environment variable for perf support with" +" stack pointers and :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` command-line option and by " +"the :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` environment variable for perf support " +"with DWARF JIT information." +msgstr "" +"对于带栈指针的 perf 支持通过 :option:`-X perf <-X>` 命令行选项和 " +":envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` 环境变量设置，对于带 DWARF JIT 信息的 perf 支持通过 " +":option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` 环境变量设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1265 +msgid "Use :ref:`environment variables `?" +msgstr "使用 :ref:`环境变量 `？" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"If equals to zero, ignore the :ref:`environment variables `." +msgstr "如果等于零，则忽略 :ref:`环境变量 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1270 +msgid "Set to ``0`` by the :option:`-E` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :option:`-E` 环境变量设置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1276 +msgid "If non-zero, add the user site directory to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "如果为非零值，则将用户站点目录添加到 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Set to ``0`` by the :option:`-s` and :option:`-I` command line options." +msgstr "通过 :option:`-s` 和 :option:`-I` 命令行选项设置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1280 +msgid "Set to ``0`` by the :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` environment variable." +msgstr "由 :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` 环境变量设置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"Verbose mode. If greater than ``0``, print a message each time a module is " +"imported, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is " +"loaded." +msgstr "详细模式。 如果大于 ``0``，则每次导入模块时都会打印一条消息，显示加载模块的位置（文件名或内置模块）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1290 +msgid "" +"If greater than or equal to ``2``, print a message for each file that is " +"checked for when searching for a module. Also provides information on module" +" cleanup at exit." +msgstr "如果大于等于 ``2``，则为搜索模块时每个被检查的文件打印一条消息。 还在退出时提供关于模块清理的信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1294 +msgid "Incremented by the :option:`-v` command line option." +msgstr "由 :option:`-v` 命令行选项执行递增。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1296 +msgid "Set by the :envvar:`PYTHONVERBOSE` environment variable value." +msgstr "通过 :envvar:`PYTHONVERBOSE` 环境变量值设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"Options of the :mod:`warnings` module to build warnings filters, lowest to " +"highest priority: :data:`sys.warnoptions`." +msgstr ":mod:`warnings` 模块用于构建警告过滤器的选项，优先级从低到高: :data:`sys.warnoptions`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1305 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`warnings` module adds :data:`sys.warnoptions` in the reverse " +"order: the last :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` item becomes the first item" +" of :data:`warnings.filters` which is checked first (highest priority)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`warnings` 模块以相反的顺序添加 :data:`sys.warnoptions`: 最后一个 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` 条目将成为 :data:`warnings.filters` " +"的第一个条目并将最先被检查（最高优先级）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1310 +msgid "" +"The :option:`-W` command line options adds its value to " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.warnoptions`, it can be used multiple times." +msgstr "" +":option:`-W` 命令行选项会将其值添加到 :c:member:`~PyConfig.warnoptions` 中，它可以被多次使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1313 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` environment variable can also be used to add " +"warning options. Multiple options can be specified, separated by commas " +"(``,``)." +msgstr ":envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` 环境变量也可被用于添加警告选项。 可以指定多个选项，并以逗号 (``,``) 分隔。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1321 +msgid "" +"If equal to ``0``, Python won't try to write ``.pyc`` files on the import of" +" source modules." +msgstr "如果等于 ``0``，Python 将不会尝试在导入源模块时写入 ``.pyc`` 文件。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1324 +msgid "" +"Set to ``0`` by the :option:`-B` command line option and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"通过 :option:`-B` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` 环境变量设置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1327 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.dont_write_bytecode` is initialized to the inverted value of " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.write_bytecode`." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.dont_write_bytecode` 会被初始化为 :c:member:`~PyConfig.write_bytecode` " +"取反后的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"Values of the :option:`-X` command line options: :data:`sys._xoptions`." +msgstr ":option:`-X` 命令行选项的值: :data:`sys._xoptions`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1338 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` is non-zero, :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` " +"arguments are parsed the same way the regular Python parses :ref:`command " +"line arguments `, and Python arguments are stripped from " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv`." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.parse_argv` 为非零值，则 :c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` " +"参数将以与常规 Python 解析 :ref:`命令行参数 ` 相同的方式被解析，并从 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.argv` 中剥离 Python 参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyConfig.xoptions` options are parsed to set other options: " +"see the :option:`-X` command line option." +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyConfig.xoptions` 选项将会被解析以设置其他选项：参见 :option:`-X` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1348 +msgid "The ``show_alloc_count`` field has been removed." +msgstr "``show_alloc_count`` 字段已被移除。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1354 +msgid "Initialization with PyConfig" +msgstr "使用 PyConfig 初始化" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"Initializing the interpreter from a populated configuration struct is " +"handled by calling :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`." +msgstr "基于一个已填充内容的配置结构体初始化解释器是通过调用 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 来处理的。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"If :c:func:`PyImport_FrozenModules`, :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` or " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` are used, they must be set or called after " +"Python preinitialization and before the Python initialization. If Python is " +"initialized multiple times, :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` or " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` must be called before each Python " +"initialization." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :c:func:`PyImport_FrozenModules`、:c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` 或 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab`，则必须在 Python 预初始化之后、Python 初始化之前设置或调用它们。 如果 " +"Python 被多次初始化，则必须在每次初始化 Python 之前调用 :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` 或 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1369 +msgid "" +"The current configuration (``PyConfig`` type) is stored in " +"``PyInterpreterState.config``." +msgstr "当前的配置 (``PyConfig`` 类型) 保存在 ``PyInterpreterState.config`` 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1372 +msgid "Example setting the program name::" +msgstr "设置程序名称的示例::" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1374 +msgid "" +"void init_python(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* Set the program name. Implicitly preinitialize Python. */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.program_name,\n" +" L\"/path/to/my_program\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" return;\n" +"\n" +"exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"void init_python(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* 设置程序名称。 隐式地预初始化 Python。 */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.program_name,\n" +" L\"/path/to/my_program\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" return;\n" +"\n" +"exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1400 +msgid "" +"More complete example modifying the default configuration, read the " +"configuration, and then override some parameters. Note that since 3.11, many" +" parameters are not calculated until initialization, and so values cannot be" +" read from the configuration structure. Any values set before initialize is " +"called will be left unchanged by initialization::" +msgstr "" +"更完整的示例会修改默认配置，读取配置，然后覆盖某些参数。 请注意自 3.11 " +"版开始，许多参数在初始化之前不会被计算，因此无法从配置结构体中读取值。在调用初始化之前设置的任何值都将不会被初始化操作改变::" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1407 +msgid "" +"PyStatus init_python(const char *program_name)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* Set the program name before reading the configuration\n" +" (decode byte string from the locale encoding).\n" +"\n" +" Implicitly preinitialize Python. */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name,\n" +" program_name);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* Read all configuration at once */\n" +" status = PyConfig_Read(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* Specify sys.path explicitly */\n" +" /* If you want to modify the default set of paths, finish\n" +" initialization first and then use PySys_GetObject(\"path\") */\n" +" config.module_search_paths_set = 1;\n" +" status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,\n" +" L\"/path/to/stdlib\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +" status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,\n" +" L\"/path/to/more/modules\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* Override executable computed by PyConfig_Read() */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.executable,\n" +" L\"/path/to/my_executable\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +"done:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" return status;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyStatus init_python(const char *program_name)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* 在读取配置之前设置程序名称\n" +" (基于语言区域的编码格式来解码字节串)。\n" +"\n" +" Implicitly preinitialize Python. */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name,\n" +" program_name);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* 一次性读取所有配置 */\n" +" status = PyConfig_Read(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* 显式地指定 sys.path */\n" +" /* 如果你希望修改默认的路径集合，\n" +" 可先完成初始化再使用 PySys_GetObject(\"path\") */\n" +" config.module_search_paths_set = 1;\n" +" status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,\n" +" L\"/path/to/stdlib\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +" status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,\n" +" L\"/path/to/more/modules\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* Override executable computed by PyConfig_Read() */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.executable,\n" +" L\"/path/to/my_executable\");\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto done;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +"done:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" return status;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1463 +msgid "Isolated Configuration" +msgstr "隔离配置" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1465 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` and " +":c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` functions create a configuration to " +"isolate Python from the system. For example, to embed Python into an " +"application." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` 和 " +":c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig` 函数会创建一个配置来将 Python 与系统隔离开来。 例如，将 " +"Python 嵌入到某个应用程序。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1470 +msgid "" +"This configuration ignores global configuration variables, environment " +"variables, command line arguments (:c:member:`PyConfig.argv` is not parsed) " +"and user site directory. The C standard streams (ex: ``stdout``) and the " +"LC_CTYPE locale are left unchanged. Signal handlers are not installed." +msgstr "" +"该配置将忽略全局配置变量、环境变量、命令行参数 (:c:member:`PyConfig.argv` 将不会被解析) 和用户站点目录。 C 标准流 " +"(例如 ``stdout``) 和 LC_CTYPE 语言区域将保持不变。 信号处理器将不会被安装。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1475 +msgid "" +"Configuration files are still used with this configuration to determine " +"paths that are unspecified. Ensure :c:member:`PyConfig.home` is specified to" +" avoid computing the default path configuration." +msgstr "" +"该配置仍然会使用配置文件来确定未被指明的路径。 请确保指定了 :c:member:`PyConfig.home` 以避免计算默认的路径配置。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1483 +msgid "Python Configuration" +msgstr "Python 配置" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1485 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig` and " +":c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig` functions create a configuration to " +"build a customized Python which behaves as the regular Python." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig` 和 :c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`" +" 函数会创建一个配置来构建一个行为与常规 Python 相同的自定义 Python。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"Environments variables and command line arguments are used to configure " +"Python, whereas global configuration variables are ignored." +msgstr "环境变量和命令行参数将被用于配置 Python，而全局配置变量将被忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1492 +msgid "" +"This function enables C locale coercion (:pep:`538`) and :ref:`Python UTF-8 " +"Mode ` (:pep:`540`) depending on the LC_CTYPE locale, " +":envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` and :envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` environment " +"variables." +msgstr "" +"此函数将根据 LC_CTYPE 语言区域、:envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` 和 :envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` " +"环境变量启用 C 语言区域强制转换 (:pep:`538`) 和 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` " +"(:pep:`540`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1501 +msgid "Python Path Configuration" +msgstr "Python 路径配置" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1503 +msgid "" +":c:type:`PyConfig` contains multiple fields for the path configuration:" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyConfig` 包含多个用于路径配置的字段：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1505 +msgid "Path configuration inputs:" +msgstr "路径配置输入：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1507 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.home`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.home`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1508 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.platlibdir`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.platlibdir`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1509 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1510 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1511 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.pythonpath_env`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.pythonpath_env`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1512 +msgid "current working directory: to get absolute paths" +msgstr "当前工作目录：用于获取绝对路径" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"``PATH`` environment variable to get the program full path (from " +":c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`)" +msgstr "``PATH`` 环境变量用于获取程序的完整路径 (来自 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`)" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1515 +msgid "``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` environment variable" +msgstr "``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` 环境变量" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"(Windows only) Application paths in the registry under " +"\"Software\\Python\\PythonCore\\X.Y\\PythonPath\" of HKEY_CURRENT_USER and " +"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (where X.Y is the Python version)." +msgstr "" +"（仅限 Windows only） 注册表 HKEY_CURRENT_USER 和 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE 的 " +"\"Software\\Python\\PythonCore\\X.Y\\PythonPath\" 项下的应用程序目录（其中 X.Y 为 Python " +"版本）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1520 +msgid "Path configuration output fields:" +msgstr "路径配置输出字段：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1522 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.base_exec_prefix`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.base_exec_prefix`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1523 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1524 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.base_prefix`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.base_prefix`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1525 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.exec_prefix`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.exec_prefix`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1526 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.executable`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.executable`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1527 +msgid "" +":c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set`, " +":c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set`, " +":c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1529 +msgid ":c:member:`PyConfig.prefix`" +msgstr ":c:member:`PyConfig.prefix`" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1531 +msgid "" +"If at least one \"output field\" is not set, Python calculates the path " +"configuration to fill unset fields. If " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` is equal to ``0``, " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths` is overridden and " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` is set to ``1``." +msgstr "" +"如果至少有一个“输出字段”未被设置，Python 就会计算路径配置来填充未设置的字段。 如果 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` 等于 ``0``，则 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths` 将被覆盖并且 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` 将被设置为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1537 +msgid "" +"It is possible to completely ignore the function calculating the default " +"path configuration by setting explicitly all path configuration output " +"fields listed above. A string is considered as set even if it is non-empty. " +"``module_search_paths`` is considered as set if ``module_search_paths_set`` " +"is set to ``1``. In this case, ``module_search_paths`` will be used without " +"modification." +msgstr "" +"通过显式地设置上述所有路径配置输出字段可以完全忽略计算默认路径配置的函数。 即使字符串不为空也会被视为已设置。 如果 " +"``module_search_paths_set`` 被设为 ``1`` 则 ``module_search_paths`` 会被视为已设置。 " +"在这种情况下，``module_search_paths`` 将不加修改地被使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` to ``0`` to suppress warnings " +"when calculating the path configuration (Unix only, Windows does not log any" +" warning)." +msgstr "" +"将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` 设为 ``0`` 以便在计算路径配置时抑制警告（仅限 " +"Unix，Windows 不会记录任何警告）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.base_prefix` or " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.base_exec_prefix` fields are not set, they inherit " +"their value from :c:member:`~PyConfig.prefix` and " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.exec_prefix` respectively." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.base_prefix` 或 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.base_exec_prefix` 字段未设置，它们将分别从 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.prefix` 和 :c:member:`~PyConfig.exec_prefix` 继承其值。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1551 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_RunMain` and :c:func:`Py_Main` modify :data:`sys.path`:" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_RunMain` 和 :c:func:`Py_Main` 将修改 :data:`sys.path`:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.run_filename` is set and is a directory which " +"contains a ``__main__.py`` script, prepend " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.run_filename` to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.run_filename` 已设置并且是一个包含 ``__main__.py`` 脚本的目录，则会将 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.run_filename` 添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的开头。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1556 +msgid "If :c:member:`~PyConfig.isolated` is zero:" +msgstr "如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.isolated` 为零：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1558 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.run_module` is set, prepend the current directory to" +" :data:`sys.path`. Do nothing if the current directory cannot be read." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 :c:member:`~PyConfig.run_module`，则将当前目录添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的开头。 " +"如果无法读取当前目录则不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.run_filename` is set, prepend the directory of the " +"filename to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 :c:member:`~PyConfig.run_filename`，则将文件名的目录添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的开头。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1562 +msgid "Otherwise, prepend an empty string to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "在其他情况下，则将一个空字符串添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的开头。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1564 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyConfig.site_import` is non-zero, :data:`sys.path` can be " +"modified by the :mod:`site` module. If " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.user_site_directory` is non-zero and the user's site-" +"package directory exists, the :mod:`site` module appends the user's site-" +"package directory to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.site_import` 为非零值，则 :data:`sys.path` 可通过 :mod:`site`" +" 模块修改。 如果 :c:member:`~PyConfig.user_site_directory` 为非零值且用户的 site-package " +"目录存在，则 :mod:`site` 模块会将用户的 site-package 目录附加到 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1570 +msgid "The following configuration files are used by the path configuration:" +msgstr "路径配置会使用以下配置文件：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1572 +msgid "``pyvenv.cfg``" +msgstr "``pyvenv.cfg``" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1573 +msgid "``._pth`` file (ex: ``python._pth``)" +msgstr "``._pth`` 文件 (例如: ``python._pth``)" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1574 +msgid "``pybuilddir.txt`` (Unix only)" +msgstr "``pybuilddir.txt`` (仅Unix)" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1576 +msgid "If a ``._pth`` file is present:" +msgstr "如果存在 ``._pth`` 文件:" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1578 +msgid "Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.isolated` to ``1``." +msgstr "将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.isolated` 设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1579 +msgid "Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.use_environment` to ``0``." +msgstr "将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.use_environment` 设为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1580 +msgid "Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.site_import` to ``0``." +msgstr "将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.site_import` 设为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1581 +msgid "Set :c:member:`~PyConfig.safe_path` to ``1``." +msgstr "将 :c:member:`~PyConfig.safe_path` 设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"The ``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` environment variable is used to set " +":c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` 环境变量来设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.base_executable`。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1588 +msgid "Py_GetArgcArgv()" +msgstr "Py_GetArgcArgv()" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1592 +msgid "Get the original command line arguments, before Python modified them." +msgstr "在 Python 修改原始命令行参数之前，获取这些参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1594 +msgid "See also :c:member:`PyConfig.orig_argv` member." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:member:`PyConfig.orig_argv` 成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1598 +msgid "Multi-Phase Initialization Private Provisional API" +msgstr "多阶段初始化私有暂定 API" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1600 +msgid "" +"This section is a private provisional API introducing multi-phase " +"initialization, the core feature of :pep:`432`:" +msgstr "本节介绍的私有暂定 API 引入了多阶段初始化，它是 :pep:`432` 的核心特性：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1603 +msgid "\"Core\" initialization phase, \"bare minimum Python\":" +msgstr "“核心”初始化阶段，“最小化的基本 Python”：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1605 +msgid "Builtin types;" +msgstr "内置类型；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1606 +msgid "Builtin exceptions;" +msgstr "内置异常；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1607 +msgid "Builtin and frozen modules;" +msgstr "内置和已冻结模块；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sys` module is only partially initialized (ex: :data:`sys.path` " +"doesn't exist yet)." +msgstr ":mod:`sys` 模块仅部分初始化（例如: :data:`sys.path` 尚不存在）。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1611 +msgid "\"Main\" initialization phase, Python is fully initialized:" +msgstr "\"主要\"初始化阶段，Python 被完全初始化：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1613 +msgid "Install and configure :mod:`importlib`;" +msgstr "安装并配置 :mod:`importlib`；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1614 +msgid "Apply the :ref:`Path Configuration `;" +msgstr "应用 :ref:`路径配置 `；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1615 +msgid "Install signal handlers;" +msgstr "安装信号处理器；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1616 +msgid "" +"Finish :mod:`sys` module initialization (ex: create :data:`sys.stdout` and " +":data:`sys.path`);" +msgstr "完成 :mod:`sys` 模块初始化 (例如：创建 :data:`sys.stdout` 和 :data:`sys.path`)；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1618 +msgid "" +"Enable optional features like :mod:`faulthandler` and :mod:`tracemalloc`;" +msgstr "启用 :mod:`faulthandler` 和 :mod:`tracemalloc` 等可选功能；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1619 +msgid "Import the :mod:`site` module;" +msgstr "导入 :mod:`site` 模块；" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1620 +msgid "etc." +msgstr "等等." + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1622 +msgid "Private provisional API:" +msgstr "私有临时API：" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1624 +msgid "" +":c:member:`PyConfig._init_main`: if set to ``0``, " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` stops at the \"Core\" initialization " +"phase." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`PyConfig._init_main`: 如果设为 " +"``0``，:c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 将在“核心”初始化阶段停止。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1629 +msgid "" +"Move to the \"Main\" initialization phase, finish the Python initialization." +msgstr "进入“主要”初始化阶段，完成 Python 初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1631 +msgid "" +"No module is imported during the \"Core\" phase and the ``importlib`` module" +" is not configured: the :ref:`Path Configuration ` is only" +" applied during the \"Main\" phase. It may allow to customize Python in " +"Python to override or tune the :ref:`Path Configuration `," +" maybe install a custom :data:`sys.meta_path` importer or an import hook, " +"etc." +msgstr "" +"在“核心”阶段不会导入任何模块，也不会配置 ``importlib`` 模块: :ref:`路径配置 ` " +"只会在“主要”阶段期间应用。 这可能允许在 Python 中定制 Python 以覆盖或微调 :ref:`路径配置 `，也可能会安装自定义的 :data:`sys.meta_path` 导入器或导入钩子等等。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1637 +msgid "" +"It may become possible to calculate the :ref:`Path Configuration ` in Python, after the Core phase and before the Main phase, which is" +" one of the :pep:`432` motivation." +msgstr "" +"在核心阶段之后主要阶段之前，将有可能在 Python 中计算 :ref:`路径配置 `，这是 :pep:`432` " +"的动机之一。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1641 +msgid "" +"The \"Core\" phase is not properly defined: what should be and what should " +"not be available at this phase is not specified yet. The API is marked as " +"private and provisional: the API can be modified or even be removed anytime " +"until a proper public API is designed." +msgstr "" +"“核心”阶段并没有完整的定义：在这一阶段什么应该可用什么不应该可用都尚未被指明。 该 API 被标记为私有和暂定的：也就是说该 API " +"可以随时被修改甚至被移除直到设计出适用的公共 API。" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"Example running Python code between \"Core\" and \"Main\" initialization " +"phases::" +msgstr "在“核心”和“主要”初始化阶段之间运行 Python 代码的示例::" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:1649 +msgid "" +"void init_python(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +" config._init_main = 0;\n" +"\n" +" /* ... customize 'config' configuration ... */\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* Use sys.stderr because sys.stdout is only created\n" +" by _Py_InitializeMain() */\n" +" int res = PyRun_SimpleString(\n" +" \"import sys; \"\n" +" \"print('Run Python code before _Py_InitializeMain', \"\n" +" \"file=sys.stderr)\");\n" +" if (res < 0) {\n" +" exit(1);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* ... put more configuration code here ... */\n" +"\n" +" status = _Py_InitializeMain();\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"void init_python(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +"\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +" config._init_main = 0;\n" +"\n" +" /* ... 自定义 'config' 配置 ... */\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* 使用 sys.stderr 因为 sys.stdout 只能由 _Py_InitializeMain() 创建 */\n" +" int res = PyRun_SimpleString(\n" +" \"import sys; \"\n" +" \"print('Run Python code before _Py_InitializeMain', \"\n" +" \"file=sys.stderr)\");\n" +" if (res < 0) {\n" +" exit(1);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* ... 这里添加更多配置代码 ... */\n" +"\n" +" status = _Py_InitializeMain();\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:558 +msgid "main()" +msgstr "main()" + +#: ../../c-api/init_config.rst:558 +msgid "argv (in module sys)" +msgstr "argv (在 sys 模块中)" diff --git a/c-api/intro.po b/c-api/intro.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3bad9f8d --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/intro.po @@ -0,0 +1,1490 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Tony Tong , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:8 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The Application Programmer's Interface to Python gives C and C++ programmers" +" access to the Python interpreter at a variety of levels. The API is " +"equally usable from C++, but for brevity it is generally referred to as the " +"Python/C API. There are two fundamentally different reasons for using the " +"Python/C API. The first reason is to write *extension modules* for specific " +"purposes; these are C modules that extend the Python interpreter. This is " +"probably the most common use. The second reason is to use Python as a " +"component in a larger application; this technique is generally referred to " +"as :dfn:`embedding` Python in an application." +msgstr "" +"Python 的应用编程接口（API）使得 C 和 C++ 程序员可以在多个层级上访问 Python 解释器。该 API 在 C++ " +"中同样可用，但为简化描述，通常将其称为 Python/C API。使用 Python/C API 有两个基本的理由。第一个理由是为了特定目的而编写 " +"*扩展模块*；它们是扩展 Python 解释器功能的 C 模块。这可能是最常见的使用场景。第二个理由是将 Python " +"用作更大规模应用的组件；这种技巧通常被称为在一个应用中 :dfn:`embedding` Python。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Writing an extension module is a relatively well-understood process, where a" +" \"cookbook\" approach works well. There are several tools that automate " +"the process to some extent. While people have embedded Python in other " +"applications since its early existence, the process of embedding Python is " +"less straightforward than writing an extension." +msgstr "" +"编写扩展模块的过程相对来说更易于理解，可以通过“菜谱”的形式分步骤介绍。使用某些工具可在一定程度上自动化这一过程。虽然人们在其他应用中嵌入 Python" +" 的做法早已有之，但嵌入 Python 的过程没有编写扩展模块那样方便直观。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Many API functions are useful independent of whether you're embedding or " +"extending Python; moreover, most applications that embed Python will need " +"to provide a custom extension as well, so it's probably a good idea to " +"become familiar with writing an extension before attempting to embed Python" +" in a real application." +msgstr "" +"许多 API 函数在你嵌入或是扩展 Python 这两种场景下都能发挥作用；此外，大多数嵌入 Python " +"的应用程序也需要提供自定义扩展，因此在尝试在实际应用中嵌入 Python 之前先熟悉编写扩展应该会是个好主意。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:34 +msgid "Coding standards" +msgstr "代码标准" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:36 +msgid "" +"If you're writing C code for inclusion in CPython, you **must** follow the " +"guidelines and standards defined in :PEP:`7`. These guidelines apply " +"regardless of the version of Python you are contributing to. Following " +"these conventions is not necessary for your own third party extension " +"modules, unless you eventually expect to contribute them to Python." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要编写可包含于 CPython 的 C 代码，你 **必须** 遵循在 :PEP:`7` " +"中定义的指导原则和标准。这些指导原则适用于任何你所要扩展的 Python 版本。在编写你自己的第三方扩展模块时可以不必遵循这些规范，除非你准备在日后向 " +"Python 贡献这些模块。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:46 +msgid "Include Files" +msgstr "包含文件" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:48 +msgid "" +"All function, type and macro definitions needed to use the Python/C API are " +"included in your code by the following line::" +msgstr "使用 Python/C API 所需要的全部函数、类型和宏定义可通过下面这行语句包含到你的代码之中：" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:51 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include " +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include " + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:54 +msgid "" +"This implies inclusion of the following standard headers: ````, " +"````, ````, ````, ```` and " +"```` (if available)." +msgstr "" +"这意味着包含以下标准头文件：\\ ````\\ ，\\ ````\\ ，\\ ````\\ " +"，\\ ````\\ ，\\ ```` 和 ````\\ （如果可用）。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Since Python may define some pre-processor definitions which affect the " +"standard headers on some systems, you *must* include :file:`Python.h` before" +" any standard headers are included." +msgstr "" +"由于 Python 可能会定义一些能在某些系统上影响标准头文件的预处理器定义，因此在包含任何标准头文件之前，你 *必须* 先包含 " +":file:`Python.h`。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:64 +msgid "" +"It is recommended to always define ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` before including " +"``Python.h``. See :ref:`arg-parsing` for a description of this macro." +msgstr "" +"推荐总是在 ``Python.h`` 前定义 ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` 。查看 :ref:`arg-parsing` " +"来了解这个宏的更多内容。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:67 +msgid "" +"All user visible names defined by Python.h (except those defined by the " +"included standard headers) have one of the prefixes ``Py`` or ``_Py``. " +"Names beginning with ``_Py`` are for internal use by the Python " +"implementation and should not be used by extension writers. Structure member" +" names do not have a reserved prefix." +msgstr "" +"Python.h 所定义的全部用户可见名称（由包含的标准头文件所定义的除外）都带有前缀 ``Py`` 或者 ``_Py``。以 ``_Py`` " +"打头的名称是供 Python 实现内部使用的，不应被扩展编写者使用。结构成员名称没有保留前缀。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:74 +msgid "" +"User code should never define names that begin with ``Py`` or ``_Py``. This " +"confuses the reader, and jeopardizes the portability of the user code to " +"future Python versions, which may define additional names beginning with one" +" of these prefixes." +msgstr "" +"用户代码永远不应该定义以 ``Py`` 或 ``_Py`` " +"开头的名称。这会使读者感到困惑，并危及用户代码对未来Python版本的可移植性，这些版本可能会定义以这些前缀之一开头的其他名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:79 +msgid "" +"The header files are typically installed with Python. On Unix, these are " +"located in the directories :file:`{prefix}/include/pythonversion/` and " +":file:`{exec_prefix}/include/pythonversion/`, where :option:`prefix " +"<--prefix>` and :option:`exec_prefix <--exec-prefix>` are defined by the " +"corresponding parameters to Python's :program:`configure` script and " +"*version* is ``'%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]``. On Windows, the headers " +"are installed in :file:`{prefix}/include`, where ``prefix`` is the " +"installation directory specified to the installer." +msgstr "" +"头文件通常会与 Python 一起安装。 在 Unix 上，它们位于 :file:`{prefix}/include/pythonversion/` 和" +" :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/pythonversion/` 目录，其中 :option:`prefix " +"<--prefix>` 和 :option:`exec_prefix <--exec-prefix>` 是由向 Python 的 " +":program:`configure` 脚本传入的对应形参定义，而 *version* 则为 ``'%d.%d' % " +"sys.version_info[:2]``。 在 Windows 上，头文件安装于 :file:`{prefix}/include`，其中 " +"``prefix`` 是为安装程序指定的安装目录。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:88 +msgid "" +"To include the headers, place both directories (if different) on your " +"compiler's search path for includes. Do *not* place the parent directories " +"on the search path and then use ``#include ``; this will" +" break on multi-platform builds since the platform independent headers under" +" :option:`prefix <--prefix>` include the platform specific headers from " +":option:`exec_prefix <--exec-prefix>`." +msgstr "" +"要包括这些头文件，请将两个目录（如果不同）都放到你所用编译器用于包括头文件的搜索目录中。 请 *不要* 将父目录放入搜索路径然后使用 " +"``#include ``；这将使得多平台编译不可用，因为 :option:`prefix " +"<--prefix>` 下与平台无关的头文件包括了来自 :option:`exec_prefix <--exec-prefix>` 的平台专属头文件。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:95 +msgid "" +"C++ users should note that although the API is defined entirely using C, the" +" header files properly declare the entry points to be ``extern \"C\"``. As a" +" result, there is no need to do anything special to use the API from C++." +msgstr "" +"C++ 用户应该注意，尽管 API 是完全使用 C 来定义的，但头文件正确地将入口点声明为 ``extern \"C\"``，因此 API 在 C++ " +"中使用此 API 不必再做任何特殊处理。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:101 +msgid "Useful macros" +msgstr "有用的宏" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Several useful macros are defined in the Python header files. Many are " +"defined closer to where they are useful (e.g. :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_NONE`). " +"Others of a more general utility are defined here. This is not necessarily " +"a complete listing." +msgstr "" +"Python 头文件中定义了一些有用的宏。许多是在靠近它们被使用的地方定义的（例如 " +":c:macro:`Py_RETURN_NONE`）。其他更为通用的则定义在这里。这里所显示的并不是一个完整的列表。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Declare an extension module ``PyInit`` initialization function. The function" +" return type is :c:expr:`PyObject*`. The macro declares any special linkage " +"declarations required by the platform, and for C++ declares the function as " +"``extern \"C\"``." +msgstr "" +"声明扩展模块 ``PyInit`` 初始化函数。 函数返回类型为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。 " +"该宏声明了平台所要求的任何特殊链接声明，并针对 C++ 将函数为声明为 ``extern \"C\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:115 +msgid "" +"The initialization function must be named :samp:`PyInit_{name}`, where " +"*name* is the name of the module, and should be the only non-\\ ``static`` " +"item defined in the module file. Example::" +msgstr "" +"初始化函数必须命名为 :samp:`PyInit_{name}`，其中 *name* 是模块名称，并且应为在模块文件中定义的唯一非 ``static``" +" 项。 例如::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:119 +msgid "" +"static struct PyModuleDef spam_module = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"spam\",\n" +" ...\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&spam_module);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static struct PyModuleDef spam_module = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"spam\",\n" +" ...\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&spam_module);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:134 +msgid "Return the absolute value of ``x``." +msgstr "返回 ``x`` 的绝对值。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Ask the compiler to always inline a static inline function. The compiler can" +" ignore it and decide to not inline the function." +msgstr "让编译器始终内联静态的内联函数。 编译器可以忽略它并决定不内联该函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:143 +msgid "" +"It can be used to inline performance critical static inline functions when " +"building Python in debug mode with function inlining disabled. For example, " +"MSC disables function inlining when building in debug mode." +msgstr "" +"它可被用来在禁用函数内联的调试模式下构建 Python 时内联严重影响性能的静态内联函数。 例如，MSC 在调试模式下构建时就禁用了函数内联。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Marking blindly a static inline function with Py_ALWAYS_INLINE can result in" +" worse performances (due to increased code size for example). The compiler " +"is usually smarter than the developer for the cost/benefit analysis." +msgstr "" +"随意使用 Py_ALWAYS_INLINE 标记内联函数可能导致极差的性能（例如由于增加了代码量）。 对于成本/收益分析来说计算机通常都比开发者更聪明。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:151 +msgid "" +"If Python is :ref:`built in debug mode ` (if the " +":c:macro:`Py_DEBUG` macro is defined), the :c:macro:`Py_ALWAYS_INLINE` macro" +" does nothing." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 是 :ref:`在调试模式下构建的 ` (即定义了 :c:macro:`Py_DEBUG` 宏)，则 " +":c:macro:`Py_ALWAYS_INLINE` 宏将不做任何事情。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:154 +msgid "It must be specified before the function return type. Usage::" +msgstr "它必须在函数返回类型之前指明。 用法::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:156 +msgid "static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE int random(void) { return 4; }" +msgstr "static inline Py_ALWAYS_INLINE int random(void) { return 4; }" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Argument must be a character or an integer in the range [-128, 127] or [0, " +"255]. This macro returns ``c`` cast to an ``unsigned char``." +msgstr "" +"参数必须为 [-128, 127] 或 [0, 255] 范围内的字符或整数类型。这个宏将 ``c`` 强制转换为 ``unsigned char`` " +"返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Use this for deprecated declarations. The macro must be placed before the " +"symbol name." +msgstr "弃用声明。该宏必须放置在符号名称前。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:170 ../../c-api/intro.rst:256 +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:274 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:172 +msgid "Py_DEPRECATED(3.8) PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_OldFunction(void);" +msgstr "Py_DEPRECATED(3.8) PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_OldFunction(void);" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:174 +msgid "MSVC support was added." +msgstr "添加了 MSVC 支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Like ``getenv(s)``, but returns ``NULL`` if :option:`-E` was passed on the " +"command line (see :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`)." +msgstr "" +"与 ``getenv(s)`` 类似，但是如果从命令行传入了 :option:`-E` 则返回 ``NULL`` (参见 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:184 +msgid "Return the maximum value between ``x`` and ``y``." +msgstr "返回 ``x`` 和 ``y`` 当中的最大值。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:190 +msgid "Return the size of a structure (``type``) ``member`` in bytes." +msgstr "返回结构 (``type``) ``member`` 的大小，以字节表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:196 +msgid "Return the minimum value between ``x`` and ``y``." +msgstr "返回 ``x`` 和 ``y`` 当中的最小值。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:202 +msgid "" +"Disable inlining on a function. For example, it reduces the C stack " +"consumption: useful on LTO+PGO builds which heavily inline code (see " +":issue:`33720`)." +msgstr "启用内联某个函数。 例如，它会减少 C 栈消耗：适用于大量内联代码的 LTO+PGO 编译版 (参见 :issue:`33720`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:206 +msgid "Usage::" +msgstr "用法：" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:208 +msgid "Py_NO_INLINE static int random(void) { return 4; }" +msgstr "Py_NO_INLINE static int random(void) { return 4; }" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Convert ``x`` to a C string. E.g. ``Py_STRINGIFY(123)`` returns " +"``\"123\"``." +msgstr "将 ``x`` 转换为 C 字符串。例如 ``Py_STRINGIFY(123)`` 返回 ``\"123\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:221 +msgid "" +"Use this when you have a code path that cannot be reached by design. For " +"example, in the ``default:`` clause in a ``switch`` statement for which all " +"possible values are covered in ``case`` statements. Use this in places " +"where you might be tempted to put an ``assert(0)`` or ``abort()`` call." +msgstr "" +"这个可以在你有一个设计上无法到达的代码路径时使用。例如，当一个 ``switch`` 语句中所有可能的值都已被 ``case`` " +"子句覆盖了，就可将其用在 ``default:`` 子句中。当你非常想在某个位置放一个 ``assert(0)`` 或 ``abort()`` " +"调用时也可以用这个。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:226 +msgid "" +"In release mode, the macro helps the compiler to optimize the code, and " +"avoids a warning about unreachable code. For example, the macro is " +"implemented with ``__builtin_unreachable()`` on GCC in release mode." +msgstr "" +"在 release 模式下，该宏帮助编译器优化代码，并避免发出不可到达代码的警告。例如，在 GCC 的 release 模式下，该宏使用 " +"``__builtin_unreachable()`` 实现。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:230 +msgid "" +"A use for ``Py_UNREACHABLE()`` is following a call a function that never " +"returns but that is not declared :c:macro:`_Py_NO_RETURN`." +msgstr "" +"``Py_UNREACHABLE()`` 的一个用法是调用一个不会返回，但却没有声明 :c:macro:`_Py_NO_RETURN` 的函数之后。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:233 +msgid "" +"If a code path is very unlikely code but can be reached under exceptional " +"case, this macro must not be used. For example, under low memory condition " +"or if a system call returns a value out of the expected range. In this " +"case, it's better to report the error to the caller. If the error cannot be" +" reported to caller, :c:func:`Py_FatalError` can be used." +msgstr "" +"如果一个代码路径不太可能是正常代码，但在特殊情况下可以到达，就不能使用该宏。例如，在低内存条件下，或者一个系统调用返回超出预期范围值，诸如此类，最好将错误报告给调用者。如果无法将错误报告给调用者，可以使用" +" :c:func:`Py_FatalError` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Use this for unused arguments in a function definition to silence compiler " +"warnings. Example: ``int func(int a, int Py_UNUSED(b)) { return a; }``." +msgstr "" +"用于函数定义中未使用的参数，从而消除编译器警告。例如： ``int func(int a, int Py_UNUSED(b)) { return a; " +"}`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Creates a variable with name ``name`` that can be used in docstrings. If " +"Python is built without docstrings, the value will be empty." +msgstr "创建一个可以在文档字符串中使用的，名字为 ``name`` 的变量。如果不和文档字符串一起构建 Python，该值将为空。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Use :c:macro:`PyDoc_STRVAR` for docstrings to support building Python " +"without docstrings, as specified in :pep:`7`." +msgstr "" +"如 :pep:`7` 所述，使用 :c:macro:`PyDoc_STRVAR` 作为文档字符串，以支持不和文档字符串一起构建 Python 的情况。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:258 +msgid "" +"PyDoc_STRVAR(pop_doc, \"Remove and return the rightmost element.\");\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef deque_methods[] = {\n" +" // ...\n" +" {\"pop\", (PyCFunction)deque_pop, METH_NOARGS, pop_doc},\n" +" // ...\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyDoc_STRVAR(pop_doc, \"Remove and return the rightmost element.\");\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef deque_methods[] = {\n" +" // ...\n" +" {\"pop\", (PyCFunction)deque_pop, METH_NOARGS, pop_doc},\n" +" // ...\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Creates a docstring for the given input string or an empty string if " +"docstrings are disabled." +msgstr "为给定的字符串输入创建一个文档字符串，或者当文档字符串被禁用时，创建一个空字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:271 +msgid "" +"Use :c:macro:`PyDoc_STR` in specifying docstrings to support building Python" +" without docstrings, as specified in :pep:`7`." +msgstr "" +"如 :pep:`7` 所述，使用 :c:macro:`PyDoc_STR` 指定文档字符串，以支持不和文档字符串一起构建 Python 的情况。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:276 +msgid "" +"static PyMethodDef pysqlite_row_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"keys\", (PyCFunction)pysqlite_row_keys, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" PyDoc_STR(\"Returns the keys of the row.\")},\n" +" {NULL, NULL}\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyMethodDef pysqlite_row_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"keys\", (PyCFunction)pysqlite_row_keys, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" PyDoc_STR(\"Returns the keys of the row.\")},\n" +" {NULL, NULL}\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:286 +msgid "Objects, Types and Reference Counts" +msgstr "对象、类型和引用计数" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Most Python/C API functions have one or more arguments as well as a return " +"value of type :c:expr:`PyObject*`. This type is a pointer to an opaque data" +" type representing an arbitrary Python object. Since all Python object " +"types are treated the same way by the Python language in most situations " +"(e.g., assignments, scope rules, and argument passing), it is only fitting " +"that they should be represented by a single C type. Almost all Python " +"objects live on the heap: you never declare an automatic or static variable " +"of type :c:type:`PyObject`, only pointer variables of type " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` can be declared. The sole exception are the type " +"objects; since these must never be deallocated, they are typically static " +":c:type:`PyTypeObject` objects." +msgstr "" +"多数 Python/C API 函数都有一个或多个参数以及一个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 类型的返回值。 这种类型是指向任意 Python" +" 对象的不透明数据类型的指针。 由于所有 Python 对象类型在大多数情况下都被 Python " +"语言用相同的方式处理（例如，赋值、作用域规则和参数传递等），因此用单个 C 类型来表示它们是很适宜的。 几乎所有 Python " +"对象都存在于堆中：你不可声明一个类型为 :c:type:`PyObject` 的自动或静态的变量，只能声明类型为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`" +" 的指针变量。 唯一的例外是 type 对象；因为这种对象永远不能被释放，所以它们通常都是静态的 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:301 +msgid "" +"All Python objects (even Python integers) have a :dfn:`type` and a " +":dfn:`reference count`. An object's type determines what kind of object it " +"is (e.g., an integer, a list, or a user-defined function; there are many " +"more as explained in :ref:`types`). For each of the well-known types there " +"is a macro to check whether an object is of that type; for instance, " +"``PyList_Check(a)`` is true if (and only if) the object pointed to by *a* is" +" a Python list." +msgstr "" +"所有 Python 对象（甚至 Python 整数）都有一个 :dfn:`type` 和一个 :dfn:`reference " +"count`。对象的类型确定它是什么类型的对象（例如整数、列表或用户定义函数；还有更多，如 :ref:`types` " +"中所述）。对于每个众所周知的类型，都有一个宏来检查对象是否属于该类型；例如，当（且仅当） *a* 所指的对象是 Python 列表时 " +"``PyList_Check(a)`` 为真。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:312 +msgid "Reference Counts" +msgstr "引用计数" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:314 +msgid "" +"The reference count is important because today's computers have a finite " +"(and often severely limited) memory size; it counts how many different " +"places there are that have a :term:`strong reference` to an object. Such a " +"place could be another object, or a global (or static) C variable, or a " +"local variable in some C function. When the last :term:`strong reference` to" +" an object is released (i.e. its reference count becomes zero), the object " +"is deallocated. If it contains references to other objects, those references" +" are released. Those other objects may be deallocated in turn, if there are " +"no more references to them, and so on. (There's an obvious problem with " +"objects that reference each other here; for now, the solution is \"don't do " +"that.\")" +msgstr "" +"引用计数之所以重要是因为现有计算机的内存大小是有限的（并且往往限制得很严格）；它会计算有多少不同的地方对一个对象进行了 :term:`strong " +"reference`。 这些地方可以是另一个对象，也可以是全局（或静态）C 变量，或是某个 C 函数中的局部变量。 当某个对象的最后一个 " +":term:`strong reference` 被释放时（即其引用计数变为零），该对象就会被取消分配。 " +"如果该对象包含对其他对象的引用，则会释放这些引用。 如果不再有对其他对象的引用，这些对象也会同样地被取消分配，依此类推。 " +"（在这里对象之间的相互引用显然是个问题；目前的解决办法，就是“不要这样做”。）" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Reference counts are always manipulated explicitly. The normal way is to " +"use the macro :c:func:`Py_INCREF` to take a new reference to an object (i.e." +" increment its reference count by one), and :c:func:`Py_DECREF` to release " +"that reference (i.e. decrement the reference count by one). The " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` macro is considerably more complex than the incref one, " +"since it must check whether the reference count becomes zero and then cause " +"the object's deallocator to be called. The deallocator is a function " +"pointer contained in the object's type structure. The type-specific " +"deallocator takes care of releasing references for other objects contained " +"in the object if this is a compound object type, such as a list, as well as " +"performing any additional finalization that's needed. There's no chance " +"that the reference count can overflow; at least as many bits are used to " +"hold the reference count as there are distinct memory locations in virtual " +"memory (assuming ``sizeof(Py_ssize_t) >= sizeof(void*)``). Thus, the " +"reference count increment is a simple operation." +msgstr "" +"对于引用计数总是会显式地执行操作。 通常的做法是使用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 宏来获取对象的新引用（即让引用计数加一），并使用 " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` 宏来释放引用（即让引用计数减一）。 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 宏比 incref " +"宏复杂得多，因为它必须检查引用计数是否为零然后再调用对象的释放器。 释放器是一个函数指针，它包含在对象的类型结构体中。 " +"如果对象是复合对象类型，如列表，则特定于类型的释放器会负责释放对象中包含的其他对象的引用，并执行所需的其他终结化操作。 " +"引用计数不会发生溢出；用于保存引用计数的位数至少会与虚拟内存中不同内存位置的位数相同 (假设 ``sizeof(Py_ssize_t) >= " +"sizeof(void*)``)。 因此，引用计数的递增是一个简单的操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:347 +msgid "" +"It is not necessary to hold a :term:`strong reference` (i.e. increment the " +"reference count) for every local variable that contains a pointer to an " +"object. In theory, the object's reference count goes up by one when the " +"variable is made to point to it and it goes down by one when the variable " +"goes out of scope. However, these two cancel each other out, so at the end" +" the reference count hasn't changed. The only real reason to use the " +"reference count is to prevent the object from being deallocated as long as " +"our variable is pointing to it. If we know that there is at least one " +"other reference to the object that lives at least as long as our variable, " +"there is no need to take a new :term:`strong reference` (i.e. increment the " +"reference count) temporarily. An important situation where this arises is in" +" objects that are passed as arguments to C functions in an extension module" +" that are called from Python; the call mechanism guarantees to hold a " +"reference to every argument for the duration of the call." +msgstr "" +"没有必要为每个包含指向对象指针的局部变量持有 :term:`strong reference` (即增加引用计数)。 " +"理论上说，当变量指向对象时对象的引用计数就会加一，而当变量离开其作用域时引用计数就会减一。 不过，这两种情况会相互抵消，所以最后引用计数并没有改变。 " +"使用引用计数的唯一真正原因在于只要我们的变量指向对象就可以防止对象被释放。 " +"只要我们知道至少还有一个指向某对象的引用与我们的变量同时存在，就没有必要临时获取一个新的 :term:`strong reference` " +"(即增加引用计数)。 出现引用计数增加的一种重要情况是对象作为参数被传递给扩展模块中的 C 函数而这些函数又在 Python " +"中被调用；调用机制会保证在调用期间对每个参数持有一个引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:363 +msgid "" +"However, a common pitfall is to extract an object from a list and hold on to" +" it for a while without taking a new reference. Some other operation might " +"conceivably remove the object from the list, releasing that reference, and " +"possibly deallocating it. The real danger is that innocent-looking " +"operations may invoke arbitrary Python code which could do this; there is a " +"code path which allows control to flow back to the user from a " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF`, so almost any operation is potentially dangerous." +msgstr "" +"然而，一个常见的陷阱是从列表中提取对象并在不获取新引用的情况下将其保留一段时间。 " +"某个其他操作可能在无意中从列表中移除该对象，释放这个引用，并可能撤销分配其资源。 真正的危险在于看似无害的操作可能会唤起任意的 Python " +"代码来做这件事；有一条代码路径允许控制权从 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 流回到用户，因此几乎任何操作都有潜在的危险。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:371 +msgid "" +"A safe approach is to always use the generic operations (functions whose " +"name begins with ``PyObject_``, ``PyNumber_``, ``PySequence_`` or " +"``PyMapping_``). These operations always create a new :term:`strong " +"reference` (i.e. increment the reference count) of the object they return. " +"This leaves the caller with the responsibility to call :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"when they are done with the result; this soon becomes second nature." +msgstr "" +"安全的做法是始终使用泛型操作（名称以 ``PyObject_``, ``PyNumber_``, ``PySequence_`` 或 " +"``PyMapping_`` 开头的函数）。 这些操作总是为其返回的对象创建一个新的 :term:`strong reference` " +"(即增加引用计数)。 这使得调用者有责任在获得结果之后调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF`；这种做法很快就能习惯成自然。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:382 +msgid "Reference Count Details" +msgstr "引用计数细节" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:384 +msgid "" +"The reference count behavior of functions in the Python/C API is best " +"explained in terms of *ownership of references*. Ownership pertains to " +"references, never to objects (objects are not owned: they are always " +"shared). \"Owning a reference\" means being responsible for calling " +"Py_DECREF on it when the reference is no longer needed. Ownership can also " +"be transferred, meaning that the code that receives ownership of the " +"reference then becomes responsible for eventually releasing it by calling " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` or :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` when it's no longer needed---or " +"passing on this responsibility (usually to its caller). When a function " +"passes ownership of a reference on to its caller, the caller is said to " +"receive a *new* reference. When no ownership is transferred, the caller is " +"said to *borrow* the reference. Nothing needs to be done for a " +":term:`borrowed reference`." +msgstr "" +"Python/C API 中函数的引用计数最好是使用 *引用所有权* 来解释。 所有权是关联到引用，而不是对象（对象不能被拥有：它们总是会被共享）。 " +"“拥有一个引用”意味着当不再需要该引用时必须在其上调用 Py_DECREF。 " +"所有权也可以被转移，这意味着接受该引用所有权的代码在不再需要它时必须通过调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 或 " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 来最终释放它 --- 或是继续转移这个责任（通常是转给其调用方）。 " +"当一个函数将引用所有权转给其调用方时，则称调用方收到一个 *新的* 引用。 当未转移所有权时，则称调用方是 *借入* 这个引用。 对于 " +":term:`borrowed reference` 来说不需要任何额外操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:397 +msgid "" +"Conversely, when a calling function passes in a reference to an object, " +"there are two possibilities: the function *steals* a reference to the " +"object, or it does not. *Stealing a reference* means that when you pass a " +"reference to a function, that function assumes that it now owns that " +"reference, and you are not responsible for it any longer." +msgstr "" +"相反地，当调用方函数传入一个对象的引用时，存在两种可能：该函数 *窃取* 了一个对象的引用，或是没有窃取。 *窃取引用* " +"意味着当你向一个函数传入引用时，该函数会假定它拥有该引用，而你将不再对它负有责任。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Few functions steal references; the two notable exceptions are " +":c:func:`PyList_SetItem` and :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem`, which steal a " +"reference to the item (but not to the tuple or list into which the item is " +"put!). These functions were designed to steal a reference because of a " +"common idiom for populating a tuple or list with newly created objects; for " +"example, the code to create the tuple ``(1, 2, \"three\")`` could look like " +"this (forgetting about error handling for the moment; a better way to code " +"this is shown below)::" +msgstr "" +"很少有函数会窃取引用；两个重要的例外是 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` 和 " +":c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem`，它们会窃取对条目的引用（但不是条目所在的元组或列表！）。 " +"这些函数被设计为会窃取引用是因为在使用新创建的对象来填充元组或列表时有一个通常的惯例；例如，创建元组 ``(1, 2, \"three\")`` " +"的代码看起来可以是这样的（暂时不要管错误处理；下面会显示更好的代码编写方式）::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:415 +msgid "" +"PyObject *t;\n" +"\n" +"t = PyTuple_New(3);\n" +"PyTuple_SetItem(t, 0, PyLong_FromLong(1L));\n" +"PyTuple_SetItem(t, 1, PyLong_FromLong(2L));\n" +"PyTuple_SetItem(t, 2, PyUnicode_FromString(\"three\"));" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *t;\n" +"\n" +"t = PyTuple_New(3);\n" +"PyTuple_SetItem(t, 0, PyLong_FromLong(1L));\n" +"PyTuple_SetItem(t, 1, PyLong_FromLong(2L));\n" +"PyTuple_SetItem(t, 2, PyUnicode_FromString(\"three\"));" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Here, :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` returns a new reference which is immediately" +" stolen by :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem`. When you want to keep using an object" +" although the reference to it will be stolen, use :c:func:`Py_INCREF` to " +"grab another reference before calling the reference-stealing function." +msgstr "" +"在这里，:c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` 返回了一个新的引用并且它立即被 :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` 所窃取。" +" 当你想要继续使用一个对象而对它的引用将被窃取时，请在调用窃取引用的函数之前使用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 来抓取另一个引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:427 +msgid "" +"Incidentally, :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` is the *only* way to set tuple " +"items; :c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` and :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` refuse to" +" do this since tuples are an immutable data type. You should only use " +":c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` for tuples that you are creating yourself." +msgstr "" +"顺便提一下，:c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` 是设置元组条目的 *唯一* " +"方式；:c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` " +"会拒绝这样做因为元组是不可变数据类型。 你应当只对你自己创建的元组使用 :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem`。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Equivalent code for populating a list can be written using " +":c:func:`PyList_New` and :c:func:`PyList_SetItem`." +msgstr "等价于填充一个列表的代码可以使用 :c:func:`PyList_New` 和 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` 来编写。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:435 +msgid "" +"However, in practice, you will rarely use these ways of creating and " +"populating a tuple or list. There's a generic function, " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, that can create most common objects from C values, " +"directed by a :dfn:`format string`. For example, the above two blocks of " +"code could be replaced by the following (which also takes care of the error " +"checking)::" +msgstr "" +"然而，在实践中，你很少会使用这些创建和填充元组或列表的方式。 有一个通用的函数 :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 可以根据 C " +"值来创建大多数常用对象，由一个 :dfn:`格式字符串` 来指明。 例如，上面的两个代码块可以用下面的代码来代替（还会负责错误检测）::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:441 +msgid "" +"PyObject *tuple, *list;\n" +"\n" +"tuple = Py_BuildValue(\"(iis)\", 1, 2, \"three\");\n" +"list = Py_BuildValue(\"[iis]\", 1, 2, \"three\");" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *tuple, *list;\n" +"\n" +"tuple = Py_BuildValue(\"(iis)\", 1, 2, \"three\");\n" +"list = Py_BuildValue(\"[iis]\", 1, 2, \"three\");" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:446 +msgid "" +"It is much more common to use :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` and friends with " +"items whose references you are only borrowing, like arguments that were " +"passed in to the function you are writing. In that case, their behaviour " +"regarding references is much saner, since you don't have to take a new " +"reference just so you can give that reference away (\"have it be stolen\")." +" For example, this function sets all items of a list (actually, any mutable" +" sequence) to a given item::" +msgstr "" +"在对条目使用 :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` 等操作时更常见的做法是只借入引用，比如将参数传递给你正在编写的函数。 " +"在这种情况下，它们在引用方面的行为更为清晰，因为你不必为了把引用转走而获取一个新的引用（“让它被偷取”）。 " +"例如，这个函数将列表（实际上是任何可变序列）中的所有条目都设为给定的条目::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:453 +msgid "" +"int\n" +"set_all(PyObject *target, PyObject *item)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_ssize_t i, n;\n" +"\n" +" n = PyObject_Length(target);\n" +" if (n < 0)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n" +" PyObject *index = PyLong_FromSsize_t(i);\n" +" if (!index)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" if (PyObject_SetItem(target, index, item) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(index);\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_DECREF(index);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"int\n" +"set_all(PyObject *target, PyObject *item)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_ssize_t i, n;\n" +"\n" +" n = PyObject_Length(target);\n" +" if (n < 0)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n" +" PyObject *index = PyLong_FromSsize_t(i);\n" +" if (!index)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" if (PyObject_SetItem(target, index, item) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(index);\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_DECREF(index);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:476 +msgid "" +"The situation is slightly different for function return values. While " +"passing a reference to most functions does not change your ownership " +"responsibilities for that reference, many functions that return a reference" +" to an object give you ownership of the reference. The reason is simple: in " +"many cases, the returned object is created on the fly, and the reference " +"you get is the only reference to the object. Therefore, the generic " +"functions that return object references, like :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` and" +" :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`, always return a new reference (the caller " +"becomes the owner of the reference)." +msgstr "" +"对于函数返回值的情况略有不同。 虽然向大多数函数传递一个引用不会改变你对该引用的所有权责任，但许多返回一个引用的函数会给你该引用的所有权。 " +"原因很简单：在许多情况下，返回的对象是临时创建的，而你得到的引用是对该对象的唯一引用。 因此，返回对象引用的通用函数，如 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` 和 " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`，将总是返回一个新的引用（调用方将成为该引用的所有者）。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:485 +msgid "" +"It is important to realize that whether you own a reference returned by a " +"function depends on which function you call only --- *the plumage* (the type" +" of the object passed as an argument to the function) *doesn't enter into " +"it!* Thus, if you extract an item from a list using " +":c:func:`PyList_GetItem`, you don't own the reference --- but if you obtain " +"the same item from the same list using :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem` (which " +"happens to take exactly the same arguments), you do own a reference to the " +"returned object." +msgstr "" +"一个需要了解的重点在于你是否拥有一个由函数返回的引用只取决于你所调用的函数 --- *附带物* (作为参数传给函数的对象的类型) *不会带来额外影响！*" +" 因此，如果你使用 :c:func:`PyList_GetItem` 从一个列表提取条目，你并不会拥有其引用 --- 但是如果你使用 " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetItem` (它恰好接受完全相同的参数) 从同一个列表获取同样的条目，你就会拥有一个对所返回对象的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Here is an example of how you could write a function that computes the sum " +"of the items in a list of integers; once using :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`, " +"and once using :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`. ::" +msgstr "" +"下面是说明你要如何编写一个函数来计算一个整数列表中条目的示例；一个是使用 :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`，而另一个是使用 " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`。 ::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:501 +msgid "" +"long\n" +"sum_list(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_ssize_t i, n;\n" +" long total = 0, value;\n" +" PyObject *item;\n" +"\n" +" n = PyList_Size(list);\n" +" if (n < 0)\n" +" return -1; /* Not a list */\n" +" for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n" +" item = PyList_GetItem(list, i); /* Can't fail */\n" +" if (!PyLong_Check(item)) continue; /* Skip non-integers */\n" +" value = PyLong_AsLong(item);\n" +" if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())\n" +" /* Integer too big to fit in a C long, bail out */\n" +" return -1;\n" +" total += value;\n" +" }\n" +" return total;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"long\n" +"sum_list(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_ssize_t i, n;\n" +" long total = 0, value;\n" +" PyObject *item;\n" +"\n" +" n = PyList_Size(list);\n" +" if (n < 0)\n" +" return -1; /* Not a list */\n" +" for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n" +" item = PyList_GetItem(list, i); /* 不能失败 */\n" +" if (!PyLong_Check(item)) continue; /* 跳过非整数 */\n" +" value = PyLong_AsLong(item);\n" +" if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())\n" +" /* 太大的整数无法适应 C long 类型，放弃 */\n" +" return -1;\n" +" total += value;\n" +" }\n" +" return total;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:527 +msgid "" +"long\n" +"sum_sequence(PyObject *sequence)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_ssize_t i, n;\n" +" long total = 0, value;\n" +" PyObject *item;\n" +" n = PySequence_Length(sequence);\n" +" if (n < 0)\n" +" return -1; /* Has no length */\n" +" for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n" +" item = PySequence_GetItem(sequence, i);\n" +" if (item == NULL)\n" +" return -1; /* Not a sequence, or other failure */\n" +" if (PyLong_Check(item)) {\n" +" value = PyLong_AsLong(item);\n" +" Py_DECREF(item);\n" +" if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())\n" +" /* Integer too big to fit in a C long, bail out */\n" +" return -1;\n" +" total += value;\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" Py_DECREF(item); /* Discard reference ownership */\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" return total;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"long\n" +"sum_sequence(PyObject *sequence)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_ssize_t i, n;\n" +" long total = 0, value;\n" +" PyObject *item;\n" +" n = PySequence_Length(sequence);\n" +" if (n < 0)\n" +" return -1; /* 没有长度 */\n" +" for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n" +" item = PySequence_GetItem(sequence, i);\n" +" if (item == NULL)\n" +" return -1; /* 不是序列，或其他错误 */\n" +" if (PyLong_Check(item)) {\n" +" value = PyLong_AsLong(item);\n" +" Py_DECREF(item);\n" +" if (value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())\n" +" /* 太大的整数无法适应 C long 类型，放弃 */\n" +" return -1;\n" +" total += value;\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" Py_DECREF(item); /* 丢弃引用所有权 */\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" return total;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:561 +msgid "Types" +msgstr "类型" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:563 +msgid "" +"There are few other data types that play a significant role in the Python/C" +" API; most are simple C types such as :c:expr:`int`, :c:expr:`long`, " +":c:expr:`double` and :c:expr:`char*`. A few structure types are used to " +"describe static tables used to list the functions exported by a module or " +"the data attributes of a new object type, and another is used to describe " +"the value of a complex number. These will be discussed together with the " +"functions that use them." +msgstr "" +"在 Python/C API 中扮演重要角色的其他数据类型很少；大多为简单 C 类型如 :c:expr:`int`, :c:expr:`long`, " +":c:expr:`double` 和 :c:expr:`char*` 等。 " +"有一些结构类型被用来燃烧液体于列出模块所导出的函数或者某个新对象类型的个的一个，还有一个结构类型被用来描述复数的值。 " +"这些结构类型将与使用它们的函数放到一起讨论。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:573 +msgid "" +"A signed integral type such that ``sizeof(Py_ssize_t) == sizeof(size_t)``. " +"C99 doesn't define such a thing directly (size_t is an unsigned integral " +"type). See :pep:`353` for details. ``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` is the largest " +"positive value of type :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "" +"一个使得 ``sizeof(Py_ssize_t) == sizeof(size_t)`` 的有符号整数类型。 C99 " +"没有直接定义这样的东西（size_t 是一个无符号整数类型）。 请参阅 :pep:`353` 了解详情。 ``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` 是 " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 类型的最大正数值。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:582 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:584 +msgid "" +"The Python programmer only needs to deal with exceptions if specific error " +"handling is required; unhandled exceptions are automatically propagated to " +"the caller, then to the caller's caller, and so on, until they reach the " +"top-level interpreter, where they are reported to the user accompanied by a" +" stack traceback." +msgstr "" +"Python程序员只需要处理特定需要处理的错误异常；未处理的异常会自动传递给调用者，然后传递给调用者的调用者，依此类推，直到他们到达顶级解释器，在那里将它们报告给用户并伴随堆栈回溯。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:592 +msgid "" +"For C programmers, however, error checking always has to be explicit. All " +"functions in the Python/C API can raise exceptions, unless an explicit claim" +" is made otherwise in a function's documentation. In general, when a " +"function encounters an error, it sets an exception, discards any object " +"references that it owns, and returns an error indicator. If not documented " +"otherwise, this indicator is either ``NULL`` or ``-1``, depending on the " +"function's return type. A few functions return a Boolean true/false result, " +"with false indicating an error. Very few functions return no explicit error" +" indicator or have an ambiguous return value, and require explicit testing " +"for errors with :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred`. These exceptions are always " +"explicitly documented." +msgstr "" +"然而，对于 C 程序员来说，错误检查必须总是显式进行的。 Python/C API 中的所有函数都可以引发异常，除非在函数的文档中另外显式声明。 " +"一般来说，当一个函数遇到错误时，它会设置一个异常，丢弃它所拥有的任何对象引用，并返回一个错误标示。 如果没有说明例外的文档，这个标示将为 " +"``NULL`` 或 ``-1``，具体取决于函数的返回类型。 有少量函数会返回一个布尔真/假结果值，其中假值表示错误。 " +"有极少的函数没有显式的错误标示或是具有不明确的返回值，并需要用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来进行显式的检测。 " +"这些例外总是会被明确地记入文档中。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:607 +msgid "" +"Exception state is maintained in per-thread storage (this is equivalent to " +"using global storage in an unthreaded application). A thread can be in one" +" of two states: an exception has occurred, or not. The function " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` can be used to check for this: it returns a " +"borrowed reference to the exception type object when an exception has " +"occurred, and ``NULL`` otherwise. There are a number of functions to set " +"the exception state: :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` is the most common (though " +"not the most general) function to set the exception state, and " +":c:func:`PyErr_Clear` clears the exception state." +msgstr "" +"异常状态是在各个线程的存储中维护的（这相当于在一个无线程的应用中使用全局存储）。 一个线程可以处在两种状态之一：异常已经发生，或者没有发生。 函数 " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 可以被用来检查此状态：当异常发生时它将返回一个借入的异常类型对象的引用，在其他情况下则返回 " +"``NULL``。 有多个函数可以设置异常状态: :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` " +"是最常见的（尽管不是最通用的）设置异常状态的函数，而 :c:func:`PyErr_Clear` 可以清除异常状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:617 +msgid "" +"The full exception state consists of three objects (all of which can be " +"``NULL``): the exception type, the corresponding exception value, and the " +"traceback. These have the same meanings as the Python result of " +"``sys.exc_info()``; however, they are not the same: the Python objects " +"represent the last exception being handled by a Python :keyword:`try` ... " +":keyword:`except` statement, while the C level exception state only exists " +"while an exception is being passed on between C functions until it reaches " +"the Python bytecode interpreter's main loop, which takes care of " +"transferring it to ``sys.exc_info()`` and friends." +msgstr "" +"完整的异常状态由三个对象组成 (它为都可以为 ``NULL``): 异常类型、相应的异常值，以及回溯信息。 这些对象的含义与 Python 中 " +"``sys.exc_info()`` 的结果相同；然而，它们并不是一样的：Python 对象代表由 Python :keyword:`try` ..." +" :keyword:`except` 语句所处理的最后一个异常，而 C 层级的异常状态只在异常被传入到 C 函数或在它们之间传递时存在直至其到达 " +"Python 字节码解释器的主事件循环，该事件循环会负责将其转移至 ``sys.exc_info()`` 等处。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:629 +msgid "" +"Note that starting with Python 1.5, the preferred, thread-safe way to access" +" the exception state from Python code is to call the function " +":func:`sys.exc_info`, which returns the per-thread exception state for " +"Python code. Also, the semantics of both ways to access the exception state" +" have changed so that a function which catches an exception will save and " +"restore its thread's exception state so as to preserve the exception state " +"of its caller. This prevents common bugs in exception handling code caused " +"by an innocent-looking function overwriting the exception being handled; it " +"also reduces the often unwanted lifetime extension for objects that are " +"referenced by the stack frames in the traceback." +msgstr "" +"请注意自 Python 1.5 开始，从 Python 代码访问异常状态的首选的、线程安全的方式是调用函数 " +":func:`sys.exc_info`，它将返回 Python 代码的分线程异常状态。 " +"此外，这两种访问异常状态的方式的语义都发生了变化因而捕获到异常的函数将保存并恢复其线程的异常状态以保留其调用方的异常状态。 " +"这将防止异常处理代码中由一个看起来很无辜的函数覆盖了正在处理的异常所造成的常见错误；它还减少了在回溯由栈帧所引用的对象的往往不被需要的生命其延长。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:640 +msgid "" +"As a general principle, a function that calls another function to perform " +"some task should check whether the called function raised an exception, and" +" if so, pass the exception state on to its caller. It should discard any " +"object references that it owns, and return an error indicator, but it " +"should *not* set another exception --- that would overwrite the exception " +"that was just raised, and lose important information about the exact cause " +"of the error." +msgstr "" +"作为一般的原则，一个调用另一个函数来执行某些任务的函数应当检查被调用的函数是否引发了异常，并在引发异常时将异常状态传递给其调用方。 " +"它应当丢弃它所拥有的任何对象引用，并返回一个错误标示，但它 *不应* 设置另一个异常 --- 那会覆盖刚引发的异常，并丢失有关错误确切原因的重要信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:649 +msgid "" +"A simple example of detecting exceptions and passing them on is shown in the" +" :c:func:`!sum_sequence` example above. It so happens that this example " +"doesn't need to clean up any owned references when it detects an error. The" +" following example function shows some error cleanup. First, to remind you " +"why you like Python, we show the equivalent Python code::" +msgstr "" +"上面的 :c:func:`!sum_sequence` 示例是一个检测异常并将其传递出去的简单例子。 " +"碰巧的是这个示例在检测到错误时不需要清理所拥有的任何引用。 下面的示例函数展示了一些错误清理操作。 首先，为了提醒你 Python " +"的受欢迎程度，我们展示了等价的 Python 代码::" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:655 +msgid "" +"def incr_item(dict, key):\n" +" try:\n" +" item = dict[key]\n" +" except KeyError:\n" +" item = 0\n" +" dict[key] = item + 1" +msgstr "" +"def incr_item(dict, key):\n" +" try:\n" +" item = dict[key]\n" +" except KeyError:\n" +" item = 0\n" +" dict[key] = item + 1" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:664 +msgid "Here is the corresponding C code, in all its glory::" +msgstr "对应的 C 代码如下：" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:666 +msgid "" +"int\n" +"incr_item(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key)\n" +"{\n" +" /* Objects all initialized to NULL for Py_XDECREF */\n" +" PyObject *item = NULL, *const_one = NULL, *incremented_item = NULL;\n" +" int rv = -1; /* Return value initialized to -1 (failure) */\n" +"\n" +" item = PyObject_GetItem(dict, key);\n" +" if (item == NULL) {\n" +" /* Handle KeyError only: */\n" +" if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError))\n" +" goto error;\n" +"\n" +" /* Clear the error and use zero: */\n" +" PyErr_Clear();\n" +" item = PyLong_FromLong(0L);\n" +" if (item == NULL)\n" +" goto error;\n" +" }\n" +" const_one = PyLong_FromLong(1L);\n" +" if (const_one == NULL)\n" +" goto error;\n" +"\n" +" incremented_item = PyNumber_Add(item, const_one);\n" +" if (incremented_item == NULL)\n" +" goto error;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyObject_SetItem(dict, key, incremented_item) < 0)\n" +" goto error;\n" +" rv = 0; /* Success */\n" +" /* Continue with cleanup code */\n" +"\n" +" error:\n" +" /* Cleanup code, shared by success and failure path */\n" +"\n" +" /* Use Py_XDECREF() to ignore NULL references */\n" +" Py_XDECREF(item);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(const_one);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(incremented_item);\n" +"\n" +" return rv; /* -1 for error, 0 for success */\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"int\n" +"incr_item(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key)\n" +"{\n" +" /* 对象全部初始化为 NULL 用于 Py_XDECREF */\n" +" PyObject *item = NULL, *const_one = NULL, *incremented_item = NULL;\n" +" int rv = -1; /* 返回值初始化为 -1 (失败) */\n" +"\n" +" item = PyObject_GetItem(dict, key);\n" +" if (item == NULL) {\n" +" /* 只处理 KeyError: */\n" +" if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError))\n" +" goto error;\n" +"\n" +" /* 清除错误并使用零: */\n" +" PyErr_Clear();\n" +" item = PyLong_FromLong(0L);\n" +" if (item == NULL)\n" +" goto error;\n" +" }\n" +" const_one = PyLong_FromLong(1L);\n" +" if (const_one == NULL)\n" +" goto error;\n" +"\n" +" incremented_item = PyNumber_Add(item, const_one);\n" +" if (incremented_item == NULL)\n" +" goto error;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyObject_SetItem(dict, key, incremented_item) < 0)\n" +" goto error;\n" +" rv = 0; /* 成功 */\n" +" /* 继续执行清理代码 */\n" +"\n" +" error:\n" +" /* 清理代码，由成功和失败路径所共享 */\n" +"\n" +" /* 使用 Py_XDECREF() 以忽略 NULL 引用 */\n" +" Py_XDECREF(item);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(const_one);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(incremented_item);\n" +"\n" +" return rv; /* -1 表示错误, 0 表示成功 */\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:716 +msgid "" +"This example represents an endorsed use of the ``goto`` statement in C! It " +"illustrates the use of :c:func:`PyErr_ExceptionMatches` and " +":c:func:`PyErr_Clear` to handle specific exceptions, and the use of " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF` to dispose of owned references that may be ``NULL`` " +"(note the ``'X'`` in the name; :c:func:`Py_DECREF` would crash when " +"confronted with a ``NULL`` reference). It is important that the variables " +"used to hold owned references are initialized to ``NULL`` for this to work; " +"likewise, the proposed return value is initialized to ``-1`` (failure) and " +"only set to success after the final call made is successful." +msgstr "" +"这个例子代表了 C 语言中 ``goto`` 语句一种受到认可的用法！ 它说明了如何使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_ExceptionMatches` 和 :c:func:`PyErr_Clear` 来处理特定的异常，以及如何使用 " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 来处理可能为 ``NULL`` 的自有引用（注意名称中的 " +"``'X'``；:c:func:`Py_DECREF` 在遇到 ``NULL`` 引用时将会崩溃）。 重要的一点在于用来保存自有引用的变量要被初始化为 " +"``NULL`` 才能发挥作用；类似地，建议的返回值也要被初始化为 ``-1`` (失败) 并且只有在最终执行的调用成功后才会被设置为成功。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:730 +msgid "Embedding Python" +msgstr "嵌入Python" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:732 +msgid "" +"The one important task that only embedders (as opposed to extension writers)" +" of the Python interpreter have to worry about is the initialization, and " +"possibly the finalization, of the Python interpreter. Most functionality of" +" the interpreter can only be used after the interpreter has been " +"initialized." +msgstr "" +"只有 Python 解释器的嵌入方（相对于扩展编写者而言）才需要担心的一项重要任务是它的初始化，可能还有它的最终化。 " +"解释器的大多数功能只有在解释器被初始化之后才能被使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:745 +msgid "" +"The basic initialization function is :c:func:`Py_Initialize`. This " +"initializes the table of loaded modules, and creates the fundamental modules" +" :mod:`builtins`, :mod:`__main__`, and :mod:`sys`. It also initializes the " +"module search path (``sys.path``)." +msgstr "" +"基本的初始化函数是 :c:func:`Py_Initialize`。 此函数将初始化已加载模块表，并创建基本模块 :mod:`builtins`, " +":mod:`__main__` 和 :mod:`sys`。 它还将初始化模块搜索路径 (``sys.path``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:750 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` does not set the \"script argument list\" " +"(``sys.argv``). If this variable is needed by Python code that will be " +"executed later, setting :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` and " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` must be set: see :ref:`Python Initialization" +" Configuration `." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` 不会设置 \"脚本参数列表\" (``sys.argv``)。 如果稍后将要执行的 Python " +"代码需要此变量，则要设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` 并且还要设置 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv`: 参见 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:755 +msgid "" +"On most systems (in particular, on Unix and Windows, although the details " +"are slightly different), :c:func:`Py_Initialize` calculates the module " +"search path based upon its best guess for the location of the standard " +"Python interpreter executable, assuming that the Python library is found in " +"a fixed location relative to the Python interpreter executable. In " +"particular, it looks for a directory named :file:`lib/python{X.Y}` relative " +"to the parent directory where the executable named :file:`python` is found " +"on the shell command search path (the environment variable :envvar:`PATH`)." +msgstr "" +"在大多数系统上（特别是 Unix 和 Windows，虽然在细节上有所不同），:c:func:`Py_Initialize` 将根据对标准 Python" +" 解释器可执行文件的位置的最佳猜测来计算模块搜索路径，并设定 Python 库可在相对于 Python 解释器可执行文件的固定位置上找到。 " +"特别地，它将相对于在 shell 命令搜索路径 (环境变量 :envvar:`PATH`) 上找到的名为 :file:`python` " +"的可执行文件所在父目录中查找名为 :file:`lib/python{X.Y}` 的目录。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:764 +msgid "" +"For instance, if the Python executable is found in " +":file:`/usr/local/bin/python`, it will assume that the libraries are in " +":file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}`. (In fact, this particular path is also " +"the \"fallback\" location, used when no executable file named :file:`python`" +" is found along :envvar:`PATH`.) The user can override this behavior by " +"setting the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONHOME`, or insert additional " +"directories in front of the standard path by setting :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`." +msgstr "" +"举例来说，如果 Python 可执行文件位于 :file:`/usr/local/bin/python`，它将假定库位于 " +":file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}`。 （实际上，这个特定路径还将成为“回退”位置，会在当无法在 " +":envvar:`PATH` 中找到名为 :file:`python` 的可执行文件时被使用。） 用户可以通过设置环境变量 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME`，或通过设置 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 在标准路径之前插入额外的目录来覆盖此行为。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:778 +msgid "" +"The embedding application can steer the search by setting " +":c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` *before* calling " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`. Note that :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` still " +"overrides this and :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` is still inserted in front of the " +"standard path. An application that requires total control has to provide " +"its own implementation of :c:func:`Py_GetPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`, and :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath` (all defined" +" in :file:`Modules/getpath.c`)." +msgstr "" +"嵌入的应用程序可以通过在调用 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` *之前* 设置 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` 来调整搜索。 请注意 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 仍然会覆盖此设置并且" +" :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 仍然会被插入到标准路径之前。 需要完整控制权的应用程序必须提供它自己的 " +":c:func:`Py_GetPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath` 实现（这些函数均在 :file:`Modules/getpath.c` 中定义）。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:789 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, it is desirable to \"uninitialize\" Python. For instance, the " +"application may want to start over (make another call to " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize`) or the application is simply done with its use of " +"Python and wants to free memory allocated by Python. This can be " +"accomplished by calling :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx`. The function " +":c:func:`Py_IsInitialized` returns true if Python is currently in the " +"initialized state. More information about these functions is given in a " +"later chapter. Notice that :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` does *not* free all " +"memory allocated by the Python interpreter, e.g. memory allocated by " +"extension modules currently cannot be released." +msgstr "" +"有时，还需要对 Python 进行“反初始化”。 例如，应用程序可能想要重新启动 (再次调用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize`) " +"或者应用程序对 Python 的使用已经完成并想要释放 Python 所分配的内存。 这可以通过调用 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` " +"来实现。 如果当前 Python 处于已初始化状态则 :c:func:`Py_IsInitialized` 函数将返回真值。 " +"有关这些函数的更多信息将在之后的章节中给出。 请注意 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` *不会* 释放所有由 Python " +"解释器所分配的内存，例如由扩展模块所分配的内存目前是不会被释放的。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:803 +msgid "Debugging Builds" +msgstr "调试构建" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:805 +msgid "" +"Python can be built with several macros to enable extra checks of the " +"interpreter and extension modules. These checks tend to add a large amount " +"of overhead to the runtime so they are not enabled by default." +msgstr "Python 可以附带某些宏来编译以启用对解释器和扩展模块的额外检查。 这些检查会给运行时增加大量额外开销因此它们默认未被启用。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:809 +msgid "" +"A full list of the various types of debugging builds is in the file " +":file:`Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt` in the Python source distribution. Builds are" +" available that support tracing of reference counts, debugging the memory " +"allocator, or low-level profiling of the main interpreter loop. Only the " +"most frequently used builds will be described in the remainder of this " +"section." +msgstr "" +"各种调试构建版的完整列表见 Python 源代码颁发包中的 :file:`Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt`。 " +"可用的构建版有支持追踪引用计数，调试内存分配器，或是对主解释器事件循环的低层级性能分析等等。 本节的剩余部分将只介绍最常用的几种构建版。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:817 +msgid "" +"Compiling the interpreter with the :c:macro:`!Py_DEBUG` macro defined " +"produces what is generally meant by :ref:`a debug build of Python `. :c:macro:`!Py_DEBUG` is enabled in the Unix build by adding " +":option:`--with-pydebug` to the :file:`./configure` command. It is also " +"implied by the presence of the not-Python-specific :c:macro:`!_DEBUG` macro." +" When :c:macro:`!Py_DEBUG` is enabled in the Unix build, compiler " +"optimization is disabled." +msgstr "" +"在定义了 :c:macro:`!Py_DEBUG` 宏的情况下编译解释器将产生通常所称的 :ref:`Python 调试构建版 `。 :c:macro:`!Py_DEBUG` 在 Unix 编译版中是通过添加 :option:`--with-pydebug` 到 " +":file:`./configure` 命令来启用的。 它也可以通过提供非 Python 专属的 :c:macro:`!_DEBUG` 宏来启用。 当 " +":c:macro:`!Py_DEBUG` 在 Unix 编译版中启用时，编译器优化将被禁用。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:825 +msgid "" +"In addition to the reference count debugging described below, extra checks " +"are performed, see :ref:`Python Debug Build `." +msgstr "除了下文描述的引用计数调试，还会执行额外检查，请参阅 :ref:`Python Debug Build `。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:828 +msgid "" +"Defining :c:macro:`Py_TRACE_REFS` enables reference tracing (see the " +":option:`configure --with-trace-refs option <--with-trace-refs>`). When " +"defined, a circular doubly linked list of active objects is maintained by " +"adding two extra fields to every :c:type:`PyObject`. Total allocations are " +"tracked as well. Upon exit, all existing references are printed. (In " +"interactive mode this happens after every statement run by the interpreter.)" +msgstr "" +"定义 :c:macro:`Py_TRACE_REFS` 将启用引用追踪 (参见 :option:`configure --with-trace-refs" +" 选项 <--with-trace-refs>`)。 当定义了此宏时，将通过在每个 :c:type:`PyObject` " +"上添加两个额外字段来维护一个活动对象的循环双链列表。 总的分配量也会被追踪。 在退出时，所有现存的引用将被打印出来。 " +"（在交互模式下这将在解释器运行每条语句之后发生）。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:835 +msgid "" +"Please refer to :file:`Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt` in the Python source " +"distribution for more detailed information." +msgstr "有关更多详细信息，请参阅Python源代码中的 :file:`Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:288 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:288 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:327 +msgid "Py_INCREF (C function)" +msgstr "Py_INCREF (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:327 +msgid "Py_DECREF (C function)" +msgstr "Py_DECREF (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:403 +msgid "PyList_SetItem (C function)" +msgstr "PyList_SetItem (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:403 +msgid "PyTuple_SetItem (C function)" +msgstr "PyTuple_SetItem (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:474 +msgid "set_all()" +msgstr "set_all()" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:493 +msgid "PyList_GetItem (C function)" +msgstr "PyList_GetItem (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:493 +msgid "PySequence_GetItem (C function)" +msgstr "PySequence_GetItem (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:523 +msgid "sum_list()" +msgstr "sum_list()" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:555 ../../c-api/intro.rst:647 +msgid "sum_sequence()" +msgstr "sum_sequence()" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:590 +msgid "PyErr_Occurred (C function)" +msgstr "PyErr_Occurred (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:603 +msgid "PyErr_SetString (C function)" +msgstr "PyErr_SetString (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:603 ../../c-api/intro.rst:711 +msgid "PyErr_Clear (C function)" +msgstr "PyErr_Clear (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:627 +msgid "exc_info (in module sys)" +msgstr "exc_info (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:662 ../../c-api/intro.rst:709 +msgid "incr_item()" +msgstr "incr_item()" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:711 +msgid "PyErr_ExceptionMatches (C function)" +msgstr "PyErr_ExceptionMatches (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:711 +msgid "Py_XDECREF (C function)" +msgstr "Py_XDECREF (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "Py_Initialize (C function)" +msgstr "Py_Initialize (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "builtins" +msgstr "builtins" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "__main__" +msgstr "__main__" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "search" +msgstr "搜索" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "path" +msgstr "path" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:737 +msgid "path (in module sys)" +msgstr "path (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:772 +msgid "Py_GetPath (C function)" +msgstr "Py_GetPath (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:772 +msgid "Py_GetPrefix (C function)" +msgstr "Py_GetPrefix (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:772 +msgid "Py_GetExecPrefix (C function)" +msgstr "Py_GetExecPrefix (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:772 +msgid "Py_GetProgramFullPath (C function)" +msgstr "Py_GetProgramFullPath (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/intro.rst:787 +msgid "Py_IsInitialized (C function)" +msgstr "Py_IsInitialized (C 函数)" diff --git a/c-api/iter.po b/c-api/iter.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bfd325793 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/iter.po @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:6 +msgid "Iterator Protocol" +msgstr "迭代器协议" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:8 +msgid "There are two functions specifically for working with iterators." +msgstr "迭代器有两个函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:12 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the object *o* can be safely passed to " +":c:func:`PyIter_Next`, and ``0`` otherwise. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果对象Return non-zero if the object *o* 可以被安全把传给 :c:func:`PyIter_Next` " +"则返回非零值，否则返回 ``0``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the object *o* provides the :class:`AsyncIterator` " +"protocol, and ``0`` otherwise. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 提供了 :class:`AsyncIterator` 协议则返回非零值，否则返回 ``0``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return the next value from the iterator *o*. The object must be an iterator" +" according to :c:func:`PyIter_Check` (it is up to the caller to check this)." +" If there are no remaining values, returns ``NULL`` with no exception set. " +"If an error occurs while retrieving the item, returns ``NULL`` and passes " +"along the exception." +msgstr "" +"从迭代器 *o* 返回下一个值。 对象必须可被 :c:func:`PyIter_Check` 确认为迭代器（需要调用方来负责检查）。 " +"如果没有剩余的值，则返回 ``NULL`` 并且不设置异常。 如果在获取条目时发生了错误，则返回 ``NULL`` 并且传递异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:30 +msgid "" +"To write a loop which iterates over an iterator, the C code should look " +"something like this::" +msgstr "要为迭代器编写一个一个循环，C代码应该看起来像这样 ::" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:33 +msgid "" +"PyObject *iterator = PyObject_GetIter(obj);\n" +"PyObject *item;\n" +"\n" +"if (iterator == NULL) {\n" +" /* propagate error */\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"while ((item = PyIter_Next(iterator))) {\n" +" /* do something with item */\n" +" ...\n" +" /* release reference when done */\n" +" Py_DECREF(item);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"Py_DECREF(iterator);\n" +"\n" +"if (PyErr_Occurred()) {\n" +" /* propagate error */\n" +"}\n" +"else {\n" +" /* continue doing useful work */\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *iterator = PyObject_GetIter(obj);\n" +"PyObject *item;\n" +"\n" +"if (iterator == NULL) {\n" +" /* 传播错误 */\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"while ((item = PyIter_Next(iterator))) {\n" +" /* 对 item 进行一些操作 */\n" +" ...\n" +" /* 完成后释放引用 */\n" +" Py_DECREF(item);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"Py_DECREF(iterator);\n" +"\n" +"if (PyErr_Occurred()) {\n" +" /* 传播错误 */\n" +"}\n" +"else {\n" +" /* 继续进行有用的工作 */\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:59 +msgid "" +"The enum value used to represent different results of :c:func:`PyIter_Send`." +msgstr "用于代表 :c:func:`PyIter_Send` 的不同结果的枚举值。" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:66 +msgid "Sends the *arg* value into the iterator *iter*. Returns:" +msgstr "将 *arg* 值发送到迭代器 *iter*。 返回:" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:68 +msgid "" +"``PYGEN_RETURN`` if iterator returns. Return value is returned via " +"*presult*." +msgstr "``PYGEN_RETURN``，如果迭代器返回的话。 返回值会通过 *presult* 来返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:69 +msgid "" +"``PYGEN_NEXT`` if iterator yields. Yielded value is returned via *presult*." +msgstr "``PYGEN_NEXT``，如果迭代器生成值的话。 生成的值会通过 *presult* 来返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/iter.rst:70 +msgid "" +"``PYGEN_ERROR`` if iterator has raised and exception. *presult* is set to " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "``PYGEN_ERROR``，如果迭代器引发异常的话。 *presult* 会被设为 ``NULL``。" diff --git a/c-api/iterator.po b/c-api/iterator.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ac360749 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/iterator.po @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:6 +msgid "Iterator Objects" +msgstr "迭代器对象" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Python provides two general-purpose iterator objects. The first, a sequence" +" iterator, works with an arbitrary sequence supporting the " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` method. The second works with a callable object" +" and a sentinel value, calling the callable for each item in the sequence, " +"and ending the iteration when the sentinel value is returned." +msgstr "" +"Python 提供了两个通用迭代器对象。 第一个是序列迭代器，它可与支持 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"方法的任意序列一起使用。 第二个迭代器使用一个可调用对象和一个哨兵值，为序列中的每个项目调用可调用对象，并在返回哨兵值时结束迭代。" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Type object for iterator objects returned by :c:func:`PySeqIter_New` and the" +" one-argument form of the :func:`iter` built-in function for built-in " +"sequence types." +msgstr ":c:func:`PySeqIter_New` 返回迭代器对象的类型对象和内置序列类型内置函数 :func:`iter` 的单参数形式。" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return true if the type of *op* is :c:data:`PySeqIter_Type`. This function " +"always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *op* 的类型为 :c:data:`PySeqIter_Type` 则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator that works with a general sequence object, *seq*. The " +"iteration ends when the sequence raises :exc:`IndexError` for the " +"subscripting operation." +msgstr "返回一个与常规序列对象一起使用的迭代器 *seq*。 当序列订阅操作引发 :exc:`IndexError` 时，迭代结束。" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Type object for iterator objects returned by :c:func:`PyCallIter_New` and " +"the two-argument form of the :func:`iter` built-in function." +msgstr "由函数 :c:func:`PyCallIter_New` 和 :func:`iter` 内置函数的双参数形式返回的迭代器对象类型对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Return true if the type of *op* is :c:data:`PyCallIter_Type`. This function" +" always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *op* 的类型为 :c:data:`PyCallIter_Type` 则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/iterator.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Return a new iterator. The first parameter, *callable*, can be any Python " +"callable object that can be called with no parameters; each call to it " +"should return the next item in the iteration. When *callable* returns a " +"value equal to *sentinel*, the iteration will be terminated." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的迭代器。 第一个参数 *callable* 可以是任何可以在没有参数的情况下调用的 Python " +"可调用对象；每次调用都应该返回迭代中的下一个项目。 当 *callable* 返回等于 *sentinel* 的值时，迭代将终止。" diff --git a/c-api/list.po b/c-api/list.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..463563f8c --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/list.po @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Ming Jia <616896512@qq.com>, 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# helloworldSB , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:6 +msgid "List Objects" +msgstr "列表对象" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:13 +msgid "This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python list object." +msgstr "这个C类型 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型代表一个Python列表对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python list type. " +"This is the same object as :class:`list` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这是个属于 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的代表Python列表类型的实例。在Python层面和类型 :class:`list` " +"是同一个对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a list object or an instance of a subtype of the list " +"type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 list 对象或者 list 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a list object, but not an instance of a subtype of the" +" list type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 list 对象但不是 list 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:36 +msgid "Return a new list of length *len* on success, or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "成功时返回一个长度为 *len* 的新列表，失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:40 +msgid "" +"If *len* is greater than zero, the returned list object's items are set to " +"``NULL``. Thus you cannot use abstract API functions such as " +":c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` or expose the object to Python code before " +"setting all items to a real object with :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` or " +":c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM()`. The following APIs are safe APIs before the " +"list is fully initialized: :c:func:`PyList_SetItem()` and " +":c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM()`." +msgstr "" +"当 *len* 大于零时，被返回的列表对象的条目将被设为 ``NULL``。 因此你不能使用抽象 API 函数如 " +":c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` 或者在使用 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` 或 " +":c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM()` 将所有条目设为真实对象之前将对象暴露给 Python 代码。 以下 API " +"在该列表完全初始化之前将是安全的 API: :c:func:`PyList_SetItem()` 和 " +":c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM()`。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Return the length of the list object in *list*; this is equivalent to " +"``len(list)`` on a list object." +msgstr "返回 *list* 中列表对象的长度；这等于在列表对象调用 ``len(list)`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:59 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`PyList_Size`, but without error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyList_Size`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Return the object at position *index* in the list pointed to by *list*. The" +" position must be non-negative; indexing from the end of the list is not " +"supported. If *index* is out of bounds (:code:`<0 or >=len(list)`), return " +"``NULL`` and set an :exc:`IndexError` exception." +msgstr "" +"返回 *list* 所指向的列表中 *index* 位置上的对象。 位置值必须为非负数；不支持从列表末尾反向索引。 如果 *index* 超出范围 " +"(:code:`<0 or >=len(list)`)，则返回 ``NULL`` 并设置 :exc:`IndexError` 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef`, but returns a :term:`borrowed reference` " +"instead of a :term:`strong reference`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef`，但返回一个 :term:`borrowed reference` 而不是 " +":term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:80 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`, but without error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Set the item at index *index* in list to *item*. Return ``0`` on success. " +"If *index* is out of bounds, return ``-1`` and set an :exc:`IndexError` " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"将列表中索引为 *index* 的项设为 *item*。 成功时返回 ``0``。 如果 *index* 超出范围则返回 ``-1`` 并设定 " +":exc:`IndexError` 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:91 +msgid "" +"This function \"steals\" a reference to *item* and discards a reference to " +"an item already in the list at the affected position." +msgstr "此函数会“偷走”一个对 *item* 的引用并丢弃一个对列表中受影响位置上的已有条目的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Macro form of :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` without error checking. This is " +"normally only used to fill in new lists where there is no previous content." +msgstr "不带错误检测的宏版本 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem`。 这通常只被用于新列表中之前没有内容的位置进行填充。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Bounds checking is performed as an assertion if Python is built in " +":ref:`debug mode ` or :option:`with assertions <--with-" +"assertions>`." +msgstr "" +"当 Python 以 :ref:`调试模式 ` 或 :option:`启用断言 <--with-assertions>` " +"构建时将把绑定检测作为断言来执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:106 +msgid "" +"This macro \"steals\" a reference to *item*, and, unlike " +":c:func:`PyList_SetItem`, does *not* discard a reference to any item that is" +" being replaced; any reference in *list* at position *i* will be leaked." +msgstr "" +"该宏会“偷走”一个对 *item* 的引用，但与 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` 不同的是它 *不会* 丢弃对任何被替换条目的引用；在" +" *list* 的 *i* 位置上的任何引用都将被泄露。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Insert the item *item* into list *list* in front of index *index*. Return " +"``0`` if successful; return ``-1`` and set an exception if unsuccessful. " +"Analogous to ``list.insert(index, item)``." +msgstr "" +"将条目 *item* 插入到列表 *list* 索引号 *index* 之前的位置。 如果成功将返回 ``0``；如果不成功则返回 ``-1`` " +"并设置一个异常。 相当于 ``list.insert(index, item)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Append the object *item* at the end of list *list*. Return ``0`` if " +"successful; return ``-1`` and set an exception if unsuccessful. Analogous " +"to ``list.append(item)``." +msgstr "" +"将对象 *item* 添加到列表 *list* 的末尾。 如果成功将返回 ``0``；如果不成功则返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。 相当于 " +"``list.append(item)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the objects in *list* containing the objects *between* " +"*low* and *high*. Return ``NULL`` and set an exception if unsuccessful. " +"Analogous to ``list[low:high]``. Indexing from the end of the list is not " +"supported." +msgstr "" +"返回一个对象列表，包含 *list* 当中位于 *low* 和 *high* *之间* 的对象。 如果不成功则返回 ``NULL`` 并设置异常。 " +"相当于 ``list[low:high]``。 不支持从列表末尾进行索引。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Set the slice of *list* between *low* and *high* to the contents of " +"*itemlist*. Analogous to ``list[low:high] = itemlist``. The *itemlist* may " +"be ``NULL``, indicating the assignment of an empty list (slice deletion). " +"Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on failure. Indexing from the end of the " +"list is not supported." +msgstr "" +"将 *list* 当中 *low* 与 *high* 之间的切片设为 *itemlist* 的内容。 相当于 ``list[low:high] = " +"itemlist``。 *itemlist* 可以为 ``NULL``，表示赋值为一个空列表（删除切片）。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 " +"``-1``。 这里不支持从列表末尾进行索引。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:144 +msgid "" +"Extend *list* with the contents of *iterable*. This is the same as " +"``PyList_SetSlice(list, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, iterable)`` and " +"analogous to ``list.extend(iterable)`` or ``list += iterable``." +msgstr "" +"使用 *iterable* 的内容扩展 *list*。 这与 ``PyList_SetSlice(list, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, " +"PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, iterable)`` 相同并与 ``list.extend(iterable)`` 或 ``list += " +"iterable`` 类似。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Raise an exception and return ``-1`` if *list* is not a :class:`list` " +"object. Return 0 on success." +msgstr "如果 *list* 不是 :class:`list` 对象则会引发异常并返回 ``-1``。 成功时返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Remove all items from *list*. This is the same as ``PyList_SetSlice(list, " +"0, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, NULL)`` and analogous to ``list.clear()`` or ``del " +"list[:]``." +msgstr "" +"从 *list* 移除所有条目。 这与 ``PyList_SetSlice(list, 0, PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, NULL)`` 相同并与 " +"``list.clear()`` 或 ``del list[:]`` 类似。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Raise an exception and return ``-1`` if *list* is not a :class:`list` " +"object. Return 0 on success." +msgstr "如果 *list* 不是 :class:`list` 对象则会引发异常并返回 ``-1``。 成功时返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Sort the items of *list* in place. Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on " +"failure. This is equivalent to ``list.sort()``." +msgstr "对 *list* 中的条目进行原地排序。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``。 这等价于 ``list.sort()``。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Reverse the items of *list* in place. Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of ``list.reverse()``." +msgstr "" +"对 *list* 中的条目进行原地反转。 成功时返回 ``0``，失败时返回 ``-1``。 这等价于 ``list.reverse()``。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Return a new tuple object containing the contents of *list*; equivalent to " +"``tuple(list)``." +msgstr "返回一个新的元组对象，其中包含 *list* 的内容；等价于 ``tuple(list)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:8 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:51 ../../c-api/list.rst:180 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:51 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" + +#: ../../c-api/list.rst:180 +msgid "tuple" +msgstr "元组" diff --git a/c-api/long.po b/c-api/long.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7168ea073 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/long.po @@ -0,0 +1,829 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 8af080f2e6702c64bedd01873aed27e8_25aec74 , 2021 +# Sean Chao , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# 钢 彭 , 2024 +# Zombie110year , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# 稀饭~~ , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 08:36+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:6 +msgid "Integer Objects" +msgstr "整数型对象" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:11 +msgid "" +"All integers are implemented as \"long\" integer objects of arbitrary size." +msgstr "所有整数都实现为长度任意的长整数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:13 +msgid "" +"On error, most ``PyLong_As*`` APIs return ``(return type)-1`` which cannot " +"be distinguished from a number. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to " +"disambiguate." +msgstr "" +"在出错时，大多数 ``PyLong_As*`` API 都会返回 ``(return type)-1``，这与数字无法区分开。请采用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来加以区分。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:18 +msgid "This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python integer object." +msgstr "表示 Python 整数对象的 :c:type:`PyObject` 子类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:23 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python integer type. " +"This is the same object as :class:`int` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例表示 Python 的整数类型。与 Python 语言中的 :class:`int` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyLongObject` or a subtype of " +":c:type:`PyLongObject`. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果参数是 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 或 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 的子类型，则返回 " +"True。该函数一定能够执行成功。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyLongObject`, but not a subtype " +"of :c:type:`PyLongObject`. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果其参数属于 :c:type:`PyLongObject`，但不是 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 的子类型则返回真值。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from *v*, or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "由 *v* 返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回 ``NULL`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:43 +msgid "" +"The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all " +"integers between ``-5`` and ``256``. When you create an int in that range " +"you actually just get back a reference to the existing object." +msgstr "" +"当前的实现维护着一个整数对象数组，包含 ``-5`` 和 ``256`` 之间的所有整数对象。 若创建一个位于该区间的 int " +"时，实际得到的将是对已有对象的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:expr:`unsigned long`," +" or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"基于 C :c:expr:`unsigned long` 返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`, or" +" ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"由 C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回 ``NULL`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:type:`size_t`, or " +"``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"由 C :c:type:`size_t` 返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 对象，失败则返回 ``NULL`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:expr:`long long`, or " +"``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"基于 C :c:expr:`long long` 返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject`，失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:expr:`unsigned long " +"long`, or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"基于 C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` 返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from the integer part of *v*, or " +"``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "由 *v* 的整数部分返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject` 对象，失败则返回 ``NULL`` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` based on the string value in *str*, " +"which is interpreted according to the radix in *base*, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. If *pend* is non-``NULL``, *\\*pend* will point to the end of " +"*str* on success or to the first character that could not be processed on " +"error. If *base* is ``0``, *str* is interpreted using the :ref:`integers` " +"definition; in this case, leading zeros in a non-zero decimal number raises " +"a :exc:`ValueError`. If *base* is not ``0``, it must be between ``2`` and " +"``36``, inclusive. Leading and trailing whitespace and single underscores " +"after a base specifier and between digits are ignored. If there are no " +"digits or *str* is not NULL-terminated following the digits and trailing " +"whitespace, :exc:`ValueError` will be raised." +msgstr "" +"根据 *str* 字符串值返回一个新的 :c:type:`PyLongObject`，它将根据 *base* 指定的基数来解读，或是在失败时返回 " +"``NULL``。 如果 *pend* 不为 ``NULL``，则在成功时 *\\*pend* 将指向 *str* " +"中末尾而在出错时将指向第一个无法处理的字符。 如果 *base* 为 ``0``，则 *str* 将使用 :ref:`integers` " +"定义来解读；在此情况下，非零十进制数以零开头将会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 如果 *base* 不为 ``0``，则必须在 ``2`` " +"和 ``36``，包括这两个值。 开头和末尾的空格以及基数标示符之后和数码之间的单下划线将被忽略。 如果没有数码或 *str* 中数码和末尾空格之后不以" +" NULL 结束，则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Python methods :meth:`int.to_bytes` and :meth:`int.from_bytes` to convert a " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` to/from an array of bytes in base ``256``. You can " +"call those from C using :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`." +msgstr "" +"Python 方法 :meth:`int.to_bytes` 和 :meth:`int.from_bytes` 用于 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` 到/从字节数组之间以 ``256`` 为基数进行转换。 你可以使用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` 从 C 调用它们。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Convert a sequence of Unicode digits in the string *u* to a Python integer " +"value." +msgstr "将字符串 *u* 中的 Unicode 数字序列转换为 Python 整数值。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Create a Python integer from the pointer *p*. The pointer value can be " +"retrieved from the resulting value using :c:func:`PyLong_AsVoidPtr`." +msgstr "从指针 *p* 创建一个 Python 整数。可以使用 :c:func:`PyLong_AsVoidPtr` 返回的指针值。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Create a Python integer from the value contained in the first *n_bytes* of " +"*buffer*, interpreted as a two's-complement signed number." +msgstr "将包含在 *buffer* 开头 *n_bytes* 中的值解读为一个二的补码有符号数，基于它创建一个 Python 整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:121 +msgid "" +"*flags* are as for :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`. Passing ``-1`` will " +"select the native endian that CPython was compiled with and assume that the " +"most-significant bit is a sign bit. Passing " +"``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER`` will produce the same result as calling" +" :c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes`. Other flags are ignored." +msgstr "" +"*flags* 与针对 :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes` 的相同。 传入 ``-1`` 将选择 CPython " +"编译时所用的原生端序并将假定主比特位是符号位。 传入 ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER`` 将产生与调用 " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes` 相同的结果。 其他旗标将被忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Create a Python integer from the value contained in the first *n_bytes* of " +"*buffer*, interpreted as an unsigned number." +msgstr "将包含在 *buffer* 开头 *n_bytes* 中的值解读为一个无符号数，基于它创建一个Python 整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:135 +msgid "" +"*flags* are as for :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`. Passing ``-1`` will " +"select the native endian that CPython was compiled with and assume that the " +"most-significant bit is not a sign bit. Flags other than endian are ignored." +msgstr "" +"*flags* 与针对 :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes` 的相同。 传入 ``-1`` 将选择 CPython " +"编译时所用的原生端序并将假定主比特位不是符号位。 其他旗标将被忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:148 ../../c-api/long.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not an " +"instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its :meth:`~object.__index__`" +" method (if present) to convert it to a :c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *obj* 的 C :c:expr:`long` 表示形式。 如果 *obj* 不是 :c:type:`PyLongObject` " +"的实例，则会先调用其 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法（如果存在）将其转换为 :c:type:`PyLongObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *obj* is out of range for a " +":c:expr:`long`." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 的值超出了 :c:expr:`long` 的取值范围则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:155 ../../c-api/long.rst:193 ../../c-api/long.rst:214 +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:234 ../../c-api/long.rst:257 +msgid "" +"Returns ``-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate." +msgstr "出错则返回 ``-1`` 。请用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 找出具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:157 ../../c-api/long.rst:195 ../../c-api/long.rst:216 +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:238 ../../c-api/long.rst:322 ../../c-api/long.rst:342 +msgid "Use :meth:`~object.__index__` if available." +msgstr "如果可能将使用 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:160 ../../c-api/long.rst:198 ../../c-api/long.rst:219 +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:241 ../../c-api/long.rst:325 ../../c-api/long.rst:345 +msgid "This function will no longer use :meth:`~object.__int__`." +msgstr "此函数将不再使用 :meth:`~object.__int__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:167 +msgid "" +"A :term:`soft deprecated` alias. Exactly equivalent to the preferred " +"``PyLong_AsLong``. In particular, it can fail with :exc:`OverflowError` or " +"another exception." +msgstr "" +"一个已经 :term:`soft deprecated` 的别名。 完全等价于推荐使用的 ``PyLong_AsLong``。 特别地，它可能因 " +":exc:`OverflowError` 或其他异常而失败。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:171 +msgid "The function is soft deprecated." +msgstr "此函数已被软弃用。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyLong_AsLong`, but store the result in a C " +":c:expr:`int` instead of a C :c:expr:`long`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyLong_AsLong`，将会将结果存放到一个 C :c:expr:`int` 而不是 C :c:expr:`long`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:188 +msgid "" +"If the value of *obj* is greater than :c:macro:`LONG_MAX` or less than " +":c:macro:`LONG_MIN`, set *\\*overflow* to ``1`` or ``-1``, respectively, and" +" return ``-1``; otherwise, set *\\*overflow* to ``0``. If any other " +"exception occurs set *\\*overflow* to ``0`` and return ``-1`` as usual." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 的值大于 :c:macro:`LONG_MAX` 或小于 :c:macro:`LONG_MIN`，则会把 *\\*overflow* " +"分别置为 ``1`` 或 ``-1``，并返回 ``-1``；否则，将 *\\*overflow* 置为 ``0``。 如果发生其他异常则按常规把 " +"*\\*overflow* 置为 ``0`` 并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:207 ../../c-api/long.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`long long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not an " +"instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its :meth:`~object.__index__`" +" method (if present) to convert it to a :c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *obj* 的 C :c:expr:`long long` 表示形式。 如果 *obj* 不是 :c:type:`PyLongObject` " +"的实例，则会先调用其 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法（如果存在）将其转换为 :c:type:`PyLongObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:211 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *obj* is out of range for a " +":c:expr:`long long`." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 值超出 :c:expr:`long long` 的取值范围则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:229 +msgid "" +"If the value of *obj* is greater than :c:macro:`LLONG_MAX` or less than " +":c:macro:`LLONG_MIN`, set *\\*overflow* to ``1`` or ``-1``, respectively, " +"and return ``-1``; otherwise, set *\\*overflow* to ``0``. If any other " +"exception occurs set *\\*overflow* to ``0`` and return ``-1`` as usual." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 的值大于 :c:macro:`LLONG_MAX` 或小于 :c:macro:`LLONG_MIN`，则会把 " +"*\\*overflow* 分别置为 ``1`` 或 ``-1``，并返回 ``-1``；否则，将 *\\*overflow* 置为 ``0``。 " +"如果发生其他异常则按常规把 *\\*overflow* 置为 ``0`` 并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` representation of *pylong*. *pylong* must " +"be an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *pylong* 的 C 语言 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 形式。*pylong* 必须是 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *pylong* 的值超出了 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 的取值范围则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long` representation of *pylong*. *pylong* " +"must be an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *pylong* 的 C :c:expr:`unsigned long` 表示形式。 *pylong* 必须是 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a " +":c:expr:`unsigned long`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *pylong* 的值超出了 :c:expr:`unsigned long` 的取值范围则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Returns ``(unsigned long)-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to " +"disambiguate." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``(unsigned long)-1`` ，请利用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 辨别具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:type:`size_t` representation of *pylong*. *pylong* must be an" +" instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *pylong* 的 C 语言 :c:type:`size_t` 形式。*pylong* 必须是 :c:type:`PyLongObject` " +"的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a " +":c:type:`size_t`." +msgstr "如果 *pylong* 的值超出了 :c:type:`size_t` 的取值范围则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Returns ``(size_t)-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to " +"disambiguate." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``(size_t)-1`` ，请利用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 辨别具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` representation of *pylong*. " +"*pylong* must be an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *pylong* 的 C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` 表示形式。 *pylong* 必须是 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for an " +":c:expr:`unsigned long long`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *pylong* 的值超出 :c:expr:`unsigned long long` 的取值范围则会引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:303 +msgid "" +"Returns ``(unsigned long long)-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to" +" disambiguate." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``(unsigned long long)-1``，请利用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 辨别具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:306 +msgid "" +"A negative *pylong* now raises :exc:`OverflowError`, not :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "现在 *pylong* 为负值会触发 :exc:`OverflowError`，而不是 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not" +" an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its " +":meth:`~object.__index__` method (if present) to convert it to a " +":c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *obj* 的 C :c:expr:`unsigned long` 表示形式。 如果 *obj* 不是 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` 的实例，则会先调用其 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法（如果存在）将其转换为 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:316 +msgid "" +"If the value of *obj* is out of range for an :c:expr:`unsigned long`, return" +" the reduction of that value modulo ``ULONG_MAX + 1``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 的值超出了 :c:expr:`unsigned long` 的取值范围，则返回该值对 ``ULONG_MAX + 1`` 求模的余数。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Returns ``(unsigned long)-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to " +"disambiguate." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``(unsigned long)-1``，请利用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 辨别具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* " +"is not an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its " +":meth:`~object.__index__` method (if present) to convert it to a " +":c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *obj* 的 C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` 表示形式。 如果 *obj* 不是 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` 的实例，则会先调用其 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法（如果存在）将其转换为 " +":c:type:`PyLongObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:336 +msgid "" +"If the value of *obj* is out of range for an :c:expr:`unsigned long long`, " +"return the reduction of that value modulo ``ULLONG_MAX + 1``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 的值超出了 :c:expr:`unsigned long long` 的取值范围，则返回该值对 ``ULLONG_MAX + 1`` " +"求模的余数。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Returns ``(unsigned long long)-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` " +"to disambiguate." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``(unsigned long long)-1``，请利用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 辨别具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:351 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`double` representation of *pylong*. *pylong* must be an" +" instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *pylong* 的 C :c:expr:`double` 表示形式。 *pylong* 必须是 :c:type:`PyLongObject` " +"的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:354 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a " +":c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "如果 *pylong* 的值超出了 :c:expr:`double` 的取值范围则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Returns ``-1.0`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``-1.0`` ，请利用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 辨别具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:362 +msgid "" +"Convert a Python integer *pylong* to a C :c:expr:`void` pointer. If *pylong*" +" cannot be converted, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised. This is only " +"assured to produce a usable :c:expr:`void` pointer for values created with " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr`." +msgstr "" +"将一个 Python 整数 *pylong* 转换为 C :c:expr:`void` 指针。 如果 *pylong* 无法被转换，则将引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。 这只是为了保证将通过 :c:func:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr` 创建的值产生一个可用的 " +":c:expr:`void` 指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:367 +msgid "" +"Returns ``NULL`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``NULL``，请利用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 辨别具体问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:372 +msgid "" +"Copy the Python integer value *pylong* to a native *buffer* of size " +"*n_bytes*. The *flags* can be set to ``-1`` to behave similarly to a C cast," +" or to values documented below to control the behavior." +msgstr "" +"将 Python 整数值 *pylong* 拷贝到一个大小为 *n_bytes* 的原生 *buffer* 中。 *flags* 可设为 ``-1`` " +"以使其行为类似于 C 强制转换类型，或是用下文中的值来控制其行为。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Returns ``-1`` with an exception raised on error. This may happen if " +"*pylong* cannot be interpreted as an integer, or if *pylong* was negative " +"and the ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE`` flag was set." +msgstr "" +"当发生错误时将返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。 如果 *pylong* 无法被解读为一个整数，或者如果 *pylong* 为负值并且设置了 " +"``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE`` 旗标就可能出现这种情况。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:380 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, returns the number of bytes required to store the value. If this " +"is equal to or less than *n_bytes*, the entire value was copied. All " +"*n_bytes* of the buffer are written: large buffers are padded with zeroes." +msgstr "" +"在其他情况下，将返回存储该值所需要的字节数量。 如果该数量小于等于 *n_bytes*，则将拷贝整个值。 缓冲区的 *n_bytes* " +"将全部被写入：更大的缓冲区将以零值填充。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:385 +msgid "" +"If the returned value is greater than than *n_bytes*, the value was " +"truncated: as many of the lowest bits of the value as could fit are written," +" and the higher bits are ignored. This matches the typical behavior of a " +"C-style downcast." +msgstr "" +"如果返回值大于 *n_bytes*，该值将被截断：从该值的低位开始写入尽可能多的数位，而高位部分将被忽略。 这与典型的 C 风格向下强制转换行为相匹配。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Overflow is not considered an error. If the returned value is larger than " +"*n_bytes*, most significant bits were discarded." +msgstr "溢出不会被视为错误。 如果返回值大于 *n_bytes*，高位部分将被丢弃。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:395 +msgid "``0`` will never be returned." +msgstr "绝对不会返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:397 +msgid "Values are always copied as two's-complement." +msgstr "值将总是作为二的补码被拷贝。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:399 +msgid "Usage example::" +msgstr "用法示例::" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:401 +msgid "" +"int32_t value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t bytes = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(pylong, &value, sizeof(value), -1);\n" +"if (bytes < 0) {\n" +" // Failed. A Python exception was set with the reason.\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"else if (bytes <= (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(value)) {\n" +" // Success!\n" +"}\n" +"else {\n" +" // Overflow occurred, but 'value' contains the truncated\n" +" // lowest bits of pylong.\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"int32_t value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t bytes = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(pylong, &value, sizeof(value), -1);\n" +"if (bytes < 0) {\n" +" // 失败。 设置一个提示失败原因的 Python 异常。\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"else if (bytes <= (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(value)) {\n" +" // 成功！\n" +"}\n" +"else {\n" +" // 发生溢出，但 'value' 包含了截断后的\n" +" // pylong 的低比特位部分。\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:415 +msgid "" +"Passing zero to *n_bytes* will return the size of a buffer that would be " +"large enough to hold the value. This may be larger than technically " +"necessary, but not unreasonably so. If *n_bytes=0*, *buffer* may be " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"将零值传给 *n_bytes* 将返回一个足够容纳该值的缓冲区大小。 这可能会大于基于技术考虑所需要的值，但也不会过于离谱。 如果 " +"*n_bytes=0*，则 *buffer* 可能为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Passing *n_bytes=0* to this function is not an accurate way to determine the" +" bit length of the value." +msgstr "将 *n_bytes=0* 传给此函数不是确定值所需比特位长度的准确方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:425 +msgid "" +"To get at the entire Python value of an unknown size, the function can be " +"called twice: first to determine the buffer size, then to fill it::" +msgstr "要获取一个大小未知的完整 Python 值，可以调用此函数两次：首先确定缓冲区大小，然后填充它::" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:428 +msgid "" +"// Ask how much space we need.\n" +"Py_ssize_t expected = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(pylong, NULL, 0, -1);\n" +"if (expected < 0) {\n" +" // Failed. A Python exception was set with the reason.\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"assert(expected != 0); // Impossible per the API definition.\n" +"uint8_t *bignum = malloc(expected);\n" +"if (!bignum) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, \"bignum malloc failed.\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// Safely get the entire value.\n" +"Py_ssize_t bytes = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(pylong, bignum, expected, -1);\n" +"if (bytes < 0) { // Exception has been set.\n" +" free(bignum);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"else if (bytes > expected) { // This should not be possible.\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,\n" +" \"Unexpected bignum truncation after a size check.\");\n" +" free(bignum);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// The expected success given the above pre-check.\n" +"// ... use bignum ...\n" +"free(bignum);" +msgstr "" +"// 询问我们需要多少空间。\n" +"Py_ssize_t expected = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(pylong, NULL, 0, -1);\n" +"if (expected < 0) {\n" +" // 失败。Python 已设置异常，并提供了原因\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"assert(expected != 0); // 根据 API 定义，不可能为 0\n" +"uint8_t *bignum = malloc(expected);\n" +"if (!bignum) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, \"bignum malloc failed.\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// 安全地获取整个值\n" +"Py_ssize_t bytes = PyLong_AsNativeBytes(pylong, bignum, expected, -1);\n" +"if (bytes < 0) { // 已设置异常\n" +" free(bignum);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"else if (bytes > expected) { // 这种情况不应该发生\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,\n" +" \"Unexpected bignum truncation after a size check.\");\n" +" free(bignum);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// 上述预检查成功的预期情况\n" +"// ... 使用 bignum ...\n" +"free(bignum);" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:456 +msgid "" +"*flags* is either ``-1`` (``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS``) to select defaults " +"that behave most like a C cast, or a combination of the other flags in the " +"table below. Note that ``-1`` cannot be combined with other flags." +msgstr "" +"*flags* 可以是 ``-1`` (``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_DEFAULTS``) 表示选择最接近 C " +"强制转换类型的默认行为，或是下表中其他旗标的组合。 请注意 ``-1`` 不能与其他旗标组合使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:461 +msgid "" +"Currently, ``-1`` corresponds to ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN | " +"Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER``." +msgstr "" +"目前，``-1`` 对应于 ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN | " +"Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:467 +msgid "Flag" +msgstr "标志位" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:467 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:469 +msgid "``-1``" +msgstr "``-1``" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:470 +msgid "``0``" +msgstr "``0``" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:471 +msgid "``1``" +msgstr "``1``" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:472 +msgid "``3``" +msgstr "``3``" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:473 +msgid "``4``" +msgstr "``4``" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:474 +msgid "``8``" +msgstr "``8``" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:475 +msgid "``16``" +msgstr "``16``" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Specifying ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN`` will override any other endian" +" flags. Passing ``2`` is reserved." +msgstr "" +"指定 ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_NATIVE_ENDIAN`` 将覆盖任何其他端序旗标。 传入 ``2`` 被保留用于后续版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:481 +msgid "" +"By default, sufficient buffer will be requested to include a sign bit. For " +"example, when converting 128 with *n_bytes=1*, the function will return 2 " +"(or more) in order to store a zero sign bit." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，将会请求足够的缓冲区以包括符号位。 例如在设置 *n_bytes=1* 转换 128 时，该函数将返回 2 (或更大的值) " +"以存储一个零值符号位。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:485 +msgid "" +"If ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER`` is specified, a zero sign bit will " +"be omitted from size calculations. This allows, for example, 128 to fit in a" +" single-byte buffer. If the destination buffer is later treated as signed, a" +" positive input value may become negative. Note that the flag does not " +"affect handling of negative values: for those, space for a sign bit is " +"always requested." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER``，将在计算大小时忽略零值符号位。 例如，这将允许将 128 " +"放入一个单字节缓冲区。 如果目标缓冲区随后又被当作是带符号位的，则一个正数输入值可能会变成负值。 " +"请注意此旗标不会影响对负值的处理：对于这种情况，总是会请求用作符号位的空间。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Specifying ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE`` causes an exception to be " +"set if *pylong* is negative. Without this flag, negative values will be " +"copied provided there is enough space for at least one sign bit, regardless " +"of whether ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER`` was specified." +msgstr "" +"指定 ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_REJECT_NEGATIVE`` 将导致当 *pylong* 为负值时设置一个异常。 " +"如果没有此旗标，只要至少有足够容纳一个符号位的空间就将拷贝负值，无论是否指定了 " +"``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_UNSIGNED_BUFFER``。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:497 +msgid "" +"If ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX`` is specified and a non-integer value is " +"passed, its :meth:`~object.__index__` method will be called first. This may " +"result in Python code executing and other threads being allowed to run, " +"which could cause changes to other objects or values in use. When *flags* is" +" ``-1``, this option is not set, and non-integer values will raise " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 ``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX`` 并且传入一个非整数值，则会先调用其 " +":meth:`~object.__index__` 方法。 这可能导致 Python " +"代码执行并允许运行其他线程，在此情况下将会改变其他正在使用的对象或值。 当 *flags* 为 ``-1`` 时，则不设置此选项，而非整数值将会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:506 +msgid "" +"With the default *flags* (``-1``, or *UNSIGNED_BUFFER* without " +"*REJECT_NEGATIVE*), multiple Python integers can map to a single value " +"without overflow. For example, both ``255`` and ``-1`` fit a single-byte " +"buffer and set all its bits. This matches typical C cast behavior." +msgstr "" +"如果使用默认 *flags* (``-1`` 或不带 *REJECT_NEGATIVE* 的 *UNSIGNED_BUFFER*)，则多个 Python" +" 整数可映射为单个值而不会溢出。 例如，``255`` 和 ``-1`` 都可放入一个单字节缓冲区并设置其全部比特位。 这与典型的 C " +"强制转换行为相匹配。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:517 +msgid "" +"On success, return a read only :term:`named tuple`, that holds information " +"about Python's internal representation of integers. See :data:`sys.int_info`" +" for description of individual fields." +msgstr "" +"成功时，返回一个只读的 :term:`named tuple`，它保存着有关 Python 内部整数表示形式的信息。 请参阅 " +":data:`sys.int_info` 了解关于单独字段的描述。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:521 +msgid "On failure, return ``NULL`` with an exception set." +msgstr "当失败时，将返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:528 +msgid "Return 1 if *op* is compact, 0 otherwise." +msgstr "如果 *op* 为紧凑形式则返回 1，否则返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:530 +msgid "" +"This function makes it possible for performance-critical code to implement a" +" “fast path” for small integers. For compact values use " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue`; for others fall back to a " +":c:func:`PyLong_As* ` function or " +":c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`." +msgstr "" +"此函数使得注重性能的代码可以实现小整数的“快速路径”。 对于紧凑值将使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue`；对于其他值则回退为 :c:func:`PyLong_As* " +"` 函数或者 :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:536 +msgid "The speedup is expected to be negligible for most users." +msgstr "此项加速对于大多数用户来说是可以忽略的。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Exactly what values are considered compact is an implementation detail and " +"is subject to change." +msgstr "具体有哪些值会被视为紧凑形式属于实现细节并可能发生改变。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:546 +msgid "" +"If *op* is compact, as determined by :c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact`, " +"return its value." +msgstr "如果 *op* 为紧凑形式，如 :c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact` 所确定的，则返回它的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:549 +msgid "Otherwise, the return value is undefined." +msgstr "在其他情况下，返回值是未定义的。" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:8 +msgid "long integer" +msgstr "长整型" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:8 +msgid "integer" +msgstr "integer" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:144 +msgid "LONG_MAX (C macro)" +msgstr "LONG_MAX (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:144 ../../c-api/long.rst:204 ../../c-api/long.rst:247 +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:262 ../../c-api/long.rst:278 ../../c-api/long.rst:294 +msgid "OverflowError (built-in exception)" +msgstr "OverflowError (内置异常)" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:247 +msgid "PY_SSIZE_T_MAX (C macro)" +msgstr "PY_SSIZE_T_MAX (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:262 +msgid "ULONG_MAX (C macro)" +msgstr "ULONG_MAX (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/long.rst:278 +msgid "SIZE_MAX (C macro)" +msgstr "SIZE_MAX (C 宏)" diff --git a/c-api/mapping.po b/c-api/mapping.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b48969f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/mapping.po @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:6 +msgid "Mapping Protocol" +msgstr "映射协议" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:8 +msgid "" +"See also :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem`, :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`." +msgstr "" +"参见 :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem`、:c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` 与 " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the object provides the mapping protocol or supports " +"slicing, and ``0`` otherwise. Note that it returns ``1`` for Python classes" +" with a :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method, since in general it is " +"impossible to determine what type of keys the class supports. This function " +"always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果对象提供了映射协议或是支持切片则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 请注意它将为具有 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"方法的 Python 类返回 ``1``，因为在通常情况下无法确定该类支持哪种键类型。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:25 +msgid "" +"Returns the number of keys in object *o* on success, and ``-1`` on failure. " +"This is equivalent to the Python expression ``len(o)``." +msgstr "成功时返回对象 *o* 中键的数量，失败时返回 ``-1``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 ``len(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:31 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Variant of :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` which doesn't raise :exc:`KeyError` if" +" the key is not found." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` 的变化形式，它在未找到键时不会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:41 +msgid "" +"If the key is found, return ``1`` and set *\\*result* to a new :term:`strong" +" reference` to the corresponding value. If the key is not found, return " +"``0`` and set *\\*result* to ``NULL``; the :exc:`KeyError` is silenced. If " +"an error other than :exc:`KeyError` is raised, return ``-1`` and set " +"*\\*result* to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果找到了键，则返回 ``1`` 并将 *\\*result* 设为指向相应值的新 :term:`strong reference`。 " +"如果未找到键，则返回 ``0`` 并将 *\\*result* 设为 ``NULL``；:exc:`KeyError` 会被静默。 如果引发了 " +":exc:`KeyError` 以外的错误，则返回 ``-1`` 并将 *\\*result* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:53 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem`, but *key* is " +"specified as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than" +" a :c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*`" +" UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:62 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:69 +msgid "This is an alias of :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`." +msgstr "这是 :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:74 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the mapping object has the key *key* and ``0`` otherwise. " +"This is equivalent to the Python expression ``key in o``. On failure, return" +" ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"如果映射对象具有键 *key* 则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 ``key in o``。 当失败时，将返回" +" ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:90 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError`, but *key* is " +"specified as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than" +" a :c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*`" +" UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the mapping object has the key *key* and ``0`` otherwise. " +"This is equivalent to the Python expression ``key in o``. This function " +"always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果映射对象具有键 *key* 则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 ``key in o``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Exceptions which occur when this calls :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method " +"are silently ignored. For proper error handling, use " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError`, :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem` or " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetItem()` instead." +msgstr "" +"在其调用 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法时发生的异常将被静默地忽略。 想要进行适当的错误处理，请改用 " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError`, :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem` 或 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetItem()`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:113 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Exceptions that occur when this calls :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method or " +"while creating the temporary :class:`str` object are silently ignored. For " +"proper error handling, use :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyStringWithError`, " +":c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItemString` or " +":c:func:`PyMapping_GetItemString` instead." +msgstr "" +"在其调用 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法或创建临时 :class:`str` 对象时发生的异常将被静默地忽略。 " +"想要进行适当的错误处理，请改用 :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyStringWithError`, " +":c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItemString` 或 " +":c:func:`PyMapping_GetItemString`。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:129 +msgid "" +"On success, return a list of the keys in object *o*. On failure, return " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "成功时，返回对象 *o* 中的键的列表。 失败时，返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:132 ../../c-api/mapping.rst:141 +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:150 +msgid "Previously, the function returned a list or a tuple." +msgstr "在之前版本中，此函数返回一个列表或元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:138 +msgid "" +"On success, return a list of the values in object *o*. On failure, return " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "成功时，返回对象 *o* 中的值的列表。 失败时，返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:147 +msgid "" +"On success, return a list of the items in object *o*, where each item is a " +"tuple containing a key-value pair. On failure, return ``NULL``." +msgstr "成功时，返回对象 *o* 中条目的列表，其中每个条目是一个包含键值对的元组。 失败时，返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:23 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/mapping.rst:23 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" diff --git a/c-api/marshal.po b/c-api/marshal.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0904c5a94 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/marshal.po @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:6 +msgid "Data marshalling support" +msgstr "数据 marshal 操作支持" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:8 +msgid "" +"These routines allow C code to work with serialized objects using the same " +"data format as the :mod:`marshal` module. There are functions to write data" +" into the serialization format, and additional functions that can be used to" +" read the data back. Files used to store marshalled data must be opened in " +"binary mode." +msgstr "" +"这些例程允许 C 代码处理与 :mod:`marshal` 模块所用相同数据格式的序列化对象。 " +"其中有些函数可用来将数据写入这种序列化格式，另一些函数则可用来读取并恢复数据。 用于存储 marshal 数据的文件必须以二进制模式打开。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:14 +msgid "Numeric values are stored with the least significant byte first." +msgstr "数字值在存储时会将最低位字节放在开头。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The module supports two versions of the data format: version 0 is the " +"historical version, version 1 shares interned strings in the file, and upon " +"unmarshalling. Version 2 uses a binary format for floating-point numbers. " +"``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` indicates the current file format (currently 2)." +msgstr "" +"此模块支持两种数据格式版本：第 0 版为历史版本，第 1 版本会在文件和 marshal 反序列化中共享固化的字符串。 第 2 " +"版本会对浮点数使用二进制格式。 ``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` 指明了当前文件的格式（当前取值为 2）。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Marshal a :c:expr:`long` integer, *value*, to *file*. This will only write " +"the least-significant 32 bits of *value*; regardless of the size of the " +"native :c:expr:`long` type. *version* indicates the file format." +msgstr "" +"将一个 :c:expr:`long` 整数 *value* 以 marshal 格式写入 *file*。 这将只写入 *value* 中最低的 32 " +"个比特位；无论本机的 :c:expr:`long` 类型的大小如何。 *version* 指明文件格式的版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:28 ../../c-api/marshal.rst:36 +msgid "" +"This function can fail, in which case it sets the error indicator. Use " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for that." +msgstr "此函数可能失败，在这种情况下它半设置错误提示符。 请使用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 进行检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:33 +msgid "" +"Marshal a Python object, *value*, to *file*. *version* indicates the file " +"format." +msgstr "将一个 Python 对象 *value* 以 marshal 格式写入 *file*。 *version* 指明文件格式的版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes object containing the marshalled representation of *value*. " +"*version* indicates the file format." +msgstr "返回一个包含 *value* 的 marshal 表示形式的字节串对象。 *version* 指明文件格式的版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:45 +msgid "The following functions allow marshalled values to be read back in." +msgstr "以下函数允许读取并恢复存储为 marshal 格式的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`long` from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened " +"for reading. Only a 32-bit value can be read in using this function, " +"regardless of the native size of :c:expr:`long`." +msgstr "" +"从打开用于读取的 :c:expr:`FILE*` 对应的数据流返回一个 C :c:expr:`long`。 使用此函数只能读取 32 位的值，无论本机 " +":c:expr:`long` 类型的大小如何。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:54 ../../c-api/marshal.rst:64 +msgid "" +"On error, sets the appropriate exception (:exc:`EOFError`) and returns " +"``-1``." +msgstr "发生错误时，将设置适当的异常 (:exc:`EOFError`) 并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Return a C :c:expr:`short` from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened " +"for reading. Only a 16-bit value can be read in using this function, " +"regardless of the native size of :c:expr:`short`." +msgstr "" +"从打开用于读取的 :c:expr:`FILE*` 对应的数据流返回一个 C :c:expr:`short`。使用此函数只能读取 16 位的值，无论本机 " +":c:expr:`short` 类型的大小如何。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Return a Python object from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened for " +"reading." +msgstr "从打开用于读取的 :c:expr:`FILE*` 对应的数据流返回一个 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:73 ../../c-api/marshal.rst:87 +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:96 +msgid "" +"On error, sets the appropriate exception (:exc:`EOFError`, :exc:`ValueError`" +" or :exc:`TypeError`) and returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"发生错误时，将设置适当的异常 (:exc:`EOFError`, :exc:`ValueError` 或 :exc:`TypeError`) 并返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Return a Python object from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened for " +"reading. Unlike :c:func:`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile`, this function " +"assumes that no further objects will be read from the file, allowing it to " +"aggressively load file data into memory so that the de-serialization can " +"operate from data in memory rather than reading a byte at a time from the " +"file. Only use these variant if you are certain that you won't be reading " +"anything else from the file." +msgstr "" +"从打开用于读取的 :c:expr:`FILE*` 对应的数据流返回一个 Python 对象。 不同于 " +":c:func:`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile`，此函数假定将不再从该文件读取更多的对象，允许其将文件数据积极地载入内存，以便反序列化过程可以在内存中的数据上操作而不是每次从文件读取一个字节。" +" 只有当你确定不会再从文件读取任何内容时方可使用此形式。" + +#: ../../c-api/marshal.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Return a Python object from the data stream in a byte buffer containing " +"*len* bytes pointed to by *data*." +msgstr "从包含指向 *data* 的 *len* 个字节的字节缓冲区对应的数据流返回一个 Python 对象。" diff --git a/c-api/memory.po b/c-api/memory.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1843eb610 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/memory.po @@ -0,0 +1,1358 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Sean Chao , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:8 +msgid "Memory Management" +msgstr "内存管理" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:17 +msgid "Overview" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all Python " +"objects and data structures. The management of this private heap is ensured " +"internally by the *Python memory manager*. The Python memory manager has " +"different components which deal with various dynamic storage management " +"aspects, like sharing, segmentation, preallocation or caching." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中，内存管理涉及到一个包含所有 Python 对象和数据结构的私有堆（heap）。这个私有堆的管理由内部的 *Python " +"内存管理器（Python memory manager）* 保证。Python " +"内存管理器有不同的组件来处理各种动态存储管理方面的问题，如共享、分割、预分配或缓存。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:25 +msgid "" +"At the lowest level, a raw memory allocator ensures that there is enough " +"room in the private heap for storing all Python-related data by interacting " +"with the memory manager of the operating system. On top of the raw memory " +"allocator, several object-specific allocators operate on the same heap and " +"implement distinct memory management policies adapted to the peculiarities " +"of every object type. For example, integer objects are managed differently " +"within the heap than strings, tuples or dictionaries because integers imply " +"different storage requirements and speed/space tradeoffs. The Python memory " +"manager thus delegates some of the work to the object-specific allocators, " +"but ensures that the latter operate within the bounds of the private heap." +msgstr "" +"在最底层，一个原始内存分配器通过与操作系统的内存管理器交互，确保私有堆中有足够的空间来存储所有与 Python " +"相关的数据。在原始内存分配器的基础上，几个对象特定的分配器在同一堆上运行，并根据每种对象类型的特点实现不同的内存管理策略。例如，整数对象在堆内的管理方式不同于字符串、元组或字典，因为整数需要不同的存储需求和速度与空间的权衡。因此，Python" +" 内存管理器将一些工作分配给对象特定分配器，但确保后者在私有堆的范围内运行。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:36 +msgid "" +"It is important to understand that the management of the Python heap is " +"performed by the interpreter itself and that the user has no control over " +"it, even if they regularly manipulate object pointers to memory blocks " +"inside that heap. The allocation of heap space for Python objects and other" +" internal buffers is performed on demand by the Python memory manager " +"through the Python/C API functions listed in this document." +msgstr "" +"Python 堆内存的管理是由解释器来执行，用户对它没有控制权，即使他们经常操作指向堆内内存块的对象指针，理解这一点十分重要。Python " +"对象和其他内部缓冲区的堆空间分配是由 Python 内存管理器按需通过本文档中列出的 Python/C API 函数进行的。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:49 +msgid "" +"To avoid memory corruption, extension writers should never try to operate on" +" Python objects with the functions exported by the C library: " +":c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`. " +"This will result in mixed calls between the C allocator and the Python " +"memory manager with fatal consequences, because they implement different " +"algorithms and operate on different heaps. However, one may safely allocate" +" and release memory blocks with the C library allocator for individual " +"purposes, as shown in the following example::" +msgstr "" +"为了避免内存破坏，扩展的作者永远不应该试图用 C 库函数导出的函数来对 Python 对象进行操作，这些函数包括： :c:func:`malloc`, " +":c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` 和 :c:func:`free`。这将导致 C 分配器和 Python " +"内存管理器之间的混用，引发严重后果，这是由于它们实现了不同的算法，并在不同的堆上操作。但是，我们可以安全地使用 C " +"库分配器为单独的目的分配和释放内存块，如下例所示：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:58 +msgid "" +"PyObject *res;\n" +"char *buf = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n" +"\n" +"if (buf == NULL)\n" +" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n" +"...Do some I/O operation involving buf...\n" +"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n" +"free(buf); /* malloc'ed */\n" +"return res;" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *res;\n" +"char *buf = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n" +"\n" +"if (buf == NULL)\n" +" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n" +"...执行一些涉及 buf 的 I/O 操作...\n" +"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n" +"free(buf); /* 已分配的 */\n" +"return res;" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:68 +msgid "" +"In this example, the memory request for the I/O buffer is handled by the C " +"library allocator. The Python memory manager is involved only in the " +"allocation of the bytes object returned as a result." +msgstr "在这个例子中，I/O 缓冲区的内存请求是由 C 库分配器处理的。Python 内存管理器只参与了分配作为结果返回的字节对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:72 +msgid "" +"In most situations, however, it is recommended to allocate memory from the " +"Python heap specifically because the latter is under control of the Python " +"memory manager. For example, this is required when the interpreter is " +"extended with new object types written in C. Another reason for using the " +"Python heap is the desire to *inform* the Python memory manager about the " +"memory needs of the extension module. Even when the requested memory is used" +" exclusively for internal, highly specific purposes, delegating all memory " +"requests to the Python memory manager causes the interpreter to have a more " +"accurate image of its memory footprint as a whole. Consequently, under " +"certain circumstances, the Python memory manager may or may not trigger " +"appropriate actions, like garbage collection, memory compaction or other " +"preventive procedures. Note that by using the C library allocator as shown " +"in the previous example, the allocated memory for the I/O buffer escapes " +"completely the Python memory manager." +msgstr "" +"然而，在大多数情况下，都建议专门基于 Python 堆来分配内存，因为后者是由 Python 内存管理器控制的。 例如，当解释器使用 C " +"编写的新对象类型进行扩展时就必须这样做。 使用 Python 堆的另一个理由是需要能 *通知* Python 内存管理器有关扩展模块的内存需求。 " +"即使所请求的内存全部只用于内部的、高度特定的目的，将所有的内存请求交给 Python 内存管理器能让解释器对其内存占用的整体情况有更准确的了解。 " +"因此，在特定情况下，Python 内存管理器可能会触发或不触发适当的操作，如垃圾回收、内存压缩或其他的预防性操作。 请注意通过使用前面例子所演示的 C " +"库分配器，为 I/O 缓冲区分配的内存将完全不受 Python 内存管理器的控制。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable can be used to configure the" +" memory allocators used by Python." +msgstr "环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 可被用来配置 Python 所使用的内存分配器。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:91 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` environment variable can be used to print " +"statistics of the :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator ` every time a " +"new pymalloc object arena is created, and on shutdown." +msgstr "" +"环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` 可以用来在每次创建和关闭新的 pymalloc 对象区域时打印 " +":ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 ` 的统计数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:96 +msgid "Allocator Domains" +msgstr "分配器域" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:100 +msgid "" +"All allocating functions belong to one of three different \"domains\" (see " +"also :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorDomain`). These domains represent different " +"allocation strategies and are optimized for different purposes. The specific" +" details on how every domain allocates memory or what internal functions " +"each domain calls is considered an implementation detail, but for debugging " +"purposes a simplified table can be found at :ref:`here `. The APIs used to allocate and free a block of memory must be " +"from the same domain. For example, :c:func:`PyMem_Free` must be used to free" +" memory allocated using :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`." +msgstr "" +"所有分配函数都归属于三个不同的“域”之一 (另请参阅 :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorDomain`)。 " +"这些域代表不同的分配策略并针对不同的目的进行了优化。 每个域如何分配内存及每个域会调用哪些内部函数的详情被认为是实现细节，但是出于调试目的可以在 " +":ref:`这里 ` 找到一张简化的表格。 用于分配和释放内存块的 API 必须来自同一个域。 " +"例如，:c:func:`PyMem_Free` 必须被用来释放使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 分配的内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:109 +msgid "The three allocation domains are:" +msgstr "三个分配域分别是：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Raw domain: intended for allocating memory for general-purpose memory " +"buffers where the allocation *must* go to the system allocator or where the " +"allocator can operate without the :term:`GIL`. The memory is requested " +"directly from the system. See :ref:`Raw Memory Interface `." +msgstr "" +"原始域：用于为通用内存缓冲区分配内存，其分配 *必须* 转到系统分配器或可以在没有 :term:`GIL` 的情况下使用的分配器。 " +"内存将直接请求自系统。 参见 :ref:`原始内存接口 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:116 +msgid "" +"\"Mem\" domain: intended for allocating memory for Python buffers and " +"general-purpose memory buffers where the allocation must be performed with " +"the :term:`GIL` held. The memory is taken from the Python private heap. See " +":ref:`Memory Interface `." +msgstr "" +"“内存”域：用于为 Python 缓冲区和通用内存缓冲区分配内存，其分配必须在持有 :term:`GIL` 的情况下进行。 内存将从 Python " +"私有堆获取。 参见 :ref:`内存接口 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Object domain: intended for allocating memory for Python objects. The memory" +" is taken from the Python private heap. See :ref:`Object allocators " +"`." +msgstr "" +"对象域：用于为 Python 对象分配内存。 内存将从 Python 私有堆获取。 参见 :ref:`对象分配器 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:126 +msgid "" +"The :term:`free-threaded ` build requires that only Python " +"objects are allocated using the \"object\" domain and that all Python " +"objects are allocated using that domain. This differs from the prior Python " +"versions, where this was only a best practice and not a hard requirement." +msgstr "" +":term:`自由线程 ` 构建版要求仅 Python 对象使用“对象”域来分配并且所有 Python " +"对象都使用该域来分配。 这不同于之前的 Python 版本，在之前版本中这只是最佳实践而非硬件要求。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:130 +msgid "" +"For example, buffers (non-Python objects) should be allocated using " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, or :c:func:`malloc`, but " +"not :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`." +msgstr "" +"例如，缓冲区（非 Python 对象）的分配应当使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`" +" 或 :c:func:`malloc`，而不能用 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:133 +msgid "See :ref:`Memory Allocation APIs `." +msgstr "参见 :ref:`内存分配 API `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:139 +msgid "Raw Memory Interface" +msgstr "原始内存接口" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:141 +msgid "" +"The following function sets are wrappers to the system allocator. These " +"functions are thread-safe, the :term:`GIL ` does " +"not need to be held." +msgstr "" +"以下函数集封装了系统分配器。这些函数是线程安全的，不需要持有 :term:`全局解释器锁 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`default raw memory allocator ` uses the" +" following functions: :c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` " +"and :c:func:`!free`; call ``malloc(1)`` (or ``calloc(1, 1)``) when " +"requesting zero bytes." +msgstr "" +":ref:`默认原始内存分配器 ` 使用以下函数: :c:func:`malloc`, " +":c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` 和 :c:func:`!free`；当请求零个字节时则调用 " +"``malloc(1)`` (或 ``calloc(1, 1)``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:154 ../../c-api/memory.rst:225 +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Allocates *n* bytes and returns a pointer of type :c:expr:`void*` to the " +"allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if the request fails." +msgstr "分配 *n* 个字节并返回一个指向所分配内存的 :c:expr:`void*` 类型指针，如果请求失败则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, " +"as if ``PyMem_RawMalloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not " +"have been initialized in any way." +msgstr "" +"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_RawMalloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:164 ../../c-api/memory.rst:235 +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:345 +msgid "" +"Allocates *nelem* elements each whose size in bytes is *elsize* and returns " +"a pointer of type :c:expr:`void*` to the allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if " +"the request fails. The memory is initialized to zeros." +msgstr "" +"分配 *nelem* 个元素，每个元素的大小为 *elsize* 个字节，并返回指向所分配的内存的 :c:expr:`void*` " +"类型指针，如果请求失败则返回 ``NULL``。 内存会被初始化为零。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct " +"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_RawCalloc(1, 1)`` had been " +"called instead." +msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_RawCalloc(1, 1)`` 一样。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:177 ../../c-api/memory.rst:248 +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:358 +msgid "" +"Resizes the memory block pointed to by *p* to *n* bytes. The contents will " +"be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new sizes." +msgstr "将 *p* 指向的内存块大小调整为 *n* 字节。以新旧内存块大小中的最小值为准，其中内容保持不变，" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:180 +msgid "" +"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_RawMalloc(n)``; else " +"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and " +"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，则相当于调用 ``PyMem_RawMalloc(n)`` ；如果 *n* 等于 " +"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`." +msgstr "" +"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，否则它必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 、 " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc` 所返回的。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:188 +msgid "" +"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* " +"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area." +msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 返回 ``NULL`` ， *p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a" +" previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_RawFree(p)`` has been " +"called before, undefined behavior occurs." +msgstr "" +"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。 *p* 必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 、 " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 " +"``PyMem_RawFree(p)`` 之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义的行为会发生。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:199 ../../c-api/memory.rst:269 +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:379 +msgid "If *p* is ``NULL``, no operation is performed." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是 ``NULL``, 那么什么操作也不会进行。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:205 +msgid "Memory Interface" +msgstr "内存接口" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:207 ../../c-api/memory.rst:315 +msgid "" +"The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, but " +"specifying behavior when requesting zero bytes, are available for allocating" +" and releasing memory from the Python heap." +msgstr "以下函数集，仿照 ANSI C 标准，并指定了请求零字节时的行为，可用于从Python堆分配和释放内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:211 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`default memory allocator ` uses the " +":ref:`pymalloc memory allocator `." +msgstr "" +":ref:`默认内存分配器 ` 使用了 :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 " +"`." + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:216 ../../c-api/memory.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The :term:`GIL ` must be held when using these " +"functions." +msgstr "在使用这些函数时，必须持有 :term:`全局解释器锁（GIL） ` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:221 +msgid "" +"The default allocator is now pymalloc instead of system :c:func:`malloc`." +msgstr "现在默认的分配器是 pymalloc 而非系统的 :c:func:`malloc` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, " +"as if ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not have " +"been initialized in any way." +msgstr "" +"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct " +"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been " +"called instead." +msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_Calloc(1, 1)`` 一样。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:251 +msgid "" +"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_Malloc(n)``; else if " +"*n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and the " +"returned pointer is non-``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，则相当于调用 ``PyMem_Malloc(n)`` ；如果 *n* 等于 " +"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`." +msgstr "" +"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，否则它必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 、 " +":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc` 所返回的。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:258 +msgid "" +"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* " +"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area." +msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 返回 ``NULL`` ， *p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a" +" previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or " +":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_Free(p)`` has been called " +"before, undefined behavior occurs." +msgstr "" +"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。 *p* 必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 、 :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` " +"或 :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 ``PyMem_Free(p)`` " +"之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义的行为会发生。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:271 +msgid "" +"The following type-oriented macros are provided for convenience. Note that" +" *TYPE* refers to any C type." +msgstr "以下面向类型的宏为方便而提供。 注意 *TYPE* 可以指任何 C 类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, but allocates ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes " +"of memory. Returns a pointer cast to ``TYPE*``. The memory will not have " +"been initialized in any way." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 相同，但会分配 ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` 字节的内存。 返回一个转换为 " +"``TYPE*`` 的指针。 内存不会以任何方式被初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`, but the memory block is resized to ``(n * " +"sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes. Returns a pointer cast to ``TYPE*``. On return, *p* " +"will be a pointer to the new memory area, or ``NULL`` in the event of " +"failure." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 类似，但内存块的大小被调整为 ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` 个字节。 返回一个转换为" +" ``TYPE*`` 的指针。 在返回时，*p* 将是一个指向新内存区域的指针，或者如果执行失败则为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:289 +msgid "" +"This is a C preprocessor macro; *p* is always reassigned. Save the original" +" value of *p* to avoid losing memory when handling errors." +msgstr "这是一个 C 预处理宏， *p* 总是被重新赋值。请保存 *p* 的原始值，以避免在处理错误时丢失内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:295 +msgid "Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Free`." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 相同" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:297 +msgid "" +"In addition, the following macro sets are provided for calling the Python " +"memory allocator directly, without involving the C API functions listed " +"above. However, note that their use does not preserve binary compatibility " +"across Python versions and is therefore deprecated in extension modules." +msgstr "" +"此外，我们还提供了以下宏集用于直接调用 Python 内存分配器，而不涉及上面列出的 C API 函数。但是请注意，使用它们并不能保证跨 Python " +"版本的二进制兼容性，因此在扩展模块被弃用。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:302 +msgid "``PyMem_MALLOC(size)``" +msgstr "``PyMem_MALLOC(size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:303 +msgid "``PyMem_NEW(type, size)``" +msgstr "``PyMem_NEW(type, size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:304 +msgid "``PyMem_REALLOC(ptr, size)``" +msgstr "``PyMem_REALLOC(ptr, size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:305 +msgid "``PyMem_RESIZE(ptr, type, size)``" +msgstr "``PyMem_RESIZE(ptr, type, size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:306 +msgid "``PyMem_FREE(ptr)``" +msgstr "``PyMem_FREE(ptr)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:307 +msgid "``PyMem_DEL(ptr)``" +msgstr "``PyMem_DEL(ptr)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:313 +msgid "Object allocators" +msgstr "对象分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:320 +msgid "" +"There is no guarantee that the memory returned by these allocators can be " +"successfully cast to a Python object when intercepting the allocating " +"functions in this domain by the methods described in the :ref:`Customize " +"Memory Allocators ` section." +msgstr "" +"当通过 :ref:`自定义内存分配器 ` " +"部分描述的方法拦截该域中的分配函数时，无法保证这些分配器返回的内存可以被成功地转换成 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:325 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`default object allocator ` uses the " +":ref:`pymalloc memory allocator `." +msgstr "" +":ref:`默认对象分配器 ` 使用 :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 " +"`." + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, " +"as if ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not " +"have been initialized in any way." +msgstr "" +"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct " +"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyObject_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been " +"called instead." +msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyObject_Calloc(1, 1)`` 一样。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:361 +msgid "" +"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyObject_Malloc(n)``; else " +"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and " +"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果*p*是 ``NULL``，则相当于调用 ``PyObject_Malloc(n)`` ；如果 *n* 等于 " +"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:365 +msgid "" +"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to " +":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or " +":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`." +msgstr "" +"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，否则它必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` 、 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_Calloc` 所返回的。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:368 +msgid "" +"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* " +"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area." +msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 返回 ``NULL`` ， *p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a" +" previous call to :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or " +":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyObject_Free(p)`` has been " +"called before, undefined behavior occurs." +msgstr "" +"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。 *p* 必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` 、 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_Calloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 " +"``PyObject_Free(p)`` 之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义行为会发生。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:385 +msgid "Default Memory Allocators" +msgstr "默认内存分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:387 +msgid "Default memory allocators:" +msgstr "默认内存分配器：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390 +msgid "Configuration" +msgstr "配置" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390 +msgid "Name" +msgstr "名称" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390 +msgid "PyMem_RawMalloc" +msgstr "PyMem_RawMalloc" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390 +msgid "PyMem_Malloc" +msgstr "PyMem_Malloc" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390 +msgid "PyObject_Malloc" +msgstr "PyObject_Malloc" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392 +msgid "Release build" +msgstr "发布版本" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392 +msgid "``\"pymalloc\"``" +msgstr "``\"pymalloc\"``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392 ../../c-api/memory.rst:394 +msgid "``malloc``" +msgstr "``malloc``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392 +msgid "``pymalloc``" +msgstr "``pymalloc``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393 +msgid "Debug build" +msgstr "调试构建" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393 +msgid "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``" +msgstr "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393 ../../c-api/memory.rst:395 +msgid "``malloc`` + debug" +msgstr "``malloc`` + debug" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393 +msgid "``pymalloc`` + debug" +msgstr "``pymalloc`` + debug" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:394 +msgid "Release build, without pymalloc" +msgstr "没有 pymalloc 的发布版本" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:394 +msgid "``\"malloc\"``" +msgstr "``\"malloc\"``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:395 +msgid "Debug build, without pymalloc" +msgstr "没有 pymalloc 的调试构建" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:395 +msgid "``\"malloc_debug\"``" +msgstr "``\"malloc_debug\"``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:398 +msgid "Legend:" +msgstr "说明：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:400 +msgid "Name: value for :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable." +msgstr "名称：:envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 环境变量的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:401 +msgid "" +"``malloc``: system allocators from the standard C library, C functions: " +":c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`." +msgstr "" +"``malloc``：来自 C 标准库的系统分配器，C " +"函数：:c:func:`malloc`、:c:func:`calloc`、:c:func:`realloc` 和 :c:func:`free`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:403 +msgid "``pymalloc``: :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator `." +msgstr "``pymalloc``：:ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 `." + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:404 +msgid "" +"``mimalloc``: :ref:`mimalloc memory allocator `. The pymalloc " +"allocator will be used if mimalloc support isn't available." +msgstr "" +"``mimalloc``: :ref:`mimalloc 内存分配器 `。 如果 mimalloc 不受支持则将使用 " +"pymalloc 分配器。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:406 +msgid "" +"\"+ debug\": with :ref:`debug hooks on the Python memory allocators `." +msgstr "\"+ debug\": 附带 :ref:`Python 内存分配器的调试钩子 `." + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:408 +msgid "\"Debug build\": :ref:`Python build in debug mode `." +msgstr "“调试构建”：:ref:`调试模式下的 Python 构建 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:413 +msgid "Customize Memory Allocators" +msgstr "自定义内存分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:419 +msgid "" +"Structure used to describe a memory block allocator. The structure has the " +"following fields:" +msgstr "用于描述内存块分配器的结构体。 该结构体下列字段:" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:423 ../../c-api/memory.rst:670 +msgid "Field" +msgstr "域" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:423 ../../c-api/memory.rst:670 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:425 ../../c-api/memory.rst:672 +msgid "``void *ctx``" +msgstr "``void *ctx``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:425 ../../c-api/memory.rst:672 +msgid "user context passed as first argument" +msgstr "作为第一个参数传入的用户上下文" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:427 +msgid "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``" +msgstr "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:427 +msgid "allocate a memory block" +msgstr "分配一个内存块" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:429 +msgid "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``" +msgstr "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:429 +msgid "allocate a memory block initialized with zeros" +msgstr "分配一个初始化为 0 的内存块" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:432 +msgid "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``" +msgstr "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:432 +msgid "allocate or resize a memory block" +msgstr "分配一个内存块或调整其大小" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434 +msgid "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``" +msgstr "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434 +msgid "free a memory block" +msgstr "释放一个内存块" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:437 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`!PyMemAllocator` structure was renamed to " +":c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` and a new ``calloc`` field was added." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`!PyMemAllocator` 结构被重命名为 :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` 并新增了一个 " +"``calloc`` 字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:444 +msgid "Enum used to identify an allocator domain. Domains:" +msgstr "用来识别分配器域的枚举类。域有：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:450 ../../c-api/memory.rst:459 +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:468 +msgid "Functions:" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:452 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:453 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:454 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:455 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:461 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`," +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`," + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:462 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:463 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:464 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:470 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:471 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:472 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:473 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:477 +msgid "Get the memory block allocator of the specified domain." +msgstr "获取指定域的内存块分配器。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:482 +msgid "Set the memory block allocator of the specified domain." +msgstr "设置指定域的内存块分配器。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:484 +msgid "" +"The new allocator must return a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer when " +"requesting zero bytes." +msgstr "当请求零字节时，新的分配器必须返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:487 +msgid "" +"For the :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` domain, the allocator must be thread-" +"safe: the :term:`GIL ` is not held when the " +"allocator is called." +msgstr "" +"对于 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` 域，分配器必须是线程安全的：当分配器被调用时将不持有 :term:`GIL `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:491 +msgid "" +"For the remaining domains, the allocator must also be thread-safe: the " +"allocator may be called in different interpreters that do not share a " +"``GIL``." +msgstr "对于其余的域，分配器也必须是线程安全的：分配器可以在不共享 ``GIL`` 的不同解释器中被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:495 +msgid "" +"If the new allocator is not a hook (does not call the previous allocator), " +"the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function must be called to reinstall the" +" debug hooks on top on the new allocator." +msgstr "" +"如果新的分配器不是钩子（不调用之前的分配器），必须调用 :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` " +"函数在新分配器上重新安装调试钩子。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:499 +msgid "" +"See also :c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator` and :ref:`Preinitialize Python " +"with PyPreConfig `." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator` 和 :ref:`Preinitialize Python with " +"PyPreConfig `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:504 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` does have the following contract:" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` 没有以下合约:" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:506 +msgid "" +"It can be called after :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` and before " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to install a custom memory allocator. " +"There are no restrictions over the installed allocator other than the ones " +"imposed by the domain (for instance, the Raw Domain allows the allocator to " +"be called without the GIL held). See :ref:`the section on allocator domains " +"` for more information." +msgstr "" +"可以在 :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` 之后 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` " +"之前调用它来安装自定义的内存分配器。 对于所安装的分配器除了域的规定以外没有任何其他限制（例如 Raw Domain 允许分配器在不持有 GIL " +"的情况下被调用）。 请参阅 :ref:`有关分配器域的章节 ` 来了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:514 +msgid "" +"If called after Python has finish initializing (after " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` has been called) the allocator **must** " +"wrap the existing allocator. Substituting the current allocator for some " +"other arbitrary one is **not supported**." +msgstr "" +"如果在 Python 已完成初始化之后（即 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 被调用之后）被调用则自定义分配器 " +"**must** 必须包装现有的分配器。 将现有分配器替换为任意的其他分配器是 **不受支持的**。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:519 +msgid "All allocators must be thread-safe." +msgstr "所有分配器都必须是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:525 +msgid "" +"Setup :ref:`debug hooks in the Python memory allocators `" +" to detect memory errors." +msgstr "设置 :ref:`Python 内存分配器的调试钩子 ` 以检测内存错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:532 +msgid "Debug hooks on the Python memory allocators" +msgstr "Python 内存分配器的调试钩子" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:534 +msgid "" +"When :ref:`Python is built in debug mode `, the " +":c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function is called at the :ref:`Python " +"preinitialization ` to setup debug hooks on Python memory " +"allocators to detect memory errors." +msgstr "" +"当 :ref:`Python 在调试模式下构建 `，:c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 函数在 " +":ref:`Python 预初始化 ` 时被调用，以在 Python 内存分配器上设置调试钩子以检测内存错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:539 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable can be used to install debug" +" hooks on a Python compiled in release mode (ex: ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``)." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 环境变量可被用于在以发行模式下编译的 Python " +"上安装调试钩子（例如：``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``）。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:542 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function can be used to set debug hooks " +"after calling :c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator`." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 函数可被用于在调用了 :c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` " +"之后设置调试钩子。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:545 +msgid "" +"These debug hooks fill dynamically allocated memory blocks with special, " +"recognizable bit patterns. Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte " +"``0xCD`` (``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE``), freed memory is filled with the byte " +"``0xDD`` (``PYMEM_DEADBYTE``). Memory blocks are surrounded by \"forbidden " +"bytes\" filled with the byte ``0xFD`` (``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE``). Strings of " +"these bytes are unlikely to be valid addresses, floats, or ASCII strings." +msgstr "" +"这些调试钩子用特殊的、可辨认的位模式填充动态分配的内存块。新分配的内存用字节 ``0xCD`` （``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE`` " +"）填充，释放的内存用字节 ``0xDD`` （``PYMEM_DEADBYTE`` ）填充。内存块被填充了字节 ``0xFD`` " +"（``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE`` ）的“禁止字节”包围。这些字节串不太可能是合法的地址、浮点数或ASCII字符串" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:552 +msgid "Runtime checks:" +msgstr "运行时检查：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Detect API violations. For example, detect if :c:func:`PyObject_Free` is " +"called on a memory block allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`." +msgstr "" +"检测对 API 的违反。例如：检测对 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 分配的内存块调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Free`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:556 +msgid "Detect write before the start of the buffer (buffer underflow)." +msgstr "检测缓冲区起始位置前的写入（缓冲区下溢）。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:557 +msgid "Detect write after the end of the buffer (buffer overflow)." +msgstr "检测缓冲区终止位置后的写入（缓冲区溢出）。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:558 +msgid "" +"Check that the :term:`GIL ` is held when allocator " +"functions of :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) and" +" :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) domains are " +"called." +msgstr "" +"检测当调用 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (如: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) 和 " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (如: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) 域的分配器函数时是否持有 " +":term:`GIL `。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:563 +msgid "" +"On error, the debug hooks use the :mod:`tracemalloc` module to get the " +"traceback where a memory block was allocated. The traceback is only " +"displayed if :mod:`tracemalloc` is tracing Python memory allocations and the" +" memory block was traced." +msgstr "" +"在出错时，调试钩子使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块来回溯内存块被分配的位置。只有当 :mod:`tracemalloc` 正在追踪 " +"Python 内存分配，并且内存块被追踪时，才会显示回溯。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:568 +msgid "" +"Let *S* = ``sizeof(size_t)``. ``2*S`` bytes are added at each end of each " +"block of *N* bytes requested. The memory layout is like so, where p " +"represents the address returned by a malloc-like or realloc-like function " +"(``p[i:j]`` means the slice of bytes from ``*(p+i)`` inclusive up to " +"``*(p+j)`` exclusive; note that the treatment of negative indices differs " +"from a Python slice):" +msgstr "" +"让 *S* = ``sizeof(size_t)``。 将 ``2*S`` 个字节添加到每个被请求的 *N* 字节数据块的两端。 " +"内存的布局像是这样，其中 p 代表由类似 malloc 或类似 realloc 的函数所返回的地址 (``p[i:j]`` 表示从 ``*(p+i)``" +" 左侧开始到 ``*(p+j)`` 左侧止的字节数据切片；请注意对负索引号的处理与 Python 切片是不同的）:" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:574 +msgid "``p[-2*S:-S]``" +msgstr "``p[-2*S:-S]``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:575 +msgid "" +"Number of bytes originally asked for. This is a size_t, big-endian (easier " +"to read in a memory dump)." +msgstr "最初所要求的字节数。 这是一个 size_t，为大端序（易于在内存转储中读取）。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:577 +msgid "``p[-S]``" +msgstr "``p[-S]``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:578 +msgid "API identifier (ASCII character):" +msgstr "API 标识符（ASCII 字符）:" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:580 +msgid "``'r'`` for :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW`." +msgstr "``'r'`` 表示 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:581 +msgid "``'m'`` for :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`." +msgstr "``'m'`` 表示 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:582 +msgid "``'o'`` for :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ`." +msgstr "``'o'`` 表示 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:584 +msgid "``p[-S+1:0]``" +msgstr "``p[-S+1:0]``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:585 +msgid "Copies of PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE. Used to catch under- writes and reads." +msgstr "PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE 的副本。 用于捕获下层的写入和读取。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:587 +msgid "``p[0:N]``" +msgstr "``p[0:N]``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:588 +msgid "" +"The requested memory, filled with copies of PYMEM_CLEANBYTE, used to catch " +"reference to uninitialized memory. When a realloc-like function is called " +"requesting a larger memory block, the new excess bytes are also filled with " +"PYMEM_CLEANBYTE. When a free-like function is called, these are overwritten" +" with PYMEM_DEADBYTE, to catch reference to freed memory. When a realloc- " +"like function is called requesting a smaller memory block, the excess old " +"bytes are also filled with PYMEM_DEADBYTE." +msgstr "" +"所请求的内存，用 PYMEM_CLEANBYTE 的副本填充，用于捕获对未初始化内存的引用。 当调用 realloc " +"之类的函数来请求更大的内存块时，额外新增的字节也会用 PYMEM_CLEANBYTE 来填充。 当调用 free 之类的函数时，这些字节会用 " +"PYMEM_DEADBYTE 来重写，以捕获对已释放内存的引用。 当调用 realloc 之类的函数来请求更小的内存块时，多余的旧字节也会用 " +"PYMEM_DEADBYTE 来填充。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:596 +msgid "``p[N:N+S]``" +msgstr "``p[N:N+S]``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:597 +msgid "Copies of PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE. Used to catch over- writes and reads." +msgstr "PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE 的副本。 用于捕获超限的写入和读取。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:599 +msgid "``p[N+S:N+2*S]``" +msgstr "``p[N+S:N+2*S]``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:600 +msgid "" +"Only used if the ``PYMEM_DEBUG_SERIALNO`` macro is defined (not defined by " +"default)." +msgstr "仅当定义了 ``PYMEM_DEBUG_SERIALNO`` 宏时会被使用（默认情况下将不定义）。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:603 +msgid "" +"A serial number, incremented by 1 on each call to a malloc-like or realloc-" +"like function. Big-endian :c:type:`size_t`. If \"bad memory\" is detected " +"later, the serial number gives an excellent way to set a breakpoint on the " +"next run, to capture the instant at which this block was passed out. The " +"static function bumpserialno() in obmalloc.c is the only place the serial " +"number is incremented, and exists so you can set such a breakpoint easily." +msgstr "" +"一个序列号，每次调用 malloc 或 realloc 之类的函数时都会递增 1。 大端序的 :c:type:`size_t`。 " +"如果之后检测到了“被破坏的内存”，此序列号提供了一个很好的手段用来在下次运行时设置中断点，以捕获该内存块被破坏的瞬间。 obmalloc.c " +"中的静态函数 bumpserialno() 是唯一会递增序列号的函数，它的存在让你可以轻松地设置这样的中断点。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:610 +msgid "" +"A realloc-like or free-like function first checks that the " +"PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE bytes at each end are intact. If they've been altered, " +"diagnostic output is written to stderr, and the program is aborted via " +"Py_FatalError(). The other main failure mode is provoking a memory error " +"when a program reads up one of the special bit patterns and tries to use it " +"as an address. If you get in a debugger then and look at the object, you're" +" likely to see that it's entirely filled with PYMEM_DEADBYTE (meaning freed " +"memory is getting used) or PYMEM_CLEANBYTE (meaning uninitialized memory is " +"getting used)." +msgstr "" +"一个 realloc 之类或 free 之类的函数会先检查两端的 PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE 字节是否完好。 " +"如果它们被改变了，则会将诊断输出写入到 stderr，并且程序将通过 Py_FatalError() 中止。 " +"另一种主要的失败模式是当程序读到某种特殊的比特模式并试图将其用作地址时触发内存错误。 如果你随即进入调试器并查看该对象，你很可能会看到它已完全被填充为 " +"PYMEM_DEADBYTE (意味着已释放的内存被使用) 或 PYMEM_CLEANBYTE (意味着未初始货摊内存被使用)。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:619 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function now also works on Python " +"compiled in release mode. On error, the debug hooks now use " +":mod:`tracemalloc` to get the traceback where a memory block was allocated. " +"The debug hooks now also check if the GIL is held when functions of " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` and :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` domains are " +"called." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 函数现在也能在使用发布模式编译的 Python 上工作。 " +"当发生错误时，调试钩子现在会使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 来获取已分配内存块的回溯信息。 调试钩子现在还会在 " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` 和 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` 作用域的函数被调用时检查是否持有 " +"GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:627 +msgid "" +"Byte patterns ``0xCB`` (``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE``), ``0xDB`` (``PYMEM_DEADBYTE``) " +"and ``0xFB`` (``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE``) have been replaced with ``0xCD``, " +"``0xDD`` and ``0xFD`` to use the same values than Windows CRT debug " +"``malloc()`` and ``free()``." +msgstr "" +"字节模式 ``0xCB`` (``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE``)、 ``0xDB`` (``PYMEM_DEADBYTE``) 和 " +"``0xFB`` (``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE``) 已被 ``0xCD`` 、 ``0xDD`` 和 ``0xFD`` 替代以使用与 " +"Windows CRT 调试 ``malloc()`` 和 ``free()`` 相同的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:637 +msgid "The pymalloc allocator" +msgstr "pymalloc 分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:639 +msgid "" +"Python has a *pymalloc* allocator optimized for small objects (smaller or " +"equal to 512 bytes) with a short lifetime. It uses memory mappings called " +"\"arenas\" with a fixed size of either 256 KiB on 32-bit platforms or 1 MiB " +"on 64-bit platforms. It falls back to :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` and " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` for allocations larger than 512 bytes." +msgstr "" +"Python 有一个针对短生命周期的小对象（小于或等于 512 字节）进行了优化的 *pymalloc* 分配器。 " +"它使用名为“arena”的内存映射，在 32 位平台上的固定大小为 256 KiB，在 64 位平台上的固定大小为 1 MiB。 对于大于 512 " +"字节的分配，它会回退为 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 和 :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:645 +msgid "" +"*pymalloc* is the :ref:`default allocator ` of " +"the :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) and " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) domains." +msgstr "" +"*pymalloc* 是 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (例如: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) 和 " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (例如: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) 域的 :ref:`默认分配器 " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:649 +msgid "The arena allocator uses the following functions:" +msgstr "arena 分配器使用以下函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:651 +msgid ":c:func:`!VirtualAlloc` and :c:func:`!VirtualFree` on Windows," +msgstr "Windows 上的 :c:func:`!VirtualAlloc` 和 :c:func:`!VirtualFree`，" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:652 +msgid ":c:func:`!mmap` and :c:func:`!munmap` if available," +msgstr ":c:func:`!mmap` 和 :c:func:`!munmap`，如果可用的话，" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:653 +msgid ":c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free` otherwise." +msgstr "否则， :c:func:`malloc` 和 :c:func:`free` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:655 +msgid "" +"This allocator is disabled if Python is configured with the " +":option:`--without-pymalloc` option. It can also be disabled at runtime " +"using the :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable (ex: " +"``PYTHONMALLOC=malloc``)." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 配置了 :option:`--without-pymalloc` 选项，那么此分配器将被禁用。也可以在运行时使用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC`（例如：``PYTHONMALLOC=malloc``）环境变量来禁用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:660 +msgid "Customize pymalloc Arena Allocator" +msgstr "自定义 pymalloc Arena 分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:666 +msgid "" +"Structure used to describe an arena allocator. The structure has three " +"fields:" +msgstr "用来描述一个 arena 分配器的结构体。这个结构体有三个字段：" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:674 +msgid "``void* alloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``" +msgstr "``void* alloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:674 +msgid "allocate an arena of size bytes" +msgstr "分配一块 size 字节的区域" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:676 +msgid "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size)``" +msgstr "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size)``" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:676 +msgid "free an arena" +msgstr "释放一块区域" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:681 +msgid "Get the arena allocator." +msgstr "获取 arena 分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:685 +msgid "Set the arena allocator." +msgstr "设置 arena 分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:690 +msgid "The mimalloc allocator" +msgstr "mimalloc 分配器" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:694 +msgid "" +"Python supports the mimalloc allocator when the underlying platform support " +"is available. mimalloc \"is a general purpose allocator with excellent " +"performance characteristics. Initially developed by Daan Leijen for the " +"runtime systems of the Koka and Lean languages.\"" +msgstr "" +"Python 会在下层平台提供支持的情况下支持 mimalloc 分配器。 mimalloc \"是一个具有优良运行效率特性的通用分配器。 它最初由 " +"Daan Leijen 针对 Koka 和 Lean 语言运行时系统开发。\"" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:699 +msgid "tracemalloc C API" +msgstr "tracemalloc C API" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:705 +msgid "Track an allocated memory block in the :mod:`tracemalloc` module." +msgstr "在 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块中跟踪一个已分配的内存块。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:707 +msgid "" +"Return ``0`` on success, return ``-1`` on error (failed to allocate memory " +"to store the trace). Return ``-2`` if tracemalloc is disabled." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1`` (无法分配内存来保存跟踪信息)。 如果禁用了 tracemalloc 则返回 ``-2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:710 +msgid "If memory block is already tracked, update the existing trace." +msgstr "如果内存块已被跟踪，则更新现有跟踪信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Untrack an allocated memory block in the :mod:`tracemalloc` module. Do " +"nothing if the block was not tracked." +msgstr "在 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块中取消跟踪一个已分配的内存块。 如果内存块未被跟踪则不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:717 +msgid "Return ``-2`` if tracemalloc is disabled, otherwise return ``0``." +msgstr "如果 tracemalloc 被禁用则返回 ``-2``，否则返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:723 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:725 +msgid "" +"Here is the example from section :ref:`memoryoverview`, rewritten so that " +"the I/O buffer is allocated from the Python heap by using the first function" +" set::" +msgstr "" +"以下是来自 :ref:`memoryoverview` 小节的示例，经过重写以使 I/O 缓冲区是通过使用第一个函数集从 Python 堆中分配的::" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:728 +msgid "" +"PyObject *res;\n" +"char *buf = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n" +"\n" +"if (buf == NULL)\n" +" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n" +"/* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */\n" +"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n" +"PyMem_Free(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_Malloc */\n" +"return res;" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *res;\n" +"char *buf = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n" +"\n" +"if (buf == NULL)\n" +" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n" +"/* ...执行一些涉及 buf 的 I/O 操作... */\n" +"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n" +"PyMem_Free(buf); /* 使用 PyMem_Malloc 分配的 */\n" +"return res;" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:738 +msgid "The same code using the type-oriented function set::" +msgstr "使用面向类型函数集的相同代码::" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:740 +msgid "" +"PyObject *res;\n" +"char *buf = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n" +"\n" +"if (buf == NULL)\n" +" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n" +"/* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */\n" +"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n" +"PyMem_Del(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_New */\n" +"return res;" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *res;\n" +"char *buf = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n" +"\n" +"if (buf == NULL)\n" +" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n" +"/* ...执行一些涉及 buf 的 I/O 操作... */\n" +"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n" +"PyMem_Del(buf); /* 使用 PyMem_New 分配的 */\n" +"return res;" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:750 +msgid "" +"Note that in the two examples above, the buffer is always manipulated via " +"functions belonging to the same set. Indeed, it is required to use the same " +"memory API family for a given memory block, so that the risk of mixing " +"different allocators is reduced to a minimum. The following code sequence " +"contains two errors, one of which is labeled as *fatal* because it mixes two" +" different allocators operating on different heaps. ::" +msgstr "" +"请注意在以上两个示例中，缓冲区总是通过归属于相同集的函数来操纵的。 事实上，对于一个给定的内存块必须使用相同的内存 API " +"族，以便使得混合不同分配器的风险减至最低。 以下代码序列包含两处错误，其中一个被标记为 *fatal* 因为它混合了两种在不同堆上操作的不同分配器。 " +"::" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:757 +msgid "" +"char *buf1 = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ);\n" +"char *buf2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ);\n" +"char *buf3 = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ);\n" +"...\n" +"PyMem_Del(buf3); /* Wrong -- should be PyMem_Free() */\n" +"free(buf2); /* Right -- allocated via malloc() */\n" +"free(buf1); /* Fatal -- should be PyMem_Del() */" +msgstr "" +"char *buf1 = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ);\n" +"char *buf2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ);\n" +"char *buf3 = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ);\n" +"...\n" +"PyMem_Del(buf3); /* 错误 -- 应为 PyMem_Free() */\n" +"free(buf2); /* 正确 -- 通过 malloc() 分配的 */\n" +"free(buf1); /* 致命 -- 应为 PyMem_Del() */" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:765 +msgid "" +"In addition to the functions aimed at handling raw memory blocks from the " +"Python heap, objects in Python are allocated and released with " +":c:macro:`PyObject_New`, :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_Del`." +msgstr "" +"除了用于处理来自 Python 堆的原始内存块的函数，Python 中的对象还通过 " +":c:macro:`PyObject_New`、:c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_Del` " +"进行分配和释放。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:769 +msgid "" +"These will be explained in the next chapter on defining and implementing new" +" object types in C." +msgstr "这些将在有关如何在 C 中定义和实现新对象类型的下一章中讲解。" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43 +msgid "malloc (C function)" +msgstr "malloc (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43 +msgid "calloc (C function)" +msgstr "calloc (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43 +msgid "realloc (C function)" +msgstr "realloc (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43 +msgid "free (C function)" +msgstr "free (C 函数)" diff --git a/c-api/memoryview.po b/c-api/memoryview.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6d07ee0f --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/memoryview.po @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:9 +msgid "MemoryView objects" +msgstr "MemoryView 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:11 +msgid "" +"A :class:`memoryview` object exposes the C level :ref:`buffer interface " +"` as a Python object which can then be passed around like any" +" other object." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`memoryview` 对象C级别的 :ref:`缓冲区接口 ` " +"暴露为一个可以像任何其他对象一样传递的 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Create a memoryview object from an object that provides the buffer " +"interface. If *obj* supports writable buffer exports, the memoryview object " +"will be read/write, otherwise it may be either read-only or read/write at " +"the discretion of the exporter." +msgstr "" +"从提供缓冲区接口的对象创建 memoryview 对象。 如果 *obj* 支持可写缓冲区导出，则 memoryview " +"对象将可以被读/写，否则它可能是只读的，也可以是导出器自行决定的读/写。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:26 +msgid "Flag to request a readonly buffer." +msgstr "用于请求只读缓冲区的旗标。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:31 +msgid "Flag to request a writable buffer." +msgstr "用于请求可写缓冲区的旗标。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Create a memoryview object using *mem* as the underlying buffer. *flags* can" +" be one of :c:macro:`PyBUF_READ` or :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITE`." +msgstr "" +"使用 *mem* 作为底层缓冲区创建一个 memoryview 对象。 *flags* 可以是 :c:macro:`PyBUF_READ` 或者 " +":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITE` 之一." + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Create a memoryview object wrapping the given buffer structure *view*. For " +"simple byte buffers, :c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromMemory` is the preferred " +"function." +msgstr "" +"创建一个包含给定缓冲区结构 *view* 的 memoryview 对象。 " +"对于简单的字节缓冲区，:c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromMemory` 是首选函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Create a memoryview object to a :term:`contiguous` chunk of memory (in " +"either 'C' or 'F'ortran *order*) from an object that defines the buffer " +"interface. If memory is contiguous, the memoryview object points to the " +"original memory. Otherwise, a copy is made and the memoryview points to a " +"new bytes object." +msgstr "" +"从定义缓冲区接口的对象创建一个 memoryview 对象 :term:`contiguous` 内存块（在 'C' 或 'F'ortran " +"*order* 中）。 如果内存是连续的，则 memoryview 对象指向原始内存。 否则，复制并且 memoryview 指向新的 bytes " +"对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:55 +msgid "" +"*buffertype* can be one of :c:macro:`PyBUF_READ` or :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITE`." +msgstr "*buffertype* 可以为 :c:macro:`PyBUF_READ` 或 :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITE` 中的一个。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Return true if the object *obj* is a memoryview object. It is not currently" +" allowed to create subclasses of :class:`memoryview`. This function always " +"succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 是一个 memoryview 对象则返回真值。 目前不允许创建 :class:`memoryview` 的子类。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to the memoryview's private copy of the exporter's buffer. " +"*mview* **must** be a memoryview instance; this macro doesn't check its " +"type, you must do it yourself or you will risk crashes." +msgstr "" +"返回指向 memoryview 的导出缓冲区私有副本的指针。 *mview* **必须** 是一个 memoryview " +"实例；这个宏不检查它的类型，你必须自己检查，否则你将面临崩溃风险。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Return either a pointer to the exporting object that the memoryview is based" +" on or ``NULL`` if the memoryview has been created by one of the functions " +":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromMemory` or :c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromBuffer`. " +"*mview* **must** be a memoryview instance." +msgstr "" +"返回 memoryview 所基于的导出对象的指针，或者如果 memoryview 已由函数 " +":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromMemory` 或 :c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromBuffer` 创建则返回 " +"``NULL``。 *mview* **必须** 是一个 memoryview 实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:5 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/memoryview.rst:5 +msgid "memoryview" +msgstr "memoryview" diff --git a/c-api/method.po b/c-api/method.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9546810ee --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/method.po @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# dhcn, 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:6 +msgid "Instance Method Objects" +msgstr "实例方法对象" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:10 +msgid "" +"An instance method is a wrapper for a :c:type:`PyCFunction` and the new way " +"to bind a :c:type:`PyCFunction` to a class object. It replaces the former " +"call ``PyMethod_New(func, NULL, class)``." +msgstr "" +"实例方法是 :c:type:`PyCFunction` 的包装器，也是将 :c:type:`PyCFunction` 与类对象绑定的新方法。 " +"它取代了以前的调用 ``PyMethod_New(func, NULL, class)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:17 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python instance " +"method type. It is not exposed to Python programs." +msgstr "这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例代表 Python 实例方法类型。 它并不对 Python 程序公开。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Return true if *o* is an instance method object (has type " +":c:data:`PyInstanceMethod_Type`). The parameter must not be ``NULL``. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 是一个实例方法对象 (类型为 :c:data:`PyInstanceMethod_Type`) 则返回真值。 形参必须不为 " +"``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return a new instance method object, with *func* being any callable object. " +"*func* is the function that will be called when the instance method is " +"called." +msgstr "返回一个新的实例方法对象，*func* 应为任意可调用对象。 *func* 将在实例方法被调用时作为函数被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:37 +msgid "Return the function object associated with the instance method *im*." +msgstr "返回关联到实例方法 *im* 的函数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Macro version of :c:func:`PyInstanceMethod_Function` which avoids error " +"checking." +msgstr "宏版本的 :c:func:`PyInstanceMethod_Function`，略去了错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:48 +msgid "Method Objects" +msgstr "方法对象" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Methods are bound function objects. Methods are always bound to an instance " +"of a user-defined class. Unbound methods (methods bound to a class object) " +"are no longer available." +msgstr "方法是绑定的函数对象。 方法总是会被绑定到一个用户自定义类的实例。 未绑定方法（绑定到一个类的方法）已不再可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:61 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python method type. " +"This is exposed to Python programs as ``types.MethodType``." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例代表 Python 方法类型。 它作为 ``types.MethodType`` 向 " +"Python 程序公开。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Return true if *o* is a method object (has type :c:data:`PyMethod_Type`). " +"The parameter must not be ``NULL``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 是一个方法对象 (类型为 :c:data:`PyMethod_Type`) 则返回真值。 形参必须不为 ``NULL``。 " +"此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Return a new method object, with *func* being any callable object and *self*" +" the instance the method should be bound. *func* is the function that will " +"be called when the method is called. *self* must not be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的方法对象，*func* 应为任意可调用对象，*self* 为该方法应绑定的实例。 在方法被调用时 *func* 将作为函数被调用。 " +"*self* 必须不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:80 +msgid "Return the function object associated with the method *meth*." +msgstr "返回关联到方法 *meth* 的函数对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Macro version of :c:func:`PyMethod_Function` which avoids error checking." +msgstr "宏版本的 :c:func:`PyMethod_Function`，略去了错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:90 +msgid "Return the instance associated with the method *meth*." +msgstr "返回关联到方法 *meth* 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:95 +msgid "Macro version of :c:func:`PyMethod_Self` which avoids error checking." +msgstr "宏版本的 :c:func:`PyMethod_Self`，略去了错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:8 ../../c-api/method.rst:50 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:8 +msgid "instancemethod" +msgstr "instancemethod" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:50 +msgid "method" +msgstr "method -- 方法" + +#: ../../c-api/method.rst:59 +msgid "MethodType (in module types)" +msgstr "MethodType (types 模块)" diff --git a/c-api/module.po b/c-api/module.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..974dc4225 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/module.po @@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Yifan Sun, 2022 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# Shan Su, 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:6 +msgid "Module Objects" +msgstr "模块对象" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python module type. " +"This is exposed to Python programs as ``types.ModuleType``." +msgstr "" +"这个 C 类型实例 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 用来表示Python中的模块类型。在 Python 程序中该实例被暴露为 " +"``types.ModuleType``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a module object, or a subtype of a module object. This" +" function always succeeds." +msgstr "当 *p* 为模块类型的对象，或是模块子类型的对象时返回真值。该函数永远有返回值。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a module object, but not a subtype of " +":c:data:`PyModule_Type`. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "当 *p* 为模块类型的对象且不是 :c:data:`PyModule_Type` 的子类型的对象时返回真值。该函数永远有返回值。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Return a new module object with :attr:`module.__name__` set to *name*. The " +"module's :attr:`!__name__`, :attr:`~module.__doc__`, " +":attr:`~module.__package__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__` attributes are " +"filled in (all but :attr:`!__name__` are set to ``None``). The caller is " +"responsible for setting a :attr:`~module.__file__` attribute." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的模块对象，该对象的 :attr:`module.__name__` 将设为 *name*。 模块的 :attr:`!__name__`, " +":attr:`~module.__doc__`, :attr:`~module.__package__` 和 " +":attr:`~module.__loader__` 属性将被填充 (除 :attr:`!__name__` 外全都设为 ``None``)。 " +"调用方要负责设置 :attr:`~module.__file__` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:46 ../../c-api/module.rst:272 +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:474 +msgid "Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error." +msgstr "当发生错误时将返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:50 +msgid "" +":attr:`~module.__package__` and :attr:`~module.__loader__` are now set to " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"现在 :attr:`~module.__package__` 和 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 将被设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyModule_NewObject`, but the name is a UTF-8 encoded " +"string instead of a Unicode object." +msgstr "这类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_NewObject`， 但其名称为 UTF-8 编码的字符串而不是 Unicode 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Return the dictionary object that implements *module*'s namespace; this " +"object is the same as the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute of the module " +"object. If *module* is not a module object (or a subtype of a module " +"object), :exc:`SystemError` is raised and ``NULL`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回实现 *module* 的命名空间的字典对象；此对象与模块对象的 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性相同。 如果 " +"*module* 不是一个模块对象（或模块对象的子类型），则会引发 :exc:`SystemError` 并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:70 +msgid "" +"It is recommended extensions use other ``PyModule_*`` and ``PyObject_*`` " +"functions rather than directly manipulate a module's " +":attr:`~object.__dict__`." +msgstr "" +"建议扩展使用其他 ``PyModule_*`` 和 ``PyObject_*`` 函数而不是直接操纵模块的 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Return *module*'s :attr:`~module.__name__` value. If the module does not " +"provide one, or if it is not a string, :exc:`SystemError` is raised and " +"``NULL`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回 *module* 的 :attr:`~module.__name__` 值。 如果模块未提供该值，或者如果它不是一个字符串，则会引发 " +":exc:`SystemError` 并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyModule_GetNameObject` but return the name encoded to " +"``'utf-8'``." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_GetNameObject` 但返回 ``'utf-8'`` 编码的名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Return the \"state\" of the module, that is, a pointer to the block of " +"memory allocated at module creation time, or ``NULL``. See " +":c:member:`PyModuleDef.m_size`." +msgstr "" +"返回模块的“状态”，也就是说，返回指向在模块创建时分配的内存块的指针，或者 ``NULL``。 参见 " +":c:member:`PyModuleDef.m_size`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to the :c:type:`PyModuleDef` struct from which the module " +"was created, or ``NULL`` if the module wasn't created from a definition." +msgstr "" +"返回指向模块创建所使用的 :c:type:`PyModuleDef` 结构体的指针，或者如果模块不是使用结构体定义创建的则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Return the name of the file from which *module* was loaded using *module*'s " +":attr:`~module.__file__` attribute. If this is not defined, or if it is not" +" a string, raise :exc:`SystemError` and return ``NULL``; otherwise return a " +"reference to a Unicode object." +msgstr "" +"返回使用 *module* 的 :attr:`~module.__file__` 属性所加载的 *module* 所对应的文件名。 " +"如果未定义该属性，或者如果它不是一个字符串，则会引发 :exc:`SystemError` 并返回 ``NULL``；在其他情况下将返回一个指向 " +"Unicode 对象的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` but return the filename " +"encoded to 'utf-8'." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` 但会返回编码为 'utf-8' 的文件名。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:125 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename` raises :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` on " +"unencodable filenames, use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename` 对于不可编码的文件名会引发 :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`，请改用 " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:133 +msgid "Initializing C modules" +msgstr "初始化 C 模块" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Modules objects are usually created from extension modules (shared libraries" +" which export an initialization function), or compiled-in modules (where the" +" initialization function is added using :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab`). " +"See :ref:`building` or :ref:`extending-with-embedding` for details." +msgstr "" +"模块对象通常是基于扩展模块（导出初始化函数的共享库），或内部编译模块（其中使用 :c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` " +"添加初始化函数）。 请参阅 :ref:`building` 或 :ref:`extending-with-embedding` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The initialization function can either pass a module definition instance to " +":c:func:`PyModule_Create`, and return the resulting module object, or " +"request \"multi-phase initialization\" by returning the definition struct " +"itself." +msgstr "" +"初始化函数可以向 :c:func:`PyModule_Create` " +"传入一个模块定义实例，并返回结果模块对象，或者通过返回定义结构体本身来请求“多阶段初始化”。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:146 +msgid "" +"The module definition struct, which holds all information needed to create a" +" module object. There is usually only one statically initialized variable of" +" this type for each module." +msgstr "模块定义结构，它保存创建模块对象所需的所有信息。每个模块通常只有一个这种类型的静态初始化变量" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:152 +msgid "Always initialize this member to :c:macro:`PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT`." +msgstr "始终将此成员初始化为 :c:macro:`PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:156 +msgid "Name for the new module." +msgstr "新模块的名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Docstring for the module; usually a docstring variable created with " +":c:macro:`PyDoc_STRVAR` is used." +msgstr "模块的文档字符串；一般会使用通过 :c:macro:`PyDoc_STRVAR` 创建的文档字符串变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Module state may be kept in a per-module memory area that can be retrieved " +"with :c:func:`PyModule_GetState`, rather than in static globals. This makes " +"modules safe for use in multiple sub-interpreters." +msgstr "" +"可以把模块的状态保存在为单个模块分配的内存区域中，使用 :c:func:`PyModule_GetState` " +"检索，而不是保存在静态全局区。这使得模块可以在多个子解释器中安全地使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:169 +msgid "" +"This memory area is allocated based on *m_size* on module creation, and " +"freed when the module object is deallocated, after the " +":c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_free` function has been called, if present." +msgstr "" +"这个内存区域将在创建模块时根据 *m_size* 分配，并在调用 :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_free` " +"函数（如果存在）在取消分配模块对象时释放。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Setting ``m_size`` to ``-1`` means that the module does not support sub-" +"interpreters, because it has global state." +msgstr "将 ``m_size`` 设置为 ``-1``，意味着这个模块具有全局状态，因此不支持子解释器。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Setting it to a non-negative value means that the module can be re-" +"initialized and specifies the additional amount of memory it requires for " +"its state. Non-negative ``m_size`` is required for multi-phase " +"initialization." +msgstr "将其设置为非负值，意味着模块可以重新初始化，并指定其状态所需要的额外内存大小。多阶段初始化需要非负的 ``m_size``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:181 +msgid "See :PEP:`3121` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :PEP:`3121` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:185 +msgid "" +"A pointer to a table of module-level functions, described by " +":c:type:`PyMethodDef` values. Can be ``NULL`` if no functions are present." +msgstr "一个指向模块函数表的指针，由 :c:type:`PyMethodDef` 描述。如果模块没有函数，可以为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:190 +msgid "" +"An array of slot definitions for multi-phase initialization, terminated by a" +" ``{0, NULL}`` entry. When using single-phase initialization, *m_slots* must" +" be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"由针对多阶段初始化的槽位定义组成的数组，以一个 ``{0, NULL}`` 条目结束。 当使用单阶段初始化时，*m_slots* 必须为 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:196 +msgid "" +"Prior to version 3.5, this member was always set to ``NULL``, and was " +"defined as:" +msgstr "在 3.5 版之前，此成员总是被设为 ``NULL``，并被定义为:" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:203 +msgid "" +"A traversal function to call during GC traversal of the module object, or " +"``NULL`` if not needed." +msgstr "在模块对象的垃圾回收遍历期间所调用的遍历函数，如果不需要则为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:206 ../../c-api/module.rst:221 +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:242 +msgid "" +"This function is not called if the module state was requested but is not " +"allocated yet. This is the case immediately after the module is created and " +"before the module is executed (:c:data:`Py_mod_exec` function). More " +"precisely, this function is not called if :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_size` is" +" greater than 0 and the module state (as returned by " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState`) is ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果模块状态已被请求但尚未分配则不会调用此函数。 在模块创建之后至模块执行之前（调用 :c:data:`Py_mod_exec` 函数）就属于这种情况。" +" 更确切地说，如果 :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_size` 大于 0 且模块状态（由 " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState` 返回）为 ``NULL`` 则不会调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:213 ../../c-api/module.rst:234 +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:249 +msgid "No longer called before the module state is allocated." +msgstr "在模块状态被分配之前不再调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:218 +msgid "" +"A clear function to call during GC clearing of the module object, or " +"``NULL`` if not needed." +msgstr "在模块对象的垃圾回收清理期间所调用的清理函数，如果不需要则为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Like :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_clear`, this function is not *always* called" +" before a module is deallocated. For example, when reference counting is " +"enough to determine that an object is no longer used, the cyclic garbage " +"collector is not involved and :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_free` is called " +"directly." +msgstr "" +"就像 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_clear` " +"那样，这个函数并不总是在模块被释放前被调用。例如，当引用计数足以确定一个对象不再被使用时，就会直接调用 " +":c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_free`，而不使用循环垃圾回收器。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:239 +msgid "" +"A function to call during deallocation of the module object, or ``NULL`` if " +"not needed." +msgstr "在模块对象的释放期间所调用的函数，如果不需要则为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:253 +msgid "Single-phase initialization" +msgstr "单阶段初始化" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:255 +msgid "" +"The module initialization function may create and return the module object " +"directly. This is referred to as \"single-phase initialization\", and uses " +"one of the following two module creation functions:" +msgstr "模块初始化函数可以直接创建并返回模块对象，称为“单阶段初始化”，使用以下两个模块创建函数中的一个：" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Create a new module object, given the definition in *def*. This behaves " +"like :c:func:`PyModule_Create2` with *module_api_version* set to " +":c:macro:`PYTHON_API_VERSION`." +msgstr "" +"根据在 *def* 中给出的定义创建一个新的模块对象。 它的行为类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_Create2` 将 " +"*module_api_version* 设为 :c:macro:`PYTHON_API_VERSION`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Create a new module object, given the definition in *def*, assuming the API " +"version *module_api_version*. If that version does not match the version of" +" the running interpreter, a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` is emitted." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的模块对象，在参数 *def* 中给出定义，设定API版本为参数 *module_api_version* " +"。如果该版本与正在运行的解释器版本不匹配，则会触发 :exc:`RuntimeWarning`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Most uses of this function should be using :c:func:`PyModule_Create` " +"instead; only use this if you are sure you need it." +msgstr "大多数时候应该使用 :c:func:`PyModule_Create` 代替使用此函数，除非你确定需要使用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Before it is returned from in the initialization function, the resulting " +"module object is typically populated using functions like " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`." +msgstr "在初始化函数返回之前，生成的模块对象通常使用 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` 等函数进行填充。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:285 +msgid "Multi-phase initialization" +msgstr "多阶段初始化" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:287 +msgid "" +"An alternate way to specify extensions is to request \"multi-phase " +"initialization\". Extension modules created this way behave more like Python" +" modules: the initialization is split between the *creation phase*, when the" +" module object is created, and the *execution phase*, when it is populated. " +"The distinction is similar to the :py:meth:`!__new__` and " +":py:meth:`!__init__` methods of classes." +msgstr "" +"指定扩展的另一种方式是请求“多阶段初始化”。 以这种方式创建的扩展模块的行为更类似 Python 模块：初始化分为 *创建阶段* 即创建模块对象时和 " +"*执行阶段* 即填充模块对象时。 这种区分类似于类的 :py:meth:`!__new__` 和 :py:meth:`!__init__` 方法。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:294 +msgid "" +"Unlike modules created using single-phase initialization, these modules are " +"not singletons: if the *sys.modules* entry is removed and the module is re-" +"imported, a new module object is created, and the old module is subject to " +"normal garbage collection -- as with Python modules. By default, multiple " +"modules created from the same definition should be independent: changes to " +"one should not affect the others. This means that all state should be " +"specific to the module object (using e.g. using " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState`), or its contents (such as the module's " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` or individual classes created with " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`)." +msgstr "" +"与使用单阶段初始化创建的模块不同，这些模块不是单例：如果移除 *sys.modules* " +"条目并重新导入模块，将会创建一个新的模块对象，而旧的模块则会成为常规的垃圾回收目标 —— 就像 Python 模块那样。 " +"默认情况下，根据同一个定义创建的多个模块应该是相互独立的：对其中一个模块的更改不应影响其他模块。 这意味着所有状态都应该是模块对象 (例如使用 " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState` ) 或其内容 (例如模块的 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 或使用 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 创建的单独类) 的特定状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:304 +msgid "" +"All modules created using multi-phase initialization are expected to support" +" :ref:`sub-interpreters `. Making sure multiple " +"modules are independent is typically enough to achieve this." +msgstr "" +"所有使用多阶段初始化创建的模块都应该支持 :ref:`子解释器`。保证多个模块之间相互独立，通常就可以实现这一点。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:308 +msgid "" +"To request multi-phase initialization, the initialization function " +"(PyInit_modulename) returns a :c:type:`PyModuleDef` instance with non-empty " +":c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_slots`. Before it is returned, the ``PyModuleDef``" +" instance must be initialized with the following function:" +msgstr "" +"要请求多阶段初始化，初始化函数 (PyInit_modulename) 返回一个包含非空的 " +":c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_slots` 属性的 :c:type:`PyModuleDef` 实例。在它被返回之前，这个 " +"``PyModuleDef`` 实例必须先使用以下函数初始化：" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Ensures a module definition is a properly initialized Python object that " +"correctly reports its type and reference count." +msgstr "确保模块定义是一个正确初始化的Python对象，拥有正确的类型和引用计数。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:318 +msgid "Returns *def* cast to ``PyObject*``, or ``NULL`` if an error occurred." +msgstr "返回转换为 ``PyObject*`` 的 *def* ，如果发生错误，则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:322 +msgid "" +"The *m_slots* member of the module definition must point to an array of " +"``PyModuleDef_Slot`` structures:" +msgstr "模块定义的 *m_slots* 成员必须指向一个 ``PyModuleDef_Slot`` 结构体数组:" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:329 +msgid "A slot ID, chosen from the available values explained below." +msgstr "槽位 ID，从下面介绍的可用值中选择。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:333 +msgid "Value of the slot, whose meaning depends on the slot ID." +msgstr "槽位值，其含义取决于槽位 ID。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:337 +msgid "The *m_slots* array must be terminated by a slot with id 0." +msgstr "*m_slots* 数组必须以一个 id 为 0 的槽位结束。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:339 +msgid "The available slot types are:" +msgstr "可用的槽位类型是:" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:343 +msgid "" +"Specifies a function that is called to create the module object itself. The " +"*value* pointer of this slot must point to a function of the signature:" +msgstr "指定一个函数供调用以创建模块对象本身。 该槽位的 *value* 指针必须指向一个具有如下签名的函数:" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:350 +msgid "" +"The function receives a :py:class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` " +"instance, as defined in :PEP:`451`, and the module definition. It should " +"return a new module object, or set an error and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"该函数接受一个 :py:class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` 实例，如 :PEP:`451` " +"所定义的，以及模块定义。 它应当返回一个新的模块对象，或者设置一个错误并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:355 +msgid "" +"This function should be kept minimal. In particular, it should not call " +"arbitrary Python code, as trying to import the same module again may result " +"in an infinite loop." +msgstr "此函数应当保持最小化。 特别地，它不应当调用任意 Python 代码，因为尝试再次导入同一个模块可能会导致无限循环。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Multiple ``Py_mod_create`` slots may not be specified in one module " +"definition." +msgstr "多个 ``Py_mod_create`` 槽位不能在一个模块定义中指定。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:362 +msgid "" +"If ``Py_mod_create`` is not specified, the import machinery will create a " +"normal module object using :c:func:`PyModule_New`. The name is taken from " +"*spec*, not the definition, to allow extension modules to dynamically adjust" +" to their place in the module hierarchy and be imported under different " +"names through symlinks, all while sharing a single module definition." +msgstr "" +"如果未指定 ``Py_mod_create``，导入机制将使用 :c:func:`PyModule_New` 创建一个普通的模块对象。 名称是获取自 " +"*spec* 而非定义，以允许扩展模块动态地调整它们在模块层级结构中的位置并通过符号链接以不同的名称被导入，同时共享同一个模块定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:368 +msgid "" +"There is no requirement for the returned object to be an instance of " +":c:type:`PyModule_Type`. Any type can be used, as long as it supports " +"setting and getting import-related attributes. However, only " +"``PyModule_Type`` instances may be returned if the ``PyModuleDef`` has " +"non-``NULL`` ``m_traverse``, ``m_clear``, ``m_free``; non-zero ``m_size``; " +"or slots other than ``Py_mod_create``." +msgstr "" +"不要求返回的对象必须为 :c:type:`PyModule_Type` 的实例。 任何类型均可使用，只要它支持设置和获取导入相关的属性。 但是，如果 " +"``PyModuleDef`` 具有非 ``NULL`` 的 ``m_traverse``, ``m_clear``, ``m_free``；非零的 " +"``m_size``；或者 ``Py_mod_create`` 以外的槽位则只能返回 ``PyModule_Type`` 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Specifies a function that is called to *execute* the module. This is " +"equivalent to executing the code of a Python module: typically, this " +"function adds classes and constants to the module. The signature of the " +"function is:" +msgstr "指定一个供调用以 *执行* 模块的函数。 这造价于执行一个 Python 模块的代码：通常，此函数会向模块添加类和常量。 此函数的签名为:" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:386 +msgid "" +"If multiple ``Py_mod_exec`` slots are specified, they are processed in the " +"order they appear in the *m_slots* array." +msgstr "如果指定了多个 ``Py_mod_exec`` 槽位，将按照它们在*m_slots*数组中出现的顺序进行处理。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:391 ../../c-api/module.rst:424 +msgid "Specifies one of the following values:" +msgstr "指定以下的值之一:" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:397 +msgid "The module does not support being imported in subinterpreters." +msgstr "该模块不支持在子解释器中导入。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:401 +msgid "" +"The module supports being imported in subinterpreters, but only when they " +"share the main interpreter's GIL. (See :ref:`isolating-extensions-howto`.)" +msgstr "" +"该模块支持在子解释器中导入，但是它们必须要共享主解释器的 GIL。 （参见 :ref:`isolating-extensions-howto`。）" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:407 +msgid "" +"The module supports being imported in subinterpreters, even when they have " +"their own GIL. (See :ref:`isolating-extensions-howto`.)" +msgstr "该模块支持在子解释器中导入，即使它们有自己的 GIL。 （参见 :ref:`isolating-extensions-howto`。）" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:411 +msgid "" +"This slot determines whether or not importing this module in a " +"subinterpreter will fail." +msgstr "此槽位决定在子解释器中导入此模块是否会失败。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:414 +msgid "" +"Multiple ``Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`` slots may not be specified in one " +"module definition." +msgstr "在一个模块定义中不能指定多个 ``Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`` 槽位。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:417 +msgid "" +"If ``Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`` is not specified, the import machinery " +"defaults to ``Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_SUPPORTED``." +msgstr "" +"如果未指定 ``Py_mod_multiple_interpreters``，则导入机制默认为 " +"``Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_SUPPORTED``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:430 +msgid "" +"The module depends on the presence of the global interpreter lock (GIL), and" +" may access global state without synchronization." +msgstr "这个模块依赖于全局解释器锁 (GIL) 的存在，并可访问全局状态而不带同步。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:435 +msgid "The module is safe to run without an active GIL." +msgstr "这个模块可以在不激活 GIL 的情况下安全运行。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:437 +msgid "" +"This slot is ignored by Python builds not configured with " +":option:`--disable-gil`. Otherwise, it determines whether or not importing " +"this module will cause the GIL to be automatically enabled. See " +":ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython` for more detail." +msgstr "" +"这个槽位会被未配置 :option:`--disable-gil` 的 Python 构建版所忽略。 在其他情况下，它将决定导入此模块是否会导致 GIL" +" 被自动启用。 请参阅 :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Multiple ``Py_mod_gil`` slots may not be specified in one module definition." +msgstr "多个 ``Py_mod_gil`` 槽位不能在一个模块定义中指定。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:444 +msgid "" +"If ``Py_mod_gil`` is not specified, the import machinery defaults to " +"``Py_MOD_GIL_USED``." +msgstr "如果未指定 ``Py_mod_gil``，则导入机制默认为 ``Py_MOD_GIL_USED``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:449 +msgid "See :PEP:`489` for more details on multi-phase initialization." +msgstr "有关多阶段初始化的更多细节，请参阅PEP:`489`" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:452 +msgid "Low-level module creation functions" +msgstr "底层模块创建函数" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:454 +msgid "" +"The following functions are called under the hood when using multi-phase " +"initialization. They can be used directly, for example when creating module " +"objects dynamically. Note that both ``PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`` and " +"``PyModule_ExecDef`` must be called to fully initialize a module." +msgstr "" +"当使用多阶段初始化时，将会调用以下函数。例如，在动态创建模块对象的时候，可以直接使用它们。注意，必须调用 " +"``PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`` 和 ``PyModule_ExecDef`` 来完整地初始化一个模块。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:461 +msgid "" +"Create a new module object, given the definition in *def* and the ModuleSpec" +" *spec*. This behaves like :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2` with " +"*module_api_version* set to :c:macro:`PYTHON_API_VERSION`." +msgstr "" +"根据在 *def* 中给出的定义和 ModuleSpec *spec* 创建一个新的模块对象。 它的行为类似于 " +":c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2` 将 *module_api_version* 设为 " +":c:macro:`PYTHON_API_VERSION`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:469 +msgid "" +"Create a new module object, given the definition in *def* and the ModuleSpec" +" *spec*, assuming the API version *module_api_version*. If that version does" +" not match the version of the running interpreter, a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` " +"is emitted." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的模块对象，在参数 *def* 和 *spec* 中给出定义，设置API版本为参数 " +"*module_api_version*。如果该版本与正在运行的解释器版本不匹配，则会触发 :exc:`RuntimeWarning`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Most uses of this function should be using :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`" +" instead; only use this if you are sure you need it." +msgstr "大多数时候应该使用 :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec` 代替使用此函数，除非你确定需要使用它。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:485 +msgid "Process any execution slots (:c:data:`Py_mod_exec`) given in *def*." +msgstr "执行参数*def*中给出的任意执行槽（:c:data:`Py_mod_exec`）。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:491 +msgid "" +"Set the docstring for *module* to *docstring*. This function is called " +"automatically when creating a module from ``PyModuleDef``, using either " +"``PyModule_Create`` or ``PyModule_FromDefAndSpec``." +msgstr "" +"将*module*的文档字符串设置为*docstring*。当使用 ``PyModule_Create`` 或 " +"``PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`` 从 ``PyModuleDef`` 创建模块时，会自动调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:500 +msgid "" +"Add the functions from the ``NULL`` terminated *functions* array to " +"*module*. Refer to the :c:type:`PyMethodDef` documentation for details on " +"individual entries (due to the lack of a shared module namespace, module " +"level \"functions\" implemented in C typically receive the module as their " +"first parameter, making them similar to instance methods on Python classes)." +" This function is called automatically when creating a module from " +"``PyModuleDef``, using either ``PyModule_Create`` or " +"``PyModule_FromDefAndSpec``." +msgstr "" +"将以 ``NULL`` 结尾的*functions*数组中的函数添加到*module*模块中。有关单个条目的更多细节，请参与 " +":c:type:`PyMethodDef` " +"文档（由于缺少共享的模块命名空间，在C中实现的模块级“函数”通常将模块作为它的第一个参数，与Python类的实例方法类似）。当使用 " +"``PyModule_Create`` 或 ``PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`` 从 ``PyModuleDef`` " +"创建模块时，会自动调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:512 +msgid "Support functions" +msgstr "支持函数" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:514 +msgid "" +"The module initialization function (if using single phase initialization) or" +" a function called from a module execution slot (if using multi-phase " +"initialization), can use the following functions to help initialize the " +"module state:" +msgstr "模块初始化函数（单阶段初始化）或通过模块的执行槽位调用的函数（多阶段初始化），可以使用以下函数，来帮助初始化模块的状态：" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:521 +msgid "" +"Add an object to *module* as *name*. This is a convenience function which " +"can be used from the module's initialization function." +msgstr "将一个名称为*name*的对象添加到*module*模块中。这是一个方便的函数，可以在模块的初始化函数中使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:524 +msgid "" +"On success, return ``0``. On error, raise an exception and return ``-1``." +msgstr "如果成功，返回 ``0``。如果发生错误，引发异常并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:526 ../../c-api/module.rst:577 +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:604 +msgid "Example usage::" +msgstr "用法示例：" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:528 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"add_spam(PyObject *module, int value)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(value);\n" +" if (obj == NULL) {\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" int res = PyModule_AddObjectRef(module, \"spam\", obj);\n" +" Py_DECREF(obj);\n" +" return res;\n" +" }" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"add_spam(PyObject *module, int value)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(value);\n" +" if (obj == NULL) {\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" int res = PyModule_AddObjectRef(module, \"spam\", obj);\n" +" Py_DECREF(obj);\n" +" return res;\n" +" }" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:540 +msgid "" +"To be convenient, the function accepts ``NULL`` *value* with an exception " +"set. In this case, return ``-1`` and just leave the raised exception " +"unchanged." +msgstr "为了方便，该函数接受 ``NULL`` *value* 并设置一个异常。 在此情况下，将返回 ``-1`` 并让所引发的异常保持不变。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:544 +msgid "" +"The example can also be written without checking explicitly if *obj* is " +"``NULL``::" +msgstr "这个例子也可以写成不显式地检查 *obj* 是否为 ``NULL``::" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:547 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"add_spam(PyObject *module, int value)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(value);\n" +" int res = PyModule_AddObjectRef(module, \"spam\", obj);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(obj);\n" +" return res;\n" +" }" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"add_spam(PyObject *module, int value)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *obj = PyLong_FromLong(value);\n" +" int res = PyModule_AddObjectRef(module, \"spam\", obj);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(obj);\n" +" return res;\n" +" }" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:556 +msgid "" +"Note that ``Py_XDECREF()`` should be used instead of ``Py_DECREF()`` in this" +" case, since *obj* can be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"注意在此情况下应当使用 ``Py_XDECREF()`` 而不是 ``Py_DECREF()``，因为 *obj* 可能为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:559 +msgid "" +"The number of different *name* strings passed to this function should be " +"kept small, usually by only using statically allocated strings as *name*. " +"For names that aren't known at compile time, prefer calling " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr` directly. For " +"more details, see :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, which may be used " +"internally to create a key object." +msgstr "" +"传给该函数的不同 *name* 字符串应当保持在较少的数量，通常是通过仅使用静态分配的字符串作为 *name* 来做到这一点。 " +"对于编译时未知的名称，建议直接调用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr`。 更多相关细节，请参阅 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`，它可在内部用于创建键对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:572 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`, but \"steals\" a reference to " +"*value*. It can be called with a result of function that returns a new " +"reference without bothering to check its result or even saving it to a " +"variable." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`，但会“偷取”一个指向 *value* 的引用。 " +"它在被调用时可附带一个返回新引用的函数的结果而无需检查其结果或是将其保存到一个变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:579 +msgid "" +"if (PyModule_Add(module, \"spam\", PyBytes_FromString(value)) < 0) {\n" +" goto error;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"if (PyModule_Add(module, \"spam\", PyBytes_FromString(value)) < 0) {\n" +" goto error;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:588 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`, but steals a reference to " +"*value* on success (if it returns ``0``)." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`，但会在成功时偷取一个对 *value* 的引用（如果它返回 ``0`` 值）。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:591 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`PyModule_Add` or :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` functions " +"are recommended, since it is easy to introduce reference leaks by misusing " +"the :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` function." +msgstr "" +"推荐使用新的 :c:func:`PyModule_Add` 或 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` 函数，因为误用 " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` 函数很容易导致引用泄漏。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:598 +msgid "" +"Unlike other functions that steal references, ``PyModule_AddObject()`` only " +"releases the reference to *value* **on success**." +msgstr "与其他窃取引用的函数不同，``PyModule_AddObject()`` 只在 **成功** 时释放对 *value* 的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:601 +msgid "" +"This means that its return value must be checked, and calling code must " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF` *value* manually on error." +msgstr "这意味着必须检查它的返回值，调用方代码必须在发生错误时手动为 *value* 执行 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:606 +msgid "" +"PyObject *obj = PyBytes_FromString(value);\n" +"if (PyModule_AddObject(module, \"spam\", obj) < 0) {\n" +" // If 'obj' is not NULL and PyModule_AddObject() failed,\n" +" // 'obj' strong reference must be deleted with Py_XDECREF().\n" +" // If 'obj' is NULL, Py_XDECREF() does nothing.\n" +" Py_XDECREF(obj);\n" +" goto error;\n" +"}\n" +"// PyModule_AddObject() stole a reference to obj:\n" +"// Py_XDECREF(obj) is not needed here." +msgstr "" +"PyObject *obj = PyBytes_FromString(value);\n" +"if (PyModule_AddObject(module, \"spam\", obj) < 0) {\n" +" // 如果 'obj' 不为 NULL 且 PyModule_AddObject() 执行失败，\n" +" // 则 'obj' 强引用必须使 Py_XDECREF() 来删除。\n" +" // 如果 'obj' 为 NULL，则 Py_XDECREF() 不做任何操作。\n" +" Py_XDECREF(obj);\n" +" goto error;\n" +"}\n" +"// PyModule_AddObject() 会偷取一个对 obj 的引用：\n" +"// 这里不需要 Py_XDECREF(obj)。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:619 +msgid ":c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` is :term:`soft deprecated`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` 处于 :term:`soft deprecated` 状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:624 +msgid "" +"Add an integer constant to *module* as *name*. This convenience function " +"can be used from the module's initialization function. Return ``-1`` with an" +" exception set on error, ``0`` on success." +msgstr "" +"将一个整数常量作为 *name* 添加到 *module* 中。 这个便捷函数可在模块的初始化函数中使用。 当发生错误时将返回 ``-1`` " +"并设置一个异常，成功时则返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:628 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function that calls :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` and " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`; see their documentation for details." +msgstr "" +"这是一个调用 :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` 和 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` " +"的便捷函数；请参阅其文档了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:634 +msgid "" +"Add a string constant to *module* as *name*. This convenience function can " +"be used from the module's initialization function. The string *value* must " +"be ``NULL``-terminated. Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` " +"on success." +msgstr "" +"将一个字符串常量作为 *name* 添加到 *module* 中。 这个便捷函数可在模块初始化函数中使用。 字符串 *value* 必须以 " +"``NULL`` 结尾。 当发生错误时将返回 ``-1``，成功时则返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:639 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function that calls " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString` and :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`; " +"see their documentation for details." +msgstr "" +"这是一个调用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString` 和 " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` 的便捷函数；请参阅其文档了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:646 +msgid "" +"Add an int constant to *module*. The name and the value are taken from " +"*macro*. For example ``PyModule_AddIntMacro(module, AF_INET)`` adds the int " +"constant *AF_INET* with the value of *AF_INET* to *module*. Return ``-1`` " +"with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success." +msgstr "" +"将一个整数常量添加到 *module* 中。 名称和值取自 *macro*。 例如 ``PyModule_AddIntMacro(module, " +"AF_INET)`` 将值为 *AF_INET* 的整数常量 *AF_INET* 添加到 *module* 中。 当发生错误时将抬 ``-1`` " +"并设置一个异常，成功时将返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:654 +msgid "Add a string constant to *module*." +msgstr "将一个字符串常量添加到*module*模块中。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:658 +msgid "" +"Add a type object to *module*. The type object is finalized by calling " +"internally :c:func:`PyType_Ready`. The name of the type object is taken from" +" the last component of :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` after dot. Return " +"``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success." +msgstr "" +"将一个类型对象添加到 *module* 中。 类型对象是通过在内部调用 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 来最终化的。 类型对象的名称取自 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` 在点号之后的部分。 当发生错误时将返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常，成功时将返回 " +"``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:668 +msgid "" +"Indicate that *module* does or does not support running without the global " +"interpreter lock (GIL), using one of the values from :c:macro:`Py_mod_gil`. " +"It must be called during *module*'s initialization function. If this " +"function is not called during module initialization, the import machinery " +"assumes the module does not support running without the GIL. This function " +"is only available in Python builds configured with :option:`--disable-gil`. " +"Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success." +msgstr "" +"指明 *module* 是否支持不带全局解释器锁 (GIL) 运行，使用来自 :c:macro:`Py_mod_gil` 的值 。 它必须在 " +"*module* 的初始化函数执行期间被调用。 如果此函数在模块初始化期间未被调用，导入机制将假定该模块不支持不带 GIL 运行。 此函数仅在配置了 " +":option:`--disable-gil` 的 Python 编译版中可用。 当发生错误时将返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常，成功时将返回 " +"``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:681 +msgid "Module lookup" +msgstr "查找模块" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:683 +msgid "" +"Single-phase initialization creates singleton modules that can be looked up " +"in the context of the current interpreter. This allows the module object to " +"be retrieved later with only a reference to the module definition." +msgstr "单阶段初始化创建可以在当前解释器上下文中被查找的单例模块。这使得仅通过模块定义的引用，就可以检索模块对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:687 +msgid "" +"These functions will not work on modules created using multi-phase " +"initialization, since multiple such modules can be created from a single " +"definition." +msgstr "这些函数不适用于通过多阶段初始化创建的模块，因为可以从一个模块定义创建多个模块对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:692 +msgid "" +"Returns the module object that was created from *def* for the current " +"interpreter. This method requires that the module object has been attached " +"to the interpreter state with :c:func:`PyState_AddModule` beforehand. In " +"case the corresponding module object is not found or has not been attached " +"to the interpreter state yet, it returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"返回当前解释器中由 *def* 创建的模块对象。此方法要求模块对象此前已通过 :c:func:`PyState_AddModule` " +"函数附加到解释器状态中。如果找不到相应的模块对象，或模块对象还未附加到解释器状态，返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:699 +msgid "" +"Attaches the module object passed to the function to the interpreter state. " +"This allows the module object to be accessible via " +":c:func:`PyState_FindModule`." +msgstr "将传给函数的模块对象附加到解释器状态。 这将允许通过 :c:func:`PyState_FindModule` 来访问该模块对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:702 +msgid "Only effective on modules created using single-phase initialization." +msgstr "仅在使用单阶段初始化创建的模块上有效。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Python calls ``PyState_AddModule`` automatically after importing a module, " +"so it is unnecessary (but harmless) to call it from module initialization " +"code. An explicit call is needed only if the module's own init code " +"subsequently calls ``PyState_FindModule``. The function is mainly intended " +"for implementing alternative import mechanisms (either by calling it " +"directly, or by referring to its implementation for details of the required " +"state updates)." +msgstr "" +"Python 会在导入一个模块后自动调用 ``PyState_AddModule``，因此从模块初始化代码中调用它是没有必要的（但也没有害处）。 " +"显式的调用仅在模块自己的初始化代码后继调用了 ``PyState_FindModule`` 的情况下才是必要的。 " +"此函数主要是为了实现替代导入机制（或是通过直接调用它，或是通过引用它的实现来获取所需的状态更新详情）。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:712 ../../c-api/module.rst:723 +msgid "The caller must hold the GIL." +msgstr "调用时必须携带GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:714 +msgid "Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常，成功时返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:720 +msgid "" +"Removes the module object created from *def* from the interpreter state. " +"Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success." +msgstr "从解释器状态中移除由 *def* 创建的模块对象。 当发生错误时将返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常，成功时将返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:8 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:13 +msgid "ModuleType (in module types)" +msgstr "ModuleType (在 types 模块中)" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:33 ../../c-api/module.rst:77 +msgid "__name__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__name__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:33 +msgid "__doc__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__doc__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:33 ../../c-api/module.rst:108 +msgid "__file__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__file__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:33 +msgid "__package__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__package__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:33 +msgid "__loader__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__loader__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:63 +msgid "__dict__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__dict__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../c-api/module.rst:77 ../../c-api/module.rst:108 +msgid "SystemError (built-in exception)" +msgstr "SystemError (内置异常)" diff --git a/c-api/monitoring.po b/c-api/monitoring.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c27398fd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/monitoring.po @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-05-11 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:6 +msgid "Monitoring C API" +msgstr "监控 C API" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:8 +msgid "Added in version 3.13." +msgstr "在 3.13 版中添加。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:10 +msgid "" +"An extension may need to interact with the event monitoring system. " +"Subscribing to events and registering callbacks can be done via the Python " +"API exposed in :mod:`sys.monitoring`." +msgstr "" +"一个扩展可能需要与事件监视系统进行交互。 订阅事件和注册回调都可通过在 :mod:`sys.monitoring` 中暴露的 Python API " +"来完成。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:15 +msgid "Generating Execution Events" +msgstr "生成执行事件" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The functions below make it possible for an extension to fire monitoring " +"events as it emulates the execution of Python code. Each of these functions " +"accepts a ``PyMonitoringState`` struct which contains concise information " +"about the activation state of events, as well as the event arguments, which " +"include a ``PyObject*`` representing the code object, the instruction offset" +" and sometimes additional, event-specific arguments (see " +":mod:`sys.monitoring` for details about the signatures of the different " +"event callbacks). The ``codelike`` argument should be an instance of " +":class:`types.CodeType` or of a type that emulates it." +msgstr "" +"下面的函数使得扩展可以在模拟执行 Python 代码时触发监控事件。 这样的函数都接受一个 ``PyMonitoringState`` " +"结构体，其中包含有关事件激活状态的简明信息以及事件参数 ，此类参数包括代表代码对象的 " +"``PyObject*``、指令偏移量，有时还包括额外的、事件专属的参数（请参阅 :mod:`sys.monitoring` " +"了解有关不同事件回调签名的详情）。 ``codelike`` 参数应为 :class:`types.CodeType` 的实例或是某个模拟它的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The VM disables tracing when firing an event, so there is no need for user " +"code to do that." +msgstr "VM 会在触发事件时禁用跟踪，因此用户不需要额外的操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Monitoring functions should not be called with an exception set, except " +"those listed below as working with the current exception." +msgstr "监控函数被调用时不应设置异常，除非是下面列出的用于处理当前异常的函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Representation of the state of an event type. It is allocated by the user " +"while its contents are maintained by the monitoring API functions described " +"below." +msgstr "事件类型状态的表示形式。 它由用户分配，但其内容则由下文描述的监控 API 函数来维护。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:39 +msgid "" +"All of the functions below return 0 on success and -1 (with an exception " +"set) on error." +msgstr "下面的所有函数均在成功时返回 0 并在失败时返回 -1 (同时设置一个异常)。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:41 +msgid "See :mod:`sys.monitoring` for descriptions of the events." +msgstr "请参阅 :mod:`sys.monitoring` 获取事件的描述。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:45 +msgid "Fire a ``PY_START`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``PY_START`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:50 +msgid "Fire a ``PY_RESUME`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``PY_RESUME`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:55 +msgid "Fire a ``PY_RETURN`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``PY_RETURN`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:60 +msgid "Fire a ``PY_YIELD`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``PY_YIELD`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:65 +msgid "Fire a ``CALL`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``CALL`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:70 +msgid "Fire a ``LINE`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``LINE`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:75 +msgid "Fire a ``JUMP`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``JUMP`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:80 +msgid "Fire a ``BRANCH`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``BRANCH`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:85 +msgid "Fire a ``C_RETURN`` event." +msgstr "发出 ``C_RETURN`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Fire a ``PY_THROW`` event with the current exception (as returned by " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`)." +msgstr "使用当前（即 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 返回的）异常发出 ``PY_THROW`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Fire a ``RAISE`` event with the current exception (as returned by " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`)." +msgstr "" +"使用当前（即 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 所返回的）异常发出 ``RAISE`` 事件。event with " +"the current )." + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Fire a ``C_RAISE`` event with the current exception (as returned by " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`)." +msgstr "使用当前（即 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 所返回的）异常发出 ``C_RAISE`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Fire a ``RERAISE`` event with the current exception (as returned by " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`)." +msgstr "使用当前（即 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 所返回的）异常发出 ``RERAISE`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Fire an ``EXCEPTION_HANDLED`` event with the current exception (as returned " +"by :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`)." +msgstr "" +"使用当前（即 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 所返回的）异常发出 ``EXCEPTION_HANDLED`` " +"事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Fire a ``PY_UNWIND`` event with the current exception (as returned by " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`)." +msgstr "使用当前（即 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 所返回的）异常发出 ``PY_UNWIND`` 事件。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Fire a ``STOP_ITERATION`` event. If ``value`` is an instance of " +":exc:`StopIteration`, it is used. Otherwise, a new :exc:`StopIteration` " +"instance is created with ``value`` as its argument." +msgstr "" +"发出 ``STOP_ITERATION`` 事件。 如果 ``value`` 是一个 :exc:`StopIteration` 实例，它将被使用。 " +"在其他情况下，将新建一个 :exc:`StopIteration` 实例并以 ``value`` 作为其参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:131 +msgid "Managing the Monitoring State" +msgstr "管理监控状态" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Monitoring states can be managed with the help of monitoring scopes. A scope" +" would typically correspond to a python function." +msgstr "监控状态可在监控作用域的协助下进行管理。 一个作用域通常对应一个 python 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Enter a monitored scope. ``event_types`` is an array of the event IDs for " +"events that may be fired from the scope. For example, the ID of a " +"``PY_START`` event is the value ``PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_START``, which is " +"numerically equal to the base-2 logarithm of " +"``sys.monitoring.events.PY_START``. ``state_array`` is an array with a " +"monitoring state entry for each event in ``event_types``, it is allocated by" +" the user but populated by :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` with " +"information about the activation state of the event. The size of " +"``event_types`` (and hence also of ``state_array``) is given in ``length``." +msgstr "" +"进入一个监控作用域。 ``event_types`` 是由可从该作用域发生事件的事件 ID 组成的数组。 例如，``PY_START`` 事件的 ID " +"值为 ``PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_START``，其对应数字等于 " +"``sys.monitoring.events.PY_START`` 的以 2 为底的对数。 ``state_array`` 是由对应 " +"``event_types`` 中每个事件的监控状态组成的数组，它由用户进行分配但是由 " +":c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` 使用事件激活状态相关信息填充。 ``event_types`` 的大小 (因而也是" +" ``state_array`` 的大小) 由 ``length`` 给出。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:148 +msgid "" +"The ``version`` argument is a pointer to a value which should be allocated " +"by the user together with ``state_array`` and initialized to 0, and then set" +" only by :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` itself. It allows this function " +"to determine whether event states have changed since the previous call, and " +"to return quickly if they have not." +msgstr "" +"``version`` 是一个指向应与 ``state_array`` 一起由用户分配的值并初始化为 0，然后仅由 " +":c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` 本身来设置。 " +"它允许此函数确定事件状态自上次调用以来是否发生改变，并在它们未改变时立即返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:154 +msgid "" +"The scopes referred to here are lexical scopes: a function, class or method." +" :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` should be called whenever the lexical " +"scope is entered. Scopes can be reentered, reusing the same *state_array* " +"and *version*, in situations like when emulating a recursive Python " +"function. When a code-like's execution is paused, such as when emulating a " +"generator, the scope needs to be exited and re-entered." +msgstr "" +"这里所称的作用域是词法意义下的作用域：一个函数、类或方法。 :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` " +"应当在进入词法作用域时被调用。 在模拟一个递归 Python 函数之类的情况下，作用域可被重进入，并重用相同的 *state_array* 和 " +"*version*。 当某个代码执行暂停时，例如在模拟一个生成器时，此作用域需要被退出并重进入。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:161 +msgid "The macros for *event_types* are:" +msgstr "对应 *event_types* 的宏如下：" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:169 +msgid "Macro" +msgstr "宏" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:169 +msgid "Event" +msgstr "事件" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:171 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`BRANCH`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`BRANCH`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:172 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`CALL`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`CALL`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:173 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`C_RAISE`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`C_RAISE`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:174 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`C_RETURN`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`C_RETURN`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:175 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`EXCEPTION_HANDLED`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`EXCEPTION_HANDLED`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:176 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`INSTRUCTION`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`INSTRUCTION`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:177 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`JUMP`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`JUMP`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:178 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`LINE`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`LINE`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:179 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_RESUME`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_RESUME`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:180 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:181 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_START`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_START`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:182 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_THROW`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_THROW`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:183 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_UNWIND`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_UNWIND`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:184 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_YIELD`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_YIELD`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:185 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`RAISE`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`RAISE`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:186 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`RERAISE`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`RERAISE`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:187 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION`" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Exit the last scope that was entered with " +":c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope`." +msgstr "退出使用 :c:func:`!PyMonitoring_EnterScope` 进入的上一个作用域。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:197 +msgid "" +"Return true if the event corresponding to the event ID *ev* is a :ref:`local" +" event `." +msgstr "如果对应事件 ID *ev* 的事件属于 :ref:`局部事件 ` 则返回真值。" + +#: ../../c-api/monitoring.rst:204 +msgid "This function is :term:`soft deprecated`." +msgstr "此函数状态为 :term:`soft deprecated`。" diff --git a/c-api/none.po b/c-api/none.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2d96dedf --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/none.po @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/none.rst:6 +msgid "The ``None`` Object" +msgstr "``None`` 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/none.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Note that the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` for ``None`` is not directly exposed in" +" the Python/C API. Since ``None`` is a singleton, testing for object " +"identity (using ``==`` in C) is sufficient. There is no " +":c:func:`!PyNone_Check` function for the same reason." +msgstr "" +"请注意，Python/C API 中并没有直接公开 ``None`` 的 :c:type:`PyTypeObject`。 由于 ``None`` " +"是一个单例，测试对象标识号（在 C 语言中使用 ``==`` 运算符）就足够了。 出于同样的原因也没有 :c:func:`!PyNone_Check` " +"函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/none.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The Python ``None`` object, denoting lack of value. This object has no " +"methods and is :term:`immortal`." +msgstr "Python ``None`` 对象，表示缺少实际值。 该对象没有任何方法并且属于 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/none.rst:21 +msgid ":c:data:`Py_None` is :term:`immortal`." +msgstr ":c:data:`Py_None` 属于 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/none.rst:26 +msgid "Return :c:data:`Py_None` from a function." +msgstr "从一个函数返回 :c:data:`Py_None`。" + +#: ../../c-api/none.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/none.rst:8 +msgid "None" +msgstr "None" diff --git a/c-api/number.po b/c-api/number.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7477c7fd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/number.po @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 心韵 方 , 2024 +# Azuk 443 , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:6 +msgid "Number Protocol" +msgstr "数字协议" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Returns ``1`` if the object *o* provides numeric protocols, and false " +"otherwise. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 提供数字的协议，返回真 ``1``，否则返回假。这个函数不会调用失败。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:14 +msgid "Returns ``1`` if *o* is an index integer." +msgstr "如果 *o* 是一个索引整数则返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of adding *o1* and *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. This is" +" the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 + o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 、*o2* 相加的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 + o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of subtracting *o2* from *o1*, or ``NULL`` on failure. " +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 - o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 减去 *o2* 的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 - o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of multiplying *o1* and *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. " +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 * o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 、 *o2* 相乘的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 * o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of matrix multiplication on *o1* and *o2*, or ``NULL`` on" +" failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 @ o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 、*o2* 做矩阵乘法的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 @ o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Return the floor of *o1* divided by *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 // o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 除以 *o2* 向下取整的值，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 // o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of *o1* divided" +" by *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. The return value is \"approximate\" " +"because binary floating-point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to" +" represent all real numbers in base two. This function can return a " +"floating-point value when passed two integers. This is the equivalent of " +"the Python expression ``o1 / o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 除以 *o2* 的数学值的合理近似值，或失败时返回 ``NULL``。 返回的是 \"近似值\" " +"因为二进制浮点数本身就是近似值；不可能以二进制精确表示所有实数。 此函数可以在传入两个整数时返回一个浮点值。 此函数等价于 Python 表达式 " +"``o1 / o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Returns the remainder of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. " +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 % o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 除以 *o2* 得到的余数，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 % o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:69 +msgid "" +"See the built-in function :func:`divmod`. Returns ``NULL`` on failure. This" +" is the equivalent of the Python expression ``divmod(o1, o2)``." +msgstr "" +"参考内置函数 :func:`divmod`。如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``divmod(o1, o2)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:77 +msgid "" +"See the built-in function :func:`pow`. Returns ``NULL`` on failure. This is" +" the equivalent of the Python expression ``pow(o1, o2, o3)``, where *o3* is " +"optional. If *o3* is to be ignored, pass :c:data:`Py_None` in its place " +"(passing ``NULL`` for *o3* would cause an illegal memory access)." +msgstr "" +"请参阅内置函数 :func:`pow`。 如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。 等价于 Python 中的表达式 ``pow(o1, o2, " +"o3)``，其中 *o3* 是可选的。如果要忽略 *o3*，则需传入 :c:data:`Py_None` 作为代替（如果传入 ``NULL`` " +"会导致非法内存访问）。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Returns the negation of *o* on success, or ``NULL`` on failure. This is the " +"equivalent of the Python expression ``-o``." +msgstr "返回 *o* 的负值，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。等价于 Python 表达式 ``-o``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Returns *o* on success, or ``NULL`` on failure. This is the equivalent of " +"the Python expression ``+o``." +msgstr "返回 *o*，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。等价于 Python 表达式 ``+o``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Returns the absolute value of *o*, or ``NULL`` on failure. This is the " +"equivalent of the Python expression ``abs(o)``." +msgstr "返回 *o* 的绝对值，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``abs(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Returns the bitwise negation of *o* on success, or ``NULL`` on failure. " +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``~o``." +msgstr "返回 *o* 的按位取反后的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``~o``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of left shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 << o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 左移 *o2* 个比特后的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 << o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of right shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or ``NULL`` on" +" failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 >> o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 右移 *o2* 个比特后的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 >> o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Returns the \"bitwise and\" of *o1* and *o2* on success and ``NULL`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 & o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 和 *o2* “按位与”的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 & o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Returns the \"bitwise exclusive or\" of *o1* by *o2* on success, or ``NULL``" +" on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 ^ o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 和 *o2* “按位异或”的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 ^ o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Returns the \"bitwise or\" of *o1* and *o2* on success, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 | o2``." +msgstr "返回 *o1* 和 *o2* “按位或”的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 | o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of adding *o1* and *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. The " +"operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is the equivalent " +"of the Python statement ``o1 += o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 、*o2* 相加的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 Python 语句" +" ``o1 += o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of subtracting *o2* from *o1*, or ``NULL`` on failure. " +"The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is the " +"equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 -= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 、*o2* 相减的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 Python " +"语句 ``o1 -= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of multiplying *o1* and *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. " +"The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is the " +"equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 *= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 、*o2*相乘的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 Python 语句" +" ``o1 *= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of matrix multiplication on *o1* and *o2*, or ``NULL`` on" +" failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 @= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 、*o2* 做矩阵乘法后的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL`` 。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 " +"Python 语句 ``o1 @= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Returns the mathematical floor of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 //= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 除以 *o2* 后向下取整的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 " +"Python 语句 ``o1 //= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Return a reasonable approximation for the mathematical value of *o1* divided" +" by *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. The return value is \"approximate\" " +"because binary floating-point numbers are approximate; it is not possible to" +" represent all real numbers in base two. This function can return a " +"floating-point value when passed two integers. The operation is done *in-" +"place* when *o1* supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python statement" +" ``o1 /= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 除以 *o2* 的数学值的合理近似值，或失败时返回 ``NULL``。 返回的是 \"近似值\" " +"因为二进制浮点数本身就是近似值；不可能以二进制精确表示所有实数。 此函数可以在传入两个整数时返回一个浮点数。 此运算在 *o1* 支持的时候会 *原地*" +" 执行。此函数等价于 Python 语句 ``o1 /= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Returns the remainder of dividing *o1* by *o2*, or ``NULL`` on failure. The" +" operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is the equivalent" +" of the Python statement ``o1 %= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 除以 *o2* 得到的余数，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 Python " +"语句 ``o1 %= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:197 +msgid "" +"See the built-in function :func:`pow`. Returns ``NULL`` on failure. The " +"operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is the equivalent " +"of the Python statement ``o1 **= o2`` when o3 is :c:data:`Py_None`, or an " +"in-place variant of ``pow(o1, o2, o3)`` otherwise. If *o3* is to be ignored," +" pass :c:data:`Py_None` in its place (passing ``NULL`` for *o3* would cause " +"an illegal memory access)." +msgstr "" +"请参阅内置函数 :func:`pow`。 如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。当 *o3* 是 " +":c:data:`Py_None` 时，等价于 Python 语句 ``o1 **= o2``；否则等价于在原来位置储存结果的 ``pow(o1, " +"o2, o3)`` 。如果要忽略 *o3*，则需传入 :c:data:`Py_None` （传入 ``NULL`` 会导致非法内存访问）。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of left shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 <<= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 左移 *o2* 个比特后的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 " +"Python 语句 ``o1 <<= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of right shifting *o1* by *o2* on success, or ``NULL`` on" +" failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 >>= o2``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o1* 右移 *o2* 个比特后的结果，如果失败，返回 ``NULL``。当 *o1* 支持时，这个运算直接使用它储存结果。 等价于 " +"Python 语句 ``o1 >>= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Returns the \"bitwise and\" of *o1* and *o2* on success and ``NULL`` on " +"failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 &= o2``." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 *o1* 和 *o2* \"按位与\" 的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 在 *o1* 支持的前提下该操作将 *原地* 执行。 等价与" +" Python 语句 ``o1 &= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Returns the \"bitwise exclusive or\" of *o1* by *o2* on success, or ``NULL``" +" on failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This " +"is the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 ^= o2``." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 *o1* 和 *o2* \"按位异或的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 在 *o1* 支持的前提下该操作将 *原地* 执行。 等价与 " +"Python 语句 ``o1 ^= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Returns the \"bitwise or\" of *o1* and *o2* on success, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python statement ``o1 |= o2``." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 *o1* 和 *o2* \"按位或\" 的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 在 *o1* 支持的前提下该操作将 *原地* 执行。 等价于" +" Python 语句 ``o1 |= o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Returns the *o* converted to an integer object on success, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``int(o)``." +msgstr "成功时返回 *o* 转换为整数对象后的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 等价于 Python 表达式 ``int(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Returns the *o* converted to a float object on success, or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``float(o)``." +msgstr "成功时返回 *o* 转换为浮点对象后的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 等价于 Python 表达式 ``float(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:257 +msgid "" +"Returns the *o* converted to a Python int on success or ``NULL`` with a " +":exc:`TypeError` exception raised on failure." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 *o* 转换为 Python int 类型后的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:260 +msgid "" +"The result always has exact type :class:`int`. Previously, the result could" +" have been an instance of a subclass of ``int``." +msgstr "结果总是为 :class:`int` 类型。 在之前版本中，结果可能为 ``int`` 的子类的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Returns the integer *n* converted to base *base* as a string. The *base* " +"argument must be one of 2, 8, 10, or 16. For base 2, 8, or 16, the returned" +" string is prefixed with a base marker of ``'0b'``, ``'0o'``, or ``'0x'``, " +"respectively. If *n* is not a Python int, it is converted with " +":c:func:`PyNumber_Index` first." +msgstr "" +"返回整数 *n* 转换成以 *base* 为基数的字符串后的结果。这个 *base* 参数必须是 2，8，10 或者 16 。对于基数 2，8，或 16" +" ，返回的字符串将分别加上基数标识 ``'0b'``, ``'0o'``, or ``'0x'``。如果 *n* 不是 Python 中的整数 " +"*int* 类型，就先通过 :c:func:`PyNumber_Index` 将它转换成整数类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Returns *o* converted to a :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` value if *o* can be " +"interpreted as an integer. If the call fails, an exception is raised and " +"``-1`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 可以被解读为一个整数则返回 *o* 转换成的 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 值。 如果调用失败，则会引发一个异常并返回 " +"``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:279 +msgid "" +"If *o* can be converted to a Python int but the attempt to convert to a " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` value would raise an :exc:`OverflowError`, then the " +"*exc* argument is the type of exception that will be raised (usually " +":exc:`IndexError` or :exc:`OverflowError`). If *exc* is ``NULL``, then the " +"exception is cleared and the value is clipped to ``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN`` for a " +"negative integer or ``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` for a positive integer." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 可以被转换为 Python 的 int 值但尝试转换为 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 值则会引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`，则 *exc* 参数将为所引发的异常类型 (通常为 :exc:`IndexError` 或 " +":exc:`OverflowError`)。 如果 *exc* 为 ``NULL``，则异常会被清除并且值会在为负整数时被裁剪为 " +"``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN`` 而在为正整数时被裁剪为 ``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX``。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:289 +msgid "" +"Returns ``1`` if *o* is an index integer (has the ``nb_index`` slot of the " +"``tp_as_number`` structure filled in), and ``0`` otherwise. This function " +"always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"返回 ``1`` 如果 *o* 是一个索引整数（将 ``nb_index`` 槽位填充到 ``tp_as_number`` " +"结构体），或者在其他情况下返回 ``0``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:67 ../../c-api/number.rst:75 +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:97 ../../c-api/number.rst:195 +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:241 ../../c-api/number.rst:249 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:67 +msgid "divmod" +msgstr "divmod" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:75 ../../c-api/number.rst:195 +msgid "pow" +msgstr "pow" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:97 +msgid "abs" +msgstr "abs" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:241 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../c-api/number.rst:249 +msgid "float" +msgstr "float" diff --git a/c-api/objbuffer.po b/c-api/objbuffer.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03c53955c --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/objbuffer.po @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-07-29 13:25+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:4 +msgid "Old Buffer Protocol" +msgstr "旧缓冲协议" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:8 +msgid "" +"These functions were part of the \"old buffer protocol\" API in Python 2. In" +" Python 3, this protocol doesn't exist anymore but the functions are still " +"exposed to ease porting 2.x code. They act as a compatibility wrapper " +"around the :ref:`new buffer protocol `, but they don't give " +"you control over the lifetime of the resources acquired when a buffer is " +"exported." +msgstr "" +"这些函数是 Python 2 中“旧缓冲协议”API 的组成部分。 在 Python 3 中，此协议已不复存在，但这些函数仍然被公开以便移植 2.x " +"的代码。 它们被用作 :ref:`新缓冲协议 ` " +"的兼容性包装器，但它们并不会在缓冲被导出时向你提供对所获资源的生命周期控制。" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Therefore, it is recommended that you call :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` (or " +"the ``y*`` or ``w*`` :ref:`format codes ` with the " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` family of functions) to get a buffer view over an" +" object, and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` when the buffer view can be " +"released." +msgstr "" +"因此，推荐你调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` (或者配合 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 函数族使用" +" ``y*`` 或 ``w*`` :ref:`格式码 `) 来获取一个对象的缓冲视图，并在缓冲视图可被释放时调用 " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`。" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Returns a pointer to a read-only memory location usable as character-based " +"input. The *obj* argument must support the single-segment character buffer " +"interface. On success, returns ``0``, sets *buffer* to the memory location " +"and *buffer_len* to the buffer length. Returns ``-1`` and sets a " +":exc:`TypeError` on error." +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向可用作基于字符的输入的只读内存地址的指针。 *obj* 参数必须支持单段字符缓冲接口。 成功时返回 ``0``，将 *buffer* " +"设为内存地址并将 *buffer_len* 设为缓冲区长度。 出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Returns a pointer to a read-only memory location containing arbitrary data. " +"The *obj* argument must support the single-segment readable buffer " +"interface. On success, returns ``0``, sets *buffer* to the memory location " +"and *buffer_len* to the buffer length. Returns ``-1`` and sets a " +":exc:`TypeError` on error." +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向包含任意数据的只读内存地址的指针。 *obj* 参数必须支持单段可读缓冲接口。 成功时返回 ``0``，将 *buffer* " +"设为内存地址并将 *buffer_len* 设为缓冲区长度。 出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Returns ``1`` if *o* supports the single-segment readable buffer interface. " +"Otherwise returns ``0``. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *o* 支持单段可读缓冲接口则返回 ``1``。 否则返回 ``0``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Note that this function tries to get and release a buffer, and exceptions " +"which occur while calling corresponding functions will get suppressed. To " +"get error reporting use :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer()` instead." +msgstr "" +"请注意此函数会尝试获取并释放一个缓冲区，并且在调用对应函数期间发生的异常会被屏蔽。 要获取错误报告则应改用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer()`。" + +#: ../../c-api/objbuffer.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Returns a pointer to a writable memory location. The *obj* argument must " +"support the single-segment, character buffer interface. On success, returns" +" ``0``, sets *buffer* to the memory location and *buffer_len* to the buffer " +"length. Returns ``-1`` and sets a :exc:`TypeError` on error." +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向可写内存地址的指针。 *obj* 必须支持单段字符缓冲接口。 成功时返回 ``0``，将 *buffer* 设为内存地址并将 " +"*buffer_len* 设为缓冲区长度。 出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个 :exc:`TypeError`。" diff --git a/c-api/object.po b/c-api/object.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1973ee412 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/object.po @@ -0,0 +1,893 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2024 +# 钢 彭 , 2024 +# Zombie110year , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# 稀饭~~ , 2024 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-10 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:6 +msgid "Object Protocol" +msgstr "对象协议" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:11 +msgid "Get a :term:`strong reference` to a constant." +msgstr "获取一个指向常量的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:13 +msgid "Set an exception and return ``NULL`` if *constant_id* is invalid." +msgstr "如果 *constant_id* 无效则设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:15 +msgid "*constant_id* must be one of these constant identifiers:" +msgstr "*constant_id* 必须是下列常量标识符之一：" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:20 +msgid "Constant Identifier" +msgstr "常量标识符" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:20 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:20 +msgid "Returned object" +msgstr "返回的对象" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:22 ../../c-api/object.rst:27 +msgid "``0``" +msgstr "``0``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:22 +msgid ":py:data:`None`" +msgstr ":py:data:`None`" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:23 ../../c-api/object.rst:28 +msgid "``1``" +msgstr "``1``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:23 +msgid ":py:data:`False`" +msgstr ":py:data:`False`" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:24 +msgid "``2``" +msgstr "``2``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:24 +msgid ":py:data:`True`" +msgstr ":py:data:`True`" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:25 +msgid "``3``" +msgstr "``3``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:25 +msgid ":py:data:`Ellipsis`" +msgstr ":py:data:`Ellipsis`" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:26 +msgid "``4``" +msgstr "``4``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:26 +msgid ":py:data:`NotImplemented`" +msgstr ":py:data:`NotImplemented`" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:27 +msgid "``5``" +msgstr "``5``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:28 +msgid "``6``" +msgstr "``6``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:29 +msgid "``7``" +msgstr "``7``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:29 +msgid "``''``" +msgstr "``''``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:30 +msgid "``8``" +msgstr "``8``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:30 +msgid "``b''``" +msgstr "``b''``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:31 +msgid "``9``" +msgstr "``9``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:31 +msgid "``()``" +msgstr "``()``" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Numeric values are only given for projects which cannot use the constant " +"identifiers." +msgstr "仅对无法使用常量标识符的项目才会给出数字值。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:42 +msgid "In CPython, all of these constants are :term:`immortal`." +msgstr "在 CPython 中，所有这些常量都属于 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`Py_GetConstant`, but return a :term:`borrowed " +"reference`." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`Py_GetConstant`，但会返回一个 :term:`borrowed reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:50 +msgid "" +"This function is primarily intended for backwards compatibility: using " +":c:func:`Py_GetConstant` is recommended for new code." +msgstr "此函数的主要目的是用于向下兼容：对于新代码推荐使用 :c:func:`Py_GetConstant`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The reference is borrowed from the interpreter, and is valid until the " +"interpreter finalization." +msgstr "该引用是从解释器借入的，并将保持可用直到解释器最终化。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:61 +msgid "" +"The ``NotImplemented`` singleton, used to signal that an operation is not " +"implemented for the given type combination." +msgstr "``NotImplemented`` 单例，用于标记某个操作没有针对给定类型组合的实现。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Properly handle returning :c:data:`Py_NotImplemented` from within a C " +"function (that is, create a new :term:`strong reference` to " +":const:`NotImplemented` and return it)." +msgstr "" +"正确处理从 C 函数内部返回 :c:data:`Py_NotImplemented` 的问题（即新建一个指向 " +":const:`NotImplemented` 的 :term:`strong reference` 并返回它）。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Flag to be used with multiple functions that print the object (like " +":c:func:`PyObject_Print` and :c:func:`PyFile_WriteObject`). If passed, these" +" function would use the :func:`str` of the object instead of the " +":func:`repr`." +msgstr "" +"要与多个打印对象的函数 (如 :c:func:`PyObject_Print` 和 :c:func:`PyFile_WriteObject`) " +"一起使用的旗标。 如果传入，这些函数应当使用对象的 :func:`str` 而不是 :func:`repr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Print an object *o*, on file *fp*. Returns ``-1`` on error. The flags " +"argument is used to enable certain printing options. The only option " +"currently supported is :c:macro:`Py_PRINT_RAW`; if given, the :func:`str` of" +" the object is written instead of the :func:`repr`." +msgstr "" +"打印对象 *o* 到文件 *fp*。 出错时返回 ``-1``。 flags 参数被用于启用特定的打印选项。 目前唯一支持的选项是 " +":c:macro:`Py_PRINT_RAW`；如果给出该选项，则将写入对象的 :func:`str` 而不是 :func:`repr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Returns ``1`` if *o* has the attribute *attr_name*, and ``0`` otherwise. " +"This is equivalent to the Python expression ``hasattr(o, attr_name)``. On " +"failure, return ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o* 具有属性 *attr_name* 则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 ``hasattr(o, " +"attr_name)``。 当失败时，将返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:99 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError`, but *attr_name* is " +"specified as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than" +" a :c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError` 相同，但 *attr_name* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const " +"char*` UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Returns ``1`` if *o* has the attribute *attr_name*, and ``0`` otherwise. " +"This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *o* 具有属性 *attr_name* 则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Exceptions that occur when this calls :meth:`~object.__getattr__` and " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` methods aren't propagated, but instead " +"given to :func:`sys.unraisablehook`. For proper error handling, use " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError`, :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` or " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` instead." +msgstr "" +"当其调用 :meth:`~object.__getattr__` 和 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` " +"方法时发生的异常将不会被传播，而是交给 :func:`sys.unraisablehook`。 想要进行适当的错误处理，请改用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError`, :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` 或 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:122 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`, but *attr_name* is specified" +" as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr` 相同，但 *attr_name* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` " +"UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Exceptions that occur when this calls :meth:`~object.__getattr__` and " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` methods or while creating the temporary " +":class:`str` object are silently ignored. For proper error handling, use " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrStringWithError`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString` or :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`" +" instead." +msgstr "" +"在其调用 :meth:`~object.__getattr__` 和 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 方法或创建临时 " +":class:`str` 对象期间发生的异常将被静默地忽略。 想要进行适当的错误处理，请改用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrStringWithError`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Retrieve an attribute named *attr_name* from object *o*. Returns the " +"attribute value on success, or ``NULL`` on failure. This is the equivalent " +"of the Python expression ``o.attr_name``." +msgstr "" +"从对象 *o* 中读取名为 *attr_name* 的属性。成功返回属性值，失败则返回 ``NULL``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 " +"``o.attr_name``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:142 +msgid "" +"If the missing attribute should not be treated as a failure, you can use " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` instead." +msgstr "如果缺少属性不应被视为执行失败，你可以改用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:148 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr`, but *attr_name* is specified" +" as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` 相同，但 *attr_name* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` " +"UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:152 +msgid "" +"If the missing attribute should not be treated as a failure, you can use " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString` instead." +msgstr "如果缺少属性不应被视为执行失败，你可以改用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Variant of :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` which doesn't raise " +":exc:`AttributeError` if the attribute is not found." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` 的变化形式，它在未找到键时不会引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:161 +msgid "" +"If the attribute is found, return ``1`` and set *\\*result* to a new " +":term:`strong reference` to the attribute. If the attribute is not found, " +"return ``0`` and set *\\*result* to ``NULL``; the :exc:`AttributeError` is " +"silenced. If an error other than :exc:`AttributeError` is raised, return " +"``-1`` and set *\\*result* to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果找到该属性，则返回 ``1`` 并将 *\\*result* 设为指向该属性的新 :term:`strong reference`。 " +"如果未找到该属性，则返回 ``0`` 并将 *\\*result* 设为 ``NULL``；:exc:`AttributeError` 会被静默。 " +"如果引发了 :exc:`AttributeError` 以外的错误，则返回 ``-1`` 并将 *\\*result* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:173 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr`, but *attr_name* is " +"specified as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than" +" a :c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` 相同，但 *attr_name* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const " +"char*` UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Generic attribute getter function that is meant to be put into a type " +"object's ``tp_getattro`` slot. It looks for a descriptor in the dictionary " +"of classes in the object's MRO as well as an attribute in the object's " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` (if present). As outlined in :ref:`descriptors`, " +"data descriptors take preference over instance attributes, while non-data " +"descriptors don't. Otherwise, an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"通用的属性获取函数，用于放入类型对象的 ``tp_getattro`` 槽中。它在类的字典中（位于对象的 MRO 中）查找某个描述符，并在对象的 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 中查找某个属性。正如 :ref:`descriptors` " +"所述，数据描述符优先于实例属性，而非数据描述符则不优先。失败则会触发 :exc:`AttributeError` 。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Set the value of the attribute named *attr_name*, for object *o*, to the " +"value *v*. Raise an exception and return ``-1`` on failure; return ``0`` on " +"success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement ``o.attr_name = " +"v``." +msgstr "" +"将对象 *o* 中名为 *attr_name* 的属性值设为 *v* 。失败时引发异常并返回 ``-1``；成功时返 回 ``0`` 。这相当于 " +"Python 语句 ``o.attr_name = v``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:196 +msgid "" +"If *v* is ``NULL``, the attribute is deleted. This behaviour is deprecated " +"in favour of using :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr`, but there are currently no " +"plans to remove it." +msgstr "" +"如果 *v* 为 ``NULL``，该属性将被删除。 此行为已被弃用而应改用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr`，但目前还没有移除它的计划。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:203 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr`, but *attr_name* is specified" +" as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr` 相同，但 *attr_name* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` " +"UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:207 +msgid "" +"If *v* is ``NULL``, the attribute is deleted, but this feature is deprecated" +" in favour of using :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttrString`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *v* 为 ``NULL``，该属性将被删除，但是此功能已被弃用而应改用 :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttrString`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:210 +msgid "" +"The number of different attribute names passed to this function should be " +"kept small, usually by using a statically allocated string as *attr_name*. " +"For attribute names that aren't known at compile time, prefer calling " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr` directly. For " +"more details, see :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, which may be used " +"internally to create a key object." +msgstr "" +"传给该函数的不同属性名称应当保持在较少的数量，通常是通过使用静态分配的字符串作为 *attr_name* 来做到这一点。 " +"对于编译时未知的属性名称，建议直接调用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr`。 更多相关细节，请参阅 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`，它可在内部用于创建键对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Generic attribute setter and deleter function that is meant to be put into a" +" type object's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` slot. It looks for a " +"data descriptor in the dictionary of classes in the object's MRO, and if " +"found it takes preference over setting or deleting the attribute in the " +"instance dictionary. Otherwise, the attribute is set or deleted in the " +"object's :attr:`~object.__dict__` (if present). On success, ``0`` is " +"returned, otherwise an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised and ``-1`` is " +"returned." +msgstr "" +"通用的属性设置和删除函数，用于放入类型对象的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` " +"槽。它在类的字典中（位于对象的MRO中）查找数据描述器，如果找到，则将比在实例字典中设置或删除属性优先执行。否则，该属性将在对象的 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 中设置或删除。如果成功将返回 ``0``，否则将引发 :exc:`AttributeError` " +"并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Delete attribute named *attr_name*, for object *o*. Returns ``-1`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement ``del o.attr_name``." +msgstr "" +"删除对象 *o* 中名为 *attr_name* 的属性。失败时返回 ``-1``。这相当于 Python 语句 ``del " +"o.attr_name``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:238 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr`, but *attr_name* is specified" +" as a :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr` 相同，但 *attr_name* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` " +"UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:242 +msgid "" +"The number of different attribute names passed to this function should be " +"kept small, usually by using a statically allocated string as *attr_name*. " +"For attribute names that aren't known at compile time, prefer calling " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr` directly. For " +"more details, see :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, which may be used " +"internally to create a key object for lookup." +msgstr "" +"传给该函数的不同属性名称应当保持在较少的数量，通过是通过使用静态分配的字符串作为 *attr_name* 来做到这一点。 " +"对于编译时未知的属性名称，建议直接调用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr`。 更多相关细节，请参阅 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`，它可在内部用于创建供查找的键对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:253 +msgid "" +"A generic implementation for the getter of a ``__dict__`` descriptor. It " +"creates the dictionary if necessary." +msgstr "``__dict__`` 描述符的获取函数的一种通用实现。必要时会创建该字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:256 +msgid "" +"This function may also be called to get the :py:attr:`~object.__dict__` of " +"the object *o*. Pass ``NULL`` for *context* when calling it. Since this " +"function may need to allocate memory for the dictionary, it may be more " +"efficient to call :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` when accessing an attribute on " +"the object." +msgstr "" +"此函数还可能会被调用以获取对象 *o* 的 :py:attr:`~object.__dict__`。 当调用它时可传入 ``NULL`` 作为 " +"*context*。 由于此函数可能需要为字典分配内存，所以在访问对象上的属性时调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` " +"可能会更为高效。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:262 +msgid "On failure, returns ``NULL`` with an exception set." +msgstr "当失败时，将返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:269 +msgid "" +"A generic implementation for the setter of a ``__dict__`` descriptor. This " +"implementation does not allow the dictionary to be deleted." +msgstr "``__dict__`` 描述符设置函数的一种通用实现。这里不允许删除该字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to :py:attr:`~object.__dict__` of the object *obj*. If " +"there is no ``__dict__``, return ``NULL`` without setting an exception." +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向对象 *obj* 的 :py:attr:`~object.__dict__` 的指针。 如果不存在 ``__dict__``，则返回 " +"``NULL`` 并且不设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:280 +msgid "" +"This function may need to allocate memory for the dictionary, so it may be " +"more efficient to call :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` when accessing an " +"attribute on the object." +msgstr "此函数可能需要为字典分配内存，所以在访问对象上的属性时调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` 可能会更为高效。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:287 +msgid "" +"Compare the values of *o1* and *o2* using the operation specified by *opid*," +" which must be one of :c:macro:`Py_LT`, :c:macro:`Py_LE`, :c:macro:`Py_EQ`, " +":c:macro:`Py_NE`, :c:macro:`Py_GT`, or :c:macro:`Py_GE`, corresponding to " +"``<``, ``<=``, ``==``, ``!=``, ``>``, or ``>=`` respectively. This is the " +"equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 op o2``, where ``op`` is the " +"operator corresponding to *opid*. Returns the value of the comparison on " +"success, or ``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"使用由 *opid* 指定的操作来比较 *o1* 和 *o2* 的值，操作必须为 :c:macro:`Py_LT`, :c:macro:`Py_LE`," +" :c:macro:`Py_EQ`, :c:macro:`Py_NE`, :c:macro:`Py_GT` 或 :c:macro:`Py_GE` " +"中的一个，分别对应于 ``<``, ``<=``, ``==``, ``!=``, ``>`` 或 ``>=``。 这等价于 Python 表达式 " +"``o1 op o2``，其中 ``op`` 是与 *opid* 对应的运算符。 成功时返回比较结果值，失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Compare the values of *o1* and *o2* using the operation specified by *opid*," +" like :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare`, but returns ``-1`` on error, ``0`` if " +"the result is false, ``1`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"使用 *opid* 所指定的操作，例如 :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare` 来比较 *o1* 和 *o2* " +"的值，但在出错时返回 ``-1``，在结果为假值时返回 ``0``，在其他情况下返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:302 +msgid "" +"If *o1* and *o2* are the same object, :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool` " +"will always return ``1`` for :c:macro:`Py_EQ` and ``0`` for " +":c:macro:`Py_NE`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *o1* 和 *o2* 是同一个对象，:c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool` 将总是为 " +":c:macro:`Py_EQ` 返回 ``1`` 并为 :c:macro:`Py_NE` 返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Format *obj* using *format_spec*. This is equivalent to the Python " +"expression ``format(obj, format_spec)``." +msgstr "" +"格式 *obj* 使用 *format_spec*。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``format(obj, format_spec)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:310 +msgid "" +"*format_spec* may be ``NULL``. In this case the call is equivalent to " +"``format(obj)``. Returns the formatted string on success, ``NULL`` on " +"failure." +msgstr "" +"*format_spec* 可以为 ``NULL``。 在此情况下调用将等价于 ``format(obj)``。 成功时返回已格式化的字符串，失败时返回" +" ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Compute a string representation of object *o*. Returns the string " +"representation on success, ``NULL`` on failure. This is the equivalent of " +"the Python expression ``repr(o)``. Called by the :func:`repr` built-in " +"function." +msgstr "" +"计算对象 *o* 的字符串形式。 成功时返回字符串，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 ``repr(o)``。 由内置函数" +" :func:`repr` 调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:322 ../../c-api/object.rst:346 +msgid "" +"This function now includes a debug assertion to help ensure that it does not" +" silently discard an active exception." +msgstr "该函数现在包含一个调试断言，用以确保不会静默地丢弃活动的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:330 +msgid "" +"As :c:func:`PyObject_Repr`, compute a string representation of object *o*, " +"but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string returned by " +":c:func:`PyObject_Repr` with ``\\x``, ``\\u`` or ``\\U`` escapes. This " +"generates a string similar to that returned by :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` in " +"Python 2. Called by the :func:`ascii` built-in function." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` 一样，计算对象 *o* 的字符串形式，但在 :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` " +"返回的字符串中用 ``\\x``、``\\u`` 或 ``\\U`` 转义非 ASCII 字符。这将生成一个类似于 Python 2 中由 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Repr` 返回的字符串。由内置函数 :func:`ascii` 调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Compute a string representation of object *o*. Returns the string " +"representation on success, ``NULL`` on failure. This is the equivalent of " +"the Python expression ``str(o)``. Called by the :func:`str` built-in " +"function and, therefore, by the :func:`print` function." +msgstr "" +"计算对象 *o* 的字符串形式。 成功时返回字符串，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 ``str(o)``。由内置函数 " +":func:`str` 调用，因此也由 :func:`print` 函数调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:355 +msgid "" +"Compute a bytes representation of object *o*. ``NULL`` is returned on " +"failure and a bytes object on success. This is equivalent to the Python " +"expression ``bytes(o)``, when *o* is not an integer. Unlike ``bytes(o)``, a" +" TypeError is raised when *o* is an integer instead of a zero-initialized " +"bytes object." +msgstr "" +"计算对象 *o* 的字节形式。失败时返回 ``NULL``，成功时返回一个字节串对象。这相当于 *o* 不是整数时的 Python 表达式 " +"``bytes(o)`` 。与 ``bytes(o)`` 不同的是，当 *o* 是整数而不是初始为 0 的字节串对象时，会触发 TypeError。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the class *derived* is identical to or derived from the " +"class *cls*, otherwise return ``0``. In case of an error, return ``-1``." +msgstr "如果 *derived* 类与 *cls* 类相同或为其派生类，则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 如果出错则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:367 ../../c-api/object.rst:386 +msgid "" +"If *cls* is a tuple, the check will be done against every entry in *cls*. " +"The result will be ``1`` when at least one of the checks returns ``1``, " +"otherwise it will be ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cls* 是元组，则会对 *cls* 进行逐项检测。如果至少有一次检测返回 ``1``，结果将为 ``1``，否则将是 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:371 +msgid "" +"If *cls* has a :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` method, it will be called to " +"determine the subclass status as described in :pep:`3119`. Otherwise, " +"*derived* is a subclass of *cls* if it is a direct or indirect subclass, " +"i.e. contained in :attr:`cls.__mro__ `." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cls* 具有 :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` 方法，它将被调用以确定 :pep:`3119` " +"所描述的子类状态。 在其他情况下，如果 *derived* 是一个直接或间接子类即包含在 :attr:`cls.__mro__ " +"` 中则它就是 *cls* 的子类。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Normally only class objects, i.e. instances of :class:`type` or a derived " +"class, are considered classes. However, objects can override this by having" +" a :attr:`~type.__bases__` attribute (which must be a tuple of base " +"classes)." +msgstr "" +"通常只有类对象，即 :class:`type` 或其派生类的实例才会被视为类。 但是，对象可以通过设置 :attr:`~type.__bases__` " +"属性（它必须是由基类组成的元组）来覆盖此定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if *inst* is an instance of the class *cls* or a subclass of " +"*cls*, or ``0`` if not. On error, returns ``-1`` and sets an exception." +msgstr "" +"如果 *inst* 是 *cls* 类或其子类的实例，则返回 ``1``，如果不是则返回 ``0``。 如果出错则返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:390 +msgid "" +"If *cls* has a :meth:`~type.__instancecheck__` method, it will be called to " +"determine the subclass status as described in :pep:`3119`. Otherwise, " +"*inst* is an instance of *cls* if its class is a subclass of *cls*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cls* 具有 :meth:`~type.__instancecheck__` 方法，它将被调用以确定 :pep:`3119` " +"所描述的子类状态。 在其他情况下，如果 *inst* 的类是 *cls* 的子类则它就是 *cls* 的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:394 +msgid "" +"An instance *inst* can override what is considered its class by having a " +":attr:`~object.__class__` attribute." +msgstr "实例 *inst* 可以通过设置 :attr:`~object.__class__` 属性来覆盖它是否会被视为类。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:397 +msgid "" +"An object *cls* can override if it is considered a class, and what its base " +"classes are, by having a :attr:`~type.__bases__` attribute (which must be a " +"tuple of base classes)." +msgstr "" +"对象 *cls* 可以通过设置 :attr:`~type.__bases__` 属性（它必须是由基类组成的元组）来覆盖它是否会被视为类，及其有哪些基类。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Compute and return the hash value of an object *o*. On failure, return " +"``-1``. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``hash(o)``." +msgstr "计算并返回对象的哈希值 *o*。 失败时返回 ``-1``。这相当于 Python 表达式 ``hash(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:409 +msgid "" +"The return type is now Py_hash_t. This is a signed integer the same size as" +" :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "现在的返回类型是 Py_hash_t。 这是一个大小与 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 相同的有符号整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Set a :exc:`TypeError` indicating that ``type(o)`` is not :term:`hashable` " +"and return ``-1``. This function receives special treatment when stored in a" +" ``tp_hash`` slot, allowing a type to explicitly indicate to the interpreter" +" that it is not hashable." +msgstr "" +"设置一个 :exc:`TypeError` 来指明 ``type(o)`` 不是 :term:`hashable` 并返回 ``-1``。 " +"此函数在存储于 ``tp_hash`` 槽位内时会获得特别对待，允许某个类型显式地向解释器指明它是不可哈希对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:424 +msgid "" +"Returns ``1`` if the object *o* is considered to be true, and ``0`` " +"otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression ``not not o``. On " +"failure, return ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"如果对象 *o* 被认为是 true，则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。这相当于 Python 表达式 ``not not o``。 失败则返回" +" ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:431 +msgid "" +"Returns ``0`` if the object *o* is considered to be true, and ``1`` " +"otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression ``not o``. On " +"failure, return ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"如果对象 *o* 被认为是 true，则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。这相当于 Python 表达式 ``not not o``。 失败则返回" +" ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:440 +msgid "" +"When *o* is non-``NULL``, returns a type object corresponding to the object " +"type of object *o*. On failure, raises :exc:`SystemError` and returns " +"``NULL``. This is equivalent to the Python expression ``type(o)``. This " +"function creates a new :term:`strong reference` to the return value. There's" +" really no reason to use this function instead of the :c:func:`Py_TYPE()` " +"function, which returns a pointer of type :c:expr:`PyTypeObject*`, except " +"when a new :term:`strong reference` is needed." +msgstr "" +"当 *o* 不为 ``NULL`` 时，返回一个与对象 *o* 的类型相对应的类型对象。 当失败时，将引发 :exc:`SystemError` 并返回" +" ``NULL``。 这等同于 Python 表达式 ``type(o)``。 该函数会新建一个指向返回值的 :term:`strong " +"reference`。 实际上没有多少理由使用此函数来替代 :c:func:`Py_TYPE()` 函数，后者将返回一个 " +":c:expr:`PyTypeObject*` 类型的指针，除非是需要一个新的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:452 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the object *o* is of type *type* or a subtype of *type*, " +"and ``0`` otherwise. Both parameters must be non-``NULL``." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 是 *type* 类型或其子类型，则返回非零，否则返回 ``0``。两个参数都必须非 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:461 +msgid "" +"Return the length of object *o*. If the object *o* provides either the " +"sequence and mapping protocols, the sequence length is returned. On error, " +"``-1`` is returned. This is the equivalent to the Python expression " +"``len(o)``." +msgstr "" +"返回对象 *o* 的长度。 如果对象 *o* 支持序列和映射协议，则返回序列长度。 出错时返回 ``-1``。这等同于 Python 表达式 " +"``len(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:468 +msgid "" +"Return an estimated length for the object *o*. First try to return its " +"actual length, then an estimate using :meth:`~object.__length_hint__`, and " +"finally return the default value. On error return ``-1``. This is the " +"equivalent to the Python expression ``operator.length_hint(o, " +"defaultvalue)``." +msgstr "" +"返回对象 *o* 的估计长度。首先尝试返回实际长度，然后用 :meth:`~object.__length_hint__` " +"进行估计，最后返回默认值。出错时返回 ``-1``。这等同于 Python 表达式 ``operator.length_hint(o, " +"defaultvalue)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Return element of *o* corresponding to the object *key* or ``NULL`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o[key]``." +msgstr "返回对象 *key* 对应的 *o* 元素，或在失败时返回 ``NULL``。这等同于 Python 表达式 ``o[key]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:484 +msgid "" +"Map the object *key* to the value *v*. Raise an exception and return ``-1``" +" on failure; return ``0`` on success. This is the equivalent of the Python " +"statement ``o[key] = v``. This function *does not* steal a reference to " +"*v*." +msgstr "" +"将对象 *key* 映射到值 *v*。 失败时引发异常并返回 ``-1``；成功时返回 ``0``。 这相当于 Python 语句 ``o[key] =" +" v``。该函数 *不会* 偷取 *v* 的引用计数。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Remove the mapping for the object *key* from the object *o*. Return ``-1`` " +"on failure. This is equivalent to the Python statement ``del o[key]``." +msgstr "从对象 *o* 中移除对象 *key* 的映射。失败时返回 ``-1``。 这相当于 Python 语句 ``del o[key]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:498 +msgid "" +"This is the same as :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`, but *key* is specified as a " +":c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`." +msgstr "" +"这与 :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem` 相同，但 *key* 被指定为 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:505 +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to the Python expression ``dir(o)``, returning a " +"(possibly empty) list of strings appropriate for the object argument, or " +"``NULL`` if there was an error. If the argument is ``NULL``, this is like " +"the Python ``dir()``, returning the names of the current locals; in this " +"case, if no execution frame is active then ``NULL`` is returned but " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` will return false." +msgstr "" +"相当于 Python 表达式 ``dir(o)``，返回一个（可能为空）适合对象参数的字符串列表，如果出错则返回 ``NULL``。 如果参数为 " +"``NULL``，类似 Python 的 ``dir()``，则返回当前 locals 的名字；这时如果没有活动的执行框架，则返回 ``NULL``，但" +" :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 将返回 false。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:514 +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to the Python expression ``iter(o)``. It returns a new " +"iterator for the object argument, or the object itself if the object is " +"already an iterator. Raises :exc:`TypeError` and returns ``NULL`` if the " +"object cannot be iterated." +msgstr "" +"等同于 Python 表达式 " +"``iter(o)``。为对象参数返回一个新的迭代器，如果该对象已经是一个迭代器，则返回对象本身。如果对象不能被迭代，会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError` ，并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:522 +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to the Python ``__iter__(self): return self`` method. It " +"is intended for :term:`iterator` types, to be used in the " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_iter` slot." +msgstr "" +"这等价于 Python ``__iter__(self): return self`` 方法。 它是针对 :term:`iterator` " +"类型设计的，将在 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_iter` 槽位中使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:528 +msgid "" +"This is the equivalent to the Python expression ``aiter(o)``. Takes an " +":class:`AsyncIterable` object and returns an :class:`AsyncIterator` for it. " +"This is typically a new iterator but if the argument is an " +":class:`AsyncIterator`, this returns itself. Raises :exc:`TypeError` and " +"returns ``NULL`` if the object cannot be iterated." +msgstr "" +"等同于 Python 表达式 ``aiter(o)``。接受一个 :class:`AsyncIterable` 对象，并为其返回一个 " +":class:`AsyncIterator`。通常返回的是一个新迭代器，但如果参数是一个 " +":class:`AsyncIterator`，将返回其自身。如果该对象不能被迭代，会引发 :exc:`TypeError`，并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:538 +msgid "Get a pointer to subclass-specific data reserved for *cls*." +msgstr "获取一个指向为 *cls* 保留的子类专属数据的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:540 +msgid "" +"The object *o* must be an instance of *cls*, and *cls* must have been " +"created using negative :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize`. Python does not " +"check this." +msgstr "" +"对象 *o* 必须为 *cls* 的实例，而 *cls* 必须使用负的 :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` 来创建。 " +"Python 不会检查这一点。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:544 +msgid "On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "发生错误时，将设置异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Return the size of the instance memory space reserved for *cls*, i.e. the " +"size of the memory :c:func:`PyObject_GetTypeData` returns." +msgstr "返回为 *cls* 保留的实例内存空间大小，即 :c:func:`PyObject_GetTypeData` 所返回的内存大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:553 +msgid "" +"This may be larger than requested using :c:member:`-PyType_Spec.basicsize " +"`; it is safe to use this larger size (e.g. with " +":c:func:`!memset`)." +msgstr "" +"这可能会大于使用 :c:member:`-PyType_Spec.basicsize ` " +"请求到的大小；可以安全地使用这个更大的值 (例如通过 :c:func:`!memset`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:556 +msgid "" +"The type *cls* **must** have been created using negative " +":c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize`. Python does not check this." +msgstr "" +"类型 *cls* **必须** 使用负的 :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` 来创建。 Python 不会检查这一点。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:560 +msgid "On error, set an exception and return a negative value." +msgstr "当失败时，将设置异常并返回一个负值。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:566 +msgid "" +"Get a pointer to per-item data for a class with " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END`." +msgstr "使用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` 获取一个指向类的单独条目数据的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:569 +msgid "" +"On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``. :py:exc:`TypeError` is " +"raised if *o* does not have :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` set." +msgstr "" +"出错时，将设置异常并返回 ``NULL``。 如果 *o* 没有设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` 则会引发 " +":py:exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:577 +msgid "Visit the managed dictionary of *obj*." +msgstr "访问被管理的 *obj* 的字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:579 ../../c-api/object.rst:588 +msgid "" +"This function must only be called in a traverse function of the type which " +"has the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` flag set." +msgstr "此函数必须只在设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 旗标的类型的遍历函数中被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:586 +msgid "Clear the managed dictionary of *obj*." +msgstr "清空被管理的 *obj* 的字典。." + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:316 ../../c-api/object.rst:328 +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:353 ../../c-api/object.rst:404 +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:438 ../../c-api/object.rst:459 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:316 +msgid "repr" +msgstr "repr" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:328 +msgid "ascii" +msgstr "ascii" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:336 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:336 +msgid "PyObject_Str (C function)" +msgstr "PyObject_Str (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:353 +msgid "bytes" +msgstr "字节串" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:404 +msgid "hash" +msgstr "hash" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:438 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" + +#: ../../c-api/object.rst:459 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" diff --git a/c-api/objimpl.po b/c-api/objimpl.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..194d9b6d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/objimpl.po @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/objimpl.rst:7 +msgid "Object Implementation Support" +msgstr "对象实现支持" + +#: ../../c-api/objimpl.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This chapter describes the functions, types, and macros used when defining " +"new object types." +msgstr "本章描述了定义新对象类型时所使用的函数、类型和宏。" diff --git a/c-api/perfmaps.po b/c-api/perfmaps.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f633a7c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/perfmaps.po @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-24 13:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:6 +msgid "Support for Perf Maps" +msgstr "对 Perf Maps 的支持" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:8 +msgid "" +"On supported platforms (as of this writing, only Linux), the runtime can " +"take advantage of *perf map files* to make Python functions visible to an " +"external profiling tool (such as `perf " +"`_). A running process may" +" create a file in the ``/tmp`` directory, which contains entries that can " +"map a section of executable code to a name. This interface is described in " +"the `documentation of the Linux Perf tool " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"在受支持的平台上（在撰写本文档时，只有 Linux），运行时可以利用 *perf map 文件* 来使得 Python " +"函数对于外部性能分析工具可见（例如 `perf `_" +" 等）。 正在运行的进行可以在 ``/tmp`` 目录中创建一个文件，其中包含可将部分可执行代码映射到特定名称的条目。 本接口的描述参见 `Linux " +"Perf 工具文档 `_。" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:16 +msgid "" +"In Python, these helper APIs can be used by libraries and features that rely" +" on generating machine code on the fly." +msgstr "在 Python 中，这些辅助 API 可供依赖于动态生成机器码的库和特性使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Note that holding the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is not required for " +"these APIs." +msgstr "请注意这些 API 并不要求持有全局解释器锁（GIL）。" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Open the ``/tmp/perf-$pid.map`` file, unless it's already opened, and create" +" a lock to ensure thread-safe writes to the file (provided the writes are " +"done through :c:func:`PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry`). Normally, there's no " +"need to call this explicitly; just use " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry` and it will initialize the state on " +"first call." +msgstr "" +"打开 ``/tmp/perf-$pid.map`` 文件，除非它已经被打开，并创建一个锁来确保线程安全地写入该文件（如果写入是通过 " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry` 执行的）。 通常，没有必要显式地调用此函数；只需使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry` 这样它将在第一次调用时初始化状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Returns ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on failure to create/open the perf map " +"file, or ``-2`` on failure to create a lock. Check ``errno`` for more " +"information about the cause of a failure." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 ``0``，创建/打开 perf map 文件失败时返回 ``-1``，或者创建锁失败时返回 ``-2``。 可检查 ``errno`` " +"获取有关失败原因的更多信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Write one single entry to the ``/tmp/perf-$pid.map`` file. This function is " +"thread safe. Here is what an example entry looks like::" +msgstr "向 ``/tmp/perf-$pid.map`` 文件写入一个单独条目。 此函数是线程安全的。 下面显示了一个示例条目::" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:38 +msgid "" +"# address size name\n" +"7f3529fcf759 b py::bar:/run/t.py" +msgstr "" +"# 地址 大小 名称\n" +"7f3529fcf759 b py::bar:/run/t.py" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Will call :c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init` before writing the entry, " +"if the perf map file is not already opened. Returns ``0`` on success, or the" +" same error codes as :c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init` on failure." +msgstr "" +"将在写入条目之前调用 :c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init`，如果 perf map 文件尚未打开。 成功时返回 " +"``0``，或者在失败时返回与 :c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init` 相同的错误代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/perfmaps.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Close the perf map file opened by :c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init`. " +"This is called by the runtime itself during interpreter shut-down. In " +"general, there shouldn't be a reason to explicitly call this, except to " +"handle specific scenarios such as forking." +msgstr "" +"关闭 :c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init` 所打开的 perf map 文件。 " +"此函数会在解释器关闭期间由运行时本身调用。 通常，应该没有理由显式地调用此函数，除了处理特殊场景例如分叉操作。" diff --git a/c-api/refcounting.po b/c-api/refcounting.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f14efeab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/refcounting.po @@ -0,0 +1,327 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:8 +msgid "Reference Counting" +msgstr "引用计数" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The functions and macros in this section are used for managing reference " +"counts of Python objects." +msgstr "本节介绍的函数和宏被用于管理 Python 对象的引用计数。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:16 +msgid "Get the reference count of the Python object *o*." +msgstr "获取 Python 对象 *o* 的引用计数。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Note that the returned value may not actually reflect how many references to" +" the object are actually held. For example, some objects are " +":term:`immortal` and have a very high refcount that does not reflect the " +"actual number of references. Consequently, do not rely on the returned " +"value to be accurate, other than a value of 0 or 1." +msgstr "" +"请注意返回的值可能并不真正反映实际持有的对象引用数。 例如，有些对象属于 :term:`immortal` 对象并具有并不反映实际引用数的非常高的 " +"refcount 值。 因此，除了 0 或 1 这两个值，不要依赖返回值的准确性。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Use the :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` function to set an object reference count." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` 函数来设置一个对象引用计数。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:26 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_REFCNT()` is changed to the inline static function." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_REFCNT()` 被改为内联的静态函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:29 +msgid "The parameter type is no longer :c:expr:`const PyObject*`." +msgstr "形参类型不再是 :c:expr:`const PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:35 +msgid "Set the object *o* reference counter to *refcnt*." +msgstr "将对象 *o* 的引用计数器设为 *refcnt*。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:37 +msgid "" +"On :ref:`Python build with Free Threading `, if " +"*refcnt* is larger than ``UINT32_MAX``, the object is made :term:`immortal`." +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`启用自由线程的 Python 编译版 ` 中，如果 *refcnt* 大于 " +"``UINT32_MAX``，该对象将被设为 :term:`immortal` 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:40 ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:53 +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:119 +msgid "This function has no effect on :term:`immortal` objects." +msgstr "此函数对 :term:`immortal` 对象没有效果。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:44 ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:68 +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:147 +msgid "Immortal objects are not modified." +msgstr "永生对象不会被修改。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Indicate taking a new :term:`strong reference` to object *o*, indicating it " +"is in use and should not be destroyed." +msgstr "表示为对象 *o* 获取一个新的 :term:`strong reference`，指明该对象正在被使用且不应被销毁。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:55 +msgid "" +"This function is usually used to convert a :term:`borrowed reference` to a " +":term:`strong reference` in-place. The :c:func:`Py_NewRef` function can be " +"used to create a new :term:`strong reference`." +msgstr "" +"此函数通常被用来将 :term:`borrowed reference` 原地转换为 :term:`strong reference`。 " +":c:func:`Py_NewRef` 函数可被用来创建新的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:59 +msgid "When done using the object, release is by calling :c:func:`Py_DECREF`." +msgstr "当对象使用完毕后，可调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 来释放它。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:61 +msgid "" +"The object must not be ``NULL``; if you aren't sure that it isn't ``NULL``, " +"use :c:func:`Py_XINCREF`." +msgstr "此对象必须不为 ``NULL``；如果你不能确定它不为 ``NULL``，请使用 :c:func:`Py_XINCREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Do not expect this function to actually modify *o* in any way. For at least " +":pep:`some objects <0683>`, this function has no effect." +msgstr "不要预期此函数会以任何方式实际地改变 *o*。 至少对 :pep:`某些对象 <0683>` 来说，此函数将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`Py_INCREF`, but the object *o* can be ``NULL``, in which" +" case this has no effect." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 类似，但对象 *o* 可以为 ``NULL``，在这种情况下此函数将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:77 +msgid "See also :c:func:`Py_XNewRef`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`Py_XNewRef`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Create a new :term:`strong reference` to an object: call :c:func:`Py_INCREF`" +" on *o* and return the object *o*." +msgstr "" +"为对象创建一个新的 :term:`strong reference`: 在 *o* 上调用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 并返回对象 *o*。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:85 +msgid "" +"When the :term:`strong reference` is no longer needed, :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"should be called on it to release the reference." +msgstr "当不再需要这个 :term:`strong reference` 时，应当在其上调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 来释放引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The object *o* must not be ``NULL``; use :c:func:`Py_XNewRef` if *o* can be " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "对象 *o* 必须不为 ``NULL``；如果 *o* 可以为 ``NULL`` 则应改用 :c:func:`Py_XNewRef`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:91 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Py_INCREF(obj);\n" +"self->attr = obj;" +msgstr "" +"Py_INCREF(obj);\n" +"self->attr = obj;" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:96 +msgid "can be written as::" +msgstr "可以写成::" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:98 +msgid "self->attr = Py_NewRef(obj);" +msgstr "self->attr = Py_NewRef(obj);" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:100 +msgid "See also :c:func:`Py_INCREF`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`Py_INCREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:107 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`Py_NewRef`, but the object *o* can be NULL." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`Py_NewRef`，但对象 *o* 可以为 NULL。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:109 +msgid "If the object *o* is ``NULL``, the function just returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 为 ``NULL``，该函数也·将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Release a :term:`strong reference` to object *o*, indicating the reference " +"is no longer used." +msgstr "释放一个指向对象 *o* 的 :term:`strong reference`，表明该引用不再被使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Once the last :term:`strong reference` is released (i.e. the object's " +"reference count reaches 0), the object's type's deallocation function (which" +" must not be ``NULL``) is invoked." +msgstr "" +"当最后一个 :term:`strong reference` 被释放时 (即对象的引用计数变为 0)，将会唤起该对象所属类型的 deallocation" +" 函数 (它必须不为 ``NULL``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:126 +msgid "" +"This function is usually used to delete a :term:`strong reference` before " +"exiting its scope." +msgstr "此函数通常被用于在退出作用域之前删除一个 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The object must not be ``NULL``; if you aren't sure that it isn't ``NULL``, " +"use :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`." +msgstr "此对象必须不为 ``NULL``；如果你不能确定它不为 ``NULL``，请使用 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Do not expect this function to actually modify *o* in any way. For at least " +":pep:`some objects <683>`, this function has no effect." +msgstr "不要预期此函数会以任何方式实际地改变 *o*。 至少对 :pep:`某些对象 <683>` 来说，此函数将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:138 +msgid "" +"The deallocation function can cause arbitrary Python code to be invoked " +"(e.g. when a class instance with a :meth:`~object.__del__` method is " +"deallocated). While exceptions in such code are not propagated, the " +"executed code has free access to all Python global variables. This means " +"that any object that is reachable from a global variable should be in a " +"consistent state before :c:func:`Py_DECREF` is invoked. For example, code " +"to delete an object from a list should copy a reference to the deleted " +"object in a temporary variable, update the list data structure, and then " +"call :c:func:`Py_DECREF` for the temporary variable." +msgstr "" +"释放函数会导致任意 Python 代码被唤起（例如当一个带有 :meth:`~object.__del__` 方法的类实例被释放时就是如此）。 " +"虽然这些代码中的异常不会被传播，但被执行的代码能够自由访问所有 Python 全局变量。 这意味着在调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"之前任何可通过全局变量获取的对象都应该处于完好的状态。 " +"例如，从一个列表中删除对象的代码应该将被删除对象的引用拷贝到一个临时变量中，更新列表数据结构，然后再为临时变量调用 " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`Py_DECREF`, but the object *o* can be ``NULL``, in which" +" case this has no effect. The same warning from :c:func:`Py_DECREF` applies " +"here as well." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 类似，但对象 *o* 可以为 ``NULL``，在这种情况下此函数将没有任何效果。 来自 " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` 的警告同样适用于此处。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Release a :term:`strong reference` for object *o*. The object may be " +"``NULL``, in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the effect is the" +" same as for :c:func:`Py_DECREF`, except that the argument is also set to " +"``NULL``. The warning for :c:func:`Py_DECREF` does not apply with respect " +"to the object passed because the macro carefully uses a temporary variable " +"and sets the argument to ``NULL`` before releasing the reference." +msgstr "" +"释放一个指向对象 *o* 的 :term:`strong reference`。 对象可以为 " +"``NULL``，在此情况下该宏将没有任何效果；在其他情况下其效果与 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 相同，区别在于其参数也会被设为 " +"``NULL``。 针对 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 的警告不适用于所传递的对象，因为该宏会细心地使用一个临时变量并在释放引用之前将参数设为" +" ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:168 +msgid "" +"It is a good idea to use this macro whenever releasing a reference to an " +"object that might be traversed during garbage collection." +msgstr "当需要释放指向一个在垃圾回收期间可能被会遍历的对象的引用时使用该宏是一个好主意。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:171 +msgid "" +"The macro argument is now only evaluated once. If the argument has side " +"effects, these are no longer duplicated." +msgstr "该宏参数现在只会被求值一次。 如果该参数具有附带影响，它们将不会再被复制。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Indicate taking a new :term:`strong reference` to object *o*. A function " +"version of :c:func:`Py_XINCREF`. It can be used for runtime dynamic " +"embedding of Python." +msgstr "" +"表示获取一个指向对象 *o* 的新 :term:`strong reference`。 :c:func:`Py_XINCREF` 的函数版本。 " +"它可被用于 Python 的运行时动态嵌入。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Release a :term:`strong reference` to object *o*. A function version of " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF`. It can be used for runtime dynamic embedding of " +"Python." +msgstr "" +"释放一个指向对象 *o* 的 :term:`strong reference`。 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 的函数版本。 它可被用于 " +"Python 的运行时动态嵌入。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Macro safely releasing a :term:`strong reference` to object *dst* and " +"setting *dst* to *src*." +msgstr "该宏可安全地释放一个指向对象 *dst* 的 :term:`strong reference`，并将 *dst* 设为 *src*。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:195 +msgid "As in case of :c:func:`Py_CLEAR`, \"the obvious\" code can be deadly::" +msgstr "在 :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` 的情况中，这样“直观”的代码可能会是致命的::" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:197 +msgid "" +"Py_DECREF(dst);\n" +"dst = src;" +msgstr "" +"Py_DECREF(dst);\n" +"dst = src;" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:200 +msgid "The safe way is::" +msgstr "安全的方式是这样::" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:202 +msgid "Py_SETREF(dst, src);" +msgstr "Py_SETREF(dst, src);" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:204 +msgid "" +"That arranges to set *dst* to *src* _before_ releasing the reference to the " +"old value of *dst*, so that any code triggered as a side-effect of *dst* " +"getting torn down no longer believes *dst* points to a valid object." +msgstr "" +"这样使得在释放对旧 *dst* 值的引用 _之前_ 将 *dst* 设为 *src*，从而让任何因 *dst* 被去除而触发的代码不再相信 *dst* " +"指向一个有效的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:211 ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:223 +msgid "" +"The macro arguments are now only evaluated once. If an argument has side " +"effects, these are no longer duplicated." +msgstr "该宏参数现在只会被求值一次。 如果某个参数具有附带影响，它们将不会再被复制。" + +#: ../../c-api/refcounting.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Variant of :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` macro that uses :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` instead" +" of :c:func:`Py_DECREF`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 代替 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 的 :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` 宏的变种。" diff --git a/c-api/reflection.po b/c-api/reflection.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2e19b4f97 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/reflection.po @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:6 +msgid "Reflection" +msgstr "反射" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:12 +msgid "Use :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins` instead." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins` 代替。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:14 ../../c-api/reflection.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary of the builtins in the current execution frame, or the " +"interpreter of the thread state if no frame is currently executing." +msgstr "返回当前执行帧中内置函数的字典，如果当前没有帧正在执行，则返回线程状态的解释器。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Use either :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` to obtain the same behaviour as " +"calling :func:`locals` in Python code, or else call " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` on the result of :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame` to " +"access the :attr:`~frame.f_locals` attribute of the currently executing " +"frame." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` 来获取与在 Python 代码中调用 :func:`locals` " +"相同的行为，或者是在 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame` 的结果上调用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` " +"来访问当前执行帧的 :attr:`~frame.f_locals` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Return a mapping providing access to the local variables in the current " +"execution frame, or ``NULL`` if no frame is currently executing." +msgstr "返回一个提供对当前执行帧中局部变量访问的映射，或者如果没有当前执行帧则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Refer to :func:`locals` for details of the mapping returned at different " +"scopes." +msgstr "请参考 :func:`locals` 了解在不同作用域下返回的映射的详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:32 +msgid "" +"As this function returns a :term:`borrowed reference`, the dictionary " +"returned for :term:`optimized scopes ` is cached on the " +"frame object and will remain alive as long as the frame object does. Unlike " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` and :func:`locals`, subsequent calls to this" +" function in the same frame will update the contents of the cached " +"dictionary to reflect changes in the state of the local variables rather " +"than returning a new snapshot." +msgstr "" +"由于此函数会返回一个 :term:`borrowed reference`，为 :term:`已优化作用域 ` " +"返回的字典将缓存在帧对象上因此会在帧对象存活期间保持存活。 不同于 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` 和 " +":func:`locals`，在相同帧中对该函数的后续调用将会更新已缓存字典的内容以反映局部变量状态的变化而不是返回一个新的快照。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:39 +msgid "" +"As part of :pep:`667`, :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`, :func:`locals`, and " +":attr:`FrameType.f_locals ` no longer make use of the shared" +" cache dictionary. Refer to the :ref:`What's New entry ` for additional details." +msgstr "" +"作为 :pep:`667` 的一部分，:c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`, :func:`locals` 和 " +":attr:`FrameType.f_locals ` 将不再使用共享的缓存字典。 请参阅 :ref:`有什么新变化条目" +" ` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:50 +msgid "Use :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameGlobals` instead." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameGlobals` 代替。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary of the global variables in the current execution frame, " +"or ``NULL`` if no frame is currently executing." +msgstr "返回当前执行帧中全局变量的字典，如果没有当前执行的帧则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Return the current thread state's frame, which is ``NULL`` if no frame is " +"currently executing." +msgstr "返回当前线程状态的帧，如果没有当前执行的帧则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:61 +msgid "See also :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame`。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary of the local variables in the current execution frame, " +"or ``NULL`` if no frame is currently executing. Equivalent to calling " +":func:`locals` in Python code." +msgstr "" +"返回当前执行帧中局部变量的字典，或者如果没有当前执行帧则返回 ``NULL``。 等价于在 Python 代码中调用 :func:`locals`。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:78 +msgid "" +"To access :attr:`~frame.f_locals` on the current frame without making an " +"independent snapshot in :term:`optimized scopes `, call " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` on the result of :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame`." +msgstr "" +"要访问当前帧上的 :attr:`~frame.f_locals` 而不会在 :term:`已优化作用域 ` " +"中生成独立的快照，可以在 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame` 的结果上调用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary of the global variables in the current execution frame, " +"or ``NULL`` if no frame is currently executing. Equivalent to calling " +":func:`globals` in Python code." +msgstr "" +"返回当前执行帧中局部变量的字典，或者如果没有当前执行帧则返回 ``NULL``。 等价于在 Python 代码中调用 :func:`globals`。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Return the name of *func* if it is a function, class or instance object, " +"else the name of *func*\\s type." +msgstr "如果 *func* 是函数、类或实例对象，则返回它的名称，否则返回 *func* 的类型的名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/reflection.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Return a description string, depending on the type of *func*. Return values " +"include \"()\" for functions and methods, \" constructor\", \" instance\", " +"and \" object\". Concatenated with the result of " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetFuncName`, the result will be a description of *func*." +msgstr "" +"根据 *func* 的类型返回描述字符串。 返回值包括函数和方法的 \"()\", \" constructor\", \" instance\" 和 " +"\" object\"。 与 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFuncName` 的结果连接，结果将是 *func* 的描述。" diff --git a/c-api/sequence.po b/c-api/sequence.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da9e0fb21 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/sequence.po @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# jacky , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# helloworldSB , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:6 +msgid "Sequence Protocol" +msgstr "序列协议" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the object provides the sequence protocol, and ``0`` " +"otherwise. Note that it returns ``1`` for Python classes with a " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` method, unless they are :class:`dict` " +"subclasses, since in general it is impossible to determine what type of keys" +" the class supports. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果对象提供了序列协议则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 请注意对于具有 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法的 " +"Python 类返回 ``1`` ，除非它们是 :class:`dict` 的子类，因为在通常情况下无法确定这种类支持哪种键类型。 " +"该函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Returns the number of objects in sequence *o* on success, and ``-1`` on " +"failure. This is equivalent to the Python expression ``len(o)``." +msgstr "成功时返回序列中*o*的对象数,失败时返回 ``-1`` . 相当于Python的 ``len(o)`` 表达式." + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Return the concatenation of *o1* and *o2* on success, and ``NULL`` on " +"failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 + o2``." +msgstr "成功时返回 *o1* 和 *o2* 的拼接，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``o1 + o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Return the result of repeating sequence object *o* *count* times, or " +"``NULL`` on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o * " +"count``." +msgstr "" +"返回序列对象 *o* 重复 *count* 次的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``o * count``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Return the concatenation of *o1* and *o2* on success, and ``NULL`` on " +"failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o1* supports it. This is " +"the equivalent of the Python expression ``o1 += o2``." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 *o1* 和 *o2* 的拼接，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 在 *o1* 支持的情况下操作将 *原地* 完成。 这等价于 Python " +"表达式 ``o1 += o2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Return the result of repeating sequence object *o* *count* times, or " +"``NULL`` on failure. The operation is done *in-place* when *o* supports it." +" This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o *= count``." +msgstr "" +"Return the result of repeating sequence object返回序列对象 *o* 重复 *count* " +"次的结果，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 在 *o* 支持的情况下该操作会 *原地* 完成。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``o *= " +"count``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Return the *i*\\ th element of *o*, or ``NULL`` on failure. This is the " +"equivalent of the Python expression ``o[i]``." +msgstr "返回 *o* 中的第 *i* 号元素，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``o[i]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Return the slice of sequence object *o* between *i1* and *i2*, or ``NULL`` " +"on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``o[i1:i2]``." +msgstr "" +"返回序列对象 *o* 的 *i1* 到 *i2* 的切片，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``o[i1:i2]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Assign object *v* to the *i*\\ th element of *o*. Raise an exception and " +"return ``-1`` on failure; return ``0`` on success. This is the equivalent " +"of the Python statement ``o[i] = v``. This function *does not* steal a " +"reference to *v*." +msgstr "" +"将对象 *v* 赋值给 *o* 的第 *i* 号元素。 失败时会引发异常并返回 ``-1``；成功时返回 ``0``。 这相当于 Python 语句 " +"``o[i] = v``。 此函数 *不会* 改变对 *v* 的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:72 +msgid "" +"If *v* is ``NULL``, the element is deleted, but this feature is deprecated " +"in favour of using :c:func:`PySequence_DelItem`." +msgstr "如果 *v* 为 ``NULL``，元素将被删除，但是此特性已被弃用而应改用 :c:func:`PySequence_DelItem`。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Delete the *i*\\ th element of object *o*. Returns ``-1`` on failure. This" +" is the equivalent of the Python statement ``del o[i]``." +msgstr "删除对象 *o* 的第 *i* 号元素。 失败时返回 ``-1``。 这相当于 Python 语句 ``del o[i]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Assign the sequence object *v* to the slice in sequence object *o* from *i1*" +" to *i2*. This is the equivalent of the Python statement ``o[i1:i2] = v``." +msgstr "" +"将序列对象 *v* 赋值给序列对象 *o* 的从 *i1* 到 *i2* 切片。 这相当于 Python 语句 ``o[i1:i2] = v``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Delete the slice in sequence object *o* from *i1* to *i2*. Returns ``-1`` " +"on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement ``del " +"o[i1:i2]``." +msgstr "" +"删除序列对象 *o* 的从 *i1* 到 *i2* 的切片。 失败时返回 ``-1``。 这相当于 Python 语句 ``del " +"o[i1:i2]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Return the number of occurrences of *value* in *o*, that is, return the " +"number of keys for which ``o[key] == value``. On failure, return ``-1``. " +"This is equivalent to the Python expression ``o.count(value)``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *value* 在 *o* 中出现的次数，即返回使得 ``o[key] == value`` 的键的数量。 失败时返回 ``-1``。 这相当于 " +"Python 表达式 ``o.count(value)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Determine if *o* contains *value*. If an item in *o* is equal to *value*, " +"return ``1``, otherwise return ``0``. On error, return ``-1``. This is " +"equivalent to the Python expression ``value in o``." +msgstr "" +"确定 *o* 是否包含 *value*。 如果 *o* 中的某一项等于 *value*，则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 出错时，返回 " +"``-1``。 这相当于 Python 表达式 ``value in o``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Return the first index *i* for which ``o[i] == value``. On error, return " +"``-1``. This is equivalent to the Python expression ``o.index(value)``." +msgstr "" +"返回第一个索引*i*,其中 ``o[i] == value`` .出错时,返回 ``-1`` .相当于Python的 " +"``o.index(value)`` 表达式." + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Return a list object with the same contents as the sequence or iterable *o*," +" or ``NULL`` on failure. The returned list is guaranteed to be new. This " +"is equivalent to the Python expression ``list(o)``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个列表对象，其内容与序列或可迭代对象 *o* 相同，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 返回的列表保证是一个新对象。 这等价于 Python 表达式 " +"``list(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple object with the same contents as the sequence or iterable " +"*o*, or ``NULL`` on failure. If *o* is a tuple, a new reference will be " +"returned, otherwise a tuple will be constructed with the appropriate " +"contents. This is equivalent to the Python expression ``tuple(o)``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个元组对象，其内容与序列或可迭代对象 *o* 相同，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 如果 *o* " +"为元组，则将返回一个新的引用，在其他情况下将使用适当的内容构造一个元组。 这等价于 Python 表达式 ``tuple(o)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Return the sequence or iterable *o* as an object usable by the other " +"``PySequence_Fast*`` family of functions. If the object is not a sequence or" +" iterable, raises :exc:`TypeError` with *m* as the message text. Returns " +"``NULL`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"将序列或可迭代对象 *o* 作为其他 ``PySequence_Fast*`` 函数族可用的对象返回。 如果该对象不是序列或可迭代对象，则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError` 并将 *m* 作为消息文本。 失败时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:138 +msgid "" +"The ``PySequence_Fast*`` functions are thus named because they assume *o* is" +" a :c:type:`PyTupleObject` or a :c:type:`PyListObject` and access the data " +"fields of *o* directly." +msgstr "" +"``PySequence_Fast*`` 函数之所以这样命名，是因为它们会假定 *o* 是一个 :c:type:`PyTupleObject` 或 " +":c:type:`PyListObject` 并直接访问 *o* 的数据字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:142 +msgid "" +"As a CPython implementation detail, if *o* is already a sequence or list, it" +" will be returned." +msgstr "作为 CPython 的实现细节，如果 *o* 已经是一个序列或列表，它将被直接返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Returns the length of *o*, assuming that *o* was returned by " +":c:func:`PySequence_Fast` and that *o* is not ``NULL``. The size can also " +"be retrieved by calling :c:func:`PySequence_Size` on *o*, but " +":c:func:`PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE` is faster because it can assume *o* is a " +"list or tuple." +msgstr "" +"在 *o* 由 :c:func:`PySequence_Fast` 返回且 *o* 不为 ``NULL`` 的情况下返回 *o* 长度。 也可以通过在" +" *o* 上调用 :c:func:`PySequence_Size` 来获取大小，但是 " +":c:func:`PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE` 的速度更快因为它可以假定 *o* 为列表或元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Return the *i*\\ th element of *o*, assuming that *o* was returned by " +":c:func:`PySequence_Fast`, *o* is not ``NULL``, and that *i* is within " +"bounds." +msgstr "" +"在 *o* 由 :c:func:`PySequence_Fast` 返回且 *o* 不 ``NULL``，并且 *i* d在索引范围内的情况下返回 " +"*o* 的第 *i* 号元素。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Return the underlying array of PyObject pointers. Assumes that *o* was " +"returned by :c:func:`PySequence_Fast` and *o* is not ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"返回 PyObject 指针的底层数组。 假设 *o* 由 :c:func:`PySequence_Fast` 返回且 *o* 不为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Note, if a list gets resized, the reallocation may relocate the items array." +" So, only use the underlying array pointer in contexts where the sequence " +"cannot change." +msgstr "请注意,如果列表调整大小,重新分配可能会重新定位items数组.因此,仅在序列无法更改的上下文中使用基础数组指针." + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Return the *i*\\ th element of *o* or ``NULL`` on failure. Faster form of " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetItem` but without checking that " +":c:func:`PySequence_Check` on *o* is true and without adjustment for " +"negative indices." +msgstr "" +"返回 *o* 的第 *i* 个元素或在失败时返回 ``NULL``。 此形式比 :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem` " +"理馔，但不会检查 *o* 上的 :c:func:`PySequence_Check` 是否为真值，也不会对负序号进行调整。" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:21 ../../c-api/sequence.rst:123 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:21 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" + +#: ../../c-api/sequence.rst:123 +msgid "tuple" +msgstr "元组" diff --git a/c-api/set.po b/c-api/set.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f04ca5d2e --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/set.po @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Josh Ouyang , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:6 +msgid "Set Objects" +msgstr "集合对象" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This section details the public API for :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` " +"objects. Any functionality not listed below is best accessed using either " +"the abstract object protocol (including :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool`, :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_Repr`, :c:func:`PyObject_IsTrue`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_Print`, and :c:func:`PyObject_GetIter`) or the abstract " +"number protocol (including :c:func:`PyNumber_And`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_Subtract`, :c:func:`PyNumber_Or`, :c:func:`PyNumber_Xor`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceAnd`, :c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceOr`, and :c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceXor`)." +msgstr "" +"这一节详细介绍了针对 :class:`set` 和 :class:`frozenset` 对象的公共 API。 " +"任何未在下面列出的功能最好是使用抽象对象协议 (包括 :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool`, :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_Repr`, :c:func:`PyObject_IsTrue`, :c:func:`PyObject_Print`" +" 以及 :c:func:`PyObject_GetIter`) 或者抽象数字协议 (包括 :c:func:`PyNumber_And`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_Subtract`, :c:func:`PyNumber_Or`, :c:func:`PyNumber_Xor`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceAnd`, :c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceOr` 以及 :c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceXor`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:29 +msgid "" +"This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` is used to hold the internal data for " +"both :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` objects. It is like a " +":c:type:`PyDictObject` in that it is a fixed size for small sets (much like " +"tuple storage) and will point to a separate, variable sized block of memory " +"for medium and large sized sets (much like list storage). None of the fields" +" of this structure should be considered public and all are subject to " +"change. All access should be done through the documented API rather than by" +" manipulating the values in the structure." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型被用来保存 :class:`set` 和 :class:`frozenset` 对象的内部数据。 " +"它类似于 :c:type:`PyDictObject` " +"的地方在于对小尺寸集合来说它是固定大小的（很像元组的存储方式），而对于中等和大尺寸集合来说它将指向单独的可变大小的内存块（很像列表的存储方式）。 " +"此结构体的字段不应被视为公有并且可能发生改变。 所有访问都应当通过已写入文档的 API 来进行而不可通过直接操纵结构体中的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:40 +msgid "" +"This is an instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` representing the Python " +":class:`set` type." +msgstr "这是一个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例，表示 Python :class:`set` 类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:46 +msgid "" +"This is an instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` representing the Python " +":class:`frozenset` type." +msgstr "这是一个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例，表示 Python :class:`frozenset` 类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The following type check macros work on pointers to any Python object. " +"Likewise, the constructor functions work with any iterable Python object." +msgstr "下列类型检查宏适用于指向任意 Python 对象的指针。 类似地，这些构造函数也适用于任意可迭代的 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a :class:`set` object or an instance of a subtype. " +"This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 :class:`set` 对象或者是其子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a :class:`frozenset` object or an instance of a " +"subtype. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 :class:`frozenset` 对象或者是其子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a :class:`set` object, a :class:`frozenset` object, or" +" an instance of a subtype. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *p* 是一个 :class:`set` 对象、:class:`frozenset` 对象或者是其子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a :class:`set` object but not an instance of a " +"subtype. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 :class:`set` 对象但不是其子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a :class:`set` object or a :class:`frozenset` object " +"but not an instance of a subtype. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *p* 是一个 :class:`set` 或 :class:`frozenset` 对象但不是其子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a :class:`frozenset` object but not an instance of a " +"subtype. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 :class:`frozenset` 对象但不是其子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`set` containing objects returned by the *iterable*. " +"The *iterable* may be ``NULL`` to create a new empty set. Return the new " +"set on success or ``NULL`` on failure. Raise :exc:`TypeError` if *iterable*" +" is not actually iterable. The constructor is also useful for copying a set" +" (``c=set(s)``)." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`set`，其中包含 *iterable* 所返回的对象。 *iterable* 可以为 ``NULL`` " +"表示创建一个新的空集合。 成功时返回新的集合，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 如果 *iterable* 实际上不是可迭代对象则引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 该构造器也适用于拷贝集合 (``c=set(s)``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`frozenset` containing objects returned by the " +"*iterable*. The *iterable* may be ``NULL`` to create a new empty frozenset." +" Return the new set on success or ``NULL`` on failure. Raise " +":exc:`TypeError` if *iterable* is not actually iterable." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`frozenset`，其中包含 *iterable* 所返回的对象。 *iterable* 可以为 ``NULL`` " +"表示创建一个新的空冻结集合。 成功时返回新的冻结集合，失败时返回 ``NULL``。 如果 *iterable* 实际上不是可迭代对象则引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:104 +msgid "" +"The following functions and macros are available for instances of " +":class:`set` or :class:`frozenset` or instances of their subtypes." +msgstr "下列函数和宏适用于 :class:`set` 或 :class:`frozenset` 的实例或是其子类型的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Return the length of a :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset` object. Equivalent" +" to ``len(anyset)``. Raises a :exc:`SystemError` if *anyset* is not a " +":class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, or an instance of a subtype." +msgstr "" +"返回 :class:`set` 或 :class:`frozenset` 对象的长度。 等同于 ``len(anyset)``。 如果 *anyset*" +" 不是 :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset` 或其子类型的实例，则会引发 :exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:119 +msgid "Macro form of :c:func:`PySet_Size` without error checking." +msgstr "宏版本的 :c:func:`PySet_Size`，不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if found, ``0`` if not found, and ``-1`` if an error is " +"encountered. Unlike the Python :meth:`~object.__contains__` method, this " +"function does not automatically convert unhashable sets into temporary " +"frozensets. Raise a :exc:`TypeError` if the *key* is unhashable. Raise " +":exc:`SystemError` if *anyset* is not a :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, or" +" an instance of a subtype." +msgstr "" +"如果找到则返回 ``1`` ，如果未找到则返回 ``0`` ，如果遇到错误则返回 ``-1``。 与 Python " +":meth:`~object.__contains__` 方法不同，该函数不会自动将不可哈希的集合转换为临时冻结集合。 如果 *key* " +"是不可哈希对象则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 如果 *anyset* 不是 :class:`set`, " +":class:`frozenset` 或其子类型的实例则会引发 :exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Add *key* to a :class:`set` instance. Also works with :class:`frozenset` " +"instances (like :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` it can be used to fill in the " +"values of brand new frozensets before they are exposed to other code). " +"Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on failure. Raise a :exc:`TypeError` if " +"the *key* is unhashable. Raise a :exc:`MemoryError` if there is no room to " +"grow. Raise a :exc:`SystemError` if *set* is not an instance of " +":class:`set` or its subtype." +msgstr "" +"添加 *key* 到一个 :class:`set` 实例。 也可用于 :class:`frozenset` 实例（与 " +":c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` 的类似之处是它也可被用来为全新的冻结集合在公开给其他代码之前填充全新的值）。 成功时返回 ``0``" +" 而失败时返回 ``-1``。 如果 *key* 为不可哈希对象则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 如果没有增长空间则会引发 " +":exc:`MemoryError`。 如果 *set* 不是 :class:`set` 或其子类型的实例则会引发 " +":exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:142 +msgid "" +"The following functions are available for instances of :class:`set` or its " +"subtypes but not for instances of :class:`frozenset` or its subtypes." +msgstr "下列函数适用于 :class:`set` 或其子类型的实例，但不可用于 :class:`frozenset` 或其子类型的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if found and removed, ``0`` if not found (no action taken), and" +" ``-1`` if an error is encountered. Does not raise :exc:`KeyError` for " +"missing keys. Raise a :exc:`TypeError` if the *key* is unhashable. Unlike " +"the Python :meth:`~frozenset.discard` method, this function does not " +"automatically convert unhashable sets into temporary frozensets. Raise " +":exc:`SystemError` if *set* is not an instance of :class:`set` or its " +"subtype." +msgstr "" +"如果找到并已删除则返回 ``1``，如未找到（无操作）则返回 ``0``，如果遇到错误则返回 ``-1``。 对于不存在的键不会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。 如果 *key* 为不可哈希对象则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 与 Python " +":meth:`~frozenset.discard` 方法不同，该函数不会自动将不可哈希的集合转换为临时的冻结集合。 如果 *set* 不是 " +":class:`set` 或其子类的实例则会引发 :exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Return a new reference to an arbitrary object in the *set*, and removes the " +"object from the *set*. Return ``NULL`` on failure. Raise :exc:`KeyError` " +"if the set is empty. Raise a :exc:`SystemError` if *set* is not an instance " +"of :class:`set` or its subtype." +msgstr "" +"返回 *set* 中任意对象的新引用，并从 *set* 中移除该对象。 失败时返回 ``NULL``。 如果集合为空则会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。 如果 *set* 不是 :class:`set` 或其子类型的实例则会引发 :exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Empty an existing set of all elements. Return ``0`` on success. Return " +"``-1`` and raise :exc:`SystemError` if *set* is not an instance of " +":class:`set` or its subtype." +msgstr "" +"清空现有的所有元素的集合。 成功时返回 ``0``。 如果 *set* 不是 :class:`set` 或其子类型的实际则返回 ``-1`` 并引发 " +":exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:11 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:11 +msgid "set" +msgstr "set" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:11 +msgid "frozenset" +msgstr "frozenset" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:110 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/set.rst:110 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" diff --git a/c-api/slice.po b/c-api/slice.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b52fec428 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/slice.po @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kunkgg , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:6 +msgid "Slice Objects" +msgstr "切片对象" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The type object for slice objects. This is the same as :class:`slice` in " +"the Python layer." +msgstr "切片对象的类型对象。 它与 Python 层面的 :class:`slice` 是相同的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Return true if *ob* is a slice object; *ob* must not be ``NULL``. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *ob* 是一个 slice 对象则返回真值；*ob* 必须不为 ``NULL``。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Return a new slice object with the given values. The *start*, *stop*, and " +"*step* parameters are used as the values of the slice object attributes of " +"the same names. Any of the values may be ``NULL``, in which case the " +"``None`` will be used for the corresponding attribute." +msgstr "" +"返回一个具有给定值的新切片对象。 *start*, *stop* 和 *step* 形参会被用作该切片对象相同名称的属性值。 这些值中的任何一个都可以为" +" ``NULL``，在此情况下将使用 ``None`` 作为相应的属性值。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Return ``NULL`` with an exception set if the new object could not be " +"allocated." +msgstr "当无法分配新对象时将返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Retrieve the start, stop and step indices from the slice object *slice*, " +"assuming a sequence of length *length*. Treats indices greater than *length*" +" as errors." +msgstr "" +"从切片对象 *slice* 提取 start, stop 和 step 索引号，将序列长度视为 *length*。 大于 *length* " +"的序列号将被当作错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Returns ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on error with no exception set (unless " +"one of the indices was not ``None`` and failed to be converted to an " +"integer, in which case ``-1`` is returned with an exception set)." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1`` 并且不设置异常（除非某个索引号不为 ``None`` 且无法被转换为整数，在这种情况下将返回 " +"``-1`` 并且设置一个异常）。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:42 +msgid "You probably do not want to use this function." +msgstr "你可能不会打算使用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:44 ../../c-api/slice.rst:75 +msgid "" +"The parameter type for the *slice* parameter was ``PySliceObject*`` before." +msgstr "之前 *slice* 形参的形参类型是 ``PySliceObject*``。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Usable replacement for :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndices`. Retrieve the start, " +"stop, and step indices from the slice object *slice* assuming a sequence of " +"length *length*, and store the length of the slice in *slicelength*. Out of" +" bounds indices are clipped in a manner consistent with the handling of " +"normal slices." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndices` 的可用替代。 从切片对象 *slice* 提取 start, stop 和 step " +"索引号，将序列长度视为 *length*，并将切片的长度保存在 *slicelength* 中，超出范围的索引号会以与普通切片一致的方式进行剪切。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:57 +msgid "Return ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on error with an exception set." +msgstr "成功时返回 ``0`` 而在出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:60 +msgid "" +"This function is considered not safe for resizable sequences. Its invocation" +" should be replaced by a combination of :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices` where ::" +msgstr "" +"此函数对于可变大小序列来说是不安全的。 对它的调用应被替换为 :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` 和 " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices` 的组合，其中 ::" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:64 +msgid "" +"if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(slice, length, &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {\n" +" // return error\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(slice, length, &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0) {\n" +" // 返回错误\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:68 +msgid "is replaced by ::" +msgstr "会被替换为 ::" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:70 +msgid "" +"if (PySlice_Unpack(slice, &start, &stop, &step) < 0) {\n" +" // return error\n" +"}\n" +"slicelength = PySlice_AdjustIndices(length, &start, &stop, step);" +msgstr "" +"if (PySlice_Unpack(slice, &start, &stop, &step) < 0) {\n" +" // 返回错误\n" +"}\n" +"slicelength = PySlice_AdjustIndices(length, &start, &stop, step);" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:79 +msgid "" +"If ``Py_LIMITED_API`` is not set or set to the value between ``0x03050400`` " +"and ``0x03060000`` (not including) or ``0x03060100`` or higher " +":c:func:`!PySlice_GetIndicesEx` is implemented as a macro using " +":c:func:`!PySlice_Unpack` and :c:func:`!PySlice_AdjustIndices`. Arguments " +"*start*, *stop* and *step* are evaluated more than once." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 未设置或设置为 ``0x03050400`` 与 ``0x03060000`` 之间的值（不包括边界）或 " +"``0x03060100`` 或更大则 :c:func:`!PySlice_GetIndicesEx` 会被实现为一个使用 " +":c:func:`!PySlice_Unpack` 和 :c:func:`!PySlice_AdjustIndices` 的宏。 参数 *start*," +" *stop* 和 *step* 会被多被求值。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:86 +msgid "" +"If ``Py_LIMITED_API`` is set to the value less than ``0x03050400`` or " +"between ``0x03060000`` and ``0x03060100`` (not including) " +":c:func:`!PySlice_GetIndicesEx` is a deprecated function." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 设置为小于 ``0x03050400`` 或 ``0x03060000`` 与 ``0x03060100``" +" 之间的值（不包括边界）则 :c:func:`!PySlice_GetIndicesEx` 为已弃用的函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Extract the start, stop and step data members from a slice object as C " +"integers. Silently reduce values larger than ``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` to " +"``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX``, silently boost the start and stop values less than " +"``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN`` to ``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN``, and silently boost the step values" +" less than ``-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` to ``-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX``." +msgstr "" +"从切片对象中将 start, stop 和 step 数据成员提取为 C 整数。 会静默地将大于 ``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` 的值减小为 " +"``PY_SSIZE_T_MAX``，静默地将小于 ``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN`` 的 start 和 stop 值增大为 " +"``PY_SSIZE_T_MIN``，并静默地将小于 ``-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`` 的 step 值增大为 " +"``-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX``。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:100 +msgid "Return ``-1`` with an exception set on error, ``0`` on success." +msgstr "出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常，成功时返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:107 +msgid "" +"Adjust start/end slice indices assuming a sequence of the specified length. " +"Out of bounds indices are clipped in a manner consistent with the handling " +"of normal slices." +msgstr "将 start/end 切片索引号根据指定的序列长度进行调整。 超出范围的索引号会以与普通切片一致的方式进行剪切。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Return the length of the slice. Always successful. Doesn't call Python " +"code." +msgstr "返回切片的长度。 此操作总是会成功。 不会调用 Python 代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:118 +msgid "Ellipsis Object" +msgstr "Ellipsis 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The type of Python :const:`Ellipsis` object. Same " +"as :class:`types.EllipsisType` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +"Python :const:`Ellipsis` 对象的类型。 与 Python 层的 :class:`types.EllipsisType` " +"为同一对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The Python ``Ellipsis`` object. This object has no methods. Like " +":c:data:`Py_None`, it is an :term:`immortal` singleton object." +msgstr "" +"Python ``Ellipsis`` 对象。 此对象没有任何方法。 像 :c:data:`Py_None` 一样，它是一个 " +":term:`immortal` 单例对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/slice.rst:132 +msgid ":c:data:`Py_Ellipsis` is immortal." +msgstr ":c:data:`Py_Ellipsis` 是永久性对象。" diff --git a/c-api/stable.po b/c-api/stable.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..819761fa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/stable.po @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-06 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:7 +msgid "C API Stability" +msgstr "C API 的稳定性" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Unless documented otherwise, Python's C API is covered by the Backwards " +"Compatibility Policy, :pep:`387`. Most changes to it are source-compatible " +"(typically by only adding new API). Changing existing API or removing API is" +" only done after a deprecation period or to fix serious issues." +msgstr "" +"除非另有文档说明，Python 的 C API 将遵循 :pep:`387` 所描述的向下兼容策略。 " +"对它的大部分改变都是源代码级兼容的（通常只会增加新的 new API）。 改变现有 API 或移除 API " +"只会在弃用期结束之后或需修复严重问题时才会发生。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:15 +msgid "" +"CPython's Application Binary Interface (ABI) is forward- and backwards-" +"compatible across a minor release (if these are compiled the same way; see " +":ref:`stable-abi-platform` below). So, code compiled for Python 3.10.0 will " +"work on 3.10.8 and vice versa, but will need to be compiled separately for " +"3.9.x and 3.11.x." +msgstr "" +"CPython 的应用程序二进制接口（ABI）可以跨微版本向上和向下兼容（在以相同方式编译的情况下，参见下文 :ref:`stable-abi-" +"platform` 一节）。 因此，针对 Python 3.10.0 编译的代码将适用于 3.10.8，反之亦然，但对于 3.9.x 和 3.11.x " +"则需要单独编译。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:21 +msgid "There are two tiers of C API with different stability expectations:" +msgstr "存在具有不同稳定性预期的两个 C API 层次：" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:23 +msgid "" +":ref:`Unstable API `, may change in minor versions without a" +" deprecation period. It is marked by the ``PyUnstable`` prefix in names." +msgstr "" +":ref:`不稳定 API `，可能在次要版本中发生改变而没有弃用期。 它的名称会以 ``PyUnstable`` " +"前缀来标记。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:25 +msgid "" +":ref:`Limited API `, is compatible across several minor " +"releases. When :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` is defined, only this subset is " +"exposed from ``Python.h``." +msgstr "" +":ref:`受限 API `，将会在多个次要版本间保持兼容。 当定义了 :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API`" +" 时，将只有这个子集会从 ``Python.h`` 对外公开。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:29 +msgid "These are discussed in more detail below." +msgstr "这些将在下文中更详细地讨论。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Names prefixed by an underscore, such as ``_Py_InternalState``, are private " +"API that can change without notice even in patch releases. If you need to " +"use this API, consider reaching out to `CPython developers " +"`_ to discuss adding public " +"API for your use case." +msgstr "" +"带有一个下划线前缀的名称，如 ``_Py_InternalState``，是可能不经通知就改变甚至是在补丁发布版中改变的私有 API。 " +"如果你需要使用这样的 API，请考虑联系 `CPython 开发团队 `_ 来讨论为你的应用场景添加公有 API。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:40 +msgid "Unstable C API" +msgstr "不稳定 C API" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Any API named with the ``PyUnstable`` prefix exposes CPython implementation " +"details, and may change in every minor release (e.g. from 3.9 to 3.10) " +"without any deprecation warnings. However, it will not change in a bugfix " +"release (e.g. from 3.10.0 to 3.10.1)." +msgstr "" +"任何名称带有 ``PyUnstable`` 前缀的 API 都将对外公开 CPython 的实现细节，并可能不加弃用警告即在次要版本中发生改变（例如从 " +"3.9 到 3.10）。 但是，它不会在问题修正发布版中改变（例如从 3.10.0 到 3.10.1）。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:49 +msgid "" +"It is generally intended for specialized, low-level tools like debuggers." +msgstr "它通常是针对专门的，低层级的工具如调试器等。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Projects that use this API are expected to follow CPython development and " +"spend extra effort adjusting to changes." +msgstr "使用此 API 的项目需要跟随 CPython 开发进程并花费额外的努力来适应改变。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:56 +msgid "Stable Application Binary Interface" +msgstr "应用程序二进制接口的稳定版" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:58 +msgid "" +"For simplicity, this document talks about *extensions*, but the Limited API " +"and Stable ABI work the same way for all uses of the API – for example, " +"embedding Python." +msgstr "" +"简单起见，本文档只讨论了 *扩展*，但受限 API 和稳定 ABI 对于 API 的所有用法都能发挥相同的作用 – 例如嵌入版的 Python 等。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:65 +msgid "Limited C API" +msgstr "受限 C API" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Python 3.2 introduced the *Limited API*, a subset of Python's C API. " +"Extensions that only use the Limited API can be compiled once and be loaded " +"on multiple versions of Python. Contents of the Limited API are :ref:`listed" +" below `." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.2 引入了 *受限 API*，它是 Python 的 C API 的子集。 只使用受限 API 的扩展可以一次编译即可在多个 " +"Python 版本上加载。 受限 API 内容 :ref:`如下所示 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Define this macro before including ``Python.h`` to opt in to only use the " +"Limited API, and to select the Limited API version." +msgstr "请在包括 ``Python.h`` 之前定义这个宏以选择只使用受限 API，并选择受限 API 的版本。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Define ``Py_LIMITED_API`` to the value of :c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX` " +"corresponding to the lowest Python version your extension supports. The " +"extension will be ABI-compatible with all Python 3 releases from the " +"specified one onward, and can use Limited API introduced up to that version." +msgstr "" +"将 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 定义为对应于你的扩展所支持的最低 Python 版本的 :c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX` " +"值。 扩展将与从指定版本开始的所有 Python 3 发布版保持 ABI 兼容，并可使用到该版本为止所引入的受限 API。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Rather than using the ``PY_VERSION_HEX`` macro directly, hardcode a minimum " +"minor version (e.g. ``0x030A0000`` for Python 3.10) for stability when " +"compiling with future Python versions." +msgstr "" +"不直接使用 ``PY_VERSION_HEX`` 宏，而是碍编码一个最小的次要版本（例如 ``0x030A0000`` 表示 Python " +"3.10）以便在使用未来的 Python 版本进行编译时保持稳定。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:87 +msgid "" +"You can also define ``Py_LIMITED_API`` to ``3``. This works the same as " +"``0x03020000`` (Python 3.2, the version that introduced Limited API)." +msgstr "" +"你还可以将 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 定义为 ``3``。 其效果与 ``0x03020000`` 相同（即 Python 3.2，引入受限" +" API 的版本）。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:94 +msgid "Stable ABI" +msgstr "稳定 ABI" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:96 +msgid "" +"To enable this, Python provides a *Stable ABI*: a set of symbols that will " +"remain ABI-compatible across Python 3.x versions." +msgstr "为启用此特性，Python 提供了一个 *稳定 ABI*:即一组将跨 Python 3.x 各个版本保持 ABI 兼容的符号集合。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The Stable ABI prevents ABI issues, like linker errors due to missing " +"symbols or data corruption due to changes in structure layouts or function " +"signatures. However, other changes in Python can change the *behavior* of " +"extensions. See Python's Backwards Compatibility Policy (:pep:`387`) for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"稳定 ABI 将防止多种 ABI 问题，如由于缺失符号导致的链接器错误或由于结构体布局或函数签名中的变化导致的数据损坏。 不过，Python " +"中的其他修改可能改变扩展的 *行为*。 请参阅 Python 的向下兼容策略 (:pep:`387`) 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:107 +msgid "" +"The Stable ABI contains symbols exposed in the :ref:`Limited API `, but also other ones – for example, functions necessary to support " +"older versions of the Limited API." +msgstr "" +"稳定 ABI 包含在 :ref:`受限 API ` 中对外公开的符号，但还包含其他符号 – 例如，为支持旧版本受限 API" +" 所需的函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:111 +msgid "" +"On Windows, extensions that use the Stable ABI should be linked against " +"``python3.dll`` rather than a version-specific library such as " +"``python39.dll``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，使用稳定 ABI 的扩展应当被链接到 ``python3.dll`` 而不是版本专属的库如 ``python39.dll``。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:115 +msgid "" +"On some platforms, Python will look for and load shared library files named " +"with the ``abi3`` tag (e.g. ``mymodule.abi3.so``). It does not check if such" +" extensions conform to a Stable ABI. The user (or their packaging tools) " +"need to ensure that, for example, extensions built with the 3.10+ Limited " +"API are not installed for lower versions of Python." +msgstr "" +"在某些平台上，Python 将查找并载入名称中带有 ``abi3`` 标签的共享库文件 (例如 ``mymodule.abi3.so``)。 " +"它不会检查这样的扩展是否兼容稳定 ABI。 使用方 (或其打包工具) 需要确保这一些，例如，基于 3.10+ 受限 API " +"编译的扩展不可被安装于更低版本的 Python 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:122 +msgid "" +"All functions in the Stable ABI are present as functions in Python's shared " +"library, not solely as macros. This makes them usable from languages that " +"don't use the C preprocessor." +msgstr "" +"稳定 ABI 中的所有函数都会作为 Python 的共享库中的函数存在，而不仅是作为宏。 这使得它们可以在不使用 C 预处理器的语言中使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:128 +msgid "Limited API Scope and Performance" +msgstr "受限 API 的作用域和性能" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:130 +msgid "" +"The goal for the Limited API is to allow everything that is possible with " +"the full C API, but possibly with a performance penalty." +msgstr "受限 API 的目标是允许使用在完整 C API 中可用的任何东西，但可能会有性能上的损失。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:133 +msgid "" +"For example, while :c:func:`PyList_GetItem` is available, its “unsafe” macro" +" variant :c:func:`PyList_GET_ITEM` is not. The macro can be faster because " +"it can rely on version-specific implementation details of the list object." +msgstr "" +"例如，虽然 :c:func:`PyList_GetItem` 是可用的，但其 “不安全的” 宏版本 :c:func:`PyList_GET_ITEM` " +"则是不可用的。 这个宏的运行速度更快因为它可以利用版本专属的列表对象实现细节。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Without ``Py_LIMITED_API`` defined, some C API functions are inlined or " +"replaced by macros. Defining ``Py_LIMITED_API`` disables this inlining, " +"allowing stability as Python's data structures are improved, but possibly " +"reducing performance." +msgstr "" +"在未定义 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 的情况下，某些 C API 函数将由宏来执行内联或替换。 定义 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` " +"会禁用这样的内联，允许提升 Python 的数据结构稳定性，但有可能降低性能。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:143 +msgid "" +"By leaving out the ``Py_LIMITED_API`` definition, it is possible to compile " +"a Limited API extension with a version-specific ABI. This can improve " +"performance for that Python version, but will limit compatibility. Compiling" +" with ``Py_LIMITED_API`` will then yield an extension that can be " +"distributed where a version-specific one is not available – for example, for" +" prereleases of an upcoming Python version." +msgstr "" +"通过省略 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 定义，可以使基于版本专属的 ABI 来编译受限 API 扩展成为可能。 这能提升其在相应 Python " +"版本上的性能，但也将限制其兼容性。 基于 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 进行编译将产生一个可在版本专属扩展不可用的场合分发的扩展 – " +"例如，针对即将发布的 Python 版本的预发布包。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:152 +msgid "Limited API Caveats" +msgstr "受限 API 警示" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Note that compiling with ``Py_LIMITED_API`` is *not* a complete guarantee " +"that code conforms to the :ref:`Limited API ` or the " +":ref:`Stable ABI `. ``Py_LIMITED_API`` only covers definitions, " +"but an API also includes other issues, such as expected semantics." +msgstr "" +"请注意使用 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 进行编译 *无法* 完全保证代码能够兼容 :ref:`受限 API ` " +"或 :ref:`稳定 ABI `。 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 仅仅涵盖定义部分，但一个 API " +"还包括其他因素，如预期的语义等。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:159 +msgid "" +"One issue that ``Py_LIMITED_API`` does not guard against is calling a " +"function with arguments that are invalid in a lower Python version. For " +"example, consider a function that starts accepting ``NULL`` for an argument." +" In Python 3.9, ``NULL`` now selects a default behavior, but in Python 3.8, " +"the argument will be used directly, causing a ``NULL`` dereference and " +"crash. A similar argument works for fields of structs." +msgstr "" +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` 不能处理的一个问题是附带在较低 Python 版本中无效的参数调用某个函数。 例如，考虑一个接受 ``NULL``" +" 作为参数的函数。 在 Python 3.9 中，``NULL`` 现在会选择一个默认行为，但在 Python 3.8 中，该参数将被直接使用，导致一个" +" ``NULL`` 引用被崩溃。 类似的参数也适用于结构体的字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Another issue is that some struct fields are currently not hidden when " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` is defined, even though they're part of the Limited API." +msgstr "另一个问题是当定义了 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 时某些结构体字段目前不会被隐藏，即使它们是受限 API 的一部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:169 +msgid "" +"For these reasons, we recommend testing an extension with *all* minor Python" +" versions it supports, and preferably to build with the *lowest* such " +"version." +msgstr "出于这些原因，我们建议用要支持的 *所有* Python 小版本号来测试一个扩展，并最好是用其中 *最低* 的版本来编译它。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:172 +msgid "" +"We also recommend reviewing documentation of all used API to check if it is " +"explicitly part of the Limited API. Even with ``Py_LIMITED_API`` defined, a " +"few private declarations are exposed for technical reasons (or even " +"unintentionally, as bugs)." +msgstr "" +"我们还建议查看所使用 API 的全部文档以检查其是否显式指明为受限 API 的一部分。 即使定义了 " +"``Py_LIMITED_API``，少数私有声明还是会出于技术原因（或者甚至是作为程序缺陷在无意中）被暴露出来。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Also note that the Limited API is not necessarily stable: compiling with " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` with Python 3.8 means that the extension will run with " +"Python 3.12, but it will not necessarily *compile* with Python 3.12. In " +"particular, parts of the Limited API may be deprecated and removed, provided" +" that the Stable ABI stays stable." +msgstr "" +"还要注意受限 API 并不必然是稳定的：在 Python 3.8 上用 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 编译扩展意味着该扩展能在 Python " +"3.12 上运行，但它将不一定能用 Python 3.12 *编译*。 特别地，在稳定 ABI 保持稳定的情况下，部分受限 API " +"可能会被弃用并被移除。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:187 +msgid "Platform Considerations" +msgstr "平台的考虑" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:189 +msgid "" +"ABI stability depends not only on Python, but also on the compiler used, " +"lower-level libraries and compiler options. For the purposes of the " +":ref:`Stable ABI `, these details define a “platform”. They " +"usually depend on the OS type and processor architecture" +msgstr "" +"ABI 的稳定性不仅取决于 Python，取决于所使用的编译器、低层级库和编译器选项等。 对于 :ref:`稳定 ABI ` " +"的目标来说，这些细节定义了一个 “平台”。 它们通常会依赖于 OS 类型和处理器架构等。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:194 +msgid "" +"It is the responsibility of each particular distributor of Python to ensure " +"that all Python versions on a particular platform are built in a way that " +"does not break the Stable ABI. This is the case with Windows and macOS " +"releases from ``python.org`` and many third-party distributors." +msgstr "" +"确保在特定平台上的所有 Python 版本都以不破坏稳定 ABI 的方式构建是每个特定 Python 分发方的责任。 来自 ``python.org``" +" 以及许多第三方分发商的 Windows 和 macOS 发布版都必于这种情况。" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:204 +msgid "Contents of Limited API" +msgstr "受限 API 的内容" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Currently, the :ref:`Limited API ` includes the following " +"items:" +msgstr "目前 :ref:`受限 API ` 包括下面这些项:" + +#: ../../c-api/stable.rst:42 +msgid "PyUnstable" +msgstr "PyUnstable" diff --git a/c-api/structures.po b/c-api/structures.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f46e8f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/structures.po @@ -0,0 +1,1166 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Fw[a]rd , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:6 +msgid "Common Object Structures" +msgstr "公用对象结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:8 +msgid "" +"There are a large number of structures which are used in the definition of " +"object types for Python. This section describes these structures and how " +"they are used." +msgstr "大量的结构体被用于定义Python的对象类型。这一节描述了这些的结构体和它们的使用方法。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:14 +msgid "Base object types and macros" +msgstr "基本的对象类型和宏" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:16 +msgid "" +"All Python objects ultimately share a small number of fields at the " +"beginning of the object's representation in memory. These are represented " +"by the :c:type:`PyObject` and :c:type:`PyVarObject` types, which are " +"defined, in turn, by the expansions of some macros also used, whether " +"directly or indirectly, in the definition of all other Python objects. " +"Additional macros can be found under :ref:`reference counting " +"`." +msgstr "" +"所有的 Python 对象最终都会在对象的内存表示的开始部分共享少量的字段。 这些字段由 :c:type:`PyObject` 和 " +":c:type:`PyVarObject` 类型来表示，相应地，这些类型又是由一些宏扩展来定义的，它们也直接或间接地被用于所有其他 Python " +"对象的定义。 附加的宏可以在 :ref:`引用计数 ` 下找到。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:26 +msgid "" +"All object types are extensions of this type. This is a type which contains" +" the information Python needs to treat a pointer to an object as an object." +" In a normal \"release\" build, it contains only the object's reference " +"count and a pointer to the corresponding type object. Nothing is actually " +"declared to be a :c:type:`PyObject`, but every pointer to a Python object " +"can be cast to a :c:expr:`PyObject*`. Access to the members must be done by" +" using the macros :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` and :c:macro:`Py_TYPE`." +msgstr "" +"所有对象类型都是此类型的扩展。 这是一个包含了 Python 将对象的指针当作对象来处理所需的信息的类型。 " +"在一个普通的“发行”编译版中，它只包含对象的引用计数和指向对应类型对象的指针。 没有什么对象被实际声明为 " +":c:type:`PyObject`，但每个指向 Python 对象的指针都可以被转换为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。 " +"对成员的访问必须通过使用 :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` 宏来完成。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:38 +msgid "" +"This is an extension of :c:type:`PyObject` that adds the " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field. This is only used for objects that " +"have some notion of *length*. This type does not often appear in the " +"Python/C API. Access to the members must be done by using the macros " +":c:macro:`Py_REFCNT`, :c:macro:`Py_TYPE`, and :c:macro:`Py_SIZE`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个添加了 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段的 :c:type:`PyObject` 扩展。 它仅用于具有某些" +" *长度* 标记的对象。 此类型并不经常在 Python/C API 中出现。 对成员的访问必须通过使用 :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT`, " +":c:macro:`Py_TYPE` 和 :c:macro:`Py_SIZE` 宏来完成。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This is a macro used when declaring new types which represent objects " +"without a varying length. The PyObject_HEAD macro expands to::" +msgstr "这是一个在声明代表无可变长度对象的新类型时所使用的宏。 PyObject_HEAD 宏被扩展为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:50 +msgid "PyObject ob_base;" +msgstr "PyObject ob_base;" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:52 +msgid "See documentation of :c:type:`PyObject` above." +msgstr "参见上面 :c:type:`PyObject` 的文档。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:57 +msgid "" +"This is a macro used when declaring new types which represent objects with a" +" length that varies from instance to instance. The PyObject_VAR_HEAD macro " +"expands to::" +msgstr "这是一个在声明代表每个实例具有可变长度的对象时所使用的宏。 PyObject_VAR_HEAD 宏被扩展为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:61 +msgid "PyVarObject ob_base;" +msgstr "PyVarObject ob_base;" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:63 +msgid "See documentation of :c:type:`PyVarObject` above." +msgstr "参见上面 :c:type:`PyVarObject` 的文档。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The base class of all other objects, the same as :class:`object` in Python." +msgstr "所有其他对象的基类，与 Python 中的 :class:`object` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Test if the *x* object is the *y* object, the same as ``x is y`` in Python." +msgstr "测试 *x* 是否为 *y* 对象，与 Python 中的 ``x is y`` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Test if an object is the ``None`` singleton, the same as ``x is None`` in " +"Python." +msgstr "测试一个对象是否为 ``None`` 单例，与 Python 中的 ``x is None`` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Test if an object is the ``True`` singleton, the same as ``x is True`` in " +"Python." +msgstr "测试一个对象是否为 ``True`` 单例，与 Python 中的 ``x is True`` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Test if an object is the ``False`` singleton, the same as ``x is False`` in " +"Python." +msgstr "测试一个对象是否为 ``False`` 单例，与 Python 中的 ``x is False`` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:104 +msgid "Get the type of the Python object *o*." +msgstr "获取 Python 对象 *o* 的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:106 +msgid "Return a :term:`borrowed reference`." +msgstr "返回一个 :term:`borrowed reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:108 +msgid "Use the :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE` function to set an object type." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE` 函数来设置一个对象类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:110 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_TYPE()` is changed to an inline static function. The parameter " +"type is no longer :c:expr:`const PyObject*`." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_TYPE()` 被改为一个内联的静态函数。 形参类型不再是 :c:expr:`const PyObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the object *o* type is *type*. Return zero otherwise. " +"Equivalent to: ``Py_TYPE(o) == type``." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 的类型为 *type* 则返回非零值。 否则返回零。 等价于: ``Py_TYPE(o) == type``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:125 +msgid "Set the object *o* type to *type*." +msgstr "将对象 *o* 的类型设为 *type*。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:132 +msgid "Get the size of the Python object *o*." +msgstr "获取 Python 对象 *o* 的大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:134 +msgid "Use the :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE` function to set an object size." +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE` 函数来设置一个对象大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:136 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_SIZE()` is changed to an inline static function. The parameter " +"type is no longer :c:expr:`const PyVarObject*`." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_SIZE()` 被改为一个内联静态函数。 形参类型不再是 :c:expr:`const PyVarObject*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:143 +msgid "Set the object *o* size to *size*." +msgstr "将对象 *o* 的大小设为 *size*。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:150 +msgid "" +"This is a macro which expands to initialization values for a new " +":c:type:`PyObject` type. This macro expands to::" +msgstr "这是一个为新的 :c:type:`PyObject` 类型扩展初始化值的宏。 该宏扩展为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:153 +msgid "" +"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n" +"1, type," +msgstr "" +"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n" +"1, type," + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:159 +msgid "" +"This is a macro which expands to initialization values for a new " +":c:type:`PyVarObject` type, including the :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` " +"field. This macro expands to::" +msgstr "" +"这是一个为新的 :c:type:`PyVarObject` 类型扩展初始化值的宏，包括 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size`" +" 字段。 该宏会扩展为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:163 +msgid "" +"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n" +"1, type, size," +msgstr "" +"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n" +"1, type, size," + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:168 +msgid "Implementing functions and methods" +msgstr "实现函数和方法" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Type of the functions used to implement most Python callables in C. " +"Functions of this type take two :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameters and return " +"one such value. If the return value is ``NULL``, an exception shall have " +"been set. If not ``NULL``, the return value is interpreted as the return " +"value of the function as exposed in Python. The function must return a new " +"reference." +msgstr "" +"用于在 C 中实现大多数 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。 该类型的函数接受两个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 形参并返回一个这样的值。 " +"如果返回值为 ``NULL``，则将设置一个异常。 如果不为 ``NULL``，则返回值将被解读为 Python 中暴露的函数的返回值。 " +"此函数必须返回一个新的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:179 +msgid "The function signature is::" +msgstr "函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:181 +msgid "" +"PyObject *PyCFunction(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *args);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *PyCFunction(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *args);" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature" +" :ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS `. The " +"function signature is::" +msgstr "" +"用于在 C 中实现具有 :ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS `" +" 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。 函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:190 +msgid "" +"PyObject *PyCFunctionWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *args,\n" +" PyObject *kwargs);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *PyCFunctionWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *args,\n" +" PyObject *kwargs);" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:197 +msgid "" +"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature" +" :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL`. The function signature is::" +msgstr "用于在 C 中实现具有 :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。 函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:201 +msgid "" +"PyObject *PyCFunctionFast(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *PyCFunctionFast(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs);" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature" +" :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS `. The " +"function signature is::" +msgstr "" +"用于在 C 中实现具有 :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS ` 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。 函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:211 +msgid "" +"PyObject *PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n" +" PyObject *kwnames);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n" +" PyObject *kwnames);" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature" +" :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS `. The function signature is::" +msgstr "" +"用于在 C 中实现具有 :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS ` 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。 函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:222 +msgid "" +"PyObject *PyCMethod(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyTypeObject *defining_class,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n" +" PyObject *kwnames)" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *PyCMethod(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyTypeObject *defining_class,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n" +" PyObject *kwnames)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Structure used to describe a method of an extension type. This structure " +"has four fields:" +msgstr "用于描述一个扩展类型的方法的结构体。 该结构体有四个字段:" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:238 +msgid "Name of the method." +msgstr "方法的名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:242 +msgid "Pointer to the C implementation." +msgstr "指向 C 语言实现的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:246 +msgid "Flags bits indicating how the call should be constructed." +msgstr "指明调用应当如何构建的旗标位。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:250 +msgid "Points to the contents of the docstring." +msgstr "指向文档字符串的内容。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:252 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_meth` is a C function pointer. The functions " +"may be of different types, but they always return :c:expr:`PyObject*`. If " +"the function is not of the :c:type:`PyCFunction`, the compiler will require " +"a cast in the method table. Even though :c:type:`PyCFunction` defines the " +"first parameter as :c:expr:`PyObject*`, it is common that the method " +"implementation uses the specific C type of the *self* object." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_meth` 是一个 C 函数指针。 该函数可以为不同类型，但它们将总是返回 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`。 如果该函数不属于 :c:type:`PyCFunction`，则编译器将要求在方法表中进行转换。 尽管 " +":c:type:`PyCFunction` 将第一个参数定义为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`，但该方法的实现使用 *self* 对象的特定 C" +" 类型也很常见。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:260 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_flags` field is a bitfield which can include " +"the following flags. The individual flags indicate either a calling " +"convention or a binding convention." +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_flags` 字段是可以包含以下旗标的位字段。 每个旗标表示一个调用惯例或绑定惯例。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:265 +msgid "There are these calling conventions:" +msgstr "调用惯例有如下这些:" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:269 +msgid "" +"This is the typical calling convention, where the methods have the type " +":c:type:`PyCFunction`. The function expects two :c:expr:`PyObject*` values. " +"The first one is the *self* object for methods; for module functions, it is " +"the module object. The second parameter (often called *args*) is a tuple " +"object representing all arguments. This parameter is typically processed " +"using :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` or :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple`." +msgstr "" +"这是典型的调用惯例，其中方法的类型为 :c:type:`PyCFunction`。 该函数接受两个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 值。 " +"第一个是用于方法的 *self* 对象；对于模块函数，它将为模块对象。 第二个形参 (常被命名为 *args*) 是一个代表所有参数的元组对象。 " +"该形参通常是使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 或 :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple` 来处理的。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Can only be used in certain combinations with other flags: " +":ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS `, " +":ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS ` and " +":ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS `." +msgstr "" +"只能用于同其他旗标形成特定的组合: :ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS `, :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS ` 和 :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS " +"`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:287 +msgid ":c:expr:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Methods with these flags must be of type :c:type:`PyCFunctionWithKeywords`. " +"The function expects three parameters: *self*, *args*, *kwargs* where " +"*kwargs* is a dictionary of all the keyword arguments or possibly ``NULL`` " +"if there are no keyword arguments. The parameters are typically processed " +"using :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`." +msgstr "" +"带有这些旗标的方法必须为 :c:type:`PyCFunctionWithKeywords` 类型。 该函数接受三个形参: *self*, " +"*args*, *kwargs* 其中 *kwargs* 是一个包含所有关键字参数的字典或者如果没有关键字参数则可以为 ``NULL``。 " +"这些形参通常是使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 来处理的。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Fast calling convention supporting only positional arguments. The methods " +"have the type :c:type:`PyCFunctionFast`. The first parameter is *self*, the " +"second parameter is a C array of :c:expr:`PyObject*` values indicating the " +"arguments and the third parameter is the number of arguments (the length of " +"the array)." +msgstr "" +"快速调用惯例仅支持位置参数。 这些方法的类型为 :c:type:`PyCFunctionFast`。 第一个形参为 " +"*self*，第二个形参是由表示位置参数的由 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 值组成的 C 数组而第三个形参是位置参数的数量（数组的长度）。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:307 +msgid "``METH_FASTCALL`` is now part of the :ref:`stable ABI `." +msgstr "``METH_FASTCALL`` 现在是 :ref:`稳定 ABI ` 的一部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:312 +msgid ":c:expr:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:313 +msgid "" +"Extension of :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` supporting also keyword arguments, " +"with methods of type :c:type:`PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`. Keyword " +"arguments are passed the same way as in the :ref:`vectorcall protocol " +"`: there is an additional fourth :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter " +"which is a tuple representing the names of the keyword arguments (which are " +"guaranteed to be strings) or possibly ``NULL`` if there are no keywords. " +"The values of the keyword arguments are stored in the *args* array, after " +"the positional arguments." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` 的扩展也支持关键字参数，它使用类型为 " +":c:type:`PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords` 的方法。 关键字参数的传递方式与 :ref:`vectorcall 协议 " +"` 中的相同：还存在额外的第四个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` " +"形参，它是一个代表关键字参数名称（它会保证是字符串）的元组，或者如果没有关键字则可以是 ``NULL``。 关键字参数的值存放在 *args* " +"数组中，在位置参数之后。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:328 +msgid "" +"Can only be used in the combination with other flags: :ref:`METH_METHOD | " +"METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS `." +msgstr "" +"只能与其他旗标组合使用: :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS `。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:334 +msgid ":c:expr:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Extension of :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS ` supporting the *defining class*, that is, the class that " +"contains the method in question. The defining class might be a superclass of" +" ``Py_TYPE(self)``." +msgstr "" +":ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS ` 的扩展支持 " +"*定义式类*，也就是包含相应方法的类。 定义式类可以是 ``Py_TYPE(self)`` 的超类。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:340 +msgid "" +"The method needs to be of type :c:type:`PyCMethod`, the same as for " +"``METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`` with ``defining_class`` argument added " +"after ``self``." +msgstr "" +"该方法必须为 :c:type:`PyCMethod` 类型，与在 ``self`` 之后添加了 ``defining_class`` 参数的 " +"``METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`` 一样。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Methods without parameters don't need to check whether arguments are given " +"if they are listed with the :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` flag. They need to be of" +" type :c:type:`PyCFunction`. The first parameter is typically named *self* " +"and will hold a reference to the module or object instance. In all cases " +"the second parameter will be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果通过 :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` 旗标列出了参数则没有形参的方法无需检查是否给出了参数。 它们必须为 " +":c:type:`PyCFunction` 类型。 第一个形参通常被命名为 *self* 并将持有对模块或对象实例的引用。 在所有情况下第二个形参都将为" +" ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:355 +msgid "" +"The function must have 2 parameters. Since the second parameter is unused, " +":c:macro:`Py_UNUSED` can be used to prevent a compiler warning." +msgstr "该函数必须有 2 个形参。 由于第二个形参不会被使用，:c:macro:`Py_UNUSED` 可以被用来防止编译器警告。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:361 +msgid "" +"Methods with a single object argument can be listed with the " +":c:macro:`METH_O` flag, instead of invoking :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` with " +"a ``\"O\"`` argument. They have the type :c:type:`PyCFunction`, with the " +"*self* parameter, and a :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter representing the " +"single argument." +msgstr "" +"具有一个单独对象参数的方法可使用 :c:macro:`METH_O` 旗标列出，而不必唤起 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 并附带" +" ``\"O\"`` 参数。 它们的类型为 :c:type:`PyCFunction`，带有 *self* 形参，以及代表该单独参数的 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` 形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:367 +msgid "" +"These two constants are not used to indicate the calling convention but the " +"binding when use with methods of classes. These may not be used for " +"functions defined for modules. At most one of these flags may be set for " +"any given method." +msgstr "" +"这两个常量不是被用来指明调用惯例而是在配合类方法使用时指明绑定。 它们不会被用于在模块上定义的函数。 对于任何给定方法这些旗标最多只会设置其中一个。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:377 +msgid "" +"The method will be passed the type object as the first parameter rather than" +" an instance of the type. This is used to create *class methods*, similar " +"to what is created when using the :func:`classmethod` built-in function." +msgstr "" +"该方法将接受类型对象而不是类型的实例作为第一个形参。 它会被用于创建 *类方法*，类似于使用 :func:`classmethod` " +"内置函数所创建的结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:387 +msgid "" +"The method will be passed ``NULL`` as the first parameter rather than an " +"instance of the type. This is used to create *static methods*, similar to " +"what is created when using the :func:`staticmethod` built-in function." +msgstr "" +"该方法将接受 ``NULL`` 而不是类型的实例作为第一个形参。 它会被用于创建 *静态方法*，类似于使用 :func:`staticmethod` " +"内置函数所创建的结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:391 +msgid "" +"One other constant controls whether a method is loaded in place of another " +"definition with the same method name." +msgstr "另一个常量控制方法是否将被载入来替代具有相同方法名的另一个定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:397 +msgid "" +"The method will be loaded in place of existing definitions. Without " +"*METH_COEXIST*, the default is to skip repeated definitions. Since slot " +"wrappers are loaded before the method table, the existence of a " +"*sq_contains* slot, for example, would generate a wrapped method named " +":meth:`~object.__contains__` and preclude the loading of a corresponding " +"PyCFunction with the same name. With the flag defined, the PyCFunction will" +" be loaded in place of the wrapper object and will co-exist with the slot. " +"This is helpful because calls to PyCFunctions are optimized more than " +"wrapper object calls." +msgstr "" +"该方法将被加载以替代现有的定义。 如果没有 *METH_COEXIST*，默认将跳过重复的定义。 由于槽位包装器会在方法表之前被加载，例如 当存在 " +"*sq_contains* 槽位时，将会生成一个名为 :meth:`~object.__contains__` 的已包装方法并阻止加载同名的相应 " +"PyCFunction。 如果定义了此旗标，PyCFunction 将被加载以替代此包装器对象并与槽位共存。 因为对 PyCFunction " +"的调用相比对包装器对象调用更为优化所以这是很有帮助的。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Turn *ml* into a Python :term:`callable` object. The caller must ensure that" +" *ml* outlives the :term:`callable`. Typically, *ml* is defined as a static " +"variable." +msgstr "" +"将 *ml* 转为一个 Python :term:`callable` 对象。 调用方必须确保 *ml* 的生命期长于 " +":term:`callable`。 通常，*ml* 会被定义为一个静态变量。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:413 +msgid "" +"The *self* parameter will be passed as the *self* argument to the C function" +" in ``ml->ml_meth`` when invoked. *self* can be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"*self* 形参将在唤起时作为 ``ml->ml_meth`` 中 C 函数的 *self* 参数传入。 *self* 可以为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:417 +msgid "" +"The :term:`callable` object's ``__module__`` attribute can be set from the " +"given *module* argument. *module* should be a Python string, which will be " +"used as name of the module the function is defined in. If unavailable, it " +"can be set to :const:`None` or ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +":term:`callable` 对象的 ``__module__`` 属性可以根据给定的 *module* 参数来设置。 *module* 应为一个 " +"Python 字符串，它将被用作函数定义所在的模块名称。 如果不可用，它将被设为 :const:`None` 或 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:423 +msgid ":attr:`function.__module__`" +msgstr ":attr:`function.__module__`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:425 +msgid "" +"The *cls* parameter will be passed as the *defining_class* argument to the C" +" function. Must be set if :c:macro:`METH_METHOD` is set on ``ml->ml_flags``." +msgstr "" +"*cls* 形参将被作为 C 函数的 *defining_class* 参数传入。 如果在 ``ml->ml_flags`` 上设置了 " +":c:macro:`METH_METHOD` 则必须设置该形参。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:434 +msgid "Equivalent to ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, module, NULL)``." +msgstr "等价于 ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, module, NULL)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:439 +msgid "Equivalent to ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, NULL, NULL)``." +msgstr "等价于 ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, NULL, NULL)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:443 +msgid "Accessing attributes of extension types" +msgstr "访问扩展类型的属性" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:447 +msgid "" +"Structure which describes an attribute of a type which corresponds to a C " +"struct member. When defining a class, put a NULL-terminated array of these " +"structures in the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` slot." +msgstr "" +"描述某个 C 结构成员对应类型的属性的结构体。 在定义类时，要把由这些结构组成的以 NULL 结尾的数组 放在 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` 槽位中。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:452 +msgid "Its fields are, in order:" +msgstr "其中的字段及顺序如下:" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:456 +msgid "" +"Name of the member. A NULL value marks the end of a ``PyMemberDef[]`` array." +msgstr "成员名称。 NULL 值表示 ``PyMemberDef[]`` 数组的结束。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:459 +msgid "The string should be static, no copy is made of it." +msgstr "字符串应当是静态的，它不会被复制。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:463 +msgid "" +"The type of the member in the C struct. See :ref:`PyMemberDef-types` for the" +" possible values." +msgstr "C 结构体中成员的类型。 请参阅 :ref:`PyMemberDef-types` 了解可能的取值。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:468 +msgid "" +"The offset in bytes that the member is located on the type’s object struct." +msgstr "成员在类型的对象结构体中所在位置的以字节为单位的偏移量。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:472 +msgid "" +"Zero or more of the :ref:`PyMemberDef-flags`, combined using bitwise OR." +msgstr "零个或多个 :ref:`PyMemberDef-flags`，使用按位或运算进行组合。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:476 +msgid "" +"The docstring, or NULL. The string should be static, no copy is made of it. " +"Typically, it is defined using :c:macro:`PyDoc_STR`." +msgstr "文档字符串，或者为空。 该字符串应当是静态的，它不会被拷贝。 通常，它是使用 :c:macro:`PyDoc_STR` 来定义的。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:480 +msgid "" +"By default (when :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` is ``0``), members allow " +"both read and write access. Use the :c:macro:`Py_READONLY` flag for read-" +"only access. Certain types, like :c:macro:`Py_T_STRING`, imply " +":c:macro:`Py_READONLY`. Only :c:macro:`Py_T_OBJECT_EX` (and legacy " +":c:macro:`T_OBJECT`) members can be deleted." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下 (当 :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` 为 ``0`` 时)，成员同时允许读取和写入访问。 使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_READONLY` 旗标表示只读访问。 某些类型，如 :c:macro:`Py_T_STRING`，隐含要求 " +":c:macro:`Py_READONLY`。 只有 :c:macro:`Py_T_OBJECT_EX` (以及旧式的 " +":c:macro:`T_OBJECT`) 成员可以删除。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:489 +msgid "" +"For heap-allocated types (created using :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` or " +"similar), ``PyMemberDef`` may contain a definition for the special member " +"``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"``, corresponding to " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` in type objects. These must " +"be defined with ``Py_T_PYSSIZET`` and ``Py_READONLY``, for example::" +msgstr "" +"对于堆分配类型（使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 或类似函数创建），``PyMemberDef`` 可能包含特殊成员 " +"``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"`` 的定义，与类型对象中的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` 相对应。 它们必须用 ``Py_T_PYSSIZET`` " +"和 ``Py_READONLY`` 来定义，例如::" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:495 +msgid "" +"static PyMemberDef spam_type_members[] = {\n" +" {\"__vectorcalloffset__\", Py_T_PYSSIZET,\n" +" offsetof(Spam_object, vectorcall), Py_READONLY},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyMemberDef spam_type_members[] = {\n" +" {\"__vectorcalloffset__\", Py_T_PYSSIZET,\n" +" offsetof(Spam_object, vectorcall), Py_READONLY},\n" +" {NULL} /* 哨兵 */\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:501 +msgid "(You may need to ``#include `` for :c:func:`!offsetof`.)" +msgstr "（您可能需要为 :c:func:`!offsetof` 添加 ``#include ``。）" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:503 +msgid "" +"The legacy offsets :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` can be defined similarly using " +"``\"__dictoffset__\"`` and ``\"__weaklistoffset__\"`` members, but " +"extensions are strongly encouraged to use :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT`" +" and :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` instead." +msgstr "" +"旧式的偏移量 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 可使用 ``\"__dictoffset__\"`` 和 " +"``\"__weaklistoffset__\"`` 成员进行类似的定义，但强烈建议扩展程序改用 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:511 +msgid "" +"``PyMemberDef`` is always available. Previously, it required including " +"``\"structmember.h\"``." +msgstr "``PyMemberDef`` 将始终可用。在之前版本中，它需要包括 ``\"structmember.h\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Get an attribute belonging to the object at address *obj_addr*. The " +"attribute is described by ``PyMemberDef`` *m*. Returns ``NULL`` on error." +msgstr "" +"获取属于地址Get an attribute belonging to the object at address *obj_addr* " +"上的对象的某个属性。 该属性是以 ``PyMemberDef`` *m* 来描述的。 出错时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:522 +msgid "" +"``PyMember_GetOne`` is always available. Previously, it required including " +"``\"structmember.h\"``." +msgstr "``PyMember_GetOne`` 将总是可用。 在之前版本中，它需要包括 ``\"structmember.h\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:527 +msgid "" +"Set an attribute belonging to the object at address *obj_addr* to object " +"*o*. The attribute to set is described by ``PyMemberDef`` *m*. Returns " +"``0`` if successful and a negative value on failure." +msgstr "" +"将属于位于地址 *obj_addr* 的对象的属性设置到对象 *o*。 要设置的属性由 ``PyMemberDef`` *m* 描述。 成功时返回 " +"``0`` 而失败时返回负值。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:533 +msgid "" +"``PyMember_SetOne`` is always available. Previously, it required including " +"``\"structmember.h\"``." +msgstr "``PyMember_SetOne`` 将总是可用。 在之前版本中，它需要包括 ``\"structmember.h\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:539 +msgid "Member flags" +msgstr "成员旗标" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:541 +msgid "The following flags can be used with :c:member:`PyMemberDef.flags`:" +msgstr "以下旗标可被用于 :c:member:`PyMemberDef.flags`:" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:545 +msgid "Not writable." +msgstr "不可写入。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:549 +msgid "" +"Emit an ``object.__getattr__`` :ref:`audit event ` before " +"reading." +msgstr "在读取之前发出一个 ``object.__getattr__`` :ref:`审计事件 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Indicates that the :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.offset` of this ``PyMemberDef`` " +"entry indicates an offset from the subclass-specific data, rather than from " +"``PyObject``." +msgstr "" +"表示该 ``PyMemberDef`` 条目的 :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.offset` " +"是指明来自子类专属数据的偏移量，而不是来自 ``PyObject`` 的偏移量。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:558 +msgid "" +"Can only be used as part of :c:member:`Py_tp_members " +"` :c:type:`slot ` when creating a " +"class using negative :c:member:`~PyType_Spec.basicsize`. It is mandatory in " +"that case." +msgstr "" +"只能在使用负的 :c:member:`~PyType_Spec.basicsize` 创建类时被用作 :c:member:`Py_tp_members " +"` :c:type:`槽位 ` 的组成部分。 它在此种情况下是强制要求。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:563 +msgid "" +"This flag is only used in :c:type:`PyType_Slot`. When setting " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` during class creation, Python clears it" +" and sets :c:member:`PyMemberDef.offset` to the offset from the ``PyObject``" +" struct." +msgstr "" +"这个旗标只能在 :c:type:`PyType_Slot` 中使用。 在类创建期间设置 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` 时，Python 会清除它并将 " +":c:member:`PyMemberDef.offset` 设为相对于 ``PyObject`` 结构体的偏移量。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:575 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`!RESTRICTED`, :c:macro:`!READ_RESTRICTED` and " +":c:macro:`!WRITE_RESTRICTED` macros available with ``#include " +"\"structmember.h\"`` are deprecated. :c:macro:`!READ_RESTRICTED` and " +":c:macro:`!RESTRICTED` are equivalent to :c:macro:`Py_AUDIT_READ`; " +":c:macro:`!WRITE_RESTRICTED` does nothing." +msgstr "" +"通过 ``#include \"structmember.h\"`` 提供的 " +":c:macro:`!RESTRICTED`、:c:macro:`!READ_RESTRICTED` 和 " +":c:macro:`!WRITE_RESTRICTED` 宏已被弃用。 :c:macro:`!READ_RESTRICTED` 和 " +":c:macro:`!RESTRICTED` 等同于 " +":c:macro:`Py_AUDIT_READ`；:c:macro:`!WRITE_RESTRICTED` 则没有任何作用。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:586 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`!READONLY` macro was renamed to :c:macro:`Py_READONLY`. The " +":c:macro:`!PY_AUDIT_READ` macro was renamed with the ``Py_`` prefix. The new" +" names are now always available. Previously, these required ``#include " +"\"structmember.h\"``. The header is still available and it provides the old " +"names." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`!READONLY` 宏被更名为 :c:macro:`Py_READONLY`。 :c:macro:`!PY_AUDIT_READ`" +" 宏被更名为 ``Py_`` 前缀。 新名称现在将始终可用。 在之前的版本中，这些名称需要 ``#include " +"\"structmember.h\"``。该头文件仍然可用并提供了原有的名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:595 +msgid "Member types" +msgstr "成员类型" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:597 +msgid "" +":c:member:`PyMemberDef.type` can be one of the following macros " +"corresponding to various C types. When the member is accessed in Python, it " +"will be converted to the equivalent Python type. When it is set from Python," +" it will be converted back to the C type. If that is not possible, an " +"exception such as :exc:`TypeError` or :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`PyMemberDef.type` 可以是下列与各种 C 类型相对应的宏之一。 在 Python " +"中访问该成员时，它将被转换为对应的 Python 类型。 当从 Python 设置成员时，它将被转换回 C 类型。 如果无法转换，则会引发一个异常如 " +":exc:`TypeError` 或 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:605 +msgid "" +"Unless marked (D), attributes defined this way cannot be deleted using e.g. " +":keyword:`del` or :py:func:`delattr`." +msgstr "除非标记为 (D)，否则不能使用 :keyword:`del` 或 :py:func:`delattr` 删除以这种方式定义的属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:609 +msgid "Macro name" +msgstr "宏名称" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:609 +msgid "C type" +msgstr "C 类型" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:609 +msgid "Python type" +msgstr "Python 类型" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:611 +msgid ":c:expr:`char`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`char`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:611 ../../c-api/structures.rst:612 +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:613 ../../c-api/structures.rst:614 +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:615 ../../c-api/structures.rst:616 +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:617 ../../c-api/structures.rst:618 +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:619 ../../c-api/structures.rst:620 +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:621 +msgid ":py:class:`int`" +msgstr ":py:class:`int`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:612 +msgid ":c:expr:`short`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`short`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:613 +msgid ":c:expr:`int`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`int`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:614 +msgid ":c:expr:`long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:615 +msgid ":c:expr:`long long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long long`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:616 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned char`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned char`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:617 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned int`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned int`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:618 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned short`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned short`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:619 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned long`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:620 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned long long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned long long`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:621 +msgid ":c:expr:`Py_ssize_t`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`Py_ssize_t`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:622 +msgid ":c:expr:`float`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`float`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:622 ../../c-api/structures.rst:623 +msgid ":py:class:`float`" +msgstr ":py:class:`float`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:623 +msgid ":c:expr:`double`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`double`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:624 +msgid ":c:expr:`char` (written as 0 or 1)" +msgstr ":c:expr:`char` (写为 0 或 1)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:624 +msgid ":py:class:`bool`" +msgstr ":py:class:`bool`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:626 +msgid ":c:expr:`const char *` (*)" +msgstr ":c:expr:`const char *` (*)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:626 ../../c-api/structures.rst:627 +msgid ":py:class:`str` (RO)" +msgstr ":py:class:`str` (RO)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:627 +msgid ":c:expr:`const char[]` (*)" +msgstr ":c:expr:`const char[]` (*)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:628 +msgid ":c:expr:`char` (0-127)" +msgstr ":c:expr:`char` (0-127)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:628 +msgid ":py:class:`str` (**)" +msgstr ":py:class:`str` (**)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:629 +msgid ":c:expr:`PyObject *`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`PyObject *`" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:629 +msgid ":py:class:`object` (D)" +msgstr ":py:class:`object` (D)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:632 +msgid "" +"(*): Zero-terminated, UTF8-encoded C string. With :c:macro:`!Py_T_STRING` " +"the C representation is a pointer; with :c:macro:`!Py_T_STRING_INPLACE` the " +"string is stored directly in the structure." +msgstr "" +"(*): 以零结束的 UTF8 编码的 C 字符串。 使用 :c:macro:`!Py_T_STRING` 时的 C 表示形式是一个指针；使用 " +":c:macro:`!Py_T_STRING_INPLACE` 时字符串将直接存储在结构体中。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:637 +msgid "(**): String of length 1. Only ASCII is accepted." +msgstr "(**): 长度为 1 的字符串。 只接受 ASCII 字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:639 +msgid "(RO): Implies :c:macro:`Py_READONLY`." +msgstr "(RO)：表示 :c:macro:`Py_READONLY`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:641 +msgid "" +"(D): Can be deleted, in which case the pointer is set to ``NULL``. Reading a" +" ``NULL`` pointer raises :py:exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"(D)：可以删除，在这种情况下指针会被设为 ``NULL``。 读取 ``NULL`` 指针会引发 :py:exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:667 +msgid "" +"In previous versions, the macros were only available with ``#include " +"\"structmember.h\"`` and were named without the ``Py_`` prefix (e.g. as " +"``T_INT``). The header is still available and contains the old names, along " +"with the following deprecated types:" +msgstr "" +"在之前的版本中，这些宏仅通过 ``#include \"structmember.h\"`` 提供并且其名称不带 ``Py_`` 前缀 (例如 " +"``T_INT``)。 头文件仍然可用并包含这些旧名称，以及下列已被弃用的类型：" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:675 +msgid "" +"Like ``Py_T_OBJECT_EX``, but ``NULL`` is converted to ``None``. This results" +" in surprising behavior in Python: deleting the attribute effectively sets " +"it to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"与 ``Py_T_OBJECT_EX`` 类似，但 ``NULL`` 会被转换为 ``None``。 这将在 Python " +"中产生令人吃惊的行为：删除该属性实际上会将其设置为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:681 +msgid "Always ``None``. Must be used with :c:macro:`Py_READONLY`." +msgstr "总是为 ``None``。 必须与 :c:macro:`Py_READONLY` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:684 +msgid "Defining Getters and Setters" +msgstr "定义读取器和设置器" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:688 +msgid "" +"Structure to define property-like access for a type. See also description of" +" the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_getset` slot." +msgstr "" +"用于定义针对某个类型的特征属性式的访问的结构体。 另请参阅 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_getset` 槽位的描述。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:693 +msgid "attribute name" +msgstr "属性名称" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:697 +msgid "C function to get the attribute." +msgstr "用于获取属性的 C 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:701 +msgid "" +"Optional C function to set or delete the attribute. If ``NULL``, the " +"attribute is read-only." +msgstr "可选的用于设置或删除属性的 C 函数。 如为 ``NULL``，则属性将是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:706 +msgid "optional docstring" +msgstr "可选的文档字符串" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:710 +msgid "" +"Optional user data pointer, providing additional data for getter and setter." +msgstr "可选的用户数据指针，为 getter 和 setter 提供附加数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:714 +msgid "" +"The ``get`` function takes one :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter (the instance) " +"and a user data pointer (the associated ``closure``):" +msgstr "" +"``get`` 函数接受一个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 形参 (相应的实例) 和一个用户数据指针 (关联的 ``closure``):" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:717 +msgid "" +"It should return a new reference on success or ``NULL`` with a set exception" +" on failure." +msgstr "它应当在成功时返回一个新的引用或在失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:722 +msgid "" +"``set`` functions take two :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameters (the instance and " +"the value to be set) and a user data pointer (the associated ``closure``):" +msgstr "" +"``set`` 函数接受两个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 形参 (相应的实例和要设置的值) 和一个用户数据指针 (关联的 " +"``closure``):" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:725 +msgid "" +"In case the attribute should be deleted the second parameter is ``NULL``. " +"Should return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` with a set exception on failure." +msgstr "对于属性要被删除的情况第二个形参应为 ``NULL``。 成功时应返回 ``0`` 或在失败时返回 ``-1`` 并设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:375 ../../c-api/structures.rst:385 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:375 +msgid "classmethod" +msgstr "类方法" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:385 +msgid "staticmethod" +msgstr "静态方法" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:568 +msgid "READ_RESTRICTED (C macro)" +msgstr "READ_RESTRICTED (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:568 +msgid "WRITE_RESTRICTED (C macro)" +msgstr "WRITE_RESTRICTED (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:568 +msgid "RESTRICTED (C macro)" +msgstr "RESTRICTED (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:581 +msgid "READONLY (C macro)" +msgstr "READONLY (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_BYTE (C macro)" +msgstr "T_BYTE (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_SHORT (C macro)" +msgstr "T_SHORT (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_INT (C macro)" +msgstr "T_INT (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_LONG (C macro)" +msgstr "T_LONG (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_LONGLONG (C macro)" +msgstr "T_LONGLONG (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_UBYTE (C macro)" +msgstr "T_UBYTE (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_USHORT (C macro)" +msgstr "T_USHORT (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_UINT (C macro)" +msgstr "T_UINT (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_ULONG (C macro)" +msgstr "T_ULONG (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_ULONGULONG (C macro)" +msgstr "T_ULONGULONG (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_PYSSIZET (C macro)" +msgstr "T_PYSSIZET (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_FLOAT (C macro)" +msgstr "T_FLOAT (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_DOUBLE (C macro)" +msgstr "T_DOUBLE (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_BOOL (C macro)" +msgstr "T_BOOL (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_CHAR (C macro)" +msgstr "T_CHAR (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_STRING (C macro)" +msgstr "T_STRING (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_STRING_INPLACE (C macro)" +msgstr "T_STRING_INPLACE (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "T_OBJECT_EX (C macro)" +msgstr "T_OBJECT_EX (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:644 +msgid "structmember.h" +msgstr "structmember.h" diff --git a/c-api/sys.po b/c-api/sys.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..558488f6f --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/sys.po @@ -0,0 +1,617 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:6 +msgid "Operating System Utilities" +msgstr "操作系统实用工具" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Return the file system representation for *path*. If the object is a " +":class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object, then a new :term:`strong reference` " +"is returned. If the object implements the :class:`os.PathLike` interface, " +"then :meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` is returned as long as it is a " +":class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object. Otherwise :exc:`TypeError` is raised " +"and ``NULL`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回 *path* 在文件系统中的表示形式。 如果该对象是一个 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象，则返回一个新的 " +":term:`strong reference`。 如果对象实现了 :class:`os.PathLike` 接口，则只要它是一个 " +":class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象就将返回 :meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__`。 " +"在其他情况下将引发 :exc:`TypeError` 并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return true (nonzero) if the standard I/O file *fp* with name *filename* is " +"deemed interactive. This is the case for files for which " +"``isatty(fileno(fp))`` is true. If the :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` is " +"non-zero, this function also returns true if the *filename* pointer is " +"``NULL`` or if the name is equal to one of the strings ``''`` or " +"``'???'``." +msgstr "" +"如果名称为 *filename* 的标准Return true (nonzero) if the standard I/O 文件 *fp* " +"被确认为可交互的则返回真（非零）值。 所有 ``isatty(fileno(fp))`` 为真值的文件都属于这种情况。 如果 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` 为非零值，此函数在 *filename* 指针为 ``NULL`` " +"或者其名称等于字符串 ``''`` 或 ``'???'`` 之一时也将返回真值。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:30 +msgid "This function must not be called before Python is initialized." +msgstr "此函数不可在 Python 被初始化之前调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Function to prepare some internal state before a process fork. This should " +"be called before calling :c:func:`fork` or any similar function that clones " +"the current process. Only available on systems where :c:func:`fork` is " +"defined." +msgstr "" +"在进程分叉之前准备某些内部状态的函数。 此函数应当在调用 :c:func:`fork` 或者任何类似的克隆当前进程的函数之前被调用。 只适用于定义了 " +":c:func:`fork` 的系统。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:41 +msgid "" +"The C :c:func:`fork` call should only be made from the :ref:`\"main\" thread" +" ` (of the :ref:`\"main\" interpreter `). The same is true for ``PyOS_BeforeFork()``." +msgstr "" +"C :c:func:`fork` 调用应当只在 :ref:`\"main\" 线程 ` (位于 " +":ref:`\"main\" 解释器 `) 中进行。 对于 ``PyOS_BeforeFork()``" +" 来说也是如此。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Function to update some internal state after a process fork. This should be" +" called from the parent process after calling :c:func:`fork` or any similar " +"function that clones the current process, regardless of whether process " +"cloning was successful. Only available on systems where :c:func:`fork` is " +"defined." +msgstr "" +"在进程分叉之后更新某些内部状态的函数。 此函数应当在调用 :c:func:`fork` 或任何类似的克隆当前进程的函数之后被调用，无论进程克隆是否成功。" +" 只适用于定义了 :c:func:`fork` 的系统。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:58 +msgid "" +"The C :c:func:`fork` call should only be made from the :ref:`\"main\" thread" +" ` (of the :ref:`\"main\" interpreter `). The same is true for ``PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()``." +msgstr "" +"C :c:func:`fork` 调用应当只在 :ref:`\"main\" 线程 ` (位于 " +":ref:`\"main\" 解释器 `) 中进行。 对于 " +"``PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()`` 来说也是如此。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Function to update internal interpreter state after a process fork. This " +"must be called from the child process after calling :c:func:`fork`, or any " +"similar function that clones the current process, if there is any chance the" +" process will call back into the Python interpreter. Only available on " +"systems where :c:func:`fork` is defined." +msgstr "" +"在进程分叉之后更新内部解释器状态的函数。 此函数必须在调用 :c:func:`fork` " +"或任何类似的克隆当前进程的函数之后在子进程中被调用，如果该进程有机会回调到 Python 解释器的话。 只适用于定义了 :c:func:`fork` " +"的系统。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:75 +msgid "" +"The C :c:func:`fork` call should only be made from the :ref:`\"main\" thread" +" ` (of the :ref:`\"main\" interpreter `). The same is true for ``PyOS_AfterFork_Child()``." +msgstr "" +"C :c:func:`fork` 调用应当只在 :ref:`\"main\" 线程 ` (位于 " +":ref:`\"main\" 解释器 `) 中进行。 对于 " +"``PyOS_AfterFork_Child()`` 来说也是如此。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:83 +msgid "" +":func:`os.register_at_fork` allows registering custom Python functions to be" +" called by :c:func:`PyOS_BeforeFork()`, :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Parent` and" +" :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`." +msgstr "" +":func:`os.register_at_fork` 允许注册可被 :c:func:`PyOS_BeforeFork()`, " +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Parent` 和 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` 调用的自定义 " +"Python 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Function to update some internal state after a process fork; this should be " +"called in the new process if the Python interpreter will continue to be " +"used. If a new executable is loaded into the new process, this function does" +" not need to be called." +msgstr "" +"在进程分叉之后更新某些内部状态的函数；如果要继续使用 Python 解释器则此函数应当在新进程中被调用。 " +"如果已将一个新的可执行文件载入到新进程中，则不需要调用此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:95 +msgid "This function is superseded by :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child()`." +msgstr "此函数已被 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child()` 取代。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Return true when the interpreter runs out of stack space. This is a " +"reliable check, but is only available when :c:macro:`!USE_STACKCHECK` is " +"defined (currently on certain versions of Windows using the Microsoft Visual" +" C++ compiler). :c:macro:`!USE_STACKCHECK` will be defined automatically; " +"you should never change the definition in your own code." +msgstr "" +"当解释器耗尽栈空间时返回真值。 这是一个可靠的检测，但仅在定义了 :c:macro:`!USE_STACKCHECK` 时可用（目前是在使用 " +"Microsoft Visual C++ 编译器的特定 Windows 版本上）。 :c:macro:`!USE_STACKCHECK` " +"将被自动定义；你绝不应该在你自己的代码中改变此定义。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Return the current signal handler for signal *i*. This is a thin wrapper " +"around either :c:func:`!sigaction` or :c:func:`!signal`. Do not call those " +"functions directly!" +msgstr "" +"返回信号 *i* 当前的信号处理器。 这是一个对 :c:func:`!sigaction` 或 :c:func:`!signal` 的简单包装器。 " +"请不要直接调用这两个函数！" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Set the signal handler for signal *i* to be *h*; return the old signal " +"handler. This is a thin wrapper around either :c:func:`!sigaction` or " +":c:func:`!signal`. Do not call those functions directly!" +msgstr "" +"将信号 *i* 的信号处理器设为 *h*；返回原来的信号处理器。 这是一个对 :c:func:`!sigaction` 或 " +":c:func:`!signal` 的简单包装器。 请不要直接调用这两个函数！" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:129 +msgid "" +"This function should not be called directly: use the :c:type:`PyConfig` API " +"with the :c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesString` function which ensures that " +":ref:`Python is preinitialized `." +msgstr "" +"此函数不应当被直接调用：请使用 :c:type:`PyConfig` API 以及可确保 :ref:`对 Python 进行预初始化 " +"` 的 :c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesString` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:133 ../../c-api/sys.rst:200 +msgid "" +"This function must not be called before :ref:`Python is preinitialized " +"` and so that the LC_CTYPE locale is properly configured: see the" +" :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` function." +msgstr "" +"此函数不可在This function must not be called before :ref:`对 Python 进行预初始化 " +"` 之前被调用以便正确地配置 LC_CTYPE 语言区域：请参阅 :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Decode a byte string from the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +" If the error handler is :ref:`surrogateescape error handler " +"`, undecodable bytes are decoded as characters in range " +"U+DC80..U+DCFF; and if a byte sequence can be decoded as a surrogate " +"character, the bytes are escaped using the surrogateescape error handler " +"instead of decoding them." +msgstr "" +"使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 来解码一个字节串。 如果错误处理器为 " +":ref:`surrogateescape 错误处理器 `，则不可解码的字节将被解码为 U+DC80..U+DCFF " +"范围内的字符；而如果一个字节序列可被解码为代理字符，则其中的字节会使用 surrogateescape 错误处理器来转义而不是解码它们。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:144 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to a newly allocated wide character string, use " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree` to free the memory. If size is not ``NULL``, write " +"the number of wide characters excluding the null character into ``*size``" +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向新分配的由宽字符组成的字符串的指针，使用 :c:func:`PyMem_RawFree` 来释放内存。 如果 size 不为 " +"``NULL``，则将排除了 null 字符的宽字符数量写入到 ``*size``" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Return ``NULL`` on decoding error or memory allocation error. If *size* is " +"not ``NULL``, ``*size`` is set to ``(size_t)-1`` on memory error or set to " +"``(size_t)-2`` on decoding error." +msgstr "" +"在解码错误或内存分配错误时返回 ``NULL``。 如果 *size* 不为 ``NULL``，则 ``*size`` 将在内存错误时设为 " +"``(size_t)-1`` 或在解码错误时设为 ``(size_t)-2``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:152 ../../c-api/sys.rst:192 +msgid "" +"The :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` are selected by " +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read`: see :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` and " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` members of :c:type:`PyConfig`." +msgstr "" +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 是由 :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` " +"来选择的: 参见 :c:type:`PyConfig` 的 :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` 等成员。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Decoding errors should never happen, unless there is a bug in the C library." +msgstr "解码错误绝对不应当发生，除非 C 库有程序缺陷。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Use the :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` function to encode the character string " +"back to a byte string." +msgstr "请使用 :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` 函数来将字符串编码回字节串。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:164 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize` functions." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize` 和 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:169 ../../c-api/sys.rst:211 +msgid "" +"The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding in the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode " +"`." +msgstr "现在此函数在 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` 下将使用 UTF-8 编码格式。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:173 +msgid "" +"The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding on Windows if " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` is zero;" +msgstr "" +"现在如果在 Windows 上 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` 为零则此函数将使用" +" UTF-8 编码格式；" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Encode a wide character string to the :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler`. If the error handler is :ref:`surrogateescape error handler " +"`, surrogate characters in the range U+DC80..U+DCFF are " +"converted to bytes 0x80..0xFF." +msgstr "" +"将一个由宽字符组成的字符串编码为 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`。 如果错误处理器为 " +":ref:`surrogateescape 错误处理器 `，则在 U+DC80..U+DCFF " +"范围内的代理字符会被转换为字节值 0x80..0xFF。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to a newly allocated byte string, use :c:func:`PyMem_Free` " +"to free the memory. Return ``NULL`` on encoding error or memory allocation " +"error." +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向新分配的字节串的指针，使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 来释放内存。 当发生编码错误或内存分配错误时返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:189 +msgid "" +"If error_pos is not ``NULL``, ``*error_pos`` is set to ``(size_t)-1`` on " +"success, or set to the index of the invalid character on encoding error." +msgstr "" +"如果 error_pos 不为 ``NULL``，则成功时会将 ``*error_pos`` 设为 " +"``(size_t)-1``，或是在发生编码错误时设为无效字符的索引号。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:196 +msgid "" +"Use the :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` function to decode the bytes string back " +"to a wide character string." +msgstr "请使用 :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 函数来将字节串解码回由宽字符组成的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:206 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale`" +" functions." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:215 +msgid "" +"The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding on Windows if " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` is zero." +msgstr "" +"现在如果在 Windows 上 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` 为零则此函数将使用" +" UTF-8 编码格式。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:223 +msgid "System Functions" +msgstr "系统功能" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:225 +msgid "" +"These are utility functions that make functionality from the :mod:`sys` " +"module accessible to C code. They all work with the current interpreter " +"thread's :mod:`sys` module's dict, which is contained in the internal thread" +" state structure." +msgstr "" +"这些是使来自 :mod:`sys` 模块的功能可以让 C 代码访问的工具函数。 它们都可用于当前解释器线程的 :mod:`sys` " +"模块的字典，该字典包含在内部线程状态结构体中。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Return the object *name* from the :mod:`sys` module or ``NULL`` if it does " +"not exist, without setting an exception." +msgstr "返回来自 :mod:`sys` 模块的对象 *name* 或者如果它不存在则返回 ``NULL``，并且不会设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Set *name* in the :mod:`sys` module to *v* unless *v* is ``NULL``, in which " +"case *name* is deleted from the sys module. Returns ``0`` on success, ``-1``" +" on error." +msgstr "" +"将 :mod:`sys` 模块中的 *name* 设为 *v* 除非 *v* 为 ``NULL``，在此情况下 *name* 将从 sys " +"模块中被删除。 成功时返回 ``0``，发生错误时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:242 +msgid "" +"Reset :data:`sys.warnoptions` to an empty list. This function may be called " +"prior to :c:func:`Py_Initialize`." +msgstr "" +"将 :data:`sys.warnoptions` 重置为空列表。 此函数可在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:245 +msgid "Clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and :data:`!warnings.filters` instead." +msgstr "改为清除 :data:`sys.warnoptions` 和 :data:`!warnings.filters`。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Write the output string described by *format* to :data:`sys.stdout`. No " +"exceptions are raised, even if truncation occurs (see below)." +msgstr "将以 *format* 描述的输出字符串写入到 :data:`sys.stdout`。 不会引发任何异常，即使发生了截断（见下文）。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:253 +msgid "" +"*format* should limit the total size of the formatted output string to 1000 " +"bytes or less -- after 1000 bytes, the output string is truncated. In " +"particular, this means that no unrestricted \"%s\" formats should occur; " +"these should be limited using \"%.s\" where is a decimal number " +"calculated so that plus the maximum size of other formatted text does " +"not exceed 1000 bytes. Also watch out for \"%f\", which can print hundreds " +"of digits for very large numbers." +msgstr "" +"*format* 应当将已格式化的输出字符串的总大小限制在 1000 字节以下 -- 超过 1000 字节后，输出字符串会被截断。 " +"特别地，这意味着不应出现不受限制的 \"%s\" 格式；它们应当使用 \"%.s\" 来限制，其中 是一个经计算使得 " +"与其他已格式化文本的最大尺寸之和不会超过 1000 字节的十进制数字。 还要注意 \"%f\"，它可能为非常大的数字打印出数以百计的数位。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:261 +msgid "" +"If a problem occurs, or :data:`sys.stdout` is unset, the formatted message " +"is written to the real (C level) *stdout*." +msgstr "如果发生了错误，:data:`sys.stdout` 会被清空，已格式化的消息将被写入到真正的 (C 层级) *stdout*。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:266 +msgid "" +"As :c:func:`PySys_WriteStdout`, but write to :data:`sys.stderr` or *stderr* " +"instead." +msgstr "类似 :c:func:`PySys_WriteStdout`，但改为写入到 :data:`sys.stderr` 或 *stderr*。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:271 +msgid "" +"Function similar to PySys_WriteStdout() but format the message using " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` and don't truncate the message to an " +"arbitrary length." +msgstr "" +"类似 PySys_WriteStdout() 的函数将会使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` " +"来格式化消息并且不会将消息截短至任意长度。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:279 +msgid "" +"As :c:func:`PySys_FormatStdout`, but write to :data:`sys.stderr` or *stderr*" +" instead." +msgstr "类似 :c:func:`PySys_FormatStdout`，但改为写入到 :data:`sys.stderr` 或 *stderr*。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:286 +msgid "" +"Return the current dictionary of :option:`-X` options, similarly to " +":data:`sys._xoptions`. On error, ``NULL`` is returned and an exception is " +"set." +msgstr "" +"返回当前 :option:`-X` 选项的字典，类似于 :data:`sys._xoptions`。 发生错误时，将返回 ``NULL`` " +"并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Raise an auditing event with any active hooks. Return zero for success and " +"non-zero with an exception set on failure." +msgstr "引发一个审计事件并附带任何激活的钩子。 成功时返回零值或在失败时返回非零值并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:298 +msgid "The *event* string argument must not be *NULL*." +msgstr "*event* 字符串参数必须不为 *NULL*。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:300 +msgid "" +"If any hooks have been added, *format* and other arguments will be used to " +"construct a tuple to pass. Apart from ``N``, the same format characters as " +"used in :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` are available. If the built value is not a " +"tuple, it will be added into a single-element tuple." +msgstr "" +"如果已添加了任何钩子，则将使用 *format* 和其他参数来构造一个要传入的元组。 除 ``N`` 以外，还可使用在 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 中使用的相同格式字符。 如果构建的值不是一个元组，它将被添加到一个单元素的元组中。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:305 +msgid "" +"The ``N`` format option must not be used. It consumes a reference, but since" +" there is no way to know whether arguments to this function will be " +"consumed, using it may cause reference leaks." +msgstr "不可使用 ``N`` 格式选项。 它会消耗一个引用，但是由于无法获知传给此函数的参数是否会被消耗，使用它可能导致引用泄漏。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Note that ``#`` format characters should always be treated as " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`, regardless of whether ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` was " +"defined." +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``#`` 格式字符应当总是被当作 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 来处理，无论是否定义了 ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN``。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:312 +msgid ":func:`sys.audit` performs the same function from Python code." +msgstr ":func:`sys.audit` 会执行与来自 Python 代码的函数相同的操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:314 +msgid "See also :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple`。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Require :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` for ``#`` format characters. Previously, an " +"unavoidable deprecation warning was raised." +msgstr "要求 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 用于 ``#`` 格式字符。 在此之前，会引发一个不可避免的弃用警告。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PySys_Audit`, but pass arguments as a Python object. " +"*args* must be a :class:`tuple`. To pass no arguments, *args* can be *NULL*." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`PySys_Audit` 类似，但会将参数作为 Python 对象传入。 *args* 必须是一个 :class:`tuple`。" +" 如果不传入参数，则 *args* 可以为 *NULL*。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Append the callable *hook* to the list of active auditing hooks. Return zero" +" on success and non-zero on failure. If the runtime has been initialized, " +"also set an error on failure. Hooks added through this API are called for " +"all interpreters created by the runtime." +msgstr "" +"将可调用对象 *hook* 添加到激活的审计钩子列表。 在成功时返回零而在失败时返回非零值。 如果运行时已经被初始化，还会在失败时设置一个错误。 通过此" +" API 添加的钩子会针对在运行时创建的所有解释器被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:340 +msgid "" +"The *userData* pointer is passed into the hook function. Since hook " +"functions may be called from different runtimes, this pointer should not " +"refer directly to Python state." +msgstr "*userData* 指针会被传入钩子函数。 因于钩子函数可能由不同的运行时调用，该指针不应直接指向 Python 状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:344 +msgid "" +"This function is safe to call before :c:func:`Py_Initialize`. When called " +"after runtime initialization, existing audit hooks are notified and may " +"silently abort the operation by raising an error subclassed from " +":class:`Exception` (other errors will not be silenced)." +msgstr "" +"此函数可在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前被安全地调用。 " +"如果在运行时初始化之后被调用，现有的审计钩子将得到通知并可能通过引发一个从 :class:`Exception` " +"子类化的错误静默地放弃操作（其他错误将不会被静默）。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:349 +msgid "" +"The hook function is always called with the GIL held by the Python " +"interpreter that raised the event." +msgstr "钩子函数总是会由引发异常的 Python 解释器在持有 GIL 的情况下调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:352 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`578` for a detailed description of auditing. Functions in the " +"runtime and standard library that raise events are listed in the :ref:`audit" +" events table `. Details are in each function's documentation." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :pep:`578` 了解有关审计的详细描述。 在运行时和标准库中会引发审计事件的函数清单见 :ref:`审计事件表 `。 更多细节见每个函数的文档。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:357 ../../c-api/sys.rst:359 +msgid "" +"If the interpreter is initialized, this function raises an auditing event " +"``sys.addaudithook`` with no arguments. If any existing hooks raise an " +"exception derived from :class:`Exception`, the new hook will not be added " +"and the exception is cleared. As a result, callers cannot assume that their " +"hook has been added unless they control all existing hooks." +msgstr "" +"如果解释器已被初始化，此函数将引发一个审计事件 ``sys.addaudithook`` 且不附带任何参数。 如果有任何现存的钩子引发了一个派生自 " +":class:`Exception` 的异常，新的钩子将不会被添加且该异常会被清除。 " +"因此，调用方不可假定他们的钩子已被添加除非他们能控制所有现存的钩子。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:368 +msgid "" +"The type of the hook function. *event* is the C string event argument passed" +" to :c:func:`PySys_Audit` or :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple`. *args* is " +"guaranteed to be a :c:type:`PyTupleObject`. *userData* is the argument " +"passed to PySys_AddAuditHook()." +msgstr "" +"钩子函数的类型。 *event* 是传给 :c:func:`PySys_Audit` 或 :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple` 的 C " +"字符串形式的事件参数。 *args* 会确保为一个 :c:type:`PyTupleObject`。 *userData* 是传给 " +"PySys_AddAuditHook() 的参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:380 +msgid "Process Control" +msgstr "过程控制" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Print a fatal error message and kill the process. No cleanup is performed. " +"This function should only be invoked when a condition is detected that would" +" make it dangerous to continue using the Python interpreter; e.g., when the " +"object administration appears to be corrupted. On Unix, the standard C " +"library function :c:func:`!abort` is called which will attempt to produce a " +":file:`core` file." +msgstr "" +"打印一个致命错误消息并杀死进程。 不会执行任何清理。 此函数应当仅在检测到可能令继续使用 Python " +"解释器会有危险的情况时被唤起；例如对象管理已被破坏的时候。 在 Unix 上，会调用标准 C 库函数 :c:func:`!abort` " +"并将由它来尝试生成一个 :file:`core` 文件。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:394 +msgid "" +"The ``Py_FatalError()`` function is replaced with a macro which logs " +"automatically the name of the current function, unless the " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` macro is defined." +msgstr "" +" ``Py_FatalError()`` 函数会被替换为一个将自动记录当前函数名称的宏，除非定义了 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 宏。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:398 +msgid "Log the function name automatically." +msgstr "自动记录函数名称。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:408 +msgid "" +"Exit the current process. This calls :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` and then calls" +" the standard C library function ``exit(status)``. If " +":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` indicates an error, the exit status is set to 120." +msgstr "" +"退出当前进程。 这将调用 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 然后再调用标准 C 库函数 ``exit(status)``。 如果 " +":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 提示错误，退出状态将被设为 120。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:412 +msgid "Errors from finalization no longer ignored." +msgstr "来自最终化的错误不会再被忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Register a cleanup function to be called by :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx`. The " +"cleanup function will be called with no arguments and should return no " +"value. At most 32 cleanup functions can be registered. When the " +"registration is successful, :c:func:`Py_AtExit` returns ``0``; on failure, " +"it returns ``-1``. The cleanup function registered last is called first. " +"Each cleanup function will be called at most once. Since Python's internal " +"finalization will have completed before the cleanup function, no Python APIs" +" should be called by *func*." +msgstr "" +"注册一个由 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 调用的清理函数。 调用清理函数将不传入任何参数且不应返回任何值。 最多可以注册32 " +"个清理函数。 当注册成功时，:c:func:`Py_AtExit` 将返回 ``0``；失败时，它将返回 ``-1``。 " +"最后注册的清理函数会最先被调用。 每个清理函数将至多被调用一次。 由于 Python 的内部最终化将在清理函数之前完成，因此 Python API " +"不应被 *func* 调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:432 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnstable_AtExit` for passing a ``void *data`` argument." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnstable_AtExit` 用于传递 ``void *data`` 参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:101 +msgid "USE_STACKCHECK (C macro)" +msgstr "USE_STACKCHECK (C 宏)" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:385 +msgid "abort (C function)" +msgstr "abort (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:404 ../../c-api/sys.rst:418 +msgid "Py_FinalizeEx (C function)" +msgstr "Py_FinalizeEx (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:404 +msgid "exit (C function)" +msgstr "exit (C 函数)" + +#: ../../c-api/sys.rst:418 +msgid "cleanup functions" +msgstr "清理函数" diff --git a/c-api/time.po b/c-api/time.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb8fbbff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/time.po @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2024 +# 汇民 王 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-05-11 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:6 +msgid "PyTime C API" +msgstr "PyTime C API" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The clock C API provides access to system clocks. It is similar to the " +"Python :mod:`time` module." +msgstr "时钟 C API 提供对系统时钟的访问。它类似于 Python :mod:`time` 模块。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:13 +msgid "" +"For C API related to the :mod:`datetime` module, see :ref:`datetimeobjects`." +msgstr "有关与 :mod:`datetime` 模块相关的 C API，请参阅 :ref:`datetimeobjects`。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:17 +msgid "Types" +msgstr "类型" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:21 +msgid "" +"A timestamp or duration in nanoseconds, represented as a signed 64-bit " +"integer." +msgstr "以纳秒为单位的时间戳或持续时间，表示为带符号的 64 位整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The reference point for timestamps depends on the clock used. For example, " +":c:func:`PyTime_Time` returns timestamps relative to the UNIX epoch." +msgstr "时间戳的参考点取决于所使用的时钟。 例如，:c:func:`PyTime_Time` 返回相对于 UNIX 纪元的时间戳。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The supported range is around [-292.3 years; +292.3 years]. Using the Unix " +"epoch (January 1st, 1970) as reference, the supported date range is around " +"[1677-09-21; 2262-04-11]. The exact limits are exposed as constants:" +msgstr "" +"支持的范围约为[-292.3年； +292.3 年]。以Unix纪元（1970年1月1日）为参考，支持的日期范围约为[1677-09-21； " +"2262-04-11]。确切的限制以常数形式公开：" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:34 +msgid "Minimum value of :c:type:`PyTime_t`." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyTime_t` 的最小值。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:38 +msgid "Maximum value of :c:type:`PyTime_t`." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyTime_t` 的最大值。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:42 +msgid "Clock Functions" +msgstr "时钟函数" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The following functions take a pointer to a :c:expr:`PyTime_t` that they set" +" to the value of a particular clock. Details of each clock are given in the " +"documentation of the corresponding Python function." +msgstr "" +"以下函数采用指向 :c:expr:`PyTime_t` 的指针，并将其设置为特定时钟的值。 每个时钟的详细信息在相应的 Python 函数的文档中给出。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The functions return ``0`` on success, or ``-1`` (with an exception set) on " +"failure." +msgstr "成功时函数返回``0``，失败时返回``-1``（设置一个异常）。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:52 +msgid "" +"On integer overflow, they set the :c:data:`PyExc_OverflowError` exception " +"and set ``*result`` to the value clamped to the ``[PyTime_MIN; PyTime_MAX]``" +" range. (On current systems, integer overflows are likely caused by " +"misconfigured system time.)" +msgstr "" +"在整数溢出时，他们设置 :c:data:`PyExc_OverflowError` 异常，并将``*result``设置为``[PyTime_MIN; " +"PyTime_MAX]``范围内的值。 （在当前系统上，整数溢出可能是由于系统时间配置错误引起的。）" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:58 +msgid "" +"As any other C API (unless otherwise specified), the functions must be " +"called with the :term:`GIL` held." +msgstr "与任何其他 C API 一样（除非另有说明），必须使用持有的 :term:`GIL` 来调用函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Read the monotonic clock. See :func:`time.monotonic` for important details " +"on this clock." +msgstr "读取单调时间。有关该时钟的重要详细信息，请参阅 :func:`time.monotonic`。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Read the performance counter. See :func:`time.perf_counter` for important " +"details on this clock." +msgstr "读取性能计数器。有关该时钟的重要详细信息，请参阅 :func:`time.perf_counter`。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Read the “wall clock” time. See :func:`time.time` for details important on " +"this clock." +msgstr "读取“Wall Clock” 时间。有关该时钟的重要详细信息，请参阅 :func:`time.time``。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:78 +msgid "Raw Clock Functions" +msgstr "原始时钟函数" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Similar to clock functions, but don't set an exception on error and don't " +"require the caller to hold the GIL." +msgstr "与时钟函数类似，但不设置错误异常，也不要求调用者持有 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:83 +msgid "On success, the functions return ``0``." +msgstr "成功时，函数返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:85 +msgid "" +"On failure, they set ``*result`` to ``0`` and return ``-1``, *without* " +"setting an exception. To get the cause of the error, acquire the GIL and " +"call the regular (non-``Raw``) function. Note that the regular function may " +"succeed after the ``Raw`` one failed." +msgstr "" +"失败时，它们将 ``*result`` 设置为 ``0`` 并返回 ``-1``， *不* 设置异常。 要了解错误原因，请获取 GIL 并调用常规 " +"(非-``Raw``) 函数。 请注意，常规函数可能会在 ``Raw`` 函数失败后成功。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic`, but don't set an exception on error " +"and don't require holding the GIL." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic` 类似，但在错误时不设置异常，并且不需要持有 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter`, but don't set an exception on error" +" and don't require holding the GIL." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter` 类似，但在错误时不设置异常，并且不需要持有 GIL。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyTime_Time`, but don't set an exception on error and " +"don't require holding the GIL." +msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyTime_Time` 类似，但在错误时不设置异常，并且不需要持有 GIL。 " + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:107 +msgid "Conversion functions" +msgstr "转换函数" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:111 +msgid "Convert a timestamp to a number of seconds as a C :c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "将时间戳转换为 C:c:expr:`double` 形式的秒数。" + +#: ../../c-api/time.rst:113 +msgid "" +"The function cannot fail, but note that :c:expr:`double` has limited " +"accuracy for large values." +msgstr "该函数不会失败，但请注意 :c:expr:`double` 对于大值的精度有限。" diff --git a/c-api/tuple.po b/c-api/tuple.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4da96f616 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/tuple.po @@ -0,0 +1,319 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# dykai , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 伟 裴 , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# helloworldSB , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:6 +msgid "Tuple Objects" +msgstr "元组对象" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:13 +msgid "This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python tuple object." +msgstr "这个 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型代表一个 Python 的元组对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python tuple type; it" +" is the same object as :class:`tuple` in the Python layer." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的实例代表一个 Python 元组类型，这与 Python 层面的 :class:`tuple` " +"是相同的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a tuple object or an instance of a subtype of the " +"tuple type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 tuple 对象或者 tuple 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Return true if *p* is a tuple object, but not an instance of a subtype of " +"the tuple type. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *p* 是一个 tuple 对象但不是 tuple 类型的子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Return a new tuple object of size *len*, or ``NULL`` with an exception set " +"on failure." +msgstr "返回一个长度为 *len* 的新元组对象，或者失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Return a new tuple object of size *n*, or ``NULL`` with an exception set on " +"failure. The tuple values are initialized to the subsequent *n* C arguments " +"pointing to Python objects. ``PyTuple_Pack(2, a, b)`` is equivalent to " +"``Py_BuildValue(\"(OO)\", a, b)``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个长度为 *n* 的新元组对象，或者失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。 元组值初始化为指向 Python 对象的后续 *n* 个 C " +"参数。 ``PyTuple_Pack(2, a, b)`` 等价于 ``Py_BuildValue(\"(OO)\", a, b)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Take a pointer to a tuple object, and return the size of that tuple. On " +"error, return ``-1`` and with an exception set." +msgstr "接受一个指向元组对象的指针，并返回该元组的大小。 失败时，返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:56 +msgid "Like :c:func:`PyTuple_Size`, but without error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyTuple_Size`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Return the object at position *pos* in the tuple pointed to by *p*. If " +"*pos* is negative or out of bounds, return ``NULL`` and set an " +":exc:`IndexError` exception." +msgstr "" +"返回 *p* 所指向的元组中位于 *pos* 处的对象。 如果 *pos* 为负值或超出范围，则返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个 " +":exc:`IndexError` 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:64 +msgid "" +"The returned reference is borrowed from the tuple *p* (that is: it is only " +"valid as long as you hold a reference to *p*). To get a :term:`strong " +"reference`, use :c:func:`Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GetItem(...)) ` or " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`." +msgstr "" +"返回的引用是从元组 *p* 借入的（也就是说：它只在你持有对 *p* 的引用时才是可用的）。 要获取 :term:`strong " +"reference`，请使用 :c:func:`Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GetItem(...)) ` 或 " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:73 +msgid "Like :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem`, but does no checking of its arguments." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem`，但不检查其参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Return the slice of the tuple pointed to by *p* between *low* and *high*, or" +" ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure." +msgstr "返回一个 *p* 指向的元组的 *low* 和 *high* 之间的切片，或者失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:81 +msgid "" +"This is the equivalent of the Python expression ``p[low:high]``. Indexing " +"from the end of the tuple is not supported." +msgstr "这等价于 Python 表达式 ``p[low:high]``。 不支持从元组末尾进行索引。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Insert a reference to object *o* at position *pos* of the tuple pointed to " +"by *p*. Return ``0`` on success. If *pos* is out of bounds, return ``-1`` " +"and set an :exc:`IndexError` exception." +msgstr "" +"在 *p* 指向的元组的 *pos* 位置插入对对象 *o* 的引用。 成功时返回 ``0``；如果 *pos* 越界，则返回 ``-1``，并抛出一个" +" :exc:`IndexError` 异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:93 +msgid "" +"This function \"steals\" a reference to *o* and discards a reference to an " +"item already in the tuple at the affected position." +msgstr "此函数会“窃取”对 *o* 的引用，并丢弃对元组中已在受影响位置的条目的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem`, but does no error checking, and should " +"*only* be used to fill in brand new tuples." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem`，但不进行错误检查，并且应该 *只是* 被用来填充全新的元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:102 ../../c-api/tuple.rst:218 +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Bounds checking is performed as an assertion if Python is built in " +":ref:`debug mode ` or :option:`with assertions <--with-" +"assertions>`." +msgstr "" +"当 Python 以 :ref:`调试模式 ` 或 :option:`启用断言 <--with-assertions>` " +"构建时将把绑定检测作为断言来执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:107 +msgid "" +"This function \"steals\" a reference to *o*, and, unlike " +":c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem`, does *not* discard a reference to any item that " +"is being replaced; any reference in the tuple at position *pos* will be " +"leaked." +msgstr "" +"这个函数会“窃取”一个对 *o* 的引用，但是，不与 :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` 不同，它 *不会* " +"丢弃对任何被替换项的引用；元组中位于 *pos* 位置的任何引用都将被泄漏。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Can be used to resize a tuple. *newsize* will be the new length of the " +"tuple. Because tuples are *supposed* to be immutable, this should only be " +"used if there is only one reference to the object. Do *not* use this if the" +" tuple may already be known to some other part of the code. The tuple will " +"always grow or shrink at the end. Think of this as destroying the old tuple" +" and creating a new one, only more efficiently. Returns ``0`` on success. " +"Client code should never assume that the resulting value of ``*p`` will be " +"the same as before calling this function. If the object referenced by ``*p``" +" is replaced, the original ``*p`` is destroyed. On failure, returns ``-1`` " +"and sets ``*p`` to ``NULL``, and raises :exc:`MemoryError` or " +":exc:`SystemError`." +msgstr "" +"可以用于调整元组的大小。 *newsize* 将是元组的新长度。 因为元组 *被认为* 是不可变的，所以只有在对象仅有一个引用时，才应该使用它。 " +"如果元组已经被代码的其他部分所引用，请不要使用此项。 元组在最后总是会增长或缩小。 把它看作是销毁旧元组并创建一个新元组，只会更有效。 成功时返回 " +"``0`` 。 客户端代码不应假定 ``*p`` 的结果值将与调用此函数之前的值相同。 如果替换了 ``*p`` 引用的对象，则原始的 ``*p`` " +"将被销毁。 失败时，返回 ``-1``，将 ``*p`` 设置为 ``NULL``，并引发 :exc:`MemoryError` 或者 " +":exc:`SystemError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:130 +msgid "Struct Sequence Objects" +msgstr "结构序列对象" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Struct sequence objects are the C equivalent of " +":func:`~collections.namedtuple` objects, i.e. a sequence whose items can " +"also be accessed through attributes. To create a struct sequence, you first " +"have to create a specific struct sequence type." +msgstr "" +"结构序列对象是等价于 :func:`~collections.namedtuple` 的 C 对象，即一个序列，其中的条目也可以通过属性访问。 " +"要创建结构序列，你首先必须创建特定的结构序列类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Create a new struct sequence type from the data in *desc*, described below. " +"Instances of the resulting type can be created with " +":c:func:`PyStructSequence_New`." +msgstr "" +"根据 *desc* 中的数据创建一个新的结构序列类型，如下所述。 可以使用 :c:func:`PyStructSequence_New` " +"创建结果类型的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:142 ../../c-api/tuple.rst:211 +msgid "Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure." +msgstr "失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:147 +msgid "Initializes a struct sequence type *type* from *desc* in place." +msgstr "从 *desc* 就地初始化结构序列类型 *type*。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType`, but returns ``0`` on success and " +"``-1`` with an exception set on failure." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType`，但成功时返回 ``0`` 而失败时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:160 +msgid "Contains the meta information of a struct sequence type to create." +msgstr "包含要创建的结构序列类型的元信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:164 +msgid "" +"Fully qualified name of the type; null-terminated UTF-8 encoded. The name " +"must contain the module name." +msgstr "类型的完整限定名称；使用以空值结束的 UTF-8 编码。 该名称必须包含模块名。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:169 +msgid "Pointer to docstring for the type or ``NULL`` to omit." +msgstr "指向类型的文档字符串的指针或以 ``NULL`` 表示忽略。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:173 +msgid "Pointer to ``NULL``-terminated array with field names of the new type." +msgstr "指向以 ``NULL`` 结尾的数组的指针，该数组包含新类型的字段名。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:177 +msgid "Number of fields visible to the Python side (if used as tuple)." +msgstr "Python 端可见的字段数（如果用作元组）。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Describes a field of a struct sequence. As a struct sequence is modeled as a" +" tuple, all fields are typed as :c:expr:`PyObject*`. The index in the " +":c:member:`~PyStructSequence_Desc.fields` array of the " +":c:type:`PyStructSequence_Desc` determines which field of the struct " +"sequence is described." +msgstr "" +"描述结构序列的一个字段。 由于结构序列是以元组为模型的，因此所有字段的类型都是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。 " +":c:type:`PyStructSequence_Desc` 的 :c:member:`~PyStructSequence_Desc.fields` " +"数组中的索引决定了描述结构序列的是哪个字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Name for the field or ``NULL`` to end the list of named fields, set to " +":c:data:`PyStructSequence_UnnamedField` to leave unnamed." +msgstr "" +"字段的名称或 ``NULL`` 表示结束已命名字段列表，设为 :c:data:`PyStructSequence_UnnamedField` " +"则保持未命名状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:195 +msgid "Field docstring or ``NULL`` to omit." +msgstr "字段文档字符串或 ``NULL`` 表示省略。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:200 +msgid "Special value for a field name to leave it unnamed." +msgstr "字段名的特殊值将保持未命名状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:202 +msgid "The type was changed from ``char *``." +msgstr "这个类型已从 ``char *`` 更改。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Creates an instance of *type*, which must have been created with " +":c:func:`PyStructSequence_NewType`." +msgstr "创建 *type* 的实例，该实例必须使用 :c:func:`PyStructSequence_NewType` 创建。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Return the object at position *pos* in the struct sequence pointed to by " +"*p*." +msgstr "返回 *p* 所指向的结构序列中位于 *pos* 处的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:224 +msgid "Alias to :c:func:`PyStructSequence_GetItem`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStructSequence_GetItem` 的别名。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:226 +msgid "Now implemented as an alias to :c:func:`PyStructSequence_GetItem`." +msgstr "现在被实现为 :c:func:`PyStructSequence_GetItem` 的别名。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Sets the field at index *pos* of the struct sequence *p* to value *o*. Like" +" :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM`, this should only be used to fill in brand new " +"instances." +msgstr "" +"将结构序列 *p* 的索引 *pos* 处的字段设置为值 *o*。 与 :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` " +"一样，它应该只用于填充全新的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:241 +msgid "This function \"steals\" a reference to *o*." +msgstr "这个函数“窃取”了指向 *o* 的一个引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:246 +msgid "Alias to :c:func:`PyStructSequence_SetItem`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStructSequence_SetItem` 的别名。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:248 +msgid "Now implemented as an alias to :c:func:`PyStructSequence_SetItem`." +msgstr "现在被实现为 :c:func:`PyStructSequence_SetItem` 的别名。" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/tuple.rst:8 +msgid "tuple" +msgstr "元组" diff --git a/c-api/type.po b/c-api/type.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..793c98c5c --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/type.po @@ -0,0 +1,744 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# stone jing , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-04 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:6 +msgid "Type Objects" +msgstr "类型对象" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:13 +msgid "The C structure of the objects used to describe built-in types." +msgstr "对象的 C 结构用于描述 built-in 类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This is the type object for type objects; it is the same object as " +":class:`type` in the Python layer." +msgstr "这是属于 type 对象的 type object，它在 Python 层面和 :class:`type` 是相同的对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the object *o* is a type object, including instances of " +"types derived from the standard type object. Return 0 in all other cases. " +"This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 是一个类型对象，包括派生自标准类型对象的类型实例则返回非零值。 在所有其它情况下都返回 0。 此函数将总是成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the object *o* is a type object, but not a subtype of the" +" standard type object. Return 0 in all other cases. This function always " +"succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *o* 是一个类型对象，但不是标准类型对象的子类型则返回非零值。 在所有其它情况下都返回 0。 此函数将总是成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:38 +msgid "Clear the internal lookup cache. Return the current version tag." +msgstr "清空内部查找缓存。 返回当前版本标签。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Return the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` member of *type*. This " +"function is primarily meant for use with ``Py_LIMITED_API``; the individual " +"flag bits are guaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access to " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` itself is not part of the :ref:`limited " +"API `." +msgstr "" +"返回 *type* 的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 成员。 此函数主要是配合 " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` 使用；单独的旗标位会确保在各个 Python 发布版之间保持稳定，但对 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 本身的访问并不是 :ref:`受限 API ` " +"的一部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:49 +msgid "The return type is now ``unsigned long`` rather than ``long``." +msgstr "返回类型现在是 ``unsigned long`` 而不是 ``long``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Return the type object's internal namespace, which is otherwise only exposed" +" via a read-only proxy (:attr:`cls.__dict__ `). This is a " +"replacement for accessing :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` directly. The " +"returned dictionary must be treated as read-only." +msgstr "" +"返回类型对象的内部命名空间，它在其他情况下只能通过只读代理 (:attr:`cls.__dict__ `) 对外公开。 " +"这可以代替直接访问 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`。 返回的字典必须视为是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:61 +msgid "" +"This function is meant for specific embedding and language-binding cases, " +"where direct access to the dict is necessary and indirect access (e.g. via " +"the proxy or :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr`) isn't adequate." +msgstr "" +"该函数用于特定的嵌入和语言绑定场景，在这些场景下需要直接访问该字典而间接访问（例如通过代理或 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` " +"访问）并不足够。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Extension modules should continue to use ``tp_dict``, directly or " +"indirectly, when setting up their own types." +msgstr "扩展模块在设置它们自己的类型时应当继续直接或间接地使用 ``tp_dict``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Invalidate the internal lookup cache for the type and all of its subtypes. " +"This function must be called after any manual modification of the attributes" +" or base classes of the type." +msgstr "使该类型及其所有子类型的内部查找缓存失效。 此函数必须在对该类型的属性或基类进行任何手动修改之后调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Register *callback* as a type watcher. Return a non-negative integer ID " +"which must be passed to future calls to :c:func:`PyType_Watch`. In case of " +"error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available), return ``-1`` and set an " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"注册 *callback* 作为类型监视器。 返回一个非负的整数 ID，它必须传给将来对 :c:func:`PyType_Watch` 的调用。 " +"如果出错（例如没有足够的可用监视器 ID）,则返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:85 +msgid "" +"In free-threaded builds, :c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` is not thread-safe, so " +"it must be called at start up (before spawning the first thread)." +msgstr "" +"在自由线程构建版中，:c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` 不是线程安全的，因此它必须一开始就被调用（在产生第一个线程之前）。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Clear watcher identified by *watcher_id* (previously returned from " +":c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher`). Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on error (e.g." +" if *watcher_id* was never registered.)" +msgstr "" +"清除由 *watcher_id* (之前从 :c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` 返回) 所标识的 watcher。 成功时返回 " +"``0``，出错时（例如 *watcher_id* 未被注册）返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:97 +msgid "" +"An extension should never call ``PyType_ClearWatcher`` with a *watcher_id* " +"that was not returned to it by a previous call to " +":c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher`." +msgstr "" +"扩展在调用 ``PyType_ClearWatcher`` 时绝不能使用不是之前调用 :c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` 所返回的 " +"*watcher_id*。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Mark *type* as watched. The callback granted *watcher_id* by " +":c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` will be called whenever " +":c:func:`PyType_Modified` reports a change to *type*. (The callback may be " +"called only once for a series of consecutive modifications to *type*, if " +":c:func:`!_PyType_Lookup` is not called on *type* between the modifications;" +" this is an implementation detail and subject to change.)" +msgstr "" +"将 *type* 标记为已监视。 每当 :c:func:`PyType_Modified` 报告 *type* 发生变化时 " +":c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` 赋予 *watcher_id* 的回调将被调用。 （如果在 *type* " +"的一系列连续修改之间没有调用 :c:func:`!_PyType_Lookup`，则回调只能被调用一次；这是一个实现细节并可能发生变化）。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:113 +msgid "" +"An extension should never call ``PyType_Watch`` with a *watcher_id* that was" +" not returned to it by a previous call to :c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher`." +msgstr "" +"扩展在调用 ``PyType_Watch`` 时绝不能使用不是之前调用 :c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` 所返回的 " +"*watcher_id*。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:121 +msgid "Type of a type-watcher callback function." +msgstr "类型监视器回调函数的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The callback must not modify *type* or cause :c:func:`PyType_Modified` to be" +" called on *type* or any type in its MRO; violating this rule could cause " +"infinite recursion." +msgstr "" +"回调不可以修改 *type* 或是导致 :c:func:`PyType_Modified` 在 *type* 或其 MRO " +"中的任何类型上被调用；违反此规则可能导致无限递归。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if the type object *o* sets the feature *feature*. Type " +"features are denoted by single bit flags." +msgstr "如果类型对象 *o* 设置了特性 *feature* 则返回非零值。 类型特性是用单个比特位旗标来表示的。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Return true if the type object includes support for the cycle detector; this" +" tests the type flag :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`." +msgstr "如果类型对象包括了对循环检测器的支持则返回真值；这将测试类型旗标 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:144 +msgid "Return true if *a* is a subtype of *b*." +msgstr "如果 *a* 是 *b* 的子类型则返回真值。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:146 +msgid "" +"This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that " +":meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` is not called on *b*. Call " +":c:func:`PyObject_IsSubclass` to do the same check that :func:`issubclass` " +"would do." +msgstr "" +"此函数只检查实际的子类型，这意味着 :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` 不会在 *b* 上被调用。 请调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_IsSubclass` 来执行与 :func:`issubclass` 所做的相同检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Generic handler for the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot of a type " +"object. Use Python's default memory allocation mechanism to allocate a new " +"instance and initialize all its contents to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"类型对象的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 槽位的通用处理器。 请使用 Python " +"的默认内存分配机制来分配一个新的实例并将其所有内容初始化为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Generic handler for the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` slot of a type " +"object. Create a new instance using the type's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot." +msgstr "" +"类型对象的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 槽位的通用处理器。 请使用类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 槽位来创建一个新的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Finalize a type object. This should be called on all type objects to finish" +" their initialization. This function is responsible for adding inherited " +"slots from a type's base class. Return ``0`` on success, or return ``-1`` " +"and sets an exception on error." +msgstr "" +"最终化一个类型对象。 这应当在所有类型对象上调用以完成它们的初始化。 此函数会负责从一个类型的基类添加被继承的槽位。 成功时返回 " +"``0``，或是在出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:171 +msgid "" +"If some of the base classes implements the GC protocol and the provided type" +" does not include the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` in its flags, then the " +"GC protocol will be automatically implemented from its parents. On the " +"contrary, if the type being created does include " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` in its flags then it **must** implement the GC" +" protocol itself by at least implementing the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` handle." +msgstr "" +"如果某些基类实现了 GC 协议并且所提供的类型的旗标中未包括 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`，则将自动从其父类实现 GC " +"协议。 相反地，如果被创建的类型的旗标中确实包含 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 则它 **必须** 自己实现 GC " +"协议，至少要实现 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 句柄。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Return the type's name. Equivalent to getting the type's " +":attr:`~type.__name__` attribute." +msgstr "返回类型名称。 等同于获取类型的 :attr:`~type.__name__` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Return the type's qualified name. Equivalent to getting the type's " +":attr:`~type.__qualname__` attribute." +msgstr "返回类型的限定名称。 等同于获取类型的 :attr:`~type.__qualname__` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Return the type's fully qualified name. Equivalent to " +"``f\"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}\"``, or :attr:`type.__qualname__`" +" if :attr:`type.__module__` is not a string or is equal to ``\"builtins\"``." +msgstr "" +"返回类型的完整限定名称。 等同于 ``f\"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}\"``，或者如果 " +":attr:`type.__module__` 不是字符串或是等于 ``\"builtins\"`` 则等同于 " +":attr:`type.__qualname__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Return the type's module name. Equivalent to getting the " +":attr:`type.__module__` attribute." +msgstr "返回类型的模块名称。 等价于获取 :attr:`type.__module__` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Return the function pointer stored in the given slot. If the result is " +"``NULL``, this indicates that either the slot is ``NULL``, or that the " +"function was called with invalid parameters. Callers will typically cast the" +" result pointer into the appropriate function type." +msgstr "" +"返回存储在给定槽位中的函数指针。 如果结果为 ``NULL``，则表示或者该槽位为 ``NULL``，或者该函数调用传入了无效的形参。 " +"调用方通常要将结果指针转换到适当的函数类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:216 +msgid "" +"See :c:member:`PyType_Slot.slot` for possible values of the *slot* argument." +msgstr "请参阅 :c:member:`PyType_Slot.slot` 查看可用的 *slot* 参数值。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:220 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` can now accept all types. Previously, it was " +"limited to :ref:`heap types `." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` 现在可以接受所有类型。 在此之前，它被限制为 :ref:`堆类型 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Return the module object associated with the given type when the type was " +"created using :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`." +msgstr "返回当使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 创建类型时关联到给定类型的模块对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:229 ../../c-api/type.rst:249 +msgid "" +"If no module is associated with the given type, sets :py:class:`TypeError` " +"and returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "如果没有关联到给定类型的模块，则设置 :py:class:`TypeError` 并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:232 +msgid "" +"This function is usually used to get the module in which a method is " +"defined. Note that in such a method, ``PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self))`` may" +" not return the intended result. ``Py_TYPE(self)`` may be a *subclass* of " +"the intended class, and subclasses are not necessarily defined in the same " +"module as their superclass. See :c:type:`PyCMethod` to get the class that " +"defines the method. See :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` for cases when " +":c:type:`!PyCMethod` cannot be used." +msgstr "" +"此函数通常被用于获取方法定义所在的模块。 请注意在这样的方法中，``PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self))`` " +"可能不会返回预期的结果。 ``Py_TYPE(self)`` 可以是目标类的一个 *子类*，而子类并不一定是在与其超类相同的模块中定义的。 请参阅 " +":c:type:`PyCMethod` 了解如何获取方法定义所在的类。 请参阅 :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` " +"了解有关无法使用 :c:type:`!PyCMethod` 的情况。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Return the state of the module object associated with the given type. This " +"is a shortcut for calling :c:func:`PyModule_GetState()` on the result of " +":c:func:`PyType_GetModule`." +msgstr "" +"返回关联到给定类型的模块对象的状态。 这是一个在 :c:func:`PyType_GetModule` 的结果上调用 " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState()` 的快捷方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:252 +msgid "" +"If the *type* has an associated module but its state is ``NULL``, returns " +"``NULL`` without setting an exception." +msgstr "如果 *type* 有关联的模块但其状态为 ``NULL``，则返回 ``NULL`` 且不设置异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Find the first superclass whose module was created from the given " +":c:type:`PyModuleDef` *def*, and return that module." +msgstr "找到所属模块基于给定的 :c:type:`PyModuleDef` *def* 创建的第一个上级类，并返回该模块。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:262 +msgid "" +"If no module is found, raises a :py:class:`TypeError` and returns ``NULL``." +msgstr "如果未找到模块，则会引发 :py:class:`TypeError` 并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:264 +msgid "" +"This function is intended to be used together with " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState()` to get module state from slot methods (such as" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` or :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add`) " +"and other places where a method's defining class cannot be passed using the " +":c:type:`PyCMethod` calling convention." +msgstr "" +"此函数预期会与 :c:func:`PyModule_GetState()` 一起使用以便从槽位方法 (如 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 或 :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add`) " +"及其他定义方法的类无法使用 :c:type:`PyCMethod` 调用惯例来传递的场合获取模块状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:274 +msgid "Attempt to assign a version tag to the given type." +msgstr "尝试为给定的类型设置一个版本标签。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Returns 1 if the type already had a valid version tag or a new one was " +"assigned, or 0 if a new tag could not be assigned." +msgstr "如果类型已有合法的版本标签或已设置了新的版本标签则返回 1，或者如果无法设置新的标签则返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:283 +msgid "Creating Heap-Allocated Types" +msgstr "创建堆分配类型" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:285 +msgid "" +"The following functions and structs are used to create :ref:`heap types " +"`." +msgstr "下列函数和结构体可被用来创建 :ref:`堆类型 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Create and return a :ref:`heap type ` from the *spec* (see " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`)." +msgstr "" +"根据 *spec* (参见 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`) 创建并返回一个 :ref:`堆类型 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:293 +msgid "" +"The metaclass *metaclass* is used to construct the resulting type object. " +"When *metaclass* is ``NULL``, the metaclass is derived from *bases* (or " +"*Py_tp_base[s]* slots if *bases* is ``NULL``, see below)." +msgstr "" +"元类 *metaclass* 用于构建结果类型对象。 当 *metaclass* 为 ``NULL`` 时，元类将派生自 *bases* (或者如果 " +"*bases* 为 ``NULL`` 则派生自 *Py_tp_base[s]* 槽位，见下文)。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Metaclasses that override :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` are not " +"supported, except if ``tp_new`` is ``NULL``. (For backwards compatibility, " +"other ``PyType_From*`` functions allow such metaclasses. They ignore " +"``tp_new``, which may result in incomplete initialization. This is " +"deprecated and in Python 3.14+ such metaclasses will not be supported.)" +msgstr "" +"不支持重写 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 的元类，除非 ``tp_new`` 为 ``NULL``。 " +"（为了向下兼容，其他 ``PyType_From*`` 函数允许这样的元类。 它们将忽略 ``tp_new``，可能导致不完整的初始化。 " +"这样的元类已被弃用并在 Python 3.14+ 中停止支持。）" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:304 +msgid "" +"The *bases* argument can be used to specify base classes; it can either be " +"only one class or a tuple of classes. If *bases* is ``NULL``, the " +"*Py_tp_bases* slot is used instead. If that also is ``NULL``, the " +"*Py_tp_base* slot is used instead. If that also is ``NULL``, the new type " +"derives from :class:`object`." +msgstr "" +"*bases* 参数可被用来指定基类；它可以是单个类或由多个类组成的元组。 如果 *bases* 为 ``NULL``，则会改用 " +"*Py_tp_bases* 槽位。 如果该槽位也为 ``NULL``，则会改用 *Py_tp_base* 槽位。 如果该槽位同样为 " +"``NULL``，则新类型将派生自 :class:`object`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:310 +msgid "" +"The *module* argument can be used to record the module in which the new " +"class is defined. It must be a module object or ``NULL``. If not ``NULL``, " +"the module is associated with the new type and can later be retrieved with " +":c:func:`PyType_GetModule`. The associated module is not inherited by " +"subclasses; it must be specified for each class individually." +msgstr "" +"*module* 参数可被用来记录新类定义所在的模块。 它必须是一个模块对象或为 ``NULL``。 如果不为 " +"``NULL``，则该模块会被关联到新类型并且可在之后通过 :c:func:`PyType_GetModule` 来获取。 " +"这个关联模块不可被子类继承；它必须为每个类单独指定。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:317 +msgid "This function calls :c:func:`PyType_Ready` on the new type." +msgstr "此函数会在新类型上调用 :c:func:`PyType_Ready`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Note that this function does *not* fully match the behavior of calling " +":py:class:`type() ` or using the :keyword:`class` statement. With " +"user-provided base types or metaclasses, prefer :ref:`calling ` " +":py:class:`type` (or the metaclass) over ``PyType_From*`` functions. " +"Specifically:" +msgstr "" +"请注意此函数 *不能* 完全匹配调用 :py:class:`type() ` 或使用 :keyword:`class` 语句的行为。 " +"对于用户提供的类型或元类，推荐 :ref:`调用 ` :py:class:`type` (或元类) 而不是 " +"``PyType_From*`` 函数。 特别地:" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:326 +msgid "" +":py:meth:`~object.__new__` is not called on the new class (and it must be " +"set to ``type.__new__``)." +msgstr ":py:meth:`~object.__new__` 不会在新类上被调用 (它必须被设为 ``type.__new__``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:328 +msgid ":py:meth:`~object.__init__` is not called on the new class." +msgstr ":py:meth:`~object.__init__` 不会在新类上被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:329 +msgid ":py:meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` is not called on any bases." +msgstr ":py:meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` 不会在任何基类上调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:330 +msgid ":py:meth:`~object.__set_name__` is not called on new descriptors." +msgstr ":py:meth:`~object.__set_name__` 不会在新的描述器上调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:336 +msgid "Equivalent to ``PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, module, spec, bases)``." +msgstr "等价于 ``PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, module, spec, bases)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:342 +msgid "" +"The function now accepts a single class as the *bases* argument and ``NULL``" +" as the ``tp_doc`` slot." +msgstr "此函数现在接受一个单独类作为 *bases* 参数并接受 ``NULL`` 作为 ``tp_doc`` 槽位。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:347 ../../c-api/type.rst:364 +msgid "" +"The function now finds and uses a metaclass corresponding to the provided " +"base classes. Previously, only :class:`type` instances were returned." +msgstr "该函数现在可以找到并使用与所提供的基类相对应的元类。 在此之前，只会返回 :class:`type` 实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:350 ../../c-api/type.rst:367 ../../c-api/type.rst:383 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` of the metaclass is *ignored*. which " +"may result in incomplete initialization. Creating classes whose metaclass " +"overrides :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated and in Python 3.14+" +" it will be no longer allowed." +msgstr "" +"元类的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 将被 *忽略*。 这可能导致不完整的初始化。 创建元类重写 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 的类的做法已被弃用并且在 Python 3.14+ 中将不再被允许。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:358 +msgid "Equivalent to ``PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, bases)``." +msgstr "等价于 ``PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, bases)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:375 +msgid "Equivalent to ``PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, NULL)``." +msgstr "等价于 ``PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, NULL)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:379 +msgid "" +"The function now finds and uses a metaclass corresponding to the base " +"classes provided in *Py_tp_base[s]* slots. Previously, only :class:`type` " +"instances were returned." +msgstr "" +"该函数现在可以找到并使用与 *Py_tp_base[s]* 槽位中提供的基类相对应的元类。 在此之前，只会返回 :class:`type` 实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:400 +msgid "Structure defining a type's behavior." +msgstr "定义一个类型的行为的结构体。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:404 +msgid "Name of the type, used to set :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_name`." +msgstr "类型的名称，用来设置 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_name`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:408 +msgid "" +"If positive, specifies the size of the instance in bytes. It is used to set " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`." +msgstr "如果为正数，则以字节为单位指定实例的大小。 它用于设置 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:411 +msgid "" +"If zero, specifies that :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` should be " +"inherited." +msgstr "如果为零，则指定应当继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:414 +msgid "" +"If negative, the absolute value specifies how much space instances of the " +"class need *in addition* to the superclass. Use " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetTypeData` to get a pointer to subclass-specific memory " +"reserved this way. For negative :c:member:`!basicsize`, Python will insert " +"padding when needed to meet :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`'s " +"alignment requirements." +msgstr "" +"如为负数，则以其绝对值指定该类的实例在超类的 *基础之上* 还需要多少空间。 使用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetTypeData` " +"来获取指向通过此方式保留的子类专属内存的指针。 对于负的 :c:member:`!basicsize`，Python 将在需要满足 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` 的对齐要求时插入填充字节。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:424 +msgid "Previously, this field could not be negative." +msgstr "在之前版本中，此字段不能为负数。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:428 +msgid "" +"Size of one element of a variable-size type, in bytes. Used to set " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`. See ``tp_itemsize`` documentation for " +"caveats." +msgstr "" +"可变大小类型中一个元素的大小，以字节为单位。 用于设置 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`。 注意事项请参阅 " +"``tp_itemsize`` 文档。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:432 +msgid "" +"If zero, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` is inherited. Extending " +"arbitrary variable-sized classes is dangerous, since some types use a fixed " +"offset for variable-sized memory, which can then overlap fixed-sized memory " +"used by a subclass. To help prevent mistakes, inheriting ``itemsize`` is " +"only possible in the following situations:" +msgstr "" +"如果为零，则会继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`。 " +"扩展任意可变大小的类是很危险的，因为某些类型使用固定偏移量来标识可变大小的内存，这样就会与子类使用的固定大小的内存相重叠。 " +"为了防止出错，只有在以下情况下才可以继承 ``itemsize``:" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:439 +msgid "" +"The base is not variable-sized (its :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`)." +msgstr "基类不是可变大小的 (即其 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The requested :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` is positive, suggesting that" +" the memory layout of the base class is known." +msgstr "所请求的 :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` 为正值，表明基类的内存布局是已知的。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:443 +msgid "" +"The requested :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` is zero, suggesting that the" +" subclass does not access the instance's memory directly." +msgstr "所请求的 :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` 为零，表明子类不会直接访问实例的内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:446 +msgid "With the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` flag." +msgstr "具有 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` 旗标。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:450 +msgid "Type flags, used to set :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_flags`." +msgstr "类型旗标，用来设置 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_flags`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:452 +msgid "" +"If the ``Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`` flag is not set, " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` sets it automatically." +msgstr "" +"如果未设置 ``Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`` 旗标，则 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` " +"会自动设置它。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:457 +msgid "" +"Array of :c:type:`PyType_Slot` structures. Terminated by the special slot " +"value ``{0, NULL}``." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyType_Slot` 结构体的数组。 以特殊槽位值 ``{0, NULL}`` 来结束。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:460 +msgid "Each slot ID should be specified at most once." +msgstr "每个槽位 ID 应当只被指定一次。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Structure defining optional functionality of a type, containing a slot ID " +"and a value pointer." +msgstr "定义一个类型的可选功能的结构体，包含一个槽位 ID 和一个值指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:475 +msgid "A slot ID." +msgstr "槽位 ID。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:477 +msgid "" +"Slot IDs are named like the field names of the structures " +":c:type:`PyTypeObject`, :c:type:`PyNumberMethods`, " +":c:type:`PySequenceMethods`, :c:type:`PyMappingMethods` and " +":c:type:`PyAsyncMethods` with an added ``Py_`` prefix. For example, use:" +msgstr "" +"槽位 ID 的类名像是结构体 :c:type:`PyTypeObject`, :c:type:`PyNumberMethods`, " +":c:type:`PySequenceMethods`, :c:type:`PyMappingMethods` 和 " +":c:type:`PyAsyncMethods` 的字段名附加一个 ``Py_`` 前缀。 举例来说，使用:" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:483 +msgid "``Py_tp_dealloc`` to set :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`" +msgstr "``Py_tp_dealloc`` 设置 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:484 +msgid "``Py_nb_add`` to set :c:member:`PyNumberMethods.nb_add`" +msgstr "``Py_nb_add`` 设置 :c:member:`PyNumberMethods.nb_add`" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:485 +msgid "``Py_sq_length`` to set :c:member:`PySequenceMethods.sq_length`" +msgstr "``Py_sq_length`` 设置 :c:member:`PySequenceMethods.sq_length`" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:487 +msgid "" +"The following “offset” fields cannot be set using :c:type:`PyType_Slot`:" +msgstr "下列 “offset” 字段不可使用 :c:type:`PyType_Slot` 来设置:" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:489 +msgid "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` (use " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` instead if possible)" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` (如果可能请改用 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF`)" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:491 +msgid "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` (use " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` instead if possible)" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` (如果可能请改用 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT`)" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:493 +msgid "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` (use " +"``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"`` in :ref:`PyMemberDef `)" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` (请使用 :ref:`PyMemberDef " +"` 中的 ``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"``)" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:497 +msgid "" +"If it is not possible to switch to a ``MANAGED`` flag (for example, for " +"vectorcall or to support Python older than 3.12), specify the offset in " +":c:member:`Py_tp_members `. See :ref:`PyMemberDef " +"documentation ` for details." +msgstr "" +"如果无法转为 ``MANAGED`` 旗标 (例如，对于 vectorcall 或是为了支持早于 Python 3.12 的版本)，请在 " +":c:member:`Py_tp_members ` 中指定 offset。 详情参见 " +":ref:`PyMemberDef documentation `。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:503 +msgid "The following fields cannot be set at all when creating a heap type:" +msgstr "以下字段在创建堆类型时完全不可设置:" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:505 +msgid "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall` (use " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` and/or :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`)" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall` (请使用 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 和/或 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`)" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:509 +msgid "" +"Internal fields: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_mro`, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_cache`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses`, and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist`." +msgstr "" +"内部字段: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_mro`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_cache`, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses` " +"和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist`。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Setting :c:data:`Py_tp_bases` or :c:data:`Py_tp_base` may be problematic on " +"some platforms. To avoid issues, use the *bases* argument of " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` instead." +msgstr "" +"在某些平台上设置 :c:data:`Py_tp_bases` 或 :c:data:`Py_tp_base` 可能会有问题。 为了避免问题，请改用 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` 的 *bases* 参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:521 +msgid "Slots in :c:type:`PyBufferProcs` may be set in the unlimited API." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyBufferProcs` 中的槽位可能会在不受限 API 中被设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:524 +msgid "" +":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_getbuffer` and " +":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` are now available under the " +":ref:`limited API `." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_getbuffer` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` 将在 :ref:`受限 API `" +" 中可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:531 +msgid "" +"The desired value of the slot. In most cases, this is a pointer to a " +"function." +msgstr "该槽位的预期值。 在大多数情况下，这将是一个指向函数的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:534 +msgid "Slots other than ``Py_tp_doc`` may not be ``NULL``." +msgstr "``Py_tp_doc`` 以外的槽位均不可为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:8 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../c-api/type.rst:8 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" diff --git a/c-api/typehints.po b/c-api/typehints.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..152839e1a --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/typehints.po @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/typehints.rst:6 +msgid "Objects for Type Hinting" +msgstr "类型注解对象" + +#: ../../c-api/typehints.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Various built-in types for type hinting are provided. Currently, two types " +"exist -- :ref:`GenericAlias ` and :ref:`Union `. Only ``GenericAlias`` is exposed to C." +msgstr "" +"提供几种用于类型提示的内置类型。 目前存在两种类型 -- :ref:`GenericAlias ` 和 " +":ref:`Union `。 只有 ``GenericAlias`` 会向 C 开放。" + +#: ../../c-api/typehints.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Create a :ref:`GenericAlias ` object. Equivalent to " +"calling the Python class :class:`types.GenericAlias`. The *origin* and " +"*args* arguments set the ``GenericAlias``\\ 's ``__origin__`` and " +"``__args__`` attributes respectively. *origin* should be a " +":c:expr:`PyTypeObject*`, and *args* can be a :c:expr:`PyTupleObject*` or any" +" ``PyObject*``. If *args* passed is not a tuple, a 1-tuple is automatically" +" constructed and ``__args__`` is set to ``(args,)``. Minimal checking is " +"done for the arguments, so the function will succeed even if *origin* is not" +" a type. The ``GenericAlias``\\ 's ``__parameters__`` attribute is " +"constructed lazily from ``__args__``. On failure, an exception is raised " +"and ``NULL`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :ref:`GenericAlias ` 对象。 相当于调用 Python 类 " +":class:`types.GenericAlias`。 参数 *origin* 和 *args* 分别设置 ``GenericAlias`` 的 " +"``__origin__`` 和 ``__args__`` 属性。 *origin* 应该是一个 :c:expr:`PyTypeObject*`，而 " +"*args* 可以是一个 :c:expr:`PyTupleObject*` 或者任意 ``PyObject*``。 如果传递的 *args* " +"不是一个元组，则会自动构造一个单元组并将 ``__args__`` 设置为 ``(args,)``。 对参数进行了最小限度的检查，因此即使 " +"*origin* 不是类型函数也会成功。 ``GenericAlias`` 的 ``__parameters__`` 属性是从 ``__args__``" +" 懒加载的。 如果失败，则会引发一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typehints.rst:28 +msgid "Here's an example of how to make an extension type generic::" +msgstr "下面是一个如何创建一个扩展类型泛型的例子::" + +#: ../../c-api/typehints.rst:30 +msgid "" +"...\n" +"static PyMethodDef my_obj_methods[] = {\n" +" // Other methods.\n" +" ...\n" +" {\"__class_getitem__\", Py_GenericAlias, METH_O|METH_CLASS, \"See PEP 585\"}\n" +" ...\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"...\n" +"static PyMethodDef my_obj_methods[] = {\n" +" // 其他方法。\n" +" ...\n" +" {\"__class_getitem__\", Py_GenericAlias, METH_O|METH_CLASS, \"See PEP 585\"}\n" +" ...\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/typehints.rst:38 +msgid "The data model method :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`." +msgstr "数据模型方法 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typehints.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The C type of the object returned by :c:func:`Py_GenericAlias`. Equivalent " +"to :class:`types.GenericAlias` in Python." +msgstr "" +"由 :c:func:`Py_GenericAlias` 所返回的对象的 C 类型。等价于 Python 中的 " +":class:`types.GenericAlias` 。" diff --git a/c-api/typeobj.po b/c-api/typeobj.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe96d8ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/typeobj.po @@ -0,0 +1,4963 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ruoyu zhang , 2021 +# 文博 周 , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# Lu , 2022 +# ww song , 2022 +# chime z , 2022 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# Shan Su, 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2023 +# Kevin Deng , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:6 +msgid "Type Object Structures" +msgstr "类型对象结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Perhaps one of the most important structures of the Python object system is " +"the structure that defines a new type: the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` structure." +" Type objects can be handled using any of the ``PyObject_*`` or " +"``PyType_*`` functions, but do not offer much that's interesting to most " +"Python applications. These objects are fundamental to how objects behave, so" +" they are very important to the interpreter itself and to any extension " +"module that implements new types." +msgstr "" +"Python 对象系统中最重要的一个结构体也许是定义新类型的结构体: :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 结构体。 类型对象可以使用任何 " +"``PyObject_*`` 或 ``PyType_*`` 函数来处理，但并未提供大多数 Python 应用程序会感兴趣的东西。 " +"这些对象是对象行为的基础，所以它们对解释器本身及任何实现新类型的扩展模块都非常重要。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Type objects are fairly large compared to most of the standard types. The " +"reason for the size is that each type object stores a large number of " +"values, mostly C function pointers, each of which implements a small part of" +" the type's functionality. The fields of the type object are examined in " +"detail in this section. The fields will be described in the order in which " +"they occur in the structure." +msgstr "" +"与大多数标准类型相比，类型对象相当大。这么大的原因是每个类型对象存储了大量的值，大部分是C函数指针，每个指针实现了类型功能的一小部分。本节将详细描述类型对象的字段。这些字段将按照它们在结构中出现的顺序进行描述。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:23 +msgid "" +"In addition to the following quick reference, the :ref:`typedef-examples` " +"section provides at-a-glance insight into the meaning and use of " +":c:type:`PyTypeObject`." +msgstr "" +"除了下面的快速参考， :ref:`typedef-examples` 小节提供了快速了解 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` " +"的含义和用法的例子。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:29 +msgid "Quick Reference" +msgstr "快速参考" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:34 +msgid "\"tp slots\"" +msgstr "\"tp 槽位\"" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:40 +msgid "PyTypeObject Slot [#slots]_" +msgstr "PyTypeObject 槽位 [#slots]_" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:40 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:201 +msgid ":ref:`Type `" +msgstr ":ref:`类型 `" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:40 +msgid "special methods/attrs" +msgstr "特殊方法/属性" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:40 +msgid "Info [#cols]_" +msgstr "信息 [#cols]_" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:42 +msgid "O" +msgstr "O" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:42 +msgid "T" +msgstr "T" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:42 +msgid "D" +msgstr "D" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:42 +msgid "I" +msgstr "I" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:44 +msgid " :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name`" +msgstr " :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:44 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:86 +msgid "const char *" +msgstr "const char *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:44 +msgid "__name__" +msgstr "__name__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:44 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:46 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:48 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:50 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:52 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:62 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:70 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:72 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:74 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:76 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:79 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:84 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:86 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:88 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:90 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:92 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:99 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:101 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:103 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:105 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:107 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:109 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:111 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:115 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:117 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:120 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:122 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:124 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:126 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:128 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:130 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:146 +msgid "X" +msgstr "X" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:46 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:46 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:48 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:52 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:99 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:120 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:416 +msgid ":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:48 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:50 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:50 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:142 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:146 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:346 +msgid ":c:type:`destructor`" +msgstr ":c:type:`destructor`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:52 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:54 +msgid "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr`)" +msgstr "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr`)" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:54 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:370 +msgid ":c:type:`getattrfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`getattrfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:54 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:76 +msgid "__getattribute__, __getattr__" +msgstr "__getattribute__, __getattr__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:54 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:57 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:70 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:76 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:79 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:88 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:90 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:92 +msgid "G" +msgstr "G" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:57 +msgid "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr`)" +msgstr "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr`)" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:57 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:375 +msgid ":c:type:`setattrfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`setattrfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:57 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:79 +msgid "__setattr__, __delattr__" +msgstr "__setattr__, __delattr__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:60 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_async`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_async`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:60 +msgid ":c:type:`PyAsyncMethods` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyAsyncMethods` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:60 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:64 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:66 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:68 +msgid ":ref:`sub-slots`" +msgstr ":ref:`sub-slots`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:60 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:64 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:66 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:68 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:82 +msgid "%" +msgstr "%" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:62 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:62 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:74 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:368 +msgid ":c:type:`reprfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`reprfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:62 +msgid "__repr__" +msgstr "__repr__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:64 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_number`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_number`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:64 +msgid ":c:type:`PyNumberMethods` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyNumberMethods` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:66 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_sequence`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_sequence`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:66 +msgid ":c:type:`PySequenceMethods` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`PySequenceMethods` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:68 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_mapping`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_mapping`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:68 +msgid ":c:type:`PyMappingMethods` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyMappingMethods` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:70 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:70 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:404 +msgid ":c:type:`hashfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`hashfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:70 +msgid "__hash__" +msgstr "__hash__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:72 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:72 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:237 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:240 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:440 +msgid ":c:type:`ternaryfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`ternaryfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:72 +msgid "__call__" +msgstr "__call__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:74 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:74 +msgid "__str__" +msgstr "__str__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:76 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:76 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:381 +msgid ":c:type:`getattrofunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`getattrofunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:79 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:79 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:386 +msgid ":c:type:`setattrofunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`setattrofunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:82 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:82 +msgid ":c:type:`PyBufferProcs` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyBufferProcs` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:84 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:84 +msgid "unsigned long" +msgstr "unsigned long" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:84 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:99 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:113 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:120 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:124 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:126 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:128 +msgid "?" +msgstr "?" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:86 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_doc`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_doc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:86 +msgid "__doc__" +msgstr "__doc__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:88 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:88 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:350 +msgid ":c:type:`traverseproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`traverseproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:90 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:90 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:130 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:248 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:429 +msgid ":c:type:`inquiry`" +msgstr ":c:type:`inquiry`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:92 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:92 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:406 +msgid ":c:type:`richcmpfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`richcmpfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:92 +msgid "__lt__, __le__, __eq__, __ne__, __gt__, __ge__" +msgstr "__lt__, __le__, __eq__, __ne__, __gt__, __ge__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:99 +msgid "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset`)" +msgstr "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset`)" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:101 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:101 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:412 +msgid ":c:type:`getiterfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`getiterfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:101 +msgid "__iter__" +msgstr "__iter__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:103 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:103 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:414 +msgid ":c:type:`iternextfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`iternextfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:103 +msgid "__next__" +msgstr "__next__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:105 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:105 +msgid ":c:type:`PyMethodDef` []" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyMethodDef` []" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:107 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:107 +msgid ":c:type:`PyMemberDef` []" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyMemberDef` []" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:109 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getset`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getset`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:109 +msgid ":c:type:`PyGetSetDef` []" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyGetSetDef` []" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:111 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:111 +msgid ":c:type:`PyTypeObject` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyTypeObject` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:111 +msgid "__base__" +msgstr "__base__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:113 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:113 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:132 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:134 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:136 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:140 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:341 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:346 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:356 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:368 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:370 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:381 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:392 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:404 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:406 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:412 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:414 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:416 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:429 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:431 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:435 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:440 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:446 +msgid ":c:type:`PyObject` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyObject` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:113 +msgid "__dict__" +msgstr "__dict__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:115 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_get`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_get`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:115 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:392 +msgid ":c:type:`descrgetfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`descrgetfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:115 +msgid "__get__" +msgstr "__get__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:117 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_set`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_set`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:117 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:398 +msgid ":c:type:`descrsetfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`descrsetfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:117 +msgid "__set__, __delete__" +msgstr "__set__, __delete__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:120 +msgid "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset`)" +msgstr "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset`)" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:122 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:122 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:362 +msgid ":c:type:`initproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`initproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:122 +msgid "__init__" +msgstr "__init__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:124 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:124 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:341 +msgid ":c:type:`allocfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`allocfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:126 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:126 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:356 +msgid ":c:type:`newfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`newfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:126 +msgid "__new__" +msgstr "__new__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:128 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:128 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:348 +msgid ":c:type:`freefunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`freefunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:130 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_is_gc`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_is_gc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:132 +msgid "<:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_bases`>" +msgstr "<:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_bases`>" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:132 +msgid "__bases__" +msgstr "__bases__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:132 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:134 +msgid "~" +msgstr "~" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:134 +msgid "<:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_mro`>" +msgstr "<:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_mro`>" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:134 +msgid "__mro__" +msgstr "__mro__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:136 +msgid "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_cache`]" +msgstr "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_cache`]" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:138 +msgid "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses`]" +msgstr "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses`]" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:138 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:279 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:348 +msgid "void *" +msgstr "void *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:138 +msgid "__subclasses__" +msgstr "__subclasses__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:140 +msgid "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist`]" +msgstr "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist`]" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:142 +msgid "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_del`)" +msgstr "(:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_del`)" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:144 +msgid "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_version_tag`]" +msgstr "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_version_tag`]" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:144 +msgid "unsigned int" +msgstr "unsigned int" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:146 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:146 +msgid "__del__" +msgstr "__del__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:148 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:148 +msgid ":c:type:`vectorcallfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`vectorcallfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:150 +msgid "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_watched`]" +msgstr "[:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_watched`]" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:150 +msgid "unsigned char" +msgstr "unsigned char" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:155 +msgid "" +"**()**: A slot name in parentheses indicates it is (effectively) deprecated." +msgstr "**（）**：括号中的插槽名称表示（实际上）已弃用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:157 +msgid "" +"**<>**: Names in angle brackets should be initially set to ``NULL`` and " +"treated as read-only." +msgstr "**<>**: 尖括号内的名称在初始时应设为 ``NULL`` 并被视为是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:160 +msgid "**[]**: Names in square brackets are for internal use only." +msgstr "**[]**: 方括号内的名称仅供内部使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:162 +msgid "" +"**** (as a prefix) means the field is required (must be non-``NULL``)." +msgstr "**** (作为前缀) 表示字段是必需的 (不能是 ``NULL``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:164 +msgid "Columns:" +msgstr "列：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:166 +msgid "**\"O\"**: set on :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type`" +msgstr "**\"O\"**: 在 :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 上设置" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:168 +msgid "**\"T\"**: set on :c:data:`PyType_Type`" +msgstr "**\"T\"**: 在 :c:data:`PyType_Type` 上设置" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:170 +msgid "**\"D\"**: default (if slot is set to ``NULL``)" +msgstr "**\"D\"**: 默认设置(如果方法槽被设置为NULL)" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:172 +msgid "" +"X - PyType_Ready sets this value if it is NULL\n" +"~ - PyType_Ready always sets this value (it should be NULL)\n" +"? - PyType_Ready may set this value depending on other slots\n" +"\n" +"Also see the inheritance column (\"I\")." +msgstr "" +"X - PyType_Ready 如其为 NULL 则设置该值\n" +"~ - PyType_Ready 始终设置该值 (它应当为 NULL)\n" +"? - PyType_Ready 根据其他槽位可能设置该值\n" +"\n" +"另请参阅继承列 (\"I\")。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:180 +msgid "**\"I\"**: inheritance" +msgstr "**\"I\"**: 继承" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:182 +msgid "" +"X - type slot is inherited via *PyType_Ready* if defined with a *NULL* value\n" +"% - the slots of the sub-struct are inherited individually\n" +"G - inherited, but only in combination with other slots; see the slot's description\n" +"? - it's complicated; see the slot's description" +msgstr "" +"X - 如果使用 *NULL* 值定义则类型槽位将通过 *PyType_Ready* 继承\n" +"% - 子结构体的槽位是单独继承的\n" +"G - 已继承，但仅会与其他槽位相结合；参见槽位的说明\n" +"? - 较复杂；参见槽位的说明" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Note that some slots are effectively inherited through the normal attribute " +"lookup chain." +msgstr "注意，有些方法槽是通过普通属性查找链有效继承的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:195 +msgid "sub-slots" +msgstr "子槽位" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:201 +msgid "Slot" +msgstr "槽位" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:201 +msgid "special methods" +msgstr "特殊方法" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:204 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_await`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_await`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:204 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:206 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:208 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:242 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:244 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:246 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:250 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:277 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:281 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:291 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:431 +msgid ":c:type:`unaryfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`unaryfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:204 +msgid "__await__" +msgstr "__await__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:206 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_aiter`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_aiter`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:206 +msgid "__aiter__" +msgstr "__aiter__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:208 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_anext`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_anext`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:208 +msgid "__anext__" +msgstr "__anext__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:210 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_send`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_send`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:210 +msgid ":c:type:`sendfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`sendfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:214 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:214 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:217 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:219 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:222 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:224 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:227 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:229 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:232 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:234 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:252 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:255 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:257 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:260 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:262 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:265 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:267 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:270 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:272 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:275 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:283 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:285 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:287 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:289 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:293 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:296 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:302 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:311 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:322 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:435 +msgid ":c:type:`binaryfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`binaryfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:214 +msgid "__add__ __radd__" +msgstr "__add__ __radd__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:217 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_add`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_add`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:217 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:322 +msgid "__iadd__" +msgstr "__iadd__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:219 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_subtract`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_subtract`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:219 +msgid "__sub__ __rsub__" +msgstr "__sub__ __rsub__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:222 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_subtract`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_subtract`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:222 +msgid "__isub__" +msgstr "__isub__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:224 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_multiply`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_multiply`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:224 +msgid "__mul__ __rmul__" +msgstr "__mul__ __rmul__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:227 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_multiply`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_multiply`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:227 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:324 +msgid "__imul__" +msgstr "__imul__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:229 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_remainder`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_remainder`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:229 +msgid "__mod__ __rmod__" +msgstr "__mod__ __rmod__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:232 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_remainder`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_remainder`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:232 +msgid "__imod__" +msgstr "__imod__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:234 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_divmod`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_divmod`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:234 +msgid "__divmod__ __rdivmod__" +msgstr "__divmod__ __rdivmod__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:237 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_power`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_power`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:237 +msgid "__pow__ __rpow__" +msgstr "__pow__ __rpow__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:240 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_power`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_power`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:240 +msgid "__ipow__" +msgstr "__ipow__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:242 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_negative`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_negative`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:242 +msgid "__neg__" +msgstr "__neg__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:244 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_positive`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_positive`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:244 +msgid "__pos__" +msgstr "__pos__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:246 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_absolute`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_absolute`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:246 +msgid "__abs__" +msgstr "__abs__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:248 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_bool`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_bool`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:248 +msgid "__bool__" +msgstr "__bool__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:250 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_invert`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_invert`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:250 +msgid "__invert__" +msgstr "__invert__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:252 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_lshift`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_lshift`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:252 +msgid "__lshift__ __rlshift__" +msgstr "__lshift__ __rlshift__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:255 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_lshift`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_lshift`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:255 +msgid "__ilshift__" +msgstr "__ilshift__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:257 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_rshift`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_rshift`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:257 +msgid "__rshift__ __rrshift__" +msgstr "__rshift__ __rrshift__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:260 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_rshift`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_rshift`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:260 +msgid "__irshift__" +msgstr "__irshift__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:262 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_and`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_and`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:262 +msgid "__and__ __rand__" +msgstr "__and__ __rand__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:265 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_and`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_and`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:265 +msgid "__iand__" +msgstr "__iand__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:267 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_xor`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_xor`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:267 +msgid "__xor__ __rxor__" +msgstr "__xor__ __rxor__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:270 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_xor`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_xor`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:270 +msgid "__ixor__" +msgstr "__ixor__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:272 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_or`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_or`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:272 +msgid "__or__ __ror__" +msgstr "__or__ __ror__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:275 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_or`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_or`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:275 +msgid "__ior__" +msgstr "__ior__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:277 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_int`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_int`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:277 +msgid "__int__" +msgstr "__int__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:279 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_reserved`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_reserved`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:281 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_float`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_float`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:281 +msgid "__float__" +msgstr "__float__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:283 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_floor_divide`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_floor_divide`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:283 +msgid "__floordiv__" +msgstr "__floordiv__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:285 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_floor_divide`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_floor_divide`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:285 +msgid "__ifloordiv__" +msgstr "__ifloordiv__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:287 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_true_divide`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_true_divide`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:287 +msgid "__truediv__" +msgstr "__truediv__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:289 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_true_divide`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_true_divide`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:289 +msgid "__itruediv__" +msgstr "__itruediv__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:291 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_index`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_index`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:291 +msgid "__index__" +msgstr "__index__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:293 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_matrix_multiply`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_matrix_multiply`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:293 +msgid "__matmul__ __rmatmul__" +msgstr "__matmul__ __rmatmul__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:296 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_matrix_multiply`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_matrix_multiply`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:296 +msgid "__imatmul__" +msgstr "__imatmul__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:300 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_length`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_length`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:300 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:309 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:416 +msgid ":c:type:`lenfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`lenfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:300 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:309 +msgid "__len__" +msgstr "__len__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:302 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_subscript`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_subscript`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:302 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:315 +msgid "__getitem__" +msgstr "__getitem__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:304 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_ass_subscript`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_ass_subscript`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:304 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:462 +msgid ":c:type:`objobjargproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`objobjargproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:304 +msgid "__setitem__, __delitem__" +msgstr "__setitem__, __delitem__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:309 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_length`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_length`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:311 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_concat`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_concat`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:311 +msgid "__add__" +msgstr "__add__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:313 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_repeat`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_repeat`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:313 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:315 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:324 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:446 +msgid ":c:type:`ssizeargfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`ssizeargfunc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:313 +msgid "__mul__" +msgstr "__mul__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:315 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:317 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_ass_item`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_ass_item`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:317 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:451 +msgid ":c:type:`ssizeobjargproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`ssizeobjargproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:317 +msgid "__setitem__ __delitem__" +msgstr "__setitem__ __delitem__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:320 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_contains`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_contains`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:320 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:457 +msgid ":c:type:`objobjproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`objobjproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:320 +msgid "__contains__" +msgstr "__contains__" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:322 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_inplace_concat`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_inplace_concat`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:324 +msgid ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_inplace_repeat`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_inplace_repeat`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:328 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_getbuffer`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_getbuffer`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:328 +msgid ":c:func:`getbufferproc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`getbufferproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:330 +msgid ":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer`" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:330 +msgid ":c:func:`releasebufferproc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`releasebufferproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:336 +msgid "slot typedefs" +msgstr "槽位 typedef" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:339 +msgid "typedef" +msgstr "typedef" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:339 +msgid "Parameter Types" +msgstr "参数类型" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:339 +msgid "Return Type" +msgstr "返回类型" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:346 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:348 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:424 +msgid "void" +msgstr "void" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 +msgid ":c:type:`visitproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`visitproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:350 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:362 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:375 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:386 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:398 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:418 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:429 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:451 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:457 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:462 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:404 +msgid "Py_hash_t" +msgstr "Py_hash_t" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:418 +msgid ":c:type:`getbufferproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`getbufferproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:0 +msgid ":c:type:`Py_buffer` *" +msgstr ":c:type:`Py_buffer` *" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:424 +msgid ":c:type:`releasebufferproc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`releasebufferproc`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:469 +msgid "See :ref:`slot-typedefs` below for more detail." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`slot-typedefs` 里有更多详细信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:473 +msgid "PyTypeObject Definition" +msgstr "PyTypeObject 定义" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:475 +msgid "" +"The structure definition for :c:type:`PyTypeObject` can be found in " +":file:`Include/cpython/object.h`. For convenience of reference, this " +"repeats the definition found there:" +msgstr "" +"针对 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的结构定义可以在 :file:`Include/cpython/object.h` 中找到。 " +"为了方便参考，这里复述了其中的定义：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:481 +msgid "" +"typedef struct _typeobject {\n" +" PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" +" const char *tp_name; /* For printing, in format \".\" */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */\n" +"\n" +" /* Methods to implement standard operations */\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_dealloc;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_vectorcall_offset;\n" +" getattrfunc tp_getattr;\n" +" setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" +" PyAsyncMethods *tp_as_async; /* formerly known as tp_compare (Python 2)\n" +" or tp_reserved (Python 3) */\n" +" reprfunc tp_repr;\n" +"\n" +" /* Method suites for standard classes */\n" +"\n" +" PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" +" PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" +" PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;\n" +"\n" +" /* More standard operations (here for binary compatibility) */\n" +"\n" +" hashfunc tp_hash;\n" +" ternaryfunc tp_call;\n" +" reprfunc tp_str;\n" +" getattrofunc tp_getattro;\n" +" setattrofunc tp_setattro;\n" +"\n" +" /* Functions to access object as input/output buffer */\n" +" PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;\n" +"\n" +" /* Flags to define presence of optional/expanded features */\n" +" unsigned long tp_flags;\n" +"\n" +" const char *tp_doc; /* Documentation string */\n" +"\n" +" /* Assigned meaning in release 2.0 */\n" +" /* call function for all accessible objects */\n" +" traverseproc tp_traverse;\n" +"\n" +" /* delete references to contained objects */\n" +" inquiry tp_clear;\n" +"\n" +" /* Assigned meaning in release 2.1 */\n" +" /* rich comparisons */\n" +" richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;\n" +"\n" +" /* weak reference enabler */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;\n" +"\n" +" /* Iterators */\n" +" getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" +" iternextfunc tp_iternext;\n" +"\n" +" /* Attribute descriptor and subclassing stuff */\n" +" struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" +" struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" +" struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;\n" +" // Strong reference on a heap type, borrowed reference on a static type\n" +" struct _typeobject *tp_base;\n" +" PyObject *tp_dict;\n" +" descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;\n" +" descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;\n" +" initproc tp_init;\n" +" allocfunc tp_alloc;\n" +" newfunc tp_new;\n" +" freefunc tp_free; /* Low-level free-memory routine */\n" +" inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */\n" +" PyObject *tp_bases;\n" +" PyObject *tp_mro; /* method resolution order */\n" +" PyObject *tp_cache;\n" +" PyObject *tp_subclasses;\n" +" PyObject *tp_weaklist;\n" +" destructor tp_del;\n" +"\n" +" /* Type attribute cache version tag. Added in version 2.6 */\n" +" unsigned int tp_version_tag;\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_finalize;\n" +" vectorcallfunc tp_vectorcall;\n" +"\n" +" /* bitset of which type-watchers care about this type */\n" +" unsigned char tp_watched;\n" +"} PyTypeObject;\n" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct _typeobject {\n" +" PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" +" const char *tp_name; /* 用于打印，格式为 \".\" */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* 用于分配 */\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于实现标准操作的方法 */\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_dealloc;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_vectorcall_offset;\n" +" getattrfunc tp_getattr;\n" +" setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" +" PyAsyncMethods *tp_as_async; /* 原名为 tp_compare (Python 2)\n" +" 或 tp_reserved (Python 3) */\n" +" reprfunc tp_repr;\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于标准类的方法集 */\n" +"\n" +" PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" +" PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" +" PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;\n" +"\n" +" /* 更多标准操作（这些用于二进制兼容） */\n" +"\n" +" hashfunc tp_hash;\n" +" ternaryfunc tp_call;\n" +" reprfunc tp_str;\n" +" getattrofunc tp_getattro;\n" +" setattrofunc tp_setattro;\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于以输入/输出缓冲区方式访问对象的函数 */\n" +" PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于定义可选/扩展特性是否存在的旗标 */\n" +" unsigned long tp_flags;\n" +"\n" +" const char *tp_doc; /* 文档字符串 */\n" +"\n" +" /* 在 2.0 发布版中分配的含义 */\n" +" /* 为所有可访问的对象调用函数 */\n" +" traverseproc tp_traverse;\n" +"\n" +" /* 删除对所包含对象的引用 */\n" +" inquiry tp_clear;\n" +"\n" +" /* 在 2.1 发布版中分配的含义 */\n" +" /* 富比较操作 */\n" +" richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;\n" +"\n" +" /* 弱引用的启用 */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;\n" +"\n" +" /* 迭代器 */\n" +" getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" +" iternextfunc tp_iternext;\n" +"\n" +" /* 属性描述器和子类化内容 */\n" +" struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" +" struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" +" struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;\n" +" // 堆类型的强引用，静态类型的借入引用\n" +" struct _typeobject *tp_base;\n" +" PyObject *tp_dict;\n" +" descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;\n" +" descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;\n" +" initproc tp_init;\n" +" allocfunc tp_alloc;\n" +" newfunc tp_new;\n" +" freefunc tp_free; /* 低层级的释放内存例程 */\n" +" inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */\n" +" PyObject *tp_bases;\n" +" PyObject *tp_mro; /* 方法解析顺序 */\n" +" PyObject *tp_cache;\n" +" PyObject *tp_subclasses;\n" +" PyObject *tp_weaklist;\n" +" destructor tp_del;\n" +"\n" +" /* 类型属性缓存版本标签。 在 2.6 版中添加 */\n" +" unsigned int tp_version_tag;\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_finalize;\n" +" vectorcallfunc tp_vectorcall;\n" +"\n" +" /* 类型监视器针对此类型的位设置 */\n" +" unsigned char tp_watched;\n" +"} PyTypeObject;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:485 +msgid "PyObject Slots" +msgstr "PyObject 槽位" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:487 +msgid "" +"The type object structure extends the :c:type:`PyVarObject` structure. The " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field is used for dynamic types (created by" +" :c:func:`!type_new`, usually called from a class statement). Note that " +":c:data:`PyType_Type` (the metatype) initializes " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`, which means that its instances (i.e. " +"type objects) *must* have the :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field." +msgstr "" +"类型对象结构体扩展了 :c:type:`PyVarObject` 结构体。 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` " +"字段用于动态类型（由 :c:func:`!type_new` 创建，通常由 class 语句调用）。 请注意 :c:data:`PyType_Type`" +" （元类型）会初始化 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`，这意味着它的实例（即类型对象） *必须* 具有 " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:496 +msgid "" +"This is the type object's reference count, initialized to ``1`` by the " +"``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` macro. Note that for :ref:`statically allocated type" +" objects `, the type's instances (objects whose " +":c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` points back to the type) do *not* count as " +"references. But for :ref:`dynamically allocated type objects `," +" the instances *do* count as references." +msgstr "" +"这是类型对象的引用计数，由 ``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` 宏初始化为 ``1``。 请注意对于 :ref:`静态分配的类型对象 " +"`，类型的实例（其 :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` 指向该类型的对象） *不会被* 计入引用。 " +"但对于 :ref:`动态分配的类型对象 `，实例 *会被* 计入引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:503 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:526 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:543 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:587 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:665 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:741 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:782 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:799 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:816 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:834 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:858 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:875 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:887 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:899 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:932 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:954 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:974 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:995 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1021 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1040 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1056 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1095 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1106 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1116 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1126 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1140 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1158 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1181 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1199 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1212 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1234 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1278 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1299 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1318 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1348 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1370 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1396 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1481 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1555 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1616 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1652 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1677 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1700 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1713 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1728 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1742 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1772 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1804 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1830 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1848 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1877 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1921 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1938 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1979 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2001 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2033 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2061 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2074 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2084 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2101 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2118 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2132 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2165 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2188 +msgid "**Inheritance:**" +msgstr "**继承：**" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:505 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:545 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:589 +msgid "This field is not inherited by subtypes." +msgstr "子类型不继承此字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:510 +msgid "" +"This is the type's type, in other words its metatype. It is initialized by " +"the argument to the ``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` macro, and its value should " +"normally be ``&PyType_Type``. However, for dynamically loadable extension " +"modules that must be usable on Windows (at least), the compiler complains " +"that this is not a valid initializer. Therefore, the convention is to pass " +"``NULL`` to the ``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` macro and to initialize this field " +"explicitly at the start of the module's initialization function, before " +"doing anything else. This is typically done like this::" +msgstr "" +"这是类型的类型，换句话说就是元类型，它由宏 ``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` 的参数来做初始化，它的值一般情况下是 " +"``&PyType_Type`` 。可是为了使动态可载入扩展模块至少在Windows上可用，编译器会报错这是一个不可用的初始化。因此按照惯例传递 " +"``NULL`` 给宏 ``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` 并且在模块的初始化函数开始时候其他任何操作之前初始化这个字段。典型做法是这样的：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:519 +msgid "Foo_Type.ob_type = &PyType_Type;" +msgstr "Foo_Type.ob_type = &PyType_Type;" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:521 +msgid "" +"This should be done before any instances of the type are created. " +":c:func:`PyType_Ready` checks if :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` is ``NULL``, " +"and if so, initializes it to the :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` field of the " +"base class. :c:func:`PyType_Ready` will not change this field if it is non-" +"zero." +msgstr "" +"这应当在创建类型的任何实例之前完成。 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 会检查 :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` " +"是否为 ``NULL``，如果是，则将其初始化为基类的 :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` 字段。 如果该字段为非零值则 " +":c:func:`PyType_Ready` 将不会更改它。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:528 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:743 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:860 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:956 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:976 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1679 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1702 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1832 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1850 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1923 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2035 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2167 +msgid "This field is inherited by subtypes." +msgstr "此字段会被子类型继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:532 +msgid "PyVarObject Slots" +msgstr "PyVarObject 槽位" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:536 +msgid "" +"For :ref:`statically allocated type objects `, this should be " +"initialized to zero. For :ref:`dynamically allocated type objects `, this field has a special internal meaning." +msgstr "" +"对于 :ref:`静态分配的内存对象`，它应该初始化为 0。对于 :ref:`动态分配的类型对象`，该字段具有特殊的内部含义。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:540 +msgid "" +"This field should be accessed using the :c:func:`Py_SIZE()` and " +":c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE()` macros." +msgstr "该字段应当使用 :c:func:`Py_SIZE()` 和 :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE()` 宏来访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:549 +msgid "PyTypeObject Slots" +msgstr "PyTypeObject 槽" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:551 +msgid "" +"Each slot has a section describing inheritance. If :c:func:`PyType_Ready` " +"may set a value when the field is set to ``NULL`` then there will also be a " +"\"Default\" section. (Note that many fields set on " +":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as " +"defaults.)" +msgstr "" +"每个槽位都有一个小节来描述继承关系。 如果 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 可以在字段被设为 ``NULL`` " +"时设置一个值那么还会有一个“默认”小节。 （请注意在 :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 和 " +":c:data:`PyType_Type` 上设置的许多字段实际上就是默认值。）" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:558 +msgid "" +"Pointer to a NUL-terminated string containing the name of the type. For " +"types that are accessible as module globals, the string should be the full " +"module name, followed by a dot, followed by the type name; for built-in " +"types, it should be just the type name. If the module is a submodule of a " +"package, the full package name is part of the full module name. For " +"example, a type named :class:`!T` defined in module :mod:`!M` in subpackage " +":mod:`!Q` in package :mod:`!P` should have the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` initializer ``\"P.Q.M.T\"``." +msgstr "" +"指向包含类型名称的以 NUL 结尾的字符串的指针。 " +"对于可作为模块全局访问的类型，该字符串应为模块全名，后面跟一个点号，然后再加类型名称；对于内置类型，它应当只是类型名称。 " +"如果模块是包的子模块，则包的全名将是模块的全名的一部分。 例如，在包 :mod:`!P` 的子包 :mod:`!Q` 中的模块 :mod:`!M` " +"中定义的名为 :class:`!T` 的类型应当具有 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` 初始化器 " +"``\"P.Q.M.T\"``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:566 +msgid "" +"For :ref:`dynamically allocated type objects `, this should just" +" be the type name, and the module name explicitly stored in the type dict as" +" the value for key ``'__module__'``." +msgstr "" +"对于 :ref:`动态分配的类型对象 `，这应为类型名称，而模块名称将作为 ``'__module__'`` " +"键的值显式地保存在类型字典中。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:571 +msgid "" +"For :ref:`statically allocated type objects `, the *tp_name* " +"field should contain a dot. Everything before the last dot is made " +"accessible as the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute, and everything after " +"the last dot is made accessible as the :attr:`~type.__name__` attribute." +msgstr "" +"对于 :ref:`静态分配的类型对象 `，*tp_name* 字段应当包含一个点号。 最后一个点号之前的所有内容都可作为 " +":attr:`~type.__module__` 属性访问，而最后一个点号之后的所有内容都可作为 :attr:`~type.__name__` " +"属性访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:577 +msgid "" +"If no dot is present, the entire :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` field is " +"made accessible as the :attr:`~type.__name__` attribute, and the " +":attr:`~type.__module__` attribute is undefined (unless explicitly set in " +"the dictionary, as explained above). This means your type will be " +"impossible to pickle. Additionally, it will not be listed in module " +"documentations created with pydoc." +msgstr "" +"如果不存在点号，则整个 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` 字段将作为 :attr:`~type.__name__` " +"属性访问，而 :attr:`~type.__module__` 属性则将是未定义的（除非在字典中显式地设置，如上文所述）。 这意味着无法对你的类型执行 " +"pickle。 此外，它也不会在用 pydoc 创建的模块文档中列出。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:583 +msgid "" +"This field must not be ``NULL``. It is the only required field in " +":c:func:`PyTypeObject` (other than potentially " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`)." +msgstr "" +"该字段不可为 ``NULL``。 它是 :c:func:`PyTypeObject` 中唯一的必填字段（除了潜在的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` 以外）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:595 +msgid "" +"These fields allow calculating the size in bytes of instances of the type." +msgstr "通过这些字段可以计算出该类型实例以字节为单位的大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:597 +msgid "" +"There are two kinds of types: types with fixed-length instances have a zero " +":c:member:`!tp_itemsize` field, types with variable-length instances have a " +"non-zero :c:member:`!tp_itemsize` field. For a type with fixed-length " +"instances, all instances have the same size, given in " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize`. (Exceptions to this rule can be made using " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Object_GC_NewWithExtraData`.)" +msgstr "" +"类型可分为两种：实例为固定长度且 :c:member:`!tp_itemsize` 字段值为零的类型；实例为可变长度且 " +":c:member:`!tp_itemsize` 字段值不为零的类型。 对于实例为固定长度的类型，所有实例都具有相同的由 " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` 给出的大小。 （这条规则的例外情况可通过使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Object_GC_NewWithExtraData` 来实现。）" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:604 +msgid "" +"For a type with variable-length instances, the instances must have an " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field, and the instance size is " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` plus N times :c:member:`!tp_itemsize`, where N is " +"the \"length\" of the object." +msgstr "" +"对于实例为可变长度的类型，其实例必须具有 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段，且实例大小为 " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` 加 N 乘以 :c:member:`!tp_itemsize`，其中 N 为对象的“长度”。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:609 +msgid "" +"Functions like :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` will take the value of N as an " +"argument, and store in the instance's :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` " +"field. Note that the :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field may later be " +"used for other purposes. For example, :py:type:`int` instances use the bits " +"of :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` in an implementation-defined way; the " +"underlying storage and its size should be accessed using " +":c:func:`PyLong_Export`." +msgstr "" +"像 :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` 这样的函数接受 N 值作为参数，并会将其保存在实例的 " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段中。 请注意 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` " +"字段在此之后可能还有其他用处。 例如，:py:type:`int` 实例会以具体实现所定义的方式来使用 " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 的比特位；下层的存储及其大小应当使用 :c:func:`PyLong_Export` " +"来访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:619 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field should be accessed using the " +":c:func:`Py_SIZE()` and :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE()` macros." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段应当使用 :c:func:`Py_SIZE()` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE()` 宏来访问。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:622 +msgid "" +"Also, the presence of an :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field in the " +"instance layout doesn't mean that the instance structure is variable-length." +" For example, the :py:type:`list` type has fixed-length instances, yet those" +" instances have a :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field. (As with " +":py:type:`int`, avoid reading lists' :c:member:`!ob_size` directly. Call " +":c:func:`PyList_Size` instead.)" +msgstr "" +"此外，实例布局中存在 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段并不意味着该实例结构体是可变长度的。 " +"例如，:py:type:`list` 类型实例即为固定长度，虽然其实例具有 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段。 " +"（和 :py:type:`int` 一样，请避免直接读取 list 的 :c:member:`!ob_size`。 要改为调用 " +":c:func:`PyList_Size` 函数。）" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:629 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`!tp_basicsize` includes size needed for data of the type's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base`, plus any extra data needed by each " +"instance." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` 包括类型的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` " +"所需数据大小，加上每个实例所需额外数据的大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:633 +msgid "" +"The correct way to set :c:member:`!tp_basicsize` is to use the ``sizeof`` " +"operator on the struct used to declare the instance layout. This struct must" +" include the struct used to declare the base type. In other words, " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` must be greater than or equal to the base's " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize`." +msgstr "" +"设置 :c:member:`!tp_basicsize` 的正确方式是在被用于声明实例布局的结构体上使用 ``sizeof`` 运算符。 " +"这个结构体必须包括被用于声明基类型的结构体。 换句话说，:c:member:`!tp_basicsize` 必须大于等于基类型的 " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:639 +msgid "" +"Since every type is a subtype of :py:type:`object`, this struct must include" +" :c:type:`PyObject` or :c:type:`PyVarObject` (depending on whether " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` should be included). These are usually " +"defined by the macro :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` or " +":c:macro:`PyObject_VAR_HEAD`, respectively." +msgstr "" +"由于任何类型都是 :py:type:`object` 的子类型，这个结构体必须包括 :c:type:`PyObject` 或 " +":c:type:`PyVarObject` (具体取决于 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 是否应当被包括)。 " +"它们通常是分别由 :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` 或 :c:macro:`PyObject_VAR_HEAD` 宏来定义的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:645 +msgid "" +"The basic size does not include the GC header size, as that header is not " +"part of :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD`." +msgstr "基础大小不包括 GC 标头大小，因为该标头不是 :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` 的一部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:648 +msgid "" +"For cases where struct used to declare the base type is unknown, see " +":c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` and :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass`." +msgstr "" +"对于用于声明基类型的结构体位置未知的情况，请参见 :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` 和 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:651 +msgid "Notes about alignment:" +msgstr "有关对齐的说明：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:653 +msgid "" +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` must be a multiple of ``_Alignof(PyObject)``. When" +" using ``sizeof`` on a ``struct`` that includes :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD`, as" +" recommended, the compiler ensures this. When not using a C ``struct``, or " +"when using compiler extensions like ``__attribute__((packed))``, it is up to" +" you." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` 必须是 ``_Alignof(PyObject)`` 的位数。 当如建议的那样在包括了 " +":c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` 的 ``struct`` 上使用 ``sizeof`` 时，编译器会确保这一点。 当没有使用 C " +"``struct``，或者当使用像 ``__attribute__((packed))`` 这样的编译器扩展时，这将是你的责任。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:658 +msgid "" +"If the variable items require a particular alignment, " +":c:member:`!tp_basicsize` and :c:member:`!tp_itemsize` must each be a " +"multiple of that alignment. For example, if a type's variable part stores a " +"``double``, it is your responsibility that both fields are a multiple of " +"``_Alignof(double)``." +msgstr "" +"如果可变条目需要特定的对齐，则 :c:member:`!tp_basicsize` 和 :c:member:`!tp_itemsize` " +"必须均为该对齐值的倍数。 举例来说，如果一个类型的可变部分存储了一个 ``double``，你就要负责让这两个字段都是 " +"``_Alignof(double)`` 的倍数。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:667 +msgid "" +"These fields are inherited separately by subtypes. (That is, if the field is" +" set to zero, :c:func:`PyType_Ready` will copy the value from the base type," +" indicating that the instances do not need additional storage.)" +msgstr "" +"这些字段是由子类型分别来继承的。 （也就是说，如果字段被设为零，则 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` " +"将拷贝来自基类型的值，这表示实例不需要额外的存储。）" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:672 +msgid "" +"If the base type has a non-zero :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`, it is" +" generally not safe to set :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` to a " +"different non-zero value in a subtype (though this depends on the " +"implementation of the base type)." +msgstr "" +"如果基类型有一个非零的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`，那么在子类型中将 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` 设置为不同的非零值通常是不安全的（不过这取决于该基类型的具体实现）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:679 +msgid "" +"A pointer to the instance destructor function. This function must be " +"defined unless the type guarantees that its instances will never be " +"deallocated (as is the case for the singletons ``None`` and ``Ellipsis``). " +"The function signature is::" +msgstr "" +"指向实例析构函数的指针。除非保证类型的实例永远不会被释放（就像单例对象 ``None`` 和 ``Ellipsis`` " +"那样），否则必须定义这个函数。函数声明如下：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:683 +msgid "void tp_dealloc(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "void tp_dealloc(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:685 +msgid "" +"The destructor function is called by the :c:func:`Py_DECREF` and " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF` macros when the new reference count is zero. At this " +"point, the instance is still in existence, but there are no references to " +"it. The destructor function should free all references which the instance " +"owns, free all memory buffers owned by the instance (using the freeing " +"function corresponding to the allocation function used to allocate the " +"buffer), and call the type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` function. If" +" the type is not subtypable (doesn't have the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE`" +" flag bit set), it is permissible to call the object deallocator directly " +"instead of via :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`. The object deallocator " +"should be the one used to allocate the instance; this is normally " +":c:func:`PyObject_Del` if the instance was allocated using " +":c:macro:`PyObject_New` or :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`, or " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` if the instance was allocated using " +":c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` or :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`." +msgstr "" +"当新引用计数为零时，:c:func:`Py_DECREF` 和 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 宏会调用析构函数。 " +"此时，实例仍然存在，但已没有了对它的引用。 " +"析构函数应当释放该实例拥有的所有引用，释放实例拥有的所有内存缓冲区（使用与分配缓冲区时所用分配函数相对应的释放函数），并调用类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` 函数。 如果该类型不可子类型化（未设置 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE` 旗标位），则允许直接调用对象的释放器而不必通过 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`。 对象的释放器应为分配实例时所使用的释放器；如果实例是使用 " +":c:macro:`PyObject_New` 或 :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` 分配的，则释放器通常为 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Del`；如果实例是使用 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` 或 " +":c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` 分配的，则释放器通常为 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:700 +msgid "" +"If the type supports garbage collection (has the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit set), the destructor should call " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` before clearing any member fields." +msgstr "" +"如果该类型支持垃圾回收（设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位），则析构器应在清除任何成员字段之前调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:704 +msgid "" +"static void foo_dealloc(foo_object *self) {\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->ref);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void foo_dealloc(foo_object *self) {\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->ref);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:712 +msgid "" +"Finally, if the type is heap allocated (:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`), the" +" deallocator should release the owned reference to its type object (via " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF`) after calling the type deallocator. In order to avoid " +"dangling pointers, the recommended way to achieve this is:" +msgstr "" +"最后，如果该类型是堆分配的 (:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`)，则在调用类型释放器后，释放器应释放对其类型对象的所有引用 " +"(通过 :c:func:`Py_DECREF`)。 为了避免悬空指针，建议的实现方式如下：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:718 +msgid "" +"static void foo_dealloc(foo_object *self) {\n" +" PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);\n" +" // free references and buffers here\n" +" tp->tp_free(self);\n" +" Py_DECREF(tp);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void foo_dealloc(foo_object *self) {\n" +" PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);\n" +" // free references and buffers here\n" +" tp->tp_free(self);\n" +" Py_DECREF(tp);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:729 +msgid "" +"In a garbage collected Python, :c:member:`!tp_dealloc` may be called from " +"any Python thread, not just the thread which created the object (if the " +"object becomes part of a refcount cycle, that cycle might be collected by a " +"garbage collection on any thread). This is not a problem for Python API " +"calls, since the thread on which :c:member:`!tp_dealloc` is called will own " +"the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL). However, if the object being destroyed " +"in turn destroys objects from some other C or C++ library, care should be " +"taken to ensure that destroying those objects on the thread which called " +":c:member:`!tp_dealloc` will not violate any assumptions of the library." +msgstr "" +"在应用垃圾回收机制的 Python 中，:c:member:`!tp_dealloc` 可以从任意 Python " +"线程被调用，而不仅是创建该对象的线程（如果该对象成为引用计数循环的一部分，则该循环可能会被任何线程上的垃圾回收操作所回收） 。这对 Python API" +" 调用来说不是问题，因为 :c:member:`!tp_dealloc` 调用所在的线程将持有全局解释器锁（GIL）。 " +"但是，如果被销毁的对象又销毁了来自其他 C 或 C++ 库的对象，则应当小心地确保在调用 :c:member:`!tp_dealloc` " +"的线程上销毁这些对象不会破坏这个库的任何资源。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:748 +msgid "" +"An optional offset to a per-instance function that implements calling the " +"object using the :ref:`vectorcall protocol `, a more efficient " +"alternative of the simpler :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`." +msgstr "" +"一个相对使用 :ref:`vectorcall 协议 ` 实现调用对象的实例级函数的可选的偏移量，这是一种比简单的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 更有效的替代选择。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:753 +msgid "" +"This field is only used if the flag :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` is" +" set. If so, this must be a positive integer containing the offset in the " +"instance of a :c:type:`vectorcallfunc` pointer." +msgstr "" +"该字段仅在设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 旗标时使用。 在此情况下，它必须为一个包含 " +":c:type:`vectorcallfunc` 指针实例中的偏移量的正整数。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:757 +msgid "" +"The *vectorcallfunc* pointer may be ``NULL``, in which case the instance " +"behaves as if :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` was not set: calling the" +" instance falls back to :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`." +msgstr "" +"*vectorcallfunc* 指针可能为 ``NULL``，在这种情况下实例的行为就像 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 没有被设置一样：调用实例操作会回退至 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:761 +msgid "" +"Any class that sets ``Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL`` must also set " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` and make sure its behaviour is consistent " +"with the *vectorcallfunc* function. This can be done by setting *tp_call* to" +" :c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call`." +msgstr "" +"任何设置了 ``Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL`` 的类也必须设置 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 并确保其行为与 *vectorcallfunc* 函数一致。 这可以通过将 " +"*tp_call* 设为 :c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call` 来实现。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Before version 3.8, this slot was named ``tp_print``. In Python 2.x, it was " +"used for printing to a file. In Python 3.0 to 3.7, it was unused." +msgstr "" +"在 3.8 版之前，这个槽位被命名为 ``tp_print``。 在 Python 2.x 中，它被用于打印到文件。 在 Python 3.0 至 " +"3.7 中，它没有被使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:774 +msgid "" +"Before version 3.12, it was not recommended for :ref:`mutable heap types " +"` to implement the vectorcall protocol. When a user sets " +":attr:`~object.__call__` in Python code, only *tp_call* is updated, likely " +"making it inconsistent with the vectorcall function. Since 3.12, setting " +"``__call__`` will disable vectorcall optimization by clearing the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` flag." +msgstr "" +"在 3.12 版之前，不推荐 :ref:`可变堆类型 ` 实现 vectorcall 协议。 当用户在 Python 代码中设置" +" :attr:`~object.__call__` 时，只有 *tp_call* 会被更新，很可能使它与 vectorcall 函数不一致。 自 " +"3.12 起，设置 ``__call__`` 将通过清除 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 旗标来禁用 " +"vectorcall 优化。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:784 +msgid "" +"This field is always inherited. However, the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` flag is not always inherited. If it's " +"not set, then the subclass won't use :ref:`vectorcall `, except " +"when :c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call` is explicitly called." +msgstr "" +"该字段总是会被继承。 但是，:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 旗标并不总是会被继承。 " +"如果它未被设置，则子类不会使用 :ref:`vectorcall `，除非显式地调用了 " +":c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:793 +msgid "An optional pointer to the get-attribute-string function." +msgstr "一个指向获取属性字符串函数的可选指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:795 +msgid "" +"This field is deprecated. When it is defined, it should point to a function" +" that acts the same as the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` function, " +"but taking a C string instead of a Python string object to give the " +"attribute name." +msgstr "" +"该字段已弃用。当它被定义时，应该和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` " +"指向同一个函数，但接受一个C字符串参数表示属性名，而不是Python字符串对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:801 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:997 +msgid "" +"Group: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`" +msgstr "" +"分组: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:803 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`: a subtype inherits both " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` from its base type when the subtype's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` are both ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` 所继承：当子类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`" +" 均为 ``NULL`` 时该子类型将从它的基类型同时继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:810 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to the function for setting and deleting attributes." +msgstr "一个指向函数以便设置和删除属性的可选指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:812 +msgid "" +"This field is deprecated. When it is defined, it should point to a function" +" that acts the same as the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` function, " +"but taking a C string instead of a Python string object to give the " +"attribute name." +msgstr "" +"该字段已弃用。当它被定义时，应该和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` " +"指向同一个函数，但接受一个C字符串参数表示属性名，而不是Python字符串对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:818 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"Group: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`" +msgstr "" +"分组: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:820 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`: a subtype inherits both " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` from its base type when the subtype's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` are both ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类型和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` 所继承：当子类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`" +" 均为 ``NULL`` 时该子类型将同时从它的基类型继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Pointer to an additional structure that contains fields relevant only to " +"objects which implement :term:`awaitable` and :term:`asynchronous iterator` " +"protocols at the C-level. See :ref:`async-structs` for details." +msgstr "" +"指向一个包含仅与在 C 层级上实现 :term:`awaitable` 和 :term:`asynchronous iterator` " +"协议的对象相关联的字段的附加结构体。 请参阅 :ref:`async-structs` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:831 +msgid "Formerly known as ``tp_compare`` and ``tp_reserved``." +msgstr "在之前被称为 ``tp_compare`` 和 ``tp_reserved``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:836 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_async` field is not inherited, but the " +"contained fields are inherited individually." +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_async` 字段不会被继承，但所包含的字段会被单独继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:844 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a function that implements the built-in function " +":func:`repr`." +msgstr "一个实现了内置函数 :func:`repr` 的函数的可选指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:847 +msgid "The signature is the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_Repr`::" +msgstr "该签名与 :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` 的相同::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:849 +msgid "PyObject *tp_repr(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_repr(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:851 +msgid "" +"The function must return a string or a Unicode object. Ideally, this " +"function should return a string that, when passed to :func:`eval`, given a " +"suitable environment, returns an object with the same value. If this is not" +" feasible, it should return a string starting with ``'<'`` and ending with " +"``'>'`` from which both the type and the value of the object can be deduced." +msgstr "" +"该函数必须返回一个字符串或 Unicode 对象。 在理想情况下，该函数应当返回一个字符串，当将其传给 :func:`eval` " +"时，只要有合适的环境，就会返回一个具有相同值的对象。 如果这不可行，则它应当返回一个以 ``'<'`` 开头并以 ``'>'`` " +"结尾的可被用来推断出对象的类型和值的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:862 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:941 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:978 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1003 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1029 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1070 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1625 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1659 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1776 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1809 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1884 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1925 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1943 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1985 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2006 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2037 +msgid "**Default:**" +msgstr "**默认：**" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:864 +msgid "" +"When this field is not set, a string of the form ``<%s object at %p>`` is " +"returned, where ``%s`` is replaced by the type name, and ``%p`` by the " +"object's memory address." +msgstr "" +"如果未设置该字段，则返回 ``<%s object at %p>`` 形式的字符串，其中 ``%s`` 将替换为类型名称，``%p`` " +"将替换为对象的内存地址。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:871 +msgid "" +"Pointer to an additional structure that contains fields relevant only to " +"objects which implement the number protocol. These fields are documented in" +" :ref:`number-structs`." +msgstr "指向一个附加结构体的指针，其中包含只与执行数字协议的对象相关的字段。 这些字段的文档参见 :ref:`number-structs`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:877 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_number` field is not inherited, but the " +"contained fields are inherited individually." +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_number` 字段不会被继承，但所包含的字段会被单独继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:883 +msgid "" +"Pointer to an additional structure that contains fields relevant only to " +"objects which implement the sequence protocol. These fields are documented " +"in :ref:`sequence-structs`." +msgstr "指向一个附加结构体的指针，其中包含只与执行序列协议的对象相关的字段。 这些字段的文档见 :ref:`sequence-structs`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:889 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_sequence` field is not inherited, but the" +" contained fields are inherited individually." +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_sequence` 字段不会被继承，但所包含的字段会被单独继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:895 +msgid "" +"Pointer to an additional structure that contains fields relevant only to " +"objects which implement the mapping protocol. These fields are documented " +"in :ref:`mapping-structs`." +msgstr "指向一个附加结构体的指针，其中包含只与执行映射协议的对象相关的字段。 这些字段的文档见 :ref:`mapping-structs`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:901 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_mapping` field is not inherited, but the " +"contained fields are inherited individually." +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_mapping` 字段不会继承，但所包含的字段会被单独继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:909 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a function that implements the built-in function " +":func:`hash`." +msgstr "一个指向实现了内置函数 :func:`hash` 的函数的可选指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:912 +msgid "The signature is the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`::" +msgstr "其签名与 :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` 的相同::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:914 +msgid "Py_hash_t tp_hash(PyObject *);" +msgstr "Py_hash_t tp_hash(PyObject *);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:916 +msgid "" +"The value ``-1`` should not be returned as a normal return value; when an " +"error occurs during the computation of the hash value, the function should " +"set an exception and return ``-1``." +msgstr "``-1`` 不应作为正常返回值被返回；当计算哈希值过程中发生错误时，函数应设置一个异常并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:920 +msgid "" +"When this field is not set (*and* :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` " +"is not set), an attempt to take the hash of the object raises " +":exc:`TypeError`. This is the same as setting it to " +":c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented`." +msgstr "" +"当该字段（*和* :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`）都未设置，尝试对该对象取哈希会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。这与将其设为 :c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented` 相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:924 +msgid "" +"This field can be set explicitly to :c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented` to" +" block inheritance of the hash method from a parent type. This is " +"interpreted as the equivalent of ``__hash__ = None`` at the Python level, " +"causing ``isinstance(o, collections.Hashable)`` to correctly return " +"``False``. Note that the converse is also true - setting ``__hash__ = None``" +" on a class at the Python level will result in the ``tp_hash`` slot being " +"set to :c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented`." +msgstr "" +"此字段可被显式设为 :c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented` 以阻止从父类型继承哈希方法。在 Python " +"层面这被解释为 ``__hash__ = None`` 的等价物，使得 ``isinstance(o, collections.Hashable)`` " +"正确返回 ``False``.。请注意反过来也是如此：在 Python 层面设置一个类的 ``__hash__ = None`` 会使得 " +"``tp_hash`` 槽位被设置为 :c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:934 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1618 +msgid "" +"Group: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`" +msgstr "" +"分组: :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:936 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`: a subtype inherits both of " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`, when the subtype's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash` are both ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类型同 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` 一起继承：当子类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`" +" 均为 ``NULL`` 时子类型将同时继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:943 +msgid ":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses :c:func:`PyObject_GenericHash`." +msgstr ":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 使用 :c:func:`PyObject_GenericHash`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:948 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a function that implements calling the object. This " +"should be ``NULL`` if the object is not callable. The signature is the same" +" as for :c:func:`PyObject_Call`::" +msgstr "" +"一个可选的实现对象调用的指向函数的指针。 如果对象不是可调用对象则该值应为 ``NULL``。 其签名与 :c:func:`PyObject_Call`" +" 的相同::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:952 +msgid "PyObject *tp_call(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_call(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:961 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a function that implements the built-in operation " +":func:`str`. (Note that :class:`str` is a type now, and :func:`str` calls " +"the constructor for that type. This constructor calls " +":c:func:`PyObject_Str` to do the actual work, and :c:func:`PyObject_Str` " +"will call this handler.)" +msgstr "" +"一个可选的实现内置 :func:`str` 操作的函数的指针。 （请注意 :class:`str` 现在是一个类型，:func:`str` " +"是调用该类型的构造器。 该构造器将调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Str` 执行实际操作，而 :c:func:`PyObject_Str` " +"将调用该处理器。）" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:966 +msgid "The signature is the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_Str`::" +msgstr "其签名与 :c:func:`PyObject_Str` 的相同::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:968 +msgid "PyObject *tp_str(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_str(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:970 +msgid "" +"The function must return a string or a Unicode object. It should be a " +"\"friendly\" string representation of the object, as this is the " +"representation that will be used, among other things, by the :func:`print` " +"function." +msgstr "" +"该函数必须返回一个字符串或 Unicode 对象。 它应当是一个“友好”的对象字符串表示形式，因为这就是要在 :func:`print` " +"函数中与其他内容一起使用的表示形式。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:980 +msgid "" +"When this field is not set, :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` is called to return a " +"string representation." +msgstr "当未设置该字段时，将调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` 来返回一个字符串表示形式。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:986 +msgid "An optional pointer to the get-attribute function." +msgstr "一个指向获取属性字符串函数的可选指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:988 +msgid "The signature is the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr`::" +msgstr "其签名与 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` 的相同::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:990 +msgid "PyObject *tp_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:992 +msgid "" +"It is usually convenient to set this field to " +":c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetAttr`, which implements the normal way of " +"looking for object attributes." +msgstr "可以方便地将该字段设为 :c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetAttr`，它实现了查找对象属性的通常方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:999 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr`: a subtype inherits both " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` from its base type when the subtype's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` are both ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类同 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` 一起继承：当子类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`" +" 均为 ``NULL`` 时子类型将同时继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1005 +msgid ":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses :c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetAttr`." +msgstr ":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 使用 :c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetAttr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1012 +msgid "The signature is the same as for :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr`::" +msgstr "其签名与 :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttr` 的相同::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1014 +msgid "int tp_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr, PyObject *value);" +msgstr "int tp_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr, PyObject *value);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"In addition, setting *value* to ``NULL`` to delete an attribute must be " +"supported. It is usually convenient to set this field to " +":c:func:`PyObject_GenericSetAttr`, which implements the normal way of " +"setting object attributes." +msgstr "" +"此外，还必须支持将 *value* 设为 ``NULL`` 来删除属性。 通常可以方便地将该字段设为 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GenericSetAttr`，它实现了设备对象属性的通常方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr`: a subtype inherits both " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` from its base type when the subtype's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` are both ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类型同 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` 一起继承：当子类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`" +" 均为 ``NULL`` 时子类型将同时继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1031 +msgid ":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses :c:func:`PyObject_GenericSetAttr`." +msgstr ":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 使用 :c:func:`PyObject_GenericSetAttr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"Pointer to an additional structure that contains fields relevant only to " +"objects which implement the buffer interface. These fields are documented " +"in :ref:`buffer-structs`." +msgstr "指向一个包含只与实现缓冲区接口的对象相关的字段的附加结构体的指针。 这些字段的文档参见 :ref:`buffer-structs`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer` field is not inherited, but the " +"contained fields are inherited individually." +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer` 字段不会被继承，但所包含的字段会被单独继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"This field is a bit mask of various flags. Some flags indicate variant " +"semantics for certain situations; others are used to indicate that certain " +"fields in the type object (or in the extension structures referenced via " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_number`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_sequence`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_mapping`, and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer`) that were historically not always " +"present are valid; if such a flag bit is clear, the type fields it guards " +"must not be accessed and must be considered to have a zero or ``NULL`` value" +" instead." +msgstr "" +"该字段是针对多个旗标的位掩码。 某些旗标指明用于特定场景的变化语义；另一些旗标则用于指明类型对象（或通过 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_number`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_sequence`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_mapping` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer` " +"引用的扩展结构体）中的特定字段，它们在历史上并不总是有效；如果这样的旗标位是清晰的，则它所保护的类型字段必须不可被访问并且必须被视为具有零或 " +"``NULL`` 值。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"Inheritance of this field is complicated. Most flag bits are inherited " +"individually, i.e. if the base type has a flag bit set, the subtype inherits" +" this flag bit. The flag bits that pertain to extension structures are " +"strictly inherited if the extension structure is inherited, i.e. the base " +"type's value of the flag bit is copied into the subtype together with a " +"pointer to the extension structure. The :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag " +"bit is inherited together with the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` fields, i.e. if the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit is clear in the subtype and the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`" +" fields in the subtype exist and have ``NULL`` values. .. XXX are most flag " +"bits *really* inherited individually?" +msgstr "" +"这个字段的继承很复杂。 大多数旗标位都是单独继承的，也就是说，如果基类型设置了一个旗标位，则子类型将继承该旗标位。 " +"从属于扩展结构体的旗标位仅在扩展结构体被继承时才会被继承，也就是说，基类型的旗标位值会与指向扩展结构体的指针一起被拷贝到子类型中。 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位会与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 字段一起被继承，也就是说，如果 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位在子类型中被清空并且子类型中的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` " +"字段存在并具有 ``NULL`` 值。 .. XXX 那么大多数旗标位 *真的* 都是单独继承的吗？" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1072 +msgid "" +":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses ``Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | " +"Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE``." +msgstr "" +":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 使用 ``Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1075 +msgid "**Bit Masks:**" +msgstr "**位掩码:**" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"The following bit masks are currently defined; these can be ORed together " +"using the ``|`` operator to form the value of the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field. The macro " +":c:func:`PyType_HasFeature` takes a type and a flags value, *tp* and *f*, " +"and checks whether ``tp->tp_flags & f`` is non-zero." +msgstr "" +"目前定义了以下位掩码；可以使用 ``|`` 运算符对它们进行 OR 运算以形成 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` " +"字段的值。 宏 :c:func:`PyType_HasFeature` 接受一个类型和一个旗标值 *tp* 和 *f*，并检查 " +"``tp->tp_flags & f`` 是否为非零值。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"This bit is set when the type object itself is allocated on the heap, for " +"example, types created dynamically using :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`. In this" +" case, the :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` field of its instances is " +"considered a reference to the type, and the type object is INCREF'ed when a " +"new instance is created, and DECREF'ed when an instance is destroyed (this " +"does not apply to instances of subtypes; only the type referenced by the " +"instance's ob_type gets INCREF'ed or DECREF'ed). Heap types should also " +":ref:`support garbage collection ` as they can " +"form a reference cycle with their own module object." +msgstr "" +"当类型对象本身在堆上被分配时会设置这个比特位，例如，使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 动态创建的类型。 在此情况下，其实例的 " +":c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` 字段会被视为指向该类型的引用，而类型对象将在一个新实例被创建时执行 " +"INCREF，并在实例被销毁时执行 DECREF（这不会应用于子类型的实例；只有实例的 ob_type 所引用的类型会执行 INCREF 和 " +"DECREF）。 堆类型应当也 :ref:`支持垃圾回收 ` " +"因为它们会形成对它们自己的模块对象的循环引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1097 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1108 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1118 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1128 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1160 +msgid "???" +msgstr "？？？" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"This bit is set when the type can be used as the base type of another type." +" If this bit is clear, the type cannot be subtyped (similar to a \"final\" " +"class in Java)." +msgstr "" +"当此类型可被用作另一个类型的基类型时该比特位将被设置。 如果该比特位被清除，则此类型将无法被子类型化（类似于 Java 中的 \"final\" 类）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1113 +msgid "" +"This bit is set when the type object has been fully initialized by " +":c:func:`PyType_Ready`." +msgstr "当此类型对象通过 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 被完全实例化时该比特位将被设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1123 +msgid "" +"This bit is set while :c:func:`PyType_Ready` is in the process of " +"initializing the type object." +msgstr "当 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 处在初始化此类型对象过程中时该比特位将被设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"This bit is set when the object supports garbage collection. If this bit is" +" set, instances must be created using :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` and " +"destroyed using :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del`. More information in section " +":ref:`supporting-cycle-detection`. This bit also implies that the GC-" +"related fields :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` are present in the type object." +msgstr "" +"当对象支持垃圾回收时会设置这个旗标位。 如果设置了这个位，则实例必须使用 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` 来创建并使用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` 来销毁。 更多信息参见 :ref:`supporting-cycle-detection`。 " +"这个位还会假定类型对象中存在 GC 相关字段 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1142 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1483 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1557 +msgid "" +"Group: :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`," +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`" +msgstr "" +"分组: :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit is inherited together with the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`" +" fields, i.e. if the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit is clear in the" +" subtype and the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` fields in the subtype exist and have " +"``NULL`` values." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位会与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 字段一起被继承，也就是说，如果 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位在子类型中被清空并且子类型中的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` " +"字段存在并具有 ``NULL`` 值的话。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"This is a bitmask of all the bits that pertain to the existence of certain " +"fields in the type object and its extension structures. Currently, it " +"includes the following bits: :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个从属于类型对象及其扩展结构体的存在的所有位的位掩码。 目前，它包括以下的位: " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1165 +msgid "This bit indicates that objects behave like unbound methods." +msgstr "这个位指明对象的行为类似于未绑定方法。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1167 +msgid "If this flag is set for ``type(meth)``, then:" +msgstr "如果为 ``type(meth)`` 设置了该旗标，那么：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1169 +msgid "" +"``meth.__get__(obj, cls)(*args, **kwds)`` (with ``obj`` not None) must be " +"equivalent to ``meth(obj, *args, **kwds)``." +msgstr "" +"``meth.__get__(obj, cls)(*args, **kwds)`` (其中 ``obj`` 不为 None) 必须等价于 " +"``meth(obj, *args, **kwds)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"``meth.__get__(None, cls)(*args, **kwds)`` must be equivalent to " +"``meth(*args, **kwds)``." +msgstr "" +"``meth.__get__(None, cls)(*args, **kwds)`` 必须等价于 ``meth(*args, **kwds)``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1175 +msgid "" +"This flag enables an optimization for typical method calls like " +"``obj.meth()``: it avoids creating a temporary \"bound method\" object for " +"``obj.meth``." +msgstr "此旗标为 ``obj.meth()`` 这样的典型方法调用启用优化：它将避免为 ``obj.meth`` 创建临时的“绑定方法”对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"This flag is never inherited by types without the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` flag set. For extension types, it is " +"inherited whenever :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_get` is inherited." +msgstr "" +"此旗标绝不会被没有设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` 旗标的类型所继承。 对于扩展类型，当 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_get` 被继承时它也会被继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"This bit indicates that instances of the class have a `~object.__dict__` " +"attribute, and that the space for the dictionary is managed by the VM." +msgstr "该比特位指明类的实例具有 `~object.__dict__` 属性，并且该字典的空间是由 VM 管理的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1192 +msgid "If this flag is set, :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` should also be set." +msgstr "如果设置了该旗标，则 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 也应当被设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1194 +msgid "" +"The type traverse function must call :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` and" +" its clear function must call :c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict`." +msgstr "" +"类型遍历函数必须调用 :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` 而它的清空函数必须调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1201 +msgid "" +"This flag is inherited unless the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` " +"field is set in a superclass." +msgstr "此旗标将被继承，除非某个超类设置了 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` 字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1207 +msgid "" +"This bit indicates that instances of the class should be weakly " +"referenceable." +msgstr "该比特位表示类的实例应当是可被弱引用的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"This flag is inherited unless the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` field is set in a superclass." +msgstr "此旗标将被继承，除非某个超类设置了 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1220 +msgid "" +"Only usable with variable-size types, i.e. ones with non-zero " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`." +msgstr "仅适用于可变大小的类型，也就是说，具有非零 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` 值的类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"Indicates that the variable-sized portion of an instance of this type is at " +"the end of the instance's memory area, at an offset of " +"``Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_basicsize`` (which may be different in each subclass)." +msgstr "" +"表示此类型的实例的可变大小部分位于该实例内存区的末尾，其偏移量为 ``Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_basicsize`` (每个子类可能不一样)。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1228 +msgid "" +"When setting this flag, be sure that all superclasses either use this memory" +" layout, or are not variable-sized. Python does not check this." +msgstr "当设置此旗标时，请确保所有子类要么使用此内存布局，要么不是可变大小。 Python 不会检查这一点。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1236 +msgid "This flag is inherited." +msgstr "这个旗标会被继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1250 +msgid "" +"These flags are used by functions such as :c:func:`PyLong_Check` to quickly " +"determine if a type is a subclass of a built-in type; such specific checks " +"are faster than a generic check, like :c:func:`PyObject_IsInstance`. Custom " +"types that inherit from built-ins should have their " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` set appropriately, or the code that " +"interacts with such types will behave differently depending on what kind of " +"check is used." +msgstr "" +"这些旗标被 :c:func:`PyLong_Check` 等函数用来快速确定一个类型是否为内置类型的子类；这样的专用检测比泛用检测如 " +":c:func:`PyObject_IsInstance` 要更快速。 继承自内置类型的自定义类型应当正确地设置其 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`，否则与这样的类型进行交互的代码将因所使用的检测种类而出现不同的行为。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"This bit is set when the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` slot is " +"present in the type structure." +msgstr "当类型结构体中存在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` 槽位时会设置这个比特位。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1266 +msgid "" +"This flag isn't necessary anymore, as the interpreter assumes the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` slot is always present in the type " +"structure." +msgstr "" +"此旗标已不再是必要的，因为解释器会假定类型结构体中总是存在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` 槽位。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1274 +msgid "" +"This bit is set when the class implements the :ref:`vectorcall protocol " +"`. See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"当类实现了 :ref:`vectorcall 协议 ` 时会设置这个比特位。 请参阅 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"This bit is inherited if :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` is also " +"inherited." +msgstr "如果继承了 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 则也会继承这个比特位。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"This flag is now removed from a class when the class's " +":py:meth:`~object.__call__` method is reassigned." +msgstr "现在当类的 :py:meth:`~object.__call__` 方法被重新赋值时该旗标将从类中移除。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1290 +msgid "This flag can now be inherited by mutable classes." +msgstr "现在该旗标能被可变类所继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1294 +msgid "" +"This bit is set for type objects that are immutable: type attributes cannot " +"be set nor deleted." +msgstr "不可变的类型对象会设置这个比特位：类型属性无法被设置或删除。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1296 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyType_Ready` automatically applies this flag to :ref:`static types" +" `." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyType_Ready` 会自动对 :ref:`静态类型 ` 应用这个旗标。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1301 +msgid "This flag is not inherited." +msgstr "这个旗标不会被继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"Disallow creating instances of the type: set " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` to NULL and don't create the ``__new__`` " +"key in the type dictionary." +msgstr "" +"不允许创建此类型的实例：将 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 设为 NULL 并且不会在类型字符中创建 " +"``__new__`` 键。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"The flag must be set before creating the type, not after. For example, it " +"must be set before :c:func:`PyType_Ready` is called on the type." +msgstr "这个旗标必须在创建该类型之前设置，而不是在之后。 例如，它必须在该类型调用 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 之前被设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"The flag is set automatically on :ref:`static types ` if " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` is NULL or ``&PyBaseObject_Type`` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is NULL." +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` 为 NULL 或者 ``&PyBaseObject_Type`` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 为 NULL 则该旗标会在 :ref:`静态类型 ` " +"上自动设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1320 +msgid "" +"This flag is not inherited. However, subclasses will not be instantiable " +"unless they provide a non-NULL :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` (which is " +"only possible via the C API)." +msgstr "" +"这个旗标不会被继承。 但是，子类将不能被实例化，除非它们提供了不为 NULL 的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` " +"(这只能通过 C API 实现)。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"To disallow instantiating a class directly but allow instantiating its " +"subclasses (e.g. for an :term:`abstract base class`), do not use this flag. " +"Instead, make :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` only succeed for subclasses." +msgstr "" +"要禁止直接实例化一个类但允许实例化其子类 (例如对于 :term:`abstract base class`)，请勿使用此旗标。 替代的做法是，让 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 只对子类可用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1338 +msgid "" +"This bit indicates that instances of the class may match mapping patterns " +"when used as the subject of a :keyword:`match` block. It is automatically " +"set when registering or subclassing :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`, and " +"unset when registering :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`." +msgstr "" +"这个比特位指明该类的实例可以在被用作 :keyword:`match` 代码块的目标时匹配映射模式。 它会在注册或子类化 " +":class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 时自动设置，并在注册 " +":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 时取消设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1345 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1367 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` and :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` are " +"mutually exclusive; it is an error to enable both flags simultaneously." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` " +"是互斥的；同时启用两个旗标将导致报错。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"This flag is inherited by types that do not already set " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE`." +msgstr "这个旗标将被尚未设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` 的类型所继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1353 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1375 +msgid ":pep:`634` -- Structural Pattern Matching: Specification" +msgstr ":pep:`634` —— 结构化模式匹配：规范" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1360 +msgid "" +"This bit indicates that instances of the class may match sequence patterns " +"when used as the subject of a :keyword:`match` block. It is automatically " +"set when registering or subclassing :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`, and " +"unset when registering :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`." +msgstr "" +"这个比特位指明该类的实例可以在被用作 :keyword:`match` 代码块的目标时匹配序列模式。 它会在注册或子类化 " +":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 时自动设置，并在注册 " +":class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 时取消设置。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1372 +msgid "" +"This flag is inherited by types that do not already set " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING`." +msgstr "这个旗标将被尚未设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` 的类型所继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"Internal. Do not set or unset this flag. To indicate that a class has " +"changed call :c:func:`PyType_Modified`" +msgstr "内部使用。 请不要设置或取消设置此旗标。 用于指明一个类具有被修改的调用 :c:func:`PyType_Modified`" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1386 +msgid "" +"This flag is present in header files, but is not be used. It will be removed" +" in a future version of CPython" +msgstr "此旗标存在于头文件中，但未被使用。 它将在未来某个 CPython 版本中被移除。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1392 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a NUL-terminated C string giving the docstring for " +"this type object. This is exposed as the :attr:`~type.__doc__` attribute on" +" the type and instances of the type." +msgstr "" +"一个可选的指向给出该类型对象的文档字符串的以 NUL 结束的 C 字符串的指针。 该指针被暴露为类型和类型实例上的 " +":attr:`~type.__doc__` 属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1398 +msgid "This field is *not* inherited by subtypes." +msgstr "这个字段 *不会* 被子类型继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1403 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a traversal function for the garbage collector. This" +" is only used if the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit is set. The " +"signature is::" +msgstr "" +"一个可选的指向针对垃圾回收器的遍历函数的指针。 该指针仅会在设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位时被使用。 " +"函数签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1406 +msgid "int tp_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg);" +msgstr "int tp_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1408 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1552 +msgid "" +"More information about Python's garbage collection scheme can be found in " +"section :ref:`supporting-cycle-detection`." +msgstr "有关 Python 垃圾回收方案的更多信息可在 :ref:`supporting-cycle-detection` 一节中查看。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1411 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` pointer is used by the garbage " +"collector to detect reference cycles. A typical implementation of a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` function simply calls " +":c:func:`Py_VISIT` on each of the instance's members that are Python objects" +" that the instance owns. For example, this is function " +":c:func:`!local_traverse` from the :mod:`!_thread` extension module::" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 指针被垃圾回收器用来检测循环引用。 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 函数的典型实现会在实例的每个属于该实例所拥有的 Python " +"对象的成员上简单地调用 :c:func:`Py_VISIT`。 例如，以下是来自 :mod:`!_thread` 扩展模块的函数 " +":c:func:`!local_traverse`::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"local_traverse(localobject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->args);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->kw);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->dict);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"local_traverse(localobject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->args);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->kw);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->dict);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"Note that :c:func:`Py_VISIT` is called only on those members that can " +"participate in reference cycles. Although there is also a ``self->key`` " +"member, it can only be ``NULL`` or a Python string and therefore cannot be " +"part of a reference cycle." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :c:func:`Py_VISIT` 仅能在可以参加循环引用的成员上被调用。 虽然还存在一个 ``self->key`` 成员，但它只能为 " +"``NULL`` 或 Python 字符串因而不能成为循环引用的一部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1430 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, even if you know a member can never be part of a cycle, " +"as a debugging aid you may want to visit it anyway just so the :mod:`gc` " +"module's :func:`~gc.get_referents` function will include it." +msgstr "" +"在另一方面，即使你知道某个成员永远不会成为循环引用的一部分，作为调试的辅助你仍然可能想要访问它因此 :mod:`gc` 模块的 " +":func:`~gc.get_referents` 函数将会包括它。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1434 +msgid "" +"Heap types (:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`) must visit their type with::" +msgstr "堆类型 (:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE`) 必须这样访问其类型::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1436 +msgid "Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));" +msgstr "Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1438 +msgid "" +"It is only needed since Python 3.9. To support Python 3.8 and older, this " +"line must be conditional::" +msgstr "它只是从 Python 3.9 开始才需要。 为支持 Python 3.8 和更旧的版本，这一行必须是有条件的::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1441 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1445 +msgid "" +"If the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` bit is set in the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field, the traverse function must call " +":c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` like this::" +msgstr "" +"如果在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 字段中设置了 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 比特位，则遍历函数必须这样调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict`::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1449 +msgid "PyObject_VisitManagedDict((PyObject*)self, visit, arg);" +msgstr "PyObject_VisitManagedDict((PyObject*)self, visit, arg);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1452 +msgid "" +"When implementing :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`, only the members " +"that the instance *owns* (by having :term:`strong references ` to them) must be visited. For instance, if an object supports " +"weak references via the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist` slot, the " +"pointer supporting the linked list (what *tp_weaklist* points to) must " +"**not** be visited as the instance does not directly own the weak references" +" to itself (the weakreference list is there to support the weak reference " +"machinery, but the instance has no strong reference to the elements inside " +"it, as they are allowed to be removed even if the instance is still alive)." +msgstr "" +"当实现 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 时，只有实例所 *拥有* 的成员 (就是有指向它们的 " +":term:`强引用 `) 才必须被访问。 举例来说，如果一个对象通过 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist` 槽位支持弱引用，那么支持链表 (*tp_weaklist* 所指向的对象) " +"的指针就 **不能** 被访问因为实例并不直接拥有指向自身的弱引用 " +"(弱引用列表被用来支持弱引用机制，但实例没有指向其中的元素的强引用，因为即使实例还存在它们也允许被删除)。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"Note that :c:func:`Py_VISIT` requires the *visit* and *arg* parameters to " +":c:func:`!local_traverse` to have these specific names; don't name them just" +" anything." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :c:func:`Py_VISIT` 要求传给 :c:func:`!local_traverse` 的 *visit* 和 *arg* " +"形参具有指定的名称；不要随意命名它们。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"Instances of :ref:`heap-allocated types ` hold a reference to " +"their type. Their traversal function must therefore either visit " +":c:func:`Py_TYPE(self) `, or delegate this responsibility by " +"calling ``tp_traverse`` of another heap-allocated type (such as a heap-" +"allocated superclass). If they do not, the type object may not be garbage-" +"collected." +msgstr "" +":ref:`堆分配类型 ` 的实例会持有一个指向其类型的引用。 因此它们的遍历函数必须要么访问 " +":c:func:`Py_TYPE(self) `，要么通过调用其他堆分配类型（例如一个堆分配超类）的 ``tp_traverse`` " +"将此任务委托出去。 如果没有这样做，类型对象可能不会被垃圾回收。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1476 +msgid "" +"Heap-allocated types are expected to visit ``Py_TYPE(self)`` in " +"``tp_traverse``. In earlier versions of Python, due to `bug 40217 " +"`_, doing this may lead to crashes in " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" +"堆分配类型应当访问 ``tp_traverse`` 中的 ``Py_TYPE(self)``。 在较早的 Python 版本中，由于 `bug " +"40217 `_，这样做可能会导致在超类中发生崩溃。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1485 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` and the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` " +"flag bit: the flag bit, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`, and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` are all inherited from the base type if " +"they are all zero in the subtype." +msgstr "" +"该字段会与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` " +"旗标位一起被子类型所继承：如果旗标位, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 在子类型中均为零则它们都将从基类型继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1493 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a clear function for the garbage collector. This is " +"only used if the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit is set. The " +"signature is::" +msgstr "" +"一个可选的指向针对垃圾回收器的清理函数的指针。 该指针仅会在设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位时被使用。 " +"函数签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1496 +msgid "int tp_clear(PyObject *);" +msgstr "int tp_clear(PyObject *);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1498 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` member function is used to break " +"reference cycles in cyclic garbage detected by the garbage collector. Taken" +" together, all :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` functions in the system " +"must combine to break all reference cycles. This is subtle, and if in any " +"doubt supply a :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` function. For example, " +"the tuple type does not implement a :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` " +"function, because it's possible to prove that no reference cycle can be " +"composed entirely of tuples. Therefore the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` functions of other types must be " +"sufficient to break any cycle containing a tuple. This isn't immediately " +"obvious, and there's rarely a good reason to avoid implementing " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 成员函数被用来打破垃圾回收器在循环垃圾中检测到的循环引用。 总的来说，系统中的所有" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 函数必须合到一起以打破所有引用循环。 " +"这是个微妙的问题，并且如有任何疑问都需要提供 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 函数。 例如，元组类型不会实现 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 函数，因为有可能证明完全用元组是不会构成循环引用的。 因此其他类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 函数必须足以打破任何包含元组的循环。 这不是立即能明确的，并且很少会有避免实现 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 的适当理由。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1508 +msgid "" +"Implementations of :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` should drop the " +"instance's references to those of its members that may be Python objects, " +"and set its pointers to those members to ``NULL``, as in the following " +"example::" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 的实现应当丢弃实例指向其成员的可能为 Python " +"对象的引用，并将指向这些成员的指针设为 ``NULL``，如下面的例子所示::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1512 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"local_clear(localobject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->key);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->args);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->kw);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->dict);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"local_clear(localobject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->key);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->args);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->kw);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->dict);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1522 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` macro should be used, because clearing references is " +"delicate: the reference to the contained object must not be released (via " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF`) until after the pointer to the contained object is set " +"to ``NULL``. This is because releasing the reference may cause the " +"contained object to become trash, triggering a chain of reclamation activity" +" that may include invoking arbitrary Python code (due to finalizers, or " +"weakref callbacks, associated with the contained object). If it's possible " +"for such code to reference *self* again, it's important that the pointer to " +"the contained object be ``NULL`` at that time, so that *self* knows the " +"contained object can no longer be used. The :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` macro " +"performs the operations in a safe order." +msgstr "" +"应当使用 :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` 宏，因为清除引用是很微妙的：指向被包含对象的引用必须在指向被包含对象的指针被设为 ``NULL`` " +"之后才能被释放 (通过 :c:func:`Py_DECREF`)。 " +"这是因为释放引用可能会导致被包含的对象变成垃圾，触发一连串的回收活动，其中可能包括唤起任意 Python 代码 " +"(由于关联到被包含对象的终结器或弱引用回调)。 如果这样的代码有可能再次引用 *self*，那么这时指向被包含对象的指针为 ``NULL`` " +"就是非常重要的，这样 *self* 就知道被包含对象不可再被使用。 :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` 宏将以安全的顺序执行此操作。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"If the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` bit is set in the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field, the traverse function must call " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict` like this::" +msgstr "" +"如果在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 字段中设置了 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 比特位，则遍历函数必须这样调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict`::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1538 +msgid "PyObject_ClearManagedDict((PyObject*)self);" +msgstr "PyObject_ClearManagedDict((PyObject*)self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"Note that :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` is not *always* called before " +"an instance is deallocated. For example, when reference counting is enough " +"to determine that an object is no longer used, the cyclic garbage collector " +"is not involved and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` is called directly." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 并非 *总是* 在实例被取消分配之前被调用。 " +"例如，当引用计数足以确定对象不再被使用时，就不会涉及循环垃圾回收器而是直接调用 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"Because the goal of :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` functions is to break" +" reference cycles, it's not necessary to clear contained objects like Python" +" strings or Python integers, which can't participate in reference cycles. On" +" the other hand, it may be convenient to clear all contained Python objects," +" and write the type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` function to " +"invoke :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`." +msgstr "" +"因为 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 函数的目的是打破循环引用，所以不需要清除所包含的对象如 Python " +"字符串或 Python 整数，它们无法参与循环引用。 另一方面，清除所包含的全部 Python 对象，并编写类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 函数来唤起 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 也很方便。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1559 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` " +"flag bit: the flag bit, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`, and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` are all inherited from the base type if " +"they are all zero in the subtype." +msgstr "" +"该字段会与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` " +"旗标位一起被子类型所继承：如果旗标位, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` 在子类型中均为零则它们都将从基类型继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1567 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to the rich comparison function, whose signature is::" +msgstr "一个可选的指向富比较函数的指针，函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1569 +msgid "PyObject *tp_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1571 +msgid "" +"The first parameter is guaranteed to be an instance of the type that is " +"defined by :c:type:`PyTypeObject`." +msgstr "第一个形参将保证为 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 所定义的类型的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1574 +msgid "" +"The function should return the result of the comparison (usually ``Py_True``" +" or ``Py_False``). If the comparison is undefined, it must return " +"``Py_NotImplemented``, if another error occurred it must return ``NULL`` and" +" set an exception condition." +msgstr "" +"该函数应当返回比较的结果 (通常为 ``Py_True`` 或 ``Py_False``)。 如果未定义比较运算，它必须返回 " +"``Py_NotImplemented``，如果发生了其他错误则它必须返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常条件。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1579 +msgid "" +"The following constants are defined to be used as the third argument for " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` and for " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare`:" +msgstr "" +"以下常量被定义用作 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare` 的第三个参数：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1585 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1585 +msgid "Comparison" +msgstr "对照" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1587 +msgid "``<``" +msgstr "``<``" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1589 +msgid "``<=``" +msgstr "``<=``" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1591 +msgid "``==``" +msgstr "``==``" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1593 +msgid "``!=``" +msgstr "``!=``" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1595 +msgid "``>``" +msgstr "``>``" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1597 +msgid "``>=``" +msgstr "``>=``" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1600 +msgid "" +"The following macro is defined to ease writing rich comparison functions:" +msgstr "定义以下宏是为了简化编写丰富的比较函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1604 +msgid "" +"Return ``Py_True`` or ``Py_False`` from the function, depending on the " +"result of a comparison. VAL_A and VAL_B must be orderable by C comparison " +"operators (for example, they may be C ints or floats). The third argument " +"specifies the requested operation, as for :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare`." +msgstr "" +"从该函数返回 ``Py_True`` 或 ``Py_False``，这取决于比较的结果。 VAL_A 和 VAL_B 必须是可通过 C " +"比较运算符进行排序的（例如，它们可以为 C 整数或浮点数）。 第三个参数指明所请求的运算，与 " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare` 的参数一样。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1610 +msgid "The returned value is a new :term:`strong reference`." +msgstr "返回值是一个新的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1612 +msgid "On error, sets an exception and returns ``NULL`` from the function." +msgstr "发生错误时，将设置异常并从该函数返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1620 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes together with " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`: a subtype inherits " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash` when the subtype's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash` are both ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类型同 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash` 一起继承：当子类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`" +" 均为 ``NULL`` 时子类型将同时继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1627 +msgid "" +":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` provides a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` implementation, which may be " +"inherited. However, if only :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash` is defined, " +"not even the inherited function is used and instances of the type will not " +"be able to participate in any comparisons." +msgstr "" +":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 提供了一个 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` " +"的实现，它可以被继承。 但是，如果只定义了 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`，则不会使用被继承的函数并且该类型的实例将无法参加任何比较。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1636 +msgid "" +"While this field is still supported, :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` " +"should be used instead, if at all possible." +msgstr "虽然此字段仍然受到支持，但是如果可能就应当改用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1639 +msgid "" +"If the instances of this type are weakly referenceable, this field is " +"greater than zero and contains the offset in the instance structure of the " +"weak reference list head (ignoring the GC header, if present); this offset " +"is used by :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` and the ``PyWeakref_*`` " +"functions. The instance structure needs to include a field of type " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` which is initialized to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"如果此类型的实例是可被弱引用的，则该字段将大于零并包含在弱引用列表头的实例结构体中的偏移量（忽略 GC 头，如果存在的话）；该偏移量将被 " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` 和 ``PyWeakref_*`` 函数使用。 实例结构体需要包括一个 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` 类型的字段并初始化为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"Do not confuse this field with :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist`; that " +"is the list head for weak references to the type object itself." +msgstr "不要将该字段与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist` 混淆；后者是指向类型对象本身的弱引用的列表头。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1649 +msgid "" +"It is an error to set both the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` bit and" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset`." +msgstr "" +"同时设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` 位和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 将导致错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1654 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes, but see the rules listed below. A " +"subtype may override this offset; this means that the subtype uses a " +"different weak reference list head than the base type. Since the list head " +"is always found via :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset`, this should" +" not be a problem." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类型继承，但注意参阅下面列出的规则。 子类型可以覆盖此偏移量；这意味着子类型将使用不同于基类型的弱引用列表。 由于列表头总是通过 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 找到的，所以这应该不成问题。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1661 +msgid "" +"If the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` bit is set in the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field, then " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` will be set to a negative value," +" to indicate that it is unsafe to use this field." +msgstr "" +"如果在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 字段中设置了 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` 位，则 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 将被设为负值，用以表明使用此字段是不安全的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1669 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a function that returns an :term:`iterator` for the " +"object. Its presence normally signals that the instances of this type are " +":term:`iterable` (although sequences may be iterable without this function)." +msgstr "" +"一个可选的指向函数的指针，该函数返回对象的 :term:`iterator`。 它的存在通常表明该类型的实例为 :term:`iterable` " +"(尽管序列在没有此函数的情况下也可能为可迭代对象)。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1673 +msgid "This function has the same signature as :c:func:`PyObject_GetIter`::" +msgstr "此函数的签名与 :c:func:`PyObject_GetIter` 的相同::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1675 +msgid "PyObject *tp_iter(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_iter(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1684 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a function that returns the next item in an " +":term:`iterator`. The signature is::" +msgstr "一个可选的指向函数的指针，该函数返回 :term:`iterator` 中的下一项。 其签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1687 +msgid "PyObject *tp_iternext(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_iternext(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1689 +msgid "" +"When the iterator is exhausted, it must return ``NULL``; a " +":exc:`StopIteration` exception may or may not be set. When another error " +"occurs, it must return ``NULL`` too. Its presence signals that the " +"instances of this type are iterators." +msgstr "" +"当该迭代器被耗尽时，它必须返回 ``NULL``；:exc:`StopIteration` 异常可能会设置也可能不设置。 " +"当发生另一个错误时，它也必须返回 ``NULL``。 它的存在表明该类型的实际是迭代器。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1694 +msgid "" +"Iterator types should also define the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` " +"function, and that function should return the iterator instance itself (not " +"a new iterator instance)." +msgstr "" +"迭代器类型也应当定义 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` " +"函数，并且该函数应当返回迭代器实例本身（而不是新的迭代器实例）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1698 +msgid "This function has the same signature as :c:func:`PyIter_Next`." +msgstr "此函数的签名与 :c:func:`PyIter_Next` 的相同。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1707 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a static ``NULL``-terminated array of " +":c:type:`PyMethodDef` structures, declaring regular methods of this type." +msgstr "一个可选的指向 :c:type:`PyMethodDef` 结构体的以 ``NULL`` 结束的静态数组的指针，它声明了此类型的常规方法。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1710 +msgid "" +"For each entry in the array, an entry is added to the type's dictionary (see" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` below) containing a method descriptor." +msgstr "" +"对于该数组中的每一项，都会向类型的字典 (参见下面的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`) " +"添加一个包含方法描述器的条目。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1715 +msgid "" +"This field is not inherited by subtypes (methods are inherited through a " +"different mechanism)." +msgstr "该字段不会被子类型所继承（方法是通过不同的机制来继承的）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1721 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a static ``NULL``-terminated array of " +":c:type:`PyMemberDef` structures, declaring regular data members (fields or " +"slots) of instances of this type." +msgstr "" +"一个可选的指向 :c:type:`PyMemberDef` 结构体的以 ``NULL`` " +"结束的静态数组的指针，它声明了此类型的常规数据成员（字段或槽位）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"For each entry in the array, an entry is added to the type's dictionary (see" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` below) containing a member descriptor." +msgstr "" +"对于该数组中的每一项，都会向类型的字典 (参见下面的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`) " +"添加一个包含方法描述器的条目。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1730 +msgid "" +"This field is not inherited by subtypes (members are inherited through a " +"different mechanism)." +msgstr "该字段不会被子类型所继承（成员是通过不同的机制来继承的）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1736 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a static ``NULL``-terminated array of " +":c:type:`PyGetSetDef` structures, declaring computed attributes of instances" +" of this type." +msgstr "" +"一个可选的指向 :c:type:`PyGetSetDef` 结构体的以 ``NULL`` 结束的静态数组的指针，它声明了此类型的实例中的被计算属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"For each entry in the array, an entry is added to the type's dictionary (see" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` below) containing a getset descriptor." +msgstr "" +"对于该数组中的每一项，都会向类型的字典 (参见下面的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`) " +"添加一个包含读写描述器的条目。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1744 +msgid "" +"This field is not inherited by subtypes (computed attributes are inherited " +"through a different mechanism)." +msgstr "该字段不会被子类型所继承（被计算属性是通过不同的机制来继承的）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1750 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a base type from which type properties are inherited." +" At this level, only single inheritance is supported; multiple inheritance " +"require dynamically creating a type object by calling the metatype." +msgstr "一个可选的指向类型特征属性所继承的基类型的指针。 在这个层级上，只支持单继承；多重继承需要通过调用元类型动态地创建类型对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1758 +msgid "" +"Slot initialization is subject to the rules of initializing globals. C99 " +"requires the initializers to be \"address constants\". Function designators" +" like :c:func:`PyType_GenericNew`, with implicit conversion to a pointer, " +"are valid C99 address constants." +msgstr "" +"槽位初始化需要遵循初始化全局变量的规则。 C99 要求初始化器为“地址常量”。 隐式转换为指针的函数指示器如 " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericNew` 都是有效的 C99 地址常量。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1763 +msgid "" +"However, the unary '&' operator applied to a non-static variable like " +":c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` is not required to produce an address constant." +" Compilers may support this (gcc does), MSVC does not. Both compilers are " +"strictly standard conforming in this particular behavior." +msgstr "" +"但是，生成地址常量并不需要应用于非静态变量如 :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 的单目运算符 '&'。 编译器可能支持该运算符（如" +" gcc），但 MSVC 则不支持。 这两种编译器在这一特定行为上都是严格符合标准的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1769 +msgid "" +"Consequently, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` should be set in the " +"extension module's init function." +msgstr "因此，应当在扩展模块的初始化函数中设置 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1774 +msgid "This field is not inherited by subtypes (obviously)." +msgstr "该字段不会被子类型继承（显然）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1778 +msgid "" +"This field defaults to ``&PyBaseObject_Type`` (which to Python programmers " +"is known as the type :class:`object`)." +msgstr "该字段默认为 ``&PyBaseObject_Type`` (对 Python 程序员来说即 :class:`object` 类型)。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1784 +msgid "The type's dictionary is stored here by :c:func:`PyType_Ready`." +msgstr "类型的字典将由 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 存储到这里。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1786 +msgid "" +"This field should normally be initialized to ``NULL`` before PyType_Ready is" +" called; it may also be initialized to a dictionary containing initial " +"attributes for the type. Once :c:func:`PyType_Ready` has initialized the " +"type, extra attributes for the type may be added to this dictionary only if " +"they don't correspond to overloaded operations (like " +":meth:`~object.__add__`). Once initialization for the type has finished, " +"this field should be treated as read-only." +msgstr "" +"该字段通常应当在 PyType_Ready 被调用之前初始化为 ``NULL``；它也可以初始化为一个包含类型初始属性的字典。 一旦 " +":c:func:`PyType_Ready` 完成类型的初始化，该类型的额外属性只有在它们不与被重载的操作 (如 " +":meth:`~object.__add__`) 相对应的情况下才会被添加到该字典中。 一旦类型的初始化结束，该字段就应被视为是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1794 +msgid "" +"Some types may not store their dictionary in this slot. Use " +":c:func:`PyType_GetDict` to retrieve the dictionary for an arbitrary type." +msgstr "某些类型不会将它们的字典存储在该槽位中。 请使用 :c:func:`PyType_GetDict` 来获取任意类型对应的字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1800 +msgid "" +"Internals detail: For static builtin types, this is always ``NULL``. " +"Instead, the dict for such types is stored on ``PyInterpreterState``. Use " +":c:func:`PyType_GetDict` to get the dict for an arbitrary type." +msgstr "" +"内部细节：对于静态内置类型，该值总是为 ``NULL``。 这种类型的字典是存储在 ``PyInterpreterState`` 中。 请使用 " +":c:func:`PyType_GetDict` 来获取任意类型的字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1806 +msgid "" +"This field is not inherited by subtypes (though the attributes defined in " +"here are inherited through a different mechanism)." +msgstr "该字段不会被子类型所继承（但在这里定义的属性是通过不同的机制来继承的）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1811 +msgid "" +"If this field is ``NULL``, :c:func:`PyType_Ready` will assign a new " +"dictionary to it." +msgstr "如果该字段为 ``NULL``，:c:func:`PyType_Ready` 将为它分配一个新字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1816 +msgid "" +"It is not safe to use :c:func:`PyDict_SetItem` on or otherwise modify " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` with the dictionary C-API." +msgstr "" +"通过字典 C-API 使用 :c:func:`PyDict_SetItem` 或修改 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`" +" 是不安全的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1822 +msgid "An optional pointer to a \"descriptor get\" function." +msgstr "一个可选的指向“描述器获取”函数的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1824 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1840 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1904 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1934 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1958 +msgid "The function signature is::" +msgstr "函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1826 +msgid "" +"PyObject * tp_descr_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject * tp_descr_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1837 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to a function for setting and deleting a descriptor's " +"value." +msgstr "一个指向用于设置和删除描述器值的函数的选项指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1842 +msgid "int tp_descr_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value);" +msgstr "int tp_descr_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1844 +msgid "The *value* argument is set to ``NULL`` to delete the value." +msgstr "将 *value* 参数设为 ``NULL`` 以删除该值。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1855 +msgid "" +"While this field is still supported, :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` " +"should be used instead, if at all possible." +msgstr "虽然此字段仍然受到支持，但是如果可能就应当改用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"If the instances of this type have a dictionary containing instance " +"variables, this field is non-zero and contains the offset in the instances " +"of the type of the instance variable dictionary; this offset is used by " +":c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetAttr`." +msgstr "" +"如果该类型的实例具有一个包含实例变量的字典，则此字段将为非零值并包含该实例变量字典的类型的实例的偏移量；该偏移量将由 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetAttr` 使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1863 +msgid "" +"Do not confuse this field with :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`; that is " +"the dictionary for attributes of the type object itself." +msgstr "不要将该字段与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict` 混淆；后者是由类型对象本身的属性组成的字典。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1866 +msgid "" +"The value specifies the offset of the dictionary from the start of the " +"instance structure." +msgstr "该值指定字典相对实例结构体开始位置的偏移量。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1868 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` should be regarded as write-" +"only. To get the pointer to the dictionary call " +":c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetDict`. Calling :c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetDict`" +" may need to allocate memory for the dictionary, so it is may be more " +"efficient to call :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` when accessing an attribute on " +"the object." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` 应当被视为是只读的。 用于获取指向字典调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetDict` 的指针。 调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetDict` " +"可能需要为字典分配内存，因此在访问对象上的属性时调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` 可能会更有效率。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1874 +msgid "" +"It is an error to set both the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` bit and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset`." +msgstr "" +"同时设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 位和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` 将导致报错。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1879 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes. A subtype should not override this " +"offset; doing so could be unsafe, if C code tries to access the dictionary " +"at the previous offset. To properly support inheritance, use " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT`." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类型所继承。 子类型不应重写这个偏移量；这样做是不安全的，如果 C 代码试图在之前的偏移量上访问字典的话。 要正确地支持继承，请使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1886 +msgid "" +"This slot has no default. For :ref:`static types `, if the " +"field is ``NULL`` then no :attr:`~object.__dict__` gets created for " +"instances." +msgstr "" +"这个槽位没有默认值。 对于 :ref:`静态类型 `，如果该字段为 ``NULL`` 则不会为实例创建 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1889 +msgid "" +"If the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` bit is set in the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field, then " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` will be set to ``-1``, to indicate " +"that it is unsafe to use this field." +msgstr "" +"如果在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 字段中设置了 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 比特位，则 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` 将被设为 ``-1``，以表明使用该字段是不安全的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1897 +msgid "An optional pointer to an instance initialization function." +msgstr "一个可选的指向实例初始化函数的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1899 +msgid "" +"This function corresponds to the :meth:`~object.__init__` method of classes." +" Like :meth:`!__init__`, it is possible to create an instance without " +"calling :meth:`!__init__`, and it is possible to reinitialize an instance by" +" calling its :meth:`!__init__` method again." +msgstr "" +"此函数对应于类的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法。 和 :meth:`!__init__` 一样，创建实例时不调用 " +":meth:`!__init__` 是有可能的，并且通过再次调用实例的 :meth:`!__init__` 方法将其重新初始化也是有可能的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1906 +msgid "int tp_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);" +msgstr "int tp_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1908 +msgid "" +"The self argument is the instance to be initialized; the *args* and *kwds* " +"arguments represent positional and keyword arguments of the call to " +":meth:`~object.__init__`." +msgstr "" +"self 参数是将要初始化的实例；*args* 和 *kwds* 参数代表调用 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"时传入的位置和关键字参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1912 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` function, if not ``NULL``, is called " +"when an instance is created normally by calling its type, after the type's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` function has returned an instance of the " +"type. If the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` function returns an instance " +"of some other type that is not a subtype of the original type, no " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` function is called; if " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` returns an instance of a subtype of the " +"original type, the subtype's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` is called." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 函数如果不为 ``NULL``，将在通过调用类型正常创建其实例时被调用，即在类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 函数返回一个该类型的实例时。 如果 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 函数返回了一个不是原始类型的子类型的其他类型的实例，则 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 函数不会被调用；如果 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 返回了一个原始类型的子类型的实例，则该子类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 将被调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1919 +msgid "Returns ``0`` on success, ``-1`` and sets an exception on error." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回 ``0``，发生错误时则返回 ``-1`` 并在错误上设置一个异常。and sets an exception on error." + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1927 +msgid "" +"For :ref:`static types ` this field does not have a default." +msgstr "对于 :ref:`静态类型 ` 来说该字段没有默认值。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1932 +msgid "An optional pointer to an instance allocation function." +msgstr "指向一个实例分配函数的可选指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1936 +msgid "PyObject *tp_alloc(PyTypeObject *self, Py_ssize_t nitems);" +msgstr "PyObject *tp_alloc(PyTypeObject *self, Py_ssize_t nitems);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1940 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by static subtypes, but not by dynamic subtypes " +"(subtypes created by a class statement)." +msgstr "该字段会被静态子类型继承，但不会被动态子类型（通过 class 语句创建的子类型）继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"For dynamic subtypes, this field is always set to " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc`, to force a standard heap allocation strategy." +msgstr "对于动态子类型，该字段总是会被设为 :c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc`，以强制应用标准的堆分配策略。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1949 +msgid "" +"For static subtypes, :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc`. That is the recommended value for all " +"statically defined types." +msgstr "" +"对于静态子类型，:c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 将使用 :c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc`。 " +"这是适用于所有静态定义类型的推荐值。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1956 +msgid "An optional pointer to an instance creation function." +msgstr "一个可选的指向实例创建函数的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1960 +msgid "" +"PyObject *tp_new(PyTypeObject *subtype, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *tp_new(PyTypeObject *subtype, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1962 +msgid "" +"The *subtype* argument is the type of the object being created; the *args* " +"and *kwds* arguments represent positional and keyword arguments of the call " +"to the type. Note that *subtype* doesn't have to equal the type whose " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` function is called; it may be a subtype of " +"that type (but not an unrelated type)." +msgstr "" +"*subtype* 参数是被创建的对象的类型；*args* 和 *kwds* 参数表示调用类型时传入的位置和关键字参数。 请注意 *subtype* " +"不是必须与被调用的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` " +"函数所属的类型相同；它可以是该类型的子类型（但不能是完全无关的类型）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` function should call " +"``subtype->tp_alloc(subtype, nitems)`` to allocate space for the object, and" +" then do only as much further initialization as is absolutely necessary. " +"Initialization that can safely be ignored or repeated should be placed in " +"the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` handler. A good rule of thumb is that" +" for immutable types, all initialization should take place in " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`, while for mutable types, most " +"initialization should be deferred to :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 函数应当调用 ``subtype->tp_alloc(subtype, " +"nitems)`` 来为对象分配空间，然后只执行绝对有必要的进一步初始化操作。 可以安全地忽略或重复的初始化操作应当放在 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 处理器中。 一个关键的规则是对于不可变类型来说，所有初始化操作都应当在 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 中发生，而对于可变类型，大部分初始化操作都应当推迟到 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 再执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1976 +msgid "" +"Set the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` flag to disallow " +"creating instances of the type in Python." +msgstr "" +"设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` 旗标以禁止在 Python 中创建该类型的实例。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1981 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by subtypes, except it is not inherited by " +":ref:`static types ` whose :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` " +"is ``NULL`` or ``&PyBaseObject_Type``." +msgstr "" +"该字段会被子类型所继承，例外情况是它不会被 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` 为 ``NULL`` 或 " +"``&PyBaseObject_Type`` 的 :ref:`静态类型 ` 所继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"For :ref:`static types ` this field has no default. This means" +" if the slot is defined as ``NULL``, the type cannot be called to create new" +" instances; presumably there is some other way to create instances, like a " +"factory function." +msgstr "" +"对于 :ref:`静态类型 ` 该字段没有默认值。 这意味着如果槽位被定义为 " +"``NULL``，则无法调用此类型来创建新的实例；应当存在 其他办法来创建实例，例如工厂函数等。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1995 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to an instance deallocation function. Its signature " +"is::" +msgstr "一个可选的指向实例释放函数的指针。 函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1997 +msgid "void tp_free(void *self);" +msgstr "void tp_free(void *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:1999 +msgid "" +"An initializer that is compatible with this signature is " +":c:func:`PyObject_Free`." +msgstr "一个兼容该签名的初始化器是 :c:func:`PyObject_Free`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2003 +msgid "" +"This field is inherited by static subtypes, but not by dynamic subtypes " +"(subtypes created by a class statement)" +msgstr "该字段会被静态子类型继承，但不会被动态子类型（通过 class 语句创建的子类型）继承" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"In dynamic subtypes, this field is set to a deallocator suitable to match " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc` and the value of the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit." +msgstr "" +"在动态子类型中，该字段会被设为一个适合与 :c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc` 以及 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标位的值相匹配的释放器。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2012 +msgid "" +"For static subtypes, :c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` uses " +":c:func:`PyObject_Del`." +msgstr "对于静态子类型，:c:data:`PyBaseObject_Type` 将使用 :c:func:`PyObject_Del`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2017 +msgid "An optional pointer to a function called by the garbage collector." +msgstr "可选的指向垃圾回收器所调用的函数的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2019 +msgid "" +"The garbage collector needs to know whether a particular object is " +"collectible or not. Normally, it is sufficient to look at the object's " +"type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` field, and check the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag bit. But some types have a mixture of " +"statically and dynamically allocated instances, and the statically allocated" +" instances are not collectible. Such types should define this function; it " +"should return ``1`` for a collectible instance, and ``0`` for a non-" +"collectible instance. The signature is::" +msgstr "" +"垃圾回收器需要知道某个特定的对象是否可以被回收。在一般情况下，垃圾回收器只需要检查这个对象类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 字段、以及 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` " +"标识位即可做出判断；但是有一些类型同时混合包含了静态和动态分配的实例，其中静态分配的实例不应该也无法被回收。本函数为后者情况而设计：对于可被垃圾回收的实例，本函数应当返回" +" ``1`` ；对于不可被垃圾回收的实例，本函数应当返回 ``0`` 。函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2027 +msgid "int tp_is_gc(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "int tp_is_gc(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2029 +msgid "" +"(The only example of this are types themselves. The metatype, " +":c:data:`PyType_Type`, defines this function to distinguish between " +"statically and :ref:`dynamically allocated types `.)" +msgstr "" +"（此对象的唯一样例是类型本身。 元类型 :c:data:`PyType_Type` 定义了该函数来区分静态和 :ref:`动态分配的类型 `。）" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"This slot has no default. If this field is ``NULL``, " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` is used as the functional equivalent." +msgstr "" +"此槽位没有默认值。 如果该字段为 ``NULL``，则将使用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 作为相同功能的替代。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2045 +msgid "Tuple of base types." +msgstr "基类型的元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2047 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2071 +msgid "" +"This field should be set to ``NULL`` and treated as read-only. Python will " +"fill it in when the type is :c:func:`initialized `." +msgstr "" +"此字段应当被设为 ``NULL`` 并被视为只读。 Python 将在类型 :c:func:`初始化时 ` 填充它。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2050 +msgid "" +"For dynamically created classes, the ``Py_tp_bases`` :c:type:`slot " +"` can be used instead of the *bases* argument of " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases`. The argument form is preferred." +msgstr "" +"对于动态创建的类，可以使用 ``Py_tp_bases`` :c:type:`槽位 ` 来代替 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` 的 *bases* 参数。 推荐使用参数形式。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2057 +msgid "" +"Multiple inheritance does not work well for statically defined types. If you" +" set ``tp_bases`` to a tuple, Python will not raise an error, but some slots" +" will only be inherited from the first base." +msgstr "" +"多重继承不适合静态定义的类型。 如果你将 ``tp_bases`` 设为一个元组，Python 将不会引发错误，但某些槽位将只从第一个基类型继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2063 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2086 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2103 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2120 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2134 +msgid "This field is not inherited." +msgstr "这个字段不会被继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2068 +msgid "" +"Tuple containing the expanded set of base types, starting with the type " +"itself and ending with :class:`object`, in Method Resolution Order." +msgstr "包含基类型的扩展集的元组，以类型本身开始并以 :class:`object` 作为结束，使用方法解析顺序。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2076 +msgid "" +"This field is not inherited; it is calculated fresh by " +":c:func:`PyType_Ready`." +msgstr "这个字段不会被继承；它是通过 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 计算得到的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2082 +msgid "Unused. Internal use only." +msgstr "尚未使用。 仅供内部使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"A collection of subclasses. Internal use only. May be an invalid pointer." +msgstr "一组子类。 仅限内部使用的。 可能为无效的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2093 +msgid "" +"To get a list of subclasses, call the Python method " +":py:meth:`~type.__subclasses__`." +msgstr "要获取子类的列表，则调用 Python 方法 :py:meth:`~type.__subclasses__`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2098 +msgid "" +"For some types, this field does not hold a valid :c:expr:`PyObject*`. The " +"type was changed to :c:expr:`void*` to indicate this." +msgstr "对于某些类型，该字段将不带有效的 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。 类型已被改为 :c:expr:`void*` 以指明这一点。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2108 +msgid "" +"Weak reference list head, for weak references to this type object. Not " +"inherited. Internal use only." +msgstr "弱引用列表头，用于指向该类型对象的弱引用。 不会被继承。 仅限内部使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2113 +msgid "" +"Internals detail: For the static builtin types this is always ``NULL``, even" +" if weakrefs are added. Instead, the weakrefs for each are stored on " +"``PyInterpreterState``. Use the public C-API or the internal " +"``_PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR()`` macro to avoid the distinction." +msgstr "" +"内部细节：对于静态内置类型这将总是为 ``NULL``，即使添加了弱引用也是如此。 每个弱引用都转而保存在 ``PyInterpreterState``" +" 上。 请使用公共 C-API 或内部 ``_PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR()`` 宏来避免此差异。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2125 +msgid "" +"This field is deprecated. Use :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` " +"instead." +msgstr "该字段已被弃用。 请改用 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2130 +msgid "Used to index into the method cache. Internal use only." +msgstr "用于索引至方法缓存。 仅限内部使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2139 +msgid "" +"An optional pointer to an instance finalization function. Its signature " +"is::" +msgstr "一个可选的指向实例最终化函数的指针。 函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2141 +msgid "void tp_finalize(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "void tp_finalize(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2143 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` is set, the interpreter calls it " +"once when finalizing an instance. It is called either from the garbage " +"collector (if the instance is part of an isolated reference cycle) or just " +"before the object is deallocated. Either way, it is guaranteed to be called" +" before attempting to break reference cycles, ensuring that it finds the " +"object in a sane state." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize`，解释器将在最终化特定实例时调用它一次。 " +"它将由垃圾回收器调用（如果实例是单独循环引用的一部分）或是在对象被释放之前被调用。 " +"不论是哪种方式，它都肯定会在尝试打破循环引用之前被调用，以确保它所操作的对象处于正常状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2150 +msgid "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` should not mutate the current " +"exception status; therefore, a recommended way to write a non-trivial " +"finalizer is::" +msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` 不应改变当前异常状态；因此，编写非关键终结器的推荐做法如下::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2153 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"local_finalize(PyObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" /* Save the current exception, if any. */\n" +" PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();\n" +"\n" +" /* ... */\n" +"\n" +" /* Restore the saved exception. */\n" +" PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"local_finalize(PyObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" /* 保存当前异常，如果有的话。 */\n" +" PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();\n" +"\n" +" /* ... */\n" +"\n" +" /* 恢复保存的异常。 */\n" +" PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2173 +msgid "" +"Before version 3.8 it was necessary to set the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE` flags bit in order for this field to be " +"used. This is no longer required." +msgstr "" +"在 3.8 版之前必须设置 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE` 旗标才能让该字段被使用。 现在已不再需要这样做。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2177 +msgid "\"Safe object finalization\" (:pep:`442`)" +msgstr "\"安全的对象最终化\" (:pep:`442`)" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2182 +msgid "" +"Vectorcall function to use for calls of this type object. In other words, it" +" is used to implement :ref:`vectorcall ` for ``type.__call__``. " +"If ``tp_vectorcall`` is ``NULL``, the default call implementation using " +":meth:`~object.__new__` and :meth:`~object.__init__` is used." +msgstr "" +"用于此类型对象的调用的 vectorcall 函数。 换句话说，它是被用来实现 ``type.__call__`` 的 :ref:`vectorcall" +" `。 如果 ``tp_vectorcall`` 为 ``NULL``，默认调用实现将使用 " +":meth:`~object.__new__` 并且 :meth:`~object.__init__` 将被使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2190 +msgid "This field is never inherited." +msgstr "这个字段不会被继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2192 +msgid "(the field exists since 3.8 but it's only used since 3.9)" +msgstr "（这个字段从 3.8 起即存在，但是从 3.9 开始投入使用）" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2197 +msgid "Internal. Do not use." +msgstr "内部对象。 请勿使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2205 +msgid "Static Types" +msgstr "静态类型" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2207 +msgid "" +"Traditionally, types defined in C code are *static*, that is, a static " +":c:type:`PyTypeObject` structure is defined directly in code and initialized" +" using :c:func:`PyType_Ready`." +msgstr "" +"在传统上，在 C 代码中定义的类型都是 *静态的*，也就是说，:c:type:`PyTypeObject` 结构体在代码中直接定义并使用 " +":c:func:`PyType_Ready` 来初始化。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2211 +msgid "" +"This results in types that are limited relative to types defined in Python:" +msgstr "这就导致了与在 Python 中定义的类型相关联的类型限制：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"Static types are limited to one base, i.e. they cannot use multiple " +"inheritance." +msgstr "静态类型只能拥有一个基类；换句话说，他们不能使用多重继承。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2215 +msgid "" +"Static type objects (but not necessarily their instances) are immutable. It " +"is not possible to add or modify the type object's attributes from Python." +msgstr "静态类型对象（但并非它们的实例）是不可变对象。 不可能在 Python 中添加或修改类型对象的属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2217 +msgid "" +"Static type objects are shared across :ref:`sub-interpreters `, so they should not include any subinterpreter-" +"specific state." +msgstr "" +"静态类型对象是跨 :ref:`子解释器 ` 共享的，因此它们不应包括任何子解释器专属的状态。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2221 +msgid "" +"Also, since :c:type:`PyTypeObject` is only part of the :ref:`Limited API " +"` as an opaque struct, any extension modules using static " +"types must be compiled for a specific Python minor version." +msgstr "" +"此外，由于 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 只是作为不透明结构的 :ref:`受限 API ` " +"的一部分，因此任何使用静态类型的扩展模块都必须针对特定的 Python 次版本进行编译。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2229 +msgid "Heap Types" +msgstr "堆类型" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2231 +msgid "" +"An alternative to :ref:`static types ` is *heap-allocated " +"types*, or *heap types* for short, which correspond closely to classes " +"created by Python's ``class`` statement. Heap types have the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE` flag set." +msgstr "" +"一种 :ref:`静态类型的 ` 替代物是 *堆分配类型*，或者简称 *堆类型*，它与使用 Python 的 " +"``class`` 语句创建的类紧密对应。 堆类型设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE` 旗标。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"This is done by filling a :c:type:`PyType_Spec` structure and calling " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`, :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases`, " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`, or :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass`." +msgstr "" +"这是通过填充 :c:type:`PyType_Spec` 结构体并调用 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`, " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases`, :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 或 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass` 来实现的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2244 +msgid "Number Object Structures" +msgstr "数字对象结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2251 +msgid "" +"This structure holds pointers to the functions which an object uses to " +"implement the number protocol. Each function is used by the function of " +"similar name documented in the :ref:`number` section." +msgstr "该结构体持有指向被对象用来实现数字协议的函数的指针。 每个函数都被 :ref:`number` 一节中记录的对应名称的函数所使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2257 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2581 +msgid "Here is the structure definition::" +msgstr "结构体定义如下::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2259 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" binaryfunc nb_add;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_subtract;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_multiply;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_remainder;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_divmod;\n" +" ternaryfunc nb_power;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_negative;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_positive;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_absolute;\n" +" inquiry nb_bool;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_invert;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_lshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_rshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_and;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_xor;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_or;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_int;\n" +" void *nb_reserved;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_float;\n" +"\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_add;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_subtract;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_multiply;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_remainder;\n" +" ternaryfunc nb_inplace_power;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_lshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_rshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_and;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_xor;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_or;\n" +"\n" +" binaryfunc nb_floor_divide;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_true_divide;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_floor_divide;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_true_divide;\n" +"\n" +" unaryfunc nb_index;\n" +"\n" +" binaryfunc nb_matrix_multiply;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_matrix_multiply;\n" +"} PyNumberMethods;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" binaryfunc nb_add;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_subtract;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_multiply;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_remainder;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_divmod;\n" +" ternaryfunc nb_power;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_negative;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_positive;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_absolute;\n" +" inquiry nb_bool;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_invert;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_lshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_rshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_and;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_xor;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_or;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_int;\n" +" void *nb_reserved;\n" +" unaryfunc nb_float;\n" +"\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_add;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_subtract;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_multiply;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_remainder;\n" +" ternaryfunc nb_inplace_power;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_lshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_rshift;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_and;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_xor;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_or;\n" +"\n" +" binaryfunc nb_floor_divide;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_true_divide;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_floor_divide;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_true_divide;\n" +"\n" +" unaryfunc nb_index;\n" +"\n" +" binaryfunc nb_matrix_multiply;\n" +" binaryfunc nb_inplace_matrix_multiply;\n" +"} PyNumberMethods;" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2304 +msgid "" +"Binary and ternary functions must check the type of all their operands, and " +"implement the necessary conversions (at least one of the operands is an " +"instance of the defined type). If the operation is not defined for the " +"given operands, binary and ternary functions must return " +"``Py_NotImplemented``, if another error occurred they must return ``NULL`` " +"and set an exception." +msgstr "" +"双目和三目函数必须检查其所有操作数的类型，并实现必要的转换（至少有一个操作数是所定义类型的实例）。 " +"如果没有为所给出的操作数定义操作，则双目和三目函数必须返回 ``Py_NotImplemented``，如果发生了其他错误则它们必须返回 " +"``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2313 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_reserved` field should always be " +"``NULL``. It was previously called :c:member:`!nb_long`, and was renamed in" +" Python 3.0.1." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_reserved` 字段应当始终为 ``NULL``。 在之前版本中其名称为 " +":c:member:`!nb_long`，并在 Python 3.0.1 中改名。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2358 +msgid "Mapping Object Structures" +msgstr "映射对象结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2365 +msgid "" +"This structure holds pointers to the functions which an object uses to " +"implement the mapping protocol. It has three members:" +msgstr "该结构体持有指向对象用于实现映射协议的函数的指针。 它有三个成员：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2370 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PyMapping_Size` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_Size`, and has the same signature. This slot may be set " +"to ``NULL`` if the object has no defined length." +msgstr "" +"该函数将被 :c:func:`PyMapping_Size` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_Size` 使用，并具有相同的签名。 " +"如果对象没有定义长度则此槽位可被设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2376 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` and " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetSlice`, and has the same signature as " +":c:func:`!PyObject_GetItem`. This slot must be filled for the " +":c:func:`PyMapping_Check` function to return ``1``, it can be ``NULL`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +"该函数将被 :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` 和 :c:func:`PySequence_GetSlice` 使用，并具有与 " +":c:func:`!PyObject_GetItem` 相同的签名。 此槽位必须被填充以便 :c:func:`PyMapping_Check` 函数返回" +" ``1``，否则它可以为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2384 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`, :c:func:`PySequence_SetSlice` and " +":c:func:`PySequence_DelSlice`. It has the same signature as " +":c:func:`!PyObject_SetItem`, but *v* can also be set to ``NULL`` to delete " +"an item. If this slot is ``NULL``, the object does not support item " +"assignment and deletion." +msgstr "" +"该函数将被 :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem`, :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`, " +":c:func:`PySequence_SetSlice` 和 :c:func:`PySequence_DelSlice` 使用。 它具有与 " +":c:func:`!PyObject_SetItem` 相同的签名，但 *v* 也可以被设为 ``NULL`` 以删除一个条目。 如果此槽位为 " +"``NULL``，则对象将不支持条目赋值和删除。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2395 +msgid "Sequence Object Structures" +msgstr "序列对象结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2402 +msgid "" +"This structure holds pointers to the functions which an object uses to " +"implement the sequence protocol." +msgstr "该结构体持有指向对象用于实现序列协议的函数的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2407 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_Size` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_Size`, and has the same signature. It is also used for " +"handling negative indices via the :c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item` and" +" the :c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_ass_item` slots." +msgstr "" +"此函数被 :c:func:`PySequence_Size` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_Size` 所使用，并具有与它们相同的签名。 " +"它还被用于通过 :c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item` 和 " +":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_ass_item` 槽位来处理负索引号。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2414 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_Concat` and has the same " +"signature. It is also used by the ``+`` operator, after trying the numeric " +"addition via the :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add` slot." +msgstr "" +"此函数被 :c:func:`PySequence_Concat` 所使用并具有相同的签名。 在尝试通过 " +":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add` 槽位执行数值相加之后它还会被用于 ``+`` 运算符。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2420 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_Repeat` and has the same " +"signature. It is also used by the ``*`` operator, after trying numeric " +"multiplication via the :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_multiply` slot." +msgstr "" +"此函数被 :c:func:`PySequence_Repeat` 所使用并具有相同的签名。 在尝试通过 " +":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_multiply` 槽位执行数值相乘之后它还会被用于 ``*`` 运算符。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2426 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem` and has the same " +"signature. It is also used by :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem`, after trying the " +"subscription via the :c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_subscript` slot. This " +"slot must be filled for the :c:func:`PySequence_Check` function to return " +"``1``, it can be ``NULL`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"此函数被 :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem` 所使用并具有相同的签名。 在尝试通过 " +":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_subscript` 槽位执行下标操作之后它还会被用于 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetItem`。 该槽位必须被填充以便 :c:func:`PySequence_Check` 函数返回 " +"``1``，否则它可以为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2432 +msgid "" +"Negative indexes are handled as follows: if the " +":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_length` slot is filled, it is called and " +"the sequence length is used to compute a positive index which is passed to " +":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item`. If :c:member:`!sq_length` is " +"``NULL``, the index is passed as is to the function." +msgstr "" +"负索引号是按如下方式处理的：如果 :c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_length` " +"槽位已被填充，它将被调用并使用序列长度来计算出正索引号并传给 :c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item`。 如果 " +":c:member:`!sq_length` 为 ``NULL``，索引号将原样传给此函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2439 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` and has the same " +"signature. It is also used by :c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`, after trying the item assignment and deletion " +"via the :c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_ass_subscript` slot. This slot may " +"be left to ``NULL`` if the object does not support item assignment and " +"deletion." +msgstr "" +"此函数被 :c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` 所使用并具有相同的签名。 在尝试通过 " +":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_ass_subscript` 槽位执行条目赋值和删除操作之后它还会被用于 " +":c:func:`PyObject_SetItem` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_DelItem`。 " +"如果对象不支持条目和删除则该槽位可以保持为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2448 +msgid "" +"This function may be used by :c:func:`PySequence_Contains` and has the same " +"signature. This slot may be left to ``NULL``, in this case " +":c:func:`!PySequence_Contains` simply traverses the sequence until it finds " +"a match." +msgstr "" +"该函数可供 :c:func:`PySequence_Contains` 使用并具有相同的签名。 此槽位可以保持为 ``NULL``，在此情况下 " +":c:func:`!PySequence_Contains` 只需遍历该序列直到找到一个匹配。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2455 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_InPlaceConcat` and has the same" +" signature. It should modify its first operand, and return it. This slot " +"may be left to ``NULL``, in this case :c:func:`!PySequence_InPlaceConcat` " +"will fall back to :c:func:`PySequence_Concat`. It is also used by the " +"augmented assignment ``+=``, after trying numeric in-place addition via the " +":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_add` slot." +msgstr "" +"此函数被 :c:func:`PySequence_InPlaceConcat` 所使用并具有相同的签名。 它应当修改它的第一个操作数，并将其返回。 " +"该槽位可以保持为 ``NULL``，在此情况下 :c:func:`!PySequence_InPlaceConcat` 将回退到 " +":c:func:`PySequence_Concat`。 在尝试通过 " +":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_add` 槽位执行数字原地相加之后它还会被用于增强赋值运算符 " +"``+=``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2464 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :c:func:`PySequence_InPlaceRepeat` and has the same" +" signature. It should modify its first operand, and return it. This slot " +"may be left to ``NULL``, in this case :c:func:`!PySequence_InPlaceRepeat` " +"will fall back to :c:func:`PySequence_Repeat`. It is also used by the " +"augmented assignment ``*=``, after trying numeric in-place multiplication " +"via the :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_multiply` slot." +msgstr "" +"此函数被 :c:func:`PySequence_InPlaceRepeat` 所使用并具有相同的签名。 它应当修改它的第一个操作数，并将其返回。 " +"该槽位可以保持为 ``NULL``，在此情况下 :c:func:`!PySequence_InPlaceRepeat` 将回退到 " +":c:func:`PySequence_Repeat`。 在尝试通过 " +":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_inplace_multiply` 槽位执行数字原地相乘之后它还会被用于增强赋值运算符 " +"``*=``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2475 +msgid "Buffer Object Structures" +msgstr "缓冲区对象结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2483 +msgid "" +"This structure holds pointers to the functions required by the :ref:`Buffer " +"protocol `. The protocol defines how an exporter object can " +"expose its internal data to consumer objects." +msgstr "" +"此结构体持有指向 :ref:`缓冲区协议 ` 所需要的函数的指针。 " +"该协议定义了导出方对象要如何向消费方对象暴露其内部数据。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2489 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2538 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2592 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2603 +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2615 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2625 +msgid "The signature of this function is::" +msgstr "此函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2491 +msgid "int (PyObject *exporter, Py_buffer *view, int flags);" +msgstr "int (PyObject *exporter, Py_buffer *view, int flags);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2493 +msgid "" +"Handle a request to *exporter* to fill in *view* as specified by *flags*. " +"Except for point (3), an implementation of this function MUST take these " +"steps:" +msgstr "处理发给 *exporter* 的请求来填充 *flags* 所指定的 *view*。 除第 (3) 点外，此函数的实现必须执行以下步骤：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2497 +msgid "" +"Check if the request can be met. If not, raise :exc:`BufferError`, set " +":c:expr:`view->obj` to ``NULL`` and return ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"检查请求是否能被满足。 如果不能，则会引发 :exc:`BufferError`，将 :c:expr:`view->obj` 设为 ``NULL`` " +"并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2500 +msgid "Fill in the requested fields." +msgstr "填充请求的字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2502 +msgid "Increment an internal counter for the number of exports." +msgstr "递增用于保存导出次数的内部计数器。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2504 +msgid "" +"Set :c:expr:`view->obj` to *exporter* and increment :c:expr:`view->obj`." +msgstr "将 :c:expr:`view->obj` 设为 *exporter* 并递增 :c:expr:`view->obj`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2506 +msgid "Return ``0``." +msgstr "返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2508 +msgid "" +"If *exporter* is part of a chain or tree of buffer providers, two main " +"schemes can be used:" +msgstr "如果 *exporter* 是缓冲区提供方的链式或树型结构的一部分，则可以使用两种主要方案：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2511 +msgid "" +"Re-export: Each member of the tree acts as the exporting object and sets " +":c:expr:`view->obj` to a new reference to itself." +msgstr "重导出：树型结构的每个成员作为导出对象并将 :c:expr:`view->obj` 设为对其自身的新引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2514 +msgid "" +"Redirect: The buffer request is redirected to the root object of the tree. " +"Here, :c:expr:`view->obj` will be a new reference to the root object." +msgstr "重定向：缓冲区请求将被重定向到树型结构的根对象。 在此，:c:expr:`view->obj` 将为对根对象的新引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2518 +msgid "" +"The individual fields of *view* are described in section :ref:`Buffer " +"structure `, the rules how an exporter must react to " +"specific requests are in section :ref:`Buffer request types `." +msgstr "" +"*view* 中每个字段的描述参见 :ref:`缓冲区结构体 ` 一节，导出方对于特定请求应当如何反应参见 " +":ref:`缓冲区请求类型 ` 一节。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2523 +msgid "" +"All memory pointed to in the :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure belongs to the " +"exporter and must remain valid until there are no consumers left. " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.format`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape`, " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.suboffsets` and " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.internal` are read-only for the consumer." +msgstr "" +"所有在 :c:type:`Py_buffer` 结构体中被指向的内存都属于导出方并必须保持有效直到不再有任何消费方。 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.format`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape`, " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides`, :c:member:`~Py_buffer.suboffsets` 和 " +":c:member:`~Py_buffer.internal` 对于消费方来说是只读的。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2530 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo` provides an easy way of exposing a simple bytes " +"buffer while dealing correctly with all request types." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo` 提供了一种暴露简单字节缓冲区同时正确处理地所有请求类型的简便方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2533 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` is the interface for the consumer that wraps " +"this function." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 是针对包装此函数的消费方的接口。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2540 +msgid "void (PyObject *exporter, Py_buffer *view);" +msgstr "void (PyObject *exporter, Py_buffer *view);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2542 +msgid "" +"Handle a request to release the resources of the buffer. If no resources " +"need to be released, :c:member:`PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` may be " +"``NULL``. Otherwise, a standard implementation of this function will take " +"these optional steps:" +msgstr "" +"处理释放缓冲区资源的请求。 如果不需要释放任何资源，则 :c:member:`PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` 可以为 " +"``NULL``。 在其他情况下，此函数的标准实现将执行以下的可选步骤：" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2547 +msgid "Decrement an internal counter for the number of exports." +msgstr "递减用于保存导出次数的内部计数器。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2549 +msgid "If the counter is ``0``, free all memory associated with *view*." +msgstr "如果计数器为 ``0``，则释放所有关联到 *view* 的内存。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2551 +msgid "" +"The exporter MUST use the :c:member:`~Py_buffer.internal` field to keep " +"track of buffer-specific resources. This field is guaranteed to remain " +"constant, while a consumer MAY pass a copy of the original buffer as the " +"*view* argument." +msgstr "" +"导出方必须使用 :c:member:`~Py_buffer.internal` 字段来记录缓冲区专属的资源。 " +"该字段将确保恒定，而消费方则可能将原始缓冲区作为 *view* 参数传入。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2557 +msgid "" +"This function MUST NOT decrement :c:expr:`view->obj`, since that is done " +"automatically in :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` (this scheme is useful for " +"breaking reference cycles)." +msgstr "" +"此函数不可递减 :c:expr:`view->obj`，因为这是在 :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` " +"中自动完成的（此方案适用于打破循环引用）。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2562 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` is the interface for the consumer that wraps this" +" function." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` 是针对包装此函数的消费方的接口。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2570 +msgid "Async Object Structures" +msgstr "异步对象结构体" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2578 +msgid "" +"This structure holds pointers to the functions required to implement " +":term:`awaitable` and :term:`asynchronous iterator` objects." +msgstr "" +"此结构体将持有指向需要用来实现 :term:`awaitable` 和 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 对象的函数的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2583 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" unaryfunc am_await;\n" +" unaryfunc am_aiter;\n" +" unaryfunc am_anext;\n" +" sendfunc am_send;\n" +"} PyAsyncMethods;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" unaryfunc am_await;\n" +" unaryfunc am_aiter;\n" +" unaryfunc am_anext;\n" +" sendfunc am_send;\n" +"} PyAsyncMethods;" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2594 +msgid "PyObject *am_await(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "PyObject *am_await(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2596 +msgid "" +"The returned object must be an :term:`iterator`, i.e. :c:func:`PyIter_Check`" +" must return ``1`` for it." +msgstr "返回的对象必须为 :term:`iterator`，即对其执行 :c:func:`PyIter_Check` 必须返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2599 +msgid "" +"This slot may be set to ``NULL`` if an object is not an :term:`awaitable`." +msgstr "如果一个对象不是 :term:`awaitable` 则此槽位可被设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2605 +msgid "PyObject *am_aiter(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "PyObject *am_aiter(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2607 +msgid "" +"Must return an :term:`asynchronous iterator` object. See " +":meth:`~object.__anext__` for details." +msgstr "" +"必须返回一个 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 对象。 请参阅 :meth:`~object.__anext__` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2610 +msgid "" +"This slot may be set to ``NULL`` if an object does not implement " +"asynchronous iteration protocol." +msgstr "如果一个对象没有实现异步迭代协议则此槽位可被设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2617 +msgid "PyObject *am_anext(PyObject *self);" +msgstr "PyObject *am_anext(PyObject *self);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2619 +msgid "" +"Must return an :term:`awaitable` object. See :meth:`~object.__anext__` for " +"details. This slot may be set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"必须返回一个 :term:`awaitable` 对象。 请参阅 :meth:`~object.__anext__` 了解详情。 此槽位可被设为 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2627 +msgid "" +"PySendResult am_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg, PyObject **result);" +msgstr "" +"PySendResult am_send(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg, PyObject **result);" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2629 +msgid "" +"See :c:func:`PyIter_Send` for details. This slot may be set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "请参阅 :c:func:`PyIter_Send` 了解详情。 此槽位可被设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2638 +msgid "Slot Type typedefs" +msgstr "槽位类型 typedef" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2642 +msgid "" +"The purpose of this function is to separate memory allocation from memory " +"initialization. It should return a pointer to a block of memory of adequate" +" length for the instance, suitably aligned, and initialized to zeros, but " +"with :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_refcnt` set to ``1`` and " +":c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` set to the type argument. If the type's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` is non-zero, the object's " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field should be initialized to *nitems* and" +" the length of the allocated memory block should be ``tp_basicsize + " +"nitems*tp_itemsize``, rounded up to a multiple of ``sizeof(void*)``; " +"otherwise, *nitems* is not used and the length of the block should be " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`." +msgstr "" +"此函数的设计目标是将内存分配与内存初始化进行分离。 它应当返回一个指向足够容纳实例长度，适当对齐，并初始化为零的内存块的指针，但将 " +":c:member:`~PyObject.ob_refcnt` 设为 ``1`` 并将 :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` 设为" +" type 参数。 如果类型的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` 为非零值，则对象的 " +":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段应当被初始化为 *nitems* 而分配内存块的长度应为 " +"``tp_basicsize + nitems*tp_itemsize``，并舍入到 ``sizeof(void*)`` " +"的倍数；在其他情况下，*nitems* 将不会被使用而内存块的长度应为 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2652 +msgid "" +"This function should not do any other instance initialization, not even to " +"allocate additional memory; that should be done by " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`." +msgstr "" +"此函数不应执行任何其他实例初始化操作，即使是分配额外内存也不应执行；那应当由 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 来完成。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2659 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2663 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2667 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2671 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2675 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2684 +msgid "Return the value of the named attribute for the object." +msgstr "返回对象的指定属性的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2679 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2690 +msgid "" +"Set the value of the named attribute for the object. The value argument is " +"set to ``NULL`` to delete the attribute." +msgstr "为对象设置指定属性的值。 将 value 参数设为 ``NULL`` 将删除该属性。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2686 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2693 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2697 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_get`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_get`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2701 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_set`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_descr_set`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2705 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2709 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2713 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2717 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2731 +msgid "See :c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_send`." +msgstr "参见 :c:member:`~PyAsyncMethods.am_send`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2747 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2749 +msgid "" +"The following are simple examples of Python type definitions. They include " +"common usage you may encounter. Some demonstrate tricky corner cases. For " +"more examples, practical info, and a tutorial, see :ref:`defining-new-types`" +" and :ref:`new-types-topics`." +msgstr "" +"下面是一些 Python 类型定义的简单示例。 其中包括你可能会遇到的通常用法。 有些演示了令人困惑的边际情况。 " +"要获取更多示例、实践信息以及教程，请参阅 :ref:`defining-new-types` 和 :ref:`new-types-topics`。" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2754 +msgid "A basic :ref:`static type `::" +msgstr "一个基本的 :ref:`静态类型 `::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2756 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" const char *data;\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyObject),\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"My objects\"),\n" +" .tp_new = myobj_new,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor)myobj_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_repr = (reprfunc)myobj_repr,\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" const char *data;\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyObject),\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"My objects\"),\n" +" .tp_new = myobj_new,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor)myobj_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_repr = (reprfunc)myobj_repr,\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2771 +msgid "" +"You may also find older code (especially in the CPython code base) with a " +"more verbose initializer::" +msgstr "你可能还会看到带有更繁琐的初始化器的较旧代码（特别是在 CPython 代码库中）::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2774 +msgid "" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" \"mymod.MyObject\", /* tp_name */\n" +" sizeof(MyObject), /* tp_basicsize */\n" +" 0, /* tp_itemsize */\n" +" (destructor)myobj_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */\n" +" 0, /* tp_vectorcall_offset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_getattr */\n" +" 0, /* tp_setattr */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_async */\n" +" (reprfunc)myobj_repr, /* tp_repr */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_number */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_sequence */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_mapping */\n" +" 0, /* tp_hash */\n" +" 0, /* tp_call */\n" +" 0, /* tp_str */\n" +" 0, /* tp_getattro */\n" +" 0, /* tp_setattro */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_buffer */\n" +" 0, /* tp_flags */\n" +" PyDoc_STR(\"My objects\"), /* tp_doc */\n" +" 0, /* tp_traverse */\n" +" 0, /* tp_clear */\n" +" 0, /* tp_richcompare */\n" +" 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_iter */\n" +" 0, /* tp_iternext */\n" +" 0, /* tp_methods */\n" +" 0, /* tp_members */\n" +" 0, /* tp_getset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_base */\n" +" 0, /* tp_dict */\n" +" 0, /* tp_descr_get */\n" +" 0, /* tp_descr_set */\n" +" 0, /* tp_dictoffset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_init */\n" +" 0, /* tp_alloc */\n" +" myobj_new, /* tp_new */\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" \"mymod.MyObject\", /* tp_name */\n" +" sizeof(MyObject), /* tp_basicsize */\n" +" 0, /* tp_itemsize */\n" +" (destructor)myobj_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */\n" +" 0, /* tp_vectorcall_offset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_getattr */\n" +" 0, /* tp_setattr */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_async */\n" +" (reprfunc)myobj_repr, /* tp_repr */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_number */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_sequence */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_mapping */\n" +" 0, /* tp_hash */\n" +" 0, /* tp_call */\n" +" 0, /* tp_str */\n" +" 0, /* tp_getattro */\n" +" 0, /* tp_setattro */\n" +" 0, /* tp_as_buffer */\n" +" 0, /* tp_flags */\n" +" PyDoc_STR(\"My objects\"), /* tp_doc */\n" +" 0, /* tp_traverse */\n" +" 0, /* tp_clear */\n" +" 0, /* tp_richcompare */\n" +" 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_iter */\n" +" 0, /* tp_iternext */\n" +" 0, /* tp_methods */\n" +" 0, /* tp_members */\n" +" 0, /* tp_getset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_base */\n" +" 0, /* tp_dict */\n" +" 0, /* tp_descr_get */\n" +" 0, /* tp_descr_set */\n" +" 0, /* tp_dictoffset */\n" +" 0, /* tp_init */\n" +" 0, /* tp_alloc */\n" +" myobj_new, /* tp_new */\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2815 +msgid "A type that supports weakrefs, instance dicts, and hashing::" +msgstr "一个支持弱引用、实例字典和哈希运算的类型::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2817 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" const char *data;\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyObject),\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"My objects\"),\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |\n" +" Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT |\n" +" Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF,\n" +" .tp_new = myobj_new,\n" +" .tp_traverse = (traverseproc)myobj_traverse,\n" +" .tp_clear = (inquiry)myobj_clear,\n" +" .tp_alloc = PyType_GenericNew,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor)myobj_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_repr = (reprfunc)myobj_repr,\n" +" .tp_hash = (hashfunc)myobj_hash,\n" +" .tp_richcompare = PyBaseObject_Type.tp_richcompare,\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" const char *data;\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyObject),\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"My objects\"),\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE |\n" +" Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT |\n" +" Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF,\n" +" .tp_new = myobj_new,\n" +" .tp_traverse = (traverseproc)myobj_traverse,\n" +" .tp_clear = (inquiry)myobj_clear,\n" +" .tp_alloc = PyType_GenericNew,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor)myobj_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_repr = (reprfunc)myobj_repr,\n" +" .tp_hash = (hashfunc)myobj_hash,\n" +" .tp_richcompare = PyBaseObject_Type.tp_richcompare,\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2840 +msgid "" +"A str subclass that cannot be subclassed and cannot be called to create " +"instances (e.g. uses a separate factory func) using " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` flag::" +msgstr "" +"一个不能被子类化且不能被调用以使用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` " +"旗标创建实例（例如使用单独的工厂函数）的 str 子类::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2844 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyUnicodeObject raw;\n" +" char *extra;\n" +"} MyStr;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyStr_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyStr\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyStr),\n" +" .tp_base = NULL, // set to &PyUnicode_Type in module init\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"my custom str\"),\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION,\n" +" .tp_repr = (reprfunc)myobj_repr,\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyUnicodeObject raw;\n" +" char *extra;\n" +"} MyStr;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyStr_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyStr\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyStr),\n" +" .tp_base = NULL, // set to &PyUnicode_Type in module init\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"my custom str\"),\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION,\n" +" .tp_repr = (reprfunc)myobj_repr,\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2859 +msgid "" +"The simplest :ref:`static type ` with fixed-length instances::" +msgstr "最简单的固定长度实例 :ref:`静态类型 `::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2861 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2870 +msgid "" +"The simplest :ref:`static type ` with variable-length " +"instances::" +msgstr "最简单的具有可变长度实例的 :ref:`静态类型 `::" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:2872 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" +" const char *data[1];\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyObject) - sizeof(char *),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = sizeof(char *),\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" +" const char *data[1];\n" +"} MyObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject MyObject_Type = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"mymod.MyObject\",\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(MyObject) - sizeof(char *),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = sizeof(char *),\n" +"};" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:842 ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:907 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:842 +msgid "repr" +msgstr "repr" + +#: ../../c-api/typeobj.rst:907 +msgid "hash" +msgstr "hash" diff --git a/c-api/unicode.po b/c-api/unicode.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd914ea00 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/unicode.po @@ -0,0 +1,2246 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 8af080f2e6702c64bedd01873aed27e8_25aec74 , 2021 +# 1lin24 <1lin24@sina.com>, 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# 钢 彭 , 2023 +# ww song , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:6 +msgid "Unicode Objects and Codecs" +msgstr "Unicode对象和编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:12 +msgid "Unicode Objects" +msgstr "Unicode对象" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Since the implementation of :pep:`393` in Python 3.3, Unicode objects " +"internally use a variety of representations, in order to allow handling the " +"complete range of Unicode characters while staying memory efficient. There " +"are special cases for strings where all code points are below 128, 256, or " +"65536; otherwise, code points must be below 1114112 (which is the full " +"Unicode range)." +msgstr "" +"自从python3.3中实现了 :pep:`393` " +"以来，Unicode对象在内部使用各种表示形式，以便在保持内存效率的同时处理完整范围的Unicode字符。对于所有代码点都低于128、256或65536的字符串，有一些特殊情况；否则，代码点必须低于1114112（这是完整的Unicode范围）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:20 +msgid "" +"UTF-8 representation is created on demand and cached in the Unicode object." +msgstr "UTF-8 表示将按需创建并缓存在 Unicode 对象中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` representation has been removed since Python 3.12 " +"with deprecated APIs. See :pep:`623` for more information." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` 表示形式在 Python 3.12 中同被弃用的 API 一起被移除了，查阅 :pep:`623` " +"以获得更多信息。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:29 +msgid "Unicode Type" +msgstr "Unicode类型" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:31 +msgid "" +"These are the basic Unicode object types used for the Unicode implementation" +" in Python:" +msgstr "以下是用于Python中Unicode实现的基本Unicode对象类型：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:38 +msgid "" +"These types are typedefs for unsigned integer types wide enough to contain " +"characters of 32 bits, 16 bits and 8 bits, respectively. When dealing with " +"single Unicode characters, use :c:type:`Py_UCS4`." +msgstr "" +"这些类型是无符号整数类型的类型定义，其宽度足以分别包含 32 位、16 位和 8 位字符。 当需要处理单个 Unicode 字符时，请使用 " +":c:type:`Py_UCS4`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This is a typedef of :c:type:`wchar_t`, which is a 16-bit type or 32-bit " +"type depending on the platform." +msgstr "这是 :c:type:`wchar_t` 的类型定义，根据平台的不同它可能为 16 位类型或 32 位类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:50 +msgid "" +"In previous versions, this was a 16-bit type or a 32-bit type depending on " +"whether you selected a \"narrow\" or \"wide\" Unicode version of Python at " +"build time." +msgstr "在以前的版本中，这是16位类型还是32位类型，这取决于您在构建时选择的是“窄”还是“宽”Unicode版本的Python。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:62 +msgid "" +"These subtypes of :c:type:`PyObject` represent a Python Unicode object. In " +"almost all cases, they shouldn't be used directly, since all API functions " +"that deal with Unicode objects take and return :c:type:`PyObject` pointers." +msgstr "" +"这些关于 :c:type:`PyObject` 的子类型表示了一个 Python Unicode 对象。 " +"在几乎所有情形下，它们不应该被直接使用，因为所有处理 Unicode 对象的 API 函数都接受并返回 :c:type:`PyObject` " +"类型的指针。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:71 +msgid "" +"This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python Unicode type." +" It is exposed to Python code as ``str``." +msgstr "" +"这个 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 实例代表 Python Unicode 类型。 它作为 ``str`` 公开给 Python 代码。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:75 +msgid "" +"The following APIs are C macros and static inlined functions for fast checks" +" and access to internal read-only data of Unicode objects:" +msgstr "以下API是C宏和静态内联函数，用于快速检查和访问Unicode对象的内部只读数据：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Return true if the object *obj* is a Unicode object or an instance of a " +"Unicode subtype. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *obj* 是 Unicode 对象或 Unicode 子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Return true if the object *obj* is a Unicode object, but not an instance of " +"a subtype. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果对象 *obj* 是一个 Unicode 对象，但不是某个子类型的实例则返回真值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:92 +msgid "Returns ``0``. This API is kept only for backward compatibility." +msgstr "返回 ``0``。 此 API 仅为向下兼容而保留。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:96 +msgid "This API does nothing since Python 3.12." +msgstr "此 API 从 Python 3.12 起将不做任何事。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Return the length of the Unicode string, in code points. *unicode* has to " +"be a Unicode object in the \"canonical\" representation (not checked)." +msgstr "返回以码位点数量表示的 Unicode 字符串长度。 *unicode* 必须为“规范”表示的 Unicode 对象（不会检查这一点）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to the canonical representation cast to UCS1, UCS2 or UCS4 " +"integer types for direct character access. No checks are performed if the " +"canonical representation has the correct character size; use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_KIND` to select the right function." +msgstr "" +"返回一个用于直接字符访问的指向转换为 UCS1、UCS2 或 UCS4 整数类型的规范表示的指针。 如果规范表示具有正确的字符大小，则不执行检查；使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_KIND` 选择正确的函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:124 +msgid "Return values of the :c:func:`PyUnicode_KIND` macro." +msgstr "返回 :c:func:`PyUnicode_KIND` 宏的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:128 +msgid "``PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`` has been removed." +msgstr "``PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`` 已被移除。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Return one of the PyUnicode kind constants (see above) that indicate how " +"many bytes per character this Unicode object uses to store its data. " +"*unicode* has to be a Unicode object in the \"canonical\" representation " +"(not checked)." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 PyUnicode 类型的常量（见上文），指明此see above) that indicate how many bytes per " +"character this Unicode 对象用来存储每个字符所使用的字节数。 *unicode* 必须为“规范”表示的 Unicode " +"对象（不会检查这一点）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Return a void pointer to the raw Unicode buffer. *unicode* has to be a " +"Unicode object in the \"canonical\" representation (not checked)." +msgstr "返回一个指向原始 Unicode 缓冲区的空指针。 *unicode* 必须为“规范”表示的 Unicode 对象（不会检查这一点）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Write into a canonical representation *data* (as obtained with " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DATA`). This function performs no sanity checks, and is " +"intended for usage in loops. The caller should cache the *kind* value and " +"*data* pointer as obtained from other calls. *index* is the index in the " +"string (starts at 0) and *value* is the new code point value which should be" +" written to that location." +msgstr "" +"写入一个规范表示的 *data* (如同用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DATA` 获取)。 此函数不会执行正确性检查，被设计为在循环中使用。" +" 调用者应当如同从其他调用中获取一样缓存 *kind* 值和 *data* 指针。 *index* 是字符串中的索引号 (从 0 开始) 而 " +"*value* 是应写入该位置的新码位值。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Read a code point from a canonical representation *data* (as obtained with " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DATA`). No checks or ready calls are performed." +msgstr "从规范表示的 *data* (如同用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DATA` 获取) 中读取一个码位。 不会执行检查或就绪调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Read a character from a Unicode object *unicode*, which must be in the " +"\"canonical\" representation. This is less efficient than " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_READ` if you do multiple consecutive reads." +msgstr "" +"从 Unicode 对象 *unicode* 读取一个字符，必须为“规范”表示形式。 如果你执行多次连续读取则此函数的效率将低于 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_READ`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Return the maximum code point that is suitable for creating another string " +"based on *unicode*, which must be in the \"canonical\" representation. This" +" is always an approximation but more efficient than iterating over the " +"string." +msgstr "" +"返回适合基于 *unicode* 创建另一个字符串的最大码位点，该参数必须为“规范”表示形式。 这始终是一种近似但比在字符串上执行迭代更高效。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if the string is a valid identifier according to the language " +"definition, section :ref:`identifiers`. Return ``0`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果字符串按照语言定义是合法的标识符则返回 ``1``，参见 :ref:`identifiers` 小节。 否则返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The function does not call :c:func:`Py_FatalError` anymore if the string is " +"not ready." +msgstr "如果字符串尚未就绪则此函数不会再调用 :c:func:`Py_FatalError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:200 +msgid "Unicode Character Properties" +msgstr "Unicode字符属性" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:202 +msgid "" +"Unicode provides many different character properties. The most often needed " +"ones are available through these macros which are mapped to C functions " +"depending on the Python configuration." +msgstr "Unicode提供了许多不同的字符特性。最常需要的宏可以通过这些宏获得，这些宏根据Python配置映射到C函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a whitespace character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为空白字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a lowercase character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为小写字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is an uppercase character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为大写字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a titlecase character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为标题化的大小写返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a linebreak character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为换行类字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a decimal character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为十进制数字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:239 +msgid "Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a digit character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为数码类字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a numeric character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为数值类字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is an alphabetic character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为字母类字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is an alphanumeric " +"character." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为字母数字类字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a printable character, in" +" the sense of :meth:`str.isprintable`." +msgstr "根据 *ch* 是否为可打印字符返回 ``1`` 或 ``0``，基于 :meth:`str.isprintable` 来判断。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:263 +msgid "These APIs can be used for fast direct character conversions:" +msgstr "这些 API 可用于快速直接的字符转换：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:268 +msgid "Return the character *ch* converted to lower case." +msgstr "返回转换为小写形式的字符 *ch*。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:273 +msgid "Return the character *ch* converted to upper case." +msgstr "返回转换为大写形式的字符 *ch*。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:278 +msgid "Return the character *ch* converted to title case." +msgstr "返回转换为标题大小写形式的字符 *ch*。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Return the character *ch* converted to a decimal positive integer. Return " +"``-1`` if this is not possible. This function does not raise exceptions." +msgstr "将字符 *ch* 转换为十进制正整数返回。 如果无法转换则返回 ``-1``。 此函数不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:289 +msgid "" +"Return the character *ch* converted to a single digit integer. Return ``-1``" +" if this is not possible. This function does not raise exceptions." +msgstr "将字符 *ch* 转换为单个数码位的整数返回。 如果无法转换则返回 ``-1``。 此函数不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Return the character *ch* converted to a double. Return ``-1.0`` if this is " +"not possible. This function does not raise exceptions." +msgstr "将字符 *ch* 转换为双精度浮点数返回。 如果无法转换则返回 ``-1.0``。 此函数不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:299 +msgid "These APIs can be used to work with surrogates:" +msgstr "这些 API 可被用来操作代理项：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:303 +msgid "Check if *ch* is a surrogate (``0xD800 <= ch <= 0xDFFF``)." +msgstr "检测 *ch* 是否为代理项 (``0xD800 <= ch <= 0xDFFF``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:307 +msgid "Check if *ch* is a high surrogate (``0xD800 <= ch <= 0xDBFF``)." +msgstr "检测 *ch* 是否为高代理项 (``0xD800 <= ch <= 0xDBFF``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:311 +msgid "Check if *ch* is a low surrogate (``0xDC00 <= ch <= 0xDFFF``)." +msgstr "检测 *ch* 是否为低代理项 (``0xDC00 <= ch <= 0xDFFF``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Join two surrogate code points and return a single :c:type:`Py_UCS4` value. " +"*high* and *low* are respectively the leading and trailing surrogates in a " +"surrogate pair. *high* must be in the range [0xD800; 0xDBFF] and *low* must " +"be in the range [0xDC00; 0xDFFF]." +msgstr "" +"合并两个代理码位并返回单个 :c:type:`Py_UCS4` 值。 *high* 和 *low* 分别为一个代理对的开头和末尾代理项。 *high* " +"必须在 [0xD800; 0xDBFF] 范围内而 *low* 必须在 [0xDC00; 0xDFFF] 范围内。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:322 +msgid "Creating and accessing Unicode strings" +msgstr "创建和访问 Unicode 字符串" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:324 +msgid "" +"To create Unicode objects and access their basic sequence properties, use " +"these APIs:" +msgstr "要创建 Unicode 对象和访问其基本序列属性，请使用这些 API：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Create a new Unicode object. *maxchar* should be the true maximum code " +"point to be placed in the string. As an approximation, it can be rounded up" +" to the nearest value in the sequence 127, 255, 65535, 1114111." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的 Unicode 对象。 *maxchar* 应为可放入字符串的实际最大码位。 作为一个近似值，它可被向上舍入到序列 127, 255, " +"65535, 1114111 中最接近的值。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:333 +msgid "" +"This is the recommended way to allocate a new Unicode object. Objects " +"created using this function are not resizable." +msgstr "这是分配新的 Unicode 对象的推荐方式。 使用此函数创建的对象不可改变大小。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:336 +msgid "On error, set an exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "发生错误时，将设置异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Create a new Unicode object with the given *kind* (possible values are " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND` etc., as returned by " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_KIND`). The *buffer* must point to an array of *size* " +"units of 1, 2 or 4 bytes per character, as given by the kind." +msgstr "" +"以给定的 *kind* 创建一个新的 Unicode 对象（可能的值为 :c:macro:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND` 等，即 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_KIND` 所返回的值）。 *buffer* 必须指向由此分类所给出的，以每字符 1, 2 或 4 字节单位的 " +"*size* 大小的数组。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:349 +msgid "" +"If necessary, the input *buffer* is copied and transformed into the " +"canonical representation. For example, if the *buffer* is a UCS4 string " +"(:c:macro:`PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND`) and it consists only of codepoints in the " +"UCS1 range, it will be transformed into UCS1 " +"(:c:macro:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND`)." +msgstr "" +"如有必要，输入 *buffer* 将被拷贝并转换为规范表示形式。 例如，如果 *buffer* 是一个 UCS4 字符串 " +"(:c:macro:`PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND`) 且仅由 UCS1 范围内的码位组成，它将被转换为 UCS1 " +"(:c:macro:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object from the char buffer *str*. The bytes will be " +"interpreted as being UTF-8 encoded. The buffer is copied into the new " +"object. The return value might be a shared object, i.e. modification of the " +"data is not allowed." +msgstr "" +"根据字符缓冲区 *str* 创建一个 Unicode 对象。 字节数据将按 UTF-8 编码格式来解读。 缓冲区会被拷贝到新的对象中。 " +"返回值可以是一个共享对象，即其数据不允许修改。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:366 +msgid "This function raises :exc:`SystemError` when:" +msgstr "此函数会因以下情况而引发 :exc:`SystemError`:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:368 +msgid "*size* < 0," +msgstr "*size* < 0," + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:369 +msgid "*str* is ``NULL`` and *size* > 0" +msgstr "*str* 为 ``NULL`` 且 *size* > 0" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:371 +msgid "*str* == ``NULL`` with *size* > 0 is not allowed anymore." +msgstr "*str* == ``NULL`` 且 *size* > 0 不再被允许。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object from a UTF-8 encoded null-terminated char buffer " +"*str*." +msgstr "根据 UTF-8 编码的以空值结束的字符缓冲区 *str* 创建一个 Unicode 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Take a C :c:func:`printf`\\ -style *format* string and a variable number of " +"arguments, calculate the size of the resulting Python Unicode string and " +"return a string with the values formatted into it. The variable arguments " +"must be C types and must correspond exactly to the format characters in the " +"*format* ASCII-encoded string." +msgstr "" +"接受一个 C :c:func:`printf` 风格的 *format* 字符串和可变数量的参数，计算结果 Python Unicode " +"字符串的大小并返回包含已格式化值的字符串。 可变数量的参数必须均为 C 类型并且必须恰好与 *format* ASCII 编码字符串中的格式字符相对应。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:389 +msgid "" +"A conversion specifier contains two or more characters and has the following" +" components, which must occur in this order:" +msgstr "转换标记符包含两个或更多字符并具有以下组成，且必须遵循此处规定的顺序：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:392 +msgid "The ``'%'`` character, which marks the start of the specifier." +msgstr "``'%'`` 字符，用于标记转换符的起始。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Conversion flags (optional), which affect the result of some conversion " +"types." +msgstr "转换旗标（可选），用于影响某些转换类型的结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:397 +msgid "" +"Minimum field width (optional). If specified as an ``'*'`` (asterisk), the " +"actual width is given in the next argument, which must be of type " +":c:expr:`int`, and the object to convert comes after the minimum field width" +" and optional precision." +msgstr "" +"最小字段宽度（可选）。 如果指定为 ``'*'`` (星号)，则实际宽度会在下一参数中给出，该参数必须为 :c:expr:`int` " +"类型，要转换的对象则放在最小字段宽度和可选精度之后。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Precision (optional), given as a ``'.'`` (dot) followed by the precision. If" +" specified as ``'*'`` (an asterisk), the actual precision is given in the " +"next argument, which must be of type :c:expr:`int`, and the value to convert" +" comes after the precision." +msgstr "" +"精度（可选），以在 ``'.'`` (点号) 之后加精度值的形式给出。 如果指定为 ``'*'`` (星号)，则实际精度会在下一参数中给出，该参数必须为" +" :c:expr:`int` 类型，要转换的对象则放在精度之后。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:407 +msgid "Length modifier (optional)." +msgstr "长度修饰符（可选）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:409 +msgid "Conversion type." +msgstr "转换类型。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:411 +msgid "The conversion flag characters are:" +msgstr "转换旗标为：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:416 +msgid "Flag" +msgstr "标志" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:416 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:418 +msgid "``0``" +msgstr "``0``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:418 +msgid "The conversion will be zero padded for numeric values." +msgstr "转换将为数字值填充零字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:420 +msgid "``-``" +msgstr "``-``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:420 +msgid "" +"The converted value is left adjusted (overrides the ``0`` flag if both are " +"given)." +msgstr "转换值将靠左对齐（如果同时给出则会覆盖 ``0`` 旗标）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:424 +msgid "" +"The length modifiers for following integer conversions (``d``, ``i``, ``o``," +" ``u``, ``x``, or ``X``) specify the type of the argument (:c:expr:`int` by " +"default):" +msgstr "" +"以下整数转换的长度修饰符 (``d``, ``i``, ``o``, ``u``, ``x``, or ``X``) 指明参数的类型 (默认为 " +":c:expr:`int`):" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:431 +msgid "Modifier" +msgstr "修饰符" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:431 +msgid "Types" +msgstr "类型" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:433 +msgid "``l``" +msgstr "``l``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:433 +msgid ":c:expr:`long` or :c:expr:`unsigned long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long` 或 :c:expr:`unsigned long`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:435 +msgid "``ll``" +msgstr "``ll``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:435 +msgid ":c:expr:`long long` or :c:expr:`unsigned long long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long long` 或 :c:expr:`unsigned long long`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:437 +msgid "``j``" +msgstr "``j``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:437 +msgid ":c:type:`intmax_t` or :c:type:`uintmax_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`intmax_t` 或 :c:type:`uintmax_t`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:439 +msgid "``z``" +msgstr "``z``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:439 +msgid ":c:type:`size_t` or :c:type:`ssize_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`size_t` 或 :c:type:`ssize_t`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:441 +msgid "``t``" +msgstr "``t``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:441 +msgid ":c:type:`ptrdiff_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`ptrdiff_t`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:444 +msgid "" +"The length modifier ``l`` for following conversions ``s`` or ``V`` specify " +"that the type of the argument is :c:expr:`const wchar_t*`." +msgstr "针对以下转换 ``s`` 或 ``V`` 的长度修饰符 ``l`` 指明参数的类型为 :c:expr:`const wchar_t*`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:447 +msgid "The conversion specifiers are:" +msgstr "转换指示符如下:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:453 +msgid "Conversion Specifier" +msgstr "转换指示符" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:454 +msgid "Type" +msgstr "类型" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:455 +msgid "Comment" +msgstr "注释" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:457 +msgid "``%``" +msgstr "``%``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:458 +msgid "*n/a*" +msgstr "*不适用*" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:459 +msgid "The literal ``%`` character." +msgstr "字面的 ``%`` 字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:461 +msgid "``d``, ``i``" +msgstr "``d``, ``i``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:462 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:466 +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:470 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:474 +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:478 +msgid "Specified by the length modifier" +msgstr "由长度修饰符指明" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:463 +msgid "The decimal representation of a signed C integer." +msgstr "有符号 C 整数的十进制表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:465 +msgid "``u``" +msgstr "``u``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:467 +msgid "The decimal representation of an unsigned C integer." +msgstr "无符号 C 整数的十进制表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:469 +msgid "``o``" +msgstr "``o``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:471 +msgid "The octal representation of an unsigned C integer." +msgstr "无符号 C 整数的八进制表示。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:473 +msgid "``x``" +msgstr "``x``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:475 +msgid "The hexadecimal representation of an unsigned C integer (lowercase)." +msgstr "无符号 C 整数的十六进制表示（小写）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:477 +msgid "``X``" +msgstr "``X``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:479 +msgid "The hexadecimal representation of an unsigned C integer (uppercase)." +msgstr "无符号 C 整数的十六进制表示（大写）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:481 +msgid "``c``" +msgstr "``c``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:482 +msgid ":c:expr:`int`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`int`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:483 +msgid "A single character." +msgstr "单个字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:485 +msgid "``s``" +msgstr "``s``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:486 +msgid ":c:expr:`const char*` or :c:expr:`const wchar_t*`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`const char*` 或 :c:expr:`const wchar_t*`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:487 +msgid "A null-terminated C character array." +msgstr "以 null 为终止符的 C 字符数组。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:489 +msgid "``p``" +msgstr "``p``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:490 +msgid ":c:expr:`const void*`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`const void*`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:491 +msgid "" +"The hex representation of a C pointer. Mostly equivalent to " +"``printf(\"%p\")`` except that it is guaranteed to start with the literal " +"``0x`` regardless of what the platform's ``printf`` yields." +msgstr "" +"一个 C 指针的十六进制表示形式。 基本等价于 ``printf(\"%p\")`` 但它会确保以字面值 ``0x`` 开头而不管系统平台上的 " +"``printf`` 输出是什么。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:496 +msgid "``A``" +msgstr "``A``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:497 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:501 +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:511 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:515 +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:519 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:524 +msgid ":c:expr:`PyObject*`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`PyObject*`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:498 +msgid "The result of calling :func:`ascii`." +msgstr ":func:`ascii` 调用的结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:500 +msgid "``U``" +msgstr "``U``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:502 +msgid "A Unicode object." +msgstr "一个 Unicode 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:504 +msgid "``V``" +msgstr "``V``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:505 +msgid ":c:expr:`PyObject*`, :c:expr:`const char*` or :c:expr:`const wchar_t*`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`PyObject*`, :c:expr:`const char*` 或 :c:expr:`const wchar_t*`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:506 +msgid "" +"A Unicode object (which may be ``NULL``) and a null-terminated C character " +"array as a second parameter (which will be used, if the first parameter is " +"``NULL``)." +msgstr "" +"一个 Unicode 对象 (可以为 ``NULL``) 和一个以空值结束的 C 字符数组作为第二个形参（如果第一个形参为 " +"``NULL``，第二个形参将被使用）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:510 +msgid "``S``" +msgstr "``S``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:512 +msgid "The result of calling :c:func:`PyObject_Str`." +msgstr "调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Str` 的结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:514 +msgid "``R``" +msgstr "``R``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:516 +msgid "The result of calling :c:func:`PyObject_Repr`." +msgstr "调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` 的结果。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:518 +msgid "``T``" +msgstr "``T``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:520 +msgid "" +"Get the fully qualified name of an object type; call " +":c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName`." +msgstr "要获取对象类型的完整限定名称；请调用 :c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:523 +msgid "``#T``" +msgstr "``#T``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:525 +msgid "" +"Similar to ``T`` format, but use a colon (``:``) as separator between the " +"module name and the qualified name." +msgstr "类似于 ``T`` 格式，但会使用冒号 (``:``) 作为模块名称和限定名称之间的分隔符。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:528 +msgid "``N``" +msgstr "``N``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:529 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:534 +msgid ":c:expr:`PyTypeObject*`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`PyTypeObject*`" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Get the fully qualified name of a type; call " +":c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName`." +msgstr "获取类型的完整限定名称；调用 :c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:533 +msgid "``#N``" +msgstr "``#N``" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:535 +msgid "" +"Similar to ``N`` format, but use a colon (``:``) as separator between the " +"module name and the qualified name." +msgstr "类似于 ``N`` 格式，但会使用冒号 (``:``) 作为模块名称和限定名称之间的分隔符。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:539 +msgid "" +"The width formatter unit is number of characters rather than bytes. The " +"precision formatter unit is number of bytes or :c:type:`wchar_t` items (if " +"the length modifier ``l`` is used) for ``\"%s\"`` and ``\"%V\"`` (if the " +"``PyObject*`` argument is ``NULL``), and a number of characters for " +"``\"%A\"``, ``\"%U\"``, ``\"%S\"``, ``\"%R\"`` and ``\"%V\"`` (if the " +"``PyObject*`` argument is not ``NULL``)." +msgstr "" +"格式符的宽度单位是字符数而不是字节数。 格式符的精度单位对于 ``\"%s\"`` 和 ``\"%V\"`` (如果 ``PyObject*`` 参数为" +" ``NULL``) 是字节数或 :c:type:`wchar_t` 项数 (如果使用了长度修饰符 ``l``)，而对于 ``\"%A\"``, " +"``\"%U\"``, ``\"%S\"``, ``\"%R\"`` 和 ``\"%V\"`` (如果 ``PyObject*`` 参数不为 " +"``NULL``) 则为字符数。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:547 +msgid "" +"Unlike to C :c:func:`printf` the ``0`` flag has effect even when a precision" +" is given for integer conversions (``d``, ``i``, ``u``, ``o``, ``x``, or " +"``X``)." +msgstr "" +"与 C :c:func:`printf` 不同的是 ``0`` 旗标即使在为整数转换 (``d``, ``i``, ``u``, ``o``, " +"``x``, or ``X``) 指定精度时也是有效的。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:551 +msgid "Support for ``\"%lld\"`` and ``\"%llu\"`` added." +msgstr "增加了对 ``\"%lld\"`` 和 ``\"%llu\"`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:554 +msgid "Support for ``\"%li\"``, ``\"%lli\"`` and ``\"%zi\"`` added." +msgstr "增加了对 ``\"%li\"``, ``\"%lli\"`` 和 ``\"%zi\"`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Support width and precision formatter for ``\"%s\"``, ``\"%A\"``, " +"``\"%U\"``, ``\"%V\"``, ``\"%S\"``, ``\"%R\"`` added." +msgstr "增加了对 ``\"%s\"``, ``\"%A\"``, ``\"%U\"``, ``\"%V\"``, ``\"%S\"``, ``\"%R\"`` 的宽度和精度格式符支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:561 +msgid "" +"Support for conversion specifiers ``o`` and ``X``. Support for length " +"modifiers ``j`` and ``t``. Length modifiers are now applied to all integer " +"conversions. Length modifier ``l`` is now applied to conversion specifiers " +"``s`` and ``V``. Support for variable width and precision ``*``. Support for" +" flag ``-``." +msgstr "" +"支持转换说明符 ``o`` 和 ``X``。 支持长度修饰符 ``j`` 和 ``t``。 长度修饰符现在将应用于所有整数转换。 长度修饰符 ``l``" +" 现在将应用于转换说明符 ``s`` 和 ``V``。 支持可变宽度和精度 ``*``。 支持旗标 ``-``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:569 +msgid "" +"An unrecognized format character now sets a :exc:`SystemError`. In previous " +"versions it caused all the rest of the format string to be copied as-is to " +"the result string, and any extra arguments discarded." +msgstr "" +"不可识别的格式字符现在会设置一个 :exc:`SystemError`。 " +"在之前版本中它会导致所有剩余格式字符串被原样拷贝到结果字符串，并丢弃任何额外的参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:573 +msgid "Support for ``%T``, ``%#T``, ``%N`` and ``%#N`` formats added." +msgstr "增加了对 ``%T``, ``%#T``, ``%N`` 和 ``%#N`` 等格式的支持。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:579 +msgid "" +"Identical to :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` except that it takes exactly two" +" arguments." +msgstr "等同于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 但它将接受恰好两个参数。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:585 +msgid "" +"Copy an instance of a Unicode subtype to a new true Unicode object if " +"necessary. If *obj* is already a true Unicode object (not a subtype), return" +" a new :term:`strong reference` to the object." +msgstr "" +"如有必要将把一个 Unicode 子类型的实例拷贝为新的真实 Unicode 对象。 如果 *obj* 已经是一个真实 Unicode " +"对象（而非子类型），则返回一个新的指向该对象的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:589 +msgid "" +"Objects other than Unicode or its subtypes will cause a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "非 Unicode 或其子类型的对象将导致 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:594 +msgid "Create a Unicode Object from the given Unicode code point *ordinal*." +msgstr "根据给定的 Unicode 码点 *ordinal* 创建一个 Unicode 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:596 +msgid "" +"The ordinal must be in ``range(0x110000)``. A :exc:`ValueError` is raised in" +" the case it is not." +msgstr "码点必须在 ``range(0x110000)`` 范围内。 如果超出范围则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:603 +msgid "Decode an encoded object *obj* to a Unicode object." +msgstr "将一个已编码的对象 *obj* 解码为 Unicode 对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:605 +msgid "" +":class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` and other :term:`bytes-like objects " +"` are decoded according to the given *encoding* and using" +" the error handling defined by *errors*. Both can be ``NULL`` to have the " +"interface use the default values (see :ref:`builtincodecs` for details)." +msgstr "" +":class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` 和其他 :term:`字节类对象 ` " +"将按照给定的 *encoding* 来解码并使用由 *errors* 定义的错误处理方式。 两者均可为 ``NULL`` 即让接口使用默认值（请参阅 " +":ref:`builtincodecs` 了解详情）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:611 +msgid "" +"All other objects, including Unicode objects, cause a :exc:`TypeError` to be" +" set." +msgstr "所有其他对象，包括 Unicode 对象，都将导致设置 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:614 +msgid "" +"The API returns ``NULL`` if there was an error. The caller is responsible " +"for decref'ing the returned objects." +msgstr "如有错误该 API 将返回 ``NULL``。 调用方要负责递减指向所返回对象的引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:620 +msgid "" +"Return the name of the default string encoding, ``\"utf-8\"``. See " +":func:`sys.getdefaultencoding`." +msgstr "返回默认字符编码格式名称，即 ``\"utf-8\"``。 参见 :func:`sys.getdefaultencoding`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:623 +msgid "" +"The returned string does not need to be freed, and is valid until " +"interpreter shutdown." +msgstr "返回的字符串不需要被释放，并将保持可用直到解释器关闭。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:629 +msgid "Return the length of the Unicode object, in code points." +msgstr "返回 Unicode 对象码位的长度。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:631 +msgid "On error, set an exception and return ``-1``." +msgstr "发生错误时，将设置异常并返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:642 +msgid "" +"Copy characters from one Unicode object into another. This function " +"performs character conversion when necessary and falls back to " +":c:func:`!memcpy` if possible. Returns ``-1`` and sets an exception on " +"error, otherwise returns the number of copied characters." +msgstr "" +"将一个 Unicode 对象中的字符拷贝到另一个对象中。 此函数会在必要时执行字符转换并会在可能的情况下回退到 :c:func:`!memcpy`。 " +"在出错时将返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常，在其他情况下将返回拷贝的字符数量。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Fill a string with a character: write *fill_char* into " +"``unicode[start:start+length]``." +msgstr "使用一个字符填充字符串：将 *fill_char* 写入 ``unicode[start:start+length]``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:656 +msgid "" +"Fail if *fill_char* is bigger than the string maximum character, or if the " +"string has more than 1 reference." +msgstr "如果 *fill_char* 值大于字符串最大字符值，或者如果字符串有 1 以上的引用将执行失败。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:659 +msgid "" +"Return the number of written character, or return ``-1`` and raise an " +"exception on error." +msgstr "返回写入的字符数量，或者在出错时返回 ``-1`` 并引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:668 +msgid "" +"Write a character to a string. The string must have been created through " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_New`. Since Unicode strings are supposed to be " +"immutable, the string must not be shared, or have been hashed yet." +msgstr "" +"将一个字符写入到字符串。 字符串必须通过 :c:func:`PyUnicode_New` 创建。 由于 Unicode " +"字符串应当是不可变的，因此该字符串不能被共享，或是被哈希。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:672 +msgid "" +"This function checks that *unicode* is a Unicode object, that the index is " +"not out of bounds, and that the object can be modified safely (i.e. that it " +"its reference count is one)." +msgstr "该函数将检查 *unicode* 是否为 Unicode 对象，索引是否未越界，并且对象是否可被安全地修改（即其引用计数为一）。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:676 +msgid "Return ``0`` on success, ``-1`` on error with an exception set." +msgstr "成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:683 +msgid "" +"Read a character from a string. This function checks that *unicode* is a " +"Unicode object and the index is not out of bounds, in contrast to " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_READ_CHAR`, which performs no error checking." +msgstr "" +"从字符串读取一个字符。 该函数将检查 *unicode* 是否为 Unicode 对象且索引是否未越界，这不同于 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_READ_CHAR`，后者不会执行任何错误检查。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:687 +msgid "Return character on success, ``-1`` on error with an exception set." +msgstr "成功时返回字符，出错时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Return a substring of *unicode*, from character index *start* (included) to " +"character index *end* (excluded). Negative indices are not supported. On " +"error, set an exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *unicode* 的一个子串，从字符索引 *start* (含) 到字符索引 *end* (不含)。 不支持负索引号。 " +"出错时，将设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:705 +msgid "" +"Copy the string *unicode* into a UCS4 buffer, including a null character, if" +" *copy_null* is set. Returns ``NULL`` and sets an exception on error (in " +"particular, a :exc:`SystemError` if *buflen* is smaller than the length of " +"*unicode*). *buffer* is returned on success." +msgstr "" +"将字符串 *unicode* 拷贝到一个 UCS4 缓冲区，包括一个空字符，如果设置了 *copy_null* 的话。 出错时返回 ``NULL`` " +"并设置一个异常（特别是当 *buflen* 小于 *unicode* 的长度时，将设置 :exc:`SystemError` 异常）。 成功时返回 " +"*buffer*。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:715 +msgid "" +"Copy the string *unicode* into a new UCS4 buffer that is allocated using " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`. If this fails, ``NULL`` is returned with a " +":exc:`MemoryError` set. The returned buffer always has an extra null code " +"point appended." +msgstr "" +"将字符串 *unicode* 拷贝到使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 分配的新 UCS4 缓冲区。 如果执行失败，将返回 " +"``NULL`` 并设置 :exc:`MemoryError`。 返回的缓冲区将总是会添加一个额外的空码位。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:724 +msgid "Locale Encoding" +msgstr "语言区域编码格式" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:726 +msgid "" +"The current locale encoding can be used to decode text from the operating " +"system." +msgstr "当前语言区域编码格式可被用来解码来自操作系统的文本。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:733 +msgid "" +"Decode a string from UTF-8 on Android and VxWorks, or from the current " +"locale encoding on other platforms. The supported error handlers are " +"``\"strict\"`` and ``\"surrogateescape\"`` (:pep:`383`). The decoder uses " +"``\"strict\"`` error handler if *errors* is ``NULL``. *str* must end with a" +" null character but cannot contain embedded null characters." +msgstr "" +"解码字符串在 Android 和 VxWorks 上使用 UTF-8，在其他平台上则使用当前语言区域编码格式。 支持的错误处理器有 " +"``\"strict\"`` 和 ``\"surrogateescape\"`` (:pep:`383`)。 如果 *errors* 为 " +"``NULL`` 则解码器将使用 ``\"strict\"`` 错误处理器。 *str* 必须以一个空字符结束但不可包含嵌入的空字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:740 +msgid "" +"Use :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize` to decode a string from the " +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize` 以 :term:`filesystem encoding " +"and error handler` 来解码字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:743 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:778 +msgid "This function ignores the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `." +msgstr "此函数将忽略 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:747 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:863 +msgid "The :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` function." +msgstr "The :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:751 +msgid "" +"The function now also uses the current locale encoding for the " +"``surrogateescape`` error handler, except on Android. Previously, " +":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` was used for the ``surrogateescape``, and the " +"current locale encoding was used for ``strict``." +msgstr "" +"此函数现在也会为 ``surrogateescape`` 错误处理器使用当前语言区域编码格式，但在 Android 上例外。 " +"在之前版本中，:c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` 将被用于 ``surrogateescape``，而当前语言区域编码格式将被用于 " +"``strict``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:760 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize`, but compute the string " +"length using :c:func:`!strlen`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize`，但会使用 :c:func:`!strlen` 来计算字符串长度。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object to UTF-8 on Android and VxWorks, or to the current " +"locale encoding on other platforms. The supported error handlers are " +"``\"strict\"`` and ``\"surrogateescape\"`` (:pep:`383`). The encoder uses " +"``\"strict\"`` error handler if *errors* is ``NULL``. Return a " +":class:`bytes` object. *unicode* cannot contain embedded null characters." +msgstr "" +"编码 Unicode 对象在 Android 和 VxWorks 上使用 UTF-8，在其他平台上使用当前语言区域编码格式。 支持的错误处理器有 " +"``\"strict\"`` 和 ``\"surrogateescape\"`` (:pep:`383`)。 如果 *errors* 为 " +"``NULL`` 则编码器将使用 ``\"strict\"`` 错误处理器。 返回一个 :class:`bytes` 对象。 *unicode* " +"不可包含嵌入的空字符。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:775 +msgid "" +"Use :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault` to encode a string to the " +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault` 将字符串编码为 :term:`filesystem encoding " +"and error handler`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:782 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:894 +msgid "The :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` function." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` 函数。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:786 +msgid "" +"The function now also uses the current locale encoding for the " +"``surrogateescape`` error handler, except on Android. Previously, " +":c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` was used for the ``surrogateescape``, and the " +"current locale encoding was used for ``strict``." +msgstr "" +"此函数现在也会为 ``surrogateescape`` 错误处理器使用当前语言区域编码格式，但在 Android 上例外。 " +"在之前版本中，:c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` 将被用于 ``surrogateescape``，而当前语言区域编码格式将被用于 " +"``strict``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:795 +msgid "File System Encoding" +msgstr "文件系统编码格式" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:797 +msgid "" +"Functions encoding to and decoding from the :term:`filesystem encoding and " +"error handler` (:pep:`383` and :pep:`529`)." +msgstr "" +"使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 的编码和解码函数 (:pep:`383` 和 " +":pep:`529`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:800 +msgid "" +"To encode file names to :class:`bytes` during argument parsing, the " +"``\"O&\"`` converter should be used, passing " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FSConverter` as the conversion function:" +msgstr "" +"要在参数解析期间将文件名编码为 :class:`bytes`，应当使用 ``\"O&\"`` 转换器，传入 " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FSConverter` 作为转换函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:806 +msgid "" +":ref:`PyArg_Parse\\* converter `: encode :class:`str` objects " +"-- obtained directly or through the :class:`os.PathLike` interface -- to " +":class:`bytes` using :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault`; :class:`bytes` " +"objects are output as-is. *result* must be an address of a C variable of " +"type :c:expr:`PyObject*` (or :c:expr:`PyBytesObject*`). On success, set the " +"variable to a new :term:`strong reference` to a :ref:`bytes object " +"` which must be released when it is no longer used and return " +"a non-zero value (:c:macro:`Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED`). Embedded null bytes are " +"not allowed in the result. On failure, return ``0`` with an exception set." +msgstr "" +":ref:`PyArg_Parse\\* 转换器 `: 使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault` 编码 :class:`str` 对象 -- 直接获取或通过 " +":class:`os.PathLike` 接口 -- 为 :class:`bytes`; :class:`bytes` 对象将被原样输出。 " +"*result* 必须是一个类型为 :c:expr:`PyObject*` (或 :c:expr:`PyBytesObject*`) 的 C " +"变量的地址。 执行成功时，将把该变量设为指向一个 :ref:`字节串对象 ` 的新的 :term:`strong " +"reference`，它必须在其不再使用时被释放并返回一个非零值 (:c:macro:`Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED`)。 " +"结果中不允许嵌入空字节。 执行失败时，将返回 ``0`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:818 +msgid "" +"If *obj* is ``NULL``, the function releases a strong reference stored in the" +" variable referred by *result* and returns ``1``." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 为 ``NULL``，该函数将释放存放在 *result* 所引用的变量中的强引用并返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:823 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:850 +msgid "Accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:826 +msgid "" +"To decode file names to :class:`str` during argument parsing, the ``\"O&\"``" +" converter should be used, passing :c:func:`!PyUnicode_FSDecoder` as the " +"conversion function:" +msgstr "" +"要在参数解析期间将文件名解码为 :class:`str`，应当使用 ``\"O&\"`` 转换器，传入 " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FSDecoder` 作为转换函数：" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:832 +msgid "" +":ref:`PyArg_Parse\\* converter `: decode :class:`bytes` objects" +" -- obtained either directly or indirectly through the :class:`os.PathLike` " +"interface -- to :class:`str` using " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize`; :class:`str` objects are output " +"as-is. *result* must be an address of a C variable of type " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` (or :c:expr:`PyUnicodeObject*`). On success, set the " +"variable to a new :term:`strong reference` to a :ref:`Unicode object " +"` which must be released when it is no longer used and " +"return a non-zero value (:c:macro:`Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED`). Embedded null " +"characters are not allowed in the result. On failure, return ``0`` with an " +"exception set." +msgstr "" +":ref:`PyArg_Parse\\* 转换器 `: 使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize` 解码 :class:`bytes` 对象 -- 直接获取或通过 " +":class:`os.PathLike` 接口 -- 为 :class:`str`; :class:`str` 对象将被原样输出。 *result* " +"必须是一个类型为 :c:expr:`PyObject*` (或 :c:expr:`PyUnicodeObject*`) 的 C 变量的地址。 " +"执行成功时，将把该变量设为指向一个 :ref:`Unicode 对象 ` 的新的 :term:`strong " +"reference`，它必须在其不再使用时被释放并返回一个非零值 (:c:macro:`Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED`)。 " +"结果中不允许嵌入空字节。 执行失败时，将返回 ``0`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:845 +msgid "" +"If *obj* is ``NULL``, release the strong reference to the object referred to" +" by *result* and return ``1``." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 为 ``NULL``，则释放指向 *result* 所引用的对象的强引用并返回 ``1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Decode a string from the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 解码字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:858 +msgid "" +"If you need to decode a string from the current locale encoding, use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize`." +msgstr "如果你需要以当前语言区域编码格式解码字符串，请使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:865 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:878 +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:898 +msgid "" +"The :term:`filesystem error handler `" +" is now used." +msgstr "现在将使用 :term:`文件系统编码格式和错误处理器 `。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:872 +msgid "" +"Decode a null-terminated string from the :term:`filesystem encoding and " +"error handler`." +msgstr "使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 解码以空值结尾的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:875 +msgid "" +"If the string length is known, use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize`." +msgstr "如果字符串长度已知，则使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:885 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object to the :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler`, and return :class:`bytes`. Note that the resulting :class:`bytes` " +"object can contain null bytes." +msgstr "" +"使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 编码一个 Unicode 对象，并返回 " +":class:`bytes`。 请注意结果 :class:`bytes` 对象可以包含空字节。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:889 +msgid "" +"If you need to encode a string to the current locale encoding, use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale`." +msgstr "如果你需要以当前语言区域编码格式编码字符串，请使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:903 +msgid "wchar_t Support" +msgstr "wchar_t 支持" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:905 +msgid ":c:type:`wchar_t` support for platforms which support it:" +msgstr "在受支持的平台上支持 :c:type:`wchar_t`:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:909 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object from the :c:type:`wchar_t` buffer *wstr* of the " +"given *size*. Passing ``-1`` as the *size* indicates that the function must " +"itself compute the length, using :c:func:`!wcslen`. Return ``NULL`` on " +"failure." +msgstr "" +"根据给定的 *size* 的 :c:type:`wchar_t` 缓冲区 *wstr* 创建一个 Unicode 对象。 传入 ``-1`` 作为 " +"*size* 表示该函数必须使用 :c:func:`!wcslen` 自动计算缓冲区长度。 失败时将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:917 +msgid "" +"Copy the Unicode object contents into the :c:type:`wchar_t` buffer *wstr*. " +"At most *size* :c:type:`wchar_t` characters are copied (excluding a possibly" +" trailing null termination character). Return the number of " +":c:type:`wchar_t` characters copied or ``-1`` in case of an error." +msgstr "" +"将 Unicode 对象的内容拷贝到 :c:type:`wchar_t` 缓冲区 *wstr* 中。 至多拷贝 *size* 个 " +":c:type:`wchar_t` 字符（不包括可能存在的末尾空结束字符）。 返回拷贝的 :c:type:`wchar_t` 字符数或在出错时返回 " +"``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:922 +msgid "" +"When *wstr* is ``NULL``, instead return the *size* that would be required to" +" store all of *unicode* including a terminating null." +msgstr "当 *wstr* 为 ``NULL`` 时，则改为返回存储包括结束空值在内的所有 *unicode* 内容所需的 *size*。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:925 +msgid "" +"Note that the resulting :c:expr:`wchar_t*` string may or may not be null-" +"terminated. It is the responsibility of the caller to make sure that the " +":c:expr:`wchar_t*` string is null-terminated in case this is required by the" +" application. Also, note that the :c:expr:`wchar_t*` string might contain " +"null characters, which would cause the string to be truncated when used with" +" most C functions." +msgstr "" +"请注意结果 :c:expr:`wchar_t*` 字符串可能是以空值结束也可能不是。 调用方要负责确保 :c:expr:`wchar_t*` " +"字符串以空值结束以防应用有此要求。 此外，请注意 :c:expr:`wchar_t*` 字符串有可能包含空字符，这将导致字符串在与大多数 C " +"函数一起使用时被截断。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Convert the Unicode object to a wide character string. The output string " +"always ends with a null character. If *size* is not ``NULL``, write the " +"number of wide characters (excluding the trailing null termination " +"character) into *\\*size*. Note that the resulting :c:type:`wchar_t` string " +"might contain null characters, which would cause the string to be truncated " +"when used with most C functions. If *size* is ``NULL`` and the " +":c:expr:`wchar_t*` string contains null characters a :exc:`ValueError` is " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"将 Unicode 对象转换为宽字符串。 输出字符串将总是以空字符结尾。 如果 *size* 不为 " +"``NULL``，则会将宽字符的数量（不包括结尾空字符）写入到 *\\*size* 中。 请注意结果 :c:type:`wchar_t` " +"字符串可能包含空字符，这将导致在大多数 C 函数中使用时字符串被截断。 如果 *size* 为 ``NULL`` 并且 " +":c:expr:`wchar_t*` 字符串包含空字符则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:943 +msgid "" +"Returns a buffer allocated by :c:macro:`PyMem_New` (use :c:func:`PyMem_Free`" +" to free it) on success. On error, returns ``NULL`` and *\\*size* is " +"undefined. Raises a :exc:`MemoryError` if memory allocation is failed." +msgstr "" +"成功时返回由 :c:macro:`PyMem_New` 分配的缓冲区（使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 来释放它）。 发生错误时，则返回 " +"``NULL`` 并且 *\\*size* 将是未定义的。 如果内存分配失败则会引发 :exc:`MemoryError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:950 +msgid "" +"Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if *size* is ``NULL`` and the :c:expr:`wchar_t*` " +"string contains null characters." +msgstr "" +"如果 *size* 为 ``NULL`` 且 :c:expr:`wchar_t*` 字符串包含空字符则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:958 +msgid "Built-in Codecs" +msgstr "内置编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:960 +msgid "" +"Python provides a set of built-in codecs which are written in C for speed. " +"All of these codecs are directly usable via the following functions." +msgstr "Python 提供了一组以 C 编写以保证运行速度的内置编解码器。 所有这些编解码器均可通过下列函数直接使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:963 +msgid "" +"Many of the following APIs take two arguments encoding and errors, and they " +"have the same semantics as the ones of the built-in :func:`str` string " +"object constructor." +msgstr "" +"下列 API 大都接受 encoding 和 errors 两个参数，它们具有与在内置 :func:`str` 字符串对象构造器中同名参数相同的语义。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:967 +msgid "" +"Setting encoding to ``NULL`` causes the default encoding to be used which is" +" UTF-8. The file system calls should use :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` " +"for encoding file names. This uses the :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler` internally." +msgstr "" +"将 encoding 设为 ``NULL`` 将使用默认编码格式即 UTF-8。 文件系统调用应当使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` 来编码文件名。 这将在内部使用 :term:`filesystem encoding " +"and error handler`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:972 +msgid "" +"Error handling is set by errors which may also be set to ``NULL`` meaning to" +" use the default handling defined for the codec. Default error handling for" +" all built-in codecs is \"strict\" (:exc:`ValueError` is raised)." +msgstr "" +"错误处理方式由 errors 设置并且也可以设为 ``NULL`` 表示使用为编解码器定义的默认处理方式。 所有内置编解码器的默认错误处理方式是 " +"\"strict\" (会引发 :exc:`ValueError`)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:976 +msgid "" +"The codecs all use a similar interface. Only deviations from the following " +"generic ones are documented for simplicity." +msgstr "编解码器都使用类似的接口。 为了保持简单只有与下列泛型编解码器的差异才会记录在文档中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:981 +msgid "Generic Codecs" +msgstr "泛型编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:983 +msgid "These are the generic codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是泛型编解码器的 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the encoded string " +"*str*. *encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as the parameters of " +"the same name in the :func:`str` built-in function. The codec to be used is" +" looked up using the Python codec registry. Return ``NULL`` if an exception" +" was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码已编码字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 *encoding* 和 *errors* 具有与 " +":func:`str` 内置函数中同名形参相同的含义。 要使用的编解码将使用 Python 编解码器注册表来查找。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:999 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object and return the result as Python bytes object. " +"*encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as the parameters of the same " +"name in the Unicode :meth:`~str.encode` method. The codec to be used is " +"looked up using the Python codec registry. Return ``NULL`` if an exception " +"was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"编码一个 Unicode 对象并将结果作为 Python 字节串对象返回。 *encoding* 和 *errors* 具有与 Unicode " +":meth:`~str.encode` 方法中同名形参相同的含义。 要使用的编解码器将使用 Python 编解码器注册表来查找。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1007 +msgid "UTF-8 Codecs" +msgstr "UTF-8 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1009 +msgid "These are the UTF-8 codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是 UTF-8 编解码器 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the UTF-8 encoded string" +" *str*. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码 UTF-8 编码的字节串 *str* 的的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1021 +msgid "" +"If *consumed* is ``NULL``, behave like :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8`. If " +"*consumed* is not ``NULL``, trailing incomplete UTF-8 byte sequences will " +"not be treated as an error. Those bytes will not be decoded and the number " +"of bytes that have been decoded will be stored in *consumed*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *consumed* 为 ``NULL``，则行为类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8`。 如果 " +"*consumed* 不为 ``NULL``，则末尾的不完整 UTF-8 字节序列将不被视为错误。 这些字节将不会被解码并且已被解码的字节数将存储在 " +"*consumed* 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object using UTF-8 and return the result as Python bytes " +"object. Error handling is \"strict\". Return ``NULL`` if an exception was " +"raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"使用 UTF-8 编码 Unicode 对象并将结果作为 Python 字节串对象返回。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1033 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"The function fails if the string contains surrogate code points (``U+D800`` " +"- ``U+DFFF``)." +msgstr "如果字符串包含代理码位 (``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``) 则该函数的执行将失败。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"Return a pointer to the UTF-8 encoding of the Unicode object, and store the " +"size of the encoded representation (in bytes) in *size*. The *size* " +"argument can be ``NULL``; in this case no size will be stored. The returned" +" buffer always has an extra null byte appended (not included in *size*), " +"regardless of whether there are any other null code points." +msgstr "" +"返回一个指向 Unicode 对象的 UTF-8 编码格式数据的指针，并将已编码数据的大小（以字节为单位）存储在 *size* 中。 *size* " +"参数可以为 ``NULL``；在此情况下数据的大小将不会被存储。 返回的缓冲区总是会添加一个额外的空字节（不包括在 *size* " +"中），无论是否存在任何其他的空码位。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1045 +msgid "" +"On error, set an exception, set *size* to ``-1`` (if it's not NULL) and " +"return ``NULL``." +msgstr "发生错误时，设置一个异常，将 *size* 设为 ``-1`` (如果不为 NULL) 并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"This caches the UTF-8 representation of the string in the Unicode object, " +"and subsequent calls will return a pointer to the same buffer. The caller " +"is not responsible for deallocating the buffer. The buffer is deallocated " +"and pointers to it become invalid when the Unicode object is garbage " +"collected." +msgstr "" +"这将缓存 Unicode 对象中字符串的 UTF-8 表示形式，并且后续调用将返回指向同一缓存区的指针。 调用方不必负责释放该缓冲区。 缓冲区会在 " +"Unicode 对象被作为垃圾回收时被释放并使指向它的指针失效。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1058 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1080 +msgid "The return type is now ``const char *`` rather of ``char *``." +msgstr "返回类型现在是 ``const char *`` 而不是 ``char *``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1061 +msgid "This function is a part of the :ref:`limited API `." +msgstr "此函数是 :ref:`受限 API ` 的组成部分。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1067 +msgid "As :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize`, but does not store the size." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize`，但不会存储大小值。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"This function does not have any special behavior for `null characters " +"`_ embedded within *unicode*. " +"As a result, strings containing null characters will remain in the returned " +"string, which some C functions might interpret as the end of the string, " +"leading to truncation. If truncation is an issue, it is recommended to use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` instead." +msgstr "" +"此函数没有任何针对嵌入 *unicode* 内部的 `空字符 " +"`_ 的特殊行为。 " +"因此，字符串中包含的空字符将保留在返回的字符串中，这在某些 C 函数中可能会被解读为字符串的结束，导致其被截断。 如果截断会带来问题，建议改用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1085 +msgid "UTF-32 Codecs" +msgstr "UTF-32 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1087 +msgid "These are the UTF-32 codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是 UTF-32 编解码器 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"Decode *size* bytes from a UTF-32 encoded buffer string and return the " +"corresponding Unicode object. *errors* (if non-``NULL``) defines the error " +"handling. It defaults to \"strict\"." +msgstr "" +"从 UTF-32 编码的缓冲区数据解码 *size* 个字节并返回相应的 Unicode 对象。 *errors* (如果不为 ``NULL``) " +"定义了错误处理方式。 默认为 \"strict\"。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1097 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"If *byteorder* is non-``NULL``, the decoder starts decoding using the given " +"byte order::" +msgstr "如果 *byteorder* 不为 ``NULL``，解码器将使用给定的字节序进行解码::" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1100 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"*byteorder == -1: little endian\n" +"*byteorder == 0: native order\n" +"*byteorder == 1: big endian" +msgstr "" +"*byteorder == -1: little endian\n" +"*byteorder == 0: native order\n" +"*byteorder == 1: big endian" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"If ``*byteorder`` is zero, and the first four bytes of the input data are a " +"byte order mark (BOM), the decoder switches to this byte order and the BOM " +"is not copied into the resulting Unicode string. If ``*byteorder`` is " +"``-1`` or ``1``, any byte order mark is copied to the output." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``*byteorder`` 为零，且输入数据的前四个字节为字节序标记 (BOM)，则解码器将切换为该字节序并且 BOM 将不会被拷贝到结果 " +"Unicode 字符串中。 如果 ``*byteorder`` 为 ``-1`` 或 ``1``，则字节序标记会被拷贝到输出中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"After completion, *\\*byteorder* is set to the current byte order at the end" +" of input data." +msgstr "在完成后，*\\*byteorder* 将在输入数据的末尾被设为当前字节序。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1112 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1163 +msgid "If *byteorder* is ``NULL``, the codec starts in native order mode." +msgstr "如果 *byteorder* 为 ``NULL``，编解码器将使用本机字节序。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1114 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1165 +msgid "Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"If *consumed* is ``NULL``, behave like :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32`. If " +"*consumed* is not ``NULL``, :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32Stateful` will not" +" treat trailing incomplete UTF-32 byte sequences (such as a number of bytes " +"not divisible by four) as an error. Those bytes will not be decoded and the " +"number of bytes that have been decoded will be stored in *consumed*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *consumed* 为 ``NULL``，则行为类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32`。 如果 " +"*consumed* 不为 ``NULL``，则 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32Stateful` 将不把末尾的不完整 " +"UTF-32 字节序列（如字节数不可被四整除）视为错误。 这些字节将不会被解码并且已被解码的字节数将存储在 *consumed* 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1129 +msgid "" +"Return a Python byte string using the UTF-32 encoding in native byte order. " +"The string always starts with a BOM mark. Error handling is \"strict\". " +"Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"返回使用 UTF-32 编码格式本机字节序的 Python 字节串。 字节串将总是以 BOM 标记打头。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1135 +msgid "UTF-16 Codecs" +msgstr "UTF-16 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1137 +msgid "These are the UTF-16 codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是 UTF-16 编解码器的 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"Decode *size* bytes from a UTF-16 encoded buffer string and return the " +"corresponding Unicode object. *errors* (if non-``NULL``) defines the error " +"handling. It defaults to \"strict\"." +msgstr "" +"从 UTF-16 编码的缓冲区数据解码 *size* 个字节并返回相应的 Unicode 对象。 *errors* (如果不为 ``NULL``) " +"定义了错误处理方式。 默认为 \"strict\"。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"If ``*byteorder`` is zero, and the first two bytes of the input data are a " +"byte order mark (BOM), the decoder switches to this byte order and the BOM " +"is not copied into the resulting Unicode string. If ``*byteorder`` is " +"``-1`` or ``1``, any byte order mark is copied to the output (where it will " +"result in either a ``\\ufeff`` or a ``\\ufffe`` character)." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``*byteorder`` 为零，且输入数据的前两个字节为字节序标记 (BOM)，则解码器将切换为该字节序并且 BOM 将不会被拷贝到结果 " +"Unicode 字符串中。 如果 ``*byteorder`` 为 ``-1`` 或 ``1``，则字节序标记会被拷贝到输出中 (它将是一个 " +"``\\ufeff`` 或 ``\\ufffe`` 字符)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1160 +msgid "" +"After completion, ``*byteorder`` is set to the current byte order at the end" +" of input data." +msgstr "在完成后，``*byteorder`` 将在输入数据的末尾被设为当前字节序。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"If *consumed* is ``NULL``, behave like :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16`. If " +"*consumed* is not ``NULL``, :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful` will not" +" treat trailing incomplete UTF-16 byte sequences (such as an odd number of " +"bytes or a split surrogate pair) as an error. Those bytes will not be " +"decoded and the number of bytes that have been decoded will be stored in " +"*consumed*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *consumed* 为 ``NULL``，则行为类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16`。 如果 " +"*consumed* 不为 ``NULL``，则 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful` 将不把末尾的不完整 " +"UTF-16 字节序列（如为奇数个字节或为分开的替代对）视为错误。 这些字节将不会被解码并且已被解码的字节数将存储在 *consumed* 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"Return a Python byte string using the UTF-16 encoding in native byte order. " +"The string always starts with a BOM mark. Error handling is \"strict\". " +"Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"返回使用 UTF-16 编码格式本机字节序的 Python 字节串。 字节串将总是以 BOM 标记打头。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1186 +msgid "UTF-7 Codecs" +msgstr "UTF-7 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1188 +msgid "These are the UTF-7 codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是 UTF-7 编解码器 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1193 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the UTF-7 encoded string" +" *str*. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码 UTF-7 编码的字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1200 +msgid "" +"If *consumed* is ``NULL``, behave like :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7`. If " +"*consumed* is not ``NULL``, trailing incomplete UTF-7 base-64 sections will " +"not be treated as an error. Those bytes will not be decoded and the number " +"of bytes that have been decoded will be stored in *consumed*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *consumed* 为 ``NULL``，则行为类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7`。 如果 " +"*consumed* 不为 ``NULL``，则末尾的不完整 UTF-7 base-64 部分将不被视为错误。 " +"这些字节将不会被解码并且已被解码的字节数将存储在 *consumed* 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1207 +msgid "Unicode-Escape Codecs" +msgstr "Unicode-Escape 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1209 +msgid "These are the \"Unicode Escape\" codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是 \"Unicode Escape\" 编解码器的 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1215 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the Unicode-Escape " +"encoded string *str*. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the " +"codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码 Unicode-Escape 编码的字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回" +" ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object using Unicode-Escape and return the result as a " +"bytes object. Error handling is \"strict\". Return ``NULL`` if an " +"exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"使用 Unicode-Escape 编码 Unicode 对象并将结果作为字节串对象返回。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1227 +msgid "Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs" +msgstr "Raw-Unicode-Escape 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1229 +msgid "These are the \"Raw Unicode Escape\" codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是 \"Raw Unicode Escape\" 编解码器的 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1235 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the Raw-Unicode-Escape " +"encoded string *str*. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the " +"codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码 Raw-Unicode-Escape 编码的字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object using Raw-Unicode-Escape and return the result as a " +"bytes object. Error handling is \"strict\". Return ``NULL`` if an " +"exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"使用 Raw-Unicode-Escape 编码 Unicode 对象并将结果作为字节串对象返回。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1247 +msgid "Latin-1 Codecs" +msgstr "Latin-1 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1249 +msgid "" +"These are the Latin-1 codec APIs: Latin-1 corresponds to the first 256 " +"Unicode ordinals and only these are accepted by the codecs during encoding." +msgstr "以下是 Latin-1 编解码器的 API: Latin-1 对应于前 256 个 Unicode 码位且编码器在编码期间只接受这些码位。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1255 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the Latin-1 encoded " +"string *str*. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码 Latin-1 编码的字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object using Latin-1 and return the result as Python bytes " +"object. Error handling is \"strict\". Return ``NULL`` if an exception was " +"raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"使用 Latin-1 编码 Unicode 对象并将结果作为 Python 字节串对象返回。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1267 +msgid "ASCII Codecs" +msgstr "ASCII 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1269 +msgid "" +"These are the ASCII codec APIs. Only 7-bit ASCII data is accepted. All " +"other codes generate errors." +msgstr "以下是 ASCII 编解码器的 API。 只接受 7 位 ASCII 数据。 任何其他编码的数据都将导致错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the ASCII encoded string" +" *str*. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码 ASCII 编码的字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1281 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object using ASCII and return the result as Python bytes " +"object. Error handling is \"strict\". Return ``NULL`` if an exception was " +"raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"使用 ASCII 编码 Unicode 对象并将结果作为 Python 字节串对象返回。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1287 +msgid "Character Map Codecs" +msgstr "字符映射编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1289 +msgid "" +"This codec is special in that it can be used to implement many different " +"codecs (and this is in fact what was done to obtain most of the standard " +"codecs included in the :mod:`!encodings` package). The codec uses mappings " +"to encode and decode characters. The mapping objects provided must support " +"the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` mapping interface; dictionaries and " +"sequences work well." +msgstr "" +"此编解码器的特殊之处在于它可被用来实现许多不同的编解码器（而且这实际上就是包括在 :mod:`!encodings` " +"包中的大部分标准编解码器的实现方式）。 此编解码器使用映射来编码和解码字符。 所提供的映射对象必须支持 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 映射接口；字典和序列均可胜任。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1295 +msgid "These are the mapping codec APIs:" +msgstr "以下是映射编解码器的 API:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1300 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the encoded string *str*" +" using the given *mapping* object. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was " +"raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"通过使用给定的 *mapping* 对象解码已编码字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1304 +msgid "" +"If *mapping* is ``NULL``, Latin-1 decoding will be applied. Else *mapping* " +"must map bytes ordinals (integers in the range from 0 to 255) to Unicode " +"strings, integers (which are then interpreted as Unicode ordinals) or " +"``None``. Unmapped data bytes -- ones which cause a :exc:`LookupError`, as " +"well as ones which get mapped to ``None``, ``0xFFFE`` or ``'\\ufffe'``, are " +"treated as undefined mappings and cause an error." +msgstr "" +"如果 *mapping* 为 ``NULL``，则将应用 Latin-1 编码格式。 否则 *mapping* 必须为字节码位值（0 至 255 " +"范围内的整数）到 Unicode 字符串的映射、整数（将被解读为 Unicode 码位）或 ``None``。 未映射的数据字节 -- 这样的数据将导致" +" :exc:`LookupError`，以及被映射到 ``None`` 的数据，``0xFFFE`` 或 " +"``'\\ufffe'``，将被视为未定义的映射并导致报错。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1315 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object using the given *mapping* object and return the " +"result as a bytes object. Error handling is \"strict\". Return ``NULL`` if" +" an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"使用给定的 *mapping* 对象编码 Unicode 对象并将结果作为字节串对象返回。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"The *mapping* object must map Unicode ordinal integers to bytes objects, " +"integers in the range from 0 to 255 or ``None``. Unmapped character " +"ordinals (ones which cause a :exc:`LookupError`) as well as mapped to " +"``None`` are treated as \"undefined mapping\" and cause an error." +msgstr "" +"*mapping* 对象必须将整数 Unicode 码位映射到字节串对象、0 至 255 范围内的整数或 ``None``。 未映射的字符码位（将导致 " +":exc:`LookupError` 的数据）以及映射到 ``None`` 的数据将被视为“未定义的映射”并导致报错。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1325 +msgid "The following codec API is special in that maps Unicode to Unicode." +msgstr "以下特殊的编解码器 API 会将 Unicode 映射至 Unicode。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1329 +msgid "" +"Translate a string by applying a character mapping table to it and return " +"the resulting Unicode object. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by " +"the codec." +msgstr "通过应用字符映射表来转写字符串并返回结果 Unicode 对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"The mapping table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode ordinal " +"integers or ``None`` (causing deletion of the character)." +msgstr "字符映射表必须将整数 Unicode 码位映射到整数 Unicode 码位或 ``None`` (这将删除相应的字符)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"Mapping tables need only provide the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` interface; " +"dictionaries and sequences work well. Unmapped character ordinals (ones " +"which cause a :exc:`LookupError`) are left untouched and are copied as-is." +msgstr "" +"映射表只需提供 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 接口；字典和序列均可胜任。 未映射的字符码位（将导致 " +":exc:`LookupError` 的数据）将保持不变并被原样拷贝。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"*errors* has the usual meaning for codecs. It may be ``NULL`` which " +"indicates to use the default error handling." +msgstr "*errors* 具有用于编解码器的通常含义。 它可以为 ``NULL`` 表示使用默认的错误处理方式。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1345 +msgid "MBCS codecs for Windows" +msgstr "Windows 中的 MBCS 编解码器" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"These are the MBCS codec APIs. They are currently only available on Windows " +"and use the Win32 MBCS converters to implement the conversions. Note that " +"MBCS (or DBCS) is a class of encodings, not just one. The target encoding " +"is defined by the user settings on the machine running the codec." +msgstr "" +"以下是 MBCS 编解码器的 API。 目前它们仅在 Windows 中可用并使用 Win32 MBCS 转换器来实现转换。 请注意 MBCS（或 " +"DBCS）是一类编码格式，而非只有一个。 目标编码格式是由运行编解码器的机器上的用户设置定义的。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1354 +msgid "" +"Create a Unicode object by decoding *size* bytes of the MBCS encoded string " +"*str*. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"通过解码 MBCS 编码的字节串 *str* 的 *size* 个字节创建一个 Unicode 对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1361 +msgid "" +"If *consumed* is ``NULL``, behave like :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS`. If " +"*consumed* is not ``NULL``, :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeMBCSStateful` will not " +"decode trailing lead byte and the number of bytes that have been decoded " +"will be stored in *consumed*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *consumed* 为 ``NULL``，则行为类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS`。 如果 " +"*consumed* 不为 ``NULL``，则 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeMBCSStateful` " +"将不会解码末尾的不完整字节并且已被解码的字节数将存储在 *consumed* 中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeMBCSStateful`, except uses the code page" +" specified by *code_page*." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeMBCSStateful`，区别在于使用由 *code_page* 所指定的代码页。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"Encode a Unicode object using MBCS and return the result as Python bytes " +"object. Error handling is \"strict\". Return ``NULL`` if an exception was " +"raised by the codec." +msgstr "" +"使用 MBCS 编码 Unicode 对象并将结果作为 Python 字节串对象返回。 错误处理方式为 \"strict\"。 " +"如果编解码器引发了异常则将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1383 +msgid "" +"Encode the Unicode object using the specified code page and return a Python " +"bytes object. Return ``NULL`` if an exception was raised by the codec. Use " +":c:macro:`!CP_ACP` code page to get the MBCS encoder." +msgstr "" +"使用指定的代码页编码 Unicode 对象并返回一个 Python 字节串对象。 如果编解码器引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。 使用 " +":c:macro:`!CP_ACP` 代码页来获取 MBCS 解码器。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1391 +msgid "Methods & Slots" +msgstr "方法和槽位" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1397 +msgid "Methods and Slot Functions" +msgstr "方法与槽位函数" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1399 +msgid "" +"The following APIs are capable of handling Unicode objects and strings on " +"input (we refer to them as strings in the descriptions) and return Unicode " +"objects or integers as appropriate." +msgstr "以下 API 可以处理输入的 Unicode 对象和字符串（在描述中我们称其为字符串）并返回适当的 Unicode 对象或整数值。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1403 +msgid "They all return ``NULL`` or ``-1`` if an exception occurs." +msgstr "如果发生异常它们都将返回 ``NULL`` 或 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1408 +msgid "Concat two strings giving a new Unicode string." +msgstr "拼接两个字符串得到一个新的 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1413 +msgid "" +"Split a string giving a list of Unicode strings. If *sep* is ``NULL``, " +"splitting will be done at all whitespace substrings. Otherwise, splits " +"occur at the given separator. At most *maxsplit* splits will be done. If " +"negative, no limit is set. Separators are not included in the resulting " +"list." +msgstr "" +"拆分一个字符串得到一个 Unicode 字符串的列表。 如果 *sep* 为 ``NULL``，则将根据空格来拆分所有子字符串。 " +"否则，将根据指定的分隔符来拆分。 最多拆分数为 *maxsplit*。 如为负值，则没有限制。 分隔符不包括在结果列表中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1418 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1428 +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1449 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1462 +msgid "On error, return ``NULL`` with an exception set." +msgstr "当失败时，将返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1420 +msgid "Equivalent to :py:meth:`str.split`." +msgstr "等价于 :py:meth:`str.split`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1425 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyUnicode_Split`, but splitting will be done beginning " +"at the end of the string." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_Split`，但拆分将从字符串末尾开始进行。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1430 +msgid "Equivalent to :py:meth:`str.rsplit`." +msgstr "等价于 :py:meth:`str.rsplit`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"Split a Unicode string at line breaks, returning a list of Unicode strings. " +"CRLF is considered to be one line break. If *keepends* is ``0``, the Line " +"break characters are not included in the resulting strings." +msgstr "" +"根据分行符来拆分 Unicode 字符串，返回一个 Unicode 字符串的列表。 CRLF 将被视为一个分行符。 如果 *keepends* 为 " +"``0``，则行分隔符将不包括在结果字符串中。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1442 +msgid "" +"Split a Unicode string at the first occurrence of *sep*, and return a " +"3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and " +"the part after the separator. If the separator is not found, return a " +"3-tuple containing the string itself, followed by two empty strings." +msgstr "" +"在 *sep* 首次出现的位置拆分 Unicode 字符串，并返回一个包含分隔符之前部分、分隔符本身，以及分隔符之后部分的 3 元组。 " +"如果分隔符未找到，则返回一个包含字符串本身，后面附带两个空字符串的 3 元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1447 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1460 +msgid "*sep* must not be empty." +msgstr "*sep* 必须不为空。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1451 +msgid "Equivalent to :py:meth:`str.partition`." +msgstr "等价于 :py:meth:`str.partition`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1456 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyUnicode_Partition`, but split a Unicode string at the " +"last occurrence of *sep*. If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple " +"containing two empty strings, followed by the string itself." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_Partition`，但会在 *sep* 最后一次出现的位置拆分 Unicode 字符串。 " +"如果分隔符未找到，则返回一个包含两个空字符串，后面附带字符串本身的 3 元组。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1464 +msgid "Equivalent to :py:meth:`str.rpartition`." +msgstr "等价于 :py:meth:`str.rpartition`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"Join a sequence of strings using the given *separator* and return the " +"resulting Unicode string." +msgstr "使用给定的 *separator* 合并一个字符串列表并返回结果 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1476 +msgid "" +"Return ``1`` if *substr* matches ``unicode[start:end]`` at the given tail " +"end (*direction* == ``-1`` means to do a prefix match, *direction* == ``1`` " +"a suffix match), ``0`` otherwise. Return ``-1`` if an error occurred." +msgstr "" +"如果 *substr* 在给定的端点 (*direction* == ``-1`` 表示前缀匹配, *direction* == ``1`` " +"表示后缀匹配) 与 ``unicode[start:end]`` 相匹配则返回 ``1``，否则返回 ``0``。 如果发生错误则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1484 +msgid "" +"Return the first position of *substr* in ``unicode[start:end]`` using the " +"given *direction* (*direction* == ``1`` means to do a forward search, " +"*direction* == ``-1`` a backward search). The return value is the index of " +"the first match; a value of ``-1`` indicates that no match was found, and " +"``-2`` indicates that an error occurred and an exception has been set." +msgstr "" +"返回使用给定的 *direction* (*direction* == ``1`` 表示前向搜索，*direction* == ``-1`` " +"表示后向搜索) 时 *substr* 在 ``unicode[start:end]`` 中首次出现的位置。 返回值为首个匹配的索引号；值为 ``-1``" +" 表示未找到匹配，``-2`` 则表示发生了错误并设置了异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1494 +msgid "" +"Return the first position of the character *ch* in ``unicode[start:end]`` " +"using the given *direction* (*direction* == ``1`` means to do a forward " +"search, *direction* == ``-1`` a backward search). The return value is the " +"index of the first match; a value of ``-1`` indicates that no match was " +"found, and ``-2`` indicates that an error occurred and an exception has been" +" set." +msgstr "" +"返回使用给定的 *direction* (*direction* == ``1`` 表示前向搜索，*direction* == ``-1`` " +"表示后向搜索) 时字符 *ch* 在 ``unicode[start:end]`` 中首次出现的位置。 返回值为首个匹配的索引号；值为 ``-1`` " +"表示未找到匹配，``-2`` 则表示发生错误并设置了异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"*start* and *end* are now adjusted to behave like ``unicode[start:end]``." +msgstr "现在 *start* 和 *end* 被调整为与 ``unicode[start:end]`` 类似的行为。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1509 +msgid "" +"Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of *substr* in " +"``unicode[start:end]``. Return ``-1`` if an error occurred." +msgstr "返回 *substr* 在 ``unicode[start:end]`` 中不重叠出现的次数。 如果发生错误则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"Replace at most *maxcount* occurrences of *substr* in *unicode* with " +"*replstr* and return the resulting Unicode object. *maxcount* == ``-1`` " +"means replace all occurrences." +msgstr "" +"将 *unicode* 中 *substr* 替换为 *replstr* 至多 *maxcount* 次并返回结果 Unicode 对象。 " +"*maxcount* == ``-1`` 表示全部替换。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"Compare two strings and return ``-1``, ``0``, ``1`` for less than, equal, " +"and greater than, respectively." +msgstr "比较两个字符串并返回 ``-1``, ``0``, ``1`` 分别表示小于、等于和大于。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1526 +msgid "" +"This function returns ``-1`` upon failure, so one should call " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for errors." +msgstr "此函数执行失败时返回 ``-1``，因此应当调用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来检查错误。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1532 +msgid "" +"Compare a Unicode object with a char buffer which is interpreted as being " +"UTF-8 or ASCII encoded and return true (``1``) if they are equal, or false " +"(``0``) otherwise. If the Unicode object contains surrogate code points " +"(``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``) or the C string is not valid UTF-8, false (``0``) " +"is returned." +msgstr "" +"将一个 Unicode 对象与一个按 UTF-8 或 ASCII 编码来解读的字符缓冲区进行比较并在两者相等时返回真值 (``1``)，否则返回假值 " +"(``0``)。 如果 Unicode 对象包含代理码位 (``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``) 或者如果 C 字符串不是有效的 UTF-8" +" 编码，则返回假值 (``0``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1539 ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1560 +msgid "This function does not raise exceptions." +msgstr "此函数不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize`, but compute *string* " +"length using :c:func:`!strlen`. If the Unicode object contains null " +"characters, false (``0``) is returned." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize`，但会使用 :c:func:`!strlen` 来计算 " +"*string* 的长度。 如果 Unicode 对象包含空字符，则返回假值 (``0``)。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"Compare a Unicode object, *unicode*, with *string* and return ``-1``, ``0``," +" ``1`` for less than, equal, and greater than, respectively. It is best to " +"pass only ASCII-encoded strings, but the function interprets the input " +"string as ISO-8859-1 if it contains non-ASCII characters." +msgstr "" +"将 Unicode 对象 *unicode* 与 *string* 进行比较并返回 ``-1``, ``0``, ``1`` 分别表示小于、等于和大于。" +" 最好只传入 ASCII 编码的字符串，但如果输入字符串包含非 ASCII 字符则此函数会将其按 ISO-8859-1 编码格式来解读。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1565 +msgid "Rich compare two Unicode strings and return one of the following:" +msgstr "对两个 Unicode 字符串执行富比较并返回以下值之一:" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1567 +msgid "``NULL`` in case an exception was raised" +msgstr "``NULL`` 用于引发了异常的情况" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1568 +msgid ":c:data:`Py_True` or :c:data:`Py_False` for successful comparisons" +msgstr ":c:data:`Py_True` 或 :c:data:`Py_False` 用于成功完成比较的情况" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1569 +msgid ":c:data:`Py_NotImplemented` in case the type combination is unknown" +msgstr ":c:data:`Py_NotImplemented` 用于类型组合未知的情况" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1571 +msgid "" +"Possible values for *op* are :c:macro:`Py_GT`, :c:macro:`Py_GE`, " +":c:macro:`Py_EQ`, :c:macro:`Py_NE`, :c:macro:`Py_LT`, and :c:macro:`Py_LE`." +msgstr "" +"可能的 *op* 值有 :c:macro:`Py_GT`, :c:macro:`Py_GE`, :c:macro:`Py_EQ`, " +":c:macro:`Py_NE`, :c:macro:`Py_LT`, 和 :c:macro:`Py_LE`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1577 +msgid "" +"Return a new string object from *format* and *args*; this is analogous to " +"``format % args``." +msgstr "根据 *format* 和 *args* 返回一个新的字符串对象；这等同于 ``format % args``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"Check whether *substr* is contained in *unicode* and return true or false " +"accordingly." +msgstr "检查 *substr* 是否包含在 *unicode* 中并相应返回真值或假值。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1586 +msgid "" +"*substr* has to coerce to a one element Unicode string. ``-1`` is returned " +"if there was an error." +msgstr "*substr* 必须强制转为一个单元素 Unicode 字符串。 如果发生错误则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"Intern the argument :c:expr:`*p_unicode` in place. The argument must be the" +" address of a pointer variable pointing to a Python Unicode string object. " +"If there is an existing interned string that is the same as " +":c:expr:`*p_unicode`, it sets :c:expr:`*p_unicode` to it (releasing the " +"reference to the old string object and creating a new :term:`strong " +"reference` to the interned string object), otherwise it leaves " +":c:expr:`*p_unicode` alone and interns it." +msgstr "" +"原地内部化参数 :c:expr:`*p_unicode`。 该参数必须是一个指向 Python Unicode 字符串对象的指针变量的地址。 " +"如果已存在与 :c:expr:`*p_unicode` 相同的内部化字符串，则将其设为 :c:expr:`*p_unicode` " +"(释放对旧字符串的引用并新建一个指向该内部化字符串对象的 :term:`strong reference`)，否则将保持 " +":c:expr:`*p_unicode` 不变并将其内部化。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1599 +msgid "" +"(Clarification: even though there is a lot of talk about references, think " +"of this function as reference-neutral. You must own the object you pass in; " +"after the call you no longer own the passed-in reference, but you newly own " +"the result.)" +msgstr "" +"（澄清说明：虽然这里大量提及了引用，但请将此函数视为引用无关的。你必须拥有你传入的对象；在调用之后你将不再拥有传入的引用，但你将新拥有结果对象。）" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1604 +msgid "" +"This function never raises an exception. On error, it leaves its argument " +"unchanged without interning it." +msgstr "此函数绝不会引发异常。 在发生错误时，它将保持其参数不变而不会将其内部化。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1607 +msgid "" +"Instances of subclasses of :py:class:`str` may not be interned, that is, " +":c:expr:`PyUnicode_CheckExact(*p_unicode)` must be true. If it is not, then " +"-- as with any other error -- the argument is left unchanged." +msgstr "" +":py:class:`str` 的子类的实例不可被内部化，也就是说，:c:expr:`PyUnicode_CheckExact(*p_unicode)`" +" 必须为真值。 如果其不为真值，那么 -- 就像发生其他错误时一样 -- 该参数将保持不变。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1611 +msgid "" +"Note that interned strings are not “immortal”. You must keep a reference to " +"the result to benefit from interning." +msgstr "请注意被内部化的字符串不是“永生的”。 你必须保留对结果的引用才能从内部化获益。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1617 +msgid "" +"A combination of :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace`, meant for statically allocated strings." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` " +"的结合，用于静态分配的字符串。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1620 +msgid "" +"Return a new (\"owned\") reference to either a new Unicode string object " +"that has been interned, or an earlier interned string object with the same " +"value." +msgstr "返回一个新的（“拥有的”）引用，它指向一个已被内部化的新 Unicode 字符串，或一个具有相同值的先前已被内部化的字符串对象。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1624 +msgid "" +"Python may keep a reference to the result, or make it :term:`immortal`, " +"preventing it from being garbage-collected promptly. For interning an " +"unbounded number of different strings, such as ones coming from user input, " +"prefer calling :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` directly." +msgstr "" +"Python 可以保留一个指向结果的引用，或是使其成为 :term:`immortal` 对象，以防止其被立即被作为垃圾回收。 " +"对于内部化未限定数量的不同字符串，例如来自用户输入的字符串，建议直接调用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromString` 和 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace`。" + +#: ../../c-api/unicode.rst:1632 +msgid "Strings interned this way are made :term:`immortal`." +msgstr "用此方式被内部化的字符串将成为 :term:`immortal` 对象。" diff --git a/c-api/utilities.po b/c-api/utilities.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3550de0de --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/utilities.po @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/utilities.rst:7 +msgid "Utilities" +msgstr "工具" + +#: ../../c-api/utilities.rst:9 +msgid "" +"The functions in this chapter perform various utility tasks, ranging from " +"helping C code be more portable across platforms, using Python modules from " +"C, and parsing function arguments and constructing Python values from C " +"values." +msgstr "" +"本章中的函数执行各种实用工具任务，包括帮助 C 代码提升跨平台可移植性，在 C 中使用 Python 模块，以及解析函数参数并根据 C 中的值构建 " +"Python 中的值等等。" diff --git a/c-api/veryhigh.po b/c-api/veryhigh.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53f8e11f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/veryhigh.po @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-24 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:8 +msgid "The Very High Level Layer" +msgstr "极高层级 API" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The functions in this chapter will let you execute Python source code given " +"in a file or a buffer, but they will not let you interact in a more detailed" +" way with the interpreter." +msgstr "本章节的函数将允许你执行在文件或缓冲区中提供的 Python 源代码，但它们将不允许你在更细节化的方式与解释器进行交互。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Several of these functions accept a start symbol from the grammar as a " +"parameter. The available start symbols are :c:data:`Py_eval_input`, " +":c:data:`Py_file_input`, and :c:data:`Py_single_input`. These are described" +" following the functions which accept them as parameters." +msgstr "" +"这些函数中有几个可以接受特定的语法前缀符号作为形参。 可用的前缀符号有 :c:data:`Py_eval_input`, " +":c:data:`Py_file_input` 和 :c:data:`Py_single_input`。 " +"这些符号会在接受它们作为形参的函数文档中加以说明。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Note also that several of these functions take :c:expr:`FILE*` parameters. " +"One particular issue which needs to be handled carefully is that the " +":c:type:`FILE` structure for different C libraries can be different and " +"incompatible. Under Windows (at least), it is possible for dynamically " +"linked extensions to actually use different libraries, so care should be " +"taken that :c:expr:`FILE*` parameters are only passed to these functions if " +"it is certain that they were created by the same library that the Python " +"runtime is using." +msgstr "" +"还要注意这些函数中有几个可以接受 :c:expr:`FILE*` 形参。 有一个需要小心处理的特别问题是针对不同 C 库的 :c:type:`FILE`" +" 结构体可能是不相同且不兼容的。 （至少是）在 Windows 中，动态链接的扩展实际上有可能会使用不同的库，所以应当特别注意只有在确定这些函数是由 " +"Python 运行时所使用的相同的库创建的情况下才将 :c:expr:`FILE*` 形参传给它们。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_AnyFileExFlags` below, " +"leaving *closeit* set to ``0`` and *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_AnyFileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *closeit* 设为 ``0`` 而将 *flags*" +" 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:36 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_AnyFileExFlags` below, " +"leaving the *closeit* argument set to ``0``." +msgstr "这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_AnyFileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *closeit* 参数设为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:42 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_AnyFileExFlags` below, " +"leaving the *flags* argument set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_AnyFileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *flags* 参数设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:48 +msgid "" +"If *fp* refers to a file associated with an interactive device (console or " +"terminal input or Unix pseudo-terminal), return the value of " +":c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoop`, otherwise return the result of " +":c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFile`. *filename* is decoded from the filesystem " +"encoding (:func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`). If *filename* is ``NULL``, " +"this function uses ``\"???\"`` as the filename. If *closeit* is true, the " +"file is closed before ``PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()`` returns." +msgstr "" +"如果 *fp* 指向一个关联到交互设备（控制台或终端输入或 Unix 伪终端）的文件，则返回 " +":c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoop` 的值，否则返回 :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFile` 的结果。 " +"*filename* 会使用文件系统的编码格式 (:func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`) 来解码。 如果 " +"*filename* 为 ``NULL``，此函数会使用 ``\"???\"`` 作为文件名。 如果 *closeit* 为真值，文件会在 " +"``PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()`` 返回之前被关闭。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:60 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleStringFlags` below, " +"leaving the :c:struct:`PyCompilerFlags`\\* argument set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleStringFlags` 的简化版接口，将 " +":c:struct:`PyCompilerFlags`\\* 参数设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Executes the Python source code from *command* in the :mod:`__main__` module" +" according to the *flags* argument. If :mod:`__main__` does not already " +"exist, it is created. Returns ``0`` on success or ``-1`` if an exception " +"was raised. If there was an error, there is no way to get the exception " +"information. For the meaning of *flags*, see below." +msgstr "" +"根据 *flags* 参数，在 :mod:`__main__` 模块中执行 Python 源代码。 如果 :mod:`__main__` " +"尚不存在，它将被创建。 成功时返回 ``0``，如果引发异常则返回 ``-1``。 如果发生错误，则将无法获得异常信息。 对于 *flags* " +"的含义，请参阅下文。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Note that if an otherwise unhandled :exc:`SystemExit` is raised, this " +"function will not return ``-1``, but exit the process, as long as " +":c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` is zero." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果引发了一个在其他场合下未处理的 :exc:`SystemExit`，此函数将不会返回 ``-1``，而是退出进程，只要 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` 为零就会这样。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:79 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags` below, " +"leaving *closeit* set to ``0`` and *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *closeit* 设为 ``0`` 而将 " +"*flags* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:85 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags` below, " +"leaving *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *flags* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleStringFlags`, but the Python source code is " +"read from *fp* instead of an in-memory string. *filename* should be the name" +" of the file, it is decoded from :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler`. If *closeit* is true, the file is closed before " +"``PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()`` returns." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleStringFlags`，但 Python 源代码是从 *fp* 读取而不是一个内存中的字符串。 " +"*filename* 应为文件名，它将使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 来解码。 如果 " +"*closeit* 为真值，则文件将在 ``PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()`` 返回之前被关闭。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:98 +msgid "" +"On Windows, *fp* should be opened as binary mode (e.g. ``fopen(filename, " +"\"rb\")``). Otherwise, Python may not handle script file with LF line ending" +" correctly." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，*fp* 应当以二进制模式打开 (即 ``fopen(filename, \"rb\")``)。 否则，Python " +"可能无法正确地处理使用 LF 行结束符的脚本文件。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:104 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags` below," +" leaving *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *flags* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Read and execute a single statement from a file associated with an " +"interactive device according to the *flags* argument. The user will be " +"prompted using ``sys.ps1`` and ``sys.ps2``. *filename* is decoded from the " +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"根据 *flags* 参数读取并执行来自与交互设备相关联的文件的一条语句。 用户将得到使用 ``sys.ps1`` 和 ``sys.ps2`` 的提示。" +" *filename* 将使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 来解码。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Returns ``0`` when the input was executed successfully, ``-1`` if there was " +"an exception, or an error code from the :file:`errcode.h` include file " +"distributed as part of Python if there was a parse error. (Note that " +":file:`errcode.h` is not included by :file:`Python.h`, so must be included " +"specifically if needed.)" +msgstr "" +"当输入被成功执行时返回 ``0``，如果引发异常则返回 ``-1``，或者如果存在解析错误则返回来自作为 Python 的组成部分发布的 " +":file:`errcode.h` 包括文件的错误代码。 （请注意 :file:`errcode.h` 并未被 :file:`Python.h` " +"所包括，因此如果需要则必须专门地包括。）" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:124 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags` " +"below, leaving *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *flags* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Read and execute statements from a file associated with an interactive " +"device until EOF is reached. The user will be prompted using ``sys.ps1`` " +"and ``sys.ps2``. *filename* is decoded from the :term:`filesystem encoding " +"and error handler`. Returns ``0`` at EOF or a negative number upon failure." +msgstr "" +"读取并执行来自与交互设备相关联的语句直至到达 EOF。 用户将得到使用 ``sys.ps1`` 和 ``sys.ps2`` 的提示。 " +"*filename* 将使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 来解码。 当位于 EOF " +"时将返回 ``0``，或者当失败时将返回一个负数。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Can be set to point to a function with the prototype ``int func(void)``. " +"The function will be called when Python's interpreter prompt is about to " +"become idle and wait for user input from the terminal. The return value is " +"ignored. Overriding this hook can be used to integrate the interpreter's " +"prompt with other event loops, as done in the :file:`Modules/_tkinter.c` in " +"the Python source code." +msgstr "" +"可以被设为指向一个原型为 ``int func(void)`` 的函数。 该函数将在Python 的解释器提示符即将空闲并等待用户从终端输入时被调用。 " +"返回值会被忽略。 重写这个钩子可被用来将解释器的提示符集成到其他事件循环中，就像 Python 码中 " +":file:`Modules/_tkinter.c` 所做的那样。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:146 ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:170 +msgid "" +"This function is only called from the :ref:`main interpreter `." +msgstr "此函数只能被 :ref:`主解释器 ` 调用。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Can be set to point to a function with the prototype ``char *func(FILE " +"*stdin, FILE *stdout, char *prompt)``, overriding the default function used " +"to read a single line of input at the interpreter's prompt. The function is" +" expected to output the string *prompt* if it's not ``NULL``, and then read " +"a line of input from the provided standard input file, returning the " +"resulting string. For example, The :mod:`readline` module sets this hook to" +" provide line-editing and tab-completion features." +msgstr "" +"可以被设为指向一个原型为 ``char *func(FILE *stdin, FILE *stdout, char *prompt)`` " +"的函数，重写被用来读取解释器提示符的一行输入的默认函数。 该函数被预期为如果字符串 *prompt* 不为 ``NULL`` " +"就输出它，然后从所提供的标准输入文件读取一行输入，并返回结果字符串。 例如，:mod:`readline` 模块将这个钩子设置为提供行编辑和 tab " +"键补全等功能。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:162 +msgid "" +"The result must be a string allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` or " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`, or ``NULL`` if an error occurred." +msgstr "" +"结果必须是一个由 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` " +"分配的字符串，或者如果发生错误则为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The result must be allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` or " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`, instead of being allocated by " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`." +msgstr "" +"结果必须由 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 分配，而不是由 " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 分配。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:176 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_StringFlags` below, leaving" +" *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_StringFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *flags* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Execute Python source code from *str* in the context specified by the " +"objects *globals* and *locals* with the compiler flags specified by *flags*." +" *globals* must be a dictionary; *locals* can be any object that implements" +" the mapping protocol. The parameter *start* specifies the start token that" +" should be used to parse the source code." +msgstr "" +"在由对象 *globals* 和 *locals* 指定的上下文中执行来自 *str* 的 Python 源代码，并使用以 *flags* " +"指定的编译器旗标。 *globals* 必须是一个字典；*locals* 可以是任何实现了映射协议的对象。 形参 *start* " +"指定了应当被用来解析源代码的起始形符。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Returns the result of executing the code as a Python object, or ``NULL`` if " +"an exception was raised." +msgstr "返回将代码作为 Python 对象执行的结果，或者如果引发了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:194 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` below, leaving" +" *closeit* set to ``0`` and *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *closeit* 设为 ``0`` 并将 *flags* 设为" +" ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:200 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` below, leaving" +" *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *flags* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:206 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` below, leaving" +" *closeit* set to ``0``." +msgstr "这是针对下面 :c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *closeit* 设为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Similar to :c:func:`PyRun_StringFlags`, but the Python source code is read " +"from *fp* instead of an in-memory string. *filename* should be the name of " +"the file, it is decoded from the :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler`. If *closeit* is true, the file is closed before " +":c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` returns." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :c:func:`PyRun_StringFlags`，但 Python 源代码是从 *fp* 读取而不是一个内存中的字符串。 " +"*filename* 应为文件名，它将使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 来解码。 如果 " +"*closeit* 为真值，则文件将在 :c:func:`PyRun_FileExFlags` 返回之前被关闭。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:221 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`Py_CompileStringFlags` below, " +"leaving *flags* set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "这是针对下面 :c:func:`Py_CompileStringFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *flags* 设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:227 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`Py_CompileStringExFlags` below, " +"with *optimize* set to ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对下面 :c:func:`Py_CompileStringExFlags` 的简化版接口，将 *optimize* 设为 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Parse and compile the Python source code in *str*, returning the resulting " +"code object. The start token is given by *start*; this can be used to " +"constrain the code which can be compiled and should be " +":c:data:`Py_eval_input`, :c:data:`Py_file_input`, or " +":c:data:`Py_single_input`. The filename specified by *filename* is used to " +"construct the code object and may appear in tracebacks or :exc:`SyntaxError`" +" exception messages. This returns ``NULL`` if the code cannot be parsed or " +"compiled." +msgstr "" +"解析并编译 *str* 中的 Python 源代码，返回结果代码对象。 开始形符由 *start* 给出；这可被用来约束可被编译的代码并且应当为 " +":c:data:`Py_eval_input`, :c:data:`Py_file_input` 或 " +":c:data:`Py_single_input`。 由 *filename* 指定的文件名会被用来构造代码对象并可能出现在回溯信息或 " +":exc:`SyntaxError` 异常消息中。 如果代码无法被解析或编译则此函数将返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:241 +msgid "" +"The integer *optimize* specifies the optimization level of the compiler; a " +"value of ``-1`` selects the optimization level of the interpreter as given " +"by :option:`-O` options. Explicit levels are ``0`` (no optimization; " +"``__debug__`` is true), ``1`` (asserts are removed, ``__debug__`` is false) " +"or ``2`` (docstrings are removed too)." +msgstr "" +"整数 *optimize* 指定编译器的优化级别；值 ``-1`` 将选择与 :option:`-O` 选项相同的解释器优化级别。 显式级别为 " +"``0`` (无优化；``__debug__`` 为真值)、``1`` (断言被移除，``__debug__`` 为假值) 或 ``2`` " +"(文档字符串也被移除)。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Like :c:func:`Py_CompileStringObject`, but *filename* is a byte string " +"decoded from the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:func:`Py_CompileStringObject` 类似，但 *filename* 是以 :term:`filesystem " +"encoding and error handler` 解码出的字节串。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:259 +msgid "" +"This is a simplified interface to :c:func:`PyEval_EvalCodeEx`, with just the" +" code object, and global and local variables. The other arguments are set " +"to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"这是针对 :c:func:`PyEval_EvalCodeEx` 的简化版接口，只附带代码对象，以及全局和局部变量。 其他参数均设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Evaluate a precompiled code object, given a particular environment for its " +"evaluation. This environment consists of a dictionary of global variables, " +"a mapping object of local variables, arrays of arguments, keywords and " +"defaults, a dictionary of default values for :ref:`keyword-only ` arguments and a closure tuple of cells." +msgstr "" +"对一个预编译的代码对象求值，为其求值给出特定的环境。 此环境由全局变量的字典，局部变量映射对象，参数、关键字和默认值的数组，:ref:`仅限关键字 " +"` 参数的默认值的字典和单元的封闭元组构成。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Evaluate an execution frame. This is a simplified interface to " +":c:func:`PyEval_EvalFrameEx`, for backward compatibility." +msgstr "对一个执行帧求值。 这是针对 :c:func:`PyEval_EvalFrameEx` 的简化版接口，用于保持向下兼容性。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:281 +msgid "" +"This is the main, unvarnished function of Python interpretation. The code " +"object associated with the execution frame *f* is executed, interpreting " +"bytecode and executing calls as needed. The additional *throwflag* " +"parameter can mostly be ignored - if true, then it causes an exception to " +"immediately be thrown; this is used for the :meth:`~generator.throw` methods" +" of generator objects." +msgstr "" +"这是 Python 解释运行不带修饰的主函数。 与执行帧 *f* 相关联的代码对象将被执行，解释字节码并根据需要执行调用。 额外的 " +"*throwflag* 形参基本可以被忽略 —— 如果为真值，则会导致立即抛出一个异常；这会被用于生成器对象的 " +":meth:`~generator.throw` 方法。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:288 +msgid "" +"This function now includes a debug assertion to help ensure that it does not" +" silently discard an active exception." +msgstr "该函数现在包含一个调试断言，用以确保不会静默地丢弃活动的异常。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:295 +msgid "" +"This function changes the flags of the current evaluation frame, and returns" +" true on success, false on failure." +msgstr "此函数会修改当前求值帧的旗标，并在成功时返回真值，失败时返回假值。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:303 +msgid "" +"The start symbol from the Python grammar for isolated expressions; for use " +"with :c:func:`Py_CompileString`." +msgstr "Python 语法中用于孤立表达式的起始符号；配合 :c:func:`Py_CompileString` 使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:311 +msgid "" +"The start symbol from the Python grammar for sequences of statements as read" +" from a file or other source; for use with :c:func:`Py_CompileString`. This" +" is the symbol to use when compiling arbitrarily long Python source code." +msgstr "" +"Python 语法中用于从文件或其他源读取语句序列的起始符号；配合 :c:func:`Py_CompileString` 使用。 这是在编译任意长的 " +"Python 源代码时要使用的符号。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:320 +msgid "" +"The start symbol from the Python grammar for a single statement; for use " +"with :c:func:`Py_CompileString`. This is the symbol used for the interactive" +" interpreter loop." +msgstr "" +"Python 语法中用于单独语句的起始符号；配合 :c:func:`Py_CompileString` 使用。 这是用于交互式解释器循环的符号。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:327 +msgid "" +"This is the structure used to hold compiler flags. In cases where code is " +"only being compiled, it is passed as ``int flags``, and in cases where code " +"is being executed, it is passed as ``PyCompilerFlags *flags``. In this " +"case, ``from __future__ import`` can modify *flags*." +msgstr "" +"这是用来存放编译器旗标的结构体。 对于代码仅被编译的情况，它将作为 ``int flags`` 传入，而对于代码要被执行的情况，它将作为 " +"``PyCompilerFlags *flags`` 传入。 在这种情况下，``from __future__ import`` 可以修改 " +"*flags*。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Whenever ``PyCompilerFlags *flags`` is ``NULL``, " +":c:member:`~PyCompilerFlags.cf_flags` is treated as equal to ``0``, and any " +"modification due to ``from __future__ import`` is discarded." +msgstr "" +"只要 ``PyCompilerFlags *flags`` 是 " +"``NULL``，:c:member:`~PyCompilerFlags.cf_flags` 就会被视为等同于 ``0``，而由于 ``from " +"__future__ import`` 而产生的任何修改都会被丢弃。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:338 +msgid "Compiler flags." +msgstr "编译器旗标。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:342 +msgid "" +"*cf_feature_version* is the minor Python version. It should be initialized " +"to ``PY_MINOR_VERSION``." +msgstr "*cf_feature_version* 是 Python 的小版本号。 它应当被初始化为 ``PY_MINOR_VERSION``。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The field is ignored by default, it is used if and only if ``PyCF_ONLY_AST``" +" flag is set in :c:member:`~PyCompilerFlags.cf_flags`." +msgstr "" +"该字段默认会被忽略，当且仅当在 :c:member:`~PyCompilerFlags.cf_flags` 中设置了 ``PyCF_ONLY_AST``" +" 旗标时它才会被使用。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:348 +msgid "Added *cf_feature_version* field." +msgstr "增加了 *cf_feature_version* 字段。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:351 +msgid "The available compiler flags are accessible as macros:" +msgstr "现有的编译器旗标可作为宏来使用：" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:360 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`compiler flags ` in documentation of the " +":py:mod:`!ast` Python module, which exports these constants under the same " +"names." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :py:mod:`!ast` Python 模块文档中的 :ref:`编译器旗标 `，它们会将这些常量以相同的名称导出。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:366 +msgid "" +"This bit can be set in *flags* to cause division operator ``/`` to be " +"interpreted as \"true division\" according to :pep:`238`." +msgstr "这个标志位可在 *flags* 中设置以使得除法运算符 ``/`` 被解读为 :pep:`238` 所规定的“真除法”。" + +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:301 ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:309 +#: ../../c-api/veryhigh.rst:318 +msgid "Py_CompileString (C function)" +msgstr "Py_CompileString (C 函数)" diff --git a/c-api/weakref.po b/c-api/weakref.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76616ca39 --- /dev/null +++ b/c-api/weakref.po @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:6 +msgid "Weak Reference Objects" +msgstr "弱引用对象" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Python supports *weak references* as first-class objects. There are two " +"specific object types which directly implement weak references. The first " +"is a simple reference object, and the second acts as a proxy for the " +"original object as much as it can." +msgstr "" +"Python 支持 “弱引用” 作为一类对象。具体来说，有两种直接实现弱引用的对象。第一种就是简单的引用对象，第二种尽可能地作用为一个原对象的代理。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if *ob* is either a reference or proxy object. This " +"function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *ob* 是一个引用或代理对象则返回非零值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if *ob* is a reference object. This function always " +"succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *ob* 是一个引用对象则返回非零值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Return non-zero if *ob* is a proxy object. This function always succeeds." +msgstr "如果 *ob* 是一个代理对象则返回非零值。 此函数总是会成功执行。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Return a weak reference object for the object *ob*. This will always return" +" a new reference, but is not guaranteed to create a new object; an existing " +"reference object may be returned. The second parameter, *callback*, can be " +"a callable object that receives notification when *ob* is garbage collected;" +" it should accept a single parameter, which will be the weak reference " +"object itself. *callback* may also be ``None`` or ``NULL``. If *ob* is not " +"a weakly referenceable object, or if *callback* is not callable, ``None``, " +"or ``NULL``, this will return ``NULL`` and raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"返回对象 *ob* 的弱引用对象。 该函数总是会返回一个新的引用，但不保证创建一个新的对象；它有可能返回一个现有的引用对象。 第二个形参 " +"*callback* 可以是一个可调用对象，它会在 *ob* 被作为垃圾回收时接收通知；它应当接受一个单独形参，即弱引用对象本身。 *callback*" +" 也可以是 ``None`` 或 ``NULL``。 如果 *ob* 不是一个弱引用对象，或者如果 *callback* 不是可调用对象, " +"``None`` 或 ``NULL``，该函数将返回 ``NULL`` 并引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Return a weak reference proxy object for the object *ob*. This will always " +"return a new reference, but is not guaranteed to create a new object; an " +"existing proxy object may be returned. The second parameter, *callback*, " +"can be a callable object that receives notification when *ob* is garbage " +"collected; it should accept a single parameter, which will be the weak " +"reference object itself. *callback* may also be ``None`` or ``NULL``. If " +"*ob* is not a weakly referenceable object, or if *callback* is not callable," +" ``None``, or ``NULL``, this will return ``NULL`` and raise " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"返回对象 *ob* 的弱引用代理对象。 该函数总是会返回一个新的引用，但不保证创建一个新的对象；它有可能返回一个现有的代理对象。 第二个形参 " +"*callback* 可以是一个可调用对象，它会在 *ob* 被作为垃圾回收时接收通知；它应当接受一个单独形参，即弱引用对象本身。 *callback*" +" 也可以是 ``None`` 或 ``NULL``。 如果 *ob* 不是一个弱引用对象，或者如果 *callback* 不是可调用对象, " +"``None`` 或 ``NULL``，该函数将返回 ``NULL`` 并引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Get a :term:`strong reference` to the referenced object from a weak " +"reference, *ref*, into *\\*pobj*." +msgstr "基于一个弱引用 *ref* 获取一个指向被引用对象的 :term:`strong reference` 存入到 *\\*pobj*。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:59 +msgid "" +"On success, set *\\*pobj* to a new :term:`strong reference` to the " +"referenced object and return 1." +msgstr "成功时，将 *\\*pobj* 设为一个新的指向被引用对象的 :term:`strong reference` 并返回 1。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:61 +msgid "If the reference is dead, set *\\*pobj* to ``NULL`` and return 0." +msgstr "如果引用不可用，则将 *\\*pobj* 设为 ``NULL`` 并返回 0。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:62 +msgid "On error, raise an exception and return -1." +msgstr "发生错误时，将引发异常并返回 -1。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`borrowed reference` to the referenced object from a weak " +"reference, *ref*. If the referent is no longer live, returns ``Py_None``." +msgstr "" +"基于一个弱引用 *ref* 返回一个指向被引用对象的 :term:`borrowed reference`。 如果引用已不可用，则返回 " +"``Py_None``。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:74 +msgid "" +"This function returns a :term:`borrowed reference` to the referenced object." +" This means that you should always call :c:func:`Py_INCREF` on the object " +"except when it cannot be destroyed before the last usage of the borrowed " +"reference." +msgstr "" +"该函数返回被引用对象的一个 :term:`borrowed reference`。 这意味着应该总是在该对象上调用 " +":c:func:`Py_INCREF`，除非是当它在借入引用的最后一次被使用之前无法被销毁的时候。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:79 ../../c-api/weakref.rst:87 +msgid "Use :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead." +msgstr "请改用 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:85 +msgid "Similar to :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`, but does no error checking." +msgstr "类似于 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`，但是不带错误检测。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:93 +msgid "" +"This function is called by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler " +"to clear weak references." +msgstr "此函数将被 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 处理器调用以清空弱引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:96 +msgid "" +"This iterates through the weak references for *object* and calls callbacks " +"for those references which have one. It returns when all callbacks have been" +" attempted." +msgstr "此函数将迭代 *object* 的弱引用并调用这些引用中可能存在的回调。 它将在尝试了所有回调之后返回。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:103 +msgid "Clears the weakrefs for *object* without calling the callbacks." +msgstr "清空 *object* 的弱引用而不调用回调。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:105 +msgid "" +"This function is called by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler " +"for types with finalizers (i.e., :meth:`~object.__del__`). The handler for " +"those objects first calls :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` to clear weakrefs" +" and call their callbacks, then the finalizer, and finally this function to " +"clear any weakrefs that may have been created by the finalizer." +msgstr "" +"此函数将由 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 处理器针对带有终结器 (即 " +":meth:`~object.__del__`) 的类型进行调用。 针对这些对象的处理器会先调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` " +"来清空弱引用并调用其回调，然后调用终结器，最后调用此函数来清空终结器可能创建的任何弱引用。" + +#: ../../c-api/weakref.rst:111 +msgid "" +"In most circumstances, it's more appropriate to use " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` to clear weakrefs instead of this function." +msgstr "在大多数情况下，更适当的做法是使用 :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` 而不是此函数来清空弱引用。" diff --git a/contents.po b/contents.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bc99b47c --- /dev/null +++ b/contents.po @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Yinian Chin , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Yinian Chin , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../contents.rst:3 +msgid "Python Documentation contents" +msgstr "Python 文档目录" diff --git a/copyright.po b/copyright.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c128574bc --- /dev/null +++ b/copyright.po @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../copyright.rst:3 +msgid "Copyright" +msgstr "版权所有" + +#: ../../copyright.rst:5 +msgid "Python and this documentation is:" +msgstr "Python 与这份文档：" + +#: ../../copyright.rst:7 +msgid "Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved." +msgstr "版权所有 © 2001-2024 Python 软件基金会。 保留所有权利。" + +#: ../../copyright.rst:9 +msgid "Copyright © 2000 BeOpen.com. All rights reserved." +msgstr "版权所有 © 2000 BeOpen.com。保留所有权利。" + +#: ../../copyright.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Copyright © 1995-2000 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. All " +"rights reserved." +msgstr "" +"版权所有 © 1995-2000 Corporation for National Research Initiatives。保留所有权利。" + +#: ../../copyright.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Copyright © 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. All rights reserved." +msgstr "版权所有 © 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum。保留所有权利。" + +#: ../../copyright.rst:18 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`history-and-license` for complete license and permissions " +"information." +msgstr "有关完整的许可证和许可信息，请参见 :ref:`history-and-license`。" diff --git a/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.po b/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..149e3e380 --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.po @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-08-02 14:17+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.14" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.14 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The ``ma_version_tag`` field in :c:type:`PyDictObject` for extension modules" +" (:pep:`699`; :gh:`101193`)." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyDictObject` 中的 ``ma_version_tag`` 字段用于扩展模块 ( :pep:`699` ; " +":gh:`101193` )。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Creating :c:data:`immutable types ` with mutable " +"bases (:gh:`95388`)." +msgstr "" +"创建 :c:data:`immutable types` 的可变基础 ( :gh:`95388` " +")。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Functions to configure Python's initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:" +msgstr "用于配置 Python 的初始化的函数，在 Python 3.11 中已弃用：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:12 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:18 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.home` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.home`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:21 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with " +":c:type:`PyConfig` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API 应与 :c:type:`PyConfig` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "Global configuration variables:" +msgstr "全局配置变量：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:26 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:28 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:32 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:34 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:38 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` " +"and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:55 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:57 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:65 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:67 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: Use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` instead. (see " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: 改用 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`。 (参见 " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" diff --git a/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.po b/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b02a9caa --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.po @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 08:36+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-08-02 14:17+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.15" +msgstr "Python 3.15 中的待移除功能" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +msgid "The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal``." +msgstr "捆绑的 ``libmpdecimal`` 副本。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:5 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: Use " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` instead." +msgstr "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:7 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: Use " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` 和 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:9 +msgid "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and the :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` macro: Use " +":c:type:`wchar_t` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` 类型和 :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` 宏：改用 :c:type:`wchar_t`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "Python initialization functions:" +msgstr "Python 初始化函数" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: Clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and " +":data:`!warnings.filters` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: 改为清除 :data:`sys.warnoptions` 和 " +":data:`!warnings.filters`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` and " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` 和 " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: Get :data:`sys.path` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_prefix` and :data:`sys.prefix` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_prefix` 和 :data:`sys.prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: Get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: 改为获取 :c:member:`PyConfig.home` 或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量。" diff --git a/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.po b/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adab42a87 --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.po @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-08-02 14:17+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Future Versions" +msgstr "计划在未来版本中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下 API 已被弃用，将被移除，但目前尚未确定移除日期。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: Unneeded since Python 3.8." +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: 自 Python 3.8 起不再需要。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:9 +msgid ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:11 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: Use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: 改用 :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: Use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: 改用 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: Use :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: 改用 :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:21 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:23 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:27 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: Unneeded since Python 3.12" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: 自 Python 3.12 起不再需要" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:31 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:33 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: Use :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: 改用 :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "" +":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` member: call :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` 成员：改为调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:37 +msgid ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` member." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` 成员。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:38 +msgid "Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:" +msgstr "线程本地存储 (TLS) API：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:50 +msgid ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: Unneeded since Python 3.7." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: 自 Python 3.7 起不再需要。" diff --git a/deprecations/index.po b/deprecations/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2b87782f --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,1343 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# lqks, 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-07-29 04:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/index.rst:2 +msgid "Deprecations" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.14" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.14 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of " +":class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` are deprecated and will be removed " +"in 3.14. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`92248`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`argparse`: :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` 的 *type*, " +"*choices* 和 *metavar* 形参已被弃用并将在 3.14 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`92248` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:9 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast`: The following features have been deprecated in documentation " +"since Python 3.8, now cause a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted at " +"runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in Python 3.14:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast`: 以下特性自 Python 3.8 起已在文档中声明弃用，现在当运行时如果它们被访问或使用时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`，并将在 Python 3.14 中移除：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:13 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Num`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Num`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Str`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Str`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:15 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:17 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Use :class:`ast.Constant` instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`90953`.)" +msgstr "请改用 :class:`ast.Constant`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`90953` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:22 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`asyncio`:" +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The child watcher classes :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` " +"and :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and will be removed in" +" Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +"子监视器类 :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` 和" +" :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.14 中移除。 （由 Kumar Aditya" +" 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`, :func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`, " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` and " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` are deprecated and" +" will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`、:func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`、:meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher`" +" 和 :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` 已弃用，并将在 Python " +"3.14 中移除。（由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` method of the default event loop policy " +"now emits a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` if there is no current event loop set " +"and it decides to create one. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Guido van" +" Rossum in :gh:`100160`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在默认事件循环策略的 :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` 方法在当前事件循环未设置并决定创建一个时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Guido van Rossum 在 " +":gh:`100160` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: Deprecated :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`. " +"Prefer :class:`!Sequence` or :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`. For use in " +"typing, prefer a union, like ``bytes | bytearray``, or " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in " +":gh:`91896`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: 已弃用 :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`。 推荐改用 " +":class:`!Sequence` 或 :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`。 用于类型标注时，则推荐并集运算符，如 " +"``bytes | bytearray``，或 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。 （由 Shantanu Jain 在 " +":gh:`91896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:47 +msgid "" +":mod:`email`: Deprecated the *isdst* parameter in " +":func:`email.utils.localtime`. (Contributed by Alan Williams in " +":gh:`72346`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`email`: 已弃用 :func:`email.utils.localtime` 中的 *isdst* 形参。 （由 Alan " +"Williams 在 :gh:`72346` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.abc` deprecated classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.abc` 中已弃用的类：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:53 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:54 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:56 +msgid "Use :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` classes instead:" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` 类代替:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:58 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "(Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`93963`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jason R. Coombs 和 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`93963` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":mod:`itertools` had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy, and " +"inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations. This will be" +" removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code volume and maintenance " +"burden. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`101588`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`itertools` 具有对 copy, deepcopy 和 pickle 等操作的未写入文档的、低效的、历史上充满问题的且不稳定的支持。" +" 这将在 3.14 中移除以显著减少代码量和维护负担。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`101588` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:69 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: The default start method will change to a safer one " +"on Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where ``'fork'`` is " +"currently the default (:gh:`84559`). Adding a runtime warning about this was" +" deemed too disruptive as the majority of code is not expected to care. Use " +"the :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` or " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` APIs to explicitly specify when " +"your code *requires* ``'fork'``. See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: 默认的启动方法在目前默认使用 ``'fork'`` 的 Linux, BSD 和其他非 macOS " +"POSIX 平台上将改为更安全的方法 (:gh:`84559`)。 为此添加运行时警告将带来糟糕的体验因为大部分代码并不会关心这个问题。 当你的代码 " +"*需要* ``'fork'`` 时请使用 :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` 或 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` API 来显式地指明。 参见 " +":ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:77 +msgid "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: passing additional arguments is " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` 和 " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: 传入额外参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:81 +msgid "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`~pkgutil.get_loader`" +" now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`; use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` " +"instead. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`97850`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: 现在 :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` 和 " +":func:`~pkgutil.get_loader` 将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`；请改用 " +":func:`importlib.util.find_spec`。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`97850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:86 +msgid ":mod:`pty`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pty`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:88 +msgid "``master_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``master_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:89 +msgid "``slave_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``slave_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`sqlite3`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sqlite3`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:93 +msgid ":data:`~sqlite3.version` and :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`." +msgstr ":data:`~sqlite3.version` 和 :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:95 +msgid "" +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` and :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany` if " +":ref:`named placeholders ` are used and *parameters* " +"is a sequence instead of a :class:`dict`." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :ref:`命名占位符 ` 且 *parameters* 是一个序列而不是 " +":class:`dict` 则选择 :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:99 +msgid "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString`, deprecated since Python 3.9, now" +" causes a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted when it is used." +msgstr "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString` 自 Python 3.9 起已被弃用，现在当被使用时将会发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:102 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` is deprecated: it was not " +"intended to be a public API. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in " +":gh:`88168`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` 已被弃用：它不应被作为公有 API。 （由 Gregory " +"P. Smith 在 :gh:`88168` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.15" +msgstr "Python 3.15 中的待移除功能" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:4 +msgid "The import system:" +msgstr "导入系统：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__cached__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.cached ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__cached__` will cease to be set or take" +" into consideration by the import system or standard library. (:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.cached ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__cached__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__package__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.parent ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__package__` will cease to be set or " +"take into consideration by the import system or standard library. " +"(:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设备 :attr:`__spec__.parent ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__package__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__package__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:16 +msgid ":mod:`ctypes`:" +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The undocumented :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档的 :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` 函数自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`http.server`:" +msgstr ":mod:`http.server`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The obsolete and rarely used :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` has" +" been deprecated since Python 3.13. No direct replacement exists. *Anything*" +" is better than CGI to interface a web server with a request handler." +msgstr "" +"过时且很少被使用的 :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 " +"不存在直接的替代品。 对于建立带有请求处理器的 Web 服务程序来说 *任何东西* 都比 CGI 要好。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--cgi` flag to the :program:`python -m http.server` command-" +"line interface has been deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "" +"用于 :program:`python -m http.server` 命令行界面的 :option:`!--cgi` 旗标自 Python 3.13 " +"起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:32 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`importlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:34 +msgid "``load_module()`` method: use ``exec_module()`` instead." +msgstr "``load_module()`` 方法：改用 ``exec_module()``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:36 +msgid ":class:`locale`:" +msgstr ":class:`locale`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` function has been deprecated since " +"Python 3.11. Its removal was originally planned for Python 3.13 " +"(:gh:`90817`), but has been postponed to Python 3.15. Use " +":func:`~locale.getlocale`, :func:`~locale.setlocale`, and " +":func:`~locale.getencoding` instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":gh:`111187`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` 函数自 Python 3.11 起已被弃用。 最初计划在 Python 3.13 " +"中移除它 (:gh:`90817`)，但已被推迟至 Python 3.15。 请改用 :func:`~locale.getlocale`, " +":func:`~locale.setlocale` 和 :func:`~locale.getencoding`。 （由 Hugo van " +"Kemenade 在 :gh:`111187` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:46 +msgid ":mod:`pathlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pathlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:48 +msgid "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows." +msgstr "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请使用 " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` 来检测 Windows 上的保留路径。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:52 +msgid ":mod:`platform`:" +msgstr ":mod:`platform`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:54 +msgid "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. This " +"function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is " +"largely untested." +msgstr "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 此函数仅对 Jython 支持有用，具有令人困惑的 " +"API，并且大部分未经测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`sysconfig`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sysconfig`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The *check_home* argument of :func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12." +msgstr "" +":func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` 的 *check_home* 参数自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`threading`:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:65 +msgid "" +":func:`~threading.RLock` will take no arguments in Python 3.15. Passing any " +"arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14, as the Python version does" +" not permit any arguments, but the C version allows any number of positional" +" or keyword arguments, ignoring every argument." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.15 中 :func:`~threading.RLock` 将不再接受参数。 传入参数的做法自 Python 3.14 " +"起已被弃用，因为 Python 版本不接受任何参数，而 C 版本允许任意数量的位置或关键字参数，但会忽略所有参数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:71 +msgid ":mod:`types`:" +msgstr ":mod:`types`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:73 +msgid "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: Accessing :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` was " +"deprecated in :pep:`626` since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12, " +"but it only got a proper :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12. May be removed " +"in 3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: 访问 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 的做法自 3.10 起已根据 " +":pep:`626` 被弃用并曾计划在 3.12 中移除，但在 3.12 中实际仅设置了 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 可能会在" +" 3.15 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`101866` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:80 +msgid ":mod:`typing`:" +msgstr ":mod:`typing`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating " +":class:`~typing.NamedTuple` classes (e.g. ``Point = NamedTuple(\"Point\", " +"x=int, y=int)``) has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the class-based " +"syntax or the functional syntax instead." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的用于创建 :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` 类的关键字参数语法 (例如 ``Point = " +"NamedTuple(\"Point\", x=int, y=int)``) 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请改用基于类的语法或函数语法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13. After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module," +" it has yet to be supported by any major type checker." +msgstr "" +":func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` 装饰器自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 存在于 " +":mod:`typing` 模块八年之后，它仍未被任何主要类型检查器所支持。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:93 +msgid ":mod:`wave`:" +msgstr ":mod:`wave`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark`, and " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` methods of the :class:`~wave.Wave_read` " +"and :class:`~wave.Wave_write` classes have been deprecated since Python " +"3.13." +msgstr "" +":class:`~wave.Wave_read` 和 :class:`~wave.Wave_write` 类的 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark` 和 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` 方法自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:2 +msgid "Pending removal in Python 3.16" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.16 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__loader__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.loader ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.16, :attr:`!__loader__` will cease to be set or " +"taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library." +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.loader ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.16 " +"中，:attr:`!__loader__` 将不会再被设置或是被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`array`:" +msgstr ":mod:`array`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The ``'u'`` format code (:c:type:`wchar_t`) has been deprecated in " +"documentation since Python 3.3 and at runtime since Python 3.13. Use the " +"``'w'`` format code (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`) for Unicode characters instead." +msgstr "" +"``'u'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`wchar_t`) 自 Python 3.3 起已在文档中弃用并自 Python 3.13 " +"起在运行时弃用。 对于 Unicode 字符请改用 ``'w'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:21 +msgid "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` is deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.16, use :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` instead. (Contributed " +"by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in :gh:`122875`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.16 中移除，请改用 " +":func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`。 （由 Jiahao Li 和 Kumar Aditya 在 " +":gh:`122875` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:26 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`builtins`:" +msgstr ":mod:`builtins`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Bitwise inversion on boolean types, ``~True`` or ``~False`` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12, as it produces surprising and unintuitive " +"results (``-2`` and ``-1``). Use ``not x`` instead for the logical negation " +"of a Boolean. In the rare case that you need the bitwise inversion of the " +"underlying integer, convert to ``int`` explicitly (``~int(x)``)." +msgstr "" +"对布尔类型 ``~True`` 或 ``~False`` 执行按位取反的操作自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用，因为它会产生奇怪和不直观的结果 " +"(``-2`` and ``-1``)。 请改用 ``not x`` 来对布尔值执行逻辑否操作。 " +"对于需要对下层整数执行按位取反操作的少数场合，请显式地将其转换为 ``int`` (``~int(x)``)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:35 +msgid ":mod:`shutil`:" +msgstr ":mod:`shutil`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!ExecError` exception has been deprecated since Python 3.14. It " +"has not been used by any function in :mod:`!shutil` since Python 3.4, and is" +" now an alias of :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +":class:`!ExecError` 异常自 Python 3.14 起已被弃用。 它自 Python 3.4 起就未被 :mod:`!shutil`" +" 中的任何函数所使用，现在是 :exc:`RuntimeError` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:42 +msgid ":mod:`symtable`:" +msgstr ":mod:`symtable`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Class.get_methods ` method has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.14." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Class.get_methods ` 方法自 Python 3.14 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:47 +msgid ":mod:`sys`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sys`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13. Use the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` " +"environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` 函数自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。 请改用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:53 +msgid ":mod:`tarfile`:" +msgstr ":mod:`tarfile`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档也未被使用的 :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` 属性自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Future Versions" +msgstr "计划在未来版本中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下API将会被移除，尽管具体时间还未确定。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive " +"groups are deprecated." +msgstr ":mod:`argparse`: 嵌套参数分组和嵌套互斥分组的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:10 +msgid ":mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` format code (:gh:`57281`)" +msgstr ":mod:`array` 的 ``'u'`` 格式代码 (:gh:`57281`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:14 +msgid "``bool(NotImplemented)``." +msgstr "``bool(NotImplemented)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Generators: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` and ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` signature" +" is deprecated: use ``throw(exc)`` and ``athrow(exc)`` instead, the single " +"argument signature." +msgstr "" +"生成器: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` 和 ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` 签名已被弃用：请改用 " +"``throw(exc)`` 和 ``athrow(exc)``，即单参数签名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords, " +"for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``. It allows confusing and " +"ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be interpreted as " +"``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``). A syntax warning is raised " +"if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords " +":keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, " +":keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`. In a future release it will" +" be changed to a syntax error. (:gh:`87999`)" +msgstr "" +"目前 Python 接受数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字的写法，例如 ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``。 它允许像 " +"``[0x1for x in y]`` 这样令人困惑且有歧义的表达式 (它可以被解读为 ``[0x1 for x in y]`` 或者 ``[0x1f " +"or x in y]``)。 如果数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字 :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, " +":keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` 和 :keyword:`or` " +"中的一个将会引发语法警告。 在未来的版本中它将改为语法错误。 (:gh:`87999`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__index__()`` and ``__int__()`` method returning non-int type:" +" these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass " +"of :class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__index__()`` 和 ``__int__()`` 方法返回非 int 类型的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`int` " +"的子类的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__float__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`float`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`float`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__float__()`` 方法返回 :class:`float` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`float` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__complex__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`complex`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`complex`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__complex__()`` 方法返回 :class:`complex` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 " +":class:`complex` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "Delegation of ``int()`` to ``__trunc__()`` method." +msgstr "将 ``int()`` 委托给 ``__trunc__()`` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the " +":func:`complex` constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed as a" +" single positional argument. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`109218`.)" +msgstr "" +"传入一个复数作为 :func:`complex` 构造器中的 *real* 或 *imag* 参数的做法现在已被弃用；它应当仅作为单个位置参数被传入。 " +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`109218` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` and ``calendar.February`` constants " +"are deprecated and replaced by :data:`calendar.JANUARY` and " +":data:`calendar.FEBRUARY`. (Contributed by Prince Roshan in :gh:`103636`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` 和 ``calendar.February`` 常量已被弃用并由 " +":data:`calendar.JANUARY` 和 :data:`calendar.FEBRUARY` 替代。 （由 Prince Roshan 在 " +":gh:`103636` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: use the :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` method " +"instead." +msgstr ":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: 改用 :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:49 +msgid ":mod:`datetime`:" +msgstr ":mod:`datetime`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:51 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:53 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:56 +msgid ":mod:`gettext`: Plural value must be an integer." +msgstr ":mod:`gettext`: 复数值必须是一个整数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:60 +msgid "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* parameter is " +"deprecated: use the *optimization* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* 形参已被弃用：改用 " +"*optimization* 形参。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:65 +msgid "``EntryPoints`` tuple interface." +msgstr "``EntryPoints`` 元组接口。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:66 +msgid "Implicit ``None`` on return values." +msgstr "返回值中隐式的 ``None``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:68 +msgid "" +":mod:`logging`: the ``warn()`` method has been deprecated since Python 3.3, " +"use :meth:`~logging.warning` instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`logging`: ``warn()`` 方法自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用，请改用 " +":meth:`~logging.warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:71 +msgid "" +":mod:`mailbox`: Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use " +"BytesIO and binary mode instead." +msgstr ":mod:`mailbox`: 对 StringIO 输入和文本模式的使用已被弃用，改用 BytesIO 和二进制模式。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:74 +msgid "" +":mod:`os`: Calling :func:`os.register_at_fork` in multi-threaded process." +msgstr ":mod:`os`: 在多线程的进程中调用 :func:`os.register_at_fork`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:76 +msgid "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is" +" deprecated, use an exception instance." +msgstr "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: 使用元组值作为 *exc_info* 形参的做法已被弃用，应使用异常实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:79 +msgid "" +":mod:`re`: More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references " +"and group names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is " +"now accepted as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and" +" replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and " +"underscore. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`re`: 现在对于正则表达式中的数字分组引用和分组名称将应用更严格的规则。 现在只接受 ASCII 数字序列作为数字引用。 " +"字节串模式和替换字符串中的分组名称现在只能包含 ASCII 字母和数字以及下划线。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91760` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:86 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` and :mod:`!sre_parse` modules." +msgstr ":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` 和 :mod:`!sre_parse` 模块。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:88 +msgid "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree`'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in" +" Python 3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree` 的 *onerror* 形参在 Python 3.12 中已被弃用；请改用 " +"*onexc* 形参。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`ssl` options and protocols:" +msgstr ":mod:`ssl` 选项和协议：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:93 +msgid ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` without protocol argument is deprecated." +msgstr ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 不带 protocol 参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:94 +msgid "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` and " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` are deprecated: use ALPN instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` 和 " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` 已被弃用：请改用 ALPN。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:97 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:98 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:99 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:100 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:101 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:102 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:103 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:104 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:105 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:106 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:108 +msgid ":mod:`threading` methods:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading` 的方法：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:110 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: use " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: 使用 " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:111 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: use :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: 使用 :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:112 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:114 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:116 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: use :meth:`threading.current_thread`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: 使用 :meth:`threading.current_thread`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:117 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: use :meth:`threading.active_count`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: 使用 :meth:`threading.active_count`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:119 +msgid ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)." +msgstr ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:121 +msgid "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: it is deprecated to return a " +"value that is not ``None`` from a test case." +msgstr "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: 从测试用例返回不为 ``None`` 的值的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:124 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.parse` deprecated functions: :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` " +"instead" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.parse` 函数已被弃用：改用 :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:126 +msgid "``splitattr()``" +msgstr "``splitattr()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:127 +msgid "``splithost()``" +msgstr "``splithost()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:128 +msgid "``splitnport()``" +msgstr "``splitnport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:129 +msgid "``splitpasswd()``" +msgstr "``splitpasswd()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:130 +msgid "``splitport()``" +msgstr "``splitport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:131 +msgid "``splitquery()``" +msgstr "``splitquery()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:132 +msgid "``splittag()``" +msgstr "``splittag()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:133 +msgid "``splittype()``" +msgstr "``splittype()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:134 +msgid "``splituser()``" +msgstr "``splituser()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:135 +msgid "``splitvalue()``" +msgstr "``splitvalue()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:136 +msgid "``to_bytes()``" +msgstr "``to_bytes()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:138 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` and " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` style of invoking requests is " +"deprecated. Use newer :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` functions and methods." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: 发起请求的 :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` 和 " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` 方式已被弃用。 改用更新 " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` 函数和方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:142 +msgid "" +":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` should not do partial " +"writes." +msgstr ":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` 不应执行部分写入。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:145 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Testing the truth value of an " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` is deprecated. In a future release " +"it will always return ``True``. Prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or ``elem is " +"not None`` tests instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: 对 :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` " +"的真值测试已被弃用。 在未来的发布版中它将始终返回 ``True``。 建议改用显式的 ``len(elem)`` 或 ``elem is not " +"None`` 测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:150 +msgid "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` is deprecated: use " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module` instead." +msgstr "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` 已被弃用：请改用 " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/index.rst:13 +msgid "C API Deprecations" +msgstr "C API 的弃用项" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The ``ma_version_tag`` field in :c:type:`PyDictObject` for extension modules" +" (:pep:`699`; :gh:`101193`)." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyDictObject` 中的 ``ma_version_tag`` 字段用于扩展模块 ( :pep:`699` ; " +":gh:`101193` )。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Creating :c:data:`immutable types ` with mutable " +"bases (:gh:`95388`)." +msgstr "" +"创建 :c:data:`immutable types` 的可变基础 ( :gh:`95388` " +")。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Functions to configure Python's initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:" +msgstr "用于配置 Python 的初始化的函数，在 Python 3.11 中已弃用：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:12 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:18 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.home` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.home`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:21 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with " +":c:type:`PyConfig` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API 应与 :c:type:`PyConfig` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "Global configuration variables:" +msgstr "全局配置变量：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:26 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:28 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:32 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:34 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:38 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` " +"and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:55 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:57 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:65 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:67 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: Use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` instead. (see " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: 改用 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`。 (参见 " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +msgid "The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal``." +msgstr "捆绑的 ``libmpdecimal`` 副本。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:5 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: Use " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` instead." +msgstr "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:7 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: Use " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` 和 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:9 +msgid "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and the :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` macro: Use " +":c:type:`wchar_t` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` 类型和 :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` 宏：改用 :c:type:`wchar_t`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "Python initialization functions:" +msgstr "Python 初始化函数" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: Clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and " +":data:`!warnings.filters` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: 改为清除 :data:`sys.warnoptions` 和 " +":data:`!warnings.filters`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` and " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` 和 " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: Get :data:`sys.path` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_prefix` and :data:`sys.prefix` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_prefix` 和 :data:`sys.prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: Get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: 改为获取 :c:member:`PyConfig.home` 或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下 API 已被弃用，将被移除，但目前尚未确定移除日期。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: Unneeded since Python 3.8." +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: 自 Python 3.8 起不再需要。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:9 +msgid ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:11 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: Use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: 改用 :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: Use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: 改用 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: Use :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: 改用 :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:21 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:23 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:27 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: Unneeded since Python 3.12" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: 自 Python 3.12 起不再需要" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:31 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:33 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: Use :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: 改用 :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "" +":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` member: call :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` 成员：改为调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:37 +msgid ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` member." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` 成员。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:38 +msgid "Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:" +msgstr "线程本地存储 (TLS) API：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:50 +msgid ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: Unneeded since Python 3.7." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: 自 Python 3.7 起不再需要。" diff --git a/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.po b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81f47cf35 --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.po @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-07-26 14:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.13" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.13 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:4 +msgid "Modules (see :pep:`594`):" +msgstr "模块 (参见 :pep:`594`):" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:6 +msgid ":mod:`!aifc`" +msgstr ":mod:`!aifc`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:7 +msgid ":mod:`!audioop`" +msgstr ":mod:`!audioop`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:8 +msgid ":mod:`!cgi`" +msgstr ":mod:`!cgi`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:9 +msgid ":mod:`!cgitb`" +msgstr ":mod:`!cgitb`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:10 +msgid ":mod:`!chunk`" +msgstr ":mod:`!chunk`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`!crypt`" +msgstr ":mod:`!crypt`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`!imghdr`" +msgstr ":mod:`!imghdr`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:13 +msgid ":mod:`!mailcap`" +msgstr ":mod:`!mailcap`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:14 +msgid ":mod:`!msilib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!msilib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:15 +msgid ":mod:`!nis`" +msgstr ":mod:`!nis`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:16 +msgid ":mod:`!nntplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!nntplib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:17 +msgid ":mod:`!ossaudiodev`" +msgstr ":mod:`!ossaudiodev`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:18 +msgid ":mod:`!pipes`" +msgstr ":mod:`!pipes`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`!sndhdr`" +msgstr ":mod:`!sndhdr`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:20 +msgid ":mod:`!spwd`" +msgstr ":mod:`!spwd`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`!sunau`" +msgstr ":mod:`!sunau`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:22 +msgid ":mod:`!telnetlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!telnetlib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:23 +msgid ":mod:`!uu`" +msgstr ":mod:`!uu`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:24 +msgid ":mod:`!xdrlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!xdrlib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:26 +msgid "Other modules:" +msgstr "其他模块：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:28 +msgid ":mod:`!lib2to3`, and the :program:`2to3` program (:gh:`84540`)" +msgstr ":mod:`!lib2to3`，以及 :program:`2to3` 程序 (:gh:`84540`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:30 +msgid "APIs:" +msgstr "API:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:32 +msgid ":class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` (:gh:`90765`)" +msgstr ":class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` (:gh:`90765`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:33 +msgid "``locale.resetlocale()`` (:gh:`90817`)" +msgstr "``locale.resetlocale()`` (:gh:`90817`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:34 +msgid ":meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:35 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:36 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:37 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:38 +msgid ":meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` (:gh:`67048`)" +msgstr ":meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` (:gh:`67048`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:39 +msgid ":class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` (:gh:`86421`)" +msgstr ":class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` (:gh:`86421`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:40 +msgid ":class:`classmethod` descriptor chaining (:gh:`89519`)" +msgstr ":class:`classmethod` 描述器串联 (:gh:`89519`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:41 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.resources` deprecated methods:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.resources` 中已弃用的方法：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:43 +msgid "``contents()``" +msgstr "``contents()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:44 +msgid "``is_resource()``" +msgstr "``is_resource()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:45 +msgid "``open_binary()``" +msgstr "``open_binary()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:46 +msgid "``open_text()``" +msgstr "``open_text()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:47 +msgid "``path()``" +msgstr "``path()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:48 +msgid "``read_binary()``" +msgstr "``read_binary()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:49 +msgid "``read_text()``" +msgstr "``read_text()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`importlib.resources.files` instead. Refer to `importlib-" +"resources: Migrating from Legacy `_ " +"(:gh:`106531`)" +msgstr "" +"改用 :func:`importlib.resources.files`。 参见 `importlib-resources: Migrating " +"from Legacy `_ " +"(:gh:`106531`)" diff --git a/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.po b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db9fd0572 --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.po @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 08:36+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-07-20 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.14" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.14 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of " +":class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` are deprecated and will be removed " +"in 3.14. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`92248`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`argparse`: :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` 的 *type*, " +"*choices* 和 *metavar* 形参已被弃用并将在 3.14 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`92248` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:9 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast`: The following features have been deprecated in documentation " +"since Python 3.8, now cause a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted at " +"runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in Python 3.14:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast`: 以下特性自 Python 3.8 起已在文档中声明弃用，现在当运行时如果它们被访问或使用时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`，并将在 Python 3.14 中移除：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:13 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Num`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Num`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Str`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Str`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:15 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:17 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Use :class:`ast.Constant` instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`90953`.)" +msgstr "请改用 :class:`ast.Constant`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`90953` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:22 +msgid ":mod:`asyncio`:" +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The child watcher classes :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` " +"and :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and will be removed in" +" Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +"子监视器类 :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` 和" +" :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.14 中移除。 （由 Kumar Aditya" +" 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`, :func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`, " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` and " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` are deprecated and" +" will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`、:func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`、:meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher`" +" 和 :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` 已弃用，并将在 Python " +"3.14 中移除。（由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` method of the default event loop policy " +"now emits a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` if there is no current event loop set " +"and it decides to create one. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Guido van" +" Rossum in :gh:`100160`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在默认事件循环策略的 :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` 方法在当前事件循环未设置并决定创建一个时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Guido van Rossum 在 " +":gh:`100160` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: Deprecated :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`. " +"Prefer :class:`!Sequence` or :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`. For use in " +"typing, prefer a union, like ``bytes | bytearray``, or " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in " +":gh:`91896`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: 已弃用 :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`。 推荐改用 " +":class:`!Sequence` 或 :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`。 用于类型标注时，则推荐并集运算符，如 " +"``bytes | bytearray``，或 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。 （由 Shantanu Jain 在 " +":gh:`91896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:47 +msgid "" +":mod:`email`: Deprecated the *isdst* parameter in " +":func:`email.utils.localtime`. (Contributed by Alan Williams in " +":gh:`72346`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`email`: 已弃用 :func:`email.utils.localtime` 中的 *isdst* 形参。 （由 Alan " +"Williams 在 :gh:`72346` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.abc` deprecated classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.abc` 中已弃用的类：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:53 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:54 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:56 +msgid "Use :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` classes instead:" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` 类代替:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:58 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "(Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`93963`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jason R. Coombs 和 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`93963` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":mod:`itertools` had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy, and " +"inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations. This will be" +" removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code volume and maintenance " +"burden. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`101588`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`itertools` 具有对 copy, deepcopy 和 pickle 等操作的未写入文档的、低效的、历史上充满问题的且不稳定的支持。" +" 这将在 3.14 中移除以显著减少代码量和维护负担。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`101588` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:69 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: The default start method will change to a safer one " +"on Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where ``'fork'`` is " +"currently the default (:gh:`84559`). Adding a runtime warning about this was" +" deemed too disruptive as the majority of code is not expected to care. Use " +"the :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` or " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` APIs to explicitly specify when " +"your code *requires* ``'fork'``. See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: 默认的启动方法在目前默认使用 ``'fork'`` 的 Linux, BSD 和其他非 macOS " +"POSIX 平台上将改为更安全的方法 (:gh:`84559`)。 为此添加运行时警告将带来糟糕的体验因为大部分代码并不会关心这个问题。 当你的代码 " +"*需要* ``'fork'`` 时请使用 :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` 或 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` API 来显式地指明。 参见 " +":ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:77 +msgid "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: passing additional arguments is " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` 和 " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: 传入额外参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:81 +msgid "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`~pkgutil.get_loader`" +" now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`; use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` " +"instead. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`97850`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: 现在 :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` 和 " +":func:`~pkgutil.get_loader` 将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`；请改用 " +":func:`importlib.util.find_spec`。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`97850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:86 +msgid ":mod:`pty`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pty`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:88 +msgid "``master_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``master_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:89 +msgid "``slave_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``slave_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`sqlite3`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sqlite3`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:93 +msgid ":data:`~sqlite3.version` and :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`." +msgstr ":data:`~sqlite3.version` 和 :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:95 +msgid "" +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` and :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany` if " +":ref:`named placeholders ` are used and *parameters* " +"is a sequence instead of a :class:`dict`." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :ref:`命名占位符 ` 且 *parameters* 是一个序列而不是 " +":class:`dict` 则选择 :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:99 +msgid "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString`, deprecated since Python 3.9, now" +" causes a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted when it is used." +msgstr "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString` 自 Python 3.9 起已被弃用，现在当被使用时将会发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:102 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` is deprecated: it was not " +"intended to be a public API. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in " +":gh:`88168`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` 已被弃用：它不应被作为公有 API。 （由 Gregory " +"P. Smith 在 :gh:`88168` 中贡献。）" diff --git a/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.po b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87d9bed81 --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.po @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-07-20 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.15" +msgstr "Python 3.15 中的待移除功能" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +msgid "The import system:" +msgstr "导入系统：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__cached__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.cached ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__cached__` will cease to be set or take" +" into consideration by the import system or standard library. (:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.cached ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__cached__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__package__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.parent ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__package__` will cease to be set or " +"take into consideration by the import system or standard library. " +"(:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设备 :attr:`__spec__.parent ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__package__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__package__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:16 +msgid ":mod:`ctypes`:" +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The undocumented :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档的 :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` 函数自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`http.server`:" +msgstr ":mod:`http.server`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The obsolete and rarely used :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` has" +" been deprecated since Python 3.13. No direct replacement exists. *Anything*" +" is better than CGI to interface a web server with a request handler." +msgstr "" +"过时且很少被使用的 :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 " +"不存在直接的替代品。 对于建立带有请求处理器的 Web 服务程序来说 *任何东西* 都比 CGI 要好。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--cgi` flag to the :program:`python -m http.server` command-" +"line interface has been deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "" +"用于 :program:`python -m http.server` 命令行界面的 :option:`!--cgi` 旗标自 Python 3.13 " +"起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:32 +msgid ":mod:`importlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:34 +msgid "``load_module()`` method: use ``exec_module()`` instead." +msgstr "``load_module()`` 方法：改用 ``exec_module()``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:36 +msgid ":class:`locale`:" +msgstr ":class:`locale`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` function has been deprecated since " +"Python 3.11. Its removal was originally planned for Python 3.13 " +"(:gh:`90817`), but has been postponed to Python 3.15. Use " +":func:`~locale.getlocale`, :func:`~locale.setlocale`, and " +":func:`~locale.getencoding` instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":gh:`111187`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` 函数自 Python 3.11 起已被弃用。 最初计划在 Python 3.13 " +"中移除它 (:gh:`90817`)，但已被推迟至 Python 3.15。 请改用 :func:`~locale.getlocale`, " +":func:`~locale.setlocale` 和 :func:`~locale.getencoding`。 （由 Hugo van " +"Kemenade 在 :gh:`111187` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:46 +msgid ":mod:`pathlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pathlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:48 +msgid "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows." +msgstr "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请使用 " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` 来检测 Windows 上的保留路径。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:52 +msgid ":mod:`platform`:" +msgstr ":mod:`platform`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:54 +msgid "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. This " +"function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is " +"largely untested." +msgstr "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 此函数仅对 Jython 支持有用，具有令人困惑的 " +"API，并且大部分未经测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`sysconfig`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sysconfig`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The *check_home* argument of :func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12." +msgstr "" +":func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` 的 *check_home* 参数自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`threading`:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:65 +msgid "" +":func:`~threading.RLock` will take no arguments in Python 3.15. Passing any " +"arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14, as the Python version does" +" not permit any arguments, but the C version allows any number of positional" +" or keyword arguments, ignoring every argument." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.15 中 :func:`~threading.RLock` 将不再接受参数。 传入参数的做法自 Python 3.14 " +"起已被弃用，因为 Python 版本不接受任何参数，而 C 版本允许任意数量的位置或关键字参数，但会忽略所有参数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:71 +msgid ":mod:`types`:" +msgstr ":mod:`types`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:73 +msgid "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: Accessing :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` was " +"deprecated in :pep:`626` since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12, " +"but it only got a proper :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12. May be removed " +"in 3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: 访问 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 的做法自 3.10 起已根据 " +":pep:`626` 被弃用并曾计划在 3.12 中移除，但在 3.12 中实际仅设置了 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 可能会在" +" 3.15 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`101866` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:80 +msgid ":mod:`typing`:" +msgstr ":mod:`typing`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating " +":class:`~typing.NamedTuple` classes (e.g. ``Point = NamedTuple(\"Point\", " +"x=int, y=int)``) has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the class-based " +"syntax or the functional syntax instead." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的用于创建 :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` 类的关键字参数语法 (例如 ``Point = " +"NamedTuple(\"Point\", x=int, y=int)``) 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请改用基于类的语法或函数语法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13. After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module," +" it has yet to be supported by any major type checker." +msgstr "" +":func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` 装饰器自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 存在于 " +":mod:`typing` 模块八年之后，它仍未被任何主要类型检查器所支持。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:93 +msgid ":mod:`wave`:" +msgstr ":mod:`wave`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark`, and " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` methods of the :class:`~wave.Wave_read` " +"and :class:`~wave.Wave_write` classes have been deprecated since Python " +"3.13." +msgstr "" +":class:`~wave.Wave_read` 和 :class:`~wave.Wave_write` 类的 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark` 和 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` 方法自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" diff --git a/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.po b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3ad67c3c --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.po @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 08:36+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-07-20 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:2 +msgid "Pending removal in Python 3.16" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.16 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:4 +msgid "The import system:" +msgstr "导入系统：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__loader__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.loader ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.16, :attr:`!__loader__` will cease to be set or " +"taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library." +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.loader ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.16 " +"中，:attr:`!__loader__` 将不会再被设置或是被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`array`:" +msgstr ":mod:`array`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The ``'u'`` format code (:c:type:`wchar_t`) has been deprecated in " +"documentation since Python 3.3 and at runtime since Python 3.13. Use the " +"``'w'`` format code (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`) for Unicode characters instead." +msgstr "" +"``'u'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`wchar_t`) 自 Python 3.3 起已在文档中弃用并自 Python 3.13 " +"起在运行时弃用。 对于 Unicode 字符请改用 ``'w'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`asyncio`:" +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:21 +msgid "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` is deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.16, use :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` instead. (Contributed " +"by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in :gh:`122875`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.16 中移除，请改用 " +":func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`。 （由 Jiahao Li 和 Kumar Aditya 在 " +":gh:`122875` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:26 +msgid ":mod:`builtins`:" +msgstr ":mod:`builtins`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Bitwise inversion on boolean types, ``~True`` or ``~False`` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12, as it produces surprising and unintuitive " +"results (``-2`` and ``-1``). Use ``not x`` instead for the logical negation " +"of a Boolean. In the rare case that you need the bitwise inversion of the " +"underlying integer, convert to ``int`` explicitly (``~int(x)``)." +msgstr "" +"对布尔类型 ``~True`` 或 ``~False`` 执行按位取反的操作自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用，因为它会产生奇怪和不直观的结果 " +"(``-2`` and ``-1``)。 请改用 ``not x`` 来对布尔值执行逻辑否操作。 " +"对于需要对下层整数执行按位取反操作的少数场合，请显式地将其转换为 ``int`` (``~int(x)``)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:35 +msgid ":mod:`shutil`:" +msgstr ":mod:`shutil`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!ExecError` exception has been deprecated since Python 3.14. It " +"has not been used by any function in :mod:`!shutil` since Python 3.4, and is" +" now an alias of :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +":class:`!ExecError` 异常自 Python 3.14 起已被弃用。 它自 Python 3.4 起就未被 :mod:`!shutil`" +" 中的任何函数所使用，现在是 :exc:`RuntimeError` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:42 +msgid ":mod:`symtable`:" +msgstr ":mod:`symtable`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Class.get_methods ` method has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.14." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Class.get_methods ` 方法自 Python 3.14 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:47 +msgid ":mod:`sys`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sys`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13. Use the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` " +"environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` 函数自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。 请改用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:53 +msgid ":mod:`tarfile`:" +msgstr ":mod:`tarfile`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档也未被使用的 :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` 属性自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。" diff --git a/deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.po b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49eb5605c --- /dev/null +++ b/deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.po @@ -0,0 +1,426 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# lqks, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-07-20 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Future Versions" +msgstr "计划在未来版本中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下API将会被移除，尽管具体时间还未确定。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive " +"groups are deprecated." +msgstr ":mod:`argparse`: 嵌套参数分组和嵌套互斥分组的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:10 +msgid ":mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` format code (:gh:`57281`)" +msgstr ":mod:`array` 的 ``'u'`` 格式代码 (:gh:`57281`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`builtins`:" +msgstr ":mod:`builtins`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:14 +msgid "``bool(NotImplemented)``." +msgstr "``bool(NotImplemented)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Generators: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` and ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` signature" +" is deprecated: use ``throw(exc)`` and ``athrow(exc)`` instead, the single " +"argument signature." +msgstr "" +"生成器: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` 和 ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` 签名已被弃用：请改用 " +"``throw(exc)`` 和 ``athrow(exc)``，即单参数签名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords, " +"for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``. It allows confusing and " +"ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be interpreted as " +"``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``). A syntax warning is raised " +"if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords " +":keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, " +":keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`. In a future release it will" +" be changed to a syntax error. (:gh:`87999`)" +msgstr "" +"目前 Python 接受数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字的写法，例如 ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``。 它允许像 " +"``[0x1for x in y]`` 这样令人困惑且有歧义的表达式 (它可以被解读为 ``[0x1 for x in y]`` 或者 ``[0x1f " +"or x in y]``)。 如果数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字 :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, " +":keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` 和 :keyword:`or` " +"中的一个将会引发语法警告。 在未来的版本中它将改为语法错误。 (:gh:`87999`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__index__()`` and ``__int__()`` method returning non-int type:" +" these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass " +"of :class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__index__()`` 和 ``__int__()`` 方法返回非 int 类型的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`int` " +"的子类的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__float__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`float`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`float`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__float__()`` 方法返回 :class:`float` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`float` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__complex__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`complex`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`complex`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__complex__()`` 方法返回 :class:`complex` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 " +":class:`complex` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "Delegation of ``int()`` to ``__trunc__()`` method." +msgstr "将 ``int()`` 委托给 ``__trunc__()`` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the " +":func:`complex` constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed as a" +" single positional argument. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`109218`.)" +msgstr "" +"传入一个复数作为 :func:`complex` 构造器中的 *real* 或 *imag* 参数的做法现在已被弃用；它应当仅作为单个位置参数被传入。 " +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`109218` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` and ``calendar.February`` constants " +"are deprecated and replaced by :data:`calendar.JANUARY` and " +":data:`calendar.FEBRUARY`. (Contributed by Prince Roshan in :gh:`103636`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` 和 ``calendar.February`` 常量已被弃用并由 " +":data:`calendar.JANUARY` 和 :data:`calendar.FEBRUARY` 替代。 （由 Prince Roshan 在 " +":gh:`103636` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: use the :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` method " +"instead." +msgstr ":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: 改用 :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:49 +msgid ":mod:`datetime`:" +msgstr ":mod:`datetime`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:51 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:53 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:56 +msgid ":mod:`gettext`: Plural value must be an integer." +msgstr ":mod:`gettext`: 复数值必须是一个整数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`importlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:60 +msgid "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* parameter is " +"deprecated: use the *optimization* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* 形参已被弃用：改用 " +"*optimization* 形参。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:65 +msgid "``EntryPoints`` tuple interface." +msgstr "``EntryPoints`` 元组接口。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:66 +msgid "Implicit ``None`` on return values." +msgstr "返回值中隐式的 ``None``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:68 +msgid "" +":mod:`logging`: the ``warn()`` method has been deprecated since Python 3.3, " +"use :meth:`~logging.warning` instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`logging`: ``warn()`` 方法自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用，请改用 " +":meth:`~logging.warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:71 +msgid "" +":mod:`mailbox`: Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use " +"BytesIO and binary mode instead." +msgstr ":mod:`mailbox`: 对 StringIO 输入和文本模式的使用已被弃用，改用 BytesIO 和二进制模式。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:74 +msgid "" +":mod:`os`: Calling :func:`os.register_at_fork` in multi-threaded process." +msgstr ":mod:`os`: 在多线程的进程中调用 :func:`os.register_at_fork`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:76 +msgid "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is" +" deprecated, use an exception instance." +msgstr "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: 使用元组值作为 *exc_info* 形参的做法已被弃用，应使用异常实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:79 +msgid "" +":mod:`re`: More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references " +"and group names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is " +"now accepted as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and" +" replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and " +"underscore. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`re`: 现在对于正则表达式中的数字分组引用和分组名称将应用更严格的规则。 现在只接受 ASCII 数字序列作为数字引用。 " +"字节串模式和替换字符串中的分组名称现在只能包含 ASCII 字母和数字以及下划线。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91760` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:86 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` and :mod:`!sre_parse` modules." +msgstr ":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` 和 :mod:`!sre_parse` 模块。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:88 +msgid "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree`'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in" +" Python 3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree` 的 *onerror* 形参在 Python 3.12 中已被弃用；请改用 " +"*onexc* 形参。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`ssl` options and protocols:" +msgstr ":mod:`ssl` 选项和协议：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:93 +msgid ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` without protocol argument is deprecated." +msgstr ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 不带 protocol 参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:94 +msgid "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` and " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` are deprecated: use ALPN instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` 和 " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` 已被弃用：请改用 ALPN." + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:97 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:98 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:99 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:100 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:101 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:102 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:103 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:104 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:105 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:106 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:108 +msgid ":mod:`threading` methods:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading` 的方法：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:110 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: use " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: 使用 " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:111 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: use :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: 使用 :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:112 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:114 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:116 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: use :meth:`threading.current_thread`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: 使用 :meth:`threading.current_thread`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:117 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: use :meth:`threading.active_count`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: 使用 :meth:`threading.active_count`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:119 +msgid ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)." +msgstr ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:121 +msgid "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: it is deprecated to return a " +"value that is not ``None`` from a test case." +msgstr "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: 从测试用例返回不为 ``None`` 的值的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:124 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.parse` deprecated functions: :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` " +"instead" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.parse` 函数已被弃用：改用 :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:126 +msgid "``splitattr()``" +msgstr "``splitattr()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:127 +msgid "``splithost()``" +msgstr "``splithost()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:128 +msgid "``splitnport()``" +msgstr "``splitnport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:129 +msgid "``splitpasswd()``" +msgstr "``splitpasswd()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:130 +msgid "``splitport()``" +msgstr "``splitport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:131 +msgid "``splitquery()``" +msgstr "``splitquery()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:132 +msgid "``splittag()``" +msgstr "``splittag()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:133 +msgid "``splittype()``" +msgstr "``splittype()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:134 +msgid "``splituser()``" +msgstr "``splituser()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:135 +msgid "``splitvalue()``" +msgstr "``splitvalue()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:136 +msgid "``to_bytes()``" +msgstr "``to_bytes()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:138 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` and " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` style of invoking requests is " +"deprecated. Use newer :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` functions and methods." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: 发起请求的 :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` 和 " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` 方式已被弃用。 改用更新 " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` 函数和方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:142 +msgid "" +":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` should not do partial " +"writes." +msgstr ":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` 不应执行部分写入。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:145 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Testing the truth value of an " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` is deprecated. In a future release " +"it will always return ``True``. Prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or ``elem is " +"not None`` tests instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: 对 :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` " +"的真值测试已被弃用。 在未来的发布版中它将始终返回 ``True``。 建议改用显式的 ``len(elem)`` 或 ``elem is not " +"None`` 测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:150 +msgid "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` is deprecated: use " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module` instead." +msgstr "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` 已被弃用：请改用 " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`。" diff --git a/distributing/index.po b/distributing/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03fa3a1a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/distributing/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distributing/index.rst:10 +msgid "Distributing Python Modules" +msgstr "分发 Python 模块" + +#: ../../distributing/index.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Information and guidance on distributing Python modules and packages has " +"been moved to the `Python Packaging User Guide`_, and the tutorial on " +"`packaging Python projects`_." +msgstr "" +"有关分发 Python 模块和包的信息和指南已被移至 `Python Packaging User Guide`_，以及 `packaging " +"Python projects`_ 中的教程。" diff --git a/distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.po b/distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..098233ea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.po @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: cdarlint , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" diff --git a/distutils/apiref.po b/distutils/apiref.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..606eeb920 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/apiref.po @@ -0,0 +1,2537 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# skylight , 2021 +# cdarlint , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# Kelly Hwong , 2021 +# sgqy , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:5 +msgid "API Reference" +msgstr "API参考引用" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:11 +msgid "`New and changed setup.py arguments in setuptools`_" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The ``setuptools`` project adds new capabilities to the ``setup`` function " +"and other APIs, makes the API consistent across different Python versions, " +"and is hence recommended over using ``distutils`` directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.core` --- Core Distutils functionality" +msgstr ":mod:`distutils.core` --- 分发包功能的核心" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`distutils.core` module is the only module that needs to be " +"installed to use the Distutils. It provides the :func:`setup` (which is " +"called from the setup script). Indirectly provides the " +":class:`distutils.dist.Distribution` and :class:`distutils.cmd.Command` " +"class." +msgstr "" +"The :mod:`distutils.core` 是为了使用 Distutils 工具唯一要安装的模块。它提供函数 :func:`setup` " +"（该函数被 setup 脚本调用）。间接提供了类 :class:`distutils.dist.Distribution` 和 " +":class:`distutils.cmd.Command`." + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The basic do-everything function that does most everything you could ever " +"ask for from a Distutils method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The setup function takes a large number of arguments. These are laid out in " +"the following table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:42 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:185 +msgid "argument name" +msgstr "参数名称" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:42 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:143 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:185 +msgid "value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:42 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:185 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type -- 类型" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:44 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:187 +msgid "*name*" +msgstr "*name*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:44 +msgid "The name of the package" +msgstr "包的名字" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:44 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:46 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:50 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:53 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:56 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:58 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:61 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:68 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:72 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:75 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:96 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:106 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:187 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:278 +msgid "a string" +msgstr "字符串" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:46 +msgid "*version*" +msgstr "*version*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:46 +msgid "The version number of the package; see :mod:`distutils.version`" +msgstr "包的版本号；参见 :mod:`distutils.version`" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:50 +msgid "*description*" +msgstr "*description*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:50 +msgid "A single line describing the package" +msgstr "单行的包的描述" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:53 +msgid "*long_description*" +msgstr "*long_description*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:53 +msgid "Longer description of the package" +msgstr "更长的包描述" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:56 +msgid "*author*" +msgstr "*author*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:56 +msgid "The name of the package author" +msgstr "包的作者" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:58 +msgid "*author_email*" +msgstr "*author_email*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:58 +msgid "The email address of the package author" +msgstr "包的作者的电子邮件" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:61 +msgid "*maintainer*" +msgstr "*maintainer*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:61 +msgid "" +"The name of the current maintainer, if different from the author. Note that " +"if the maintainer is provided, distutils will use it as the author in " +":file:`PKG-INFO`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:68 +msgid "*maintainer_email*" +msgstr "*maintainer_email*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The email address of the current maintainer, if different from the author" +msgstr "当前维护者的电子邮件地址，如果不同与作者" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:72 +msgid "*url*" +msgstr "*url*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:72 +msgid "A URL for the package (homepage)" +msgstr "包的URL（主页）" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:75 +msgid "*download_url*" +msgstr "*download_url*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:75 +msgid "A URL to download the package" +msgstr "包的下载地址" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:77 +msgid "*packages*" +msgstr "*packages*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:77 +msgid "A list of Python packages that distutils will manipulate" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:77 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:80 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:83 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:100 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:193 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:207 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:223 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:226 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:230 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:234 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:240 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:247 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:258 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:267 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:275 +msgid "a list of strings" +msgstr "字符串列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:80 +msgid "*py_modules*" +msgstr "*py_modules*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:80 +msgid "A list of Python modules that distutils will manipulate" +msgstr "distutils 会操作的 Python 模块列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:83 +msgid "*scripts*" +msgstr "*scripts*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:83 +msgid "A list of standalone script files to be built and installed" +msgstr "要构建和安装的独立脚本文件的列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:87 +msgid "*ext_modules*" +msgstr "*ext_modules*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:87 +msgid "A list of Python extensions to be built" +msgstr "要构建的 Python 扩展的列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:87 +msgid "a list of instances of :class:`distutils.core.Extension`" +msgstr "类 :class:`distutils.core.Extension` 的实例的列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:90 +msgid "*classifiers*" +msgstr "*classifiers*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:90 +msgid "A list of categories for the package" +msgstr "包的类别列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:90 +msgid "" +"a list of strings; valid classifiers are listed on `PyPI " +"`_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:93 +msgid "*distclass*" +msgstr "*distclass*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:93 +msgid "the :class:`Distribution` class to use" +msgstr "要使用的类 :class:`Distribution` 类" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:93 +msgid "a subclass of :class:`distutils.core.Distribution`" +msgstr ":class:`distutils.core.Distribution` 的子类" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:96 +msgid "*script_name*" +msgstr "*script_name*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:96 +msgid "The name of the setup.py script - defaults to ``sys.argv[0]``" +msgstr "setup.py 脚本名称 —— 默认为 ``sys.argv[0]``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:100 +msgid "*script_args*" +msgstr "*script_args*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:100 +msgid "Arguments to supply to the setup script" +msgstr "提供给安装脚本的参数" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:103 +msgid "*options*" +msgstr "*options*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:103 +msgid "default options for the setup script" +msgstr "安装脚本的默认选项" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:103 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:113 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:119 +msgid "a dictionary" +msgstr "字典" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:106 +msgid "*license*" +msgstr "*license*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:106 +msgid "The license for the package" +msgstr "包的许可证" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:108 +msgid "*keywords*" +msgstr "*keywords*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:108 +msgid "Descriptive meta-data, see :pep:`314`" +msgstr "描述性的元数据，参见 :pep:`314`" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:108 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:111 +msgid "a list of strings or a comma-separated string" +msgstr "字符串列表或逗号分隔的字符串" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:111 +msgid "*platforms*" +msgstr "*platforms*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:113 +msgid "*cmdclass*" +msgstr "*cmdclass*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:113 +msgid "A mapping of command names to :class:`Command` subclasses" +msgstr "一个从命令名称到 :class:`Command` 子类的映射" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:116 +msgid "*data_files*" +msgstr "*data_files*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:116 +msgid "A list of data files to install" +msgstr "要安装的数据文件列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:116 +msgid "a list" +msgstr "列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:119 +msgid "*package_dir*" +msgstr "*package_dir*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:119 +msgid "A mapping of package to directory names" +msgstr "一个从包到目录名称的映射" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Run a setup script in a somewhat controlled environment, and return the " +":class:`distutils.dist.Distribution` instance that drives things. This is " +"useful if you need to find out the distribution meta-data (passed as " +"keyword args from *script* to :func:`setup`), or the contents of the config" +" files or command-line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:133 +msgid "" +"*script_name* is a file that will be read and run with :func:`exec`. " +"``sys.argv[0]`` will be replaced with *script* for the duration of the call." +" *script_args* is a list of strings; if supplied, ``sys.argv[1:]`` will be " +"replaced by *script_args* for the duration of the call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:138 +msgid "" +"*stop_after* tells :func:`setup` when to stop processing; possible values:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:143 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:562 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1606 +msgid "description" +msgstr "description" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:145 +msgid "*init*" +msgstr "*init*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Stop after the :class:`Distribution` instance has been created and " +"populated with the keyword arguments to :func:`setup`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:149 +msgid "*config*" +msgstr "*config*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Stop after config files have been parsed (and their data stored in the " +":class:`Distribution` instance)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:153 +msgid "*commandline*" +msgstr "*commandline*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Stop after the command-line (``sys.argv[1:]`` or *script_args*) have been " +"parsed (and the data stored in the :class:`Distribution` instance.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:158 +msgid "*run*" +msgstr "*run*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Stop after all commands have been run (the same as if :func:`setup` had " +"been called in the usual way). This is the default value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:164 +msgid "" +"In addition, the :mod:`distutils.core` module exposed a number of classes " +"that live elsewhere." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:167 +msgid "" +":class:`~distutils.extension.Extension` from :mod:`distutils.extension`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:169 +msgid ":class:`~distutils.cmd.Command` from :mod:`distutils.cmd`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:171 +msgid ":class:`~distutils.dist.Distribution` from :mod:`distutils.dist`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:173 +msgid "" +"A short description of each of these follows, but see the relevant module " +"for the full reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:179 +msgid "" +"The Extension class describes a single C or C++ extension module in a setup " +"script. It accepts the following keyword arguments in its constructor:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:187 +msgid "" +"the full name of the extension, including any packages --- ie. *not* a " +"filename or pathname, but Python dotted name" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:193 +msgid "*sources*" +msgstr "*sources*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:193 +msgid "" +"list of source filenames, relative to the distribution root (where the setup" +" script lives), in Unix form (slash-separated) for portability. Source files" +" may be C, C++, SWIG (.i), platform-specific resource files, or whatever " +"else is recognized by the :command:`build_ext` command as source for a " +"Python extension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:207 +msgid "*include_dirs*" +msgstr "*include_dirs*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:207 +msgid "" +"list of directories to search for C/C++ header files (in Unix form for " +"portability)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:211 +msgid "*define_macros*" +msgstr "*define_macros*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:211 +msgid "" +"list of macros to define; each macro is defined using a 2-tuple ``(name, " +"value)``, where *value* is either the string to define it to or ``None`` to " +"define it without a particular value (equivalent of ``#define FOO`` in " +"source or :option:`!-DFOO` on Unix C compiler command line)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:211 +msgid "a list of tuples" +msgstr "元组列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:223 +msgid "*undef_macros*" +msgstr "*undef_macros*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:223 +msgid "list of macros to undefine explicitly" +msgstr "要明确取消定义的宏列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:226 +msgid "*library_dirs*" +msgstr "*library_dirs*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:226 +msgid "list of directories to search for C/C++ libraries at link time" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:230 +msgid "*libraries*" +msgstr "*libraries*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:230 +msgid "list of library names (not filenames or paths) to link against" +msgstr "要链接的库名列表（不是文件名或路径）" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:234 +msgid "*runtime_library_dirs*" +msgstr "*runtime_library_dirs*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:234 +msgid "" +"list of directories to search for C/C++ libraries at run time (for shared " +"extensions, this is when the extension is loaded)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:240 +msgid "*extra_objects*" +msgstr "*extra_objects*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:240 +msgid "" +"list of extra files to link with (eg. object files not implied by 'sources'," +" static library that must be explicitly specified, binary resource files, " +"etc.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:247 +msgid "*extra_compile_args*" +msgstr "*extra_compile_args*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:247 +msgid "" +"any extra platform- and compiler-specific information to use when compiling " +"the source files in 'sources'. For platforms and compilers where a command " +"line makes sense, this is typically a list of command-line arguments, but " +"for other platforms it could be anything." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:258 +msgid "*extra_link_args*" +msgstr "*extra_link_args*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:258 +msgid "" +"any extra platform- and compiler-specific information to use when linking " +"object files together to create the extension (or to create a new static " +"Python interpreter). Similar interpretation as for 'extra_compile_args'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:267 +msgid "*export_symbols*" +msgstr "*export_symbols*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:267 +msgid "" +"list of symbols to be exported from a shared extension. Not used on all " +"platforms, and not generally necessary for Python extensions, which " +"typically export exactly one symbol: ``init`` + extension_name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:275 +msgid "*depends*" +msgstr "*depends*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:275 +msgid "list of files that the extension depends on" +msgstr "扩展名依赖的文件列表" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:278 +msgid "*language*" +msgstr "*language*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:278 +msgid "" +"extension language (i.e. ``'c'``, ``'c++'``, ``'objc'``). Will be detected " +"from the source extensions if not provided." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:284 +msgid "*optional*" +msgstr "*optional*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:284 +msgid "" +"specifies that a build failure in the extension should not abort the build " +"process, but simply skip the extension." +msgstr "指定扩展中的构建失败不应中止构建过程，而只是跳过扩展。" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:284 +msgid "a boolean" +msgstr "布尔" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:292 +msgid "" +"On Unix, C extensions are no longer linked to libpython except on Android " +"and Cygwin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:298 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Distribution` describes how to build, install and package up a " +"Python software package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:301 +msgid "" +"See the :func:`setup` function for a list of keyword arguments accepted by " +"the Distribution constructor. :func:`setup` creates a Distribution instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:304 +msgid "" +":class:`~distutils.core.Distribution` now warns if ``classifiers``, " +"``keywords`` and ``platforms`` fields are not specified as a list or a " +"string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:311 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Command` class (or rather, an instance of one of its subclasses) " +"implement a single distutils command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:316 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.ccompiler` --- CCompiler base class" +msgstr ":mod:`distutils.ccompiler` --- CCompiler基类" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:322 +msgid "" +"This module provides the abstract base class for the :class:`CCompiler` " +"classes. A :class:`CCompiler` instance can be used for all the compile and" +" link steps needed to build a single project. Methods are provided to set " +"options for the compiler --- macro definitions, include directories, link " +"path, libraries and the like." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:328 +msgid "This module provides the following functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:333 +msgid "" +"Generate linker options for searching library directories and linking with " +"specific libraries. *libraries* and *library_dirs* are, respectively, lists" +" of library names (not filenames!) and search directories. Returns a list " +"of command-line options suitable for use with some compiler (depending on " +"the two format strings passed in)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Generate C pre-processor options (:option:`!-D`, :option:`!-U`, " +":option:`!-I`) as used by at least two types of compilers: the typical Unix " +"compiler and Visual C++. *macros* is the usual thing, a list of 1- or " +"2-tuples, where ``(name,)`` means undefine (:option:`!-U`) macro *name*, and" +" ``(name, value)`` means define (:option:`!-D`) macro *name* to *value*. " +"*include_dirs* is just a list of directory names to be added to the header " +"file search path (:option:`!-I`). Returns a list of command-line options " +"suitable for either Unix compilers or Visual C++." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:354 +msgid "Determine the default compiler to use for the given platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:356 +msgid "" +"*osname* should be one of the standard Python OS names (i.e. the ones " +"returned by ``os.name``) and *platform* the common value returned by " +"``sys.platform`` for the platform in question." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:360 +msgid "" +"The default values are ``os.name`` and ``sys.platform`` in case the " +"parameters are not given." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Factory function to generate an instance of some CCompiler subclass for the " +"supplied platform/compiler combination. *plat* defaults to ``os.name`` (eg. " +"``'posix'``, ``'nt'``), and *compiler* defaults to the default compiler for" +" that platform. Currently only ``'posix'`` and ``'nt'`` are supported, and " +"the default compilers are \"traditional Unix interface\" " +"(:class:`UnixCCompiler` class) and Visual C++ (:class:`MSVCCompiler` class)." +" Note that it's perfectly possible to ask for a Unix compiler object under " +"Windows, and a Microsoft compiler object under Unix---if you supply a value " +"for *compiler*, *plat* is ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Print list of available compilers (used by the :option:`!--help-compiler` " +"options to :command:`build`, :command:`build_ext`, :command:`build_clib`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:388 +msgid "" +"The abstract base class :class:`CCompiler` defines the interface that must " +"be implemented by real compiler classes. The class also has some utility " +"methods used by several compiler classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:392 +msgid "" +"The basic idea behind a compiler abstraction class is that each instance can" +" be used for all the compile/link steps in building a single project. Thus," +" attributes common to all of those compile and link steps --- include " +"directories, macros to define, libraries to link against, etc. --- are " +"attributes of the compiler instance. To allow for variability in how " +"individual files are treated, most of those attributes may be varied on a " +"per-compilation or per-link basis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:400 +msgid "" +"The constructor for each subclass creates an instance of the Compiler " +"object. Flags are *verbose* (show verbose output), *dry_run* (don't actually" +" execute the steps) and *force* (rebuild everything, regardless of " +"dependencies). All of these flags default to ``0`` (off). Note that you " +"probably don't want to instantiate :class:`CCompiler` or one of its " +"subclasses directly - use the :func:`distutils.CCompiler.new_compiler` " +"factory function instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:407 +msgid "" +"The following methods allow you to manually alter compiler options for the " +"instance of the Compiler class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Add *dir* to the list of directories that will be searched for header files." +" The compiler is instructed to search directories in the order in which they" +" are supplied by successive calls to :meth:`add_include_dir`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Set the list of directories that will be searched to *dirs* (a list of " +"strings). Overrides any preceding calls to :meth:`add_include_dir`; " +"subsequent calls to :meth:`add_include_dir` add to the list passed to " +":meth:`set_include_dirs`. This does not affect any list of standard include " +"directories that the compiler may search by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:429 +msgid "" +"Add *libname* to the list of libraries that will be included in all links " +"driven by this compiler object. Note that *libname* should \\*not\\* be the" +" name of a file containing a library, but the name of the library itself: " +"the actual filename will be inferred by the linker, the compiler, or the " +"compiler class (depending on the platform)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:435 +msgid "" +"The linker will be instructed to link against libraries in the order they " +"were supplied to :meth:`add_library` and/or :meth:`set_libraries`. It is " +"perfectly valid to duplicate library names; the linker will be instructed to" +" link against libraries as many times as they are mentioned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:443 +msgid "" +"Set the list of libraries to be included in all links driven by this " +"compiler object to *libnames* (a list of strings). This does not affect any" +" standard system libraries that the linker may include by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:450 +msgid "" +"Add *dir* to the list of directories that will be searched for libraries " +"specified to :meth:`add_library` and :meth:`set_libraries`. The linker will" +" be instructed to search for libraries in the order they are supplied to " +":meth:`add_library_dir` and/or :meth:`set_library_dirs`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Set the list of library search directories to *dirs* (a list of strings). " +"This does not affect any standard library search path that the linker may " +"search by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:465 +msgid "" +"Add *dir* to the list of directories that will be searched for shared " +"libraries at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:471 +msgid "" +"Set the list of directories to search for shared libraries at runtime to " +"*dirs* (a list of strings). This does not affect any standard search path " +"that the runtime linker may search by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Define a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by this compiler " +"object. The optional parameter *value* should be a string; if it is not " +"supplied, then the macro will be defined without an explicit value and the " +"exact outcome depends on the compiler used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:488 +msgid "" +"Undefine a preprocessor macro for all compilations driven by this compiler " +"object. If the same macro is defined by :meth:`define_macro` and undefined " +"by :meth:`undefine_macro` the last call takes precedence (including multiple" +" redefinitions or undefinitions). If the macro is redefined/undefined on a " +"per-compilation basis (ie. in the call to :meth:`compile`), then that takes " +"precedence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:498 +msgid "" +"Add *object* to the list of object files (or analogues, such as explicitly " +"named library files or the output of \"resource compilers\") to be included " +"in every link driven by this compiler object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Set the list of object files (or analogues) to be included in every link to " +"*objects*. This does not affect any standard object files that the linker " +"may include by default (such as system libraries)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:509 +msgid "" +"The following methods implement methods for autodetection of compiler " +"options, providing some functionality similar to GNU :program:`autoconf`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:515 +msgid "" +"Detect the language of a given file, or list of files. Uses the instance " +"attributes :attr:`language_map` (a dictionary), and :attr:`language_order` " +"(a list) to do the job." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:522 +msgid "" +"Search the specified list of directories for a static or shared library file" +" *lib* and return the full path to that file. If *debug* is true, look for " +"a debugging version (if that makes sense on the current platform). Return " +"``None`` if *lib* wasn't found in any of the specified directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Return a boolean indicating whether *funcname* is supported on the current " +"platform. The optional arguments can be used to augment the compilation " +"environment by providing additional include files and paths and libraries " +"and paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Return the compiler option to add *dir* to the list of directories searched " +"for libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Return the compiler option to add *lib* to the list of libraries linked into" +" the shared library or executable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Return the compiler option to add *dir* to the list of directories searched " +"for runtime libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:556 +msgid "" +"Define the executables (and options for them) that will be run to perform " +"the various stages of compilation. The exact set of executables that may be" +" specified here depends on the compiler class (via the 'executables' class " +"attribute), but most will have:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:562 +msgid "attribute" +msgstr "attribute -- 属性" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:564 +msgid "*compiler*" +msgstr "*compiler*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:564 +msgid "the C/C++ compiler" +msgstr "C/C++ 编译器" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:566 +msgid "*linker_so*" +msgstr "*linker_so*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:566 +msgid "linker used to create shared objects and libraries" +msgstr "用于创建共享对象和库的链接器" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:569 +msgid "*linker_exe*" +msgstr "*linker_exe*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:569 +msgid "linker used to create binary executables" +msgstr "用于创建二进制可执行文件的链接器" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:571 +msgid "*archiver*" +msgstr "*archiver*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:571 +msgid "static library creator" +msgstr "静态库创建者" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:574 +msgid "" +"On platforms with a command-line (Unix, DOS/Windows), each of these is a " +"string that will be split into executable name and (optional) list of " +"arguments. (Splitting the string is done similarly to how Unix shells " +"operate: words are delimited by spaces, but quotes and backslashes can " +"override this. See :func:`distutils.util.split_quoted`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:580 +msgid "The following methods invoke stages in the build process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:585 +msgid "" +"Compile one or more source files. Generates object files (e.g. transforms a" +" :file:`.c` file to a :file:`.o` file.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:588 +msgid "" +"*sources* must be a list of filenames, most likely C/C++ files, but in " +"reality anything that can be handled by a particular compiler and compiler " +"class (eg. :class:`MSVCCompiler` can handle resource files in *sources*). " +"Return a list of object filenames, one per source filename in *sources*. " +"Depending on the implementation, not all source files will necessarily be " +"compiled, but all corresponding object filenames will be returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:595 +msgid "" +"If *output_dir* is given, object files will be put under it, while retaining" +" their original path component. That is, :file:`foo/bar.c` normally " +"compiles to :file:`foo/bar.o` (for a Unix implementation); if *output_dir* " +"is *build*, then it would compile to :file:`build/foo/bar.o`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:600 +msgid "" +"*macros*, if given, must be a list of macro definitions. A macro definition" +" is either a ``(name, value)`` 2-tuple or a ``(name,)`` 1-tuple. The former " +"defines a macro; if the value is ``None``, the macro is defined without an " +"explicit value. The 1-tuple case undefines a macro. Later " +"definitions/redefinitions/undefinitions take precedence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:606 +msgid "" +"*include_dirs*, if given, must be a list of strings, the directories to add " +"to the default include file search path for this compilation only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:609 +msgid "" +"*debug* is a boolean; if true, the compiler will be instructed to output " +"debug symbols in (or alongside) the object file(s)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:612 +msgid "" +"*extra_preargs* and *extra_postargs* are implementation-dependent. On " +"platforms that have the notion of a command-line (e.g. Unix, DOS/Windows), " +"they are most likely lists of strings: extra command-line arguments to " +"prepend/append to the compiler command line. On other platforms, consult " +"the implementation class documentation. In any event, they are intended as " +"an escape hatch for those occasions when the abstract compiler framework " +"doesn't cut the mustard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:619 +msgid "" +"*depends*, if given, is a list of filenames that all targets depend on. If " +"a source file is older than any file in depends, then the source file will " +"be recompiled. This supports dependency tracking, but only at a coarse " +"granularity." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:624 +msgid "Raises :exc:`CompileError` on failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:629 +msgid "" +"Link a bunch of stuff together to create a static library file. The \"bunch " +"of stuff\" consists of the list of object files supplied as *objects*, the " +"extra object files supplied to :meth:`add_link_object` and/or " +":meth:`set_link_objects`, the libraries supplied to :meth:`add_library` " +"and/or :meth:`set_libraries`, and the libraries supplied as *libraries* (if " +"any)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:635 +msgid "" +"*output_libname* should be a library name, not a filename; the filename will" +" be inferred from the library name. *output_dir* is the directory where the" +" library file will be put." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:641 +msgid "" +"*debug* is a boolean; if true, debugging information will be included in the" +" library (note that on most platforms, it is the compile step where this " +"matters: the *debug* flag is included here just for consistency)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:645 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:687 +msgid "" +"*target_lang* is the target language for which the given objects are being " +"compiled. This allows specific linkage time treatment of certain languages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:648 +msgid "Raises :exc:`LibError` on failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Link a bunch of stuff together to create an executable or shared library " +"file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:655 +msgid "" +"The \"bunch of stuff\" consists of the list of object files supplied as " +"*objects*. *output_filename* should be a filename. If *output_dir* is " +"supplied, *output_filename* is relative to it (i.e. *output_filename* can " +"provide directory components if needed)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:660 +msgid "" +"*libraries* is a list of libraries to link against. These are library " +"names, not filenames, since they're translated into filenames in a platform-" +"specific way (eg. *foo* becomes :file:`libfoo.a` on Unix and :file:`foo.lib`" +" on DOS/Windows). However, they can include a directory component, which " +"means the linker will look in that specific directory rather than searching " +"all the normal locations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:667 +msgid "" +"*library_dirs*, if supplied, should be a list of directories to search for " +"libraries that were specified as bare library names (ie. no directory " +"component). These are on top of the system default and those supplied to " +":meth:`add_library_dir` and/or :meth:`set_library_dirs`. " +"*runtime_library_dirs* is a list of directories that will be embedded into " +"the shared library and used to search for other shared libraries that " +"\\*it\\* depends on at run-time. (This may only be relevant on Unix.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:675 +msgid "" +"*export_symbols* is a list of symbols that the shared library will export. " +"(This appears to be relevant only on Windows.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:678 +msgid "" +"*debug* is as for :meth:`compile` and :meth:`create_static_lib`, with the " +"slight distinction that it actually matters on most platforms (as opposed to" +" :meth:`create_static_lib`, which includes a *debug* flag mostly for form's " +"sake)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:683 +msgid "" +"*extra_preargs* and *extra_postargs* are as for :meth:`compile` (except of " +"course that they supply command-line arguments for the particular linker " +"being used)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:690 +msgid "Raises :exc:`LinkError` on failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Link an executable. *output_progname* is the name of the file executable, " +"while *objects* are a list of object filenames to link in. Other arguments " +"are as for the :meth:`link` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:702 +msgid "" +"Link a shared library. *output_libname* is the name of the output library, " +"while *objects* is a list of object filenames to link in. Other arguments " +"are as for the :meth:`link` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:709 +msgid "" +"Link a shared object. *output_filename* is the name of the shared object " +"that will be created, while *objects* is a list of object filenames to link" +" in. Other arguments are as for the :meth:`link` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:716 +msgid "" +"Preprocess a single C/C++ source file, named in *source*. Output will be " +"written to file named *output_file*, or *stdout* if *output_file* not " +"supplied. *macros* is a list of macro definitions as for :meth:`compile`, " +"which will augment the macros set with :meth:`define_macro` and " +":meth:`undefine_macro`. *include_dirs* is a list of directory names that " +"will be added to the default list, in the same way as " +":meth:`add_include_dir`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:723 +msgid "Raises :exc:`PreprocessError` on failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The following utility methods are defined by the :class:`CCompiler` class, " +"for use by the various concrete subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:731 +msgid "" +"Returns the filename of the executable for the given *basename*. Typically " +"for non-Windows platforms this is the same as the basename, while Windows " +"will get a :file:`.exe` added." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:738 +msgid "" +"Returns the filename for the given library name on the current platform. On " +"Unix a library with *lib_type* of ``'static'`` will typically be of the " +"form :file:`liblibname.a`, while a *lib_type* of ``'dynamic'`` will be of " +"the form :file:`liblibname.so`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:746 +msgid "" +"Returns the name of the object files for the given source files. " +"*source_filenames* should be a list of filenames." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:752 +msgid "" +"Returns the name of a shared object file for the given file name *basename*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Invokes :func:`distutils.util.execute`. This method invokes a Python " +"function *func* with the given arguments *args*, after logging and taking " +"into account the *dry_run* flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:764 +msgid "" +"Invokes :func:`distutils.util.spawn`. This invokes an external process to " +"run the given command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:770 +msgid "" +"Invokes :func:`distutils.dir_util.mkpath`. This creates a directory and any" +" missing ancestor directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:776 +msgid "" +"Invokes :meth:`distutils.file_util.move_file`. Renames *src* to *dst*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:781 +msgid "Write a message using :func:`distutils.log.debug`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:786 +msgid "Write a warning message *msg* to standard error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:791 +msgid "" +"If the *debug* flag is set on this :class:`CCompiler` instance, print *msg*" +" to standard output, otherwise do nothing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:803 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.unixccompiler` --- Unix C Compiler" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:809 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :class:`UnixCCompiler` class, a subclass of " +":class:`CCompiler` that handles the typical Unix-style command-line C " +"compiler:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:812 +msgid "macros defined with :option:`!-Dname[=value]`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:814 +msgid "macros undefined with :option:`!-Uname`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:816 +msgid "include search directories specified with :option:`!-Idir`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:818 +msgid "libraries specified with :option:`!-llib`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:820 +msgid "library search directories specified with :option:`!-Ldir`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:822 +msgid "" +"compile handled by :program:`cc` (or similar) executable with :option:`!-c` " +"option: compiles :file:`.c` to :file:`.o`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:825 +msgid "" +"link static library handled by :program:`ar` command (possibly with " +":program:`ranlib`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:828 +msgid "link shared library handled by :program:`cc` :option:`!-shared`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:832 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.msvccompiler` --- Microsoft Compiler" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:839 +msgid "" +"This module provides :class:`MSVCCompiler`, an implementation of the " +"abstract :class:`CCompiler` class for Microsoft Visual Studio. Typically, " +"extension modules need to be compiled with the same compiler that was used " +"to compile Python. For Python 2.3 and earlier, the compiler was Visual " +"Studio 6. For Python 2.4 and 2.5, the compiler is Visual Studio .NET 2003." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:845 +msgid "" +":class:`MSVCCompiler` will normally choose the right compiler, linker etc. " +"on its own. To override this choice, the environment variables " +"*DISTUTILS_USE_SDK* and *MSSdk* must be both set. *MSSdk* indicates that the" +" current environment has been setup by the SDK's ``SetEnv.Cmd`` script, or " +"that the environment variables had been registered when the SDK was " +"installed; *DISTUTILS_USE_SDK* indicates that the distutils user has made an" +" explicit choice to override the compiler selection by " +":class:`MSVCCompiler`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:855 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.bcppcompiler` --- Borland Compiler" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:860 +msgid "" +"This module provides :class:`BorlandCCompiler`, a subclass of the abstract " +":class:`CCompiler` class for the Borland C++ compiler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:865 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.cygwincompiler` --- Cygwin Compiler" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:870 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :class:`CygwinCCompiler` class, a subclass of " +":class:`UnixCCompiler` that handles the Cygwin port of the GNU C compiler to" +" Windows. It also contains the Mingw32CCompiler class which handles the " +"mingw32 port of GCC (same as cygwin in no-cygwin mode)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:877 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.archive_util` --- Archiving utilities" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:883 +msgid "" +"This module provides a few functions for creating archive files, such as " +"tarballs or zipfiles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:889 +msgid "" +"Create an archive file (eg. ``zip`` or ``tar``). *base_name* is the name " +"of the file to create, minus any format-specific extension; *format* is the" +" archive format: one of ``zip``, ``tar``, ``gztar``, ``bztar``, ``xztar``, " +"or ``ztar``. *root_dir* is a directory that will be the root directory of " +"the archive; ie. we typically ``chdir`` into *root_dir* before creating the" +" archive. *base_dir* is the directory where we start archiving from; ie. " +"*base_dir* will be the common prefix of all files and directories in the " +"archive. *root_dir* and *base_dir* both default to the current directory. " +"Returns the name of the archive file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:899 +msgid "Added support for the ``xztar`` format." +msgstr "添加了对 ``xztar`` 格式的支持" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:905 +msgid "" +"'Create an (optional compressed) archive as a tar file from all files in and" +" under *base_dir*. *compress* must be ``'gzip'`` (the default), ``'bzip2'``," +" ``'xz'``, ``'compress'``, or ``None``. For the ``'compress'`` method the " +"compression utility named by :program:`compress` must be on the default " +"program search path, so this is probably Unix-specific. The output tar file" +" will be named :file:`base_dir.tar`, possibly plus the appropriate " +"compression extension (``.gz``, ``.bz2``, ``.xz`` or ``.Z``). Return the " +"output filename." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:914 +msgid "Added support for the ``xz`` compression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:920 +msgid "" +"Create a zip file from all files in and under *base_dir*. The output zip " +"file will be named *base_name* + :file:`.zip`. Uses either the " +":mod:`zipfile` Python module (if available) or the InfoZIP :file:`zip` " +"utility (if installed and found on the default search path). If neither " +"tool is available, raises :exc:`DistutilsExecError`. Returns the name of " +"the output zip file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:928 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.dep_util` --- Dependency checking" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:934 +msgid "" +"This module provides functions for performing simple, timestamp-based " +"dependency of files and groups of files; also, functions based entirely on " +"such timestamp dependency analysis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:941 +msgid "" +"Return true if *source* exists and is more recently modified than *target*, " +"or if *source* exists and *target* doesn't. Return false if both exist and " +"*target* is the same age or newer than *source*. Raise " +":exc:`DistutilsFileError` if *source* does not exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:949 +msgid "" +"Walk two filename lists in parallel, testing if each source is newer than " +"its corresponding target. Return a pair of lists (*sources*, *targets*) " +"where source is newer than target, according to the semantics of " +":func:`newer`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:958 +msgid "" +"Return true if *target* is out-of-date with respect to any file listed in " +"*sources*. In other words, if *target* exists and is newer than every file " +"in *sources*, return false; otherwise return true. *missing* controls what " +"we do when a source file is missing; the default (``'error'``) is to blow up" +" with an :exc:`OSError` from inside :func:`os.stat`; if it is ``'ignore'``," +" we silently drop any missing source files; if it is ``'newer'``, any " +"missing source files make us assume that *target* is out-of-date (this is " +"handy in \"dry-run\" mode: it'll make you pretend to carry out commands that" +" wouldn't work because inputs are missing, but that doesn't matter because " +"you're not actually going to run the commands)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:971 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.dir_util` --- Directory tree operations" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:977 +msgid "" +"This module provides functions for operating on directories and trees of " +"directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Create a directory and any missing ancestor directories. If the directory " +"already exists (or if *name* is the empty string, which means the current " +"directory, which of course exists), then do nothing. Raise " +":exc:`DistutilsFileError` if unable to create some directory along the way " +"(eg. some sub-path exists, but is a file rather than a directory). If " +"*verbose* is true, print a one-line summary of each mkdir to stdout. Return" +" the list of directories actually created." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:994 +msgid "" +"Create all the empty directories under *base_dir* needed to put *files* " +"there. *base_dir* is just the name of a directory which doesn't necessarily " +"exist yet; *files* is a list of filenames to be interpreted relative to " +"*base_dir*. *base_dir* + the directory portion of every file in *files* will" +" be created if it doesn't already exist. *mode*, *verbose* and *dry_run* " +"flags are as for :func:`mkpath`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"Copy an entire directory tree *src* to a new location *dst*. Both *src* and" +" *dst* must be directory names. If *src* is not a directory, raise " +":exc:`DistutilsFileError`. If *dst* does not exist, it is created with " +":func:`mkpath`. The end result of the copy is that every file in *src* is " +"copied to *dst*, and directories under *src* are recursively copied to " +"*dst*. Return the list of files that were copied or might have been copied, " +"using their output name. The return value is unaffected by *update* or " +"*dry_run*: it is simply the list of all files under *src*, with the names " +"changed to be under *dst*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"*preserve_mode* and *preserve_times* are the same as for " +":func:`distutils.file_util.copy_file`; note that they only apply to regular " +"files, not to directories. If *preserve_symlinks* is true, symlinks will be" +" copied as symlinks (on platforms that support them!); otherwise (the " +"default), the destination of the symlink will be copied. *update* and " +"*verbose* are the same as for :func:`copy_file`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"Files in *src* that begin with :file:`.nfs` are skipped (more information on" +" these files is available in answer D2 of the `NFS FAQ page " +"`_)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1026 +msgid "NFS files are ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"Recursively remove *directory* and all files and directories underneath it. " +"Any errors are ignored (apart from being reported to ``sys.stdout`` if " +"*verbose* is true)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1037 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.file_util` --- Single file operations" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"This module contains some utility functions for operating on individual " +"files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"Copy file *src* to *dst*. If *dst* is a directory, then *src* is copied " +"there with the same name; otherwise, it must be a filename. (If the file " +"exists, it will be ruthlessly clobbered.) If *preserve_mode* is true (the " +"default), the file's mode (type and permission bits, or whatever is " +"analogous on the current platform) is copied. If *preserve_times* is true " +"(the default), the last-modified and last-access times are copied as well. " +"If *update* is true, *src* will only be copied if *dst* does not exist, or " +"if *dst* does exist but is older than *src*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"*link* allows you to make hard links (using :func:`os.link`) or symbolic " +"links (using :func:`os.symlink`) instead of copying: set it to ``'hard'`` or" +" ``'sym'``; if it is ``None`` (the default), files are copied. Don't set " +"*link* on systems that don't support it: :func:`copy_file` doesn't check if " +"hard or symbolic linking is available. It uses :func:`_copy_file_contents` " +"to copy file contents." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple ``(dest_name, copied)``: *dest_name* is the actual name of " +"the output file, and *copied* is true if the file was copied (or would have" +" been copied, if *dry_run* true)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"Move file *src* to *dst*. If *dst* is a directory, the file will be moved " +"into it with the same name; otherwise, *src* is just renamed to *dst*. " +"Returns the new full name of the file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"Handles cross-device moves on Unix using :func:`copy_file`. What about " +"other systems?" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"Create a file called *filename* and write *contents* (a sequence of strings " +"without line terminators) to it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1095 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.util` --- Miscellaneous other utility functions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"This module contains other assorted bits and pieces that don't fit into any" +" other utility module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Return a string that identifies the current platform. This is used mainly " +"to distinguish platform-specific build directories and platform-specific " +"built distributions. Typically includes the OS name and version and the " +"architecture (as supplied by 'os.uname()'), although the exact information " +"included depends on the OS; e.g., on Linux, the kernel version isn't " +"particularly important." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1114 +msgid "Examples of returned values:" +msgstr "返回值的示例：" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1116 +msgid "``linux-i586``" +msgstr "``linux-i586``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1117 +msgid "``linux-alpha``" +msgstr "``linux-alpha``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1118 +msgid "``solaris-2.6-sun4u``" +msgstr "``solaris-2.6-sun4u``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1120 +msgid "For non-POSIX platforms, currently just returns ``sys.platform``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"For macOS systems the OS version reflects the minimal version on which " +"binaries will run (that is, the value of ``MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`` during" +" the build of Python), not the OS version of the current system." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"For universal binary builds on macOS the architecture value reflects the " +"universal binary status instead of the architecture of the current " +"processor. For 32-bit universal binaries the architecture is ``fat``, for " +"64-bit universal binaries the architecture is ``fat64``, and for 4-way " +"universal binaries the architecture is ``universal``. Starting from Python " +"2.7 and Python 3.2 the architecture ``fat3`` is used for a 3-way universal " +"build (ppc, i386, x86_64) and ``intel`` is used for a universal build with " +"the i386 and x86_64 architectures" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1135 +msgid "Examples of returned values on macOS:" +msgstr "macOS 上的返回值示例:" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1137 +msgid "``macosx-10.3-ppc``" +msgstr "``macosx-10.3-ppc``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1139 +msgid "``macosx-10.3-fat``" +msgstr "``macosx-10.3-fat``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1141 +msgid "``macosx-10.5-universal``" +msgstr "``macosx-10.5-universal``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1143 +msgid "``macosx-10.6-intel``" +msgstr "``macosx-10.6-intel``" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"For AIX, Python 3.9 and later return a string starting with \"aix\", " +"followed by additional fields (separated by ``'-'``) that represent the " +"combined values of AIX Version, Release and Technology Level (first field), " +"Build Date (second field), and bit-size (third field). Python 3.8 and " +"earlier returned only a single additional field with the AIX Version and " +"Release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1151 +msgid "Examples of returned values on AIX:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"``aix-5307-0747-32`` # 32-bit build on AIX ``oslevel -s``: 5300-07-00-0000" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1155 +msgid "" +"``aix-7105-1731-64`` # 64-bit build on AIX ``oslevel -s``: 7100-05-01-1731" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1157 +msgid "``aix-7.2`` # Legacy form reported in Python 3.8 and earlier" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1159 +msgid "" +"The AIX platform string format now also includes the technology level, build" +" date, and ABI bit-size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"Return 'pathname' as a name that will work on the native filesystem, i.e. " +"split it on '/' and put it back together again using the current directory " +"separator. Needed because filenames in the setup script are always supplied " +"in Unix style, and have to be converted to the local convention before we " +"can actually use them in the filesystem. Raises :exc:`ValueError` on non-" +"Unix-ish systems if *pathname* either starts or ends with a slash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"Return *pathname* with *new_root* prepended. If *pathname* is relative, " +"this is equivalent to ``os.path.join(new_root,pathname)`` Otherwise, it " +"requires making *pathname* relative and then joining the two, which is " +"tricky on DOS/Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"Ensure that 'os.environ' has all the environment variables we guarantee that" +" users can use in config files, command-line options, etc. Currently this " +"includes:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1187 +msgid ":envvar:`HOME` - user's home directory (Unix only)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1188 +msgid "" +":envvar:`PLAT` - description of the current platform, including hardware and" +" OS (see :func:`get_platform`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1194 +msgid "" +"Perform shell/Perl-style variable substitution on *s*. Every occurrence of " +"``$`` followed by a name is considered a variable, and variable is " +"substituted by the value found in the *local_vars* dictionary, or in " +"``os.environ`` if it's not in *local_vars*. *os.environ* is first " +"checked/augmented to guarantee that it contains certain values: see " +":func:`check_environ`. Raise :exc:`ValueError` for any variables not found " +"in either *local_vars* or ``os.environ``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1201 +msgid "" +"Note that this is not a full-fledged string interpolation function. A valid " +"``$variable`` can consist only of upper and lower case letters, numbers and " +"an underscore. No { } or ( ) style quoting is available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1208 +msgid "" +"Split a string up according to Unix shell-like rules for quotes and " +"backslashes. In short: words are delimited by spaces, as long as those " +"spaces are not escaped by a backslash, or inside a quoted string. Single and" +" double quotes are equivalent, and the quote characters can be backslash-" +"escaped. The backslash is stripped from any two-character escape sequence, " +"leaving only the escaped character. The quote characters are stripped from " +"any quoted string. Returns a list of words." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"Perform some action that affects the outside world (for instance, writing to" +" the filesystem). Such actions are special because they are disabled by the" +" *dry_run* flag. This method takes care of all that bureaucracy for you; " +"all you have to do is supply the function to call and an argument tuple for " +"it (to embody the \"external action\" being performed), and an optional " +"message to print." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1230 +msgid "Convert a string representation of truth to true (1) or false (0)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"True values are ``y``, ``yes``, ``t``, ``true``, ``on`` and ``1``; false " +"values are ``n``, ``no``, ``f``, ``false``, ``off`` and ``0``. Raises " +":exc:`ValueError` if *val* is anything else." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1239 +msgid "" +"Byte-compile a collection of Python source files to :file:`.pyc` files in a " +":file:`__pycache__` subdirectory (see :pep:`3147` and :pep:`488`). " +"*py_files* is a list of files to compile; any files that don't end in " +":file:`.py` are silently skipped. *optimize* must be one of the following:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1244 +msgid "``0`` - don't optimize" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1245 +msgid "``1`` - normal optimization (like ``python -O``)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1246 +msgid "``2`` - extra optimization (like ``python -OO``)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1248 +msgid "If *force* is true, all files are recompiled regardless of timestamps." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1250 +msgid "" +"The source filename encoded in each :term:`bytecode` file defaults to the " +"filenames listed in *py_files*; you can modify these with *prefix* and " +"*basedir*. *prefix* is a string that will be stripped off of each source " +"filename, and *base_dir* is a directory name that will be prepended (after " +"*prefix* is stripped). You can supply either or both (or neither) of " +"*prefix* and *base_dir*, as you wish." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"If *dry_run* is true, doesn't actually do anything that would affect the " +"filesystem." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"Byte-compilation is either done directly in this interpreter process with " +"the standard :mod:`py_compile` module, or indirectly by writing a temporary " +"script and executing it. Normally, you should let :func:`byte_compile` " +"figure out to use direct compilation or not (see the source for details). " +"The *direct* flag is used by the script generated in indirect mode; unless " +"you know what you're doing, leave it set to ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Create ``.pyc`` files with an :func:`import magic tag ` in " +"their name, in a :file:`__pycache__` subdirectory instead of files without " +"tag in the current directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1272 +msgid "Create ``.pyc`` files according to :pep:`488`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Return a version of *header* escaped for inclusion in an :rfc:`822` header, " +"by ensuring there are 8 spaces space after each newline. Note that it does " +"no other modification of the string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1288 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.dist` --- The Distribution class" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1295 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :class:`~distutils.core.Distribution` class, which " +"represents the module distribution being built/installed/distributed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1300 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.extension` --- The Extension class" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :class:`Extension` class, used to describe C/C++ " +"extension modules in setup scripts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1315 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.debug` --- Distutils debug mode" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1321 +msgid "This module provides the DEBUG flag." +msgstr "本模块提供DEBUG标识。" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1325 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.errors` --- Distutils exceptions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"Provides exceptions used by the Distutils modules. Note that Distutils " +"modules may raise standard exceptions; in particular, SystemExit is usually " +"raised for errors that are obviously the end-user's fault (eg. bad command-" +"line arguments)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1335 +msgid "" +"This module is safe to use in ``from ... import *`` mode; it only exports " +"symbols whose names start with ``Distutils`` and end with ``Error``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1340 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.fancy_getopt` --- Wrapper around the standard getopt module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1346 +msgid "" +"This module provides a wrapper around the standard :mod:`getopt` module " +"that provides the following additional features:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1349 +msgid "short and long options are tied together" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1351 +msgid "" +"options have help strings, so :func:`fancy_getopt` could potentially create" +" a complete usage summary" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1354 +msgid "options set attributes of a passed-in object" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"boolean options can have \"negative aliases\" --- eg. if :option:`!--quiet` " +"is the \"negative alias\" of :option:`!--verbose`, then :option:`!--quiet` " +"on the command line sets *verbose* to false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"Wrapper function. *options* is a list of ``(long_option, short_option, " +"help_string)`` 3-tuples as described in the constructor for " +":class:`FancyGetopt`. *negative_opt* should be a dictionary mapping option " +"names to option names, both the key and value should be in the *options* " +"list. *object* is an object which will be used to store values (see the " +":meth:`getopt` method of the :class:`FancyGetopt` class). *args* is the " +"argument list. Will use ``sys.argv[1:]`` if you pass ``None`` as *args*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1373 +msgid "Wraps *text* to less than *width* wide." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1378 +msgid "" +"The option_table is a list of 3-tuples: ``(long_option, short_option, " +"help_string)``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"If an option takes an argument, its *long_option* should have ``'='`` " +"appended; *short_option* should just be a single character, no ``':'`` in " +"any case. *short_option* should be ``None`` if a *long_option* doesn't have" +" a corresponding *short_option*. All option tuples must have long options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1386 +msgid "The :class:`FancyGetopt` class provides the following methods:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1391 +msgid "Parse command-line options in args. Store as attributes on *object*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"If *args* is ``None`` or not supplied, uses ``sys.argv[1:]``. If *object* " +"is ``None`` or not supplied, creates a new :class:`OptionDummy` instance, " +"stores option values there, and returns a tuple ``(args, object)``. If " +"*object* is supplied, it is modified in place and :func:`getopt` just " +"returns *args*; in both cases, the returned *args* is a modified copy of the" +" passed-in *args* list, which is left untouched." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1405 +msgid "" +"Returns the list of ``(option, value)`` tuples processed by the previous run" +" of :meth:`getopt` Raises :exc:`RuntimeError` if :meth:`getopt` hasn't been" +" called yet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"Generate help text (a list of strings, one per suggested line of output) " +"from the option table for this :class:`FancyGetopt` object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1415 +msgid "If supplied, prints the supplied *header* at the top of the help." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1419 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.filelist` --- The FileList class" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :class:`FileList` class, used for poking about the " +"filesystem and building lists of files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1431 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.log` --- Simple :pep:`282`-style logging" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1438 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.spawn` --- Spawn a sub-process" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1444 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :func:`spawn` function, a front-end to various " +"platform-specific functions for launching another program in a sub-process." +" Also provides :func:`find_executable` to search the path for a given " +"executable name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1451 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.sysconfig` --- System configuration information" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1455 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.sysconfig` has been merged into :mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1462 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`distutils.sysconfig` module provides access to Python's low-level " +"configuration information. The specific configuration variables available " +"depend heavily on the platform and configuration. The specific variables " +"depend on the build process for the specific version of Python being run; " +"the variables are those found in the :file:`Makefile` and configuration " +"header that are installed with Python on Unix systems. The configuration " +"header is called :file:`pyconfig.h` for Python versions starting with 2.2, " +"and :file:`config.h` for earlier versions of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1471 +msgid "" +"Some additional functions are provided which perform some useful " +"manipulations for other parts of the :mod:`distutils` package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1477 +msgid "The result of ``os.path.normpath(sys.prefix)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1482 +msgid "The result of ``os.path.normpath(sys.exec_prefix)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1487 +msgid "" +"Return the value of a single variable. This is equivalent to " +"``get_config_vars().get(name)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1493 +msgid "" +"Return a set of variable definitions. If there are no arguments, this " +"returns a dictionary mapping names of configuration variables to values. If" +" arguments are provided, they should be strings, and the return value will " +"be a sequence giving the associated values. If a given name does not have a " +"corresponding value, ``None`` will be included for that variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"Return the full path name of the configuration header. For Unix, this will " +"be the header generated by the :program:`configure` script; for other " +"platforms the header will have been supplied directly by the Python source " +"distribution. The file is a platform-specific text file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"Return the full path name of the :file:`Makefile` used to build Python. For" +" Unix, this will be a file generated by the :program:`configure` script; the" +" meaning for other platforms will vary. The file is a platform-specific " +"text file, if it exists. This function is only useful on POSIX platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1515 +msgid "" +"The following functions are deprecated together with this module and they " +"have no direct replacement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1521 +msgid "" +"Return the directory for either the general or platform-dependent C include " +"files. If *plat_specific* is true, the platform-dependent include directory" +" is returned; if false or omitted, the platform-independent directory is " +"returned. If *prefix* is given, it is used as either the prefix instead of " +":const:`PREFIX`, or as the exec-prefix instead of :const:`EXEC_PREFIX` if " +"*plat_specific* is true." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1531 +msgid "" +"Return the directory for either the general or platform-dependent library " +"installation. If *plat_specific* is true, the platform-dependent include " +"directory is returned; if false or omitted, the platform-independent " +"directory is returned. If *prefix* is given, it is used as either the " +"prefix instead of :const:`PREFIX`, or as the exec-prefix instead of " +":const:`EXEC_PREFIX` if *plat_specific* is true. If *standard_lib* is true," +" the directory for the standard library is returned rather than the " +"directory for the installation of third-party extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"The following function is only intended for use within the :mod:`distutils` " +"package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"Do any platform-specific customization of a " +":class:`distutils.ccompiler.CCompiler` instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1549 +msgid "" +"This function is only needed on Unix at this time, but should be called " +"consistently to support forward-compatibility. It inserts the information " +"that varies across Unix flavors and is stored in Python's :file:`Makefile`." +" This information includes the selected compiler, compiler and linker " +"options, and the extension used by the linker for shared objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"This function is even more special-purpose, and should only be used from " +"Python's own build procedures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1561 +msgid "" +"Inform the :mod:`distutils.sysconfig` module that it is being used as part " +"of the build process for Python. This changes a lot of relative locations " +"for files, allowing them to be located in the build area rather than in an " +"installed Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1568 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.text_file` --- The TextFile class" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1574 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :class:`TextFile` class, which gives an interface " +"to text files that (optionally) takes care of stripping comments, ignoring " +"blank lines, and joining lines with backslashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1581 +msgid "" +"This class provides a file-like object that takes care of all the things " +"you commonly want to do when processing a text file that has some line-by-" +"line syntax: strip comments (as long as ``#`` is your comment character), " +"skip blank lines, join adjacent lines by escaping the newline (ie. backslash" +" at end of line), strip leading and/or trailing whitespace. All of these " +"are optional and independently controllable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1588 +msgid "" +"The class provides a :meth:`warn` method so you can generate warning " +"messages that report physical line number, even if the logical line in " +"question spans multiple physical lines. Also provides :meth:`unreadline` " +"for implementing line-at-a-time lookahead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1593 +msgid "" +":class:`TextFile` instances are create with either *filename*, *file*, or " +"both. :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised if both are ``None``. *filename* should " +"be a string, and *file* a file object (or something that provides " +":meth:`readline` and :meth:`close` methods). It is recommended that you " +"supply at least *filename*, so that :class:`TextFile` can include it in " +"warning messages. If *file* is not supplied, :class:`TextFile` creates its " +"own using the :func:`open` built-in function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1601 +msgid "" +"The options are all boolean, and affect the values returned by " +":meth:`readline`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1606 +msgid "option name" +msgstr "选项名称" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1606 +msgid "default" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1608 +msgid "*strip_comments*" +msgstr "*strip_comments*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"strip from ``'#'`` to end-of-line, as well as any whitespace leading up to " +"the ``'#'``\\ ---unless it is escaped by a backslash" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1608 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1617 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1622 +msgid "true" +msgstr "true" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1614 +msgid "*lstrip_ws*" +msgstr "*lstrip_ws*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1614 +msgid "strip leading whitespace from each line before returning it" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1614 ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1632 +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1643 +msgid "false" +msgstr "false" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1617 +msgid "*rstrip_ws*" +msgstr "*rstrip_ws*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1617 +msgid "" +"strip trailing whitespace (including line terminator!) from each line before" +" returning it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1622 +msgid "*skip_blanks*" +msgstr "*skip_blanks*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1622 +msgid "" +"skip lines that are empty \\*after\\* stripping comments and whitespace. " +"(If both lstrip_ws and rstrip_ws are false, then some lines may consist of " +"solely whitespace: these will \\*not\\* be skipped, even if *skip_blanks* is" +" true.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1632 +msgid "*join_lines*" +msgstr "*join_lines*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1632 +msgid "" +"if a backslash is the last non-newline character on a line after stripping " +"comments and whitespace, join the following line to it to form one logical " +"line; if N consecutive lines end with a backslash, then N+1 physical lines " +"will be joined to form one logical line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1643 +msgid "*collapse_join*" +msgstr "*collapse_join*" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1643 +msgid "" +"strip leading whitespace from lines that are joined to their predecessor; " +"only matters if ``(join_lines and not lstrip_ws)``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"Note that since *rstrip_ws* can strip the trailing newline, the semantics of" +" :meth:`readline` must differ from those of the built-in file object's " +":meth:`readline` method! In particular, :meth:`readline` returns ``None`` " +"for end-of-file: an empty string might just be a blank line (or an all-" +"whitespace line), if *rstrip_ws* is true but *skip_blanks* is not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1659 +msgid "" +"Open a new file *filename*. This overrides any *file* or *filename* " +"constructor arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"Close the current file and forget everything we know about it (including the" +" filename and the current line number)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1671 +msgid "" +"Print (to stderr) a warning message tied to the current logical line in the " +"current file. If the current logical line in the file spans multiple " +"physical lines, the warning refers to the whole range, such as ``\"lines " +"3-5\"``. If *line* is supplied, it overrides the current line number; it " +"may be a list or tuple to indicate a range of physical lines, or an integer" +" for a single physical line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1681 +msgid "" +"Read and return a single logical line from the current file (or from an " +"internal buffer if lines have previously been \"unread\" with " +":meth:`unreadline`). If the *join_lines* option is true, this may involve " +"reading multiple physical lines concatenated into a single string. Updates " +"the current line number, so calling :meth:`warn` after :meth:`readline` " +"emits a warning about the physical line(s) just read. Returns ``None`` on " +"end-of-file, since the empty string can occur if *rstrip_ws* is true but " +"*strip_blanks* is not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1692 +msgid "" +"Read and return the list of all logical lines remaining in the current file." +" This updates the current line number to the last line of the file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1698 +msgid "" +"Push *line* (a string) onto an internal buffer that will be checked by " +"future :meth:`readline` calls. Handy for implementing a parser with line-" +"at-a-time lookahead. Note that lines that are \"unread\" with " +":meth:`unreadline` are not subsequently re-cleansed (whitespace stripped, " +"or whatever) when read with :meth:`readline`. If multiple calls are made to " +":meth:`unreadline` before a call to :meth:`readline`, the lines will be " +"returned most in most recent first order." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1707 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.version` --- Version number classes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1722 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.cmd` --- Abstract base class for Distutils commands" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1729 +msgid "This module supplies the abstract base class :class:`Command`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"Abstract base class for defining command classes, the \"worker bees\" of the" +" Distutils. A useful analogy for command classes is to think of them as " +"subroutines with local variables called *options*. The options are declared" +" in :meth:`initialize_options` and defined (given their final values) in " +":meth:`finalize_options`, both of which must be defined by every command " +"class. The distinction between the two is necessary because option values " +"might come from the outside world (command line, config file, ...), and any " +"options dependent on other options must be computed after these outside " +"influences have been processed --- hence :meth:`finalize_options`. The body" +" of the subroutine, where it does all its work based on the values of its " +"options, is the :meth:`run` method, which must also be implemented by every " +"command class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1747 +msgid "" +"The class constructor takes a single argument *dist*, a " +":class:`~distutils.core.Distribution` instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1752 +msgid "Creating a new Distutils command" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1754 +msgid "This section outlines the steps to create a new Distutils command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1756 +msgid "" +"A new command lives in a module in the :mod:`distutils.command` package. " +"There is a sample template in that directory called " +":file:`command_template`. Copy this file to a new module with the same name" +" as the new command you're implementing. This module should implement a " +"class with the same name as the module (and the command). So, for instance," +" to create the command ``peel_banana`` (so that users can run ``setup.py " +"peel_banana``), you'd copy :file:`command_template` to " +":file:`distutils/command/peel_banana.py`, then edit it so that it's " +"implementing the class :class:`peel_banana`, a subclass of " +":class:`distutils.cmd.Command`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1766 +msgid "Subclasses of :class:`Command` must define the following methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1770 +msgid "" +"Set default values for all the options that this command supports. Note " +"that these defaults may be overridden by other commands, by the setup " +"script, by config files, or by the command-line. Thus, this is not the " +"place to code dependencies between options; generally, " +":meth:`initialize_options` implementations are just a bunch of ``self.foo = " +"None`` assignments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1779 +msgid "" +"Set final values for all the options that this command supports. This is " +"always called as late as possible, ie. after any option assignments from " +"the command-line or from other commands have been done. Thus, this is the " +"place to code option dependencies: if *foo* depends on *bar*, then it is " +"safe to set *foo* from *bar* as long as *foo* still has the same value it " +"was assigned in :meth:`initialize_options`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1789 +msgid "" +"A command's raison d'etre: carry out the action it exists to perform, " +"controlled by the options initialized in :meth:`initialize_options`, " +"customized by other commands, the setup script, the command-line, and config" +" files, and finalized in :meth:`finalize_options`. All terminal output and " +"filesystem interaction should be done by :meth:`run`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1798 +msgid "" +"*sub_commands* formalizes the notion of a \"family\" of commands, e.g. " +"``install`` as the parent with sub-commands ``install_lib``, " +"``install_headers``, etc. The parent of a family of commands defines " +"*sub_commands* as a class attribute; it's a list of 2-tuples " +"``(command_name, predicate)``, with *command_name* a string and *predicate* " +"a function, a string or ``None``. *predicate* is a method of the parent " +"command that determines whether the corresponding command is applicable in " +"the current situation. (E.g. ``install_headers`` is only applicable if we " +"have any C header files to install.) If *predicate* is ``None``, that " +"command is always applicable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"*sub_commands* is usually defined at the *end* of a class, because " +"predicates can be methods of the class, so they must already have been " +"defined. The canonical example is the :command:`install` command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1815 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command` --- Individual Distutils commands" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1826 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.bdist` --- Build a binary installer" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1836 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.bdist_packager` --- Abstract base class for " +"packagers" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1846 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.bdist_dumb` --- Build a \"dumb\" installer" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1856 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.bdist_msi` --- Build a Microsoft Installer binary " +"package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1863 +msgid "Use bdist_wheel (wheel packages) instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1866 +msgid "Builds a `Windows Installer`_ (.msi) binary package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1872 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.bdist_rpm` --- Build a binary distribution as a " +"Redhat RPM and SRPM" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1882 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.sdist` --- Build a source distribution" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1892 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.build` --- Build all files of a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1902 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.build_clib` --- Build any C libraries in a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1912 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.build_ext` --- Build any extensions in a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1922 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.build_py` --- Build the .py/.pyc files of a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1932 +msgid "" +"Alternative implementation of build_py which also runs the 2to3 conversion " +"library on each .py file that is going to be installed. To use this in a " +"setup.py file for a distribution that is designed to run with both Python " +"2.x and 3.x, add::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1942 +msgid "to your setup.py, and later::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1946 +msgid "to the invocation of setup()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1950 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.build_scripts` --- Build the scripts of a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1960 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.clean` --- Clean a package build area" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1965 +msgid "" +"This command removes the temporary files created by :command:`build` and its" +" subcommands, like intermediary compiled object files. With the ``--all`` " +"option, the complete build directory will be removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1969 +msgid "" +"Extension modules built :ref:`in place ` will " +"not be cleaned, as they are not in the build directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1974 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.config` --- Perform package configuration" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1984 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.install` --- Install a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:1994 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.install_data` --- Install data files from a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:2004 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.install_headers` --- Install C/C++ header files from" +" a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:2014 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.install_lib` --- Install library files from a " +"package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:2024 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.install_scripts` --- Install script files from a " +"package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:2034 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils.command.register` --- Register a module with the Python " +"Package Index" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:2040 +msgid "" +"The ``register`` command registers the package with the Python Package " +"Index. This is described in more detail in :pep:`301`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:2047 +msgid ":mod:`distutils.command.check` --- Check the meta-data of a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/apiref.rst:2053 +msgid "" +"The ``check`` command performs some tests on the meta-data of a package. For" +" example, it verifies that all required meta-data are provided as the " +"arguments passed to the :func:`setup` function." +msgstr "" diff --git a/distutils/builtdist.po b/distutils/builtdist.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2c01de9e --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/builtdist.po @@ -0,0 +1,805 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Siyuan Xu, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# meowmeowcat , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:5 +msgid "Creating Built Distributions" +msgstr "创建构建分发版" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:9 +msgid "" +"A \"built distribution\" is what you're probably used to thinking of either " +"as a \"binary package\" or an \"installer\" (depending on your background)." +" It's not necessarily binary, though, because it might contain only Python " +"source code and/or byte-code; and we don't call it a package, because that " +"word is already spoken for in Python. (And \"installer\" is a term specific" +" to the world of mainstream desktop systems.)" +msgstr "" +"“构建分发版”即你通常所认为的“二进制包”或“安装程序”（取决于你的技术背景）。 但它并不一定是二进制的，因为它可能只包含 Python " +"源代码和/或字节码；并且我们也不将其称为包，因为这个词在 Python 中已经被使用。 （而“安装程序”是主流桌面系统领域的一个专有术语。）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:16 +msgid "" +"A built distribution is how you make life as easy as possible for installers" +" of your module distribution: for users of RPM-based Linux systems, it's a " +"binary RPM; for Windows users, it's an executable installer; for Debian-" +"based Linux users, it's a Debian package; and so forth. Obviously, no one " +"person will be able to create built distributions for every platform under " +"the sun, so the Distutils are designed to enable module developers to " +"concentrate on their specialty---writing code and creating source " +"distributions---while an intermediary species called *packagers* springs up " +"to turn source distributions into built distributions for as many platforms " +"as there are packagers." +msgstr "" +"分发版可以让你的模块分发安装器尽可能地方便易用：对于基于 RPM 的 Linux 系统的用户，它将为二进制 RPM；对于 Windows " +"的用户，它将为可执行文件安装器；对于基于 Debian 的 Linux 用户，它将为 Debian 安装包；诸如此类。 " +"显然，没有人能为世界上所有的系统平台都构建分发版，因此 Distutils 被设计用来让模块开发者能够专注于他们的专长 --- " +"编写代码并创建源代码分发版 --- 而让另一群作为中介的 *打包者* 负责在尽可能多的受支持系统平台上将源代码分发版转换为构建分发版。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Of course, the module developer could be their own packager; or the packager" +" could be a volunteer \"out there\" somewhere who has access to a platform " +"which the original developer does not; or it could be software periodically " +"grabbing new source distributions and turning them into built distributions " +"for as many platforms as the software has access to. Regardless of who they" +" are, a packager uses the setup script and the :command:`bdist` command " +"family to generate built distributions." +msgstr "" +"当然，模块开发者可以是自己模块的打包者；或者打包者也可以是住在别处的“某一位”能够接触到原始开发者接触不到的特定系统平台的志愿者；或者还可以是一个定期抓取新的源代码分发版并在尽可能多的受支持系统平台上将其转换为构建分发版的软件。" +" 无论他们属于哪一种，打包者都会使用设置脚本和 :command:`bdist` 命令族来生成构建分发版。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:34 +msgid "" +"As a simple example, if I run the following command in the Distutils source " +"tree::" +msgstr "作为一个简单示例，如果我在 Distutils 源代码树中运行以下命令::" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:39 +msgid "" +"then the Distutils builds my module distribution (the Distutils itself in " +"this case), does a \"fake\" installation (also in the :file:`build` " +"directory), and creates the default type of built distribution for my " +"platform. The default format for built distributions is a \"dumb\" tar file" +" on Unix, and a simple executable installer on Windows. (That tar file is " +"considered \"dumb\" because it has to be unpacked in a specific location to " +"work.)" +msgstr "" +"则 Distutils 将构建我的模块分发版（在此情况下即 Distutils 本身），执行“模拟”安装（同样是在 :file:`build` " +"目录中），并为我的系统平台创建默认类型的构建分发版。 构建分发版的默认格式在 Unix 上是一个“非自动” tar 文件，而在 Windows " +"上则是一个简单的可执行文件安装器。 （此 tar 文件被称为“非自动”是因为它必须在指定的位置上解包方可使用。）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Thus, the above command on a Unix system creates " +":file:`Distutils-1.0.{plat}.tar.gz`; unpacking this tarball from the right " +"place installs the Distutils just as though you had downloaded the source " +"distribution and run ``python setup.py install``. (The \"right place\" is " +"either the root of the filesystem or Python's :file:`{prefix}` directory, " +"depending on the options given to the :command:`bdist_dumb` command; the " +"default is to make dumb distributions relative to :file:`{prefix}`.)" +msgstr "" +"这样，上述命令在 Unix 系统上将会创建 :file:`Distutils-1.0.{plat}.tar.gz`；在正确的位置上解包这个 tar " +"文件将会装好 Distutils，就像是你下载了源代码分发版并运行 ``python setup.py install`` 一样。 " +"（这个“正确的位置”可能是文件系统根目录或 Python 的 :file:`{prefix}` 目录，具体取决于提供给 " +":command:`bdist_dumb` 命令的选项；在默认情况下是相对于 :file:`{prefix}` 创建非自动颁发版。）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Obviously, for pure Python distributions, this isn't any simpler than just " +"running ``python setup.py install``\\ ---but for non-pure distributions, " +"which include extensions that would need to be compiled, it can mean the " +"difference between someone being able to use your extensions or not. And " +"creating \"smart\" built distributions, such as an RPM package or an " +"executable installer for Windows, is far more convenient for users even if " +"your distribution doesn't include any extensions." +msgstr "" +"显然，对于纯粹的 Python 分发版来说，这并不比运行 ``python setup.py install`` 更简单 --- " +"但是对于包括需要被编译的扩展的非纯粹的分发版来说，就可能是有人能使用你的扩展而有人不能使用的差别。 而创建“自动”构建分发版，例如 RPM 包或 " +"Windows 的可执行文件安装器，对于用户来说就会更加方便，即使你的分发版不包括任何扩展。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:62 +msgid "" +"The :command:`bdist` command has a :option:`!--formats` option, similar to " +"the :command:`sdist` command, which you can use to select the types of built" +" distribution to generate: for example, ::" +msgstr "" +":command:`bdist` 命令有一个 :option:`!--formats` 选项，与 :command:`sdist` " +"命令类似，你可以用该选项来选择要生成的构建分发版类型：例如，::" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:68 +msgid "" +"would, when run on a Unix system, create :file:`Distutils-1.0.{plat}.zip`\\ " +"---again, this archive would be unpacked from the root directory to install " +"the Distutils." +msgstr "" +"当在 Unix 系统上运行时，会再次创建 :file:`Distutils-1.0.{plat}.zip`，这个归档文件将从根目录被解包以安装 " +"Distutils。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:72 +msgid "The available formats for built distributions are:" +msgstr "构建分发版的可用格式有:" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:75 +msgid "Format" +msgstr "格式" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:75 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:75 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:77 +msgid "``gztar``" +msgstr "``gztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:77 +msgid "gzipped tar file (:file:`.tar.gz`)" +msgstr "gzipped tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.gz`)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:77 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:80 +msgid "``bztar``" +msgstr "``bztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:80 +msgid "bzipped tar file (:file:`.tar.bz2`)" +msgstr "bzipped tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.bz2`)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:83 +msgid "``xztar``" +msgstr "``xztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:83 +msgid "xzipped tar file (:file:`.tar.xz`)" +msgstr "xzipped tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.xz`)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:86 +msgid "``ztar``" +msgstr "``ztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:86 +msgid "compressed tar file (:file:`.tar.Z`)" +msgstr "压缩 tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.Z`)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:86 +msgid "\\(3)" +msgstr "\\(3)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:89 +msgid "``tar``" +msgstr "``tar``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:89 +msgid "tar file (:file:`.tar`)" +msgstr "tar 文件 (:file:`.tar`)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:91 +msgid "``zip``" +msgstr "``zip``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:91 +msgid "zip file (:file:`.zip`)" +msgstr "zip 文件 (:file:`.zip`)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:91 +msgid "(2),(4)" +msgstr "(2),(4)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:93 +msgid "``rpm``" +msgstr "``rpm``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:93 +msgid "RPM" +msgstr "RPM" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:93 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:95 +msgid "``pkgtool``" +msgstr "``pkgtool``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:95 +msgid "Solaris :program:`pkgtool`" +msgstr "Solaris :program:`pkgtool`" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:97 +msgid "``sdux``" +msgstr "``sdux``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:97 +msgid "HP-UX :program:`swinstall`" +msgstr "HP-UX :program:`swinstall`" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:99 +msgid "``msi``" +msgstr "``msi``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:99 +msgid "Microsoft Installer." +msgstr "Microsoft安装程序。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:102 +msgid "Added support for the ``xztar`` format." +msgstr "添加了对 ``xztar`` 格式的支持" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:106 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:109 +msgid "default on Unix" +msgstr "默认 Unix" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:112 +msgid "default on Windows" +msgstr "默认Windows" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:115 +msgid "requires external :program:`compress` utility." +msgstr "需要外部 :program:`compress` 工具。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:118 +msgid "" +"requires either external :program:`zip` utility or :mod:`zipfile` module " +"(part of the standard Python library since Python 1.6)" +msgstr "" +"需要有外部 :program:`zip` 工具或 :mod:`zipfile` 模块（自 Python 1.6 起是标准 Python 库的一部分）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:122 +msgid "" +"requires external :program:`rpm` utility, version 3.0.4 or better (use ``rpm" +" --version`` to find out which version you have)" +msgstr "" +"需要有外部 :program:`rpm` 工具，版本号为 3.0.4 或以上（可使用 ``rpm --version`` 查看你所使用的版本）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:125 +msgid "" +"You don't have to use the :command:`bdist` command with the :option:`!--" +"formats` option; you can also use the command that directly implements the " +"format you're interested in. Some of these :command:`bdist` \"sub-" +"commands\" actually generate several similar formats; for instance, the " +":command:`bdist_dumb` command generates all the \"dumb\" archive formats " +"(``tar``, ``gztar``, ``bztar``, ``xztar``, ``ztar``, and ``zip``), and " +":command:`bdist_rpm` generates both binary and source RPMs. The " +":command:`bdist` sub-commands, and the formats generated by each, are:" +msgstr "" +"你不必附带 :option:`!--formats` 来使用 :command:`bdist` 命令；你还可以使用直接实现了你想要的特定格式的命令。 " +"某些这样的 :command:`bdist` \"子命令\" 实际上会生成几种相似的格式；例如，:command:`bdist_dumb` " +"命令将生成所有 \"非自动\" 归档格式 (``tar``, ``gztar``, ``bztar``, ``xztar``, ``ztar`` 和 " +"``zip``)，而 :command:`bdist_rpm` 将同时生成二进制和源代码 RPM。 :command:`bdist` " +"子命令以及每个子命令所生成的格式如下:" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:135 +msgid "Command" +msgstr "命令" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:135 +msgid "Formats" +msgstr "格式" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:137 +msgid ":command:`bdist_dumb`" +msgstr ":command:`bdist_dumb`" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:137 +msgid "tar, gztar, bztar, xztar, ztar, zip" +msgstr "tar, gztar, bztar, xztar, ztar, zip" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:139 +msgid ":command:`bdist_rpm`" +msgstr ":command:`bdist_rpm`" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:139 +msgid "rpm, srpm" +msgstr "rpm, srpm" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:141 +msgid ":command:`bdist_msi`" +msgstr ":command:`bdist_msi`" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:141 +msgid "msi" +msgstr "msi" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:145 +msgid "bdist_msi is deprecated since Python 3.9." +msgstr "bdist_msi 从 Python 3.9 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:147 +msgid "" +"The following sections give details on the individual :command:`bdist_\\*` " +"commands." +msgstr "以下小节提供了每个 :command:`bdist_\\*` 命令的详情。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:163 +msgid "Creating RPM packages" +msgstr "创建RPM软件包" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The RPM format is used by many popular Linux distributions, including Red " +"Hat, SuSE, and Mandrake. If one of these (or any of the other RPM-based " +"Linux distributions) is your usual environment, creating RPM packages for " +"other users of that same distribution is trivial. Depending on the " +"complexity of your module distribution and differences between Linux " +"distributions, you may also be able to create RPMs that work on different " +"RPM-based distributions." +msgstr "" +"RPM 格式被许多流行的 Linux 发行版所使用，包括 Red Hat, SuSE 和 Mandrake。 如果其中（或任何其他基于 RPM 的 " +"Linux 发行版）的某一个是你的常用环境，那么为相同发行版的其他用户创建 RPM 包是很容易的。 根据你的模块分发版的复杂度以及 Linux " +"发行版之间的差异性，你还可能创建适用于多个基于 RPM 的发行版的 RPM 包。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:172 +msgid "" +"The usual way to create an RPM of your module distribution is to run the " +":command:`bdist_rpm` command::" +msgstr "为你的模块分发版创建 RPM 的通常方式是运行 :command:`bdist_rpm` 命令::" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:177 +msgid "or the :command:`bdist` command with the :option:`!--format` option::" +msgstr "或者 :command:`bdist` 命令附带 :option:`!--format` 选项::" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The former allows you to specify RPM-specific options; the latter allows " +"you to easily specify multiple formats in one run. If you need to do both, " +"you can explicitly specify multiple :command:`bdist_\\*` commands and their " +"options::" +msgstr "" +"前者允许你指定 RPM 专属的选项；后者允许你方便地一次性指定多种格式。 如果这两样你全都要，你可以显式地指定多个 " +":command:`bdist_\\*` 命令及其选项::" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Creating RPM packages is driven by a :file:`.spec` file, much as using the " +"Distutils is driven by the setup script. To make your life easier, the " +":command:`bdist_rpm` command normally creates a :file:`.spec` file based on " +"the information you supply in the setup script, on the command line, and in " +"any Distutils configuration files. Various options and sections in the " +":file:`.spec` file are derived from options in the setup script as follows:" +msgstr "" +"创建 RPM 包的操作是由 :file:`.spec` 文件驱动的，就像 Distutils 的使用是由 setup 脚本驱动的一样。 " +"为了让你更方便，:command:`bdist_rpm` 命令通常会根据你在 setup 脚本、命令行和任意 Distutils " +"配置文件中提供的信息创建一个 :file:`.spec` 文件。 :file:`.spec` 文件中的各种选项和小节从 setup " +"脚本中派生的情况如下:" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:195 ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:219 +msgid "RPM :file:`.spec` file option or section" +msgstr "RPM :file:`.spec` 文件配置或选项" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:195 +msgid "Distutils setup script option" +msgstr "Distutils安装脚本选项" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:197 +msgid "Name" +msgstr "名称" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:197 +msgid "``name``" +msgstr "``name``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:199 +msgid "Summary (in preamble)" +msgstr "摘要（在序言中）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:199 +msgid "``description``" +msgstr "``description``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:201 +msgid "Version" +msgstr "版本" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:201 +msgid "``version``" +msgstr "``version``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:203 ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:226 +msgid "Vendor" +msgstr "供应商" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:203 +msgid "" +"``author`` and ``author_email``, or --- & ``maintainer`` and " +"``maintainer_email``" +msgstr "" +"``author`` 和 ``author_email``, 或 --- & ``maintainer`` 和 ``maintainer_email``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:207 +msgid "Copyright" +msgstr "版权所有" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:207 +msgid "``license``" +msgstr "``license``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:209 +msgid "Url" +msgstr "Url" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:209 +msgid "``url``" +msgstr "``url``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:211 +msgid "%description (section)" +msgstr "%d描述（部分）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:211 +msgid "``long_description``" +msgstr "``long_description``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Additionally, there are many options in :file:`.spec` files that don't have " +"corresponding options in the setup script. Most of these are handled " +"through options to the :command:`bdist_rpm` command as follows:" +msgstr "" +"此外，在 :file:`.spec` 文件中还有许多选项在 setup 脚本中没有对应的选项。 这些选项大多是通过传给 " +":command:`bdist_rpm` 命令的选项来处理的，如下所示:" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:219 +msgid ":command:`bdist_rpm` option" +msgstr ":command:`bdist_rpm` 选项" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:219 +msgid "default value" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:222 +msgid "Release" +msgstr "发布版本" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:222 +msgid "``release``" +msgstr "``release``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:222 +msgid "\"1\"" +msgstr "\"1\"" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:224 +msgid "Group" +msgstr "组织" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:224 +msgid "``group``" +msgstr "``group``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:224 +msgid "\"Development/Libraries\"" +msgstr "\"Development/Libraries\"" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:226 +msgid "``vendor``" +msgstr "``vendor``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:226 +msgid "(see above)" +msgstr "（同上）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:228 +msgid "Packager" +msgstr "打包" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:228 +msgid "``packager``" +msgstr "``packager``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:228 ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:230 +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:232 ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:234 +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:236 ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:238 +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:240 ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:242 +msgid "(none)" +msgstr "(none)" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:230 +msgid "Provides" +msgstr "提供" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:230 +msgid "``provides``" +msgstr "``provides``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:232 +msgid "Requires" +msgstr "需求" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:232 +msgid "``requires``" +msgstr "``requires``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:234 +msgid "Conflicts" +msgstr "冲突" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:234 +msgid "``conflicts``" +msgstr "``conflicts``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:236 +msgid "Obsoletes" +msgstr "淘汰" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:236 +msgid "``obsoletes``" +msgstr "``obsoletes``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:238 +msgid "Distribution" +msgstr " 发行" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:238 +msgid "``distribution_name``" +msgstr "``distribution_name``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:240 +msgid "BuildRequires" +msgstr "构建要求" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:240 +msgid "``build_requires``" +msgstr "``build_requires``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:242 +msgid "Icon" +msgstr "Icon" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:242 +msgid "``icon``" +msgstr "``icon``" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Obviously, supplying even a few of these options on the command-line would " +"be tedious and error-prone, so it's usually best to put them in the setup " +"configuration file, :file:`setup.cfg`\\ ---see section :ref:`setup-config`." +" If you distribute or package many Python module distributions, you might " +"want to put options that apply to all of them in your personal Distutils " +"configuration file (:file:`~/.pydistutils.cfg`). If you want to temporarily" +" disable this file, you can pass the :option:`!--no-user-cfg` option to " +":file:`setup.py`." +msgstr "" +"显然，即使是在命令行中提供少量的此类选项也是很繁琐易出错的，因此通常最好是将它们放在 setup 配置文件 :file:`setup.cfg` 中，参见" +" :ref:`setup-config` 一节。 如果你要分发或打包许多 Python 模块分发版，你可能会需要将适用于所有这些分发版的选项放在你私人的" +" Distutils 配置文件中 (:file:`~/.pydistutils.cfg`)。 如果你想要临时禁用此文件，你可以将 :option:`!" +"--no-user-cfg` 选项传给 :file:`setup.py`。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:253 +msgid "" +"There are three steps to building a binary RPM package, all of which are " +"handled automatically by the Distutils:" +msgstr "构建一个二进制 RPM 包有三个步骤，它们全都是由 Distutils 自动处理的:" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:256 +msgid "" +"create a :file:`.spec` file, which describes the package (analogous to the " +"Distutils setup script; in fact, much of the information in the setup " +"script winds up in the :file:`.spec` file)" +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :file:`.spec` 文件，该文件对包进行了描述（类似于 Distutils setup 脚本；实际上 setup " +"脚本中的许多信息都会出现在 :file:`.spec` 文件中）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:260 +msgid "create the source RPM" +msgstr "创建源 RPM" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:262 +msgid "" +"create the \"binary\" RPM (which may or may not contain binary code, " +"depending on whether your module distribution contains Python extensions)" +msgstr "创建“二进制”RPM（其中可能包含二进制代码也可能不包含，具体取决于你的模块分发版是否包含 Python 扩展）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:265 +msgid "" +"Normally, RPM bundles the last two steps together; when you use the " +"Distutils, all three steps are typically bundled together." +msgstr "通常，RPM 会将后两个步骤捆绑在一起；当你使用 Distutils 时，三个步骤通常都会捆绑在一起。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:268 +msgid "" +"If you wish, you can separate these three steps. You can use the :option:`!" +"--spec-only` option to make :command:`bdist_rpm` just create the " +":file:`.spec` file and exit; in this case, the :file:`.spec` file will be " +"written to the \"distribution directory\"---normally :file:`dist/`, but " +"customizable with the :option:`!--dist-dir` option. (Normally, the " +":file:`.spec` file winds up deep in the \"build tree,\" in a temporary " +"directory created by :command:`bdist_rpm`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果你愿意，你也可以将这三个步骤分开。 你可以使用 :option:`!--spec-only` 选项来让 :command:`bdist_rpm` " +"只创建 :file:`.spec` 文件并退出；在这种情况下，:file:`.spec` 文件将被写到“分发目录” --- 通常为 " +":file:`dist/`，但可通过 :option:`!--dist-dir` 选项来自定义。 （通常，:file:`.spec` " +"文件会位于“构建树”的深处，在 :command:`bdist_rpm` 所创建的一个临时目录中。）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:296 +msgid "Cross-compiling on Windows" +msgstr "在 Windows 上的交叉编译" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:298 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 2.6, distutils is capable of cross-compiling between " +"Windows platforms. In practice, this means that with the correct tools " +"installed, you can use a 32bit version of Windows to create 64bit extensions" +" and vice-versa." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 2.6 开始，distutils 能够在不同 Windows 平台之间执行交叉编译。 实际上，这意味着只要安装了正确的工具，你可以使用" +" 32 位版 Windows 来创建 64 位的扩展或是反向操作。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:303 +msgid "" +"To build for an alternate platform, specify the :option:`!--plat-name` " +"option to the build command. Valid values are currently 'win32', and 'win-" +"amd64'. For example, on a 32bit version of Windows, you could execute::" +msgstr "" +"要针对替代平台进行编译，请为构建命令指定 :option:`!--plat-name` 选项。 目前的有效值为 'win32' 和d 'win-" +"amd64'。 例如，在 32 位版 Windows 上，你可以执行::" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:309 +msgid "to build a 64bit version of your extension." +msgstr "来构建你的扩展的 64 位版。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:311 +msgid "" +"would create a 64bit installation executable on your 32bit version of " +"Windows." +msgstr "将在你的 32 位版 Windows 上创建一个 64 位版的安装程序可执行文件。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:313 +msgid "" +"To cross-compile, you must download the Python source code and cross-compile" +" Python itself for the platform you are targeting - it is not possible from " +"a binary installation of Python (as the .lib etc file for other platforms " +"are not included.) In practice, this means the user of a 32 bit operating " +"system will need to use Visual Studio 2008 to open the " +":file:`PCbuild/PCbuild.sln` solution in the Python source tree and build the" +" \"x64\" configuration of the 'pythoncore' project before cross-compiling " +"extensions is possible." +msgstr "" +"要进行交叉编译，你必须下载 Python 源代码并针对你的目标平台交叉编译 Python 本身 —— 使用 Python " +"的二进制安装版是无法做到的（因为其中不包括针对其他平台的 .lib 等文件。） 实际上，这意味着 32 位操作系统的用户将需要使用 Visual " +"Studio 2008 来打开 Python 源代码目录树下的 :file:`PCbuild/PCbuild.sln` 解决方案并构建 " +"'pythoncore' 项目的 \"x64\" 配置之后才能进行扩展的交叉编译。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:322 +msgid "" +"Note that by default, Visual Studio 2008 does not install 64bit compilers or" +" tools. You may need to reexecute the Visual Studio setup process and " +"select these tools (using Control Panel->[Add/Remove] Programs is a " +"convenient way to check or modify your existing install.)" +msgstr "" +"请注意在默认情况下，Visual Studio 2008 并不会安装 64 位编译器或工具。 你可能需要重新执行 Visual Studio " +"安装过程并选择这些工具（使用控制面板 -> [添加/移除] 程序是检查或修改你的现有安装的一个便捷方式。）" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:330 +msgid "The Postinstallation script" +msgstr "安装后脚本" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 2.3, a postinstallation script can be specified with " +"the :option:`!--install-script` option. The basename of the script must be " +"specified, and the script filename must also be listed in the scripts " +"argument to the setup function." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 2.3 开始，可以通过 :option:`!--install-script` 选项指定一个安装后脚本。 " +"必须要指定脚本的主文件名，并且该脚本文件名还必须在传给 setup 函数的参数中列出。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:337 +msgid "" +"This script will be run at installation time on the target system after all " +"the files have been copied, with ``argv[1]`` set to :option:`!-install`, and" +" again at uninstallation time before the files are removed with ``argv[1]`` " +"set to :option:`!-remove`." +msgstr "" +"在安装时当所有文件拷贝完毕后该脚本将会在目标系统上运行，并将 ``argv[1]`` 设为 " +":option:`!-install`，而在卸载时当文件被移除前会再次运行并将 ``argv[1]`` 设为 :option:`!-remove`。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:342 +msgid "" +"The installation script runs embedded in the windows installer, every output" +" (``sys.stdout``, ``sys.stderr``) is redirected into a buffer and will be " +"displayed in the GUI after the script has finished." +msgstr "" +"安装脚本嵌入在 Windows 安装程序中运行，每个输出 (``sys.stdout``, ``sys.stderr``) " +"都会被重定向到一个缓冲区并将在脚本完成后显示到 GUI 中。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:346 +msgid "" +"Some functions especially useful in this context are available as additional" +" built-in functions in the installation script." +msgstr "一些在此上下文中特别有用的功能在安装脚本中作为附加内置函数被提供。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:353 +msgid "" +"These functions should be called when a directory or file is created by the " +"postinstall script at installation time. It will register *path* with the " +"uninstaller, so that it will be removed when the distribution is " +"uninstalled. To be safe, directories are only removed if they are empty." +msgstr "" +"这些函数应当在安装时的安装后脚本创建某个目录或文件时被调用。 它会将 *path* 注册到卸载程序，这样当分发版被卸载时它将被移除。 " +"安全起见，目录只有在为空时才会被移除。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:361 +msgid "" +"This function can be used to retrieve special folder locations on Windows " +"like the Start Menu or the Desktop. It returns the full path to the folder." +" *csidl_string* must be one of the following strings::" +msgstr "" +"此函数可被用来获取 Windows 中的特殊文件夹位置如 Start Menu 或 Desktop。 它将返回相应文件夹的完整路径。 " +"*csidl_string* 必须为下列字符串之一::" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:381 +msgid "If the folder cannot be retrieved, :exc:`OSError` is raised." +msgstr "如果文件夹不能被检索到，会触发 :exc:`OSError` 。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Which folders are available depends on the exact Windows version, and " +"probably also the configuration. For details refer to Microsoft's " +"documentation of the :c:func:`SHGetSpecialFolderPath` function." +msgstr "" +"有哪些可用的文件夹取决于的 Windows 的具体版本，并可能受特定配置的影响。 更多细节请参考 Microsoft 有关 " +":c:func:`SHGetSpecialFolderPath` 函数的文档。" + +#: ../../distutils/builtdist.rst:390 +msgid "" +"This function creates a shortcut. *target* is the path to the program to be " +"started by the shortcut. *description* is the description of the shortcut. " +"*filename* is the title of the shortcut that the user will see. *arguments* " +"specifies the command line arguments, if any. *workdir* is the working " +"directory for the program. *iconpath* is the file containing the icon for " +"the shortcut, and *iconindex* is the index of the icon in the file " +"*iconpath*. Again, for details consult the Microsoft documentation for the " +":class:`IShellLink` interface." +msgstr "" +"此函数会创建一个快捷方式。 *target* 是此快捷方式要启动的程序的路径。 *description* 是快捷方式的描述文本。 *filename*" +" 是用户将看到的快捷方式的标题。 *arguments* 指定命令行参数，如果有的话。 *workdir* 是程序的工作目录。 *iconpath* " +"是包含快捷方式的图标的文件，而 *iconindex* 是 *iconpath* 文件中图标的索引号。 同样地，更多细节请参考 Microsoft 有关" +" :class:`IShellLink` 接口的文档。" diff --git a/distutils/commandref.po b/distutils/commandref.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0fcb0991 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/commandref.po @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: ppcfish , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:5 +msgid "Command Reference" +msgstr "命令参考" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:24 +msgid "Installing modules: the :command:`install` command family" +msgstr "安装模块: :command:`install` 命令族" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The install command ensures that the build commands have been run and then " +"runs the subcommands :command:`install_lib`, :command:`install_data` and " +":command:`install_scripts`." +msgstr "" +"install 命令会确保 build 命令已经运行，然后运行子命令 :command:`install_lib`, " +":command:`install_data` 和 :command:`install_scripts`。" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:37 +msgid ":command:`install_data`" +msgstr ":command:`install_data`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:39 +msgid "This command installs all data files provided with the distribution." +msgstr "此命令会安装随发行包一同提供的所有数据文件。" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:45 +msgid ":command:`install_scripts`" +msgstr ":command:`install_scripts`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:47 +msgid "This command installs all (Python) scripts in the distribution." +msgstr "此命令会安装发行包中的所有（Python）脚本。" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:56 +msgid "Creating a source distribution: the :command:`sdist` command" +msgstr "创建源码发行包: :command:`sdist` 命令" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:60 +msgid "The manifest template commands are:" +msgstr "列出的模板命令有:" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:63 +msgid "Command" +msgstr "命令" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:63 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:65 +msgid ":command:`include pat1 pat2 ...`" +msgstr ":command:`include pat1 pat2 ...`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:65 +msgid "include all files matching any of the listed patterns" +msgstr "包括与列出的模式匹配的所有文件" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:68 +msgid ":command:`exclude pat1 pat2 ...`" +msgstr ":command:`exclude pat1 pat2 ...`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:68 +msgid "exclude all files matching any of the listed patterns" +msgstr "排除与列出的模式匹配的所有文件" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:71 +msgid ":command:`recursive-include dir pat1 pat2 ...`" +msgstr ":command:`recursive-include dir pat1 pat2 ...`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:71 +msgid "include all files under *dir* matching any of the listed patterns" +msgstr "包括 *dir* 下与列出的模式匹配的所有文件" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:74 +msgid ":command:`recursive-exclude dir pat1 pat2 ...`" +msgstr ":command:`recursive-exclude dir pat1 pat2 ...`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:74 +msgid "exclude all files under *dir* matching any of the listed patterns" +msgstr "排除 *dir* 下与列出的模式匹配的所有文件" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:77 +msgid ":command:`global-include pat1 pat2 ...`" +msgstr ":command:`global-include pat1 pat2 ...`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:77 +msgid "" +"include all files anywhere in the source tree matching --- & any of the " +"listed patterns" +msgstr "包括与源树匹配的所有文件---和任何列出的模式" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:80 +msgid ":command:`global-exclude pat1 pat2 ...`" +msgstr ":command:`global-exclude pat1 pat2 ...`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:80 +msgid "" +"exclude all files anywhere in the source tree matching --- & any of the " +"listed patterns" +msgstr "排除与源树匹配的所有文件---和任何列出的模式" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:83 +msgid ":command:`prune dir`" +msgstr ":command:`prune dir`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:83 +msgid "exclude all files under *dir*" +msgstr "排除 *dir* 下的所有文件" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:85 +msgid ":command:`graft dir`" +msgstr ":command:`graft dir`" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:85 +msgid "include all files under *dir*" +msgstr "包括 *dir* 下的所有文件" + +#: ../../distutils/commandref.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The patterns here are Unix-style \"glob\" patterns: ``*`` matches any " +"sequence of regular filename characters, ``?`` matches any single regular " +"filename character, and ``[range]`` matches any of the characters in *range*" +" (e.g., ``a-z``, ``a-zA-Z``, ``a-f0-9_.``). The definition of \"regular " +"filename character\" is platform-specific: on Unix it is anything except " +"slash; on Windows anything except backslash or colon." +msgstr "" +"此处的模式是 Unix 风格的 \"glob\" 模式: ``*`` 匹配任意的常规文件名字符序列，``?`` 匹配任意单个常规文件名字符，而 " +"``[range]`` 匹配 *range* 范围内的任意字符 (例如 ``a-z``, ``a-zA-Z``, ``a-f0-9_.``)。 " +"“常规文件名字符”的定义取决于具体平台：在 Unix 上是指正斜杠以外的任何字符；在 Windows 则是指反斜杠或冒号以外的任何字符。" diff --git a/distutils/configfile.po b/distutils/configfile.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..875c45708 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/configfile.po @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:5 +msgid "Writing the Setup Configuration File" +msgstr "编写设置脚本的配置文件" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Often, it's not possible to write down everything needed to build a " +"distribution *a priori*: you may need to get some information from the user," +" or from the user's system, in order to proceed. As long as that " +"information is fairly simple---a list of directories to search for C header " +"files or libraries, for example---then providing a configuration file, " +":file:`setup.cfg`, for users to edit is a cheap and easy way to solicit it." +" Configuration files also let you provide default values for any command " +"option, which the installer can then override either on the command-line or " +"by editing the config file." +msgstr "" +"通常，在 *事前* 就写出构建发布包所需的一切是不可能的：你可能需要从用户或者用户的系统获取一些信息，才能继续下去。 只要这些信息相当简单 —— " +"例如一个用于搜索 C 头文件或库的目录列表 —— 那么提供配置文件 :file:`setup.cfg` 供用户配置就是一个低成本且方便的解决方式。 " +"配置文件还允许你为任何命令选项提供默认值，而安装器可以通过命令行或编辑配置文件来覆盖这些默认值。" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The setup configuration file is a useful middle-ground between the setup " +"script---which, ideally, would be opaque to installers [#]_---and the " +"command-line to the setup script, which is outside of your control and " +"entirely up to the installer. In fact, :file:`setup.cfg` (and any other " +"Distutils configuration files present on the target system) are processed " +"after the contents of the setup script, but before the command-line. This " +"has several useful consequences:" +msgstr "" +"安装配置文件是在安装脚本和安装脚本命令行之间一个适当的折衷方式 --- 安装脚本在理想情况下应当不受安装者的控制 [#]_ --- " +"而安装脚本命令行则在你的控制范围之外且完全取决于安装者的选择。 实际上，:file:`setup.cfg` (以及目标系统上的其他任何 " +"Distutils 配置文件) 是在配置脚本之后、命令行之前被处理。 这导致了几个有用的后果:" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:32 +msgid "" +"installers can override some of what you put in :file:`setup.py` by editing " +":file:`setup.cfg`" +msgstr "安装者可以通过编辑 :file:`setup.cfg` 来覆盖你放在 :file:`setup.py` 中的配置" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:35 +msgid "" +"you can provide non-standard defaults for options that are not easily set in" +" :file:`setup.py`" +msgstr "你可以为无法在 :file:`setup.py` 中方便设置的选项提供非标准的默认值" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:38 +msgid "" +"installers can override anything in :file:`setup.cfg` using the command-line" +" options to :file:`setup.py`" +msgstr "安装者可以使用 :file:`setup.py` 的命令行选项来覆盖 :file:`setup.cfg` 中的一切" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:41 +msgid "The basic syntax of the configuration file is simple:" +msgstr "配置文件的基本语法很简单:" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:49 +msgid "" +"where *command* is one of the Distutils commands (e.g. :command:`build_py`, " +":command:`install`), and *option* is one of the options that command " +"supports. Any number of options can be supplied for each command, and any " +"number of command sections can be included in the file. Blank lines are " +"ignored, as are comments, which run from a ``'#'`` character until the end " +"of the line. Long option values can be split across multiple lines simply " +"by indenting the continuation lines." +msgstr "" +"其中 *command* 是一个 Distutils 命令 (例如 :command:`build_py`, :command:`install`)，而" +" *option* 是该命令所支持的某个选项。 可以为每个命令提供任意数量的选项，并且可以在文件中包括任意数量的命令组。 空白行会被忽略，以一个 " +"``'#'`` 开始的注释行也是如此。 长选项值可以简单地通过缩进后续行的方式被拆分为多行。" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:57 +msgid "" +"You can find out the list of options supported by a particular command with " +"the universal :option:`!--help` option, e.g." +msgstr "你可以用通用的 :option:`!--help` 选项找出特定命令所支持的选项列表，例如" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Note that an option spelled :option:`!--foo-bar` on the command-line is " +"spelled ``foo_bar`` in configuration files." +msgstr "请注意在命令行中拼写为 :option:`!--foo-bar` 的选项在配置文件中会拼写为 ``foo_bar``。" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:80 +msgid "" +"For example, say you want your extensions to be built \"in-place\"---that " +"is, you have an extension :mod:`pkg.ext`, and you want the compiled " +"extension file (:file:`ext.so` on Unix, say) to be put in the same source " +"directory as your pure Python modules :mod:`pkg.mod1` and :mod:`pkg.mod2`. " +"You can always use the :option:`!--inplace` option on the command-line to " +"ensure this:" +msgstr "" +"例如，假设你希望你的扩展在“原地”构建 --- 就是说你有一个扩展 :mod:`pkg.ext`，你希望编译出的扩展文件 (例如在 Unix 上为 " +":file:`ext.so`) 放在与你的纯 Python 模块 :mod:`pkg.mod1` 和 :mod:`pkg.mod2` 相同的源目录中。 " +"你总是可以在命令行中使用 :option:`!--inplace` 选项来确保这一点:" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:90 +msgid "" +"But this requires that you always specify the :command:`build_ext` command " +"explicitly, and remember to provide :option:`!--inplace`. An easier way is " +"to \"set and forget\" this option, by encoding it in :file:`setup.cfg`, the " +"configuration file for this distribution:" +msgstr "" +"但是这要求你总是显式地指定 :command:`build_ext` 命令，并且记得提供 :option:`!--inplace`。 " +"一个更容易的方式是通过将其编码在此发布包的配置文件 :file:`setup.cfg` 中，“设置并忘记”该选项。" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:100 +msgid "" +"This will affect all builds of this module distribution, whether or not you " +"explicitly specify :command:`build_ext`. If you include :file:`setup.cfg` " +"in your source distribution, it will also affect end-user builds---which is " +"probably a bad idea for this option, since always building extensions in-" +"place would break installation of the module distribution. In certain " +"peculiar cases, though, modules are built right in their installation " +"directory, so this is conceivably a useful ability. (Distributing " +"extensions that expect to be built in their installation directory is almost" +" always a bad idea, though.)" +msgstr "" +"这将影响此模块发布包的所有构建，不论你是否显式指定 :command:`build_ext`。 如果你在你的源发布包中包括了 " +":file:`setup.cfg`，它还将影响最终用户的构建 --- 对此选项来说这可能不是个好主意，因为总是原地构建扩展会破坏模块发布包的安装。 " +"不过在某些特殊情况下，模块是在其安装目录中被构建的，因此这可能会是个有用的功能。 （但是，发布预期在其安装目录中被构建的扩展几乎总是一个坏主意。）" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Another example: certain commands take a lot of options that don't change " +"from run to run; for example, :command:`bdist_rpm` needs to know everything " +"required to generate a \"spec\" file for creating an RPM distribution. Some" +" of this information comes from the setup script, and some is automatically " +"generated by the Distutils (such as the list of files installed). But some " +"of it has to be supplied as options to :command:`bdist_rpm`, which would be " +"very tedious to do on the command-line for every run. Hence, here is a " +"snippet from the Distutils' own :file:`setup.cfg`:" +msgstr "" +"另一个例子：特定的命令会接受许多在多次运行中都不发生变化的选项；例如，:command:`bdist_rpm` 需要知道为创建 RPM 发布包生成 " +"\"spec\" 文件所要求的所有信息。 这些信息有的来自安装脚本，有的由 Distutils 自动生成（例如已安装文件列表）。 但有的则必须作为 " +":command:`bdist_rpm` 的选项提供，每次运行时都在命令行中完成将会非常繁琐。 因此，这里提供 Distutils 本身的 " +":file:`setup.cfg` 中的一段代码:" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Note that the ``doc_files`` option is simply a whitespace-separated string " +"split across multiple lines for readability." +msgstr "请注意 ``doc_files`` 选项只是一个空格分隔以提高可读性的多行字符串。" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:136 +msgid ":ref:`inst-config-syntax` in \"Installing Python Modules\"" +msgstr "\"安装 Python 模块\" 中的 :ref:`inst-config-syntax`" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:136 +msgid "" +"More information on the configuration files is available in the manual for " +"system administrators." +msgstr "有关配置文件的更多信息可在系统管理员手册中查看。" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:141 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../distutils/configfile.rst:142 +msgid "" +"This ideal probably won't be achieved until auto-configuration is fully " +"supported by the Distutils." +msgstr "在 Distutils 完全支持自动配置之前，这一理想可能是无法实现的。" diff --git a/distutils/examples.po b/distutils/examples.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8ba383a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/examples.po @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# Konge , 2021 +# Kelly Hwong , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Kelly Hwong , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:5 +msgid "Distutils Examples" +msgstr "Distutils 示例" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This chapter provides a number of basic examples to help get started with " +"distutils. Additional information about using distutils can be found in the" +" Distutils Cookbook." +msgstr "" +"本章节提供几个基础示例，来帮助用户入门 distutils。关于使用 distutils 的额外信息可以参考 Distutils Cookbook。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:16 +msgid "" +"`Distutils Cookbook `_" +msgstr "" +"`Distutils Cookbook `_" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Collection of recipes showing how to achieve more control over distutils." +msgstr "一套展示如何更好地控制和使用 distutils 的方法。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:23 +msgid "Pure Python distribution (by module)" +msgstr "纯 Python 分发（通过 module）" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:25 +msgid "" +"If you're just distributing a couple of modules, especially if they don't " +"live in a particular package, you can specify them individually using the " +"``py_modules`` option in the setup script." +msgstr "如果你要分发一组模块，特别是它们不在特定的包中，你可以在配置脚本中使用 ``py_modules`` 选项单独指定它们。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:29 +msgid "" +"In the simplest case, you'll have two files to worry about: a setup script " +"and the single module you're distributing, :file:`foo.py` in this example::" +msgstr "最简单的情况下，你只用关心两个文件：一个配置脚本，和单个你要分发的模块，这个示例中的 :file:`foo.py`: ：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:36 +msgid "" +"(In all diagrams in this section, ** will refer to the distribution " +"root directory.) A minimal setup script to describe this situation would " +"be::" +msgstr "（在本章节的所有图中，** 表示分发根目录。）这种情况下的一个最小配置脚本是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Note that the name of the distribution is specified independently with the " +"``name`` option, and there's no rule that says it has to be the same as the " +"name of the sole module in the distribution (although that's probably a good" +" convention to follow). However, the distribution name is used to generate " +"filenames, so you should stick to letters, digits, underscores, and hyphens." +msgstr "" +"注意分发的包名用 ``name`` " +"选项单独指定，没有规定它必须和包中单独的模块同名（虽然这也是个可以遵循的好习惯）。然而，分发名用来生成文件名，所以你应该坚持用字母、数字、下划线和连词号。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Since ``py_modules`` is a list, you can of course specify multiple modules, " +"eg. if you're distributing modules :mod:`foo` and :mod:`bar`, your setup " +"might look like this::" +msgstr "" +"因为 ``py_modules`` 是个列表，你当然可以指定多个模块，比如，如果你要分发模块 :mod:`foo` 和 " +":mod:`bar`，你的配置可能是这样：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:60 +msgid "and the setup script might be ::" +msgstr "并且配置脚本是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:68 +msgid "" +"You can put module source files into another directory, but if you have " +"enough modules to do that, it's probably easier to specify modules by " +"package rather than listing them individually." +msgstr "你可以把模块源文件放进另一个目录，但是如果你有足够的模块，也许用包指定模块更简单，而不是单独列出它们。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:76 +msgid "Pure Python distribution (by package)" +msgstr "纯 Python 分发（通过 包）" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:78 +msgid "" +"If you have more than a couple of modules to distribute, especially if they " +"are in multiple packages, it's probably easier to specify whole packages " +"rather than individual modules. This works even if your modules are not in " +"a package; you can just tell the Distutils to process modules from the root " +"package, and that works the same as any other package (except that you don't" +" have to have an :file:`__init__.py` file)." +msgstr "" +"如果你有超过一组模块要分发，特别是它们在不同的包中，也许指定整个包更简单，而不是指定单独的模块。这样即使你的模块不在一个包中也有效；你可以直接令 " +"Distutils 来从根包来处理模块，并且这样对任何其他包也有效（除非你不需要 :file:`__init__.py` 文件）。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:85 +msgid "The setup script from the last example could also be written as ::" +msgstr "上一个示例的配置脚本也可以写成：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:93 +msgid "(The empty string stands for the root package.)" +msgstr "（空字符串表示根包。）" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:95 +msgid "" +"If those two files are moved into a subdirectory, but remain in the root " +"package, e.g.::" +msgstr "如果两个文件移动到子目录，但是依然在根包中，如：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:103 +msgid "" +"then you would still specify the root package, but you have to tell the " +"Distutils where source files in the root package live::" +msgstr "那么你依然需要指定根包，但是你还需要告诉 Distutils 根包中的源文件在哪：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:113 +msgid "" +"More typically, though, you will want to distribute multiple modules in the " +"same package (or in sub-packages). For example, if the :mod:`foo` and " +":mod:`bar` modules belong in package :mod:`foobar`, one way to layout your " +"source tree is ::" +msgstr "" +"更一般地，你要分发多个在同一个包（或者子包）中的模块。举个例子，假设 :mod:`foo` 和 :mod:`bar` 模块属于 " +":mod:`foobar` 包，排布源文件树的一种方式是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:125 +msgid "" +"This is in fact the default layout expected by the Distutils, and the one " +"that requires the least work to describe in your setup script::" +msgstr "这其实是 Distutils 默认的排布，也是你的配置脚本中需要的工作量最小的。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:134 +msgid "" +"If you want to put modules in directories not named for their package, then " +"you need to use the ``package_dir`` option again. For example, if the " +":file:`src` directory holds modules in the :mod:`foobar` package::" +msgstr "" +"如果你要把模块放到没有按照它们的包名命名的目录里，那你需要再次使用 ``package_dir`` 选项。比如，如果 :file:`src` 目录包含包" +" :mod:`foobar` 中的模块：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:145 +msgid "an appropriate setup script would be ::" +msgstr "一个合适的配置脚本可以是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Or, you might put modules from your main package right in the distribution " +"root::" +msgstr "或者，你可以把主包中的模块直接放到分发根目录：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:163 +msgid "in which case your setup script would be ::" +msgstr "这样你的配置文件是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:172 +msgid "(The empty string also stands for the current directory.)" +msgstr "（空字符串同样表示当前目录。）" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:174 +msgid "" +"If you have sub-packages, they must be explicitly listed in ``packages``, " +"but any entries in ``package_dir`` automatically extend to sub-packages. (In" +" other words, the Distutils does *not* scan your source tree, trying to " +"figure out which directories correspond to Python packages by looking for " +":file:`__init__.py` files.) Thus, if the default layout grows a sub-" +"package::" +msgstr "" +"如果你有子包，则它们必须显式列在 ``packages`` 中，但是 ``package_dir`` " +"中的任何条目会自动扩展到子包。（也就是说，Distutils *不会* 扫描你的源码树，而是尝试通过查找 :file:`__init__.py` " +"文件，来弄清哪些目录与 Python 包关联。）这样，如果默认排布产生一个子包：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:190 +msgid "then the corresponding setup script would be ::" +msgstr "则相应的配置脚本是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:202 +msgid "Single extension module" +msgstr "单个扩展模块" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Extension modules are specified using the ``ext_modules`` option. " +"``package_dir`` has no effect on where extension source files are found; it " +"only affects the source for pure Python modules. The simplest case, a " +"single extension module in a single C source file, is::" +msgstr "" +"扩展模块用 ``ext_modules`` 选项指定。``package_dir`` 对在哪寻找扩展源文件无效；它只对纯 Python " +"模块的源文件有效。最简单的，一个用单个C源文件写的单扩展模块是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:213 +msgid "" +"If the :mod:`foo` extension belongs in the root package, the setup script " +"for this could be ::" +msgstr "如果 :mod:`foo` 扩展属于根包，则配置脚本可以是：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:223 +msgid "" +"If the extension actually belongs in a package, say :mod:`foopkg`, then" +msgstr "如果扩展在包中，比如 :mod:`foopkg`，那么" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:225 +msgid "" +"With exactly the same source tree layout, this extension can be put in the " +":mod:`foopkg` package simply by changing the name of the extension::" +msgstr "使用完全相同的源文件树排布，通过改变扩展的名字，这个扩展很容易放入 :mod:`foopkg` 包中：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:236 +msgid "Checking a package" +msgstr "检查一个包" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:238 +msgid "" +"The ``check`` command allows you to verify if your package meta-data meet " +"the minimum requirements to build a distribution." +msgstr "``check`` 命令允许你校验你的包的元数据是否满足生成分发的最低要求。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:241 +msgid "" +"To run it, just call it using your :file:`setup.py` script. If something is " +"missing, ``check`` will display a warning." +msgstr "直接使用你的 :file:`setup.py` 脚本来运行它。如果缺了一些东西，``check`` 会显示警告。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:244 +msgid "Let's take an example with a simple script::" +msgstr "我们来用单个脚本举例：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:250 +msgid "Running the ``check`` command will display some warnings:" +msgstr "运行 ``check`` 命令会显示一些警告：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:261 +msgid "" +"If you use the reStructuredText syntax in the ``long_description`` field and" +" `docutils`_ is installed you can check if the syntax is fine with the " +"``check`` command, using the ``restructuredtext`` option." +msgstr "" +"如果你在 ``long_description`` 域中使用 reStructuredText 语法，并且安装了 `docutils`_ ，你可以用 " +"``check`` 命令，和 ``restructuredtext`` 选项检查语法是否正确。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:265 +msgid "For example, if the :file:`setup.py` script is changed like this::" +msgstr "比如，如果 :file:`setup.py` 脚本改成：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:280 +msgid "" +"Where the long description is broken, ``check`` will be able to detect it by" +" using the :mod:`docutils` parser:" +msgstr "长描述中有问题的地方，通过使用 :mod:`docutils` 解析器，``check`` 能进行删除：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:291 +msgid "Reading the metadata" +msgstr "读取元数据" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:293 +msgid "" +"The :func:`distutils.core.setup` function provides a command-line interface " +"that allows you to query the metadata fields of a project through the " +"``setup.py`` script of a given project:" +msgstr "" +":func:`distutils.core.setup` 函数提供一个通过项目的 ``setup.py`` 脚本，来查询项目的元数据的域的命令行接口：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:302 +msgid "" +"This call reads the ``name`` metadata by running the " +":func:`distutils.core.setup` function. Although, when a source or binary " +"distribution is created with Distutils, the metadata fields are written in a" +" static file called :file:`PKG-INFO`. When a Distutils-based project is " +"installed in Python, the :file:`PKG-INFO` file is copied alongside the " +"modules and packages of the distribution under :file:`NAME-VERSION-" +"pyX.X.egg-info`, where ``NAME`` is the name of the project, ``VERSION`` its " +"version as defined in the Metadata, and ``pyX.X`` the major and minor " +"version of Python like ``2.7`` or ``3.2``." +msgstr "" +"这个调用通过运行 :func:`distutils.core.setup` 函数读取 ``name`` 元数据。然而，当源文件或者二进制分发用 " +"Distutils 创建时，元数据域写入一个名为 :file:`PKG-INFO` 的静态文件。当一个基于Distutils的项目安装在 Python " +"中时，:file:`PKG-INFO` 文件随着分发的模块和包一起复制到 :file:`NAME-VERSION-pyX.X.egg-info` " +"中，其中 ``NAME`` 是项目的名字，``VERSION`` 是元数据中定义的版本， ``pyX.X`` 则是 Python 的大版本和小版本，如 " +"``2.7`` 或者 ``3.2``。" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:312 +msgid "" +"You can read back this static file, by using the " +":class:`distutils.dist.DistributionMetadata` class and its " +":func:`read_pkg_file` method::" +msgstr "" +"你可以读回静态文件，使用 :class:`distutils.dist.DistributionMetadata` 类和它的 " +":func:`read_pkg_file` 方法：" + +#: ../../distutils/examples.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Notice that the class can also be instantiated with a metadata file path to " +"loads its values::" +msgstr "注意类也可以用元数据文件载入值来实例化：" diff --git a/distutils/extending.po b/distutils/extending.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f73861b80 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/extending.po @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# 刘士 , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: 刘士 , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:5 +msgid "Extending Distutils" +msgstr "扩展 Distutils" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Distutils can be extended in various ways. Most extensions take the form of" +" new commands or replacements for existing commands. New commands may be " +"written to support new types of platform-specific packaging, for example, " +"while replacements for existing commands may be made to modify details of " +"how the command operates on a package." +msgstr "" +"Distutils 可以通过各种方式扩展。 大多数扩展都采用新命令或现有命令的替换形式。 " +"例如，可以编写新命令以支持新的特定于平台的包格式，但是可以修改现有命令的替换，以修改命令在包上的操作细节。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Most extensions of the distutils are made within :file:`setup.py` scripts " +"that want to modify existing commands; many simply add a few file extensions" +" that should be copied into packages in addition to :file:`.py` files as a " +"convenience." +msgstr "" +"distutils 的大多数扩展都在想要修改现有命令的 :file:`setup.py` 脚本中编写；其中许多只是简单地在 :file:`.py` " +"文件以外添加了一些应当被拷贝到包中的文件后缀以便使用。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Most distutils command implementations are subclasses of the " +":class:`distutils.cmd.Command` class. New commands may directly inherit " +"from :class:`Command`, while replacements often derive from :class:`Command`" +" indirectly, directly subclassing the command they are replacing. Commands " +"are required to derive from :class:`Command`." +msgstr "" +"大多部 distutils 命令的实现都是 :class:`distutils.cmd.Command` 类的子类。 新增命令可直接继承自 " +":class:`Command`，而替换命令往往间接派生自 :class:`Command`， 直接子类化它们所替换的命令。 所有命令都要求自 " +":class:`Command` 派生。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:35 +msgid "Integrating new commands" +msgstr "集成新的命令" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:37 +msgid "" +"There are different ways to integrate new command implementations into " +"distutils. The most difficult is to lobby for the inclusion of the new " +"features in distutils itself, and wait for (and require) a version of Python" +" that provides that support. This is really hard for many reasons." +msgstr "" +"有多种方法可将新的命令实现集成到 distutils 中。 最困难的一种是鼓动在 distutils 自身内部包含新特性，并等待（以及要求）某个 " +"Python 版本提供该支持。 出于多种原因，这确实是相当难的。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:42 +msgid "" +"The most common, and possibly the most reasonable for most needs, is to " +"include the new implementations with your :file:`setup.py` script, and cause" +" the :func:`distutils.core.setup` function use them::" +msgstr "" +"对于大多数需求来说最为常见并且可能最为合理的一种则是通过你自己的 :file:`setup.py` 脚本来包含新的实现，然后让 " +":func:`distutils.core.setup` 函数使用它们::" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:57 +msgid "" +"This approach is most valuable if the new implementations must be used to " +"use a particular package, as everyone interested in the package will need to" +" have the new command implementation." +msgstr "如果新的实现必须通过特定的包来使用则此方式最为适宜，因为每个对这个包感兴趣的人都将会需要有新的命令实现。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Beginning with Python 2.4, a third option is available, intended to allow " +"new commands to be added which can support existing :file:`setup.py` scripts" +" without requiring modifications to the Python installation. This is " +"expected to allow third-party extensions to provide support for additional " +"packaging systems, but the commands can be used for anything distutils " +"commands can be used for. A new configuration option, ``command_packages`` " +"(command-line option :option:`!--command-packages`), can be used to specify " +"additional packages to be searched for modules implementing commands. Like " +"all distutils options, this can be specified on the command line or in a " +"configuration file. This option can only be set in the ``[global]`` section" +" of a configuration file, or before any commands on the command line. If " +"set in a configuration file, it can be overridden from the command line; " +"setting it to an empty string on the command line causes the default to be " +"used. This should never be set in a configuration file provided with a " +"package." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 2.4 开始，还有第三个选项可用，其目标是允许添加支持现有 :file:`setup.py` 脚本的新命令，而不需要修改 Python" +" 安装包。 这预计可允许第三方扩展提供对附加打包系统的支持，而相应命令又可用于任何 distutils 命令可被使用的地方。 新的配置选项 " +"``command_packages`` (命令行选项为 :option:`!--command-packages`) " +"可用来指定附加包，以在其中查找实现新增命令的模块。 像所有 distutils 选项一样，这可以通过命令行或配置文件来指定。 此选项只能在配置文件的 " +"``[global]`` 小节之中或在命令行的任何命令之前设置。 " +"如果是设置在配置文件中，则它可被命令行设置重载；如果在命令行中将其设为空字符串则将会使用默认值。 此选项绝不应当在随特定包提供的配置文件中设置。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:76 +msgid "" +"This new option can be used to add any number of packages to the list of " +"packages searched for command implementations; multiple package names should" +" be separated by commas. When not specified, the search is only performed " +"in the :mod:`distutils.command` package. When :file:`setup.py` is run with " +"the option ``--command-packages distcmds,buildcmds``, however, the packages " +":mod:`distutils.command`, :mod:`distcmds`, and :mod:`buildcmds` will be " +"searched in that order. New commands are expected to be implemented in " +"modules of the same name as the command by classes sharing the same name. " +"Given the example command line option above, the command " +":command:`bdist_openpkg` could be implemented by the class " +":class:`distcmds.bdist_openpkg.bdist_openpkg` or " +":class:`buildcmds.bdist_openpkg.bdist_openpkg`." +msgstr "" +"这个新选项可被用来添加任意数量的包到查找命令实现的包列表；多个包名应当以逗号分隔。 当未指明时，查找将只在 " +":mod:`distutils.command` 包中进行。 但是当 :file:`setup.py` 附带 ``--command-packages " +"distcmds,buildcmds`` 选项运行时，:mod:`distutils.command`, :mod:`distcmds` 和 " +":mod:`buildcmds` 包将按此顺序被查找。 新的命令应当在与命名同名的模块中由同名的类来实现。 给定上述示例命令行选项，则命令 " +":command:`bdist_openpkg` 可由类 :class:`distcmds.bdist_openpkg.bdist_openpkg` 或" +" :class:`buildcmds.bdist_openpkg.bdist_openpkg` 来实现。" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:90 +msgid "Adding new distribution types" +msgstr "添加新的发布类型" + +#: ../../distutils/extending.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Commands that create distributions (files in the :file:`dist/` directory) " +"need to add ``(command, filename)`` pairs to " +"``self.distribution.dist_files`` so that :command:`upload` can upload it to " +"PyPI. The *filename* in the pair contains no path information, only the " +"name of the file itself. In dry-run mode, pairs should still be added to " +"represent what would have been created." +msgstr "" +"创建发布（在 :file:`dist/` 目录中的文件）的命令需要将 ``(command, filename)`` 二元组添加到 " +"``self.distribution.dist_files`` 以便 :command:`upload` 可以将其上传到 PyPI。 二元组中的 " +"*filename* 不包含路径信息而只有文件名本身。 在 dry-run 模式下，二元组仍然应当被添加以表示必须创建的内容。" diff --git a/distutils/index.po b/distutils/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc2329cf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:5 +msgid "Distributing Python Modules (Legacy version)" +msgstr "分发 Python 模块（遗留版本）" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:0 +msgid "Authors" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:7 +msgid "Greg Ward, Anthony Baxter" +msgstr "Greg Ward ， Anthony Baxter" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:0 +msgid "Email" +msgstr "电子邮箱" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:8 +msgid "distutils-sig@python.org" +msgstr "distutils-sig@python.org" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:12 +msgid ":ref:`distributing-index`" +msgstr ":ref:`distributing-index`" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:13 +msgid "The up to date module distribution documentations" +msgstr "最新的模块分发文档" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The entire ``distutils`` package has been deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.12. This documentation is retained as a reference only, and will be" +" removed with the package. See the :ref:`What's New ` " +"entry for more information." +msgstr "" +"整个 ``distutils`` 包已被弃用并将在 Python 3.12 中被移除。 此文档仅保留作参考，并将随包一起被移除。 更多信息请参阅 " +":ref:`有什么新变化 ` 条目。" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:26 +msgid "" +"This guide only covers the basic tools for building and distributing " +"extensions that are provided as part of this version of Python. Third party " +"tools offer easier to use and more secure alternatives. Refer to the `quick " +"recommendations section `__ in the Python Packaging User Guide for more " +"information." +msgstr "" +"本指南仅介绍构建和分发扩展的基本工具，这些扩展是作为此Python版本的一部分提供的。 第三方工具提供更易于使用和更安全的替代方案。有关详细信息，请参阅" +" Python 打包用户指南中的 `快速推荐部分 `__ 。" + +#: ../../distutils/index.rst:32 +msgid "" +"This document describes the Python Distribution Utilities (\"Distutils\") " +"from the module developer's point of view, describing the underlying " +"capabilities that ``setuptools`` builds on to allow Python developers to " +"make Python modules and extensions readily available to a wider audience." +msgstr "" +"本文档从模块开发人员的角度描述了 Python Distribution Utilities (\"Distutils\")。 描述了 " +"``setuptools`` 构建所依赖的下层功能，以允许 Python 开发者方便地为更广泛的受众编写 Python 模块和扩展。" diff --git a/distutils/introduction.po b/distutils/introduction.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf8ab1ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/introduction.po @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Harry Liu. , 2021 +# Leo Li , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:5 +msgid "An Introduction to Distutils" +msgstr "Distutils 模块介绍" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This document covers using the Distutils to distribute your Python modules, " +"concentrating on the role of developer/distributor: if you're looking for " +"information on installing Python modules, you should refer to the " +":ref:`install-index` chapter." +msgstr "" +"本文档介绍了使用 Distutils 模块分发你的 Python 模块，主要是针对开发者/分发者的使用的——如果你想了解如何安装 Python " +"模块，你应该参考这个章节： :ref:`install-index`。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:18 +msgid "Concepts & Terminology" +msgstr "概念和术语" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Using the Distutils is quite simple, both for module developers and for " +"users/administrators installing third-party modules. As a developer, your " +"responsibilities (apart from writing solid, well-documented and well-tested " +"code, of course!) are:" +msgstr "" +"Distutils " +"用起来非常简单，对于模块开发者或安装第三方模块的用户/管理员均是如此。开发者的责任（当然还有编写可靠、良好文档和经过良好测试的代码！）就是：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:25 +msgid "write a setup script (:file:`setup.py` by convention)" +msgstr "编写一个设置脚本 (:file:`setup.py` by convention)" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:27 +msgid "(optional) write a setup configuration file" +msgstr "(可选)编写设置脚本的配置文件" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:29 +msgid "create a source distribution" +msgstr "创建源码的发行版" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:31 +msgid "(optional) create one or more built (binary) distributions" +msgstr "（可选）创建一个或多个编译好（二进制）的发行版" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:33 +msgid "Each of these tasks is covered in this document." +msgstr "这些操作在此文档均有讲解。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Not all module developers have access to a multitude of platforms, so it's " +"not always feasible to expect them to create a multitude of built " +"distributions. It is hoped that a class of intermediaries, called " +"*packagers*, will arise to address this need. Packagers will take source " +"distributions released by module developers, build them on one or more " +"platforms, and release the resulting built distributions. Thus, users on " +"the most popular platforms will be able to install most popular Python " +"module distributions in the most natural way for their platform, without " +"having to run a single setup script or compile a line of code." +msgstr "" +"并非所有的模块开发者都能接触到众多的平台，所以期望他们创造众多的内置发行版不是总是可行的。最好是有一类名为 *打包者* " +"的中介，以满足这一需求。打包者将读取模块开发者发布的源代码，在一个或多个平台上进行编译，并发布构建出来的发行版。这样，最流行平台的用户就能以最自然的方式安装最流行的" +" Python 模块发行版，不必运行一段 setup 脚本或编译代码了。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:49 +msgid "A Simple Example" +msgstr "一个简单的例子" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The setup script is usually quite simple, although since it's written in " +"Python, there are no arbitrary limits to what you can do with it, though you" +" should be careful about putting arbitrarily expensive operations in your " +"setup script. Unlike, say, Autoconf-style configure scripts, the setup " +"script may be run multiple times in the course of building and installing " +"your module distribution." +msgstr "" +"setup 脚本通常很简单，尽管是用 Python 编写的，它能干的事情没有限制，当然应小心别在 setup 脚本中加入什么运行缓慢的操作。与 " +"Autoconf 风格的 configure 脚本不同，在构建和安装模块的过程中 setup 脚本可能会运行多次。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:58 +msgid "" +"If all you want to do is distribute a module called :mod:`foo`, contained in" +" a file :file:`foo.py`, then your setup script can be as simple as this::" +msgstr "如果只想发布一个名为 :mod:`foo` 的模块，位于 :file:`foo.py` 文件中，那么 setup 脚本可以如此简单：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:67 +msgid "Some observations:" +msgstr "注意要点：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:69 +msgid "" +"most information that you supply to the Distutils is supplied as keyword " +"arguments to the :func:`setup` function" +msgstr "提供给 Distutils 的大部分信息将作为关键字参数发给 :func:`setup` 函数。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:72 +msgid "" +"those keyword arguments fall into two categories: package metadata (name, " +"version number) and information about what's in the package (a list of pure " +"Python modules, in this case)" +msgstr "这些关键字参数分为两类：包的元数据（名称、版本号）和包中内容的描述信息（本例中是纯 Python 模块的列表）。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:76 +msgid "" +"modules are specified by module name, not filename (the same will hold true " +"for packages and extensions)" +msgstr "模块由模块名指定，而不是文件名（包和扩展也是如此）。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:79 +msgid "" +"it's recommended that you supply a little more metadata, in particular your " +"name, email address and a URL for the project (see section :ref:`setup-" +"script` for an example)" +msgstr "建议多提供一些元数据，特别是开发者姓名、电子邮件地址和项目的URL（参见 :ref:`setup-script` 中的例子）。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:83 +msgid "" +"To create a source distribution for this module, you would create a setup " +"script, :file:`setup.py`, containing the above code, and run this command " +"from a terminal::" +msgstr "要为该模块创建一个源码发布版本，需要创建一段 setup 脚本 :file:`setup.py`，包含上述代码，然后从终端运行以下命令：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:89 +msgid "" +"For Windows, open a command prompt window (:menuselection:`Start --> " +"Accessories`) and change the command to::" +msgstr "" +"对于 Windows 用户来说，打开命令行窗口（:menuselection:`Start --> Accessories`）并且写上如下命令::" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:94 +msgid "" +":command:`sdist` will create an archive file (e.g., tarball on Unix, ZIP " +"file on Windows) containing your setup script :file:`setup.py`, and your " +"module :file:`foo.py`. The archive file will be named :file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz`" +" (or :file:`.zip`), and will unpack into a directory :file:`foo-1.0`." +msgstr "" +":command:`sdist` 将创建一个归档文件（例如在 Unix 中为 tarball，在 Windows 中为 ZIP " +"文件），其中包含你的配置脚本 :file:`setup.py` 以及你的模块 :file:`foo.py`。 此归档文件将被命名为 " +":file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz` (或 :file:`.zip`)，并将解包到目录 :file:`foo-1.0` 当中。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:99 +msgid "" +"If an end-user wishes to install your :mod:`foo` module, all they have to do" +" is download :file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz` (or :file:`.zip`), unpack it, and---from" +" the :file:`foo-1.0` directory---run ::" +msgstr "" +"如果最终用户希望安装 :mod:`foo` 模块，只需下载 :file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz` （或 :file:`.zip` ）并解压，进入" +" :file:`foo-1.0` 目录运行：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:105 +msgid "" +"which will ultimately copy :file:`foo.py` to the appropriate directory for " +"third-party modules in their Python installation." +msgstr "这会把 :file:`foo.py` 复制到 Python 安装环境的第三方模块目录中。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:108 +msgid "" +"This simple example demonstrates some fundamental concepts of the Distutils." +" First, both developers and installers have the same basic user interface, " +"i.e. the setup script. The difference is which Distutils *commands* they " +"use: the :command:`sdist` command is almost exclusively for module " +"developers, while :command:`install` is more often for installers (although " +"most developers will want to install their own code occasionally)." +msgstr "" +"上述简单例子展示了 Distutils 的一些基本概念。首先，开发者和安装者拥有相同的基本用户界面，即 setup 脚本。区别在于使用哪种 " +"Distutils *命令* ： :command:`sdist` 命令几乎只适用于模块开发者，而 :command:`install` " +"则更适用于安装者（当然大多数开发者偶尔也想要安装自己的代码）。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Other useful built distribution formats are RPM, implemented by the " +":command:`bdist_rpm` command, Solaris :program:`pkgtool` " +"(:command:`bdist_pkgtool`), and HP-UX :program:`swinstall` " +"(:command:`bdist_sdux`). For example, the following command will create an " +"RPM file called :file:`foo-1.0.noarch.rpm`::" +msgstr "" +"其他有用的内置分发格式是 RPM，可由 :command:`bdist_rpm` 、Solaris " +":program:`pkgtool`（:command:`bdist_pkgtool`）和 HP-UX " +":program:`swinstall`（:command:`bdist_sdux`）实现。比如，以下命令将创建一个名为 " +":file:`foo-1.0.noarch.rpm` 的RPM文件：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:123 +msgid "" +"(The :command:`bdist_rpm` command uses the :command:`rpm` executable, " +"therefore this has to be run on an RPM-based system such as Red Hat Linux, " +"SuSE Linux, or Mandrake Linux.)" +msgstr "" +"（:command:`bdist_rpm` 命令用到了 :command:`rpm` 可执行文件，因此必须运行在基于 RPM 的系统中，如 Red " +"Hat Linux 、 SuSE Linux 或 Mandrake Linux）。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:127 +msgid "" +"You can find out what distribution formats are available at any time by " +"running ::" +msgstr "可以随时运行以下命令，以便了解当前可用的分发格式：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:136 +msgid "General Python terminology" +msgstr "通用的 Python 术语" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:138 +msgid "" +"If you're reading this document, you probably have a good idea of what " +"modules, extensions, and so forth are. Nevertheless, just to be sure that " +"everyone is operating from a common starting point, we offer the following " +"glossary of common Python terms:" +msgstr "本文读者可能对模块、扩展等已有了很好的理解。但为确保所有人都站在同一起点上，下面提供了 Python 常用术语表：" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:146 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module -- 模块" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:144 +msgid "" +"the basic unit of code reusability in Python: a block of code imported by " +"some other code. Three types of modules concern us here: pure Python " +"modules, extension modules, and packages." +msgstr "实现 Python 代码重用的基本单位：可被其他代码导入的一段代码。有三种类型的模块与本文有关：纯 Python 模块、扩展模块和包。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:151 +msgid "pure Python module" +msgstr "纯 Python 模块" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:149 +msgid "" +"a module written in Python and contained in a single :file:`.py` file (and " +"possibly associated :file:`.pyc` files). Sometimes referred to as a \"pure " +"module.\"" +msgstr "" +"用 Python 编写的模块，包含在某 :file:`.py` 文件中（可能还会有相关的 :file:`.pyc` 文件）。有时被称为 \"纯模块\"。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:159 +msgid "extension module" +msgstr "extension module -- 扩展模块" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:154 +msgid "" +"a module written in the low-level language of the Python implementation: " +"C/C++ for Python, Java for Jython. Typically contained in a single " +"dynamically loadable pre-compiled file, e.g. a shared object (:file:`.so`) " +"file for Python extensions on Unix, a DLL (given the :file:`.pyd` extension)" +" for Python extensions on Windows, or a Java class file for Jython " +"extensions. (Note that currently, the Distutils only handles C/C++ " +"extensions for Python.)" +msgstr "" +"用低级语言编写的 Python 模块。Python 用 C/C++ ，而 Jython 则用Java。通常包含在一个可动态加载的预编译文件中，比如 " +"Unix 中的 Python 扩展是一个共享对象（:file:`.so`）文件，Windows 中的 Python 扩展则是一个 DLL （扩展名为 " +":file:`.pyd` )，而 Jython 的扩展是个 Java class 文件。（注意，目前，Distutils 只处理 Python 的 " +"C/C++ 扩展。）" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:164 +msgid "package" +msgstr "包" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:162 +msgid "" +"a module that contains other modules; typically contained in a directory in " +"the filesystem and distinguished from other directories by the presence of a" +" file :file:`__init__.py`." +msgstr "包含其他模块的模块；通常位于文件系统的某个目录中，区别于其他目录的标记就是存在一个 :file:`__init__.py` 文件。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:174 +msgid "root package" +msgstr "根包" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:167 +msgid "" +"the root of the hierarchy of packages. (This isn't really a package, since " +"it doesn't have an :file:`__init__.py` file. But we have to call it " +"something.) The vast majority of the standard library is in the root " +"package, as are many small, standalone third-party modules that don't belong" +" to a larger module collection. Unlike regular packages, modules in the root" +" package can be found in many directories: in fact, every directory listed " +"in ``sys.path`` contributes modules to the root package." +msgstr "" +"包的层次结构的根。（其并非一个真正的包，因为没有 :file:`__init__.py` 文件。但总得给它起个名字）。 " +"绝大多数标准库都在根包中，还有许多不属于任何大型模块的小型、独立的第三方模块。与普通的包不同，根包中的模块可能会在很多目录中出现：事实上，``sys.path``" +" 列出的每个目录都会为根包提供模块。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:179 +msgid "Distutils-specific terminology" +msgstr "Distutils 特定的术语" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The following terms apply more specifically to the domain of distributing " +"Python modules using the Distutils:" +msgstr "以下属于更加特别地用于 Distutils 发布 Python 模块。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:190 +msgid "module distribution" +msgstr "模块发行版" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:185 +msgid "" +"a collection of Python modules distributed together as a single downloadable" +" resource and meant to be installed *en masse*. Examples of some well-known" +" module distributions are NumPy, SciPy, Pillow, or mxBase. (This would be " +"called a *package*, except that term is already taken in the Python context:" +" a single module distribution may contain zero, one, or many Python " +"packages.)" +msgstr "" +"一组 Python 模块，作为可下载的资源组团发布，以便 *大规模* 安装。模块发布版的著名例子是 NumPy 、 SciPy 、 Pillow 或 " +"mxBase。（这些会被称为 *package*，这个词在 Python 的语境中也使用过：一个模块发行版可能包含零个、一个或多个 Python 包。)" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:194 +msgid "pure module distribution" +msgstr "纯模块发行版" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:193 +msgid "" +"a module distribution that contains only pure Python modules and packages. " +"Sometimes referred to as a \"pure distribution.\"" +msgstr "只包含纯 Python 模块和软件包的模块发布版。有时被称为“纯发行版”。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:198 +msgid "non-pure module distribution" +msgstr "非纯模块发行版" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:197 +msgid "" +"a module distribution that contains at least one extension module. " +"Sometimes referred to as a \"non-pure distribution.\"" +msgstr "至少包含一个扩展模块的模块发行版。 有时被称为“非纯发行版”。" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:202 +msgid "distribution root" +msgstr "根发行版" + +#: ../../distutils/introduction.rst:201 +msgid "" +"the top-level directory of your source tree (or source distribution); the " +"directory where :file:`setup.py` exists. Generally :file:`setup.py` will " +"be run from this directory." +msgstr "" +"源代码树（或源代码发行版）的顶级目录；即 :file:`setup.py` 所在的目录。 一般来说，:file:`setup.py` 会在该目录下运行。" diff --git a/distutils/packageindex.po b/distutils/packageindex.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b58d2adb --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/packageindex.po @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/packageindex.rst:7 +msgid "The Python Package Index (PyPI)" +msgstr "Python 包索引（PyPI）" + +#: ../../distutils/packageindex.rst:9 +msgid "" +"The `Python Package Index (PyPI)`_ stores metadata describing distributions " +"packaged with distutils and other publishing tools, as well the distribution" +" archives themselves." +msgstr "`Python 包索引 (PyPI)`_ 存储描述与 distutils 和其他发布工具一起打包的发行版的元数据，以及分发存档本身。" + +#: ../../distutils/packageindex.rst:13 +msgid "" +"References to up to date PyPI documentation can be found at " +":ref:`publishing-python-packages`." +msgstr "供参考的最新 PyPI 文档可以在 :ref:`publishing-python-packages` 找到。" diff --git a/distutils/setupscript.po b/distutils/setupscript.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..757bfeb84 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/setupscript.po @@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:5 +msgid "Writing the Setup Script" +msgstr "编写安装脚本" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:9 +msgid "" +"The setup script is the centre of all activity in building, distributing, " +"and installing modules using the Distutils. The main purpose of the setup " +"script is to describe your module distribution to the Distutils, so that the" +" various commands that operate on your modules do the right thing. As we " +"saw in section :ref:`distutils-simple-example` above, the setup script " +"consists mainly of a call to :func:`setup`, and most information supplied to" +" the Distutils by the module developer is supplied as keyword arguments to " +":func:`setup`." +msgstr "" +"安装脚本是使用 Distutils 进行构建、分发和安装模块的的入口。设置脚本的主要目的是向 Distutils " +"描述如何分发您的模块，以便对您的模块进行操作的各种命令正确运行。正如我们在上面的 :ref:`distutils-simple-example` " +"部分中看到的，安装脚本主要包含对 :func:`setup` 的调用，并且模块开发人员提供给 Distutils 的大部分信息都通过关键字参数提供给 " +":func:`setup`。" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Here's a slightly more involved example, which we'll follow for the next " +"couple of sections: the Distutils' own setup script. (Keep in mind that " +"although the Distutils are included with Python 1.6 and later, they also " +"have an independent existence so that Python 1.5.2 users can use them to " +"install other module distributions. The Distutils' own setup script, shown " +"here, is used to install the package into Python 1.5.2.) ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:37 +msgid "" +"There are only two differences between this and the trivial one-file " +"distribution presented in section :ref:`distutils-simple-example`: more " +"metadata, and the specification of pure Python modules by package, rather " +"than by module. This is important since the Distutils consist of a couple " +"of dozen modules split into (so far) two packages; an explicit list of every" +" module would be tedious to generate and difficult to maintain. For more " +"information on the additional meta-data, see section :ref:`meta-data`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Note that any pathnames (files or directories) supplied in the setup script " +"should be written using the Unix convention, i.e. slash-separated. The " +"Distutils will take care of converting this platform-neutral representation " +"into whatever is appropriate on your current platform before actually using " +"the pathname. This makes your setup script portable across operating " +"systems, which of course is one of the major goals of the Distutils. In " +"this spirit, all pathnames in this document are slash-separated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:53 +msgid "" +"This, of course, only applies to pathnames given to Distutils functions. If" +" you, for example, use standard Python functions such as :func:`glob.glob` " +"or :func:`os.listdir` to specify files, you should be careful to write " +"portable code instead of hardcoding path separators::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:65 +msgid "Listing whole packages" +msgstr "列出全部的包" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:67 +msgid "" +"The ``packages`` option tells the Distutils to process (build, distribute, " +"install, etc.) all pure Python modules found in each package mentioned in " +"the ``packages`` list. In order to do this, of course, there has to be a " +"correspondence between package names and directories in the filesystem. The" +" default correspondence is the most obvious one, i.e. package " +":mod:`distutils` is found in the directory :file:`distutils` relative to the" +" distribution root. Thus, when you say ``packages = ['foo']`` in your setup " +"script, you are promising that the Distutils will find a file " +":file:`foo/__init__.py` (which might be spelled differently on your system, " +"but you get the idea) relative to the directory where your setup script " +"lives. If you break this promise, the Distutils will issue a warning but " +"still process the broken package anyway." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:79 +msgid "" +"If you use a different convention to lay out your source directory, that's " +"no problem: you just have to supply the ``package_dir`` option to tell the " +"Distutils about your convention. For example, say you keep all Python " +"source under :file:`lib`, so that modules in the \"root package\" (i.e., not" +" in any package at all) are in :file:`lib`, modules in the :mod:`foo` " +"package are in :file:`lib/foo`, and so forth. Then you would put ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:88 +msgid "" +"in your setup script. The keys to this dictionary are package names, and an" +" empty package name stands for the root package. The values are directory " +"names relative to your distribution root. In this case, when you say " +"``packages = ['foo']``, you are promising that the file " +":file:`lib/foo/__init__.py` exists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Another possible convention is to put the :mod:`foo` package right in " +":file:`lib`, the :mod:`foo.bar` package in :file:`lib/bar`, etc. This would" +" be written in the setup script as ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:99 +msgid "" +"A ``package: dir`` entry in the ``package_dir`` dictionary implicitly " +"applies to all packages below *package*, so the :mod:`foo.bar` case is " +"automatically handled here. In this example, having ``packages = ['foo', " +"'foo.bar']`` tells the Distutils to look for :file:`lib/__init__.py` and " +":file:`lib/bar/__init__.py`. (Keep in mind that although ``package_dir`` " +"applies recursively, you must explicitly list all packages in ``packages``: " +"the Distutils will *not* recursively scan your source tree looking for any " +"directory with an :file:`__init__.py` file.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:112 +msgid "Listing individual modules" +msgstr "列出单独的模块" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:114 +msgid "" +"For a small module distribution, you might prefer to list all modules rather" +" than listing packages---especially the case of a single module that goes in" +" the \"root package\" (i.e., no package at all). This simplest case was " +"shown in section :ref:`distutils-simple-example`; here is a slightly more " +"involved example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:121 +msgid "" +"This describes two modules, one of them in the \"root\" package, the other " +"in the :mod:`pkg` package. Again, the default package/directory layout " +"implies that these two modules can be found in :file:`mod1.py` and " +":file:`pkg/mod2.py`, and that :file:`pkg/__init__.py` exists as well. And " +"again, you can override the package/directory correspondence using the " +"``package_dir`` option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:131 +msgid "Describing extension modules" +msgstr "描述扩展模块" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Just as writing Python extension modules is a bit more complicated than " +"writing pure Python modules, describing them to the Distutils is a bit more " +"complicated. Unlike pure modules, it's not enough just to list modules or " +"packages and expect the Distutils to go out and find the right files; you " +"have to specify the extension name, source file(s), and any compile/link " +"requirements (include directories, libraries to link with, etc.)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:142 +msgid "" +"All of this is done through another keyword argument to :func:`setup`, the " +"``ext_modules`` option. ``ext_modules`` is just a list of " +":class:`~distutils.core.Extension` instances, each of which describes a " +"single extension module. Suppose your distribution includes a single " +"extension, called :mod:`foo` and implemented by :file:`foo.c`. If no " +"additional instructions to the compiler/linker are needed, describing this " +"extension is quite simple::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:152 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Extension` class can be imported from :mod:`distutils.core` " +"along with :func:`setup`. Thus, the setup script for a module distribution " +"that contains only this one extension and nothing else might be::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:162 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Extension` class (actually, the underlying extension-building " +"machinery implemented by the :command:`build_ext` command) supports a great " +"deal of flexibility in describing Python extensions, which is explained in " +"the following sections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:169 +msgid "Extension names and packages" +msgstr "扩展名和软件包" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:171 +msgid "" +"The first argument to the :class:`~distutils.core.Extension` constructor is " +"always the name of the extension, including any package names. For example," +" ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:176 +msgid "describes an extension that lives in the root package, while ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:180 +msgid "" +"describes the same extension in the :mod:`pkg` package. The source files " +"and resulting object code are identical in both cases; the only difference " +"is where in the filesystem (and therefore where in Python's namespace " +"hierarchy) the resulting extension lives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:185 +msgid "" +"If you have a number of extensions all in the same package (or all under the" +" same base package), use the ``ext_package`` keyword argument to " +":func:`setup`. For example, ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:195 +msgid "" +"will compile :file:`foo.c` to the extension :mod:`pkg.foo`, and " +":file:`bar.c` to :mod:`pkg.subpkg.bar`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:200 +msgid "Extension source files" +msgstr "扩展资源文件" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:202 +msgid "" +"The second argument to the :class:`~distutils.core.Extension` constructor is" +" a list of source files. Since the Distutils currently only support C, C++," +" and Objective-C extensions, these are normally C/C++/Objective-C source " +"files. (Be sure to use appropriate extensions to distinguish C++ source " +"files: :file:`.cc` and :file:`.cpp` seem to be recognized by both Unix and " +"Windows compilers.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:209 +msgid "" +"However, you can also include SWIG interface (:file:`.i`) files in the list;" +" the :command:`build_ext` command knows how to deal with SWIG extensions: it" +" will run SWIG on the interface file and compile the resulting C/C++ file " +"into your extension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:216 +msgid "" +"This warning notwithstanding, options to SWIG can be currently passed like " +"this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:225 +msgid "Or on the commandline like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:229 +msgid "" +"On some platforms, you can include non-source files that are processed by " +"the compiler and included in your extension. Currently, this just means " +"Windows message text (:file:`.mc`) files and resource definition " +"(:file:`.rc`) files for Visual C++. These will be compiled to binary " +"resource (:file:`.res`) files and linked into the executable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:237 +msgid "Preprocessor options" +msgstr "预处理器选项" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Three optional arguments to :class:`~distutils.core.Extension` will help if " +"you need to specify include directories to search or preprocessor macros to " +"define/undefine: ``include_dirs``, ``define_macros``, and ``undef_macros``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:243 +msgid "" +"For example, if your extension requires header files in the :file:`include` " +"directory under your distribution root, use the ``include_dirs`` option::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:248 +msgid "" +"You can specify absolute directories there; if you know that your extension " +"will only be built on Unix systems with X11R6 installed to :file:`/usr`, you" +" can get away with ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:254 +msgid "" +"You should avoid this sort of non-portable usage if you plan to distribute " +"your code: it's probably better to write C code like ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:259 +msgid "" +"If you need to include header files from some other Python extension, you " +"can take advantage of the fact that header files are installed in a " +"consistent way by the Distutils :command:`install_headers` command. For " +"example, the Numerical Python header files are installed (on a standard Unix" +" installation) to :file:`/usr/local/include/python1.5/Numerical`. (The exact" +" location will differ according to your platform and Python installation.) " +"Since the Python include directory---\\ :file:`/usr/local/include/python1.5`" +" in this case---is always included in the search path when building Python " +"extensions, the best approach is to write C code like ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:271 +msgid "" +"If you must put the :file:`Numerical` include directory right into your " +"header search path, though, you can find that directory using the Distutils " +":mod:`distutils.sysconfig` module::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Even though this is quite portable---it will work on any Python " +"installation, regardless of platform---it's probably easier to just write " +"your C code in the sensible way." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:285 +msgid "" +"You can define and undefine pre-processor macros with the ``define_macros`` " +"and ``undef_macros`` options. ``define_macros`` takes a list of ``(name, " +"value)`` tuples, where ``name`` is the name of the macro to define (a " +"string) and ``value`` is its value: either a string or ``None``. (Defining " +"a macro ``FOO`` to ``None`` is the equivalent of a bare ``#define FOO`` in " +"your C source: with most compilers, this sets ``FOO`` to the string ``1``.)" +" ``undef_macros`` is just a list of macros to undefine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:293 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:300 +msgid "is the equivalent of having this at the top of every C source file::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:309 +msgid "Library options" +msgstr "库选项" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:311 +msgid "" +"You can also specify the libraries to link against when building your " +"extension, and the directories to search for those libraries. The " +"``libraries`` option is a list of libraries to link against, " +"``library_dirs`` is a list of directories to search for libraries at link-" +"time, and ``runtime_library_dirs`` is a list of directories to search for " +"shared (dynamically loaded) libraries at run-time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:317 +msgid "" +"For example, if you need to link against libraries known to be in the " +"standard library search path on target systems ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:323 +msgid "" +"If you need to link with libraries in a non-standard location, you'll have " +"to include the location in ``library_dirs``::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:330 +msgid "" +"(Again, this sort of non-portable construct should be avoided if you intend " +"to distribute your code.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:337 +msgid "Other options" +msgstr "其他选项" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:339 +msgid "" +"There are still some other options which can be used to handle special " +"cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:341 +msgid "" +"The ``optional`` option is a boolean; if it is true, a build failure in the " +"extension will not abort the build process, but instead simply not install " +"the failing extension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The ``extra_objects`` option is a list of object files to be passed to the " +"linker. These files must not have extensions, as the default extension for " +"the compiler is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:349 +msgid "" +"``extra_compile_args`` and ``extra_link_args`` can be used to specify " +"additional command line options for the respective compiler and linker " +"command lines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:353 +msgid "" +"``export_symbols`` is only useful on Windows. It can contain a list of " +"symbols (functions or variables) to be exported. This option is not needed " +"when building compiled extensions: Distutils will automatically add " +"``initmodule`` to the list of exported symbols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The ``depends`` option is a list of files that the extension depends on (for" +" example header files). The build command will call the compiler on the " +"sources to rebuild extension if any on this files has been modified since " +"the previous build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:364 +msgid "Relationships between Distributions and Packages" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:366 +msgid "A distribution may relate to packages in three specific ways:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:368 +msgid "It can require packages or modules." +msgstr "它可以要求包或模块。" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:370 +msgid "It can provide packages or modules." +msgstr "它可以提供包或模块。" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:372 +msgid "It can obsolete packages or modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:374 +msgid "" +"These relationships can be specified using keyword arguments to the " +":func:`distutils.core.setup` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Dependencies on other Python modules and packages can be specified by " +"supplying the *requires* keyword argument to :func:`setup`. The value must " +"be a list of strings. Each string specifies a package that is required, and" +" optionally what versions are sufficient." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:382 +msgid "" +"To specify that any version of a module or package is required, the string " +"should consist entirely of the module or package name. Examples include " +"``'mymodule'`` and ``'xml.parsers.expat'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:386 +msgid "" +"If specific versions are required, a sequence of qualifiers can be supplied " +"in parentheses. Each qualifier may consist of a comparison operator and a " +"version number. The accepted comparison operators are::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:393 +msgid "" +"These can be combined by using multiple qualifiers separated by commas (and " +"optional whitespace). In this case, all of the qualifiers must be matched; " +"a logical AND is used to combine the evaluations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:397 +msgid "Let's look at a bunch of examples:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:400 +msgid "Requires Expression" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:400 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:418 +msgid "Explanation" +msgstr "说明" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:402 +msgid "``==1.0``" +msgstr "``==1.0``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:402 +msgid "Only version ``1.0`` is compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:404 +msgid "``>1.0, !=1.5.1, <2.0``" +msgstr "``>1.0, !=1.5.1, <2.0``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Any version after ``1.0`` and before ``2.0`` is compatible, except ``1.5.1``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:408 +msgid "" +"Now that we can specify dependencies, we also need to be able to specify " +"what we provide that other distributions can require. This is done using " +"the *provides* keyword argument to :func:`setup`. The value for this keyword" +" is a list of strings, each of which names a Python module or package, and " +"optionally identifies the version. If the version is not specified, it is " +"assumed to match that of the distribution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:415 +msgid "Some examples:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:418 +msgid "Provides Expression" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:420 +msgid "``mypkg``" +msgstr "``mypkg``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:420 +msgid "Provide ``mypkg``, using the distribution version" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:423 +msgid "``mypkg (1.1)``" +msgstr "``mypkg (1.1)``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:423 +msgid "Provide ``mypkg`` version 1.1, regardless of the distribution version" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:427 +msgid "" +"A package can declare that it obsoletes other packages using the *obsoletes*" +" keyword argument. The value for this is similar to that of the *requires* " +"keyword: a list of strings giving module or package specifiers. Each " +"specifier consists of a module or package name optionally followed by one or" +" more version qualifiers. Version qualifiers are given in parentheses after" +" the module or package name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:434 +msgid "" +"The versions identified by the qualifiers are those that are obsoleted by " +"the distribution being described. If no qualifiers are given, all versions " +"of the named module or package are understood to be obsoleted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:441 +msgid "Installing Scripts" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:443 +msgid "" +"So far we have been dealing with pure and non-pure Python modules, which are" +" usually not run by themselves but imported by scripts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Scripts are files containing Python source code, intended to be started from" +" the command line. Scripts don't require Distutils to do anything very " +"complicated. The only clever feature is that if the first line of the script" +" starts with ``#!`` and contains the word \"python\", the Distutils will " +"adjust the first line to refer to the current interpreter location. By " +"default, it is replaced with the current interpreter location. The " +":option:`!--executable` (or :option:`!-e`) option will allow the interpreter" +" path to be explicitly overridden." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:454 +msgid "" +"The ``scripts`` option simply is a list of files to be handled in this way." +" From the PyXML setup script::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:461 +msgid "" +"All the scripts will also be added to the ``MANIFEST`` file if no template " +"is provided. See :ref:`manifest`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:469 +msgid "Installing Package Data" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:471 +msgid "" +"Often, additional files need to be installed into a package. These files " +"are often data that's closely related to the package's implementation, or " +"text files containing documentation that might be of interest to programmers" +" using the package. These files are called :dfn:`package data`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:476 +msgid "" +"Package data can be added to packages using the ``package_data`` keyword " +"argument to the :func:`setup` function. The value must be a mapping from " +"package name to a list of relative path names that should be copied into the" +" package. The paths are interpreted as relative to the directory containing" +" the package (information from the ``package_dir`` mapping is used if " +"appropriate); that is, the files are expected to be part of the package in " +"the source directories. They may contain glob patterns as well." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:484 +msgid "" +"The path names may contain directory portions; any necessary directories " +"will be created in the installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:487 +msgid "" +"For example, if a package should contain a subdirectory with several data " +"files, the files can be arranged like this in the source tree::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:500 +msgid "The corresponding call to :func:`setup` might be::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:509 +msgid "" +"All the files that match ``package_data`` will be added to the ``MANIFEST`` " +"file if no template is provided. See :ref:`manifest`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:517 +msgid "Installing Additional Files" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:519 +msgid "" +"The ``data_files`` option can be used to specify additional files needed by " +"the module distribution: configuration files, message catalogs, data files, " +"anything which doesn't fit in the previous categories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:523 +msgid "" +"``data_files`` specifies a sequence of (*directory*, *files*) pairs in the " +"following way::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Each (*directory*, *files*) pair in the sequence specifies the installation " +"directory and the files to install there." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Each file name in *files* is interpreted relative to the :file:`setup.py` " +"script at the top of the package source distribution. Note that you can " +"specify the directory where the data files will be installed, but you cannot" +" rename the data files themselves." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:539 +msgid "" +"The *directory* should be a relative path. It is interpreted relative to the" +" installation prefix (Python's ``sys.prefix`` for system installations; " +"``site.USER_BASE`` for user installations). Distutils allows *directory* to " +"be an absolute installation path, but this is discouraged since it is " +"incompatible with the wheel packaging format. No directory information from " +"*files* is used to determine the final location of the installed file; only " +"the name of the file is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:547 +msgid "" +"You can specify the ``data_files`` options as a simple sequence of files " +"without specifying a target directory, but this is not recommended, and the " +":command:`install` command will print a warning in this case. To install " +"data files directly in the target directory, an empty string should be given" +" as the directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:553 +msgid "" +"All the files that match ``data_files`` will be added to the ``MANIFEST`` " +"file if no template is provided. See :ref:`manifest`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:561 +msgid "Additional meta-data" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:563 +msgid "" +"The setup script may include additional meta-data beyond the name and " +"version. This information includes:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:567 +msgid "Meta-Data" +msgstr "元数据" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:567 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:567 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:567 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:569 +msgid "``name``" +msgstr "``name``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:569 +msgid "name of the package" +msgstr "包名称" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:569 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:571 +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:573 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:578 +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:585 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:601 +msgid "short string" +msgstr "短字符串" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:569 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:583 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:571 +msgid "``version``" +msgstr "``version``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:571 +msgid "version of this release" +msgstr "此发布的版本" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:571 +msgid "(1)(2)" +msgstr "(1)(2)" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:573 +msgid "``author``" +msgstr "``author``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:573 +msgid "package author's name" +msgstr "软件包作者的姓名" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:573 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:575 +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:578 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:580 +msgid "\\(3)" +msgstr "\\(3)" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:575 +msgid "``author_email``" +msgstr "``author_email``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:575 +msgid "email address of the package author" +msgstr "软件包的作者的电子邮件地址" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:575 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:580 +msgid "email address" +msgstr "电子邮件地址" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:578 +msgid "``maintainer``" +msgstr "``maintainer``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:578 +msgid "package maintainer's name" +msgstr "软件包维护者的名字" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:580 +msgid "``maintainer_email``" +msgstr "``maintainer_email``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:580 +msgid "email address of the package maintainer" +msgstr "软件包维护者的电子邮件地址" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:583 +msgid "``url``" +msgstr "``url``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:583 +msgid "home page for the package" +msgstr "软件包的网址" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:583 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:592 +msgid "URL" +msgstr "网址" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:585 +msgid "``description``" +msgstr "``description``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:585 +msgid "short, summary description of the package" +msgstr "软件包的简短摘要说明" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:589 +msgid "``long_description``" +msgstr "``long_description``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:589 +msgid "longer description of the package" +msgstr "软件包的详细说明" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:589 +msgid "long string" +msgstr "长字符串" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:589 +msgid "\\(4)" +msgstr "\\(4)" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:592 +msgid "``download_url``" +msgstr "``download_url``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:592 +msgid "location where the package may be downloaded" +msgstr "可以下载软件包的网址" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:595 +msgid "``classifiers``" +msgstr "``classifiers``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:595 +msgid "a list of classifiers" +msgstr "分类列表" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:595 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:597 +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:599 +msgid "list of strings" +msgstr "字符串列表" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:595 +msgid "(6)(7)" +msgstr "(6)(7)" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:597 +msgid "``platforms``" +msgstr "``platforms``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:597 +msgid "a list of platforms" +msgstr "平台清单" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:597 ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:599 +msgid "(6)(8)" +msgstr "(6)(8)" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:599 +msgid "``keywords``" +msgstr "``keywords``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:599 +msgid "a list of keywords" +msgstr "关键字列表" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:601 +msgid "``license``" +msgstr "``license``" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:601 +msgid "license for the package" +msgstr "软件包许可证" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:601 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:604 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:607 +msgid "These fields are required." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:610 +msgid "" +"It is recommended that versions take the form *major.minor[.patch[.sub]]*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:613 +msgid "" +"Either the author or the maintainer must be identified. If maintainer is " +"provided, distutils lists it as the author in :file:`PKG-INFO`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:617 +msgid "" +"The ``long_description`` field is used by PyPI when you publish a package, " +"to build its project page." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:621 +msgid "" +"The ``license`` field is a text indicating the license covering the package " +"where the license is not a selection from the \"License\" Trove classifiers." +" See the ``Classifier`` field. Notice that there's a ``licence`` " +"distribution option which is deprecated but still acts as an alias for " +"``license``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:628 +msgid "This field must be a list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:631 +msgid "" +"The valid classifiers are listed on `PyPI `_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:635 +msgid "" +"To preserve backward compatibility, this field also accepts a string. If you" +" pass a comma-separated string ``'foo, bar'``, it will be converted to " +"``['foo', 'bar']``, Otherwise, it will be converted to a list of one string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:641 +msgid "'short string'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:641 +msgid "A single line of text, not more than 200 characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:645 +msgid "'long string'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Multiple lines of plain text in reStructuredText format (see " +"http://docutils.sourceforge.net/)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:648 +msgid "'list of strings'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:648 +msgid "See below." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:650 +msgid "" +"Encoding the version information is an art in itself. Python packages " +"generally adhere to the version format *major.minor[.patch][sub]*. The major" +" number is 0 for initial, experimental releases of software. It is " +"incremented for releases that represent major milestones in a package. The " +"minor number is incremented when important new features are added to the " +"package. The patch number increments when bug-fix releases are made. " +"Additional trailing version information is sometimes used to indicate sub-" +"releases. These are \"a1,a2,...,aN\" (for alpha releases, where " +"functionality and API may change), \"b1,b2,...,bN\" (for beta releases, " +"which only fix bugs) and \"pr1,pr2,...,prN\" (for final pre-release release " +"testing). Some examples:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:662 +msgid "0.1.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:662 +msgid "the first, experimental release of a package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:665 +msgid "1.0.1a2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:665 +msgid "the second alpha release of the first patch version of 1.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:667 +msgid "``classifiers`` must be specified in a list::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:688 +msgid "" +":class:`~distutils.core.setup` now warns when ``classifiers``, ``keywords`` " +"or ``platforms`` fields are not specified as a list or a string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:695 +msgid "Debugging the setup script" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:697 +msgid "" +"Sometimes things go wrong, and the setup script doesn't do what the " +"developer wants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:700 +msgid "" +"Distutils catches any exceptions when running the setup script, and print a " +"simple error message before the script is terminated. The motivation for " +"this behaviour is to not confuse administrators who don't know much about " +"Python and are trying to install a package. If they get a big long " +"traceback from deep inside the guts of Distutils, they may think the package" +" or the Python installation is broken because they don't read all the way " +"down to the bottom and see that it's a permission problem." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../distutils/setupscript.rst:708 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, this doesn't help the developer to find the cause of the " +"failure. For this purpose, the :envvar:`DISTUTILS_DEBUG` environment " +"variable can be set to anything except an empty string, and distutils will " +"now print detailed information about what it is doing, dump the full " +"traceback when an exception occurs, and print the whole command line when an" +" external program (like a C compiler) fails." +msgstr "" diff --git a/distutils/sourcedist.po b/distutils/sourcedist.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e6c23a4a --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/sourcedist.po @@ -0,0 +1,507 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:5 +msgid "Creating a Source Distribution" +msgstr "创建源代码分发包" + +#: ../../distutils/_setuptools_disclaimer.rst:3 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:9 +msgid "" +"As shown in section :ref:`distutils-simple-example`, you use the " +":command:`sdist` command to create a source distribution. In the simplest " +"case, ::" +msgstr "" +"如 :ref:`distutils-simple-example` 一节所示，可以使用 :command:`sdist` 命令来创建一个源代码分发包。 " +"在最简单的场景下，::" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:14 +msgid "" +"(assuming you haven't specified any :command:`sdist` options in the setup " +"script or config file), :command:`sdist` creates the archive of the default " +"format for the current platform. The default format is a gzip'ed tar file " +"(:file:`.tar.gz`) on Unix, and ZIP file on Windows." +msgstr "" +"（假定你没有在设置脚本或配置文件中指定任何 :command:`sdist` 选项），:command:`sdist` " +"将创建基于当前平台的默认格式的归档。 在 Unix 上默认格式为 gzip 的 tar 文件，而在 Windows 上则为 ZIP 文件。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:19 +msgid "" +"You can specify as many formats as you like using the :option:`!--formats` " +"option, for example::" +msgstr "你可以使用 :option:`!--formats` 选项来指定任何你想要的格式，例如::" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:24 +msgid "" +"to create a gzipped tarball and a zip file. The available formats are:" +msgstr "是创建一个 gzip 的 tar 文件和一个 zip 文件。 可用的格式有:" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:27 +msgid "Format" +msgstr "格式" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:27 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:27 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:29 +msgid "``zip``" +msgstr "``zip``" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:29 +msgid "zip file (:file:`.zip`)" +msgstr "zip 文件 (:file:`.zip`)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:29 +msgid "(1),(3)" +msgstr "(1),(3)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:31 +msgid "``gztar``" +msgstr "``gztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:31 +msgid "gzip'ed tar file (:file:`.tar.gz`)" +msgstr "gzip 的 tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.gz`)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:31 +msgid "\\(2)" +msgstr "\\(2)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:34 +msgid "``bztar``" +msgstr "``bztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:34 +msgid "bzip2'ed tar file (:file:`.tar.bz2`)" +msgstr "bzip2 的 tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.bz2`)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:34 ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:37 +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:43 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:37 +msgid "``xztar``" +msgstr "``xztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:37 +msgid "xz'ed tar file (:file:`.tar.xz`)" +msgstr "xz 的 tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.xz`)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:40 +msgid "``ztar``" +msgstr "``ztar``" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:40 +msgid "compressed tar file (:file:`.tar.Z`)" +msgstr "带压缩的 tar 文件 (:file:`.tar.Z`)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:40 +msgid "(4),(5)" +msgstr "(4),(5)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:43 +msgid "``tar``" +msgstr "``tar``" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:43 +msgid "tar file (:file:`.tar`)" +msgstr "tar 文件 (:file:`.tar`)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:46 +msgid "Added support for the ``xztar`` format." +msgstr "添加了对 ``xztar`` 格式的支持" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:49 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:52 +msgid "default on Windows" +msgstr "默认Windows" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:55 +msgid "default on Unix" +msgstr "默认 Unix" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:58 +msgid "" +"requires either external :program:`zip` utility or :mod:`zipfile` module " +"(part of the standard Python library since Python 1.6)" +msgstr "" +"需要有外部 :program:`zip` 工具或 :mod:`zipfile` 模块（自 Python 1.6 起是标准 Python 库的一部分）" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:62 +msgid "" +"requires the :program:`compress` program. Notice that this format is now " +"pending for deprecation and will be removed in the future versions of " +"Python." +msgstr "需要有 :program:`compress` 程序。 请注意此格式计划要弃用并将在未来的 Python 版本中被移除。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:65 +msgid "" +"deprecated by `PEP 527 `_; `PyPI " +"`_ only accepts ``.zip`` and ``.tar.gz`` files." +msgstr "" +"已被 `PEP 527 `_ 弃用; `PyPI " +"`_ 只接受 ``.zip`` 和 ``.tar.gz`` 文件。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:68 +msgid "" +"When using any ``tar`` format (``gztar``, ``bztar``, ``xztar``, ``ztar`` or " +"``tar``), under Unix you can specify the ``owner`` and ``group`` names that " +"will be set for each member of the archive." +msgstr "" +"当使用任意 ``tar`` 格式 (``gztar``, ``bztar``, ``xztar``, ``ztar`` 或 ``tar``) 时，在 " +"Unix 中你可以指定将为每个归档成员设置的 ``owner`` 和 ``group`` 名称。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:72 +msgid "" +"For example, if you want all files of the archive to be owned by root::" +msgstr "举例来说，如果你希望归档中的全部文件均为 root 所有::" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:80 +msgid "Specifying the files to distribute" +msgstr "指定要分发的文件" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:82 +msgid "" +"If you don't supply an explicit list of files (or instructions on how to " +"generate one), the :command:`sdist` command puts a minimal default set into " +"the source distribution:" +msgstr "如果你没有显式提供文件列表（或如何生成该列表的说明），则 :command:`sdist` 命令会将一个最小化默认集加入源代码分发版:" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:86 +msgid "" +"all Python source files implied by the ``py_modules`` and ``packages`` " +"options" +msgstr "通过 ``py_modules`` 和 ``packages`` 选项指明的所有 Python 源文件" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:89 +msgid "" +"all C source files mentioned in the ``ext_modules`` or ``libraries`` options" +msgstr "在 ``ext_modules`` 在 ``libraries`` 选项提及的所有 C 源代码文件" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:95 +msgid "" +"scripts identified by the ``scripts`` option See :ref:`distutils-installing-" +"scripts`." +msgstr "通过 ``scripts`` 选项标识的脚本，参见 :ref:`distutils-installing-scripts`。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:98 +msgid "" +"anything that looks like a test script: :file:`test/test\\*.py` (currently, " +"the Distutils don't do anything with test scripts except include them in " +"source distributions, but in the future there will be a standard for testing" +" Python module distributions)" +msgstr "" +"任何看起来像是测试脚本的文件: :file:`test/test\\*.py` (目前，Distutils " +"不会对测试脚本做除了将它们包括到源代码分发版以外的任何操作，但是在未来将会有一个测试 Python 模块分发版的标准)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Any of the standard README files (:file:`README`, :file:`README.txt`, or " +":file:`README.rst`), :file:`setup.py` (or whatever you called your setup " +"script), and :file:`setup.cfg`." +msgstr "" +"任何标准的 README 文件 (:file:`README`, :file:`README.txt` 或 :file:`README.rst`), " +":file:`setup.py` (或任何你指定的安装脚本) 以及 :file:`setup.cfg`。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:107 +msgid "" +"all files that matches the ``package_data`` metadata. See :ref:`distutils-" +"installing-package-data`." +msgstr "" +"所有匹配 ``package_data`` 元数据的文件。 参见 :ref:`distutils-installing-package-data`。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:110 +msgid "" +"all files that matches the ``data_files`` metadata. See :ref:`distutils-" +"additional-files`." +msgstr "所有匹配 ``data_files`` 元数据的文件。 参见 :ref:`distutils-additional-files`。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Sometimes this is enough, but usually you will want to specify additional " +"files to distribute. The typical way to do this is to write a *manifest " +"template*, called :file:`MANIFEST.in` by default. The manifest template is " +"just a list of instructions for how to generate your manifest file, " +":file:`MANIFEST`, which is the exact list of files to include in your source" +" distribution. The :command:`sdist` command processes this template and " +"generates a manifest based on its instructions and what it finds in the " +"filesystem." +msgstr "" +"有时这就足够了，但通常你还会希望指定要分发的额外文件。 实现这一点的通常方式是编写一个 *声明模板*，默认名称为 " +":file:`MANIFEST.in`。 声明模板就是一个有关如何生成你的声明文件 :file:`MANIFEST` " +"的指令列表，也就是要实际包括在你的源代码分发版中的文件的列表。 :command:`sdist` " +"命令会处理这个模板并基于其指令及其在文件系统中的查找结果生成一个声明文件。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:121 +msgid "" +"If you prefer to roll your own manifest file, the format is simple: one " +"filename per line, regular files (or symlinks to them) only. If you do " +"supply your own :file:`MANIFEST`, you must specify everything: the default " +"set of files described above does not apply in this case." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要制作你自己的声明文件，格式很简单：每行一个文件名，仅限常规文件。 如果你提供你自己的 " +":file:`MANIFEST`，你必须指明一切：上面描述的默认集将不适用于这种情况。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:126 +msgid "" +"An existing generated :file:`MANIFEST` will be regenerated without " +":command:`sdist` comparing its modification time to the one of " +":file:`MANIFEST.in` or :file:`setup.py`." +msgstr "" +"现有的已生成 :file:`MANIFEST` 将被生成而无需 :command:`sdist` 来将其修改时间与 " +":file:`MANIFEST.in` 或 :file:`setup.py` 的修改时间进行比较。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:131 +msgid "" +":file:`MANIFEST` files start with a comment indicating they are generated. " +"Files without this comment are not overwritten or removed." +msgstr ":file:`MANIFEST` 文件以一个表明它们已生成的注释开始。 没有这条注释的文件不会被覆盖或移除。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:135 +msgid "" +":command:`sdist` will read a :file:`MANIFEST` file if no :file:`MANIFEST.in`" +" exists, like it used to do." +msgstr "" +":command:`sdist` 将在不存在 :file:`MANIFEST.in` 时读取一个 :file:`MANIFEST` " +"文件，如它以前所做的一样。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:139 +msgid "" +":file:`README.rst` is now included in the list of distutils standard " +"READMEs." +msgstr ":file:`README.rst` 现在已被包括在 distutils 标准 README 列表中。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The manifest template has one command per line, where each command specifies" +" a set of files to include or exclude from the source distribution. For an " +"example, again we turn to the Distutils' own manifest template:" +msgstr "" +"声明模板每行都有一个命令，其中每个命令指定了一组源代码发布版中要包括或排除的文件。 举例来说，我们再次关注 Distutils 自己的声明模板:" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:153 +msgid "" +"The meanings should be fairly clear: include all files in the distribution " +"root matching :file:`\\*.txt`, all files anywhere under the :file:`examples`" +" directory matching :file:`\\*.txt` or :file:`\\*.py`, and exclude all " +"directories matching :file:`examples/sample?/build`. All of this is done " +"*after* the standard include set, so you can exclude files from the standard" +" set with explicit instructions in the manifest template. (Or, you can use " +"the :option:`!--no-defaults` option to disable the standard set entirely.) " +"There are several other commands available in the manifest template mini-" +"language; see section :ref:`sdist-cmd`." +msgstr "" +"其含义应当很清楚：包括发布在根目录中所有匹配 :file:`\\*.txt` 的文件，在 :file:`examples` 目录下任何位置上匹配 " +":file:`\\*.txt` 或 :file:`\\*.py` 的所有文件，并排除匹配 :file:`examples/sample?/build` " +"的所有目录。 所有这些操作都将在标准的包括集 *之后* 执行，因此你可以通过在声明模板中的显式指令来排除标准集中的文件。 （或者，你也可以使用 " +":option:`!--no-defaults` 选项来完全禁用标准集。） 在声明模板迷你语言中还有一些其他的可用命令；参见 :ref:`sdist-" +"cmd` 小节。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:163 +msgid "" +"The order of commands in the manifest template matters: initially, we have " +"the list of default files as described above, and each command in the " +"template adds to or removes from that list of files. Once we have fully " +"processed the manifest template, we remove files that should not be included" +" in the source distribution:" +msgstr "" +"声明模板中命令的顺序是很重要的：在初始状态下，我们有如上所述的默认文件列表，而模板中的每个命令将在该文件列表中添加或移除条目。 " +"一旦我们完全处理好声明模板，我们将再移除不应包括在源代码发布版中的文件:" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:169 +msgid "all files in the Distutils \"build\" tree (default :file:`build/`)" +msgstr "Distutils \"构建\" 目录树中的所有文件 (默认值 :file:`build/`)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:171 +msgid "" +"all files in directories named :file:`RCS`, :file:`CVS`, :file:`.svn`, " +":file:`.hg`, :file:`.git`, :file:`.bzr` or :file:`_darcs`" +msgstr "" +"目录中所有名为 :file:`RCS`, :file:`CVS`, :file:`.svn`, :file:`.hg`, :file:`.git`, " +":file:`.bzr` 或 :file:`_darcs` 的文件" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Now we have our complete list of files, which is written to the manifest for" +" future reference, and then used to build the source distribution " +"archive(s)." +msgstr "现在我们有了完整的文件列表，它已被写入声明以供将来引用，并随后用于构建源代码分发压缩 包。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:177 +msgid "" +"You can disable the default set of included files with the :option:`!--no-" +"defaults` option, and you can disable the standard exclude set with " +":option:`!--no-prune`." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过 :option:`!--no-defaults` 选项禁用默认的包括文件集，你还可以通过 :option:`!--no-prune` " +"禁用默认的排除文件集。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Following the Distutils' own manifest template, let's trace how the " +":command:`sdist` command builds the list of files to include in the " +"Distutils source distribution:" +msgstr "" +"跟随 Distutils 自己的声明模板，让我们追踪' own manifest template, let's trace how the " +":command:`sdist` 命令是如何构建要包括在 Distutils 源代码分发版中的文件列表的:" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:185 +msgid "" +"include all Python source files in the :file:`distutils` and " +":file:`distutils/command` subdirectories (because packages corresponding to " +"those two directories were mentioned in the ``packages`` option in the setup" +" script---see section :ref:`setup-script`)" +msgstr "" +"包括 :file:`distutils` 和 :file:`distutils/command` 子目录中的所有 Python " +"源代码文件（因为与这两个目录对应的包在 setup 脚本的 ``packages`` 选项中被提及 --- 参见 :ref:`setup-script`" +" 一节）" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:190 +msgid "" +"include :file:`README.txt`, :file:`setup.py`, and :file:`setup.cfg` " +"(standard files)" +msgstr "包括 :file:`README.txt`, :file:`setup.py` 和 :file:`setup.cfg` (标准文件)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:193 +msgid "include :file:`test/test\\*.py` (standard files)" +msgstr "包括 :file:`test/test\\*.py` (标准文件)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:195 +msgid "" +"include :file:`\\*.txt` in the distribution root (this will find " +":file:`README.txt` a second time, but such redundancies are weeded out " +"later)" +msgstr "包括分发根目录下的 :file:`\\*.txt` (这将第二次找到 :file:`README.txt`，但这样的冗余随后会被清除)" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:198 +msgid "" +"include anything matching :file:`\\*.txt` or :file:`\\*.py` in the sub-tree " +"under :file:`examples`," +msgstr "包括 :file:`examples` 下所有子目录树中匹配 :file:`\\*.txt` 或 :file:`\\*.py` 的任何文件，" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:201 +msgid "" +"exclude all files in the sub-trees starting at directories matching " +":file:`examples/sample?/build`\\ ---this may exclude files included by the " +"previous two steps, so it's important that the ``prune`` command in the " +"manifest template comes after the ``recursive-include`` command" +msgstr "" +"排除从匹配 :file:`examples/sample?/build` 的目录开始的子目录树中的所有文件 --- " +"这可能会排除之前两个步骤所包括的文件，因此重要的一点是声明模板中的 ``prune`` 命令应放在 ``recursive-include`` 命令之后" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:206 +msgid "" +"exclude the entire :file:`build` tree, and any :file:`RCS`, :file:`CVS`, " +":file:`.svn`, :file:`.hg`, :file:`.git`, :file:`.bzr` and :file:`_darcs` " +"directories" +msgstr "" +"排除整个 :file:`build` 目录树，以及任何 :file:`RCS`, :file:`CVS`, :file:`.svn`, " +":file:`.hg`, :file:`.git`, :file:`.bzr` and :file:`_darcs` 目录" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Just like in the setup script, file and directory names in the manifest " +"template should always be slash-separated; the Distutils will take care of " +"converting them to the standard representation on your platform. That way, " +"the manifest template is portable across operating systems." +msgstr "" +"就像在设置脚本中一样，声明模板中的文件和目录名应当总是以斜杠分隔；Distutils 将会负责把它们转化为你的系统平台上的标准表示形式。 " +"通过这种方式，声明模板将可跨操作系统移植。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:219 +msgid "Manifest-related options" +msgstr "声明相关选项" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:221 +msgid "" +"The normal course of operations for the :command:`sdist` command is as " +"follows:" +msgstr "针对 :command:`sdist` 命令的正常操作过程如下:" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:223 +msgid "" +"if the manifest file (:file:`MANIFEST` by default) exists and the first line" +" does not have a comment indicating it is generated from " +":file:`MANIFEST.in`, then it is used as is, unaltered" +msgstr "" +"如果声明文件 (默认为 :file:`MANIFEST`) 存在且第一行不为表示它是由 :file:`MANIFEST.in` " +"生成的注释，则它会被不加修改地原样使用" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:227 +msgid "" +"if the manifest file doesn't exist or has been previously automatically " +"generated, read :file:`MANIFEST.in` and create the manifest" +msgstr "如果声明文件不存在或是在此之前被自动生成的，则读取 :file:`MANIFEST.in` 并创建声明文件" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:230 +msgid "" +"if neither :file:`MANIFEST` nor :file:`MANIFEST.in` exist, create a manifest" +" with just the default file set" +msgstr "如果 :file:`MANIFEST` 或 :file:`MANIFEST.in` 均不存在，则使用默认文件集创建声明文件" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:233 +msgid "" +"use the list of files now in :file:`MANIFEST` (either just generated or read" +" in) to create the source distribution archive(s)" +msgstr "使用当前 :file:`MANIFEST` (刚生成的或读入的) 中的文件列表创建源代码分发压缩包" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:236 +msgid "" +"There are a couple of options that modify this behaviour. First, use the " +":option:`!--no-defaults` and :option:`!--no-prune` to disable the standard " +"\"include\" and \"exclude\" sets." +msgstr "" +"有数个选项可以修改此行为。 首先，使用 :option:`!--no-defaults` 和 :option:`!--no-prune` 来禁用标准的 " +"\"包括\" 和 \"排除\" 集。" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Second, you might just want to (re)generate the manifest, but not create a " +"source distribution::" +msgstr "第二，你可能只是想要（重）生成声明文件，但不想要创建源代码分发包::" + +#: ../../distutils/sourcedist.rst:245 +msgid ":option:`!-o` is a shortcut for :option:`!--manifest-only`." +msgstr ":option:`!-o` 是 :option:`!--manifest-only` 的缩写。" diff --git a/distutils/uploading.po b/distutils/uploading.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..90bbbf000 --- /dev/null +++ b/distutils/uploading.po @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# 刘士 , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: 刘士 , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../distutils/uploading.rst:5 +msgid "Uploading Packages to the Package Index" +msgstr "上传包到包索引" + +#: ../../distutils/uploading.rst:7 +msgid "" +"References to up to date PyPI documentation can be found at " +":ref:`publishing-python-packages`." +msgstr "供参考的最新 PyPI 文档可以在 :ref:`publishing-python-packages` 找到。" diff --git a/extending/building.po b/extending/building.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b941a9e3e --- /dev/null +++ b/extending/building.po @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Harry Liu. , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:7 +msgid "Building C and C++ Extensions" +msgstr "构建C/C++扩展" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:9 +msgid "" +"A C extension for CPython is a shared library (e.g. a ``.so`` file on Linux," +" ``.pyd`` on Windows), which exports an *initialization function*." +msgstr "" +"一个CPython的C扩展是一个共享库(例如一个Linux上的 ``.so`` ，或者Windows上的 ``.pyd`` )，其会导出一个 " +"*初始化函数* 。" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:12 +msgid "" +"To be importable, the shared library must be available on " +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH`, and must be named after the module name, with an " +"appropriate extension. When using setuptools, the correct filename is " +"generated automatically." +msgstr "" +"为了可导入，共享库必须在 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 中列出，且必须按照模块名称命名，并带有正确的扩展名。 当使用 setuptools " +"时，会自动生成正确的文件名。" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:16 +msgid "The initialization function has the signature:" +msgstr "初始化函数的声明如下：" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:20 +msgid "" +"It returns either a fully initialized module, or a :c:type:`PyModuleDef` " +"instance. See :ref:`initializing-modules` for details." +msgstr "" +"该函数返回完整初始化过的模块，或一个 :c:type:`PyModuleDef` 实例。 请查看 :ref:`initializing-modules`" +" 了解详情。" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:25 +msgid "" +"For modules with ASCII-only names, the function must be named " +"``PyInit_``, with ```` replaced by the name of the " +"module. When using :ref:`multi-phase-initialization`, non-ASCII module names" +" are allowed. In this case, the initialization function name is " +"``PyInitU_``, with ```` encoded using Python's " +"*punycode* encoding with hyphens replaced by underscores. In Python::" +msgstr "" +"对于仅有ASCII编码的模块名，函数必须是 ``PyInit_`` ，将 ```` " +"替换为模块的名字。当使用 :ref:`multi-phase-initialization` " +"时，允许使用非ASCII编码的模块名。此时初始化函数的名字是 ``PyInitU_`` ，而 ```` " +"需要用Python的 *punycode* 编码，连字号需替换为下划线。在Python里::" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:32 +msgid "" +"def initfunc_name(name):\n" +" try:\n" +" suffix = b'_' + name.encode('ascii')\n" +" except UnicodeEncodeError:\n" +" suffix = b'U_' + name.encode('punycode').replace(b'-', b'_')\n" +" return b'PyInit' + suffix" +msgstr "" +"def initfunc_name(name):\n" +" try:\n" +" suffix = b'_' + name.encode('ascii')\n" +" except UnicodeEncodeError:\n" +" suffix = b'U_' + name.encode('punycode').replace(b'-', b'_')\n" +" return b'PyInit' + suffix" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:39 +msgid "" +"It is possible to export multiple modules from a single shared library by " +"defining multiple initialization functions. However, importing them requires" +" using symbolic links or a custom importer, because by default only the " +"function corresponding to the filename is found. See the *\"Multiple modules" +" in one library\"* section in :pep:`489` for details." +msgstr "" +"可以在一个动态库里导出多个模块，通过定义多个初始化函数。而导入他们需要符号链接或自定义导入器，因为缺省时只有对应了文件名的函数才会被发现。查看 " +"*\"一个库里的多模块\"* 章节，在 :pep:`489` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:52 +msgid "Building C and C++ Extensions with setuptools" +msgstr "使用 setuptools 构建 C 和 C++ 扩展" + +#: ../../extending/building.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Python 3.12 and newer no longer come with distutils. Please refer to the " +"``setuptools`` documentation at " +"https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html to learn more " +"about how build and distribute C/C++ extensions with setuptools." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.12 及更新的版本不再包含 distutils。 请参考 " +"https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的 " +"``setuptools`` 文档来更多地了解如何使用 setuptools 来构建和分发 C/C++ 扩展。" diff --git a/extending/embedding.po b/extending/embedding.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3789d9367 --- /dev/null +++ b/extending/embedding.po @@ -0,0 +1,779 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# weihaipy, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:8 +msgid "Embedding Python in Another Application" +msgstr "在其它应用程序嵌入 Python" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The previous chapters discussed how to extend Python, that is, how to extend" +" the functionality of Python by attaching a library of C functions to it. " +"It is also possible to do it the other way around: enrich your C/C++ " +"application by embedding Python in it. Embedding provides your application " +"with the ability to implement some of the functionality of your application " +"in Python rather than C or C++. This can be used for many purposes; one " +"example would be to allow users to tailor the application to their needs by " +"writing some scripts in Python. You can also use it yourself if some of the" +" functionality can be written in Python more easily." +msgstr "" +"前几章讨论了如何对 Python 进行扩展，也就是如何用 C 函数库 扩展 Python 的功能。反过来也是可以的：将 Python 嵌入到 C/C++" +" 应用程序中丰富其功能。这种嵌入可以让应用程序用 Python 来实现某些功能，而不是用 C 或 C++ 。用途会有很多；比如允许用户用 Python " +"编写一些脚本，以便定制应用程序满足需求。如果某些功能用 Python 编写起来更为容易，那么开发人员自己也能这么干。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Embedding Python is similar to extending it, but not quite. The difference " +"is that when you extend Python, the main program of the application is still" +" the Python interpreter, while if you embed Python, the main program may " +"have nothing to do with Python --- instead, some parts of the application " +"occasionally call the Python interpreter to run some Python code." +msgstr "" +"Python 的嵌入类似于扩展，但不完全相同。不同之处在于，扩展 Python 时应用程序的主程序仍然是 Python 解释器，而嵌入 Python " +"时的主程序可能与 Python 完全无关——而是应用程序的某些部分偶尔会调用 Python 解释器来运行一些 Python 代码。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:26 +msgid "" +"So if you are embedding Python, you are providing your own main program. " +"One of the things this main program has to do is initialize the Python " +"interpreter. At the very least, you have to call the function " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize`. There are optional calls to pass command line " +"arguments to Python. Then later you can call the interpreter from any part " +"of the application." +msgstr "" +"因此，若要嵌入 Python，就要提供自己的主程序。此主程序要做的事情之一就是初始化 Python 解释器。至少得调用函数 " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize`。还有些可选的调用可向 Python 传递命令行参数。之后即可从应用程序的任何地方调用解释器了。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:32 +msgid "" +"There are several different ways to call the interpreter: you can pass a " +"string containing Python statements to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString`, or you " +"can pass a stdio file pointer and a file name (for identification in error " +"messages only) to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFile`. You can also call the lower-" +"level operations described in the previous chapters to construct and use " +"Python objects." +msgstr "" +"调用解释器的方式有好几种：可向 :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` 传入一个包含 Python 语句的字符串，也可向 " +":c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFile` 传入一个 stdio " +"文件指针和一个文件名（仅在错误信息中起到识别作用）。还可以调用前面介绍过的底层操作来构造并使用 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:41 +msgid ":ref:`c-api-index`" +msgstr ":ref:`c-api-index`" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:42 +msgid "" +"The details of Python's C interface are given in this manual. A great deal " +"of necessary information can be found here." +msgstr "本文详细介绍了 Python 的 C 接口。这里有大量必要的信息。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:49 +msgid "Very High Level Embedding" +msgstr "高层次的嵌入" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The simplest form of embedding Python is the use of the very high level " +"interface. This interface is intended to execute a Python script without " +"needing to interact with the application directly. This can for example be " +"used to perform some operation on a file. ::" +msgstr "" +"最简单的 Python 嵌入形式就是采用非常高层的接口。该接口的目标是只执行一段 Python " +"脚本，而无需与应用程序直接交互。比如以下代码可以用来对某个文件进行一些操作。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:56 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"int\n" +"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* optional but recommended */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name, argv[0]);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +" PyRun_SimpleString(\"from time import time,ctime\\n\"\n" +" \"print('Today is', ctime(time()))\\n\");\n" +" if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {\n" +" exit(120);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"\n" +" exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"int\n" +"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* 以下是可选的但推荐使用 */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name, argv[0]);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +" PyRun_SimpleString(\"from time import time,ctime\\n\"\n" +" \"print('Today is', ctime(time()))\\n\");\n" +" if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {\n" +" exit(120);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"\n" +" exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:92 +msgid "" +"``#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` was used to indicate that ``Py_ssize_t`` should" +" be used in some APIs instead of ``int``. It is not necessary since Python " +"3.13, but we keep it here for backward compatibility. See :ref:`arg-parsing-" +"string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro." +msgstr "" +"``#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` 被用来指明 ``Py_ssize_t`` 应当在某些 API 中代替 ``int`` 使用。 " +"它从 Python 3.13 起已不再需要，但我们保留它用于向下兼容。 请参阅 :ref:`arg-parsing-string-and-" +"buffers` 获取该宏的描述。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Setting :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` should be called before " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to inform the interpreter about paths to " +"Python run-time libraries. Next, the Python interpreter is initialized with" +" :c:func:`Py_Initialize`, followed by the execution of a hard-coded Python " +"script that prints the date and time. Afterwards, the " +":c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` call shuts the interpreter down, followed by the end" +" of the program. In a real program, you may want to get the Python script " +"from another source, perhaps a text-editor routine, a file, or a database. " +"Getting the Python code from a file can better be done by using the " +":c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFile` function, which saves you the trouble of " +"allocating memory space and loading the file contents." +msgstr "" +"设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` 应当在 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` " +"之前被调用以便告知解释器 Python 运行时库的路径。 接下来，Python 解释器将使用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` " +"来初始化，然后执行硬编码的 Python 脚本打印出日期和时间。 在此之后，:c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` " +"调用将关闭解释器，随即结束程序。 在真实的程序中，你可能需要从其他源获取 Python 脚本，或许是从文本编辑器例程、文件或者数据库等等。 使用 " +":c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFile` 函数可以更好地从文件获取 Python 代码，这将为你省去分配内存空间和加载文件内容的麻烦。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:112 +msgid "Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview" +msgstr "突破高层次嵌入的限制：概述" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:114 +msgid "" +"The high level interface gives you the ability to execute arbitrary pieces " +"of Python code from your application, but exchanging data values is quite " +"cumbersome to say the least. If you want that, you should use lower level " +"calls. At the cost of having to write more C code, you can achieve almost " +"anything." +msgstr "" +"高级接口能从应用程序中执行任何 Python " +"代码，但至少交换数据可说是相当麻烦的。如若需要交换数据，应使用较低级别的调用。几乎可以实现任何功能，代价是得写更多的 C 代码。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:119 +msgid "" +"It should be noted that extending Python and embedding Python is quite the " +"same activity, despite the different intent. Most topics discussed in the " +"previous chapters are still valid. To show this, consider what the extension" +" code from Python to C really does:" +msgstr "" +"应该注意，尽管意图不同，但扩展 Python 和嵌入 Python 的过程相当类似。前几章中讨论的大多数主题依然有效。为了说明这一点，不妨来看一下从 " +"Python 到 C 的扩展代码到底做了什么：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:124 +msgid "Convert data values from Python to C," +msgstr "将 Python 的数据转换为 C 格式，" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:126 +msgid "Perform a function call to a C routine using the converted values, and" +msgstr "用转换后的数据执行 C 程序的函数调用，" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:128 +msgid "Convert the data values from the call from C to Python." +msgstr "将调用返回的数据从 C 转换为 Python 格式。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:130 +msgid "When embedding Python, the interface code does:" +msgstr "嵌入 Python 时，接口代码会这样做：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:132 +msgid "Convert data values from C to Python," +msgstr "将 C 数据转换为 Python 格式，" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Perform a function call to a Python interface routine using the converted " +"values, and" +msgstr "用转换后的数据执行对 Python 接口的函数调用，" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:137 +msgid "Convert the data values from the call from Python to C." +msgstr "将调用返回的数据从 Python 转换为 C 格式。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:139 +msgid "" +"As you can see, the data conversion steps are simply swapped to accommodate " +"the different direction of the cross-language transfer. The only difference " +"is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, " +"you call a C routine, when embedding, you call a Python routine." +msgstr "" +"可见只是数据转换的步骤交换了一下顺序，以顺应跨语言的传输方向。唯一的区别是在两次数据转换之间调用的函数不同。在执行扩展时，调用一个 C " +"函数，而执行嵌入时调用的是个 Python 函数。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:144 +msgid "" +"This chapter will not discuss how to convert data from Python to C and vice " +"versa. Also, proper use of references and dealing with errors is assumed to" +" be understood. Since these aspects do not differ from extending the " +"interpreter, you can refer to earlier chapters for the required information." +msgstr "" +"本文不会讨论如何将数据从 Python 转换到 C " +"去，反之亦然。另外还假定读者能够正确使用引用并处理错误。由于这些地方与解释器的扩展没有区别，请参考前面的章节以获得所需的信息。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:153 +msgid "Pure Embedding" +msgstr "只做嵌入" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:155 +msgid "" +"The first program aims to execute a function in a Python script. Like in the" +" section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does " +"not directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next" +" section)." +msgstr "" +"第一个程序的目标是执行 Python 脚本中的某个函数。就像高层次接口那样，Python 解释器并不会直接与应用程序进行交互（但下一节将改变这一点）。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:160 +msgid "The code to run a function defined in a Python script is:" +msgstr "要运行 Python 脚本中定义的函数，代码如下：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:162 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"int\n" +"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pFunc;\n" +" PyObject *pArgs, *pValue;\n" +" int i;\n" +"\n" +" if (argc < 3) {\n" +" fprintf(stderr,\"Usage: call pythonfile funcname [args]\\n\");\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" Py_Initialize();\n" +" pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]);\n" +" /* Error checking of pName left out */\n" +"\n" +" pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pName);\n" +"\n" +" if (pModule != NULL) {\n" +" pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]);\n" +" /* pFunc is a new reference */\n" +"\n" +" if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {\n" +" pArgs = PyTuple_New(argc - 3);\n" +" for (i = 0; i < argc - 3; ++i) {\n" +" pValue = PyLong_FromLong(atoi(argv[i + 3]));\n" +" if (!pValue) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(pArgs);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot convert argument\\n\");\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" /* pValue reference stolen here: */\n" +" PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, i, pValue);\n" +" }\n" +" pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pArgs);\n" +" if (pValue != NULL) {\n" +" printf(\"Result of call: %ld\\n\", PyLong_AsLong(pValue));\n" +" Py_DECREF(pValue);\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" Py_DECREF(pFunc);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr,\"Call failed\\n\");\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" if (PyErr_Occurred())\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot find function \\\"%s\\\"\\n\", argv[2]);\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XDECREF(pFunc);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Failed to load \\\"%s\\\"\\n\", argv[1]);\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {\n" +" return 120;\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"int\n" +"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pFunc;\n" +" PyObject *pArgs, *pValue;\n" +" int i;\n" +"\n" +" if (argc < 3) {\n" +" fprintf(stderr,\"Usage: call pythonfile funcname [args]\\n\");\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" Py_Initialize();\n" +" pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]);\n" +" /* 略去 pName 的错误检测 */\n" +"\n" +" pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pName);\n" +"\n" +" if (pModule != NULL) {\n" +" pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]);\n" +" /* pFunc 是一个新引用 */\n" +"\n" +" if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {\n" +" pArgs = PyTuple_New(argc - 3);\n" +" for (i = 0; i < argc - 3; ++i) {\n" +" pValue = PyLong_FromLong(atoi(argv[i + 3]));\n" +" if (!pValue) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(pArgs);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot convert argument\\n\");\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" /* 这里偷取了 pValue 引用: */\n" +" PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, i, pValue);\n" +" }\n" +" pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pArgs);\n" +" if (pValue != NULL) {\n" +" printf(\"Result of call: %ld\\n\", PyLong_AsLong(pValue));\n" +" Py_DECREF(pValue);\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" Py_DECREF(pFunc);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr,\"Call failed\\n\");\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" if (PyErr_Occurred())\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot find function \\\"%s\\\"\\n\", argv[2]);\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XDECREF(pFunc);\n" +" Py_DECREF(pModule);\n" +" }\n" +" else {\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Failed to load \\\"%s\\\"\\n\", argv[1]);\n" +" return 1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {\n" +" return 120;\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:165 +msgid "" +"This code loads a Python script using ``argv[1]``, and calls the function " +"named in ``argv[2]``. Its integer arguments are the other values of the " +"``argv`` array. If you :ref:`compile and link ` this program " +"(let's call the finished executable :program:`call`), and use it to execute " +"a Python script, such as:" +msgstr "" +"上述代码先利用 ``argv[1]`` 加载 Python 脚本，再调用 ``argv[2]`` 指定的函数。函数的整数参数是 ``argv`` " +"数组中的其余值。如果 :ref:`编译并链接` 该程序（此处将最终的可执行程序称作 :program:`call`）, " +"并用它执行一个 Python 脚本，例如：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:171 +msgid "" +"def multiply(a,b):\n" +" print(\"Will compute\", a, \"times\", b)\n" +" c = 0\n" +" for i in range(0, a):\n" +" c = c + b\n" +" return c" +msgstr "" +"def multiply(a,b):\n" +" print(\"Will compute\", a, \"times\", b)\n" +" c = 0\n" +" for i in range(0, a):\n" +" c = c + b\n" +" return c" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:180 +msgid "then the result should be:" +msgstr "然后结果应该是：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:182 +msgid "" +"$ call multiply multiply 3 2\n" +"Will compute 3 times 2\n" +"Result of call: 6" +msgstr "" +"$ call multiply multiply 3 2\n" +"Will compute 3 times 2\n" +"Result of call: 6" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Although the program is quite large for its functionality, most of the code " +"is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The " +"interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with ::" +msgstr "" +"尽管相对其功能而言，该程序体积相当庞大，但大部分代码是用于 Python 和 C 之间的数据转换，以及报告错误。嵌入 Python 的有趣部分从此开始：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Py_Initialize();\n" +"pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]);\n" +"/* Error checking of pName left out */\n" +"pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);" +msgstr "" +"Py_Initialize();\n" +"pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]);\n" +"/* 略去 pName 的错误检测 */\n" +"pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:197 +msgid "" +"After initializing the interpreter, the script is loaded using " +":c:func:`PyImport_Import`. This routine needs a Python string as its " +"argument, which is constructed using the :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault`" +" data conversion routine. ::" +msgstr "" +"在初始化解析器之后，再使用 :c:func:`PyImport_Import` 加载脚本。 此例程需要一个 Python 字符串作为其参数，它是使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault` 数据转换例程来构造的。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:202 +msgid "" +"pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]);\n" +"/* pFunc is a new reference */\n" +"\n" +"if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {\n" +" ...\n" +"}\n" +"Py_XDECREF(pFunc);" +msgstr "" +"pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]);\n" +"/* pFunc 是一个新引用 */\n" +"\n" +"if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {\n" +" ...\n" +"}\n" +"Py_XDECREF(pFunc);" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Once the script is loaded, the name we're looking for is retrieved using " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`. If the name exists, and the object " +"returned is callable, you can safely assume that it is a function. The " +"program then proceeds by constructing a tuple of arguments as normal. The " +"call to the Python function is then made with::" +msgstr "" +"脚本一旦加载完毕，就会用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString` " +"查找属性名称。如果名称存在，并且返回的是可调用对象，即可安全地视其为函数。然后程序继续执行，照常构建由参数组成的元组。然后用以下方式调用 Python " +"函数：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:216 +msgid "pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);" +msgstr "pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Upon return of the function, ``pValue`` is either ``NULL`` or it contains a " +"reference to the return value of the function. Be sure to release the " +"reference after examining the value." +msgstr "当函数返回时，``pValue`` 要么为 ``NULL``，要么包含对函数返回值的引用。请确保用完后释放该引用。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:226 +msgid "Extending Embedded Python" +msgstr "对嵌入 Python 功能进行扩展" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Until now, the embedded Python interpreter had no access to functionality " +"from the application itself. The Python API allows this by extending the " +"embedded interpreter. That is, the embedded interpreter gets extended with " +"routines provided by the application. While it sounds complex, it is not so " +"bad. Simply forget for a while that the application starts the Python " +"interpreter. Instead, consider the application to be a set of subroutines, " +"and write some glue code that gives Python access to those routines, just " +"like you would write a normal Python extension. For example::" +msgstr "" +"到目前为止，嵌入的 Python 解释器还不能访问应用程序本身的功能。Python API 通过扩展嵌入解释器实现了这一点。 " +"也就是说，用应用程序提供的函数对嵌入的解释器进行扩展。虽然听起来有些复杂，但也没那么糟糕。只要暂时忘记是应用程序启动了 Python " +"解释器。而把应用程序看作是一堆子程序，然后写一些胶水代码让 Python 访问这些子程序，就像编写普通的 Python 扩展程序一样。 例如：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:237 +msgid "" +"static int numargs=0;\n" +"\n" +"/* Return the number of arguments of the application command line */\n" +"static PyObject*\n" +"emb_numargs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \":numargs\"))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(numargs);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef EmbMethods[] = {\n" +" {\"numargs\", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS,\n" +" \"Return the number of arguments received by the process.\"},\n" +" {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef EmbModule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, \"emb\", NULL, -1, EmbMethods,\n" +" NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject*\n" +"PyInit_emb(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&EmbModule);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int numargs=0;\n" +"\n" +"/* 返回应用程序命令行的参数数量 */\n" +"static PyObject*\n" +"emb_numargs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \":numargs\"))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(numargs);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef EmbMethods[] = {\n" +" {\"numargs\", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS,\n" +" \"Return the number of arguments received by the process.\"},\n" +" {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef EmbModule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, \"emb\", NULL, -1, EmbMethods,\n" +" NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject*\n" +"PyInit_emb(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&EmbModule);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:265 +msgid "" +"Insert the above code just above the :c:func:`main` function. Also, insert " +"the following two statements before the call to :c:func:`Py_Initialize`::" +msgstr "在 :c:func:`main` 函数之前插入上述代码。并在调用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前插入以下两条语句：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:268 +msgid "" +"numargs = argc;\n" +"PyImport_AppendInittab(\"emb\", &PyInit_emb);" +msgstr "" +"numargs = argc;\n" +"PyImport_AppendInittab(\"emb\", &PyInit_emb);" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:271 +msgid "" +"These two lines initialize the ``numargs`` variable, and make the " +":func:`!emb.numargs` function accessible to the embedded Python interpreter." +" With these extensions, the Python script can do things like" +msgstr "" +"这两行代码初始化了 ``numargs`` 变量，并使嵌入式 Python 解释器可以访问 :func:`!emb.numargs` " +"函数。通过这些扩展，Python 脚本可以执行以下操作" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:275 +msgid "" +"import emb\n" +"print(\"Number of arguments\", emb.numargs())" +msgstr "" +"import emb\n" +"print(\"Number of arguments\", emb.numargs())" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:280 +msgid "" +"In a real application, the methods will expose an API of the application to " +"Python." +msgstr "在真实的应用程序中，这种方法将把应用的 API 暴露给 Python 使用。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:290 +msgid "Embedding Python in C++" +msgstr "在 C++ 中嵌入 Python" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:292 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to embed Python in a C++ program; precisely how this is " +"done will depend on the details of the C++ system used; in general you will " +"need to write the main program in C++, and use the C++ compiler to compile " +"and link your program. There is no need to recompile Python itself using " +"C++." +msgstr "" +"还可以将 Python 嵌入到 C++ 程序中去；确切地说，实现方式将取决于 C++ 系统的实现细节；一般需用 C++ 编写主程序，并用 C++ " +"编译器来编译和链接程序。不需要用 C++ 重新编译 Python 本身。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:301 +msgid "Compiling and Linking under Unix-like systems" +msgstr "在类 Unix 系统中编译和链接" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:303 +msgid "" +"It is not necessarily trivial to find the right flags to pass to your " +"compiler (and linker) in order to embed the Python interpreter into your " +"application, particularly because Python needs to load library modules " +"implemented as C dynamic extensions (:file:`.so` files) linked against it." +msgstr "" +"为了将 Python 解释器嵌入应用程序，找到正确的编译参数传给编译器 (和链接器) 并非易事，特别是因为 Python 加载的库模块是以 C " +"动态扩展（:file:`.so` 文件）的形式实现的。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:309 +msgid "" +"To find out the required compiler and linker flags, you can execute the " +":file:`python{X.Y}-config` script which is generated as part of the " +"installation process (a :file:`python3-config` script may also be " +"available). This script has several options, of which the following will be" +" directly useful to you:" +msgstr "" +"为了得到所需的编译器和链接器参数，可执行 :file:`python{X.Y}-config` 脚本，它是在安装 Python 时生成的（也可能存在 " +":file:`python3-config` 脚本）。该脚本有几个参数，其中以下几个参数会直接有用：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:315 +msgid "" +"``pythonX.Y-config --cflags`` will give you the recommended flags when " +"compiling:" +msgstr "``pythonX.Y-config --cflags`` 将给出建议的编译参数。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:318 +msgid "" +"$ /opt/bin/python3.11-config --cflags\n" +"-I/opt/include/python3.11 -I/opt/include/python3.11 -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall" +msgstr "" +"$ /opt/bin/python3.11-config --cflags\n" +"-I/opt/include/python3.11 -I/opt/include/python3.11 -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:323 +msgid "" +"``pythonX.Y-config --ldflags --embed`` will give you the recommended flags " +"when linking:" +msgstr "``pythonX.Y-config --ldflags --embed`` 将给出在链接时建议的旗标:" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:326 +msgid "" +"$ /opt/bin/python3.11-config --ldflags --embed\n" +"-L/opt/lib/python3.11/config-3.11-x86_64-linux-gnu -L/opt/lib -lpython3.11 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm" +msgstr "" +"$ /opt/bin/python3.11-config --ldflags --embed\n" +"-L/opt/lib/python3.11/config-3.11-x86_64-linux-gnu -L/opt/lib -lpython3.11 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:332 +msgid "" +"To avoid confusion between several Python installations (and especially " +"between the system Python and your own compiled Python), it is recommended " +"that you use the absolute path to :file:`python{X.Y}-config`, as in the " +"above example." +msgstr "" +"为了避免多个 Python 安装版本引发混乱（特别是在系统安装版本和自己编译版本之间），建议用 :file:`python{X.Y}-config` " +"指定绝对路径，如上例所述。" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:337 +msgid "" +"If this procedure doesn't work for you (it is not guaranteed to work for all" +" Unix-like platforms; however, we welcome :ref:`bug reports `) you will have to read your system's documentation about dynamic " +"linking and/or examine Python's :file:`Makefile` (use " +":func:`sysconfig.get_makefile_filename` to find its location) and " +"compilation options. In this case, the :mod:`sysconfig` module is a useful " +"tool to programmatically extract the configuration values that you will want" +" to combine together. For example:" +msgstr "" +"如果上述方案不起作用（不能保证对所有 Unix 类平台都生效；欢迎提出 :ref:`bug 报告`），就得阅读系统关于动态链接的文档，并检查 Python 的 :file:`Makefile` （用 " +":func:`sysconfig.get_makefile_filename` 找到所在位置）和编译参数。这时 :mod:`sysconfig` " +"模块会是个有用的工具，可用编程方式提取需组合在一起的配置值。比如：" + +#: ../../extending/embedding.rst:346 +msgid "" +">>> import sysconfig\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBS')\n" +"'-lpthread -ldl -lutil'\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LINKFORSHARED')\n" +"'-Xlinker -export-dynamic'" +msgstr "" +">>> import sysconfig\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBS')\n" +"'-lpthread -ldl -lutil'\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LINKFORSHARED')\n" +"'-Xlinker -export-dynamic'" diff --git a/extending/extending.po b/extending/extending.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aac282412 --- /dev/null +++ b/extending/extending.po @@ -0,0 +1,2593 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# taotieren , 2021 +# Harry Liu. , 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# LeeWendao , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:8 +msgid "Extending Python with C or C++" +msgstr "使用 C 或 C++ 扩展 Python" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:10 +msgid "" +"It is quite easy to add new built-in modules to Python, if you know how to " +"program in C. Such :dfn:`extension modules` can do two things that can't be" +" done directly in Python: they can implement new built-in object types, and " +"they can call C library functions and system calls." +msgstr "" +"如果你会用 C，添加新的 Python 内置模块会很简单。以下两件不能用 Python 直接做的事，可以通过 :dfn:`extension " +"modules` 来实现：实现新的内置对象类型；调用 C 的库函数和系统调用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:15 +msgid "" +"To support extensions, the Python API (Application Programmers Interface) " +"defines a set of functions, macros and variables that provide access to most" +" aspects of the Python run-time system. The Python API is incorporated in a" +" C source file by including the header ``\"Python.h\"``." +msgstr "" +"为了支持扩展，Python API（应用程序编程接口）定义了一系列函数、宏和变量，可以访问 Python 运行时系统的大部分内容。Python 的 " +"API 可以通过在一个 C 源文件中引用 ``\"Python.h\"`` 头文件来使用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The compilation of an extension module depends on its intended use as well " +"as on your system setup; details are given in later chapters." +msgstr "扩展模块的编写方式取决与你的目的以及系统设置；下面章节会详细介绍。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The C extension interface is specific to CPython, and extension modules do " +"not work on other Python implementations. In many cases, it is possible to " +"avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other " +"implementations. For example, if your use case is calling C library " +"functions or system calls, you should consider using the :mod:`ctypes` " +"module or the `cffi `_ library rather than " +"writing custom C code. These modules let you write Python code to interface " +"with C code and are more portable between implementations of Python than " +"writing and compiling a C extension module." +msgstr "" +"C扩展接口特指CPython，扩展模块无法在其他Python实现上工作。在大多数情况下，应该避免写C扩展，来保持可移植性。举个例子，如果你的用例调用了C库或系统调用，你应该考虑使用" +" :mod:`ctypes` 模块或 `cffi `_ " +"库，而不是自己写C代码。这些模块允许你写Python代码来接口C代码，并且相较于编写和编译C扩展模块，该方法在不同Python实现之间具有更高的可移植性。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:40 +msgid "A Simple Example" +msgstr "一个简单的例子" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Let's create an extension module called ``spam`` (the favorite food of Monty" +" Python fans...) and let's say we want to create a Python interface to the C" +" library function :c:func:`system` [#]_. This function takes a null-" +"terminated character string as argument and returns an integer. We want " +"this function to be callable from Python as follows:" +msgstr "" +"让我们创建一个扩展模块 ``spam`` (Monty Python 粉丝最喜欢的食物...) 并且想要创建对应 C 库函数 " +":c:func:`system` [#]_ 的 Python 接口。 这个函数接受一个以 null 结尾的字符串参数并返回一个整数。 我们希望可以在 " +"Python 中以如下方式调用此函数:" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:48 +msgid "" +">>> import spam\n" +">>> status = spam.system(\"ls -l\")" +msgstr "" +">>> import spam\n" +">>> status = spam.system(\"ls -l\")" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Begin by creating a file :file:`spammodule.c`. (Historically, if a module " +"is called ``spam``, the C file containing its implementation is called " +":file:`spammodule.c`; if the module name is very long, like ``spammify``, " +"the module name can be just :file:`spammify.c`.)" +msgstr "" +"首先创建一个 :file:`spammodule.c` 文件。（传统上，如果一个模块叫 ``spam``，则对应实现它的 C 文件叫 " +":file:`spammodule.c`；如果这个模块名字非常长，比如 ``spammify``，则这个模块的文件可以直接叫 " +":file:`spammify.c`。）" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:58 +msgid "The first two lines of our file can be::" +msgstr "文件中开始的两行是：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:60 ../../extending/extending.rst:663 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include " +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include " + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:63 +msgid "" +"which pulls in the Python API (you can add a comment describing the purpose " +"of the module and a copyright notice if you like)." +msgstr "这会导入 Python API（如果你喜欢，你可以在这里添加描述模块目标和版权信息的注释)。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Since Python may define some pre-processor definitions which affect the " +"standard headers on some systems, you *must* include :file:`Python.h` before" +" any standard headers are included." +msgstr "" +"由于 Python 可能会定义一些能在某些系统上影响标准头文件的预处理器定义，因此在包含任何标准头文件之前，你 *必须* 先包含 " +":file:`Python.h`。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:72 +msgid "" +"``#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` was used to indicate that ``Py_ssize_t`` should" +" be used in some APIs instead of ``int``. It is not necessary since Python " +"3.13, but we keep it here for backward compatibility. See :ref:`arg-parsing-" +"string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro." +msgstr "" +"``#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` 被用来指明 ``Py_ssize_t`` 应当在某些 API 中代替 ``int`` 使用。 " +"它从 Python 3.13 起已不再需要，但我们保留它用于向下兼容。 请参阅 :ref:`arg-parsing-string-and-" +"buffers` 获取该宏的描述。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:77 +msgid "" +"All user-visible symbols defined by :file:`Python.h` have a prefix of ``Py``" +" or ``PY``, except those defined in standard header files. For convenience, " +"and since they are used extensively by the Python interpreter, " +"``\"Python.h\"`` includes a few standard header files: ````, " +"````, ````, and ````. If the latter header " +"file does not exist on your system, it declares the functions " +":c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`free` and :c:func:`realloc` directly." +msgstr "" +"所有在 :file:`Python.h` 中定义的用户可见的符号都具有 ``Py`` 或 ``PY`` 前缀，已在标准头文件中定义的那些除外。 " +"考虑到便利性，也由于其在 Python 解释器中被广泛使用，``\"Python.h\"`` 还包含了一些标准头文件: " +"````，````，```` 和 ````。 " +"如果后面的头文件在你的系统上不存在，它还会直接声明函数 :c:func:`malloc`，:c:func:`free` 和 " +":c:func:`realloc`。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:85 +msgid "" +"The next thing we add to our module file is the C function that will be " +"called when the Python expression ``spam.system(string)`` is evaluated " +"(we'll see shortly how it ends up being called)::" +msgstr "下面添加C函数到扩展模块，当调用 ``spam.system(string)`` 时会做出响应，(我们稍后会看到调用)：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:89 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" const char *command;\n" +" int sts;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" sts = system(command);\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(sts);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" const char *command;\n" +" int sts;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" sts = system(command);\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(sts);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:101 +msgid "" +"There is a straightforward translation from the argument list in Python (for" +" example, the single expression ``\"ls -l\"``) to the arguments passed to " +"the C function. The C function always has two arguments, conventionally " +"named *self* and *args*." +msgstr "" +"有个直接翻译参数列表的方法(举个例子，单独的 ``\"ls -l\"`` )到要传递给C函数的参数。C函数总是有两个参数，通常名字是 *self* 和 " +"*args* 。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:106 +msgid "" +"The *self* argument points to the module object for module-level functions; " +"for a method it would point to the object instance." +msgstr "对模块级函数， *self* 参数指向模块对象；对于方法则指向对象实例。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The *args* argument will be a pointer to a Python tuple object containing " +"the arguments. Each item of the tuple corresponds to an argument in the " +"call's argument list. The arguments are Python objects --- in order to do " +"anything with them in our C function we have to convert them to C values. " +"The function :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` in the Python API checks the " +"argument types and converts them to C values. It uses a template string to " +"determine the required types of the arguments as well as the types of the C " +"variables into which to store the converted values. More about this later." +msgstr "" +"*args* 参数是指向一个 Python 的 tuple 对象的指针，其中包含参数。 每个 tuple 项对应一个调用参数。 这些参数也全都是 " +"Python 对象 --- 要在我们的 C 函数中使用它们就需要先将其转换为 C 值。 Python API 中的函数 " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 会检查参数类型并将其转换为 C 值。 它使用模板字符串确定需要的参数类型以及存储被转换的值的 C " +"变量类型。 细节将稍后说明。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:118 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` returns true (nonzero) if all arguments have the " +"right type and its components have been stored in the variables whose " +"addresses are passed. It returns false (zero) if an invalid argument list " +"was passed. In the latter case it also raises an appropriate exception so " +"the calling function can return ``NULL`` immediately (as we saw in the " +"example)." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"在所有参数都有正确类型且组成部分按顺序放在传递进来的地址里时，返回真(非零)。其在传入无效参数时返回假(零)。在后续例子里，还会抛出特定异常，使得调用的函数可以理解返回" +" ``NULL`` (也就是例子里所见)。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:128 +msgid "Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions" +msgstr "关于错误和异常" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:130 +msgid "" +"An important convention throughout the Python interpreter is the following: " +"when a function fails, it should set an exception condition and return an " +"error value (usually ``-1`` or a ``NULL`` pointer). Exception information " +"is stored in three members of the interpreter's thread state. These are " +"``NULL`` if there is no exception. Otherwise they are the C equivalents of " +"the members of the Python tuple returned by :meth:`sys.exc_info`. These are" +" the exception type, exception instance, and a traceback object. It is " +"important to know about them to understand how errors are passed around." +msgstr "" +"整个 Python 解释器系统有一个如下所述的重要惯例：当一个函数运行失败时，它应当设置一个异常条件并返回一个错误值（通常为 ``-1`` 或 " +"``NULL`` 指针）。 异常信息保存在解释器线程状态的三个成员中。 如果没有异常则它们的值为 ``NULL``。 在其他情况下它们是 " +":meth:`sys.exc_info` 所返回的 Python 元组的成员的 C 对应物。 它们分别是异常类型、异常实例和回溯对象。 " +"理解它们对于理解错误是如何被传递的非常重要。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:139 +msgid "" +"The Python API defines a number of functions to set various types of " +"exceptions." +msgstr "Python API中定义了一些函数来设置这些变量。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:141 +msgid "" +"The most common one is :c:func:`PyErr_SetString`. Its arguments are an " +"exception object and a C string. The exception object is usually a " +"predefined object like :c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`. The C string " +"indicates the cause of the error and is converted to a Python string object " +"and stored as the \"associated value\" of the exception." +msgstr "" +"最常用的就是 :c:func:`PyErr_SetString`。 其参数是异常对象和 C 字符串。 异常对象一般是像 " +":c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError` 这样的预定义对象。 C 字符串指明异常原因，并被转换为一个 Python " +"字符串对象存储为异常的“关联值”。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Another useful function is :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrno`, which only takes an" +" exception argument and constructs the associated value by inspection of the" +" global variable :c:data:`errno`. The most general function is " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetObject`, which takes two object arguments, the exception " +"and its associated value. You don't need to :c:func:`Py_INCREF` the objects" +" passed to any of these functions." +msgstr "" +"另一个有用的函数是 :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrno` ，仅接受一个异常对象，异常描述包含在全局变量 " +":c:data:`errno` 中。最通用的函数还是 :c:func:`PyErr_SetObject` " +"，包含两个参数，分别为异常对象和异常描述。你不需要使用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 来增加传递到其他函数的参数对象的引用计数。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:154 +msgid "" +"You can test non-destructively whether an exception has been set with " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred`. This returns the current exception object, or " +"``NULL`` if no exception has occurred. You normally don't need to call " +":c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to see whether an error occurred in a function " +"call, since you should be able to tell from the return value." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 在不造成破坏的情况下检测是否设置了异常。 这将返回当前异常对象，或者如果未发生异常则返回 " +"``NULL``。 你通常不需要调用 :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` 来查看函数调用中是否发生了错误，因为你应该能从返回值中看出来。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:160 +msgid "" +"When a function *f* that calls another function *g* detects that the latter " +"fails, *f* should itself return an error value (usually ``NULL`` or ``-1``)." +" It should *not* call one of the ``PyErr_*`` functions --- one has already " +"been called by *g*. *f*'s caller is then supposed to also return an error " +"indication to *its* caller, again *without* calling ``PyErr_*``, and so on " +"--- the most detailed cause of the error was already reported by the " +"function that first detected it. Once the error reaches the Python " +"interpreter's main loop, this aborts the currently executing Python code and" +" tries to find an exception handler specified by the Python programmer." +msgstr "" +"当一个函数 *f* 调用另一个函数 *g* 时检测到后者出错了，*f* 应当自己返回一个错误值 (通常为 ``NULL`` 或 ``-1``)。 它 " +"*不应* 调用某个 ``PyErr_*`` 函数 --- 这类函数已经被 *g* 调用过了。 *f* 的调用者随后也应当返回一个错误来提示 *它的* " +"调用者，同样 *不应* 调用 ``PyErr_*``，依此类推 --- 错误的最详细原因已经由首先检测到它的函数报告了。 一旦这个错误到达 Python" +" 解释器的主循环，它会中止当前执行的 Python 代码并尝试找出由 Python 程序员所指定的异常处理器。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:170 +msgid "" +"(There are situations where a module can actually give a more detailed error" +" message by calling another ``PyErr_*`` function, and in such cases it is " +"fine to do so. As a general rule, however, this is not necessary, and can " +"cause information about the cause of the error to be lost: most operations " +"can fail for a variety of reasons.)" +msgstr "" +"（在某些情况下模块确实能够通过调用其它 ``PyErr_*`` 函数来给出更为详细的错误消息，并且在这些情况下是可以这样做的。 " +"但是按照一般规则，这是不必要的，并可能导致有关错误的信息丢失：大多数操作会由于种种原因而失败。）" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:176 +msgid "" +"To ignore an exception set by a function call that failed, the exception " +"condition must be cleared explicitly by calling :c:func:`PyErr_Clear`. The " +"only time C code should call :c:func:`PyErr_Clear` is if it doesn't want to " +"pass the error on to the interpreter but wants to handle it completely by " +"itself (possibly by trying something else, or pretending nothing went " +"wrong)." +msgstr "" +"想要忽略由一个失败的函数调用所设置的异常，异常条件必须通过调用 :c:func:`PyErr_Clear` 显式地被清除。 C 代码应当调用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_Clear` 的唯一情况是如果它不想将错误传给解释器而是想完全由自己来处理它（可能是尝试其他方法，或是假装没有出错）。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Every failing :c:func:`malloc` call must be turned into an exception --- the" +" direct caller of :c:func:`malloc` (or :c:func:`realloc`) must call " +":c:func:`PyErr_NoMemory` and return a failure indicator itself. All the " +"object-creating functions (for example, :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong`) already " +"do this, so this note is only relevant to those who call :c:func:`malloc` " +"directly." +msgstr "" +"每次失败的 :c:func:`malloc` 调用必须转换为一个异常。 :c:func:`malloc` (或 :c:func:`realloc` " +")的直接调用者必须调用 :c:func:`PyErr_NoMemory` 来返回错误来提示。所有对象创建函数(例如 " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` )已经这么做了，所以这个提示仅用于直接调用 :c:func:`malloc` 的情况。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Also note that, with the important exception of :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"and friends, functions that return an integer status usually return a " +"positive value or zero for success and ``-1`` for failure, like Unix system " +"calls." +msgstr "" +"还要注意的是，除了 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 等重要的例外，返回整数状态码的函数通常都是返回正值或零来表示成功，而以 " +"``-1`` 表示失败，如同 Unix 系统调用一样。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Finally, be careful to clean up garbage (by making :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` or " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` calls for objects you have already created) when you " +"return an error indicator!" +msgstr "" +"最后，当你返回一个错误指示器时要注意清理垃圾（通过为你已经创建的对象执行 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 或 " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` 调用）！" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:196 +msgid "" +"The choice of which exception to raise is entirely yours. There are " +"predeclared C objects corresponding to all built-in Python exceptions, such " +"as :c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`, which you can use directly. Of course," +" you should choose exceptions wisely --- don't use :c:data:`PyExc_TypeError`" +" to mean that a file couldn't be opened (that should probably be " +":c:data:`PyExc_OSError`). If something's wrong with the argument list, the " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` function usually raises " +":c:data:`PyExc_TypeError`. If you have an argument whose value must be in a" +" particular range or must satisfy other conditions, " +":c:data:`PyExc_ValueError` is appropriate." +msgstr "" +"选择引发哪个异常完全取决于你的喜好。 所有 Python 内置异常都有对应的预声明 C 对象，例如 " +":c:data:`PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`，你可以直接使用它们。 当然，你应当明智地选择异常 --- 不要使用 " +":c:data:`PyExc_TypeError` 来表示文件无法打开（可能应该用 :c:data:`PyExc_OSError` 比较好）。 " +"如果参数列表有问题，:c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 函数通常会引发 :c:data:`PyExc_TypeError`。 " +"如果你希望一个参数的值必须在特定范围内或必须满足其他条件，则适宜使用 :c:data:`PyExc_ValueError`。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:206 +msgid "" +"You can also define a new exception that is unique to your module. For this," +" you usually declare a static object variable at the beginning of your " +"file::" +msgstr "你也可以为你的模块定义一个唯一的新异常。需要在文件前部声明一个静态对象变量，如:" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:209 +msgid "static PyObject *SpamError;" +msgstr "static PyObject *SpamError;" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:211 +msgid "" +"and initialize it in your module's initialization function " +"(:c:func:`!PyInit_spam`) with an exception object::" +msgstr "并在模块的初始化函数 (:c:func:`!PyInit_spam`) 中附带异常对象对其进行初始化::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:214 +msgid "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&spammodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" SpamError = PyErr_NewException(\"spam.error\", NULL, NULL);\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"error\", SpamError) < 0) {\n" +" Py_CLEAR(SpamError);\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&spammodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" SpamError = PyErr_NewException(\"spam.error\", NULL, NULL);\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"error\", SpamError) < 0) {\n" +" Py_CLEAR(SpamError);\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Note that the Python name for the exception object is :exc:`!spam.error`. " +"The :c:func:`PyErr_NewException` function may create a class with the base " +"class being :exc:`Exception` (unless another class is passed in instead of " +"``NULL``), described in :ref:`bltin-exceptions`." +msgstr "" +"请注意该异常对象的 Python 名称为 :exc:`!spam.error`。 :c:func:`PyErr_NewException` " +"函数可以创建基类为 :exc:`Exception` 的类 (除非传入了另一个类而不是 ``NULL``)，如 :ref:`bltin-" +"exceptions` 中所描述的。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:238 +msgid "" +"Note also that the :c:data:`!SpamError` variable retains a reference to the " +"newly created exception class; this is intentional! Since the exception " +"could be removed from the module by external code, an owned reference to the" +" class is needed to ensure that it will not be discarded, causing " +":c:data:`!SpamError` to become a dangling pointer. Should it become a " +"dangling pointer, C code which raises the exception could cause a core dump " +"or other unintended side effects." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :c:data:`!SpamError` 变量保留了一个对新创建的异常类的引用；这是有意为之的！ " +"由于异常可能会被外部代码从模块中删除，因此需要拥有一个对该类的引用以确保它不会被丢弃，从而导致 :c:data:`!SpamError` " +"成为一个悬空指针。 如果异常类成为悬空指针，则引发该异常的 C 代码可能会导致核心转储或其他预期之外的附带影响。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:245 +msgid "" +"We discuss the use of :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` as a function return type " +"later in this sample." +msgstr "本样例稍后将讨论 :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` 作为函数返回类型的用法。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:248 +msgid "" +"The :exc:`!spam.error` exception can be raised in your extension module " +"using a call to :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` as shown below::" +msgstr "可在扩展模块中调用 :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` 来引发 :exc:`!spam.error` 异常，如下所示::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:251 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" const char *command;\n" +" int sts;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" sts = system(command);\n" +" if (sts < 0) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(SpamError, \"System command failed\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(sts);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" const char *command;\n" +" int sts;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" sts = system(command);\n" +" if (sts < 0) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(SpamError, \"System command failed\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(sts);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:271 +msgid "Back to the Example" +msgstr "回到例子" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Going back to our example function, you should now be able to understand " +"this statement::" +msgstr "回到前面的例子，你应该明白下面的代码:" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:276 +msgid "" +"if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;" +msgstr "" +"if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:279 +msgid "" +"It returns ``NULL`` (the error indicator for functions returning object " +"pointers) if an error is detected in the argument list, relying on the " +"exception set by :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`. Otherwise the string value of " +"the argument has been copied to the local variable :c:data:`!command`. This" +" is a pointer assignment and you are not supposed to modify the string to " +"which it points (so in Standard C, the variable :c:data:`!command` should " +"properly be declared as ``const char *command``)." +msgstr "" +"如果在参数列表中检测到错误，它将返回 ``NULL`` (该值是返回对象指针的函数的错误提示)，这取决于 " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 设置的异常。 在其他情况下参数的字符串值会被拷贝到局部变量 :c:data:`!command`。" +" 这是一个指针赋值并且你不应该修改它所指向的字符串 (因此在标准 C 中，变量 :c:data:`!command` 应当被正确地声明为 ``const" +" char *command``)。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The next statement is a call to the Unix function :c:func:`system`, passing " +"it the string we just got from :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`::" +msgstr "" +"下一个语句使用UNIX系统函数 :c:func:`system` ，传递给他的参数是刚才从 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"取出的:" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:290 +msgid "sts = system(command);" +msgstr "sts = system(command);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Our :func:`!spam.system` function must return the value of :c:data:`!sts` as" +" a Python object. This is done using the function " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromLong`. ::" +msgstr "" +"我们的 :func:`!spam.system` 函数必须以 Python 对象的形式返回 :c:data:`!sts` 的值。 这是通过使用函数 " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` 完成的。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:295 +msgid "return PyLong_FromLong(sts);" +msgstr "return PyLong_FromLong(sts);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:297 +msgid "" +"In this case, it will return an integer object. (Yes, even integers are " +"objects on the heap in Python!)" +msgstr "在这种情况下，会返回一个整数对象，(这个对象会在Python堆里面管理)。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:300 +msgid "" +"If you have a C function that returns no useful argument (a function " +"returning :c:expr:`void`), the corresponding Python function must return " +"``None``. You need this idiom to do so (which is implemented by the " +":c:macro:`Py_RETURN_NONE` macro)::" +msgstr "" +"如果你有一个不返回有用参数的 C 函数（即返回 :c:expr:`void` 的函数），则对应的 Python 函数必须返回 ``None``。 " +"你必须使用这种写法（它是通过 :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_NONE` 宏来实现的） ::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Py_INCREF(Py_None);\n" +"return Py_None;" +msgstr "" +"Py_INCREF(Py_None);\n" +"return Py_None;" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:308 +msgid "" +":c:data:`Py_None` is the C name for the special Python object ``None``. It " +"is a genuine Python object rather than a ``NULL`` pointer, which means " +"\"error\" in most contexts, as we have seen." +msgstr "" +":c:data:`Py_None` 是特殊 Python 对象 ``None`` 所对应的 C 名称。 它是一个真正的 Python 对象而不是 " +"``NULL`` 指针，如我们所见，后者在大多数上下文中都意味着“错误”。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:316 +msgid "The Module's Method Table and Initialization Function" +msgstr "模块方法表和初始化函数" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:318 +msgid "" +"I promised to show how :c:func:`!spam_system` is called from Python " +"programs. First, we need to list its name and address in a \"method " +"table\"::" +msgstr "" +"我承诺过要向大家展示如何从 Python 程序中调用 :c:func:`!spam_system`。 首先，我们需要在“方法表”中列出它的名称和地址::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:321 +msgid "" +"static PyMethodDef SpamMethods[] = {\n" +" ...\n" +" {\"system\", spam_system, METH_VARARGS,\n" +" \"Execute a shell command.\"},\n" +" ...\n" +" {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyMethodDef SpamMethods[] = {\n" +" ...\n" +" {\"system\", spam_system, METH_VARARGS,\n" +" \"Execute a shell command.\"},\n" +" ...\n" +" {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Note the third entry (``METH_VARARGS``). This is a flag telling the " +"interpreter the calling convention to be used for the C function. It should" +" normally always be ``METH_VARARGS`` or ``METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS``; a " +"value of ``0`` means that an obsolete variant of :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"is used." +msgstr "" +"注意第三个参数 ( ``METH_VARARGS`` ) ，这个标志指定会使用C的调用惯例。可选值有 ``METH_VARARGS`` 、 " +"``METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS`` 。值 ``0`` 代表使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"的陈旧变量。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:334 +msgid "" +"When using only ``METH_VARARGS``, the function should expect the Python-" +"level parameters to be passed in as a tuple acceptable for parsing via " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`; more information on this function is provided " +"below." +msgstr "" +"如果单独使用 ``METH_VARARGS`` ，函数会等待Python传来tuple格式的参数，并最终使用 " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 进行解析。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:338 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`METH_KEYWORDS` bit may be set in the third field if keyword " +"arguments should be passed to the function. In this case, the C function " +"should accept a third ``PyObject *`` parameter which will be a dictionary of" +" keywords. Use :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` to parse the arguments " +"to such a function." +msgstr "" +"如果应当将关键字参数传给该函数则可以在第三个字段中设置 :c:macro:`METH_KEYWORDS` 比特位。 在此情况下，C 函数应当接受第三个 " +"``PyObject *`` 形参，它将为一个由关键字组成的字典。 使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` " +"来将参数解析为函数。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:344 +msgid "" +"The method table must be referenced in the module definition structure::" +msgstr "这个方法表必须被模块定义结构所引用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:346 +msgid "" +"static struct PyModuleDef spammodule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" \"spam\", /* name of module */\n" +" spam_doc, /* module documentation, may be NULL */\n" +" -1, /* size of per-interpreter state of the module,\n" +" or -1 if the module keeps state in global variables. */\n" +" SpamMethods\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static struct PyModuleDef spammodule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" \"spam\", /* 模块名称 */\n" +" spam_doc, /* 模块文档，可以为 NULL */\n" +" -1, /* 模块的每解释器状态大小，\n" +" 或者如果模块在全局变量中状态则为 -1。 */\n" +" SpamMethods\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:355 +msgid "" +"This structure, in turn, must be passed to the interpreter in the module's " +"initialization function. The initialization function must be named " +":c:func:`!PyInit_name`, where *name* is the name of the module, and should " +"be the only non-\\ ``static`` item defined in the module file::" +msgstr "" +"这个结构体必须在模块的初始化函数中传递给解释器。 初始化函数必须命名为 :c:func:`!PyInit_name`，其中 *name* " +"是模块的名称，并且应该是模块文件中定义的唯一非 ``static`` 条目::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:360 +msgid "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&spammodule);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&spammodule);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Note that :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` declares the function as ``PyObject *`` " +"return type, declares any special linkage declarations required by the " +"platform, and for C++ declares the function as ``extern \"C\"``." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` 将函数声明为 ``PyObject *`` " +"返回类型，声明了平台所要求的任何特殊链接声明，并针对于= C++ 将函数声明为 ``extern \"C\"``。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:370 +msgid "" +"When the Python program imports module :mod:`!spam` for the first time, " +":c:func:`!PyInit_spam` is called. (See below for comments about embedding " +"Python.) It calls :c:func:`PyModule_Create`, which returns a module object, " +"and inserts built-in function objects into the newly created module based " +"upon the table (an array of :c:type:`PyMethodDef` structures) found in the " +"module definition. :c:func:`PyModule_Create` returns a pointer to the module" +" object that it creates. It may abort with a fatal error for certain " +"errors, or return ``NULL`` if the module could not be initialized " +"satisfactorily. The init function must return the module object to its " +"caller, so that it then gets inserted into ``sys.modules``." +msgstr "" +"当 Python 程序首次导入 :mod:`!spam` 模块时，:c:func:`!PyInit_spam` 将被调用。 （有关嵌入 Python " +"的注释参见下文。） 它将调用 :c:func:`PyModule_Create`，该函数会返回一个模块对象，并基于在模块定义中找到的表（一个 " +":c:type:`PyMethodDef` 结构体的数组）将内置函数对象插入到新创建的模块中。 :c:func:`PyModule_Create` " +"返回一个指向它所创建的模块对象的指针。 它可能会会程度严重的特定错误而中止，或者在模块无法成功初始化时返回 ``NULL``。 " +"初始化函数必须将模块对象返回给其调用者，以便将其插入到 ``sys.modules`` 中。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:381 +msgid "" +"When embedding Python, the :c:func:`!PyInit_spam` function is not called " +"automatically unless there's an entry in the :c:data:`PyImport_Inittab` " +"table. To add the module to the initialization table, use " +":c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab`, optionally followed by an import of the " +"module::" +msgstr "" +"当嵌入 Python 时，除非 :c:data:`PyImport_Inittab` 表中有条目，否则不会自动调用 " +":c:func:`!PyInit_spam` 函数。 要将模块添加到初始化表中，请使用 " +":c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab`，可选择随后导入该模块::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:386 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"int\n" +"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* Add a built-in module, before Py_Initialize */\n" +" if (PyImport_AppendInittab(\"spam\", PyInit_spam) == -1) {\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Error: could not extend in-built modules table\\n\");\n" +" exit(1);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* Pass argv[0] to the Python interpreter */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name, argv[0]);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* Initialize the Python interpreter. Required.\n" +" If this step fails, it will be a fatal error. */\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* Optionally import the module; alternatively,\n" +" import can be deferred until the embedded script\n" +" imports it. */\n" +" PyObject *pmodule = PyImport_ImportModule(\"spam\");\n" +" if (!pmodule) {\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Error: could not import module 'spam'\\n\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ... use Python C API here ...\n" +"\n" +" return 0;\n" +"\n" +" exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"int\n" +"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n" +"{\n" +" PyStatus status;\n" +" PyConfig config;\n" +" PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* 添加一个内置模块，在 Py_Initialize 之前 */\n" +" if (PyImport_AppendInittab(\"spam\", PyInit_spam) == -1) {\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Error: could not extend in-built modules table\\n\");\n" +" exit(1);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* 将 argv[0] 传给 Python 解释器 */\n" +" status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name, argv[0]);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /* 初始化 Python 解释器。 必需的操作。\n" +" 如果此步骤失败，将导致致命错误。 */\n" +" status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);\n" +" if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" goto exception;\n" +" }\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +"\n" +" /* 可以选择导入模块；或是作为替代，\n" +" 导入可以被延迟直到由嵌入的脚本\n" +" 来导入它。 */\n" +" PyObject *pmodule = PyImport_ImportModule(\"spam\");\n" +" if (!pmodule) {\n" +" PyErr_Print();\n" +" fprintf(stderr, \"Error: could not import module 'spam'\\n\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ... 在此使用 Python C API ...\n" +"\n" +" return 0;\n" +"\n" +" exception:\n" +" PyConfig_Clear(&config);\n" +" Py_ExitStatusException(status);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Removing entries from ``sys.modules`` or importing compiled modules into " +"multiple interpreters within a process (or following a :c:func:`fork` " +"without an intervening :c:func:`exec`) can create problems for some " +"extension modules. Extension module authors should exercise caution when " +"initializing internal data structures." +msgstr "" +"要从 ``sys.modules`` 删除实体或导入已编译模块到一个进程里的多个解释器(或使用 :c:func:`fork` 而没用 " +":c:func:`exec` )会在一些扩展模块上产生错误。扩展模块作者可以在初始化内部数据结构时给出警告。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:442 +msgid "" +"A more substantial example module is included in the Python source " +"distribution as :file:`Modules/xxmodule.c`. This file may be used as a " +"template or simply read as an example." +msgstr "" +"更多关于模块的现实的例子包含在 Python 源码发布包的 :file:`Modules/xxmodule.c` 中。 " +"此文件可以被用作代码模板或是学习样例。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:448 +msgid "" +"Unlike our ``spam`` example, ``xxmodule`` uses *multi-phase initialization* " +"(new in Python 3.5), where a PyModuleDef structure is returned from " +"``PyInit_spam``, and creation of the module is left to the import machinery." +" For details on multi-phase initialization, see :PEP:`489`." +msgstr "" +"不像我们的 ``spam`` 例子， ``xxmodule`` 使用了 *多阶段初始化* (Python3.5开始引入)， " +"``PyInit_spam`` 会返回一个 PyModuleDef 结构体，然后创建的模块放到导入机制。细节参考 :PEP:`489` 的多阶段初始化。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:457 +msgid "Compilation and Linkage" +msgstr "编译和链接" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:459 +msgid "" +"There are two more things to do before you can use your new extension: " +"compiling and linking it with the Python system. If you use dynamic " +"loading, the details may depend on the style of dynamic loading your system " +"uses; see the chapters about building extension modules (chapter " +":ref:`building`) and additional information that pertains only to building " +"on Windows (chapter :ref:`building-on-windows`) for more information about " +"this." +msgstr "" +"在你能使用你的新写的扩展之前，你还需要做两件事情：使用 Python " +"系统来编译和链接。如果你使用动态加载，这取决于你使用的操作系统的动态加载机制；更多信息请参考编译扩展模块的章节（ :ref:`building` " +"章节），以及在 Windows 上编译需要的额外信息（ :ref:`building-on-windows` 章节）。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:466 +msgid "" +"If you can't use dynamic loading, or if you want to make your module a " +"permanent part of the Python interpreter, you will have to change the " +"configuration setup and rebuild the interpreter. Luckily, this is very " +"simple on Unix: just place your file (:file:`spammodule.c` for example) in " +"the :file:`Modules/` directory of an unpacked source distribution, add a " +"line to the file :file:`Modules/Setup.local` describing your file:" +msgstr "" +"如果你不使用动态加载，或者想要让模块永久性的作为Python解释器的一部分，就必须修改配置设置，并重新构建解释器。幸运的是在Unix上很简单，只需要把你的文件" +" ( :file:`spammodule.c` 为例) 放在解压缩源码发行包的 :file:`Modules/` 目录下，添加一行到 " +":file:`Modules/Setup.local` 来描述你的文件：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:473 +msgid "spam spammodule.o" +msgstr "spam spammodule.o" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:477 +msgid "" +"and rebuild the interpreter by running :program:`make` in the toplevel " +"directory. You can also run :program:`make` in the :file:`Modules/` " +"subdirectory, but then you must first rebuild :file:`Makefile` there by " +"running ':program:`make` Makefile'. (This is necessary each time you change" +" the :file:`Setup` file.)" +msgstr "" +"然后在顶层目录运行 :program:`make` 来重新构建解释器。你也可以在 :file:`Modules/` 子目录使用 " +":program:`make`，但是你必须先重建 :file:`Makefile` 文件，然后运行 ':program:`make` Makefile'" +" 命令。（你每次修改 :file:`Setup` 文件都需要这样操作。）" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:483 +msgid "" +"If your module requires additional libraries to link with, these can be " +"listed on the line in the configuration file as well, for instance:" +msgstr "如果你的模块需要额外的链接，这些内容可以列出在配置文件里，举个实例：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:486 +msgid "spam spammodule.o -lX11" +msgstr "spam spammodule.o -lX11" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:494 +msgid "Calling Python Functions from C" +msgstr "在C中调用Python函数" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:496 +msgid "" +"So far we have concentrated on making C functions callable from Python. The" +" reverse is also useful: calling Python functions from C. This is especially" +" the case for libraries that support so-called \"callback\" functions. If a" +" C interface makes use of callbacks, the equivalent Python often needs to " +"provide a callback mechanism to the Python programmer; the implementation " +"will require calling the Python callback functions from a C callback. Other" +" uses are also imaginable." +msgstr "" +"迄今为止，我们一直把注意力集中于让Python调用C函数，其实反过来也很有用，就是用C调用Python函数。这在回调函数中尤其有用。如果一个C接口使用回调，那么就要实现这个回调机制。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:504 +msgid "" +"Fortunately, the Python interpreter is easily called recursively, and there " +"is a standard interface to call a Python function. (I won't dwell on how to" +" call the Python parser with a particular string as input --- if you're " +"interested, have a look at the implementation of the :option:`-c` command " +"line option in :file:`Modules/main.c` from the Python source code.)" +msgstr "" +"幸运的是，Python解释器是比较方便回调的，并给标准Python函数提供了标准接口。(这里就不再详述解析Python字符串作为输入的方式，如果有兴趣可以参考" +" :file:`Python/pythonmain.c` 中的 :option:`-c` 命令行代码。)" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Calling a Python function is easy. First, the Python program must somehow " +"pass you the Python function object. You should provide a function (or some" +" other interface) to do this. When this function is called, save a pointer " +"to the Python function object (be careful to :c:func:`Py_INCREF` it!) in a " +"global variable --- or wherever you see fit. For example, the following " +"function might be part of a module definition::" +msgstr "" +"调用Python函数很简单，首先Python程序要传递Python函数对象。应该提供个函数(或其他接口)来实现。当调用这个函数时，用全局变量保存Python函数对象的指针，还要调用" +" (:c:func:`Py_INCREF`) 来增加引用计数，当然不用全局变量也没什么关系。举个例子，如下函数可能是模块定义的一部分：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:517 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *my_callback = NULL;\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"my_set_callback(PyObject *dummy, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *result = NULL;\n" +" PyObject *temp;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"O:set_callback\", &temp)) {\n" +" if (!PyCallable_Check(temp)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"parameter must be callable\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XINCREF(temp); /* Add a reference to new callback */\n" +" Py_XDECREF(my_callback); /* Dispose of previous callback */\n" +" my_callback = temp; /* Remember new callback */\n" +" /* Boilerplate to return \"None\" */\n" +" Py_INCREF(Py_None);\n" +" result = Py_None;\n" +" }\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *my_callback = NULL;\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"my_set_callback(PyObject *dummy, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *result = NULL;\n" +" PyObject *temp;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"O:set_callback\", &temp)) {\n" +" if (!PyCallable_Check(temp)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"parameter must be callable\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XINCREF(temp); /* 添加一个指向新回调的引用 */\n" +" Py_XDECREF(my_callback); /* 丢弃之前的回调 */\n" +" my_callback = temp; /* 记住新的回调 */\n" +" /* 返回 \"None\" 的样例 */\n" +" Py_INCREF(Py_None);\n" +" result = Py_None;\n" +" }\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:540 +msgid "" +"This function must be registered with the interpreter using the " +":c:macro:`METH_VARARGS` flag; this is described in section " +":ref:`methodtable`. The :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` function and its " +"arguments are documented in section :ref:`parsetuple`." +msgstr "" +"此函数必须使用 :c:macro:`METH_VARARGS` 旗标注册到解释器；这将在 :ref:`methodtable` 一节中详细描述。 " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 函数及其参数的文档见 :ref:`parsetuple` 一节。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:545 +msgid "" +"The macros :c:func:`Py_XINCREF` and :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` increment/decrement" +" the reference count of an object and are safe in the presence of ``NULL`` " +"pointers (but note that *temp* will not be ``NULL`` in this context). More" +" info on them in section :ref:`refcounts`." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_XINCREF` 和 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 这两个宏可增加/减少一个对象的引用计数，并且当存在 " +"``NULL`` 指针时仍可保证安全 (但请注意在这个上下文中 *temp* 将不为 ``NULL``)。 更多相关信息请参考 " +":ref:`refcounts` 章节。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:552 +msgid "" +"Later, when it is time to call the function, you call the C function " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject`. This function has two arguments, both " +"pointers to arbitrary Python objects: the Python function, and the argument " +"list. The argument list must always be a tuple object, whose length is the " +"number of arguments. To call the Python function with no arguments, pass in" +" ``NULL``, or an empty tuple; to call it with one argument, pass a singleton" +" tuple. :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` returns a tuple when its format string " +"consists of zero or more format codes between parentheses. For example::" +msgstr "" +"随后，当要调用此函数时，你将调用 C 函数 :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject`。 该函数有两个参数，它们都属于指针，指向任意 " +"Python 对象：即 Python 函数，及其参数列表。 参数列表必须总是一个元组对象，其长度即参数的个数量。 要不带参数地调用 Python " +"函数，则传入 ``NULL`` 或一个空元组；要带一个参数调用它，则传入一个单元组。 :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` " +"会在其格式字符串包含一对圆括号内的零个或多个格式代码时返回一个元组。 例如::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:561 +msgid "" +"int arg;\n" +"PyObject *arglist;\n" +"PyObject *result;\n" +"...\n" +"arg = 123;\n" +"...\n" +"/* Time to call the callback */\n" +"arglist = Py_BuildValue(\"(i)\", arg);\n" +"result = PyObject_CallObject(my_callback, arglist);\n" +"Py_DECREF(arglist);" +msgstr "" +"int arg;\n" +"PyObject *arglist;\n" +"PyObject *result;\n" +"...\n" +"arg = 123;\n" +"...\n" +"/* 此时将调用回调 */\n" +"arglist = Py_BuildValue(\"(i)\", arg);\n" +"result = PyObject_CallObject(my_callback, arglist);\n" +"Py_DECREF(arglist);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:572 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` returns a Python object pointer: this is the " +"return value of the Python function. :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` is " +"\"reference-count-neutral\" with respect to its arguments. In the example a" +" new tuple was created to serve as the argument list, which is " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF`\\ -ed immediately after the " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` call." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` 返回Python对象指针，这也是Python函数的返回值。 " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` 是一个对其参数 \"引用计数无关\" 的函数。例子中新的元组创建用于参数列表，并且在 " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` 之后立即使用了 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:579 +msgid "" +"The return value of :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` is \"new\": either it is a" +" brand new object, or it is an existing object whose reference count has " +"been incremented. So, unless you want to save it in a global variable, you " +"should somehow :c:func:`Py_DECREF` the result, even (especially!) if you are" +" not interested in its value." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` " +"的返回值总是“新”的：要么是一个新建的对象；要么是已有对象，但增加了引用计数。所以除非你想把结果保存在全局变量中，你需要对这个值使用 " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF`，即使你对里面的内容（特别！）不感兴趣。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:585 +msgid "" +"Before you do this, however, it is important to check that the return value " +"isn't ``NULL``. If it is, the Python function terminated by raising an " +"exception. If the C code that called :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` is called" +" from Python, it should now return an error indication to its Python caller," +" so the interpreter can print a stack trace, or the calling Python code can " +"handle the exception. If this is not possible or desirable, the exception " +"should be cleared by calling :c:func:`PyErr_Clear`. For example::" +msgstr "" +"但是在你这么做之前，很重要的一点是检查返回值不是 ``NULL``。 如果是的话，Python 函数会终止并引发异常。 如果调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` 的 C 代码是在 Python 中唤起的，它应当立即返回一个错误来告知其 Python " +"调用者，以便解释器能打印栈回溯信息，或者让调用方 Python 代码能处理该异常。 如果这无法做到或不合本意，则应当通过调用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_Clear` 来清除异常。 例如::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:593 +msgid "" +"if (result == NULL)\n" +" return NULL; /* Pass error back */\n" +"...use result...\n" +"Py_DECREF(result);" +msgstr "" +"if (result == NULL)\n" +" return NULL; /* 回传错误 */\n" +"...使用 result...\n" +"Py_DECREF(result);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:598 +msgid "" +"Depending on the desired interface to the Python callback function, you may " +"also have to provide an argument list to :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject`. In " +"some cases the argument list is also provided by the Python program, through" +" the same interface that specified the callback function. It can then be " +"saved and used in the same manner as the function object. In other cases, " +"you may have to construct a new tuple to pass as the argument list. The " +"simplest way to do this is to call :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`. For example, if" +" you want to pass an integral event code, you might use the following code::" +msgstr "" +"依赖于具体的回调函数，你还要提供一个参数列表到 :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` " +"。在某些情况下参数列表是由Python程序提供的，通过接口再传到回调函数对象。这样就可以不改变形式直接传递。另外一些时候你要构造一个新的元组来传递参数。最简单的方法就是" +" :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 函数构造tuple。举个例子，你要传递一个事件代码时可以用如下代码:" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:607 +msgid "" +"PyObject *arglist;\n" +"...\n" +"arglist = Py_BuildValue(\"(l)\", eventcode);\n" +"result = PyObject_CallObject(my_callback, arglist);\n" +"Py_DECREF(arglist);\n" +"if (result == NULL)\n" +" return NULL; /* Pass error back */\n" +"/* Here maybe use the result */\n" +"Py_DECREF(result);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *arglist;\n" +"...\n" +"arglist = Py_BuildValue(\"(l)\", eventcode);\n" +"result = PyObject_CallObject(my_callback, arglist);\n" +"Py_DECREF(arglist);\n" +"if (result == NULL)\n" +" return NULL; /* Pass error back */\n" +"/* 可以在此使用 result */\n" +"Py_DECREF(result);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:617 +msgid "" +"Note the placement of ``Py_DECREF(arglist)`` immediately after the call, " +"before the error check! Also note that strictly speaking this code is not " +"complete: :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` may run out of memory, and this should be " +"checked." +msgstr "" +"注意 ``Py_DECREF(arglist)`` 所在处会立即调用，在错误检查之前。当然还要注意一些常规的错误，比如 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 可能会遭遇内存不足等等。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:621 +msgid "" +"You may also call a function with keyword arguments by using " +":c:func:`PyObject_Call`, which supports arguments and keyword arguments. As" +" in the above example, we use :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` to construct the " +"dictionary. ::" +msgstr "" +"当你调用函数时还需要注意，用关键字参数调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Call` ，需要支持普通参数和关键字参数。有如如上例子中，我们使用 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 来构造字典。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:625 +msgid "" +"PyObject *dict;\n" +"...\n" +"dict = Py_BuildValue(\"{s:i}\", \"name\", val);\n" +"result = PyObject_Call(my_callback, NULL, dict);\n" +"Py_DECREF(dict);\n" +"if (result == NULL)\n" +" return NULL; /* Pass error back */\n" +"/* Here maybe use the result */\n" +"Py_DECREF(result);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *dict;\n" +"...\n" +"dict = Py_BuildValue(\"{s:i}\", \"name\", val);\n" +"result = PyObject_Call(my_callback, NULL, dict);\n" +"Py_DECREF(dict);\n" +"if (result == NULL)\n" +" return NULL; /* 回传错误 */\n" +"/* 可以在此使用 result */\n" +"Py_DECREF(result);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:639 +msgid "Extracting Parameters in Extension Functions" +msgstr "提取扩展函数的参数" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:643 +msgid "The :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` function is declared as follows::" +msgstr "函数 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 的声明如下：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:645 +msgid "int PyArg_ParseTuple(PyObject *arg, const char *format, ...);" +msgstr "int PyArg_ParseTuple(PyObject *arg, const char *format, ...);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:647 +msgid "" +"The *arg* argument must be a tuple object containing an argument list passed" +" from Python to a C function. The *format* argument must be a format " +"string, whose syntax is explained in :ref:`arg-parsing` in the Python/C API " +"Reference Manual. The remaining arguments must be addresses of variables " +"whose type is determined by the format string." +msgstr "" +"参数 *arg* 必须是一个元组对象，包含从 Python 传递给 C 函数的参数列表。*format* 参数必须是一个格式字符串，语法请参考 " +"Python C/API 手册中的 :ref:`arg-parsing`。剩余参数是各个变量的地址，类型要与格式字符串对应。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Note that while :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` checks that the Python arguments " +"have the required types, it cannot check the validity of the addresses of C " +"variables passed to the call: if you make mistakes there, your code will " +"probably crash or at least overwrite random bits in memory. So be careful!" +msgstr "" +"注意 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"会检测他需要的Python参数类型，却无法检测传递给他的C变量地址，如果这里出错了，可能会在内存中随机写入东西，小心。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:658 +msgid "" +"Note that any Python object references which are provided to the caller are " +"*borrowed* references; do not decrement their reference count!" +msgstr "注意任何由调用者提供的 Python 对象引用是 *借来的* 引用；不要递减它们的引用计数！" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:661 +msgid "Some example calls::" +msgstr "一些调用的例子：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:668 +msgid "" +"int ok;\n" +"int i, j;\n" +"long k, l;\n" +"const char *s;\n" +"Py_ssize_t size;\n" +"\n" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"\"); /* No arguments */\n" +" /* Python call: f() */" +msgstr "" +"int ok;\n" +"int i, j;\n" +"long k, l;\n" +"const char *s;\n" +"Py_ssize_t size;\n" +"\n" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"\"); /* 无参数 */\n" +" /* Python 调用: f() */" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:679 +msgid "" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &s); /* A string */\n" +" /* Possible Python call: f('whoops!') */" +msgstr "" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &s); /* 一个字符串 */\n" +" /* 可能的 Python 调用: f('whoops!') */" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:684 +msgid "" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"lls\", &k, &l, &s); /* Two longs and a string */\n" +" /* Possible Python call: f(1, 2, 'three') */" +msgstr "" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"lls\", &k, &l, &s); /* 两个长整型和一个字符串 */\n" +" /* 可能的 Python 调用: f(1, 2, 'three') */" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:689 +msgid "" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"(ii)s#\", &i, &j, &s, &size);\n" +" /* A pair of ints and a string, whose size is also returned */\n" +" /* Possible Python call: f((1, 2), 'three') */" +msgstr "" +"ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"(ii)s#\", &i, &j, &s, &size);\n" +" /* 一对整数和一个字符串，其大小也将被返回 */\n" +" /* 可能的 Python 调用: f((1, 2), 'three') */" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:695 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" const char *file;\n" +" const char *mode = \"r\";\n" +" int bufsize = 0;\n" +" ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s|si\", &file, &mode, &bufsize);\n" +" /* A string, and optionally another string and an integer */\n" +" /* Possible Python calls:\n" +" f('spam')\n" +" f('spam', 'w')\n" +" f('spam', 'wb', 100000) */\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" const char *file;\n" +" const char *mode = \"r\";\n" +" int bufsize = 0;\n" +" ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s|si\", &file, &mode, &bufsize);\n" +" /* 一个字符串，并可选择传入另一个字符串和一个整数 */\n" +" /* 可能的 Python 调用:\n" +" f('spam')\n" +" f('spam', 'w')\n" +" f('spam', 'wb', 100000) */\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:709 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" int left, top, right, bottom, h, v;\n" +" ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"((ii)(ii))(ii)\",\n" +" &left, &top, &right, &bottom, &h, &v);\n" +" /* A rectangle and a point */\n" +" /* Possible Python call:\n" +" f(((0, 0), (400, 300)), (10, 10)) */\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" int left, top, right, bottom, h, v;\n" +" ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"((ii)(ii))(ii)\",\n" +" &left, &top, &right, &bottom, &h, &v);\n" +" /* 一个矩型和一个点 */\n" +" /* 可能的 Python 调用:\n" +" f(((0, 0), (400, 300)), (10, 10)) */\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:720 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" Py_complex c;\n" +" ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"D:myfunction\", &c);\n" +" /* a complex, also providing a function name for errors */\n" +" /* Possible Python call: myfunction(1+2j) */\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" Py_complex c;\n" +" ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"D:myfunction\", &c);\n" +" /* 一个复数，并提供一个函数名用于错误处理 */\n" +" /* Possible Python call: myfunction(1+2j) */\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:731 +msgid "Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions" +msgstr "给扩展函数的关键字参数" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:735 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` function is declared as follows::" +msgstr "函数 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 声明如下：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:737 +msgid "" +"int PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *arg, PyObject *kwdict,\n" +" const char *format, char * const *kwlist, ...);" +msgstr "" +"int PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *arg, PyObject *kwdict,\n" +" const char *format, char * const *kwlist, ...);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:740 +msgid "" +"The *arg* and *format* parameters are identical to those of the " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` function. The *kwdict* parameter is the " +"dictionary of keywords received as the third parameter from the Python " +"runtime. The *kwlist* parameter is a ``NULL``-terminated list of strings " +"which identify the parameters; the names are matched with the type " +"information from *format* from left to right. On success, " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` returns true, otherwise it returns " +"false and raises an appropriate exception." +msgstr "" +"*arg* 与 *format* 形参与 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 函数所定义的一致。 *kwdict* " +"形参是作为第三个参数从 Python 运行时接收的关键字字典。 *kwlist* 形参是以 ``NULL`` " +"结尾的字符串列表，它被用来标识形参；名称从左至右与来自 *format* 的类型信息相匹配。 " +"如果执行成功，:c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 会返回真值，否则返回假值并引发一个适当的异常。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:750 +msgid "" +"Nested tuples cannot be parsed when using keyword arguments! Keyword " +"parameters passed in which are not present in the *kwlist* will cause " +":exc:`TypeError` to be raised." +msgstr "嵌套的元组在使用关键字参数时无法生效，不在 *kwlist* 中的关键字参数会导致 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Here is an example module which uses keywords, based on an example by Geoff " +"Philbrick (philbrick@hks.com)::" +msgstr "如下例子是使用关键字参数的例子模块，作者是 Geoff Philbrick (philbrick@hks.com):" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:759 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"keywdarg_parrot(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *keywds)\n" +"{\n" +" int voltage;\n" +" const char *state = \"a stiff\";\n" +" const char *action = \"voom\";\n" +" const char *type = \"Norwegian Blue\";\n" +"\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"voltage\", \"state\", \"action\", \"type\", NULL};\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, keywds, \"i|sss\", kwlist,\n" +" &voltage, &state, &action, &type))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" printf(\"-- This parrot wouldn't %s if you put %i Volts through it.\\n\",\n" +" action, voltage);\n" +" printf(\"-- Lovely plumage, the %s -- It's %s!\\n\", type, state);\n" +"\n" +" Py_RETURN_NONE;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef keywdarg_methods[] = {\n" +" /* The cast of the function is necessary since PyCFunction values\n" +" * only take two PyObject* parameters, and keywdarg_parrot() takes\n" +" * three.\n" +" */\n" +" {\"parrot\", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))keywdarg_parrot, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,\n" +" \"Print a lovely skit to standard output.\"},\n" +" {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static struct PyModuleDef keywdargmodule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" \"keywdarg\",\n" +" NULL,\n" +" -1,\n" +" keywdarg_methods\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_keywdarg(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&keywdargmodule);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"keywdarg_parrot(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *keywds)\n" +"{\n" +" int voltage;\n" +" const char *state = \"a stiff\";\n" +" const char *action = \"voom\";\n" +" const char *type = \"Norwegian Blue\";\n" +"\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"voltage\", \"state\", \"action\", \"type\", NULL};\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, keywds, \"i|sss\", kwlist,\n" +" &voltage, &state, &action, &type))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" printf(\"-- This parrot wouldn't %s if you put %i Volts through it.\\n\",\n" +" action, voltage);\n" +" printf(\"-- Lovely plumage, the %s -- It's %s!\\n\", type, state);\n" +"\n" +" Py_RETURN_NONE;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef keywdarg_methods[] = {\n" +" /* 函数的转换是必要的因为 PyCFunction 值\n" +" * 仅接受两个 PyObject* 形参，而 keywdarg_parrot()\n" +" * 接受三个。\n" +" */\n" +" {\"parrot\", (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))keywdarg_parrot, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,\n" +" \"Print a lovely skit to standard output.\"},\n" +" {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} /* sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static struct PyModuleDef keywdargmodule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" \"keywdarg\",\n" +" NULL,\n" +" -1,\n" +" keywdarg_methods\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_keywdarg(void)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyModule_Create(&keywdargmodule);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:811 +msgid "Building Arbitrary Values" +msgstr "构造任意值" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:813 +msgid "" +"This function is the counterpart to :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`. It is " +"declared as follows::" +msgstr "这个函数与 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 很相似，声明如下：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:816 +msgid "PyObject *Py_BuildValue(const char *format, ...);" +msgstr "PyObject *Py_BuildValue(const char *format, ...);" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:818 +msgid "" +"It recognizes a set of format units similar to the ones recognized by " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, but the arguments (which are input to the " +"function, not output) must not be pointers, just values. It returns a new " +"Python object, suitable for returning from a C function called from Python." +msgstr "" +"接受一个格式字符串，与 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"相同，但是参数必须是原变量的地址指针(输入给函数，而非输出)。最终返回一个Python对象适合于返回C函数调用给Python代码。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:823 +msgid "" +"One difference with :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`: while the latter requires " +"its first argument to be a tuple (since Python argument lists are always " +"represented as tuples internally), :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` does not always " +"build a tuple. It builds a tuple only if its format string contains two or " +"more format units. If the format string is empty, it returns ``None``; if it" +" contains exactly one format unit, it returns whatever object is described " +"by that format unit. To force it to return a tuple of size 0 or one, " +"parenthesize the format string." +msgstr "" +"一个与 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` " +"的不同是，后面可能需要的要求返回一个元组(Python参数里诶包总是在内部描述为元组)，比如用于传递给其他Python函数以参数。 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 并不总是生成元组，在多于1个格式字符串时会生成元组，而如果格式字符串为空则返回 ``None`` " +"，一个参数则直接返回该参数的对象。如果要求强制生成一个长度为0的元组，或包含一个元素的元组，需要在格式字符串中加上括号。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:831 +msgid "" +"Examples (to the left the call, to the right the resulting Python value):" +msgstr "例子(左侧是调用，右侧是Python值结果)：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:833 +msgid "" +"Py_BuildValue(\"\") None\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"i\", 123) 123\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"iii\", 123, 456, 789) (123, 456, 789)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"s\", \"hello\") 'hello'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"y\", \"hello\") b'hello'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"ss\", \"hello\", \"world\") ('hello', 'world')\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"s#\", \"hello\", 4) 'hell'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"y#\", \"hello\", 4) b'hell'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"()\") ()\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"(i)\", 123) (123,)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"(ii)\", 123, 456) (123, 456)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"(i,i)\", 123, 456) (123, 456)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"[i,i]\", 123, 456) [123, 456]\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"{s:i,s:i}\",\n" +" \"abc\", 123, \"def\", 456) {'abc': 123, 'def': 456}\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"((ii)(ii)) (ii)\",\n" +" 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) (((1, 2), (3, 4)), (5, 6))" +msgstr "" +"Py_BuildValue(\"\") None\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"i\", 123) 123\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"iii\", 123, 456, 789) (123, 456, 789)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"s\", \"hello\") 'hello'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"y\", \"hello\") b'hello'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"ss\", \"hello\", \"world\") ('hello', 'world')\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"s#\", \"hello\", 4) 'hell'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"y#\", \"hello\", 4) b'hell'\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"()\") ()\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"(i)\", 123) (123,)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"(ii)\", 123, 456) (123, 456)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"(i,i)\", 123, 456) (123, 456)\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"[i,i]\", 123, 456) [123, 456]\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"{s:i,s:i}\",\n" +" \"abc\", 123, \"def\", 456) {'abc': 123, 'def': 456}\n" +"Py_BuildValue(\"((ii)(ii)) (ii)\",\n" +" 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) (((1, 2), (3, 4)), (5, 6))" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:857 +msgid "Reference Counts" +msgstr "引用计数" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:859 +msgid "" +"In languages like C or C++, the programmer is responsible for dynamic " +"allocation and deallocation of memory on the heap. In C, this is done using" +" the functions :c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free`. In C++, the operators " +"``new`` and ``delete`` are used with essentially the same meaning and we'll " +"restrict the following discussion to the C case." +msgstr "" +"在C/C++语言中，程序员负责动态分配和回收堆heap当中的内存。在C里，通过函数 :c:func:`malloc` 和 :c:func:`free` " +"来完成。在C++里是操作 ``new`` 和 ``delete`` 来实现相同的功能。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:865 +msgid "" +"Every block of memory allocated with :c:func:`malloc` should eventually be " +"returned to the pool of available memory by exactly one call to " +":c:func:`free`. It is important to call :c:func:`free` at the right time. " +"If a block's address is forgotten but :c:func:`free` is not called for it, " +"the memory it occupies cannot be reused until the program terminates. This " +"is called a :dfn:`memory leak`. On the other hand, if a program calls " +":c:func:`free` for a block and then continues to use the block, it creates a" +" conflict with reuse of the block through another :c:func:`malloc` call. " +"This is called :dfn:`using freed memory`. It has the same bad consequences " +"as referencing uninitialized data --- core dumps, wrong results, mysterious " +"crashes." +msgstr "" +"每个使用 :c:func:`malloc` 分配的内存块最终都应当通过恰好一次对 :c:func:`free` 的调用返回到可用内存池中。 调用 " +":c:func:`free` 的时机非常重要。 如果一个块地址被遗忘而没有为它执行 :c:func:`free` " +"调用，它所占用的内存在程序终结之前将无法被重新使用。 这就称为 :dfn:`内存泄漏`。 另一方面，如果程序为一个块地址调用了 " +":c:func:`free` 然后却继续使用该内存块，它将与通过另一个 :c:func:`malloc` 调用对该内存块的重新使用产生冲突。 这就称为 " +":dfn:`使用已释放的内存`。 它所造成的后果与引用未初始化数据一样糟糕 --- 核心转储、错误结果、意外崩溃等等。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:876 +msgid "" +"Common causes of memory leaks are unusual paths through the code. For " +"instance, a function may allocate a block of memory, do some calculation, " +"and then free the block again. Now a change in the requirements for the " +"function may add a test to the calculation that detects an error condition " +"and can return prematurely from the function. It's easy to forget to free " +"the allocated memory block when taking this premature exit, especially when " +"it is added later to the code. Such leaks, once introduced, often go " +"undetected for a long time: the error exit is taken only in a small fraction" +" of all calls, and most modern machines have plenty of virtual memory, so " +"the leak only becomes apparent in a long-running process that uses the " +"leaking function frequently. Therefore, it's important to prevent leaks " +"from happening by having a coding convention or strategy that minimizes this" +" kind of errors." +msgstr "" +"内存泄露往往发生在一些并不常见的代码流程上面。比如一个函数申请了内存以后，做了些计算，然后释放内存块。现在一些对函数的修改可能增加对计算的测试并检测错误条件，然后过早的从函数返回了。这很容易忘记在退出前释放内存，特别是后期修改的代码。这种内存泄漏，一旦引入，通常很长时间都难以检测到，错误退出被调用的频度较低，而现代电脑又有非常巨大的虚拟内存，所以泄漏仅在长期运行或频繁调用泄漏函数时才会变得明显。因此，有必要避免内存泄漏，通过代码规范会策略来最小化此类错误。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:889 +msgid "" +"Since Python makes heavy use of :c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free`, it " +"needs a strategy to avoid memory leaks as well as the use of freed memory. " +"The chosen method is called :dfn:`reference counting`. The principle is " +"simple: every object contains a counter, which is incremented when a " +"reference to the object is stored somewhere, and which is decremented when a" +" reference to it is deleted. When the counter reaches zero, the last " +"reference to the object has been deleted and the object is freed." +msgstr "" +"Python通过 :c:func:`malloc` 和 :c:func:`free` " +"包含大量的内存分配和释放，同样需要避免内存泄漏和野指针。他选择的方法就是 :dfn:`引用计数` " +"。其原理比较简单：每个对象都包含一个计数器，计数器的增减与对象引用的增减直接相关，当引用计数为0时，表示对象已经没有存在的意义了，对象就可以删除了。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:897 +msgid "" +"An alternative strategy is called :dfn:`automatic garbage collection`. " +"(Sometimes, reference counting is also referred to as a garbage collection " +"strategy, hence my use of \"automatic\" to distinguish the two.) The big " +"advantage of automatic garbage collection is that the user doesn't need to " +"call :c:func:`free` explicitly. (Another claimed advantage is an " +"improvement in speed or memory usage --- this is no hard fact however.) The" +" disadvantage is that for C, there is no truly portable automatic garbage " +"collector, while reference counting can be implemented portably (as long as " +"the functions :c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free` are available --- which " +"the C Standard guarantees). Maybe some day a sufficiently portable automatic" +" garbage collector will be available for C. Until then, we'll have to live " +"with reference counts." +msgstr "" +"另一个叫法是 :dfn:`自动垃圾回收` " +"。(有时引用计数也被看作是垃圾回收策略，于是这里的\"自动\"用以区分两者)。自动垃圾回收的优点是用户不需要明确的调用 :c:func:`free` " +"。(另一个优点是改善速度或内存使用，然而这并不难)。缺点是对C，没有可移植的自动垃圾回收器，而引用计数则可以可移植的实现(只要 " +":c:func:`malloc` 和 :c:func:`free` " +"函数是可用的，这也是C标准担保的)。也许以后有一天会出现可移植的自动垃圾回收器，但在此前我们必须与引用计数一起工作。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:909 +msgid "" +"While Python uses the traditional reference counting implementation, it also" +" offers a cycle detector that works to detect reference cycles. This allows" +" applications to not worry about creating direct or indirect circular " +"references; these are the weakness of garbage collection implemented using " +"only reference counting. Reference cycles consist of objects which contain " +"(possibly indirect) references to themselves, so that each object in the " +"cycle has a reference count which is non-zero. Typical reference counting " +"implementations are not able to reclaim the memory belonging to any objects " +"in a reference cycle, or referenced from the objects in the cycle, even " +"though there are no further references to the cycle itself." +msgstr "" +"Python使用传统的引用计数实现，也提供了循环监测器，用以检测引用循环。这使得应用无需担心直接或间接的创建了循环引用，这是引用计数垃圾收集的一个弱点。引用循环是对象(可能直接)的引用了本身，所以循环中的每个对象的引用计数都不是0。典型的引用计数实现无法回收处于引用循环中的对象，或者被循环所引用的对象，哪怕没有循环以外的引用了。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:920 +msgid "" +"The cycle detector is able to detect garbage cycles and can reclaim them. " +"The :mod:`gc` module exposes a way to run the detector (the " +":func:`~gc.collect` function), as well as configuration interfaces and the " +"ability to disable the detector at runtime." +msgstr "" +"循环检测器能够检测垃圾回收循环并能回收它们。 :mod:`gc` 模块提供了一种运行该检测器的方式 (:func:`~gc.collect` " +"函数)，以及多个配置接口和在运行时禁用该检测器的功能。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:929 +msgid "Reference Counting in Python" +msgstr "Python中的引用计数" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:931 +msgid "" +"There are two macros, ``Py_INCREF(x)`` and ``Py_DECREF(x)``, which handle " +"the incrementing and decrementing of the reference count. " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` also frees the object when the count reaches zero. For " +"flexibility, it doesn't call :c:func:`free` directly --- rather, it makes a " +"call through a function pointer in the object's :dfn:`type object`. For " +"this purpose (and others), every object also contains a pointer to its type " +"object." +msgstr "" +"有两个宏 ``Py_INCREF(x)`` 和 ``Py_DECREF(x)`` ，会处理引用计数的增减。 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"也会在引用计数到达0时释放对象。为了灵活，并不会直接调用 :c:func:`free` ，而是通过对象的 :dfn:`类型对象` " +"的函数指针来调用。为了这个目的(或其他的)，每个对象同时包含一个指向自身类型对象的指针。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:938 +msgid "" +"The big question now remains: when to use ``Py_INCREF(x)`` and " +"``Py_DECREF(x)``? Let's first introduce some terms. Nobody \"owns\" an " +"object; however, you can :dfn:`own a reference` to an object. An object's " +"reference count is now defined as the number of owned references to it. The" +" owner of a reference is responsible for calling :c:func:`Py_DECREF` when " +"the reference is no longer needed. Ownership of a reference can be " +"transferred. There are three ways to dispose of an owned reference: pass it" +" on, store it, or call :c:func:`Py_DECREF`. Forgetting to dispose of an " +"owned reference creates a memory leak." +msgstr "" +"最大的问题依旧：何时使用 ``Py_INCREF(x)`` 和 ``Py_DECREF(x)`` " +"？我们首先引入一些概念。没有人\"拥有\"一个对象，你可以 :dfn:`拥有一个引用` " +"到一个对象。一个对象的引用计数定义为拥有引用的数量。引用的拥有者有责任调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"，在引用不再需要时。引用的拥有关系可以被传递。有三种办法来处置拥有的引用：传递、存储、调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"。忘记处置一个拥有的引用会导致内存泄漏。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:947 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to :dfn:`borrow` [#]_ a reference to an object. The " +"borrower of a reference should not call :c:func:`Py_DECREF`. The borrower " +"must not hold on to the object longer than the owner from which it was " +"borrowed. Using a borrowed reference after the owner has disposed of it " +"risks using freed memory and should be avoided completely [#]_." +msgstr "" +"还可以 :dfn:`借用` [#]_ 一个对象的引用。借用的引用不应该调用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"。借用者必须确保不能持有对象超过拥有者借出的时间。在拥有者处置对象后使用借用的引用是有风险的，应该完全避免 [#]_ 。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:953 +msgid "" +"The advantage of borrowing over owning a reference is that you don't need to" +" take care of disposing of the reference on all possible paths through the " +"code --- in other words, with a borrowed reference you don't run the risk of" +" leaking when a premature exit is taken. The disadvantage of borrowing over" +" owning is that there are some subtle situations where in seemingly correct " +"code a borrowed reference can be used after the owner from which it was " +"borrowed has in fact disposed of it." +msgstr "" +"借用相对于引用的优点是你无需担心整条路径上代码的引用，或者说，通过借用你无需担心内存泄漏的风险。借用的缺点是一些看起来正确代码上的借用可能会在拥有者处置后使用对象。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:961 +msgid "" +"A borrowed reference can be changed into an owned reference by calling " +":c:func:`Py_INCREF`. This does not affect the status of the owner from " +"which the reference was borrowed --- it creates a new owned reference, and " +"gives full owner responsibilities (the new owner must dispose of the " +"reference properly, as well as the previous owner)." +msgstr "" +"借用可以变为拥有引用，通过调用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF`。 这不会影响已经借出的拥有者的状态。 " +"这会创建一个新的拥有引用，并给予完全的拥有者责任（新的拥有者必须恰当的处置引用，就像之前的拥有者那样）。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:971 +msgid "Ownership Rules" +msgstr "拥有规则" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:973 +msgid "" +"Whenever an object reference is passed into or out of a function, it is part" +" of the function's interface specification whether ownership is transferred " +"with the reference or not." +msgstr "当一个对象引用传递进出一个函数时，函数的接口应该指定拥有关系的传递是否包含引用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:977 +msgid "" +"Most functions that return a reference to an object pass on ownership with " +"the reference. In particular, all functions whose function it is to create " +"a new object, such as :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` and :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`," +" pass ownership to the receiver. Even if the object is not actually new, " +"you still receive ownership of a new reference to that object. For " +"instance, :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` maintains a cache of popular values and " +"can return a reference to a cached item." +msgstr "" +"大多数函数返回一个对象的引用，并传递引用拥有关系。通常，所有创建对象的函数，例如 :c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` ，会传递拥有关系给接收者。即便是对象不是真正新的，你仍然可以获得对象的新引用。一个实例是 " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromLong` 维护了一个流行值的缓存，并可以返回已缓存项目的新引用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:985 +msgid "" +"Many functions that extract objects from other objects also transfer " +"ownership with the reference, for instance :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`." +" The picture is less clear, here, however, since a few common routines are " +"exceptions: :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem`, :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`, " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, and :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString` all return " +"references that you borrow from the tuple, list or dictionary." +msgstr "" +"很多另一个对象提取对象的函数，也会传递引用关系，例如 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString` " +"。这里的情况不够清晰，一些不太常用的例程是例外的 :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` ， " +":c:func:`PyList_GetItem` ， :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` ， " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString` 都是返回从元组、列表、字典里借用的引用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:992 +msgid "" +"The function :c:func:`PyImport_AddModule` also returns a borrowed reference," +" even though it may actually create the object it returns: this is possible " +"because an owned reference to the object is stored in ``sys.modules``." +msgstr "" +"函数 :c:func:`PyImport_AddModule` 也会返回借用的引用，哪怕可能会返回创建的对象：这个可能因为一个拥有的引用对象是存储在 " +"``sys.modules`` 里。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:996 +msgid "" +"When you pass an object reference into another function, in general, the " +"function borrows the reference from you --- if it needs to store it, it will" +" use :c:func:`Py_INCREF` to become an independent owner. There are exactly " +"two important exceptions to this rule: :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` and " +":c:func:`PyList_SetItem`. These functions take over ownership of the item " +"passed to them --- even if they fail! (Note that :c:func:`PyDict_SetItem` " +"and friends don't take over ownership --- they are \"normal.\")" +msgstr "" +"当你传递一个对象引用到另一个函数时，通常函数是借用出去的。如果需要存储，就使用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` " +"来变成独立的拥有者。这个规则有两个重要的例外： :c:func:`PyTuple_SetItem` 和 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem`" +" 。这些函数接受传递来的引用关系，哪怕会失败！(注意 :c:func:`PyDict_SetItem` " +"及其同类不会接受引用关系，他们是\"正常的\")。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"When a C function is called from Python, it borrows references to its " +"arguments from the caller. The caller owns a reference to the object, so " +"the borrowed reference's lifetime is guaranteed until the function returns." +" Only when such a borrowed reference must be stored or passed on, it must " +"be turned into an owned reference by calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF`." +msgstr "" +"当一个C函数被Python调用时，会从调用方传来的参数借用引用。调用者拥有对象的引用，所以借用的引用生命周期可以保证到函数返回。只要当借用的引用需要存储或传递时，就必须转换为拥有的引用，通过调用" +" :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"The object reference returned from a C function that is called from Python " +"must be an owned reference --- ownership is transferred from the function to" +" its caller." +msgstr "Python调用从C函数返回的对象引用时必须是拥有的引用---拥有关系被从函数传递给调用者。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1018 +msgid "Thin Ice" +msgstr "危险的薄冰" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"There are a few situations where seemingly harmless use of a borrowed " +"reference can lead to problems. These all have to do with implicit " +"invocations of the interpreter, which can cause the owner of a reference to " +"dispose of it." +msgstr "有少数情况下，借用的引用看起来无害，但却可能导致问题。这通常是因为解释器的隐式调用，并可能导致引用拥有者处置这个引用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"The first and most important case to know about is using :c:func:`Py_DECREF`" +" on an unrelated object while borrowing a reference to a list item. For " +"instance::" +msgstr "首先需要特别注意的情况是使用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 到一个无关对象，而这个对象的引用是借用自一个列表的元素。举个实例：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"void\n" +"bug(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);\n" +"\n" +" PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyLong_FromLong(0L));\n" +" PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0); /* BUG! */\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"void\n" +"bug(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);\n" +"\n" +" PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyLong_FromLong(0L));\n" +" PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0); /* BUG! */\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"This function first borrows a reference to ``list[0]``, then replaces " +"``list[1]`` with the value ``0``, and finally prints the borrowed reference." +" Looks harmless, right? But it's not!" +msgstr "" +"这个函数首先借用一个引用 ``list[0]`` ，然后替换 ``list[1]`` 为值 ``0`` ，最后打印借用的引用。看起来无害是吧，但却不是。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1040 +msgid "" +"Let's follow the control flow into :c:func:`PyList_SetItem`. The list owns " +"references to all its items, so when item 1 is replaced, it has to dispose " +"of the original item 1. Now let's suppose the original item 1 was an " +"instance of a user-defined class, and let's further suppose that the class " +"defined a :meth:`!__del__` method. If this class instance has a reference " +"count of 1, disposing of it will call its :meth:`!__del__` method." +msgstr "" +"让我们跟随控制流进入 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem`。 列表拥有对其所有条目的引用，因此当条目 1 被替换时，它必须丢弃原始条目 1。" +" 现在我们假设原始条目 1 是一个用户定义类的实例，并进一步假设该类定义了一个 :meth:`!__del__` 方法。 如果该类实例的引用计数为 " +"1，那么丢弃它时将调用其 :meth:`!__del__` 方法。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"Since it is written in Python, the :meth:`!__del__` method can execute " +"arbitrary Python code. Could it perhaps do something to invalidate the " +"reference to ``item`` in :c:func:`!bug`? You bet! Assuming that the list " +"passed into :c:func:`!bug` is accessible to the :meth:`!__del__` method, it " +"could execute a statement to the effect of ``del list[0]``, and assuming " +"this was the last reference to that object, it would free the memory " +"associated with it, thereby invalidating ``item``." +msgstr "" +"由于它是用 Python 编写的，因此 :meth:`!__del__` 方法可以执行任意 Python 代码。 它是否可以使 " +":c:func:`!bug` 中对 ``item`` 的引用失效呢？ 当然可以！ 假定传入 :c:func:`!bug` 的列表可以被 " +":meth:`!__del__` 方法访问，它就可以执行一条语句实现 ``del list[0]`` " +"的效果，假定这是对该对象的最后一次引用，它就会释放与之相关联的内存，从而使 ``item`` 失效。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"The solution, once you know the source of the problem, is easy: temporarily " +"increment the reference count. The correct version of the function reads::" +msgstr "解决方法是，当你知道了问题的根源，就容易了：临时增加引用计数。正确版本的函数代码如下：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"void\n" +"no_bug(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);\n" +"\n" +" Py_INCREF(item);\n" +" PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyLong_FromLong(0L));\n" +" PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0);\n" +" Py_DECREF(item);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"void\n" +"no_bug(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);\n" +"\n" +" Py_INCREF(item);\n" +" PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyLong_FromLong(0L));\n" +" PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0);\n" +" Py_DECREF(item);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1069 +msgid "" +"This is a true story. An older version of Python contained variants of this" +" bug and someone spent a considerable amount of time in a C debugger to " +"figure out why his :meth:`!__del__` methods would fail..." +msgstr "" +"这是一个真实的故事。 一个较旧版本的 Python 曾经包含此问题的变化形式，有人在 C 语言调试器中花费了大量时间，才弄明白为什么他的 " +":meth:`!__del__` 方法会失败……" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"The second case of problems with a borrowed reference is a variant involving" +" threads. Normally, multiple threads in the Python interpreter can't get in" +" each other's way, because there is a global lock protecting Python's entire" +" object space. However, it is possible to temporarily release this lock " +"using the macro :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS`, and to re-acquire it " +"using :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`. This is common around blocking I/O " +"calls, to let other threads use the processor while waiting for the I/O to " +"complete. Obviously, the following function has the same problem as the " +"previous one::" +msgstr "" +"这个问题的第二种情况是借用的引用涉及线程的变种。通常，Python解释器里多个线程无法进入对方的路径，因为有个全局锁保护着Python整个对象空间。但可以使用宏" +" :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` 来临时释放这个锁，重新获取锁用 " +":c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` " +"。这通常围绕在阻塞I/O调用外，使得其他线程可以在等待I/O期间使用处理器。显然，如下函数会跟之前那个有一样的问题：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"void\n" +"bug(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);\n" +" Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS\n" +" ...some blocking I/O call...\n" +" Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS\n" +" PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0); /* BUG! */\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"void\n" +"bug(PyObject *list)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);\n" +" Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS\n" +" ...some blocking I/O call...\n" +" Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS\n" +" PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0); /* BUG! */\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1096 +msgid "NULL Pointers" +msgstr "NULL指针" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"In general, functions that take object references as arguments do not expect" +" you to pass them ``NULL`` pointers, and will dump core (or cause later core" +" dumps) if you do so. Functions that return object references generally " +"return ``NULL`` only to indicate that an exception occurred. The reason for" +" not testing for ``NULL`` arguments is that functions often pass the objects" +" they receive on to other function --- if each function were to test for " +"``NULL``, there would be a lot of redundant tests and the code would run " +"more slowly." +msgstr "" +"通常，接受对象引用作为参数的函数不希望你传给它们 ``NULL`` 指针，并且当你这样做时将会转储核心（或在以后导致核心转储）。 " +"返回对象引用的函数通常只在要指明发生了异常时才返回 ``NULL``。 不检测 ``NULL`` " +"参数的原因在于这些函数经常要将它们所接收的对象传给其他函数 --- 如果每个函数都检测 ``NULL``，将会导致大量的冗余检测而使代码运行得更缓慢。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1106 +msgid "" +"It is better to test for ``NULL`` only at the \"source:\" when a pointer " +"that may be ``NULL`` is received, for example, from :c:func:`malloc` or from" +" a function that may raise an exception." +msgstr "" +"更好的做法是仅在“源头”上检测 ``NULL``，即在接收到一个可能为 ``NULL`` 的指针，例如来自 :c:func:`malloc` " +"或是一个可能引发异常的函数的时候。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"The macros :c:func:`Py_INCREF` and :c:func:`Py_DECREF` do not check for " +"``NULL`` pointers --- however, their variants :c:func:`Py_XINCREF` and " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF` do." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_INCREF` 和 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 等宏不会检测 ``NULL`` 指针 --- 但是，它们的变种 " +":c:func:`Py_XINCREF` 和 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 则会检测。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1114 +msgid "" +"The macros for checking for a particular object type (``Pytype_Check()``) " +"don't check for ``NULL`` pointers --- again, there is much code that calls " +"several of these in a row to test an object against various different " +"expected types, and this would generate redundant tests. There are no " +"variants with ``NULL`` checking." +msgstr "" +"用于检测特定对象类型的宏 (``Pytype_Check()``) 不会检测 ``NULL`` 指针 --- " +"同样地，有大量代码会连续调用这些宏来测试一个对象是否为几种不同预期类型之一，这将会生成冗余的测试。 不存在带有 ``NULL`` 检测的变体。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"The C function calling mechanism guarantees that the argument list passed to" +" C functions (``args`` in the examples) is never ``NULL`` --- in fact it " +"guarantees that it is always a tuple [#]_." +msgstr "" +"C 函数调用机制会保证传给 C 函数的参数列表 (本示例中为 ``args``) 绝不会为 ``NULL`` --- 实际上它会保证其总是为一个元组 " +"[#]_。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"It is a severe error to ever let a ``NULL`` pointer \"escape\" to the Python" +" user." +msgstr "任何时候将 ``NULL`` 指针“泄露”给 Python 用户都会是个严重的错误。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1135 +msgid "Writing Extensions in C++" +msgstr "在C++中编写扩展" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1137 +msgid "" +"It is possible to write extension modules in C++. Some restrictions apply." +" If the main program (the Python interpreter) is compiled and linked by the" +" C compiler, global or static objects with constructors cannot be used. " +"This is not a problem if the main program is linked by the C++ compiler. " +"Functions that will be called by the Python interpreter (in particular, " +"module initialization functions) have to be declared using ``extern \"C\"``." +" It is unnecessary to enclose the Python header files in ``extern \"C\" " +"{...}`` --- they use this form already if the symbol ``__cplusplus`` is " +"defined (all recent C++ compilers define this symbol)." +msgstr "" +"还可以在C++中编写扩展模块，只是有些限制。如果主程序(Python解释器)是使用C编译器来编译和链接的，全局或静态对象的构造器就不能使用。而如果是C++编译器来链接的就没有这个问题。函数会被Python解释器调用(通常就是模块初始化函数)必须声明为" +" ``extern \"C\"`` 。而是否在 ``extern \"C\" {...}`` 里包含Python头文件则不是那么重要，因为如果定义了符号" +" ``__cplusplus`` 则已经是这么声明的了(所有现代C++编译器都会定义这个符号)。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1151 +msgid "Providing a C API for an Extension Module" +msgstr "给扩展模块提供C API" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1156 +msgid "" +"Many extension modules just provide new functions and types to be used from " +"Python, but sometimes the code in an extension module can be useful for " +"other extension modules. For example, an extension module could implement a " +"type \"collection\" which works like lists without order. Just like the " +"standard Python list type has a C API which permits extension modules to " +"create and manipulate lists, this new collection type should have a set of C" +" functions for direct manipulation from other extension modules." +msgstr "" +"很多扩展模块提供了新的函数和类型供Python使用，但有时扩展模块里的代码也可以被其他扩展模块使用。例如，一个扩展模块可以实现一个类型 " +"\"collection\" 看起来是没有顺序的。就像是Python列表类型，拥有C " +"API允许扩展模块来创建和维护列表，这个新的集合类型可以有一堆C函数用于给其他扩展模块直接使用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1164 +msgid "" +"At first sight this seems easy: just write the functions (without declaring " +"them ``static``, of course), provide an appropriate header file, and " +"document the C API. And in fact this would work if all extension modules " +"were always linked statically with the Python interpreter. When modules are " +"used as shared libraries, however, the symbols defined in one module may not" +" be visible to another module. The details of visibility depend on the " +"operating system; some systems use one global namespace for the Python " +"interpreter and all extension modules (Windows, for example), whereas others" +" require an explicit list of imported symbols at module link time (AIX is " +"one example), or offer a choice of different strategies (most Unices). And " +"even if symbols are globally visible, the module whose functions one wishes " +"to call might not have been loaded yet!" +msgstr "" +"开始看起来很简单：只需要编写函数(无需声明为 ``static`` )，提供恰当的头文件，以及C " +"API的文档。实际上在所有扩展模块都是静态链接到Python解释器时也是可以正常工作的。当模块以共享库链接时，一个模块中的符号定义对另一个模块不可见。可见的细节依赖于操作系统，一些系统的Python解释器使用全局命名空间(例如Windows)，有些则在链接时需要一个严格的已导入符号列表(一个例子是AIX)，或者提供可选的不同策略(如Unix系列)。即便是符号是全局可见的，你要调用的模块也可能尚未加载。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"Portability therefore requires not to make any assumptions about symbol " +"visibility. This means that all symbols in extension modules should be " +"declared ``static``, except for the module's initialization function, in " +"order to avoid name clashes with other extension modules (as discussed in " +"section :ref:`methodtable`). And it means that symbols that *should* be " +"accessible from other extension modules must be exported in a different way." +msgstr "" +"可移植性需要不能对符号可见性做任何假设。这意味着扩展模块里的所有符号都应该声明为 ``static`` " +"，除了模块的初始化函数，来避免与其他扩展模块的命名冲突(在段落 :ref:`methodtable` 中讨论) 。这意味着符号应该 *必须* " +"通过其他导出方式来供其他扩展模块访问。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"Python provides a special mechanism to pass C-level information (pointers) " +"from one extension module to another one: Capsules. A Capsule is a Python " +"data type which stores a pointer (:c:expr:`void \\*`). Capsules can only be" +" created and accessed via their C API, but they can be passed around like " +"any other Python object. In particular, they can be assigned to a name in " +"an extension module's namespace. Other extension modules can then import " +"this module, retrieve the value of this name, and then retrieve the pointer " +"from the Capsule." +msgstr "" +"Python 提供了一个特别的机制用来从一个扩展模块向另一个扩展模块传递 C 层级的信息 (指针): Capsule。 一个 Capsule " +"就是一个存储了指针 (:c:expr:`void \\*`) 的 Python 数据类型。 Capsule 只能通过其 C API " +"来创建和访问，但它们可以像任何其他 Python 对象一样被传递。 特别地，它们可以被赋值给扩展模块命名空间中的一个名称。 " +"其他扩展模块将可以导入这个模块，获取该名称对应的值，然后从 Capsule 中获取指针。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1191 +msgid "" +"There are many ways in which Capsules can be used to export the C API of an " +"extension module. Each function could get its own Capsule, or all C API " +"pointers could be stored in an array whose address is published in a " +"Capsule. And the various tasks of storing and retrieving the pointers can be" +" distributed in different ways between the module providing the code and the" +" client modules." +msgstr "" +"Capsule可以用多种方式导出C API给扩展模块。每个函数可以用自己的Capsule，或者所有C " +"API指针可以存储在一个数组里，数组地址再发布给Capsule。存储和获取指针也可以用多种方式，供客户端模块使用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"Whichever method you choose, it's important to name your Capsules properly. " +"The function :c:func:`PyCapsule_New` takes a name parameter (:c:expr:`const " +"char \\*`); you're permitted to pass in a ``NULL`` name, but we strongly " +"encourage you to specify a name. Properly named Capsules provide a degree " +"of runtime type-safety; there is no feasible way to tell one unnamed Capsule" +" from another." +msgstr "" +"无论你选择哪个方法，为你的 Capsule 指定适当的名称都很重要。 函数 :c:func:`PyCapsule_New` 接受一个 name 形参 " +"(:c:expr:`const char \\*`)；允许你传入一个 ``NULL`` 作为名称，但我们强烈推荐你指定名称。 正确地命名的 " +"Capsule 提供了一定的运行时类型安全性；没有可行的方式能区别两个未命名的 Capsule。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"In particular, Capsules used to expose C APIs should be given a name " +"following this convention::" +msgstr "通常来说，Capsule用于暴露C API，其名字应该遵循如下规范：" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1207 +msgid "modulename.attributename" +msgstr "modulename.attributename" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1209 +msgid "" +"The convenience function :c:func:`PyCapsule_Import` makes it easy to load a " +"C API provided via a Capsule, but only if the Capsule's name matches this " +"convention. This behavior gives C API users a high degree of certainty that" +" the Capsule they load contains the correct C API." +msgstr "" +"便利函数 :c:func:`PyCapsule_Import` 可以方便的载入通过Capsule提供的C " +"API，仅在Capsule的名字匹配时。这个行为为C API用户提供了高度的确定性来载入正确的C API。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"The following example demonstrates an approach that puts most of the burden " +"on the writer of the exporting module, which is appropriate for commonly " +"used library modules. It stores all C API pointers (just one in the " +"example!) in an array of :c:expr:`void` pointers which becomes the value of " +"a Capsule. The header file corresponding to the module provides a macro that" +" takes care of importing the module and retrieving its C API pointers; " +"client modules only have to call this macro before accessing the C API." +msgstr "" +"下面的例子演示了一种将大部分负担交给导出模块编写者的处理方式，这对于常用的库模块来说是合适的。 它会将所有 C API " +"指针（在这个例子里只有一个！）储存到一个 :c:expr:`void` 指针数组，它将成为一个 Capsule 的值。 " +"与模块对应的头文件提供了一个宏用来管理导入模块和获取其 C API 指针；客户端模块只需要在访问 C API 之前调用这个宏即可。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1222 +msgid "" +"The exporting module is a modification of the :mod:`!spam` module from " +"section :ref:`extending-simpleexample`. The function :func:`!spam.system` " +"does not call the C library function :c:func:`system` directly, but a " +"function :c:func:`!PySpam_System`, which would of course do something more " +"complicated in reality (such as adding \"spam\" to every command). This " +"function :c:func:`!PySpam_System` is also exported to other extension " +"modules." +msgstr "" +"导出模块是对 :ref:`extending-simpleexample` 部分的 :mod:`!spam` 模块的修改。 函数 " +":func:`!spam.system` 并不直接调用 C 库函数 :c:func:`system`，而是调用一个函数 " +":c:func:`!PySpam_System`，这个函数在现实中当然会做一些更复杂的事情（比如在每条命令中添加“sapm”）。 该函数 " +":c:func:`!PySpam_System` 也会导出给其他扩展模块。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"The function :c:func:`!PySpam_System` is a plain C function, declared " +"``static`` like everything else::" +msgstr "函数 :c:func:`!PySpam_System` 是一个纯 C 函数，像其他函数一样声明为 ``static``::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"PySpam_System(const char *command)\n" +"{\n" +" return system(command);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"PySpam_System(const char *command)\n" +"{\n" +" return system(command);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1238 +msgid "The function :c:func:`!spam_system` is modified in a trivial way::" +msgstr "函数 :c:func:`!spam_system` 已按如下方式修改::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" const char *command;\n" +" int sts;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" sts = PySpam_System(command);\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(sts);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" const char *command;\n" +" int sts;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"s\", &command))\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" sts = PySpam_System(command);\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(sts);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1252 +msgid "In the beginning of the module, right after the line ::" +msgstr "在模块开头，在此行后::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1254 +msgid "#include " +msgstr "#include " + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1256 +msgid "two more lines must be added::" +msgstr "添加另外两行::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1258 +msgid "" +"#define SPAM_MODULE\n" +"#include \"spammodule.h\"" +msgstr "" +"#define SPAM_MODULE\n" +"#include \"spammodule.h\"" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"The ``#define`` is used to tell the header file that it is being included in" +" the exporting module, not a client module. Finally, the module's " +"initialization function must take care of initializing the C API pointer " +"array::" +msgstr "``#define`` 用于告知头文件需要包含给导出的模块，而不是客户端模块。最终，模块的初始化函数必须负责初始化C API指针数组::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" static void *PySpam_API[PySpam_API_pointers];\n" +" PyObject *c_api_object;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&spammodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" /* Initialize the C API pointer array */\n" +" PySpam_API[PySpam_System_NUM] = (void *)PySpam_System;\n" +"\n" +" /* Create a Capsule containing the API pointer array's address */\n" +" c_api_object = PyCapsule_New((void *)PySpam_API, \"spam._C_API\", NULL);\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_Add(m, \"_C_API\", c_api_object) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" static void *PySpam_API[PySpam_API_pointers];\n" +" PyObject *c_api_object;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&spammodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" /* 初始化 C API 指针数组 */\n" +" PySpam_API[PySpam_System_NUM] = (void *)PySpam_System;\n" +"\n" +" /* 创建包含 API 指针数组的地址的 Capsule */\n" +" c_api_object = PyCapsule_New((void *)PySpam_API, \"spam._C_API\", NULL);\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_Add(m, \"_C_API\", c_api_object) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1290 +msgid "" +"Note that ``PySpam_API`` is declared ``static``; otherwise the pointer array" +" would disappear when :c:func:`!PyInit_spam` terminates!" +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``PySpam_API`` 被声明为 ``static``；否则指针数组会在 :c:func:`!PyInit_spam` 终结时消失！" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1293 +msgid "" +"The bulk of the work is in the header file :file:`spammodule.h`, which looks" +" like this::" +msgstr "头文件 :file:`spammodule.h` 里的一堆工作，看起来如下所示::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"#ifndef Py_SPAMMODULE_H\n" +"#define Py_SPAMMODULE_H\n" +"#ifdef __cplusplus\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +"#endif\n" +"\n" +"/* Header file for spammodule */\n" +"\n" +"/* C API functions */\n" +"#define PySpam_System_NUM 0\n" +"#define PySpam_System_RETURN int\n" +"#define PySpam_System_PROTO (const char *command)\n" +"\n" +"/* Total number of C API pointers */\n" +"#define PySpam_API_pointers 1\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"#ifdef SPAM_MODULE\n" +"/* This section is used when compiling spammodule.c */\n" +"\n" +"static PySpam_System_RETURN PySpam_System PySpam_System_PROTO;\n" +"\n" +"#else\n" +"/* This section is used in modules that use spammodule's API */\n" +"\n" +"static void **PySpam_API;\n" +"\n" +"#define PySpam_System \\\n" +" (*(PySpam_System_RETURN (*)PySpam_System_PROTO) PySpam_API[PySpam_System_NUM])\n" +"\n" +"/* Return -1 on error, 0 on success.\n" +" * PyCapsule_Import will set an exception if there's an error.\n" +" */\n" +"static int\n" +"import_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PySpam_API = (void **)PyCapsule_Import(\"spam._C_API\", 0);\n" +" return (PySpam_API != NULL) ? 0 : -1;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#endif\n" +"\n" +"#ifdef __cplusplus\n" +"}\n" +"#endif\n" +"\n" +"#endif /* !defined(Py_SPAMMODULE_H) */" +msgstr "" +"#ifndef Py_SPAMMODULE_H\n" +"#define Py_SPAMMODULE_H\n" +"#ifdef __cplusplus\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +"#endif\n" +"\n" +"/* 用于 spammodule 的头文件 */\n" +"\n" +"/* C API 函数 */\n" +"#define PySpam_System_NUM 0\n" +"#define PySpam_System_RETURN int\n" +"#define PySpam_System_PROTO (const char *command)\n" +"\n" +"/* C API 指针的总数 */\n" +"#define PySpam_API_pointers 1\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"#ifdef SPAM_MODULE\n" +"/* 该节将在编译 spammodule.c 时使用 */\n" +"\n" +"static PySpam_System_RETURN PySpam_System PySpam_System_PROTO;\n" +"\n" +"#else\n" +"/* 该节将在使用 spammodule 的 API 的模块中使用 */\n" +"\n" +"static void **PySpam_API;\n" +"\n" +"#define PySpam_System \\\n" +" (*(PySpam_System_RETURN (*)PySpam_System_PROTO) PySpam_API[PySpam_System_NUM])\n" +"\n" +"/* 出错时返回 -1，成功时返回 0。\n" +" * 如果有异常 PyCapsule_Import 将设置一个异常。\n" +" */\n" +"static int\n" +"import_spam(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PySpam_API = (void **)PyCapsule_Import(\"spam._C_API\", 0);\n" +" return (PySpam_API != NULL) ? 0 : -1;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#endif\n" +"\n" +"#ifdef __cplusplus\n" +"}\n" +"#endif\n" +"\n" +"#endif /* !defined(Py_SPAMMODULE_H) */" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1344 +msgid "" +"All that a client module must do in order to have access to the function " +":c:func:`!PySpam_System` is to call the function (or rather macro) " +":c:func:`!import_spam` in its initialization function::" +msgstr "" +"客户端模块要能够访问函数 :c:func:`!PySpam_System` 所必须做的事情就是在其初始化函数中调用函数 (实际上是宏) " +":c:func:`!import_spam`::" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_client(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&clientmodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" if (import_spam() < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" /* additional initialization can happen here */\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_client(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&clientmodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" if (import_spam() < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" /* 额外的初始化可在此进行 */\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"The main disadvantage of this approach is that the file :file:`spammodule.h`" +" is rather complicated. However, the basic structure is the same for each " +"function that is exported, so it has to be learned only once." +msgstr "" +"这种方法的主要缺点是，文件 :file:`spammodule.h` 过于复杂。当然，对每个要导出的函数，基本结构是相似的，所以只需要学习一次。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"Finally it should be mentioned that Capsules offer additional functionality," +" which is especially useful for memory allocation and deallocation of the " +"pointer stored in a Capsule. The details are described in the Python/C API " +"Reference Manual in the section :ref:`capsules` and in the implementation of" +" Capsules (files :file:`Include/pycapsule.h` and :file:`Objects/pycapsule.c`" +" in the Python source code distribution)." +msgstr "" +"最后需要提醒的是Capsule提供了额外的功能，用于存储在Capsule里的指针的内存分配和释放。细节参考 Python/C API参考手册的章节 " +":ref:`capsules` 和Capsule的实现(在Python源码发行包的 :file:`Include/pycapsule.h` 和 " +":file:`Objects/pycapsule.c` )。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1374 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1375 +msgid "" +"An interface for this function already exists in the standard module " +":mod:`os` --- it was chosen as a simple and straightforward example." +msgstr "这个函数的接口已经在标准模块 :mod:`os` 里了，这里作为一个简单而直接的例子。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1378 +msgid "" +"The metaphor of \"borrowing\" a reference is not completely correct: the " +"owner still has a copy of the reference." +msgstr "术语\"借用\"一个引用是不完全正确的：拥有者仍然有引用的拷贝。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"Checking that the reference count is at least 1 **does not work** --- the " +"reference count itself could be in freed memory and may thus be reused for " +"another object!" +msgstr "检查引用计数至少为1 **没有用** ，引用计数本身可以在已经释放的内存里，并有可能被其他对象所用。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"These guarantees don't hold when you use the \"old\" style calling " +"convention --- this is still found in much existing code." +msgstr "当你使用 \"旧式\" 风格调用约定时，这些保证不成立，尽管这依旧存在于很多旧代码中。" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:550 +msgid "PyObject_CallObject (C function)" +msgstr "PyObject_CallObject (C 函数)" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:641 +msgid "PyArg_ParseTuple (C function)" +msgstr "PyArg_ParseTuple (C 函数)" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:733 +msgid "PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords (C function)" +msgstr "PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords (C 函数)" + +#: ../../extending/extending.rst:754 +msgid "Philbrick, Geoff" +msgstr "Philbrick, Geoff" diff --git a/extending/index.po b/extending/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d003e243d --- /dev/null +++ b/extending/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:5 +msgid "Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter" +msgstr "扩展和嵌入 Python 解释器" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:7 +msgid "" +"This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the " +"Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can not only define new " +"functions but also new object types and their methods. The document also " +"describes how to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for " +"use as an extension language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link " +"extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into " +"the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature." +msgstr "" +"本文档描述了如何使用 C 或 C++ 编写模块以使用新模块来扩展 Python 解释器的功能。 " +"这些模块不仅可以定义新的函数，还可以定义新的对象类型及其方法。 该文档还描述了如何将 Python 解释器嵌入到另一个应用程序中，以用作扩展语言。 " +"最后，它展示了如何编译和链接扩展模块，以便它们可以动态地（在运行时）加载到解释器中，如果底层操作系统支持此特性的话。" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This document assumes basic knowledge about Python. For an informal " +"introduction to the language, see :ref:`tutorial-index`. :ref:`reference-" +"index` gives a more formal definition of the language. :ref:`library-index`" +" documents the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in " +"and written in Python) that give the language its wide application range." +msgstr "" +"本文档假设你具备有关 Python 的基本知识。有关该语言的非正式介绍，请参阅 :ref:`tutorial-index` 。 " +":ref:`reference-index` 给出了更正式的语言定义。 :ref:`library-index` " +"包含现有的对象类型、函数和模块（内置和用 Python 编写）的文档，使语言具有广泛的应用范围。" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:21 +msgid "" +"For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate " +":ref:`c-api-index`." +msgstr "关于整个 Python/C API 的详细介绍，请参阅独立的 :ref:`c-api-index` 。" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:26 +msgid "Recommended third party tools" +msgstr "推荐的第三方工具" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:28 +msgid "" +"This guide only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided as " +"part of this version of CPython. Third party tools like `Cython " +"`_, `cffi `_, `SWIG " +"`_ and `Numba `_ offer both" +" simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions " +"for Python." +msgstr "" +"本指南仅介绍了作为此 CPython 版本的一部分提供的创建扩展的基本工具。 第三方工具如 `Cython " +"`_, `cffi `_, `SWIG " +"`_ 和 `Numba `_ " +"提供了更简单或更复杂的方式来为 Python 创建 C 和 C++ 扩展。" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:37 +msgid "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions " +"`_" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The Python Packaging User Guide not only covers several available tools that" +" simplify the creation of binary extensions, but also discusses the various " +"reasons why creating an extension module may be desirable in the first " +"place." +msgstr "" +"“ Python Packaging User Guide ”不仅涵盖了几个简化二进制扩展创建的可用工具，还讨论了为什么首先创建扩展模块的各种原因。" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:45 +msgid "Creating extensions without third party tools" +msgstr "不使用第三方工具创建扩展" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This section of the guide covers creating C and C++ extensions without " +"assistance from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators of " +"those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own C " +"extensions." +msgstr "" +"本指南的这一部分包括在没有第三方工具帮助的情况下创建 C 和 C ++ 扩展。它主要用于这些工具的创建者，而不是建议你创建自己的 C 扩展的方法。" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:63 +msgid "Embedding the CPython runtime in a larger application" +msgstr "在更大的应用程序中嵌入 CPython 运行时" + +#: ../../extending/index.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, rather than creating an extension that runs inside the Python " +"interpreter as the main application, it is desirable to instead embed the " +"CPython runtime inside a larger application. This section covers some of the" +" details involved in doing that successfully." +msgstr "" +"有时，不是要创建在 Python 解释器中作为主应用程序运行的扩展，而是希望将 CPython 运行时嵌入到更大的应用程序中。 " +"本节介绍了成功完成此操作所涉及的一些细节。" diff --git a/extending/newtypes.po b/extending/newtypes.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b923ca647 --- /dev/null +++ b/extending/newtypes.po @@ -0,0 +1,1366 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# Harry Liu. , 2021 +# Jiu Hong Jiang , 2021 +# Kevin Deng , 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# sgqy , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:7 +msgid "Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topics" +msgstr "定义扩展类型：已分类主题" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This section aims to give a quick fly-by on the various type methods you can" +" implement and what they do." +msgstr "本章节目标是提供一个各种你可以实现的类型方法及其功能的简短介绍。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Here is the definition of :c:type:`PyTypeObject`, with some fields only used" +" in :ref:`debug builds ` omitted:" +msgstr "" +"这是 C 类型 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的定义，省略了只用于 :ref:`调试构建 ` 的字段：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:17 +msgid "" +"typedef struct _typeobject {\n" +" PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" +" const char *tp_name; /* For printing, in format \".\" */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */\n" +"\n" +" /* Methods to implement standard operations */\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_dealloc;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_vectorcall_offset;\n" +" getattrfunc tp_getattr;\n" +" setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" +" PyAsyncMethods *tp_as_async; /* formerly known as tp_compare (Python 2)\n" +" or tp_reserved (Python 3) */\n" +" reprfunc tp_repr;\n" +"\n" +" /* Method suites for standard classes */\n" +"\n" +" PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" +" PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" +" PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;\n" +"\n" +" /* More standard operations (here for binary compatibility) */\n" +"\n" +" hashfunc tp_hash;\n" +" ternaryfunc tp_call;\n" +" reprfunc tp_str;\n" +" getattrofunc tp_getattro;\n" +" setattrofunc tp_setattro;\n" +"\n" +" /* Functions to access object as input/output buffer */\n" +" PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;\n" +"\n" +" /* Flags to define presence of optional/expanded features */\n" +" unsigned long tp_flags;\n" +"\n" +" const char *tp_doc; /* Documentation string */\n" +"\n" +" /* Assigned meaning in release 2.0 */\n" +" /* call function for all accessible objects */\n" +" traverseproc tp_traverse;\n" +"\n" +" /* delete references to contained objects */\n" +" inquiry tp_clear;\n" +"\n" +" /* Assigned meaning in release 2.1 */\n" +" /* rich comparisons */\n" +" richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;\n" +"\n" +" /* weak reference enabler */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;\n" +"\n" +" /* Iterators */\n" +" getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" +" iternextfunc tp_iternext;\n" +"\n" +" /* Attribute descriptor and subclassing stuff */\n" +" struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" +" struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" +" struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;\n" +" // Strong reference on a heap type, borrowed reference on a static type\n" +" struct _typeobject *tp_base;\n" +" PyObject *tp_dict;\n" +" descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;\n" +" descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;\n" +" initproc tp_init;\n" +" allocfunc tp_alloc;\n" +" newfunc tp_new;\n" +" freefunc tp_free; /* Low-level free-memory routine */\n" +" inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */\n" +" PyObject *tp_bases;\n" +" PyObject *tp_mro; /* method resolution order */\n" +" PyObject *tp_cache;\n" +" PyObject *tp_subclasses;\n" +" PyObject *tp_weaklist;\n" +" destructor tp_del;\n" +"\n" +" /* Type attribute cache version tag. Added in version 2.6 */\n" +" unsigned int tp_version_tag;\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_finalize;\n" +" vectorcallfunc tp_vectorcall;\n" +"\n" +" /* bitset of which type-watchers care about this type */\n" +" unsigned char tp_watched;\n" +"} PyTypeObject;\n" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct _typeobject {\n" +" PyObject_VAR_HEAD\n" +" const char *tp_name; /* 用于打印，格式为 \".\" */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* 用于分配 */\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于实现标准操作的方法 */\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_dealloc;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_vectorcall_offset;\n" +" getattrfunc tp_getattr;\n" +" setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" +" PyAsyncMethods *tp_as_async; /* 原名为 tp_compare (Python 2)\n" +" 或 tp_reserved (Python 3) */\n" +" reprfunc tp_repr;\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于标准类的方法集 */\n" +"\n" +" PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" +" PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" +" PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;\n" +"\n" +" /* 更多标准操作（这些用于二进制兼容） */\n" +"\n" +" hashfunc tp_hash;\n" +" ternaryfunc tp_call;\n" +" reprfunc tp_str;\n" +" getattrofunc tp_getattro;\n" +" setattrofunc tp_setattro;\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于以输入/输出缓冲区方式访问对象的函数 */\n" +" PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;\n" +"\n" +" /* 用于定义可选/扩展特性是否存在的旗标 */\n" +" unsigned long tp_flags;\n" +"\n" +" const char *tp_doc; /* 文档字符串 */\n" +"\n" +" /* 在 2.0 发布版中分配的含义 */\n" +" /* 为所有可访问的对象调用函数 */\n" +" traverseproc tp_traverse;\n" +"\n" +" /* 删除对所包含对象的引用 */\n" +" inquiry tp_clear;\n" +"\n" +" /* 在 2.1 发布版中分配的含义 */\n" +" /* 富比较操作 */\n" +" richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;\n" +"\n" +" /* 弱引用的启用 */\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;\n" +"\n" +" /* 迭代器 */\n" +" getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" +" iternextfunc tp_iternext;\n" +"\n" +" /* 属性描述器和子类化内容 */\n" +" struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" +" struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" +" struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;\n" +" // 堆类型的强引用，静态类型的借入引用\n" +" struct _typeobject *tp_base;\n" +" PyObject *tp_dict;\n" +" descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;\n" +" descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;\n" +" Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;\n" +" initproc tp_init;\n" +" allocfunc tp_alloc;\n" +" newfunc tp_new;\n" +" freefunc tp_free; /* 低层级的释放内存例程 */\n" +" inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */\n" +" PyObject *tp_bases;\n" +" PyObject *tp_mro; /* 方法解析顺序 */\n" +" PyObject *tp_cache;\n" +" PyObject *tp_subclasses;\n" +" PyObject *tp_weaklist;\n" +" destructor tp_del;\n" +"\n" +" /* 类型属性缓存版本标签。 在 2.6 版中添加 */\n" +" unsigned int tp_version_tag;\n" +"\n" +" destructor tp_finalize;\n" +" vectorcallfunc tp_vectorcall;\n" +"\n" +" /* 类型监视器针对此类型的位设置 */\n" +" unsigned char tp_watched;\n" +"} PyTypeObject;\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Now that's a *lot* of methods. Don't worry too much though -- if you have a" +" type you want to define, the chances are very good that you will only " +"implement a handful of these." +msgstr "这里有 *很多* 方法。但是不要太担心，如果你要定义一个类型，通常只需要实现少量的方法。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:24 +msgid "" +"As you probably expect by now, we're going to go over this and give more " +"information about the various handlers. We won't go in the order they are " +"defined in the structure, because there is a lot of historical baggage that " +"impacts the ordering of the fields. It's often easiest to find an example " +"that includes the fields you need and then change the values to suit your " +"new type. ::" +msgstr "" +"正如你猜到的一样，我们正要一步一步详细介绍各种处理程序。因为有大量的历史包袱影响字段的排序，所以我们不会根据它们在结构体里定义的顺序讲解。通常非常容易找到一个包含你需要的字段的例子，然后改变值去适应你新的类型。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:31 +msgid "const char *tp_name; /* For printing */" +msgstr "const char *tp_name; /* 用于打印 */" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The name of the type -- as mentioned in the previous chapter, this will " +"appear in various places, almost entirely for diagnostic purposes. Try to " +"choose something that will be helpful in such a situation! ::" +msgstr "类型的名字 - 上一章提到过的，会出现在很多地方，几乎全部都是为了诊断目的。尝试选择一个好名字，对于诊断很有帮助。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:37 +msgid "Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */" +msgstr "Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* 用于分配 */" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:39 +msgid "" +"These fields tell the runtime how much memory to allocate when new objects " +"of this type are created. Python has some built-in support for variable " +"length structures (think: strings, tuples) which is where the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` field comes in. This will be dealt " +"with later. ::" +msgstr "" +"这些字段告诉运行时在创造这个类型的新对象时需要分配多少内存。Python为了可变长度的结构（想下：字符串，元组）有些内置支持，这是 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` 字段存在的原由。这部分稍后解释。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:44 +msgid "const char *tp_doc;" +msgstr "const char *tp_doc;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Here you can put a string (or its address) that you want returned when the " +"Python script references ``obj.__doc__`` to retrieve the doc string." +msgstr "这里你可以放置一段字符串（或者它的地址），当你想在Python脚本引用 ``obj.__doc__`` 时返回这段文档字符串。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Now we come to the basic type methods -- the ones most extension types will " +"implement." +msgstr "现在我们来看一下基本类型方法 - 大多数扩展类型将实现的方法。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:54 +msgid "Finalization and De-allocation" +msgstr "终结和内存释放" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:64 +msgid "destructor tp_dealloc;" +msgstr "destructor tp_dealloc;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:66 +msgid "" +"This function is called when the reference count of the instance of your " +"type is reduced to zero and the Python interpreter wants to reclaim it. If " +"your type has memory to free or other clean-up to perform, you can put it " +"here. The object itself needs to be freed here as well. Here is an example" +" of this function::" +msgstr "" +"当您的类型实例的引用计数减少为零并且Python解释器想要回收它时，将调用此函数。如果你的类型有内存可供释放或执行其他清理，你可以把它放在这里。 " +"对象本身也需要在这里释放。 以下是此函数的示例：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:72 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"newdatatype_dealloc(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" free(obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr);\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_free((PyObject *)obj);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"newdatatype_dealloc(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" free(obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr);\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_free((PyObject *)obj);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:79 +msgid "" +"If your type supports garbage collection, the destructor should call " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` before clearing any member fields::" +msgstr "如果你的类型支持垃圾回收，则析构器应当在清理任何成员字段之前调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack`::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:82 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"newdatatype_dealloc(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(obj);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(obj->other_obj);\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_free((PyObject *)obj);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"newdatatype_dealloc(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(obj);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(obj->other_obj);\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_free((PyObject *)obj);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:95 +msgid "" +"One important requirement of the deallocator function is that it leaves any " +"pending exceptions alone. This is important since deallocators are " +"frequently called as the interpreter unwinds the Python stack; when the " +"stack is unwound due to an exception (rather than normal returns), nothing " +"is done to protect the deallocators from seeing that an exception has " +"already been set. Any actions which a deallocator performs which may cause " +"additional Python code to be executed may detect that an exception has been " +"set. This can lead to misleading errors from the interpreter. The proper " +"way to protect against this is to save a pending exception before performing" +" the unsafe action, and restoring it when done. This can be done using the " +":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` and :c:func:`PyErr_Restore` functions::" +msgstr "" +"一个重要的释放器函数实现要求是把所有未决异常放着不动。这很重要是因为释放器会被解释器频繁的调用，当栈异常退出时(而非正常返回)，不会有任何办法保护释放器看到一个异常尚未被设置。此事释放器的任何行为都会导致额外增加的Python代码来检查异常是否被设置。这可能导致解释器的误导性错误。正确的保护方法是，在任何不安全的操作前，保存未决异常，然后在其完成后恢复。者可以通过" +" :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` 和 :c:func:`PyErr_Restore` 函数来实现::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:107 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"my_dealloc(PyObject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" MyObject *self = (MyObject *) obj;\n" +" PyObject *cbresult;\n" +"\n" +" if (self->my_callback != NULL) {\n" +" PyObject *err_type, *err_value, *err_traceback;\n" +"\n" +" /* This saves the current exception state */\n" +" PyErr_Fetch(&err_type, &err_value, &err_traceback);\n" +"\n" +" cbresult = PyObject_CallNoArgs(self->my_callback);\n" +" if (cbresult == NULL)\n" +" PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self->my_callback);\n" +" else\n" +" Py_DECREF(cbresult);\n" +"\n" +" /* This restores the saved exception state */\n" +" PyErr_Restore(err_type, err_value, err_traceback);\n" +"\n" +" Py_DECREF(self->my_callback);\n" +" }\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_free((PyObject*)self);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"my_dealloc(PyObject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" MyObject *self = (MyObject *) obj;\n" +" PyObject *cbresult;\n" +"\n" +" if (self->my_callback != NULL) {\n" +" PyObject *err_type, *err_value, *err_traceback;\n" +"\n" +" /* 这里保存当前异常状态 */\n" +" PyErr_Fetch(&err_type, &err_value, &err_traceback);\n" +"\n" +" cbresult = PyObject_CallNoArgs(self->my_callback);\n" +" if (cbresult == NULL)\n" +" PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self->my_callback);\n" +" else\n" +" Py_DECREF(cbresult);\n" +"\n" +" /* 这里恢复被保存的异常状态 */\n" +" PyErr_Restore(err_type, err_value, err_traceback);\n" +"\n" +" Py_DECREF(self->my_callback);\n" +" }\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_free((PyObject*)self);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:134 +msgid "" +"There are limitations to what you can safely do in a deallocator function. " +"First, if your type supports garbage collection (using " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` and/or " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`), some of the object's members can have " +"been cleared or finalized by the time :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` " +"is called. Second, in :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`, your object is " +"in an unstable state: its reference count is equal to zero. Any call to a " +"non-trivial object or API (as in the example above) might end up calling " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` again, causing a double free and a " +"crash." +msgstr "" +"你能在释放器函数中安全执行的操作是有限的。 首先，如果你的类型支持垃圾回收 (使用 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 和/或 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`)，对象的部分成员可以在调用 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 时被清空或终结。 其次，在 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 中，你的对象将处于不稳定状态：它的引用计数等于零。 任何对非琐碎对象或 API" +" 的调用 (如上面的示例所做的) 最终都可能会再次调用 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`，导致双重释放并发生崩溃。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.4, it is recommended not to put any complex " +"finalization code in :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc`, and instead use " +"the new :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` type method." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.4 开始，推荐不要在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 放复杂的终结代码，而是使用新的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` 类型方法。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:148 +msgid ":pep:`442` explains the new finalization scheme." +msgstr ":pep:`442` 解释了新的终结方案。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:155 +msgid "Object Presentation" +msgstr "对象展示" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:157 +msgid "" +"In Python, there are two ways to generate a textual representation of an " +"object: the :func:`repr` function, and the :func:`str` function. (The " +":func:`print` function just calls :func:`str`.) These handlers are both " +"optional." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中，有两种方式可以生成对象的文本表示: :func:`repr` 函数和 :func:`str` 函数。 (:func:`print`" +" 函数会直接调用 :func:`str`。) 这些处理程序都是可选的。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:163 +msgid "" +"reprfunc tp_repr;\n" +"reprfunc tp_str;" +msgstr "" +"reprfunc tp_repr;\n" +"reprfunc tp_str;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:166 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler should return a string object " +"containing a representation of the instance for which it is called. Here is" +" a simple example::" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 处理程序应该返回一个字符串对象，其中包含调用它的实例的表示形式。 " +"下面是一个简单的例子::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:170 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_repr(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Repr-ified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" +" obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_repr(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Repr-ified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" +" obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:177 +msgid "" +"If no :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler is specified, the " +"interpreter will supply a representation that uses the type's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` and a uniquely identifying value for the " +"object." +msgstr "" +"如果没有指定 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 处理器，解释器将提供一个使用类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_name` 的表示形式以及对象的唯一标识值。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str` handler is to :func:`str` what the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler described above is to " +":func:`repr`; that is, it is called when Python code calls :func:`str` on an" +" instance of your object. Its implementation is very similar to the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` function, but the resulting string is " +"intended for human consumption. If :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str` is not " +"specified, the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` handler is used instead." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str` 处理器对于 :func:`str` 就如上述的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 处理器对于 :func:`repr` 一样；也就是说，它会在当 Python " +"代码在你的对象的某个实例上调用 :func:`str` 时被调用。 它的实现与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` " +"函数非常相似，但其结果字符串是供人类查看的。 如果未指定 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_str`，则会使用 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_repr` 处理器来代替。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:188 +msgid "Here is a simple example::" +msgstr "下面是一个简单的例子::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:190 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_str(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Stringified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" +" obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_str(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"Stringified_newdatatype{{size:%d}}\",\n" +" obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:200 +msgid "Attribute Management" +msgstr "属性管理" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:202 +msgid "" +"For every object which can support attributes, the corresponding type must " +"provide the functions that control how the attributes are resolved. There " +"needs to be a function which can retrieve attributes (if any are defined), " +"and another to set attributes (if setting attributes is allowed). Removing " +"an attribute is a special case, for which the new value passed to the " +"handler is ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"对于每个可支持属性操作的对象，相应的类型必须提供用于控制属性获取方式的函数。 " +"需要有一个能够检索属性的函数（如果定义了任何属性）还要有另一个函数负责设置属性（如果允许设置属性）。 " +"移除属性是一种特殊情况，在此情况下要传给处理器的新值为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Python supports two pairs of attribute handlers; a type that supports " +"attributes only needs to implement the functions for one pair. The " +"difference is that one pair takes the name of the attribute as a " +":c:expr:`char\\*`, while the other accepts a :c:expr:`PyObject*`. Each type" +" can use whichever pair makes more sense for the implementation's " +"convenience. ::" +msgstr "" +"Python 支持两对属性处理器；一个支持属性操作的类型只需要实现其中一对的函数。 两者的差别在于一对接受 :c:expr:`char\\*` " +"作为属性名称，而另一对则接受 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。 每种类型都可以选择使用对于实现的便利性来说更有意义的那一对。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:214 +msgid "" +"getattrfunc tp_getattr; /* char * version */\n" +"setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" +"/* ... */\n" +"getattrofunc tp_getattro; /* PyObject * version */\n" +"setattrofunc tp_setattro;" +msgstr "" +"getattrfunc tp_getattr; /* char * 版本 */\n" +"setattrfunc tp_setattr;\n" +"/* ... */\n" +"getattrofunc tp_getattro; /* PyObject * 版本 */\n" +"setattrofunc tp_setattro;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:220 +msgid "" +"If accessing attributes of an object is always a simple operation (this will" +" be explained shortly), there are generic implementations which can be used " +"to provide the :c:expr:`PyObject*` version of the attribute management " +"functions. The actual need for type-specific attribute handlers almost " +"completely disappeared starting with Python 2.2, though there are many " +"examples which have not been updated to use some of the new generic " +"mechanism that is available." +msgstr "" +"如果访问一个对象的属性总是为简单操作（这将在下文进行解释），则有一些泛用实现可被用来提供 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 版本的属性管理函数。 " +"从 Python 2.2 开始对于类型专属的属性处理器的实际需要几乎已完全消失，尽管还存在着许多尚未理新为使用某种新的可选泛用机制的例子。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:231 +msgid "Generic Attribute Management" +msgstr "泛型属性管理" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Most extension types only use *simple* attributes. So, what makes the " +"attributes simple? There are only a couple of conditions that must be met:" +msgstr "大多数扩展类型只使用 **简单** 属性，那么，是什么让属性变得“简单”呢？只需要满足下面几个条件：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:236 +msgid "" +"The name of the attributes must be known when :c:func:`PyType_Ready` is " +"called." +msgstr "当调用 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 时，必须知道属性的名称。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:239 +msgid "" +"No special processing is needed to record that an attribute was looked up or" +" set, nor do actions need to be taken based on the value." +msgstr "不需要特殊的处理来记录属性是否被查找或设置，也不需要根据值采取操作。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:242 +msgid "" +"Note that this list does not place any restrictions on the values of the " +"attributes, when the values are computed, or how relevant data is stored." +msgstr "请注意，此列表不对属性的值、值的计算时间或相关数据的存储方式施加任何限制。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:245 +msgid "" +"When :c:func:`PyType_Ready` is called, it uses three tables referenced by " +"the type object to create :term:`descriptor`\\s which are placed in the " +"dictionary of the type object. Each descriptor controls access to one " +"attribute of the instance object. Each of the tables is optional; if all " +"three are ``NULL``, instances of the type will only have attributes that are" +" inherited from their base type, and should leave the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` fields ``NULL`` as well, allowing the " +"base type to handle attributes." +msgstr "" +"当 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 被调用时，它会使用由类型对象所引用的三个表来创建要放置到类型对象的字典中的 " +":term:`descriptor`。 每个描述器控制对实例对象的一个属性的访问。 每个表都是可选的；如果三个表全都为 " +"``NULL``，则该类型的实例将只有从它们的基础类型继承来的属性，并且还应当让 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattro` 字段保持为 ``NULL``，以允许由基础类型处理这些属性。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:253 +msgid "The tables are declared as three fields of the type object::" +msgstr "表被声明为object::类型的三个字段::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:255 +msgid "" +"struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" +"struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" +"struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;" +msgstr "" +"struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;\n" +"struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;\n" +"struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:259 +msgid "" +"If :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` is not ``NULL``, it must refer to an" +" array of :c:type:`PyMethodDef` structures. Each entry in the table is an " +"instance of this structure::" +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` 不为 ``NULL``，则它必须指向一个由 " +":c:type:`PyMethodDef` 结构体组成的数组。 表中的每个条目都是该结构体的一个实例::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:263 +msgid "" +"typedef struct PyMethodDef {\n" +" const char *ml_name; /* method name */\n" +" PyCFunction ml_meth; /* implementation function */\n" +" int ml_flags; /* flags */\n" +" const char *ml_doc; /* docstring */\n" +"} PyMethodDef;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct PyMethodDef {\n" +" const char *ml_name; /* 方法名称 */\n" +" PyCFunction ml_meth; /* 实现函数 */\n" +" int ml_flags; /* 旗标 */\n" +" const char *ml_doc; /* 文档字符串 */\n" +"} PyMethodDef;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:270 +msgid "" +"One entry should be defined for each method provided by the type; no entries" +" are needed for methods inherited from a base type. One additional entry is" +" needed at the end; it is a sentinel that marks the end of the array. The " +":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` field of the sentinel must be ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"应当为该类型所提供的每个方法都应定义一个条目；从基类型继承来的方法无需定义条目。 还需要在末尾加一个额外的条目；它是一个标记数组结束的哨兵条目。 " +"该哨兵条目的 :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` 字段必须为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:275 +msgid "" +"The second table is used to define attributes which map directly to data " +"stored in the instance. A variety of primitive C types are supported, and " +"access may be read-only or read-write. The structures in the table are " +"defined as::" +msgstr "第二个表被用来定义要直接映射到实例中的数据的属性。 各种原始 C 类型均受到支持，并且访问方式可以为只读或读写。 表中的结构体被定义为::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:279 +msgid "" +"typedef struct PyMemberDef {\n" +" const char *name;\n" +" int type;\n" +" int offset;\n" +" int flags;\n" +" const char *doc;\n" +"} PyMemberDef;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct PyMemberDef {\n" +" const char *name;\n" +" int type;\n" +" int offset;\n" +" int flags;\n" +" const char *doc;\n" +"} PyMemberDef;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:287 +msgid "" +"For each entry in the table, a :term:`descriptor` will be constructed and " +"added to the type which will be able to extract a value from the instance " +"structure. The :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.type` field should contain a type " +"code like :c:macro:`Py_T_INT` or :c:macro:`Py_T_DOUBLE`; the value will be " +"used to determine how to convert Python values to and from C values. The " +":c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` field is used to store flags which control " +"how the attribute can be accessed: you can set it to :c:macro:`Py_READONLY` " +"to prevent Python code from setting it." +msgstr "" +"对于表中的每个条目，都将构建一个 :term:`descriptor` 并添加到类型中使其能够从实例结构体中提取值。 " +":c:member:`~PyMemberDef.type` 字段应包含一个类型代码如 :c:macro:`Py_T_INT` 或 " +":c:macro:`Py_T_DOUBLE`；该值将用于确定如何将 Python 值转换为 C 值或反之。 " +":c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` 字段用于保存控制属性要如何被访问的旗标：你可以将其设为 " +":c:macro:`Py_READONLY` 以防止 Python 代码设置它。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:295 +msgid "" +"An interesting advantage of using the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` " +"table to build descriptors that are used at runtime is that any attribute " +"defined this way can have an associated doc string simply by providing the " +"text in the table. An application can use the introspection API to retrieve" +" the descriptor from the class object, and get the doc string using its " +":attr:`~type.__doc__` attribute." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` " +"表来构建用于运行时的描述器还有一个有趣的优点是任何以这种方式定义的属性都可以简单地通过在表中提供文本来设置一个相关联的文档字符串。 " +"一个应用程序可以使用自省 API 从类对象获取描述器，并使用其 :attr:`~type.__doc__` 属性来获取文档字符串。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:301 +msgid "" +"As with the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` table, a sentinel entry " +"with a :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` value of ``NULL`` is required." +msgstr "" +"与 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` 表一样，需要有一个值为 ``NULL`` 的 " +":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_name` 哨兵条目。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:315 +msgid "Type-specific Attribute Management" +msgstr "类型专属的属性管理" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:317 +msgid "" +"For simplicity, only the :c:expr:`char\\*` version will be demonstrated " +"here; the type of the name parameter is the only difference between the " +":c:expr:`char\\*` and :c:expr:`PyObject*` flavors of the interface. This " +"example effectively does the same thing as the generic example above, but " +"does not use the generic support added in Python 2.2. It explains how the " +"handler functions are called, so that if you do need to extend their " +"functionality, you'll understand what needs to be done." +msgstr "" +"为了简单起见，这里只演示 :c:expr:`char\\*` 版本； name 形参的类型是 :c:expr:`char\\*` 和 " +":c:expr:`PyObject*` 风格接口之间的唯一区别。 这个示例实际上做了与上面的泛用示例相同的事情，但没有使用在 Python 2.2 " +"中增加的泛用支持。 它解释了处理器函数是如何被调用的，因此如果你确实需要扩展它们的功能，你就会明白有什么是需要做的。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:325 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` handler is called when the object " +"requires an attribute look-up. It is called in the same situations where " +"the :meth:`~object.__getattr__` method of a class would be called." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattr` 处理器会在对象需要进行属性查找时被调用。 它被调用的场合与一个类的 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 方法要被调用的场合相同。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:329 +msgid "Here is an example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:331 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_getattr(newdatatypeobject *obj, char *name)\n" +"{\n" +" if (strcmp(name, \"data\") == 0)\n" +" {\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(obj->data);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,\n" +" \"'%.100s' object has no attribute '%.400s'\",\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, name);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_getattr(newdatatypeobject *obj, char *name)\n" +"{\n" +" if (strcmp(name, \"data\") == 0)\n" +" {\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(obj->data);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,\n" +" \"'%.100s' object has no attribute '%.400s'\",\n" +" Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, name);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` handler is called when the " +":meth:`~object.__setattr__` or :meth:`~object.__delattr__` method of a class" +" instance would be called. When an attribute should be deleted, the third " +"parameter will be ``NULL``. Here is an example that simply raises an " +"exception; if this were really all you wanted, the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` handler should be set to ``NULL``. ::" +msgstr "" +"当调用类实例的 :meth:`~object.__setattr__` 或 :meth:`~object.__delattr__` 方法时会调用 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` 处理器。 当需要删除一个属性时，第三个形参将为 ``NULL``。 " +"下面是一个简单地引发异常的例子；如果这确实是你想要的，则 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_setattr` 处理器应当被设为 " +"``NULL``。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:351 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"newdatatype_setattr(newdatatypeobject *obj, char *name, PyObject *v)\n" +"{\n" +" PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, \"Read-only attribute: %s\", name);\n" +" return -1;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"newdatatype_setattr(newdatatypeobject *obj, char *name, PyObject *v)\n" +"{\n" +" PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, \"Read-only attribute: %s\", name);\n" +" return -1;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:359 +msgid "Object Comparison" +msgstr "对象比较" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:363 +msgid "richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;" +msgstr "richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:365 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` handler is called when " +"comparisons are needed. It is analogous to the :ref:`rich comparison " +"methods `, like :meth:`!__lt__`, and also called by " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare` and :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool`." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_richcompare` 处理器会在需要进行比较时被调用。 它类似于 :ref:`富比较方法 " +"`，例如 :meth:`!__lt__`，并会被 :c:func:`PyObject_RichCompare` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool` 调用。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:370 +msgid "" +"This function is called with two Python objects and the operator as " +"arguments, where the operator is one of ``Py_EQ``, ``Py_NE``, ``Py_LE``, " +"``Py_GE``, ``Py_LT`` or ``Py_GT``. It should compare the two objects with " +"respect to the specified operator and return ``Py_True`` or ``Py_False`` if " +"the comparison is successful, ``Py_NotImplemented`` to indicate that " +"comparison is not implemented and the other object's comparison method " +"should be tried, or ``NULL`` if an exception was set." +msgstr "" +"此函数被调用时将传入两个 Python 对象和运算符作为参数，其中运算符为 ``Py_EQ``, ``Py_NE``, ``Py_LE``, " +"``Py_GE``, ``Py_LT`` 或 ``Py_GT`` 之一。 它应当使用指定的运算符来比较两个对象并在比较操作成功时返回 " +"``Py_True`` 或 ``Py_False``，如果比较操作未被实现并应尝试其他对象比较方法时则返回 " +"``Py_NotImplemented``，或者如果设置了异常则返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Here is a sample implementation, for a datatype that is considered equal if " +"the size of an internal pointer is equal::" +msgstr "下面是一个示例实现，该数据类型如果内部指针的大小相等就认为是相等的::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:381 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_richcmp(newdatatypeobject *obj1, newdatatypeobject *obj2, int op)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *result;\n" +" int c, size1, size2;\n" +"\n" +" /* code to make sure that both arguments are of type\n" +" newdatatype omitted */\n" +"\n" +" size1 = obj1->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size;\n" +" size2 = obj2->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size;\n" +"\n" +" switch (op) {\n" +" case Py_LT: c = size1 < size2; break;\n" +" case Py_LE: c = size1 <= size2; break;\n" +" case Py_EQ: c = size1 == size2; break;\n" +" case Py_NE: c = size1 != size2; break;\n" +" case Py_GT: c = size1 > size2; break;\n" +" case Py_GE: c = size1 >= size2; break;\n" +" }\n" +" result = c ? Py_True : Py_False;\n" +" Py_INCREF(result);\n" +" return result;\n" +" }" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_richcmp(newdatatypeobject *obj1, newdatatypeobject *obj2, int op)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *result;\n" +" int c, size1, size2;\n" +"\n" +" /* 省略了确保两个参数均为 newdatatype 类型的代码 */\n" +"\n" +" size1 = obj1->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size;\n" +" size2 = obj2->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size;\n" +"\n" +" switch (op) {\n" +" case Py_LT: c = size1 < size2; break;\n" +" case Py_LE: c = size1 <= size2; break;\n" +" case Py_EQ: c = size1 == size2; break;\n" +" case Py_NE: c = size1 != size2; break;\n" +" case Py_GT: c = size1 > size2; break;\n" +" case Py_GE: c = size1 >= size2; break;\n" +" }\n" +" result = c ? Py_True : Py_False;\n" +" Py_INCREF(result);\n" +" return result;\n" +" }" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:408 +msgid "Abstract Protocol Support" +msgstr "抽象协议支持" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:410 +msgid "" +"Python supports a variety of *abstract* 'protocols;' the specific interfaces" +" provided to use these interfaces are documented in :ref:`abstract`." +msgstr "Python 支持多种 *抽象* '协议'；被提供来使用这些接口的专门接口说明请在 :ref:`abstract` 中查看。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:414 +msgid "" +"A number of these abstract interfaces were defined early in the development " +"of the Python implementation. In particular, the number, mapping, and " +"sequence protocols have been part of Python since the beginning. Other " +"protocols have been added over time. For protocols which depend on several " +"handler routines from the type implementation, the older protocols have been" +" defined as optional blocks of handlers referenced by the type object. For " +"newer protocols there are additional slots in the main type object, with a " +"flag bit being set to indicate that the slots are present and should be " +"checked by the interpreter. (The flag bit does not indicate that the slot " +"values are non-``NULL``. The flag may be set to indicate the presence of a " +"slot, but a slot may still be unfilled.) ::" +msgstr "" +"这些抽象接口很多都是在 Python 实现开发的早期被定义的。 特别地，数字、映射和序列协议从一开始就已经是 Python 的组成部分。 " +"其他协议则是后来添加的。 对于依赖某些来自类型实现的处理器例程的协议来说，较旧的协议被定义为类型对象所引用的处理器的可选块。 " +"对于较新的协议来说在主类型对象中还有额外的槽位，并带有一个预设旗标位来指明存在该槽位并应当由解释器来检查。 （此旗标位并不会指明槽位值非 " +"``NULL`` 的情况，可以设置该旗标来指明一个槽位的存在，但此本位仍可能保持未填充的状态。） ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:425 +msgid "" +"PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" +"PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" +"PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;" +msgstr "" +"PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;\n" +"PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;\n" +"PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:429 +msgid "" +"If you wish your object to be able to act like a number, a sequence, or a " +"mapping object, then you place the address of a structure that implements " +"the C type :c:type:`PyNumberMethods`, :c:type:`PySequenceMethods`, or " +":c:type:`PyMappingMethods`, respectively. It is up to you to fill in this " +"structure with appropriate values. You can find examples of the use of each " +"of these in the :file:`Objects` directory of the Python source distribution." +" ::" +msgstr "" +"如果你希望你的对象的行为类似一个数字、序列或映射对象，那么你就要分别放置一个实现了 C 类型 :c:type:`PyNumberMethods`, " +":c:type:`PySequenceMethods` 或 :c:type:`PyMappingMethods`, 的结构体的地址。 " +"你要负责将适当的值填入这些结构体。 你可以在 Python 源代码发布版的 :file:`Objects` 目录中找到这些对象各自的用法示例。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:436 +msgid "hashfunc tp_hash;" +msgstr "hashfunc tp_hash;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:438 +msgid "" +"This function, if you choose to provide it, should return a hash number for " +"an instance of your data type. Here is a simple example::" +msgstr "如果你选择提供此函数，则它应当为你的数据类型的实例返回一个哈希数值。 下面是一个简单的示例::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:441 +msgid "" +"static Py_hash_t\n" +"newdatatype_hash(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_hash_t result;\n" +" result = obj->some_size + 32767 * obj->some_number;\n" +" if (result == -1)\n" +" result = -2;\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static Py_hash_t\n" +"newdatatype_hash(newdatatypeobject *obj)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_hash_t result;\n" +" result = obj->some_size + 32767 * obj->some_number;\n" +" if (result == -1)\n" +" result = -2;\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:451 +msgid "" +":c:type:`Py_hash_t` is a signed integer type with a platform-varying width. " +"Returning ``-1`` from :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash` indicates an error, " +"which is why you should be careful to avoid returning it when hash " +"computation is successful, as seen above." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_hash_t` 是一个在宽度取决于具体平台的有符号整数类型。 从 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_hash` 返回 ``-1`` " +"表示发生了错误，这就是为什么你应当注意避免在哈希运算成功时返回它，如上面所演示的。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:458 +msgid "ternaryfunc tp_call;" +msgstr "ternaryfunc tp_call;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:460 +msgid "" +"This function is called when an instance of your data type is \"called\", " +"for example, if ``obj1`` is an instance of your data type and the Python " +"script contains ``obj1('hello')``, the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` " +"handler is invoked." +msgstr "" +"此函数会在“调用”你的数据类型实例时被调用，举例来说，如果 ``obj1`` 是你的数据类型的实例而 Python 脚本包含了 " +"``obj1('hello')``，则将唤起 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 处理器。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:464 +msgid "This function takes three arguments:" +msgstr "此函数接受三个参数:" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:466 +msgid "" +"*self* is the instance of the data type which is the subject of the call. If" +" the call is ``obj1('hello')``, then *self* is ``obj1``." +msgstr "*self* 是作为调用目标的数据类型实例。 如果调用是 ``obj1('hello')``，则 *self* 为 ``obj1``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:469 +msgid "" +"*args* is a tuple containing the arguments to the call. You can use " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` to extract the arguments." +msgstr "*args* 是包含调用参数的元组。 你可以使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 来提取参数。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:472 +msgid "" +"*kwds* is a dictionary of keyword arguments that were passed. If this is " +"non-``NULL`` and you support keyword arguments, use " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` to extract the arguments. If you do " +"not want to support keyword arguments and this is non-``NULL``, raise a " +":exc:`TypeError` with a message saying that keyword arguments are not " +"supported." +msgstr "" +"*kwds* 是由传入的关键字参数组成的字典。 如果它不为 ``NULL`` 且你支持关键字参数，则可使用 " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 来提取参数。 如果你不想支持关键字参数而它为非 ``NULL`` " +"值，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 并附带一个提示不支持关键字参数的消息。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:478 +msgid "Here is a toy ``tp_call`` implementation::" +msgstr "下面是一个演示性的 ``tp_call`` 实现::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:480 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_call(newdatatypeobject *obj, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *result;\n" +" const char *arg1;\n" +" const char *arg2;\n" +" const char *arg3;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"sss:call\", &arg1, &arg2, &arg3)) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(\n" +" \"Returning -- value: [%d] arg1: [%s] arg2: [%s] arg3: [%s]\\n\",\n" +" obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size,\n" +" arg1, arg2, arg3);\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"newdatatype_call(newdatatypeobject *obj, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *result;\n" +" const char *arg1;\n" +" const char *arg2;\n" +" const char *arg3;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"sss:call\", &arg1, &arg2, &arg3)) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" result = PyUnicode_FromFormat(\n" +" \"Returning -- value: [%d] arg1: [%s] arg2: [%s] arg3: [%s]\\n\",\n" +" obj->obj_UnderlyingDatatypePtr->size,\n" +" arg1, arg2, arg3);\n" +" return result;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:500 +msgid "" +"/* Iterators */\n" +"getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" +"iternextfunc tp_iternext;" +msgstr "" +"/* Iterators */\n" +"getiterfunc tp_iter;\n" +"iternextfunc tp_iternext;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:504 +msgid "" +"These functions provide support for the iterator protocol. Both handlers " +"take exactly one parameter, the instance for which they are being called, " +"and return a new reference. In the case of an error, they should set an " +"exception and return ``NULL``. :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` " +"corresponds to the Python :meth:`~object.__iter__` method, while " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` corresponds to the Python " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` method." +msgstr "" +"这些函数提供了对迭代器协议的支持。 这两个处理器都只接受一个形参，即它们被调用时所使用的实例，并返回一个新的引用。 " +"当发生错误时，它们应设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` 对应于 Python " +":meth:`~object.__iter__` 方法，而 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` 对应于 " +"Python :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Any :term:`iterable` object must implement the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` handler, which must return an " +":term:`iterator` object. Here the same guidelines apply as for Python " +"classes:" +msgstr "" +"任何 :term:`iterable` 对象都必须实现 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` 处理器，该处理器必须返回一个" +" :term:`iterator` 对象。 下面是与 Python 类所应用的同一个指导原则:" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:515 +msgid "" +"For collections (such as lists and tuples) which can support multiple " +"independent iterators, a new iterator should be created and returned by each" +" call to :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter`." +msgstr "" +"对于可以支持多个独立迭代器的多项集（如列表和元组），则应当在每次调用 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` " +"时创建并返回一个新的迭代器。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Objects which can only be iterated over once (usually due to side effects of" +" iteration, such as file objects) can implement " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` by returning a new reference to themselves" +" -- and should also therefore implement the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` handler." +msgstr "" +"只能被迭代一次的对象（通常是由于迭代操作的附带影响，例如文件对象）可以通过返回一个指向自身的新引用来实现 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` -- 并且为此还应当实现 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` 处理器。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:523 +msgid "" +"Any :term:`iterator` object should implement both " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext`." +" An iterator's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` handler should return a " +"new reference to the iterator. Its :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` " +"handler should return a new reference to the next object in the iteration, " +"if there is one. If the iteration has reached the end, " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` may return ``NULL`` without setting an" +" exception, or it may set :exc:`StopIteration` *in addition* to returning " +"``NULL``; avoiding the exception can yield slightly better performance. If " +"an actual error occurs, :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` should always " +"set an exception and return ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"任何 :term:`iterator` 对象都应当同时实现 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext`。 一个迭代器的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` 处理器应当返回一个指向该迭代器的新引用。 它的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` 处理器应当返回一个指向迭代操作的下一个对象的新引用，如果还有下一个对象的话。" +" 如果迭代已到达末尾，则 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` 可以返回 ``NULL`` " +"而不设置异常，或者也可以在返回 ``NULL`` 的基础上 *额外* 设置 :exc:`StopIteration`；避免异常可以产生更好的性能。 " +"如果发生了实际的错误，则 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` 应当总是设置一个异常并返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:539 +msgid "Weak Reference Support" +msgstr "弱引用支持" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:541 +msgid "" +"One of the goals of Python's weak reference implementation is to allow any " +"type to participate in the weak reference mechanism without incurring the " +"overhead on performance-critical objects (such as numbers)." +msgstr "" +"One of the goals of Python 弱引用实现的目标之一是允许任意类型参与弱引用机制而不会在重视性能的对象（例如数字）上产生额外开销。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:546 +msgid "Documentation for the :mod:`weakref` module." +msgstr ":mod:`weakref` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:548 +msgid "" +"For an object to be weakly referenceable, the extension type must set the " +"``Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF`` bit of the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`" +" field. The legacy :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` field should " +"be left as zero." +msgstr "" +"对于可被弱引用的对象，扩展类型必须设置 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 字段的 " +"``Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF`` 比特位。 旧式的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 字段应当保持为零。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:553 +msgid "" +"Concretely, here is how the statically declared type object would look::" +msgstr "具体地说，以下就是静态声明的类型对象的样子::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:555 +msgid "" +"static PyTypeObject TrivialType = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" /* ... other members omitted for brevity ... */\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF | ...,\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyTypeObject TrivialType = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" /* ... 省略了其他成员以使代码简短 ... */\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF | ...,\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:562 +msgid "" +"The only further addition is that ``tp_dealloc`` needs to clear any weak " +"references (by calling :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs`)::" +msgstr "" +"唯一的额外补充是 ``tp_dealloc`` 需要清除任何弱引用 (通过调用 :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs`)::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:565 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"Trivial_dealloc(TrivialObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" /* Clear weakrefs first before calling any destructors */\n" +" PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);\n" +" /* ... remainder of destruction code omitted for brevity ... */\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"Trivial_dealloc(TrivialObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" /* 在调用任何析构器之前先清除弱引用 */\n" +" PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) self);\n" +" /* ... 省略了析构代码的其余部分以使代码简短 ... */\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:576 +msgid "More Suggestions" +msgstr "更多建议" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:578 +msgid "" +"In order to learn how to implement any specific method for your new data " +"type, get the :term:`CPython` source code. Go to the :file:`Objects` " +"directory, then search the C source files for ``tp_`` plus the function you " +"want (for example, ``tp_richcompare``). You will find examples of the " +"function you want to implement." +msgstr "" +"为了学习如何为你的新数据类型实现任何特定方法，请获取 :term:`CPython` 源代码。 进入 :file:`Objects` 目录，然后在 C " +"源文件中搜索 ``tp_`` 加上你想要的函数 (例如，``tp_richcompare``)。 你将找到你想要实现的函数的例子。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:584 +msgid "" +"When you need to verify that an object is a concrete instance of the type " +"you are implementing, use the :c:func:`PyObject_TypeCheck` function. A " +"sample of its use might be something like the following::" +msgstr "" +"当你需要验证一个对象是否为你实现的类型的具体实例时，请使用 :c:func:`PyObject_TypeCheck` 函数。 它的一个用法示例如下::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:588 +msgid "" +"if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(some_object, &MyType)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"arg #1 not a mything\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(some_object, &MyType)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"arg #1 not a mything\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:594 +msgid "Download CPython source releases." +msgstr "下载CPython源代码版本。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:595 +msgid "https://www.python.org/downloads/source/" +msgstr "https://www.python.org/downloads/source/" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:597 +msgid "" +"The CPython project on GitHub, where the CPython source code is developed." +msgstr "GitHub上开发CPython源代码的CPython项目。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:598 +msgid "https://github.com/python/cpython" +msgstr "https://github.com/python/cpython" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:56 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:56 +msgid "deallocation" +msgstr "撤销分配" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:56 +msgid "deallocation, object" +msgstr "撤销分配，对象" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:56 +msgid "finalization" +msgstr "最终化" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:56 +msgid "finalization, of objects" +msgstr "最终化，对象" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:91 +msgid "PyErr_Fetch (C function)" +msgstr "PyErr_Fetch (C 函数)" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:91 +msgid "PyErr_Restore (C function)" +msgstr "PyErr_Restore (C 函数)" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:150 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:150 +msgid "object representation" +msgstr "对象的表示" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:150 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes.rst:150 +msgid "repr" +msgstr "repr" diff --git a/extending/newtypes_tutorial.po b/extending/newtypes_tutorial.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95735b34d --- /dev/null +++ b/extending/newtypes_tutorial.po @@ -0,0 +1,3023 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 刘士 , 2021 +# Harry Liu. , 2021 +# meowmeowcat , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2022 +# Jing Li , 2022 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-19 01:00+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:7 +msgid "Defining Extension Types: Tutorial" +msgstr "自定义扩展类型：教程" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Python allows the writer of a C extension module to define new types that " +"can be manipulated from Python code, much like the built-in :class:`str` and" +" :class:`list` types. The code for all extension types follows a pattern, " +"but there are some details that you need to understand before you can get " +"started. This document is a gentle introduction to the topic." +msgstr "" +"Python 允许编写 C 扩展模块定义可以从 Python 代码中操纵的新类型，这很像内置的 :class:`str` 和 :class:`list`" +" 类型。所有扩展类型的代码都遵循一个模式，但是在您开始之前，您需要了解一些细节。这份文件是对这个主题介绍。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:24 +msgid "The Basics" +msgstr "基础" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The :term:`CPython` runtime sees all Python objects as variables of type " +":c:expr:`PyObject*`, which serves as a \"base type\" for all Python objects." +" The :c:type:`PyObject` structure itself only contains the object's " +":term:`reference count` and a pointer to the object's \"type object\". This " +"is where the action is; the type object determines which (C) functions get " +"called by the interpreter when, for instance, an attribute gets looked up on" +" an object, a method called, or it is multiplied by another object. These C" +" functions are called \"type methods\"." +msgstr "" +":term:`CPython` 运行时会将所有 Python 对象都视为 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 类型的变量，这是所有 Python " +"对象的“基础类型”。 :c:type:`PyObject` 结构体本身只包含对象的 :term:`reference count` " +"和指向对象的“类型对象”的指针。 这是动作所针对的目标。 类型对象决定解释器要调用哪些 (C) " +"函数，例如，在对象上查找一个属性，调用一个方法，或者与另一个对象相乘等。 这些 C 函数被称为“类型方法”。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:35 +msgid "" +"So, if you want to define a new extension type, you need to create a new " +"type object." +msgstr "所以，如果你想要定义新的扩展类型，需要创建新的类型对象。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:38 +msgid "" +"This sort of thing can only be explained by example, so here's a minimal, " +"but complete, module that defines a new type named :class:`!Custom` inside a" +" C extension module :mod:`!custom`:" +msgstr "" +"这种事情只能通过例子来解释，下面是一个最小但完整的模块，它在 C 扩展模块 :mod:`!custom` 中定义了一个名为 " +":class:`!Custom` 的新类型：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:43 +msgid "" +"What we're showing here is the traditional way of defining *static* " +"extension types. It should be adequate for most uses. The C API also " +"allows defining heap-allocated extension types using the " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` function, which isn't covered in this tutorial." +msgstr "" +"这里展示的方法是定义 *static* 扩展类型的传统方法。可以适合大部分用途。C API也可以定义在堆上分配的扩展类型，使用 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 函数，但不在本入门里讨论。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:48 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" /* Type-specific fields go here. */\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,\n" +" .tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" /* Type-specific fields go here. */\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,\n" +" .tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Now that's quite a bit to take in at once, but hopefully bits will seem " +"familiar from the previous chapter. This file defines three things:" +msgstr "这部分很容易理解，这是为了跟上一章能对接上。这个文件定义了三件事：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:53 +msgid "" +"What a :class:`!Custom` **object** contains: this is the ``CustomObject`` " +"struct, which is allocated once for each :class:`!Custom` instance." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`!Custom` **对象** 包含的东西：这是 ``CustomObject`` 结构体，它会为每个 " +":class:`!Custom` 实例分配一次。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:55 +msgid "" +"How the :class:`!Custom` **type** behaves: this is the ``CustomType`` " +"struct, which defines a set of flags and function pointers that the " +"interpreter inspects when specific operations are requested." +msgstr "" +":class:`!Custom` **类型** 的行为：这是 ``CustomType`` " +"结构体，它定义了一组旗标和函数指针供解释器在收到特定操作请求时进行检查。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:58 +msgid "" +"How to initialize the :mod:`!custom` module: this is the ``PyInit_custom`` " +"function and the associated ``custommodule`` struct." +msgstr "" +"如何初始化 :mod:`!custom` 模块：这是 ``PyInit_custom`` 函数及其对应的 ``custommodule`` 结构体。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:61 +msgid "The first bit is::" +msgstr "结构的第一块是 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:63 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +"} CustomObject;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +"} CustomObject;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:67 +msgid "" +"This is what a Custom object will contain. ``PyObject_HEAD`` is mandatory " +"at the start of each object struct and defines a field called ``ob_base`` of" +" type :c:type:`PyObject`, containing a pointer to a type object and a " +"reference count (these can be accessed using the macros :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` " +"and :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` respectively). The reason for the macro is to " +"abstract away the layout and to enable additional fields in :ref:`debug " +"builds `." +msgstr "" +"这就是一个自定义对象将会包含的内容。 ``PyObject_HEAD`` 是强制要求放在每个对象结构体之前并定义一个名为 ``ob_base`` 的 " +":c:type:`PyObject` 类型的字段，其中包含一个指向类型对象和引用计数的指针（这两者可以分别使用宏 :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` " +"和 :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` 来区分）。 使用宏的理由是将布局抽象出来并在 :ref:`调试编译版中 ` " +"中启用附加字段。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:76 +msgid "" +"There is no semicolon above after the :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` macro. Be " +"wary of adding one by accident: some compilers will complain." +msgstr "注意在宏 :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` 后没有分号。意外添加分号会导致编译器提示出错。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Of course, objects generally store additional data besides the standard " +"``PyObject_HEAD`` boilerplate; for example, here is the definition for " +"standard Python floats::" +msgstr "当然，对象除了在 ``PyObject_HEAD`` 存储数据外，还有额外数据；例如，如下定义了标准的Python浮点数::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:83 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" double ob_fval;\n" +"} PyFloatObject;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" double ob_fval;\n" +"} PyFloatObject;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:88 +msgid "The second bit is the definition of the type object. ::" +msgstr "第二个位是类型对象的定义::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:90 +msgid "" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,\n" +" .tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,\n" +" .tp_new = PyType_GenericNew,\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:101 +msgid "" +"We recommend using C99-style designated initializers as above, to avoid " +"listing all the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` fields that you don't care about and " +"also to avoid caring about the fields' declaration order." +msgstr "" +"推荐使用如上C99风格的初始化，以避免列出所有的 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` " +"字段，其中很多是你不需要关心的，这样也可以避免关注字段的定义顺序。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:105 +msgid "" +"The actual definition of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` in :file:`object.h` has many" +" more :ref:`fields ` than the definition above. The remaining" +" fields will be filled with zeros by the C compiler, and it's common " +"practice to not specify them explicitly unless you need them." +msgstr "" +"在 :file:`object.h` 中实际定义的 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 具有比如上定义更多的 :ref:`字段 `。 剩余的字段会由 C 编译器用零来填充，通常的做法是不显式地指定它们，除非你确实需要它们。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:110 +msgid "We're going to pick it apart, one field at a time::" +msgstr "我们先挑选一部分，每次一个字段::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:112 +msgid ".ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)" +msgstr ".ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:114 +msgid "" +"This line is mandatory boilerplate to initialize the ``ob_base`` field " +"mentioned above. ::" +msgstr "这一行是强制的样板，用以初始化如上提到的 ``ob_base`` 字段::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:117 +msgid ".tp_name = \"custom.Custom\"," +msgstr ".tp_name = \"custom.Custom\"," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:119 +msgid "" +"The name of our type. This will appear in the default textual " +"representation of our objects and in some error messages, for example:" +msgstr "我们的类型的名称。 这将出现在我们的对象的默认文本表示形式和某些错误消息中，例如:" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:122 +msgid "" +">>> \"\" + custom.Custom()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"custom.Custom\") to str" +msgstr "" +">>> \"\" + custom.Custom()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"custom.Custom\") to str" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Note that the name is a dotted name that includes both the module name and " +"the name of the type within the module. The module in this case is " +":mod:`!custom` and the type is :class:`!Custom`, so we set the type name to " +":class:`!custom.Custom`. Using the real dotted import path is important to " +"make your type compatible with the :mod:`pydoc` and :mod:`pickle` modules. " +"::" +msgstr "" +"请注意此名称是一个带点号名称，它同时包括模块名称和模块中的类型名称。 本例中的模块是 :mod:`!custom` 而类型是 " +":class:`!Custom`，因此我们将类型名称设为 :class:`!custom.Custom`。 使用真正的带点号的导入路径对于使你的类型与 " +":mod:`pydoc` 和 :mod:`pickle` 模块保持兼容是很重要的。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:135 +msgid "" +".tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +".tp_itemsize = 0," +msgstr "" +".tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +".tp_itemsize = 0," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:138 +msgid "" +"This is so that Python knows how much memory to allocate when creating new " +":class:`!Custom` instances. :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` is only " +"used for variable-sized objects and should otherwise be zero." +msgstr "" +"这样能让 Python 知道当创建新的 :class:`!Custom` 实例时需要分配多少内存。 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` 仅用于可变大小的对象而在其他情况下都应为零。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:144 +msgid "" +"If you want your type to be subclassable from Python, and your type has the " +"same :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` as its base type, you may have " +"problems with multiple inheritance. A Python subclass of your type will " +"have to list your type first in its :attr:`~type.__bases__`, or else it will" +" not be able to call your type's :meth:`~object.__new__` method without " +"getting an error. You can avoid this problem by ensuring that your type has" +" a larger value for :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` than its base " +"type does. Most of the time, this will be true anyway, because either your " +"base type will be :class:`object`, or else you will be adding data members " +"to your base type, and therefore increasing its size." +msgstr "" +"如果你希望你的类型可在 Python 中被子类化，并且你的类型和它的基类型具有相同的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`，那么你可能会遇到多重继承问题。 你的类型的 Python 子类必须在其 " +":attr:`~type.__bases__` 中将你的类型列在最前面，否则在调用你的类型的 :meth:`~object.__new__` " +"方法时将会出错。 你可以通过确保你的类型具有比它的基类型更大的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` " +"值来避免这个问题。 在大多数时候，这都是可以的，因为要么你的类型是 :class:`object`，要么你将为你的基类型添加数据成员，从而增加其大小。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:154 +msgid "We set the class flags to :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT`. ::" +msgstr "我们将类旗标设为 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT`。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:156 +msgid ".tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT," +msgstr ".tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:158 +msgid "" +"All types should include this constant in their flags. It enables all of " +"the members defined until at least Python 3.3. If you need further members," +" you will need to OR the corresponding flags." +msgstr "" +"所有类型都应当在它们的旗标中包括此常量。 该常量将启用至少在 Python 3.3 之前定义的全部成员。 如果你需要更多的成员，你将需要对相应的旗标进行" +" OR 运算。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:162 +msgid "" +"We provide a doc string for the type in :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_doc`. ::" +msgstr "我们为 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_doc` 类型提供一个文档字符串. ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:164 +msgid ".tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\")," +msgstr ".tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\")," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:166 +msgid "" +"To enable object creation, we have to provide a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` handler. This is the equivalent of the " +"Python method :meth:`~object.__new__`, but has to be specified explicitly. " +"In this case, we can just use the default implementation provided by the API" +" function :c:func:`PyType_GenericNew`. ::" +msgstr "" +"要启用对象创建，我们必须提供一个 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 处理器。 这等价于 Python 方法 " +":meth:`~object.__new__`，但必须显式地指定。 在这种情况下，我们可以使用 API 函数 " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericNew` 所提供的默认实现。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:171 +msgid ".tp_new = PyType_GenericNew," +msgstr ".tp_new = PyType_GenericNew," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Everything else in the file should be familiar, except for some code in " +":c:func:`!PyInit_custom`::" +msgstr "除了 :c:func:`!PyInit_custom` 中的某些代码以外，文件中的其他内容应该都很容易理解::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:176 +msgid "" +"if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return;" +msgstr "" +"if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:179 +msgid "" +"This initializes the :class:`!Custom` type, filling in a number of members " +"to the appropriate default values, including :c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type` " +"that we initially set to ``NULL``. ::" +msgstr "" +"这将初始化 :class:`!Custom` 类型，为一些成员填充适当的默认值，包括我们在初始时设为 ``NULL`` 的 " +":c:member:`~PyObject.ob_type`。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:183 +msgid "" +"if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:188 +msgid "" +"This adds the type to the module dictionary. This allows us to create " +":class:`!Custom` instances by calling the :class:`!Custom` class:" +msgstr "这将把类型添加到模块字典中。 这样我们就能通过调用 :class:`!Custom` 类来创建 :class:`!Custom` 实例：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:191 +msgid "" +">>> import custom\n" +">>> mycustom = custom.Custom()" +msgstr "" +">>> import custom\n" +">>> mycustom = custom.Custom()" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:196 +msgid "" +"That's it! All that remains is to build it; put the above code in a file " +"called :file:`custom.c`," +msgstr "就是这样！ 剩下的工作就是编译它；将上述代码放入名为 :file:`custom.c` 的文件中，" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:199 +msgid "" +"[build-system]\n" +"requires = [\"setuptools\"]\n" +"build-backend = \"setuptools.build_meta\"\n" +"\n" +"[project]\n" +"name = \"custom\"\n" +"version = \"1\"\n" +msgstr "" +"[build-system]\n" +"requires = [\"setuptools\"]\n" +"build-backend = \"setuptools.build_meta\"\n" +"\n" +"[project]\n" +"name = \"custom\"\n" +"version = \"1\"\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:201 +msgid "in a file called :file:`pyproject.toml`, and" +msgstr "名为 :file:`pyproject.toml` 的文件中，并且" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:203 +msgid "" +"from setuptools import Extension, setup\n" +"setup(ext_modules=[Extension(\"custom\", [\"custom.c\"])])" +msgstr "" +"from setuptools import Extension, setup\n" +"setup(ext_modules=[Extension(\"custom\", [\"custom.c\"])])" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:208 +msgid "in a file called :file:`setup.py`; then typing" +msgstr "在名为 :file:`setup.py` 的文件中；然后输入" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:210 +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:525 +msgid "$ python -m pip install ." +msgstr "$ python -m pip install ." + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:214 +msgid "" +"in a shell should produce a file :file:`custom.so` in a subdirectory and " +"install it; now fire up Python --- you should be able to ``import custom`` " +"and play around with ``Custom`` objects." +msgstr "" +"在 shell 中应该会在子目录下产生一个文件 :file:`custom.so` 并安装它；现在启动 Python --- 你应当能够执行 " +"``import custom`` 并尝试使用 ``Custom`` 对象。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:218 +msgid "That wasn't so hard, was it?" +msgstr "这并不难，对吗？" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Of course, the current Custom type is pretty uninteresting. It has no data " +"and doesn't do anything. It can't even be subclassed." +msgstr "当然，当前的自定义类型非常无趣。它没有数据，也不做任何事情。它甚至不能被子类化。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:225 +msgid "Adding data and methods to the Basic example" +msgstr "向基本示例添加数据和方法" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Let's extend the basic example to add some data and methods. Let's also " +"make the type usable as a base class. We'll create a new module, " +":mod:`!custom2` that adds these capabilities:" +msgstr "" +"让我们通过添加一些数据和方法来扩展这个基本示例。 让我们再使该类型可以作为基类使用。 我们将创建一个新模块 :mod:`!custom2` " +"来添加这些功能：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:231 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"#include /* for offsetof() */\n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|OOi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(first));\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(last));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, first), 0,\n" +" \"first name\"},\n" +" {\"last\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, last), 0,\n" +" \"last name\"},\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"first\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"last\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom2.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,\n" +" .tp_new = Custom_new,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_members = Custom_members,\n" +" .tp_methods = Custom_methods,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base =PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom2\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom2(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"#include /* for offsetof() */\n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|OOi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(first));\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(last));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, first), 0,\n" +" \"first name\"},\n" +" {\"last\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, last), 0,\n" +" \"last name\"},\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"first\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"last\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom2.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,\n" +" .tp_new = Custom_new,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_members = Custom_members,\n" +" .tp_methods = Custom_methods,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base =PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom2\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom2(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:234 +msgid "This version of the module has a number of changes." +msgstr "该模块的新版本包含多处修改。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:236 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!Custom` type now has three data attributes in its C struct, " +"*first*, *last*, and *number*. The *first* and *last* variables are Python " +"strings containing first and last names. The *number* attribute is a C " +"integer." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!Custom` 类型的 C 结构体中有三个数据属性，*first*、*last* 和 *number*。 其中 *first* " +"和 *last* 变量是包含名字和姓氏的 Python 字符串。 *number* 属性是一个 C 整数。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:240 +msgid "The object structure is updated accordingly::" +msgstr "对象的结构将被相应地更新::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:242 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Because we now have data to manage, we have to be more careful about object " +"allocation and deallocation. At a minimum, we need a deallocation method::" +msgstr "因为现在我们有数据需要管理，我们必须更加小心地处理对象的分配和释放。 至少，我们需要有一个释放方法::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:252 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:260 +msgid "which is assigned to the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` member::" +msgstr "它会被赋值给 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 成员::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:262 +msgid ".tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc," +msgstr ".tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:264 +msgid "" +"This method first clears the reference counts of the two Python attributes. " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF` correctly handles the case where its argument is " +"``NULL`` (which might happen here if ``tp_new`` failed midway). It then " +"calls the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` member of the object's type " +"(computed by ``Py_TYPE(self)``) to free the object's memory. Note that the " +"object's type might not be :class:`!CustomType`, because the object may be " +"an instance of a subclass." +msgstr "" +"此方法会先清空两个 Python 属性的引用计数。 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 可以正确处理参数为 ``NULL`` 的情况（这可能在 " +"``tp_new`` 中途失败时发生）。 随后它将调用对象类型的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` 成员（通过 " +"``Py_TYPE(self)`` 计算得到）来释放对象的内存。 请注意对象类型可以不是 " +":class:`!CustomType`，因为对象可能是一个子类的实例。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:273 +msgid "" +"The explicit cast to ``destructor`` above is needed because we defined " +"``Custom_dealloc`` to take a ``CustomObject *`` argument, but the " +"``tp_dealloc`` function pointer expects to receive a ``PyObject *`` " +"argument. Otherwise, the compiler will emit a warning. This is object-" +"oriented polymorphism, in C!" +msgstr "" +"上面需要强制转换 ``destructor`` 是因为我们定义了 ``Custom_dealloc`` 接受一个 ``CustomObject *`` " +"参数，但 ``tp_dealloc`` 函数指针预期接受一个 ``PyObject *`` 参数。 如果不这样做，编译器将发出警告。 这是 C " +"语言中面向对象的多态性！" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:279 +msgid "" +"We want to make sure that the first and last names are initialized to empty " +"strings, so we provide a ``tp_new`` implementation::" +msgstr "我们希望确保头一个和末一个名称被初始化为空字符串，因此我们提供了一个 ``tp_new`` 实现::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:282 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:303 +msgid "and install it in the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` member::" +msgstr "并在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 成员中安装它::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:305 +msgid ".tp_new = Custom_new," +msgstr ".tp_new = Custom_new," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The ``tp_new`` handler is responsible for creating (as opposed to " +"initializing) objects of the type. It is exposed in Python as the " +":meth:`~object.__new__` method. It is not required to define a ``tp_new`` " +"member, and indeed many extension types will simply reuse " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericNew` as done in the first version of the " +":class:`!Custom` type above. In this case, we use the ``tp_new`` handler to" +" initialize the ``first`` and ``last`` attributes to non-``NULL`` default " +"values." +msgstr "" +"``tp_new`` 处理器负责创建（而不是初始化）该类型的对象。 它在 Python 中被暴露为 :meth:`~object.__new__` " +"方法。 它不需要定义 ``tp_new`` 成员，实际上许多扩展类型会简单地重用 :c:func:`PyType_GenericNew`，就像上面 " +":class:`!Custom` 类型的第一个版本所做的那样。 在此情况下，我们使用 ``tp_new`` 处理器来将 ``first`` 和 " +"``last`` 属性初始化为非 ``NULL`` 的默认值。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:315 +msgid "" +"``tp_new`` is passed the type being instantiated (not necessarily " +"``CustomType``, if a subclass is instantiated) and any arguments passed when" +" the type was called, and is expected to return the instance created. " +"``tp_new`` handlers always accept positional and keyword arguments, but they" +" often ignore the arguments, leaving the argument handling to initializer " +"(a.k.a. ``tp_init`` in C or ``__init__`` in Python) methods." +msgstr "" +"``tp_new`` 将接受被实例化的类型（不要求为 " +"``CustomType``，如果被实例化的是一个子类）以及在该类型被调用时传入的任何参数，并预期返回所创建的实例。 ``tp_new`` " +"处理器总是接受位置和关键字参数，但它们总是会忽略这些参数，而将参数处理留给初始化（即 C 中的 ``tp_init`` 或 Python 中的 " +"``__init__`` 函数）方法来执行。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:323 +msgid "" +"``tp_new`` shouldn't call ``tp_init`` explicitly, as the interpreter will do" +" it itself." +msgstr "``tp_new`` 不应显式地调用 ``tp_init``，因为解释器会自行调用它。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:326 +msgid "" +"The ``tp_new`` implementation calls the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` " +"slot to allocate memory::" +msgstr "``tp_new`` 实现会调用 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 槽位来分配内存::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:329 +msgid "self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);" +msgstr "self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Since memory allocation may fail, we must check the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` result against ``NULL`` before " +"proceeding." +msgstr "" +"由于内存分配可能会失败，我们必须在继续执行之前检查 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 结果确认其不为 " +"``NULL``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:335 +msgid "" +"We didn't fill the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot ourselves. Rather" +" :c:func:`PyType_Ready` fills it for us by inheriting it from our base " +"class, which is :class:`object` by default. Most types use the default " +"allocation strategy." +msgstr "" +"我们没有自行填充 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 槽位。 而是由 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` " +"通过从我们的基类继承来替我们填充它，其中默认为 :class:`object`。 大部分类型都是使用默认的分配策略。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:341 +msgid "" +"If you are creating a co-operative :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` (one " +"that calls a base type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` or " +":meth:`~object.__new__`), you must *not* try to determine what method to " +"call using method resolution order at runtime. Always statically determine " +"what type you are going to call, and call its " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` directly, or via ``type->tp_base->tp_new``." +" If you do not do this, Python subclasses of your type that also inherit " +"from other Python-defined classes may not work correctly. (Specifically, you" +" may not be able to create instances of such subclasses without getting a " +":exc:`TypeError`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果您要创建一个协作式 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` (它会调用基类型的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 或 :meth:`~object.__new__`)，那么你 *不能* " +"在运行时尝试使用方法解析顺序来确定要调用的方法。 必须总是静态地确定你要调用的类型，并直接调用它的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`，或是通过 ``type->tp_base->tp_new``。 " +"如果你不这样做，你的类型的同样继承自其它由 Python 定义的类的 Python 子类可能无法正常工作。 " +"(具体地说，你可能无法创建这样的子类的实例而是会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。)" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:351 +msgid "" +"We also define an initialization function which accepts arguments to provide" +" initial values for our instance::" +msgstr "我们还定义了一个接受参数来为我们的实例提供初始值的初始化函数::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:354 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *tmp;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|OOi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" tmp = self->first;\n" +" Py_INCREF(first);\n" +" self->first = first;\n" +" Py_XDECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" tmp = self->last;\n" +" Py_INCREF(last);\n" +" self->last = last;\n" +" Py_XDECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *tmp;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|OOi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" tmp = self->first;\n" +" Py_INCREF(first);\n" +" self->first = first;\n" +" Py_XDECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" tmp = self->last;\n" +" Py_INCREF(last);\n" +" self->last = last;\n" +" Py_XDECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:380 +msgid "by filling the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` slot. ::" +msgstr "通过填充 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 槽位。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:382 +msgid ".tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init," +msgstr ".tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:384 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` slot is exposed in Python as the " +":meth:`~object.__init__` method. It is used to initialize an object after " +"it's created. Initializers always accept positional and keyword arguments, " +"and they should return either ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on error." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 槽位在 Python 中暴露为 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"方法。 它被用来在创建对象后对其进行初始化。 初始化器总是接受位置和关键字参数，它们应当在成功时返回 ``0`` 而在出错时返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:389 +msgid "" +"Unlike the ``tp_new`` handler, there is no guarantee that ``tp_init`` is " +"called at all (for example, the :mod:`pickle` module by default doesn't call" +" :meth:`~object.__init__` on unpickled instances). It can also be called " +"multiple times. Anyone can call the :meth:`!__init__` method on our " +"objects. For this reason, we have to be extra careful when assigning the " +"new attribute values. We might be tempted, for example to assign the " +"``first`` member like this::" +msgstr "" +"不同于 ``tp_new`` 处理器，``tp_init`` 不保证一定会被调用 (例如，在默认情况下 :mod:`pickle` " +"模块不会在未解封的实例上调用 :meth:`~object.__init__`)。 它还可能被多次调用。 任何人都可以在我们的对象上调用 " +":meth:`!__init__` 方法。 因此，我们在为属性赋新值时必须格外小心。 例如像这样给 ``first`` 成员赋值::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:397 +msgid "" +"if (first) {\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_INCREF(first);\n" +" self->first = first;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"if (first) {\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_INCREF(first);\n" +" self->first = first;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:403 +msgid "" +"But this would be risky. Our type doesn't restrict the type of the " +"``first`` member, so it could be any kind of object. It could have a " +"destructor that causes code to be executed that tries to access the " +"``first`` member; or that destructor could release the :term:`Global " +"interpreter Lock ` and let arbitrary code run in other threads that " +"accesses and modifies our object." +msgstr "" +"但是这可能会有危险。 我们的类型没有限制 ``first`` 成员的类型，因此它可以是任何种类的对象。 它可以带有一个会执行尝试访问 ``first``" +" 成员的代码的析构器；或者该析构器可能会释放 :term:`全局解释器锁 ` 并让任意代码在其他线程中运行来访问和修改我们的对象。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:410 +msgid "" +"To be paranoid and protect ourselves against this possibility, we almost " +"always reassign members before decrementing their reference counts. When " +"don't we have to do this?" +msgstr "为了保持谨慎并使我们避免这种可能性，我们几乎总是要在减少成员的引用计数之前给它们重新赋值。 什么时候我们可以不必再这样做？" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:414 +msgid "when we absolutely know that the reference count is greater than 1;" +msgstr "当我们明确知道引用计数大于 1 的时候;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:416 +msgid "" +"when we know that deallocation of the object [#]_ will neither release the " +":term:`GIL` nor cause any calls back into our type's code;" +msgstr "当我们知道对象的释放 [#]_ 既不会释放 :term:`GIL` 也不会导致任何对我们的类型的代码的回调的时候;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:419 +msgid "" +"when decrementing a reference count in a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler on a type which doesn't support" +" cyclic garbage collection [#]_." +msgstr "" +"当减少一个 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 处理器内不支持循环垃圾回收的类型的引用计数的时候 [#]_." + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:422 +msgid "" +"We want to expose our instance variables as attributes. There are a number " +"of ways to do that. The simplest way is to define member definitions::" +msgstr "我们可能会想将我们的实例变量暴露为属性。 有几种方式可以做到这一点。 最简单的方式是定义成员的定义::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:425 +msgid "" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, first), 0,\n" +" \"first name\"},\n" +" {\"last\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, last), 0,\n" +" \"last name\"},\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, first), 0,\n" +" \"first name\"},\n" +" {\"last\", Py_T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(CustomObject, last), 0,\n" +" \"last name\"},\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:435 +msgid "" +"and put the definitions in the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` slot::" +msgstr "并将定义放置到 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` 槽位中::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:437 +msgid ".tp_members = Custom_members," +msgstr ".tp_members = Custom_members," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Each member definition has a member name, type, offset, access flags and " +"documentation string. See the :ref:`Generic-Attribute-Management` section " +"below for details." +msgstr "" +"每个成员的定义都有成员名称、类型、偏移量、访问旗标和文档字符串。 请参阅下面的 :ref:`Generic-Attribute-Management` " +"小节来了解详情。section below for details." + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:443 +msgid "" +"A disadvantage of this approach is that it doesn't provide a way to restrict" +" the types of objects that can be assigned to the Python attributes. We " +"expect the first and last names to be strings, but any Python objects can be" +" assigned. Further, the attributes can be deleted, setting the C pointers to" +" ``NULL``. Even though we can make sure the members are initialized to " +"non-``NULL`` values, the members can be set to ``NULL`` if the attributes " +"are deleted." +msgstr "" +"此方式的缺点之一是它没有提供限制可被赋值给 Python 属性的对象类型的办法。 我们预期 first 和 last " +"的名称为字符串，但它们可以被赋值为任意 Python 对象。 此外，这些属性还可以被删除，并将 C 指针设为 ``NULL``。 " +"即使我们可以保证这些成员被初始化为非 ``NULL`` 值，如果这些属性被删除这些成员仍可被设为 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:450 +msgid "" +"We define a single method, :meth:`!Custom.name`, that outputs the objects " +"name as the concatenation of the first and last names. ::" +msgstr "我们定义一个单独的方法，:meth:`!Custom.name`，它将对象名称输出为 first 和 last 名称的拼接。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:453 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"first\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"last\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"first\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, \"last\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:467 +msgid "" +"The method is implemented as a C function that takes a :class:`!Custom` (or " +":class:`!Custom` subclass) instance as the first argument. Methods always " +"take an instance as the first argument. Methods often take positional and " +"keyword arguments as well, but in this case we don't take any and don't need" +" to accept a positional argument tuple or keyword argument dictionary. This " +"method is equivalent to the Python method:" +msgstr "" +"该方法以的实现形式是一个接受 :class:`!Custom` (或:class:`!Custom` 的子类) 实例作为第一个参数的 C 函数。 " +"方法总是接受一个实例作为第一个参数。 方法往往也接受位置和关键字参数，但在本例中我们未接受任何参数也不需要接受位置参数元组或关键字参数字典。 " +"该方法等价于以下 Python 方法：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:474 +msgid "" +"def name(self):\n" +" return \"%s %s\" % (self.first, self.last)" +msgstr "" +"def name(self):\n" +" return \"%s %s\" % (self.first, self.last)" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:479 +msgid "" +"Note that we have to check for the possibility that our :attr:`!first` and " +":attr:`!last` members are ``NULL``. This is because they can be deleted, in" +" which case they are set to ``NULL``. It would be better to prevent " +"deletion of these attributes and to restrict the attribute values to be " +"strings. We'll see how to do that in the next section." +msgstr "" +"请注意我们必须检查 :attr:`!first` 和 :attr:`!last` 成员是否可能为 ``NULL``。 " +"这是因为它们可以被删除，在此情况下它们会被设为 ``NULL``。 更好的做法是防止删除这些属性并将属性的值限制为字符串。 " +"我们将在下一节了解如何做到这一点。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:485 +msgid "" +"Now that we've defined the method, we need to create an array of method " +"definitions::" +msgstr "现在我们已经定义好了方法，我们需要创建一个方法定义数组::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:488 +msgid "" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:495 +msgid "" +"(note that we used the :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` flag to indicate that the " +"method is expecting no arguments other than *self*)" +msgstr "（请注意我们使用了 :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` 旗标来指明该方法不准备接受除 *self* 以外的任何参数）" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:498 +msgid "and assign it to the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` slot::" +msgstr "并将其赋给 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_methods` 槽位::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:500 +msgid ".tp_methods = Custom_methods," +msgstr ".tp_methods = Custom_methods," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:502 +msgid "" +"Finally, we'll make our type usable as a base class for subclassing. We've " +"written our methods carefully so far so that they don't make any assumptions" +" about the type of the object being created or used, so all we need to do is" +" to add the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE` to our class flag definition::" +msgstr "" +"最后，我们将使我们的类型可被用作派生子类的基类。 我们精心地编写我们的方法以便它们不会随意假定被创建或使用的对象类型，所以我们需要做的就是将 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE` 添加到我们的类旗标定义中::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:507 +msgid ".tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE," +msgstr ".tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:509 +msgid "" +"We rename :c:func:`!PyInit_custom` to :c:func:`!PyInit_custom2`, update the " +"module name in the :c:type:`PyModuleDef` struct, and update the full class " +"name in the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` struct." +msgstr "" +"我们将 :c:func:`!PyInit_custom` 重命名为 :c:func:`!PyInit_custom2`，更新 " +":c:type:`PyModuleDef` 结构体中的模块名称，并更新 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 结构体中的完整类名。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Finally, we update our :file:`setup.py` file to include the new module," +msgstr "最后，我们更新 :file:`setup.py` 文件来包括新的模块，" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:515 +msgid "" +"from setuptools import Extension, setup\n" +"setup(ext_modules=[\n" +" Extension(\"custom\", [\"custom.c\"]),\n" +" Extension(\"custom2\", [\"custom2.c\"]),\n" +"])" +msgstr "" +"from setuptools import Extension, setup\n" +"setup(ext_modules=[\n" +" Extension(\"custom\", [\"custom.c\"]),\n" +" Extension(\"custom2\", [\"custom2.c\"]),\n" +"])" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:523 +msgid "and then we re-install so that we can ``import custom2``:" +msgstr "然后我们重新安装以便能够 ``import custom2``:" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:530 +msgid "Providing finer control over data attributes" +msgstr "提供对于数据属性的更精细控制" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:532 +msgid "" +"In this section, we'll provide finer control over how the :attr:`!first` and" +" :attr:`!last` attributes are set in the :class:`!Custom` example. In the " +"previous version of our module, the instance variables :attr:`!first` and " +":attr:`!last` could be set to non-string values or even deleted. We want to " +"make sure that these attributes always contain strings." +msgstr "" +"在本节中，我们将对 :class:`!Custom` 示例中 :attr:`!first` 和 :attr:`!last` 属性的设置进行更精细的控制。" +" 在我们上一版本的模块中，实例变量 :attr:`!first` 和 :attr:`!last` 可以被设为非字符串值甚至被删除。 " +"我们希望确保这些属性始终包含字符串。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:538 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"#include /* for offsetof() */\n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|UUi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(first));\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(last));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getfirst(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->first);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setfirst(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the first attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The first attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getlast(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setlast(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the last attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The last attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyGetSetDef Custom_getsetters[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", (getter) Custom_getfirst, (setter) Custom_setfirst,\n" +" \"first name\", NULL},\n" +" {\"last\", (getter) Custom_getlast, (setter) Custom_setlast,\n" +" \"last name\", NULL},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom3.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,\n" +" .tp_new = Custom_new,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_members = Custom_members,\n" +" .tp_methods = Custom_methods,\n" +" .tp_getset = Custom_getsetters,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom3\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom3(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"#include /* for offsetof() */\n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->first);\n" +" Py_XDECREF(self->last);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|UUi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(first));\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(last));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getfirst(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->first);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setfirst(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the first attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The first attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getlast(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setlast(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the last attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The last attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyGetSetDef Custom_getsetters[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", (getter) Custom_getfirst, (setter) Custom_setfirst,\n" +" \"first name\", NULL},\n" +" {\"last\", (getter) Custom_getlast, (setter) Custom_setlast,\n" +" \"last name\", NULL},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom3.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,\n" +" .tp_new = Custom_new,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_members = Custom_members,\n" +" .tp_methods = Custom_methods,\n" +" .tp_getset = Custom_getsetters,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom3\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom3(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:541 +msgid "" +"To provide greater control, over the :attr:`!first` and :attr:`!last` " +"attributes, we'll use custom getter and setter functions. Here are the " +"functions for getting and setting the :attr:`!first` attribute::" +msgstr "" +"为了更好地控制 :attr:`!first` 和 :attr:`!last` 属性，我们将使用自定义的读取器和设置器函数。 以下就是用于读取和设置 " +":attr:`!first` 属性的函数::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:545 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getfirst(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_INCREF(self->first);\n" +" return self->first;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setfirst(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *tmp;\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the first attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The first attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" tmp = self->first;\n" +" Py_INCREF(value);\n" +" self->first = value;\n" +" Py_DECREF(tmp);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getfirst(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_INCREF(self->first);\n" +" return self->first;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setfirst(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *tmp;\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the first attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The first attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" tmp = self->first;\n" +" Py_INCREF(value);\n" +" self->first = value;\n" +" Py_DECREF(tmp);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:572 +msgid "" +"The getter function is passed a :class:`!Custom` object and a \"closure\", " +"which is a void pointer. In this case, the closure is ignored. (The " +"closure supports an advanced usage in which definition data is passed to the" +" getter and setter. This could, for example, be used to allow a single set " +"of getter and setter functions that decide the attribute to get or set based" +" on data in the closure.)" +msgstr "" +"读取器函数接受一个 :class:`!Custom` 对象和一个“闭包”，后者是一个空指针。 在本例中，该闭包将被忽略。 （闭包支持将定义数据传递给 " +"读取器和设置器的高级用法。 例如，这可以被用来允许一组获取器和设置器函数根据闭包中的数据来决定要读取或设置的属性）。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:578 +msgid "" +"The setter function is passed the :class:`!Custom` object, the new value, " +"and the closure. The new value may be ``NULL``, in which case the attribute" +" is being deleted. In our setter, we raise an error if the attribute is " +"deleted or if its new value is not a string." +msgstr "" +"设置器函数接受传入 :class:`!Custom` 对象、新值和闭包。 新值可能为 ``NULL``，在这种情况下属性将被删除。 " +"在我们的设置器中，如果属性被删除或者如果其新值不是字符串则会引发一个错误。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:583 +msgid "We create an array of :c:type:`PyGetSetDef` structures::" +msgstr "我们创建一个 :c:type:`PyGetSetDef` 结构体的数组::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:585 +msgid "" +"static PyGetSetDef Custom_getsetters[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", (getter) Custom_getfirst, (setter) Custom_setfirst,\n" +" \"first name\", NULL},\n" +" {\"last\", (getter) Custom_getlast, (setter) Custom_setlast,\n" +" \"last name\", NULL},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyGetSetDef Custom_getsetters[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", (getter) Custom_getfirst, (setter) Custom_setfirst,\n" +" \"first name\", NULL},\n" +" {\"last\", (getter) Custom_getlast, (setter) Custom_setlast,\n" +" \"last name\", NULL},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:593 +msgid "and register it in the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getset` slot::" +msgstr "并在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getset` 槽位中注册它::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:595 +msgid ".tp_getset = Custom_getsetters," +msgstr ".tp_getset = Custom_getsetters," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:597 +msgid "" +"The last item in a :c:type:`PyGetSetDef` structure is the \"closure\" " +"mentioned above. In this case, we aren't using a closure, so we just pass " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"在 :c:type:`PyGetSetDef` 结构体中的最后一项是上面提到的“闭包”。 在本例中，我们没有使用闭包，因此我们只传入 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:600 +msgid "We also remove the member definitions for these attributes::" +msgstr "我们还移除了这些属性的成员定义::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:602 +msgid "" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:608 +msgid "" +"We also need to update the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` handler to only" +" allow strings [#]_ to be passed::" +msgstr "我们还需要将 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 处理器更新为只允许传入字符串 [#]_::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:611 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *tmp;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|UUi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" tmp = self->first;\n" +" Py_INCREF(first);\n" +" self->first = first;\n" +" Py_DECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" tmp = self->last;\n" +" Py_INCREF(last);\n" +" self->last = last;\n" +" Py_DECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *tmp;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|UUi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" tmp = self->first;\n" +" Py_INCREF(first);\n" +" self->first = first;\n" +" Py_DECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" tmp = self->last;\n" +" Py_INCREF(last);\n" +" self->last = last;\n" +" Py_DECREF(tmp);\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:637 +msgid "" +"With these changes, we can assure that the ``first`` and ``last`` members " +"are never ``NULL`` so we can remove checks for ``NULL`` values in almost all" +" cases. This means that most of the :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` calls can be " +"converted to :c:func:`Py_DECREF` calls. The only place we can't change " +"these calls is in the ``tp_dealloc`` implementation, where there is the " +"possibility that the initialization of these members failed in ``tp_new``." +msgstr "" +"通过这些更改，我们能够确保 ``first`` 和 ``last`` 成员一定不为 ``NULL`` 以便我们能在几乎所有情况下移除 ``NULL`` " +"值检查。 这意味着大部分 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` 调用都可以被转换为 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 调用。 " +"我们不能更改这些调用的唯一场合是在 ``tp_dealloc`` 实现中，那里这些成员的初始化有可能在 ``tp_new`` 中失败。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:644 +msgid "" +"We also rename the module initialization function and module name in the " +"initialization function, as we did before, and we add an extra definition to" +" the :file:`setup.py` file." +msgstr "" +"我们还重命名了模块初始化函数和初始化函数中的模块名称，就像我们之前所做的一样，我们还向 :file:`setup.py` 文件添加了一个额外的定义。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:650 +msgid "Supporting cyclic garbage collection" +msgstr "支持循环垃圾回收" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:652 +msgid "" +"Python has a :term:`cyclic garbage collector (GC) ` that" +" can identify unneeded objects even when their reference counts are not " +"zero. This can happen when objects are involved in cycles. For example, " +"consider:" +msgstr "" +"Python 具有一个可以标识不再需要的对象的 :term:`循环垃圾回收器 (GC) ` " +"即使它们的引用计数并不为零。 这种情况会在对象被循环引用时发生。 例如，设想:" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:656 +msgid "" +">>> l = []\n" +">>> l.append(l)\n" +">>> del l" +msgstr "" +">>> l = []\n" +">>> l.append(l)\n" +">>> del l" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:662 +msgid "" +"In this example, we create a list that contains itself. When we delete it, " +"it still has a reference from itself. Its reference count doesn't drop to " +"zero. Fortunately, Python's cyclic garbage collector will eventually figure " +"out that the list is garbage and free it." +msgstr "" +"在这个例子中，我们创建了一个包含其自身的列表。 当我们删除它的时候，它将仍然具有一个来自其本身的引用。 它的引用计数并未降为零。 幸运的是，Python" +" 的循环垃圾回收器将最终发现该列表是无用的垃圾并释放它。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:667 +msgid "" +"In the second version of the :class:`!Custom` example, we allowed any kind " +"of object to be stored in the :attr:`!first` or :attr:`!last` attributes " +"[#]_. Besides, in the second and third versions, we allowed subclassing " +":class:`!Custom`, and subclasses may add arbitrary attributes. For any of " +"those two reasons, :class:`!Custom` objects can participate in cycles:" +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`!Custom` 示例的第二个版本中，我们允许任意类型的对象存储到 :attr:`!first` 或 :attr:`!last` " +"属性中 [#]_。 此外，在第二和第三个版本中，我们还允许子类化 :class:`!Custom`，并且子类可以添加任意属性。 " +"出于这两个原因中的任何一个，:class:`!Custom` 对象都可以加入循环：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:673 +msgid "" +">>> import custom3\n" +">>> class Derived(custom3.Custom): pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> n = Derived()\n" +">>> n.some_attribute = n" +msgstr "" +">>> import custom3\n" +">>> class Derived(custom3.Custom): pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> n = Derived()\n" +">>> n.some_attribute = n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:681 +msgid "" +"To allow a :class:`!Custom` instance participating in a reference cycle to " +"be properly detected and collected by the cyclic GC, our :class:`!Custom` " +"type needs to fill two additional slots and to enable a flag that enables " +"these slots:" +msgstr "" +"要允许一个加入引用循环的 :class:`!Custom` 实例能被循环 GC 正确检测和收集，我们的 :class:`!Custom` " +"类型需要填充两个额外的槽位并增加一个旗标来启用这些槽位：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:685 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"#include /* for offsetof() */\n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_traverse(CustomObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->first);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_clear(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->first);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" Custom_clear(self);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|UUi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(first));\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(last));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getfirst(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->first);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setfirst(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the first attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The first attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getlast(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setlast(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the last attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The last attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyGetSetDef Custom_getsetters[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", (getter) Custom_getfirst, (setter) Custom_setfirst,\n" +" \"first name\", NULL},\n" +" {\"last\", (getter) Custom_getlast, (setter) Custom_setlast,\n" +" \"last name\", NULL},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom4.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,\n" +" .tp_new = Custom_new,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_traverse = (traverseproc) Custom_traverse,\n" +" .tp_clear = (inquiry) Custom_clear,\n" +" .tp_members = Custom_members,\n" +" .tp_methods = Custom_methods,\n" +" .tp_getset = Custom_getsetters,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom4\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom4(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"#include /* for offsetof() */\n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyObject_HEAD\n" +" PyObject *first; /* first name */\n" +" PyObject *last; /* last name */\n" +" int number;\n" +"} CustomObject;\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_traverse(CustomObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->first);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_clear(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->first);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" Custom_clear(self);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" CustomObject *self;\n" +" self = (CustomObject *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);\n" +" if (self != NULL) {\n" +" self->first = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->first == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->last = PyUnicode_FromString(\"\");\n" +" if (self->last == NULL) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(self);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" self->number = 0;\n" +" }\n" +" return (PyObject *) self;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_init(CustomObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" static char *kwlist[] = {\"first\", \"last\", \"number\", NULL};\n" +" PyObject *first = NULL, *last = NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, \"|UUi\", kwlist,\n" +" &first, &last,\n" +" &self->number))\n" +" return -1;\n" +"\n" +" if (first) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(first));\n" +" }\n" +" if (last) {\n" +" Py_SETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(last));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMemberDef Custom_members[] = {\n" +" {\"number\", Py_T_INT, offsetof(CustomObject, number), 0,\n" +" \"custom number\"},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getfirst(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->first);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setfirst(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the first attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The first attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->first, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_getlast(CustomObject *self, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" return Py_NewRef(self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"Custom_setlast(CustomObject *self, PyObject *value, void *closure)\n" +"{\n" +" if (value == NULL) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, \"Cannot delete the last attribute\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" if (!PyUnicode_Check(value)) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,\n" +" \"The last attribute value must be a string\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" Py_XSETREF(self->last, Py_NewRef(value));\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyGetSetDef Custom_getsetters[] = {\n" +" {\"first\", (getter) Custom_getfirst, (setter) Custom_setfirst,\n" +" \"first name\", NULL},\n" +" {\"last\", (getter) Custom_getlast, (setter) Custom_setlast,\n" +" \"last name\", NULL},\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"Custom_name(CustomObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))\n" +"{\n" +" return PyUnicode_FromFormat(\"%S %S\", self->first, self->last);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef Custom_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"name\", (PyCFunction) Custom_name, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" \"Return the name, combining the first and last name\"\n" +" },\n" +" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject CustomType = {\n" +" .ob_base = PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"custom4.Custom\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"Custom objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CustomObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,\n" +" .tp_new = Custom_new,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) Custom_init,\n" +" .tp_dealloc = (destructor) Custom_dealloc,\n" +" .tp_traverse = (traverseproc) Custom_traverse,\n" +" .tp_clear = (inquiry) Custom_clear,\n" +" .tp_members = Custom_members,\n" +" .tp_methods = Custom_methods,\n" +" .tp_getset = Custom_getsetters,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef custommodule = {\n" +" .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"custom4\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_custom4(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&CustomType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&custommodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"Custom\", (PyObject *) &CustomType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:688 +msgid "" +"First, the traversal method lets the cyclic GC know about subobjects that " +"could participate in cycles::" +msgstr "首先，遍历方法让循环 GC 知道能够参加循环的子对象::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:691 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_traverse(CustomObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" int vret;\n" +" if (self->first) {\n" +" vret = visit(self->first, arg);\n" +" if (vret != 0)\n" +" return vret;\n" +" }\n" +" if (self->last) {\n" +" vret = visit(self->last, arg);\n" +" if (vret != 0)\n" +" return vret;\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_traverse(CustomObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" int vret;\n" +" if (self->first) {\n" +" vret = visit(self->first, arg);\n" +" if (vret != 0)\n" +" return vret;\n" +" }\n" +" if (self->last) {\n" +" vret = visit(self->last, arg);\n" +" if (vret != 0)\n" +" return vret;\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:708 +msgid "" +"For each subobject that can participate in cycles, we need to call the " +":c:func:`!visit` function, which is passed to the traversal method. The " +":c:func:`!visit` function takes as arguments the subobject and the extra " +"argument *arg* passed to the traversal method. It returns an integer value " +"that must be returned if it is non-zero." +msgstr "" +"对于每个可以加入循环的子对象，我们都需要调用 :c:func:`!visit` 函数，它会被传递给遍历方法。 :c:func:`!visit` " +"函数接受该子对象和传递给遍历方法的额外参数 *arg* 作为其参数。 它返回一个在其为非零值时必须被返回的整数值。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Python provides a :c:func:`Py_VISIT` macro that automates calling visit " +"functions. With :c:func:`Py_VISIT`, we can minimize the amount of " +"boilerplate in ``Custom_traverse``::" +msgstr "" +"Python 提供了一个可自动调用 visit 函数的 :c:func:`Py_VISIT` 宏。 使用 " +":c:func:`Py_VISIT`，我们可以最小化 ``Custom_traverse`` 中的准备工作量::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:718 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_traverse(CustomObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->first);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_traverse(CustomObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->first);\n" +" Py_VISIT(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:727 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` implementation must name its " +"arguments exactly *visit* and *arg* in order to use :c:func:`Py_VISIT`." +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 实现必须将其参数准确命名为 *visit* 和 *arg* 以便使用 " +":c:func:`Py_VISIT`。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:730 +msgid "" +"Second, we need to provide a method for clearing any subobjects that can " +"participate in cycles::" +msgstr "第二，我们需要提供一个方法用来清除任何可以参加循环的子对象::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:733 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_clear(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->first);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"Custom_clear(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->first);\n" +" Py_CLEAR(self->last);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:741 +msgid "" +"Notice the use of the :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` macro. It is the recommended and " +"safe way to clear data attributes of arbitrary types while decrementing " +"their reference counts. If you were to call :c:func:`Py_XDECREF` instead on" +" the attribute before setting it to ``NULL``, there is a possibility that " +"the attribute's destructor would call back into code that reads the " +"attribute again (*especially* if there is a reference cycle)." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` 宏的使用。 它是清除任意类型的数据属性并减少其引用计数的推荐的且安全的方式。 如果你要选择在将属性设为 " +"``NULL`` 之间在属性上调用 :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`，则属性的析构器有可能会回调再次读取该属性的代码 (*特别是* " +"如果存在引用循环的话)。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:749 +msgid "You could emulate :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` by writing::" +msgstr "你可以通过以下写法来模拟 :c:func:`Py_CLEAR`::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:751 +msgid "" +"PyObject *tmp;\n" +"tmp = self->first;\n" +"self->first = NULL;\n" +"Py_XDECREF(tmp);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *tmp;\n" +"tmp = self->first;\n" +"self->first = NULL;\n" +"Py_XDECREF(tmp);" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Nevertheless, it is much easier and less error-prone to always use " +":c:func:`Py_CLEAR` when deleting an attribute. Don't try to micro-optimize " +"at the expense of robustness!" +msgstr "" +"无论如何，在删除属性时始终使用Nevertheless, it is much easier and less error-prone to " +"always use :c:func:`Py_CLEAR` 都是更简单且更不易出错的。 请不要尝试以健壮性为代价的微小优化！" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:760 +msgid "" +"The deallocator ``Custom_dealloc`` may call arbitrary code when clearing " +"attributes. It means the circular GC can be triggered inside the function. " +"Since the GC assumes reference count is not zero, we need to untrack the " +"object from the GC by calling :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` before clearing " +"members. Here is our reimplemented deallocator using " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` and ``Custom_clear``::" +msgstr "" +"释放器 ``Custom_dealloc`` 可能会在清除属性时调用任意代码。 这意味着循环 GC 可以在函数内部被触发。 由于 GC " +"预期引用计数不为零，我们需要通过调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` 来让 GC 停止追踪相关的对象。 下面是我们使用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` 和 ``Custom_clear`` 重新实现的释放器::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:767 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" Custom_clear(self);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"Custom_dealloc(CustomObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" Custom_clear(self);\n" +" Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *) self);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:775 +msgid "" +"Finally, we add the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag to the class flags::" +msgstr "最后，我们将 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标添加到类旗标中::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:777 +msgid "" +".tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC," +msgstr "" +".tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC," + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:779 +msgid "" +"That's pretty much it. If we had written custom " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` or :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` " +"handlers, we'd need to modify them for cyclic garbage collection. Most " +"extensions will use the versions automatically provided." +msgstr "" +"这样就差不多了。 如果我们编写了自定义的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 或 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` 处理器，则我们需要针对循环垃圾回收来修改它。 大多数扩展都将使用自动提供的版本。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:785 +msgid "Subclassing other types" +msgstr "子类化其他类型" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:787 +msgid "" +"It is possible to create new extension types that are derived from existing " +"types. It is easiest to inherit from the built in types, since an extension " +"can easily use the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` it needs. It can be difficult to " +"share these :c:type:`PyTypeObject` structures between extension modules." +msgstr "" +"创建派生自现有类型的新类型是有可能的。 最容易的做法是从内置类型继承，因为扩展可以方便地使用它所需要的 :c:type:`PyTypeObject`。 " +"在不同扩展模块之间共享这些 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 结构体则是困难的。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:792 +msgid "" +"In this example we will create a :class:`!SubList` type that inherits from " +"the built-in :class:`list` type. The new type will be completely compatible " +"with regular lists, but will have an additional :meth:`!increment` method " +"that increases an internal counter:" +msgstr "" +"在本例中我们将创建一个继承自内置 :class:`list` 类型的 :class:`!SubList` 类型。 " +"这个新类型将完全兼容常规列表，但将拥有一个额外的 :meth:`!increment` 方法用于递增内部计数器的值：" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:797 +msgid "" +">>> import sublist\n" +">>> s = sublist.SubList(range(3))\n" +">>> s.extend(s)\n" +">>> print(len(s))\n" +"6\n" +">>> print(s.increment())\n" +"1\n" +">>> print(s.increment())\n" +"2" +msgstr "" +">>> import sublist\n" +">>> s = sublist.SubList(range(3))\n" +">>> s.extend(s)\n" +">>> print(len(s))\n" +"6\n" +">>> print(s.increment())\n" +"1\n" +">>> print(s.increment())\n" +"2" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:809 +msgid "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyListObject list;\n" +" int state;\n" +"} SubListObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"SubList_increment(SubListObject *self, PyObject *unused)\n" +"{\n" +" self->state++;\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(self->state);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef SubList_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"increment\", (PyCFunction) SubList_increment, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" PyDoc_STR(\"increment state counter\")},\n" +" {NULL},\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"SubList_init(SubListObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" if (PyList_Type.tp_init((PyObject *) self, args, kwds) < 0)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" self->state = 0;\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject SubListType = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"sublist.SubList\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"SubList objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(SubListObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) SubList_init,\n" +" .tp_methods = SubList_methods,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef sublistmodule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"sublist\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_sublist(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" SubListType.tp_base = &PyList_Type;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&SubListType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&sublistmodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"SubList\", (PyObject *) &SubListType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" +"#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN\n" +"#include \n" +"\n" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyListObject list;\n" +" int state;\n" +"} SubListObject;\n" +"\n" +"static PyObject *\n" +"SubList_increment(SubListObject *self, PyObject *unused)\n" +"{\n" +" self->state++;\n" +" return PyLong_FromLong(self->state);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef SubList_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"increment\", (PyCFunction) SubList_increment, METH_NOARGS,\n" +" PyDoc_STR(\"increment state counter\")},\n" +" {NULL},\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"SubList_init(SubListObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" if (PyList_Type.tp_init((PyObject *) self, args, kwds) < 0)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" self->state = 0;\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PyTypeObject SubListType = {\n" +" PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)\n" +" .tp_name = \"sublist.SubList\",\n" +" .tp_doc = PyDoc_STR(\"SubList objects\"),\n" +" .tp_basicsize = sizeof(SubListObject),\n" +" .tp_itemsize = 0,\n" +" .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,\n" +" .tp_init = (initproc) SubList_init,\n" +" .tp_methods = SubList_methods,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static PyModuleDef sublistmodule = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_name = \"sublist\",\n" +" .m_doc = \"Example module that creates an extension type.\",\n" +" .m_size = -1,\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_sublist(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m;\n" +" SubListType.tp_base = &PyList_Type;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&SubListType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&sublistmodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"SubList\", (PyObject *) &SubListType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}\n" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:812 +msgid "" +"As you can see, the source code closely resembles the :class:`!Custom` " +"examples in previous sections. We will break down the main differences " +"between them. ::" +msgstr "如你所见，此源代码与之前几节中的 :class:`!Custom` 示例非常相似。 我们将逐一分析它们之间的主要区别。 ::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:815 +msgid "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyListObject list;\n" +" int state;\n" +"} SubListObject;" +msgstr "" +"typedef struct {\n" +" PyListObject list;\n" +" int state;\n" +"} SubListObject;" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:820 +msgid "" +"The primary difference for derived type objects is that the base type's " +"object structure must be the first value. The base type will already " +"include the :c:func:`PyObject_HEAD` at the beginning of its structure." +msgstr "" +"派生类型对象的主要差异在于基类型的对象结构体必须是第一个值。 基类型将已经在其结构体的开头包括了 :c:func:`PyObject_HEAD`。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:824 +msgid "" +"When a Python object is a :class:`!SubList` instance, its ``PyObject *`` " +"pointer can be safely cast to both ``PyListObject *`` and ``SubListObject " +"*``::" +msgstr "" +"当一个 Python 对象是 :class:`!SubList` 的实例时，它的 ``PyObject *`` 指针可以被安全地强制转换为 " +"``PyListObject *`` 和 ``SubListObject *``::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:827 +msgid "" +"static int\n" +"SubList_init(SubListObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" if (PyList_Type.tp_init((PyObject *) self, args, kwds) < 0)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" self->state = 0;\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int\n" +"SubList_init(SubListObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)\n" +"{\n" +" if (PyList_Type.tp_init((PyObject *) self, args, kwds) < 0)\n" +" return -1;\n" +" self->state = 0;\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:836 +msgid "" +"We see above how to call through to the :meth:`~object.__init__` method of " +"the base type." +msgstr "我们可以在上面看到如何将调用传递到基类型的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:839 +msgid "" +"This pattern is important when writing a type with custom " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` " +"members. The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` handler should not actually " +"create the memory for the object with its " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc`, but let the base class handle it by " +"calling its own :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`." +msgstr "" +"这个模式在编写具有自定义 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 成员的类型时很重要。 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 处理器不应为具有 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc`" +" 的对象实际分配内存，而是让基类通过调用自己的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 来处理它。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:845 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`PyTypeObject` struct supports a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` specifying the type's concrete base class." +" Due to cross-platform compiler issues, you can't fill that field directly " +"with a reference to :c:type:`PyList_Type`; it should be done later in the " +"module initialization function::" +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyTypeObject` 支持用 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` 指定类型的实体基类。 " +"由于跨平台编译器问题，你无法使用对 :c:type:`PyList_Type` 的引用来直接填充该字段；它应当随后在模块初始化函数中完成::" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:851 +msgid "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_sublist(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject* m;\n" +" SubListType.tp_base = &PyList_Type;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&SubListType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&sublistmodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"SubList\", (PyObject *) &SubListType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_sublist(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject* m;\n" +" SubListType.tp_base = &PyList_Type;\n" +" if (PyType_Ready(&SubListType) < 0)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" m = PyModule_Create(&sublistmodule);\n" +" if (m == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"\n" +" if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, \"SubList\", (PyObject *) &SubListType) < 0) {\n" +" Py_DECREF(m);\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:871 +msgid "" +"Before calling :c:func:`PyType_Ready`, the type structure must have the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` slot filled in. When we are deriving an " +"existing type, it is not necessary to fill out the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot with :c:func:`PyType_GenericNew` -- " +"the allocation function from the base type will be inherited." +msgstr "" +"在调用 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 之前，类型结构体必须已经填充 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` " +"槽位。 当我们从现有类型派生时，它不需要将 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 槽位填充为 " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericNew` -- 来自基类型的分配函数将会被继承。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:877 +msgid "" +"After that, calling :c:func:`PyType_Ready` and adding the type object to the" +" module is the same as with the basic :class:`!Custom` examples." +msgstr "" +"在那之后，调用 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 并将类型对象添加到模块中的过程与基本的 :class:`!Custom` 示例是一样的。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:882 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "脚注" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:883 +msgid "" +"This is true when we know that the object is a basic type, like a string or " +"a float." +msgstr "当我们知道该对象属于基本类型，如字符串或浮点数时情况就是如此。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:886 +msgid "" +"We relied on this in the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler in " +"this example, because our type doesn't support garbage collection." +msgstr "" +"在本示例中我们需要 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 处理器中的这一机制，因为我们的类型不支持垃圾回收。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:889 +msgid "" +"We now know that the first and last members are strings, so perhaps we could" +" be less careful about decrementing their reference counts, however, we " +"accept instances of string subclasses. Even though deallocating normal " +"strings won't call back into our objects, we can't guarantee that " +"deallocating an instance of a string subclass won't call back into our " +"objects." +msgstr "" +"现在我们知道 first 和 last 成员都是字符串，因此也许我们可以对减少它们的引用计数不必太过小心，但是，我们还接受字符串子类的实例。 " +"即使释放普通字符串不会对我们的对象执行回调，我们也不能保证释放一个字符串子类的实例不会对我们的对象执行回调。" + +#: ../../extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst:895 +msgid "" +"Also, even with our attributes restricted to strings instances, the user " +"could pass arbitrary :class:`str` subclasses and therefore still create " +"reference cycles." +msgstr "而且，即使是将我们的属性限制为字符串实例，用户还是可以传入任意 :class:`str` 子类因而仍能造成引用循环。" diff --git a/extending/windows.po b/extending/windows.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58f5526c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/extending/windows.po @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:8 +msgid "Building C and C++ Extensions on Windows" +msgstr "在 Windows 上构建 C 和 C++ 扩展" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:10 +msgid "" +"This chapter briefly explains how to create a Windows extension module for " +"Python using Microsoft Visual C++, and follows with more detailed background" +" information on how it works. The explanatory material is useful for both " +"the Windows programmer learning to build Python extensions and the Unix " +"programmer interested in producing software which can be successfully built " +"on both Unix and Windows." +msgstr "" +"这一章简要介绍了如何使用 Microsoft Visual C++ 创建 Python 的 Windows " +"扩展模块，然后再提供有关其工作机理的详细背景信息。 这些说明材料同时适用于 Windows 程序员学习构建 Python 扩展以及 Unix " +"程序员学习如何生成在 Unix 和 Windows 上均能成功构建的软件。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Module authors are encouraged to use the distutils approach for building " +"extension modules, instead of the one described in this section. You will " +"still need the C compiler that was used to build Python; typically Microsoft" +" Visual C++." +msgstr "" +"鼓励模块作者使用 distutils 方式来构建扩展模块，而不使用本节所描述的方式。 你仍将需要使用 C 编译器来构建 Python；通常为 " +"Microsoft Visual C++。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This chapter mentions a number of filenames that include an encoded Python " +"version number. These filenames are represented with the version number " +"shown as ``XY``; in practice, ``'X'`` will be the major version number and " +"``'Y'`` will be the minor version number of the Python release you're " +"working with. For example, if you are using Python 2.2.1, ``XY`` will " +"actually be ``22``." +msgstr "" +"这一章提及了多个包括已编码 Python 版本号的文件名。 这些文件名以显示为 ``XY`` 的版本号来代表；在实践中，``'X'`` 将为你所使用的 " +"Python 发布版的主版本号而 ``'Y'`` 将为次版本号。 例如，如果你所使用的是 Python 2.2.1，``XY`` 将为 ``22``。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:34 +msgid "A Cookbook Approach" +msgstr "菜谱式说明" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:36 +msgid "" +"There are two approaches to building extension modules on Windows, just as " +"there are on Unix: use the ``setuptools`` package to control the build " +"process, or do things manually. The setuptools approach works well for most" +" extensions; documentation on using ``setuptools`` to build and package " +"extension modules is available in :ref:`setuptools-index`. If you find you " +"really need to do things manually, it may be instructive to study the " +"project file for the :source:`winsound ` standard " +"library module." +msgstr "" +"与在 Unix 上一样，在 Windows 上构造扩展模块也有两种方式：使用 ``setuptools`` 包来控制构建过程，或者全手动操作。 " +"setuptools 方式适用于大多数扩展；使用 ``setuptools`` 构建和打包扩展模块的文档见 :ref:`setuptools-" +"index`。 如果你发现你真的需要手动操作，那么研究一下 :source:`winsound ` " +"标准库模块的项目文件可能会很有帮助。standard library module." + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:48 +msgid "Differences Between Unix and Windows" +msgstr "Unix 和 Windows 之间的差异" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Unix and Windows use completely different paradigms for run-time loading of " +"code. Before you try to build a module that can be dynamically loaded, be " +"aware of how your system works." +msgstr "" +"Unix 和 Windows 对于代码的运行时加载使用了完全不同的范式。 在你尝试构建可动态加载的模块之前，要先了解你所用系统是如何工作的。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:57 +msgid "" +"In Unix, a shared object (:file:`.so`) file contains code to be used by the " +"program, and also the names of functions and data that it expects to find in" +" the program. When the file is joined to the program, all references to " +"those functions and data in the file's code are changed to point to the " +"actual locations in the program where the functions and data are placed in " +"memory. This is basically a link operation." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 中，一个共享对象 (:file:`.so`) 文件中包含将由程序来使用的代码，也包含在程序中可被找到的函数名称和数据。 " +"当文件被合并到程序中时，对在文件代码中这些函数和数据的全部引用都会被改为指向程序中函数和数据在内存中所放置的实际位置。 这基本上是一个链接操作。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:64 +msgid "" +"In Windows, a dynamic-link library (:file:`.dll`) file has no dangling " +"references. Instead, an access to functions or data goes through a lookup " +"table. So the DLL code does not have to be fixed up at runtime to refer to " +"the program's memory; instead, the code already uses the DLL's lookup table," +" and the lookup table is modified at runtime to point to the functions and " +"data." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 中，一个动态链接库 (:file:`.dll`) 文件中没有悬挂的引用。 而是通过一个查找表执行对函数或数据的访问。 因此在运行时 " +"DLL 代码不必在运行时进行修改；相反地，代码已经使用了 DLL 的查找表，并且在运行时查找表会被修改以指向特定的函数和数据。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:70 +msgid "" +"In Unix, there is only one type of library file (:file:`.a`) which contains " +"code from several object files (:file:`.o`). During the link step to create" +" a shared object file (:file:`.so`), the linker may find that it doesn't " +"know where an identifier is defined. The linker will look for it in the " +"object files in the libraries; if it finds it, it will include all the code " +"from that object file." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 中，只存在一种库文件 (:file:`.a`)，它包含来自多个对象文件 (:file:`.o`) 的代码。 在创建共享对象文件 " +"(:file:`.so`) 的链接阶段，链接器可能会发现它不知道某个标识符是在哪里定义的。 " +"链接器将在各个库的对象文件中查找它；如果找到了它，链接器将会包括来自该对象文件的所有代码。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:76 +msgid "" +"In Windows, there are two types of library, a static library and an import " +"library (both called :file:`.lib`). A static library is like a Unix " +":file:`.a` file; it contains code to be included as necessary. An import " +"library is basically used only to reassure the linker that a certain " +"identifier is legal, and will be present in the program when the DLL is " +"loaded. So the linker uses the information from the import library to build" +" the lookup table for using identifiers that are not included in the DLL. " +"When an application or a DLL is linked, an import library may be generated, " +"which will need to be used for all future DLLs that depend on the symbols in" +" the application or DLL." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 中，存在两种库类型，静态库和导入库 (扩展名都是 :file:`.lib`)。 静态库类似于 Unix 的 :file:`.a` " +"文件；它包含在必要时可被包括的代码。 导入库基本上仅用于让链接器能确保特定标识符是合法的，并且将在 DLL 被加载时出现于程序中。 " +"这样链接器可使用来自导入库的信息构建查找表以便使用未包括在 DLL 中的标识符。 当一个应用程序或 DLL " +"被链接时，可能会生成一个导入库，它将需要被用于应用程序或 DLL 中未来所有依赖于这些符号的 DLL。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Suppose you are building two dynamic-load modules, B and C, which should " +"share another block of code A. On Unix, you would *not* pass :file:`A.a` to" +" the linker for :file:`B.so` and :file:`C.so`; that would cause it to be " +"included twice, so that B and C would each have their own copy. In Windows," +" building :file:`A.dll` will also build :file:`A.lib`. You *do* pass " +":file:`A.lib` to the linker for B and C. :file:`A.lib` does not contain " +"code; it just contains information which will be used at runtime to access " +"A's code." +msgstr "" +"假设你正在编译两个动态加载模块 B 和 C，它们应当共享另一个代码块 A。 在 Unix 上，你 *不应* 将 :file:`A.a` 传给链接器作为 " +":file:`B.so` 和 :file:`C.so`；那会导致它被包括两次，这样 B 和 C 将分别拥有它们自己的副本。 在 Windows 上，编译" +" :file:`A.dll` 将同时编译 :file:`A.lib`。 你 *应当* 将 :file:`A.lib` 传给链接器用于 B 和 C。 " +":file:`A.lib` 并不包含代码；它只包含将在运行时被用于访问 A 的代码的信息。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:94 +msgid "" +"In Windows, using an import library is sort of like using ``import spam``; " +"it gives you access to spam's names, but does not create a separate copy. " +"On Unix, linking with a library is more like ``from spam import *``; it does" +" create a separate copy." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，使用导入库有点像是使用 ``import spam``；它让你可以访问 spam 中的名称，但并不会创建一个单独副本。 在 " +"Unix 上，链接到一个库更像是 ``from spam import *``；它会创建一个单独副本。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:103 +msgid "Using DLLs in Practice" +msgstr "DLL 的实际使用" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Windows Python is built in Microsoft Visual C++; using other compilers may " +"or may not work. The rest of this section is MSVC++ specific." +msgstr "" +"Windows Python 是在 Microsoft Visual C++ 中构建的；使用其他编译器可能会也可能不会工作。本节的其余部分是针对 " +"MSVC++ 的。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:111 +msgid "" +"When creating DLLs in Windows, you must pass :file:`pythonXY.lib` to the " +"linker. To build two DLLs, spam and ni (which uses C functions found in " +"spam), you could use these commands::" +msgstr "" +"当在 Windows 中创建 DLL 时，你必须将 :file:`pythonXY.lib` 传给链接器。 要编译两个 DLL，spam 和 ni " +"(会使用 spam 中找到的 C 函数)，你应当使用以下命令::" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:115 +msgid "" +"cl /LD /I/python/include spam.c ../libs/pythonXY.lib\n" +"cl /LD /I/python/include ni.c spam.lib ../libs/pythonXY.lib" +msgstr "" +"cl /LD /I/python/include spam.c ../libs/pythonXY.lib\n" +"cl /LD /I/python/include ni.c spam.lib ../libs/pythonXY.lib" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The first command created three files: :file:`spam.obj`, :file:`spam.dll` " +"and :file:`spam.lib`. :file:`Spam.dll` does not contain any Python " +"functions (such as :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`), but it does know how to find" +" the Python code thanks to :file:`pythonXY.lib`." +msgstr "" +"第一条命令创建了三个文件: :file:`spam.obj`, :file:`spam.dll` 和 :file:`spam.lib`。 " +":file:`Spam.dll` 不包含任何 Python 函数 (例如 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`)，但它通过 " +":file:`pythonXY.lib` 可以知道如何找到所需的 Python 代码。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The second command created :file:`ni.dll` (and :file:`.obj` and " +":file:`.lib`), which knows how to find the necessary functions from spam, " +"and also from the Python executable." +msgstr "" +"第二条命令创建了 :file:`ni.dll` (以及 :file:`.obj` 和 :file:`.lib`)，它知道如何从 spam 以及 " +"Python 可执行文件中找到所需的函数。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Not every identifier is exported to the lookup table. If you want any other" +" modules (including Python) to be able to see your identifiers, you have to " +"say ``_declspec(dllexport)``, as in ``void _declspec(dllexport) " +"initspam(void)`` or ``PyObject _declspec(dllexport) *NiGetSpamData(void)``." +msgstr "" +"不是每个标识符都会被导出到查找表。 如果你想要任何其他模块（包括 Python）都能看到你的标识符，你必须写上 " +"``_declspec(dllexport)``，就如在 ``void _declspec(dllexport) initspam(void)`` 或 " +"``PyObject _declspec(dllexport) *NiGetSpamData(void)`` 中一样。" + +#: ../../extending/windows.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Developer Studio will throw in a lot of import libraries that you do not " +"really need, adding about 100K to your executable. To get rid of them, use " +"the Project Settings dialog, Link tab, to specify *ignore default " +"libraries*. Add the correct :file:`msvcrt{xx}.lib` to the list of " +"libraries." +msgstr "" +"Developer Studio 会添加很多你并不真正需要的导入库，命名你的可执行文件大小增加约 100K。 " +"要摆脱它们，请使用项目设置对话框中的链接选项卡指定 *忽略默认库*。 将正确的 :file:`msvcrt{xx}.lib` 添加到库列表中。" diff --git a/faq/design.po b/faq/design.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b41fa6017 --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/design.po @@ -0,0 +1,1475 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# Crowing Midnight, 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Crowing Midnight, 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:3 +msgid "Design and History FAQ" +msgstr "设计和历史常见问题" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:6 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:11 +msgid "Why does Python use indentation for grouping of statements?" +msgstr "为什么 Python 使用缩进来分组语句？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Guido van Rossum believes that using indentation for grouping is extremely " +"elegant and contributes a lot to the clarity of the average Python program. " +"Most people learn to love this feature after a while." +msgstr "" +"Guido van Rossum 认为使用缩进进行分组非常优雅，并且大大提高了普通 Python 程序的清晰度。 " +"大多数人在一段时间后就会喜欢上这个特性。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Since there are no begin/end brackets there cannot be a disagreement between" +" grouping perceived by the parser and the human reader. Occasionally C " +"programmers will encounter a fragment of code like this::" +msgstr "由于没有开始/结束括号，因此解析器感知的分组与人类读者之间不会存在分歧。 偶尔 C 程序员会遇到像这样的代码片段::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:21 +msgid "" +"if (x <= y)\n" +" x++;\n" +" y--;\n" +"z++;" +msgstr "" +"if (x <= y)\n" +" x++;\n" +" y--;\n" +"z++;" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Only the ``x++`` statement is executed if the condition is true, but the " +"indentation leads many to believe otherwise. Even experienced C programmers" +" will sometimes stare at it a long time wondering as to why ``y`` is being " +"decremented even for ``x > y``." +msgstr "" +"如果条件为真，则只执行 ``x++`` 语句，但缩进会使你认为情况并非如此。 即使是经验丰富的 C 程序员有时也会长久地盯着它发呆，不明白为什么在 " +"``x > y`` 时 ``y`` 也会减少。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Because there are no begin/end brackets, Python is much less prone to " +"coding-style conflicts. In C there are many different ways to place the " +"braces. After becoming used to reading and writing code using a particular " +"style, it is normal to feel somewhat uneasy when reading (or being required " +"to write) in a different one." +msgstr "" +"因为没有开始/结束花括号，所以 Python 更不容易发生代码风格冲突。 在 C 中有许多不同的放置花括号的方式。 " +"在习惯了阅读和编写某种特定风格的代码之后，当阅读（或被要求编写）另一种风格的代码时通常都会令人感觉有点不舒服）。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Many coding styles place begin/end brackets on a line by themselves. This " +"makes programs considerably longer and wastes valuable screen space, making " +"it harder to get a good overview of a program. Ideally, a function should " +"fit on one screen (say, 20--30 lines). 20 lines of Python can do a lot more" +" work than 20 lines of C. This is not solely due to the lack of begin/end " +"brackets -- the lack of declarations and the high-level data types are also " +"responsible -- but the indentation-based syntax certainly helps." +msgstr "" +"许多编码风格将开始/结束括号单独放在一行上。这使得程序相当长，浪费了宝贵的屏幕空间，使得更难以对程序进行全面的了解。 " +"理想情况下，函数应该适合一个屏幕（例如，20--30行）。 20 行 Python 可以完成比 20 行 C 更多的工作。 " +"这不仅仅是由于没有开始/结束括号 -- 无需声明以及高层级的数据类型也是其中的原因 -- 但基于缩进的语法肯定有帮助。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:48 +msgid "Why am I getting strange results with simple arithmetic operations?" +msgstr "为什么简单的算术运算得到奇怪的结果？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:50 +msgid "See the next question." +msgstr "请看下一个问题。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:54 +msgid "Why are floating-point calculations so inaccurate?" +msgstr "为什么浮点计算不准确？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:56 +msgid "Users are often surprised by results like this::" +msgstr "用户经常对这样的结果感到惊讶::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:58 +msgid "" +">>> 1.2 - 1.0\n" +"0.19999999999999996" +msgstr "" +">>> 1.2 - 1.0\n" +"0.19999999999999996" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:61 +msgid "" +"and think it is a bug in Python. It's not. This has little to do with " +"Python, and much more to do with how the underlying platform handles " +"floating-point numbers." +msgstr "并且认为这是 Python 中的一个 bug。其实不是这样。这与 Python 关系不大，而与底层平台如何处理浮点数字关系更大。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The :class:`float` type in CPython uses a C ``double`` for storage. A " +":class:`float` object's value is stored in binary floating-point with a " +"fixed precision (typically 53 bits) and Python uses C operations, which in " +"turn rely on the hardware implementation in the processor, to perform " +"floating-point operations. This means that as far as floating-point " +"operations are concerned, Python behaves like many popular languages " +"including C and Java." +msgstr "" +"CPython 中的 :class:`float` 类型使用C语言的 ``double`` 类型进行存储。 :class:`float` " +"对象的值是以固定的精度（通常为 53 位）存储的二进制浮点数，由于 Python 使用 C 操作，而后者依赖于处理器中的硬件实现来执行浮点运算。 " +"这意味着就浮点运算而言，Python 的行为类似于许多流行的语言，包括 C 和 Java。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Many numbers that can be written easily in decimal notation cannot be " +"expressed exactly in binary floating point. For example, after::" +msgstr "许多可以轻松地用十进制表示的数字不能用二进制浮点表示。 例如，在输入以下语句后::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:75 +msgid ">>> x = 1.2" +msgstr ">>> x = 1.2" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:77 +msgid "" +"the value stored for ``x`` is a (very good) approximation to the decimal " +"value ``1.2``, but is not exactly equal to it. On a typical machine, the " +"actual stored value is::" +msgstr "为 ``x`` 存储的值是与十进制的值 ``1.2`` (非常接近) 的近似值，但不完全等于它。 在典型的机器上，实际存储的值是：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:81 +msgid "1.0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011 (binary)" +msgstr "1.0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011 (二进制)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:83 +msgid "which is exactly::" +msgstr "它对应于十进制数值::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:85 +msgid "1.1999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875 (decimal)" +msgstr "1.1999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875 (十进制)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:87 +msgid "" +"The typical precision of 53 bits provides Python floats with 15--16 decimal " +"digits of accuracy." +msgstr "典型的 53 位精度为 Python 浮点数提供了 15-16 位小数的精度。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:90 +msgid "" +"For a fuller explanation, please see the :ref:`floating-point arithmetic " +"` chapter in the Python tutorial." +msgstr "要获得更完整的解释，请参阅 Python 教程中的 :ref:`浮点算术 ` 一章。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:95 +msgid "Why are Python strings immutable?" +msgstr "为什么Python字符串是不可变的？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:97 +msgid "There are several advantages." +msgstr "有几个优点。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:99 +msgid "" +"One is performance: knowing that a string is immutable means we can allocate" +" space for it at creation time, and the storage requirements are fixed and " +"unchanging. This is also one of the reasons for the distinction between " +"tuples and lists." +msgstr "一个是性能：知道字符串是不可变的，意味着我们可以在创建时为它分配空间，并且存储需求是固定不变的。这也是元组和列表之间区别的原因之一。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Another advantage is that strings in Python are considered as \"elemental\" " +"as numbers. No amount of activity will change the value 8 to anything else," +" and in Python, no amount of activity will change the string \"eight\" to " +"anything else." +msgstr "" +"另一个优点是，Python 中的字符串被视为与数字一样“基本”。 任何动作都不会将值 8 更改为其他值，在 Python 中，任何动作都不会将字符串 " +"\"8\" 更改为其他值。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:112 +msgid "Why must 'self' be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?" +msgstr "为什么必须在方法定义和调用中显式使用“self”？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:114 +msgid "" +"The idea was borrowed from Modula-3. It turns out to be very useful, for a " +"variety of reasons." +msgstr "这个想法借鉴了 Modula-3 语言。 出于多种原因它被证明是非常有用的。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:117 +msgid "" +"First, it's more obvious that you are using a method or instance attribute " +"instead of a local variable. Reading ``self.x`` or ``self.meth()`` makes it" +" absolutely clear that an instance variable or method is used even if you " +"don't know the class definition by heart. In C++, you can sort of tell by " +"the lack of a local variable declaration (assuming globals are rare or " +"easily recognizable) -- but in Python, there are no local variable " +"declarations, so you'd have to look up the class definition to be sure. " +"Some C++ and Java coding standards call for instance attributes to have an " +"``m_`` prefix, so this explicitness is still useful in those languages, too." +msgstr "" +"首先，更明显的显示出，使用的是方法或实例属性而不是局部变量。 阅读 ``self.x`` 或 ``self.meth()`` " +"可以清楚地表明，即使您不知道类的定义，也会使用实例变量或方法。在 C++ 中，可以通过缺少局部变量声明来判断（假设全局变量很少见或容易识别） —— " +"但是在 Python 中没有局部变量声明，所以必须查找类定义才能确定。 一些 C++ 和 Java 编码标准要求实例属性具有 ``m_`` " +"前缀，因此这种显式性在这些语言中仍然有用。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Second, it means that no special syntax is necessary if you want to " +"explicitly reference or call the method from a particular class. In C++, if" +" you want to use a method from a base class which is overridden in a derived" +" class, you have to use the ``::`` operator -- in Python you can write " +"``baseclass.methodname(self, )``. This is particularly " +"useful for :meth:`~object.__init__` methods, and in general in cases where a" +" derived class method wants to extend the base class method of the same name" +" and thus has to call the base class method somehow." +msgstr "" +"其次，这意味着当要显式引用或从特定类调用该方法时无须特殊语法。 在 C++ 中，如果你想要使用在派生类中被重写的基类方法，你必须使用 ``::`` " +"运算符 -- 在 Python 中你可以写成 ``baseclass.methodname(self, )``。 " +"这特别适用于 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法，并且也适用于派生类方法想要扩展同名的基类方式因而必须以某种方式调用基类方法的情况。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Finally, for instance variables it solves a syntactic problem with " +"assignment: since local variables in Python are (by definition!) those " +"variables to which a value is assigned in a function body (and that aren't " +"explicitly declared global), there has to be some way to tell the " +"interpreter that an assignment was meant to assign to an instance variable " +"instead of to a local variable, and it should preferably be syntactic (for " +"efficiency reasons). C++ does this through declarations, but Python doesn't" +" have declarations and it would be a pity having to introduce them just for " +"this purpose. Using the explicit ``self.var`` solves this nicely. " +"Similarly, for using instance variables, having to write ``self.var`` means " +"that references to unqualified names inside a method don't have to search " +"the instance's directories. To put it another way, local variables and " +"instance variables live in two different namespaces, and you need to tell " +"Python which namespace to use." +msgstr "" +"最后，它解决了变量赋值的语法问题：为了 Python " +"中的局部变量（根据定义！）在函数体中赋值的那些变量（并且没有明确声明为全局）赋值，就必须以某种方式告诉解释器一个赋值是为了分配一个实例变量而不是一个局部变量，它最好是通过语法实现的（出于效率原因）。" +" C++ 通过声明来做到这一点，但是 Python 没有声明，仅仅为了这个目的而引入它们会很可惜。 使用显式的 ``self.var`` " +"很好地解决了这个问题。 类似地，对于使用实例变量，必须编写 ``self.var`` 意味着对方法内部的非限定名称的引用不必搜索实例的目录。 " +"换句话说，局部变量和实例变量存在于两个不同的命名空间中，您需要告诉 Python 使用哪个命名空间。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:154 +msgid "Why can't I use an assignment in an expression?" +msgstr "为什么不能在表达式中赋值？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:156 +msgid "Starting in Python 3.8, you can!" +msgstr "自 Python 3.8 开始，你能做到的！" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Assignment expressions using the walrus operator ``:=`` assign a variable in" +" an expression::" +msgstr "赋值表达式使用海象运算符 ``:=`` 在表达式中为变量赋值::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:161 +msgid "" +"while chunk := fp.read(200):\n" +" print(chunk)" +msgstr "" +"while chunk := fp.read(200):\n" +" print(chunk)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:164 +msgid "See :pep:`572` for more information." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`572` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Why does Python use methods for some functionality (e.g. list.index()) but " +"functions for other (e.g. len(list))?" +msgstr "为什么Python对某些功能（例如list.index()）使用方法来实现，而其他功能（例如len(List)）使用函数实现？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:171 +msgid "As Guido said:" +msgstr "正如Guido所说：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:173 +msgid "" +"(a) For some operations, prefix notation just reads better than postfix -- " +"prefix (and infix!) operations have a long tradition in mathematics which " +"likes notations where the visuals help the mathematician thinking about a " +"problem. Compare the easy with which we rewrite a formula like x*(a+b) into " +"x*a + x*b to the clumsiness of doing the same thing using a raw OO notation." +msgstr "" +"(a) 对于某些操作，前缀表示法比后缀更容易阅读 -- 前缀（和中缀！）运算在数学中有着悠久的传统，就像在视觉上帮助数学家思考问题的记法。比较一下我们将" +" x*(a+b) 这样的公式改写为 x*a+x*b 的容易程度，以及使用原始OO符号做相同事情的笨拙程度。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:180 +msgid "" +"(b) When I read code that says len(x) I *know* that it is asking for the " +"length of something. This tells me two things: the result is an integer, and" +" the argument is some kind of container. To the contrary, when I read " +"x.len(), I have to already know that x is some kind of container " +"implementing an interface or inheriting from a class that has a standard " +"len(). Witness the confusion we occasionally have when a class that is not " +"implementing a mapping has a get() or keys() method, or something that isn't" +" a file has a write() method." +msgstr "" +"(b) " +"当读到写有len(X)的代码时，就知道它要求的是某件东西的长度。这告诉我们两件事：结果是一个整数，参数是某种容器。相反，当阅读x.len()时，必须已经知道x是某种实现接口的容器，或者是从具有标准len()的类继承的容器。当没有实现映射的类有get()或key()方法，或者不是文件的类有write()方法时，我们偶尔会感到困惑。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:189 +msgid "" +"https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-3000/2006-November/004643.html" +msgstr "" +"https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-3000/2006-November/004643.html" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:193 +msgid "Why is join() a string method instead of a list or tuple method?" +msgstr "为什么 join() 是一个字符串方法而不是列表或元组方法？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Strings became much more like other standard types starting in Python 1.6, " +"when methods were added which give the same functionality that has always " +"been available using the functions of the string module. Most of these new " +"methods have been widely accepted, but the one which appears to make some " +"programmers feel uncomfortable is::" +msgstr "" +"从 Python 1.6 开始，字符串变得更像其他标准类型，当添加方法时，这些方法提供的功能与始终使用 String " +"模块的函数时提供的功能相同。这些新方法中的大多数已被广泛接受，但似乎让一些程序员感到不舒服的一种方法是：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:201 +msgid "\", \".join(['1', '2', '4', '8', '16'])" +msgstr "\", \".join(['1', '2', '4', '8', '16'])" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:203 +msgid "which gives the result::" +msgstr "结果如下::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:205 +msgid "\"1, 2, 4, 8, 16\"" +msgstr "\"1, 2, 4, 8, 16\"" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:207 +msgid "There are two common arguments against this usage." +msgstr "反对这种用法有两个常见的论点。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:209 +msgid "" +"The first runs along the lines of: \"It looks really ugly using a method of " +"a string literal (string constant)\", to which the answer is that it might, " +"but a string literal is just a fixed value. If the methods are to be allowed" +" on names bound to strings there is no logical reason to make them " +"unavailable on literals." +msgstr "" +"第一条是这样的：“使用字符串文本(String " +"Constant)的方法看起来真的很难看”，答案是也许吧，但是字符串文本只是一个固定值。如果在绑定到字符串的名称上允许使用这些方法，则没有逻辑上的理由使其在文字上不可用。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:215 +msgid "" +"The second objection is typically cast as: \"I am really telling a sequence " +"to join its members together with a string constant\". Sadly, you aren't. " +"For some reason there seems to be much less difficulty with having " +":meth:`~str.split` as a string method, since in that case it is easy to see " +"that ::" +msgstr "" +"第二个异议通常是这样的：“我实际上是在告诉序列使用字符串常量将其成员连接在一起”。遗憾的是并非如此。出于某种原因，把 " +":meth:`~str.split` 作为一个字符串方法似乎要容易得多，因为在这种情况下，很容易看到::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:220 +msgid "\"1, 2, 4, 8, 16\".split(\", \")" +msgstr "\"1, 2, 4, 8, 16\".split(\", \")" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:222 +msgid "" +"is an instruction to a string literal to return the substrings delimited by " +"the given separator (or, by default, arbitrary runs of white space)." +msgstr "是对字符串文本的指令，用于返回由给定分隔符分隔的子字符串（或在默认情况下，返回任意空格）。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:225 +msgid "" +":meth:`~str.join` is a string method because in using it you are telling the" +" separator string to iterate over a sequence of strings and insert itself " +"between adjacent elements. This method can be used with any argument which " +"obeys the rules for sequence objects, including any new classes you might " +"define yourself. Similar methods exist for bytes and bytearray objects." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~str.join` " +"是字符串方法，因为在使用该方法时，您告诉分隔符字符串去迭代一个字符串序列，并在相邻元素之间插入自身。此方法的参数可以是任何遵循序列规则的对象，包括您自己定义的任何新的类。对于字节和字节数组对象也有类似的方法。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:233 +msgid "How fast are exceptions?" +msgstr "异常有多快？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:235 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`try`/:keyword:`except` block is extremely efficient if no " +"exceptions are raised. Actually catching an exception is expensive. In " +"versions of Python prior to 2.0 it was common to use this idiom::" +msgstr "" +"如果没有引发异常则 :keyword:`try`/:keyword:`except` 代码块是非常高效的。 实际上捕获异常是很消耗性能的。 在 2.0 " +"之前的 Python 版本中通常使用这例程::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:240 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" value = mydict[key]\n" +"except KeyError:\n" +" mydict[key] = getvalue(key)\n" +" value = mydict[key]" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" value = mydict[key]\n" +"except KeyError:\n" +" mydict[key] = getvalue(key)\n" +" value = mydict[key]" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:246 +msgid "" +"This only made sense when you expected the dict to have the key almost all " +"the time. If that wasn't the case, you coded it like this::" +msgstr "只有当你期望dict在任何时候都有key时，这才有意义。如果不是这样的话，你就是应该这样编码：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:249 +msgid "" +"if key in mydict:\n" +" value = mydict[key]\n" +"else:\n" +" value = mydict[key] = getvalue(key)" +msgstr "" +"if key in mydict:\n" +" value = mydict[key]\n" +"else:\n" +" value = mydict[key] = getvalue(key)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:254 +msgid "" +"For this specific case, you could also use ``value = dict.setdefault(key, " +"getvalue(key))``, but only if the ``getvalue()`` call is cheap enough " +"because it is evaluated in all cases." +msgstr "" +"对于这种特定的情况，您还可以使用 ``value = dict.setdefault(key, getvalue(key))``，但前提是调用 " +"``getvalue()`` 足够便宜，因为在所有情况下都会对其进行评估。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:260 +msgid "Why isn't there a switch or case statement in Python?" +msgstr "为什么Python中没有switch或case语句？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:262 +msgid "" +"In general, structured switch statements execute one block of code when an " +"expression has a particular value or set of values. Since Python 3.10 one " +"can easily match literal values, or constants within a namespace, with a " +"``match ... case`` statement. An older alternative is a sequence of ``if... " +"elif... elif... else``." +msgstr "" +"总的来说，结构化分支语句会在一个表达式具有特定值或值的集合时执行某个代码块。 从 Python 3.10 开始可以简单地通过 ``match ... " +"case`` 语句来匹配字面值，或特定命名空间中的常量。 一种较旧的替代方案是通过一系列的 ``if... elif... elif... " +"else``。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:268 +msgid "" +"For cases where you need to choose from a very large number of " +"possibilities, you can create a dictionary mapping case values to functions " +"to call. For example::" +msgstr "对于需要从大量可能性中进行选择的情况，可以创建一个字典，将case 值映射到要调用的函数。例如：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:272 +msgid "" +"functions = {'a': function_1,\n" +" 'b': function_2,\n" +" 'c': self.method_1}\n" +"\n" +"func = functions[value]\n" +"func()" +msgstr "" +"functions = {'a': function_1,\n" +" 'b': function_2,\n" +" 'c': self.method_1}\n" +"\n" +"func = functions[value]\n" +"func()" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:279 +msgid "" +"For calling methods on objects, you can simplify yet further by using the " +":func:`getattr` built-in to retrieve methods with a particular name::" +msgstr "对于对象调用方法，可以通过使用 :func:`getattr` 内置检索具有特定名称的方法来进一步简化：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:282 +msgid "" +"class MyVisitor:\n" +" def visit_a(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def dispatch(self, value):\n" +" method_name = 'visit_' + str(value)\n" +" method = getattr(self, method_name)\n" +" method()" +msgstr "" +"class MyVisitor:\n" +" def visit_a(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def dispatch(self, value):\n" +" method_name = 'visit_' + str(value)\n" +" method = getattr(self, method_name)\n" +" method()" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:291 +msgid "" +"It's suggested that you use a prefix for the method names, such as " +"``visit_`` in this example. Without such a prefix, if values are coming " +"from an untrusted source, an attacker would be able to call any method on " +"your object." +msgstr "建议对方法名使用前缀，例如本例中的 ``visit_`` 。如果没有这样的前缀，如果值来自不受信任的源，攻击者将能够调用对象上的任何方法。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Imitating switch with fallthrough, as with C's switch-case-default, is " +"possible, much harder, and less needed." +msgstr "模仿带有穿透方式的分支，就像 C 的 switch-case-default 那样是有可能的，但更为困难，也无甚必要。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Can't you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-" +"specific thread implementation?" +msgstr "难道不能在解释器中模拟线程，而非得依赖特定于操作系统的线程实现吗？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:302 +msgid "" +"Answer 1: Unfortunately, the interpreter pushes at least one C stack frame " +"for each Python stack frame. Also, extensions can call back into Python at " +"almost random moments. Therefore, a complete threads implementation " +"requires thread support for C." +msgstr "" +"答案1： 不幸的是，解释器为每个Python堆栈帧推送至少一个C堆栈帧。此外，扩展可以随时回调Python。因此，一个完整的线程实现需要对C的线程支持。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Answer 2: Fortunately, there is `Stackless Python " +"`_, which has a completely " +"redesigned interpreter loop that avoids the C stack." +msgstr "" +"答案2： 幸运的是， `Stackless Python `_ 有一个完全重新设计的解释器循环，可以避免C堆栈。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:312 +msgid "Why can't lambda expressions contain statements?" +msgstr "为什么lambda表达式不能包含语句？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Python lambda expressions cannot contain statements because Python's " +"syntactic framework can't handle statements nested inside expressions. " +"However, in Python, this is not a serious problem. Unlike lambda forms in " +"other languages, where they add functionality, Python lambdas are only a " +"shorthand notation if you're too lazy to define a function." +msgstr "" +"Python 的 lambda 表达式不能包含语句，因为Python的语法框架不能处理嵌套在表达式内部的语句。然而，在 Python " +"中，这并不是一个严重的问题。 与其他语言中添加功能的 lambda 形式不同，Python 的 lambda 只是一种速记符号，如果您懒得定义函数的话。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Functions are already first class objects in Python, and can be declared in " +"a local scope. Therefore the only advantage of using a lambda instead of a " +"locally defined function is that you don't need to invent a name for the " +"function -- but that's just a local variable to which the function object " +"(which is exactly the same type of object that a lambda expression yields) " +"is assigned!" +msgstr "" +"函数已经是 Python 中的第一等对象，并且可以在局部作用域中声明。 因此使用 lambda 而非局部定义函数的唯一优点是你不需要为函数指定名称 --" +" 但那只是一个被赋值为函数对象（它的类型与 lambda 表达式所产生的对象完全相同）的局部变量！" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:328 +msgid "Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?" +msgstr "可以将Python编译为机器代码，C或其他语言吗？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:330 +msgid "" +"`Cython `_ compiles a modified version of Python with " +"optional annotations into C extensions. `Nuitka `_ is " +"an up-and-coming compiler of Python into C++ code, aiming to support the " +"full Python language." +msgstr "" +"`Cython `_ 会将带有可选标注的修改版 Python 编译为 C 扩展。 `Nuitka " +"`_ 是一个 Python 转 C++ 代码的新兴编译器，其目标是支持完整的 Python 语言。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:337 +msgid "How does Python manage memory?" +msgstr "Python如何管理内存？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:339 +msgid "" +"The details of Python memory management depend on the implementation. The " +"standard implementation of Python, :term:`CPython`, uses reference counting " +"to detect inaccessible objects, and another mechanism to collect reference " +"cycles, periodically executing a cycle detection algorithm which looks for " +"inaccessible cycles and deletes the objects involved. The :mod:`gc` module " +"provides functions to perform a garbage collection, obtain debugging " +"statistics, and tune the collector's parameters." +msgstr "" +"Python 内存管理的细节取决于实现。 Python 的标准实现 :term:`CPython` " +"使用引用计数来检测不可访问的对象，并使用另一种机制来收集引用循环，定期执行循环检测算法来查找不可访问的循环并删除所涉及的对象。 :mod:`gc` " +"模块提供了执行垃圾回收、获取调试统计信息和优化收集器参数的函数。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Other implementations (such as `Jython `_ or `PyPy " +"`_), however, can rely on a different mechanism such as a " +"full-blown garbage collector. This difference can cause some subtle porting" +" problems if your Python code depends on the behavior of the reference " +"counting implementation." +msgstr "" +"不过，其他实现 (如 `Jython `_ 或 `PyPy " +"`_)，可能会依赖不同的机制，如完全的垃圾回收器。 如果你的 Python " +"代码依赖于引用计数实现的行为则这种差异可能会导致某些微妙的移植问题。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:353 +msgid "" +"In some Python implementations, the following code (which is fine in " +"CPython) will probably run out of file descriptors::" +msgstr "在一些Python实现中，以下代码（在CPython中工作的很好）可能会耗尽文件描述符::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:356 +msgid "" +"for file in very_long_list_of_files:\n" +" f = open(file)\n" +" c = f.read(1)" +msgstr "" +"for file in very_long_list_of_files:\n" +" f = open(file)\n" +" c = f.read(1)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Indeed, using CPython's reference counting and destructor scheme, each new " +"assignment to ``f`` closes the previous file. With a traditional GC, " +"however, those file objects will only get collected (and closed) at varying " +"and possibly long intervals." +msgstr "" +"实际上，使用 CPython 的引用计数或器方案，每次对 ``f`` 的新赋值都会关闭之前的文件。 然而，对于传统的 " +"GC，这些文件对象将只能以不同的并且可能很长的间隔被收集（和关闭）。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:365 +msgid "" +"If you want to write code that will work with any Python implementation, you" +" should explicitly close the file or use the :keyword:`with` statement; this" +" will work regardless of memory management scheme::" +msgstr "" +"如果要编写可用于任何python实现的代码，则应显式关闭该文件或使用 :keyword:`with` 语句；无论内存管理方案如何，这都有效：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:369 +msgid "" +"for file in very_long_list_of_files:\n" +" with open(file) as f:\n" +" c = f.read(1)" +msgstr "" +"for file in very_long_list_of_files:\n" +" with open(file) as f:\n" +" c = f.read(1)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:375 +msgid "Why doesn't CPython use a more traditional garbage collection scheme?" +msgstr "为什么CPython不使用更传统的垃圾回收方案？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:377 +msgid "" +"For one thing, this is not a C standard feature and hence it's not portable." +" (Yes, we know about the Boehm GC library. It has bits of assembler code " +"for *most* common platforms, not for all of them, and although it is mostly " +"transparent, it isn't completely transparent; patches are required to get " +"Python to work with it.)" +msgstr "" +"首先，这不是C标准特性，因此不能移植。(是的，我们知道Boehm GC库。它包含了 *大多数* " +"常见平台（但不是所有平台）的汇编代码，尽管它基本上是透明的，但也不是完全透明的; 要让Python使用它，需要使用补丁。)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Traditional GC also becomes a problem when Python is embedded into other " +"applications. While in a standalone Python it's fine to replace the " +"standard ``malloc()`` and ``free()`` with versions provided by the GC " +"library, an application embedding Python may want to have its *own* " +"substitute for ``malloc()`` and ``free()``, and may not want Python's. " +"Right now, CPython works with anything that implements ``malloc()`` and " +"``free()`` properly." +msgstr "" +"当 Python 嵌入到其他应用程序中时传统的 GC 也会成为一个问题。 在独立的 Python 中可以用 GC 库提供的版本来替换标准的 " +"``malloc()`` 和 ``free()``，而嵌入 Python 的应用程序可能想要 *自行* 替代 ``malloc()`` 和 " +"``free()``，并不想要 Python 的版本。 现在，CPython 可以适用于任何正确实现了 ``malloc()`` 和 " +"``free()`` 的版本。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:392 +msgid "Why isn't all memory freed when CPython exits?" +msgstr "CPython退出时为什么不释放所有内存？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Objects referenced from the global namespaces of Python modules are not " +"always deallocated when Python exits. This may happen if there are circular" +" references. There are also certain bits of memory that are allocated by " +"the C library that are impossible to free (e.g. a tool like Purify will " +"complain about these). Python is, however, aggressive about cleaning up " +"memory on exit and does try to destroy every single object." +msgstr "" +"当Python退出时，从全局命名空间或Python模块引用的对象并不总是被释放。 如果存在循环引用，则可能发生这种情况 " +"C库分配的某些内存也是不可能释放的（例如像Purify这样的工具会抱怨这些内容）。 但是，Python在退出时清理内存并尝试销毁每个对象。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:401 +msgid "" +"If you want to force Python to delete certain things on deallocation use the" +" :mod:`atexit` module to run a function that will force those deletions." +msgstr "如果要强制 Python 在释放时删除某些内容，请使用 :mod:`atexit` 模块运行一个函数，强制删除这些内容。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:406 +msgid "Why are there separate tuple and list data types?" +msgstr "为什么有单独的元组和列表数据类型？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:408 +msgid "" +"Lists and tuples, while similar in many respects, are generally used in " +"fundamentally different ways. Tuples can be thought of as being similar to " +"Pascal ``records`` or C ``structs``; they're small collections of related " +"data which may be of different types which are operated on as a group. For " +"example, a Cartesian coordinate is appropriately represented as a tuple of " +"two or three numbers." +msgstr "" +"列表和元组虽然在许多方式都很相似，但它们的使用方式有本质上的不同。 元组可被当作是类似于 Pascal ``records`` 或 C " +"``structs``；它们是由可能具有不同类型但可作为一个分组进行操作的相关数据组成的小多项集。 " +"例如，一个笛卡尔坐标可适当地用由两个或三个数字组成的元组来表示。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:415 +msgid "" +"Lists, on the other hand, are more like arrays in other languages. They " +"tend to hold a varying number of objects all of which have the same type and" +" which are operated on one-by-one. For example, :func:`os.listdir('.') " +"` returns a list of strings representing the files in the " +"current directory. Functions which operate on this output would generally " +"not break if you added another file or two to the directory." +msgstr "" +"另一方面，列表更像其他语言中的数组。 它们倾向于保存可变数量的全都具有相同类型并将被逐个操作的对象。 例如，:func:`os.listdir('.')" +" ` 返回一个代表当前目录中文件的字符串列表。 当你向该目录添加一两个文件时在此输出上执行操作的函数通常不会中断。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:423 +msgid "" +"Tuples are immutable, meaning that once a tuple has been created, you can't " +"replace any of its elements with a new value. Lists are mutable, meaning " +"that you can always change a list's elements. Only immutable elements can " +"be used as dictionary keys, and hence only tuples and not lists can be used " +"as keys." +msgstr "" +"元组是不可变的，这意味着一旦创建了元组，就不能用新值替换它的任何元素。列表是可变的，这意味着您始终可以更改列表的元素。只有不变元素可以用作字典的key，因此只能将元组和非列表用作key。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:430 +msgid "How are lists implemented in CPython?" +msgstr "列表是如何在CPython中实现的？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:432 +msgid "" +"CPython's lists are really variable-length arrays, not Lisp-style linked " +"lists. The implementation uses a contiguous array of references to other " +"objects, and keeps a pointer to this array and the array's length in a list " +"head structure." +msgstr "" +"CPython的列表实际上是可变长度的数组，而不是lisp风格的链表。该实现使用对其他对象的引用的连续数组，并在列表头结构中保留指向该数组和数组长度的指针。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:436 +msgid "" +"This makes indexing a list ``a[i]`` an operation whose cost is independent " +"of the size of the list or the value of the index." +msgstr "这使得索引列表 ``a[i]`` 的操作成本与列表的大小或索引的值无关。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:439 +msgid "" +"When items are appended or inserted, the array of references is resized. " +"Some cleverness is applied to improve the performance of appending items " +"repeatedly; when the array must be grown, some extra space is allocated so " +"the next few times don't require an actual resize." +msgstr "" +"当添加或插入项时，将调整引用数组的大小。并采用了一些巧妙的方法来提高重复添加项的性能; " +"当数组必须增长时，会分配一些额外的空间，以便在接下来的几次中不需要实际调整大小。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:446 +msgid "How are dictionaries implemented in CPython?" +msgstr "字典是如何在CPython中实现的？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:448 +msgid "" +"CPython's dictionaries are implemented as resizable hash tables. Compared " +"to B-trees, this gives better performance for lookup (the most common " +"operation by far) under most circumstances, and the implementation is " +"simpler." +msgstr "CPython的字典实现为可调整大小的哈希表。与B-树相比，这在大多数情况下为查找（目前最常见的操作）提供了更好的性能，并且实现更简单。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:452 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries work by computing a hash code for each key stored in the " +"dictionary using the :func:`hash` built-in function. The hash code varies " +"widely depending on the key and a per-process seed; for example, " +"``'Python'`` could hash to ``-539294296`` while ``'python'``, a string that " +"differs by a single bit, could hash to ``1142331976``. The hash code is " +"then used to calculate a location in an internal array where the value will " +"be stored. Assuming that you're storing keys that all have different hash " +"values, this means that dictionaries take constant time -- *O*\\ (1), in " +"Big-O notation -- to retrieve a key." +msgstr "" +"字典的工作方式是使用 :func:`hash` 内置函数计算字典中存储的每个键的哈希码。 " +"哈希码会根据键和基于进程的种子值而大幅改变；例如，``'Python'`` 的哈希码可能为 ``-539294296`` 而 ``'python'`` " +"这个只相差一丁点的字符串的哈希码却可能为 ``1142331976``。 随后哈希码将被用来计算在一个内部数组中相应值的存储位置。 " +"假设你存储的键都具有不同的哈希值，这意味着字典会耗费恒定的时间 -- 即大 O 表示法的 *O*\\ (1) -- 要检索一个键。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:463 +msgid "Why must dictionary keys be immutable?" +msgstr "为什么字典key必须是不可变的？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:465 +msgid "" +"The hash table implementation of dictionaries uses a hash value calculated " +"from the key value to find the key. If the key were a mutable object, its " +"value could change, and thus its hash could also change. But since whoever " +"changes the key object can't tell that it was being used as a dictionary " +"key, it can't move the entry around in the dictionary. Then, when you try " +"to look up the same object in the dictionary it won't be found because its " +"hash value is different. If you tried to look up the old value it wouldn't " +"be found either, because the value of the object found in that hash bin " +"would be different." +msgstr "" +"字典的哈希表实现使用从键值计算的哈希值来查找键。如果键是可变对象，则其值可能会发生变化，因此其哈希值也会发生变化。但是，由于无论谁更改键对象都无法判断它是否被用作字典键值，因此无法在字典中修改条目。然后，当你尝试在字典中查找相同的对象时，将无法找到它，因为其哈希值不同。如果你尝试查找旧值，也不会找到它，因为在该哈希表中找到的对象的值会有所不同。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:474 +msgid "" +"If you want a dictionary indexed with a list, simply convert the list to a " +"tuple first; the function ``tuple(L)`` creates a tuple with the same entries" +" as the list ``L``. Tuples are immutable and can therefore be used as " +"dictionary keys." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要一个用列表索引的字典，只需先将列表转换为元组；用函数 ``tuple(L)`` 创建一个元组，其条目与列表 ``L`` 相同。 " +"元组是不可变的，因此可以用作字典键。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:478 +msgid "Some unacceptable solutions that have been proposed:" +msgstr "已经提出的一些不可接受的解决方案：" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:480 +msgid "" +"Hash lists by their address (object ID). This doesn't work because if you " +"construct a new list with the same value it won't be found; e.g.::" +msgstr "哈希按其地址（对象ID）列出。这不起作用，因为如果你构造一个具有相同值的新列表，它将无法找到；例如::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:483 +msgid "" +"mydict = {[1, 2]: '12'}\n" +"print(mydict[[1, 2]])" +msgstr "" +"mydict = {[1, 2]: '12'}\n" +"print(mydict[[1, 2]])" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:486 +msgid "" +"would raise a :exc:`KeyError` exception because the id of the ``[1, 2]`` " +"used in the second line differs from that in the first line. In other " +"words, dictionary keys should be compared using ``==``, not using " +":keyword:`is`." +msgstr "" +"会引发一个 :exc:`KeyError` 异常，因为第二行中使用的 ``[1, 2]`` 的 id 与第一行中的 id 不同。换句话说，应该使用 " +"``==`` 来比较字典键，而不是使用 :keyword:`is` 。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:490 +msgid "" +"Make a copy when using a list as a key. This doesn't work because the list," +" being a mutable object, could contain a reference to itself, and then the " +"copying code would run into an infinite loop." +msgstr "使用列表作为键时进行复制。这没有用的，因为作为可变对象的列表可以包含对自身的引用，然后复制代码将进入无限循环。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Allow lists as keys but tell the user not to modify them. This would allow " +"a class of hard-to-track bugs in programs when you forgot or modified a list" +" by accident. It also invalidates an important invariant of dictionaries: " +"every value in ``d.keys()`` is usable as a key of the dictionary." +msgstr "" +"允许列表作为键，但告诉用户不要修改它们。当你意外忘记或修改列表时，这将产生程序中的一类难以跟踪的错误。它还使一个重要的字典不变量无效： " +"``d.keys()`` 中的每个值都可用作字典的键。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:499 +msgid "" +"Mark lists as read-only once they are used as a dictionary key. The problem" +" is that it's not just the top-level object that could change its value; you" +" could use a tuple containing a list as a key. Entering anything as a key " +"into a dictionary would require marking all objects reachable from there as " +"read-only -- and again, self-referential objects could cause an infinite " +"loop." +msgstr "" +"将列表用作字典键后，应标记为其只读。问题是，它不仅仅是可以改变其值的顶级对象；你可以使用包含列表作为键的元组。将任何内容作为键关联到字典中都需要将从那里可到达的所有对象标记为只读" +" —— 并且自引用对象可能会导致无限循环。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:505 +msgid "" +"There is a trick to get around this if you need to, but use it at your own " +"risk: You can wrap a mutable structure inside a class instance which has " +"both a :meth:`~object.__eq__` and a :meth:`~object.__hash__` method. You " +"must then make sure that the hash value for all such wrapper objects that " +"reside in a dictionary (or other hash based structure), remain fixed while " +"the object is in the dictionary (or other structure). ::" +msgstr "" +"如果你有需要，以下技巧可以绕过这个问题，但使用它必须自担风险：你可以将一个可变结构体包装在一个同时具有 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 和" +" :meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法的类实例中。 " +"然后你必须确保存放在字典（或其他基于哈希值的结构体）中的所有此类包装器对象的哈希值在该字典（或其他结构体）中保持固定。 ::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:513 +msgid "" +"class ListWrapper:\n" +" def __init__(self, the_list):\n" +" self.the_list = the_list\n" +"\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" return self.the_list == other.the_list\n" +"\n" +" def __hash__(self):\n" +" l = self.the_list\n" +" result = 98767 - len(l)*555\n" +" for i, el in enumerate(l):\n" +" try:\n" +" result = result + (hash(el) % 9999999) * 1001 + i\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" result = (result % 7777777) + i * 333\n" +" return result" +msgstr "" +"class ListWrapper:\n" +" def __init__(self, the_list):\n" +" self.the_list = the_list\n" +"\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" return self.the_list == other.the_list\n" +"\n" +" def __hash__(self):\n" +" l = self.the_list\n" +" result = 98767 - len(l)*555\n" +" for i, el in enumerate(l):\n" +" try:\n" +" result = result + (hash(el) % 9999999) * 1001 + i\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" result = (result % 7777777) + i * 333\n" +" return result" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Note that the hash computation is complicated by the possibility that some " +"members of the list may be unhashable and also by the possibility of " +"arithmetic overflow." +msgstr "注意，哈希计算由于列表的某些成员可能不可用以及算术溢出的可能性而变得复杂。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Furthermore it must always be the case that if ``o1 == o2`` (ie " +"``o1.__eq__(o2) is True``) then ``hash(o1) == hash(o2)`` (ie, " +"``o1.__hash__() == o2.__hash__()``), regardless of whether the object is in " +"a dictionary or not. If you fail to meet these restrictions dictionaries " +"and other hash based structures will misbehave." +msgstr "" +"此外，必须始终如此，如果 ``o1 == o2`` （即 ``o1.__eq__(o2) is True`` ）则 ``hash(o1) == " +"hash(o2)`` （即 ``o1.__hash__() == o2.__hash__()`` ），无论对象是否在字典中。 " +"如果你不能满足这些限制，字典和其他基于 hash 的结构将会出错。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:539 +msgid "" +"In the case of :class:`!ListWrapper`, whenever the wrapper object is in a " +"dictionary the wrapped list must not change to avoid anomalies. Don't do " +"this unless you are prepared to think hard about the requirements and the " +"consequences of not meeting them correctly. Consider yourself warned." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`!ListWrapper` 的情况，只要包装器位于字典中那么被包装的列表就不能更改以避免发生意外。 " +"除非你准备好认真考虑相关要求以及未能正确满足这些要求的后果否则请不要这样做。 你已经收到警告了。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:546 +msgid "Why doesn't list.sort() return the sorted list?" +msgstr "为什么 list.sort() 没有返回排序列表？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:548 +msgid "" +"In situations where performance matters, making a copy of the list just to " +"sort it would be wasteful. Therefore, :meth:`list.sort` sorts the list in " +"place. In order to remind you of that fact, it does not return the sorted " +"list. This way, you won't be fooled into accidentally overwriting a list " +"when you need a sorted copy but also need to keep the unsorted version " +"around." +msgstr "" +"在性能很重要的情况下，仅仅为了排序而复制一份列表将是一种浪费。因此， :meth:`list.sort` " +"对列表进行了适当的排序。为了提醒您这一事实，它不会返回已排序的列表。这样，当您需要排序的副本，但也需要保留未排序的版本时，就不会意外地覆盖列表。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:554 +msgid "" +"If you want to return a new list, use the built-in :func:`sorted` function " +"instead. This function creates a new list from a provided iterable, sorts " +"it and returns it. For example, here's how to iterate over the keys of a " +"dictionary in sorted order::" +msgstr "" +"如果要返回新列表，请使用内置 :func:`sorted` " +"函数。此函数从提供的可迭代列表中创建新列表，对其进行排序并返回。例如，下面是如何迭代遍历字典并按keys排序::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:559 +msgid "" +"for key in sorted(mydict):\n" +" ... # do whatever with mydict[key]..." +msgstr "" +"for key in sorted(mydict):\n" +" ... # 对 mydict[key] 做点什么" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:564 +msgid "How do you specify and enforce an interface spec in Python?" +msgstr "如何在Python中指定和实施接口规范？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:566 +msgid "" +"An interface specification for a module as provided by languages such as C++" +" and Java describes the prototypes for the methods and functions of the " +"module. Many feel that compile-time enforcement of interface specifications" +" helps in the construction of large programs." +msgstr "由C++和Java等语言提供的模块接口规范描述了模块的方法和函数的原型。许多人认为接口规范的编译时强制执行有助于构建大型程序。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:571 +msgid "" +"Python 2.6 adds an :mod:`abc` module that lets you define Abstract Base " +"Classes (ABCs). You can then use :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` " +"to check whether an instance or a class implements a particular ABC. The " +":mod:`collections.abc` module defines a set of useful ABCs such as " +":class:`~collections.abc.Iterable`, :class:`~collections.abc.Container`, and" +" :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping`." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.6添加了一个 :mod:`abc` 模块，允许定义抽象基类 (ABCs)。然后可以使用 :func:`isinstance` 和 " +":func:`issubclass` 来检查实例或类是否实现了特定的ABC。 :mod:`collections.abc` 模块定义了一组有用的ABCs" +" 例如 :class:`~collections.abc.Iterable` ， :class:`~collections.abc.Container`" +" , 和 :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping`" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:578 +msgid "" +"For Python, many of the advantages of interface specifications can be " +"obtained by an appropriate test discipline for components." +msgstr "对于 Python，接口规范的许多好处可以通过组件的适当测试规程来获得。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:581 +msgid "" +"A good test suite for a module can both provide a regression test and serve " +"as a module interface specification and a set of examples. Many Python " +"modules can be run as a script to provide a simple \"self test.\" Even " +"modules which use complex external interfaces can often be tested in " +"isolation using trivial \"stub\" emulations of the external interface. The " +":mod:`doctest` and :mod:`unittest` modules or third-party test frameworks " +"can be used to construct exhaustive test suites that exercise every line of " +"code in a module." +msgstr "" +"一个好的模块测试套件既可以提供回归测试，也可以作为模块接口规范和一组示例。许多Python模块可以作为脚本运行，以提供简单的“自我测试”。即使是使用复杂外部接口的模块，也常常可以使用外部接口的简单“桩代码（stub）”模拟进行隔离测试。可以使用" +" :mod:`doctest` 和 :mod:`unittest` 模块或第三方测试框架来构造详尽的测试套件，以运行模块中的每一行代码。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:589 +msgid "" +"An appropriate testing discipline can help build large complex applications " +"in Python as well as having interface specifications would. In fact, it can" +" be better because an interface specification cannot test certain properties" +" of a program. For example, the :meth:`!list.append` method is expected to " +"add new elements to the end of some internal list; an interface " +"specification cannot test that your :meth:`!list.append` implementation will" +" actually do this correctly, but it's trivial to check this property in a " +"test suite." +msgstr "" +"适当的测试规程能像完善的接口规范一样帮助在 Python 构建大型的复杂应用程序。 事实上，它能做得更好因为接口规范无法测试程序的某些属性。 " +"例如，:meth:`!list.append` 方法被期望向某个内部列表的末尾添加新元素；接口规范无法测试你的 :meth:`!list.append`" +" 实现是否真的能正确执行该操作，但在测试套件中检查该属性却是很容易的。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:597 +msgid "" +"Writing test suites is very helpful, and you might want to design your code " +"to make it easily tested. One increasingly popular technique, test-driven " +"development, calls for writing parts of the test suite first, before you " +"write any of the actual code. Of course Python allows you to be sloppy and " +"not write test cases at all." +msgstr "" +"编写测试套件非常有用，并且你可能希望将你的代码设计为易于测试。 " +"一种日益流行的技术是面向测试的开发，它要求在编写任何实际代码之前首先编写测试套件的各个部分。 当然 Python " +"也允许你采用更粗率的方式，不必编写任何测试用例。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:605 +msgid "Why is there no goto?" +msgstr "为什么没有goto？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:607 +msgid "" +"In the 1970s people realized that unrestricted goto could lead to messy " +"\"spaghetti\" code that was hard to understand and revise. In a high-level " +"language, it is also unneeded as long as there are ways to branch (in " +"Python, with :keyword:`if` statements and :keyword:`or`, :keyword:`and`, and" +" :keyword:`if`/:keyword:`else` expressions) and loop (with :keyword:`while` " +"and :keyword:`for` statements, possibly containing :keyword:`continue` and " +":keyword:`break`)." +msgstr "" +"在 1970 年代人们了解到不受限制的 goto 可能导致混乱得像“意大利面”那样难以理解和修改的代码。 " +"在高级语言中，它也是不必要的，只需能够执行分支（在 Python 中是使用 :keyword:`if` 语句和 :keyword:`or`, " +":keyword:`and` 以及 :keyword:`if`/:keyword:`else` 表达式）和循环（使用 :keyword:`while` " +"和 :keyword:`for` 语句，还可能包含 :keyword:`continue` 和 :keyword:`break` 语句）就足够了。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:614 +msgid "" +"One can also use exceptions to provide a \"structured goto\" that works even" +" across function calls. Many feel that exceptions can conveniently emulate " +"all reasonable uses of the ``go`` or ``goto`` constructs of C, Fortran, and " +"other languages. For example::" +msgstr "" +"人们还可以使用异常来提供甚至能跨函数调用的“结构化 goto”。 许多人觉得异常可以方便地模拟 C, Fortran 和其他语言中所有合理使用的 " +"``go`` 或 ``goto`` 结构::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:620 +msgid "" +"class label(Exception): pass # declare a label\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +" if condition: raise label() # goto label\n" +" ...\n" +"except label: # where to goto\n" +" pass\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"class label(Exception): pass # 声明label\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +" if condition: raise label() # 跳转到 label\n" +" ...\n" +"except label: # 跳转到哪里\n" +" pass\n" +"..." + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:630 +msgid "" +"This doesn't allow you to jump into the middle of a loop, but that's usually" +" considered an abuse of ``goto`` anyway. Use sparingly." +msgstr "这并不允许跳到一个循环的中间，但这通常被视为是对 ``goto`` 的滥用。 应当谨慎使用。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:635 +msgid "Why can't raw strings (r-strings) end with a backslash?" +msgstr "为什么原始字符串（r-strings）不能以反斜杠结尾？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:637 +msgid "" +"More precisely, they can't end with an odd number of backslashes: the " +"unpaired backslash at the end escapes the closing quote character, leaving " +"an unterminated string." +msgstr "更准确地说，它们不能以奇数个反斜杠结束：结尾处的不成对反斜杠会转义结束引号字符，留下未结束的字符串。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:641 +msgid "" +"Raw strings were designed to ease creating input for processors (chiefly " +"regular expression engines) that want to do their own backslash escape " +"processing. Such processors consider an unmatched trailing backslash to be " +"an error anyway, so raw strings disallow that. In return, they allow you to" +" pass on the string quote character by escaping it with a backslash. These " +"rules work well when r-strings are used for their intended purpose." +msgstr "" +"原始字符串的设计是为了方便想要执行自己的反斜杠转义处理的处理器(主要是正则表达式引擎)创建输入。此类处理器将不匹配的尾随反斜杠视为错误，因此原始字符串不允许这样做。反过来，允许通过使用引号字符转义反斜杠转义字符串。当r-" +"string用于它们的预期目的时，这些规则工作的很好。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:648 +msgid "" +"If you're trying to build Windows pathnames, note that all Windows system " +"calls accept forward slashes too::" +msgstr "如果您正在尝试构建Windows路径名，请注意所有Windows系统调用都使用正斜杠::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:651 +msgid "f = open(\"/mydir/file.txt\") # works fine!" +msgstr "f = open(\"/mydir/file.txt\") # 效果很好！" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:653 +msgid "" +"If you're trying to build a pathname for a DOS command, try e.g. one of ::" +msgstr "如果您正在尝试为DOS命令构建路径名，请尝试以下示例 ::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:655 +msgid "" +"dir = r\"\\this\\is\\my\\dos\\dir\" \"\\\\\"\n" +"dir = r\"\\this\\is\\my\\dos\\dir\\ \"[:-1]\n" +"dir = \"\\\\this\\\\is\\\\my\\\\dos\\\\dir\\\\\"" +msgstr "" +"dir = r\"\\this\\is\\my\\dos\\dir\" \"\\\\\"\n" +"dir = r\"\\this\\is\\my\\dos\\dir\\ \"[:-1]\n" +"dir = \"\\\\this\\\\is\\\\my\\\\dos\\\\dir\\\\\"" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:661 +msgid "Why doesn't Python have a \"with\" statement for attribute assignments?" +msgstr "为什么Python没有属性赋值的“with”语句？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:663 +msgid "" +"Python has a :keyword:`with` statement that wraps the execution of a block, " +"calling code on the entrance and exit from the block. Some languages have a" +" construct that looks like this::" +msgstr "" +"Python 有一种 :keyword:`with` 语句能将一个代码块的执行包装起来，在进入和退出该代码块时调用特定的代码。 " +"某些语言具有类似这样的结构::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:667 +msgid "" +"with obj:\n" +" a = 1 # equivalent to obj.a = 1\n" +" total = total + 1 # obj.total = obj.total + 1" +msgstr "" +"with obj:\n" +" a = 1 # 相当于 to obj.a = 1\n" +" total = total + 1 # obj.total = obj.total + 1" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:671 +msgid "In Python, such a construct would be ambiguous." +msgstr "在Python中，这样的结构是不明确的。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:673 +msgid "" +"Other languages, such as Object Pascal, Delphi, and C++, use static types, " +"so it's possible to know, in an unambiguous way, what member is being " +"assigned to. This is the main point of static typing -- the compiler " +"*always* knows the scope of every variable at compile time." +msgstr "" +"其他语言，如ObjectPascal、Delphi和C++ 使用静态类型，因此可以毫不含糊地知道分配给什么成员。这是静态类型的要点 -- 编译器 " +"*总是* 在编译时知道每个变量的作用域。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:678 +msgid "" +"Python uses dynamic types. It is impossible to know in advance which " +"attribute will be referenced at runtime. Member attributes may be added or " +"removed from objects on the fly. This makes it impossible to know, from a " +"simple reading, what attribute is being referenced: a local one, a global " +"one, or a member attribute?" +msgstr "" +"Python使用动态类型。事先不可能知道在运行时引用哪个属性。可以动态地在对象中添加或删除成员属性。这使得无法通过简单的阅读就知道引用的是什么属性：局部属性、全局属性还是成员属性？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:684 +msgid "For instance, take the following incomplete snippet::" +msgstr "例如，采用以下不完整的代码段::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:686 +msgid "" +"def foo(a):\n" +" with a:\n" +" print(x)" +msgstr "" +"def foo(a):\n" +" with a:\n" +" print(x)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:690 +msgid "" +"The snippet assumes that ``a`` must have a member attribute called ``x``. " +"However, there is nothing in Python that tells the interpreter this. What " +"should happen if ``a`` is, let us say, an integer? If there is a global " +"variable named ``x``, will it be used inside the :keyword:`with` block? As " +"you see, the dynamic nature of Python makes such choices much harder." +msgstr "" +"该代码段假设 ``a`` 必须有一个名为 ``x`` 的成员属性。 然而，Python 中没有什么能告诉解释器这一点。 举例来说，如果 ``a`` " +"是一个整数那么会发生什么？ 如果有一个名为 ``x`` 的全局变量，它是否会在 :keyword:`with` 代码块内被使用？ 如你所见，Python" +" 的动态特性使得这样的选择更为困难。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:696 +msgid "" +"The primary benefit of :keyword:`with` and similar language features " +"(reduction of code volume) can, however, easily be achieved in Python by " +"assignment. Instead of::" +msgstr "然而，:keyword:`with` 及类似语言特性的主要好处（减少代码量）在 Python 中可以通过赋值轻松地实现。 而不是使用::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:699 +msgid "" +"function(args).mydict[index][index].a = 21\n" +"function(args).mydict[index][index].b = 42\n" +"function(args).mydict[index][index].c = 63" +msgstr "" +"function(args).mydict[index][index].a = 21\n" +"function(args).mydict[index][index].b = 42\n" +"function(args).mydict[index][index].c = 63" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:703 +msgid "write this::" +msgstr "写成这样::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:705 +msgid "" +"ref = function(args).mydict[index][index]\n" +"ref.a = 21\n" +"ref.b = 42\n" +"ref.c = 63" +msgstr "" +"ref = function(args).mydict[index][index]\n" +"ref.a = 21\n" +"ref.b = 42\n" +"ref.c = 63" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:710 +msgid "" +"This also has the side-effect of increasing execution speed because name " +"bindings are resolved at run-time in Python, and the second version only " +"needs to perform the resolution once." +msgstr "这也具有提高执行速度的附带效果，因为 Python 在运行时解析名称绑定，而第二个版本只需要执行一次解析。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Similar proposals that would introduce syntax to further reduce code volume," +" such as using a 'leading dot', have been rejected in favour of explicitness" +" (see https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2016-May/040070.html)." +msgstr "" +"引入可以进一步减小代码量的类似提议，例如使用“前导点号”，出于明白胜于隐晦的理由而被拒绝了 (参见 " +"https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2016-May/040070.html)。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:720 +msgid "Why don't generators support the with statement?" +msgstr "生成器为什么不支持 with 语句？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:722 +msgid "" +"For technical reasons, a generator used directly as a context manager would " +"not work correctly. When, as is most common, a generator is used as an " +"iterator run to completion, no closing is needed. When it is, wrap it as " +":func:`contextlib.closing(generator) ` in the " +":keyword:`with` statement." +msgstr "" +"由于技术原因，直接作为上下文管理器使用的生成器将无法正常工作。 最常见的情况下，当一个生成器被用作迭代器运行到完成时，不需要手动关闭。 如果需要，请在 " +":keyword:`with` 语句中将它包装为 :func:`contextlib.closing(generator) " +"`。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:730 +msgid "Why are colons required for the if/while/def/class statements?" +msgstr "为什么 if/while/def/class语句需要冒号？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:732 +msgid "" +"The colon is required primarily to enhance readability (one of the results " +"of the experimental ABC language). Consider this::" +msgstr "冒号主要用于增强可读性(ABC语言实验的结果之一)。考虑一下这个::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:735 +msgid "" +"if a == b\n" +" print(a)" +msgstr "" +"if a == b\n" +" print(a)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:738 +msgid "versus ::" +msgstr "与 ::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:740 +msgid "" +"if a == b:\n" +" print(a)" +msgstr "" +"if a == b:\n" +" print(a)" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:743 +msgid "" +"Notice how the second one is slightly easier to read. Notice further how a " +"colon sets off the example in this FAQ answer; it's a standard usage in " +"English." +msgstr "注意第二种方法稍微容易一些。请进一步注意，在这个FAQ解答的示例中，冒号是如何设置的；这是英语中的标准用法。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:746 +msgid "" +"Another minor reason is that the colon makes it easier for editors with " +"syntax highlighting; they can look for colons to decide when indentation " +"needs to be increased instead of having to do a more elaborate parsing of " +"the program text." +msgstr "另一个次要原因是冒号使带有语法突出显示的编辑器更容易工作；他们可以寻找冒号来决定何时需要增加缩进，而不必对程序文本进行更精细的解析。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:752 +msgid "Why does Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples?" +msgstr "为什么Python在列表和元组的末尾允许使用逗号？" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:754 +msgid "" +"Python lets you add a trailing comma at the end of lists, tuples, and " +"dictionaries::" +msgstr "Python 允许您在列表，元组和字典的末尾添加一个尾随逗号::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:757 +msgid "" +"[1, 2, 3,]\n" +"('a', 'b', 'c',)\n" +"d = {\n" +" \"A\": [1, 5],\n" +" \"B\": [6, 7], # last trailing comma is optional but good style\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"[1, 2, 3,]\n" +"('a', 'b', 'c',)\n" +"d = {\n" +" \"A\":[1, 5],\n" +" \"B\":[6, 7], # 最后的逗号是可选的，但风格很好\n" +"}" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:765 +msgid "There are several reasons to allow this." +msgstr "有几个理由允许这样做。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:767 +msgid "" +"When you have a literal value for a list, tuple, or dictionary spread across" +" multiple lines, it's easier to add more elements because you don't have to " +"remember to add a comma to the previous line. The lines can also be " +"reordered without creating a syntax error." +msgstr "如果列表，元组或字典的字面值分布在多行中，则更容易添加更多元素，因为不必记住在上一行中添加逗号。这些行也可以重新排序，而不会产生语法错误。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:772 +msgid "" +"Accidentally omitting the comma can lead to errors that are hard to " +"diagnose. For example::" +msgstr "不小心省略逗号会导致难以诊断的错误。例如::" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:775 +msgid "" +"x = [\n" +" \"fee\",\n" +" \"fie\"\n" +" \"foo\",\n" +" \"fum\"\n" +"]" +msgstr "" +"x = [\n" +" \"fee\",\n" +" \"fie\"\n" +" \"foo\",\n" +" \"fum\"\n" +"]" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:782 +msgid "" +"This list looks like it has four elements, but it actually contains three: " +"\"fee\", \"fiefoo\" and \"fum\". Always adding the comma avoids this source" +" of error." +msgstr "这个列表看起来有四个元素，但实际上包含三个 : \"fee\", \"fiefoo\" 和 \"fum\" 。总是加上逗号可以避免这个错误的来源。" + +#: ../../faq/design.rst:785 +msgid "" +"Allowing the trailing comma may also make programmatic code generation " +"easier." +msgstr "允许尾随逗号也可以使编程代码更容易生成。" diff --git a/faq/extending.po b/faq/extending.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..420bea60c --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/extending.po @@ -0,0 +1,527 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:3 +msgid "Extending/Embedding FAQ" +msgstr "扩展/嵌入常见问题" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:6 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:16 +msgid "Can I create my own functions in C?" +msgstr "可以使用 C 语言创建自己的函数吗？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, " +"exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document " +":ref:`extending-index`." +msgstr "是的，您可以在C中创建包含函数、变量、异常甚至新类型的内置模块。在文档 :ref:`extending-index` 中有说明。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:22 +msgid "Most intermediate or advanced Python books will also cover this topic." +msgstr "大多数中级或高级的Python书籍也涵盖这个主题。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:26 +msgid "Can I create my own functions in C++?" +msgstr "可以使用 C++ 语言创建自己的函数吗？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Yes, using the C compatibility features found in C++. Place ``extern \"C\" " +"{ ... }`` around the Python include files and put ``extern \"C\"`` before " +"each function that is going to be called by the Python interpreter. Global " +"or static C++ objects with constructors are probably not a good idea." +msgstr "" +"是的，可以使用 C++ 中兼容 C 的功能。 在 Python include 文件周围放置 ``extern \"C\" { ... }`` " +"，并在Python解释器调用的每个函数之前放置 ``extern \"C\"`` 。 具有构造函数的全局或静态 C++ 对象可能不是一个好主意。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:37 +msgid "Writing C is hard; are there any alternatives?" +msgstr "C很难写，有没有其他选择？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:39 +msgid "" +"There are a number of alternatives to writing your own C extensions, " +"depending on what you're trying to do." +msgstr "编写自己的C扩展有很多选择，具体取决于您要做的事情。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:44 +msgid "" +"`Cython `_ and its relative `Pyrex " +"`_ are compilers" +" that accept a slightly modified form of Python and generate the " +"corresponding C code. Cython and Pyrex make it possible to write an " +"extension without having to learn Python's C API." +msgstr "" +"`Cython `_ 及其相关的 `Pyrex " +"`_ 是接受略微修改过的 " +"Python 形式并生成相应 C 代码的编译器。 Cython 和 Pyrex 使得人们无需学习 Python 的 C API 即可编写扩展。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:50 +msgid "" +"If you need to interface to some C or C++ library for which no Python " +"extension currently exists, you can try wrapping the library's data types " +"and functions with a tool such as `SWIG `_. `SIP " +"`__, `CXX " +"`_ `Boost " +"`_, or `Weave " +"`_ are also alternatives for wrapping C++ " +"libraries." +msgstr "" +"如果你需要针对某些当前不存在 Python 扩展的 C 或 C++ 库的接口，你可以尝试使用 `SWIG " +"`_ 等工具来包装这些库的数据类型和函数。 `SIP `__, `CXX `_ `Boost " +"`_ 或者 `Weave " +"`_ 也是用于包装 C++ 库的替代方案。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:61 +msgid "How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C?" +msgstr "如何在 C 中执行任意 Python 语句？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The highest-level function to do this is :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` which " +"takes a single string argument to be executed in the context of the module " +"``__main__`` and returns ``0`` for success and ``-1`` when an exception " +"occurred (including :exc:`SyntaxError`). If you want more control, use " +":c:func:`PyRun_String`; see the source for :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` in " +"``Python/pythonrun.c``." +msgstr "" +"执行此操作的最高层级函数为 :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString`，它接受单个字符串参数用于在模块 ``__main__`` " +"的上下文中执行并在成功时返回 ``0`` 而在发生异常 (包括 :exc:`SyntaxError`) 时返回 ``-1``。 " +"如果你想要更多可控性，可以使用 :c:func:`PyRun_String`；请在 ``Python/pythonrun.c`` 中查看 " +":c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` 的源码。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:72 +msgid "How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C?" +msgstr "如何在 C 中对任意 Python 表达式求值？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Call the function :c:func:`PyRun_String` from the previous question with the" +" start symbol :c:data:`Py_eval_input`; it parses an expression, evaluates it" +" and returns its value." +msgstr "" +"可以调用前一问题中介绍的函数 :c:func:`PyRun_String` 并附带起始标记符 " +":c:data:`Py_eval_input`；它会解析表达式，对其求值并返回结果值。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:80 +msgid "How do I extract C values from a Python object?" +msgstr "如何从Python对象中提取C的值？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:82 +msgid "" +"That depends on the object's type. If it's a tuple, :c:func:`PyTuple_Size` " +"returns its length and :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` returns the item at a " +"specified index. Lists have similar functions, :c:func:`PyList_Size` and " +":c:func:`PyList_GetItem`." +msgstr "" +"这取决于对象的类型。 如果是元组，:c:func:`PyTuple_Size` 将返回其长度而 :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` " +"将返回指定索引号上的项。 对于列表也有类似的函数 :c:func:`PyList_Size` 和 :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:87 +msgid "" +"For bytes, :c:func:`PyBytes_Size` returns its length and " +":c:func:`PyBytes_AsStringAndSize` provides a pointer to its value and its " +"length. Note that Python bytes objects may contain null bytes so C's " +":c:func:`!strlen` should not be used." +msgstr "" +"对于字节串，:c:func:`PyBytes_Size` 将返回其长度而 :c:func:`PyBytes_AsStringAndSize` " +"将提供一个指向其值和长度的指针。 请注意 Python 字节串对象可能包含空字节因此不应使用 C 的 :c:func:`!strlen`。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:92 +msgid "" +"To test the type of an object, first make sure it isn't ``NULL``, and then " +"use :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, " +":c:func:`PyList_Check`, etc." +msgstr "" +"要检测一个对象的类型，首先要确保它不为 ``NULL``，然后使用 :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, " +":c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, :c:func:`PyList_Check` 等等。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:95 +msgid "" +"There is also a high-level API to Python objects which is provided by the " +"so-called 'abstract' interface -- read ``Include/abstract.h`` for further " +"details. It allows interfacing with any kind of Python sequence using calls" +" like :c:func:`PySequence_Length`, :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`, etc. as " +"well as many other useful protocols such as numbers " +"(:c:func:`PyNumber_Index` et al.) and mappings in the PyMapping APIs." +msgstr "" +"还有一个针对 Python 对象的高层级 API，通过所谓的‘抽象’接口提供 —— 请参阅 ``Include/abstract.h`` 了解详情。 " +"它允许使用 :c:func:`PySequence_Length`, :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem` 这样的调用来与任意种类的" +" Python 序列进行对接，此外还可使用许多其他有用的协议例如数字 (:c:func:`PyNumber_Index` 等) 以及 PyMapping" +" API 中的各种映射等等。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:104 +msgid "How do I use Py_BuildValue() to create a tuple of arbitrary length?" +msgstr "如何使用Py_BuildValue()创建任意长度的元组？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:106 +msgid "You can't. Use :c:func:`PyTuple_Pack` instead." +msgstr "不可以。应该使用 :c:func:`PyTuple_Pack` 。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:110 +msgid "How do I call an object's method from C?" +msgstr "如何从C调用对象的方法？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:112 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` function can be used to call an arbitrary " +"method of an object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method " +"to call, a format string like that used with :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, and " +"the argument values::" +msgstr "" +"可以使用 :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` 函数来调用某个对象的任意方法。 形参为该对象、要调用的方法名、类似 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 所用的格式字符串以及要传给方法的参数值::" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:117 +msgid "" +"PyObject *\n" +"PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name,\n" +" const char *arg_format, ...);" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *\n" +"PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name,\n" +" const char *arg_format, ...);" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:121 +msgid "" +"This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-" +"defined. You are responsible for eventually :c:func:`Py_DECREF`\\ 'ing the " +"return value." +msgstr "" +"这适用于任何具有方法的对象 —— 不论是内置方法还是用户自定义方法。 你需要负责对返回值进行最终的 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 处理。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:124 +msgid "" +"To call, e.g., a file object's \"seek\" method with arguments 10, 0 " +"(assuming the file object pointer is \"f\")::" +msgstr "例如调用某个文件对象的 \"seek\" 方法并传入参数 10, 0 (假定文件对象的指针为 \"f\")::" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:127 +msgid "" +"res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, \"seek\", \"(ii)\", 10, 0);\n" +"if (res == NULL) {\n" +" ... an exception occurred ...\n" +"}\n" +"else {\n" +" Py_DECREF(res);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, \"seek\", \"(ii)\", 10, 0);\n" +"if (res == NULL) {\n" +" ... an exception occurred ...\n" +"}\n" +"else {\n" +" Py_DECREF(res);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Note that since :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` *always* wants a tuple for the" +" argument list, to call a function without arguments, pass \"()\" for the " +"format, and to call a function with one argument, surround the argument in " +"parentheses, e.g. \"(i)\"." +msgstr "" +"请注意由于 :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` *总是* 接受一个元组作为参数列表，要调用不带参数的函数，则传入格式为 " +"\"()\"，要调用只带一个参数的函数，则应将参数包含于圆括号中，例如 \"(i)\"。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:142 +msgid "" +"How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to " +"stdout/stderr)?" +msgstr "如何捕获PyErr_Print()（或打印到stdout / stderr的任何内容）的输出？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:144 +msgid "" +"In Python code, define an object that supports the ``write()`` method. " +"Assign this object to :data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys.stderr`. Call " +"print_error, or just allow the standard traceback mechanism to work. Then, " +"the output will go wherever your ``write()`` method sends it." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 代码中，定义一个支持 ``write()`` 方法的对象。 将此对象赋值给 :data:`sys.stdout` 和 " +":data:`sys.stderr`。 调用 print_error 或者只是允许标准回溯机制生效。 在此之后，输出将转往你的 ``write()`` " +"方法所指向的任何地方。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:149 +msgid "The easiest way to do this is to use the :class:`io.StringIO` class:" +msgstr "做到这一点的最简单方式是使用 :class:`io.StringIO` 类：" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:151 +msgid "" +">>> import io, sys\n" +">>> sys.stdout = io.StringIO()\n" +">>> print('foo')\n" +">>> print('hello world!')\n" +">>> sys.stderr.write(sys.stdout.getvalue())\n" +"foo\n" +"hello world!" +msgstr "" +">>> import io, sys\n" +">>> sys.stdout = io.StringIO()\n" +">>> print('foo')\n" +">>> print('hello world!')\n" +">>> sys.stderr.write(sys.stdout.getvalue())\n" +"foo\n" +"hello world!" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:161 +msgid "A custom object to do the same would look like this:" +msgstr "实现同样效果的自定义对象看起来是这样的：" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:163 +msgid "" +">>> import io, sys\n" +">>> class StdoutCatcher(io.TextIOBase):\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.data = []\n" +"... def write(self, stuff):\n" +"... self.data.append(stuff)\n" +"...\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher()\n" +">>> print('foo')\n" +">>> print('hello world!')\n" +">>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.stdout.data))\n" +"foo\n" +"hello world!" +msgstr "" +">>> import io, sys\n" +">>> class StdoutCatcher(io.TextIOBase):\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.data = []\n" +"... def write(self, stuff):\n" +"... self.data.append(stuff)\n" +"...\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher()\n" +">>> print('foo')\n" +">>> print('hello world!')\n" +">>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.stdout.data))\n" +"foo\n" +"hello world!" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:182 +msgid "How do I access a module written in Python from C?" +msgstr "如何从C访问用Python编写的模块？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:184 +msgid "You can get a pointer to the module object as follows::" +msgstr "你可以通过如下方式获得一个指向模块对象的指针::" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:186 +msgid "module = PyImport_ImportModule(\"\");" +msgstr "module = PyImport_ImportModule(\"\");" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:188 +msgid "" +"If the module hasn't been imported yet (i.e. it is not yet present in " +":data:`sys.modules`), this initializes the module; otherwise it simply " +"returns the value of ``sys.modules[\"\"]``. Note that it " +"doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures it has been " +"initialized and is stored in :data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "" +"如果模块尚未被导入（即它还不存在于 :data:`sys.modules` 中），这会初始化该模块；否则它只是简单地返回 " +"``sys.modules[\"\"]`` 的值。 请注意它并不会将模块加入任何命名空间 —— 它只是确保模块被初始化并存在于 " +":data:`sys.modules` 中。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:194 +msgid "" +"You can then access the module's attributes (i.e. any name defined in the " +"module) as follows::" +msgstr "之后你就可以通过如下方式来访问模块的属性（即模块中定义的任何名称）::" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:197 +msgid "attr = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, \"\");" +msgstr "attr = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, \"\");" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Calling :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString` to assign to variables in the " +"module also works." +msgstr "调用 :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString` 为模块中的变量赋值也是可以的。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:204 +msgid "How do I interface to C++ objects from Python?" +msgstr "如何在 Python 中对接 C ++ 对象？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Depending on your requirements, there are many approaches. To do this " +"manually, begin by reading :ref:`the \"Extending and Embedding\" document " +"`. Realize that for the Python run-time system, there " +"isn't a whole lot of difference between C and C++ -- so the strategy of " +"building a new Python type around a C structure (pointer) type will also " +"work for C++ objects." +msgstr "" +"根据你的需求，可以选择许多方式。 手动的实现方式请查阅 :ref:`\"扩展与嵌入\" 文档 ` 来入门。 " +"需要知道的是对于 Python 运行时系统来说，C 和 C++ 并不没有太大的区别 —— 因此围绕一个 C 结构（指针）类型构建新 Python " +"对象的策略同样适用于 C++ 对象。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:212 +msgid "For C++ libraries, see :ref:`c-wrapper-software`." +msgstr "有关C ++库，请参阅 :ref:`c-wrapper-software`" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:216 +msgid "I added a module using the Setup file and the make fails; why?" +msgstr "我使用Setup文件添加了一个模块，为什么make失败了？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Setup must end in a newline, if there is no newline there, the build process" +" fails. (Fixing this requires some ugly shell script hackery, and this bug " +"is so minor that it doesn't seem worth the effort.)" +msgstr "" +"安装程序必须以换行符结束，如果没有换行符，则构建过程将失败。 " +"（修复这个需要一些丑陋的shell脚本编程，而且这个bug很小，看起来不值得花这么大力气。)" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:224 +msgid "How do I debug an extension?" +msgstr "如何调试扩展？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:226 +msgid "" +"When using GDB with dynamically loaded extensions, you can't set a " +"breakpoint in your extension until your extension is loaded." +msgstr "将GDB与动态加载的扩展名一起使用时，在加载扩展名之前，不能在扩展名中设置断点。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:229 +msgid "In your ``.gdbinit`` file (or interactively), add the command:" +msgstr "在您的 ``.gdbinit`` 文件中（或交互式）添加命令：" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:231 +msgid "br _PyImport_LoadDynamicModule" +msgstr "br _PyImport_LoadDynamicModule" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:235 +msgid "Then, when you run GDB:" +msgstr "然后运行GDB：" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:237 +msgid "" +"$ gdb /local/bin/python\n" +"gdb) run myscript.py\n" +"gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded\n" +"gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded\n" +"gdb) br myfunction.c:50\n" +"gdb) continue" +msgstr "" +"$ gdb /local/bin/python\n" +"gdb) run myscript.py\n" +"gdb) continue # 重复直到你的扩展被载入\n" +"gdb) finish # 你的扩展已被载入\n" +"gdb) br myfunction.c:50\n" +"gdb) continue" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:247 +msgid "" +"I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are " +"missing. Why?" +msgstr "我想在Linux系统上编译一个Python模块，但是缺少一些文件。为什么?" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Most packaged versions of Python omit some files required for compiling " +"Python extensions." +msgstr "大多数打包的 Python 版本都会省略一些编译 Python 扩展所必需的文件。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:252 +msgid "For Red Hat, install the python3-devel RPM to get the necessary files." +msgstr "对于 Red Hat，请安装 python3-devel RPM 来获取必需的文件。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:254 +msgid "For Debian, run ``apt-get install python3-dev``." +msgstr "对于 Debian，请运行 ``apt-get install python3-dev``。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:257 +msgid "How do I tell \"incomplete input\" from \"invalid input\"?" +msgstr "如何区分“输入不完整”和“输入无效”？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want to emulate the Python interactive interpreter's behavior," +" where it gives you a continuation prompt when the input is incomplete (e.g." +" you typed the start of an \"if\" statement or you didn't close your " +"parentheses or triple string quotes), but it gives you a syntax error " +"message immediately when the input is invalid." +msgstr "" +"有时，希望模仿Python交互式解释器的行为，在输入不完整时(例如，您键入了“if”语句的开头，或者没有关闭括号或三个字符串引号)，给出一个延续提示，但当输入无效时，立即给出一条语法错误消息。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:265 +msgid "" +"In Python you can use the :mod:`codeop` module, which approximates the " +"parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example." +msgstr "在Python中，您可以使用 :mod:`codeop` 模块，该模块非常接近解析器的行为。例如，IDLE就使用了这个。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:268 +msgid "" +"The easiest way to do it in C is to call :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoop` " +"(perhaps in a separate thread) and let the Python interpreter handle the " +"input for you. You can also set the :c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` " +"to point at your custom input function. See ``Modules/readline.c`` and " +"``Parser/myreadline.c`` for more hints." +msgstr "" +"在C中执行此操作的最简单方法是调用 :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoop` " +"（可能在单独的线程中）并让Python解释器为您处理输入。您还可以设置 :c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` " +"指向您的自定义输入函数。有关更多提示，请参阅 ``Modules/readline.c`` 和 ``Parser/myreadline.c`` 。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:275 +msgid "How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual?" +msgstr "如何找到未定义的g++符号__builtin_new或__pure_virtual？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:277 +msgid "" +"To dynamically load g++ extension modules, you must recompile Python, relink" +" it using g++ (change LINKCC in the Python Modules Makefile), and link your " +"extension module using g++ (e.g., ``g++ -shared -o mymodule.so " +"mymodule.o``)." +msgstr "" +"要动态加载g ++扩展模块，必须重新编译Python，要使用g ++重新链接（在Python Modules " +"Makefile中更改LINKCC），及链接扩展模块（例如： ``g++ -shared -o mymodule.so mymodule.o`` ）。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others " +"in Python (e.g. through inheritance)?" +msgstr "能否创建一个对象类，其中部分方法在C中实现，而其他方法在Python中实现（例如通过继承）？" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, " +":class:`list`, :class:`dict`, etc." +msgstr "是的，您可以继承内置类，例如 :class:`int` ， :class:`list` ， :class:`dict` 等。" + +#: ../../faq/extending.rst:288 +msgid "" +"The Boost Python Library (BPL, " +"https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html) provides a way of doing " +"this from C++ (i.e. you can inherit from an extension class written in C++ " +"using the BPL)." +msgstr "" +"Boost Python Library (BPL, https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html)" +" 提供了一种从 C++ 执行此操作的方式（即你可以使用 BPL 来继承用 C++ 编写的扩展类）。" diff --git a/faq/general.po b/faq/general.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..353ca04e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/general.po @@ -0,0 +1,838 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Konge , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:5 +msgid "General Python FAQ" +msgstr "Python常见问题" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:8 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:13 +msgid "General Information" +msgstr "一般信息" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:16 +msgid "What is Python?" +msgstr "什么是 Python？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language." +" It incorporates modules, exceptions, dynamic typing, very high level " +"dynamic data types, and classes. It supports multiple programming paradigms" +" beyond object-oriented programming, such as procedural and functional " +"programming. Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. It has" +" interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various window" +" systems, and is extensible in C or C++. It is also usable as an extension " +"language for applications that need a programmable interface. Finally, " +"Python is portable: it runs on many Unix variants including Linux and macOS," +" and on Windows." +msgstr "" +"Python 是一种解释型、交互式、面向对象的编程语言。 它包含了模块、异常、动态类型、高层级动态数据类型以及类等特性。 " +"在面向对象编程以外它还支持多种编程范式，例如过程式和函数式编程等。 Python 结合了超强的功能和极清晰的语法。 " +"它带有许多系统调用和库以及多种窗口系统的接口，并且能用 C 或 C++ 来进行扩展。 它还可用作需要可编程接口的应用程序的扩展语言。 最后，Python" +" 非常易于移植：它可以在包括 Linux 和 macOS 在内的许多 Unix 变种以及 Windows 上运行。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:28 +msgid "" +"To find out more, start with :ref:`tutorial-index`. The `Beginner's Guide " +"to Python `_ links to other " +"introductory tutorials and resources for learning Python." +msgstr "" +"要了解更多详情，请先查看 :ref:`tutorial-index`。 `Python 新手指南 " +"`_ 提供了学习 Python 的其他入门教程及资源的链接。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:34 +msgid "What is the Python Software Foundation?" +msgstr "什么是 Python 软件基金会？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The Python Software Foundation is an independent non-profit organization " +"that holds the copyright on Python versions 2.1 and newer. The PSF's " +"mission is to advance open source technology related to the Python " +"programming language and to publicize the use of Python. The PSF's home " +"page is at https://www.python.org/psf/." +msgstr "" +"Python 软件基金会（Python Software Foundation，简称 PSF）是一个独立的非盈利组织，它拥有 Python 2.1 " +"及以上各版本的版权。 PSF 的使命是推进与 Python 编程语言相关的开源技术，并推广 Python 的使用。 PSF 的主页是 " +"https://www.python.org/psf/。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Donations to the PSF are tax-exempt in the US. If you use Python and find " +"it helpful, please contribute via `the PSF donation page " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"向 PSF 提供捐助在美国是免税的。 如果你在使用 Python 并且感觉它对你很有帮助，可以通过 `PSF 捐助页 " +"`_ 进行捐助。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:48 +msgid "Are there copyright restrictions on the use of Python?" +msgstr "使用 Python 是否存在版权限制？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:50 +msgid "" +"You can do anything you want with the source, as long as you leave the " +"copyrights in and display those copyrights in any documentation about Python" +" that you produce. If you honor the copyright rules, it's OK to use Python " +"for commercial use, to sell copies of Python in source or binary form " +"(modified or unmodified), or to sell products that incorporate Python in " +"some form. We would still like to know about all commercial use of Python, " +"of course." +msgstr "" +"你可以任意使用源码，只要你保留版权信息并在你基于 Python 的产品文档中显示该版权信息。 如果你遵守此版权规则，就可以将 Python " +"用于商业领域，以源码或二进制码的形式（不论是否经过修改）销售 Python 的副本，或是以某种形式包含了 Python 的产品。 " +"当然，我们仍然希望获知所有对 Python 的商业使用。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:57 +msgid "" +"See `the license page `_ to find " +"further explanations and the full text of the PSF License." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 `许可页 `_ 以查看进一步的说明以及 PSF 许可的完整文本。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The Python logo is trademarked, and in certain cases permission is required " +"to use it. Consult `the Trademark Usage Policy " +"`__ for more information." +msgstr "" +"Python 的徽标是注册商标，在某些情况下需要获得允许方可使用。 请参阅 `商标使用政策 " +"`__ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:66 +msgid "Why was Python created in the first place?" +msgstr "创造 Python 的最初理由是什么？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Here's a *very* brief summary of what started it all, written by Guido van " +"Rossum:" +msgstr "以下是有关最初缘起的一份 *非常* 简短的摘要，由 Guido van Rossum 本人撰写:" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:71 +msgid "" +"I had extensive experience with implementing an interpreted language in the " +"ABC group at CWI, and from working with this group I had learned a lot about" +" language design. This is the origin of many Python features, including the" +" use of indentation for statement grouping and the inclusion of very-high-" +"level data types (although the details are all different in Python)." +msgstr "" +"我在 CWI 的 ABC 部门时在实现解释型语言方面积累了丰富经验，通过与这个部门成员的协同工作，我学到了大量有关语言设计的知识。 这是许多 " +"Python 特性的最初来源，包括使用缩进来组织语句以及包含非常高层级的数据结构（虽然在 Python 中具体的实现细节完全不同）。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:78 +msgid "" +"I had a number of gripes about the ABC language, but also liked many of its " +"features. It was impossible to extend the ABC language (or its " +"implementation) to remedy my complaints -- in fact its lack of extensibility" +" was one of its biggest problems. I had some experience with using " +"Modula-2+ and talked with the designers of Modula-3 and read the Modula-3 " +"report. Modula-3 is the origin of the syntax and semantics used for " +"exceptions, and some other Python features." +msgstr "" +"我对 ABC 语言有过许多抱怨，但同时也很喜欢它的许多特性。 没有可能通过扩展 ABC 语言（或它的实现）来弥补我的不满 —— " +"实际上缺乏可扩展性就是它最大的问题之一。 我也有一些使用 Modula-2+ 的经验，并曾与 Modula-3 的设计者进行交流，还阅读了 " +"Modula-3 的报告。 Modula-3 是 Python 中异常机制所用语法和语义，以及其他一些语言特性的最初来源。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:86 +msgid "" +"I was working in the Amoeba distributed operating system group at CWI. We " +"needed a better way to do system administration than by writing either C " +"programs or Bourne shell scripts, since Amoeba had its own system call " +"interface which wasn't easily accessible from the Bourne shell. My " +"experience with error handling in Amoeba made me acutely aware of the " +"importance of exceptions as a programming language feature." +msgstr "" +"我还曾在 CWI 的 Amoeba 分布式操作系统部门工作。 当时我们需要有一种比编写 C 程序或 Bash 脚本更好的方式来进行系统管理，因为 " +"Amoeba 有它自己的系统调用接口，并且无法方便地通过 Bash 来访问。 我在 Amoeba " +"中处理错误的经验令我深刻地意识到异常处理在编程语言特性当中的重要地位。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:93 +msgid "" +"It occurred to me that a scripting language with a syntax like ABC but with " +"access to the Amoeba system calls would fill the need. I realized that it " +"would be foolish to write an Amoeba-specific language, so I decided that I " +"needed a language that was generally extensible." +msgstr "" +"我发现，某种具有 ABC 式的语法而又能访问 Amoeba 系统调用的脚本语言将可满足需求。 我意识到编写一种 Amoeba " +"专属的语言是愚蠢的，所以我决定编写一种具有全面可扩展性的语言。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:98 +msgid "" +"During the 1989 Christmas holidays, I had a lot of time on my hand, so I " +"decided to give it a try. During the next year, while still mostly working " +"on it in my own time, Python was used in the Amoeba project with increasing " +"success, and the feedback from colleagues made me add many early " +"improvements." +msgstr "" +"在 1989 年的圣诞假期中，我手头的时间非常充裕，因此我决定开始尝试一下。 在接下来的一年里，虽然我仍然主要用我的业余时间来做这件事，但 Python" +" 在 Amoeba 项目中的使用获得了很大的成功，来自同事的反馈让我得以增加了许多早期的改进。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:104 +msgid "" +"In February 1991, after just over a year of development, I decided to post " +"to USENET. The rest is in the ``Misc/HISTORY`` file." +msgstr "" +"到 1991 年 2 月，经过一年多的开发，我决定将其发布到 USENET。 之后的事情就都可以在 ``Misc/HISTORY`` 文件里面看了。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:109 +msgid "What is Python good for?" +msgstr "Python 适合做什么？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Python is a high-level general-purpose programming language that can be " +"applied to many different classes of problems." +msgstr "Python 是一种高层级的多用途编程语言，可用于解决许多不同门类的问题。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:114 +msgid "" +"The language comes with a large standard library that covers areas such as " +"string processing (regular expressions, Unicode, calculating differences " +"between files), internet protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, XML-RPC, POP, IMAP), " +"software engineering (unit testing, logging, profiling, parsing Python " +"code), and operating system interfaces (system calls, filesystems, TCP/IP " +"sockets). Look at the table of contents for :ref:`library-index` to get an " +"idea of what's available. A wide variety of third-party extensions are also" +" available. Consult `the Python Package Index `_ to find " +"packages of interest to you." +msgstr "" +"本语言自带一个庞大标准库，所涵盖的编程领域包括字符串处理（正则表达式、Unicode、文件间的差异比较等），互联网协议（HTTP, FTP, SMTP," +" XML-RPC, POP, IMAP），软件工程（单元测试、日志记录、性能分析、Python " +"代码解析），以及操作系统接口（系统调用、文件系统、TCP/IP 套接字）。 请查看 :ref:`library-index` " +"目录页以获取所有可用内容的概览。 此外还有大量第三方扩展包可供使用。 请访问 `Python 软件包索引 `_ " +"来查找你感兴趣的软件包。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:128 +msgid "How does the Python version numbering scheme work?" +msgstr "Python 版本的编号形式是怎样的？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:130 +msgid "Python versions are numbered \"A.B.C\" or \"A.B\":" +msgstr "Python 版本的编号形式为 \"A.B.C\" 或 \"A.B\":" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:132 +msgid "" +"*A* is the major version number -- it is only incremented for really major " +"changes in the language." +msgstr "*A* 是主版本号 -- 它仅会针对语言中非常重大的改变而递增。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:134 +msgid "" +"*B* is the minor version number -- it is incremented for less earth-" +"shattering changes." +msgstr "*B* 是次版本号 -- 它会针对不太重大的改变而递增。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:136 +msgid "" +"*C* is the micro version number -- it is incremented for each bugfix " +"release." +msgstr "*C* 是微版本号 -- 它针对每次问题修正发布而递增。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Not all releases are bugfix releases. In the run-up to a new feature " +"release, a series of development releases are made, denoted as alpha, beta, " +"or release candidate. Alphas are early releases in which interfaces aren't " +"yet finalized; it's not unexpected to see an interface change between two " +"alpha releases. Betas are more stable, preserving existing interfaces but " +"possibly adding new modules, and release candidates are frozen, making no " +"changes except as needed to fix critical bugs." +msgstr "" +"并非所有发布版本都是问题修正版本。 在新特征发布版本的开发过程中，会制作一系列的开发版本，它们以 alpha, beta 或 release " +"candidate 来标示。 其中 alpha 版本是早期发布版，它的接口尚未最终确定；在两个 alpha 发布版本间出现接口的改变并不意外。 而 " +"beta 版本更为稳定，它会保留现有的接口，但也可能增加新的模块，而 release candidate " +"版则会保持冻结状态，不做任何改变，除非有需要修复的严重问题。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:146 +msgid "Alpha, beta and release candidate versions have an additional suffix:" +msgstr "Alpha, beta 和候选发布版带有额外的后缀:" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:148 +msgid "The suffix for an alpha version is \"aN\" for some small number *N*." +msgstr "带有某个小数字 *N* 的 alpha 版后缀是 \"aN\"。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:149 +msgid "The suffix for a beta version is \"bN\" for some small number *N*." +msgstr "带有某个小数字 *N* 的 beta 版后缀是 \"bN\"。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:150 +msgid "" +"The suffix for a release candidate version is \"rcN\" for some small number " +"*N*." +msgstr "带有某个小数字 *N* 的候选发布版后缀是 \"rcN\"。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:152 +msgid "" +"In other words, all versions labeled *2.0aN* precede the versions labeled " +"*2.0bN*, which precede versions labeled *2.0rcN*, and *those* precede 2.0." +msgstr "" +"换句话说，所有标记为 *2.0aN* 的版本都早于标记为 *2.0bN* 的版本，后者又都早于标记为 *2.0rcN* 的版本，而 *后者* " +"又都早于标记为 2.0 的版本。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:155 +msgid "" +"You may also find version numbers with a \"+\" suffix, e.g. \"2.2+\". These" +" are unreleased versions, built directly from the CPython development " +"repository. In practice, after a final minor release is made, the version " +"is incremented to the next minor version, which becomes the \"a0\" version, " +"e.g. \"2.4a0\"." +msgstr "" +"你还可能看到带有“+”后缀的版本号，例如“2.2+”。 这表示未发布版本，直接基于 CPython 开发代码仓库构建。 " +"在实际操作中，当一个小版本最终发布后，未发布版本号会递增到下一个小版本号，成为“a0”版本，例如“2.4a0”。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:160 +msgid "" +"See the `Developer's Guide `__ for more information about the development " +"cycle, and :pep:`387` to learn more about Python's backward compatibility " +"policy. See also the documentation for :data:`sys.version`, " +":data:`sys.hexversion`, and :data:`sys.version_info`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 `Developer's Guide `__ 获取更多有关开发流程的信息，并参阅 :pep:`387` 了解更多有关 Python " +"的向下兼容策略的信息。 另请参阅有关 :data:`sys.version`, :data:`sys.hexversion` 和 " +":data:`sys.version_info` 的文档。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:169 +msgid "How do I obtain a copy of the Python source?" +msgstr "我应如何获取一份 Python 源代码的副本？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:171 +msgid "" +"The latest Python source distribution is always available from python.org, " +"at https://www.python.org/downloads/. The latest development sources can be" +" obtained at https://github.com/python/cpython/." +msgstr "" +"最新的 Python 发布版源代码总能从 python.org 获取，下载页链接为 https://www.python.org/downloads/。" +" 最新的开发版源代码可以在 https://github.com/python/cpython/ 获取。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:175 +msgid "" +"The source distribution is a gzipped tar file containing the complete C " +"source, Sphinx-formatted documentation, Python library modules, example " +"programs, and several useful pieces of freely distributable software. The " +"source will compile and run out of the box on most UNIX platforms." +msgstr "" +"发布版源代码是一个以 gzip 压缩的 tar 文件，其中包含完整的 C 源代码、Sphinx 格式的文档、Python " +"库模块、示例程序以及一些有用的自由分发软件。 该源代码将可在大多数 UNIX 类平台上直接编译并运行。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Consult the `Getting Started section of the Python Developer's Guide " +"`__ for more information on getting the " +"source code and compiling it." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 `Python 开发者指南的初步上手部分 `__ " +"了解有关获取源代码并进行编译的更多信息。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:186 +msgid "How do I get documentation on Python?" +msgstr "我应如何获取 Python 的文档？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:188 +msgid "" +"The standard documentation for the current stable version of Python is " +"available at https://docs.python.org/3/. PDF, plain text, and downloadable " +"HTML versions are also available at https://docs.python.org/3/download.html." +msgstr "" +"当前的 Python 稳定版本的标准文档可在 https://docs.python.org/3/ 查看。 也可在 " +"https://docs.python.org/3/download.html 获取PDF、纯文本以及可下载的 HTML 版本。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:192 +msgid "" +"The documentation is written in reStructuredText and processed by `the " +"Sphinx documentation tool `__. The " +"reStructuredText source for the documentation is part of the Python source " +"distribution." +msgstr "" +"文档以 reStructuredText 格式撰写并使用 `Sphinx 文档工具 `__ " +"生成。 文档的 reStructuredText 源文件是 Python 源代码发布版的一部分。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:198 +msgid "I've never programmed before. Is there a Python tutorial?" +msgstr "我之前从未接触过编程。 哪里有 Python 的教程？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:200 +msgid "" +"There are numerous tutorials and books available. The standard " +"documentation includes :ref:`tutorial-index`." +msgstr "有许多可选择的教程和书籍。 标准文档中也包含有 :ref:`tutorial-index`。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Consult `the Beginner's Guide " +"`_ to find information for " +"beginning Python programmers, including lists of tutorials." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 `新手指南 `_ 以获取针对 Python " +"编程初学者的信息，包括教程的清单。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:208 +msgid "Is there a newsgroup or mailing list devoted to Python?" +msgstr "是否有专门针对 Python 的新闻组或邮件列表？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:210 +msgid "" +"There is a newsgroup, :newsgroup:`comp.lang.python`, and a mailing list, " +"`python-list `_. The " +"newsgroup and mailing list are gatewayed into each other -- if you can read " +"news it's unnecessary to subscribe to the mailing list. " +":newsgroup:`comp.lang.python` is high-traffic, receiving hundreds of " +"postings every day, and Usenet readers are often more able to cope with this" +" volume." +msgstr "" +"有一个新闻组 :newsgroup:`comp.lang.python` 和一个邮件列表 `python-list " +"`_。 新闻组和邮件列表是彼此互通的 —— " +"如果你可以阅读新闻就不必再订阅邮件列表。 :newsgroup:`comp.lang.python` 的流量很大，每天会收到数以百计的发帖，Usenet" +" 使用者通常更擅长处理这样大的流量。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Announcements of new software releases and events can be found in " +"comp.lang.python.announce, a low-traffic moderated list that receives about " +"five postings per day. It's available as `the python-announce mailing list " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"有关新软件发布和活动的公告可以在 comp.lang.python.announce 中找到，这是个严格管理的低流量列表，每天发帖五个左右。 可在 " +"`python-announce 邮件列表 `_ 订阅。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:222 +msgid "" +"More info about other mailing lists and newsgroups can be found at " +"https://www.python.org/community/lists/." +msgstr "有关其他邮件列表和新闻组的更多信息可以在 https://www.python.org/community/lists/ 找到。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:227 +msgid "How do I get a beta test version of Python?" +msgstr "我应如何获取 Python 的公开测试版本？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Alpha and beta releases are available from " +"https://www.python.org/downloads/. All releases are announced on the " +"comp.lang.python and comp.lang.python.announce newsgroups and on the Python " +"home page at https://www.python.org/; an RSS feed of news is available." +msgstr "" +"可以从 https://www.python.org/downloads/ 下载 alpha 和 beta 发布版。 所有发布版都会在 " +"comp.lang.python 和 comp.lang.python.announce 新闻组以及 Python 主页 " +"https://www.python.org/ 上进行公告；并会推送到 RSS 新闻源。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:234 +msgid "" +"You can also access the development version of Python through Git. See `The" +" Python Developer's Guide `_ for details." +msgstr "" +"你还可以通过 Git 访问 Python 的开发版。 请参阅 `Python 开发者指南 " +"`_ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:239 +msgid "How do I submit bug reports and patches for Python?" +msgstr "我应如何为 Python 提交错误报告和补丁？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:241 +msgid "" +"To report a bug or submit a patch, use the issue tracker at " +"https://github.com/python/cpython/issues." +msgstr "要报告问题或提交补丁，请使用位于 https://github.com/python/cpython/issues 的问题追踪器。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:244 +msgid "" +"For more information on how Python is developed, consult `the Python " +"Developer's Guide `_." +msgstr "" +"有关 Python 开发流程的更多信息，请参阅 `Python 开发者指南 `_。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:249 +msgid "Are there any published articles about Python that I can reference?" +msgstr "是否有任何公开发表的 Python 相关文章可以供我参考引用？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:251 +msgid "It's probably best to cite your favorite book about Python." +msgstr "可能作为参考文献的最好方式还是引用你喜欢的 Python 相关书籍。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The `very first article `_ about Python was " +"written in 1991 and is now quite outdated." +msgstr "" +"有关 Python 的 `最早的文章 `_ 撰写于 1991 年因而现在已相当过时。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Guido van Rossum and Jelke de Boer, \"Interactively Testing Remote Servers " +"Using the Python Programming Language\", CWI Quarterly, Volume 4, Issue 4 " +"(December 1991), Amsterdam, pp 283--303." +msgstr "" +"Guido van Rossum 与 Jelke de Boer, \"使用 Python 编程语言交互式地测试远程服务器\", CWI 季刊, 第 4" +" 卷, 第 4 期 (1991 年 12 月), 阿姆斯特丹, 第 283--303 页。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:262 +msgid "Are there any books on Python?" +msgstr "是否有任何 Python 相关的书籍？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Yes, there are many, and more are being published. See the python.org wiki " +"at https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks for a list." +msgstr "" +"是的，相关的书籍很多，还有更多即将发行。 请访问 python.org 的 wiki 页面 " +"https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks 获取一份清单。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:267 +msgid "" +"You can also search online bookstores for \"Python\" and filter out the " +"Monty Python references; or perhaps search for \"Python\" and \"language\"." +msgstr "" +"你也可以到各大在线书店搜索 \"Python\" 并过滤掉对 Monty Python 的引用；或者也可以搜索 \"Python\" 加 " +"\"language\"。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:272 +msgid "Where in the world is www.python.org located?" +msgstr "www.python.org 具体位于世界上的哪个地点？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:274 +msgid "" +"The Python project's infrastructure is located all over the world and is " +"managed by the Python Infrastructure Team. Details `here " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"Python 项目的基础设施分布于世界各地并由 Python 基础设施团队负责管理。 相关细节请访问 `这里 " +"`__。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:279 +msgid "Why is it called Python?" +msgstr "为何命名为 Python？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:281 +msgid "" +"When he began implementing Python, Guido van Rossum was also reading the " +"published scripts from `\"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" " +"`__, a BBC comedy series from " +"the 1970s. Van Rossum thought he needed a name that was short, unique, and " +"slightly mysterious, so he decided to call the language Python." +msgstr "" +"在着手编写 Python 实现的时候，Guido van Rossum 同时还阅读了刚出版的 `\"Monty Python 的飞行马戏团\" " +"`__ 剧本，这是一部自 1970 年代开始播出的 BBC " +"系列喜剧。 Van Rossum 觉得他需要选择一个简短、独特而又略显神秘的名字，于是他决定将这个新语言命名为 Python。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:289 +msgid "Do I have to like \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\"?" +msgstr "我必须喜欢 \"Monty Python 的飞行马戏团\" 吗？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:291 +msgid "No, but it helps. :)" +msgstr "不必，但这对学习会有帮助。 :)" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:295 +msgid "Python in the real world" +msgstr "现实世界中的 Python" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:298 +msgid "How stable is Python?" +msgstr "Python 有多稳定？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Very stable. New, stable releases have been coming out roughly every 6 to " +"18 months since 1991, and this seems likely to continue. As of version 3.9," +" Python will have a new feature release every 12 months (:pep:`602`)." +msgstr "" +"非常稳定。 自 1991 年起大约每隔 6 至 18 个月就会推出新的稳定发布版，这种状态看来还会持续下去。 从 3.9 版开始，Python 将会每隔" +" 12 个月推出一个新增特征版本 (:pep:`602`)。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:304 +msgid "" +"The developers issue bugfix releases of older versions, so the stability of " +"existing releases gradually improves. Bugfix releases, indicated by a third" +" component of the version number (e.g. 3.5.3, 3.6.2), are managed for " +"stability; only fixes for known problems are included in a bugfix release, " +"and it's guaranteed that interfaces will remain the same throughout a series" +" of bugfix releases." +msgstr "" +"开发者也会推出较旧版本的问题修正发布版，因此现有发布版的稳定性还会逐步提升。 问题修正发布版会以版本号第三部分的数字来标示（例如 3.5.3, " +"3.6.2），用于稳定性管理；只有对已知问题的修正会包含在问题修正发布版中，而同一系列的问题修正发布版中的接口将会始终保持一致。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:311 +msgid "" +"The latest stable releases can always be found on the `Python download page " +"`_. Python 3.x is the recommended version" +" and supported by most widely used libraries. Python 2.x :pep:`is not " +"maintained anymore <373>`." +msgstr "" +"最新的稳定发布版总是可以在 `Python 下载页 `_ 中找到。 Python " +"3.x 是推荐的版本并被大多数广泛使用的库所支持。 Python 2.x :pep:`已不再维护 <373>`。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:318 +msgid "How many people are using Python?" +msgstr "有多少人在使用 Python？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:320 +msgid "" +"There are probably millions of users, though it's difficult to obtain an " +"exact count." +msgstr "使用者应该数以百万计，但很难获得一个精确的数字。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:323 +msgid "" +"Python is available for free download, so there are no sales figures, and " +"it's available from many different sites and packaged with many Linux " +"distributions, so download statistics don't tell the whole story either." +msgstr "" +"Python 可以免费下载，因此并不存在销量数据，此外它也可以从许多不同网站获取，并且包含于许多 Linux " +"发行版之中，因此下载量统计同样无法完全说明问题。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:327 +msgid "" +"The comp.lang.python newsgroup is very active, but not all Python users post" +" to the group or even read it." +msgstr "comp.lang.python 新闻组非常活跃，但不是所有 Python 用户都会在新闻组发帖，许多人甚至不会阅读新闻组。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:332 +msgid "Have any significant projects been done in Python?" +msgstr "有哪些重要的项目是用 Python 开发的？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:334 +msgid "" +"See https://www.python.org/about/success for a list of projects that use " +"Python. Consulting the proceedings for `past Python conferences " +"`_ will reveal contributions " +"from many different companies and organizations." +msgstr "" +"请访问 https://www.python.org/about/success 查看使用了 Python 的项目列表。 阅览 `历次 Python " +"会议 `_ 的日程纪要可以看到许多不同公司和组织所做的贡献。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:339 +msgid "" +"High-profile Python projects include `the Mailman mailing list manager " +"`_ and `the Zope application server " +"`_. Several Linux distributions, most notably `Red " +"Hat `_, have written part or all of their installer " +"and system administration software in Python. Companies that use Python " +"internally include Google, Yahoo, and Lucasfilm Ltd." +msgstr "" +"高水准的 Python 项目包括 `Mailman 邮件列表管理器 `_ 和 `Zope 应用服务器 " +"`_。 多个 Linux 发行版，其中最著名的是 `Red Hat " +"`_，都使用 Python 来编写其部分或全部的安装器和系统管理软件。 在内部使用 Python " +"的公司包括了 Google, Yahoo 和 Lucasfilm 等等。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:348 +msgid "What new developments are expected for Python in the future?" +msgstr "在未来可以期待 Python 将有什么新进展？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:350 +msgid "" +"See https://peps.python.org/ for the Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs). " +"PEPs are design documents describing a suggested new feature for Python, " +"providing a concise technical specification and a rationale. Look for a PEP" +" titled \"Python X.Y Release Schedule\", where X.Y is a version that hasn't " +"been publicly released yet." +msgstr "" +"请访问 https://peps.python.org/ 查看 Python 增强提议（PEP）。 PEP 是为 Python " +"加入某种新特性的提议进行描述的设计文档，其中会提供简明的技术规格说明与基本原理。 可查找标题为 \"Python X.Y Release " +"Schedule\" 的 PEP，其中 X.Y 是某个尚未公开发布的版本。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:356 +msgid "" +"New development is discussed on `the python-dev mailing list " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"新版本的开发会在 `python-dev 邮件列表 `_ 中进行讨论。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:361 +msgid "Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?" +msgstr "提议对 Python 加入不兼容的更改是否合理？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:363 +msgid "" +"In general, no. There are already millions of lines of Python code around " +"the world, so any change in the language that invalidates more than a very " +"small fraction of existing programs has to be frowned upon. Even if you can" +" provide a conversion program, there's still the problem of updating all " +"documentation; many books have been written about Python, and we don't want " +"to invalidate them all at a single stroke." +msgstr "" +"通常来说是不合理的。 世界上已存在的 Python 代码数以亿计，因此，任何对该语言的更改即便仅会使得现有程序中极少的一部分失效也是难以令人接受的。 " +"就算你可以提供一个转换程序，也仍然存在需要更新全部文档的问题；另外还有大量已出版的 Python 书籍，我们不希望让它们在一瞬间全部变成废纸。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Providing a gradual upgrade path is necessary if a feature has to be " +"changed. :pep:`5` describes the procedure followed for introducing backward-" +"incompatible changes while minimizing disruption for users." +msgstr "如果必须更改某个特性，则应该提供渐进式的升级路径。 :pep:`5` 描述了引入向后不兼容的更改所需遵循的流程，以尽可能减少对用户的干扰。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:376 +msgid "Is Python a good language for beginning programmers?" +msgstr "Python 是一种对编程初学者友好的语言吗？" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:378 +msgid "Yes." +msgstr "是的。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:380 +msgid "" +"It is still common to start students with a procedural and statically typed " +"language such as Pascal, C, or a subset of C++ or Java. Students may be " +"better served by learning Python as their first language. Python has a very" +" simple and consistent syntax and a large standard library and, most " +"importantly, using Python in a beginning programming course lets students " +"concentrate on important programming skills such as problem decomposition " +"and data type design. With Python, students can be quickly introduced to " +"basic concepts such as loops and procedures. They can probably even work " +"with user-defined objects in their very first course." +msgstr "" +"从过程式、静态类型的编程语言例如 Pascal, C 或者 C++ 以及 Java 的某一子集开始引导学生入门仍然是常见的做法。 但以 Python " +"作为第一种编程语言进行学习对学生可能更有利。Python 具有非常简单和一致的语法和庞大的标准库，而且最重要的是，在编程入门教学中使用 Python " +"可以让学生专注于更重要的编程技能，例如问题分解与数据类型设计。 使用 Python，可以快速向学生介绍基本概念例如循环与过程等。 " +"他们甚至有可能在第一次课里就开始接触用户自定义对象。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:390 +msgid "" +"For a student who has never programmed before, using a statically typed " +"language seems unnatural. It presents additional complexity that the " +"student must master and slows the pace of the course. The students are " +"trying to learn to think like a computer, decompose problems, design " +"consistent interfaces, and encapsulate data. While learning to use a " +"statically typed language is important in the long term, it is not " +"necessarily the best topic to address in the students' first programming " +"course." +msgstr "" +"对于之前从未接触过编程的学生来说，使用静态类型语言会感觉不够自然。 这会给学生带来必须掌握的额外复杂性，并减慢教学的进度。 " +"学生需要尝试像计算机一样思考，分解问题，设计一致的接口并封装数据。 " +"虽然从长远来看，学习和使用一种静态类型语言是很重要的，但这并不是最适宜在学生的第一次编程课上就进行探讨的主题。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:398 +msgid "" +"Many other aspects of Python make it a good first language. Like Java, " +"Python has a large standard library so that students can be assigned " +"programming projects very early in the course that *do* something. " +"Assignments aren't restricted to the standard four-function calculator and " +"check balancing programs. By using the standard library, students can gain " +"the satisfaction of working on realistic applications as they learn the " +"fundamentals of programming. Using the standard library also teaches " +"students about code reuse. Third-party modules such as PyGame are also " +"helpful in extending the students' reach." +msgstr "" +"还有许多其他方面的特点使得 Python 成为很好的入门语言。 像 Java 一样，Python " +"拥有一个庞大的标准库，因此可以在课程非常早期的阶段就给学生布置一些 *实用* 的编程项目。 编程作业不必仅限于标准四则运算和账目检查程序。 " +"通过使用标准库，学生可以在学习编程基础知识的同时开发真正的应用，从而获得更大的满足感。 使用标准库还能使学生了解代码重用的概念。 而像 PyGame " +"这样的第三方模块同样有助于扩大学生的接触领域。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Python's interactive interpreter enables students to test language features " +"while they're programming. They can keep a window with the interpreter " +"running while they enter their program's source in another window. If they " +"can't remember the methods for a list, they can do something like this::" +msgstr "" +"Python 的解释器使学生能够在编程时测试语言特性。 他们可以在一个窗口中输入程序源代码的同时开启一个解释器运行窗口。 " +"如果他们不记得列表有哪些方法，他们这以这样做::" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:412 +msgid "" +">>> L = []\n" +">>> dir(L)\n" +"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__',\n" +"'__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__',\n" +"'__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__',\n" +"'__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__',\n" +"'__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',\n" +"'__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__',\n" +"'__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear',\n" +"'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove',\n" +"'reverse', 'sort']\n" +">>> [d for d in dir(L) if '__' not in d]\n" +"['append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']\n" +"\n" +">>> help(L.append)\n" +"Help on built-in function append:\n" +"\n" +"append(...)\n" +" L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end\n" +"\n" +">>> L.append(1)\n" +">>> L\n" +"[1]" +msgstr "" +">>> L = []\n" +">>> dir(L)\n" +"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__',\n" +"'__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__',\n" +"'__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__',\n" +"'__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__',\n" +"'__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',\n" +"'__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__',\n" +"'__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear',\n" +"'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove',\n" +"'reverse', 'sort']\n" +">>> [d for d in dir(L) if '__' not in d]\n" +"['append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']\n" +"\n" +">>> help(L.append)\n" +"Help on built-in function append:\n" +"\n" +"append(...)\n" +" L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end\n" +"\n" +">>> L.append(1)\n" +">>> L\n" +"[1]" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:436 +msgid "" +"With the interpreter, documentation is never far from the student as they " +"are programming." +msgstr "通过使用解释器，学生编写程序时参考文档总是能伴随在他们身边。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:439 +msgid "" +"There are also good IDEs for Python. IDLE is a cross-platform IDE for " +"Python that is written in Python using Tkinter. Emacs users will be happy to" +" know that there is a very good Python mode for Emacs. All of these " +"programming environments provide syntax highlighting, auto-indenting, and " +"access to the interactive interpreter while coding. Consult `the Python " +"wiki `_ for a full list of " +"Python editing environments." +msgstr "" +"Python 还拥有一些很好的 IDE。 IDLE 是一个以 Python 基于 Tkinter 编写的跨平台 Python IDE。 Emacs " +"用户将高兴地了解到 Emacs 具有非常好的 Python 模式。 所有这些编程环境都提供语法高亮、自动缩进以及在编写代码时使用交互式解释器等功能。 " +"请访问 `Python wiki `_ 查看 Python " +"编程环境的完整列表。" + +#: ../../faq/general.rst:447 +msgid "" +"If you want to discuss Python's use in education, you may be interested in " +"joining `the edu-sig mailing list " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要讨论 Python 在教育中的使用，你可能会有兴趣加入 `edu-sig 邮件列表 " +"`_。" diff --git a/faq/gui.po b/faq/gui.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d53c850a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/gui.po @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# dgy18787 , 2021 +# Kade For, 2021 +# Azuk 443 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:5 +msgid "Graphic User Interface FAQ" +msgstr "图形用户界面（GUI）常见问题" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:8 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:15 +msgid "General GUI Questions" +msgstr "图形界面常见问题" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:18 +msgid "What GUI toolkits exist for Python?" +msgstr "Python 有哪些 GUI 工具包？" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk" +" widget set, called :ref:`tkinter `. This is probably the easiest " +"to install (since it comes included with most `binary distributions " +"`_ of Python) and use. For more info " +"about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the `Tcl/Tk home page " +"`_. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the macOS, Windows, and" +" Unix platforms." +msgstr "" +"Python 的标准构建包括一个指向 Tcl/Tk 部件集的面向对象的接口，称为 :ref:`tkinter ` 。 " +"这可能是最容易安装（因为它包含在大多数 Python 的 `二进制发行版 `_ " +"中）和使用的。关于 Tk 的更多信息，包括指向源代码的信息，见 `Tcl/Tk 主页 `_ 。 Tcl/Tk " +"可以完全移植到 macOS 、 Windows 和 Unix 平台。" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are also several " +"alternatives. A `list of cross-platform " +"`_ " +"and `platform-specific " +"`_" +" GUI frameworks can be found on the python wiki." +msgstr "" +"存在多种选项，具体取决于你的目标平台。 Python Wiki 上提供了一个 `跨平台 " +"`_ 和 " +"`平台专属 `_ 的 GUI 框架列表。" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:36 +msgid "Tkinter questions" +msgstr "有关Tkinter的问题" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:39 +msgid "How do I freeze Tkinter applications?" +msgstr "我怎样“冻结”Tkinter程序？" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Freeze is a tool to create stand-alone applications. When freezing Tkinter " +"applications, the applications will not be truly stand-alone, as the " +"application will still need the Tcl and Tk libraries." +msgstr "" +"Freeze （意为 “冻结”）是一个用来创建独立应用程序的工具。 当 “冻结” Tkinter 程序时，程序并不是真的能够独立运行，因为程序仍然需要 " +"Tcl 和 Tk 库。" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:45 +msgid "" +"One solution is to ship the application with the Tcl and Tk libraries, and " +"point to them at run-time using the :envvar:`!TCL_LIBRARY` and " +":envvar:`!TK_LIBRARY` environment variables." +msgstr "" +"一种解决方案是将应用程序与 Tcl 和 Tk 库同一起发布，并在运行时使用 :envvar:`!TCL_LIBRARY` 和 " +":envvar:`!TK_LIBRARY` 环境变量指向它们的位置。" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Various third-party freeze libraries such as py2exe and cx_Freeze have " +"handling for Tkinter applications built-in." +msgstr "各种第三方冻结库例如 py2exe 和 cx_Freeze 都能够处理 Tkinter 应用程序的内置对象。" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:54 +msgid "Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?" +msgstr "在等待 I/O 操作时能够处理 Tk 事件吗？" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:56 +msgid "" +"On platforms other than Windows, yes, and you don't even need threads! But " +"you'll have to restructure your I/O code a bit. Tk has the equivalent of " +"Xt's :c:func:`!XtAddInput` call, which allows you to register a callback " +"function which will be called from the Tk mainloop when I/O is possible on a" +" file descriptor. See :ref:`tkinter-file-handlers`." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 以外的平台上，你甚至不需要使用线程！ 但您必须稍微调整一下你的 I/O 代码。 Tk 有与 Xt 的 " +":c:func:`!XtAddInput` 对应的调用，它允许你注册一个回调函数，当可以对一个文件描述符进行 I/O 操作时，该函数将从 Tk " +"的主循环中被调用。 参见 :ref:`tkinter-file-handlers`。" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:64 +msgid "I can't get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?" +msgstr "在Tkinter中键绑定不工作：为什么？" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:66 +msgid "" +"An often-heard complaint is that event handlers :ref:`bound ` to events with the :meth:`!bind` method don't get handled even when" +" the appropriate key is pressed." +msgstr "" +"一个经常听到的抱怨是：已经通过 :meth:`!bind` 方法 :ref:`绑定 ` " +"到事件的事件处理器在对应的键被按下时并没有被处理。" + +#: ../../faq/gui.rst:70 +msgid "" +"The most common cause is that the widget to which the binding applies " +"doesn't have \"keyboard focus\". Check out the Tk documentation for the " +"focus command. Usually a widget is given the keyboard focus by clicking in " +"it (but not for labels; see the takefocus option)." +msgstr "" +"最常见的原因是，那个绑定的控件没有“键盘焦点”。请在 Tk 文档中查找 focus " +"指令。通常一个控件要获得“键盘焦点”，需要点击那个控件（而不是标签；请查看 takefocus 选项）。" diff --git a/faq/index.po b/faq/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..877ab9ccd --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/index.rst:5 +msgid "Python Frequently Asked Questions" +msgstr "Python 常见问题" diff --git a/faq/installed.po b/faq/installed.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af1e69522 --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/installed.po @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# Konge , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:3 +msgid "\"Why is Python Installed on my Computer?\" FAQ" +msgstr "“为什么我的电脑上安装了 Python ？”" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:6 +msgid "What is Python?" +msgstr "什么是 Python？" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:8 +msgid "" +"Python is a programming language. It's used for many different " +"applications. It's used in some high schools and colleges as an introductory" +" programming language because Python is easy to learn, but it's also used by" +" professional software developers at places such as Google, NASA, and " +"Lucasfilm Ltd." +msgstr "" +"Python 是一种程序语言，被许多应用程序使用。它不仅因易学而在许多高校用于编程入门，还被工作于 Google、NASA " +"和卢卡斯影业等公司的软件开发人员使用。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:13 +msgid "" +"If you wish to learn more about Python, start with the `Beginner's Guide to " +"Python `_." +msgstr "" +"如果你想学习更多 Python，看看 `Beginner's Guide to Python " +"`_." + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:18 +msgid "Why is Python installed on my machine?" +msgstr "为什么我的电脑上安装了 Python ？" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:20 +msgid "" +"If you find Python installed on your system but don't remember installing " +"it, there are several possible ways it could have gotten there." +msgstr "如果你不记得你曾主动安装过 Python，但它却出现在了你的电脑上，这里有一些可能的原因。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Perhaps another user on the computer wanted to learn programming and " +"installed it; you'll have to figure out who's been using the machine and " +"might have installed it." +msgstr "可能是这台电脑的其他用户因想学习编程而安装了它，你得琢磨一下谁用过这台电脑并安装了 Python。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:26 +msgid "" +"A third-party application installed on the machine might have been written " +"in Python and included a Python installation. There are many such " +"applications, from GUI programs to network servers and administrative " +"scripts." +msgstr "" +"电脑上安装的第三方应用程序可能由 Python 写成并附带了一份 Python。这样的应用程序有很多，例如GUI程序、网络服务器、管理脚本等。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Some Windows machines also have Python installed. At this writing we're " +"aware of computers from Hewlett-Packard and Compaq that include Python. " +"Apparently some of HP/Compaq's administrative tools are written in Python." +msgstr "" +"一些 Windows 可能预装了 Python。在撰写本文时，我们了解到 Hewlett-Packard 和 Compaq " +"的计算机包含Python。显然，HP/Compaq 的一些管理工具是用 Python 编写的。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Many Unix-compatible operating systems, such as macOS and some Linux " +"distributions, have Python installed by default; it's included in the base " +"installation." +msgstr "许多与Unix兼容的操作系统，如macOS和一些Linux发行版，都默认安装了Python；它包含在基本安装中。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:38 +msgid "Can I delete Python?" +msgstr "我能删除 Python 吗？" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:40 +msgid "That depends on where Python came from." +msgstr "这取决于所安装 Python 的来源" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:42 +msgid "" +"If someone installed it deliberately, you can remove it without hurting " +"anything. On Windows, use the Add/Remove Programs icon in the Control " +"Panel." +msgstr "" +"如果有人主动安装了 Python，你可以在不影响其它程序的情况下安全移除它。在 Windows 中，可使用“控制面板”中的“添加/删除程序”卸载。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:45 +msgid "" +"If Python was installed by a third-party application, you can also remove " +"it, but that application will no longer work. You should use that " +"application's uninstaller rather than removing Python directly." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 来源于第三方应用程序，你也能删除它，但那些程序将不能正常工作。你应该使用那些应用程序的卸载器而不是直接删除 Python。" + +#: ../../faq/installed.rst:49 +msgid "" +"If Python came with your operating system, removing it is not recommended. " +"If you remove it, whatever tools were written in Python will no longer run, " +"and some of them might be important to you. Reinstalling the whole system " +"would then be required to fix things again." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 来自于你的操作系统，不推荐删除！如果删除了它，任何用 Python " +"写成的工具将无法工作，其中某些工具对于你来说可能十分重要。你甚至可能需要重装整个系统来修复因删除 Python 留下的烂摊子。" diff --git a/faq/library.po b/faq/library.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f03d92816 --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/library.po @@ -0,0 +1,1289 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cissoid , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:5 +msgid "Library and Extension FAQ" +msgstr "代码库和插件 FAQ" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:8 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:12 +msgid "General Library Questions" +msgstr "通用的代码库问题" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:15 +msgid "How do I find a module or application to perform task X?" +msgstr "如何找到可以用来做 X 任务的模块或应用？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Check :ref:`the Library Reference ` to see if there's a " +"relevant standard library module. (Eventually you'll learn what's in the " +"standard library and will be able to skip this step.)" +msgstr "在 :ref:`标准库参考 ` 中查找是否有适合的标准库模块。（如果你已经了解标准库的内容，可以跳过这一步）" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:21 +msgid "" +"For third-party packages, search the `Python Package Index " +"`_ or try `Google `_ or another " +"web search engine. Searching for \"Python\" plus a keyword or two for your " +"topic of interest will usually find something helpful." +msgstr "" +"对于第三方软件包，请搜索 `Python Package Index `_ 或者是尝试 `Google " +"`_ 或其他网络搜索引擎。 搜索 \"Python\" " +"加上一两个你感兴趣的关键词通常就会找到一些有用的信息。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:28 +msgid "Where is the math.py (socket.py, regex.py, etc.) source file?" +msgstr "math.py（socket.py，regex.py 等）的源文件在哪？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:30 +msgid "" +"If you can't find a source file for a module it may be a built-in or " +"dynamically loaded module implemented in C, C++ or other compiled language. " +"In this case you may not have the source file or it may be something like " +":file:`mathmodule.c`, somewhere in a C source directory (not on the Python " +"Path)." +msgstr "" +"如果找不到模块的源文件，可能它是一个内建的模块，或是使用 C，C++ 或其他编译型语言实现的动态加载模块。这种情况下可能是没有源码文件的，类似 " +":file:`mathmodule.c` 这样的文件会存放在 C 代码目录中（但不在 Python 目录中）。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:35 +msgid "There are (at least) three kinds of modules in Python:" +msgstr "Python 中（至少）有三类模块：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:37 +msgid "modules written in Python (.py);" +msgstr "使用 Python 编写的模块（.py)；" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:38 +msgid "" +"modules written in C and dynamically loaded (.dll, .pyd, .so, .sl, etc);" +msgstr "使用 C 编写的动态加载模块（.dll，.pyd，.so，.sl 等）；" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:39 +msgid "" +"modules written in C and linked with the interpreter; to get a list of " +"these, type::" +msgstr "使用 C 编写并链接到解释器的模块，要获取此列表，输入：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:42 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"print(sys.builtin_module_names)" +msgstr "" +"import sys\n" +"print(sys.builtin_module_names)" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:47 +msgid "How do I make a Python script executable on Unix?" +msgstr "在 Unix 中怎样让 Python 脚本可执行？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:49 +msgid "" +"You need to do two things: the script file's mode must be executable and the" +" first line must begin with ``#!`` followed by the path of the Python " +"interpreter." +msgstr "你需要做两件事：文件必须是可执行的，并且第一行需要以 ``#!`` 开头，后面跟上 Python 解释器的路径。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The first is done by executing ``chmod +x scriptfile`` or perhaps ``chmod " +"755 scriptfile``." +msgstr "第一点可以用执行 ``chmod +x scriptfile`` 或是 ``chmod 755 scriptfile`` 做到。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:56 +msgid "" +"The second can be done in a number of ways. The most straightforward way is" +" to write ::" +msgstr "第二点有很多种做法，最直接的方式是：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:59 +msgid "#!/usr/local/bin/python" +msgstr "#!/usr/local/bin/python" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:61 +msgid "" +"as the very first line of your file, using the pathname for where the Python" +" interpreter is installed on your platform." +msgstr "在文件第一行，使用你所在平台上的 Python 解释器的路径。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:64 +msgid "" +"If you would like the script to be independent of where the Python " +"interpreter lives, you can use the :program:`env` program. Almost all Unix " +"variants support the following, assuming the Python interpreter is in a " +"directory on the user's :envvar:`PATH`::" +msgstr "" +"如果你希望脚本不依赖 Python 解释器的具体路径，你也可以使用 :program:`env` 程序。假设你的 Python " +"解释器所在目录已经添加到了 :envvar:`PATH` 环境变量中，几乎所有的类 Unix 系统都支持下面的写法：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:69 +msgid "#!/usr/bin/env python" +msgstr "#!/usr/bin/env python" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:71 +msgid "" +"*Don't* do this for CGI scripts. The :envvar:`PATH` variable for CGI " +"scripts is often very minimal, so you need to use the actual absolute " +"pathname of the interpreter." +msgstr "" +"*不要* 在 CGI 脚本中这样做。CGI 脚本的 :envvar:`PATH` 环境变量通常会非常精简，所以你必须使用解释器的完整绝对路径。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Occasionally, a user's environment is so full that the " +":program:`/usr/bin/env` program fails; or there's no env program at all. In" +" that case, you can try the following hack (due to Alex Rezinsky):" +msgstr "" +"有时候，用户的环境变量如果太长，可能会导致 :program:`/usr/bin/env` 执行失败；又或者甚至根本就不存在 env " +"程序。在这种情况下，你可以尝试使用下面的 hack 方法（来自 Alex Rezinsky）：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:79 +msgid "" +"#! /bin/sh\n" +"\"\"\":\"\n" +"exec python $0 ${1+\"$@\"}\n" +"\"\"\"" +msgstr "" +"#! /bin/sh\n" +"\"\"\":\"\n" +"exec python $0 ${1+\"$@\"}\n" +"\"\"\"" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:86 +msgid "" +"The minor disadvantage is that this defines the script's __doc__ string. " +"However, you can fix that by adding ::" +msgstr "这样做有一个小小的缺点，它会定义脚本的 __doc__ 字符串。不过可以这样修复：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:89 +msgid "__doc__ = \"\"\"...Whatever...\"\"\"" +msgstr "__doc__ = \"\"\"...Whatever...\"\"\"" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:94 +msgid "Is there a curses/termcap package for Python?" +msgstr "Python 中有 curses/termcap 包吗？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:98 +msgid "" +"For Unix variants: The standard Python source distribution comes with a " +"curses module in the :source:`Modules` subdirectory, though it's not " +"compiled by default. (Note that this is not available in the Windows " +"distribution -- there is no curses module for Windows.)" +msgstr "" +"对于类 Unix 系统：标准 Python 源码发行版会在 :source:`Modules` 子目录中附带 curses " +"模块，但默认并不会编译。（注意：在 Windows 平台下不可用 —— Windows 中没有 curses 模块。）" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:103 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses` module supports basic curses features as well as many " +"additional functions from ncurses and SYSV curses such as colour, " +"alternative character set support, pads, and mouse support. This means the " +"module isn't compatible with operating systems that only have BSD curses, " +"but there don't seem to be any currently maintained OSes that fall into this" +" category." +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses` 模块支持基本的 curses 特性，同时也支持 ncurses 和 SYSV curses " +"中的很多额外功能，比如颜色、不同的字符集支持、填充和鼠标支持。这意味着这个模块不兼容只有 BSD curses " +"模块的操作系统，但是目前仍在维护的系统应该都不会存在这种情况。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:111 +msgid "Is there an equivalent to C's onexit() in Python?" +msgstr "Python 中存在类似 C 的 onexit() 函数的东西吗？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:113 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`atexit` module provides a register function that is similar to C's" +" :c:func:`!onexit`." +msgstr ":mod:`atexit` 模块提供了一个与 C 的 :c:func:`!onexit` 类似的注册函数。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:118 +msgid "Why don't my signal handlers work?" +msgstr "为什么我的信号处理函数不能工作？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:120 +msgid "" +"The most common problem is that the signal handler is declared with the " +"wrong argument list. It is called as ::" +msgstr "最常见的问题是信号处理函数没有正确定义参数列表。它会被这样调用：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:123 +msgid "handler(signum, frame)" +msgstr "handler(signum, frame)" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:125 +msgid "so it should be declared with two parameters::" +msgstr "因此它应当声明为带有两个形参::" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:127 +msgid "" +"def handler(signum, frame):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def handler(signum, frame):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:132 +msgid "Common tasks" +msgstr "通用任务" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:135 +msgid "How do I test a Python program or component?" +msgstr "怎样测试 Python 程序或组件？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Python comes with two testing frameworks. The :mod:`doctest` module finds " +"examples in the docstrings for a module and runs them, comparing the output " +"with the expected output given in the docstring." +msgstr "" +"Python 带有两个测试框架。:mod:`doctest` 模块从模块的 docstring 中寻找示例并执行，对比输出是否与 docstring " +"中给出的是否一致。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:141 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` module is a fancier testing framework modelled on Java " +"and Smalltalk testing frameworks." +msgstr ":mod:`unittest` 模块是一个模仿 Java 和 Smalltalk 测试框架的更棒的测试框架。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:144 +msgid "" +"To make testing easier, you should use good modular design in your program. " +"Your program should have almost all functionality encapsulated in either " +"functions or class methods -- and this sometimes has the surprising and " +"delightful effect of making the program run faster (because local variable " +"accesses are faster than global accesses). Furthermore the program should " +"avoid depending on mutating global variables, since this makes testing much " +"more difficult to do." +msgstr "" +"为了使测试更容易，你应该在程序中使用良好的模块化设计。程序中的绝大多数功能都应该用函数或类方法封装 —— " +"有时这样做会有额外惊喜，程序会运行得更快（因为局部变量比全局变量访问要快）。除此之外，程序应该避免依赖可变的局部变量，这会使得测试困难许多。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:152 +msgid "The \"global main logic\" of your program may be as simple as ::" +msgstr "程序的“全局主逻辑”应该尽量简单：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:154 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main_logic()" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main_logic()" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:157 +msgid "at the bottom of the main module of your program." +msgstr "并放置在程序主模块的最后面。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Once your program is organized as a tractable collection of function and " +"class behaviours, you should write test functions that exercise the " +"behaviours. A test suite that automates a sequence of tests can be " +"associated with each module. This sounds like a lot of work, but since " +"Python is so terse and flexible it's surprisingly easy. You can make coding" +" much more pleasant and fun by writing your test functions in parallel with " +"the \"production code\", since this makes it easy to find bugs and even " +"design flaws earlier." +msgstr "" +"一旦你的程序已经组织为一个函数和类行为的有完整集合，你就应该编写测试函数来检测这些行为。 可以将自动执行一系列测试的测试集关联到每个模块。 " +"这听起来似乎需要大量的工作，但是由于 Python 是如此简洁灵活因此它会极其容易。 " +"你可以通过与“生产代码”同步编写测试函数使编程更为愉快和有趣，因为这将更容易并更早发现代码问题甚至设计缺陷。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:167 +msgid "" +"\"Support modules\" that are not intended to be the main module of a program" +" may include a self-test of the module. ::" +msgstr "程序主模块之外的其他“辅助模块”中可以增加自测试的入口。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:170 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" self_test()" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" self_test()" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Even programs that interact with complex external interfaces may be tested " +"when the external interfaces are unavailable by using \"fake\" interfaces " +"implemented in Python." +msgstr "通过使用 Python 实现的“假”接口，即使是需要与复杂的外部接口交互的程序也可以在外部接口不可用时进行测试。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:179 +msgid "How do I create documentation from doc strings?" +msgstr "怎样用 docstring 创建文档？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pydoc` module can create HTML from the doc strings in your Python " +"source code. An alternative for creating API documentation purely from " +"docstrings is `epydoc `_. `Sphinx " +"`_ can also include docstring content." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pydoc` 模块可以用你的 Python 源代码中的文档字符串来创建 HTML。 纯粹通过文档字符串来创建 API 文档的一种替代方案是 " +"`epydoc `_。 `Sphinx `_ 也可以包括文档字符串的内容。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:188 +msgid "How do I get a single keypress at a time?" +msgstr "怎样一次只获取一个按键？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:190 +msgid "" +"For Unix variants there are several solutions. It's straightforward to do " +"this using curses, but curses is a fairly large module to learn." +msgstr "在类 Unix 系统中有多种方案。最直接的方法是使用 curses，但是 curses 模块太大了，难以学习。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:234 +msgid "Threads" +msgstr "线程相关" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:237 +msgid "How do I program using threads?" +msgstr "程序中怎样使用线程？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Be sure to use the :mod:`threading` module and not the :mod:`_thread` " +"module. The :mod:`threading` module builds convenient abstractions on top of" +" the low-level primitives provided by the :mod:`_thread` module." +msgstr "" +"一定要使用 :mod:`threading` 模块，不要使用 :mod:`_thread` 模块。:mod:`threading` 模块对 " +":mod:`_thread` 模块提供的底层线程原语做了更易用的抽象。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:245 +msgid "None of my threads seem to run: why?" +msgstr "我的线程都没有运行，为什么？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:247 +msgid "" +"As soon as the main thread exits, all threads are killed. Your main thread " +"is running too quickly, giving the threads no time to do any work." +msgstr "一旦主线程退出，所有的子线程都会被杀掉。你的主线程运行得太快了，子线程还没来得及工作。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:250 +msgid "" +"A simple fix is to add a sleep to the end of the program that's long enough " +"for all the threads to finish::" +msgstr "简单的解决方法是在程序中加一个时间足够长的 sleep，让子线程能够完成运行。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:253 +msgid "" +"import threading, time\n" +"\n" +"def thread_task(name, n):\n" +" for i in range(n):\n" +" print(name, i)\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" T = threading.Thread(target=thread_task, args=(str(i), i))\n" +" T.start()\n" +"\n" +"time.sleep(10) # <---------------------------!" +msgstr "" +"import threading, time\n" +"\n" +"def thread_task(name, n):\n" +" for i in range(n):\n" +" print(name, i)\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" T = threading.Thread(target=thread_task, args=(str(i), i))\n" +" T.start()\n" +"\n" +"time.sleep(10) # <---------------------------!" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:265 +msgid "" +"But now (on many platforms) the threads don't run in parallel, but appear to" +" run sequentially, one at a time! The reason is that the OS thread " +"scheduler doesn't start a new thread until the previous thread is blocked." +msgstr "但目前（在许多平台上）线程不是并行运行的，而是按顺序依次执行！原因是系统线程调度器在前一个线程阻塞之前不会启动新线程。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:269 +msgid "A simple fix is to add a tiny sleep to the start of the run function::" +msgstr "简单的解决方法是在运行函数的开始处加一个时间很短的 sleep。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:271 +msgid "" +"def thread_task(name, n):\n" +" time.sleep(0.001) # <--------------------!\n" +" for i in range(n):\n" +" print(name, i)\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" T = threading.Thread(target=thread_task, args=(str(i), i))\n" +" T.start()\n" +"\n" +"time.sleep(10)" +msgstr "" +"def thread_task(name, n):\n" +" time.sleep(0.001) # <--------------------!\n" +" for i in range(n):\n" +" print(name, i)\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" T = threading.Thread(target=thread_task, args=(str(i), i))\n" +" T.start()\n" +"\n" +"time.sleep(10)" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Instead of trying to guess a good delay value for :func:`time.sleep`, it's " +"better to use some kind of semaphore mechanism. One idea is to use the " +":mod:`queue` module to create a queue object, let each thread append a token" +" to the queue when it finishes, and let the main thread read as many tokens " +"from the queue as there are threads." +msgstr "" +"比起用 :func:`time.sleep` 猜一个合适的等待时间，使用信号量机制会更好些。有一个办法是使用 :mod:`queue` 模块创建一个 " +"queue 对象，让每一个线程在运行结束时 append 一个令牌到 queue 对象中，主线程中从 queue " +"对象中读取与线程数量一致的令牌数量即可。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:290 +msgid "How do I parcel out work among a bunch of worker threads?" +msgstr "如何将任务分配给多个工作线程？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:292 +msgid "" +"The easiest way is to use the :mod:`concurrent.futures` module, especially " +"the :mod:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` class." +msgstr "" +"最简单的方式是使用 :mod:`concurrent.futures` 模块，特别是其中的 " +":mod:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 类。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Or, if you want fine control over the dispatching algorithm, you can write " +"your own logic manually. Use the :mod:`queue` module to create a queue " +"containing a list of jobs. The :class:`~queue.Queue` class maintains a list" +" of objects and has a ``.put(obj)`` method that adds items to the queue and " +"a ``.get()`` method to return them. The class will take care of the locking" +" necessary to ensure that each job is handed out exactly once." +msgstr "" +"或者，如果你想更好地控制分发算法，你也可以自己写逻辑实现。使用 :mod:`queue` " +"模块来创建任务列表队列。:class:`~queue.Queue` 类维护一个了一个存有对象的列表，提供了 ``.put(obj)`` " +"方法添加元素，并且可以用 ``.get()`` 方法获取元素。这个类会使用必要的加锁操作，以此确保每个任务只会执行一次。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:302 +msgid "Here's a trivial example::" +msgstr "这是一个简单的例子：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:304 +msgid "" +"import threading, queue, time\n" +"\n" +"# The worker thread gets jobs off the queue. When the queue is empty, it\n" +"# assumes there will be no more work and exits.\n" +"# (Realistically workers will run until terminated.)\n" +"def worker():\n" +" print('Running worker')\n" +" time.sleep(0.1)\n" +" while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" arg = q.get(block=False)\n" +" except queue.Empty:\n" +" print('Worker', threading.current_thread(), end=' ')\n" +" print('queue empty')\n" +" break\n" +" else:\n" +" print('Worker', threading.current_thread(), end=' ')\n" +" print('running with argument', arg)\n" +" time.sleep(0.5)\n" +"\n" +"# Create queue\n" +"q = queue.Queue()\n" +"\n" +"# Start a pool of 5 workers\n" +"for i in range(5):\n" +" t = threading.Thread(target=worker, name='worker %i' % (i+1))\n" +" t.start()\n" +"\n" +"# Begin adding work to the queue\n" +"for i in range(50):\n" +" q.put(i)\n" +"\n" +"# Give threads time to run\n" +"print('Main thread sleeping')\n" +"time.sleep(5)" +msgstr "" +"import threading, queue, time\n" +"\n" +"# 工作线程会将任务移出队列。 当队列为空时，\n" +"# 它将认为工作已完成并退出。\n" +"# （在真实场景下工作线程将持续运行直到被终结。）\n" +"def worker():\n" +" print('Running worker')\n" +" time.sleep(0.1)\n" +" while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" arg = q.get(block=False)\n" +" except queue.Empty:\n" +" print('Worker', threading.current_thread(), end=' ')\n" +" print('queue empty')\n" +" break\n" +" else:\n" +" print('Worker', threading.current_thread(), end=' ')\n" +" print('running with argument', arg)\n" +" time.sleep(0.5)\n" +"\n" +"# 创建队列\n" +"q = queue.Queue()\n" +"\n" +"# 启动包含 5 个工作线程的线程池\n" +"for i in range(5):\n" +" t = threading.Thread(target=worker, name='worker %i' % (i+1))\n" +" t.start()\n" +"\n" +"# 开始向队列添加任务\n" +"for i in range(50):\n" +" q.put(i)\n" +"\n" +"# 为线程留出运行的时间\n" +"print('Main thread sleeping')\n" +"time.sleep(5)" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:340 +msgid "When run, this will produce the following output:" +msgstr "运行时会产生如下输出：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Main thread sleeping\n" +"Worker running with argument 0\n" +"Worker running with argument 1\n" +"Worker running with argument 2\n" +"Worker running with argument 3\n" +"Worker running with argument 4\n" +"Worker running with argument 5\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Running worker\n" +"Main thread sleeping\n" +"Worker running with argument 0\n" +"Worker running with argument 1\n" +"Worker running with argument 2\n" +"Worker running with argument 3\n" +"Worker running with argument 4\n" +"Worker running with argument 5\n" +"..." + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:358 +msgid "" +"Consult the module's documentation for more details; the " +":class:`~queue.Queue` class provides a featureful interface." +msgstr "查看模块的文档以获取更多信息；:class:`~queue.Queue` 类提供了多种接口。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:363 +msgid "What kinds of global value mutation are thread-safe?" +msgstr "怎样修改全局变量是线程安全的？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:365 +msgid "" +"A :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) is used internally to ensure that " +"only one thread runs in the Python VM at a time. In general, Python offers " +"to switch among threads only between bytecode instructions; how frequently " +"it switches can be set via :func:`sys.setswitchinterval`. Each bytecode " +"instruction and therefore all the C implementation code reached from each " +"instruction is therefore atomic from the point of view of a Python program." +msgstr "" +"Python VM 内部会使用 :term:`global interpreter lock` （GIL）来确保同一时间只有一个线程运行。通常 " +"Python 只会在字节码指令之间切换线程；切换的频率可以通过设置 :func:`sys.setswitchinterval` 指定。从 Python " +"程序的角度来看，每一条字节码指令以及每一条指令对应的 C 代码实现都是原子的。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:372 +msgid "" +"In theory, this means an exact accounting requires an exact understanding of" +" the PVM bytecode implementation. In practice, it means that operations on " +"shared variables of built-in data types (ints, lists, dicts, etc) that " +"\"look atomic\" really are." +msgstr "" +"理论上说，具体的结果要看具体的 PVM 字节码实现对指令的解释。而实际上，对内建类型（int，list，dict " +"等）的共享变量的“类原子”操作都是原子的。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:377 +msgid "" +"For example, the following operations are all atomic (L, L1, L2 are lists, " +"D, D1, D2 are dicts, x, y are objects, i, j are ints)::" +msgstr "举例来说，下面的操作是原子的（L、L1、L2 是列表，D、D1、D2 是字典，x、y 是对象，i，j 是 int 变量）：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:380 +msgid "" +"L.append(x)\n" +"L1.extend(L2)\n" +"x = L[i]\n" +"x = L.pop()\n" +"L1[i:j] = L2\n" +"L.sort()\n" +"x = y\n" +"x.field = y\n" +"D[x] = y\n" +"D1.update(D2)\n" +"D.keys()" +msgstr "" +"L.append(x)\n" +"L1.extend(L2)\n" +"x = L[i]\n" +"x = L.pop()\n" +"L1[i:j] = L2\n" +"L.sort()\n" +"x = y\n" +"x.field = y\n" +"D[x] = y\n" +"D1.update(D2)\n" +"D.keys()" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:392 +msgid "These aren't::" +msgstr "这些不是原子的：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:394 +msgid "" +"i = i+1\n" +"L.append(L[-1])\n" +"L[i] = L[j]\n" +"D[x] = D[x] + 1" +msgstr "" +"i = i+1\n" +"L.append(L[-1])\n" +"L[i] = L[j]\n" +"D[x] = D[x] + 1" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Operations that replace other objects may invoke those other objects' " +":meth:`~object.__del__` method when their reference count reaches zero, and " +"that can affect things. This is especially true for the mass updates to " +"dictionaries and lists. When in doubt, use a mutex!" +msgstr "" +"替换其他对象的操作可能会在其他对象的引用计数变为零时唤起这些对象的 :meth:`~object.__del__` 方法，这可能会产生一些影响。 " +"对字典和列表进行大量更新尤其如此。 如有疑问，请使用互斥锁！" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:406 +msgid "Can't we get rid of the Global Interpreter Lock?" +msgstr "不能删除全局解释器锁吗？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:408 +msgid "" +"The :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) is often seen as a hindrance to " +"Python's deployment on high-end multiprocessor server machines, because a " +"multi-threaded Python program effectively only uses one CPU, due to the " +"insistence that (almost) all Python code can only run while the GIL is held." +msgstr "" +":term:`global interpreter lock` （GIL）通常被视为 Python 在高端多核服务器上开发时的阻力，因为（几乎）所有 " +"Python 代码只有在获取到 GIL 时才能运行，所以多线程的 Python 程序只能有效地使用一个 CPU。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:413 +msgid "" +"With the approval of :pep:`703` work is now underway to remove the GIL from " +"the CPython implementation of Python. Initially it will be implemented as " +"an optional compiler flag when building the interpreter, and so separate " +"builds will be available with and without the GIL. Long-term, the hope is " +"to settle on a single build, once the performance implications of removing " +"the GIL are fully understood. Python 3.13 is likely to be the first release" +" containing this work, although it may not be completely functional in this " +"release." +msgstr "" +"在 :pep:`703` 通过后目前已着手从 Python 的 CPython 实现中移除 GIL。 " +"最初它将它将作为构建解释器时的可选编译器旗标来实现，因此将会存在有 GIL 和没有 GIL 的构建版本。 从长远来看，目标是在移除 GIL " +"对性能的影响被完全了解之后确定唯一的构建版本。 Python 3.13 大概是第一个包含此项工作的发布版，尽管在这个发布版中该功能可能尚不完整。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:422 +msgid "" +"The current work to remove the GIL is based on a `fork of Python 3.9 with " +"the GIL removed `_ by Sam Gross. Prior " +"to that, in the days of Python 1.5, Greg Stein actually implemented a " +"comprehensive patch set (the \"free threading\" patches) that removed the " +"GIL and replaced it with fine-grained locking. Adam Olsen did a similar " +"experiment in his `python-safethread " +"`_ project. " +"Unfortunately, both of these earlier experiments exhibited a sharp drop in " +"single-thread performance (at least 30% slower), due to the amount of fine-" +"grained locking necessary to compensate for the removal of the GIL. The " +"Python 3.9 fork is the first attempt at removing the GIL with an acceptable " +"performance impact." +msgstr "" +"当前移除 GIL 的工作是基于 Sam Gross 的 `移除了 GIL 的 Python 3.9 分叉 " +"`_。 更早的时候，在 Python 1.5 时期，Greg Stein " +"实际上实现了一个完整的补丁集（“自由线程”补丁），移除了 GIL 并用更细粒度的锁来代替。 Adam Olsen 也在他的 `python-" +"safethread `_ " +"项目里做了类似的实验。 不幸的是，由于为移除 GIL 而使用了大量细粒度的锁这两个早期实验在单线程中的性能都有明显的下降（至少慢 30%）。 " +"Python 3.9 分叉是在移除 GIL 的同时保持可接受的性能影响的首次尝试。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:437 +msgid "" +"The presence of the GIL in current Python releases doesn't mean that you " +"can't make good use of Python on multi-CPU machines! You just have to be " +"creative with dividing the work up between multiple *processes* rather than " +"multiple *threads*. The :class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"class in the new :mod:`concurrent.futures` module provides an easy way of " +"doing so; the :mod:`multiprocessing` module provides a lower-level API in " +"case you want more control over dispatching of tasks." +msgstr "" +"当前 Python 发布版存在 GIL 并不意味着你无法在多CPU 机器上很好地使用 Python！ 你仅需发挥创造性将任务在多个 *进程* 而不是多个" +" *threads* 线程之间进行分配。 新的 :mod:`concurrent.futures` 模块中的 " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"类提供了完成此项工作的简单方式；如果你想要对任务分发有更强的控制那么 :mod:`multiprocessing` 模块提供了更低层级的 API。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Judicious use of C extensions will also help; if you use a C extension to " +"perform a time-consuming task, the extension can release the GIL while the " +"thread of execution is in the C code and allow other threads to get some " +"work done. Some standard library modules such as :mod:`zlib` and " +":mod:`hashlib` already do this." +msgstr "" +"恰当地使用 C 拓展也很有用；使用 C 拓展处理耗时较久的任务时，拓展可以在线程执行 C 代码时释放 GIL，让其他线程执行。:mod:`zlib` 和" +" :mod:`hashlib` 等标准库模块已经这样做了。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:452 +msgid "" +"An alternative approach to reducing the impact of the GIL is to make the GIL" +" a per-interpreter-state lock rather than truly global. This was :ref:`first" +" implemented in Python 3.12 ` and is available in the C " +"API. A Python interface to it is expected in Python 3.13. The main " +"limitation to it at the moment is likely to be 3rd party extension modules, " +"since these must be written with multiple interpreters in mind in order to " +"be usable, so many older extension modules will not be usable." +msgstr "" +"减小 GIL 的影响的一种替代方式是让 GIL 成为每解释器状态锁而不是真正的全局状态锁。 此特性 :ref:`在 Python 3.12 中首次实现 " +"` 并在 C API 中可用。 预期会在 Python 3.13 中提供它的 Python 接口。 " +"目前它的主要限制在于第 3 方扩展模块，因此这些模块的编写必须考虑到多解释器的情况才能够被使用，这样大量较旧的扩展模块将不再可用。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:462 +msgid "Input and Output" +msgstr "输入与输出" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:465 +msgid "How do I delete a file? (And other file questions...)" +msgstr "怎样删除文件？（以及其他文件相关的问题……）" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:467 +msgid "" +"Use ``os.remove(filename)`` or ``os.unlink(filename)``; for documentation, " +"see the :mod:`os` module. The two functions are identical; " +":func:`~os.unlink` is simply the name of the Unix system call for this " +"function." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``os.remove(filename)`` 或 ``os.unlink(filename)``。查看 :mod:`os` " +"模块以获取更多文档。这两个函数是一样的，:func:`~os.unlink` 是这个函数在 Unix 系统调用中的名字。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:471 +msgid "" +"To remove a directory, use :func:`os.rmdir`; use :func:`os.mkdir` to create " +"one. ``os.makedirs(path)`` will create any intermediate directories in " +"``path`` that don't exist. ``os.removedirs(path)`` will remove intermediate " +"directories as long as they're empty; if you want to delete an entire " +"directory tree and its contents, use :func:`shutil.rmtree`." +msgstr "" +"如果要删除目录，应该使用 :func:`os.rmdir`；使用 :func:`os.mkdir` 创建目录。``os.makedirs(path)``" +" 会创建 ``path`` 中任何不存在的目录。``os.removedirs(path)`` " +"则会删除其中的目录，只要它们都是空的；如果你想删除整个目录以及其中的内容，可以使用 :func:`shutil.rmtree`。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:477 +msgid "To rename a file, use ``os.rename(old_path, new_path)``." +msgstr "重命名文件可以使用 ``os.rename(old_path, new_path)``。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:479 +msgid "" +"To truncate a file, open it using ``f = open(filename, \"rb+\")``, and use " +"``f.truncate(offset)``; offset defaults to the current seek position. " +"There's also ``os.ftruncate(fd, offset)`` for files opened with " +":func:`os.open`, where *fd* is the file descriptor (a small integer)." +msgstr "" +"如果需要截断文件，使用 ``f = open(filename, \"rb+\")`` 打开文件，然后使用 " +"``f.truncate(offset)``；offset 默认是当前的搜索位置。也可以对使用 :func:`os.open` 打开的文件使用 " +"``os.ftruncate(fd, offset)``，其中 *fd* 是文件描述符（一个小的整型数）。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:484 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`shutil` module also contains a number of functions to work on " +"files including :func:`~shutil.copyfile`, :func:`~shutil.copytree`, and " +":func:`~shutil.rmtree`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil` 模块也包含了一些处理文件的函数，包括 " +":func:`~shutil.copyfile`，:func:`~shutil.copytree` 和 :func:`~shutil.rmtree`。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:490 +msgid "How do I copy a file?" +msgstr "怎样复制文件？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:492 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`shutil` module contains a :func:`~shutil.copyfile` function. Note " +"that on Windows NTFS volumes, it does not copy `alternate data streams " +"`_ nor " +"`resource forks `__ on macOS " +"HFS+ volumes, though both are now rarely used. It also doesn't copy file " +"permissions and metadata, though using :func:`shutil.copy2` instead will " +"preserve most (though not all) of it." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil` 模块包含一个 :func:`~shutil.copyfile` 函数。注意，在 Windows NTFS 卷上，它不复制 " +"`替代数据流 `_ " +"，也不复制 macOS HFS+ 卷上的 `资源分叉 `__ " +"，尽管这两者现在很少使用。它也不复制文件权限和元数据，尽管使用 :func:`shutil.copy2` 可以保留大部分（但不是全部）的内容。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:503 +msgid "How do I read (or write) binary data?" +msgstr "怎样读取（或写入）二进制数据？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:505 +msgid "" +"To read or write complex binary data formats, it's best to use the " +":mod:`struct` module. It allows you to take a string containing binary data" +" (usually numbers) and convert it to Python objects; and vice versa." +msgstr "" +"要读写复杂的二进制数据格式，最好使用 :mod:`struct` 模块。该模块可以读取包含二进制数据（通常是数字）的字符串并转换为 Python " +"对象，反之亦然。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:509 +msgid "" +"For example, the following code reads two 2-byte integers and one 4-byte " +"integer in big-endian format from a file::" +msgstr "举例来说，下面的代码会从文件中以大端序格式读取一个 2 字节的整型和一个 4 字节的整型：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:512 +msgid "" +"import struct\n" +"\n" +"with open(filename, \"rb\") as f:\n" +" s = f.read(8)\n" +" x, y, z = struct.unpack(\">hhl\", s)" +msgstr "" +"import struct\n" +"\n" +"with open(filename, \"rb\") as f:\n" +" s = f.read(8)\n" +" x, y, z = struct.unpack(\">hhl\", s)" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:518 +msgid "" +"The '>' in the format string forces big-endian data; the letter 'h' reads " +"one \"short integer\" (2 bytes), and 'l' reads one \"long integer\" (4 " +"bytes) from the string." +msgstr "" +"格式字符串中的 ‘>’ 强制以大端序读取数据；字母 ‘h’ 从字符串中读取一个“短整型”（2 字节），字母 ‘l’ 读取一个“长整型”（4 字节）。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:522 +msgid "" +"For data that is more regular (e.g. a homogeneous list of ints or floats), " +"you can also use the :mod:`array` module." +msgstr "对于更常规的数据（例如整型或浮点类型的列表），你也可以使用 :mod:`array` 模块。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:527 +msgid "" +"To read and write binary data, it is mandatory to open the file in binary " +"mode (here, passing ``\"rb\"`` to :func:`open`). If you use ``\"r\"`` " +"instead (the default), the file will be open in text mode and ``f.read()`` " +"will return :class:`str` objects rather than :class:`bytes` objects." +msgstr "" +"要读写二进制数据的话，需要强制以二进制模式打开文件（这里为 :func:`open` 函数传入 ``\"rb\"``）。如果（默认）传入 " +"``\"r\"`` 的话，文件会以文本模式打开，``f.read()`` 会返回 :class:`str` 对象，而不是 :class:`bytes` " +"对象。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:535 +msgid "I can't seem to use os.read() on a pipe created with os.popen(); why?" +msgstr "似乎 os.popen() 创建的管道不能使用 os.read()，这是为什么？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:537 +msgid "" +":func:`os.read` is a low-level function which takes a file descriptor, a " +"small integer representing the opened file. :func:`os.popen` creates a " +"high-level file object, the same type returned by the built-in :func:`open` " +"function. Thus, to read *n* bytes from a pipe *p* created with " +":func:`os.popen`, you need to use ``p.read(n)``." +msgstr "" +":func:`os.read` 是一个底层函数，它接收的是文件描述符 —— 用小整型数表示的打开的文件。:func:`os.popen` " +"创建的是一个高级文件对象，和内建的 :func:`open` 方法返回的类型一样。因此，如果要从 :func:`os.popen` 创建的管道 *p* " +"中读取 *n* 个字节的话，你应该使用 ``p.read(n)``。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:623 +msgid "How do I access the serial (RS232) port?" +msgstr "怎样访问（RS232）串口？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:625 +msgid "For Win32, OSX, Linux, BSD, Jython, IronPython:" +msgstr "对于 Win32, OSX, Linux, BSD, Jython, IronPython:" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:627 +msgid ":pypi:`pyserial`" +msgstr ":pypi:`pyserial`" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:629 +msgid "For Unix, see a Usenet post by Mitch Chapman:" +msgstr "对于 Unix，查看 Mitch Chapman 发布的帖子：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:631 +msgid "https://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com" +msgstr "https://groups.google.com/groups?selm=34A04430.CF9@ohioee.com" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:635 +msgid "Why doesn't closing sys.stdout (stdin, stderr) really close it?" +msgstr "为什么关闭 sys.stdout（stdin，stderr）并不会真正关掉它？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:637 +msgid "" +"Python :term:`file objects ` are a high-level layer of " +"abstraction on low-level C file descriptors." +msgstr "Python :term:`文件对象 ` 是一个对底层 C 文件描述符的高层抽象。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:640 +msgid "" +"For most file objects you create in Python via the built-in :func:`open` " +"function, ``f.close()`` marks the Python file object as being closed from " +"Python's point of view, and also arranges to close the underlying C file " +"descriptor. This also happens automatically in ``f``'s destructor, when " +"``f`` becomes garbage." +msgstr "" +"对于在 Python 中通过内建的 :func:`open` 函数创建的多数文件对象来说，``f.close()`` 从 Python " +"的角度将其标记为已关闭，并且会关闭底层的 C 文件描述符。在 ``f`` 被垃圾回收的时候，析构函数中也会自动处理。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:646 +msgid "" +"But stdin, stdout and stderr are treated specially by Python, because of the" +" special status also given to them by C. Running ``sys.stdout.close()`` " +"marks the Python-level file object as being closed, but does *not* close the" +" associated C file descriptor." +msgstr "" +"但由于 stdin，stdout 和 stderr 在 C 中的特殊地位，在 Python 中也会对它们做特殊处理。运行 " +"``sys.stdout.close()`` 会将 Python 的文件对象标记为已关闭，但是 *不会* 关闭与之关联的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:651 +msgid "" +"To close the underlying C file descriptor for one of these three, you should" +" first be sure that's what you really want to do (e.g., you may confuse " +"extension modules trying to do I/O). If it is, use :func:`os.close`::" +msgstr "" +"要关闭这三者的 C 文件描述符的话，首先你应该确认确实需要关闭它（比如，这可能会影响到处理 I/O 的拓展）。如果确实需要这么做的话，使用 " +":func:`os.close`：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:655 +msgid "" +"os.close(stdin.fileno())\n" +"os.close(stdout.fileno())\n" +"os.close(stderr.fileno())" +msgstr "" +"os.close(stdin.fileno())\n" +"os.close(stdout.fileno())\n" +"os.close(stderr.fileno())" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:659 +msgid "Or you can use the numeric constants 0, 1 and 2, respectively." +msgstr "或者也可以使用常量 0，1，2 代替。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:663 +msgid "Network/Internet Programming" +msgstr "网络 / Internet 编程" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:666 +msgid "What WWW tools are there for Python?" +msgstr "Python 中的 WWW 工具是什么？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:668 +msgid "" +"See the chapters titled :ref:`internet` and :ref:`netdata` in the Library " +"Reference Manual. Python has many modules that will help you build server-" +"side and client-side web systems." +msgstr "" +"参阅代码库参考手册中 :ref:`internet` 和 :ref:`netdata` 这两章的内容。Python 有大量模块来帮助你构建服务端和客户端" +" web 系统。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:674 +msgid "" +"A summary of available frameworks is maintained by Paul Boddie at " +"https://wiki.python.org/moin/WebProgramming\\ ." +msgstr "" +"Paul Boddie 维护了一份可用框架的概览，见 https://wiki.python.org/moin/WebProgramming 。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:679 +msgid "What module should I use to help with generating HTML?" +msgstr "生成 HTML 需要使用什么模块？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:683 +msgid "" +"You can find a collection of useful links on the `Web Programming wiki page " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"你可以在 `Web 编程 wiki 页面 `_ " +"找到许多有用的链接。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:688 +msgid "How do I send mail from a Python script?" +msgstr "怎样使用 Python 脚本发送邮件？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:690 +msgid "Use the standard library module :mod:`smtplib`." +msgstr "使用 :mod:`smtplib` 标准库模块。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:692 +msgid "" +"Here's a very simple interactive mail sender that uses it. This method will" +" work on any host that supports an SMTP listener. ::" +msgstr "下面是一个很简单的交互式发送邮件的代码。这个方法适用于任何支持 SMTP 协议的主机。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:695 +msgid "" +"import sys, smtplib\n" +"\n" +"fromaddr = input(\"From: \")\n" +"toaddrs = input(\"To: \").split(',')\n" +"print(\"Enter message, end with ^D:\")\n" +"msg = ''\n" +"while True:\n" +" line = sys.stdin.readline()\n" +" if not line:\n" +" break\n" +" msg += line\n" +"\n" +"# The actual mail send\n" +"server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')\n" +"server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)\n" +"server.quit()" +msgstr "" +"import sys, smtplib\n" +"\n" +"fromaddr = input(\"From: \")\n" +"toaddrs = input(\"To: \").split(',')\n" +"print(\"Enter message, end with ^D:\")\n" +"msg = ''\n" +"while True:\n" +" line = sys.stdin.readline()\n" +" if not line:\n" +" break\n" +" msg += line\n" +"\n" +"# 实际发送的邮件\n" +"server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')\n" +"server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, msg)\n" +"server.quit()" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:712 +msgid "" +"A Unix-only alternative uses sendmail. The location of the sendmail program" +" varies between systems; sometimes it is ``/usr/lib/sendmail``, sometimes " +"``/usr/sbin/sendmail``. The sendmail manual page will help you out. Here's" +" some sample code::" +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 系统中还可以使用 sendmail。sendmail 程序的位置在不同系统中不一样，有时是在 " +"``/usr/lib/sendmail``，有时是在 ``/usr/sbin/sendmail``。sendmail " +"手册页面会对你有所帮助。以下是示例代码：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:717 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"SENDMAIL = \"/usr/sbin/sendmail\" # sendmail location\n" +"p = os.popen(\"%s -t -i\" % SENDMAIL, \"w\")\n" +"p.write(\"To: receiver@example.com\\n\")\n" +"p.write(\"Subject: test\\n\")\n" +"p.write(\"\\n\") # blank line separating headers from body\n" +"p.write(\"Some text\\n\")\n" +"p.write(\"some more text\\n\")\n" +"sts = p.close()\n" +"if sts != 0:\n" +" print(\"Sendmail exit status\", sts)" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"SENDMAIL = \"/usr/sbin/sendmail\" # sendmail 的位置\n" +"p = os.popen(\"%s -t -i\" % SENDMAIL, \"w\")\n" +"p.write(\"To: receiver@example.com\\n\")\n" +"p.write(\"Subject: test\\n\")\n" +"p.write(\"\\n\") # 分隔标头和消息体的空白行\n" +"p.write(\"Some text\\n\")\n" +"p.write(\"some more text\\n\")\n" +"sts = p.close()\n" +"if sts != 0:\n" +" print(\"Sendmail exit status\", sts)" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:732 +msgid "How do I avoid blocking in the connect() method of a socket?" +msgstr "socket 的 connect() 方法怎样避免阻塞？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:734 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`select` module is commonly used to help with asynchronous I/O on " +"sockets." +msgstr "通常会用 :mod:`select` 模块处理 socket 异步 I/O。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:737 +msgid "" +"To prevent the TCP connect from blocking, you can set the socket to non-" +"blocking mode. Then when you do the :meth:`~socket.socket.connect`, you " +"will either connect immediately (unlikely) or get an exception that contains" +" the error number as ``.errno``. ``errno.EINPROGRESS`` indicates that the " +"connection is in progress, but hasn't finished yet. Different OSes will " +"return different values, so you're going to have to check what's returned on" +" your system." +msgstr "" +"要防止 TCP 连接发生阻塞，你可以将 socket 设为非阻塞模式。 这样当你执行 :meth:`~socket.socket.connect` " +"时，你将要么立即完成连接（不大可能）要么得到一个包含错误编号如 ``.errno`` 的异常。 ``errno.EINPROGRESS`` " +"表示连接正在进行中，但尚未完成。 不同的操作系统将返回不同的值，所以你需要检查一下你的系统会返回什么值。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:745 +msgid "" +"You can use the :meth:`~socket.socket.connect_ex` method to avoid creating " +"an exception. It will just return the errno value. To poll, you can call " +":meth:`~socket.socket.connect_ex` again later -- ``0`` or ``errno.EISCONN`` " +"indicate that you're connected -- or you can pass this socket to " +":meth:`select.select` to check if it's writable." +msgstr "" +"你可以使用 :meth:`~socket.socket.connect_ex` 方法来避免创建异常。 它将只返回 errno 值。 " +"要进行轮询，你可以稍后再次调用 :meth:`~socket.socket.connect_ex` -- ``0`` 或 " +"``errno.EISCONN`` 表示已经连接 -- 或者你也可以将此 socket 传给 :meth:`select.select` " +"来检查它只否可写。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:753 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` module provides a general purpose single-threaded and " +"concurrent asynchronous library, which can be used for writing non-blocking " +"network code. The third-party `Twisted `_ library is a" +" popular and feature-rich alternative." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 模块提供了通用的单线程并发异步库，它可被用来编写非阻塞的网络代码。 第三方的 `Twisted " +"`_ 库是一个热门且功能丰富的替代选择。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:761 +msgid "Databases" +msgstr "数据库" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:764 +msgid "Are there any interfaces to database packages in Python?" +msgstr "Python 中有数据库包的接口吗？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:766 +msgid "Yes." +msgstr "有的。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Interfaces to disk-based hashes such as :mod:`DBM ` and :mod:`GDBM" +" ` are also included with standard Python. There is also the " +":mod:`sqlite3` module, which provides a lightweight disk-based relational " +"database." +msgstr "" +"标准 Python 还包含了基于磁盘的哈希接口例如 :mod:`DBM ` 和 :mod:`GDBM ` " +"。除此之外还有 :mod:`sqlite3` 模块，该模块提供了一个轻量级的基于磁盘的关系型数据库。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:773 +msgid "" +"Support for most relational databases is available. See the " +"`DatabaseProgramming wiki page " +"`_ for details." +msgstr "" +"大多数关系型数据库都已经支持。查看 `数据库编程 wiki 页面 " +"`_ 获取更多信息。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:779 +msgid "How do you implement persistent objects in Python?" +msgstr "在 Python 中如何实现持久化对象？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:781 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pickle` library module solves this in a very general way (though " +"you still can't store things like open files, sockets or windows), and the " +":mod:`shelve` library module uses pickle and (g)dbm to create persistent " +"mappings containing arbitrary Python objects." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pickle` 库模块以一种非常通用的方式解决了这个问题（虽然你依然不能用它保存打开的文件、套接字或窗口之类的东西），此外 " +":mod:`shelve` 库模块可使用 pickle 和 (g)dbm 来创建包含任意 Python 对象的持久化映射。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:788 +msgid "Mathematics and Numerics" +msgstr "数学和数字" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:791 +msgid "How do I generate random numbers in Python?" +msgstr "Python 中怎样生成随机数？" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:793 +msgid "" +"The standard module :mod:`random` implements a random number generator. " +"Usage is simple::" +msgstr ":mod:`random` 标准库模块实现了随机数生成器，使用起来非常简单：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:796 +msgid "" +"import random\n" +"random.random()" +msgstr "" +"import random\n" +"random.random()" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:799 +msgid "This returns a random floating-point number in the range [0, 1)." +msgstr "这将返回一个 [0, 1) 区间的随机浮点数。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:801 +msgid "" +"There are also many other specialized generators in this module, such as:" +msgstr "该模块中还有许多其他的专门的生成器，例如：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:803 +msgid "``randrange(a, b)`` chooses an integer in the range [a, b)." +msgstr "``randrange(a, b)`` 返回 [a, b) 区间内的一个整型数。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:804 +msgid "``uniform(a, b)`` chooses a floating-point number in the range [a, b)." +msgstr "``uniform(a, b)`` 在 [a, b) 区间选择一个浮点数。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:805 +msgid "" +"``normalvariate(mean, sdev)`` samples the normal (Gaussian) distribution." +msgstr "``normalvariate(mean, sdev)`` 使用正态（高斯）分布采样。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:807 +msgid "Some higher-level functions operate on sequences directly, such as:" +msgstr "还有一些高级函数直接对序列进行操作，例如：" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:809 +msgid "``choice(S)`` chooses a random element from a given sequence." +msgstr "``choice(S)`` 从给定的序列中随机选择一个元素。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:810 +msgid "``shuffle(L)`` shuffles a list in-place, i.e. permutes it randomly." +msgstr "``shuffle(L)`` 会对列表执行原地重排，即将其随机地打乱。" + +#: ../../faq/library.rst:812 +msgid "" +"There's also a ``Random`` class you can instantiate to create independent " +"multiple random number generators." +msgstr "还有 ``Random`` 类，你可以将其实例化，用来创建多个独立的随机数生成器。" diff --git a/faq/programming.po b/faq/programming.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f553de033 --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/programming.po @@ -0,0 +1,4285 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Xie Yanbo , 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:5 +msgid "Programming FAQ" +msgstr "编程常见问题" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:8 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:12 +msgid "General Questions" +msgstr "一般问题" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Is there a source code level debugger with breakpoints, single-stepping, " +"etc.?" +msgstr "Python 有没有提供带有断点、单步调试等功能的源码级调试器？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:17 ../../faq/programming.rst:58 +msgid "Yes." +msgstr "有的。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Several debuggers for Python are described below, and the built-in function " +":func:`breakpoint` allows you to drop into any of them." +msgstr "以下介绍了一些 Python 的调试器，用内置函数 :func:`breakpoint` 即可切入这些调试器中。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The pdb module is a simple but adequate console-mode debugger for Python. It" +" is part of the standard Python library, and is :mod:`documented in the " +"Library Reference Manual `. You can also write your own debugger by " +"using the code for pdb as an example." +msgstr "" +"pdb 模块是一个简单但是够用的控制台模式 Python 调试器。 它是标准 Python 库的一部分，并且 :mod:`已收录于库参考手册 " +"`。 你也可以通过使用 pdb 代码作为样例来编写你自己的调试器。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The IDLE interactive development environment, which is part of the standard " +"Python distribution (normally available as `Tools/scripts/idle3 " +"`_), " +"includes a graphical debugger." +msgstr "" +"作为标准 Python 发行版组成部分的 IDLE 交互式开发环境 (通常位于 `Tools/scripts/idle3 " +"`_)，包括一个图形化的调试器。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:32 +msgid "" +"PythonWin is a Python IDE that includes a GUI debugger based on pdb. The " +"PythonWin debugger colors breakpoints and has quite a few cool features such" +" as debugging non-PythonWin programs. PythonWin is available as part of " +"`pywin32 `_ project and as a part of " +"the `ActivePython `_ " +"distribution." +msgstr "" +"PythonWin 是一种 Python IDE，其中包含了一个基于 pdb 的 GUI 调试器。PythonWin " +"的调试器会为断点着色，并提供了相当多的超酷特性，例如调试非 PythonWin 程序等。PythonWin 是 `pywin32 " +"`_ 项目的组成部分，也是 `ActivePython " +"`_ 发行版的组成部分。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:39 +msgid "" +"`Eric `_ is an IDE built on PyQt and " +"the Scintilla editing component." +msgstr "" +"`Eric `_ 是一个基于 PyQt 和 Scintilla 编辑组件的" +" IDE。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:42 +msgid "" +"`trepan3k `_ is a gdb-like " +"debugger." +msgstr "" +"`trepan3k `_ 是一个类似 gdb 的调试器。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:44 +msgid "" +"`Visual Studio Code `_ is an IDE with " +"debugging tools that integrates with version-control software." +msgstr "" +"`Visual Studio Code `_ 是包含了调试工具的 " +"IDE，并集成了版本控制软件。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:47 +msgid "" +"There are a number of commercial Python IDEs that include graphical " +"debuggers. They include:" +msgstr "有许多商业 Python IDE 都包含了图形化调试器。包括：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:50 +msgid "`Wing IDE `_" +msgstr "`Wing IDE `_" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:51 +msgid "`Komodo IDE `_" +msgstr "`Komodo IDE `_" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:52 +msgid "`PyCharm `_" +msgstr "`PyCharm `_" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:56 +msgid "Are there tools to help find bugs or perform static analysis?" +msgstr "是否有能帮助寻找漏洞或执行静态分析的工具？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:60 +msgid "" +"`Pylint `_ and `Pyflakes " +"`_ do basic checking that will help you " +"catch bugs sooner." +msgstr "" +"`Pylint `_ 和 `Pyflakes " +"`_ 可执行基本检查来帮助你尽早捕捉漏洞。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Static type checkers such as `Mypy `_, `Pyre " +"`_, and `Pytype " +"`_ can check type hints in Python source " +"code." +msgstr "" +"静态类型检查器例如 `Mypy `_, `Pyre `_ 和 `Pytype `_ 可以检查 Python " +"源代码中的类型提示。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:73 +msgid "How can I create a stand-alone binary from a Python script?" +msgstr "如何由 Python 脚本创建能独立运行的二进制程序？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:75 +msgid "" +"You don't need the ability to compile Python to C code if all you want is a " +"stand-alone program that users can download and run without having to " +"install the Python distribution first. There are a number of tools that " +"determine the set of modules required by a program and bind these modules " +"together with a Python binary to produce a single executable." +msgstr "" +"如果只是想要一个独立的程序，以便用户不必预先安装 Python 即可下载和运行它，则不需要将 Python 编译成 C " +"代码。有许多工具可以检测程序所需的模块，并将这些模块与 Python 二进制程序捆绑在一起生成单个可执行文件。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:81 +msgid "" +"One is to use the freeze tool, which is included in the Python source tree " +"as `Tools/freeze " +"`_. It converts " +"Python byte code to C arrays; with a C compiler you can embed all your " +"modules into a new program, which is then linked with the standard Python " +"modules." +msgstr "" +"一种方案是使用 freeze 工具，它以 `Tools/freeze " +"`_ 的形式包含在 Python " +"源代码树中。 它可将 Python 字节码转换为 C 数组；你可以使用 C 编译器将你的所有模块嵌入到一个新程序中，再将其与标准 Python " +"模块进行链接。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:87 +msgid "" +"It works by scanning your source recursively for import statements (in both " +"forms) and looking for the modules in the standard Python path as well as in" +" the source directory (for built-in modules). It then turns the bytecode " +"for modules written in Python into C code (array initializers that can be " +"turned into code objects using the marshal module) and creates a custom-made" +" config file that only contains those built-in modules which are actually " +"used in the program. It then compiles the generated C code and links it " +"with the rest of the Python interpreter to form a self-contained binary " +"which acts exactly like your script." +msgstr "" +"它的工作原理是递归扫描源代码，获取两种格式的 import 语句，并在标准 Python 路径和源码目录（用于内置模块）检索这些模块。然后，把这些模块的" +" Python 字节码转换为 C 代码（可以利用 marshal " +"模块转换为代码对象的数组初始化器），并创建一个定制的配置文件，该文件仅包含程序实际用到的内置模块。然后，编译生成的 C 代码并将其与 Python " +"解释器的其余部分链接，形成一个自给自足的二进制文件，其功能与 Python 脚本代码完全相同。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:96 +msgid "" +"The following packages can help with the creation of console and GUI " +"executables:" +msgstr "下列包可以用于帮助创建控制台和 GUI 的可执行文件:" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:99 +msgid "`Nuitka `_ (Cross-platform)" +msgstr "`Nuitka `_ （跨平台）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:100 +msgid "`PyInstaller `_ (Cross-platform)" +msgstr "`PyInstaller `_ (跨平台)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:101 +msgid "" +"`PyOxidizer `_ (Cross-" +"platform)" +msgstr "`PyOxidizer `_ （跨平台）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:102 +msgid "" +"`cx_Freeze `_ (Cross-platform)" +msgstr "`cx_Freeze `_ （跨平台）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:103 +msgid "`py2app `_ (macOS only)" +msgstr "`py2app `_ （仅限 macOS）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:104 +msgid "`py2exe `_ (Windows only)" +msgstr "`py2exe `_ (仅限 Windows)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:107 +msgid "Are there coding standards or a style guide for Python programs?" +msgstr "是否有 Python 编码标准或风格指南？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Yes. The coding style required for standard library modules is documented " +"as :pep:`8`." +msgstr "有的。 标准库模块所要求的编码风格记录于 :pep:`8` 之中。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:114 +msgid "Core Language" +msgstr "语言核心内容" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:119 +msgid "Why am I getting an UnboundLocalError when the variable has a value?" +msgstr "变量明明有值，为什么还会出现 UnboundLocalError？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:121 +msgid "" +"It can be a surprise to get the :exc:`UnboundLocalError` in previously " +"working code when it is modified by adding an assignment statement somewhere" +" in the body of a function." +msgstr "" +"当在函数内部某处添加了一条赋值语句，因而导致之前正常工作的代码报出 :exc:`UnboundLocalError` 错误，这确实有点令人惊讶。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:125 +msgid "This code:" +msgstr "以下代码：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:134 +msgid "works, but this code:" +msgstr "正常工作，但是以下代码" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:141 +msgid "results in an :exc:`!UnboundLocalError`:" +msgstr "在 :exc:`!UnboundLocalError` 中的结果:" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:148 +msgid "" +"This is because when you make an assignment to a variable in a scope, that " +"variable becomes local to that scope and shadows any similarly named " +"variable in the outer scope. Since the last statement in foo assigns a new " +"value to ``x``, the compiler recognizes it as a local variable. " +"Consequently when the earlier ``print(x)`` attempts to print the " +"uninitialized local variable and an error results." +msgstr "" +"原因就是，当对某作用域内的变量进行赋值时，该变量将成为该作用域内的局部变量，并覆盖外部作用域中的同名变量。由于 foo 的最后一条语句为 ``x`` " +"分配了一个新值，编译器会将其识别为局部变量。因此，前面的 ``print(x)`` 试图输出未初始化的局部变量，就会引发错误。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:155 +msgid "" +"In the example above you can access the outer scope variable by declaring it" +" global:" +msgstr "在上面的示例中，可以将外部作用域的变量声明为全局变量以便访问：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:167 +msgid "" +"This explicit declaration is required in order to remind you that (unlike " +"the superficially analogous situation with class and instance variables) you" +" are actually modifying the value of the variable in the outer scope:" +msgstr "与类和实例变量貌似但不一样，其实以上是在修改外部作用域的变量值，为了提示这一点，这里需要显式声明一下。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:174 +msgid "" +"You can do a similar thing in a nested scope using the :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"keyword:" +msgstr "你可以使用 :keyword:`nonlocal` 关键字在嵌套作用域中执行类似的操作：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:192 +msgid "What are the rules for local and global variables in Python?" +msgstr "Python 的局部变量和全局变量有哪些规则？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:194 +msgid "" +"In Python, variables that are only referenced inside a function are " +"implicitly global. If a variable is assigned a value anywhere within the " +"function's body, it's assumed to be a local unless explicitly declared as " +"global." +msgstr "" +"函数内部只作引用的 Python 变量隐式视为全局变量。如果在函数内部任何位置为变量赋值，则除非明确声明为全局变量，否则均将其视为局部变量。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Though a bit surprising at first, a moment's consideration explains this. " +"On one hand, requiring :keyword:`global` for assigned variables provides a " +"bar against unintended side-effects. On the other hand, if ``global`` was " +"required for all global references, you'd be using ``global`` all the time." +" You'd have to declare as global every reference to a built-in function or " +"to a component of an imported module. This clutter would defeat the " +"usefulness of the ``global`` declaration for identifying side-effects." +msgstr "" +"起初尽管有点令人惊讶，不过考虑片刻即可释然。一方面，已分配的变量要求加上 :keyword:`global` " +"可以防止意外的副作用发生。另一方面，如果所有全局引用都要加上 ``global`` ，那处处都得用上 ``global`` " +"了。那么每次对内置函数或导入模块中的组件进行引用时，都得声明为全局变量。这种杂乱会破坏 ``global`` 声明用于警示副作用的有效性。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Why do lambdas defined in a loop with different values all return the same " +"result?" +msgstr "为什么在循环中定义的参数各异的 lambda 都返回相同的结果？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Assume you use a for loop to define a few different lambdas (or even plain " +"functions), e.g.::" +msgstr "假设用 for 循环来定义几个取值各异的 lambda（即便是普通函数也一样）：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:213 +msgid "" +">>> squares = []\n" +">>> for x in range(5):\n" +"... squares.append(lambda: x**2)" +msgstr "" +">>> squares = []\n" +">>> for x in range(5):\n" +"... squares.append(lambda: x**2)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:217 +msgid "" +"This gives you a list that contains 5 lambdas that calculate ``x**2``. You " +"might expect that, when called, they would return, respectively, ``0``, " +"``1``, ``4``, ``9``, and ``16``. However, when you actually try you will " +"see that they all return ``16``::" +msgstr "" +"以上会得到一个包含5个 lambda 函数的列表，这些函数将计算 ``x**2``。大家或许期望，调用这些函数会分别返回 ``0`` 、``1`` 、 " +"``4`` 、 ``9`` 和 ``16``。然而，真的试过就会发现，他们都会返回 ``16`` ：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:222 +msgid "" +">>> squares[2]()\n" +"16\n" +">>> squares[4]()\n" +"16" +msgstr "" +">>> squares[2]()\n" +"16\n" +">>> squares[4]()\n" +"16" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:227 +msgid "" +"This happens because ``x`` is not local to the lambdas, but is defined in " +"the outer scope, and it is accessed when the lambda is called --- not when " +"it is defined. At the end of the loop, the value of ``x`` is ``4``, so all " +"the functions now return ``4**2``, i.e. ``16``. You can also verify this by" +" changing the value of ``x`` and see how the results of the lambdas change::" +msgstr "" +"这是因为 ``x`` 不是 lambda 函数的内部变量，而是定义于外部作用域中的，并且 ``x`` 是在调用 lambda " +"时访问的——而不是在定义时访问。循环结束时 ``x`` 的值是 ``4`` ，所以此时所有的函数都将返回 ``4**2`` ，即 ``16`` " +"。通过改变 ``x`` 的值并查看 lambda 的结果变化，也可以验证这一点。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:233 +msgid "" +">>> x = 8\n" +">>> squares[2]()\n" +"64" +msgstr "" +">>> x = 8\n" +">>> squares[2]()\n" +"64" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:237 +msgid "" +"In order to avoid this, you need to save the values in variables local to " +"the lambdas, so that they don't rely on the value of the global ``x``::" +msgstr "为了避免发生上述情况，需要将值保存在 lambda 局部变量，以使其不依赖于全局 ``x`` 的值：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:240 +msgid "" +">>> squares = []\n" +">>> for x in range(5):\n" +"... squares.append(lambda n=x: n**2)" +msgstr "" +">>> squares = []\n" +">>> for x in range(5):\n" +"... squares.append(lambda n=x: n**2)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Here, ``n=x`` creates a new variable ``n`` local to the lambda and computed " +"when the lambda is defined so that it has the same value that ``x`` had at " +"that point in the loop. This means that the value of ``n`` will be ``0`` in" +" the first lambda, ``1`` in the second, ``2`` in the third, and so on. " +"Therefore each lambda will now return the correct result::" +msgstr "" +"以上 ``n=x`` 创建了一个新的 lambda 本地变量 ``n``，并在定义 lambda 时计算其值，使其与循环当前时点的 ``x`` " +"值相同。这意味着 ``n`` 的值在第 1 个 lambda 中为 ``0`` ，在第 2 个 lambda 中为 ``1`` ，在第 3 个中为 " +"``2``，依此类推。因此现在每个 lambda 都会返回正确结果：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:250 +msgid "" +">>> squares[2]()\n" +"4\n" +">>> squares[4]()\n" +"16" +msgstr "" +">>> squares[2]()\n" +"4\n" +">>> squares[4]()\n" +"16" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Note that this behaviour is not peculiar to lambdas, but applies to regular " +"functions too." +msgstr "请注意，上述表现并不是 lambda 所特有的，常规的函数也同样适用。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:260 +msgid "How do I share global variables across modules?" +msgstr "如何跨模块共享全局变量？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:262 +msgid "" +"The canonical way to share information across modules within a single " +"program is to create a special module (often called config or cfg). Just " +"import the config module in all modules of your application; the module then" +" becomes available as a global name. Because there is only one instance of " +"each module, any changes made to the module object get reflected everywhere." +" For example:" +msgstr "" +"在单个程序中跨模块共享信息的规范方法是创建一个特殊模块（通常称为 config 或 cfg）。只需在应用程序的所有模块中导入该 config " +"模块；然后该模块就可当作全局名称使用了。因为每个模块只有一个实例，所以对该模块对象所做的任何更改将会在所有地方得以体现。 例如：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:268 +msgid "config.py::" +msgstr "config.py：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:270 +msgid "x = 0 # Default value of the 'x' configuration setting" +msgstr "x = 0 # 'x' 配置设置的默认值" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:272 +msgid "mod.py::" +msgstr "mod.py：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:274 +msgid "" +"import config\n" +"config.x = 1" +msgstr "" +"import config\n" +"config.x = 1" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:277 +msgid "main.py::" +msgstr "main.py：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:279 +msgid "" +"import config\n" +"import mod\n" +"print(config.x)" +msgstr "" +"import config\n" +"import mod\n" +"print(config.x)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Note that using a module is also the basis for implementing the singleton " +"design pattern, for the same reason." +msgstr "请注意，出于同样的原因，使用模块也是实现单例设计模式的基础。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:288 +msgid "What are the \"best practices\" for using import in a module?" +msgstr "导入模块的“最佳实践”是什么？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:290 +msgid "" +"In general, don't use ``from modulename import *``. Doing so clutters the " +"importer's namespace, and makes it much harder for linters to detect " +"undefined names." +msgstr "" +"通常请勿使用 ``from modulename import *`` 。因为这会扰乱 importer 的命名空间，且会造成未定义名称更难以被 " +"Linter 检查出来。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:294 +msgid "" +"Import modules at the top of a file. Doing so makes it clear what other " +"modules your code requires and avoids questions of whether the module name " +"is in scope. Using one import per line makes it easy to add and delete " +"module imports, but using multiple imports per line uses less screen space." +msgstr "" +"请在代码文件的首部就导入模块。这样代码所需的模块就一目了然了，也不用考虑模块名是否在作用域内的问题。每行导入一个模块则增删起来会比较容易，每行导入多个模块则更节省屏幕空间。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:299 +msgid "It's good practice if you import modules in the following order:" +msgstr "按如下顺序导入模块就是一种好做法：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:301 +msgid "" +"standard library modules -- e.g. :mod:`sys`, :mod:`os`, :mod:`argparse`, " +":mod:`re`" +msgstr "标准库模块——例如：:mod:`sys`、:mod:`os`、:mod:`argparse`、:mod:`re` 等。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:302 +msgid "" +"third-party library modules (anything installed in Python's site-packages " +"directory) -- e.g. :mod:`!dateutil`, :mod:`!requests`, :mod:`!PIL.Image`" +msgstr "" +"第三方库模块（安装于 Python site-packages " +"目录中的内容）——例如：:mod:`!dateutil`、:mod:`!requests`、:mod:`!PIL.Image` 等。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:304 +msgid "locally developed modules" +msgstr "本地开发的模块" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:306 +msgid "" +"It is sometimes necessary to move imports to a function or class to avoid " +"problems with circular imports. Gordon McMillan says:" +msgstr "为了避免循环导入引发的问题，有时需要将模块导入语句移入函数或类的内部。Gordon McMillan 的说法如下：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Circular imports are fine where both modules use the \"import \" " +"form of import. They fail when the 2nd module wants to grab a name out of " +"the first (\"from module import name\") and the import is at the top level." +" That's because names in the 1st are not yet available, because the first " +"module is busy importing the 2nd." +msgstr "" +"当两个模块都采用 \"import \" 的导入形式时，循环导入是没有问题的。但如果第 2 个模块想从第 1 " +"个模块中取出一个名称（\"from module import name\"）并且导入处于代码的最顶层，那导入就会失败。原因是第 1 " +"个模块中的名称还不可用，这时第 1 个模块正忙于导入第 2 个模块呢。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:315 +msgid "" +"In this case, if the second module is only used in one function, then the " +"import can easily be moved into that function. By the time the import is " +"called, the first module will have finished initializing, and the second " +"module can do its import." +msgstr "" +"如果只是在一个函数中用到第 2 个模块，那这时将导入语句移入该函数内部即可。当调用到导入语句时，第 1 个模块将已经完成初始化，第 2 " +"个模块就可以进行导入了。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:320 +msgid "" +"It may also be necessary to move imports out of the top level of code if " +"some of the modules are platform-specific. In that case, it may not even be" +" possible to import all of the modules at the top of the file. In this " +"case, importing the correct modules in the corresponding platform-specific " +"code is a good option." +msgstr "" +"如果某些模块是平台相关的，可能还需要把导入语句移出最顶级代码。这种情况下，甚至有可能无法导入文件首部的所有模块。于是在对应的平台相关代码中导入正确的模块，就是一种不错的选择。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Only move imports into a local scope, such as inside a function definition, " +"if it's necessary to solve a problem such as avoiding a circular import or " +"are trying to reduce the initialization time of a module. This technique is" +" especially helpful if many of the imports are unnecessary depending on how " +"the program executes. You may also want to move imports into a function if " +"the modules are only ever used in that function. Note that loading a module" +" the first time may be expensive because of the one time initialization of " +"the module, but loading a module multiple times is virtually free, costing " +"only a couple of dictionary lookups. Even if the module name has gone out " +"of scope, the module is probably available in :data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "" +"只有为了避免循环导入问题，或有必要减少模块初始化时间时，才把导入语句移入类似函数定义内部的局部作用域。如果根据程序的执行方式，许多导入操作不是必需的，那么这种技术尤其有用。如果模块仅在某个函数中用到，可能还要将导入操作移入该函数内部。请注意，因为模块有一次初始化过程，所以第一次加载模块的代价可能会比较高，但多次加载几乎没有什么花费，代价只是进行几次字典检索而已。即使模块名超出了作用域，模块在" +" :data:`sys.modules` 中也是可用的。 " + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:338 +msgid "Why are default values shared between objects?" +msgstr "为什么对象之间会共享默认值？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:340 +msgid "" +"This type of bug commonly bites neophyte programmers. Consider this " +"function::" +msgstr "新手程序员常常中招这类 Bug。请看以下函数：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:342 +msgid "" +"def foo(mydict={}): # Danger: shared reference to one dict for all calls\n" +" ... compute something ...\n" +" mydict[key] = value\n" +" return mydict" +msgstr "" +"def foo(mydict={}): # 危险：所有调用共享对一个字典的引用\n" +" ... 执行一些计算 ...\n" +" mydict[key] = value\n" +" return mydict" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:347 +msgid "" +"The first time you call this function, ``mydict`` contains a single item. " +"The second time, ``mydict`` contains two items because when ``foo()`` begins" +" executing, ``mydict`` starts out with an item already in it." +msgstr "" +"第一次调用此函数时， ``mydict`` 中只有一个数据项。第二次调用 ``mydict`` 则会包含两个数据项，因为 ``foo()`` " +"开始执行时， ``mydict`` 中已经带有一个数据项了。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:351 +msgid "" +"It is often expected that a function call creates new objects for default " +"values. This is not what happens. Default values are created exactly once, " +"when the function is defined. If that object is changed, like the " +"dictionary in this example, subsequent calls to the function will refer to " +"this changed object." +msgstr "" +"大家往往希望，函数调用会为默认值创建新的对象。但事实并非如此。默认值只会在函数定义时创建一次。如果对象发生改变，就如上例中的字典那样，则后续调用该函数时将会引用这个改动的对象。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:356 +msgid "" +"By definition, immutable objects such as numbers, strings, tuples, and " +"``None``, are safe from change. Changes to mutable objects such as " +"dictionaries, lists, and class instances can lead to confusion." +msgstr "" +"按照定义，不可变对象改动起来是安全的，诸如数字、字符串、元组和 ``None`` 之类。而可变对象的改动则可能引起困惑，例如字典、列表和类实例等。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Because of this feature, it is good programming practice to not use mutable " +"objects as default values. Instead, use ``None`` as the default value and " +"inside the function, check if the parameter is ``None`` and create a new " +"list/dictionary/whatever if it is. For example, don't write::" +msgstr "" +"因此，不把可变对象用作默认值是一种良好的编程做法。而应采用 ``None`` 作为默认值，然后在函数中检查参数是否为 ``None`` " +"并新建列表、字典或其他对象。例如，代码不应如下所示：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:365 +msgid "" +"def foo(mydict={}):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def foo(mydict={}):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:368 +msgid "but::" +msgstr "而应这么写：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:370 +msgid "" +"def foo(mydict=None):\n" +" if mydict is None:\n" +" mydict = {} # create a new dict for local namespace" +msgstr "" +"def foo(mydict=None):\n" +" if mydict is None:\n" +" mydict = {} # 为局部命名空间新建一个字典" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:374 +msgid "" +"This feature can be useful. When you have a function that's time-consuming " +"to compute, a common technique is to cache the parameters and the resulting " +"value of each call to the function, and return the cached value if the same " +"value is requested again. This is called \"memoizing\", and can be " +"implemented like this::" +msgstr "" +"参数默认值的特性有时会很有用处。 " +"如果有个函数的计算过程会比较耗时，有一种常见技巧是将每次函数调用的参数和结果缓存起来，并在同样的值被再次请求时返回缓存的值。这种技巧被称为“memoize”，实现代码可如下所示：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:379 +msgid "" +"# Callers can only provide two parameters and optionally pass _cache by keyword\n" +"def expensive(arg1, arg2, *, _cache={}):\n" +" if (arg1, arg2) in _cache:\n" +" return _cache[(arg1, arg2)]\n" +"\n" +" # Calculate the value\n" +" result = ... expensive computation ...\n" +" _cache[(arg1, arg2)] = result # Store result in the cache\n" +" return result" +msgstr "" +"# 调用方只能提供两个形参并可选择以关键字形式传入 _cache\n" +"def expensive(arg1, arg2, *, _cache={}):\n" +" if (arg1, arg2) in _cache:\n" +" return _cache[(arg1, arg2)]\n" +"\n" +" # 计算结果值\n" +" result = ... 高耗费的计算 ...\n" +" _cache[(arg1, arg2)] = result # 将结果保存在缓存中\n" +" return result" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:389 +msgid "" +"You could use a global variable containing a dictionary instead of the " +"default value; it's a matter of taste." +msgstr "也可以不用参数默认值来实现，而是采用全局的字典变量；这取决于个人偏好。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:394 +msgid "" +"How can I pass optional or keyword parameters from one function to another?" +msgstr "如何将可选参数或关键字参数从一个函数传递到另一个函数？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Collect the arguments using the ``*`` and ``**`` specifiers in the " +"function's parameter list; this gives you the positional arguments as a " +"tuple and the keyword arguments as a dictionary. You can then pass these " +"arguments when calling another function by using ``*`` and ``**``::" +msgstr "" +"请利用函数参数列表中的标识符 ``*`` 和 ``**`` 归集实参；结果会是元组形式的位置实参和字典形式的关键字实参。然后就可利用 ``*`` 和 " +"``**`` 在调用其他函数时传入这些实参：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:401 +msgid "" +"def f(x, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" ...\n" +" kwargs['width'] = '14.3c'\n" +" ...\n" +" g(x, *args, **kwargs)" +msgstr "" +"def f(x, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" ...\n" +" kwargs['width'] = '14.3c'\n" +" ...\n" +" g(x, *args, **kwargs)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:415 +msgid "What is the difference between arguments and parameters?" +msgstr "形参和实参之间有什么区别？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:417 +msgid "" +":term:`Parameters ` are defined by the names that appear in a " +"function definition, whereas :term:`arguments ` are the values " +"actually passed to a function when calling it. Parameters define what " +":term:`kind of arguments ` a function can accept. For example, " +"given the function definition::" +msgstr "" +":term:`形参 ` 是由出现在函数定义中的名称来定义的，而 :term:`参数 ` " +"则是在调用函数时实际传入的值。 形参定义了一个函数能接受什么 :term:`参数种类 `。 例如，对于以下函数定义::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:423 +msgid "" +"def func(foo, bar=None, **kwargs):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"def func(foo, bar=None, **kwargs):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:426 +msgid "" +"*foo*, *bar* and *kwargs* are parameters of ``func``. However, when calling" +" ``func``, for example::" +msgstr "*foo* 、 *bar* 和 *kwargs* 是 ``func`` 的形参。 不过在调用 ``func`` 时，例如：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:429 +msgid "func(42, bar=314, extra=somevar)" +msgstr "func(42, bar=314, extra=somevar)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:431 +msgid "the values ``42``, ``314``, and ``somevar`` are arguments." +msgstr "``42`` 、 ``314`` 和 ``somevar`` 则是实参。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:435 +msgid "Why did changing list 'y' also change list 'x'?" +msgstr "为什么修改列表 'y' 也会更改列表 'x'？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:437 +msgid "If you wrote code like::" +msgstr "如果代码编写如下：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:439 +msgid "" +">>> x = []\n" +">>> y = x\n" +">>> y.append(10)\n" +">>> y\n" +"[10]\n" +">>> x\n" +"[10]" +msgstr "" +">>> x = []\n" +">>> y = x\n" +">>> y.append(10)\n" +">>> y\n" +"[10]\n" +">>> x\n" +"[10]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:447 +msgid "" +"you might be wondering why appending an element to ``y`` changed ``x`` too." +msgstr "或许大家很想知道，为什么在 y 中添加一个元素时， x 也会改变。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:449 +msgid "There are two factors that produce this result:" +msgstr "产生这种结果有两个因素：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:451 +msgid "" +"Variables are simply names that refer to objects. Doing ``y = x`` doesn't " +"create a copy of the list -- it creates a new variable ``y`` that refers to " +"the same object ``x`` refers to. This means that there is only one object " +"(the list), and both ``x`` and ``y`` refer to it." +msgstr "" +"变量只是指向对象的一个名称。执行 ``y = x`` 并不会创建列表的副本——而只是创建了一个新变量 ``y``，并指向 ``x`` " +"所指的同一对象。这就意味着只存在一个列表对象，``x`` 和 ``y`` 都是对它的引用。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:455 +msgid "" +"Lists are :term:`mutable`, which means that you can change their content." +msgstr "列表属于 :term:`mutable` 对象，这意味着它的内容是可以修改的。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:457 +msgid "" +"After the call to :meth:`!append`, the content of the mutable object has " +"changed from ``[]`` to ``[10]``. Since both the variables refer to the same" +" object, using either name accesses the modified value ``[10]``." +msgstr "" +"在调用 :meth:`!append` 之后，该可变对象的内容由 ``[]`` 变为 ``[10]``。 " +"由于两个变量引用了同一对象，因此用其中任意一个名称所访问到的都是修改后的值 ``[10]``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:461 +msgid "If we instead assign an immutable object to ``x``::" +msgstr "如果把赋给 ``x`` 的对象换成一个不可变对象：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:463 +msgid "" +">>> x = 5 # ints are immutable\n" +">>> y = x\n" +">>> x = x + 1 # 5 can't be mutated, we are creating a new object here\n" +">>> x\n" +"6\n" +">>> y\n" +"5" +msgstr "" +">>> x = 5 # 整数是不可变对象\n" +">>> y = x\n" +">>> x = x + 1 # 5 不能被修改，在此我们会新建一个对象\n" +">>> x\n" +"6\n" +">>> y\n" +"5" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:471 +msgid "" +"we can see that in this case ``x`` and ``y`` are not equal anymore. This is" +" because integers are :term:`immutable`, and when we do ``x = x + 1`` we are" +" not mutating the int ``5`` by incrementing its value; instead, we are " +"creating a new object (the int ``6``) and assigning it to ``x`` (that is, " +"changing which object ``x`` refers to). After this assignment we have two " +"objects (the ints ``6`` and ``5``) and two variables that refer to them " +"(``x`` now refers to ``6`` but ``y`` still refers to ``5``)." +msgstr "" +"可见这时 ``x`` 和 ``y`` 就不再相等了。因为整数是 :term:`immutable` 对象，在执行 ``x = x + 1`` " +"时，并不会修改整数对象 ``5``，给它加上 1；而是创建了一个新的对象（整数对象 ``6`` ）并将其赋给 ``x`` （也就是改变了 ``x`` " +"所指向的对象）。在赋值完成后，就有了两个对象（整数对象 ``6`` 和 ``5`` ）和分别指向他俩的两个变量（ ``x`` 现在指向 ``6`` 而 " +"``y`` 仍然指向 ``5`` ）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:479 +msgid "" +"Some operations (for example ``y.append(10)`` and ``y.sort()``) mutate the " +"object, whereas superficially similar operations (for example ``y = y + " +"[10]`` and :func:`sorted(y) `) create a new object. In general in " +"Python (and in all cases in the standard library) a method that mutates an " +"object will return ``None`` to help avoid getting the two types of " +"operations confused. So if you mistakenly write ``y.sort()`` thinking it " +"will give you a sorted copy of ``y``, you'll instead end up with ``None``, " +"which will likely cause your program to generate an easily diagnosed error." +msgstr "" +"某些操作 (例如 ``y.append(10)`` 和 ``y.sort()``) 是改变原对象，而看上去相似的另一些操作 (例如 ``y = y + " +"[10]`` 和 :func:`sorted(y) ) 则是创建新对象。 通常在 Python 中 (以及在标准库的所有代码中) " +"会改变原对象的方法将返回 ``None`` 以帮助避免混淆这两种不同类型的操作。 因此如果你错误地使用了 ``y.sort()`` " +"并期望它将返回一个经过排序的 ``y`` 的副本，你得到的结果将会是 ``None``，这将导致你的程序产生一个容易诊断的错误。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:488 +msgid "" +"However, there is one class of operations where the same operation sometimes" +" has different behaviors with different types: the augmented assignment " +"operators. For example, ``+=`` mutates lists but not tuples or ints " +"(``a_list += [1, 2, 3]`` is equivalent to ``a_list.extend([1, 2, 3])`` and " +"mutates ``a_list``, whereas ``some_tuple += (1, 2, 3)`` and ``some_int += " +"1`` create new objects)." +msgstr "" +"不过还存在一类操作，用不同的类型执行相同的操作有时会发生不同的行为：即增量赋值运算符。例如，``+=`` " +"会修改列表，但不会修改元组或整数（``a_list += [1, 2, 3]`` 与 ``a_list.extend([1, 2, 3])`` " +"同样都会改变 ``a_list``，而 ``some_tuple += (1, 2, 3)`` 和 ``some_int += 1`` " +"则会创建新的对象）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:495 +msgid "In other words:" +msgstr "换而言之：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:497 +msgid "" +"If we have a mutable object (:class:`list`, :class:`dict`, :class:`set`, " +"etc.), we can use some specific operations to mutate it and all the " +"variables that refer to it will see the change." +msgstr "" +"对于一个可变对象（ :class:`list` 、 :class:`dict` 、 :class:`set` " +"等等），可以利用某些特定的操作进行修改，所有引用它的变量都会反映出改动情况。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:500 +msgid "" +"If we have an immutable object (:class:`str`, :class:`int`, :class:`tuple`, " +"etc.), all the variables that refer to it will always see the same value, " +"but operations that transform that value into a new value always return a " +"new object." +msgstr "" +"对于一个不可变对象（ :class:`str` 、 :class:`int` 、 :class:`tuple` " +"等），所有引用它的变量都会给出相同的值，但所有改变其值的操作都将返回一个新的对象。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:505 +msgid "" +"If you want to know if two variables refer to the same object or not, you " +"can use the :keyword:`is` operator, or the built-in function :func:`id`." +msgstr "如要知道两个变量是否指向同一个对象，可以利用 :keyword:`is` 运算符或内置函数 :func:`id`。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:510 +msgid "How do I write a function with output parameters (call by reference)?" +msgstr "如何编写带有输出参数的函数（按照引用调用）？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:512 +msgid "" +"Remember that arguments are passed by assignment in Python. Since " +"assignment just creates references to objects, there's no alias between an " +"argument name in the caller and callee, and so no call-by-reference per se." +" You can achieve the desired effect in a number of ways." +msgstr "" +"请记住，Python " +"中的实参是通过赋值传递的。由于赋值只是创建了对象的引用，所以调用方和被调用方的参数名都不存在别名，本质上也就不存在按引用调用的方式。通过以下几种方式，可以得到所需的效果。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:517 +msgid "By returning a tuple of the results::" +msgstr "返回一个元组：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:519 +msgid "" +">>> def func1(a, b):\n" +"... a = 'new-value' # a and b are local names\n" +"... b = b + 1 # assigned to new objects\n" +"... return a, b # return new values\n" +"...\n" +">>> x, y = 'old-value', 99\n" +">>> func1(x, y)\n" +"('new-value', 100)" +msgstr "" +">>> def func1(a, b):\n" +"... a = 'new-value' # a 和 b 是局部名称\n" +"... b = b + 1 # 赋值为新的对象\n" +"... return a, b # 返回新的值\n" +"...\n" +">>> x, y = 'old-value', 99\n" +">>> func1(x, y)\n" +"('new-value', 100)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:528 +msgid "This is almost always the clearest solution." +msgstr "这差不多是最明晰的解决方案了。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:530 +msgid "" +"By using global variables. This isn't thread-safe, and is not recommended." +msgstr "使用全局变量。这不是线程安全的方案，不推荐使用。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:532 +msgid "By passing a mutable (changeable in-place) object::" +msgstr "传递一个可变（即可原地修改的） 对象：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:534 +msgid "" +">>> def func2(a):\n" +"... a[0] = 'new-value' # 'a' references a mutable list\n" +"... a[1] = a[1] + 1 # changes a shared object\n" +"...\n" +">>> args = ['old-value', 99]\n" +">>> func2(args)\n" +">>> args\n" +"['new-value', 100]" +msgstr "" +">>> def func2(a):\n" +"... a[0] = 'new-value' # 'a' 引用了一个可变的列表\n" +"... a[1] = a[1] + 1 # 修改一个共享对象\n" +"...\n" +">>> args = ['old-value', 99]\n" +">>> func2(args)\n" +">>> args\n" +"['new-value', 100]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:543 +msgid "By passing in a dictionary that gets mutated::" +msgstr "传入一个接收可变对象的字典::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:545 +msgid "" +">>> def func3(args):\n" +"... args['a'] = 'new-value' # args is a mutable dictionary\n" +"... args['b'] = args['b'] + 1 # change it in-place\n" +"...\n" +">>> args = {'a': 'old-value', 'b': 99}\n" +">>> func3(args)\n" +">>> args\n" +"{'a': 'new-value', 'b': 100}" +msgstr "" +">>> def func3(args):\n" +"... args['a'] = 'new-value' # args 是一个可变的字典\n" +"... args['b'] = args['b'] + 1 # 对其进行原地修改\n" +"...\n" +">>> args = {'a': 'old-value', 'b': 99}\n" +">>> func3(args)\n" +">>> args\n" +"{'a': 'new-value', 'b': 100}" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:554 +msgid "Or bundle up values in a class instance::" +msgstr "或者把值用类实例封装起来：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:556 +msgid "" +">>> class Namespace:\n" +"... def __init__(self, /, **args):\n" +"... for key, value in args.items():\n" +"... setattr(self, key, value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def func4(args):\n" +"... args.a = 'new-value' # args is a mutable Namespace\n" +"... args.b = args.b + 1 # change object in-place\n" +"...\n" +">>> args = Namespace(a='old-value', b=99)\n" +">>> func4(args)\n" +">>> vars(args)\n" +"{'a': 'new-value', 'b': 100}" +msgstr "" +">>> class Namespace:\n" +"... def __init__(self, /, **args):\n" +"... for key, value in args.items():\n" +"... setattr(self, key, value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def func4(args):\n" +"... args.a = 'new-value' # args 是一个可变的 Namespace\n" +"... args.b = args.b + 1 # 原地修改对象\n" +"...\n" +">>> args = Namespace(a='old-value', b=99)\n" +">>> func4(args)\n" +">>> vars(args)\n" +"{'a': 'new-value', 'b': 100}" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:571 +msgid "There's almost never a good reason to get this complicated." +msgstr "没有什么理由要把问题搞得这么复杂。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:573 +msgid "Your best choice is to return a tuple containing the multiple results." +msgstr "最佳选择就是返回一个包含多个结果值的元组。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:577 +msgid "How do you make a higher order function in Python?" +msgstr "如何在 Python 中创建高阶函数？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:579 +msgid "" +"You have two choices: you can use nested scopes or you can use callable " +"objects. For example, suppose you wanted to define ``linear(a,b)`` which " +"returns a function ``f(x)`` that computes the value ``a*x+b``. Using nested" +" scopes::" +msgstr "" +"有两种选择：嵌套作用域、可调用对象。假定需要定义 ``linear(a,b)`` ，其返回结果是一个计算出 ``a*x+b`` 的函数 " +"``f(x)``。 采用嵌套作用域的方案如下：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:583 +msgid "" +"def linear(a, b):\n" +" def result(x):\n" +" return a * x + b\n" +" return result" +msgstr "" +"def linear(a, b):\n" +" def result(x):\n" +" return a * x + b\n" +" return result" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:588 +msgid "Or using a callable object::" +msgstr "或者可采用可调用对象：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:590 +msgid "" +"class linear:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, a, b):\n" +" self.a, self.b = a, b\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, x):\n" +" return self.a * x + self.b" +msgstr "" +"class linear:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, a, b):\n" +" self.a, self.b = a, b\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, x):\n" +" return self.a * x + self.b" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:598 +msgid "In both cases, ::" +msgstr "采用这两种方案时：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:600 +msgid "taxes = linear(0.3, 2)" +msgstr "taxes = linear(0.3, 2)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:602 +msgid "gives a callable object where ``taxes(10e6) == 0.3 * 10e6 + 2``." +msgstr "都会得到一个可调用对象，可实现 ``taxes(10e6) == 0.3 * 10e6 + 2`` 。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:604 +msgid "" +"The callable object approach has the disadvantage that it is a bit slower " +"and results in slightly longer code. However, note that a collection of " +"callables can share their signature via inheritance::" +msgstr "可调用对象的方案有个缺点，就是速度稍慢且生成的代码略长。不过值得注意的是，同一组可调用对象能够通过继承来共享签名（类声明）：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:608 +msgid "" +"class exponential(linear):\n" +" # __init__ inherited\n" +" def __call__(self, x):\n" +" return self.a * (x ** self.b)" +msgstr "" +"class exponential(linear):\n" +" # 继承了 __init__\n" +" def __call__(self, x):\n" +" return self.a * (x ** self.b)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:613 +msgid "Object can encapsulate state for several methods::" +msgstr "对象可以为多个方法的运行状态进行封装：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:615 +msgid "" +"class counter:\n" +"\n" +" value = 0\n" +"\n" +" def set(self, x):\n" +" self.value = x\n" +"\n" +" def up(self):\n" +" self.value = self.value + 1\n" +"\n" +" def down(self):\n" +" self.value = self.value - 1\n" +"\n" +"count = counter()\n" +"inc, dec, reset = count.up, count.down, count.set" +msgstr "" +"class counter:\n" +"\n" +" value = 0\n" +"\n" +" def set(self, x):\n" +" self.value = x\n" +"\n" +" def up(self):\n" +" self.value = self.value + 1\n" +"\n" +" def down(self):\n" +" self.value = self.value - 1\n" +"\n" +"count = counter()\n" +"inc, dec, reset = count.up, count.down, count.set" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:631 +msgid "" +"Here ``inc()``, ``dec()`` and ``reset()`` act like functions which share the" +" same counting variable." +msgstr "以上 ``inc()`` 、 ``dec()`` 和 ``reset()`` 的表现，就如同共享了同一计数变量一样。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:636 +msgid "How do I copy an object in Python?" +msgstr "如何复制 Python 对象？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:638 +msgid "" +"In general, try :func:`copy.copy` or :func:`copy.deepcopy` for the general " +"case. Not all objects can be copied, but most can." +msgstr "" +"一般情况下，用 :func:`copy.copy` 或 :func:`copy.deepcopy` " +"基本就可以了。并不是所有对象都支持复制，但多数是可以的。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:641 +msgid "" +"Some objects can be copied more easily. Dictionaries have a " +":meth:`~dict.copy` method::" +msgstr "某些对象可以用更简便的方法进行复制。比如字典对象就提供了 :meth:`~dict.copy` 方法：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:644 +msgid "newdict = olddict.copy()" +msgstr "newdict = olddict.copy()" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:646 +msgid "Sequences can be copied by slicing::" +msgstr "序列可以用切片操作进行复制：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:648 +msgid "new_l = l[:]" +msgstr "new_l = l[:]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:652 +msgid "How can I find the methods or attributes of an object?" +msgstr "如何找到对象的方法或属性？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:654 +msgid "" +"For an instance ``x`` of a user-defined class, :func:`dir(x) ` returns " +"an alphabetized list of the names containing the instance attributes and " +"methods and attributes defined by its class." +msgstr "" +"对于一个用户定义类的实例 ``x``，:func:`dir(x) ` " +"将返回一个按字母顺序排列的名称列表，其中包含实例属性及由类定义的方法和属性。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:660 +msgid "How can my code discover the name of an object?" +msgstr "如何用代码获取对象的名称？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Generally speaking, it can't, because objects don't really have names. " +"Essentially, assignment always binds a name to a value; the same is true of " +"``def`` and ``class`` statements, but in that case the value is a callable. " +"Consider the following code::" +msgstr "" +"一般而言这是无法实现的，因为对象并不存在真正的名称。赋值本质上是把某个名称绑定到某个值上；``def`` 和 ``class`` " +"语句同样如此，只是值换成了某个可调用对象。比如以下代码：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:667 +msgid "" +">>> class A:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> B = A\n" +">>> a = B()\n" +">>> b = a\n" +">>> print(b)\n" +"<__main__.A object at 0x16D07CC>\n" +">>> print(a)\n" +"<__main__.A object at 0x16D07CC>" +msgstr "" +">>> class A:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> B = A\n" +">>> a = B()\n" +">>> b = a\n" +">>> print(b)\n" +"<__main__.A object at 0x16D07CC>\n" +">>> print(a)\n" +"<__main__.A object at 0x16D07CC>" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:678 +msgid "" +"Arguably the class has a name: even though it is bound to two names and " +"invoked through the name ``B`` the created instance is still reported as an " +"instance of class ``A``. However, it is impossible to say whether the " +"instance's name is ``a`` or ``b``, since both names are bound to the same " +"value." +msgstr "" +"可以不太严谨地说上述类有一个名称：即使它绑定了两个名称并通过名称 ``B`` 唤起所创建的实例仍将被报告为类 ``A`` 的实例。 " +"但是，没有办法肯定地说实例的名称是 ``a`` 还是 ``b``，因为这两个名称都被绑定到同一个值上了。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:683 +msgid "" +"Generally speaking it should not be necessary for your code to \"know the " +"names\" of particular values. Unless you are deliberately writing " +"introspective programs, this is usually an indication that a change of " +"approach might be beneficial." +msgstr "代码一般没有必要去“知晓”某个值的名称。通常这种需求预示着还是改变方案为好，除非真的是要编写内审程序。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:688 +msgid "" +"In comp.lang.python, Fredrik Lundh once gave an excellent analogy in answer " +"to this question:" +msgstr "在 comp.lang.python 中，Fredrik Lundh 在回答这样的问题时曾经给出过一个绝佳的类比：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:691 +msgid "" +"The same way as you get the name of that cat you found on your porch: the " +"cat (object) itself cannot tell you its name, and it doesn't really care -- " +"so the only way to find out what it's called is to ask all your neighbours " +"(namespaces) if it's their cat (object)..." +msgstr "" +"这就像要知道家门口的那只猫的名字一样：猫（对象）自己不会说出它的名字，它根本就不在乎自己叫什么——所以唯一方法就是问一遍你所有的邻居（命名空间），这是不是他们家的猫（对象）……" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:696 +msgid "" +"....and don't be surprised if you'll find that it's known by many names, or " +"no name at all!" +msgstr "……并且如果你发现它有很多名字或根本没有名字，那也不必惊讶！" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:701 +msgid "What's up with the comma operator's precedence?" +msgstr "逗号运算符的优先级是什么？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:703 +msgid "Comma is not an operator in Python. Consider this session::" +msgstr "逗号不是 Python 的运算符。 请看以下例子：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:705 +msgid "" +">>> \"a\" in \"b\", \"a\"\n" +"(False, 'a')" +msgstr "" +">>> \"a\" in \"b\", \"a\"\n" +"(False, 'a')" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:708 +msgid "" +"Since the comma is not an operator, but a separator between expressions the " +"above is evaluated as if you had entered::" +msgstr "由于逗号不是运算符，而只是表达式之间的分隔符，因此上述代码就相当于：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:711 +msgid "(\"a\" in \"b\"), \"a\"" +msgstr "(\"a\" in \"b\"), \"a\"" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:713 +msgid "not::" +msgstr "而不是：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:715 +msgid "\"a\" in (\"b\", \"a\")" +msgstr "\"a\" in (\"b\", \"a\")" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:717 +msgid "" +"The same is true of the various assignment operators (``=``, ``+=`` etc). " +"They are not truly operators but syntactic delimiters in assignment " +"statements." +msgstr "对于各种赋值运算符（ ``=`` 、 ``+=`` 等）来说同样如此。他们并不是真正的运算符，而只是赋值语句中的语法分隔符。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:722 +msgid "Is there an equivalent of C's \"?:\" ternary operator?" +msgstr "是否提供等价于 C 语言 \"?:\" 三目运算符的东西？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:724 +msgid "Yes, there is. The syntax is as follows::" +msgstr "有的。语法如下：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:726 +msgid "" +"[on_true] if [expression] else [on_false]\n" +"\n" +"x, y = 50, 25\n" +"small = x if x < y else y" +msgstr "" +"[on_true] if [expression] else [on_false]\n" +"\n" +"x, y = 50, 25\n" +"small = x if x < y else y" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:731 +msgid "" +"Before this syntax was introduced in Python 2.5, a common idiom was to use " +"logical operators::" +msgstr "在 Python 2.5 引入上述语法之前，通常的做法是使用逻辑运算符：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:734 +msgid "[expression] and [on_true] or [on_false]" +msgstr "[expression] and [on_true] or [on_false]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:736 +msgid "" +"However, this idiom is unsafe, as it can give wrong results when *on_true* " +"has a false boolean value. Therefore, it is always better to use the ``... " +"if ... else ...`` form." +msgstr "" +"然而这种做法并不保险，因为当 *on_true* 为布尔值“假”时，结果将会出错。所以肯定还是采用 ``... if ... else ...`` " +"形式为妙。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:742 +msgid "Is it possible to write obfuscated one-liners in Python?" +msgstr "是否可以用 Python 编写让人眼晕的单行程序?" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:744 +msgid "" +"Yes. Usually this is done by nesting :keyword:`lambda` within " +":keyword:`!lambda`. See the following three examples, slightly adapted from" +" Ulf Bartelt::" +msgstr "" +"可以。 这一般是通过在 :keyword:`!lambda` 中嵌套 :keyword:`lambda` 来实现的。 请参阅以下三个示例，它们是基于 " +"Ulf Bartelt 的代码改写的::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:747 +msgid "" +"from functools import reduce\n" +"\n" +"# Primes < 1000\n" +"print(list(filter(None,map(lambda y:y*reduce(lambda x,y:x*y!=0,\n" +"map(lambda x,y=y:y%x,range(2,int(pow(y,0.5)+1))),1),range(2,1000)))))\n" +"\n" +"# First 10 Fibonacci numbers\n" +"print(list(map(lambda x,f=lambda x,f:(f(x-1,f)+f(x-2,f)) if x>1 else 1:\n" +"f(x,f), range(10))))\n" +"\n" +"# Mandelbrot set\n" +"print((lambda Ru,Ro,Iu,Io,IM,Sx,Sy:reduce(lambda x,y:x+'\\n'+y,map(lambda y,\n" +"Iu=Iu,Io=Io,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,Sy=Sy,L=lambda yc,Iu=Iu,Io=Io,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,i=IM,\n" +"Sx=Sx,Sy=Sy:reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,map(lambda x,xc=Ru,yc=yc,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,\n" +"i=i,Sx=Sx,F=lambda xc,yc,x,y,k,f=lambda xc,yc,x,y,k,f:(k<=0)or (x*x+y*y\n" +">=4.0) or 1+f(xc,yc,x*x-y*y+xc,2.0*x*y+yc,k-1,f):f(xc,yc,x,y,k,f):chr(\n" +"64+F(Ru+x*(Ro-Ru)/Sx,yc,0,0,i)),range(Sx))):L(Iu+y*(Io-Iu)/Sy),range(Sy\n" +"))))(-2.1, 0.7, -1.2, 1.2, 30, 80, 24))\n" +"# \\___ ___/ \\___ ___/ | | |__ lines on screen\n" +"# V V | |______ columns on screen\n" +"# | | |__________ maximum of \"iterations\"\n" +"# | |_________________ range on y axis\n" +"# |____________________________ range on x axis" +msgstr "" +"from functools import reduce\n" +"\n" +"# < 1000 的质数\n" +"print(list(filter(None,map(lambda y:y*reduce(lambda x,y:x*y!=0,\n" +"map(lambda x,y=y:y%x,range(2,int(pow(y,0.5)+1))),1),range(2,1000)))))\n" +"\n" +"# 前 10 个斐波那契数字\n" +"print(list(map(lambda x,f=lambda x,f:(f(x-1,f)+f(x-2,f)) if x>1 else 1:\n" +"f(x,f), range(10))))\n" +"\n" +"# 曼德布罗集\n" +"print((lambda Ru,Ro,Iu,Io,IM,Sx,Sy:reduce(lambda x,y:x+'\\n'+y,map(lambda y,\n" +"Iu=Iu,Io=Io,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,Sy=Sy,L=lambda yc,Iu=Iu,Io=Io,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,i=IM,\n" +"Sx=Sx,Sy=Sy:reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,map(lambda x,xc=Ru,yc=yc,Ru=Ru,Ro=Ro,\n" +"i=i,Sx=Sx,F=lambda xc,yc,x,y,k,f=lambda xc,yc,x,y,k,f:(k<=0)or (x*x+y*y\n" +">=4.0) or 1+f(xc,yc,x*x-y*y+xc,2.0*x*y+yc,k-1,f):f(xc,yc,x,y,k,f):chr(\n" +"64+F(Ru+x*(Ro-Ru)/Sx,yc,0,0,i)),range(Sx))):L(Iu+y*(Io-Iu)/Sy),range(Sy\n" +"))))(-2.1, 0.7, -1.2, 1.2, 30, 80, 24))\n" +"# \\___ ___/ \\___ ___/ | | |__ 屏幕上的行\n" +"# V V | |______ 屏幕上的列\n" +"# | | |__________ “迭代”的最大次数\n" +"# | |_________________ y 轴上的取值范围\n" +"# |____________________________ x 轴上的取值范围" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:771 +msgid "Don't try this at home, kids!" +msgstr "请不要在家里尝试，骚年！" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:777 +msgid "What does the slash(/) in the parameter list of a function mean?" +msgstr "函数形参列表中的斜杠（/）是什么意思？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:779 +msgid "" +"A slash in the argument list of a function denotes that the parameters prior" +" to it are positional-only. Positional-only parameters are the ones without" +" an externally usable name. Upon calling a function that accepts " +"positional-only parameters, arguments are mapped to parameters based solely " +"on their position. For example, :func:`divmod` is a function that accepts " +"positional-only parameters. Its documentation looks like this::" +msgstr "" +"函数参数列表中的斜杠表示在它之前的形参都是仅限位置形参。 仅限位置形参没有可供外部使用的名称。 " +"在调用接受仅限位置形参的函数时，参数将只根据其位置被映射到形参上。 例如，:func:`divmod` 就是一个接受仅限位置形参的函数。 " +"它的文档说明是这样的::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:786 +msgid "" +">>> help(divmod)\n" +"Help on built-in function divmod in module builtins:\n" +"\n" +"divmod(x, y, /)\n" +" Return the tuple (x//y, x%y). Invariant: div*y + mod == x." +msgstr "" +">>> help(divmod)\n" +"Help on built-in function divmod in module builtins:\n" +"\n" +"divmod(x, y, /)\n" +" Return the tuple (x//y, x%y). Invariant: div*y + mod == x." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:792 +msgid "" +"The slash at the end of the parameter list means that both parameters are " +"positional-only. Thus, calling :func:`divmod` with keyword arguments would " +"lead to an error::" +msgstr "形参列表尾部的斜杠说明，两个形参都是仅限位置形参。因此，用关键字参数调用 :func:`divmod` 将会引发错误：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:796 +msgid "" +">>> divmod(x=3, y=4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: divmod() takes no keyword arguments" +msgstr "" +">>> divmod(x=3, y=4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: divmod() takes no keyword arguments" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:803 +msgid "Numbers and strings" +msgstr "数字和字符串" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:806 +msgid "How do I specify hexadecimal and octal integers?" +msgstr "如何给出十六进制和八进制整数？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:808 +msgid "" +"To specify an octal digit, precede the octal value with a zero, and then a " +"lower or uppercase \"o\". For example, to set the variable \"a\" to the " +"octal value \"10\" (8 in decimal), type::" +msgstr "" +"要给出八进制数，需在八进制数值前面加上一个零和一个小写或大写字母 \"o\" 作为前缀。例如，要将变量 \"a\" 设为八进制的 \"10\" " +"（十进制的 8），写法如下：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:812 +msgid "" +">>> a = 0o10\n" +">>> a\n" +"8" +msgstr "" +">>> a = 0o10\n" +">>> a\n" +"8" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:816 +msgid "" +"Hexadecimal is just as easy. Simply precede the hexadecimal number with a " +"zero, and then a lower or uppercase \"x\". Hexadecimal digits can be " +"specified in lower or uppercase. For example, in the Python interpreter::" +msgstr "" +"十六进制数也很简单。只要在十六进制数前面加上一个零和一个小写或大写的字母 \"x\"。十六进制数中的字母可以为大写或小写。比如在 Python " +"解释器中输入：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:820 +msgid "" +">>> a = 0xa5\n" +">>> a\n" +"165\n" +">>> b = 0XB2\n" +">>> b\n" +"178" +msgstr "" +">>> a = 0xa5\n" +">>> a\n" +"165\n" +">>> b = 0XB2\n" +">>> b\n" +"178" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:829 +msgid "Why does -22 // 10 return -3?" +msgstr "为什么 -22 // 10 会返回 -3 ？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:831 +msgid "" +"It's primarily driven by the desire that ``i % j`` have the same sign as " +"``j``. If you want that, and also want::" +msgstr "这主要是为了让 ``i % j`` 的正负与 ``j`` 一致，如果期望如此，且期望如下等式成立：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:834 +msgid "i == (i // j) * j + (i % j)" +msgstr "i == (i // j) * j + (i % j)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:836 +msgid "" +"then integer division has to return the floor. C also requires that " +"identity to hold, and then compilers that truncate ``i // j`` need to make " +"``i % j`` have the same sign as ``i``." +msgstr "" +"那么整除就必须返回向下取整的结果。C 语言同样要求保持这种一致性，于是编译器在截断 ``i // j`` 的结果时需要让 ``i % j`` 的正负与 " +"``i`` 一致。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:840 +msgid "" +"There are few real use cases for ``i % j`` when ``j`` is negative. When " +"``j`` is positive, there are many, and in virtually all of them it's more " +"useful for ``i % j`` to be ``>= 0``. If the clock says 10 now, what did it " +"say 200 hours ago? ``-190 % 12 == 2`` is useful; ``-190 % 12 == -10`` is a " +"bug waiting to bite." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``i % j`` 来说 ``j`` 为负值的应用场景实际上是非常少的。 而 ``j`` 为正值的情况则非常多，并且实际上在所有情况下让 ``i " +"% j`` 的结果为 ``>= 0`` 会更有用处。 如果现在时间为 10 时，那么 200 小时前应是几时？ ``-190 % 12 == 2`` " +"是有用处的；``-190 % 12 == -10`` 则是会导致意外的漏洞。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:848 +msgid "How do I get int literal attribute instead of SyntaxError?" +msgstr "我如何获得 int 字面属性而不是 SyntaxError ？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:850 +msgid "" +"Trying to lookup an ``int`` literal attribute in the normal manner gives a " +":exc:`SyntaxError` because the period is seen as a decimal point::" +msgstr "尝试以正式方式查找一个 ``int`` 字面值属性会发生 :exc:`SyntaxError` 因为句点会被当作是小数点::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:853 +msgid "" +">>> 1.__class__\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" 1.__class__\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid decimal literal" +msgstr "" +">>> 1.__class__\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" 1.__class__\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid decimal literal" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:859 +msgid "" +"The solution is to separate the literal from the period with either a space " +"or parentheses." +msgstr "解决办法是用空格或括号将字词与句号分开。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:869 +msgid "How do I convert a string to a number?" +msgstr "如何将字符串转换为数字？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:871 +msgid "" +"For integers, use the built-in :func:`int` type constructor, e.g. " +"``int('144') == 144``. Similarly, :func:`float` converts to a floating-" +"point number, e.g. ``float('144') == 144.0``." +msgstr "" +"对于整数，可使用内置的 :func:`int` 类型构造器，例如 ``int('144') == 144``。 类似地，可使用 " +":func:`float` 转换为浮点数，例如 ``float('144') == 144.0``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:875 +msgid "" +"By default, these interpret the number as decimal, so that ``int('0144') == " +"144`` holds true, and ``int('0x144')`` raises :exc:`ValueError`. " +"``int(string, base)`` takes the base to convert from as a second optional " +"argument, so ``int( '0x144', 16) == 324``. If the base is specified as 0, " +"the number is interpreted using Python's rules: a leading '0o' indicates " +"octal, and '0x' indicates a hex number." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，这些操作会将数字按十进制来解读，因此 ``int('0144') == 144`` 为真值，而 ``int('0x144')`` 会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 ``int(string, base)`` 接受第二个可选参数指定转换的基数，例如 ``int( '0x144'," +" 16) == 324``。 如果指定基数为 0，则按 Python 规则解读数字：前缀 '0o' 表示八进制，而 '0x' 表示十六进制。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:882 +msgid "" +"Do not use the built-in function :func:`eval` if all you need is to convert " +"strings to numbers. :func:`eval` will be significantly slower and it " +"presents a security risk: someone could pass you a Python expression that " +"might have unwanted side effects. For example, someone could pass " +"``__import__('os').system(\"rm -rf $HOME\")`` which would erase your home " +"directory." +msgstr "" +"如果只是想把字符串转为数字，请不要使用内置函数 :func:`eval`。 :func:`eval` " +"的速度慢很多且存在安全风险：别人可能会传入带有不良副作用的 Python 表达式。比如可能会传入 " +"``__import__('os').system(\"rm -rf $HOME\")`` ，这会把 home 目录给删了。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:889 +msgid "" +":func:`eval` also has the effect of interpreting numbers as Python " +"expressions, so that e.g. ``eval('09')`` gives a syntax error because Python" +" does not allow leading '0' in a decimal number (except '0')." +msgstr "" +":func:`eval` 还有把数字解析为 Python 表达式的后果，因此如 ``eval('09')`` 将会导致语法错误，因为 Python " +"不允许十进制数带有前导 '0'（'0' 除外）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:895 +msgid "How do I convert a number to a string?" +msgstr "如何将数字转换为字符串？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:897 +msgid "" +"To convert, e.g., the number ``144`` to the string ``'144'``, use the built-" +"in type constructor :func:`str`. If you want a hexadecimal or octal " +"representation, use the built-in functions :func:`hex` or :func:`oct`. For " +"fancy formatting, see the :ref:`f-strings` and :ref:`formatstrings` " +"sections, e.g. ``\"{:04d}\".format(144)`` yields ``'0144'`` and " +"``\"{:.3f}\".format(1.0/3.0)`` yields ``'0.333'``." +msgstr "" +"例如，要把数字 ``144`` 转换为字符串 ``'144'``，可使用内置类型构造器 :func:`str`。 " +"如果你需要十六进制或八进制表示形式，可使用内置函数 :func:`hex` 或 :func:`oct`。 更复杂的格式化方式，请参阅 " +":ref:`f-strings` 和 :ref:`formatstrings` 等章节，例如 ``\"{:04d}\".format(144)`` " +"将产生 ``'0144'`` 而 ``\"{:.3f}\".format(1.0/3.0)`` 将产生 ``'0.333'``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:906 +msgid "How do I modify a string in place?" +msgstr "如何修改字符串？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:908 +msgid "" +"You can't, because strings are immutable. In most situations, you should " +"simply construct a new string from the various parts you want to assemble it" +" from. However, if you need an object with the ability to modify in-place " +"unicode data, try using an :class:`io.StringIO` object or the :mod:`array` " +"module::" +msgstr "" +"无法修改，因为字符串是不可变对象。 在大多数情况下，只要将各个部分组合起来构造出一个新字符串即可。如果需要一个能原地修改 Unicode " +"数据的对象，可以试试 :class:`io.StringIO` 对象或 :mod:`array` 模块：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:914 +msgid "" +">>> import io\n" +">>> s = \"Hello, world\"\n" +">>> sio = io.StringIO(s)\n" +">>> sio.getvalue()\n" +"'Hello, world'\n" +">>> sio.seek(7)\n" +"7\n" +">>> sio.write(\"there!\")\n" +"6\n" +">>> sio.getvalue()\n" +"'Hello, there!'\n" +"\n" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('w', s)\n" +">>> print(a)\n" +"array('w', 'Hello, world')\n" +">>> a[0] = 'y'\n" +">>> print(a)\n" +"array('w', 'yello, world')\n" +">>> a.tounicode()\n" +"'yello, world'" +msgstr "" +">>> import io\n" +">>> s = \"Hello, world\"\n" +">>> sio = io.StringIO(s)\n" +">>> sio.getvalue()\n" +"'Hello, world'\n" +">>> sio.seek(7)\n" +"7\n" +">>> sio.write(\"there!\")\n" +"6\n" +">>> sio.getvalue()\n" +"'Hello, there!'\n" +"\n" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('w', s)\n" +">>> print(a)\n" +"array('w', 'Hello, world')\n" +">>> a[0] = 'y'\n" +">>> print(a)\n" +"array('w', 'yello, world')\n" +">>> a.tounicode()\n" +"'yello, world'" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:938 +msgid "How do I use strings to call functions/methods?" +msgstr "如何使用字符串调用函数/方法？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:940 +msgid "There are various techniques." +msgstr "有多种技巧可供选择。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:942 +msgid "" +"The best is to use a dictionary that maps strings to functions. The primary" +" advantage of this technique is that the strings do not need to match the " +"names of the functions. This is also the primary technique used to emulate " +"a case construct::" +msgstr "最好的做法是采用一个字典，将字符串映射为函数。其主要优势就是字符串不必与函数名一样。这也是用来模拟 case 结构的主要技巧：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:947 +msgid "" +"def a():\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def b():\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"dispatch = {'go': a, 'stop': b} # Note lack of parens for funcs\n" +"\n" +"dispatch[get_input()]() # Note trailing parens to call function" +msgstr "" +"def a():\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def b():\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"dispatch = {'go': a, 'stop': b} # 注意函数名后不带圆括号\n" +"\n" +"dispatch[get_input()]() # 注意末尾要带圆括号以调用函数" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:957 +msgid "Use the built-in function :func:`getattr`::" +msgstr "利用内置函数 :func:`getattr` ：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:959 +msgid "" +"import foo\n" +"getattr(foo, 'bar')()" +msgstr "" +"import foo\n" +"getattr(foo, 'bar')()" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:962 +msgid "" +"Note that :func:`getattr` works on any object, including classes, class " +"instances, modules, and so on." +msgstr "请注意 :func:`getattr` 可用于任何对象，包括类、类实例、模块等等。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:965 +msgid "This is used in several places in the standard library, like this::" +msgstr "标准库就多次使用了这个技巧，例如：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:967 +msgid "" +"class Foo:\n" +" def do_foo(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def do_bar(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"f = getattr(foo_instance, 'do_' + opname)\n" +"f()" +msgstr "" +"class Foo:\n" +" def do_foo(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def do_bar(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"f = getattr(foo_instance, 'do_' + opname)\n" +"f()" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:978 +msgid "Use :func:`locals` to resolve the function name::" +msgstr "用 :func:`locals` 解析出函数名：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:980 +msgid "" +"def myFunc():\n" +" print(\"hello\")\n" +"\n" +"fname = \"myFunc\"\n" +"\n" +"f = locals()[fname]\n" +"f()" +msgstr "" +"def myFunc():\n" +" print(\"hello\")\n" +"\n" +"fname = \"myFunc\"\n" +"\n" +"f = locals()[fname]\n" +"f()" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:990 +msgid "" +"Is there an equivalent to Perl's ``chomp()`` for removing trailing newlines " +"from strings?" +msgstr "是否有 Perl 的 ``chomp()`` 等价物用于从字符串中移除末尾换行符？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:992 +msgid "" +"You can use ``S.rstrip(\"\\r\\n\")`` to remove all occurrences of any line " +"terminator from the end of the string ``S`` without removing other trailing " +"whitespace. If the string ``S`` represents more than one line, with several" +" empty lines at the end, the line terminators for all the blank lines will " +"be removed::" +msgstr "" +"可以使用 ``S.rstrip(\"\\r\\n\")`` 从字符串 ``S`` 的末尾删除所有的换行符，而不删除其他尾随空格。如果字符串 ``S`` " +"表示多行，且末尾有几个空行，则将删除所有空行的换行符：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:998 +msgid "" +">>> lines = (\"line 1 \\r\\n\"\n" +"... \"\\r\\n\"\n" +"... \"\\r\\n\")\n" +">>> lines.rstrip(\"\\n\\r\")\n" +"'line 1 '" +msgstr "" +">>> lines = (\"line 1 \\r\\n\"\n" +"... \"\\r\\n\"\n" +"... \"\\r\\n\")\n" +">>> lines.rstrip(\"\\n\\r\")\n" +"'line 1 '" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"Since this is typically only desired when reading text one line at a time, " +"using ``S.rstrip()`` this way works well." +msgstr "由于通常只在一次读取一行文本时才需要这样做，所以使用 ``S.rstrip()`` 这种方式工作得很好。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1009 +msgid "Is there a ``scanf()`` or ``sscanf()`` equivalent?" +msgstr "是否有 ``scanf()`` 或 ``sscanf()`` 的等价物？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1011 +msgid "Not as such." +msgstr "没有。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1013 +msgid "" +"For simple input parsing, the easiest approach is usually to split the line " +"into whitespace-delimited words using the :meth:`~str.split` method of " +"string objects and then convert decimal strings to numeric values using " +":func:`int` or :func:`float`. :meth:`!split` supports an optional \"sep\" " +"parameter which is useful if the line uses something other than whitespace " +"as a separator." +msgstr "" +"对于简单的输入解析，最简单的方法通常是使用字符串对象的 :meth:`~str.split` 方法将行分割为空白符分隔的单词，然后使用 " +":func:`int` 或 :func:`float` 将十进制字符串转换为数字值 。 :meth:`!split` 支持可选的 \"sep\" 形参 " +"，如果行中使用空白符以外的其他分隔符，可以使用该参数。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"For more complicated input parsing, regular expressions are more powerful " +"than C's ``sscanf`` and better suited for the task." +msgstr "对于更复杂的输入解析，正则表达式相比 C 的 ``sscanf`` 更为强大也更为适合。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1024 +msgid "What does ``UnicodeDecodeError`` or ``UnicodeEncodeError`` error mean?" +msgstr "``UnicodeDecodeError`` 或 ``UnicodeEncodeError`` 错误的含义是什么？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1026 +msgid "See the :ref:`unicode-howto`." +msgstr "见 :ref:`unicode-howto`" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1032 +msgid "Can I end a raw string with an odd number of backslashes?" +msgstr "我能以奇数个反斜杠来结束一个原始字符串吗？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"A raw string ending with an odd number of backslashes will escape the " +"string's quote::" +msgstr "以奇数个反斜杠结尾的原始字符串将会转义用于标记字符串的引号::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1036 +msgid "" +">>> r'C:\\this\\will\\not\\work\\'\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" r'C:\\this\\will\\not\\work\\'\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: unterminated string literal (detected at line 1)" +msgstr "" +">>> r'C:\\this\\will\\not\\work\\'\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" r'C:\\this\\will\\not\\work\\'\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: unterminated string literal (detected at line 1)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"There are several workarounds for this. One is to use regular strings and " +"double the backslashes::" +msgstr "有几种绕过此问题的办法。 其中之一是使用常规字符串以及双反斜杠::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1045 +msgid "" +">>> 'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'\n" +"'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'\n" +"'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"Another is to concatenate a regular string containing an escaped backslash " +"to the raw string::" +msgstr "另一种办法是将一个包含被转义反斜杠的常规字符串拼接到原始字符串上::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1051 +msgid "" +">>> r'C:\\this\\will\\work' '\\\\'\n" +"'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'" +msgstr "" +">>> r'C:\\this\\will\\work' '\\\\'\n" +"'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1054 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to use :func:`os.path.join` to append a backslash on " +"Windows::" +msgstr "在 Windows 上还可以使用 :func:`os.path.join` 来添加反斜杠::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1056 +msgid "" +">>> os.path.join(r'C:\\this\\will\\work', '')\n" +"'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'" +msgstr "" +">>> os.path.join(r'C:\\this\\will\\work', '')\n" +"'C:\\\\this\\\\will\\\\work\\\\'" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"Note that while a backslash will \"escape\" a quote for the purposes of " +"determining where the raw string ends, no escaping occurs when interpreting " +"the value of the raw string. That is, the backslash remains present in the " +"value of the raw string::" +msgstr "" +"请注意虽然在确定原始字符串的结束位置时反斜杠会对引号进行“转义“，但在解析原始字符串的值时并不会发生转义。 " +"也就是说，反斜杠会被保留在原始字符串的值中::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1064 +msgid "" +">>> r'backslash\\'preserved'\n" +"\"backslash\\\\'preserved\"" +msgstr "" +">>> r'backslash\\'preserved'\n" +"\"backslash\\\\'preserved\"" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1067 +msgid "Also see the specification in the :ref:`language reference `." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`语言参考 ` 中的规范说明。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1070 +msgid "Performance" +msgstr "性能" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1073 +msgid "My program is too slow. How do I speed it up?" +msgstr "我的程序太慢了。该如何加快速度？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1075 +msgid "" +"That's a tough one, in general. First, here are a list of things to " +"remember before diving further:" +msgstr "总的来说，这是个棘手的问题。在进一步讨论之前，首先应该记住以下几件事：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"Performance characteristics vary across Python implementations. This FAQ " +"focuses on :term:`CPython`." +msgstr "不同的 Python 实现具有不同的性能特点。 本 FAQ 着重解答的是 :term:`CPython`。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"Behaviour can vary across operating systems, especially when talking about " +"I/O or multi-threading." +msgstr "不同操作系统可能会有不同表现，尤其是涉及 I/O 和多线程时。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"You should always find the hot spots in your program *before* attempting to " +"optimize any code (see the :mod:`profile` module)." +msgstr "在尝试优化代码 *之前* ，务必要先找出程序中的热点（请参阅 :mod:`profile` 模块）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"Writing benchmark scripts will allow you to iterate quickly when searching " +"for improvements (see the :mod:`timeit` module)." +msgstr "编写基准测试脚本，在寻求性能提升的过程中就能实现快速迭代（请参阅 :mod:`timeit` 模块）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"It is highly recommended to have good code coverage (through unit testing or" +" any other technique) before potentially introducing regressions hidden in " +"sophisticated optimizations." +msgstr "强烈建议首先要保证足够高的代码测试覆盖率（通过单元测试或其他技术），因为复杂的优化有可能会导致代码回退。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"That being said, there are many tricks to speed up Python code. Here are " +"some general principles which go a long way towards reaching acceptable " +"performance levels:" +msgstr "话虽如此，Python 代码的提速还是有很多技巧的。以下列出了一些普适性的原则，对于让性能达到可接受的水平会有很大帮助：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1094 +msgid "" +"Making your algorithms faster (or changing to faster ones) can yield much " +"larger benefits than trying to sprinkle micro-optimization tricks all over " +"your code." +msgstr "相较于试图对全部代码铺开做微观优化，优化算法（或换用更快的算法）可以产出更大的收益。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"Use the right data structures. Study documentation for the :ref:`bltin-" +"types` and the :mod:`collections` module." +msgstr "使用正确的数据结构。参考 :ref:`bltin-types` 和 :mod:`collections` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"When the standard library provides a primitive for doing something, it is " +"likely (although not guaranteed) to be faster than any alternative you may " +"come up with. This is doubly true for primitives written in C, such as " +"builtins and some extension types. For example, be sure to use either the " +":meth:`list.sort` built-in method or the related :func:`sorted` function to " +"do sorting (and see the :ref:`sortinghowto` for examples of moderately " +"advanced usage)." +msgstr "" +"如果标准库已为某些操作提供了基础函数，则可能（当然不能保证）比所有自编的函数都要快。对于用 C " +"语言编写的基础函数则更是如此，比如内置函数和一些扩展类型。例如，一定要用内置方法 :meth:`list.sort` 或 :func:`sorted` " +"函数进行排序（某些高级用法的示例请参阅 :ref:`sortinghowto` ）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"Abstractions tend to create indirections and force the interpreter to work " +"more. If the levels of indirection outweigh the amount of useful work done," +" your program will be slower. You should avoid excessive abstraction, " +"especially under the form of tiny functions or methods (which are also often" +" detrimental to readability)." +msgstr "" +"抽象往往会造成中间层，并会迫使解释器执行更多的操作。如果抽象出来的中间层级太多，工作量超过了要完成的有效任务，那么程序就会被拖慢。应该避免过度的抽象，而且往往也会对可读性产生不利影响，特别是当函数或方法比较小的时候。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"If you have reached the limit of what pure Python can allow, there are tools" +" to take you further away. For example, `Cython `_ can " +"compile a slightly modified version of Python code into a C extension, and " +"can be used on many different platforms. Cython can take advantage of " +"compilation (and optional type annotations) to make your code significantly " +"faster than when interpreted. If you are confident in your C programming " +"skills, you can also :ref:`write a C extension module ` " +"yourself." +msgstr "" +"如果你已经达到纯 Python 允许的限制，那么有一些工具可以让你走得更远。 例如，`Cython `_ " +"可以将稍加修改的 Python 代码版本编译为 C 扩展，并能在许多不同的平台上使用。 Cython " +"可以利用编译（和可选的类型标注）来让你的代码显著快于解释运行时的速度。 如果你对自己的 C 编程技能有信心，还可以自行 :ref:`编写 C 扩展模块 " +"`。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1125 +msgid "" +"The wiki page devoted to `performance tips " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"专门介绍 `性能提示 `_ " +"的wiki页面。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1131 +msgid "What is the most efficient way to concatenate many strings together?" +msgstr "将多个字符串连接在一起的最有效方法是什么？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1133 +msgid "" +":class:`str` and :class:`bytes` objects are immutable, therefore " +"concatenating many strings together is inefficient as each concatenation " +"creates a new object. In the general case, the total runtime cost is " +"quadratic in the total string length." +msgstr "" +":class:`str` 和 :class:`bytes` " +"对象是不可变的，因此连接多个字符串的效率会很低，因为每次连接都会创建一个新的对象。一般情况下，总耗时与字符串总长是二次方的关系。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1138 +msgid "" +"To accumulate many :class:`str` objects, the recommended idiom is to place " +"them into a list and call :meth:`str.join` at the end::" +msgstr "如果要连接多个 :class:`str` 对象，通常推荐的方案是先全部放入列表，最后再调用 :meth:`str.join` ：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1141 +msgid "" +"chunks = []\n" +"for s in my_strings:\n" +" chunks.append(s)\n" +"result = ''.join(chunks)" +msgstr "" +"chunks = []\n" +"for s in my_strings:\n" +" chunks.append(s)\n" +"result = ''.join(chunks)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1146 +msgid "(another reasonably efficient idiom is to use :class:`io.StringIO`)" +msgstr "（还有一种合理高效的习惯做法，就是利用 :class:`io.StringIO` ）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"To accumulate many :class:`bytes` objects, the recommended idiom is to " +"extend a :class:`bytearray` object using in-place concatenation (the ``+=`` " +"operator)::" +msgstr "" +"如果要连接多个 :class:`bytes` 对象，推荐做法是用 :class:`bytearray` 对象的原地连接操作（ ``+=`` " +"运算符）追加数据：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"result = bytearray()\n" +"for b in my_bytes_objects:\n" +" result += b" +msgstr "" +"result = bytearray()\n" +"for b in my_bytes_objects:\n" +" result += b" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1157 +msgid "Sequences (Tuples/Lists)" +msgstr "序列（元组/列表）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1160 +msgid "How do I convert between tuples and lists?" +msgstr "如何在元组和列表之间进行转换？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1162 +msgid "" +"The type constructor ``tuple(seq)`` converts any sequence (actually, any " +"iterable) into a tuple with the same items in the same order." +msgstr "类型构造器 ``tuple(seq)`` 可将任意序列（实际上是任意可迭代对象）转换为数据项和顺序均不变的元组。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"For example, ``tuple([1, 2, 3])`` yields ``(1, 2, 3)`` and ``tuple('abc')`` " +"yields ``('a', 'b', 'c')``. If the argument is a tuple, it does not make a " +"copy but returns the same object, so it is cheap to call :func:`tuple` when " +"you aren't sure that an object is already a tuple." +msgstr "" +"例如，``tuple([1, 2, 3])`` 会生成 ``(1, 2, 3)`` ， ``tuple('abc')`` 则会生成 ``('a', " +"'b', 'c')`` 。 如果参数就是元组，则不会创建副本而是返回同一对象，因此如果无法确定某个对象是否为元组时，直接调用 :func:`tuple`" +" 也没什么代价。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"The type constructor ``list(seq)`` converts any sequence or iterable into a " +"list with the same items in the same order. For example, ``list((1, 2, " +"3))`` yields ``[1, 2, 3]`` and ``list('abc')`` yields ``['a', 'b', 'c']``. " +"If the argument is a list, it makes a copy just like ``seq[:]`` would." +msgstr "" +"类型构造器 ``list(seq)`` 可将任意序列或可迭代对象转换为数据项和顺序均不变的列表。例如，``list((1, 2, 3))`` 会生成 " +"``[1, 2, 3]`` 而 ``list('abc')`` 则会生成 ``['a', 'b', 'c']``。如果参数即为列表，则会像 " +"``seq[:]`` 那样创建一个副本。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1177 +msgid "What's a negative index?" +msgstr "什么是负数索引？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1179 +msgid "" +"Python sequences are indexed with positive numbers and negative numbers. " +"For positive numbers 0 is the first index 1 is the second index and so " +"forth. For negative indices -1 is the last index and -2 is the penultimate " +"(next to last) index and so forth. Think of ``seq[-n]`` as the same as " +"``seq[len(seq)-n]``." +msgstr "" +"Python 序列的索引可以是正数或负数。索引为正数时，0 是第一个索引值， 1 为第二个，依此类推。索引为负数时，-1 为倒数第一个索引值，-2 " +"为倒数第二个，依此类推。可以认为 ``seq[-n]`` 就相当于 ``seq[len(seq)-n]``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"Using negative indices can be very convenient. For example ``S[:-1]`` is " +"all of the string except for its last character, which is useful for " +"removing the trailing newline from a string." +msgstr "使用负数序号有时会很方便。 例如 ``S[:-1]`` 就是原字符串去掉最后一个字符，这可以用来移除某个字符串末尾的换行符。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1190 +msgid "How do I iterate over a sequence in reverse order?" +msgstr "序列如何以逆序遍历？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1192 +msgid "Use the :func:`reversed` built-in function::" +msgstr "使用内置函数 :func:`reversed` ：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1194 +msgid "" +"for x in reversed(sequence):\n" +" ... # do something with x ..." +msgstr "" +"for x in reversed(sequence):\n" +" ... # 对 x 执行某些操作 ..." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"This won't touch your original sequence, but build a new copy with reversed " +"order to iterate over." +msgstr "原序列不会变化，而是构建一个逆序的新副本以供遍历。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1202 +msgid "How do you remove duplicates from a list?" +msgstr "如何从列表中删除重复项？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1204 +msgid "See the Python Cookbook for a long discussion of many ways to do this:" +msgstr "许多完成此操作的的详细介绍，可参阅 Python Cookbook：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1206 +msgid "https://code.activestate.com/recipes/52560/" +msgstr "https://code.activestate.com/recipes/52560/" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1208 +msgid "" +"If you don't mind reordering the list, sort it and then scan from the end of" +" the list, deleting duplicates as you go::" +msgstr "如果列表允许重新排序，不妨先对其排序，然后从列表末尾开始扫描，依次删除重复项：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1211 +msgid "" +"if mylist:\n" +" mylist.sort()\n" +" last = mylist[-1]\n" +" for i in range(len(mylist)-2, -1, -1):\n" +" if last == mylist[i]:\n" +" del mylist[i]\n" +" else:\n" +" last = mylist[i]" +msgstr "" +"if mylist:\n" +" mylist.sort()\n" +" last = mylist[-1]\n" +" for i in range(len(mylist)-2, -1, -1):\n" +" if last == mylist[i]:\n" +" del mylist[i]\n" +" else:\n" +" last = mylist[i]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1220 +msgid "" +"If all elements of the list may be used as set keys (i.e. they are all " +":term:`hashable`) this is often faster ::" +msgstr "如果列表的所有元素都能用作集合的键（即都是 :term:`hashable` ），以下做法速度往往更快：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1223 +msgid "mylist = list(set(mylist))" +msgstr "mylist = list(set(mylist))" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"This converts the list into a set, thereby removing duplicates, and then " +"back into a list." +msgstr "以上操作会将列表转换为集合，从而删除重复项，然后返回成列表。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1230 +msgid "How do you remove multiple items from a list" +msgstr "如何从列表中删除多个项？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"As with removing duplicates, explicitly iterating in reverse with a delete " +"condition is one possibility. However, it is easier and faster to use slice" +" replacement with an implicit or explicit forward iteration. Here are three " +"variations.::" +msgstr "" +"类似于删除重复项，一种做法是反向遍历并根据条件删除。不过更简单快速的做法就是切片替换操作，采用隐式或显式的正向迭代遍历。以下是三种变体写法：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"mylist[:] = filter(keep_function, mylist)\n" +"mylist[:] = (x for x in mylist if keep_condition)\n" +"mylist[:] = [x for x in mylist if keep_condition]" +msgstr "" +"mylist[:] = filter(keep_function, mylist)\n" +"mylist[:] = (x for x in mylist if keep_condition)\n" +"mylist[:] = [x for x in mylist if keep_condition]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1241 +msgid "The list comprehension may be fastest." +msgstr "列表推导式可能是最快的。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1245 +msgid "How do you make an array in Python?" +msgstr "如何在 Python 中创建数组？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1247 +msgid "Use a list::" +msgstr "用列表：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1249 +msgid "[\"this\", 1, \"is\", \"an\", \"array\"]" +msgstr "[\"this\", 1, \"is\", \"an\", \"array\"]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"Lists are equivalent to C or Pascal arrays in their time complexity; the " +"primary difference is that a Python list can contain objects of many " +"different types." +msgstr "列表在时间复杂度方面相当于 C 或 Pascal 的数组；主要区别在于，Python 列表可以包含多种不同类型的对象。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1254 +msgid "" +"The ``array`` module also provides methods for creating arrays of fixed " +"types with compact representations, but they are slower to index than lists." +" Also note that `NumPy `_ and other third party " +"packages define array-like structures with various characteristics as well." +msgstr "" +"``array`` 模块也提供了一些创建具有紧凑表示形式的固定类型数据的方法，但其索引速度要比列表慢。 还可关注 `NumPy " +"`_ 和其他一些第三方包也定义了一些各具特色的数组类结构体。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"To get Lisp-style linked lists, you can emulate *cons cells* using tuples::" +msgstr "要获得 Lisp 风格的列表，可以使用元组来模拟 *cons 单元*::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1262 +msgid "lisp_list = (\"like\", (\"this\", (\"example\", None) ) )" +msgstr "lisp_list = (\"like\", (\"this\", (\"example\", None) ) )" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1264 +msgid "" +"If mutability is desired, you could use lists instead of tuples. Here the " +"analogue of a Lisp *car* is ``lisp_list[0]`` and the analogue of *cdr* is " +"``lisp_list[1]``. Only do this if you're sure you really need to, because " +"it's usually a lot slower than using Python lists." +msgstr "" +"如果需要可变特性，你可以用列表来代替元组。 在这里模拟 Lisp *car* 的是 ``lisp_list[0]`` 而模拟 *cdr* 的是 " +"``lisp_list[1]``。 只有在你确定真有需要时才这样做，因为这通常会比使用 Python 列表要慢上许多。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1273 +msgid "How do I create a multidimensional list?" +msgstr "如何创建多维列表？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1275 +msgid "You probably tried to make a multidimensional array like this::" +msgstr "多维数组或许会用以下方式建立：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1277 +msgid ">>> A = [[None] * 2] * 3" +msgstr ">>> A = [[None] * 2] * 3" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1279 +msgid "This looks correct if you print it:" +msgstr "打印出来貌似没错：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1285 +msgid "" +">>> A\n" +"[[None, None], [None, None], [None, None]]" +msgstr "" +">>> A\n" +"[[None, None], [None, None], [None, None]]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1290 +msgid "But when you assign a value, it shows up in multiple places:" +msgstr "但如果给某一项赋值，结果会同时在多个位置体现出来：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1296 +msgid "" +">>> A[0][0] = 5\n" +">>> A\n" +"[[5, None], [5, None], [5, None]]" +msgstr "" +">>> A[0][0] = 5\n" +">>> A\n" +"[[5, None], [5, None], [5, None]]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"The reason is that replicating a list with ``*`` doesn't create copies, it " +"only creates references to the existing objects. The ``*3`` creates a list " +"containing 3 references to the same list of length two. Changes to one row " +"will show in all rows, which is almost certainly not what you want." +msgstr "" +"原因在于用 ``*`` 对列表执行重复操作并不会创建副本，而只是创建现有对象的引用。 ``*3`` 创建的是包含 3 " +"个引用的列表，每个引用指向的是同一个长度为 2 的列表。1 处改动会体现在所有地方，这一定不是应有的方案。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"The suggested approach is to create a list of the desired length first and " +"then fill in each element with a newly created list::" +msgstr "推荐做法是先创建一个所需长度的列表，然后将每个元素都填充为一个新建列表。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1310 +msgid "" +"A = [None] * 3\n" +"for i in range(3):\n" +" A[i] = [None] * 2" +msgstr "" +"A = [None] * 3\n" +"for i in range(3):\n" +" A[i] = [None] * 2" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"This generates a list containing 3 different lists of length two. You can " +"also use a list comprehension::" +msgstr "以上生成了一个包含 3 个列表的列表，每个子列表的长度为 2。也可以采用列表推导式：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"w, h = 2, 3\n" +"A = [[None] * w for i in range(h)]" +msgstr "" +"w, h = 2, 3\n" +"A = [[None] * w for i in range(h)]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1320 +msgid "" +"Or, you can use an extension that provides a matrix datatype; `NumPy " +"`_ is the best known." +msgstr "或者，你也可以使用提供矩阵数据类型的扩展；其中最著名的是 `NumPy `_。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1325 +msgid "How do I apply a method or function to a sequence of objects?" +msgstr "我如何将一个方法或函数应用于由对象组成的序列？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"To call a method or function and accumulate the return values is a list, a " +":term:`list comprehension` is an elegant solution::" +msgstr "要调用一个方法或函数并将返回值累积到一个列表中，:term:`list comprehension` 是一种优雅的解决方案::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"result = [obj.method() for obj in mylist]\n" +"\n" +"result = [function(obj) for obj in mylist]" +msgstr "" +"result = [obj.method() for obj in mylist]\n" +"\n" +"result = [function(obj) for obj in mylist]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"To just run the method or function without saving the return values, a plain" +" :keyword:`for` loop will suffice::" +msgstr "如果只需运行方法或函数而不保存返回值，那么一个简单的 :keyword:`for` 循环就足够了::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"for obj in mylist:\n" +" obj.method()\n" +"\n" +"for obj in mylist:\n" +" function(obj)" +msgstr "" +"for obj in mylist:\n" +" obj.method()\n" +"\n" +"for obj in mylist:\n" +" function(obj)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1346 +msgid "" +"Why does a_tuple[i] += ['item'] raise an exception when the addition works?" +msgstr "为什么 a_tuple[i] += ['item'] 会引发异常？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"This is because of a combination of the fact that augmented assignment " +"operators are *assignment* operators, and the difference between mutable and" +" immutable objects in Python." +msgstr "这是由两个因素共同导致的，一是增强赋值运算符属于 *赋值* 运算符，二是 Python 可变和不可变对象之间的差别。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"This discussion applies in general when augmented assignment operators are " +"applied to elements of a tuple that point to mutable objects, but we'll use " +"a ``list`` and ``+=`` as our exemplar." +msgstr "只要元组的元素指向可变对象，这时对元素进行增强赋值，那么这里介绍的内容都是适用的。在此只以 ``list`` 和 ``+=`` 举例。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1356 +msgid "If you wrote::" +msgstr "如果你写成这样::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1358 +msgid "" +">>> a_tuple = (1, 2)\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] += 1\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" +msgstr "" +">>> a_tuple = (1, 2)\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] += 1\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1364 +msgid "" +"The reason for the exception should be immediately clear: ``1`` is added to " +"the object ``a_tuple[0]`` points to (``1``), producing the result object, " +"``2``, but when we attempt to assign the result of the computation, ``2``, " +"to element ``0`` of the tuple, we get an error because we can't change what " +"an element of a tuple points to." +msgstr "" +"触发异常的原因显而易见： ``1`` 会与指向（``1``）的对象 ``a_tuple[0]`` 相加，生成结果对象 ``2``，但在试图将运算结果 " +"``2`` 赋值给元组的 ``0`` 号元素时就会报错，因为元组元素的指向无法更改。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"Under the covers, what this augmented assignment statement is doing is " +"approximately this::" +msgstr "其实在幕后，上述增强赋值语句的执行过程大致如下：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1373 +msgid "" +">>> result = a_tuple[0] + 1\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] = result\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" +msgstr "" +">>> result = a_tuple[0] + 1\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] = result\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"It is the assignment part of the operation that produces the error, since a " +"tuple is immutable." +msgstr "由于元组是不可变的，因此赋值这步会引发错误。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1382 +msgid "When you write something like::" +msgstr "如果写成以下这样：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1384 +msgid "" +">>> a_tuple = (['foo'], 'bar')\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] += ['item']\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" +msgstr "" +">>> a_tuple = (['foo'], 'bar')\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] += ['item']\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1390 +msgid "" +"The exception is a bit more surprising, and even more surprising is the fact" +" that even though there was an error, the append worked::" +msgstr "这时触发异常会令人略感惊讶，更让人吃惊的是虽有报错，但加法操作却生效了：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1393 +msgid "" +">>> a_tuple[0]\n" +"['foo', 'item']" +msgstr "" +">>> a_tuple[0]\n" +"['foo', 'item']" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1396 +msgid "" +"To see why this happens, you need to know that (a) if an object implements " +"an :meth:`~object.__iadd__` magic method, it gets called when the ``+=`` " +"augmented assignment is executed, and its return value is what gets used in " +"the assignment statement; and (b) for lists, :meth:`!__iadd__` is equivalent" +" to calling :meth:`!extend` on the list and returning the list. That's why " +"we say that for lists, ``+=`` is a \"shorthand\" for :meth:`!list.extend`::" +msgstr "" +"要明白为什么会这样，你需要知道 (a) 如果一个对象实现了 :meth:`~object.__iadd__` 魔术方法，那么它就会在执行 ``+=`` " +"增强赋值时被调用，并且其返回值将在赋值语句中被使用；(b) 对于列表而言，:meth:`!__iadd__` 等价于在列表上调用 " +":meth:`!extend` 并返回该列表。 所以对于列表我们可以这样说，``+=`` 就是 :meth:`!list.extend` " +"的“快捷方式”::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1404 +msgid "" +">>> a_list = []\n" +">>> a_list += [1]\n" +">>> a_list\n" +"[1]" +msgstr "" +">>> a_list = []\n" +">>> a_list += [1]\n" +">>> a_list\n" +"[1]" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1409 +msgid "This is equivalent to::" +msgstr "这相当于：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1411 +msgid "" +">>> result = a_list.__iadd__([1])\n" +">>> a_list = result" +msgstr "" +">>> result = a_list.__iadd__([1])\n" +">>> a_list = result" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1414 +msgid "" +"The object pointed to by a_list has been mutated, and the pointer to the " +"mutated object is assigned back to ``a_list``. The end result of the " +"assignment is a no-op, since it is a pointer to the same object that " +"``a_list`` was previously pointing to, but the assignment still happens." +msgstr "" +"a_list 所引用的对象已被修改，而引用被修改对象的指针又重新被赋值给 ``a_list``。 赋值的最终结果没有变化，因为它是引用 " +"``a_list`` 之前所引用的同一对象的指针，但仍然发生了赋值操作。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1419 +msgid "Thus, in our tuple example what is happening is equivalent to::" +msgstr "因此，在此元组示例中，发生的事情等同于：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1421 +msgid "" +">>> result = a_tuple[0].__iadd__(['item'])\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] = result\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" +msgstr "" +">>> result = a_tuple[0].__iadd__(['item'])\n" +">>> a_tuple[0] = result\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1427 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!__iadd__` succeeds, and thus the list is extended, but even " +"though ``result`` points to the same object that ``a_tuple[0]`` already " +"points to, that final assignment still results in an error, because tuples " +"are immutable." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!__iadd__` 执行成功，因此列表得到了扩充，但是即使 ``result`` 是指向 ``a_tuple[0]`` " +"所指向的同一个对象，最后的赋值仍然会导致错误，因为元组是不可变的。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1433 +msgid "" +"I want to do a complicated sort: can you do a Schwartzian Transform in " +"Python?" +msgstr "我想做一个复杂的排序：能用 Python 进行施瓦茨变换吗？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"The technique, attributed to Randal Schwartz of the Perl community, sorts " +"the elements of a list by a metric which maps each element to its \"sort " +"value\". In Python, use the ``key`` argument for the :meth:`list.sort` " +"method::" +msgstr "" +"归功于 Perl 社区的 Randal Schwartz，该技术根据度量值对列表进行排序，该度量值将每个元素映射为“顺序值”。在 Python " +"中，请利用 :meth:`list.sort` 方法的 ``key`` 参数：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1439 +msgid "" +"Isorted = L[:]\n" +"Isorted.sort(key=lambda s: int(s[10:15]))" +msgstr "" +"Isorted = L[:]\n" +"Isorted.sort(key=lambda s: int(s[10:15]))" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1444 +msgid "How can I sort one list by values from another list?" +msgstr "如何根据另一个列表的值对某列表进行排序？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1446 +msgid "" +"Merge them into an iterator of tuples, sort the resulting list, and then " +"pick out the element you want. ::" +msgstr "将它们合并到元组的迭代器中，对结果列表进行排序，然后选择所需的元素。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1449 +msgid "" +">>> list1 = [\"what\", \"I'm\", \"sorting\", \"by\"]\n" +">>> list2 = [\"something\", \"else\", \"to\", \"sort\"]\n" +">>> pairs = zip(list1, list2)\n" +">>> pairs = sorted(pairs)\n" +">>> pairs\n" +"[(\"I'm\", 'else'), ('by', 'sort'), ('sorting', 'to'), ('what', 'something')]\n" +">>> result = [x[1] for x in pairs]\n" +">>> result\n" +"['else', 'sort', 'to', 'something']" +msgstr "" +">>> list1 = [\"what\", \"I'm\", \"sorting\", \"by\"]\n" +">>> list2 = [\"something\", \"else\", \"to\", \"sort\"]\n" +">>> pairs = zip(list1, list2)\n" +">>> pairs = sorted(pairs)\n" +">>> pairs\n" +"[(\"I'm\", 'else'), ('by', 'sort'), ('sorting', 'to'), ('what', 'something')]\n" +">>> result = [x[1] for x in pairs]\n" +">>> result\n" +"['else', 'sort', 'to', 'something']" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1461 +msgid "Objects" +msgstr "对象" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1464 +msgid "What is a class?" +msgstr "什么是类？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1466 +msgid "" +"A class is the particular object type created by executing a class " +"statement. Class objects are used as templates to create instance objects, " +"which embody both the data (attributes) and code (methods) specific to a " +"datatype." +msgstr "" +"类是通过执行 class 语句创建的某种对象的类型。创建实例对象时，用 Class " +"对象作为模板，实例对象既包含了数据（属性），又包含了数据类型特有的代码（方法）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1470 +msgid "" +"A class can be based on one or more other classes, called its base " +"class(es). It then inherits the attributes and methods of its base classes. " +"This allows an object model to be successively refined by inheritance. You " +"might have a generic ``Mailbox`` class that provides basic accessor methods " +"for a mailbox, and subclasses such as ``MboxMailbox``, ``MaildirMailbox``, " +"``OutlookMailbox`` that handle various specific mailbox formats." +msgstr "" +"类可以基于一个或多个其他类（称之为基类）进行创建。基类的属性和方法都得以继承。这样对象模型就可以通过继承不断地进行细化。比如通用的 " +"``Mailbox`` 类提供了邮箱的基本访问方法.，它的子类 ``MboxMailbox``、 ``MaildirMailbox``、 " +"``OutlookMailbox`` 则能够处理各种特定的邮箱格式。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1479 +msgid "What is a method?" +msgstr "什么是方法？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"A method is a function on some object ``x`` that you normally call as " +"``x.name(arguments...)``. Methods are defined as functions inside the class" +" definition::" +msgstr "" +"方法是属于对象的函数，对于对象 ``x`` ，通常以 ``x.name(arguments...)`` " +"的形式调用。方法以函数的形式给出定义，位于类的定义内：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1485 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def meth(self, arg):\n" +" return arg * 2 + self.attribute" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" def meth(self, arg):\n" +" return arg * 2 + self.attribute" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1491 +msgid "What is self?" +msgstr "什么是 self ？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1493 +msgid "" +"Self is merely a conventional name for the first argument of a method. A " +"method defined as ``meth(self, a, b, c)`` should be called as ``x.meth(a, b," +" c)`` for some instance ``x`` of the class in which the definition occurs; " +"the called method will think it is called as ``meth(x, a, b, c)``." +msgstr "" +"Self 只是方法的第一个参数的习惯性名称。假定某个类中有个方法定义为 ``meth(self, a, b, c)`` ，则其实例 ``x`` 应以 " +"``x.meth(a, b, c)`` 的形式进行调用；而被调用的方法则应视其为做了 ``meth(x, a, b, c)`` 形式的调用。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1498 +msgid "See also :ref:`why-self`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`why-self` 。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"How do I check if an object is an instance of a given class or of a subclass" +" of it?" +msgstr "如何检查对象是否为给定类或其子类的一个实例？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"Use the built-in function :func:`isinstance(obj, cls) `. You " +"can check if an object is an instance of any of a number of classes by " +"providing a tuple instead of a single class, e.g. ``isinstance(obj, (class1," +" class2, ...))``, and can also check whether an object is one of Python's " +"built-in types, e.g. ``isinstance(obj, str)`` or ``isinstance(obj, (int, " +"float, complex))``." +msgstr "" +"使用内置函数 :func:`isinstance(obj, cls) `。 " +"你可以检测对象是否属于多个类中的某一个的实例，只要提供一个元组而非单个类即可，如 ``isinstance(obj, (class1, class2, " +"...))``，还可以检测对象是否属于 Python 的某个内置类型，如 ``isinstance(obj, str)`` 或 " +"``isinstance(obj, (int, float, complex))``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1511 +msgid "" +"Note that :func:`isinstance` also checks for virtual inheritance from an " +":term:`abstract base class`. So, the test will return ``True`` for a " +"registered class even if hasn't directly or indirectly inherited from it. " +"To test for \"true inheritance\", scan the :term:`MRO` of the class:" +msgstr "" +"请注意 :func:`isinstance` 还会检测派生自 :term:`abstract base class` 的虚继承。 " +"因此对于已注册的类，即便没有直接或间接继承自抽象基类，对抽象基类的检测都将返回 ``True`` 。要想检测“真正的继承”，请扫描类的 " +":term:`MRO`:" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +"\n" +"class P:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class C(P):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"Mapping.register(P)" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +"\n" +"class P:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class C(P):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"Mapping.register(P)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1528 +msgid "" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> isinstance(c, C) # direct\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(c, P) # indirect\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(c, Mapping) # virtual\n" +"True\n" +"\n" +"# Actual inheritance chain\n" +">>> type(c).__mro__\n" +"(, , )\n" +"\n" +"# Test for \"true inheritance\"\n" +">>> Mapping in type(c).__mro__\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> isinstance(c, C) # 直接\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(c, P) # 间接\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(c, Mapping) # 虚拟\n" +"True\n" +"\n" +"# 实际的继承链\n" +">>> type(c).__mro__\n" +"(, , )\n" +"\n" +"# 测试“真正的继承”\n" +">>> Mapping in type(c).__mro__\n" +"False" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"Note that most programs do not use :func:`isinstance` on user-defined " +"classes very often. If you are developing the classes yourself, a more " +"proper object-oriented style is to define methods on the classes that " +"encapsulate a particular behaviour, instead of checking the object's class " +"and doing a different thing based on what class it is. For example, if you " +"have a function that does something::" +msgstr "" +"请注意，大多数程序不会经常用 :func:`isinstance` 对用户自定义类进行检测。 " +"如果是自已开发的类，更合适的面向对象编程风格应该是在类中定义多种方法，以封装特定的行为，而不是检查对象属于什么类再据此干不同的事。假定有如下执行某些操作的函数::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"def search(obj):\n" +" if isinstance(obj, Mailbox):\n" +" ... # code to search a mailbox\n" +" elif isinstance(obj, Document):\n" +" ... # code to search a document\n" +" elif ..." +msgstr "" +"def search(obj):\n" +" if isinstance(obj, Mailbox):\n" +" ... # 搜索邮箱的代码\n" +" elif isinstance(obj, Document):\n" +" ... # 搜索文档的代码\n" +" elif ..." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"A better approach is to define a ``search()`` method on all the classes and " +"just call it::" +msgstr "更好的方法是在所有类上定义一个 ``search()`` 方法，然后调用它：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"class Mailbox:\n" +" def search(self):\n" +" ... # code to search a mailbox\n" +"\n" +"class Document:\n" +" def search(self):\n" +" ... # code to search a document\n" +"\n" +"obj.search()" +msgstr "" +"class Mailbox:\n" +" def search(self):\n" +" ... # 搜索邮箱的代码\n" +"\n" +"class Document:\n" +" def search(self):\n" +" ... # 搜索文档的代码\n" +"\n" +"obj.search()" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1575 +msgid "What is delegation?" +msgstr "什么是委托？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1577 +msgid "" +"Delegation is an object oriented technique (also called a design pattern). " +"Let's say you have an object ``x`` and want to change the behaviour of just " +"one of its methods. You can create a new class that provides a new " +"implementation of the method you're interested in changing and delegates all" +" other methods to the corresponding method of ``x``." +msgstr "" +"委托是一种面向对象的技术（也称为设计模式）。假设对象 ``x`` " +"已经存在，现在想要改变其某个方法的行为。可以创建一个新类，其中提供了所需修改方法的新实现，而将所有其他方法都委托给 ``x`` 的对应方法。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"Python programmers can easily implement delegation. For example, the " +"following class implements a class that behaves like a file but converts all" +" written data to uppercase::" +msgstr "Python 程序员可以轻松实现委托。比如以下实现了一个类似于文件的类，只是会把所有写入的数据转换为大写：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1587 +msgid "" +"class UpperOut:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, outfile):\n" +" self._outfile = outfile\n" +"\n" +" def write(self, s):\n" +" self._outfile.write(s.upper())\n" +"\n" +" def __getattr__(self, name):\n" +" return getattr(self._outfile, name)" +msgstr "" +"class UpperOut:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, outfile):\n" +" self._outfile = outfile\n" +"\n" +" def write(self, s):\n" +" self._outfile.write(s.upper())\n" +"\n" +" def __getattr__(self, name):\n" +" return getattr(self._outfile, name)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"Here the ``UpperOut`` class redefines the ``write()`` method to convert the " +"argument string to uppercase before calling the underlying " +"``self._outfile.write()`` method. All other methods are delegated to the " +"underlying ``self._outfile`` object. The delegation is accomplished via the" +" :meth:`~object.__getattr__` method; consult :ref:`the language reference " +"` for more information about controlling attribute access." +msgstr "" +"这里 ``UpperOut`` 类重新定义了 ``write()`` 方法，在调用下层的 ``self._outfile.write()`` " +"方法之前将参数字符串转换为大写形式。 所有其他方法都被委托给下层的 ``self._outfile`` 对象。 委托是通过 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 方法完成的；请参阅 :ref:`语言参考 ` " +"了解有关控制属性访问的更多信息。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"Note that for more general cases delegation can get trickier. When " +"attributes must be set as well as retrieved, the class must define a " +":meth:`~object.__setattr__` method too, and it must do so carefully. The " +"basic implementation of :meth:`!__setattr__` is roughly equivalent to the " +"following::" +msgstr "" +"请注意在更一般的情况下委托可能会变得比较棘手。 当属性即需要被设置又需要被提取时，类还必须定义 :meth:`~object.__setattr__` " +"方法，而这样做必须十分小心。 :meth:`!__setattr__` 的基本实现大致如下所示::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1610 +msgid "" +"class X:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __setattr__(self, name, value):\n" +" self.__dict__[name] = value\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class X:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __setattr__(self, name, value):\n" +" self.__dict__[name] = value\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1616 +msgid "" +"Many :meth:`~object.__setattr__` implementations call " +":meth:`!object.__setattr__` to set an attribute on self without causing " +"infinite recursion::" +msgstr "" +"许多 :meth:`~object.__setattr__` 实现都会调用 :meth:`!object.__setattr__` 在 self " +"上设置属性 ，而不会导致无限递归::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1619 +msgid "" +"class X:\n" +" def __setattr__(self, name, value):\n" +" # Custom logic here...\n" +" object.__setattr__(self, name, value)" +msgstr "" +"class X:\n" +" def __setattr__(self, name, value):\n" +" # 这里添加自定义的逻辑...\n" +" object.__setattr__(self, name, value)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1624 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, it is possible to set attributes by inserting entries into " +":attr:`self.__dict__ ` directly." +msgstr "另外，也可以通过直接在 :attr:`self.__dict__` 中插入条目来设置属性 。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1629 +msgid "" +"How do I call a method defined in a base class from a derived class that " +"extends it?" +msgstr "如何在扩展基类的派生类中调用基类中定义的方法？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1631 +msgid "Use the built-in :func:`super` function::" +msgstr "使用内置的 :func:`super` 函数：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1633 +msgid "" +"class Derived(Base):\n" +" def meth(self):\n" +" super().meth() # calls Base.meth" +msgstr "" +"class Derived(Base):\n" +" def meth(self):\n" +" super().meth() # 调用 Base.meth" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1637 +msgid "" +"In the example, :func:`super` will automatically determine the instance from" +" which it was called (the ``self`` value), look up the :term:`method " +"resolution order` (MRO) with ``type(self).__mro__``, and return the next in " +"line after ``Derived`` in the MRO: ``Base``." +msgstr "" +"在下面的例子中，:func:`super` 将自动根据它的调用方 (``self`` 值) 来确定实例对象，使用 " +"``type(self).__mro__`` 查找 :term:`method resolution order` (MRO)，并返回 MRO 中位于 " +"``Derived`` 之后的项: ``Base``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1644 +msgid "How can I organize my code to make it easier to change the base class?" +msgstr "如何让代码更容易对基类进行修改？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"You could assign the base class to an alias and derive from the alias. Then" +" all you have to change is the value assigned to the alias. Incidentally, " +"this trick is also handy if you want to decide dynamically (e.g. depending " +"on availability of resources) which base class to use. Example::" +msgstr "" +"可以为基类赋一个别名并基于该别名进行派生。这样只要修改赋给该别名的值即可。顺便提一下，如要动态地确定（例如根据可用的资源）该使用哪个基类，这个技巧也非常方便。例如：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1651 +msgid "" +"class Base:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"BaseAlias = Base\n" +"\n" +"class Derived(BaseAlias):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class Base:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"BaseAlias = Base\n" +"\n" +"class Derived(BaseAlias):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1661 +msgid "How do I create static class data and static class methods?" +msgstr "如何创建静态类数据和静态类方法？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1663 +msgid "" +"Both static data and static methods (in the sense of C++ or Java) are " +"supported in Python." +msgstr "Python 支持静态数据和静态方法（以 C++ 或 Java 的定义而言）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1666 +msgid "" +"For static data, simply define a class attribute. To assign a new value to " +"the attribute, you have to explicitly use the class name in the assignment::" +msgstr "静态数据只需定义一个类属性即可。若要为属性赋新值，则必须在赋值时显式使用类名：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1669 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" count = 0 # number of times C.__init__ called\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" C.count = C.count + 1\n" +"\n" +" def getcount(self):\n" +" return C.count # or return self.count" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" count = 0 # C.__init__ 被调用的次数\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" C.count = C.count + 1\n" +"\n" +" def getcount(self):\n" +" return C.count # 或返回 self.count" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1678 +msgid "" +"``c.count`` also refers to ``C.count`` for any ``c`` such that " +"``isinstance(c, C)`` holds, unless overridden by ``c`` itself or by some " +"class on the base-class search path from ``c.__class__`` back to ``C``." +msgstr "" +"对于所有符合 ``isinstance(c, C)`` 的 ``c``， ``c.count`` 也同样指向 ``C.count`` ，除非被 " +"``c`` 自身或者被从 ``c.__class__`` 回溯到基类 ``C`` 的搜索路径上的某个类所覆盖。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1682 +msgid "" +"Caution: within a method of C, an assignment like ``self.count = 42`` " +"creates a new and unrelated instance named \"count\" in ``self``'s own dict." +" Rebinding of a class-static data name must always specify the class " +"whether inside a method or not::" +msgstr "" +"注意：在 C 的某个方法内部，像 ``self.count = 42`` 这样的赋值将在 ``self`` 自身的字典中新建一个名为 \"count\"" +" 的不相关实例。 想要重新绑定类静态数据名称就必须总是指明类名，无论是在方法内部还是外部::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1687 +msgid "C.count = 314" +msgstr "C.count = 314" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1689 +msgid "Static methods are possible::" +msgstr "Python 支持静态方法：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1691 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def static(arg1, arg2, arg3):\n" +" # No 'self' parameter!\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def static(arg1, arg2, arg3):\n" +" # 没有 'self' 形参！\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1697 +msgid "" +"However, a far more straightforward way to get the effect of a static method" +" is via a simple module-level function::" +msgstr "不过为了获得静态方法的效果，还有一种做法直接得多，也即使用模块级函数即可：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1700 +msgid "" +"def getcount():\n" +" return C.count" +msgstr "" +"def getcount():\n" +" return C.count" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1703 +msgid "" +"If your code is structured so as to define one class (or tightly related " +"class hierarchy) per module, this supplies the desired encapsulation." +msgstr "如果代码的结构化比较充分，每个模块只定义了一个类（或者多个类的层次关系密切相关），那就具备了应有的封装。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1708 +msgid "How can I overload constructors (or methods) in Python?" +msgstr "在 Python 中如何重载构造函数（或方法）？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1710 +msgid "" +"This answer actually applies to all methods, but the question usually comes " +"up first in the context of constructors." +msgstr "这个答案实际上适用于所有方法，但问题通常首先出现于构造函数的应用场景中。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1713 +msgid "In C++ you'd write" +msgstr "在 C++ 中，代码会如下所示：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1715 +msgid "" +"class C {\n" +" C() { cout << \"No arguments\\n\"; }\n" +" C(int i) { cout << \"Argument is \" << i << \"\\n\"; }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"class C {\n" +" C() { cout << \"No arguments\\n\"; }\n" +" C(int i) { cout << \"Argument is \" << i << \"\\n\"; }\n" +"}" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"In Python you have to write a single constructor that catches all cases " +"using default arguments. For example::" +msgstr "在 Python 中，只能编写一个构造函数，并用默认参数捕获所有情况。例如：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def __init__(self, i=None):\n" +" if i is None:\n" +" print(\"No arguments\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"Argument is\", i)" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" def __init__(self, i=None):\n" +" if i is None:\n" +" print(\"No arguments\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"Argument is\", i)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1732 +msgid "This is not entirely equivalent, but close enough in practice." +msgstr "这不完全等同，但在实践中足够接近。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1734 +msgid "You could also try a variable-length argument list, e.g. ::" +msgstr "也可以试试采用变长参数列表，例如：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1736 +msgid "" +"def __init__(self, *args):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def __init__(self, *args):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1739 +msgid "The same approach works for all method definitions." +msgstr "上述做法同样适用于所有方法定义。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1743 +msgid "I try to use __spam and I get an error about _SomeClassName__spam." +msgstr "在用 __spam 的时候得到一个类似 _SomeClassName__spam 的错误信息。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"Variable names with double leading underscores are \"mangled\" to provide a " +"simple but effective way to define class private variables. Any identifier " +"of the form ``__spam`` (at least two leading underscores, at most one " +"trailing underscore) is textually replaced with ``_classname__spam``, where " +"``classname`` is the current class name with any leading underscores " +"stripped." +msgstr "" +"以双下划线打头的变量名会被“破坏”，以便以一种简单高效的方式定义类私有变量。任何形式为 ``__spam`` " +"的标识符（至少前缀两个下划线，至多后缀一个下划线）文本均会被替换为 ``_classname__spam``，其中 ``classname`` " +"为去除了全部前缀下划线的当前类名称。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1751 +msgid "" +"The identifier can be used unchanged within the class, but to access it " +"outside the class, the mangled name must be used:" +msgstr "标识符可以在类的内部不加改变地使用，但要在类的外部访问它，就必须使用被混淆的名称：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1754 +msgid "" +"class A:\n" +" def __one(self):\n" +" return 1\n" +" def two(self):\n" +" return 2 * self.__one()\n" +"\n" +"class B(A):\n" +" def three(self):\n" +" return 3 * self._A__one()\n" +"\n" +"four = 4 * A()._A__one()" +msgstr "" +"class A:\n" +" def __one(self):\n" +" return 1\n" +" def two(self):\n" +" return 2 * self.__one()\n" +"\n" +"class B(A):\n" +" def three(self):\n" +" return 3 * self._A__one()\n" +"\n" +"four = 4 * A()._A__one()" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1768 +msgid "" +"In particular, this does not guarantee privacy since an outside user can " +"still deliberately access the private attribute; many Python programmers " +"never bother to use private variable names at all." +msgstr "需要特别指出，这并不能保证私密性因为外部用户仍然可以有意地访问私有属性；许多 Python 程序员根本就不屑于使用私有变量名。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1774 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`private name mangling specifications ` for " +"details and special cases." +msgstr ":ref:`私有名称调整规范说明 ` 了解相关详情和特例。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1778 +msgid "" +"My class defines __del__ but it is not called when I delete the object." +msgstr "类定义了 __del__ 方法，但是删除对象时没有调用它。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1780 +msgid "There are several possible reasons for this." +msgstr "这有几个可能的原因。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1782 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`del` statement does not necessarily call " +":meth:`~object.__del__` -- it simply decrements the object's reference " +"count, and if this reaches zero :meth:`!__del__` is called." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`del` 语句不一定要调用 :meth:`~object.__del__` -- 它只是减少对象的引用计数，如果计数达到零才会调用 " +":meth:`!__del__`。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1786 +msgid "" +"If your data structures contain circular links (e.g. a tree where each child" +" has a parent reference and each parent has a list of children) the " +"reference counts will never go back to zero. Once in a while Python runs an" +" algorithm to detect such cycles, but the garbage collector might run some " +"time after the last reference to your data structure vanishes, so your " +":meth:`!__del__` method may be called at an inconvenient and random time. " +"This is inconvenient if you're trying to reproduce a problem. Worse, the " +"order in which object's :meth:`!__del__` methods are executed is arbitrary." +" You can run :func:`gc.collect` to force a collection, but there *are* " +"pathological cases where objects will never be collected." +msgstr "" +"如果你的数据结构包含循环链接（如树每个子节点都带有父节点的引用，而每个父节点也带有子节点的列表），引用计数永远不会回零。 尽管 Python " +"偶尔会用某种算法检测这种循环引用，但在数据结构的最后一条引用消失之后，垃圾收集器可能还要过段时间才会运行，因此 :meth:`!__del__` " +"方法可能会在不方便或随机的时刻被调用。 这对于重现一个问题是非常不方便的。 更糟糕的是，各个对象的 :meth:`!__del__` " +"方法是以随机顺序执行的。 虽然你可以运行 :func:`gc.collect` 来强制执行垃圾回收操作，但 *仍会存在* " +"一些对象永远不会被回收的失控情况。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1797 +msgid "" +"Despite the cycle collector, it's still a good idea to define an explicit " +"``close()`` method on objects to be called whenever you're done with them. " +"The ``close()`` method can then remove attributes that refer to subobjects." +" Don't call :meth:`!__del__` directly -- :meth:`!__del__` should call " +"``close()`` and ``close()`` should make sure that it can be called more than" +" once for the same object." +msgstr "" +"尽管有垃圾回收器，但当对象使用完毕时在要调用的对象上定义显式的 ``close()`` 方法仍然是个好主意。 ``close()`` " +"方法可以随后移除引用子对象的属性。 请不要直接调用 :meth:`!__del__` -- :meth:`!__del__` 应当调用 " +"``close()`` 并且 ``close()`` 应当确保被可以被同一对象多次调用。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1804 +msgid "" +"Another way to avoid cyclical references is to use the :mod:`weakref` " +"module, which allows you to point to objects without incrementing their " +"reference count. Tree data structures, for instance, should use weak " +"references for their parent and sibling references (if they need them!)." +msgstr "" +"另一种避免循环引用的做法是利用 :mod:`weakref` " +"模块，该模块允许指向对象但不增加其引用计数。例如，树状数据结构应该对父节点和同级节点使用弱引用（如果真要用的话！）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1817 +msgid "" +"Finally, if your :meth:`!__del__` method raises an exception, a warning " +"message is printed to :data:`sys.stderr`." +msgstr "最后，如果你的 :meth:`!__del__` 方法引发了异常，会将警告消息打印到 :data:`sys.stderr`。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1822 +msgid "How do I get a list of all instances of a given class?" +msgstr "如何获取给定类的所有实例的列表？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"Python does not keep track of all instances of a class (or of a built-in " +"type). You can program the class's constructor to keep track of all " +"instances by keeping a list of weak references to each instance." +msgstr "Python 不会记录类（或内置类型）的实例。可以在类的构造函数中编写代码，通过保留每个实例的弱引用列表来跟踪所有实例。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1830 +msgid "Why does the result of ``id()`` appear to be not unique?" +msgstr "为什么 ``id()`` 的结果看起来不是唯一的？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1832 +msgid "" +"The :func:`id` builtin returns an integer that is guaranteed to be unique " +"during the lifetime of the object. Since in CPython, this is the object's " +"memory address, it happens frequently that after an object is deleted from " +"memory, the next freshly created object is allocated at the same position in" +" memory. This is illustrated by this example:" +msgstr "" +":func:`id` 返回一个整数，该整数在对象的生命周期内保证是唯一的。 因为在 CPython " +"中，这是对象的内存地址，所以经常发生在从内存中删除对象之后，下一个新创建的对象被分配在内存中的相同位置。 这个例子说明了这一点：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1843 +msgid "" +"The two ids belong to different integer objects that are created before, and" +" deleted immediately after execution of the ``id()`` call. To be sure that " +"objects whose id you want to examine are still alive, create another " +"reference to the object:" +msgstr "" +"这两个 id 属于不同的整数对象，之前先创建了对象，执行 ``id()`` 调用后又立即被删除了。若要确保检测 id " +"时的对象仍处于活动状态，请再创建一个对该对象的引用：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1856 +msgid "When can I rely on identity tests with the *is* operator?" +msgstr "什么情况下可以依靠 *is* 运算符进行对象的身份相等性测试？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"The ``is`` operator tests for object identity. The test ``a is b`` is " +"equivalent to ``id(a) == id(b)``." +msgstr "``is`` 运算符可用于测试对象的身份相等性。``a is b`` 等价于 ``id(a) == id(b)``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1861 +msgid "" +"The most important property of an identity test is that an object is always " +"identical to itself, ``a is a`` always returns ``True``. Identity tests are" +" usually faster than equality tests. And unlike equality tests, identity " +"tests are guaranteed to return a boolean ``True`` or ``False``." +msgstr "" +"身份相等性最重要的特性就是对象总是等同于自身，``a is a`` 一定返回 " +"``True``。身份相等性测试的速度通常比相等性测试要快。而且与相等性测试不一样，身份相等性测试会确保返回布尔值 ``True`` 或 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1866 +msgid "" +"However, identity tests can *only* be substituted for equality tests when " +"object identity is assured. Generally, there are three circumstances where " +"identity is guaranteed:" +msgstr "但是，身份相等性测试 *只能* 在对象身份确定的场景下才可替代相等性测试。一般来说，有以下3种情况对象身份是可以确定的：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"Assignments create new names but do not change object identity. After the " +"assignment ``new = old``, it is guaranteed that ``new is old``." +msgstr "赋值操作将创建新的名称但不会改变对象标识号。 在赋值操作 ``new = old`` 之后，可以保证 ``new is old``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1873 +msgid "" +"Putting an object in a container that stores object references does not " +"change object identity. After the list assignment ``s[0] = x``, it is " +"guaranteed that ``s[0] is x``." +msgstr "将对象放入存储对象引用的容器不会改变对象的标识号。 在列表赋值操作 ``s[0] = x`` 之后，将可保证 ``s[0] is x``。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1877 +msgid "" +"If an object is a singleton, it means that only one instance of that object " +"can exist. After the assignments ``a = None`` and ``b = None``, it is " +"guaranteed that ``a is b`` because ``None`` is a singleton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1881 +msgid "" +"In most other circumstances, identity tests are inadvisable and equality " +"tests are preferred. In particular, identity tests should not be used to " +"check constants such as :class:`int` and :class:`str` which aren't " +"guaranteed to be singletons::" +msgstr "" +"其他大多数情况下，都不建议使用身份相等性测试，而应采用相等性测试。尤其是不应将身份相等性测试用于检测常量值，例如 :class:`int` 和 " +":class:`str`，因为他们并不一定是单例对象：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1886 +msgid "" +">>> a = 1000\n" +">>> b = 500\n" +">>> c = b + 500\n" +">>> a is c\n" +"False\n" +"\n" +">>> a = 'Python'\n" +">>> b = 'Py'\n" +">>> c = b + 'thon'\n" +">>> a is c\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> a = 1000\n" +">>> b = 500\n" +">>> c = b + 500\n" +">>> a is c\n" +"False\n" +"\n" +">>> a = 'Python'\n" +">>> b = 'Py'\n" +">>> c = b + 'thon'\n" +">>> a is c\n" +"False" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1898 +msgid "Likewise, new instances of mutable containers are never identical::" +msgstr "同样地，可变容器的新实例，对象身份一定不同：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1900 +msgid "" +">>> a = []\n" +">>> b = []\n" +">>> a is b\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> a = []\n" +">>> b = []\n" +">>> a is b\n" +"False" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1905 +msgid "" +"In the standard library code, you will see several common patterns for " +"correctly using identity tests:" +msgstr "在标准库代码中，给出了一些正确使用对象身份测试的常见模式：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1908 +msgid "" +"As recommended by :pep:`8`, an identity test is the preferred way to check " +"for ``None``. This reads like plain English in code and avoids confusion " +"with other objects that may have boolean values that evaluate to false." +msgstr "" +"正如 :pep:`8` 所建议的，标识测试是检查 ``None`` 的推荐方式。 " +"这样的代码读起来就像直白的英语并可避免与具有结果为假的布尔值的对象相混淆。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1912 +msgid "" +"Detecting optional arguments can be tricky when ``None`` is a valid input " +"value. In those situations, you can create a singleton sentinel object " +"guaranteed to be distinct from other objects. For example, here is how to " +"implement a method that behaves like :meth:`dict.pop`:" +msgstr "" +"当 ``None`` 是一个有效的输入值时检查可选参数会有点麻烦。 在这些情况下，你可以创建一个保证与其他对象不同的单例哨兵对象。 " +"例如，以下代码演示了如何实现一个行为与 :meth:`dict.pop` 类似的方法：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1917 +msgid "" +"_sentinel = object()\n" +"\n" +"def pop(self, key, default=_sentinel):\n" +" if key in self:\n" +" value = self[key]\n" +" del self[key]\n" +" return value\n" +" if default is _sentinel:\n" +" raise KeyError(key)\n" +" return default" +msgstr "" +"_sentinel = object()\n" +"\n" +"def pop(self, key, default=_sentinel):\n" +" if key in self:\n" +" value = self[key]\n" +" del self[key]\n" +" return value\n" +" if default is _sentinel:\n" +" raise KeyError(key)\n" +" return default" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"Container implementations sometimes need to augment equality tests with " +"identity tests. This prevents the code from being confused by objects such " +"as ``float('NaN')`` that are not equal to themselves." +msgstr "容器的实现有时需要用标识测试来增强相等性测试。 这样可以防止代码被 ``float('NaN')`` 这类不等于自身的对象所干扰。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1934 +msgid "" +"For example, here is the implementation of " +":meth:`!collections.abc.Sequence.__contains__`::" +msgstr "例如，以下是 :meth:`!collections.abc.Sequence.__contains__` 的实现代码::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1937 +msgid "" +"def __contains__(self, value):\n" +" for v in self:\n" +" if v is value or v == value:\n" +" return True\n" +" return False" +msgstr "" +"def __contains__(self, value):\n" +" for v in self:\n" +" if v is value or v == value:\n" +" return True\n" +" return False" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"How can a subclass control what data is stored in an immutable instance?" +msgstr "一个子类如何控制哪些数据被存储在一个不可变的实例中？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"When subclassing an immutable type, override the :meth:`~object.__new__` " +"method instead of the :meth:`~object.__init__` method. The latter only runs" +" *after* an instance is created, which is too late to alter data in an " +"immutable instance." +msgstr "" +"当子类化一个不可变类型时，请重写 :meth:`~object.__new__` 方法而不是 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法。 " +"后者只在一个实例被创建 *之后* 运行，这对于改变不可变实例中的数据来说太晚了。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1952 +msgid "" +"All of these immutable classes have a different signature than their parent " +"class:" +msgstr "所有这些不可变的类都有一个与它们的父类不同的签名:" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1955 +msgid "" +"from datetime import date\n" +"\n" +"class FirstOfMonthDate(date):\n" +" \"Always choose the first day of the month\"\n" +" def __new__(cls, year, month, day):\n" +" return super().__new__(cls, year, month, 1)\n" +"\n" +"class NamedInt(int):\n" +" \"Allow text names for some numbers\"\n" +" xlat = {'zero': 0, 'one': 1, 'ten': 10}\n" +" def __new__(cls, value):\n" +" value = cls.xlat.get(value, value)\n" +" return super().__new__(cls, value)\n" +"\n" +"class TitleStr(str):\n" +" \"Convert str to name suitable for a URL path\"\n" +" def __new__(cls, s):\n" +" s = s.lower().replace(' ', '-')\n" +" s = ''.join([c for c in s if c.isalnum() or c == '-'])\n" +" return super().__new__(cls, s)" +msgstr "" +"from datetime import date\n" +"\n" +"class FirstOfMonthDate(date):\n" +" \"Always choose the first day of the month\"\n" +" def __new__(cls, year, month, day):\n" +" return super().__new__(cls, year, month, 1)\n" +"\n" +"class NamedInt(int):\n" +" \"Allow text names for some numbers\"\n" +" xlat = {'zero': 0, 'one': 1, 'ten': 10}\n" +" def __new__(cls, value):\n" +" value = cls.xlat.get(value, value)\n" +" return super().__new__(cls, value)\n" +"\n" +"class TitleStr(str):\n" +" \"Convert str to name suitable for a URL path\"\n" +" def __new__(cls, s):\n" +" s = s.lower().replace(' ', '-')\n" +" s = ''.join([c for c in s if c.isalnum() or c == '-'])\n" +" return super().__new__(cls, s)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1978 +msgid "The classes can be used like this:" +msgstr "这些类可以这样使用:" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1980 +msgid "" +">>> FirstOfMonthDate(2012, 2, 14)\n" +"FirstOfMonthDate(2012, 2, 1)\n" +">>> NamedInt('ten')\n" +"10\n" +">>> NamedInt(20)\n" +"20\n" +">>> TitleStr('Blog: Why Python Rocks')\n" +"'blog-why-python-rocks'" +msgstr "" +">>> FirstOfMonthDate(2012, 2, 14)\n" +"FirstOfMonthDate(2012, 2, 1)\n" +">>> NamedInt('ten')\n" +"10\n" +">>> NamedInt(20)\n" +"20\n" +">>> TitleStr('Blog: Why Python Rocks')\n" +"'blog-why-python-rocks'" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1995 +msgid "How do I cache method calls?" +msgstr "我该如何缓存方法调用？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:1997 +msgid "" +"The two principal tools for caching methods are " +":func:`functools.cached_property` and :func:`functools.lru_cache`. The " +"former stores results at the instance level and the latter at the class " +"level." +msgstr "" +"缓存方法的两个主要工具是 :func:`functools.cached_property` 和 " +":func:`functools.lru_cache`。 前者在实例层级上存储结果而后者在类层级上存储结果。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2002 +msgid "" +"The *cached_property* approach only works with methods that do not take any " +"arguments. It does not create a reference to the instance. The cached " +"method result will be kept only as long as the instance is alive." +msgstr "" +"*cached_property* 方式仅适用于不接受任何参数的方法。 它不会创建对实例的引用。 被缓存的方法结果将仅在实例的生存其内被保留。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2006 +msgid "" +"The advantage is that when an instance is no longer used, the cached method " +"result will be released right away. The disadvantage is that if instances " +"accumulate, so too will the accumulated method results. They can grow " +"without bound." +msgstr "其优点是，当一个实例不再被使用时，缓存的方法结果将被立即释放。缺点是，如果实例累积起来，累积的方法结果也会增加。它们可以无限制地增长。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2011 +msgid "" +"The *lru_cache* approach works with methods that have :term:`hashable` " +"arguments. It creates a reference to the instance unless special efforts " +"are made to pass in weak references." +msgstr "*lru_cache* 方式适用于具有 :term:`hashable` 参数的方法。 它会创建对实例的引用，除非特别设置了传入弱引用。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2015 +msgid "" +"The advantage of the least recently used algorithm is that the cache is " +"bounded by the specified *maxsize*. The disadvantage is that instances are " +"kept alive until they age out of the cache or until the cache is cleared." +msgstr "最少近期使用算法的优点是缓存会受指定的 *maxsize* 限制。 它的缺点是实例会保持存活，直到其达到生存期或者缓存被清空。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2020 +msgid "This example shows the various techniques::" +msgstr "这个例子演示了几种不同的方式::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2022 +msgid "" +"class Weather:\n" +" \"Lookup weather information on a government website\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, station_id):\n" +" self._station_id = station_id\n" +" # The _station_id is private and immutable\n" +"\n" +" def current_temperature(self):\n" +" \"Latest hourly observation\"\n" +" # Do not cache this because old results\n" +" # can be out of date.\n" +"\n" +" @cached_property\n" +" def location(self):\n" +" \"Return the longitude/latitude coordinates of the station\"\n" +" # Result only depends on the station_id\n" +"\n" +" @lru_cache(maxsize=20)\n" +" def historic_rainfall(self, date, units='mm'):\n" +" \"Rainfall on a given date\"\n" +" # Depends on the station_id, date, and units." +msgstr "" +"class Weather:\n" +" \"Lookup weather information on a government website\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, station_id):\n" +" self._station_id = station_id\n" +" # The _station_id is private and immutable\n" +"\n" +" def current_temperature(self):\n" +" \"Latest hourly observation\"\n" +" # Do not cache this because old results\n" +" # can be out of date.\n" +"\n" +" @cached_property\n" +" def location(self):\n" +" \"Return the longitude/latitude coordinates of the station\"\n" +" # Result only depends on the station_id\n" +"\n" +" @lru_cache(maxsize=20)\n" +" def historic_rainfall(self, date, units='mm'):\n" +" \"Rainfall on a given date\"\n" +" # 取决于 station_id、date 和 unit" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2044 +msgid "" +"The above example assumes that the *station_id* never changes. If the " +"relevant instance attributes are mutable, the *cached_property* approach " +"can't be made to work because it cannot detect changes to the attributes." +msgstr "" +"上面的例子假定 *station_id* 从不改变。 如果相关实例属性是可变对象，则 *cached_property* " +"方式就不再适用，因为它无法检测到属性的改变。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2049 +msgid "" +"To make the *lru_cache* approach work when the *station_id* is mutable, the " +"class needs to define the :meth:`~object.__eq__` and " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` methods so that the cache can detect relevant " +"attribute updates::" +msgstr "" +"要让 *lru_cache* 方式在 *station_id* 可变时仍然适用，类需要定义 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法以便缓存能检测到相关属性的更新::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2053 +msgid "" +"class Weather:\n" +" \"Example with a mutable station identifier\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, station_id):\n" +" self.station_id = station_id\n" +"\n" +" def change_station(self, station_id):\n" +" self.station_id = station_id\n" +"\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" return self.station_id == other.station_id\n" +"\n" +" def __hash__(self):\n" +" return hash(self.station_id)\n" +"\n" +" @lru_cache(maxsize=20)\n" +" def historic_rainfall(self, date, units='cm'):\n" +" 'Rainfall on a given date'\n" +" # Depends on the station_id, date, and units." +msgstr "" +"class Weather:\n" +" \"Example with a mutable station identifier\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, station_id):\n" +" self.station_id = station_id\n" +"\n" +" def change_station(self, station_id):\n" +" self.station_id = station_id\n" +"\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" return self.station_id == other.station_id\n" +"\n" +" def __hash__(self):\n" +" return hash(self.station_id)\n" +"\n" +" @lru_cache(maxsize=20)\n" +" def historic_rainfall(self, date, units='cm'):\n" +" 'Rainfall on a given date'\n" +" # 取决于 station_id、date 和 unit" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2075 +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "模块" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2078 +msgid "How do I create a .pyc file?" +msgstr "如何创建 .pyc 文件？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2080 +msgid "" +"When a module is imported for the first time (or when the source file has " +"changed since the current compiled file was created) a ``.pyc`` file " +"containing the compiled code should be created in a ``__pycache__`` " +"subdirectory of the directory containing the ``.py`` file. The ``.pyc`` " +"file will have a filename that starts with the same name as the ``.py`` " +"file, and ends with ``.pyc``, with a middle component that depends on the " +"particular ``python`` binary that created it. (See :pep:`3147` for " +"details.)" +msgstr "" +"当首次导入模块时（或当前已编译文件创建之后源文件发生了改动），在 ``.py`` 文件所在目录的 ``__pycache__`` " +"子目录下会创建一个包含已编译代码的 ``.pyc`` 文件。该 ``.pyc`` 文件的名称开头部分将与 ``.py`` 文件名相同，并以 " +"``.pyc`` 为后缀，中间部分则依据创建它的 ``python`` 版本而各不相同。（详见 :pep:`3147`。）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2088 +msgid "" +"One reason that a ``.pyc`` file may not be created is a permissions problem " +"with the directory containing the source file, meaning that the " +"``__pycache__`` subdirectory cannot be created. This can happen, for " +"example, if you develop as one user but run as another, such as if you are " +"testing with a web server." +msgstr "" +"``.pyc`` 文件有可能会无法创建，原因之一是源码文件所在的目录存在权限问题，这样就无法创建 ``__pycache__`` " +"子目录。假如以某个用户开发程序而以另一用户运行程序，就有可能发生权限问题，测试 Web 服务器就属于这种情况。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2093 +msgid "" +"Unless the :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` environment variable is set, " +"creation of a .pyc file is automatic if you're importing a module and Python" +" has the ability (permissions, free space, etc...) to create a " +"``__pycache__`` subdirectory and write the compiled module to that " +"subdirectory." +msgstr "" +"除非设置了 :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` 环境变量，否则导入模块并且 Python 能够创建 " +"``__pycache__`` 子目录并把已编译模块写入该子目录（权限、存储空间等等）时，.pyc 文件就将自动创建。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2098 +msgid "" +"Running Python on a top level script is not considered an import and no " +"``.pyc`` will be created. For example, if you have a top-level module " +"``foo.py`` that imports another module ``xyz.py``, when you run ``foo`` (by " +"typing ``python foo.py`` as a shell command), a ``.pyc`` will be created for" +" ``xyz`` because ``xyz`` is imported, but no ``.pyc`` file will be created " +"for ``foo`` since ``foo.py`` isn't being imported." +msgstr "" +"在最高层级运行的 Python 脚本不会被视为经过了导入操作，因此不会创建 ``.pyc`` 文件。假定有一个最高层级的模块文件 " +"``foo.py``，它导入了另一个模块 ``xyz.py``，当运行 ``foo`` 模块（通过输入 shell 命令 ``python " +"foo.py`` ），则会为 ``xyz`` 创建一个 ``.pyc``，因为 ``xyz`` 是被导入的，但不会为 ``foo`` 创建 " +"``.pyc`` 文件，因为 ``foo.py`` 不是被导入的。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2105 +msgid "" +"If you need to create a ``.pyc`` file for ``foo`` -- that is, to create a " +"``.pyc`` file for a module that is not imported -- you can, using the " +":mod:`py_compile` and :mod:`compileall` modules." +msgstr "" +"若要为 ``foo`` 创建 ``.pyc`` 文件 —— 即为未做导入的模块创建 ``.pyc`` 文件 —— 可以利用 " +":mod:`py_compile` 和 :mod:`compileall` 模块。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`py_compile` module can manually compile any module. One way is to" +" use the ``compile()`` function in that module interactively::" +msgstr ":mod:`py_compile` 模块能够手动编译任意模块。 一种做法是交互式地使用该模块中的 ``compile()`` 函数::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2112 +msgid "" +">>> import py_compile\n" +">>> py_compile.compile('foo.py')" +msgstr "" +">>> import py_compile\n" +">>> py_compile.compile('foo.py')" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2115 +msgid "" +"This will write the ``.pyc`` to a ``__pycache__`` subdirectory in the same " +"location as ``foo.py`` (or you can override that with the optional parameter" +" ``cfile``)." +msgstr "" +"这将会将 ``.pyc`` 文件写入与 ``foo.py`` 相同位置下的 ``__pycache__`` 子目录（或者你也可以通过可选参数 " +"``cfile`` 来重写该行为）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2119 +msgid "" +"You can also automatically compile all files in a directory or directories " +"using the :mod:`compileall` module. You can do it from the shell prompt by " +"running ``compileall.py`` and providing the path of a directory containing " +"Python files to compile::" +msgstr "" +"还可以用 :mod:`compileall` 模块自动编译一个或多个目录下的所有文件。只要在命令行提示符中运行 ``compileall.py`` " +"并给出要编译的 Python 文件所在目录路径即可：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2124 +msgid "python -m compileall ." +msgstr "python -m compileall ." + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2128 +msgid "How do I find the current module name?" +msgstr "如何找到当前模块名称？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2130 +msgid "" +"A module can find out its own module name by looking at the predefined " +"global variable ``__name__``. If this has the value ``'__main__'``, the " +"program is running as a script. Many modules that are usually used by " +"importing them also provide a command-line interface or a self-test, and " +"only execute this code after checking ``__name__``::" +msgstr "" +"模块可以查看预定义的全局变量 ``__name__`` 获悉自己的名称。如其值为 ``'__main__'`` " +"，程序将作为脚本运行。通常，许多通过导入使用的模块同时也提供命令行接口或自检代码，这些代码只在检测到处于 ``__name__`` 之后才会执行：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2136 +msgid "" +"def main():\n" +" print('Running test...')\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"def main():\n" +" print('Running test...')\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2145 +msgid "How can I have modules that mutually import each other?" +msgstr "如何让模块相互导入？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2147 +msgid "Suppose you have the following modules:" +msgstr "假设有以下模块：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2149 +msgid ":file:`foo.py`::" +msgstr ":file:`foo.py`::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2151 +msgid "" +"from bar import bar_var\n" +"foo_var = 1" +msgstr "" +"from bar import bar_var\n" +"foo_var = 1" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2154 +msgid ":file:`bar.py`::" +msgstr ":file:`bar.py`::" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2156 +msgid "" +"from foo import foo_var\n" +"bar_var = 2" +msgstr "" +"from foo import foo_var\n" +"bar_var = 2" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2159 +msgid "The problem is that the interpreter will perform the following steps:" +msgstr "问题是解释器将执行以下步骤：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2161 +msgid "main imports ``foo``" +msgstr "首先导入 ``foo``" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2162 +msgid "Empty globals for ``foo`` are created" +msgstr "为 ``foo`` 创建空的全局变量" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2163 +msgid "``foo`` is compiled and starts executing" +msgstr "编译 ``foo`` 并开始执行" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2164 +msgid "``foo`` imports ``bar``" +msgstr "``foo`` 导入 ``bar``" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2165 +msgid "Empty globals for ``bar`` are created" +msgstr "为 ``bar`` 创建空的全局变量" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2166 +msgid "``bar`` is compiled and starts executing" +msgstr "编译 ``bar`` 并开始执行" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"``bar`` imports ``foo`` (which is a no-op since there already is a module " +"named ``foo``)" +msgstr "``bar`` 导入 ``foo`` (该步骤无操作，因为已经有一个名为 ``foo`` 的模块)。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2168 +msgid "" +"The import mechanism tries to read ``foo_var`` from ``foo`` globals, to set " +"``bar.foo_var = foo.foo_var``" +msgstr "导入机制尝试从 ``foo_var`` 全局变量读取 ``foo``，用来设置 ``bar.foo_var = foo.foo_var``" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"The last step fails, because Python isn't done with interpreting ``foo`` yet" +" and the global symbol dictionary for ``foo`` is still empty." +msgstr "最后一步失败了，因为 Python 还没有完成对 foo 的解释，foo 的全局符号字典仍然是空的。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2173 +msgid "" +"The same thing happens when you use ``import foo``, and then try to access " +"``foo.foo_var`` in global code." +msgstr "当你使用 ``import foo`` ，然后尝试在全局代码中访问 ``foo.foo_var`` 时，会发生同样的事情。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2176 +msgid "There are (at least) three possible workarounds for this problem." +msgstr "这个问题有（至少）三种可能的解决方法。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2178 +msgid "" +"Guido van Rossum recommends avoiding all uses of ``from import " +"...``, and placing all code inside functions. Initializations of global " +"variables and class variables should use constants or built-in functions " +"only. This means everything from an imported module is referenced as " +"``.``." +msgstr "" +"Guido van Rossum 建议完全避免使用 ``from import ...`` " +"，并将所有代码放在函数中。全局变量和类变量的初始化只应使用常量或内置函数。这意味着导入模块中的所有内容都以 ``.`` " +"的形式引用。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2183 +msgid "" +"Jim Roskind suggests performing steps in the following order in each module:" +msgstr "Jim Roskind 建议每个模块都应遵循以下顺序：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2185 +msgid "" +"exports (globals, functions, and classes that don't need imported base " +"classes)" +msgstr "导出（全局变量、函数和不需要导入基类的类）" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2187 +msgid "``import`` statements" +msgstr "``import`` 语句" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2188 +msgid "" +"active code (including globals that are initialized from imported values)." +msgstr "本模块的功能代码（包括根据导入值进行初始化的全局变量）。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2190 +msgid "" +"Van Rossum doesn't like this approach much because the imports appear in a " +"strange place, but it does work." +msgstr "Van Rossum 不太喜欢这种方法，因为import出现在一个奇怪的地方，但它确实有效。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2193 +msgid "" +"Matthias Urlichs recommends restructuring your code so that the recursive " +"import is not necessary in the first place." +msgstr "Matthias Urlichs 建议对代码进行重构，使得递归导入根本就没必要发生。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2196 +msgid "These solutions are not mutually exclusive." +msgstr "这些解决方案并不相互排斥。" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2200 +msgid "__import__('x.y.z') returns ; how do I get z?" +msgstr "__import__('x.y.z') 返回的是 ；该如何得到 z 呢？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2202 +msgid "" +"Consider using the convenience function :func:`~importlib.import_module` " +"from :mod:`importlib` instead::" +msgstr "不妨考虑换用 :mod:`importlib` 中的函数 :func:`~importlib.import_module` ：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2205 +msgid "z = importlib.import_module('x.y.z')" +msgstr "z = importlib.import_module('x.y.z')" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2209 +msgid "" +"When I edit an imported module and reimport it, the changes don't show up. " +"Why does this happen?" +msgstr "对已导入的模块进行了编辑并重新导入，但变动没有得以体现。这是为什么？" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2211 +msgid "" +"For reasons of efficiency as well as consistency, Python only reads the " +"module file on the first time a module is imported. If it didn't, in a " +"program consisting of many modules where each one imports the same basic " +"module, the basic module would be parsed and re-parsed many times. To force" +" re-reading of a changed module, do this::" +msgstr "" +"出于效率和一致性的原因，Python " +"仅在第一次导入模块时读取模块文件。否则，在一个多模块的程序中，每个模块都会导入相同的基础模块，那么基础模块将会被一而再、再而三地解析。如果要强行重新读取已更改的模块，请执行以下操作：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2217 +msgid "" +"import importlib\n" +"import modname\n" +"importlib.reload(modname)" +msgstr "" +"import importlib\n" +"import modname\n" +"importlib.reload(modname)" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2221 +msgid "" +"Warning: this technique is not 100% fool-proof. In particular, modules " +"containing statements like ::" +msgstr "警告：这种技术并非万无一失。尤其是模块包含了以下语句时：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2224 +msgid "from modname import some_objects" +msgstr "from modname import some_objects" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2226 +msgid "" +"will continue to work with the old version of the imported objects. If the " +"module contains class definitions, existing class instances will *not* be " +"updated to use the new class definition. This can result in the following " +"paradoxical behaviour::" +msgstr "仍将继续使用前一版的导入对象。如果模块包含了类的定义，并 *不会* 用新的类定义更新现有的类实例。这样可能会导致以下矛盾的行为：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2231 +msgid "" +">>> import importlib\n" +">>> import cls\n" +">>> c = cls.C() # Create an instance of C\n" +">>> importlib.reload(cls)\n" +"\n" +">>> isinstance(c, cls.C) # isinstance is false?!?\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> import importlib\n" +">>> import cls\n" +">>> c = cls.C() # Create an instance of C\n" +">>> importlib.reload(cls)\n" +"\n" +">>> isinstance(c, cls.C) # isinstance is false?!?\n" +"False" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2239 +msgid "" +"The nature of the problem is made clear if you print out the \"identity\" of" +" the class objects::" +msgstr "只要把类对象的 id 打印出来，问题的性质就会一目了然：" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:2242 +msgid "" +">>> hex(id(c.__class__))\n" +"'0x7352a0'\n" +">>> hex(id(cls.C))\n" +"'0x4198d0'" +msgstr "" +">>> hex(id(c.__class__))\n" +"'0x7352a0'\n" +">>> hex(id(cls.C))\n" +"'0x4198d0'" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:408 +msgid "argument" +msgstr "argument -- 参数" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:408 +msgid "difference from parameter" +msgstr "与形参的区别" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:408 +msgid "parameter" +msgstr "parameter -- 形参" + +#: ../../faq/programming.rst:408 +msgid "difference from argument" +msgstr "与参数的区别" diff --git a/faq/windows.po b/faq/windows.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..006678dd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/faq/windows.po @@ -0,0 +1,510 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Azuk 443 , 2021 +# musan cheng, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:9 +msgid "Python on Windows FAQ" +msgstr "Python在Windows上的常见问题" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:12 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:22 +msgid "How do I run a Python program under Windows?" +msgstr "我怎样在Windows下运行一个Python程序？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This is not necessarily a straightforward question. If you are already " +"familiar with running programs from the Windows command line then everything" +" will seem obvious; otherwise, you might need a little more guidance." +msgstr "这不一定是一个简单的问题。如果你已经熟悉在Windows的命令行中运行程序的方法，一切都显而易见；不然的话，你也许需要额外获得些许指导。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Unless you use some sort of integrated development environment, you will end" +" up *typing* Windows commands into what is referred to as a \"Command prompt" +" window\". Usually you can create such a window from your search bar by " +"searching for ``cmd``. You should be able to recognize when you have " +"started such a window because you will see a Windows \"command prompt\", " +"which usually looks like this:" +msgstr "" +"除非你使用某种集成开发环境，否则你最终会在所谓的 \"命令提示窗口 \"中 *输入* Windows命令。 通常情况下，你可以在搜索栏中搜索 " +"``cmd`` 来创建这样一个窗口。你应该能够发现你已经启动了这样一个窗口，因为你会看到一个 Windows \"命令提示符\"，它通常看起来像这样。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:35 +msgid "C:\\>" +msgstr "C:\\>" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:39 +msgid "" +"The letter may be different, and there might be other things after it, so " +"you might just as easily see something like:" +msgstr "前面的字母可能会不同，而且后面有可能会有其他东西，所以你也许会看到类似这样的东西：" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:42 +msgid "D:\\YourName\\Projects\\Python>" +msgstr "D:\\YourName\\Projects\\Python>" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:46 +msgid "" +"depending on how your computer has been set up and what else you have " +"recently done with it. Once you have started such a window, you are well on" +" the way to running Python programs." +msgstr "出现的内容具体取决与你的电脑如何设置和最近用它做的事。 当你启动了这样一个窗口后，就可以开始运行Python程序了。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:50 +msgid "" +"You need to realize that your Python scripts have to be processed by another" +" program called the Python *interpreter*. The interpreter reads your " +"script, compiles it into bytecodes, and then executes the bytecodes to run " +"your program. So, how do you arrange for the interpreter to handle your " +"Python?" +msgstr "" +"Python 脚本需要被另外一个叫做 Python *解释器* 的程序来处理。 解释器读取脚本，把它编译成字节码，然后执行字节码来运行你的程序。 " +"所以怎样安排解释器来处理你的 Python 脚本呢？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:55 +msgid "" +"First, you need to make sure that your command window recognises the word " +"\"py\" as an instruction to start the interpreter. If you have opened a " +"command window, you should try entering the command ``py`` and hitting " +"return:" +msgstr "首先，确保命令窗口能够将“py”识别为指令来开启解释器。 如果你打开过一个命令窗口， 尝试输入命令 ``py`` 然后按回车：" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:60 +msgid "C:\\Users\\YourName> py" +msgstr "C:\\Users\\YourName> py" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:64 +msgid "You should then see something like:" +msgstr "然后你应当看见类似类似这样的东西：" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48eceb, Dec 19 2017, 06:04:45) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)] on win32\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +"Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48eceb, Dec 19 2017, 06:04:45) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)] on win32\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:72 +msgid "" +"You have started the interpreter in \"interactive mode\". That means you can" +" enter Python statements or expressions interactively and have them executed" +" or evaluated while you wait. This is one of Python's strongest features. " +"Check it by entering a few expressions of your choice and seeing the " +"results:" +msgstr "" +"解释器已经以“交互模式”打开。这意味着你可以交互输入Python语句或表达式，并在等待时执行或评估它们。这是Python最强大的功能之一。输入几个表达式并看看结果：" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:77 +msgid "" +">>> print(\"Hello\")\n" +"Hello\n" +">>> \"Hello\" * 3\n" +"'HelloHelloHello'" +msgstr "" +">>> print(\"Hello\")\n" +"Hello\n" +">>> \"Hello\" * 3\n" +"'HelloHelloHello'" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Many people use the interactive mode as a convenient yet highly programmable" +" calculator. When you want to end your interactive Python session, call the" +" :func:`exit` function or hold the :kbd:`Ctrl` key down while you enter a " +":kbd:`Z`, then hit the \":kbd:`Enter`\" key to get back to your Windows " +"command prompt." +msgstr "" +"许多人把交互模式当作方便和高度可编程的计算器。 想结束交互式Python会话时，调用 :func:`exit` 函数，或者按住 :kbd:`Ctrl` " +"键时输入 :kbd:`Z` ，之后按 :kbd:`Enter` 键返回Windows命令提示符。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:90 +msgid "" +"You may also find that you have a Start-menu entry such as " +":menuselection:`Start --> Programs --> Python 3.x --> Python (command line)`" +" that results in you seeing the ``>>>`` prompt in a new window. If so, the " +"window will disappear after you call the :func:`exit` function or enter the " +":kbd:`Ctrl-Z` character; Windows is running a single \"python\" command in " +"the window, and closes it when you terminate the interpreter." +msgstr "" +"你可能发现在开始菜单有这样一个条目 :menuselection:`开始 --> 所有程序 --> Python 3.x --> Python " +"(命令行)`， 运行它后会出现一个有着 ``>>>`` 提示的新窗口。 在此之后，如果调用 :func:`exit` 函数或按 " +":kbd:`Ctrl-Z` 组合键后窗口将会消失。 Windows 会在这个窗口中运行一个“python”命令，并且在你终止解释器的时候关闭它。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Now that we know the ``py`` command is recognized, you can give your Python " +"script to it. You'll have to give either an absolute or a relative path to " +"the Python script. Let's say your Python script is located in your desktop " +"and is named ``hello.py``, and your command prompt is nicely opened in your " +"home directory so you're seeing something similar to::" +msgstr "" +"现在我们知道 ``py`` 命令已经被识别，可以输入 Python 脚本了。 你需要提供 Python 脚本的绝对路径或相对路径。 假设 Python " +"脚本位于桌面上并命名为 ``hello.py``，并且命令提示符在用户主目录打开，那么可以看到类似于这样的东西::" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:104 +msgid "C:\\Users\\YourName>" +msgstr "C:\\Users\\YourName>" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:106 +msgid "" +"So now you'll ask the ``py`` command to give your script to Python by typing" +" ``py`` followed by your script path::" +msgstr "那么现在可以让 ``py`` 命令执行你的脚本，只需要输入 ``py`` 和脚本路径::" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:110 +msgid "" +"C:\\Users\\YourName> py Desktop\\hello.py\n" +"hello" +msgstr "" +"C:\\Users\\YourName> py Desktop\\hello.py\n" +"hello" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:114 +msgid "How do I make Python scripts executable?" +msgstr "我怎么让 Python 脚本可执行？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:116 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the standard Python installer already associates the .py " +"extension with a file type (Python.File) and gives that file type an open " +"command that runs the interpreter (``D:\\Program Files\\Python\\python.exe " +"\"%1\" %*``). This is enough to make scripts executable from the command " +"prompt as 'foo.py'. If you'd rather be able to execute the script by simple" +" typing 'foo' with no extension you need to add .py to the PATHEXT " +"environment variable." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，标准 Python 安装程序已将 .py 扩展名与文件类型 (Python.File) " +"相关联，并为该文件类型提供运行解释器的打开命令 (``D:\\Program Files\\Python\\python.exe \"%1\" " +"%*``) 。 这足以使脚本在命令提示符下作为“foo.py”命令被执行。 如果希望通过简单地键入“foo”而无需输入文件扩展名来执行脚本，则需要将 " +".py 添加到 PATHEXT 环境变量中。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:124 +msgid "Why does Python sometimes take so long to start?" +msgstr "为什么有时候 Python 程序会启动缓慢？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Usually Python starts very quickly on Windows, but occasionally there are " +"bug reports that Python suddenly begins to take a long time to start up. " +"This is made even more puzzling because Python will work fine on other " +"Windows systems which appear to be configured identically." +msgstr "" +"通常，Python 在 Windows 上启动得很快，但偶尔会有错误报告说 Python 突然需要很长时间才能启动。更令人费解的是，在其他配置相同的 " +"Windows 系统上，Python 却可以工作得很好。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:131 +msgid "" +"The problem may be caused by a misconfiguration of virus checking software " +"on the problem machine. Some virus scanners have been known to introduce " +"startup overhead of two orders of magnitude when the scanner is configured " +"to monitor all reads from the filesystem. Try checking the configuration of" +" virus scanning software on your systems to ensure that they are indeed " +"configured identically. McAfee, when configured to scan all file system read" +" activity, is a particular offender." +msgstr "" +"该问题可能是由于计算机上的杀毒软件配置错误造成的。当将病毒扫描配置为监视文件系统中所有读取行为时，一些杀毒扫描程序会导致两个数量级的启动开销。请检查你系统安装的杀毒扫描程序的配置，确保两台机它们是同样的配置。已知的，" +" McAfee 杀毒软件在将它设置为扫描所有文件系统访问时，会产生这个问题。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:141 +msgid "How do I make an executable from a Python script?" +msgstr "我怎样使用 Python 脚本制作可执行文件？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:143 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`faq-create-standalone-binary` for a list of tools that can be used" +" to make executables." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`faq-create-standalone-binary` 查看可用来生成可执行文件的工具清单。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:148 +msgid "Is a ``*.pyd`` file the same as a DLL?" +msgstr "``*.pyd`` 文件和 DLL 文件相同吗？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Yes, .pyd files are dll's, but there are a few differences. If you have a " +"DLL named ``foo.pyd``, then it must have a function ``PyInit_foo()``. You " +"can then write Python \"import foo\", and Python will search for foo.pyd (as" +" well as foo.py, foo.pyc) and if it finds it, will attempt to call " +"``PyInit_foo()`` to initialize it. You do not link your .exe with foo.lib, " +"as that would cause Windows to require the DLL to be present." +msgstr "" +"是的， .pyd 文件也是 dll ，但有一些差异。如果你有一个名为 ``foo.pyd`` 的DLL，那么它必须有一个函数 " +"``PyInit_foo()`` 。 然后你可以编写 Python 代码 “import foo” ，Python 将搜索 foo.pyd （以及 " +"foo.py 、 foo.pyc ）。如果找到它，将尝试调用 ``PyInit_foo()`` 来初始化它。你不应将 .exe 与 foo.lib " +"链接，因为这会导致 Windows 要求存在 DLL 。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Note that the search path for foo.pyd is PYTHONPATH, not the same as the " +"path that Windows uses to search for foo.dll. Also, foo.pyd need not be " +"present to run your program, whereas if you linked your program with a dll, " +"the dll is required. Of course, foo.pyd is required if you want to say " +"``import foo``. In a DLL, linkage is declared in the source code with " +"``__declspec(dllexport)``. In a .pyd, linkage is defined in a list of " +"available functions." +msgstr "" +"请注意， foo.pyd 的搜索路径是 PYTHONPATH ，与 Windows 用于搜索 foo.dll 的路径不同。此外， foo.pyd " +"不需要存在来运行你的程序，而如果你将程序与 dll 链接，则需要 dll 。 当然，如果你想 ``import foo`` ，则需要 foo.pyd " +"。在 DLL 中，链接在源代码中用 ``__declspec(dllexport)`` 声明。 在 .pyd 中，链接在可用函数列表中定义。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:166 +msgid "How can I embed Python into a Windows application?" +msgstr "我怎样将 Python 嵌入一个 Windows 程序？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Embedding the Python interpreter in a Windows app can be summarized as " +"follows:" +msgstr "在 Windows 应用程序中嵌入 Python 解释器可以总结如下：" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Do **not** build Python into your .exe file directly. On Windows, Python " +"must be a DLL to handle importing modules that are themselves DLL's. (This " +"is the first key undocumented fact.) Instead, link to " +":file:`python{NN}.dll`; it is typically installed in " +"``C:\\Windows\\System``. *NN* is the Python version, a number such as " +"\"33\" for Python 3.3." +msgstr "" +"请 **不要** 直接将 Python 编译到你的 .exe 文件中。 在 Windows 上，Python 必须是一个 DLL 以便处理导入本身就是 " +"DLL 的模块。 （这是首先要知道的未写入文档的关键事实。） 正确的做法，应该是链接到 :file:`python{NN}.dll`；它通常安装在 " +"``C:\\Windows\\System`` 中。 *NN* 是 Python 的版本号，例如数字 \"33\" 代表 Python 3.3。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:176 +msgid "" +"You can link to Python in two different ways. Load-time linking means " +"linking against :file:`python{NN}.lib`, while run-time linking means linking" +" against :file:`python{NN}.dll`. (General note: :file:`python{NN}.lib` is " +"the so-called \"import lib\" corresponding to :file:`python{NN}.dll`. It " +"merely defines symbols for the linker.)" +msgstr "" +"你可以通过两种不同的方式链接到 Python 。加载时链接意味着链接到 :file:`python{NN}.lib` ，而运行时链接意味着链接 " +":file:`python{NN}.dll` 。（一般说明： :file:`python {NN}.lib` 是所谓的“import lib”，对应于 " +":file:`python{NN}.dll` 。它只定义了链接器的符号。）" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Run-time linking greatly simplifies link options; everything happens at run " +"time. Your code must load :file:`python{NN}.dll` using the Windows " +"``LoadLibraryEx()`` routine. The code must also use access routines and " +"data in :file:`python{NN}.dll` (that is, Python's C API's) using pointers " +"obtained by the Windows ``GetProcAddress()`` routine. Macros can make using" +" these pointers transparent to any C code that calls routines in Python's C " +"API." +msgstr "" +"运行时链接极大地简化了链接选项，一切都在运行时发生。你的代码必须使用 Windows 的 ``LoadLibraryEx()`` 程序加载 " +":file:`python{NN}.dll` 。代码还必须使用使用 Windows 的 ``GetProcAddress()`` 例程获得的指针访问 " +":file:`python{NN}.dll` 中程序和数据（即 Python 的 C API ）。宏可以使这些指针对任何调用 Python C API " +"中的例程的 C 代码都是透明的。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:191 +msgid "" +"If you use SWIG, it is easy to create a Python \"extension module\" that " +"will make the app's data and methods available to Python. SWIG will handle " +"just about all the grungy details for you. The result is C code that you " +"link *into* your .exe file (!) You do **not** have to create a DLL file, " +"and this also simplifies linking." +msgstr "" +"如果你是使用 SWIG，那么很容易创建一个将使得应用的数据和方法可供 Python 使用的 \"扩展模块\"。 SWIG 将为你处理所有繁琐的细节。 " +"结果是让你链接 *置入* 你的 .exe 文件当中的 C 代码 (!) 你 **无需** 创建一个 DLL 文件，而这也简化了链接过程。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:197 +msgid "" +"SWIG will create an init function (a C function) whose name depends on the " +"name of the extension module. For example, if the name of the module is " +"leo, the init function will be called initleo(). If you use SWIG shadow " +"classes, as you should, the init function will be called initleoc(). This " +"initializes a mostly hidden helper class used by the shadow class." +msgstr "" +"SWIG 将创建一个 init 函数（一个 C 函数），其名称取决于扩展模块的名称。例如，如果模块的名称是 leo ，则 init 函数将被称为 " +"initleo() 。 如果您使用 SWIG 阴影类，则 init 函数将被称为 initleoc() 。这初始化了一个由阴影类使用的隐藏辅助类。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The reason you can link the C code in step 2 into your .exe file is that " +"calling the initialization function is equivalent to importing the module " +"into Python! (This is the second key undocumented fact.)" +msgstr "" +"你可以将步骤 2 中的 C 代码链接到 .exe 文件的原因是调用初始化函数等同于将模块导入 Python ！ （这是第二个关键的未记载事实。）" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:207 +msgid "" +"In short, you can use the following code to initialize the Python " +"interpreter with your extension module." +msgstr "简而言之，你可以用以下代码使用扩展模块初始化 Python 解释器。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:210 +msgid "" +"#include \n" +"...\n" +"Py_Initialize(); // Initialize Python.\n" +"initmyAppc(); // Initialize (import) the helper class.\n" +"PyRun_SimpleString(\"import myApp\"); // Import the shadow class." +msgstr "" +"#include \n" +"...\n" +"Py_Initialize(); // 初始化 Python。\n" +"initmyAppc(); // 初始化（导入）辅助类。\n" +"PyRun_SimpleString(\"import myApp\"); // 导入影子类。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:218 +msgid "" +"There are two problems with Python's C API which will become apparent if you" +" use a compiler other than MSVC, the compiler used to build pythonNN.dll." +msgstr "Python C API 存在两个问题，如果你使用除 MSVC 之外的编译器用于构建 python.dll ，这将会变得明显。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:221 +msgid "" +"Problem 1: The so-called \"Very High Level\" functions that take ``FILE *`` " +"arguments will not work in a multi-compiler environment because each " +"compiler's notion of a ``struct FILE`` will be different. From an " +"implementation standpoint these are very low level functions." +msgstr "" +"问题 1: 接受 ``FILE *`` 参数的所谓的 \"极高层级\" 函数在多编译器环境中将不起作用，因为每个编译器中 ``struct FILE``" +" 的概念都会是不同的。 从实现的角度看来这些都是极低层级的函数。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Problem 2: SWIG generates the following code when generating wrappers to " +"void functions:" +msgstr "问题2：在为 void 函数生成包装器时，SWIG 会生成以下代码：" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Py_INCREF(Py_None);\n" +"_resultobj = Py_None;\n" +"return _resultobj;" +msgstr "" +"Py_INCREF(Py_None);\n" +"_resultobj = Py_None;\n" +"return _resultobj;" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:235 +msgid "" +"Alas, Py_None is a macro that expands to a reference to a complex data " +"structure called _Py_NoneStruct inside pythonNN.dll. Again, this code will " +"fail in a mult-compiler environment. Replace such code by:" +msgstr "" +"Py_None 是一个宏，它扩展为对 pythonNN.dll 中名为 _Py_NoneStruct " +"的复杂数据结构的引用。同样，此代码将在多编译器环境中失败。将此类代码替换为：" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:239 +msgid "return Py_BuildValue(\"\");" +msgstr "return Py_BuildValue(\"\");" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:243 +msgid "" +"It may be possible to use SWIG's ``%typemap`` command to make the change " +"automatically, though I have not been able to get this to work (I'm a " +"complete SWIG newbie)." +msgstr "有可能使用 SWIG 的 ``%typemap`` 命令自动进行更改，但我无法使其工作（我是一个完全的SWIG新手）。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:247 +msgid "" +"Using a Python shell script to put up a Python interpreter window from " +"inside your Windows app is not a good idea; the resulting window will be " +"independent of your app's windowing system. Rather, you (or the " +"wxPythonWindow class) should create a \"native\" interpreter window. It is " +"easy to connect that window to the Python interpreter. You can redirect " +"Python's i/o to _any_ object that supports read and write, so all you need " +"is a Python object (defined in your extension module) that contains read() " +"and write() methods." +msgstr "" +"使用 Python shell 脚本从 Windows 应用程序内部建立 Python " +"解释器窗口并不是一个好主意；生成的窗口将独立于应用程序的窗口系统。相反，你（或 wxPythonWindow " +"类）应该创建一个“本机”解释器窗口。将该窗口连接到Python解释器很容易。你可以将 Python的 i/o 重定向到支持读写的 _任意_ " +"对象，因此你只需要一个包含 read() 和 write() 方法的 Python 对象（在扩展模块中定义）。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:256 +msgid "How do I keep editors from inserting tabs into my Python source?" +msgstr "如何让编辑器不要在我的 Python 源代码中插入 tab ？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:258 +msgid "" +"The FAQ does not recommend using tabs, and the Python style guide, :pep:`8`," +" recommends 4 spaces for distributed Python code; this is also the Emacs " +"python-mode default." +msgstr "" +"本 FAQ 不建议使用制表符， Python 样式指南 :pep:`8` ，为发行的 Python 代码推荐 4 个空格；这也是 Emacs " +"python-mode 默认值。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Under any editor, mixing tabs and spaces is a bad idea. MSVC is no " +"different in this respect, and is easily configured to use spaces: Take " +":menuselection:`Tools --> Options --> Tabs`, and for file type \"Default\" " +"set \"Tab size\" and \"Indent size\" to 4, and select the \"Insert spaces\" " +"radio button." +msgstr "" +"在任何编辑器下，混合制表符和空格都是一个坏主意。 MSVC 在这方面没有什么不同，并且很容易配置为使用空格： 点击 " +":menuselection:`Tools --> Options --> Tabs`，对于文件类型“Default”，设置“Tab " +"size”和“Indent size”为 4 ，并选择“插入空格”单选按钮。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Python raises :exc:`IndentationError` or :exc:`TabError` if mixed tabs and " +"spaces are causing problems in leading whitespace. You may also run the " +":mod:`tabnanny` module to check a directory tree in batch mode." +msgstr "" +"如果混合制表符和空格导致前导空格出现问题， Python 会引发 :exc:`IndentationError` 或 :exc:`TabError` " +"。你还可以运行 :mod:`tabnanny` 模块以批处理模式检查目录树。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:274 +msgid "How do I check for a keypress without blocking?" +msgstr "如何在不阻塞的情况下检查按键？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Use the :mod:`msvcrt` module. This is a standard Windows-specific extension" +" module. It defines a function ``kbhit()`` which checks whether a keyboard " +"hit is present, and ``getch()`` which gets one character without echoing it." +msgstr "" +"使用 :mod:`msvcrt` 模块。 这是一个标准的 Windows 专属扩展模块。 它定义了一个函数 ``kbhit()`` " +"用于检查是否有键盘中的某个键被按下，以及 ``getch()`` 用于获取一个字符而不将其回显。" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:281 +msgid "How do I solve the missing api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll error?" +msgstr "我该如何解决缺失 api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll 错误？" + +#: ../../faq/windows.rst:283 +msgid "" +"This can occur on Python 3.5 and later when using Windows 8.1 or earlier " +"without all updates having been installed. First ensure your operating " +"system is supported and is up to date, and if that does not resolve the " +"issue, visit the `Microsoft support page `_ for guidance on manually installing the C Runtime " +"update." +msgstr "" +"这将在使用未安装全部更新的 Windows 8.1 或更旧的系统时发生于 Python 3.5 及之后的版本上。 " +"首先请确保你的操作系统受支持并且已经更新补丁，如果此问题仍未解决，请访问 `Microsoft support page " +"`_ 获取有关手动安装 C 运行时更新补丁的指导。" diff --git a/glossary.po b/glossary.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a777d80e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/glossary.po @@ -0,0 +1,2962 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Fred , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Y.D.X., 2022 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# LeeWendao , 2022 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:5 +msgid "Glossary" +msgstr "术语对照表" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:10 +msgid "``>>>``" +msgstr "``>>>``" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell. Often seen for " +"code examples which can be executed interactively in the interpreter." +msgstr "" +":term:`interactive` shell 中默认的 Python 提示符。 往往会显示于能以交互方式在解释器里执行的样例代码之前。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:15 +msgid "``...``" +msgstr "``...``" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:17 +msgid "Can refer to:" +msgstr "具有以下含义：" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell when entering the" +" code for an indented code block, when within a pair of matching left and " +"right delimiters (parentheses, square brackets, curly braces or triple " +"quotes), or after specifying a decorator." +msgstr "" +":term:`interactive` shell 中输入特殊代码时默认的 Python " +"提示符，特殊代码包括缩进的代码块，左右成对分隔符（圆括号、方括号、花括号或三重引号等）之内，或是在指定一个装饰器之后。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:24 +msgid "The :const:`Ellipsis` built-in constant." +msgstr ":const:`Ellipsis` 内置常量。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:25 +msgid "abstract base class" +msgstr "abstract base class -- 抽象基类" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Abstract base classes complement :term:`duck-typing` by providing a way to " +"define interfaces when other techniques like :func:`hasattr` would be clumsy" +" or subtly wrong (for example with :ref:`magic methods `). " +"ABCs introduce virtual subclasses, which are classes that don't inherit from" +" a class but are still recognized by :func:`isinstance` and " +":func:`issubclass`; see the :mod:`abc` module documentation. Python comes " +"with many built-in ABCs for data structures (in the :mod:`collections.abc` " +"module), numbers (in the :mod:`numbers` module), streams (in the :mod:`io` " +"module), import finders and loaders (in the :mod:`importlib.abc` module). " +"You can create your own ABCs with the :mod:`abc` module." +msgstr "" +"抽象基类简称 ABC，是对 :term:`duck-typing` 的补充，它提供了一种定义接口的新方式，相比之下其他技巧例如 " +":func:`hasattr` 显得过于笨拙或有微妙错误（例如使用 :ref:`魔术方法 `）。ABC " +"引入了虚拟子类，这种类并非继承自其他类，但却仍能被 :func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass` 所认可；详见 " +":mod:`abc` 模块文档。Python 自带许多内置的 ABC 用于实现数据结构（在 :mod:`collections.abc` " +"模块中）、数字（在 :mod:`numbers` 模块中）、流（在 :mod:`io` 模块中）、导入查找器和加载器（在 " +":mod:`importlib.abc` 模块中）。你可以使用 :mod:`abc` 模块来创建自己的 ABC。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:38 +msgid "annotation" +msgstr "annotation -- 标注" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:40 +msgid "" +"A label associated with a variable, a class attribute or a function " +"parameter or return value, used by convention as a :term:`type hint`." +msgstr "关联到某个变量、类属性、函数形参或返回值的标签，被约定作为 :term:`类型注解 ` 来使用。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Annotations of local variables cannot be accessed at runtime, but " +"annotations of global variables, class attributes, and functions are stored " +"in the :attr:`__annotations__` special attribute of modules, classes, and " +"functions, respectively." +msgstr "" +"局部变量的标注在运行时不可访问，但全局变量、类属性和函数的标注会分别存放模块、类和函数的 :attr:`__annotations__` 特殊属性中。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:50 +msgid "" +"See :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` and" +" :pep:`526`, which describe this functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-" +"howto` for best practices on working with annotations." +msgstr "" +"参见 :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` 和 " +":pep:`526`，对此功能均有介绍。 另请参见 :ref:`annotations-howto` 了解使用标注的最佳实践。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:54 +msgid "argument" +msgstr "argument -- 参数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:56 +msgid "" +"A value passed to a :term:`function` (or :term:`method`) when calling the " +"function. There are two kinds of argument:" +msgstr "在调用函数时传给 :term:`function` （或 :term:`method` ）的值。参数分为两种：" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:59 +msgid "" +":dfn:`keyword argument`: an argument preceded by an identifier (e.g. " +"``name=``) in a function call or passed as a value in a dictionary preceded " +"by ``**``. For example, ``3`` and ``5`` are both keyword arguments in the " +"following calls to :func:`complex`::" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`关键字参数`: 在函数调用中前面带有标识符（例如 ``name=``）或者作为包含在前面带有 ``**`` " +"的字典里的值传入。举例来说，``3`` 和 ``5`` 在以下对 :func:`complex` 的调用中均属于关键字参数::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:64 +msgid "" +"complex(real=3, imag=5)\n" +"complex(**{'real': 3, 'imag': 5})" +msgstr "" +"complex(real=3, imag=5)\n" +"complex(**{'real': 3, 'imag': 5})" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:67 +msgid "" +":dfn:`positional argument`: an argument that is not a keyword argument. " +"Positional arguments can appear at the beginning of an argument list and/or " +"be passed as elements of an :term:`iterable` preceded by ``*``. For example," +" ``3`` and ``5`` are both positional arguments in the following calls::" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`位置参数`: 不属于关键字参数的参数。位置参数可出现于参数列表的开头以及/或者作为前面带有 ``*`` 的 :term:`iterable`" +" 里的元素被传入。举例来说，``3`` 和 ``5`` 在以下调用中均属于位置参数::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:73 +msgid "" +"complex(3, 5)\n" +"complex(*(3, 5))" +msgstr "" +"complex(3, 5)\n" +"complex(*(3, 5))" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Arguments are assigned to the named local variables in a function body. See " +"the :ref:`calls` section for the rules governing this assignment. " +"Syntactically, any expression can be used to represent an argument; the " +"evaluated value is assigned to the local variable." +msgstr "" +"参数会被赋值给函数体中对应的局部变量。有关赋值规则参见 :ref:`calls` " +"一节。根据语法，任何表达式都可用来表示一个参数；最终算出的值会被赋给对应的局部变量。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:81 +msgid "" +"See also the :term:`parameter` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the" +" difference between arguments and parameters `, " +"and :pep:`362`." +msgstr "" +"另参见 :term:`parameter` 术语表条目，常见问题中 :ref:`参数与形参的区别 ` 以及 :pep:`362`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:84 +msgid "asynchronous context manager" +msgstr "asynchronous context manager -- 异步上下文管理器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:86 +msgid "" +"An object which controls the environment seen in an :keyword:`async with` " +"statement by defining :meth:`~object.__aenter__` and " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__` methods. Introduced by :pep:`492`." +msgstr "" +"此种对象通过定义 :meth:`~object.__aenter__` 和 :meth:`~object.__aexit__` 方法来对 " +":keyword:`async with` 语句中的环境进行控制。 由 :pep:`492` 引入。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:89 +msgid "asynchronous generator" +msgstr "asynchronous generator -- 异步生成器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:91 +msgid "" +"A function which returns an :term:`asynchronous generator iterator`. It " +"looks like a coroutine function defined with :keyword:`async def` except " +"that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for producing a series of " +"values usable in an :keyword:`async for` loop." +msgstr "" +"返回值为 :term:`asynchronous generator iterator` 的函数。它与使用 :keyword:`async def` " +"定义的协程函数很相似，不同之处在于它包含 :keyword:`yield` 表达式以产生一系列可在 :keyword:`async for` " +"循环中使用的值。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Usually refers to an asynchronous generator function, but may refer to an " +"*asynchronous generator iterator* in some contexts. In cases where the " +"intended meaning isn't clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity." +msgstr "此术语通常是指异步生成器函数，但在某些情况下则可能是指 *异步生成器迭代器*。如果需要清楚表达具体含义，请使用全称以避免歧义。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:100 +msgid "" +"An asynchronous generator function may contain :keyword:`await` expressions " +"as well as :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` statements." +msgstr "" +"一个异步生成器函数可能包含 :keyword:`await` 表达式或者 :keyword:`async for` 以及 :keyword:`async" +" with` 语句。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:103 +msgid "asynchronous generator iterator" +msgstr "asynchronous generator iterator -- 异步生成器迭代器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:105 +msgid "An object created by a :term:`asynchronous generator` function." +msgstr ":term:`asynchronous generator` 函数所创建的对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:107 +msgid "" +"This is an :term:`asynchronous iterator` which when called using the " +":meth:`~object.__anext__` method returns an awaitable object which will " +"execute the body of the asynchronous generator function until the next " +":keyword:`yield` expression." +msgstr "" +"此对象属于 :term:`asynchronous iterator`，当使用 :meth:`~object.__anext__` " +"方法调用时会返回一个可等待对象来执行异步生成器函数的函数体直到下一个 :keyword:`yield` 表达式。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the " +"execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements). " +"When the *asynchronous generator iterator* effectively resumes with another " +"awaitable returned by :meth:`~object.__anext__`, it picks up where it left " +"off. See :pep:`492` and :pep:`525`." +msgstr "" +"每个 :keyword:`yield` 会临时暂停处理过程，记住执行状态（包括局部变量和挂起的 try 语句）。 当 *异步生成器迭代器* 通过 " +":meth:`~object.__anext__` 所返回的另一个可等待对象有效地恢复时，它会从离开位置恢复处理过程。 参见 :pep:`492` 和 " +":pep:`525`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:117 +msgid "asynchronous iterable" +msgstr "asynchronous iterable -- 异步可迭代对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:119 +msgid "" +"An object, that can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement. Must " +"return an :term:`asynchronous iterator` from its :meth:`~object.__aiter__` " +"method. Introduced by :pep:`492`." +msgstr "" +"一个可以在 :keyword:`async for` 语句中使用的对象。 必须通过它的 :meth:`~object.__aiter__` 方法返回一个" +" :term:`asynchronous iterator`。 由 :pep:`492` 引入。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:122 +msgid "asynchronous iterator" +msgstr "asynchronous iterator -- 异步迭代器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:124 +msgid "" +"An object that implements the :meth:`~object.__aiter__` and " +":meth:`~object.__anext__` methods. :meth:`~object.__anext__` must return an" +" :term:`awaitable` object. :keyword:`async for` resolves the awaitables " +"returned by an asynchronous iterator's :meth:`~object.__anext__` method " +"until it raises a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception. Introduced by " +":pep:`492`." +msgstr "" +"一个实现了 :meth:`~object.__aiter__` 和 :meth:`~object.__anext__` 方法的对象。 " +":meth:`~object.__anext__` 必须返回一个 :term:`awaitable` 对象。 :keyword:`async for` " +"会处理异步迭代器的 :meth:`~object.__anext__` 方法所返回的可等待对象直到其引发一个 " +":exc:`StopAsyncIteration` 异常。 由 :pep:`492` 引入。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:129 +msgid "attribute" +msgstr "attribute -- 属性" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:131 +msgid "" +"A value associated with an object which is usually referenced by name using " +"dotted expressions. For example, if an object *o* has an attribute *a* it " +"would be referenced as *o.a*." +msgstr "关联到一个对象的值，通常使用点号表达式按名称来引用。 举例来说，如果对象 *o* 具有属性 *a* 则可以用 *o.a* 来引用它。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:136 +msgid "" +"It is possible to give an object an attribute whose name is not an " +"identifier as defined by :ref:`identifiers`, for example using " +":func:`setattr`, if the object allows it. Such an attribute will not be " +"accessible using a dotted expression, and would instead need to be retrieved" +" with :func:`getattr`." +msgstr "" +"如果对象允许，将未被定义为 :ref:`identifiers` 的非标识名称用作一个对象的属性也是可以的，例如使用 :func:`setattr`。 " +"这样的属性将无法使用点号表达式来访问，而是必须通过 :func:`getattr` 来获取。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:141 +msgid "awaitable" +msgstr "awaitable -- 可等待对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:143 +msgid "" +"An object that can be used in an :keyword:`await` expression. Can be a " +":term:`coroutine` or an object with an :meth:`~object.__await__` method. See" +" also :pep:`492`." +msgstr "" +"一个可在 :keyword:`await` 表达式中使用的对象。 可以是 :term:`coroutine` 或是具有 " +":meth:`~object.__await__` 方法的对象。 参见 :pep:`492`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:146 +msgid "BDFL" +msgstr "BDFL" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Benevolent Dictator For Life, a.k.a. `Guido van Rossum " +"`_, Python's creator." +msgstr "" +"“终身仁慈独裁者”的英文缩写，即 `Guido van Rossum `_，Python " +"的创造者。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:150 +msgid "binary file" +msgstr "binary file -- 二进制文件" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:152 +msgid "" +"A :term:`file object` able to read and write :term:`bytes-like objects " +"`. Examples of binary files are files opened in binary " +"mode (``'rb'``, ``'wb'`` or ``'rb+'``), :data:`sys.stdin.buffer " +"`, :data:`sys.stdout.buffer `, and instances of " +":class:`io.BytesIO` and :class:`gzip.GzipFile`." +msgstr "" +":term:`file object` 能够读写 :term:`字节型对象 `。 二进制文件的例子包括以二进制模式" +" (``'rb'``, ``'wb'`` 或 ``'rb+'``) 打开的文件、:data:`sys.stdin.buffer " +"`、:data:`sys.stdout.buffer ` 以及 :class:`io.BytesIO` 和" +" :class:`gzip.GzipFile` 的实例。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:159 +msgid "" +"See also :term:`text file` for a file object able to read and write " +":class:`str` objects." +msgstr "另请参见 :term:`text file` 了解能够读写 :class:`str` 对象的文件对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:161 +msgid "borrowed reference" +msgstr "borrowed reference -- 借入引用" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:163 +msgid "" +"In Python's C API, a borrowed reference is a reference to an object, where " +"the code using the object does not own the reference. It becomes a dangling " +"pointer if the object is destroyed. For example, a garbage collection can " +"remove the last :term:`strong reference` to the object and so destroy it." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 的 C API 中，借用引用是指一种对象引用，使用该对象的代码并不持有该引用。 如果对象被销毁则它就会变成一个悬空指针。 " +"例如，垃圾回收器可以移除对象的最后一个 :term:`strong reference` 来销毁它。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF` on the :term:`borrowed reference` is recommended" +" to convert it to a :term:`strong reference` in-place, except when the " +"object cannot be destroyed before the last usage of the borrowed reference. " +"The :c:func:`Py_NewRef` function can be used to create a new :term:`strong " +"reference`." +msgstr "" +"推荐在 :term:`borrowed reference` 上调用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 以将其原地转换为 " +":term:`strong reference`，除非是当该对象无法在借入引用的最后一次使用之前被销毁。 :c:func:`Py_NewRef` " +"函数可以被用来创建一个新的 :term:`strong reference`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:174 +msgid "bytes-like object" +msgstr "bytes-like object -- 字节型对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:176 +msgid "" +"An object that supports the :ref:`bufferobjects` and can export a " +"C-:term:`contiguous` buffer. This includes all :class:`bytes`, " +":class:`bytearray`, and :class:`array.array` objects, as well as many common" +" :class:`memoryview` objects. Bytes-like objects can be used for various " +"operations that work with binary data; these include compression, saving to " +"a binary file, and sending over a socket." +msgstr "" +"支持 :ref:`bufferobjects` 并且能导出 C-:term:`contiguous` 缓冲的对象。这包括所有 " +":class:`bytes`、:class:`bytearray` 和 :class:`array.array` 对象，以及许多普通 " +":class:`memoryview` 对象。 字节型对象可在多种二进制数据操作中使用；这些操作包括压缩、保存为二进制文件以及通过套接字发送等。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Some operations need the binary data to be mutable. The documentation often" +" refers to these as \"read-write bytes-like objects\". Example mutable " +"buffer objects include :class:`bytearray` and a :class:`memoryview` of a " +":class:`bytearray`. Other operations require the binary data to be stored in" +" immutable objects (\"read-only bytes-like objects\"); examples of these " +"include :class:`bytes` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "" +"某些操作需要可变的二进制数据。这种对象在文档中常被称为“可读写字节类对象”。可变缓冲对象的例子包括 :class:`bytearray` 以及 " +":class:`bytearray` 的 :class:`memoryview`。其他操作要求二进制数据存放于不可变对象 " +"(\"只读字节类对象\")；这种对象的例子包括 :class:`bytes` 以及 :class:`bytes` 对象的 " +":class:`memoryview`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:191 +msgid "bytecode" +msgstr "bytecode -- 字节码" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Python source code is compiled into bytecode, the internal representation of" +" a Python program in the CPython interpreter. The bytecode is also cached " +"in ``.pyc`` files so that executing the same file is faster the second time " +"(recompilation from source to bytecode can be avoided). This \"intermediate" +" language\" is said to run on a :term:`virtual machine` that executes the " +"machine code corresponding to each bytecode. Do note that bytecodes are not " +"expected to work between different Python virtual machines, nor to be stable" +" between Python releases." +msgstr "" +"Python 源代码会被编译为字节码，即 CPython 解释器中表示 Python 程序的内部代码。字节码还会缓存在 ``.pyc`` " +"文件中，这样第二次执行同一文件时速度更快（可以免去将源码重新编译为字节码）。这种 \"中间语言\" 运行在根据字节码执行相应机器码的 " +":term:`virtual machine` 之上。请注意不同 Python 虚拟机上的字节码不一定通用，也不一定能在不同 Python 版本上兼容。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:203 +msgid "" +"A list of bytecode instructions can be found in the documentation for " +":ref:`the dis module `." +msgstr "字节码指令列表可以在 :ref:`dis 模块 ` 的文档中查看。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:205 +msgid "callable" +msgstr "callable -- 可调用对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:207 +msgid "" +"A callable is an object that can be called, possibly with a set of arguments" +" (see :term:`argument`), with the following syntax::" +msgstr "可调用对象就是可以执行调用运算的对象，并可能附带一组参数 (参见 :term:`argument`)，使用以下语法::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:210 +msgid "callable(argument1, argument2, argumentN)" +msgstr "callable(argument1, argument2, argumentN)" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:212 +msgid "" +"A :term:`function`, and by extension a :term:`method`, is a callable. An " +"instance of a class that implements the :meth:`~object.__call__` method is " +"also a callable." +msgstr "" +":term:`function`，还可扩展到 :term:`method` 等，就属于可调用对象。 实现了 " +":meth:`~object.__call__` 方法的类的实例也属于可调用对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:215 +msgid "callback" +msgstr "callback -- 回调" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:217 +msgid "" +"A subroutine function which is passed as an argument to be executed at some " +"point in the future." +msgstr "一个作为参数被传入以用以在未来的某个时刻被调用的子例程函数。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:219 +msgid "class" +msgstr "class -- 类" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:221 +msgid "" +"A template for creating user-defined objects. Class definitions normally " +"contain method definitions which operate on instances of the class." +msgstr "用来创建用户定义对象的模板。类定义通常包含对该类的实例进行操作的方法定义。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:224 +msgid "class variable" +msgstr "class variable -- 类变量" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:226 +msgid "" +"A variable defined in a class and intended to be modified only at class " +"level (i.e., not in an instance of the class)." +msgstr "在类中定义的变量，并且仅限在类的层级上修改 (而不是在类的实例中修改)。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:228 +msgid "closure variable" +msgstr "closure variable -- 闭包变量" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:230 +msgid "" +"A :term:`free variable` referenced from a :term:`nested scope` that is " +"defined in an outer scope rather than being resolved at runtime from the " +"globals or builtin namespaces. May be explicitly defined with the " +":keyword:`nonlocal` keyword to allow write access, or implicitly defined if " +"the variable is only being read." +msgstr "" +"引用自 :term:`nested scope` 的 :term:`free " +"variable`，它是在外层作用域中定义而不是在运行时自全局或内置命名空间中取得。 可能使用 :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"关键字显式地定义以允许写入访问，或者如果变量仅供读取则只需隐式地定义。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:235 +msgid "" +"For example, in the ``inner`` function in the following code, both ``x`` and" +" ``print`` are :term:`free variables `, but only ``x`` is a " +"*closure variable*::" +msgstr "" +"例如，在以下代码的 ``inner`` 函数中，``x`` 和 ``print`` 均为 :term:`自由变量 `，但只有 ``x`` 属于 *闭包变量*::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:238 +msgid "" +"def outer():\n" +" x = 0\n" +" def inner():\n" +" nonlocal x\n" +" x += 1\n" +" print(x)\n" +" return inner" +msgstr "" +"def outer():\n" +" x = 0\n" +" def inner():\n" +" nonlocal x\n" +" x += 1\n" +" print(x)\n" +" return inner" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:246 +msgid "" +"Due to the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` attribute (which, despite its " +"name, only includes the names of closure variables rather than listing all " +"referenced free variables), the more general :term:`free variable` term is " +"sometimes used even when the intended meaning is to refer specifically to " +"closure variables." +msgstr "" +"由于 :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` " +"属性的存在（虽然名称如此，但其仅包括闭包变量名称而非列出所有被引用的自由变量），更一般化的术语 :term:`free variable` " +"有时在即便本意是专指闭包变量时也会被使用。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:250 +msgid "complex number" +msgstr "complex number -- 复数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:252 +msgid "" +"An extension of the familiar real number system in which all numbers are " +"expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part. Imaginary numbers " +"are real multiples of the imaginary unit (the square root of ``-1``), often " +"written ``i`` in mathematics or ``j`` in engineering. Python has built-in " +"support for complex numbers, which are written with this latter notation; " +"the imaginary part is written with a ``j`` suffix, e.g., ``3+1j``. To get " +"access to complex equivalents of the :mod:`math` module, use :mod:`cmath`. " +"Use of complex numbers is a fairly advanced mathematical feature. If you're" +" not aware of a need for them, it's almost certain you can safely ignore " +"them." +msgstr "" +"对普通实数系统的扩展，其中所有数字都被表示为一个实部和一个虚部的和。虚数是虚数单位（``-1`` 的平方根）的实倍数，通常在数学中写为 " +"``i``，在工程学中写为 ``j``。Python 内置了对复数的支持，采用工程学标记方式；虚部带有一个 ``j`` 后缀，例如 " +"``3+1j``。如果需要 :mod:`math` 模块内对象的对应复数版本，请使用 " +":mod:`cmath`，复数的使用是一个比较高级的数学特性。如果你感觉没有必要，忽略它们也几乎不会有任何问题。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:262 +msgid "context" +msgstr "context -- 上下文" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:264 +msgid "" +"This term has different meanings depending on where and how it is used. Some" +" common meanings:" +msgstr "此术语根据其所在场合和使用方式的不同而具有不同的含义。 一些常见的含义为：" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:267 +msgid "" +"The temporary state or environment established by a :term:`context manager` " +"via a :keyword:`with` statement." +msgstr "通过 :keyword:`with` 语句由一个 :term:`context manager` 所创建的临时环境或状态。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The collection of key­value bindings associated with a particular " +":class:`contextvars.Context` object and accessed via " +":class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects. Also see :term:`context " +"variable`." +msgstr "" +"一组关联到特定 :class:`contextvars.Context` 对象并通过 :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` " +"对象来访问的键值绑定。 另请参见 :term:`context variable`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:273 +msgid "" +"A :class:`contextvars.Context` object. Also see :term:`current context`." +msgstr "一个 :class:`contextvars.Context` 对象。 另请参见 :term:`current context`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:275 +msgid "context management protocol" +msgstr "上下文管理协议" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:277 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods called by" +" the :keyword:`with` statement. See :pep:`343`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~object.__enter__` 和 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法将由 :keyword:`with` " +"语句来调用。 参见 :pep:`343`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:279 +msgid "context manager" +msgstr "context manager -- 上下文管理器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:281 +msgid "" +"An object which implements the :term:`context management protocol` and " +"controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with` statement. See " +":pep:`343`." +msgstr "" +"一个实现了 :term:`context management protocol` 并负责控制某个 :keyword:`with` 语句内的环境的对象。" +" 参见 :pep:`343`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:284 +msgid "context variable" +msgstr "context variable -- 上下文变量" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:286 +msgid "" +"A variable whose value depends on which context is the :term:`current " +"context`. Values are accessed via :class:`contextvars.ContextVar` objects." +" Context variables are primarily used to isolate state between concurrent " +"asynchronous tasks." +msgstr "" +"一个具体值取决于哪个上下文是 :term:`current context` 的变量。 这些值是通过 " +":class:`contextvars.ContextVar` 对象来访问的。 上下文变量主要被用来隔离并发的异步任务之间的状态。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:290 +msgid "contiguous" +msgstr "contiguous -- 连续" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:294 +msgid "" +"A buffer is considered contiguous exactly if it is either *C-contiguous* or " +"*Fortran contiguous*. Zero-dimensional buffers are C and Fortran " +"contiguous. In one-dimensional arrays, the items must be laid out in memory" +" next to each other, in order of increasing indexes starting from zero. In " +"multidimensional C-contiguous arrays, the last index varies the fastest when" +" visiting items in order of memory address. However, in Fortran contiguous " +"arrays, the first index varies the fastest." +msgstr "" +"一个缓冲如果是 *C 连续* 或 *Fortran 连续* 就会被认为是连续的。零维缓冲是 C 和 Fortran " +"连续的。在一维数组中，所有条目必须在内存中彼此相邻地排列，采用从零开始的递增索引顺序。在多维 " +"C-连续数组中，当按内存地址排列时用最后一个索引访问条目时速度最快。但是在 Fortran 连续数组中则是用第一个索引最快。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:302 +msgid "coroutine" +msgstr "coroutine -- 协程" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:304 +msgid "" +"Coroutines are a more generalized form of subroutines. Subroutines are " +"entered at one point and exited at another point. Coroutines can be " +"entered, exited, and resumed at many different points. They can be " +"implemented with the :keyword:`async def` statement. See also :pep:`492`." +msgstr "" +"协程是子例程的更一般形式。 子例程可以在某一点进入并在另一点退出。 协程则可以在许多不同的点上进入、退出和恢复。 它们可通过 " +":keyword:`async def` 语句来实现。 参见 :pep:`492`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:309 +msgid "coroutine function" +msgstr "coroutine function -- 协程函数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:311 +msgid "" +"A function which returns a :term:`coroutine` object. A coroutine function " +"may be defined with the :keyword:`async def` statement, and may contain " +":keyword:`await`, :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` keywords." +" These were introduced by :pep:`492`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`coroutine` 对象的函数。协程函数可通过 :keyword:`async def` 语句来定义，并可能包含 " +":keyword:`await`、:keyword:`async for` 和 :keyword:`async with` 关键字。这些特性是由 " +":pep:`492` 引入的。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:316 +msgid "CPython" +msgstr "CPython" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:318 +msgid "" +"The canonical implementation of the Python programming language, as " +"distributed on `python.org `_. The term \"CPython\"" +" is used when necessary to distinguish this implementation from others such " +"as Jython or IronPython." +msgstr "" +"Python 编程语言的规范实现，在 `python.org `_ 上发布。\"CPython\" " +"一词用于在必要时将此实现与其他实现例如 Jython 或 IronPython 相区别。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:322 +msgid "current context" +msgstr "current context -- 当前上下文" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:324 +msgid "" +"The :term:`context` (:class:`contextvars.Context` object) that is currently " +"used by :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects to access (get or set) the " +"values of :term:`context variables `. Each thread has its" +" own current context. Frameworks for executing asynchronous tasks (see " +":mod:`asyncio`) associate each task with a context which becomes the current" +" context whenever the task starts or resumes execution." +msgstr "" +"在当前被 :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` 对象用来访问 (获取或设置) :term:`上下文变量 ` 的值的 :term:`context` (:class:`contextvars.Context` 对象)。 " +"每个线程都具有它自己的当前上下文。 用于执行异步任务 (参见 :mod:`asyncio`) " +"的框架会在每个任务开始或恢复执行时将任务关联到一个成为当前上下文的上下文。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:330 +msgid "decorator" +msgstr "decorator -- 装饰器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:332 +msgid "" +"A function returning another function, usually applied as a function " +"transformation using the ``@wrapper`` syntax. Common examples for " +"decorators are :func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`." +msgstr "" +"返回值为另一个函数的函数，通常使用 ``@wrapper`` 语法形式来进行函数变换。 装饰器的常见例子包括 :func:`classmethod` 和" +" :func:`staticmethod`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:336 +msgid "" +"The decorator syntax is merely syntactic sugar, the following two function " +"definitions are semantically equivalent::" +msgstr "装饰器语法只是一种语法糖，以下两个函数定义在语义上完全等价::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:339 +msgid "" +"def f(arg):\n" +" ...\n" +"f = staticmethod(f)\n" +"\n" +"@staticmethod\n" +"def f(arg):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def f(arg):\n" +" ...\n" +"f = staticmethod(f)\n" +"\n" +"@staticmethod\n" +"def f(arg):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../glossary.rst:347 +msgid "" +"The same concept exists for classes, but is less commonly used there. See " +"the documentation for :ref:`function definitions ` and :ref:`class" +" definitions ` for more about decorators." +msgstr "" +"同样的概念也适用于类，但通常较少这样使用。有关装饰器的详情可参见 :ref:`函数定义 ` 和 :ref:`类定义 `" +" 的文档。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:350 +msgid "descriptor" +msgstr "descriptor -- 描述器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:352 +msgid "" +"Any object which defines the methods :meth:`~object.__get__`, " +":meth:`~object.__set__`, or :meth:`~object.__delete__`. When a class " +"attribute is a descriptor, its special binding behavior is triggered upon " +"attribute lookup. Normally, using *a.b* to get, set or delete an attribute " +"looks up the object named *b* in the class dictionary for *a*, but if *b* is" +" a descriptor, the respective descriptor method gets called. Understanding " +"descriptors is a key to a deep understanding of Python because they are the " +"basis for many features including functions, methods, properties, class " +"methods, static methods, and reference to super classes." +msgstr "" +"任何定义了 :meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object.__set__` 或 " +":meth:`~object.__delete__` 方法的对象。 当一个类属性为描述器时，它的特殊绑定行为就会在属性查找时被触发。 通常情况下，使用 " +"*a.b* 来获取、设置或删除一个属性时会在 *a* 类的字典中查找名称为 *b* 的对象，但如果 *b* 是一个描述器，则会调用对应的描述器方法。 " +"理解描述器的概念是更深层次理解 Python 的关键，因为这是许多重要特性的基础，包括函数、方法、特征属性、类方法、静态方法以及对超类的引用等等。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:363 +msgid "" +"For more information about descriptors' methods, see :ref:`descriptors` or " +"the :ref:`Descriptor How To Guide `." +msgstr "" +"有关描述器的方法的更多信息，请参阅 :ref:`descriptors` 或 :ref:`描述器使用指南 `。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:365 +msgid "dictionary" +msgstr "dictionary -- 字典" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:367 +msgid "" +"An associative array, where arbitrary keys are mapped to values. The keys " +"can be any object with :meth:`~object.__hash__` and :meth:`~object.__eq__` " +"methods. Called a hash in Perl." +msgstr "" +"一个关联数组，其中的任意键都映射到相应的值。 键可以是任何具有 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__eq__` 方法的对象。 在 Perl 中称为 hash。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:371 +msgid "dictionary comprehension" +msgstr "dictionary comprehension -- 字典推导式" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:373 +msgid "" +"A compact way to process all or part of the elements in an iterable and " +"return a dictionary with the results. ``results = {n: n ** 2 for n in " +"range(10)}`` generates a dictionary containing key ``n`` mapped to value ``n" +" ** 2``. See :ref:`comprehensions`." +msgstr "" +"处理一个可迭代对象中的所有或部分元素并返回结果字典的一种紧凑写法。 ``results = {n: n ** 2 for n in " +"range(10)}`` 将生成一个由键 ``n`` 到值 ``n ** 2`` 的映射构成的字典。 参见 :ref:`comprehensions`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:377 +msgid "dictionary view" +msgstr "dictionary view -- 字典视图" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:379 +msgid "" +"The objects returned from :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values`, and " +":meth:`dict.items` are called dictionary views. They provide a dynamic view " +"on the dictionary’s entries, which means that when the dictionary changes, " +"the view reflects these changes. To force the dictionary view to become a " +"full list use ``list(dictview)``. See :ref:`dict-views`." +msgstr "" +"从 :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` 和 :meth:`dict.items` " +"返回的对象被称为字典视图。它们提供了字典条目的一个动态视图，这意味着当字典改变时，视图也会相应改变。要将字典视图强制转换为真正的列表，可使用 " +"``list(dictview)``。参见 :ref:`dict-views`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:385 +msgid "docstring" +msgstr "docstring -- 文档字符串" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:387 +msgid "" +"A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class, function " +"or module. While ignored when the suite is executed, it is recognized by " +"the compiler and put into the :attr:`~definition.__doc__` attribute of the " +"enclosing class, function or module. Since it is available via " +"introspection, it is the canonical place for documentation of the object." +msgstr "" +"作为类、函数或模块之内的第一个表达式出现的字符串字面值。 它在代码块被执行时将被忽略，但会被编译器识别并放入所在类、函数或模块的 " +":attr:`~definition.__doc__` 属性中。 由于它可用于代码内省，因此是存放对象的文档的规范位置。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:393 +msgid "duck-typing" +msgstr "duck-typing -- 鸭子类型" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:395 +msgid "" +"A programming style which does not look at an object's type to determine if " +"it has the right interface; instead, the method or attribute is simply " +"called or used (\"If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be" +" a duck.\") By emphasizing interfaces rather than specific types, well-" +"designed code improves its flexibility by allowing polymorphic substitution." +" Duck-typing avoids tests using :func:`type` or :func:`isinstance`. (Note," +" however, that duck-typing can be complemented with :term:`abstract base " +"classes `.) Instead, it typically employs " +":func:`hasattr` tests or :term:`EAFP` programming." +msgstr "" +"指一种编程风格，它并不依靠查找对象类型来确定其是否具有正确的接口，而是直接调用或使用其方法或属性（“看起来像鸭子，叫起来也像鸭子，那么肯定就是鸭子。”）由于强调接口而非特定类型，设计良好的代码可通过允许多态替代来提升灵活性。鸭子类型避免使用" +" :func:`type` 或 :func:`isinstance` 检测。(但要注意鸭子类型可以使用 :term:`抽象基类 ` 作为补充。) 而往往会采用 :func:`hasattr` 检测或是 :term:`EAFP` 编程。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:404 +msgid "EAFP" +msgstr "EAFP" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission. This common Python coding " +"style assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catches " +"exceptions if the assumption proves false. This clean and fast style is " +"characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`try` and :keyword:`except` " +"statements. The technique contrasts with the :term:`LBYL` style common to " +"many other languages such as C." +msgstr "" +"“求原谅比求许可更容易”的英文缩写。这种 Python " +"常用代码编写风格会假定所需的键或属性存在，并在假定错误时捕获异常。这种简洁快速风格的特点就是大量运用 :keyword:`try` 和 " +":keyword:`except` 语句。于其相对的则是所谓 :term:`LBYL` 风格，常见于 C 等许多其他语言。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:412 +msgid "expression" +msgstr "expression -- 表达式" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:414 +msgid "" +"A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value. In other words, an " +"expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals, names, " +"attribute access, operators or function calls which all return a value. In " +"contrast to many other languages, not all language constructs are " +"expressions. There are also :term:`statement`\\s which cannot be used as " +"expressions, such as :keyword:`while`. Assignments are also statements, not" +" expressions." +msgstr "" +"可以求出某个值的语法单元。 换句话说，一个表达式就是表达元素例如字面值、名称、属性访问、运算符或函数调用的汇总，它们最终都会返回一个值。 " +"与许多其他语言不同，并非所有语言构件都是表达式。 还存在不能被用作表达式的 :term:`statement`，例如 :keyword:`while`。" +" 赋值也是属于语句而非表达式。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:421 +msgid "extension module" +msgstr "extension module -- 扩展模块" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:423 +msgid "" +"A module written in C or C++, using Python's C API to interact with the core" +" and with user code." +msgstr "以 C 或 C++ 编写的模块，使用 Python 的 C API 来与语言核心以及用户代码进行交互。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:425 +msgid "f-string" +msgstr "f-string -- f-字符串" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:427 +msgid "" +"String literals prefixed with ``'f'`` or ``'F'`` are commonly called " +"\"f-strings\" which is short for :ref:`formatted string literals " +"`. See also :pep:`498`." +msgstr "" +"带有 ``'f'`` 或 ``'F'`` 前缀的字符串字面值通常被称为“f-字符串”即 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` " +"的简写。参见 :pep:`498`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:430 +msgid "file object" +msgstr "file object -- 文件对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:432 +msgid "" +"An object exposing a file-oriented API (with methods such as :meth:`!read` " +"or :meth:`!write`) to an underlying resource. Depending on the way it was " +"created, a file object can mediate access to a real on-disk file or to " +"another type of storage or communication device (for example standard " +"input/output, in-memory buffers, sockets, pipes, etc.). File objects are " +"also called :dfn:`file-like objects` or :dfn:`streams`." +msgstr "" +"对外公开面向文件的 API（带有 :meth:`!read` 或 :meth:`!write` 等方法）以使用下层资源的对象。 " +"根据其创建方式的不同，文件对象可以处理对真实磁盘文件、其他类型的存储或通信设备的访问（例如标准输入/输出、内存缓冲区、套接字、管道等）。 " +"文件对象也被称为 :dfn:`文件型对象` 或 :dfn:`流`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:440 +msgid "" +"There are actually three categories of file objects: raw :term:`binary files" +" `, buffered :term:`binary files ` and :term:`text" +" files `. Their interfaces are defined in the :mod:`io` module. " +"The canonical way to create a file object is by using the :func:`open` " +"function." +msgstr "" +"实际上共有三种类别的文件对象: 原始 :term:`二进制文件 `, 缓冲 :term:`二进制文件 ` 以及 :term:`文本文件 `。它们的接口定义均在 :mod:`io` 模块中。 创建文件对象的规范方式是使用 " +":func:`open` 函数。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:445 +msgid "file-like object" +msgstr "file-like object -- 文件型对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:447 +msgid "A synonym for :term:`file object`." +msgstr ":term:`file object` 的同义词。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:448 +msgid "filesystem encoding and error handler" +msgstr "filesystem encoding and error handler -- 文件系统编码格式与错误处理器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:450 +msgid "" +"Encoding and error handler used by Python to decode bytes from the operating" +" system and encode Unicode to the operating system." +msgstr "Python 用来从操作系统解码字节串和向操作系统编码 Unicode 的编码格式与错误处理器。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:453 +msgid "" +"The filesystem encoding must guarantee to successfully decode all bytes " +"below 128. If the file system encoding fails to provide this guarantee, API " +"functions can raise :exc:`UnicodeError`." +msgstr "" +"文件系统编码格式必须保证能成功解码长度在 128 以下的所有字节串。 如果文件系统编码格式无法提供此保证，则 API 函数可能会引发 " +":exc:`UnicodeError`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:457 +msgid "" +"The :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` and " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors` functions can be used to get the " +"filesystem encoding and error handler." +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` 和 :func:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors` " +"函数可被用来获取文件系统编码格式与错误处理器。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:461 +msgid "" +"The :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` are configured at Python " +"startup by the :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function: see " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` and " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` members of :c:type:`PyConfig`." +msgstr "" +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 是在 Python 启动时通过 " +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` 函数来配置的：请参阅 :c:type:`PyConfig` 的 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` 等成员。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:466 +msgid "See also the :term:`locale encoding`." +msgstr "另请参见 :term:`locale encoding`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:467 +msgid "finder" +msgstr "finder -- 查找器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:469 +msgid "" +"An object that tries to find the :term:`loader` for a module that is being " +"imported." +msgstr "一种会尝试查找被导入模块的 :term:`loader` 的对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:472 +msgid "" +"There are two types of finder: :term:`meta path finders ` " +"for use with :data:`sys.meta_path`, and :term:`path entry finders ` for use with :data:`sys.path_hooks`." +msgstr "" +"存在两种类型的查找器: :term:`元路径查找器 ` 配合 :data:`sys.meta_path` 使用，以及" +" :term:`路径条目查找器 ` 配合 :data:`sys.path_hooks` 使用。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:476 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`finders-and-loaders` and :mod:`importlib` for much more detail." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`finders-and-loaders` 和 :mod:`importlib` 以了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:477 +msgid "floor division" +msgstr "floor division -- 向下取整除法" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:479 +msgid "" +"Mathematical division that rounds down to nearest integer. The floor " +"division operator is ``//``. For example, the expression ``11 // 4`` " +"evaluates to ``2`` in contrast to the ``2.75`` returned by float true " +"division. Note that ``(-11) // 4`` is ``-3`` because that is ``-2.75`` " +"rounded *downward*. See :pep:`238`." +msgstr "" +"向下舍入到最接近的整数的数学除法。向下取整除法的运算符是 ``//`` 。例如，表达式 ``11 // 4`` 的计算结果是 ``2`` " +"，而与之相反的是浮点数的真正除法返回 ``2.75`` 。注意 ``(-11) // 4`` 会返回 ``-3`` 因为这是 ``-2.75`` " +"*向下* 舍入得到的结果。见 :pep:`238` 。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:484 +msgid "free threading" +msgstr "free threading -- 自由线程" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:486 +msgid "" +"A threading model where multiple threads can run Python bytecode " +"simultaneously within the same interpreter. This is in contrast to the " +":term:`global interpreter lock` which allows only one thread to execute " +"Python bytecode at a time. See :pep:`703`." +msgstr "" +"一种线程模型，在同一个解释器内部的多个线程可以同时运行 Python 字节码。 与此相对的是 :term:`global interpreter " +"lock`，在同一时刻只允许一个线程执行 Python 字节码。 参见 :pep:`703`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:490 +msgid "free variable" +msgstr "free variable -- 自由变量" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Formally, as defined in the :ref:`language execution model `, a " +"free variable is any variable used in a namespace which is not a local " +"variable in that namespace. See :term:`closure variable` for an example. " +"Pragmatically, due to the name of the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` " +"attribute, the term is also sometimes used as a synonym for :term:`closure " +"variable`." +msgstr "" +"在正式场合下，如 :ref:`语言执行模型 ` " +"所定义的，自由变量是指在某个命名空间中被使用的不属于该命名空间中的局部变量的任何变量。 参见 :term:`closure variable` " +"中的样例。 在实际应用中，由于 :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` 属性被如此命名，该术语有时也被用作 " +":term:`closure variable` 的同义词。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:497 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:499 +msgid "" +"A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can also be " +"passed zero or more :term:`arguments ` which may be used in the " +"execution of the body. See also :term:`parameter`, :term:`method`, and the " +":ref:`function` section." +msgstr "" +"可以向调用者返回某个值的一组语句。还可以向其传入零个或多个 :term:`参数 ` 并在函数体执行中被使用。另见 " +":term:`parameter`, :term:`method` 和 :ref:`function` 等节。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:503 +msgid "function annotation" +msgstr "function annotation -- 函数标注" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:505 +msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a function parameter or return value." +msgstr "即针对函数形参或返回值的 :term:`annotation` 。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Function annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints `: " +"for example, this function is expected to take two :class:`int` arguments " +"and is also expected to have an :class:`int` return value::" +msgstr "" +"函数标注通常用于 :term:`类型提示 `：例如以下函数预期接受两个 :class:`int` 参数并预期返回一个 " +":class:`int` 值::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:512 +msgid "" +"def sum_two_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n" +" return a + b" +msgstr "" +"def sum_two_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n" +" return a + b" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:515 +msgid "Function annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`function`." +msgstr "函数标注语法的详解见 :ref:`function` 一节。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:517 +msgid "" +"See :term:`variable annotation` and :pep:`484`, which describe this " +"functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on " +"working with annotations." +msgstr "" +"参见 :term:`variable annotation` 和 :pep:`484`，其中描述了此功能。 另请参阅 " +":ref:`annotations-howto` 以了解使用标的最佳实践。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:521 +msgid "__future__" +msgstr "__future__" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:523 +msgid "" +"A :ref:`future statement `, ``from __future__ import ``, " +"directs the compiler to compile the current module using syntax or semantics" +" that will become standard in a future release of Python. The " +":mod:`__future__` module documents the possible values of *feature*. By " +"importing this module and evaluating its variables, you can see when a new " +"feature was first added to the language and when it will (or did) become the" +" default::" +msgstr "" +":ref:`future 语句 `, ``from __future__ import `` 指示编译器使用将在未来的" +" Python 发布版中成为标准的语法和语义来编译当前模块。 :mod:`__future__` 模块文档记录了可能 的 *feature* 取值。 " +"通过导入此模块并对其变量求值，你可以看到每项新特性在何时被首次加入到该语言中以及它将（或已）在何时成为默认::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:531 +msgid "" +">>> import __future__\n" +">>> __future__.division\n" +"_Feature((2, 2, 0, 'alpha', 2), (3, 0, 0, 'alpha', 0), 8192)" +msgstr "" +">>> import __future__\n" +">>> __future__.division\n" +"_Feature((2, 2, 0, 'alpha', 2), (3, 0, 0, 'alpha', 0), 8192)" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:534 +msgid "garbage collection" +msgstr "garbage collection -- 垃圾回收" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:536 +msgid "" +"The process of freeing memory when it is not used anymore. Python performs " +"garbage collection via reference counting and a cyclic garbage collector " +"that is able to detect and break reference cycles. The garbage collector " +"can be controlled using the :mod:`gc` module." +msgstr "" +"释放不再被使用的内存空间的过程。Python 是通过引用计数和一个能够检测和打破循环引用的循环垃圾回收器来执行垃圾回收的。可以使用 :mod:`gc` " +"模块来控制垃圾回收器。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:541 ../../glossary.rst:542 +msgid "generator" +msgstr "generator -- 生成器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:544 +msgid "" +"A function which returns a :term:`generator iterator`. It looks like a " +"normal function except that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for " +"producing a series of values usable in a for-loop or that can be retrieved " +"one at a time with the :func:`next` function." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`generator iterator` 的函数。它看起来很像普通函数，不同点在于其包含 :keyword:`yield` " +"表达式以便产生一系列值供给 for-循环使用或是通过 :func:`next` 函数逐一获取。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:549 +msgid "" +"Usually refers to a generator function, but may refer to a *generator " +"iterator* in some contexts. In cases where the intended meaning isn't " +"clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity." +msgstr "通常是指生成器函数，但在某些情况下也可能是指 *生成器迭代器*。如果需要清楚表达具体含义，请使用全称以避免歧义。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:552 +msgid "generator iterator" +msgstr "generator iterator -- 生成器迭代器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:554 +msgid "An object created by a :term:`generator` function." +msgstr ":term:`generator` 函数所创建的对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:556 +msgid "" +"Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the " +"execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements). " +"When the *generator iterator* resumes, it picks up where it left off (in " +"contrast to functions which start fresh on every invocation)." +msgstr "" +"每个 :keyword:`yield` 会临时暂停处理过程，记住执行状态（包括局部变量和挂起的 try 语句）。 当 *生成器迭代器* " +"恢复时，它会从离开位置继续执行（不同于每次被唤起时都从新开始的普通函数）。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:562 ../../glossary.rst:563 +msgid "generator expression" +msgstr "generator expression -- 生成器表达式" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:565 +msgid "" +"An :term:`expression` that returns an :term:`iterator`. It looks like a " +"normal expression followed by a :keyword:`!for` clause defining a loop " +"variable, range, and an optional :keyword:`!if` clause. The combined " +"expression generates values for an enclosing function::" +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`iterator` 的 :term:`expression`。 它看起来很像普通表达式后带有定义了一个循环变量、范围的 " +":keyword:`!for` 子句，以及一个可选的 :keyword:`!if` 子句。 以下复合表达式会为外层函数生成一系列值::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:570 +msgid "" +">>> sum(i*i for i in range(10)) # sum of squares 0, 1, 4, ... 81\n" +"285" +msgstr "" +">>> sum(i*i for i in range(10)) # 平方值 0, 1, 4, ... 81 之和\n" +"285" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:572 +msgid "generic function" +msgstr "generic function -- 泛型函数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:574 +msgid "" +"A function composed of multiple functions implementing the same operation " +"for different types. Which implementation should be used during a call is " +"determined by the dispatch algorithm." +msgstr "为不同的类型实现相同操作的多个函数所组成的函数。在调用时会由调度算法来确定应该使用哪个实现。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:578 +msgid "" +"See also the :term:`single dispatch` glossary entry, the " +":func:`functools.singledispatch` decorator, and :pep:`443`." +msgstr "" +"另请参见 :term:`single dispatch` 术语表条目、:func:`functools.singledispatch` 装饰器以及 " +":pep:`443`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:580 +msgid "generic type" +msgstr "generic type -- 泛型" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:582 +msgid "" +"A :term:`type` that can be parameterized; typically a :ref:`container " +"class` such as :class:`list` or :class:`dict`. Used for " +":term:`type hints ` and :term:`annotations `." +msgstr "" +"可参数化的 :term:`type`；通常为 :class:`list` 或 :class:`dict` 这样的 :ref:`容器类 " +"`。用于 :term:`类型提示 ` 和 :term:`注解 `。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:587 +msgid "" +"For more details, see :ref:`generic alias types`, " +":pep:`483`, :pep:`484`, :pep:`585`, and the :mod:`typing` module." +msgstr "" +"更多细节参见 :ref:`泛型别名类型 `、:pep:`483`、:pep:`484`、:pep:`585` 和" +" :mod:`typing` 模块。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:589 +msgid "GIL" +msgstr "GIL" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:591 +msgid "See :term:`global interpreter lock`." +msgstr "参见 :term:`global interpreter lock`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:592 +msgid "global interpreter lock" +msgstr "global interpreter lock -- 全局解释器锁" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:594 +msgid "" +"The mechanism used by the :term:`CPython` interpreter to assure that only " +"one thread executes Python :term:`bytecode` at a time. This simplifies the " +"CPython implementation by making the object model (including critical built-" +"in types such as :class:`dict`) implicitly safe against concurrent access. " +"Locking the entire interpreter makes it easier for the interpreter to be " +"multi-threaded, at the expense of much of the parallelism afforded by multi-" +"processor machines." +msgstr "" +":term:`CPython` 解释器所采用的一种机制，它确保同一时刻只有一个线程在执行 Python " +":term:`bytecode`。此机制通过设置对象模型（包括 :class:`dict` 等重要内置类型）针对并发访问的隐式安全简化了 CPython" +" 实现。给整个解释器加锁使得解释器多线程运行更方便，其代价则是牺牲了在多处理器上的并行性。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:603 +msgid "" +"However, some extension modules, either standard or third-party, are " +"designed so as to release the GIL when doing computationally intensive tasks" +" such as compression or hashing. Also, the GIL is always released when " +"doing I/O." +msgstr "" +"不过，某些标准库或第三方库的扩展模块被设计为在执行计算密集型任务如压缩或哈希时释放 GIL。 此外，在执行 I/O 操作时也总是会释放 GIL。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:608 +msgid "" +"As of Python 3.13, the GIL can be disabled using the :option:`--disable-gil`" +" build configuration. After building Python with this option, code must be " +"run with :option:`-X gil=0 <-X>` or after setting the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=0 " +"` environment variable. This feature enables improved " +"performance for multi-threaded applications and makes it easier to use " +"multi-core CPUs efficiently. For more details, see :pep:`703`." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.13 中，GIL 可以使用 :option:`--disable-gil` 构建配置选项来禁用。 在使用此选项构建 Python " +"之后，代码必须附带 :option:`-X gil=0 <-X>` 或在设置 :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=0 ` " +"环境变量后运行。 此特性将为多线程应用程序启用性能提升并让高效率地使用多核 CPU 更加容易。 要了解详情，请参阅 :pep:`703`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:614 +msgid "hash-based pyc" +msgstr "hash-based pyc -- 基于哈希的 pyc" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:616 +msgid "" +"A bytecode cache file that uses the hash rather than the last-modified time " +"of the corresponding source file to determine its validity. See :ref:`pyc-" +"invalidation`." +msgstr "使用对应源文件的哈希值而非最后修改时间来确定其有效性的字节码缓存文件。 参见 :ref:`pyc-invalidation`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:619 +msgid "hashable" +msgstr "hashable -- 可哈希" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:621 +msgid "" +"An object is *hashable* if it has a hash value which never changes during " +"its lifetime (it needs a :meth:`~object.__hash__` method), and can be " +"compared to other objects (it needs an :meth:`~object.__eq__` method). " +"Hashable objects which compare equal must have the same hash value." +msgstr "" +"一个对象如果具有在其生命期内绝不改变的哈希值（它需要有 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法），并可以同其他对象进行比较（它需要有 " +":meth:`~object.__eq__` 方法）就被称为 *可哈希* 对象。 可哈希对象必须具有相同的哈希值比较结果才会相等。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:627 +msgid "" +"Hashability makes an object usable as a dictionary key and a set member, " +"because these data structures use the hash value internally." +msgstr "可哈希性使得对象能够作为字典键或集合成员使用，因为这些数据结构要在内部使用哈希值。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Most of Python's immutable built-in objects are hashable; mutable containers" +" (such as lists or dictionaries) are not; immutable containers (such as " +"tuples and frozensets) are only hashable if their elements are hashable. " +"Objects which are instances of user-defined classes are hashable by default." +" They all compare unequal (except with themselves), and their hash value is" +" derived from their :func:`id`." +msgstr "" +"大多数 Python 中的不可变内置对象都是可哈希的；可变容器（例如列表或字典）都不可哈希；不可变容器（例如元组和 " +"frozenset）仅当它们的元素均为可哈希时才是可哈希的。 用户定义类的实例对象默认是可哈希的。 " +"它们在比较时一定不相同（除非是与自己比较），它们的哈希值的生成是基于它们的 :func:`id`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:637 +msgid "IDLE" +msgstr "IDLE" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:639 +msgid "" +"An Integrated Development and Learning Environment for Python. :ref:`idle` " +"is a basic editor and interpreter environment which ships with the standard " +"distribution of Python." +msgstr "Python 的集成开发与学习环境。 :ref:`idle` 是 Python 标准发行版附带的基本编辑器和解释器环境。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:642 +msgid "immortal" +msgstr "immortal -- 永生对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:644 +msgid "" +"*Immortal objects* are a CPython implementation detail introduced in " +":pep:`683`." +msgstr "*永生对象* 是在 :pep:`683` 中引入的 CPython 实现细节。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:647 +msgid "" +"If an object is immortal, its :term:`reference count` is never modified, and" +" therefore it is never deallocated while the interpreter is running. For " +"example, :const:`True` and :const:`None` are immortal in CPython." +msgstr "" +"如果对象属于永生对象，则它的 :term:`reference count` 永远不会被修改，因而它在解释器运行期间永远不会被取消分配。 " +"例如，:const:`True` 和 :const:`None` 在 CPython 中都属于永生对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:650 +msgid "immutable" +msgstr "immutable -- 不可变对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:652 +msgid "" +"An object with a fixed value. Immutable objects include numbers, strings " +"and tuples. Such an object cannot be altered. A new object has to be " +"created if a different value has to be stored. They play an important role " +"in places where a constant hash value is needed, for example as a key in a " +"dictionary." +msgstr "" +"具有固定值的对象。不可变对象包括数字、字符串和元组。这样的对象不能被改变。如果必须存储一个不同的值，则必须创建新的对象。它们在需要常量哈希值的地方起着重要作用，例如作为字典中的键。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:657 +msgid "import path" +msgstr "import path -- 导入路径" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:659 +msgid "" +"A list of locations (or :term:`path entries `) that are searched" +" by the :term:`path based finder` for modules to import. During import, this" +" list of locations usually comes from :data:`sys.path`, but for subpackages " +"it may also come from the parent package's ``__path__`` attribute." +msgstr "" +"由多个位置（或 :term:`路径条目 `）组成的列表，会被模块的 :term:`path based finder` " +"用来查找导入目标。在导入时，此位置列表通常来自 :data:`sys.path`，但对次级包来说也可能来自上级包的 ``__path__`` 属性。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:664 +msgid "importing" +msgstr "importing -- 导入" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:666 +msgid "" +"The process by which Python code in one module is made available to Python " +"code in another module." +msgstr "令一个模块中的 Python 代码能为另一个模块中的 Python 代码所使用的过程。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:668 +msgid "importer" +msgstr "importer -- 导入器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:670 +msgid "" +"An object that both finds and loads a module; both a :term:`finder` and " +":term:`loader` object." +msgstr "查找并加载模块的对象；此对象既属于 :term:`finder` 又属于 :term:`loader`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:672 +msgid "interactive" +msgstr "interactive -- 交互" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:674 +msgid "" +"Python has an interactive interpreter which means you can enter statements " +"and expressions at the interpreter prompt, immediately execute them and see " +"their results. Just launch ``python`` with no arguments (possibly by " +"selecting it from your computer's main menu). It is a very powerful way to " +"test out new ideas or inspect modules and packages (remember ``help(x)``). " +"For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`." +msgstr "" +"Python 带有一个交互式解释器，这意味着你可以在解释器提示符后输入语句和表达式，立即执行并查看其结果。 只需不带参数地启动 ``python`` " +"命令（也可以在你的计算机主菜单中选择相应菜单项）。 在测试新想法或检验模块和包的时候这会非常方便（记住 ``help(x)`` 函数）。 " +"有关交互模式的详情，参见 :ref:`tut-interac`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:681 +msgid "interpreted" +msgstr "interpreted -- 解释型" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:683 +msgid "" +"Python is an interpreted language, as opposed to a compiled one, though the " +"distinction can be blurry because of the presence of the bytecode compiler." +" This means that source files can be run directly without explicitly " +"creating an executable which is then run. Interpreted languages typically " +"have a shorter development/debug cycle than compiled ones, though their " +"programs generally also run more slowly. See also :term:`interactive`." +msgstr "" +"Python " +"一是种解释型语言，与之相对的是编译型语言，虽然两者的区别由于字节码编译器的存在而会有所模糊。这意味着源文件可以直接运行而不必显式地创建可执行文件再运行。解释型语言通常具有比编译型语言更短的开发/调试周期，但是其程序往往运行得更慢。参见" +" :term:`interactive`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:690 +msgid "interpreter shutdown" +msgstr "interpreter shutdown -- 解释器关闭" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:692 +msgid "" +"When asked to shut down, the Python interpreter enters a special phase where" +" it gradually releases all allocated resources, such as modules and various " +"critical internal structures. It also makes several calls to the " +":term:`garbage collector `. This can trigger the " +"execution of code in user-defined destructors or weakref callbacks. Code " +"executed during the shutdown phase can encounter various exceptions as the " +"resources it relies on may not function anymore (common examples are library" +" modules or the warnings machinery)." +msgstr "" +"当被要求关闭时，Python 解释器将进入一个特殊运行阶段并逐步释放所有已分配资源，例如模块和各种关键内部结构等。它还会多次调用 " +":term:`垃圾回收器 `。这会触发用户定义析构器或弱引用回调中的代码执行。在关闭阶段执行的代码可能会遇到各种异常，因为其所依赖的资源已不再有效（常见的例子有库模块或警告机制等）。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:701 +msgid "" +"The main reason for interpreter shutdown is that the ``__main__`` module or " +"the script being run has finished executing." +msgstr "解释器需要关闭的主要原因有 ``__main__`` 模块或所运行的脚本已完成执行。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:703 +msgid "iterable" +msgstr "iterable -- 可迭代对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:705 +msgid "" +"An object capable of returning its members one at a time. Examples of " +"iterables include all sequence types (such as :class:`list`, :class:`str`, " +"and :class:`tuple`) and some non-sequence types like :class:`dict`, " +":term:`file objects `, and objects of any classes you define " +"with an :meth:`~object.__iter__` method or with a " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` method that implements :term:`sequence` " +"semantics." +msgstr "" +"一种能够逐个返回其成员项的对象。 可迭代对象的例子包括所有序列类型（如 :class:`list`, :class:`str` 和 " +":class:`tuple` 等）以及某些非序列类型如 :class:`dict`, :term:`文件对象 ` " +"以及任何定义了 :meth:`~object.__iter__` 方法或实现了 :term:`sequence` 语义的 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法的自定义类的对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:713 +msgid "" +"Iterables can be used in a :keyword:`for` loop and in many other places " +"where a sequence is needed (:func:`zip`, :func:`map`, ...). When an " +"iterable object is passed as an argument to the built-in function " +":func:`iter`, it returns an iterator for the object. This iterator is good " +"for one pass over the set of values. When using iterables, it is usually " +"not necessary to call :func:`iter` or deal with iterator objects yourself. " +"The :keyword:`for` statement does that automatically for you, creating a " +"temporary unnamed variable to hold the iterator for the duration of the " +"loop. See also :term:`iterator`, :term:`sequence`, and :term:`generator`." +msgstr "" +"可迭代对象可被用于 :keyword:`for` 循环以及许多其他需要一个序列的地方 (:func:`zip`, :func:`map`, ...)。 " +"当一个可迭代对象作为参数被传给内置函数 :func:`iter` 时，它会返回该对象的迭代器。 这种迭代器适用于对值集合的一次性遍历。 " +"在使用可迭代对象时，你通常不需要调用 :func:`iter` 或者自己处理迭代器对象。 :keyword:`for` " +"语句会自动为你处理那些操作，创建一个临时的未命名变量用来在循环期间保存迭代器。 参见 :term:`iterator`, " +":term:`sequence` 和 :term:`generator`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:723 +msgid "iterator" +msgstr "iterator -- 迭代器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:725 +msgid "" +"An object representing a stream of data. Repeated calls to the iterator's " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` method (or passing it to the built-in function " +":func:`next`) return successive items in the stream. When no more data are " +"available a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised instead. At this " +"point, the iterator object is exhausted and any further calls to its " +":meth:`!__next__` method just raise :exc:`StopIteration` again. Iterators " +"are required to have an :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` method that returns the " +"iterator object itself so every iterator is also iterable and may be used in" +" most places where other iterables are accepted. One notable exception is " +"code which attempts multiple iteration passes. A container object (such as " +"a :class:`list`) produces a fresh new iterator each time you pass it to the " +":func:`iter` function or use it in a :keyword:`for` loop. Attempting this " +"with an iterator will just return the same exhausted iterator object used in" +" the previous iteration pass, making it appear like an empty container." +msgstr "" +"用来表示一连串数据流的对象。 重复调用迭代器的 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法 (或将其传给内置函数 " +":func:`next`) 将逐个返回流中的项。 当没有数据可用时则将引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常。 " +"到这时迭代器对象中的数据项已耗尽，继续调用其 :meth:`!__next__` 方法只会再次引发 :exc:`StopIteration`。 " +"迭代器必须具有 :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` " +"方法用来返回该迭代器对象自身，因此迭代器必定也是可迭代对象，可被用于其他可迭代对象适用的大部分场合。 一个显著的例外是那些会多次重复访问迭代项的代码。 " +"容器对象 (例如 :class:`list`) 在你每次将其传入 :func:`iter` 函数或是在 :keyword:`for` " +"循环中使用时都会产生一个新的迭代器。 如果在此情况下你尝试用迭代器则会返回在之前迭代过程中被耗尽的同一迭代器对象，使其看起来就像是一个空容器。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:740 +msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`typeiter`." +msgstr "更多信息可查看 :ref:`typeiter`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:744 +msgid "" +"CPython does not consistently apply the requirement that an iterator define " +":meth:`~iterator.__iter__`. And also please note that the free-threading " +"CPython does not guarantee the thread-safety of iterator operations." +msgstr "" +"CPython 没有强制推行迭代器定义 :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` 的要求。 还要注意的是自由线程 CPython " +"并不保证迭代器操作的线程安全性。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:749 +msgid "key function" +msgstr "key function -- 键函数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:751 +msgid "" +"A key function or collation function is a callable that returns a value used" +" for sorting or ordering. For example, :func:`locale.strxfrm` is used to " +"produce a sort key that is aware of locale specific sort conventions." +msgstr "" +"键函数或称整理函数，是能够返回用于排序或排位的值的可调用对象。例如，:func:`locale.strxfrm` " +"可用于生成一个符合特定区域排序约定的排序键。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:756 +msgid "" +"A number of tools in Python accept key functions to control how elements are" +" ordered or grouped. They include :func:`min`, :func:`max`, :func:`sorted`," +" :meth:`list.sort`, :func:`heapq.merge`, :func:`heapq.nsmallest`, " +":func:`heapq.nlargest`, and :func:`itertools.groupby`." +msgstr "" +"Python 中有许多工具都允许用键函数来控制元素的排位或分组方式。其中包括 :func:`min`, :func:`max`, " +":func:`sorted`, :meth:`list.sort`, :func:`heapq.merge`, " +":func:`heapq.nsmallest`, :func:`heapq.nlargest` 以及 " +":func:`itertools.groupby`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:762 +msgid "" +"There are several ways to create a key function. For example. the " +":meth:`str.lower` method can serve as a key function for case insensitive " +"sorts. Alternatively, a key function can be built from a :keyword:`lambda` " +"expression such as ``lambda r: (r[0], r[2])``. Also, " +":func:`operator.attrgetter`, :func:`operator.itemgetter`, and " +":func:`operator.methodcaller` are three key function constructors. See the " +":ref:`Sorting HOW TO ` for examples of how to create and use " +"key functions." +msgstr "" +"有多种方式可以创建一个键函数。 例如，:meth:`str.lower` 方法可以用作忽略大小写排序的键函数。 或者，键函数也可通过 " +":keyword:`lambda` 表达式来创建例如 ``lambda r: (r[0], r[2])``。 " +"此外，:func:`operator.attrgetter`, :func:`operator.itemgetter` 和 " +":func:`operator.methodcaller` 是键函数的三个构造器。 请查看 :ref:`排序指引 ` " +"来获取创建和使用键函数的示例。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:769 +msgid "keyword argument" +msgstr "keyword argument -- 关键字参数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:771 ../../glossary.rst:1086 +msgid "See :term:`argument`." +msgstr "参见 :term:`argument`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:772 +msgid "lambda" +msgstr "lambda" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:774 +msgid "" +"An anonymous inline function consisting of a single :term:`expression` which" +" is evaluated when the function is called. The syntax to create a lambda " +"function is ``lambda [parameters]: expression``" +msgstr "" +"由一个单独 :term:`expression` 构成的匿名内联函数，表达式会在调用时被求值。创建 lambda 函数的句法为 ``lambda " +"[parameters]: expression``" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:777 +msgid "LBYL" +msgstr "LBYL" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Look before you leap. This coding style explicitly tests for pre-conditions" +" before making calls or lookups. This style contrasts with the :term:`EAFP`" +" approach and is characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`if` " +"statements." +msgstr "" +"“先查看后跳跃”的英文缩写。这种代码编写风格会在进行调用或查找之前显式地检查前提条件。此风格与 :term:`EAFP` 方式恰成对比，其特点是大量使用" +" :keyword:`if` 语句。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:784 +msgid "" +"In a multi-threaded environment, the LBYL approach can risk introducing a " +"race condition between \"the looking\" and \"the leaping\". For example, " +"the code, ``if key in mapping: return mapping[key]`` can fail if another " +"thread removes *key* from *mapping* after the test, but before the lookup. " +"This issue can be solved with locks or by using the EAFP approach." +msgstr "" +"在多线程环境中，LBYL 方式会导致“查看”和“跳跃”之间发生条件竞争风险。例如，以下代码 ``if key in mapping: return " +"mapping[key]`` 可能由于在检查操作之后其他线程从 *mapping* 中移除了 *key* 而出错。这种问题可通过加锁或使用 EAFP " +"方式来解决。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:789 +msgid "lexical analyzer" +msgstr "lexical analyzer -- 词法分析器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:792 +msgid "Formal name for the *tokenizer*; see :term:`token`." +msgstr "*分词器* 的正式名称；参见 :term:`token`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:793 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list -- 列表" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:795 +msgid "" +"A built-in Python :term:`sequence`. Despite its name it is more akin to an " +"array in other languages than to a linked list since access to elements is " +"*O*\\ (1)." +msgstr "" +"一种 Python 内置 :term:`sequence`。 虽然名为列表，但它更类似于其他语言中的数组而非链表，因为访问元素的时间复杂度为 *O*\\" +" (1)。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:798 +msgid "list comprehension" +msgstr "list comprehension -- 列表推导式" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:800 +msgid "" +"A compact way to process all or part of the elements in a sequence and " +"return a list with the results. ``result = ['{:#04x}'.format(x) for x in " +"range(256) if x % 2 == 0]`` generates a list of strings containing even hex " +"numbers (0x..) in the range from 0 to 255. The :keyword:`if` clause is " +"optional. If omitted, all elements in ``range(256)`` are processed." +msgstr "" +"处理一个序列中的所有或部分元素并返回结果列表的一种紧凑写法。``result = ['{:#04x}'.format(x) for x in " +"range(256) if x % 2 == 0]`` 将生成一个 0 到 255 范围内的十六进制偶数对应字符串（0x..）的列表。其中 " +":keyword:`if` 子句是可选的，如果省略则 ``range(256)`` 中的所有元素都会被处理。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:806 +msgid "loader" +msgstr "loader -- 加载器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:808 +msgid "" +"An object that loads a module. It must define the :meth:`!exec_module` and " +":meth:`!create_module` methods to implement the " +":class:`~importlib.abc.Loader` interface. A loader is typically returned by " +"a :term:`finder`. See also:" +msgstr "" +"负责加载模块的对象。 它必须定义 :meth:`!exec_module` 和 :meth:`!create_module` 方法以实现 " +":class:`~importlib.abc.Loader` 接口。 加载器通常由一个 :term:`finder` 返回。 另请参阅：" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:814 +msgid ":ref:`finders-and-loaders`" +msgstr ":ref:`finders-and-loaders`" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:815 +msgid ":class:`importlib.abc.Loader`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.abc.Loader`" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:816 +msgid ":pep:`302`" +msgstr ":pep:`302`" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:817 +msgid "locale encoding" +msgstr "locale encoding -- 语言区域编码格式" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:819 +msgid "" +"On Unix, it is the encoding of the LC_CTYPE locale. It can be set with " +":func:`locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, new_locale) `." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，它是 LC_CTYPE 语言区域的编码格式。 它可以通过 " +":func:`locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, new_locale) ` " +"来设置。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:822 +msgid "On Windows, it is the ANSI code page (ex: ``\"cp1252\"``)." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，它是 ANSI 代码页 (如: ``\"cp1252\"``)。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:824 +msgid "On Android and VxWorks, Python uses ``\"utf-8\"`` as the locale encoding." +msgstr "在 Android 和 VxWorks 上，Python 使用 ``\"utf-8\"`` 作为语言区域编码格式。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:826 +msgid ":func:`locale.getencoding` can be used to get the locale encoding." +msgstr ":func:`locale.getencoding` 可被用来获取语言区域编码格式。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:828 +msgid "See also the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:829 +msgid "magic method" +msgstr "magic method -- 魔术方法" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:833 +msgid "An informal synonym for :term:`special method`." +msgstr ":term:`special method` 的非正式同义词 。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:834 +msgid "mapping" +msgstr "mapping -- 映射" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:836 +msgid "" +"A container object that supports arbitrary key lookups and implements the " +"methods specified in the :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` or " +":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` :ref:`abstract base classes " +"`. Examples include :class:`dict`, " +":class:`collections.defaultdict`, :class:`collections.OrderedDict` and " +":class:`collections.Counter`." +msgstr "" +"一种支持任意键查找并实现了 :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 或 " +":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` :ref:`抽象基类 ` 所规定方法的容器对象。 此类对象的例子包括 :class:`dict`, " +":class:`collections.defaultdict`, :class:`collections.OrderedDict` 以及 " +":class:`collections.Counter`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:842 +msgid "meta path finder" +msgstr "meta path finder -- 元路径查找器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:844 +msgid "" +"A :term:`finder` returned by a search of :data:`sys.meta_path`. Meta path " +"finders are related to, but different from :term:`path entry finders `." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.meta_path` 的搜索所返回的 :term:`finder`。元路径查找器与 :term:`path entry " +"finders ` 存在关联但并不相同。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:848 +msgid "" +"See :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` for the methods that meta path " +"finders implement." +msgstr "请查看 :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` 了解元路径查找器所实现的方法。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:850 +msgid "metaclass" +msgstr "metaclass -- 元类" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:852 +msgid "" +"The class of a class. Class definitions create a class name, a class " +"dictionary, and a list of base classes. The metaclass is responsible for " +"taking those three arguments and creating the class. Most object oriented " +"programming languages provide a default implementation. What makes Python " +"special is that it is possible to create custom metaclasses. Most users " +"never need this tool, but when the need arises, metaclasses can provide " +"powerful, elegant solutions. They have been used for logging attribute " +"access, adding thread-safety, tracking object creation, implementing " +"singletons, and many other tasks." +msgstr "" +"一种用于创建类的类。类定义包含类名、类字典和基类列表。元类负责接受上述三个参数并创建相应的类。大部分面向对象的编程语言都会提供一个默认实现。Python" +" " +"的特别之处在于可以创建自定义元类。大部分用户永远不需要这个工具，但当需要出现时，元类可提供强大而优雅的解决方案。它们已被用于记录属性访问日志、添加线程安全性、跟踪对象创建、实现单例，以及其他许多任务。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:862 +msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`metaclasses`." +msgstr "更多详情参见 :ref:`metaclasses`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:831 ../../glossary.rst:863 ../../glossary.rst:1231 +msgid "method" +msgstr "method -- 方法" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:865 +msgid "" +"A function which is defined inside a class body. If called as an attribute " +"of an instance of that class, the method will get the instance object as its" +" first :term:`argument` (which is usually called ``self``). See " +":term:`function` and :term:`nested scope`." +msgstr "" +"在类内部定义的函数。如果作为该类的实例的一个属性来调用，方法将会获取实例对象作为其第一个 :term:`argument` (通常命名为 " +"``self``)。参见 :term:`function` 和 :term:`nested scope`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:869 +msgid "method resolution order" +msgstr "method resolution order -- 方法解析顺序" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:871 +msgid "" +"Method Resolution Order is the order in which base classes are searched for " +"a member during lookup. See :ref:`python_2.3_mro` for details of the " +"algorithm used by the Python interpreter since the 2.3 release." +msgstr "" +"方法解析顺序就是在查找成员时搜索基类的顺序。 请参阅 :ref:`python_2.3_mro` 了解自 2.3 发布版起 Python " +"解释器所使用算法的详情。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:874 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module -- 模块" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:876 +msgid "" +"An object that serves as an organizational unit of Python code. Modules " +"have a namespace containing arbitrary Python objects. Modules are loaded " +"into Python by the process of :term:`importing`." +msgstr "" +"此对象是 Python 代码的一种组织单位。各模块具有独立的命名空间，可包含任意 Python 对象。模块可通过 :term:`importing` " +"操作被加载到 Python 中。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:880 +msgid "See also :term:`package`." +msgstr "另见 :term:`package`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:881 +msgid "module spec" +msgstr "module spec -- 模块规格" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:883 +msgid "" +"A namespace containing the import-related information used to load a module." +" An instance of :class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`." +msgstr "" +"一个命名空间，其中包含用于加载模块的相关导入信息。是 :class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` 的实例。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:886 +msgid "See also :ref:`module-specs`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`module-specs`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:887 +msgid "MRO" +msgstr "MRO" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:889 +msgid "See :term:`method resolution order`." +msgstr "参见 :term:`method resolution order`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:890 +msgid "mutable" +msgstr "mutable -- 可变对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:892 +msgid "" +"Mutable objects can change their value but keep their :func:`id`. See also " +":term:`immutable`." +msgstr "可变对象可以在其 :func:`id` 保持固定的情况下改变其取值。另请参见 :term:`immutable`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:894 +msgid "named tuple" +msgstr "named tuple -- 具名元组" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:896 +msgid "" +"The term \"named tuple\" applies to any type or class that inherits from " +"tuple and whose indexable elements are also accessible using named " +"attributes. The type or class may have other features as well." +msgstr "术语“具名元组”可用于任何继承自元组，并且其中的可索引元素还能使用名称属性来访问的类型或类。 这样的类型或类还可能拥有其他特性。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:900 +msgid "" +"Several built-in types are named tuples, including the values returned by " +":func:`time.localtime` and :func:`os.stat`. Another example is " +":data:`sys.float_info`::" +msgstr "" +"有些内置类型属于具名元组，包括 :func:`time.localtime` 和 :func:`os.stat` 的返回值。 另一个例子是 " +":data:`sys.float_info`::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:904 +msgid "" +">>> sys.float_info[1] # indexed access\n" +"1024\n" +">>> sys.float_info.max_exp # named field access\n" +"1024\n" +">>> isinstance(sys.float_info, tuple) # kind of tuple\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> sys.float_info[1] # 索引访问\n" +"1024\n" +">>> sys.float_info.max_exp # 命名字段访问\n" +"1024\n" +">>> isinstance(sys.float_info, tuple) # 属于元组\n" +"True" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:911 +msgid "" +"Some named tuples are built-in types (such as the above examples). " +"Alternatively, a named tuple can be created from a regular class definition " +"that inherits from :class:`tuple` and that defines named fields. Such a " +"class can be written by hand, or it can be created by inheriting " +":class:`typing.NamedTuple`, or with the factory function " +":func:`collections.namedtuple`. The latter techniques also add some extra " +"methods that may not be found in hand-written or built-in named tuples." +msgstr "" +"有些具名元组是内置类型（比如上面的例子）。 此外，具名元组还可通过常规类定义从 :class:`tuple` 继承并定义指定名称的字段的方式来创建。 " +"这样的类可以手工编号，或者也可以通过继承 :class:`typing.NamedTuple`，或者使用工厂函数 " +":func:`collections.namedtuple` 来创建。 后一种方式还会添加一些手工编写或内置的具名元组所没有的额外方法。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:919 +msgid "namespace" +msgstr "namespace -- 命名空间" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:921 +msgid "" +"The place where a variable is stored. Namespaces are implemented as " +"dictionaries. There are the local, global and built-in namespaces as well " +"as nested namespaces in objects (in methods). Namespaces support modularity" +" by preventing naming conflicts. For instance, the functions " +":func:`builtins.open <.open>` and :func:`os.open` are distinguished by their" +" namespaces. Namespaces also aid readability and maintainability by making " +"it clear which module implements a function. For instance, writing " +":func:`random.seed` or :func:`itertools.islice` makes it clear that those " +"functions are implemented by the :mod:`random` and :mod:`itertools` modules," +" respectively." +msgstr "" +"命名空间是存放变量的场所。命名空间有局部、全局和内置的，还有对象中的嵌套命名空间（在方法之内）。命名空间通过防止命名冲突来支持模块化。例如，函数 " +":func:`builtins.open <.open>` 与 :func:`os.open` " +"可通过各自的命名空间来区分。命名空间还通过明确哪个模块实现那个函数来帮助提高可读性和可维护性。例如，:func:`random.seed` 或 " +":func:`itertools.islice` 这种写法明确了这些函数是由 :mod:`random` 与 :mod:`itertools` " +"模块分别实现的。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:931 +msgid "namespace package" +msgstr "namespace package -- 命名空间包" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:933 +msgid "" +"A :term:`package` which serves only as a container for subpackages. " +"Namespace packages may have no physical representation, and specifically are" +" not like a :term:`regular package` because they have no ``__init__.py`` " +"file." +msgstr "" +"一种仅被用作子包的容器的 :term:`package`。 命名空间包可以没有实体表示物，具体而言就是不同于 :term:`regular " +"package` 因为它们没有 ``__init__.py`` 文件。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:938 +msgid "" +"Namespace packages allow several individually installable packages to have a" +" common parent package. Otherwise, it is recommended to use a :term:`regular" +" package`." +msgstr "命名空间包允许几个可单独安装的包具有共同的父包。 在其他情况下，则推荐使用 :term:`regular package`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:941 +msgid "" +"For more information, see :pep:`420` and :ref:`reference-namespace-package`." +msgstr "要了解更多信息，请参阅 :pep:`420` 和 :ref:`reference-namespace-package`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:943 +msgid "See also :term:`module`." +msgstr "另可参见 :term:`module`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:944 +msgid "nested scope" +msgstr "nested scope -- 嵌套作用域" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:946 +msgid "" +"The ability to refer to a variable in an enclosing definition. For " +"instance, a function defined inside another function can refer to variables " +"in the outer function. Note that nested scopes by default work only for " +"reference and not for assignment. Local variables both read and write in " +"the innermost scope. Likewise, global variables read and write to the " +"global namespace. The :keyword:`nonlocal` allows writing to outer scopes." +msgstr "" +"在一个定义范围内引用变量的能力。例如，在另一函数之内定义的函数可以引用前者的变量。请注意嵌套作用域默认只对引用有效而对赋值无效。局部变量的读写都受限于最内层作用域。类似的，全局变量的读写则作用于全局命名空间。通过" +" :keyword:`nonlocal` 关键字可允许写入外层作用域。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:953 +msgid "new-style class" +msgstr "new-style class -- 新式类" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:955 +msgid "" +"Old name for the flavor of classes now used for all class objects. In " +"earlier Python versions, only new-style classes could use Python's newer, " +"versatile features like :attr:`~object.__slots__`, descriptors, properties, " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__`, class methods, and static methods." +msgstr "" +"对目前已被应用于所有类对象的类形式的旧称谓。 在较早的 Python 版本中，只有新式类能够使用 Python 新增的更灵活我，如 " +":attr:`~object.__slots__`、描述器、特征属性、:meth:`~object.__getattribute__`、类方法和静态方法等。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:960 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:962 +msgid "" +"Any data with state (attributes or value) and defined behavior (methods). " +"Also the ultimate base class of any :term:`new-style class`." +msgstr "" +"任何具有状态（属性或值）以及预定义行为（方法）的数据。object 也是任何 :term:`new-style class` 的最顶层基类名。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:965 +msgid "optimized scope" +msgstr "optimized scope -- 已优化的作用域" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:967 +msgid "" +"A scope where target local variable names are reliably known to the compiler" +" when the code is compiled, allowing optimization of read and write access " +"to these names. The local namespaces for functions, generators, coroutines, " +"comprehensions, and generator expressions are optimized in this fashion. " +"Note: most interpreter optimizations are applied to all scopes, only those " +"relying on a known set of local and nonlocal variable names are restricted " +"to optimized scopes." +msgstr "" +"当代码被编译时编译器已充分知晓目标局部变量名称的作用域，这允许对这些名称的读写进行优化。 " +"针对函数、生成器、协程、推导式和生成器表达式的局部命名空间都是这样的已优化作用域。 " +"注意：大部分解释器优化将应用于所有作用域，只有那些依赖于已知的局部和非局部变量名称集合的优化会仅限于已优化的作用域。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:974 +msgid "package" +msgstr "package -- 包" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:976 +msgid "" +"A Python :term:`module` which can contain submodules or recursively, " +"subpackages. Technically, a package is a Python module with a ``__path__`` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" +"一种可包含子模块或递归地包含子包的 Python :term:`module`。 从技术上说，包是具有 ``__path__`` 属性的 Python " +"模块。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:980 +msgid "See also :term:`regular package` and :term:`namespace package`." +msgstr "另参见 :term:`regular package` 和 :term:`namespace package`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:981 +msgid "parameter" +msgstr "parameter -- 形参" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:983 +msgid "" +"A named entity in a :term:`function` (or method) definition that specifies " +"an :term:`argument` (or in some cases, arguments) that the function can " +"accept. There are five kinds of parameter:" +msgstr "" +":term:`function` （或方法）定义中的命名实体，它指定函数可以接受的一个 :term:`argument` " +"（或在某些情况下，多个实参）。有五种形参：" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:987 +msgid "" +":dfn:`positional-or-keyword`: specifies an argument that can be passed " +"either :term:`positionally ` or as a :term:`keyword argument " +"`. This is the default kind of parameter, for example *foo* and " +"*bar* in the following::" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`positional-or-keyword`：位置或关键字，指定一个可以作为 :term:`位置参数 ` 传入也可以作为" +" :term:`关键字参数 ` 传入的实参。这是默认的形参类型，例如下面的 *foo* 和 *bar*::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:992 +msgid "def func(foo, bar=None): ..." +msgstr "def func(foo, bar=None): ..." + +#: ../../glossary.rst:996 +msgid "" +":dfn:`positional-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by " +"position. Positional-only parameters can be defined by including a ``/`` " +"character in the parameter list of the function definition after them, for " +"example *posonly1* and *posonly2* in the following::" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`positional-only`：仅限位置，指定一个只能通过位置传入的参数。 仅限位置形参可通过在函数定义的形参列表中它们之后包含一个 " +"``/`` 字符来定义，例如下面的 *posonly1* 和 *posonly2*::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1001 +msgid "def func(posonly1, posonly2, /, positional_or_keyword): ..." +msgstr "def func(posonly1, posonly2, /, positional_or_keyword): ..." + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1005 +msgid "" +":dfn:`keyword-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by " +"keyword. Keyword-only parameters can be defined by including a single var-" +"positional parameter or bare ``*`` in the parameter list of the function " +"definition before them, for example *kw_only1* and *kw_only2* in the " +"following::" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`keyword-" +"only`：仅限关键字，指定一个只能通过关键字传入的参数。仅限关键字形参可通过在函数定义的形参列表中包含单个可变位置形参或者在多个可变位置形参之前放一个" +" ``*`` 来定义，例如下面的 *kw_only1* 和 *kw_only2*::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1011 +msgid "def func(arg, *, kw_only1, kw_only2): ..." +msgstr "def func(arg, *, kw_only1, kw_only2): ..." + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1013 +msgid "" +":dfn:`var-positional`: specifies that an arbitrary sequence of positional " +"arguments can be provided (in addition to any positional arguments already " +"accepted by other parameters). Such a parameter can be defined by " +"prepending the parameter name with ``*``, for example *args* in the " +"following::" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`var-" +"positional`：可变位置，指定可以提供由一个任意数量的位置参数构成的序列（附加在其他形参已接受的位置参数之后）。这种形参可通过在形参名称前加缀 " +"``*`` 来定义，例如下面的 *args*::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1019 +msgid "def func(*args, **kwargs): ..." +msgstr "def func(*args, **kwargs): ..." + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1021 +msgid "" +":dfn:`var-keyword`: specifies that arbitrarily many keyword arguments can be" +" provided (in addition to any keyword arguments already accepted by other " +"parameters). Such a parameter can be defined by prepending the parameter " +"name with ``**``, for example *kwargs* in the example above." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`var-" +"keyword`：可变关键字，指定可以提供任意数量的关键字参数（附加在其他形参已接受的关键字参数之后）。这种形参可通过在形参名称前加缀 ``**`` " +"来定义，例如上面的 *kwargs*。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"Parameters can specify both optional and required arguments, as well as " +"default values for some optional arguments." +msgstr "形参可以同时指定可选和必选参数，也可以为某些可选参数指定默认值。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"See also the :term:`argument` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the " +"difference between arguments and parameters `, " +"the :class:`inspect.Parameter` class, the :ref:`function` section, and " +":pep:`362`." +msgstr "" +"另参见 :term:`argument` 术语表条目、:ref:`参数与形参的区别 ` " +"中的常见问题、:class:`inspect.Parameter` 类、:ref:`function` 一节以及 :pep:`362`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1034 +msgid "path entry" +msgstr "path entry -- 路径入口" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"A single location on the :term:`import path` which the :term:`path based " +"finder` consults to find modules for importing." +msgstr ":term:`import path` 中的一个单独位置，会被 :term:`path based finder` 用来查找要导入的模块。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1038 +msgid "path entry finder" +msgstr "path entry finder -- 路径入口查找器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1040 +msgid "" +"A :term:`finder` returned by a callable on :data:`sys.path_hooks` (i.e. a " +":term:`path entry hook`) which knows how to locate modules given a " +":term:`path entry`." +msgstr "" +"任一可调用对象使用 :data:`sys.path_hooks` (即 :term:`path entry hook`) 返回的 " +":term:`finder`，此种对象能通过 :term:`path entry` 来定位模块。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1044 +msgid "" +"See :class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` for the methods that path entry " +"finders implement." +msgstr "请参看 :class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` 以了解路径入口查找器所实现的各个方法。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1046 +msgid "path entry hook" +msgstr "path entry hook -- 路径入口钩子" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"A callable on the :data:`sys.path_hooks` list which returns a :term:`path " +"entry finder` if it knows how to find modules on a specific :term:`path " +"entry`." +msgstr "" +"一种可调用对象，它在知道如何查找特定 :term:`path entry` 中的模块的情况下能够使用 :data:`sys.path_hooks` " +"列表返回一个 :term:`path entry finder`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1051 +msgid "path based finder" +msgstr "path based finder -- 基于路径的查找器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"One of the default :term:`meta path finders ` which " +"searches an :term:`import path` for modules." +msgstr "" +"默认的一种 :term:`元路径查找器 `，可在一个 :term:`import path` 中查找模块。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1055 +msgid "path-like object" +msgstr "path-like object -- 路径类对象" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"An object representing a file system path. A path-like object is either a " +":class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object representing a path, or an object " +"implementing the :class:`os.PathLike` protocol. An object that supports the " +":class:`os.PathLike` protocol can be converted to a :class:`str` or " +":class:`bytes` file system path by calling the :func:`os.fspath` function; " +":func:`os.fsdecode` and :func:`os.fsencode` can be used to guarantee a " +":class:`str` or :class:`bytes` result instead, respectively. Introduced by " +":pep:`519`." +msgstr "" +"代表一个文件系统路径的对象。路径类对象可以是一个表示路径的 :class:`str` 或者 :class:`bytes` 对象，还可以是一个实现了 " +":class:`os.PathLike` 协议的对象。一个支持 :class:`os.PathLike` 协议的对象可通过调用 " +":func:`os.fspath` 函数转换为 :class:`str` 或者 :class:`bytes` " +"类型的文件系统路径；:func:`os.fsdecode` 和 :func:`os.fsencode` 可被分别用来确保获得 :class:`str` " +"或 :class:`bytes` 类型的结果。此对象是由 :pep:`519` 引入的。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1065 +msgid "PEP" +msgstr "PEP" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1067 +msgid "" +"Python Enhancement Proposal. A PEP is a design document providing " +"information to the Python community, or describing a new feature for Python " +"or its processes or environment. PEPs should provide a concise technical " +"specification and a rationale for proposed features." +msgstr "" +"“Python 增强提议”的英文缩写。一个 PEP 就是一份设计文档，用来向 Python 社区提供信息，或描述一个 Python " +"的新增特性及其进度或环境。PEP 应当提供精确的技术规格和所提议特性的原理说明。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"PEPs are intended to be the primary mechanisms for proposing major new " +"features, for collecting community input on an issue, and for documenting " +"the design decisions that have gone into Python. The PEP author is " +"responsible for building consensus within the community and documenting " +"dissenting opinions." +msgstr "" +"PEP 应被作为提出主要新特性建议、收集社区对特定问题反馈以及为必须加入 Python 的设计决策编写文档的首选机制。PEP " +"的作者有责任在社区内部建立共识，并应将不同意见也记入文档。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1079 +msgid "See :pep:`1`." +msgstr "参见 :pep:`1`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1080 +msgid "portion" +msgstr "portion -- 部分" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"A set of files in a single directory (possibly stored in a zip file) that " +"contribute to a namespace package, as defined in :pep:`420`." +msgstr "构成一个命名空间包的单个目录内文件集合（也可能存放于一个 zip 文件内），具体定义见 :pep:`420`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1084 +msgid "positional argument" +msgstr "positional argument -- 位置参数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1087 +msgid "provisional API" +msgstr "provisional API -- 暂定 API" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"A provisional API is one which has been deliberately excluded from the " +"standard library's backwards compatibility guarantees. While major changes " +"to such interfaces are not expected, as long as they are marked provisional," +" backwards incompatible changes (up to and including removal of the " +"interface) may occur if deemed necessary by core developers. Such changes " +"will not be made gratuitously -- they will occur only if serious fundamental" +" flaws are uncovered that were missed prior to the inclusion of the API." +msgstr "" +"暂定 API " +"是指被有意排除在标准库的向后兼容性保证之外的应用编程接口。虽然此类接口通常不会再有重大改变，但只要其被标记为暂定，就可能在核心开发者确定有必要的情况下进行向后不兼容的更改（甚至包括移除该接口）。此种更改并不会随意进行" +" -- 仅在 API 被加入之前未考虑到的严重基础性缺陷被发现时才可能会这样做。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"Even for provisional APIs, backwards incompatible changes are seen as a " +"\"solution of last resort\" - every attempt will still be made to find a " +"backwards compatible resolution to any identified problems." +msgstr "" +"即便是对暂定 API 来说，向后不兼容的更改也会被视为“最后的解决方案” —— 任何问题被确认时都会尽可能先尝试找到一种向后兼容的解决方案。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"This process allows the standard library to continue to evolve over time, " +"without locking in problematic design errors for extended periods of time. " +"See :pep:`411` for more details." +msgstr "这种处理过程允许标准库持续不断地演进，不至于被有问题的长期性设计缺陷所困。详情见 :pep:`411`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1105 +msgid "provisional package" +msgstr "provisional package -- 暂定包" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1107 +msgid "See :term:`provisional API`." +msgstr "参见 :term:`provisional API`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1108 +msgid "Python 3000" +msgstr "Python 3000" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"Nickname for the Python 3.x release line (coined long ago when the release " +"of version 3 was something in the distant future.) This is also abbreviated" +" \"Py3k\"." +msgstr "Python 3.x 发布路线的昵称（这个名字在版本 3 的发布还遥遥无期的时候就已出现了）。有时也被缩写为“Py3k”。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1113 +msgid "Pythonic" +msgstr "Pythonic" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"An idea or piece of code which closely follows the most common idioms of the" +" Python language, rather than implementing code using concepts common to " +"other languages. For example, a common idiom in Python is to loop over all " +"elements of an iterable using a :keyword:`for` statement. Many other " +"languages don't have this type of construct, so people unfamiliar with " +"Python sometimes use a numerical counter instead::" +msgstr "" +"指一个思路或一段代码紧密遵循了 Python 语言最常用的风格和理念，而不是使用其他语言中通用的概念来实现代码。例如，Python 的常用风格是使用 " +":keyword:`for` 语句循环来遍历一个可迭代对象中的所有元素。许多其他语言没有这样的结构，因此不熟悉 Python " +"的人有时会选择使用一个数字计数器::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"for i in range(len(food)):\n" +" print(food[i])" +msgstr "" +"for i in range(len(food)):\n" +" print(food[i])" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1125 +msgid "As opposed to the cleaner, Pythonic method::" +msgstr "而相应的更简洁更 Pythonic 的方法是这样的::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"for piece in food:\n" +" print(piece)" +msgstr "" +"for piece in food:\n" +" print(piece)" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1129 +msgid "qualified name" +msgstr "qualified name -- 限定名称" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1131 +msgid "" +"A dotted name showing the \"path\" from a module's global scope to a class, " +"function or method defined in that module, as defined in :pep:`3155`. For " +"top-level functions and classes, the qualified name is the same as the " +"object's name::" +msgstr "" +"一个以点号分隔的名称，显示从模块的全局作用域到该模块中定义的某个类、函数或方法的“路径”，相关定义见 " +":pep:`3155`。对于最高层级的函数和类，限定名称与对象名称一致::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1136 +msgid "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... class D:\n" +"... def meth(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C.__qualname__\n" +"'C'\n" +">>> C.D.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D'\n" +">>> C.D.meth.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D.meth'" +msgstr "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... class D:\n" +"... def meth(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C.__qualname__\n" +"'C'\n" +">>> C.D.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D'\n" +">>> C.D.meth.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D.meth'" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"When used to refer to modules, the *fully qualified name* means the entire " +"dotted path to the module, including any parent packages, e.g. " +"``email.mime.text``::" +msgstr "" +"当被用于引用模块时，*完整限定名称* 意为标示该模块的以点号分隔的整个路径，其中包含其所有的父包，例如 ``email.mime.text``::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1152 +msgid "" +">>> import email.mime.text\n" +">>> email.mime.text.__name__\n" +"'email.mime.text'" +msgstr "" +">>> import email.mime.text\n" +">>> email.mime.text.__name__\n" +"'email.mime.text'" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1155 +msgid "reference count" +msgstr "reference count -- 引用计数" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1157 +msgid "" +"The number of references to an object. When the reference count of an " +"object drops to zero, it is deallocated. Some objects are :term:`immortal` " +"and have reference counts that are never modified, and therefore the objects" +" are never deallocated. Reference counting is generally not visible to " +"Python code, but it is a key element of the :term:`CPython` implementation." +" Programmers can call the :func:`sys.getrefcount` function to return the " +"reference count for a particular object." +msgstr "" +"指向某个对象的引用的数量。 当一个对象的引用计数降为零时，它就会被释放。 特殊的 :term:`immortal` " +"对象具有永远不会被修改的引用计数，因此这种对象永远不会被释放。 引用计数对 Python 代码来说通常是不可见的，但它是 :term:`CPython`" +" 实现的一个关键元素。 程序员可以调用 :func:`sys.getrefcount` 函数来返回特定对象的引用计数。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1165 +msgid "regular package" +msgstr "regular package -- 常规包" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1167 +msgid "" +"A traditional :term:`package`, such as a directory containing an " +"``__init__.py`` file." +msgstr "传统型的 :term:`package`，例如包含有一个 ``__init__.py`` 文件的目录。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1170 +msgid "See also :term:`namespace package`." +msgstr "另参见 :term:`namespace package`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1171 +msgid "REPL" +msgstr "REPL" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1173 +msgid "" +"An acronym for the \"read–eval–print loop\", another name for the " +":term:`interactive` interpreter shell." +msgstr "" +"“读取-求值-打印循环”read-eval-print loop的缩写，:term:`interactive` 解释器 shell 的另一个名字。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1175 +msgid "__slots__" +msgstr "__slots__" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"A declaration inside a class that saves memory by pre-declaring space for " +"instance attributes and eliminating instance dictionaries. Though popular, " +"the technique is somewhat tricky to get right and is best reserved for rare " +"cases where there are large numbers of instances in a memory-critical " +"application." +msgstr "" +"一种写在类内部的声明，通过预先声明实例属性等对象并移除实例字典来节省内存。虽然这种技巧很流行，但想要用好却并不容易，最好是只保留在少数情况下采用，例如极耗内存的应用程序，并且其中包含大量实例。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1182 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence -- 序列" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"An :term:`iterable` which supports efficient element access using integer " +"indices via the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` special method and defines a " +":meth:`~object.__len__` method that returns the length of the sequence. Some" +" built-in sequence types are :class:`list`, :class:`str`, :class:`tuple`, " +"and :class:`bytes`. Note that :class:`dict` also supports " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` and :meth:`!__len__`, but is considered a " +"mapping rather than a sequence because the lookups use arbitrary " +":term:`hashable` keys rather than integers." +msgstr "" +"一种 :term:`iterable`，它支持通过 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"特殊方法来使用整数索引进行高效的元素访问，并定义了一个返回序列长度的 :meth:`~object.__len__` 方法。 内置序列类型有 " +":class:`list`, :class:`str`, :class:`tuple` 和 :class:`bytes` 等。 请注意虽然 " +":class:`dict` 也支持 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 和 " +":meth:`!__len__`，但它被归类为映射而非序列，因为它使用任意的 :term:`hashable` 键而不是整数来查找元素。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1193 +msgid "" +"The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` abstract base class defines a much " +"richer interface that goes beyond just :meth:`~object.__getitem__` and " +":meth:`~object.__len__`, adding :meth:`!count`, :meth:`!index`, " +":meth:`~object.__contains__`, and :meth:`~object.__reversed__`. Types that " +"implement this expanded interface can be registered explicitly using " +":func:`~abc.ABCMeta.register`. For more documentation on sequence methods " +"generally, see :ref:`Common Sequence Operations `." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 抽象基类定义了一个更丰富的接口，它在 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 和 :meth:`~object.__len__` 之外，还添加了 " +":meth:`!count`, :meth:`!index`, :meth:`~object.__contains__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__reversed__`。 实现此扩展接口的类型可以使用 :func:`~abc.ABCMeta.register` " +"来显式地注册。 要获取有关通用序列方法的更多文档，请参阅 :ref:`通用序列操作 `。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1202 +msgid "set comprehension" +msgstr "set comprehension -- 集合推导式" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"A compact way to process all or part of the elements in an iterable and " +"return a set with the results. ``results = {c for c in 'abracadabra' if c " +"not in 'abc'}`` generates the set of strings ``{'r', 'd'}``. See " +":ref:`comprehensions`." +msgstr "" +"处理一个可迭代对象中的所有或部分元素并返回结果集合的一种紧凑写法。 ``results = {c for c in 'abracadabra' if c" +" not in 'abc'}`` 将生成字符串集合 ``{'r', 'd'}``。 参见 :ref:`comprehensions`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1208 +msgid "single dispatch" +msgstr "single dispatch -- 单分派" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"A form of :term:`generic function` dispatch where the implementation is " +"chosen based on the type of a single argument." +msgstr "一种 :term:`generic function` 分派形式，其实现是基于单个参数的类型来选择的。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1212 +msgid "slice" +msgstr "slice -- 切片" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"An object usually containing a portion of a :term:`sequence`. A slice is " +"created using the subscript notation, ``[]`` with colons between numbers " +"when several are given, such as in ``variable_name[1:3:5]``. The bracket " +"(subscript) notation uses :class:`slice` objects internally." +msgstr "" +"通常只包含了特定 :term:`sequence` 的一部分的对象。切片是通过使用下标标记来创建的，在 ``[]`` 中给出几个以冒号分隔的数字，例如 " +"``variable_name[1:3:5]``。方括号（下标）标记在内部使用 :class:`slice` 对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1218 +msgid "soft deprecated" +msgstr "soft deprecated -- 软弃用" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1220 +msgid "" +"A soft deprecated API should not be used in new code, but it is safe for " +"already existing code to use it. The API remains documented and tested, but " +"will not be enhanced further." +msgstr "" +"被软弃用的 API 不应在新编写的代码中使用，但在已有代码中使用仍是安全的。 这样的 API 将保留在文档中并被测试，但不会再获得进一步的功能增强。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1224 +msgid "" +"Soft deprecation, unlike normal deprecation, does not plan on removing the " +"API and will not emit warnings." +msgstr "与普通的弃用不同，软弃用没有 API 移除计划也不会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"See `PEP 387: Soft Deprecation `_." +msgstr "" +"参见 `PEP 387: Soft Deprecation `_。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1229 +msgid "special method" +msgstr "special method -- 特殊方法" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"A method that is called implicitly by Python to execute a certain operation " +"on a type, such as addition. Such methods have names starting and ending " +"with double underscores. Special methods are documented in " +":ref:`specialnames`." +msgstr "" +"一种由 Python 隐式调用的方法，用来对某个类型执行特定操作例如相加等等。这种方法的名称的首尾都为双下划线。特殊方法的文档参见 " +":ref:`specialnames`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1237 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1239 +msgid "" +"A statement is part of a suite (a \"block\" of code). A statement is either" +" an :term:`expression` or one of several constructs with a keyword, such as " +":keyword:`if`, :keyword:`while` or :keyword:`for`." +msgstr "" +"语句是程序段（一个代码“块”）的组成单位。一条语句可以是一个 :term:`expression` 或某个带有关键字的结构，例如 " +":keyword:`if`、:keyword:`while` 或 :keyword:`for`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1242 +msgid "static type checker" +msgstr "static type checker -- 静态类型检查器" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"An external tool that reads Python code and analyzes it, looking for issues " +"such as incorrect types. See also :term:`type hints ` and the " +":mod:`typing` module." +msgstr "" +"读取 Python 代码并进行分析，以查找问题例如拼写错误的外部工具。 另请参阅 :term:`类型提示 ` 以及 " +":mod:`typing` 模块。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1247 +msgid "strong reference" +msgstr "strong reference -- 强引用" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1249 +msgid "" +"In Python's C API, a strong reference is a reference to an object which is " +"owned by the code holding the reference. The strong reference is taken by " +"calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF` when the reference is created and released with " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` when the reference is deleted." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 的 C API 中，强引用是指为持有引用的代码所拥有的对象的引用。 在创建引用时可通过调用 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` " +"来获取强引用而在删除引用时可通过 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 来释放它。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1255 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_NewRef` function can be used to create a strong reference to" +" an object. Usually, the :c:func:`Py_DECREF` function must be called on the " +"strong reference before exiting the scope of the strong reference, to avoid " +"leaking one reference." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_NewRef` 函数可被用于创建一个对象的强引用。 通常，必须在退出某个强引用的作用域时在该强引用上调用 " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` 函数，以避免引用的泄漏。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1260 +msgid "See also :term:`borrowed reference`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :term:`borrowed reference`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1261 +msgid "text encoding" +msgstr "text encoding -- 文本编码格式" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"A string in Python is a sequence of Unicode code points (in range " +"``U+0000``--``U+10FFFF``). To store or transfer a string, it needs to be " +"serialized as a sequence of bytes." +msgstr "" +"在Python中，一个字符串是一串 Unicode 代码点（范围为 ``U+0000``--``U+10FFFF``）。 " +"为了存储或传输一个字符串，它需要被序列化为一串字节。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Serializing a string into a sequence of bytes is known as \"encoding\", and " +"recreating the string from the sequence of bytes is known as \"decoding\"." +msgstr "将一个字符串序列化为一个字节序列被称为“编码”，而从字节序列中重新创建字符串被称为“解码”。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"There are a variety of different text serialization :ref:`codecs `, which are collectively referred to as \"text encodings\"." +msgstr "有各种不同的文本序列化 :ref:`编码器 ` ，它们被统称为 \"文本编码格式\"。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1273 +msgid "text file" +msgstr "text file -- 文本文件" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"A :term:`file object` able to read and write :class:`str` objects. Often, a " +"text file actually accesses a byte-oriented datastream and handles the " +":term:`text encoding` automatically. Examples of text files are files opened" +" in text mode (``'r'`` or ``'w'``), :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout`, " +"and instances of :class:`io.StringIO`." +msgstr "" +"一种能够读写 :class:`str` 对象的 :term:`file object`。通常一个文本文件实际是访问一个面向字节的数据流并自动处理 " +":term:`text encoding`。文本文件的例子包括以文本模式（``'r'`` 或 " +"``'w'``）打开的文件、:data:`sys.stdin`、:data:`sys.stdout` 以及 :class:`io.StringIO` " +"的实例。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1282 +msgid "" +"See also :term:`binary file` for a file object able to read and write " +":term:`bytes-like objects `." +msgstr "" +"另请参看 :term:`binary file` 了解能够读写 :term:`字节型对象 ` 的文件对象。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1284 +msgid "token" +msgstr "形符" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"A small unit of source code, generated by the :ref:`lexical analyzer " +"` (also called the *tokenizer*). Names, numbers, strings, " +"operators, newlines and similar are represented by tokens." +msgstr "" +"一个源代码小单元，由 :ref:`词法分析器 ` (或称 *分词器*) 生成。 名称、数字、字符串、运算符、换行符等均由词元来表示。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tokenize` module exposes Python's lexical analyzer. The " +":mod:`token` module contains information on the various types of tokens." +msgstr ":mod:`tokenize` 模块对外暴露了 Python 的词法分析器。 :mod:`token` 模块包含了有关各种词元类型的信息。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1295 +msgid "triple-quoted string" +msgstr "triple-quoted string -- 三引号字符串" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1297 +msgid "" +"A string which is bound by three instances of either a quotation mark (\") " +"or an apostrophe ('). While they don't provide any functionality not " +"available with single-quoted strings, they are useful for a number of " +"reasons. They allow you to include unescaped single and double quotes " +"within a string and they can span multiple lines without the use of the " +"continuation character, making them especially useful when writing " +"docstrings." +msgstr "" +"首尾各带三个连续双引号（\"）或者单引号（'）的字符串。它们在功能上与首尾各用一个引号标注的字符串没有什么不同，但是有多种用处。它们允许你在字符串内包含未经转义的单引号和双引号，并且可以跨越多行而无需使用连接符，在编写文档字符串时特别好用。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1304 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type -- 类型" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"The type of a Python object determines what kind of object it is; every " +"object has a type. An object's type is accessible as its " +":attr:`~object.__class__` attribute or can be retrieved with ``type(obj)``." +msgstr "" +"Python 对象的类型决定它属于什么种类；每个对象都具有特定的类型。 对象的类型可通过其 :attr:`~object.__class__` " +"属性来访问或是用 ``type(obj)`` 来获取。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1310 +msgid "type alias" +msgstr "type alias -- 类型别名" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1312 +msgid "A synonym for a type, created by assigning the type to an identifier." +msgstr "一个类型的同义词，创建方式是把类型赋值给特定的标识符。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"Type aliases are useful for simplifying :term:`type hints `. For " +"example::" +msgstr "类型别名的作用是简化 :term:`类型注解 `。例如::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"def remove_gray_shades(\n" +" colors: list[tuple[int, int, int]]) -> list[tuple[int, int, int]]:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"def remove_gray_shades(\n" +" colors: list[tuple[int, int, int]]) -> list[tuple[int, int, int]]:\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1321 +msgid "could be made more readable like this::" +msgstr "可以这样提高可读性::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"Color = tuple[int, int, int]\n" +"\n" +"def remove_gray_shades(colors: list[Color]) -> list[Color]:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"Color = tuple[int, int, int]\n" +"\n" +"def remove_gray_shades(colors: list[Color]) -> list[Color]:\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1328 ../../glossary.rst:1342 +msgid "See :mod:`typing` and :pep:`484`, which describe this functionality." +msgstr "参见 :mod:`typing` 和 :pep:`484`，其中有对此功能的详细描述。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1329 +msgid "type hint" +msgstr "type hint -- 类型注解" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"An :term:`annotation` that specifies the expected type for a variable, a " +"class attribute, or a function parameter or return value." +msgstr ":term:`annotation` 为变量、类属性、函数的形参或返回值指定预期的类型。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"Type hints are optional and are not enforced by Python but they are useful " +"to :term:`static type checkers `. They can also aid " +"IDEs with code completion and refactoring." +msgstr "" +"类型提示是可选的而不是 Python 的强制要求，但它们对 :term:`静态类型检查器 ` 很有用处。 " +"它们还能协助 IDE 实现代码补全与重构。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1338 +msgid "" +"Type hints of global variables, class attributes, and functions, but not " +"local variables, can be accessed using :func:`typing.get_type_hints`." +msgstr "全局变量、类属性和函数的类型注解可以使用 :func:`typing.get_type_hints` 来访问，但局部变量则不可以。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1343 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"A manner of interpreting text streams in which all of the following are " +"recognized as ending a line: the Unix end-of-line convention ``'\\n'``, the " +"Windows convention ``'\\r\\n'``, and the old Macintosh convention ``'\\r'``." +" See :pep:`278` and :pep:`3116`, as well as :func:`bytes.splitlines` for an" +" additional use." +msgstr "" +"一种解读文本流的方式，将以下所有符号都识别为行结束标志：Unix 的行结束约定 ``'\\n'``、Windows 的约定 ``'\\r\\n'`` " +"以及旧版 Macintosh 的约定 ``'\\r'``。参见 :pep:`278` 和 :pep:`3116` 和 " +":func:`bytes.splitlines` 了解更多用法说明。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1350 +msgid "variable annotation" +msgstr "variable annotation -- 变量标注" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1352 +msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a variable or a class attribute." +msgstr "对变量或类属性的 :term:`annotation`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1354 +msgid "" +"When annotating a variable or a class attribute, assignment is optional::" +msgstr "在标注变量或类属性时，还可选择为其赋值::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" field: 'annotation'" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" field: 'annotation'" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1359 +msgid "" +"Variable annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints `: " +"for example this variable is expected to take :class:`int` values::" +msgstr "变量标注通常被用作 :term:`类型提示 `：例如以下变量预期接受 :class:`int` 类型的值::" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1363 +msgid "count: int = 0" +msgstr "count: int = 0" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1365 +msgid "Variable annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`annassign`." +msgstr "变量标注语法的详细解释见 :ref:`annassign` 一节。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1367 +msgid "" +"See :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` and :pep:`526`, which describe " +"this functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on " +"working with annotations." +msgstr "" +"参见 :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` 和 :pep:`526`，其中描述了此功能。 另请参阅 " +":ref:`annotations-howto` 以了解使用标注的最佳实践。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1371 +msgid "virtual environment" +msgstr "virtual environment -- 虚拟环境" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1373 +msgid "" +"A cooperatively isolated runtime environment that allows Python users and " +"applications to install and upgrade Python distribution packages without " +"interfering with the behaviour of other Python applications running on the " +"same system." +msgstr "" +"一种采用协作式隔离的运行时环境，允许 Python 用户和应用程序在安装和升级 Python 分发包时不会干扰到同一系统上运行的其他 Python " +"应用程序的行为。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1378 +msgid "See also :mod:`venv`." +msgstr "另参见 :mod:`venv`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1379 +msgid "virtual machine" +msgstr "virtual machine -- 虚拟机" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"A computer defined entirely in software. Python's virtual machine executes " +"the :term:`bytecode` emitted by the bytecode compiler." +msgstr "一台完全通过软件定义的计算机。Python 虚拟机可执行字节码编译器所生成的 :term:`bytecode`。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1383 +msgid "Zen of Python" +msgstr "Zen of Python -- Python 之禅" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"Listing of Python design principles and philosophies that are helpful in " +"understanding and using the language. The listing can be found by typing " +"\"``import this``\" at the interactive prompt." +msgstr "列出 Python 设计的原则与哲学，有助于理解与使用这种语言。查看其具体内容可在交互模式提示符中输入 \"``import this``\"。" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:292 +msgid "C-contiguous" +msgstr "C 连续" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:292 +msgid "Fortran contiguous" +msgstr "Fortran 连续" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:831 +msgid "magic" +msgstr "魔术" + +#: ../../glossary.rst:1231 +msgid "special" +msgstr "特殊" diff --git a/howto/annotations.po b/howto/annotations.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3c7f26d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/annotations.po @@ -0,0 +1,434 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# telnetning , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:5 +msgid "Annotations Best Practices" +msgstr "注解最佳实践" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:0 +msgid "author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:7 +msgid "Larry Hastings" +msgstr "Larry Hastings" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst-1 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "摘要" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This document is designed to encapsulate the best practices for working with" +" annotations dicts. If you write Python code that examines " +"``__annotations__`` on Python objects, we encourage you to follow the " +"guidelines described below." +msgstr "本文档旨在概括与注解字典打交道的最佳实践。查看 Python 对象的 ``__annotations__`` 的代码应遵循下面的准则。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The document is organized into four sections: best practices for accessing " +"the annotations of an object in Python versions 3.10 and newer, best " +"practices for accessing the annotations of an object in Python versions 3.9 " +"and older, other best practices for ``__annotations__`` that apply to any " +"Python version, and quirks of ``__annotations__``." +msgstr "" +"本文档按四部分组织：在 3.10 及更高版本的 Python 中查看对象注解的最佳实践、在 3.9 及更低版本的 Python " +"中查看对象注解的最佳实践、其它一些适于任何版本的 Python 的 ``__annotations__`` " +"的最佳实践、``__annotations__`` 的一些“坑”。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Note that this document is specifically about working with " +"``__annotations__``, not uses *for* annotations. If you're looking for " +"information on how to use \"type hints\" in your code, please see the " +":mod:`typing` module." +msgstr "" +"本文是 ``__annotations__`` 的文档，不是注解的用法。如果在寻找如何使用“类型提示”，请参阅 :mod:`typing` 模块。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:33 +msgid "Accessing The Annotations Dict Of An Object In Python 3.10 And Newer" +msgstr "在 3.10 及更高版本的 Python 中访问对象的注解字典" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Python 3.10 adds a new function to the standard library: " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations`. In Python versions 3.10 and newer, calling" +" this function is the best practice for accessing the annotations dict of " +"any object that supports annotations. This function can also \"un-" +"stringize\" stringized annotations for you." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.10 在标准库中加入了一个新函数：:func:`inspect.get_annotations`。在 3.10 及更高版本的 " +"Python 中，调用该函数就是访问任何支持注解的对象的注解字典的最佳实践。该函数还可以为你“解析”字符串化了的注解。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:42 +msgid "" +"If for some reason :func:`inspect.get_annotations` isn't viable for your use" +" case, you may access the ``__annotations__`` data member manually. Best " +"practice for this changed in Python 3.10 as well: as of Python 3.10, " +"``o.__annotations__`` is guaranteed to *always* work on Python functions, " +"classes, and modules. If you're certain the object you're examining is one " +"of these three *specific* objects, you may simply use ``o.__annotations__`` " +"to get at the object's annotations dict." +msgstr "" +"不用 :func:`inspect.get_annotations` 也可以手动访问``__annotations__`` " +"这一数据成员。该方法的最佳实践在 Python 3.10 中也发生了变化：从 Python 3.10 开始，对于 Python " +"函数、类和模块，``o.__annotations__`` *保证* 会正常工作。只要你确信所检查的对象是这三种之一，你便可以用 " +"``o.__annotations__`` 获取该对象的注解字典。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:52 +msgid "" +"However, other types of callables--for example, callables created by " +":func:`functools.partial`--may not have an ``__annotations__`` attribute " +"defined. When accessing the ``__annotations__`` of a possibly unknown " +"object, best practice in Python versions 3.10 and newer is to call " +":func:`getattr` with three arguments, for example ``getattr(o, " +"'__annotations__', None)``." +msgstr "" +"不过，其它类型的可调用对象可不一定定义了 ``__annotations__`` 属性，就比如说，:func:`functools.partial` " +"创建的可调用对象。当访问某个未知对象的 ``__annotations__`` 时，3.10 及更高版本的 Python 中的最佳实践是用三个参数去调用" +" :func:`getattr`，像 ``getattr(o, '__annotations__', None)`` 这样。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Before Python 3.10, accessing ``__annotations__`` on a class that defines no" +" annotations but that has a parent class with annotations would return the " +"parent's ``__annotations__``. In Python 3.10 and newer, the child class's " +"annotations will be an empty dict instead." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.10 之前，在一个没定义注解而其父类定义了注解的类上访问 ``__annotations__`` 将返回父类的 " +"``__annotations__``。在 3.10 及更高版本的 Python 中，这样的子类的注解是个空字典。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:68 +msgid "Accessing The Annotations Dict Of An Object In Python 3.9 And Older" +msgstr "在 3.9 及更低版本的 Python 中访问对象的注解字典" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:70 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.9 and older, accessing the annotations dict of an object is much" +" more complicated than in newer versions. The problem is a design flaw in " +"these older versions of Python, specifically to do with class annotations." +msgstr "在 3.9 及更低版本的 Python 中访问对象的注解字典要比新版复杂。这是低版本 Python 的设计缺陷，特别是类的注解。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Best practice for accessing the annotations dict of other objects--" +"functions, other callables, and modules--is the same as best practice for " +"3.10, assuming you aren't calling :func:`inspect.get_annotations`: you " +"should use three-argument :func:`getattr` to access the object's " +"``__annotations__`` attribute." +msgstr "" +"访问其它对象——函数、其它可调用对象和模块——的注解字典的最佳实践与 3.10 版本相同，如果不用 " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations`，就用三个参数去调用 :func:`getattr` 以访问对象的 " +"``__annotations__`` 属性。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, this isn't best practice for classes. The problem is that, " +"since ``__annotations__`` is optional on classes, and because classes can " +"inherit attributes from their base classes, accessing the " +"``__annotations__`` attribute of a class may inadvertently return the " +"annotations dict of a *base class.* As an example::" +msgstr "" +"不幸的是，对类而言，这并不是最佳实践。问题在于，由于 ``__annotations__`` " +"在某个类上是可有可无的，而类又可以从基类继承属性，所以访问某个类的 ``__annotations__`` 属性可能会无意间返回 *基类* " +"的注解字典。如：" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:89 +msgid "" +"class Base:\n" +" a: int = 3\n" +" b: str = 'abc'\n" +"\n" +"class Derived(Base):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"print(Derived.__annotations__)" +msgstr "" +"class Base:\n" +" a: int = 3\n" +" b: str = 'abc'\n" +"\n" +"class Derived(Base):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"print(Derived.__annotations__)" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:98 +msgid "This will print the annotations dict from ``Base``, not ``Derived``." +msgstr "会打印出 ``Base`` 的注解字典，而非 ``Derived`` 的。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Your code will have to have a separate code path if the object you're " +"examining is a class (``isinstance(o, type)``). In that case, best practice " +"relies on an implementation detail of Python 3.9 and before: if a class has " +"annotations defined, they are stored in the class's :attr:`~type.__dict__` " +"dictionary. Since the class may or may not have annotations defined, best " +"practice is to call the :meth:`~dict.get` method on the class dict." +msgstr "" +"如果你所检查的对象是一个类 (``isinstance(o, type)``) 则你的代码将不得不使用单独的代码路径。 在此情况下，最佳实践依赖于 " +"Python 3.9 及之前版本的一个实现细节：如果一个类定义了标注，它们将存储在类的 :attr:`~type.__dict__` 字典中。 " +"由于类可能有也可能没有定义标注，因此最佳实践是在类的 dict 字典上调用 :meth:`~dict.get` 方法。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:109 +msgid "" +"To put it all together, here is some sample code that safely accesses the " +"``__annotations__`` attribute on an arbitrary object in Python 3.9 and " +"before::" +msgstr "" +"综上所述，下面给出一些示例代码，可以在 Python 3.9 及之前版本安全地访问任意对象的 ``__annotations__`` 属性：" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:113 +msgid "" +"if isinstance(o, type):\n" +" ann = o.__dict__.get('__annotations__', None)\n" +"else:\n" +" ann = getattr(o, '__annotations__', None)" +msgstr "" +"if isinstance(o, type):\n" +" ann = o.__dict__.get('__annotations__', None)\n" +"else:\n" +" ann = getattr(o, '__annotations__', None)" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:118 +msgid "" +"After running this code, ``ann`` should be either a dictionary or ``None``." +" You're encouraged to double-check the type of ``ann`` using " +":func:`isinstance` before further examination." +msgstr "" +"运行之后，``ann`` 应为一个字典对象或 ``None``。建议在继续之前，先用 :func:`isinstance` 再次检查 ``ann`` " +"的类型。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Note that some exotic or malformed type objects may not have a " +":attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute, so for extra safety you may also wish to " +"use :func:`getattr` to access :attr:`!__dict__`." +msgstr "" +"请注意某些特别的或错误的类型对象可能没有 :attr:`~type.__dict__` 属性，因此为确保绝对安全你可能会需要使用 " +":func:`getattr` 来访问 :attr:`!__dict__`。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:129 +msgid "Manually Un-Stringizing Stringized Annotations" +msgstr "解析字符串形式的注解" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:131 +msgid "" +"In situations where some annotations may be \"stringized\", and you wish to " +"evaluate those strings to produce the Python values they represent, it " +"really is best to call :func:`inspect.get_annotations` to do this work for " +"you." +msgstr "" +"有时注释可能会被“字符串化”，解析这些字符串可以求得其所代表的 Python 值，最好是调用 " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations` 来完成这项工作。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:137 +msgid "" +"If you're using Python 3.9 or older, or if for some reason you can't use " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations`, you'll need to duplicate its logic. You're" +" encouraged to examine the implementation of :func:`inspect.get_annotations`" +" in the current Python version and follow a similar approach." +msgstr "" +"如果是 Python 3.9 及之前的版本，或者由于某种原因无法使用 :func:`inspect.get_annotations` " +"，那就需要重现其代码逻辑。建议查看一下当前 Python 版本中 :func:`inspect.get_annotations` " +"的实现代码，并遵照实现。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:143 +msgid "" +"In a nutshell, if you wish to evaluate a stringized annotation on an " +"arbitrary object ``o``:" +msgstr "简而言之，假设要对任一对象解析其字符串化的注释 ``o`` ：" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:146 +msgid "" +"If ``o`` is a module, use ``o.__dict__`` as the ``globals`` when calling " +":func:`eval`." +msgstr "如果 ``o`` 是个模块，在调用 :func:`eval` 时，``o.__dict__`` 可视为 ``globals`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:148 +msgid "" +"If ``o`` is a class, use ``sys.modules[o.__module__].__dict__`` as the " +"``globals``, and ``dict(vars(o))`` as the ``locals``, when calling " +":func:`eval`." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``o`` 是一个类，在调用 :func:`eval` 时，``sys.modules[o.__module__].__dict__`` 视作 " +"``globals``，``dict(vars(o))`` 视作 ``locals`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:151 +msgid "" +"If ``o`` is a wrapped callable using :func:`functools.update_wrapper`, " +":func:`functools.wraps`, or :func:`functools.partial`, iteratively unwrap it" +" by accessing either ``o.__wrapped__`` or ``o.func`` as appropriate, until " +"you have found the root unwrapped function." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``o`` 是一个用 :func:`functools.update_wrapper` 、 :func:`functools.wraps` 或 " +":func:`functools.partial` 封装的可调用对象，可酌情访问 ``o.__wrapped__`` 或 ``o.func`` " +"进行反复解包，直到你找到未经封装的根函数。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:155 +msgid "" +"If ``o`` is a callable (but not a class), use :attr:`o.__globals__ " +"` as the globals when calling :func:`eval`." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``o`` 为可调用对象（但不是类），则在调用 :func:`eval` 时可以使用 :attr:`o.__globals__ " +"` 作为 globals。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:159 +msgid "" +"However, not all string values used as annotations can be successfully " +"turned into Python values by :func:`eval`. String values could theoretically" +" contain any valid string, and in practice there are valid use cases for " +"type hints that require annotating with string values that specifically " +"*can't* be evaluated. For example:" +msgstr "" +"但并不是所有注解字符串都可以通过 :func:`eval` 成功地转化为 Python " +"值。理论上，注解字符串中可以包含任何合法字符串，确实有一些类型提示的场合，需要用到特殊的 *无法* 被解析的字符串来作注解。比如：" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:166 +msgid "" +":pep:`604` union types using ``|``, before support for this was added to " +"Python 3.10." +msgstr "在 Python 支持 :pep:`604` 的联合类型 ``|`` (Python 3.10) 之前使用它。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Definitions that aren't needed at runtime, only imported when " +":const:`typing.TYPE_CHECKING` is true." +msgstr "运行时用不到的定义，只在 :const:`typing.TYPE_CHECKING` 为 True 时才会导入。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:171 +msgid "" +"If :func:`eval` attempts to evaluate such values, it will fail and raise an " +"exception. So, when designing a library API that works with annotations, " +"it's recommended to only attempt to evaluate string values when explicitly " +"requested to by the caller." +msgstr "" +"如果 :func:`eval` 试图求值，将会失败并触发异常。因此，当要设计一个可采用注解的库 API ，建议只在调用方显式请求的时才对字符串求值。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:179 +msgid "Best Practices For ``__annotations__`` In Any Python Version" +msgstr "任何版本 Python 中使用 ``__annotations__`` 的最佳实践" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:181 +msgid "" +"You should avoid assigning to the ``__annotations__`` member of objects " +"directly. Let Python manage setting ``__annotations__``." +msgstr "应避免直接给对象的 ``__annotations__`` 成员赋值。请让 Python 来管理 ``__annotations__``。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:184 +msgid "" +"If you do assign directly to the ``__annotations__`` member of an object, " +"you should always set it to a ``dict`` object." +msgstr "如果直接给某对象的 ``__annotations__`` 成员赋值，应该确保设成一个 ``dict`` 对象。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:187 +msgid "" +"If you directly access the ``__annotations__`` member of an object, you " +"should ensure that it's a dictionary before attempting to examine its " +"contents." +msgstr "如果直接访问某个对象的 ``__annotations__`` 成员，在解析其值之前，应先确认其为字典类型。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:191 +msgid "You should avoid modifying ``__annotations__`` dicts." +msgstr "应避免修改 ``__annotations__`` 字典。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:193 +msgid "" +"You should avoid deleting the ``__annotations__`` attribute of an object." +msgstr "应避免删除对象的 ``__annotations__`` 属性。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:198 +msgid "``__annotations__`` Quirks" +msgstr "``__annotations__`` 的一些“坑”" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:200 +msgid "" +"In all versions of Python 3, function objects lazy-create an annotations " +"dict if no annotations are defined on that object. You can delete the " +"``__annotations__`` attribute using ``del fn.__annotations__``, but if you " +"then access ``fn.__annotations__`` the object will create a new empty dict " +"that it will store and return as its annotations. Deleting the annotations " +"on a function before it has lazily created its annotations dict will throw " +"an ``AttributeError``; using ``del fn.__annotations__`` twice in a row is " +"guaranteed to always throw an ``AttributeError``." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3 的所有版本中，如果对象没有定义注解，函数对象就会直接创建一个注解字典对象。用 ``del fn.__annotations__``" +" 可删除 ``__annotations__`` 属性，但如果后续再访问 " +"``fn.__annotations__``，该对象将新建一个空的字典对象，用于存放并返回注解。在函数直接创建注解字典前，删除注解操作会抛出 " +"``AttributeError`` 异常；连续两次调用 ``del fn.__annotations__`` 一定会抛出一次 " +"``AttributeError`` 异常。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Everything in the above paragraph also applies to class and module objects " +"in Python 3.10 and newer." +msgstr "以上同样适用于 Python 3.10 以上版本中的类和模块对象。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:213 +msgid "" +"In all versions of Python 3, you can set ``__annotations__`` on a function " +"object to ``None``. However, subsequently accessing the annotations on that" +" object using ``fn.__annotations__`` will lazy-create an empty dictionary as" +" per the first paragraph of this section. This is *not* true of modules and" +" classes, in any Python version; those objects permit setting " +"``__annotations__`` to any Python value, and will retain whatever value is " +"set." +msgstr "" +"所有版本的 Python 3 中，均可将函数对象的 ``__annotations__`` 设为 ``None``。但后续用 " +"``fn.__annotations__`` 访问该对象的注解时，会像本节第一段所述那样，直接创建一个空字典。但在任何 Python " +"版本中，模块和类均非如此，他们允许将 ``__annotations__`` 设为任意 Python 值，并且会留存所设值。" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:221 +msgid "" +"If Python stringizes your annotations for you (using ``from __future__ " +"import annotations``), and you specify a string as an annotation, the string" +" will itself be quoted. In effect the annotation is quoted *twice.* For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 会对注解作字符串化处理（用 ``from __future__ import annotations`` " +"），并且注解本身就是一个字符串，那么将会为其加上引号。实际效果就是，注解加了 *两次* 引号。例如：" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:227 +msgid "" +"from __future__ import annotations\n" +"def foo(a: \"str\"): pass\n" +"\n" +"print(foo.__annotations__)" +msgstr "" +"from __future__ import annotations\n" +"def foo(a: \"str\"): pass\n" +"\n" +"print(foo.__annotations__)" + +#: ../../howto/annotations.rst:232 +msgid "" +"This prints ``{'a': \"'str'\"}``. This shouldn't really be considered a " +"\"quirk\"; it's mentioned here simply because it might be surprising." +msgstr "这会打印出 ``{'a': \"'str'\"}``。这不应算是个“坑”；只是因为可能会让人吃惊，所以才提一下。" diff --git a/howto/argparse.po b/howto/argparse.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01cfd43e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/argparse.po @@ -0,0 +1,1702 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# telnetning , 2021 +# 兴然 刘 , 2021 +# Trim21 , 2021 +# allenjuly7 , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# 汇民 王 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-27 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:5 +msgid "Argparse Tutorial" +msgstr "argparse 教程" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:0 +msgid "author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:7 +msgid "Tshepang Mbambo" +msgstr "Tshepang Mbambo" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This tutorial is intended to be a gentle introduction to :mod:`argparse`, " +"the recommended command-line parsing module in the Python standard library." +msgstr "这篇教程旨在作为 :mod:`argparse` 的入门介绍，此模块是 Python 标准库中推荐的命令行解析模块。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The standard library includes two other libraries directly related to " +"command-line parameter processing: the lower level :mod:`optparse` module " +"(which may require more code to configure for a given application, but also " +"allows an application to request behaviors that ``argparse`` doesn't " +"support), and the very low level :mod:`getopt` (which specifically serves as" +" an equivalent to the :c:func:`!getopt` family of functions available to C " +"programmers). While neither of those modules is covered directly in this " +"guide, many of the core concepts in ``argparse`` first originated in " +"``optparse``, so some aspects of this tutorial will also be relevant to " +"``optparse`` users." +msgstr "" +"标准库还包括另两个与命令行形参处理直接相关的库：低层级的 :mod:`optparse` 模块 " +"(对于特定应用程序它可能需要更多的代码来配置，但也允许应用程序请求 ``argparse`` 所不支持的行为)，以及更低层级的 " +":mod:`getopt` (它被作为供 C 程序员使用的 :c:func:`!getopt` 函数族的等价物)。 " +"这些模块并未在本指南中直接介绍，``argparse`` 中的许多核心概念最初都是来自 ``optparse``，因此本教程的某些部分对 " +"``optparse`` 用户来说也是有用的。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:29 +msgid "Concepts" +msgstr "概念" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Let's show the sort of functionality that we are going to explore in this " +"introductory tutorial by making use of the :command:`ls` command:" +msgstr "让我们利用 :command:`ls` 命令来展示我们将要在这篇入门教程中探索的功能：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:34 +msgid "" +"$ ls\n" +"cpython devguide prog.py pypy rm-unused-function.patch\n" +"$ ls pypy\n" +"ctypes_configure demo dotviewer include lib_pypy lib-python ...\n" +"$ ls -l\n" +"total 20\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 19 wena wena 4096 Feb 18 18:51 cpython\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 4 wena wena 4096 Feb 8 12:04 devguide\n" +"-rwxr-xr-x 1 wena wena 535 Feb 19 00:05 prog.py\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 14 wena wena 4096 Feb 7 00:59 pypy\n" +"-rw-r--r-- 1 wena wena 741 Feb 18 01:01 rm-unused-function.patch\n" +"$ ls --help\n" +"Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n" +"List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).\n" +"Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"$ ls\n" +"cpython devguide prog.py pypy rm-unused-function.patch\n" +"$ ls pypy\n" +"ctypes_configure demo dotviewer include lib_pypy lib-python ...\n" +"$ ls -l\n" +"total 20\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 19 wena wena 4096 Feb 18 18:51 cpython\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 4 wena wena 4096 Feb 8 12:04 devguide\n" +"-rwxr-xr-x 1 wena wena 535 Feb 19 00:05 prog.py\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 14 wena wena 4096 Feb 7 00:59 pypy\n" +"-rw-r--r-- 1 wena wena 741 Feb 18 01:01 rm-unused-function.patch\n" +"$ ls --help\n" +"Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n" +"List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).\n" +"Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:53 +msgid "A few concepts we can learn from the four commands:" +msgstr "我们可以从这四个命令中学到几个概念：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The :command:`ls` command is useful when run without any options at all. It " +"defaults to displaying the contents of the current directory." +msgstr ":command:`ls` 是一个即使在运行的时候没有提供任何选项，也非常有用的命令。在默认情况下他会输出当前文件夹包含的文件和文件夹。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:58 +msgid "" +"If we want beyond what it provides by default, we tell it a bit more. In " +"this case, we want it to display a different directory, ``pypy``. What we " +"did is specify what is known as a positional argument. It's named so because" +" the program should know what to do with the value, solely based on where it" +" appears on the command line. This concept is more relevant to a command " +"like :command:`cp`, whose most basic usage is ``cp SRC DEST``. The first " +"position is *what you want copied,* and the second position is *where you " +"want it copied to*." +msgstr "" +"如果我们想要使用比它默认提供的更多功能，我们需要告诉该命令更多信息。在这个例子里，我们想要查看一个不同的目录，``pypy``。我们所做的是指定所谓的位置参数。之所以这样命名，是因为程序应该如何处理该参数值，完全取决于它在命令行出现的位置。更能体现这个概念的命令如" +" :command:`cp`，它最基本的用法是 ``cp SRC " +"DEST``。第一个位置参数指的是*你想要复制的*，第二个位置参数指的是*你想要复制到的位置*。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Now, say we want to change behaviour of the program. In our example, we " +"display more info for each file instead of just showing the file names. The " +"``-l`` in that case is known as an optional argument." +msgstr "" +"现在假设我们想要改变这个程序的行为。在我们的例子中，我们不仅仅只是输出每个文件的文件名，还输出了更多信息。在这个例子中，``-l`` 被称为可选参数。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:71 +msgid "" +"That's a snippet of the help text. It's very useful in that you can come " +"across a program you have never used before, and can figure out how it works" +" simply by reading its help text." +msgstr "这是一段帮助文档的文字。它是非常有用的，因为当你遇到一个你从未使用过的程序时，你可以通过阅读它的帮助文档来弄清楚它是如何运行的。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:77 +msgid "The basics" +msgstr "基础" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:79 +msgid "Let us start with a very simple example which does (almost) nothing::" +msgstr "让我们从一个简单到（几乎）什么也做不了的例子开始：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:81 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.parse_args()" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.parse_args()" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:85 ../../howto/argparse.rst:193 +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:214 +msgid "Following is a result of running the code:" +msgstr "以下是该代码的运行结果：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:87 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbose\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h]\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: --verbose\n" +"$ python prog.py foo\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h]\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: foo" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbose\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h]\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: --verbose\n" +"$ python prog.py foo\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h]\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: foo" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:102 ../../howto/argparse.rst:259 +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:303 +msgid "Here is what is happening:" +msgstr "程序运行情况如下：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Running the script without any options results in nothing displayed to " +"stdout. Not so useful." +msgstr "在没有任何选项的情况下运行脚本不会在标准输出显示任何内容。这没有什么用处。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:107 +msgid "" +"The second one starts to display the usefulness of the :mod:`argparse` " +"module. We have done almost nothing, but already we get a nice help message." +msgstr "第二行代码开始展现出 :mod:`argparse` 模块的作用。我们几乎什么也没有做，但已经得到一条很好的帮助信息。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:110 +msgid "" +"The ``--help`` option, which can also be shortened to ``-h``, is the only " +"option we get for free (i.e. no need to specify it). Specifying anything " +"else results in an error. But even then, we do get a useful usage message, " +"also for free." +msgstr "" +"``--help`` 选项，也可缩写为 " +"``-h``，是唯一一个可以直接使用的选项（即不需要指定该选项的内容）。指定任何内容都会导致错误。即便如此，我们也能直接得到一条有用的用法信息。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:117 +msgid "Introducing Positional arguments" +msgstr "位置参数介绍" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:119 +msgid "An example::" +msgstr "举个例子：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:121 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"echo\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.echo)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"echo\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.echo)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:127 +msgid "And running the code:" +msgstr "运行此程序：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:129 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] echo\n" +"prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: echo\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] echo\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" echo\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"$ python prog.py foo\n" +"foo" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] echo\n" +"prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: echo\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] echo\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" echo\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"$ python prog.py foo\n" +"foo" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:145 +msgid "Here is what's happening:" +msgstr "程序运行情况如下：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:147 +msgid "" +"We've added the :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` method, which is what " +"we use to specify which command-line options the program is willing to " +"accept. In this case, I've named it ``echo`` so that it's in line with its " +"function." +msgstr "" +"我们增加了 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 方法，该方法用于指定程序将能接受哪些命令行选项。 " +"在这个例子中，我将它命名为 ``echo`` 以与其对应的函数保持一致。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:151 +msgid "Calling our program now requires us to specify an option." +msgstr "现在调用我们的程序必须要指定一个选项。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:153 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method actually returns some data " +"from the options specified, in this case, ``echo``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 方法实际将返回来自指定选项的某些数据，在这个例子中是 ``echo``。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:156 +msgid "" +"The variable is some form of 'magic' that :mod:`argparse` performs for free " +"(i.e. no need to specify which variable that value is stored in). You will " +"also notice that its name matches the string argument given to the method, " +"``echo``." +msgstr "" +"这一变量是 :mod:`argparse` 免费施放的某种 " +"“魔法”（即是说，不需要指定哪个变量是存储哪个值的）。你也可以注意到，这一名称与传递给方法的字符串参数一致，都是 ``echo``。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Note however that, although the help display looks nice and all, it " +"currently is not as helpful as it can be. For example we see that we got " +"``echo`` as a positional argument, but we don't know what it does, other " +"than by guessing or by reading the source code. So, let's make it a bit more" +" useful::" +msgstr "" +"然而请注意，尽管显示的帮助看起来清楚完整，但它可以比现在更有帮助。比如我们可以知道 ``echo`` " +"是一个位置参数，但我们除了靠猜或者看源代码，没法知道它是用来干什么的。所以，我们可以把它改造得更有用：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:166 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"echo\", help=\"echo the string you use here\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.echo)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"echo\", help=\"echo the string you use here\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.echo)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:172 +msgid "And we get:" +msgstr "然后我们得到：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:174 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] echo\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" echo echo the string you use here\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] echo\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" echo echo the string you use here\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:185 +msgid "Now, how about doing something even more useful::" +msgstr "现在，来做一些更有用的事情：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:187 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.square**2)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.square**2)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:195 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"prog.py\", line 5, in \n" +" print(args.square**2)\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'str' and 'int'" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"prog.py\", line 5, in \n" +" print(args.square**2)\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'str' and 'int'" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:203 +msgid "" +"That didn't go so well. That's because :mod:`argparse` treats the options we" +" give it as strings, unless we tell it otherwise. So, let's tell " +":mod:`argparse` to treat that input as an integer::" +msgstr "" +"进展不太顺利。那是因为 :mod:`argparse` 会把我们传递给它的选项视作为字符串，除非我们告诉它别这样。所以，让我们来告诉 " +":mod:`argparse` 来把这一输入视为整数：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:207 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", help=\"display a square of a given number\",\n" +" type=int)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.square**2)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", help=\"display a square of a given number\",\n" +" type=int)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.square**2)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:216 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py four\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] square\n" +"prog.py: error: argument square: invalid int value: 'four'" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py four\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] square\n" +"prog.py: error: argument square: invalid int value: 'four'" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:224 +msgid "" +"That went well. The program now even helpfully quits on bad illegal input " +"before proceeding." +msgstr "做得不错。当这个程序在收到错误的无效的输入时，它甚至能在执行计算之前先退出，还能显示很有帮助的错误信息。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:229 +msgid "Introducing Optional arguments" +msgstr "可选参数介绍" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:231 +msgid "" +"So far we have been playing with positional arguments. Let us have a look on" +" how to add optional ones::" +msgstr "到目前为止，我们一直在研究位置参数。让我们看看如何添加可选的：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:234 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"--verbosity\", help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"if args.verbosity:\n" +" print(\"verbosity turned on\")" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"--verbosity\", help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"if args.verbosity:\n" +" print(\"verbosity turned on\")" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:241 ../../howto/argparse.rst:287 +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:403 ../../howto/argparse.rst:437 +msgid "And the output:" +msgstr "和输出：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:243 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py --verbosity 1\n" +"verbosity turned on\n" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --verbosity VERBOSITY\n" +" increase output verbosity\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbosity\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]\n" +"prog.py: error: argument --verbosity: expected one argument" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py --verbosity 1\n" +"verbosity turned on\n" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --verbosity VERBOSITY\n" +" increase output verbosity\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbosity\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbosity VERBOSITY]\n" +"prog.py: error: argument --verbosity: expected one argument" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:261 +msgid "" +"The program is written so as to display something when ``--verbosity`` is " +"specified and display nothing when not." +msgstr "这一程序被设计为当指定 ``--verbosity`` 选项时显示某些东西，否则不显示。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:264 +msgid "" +"To show that the option is actually optional, there is no error when running" +" the program without it. Note that by default, if an optional argument isn't" +" used, the relevant variable, in this case ``args.verbosity``, is given " +"``None`` as a value, which is the reason it fails the truth test of the " +":keyword:`if` statement." +msgstr "" +"为表明此选项确实是可选的，当不附带该选项运行程序时将不会提示任何错误。 请注意在默认情况下，如果一个可选参数未被使用，则关联的变量，在这个例子中是 " +"``args.verbosity``，将被赋值为 ``None``，这也就是它在 :keyword:`if` 语句中无法通过真值检测的原因。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:270 +msgid "The help message is a bit different." +msgstr "帮助信息有点不同。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:272 +msgid "" +"When using the ``--verbosity`` option, one must also specify some value, any" +" value." +msgstr "使用 ``--verbosity`` 选项时，必须指定一个值，但可以是任何值。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:275 +msgid "" +"The above example accepts arbitrary integer values for ``--verbosity``, but " +"for our simple program, only two values are actually useful, ``True`` or " +"``False``. Let's modify the code accordingly::" +msgstr "" +"上述例子接受任何整数值作为 ``--verbosity`` 的参数，但对于我们的简单程序而言，只有两个值有实际意义：``True`` 或者 " +"``False``。让我们据此修改代码：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:279 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"--verbose\", help=\"increase output verbosity\",\n" +" action=\"store_true\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"if args.verbose:\n" +" print(\"verbosity turned on\")" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"--verbose\", help=\"increase output verbosity\",\n" +" action=\"store_true\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"if args.verbose:\n" +" print(\"verbosity turned on\")" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:289 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py --verbose\n" +"verbosity turned on\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbose 1\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbose]\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 1\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbose]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --verbose increase output verbosity" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py --verbose\n" +"verbosity turned on\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbose 1\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbose]\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 1\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [--verbose]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --verbose increase output verbosity" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:305 +msgid "" +"The option is now more of a flag than something that requires a value. We " +"even changed the name of the option to match that idea. Note that we now " +"specify a new keyword, ``action``, and give it the value ``\"store_true\"``." +" This means that, if the option is specified, assign the value ``True`` to " +"``args.verbose``. Not specifying it implies ``False``." +msgstr "" +"现在此选项更像是一个旗标而不需要接受特定的值。 我们甚至改变了此选项的名字来匹配这一点。 请注意我们现在指定了一个新的关键词 " +"``action``，并将其赋值为 ``\"store_true\"``。 这意味着，如果指定了该选项，则将值 ``True`` 赋给 " +"``args.verbose``。 如未指定则表示其值为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:312 +msgid "" +"It complains when you specify a value, in true spirit of what flags actually" +" are." +msgstr "当你为其指定一个值时，它会报错，符合作为标志的真正的精神。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:315 +msgid "Notice the different help text." +msgstr "留意不同的帮助文字。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:319 +msgid "Short options" +msgstr "短选项" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:321 +msgid "" +"If you are familiar with command line usage, you will notice that I haven't " +"yet touched on the topic of short versions of the options. It's quite " +"simple::" +msgstr "如果你熟悉命令行的用法，你会发现我还没讲到这一选项的短版本。这也很简单：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:325 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", help=\"increase output verbosity\",\n" +" action=\"store_true\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"if args.verbose:\n" +" print(\"verbosity turned on\")" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", help=\"increase output verbosity\",\n" +" action=\"store_true\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"if args.verbose:\n" +" print(\"verbosity turned on\")" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:333 +msgid "And here goes:" +msgstr "效果就像这样：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:335 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py -v\n" +"verbosity turned on\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbose increase output verbosity" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py -v\n" +"verbosity turned on\n" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbose increase output verbosity" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:346 +msgid "Note that the new ability is also reflected in the help text." +msgstr "可以注意到，这一新的能力也反映在帮助文本里。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:350 +msgid "Combining Positional and Optional arguments" +msgstr "结合位置参数和可选参数" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:352 +msgid "Our program keeps growing in complexity::" +msgstr "我们的程序变得越来越复杂了：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:354 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", action=\"store_true\",\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbose:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", action=\"store_true\",\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbose:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:367 +msgid "And now the output:" +msgstr "接着是输出：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:369 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square\n" +"prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: square\n" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 --verbose\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbose 4\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square\n" +"prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: square\n" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 --verbose\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py --verbose 4\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:381 +msgid "We've brought back a positional argument, hence the complaint." +msgstr "我们带回了一个位置参数，结果发生了报错。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:383 +msgid "Note that the order does not matter." +msgstr "注意顺序无关紧要。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:385 +msgid "" +"How about we give this program of ours back the ability to have multiple " +"verbosity values, and actually get to use them::" +msgstr "给我们的程序加上接受多个冗长度的值，然后实际来用用：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:388 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity == 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity == 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity == 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity == 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:405 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v VERBOSITY] square\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -v/--verbosity: expected one argument\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 1\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 2\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 3\n" +"16" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v VERBOSITY] square\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -v/--verbosity: expected one argument\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 1\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 2\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 3\n" +"16" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:419 +msgid "" +"These all look good except the last one, which exposes a bug in our program." +" Let's fix it by restricting the values the ``--verbosity`` option can " +"accept::" +msgstr "" +"除了最后一个，看上去都不错。最后一个暴露了我们的程序中有一个 bug。我们可以通过限制 ``--verbosity`` 选项可以接受的值来修复它：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:422 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2],\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity == 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity == 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2],\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity == 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity == 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:439 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 3\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -v/--verbosity: invalid choice: 3 (choose from 0, 1, 2)\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" square display a square of a given number\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbosity {0,1,2}\n" +" increase output verbosity" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 3\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -v/--verbosity: invalid choice: 3 (choose from 0, 1, 2)\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v {0,1,2}] square\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" square display a square of a given number\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbosity {0,1,2}\n" +" increase output verbosity" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:455 +msgid "" +"Note that the change also reflects both in the error message as well as the " +"help string." +msgstr "注意这一改变同时反应在错误信息和帮助信息里。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Now, let's use a different approach of playing with verbosity, which is " +"pretty common. It also matches the way the CPython executable handles its " +"own verbosity argument (check the output of ``python --help``)::" +msgstr "" +"现在，让我们使用另一种的方式来改变冗长度。这种方式更常见，也和 CPython 的可执行文件处理它自己的冗长度参数的方式一致（参考 ``python " +"--help`` 的输出）：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:462 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display the square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\",\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity == 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity == 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display the square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\",\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity == 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity == 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:477 +msgid "" +"We have introduced another action, \"count\", to count the number of " +"occurrences of specific options." +msgstr "我们引入了另一种动作 \"count\"，来统计特定选项出现的次数。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:481 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vv\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 --verbosity --verbosity\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 1\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 1\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" square display a square of a given number\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbosity increase output verbosity\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vvv\n" +"16" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vv\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 --verbosity --verbosity\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -v 1\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square\n" +"prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: 1\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] square\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" square display a square of a given number\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbosity increase output verbosity\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vvv\n" +"16" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Yes, it's now more of a flag (similar to ``action=\"store_true\"``) in the " +"previous version of our script. That should explain the complaint." +msgstr "是的，它现在比前一版本更像是一个标志（和 ``action=\"store_true\"`` 相似）。这能解释它为什么报错。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:509 +msgid "It also behaves similar to \"store_true\" action." +msgstr "它也表现得与 “store_true” 的行为相似。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Now here's a demonstration of what the \"count\" action gives. You've " +"probably seen this sort of usage before." +msgstr "这给出了一个关于 ``count`` 动作的效果的演示。你之前很可能应该已经看过这种用法。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:514 +msgid "" +"And if you don't specify the ``-v`` flag, that flag is considered to have " +"``None`` value." +msgstr "如果你不添加 ``-v`` 标志，这一标志的值会是 ``None``。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:517 +msgid "" +"As should be expected, specifying the long form of the flag, we should get " +"the same output." +msgstr "如期望的那样，添加该标志的长形态能够获得相同的输出。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:520 +msgid "" +"Sadly, our help output isn't very informative on the new ability our script " +"has acquired, but that can always be fixed by improving the documentation " +"for our script (e.g. via the ``help`` keyword argument)." +msgstr "" +"可惜的是，对于我们的脚本获得的新能力，我们的帮助输出并没有提供很多信息，但我们总是可以通过改善文档来修复这一问题（比如通过 ``help`` " +"关键字参数）。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:524 +msgid "That last output exposes a bug in our program." +msgstr "最后一个输出暴露了我们程序中的一个 bug。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:527 +msgid "Let's fix::" +msgstr "让我们修复一下：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:529 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\",\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"\n" +"# bugfix: replace == with >=\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\",\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"\n" +"# bugfix: replace == with >=\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:546 +msgid "And this is what it gives:" +msgstr "这是它给我们的输出：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:548 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vvv\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vvvv\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"prog.py\", line 11, in \n" +" if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +"TypeError: '>=' not supported between instances of 'NoneType' and 'int'" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vvv\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 -vvvv\n" +"the square of 4 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"prog.py\", line 11, in \n" +" if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +"TypeError: '>=' not supported between instances of 'NoneType' and 'int'" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:561 +msgid "" +"First output went well, and fixes the bug we had before. That is, we want " +"any value >= 2 to be as verbose as possible." +msgstr "第一组输出很好，修复了之前的 bug。也就是说，我们希望任何 >= 2 的值尽可能详尽。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:564 +msgid "Third output not so good." +msgstr "第三组输出并不理想。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:566 +msgid "Let's fix that bug::" +msgstr "让我们修复那个 bug：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:568 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\", default=0,\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"square\", type=int,\n" +" help=\"display a square of a given number\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\", default=0,\n" +" help=\"increase output verbosity\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.square**2\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"the square of {args.square} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.square}^2 == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:583 +msgid "" +"We've just introduced yet another keyword, ``default``. We've set it to " +"``0`` in order to make it comparable to the other int values. Remember that " +"by default, if an optional argument isn't specified, it gets the ``None`` " +"value, and that cannot be compared to an int value (hence the " +":exc:`TypeError` exception)." +msgstr "" +"我们刚刚引入了又一个新的关键字 ``default``。我们把它设置为 ``0`` " +"来让它可以与其他整数值相互比较。记住，默认情况下如果一个可选参数没有被指定，它的值会是 ``None``，并且它不能和整数值相比较（所以产生了 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常）。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:590 +msgid "And:" +msgstr "然后：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:592 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4\n" +"16" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:597 +msgid "" +"You can go quite far just with what we've learned so far, and we have only " +"scratched the surface. The :mod:`argparse` module is very powerful, and " +"we'll explore a bit more of it before we end this tutorial." +msgstr "" +"凭借我们目前已学的东西你就可以做到许多事情，而我们还仅仅学了一些皮毛而已。 :mod:`argparse` " +"模块是非常强大的，在结束篇教程之前我们将再探索更多一些内容。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:604 +msgid "Getting a little more advanced" +msgstr "进行一些小小的改进" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:606 +msgid "" +"What if we wanted to expand our tiny program to perform other powers, not " +"just squares::" +msgstr "如果我们想扩展我们的简短程序来执行其他幂次的运算，而不仅是乘方::" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:609 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\", default=0)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x} to the power {args.y} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\", default=0)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x} to the power {args.y} equals {answer}\")\n" +"elif args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:623 ../../howto/argparse.rst:661 +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:877 +msgid "Output:" +msgstr "输出：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:625 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] x y\n" +"prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: x, y\n" +"$ python prog.py -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] x y\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" x the base\n" +" y the exponent\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbosity\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v\n" +"4^2 == 16" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] x y\n" +"prog.py: error: the following arguments are required: x, y\n" +"$ python prog.py -h\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v] x y\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" x the base\n" +" y the exponent\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbosity\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v\n" +"4^2 == 16" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Notice that so far we've been using verbosity level to *change* the text " +"that gets displayed. The following example instead uses verbosity level to " +"display *more* text instead::" +msgstr "请注意到目前为止我们一直在使用详细级别来 *更改* 所显示的文本。 以下示例则使用详细级别来显示 *更多的* 文本::" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:648 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\", default=0)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"Running '{__file__}'\")\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == \", end=\"\")\n" +"print(answer)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbosity\", action=\"count\", default=0)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 2:\n" +" print(f\"Running '{__file__}'\")\n" +"if args.verbosity >= 1:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == \", end=\"\")\n" +"print(answer)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:663 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4 2\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -vv\n" +"Running 'prog.py'\n" +"4^2 == 16" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4 2\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -vv\n" +"Running 'prog.py'\n" +"4^2 == 16" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:677 +msgid "Specifying ambiguous arguments" +msgstr "指定有歧义的参数" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:679 +msgid "" +"When there is ambiguity in deciding whether an argument is positional or for" +" an argument, ``--`` can be used to tell :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` " +"that everything after that is a positional argument::" +msgstr "" +"当在确定一个参数是位置参数还是从属于另一个参数存在歧义时，可以使用 ``--`` 来告诉 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 在它之后的参数是位置参数::" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:683 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-n', nargs='+')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('args', nargs='*')\n" +"\n" +">>> # ambiguous, so parse_args assumes it's an option\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-f'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-n N [N ...]] [args ...]\n" +"PROG: error: unrecognized arguments: -f\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--', '-f'])\n" +"Namespace(args=['-f'], n=None)\n" +"\n" +">>> # ambiguous, so the -n option greedily accepts arguments\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-n', '1', '2', '3'])\n" +"Namespace(args=[], n=['1', '2', '3'])\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-n', '1', '--', '2', '3'])\n" +"Namespace(args=['2', '3'], n=['1'])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-n', nargs='+')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('args', nargs='*')\n" +"\n" +">>> # ambiguous, so parse_args assumes it's an option\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-f'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-n N [N ...]] [args ...]\n" +"PROG: error: unrecognized arguments: -f\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--', '-f'])\n" +"Namespace(args=['-f'], n=None)\n" +"\n" +">>> # ambiguous, so the -n option greedily accepts arguments\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-n', '1', '2', '3'])\n" +"Namespace(args=[], n=['1', '2', '3'])\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-n', '1', '--', '2', '3'])\n" +"Namespace(args=['2', '3'], n=['1'])" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:704 +msgid "Conflicting options" +msgstr "矛盾的选项" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:706 +msgid "" +"So far, we have been working with two methods of an " +":class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` instance. Let's introduce a third one, " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_mutually_exclusive_group`. It allows for us to " +"specify options that conflict with each other. Let's also change the rest of" +" the program so that the new functionality makes more sense: we'll introduce" +" the ``--quiet`` option, which will be the opposite of the ``--verbose`` " +"one::" +msgstr "" +"到目前为止，我们一直在使用 :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` 实例的两个方法。 让我们再介绍第三个方法 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_mutually_exclusive_group`。 它允许我们指定彼此相冲突的选项。 " +"让我们再修改程序的其余部分以便使新功能更有意义：我们将引入 ``--quiet`` 选项，它将与 ``--verbose`` 的作用相反::" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:714 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-q\", \"--quiet\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"\n" +"if args.quiet:\n" +" print(answer)\n" +"elif args.verbose:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x} to the power {args.y} equals {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == {answer}\")" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-q\", \"--quiet\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"\n" +"if args.quiet:\n" +" print(answer)\n" +"elif args.verbose:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x} to the power {args.y} equals {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == {answer}\")" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:732 +msgid "" +"Our program is now simpler, and we've lost some functionality for the sake " +"of demonstration. Anyways, here's the output:" +msgstr "我们的程序现在变得更简洁了，我们出于演示需要略去了一些功能。 无论如何，输出是这样的:" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:735 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py 4 2\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -q\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v\n" +"4 to the power 2 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -vq\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -q/--quiet: not allowed with argument -v/--verbose\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v --quiet\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -q/--quiet: not allowed with argument -v/--verbose" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py 4 2\n" +"4^2 == 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -q\n" +"16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v\n" +"4 to the power 2 equals 16\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -vq\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -q/--quiet: not allowed with argument -v/--verbose\n" +"$ python prog.py 4 2 -v --quiet\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y\n" +"prog.py: error: argument -q/--quiet: not allowed with argument -v/--verbose" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:750 +msgid "" +"That should be easy to follow. I've added that last output so you can see " +"the sort of flexibility you get, i.e. mixing long form options with short " +"form ones." +msgstr "这应该很容易理解。 我添加了末尾的输出这样你就可以看到其所达到的灵活性，即混合使用长和短两种形式的选项。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:754 +msgid "" +"Before we conclude, you probably want to tell your users the main purpose of" +" your program, just in case they don't know::" +msgstr "在我们收尾之前，你也许希望告诉你的用户这个程序的主要目标，以免他们还不清楚::" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:757 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=\"calculate X to the power of Y\")\n" +"group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-q\", \"--quiet\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"\n" +"if args.quiet:\n" +" print(answer)\n" +"elif args.verbose:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x} to the power {args.y} equals {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == {answer}\")" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=\"calculate X to the power of Y\")\n" +"group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-v\", \"--verbose\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"group.add_argument(\"-q\", \"--quiet\", action=\"store_true\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"x\", type=int, help=\"the base\")\n" +"parser.add_argument(\"y\", type=int, help=\"the exponent\")\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"answer = args.x**args.y\n" +"\n" +"if args.quiet:\n" +" print(answer)\n" +"elif args.verbose:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x} to the power {args.y} equals {answer}\")\n" +"else:\n" +" print(f\"{args.x}^{args.y} == {answer}\")" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:775 +msgid "" +"Note that slight difference in the usage text. Note the ``[-v | -q]``, which" +" tells us that we can either use ``-v`` or ``-q``, but not both at the same " +"time:" +msgstr "" +"请注意用法文本中有细微的差异。 注意 ``[-v | -q]``，它的意思是说我们可以使用 ``-v`` 或 ``-q``，但不能同时使用两者：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:779 ../../howto/argparse.rst:806 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y\n" +"\n" +"calculate X to the power of Y\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" x the base\n" +" y the exponent\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbose\n" +" -q, --quiet" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py --help\n" +"usage: prog.py [-h] [-v | -q] x y\n" +"\n" +"calculate X to the power of Y\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" x the base\n" +" y the exponent\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v, --verbose\n" +" -q, --quiet" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:797 +msgid "How to translate the argparse output" +msgstr "如何翻译 argparse 的输出" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:799 +msgid "" +"The output of the :mod:`argparse` module such as its help text and error " +"messages are all made translatable using the :mod:`gettext` module. This " +"allows applications to easily localize messages produced by :mod:`argparse`." +" See also :ref:`i18n-howto`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`argparse` 模块的输出例如它的帮助文本和错误消息都可以通过 :mod:`gettext` 模块实现翻译。 这允许应用程序轻松本地化 " +":mod:`argparse` 所产生的消息。 另请参见 :ref:`i18n-howto`。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:804 +msgid "For instance, in this :mod:`argparse` output:" +msgstr "例如，在这个 :mod:`argparse` 输出中:" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:822 +msgid "" +"The strings ``usage:``, ``positional arguments:``, ``options:`` and ``show " +"this help message and exit`` are all translatable." +msgstr "" +"字符串 ``usage:``, ``positional arguments:``, ``options:`` 和 ``show this help " +"message and exit`` 都是可翻译的。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:825 +msgid "" +"In order to translate these strings, they must first be extracted into a " +"``.po`` file. For example, using `Babel `__, run " +"this command:" +msgstr "" +"要翻译这些字符串，必须先将它们提取到一个 ``.po`` 文件中。 例如，使用 `Babel " +"`__，运行这条命令:" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:829 +msgid "$ pybabel extract -o messages.po /usr/lib/python3.12/argparse.py" +msgstr "$ pybabel extract -o messages.po /usr/lib/python3.12/argparse.py" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:833 +msgid "" +"This command will extract all translatable strings from the :mod:`argparse` " +"module and output them into a file named ``messages.po``. This command " +"assumes that your Python installation is in ``/usr/lib``." +msgstr "" +"此命令将从 :mod:`argparse` 模块提取所有可翻译的字符串，并将其输出到名为 ``messages.po`` 的文件中。 此命令假定你的 " +"Python 安装位置为 ``/usr/lib``。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:837 +msgid "" +"You can find out the location of the :mod:`argparse` module on your system " +"using this script::" +msgstr "你可以使用以下脚本查找 :mod:`argparse` 模块在系统中的位置：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:840 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"print(argparse.__file__)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"print(argparse.__file__)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:843 +msgid "" +"Once the messages in the ``.po`` file are translated and the translations " +"are installed using :mod:`gettext`, :mod:`argparse` will be able to display " +"the translated messages." +msgstr "" +"一旦 ``.po`` 文件中的文本信息翻译完毕并使用 :mod:`gettext` 安装了译文，:mod:`argparse` 将能显示翻译后的信息。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:847 +msgid "" +"To translate your own strings in the :mod:`argparse` output, use " +":mod:`gettext`." +msgstr "要翻译在 :mod:`argparse` 输出中的字符串，请使用 :mod:`gettext`。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:850 +msgid "Custom type converters" +msgstr "自定义类型转换器" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:852 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`argparse` module allows you to specify custom type converters for " +"your command-line arguments. This allows you to modify user input before " +"it's stored in the :class:`argparse.Namespace`. This can be useful when you " +"need to pre-process the input before it is used in your program." +msgstr "" +":mod:`argparse` 模块允许您为命令行参数指定自定义类型转换器。 这使您能够在用户输入存储在 " +":class:`argparse.Namespace` 中之前对其进行修改。 当您需要在程序中使用输入之前对其进行预处理时，这会很有用。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:857 +msgid "" +"When using a custom type converter, you can use any callable that takes a " +"single string argument (the argument value) and returns the converted value." +" However, if you need to handle more complex scenarios, you can use a custom" +" action class with the **action** parameter instead." +msgstr "" +"使用自定义类型转换器时，您可以使用任何可调用对象，该对象接受单个字符串参数（参数值）并返回转换后的值。但是，如果需要处理更复杂的情况，可以使用带有 " +"**action** 形参的自定义动作类。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:862 +msgid "" +"For example, let's say you want to handle arguments with different prefixes " +"and process them accordingly::" +msgstr "例如，假设您希望处理带有不同前缀的参数并相应地进行处理::" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:865 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prefix_chars='-+')\n" +"\n" +"parser.add_argument('-a', metavar='', action='append',\n" +" type=lambda x: ('-', x))\n" +"parser.add_argument('+a', metavar='', action='append',\n" +" type=lambda x: ('+', x))\n" +"\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prefix_chars='-+')\n" +"\n" +"parser.add_argument('-a', metavar='', action='append',\n" +" type=lambda x: ('-', x))\n" +"parser.add_argument('+a', metavar='', action='append',\n" +" type=lambda x: ('+', x))\n" +"\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args)" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:879 +msgid "" +"$ python prog.py -a value1 +a value2\n" +"Namespace(a=[('-', 'value1'), ('+', 'value2')])" +msgstr "" +"$ python prog.py -a value1 +a value2\n" +"Namespace(a=[('-', 'value1'), ('+', 'value2')])" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:884 +msgid "In this example, we:" +msgstr "在这个例子中，我们：" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:886 +msgid "" +"Created a parser with custom prefix characters using the ``prefix_chars`` " +"parameter." +msgstr "使用``prefix_chars`` 形参创建了带有自定义前缀字符的解析器 。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:889 +msgid "" +"Defined two arguments, ``-a`` and ``+a``, which used the ``type`` parameter " +"to create custom type converters to store the value in a tuple with the " +"prefix." +msgstr "定义了两个参数,``-a`` 和``+a``, 它们使用``type`` 形参创建自定义类型转换器，以便将值存储在带有前缀的元组中。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:892 +msgid "" +"Without the custom type converters, the arguments would have treated the " +"``-a`` and ``+a`` as the same argument, which would have been undesirable. " +"By using custom type converters, we were able to differentiate between the " +"two arguments." +msgstr "" +"如果没有自定义类型转换器，参数会将``-a`` 和``+a`` 视为同一个参数 ，这是不可取的。通过使用自定义类型转换器，我们能够区分这两个参数 。" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:897 +msgid "Conclusion" +msgstr "后记" + +#: ../../howto/argparse.rst:899 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`argparse` module offers a lot more than shown here. Its docs are " +"quite detailed and thorough, and full of examples. Having gone through this " +"tutorial, you should easily digest them without feeling overwhelmed." +msgstr "" +"除了这里显示的内容，:mod:`argparse` 模块还提供了更多功能。 它的文档相当详细和完整，包含大量示例。 " +"完成这个教程之后，你应该能毫不困难地阅读该文档。" diff --git a/howto/clinic.po b/howto/clinic.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98d9dfc9a --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/clinic.po @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Dai Xu , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/clinic.rst:8 +msgid "Argument Clinic How-To" +msgstr "Argument Clinic 的用法" + +#: ../../howto/clinic.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The Argument Clinic How-TO has been moved to the `Python Developer's Guide " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"Argument Clinic 指南已被移至 `Python Developer's Guide " +"`__。" diff --git a/howto/cporting.po b/howto/cporting.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf5195a39 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/cporting.po @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:52+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/cporting.rst:7 +msgid "Porting Extension Modules to Python 3" +msgstr "将扩展模块移植到 Python 3" + +#: ../../howto/cporting.rst:9 +msgid "" +"We recommend the following resources for porting extension modules to Python" +" 3:" +msgstr "对于将扩展模块移植到 Python 3，我们推荐下列资源：" + +#: ../../howto/cporting.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The `Migrating C extensions`_ chapter from *Supporting Python 3: An in-depth" +" guide*, a book on moving from Python 2 to Python 3 in general, guides the " +"reader through porting an extension module." +msgstr "" +"*Supporting Python 3: An in-depth guide* 中的 `Migrating C extensions`_ " +"这一章，这本书介绍了如何从 Python 2 迁移到 Python 3，包括指导读者如何移植扩展模块。" + +#: ../../howto/cporting.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The `Porting guide`_ from the *py3c* project provides opinionated " +"suggestions with supporting code." +msgstr "*py3c* 项目中的 `Porting guide`_ 提供了有关支持代码的指导性建议。" + +#: ../../howto/cporting.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The `Cython`_ and `CFFI`_ libraries offer abstractions over Python's C API. " +"Extensions generally need to be re-written to use one of them, but the " +"library then handles differences between various Python versions and " +"implementations." +msgstr "" +"`Cython`_ 和 `CFFI`_ 库提供了对于 Python 的 C API 的抽象。 " +"扩展大都需要进行重写以使用两者中的一个，然后就可以通过库来处理各种 Python 版本和实现之间的差异。" diff --git a/howto/curses.po b/howto/curses.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a612ac166 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/curses.po @@ -0,0 +1,1086 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:5 +msgid "Curses Programming with Python" +msgstr "用 Python 进行 Curses 编程" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:9 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling, Eric S. Raymond" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling, Eric S. Raymond" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:0 +msgid "Release" +msgstr "发布版本" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:10 +msgid "2.04" +msgstr "2.04" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst-1 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "摘要" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This document describes how to use the :mod:`curses` extension module to " +"control text-mode displays." +msgstr "本文档介绍了如何使用 :mod:`curses` 扩展模块控制文本模式的显示。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:20 +msgid "What is curses?" +msgstr "curses 是什么？" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The curses library supplies a terminal-independent screen-painting and " +"keyboard-handling facility for text-based terminals; such terminals include " +"VT100s, the Linux console, and the simulated terminal provided by various " +"programs. Display terminals support various control codes to perform common" +" operations such as moving the cursor, scrolling the screen, and erasing " +"areas. Different terminals use widely differing codes, and often have their" +" own minor quirks." +msgstr "" +"curses 库为基于文本的终端提供了独立于终端的屏幕绘制和键盘处理功能；这些终端包括 VT100，Linux " +"控制台以及各种程序提供的模拟终端。显示终端支持各种控制代码以执行常见的操作，例如移动光标，滚动屏幕和擦除区域。不同的终端使用相差很大的代码，并且往往有自己的小怪癖。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:30 +msgid "" +"In a world of graphical displays, one might ask \"why bother\"? It's true " +"that character-cell display terminals are an obsolete technology, but there " +"are niches in which being able to do fancy things with them are still " +"valuable. One niche is on small-footprint or embedded Unixes that don't run" +" an X server. Another is tools such as OS installers and kernel " +"configurators that may have to run before any graphical support is " +"available." +msgstr "" +"在普遍使用图形显示的世界中，人们可能会问“为什么自找要麻烦”？毕竟字符单元显示终端确实是一种过时的技术，但是在某些领域中，能够用它们做花哨的事情仍然很有价值。一个小众市场是在不运行" +" X server 的小型或嵌入式 Unix 上。另一个是在提供图形支持之前，可能需要运行的工具，例如操作系统安装程序和内核配置程序。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The curses library provides fairly basic functionality, providing the " +"programmer with an abstraction of a display containing multiple non-" +"overlapping windows of text. The contents of a window can be changed in " +"various ways---adding text, erasing it, changing its appearance---and the " +"curses library will figure out what control codes need to be sent to the " +"terminal to produce the right output. curses doesn't provide many user-" +"interface concepts such as buttons, checkboxes, or dialogs; if you need such" +" features, consider a user interface library such as :pypi:`Urwid`." +msgstr "" +"curses 库提供了相当基础的功能，为程序员提供了包含多个非重叠文本窗口的显示的抽象。 窗口的内容可以通过多种方式更改 --- " +"添加文本、擦除文本、更改其外观 --- 并且 curses 库将确定需要向终端发送哪些控制代码以产生正确的输出。 curses " +"并没有提供很多用户界面概念如按钮、复选框或对话框等；如果你需要这些特性，请考虑某种用户界面库例如 :pypi:`Urwid`。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The curses library was originally written for BSD Unix; the later System V " +"versions of Unix from AT&T added many enhancements and new functions. BSD " +"curses is no longer maintained, having been replaced by ncurses, which is an" +" open-source implementation of the AT&T interface. If you're using an open-" +"source Unix such as Linux or FreeBSD, your system almost certainly uses " +"ncurses. Since most current commercial Unix versions are based on System V " +"code, all the functions described here will probably be available. The " +"older versions of curses carried by some proprietary Unixes may not support " +"everything, though." +msgstr "" +"curses 库最初是为BSD Unix 编写的。 后来 AT&T 的Unix System V 版本加入了许多增强功能和新功能。如今BSD " +"curses已不再维护，被ncurses取代，ncurses是 AT&T 接口的开源实现。如果使用的是 Linux 或 FreeBSD " +"等开源Unix系统，则几乎肯定会使用ncurses。由于大多数当前的商业Unix版本都基于System " +"V代码，因此这里描述的所有功能可能都可用。但是，某些专有Unix所带来的较早版本的curses可能无法支持所有功能。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:58 +msgid "" +"The Windows version of Python doesn't include the :mod:`curses` module. A " +"ported version called :pypi:`UniCurses` is available." +msgstr "Python 的 Windows 版不包括 :mod:`curses` 模块。 一个可用的移植版本是 :pypi:`UniCurses`。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:63 +msgid "The Python curses module" +msgstr "Python 的 curses 模块" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The Python module is a fairly simple wrapper over the C functions provided " +"by curses; if you're already familiar with curses programming in C, it's " +"really easy to transfer that knowledge to Python. The biggest difference is" +" that the Python interface makes things simpler by merging different C " +"functions such as :c:func:`!addstr`, :c:func:`!mvaddstr`, and " +":c:func:`!mvwaddstr` into a single :meth:`~curses.window.addstr` method. " +"You'll see this covered in more detail later." +msgstr "" +"此 Python 模块是对 curses 所提供的 C 函数的一个相当简单的包装器；如果你已经熟悉在 C 中进行 curses 编程，把这些知识转移到 " +"Python 是非常容易的。 最大的差异在于 Python 接口通过将不同的 C 函数比如 :c:func:`!addstr`, " +":c:func:`!mvaddstr` 和 :c:func:`!mvwaddstr` 合并为一个 " +":meth:`~curses.window.addstr` 方法让事情变得更简单。 你将在稍后看到更详细的介绍。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:73 +msgid "" +"This HOWTO is an introduction to writing text-mode programs with curses and " +"Python. It doesn't attempt to be a complete guide to the curses API; for " +"that, see the Python library guide's section on ncurses, and the C manual " +"pages for ncurses. It will, however, give you the basic ideas." +msgstr "" +"本 HOWTO 是关于使用 curses 和 Python 编写文本模式程序的概述。它并不被设计为一个 curses API " +"的完整指南；如需完整指南，请参见 ncurses 的 Python 库指南章节和 ncurses 的 C 手册页。相对地，本 HOWTO " +"将会给你一些基本思路。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:80 +msgid "Starting and ending a curses application" +msgstr "开始和结束 curses 应用程序" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Before doing anything, curses must be initialized. This is done by calling " +"the :func:`~curses.initscr` function, which will determine the terminal " +"type, send any required setup codes to the terminal, and create various " +"internal data structures. If successful, :func:`!initscr` returns a window " +"object representing the entire screen; this is usually called ``stdscr`` " +"after the name of the corresponding C variable. ::" +msgstr "" +"在做任何事情之前，curses 必须被初始化。 这是通过调用 :func:`~curses.initscr` " +"函数来完成的，它将确定终端的类型，向终端发送任何必须的设置代码，并创建多种内部数据结构。 如果执行成功，:func:`!initscr` " +"将返回一个代表整个屏幕的窗口对象；它通常会按照对应的 C 变量被称为 ``stdscr``。 ::" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:90 +msgid "" +"import curses\n" +"stdscr = curses.initscr()" +msgstr "" +"import curses\n" +"stdscr = curses.initscr()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Usually curses applications turn off automatic echoing of keys to the " +"screen, in order to be able to read keys and only display them under certain" +" circumstances. This requires calling the :func:`~curses.noecho` function. " +"::" +msgstr "" +"使用 curses 的应用程序通常会关闭按键自动上屏，目的是读取按键并只在特定情况下展示它们。这需要调用函数 " +":func:`~curses.noecho`：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:98 +msgid "curses.noecho()" +msgstr "curses.noecho()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Applications will also commonly need to react to keys instantly, without " +"requiring the Enter key to be pressed; this is called cbreak mode, as " +"opposed to the usual buffered input mode. ::" +msgstr "应用程序也会广泛地需要立即响应按键，而不需要按下回车键；这被称为 “cbreak” 模式，与通常的缓冲输入模式相对：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:104 +msgid "curses.cbreak()" +msgstr "curses.cbreak()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Terminals usually return special keys, such as the cursor keys or navigation" +" keys such as Page Up and Home, as a multibyte escape sequence. While you " +"could write your application to expect such sequences and process them " +"accordingly, curses can do it for you, returning a special value such as " +":const:`curses.KEY_LEFT`. To get curses to do the job, you'll have to " +"enable keypad mode. ::" +msgstr "" +"终端通常会以多字节转义序列的形式返回特殊按键，比如光标键和导航键比如 Page Up 键和 Home " +"键。尽管你可以编写你的程序来应对这些序列，curses 能够代替你做到这件事，返回一个特殊值比如 " +":const:`curses.KEY_LEFT`。为了让 curses 做这项工作，你需要启用 keypad 模式：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:113 +msgid "stdscr.keypad(True)" +msgstr "stdscr.keypad(True)" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Terminating a curses application is much easier than starting one. You'll " +"need to call::" +msgstr "终止一个 curses 应用程序比建立一个容易得多，你只需要调用：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:118 +msgid "" +"curses.nocbreak()\n" +"stdscr.keypad(False)\n" +"curses.echo()" +msgstr "" +"curses.nocbreak()\n" +"stdscr.keypad(False)\n" +"curses.echo()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:122 +msgid "" +"to reverse the curses-friendly terminal settings. Then call the " +":func:`~curses.endwin` function to restore the terminal to its original " +"operating mode. ::" +msgstr "来还原对终端作出的 curses 友好设置。然后，调用函数 :func:`~curses.endwin` 来将终端还原到它的原始操作模式：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:126 +msgid "curses.endwin()" +msgstr "curses.endwin()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:128 +msgid "" +"A common problem when debugging a curses application is to get your terminal" +" messed up when the application dies without restoring the terminal to its " +"previous state. In Python this commonly happens when your code is buggy and" +" raises an uncaught exception. Keys are no longer echoed to the screen when" +" you type them, for example, which makes using the shell difficult." +msgstr "" +"调试一个 curses 应用程序时常会发生，一个应用程序还未能还原终端到原本的状态就意外退出了，这会搅乱你的终端。在 Python " +"中这常常会发生在你的代码中有 bug 并引发了一个未捕获的异常。当你尝试输入时按键不会上屏，这使得使用终端变得困难。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:134 +msgid "" +"In Python you can avoid these complications and make debugging much easier " +"by importing the :func:`curses.wrapper` function and using it like this::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中你可以避免这些复杂问题并让调试变得更简单，只需要导入 :func:`curses.wrapper` 函数并像这样使用它：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:137 +msgid "" +"from curses import wrapper\n" +"\n" +"def main(stdscr):\n" +" # Clear screen\n" +" stdscr.clear()\n" +"\n" +" # This raises ZeroDivisionError when i == 10.\n" +" for i in range(0, 11):\n" +" v = i-10\n" +" stdscr.addstr(i, 0, '10 divided by {} is {}'.format(v, 10/v))\n" +"\n" +" stdscr.refresh()\n" +" stdscr.getkey()\n" +"\n" +"wrapper(main)" +msgstr "" +"from curses import wrapper\n" +"\n" +"def main(stdscr):\n" +" # 清空屏幕\n" +" stdscr.clear()\n" +"\n" +" # 当 i == 10 时这将引发 ZeroDivisionError。\n" +" for i in range(0, 11):\n" +" v = i-10\n" +" stdscr.addstr(i, 0, '10 divided by {} is {}'.format(v, 10/v))\n" +"\n" +" stdscr.refresh()\n" +" stdscr.getkey()\n" +"\n" +"wrapper(main)" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:153 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~curses.wrapper` function takes a callable object and does the " +"initializations described above, also initializing colors if color support " +"is present. :func:`!wrapper` then runs your provided callable. Once the " +"callable returns, :func:`!wrapper` will restore the original state of the " +"terminal. The callable is called inside a :keyword:`try`...\\ " +":keyword:`except` that catches exceptions, restores the state of the " +"terminal, and then re-raises the exception. Therefore your terminal won't " +"be left in a funny state on exception and you'll be able to read the " +"exception's message and traceback." +msgstr "" +":func:`~curses.wrapper` 函数接受一个可调用对象并进行上述的初始化过程，如果终端支持彩色还会初始化颜色。 接下来 " +":func:`!wrapper` 会运行你提供的可调用对象。 当该可调用对象返回时，:func:`!wrapper` 将恢复终端的初始状态。 " +"该可调用对象会在 :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except` 再被调用以捕获异常，恢复终端状态，然后重新引发该异常。 " +"这样你的终端将不会在发生异常时处于不正常状态，你将能够读取异常的消息和回溯。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:165 +msgid "Windows and Pads" +msgstr "窗口和面板" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Windows are the basic abstraction in curses. A window object represents a " +"rectangular area of the screen, and supports methods to display text, erase " +"it, allow the user to input strings, and so forth." +msgstr "窗口是 curses 中的基本抽象。一个窗口对象表示了屏幕上的一个矩形区域，并且提供方法来显示文本、擦除文本、允许用户输入字符串等等。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:171 +msgid "" +"The ``stdscr`` object returned by the :func:`~curses.initscr` function is a " +"window object that covers the entire screen. Many programs may need only " +"this single window, but you might wish to divide the screen into smaller " +"windows, in order to redraw or clear them separately. The " +":func:`~curses.newwin` function creates a new window of a given size, " +"returning the new window object. ::" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`~curses.initscr` 返回的 ``stdscr`` " +"对象覆盖整个屏幕。许多程序可能只需要这一个窗口，但你可能希望把屏幕分割为多个更小的窗口，来分别重绘或者清除它们。函数 " +":func:`~curses.newwin` 根据给定的尺寸创建一个新窗口，并返回这个新的窗口对象：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:178 +msgid "" +"begin_x = 20; begin_y = 7\n" +"height = 5; width = 40\n" +"win = curses.newwin(height, width, begin_y, begin_x)" +msgstr "" +"begin_x = 20; begin_y = 7\n" +"height = 5; width = 40\n" +"win = curses.newwin(height, width, begin_y, begin_x)" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Note that the coordinate system used in curses is unusual. Coordinates are " +"always passed in the order *y,x*, and the top-left corner of a window is " +"coordinate (0,0). This breaks the normal convention for handling " +"coordinates where the *x* coordinate comes first. This is an unfortunate " +"difference from most other computer applications, but it's been part of " +"curses since it was first written, and it's too late to change things now." +msgstr "" +"注意 curses 使用的坐标系统与寻常的不同。坐标始终是以 *y,x* 的顺序传递，并且左上角是坐标 (0,0)。这打破了正常的坐标处理约定，即 " +"*x* 坐标在前。这是一个与其他计算机应用程序糟糕的差异，但这从 curses 最初被编写出来就已是它的一部分，现在想要修改它已为时已晚。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Your application can determine the size of the screen by using the " +":data:`curses.LINES` and :data:`curses.COLS` variables to obtain the *y* and" +" *x* sizes. Legal coordinates will then extend from ``(0,0)`` to " +"``(curses.LINES - 1, curses.COLS - 1)``." +msgstr "" +"你的应用程序能够查明屏幕的尺寸，:data:`curses.LINES` 和 :data:`curses.COLS` 分别代表了 *y* 和 *x* " +"方向上的尺寸。合理的坐标应位于 ``(0,0)`` 到 ``(curses.LINES - 1, curses.COLS - 1)`` 范围内。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:195 +msgid "" +"When you call a method to display or erase text, the effect doesn't " +"immediately show up on the display. Instead you must call the " +":meth:`~curses.window.refresh` method of window objects to update the " +"screen." +msgstr "" +"当你调用一个方法来显示或擦除文本时，效果并不会立即显示。相反，你必须调用窗口对象的 :meth:`~curses.window.refresh` " +"方法来更新屏幕。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:200 +msgid "" +"This is because curses was originally written with slow 300-baud terminal " +"connections in mind; with these terminals, minimizing the time required to " +"redraw the screen was very important. Instead curses accumulates changes to" +" the screen and displays them in the most efficient manner when you call " +":meth:`!refresh`. For example, if your program displays some text in a " +"window and then clears the window, there's no need to send the original text" +" because they're never visible." +msgstr "" +"这是因为 curses 最初是针对 300 波特的龟速终端连接编写的；在这些终端上，减少重绘屏幕的时间非常重要。 相应地当你调用 " +":meth:`!refresh` 时 curses 会累积对屏幕的修改并以最高效的方式显示它们。 " +"打个比方，如果你的程序在某个窗口内显示一些文本然后清空了该窗口，那么就没有必要发送这些原始文本因为它们从来都不可见。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:209 +msgid "" +"In practice, explicitly telling curses to redraw a window doesn't really " +"complicate programming with curses much. Most programs go into a flurry of " +"activity, and then pause waiting for a keypress or some other action on the " +"part of the user. All you have to do is to be sure that the screen has been" +" redrawn before pausing to wait for user input, by first calling " +":meth:`!stdscr.refresh` or the :meth:`!refresh` method of some other " +"relevant window." +msgstr "" +"在实践中，显式地告诉 curses 重绘一个窗口并不会真的让 curses 复杂多少。 " +"大部分程序会进行一系列活动，然后暂停并等待按键或者用户方的其他动作。 你要做的事情就是保证屏幕在暂停并等待用户输入之前已被重绘，具体方式是首先调用 " +":meth:`!stdscr.refresh` 或其他相关窗口的 :meth:`!refresh` 方法。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:217 +msgid "" +"A pad is a special case of a window; it can be larger than the actual " +"display screen, and only a portion of the pad displayed at a time. Creating " +"a pad requires the pad's height and width, while refreshing a pad requires " +"giving the coordinates of the on-screen area where a subsection of the pad " +"will be displayed. ::" +msgstr "" +"一个面板是一种特殊的窗口，它可以比实际的显示屏幕更大，并且能只显示它的一部分。创建面板需要指定面板的高度和宽度，但刷新一个面板需要给出屏幕坐标和面板的需要显示的局部。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:223 +msgid "" +"pad = curses.newpad(100, 100)\n" +"# These loops fill the pad with letters; addch() is\n" +"# explained in the next section\n" +"for y in range(0, 99):\n" +" for x in range(0, 99):\n" +" pad.addch(y,x, ord('a') + (x*x+y*y) % 26)\n" +"\n" +"# Displays a section of the pad in the middle of the screen.\n" +"# (0,0) : coordinate of upper-left corner of pad area to display.\n" +"# (5,5) : coordinate of upper-left corner of window area to be filled\n" +"# with pad content.\n" +"# (20, 75) : coordinate of lower-right corner of window area to be\n" +"# : filled with pad content.\n" +"pad.refresh( 0,0, 5,5, 20,75)" +msgstr "" +"pad = curses.newpad(100, 100)\n" +"# 这个循环使用字母填充 pad；addch() 函数将在下一部分解释\n" +"for y in range(0, 99):\n" +" for x in range(0, 99):\n" +" pad.addch(y,x, ord('a') + (x*x+y*y) % 26)\n" +"\n" +"# 在屏幕中央显示 pad 的某个区域。\n" +"# (0,0) ：要显示的 pad 区域的左上角坐标。\n" +"# (5,5) ：要填充到窗口的左上角坐标。\n" +"# (20, 75) ：填充到窗口的右下角坐标。\n" +"pad.refresh( 0,0, 5,5, 20,75)" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:238 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!refresh` call displays a section of the pad in the rectangle " +"extending from coordinate (5,5) to coordinate (20,75) on the screen; the " +"upper left corner of the displayed section is coordinate (0,0) on the pad. " +"Beyond that difference, pads are exactly like ordinary windows and support " +"the same methods." +msgstr "" +"此 :meth:`!refresh` 调用位在屏幕坐标 (5,5) 到坐标 (20,75) 的矩形范围内显示面板的一个部分；被显示部分在面板上的坐标是 " +"(0,0)。 除了上述差异，面板非常像是普通窗口并支持相同的方法。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:244 +msgid "" +"If you have multiple windows and pads on screen there is a more efficient " +"way to update the screen and prevent annoying screen flicker as each part of" +" the screen gets updated. :meth:`!refresh` actually does two things:" +msgstr "" +"如果你在屏幕上有多个窗口和面板那么有个更高效的方式来更新屏幕并防止屏幕的每部分被更新时出现烦人的屏幕闪烁。 :meth:`!refresh` " +"实际上做了两件事:" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Calls the :meth:`~curses.window.noutrefresh` method of each window to update" +" an underlying data structure representing the desired state of the screen." +msgstr "调用每个窗口的 :meth:`~curses.window.noutrefresh` 方法来更新一个表达屏幕期望状态的底层的数据结构。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Calls the function :func:`~curses.doupdate` function to change the physical " +"screen to match the desired state recorded in the data structure." +msgstr "调用函数 :func:`~curses.doupdate` 来改变物理屏幕来符合这个数据结构中记录的期望状态。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Instead you can call :meth:`!noutrefresh` on a number of windows to update " +"the data structure, and then call :func:`!doupdate` to update the screen." +msgstr "" +"你可以改为在多个窗口上调用 :meth:`!noutrefresh` 来更新该数据结构，然后调用 :func:`!doupdate` 来更新屏幕。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:261 +msgid "Displaying Text" +msgstr "显示文字" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:263 +msgid "" +"From a C programmer's point of view, curses may sometimes look like a twisty" +" maze of functions, all subtly different. For example, :c:func:`!addstr` " +"displays a string at the current cursor location in the ``stdscr`` window, " +"while :c:func:`!mvaddstr` moves to a given y,x coordinate first before " +"displaying the string. :c:func:`!waddstr` is just like :c:func:`!addstr`, " +"but allows specifying a window to use instead of using ``stdscr`` by " +"default. :c:func:`!mvwaddstr` allows specifying both a window and a " +"coordinate." +msgstr "" +"从一名 C 程序员的视角来看，curses 有时看起来就像是一堆函数组成的迷宫，每个都有细微的差异。 举个例子，:c:func:`!addstr` 是在" +" ``stdscr`` 窗口的当前光标位置显示一个字符串，而 :c:func:`!mvaddstr` 则是在显示字符串之前先移动到给定的 y,x 坐标。" +" :c:func:`!waddstr` 与 :c:func:`!addstr` 很像，但允许指定一个要使用的窗口而不是默认使用 ``stdscr``。 " +":c:func:`!mvwaddstr` 允许同时指定一个窗口和一个坐标。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Fortunately the Python interface hides all these details. ``stdscr`` is a " +"window object like any other, and methods such as " +":meth:`~curses.window.addstr` accept multiple argument forms. Usually there" +" are four different forms." +msgstr "" +"幸运的是，Python 接口隐藏了所有这些细节。``stdscr`` 和其他任何窗口一样是一个窗口对象，并且诸如 " +":meth:`~curses.window.addstr` 之类的方法接受多种参数形式。通常有四种形式。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:278 +msgid "Form" +msgstr "形式" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:278 ../../howto/curses.rst:346 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:280 +msgid "*str* or *ch*" +msgstr "*str* 或 *ch*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:280 +msgid "Display the string *str* or character *ch* at the current position" +msgstr "在当前位置显示字符串 *str* 或字符 *ch*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:283 +msgid "*str* or *ch*, *attr*" +msgstr "*str* 或 *ch*, *attr*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Display the string *str* or character *ch*, using attribute *attr* at the " +"current position" +msgstr "在当前位置使用 *attr* 属性显示字符串 *str* 或字符 *ch*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:287 +msgid "*y*, *x*, *str* or *ch*" +msgstr "*y*, *x*, *str* 或 *ch*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:287 +msgid "Move to position *y,x* within the window, and display *str* or *ch*" +msgstr "移动到窗口内的 *y,x* 位置，并显示 *str* 或 *ch*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:290 +msgid "*y*, *x*, *str* or *ch*, *attr*" +msgstr "*y*, *x*, *str* 或 *ch*, *attr*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Move to position *y,x* within the window, and display *str* or *ch*, using " +"attribute *attr*" +msgstr "移至窗口内的 *y,x* 位置，并使用 *attr* 属性显示 *str* 或 *ch*" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:294 +msgid "" +"Attributes allow displaying text in highlighted forms such as boldface, " +"underline, reverse code, or in color. They'll be explained in more detail " +"in the next subsection." +msgstr "属性允许以突出显示形态显示文本，比如加粗、下划线、反相或添加颜色。这些属性将来下一小节细说。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:299 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~curses.window.addstr` method takes a Python string or bytestring" +" as the value to be displayed. The contents of bytestrings are sent to the " +"terminal as-is. Strings are encoded to bytes using the value of the " +"window's :attr:`~window.encoding` attribute; this defaults to the default " +"system encoding as returned by :func:`locale.getencoding`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~curses.window.addstr` 方法接受一个 Python 字符串或字节串作为要显示的值。 字节串的内容会被原样发送到终端。" +" 字符串会使用窗口的 :attr:`~window.encoding` 属性值指定的编码格式编码为字节串；该值默认为 " +":func:`locale.getencoding` 所返回的系统编码格式。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:305 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~curses.window.addch` methods take a character, which can be " +"either a string of length 1, a bytestring of length 1, or an integer." +msgstr "" +"方法 :meth:`~curses.window.addch` 接受一个字符，可以是长度为 1 的字符串，长度为 1 的字节串或者一个整数。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:308 +msgid "" +"Constants are provided for extension characters; these constants are " +"integers greater than 255. For example, :const:`ACS_PLMINUS` is a +/- " +"symbol, and :const:`ACS_ULCORNER` is the upper left corner of a box (handy " +"for drawing borders). You can also use the appropriate Unicode character." +msgstr "" +"对于特殊扩展字符有一些常量，这些常量是大于 255 的整数。比如，:const:`ACS_PLMINUS` 是一个 “加减” " +"符号，:const:`ACS_ULCORNER` 是一个框的左上角（方便绘制边界）。你也可以使用正确的 Unicode 字符。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Windows remember where the cursor was left after the last operation, so if " +"you leave out the *y,x* coordinates, the string or character will be " +"displayed wherever the last operation left off. You can also move the " +"cursor with the ``move(y,x)`` method. Because some terminals always display" +" a flashing cursor, you may want to ensure that the cursor is positioned in " +"some location where it won't be distracting; it can be confusing to have the" +" cursor blinking at some apparently random location." +msgstr "" +"窗口会记住上次操作之后光标所在位置，所以如果你忽略 *y,x* 坐标，字符串和字符会出现在上次操作结束的位置。你也可以通过 ``move(y,x)`` " +"的方法来移动光标。因为一些终端始终会显示一个闪烁的光标，你可能会想要保证光标处于一些不会让人感到分心的位置。在看似随机的位置出现一个闪烁的光标会令人非常迷惑。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:322 +msgid "" +"If your application doesn't need a blinking cursor at all, you can call " +"``curs_set(False)`` to make it invisible. For compatibility with older " +"curses versions, there's a ``leaveok(bool)`` function that's a synonym for " +":func:`~curses.curs_set`. When *bool* is true, the curses library will " +"attempt to suppress the flashing cursor, and you won't need to worry about " +"leaving it in odd locations." +msgstr "" +"如果你的应用程序完全不需要一个闪烁的光标，你可以调用 ``curs_set(False)`` 来使它隐形。为与旧版本 curses " +"的兼容性的关系，有函数 ``leaveok(bool)`` 作为 :func:`~curses.curs_set` 的等价替换。如果 *bool* " +"是真值，curses 库会尝试移除闪烁光标，并且你也不必担心它会留在一些奇怪的位置。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:331 +msgid "Attributes and Color" +msgstr "属性和颜色" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:333 +msgid "" +"Characters can be displayed in different ways. Status lines in a text-based" +" application are commonly shown in reverse video, or a text viewer may need " +"to highlight certain words. curses supports this by allowing you to specify" +" an attribute for each cell on the screen." +msgstr "" +"字符可以以不同的方式显示。基于文本的应用程序常常以反相显示状态行，一个文本查看器可能需要突出显示某些单词。为了支持这种用法，curses " +"允许你为屏幕上的每个单元指定一个属性值。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:338 +msgid "" +"An attribute is an integer, each bit representing a different attribute. " +"You can try to display text with multiple attribute bits set, but curses " +"doesn't guarantee that all the possible combinations are available, or that " +"they're all visually distinct. That depends on the ability of the terminal " +"being used, so it's safest to stick to the most commonly available " +"attributes, listed here." +msgstr "" +"属性值是一个整数，它的每一个二进制位代表一个不同的属性。你可以尝试以多种不属性位组合来显示文本，但 curses " +"不保证所有的组合都是有效的，或者看上去有明显不同。这一点取决于用户终端的能力，所以最稳妥的方式是只采用最常见的有效属性，见下表。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:346 +msgid "Attribute" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:348 +msgid ":const:`A_BLINK`" +msgstr ":const:`A_BLINK`" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:348 +msgid "Blinking text" +msgstr "闪烁文本" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:350 +msgid ":const:`A_BOLD`" +msgstr ":const:`A_BOLD`" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:350 +msgid "Extra bright or bold text" +msgstr "超亮或粗体文本" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:352 +msgid ":const:`A_DIM`" +msgstr ":const:`A_DIM`" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:352 +msgid "Half bright text" +msgstr "半明亮文本" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:354 +msgid ":const:`A_REVERSE`" +msgstr ":const:`A_REVERSE`" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:354 +msgid "Reverse-video text" +msgstr "反相显示文本" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:356 +msgid ":const:`A_STANDOUT`" +msgstr ":const:`A_STANDOUT`" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:356 +msgid "The best highlighting mode available" +msgstr "可用的最佳突出显示模式" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:358 +msgid ":const:`A_UNDERLINE`" +msgstr ":const:`A_UNDERLINE`" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:358 +msgid "Underlined text" +msgstr "带下划线的文本" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:361 +msgid "" +"So, to display a reverse-video status line on the top line of the screen, " +"you could code::" +msgstr "所以，为了在屏幕顶部显示一个反相的状态行，你可以这么编写：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:364 +msgid "" +"stdscr.addstr(0, 0, \"Current mode: Typing mode\",\n" +" curses.A_REVERSE)\n" +"stdscr.refresh()" +msgstr "" +"stdscr.addstr(0, 0, \"Current mode: Typing mode\",\n" +" curses.A_REVERSE)\n" +"stdscr.refresh()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:368 +msgid "" +"The curses library also supports color on those terminals that provide it. " +"The most common such terminal is probably the Linux console, followed by " +"color xterms." +msgstr "" +"curses 库还支持在提供了颜色功能的终端上显示颜色的功能。最常见的提供颜色的终端很可能是 Linux 控制台，采用了 xterms 配色方案。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:372 +msgid "" +"To use color, you must call the :func:`~curses.start_color` function soon " +"after calling :func:`~curses.initscr`, to initialize the default color set " +"(the :func:`curses.wrapper` function does this automatically). Once that's " +"done, the :func:`~curses.has_colors` function returns TRUE if the terminal " +"in use can actually display color. (Note: curses uses the American spelling" +" 'color', instead of the Canadian/British spelling 'colour'. If you're used" +" to the British spelling, you'll have to resign yourself to misspelling it " +"for the sake of these functions.)" +msgstr "" +"为了使用颜色，你必须在调用完函数 :func:`~curses.initscr` 后尽快调用函数 " +":func:`~curses.start_color`，来初始化默认颜色集 (:func:`curses.wrapper` 函数自动完成了这一点)。 " +"当它完成后，如果使用中的终端支持显示颜色， :func:`~curses.has_colors` 会返回真值。 （注意：curses 使用美式拼写 " +"“color”，而不是英式／加拿大拼写 “colour”。如果你习惯了英式拼写，你需要避免自己在这些函数上拼写错误。）" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:382 +msgid "" +"The curses library maintains a finite number of color pairs, containing a " +"foreground (or text) color and a background color. You can get the " +"attribute value corresponding to a color pair with the " +":func:`~curses.color_pair` function; this can be bitwise-OR'ed with other " +"attributes such as :const:`A_REVERSE`, but again, such combinations are not " +"guaranteed to work on all terminals." +msgstr "" +"curses 库维护一个有限数量的颜色对，包括一个前景（文本）色和一个背景色。你可以使用函数 :func:`~curses.color_pair` " +"获得一个颜色对对应的属性值。它可以通过按位或运算与其他属性，比如 :const:`A_REVERSE` " +"组合。但再说明一遍，这种组合并不保证在所有终端上都有效。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:389 +msgid "An example, which displays a line of text using color pair 1::" +msgstr "一个样例，用 1 号颜色对显示一行文本：" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:391 +msgid "" +"stdscr.addstr(\"Pretty text\", curses.color_pair(1))\n" +"stdscr.refresh()" +msgstr "" +"stdscr.addstr(\"Pretty text\", curses.color_pair(1))\n" +"stdscr.refresh()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:394 +msgid "" +"As I said before, a color pair consists of a foreground and background " +"color. The ``init_pair(n, f, b)`` function changes the definition of color " +"pair *n*, to foreground color f and background color b. Color pair 0 is " +"hard-wired to white on black, and cannot be changed." +msgstr "" +"如前所述， 颜色对由前景色和背景色组成。 ``init_pair(n, f, b)`` 函数可改变颜色对 *n* 的定义 为前景色 f 和背景色 b。" +" 颜色对 0 硬编码为黑底白字，不能改变。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Colors are numbered, and :func:`start_color` initializes 8 basic colors when" +" it activates color mode. They are: 0:black, 1:red, 2:green, 3:yellow, " +"4:blue, 5:magenta, 6:cyan, and 7:white. The :mod:`curses` module defines " +"named constants for each of these colors: :const:`curses.COLOR_BLACK`, " +":const:`curses.COLOR_RED`, and so forth." +msgstr "" +"颜色已经被编号，并且当其激活 color 模式时 :func:`start_color` 会初始化 8 种基本颜色。 它们是: 0:black, " +"1:red, 2:green, 3:yellow, 4:blue, 5:magenta, 6:cyan 和 7:white。 :mod:`curses`" +" 模块为这些颜色定义了相应的名称常量: :const:`curses.COLOR_BLACK`, :const:`curses.COLOR_RED` " +"等等。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Let's put all this together. To change color 1 to red text on a white " +"background, you would call::" +msgstr "让我们来做个综合练习。 要将颜色 1 改为红色文本白色背景，你应当调用::" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:408 +msgid "curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_RED, curses.COLOR_WHITE)" +msgstr "curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_RED, curses.COLOR_WHITE)" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:410 +msgid "" +"When you change a color pair, any text already displayed using that color " +"pair will change to the new colors. You can also display new text in this " +"color with::" +msgstr "当你改变一个颜色对时，任何已经使用该颜色对来显示的文本将会更改为新的颜色。 你还可以这样来显示新颜色的文本::" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:414 +msgid "stdscr.addstr(0,0, \"RED ALERT!\", curses.color_pair(1))" +msgstr "stdscr.addstr(0,0, \"RED ALERT!\", curses.color_pair(1))" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Very fancy terminals can change the definitions of the actual colors to a " +"given RGB value. This lets you change color 1, which is usually red, to " +"purple or blue or any other color you like. Unfortunately, the Linux " +"console doesn't support this, so I'm unable to try it out, and can't provide" +" any examples. You can check if your terminal can do this by calling " +":func:`~curses.can_change_color`, which returns ``True`` if the capability " +"is there. If you're lucky enough to have such a talented terminal, consult " +"your system's man pages for more information." +msgstr "" +"某些非常花哨的终端可以将实际颜色定义修改为给定的 RGB 值。 这允许你将通常为红色的 1 号颜色改成紫色或蓝色或者任何你喜欢的颜色。 " +"不幸的是，Linux 控制台不支持此特性，所以我无法尝试它，也无法提供任何示例。 想要检查你的终端是否能做到你可以调用 " +":func:`~curses.can_change_color`，如果有此功能则它将返回 ``True``。 " +"如果你幸运地拥有一个如此优秀的终端，请查询你的系统的帮助页面来了解详情。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:427 +msgid "User Input" +msgstr "用户输入" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:429 +msgid "" +"The C curses library offers only very simple input mechanisms. Python's " +":mod:`curses` module adds a basic text-input widget. (Other libraries such " +"as :pypi:`Urwid` have more extensive collections of widgets.)" +msgstr "" +"C curses 库只提供了非常简单的输入机制。 Python 的 :mod:`curses` 模块增加了一个基本的文本输入控件。 （其他的库如 " +":pypi:`Urwid` 拥有更丰富的控件集。）" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:433 +msgid "There are two methods for getting input from a window:" +msgstr "有两个方法可以从窗口获取输入:" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:435 +msgid "" +":meth:`~curses.window.getch` refreshes the screen and then waits for the " +"user to hit a key, displaying the key if :func:`~curses.echo` has been " +"called earlier. You can optionally specify a coordinate to which the cursor" +" should be moved before pausing." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~curses.window.getch` 会刷新屏幕然后等待用户按键，如果之前调用过 :func:`~curses.echo` " +"还会显示所按的键。 你还可以选择指定一个坐标以便在暂停之前让光标移动到那里。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:440 +msgid "" +":meth:`~curses.window.getkey` does the same thing but converts the integer " +"to a string. Individual characters are returned as 1-character strings, and" +" special keys such as function keys return longer strings containing a key " +"name such as ``KEY_UP`` or ``^G``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~curses.window.getkey` 将做同样的事但是会把整数转换为字符串。 每个字符将返回为长度为 1 " +"个字符的字符串，特殊键例如函数键将返回包含键名的较长字符串例如 ``KEY_UP`` 或 ``^G``。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:445 +msgid "" +"It's possible to not wait for the user using the " +":meth:`~curses.window.nodelay` window method. After ``nodelay(True)``, " +":meth:`!getch` and :meth:`!getkey` for the window become non-blocking. To " +"signal that no input is ready, :meth:`!getch` returns ``curses.ERR`` (a " +"value of -1) and :meth:`!getkey` raises an exception. There's also a " +":func:`~curses.halfdelay` function, which can be used to (in effect) set a " +"timer on each :meth:`!getch`; if no input becomes available within a " +"specified delay (measured in tenths of a second), curses raises an " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`~curses.window.nodelay` 窗口方法可以不等待用户操作。 在 ``nodelay(True)`` " +"之后，窗口的:meth:`!getch` 和 :meth:`!getkey` 将成为非阻塞的。 为表明输入未就绪，:meth:`!getch` 会返回 " +"``curses.ERR`` (值为 -1) 并且 :meth:`!getkey` 会引发异常。 此外还有 " +":func:`~curses.halfdelay` 函数，它可被用来 (实际地) 在每个 :meth:`!getch` " +"上设置一个计时器；如果在指定的延迟内 (以十分之一秒为单位) 输入还不可用，curses 将引发异常。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:455 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!getch` method returns an integer; if it's between 0 and 255, it " +"represents the ASCII code of the key pressed. Values greater than 255 are " +"special keys such as Page Up, Home, or the cursor keys. You can compare the " +"value returned to constants such as :const:`curses.KEY_PPAGE`, " +":const:`curses.KEY_HOME`, or :const:`curses.KEY_LEFT`. The main loop of " +"your program may look something like this::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!getch` 方法返回一个整数；如果其值在 0 到 255 之间，它代表所按的键的 ASCII 码。 大于 255 的值为特殊键例如 " +"Page Up, Home 或方向键等。 你可以将返回的值与 :const:`curses.KEY_PPAGE`, " +":const:`curses.KEY_HOME` 或 :const:`curses.KEY_LEFT` 等常量做比较。 " +"你的程序的主循环看起来可能会像这样::" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:462 +msgid "" +"while True:\n" +" c = stdscr.getch()\n" +" if c == ord('p'):\n" +" PrintDocument()\n" +" elif c == ord('q'):\n" +" break # Exit the while loop\n" +" elif c == curses.KEY_HOME:\n" +" x = y = 0" +msgstr "" +"while True:\n" +" c = stdscr.getch()\n" +" if c == ord('p'):\n" +" PrintDocument()\n" +" elif c == ord('q'):\n" +" break # 退出 while 循环\n" +" elif c == curses.KEY_HOME:\n" +" x = y = 0" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:471 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses.ascii` module supplies ASCII class membership functions " +"that take either integer or 1-character string arguments; these may be " +"useful in writing more readable tests for such loops. It also supplies " +"conversion functions that take either integer or 1-character-string " +"arguments and return the same type. For example, :func:`curses.ascii.ctrl` " +"returns the control character corresponding to its argument." +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses.ascii` 模块提供了一些 ASCII 类成员函数，它们接受整数或长度为 1 " +"个字符的字符串参数；这些函数在为这样的循环编写更具可读性的测试时可能会很有用。 它还提供了一些转换函数，它们接受整数或长度为 1 " +"个字符的字符串参数并返回同样的类型。 例如，:func:`curses.ascii.ctrl` 返回与其参数相对应的控制字符。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:478 +msgid "" +"There's also a method to retrieve an entire string, " +":meth:`~curses.window.getstr`. It isn't used very often, because its " +"functionality is quite limited; the only editing keys available are the " +"backspace key and the Enter key, which terminates the string. It can " +"optionally be limited to a fixed number of characters. ::" +msgstr "" +"还有一个可以提取整个字符串的方法 :meth:`~curses.window.getstr`。 它并不经常被使用，因为它的功能相当受限；可用的编辑键只有" +" Backspace 和 Enter 键，它们会结束字符串。 也可以选择限制为固定数量的字符。 ::" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:484 +msgid "" +"curses.echo() # Enable echoing of characters\n" +"\n" +"# Get a 15-character string, with the cursor on the top line\n" +"s = stdscr.getstr(0,0, 15)" +msgstr "" +"curses.echo() # 启用字符回显\n" +"\n" +"# 获取一个 15 个字符的字符串，光标位于顶端行\n" +"s = stdscr.getstr(0,0, 15)" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:489 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses.textpad` module supplies a text box that supports an Emacs-" +"like set of keybindings. Various methods of the " +":class:`~curses.textpad.Textbox` class support editing with input validation" +" and gathering the edit results either with or without trailing spaces. " +"Here's an example::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses.textpad` 模块提供了一个文本框，它支持类似 Emacs 的键绑定集。 " +":class:`~curses.textpad.Textbox` 类的各种方法支持带输入验证的编辑及包含或不包含末尾空格地收集编辑结果。 " +"下面是一个例子::" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:495 +msgid "" +"import curses\n" +"from curses.textpad import Textbox, rectangle\n" +"\n" +"def main(stdscr):\n" +" stdscr.addstr(0, 0, \"Enter IM message: (hit Ctrl-G to send)\")\n" +"\n" +" editwin = curses.newwin(5,30, 2,1)\n" +" rectangle(stdscr, 1,0, 1+5+1, 1+30+1)\n" +" stdscr.refresh()\n" +"\n" +" box = Textbox(editwin)\n" +"\n" +" # Let the user edit until Ctrl-G is struck.\n" +" box.edit()\n" +"\n" +" # Get resulting contents\n" +" message = box.gather()" +msgstr "" +"import curses\n" +"from curses.textpad import Textbox, rectangle\n" +"\n" +"def main(stdscr):\n" +" stdscr.addstr(0, 0, \"Enter IM message: (hit Ctrl-G to send)\")\n" +"\n" +" editwin = curses.newwin(5,30, 2,1)\n" +" rectangle(stdscr, 1,0, 1+5+1, 1+30+1)\n" +" stdscr.refresh()\n" +"\n" +" box = Textbox(editwin)\n" +"\n" +" # 让用户编辑直到按下 Ctrl-G。\n" +" box.edit()\n" +"\n" +" # 获取结果内容\n" +" message = box.gather()" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:513 +msgid "" +"See the library documentation on :mod:`curses.textpad` for more details." +msgstr "请查看 :mod:`curses.textpad` 的库文档了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:517 +msgid "For More Information" +msgstr "更多的信息" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:519 +msgid "" +"This HOWTO doesn't cover some advanced topics, such as reading the contents " +"of the screen or capturing mouse events from an xterm instance, but the " +"Python library page for the :mod:`curses` module is now reasonably complete." +" You should browse it next." +msgstr "" +"本 HOWTO 没有涵盖一些进阶主题，例如读取屏幕的内容或从 xterm 实例捕获鼠标事件等，但是 :mod:`curses` 模块的 Python " +"库文档页面现在已相当完善。 接下来你应当去浏览一下其中的内容。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:524 +msgid "" +"If you're in doubt about the detailed behavior of the curses functions, " +"consult the manual pages for your curses implementation, whether it's " +"ncurses or a proprietary Unix vendor's. The manual pages will document any " +"quirks, and provide complete lists of all the functions, attributes, and " +":ref:`ACS_\\* ` characters available to you." +msgstr "" +"如果你对 curses 函数的细节行为有疑问，请查看你的 curses 具体实现的指南页面不论它是 ncurses 还是特定 Unix 厂商的版本。 " +"指南页面将写明各种怪异问题，并为你提供所有函数、属性及可用 :ref:`ACS_\\* ` 字符的完整列表。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Because the curses API is so large, some functions aren't supported in the " +"Python interface. Often this isn't because they're difficult to implement, " +"but because no one has needed them yet. Also, Python doesn't yet support " +"the menu library associated with ncurses. Patches adding support for these " +"would be welcome; see `the Python Developer's Guide " +"`_ to learn more about submitting patches to " +"Python." +msgstr "" +"由于 curses API 是如此的庞大，某些函数并不被 Python 接口所支持。 这往往不是因为它们难以实现，而是因为还没有人需要它们。 " +"此外，Python 尚不支持与 ncurses 相关联的菜单库。 欢迎提供添加这些功能的补丁；请参阅 `Python 开发者指南 " +"`_ 了解有关为 Python 提交补丁的详情。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:539 +msgid "" +"`Writing Programs with NCURSES `_: a lengthy tutorial for C " +"programmers." +msgstr "" +"`Writing Programs with NCURSES `_: 一个面向 C 程序员的详细教程。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:541 +msgid "`The ncurses man page `_" +msgstr "`ncurses 手册主页 `_" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:542 +msgid "" +"`The ncurses FAQ `_" +msgstr "" +"`ncurses 常见问题 `_" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:543 +msgid "" +"`\"Use curses... don't swear\" " +"`_: video of a PyCon 2013 talk " +"on controlling terminals using curses or Urwid." +msgstr "" +"`\"使用 curses... 请勿爆粗\" `_: " +"一场有关使用 curses 或 Urwid 来控制终端的 PyCon 2013 演讲的视频。" + +#: ../../howto/curses.rst:545 +msgid "" +"`\"Console Applications with Urwid\" " +"`_: video of" +" a PyCon CA 2012 talk demonstrating some applications written using Urwid." +msgstr "" +"`\"使用 Urwid 的控制台应用程序\" `_: 一场演示使用 Urwid 编写应用程序的 PyCon CA 2012 演讲的视频。" diff --git a/howto/descriptor.po b/howto/descriptor.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0a92d211 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/descriptor.po @@ -0,0 +1,2629 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# banxi , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Zhikang Yan <2951256653@qq.com>, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-07 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:5 +msgid "Descriptor Guide" +msgstr "描述器指南" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:7 +msgid "Raymond Hettinger" +msgstr "Raymond Hettinger（译者：wh2099 at outlook dot com）" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:0 +msgid "Contact" +msgstr "联系方式" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:8 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:11 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:13 +msgid "" +":term:`Descriptors ` let objects customize attribute lookup, " +"storage, and deletion." +msgstr ":term:`描述器 ` 让对象能够自定义属性查找、存储和删除的操作。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:16 +msgid "This guide has four major sections:" +msgstr "本指南主要分为四个部分：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The \"primer\" gives a basic overview, moving gently from simple examples, " +"adding one feature at a time. Start here if you're new to descriptors." +msgstr "“入门” 部分从简单的示例着手，逐步添加特性，从而给出基本的概述。如果你是刚接触到描述器，请从这里开始。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:21 +msgid "" +"The second section shows a complete, practical descriptor example. If you " +"already know the basics, start there." +msgstr "第二部分展示了完整的、实用的描述器示例。如果您已经掌握了基础知识，请从此处开始。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The third section provides a more technical tutorial that goes into the " +"detailed mechanics of how descriptors work. Most people don't need this " +"level of detail." +msgstr "第三部分提供了更多技术教程，详细介绍了描述器如何工作。大多数人并不需要深入到这种程度。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The last section has pure Python equivalents for built-in descriptors that " +"are written in C. Read this if you're curious about how functions turn into" +" bound methods or about the implementation of common tools like " +":func:`classmethod`, :func:`staticmethod`, :func:`property`, and " +":term:`__slots__`." +msgstr "" +"最后一部分有对内置描述器（用 C 编写）的纯 Python 等价实现。如果您想了解函数如何变成绑定方法或对 :func:`classmethod`， " +":func:`staticmethod`，:func:`property` 和 :term:`__slots__` " +"这类常见工具的实现感兴趣，请阅读此部分。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:36 +msgid "Primer" +msgstr "入门" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:38 +msgid "" +"In this primer, we start with the most basic possible example and then we'll" +" add new capabilities one by one." +msgstr "现在，让我们从最基本的示例开始，然后逐步添加新功能。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:43 +msgid "Simple example: A descriptor that returns a constant" +msgstr "简单示例：返回常量的描述器" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!Ten` class is a descriptor whose :meth:`~object.__get__` method" +" always returns the constant ``10``:" +msgstr ":class:`!Ten` 类是一个描述器，其 :meth:`~object.__get__` 方法始终返回常量 ``10``:" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:48 +msgid "" +"class Ten:\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return 10" +msgstr "" +"class Ten:\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return 10" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:54 +msgid "" +"To use the descriptor, it must be stored as a class variable in another " +"class:" +msgstr "要使用描述器，它必须作为一个类变量存储在另一个类中：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:56 +msgid "" +"class A:\n" +" x = 5 # Regular class attribute\n" +" y = Ten() # Descriptor instance" +msgstr "" +"class A:\n" +" x = 5 # 常规类属性\n" +" y = Ten() # 描述器实例" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:62 +msgid "" +"An interactive session shows the difference between normal attribute lookup " +"and descriptor lookup:" +msgstr "用交互式会话查看普通属性查找和描述器查找之间的区别：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:65 +msgid "" +">>> a = A() # Make an instance of class A\n" +">>> a.x # Normal attribute lookup\n" +"5\n" +">>> a.y # Descriptor lookup\n" +"10" +msgstr "" +">>> a = A() # 创建一个类 A 的实例\n" +">>> a.x # 正常属性查找\n" +"5\n" +">>> a.y # 描述器查找\n" +"10" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:73 +msgid "" +"In the ``a.x`` attribute lookup, the dot operator finds ``'x': 5`` in the " +"class dictionary. In the ``a.y`` lookup, the dot operator finds a " +"descriptor instance, recognized by its ``__get__`` method. Calling that " +"method returns ``10``." +msgstr "" +"在 ``a.x`` 属性查找中，点运算符会找到存储在类字典中的 ``'x': 5``。 在 ``a.y`` 查找中，点运算符会根据描述器实例的 " +"``__get__`` 方法将其识别出来，调用该方法并返回 ``10`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Note that the value ``10`` is not stored in either the class dictionary or " +"the instance dictionary. Instead, the value ``10`` is computed on demand." +msgstr "请注意，值 ``10`` 既不存储在类字典中也不存储在实例字典中。相反，值 ``10`` 是在调用时才取到的。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:81 +msgid "" +"This example shows how a simple descriptor works, but it isn't very useful. " +"For retrieving constants, normal attribute lookup would be better." +msgstr "这个简单的例子展示了一个描述器是如何工作的，但它不是很有用。在查找常量时，用常规属性查找会更好。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:84 +msgid "" +"In the next section, we'll create something more useful, a dynamic lookup." +msgstr "在下一节中，我们将创建更有用的东西，即动态查找。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:88 +msgid "Dynamic lookups" +msgstr "动态查找" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Interesting descriptors typically run computations instead of returning " +"constants:" +msgstr "有趣的描述器通常运行计算而不是返回常量：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:93 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"class DirectorySize:\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return len(os.listdir(obj.dirname))\n" +"\n" +"class Directory:\n" +"\n" +" size = DirectorySize() # Descriptor instance\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, dirname):\n" +" self.dirname = dirname # Regular instance attribute" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"class DirectorySize:\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return len(os.listdir(obj.dirname))\n" +"\n" +"class Directory:\n" +"\n" +" size = DirectorySize() # 描述器实例\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, dirname):\n" +" self.dirname = dirname # 常规实例属性" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:109 +msgid "" +"An interactive session shows that the lookup is dynamic — it computes " +"different, updated answers each time::" +msgstr "交互式会话显示查找是动态的，每次都会计算不同的，经过更新的返回值::" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:112 +msgid "" +">>> s = Directory('songs')\n" +">>> g = Directory('games')\n" +">>> s.size # The songs directory has twenty files\n" +"20\n" +">>> g.size # The games directory has three files\n" +"3\n" +">>> os.remove('games/chess') # Delete a game\n" +">>> g.size # File count is automatically updated\n" +"2" +msgstr "" +">>> s = Directory('songs')\n" +">>> g = Directory('games')\n" +">>> s.size # songs 目录有二十个文件\n" +"20\n" +">>> g.size # games 目录有三个文件\n" +"3\n" +">>> os.remove('games/chess') # 删除一个 game\n" +">>> g.size # 文件计数将自动更新\n" +"2" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Besides showing how descriptors can run computations, this example also " +"reveals the purpose of the parameters to :meth:`~object.__get__`. The " +"*self* parameter is *size*, an instance of *DirectorySize*. The *obj* " +"parameter is either *g* or *s*, an instance of *Directory*. It is the *obj*" +" parameter that lets the :meth:`~object.__get__` method learn the target " +"directory. The *objtype* parameter is the class *Directory*." +msgstr "" +"除了说明描述器如何运行计算，这个例子也揭示了传给 :meth:`~object.__get__` 的形参的目的。 *self* 形参为 " +"*size*，即一个 *DirectorySize* 的实例。 *obj* 形参为 *g* 或 *s*，即一个 *Directory* 的实例。 " +"*obj* 形参让 :meth:`~object.__get__` 方法获知目标目录。 *objtype* 形参为 *Directory* 类。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:131 +msgid "Managed attributes" +msgstr "托管属性" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:133 +msgid "" +"A popular use for descriptors is managing access to instance data. The " +"descriptor is assigned to a public attribute in the class dictionary while " +"the actual data is stored as a private attribute in the instance dictionary." +" The descriptor's :meth:`~object.__get__` and :meth:`~object.__set__` " +"methods are triggered when the public attribute is accessed." +msgstr "" +"描述器的一种流行用法是管理对实例数据的访问。 描述器被分配给类字典中的公有属性，而实际数据则作为私有属性存储在实例字典中。 描述器的 " +":meth:`~object.__get__` 和 :meth:`~object.__set__` 方法会在公有属性被访问时被触发。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:139 +msgid "" +"In the following example, *age* is the public attribute and *_age* is the " +"private attribute. When the public attribute is accessed, the descriptor " +"logs the lookup or update:" +msgstr "在下面的例子中，*age* 是公开属性，*_age* 是私有属性。当访问公开属性时，描述器会记录下查找或更新的日志：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:143 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedAgeAccess:\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" value = obj._age\n" +" logging.info('Accessing %r giving %r', 'age', value)\n" +" return value\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" logging.info('Updating %r to %r', 'age', value)\n" +" obj._age = value\n" +"\n" +"class Person:\n" +"\n" +" age = LoggedAgeAccess() # Descriptor instance\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, age):\n" +" self.name = name # Regular instance attribute\n" +" self.age = age # Calls __set__()\n" +"\n" +" def birthday(self):\n" +" self.age += 1 # Calls both __get__() and __set__()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedAgeAccess:\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" value = obj._age\n" +" logging.info('Accessing %r giving %r', 'age', value)\n" +" return value\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" logging.info('Updating %r to %r', 'age', value)\n" +" obj._age = value\n" +"\n" +"class Person:\n" +"\n" +" age = LoggedAgeAccess() # 描述器实例\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, age):\n" +" self.name = name # 常规实例属性\n" +" self.age = age # 调用 __set__()\n" +"\n" +" def birthday(self):\n" +" self.age += 1 # 调用 __get__() 和 __set__()" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:172 +msgid "" +"An interactive session shows that all access to the managed attribute *age* " +"is logged, but that the regular attribute *name* is not logged:" +msgstr "交互式会话展示中，对托管属性 *age* 的所有访问都被记录了下来，但常规属性 *name* 则未被记录：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:181 +msgid "" +">>> mary = Person('Mary M', 30) # The initial age update is logged\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 30\n" +">>> dave = Person('David D', 40)\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 40\n" +"\n" +">>> vars(mary) # The actual data is in a private attribute\n" +"{'name': 'Mary M', '_age': 30}\n" +">>> vars(dave)\n" +"{'name': 'David D', '_age': 40}\n" +"\n" +">>> mary.age # Access the data and log the lookup\n" +"INFO:root:Accessing 'age' giving 30\n" +"30\n" +">>> mary.birthday() # Updates are logged as well\n" +"INFO:root:Accessing 'age' giving 30\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 31\n" +"\n" +">>> dave.name # Regular attribute lookup isn't logged\n" +"'David D'\n" +">>> dave.age # Only the managed attribute is logged\n" +"INFO:root:Accessing 'age' giving 40\n" +"40" +msgstr "" +">>> mary = Person('Mary M', 30) # 初始年龄更新会被记录\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 30\n" +">>> dave = Person('David D', 40)\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 40\n" +"\n" +">>> vars(mary) # 私有属性中的实际数据\n" +"{'name': 'Mary M', '_age': 30}\n" +">>> vars(dave)\n" +"{'name': 'David D', '_age': 40}\n" +"\n" +">>> mary.age # 访问数据并记录查找操作\n" +"INFO:root:Accessing 'age' giving 30\n" +"30\n" +">>> mary.birthday() # 更新也会被记录\n" +"INFO:root:Accessing 'age' giving 30\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 31\n" +"\n" +">>> dave.name # 常规属性查找不会被记录\n" +"'David D'\n" +">>> dave.age # 只有被管理的属性会被记录\n" +"INFO:root:Accessing 'age' giving 40\n" +"40" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:206 +msgid "" +"One major issue with this example is that the private name *_age* is " +"hardwired in the *LoggedAgeAccess* class. That means that each instance can" +" only have one logged attribute and that its name is unchangeable. In the " +"next example, we'll fix that problem." +msgstr "" +"此示例的一个主要问题是私有名称 *_age* 在类 *LoggedAgeAccess* " +"中是硬耦合的。这意味着每个实例只能有一个用于记录的属性，并且其名称不可更改。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:213 +msgid "Customized names" +msgstr "定制名称" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:215 +msgid "" +"When a class uses descriptors, it can inform each descriptor about which " +"variable name was used." +msgstr "当一个类使用描述器时，它可以告知每个描述器使用了什么变量名。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:218 +msgid "" +"In this example, the :class:`!Person` class has two descriptor instances, " +"*name* and *age*. When the :class:`!Person` class is defined, it makes a " +"callback to :meth:`~object.__set_name__` in *LoggedAccess* so that the field" +" names can be recorded, giving each descriptor its own *public_name* and " +"*private_name*:" +msgstr "" +"在此示例中，:class:`!Person` 类具有两个描述器实例 *name* 和 *age*。 当 :class:`!Person` " +"类被定义时，它将在 *LoggedAccess* 中执行对 :meth:`~object.__set_name__` " +"的回调以便记录字段名称，给予每个描述器自己的 *public_name* 和 *private_name*:" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:223 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedAccess:\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.public_name = name\n" +" self.private_name = '_' + name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" value = getattr(obj, self.private_name)\n" +" logging.info('Accessing %r giving %r', self.public_name, value)\n" +" return value\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" logging.info('Updating %r to %r', self.public_name, value)\n" +" setattr(obj, self.private_name, value)\n" +"\n" +"class Person:\n" +"\n" +" name = LoggedAccess() # First descriptor instance\n" +" age = LoggedAccess() # Second descriptor instance\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, age):\n" +" self.name = name # Calls the first descriptor\n" +" self.age = age # Calls the second descriptor\n" +"\n" +" def birthday(self):\n" +" self.age += 1" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedAccess:\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.public_name = name\n" +" self.private_name = '_' + name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" value = getattr(obj, self.private_name)\n" +" logging.info('Accessing %r giving %r', self.public_name, value)\n" +" return value\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" logging.info('Updating %r to %r', self.public_name, value)\n" +" setattr(obj, self.private_name, value)\n" +"\n" +"class Person:\n" +"\n" +" name = LoggedAccess() # 第一个描述器实例\n" +" age = LoggedAccess() # 第二个描述器实例\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, age):\n" +" self.name = name # 调用第一个描述器\n" +" self.age = age # 调用第二个描述器\n" +"\n" +" def birthday(self):\n" +" self.age += 1" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:256 +msgid "" +"An interactive session shows that the :class:`!Person` class has called " +":meth:`~object.__set_name__` so that the field names would be recorded. " +"Here we call :func:`vars` to look up the descriptor without triggering it:" +msgstr "" +"交互式会话显示 :class:`!Person` 类调用了 :meth:`~object.__set_name__` 以使字段名称可被记录。 " +"在这里我们调用 :func:`vars` 来查找描述器而不触发它：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:260 +msgid "" +">>> vars(vars(Person)['name'])\n" +"{'public_name': 'name', 'private_name': '_name'}\n" +">>> vars(vars(Person)['age'])\n" +"{'public_name': 'age', 'private_name': '_age'}" +msgstr "" +">>> vars(vars(Person)['name'])\n" +"{'public_name': 'name', 'private_name': '_name'}\n" +">>> vars(vars(Person)['age'])\n" +"{'public_name': 'age', 'private_name': '_age'}" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:267 +msgid "The new class now logs access to both *name* and *age*:" +msgstr "现在，新类会记录对 *name* 和 *age* 二者的访问：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:275 +msgid "" +">>> pete = Person('Peter P', 10)\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'name' to 'Peter P'\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 10\n" +">>> kate = Person('Catherine C', 20)\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'name' to 'Catherine C'\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 20" +msgstr "" +">>> pete = Person('Peter P', 10)\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'name' to 'Peter P'\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 10\n" +">>> kate = Person('Catherine C', 20)\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'name' to 'Catherine C'\n" +"INFO:root:Updating 'age' to 20" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:284 +msgid "The two *Person* instances contain only the private names:" +msgstr "这两个 *Person* 实例仅包含私有名称:" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:286 +msgid "" +">>> vars(pete)\n" +"{'_name': 'Peter P', '_age': 10}\n" +">>> vars(kate)\n" +"{'_name': 'Catherine C', '_age': 20}" +msgstr "" +">>> vars(pete)\n" +"{'_name': 'Peter P', '_age': 10}\n" +">>> vars(kate)\n" +"{'_name': 'Catherine C', '_age': 20}" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:295 +msgid "Closing thoughts" +msgstr "结束语" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:297 +msgid "" +"A :term:`descriptor` is what we call any object that defines " +":meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object.__set__`, or " +":meth:`~object.__delete__`." +msgstr "" +":term:`descriptor` 是指任何定义了 :meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object.__set__` " +"或 :meth:`~object.__delete__` 的对象。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Optionally, descriptors can have a :meth:`~object.__set_name__` method. " +"This is only used in cases where a descriptor needs to know either the class" +" where it was created or the name of class variable it was assigned to. " +"(This method, if present, is called even if the class is not a descriptor.)" +msgstr "" +"作为可选项，描述器可以有 :meth:`~object.__set_name__` 方法。 " +"这仅会被用于当描述器需要知道创建它的类或它被分配的类变量名称等场合。 （此方法如果存在，那么即使所在类并不是一个描述器仍会被调用。）" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Descriptors get invoked by the dot operator during attribute lookup. If a " +"descriptor is accessed indirectly with " +"``vars(some_class)[descriptor_name]``, the descriptor instance is returned " +"without invoking it." +msgstr "" +"在属性查找期间，描述器由点运算符调用。如果使用 ``vars(some_class)[descriptor_name]`` " +"间接访问描述器，则返回描述器实例而不调用它。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Descriptors only work when used as class variables. When put in instances, " +"they have no effect." +msgstr "描述器仅在用作类变量时起作用。放入实例时，它们将失效。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:312 +msgid "" +"The main motivation for descriptors is to provide a hook allowing objects " +"stored in class variables to control what happens during attribute lookup." +msgstr "描述器的主要目的是提供一个挂钩，允许存储在类变量中的对象控制在属性查找期间发生的情况。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Traditionally, the calling class controls what happens during lookup. " +"Descriptors invert that relationship and allow the data being looked-up to " +"have a say in the matter." +msgstr "传统上，调用类控制查找过程中发生的事情。描述器反转了这种关系，并允许正在被查询的数据对此进行干涉。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Descriptors are used throughout the language. It is how functions turn into" +" bound methods. Common tools like :func:`classmethod`, " +":func:`staticmethod`, :func:`property`, and " +":func:`functools.cached_property` are all implemented as descriptors." +msgstr "" +"描述器的使用贯穿了整个语言。就是它让函数变成绑定方法。常见工具诸如 :func:`classmethod`， " +":func:`staticmethod`，:func:`property` 和 :func:`functools.cached_property` " +"都作为描述器实现。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:326 +msgid "Complete Practical Example" +msgstr "完整的实际例子" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:328 +msgid "" +"In this example, we create a practical and powerful tool for locating " +"notoriously hard to find data corruption bugs." +msgstr "在此示例中，我们创建了一个实用而强大的工具来查找难以发现的数据损坏错误。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:333 +msgid "Validator class" +msgstr "验证器类" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:335 +msgid "" +"A validator is a descriptor for managed attribute access. Prior to storing " +"any data, it verifies that the new value meets various type and range " +"restrictions. If those restrictions aren't met, it raises an exception to " +"prevent data corruption at its source." +msgstr "" +"验证器是一个用于托管属性访问的描述器。在存储任何数据之前，它会验证新值是否满足各种类型和范围限制。如果不满足这些限制，它将引发异常，从源头上防止数据损坏。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:340 +msgid "" +"This :class:`!Validator` class is both an :term:`abstract base class` and a " +"managed attribute descriptor:" +msgstr "" +"这个 :class:`!Validator` 类既是一个 :term:`abstract base class` 也是一个被管理的属性描述器：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:343 +msgid "" +"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n" +"\n" +"class Validator(ABC):\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.private_name = '_' + name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return getattr(obj, self.private_name)\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" self.validate(value)\n" +" setattr(obj, self.private_name, value)\n" +"\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n" +"\n" +"class Validator(ABC):\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.private_name = '_' + name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return getattr(obj, self.private_name)\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" self.validate(value)\n" +" setattr(obj, self.private_name, value)\n" +"\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Custom validators need to inherit from :class:`!Validator` and must supply a" +" :meth:`!validate` method to test various restrictions as needed." +msgstr "" +"自定义验证器必须继承自 :class:`!Validator` 并且必须提供 :meth:`!validate` 方法以根据需要测试各种约束。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:368 +msgid "Custom validators" +msgstr "自定义验证器" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:370 +msgid "Here are three practical data validation utilities:" +msgstr "这是三个实用的数据验证工具：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:372 +msgid "" +":class:`!OneOf` verifies that a value is one of a restricted set of options." +msgstr ":class:`!OneOf` 验证值是指定的受约束选项集合中的一项。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:374 +msgid "" +":class:`!Number` verifies that a value is either an :class:`int` or " +":class:`float`. Optionally, it verifies that a value is between a given " +"minimum or maximum." +msgstr "" +":class:`!Number` 验证值是否为 :class:`int` 或 :class:`float`。 " +"作为可选项，它还能验证值在给定的最小值和最大值之间。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:378 +msgid "" +":class:`!String` verifies that a value is a :class:`str`. Optionally, it " +"validates a given minimum or maximum length. It can validate a user-defined" +" `predicate `_" +" as well." +msgstr "" +":class:`!String` 验证值是否为 :class:`str`。 作为可选项，它还能验证给定的最小或最大长度。 它还能验证用户定义的 " +"`predicate `_。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:383 +msgid "" +"class OneOf(Validator):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, *options):\n" +" self.options = set(options)\n" +"\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" if value not in self.options:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be one of {self.options!r}'\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +"class Number(Validator):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, minvalue=None, maxvalue=None):\n" +" self.minvalue = minvalue\n" +" self.maxvalue = maxvalue\n" +"\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" if not isinstance(value, (int, float)):\n" +" raise TypeError(f'Expected {value!r} to be an int or float')\n" +" if self.minvalue is not None and value < self.minvalue:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be at least {self.minvalue!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" if self.maxvalue is not None and value > self.maxvalue:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be no more than {self.maxvalue!r}'\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +"class String(Validator):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, minsize=None, maxsize=None, predicate=None):\n" +" self.minsize = minsize\n" +" self.maxsize = maxsize\n" +" self.predicate = predicate\n" +"\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" if not isinstance(value, str):\n" +" raise TypeError(f'Expected {value!r} to be an str')\n" +" if self.minsize is not None and len(value) < self.minsize:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be no smaller than {self.minsize!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" if self.maxsize is not None and len(value) > self.maxsize:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be no bigger than {self.maxsize!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" if self.predicate is not None and not self.predicate(value):\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {self.predicate} to be true for {value!r}'\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"class OneOf(Validator):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, *options):\n" +" self.options = set(options)\n" +"\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" if value not in self.options:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be one of {self.options!r}'\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +"class Number(Validator):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, minvalue=None, maxvalue=None):\n" +" self.minvalue = minvalue\n" +" self.maxvalue = maxvalue\n" +"\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" if not isinstance(value, (int, float)):\n" +" raise TypeError(f'Expected {value!r} to be an int or float')\n" +" if self.minvalue is not None and value < self.minvalue:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be at least {self.minvalue!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" if self.maxvalue is not None and value > self.maxvalue:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be no more than {self.maxvalue!r}'\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +"class String(Validator):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, minsize=None, maxsize=None, predicate=None):\n" +" self.minsize = minsize\n" +" self.maxsize = maxsize\n" +" self.predicate = predicate\n" +"\n" +" def validate(self, value):\n" +" if not isinstance(value, str):\n" +" raise TypeError(f'Expected {value!r} to be an str')\n" +" if self.minsize is not None and len(value) < self.minsize:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be no smaller than {self.minsize!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" if self.maxsize is not None and len(value) > self.maxsize:\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {value!r} to be no bigger than {self.maxsize!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" if self.predicate is not None and not self.predicate(value):\n" +" raise ValueError(\n" +" f'Expected {self.predicate} to be true for {value!r}'\n" +" )" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:439 +msgid "Practical application" +msgstr "实际应用" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:441 +msgid "Here's how the data validators can be used in a real class:" +msgstr "这是在真实类中使用数据验证器的方法：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:443 +msgid "" +"class Component:\n" +"\n" +" name = String(minsize=3, maxsize=10, predicate=str.isupper)\n" +" kind = OneOf('wood', 'metal', 'plastic')\n" +" quantity = Number(minvalue=0)\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, kind, quantity):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.kind = kind\n" +" self.quantity = quantity" +msgstr "" +"class Component:\n" +"\n" +" name = String(minsize=3, maxsize=10, predicate=str.isupper)\n" +" kind = OneOf('wood', 'metal', 'plastic')\n" +" quantity = Number(minvalue=0)\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, kind, quantity):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.kind = kind\n" +" self.quantity = quantity" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:456 +msgid "The descriptors prevent invalid instances from being created:" +msgstr "描述器阻止无效实例的创建：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:458 +msgid "" +">>> Component('Widget', 'metal', 5) # Blocked: 'Widget' is not all uppercase\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: Expected to be true for 'Widget'\n" +"\n" +">>> Component('WIDGET', 'metle', 5) # Blocked: 'metle' is misspelled\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: Expected 'metle' to be one of {'metal', 'plastic', 'wood'}\n" +"\n" +">>> Component('WIDGET', 'metal', -5) # Blocked: -5 is negative\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: Expected -5 to be at least 0\n" +"\n" +">>> Component('WIDGET', 'metal', 'V') # Blocked: 'V' isn't a number\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: Expected 'V' to be an int or float\n" +"\n" +">>> c = Component('WIDGET', 'metal', 5) # Allowed: The inputs are valid" +msgstr "" +">>> Component('Widget', 'metal', 5) # 阻止: 'Widget' 不是全大写\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: Expected to be true for 'Widget'\n" +"\n" +">>> Component('WIDGET', 'metle', 5) # 阻止: 'metle' 拼写错误\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: Expected 'metle' to be one of {'metal', 'plastic', 'wood'}\n" +"\n" +">>> Component('WIDGET', 'metal', -5) # 阻止: -5 为负数\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: Expected -5 to be at least 0\n" +"\n" +">>> Component('WIDGET', 'metal', 'V') # 阻止: 'V' 不是数字\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: Expected 'V' to be an int or float\n" +"\n" +">>> c = Component('WIDGET', 'metal', 5) # 允许: 输入有效" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:484 +msgid "Technical Tutorial" +msgstr "技术教程" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:486 +msgid "" +"What follows is a more technical tutorial for the mechanics and details of " +"how descriptors work." +msgstr "接下来是专业性更强的技术教程，以及描述器工作原理的详细信息。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:491 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "摘要" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Defines descriptors, summarizes the protocol, and shows how descriptors are " +"called. Provides an example showing how object relational mappings work." +msgstr "定义描述器，总结协议，并说明如何调用描述器。提供一个展示对象关系映射如何工作的示例。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Learning about descriptors not only provides access to a larger toolset, it " +"creates a deeper understanding of how Python works." +msgstr "学习描述器不仅能提供接触到更多工具集的途径，还能更深地理解 Python 工作的原理。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:501 +msgid "Definition and introduction" +msgstr "定义与介绍" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:503 +msgid "" +"In general, a descriptor is an attribute value that has one of the methods " +"in the descriptor protocol. Those methods are :meth:`~object.__get__`, " +":meth:`~object.__set__`, and :meth:`~object.__delete__`. If any of those " +"methods are defined for an attribute, it is said to be a :term:`descriptor`." +msgstr "" +"一般而言，描述器是具有描述器协议中的方法之一的属性值。 这些方法是 :meth:`~object.__get__`, " +":meth:`~object.__set__` 和 :meth:`~object.__delete__`。 " +"如果为某个属性定义了这些方法中的任何一个，它就被称为 :term:`descriptor`。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:508 +msgid "" +"The default behavior for attribute access is to get, set, or delete the " +"attribute from an object's dictionary. For instance, ``a.x`` has a lookup " +"chain starting with ``a.__dict__['x']``, then ``type(a).__dict__['x']``, and" +" continuing through the method resolution order of ``type(a)``. If the " +"looked-up value is an object defining one of the descriptor methods, then " +"Python may override the default behavior and invoke the descriptor method " +"instead. Where this occurs in the precedence chain depends on which " +"descriptor methods were defined." +msgstr "" +"属性访问的默认行为是从一个对象的字典中获取、设置或删除属性。对于实例来说，``a.x`` 的查找顺序会从 ``a.__dict__['x']`` " +"开始，然后是 ``type(a).__dict__['x']``，接下来依次查找 ``type(a)`` 的方法解析顺序（MRO）。 " +"如果找到的值是定义了某个描述器方法的对象，则 Python " +"可能会重写默认行为并转而唤起描述器方法。这具体发生在优先级链的哪个环节则要根据所定义的描述器方法及其被调用的方式来决定。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:517 +msgid "" +"Descriptors are a powerful, general purpose protocol. They are the " +"mechanism behind properties, methods, static methods, class methods, and " +":func:`super`. They are used throughout Python itself. Descriptors " +"simplify the underlying C code and offer a flexible set of new tools for " +"everyday Python programs." +msgstr "" +"描述器是一种强大的，通用的协议。 它们是属性、方法、静态方法、类方法和 :func:`super` 背后的机制。 它们在整个 Python 中都有使用。" +" 描述器简化了底层的 C 代码并为日常的 Python 程序提供了一套灵活的新工具。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:525 +msgid "Descriptor protocol" +msgstr "描述器协议" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:527 +msgid "``descr.__get__(self, obj, type=None)``" +msgstr "``descr.__get__(self, obj, type=None)``" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:529 +msgid "``descr.__set__(self, obj, value)``" +msgstr "``descr.__set__(self, obj, value)``" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:531 +msgid "``descr.__delete__(self, obj)``" +msgstr "``descr.__delete__(self, obj)``" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:533 +msgid "" +"That is all there is to it. Define any of these methods and an object is " +"considered a descriptor and can override default behavior upon being looked " +"up as an attribute." +msgstr "描述器的方法就这些。一个对象只要定义了以上方法中的任何一个，就被视为描述器，并在被作为属性时覆盖其默认行为。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:537 +msgid "" +"If an object defines :meth:`~object.__set__` or :meth:`~object.__delete__`, " +"it is considered a data descriptor. Descriptors that only define " +":meth:`~object.__get__` are called non-data descriptors (they are often used" +" for methods but other uses are possible)." +msgstr "" +"如果一个对象定义了 :meth:`~object.__set__` 或 :meth:`~object.__delete__`，它将被视为数据描述器。 " +"仅定义了 :meth:`~object.__get__` 的描述器称为非数据描述器（它们经常被用于方法但也可以有其他用途。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:542 +msgid "" +"Data and non-data descriptors differ in how overrides are calculated with " +"respect to entries in an instance's dictionary. If an instance's dictionary" +" has an entry with the same name as a data descriptor, the data descriptor " +"takes precedence. If an instance's dictionary has an entry with the same " +"name as a non-data descriptor, the dictionary entry takes precedence." +msgstr "" +"数据和非数据描述器的不同之处在于，如何计算实例字典中条目的替代值。如果实例的字典具有与数据描述器同名的条目，则数据描述器优先。如果实例的字典具有与非数据描述器同名的条目，则该字典条目优先。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:548 +msgid "" +"To make a read-only data descriptor, define both :meth:`~object.__get__` and" +" :meth:`~object.__set__` with the :meth:`~object.__set__` raising an " +":exc:`AttributeError` when called. Defining the :meth:`~object.__set__` " +"method with an exception raising placeholder is enough to make it a data " +"descriptor." +msgstr "" +"为了使一个数据描述器只读，应同时定义 :meth:`~object.__get__` 和 :meth:`~object.__set__` 并在调用 " +":meth:`~object.__set__` 时引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。 用引发异常的占位符定义 " +":meth:`~object.__set__` 方法就足以使其成为一个数据描述器。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:555 +msgid "Overview of descriptor invocation" +msgstr "描述器调用概述" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:557 +msgid "" +"A descriptor can be called directly with ``desc.__get__(obj)`` or " +"``desc.__get__(None, cls)``." +msgstr "描述器可以通过 ``d.__get__(obj)`` 或 ``desc.__get__(None, cls)`` 直接调用。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:560 +msgid "" +"But it is more common for a descriptor to be invoked automatically from " +"attribute access." +msgstr "但更常见的是通过属性访问自动调用描述器。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:563 +msgid "" +"The expression ``obj.x`` looks up the attribute ``x`` in the chain of " +"namespaces for ``obj``. If the search finds a descriptor outside of the " +"instance :attr:`~object.__dict__`, its :meth:`~object.__get__` method is " +"invoked according to the precedence rules listed below." +msgstr "" +"表达式 ``obj.x`` 在 ``obj`` 的命名空间链中查找属性 ``x``。 如果搜索发现了一个实例 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 以外的描述器，将根据下面列出的优先级规则调用其 :meth:`~object.__get__` 方法。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:568 +msgid "" +"The details of invocation depend on whether ``obj`` is an object, class, or " +"instance of super." +msgstr "调用的细节取决于 ``obj`` 是对象、类还是超类的实例。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:573 +msgid "Invocation from an instance" +msgstr "通过实例调用" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:575 +msgid "" +"Instance lookup scans through a chain of namespaces giving data descriptors " +"the highest priority, followed by instance variables, then non-data " +"descriptors, then class variables, and lastly :meth:`~object.__getattr__` if" +" it is provided." +msgstr "" +"实例查找会扫描命名空间链并给予数据描述器最高的优先级，然后是实例变量，然后是非数据描述器，最后是 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__`，如果有提供的话。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:580 +msgid "" +"If a descriptor is found for ``a.x``, then it is invoked with: " +"``desc.__get__(a, type(a))``." +msgstr "如果 ``a.x`` 找到了一个描述器，那么将通过 ``desc.__get__(a, type(a))`` 调用它。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:583 +msgid "" +"The logic for a dotted lookup is in :meth:`object.__getattribute__`. Here " +"is a pure Python equivalent:" +msgstr "点运算符的查找逻辑在 :meth:`object.__getattribute__` 中。这里是一个等价的纯 Python 实现：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:586 +msgid "" +"def find_name_in_mro(cls, name, default):\n" +" \"Emulate _PyType_Lookup() in Objects/typeobject.c\"\n" +" for base in cls.__mro__:\n" +" if name in vars(base):\n" +" return vars(base)[name]\n" +" return default\n" +"\n" +"def object_getattribute(obj, name):\n" +" \"Emulate PyObject_GenericGetAttr() in Objects/object.c\"\n" +" null = object()\n" +" objtype = type(obj)\n" +" cls_var = find_name_in_mro(objtype, name, null)\n" +" descr_get = getattr(type(cls_var), '__get__', null)\n" +" if descr_get is not null:\n" +" if (hasattr(type(cls_var), '__set__')\n" +" or hasattr(type(cls_var), '__delete__')):\n" +" return descr_get(cls_var, obj, objtype) # data descriptor\n" +" if hasattr(obj, '__dict__') and name in vars(obj):\n" +" return vars(obj)[name] # instance variable\n" +" if descr_get is not null:\n" +" return descr_get(cls_var, obj, objtype) # non-data descriptor\n" +" if cls_var is not null:\n" +" return cls_var # class variable\n" +" raise AttributeError(name)" +msgstr "" +"def find_name_in_mro(cls, name, default):\n" +" \"Emulate _PyType_Lookup() in Objects/typeobject.c\"\n" +" for base in cls.__mro__:\n" +" if name in vars(base):\n" +" return vars(base)[name]\n" +" return default\n" +"\n" +"def object_getattribute(obj, name):\n" +" \"Emulate PyObject_GenericGetAttr() in Objects/object.c\"\n" +" null = object()\n" +" objtype = type(obj)\n" +" cls_var = find_name_in_mro(objtype, name, null)\n" +" descr_get = getattr(type(cls_var), '__get__', null)\n" +" if descr_get is not null:\n" +" if (hasattr(type(cls_var), '__set__')\n" +" or hasattr(type(cls_var), '__delete__')):\n" +" return descr_get(cls_var, obj, objtype) # 数据描述器\n" +" if hasattr(obj, '__dict__') and name in vars(obj):\n" +" return vars(obj)[name] # 实例变量\n" +" if descr_get is not null:\n" +" return descr_get(cls_var, obj, objtype) # 非数据描述器\n" +" if cls_var is not null:\n" +" return cls_var # 类变量\n" +" raise AttributeError(name)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:722 +msgid "" +"Note, there is no :meth:`~object.__getattr__` hook in the " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` code. That is why calling " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` directly or with " +"``super().__getattribute__`` will bypass :meth:`~object.__getattr__` " +"entirely." +msgstr "" +"注意，在 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 代码中没有 :meth:`~object.__getattr__` 钩子。 " +"这就是为什么直接调用 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 或用 ``super().__getattribute__`` " +"会彻底绕过 :meth:`~object.__getattr__`。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:726 +msgid "" +"Instead, it is the dot operator and the :func:`getattr` function that are " +"responsible for invoking :meth:`~object.__getattr__` whenever " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` raises an :exc:`AttributeError`. Their " +"logic is encapsulated in a helper function:" +msgstr "" +"相反，一旦 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 引发 :exc:`AttributeError` 则将由点运算符和 " +":func:`getattr` 函数来负责唤起 :meth:`~object.__getattr__`。 它们的逻辑封装在一个辅助函数中：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:731 +msgid "" +"def getattr_hook(obj, name):\n" +" \"Emulate slot_tp_getattr_hook() in Objects/typeobject.c\"\n" +" try:\n" +" return obj.__getattribute__(name)\n" +" except AttributeError:\n" +" if not hasattr(type(obj), '__getattr__'):\n" +" raise\n" +" return type(obj).__getattr__(obj, name) # __getattr__" +msgstr "" +"def getattr_hook(obj, name):\n" +" \"Emulate slot_tp_getattr_hook() in Objects/typeobject.c\"\n" +" try:\n" +" return obj.__getattribute__(name)\n" +" except AttributeError:\n" +" if not hasattr(type(obj), '__getattr__'):\n" +" raise\n" +" return type(obj).__getattr__(obj, name) # __getattr__" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:776 +msgid "Invocation from a class" +msgstr "通过类调用" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:778 +msgid "" +"The logic for a dotted lookup such as ``A.x`` is in " +":meth:`!type.__getattribute__`. The steps are similar to those for " +":meth:`!object.__getattribute__` but the instance dictionary lookup is " +"replaced by a search through the class's :term:`method resolution order`." +msgstr "" +"像 ``A.x`` 这样的点操作符查找的逻辑在 :meth:`!type.__getattribute__` 中。 其步骤与 " +":meth:`!object.__getattribute__` 相似，但是实例字典查找被替换为搜索类的 :term:`method " +"resolution order`。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:783 +msgid "" +"If a descriptor is found, it is invoked with ``desc.__get__(None, A)``." +msgstr "如果找到了一个描述器，那么将通过 ``desc.__get__(None, A)`` 调用它。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:785 +msgid "" +"The full C implementation can be found in :c:func:`!type_getattro` and " +":c:func:`!_PyType_Lookup` in :source:`Objects/typeobject.c`." +msgstr "" +"完整的 C 实现可在 :source:`Objects/typeobject.c` 里的 :c:func:`!type_getattro` 和 " +":c:func:`!_PyType_Lookup` 中找到。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:790 +msgid "Invocation from super" +msgstr "通过 super 调用" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:792 +msgid "" +"The logic for super's dotted lookup is in the " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` method for object returned by " +":func:`super`." +msgstr "" +"super 的点操作符查找的逻辑在 :func:`super` 所返回对象的 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 方法中。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:795 +msgid "" +"A dotted lookup such as ``super(A, obj).m`` searches " +"``obj.__class__.__mro__`` for the base class ``B`` immediately following " +"``A`` and then returns ``B.__dict__['m'].__get__(obj, A)``. If not a " +"descriptor, ``m`` is returned unchanged." +msgstr "" +"类似 ``super(A, obj).m`` 形式的点分查找将在 ``obj.__class__.__mro__`` 中搜索紧接在 ``A`` " +"之后的基类 ``B``，然后返回 ``B.__dict__['m'].__get__(obj, A)``。如果 ``m`` 不是描述器，则直接返回其值。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:800 +msgid "" +"The full C implementation can be found in :c:func:`!super_getattro` in " +":source:`Objects/typeobject.c`. A pure Python equivalent can be found in " +"`Guido's Tutorial " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"完整的 C 实现可在 :source:`Objects/typeobject.c` 里的 :c:func:`!super_getattro` 中找到。 " +"纯 Python 的等价实现可在 `Guido 的教程 " +"`_ " +"中找到。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:807 +msgid "Summary of invocation logic" +msgstr "调用逻辑总结" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:809 +msgid "" +"The mechanism for descriptors is embedded in the " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` methods for :class:`object`, :class:`type`," +" and :func:`super`." +msgstr "" +"描述器的机制嵌入在 :class:`object`, :class:`type` 和 :func:`super` 的 " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 方法中。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:812 +msgid "The important points to remember are:" +msgstr "要记住的重要点是：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:814 +msgid "" +"Descriptors are invoked by the :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` method." +msgstr "描述器将由 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 方法唤起。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:816 +msgid "" +"Classes inherit this machinery from :class:`object`, :class:`type`, or " +":func:`super`." +msgstr "类从 :class:`object`，:class:`type` 或 :func:`super` 继承此机制。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:819 +msgid "" +"Overriding :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` prevents automatic descriptor " +"calls because all the descriptor logic is in that method." +msgstr "重写 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 将阻止自动的描述器调用因为所有描述器逻辑都在该方法中。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:822 +msgid "" +":meth:`!object.__getattribute__` and :meth:`!type.__getattribute__` make " +"different calls to :meth:`~object.__get__`. The first includes the instance" +" and may include the class. The second puts in ``None`` for the instance " +"and always includes the class." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!object.__getattribute__` 和 :meth:`!type.__getattribute__` 会用不同方式调用 " +":meth:`~object.__get__`。 第一个会包括实例并可能包括类 。第二个会将 ``None`` 作为实例并且总是包括类。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:827 +msgid "Data descriptors always override instance dictionaries." +msgstr "数据描述器始终会覆盖实例字典。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:829 +msgid "Non-data descriptors may be overridden by instance dictionaries." +msgstr "非数据描述器会被实例字典覆盖。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:833 +msgid "Automatic name notification" +msgstr "自动名称通知" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:835 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it is desirable for a descriptor to know what class variable name " +"it was assigned to. When a new class is created, the :class:`type` " +"metaclass scans the dictionary of the new class. If any of the entries are " +"descriptors and if they define :meth:`~object.__set_name__`, that method is " +"called with two arguments. The *owner* is the class where the descriptor is" +" used, and the *name* is the class variable the descriptor was assigned to." +msgstr "" +"有时描述器需要知道它被赋值到哪个变量名。 当一个新类被创建时，:class:`type` 元类将扫描新类的字典。 " +"如果其中有任何条目是描述器并且它们定义了 :meth:`~object.__set_name__`，则该方法被调用时将附带两个参数。 *owner* " +"是使用该描述器的类，而 *name* 是该描述器被赋值到的变量。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:842 +msgid "" +"The implementation details are in :c:func:`!type_new` and " +":c:func:`!set_names` in :source:`Objects/typeobject.c`." +msgstr "" +"实现的细节在 :source:`Objects/typeobject.c` 里的 :c:func:`!type_new` 和 " +":c:func:`!set_names` 中。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:845 +msgid "" +"Since the update logic is in :meth:`!type.__new__`, notifications only take " +"place at the time of class creation. If descriptors are added to the class " +"afterwards, :meth:`~object.__set_name__` will need to be called manually." +msgstr "" +"由于更新逻辑是在 :meth:`!type.__new__` 中，因此通知仅在类创建时发出。 之后如果将描述器添加到类中，则需要手动调用 " +":meth:`~object.__set_name__`。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:851 +msgid "ORM example" +msgstr "ORM （对象关系映射）示例" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:853 +msgid "" +"The following code is a simplified skeleton showing how data descriptors " +"could be used to implement an `object relational mapping " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"以下代码展示了如何使用数据描述器来实现简单的 `对象关系映射 " +"`_ 框架。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:857 +msgid "" +"The essential idea is that the data is stored in an external database. The " +"Python instances only hold keys to the database's tables. Descriptors take " +"care of lookups or updates:" +msgstr "其核心思路是将数据存储在外部数据库中，Python 实例仅持有数据库表中对应的的键。描述器负责对值进行查找或更新：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:861 +msgid "" +"class Field:\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.fetch = f'SELECT {name} FROM {owner.table} WHERE {owner.key}=?;'\n" +" self.store = f'UPDATE {owner.table} SET {name}=? WHERE {owner.key}=?;'\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return conn.execute(self.fetch, [obj.key]).fetchone()[0]\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" conn.execute(self.store, [value, obj.key])\n" +" conn.commit()" +msgstr "" +"class Field:\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.fetch = f'SELECT {name} FROM {owner.table} WHERE {owner.key}=?;'\n" +" self.store = f'UPDATE {owner.table} SET {name}=? WHERE {owner.key}=?;'\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return conn.execute(self.fetch, [obj.key]).fetchone()[0]\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" conn.execute(self.store, [value, obj.key])\n" +" conn.commit()" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:876 +msgid "" +"We can use the :class:`!Field` class to define `models " +"`_ that describe the schema " +"for each table in a database:" +msgstr "" +"我们可以使用 :class:`!Field` 类来定义描述了数据库中每张表的结构的 `模型 " +"`_:" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:880 +msgid "" +"class Movie:\n" +" table = 'Movies' # Table name\n" +" key = 'title' # Primary key\n" +" director = Field()\n" +" year = Field()\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, key):\n" +" self.key = key\n" +"\n" +"class Song:\n" +" table = 'Music'\n" +" key = 'title'\n" +" artist = Field()\n" +" year = Field()\n" +" genre = Field()\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, key):\n" +" self.key = key" +msgstr "" +"class Movie:\n" +" table = 'Movies' # 表名\n" +" key = 'title' # 主键\n" +" director = Field()\n" +" year = Field()\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, key):\n" +" self.key = key\n" +"\n" +"class Song:\n" +" table = 'Music'\n" +" key = 'title'\n" +" artist = Field()\n" +" year = Field()\n" +" genre = Field()\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, key):\n" +" self.key = key" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:901 +msgid "To use the models, first connect to the database::" +msgstr "要使用模型，首先要连接到数据库：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:903 +msgid "" +">>> import sqlite3\n" +">>> conn = sqlite3.connect('entertainment.db')" +msgstr "" +">>> import sqlite3\n" +">>> conn = sqlite3.connect('entertainment.db')" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:906 +msgid "" +"An interactive session shows how data is retrieved from the database and how" +" it can be updated:" +msgstr "交互式会话显示了如何从数据库中检索数据及如何对其进行更新：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:934 +msgid "" +">>> Movie('Star Wars').director\n" +"'George Lucas'\n" +">>> jaws = Movie('Jaws')\n" +">>> f'Released in {jaws.year} by {jaws.director}'\n" +"'Released in 1975 by Steven Spielberg'\n" +"\n" +">>> Song('Country Roads').artist\n" +"'John Denver'\n" +"\n" +">>> Movie('Star Wars').director = 'J.J. Abrams'\n" +">>> Movie('Star Wars').director\n" +"'J.J. Abrams'" +msgstr "" +">>> Movie('Star Wars').director\n" +"'George Lucas'\n" +">>> jaws = Movie('Jaws')\n" +">>> f'Released in {jaws.year} by {jaws.director}'\n" +"'Released in 1975 by Steven Spielberg'\n" +"\n" +">>> Song('Country Roads').artist\n" +"'John Denver'\n" +"\n" +">>> Movie('Star Wars').director = 'J.J. Abrams'\n" +">>> Movie('Star Wars').director\n" +"'J.J. Abrams'" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:955 +msgid "Pure Python Equivalents" +msgstr "纯 Python 等价实现" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:957 +msgid "" +"The descriptor protocol is simple and offers exciting possibilities. " +"Several use cases are so common that they have been prepackaged into built-" +"in tools. Properties, bound methods, static methods, class methods, and " +"\\_\\_slots\\_\\_ are all based on the descriptor protocol." +msgstr "" +"描述器协议很简单，但它提供了令人兴奋的可能性。有几个用例非常通用，以至于它们已预先打包到内置工具中。属性、绑定方法、静态方法、类方法和 " +"__slots__ 均基于描述器协议。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:964 +msgid "Properties" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:966 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`property` is a succinct way of building a data descriptor " +"that triggers a function call upon access to an attribute. Its signature " +"is::" +msgstr "调用 :func:`property` 是构建数据描述器的简洁方式，该数据描述器在访问属性时触发函数调用。它的签名是：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:969 +msgid "property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None) -> property" +msgstr "property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None) -> property" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:971 +msgid "" +"The documentation shows a typical use to define a managed attribute ``x``:" +msgstr "该文档显示了定义托管属性 ``x`` 的典型用法：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:973 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def getx(self): return self.__x\n" +" def setx(self, value): self.__x = value\n" +" def delx(self): del self.__x\n" +" x = property(getx, setx, delx, \"I'm the 'x' property.\")" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" def getx(self): return self.__x\n" +" def setx(self, value): self.__x = value\n" +" def delx(self): del self.__x\n" +" x = property(getx, setx, delx, \"I'm the 'x' property.\")" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:995 +msgid "" +"To see how :func:`property` is implemented in terms of the descriptor " +"protocol, here is a pure Python equivalent that implements most of the core " +"functionality:" +msgstr "要了解 :func:`property` 是如何按描述器协议的方式来实现的，以下是一个实现了大部分核心功能的纯 Python 等价实现：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:998 +msgid "" +"class Property:\n" +" \"Emulate PyProperty_Type() in Objects/descrobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):\n" +" self.fget = fget\n" +" self.fset = fset\n" +" self.fdel = fdel\n" +" if doc is None and fget is not None:\n" +" doc = fget.__doc__\n" +" self.__doc__ = doc\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.__name__ = name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self\n" +" if self.fget is None:\n" +" raise AttributeError\n" +" return self.fget(obj)\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" if self.fset is None:\n" +" raise AttributeError\n" +" self.fset(obj, value)\n" +"\n" +" def __delete__(self, obj):\n" +" if self.fdel is None:\n" +" raise AttributeError\n" +" self.fdel(obj)\n" +"\n" +" def getter(self, fget):\n" +" return type(self)(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)\n" +"\n" +" def setter(self, fset):\n" +" return type(self)(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)\n" +"\n" +" def deleter(self, fdel):\n" +" return type(self)(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)" +msgstr "" +"class Property:\n" +" \"Emulate PyProperty_Type() in Objects/descrobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):\n" +" self.fget = fget\n" +" self.fset = fset\n" +" self.fdel = fdel\n" +" if doc is None and fget is not None:\n" +" doc = fget.__doc__\n" +" self.__doc__ = doc\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.__name__ = name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self\n" +" if self.fget is None:\n" +" raise AttributeError\n" +" return self.fget(obj)\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" if self.fset is None:\n" +" raise AttributeError\n" +" self.fset(obj, value)\n" +"\n" +" def __delete__(self, obj):\n" +" if self.fdel is None:\n" +" raise AttributeError\n" +" self.fdel(obj)\n" +"\n" +" def getter(self, fget):\n" +" return type(self)(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)\n" +"\n" +" def setter(self, fset):\n" +" return type(self)(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)\n" +"\n" +" def deleter(self, fdel):\n" +" return type(self)(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"The :func:`property` builtin helps whenever a user interface has granted " +"attribute access and then subsequent changes require the intervention of a " +"method." +msgstr "这个内置的 :func:`property` 每当用户访问属性时生效，随后的变化需要一个方法的参与。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"For instance, a spreadsheet class may grant access to a cell value through " +"``Cell('b10').value``. Subsequent improvements to the program require the " +"cell to be recalculated on every access; however, the programmer does not " +"want to affect existing client code accessing the attribute directly. The " +"solution is to wrap access to the value attribute in a property data " +"descriptor:" +msgstr "" +"例如，一个电子表格类可以通过 ``Cell('b10').value`` " +"授予对单元格值的访问权限。对程序的后续改进要求每次访问都要重新计算单元格；但是，程序员不希望影响直接访问该属性的现有客户端代码。解决方案是将对 " +"value 属性的访问包装在属性数据描述器中:" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"class Cell:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def value(self):\n" +" \"Recalculate the cell before returning value\"\n" +" self.recalc()\n" +" return self._value" +msgstr "" +"class Cell:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def value(self):\n" +" \"Recalculate the cell before returning value\"\n" +" self.recalc()\n" +" return self._value" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"Either the built-in :func:`property` or our :func:`!Property` equivalent " +"would work in this example." +msgstr "在这个例子中内置的 :func:`property` 或我们的 :func:`!Property` 等价实现都是可以的。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1148 +msgid "Functions and methods" +msgstr "函数和方法" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"Python's object oriented features are built upon a function based " +"environment. Using non-data descriptors, the two are merged seamlessly." +msgstr "Python 的面向对象功能是在基于函数的环境构建的。通过使用非数据描述器，这两方面完成了无缝融合。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"Functions stored in class dictionaries get turned into methods when invoked." +" Methods only differ from regular functions in that the object instance is " +"prepended to the other arguments. By convention, the instance is called " +"*self* but could be called *this* or any other variable name." +msgstr "" +"在调用时，存储在类词典中的函数将被转换为方法。方法与常规函数的不同之处仅在于对象实例被置于其他参数之前。方法与常规函数的不同之处仅在于第一个参数是为对象实例保留的。按照惯例，实例引用称为" +" *self* ，但也可以称为 *this* 或任何其他变量名称。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"Methods can be created manually with :class:`types.MethodType` which is " +"roughly equivalent to:" +msgstr "可以使用 :class:`types.MethodType` 手动创建方法，其行为基本等价于：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"class MethodType:\n" +" \"Emulate PyMethod_Type in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, func, obj):\n" +" self.__func__ = func\n" +" self.__self__ = obj\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" func = self.__func__\n" +" obj = self.__self__\n" +" return func(obj, *args, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def __getattribute__(self, name):\n" +" \"Emulate method_getset() in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +" if name == '__doc__':\n" +" return self.__func__.__doc__\n" +" return object.__getattribute__(self, name)\n" +"\n" +" def __getattr__(self, name):\n" +" \"Emulate method_getattro() in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +" return getattr(self.__func__, name)\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" \"Emulate method_descr_get() in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +" return self" +msgstr "" +"class MethodType:\n" +" \"Emulate PyMethod_Type in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, func, obj):\n" +" self.__func__ = func\n" +" self.__self__ = obj\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" func = self.__func__\n" +" obj = self.__self__\n" +" return func(obj, *args, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def __getattribute__(self, name):\n" +" \"Emulate method_getset() in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +" if name == '__doc__':\n" +" return self.__func__.__doc__\n" +" return object.__getattribute__(self, name)\n" +"\n" +" def __getattr__(self, name):\n" +" \"Emulate method_getattro() in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +" return getattr(self.__func__, name)\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" \"Emulate method_descr_get() in Objects/classobject.c\"\n" +" return self" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"To support automatic creation of methods, functions include the " +":meth:`~object.__get__` method for binding methods during attribute access." +" This means that functions are non-data descriptors that return bound " +"methods during dotted lookup from an instance. Here's how it works:" +msgstr "" +"为支持方法的自动创建，函数会包括 :meth:`~object.__get__` 方法以便在属性访问期间绑定方法。 " +"这意味着函数就是在通过实例进行点号查找期间返回所绑定方法的非数据描述器。 其运作方式是这样的：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1194 +msgid "" +"class Function:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" \"Simulate func_descr_get() in Objects/funcobject.c\"\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self\n" +" return MethodType(self, obj)" +msgstr "" +"class Function:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" \"Simulate func_descr_get() in Objects/funcobject.c\"\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self\n" +" return MethodType(self, obj)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"Running the following class in the interpreter shows how the function " +"descriptor works in practice:" +msgstr "在解释器中运行以下类，这显示了函数描述器的实际工作方式：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1208 +msgid "" +"class D:\n" +" def f(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +"class D2:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class D:\n" +" def f(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +"class D2:\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"The function has a :term:`qualified name` attribute to support " +"introspection:" +msgstr "该函数具有 :term:`qualified name` 属性以支持自省：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1228 +msgid "" +">>> D.f.__qualname__\n" +"'D.f'" +msgstr "" +">>> D.f.__qualname__\n" +"'D.f'" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"Accessing the function through the class dictionary does not invoke " +":meth:`~object.__get__`. Instead, it just returns the underlying function " +"object::" +msgstr "通过类字典访问函数不会唤起 :meth:`~object.__get__`。 相反，它只是返回下层的函数对象::" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1236 +msgid "" +">>> D.__dict__['f']\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> D.__dict__['f']\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1239 +msgid "" +"Dotted access from a class calls :meth:`~object.__get__` which just returns " +"the underlying function unchanged::" +msgstr "通过类进行点号访问调用 :meth:`~object.__get__`，它将只原样返回下层的函数::" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1242 +msgid "" +">>> D.f\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> D.f\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1245 +msgid "" +"The interesting behavior occurs during dotted access from an instance. The " +"dotted lookup calls :meth:`~object.__get__` which returns a bound method " +"object::" +msgstr "有趣的行为发生在通过实例进行点号访问期间。 点号查找调用 :meth:`~object.__get__`，它将返回绑定的方法对象::" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1248 +msgid "" +">>> d = D()\n" +">>> d.f\n" +">" +msgstr "" +">>> d = D()\n" +">>> d.f\n" +">" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1252 +msgid "" +"Internally, the bound method stores the underlying function and the bound " +"instance::" +msgstr "绑定方法在内部存储了底层函数和绑定的实例：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1255 +msgid "" +">>> d.f.__func__\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> d.f.__self__\n" +"<__main__.D object at 0x00B18C90>" +msgstr "" +">>> d.f.__func__\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> d.f.__self__\n" +"<__main__.D object at 0x00B18C90>" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"If you have ever wondered where *self* comes from in regular methods or " +"where *cls* comes from in class methods, this is it!" +msgstr "如果你曾好奇常规方法中的 *self* 或类方法中的 *cls* 是从什么地方来的，就是这里了！" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1266 +msgid "Kinds of methods" +msgstr "方法的种类" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1268 +msgid "" +"Non-data descriptors provide a simple mechanism for variations on the usual " +"patterns of binding functions into methods." +msgstr "非数据描述器为把函数绑定为方法的通常模式提供了一种简单的机制。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"To recap, functions have a :meth:`~object.__get__` method so that they can " +"be converted to a method when accessed as attributes. The non-data " +"descriptor transforms an ``obj.f(*args)`` call into ``f(obj, *args)``. " +"Calling ``cls.f(*args)`` becomes ``f(*args)``." +msgstr "" +"总结一下，函数具有 :meth:`~object.__get__` 方法以便在其作为属性被访问时可被转换为方法。 非数据描述器会将 " +"``obj.f(*args)`` 调用转化为 ``f(obj, *args)``。 调用 ``cls.f(*args)`` 将变成 " +"``f(*args)``。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1276 +msgid "This chart summarizes the binding and its two most useful variants:" +msgstr "下表总结了绑定及其两个最有用的变体：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1279 +msgid "Transformation" +msgstr "转换形式" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1279 +msgid "Called from an object" +msgstr "通过对象调用" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1279 +msgid "Called from a class" +msgstr "通过类调用" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1282 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1282 +msgid "f(obj, \\*args)" +msgstr "f(obj, \\*args)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1282 ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1284 +msgid "f(\\*args)" +msgstr "f(\\*args)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1284 +msgid "staticmethod" +msgstr "静态方法" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1286 +msgid "classmethod" +msgstr "类方法" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1286 +msgid "f(type(obj), \\*args)" +msgstr "f(type(obj), \\*args)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1286 +msgid "f(cls, \\*args)" +msgstr "f(cls, \\*args)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1291 +msgid "Static methods" +msgstr "静态方法" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1293 +msgid "" +"Static methods return the underlying function without changes. Calling " +"either ``c.f`` or ``C.f`` is the equivalent of a direct lookup into " +"``object.__getattribute__(c, \"f\")`` or ``object.__getattribute__(C, " +"\"f\")``. As a result, the function becomes identically accessible from " +"either an object or a class." +msgstr "" +"静态方法返回底层函数，不做任何更改。调用 ``c.f`` 或 ``C.f`` 等效于通过 ``object.__getattribute__(c, " +"\"f\")`` 或 ``object.__getattribute__(C, \"f\")`` 查找。这样该函数就可以从对象或类中进行相同的访问。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1299 +msgid "" +"Good candidates for static methods are methods that do not reference the " +"``self`` variable." +msgstr "适合作为静态方法的是那些不引用 ``self`` 变量的方法。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"For instance, a statistics package may include a container class for " +"experimental data. The class provides normal methods for computing the " +"average, mean, median, and other descriptive statistics that depend on the " +"data. However, there may be useful functions which are conceptually related " +"but do not depend on the data. For instance, ``erf(x)`` is handy conversion" +" routine that comes up in statistical work but does not directly depend on a" +" particular dataset. It can be called either from an object or the class: " +"``s.erf(1.5) --> 0.9332`` or ``Sample.erf(1.5) --> 0.9332``." +msgstr "" +"举例来说，一个统计软件包可能包括存放实验性数据的容器类。 该类提供了用于计算平均数、均值、中位数以及其他描述性的统计数据的方法。 " +"不过，还可能存在在概念上相关但不依赖于这些数据的有用函数。 例如，``erf(x)`` 是在统计工作中的便捷转换例程但并不直接依赖于特定的数据集。 " +"它可以通过对象或者类来调用: ``s.erf(1.5) --> 0.9332`` 或者 ``Sample.erf(1.5) --> 0.9332``。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"Since static methods return the underlying function with no changes, the " +"example calls are unexciting:" +msgstr "由于静态方法返回的底层函数没有任何变化，因此示例调用也是意料之中：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"class E:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def f(x):\n" +" return x * 10" +msgstr "" +"class E:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def f(x):\n" +" return x * 10" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1321 +msgid "" +">>> E.f(3)\n" +"30\n" +">>> E().f(3)\n" +"30" +msgstr "" +">>> E.f(3)\n" +"30\n" +">>> E().f(3)\n" +"30" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"Using the non-data descriptor protocol, a pure Python version of " +":func:`staticmethod` would look like this:" +msgstr "使用非数据描述器，纯 Python 版本的 :func:`staticmethod` 如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"class StaticMethod:\n" +" \"Emulate PyStaticMethod_Type() in Objects/funcobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, f):\n" +" self.f = f\n" +" functools.update_wrapper(self, f)\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return self.f\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):\n" +" return self.f(*args, **kwds)" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"class StaticMethod:\n" +" \"Emulate PyStaticMethod_Type() in Objects/funcobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, f):\n" +" self.f = f\n" +" functools.update_wrapper(self, f)\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" return self.f\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):\n" +" return self.f(*args, **kwds)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"The :func:`functools.update_wrapper` call adds a ``__wrapped__`` attribute " +"that refers to the underlying function. Also it carries forward the " +"attributes necessary to make the wrapper look like the wrapped function: " +":attr:`~function.__name__`, :attr:`~function.__qualname__`, " +":attr:`~function.__doc__`, and :attr:`~function.__annotations__`." +msgstr "" +":func:`functools.update_wrapper` 调用增加了一个指向下层函数的 ``__wrapped__`` 属性。 " +"它还会向前传递必要的属性以使此包装器看起来像是被包装的函数: :attr:`~function.__name__`, " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__` 以及 " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1417 +msgid "Class methods" +msgstr "类方法" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"Unlike static methods, class methods prepend the class reference to the " +"argument list before calling the function. This format is the same for " +"whether the caller is an object or a class:" +msgstr "与静态方法不同，类方法在调用函数之前将类引用放在参数列表的最前。无论调用方是对象还是类，此格式相同：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1423 +msgid "" +"class F:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def f(cls, x):\n" +" return cls.__name__, x" +msgstr "" +"class F:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def f(cls, x):\n" +" return cls.__name__, x" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1430 +msgid "" +">>> F.f(3)\n" +"('F', 3)\n" +">>> F().f(3)\n" +"('F', 3)" +msgstr "" +">>> F.f(3)\n" +"('F', 3)\n" +">>> F().f(3)\n" +"('F', 3)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"This behavior is useful whenever the method only needs to have a class " +"reference and does not rely on data stored in a specific instance. One use " +"for class methods is to create alternate class constructors. For example, " +"the classmethod :func:`dict.fromkeys` creates a new dictionary from a list " +"of keys. The pure Python equivalent is:" +msgstr "" +"当方法仅需要具有类引用并且确实依赖于存储在特定实例中的数据时，此行为就很有用。类方法的一种用途是创建备用类构造函数。例如，类方法 " +":func:`dict.fromkeys` 从键列表创建一个新字典。纯 Python 的等价实现是：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"class Dict(dict):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):\n" +" \"Emulate dict_fromkeys() in Objects/dictobject.c\"\n" +" d = cls()\n" +" for key in iterable:\n" +" d[key] = value\n" +" return d" +msgstr "" +"class Dict(dict):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):\n" +" \"Emulate dict_fromkeys() in Objects/dictobject.c\"\n" +" d = cls()\n" +" for key in iterable:\n" +" d[key] = value\n" +" return d" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1454 +msgid "Now a new dictionary of unique keys can be constructed like this:" +msgstr "现在可以这样构造一个新的唯一键字典：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1456 +msgid "" +">>> d = Dict.fromkeys('abracadabra')\n" +">>> type(d) is Dict\n" +"True\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'a': None, 'b': None, 'r': None, 'c': None, 'd': None}" +msgstr "" +">>> d = Dict.fromkeys('abracadabra')\n" +">>> type(d) is Dict\n" +"True\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'a': None, 'b': None, 'r': None, 'c': None, 'd': None}" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1464 +msgid "" +"Using the non-data descriptor protocol, a pure Python version of " +":func:`classmethod` would look like this:" +msgstr "使用非数据描述器协议，纯 Python 版本的 :func:`classmethod` 如下：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"class ClassMethod:\n" +" \"Emulate PyClassMethod_Type() in Objects/funcobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, f):\n" +" self.f = f\n" +" functools.update_wrapper(self, f)\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):\n" +" if cls is None:\n" +" cls = type(obj)\n" +" return MethodType(self.f, cls)" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"class ClassMethod:\n" +" \"Emulate PyClassMethod_Type() in Objects/funcobject.c\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, f):\n" +" self.f = f\n" +" functools.update_wrapper(self, f)\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):\n" +" if cls is None:\n" +" cls = type(obj)\n" +" return MethodType(self.f, cls)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1529 +msgid "" +"The :func:`functools.update_wrapper` call in ``ClassMethod`` adds a " +"``__wrapped__`` attribute that refers to the underlying function. Also it " +"carries forward the attributes necessary to make the wrapper look like the " +"wrapped function: :attr:`~function.__name__`, " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__`, and " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`." +msgstr "" +"``ClassMethod`` 中的 :func:`functools.update_wrapper` 调用增加了一个指向下层函数的 " +"``__wrapped__`` 属性。 它还会向前传递必要的属性以使此包装器看起来像是被包装的函数: " +":attr:`~function.__name__`, :attr:`~function.__qualname__`, " +":attr:`~function.__doc__` 以及 :attr:`~function.__annotations__`。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1538 +msgid "Member objects and __slots__" +msgstr "成员对象和 __slots__" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"When a class defines ``__slots__``, it replaces instance dictionaries with a" +" fixed-length array of slot values. From a user point of view that has " +"several effects:" +msgstr "当一个类定义了 ``__slots__``，它会用一个固定长度的 slot 值数组来替换实例字典。 从用户的视角看，效果是这样的：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"1. Provides immediate detection of bugs due to misspelled attribute " +"assignments. Only attribute names specified in ``__slots__`` are allowed:" +msgstr "1. 提供对由错误拼写的属性赋值导致的程序缺陷的即时检测。只允许在 ``__slots__`` 中指定的属性名称：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"class Vehicle:\n" +" __slots__ = ('id_number', 'make', 'model')" +msgstr "" +"class Vehicle:\n" +" __slots__ = ('id_number', 'make', 'model')" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1552 +msgid "" +">>> auto = Vehicle()\n" +">>> auto.id_nubmer = 'VYE483814LQEX'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: 'Vehicle' object has no attribute 'id_nubmer'" +msgstr "" +">>> auto = Vehicle()\n" +">>> auto.id_nubmer = 'VYE483814LQEX'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: 'Vehicle' object has no attribute 'id_nubmer'" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"2. Helps create immutable objects where descriptors manage access to private" +" attributes stored in ``__slots__``:" +msgstr "2. 帮助创建由描述器来管理对保存在 ``__slots__`` 中的私有属性的访问的不可变对象：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"class Immutable:\n" +"\n" +" __slots__ = ('_dept', '_name') # Replace the instance dictionary\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, dept, name):\n" +" self._dept = dept # Store to private attribute\n" +" self._name = name # Store to private attribute\n" +"\n" +" @property # Read-only descriptor\n" +" def dept(self):\n" +" return self._dept\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def name(self): # Read-only descriptor\n" +" return self._name" +msgstr "" +"class Immutable:\n" +"\n" +" __slots__ = ('_dept', '_name') # 替代实例字典\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, dept, name):\n" +" self._dept = dept # 保存到私有属性\n" +" self._name = name # 保存到私有属性\n" +"\n" +" @property # 只读描述器\n" +" def dept(self):\n" +" return self._dept\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def name(self): # 只读描述器\n" +" return self._name" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1581 +msgid "" +">>> mark = Immutable('Botany', 'Mark Watney')\n" +">>> mark.dept\n" +"'Botany'\n" +">>> mark.dept = 'Space Pirate'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: property 'dept' of 'Immutable' object has no setter\n" +">>> mark.location = 'Mars'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: 'Immutable' object has no attribute 'location'" +msgstr "" +">>> mark = Immutable('Botany', 'Mark Watney')\n" +">>> mark.dept\n" +"'Botany'\n" +">>> mark.dept = 'Space Pirate'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: property 'dept' of 'Immutable' object has no setter\n" +">>> mark.location = 'Mars'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: 'Immutable' object has no attribute 'location'" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"3. Saves memory. On a 64-bit Linux build, an instance with two attributes " +"takes 48 bytes with ``__slots__`` and 152 bytes without. This `flyweight " +"design pattern `_ likely " +"only matters when a large number of instances are going to be created." +msgstr "" +"3. 节省内存。 在 64 位 Linux 版本上，带有两个属性的实例如果使用 ``__slots__`` 会占用 48 个字节，如果不使用则会占用 " +"152 个字节。 这种 `flyweight design pattern " +"`_ 通常仅在要创建大量实例时才能显示效果。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1600 +msgid "" +"4. Improves speed. Reading instance variables is 35% faster with " +"``__slots__`` (as measured with Python 3.10 on an Apple M1 processor)." +msgstr "" +"4. 提高速度。使用 ``__slots__`` 读取实例变量的速度提高了 35%（在 Apple M1 处理器上使用 Python 3.10 测量）。" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1603 +msgid "" +"5. Blocks tools like :func:`functools.cached_property` which require an " +"instance dictionary to function correctly:" +msgstr "5. 阻止 :func:`functools.cached_property` 之类需要实例字典才能正常运作的工具：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1606 +msgid "" +"from functools import cached_property\n" +"\n" +"class CP:\n" +" __slots__ = () # Eliminates the instance dict\n" +"\n" +" @cached_property # Requires an instance dict\n" +" def pi(self):\n" +" return 4 * sum((-1.0)**n / (2.0*n + 1.0)\n" +" for n in reversed(range(100_000)))" +msgstr "" +"from functools import cached_property\n" +"\n" +"class CP:\n" +" __slots__ = () # 去除实例字典\n" +"\n" +" @cached_property # 需要一个实例字典\n" +" def pi(self):\n" +" return 4 * sum((-1.0)**n / (2.0*n + 1.0)\n" +" for n in reversed(range(100_000)))" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1618 +msgid "" +">>> CP().pi\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: No '__dict__' attribute on 'CP' instance to cache 'pi' property." +msgstr "" +">>> CP().pi\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: No '__dict__' attribute on 'CP' instance to cache 'pi' property." + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1625 +msgid "" +"It is not possible to create an exact drop-in pure Python version of " +"``__slots__`` because it requires direct access to C structures and control " +"over object memory allocation. However, we can build a mostly faithful " +"simulation where the actual C structure for slots is emulated by a private " +"``_slotvalues`` list. Reads and writes to that private structure are " +"managed by member descriptors:" +msgstr "" +"要创建一个一模一样的纯 Python 版的 ``__slots__`` 是不可能的，因为它需要直接访问 C 结构体并控制对象内存分配。 " +"但是，我们可以构建一个非常相似的模拟版，其中作为 slot 的实际 C 结构体由一个私有的 ``_slotvalues`` 列表来模拟。 " +"对该私有结构体的读写操作将由成员描述器来管理：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1632 +msgid "" +"null = object()\n" +"\n" +"class Member:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, clsname, offset):\n" +" 'Emulate PyMemberDef in Include/structmember.h'\n" +" # Also see descr_new() in Objects/descrobject.c\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.clsname = clsname\n" +" self.offset = offset\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" 'Emulate member_get() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" # Also see PyMember_GetOne() in Python/structmember.c\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self\n" +" value = obj._slotvalues[self.offset]\n" +" if value is null:\n" +" raise AttributeError(self.name)\n" +" return value\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" 'Emulate member_set() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" obj._slotvalues[self.offset] = value\n" +"\n" +" def __delete__(self, obj):\n" +" 'Emulate member_delete() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" value = obj._slotvalues[self.offset]\n" +" if value is null:\n" +" raise AttributeError(self.name)\n" +" obj._slotvalues[self.offset] = null\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" 'Emulate member_repr() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" return f''" +msgstr "" +"null = object()\n" +"\n" +"class Member:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name, clsname, offset):\n" +" 'Emulate PyMemberDef in Include/structmember.h'\n" +" # 另请参阅 Objects/descrobject.c 中的 descr_new()\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.clsname = clsname\n" +" self.offset = offset\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):\n" +" 'Emulate member_get() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" # 另请参阅 Python/structmember.c 中的 PyMember_GetOne()\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self\n" +" value = obj._slotvalues[self.offset]\n" +" if value is null:\n" +" raise AttributeError(self.name)\n" +" return value\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" 'Emulate member_set() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" obj._slotvalues[self.offset] = value\n" +"\n" +" def __delete__(self, obj):\n" +" 'Emulate member_delete() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" value = obj._slotvalues[self.offset]\n" +" if value is null:\n" +" raise AttributeError(self.name)\n" +" obj._slotvalues[self.offset] = null\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" 'Emulate member_repr() in Objects/descrobject.c'\n" +" return f''" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1670 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!type.__new__` method takes care of adding member objects to " +"class variables:" +msgstr ":meth:`!type.__new__` 方法负责将成员对象添加到类变量：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1673 +msgid "" +"class Type(type):\n" +" 'Simulate how the type metaclass adds member objects for slots'\n" +"\n" +" def __new__(mcls, clsname, bases, mapping, **kwargs):\n" +" 'Emulate type_new() in Objects/typeobject.c'\n" +" # type_new() calls PyTypeReady() which calls add_methods()\n" +" slot_names = mapping.get('slot_names', [])\n" +" for offset, name in enumerate(slot_names):\n" +" mapping[name] = Member(name, clsname, offset)\n" +" return type.__new__(mcls, clsname, bases, mapping, **kwargs)" +msgstr "" +"class Type(type):\n" +" 'Simulate how the type metaclass adds member objects for slots'\n" +"\n" +" def __new__(mcls, clsname, bases, mapping, **kwargs):\n" +" 'Emulate type_new() in Objects/typeobject.c'\n" +" # type_new() 将调用 PyTypeReady()，后者将调用 add_methods()\n" +" slot_names = mapping.get('slot_names', [])\n" +" for offset, name in enumerate(slot_names):\n" +" mapping[name] = Member(name, clsname, offset)\n" +" return type.__new__(mcls, clsname, bases, mapping, **kwargs)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1686 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`object.__new__` method takes care of creating instances that have" +" slots instead of an instance dictionary. Here is a rough simulation in " +"pure Python:" +msgstr ":meth:`object.__new__` 方法负责创建具有 slot 而非实例字典的实例。 以下是一个纯 Python 的粗略模拟版：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1690 +msgid "" +"class Object:\n" +" 'Simulate how object.__new__() allocates memory for __slots__'\n" +"\n" +" def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" 'Emulate object_new() in Objects/typeobject.c'\n" +" inst = super().__new__(cls)\n" +" if hasattr(cls, 'slot_names'):\n" +" empty_slots = [null] * len(cls.slot_names)\n" +" object.__setattr__(inst, '_slotvalues', empty_slots)\n" +" return inst\n" +"\n" +" def __setattr__(self, name, value):\n" +" 'Emulate _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict() Objects/object.c'\n" +" cls = type(self)\n" +" if hasattr(cls, 'slot_names') and name not in cls.slot_names:\n" +" raise AttributeError(\n" +" f'{cls.__name__!r} object has no attribute {name!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" super().__setattr__(name, value)\n" +"\n" +" def __delattr__(self, name):\n" +" 'Emulate _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict() Objects/object.c'\n" +" cls = type(self)\n" +" if hasattr(cls, 'slot_names') and name not in cls.slot_names:\n" +" raise AttributeError(\n" +" f'{cls.__name__!r} object has no attribute {name!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" super().__delattr__(name)" +msgstr "" +"class Object:\n" +" 'Simulate how object.__new__() allocates memory for __slots__'\n" +"\n" +" def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" 'Emulate object_new() in Objects/typeobject.c'\n" +" inst = super().__new__(cls)\n" +" if hasattr(cls, 'slot_names'):\n" +" empty_slots = [null] * len(cls.slot_names)\n" +" object.__setattr__(inst, '_slotvalues', empty_slots)\n" +" return inst\n" +"\n" +" def __setattr__(self, name, value):\n" +" 'Emulate _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict() Objects/object.c'\n" +" cls = type(self)\n" +" if hasattr(cls, 'slot_names') and name not in cls.slot_names:\n" +" raise AttributeError(\n" +" f'{cls.__name__!r} object has no attribute {name!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" super().__setattr__(name, value)\n" +"\n" +" def __delattr__(self, name):\n" +" 'Emulate _PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict() Objects/object.c'\n" +" cls = type(self)\n" +" if hasattr(cls, 'slot_names') and name not in cls.slot_names:\n" +" raise AttributeError(\n" +" f'{cls.__name__!r} object has no attribute {name!r}'\n" +" )\n" +" super().__delattr__(name)" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1721 +msgid "" +"To use the simulation in a real class, just inherit from :class:`!Object` " +"and set the :term:`metaclass` to :class:`Type`:" +msgstr "" +"要在真实的类中使用此模拟，只需从 :class:`!Object` 继承并将 :term:`metaclass` 设为 :class:`Type`:" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1724 +msgid "" +"class H(Object, metaclass=Type):\n" +" 'Instance variables stored in slots'\n" +"\n" +" slot_names = ['x', 'y']\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" self.y = y" +msgstr "" +"class H(Object, metaclass=Type):\n" +" 'Instance variables stored in slots'\n" +"\n" +" slot_names = ['x', 'y']\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" self.y = y" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1735 +msgid "" +"At this point, the metaclass has loaded member objects for *x* and *y*::" +msgstr "这时，metaclass 已经为 *x* 和 *y* 加载了成员对象：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1737 +msgid "" +">>> from pprint import pp\n" +">>> pp(dict(vars(H)))\n" +"{'__module__': '__main__',\n" +" '__doc__': 'Instance variables stored in slots',\n" +" 'slot_names': ['x', 'y'],\n" +" '__init__': ,\n" +" 'x': ,\n" +" 'y': }" +msgstr "" +">>> from pprint import pp\n" +">>> pp(dict(vars(H)))\n" +"{'__module__': '__main__',\n" +" '__doc__': 'Instance variables stored in slots',\n" +" 'slot_names': ['x', 'y'],\n" +" '__init__': ,\n" +" 'x': ,\n" +" 'y': }" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1756 +msgid "" +"When instances are created, they have a ``slot_values`` list where the " +"attributes are stored:" +msgstr "当实例被创建时，它们将拥有一个用于存放属性的 ``slot_values`` 列表：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1759 +msgid "" +">>> h = H(10, 20)\n" +">>> vars(h)\n" +"{'_slotvalues': [10, 20]}\n" +">>> h.x = 55\n" +">>> vars(h)\n" +"{'_slotvalues': [55, 20]}" +msgstr "" +">>> h = H(10, 20)\n" +">>> vars(h)\n" +"{'_slotvalues': [10, 20]}\n" +">>> h.x = 55\n" +">>> vars(h)\n" +"{'_slotvalues': [55, 20]}" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1768 +msgid "Misspelled or unassigned attributes will raise an exception:" +msgstr "错误拼写或未赋值的属性将引发一个异常：" + +#: ../../howto/descriptor.rst:1770 +msgid "" +">>> h.xz\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: 'H' object has no attribute 'xz'" +msgstr "" +">>> h.xz\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: 'H' object has no attribute 'xz'" diff --git a/howto/enum.po b/howto/enum.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5262279ce --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/enum.po @@ -0,0 +1,3095 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2025 +# WH-2099 , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:5 +msgid "Enum HOWTO" +msgstr "Enum 指南" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:11 +msgid "" +"An :class:`Enum` is a set of symbolic names bound to unique values. They " +"are similar to global variables, but they offer a more useful :func:`repr`, " +"grouping, type-safety, and a few other features." +msgstr "" +":class:`Enum` 是一组绑定到唯一值的符号名称。 它们类似于全局变量，但提供了更好用的 " +":func:`repr`、分组、类型安全和一些其他特性。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:15 +msgid "" +"They are most useful when you have a variable that can take one of a limited" +" selection of values. For example, the days of the week::" +msgstr "它们最适用于当某个变量可选的值有限时。例如，从一周中选取一天：" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:18 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class Weekday(Enum):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 3\n" +"... THURSDAY = 4\n" +"... FRIDAY = 5\n" +"... SATURDAY = 6\n" +"... SUNDAY = 7" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class Weekday(Enum):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 3\n" +"... THURSDAY = 4\n" +"... FRIDAY = 5\n" +"... SATURDAY = 6\n" +"... SUNDAY = 7" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:28 +msgid "Or perhaps the RGB primary colors::" +msgstr "或是 RGB 三原色：" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:30 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:36 +msgid "" +"As you can see, creating an :class:`Enum` is as simple as writing a class " +"that inherits from :class:`Enum` itself." +msgstr "正如你所见，创建一个 :class:`Enum` 就是简单地写一个继承 :class:`Enum` 的类。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:39 +msgid "Case of Enum Members" +msgstr "枚举成员名的大小写" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Because Enums are used to represent constants, and to help avoid issues with" +" name clashes between mixin-class methods/attributes and enum names, we " +"strongly recommend using UPPER_CASE names for members, and will be using " +"that style in our examples." +msgstr "" +"由于枚举被用来代表常量，并有助于避免混入类方法/属性和枚举名之间发生名称冲突，我们强烈建议用大写形式的名称表示成员，我们将在我们的示例中使用此风格。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Depending on the nature of the enum a member's value may or may not be " +"important, but either way that value can be used to get the corresponding " +"member::" +msgstr "根据枚举的性质，某个成员的值可能不一定用得上，但无论如何都能用那个值构造对应的成员：" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:50 +msgid "" +">>> Weekday(3)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Weekday(3)\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:53 +msgid "" +"As you can see, the ``repr()`` of a member shows the enum name, the member " +"name, and the value. The ``str()`` of a member shows only the enum name and" +" member name::" +msgstr "如你所见，成员的 ``repr()`` 会显示枚举名称、成员名称和值。 成员的 ``str()`` 只会显示枚举名称和成员名称::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:57 +msgid "" +">>> print(Weekday.THURSDAY)\n" +"Weekday.THURSDAY" +msgstr "" +">>> print(Weekday.THURSDAY)\n" +"Weekday.THURSDAY" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:60 +msgid "The *type* of an enumeration member is the enum it belongs to::" +msgstr "枚举成员的 *类型* 就是其所属的枚举::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:62 +msgid "" +">>> type(Weekday.MONDAY)\n" +"\n" +">>> isinstance(Weekday.FRIDAY, Weekday)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> type(Weekday.MONDAY)\n" +"\n" +">>> isinstance(Weekday.FRIDAY, Weekday)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Enum members have an attribute that contains just their :attr:`!name`::" +msgstr "枚举成员带有一个只包含了它们的 :attr:`!name` 的属性::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:69 +msgid "" +">>> print(Weekday.TUESDAY.name)\n" +"TUESDAY" +msgstr "" +">>> print(Weekday.TUESDAY.name)\n" +"TUESDAY" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:72 +msgid "Likewise, they have an attribute for their :attr:`!value`::" +msgstr "类似地，它们还有一个包含其 :attr:`!value` 的属性::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:75 +msgid "" +">>> Weekday.WEDNESDAY.value\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> Weekday.WEDNESDAY.value\n" +"3" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Unlike many languages that treat enumerations solely as name/value pairs, " +"Python Enums can have behavior added. For example, :class:`datetime.date` " +"has two methods for returning the weekday: :meth:`~datetime.date.weekday` " +"and :meth:`~datetime.date.isoweekday`. The difference is that one of them " +"counts from 0-6 and the other from 1-7. Rather than keep track of that " +"ourselves we can add a method to the :class:`!Weekday` enum to extract the " +"day from the :class:`~datetime.date` instance and return the matching enum " +"member::" +msgstr "" +"不同于许多只把枚举当作名称/值对的的语言，Python 枚举还可以添加行为。 例如，:class:`datetime.date` " +"有两个方法用来返回星期序号: :meth:`~datetime.date.weekday` 和 " +":meth:`~datetime.date.isoweekday`。 两者的区别在于一个是以 0-6 计数而另一个是以 1-7。 " +"这一点无须我们自己来记住而是可以向 :class:`!Weekday` 枚举添加一个方法用来从 :class:`~datetime.date` " +"实例提取日期并返回匹配的枚举成员::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:87 +msgid "" +"@classmethod\n" +"def from_date(cls, date):\n" +" return cls(date.isoweekday())" +msgstr "" +"@classmethod\n" +"def from_date(cls, date):\n" +" return cls(date.isoweekday())" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:91 +msgid "The complete :class:`!Weekday` enum now looks like this::" +msgstr "完整的 :class:`!Weekday` 枚举现在看起来是这样的::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:93 +msgid "" +">>> class Weekday(Enum):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 3\n" +"... THURSDAY = 4\n" +"... FRIDAY = 5\n" +"... SATURDAY = 6\n" +"... SUNDAY = 7\n" +"... #\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def from_date(cls, date):\n" +"... return cls(date.isoweekday())" +msgstr "" +">>> class Weekday(Enum):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 3\n" +"... THURSDAY = 4\n" +"... FRIDAY = 5\n" +"... SATURDAY = 6\n" +"... SUNDAY = 7\n" +"... #\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def from_date(cls, date):\n" +"... return cls(date.isoweekday())" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:106 +msgid "Now we can find out what today is! Observe::" +msgstr "现在可以知道今天是星期几了::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:108 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> Weekday.from_date(date.today())\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> Weekday.from_date(date.today())\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Of course, if you're reading this on some other day, you'll see that day " +"instead." +msgstr "当然，如果换个日子读到这篇文章，应该看到当天是周几。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:114 +msgid "" +"This :class:`!Weekday` enum is great if our variable only needs one day, but" +" what if we need several? Maybe we're writing a function to plot chores " +"during a week, and don't want to use a :class:`list` -- we could use a " +"different type of :class:`Enum`::" +msgstr "" +"如果我们的变量只需记录一天那么这个 :class:`!Weekday` 枚举很好用，但是如果我们需要记录好几天呢？ " +"可能我们要写一个函数来描述一星期内的家务，并且不想使用 :class:`list` —— 我们可以使用另一种类型的 :class:`Enum`::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:119 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Flag\n" +">>> class Weekday(Flag):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 4\n" +"... THURSDAY = 8\n" +"... FRIDAY = 16\n" +"... SATURDAY = 32\n" +"... SUNDAY = 64" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Flag\n" +">>> class Weekday(Flag):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 4\n" +"... THURSDAY = 8\n" +"... FRIDAY = 16\n" +"... SATURDAY = 32\n" +"... SUNDAY = 64" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:129 +msgid "" +"We've changed two things: we're inherited from :class:`Flag`, and the values" +" are all powers of 2." +msgstr "这里做了两处改动：继承了 :class:`Flag`，而且值都是2的幂。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Just like the original :class:`!Weekday` enum above, we can have a single " +"selection::" +msgstr "就像上面的原始 :class:`!Weekday` 枚举一样，我们可以有单个选择::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:134 +msgid "" +">>> first_week_day = Weekday.MONDAY\n" +">>> first_week_day\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> first_week_day = Weekday.MONDAY\n" +">>> first_week_day\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:138 +msgid "" +"But :class:`Flag` also allows us to combine several members into a single " +"variable::" +msgstr "但 :class:`Flag` 也允许将几个成员并入一个变量::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:141 +msgid "" +">>> weekend = Weekday.SATURDAY | Weekday.SUNDAY\n" +">>> weekend\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> weekend = Weekday.SATURDAY | Weekday.SUNDAY\n" +">>> weekend\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:145 +msgid "You can even iterate over a :class:`Flag` variable::" +msgstr "甚至可以在一个 :class:`Flag` 变量上进行迭代::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:147 +msgid "" +">>> for day in weekend:\n" +"... print(day)\n" +"Weekday.SATURDAY\n" +"Weekday.SUNDAY" +msgstr "" +">>> for day in weekend:\n" +"... print(day)\n" +"Weekday.SATURDAY\n" +"Weekday.SUNDAY" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:152 +msgid "Okay, let's get some chores set up::" +msgstr "好吧，让我们来安排家务吧::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:154 +msgid "" +">>> chores_for_ethan = {\n" +"... 'feed the cat': Weekday.MONDAY | Weekday.WEDNESDAY | Weekday.FRIDAY,\n" +"... 'do the dishes': Weekday.TUESDAY | Weekday.THURSDAY,\n" +"... 'answer SO questions': Weekday.SATURDAY,\n" +"... }" +msgstr "" +">>> chores_for_ethan = {\n" +"... 'feed the cat': Weekday.MONDAY | Weekday.WEDNESDAY | Weekday.FRIDAY,\n" +"... 'do the dishes': Weekday.TUESDAY | Weekday.THURSDAY,\n" +"... 'answer SO questions': Weekday.SATURDAY,\n" +"... }" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:160 +msgid "And a function to display the chores for a given day::" +msgstr "一个显示某天家务的函数::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:162 +msgid "" +">>> def show_chores(chores, day):\n" +"... for chore, days in chores.items():\n" +"... if day in days:\n" +"... print(chore)\n" +"...\n" +">>> show_chores(chores_for_ethan, Weekday.SATURDAY)\n" +"answer SO questions" +msgstr "" +">>> def show_chores(chores, day):\n" +"... for chore, days in chores.items():\n" +"... if day in days:\n" +"... print(chore)\n" +"...\n" +">>> show_chores(chores_for_ethan, Weekday.SATURDAY)\n" +"answer SO questions" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:170 +msgid "" +"In cases where the actual values of the members do not matter, you can save " +"yourself some work and use :func:`auto` for the values::" +msgstr "对于成员的实际取值无关紧要的情况，你可以省事地使用 :func:`auto` 来设置值::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:173 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import auto\n" +">>> class Weekday(Flag):\n" +"... MONDAY = auto()\n" +"... TUESDAY = auto()\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = auto()\n" +"... THURSDAY = auto()\n" +"... FRIDAY = auto()\n" +"... SATURDAY = auto()\n" +"... SUNDAY = auto()\n" +"... WEEKEND = SATURDAY | SUNDAY" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import auto\n" +">>> class Weekday(Flag):\n" +"... MONDAY = auto()\n" +"... TUESDAY = auto()\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = auto()\n" +"... THURSDAY = auto()\n" +"... FRIDAY = auto()\n" +"... SATURDAY = auto()\n" +"... SUNDAY = auto()\n" +"... WEEKEND = SATURDAY | SUNDAY" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:189 +msgid "Programmatic access to enumeration members and their attributes" +msgstr "枚举成员及其属性的编程访问" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it's useful to access members in enumerations programmatically " +"(i.e. situations where ``Color.RED`` won't do because the exact color is not" +" known at program-writing time). ``Enum`` allows such access::" +msgstr "" +"有时，要在程序中访问枚举成员（如，开发时不知道颜色的确切值，``Color.RED`` 不适用的情况）。``Enum`` 支持如下访问方式::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:195 +msgid "" +">>> Color(1)\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(3)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Color(1)\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(3)\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:200 +msgid "If you want to access enum members by *name*, use item access::" +msgstr "若要用 *名称* 访问枚举成员时，可使用枚举项::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:202 +msgid "" +">>> Color['RED']\n" +"\n" +">>> Color['GREEN']\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Color['RED']\n" +"\n" +">>> Color['GREEN']\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:207 +msgid "" +"If you have an enum member and need its :attr:`!name` or :attr:`!value`::" +msgstr "如果你有一个枚举成员并需要它的 :attr:`!name` 或 :attr:`!value`::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:209 +msgid "" +">>> member = Color.RED\n" +">>> member.name\n" +"'RED'\n" +">>> member.value\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> member = Color.RED\n" +">>> member.name\n" +"'RED'\n" +">>> member.value\n" +"1" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:217 +msgid "Duplicating enum members and values" +msgstr "重复的枚举成员和值" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:219 +msgid "Having two enum members with the same name is invalid::" +msgstr "两个枚举成员的名称不能相同::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:221 +msgid "" +">>> class Shape(Enum):\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"... SQUARE = 3\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError: 'SQUARE' already defined as 2" +msgstr "" +">>> class Shape(Enum):\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"... SQUARE = 3\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError: 'SQUARE' already defined as 2" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:229 +msgid "" +"However, an enum member can have other names associated with it. Given two " +"entries ``A`` and ``B`` with the same value (and ``A`` defined first), ``B``" +" is an alias for the member ``A``. By-value lookup of the value of ``A`` " +"will return the member ``A``. By-name lookup of ``A`` will return the " +"member ``A``. By-name lookup of ``B`` will also return the member ``A``::" +msgstr "" +"然而，一个枚举成员可以关联多个其他名称。如果两个枚举项 ``A`` 和 ``B`` 具有相同值（并且首先定义的是 ``A`` ），则 ``B`` 是成员" +" ``A`` 的别名。对 ``A`` 按值检索将会返回成员 ``A``。按名称检索 ``B`` 也会返回成员 ``A``::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:235 +msgid "" +">>> class Shape(Enum):\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"... DIAMOND = 1\n" +"... CIRCLE = 3\n" +"... ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Shape.SQUARE\n" +"\n" +">>> Shape.ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE\n" +"\n" +">>> Shape(2)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Shape(Enum):\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"... DIAMOND = 1\n" +"... CIRCLE = 3\n" +"... ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Shape.SQUARE\n" +"\n" +">>> Shape.ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE\n" +"\n" +">>> Shape(2)\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Attempting to create a member with the same name as an already defined " +"attribute (another member, a method, etc.) or attempting to create an " +"attribute with the same name as a member is not allowed." +msgstr "不允许创建与已定义属性（其他成员、方法等）同名的成员，也不支持创建与现有成员同名的属性。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:256 +msgid "Ensuring unique enumeration values" +msgstr "确保枚举值唯一" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:258 +msgid "" +"By default, enumerations allow multiple names as aliases for the same value." +" When this behavior isn't desired, you can use the :func:`unique` " +"decorator::" +msgstr "默认情况下，枚举允许多个名称作为同一个值的别名。若不想如此，可以使用 :func:`unique` 装饰器::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:261 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum, unique\n" +">>> @unique\n" +"... class Mistake(Enum):\n" +"... ONE = 1\n" +"... TWO = 2\n" +"... THREE = 3\n" +"... FOUR = 3\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: duplicate values found in : FOUR -> THREE" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum, unique\n" +">>> @unique\n" +"... class Mistake(Enum):\n" +"... ONE = 1\n" +"... TWO = 2\n" +"... THREE = 3\n" +"... FOUR = 3\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: duplicate values found in : FOUR -> THREE" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:275 +msgid "Using automatic values" +msgstr "使用自动设定的值" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:277 +msgid "If the exact value is unimportant you can use :class:`auto`::" +msgstr "如果具体的枚举值无所谓是什么，可以使用 :class:`auto`::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:279 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> [member.value for member in Color]\n" +"[1, 2, 3]" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> [member.value for member in Color]\n" +"[1, 2, 3]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:288 +msgid "" +"The values are chosen by :func:`~Enum._generate_next_value_`, which can be " +"overridden::" +msgstr "枚举值由 :func:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` 来选取，它可以被重写::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:291 +msgid "" +">>> class AutoName(Enum):\n" +"... @staticmethod\n" +"... def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):\n" +"... return name\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Ordinal(AutoName):\n" +"... NORTH = auto()\n" +"... SOUTH = auto()\n" +"... EAST = auto()\n" +"... WEST = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> [member.value for member in Ordinal]\n" +"['NORTH', 'SOUTH', 'EAST', 'WEST']" +msgstr "" +">>> class AutoName(Enum):\n" +"... @staticmethod\n" +"... def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):\n" +"... return name\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Ordinal(AutoName):\n" +"... NORTH = auto()\n" +"... SOUTH = auto()\n" +"... EAST = auto()\n" +"... WEST = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> [member.value for member in Ordinal]\n" +"['NORTH', 'SOUTH', 'EAST', 'WEST']" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` method must be defined before any " +"members." +msgstr ":meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` 方法必须在任何成员之前定义。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:310 +msgid "Iteration" +msgstr "迭代遍历" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:312 +msgid "Iterating over the members of an enum does not provide the aliases::" +msgstr "对枚举成员的迭代遍历不会列出别名::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:314 +msgid "" +">>> list(Shape)\n" +"[, , ]\n" +">>> list(Weekday)\n" +"[, , , , , , ]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(Shape)\n" +"[, , ]\n" +">>> list(Weekday)\n" +"[, , , , , , ]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Note that the aliases ``Shape.ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE`` and ``Weekday.WEEKEND`` " +"aren't shown." +msgstr "请注意 ``Shape.ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE`` 和 ``Weekday.WEEKEND`` 等别名不会被显示。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The special attribute ``__members__`` is a read-only ordered mapping of " +"names to members. It includes all names defined in the enumeration, " +"including the aliases::" +msgstr "特殊属性 ``__members__`` 是一个名称与成员间的只读有序映射。包含了枚举中定义的所有名称，包括别名::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:325 +msgid "" +">>> for name, member in Shape.__members__.items():\n" +"... name, member\n" +"...\n" +"('SQUARE', )\n" +"('DIAMOND', )\n" +"('CIRCLE', )\n" +"('ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE', )" +msgstr "" +">>> for name, member in Shape.__members__.items():\n" +"... name, member\n" +"...\n" +"('SQUARE', )\n" +"('DIAMOND', )\n" +"('CIRCLE', )\n" +"('ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE', )" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The ``__members__`` attribute can be used for detailed programmatic access " +"to the enumeration members. For example, finding all the aliases::" +msgstr "``__members__`` 属性可用于获取枚举成员的详细信息。比如查找所有别名::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:336 +msgid "" +">>> [name for name, member in Shape.__members__.items() if member.name != name]\n" +"['ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE']" +msgstr "" +">>> [name for name, member in Shape.__members__.items() if member.name != name]\n" +"['ALIAS_FOR_SQUARE']" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Aliases for flags include values with multiple flags set, such as ``3``, and" +" no flags set, i.e. ``0``." +msgstr "旗标的别名包括带有多个旗标设置的值，如 ``3``，以及不设置任何旗标，即 ``0``。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:346 +msgid "Comparisons" +msgstr "比较运算" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:348 +msgid "Enumeration members are compared by identity::" +msgstr "枚举成员是按 ID 进行比较的::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:350 +msgid "" +">>> Color.RED is Color.RED\n" +"True\n" +">>> Color.RED is Color.BLUE\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.RED is not Color.BLUE\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.RED is Color.RED\n" +"True\n" +">>> Color.RED is Color.BLUE\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.RED is not Color.BLUE\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Ordered comparisons between enumeration values are *not* supported. Enum " +"members are not integers (but see `IntEnum`_ below)::" +msgstr "枚举值之间无法进行有序的比较。枚举的成员不是整数（另请参阅下文 `IntEnum`_）::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:360 +msgid "" +">>> Color.RED < Color.BLUE\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'Color' and 'Color'" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.RED < Color.BLUE\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'Color' and 'Color'" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:365 +msgid "Equality comparisons are defined though::" +msgstr "相等性比较的定义如下::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:367 +msgid "" +">>> Color.BLUE == Color.RED\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.BLUE != Color.RED\n" +"True\n" +">>> Color.BLUE == Color.BLUE\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.BLUE == Color.RED\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.BLUE != Color.RED\n" +"True\n" +">>> Color.BLUE == Color.BLUE\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Comparisons against non-enumeration values will always compare not equal " +"(again, :class:`IntEnum` was explicitly designed to behave differently, see " +"below)::" +msgstr "与非枚举值的比较将总是不等的（同样 :class:`IntEnum` 有意设计为其他的做法，参见下文）::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:378 +msgid "" +">>> Color.BLUE == 2\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.BLUE == 2\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:383 +msgid "" +"It is possible to reload modules -- if a reloaded module contains enums, " +"they will be recreated, and the new members may not compare identical/equal " +"to the original members." +msgstr "重载模块是可能的 -- 如果载入的模块包含枚举，它们将被重新创建，而新成员的标识号/相等性比较不一定会通过。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:388 +msgid "Allowed members and attributes of enumerations" +msgstr "合法的枚举成员和属性" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Most of the examples above use integers for enumeration values. Using " +"integers is short and handy (and provided by default by the `Functional " +"API`_), but not strictly enforced. In the vast majority of use-cases, one " +"doesn't care what the actual value of an enumeration is. But if the value " +"*is* important, enumerations can have arbitrary values." +msgstr "" +"以上大多数示例都用了整数作为枚举值。使用整数确实简短方便（并且是 `Functional API`_ " +"默认提供的值），但并非强制要求。绝大多数情况下，人们并不关心枚举的实际值是什么。但如果值确实重要，可以使用任何值。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Enumerations are Python classes, and can have methods and special methods as" +" usual. If we have this enumeration::" +msgstr "枚举是 Python 的类，可带有普通方法和特殊方法。假设有如下枚举::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:399 +msgid "" +">>> class Mood(Enum):\n" +"... FUNKY = 1\n" +"... HAPPY = 3\n" +"...\n" +"... def describe(self):\n" +"... # self is the member here\n" +"... return self.name, self.value\n" +"...\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return 'my custom str! {0}'.format(self.value)\n" +"...\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def favorite_mood(cls):\n" +"... # cls here is the enumeration\n" +"... return cls.HAPPY\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class Mood(Enum):\n" +"... FUNKY = 1\n" +"... HAPPY = 3\n" +"...\n" +"... def describe(self):\n" +"... # 在这里 self 是成员\n" +"... return self.name, self.value\n" +"...\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return 'my custom str! {0}'.format(self.value)\n" +"...\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def favorite_mood(cls):\n" +"... # 在这里 cls 是枚举\n" +"... return cls.HAPPY\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:416 +msgid "Then::" +msgstr "那么::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:418 +msgid "" +">>> Mood.favorite_mood()\n" +"\n" +">>> Mood.HAPPY.describe()\n" +"('HAPPY', 3)\n" +">>> str(Mood.FUNKY)\n" +"'my custom str! 1'" +msgstr "" +">>> Mood.favorite_mood()\n" +"\n" +">>> Mood.HAPPY.describe()\n" +"('HAPPY', 3)\n" +">>> str(Mood.FUNKY)\n" +"'my custom str! 1'" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:425 +msgid "" +"The rules for what is allowed are as follows: names that start and end with " +"a single underscore are reserved by enum and cannot be used; all other " +"attributes defined within an enumeration will become members of this " +"enumeration, with the exception of special methods (:meth:`~object.__str__`," +" :meth:`~object.__add__`, etc.), descriptors (methods are also descriptors)," +" and variable names listed in :attr:`~Enum._ignore_`." +msgstr "" +"对于允许内容的规则如下：以单下划线开始和结尾的名称是由枚举保留而不可使用的；在枚举中定义的其他属性将成为该枚举的成员，例外项则包括特殊方法 " +"(:meth:`~object.__str__`, :meth:`~object.__add__`, etc.)、描述器 (方法也属于描述器) 以及在 " +":attr:`~Enum._ignore_` 中列出的变量名。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Note: if your enumeration defines :meth:`~object.__new__` and/or " +":meth:`~object.__init__`, any value(s) given to the enum member will be " +"passed into those methods. See `Planet`_ for an example." +msgstr "" +"注意：如果你的枚举定义了 :meth:`~object.__new__` 和/或 " +":meth:`~object.__init__`，则给予枚举成员的任何值都将被传递给这些方法。 参见 `Planet`_ 中的示例。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:438 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__new__` method, if defined, is used during creation of " +"the Enum members; it is then replaced by Enum's :meth:`~object.__new__` " +"which is used after class creation for lookup of existing members. See " +":ref:`new-vs-init` for more details." +msgstr "" +"如果定义了 :meth:`~object.__new__` 方法，它会在创建 Enum 成员期间被使用；随后它将被 Enum 的 " +":meth:`~object.__new__` 所替换，该方法会在类创建后被用于查找现有成员。 详情参见 :ref:`new-vs-init`。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:445 +msgid "Restricted Enum subclassing" +msgstr "受限的 Enum 子类化" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:447 +msgid "" +"A new :class:`Enum` class must have one base enum class, up to one concrete " +"data type, and as many :class:`object`-based mixin classes as needed. The " +"order of these base classes is::" +msgstr "" +"新建的 :class:`Enum` 类必须包含：一个枚举基类、至多一种数据类型和按需提供的基于 :class:`object` " +"的混合类。这些基类的顺序如下::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:451 +msgid "" +"class EnumName([mix-in, ...,] [data-type,] base-enum):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class EnumName([mix-in, ...,] [data-type,] base-enum):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:454 +msgid "" +"Also, subclassing an enumeration is allowed only if the enumeration does not" +" define any members. So this is forbidden::" +msgstr "仅当未定义任何成员时，枚举类才允许被子类化。因此不得有以下写法::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:457 +msgid "" +">>> class MoreColor(Color):\n" +"... PINK = 17\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError: cannot extend " +msgstr "" +">>> class MoreColor(Color):\n" +"... PINK = 17\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError: cannot extend " + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:464 +msgid "But this is allowed::" +msgstr "但以下代码是可以的::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:466 +msgid "" +">>> class Foo(Enum):\n" +"... def some_behavior(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Bar(Foo):\n" +"... HAPPY = 1\n" +"... SAD = 2\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class Foo(Enum):\n" +"... def some_behavior(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Bar(Foo):\n" +"... HAPPY = 1\n" +"... SAD = 2\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:475 +msgid "" +"Allowing subclassing of enums that define members would lead to a violation " +"of some important invariants of types and instances. On the other hand, it " +"makes sense to allow sharing some common behavior between a group of " +"enumerations. (See `OrderedEnum`_ for an example.)" +msgstr "" +"如果定义了成员的枚举也能被子类化，则类型与实例的某些重要不可变规则将会被破坏。另一方面，一组枚举类共享某些操作也是合理的。（请参阅例程 " +"`OrderedEnum`_ ）" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:484 +msgid "Dataclass support" +msgstr "数据类支持" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:486 +msgid "" +"When inheriting from a :class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`, the " +":meth:`~Enum.__repr__` omits the inherited class' name. For example::" +msgstr "" +"当从 :class:`~dataclasses.dataclass` 继承时，:meth:`~Enum.__repr__` 将忽略被继承类的名称。 " +"例如::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:489 +msgid "" +">>> from dataclasses import dataclass, field\n" +">>> @dataclass\n" +"... class CreatureDataMixin:\n" +"... size: str\n" +"... legs: int\n" +"... tail: bool = field(repr=False, default=True)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Creature(CreatureDataMixin, Enum):\n" +"... BEETLE = 'small', 6\n" +"... DOG = 'medium', 4\n" +"...\n" +">>> Creature.DOG\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from dataclasses import dataclass, field\n" +">>> @dataclass\n" +"... class CreatureDataMixin:\n" +"... size: str\n" +"... legs: int\n" +"... tail: bool = field(repr=False, default=True)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Creature(CreatureDataMixin, Enum):\n" +"... BEETLE = 'small', 6\n" +"... DOG = 'medium', 4\n" +"...\n" +">>> Creature.DOG\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:503 +msgid "" +"Use the :func:`~dataclasses.dataclass` argument ``repr=False`` to use the " +"standard :func:`repr`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`~dataclasses.dataclass` 参数 ``repr=False`` 来使用标准的 :func:`repr`。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Only the dataclass fields are shown in the value area, not the dataclass' " +"name." +msgstr "只有数据类字段会被显示在值区域中，数据类名称不会被显示。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:512 +msgid "" +"Adding :func:`~dataclasses.dataclass` decorator to :class:`Enum` and its " +"subclasses is not supported. It will not raise any errors, but it will " +"produce very strange results at runtime, such as members being equal to each" +" other::" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`Enum` 及其子类添加 :func:`~dataclasses.dataclass` 装饰器是不受支持的。 " +"它不会引发任何错误，但会在运行时产生非常怪异的结果，例如不同的成员彼此相等::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:517 +msgid "" +">>> @dataclass # don't do this: it does not make any sense\n" +"... class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... BLUE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.RED is Color.BLUE\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.RED == Color.BLUE # problem is here: they should not be equal\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> @dataclass # 不要这样做：没有任何意义\n" +"... class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... BLUE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.RED is Color.BLUE\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.RED == Color.BLUE # 问题在这里：它们不应该相等\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:529 +msgid "Pickling" +msgstr "打包（pickle）" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:531 +msgid "Enumerations can be pickled and unpickled::" +msgstr "枚举类型可以被打包和解包::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:533 +msgid "" +">>> from test.test_enum import Fruit\n" +">>> from pickle import dumps, loads\n" +">>> Fruit.TOMATO is loads(dumps(Fruit.TOMATO))\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from test.test_enum import Fruit\n" +">>> from pickle import dumps, loads\n" +">>> Fruit.TOMATO is loads(dumps(Fruit.TOMATO))\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:538 +msgid "" +"The usual restrictions for pickling apply: picklable enums must be defined " +"in the top level of a module, since unpickling requires them to be " +"importable from that module." +msgstr "打包的常规限制同样适用于枚举类型：必须在模块的最高层级定义，因为解包操作要求可从该模块导入。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:544 +msgid "" +"With pickle protocol version 4 it is possible to easily pickle enums nested " +"in other classes." +msgstr "用 pickle 协议版本 4 可以轻松地将嵌入其他类中的枚举进行打包。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:547 +msgid "" +"It is possible to modify how enum members are pickled/unpickled by defining " +":meth:`~object.__reduce_ex__` in the enumeration class. The default method " +"is by-value, but enums with complicated values may want to use by-name::" +msgstr "" +"通过在枚举类中定义 :meth:`~object.__reduce_ex__`，可以修改枚举成员的 pickled/unpicled " +"方式。默认方法是根据值进行的，但具有复杂值的枚举可能需要根据名称进行::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:551 +msgid "" +">>> import enum\n" +">>> class MyEnum(enum.Enum):\n" +"... __reduce_ex__ = enum.pickle_by_enum_name" +msgstr "" +">>> import enum\n" +">>> class MyEnum(enum.Enum):\n" +"... __reduce_ex__ = enum.pickle_by_enum_name" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Using by-name for flags is not recommended, as unnamed aliases will not " +"unpickle." +msgstr "不建议为旗标使用基于名称的方式，因为未命名的别名将无法解封。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:562 +msgid "Functional API" +msgstr "函数式 API" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:564 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Enum` class is callable, providing the following functional " +"API::" +msgstr ":class:`Enum` 类可调用并提供了以下函数式 API：" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:566 +msgid "" +">>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG')\n" +">>> Animal\n" +"\n" +">>> Animal.ANT\n" +"\n" +">>> list(Animal)\n" +"[, , , ]" +msgstr "" +">>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG')\n" +">>> Animal\n" +"\n" +">>> Animal.ANT\n" +"\n" +">>> list(Animal)\n" +"[, , , ]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:574 +msgid "" +"The semantics of this API resemble :class:`~collections.namedtuple`. The " +"first argument of the call to :class:`Enum` is the name of the enumeration." +msgstr "" +"该 API 的语义类似于 :class:`~collections.namedtuple`。调用 :class:`Enum` 的第一个参数是枚举的名称。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:577 +msgid "" +"The second argument is the *source* of enumeration member names. It can be " +"a whitespace-separated string of names, a sequence of names, a sequence of " +"2-tuples with key/value pairs, or a mapping (e.g. dictionary) of names to " +"values. The last two options enable assigning arbitrary values to " +"enumerations; the others auto-assign increasing integers starting with 1 " +"(use the ``start`` parameter to specify a different starting value). A new " +"class derived from :class:`Enum` is returned. In other words, the above " +"assignment to :class:`!Animal` is equivalent to::" +msgstr "" +"第二个参数是枚举成员名称的 *来源*。它可以是以空白分隔的名称字符串、名称序列、包含键/值对的 2 " +"元组序列或名称到值的映射（如字典）。后两个选项可为枚举指定任意值；其他选项则自动指定从 1 开始的递增整数（使用 ``start`` " +"参数可指定不同的起始值）。返回值是一个从 :class:`Enum` 派生的新类。也就是说，上述对 :class:`!Animal` 的赋值相当于：" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:586 +msgid "" +">>> class Animal(Enum):\n" +"... ANT = 1\n" +"... BEE = 2\n" +"... CAT = 3\n" +"... DOG = 4\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class Animal(Enum):\n" +"... ANT = 1\n" +"... BEE = 2\n" +"... CAT = 3\n" +"... DOG = 4\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:593 +msgid "" +"The reason for defaulting to ``1`` as the starting number and not ``0`` is " +"that ``0`` is ``False`` in a boolean sense, but by default enum members all " +"evaluate to ``True``." +msgstr "" +"默认从 ``1`` 开始而非 ``0`` ，因为 ``0`` 是布尔值 ``False`` ，但默认的枚举成员都被视作 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:597 +msgid "" +"Pickling enums created with the functional API can be tricky as frame stack " +"implementation details are used to try and figure out which module the " +"enumeration is being created in (e.g. it will fail if you use a utility " +"function in a separate module, and also may not work on IronPython or " +"Jython). The solution is to specify the module name explicitly as follows::" +msgstr "" +"对使用函数式 API " +"创建的枚举进行封存，可能会很棘手，因为要使用栈帧的实现细节来尝试找出枚举是在哪个模块中创建的（例如当你使用了另一个模块中的实用函数时它就可能失败，在 " +"IronPython 或 Jython 上也可能无效）。解决办法是像下面这样显式地指定模块名称：" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:603 +msgid ">>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG', module=__name__)" +msgstr ">>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG', module=__name__)" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:607 +msgid "" +"If ``module`` is not supplied, and Enum cannot determine what it is, the new" +" Enum members will not be unpicklable; to keep errors closer to the source, " +"pickling will be disabled." +msgstr "" +"如果未提供 ``module``，且 Enum 无法确定是哪个模块，新的 Enum 成员将不可被解封；为了让错误尽量靠近源头，封存将被禁用。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:611 +msgid "" +"The new pickle protocol 4 also, in some circumstances, relies on " +":attr:`~type.__qualname__` being set to the location where pickle will be " +"able to find the class. For example, if the class was made available in " +"class SomeData in the global scope::" +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下，新的 pickle 版本 4 协议还需要 :attr:`~type.__qualname__` 在 pickle 能够找到类的位置。 " +"例如，如果该类是在全局作用域内的 SomeData 类中可见::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:616 +msgid "" +">>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG', qualname='SomeData.Animal')" +msgstr "" +">>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG', qualname='SomeData.Animal')" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:618 +msgid "The complete signature is::" +msgstr "完整的签名为::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:620 +msgid "" +"Enum(\n" +" value='NewEnumName',\n" +" names=<...>,\n" +" *,\n" +" module='...',\n" +" qualname='...',\n" +" type=,\n" +" start=1,\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"Enum(\n" +" value='NewEnumName',\n" +" names=<...>,\n" +" *,\n" +" module='...',\n" +" qualname='...',\n" +" type=,\n" +" start=1,\n" +" )" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:630 +msgid "*value*: What the new enum class will record as its name." +msgstr "*value*: 新枚举类将会作为其名称记录的值。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:632 +msgid "" +"*names*: The enum members. This can be a whitespace- or comma-separated " +"string (values will start at 1 unless otherwise specified)::" +msgstr "*names*: 枚举的成员。 这可以是一个用空格或逗号分隔的字符串（值将从 1 开始除非另外指定）::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:635 +msgid "'RED GREEN BLUE' | 'RED,GREEN,BLUE' | 'RED, GREEN, BLUE'" +msgstr "'RED GREEN BLUE' | 'RED,GREEN,BLUE' | 'RED, GREEN, BLUE'" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:637 +msgid "or an iterator of names::" +msgstr "或是一个名称的迭代器对象::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:639 +msgid "['RED', 'GREEN', 'BLUE']" +msgstr "['RED', 'GREEN', 'BLUE']" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:641 +msgid "or an iterator of (name, value) pairs::" +msgstr "或是一个 (名称, 值) 对的迭代器对象::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:643 +msgid "[('CYAN', 4), ('MAGENTA', 5), ('YELLOW', 6)]" +msgstr "[('CYAN', 4), ('MAGENTA', 5), ('YELLOW', 6)]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:645 +msgid "or a mapping::" +msgstr "或是一个映射对象::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:647 +msgid "{'CHARTREUSE': 7, 'SEA_GREEN': 11, 'ROSEMARY': 42}" +msgstr "{'CHARTREUSE': 7, 'SEA_GREEN': 11, 'ROSEMARY': 42}" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:649 +msgid "*module*: name of module where new enum class can be found." +msgstr "*module*: 新枚举类所在的模块名。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:651 +msgid "*qualname*: where in module new enum class can be found." +msgstr "*qualname*: 新枚举类在模块内的位置。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:653 +msgid "*type*: type to mix in to new enum class." +msgstr "*type*: 要混入到新枚举类的类型。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:655 +msgid "*start*: number to start counting at if only names are passed in." +msgstr "*start*: 当只传入名称时要使用的起始计数编号。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:657 +msgid "The *start* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *start* 形参。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:662 +msgid "Derived Enumerations" +msgstr "派生的枚举" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:665 +msgid "IntEnum" +msgstr "IntEnum" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:667 +msgid "" +"The first variation of :class:`Enum` that is provided is also a subclass of " +":class:`int`. Members of an :class:`IntEnum` can be compared to integers; " +"by extension, integer enumerations of different types can also be compared " +"to each other::" +msgstr "" +"所提供的第一个变种 :class:`Enum` 同时也是 :class:`int` 的一个子类。 :class:`IntEnum` " +"的成员可与整数进行比较；通过扩展，不同类型的整数枚举也可以相互进行比较::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:672 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import IntEnum\n" +">>> class Shape(IntEnum):\n" +"... CIRCLE = 1\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Request(IntEnum):\n" +"... POST = 1\n" +"... GET = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Shape == 1\n" +"False\n" +">>> Shape.CIRCLE == 1\n" +"True\n" +">>> Shape.CIRCLE == Request.POST\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import IntEnum\n" +">>> class Shape(IntEnum):\n" +"... CIRCLE = 1\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Request(IntEnum):\n" +"... POST = 1\n" +"... GET = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Shape == 1\n" +"False\n" +">>> Shape.CIRCLE == 1\n" +"True\n" +">>> Shape.CIRCLE == Request.POST\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:688 +msgid "" +"However, they still can't be compared to standard :class:`Enum` " +"enumerations::" +msgstr "不过，它们仍然不可与标准 :class:`Enum` 枚举进行比较::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:690 +msgid "" +">>> class Shape(IntEnum):\n" +"... CIRCLE = 1\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Shape.CIRCLE == Color.RED\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> class Shape(IntEnum):\n" +"... CIRCLE = 1\n" +"... SQUARE = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"...\n" +">>> Shape.CIRCLE == Color.RED\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:701 +msgid "" +":class:`IntEnum` values behave like integers in other ways you'd expect::" +msgstr ":class:`IntEnum` 值在其他方面的行为都如你预期的一样类似于整数::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:703 +msgid "" +">>> int(Shape.CIRCLE)\n" +"1\n" +">>> ['a', 'b', 'c'][Shape.CIRCLE]\n" +"'b'\n" +">>> [i for i in range(Shape.SQUARE)]\n" +"[0, 1]" +msgstr "" +">>> int(Shape.CIRCLE)\n" +"1\n" +">>> ['a', 'b', 'c'][Shape.CIRCLE]\n" +"'b'\n" +">>> [i for i in range(Shape.SQUARE)]\n" +"[0, 1]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:712 +msgid "StrEnum" +msgstr "StrEnum" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:714 +msgid "" +"The second variation of :class:`Enum` that is provided is also a subclass of" +" :class:`str`. Members of a :class:`StrEnum` can be compared to strings; by" +" extension, string enumerations of different types can also be compared to " +"each other." +msgstr "" +"所提供的第二种 :class:`Enum` 变体同时也是 :class:`str` 的一个子类。 :class:`StrEnum` " +"的成员可与字符串进行比较；通过扩展，不同类型的字符串枚举也可以相互进行比较。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:723 +msgid "IntFlag" +msgstr "IntFlag" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The next variation of :class:`Enum` provided, :class:`IntFlag`, is also " +"based on :class:`int`. The difference being :class:`IntFlag` members can be" +" combined using the bitwise operators (&, \\|, ^, ~) and the result is still" +" an :class:`IntFlag` member, if possible. Like :class:`IntEnum`, " +":class:`IntFlag` members are also integers and can be used wherever an " +":class:`int` is used." +msgstr "" +"所提供的下一种 :class:`Enum` 变体 :class:`IntFlag` 也是基于 :class:`int` 的。 不同之处在于 " +":class:`IntFlag` 成员可以用位运算符 (&, \\|, ^, ~) 进行组合并且如果可能的话其结果仍将是 " +":class:`IntFlag` 成员。 与 :class:`IntEnum` 类似，:class:`IntFlag` 成员也是整数并且可以用于任何使用" +" :class:`int` 的地方。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:733 +msgid "" +"Any operation on an :class:`IntFlag` member besides the bit-wise operations " +"will lose the :class:`IntFlag` membership." +msgstr "除位操作外，其他所有对 :class:`IntFlag` 成员的操作，都会失去 :class:`IntFlag` 成员资格。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:736 +msgid "" +"Bit-wise operations that result in invalid :class:`IntFlag` values will lose" +" the :class:`IntFlag` membership. See :class:`FlagBoundary` for details." +msgstr "" +"导致 :class:`IntFlag` 值无效的位操作将失去 :class:`IntFlag` 成员资格。详见 " +":class:`FlagBoundary`。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:743 +msgid "Sample :class:`IntFlag` class::" +msgstr "示例 :class:`IntFlag` 类::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:745 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import IntFlag\n" +">>> class Perm(IntFlag):\n" +"... R = 4\n" +"... W = 2\n" +"... X = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> Perm.R | Perm.W\n" +"\n" +">>> Perm.R + Perm.W\n" +"6\n" +">>> RW = Perm.R | Perm.W\n" +">>> Perm.R in RW\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import IntFlag\n" +">>> class Perm(IntFlag):\n" +"... R = 4\n" +"... W = 2\n" +"... X = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> Perm.R | Perm.W\n" +"\n" +">>> Perm.R + Perm.W\n" +"6\n" +">>> RW = Perm.R | Perm.W\n" +">>> Perm.R in RW\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:759 +msgid "It is also possible to name the combinations::" +msgstr "对于组合同样可以进行命名::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:761 +msgid "" +">>> class Perm(IntFlag):\n" +"... R = 4\n" +"... W = 2\n" +"... X = 1\n" +"... RWX = 7\n" +"...\n" +">>> Perm.RWX\n" +"\n" +">>> ~Perm.RWX\n" +"\n" +">>> Perm(7)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Perm(IntFlag):\n" +"... R = 4\n" +"... W = 2\n" +"... X = 1\n" +"... RWX = 7\n" +"...\n" +">>> Perm.RWX\n" +"\n" +">>> ~Perm.RWX\n" +"\n" +">>> Perm(7)\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:776 +msgid "" +"Named combinations are considered aliases. Aliases do not show up during " +"iteration, but can be returned from by-value lookups." +msgstr "命名的枚举组合被视作别名。别名在迭代过程中不会显示，但可以通过值查询返回。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:781 +msgid "" +"Another important difference between :class:`IntFlag` and :class:`Enum` is " +"that if no flags are set (the value is 0), its boolean evaluation is " +":data:`False`::" +msgstr "" +":class:`IntFlag` 和 :class:`Enum` 的另一个重要区别在于如果没有设置任何旗标（值为 0），则其布尔值为 " +":data:`False`::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:784 +msgid "" +">>> Perm.R & Perm.X\n" +"\n" +">>> bool(Perm.R & Perm.X)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> Perm.R & Perm.X\n" +"\n" +">>> bool(Perm.R & Perm.X)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:789 +msgid "" +"Because :class:`IntFlag` members are also subclasses of :class:`int` they " +"can be combined with them (but may lose :class:`IntFlag` membership::" +msgstr "" +"因为 :class:`IntFlag` 成员也是 :class:`int` 的子类，他们可以相互组合（但可能会失去 :class:`IntFlag` " +"成员资格::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:792 +msgid "" +">>> Perm.X | 4\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> Perm.X + 8\n" +"9" +msgstr "" +">>> Perm.X | 4\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> Perm.X + 8\n" +"9" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:800 +msgid "" +"The negation operator, ``~``, always returns an :class:`IntFlag` member with" +" a positive value::" +msgstr "否运算符 ``~``，始终会返回一个 :class:`IntFlag` 成员的正值::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:803 +msgid "" +">>> (~Perm.X).value == (Perm.R|Perm.W).value == 6\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> (~Perm.X).value == (Perm.R|Perm.W).value == 6\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:806 +msgid ":class:`IntFlag` members can also be iterated over::" +msgstr ":class:`IntFlag` 成员也可被迭代遍历::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:808 +msgid "" +">>> list(RW)\n" +"[, ]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(RW)\n" +"[, ]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:815 +msgid "Flag" +msgstr "标志" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:817 +msgid "" +"The last variation is :class:`Flag`. Like :class:`IntFlag`, :class:`Flag` " +"members can be combined using the bitwise operators (&, \\|, ^, ~). Unlike " +":class:`IntFlag`, they cannot be combined with, nor compared against, any " +"other :class:`Flag` enumeration, nor :class:`int`. While it is possible to " +"specify the values directly it is recommended to use :class:`auto` as the " +"value and let :class:`Flag` select an appropriate value." +msgstr "" +"最后一个变体是 :class:`Flag`。与 :class:`IntFlag` 类似，:class:`Flag` 成员可用按位运算符 (&, \\|," +" ^, ~) 组合。与 :class:`IntFlag` 不同的是，它们不可与其它 :class:`Flag` 枚举或 :class:`int` " +"进行组合或比较。 虽然可以直接指定值，但推荐使用 :class:`auto` 作为值来让 :class:`Flag` 选择适当的值。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:826 +msgid "" +"Like :class:`IntFlag`, if a combination of :class:`Flag` members results in " +"no flags being set, the boolean evaluation is :data:`False`::" +msgstr "" +"与 :class:`IntFlag` 类似，如果 :class:`Flag` 成员的某种组合导致没有设置任何旗标，则其布尔值为 " +":data:`False`::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:829 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Flag, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.RED & Color.GREEN\n" +"\n" +">>> bool(Color.RED & Color.GREEN)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Flag, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.RED & Color.GREEN\n" +"\n" +">>> bool(Color.RED & Color.GREEN)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:840 +msgid "" +"Individual flags should have values that are powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, " +"...), while combinations of flags will not::" +msgstr "单个旗标的值应当为二的乘方 (1, 2, 4, 8, ...)，而旗标的组合则无此限制::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:843 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... WHITE = RED | BLUE | GREEN\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.WHITE\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... WHITE = RED | BLUE | GREEN\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.WHITE\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:852 +msgid "" +"Giving a name to the \"no flags set\" condition does not change its boolean " +"value::" +msgstr "对 \"no flags set\" 条件指定一个名称并不会改变其布尔值::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:855 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... BLACK = 0\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.BLACK\n" +"\n" +">>> bool(Color.BLACK)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... BLACK = 0\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.BLACK\n" +"\n" +">>> bool(Color.BLACK)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:866 +msgid ":class:`Flag` members can also be iterated over::" +msgstr ":class:`Flag` 成员也可被迭代遍历::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:868 +msgid "" +">>> purple = Color.RED | Color.BLUE\n" +">>> list(purple)\n" +"[, ]" +msgstr "" +">>> purple = Color.RED | Color.BLUE\n" +">>> list(purple)\n" +"[, ]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:876 +msgid "" +"For the majority of new code, :class:`Enum` and :class:`Flag` are strongly " +"recommended, since :class:`IntEnum` and :class:`IntFlag` break some semantic" +" promises of an enumeration (by being comparable to integers, and thus by " +"transitivity to other unrelated enumerations). :class:`IntEnum` and " +":class:`IntFlag` should be used only in cases where :class:`Enum` and " +":class:`Flag` will not do; for example, when integer constants are replaced " +"with enumerations, or for interoperability with other systems." +msgstr "" +"对于大多数新代码，强烈推荐使用 :class:`Enum` 和 :class:`Flag`，因为 :class:`IntEnum` 和 " +":class:`IntFlag` 打破了枚举的某些语义约定（例如可以同整数进行比较，并因而导致此行为被传递给其他无关的枚举）。 " +":class:`IntEnum` 和 :class:`IntFlag` 的使用应当仅限于 :class:`Enum` 和 :class:`Flag` " +"无法使用的场合；例如，当使用枚举替代整数常量时，或是与其他系统进行交互操作时。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:886 +msgid "Others" +msgstr "其他事项" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:888 +msgid "" +"While :class:`IntEnum` is part of the :mod:`enum` module, it would be very " +"simple to implement independently::" +msgstr "虽然 :class:`IntEnum` 是 :mod:`enum` 模块的一部分，但要独立实现也应该相当容易::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:891 +msgid "" +"class IntEnum(int, ReprEnum): # or Enum instead of ReprEnum\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class IntEnum(int, ReprEnum): # 或用 Enum 而不是 ReprEnum\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:894 +msgid "" +"This demonstrates how similar derived enumerations can be defined; for " +"example a :class:`!FloatEnum` that mixes in :class:`float` instead of " +":class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"这里演示了类似的派生枚举可以如何被定义；例如，一个混入了 :class:`float` 而不是 :class:`int` 的 " +":class:`!FloatEnum`。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:897 +msgid "Some rules:" +msgstr "几条规则：" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:899 +msgid "" +"When subclassing :class:`Enum`, mix-in types must appear before the " +":class:`Enum` class itself in the sequence of bases, as in the " +":class:`IntEnum` example above." +msgstr "" +"当子类化 :class:`Enum` 时，混入类型必须出现在基类序列中的 :class:`Enum` 类本身之前，如以上 " +":class:`IntEnum` 的例子所示。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:902 +msgid "" +"Mix-in types must be subclassable. For example, :class:`bool` and " +":class:`range` are not subclassable and will throw an error during Enum " +"creation if used as the mix-in type." +msgstr "" +"混入类型必须是可子类化的。 例如，:class:`bool` 和 :class:`range` " +"是不可子类化的因而如果被用作混入类型就将在枚举创建期间抛出错误。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:905 +msgid "" +"While :class:`Enum` can have members of any type, once you mix in an " +"additional type, all the members must have values of that type, e.g. " +":class:`int` above. This restriction does not apply to mix-ins which only " +"add methods and don't specify another type." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :class:`Enum` 可以拥有任意类型的成员，不过一旦你混合了附加类型，则所有成员必须为相应类型的值，如在上面的例子中即为 " +":class:`int`。 此限制不适用于仅添加方法而未指定另一数据类型的混合类。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:909 +msgid "" +"When another data type is mixed in, the :attr:`~Enum.value` attribute is " +"*not the same* as the enum member itself, although it is equivalent and will" +" compare equal." +msgstr "当混合了另一数据类型时，:attr:`~Enum.value` 属性将 *不同于* 枚举成员本身，不过它们仍会保持等价且比较结果也相等。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:912 +msgid "" +"A ``data type`` is a mixin that defines :meth:`~object.__new__`, or a " +":class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`" +msgstr "" +"``data type`` 是一个定义了 :meth:`~object.__new__` 的混入对象，或者是一个 " +":class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:914 +msgid "" +"%-style formatting: ``%s`` and ``%r`` call the :class:`Enum` class's " +":meth:`~object.__str__` and :meth:`~object.__repr__` respectively; other " +"codes (such as ``%i`` or ``%h`` for IntEnum) treat the enum member as its " +"mixed-in type." +msgstr "" +"% 形式的格式化： ``%s`` 和 ``%r`` 会分别调用 :class:`Enum` 类的 :meth:`~object.__str__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__repr__`；其他代码（如 ``%i`` 或 ``%h`` 用于 IntEnum）会将枚举成员当作对应的混入类型。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:917 +msgid "" +":ref:`Formatted string literals `, :meth:`str.format`, and " +":func:`format` will use the enum's :meth:`~object.__str__` method." +msgstr "" +":ref:`格式化字符串字面值 `, :meth:`str.format` 和 :func:`format` 将使用枚举的 " +":meth:`~object.__str__` 方法。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:922 +msgid "" +"Because :class:`IntEnum`, :class:`IntFlag`, and :class:`StrEnum` are " +"designed to be drop-in replacements for existing constants, their " +":meth:`~object.__str__` method has been reset to their data types' " +":meth:`~object.__str__` method." +msgstr "" +"由于 :class:`IntEnum`, :class:`IntFlag` 和 :class:`StrEnum` 被设计为现有常量的无缝替换，它们的 " +":meth:`~object.__str__` 方法已被重置为其数据类型的 :meth:`~object.__str__` 方法。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:930 +msgid "When to use :meth:`~object.__new__` vs. :meth:`~object.__init__`" +msgstr "何时应使用 :meth:`~object.__new__` 或 :meth:`~object.__init__`" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:932 +msgid "" +":meth:`~object.__new__` must be used whenever you want to customize the " +"actual value of the :class:`Enum` member. Any other modifications may go in" +" either :meth:`~object.__new__` or :meth:`~object.__init__`, with " +":meth:`~object.__init__` being preferred." +msgstr "" +"当你想要定制 :class:`Enum` 成员的实际值时你必须使用 :meth:`~object.__new__`。 任何其他修改则可使用 " +":meth:`~object.__new__` 或 :meth:`~object.__init__`，其中 " +":meth:`~object.__init__` 更为推荐。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:936 +msgid "" +"For example, if you want to pass several items to the constructor, but only " +"want one of them to be the value::" +msgstr "举例来说，如果你要向构造器传入多个条目，但只希望将其中一个作为值::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:939 +msgid "" +">>> class Coordinate(bytes, Enum):\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... Coordinate with binary codes that can be indexed by the int code.\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... def __new__(cls, value, label, unit):\n" +"... obj = bytes.__new__(cls, [value])\n" +"... obj._value_ = value\n" +"... obj.label = label\n" +"... obj.unit = unit\n" +"... return obj\n" +"... PX = (0, 'P.X', 'km')\n" +"... PY = (1, 'P.Y', 'km')\n" +"... VX = (2, 'V.X', 'km/s')\n" +"... VY = (3, 'V.Y', 'km/s')\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +">>> print(Coordinate['PY'])\n" +"Coordinate.PY\n" +"\n" +">>> print(Coordinate(3))\n" +"Coordinate.VY" +msgstr "" +">>> class Coordinate(bytes, Enum):\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... Coordinate with binary codes that can be indexed by the int code.\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... def __new__(cls, value, label, unit):\n" +"... obj = bytes.__new__(cls, [value])\n" +"... obj._value_ = value\n" +"... obj.label = label\n" +"... obj.unit = unit\n" +"... return obj\n" +"... PX = (0, 'P.X', 'km')\n" +"... PY = (1, 'P.Y', 'km')\n" +"... VX = (2, 'V.X', 'km/s')\n" +"... VY = (3, 'V.Y', 'km/s')\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +">>> print(Coordinate['PY'])\n" +"Coordinate.PY\n" +"\n" +">>> print(Coordinate(3))\n" +"Coordinate.VY" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:963 +msgid "" +"*Do not* call ``super().__new__()``, as the lookup-only ``__new__`` is the " +"one that is found; instead, use the data type directly." +msgstr "*不要* 调用 ``super().__new__()``，因为只能找到仅用于查找的 ``__new__``；请改为直接使用该数据类型。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:968 +msgid "Finer Points" +msgstr "细节要点" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:971 +msgid "Supported ``__dunder__`` names" +msgstr "支持的 ``__dunder__`` 名称" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:973 +msgid "" +":attr:`~enum.EnumType.__members__` is a read-only ordered mapping of " +"``member_name``:``member`` items. It is only available on the class." +msgstr "" +":attr:`~enum.EnumType.__members__` 是一个由 ``member_name``:``member`` " +"条目组成的只读有序映射。 它只在类上可用。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:976 +msgid "" +":meth:`~object.__new__`, if specified, must create and return the enum " +"members; it is also a very good idea to set the member's " +":attr:`~Enum._value_` appropriately. Once all the members are created it is" +" no longer used." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 :meth:`~object.__new__`，它必须创建并返回枚举成员；相应地设置成员的 :attr:`~Enum._value_` " +"也是一个很好的主意。 一旦所有成员都创建完成它将不再被使用。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:982 +msgid "Supported ``_sunder_`` names" +msgstr "支持的 ``_sunder_`` 名称" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:984 +msgid ":attr:`~Enum._name_` -- name of the member" +msgstr ":attr:`~Enum._name_` -- 成员的名称" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:985 +msgid "" +":attr:`~Enum._value_` -- value of the member; can be set in ``__new__``" +msgstr ":attr:`~Enum._value_` -- 成员的值；可在 ``__new__`` 中设置" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:986 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Enum._missing_` -- a lookup function used when a value is not found;" +" may be overridden" +msgstr ":meth:`~Enum._missing_` -- 当未找到某个值时所使用的查找函数；可被重写" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:988 +msgid "" +":attr:`~Enum._ignore_` -- a list of names, either as a :class:`list` or a " +":class:`str`, that will not be transformed into members, and will be removed" +" from the final class" +msgstr "" +":attr:`~Enum._ignore_` -- 一个名称列表，可以为 :class:`list` 或 " +":class:`str`，它不会被转化为成员，并将从最终类中移除" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:991 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` -- used to get an appropriate value for " +"an enum member; may be overridden" +msgstr ":meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` -- 用于为枚举成员获取适当的值；可被重写" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:993 +msgid "" +":meth:`~EnumType._add_alias_` -- adds a new name as an alias to an existing " +"member." +msgstr ":meth:`~EnumType._add_alias_` -- 添加一个新名称作为现有成员的别名。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:995 +msgid "" +":meth:`~EnumType._add_value_alias_` -- adds a new value as an alias to an " +"existing member. See `MultiValueEnum`_ for an example." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~EnumType._add_value_alias_` -- 添加一个新值作为现有成员的别名。 参见 `MultiValueEnum`_" +" 中的示例。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"For standard :class:`Enum` classes the next value chosen is the highest " +"value seen incremented by one." +msgstr "对于标准的 :class:`Enum` 类来说下一个被选择的值将是已有的最高值加一。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"For :class:`Flag` classes the next value chosen will be the next highest " +"power-of-two." +msgstr "对于 :class:`Flag` 类来说下一个选择的值将是下一个最高的二的幂数。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"Prior versions would use the last seen value instead of the highest value." +msgstr "在之前版本中将会使用最近的值而不是最高的值。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1009 +msgid "``_missing_``, ``_order_``, ``_generate_next_value_``" +msgstr "``_missing_``, ``_order_``, ``_generate_next_value_``" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1010 +msgid "``_ignore_``" +msgstr "``_ignore_``" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1011 +msgid "``_add_alias_``, ``_add_value_alias_``" +msgstr "``_add_alias_``, ``_add_value_alias_``" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1013 +msgid "" +"To help keep Python 2 / Python 3 code in sync an :attr:`~Enum._order_` " +"attribute can be provided. It will be checked against the actual order of " +"the enumeration and raise an error if the two do not match::" +msgstr "" +"用于帮助 Python 2 / Python 3 代码保持同步以便提供 :attr:`~Enum._order_` 属性。 " +"它将与枚举的实际顺序进行检查并会在两者不匹配时引发错误::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1017 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError: member order does not match _order_:\n" +" ['RED', 'BLUE', 'GREEN']\n" +" ['RED', 'GREEN', 'BLUE']" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError: member order does not match _order_:\n" +" ['RED', 'BLUE', 'GREEN']\n" +" ['RED', 'GREEN', 'BLUE']" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"In Python 2 code the :attr:`~Enum._order_` attribute is necessary as " +"definition order is lost before it can be recorded." +msgstr "在 Python 2 代码中 :attr:`~Enum._order_` 属性是必须的，因为定义顺序在被记录之前就已丢失。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1036 +msgid "_Private__names" +msgstr "_Private__names" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1038 +msgid "" +":ref:`Private names ` are not converted to enum " +"members, but remain normal attributes." +msgstr ":ref:`私有名称 ` 不会被转换为枚举成员，而是保持为普通属性。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1045 +msgid "``Enum`` member type" +msgstr "``Enum`` 成员类型" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"Enum members are instances of their enum class, and are normally accessed as" +" ``EnumClass.member``. In certain situations, such as writing custom enum " +"behavior, being able to access one member directly from another is useful, " +"and is supported; however, in order to avoid name clashes between member " +"names and attributes/methods from mixed-in classes, upper-case names are " +"strongly recommended." +msgstr "" +"枚举成员是其枚举类的实例，并且通常以 ``EnumClass.member`` 的形式来访问。 " +"在特定场景下，如编写自定义枚举行为，可直接从一个成员访问另一个成员的能力是很有用的，并且是受支持的；但是，为了避免成员名与混入类属性/方法之间发生名称冲突，强烈建议使用大写形式的名称。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1058 +msgid "Creating members that are mixed with other data types" +msgstr "创建与其他数据类型混合的成员" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"When subclassing other data types, such as :class:`int` or :class:`str`, " +"with an :class:`Enum`, all values after the ``=`` are passed to that data " +"type's constructor. For example::" +msgstr "" +"当使用 :class:`Enum` 来子类化其他数据类型，如 :class:`int` 或 :class:`str` 时，所有在 ``=`` " +"之后的值都会被传递给该数据类型的构造器。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1064 +msgid "" +">>> class MyEnum(IntEnum): # help(int) -> int(x, base=10) -> integer\n" +"... example = '11', 16 # so x='11' and base=16\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyEnum.example.value # and hex(11) is...\n" +"17" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyEnum(IntEnum): # help(int) -> int(x, base=10) -> integer\n" +"... example = '11', 16 # 这样 x='11' 而 base=16\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyEnum.example.value # 而 hex(11) 为...\n" +"17" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1072 +msgid "Boolean value of ``Enum`` classes and members" +msgstr "``Enum`` 类和成员的布尔值" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"Enum classes that are mixed with non-:class:`Enum` types (such as " +":class:`int`, :class:`str`, etc.) are evaluated according to the mixed-in " +"type's rules; otherwise, all members evaluate as :data:`True`. To make your" +" own enum's boolean evaluation depend on the member's value add the " +"following to your class::" +msgstr "" +"与非 :class:`Enum` 类型（如 :class:`int`、:class:`str` " +"等）混合的枚举类会根据混合类型的规则进行计算；否则，所有成员都计算为 " +":data:`True`。为了使你自己的枚举的布尔值取决于成员的值，请在你的类中添加以下内容::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"def __bool__(self):\n" +" return bool(self.value)" +msgstr "" +"def __bool__(self):\n" +" return bool(self.value)" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1083 +msgid "Plain :class:`Enum` classes always evaluate as :data:`True`." +msgstr "普通的 :class:`Enum` 类总是计算为 :data:`True`。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1087 +msgid "``Enum`` classes with methods" +msgstr "带有方法的 ``Enum`` 类" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"If you give your enum subclass extra methods, like the `Planet`_ class " +"below, those methods will show up in a :func:`dir` of the member, but not of" +" the class::" +msgstr "" +"如果你给你的枚举子类提供了额外的方法，如下面的 `Planet`_ 类那样，这些方法将显示在成员的，而不是类的 :func:`dir` 中::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1093 +msgid "" +">>> dir(Planet)\n" +"['EARTH', 'JUPITER', 'MARS', 'MERCURY', 'NEPTUNE', 'SATURN', 'URANUS', 'VENUS', '__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__']\n" +">>> dir(Planet.EARTH)\n" +"['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'mass', 'name', 'radius', 'surface_gravity', 'value']" +msgstr "" +">>> dir(Planet)\n" +"['EARTH', 'JUPITER', 'MARS', 'MERCURY', 'NEPTUNE', 'SATURN', 'URANUS', 'VENUS', '__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__']\n" +">>> dir(Planet.EARTH)\n" +"['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'mass', 'name', 'radius', 'surface_gravity', 'value']" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1100 +msgid "Combining members of ``Flag``" +msgstr "组合 ``Flag`` 的成员" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"Iterating over a combination of :class:`Flag` members will only return the " +"members that are comprised of a single bit::" +msgstr "遍历 :class:`Flag` 成员的组合将只返回由一个比特组成的成员::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1105 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... MAGENTA = RED | BLUE\n" +"... YELLOW = RED | GREEN\n" +"... CYAN = GREEN | BLUE\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color(3) # named combination\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(7) # not named combination\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... MAGENTA = RED | BLUE\n" +"... YELLOW = RED | GREEN\n" +"... CYAN = GREEN | BLUE\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color(3) # named combination\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(7) # not named combination\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1120 +msgid "``Flag`` and ``IntFlag`` minutia" +msgstr "``Flag`` 和 ``IntFlag`` 的细节" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1122 +msgid "Using the following snippet for our examples::" +msgstr "使用以下代码段作为我们的例子::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1124 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(IntFlag):\n" +"... BLACK = 0\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 4\n" +"... PURPLE = RED | BLUE\n" +"... WHITE = RED | GREEN | BLUE\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(IntFlag):\n" +"... BLACK = 0\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 4\n" +"... PURPLE = RED | BLUE\n" +"... WHITE = RED | GREEN | BLUE\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1133 +msgid "the following are true:" +msgstr "下列情况为True:" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1135 +msgid "single-bit flags are canonical" +msgstr "单比特标志是典型的" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1136 +msgid "multi-bit and zero-bit flags are aliases" +msgstr "多比特和零比特标志是别名" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1137 +msgid "only canonical flags are returned during iteration::" +msgstr "迭代过程中只返回典型的标志::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1139 +msgid "" +">>> list(Color.WHITE)\n" +"[, , ]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(Color.WHITE)\n" +"[, , ]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"negating a flag or flag set returns a new flag/flag set with the " +"corresponding positive integer value::" +msgstr "取负一个标志或标志集会返回一个新的标志/标志集和其对应的正整数值::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1145 +msgid "" +">>> Color.BLUE\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> ~Color.BLUE\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.BLUE\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> ~Color.BLUE\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1151 +msgid "names of pseudo-flags are constructed from their members' names::" +msgstr "伪标志的名称是由其成员的名称构建的::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1153 +msgid "" +">>> (Color.RED | Color.GREEN).name\n" +"'RED|GREEN'\n" +"\n" +">>> class Perm(IntFlag):\n" +"... R = 4\n" +"... W = 2\n" +"... X = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> (Perm.R & Perm.W).name is None # effectively Perm(0)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> (Color.RED | Color.GREEN).name\n" +"'RED|GREEN'\n" +"\n" +">>> class Perm(IntFlag):\n" +"... R = 4\n" +"... W = 2\n" +"... X = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> (Perm.R & Perm.W).name is None # effectively Perm(0)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1164 +msgid "multi-bit flags, aka aliases, can be returned from operations::" +msgstr "多位标志，又称别名，可以从操作中返回::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1166 +msgid "" +">>> Color.RED | Color.BLUE\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(7) # or Color(-1)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(0)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.RED | Color.BLUE\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(7) # or Color(-1)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> Color(0)\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1175 +msgid "" +"membership / containment checking: zero-valued flags are always considered " +"to be contained::" +msgstr "成员 / 包含检测：零值旗标总是会被视为包含::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1178 +msgid "" +">>> Color.BLACK in Color.WHITE\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.BLACK in Color.WHITE\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"otherwise, only if all bits of one flag are in the other flag will True be " +"returned::" +msgstr "在其他情况下，仅当一个旗标的所有比特位都包含于另一个旗标中才会返回 True::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1184 +msgid "" +">>> Color.PURPLE in Color.WHITE\n" +"True\n" +"\n" +">>> Color.GREEN in Color.PURPLE\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.PURPLE in Color.WHITE\n" +"True\n" +"\n" +">>> Color.GREEN in Color.PURPLE\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"There is a new boundary mechanism that controls how out-of-range / invalid " +"bits are handled: ``STRICT``, ``CONFORM``, ``EJECT``, and ``KEEP``:" +msgstr "" +"有一个新的边界机制，控制如何处理超出范围的/无效的比特:``STRICT``，``CONFORM``，``EJECT``，``KEEP``。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1193 +msgid "STRICT --> raises an exception when presented with invalid values" +msgstr "STRICT --> 当出现无效的值时，会触发一个异常。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1194 +msgid "CONFORM --> discards any invalid bits" +msgstr "CONFORM --> 丢弃任何无效的比特" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1195 +msgid "" +"EJECT --> lose Flag status and become a normal int with the given value" +msgstr "EJECT --> 失去Flag的状态，成为一个普通的int，其值为给定值。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1196 +msgid "KEEP --> keep the extra bits" +msgstr "KEEP --> 保留额外的比特" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1198 +msgid "keeps Flag status and extra bits" +msgstr "保留Flag状态和额外的比特" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1199 +msgid "extra bits do not show up in iteration" +msgstr "额外的比特不会在迭代中显示出来" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1200 +msgid "extra bits do show up in repr() and str()" +msgstr "在repr()和str()中确实显示了额外的比特" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"The default for Flag is ``STRICT``, the default for ``IntFlag`` is " +"``EJECT``, and the default for ``_convert_`` is ``KEEP`` (see " +"``ssl.Options`` for an example of when ``KEEP`` is needed)." +msgstr "" +"默认的标志为 " +"``STRICT``，``IntFlag``默认为``EJECT``，``_convert_``默认为``KEEP``（需要``KEEP``的例子见``ssl.Options``）。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1210 +msgid "How are Enums and Flags different?" +msgstr "枚举和旗标有何差异？" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1212 +msgid "" +"Enums have a custom metaclass that affects many aspects of both derived " +":class:`Enum` classes and their instances (members)." +msgstr "Enum有一个自定义的元类，它影响到派生的 :class:`Enum` 类和它们的实例（成员）的许多方面。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1217 +msgid "Enum Classes" +msgstr "枚举类" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"The :class:`EnumType` metaclass is responsible for providing the " +":meth:`~object.__contains__`, :meth:`~object.__dir__`, " +":meth:`~object.__iter__` and other methods that allow one to do things with " +"an :class:`Enum` class that fail on a typical class, such as ``list(Color)``" +" or ``some_enum_var in Color``. :class:`EnumType` is responsible for " +"ensuring that various other methods on the final :class:`Enum` class are " +"correct (such as :meth:`~object.__new__`, :meth:`~object.__getnewargs__`, " +":meth:`~object.__str__` and :meth:`~object.__repr__`)." +msgstr "" +":class:`EnumType` 元类负责提供 :meth:`~object.__contains__`, " +":meth:`~object.__dir__`, :meth:`~object.__iter__` 及其他方法来允许人们在 :class:`Enum` " +"类上做一些在常规类上会失败的事情，比如 ``list(Color)`` 或 ``some_enum_var in Color``。 " +":class:`EnumType` 负责确保最终的 :class:`Enum` 类上的各种其他方法是正确的（比如 " +":meth:`~object.__new__`, :meth:`~object.__getnewargs__`, " +":meth:`~object.__str__` 和 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 等）。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1228 +msgid "Flag Classes" +msgstr "旗标类" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1230 +msgid "" +"Flags have an expanded view of aliasing: to be canonical, the value of a " +"flag needs to be a power-of-two value, and not a duplicate name. So, in " +"addition to the :class:`Enum` definition of alias, a flag with no value " +"(a.k.a. ``0``) or with more than one power-of-two value (e.g. ``3``) is " +"considered an alias." +msgstr "" +"旗标具有扩展的别名视图：为了符合规范，旗标的值必须为二的乘方，且名称不可重复。 因此，除了别名的定义 :class:`Enum` 之外，没有值 (即 " +"``0``) 或是几个二的乘方值之和 (如 ``3``) 的旗标也会被视为别名。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1236 +msgid "Enum Members (aka instances)" +msgstr "枚举成员（即实例）" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1238 +msgid "" +"The most interesting thing about enum members is that they are singletons. " +":class:`EnumType` creates them all while it is creating the enum class " +"itself, and then puts a custom :meth:`~object.__new__` in place to ensure " +"that no new ones are ever instantiated by returning only the existing member" +" instances." +msgstr "" +"有关枚举成员的最有趣的一点在于它们都是单例。 :class:`EnumType` 会在创建枚举类本身时全部创建它们，然后放置一个自定义的 " +":meth:`~object.__new__` 以通过只返回现有的成员实例来确保没有新的成员被实例化。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1244 +msgid "Flag Members" +msgstr "旗标成员" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1246 +msgid "" +"Flag members can be iterated over just like the :class:`Flag` class, and " +"only the canonical members will be returned. For example::" +msgstr "旗标成员可以如 :class:`Flag` 类一样被迭代，并且只有规范的成员会被返回。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1249 +msgid "" +">>> list(Color)\n" +"[, , ]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(Color)\n" +"[, , ]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1252 +msgid "(Note that ``BLACK``, ``PURPLE``, and ``WHITE`` do not show up.)" +msgstr "（请注意 ``BLACK``, ``PURPLE`` 和 ``WHITE`` 将不显示。）" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1254 +msgid "" +"Inverting a flag member returns the corresponding positive value, rather " +"than a negative value --- for example::" +msgstr "对一个旗标成员取反将返回对应的正值，而不是负值 --- 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1257 +msgid "" +">>> ~Color.RED\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> ~Color.RED\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"Flag members have a length corresponding to the number of power-of-two " +"values they contain. For example::" +msgstr "旗标成员具有与它们所包含的二的乘方值的数量相对应的长度。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1263 +msgid "" +">>> len(Color.PURPLE)\n" +"2" +msgstr "" +">>> len(Color.PURPLE)\n" +"2" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1270 +msgid "Enum Cookbook" +msgstr "枚举指导手册" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1273 +msgid "" +"While :class:`Enum`, :class:`IntEnum`, :class:`StrEnum`, :class:`Flag`, and " +":class:`IntFlag` are expected to cover the majority of use-cases, they " +"cannot cover them all. Here are recipes for some different types of " +"enumerations that can be used directly, or as examples for creating one's " +"own." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :class:`Enum`, :class:`IntEnum`, :class:`StrEnum`, :class:`Flag` 和 " +":class:`IntFlag` 有望能涵盖大多数的使用情况，但它们不能涵盖所有情况。 " +"这里有一些不同类型的枚举的方法，可以直接使用，或者作为创建定制枚举的范例。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1280 +msgid "Omitting values" +msgstr "省略值" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1282 +msgid "" +"In many use-cases, one doesn't care what the actual value of an enumeration " +"is. There are several ways to define this type of simple enumeration:" +msgstr "在许多应用场景中，人们并不关心枚举的实际值是什么。 有几种方式可用来定义这种类型的简单枚举:" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1285 +msgid "use instances of :class:`auto` for the value" +msgstr "使用 :class:`auto` 的实例作为值" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1286 +msgid "use instances of :class:`object` as the value" +msgstr "使用 :class:`object` 的实例作为值" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1287 +msgid "use a descriptive string as the value" +msgstr "使用描述性的字符串作为值" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"use a tuple as the value and a custom :meth:`~object.__new__` to replace the" +" tuple with an :class:`int` value" +msgstr "使用一个元组作为值并用自定义的 :meth:`~object.__new__` 以一个 :class:`int` 值来替代该元组" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1291 +msgid "" +"Using any of these methods signifies to the user that these values are not " +"important, and also enables one to add, remove, or reorder members without " +"having to renumber the remaining members." +msgstr "使用以上任何一种方法均可向用户指明值并不重要，并且使人能够添加、移除或重排序成员而不必改变其余成员的数值。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1297 +msgid "Using :class:`auto`" +msgstr "使用 :class:`auto`" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1299 +msgid "Using :class:`auto` would look like::" +msgstr "使用 :class:`auto` 的形式如下::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1301 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1311 +msgid "Using :class:`object`" +msgstr "使用 :class:`object`" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1313 +msgid "Using :class:`object` would look like::" +msgstr "使用 :class:`object` 的形式如下::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1315 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = object()\n" +"... GREEN = object()\n" +"... BLUE = object()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +">" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = object()\n" +"... GREEN = object()\n" +"... BLUE = object()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +">" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"This is also a good example of why you might want to write your own " +":meth:`~object.__repr__`::" +msgstr "这也是一个可以说明为什么你会需要编写自己的 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 的好例子::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1326 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = object()\n" +"... GREEN = object()\n" +"... BLUE = object()\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return \"<%s.%s>\" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = object()\n" +"... GREEN = object()\n" +"... BLUE = object()\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return \"<%s.%s>\" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1339 +msgid "Using a descriptive string" +msgstr "使用描述性字符串" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1341 +msgid "Using a string as the value would look like::" +msgstr "使用字符串作为值的形式如下::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1343 +msgid "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 'stop'\n" +"... GREEN = 'go'\n" +"... BLUE = 'too fast!'\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 'stop'\n" +"... GREEN = 'go'\n" +"... BLUE = 'too fast!'\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1353 +msgid "Using a custom :meth:`~object.__new__`" +msgstr "使用自定义的 :meth:`~object.__new__`" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1355 +msgid "Using an auto-numbering :meth:`~object.__new__` would look like::" +msgstr "使用自动编号的 :meth:`~object.__new__` 看起来会是这样::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1357 +msgid "" +">>> class AutoNumber(Enum):\n" +"... def __new__(cls):\n" +"... value = len(cls.__members__) + 1\n" +"... obj = object.__new__(cls)\n" +"... obj._value_ = value\n" +"... return obj\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Color(AutoNumber):\n" +"... RED = ()\n" +"... GREEN = ()\n" +"... BLUE = ()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class AutoNumber(Enum):\n" +"... def __new__(cls):\n" +"... value = len(cls.__members__) + 1\n" +"... obj = object.__new__(cls)\n" +"... obj._value_ = value\n" +"... return obj\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Color(AutoNumber):\n" +"... RED = ()\n" +"... GREEN = ()\n" +"... BLUE = ()\n" +"...\n" +">>> Color.GREEN\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1372 +msgid "" +"To make a more general purpose ``AutoNumber``, add ``*args`` to the " +"signature::" +msgstr "要实现更通用的 ``AutoNumber``，请添加 ``*args`` 到签名中::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1374 +msgid "" +">>> class AutoNumber(Enum):\n" +"... def __new__(cls, *args): # this is the only change from above\n" +"... value = len(cls.__members__) + 1\n" +"... obj = object.__new__(cls)\n" +"... obj._value_ = value\n" +"... return obj\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class AutoNumber(Enum):\n" +"... def __new__(cls, *args): # 这是相比上面的唯一改变\n" +"... value = len(cls.__members__) + 1\n" +"... obj = object.__new__(cls)\n" +"... obj._value_ = value\n" +"... return obj\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"Then when you inherit from ``AutoNumber`` you can write your own " +"``__init__`` to handle any extra arguments::" +msgstr "这样当你从 ``AutoNumber`` 继承时你将可以编写你自己的 ``__init__`` 来处理任何附加参数::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1385 +msgid "" +">>> class Swatch(AutoNumber):\n" +"... def __init__(self, pantone='unknown'):\n" +"... self.pantone = pantone\n" +"... AUBURN = '3497'\n" +"... SEA_GREEN = '1246'\n" +"... BLEACHED_CORAL = () # New color, no Pantone code yet!\n" +"...\n" +">>> Swatch.SEA_GREEN\n" +"\n" +">>> Swatch.SEA_GREEN.pantone\n" +"'1246'\n" +">>> Swatch.BLEACHED_CORAL.pantone\n" +"'unknown'" +msgstr "" +">>> class Swatch(AutoNumber):\n" +"... def __init__(self, pantone='unknown'):\n" +"... self.pantone = pantone\n" +"... AUBURN = '3497'\n" +"... SEA_GREEN = '1246'\n" +"... BLEACHED_CORAL = () # 新的颜色，还没有 Pantone 代码！\n" +"...\n" +">>> Swatch.SEA_GREEN\n" +"\n" +">>> Swatch.SEA_GREEN.pantone\n" +"'1246'\n" +">>> Swatch.BLEACHED_CORAL.pantone\n" +"'unknown'" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__new__` method, if defined, is used during creation of " +"the Enum members; it is then replaced by Enum's :meth:`~object.__new__` " +"which is used after class creation for lookup of existing members." +msgstr "" +"如果定义了 :meth:`~object.__new__` 方法，它会在创建 Enum 成员期间被使用；随后它将被 Enum 的 " +":meth:`~object.__new__` 所替换，该方法会在类创建后被用来查找现有成员。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1407 +msgid "" +"*Do not* call ``super().__new__()``, as the lookup-only ``__new__`` is the " +"one that is found; instead, use the data type directly -- e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"*不要* 调用 ``super().__new__()``，因为只能找到仅用于查找的 ``__new__``；请改为直接使用该数据类型 -- 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1410 +msgid "obj = int.__new__(cls, value)" +msgstr "obj = int.__new__(cls, value)" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1414 +msgid "OrderedEnum" +msgstr "OrderedEnum" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1416 +msgid "" +"An ordered enumeration that is not based on :class:`IntEnum` and so " +"maintains the normal :class:`Enum` invariants (such as not being comparable " +"to other enumerations)::" +msgstr "" +"一个有序枚举，它不是基于 :class:`IntEnum`，因此保持了正常的 :class:`Enum` 不变特性（例如不可与其他枚举进行比较）::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1420 +msgid "" +">>> class OrderedEnum(Enum):\n" +"... def __ge__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value >= other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"... def __gt__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value > other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"... def __le__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value <= other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"... def __lt__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value < other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Grade(OrderedEnum):\n" +"... A = 5\n" +"... B = 4\n" +"... C = 3\n" +"... D = 2\n" +"... F = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> Grade.C < Grade.A\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> class OrderedEnum(Enum):\n" +"... def __ge__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value >= other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"... def __gt__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value > other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"... def __le__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value <= other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"... def __lt__(self, other):\n" +"... if self.__class__ is other.__class__:\n" +"... return self.value < other.value\n" +"... return NotImplemented\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Grade(OrderedEnum):\n" +"... A = 5\n" +"... B = 4\n" +"... C = 3\n" +"... D = 2\n" +"... F = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> Grade.C < Grade.A\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1450 +msgid "DuplicateFreeEnum" +msgstr "DuplicateFreeEnum" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1452 +msgid "" +"Raises an error if a duplicate member value is found instead of creating an " +"alias::" +msgstr "如果发现重复的成员名称则会引发一个错误而不是创建一个别名::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1455 +msgid "" +">>> class DuplicateFreeEnum(Enum):\n" +"... def __init__(self, *args):\n" +"... cls = self.__class__\n" +"... if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls):\n" +"... a = self.name\n" +"... e = cls(self.value).name\n" +"... raise ValueError(\n" +"... \"aliases not allowed in DuplicateFreeEnum: %r --> %r\"\n" +"... % (a, e))\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Color(DuplicateFreeEnum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"... GRENE = 2\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: aliases not allowed in DuplicateFreeEnum: 'GRENE' --> 'GREEN'" +msgstr "" +">>> class DuplicateFreeEnum(Enum):\n" +"... def __init__(self, *args):\n" +"... cls = self.__class__\n" +"... if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls):\n" +"... a = self.name\n" +"... e = cls(self.value).name\n" +"... raise ValueError(\n" +"... \"aliases not allowed in DuplicateFreeEnum: %r --> %r\"\n" +"... % (a, e))\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Color(DuplicateFreeEnum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"... GRENE = 2\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: aliases not allowed in DuplicateFreeEnum: 'GRENE' --> 'GREEN'" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"This is a useful example for subclassing Enum to add or change other " +"behaviors as well as disallowing aliases. If the only desired change is " +"disallowing aliases, the :func:`unique` decorator can be used instead." +msgstr "" +"这个例子适用于子类化 Enum 来添加或改变禁用别名以及其他行为。 如果需要的改变只是禁用别名，也可以选择使用 :func:`unique` 装饰器。" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1483 +msgid "MultiValueEnum" +msgstr "MultiValueEnum" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1485 +msgid "Supports having more than one value per member::" +msgstr "支持每个成员有多个值::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1487 +msgid "" +">>> class MultiValueEnum(Enum):\n" +"... def __new__(cls, value, *values):\n" +"... self = object.__new__(cls)\n" +"... self._value_ = value\n" +"... for v in values:\n" +"... self._add_value_alias_(v)\n" +"... return self\n" +"...\n" +">>> class DType(MultiValueEnum):\n" +"... float32 = 'f', 8\n" +"... double64 = 'd', 9\n" +"...\n" +">>> DType('f')\n" +"\n" +">>> DType(9)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class MultiValueEnum(Enum):\n" +"... def __new__(cls, value, *values):\n" +"... self = object.__new__(cls)\n" +"... self._value_ = value\n" +"... for v in values:\n" +"... self._add_value_alias_(v)\n" +"... return self\n" +"...\n" +">>> class DType(MultiValueEnum):\n" +"... float32 = 'f', 8\n" +"... double64 = 'd', 9\n" +"...\n" +">>> DType('f')\n" +"\n" +">>> DType(9)\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1506 +msgid "Planet" +msgstr "Planet" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1508 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`~object.__new__` or :meth:`~object.__init__` is defined, the value" +" of the enum member will be passed to those methods::" +msgstr "" +"如果定义了 :meth:`~object.__new__` 或 :meth:`~object.__init__`，则枚举成员的值将被传给这些方法::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1511 +msgid "" +">>> class Planet(Enum):\n" +"... MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)\n" +"... VENUS = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)\n" +"... EARTH = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)\n" +"... MARS = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)\n" +"... JUPITER = (1.9e+27, 7.1492e7)\n" +"... SATURN = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)\n" +"... URANUS = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)\n" +"... NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)\n" +"... def __init__(self, mass, radius):\n" +"... self.mass = mass # in kilograms\n" +"... self.radius = radius # in meters\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def surface_gravity(self):\n" +"... # universal gravitational constant (m3 kg-1 s-2)\n" +"... G = 6.67300E-11\n" +"... return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)\n" +"...\n" +">>> Planet.EARTH.value\n" +"(5.976e+24, 6378140.0)\n" +">>> Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity\n" +"9.802652743337129" +msgstr "" +">>> class Planet(Enum):\n" +"... MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)\n" +"... VENUS = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)\n" +"... EARTH = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)\n" +"... MARS = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)\n" +"... JUPITER = (1.9e+27, 7.1492e7)\n" +"... SATURN = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)\n" +"... URANUS = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)\n" +"... NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)\n" +"... def __init__(self, mass, radius):\n" +"... self.mass = mass # in kilograms\n" +"... self.radius = radius # in meters\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def surface_gravity(self):\n" +"... # universal gravitational constant (m3 kg-1 s-2)\n" +"... G = 6.67300E-11\n" +"... return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)\n" +"...\n" +">>> Planet.EARTH.value\n" +"(5.976e+24, 6378140.0)\n" +">>> Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity\n" +"9.802652743337129" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1537 +msgid "TimePeriod" +msgstr "TimePeriod" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1539 +msgid "An example to show the :attr:`~Enum._ignore_` attribute in use::" +msgstr "一个演示如何使用 :attr:`~Enum._ignore_` 属性的例子::" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1541 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> class Period(timedelta, Enum):\n" +"... \"different lengths of time\"\n" +"... _ignore_ = 'Period i'\n" +"... Period = vars()\n" +"... for i in range(367):\n" +"... Period['day_%d' % i] = i\n" +"...\n" +">>> list(Period)[:2]\n" +"[, ]\n" +">>> list(Period)[-2:]\n" +"[, ]" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> class Period(timedelta, Enum):\n" +"... \"different lengths of time\"\n" +"... _ignore_ = 'Period i'\n" +"... Period = vars()\n" +"... for i in range(367):\n" +"... Period['day_%d' % i] = i\n" +"...\n" +">>> list(Period)[:2]\n" +"[, ]\n" +">>> list(Period)[-2:]\n" +"[, ]" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1558 +msgid "Subclassing EnumType" +msgstr "子类化 EnumType" + +#: ../../howto/enum.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"While most enum needs can be met by customizing :class:`Enum` subclasses, " +"either with class decorators or custom functions, :class:`EnumType` can be " +"subclassed to provide a different Enum experience." +msgstr "" +"虽然大多数枚举需求可以通过自定义 :class:`Enum` 子类来满足，无论是用类装饰器还是自定义函数，:class:`EnumType` " +"可以被子类化以提供不同的枚举体验。" diff --git a/howto/free-threading-extensions.po b/howto/free-threading-extensions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f04ee87ac --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/free-threading-extensions.po @@ -0,0 +1,550 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2024 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-06-20 06:42+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:7 +msgid "C API Extension Support for Free Threading" +msgstr "自由线程的 C API 扩展支持" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Starting with the 3.13 release, CPython has experimental support for running" +" with the :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) disabled in a configuration " +"called :term:`free threading`. This document describes how to adapt C API " +"extensions to support free threading." +msgstr "" +"从 3.13 发布起，CPython 通过 :term:`free threading` 配置项引入了禁用 :term:`global " +"interpreter lock` (GIL) 的实验性支持。这份文档阐述了如何修改 C API 扩展以支持自由线程。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:16 +msgid "Identifying the Free-Threaded Build in C" +msgstr "在 C 中识别自由线程构建" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The CPython C API exposes the ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` macro: in the free-" +"threaded build it's defined to ``1``, and in the regular build it's not " +"defined. You can use it to enable code that only runs under the free-" +"threaded build::" +msgstr "" +"CPython C API 提供了 ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` 宏，它在自由线程构建中被定义为 " +"``1``，而在常规构建中未被定义。你可以使用它让代码仅在自由线程构建中运行：" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:22 +msgid "" +"#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED\n" +"/* code that only runs in the free-threaded build */\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED\n" +"/* 仅在自由线程构建版中运行的代码 */\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:27 +msgid "Module Initialization" +msgstr "模块初始化" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Extension modules need to explicitly indicate that they support running with" +" the GIL disabled; otherwise importing the extension will raise a warning " +"and enable the GIL at runtime." +msgstr "扩展模块需要明确指明它们支持在禁用 GIL 的情况下运行；否则导入扩展模块时会引发警告，并在运行时启用 GIL。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:33 +msgid "" +"There are two ways to indicate that an extension module supports running " +"with the GIL disabled depending on whether the extension uses multi-phase or" +" single-phase initialization." +msgstr "取决于扩展使用多阶段还是单阶段初始化，有两种方式指明扩展模块支持在 GIL 禁用的情况下运行。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:38 +msgid "Multi-Phase Initialization" +msgstr "多阶段初始化" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Extensions that use multi-phase initialization (i.e., " +":c:func:`PyModuleDef_Init`) should add a :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` slot in the " +"module definition. If your extension supports older versions of CPython, " +"you should guard the slot with a :c:data:`PY_VERSION_HEX` check." +msgstr "" +"使用多阶段初始化（例如 :c:func:`PyModuleDef_Init`）的扩展应该在模块定义中添加 :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` " +"槽位。如果你的扩展需要支持更老版本的 CPython，请检查 :c:data:`PY_VERSION_HEX` 以保护槽位。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:47 +msgid "" +"static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {\n" +" ...\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000\n" +" {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},\n" +"#endif\n" +" {0, NULL}\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_slots = module_slots,\n" +" ...\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {\n" +" ...\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000\n" +" {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},\n" +"#endif\n" +" {0, NULL}\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" .m_slots = module_slots,\n" +" ...\n" +"};" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:63 +msgid "Single-Phase Initialization" +msgstr "单阶段初始化" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Extensions that use single-phase initialization (i.e., " +":c:func:`PyModule_Create`) should call :c:func:`PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL` to" +" indicate that they support running with the GIL disabled. The function is " +"only defined in the free-threaded build, so you should guard the call with " +"``#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED`` to avoid compilation errors in the regular build." +msgstr "" +"使用单阶段初始化（即 :c:func:`PyModule_Create`）的扩展应该调用 " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL` 来表明它们支持在禁用 GIL " +"的情况下运行。该函数只在自由线程构建中被定义，因此应使用 ``#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED`` " +"来保护调用，以避免在常规构建中出现编译错误。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:73 +msgid "" +"static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" ...\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_mymodule(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);\n" +" if (m == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED\n" +" PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);\n" +"#endif\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {\n" +" PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,\n" +" ...\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"PyMODINIT_FUNC\n" +"PyInit_mymodule(void)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject *m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);\n" +" if (m == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +"#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED\n" +" PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);\n" +"#endif\n" +" return m;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:93 +msgid "General API Guidelines" +msgstr "通用 API 指南" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:95 +msgid "Most of the C API is thread-safe, but there are some exceptions." +msgstr "大多数 C API 是线程安全的，但是也存在例外。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:97 +msgid "" +"**Struct Fields**: Accessing fields in Python C API objects or structs " +"directly is not thread-safe if the field may be concurrently modified." +msgstr "**结构字段**：如果 Python C API 对象或结构的字段可能被并行修改，那么直接访问这些字段不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:99 +msgid "" +"**Macros**: Accessor macros like :c:macro:`PyList_GET_ITEM` and " +":c:macro:`PyList_SET_ITEM` do not perform any error checking or locking. " +"These macros are not thread-safe if the container object may be modified " +"concurrently." +msgstr "" +"**宏**：:c:macro:`PyList_GET_ITEM` 以及 :c:macro:`PyList_SET_ITEM` " +"等访问宏不进行错误检查和上锁，因而容器对象可能被并行修改时它们不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:103 +msgid "" +"**Borrowed References**: C API functions that return :term:`borrowed " +"references ` may not be thread-safe if the containing " +"object is modified concurrently. See the section on :ref:`borrowed " +"references ` for more information." +msgstr "" +"**借入引用**：返回 :term:`借入引用 ` 的 C API " +"函数如果引用内容可能被并行修改，那么它不是线程安全的。详见 :ref:`借入引用 `。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:110 +msgid "Container Thread Safety" +msgstr "容器相关的线程安全" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Containers like :c:struct:`PyListObject`, :c:struct:`PyDictObject`, and " +":c:struct:`PySetObject` perform internal locking in the free-threaded build." +" For example, the :c:func:`PyList_Append` will lock the list before " +"appending an item." +msgstr "" +":c:struct:`PyListObject`, :c:struct:`PyDictObject` 及 :c:struct:`PySetObject`" +" 等容器在自由线程构建中执行内部上锁机制，例如 :c:func:`PyList_Append` 在追加对象前会对列表上锁。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:120 +msgid "``PyDict_Next``" +msgstr "``PyDict_Next``" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:122 +msgid "" +"A notable exception is :c:func:`PyDict_Next`, which does not lock the " +"dictionary. You should use :c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION` to protect " +"the dictionary while iterating over it if the dictionary may be concurrently" +" modified::" +msgstr "" +"一个值得注意的例外是 :c:func:`PyDict_Next`，它不会锁定目录。 在迭代目录时如果该目录可能被并发地修改那么你应当使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION` 来保护它::" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(dict);\n" +"PyObject *key, *value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t pos = 0;\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" ...\n" +"}\n" +"Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();" +msgstr "" +"Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(dict);\n" +"PyObject *key, *value;\n" +"Py_ssize_t pos = 0;\n" +"while (PyDict_Next(dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {\n" +" ...\n" +"}\n" +"Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:137 +msgid "Borrowed References" +msgstr "借入引用" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Some C API functions return :term:`borrowed references `. These APIs are not thread-safe if the containing object is " +"modified concurrently. For example, it's not safe to use " +":c:func:`PyList_GetItem` if the list may be modified concurrently." +msgstr "" +"有些 C API 函数返回 :term:`borrowed references `。如果引用内容可能被并行修改，那么这些 API 不是线程安全的。例如，如果列表可能被并行修改，那么使用 " +":c:func:`PyList_GetItem` 是不安全的。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:146 +msgid "" +"The following table lists some borrowed reference APIs and their " +"replacements that return :term:`strong references `." +msgstr "下表列出了一些返回借入引用的 API 及它们返回 :term:`强引用 ` 的替代版本。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:150 +msgid "Borrowed reference API" +msgstr "借入引用 API" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:150 +msgid "Strong reference API" +msgstr "强引用 API" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:152 +msgid ":c:func:`PyList_GetItem`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyList_GetItem`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:152 +msgid ":c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:154 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:154 +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:156 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:156 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:158 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:158 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:160 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:160 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:162 +msgid ":c:func:`PyDict_Next`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyDict_Next`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:162 +msgid "none (see :ref:`PyDict_Next`)" +msgstr "无 (参见 :ref:`PyDict_Next`)" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:164 +msgid ":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:164 +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:166 +msgid ":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:166 +msgid ":c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:168 +msgid ":c:func:`PyImport_AddModule`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyImport_AddModule`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:168 +msgid ":c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Not all APIs that return borrowed references are problematic. For example, " +":c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` is safe because tuples are immutable. Similarly, " +"not all uses of the above APIs are problematic. For example, " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` is often used for parsing keyword argument " +"dictionaries in function calls; those keyword argument dictionaries are " +"effectively private (not accessible by other threads), so using borrowed " +"references in that context is safe." +msgstr "" +"返回借用引用的 API 不一定都有问题。例如，:c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` 是安全的，因为元组是不可变的。同样，上述 API " +"的使用不一定都有问题。 例如，:c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` " +"通常用于解析函数调用中的关键字参数字典；这些关键字参数字典实际上是私有（其他线程无法访问）的，因此在这种情况下使用借入引用是安全的。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Some of these functions were added in Python 3.13. You can use the " +"`pythoncapi-compat `_ package " +"to provide implementations of these functions for older Python versions." +msgstr "" +"上述函数中有的是在 Python 3.13 中添加的。在旧 Python 版本上您可以使用提供这些函数实现的 `pythoncapi-compat " +"`_ 包。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:187 +msgid "Memory Allocation APIs" +msgstr "内存分配 API" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Python's memory management C API provides functions in three different " +":ref:`allocation domains `: \"raw\", \"mem\", and " +"\"object\". For thread-safety, the free-threaded build requires that only " +"Python objects are allocated using the object domain, and that all Python " +"object are allocated using that domain. This differs from the prior Python " +"versions, where this was only a best practice and not a hard requirement." +msgstr "" +"Python 的内存管理 C API 提供了三个不同 :ref:`分配域 ` 的函数: \"raw\", " +"\"mem\" 和 \"object\"。 为了保证线程安全，自由线程构建版要求只有 Python 对象使用 object 域来分配，并且所有 " +"Python 对象都应使用该域来分配。 这不同于之前的 Python 版本，因为在此之前这只是一个最佳实践而不是硬性要求。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Search for uses of :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` in your extension and check " +"that the allocated memory is used for Python objects. Use " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` to allocate buffers instead of " +":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`." +msgstr "" +"搜索 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` 在您的扩展中的使用，并检查分配的内存是否用于 Python 对象。使用 " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 来分配缓冲区，而不是 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:205 +msgid "Thread State and GIL APIs" +msgstr "线程状态与 GIL API" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Python provides a set of functions and macros to manage thread state and the" +" GIL, such as:" +msgstr "Python 提供了一系列函数和宏来管理线程状态和 GIL，例如：" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:210 +msgid ":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 与 :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:211 +msgid ":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` 与 :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:212 +msgid ":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` and :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` 与 :c:macro:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:214 +msgid "" +"These functions should still be used in the free-threaded build to manage " +"thread state even when the :term:`GIL` is disabled. For example, if you " +"create a thread outside of Python, you must call :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`" +" before calling into the Python API to ensure that the thread has a valid " +"Python thread state." +msgstr "" +"即使 :term:`GIL` 被禁用，仍应在自由线程构建中使用这些函数管理线程状态。例如，如果在 Python 之外创建线程，则必须在调用 Python" +" API 前调用 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`，以确保线程具有有效的 Python 线程状态。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:220 +msgid "" +"You should continue to call :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` or " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS` around blocking operations, such as I/O or" +" lock acquisitions, to allow other threads to run the :term:`cyclic garbage " +"collector `." +msgstr "" +"你应该继续在阻塞操作（如输入/输出或获取锁）前调用 :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` 或 " +":c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS`，以允许其他线程运行 :term:`循环垃圾回收器 `。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:227 +msgid "Protecting Internal Extension State" +msgstr "保护内部扩展状态" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Your extension may have internal state that was previously protected by the " +"GIL. You may need to add locking to protect this state. The approach will " +"depend on your extension, but some common patterns include:" +msgstr "您的扩展可能有以前受 GIL 保护的内部状态。您可能需要上锁来保护内部状态。具体方法取决于您的扩展，但一些常见的模式包括：" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:233 +msgid "" +"**Caches**: global caches are a common source of shared state. Consider " +"using a lock to protect the cache or disabling it in the free-threaded build" +" if the cache is not critical for performance." +msgstr "**缓存**：全局缓存是共享状态的常见来源。如果缓存对性能并不重要，可考虑使用锁来保护缓存，或在自由线程构建中禁用缓存。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:236 +msgid "" +"**Global State**: global state may need to be protected by a lock or moved " +"to thread local storage. C11 and C++11 provide the ``thread_local`` or " +"``_Thread_local`` for `thread-local storage " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"**全局状态**：全局状态可能需要用锁保护或移至线程本地存储。C11 和 C++11 提供了 ``thread_local`` 或 " +"``_Thread_local`` 用于 `线程本地存储 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:243 +msgid "Building Extensions for the Free-Threaded Build" +msgstr "为自由线程构建进行扩展构建" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:245 +msgid "" +"C API extensions need to be built specifically for the free-threaded build. " +"The wheels, shared libraries, and binaries are indicated by a ``t`` suffix." +msgstr "C API 扩展需要专门为自由线程构建进行构建。构建的 wheel、共享库和二进制文件用后缀 ``t`` 指示。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:248 +msgid "" +"`pypa/manylinux `_ supports the free-" +"threaded build, with the ``t`` suffix, such as ``python3.13t``." +msgstr "" +"`pypa/manylinux `_ 支持后缀为 ``t`` 的自由线程构建，如 " +"``python3.13t``。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:250 +msgid "" +"`pypa/cibuildwheel `_ supports the " +"free-threaded build if you set `CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 `CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT " +"`_，则 " +"`pypa/cibuildwheel `_ 支持自由线程构建。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:255 +msgid "Limited C API and Stable ABI" +msgstr "受限的 C API 与稳定 ABI" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The free-threaded build does not currently support the :ref:`Limited C API " +"` or the stable ABI. If you use `setuptools " +"`_ to build your " +"extension and currently set ``py_limited_api=True`` you can use " +"``py_limited_api=not sysconfig.get_config_var(\"Py_GIL_DISABLED\")`` to opt " +"out of the limited API when building with the free-threaded build." +msgstr "" +"自由线程构建目前不支持 :ref:`受限 C API ` 或稳定 ABI。 如果当前您使用 `setuptools " +"`_ 来构建您的扩展，并且设置了 " +"``py_limited_api=True``，您可以使用 ``py_limited_api=not " +"sysconfig.get_config_var(\"Py_GIL_DISABLED\")`` 在使用自由线程构建进行构建时不使用受限 API。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:265 +msgid "" +"You will need to build separate wheels specifically for the free-threaded " +"build. If you currently use the stable ABI, you can continue to build a " +"single wheel for multiple non-free-threaded Python versions." +msgstr "" +"您需要为自由线程构建单独构建 wheel。如果您当前使用稳定 ABI，则可以继续构建适用于多个非自由线程 Python 版本的单个 wheel。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:271 +msgid "Windows" +msgstr "Windows" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Due to a limitation of the official Windows installer, you will need to " +"manually define ``Py_GIL_DISABLED=1`` when building extensions from source." +msgstr "由于 Windows 官方安装程序的限制，从源代码构建扩展时需要手动定义 ``Py_GIL_DISABLED=1``。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-extensions.rst:278 +msgid "" +"`Porting Extension Modules to Support Free-Threading `_: A community-maintained porting guide for " +"extension authors." +msgstr "" +"`Porting Extension Modules to Support Free-Threading `_: 一份由社区维护的针对扩展开发者的移植指南。" diff --git a/howto/free-threading-python.po b/howto/free-threading-python.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..053cf4a09 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/free-threading-python.po @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Jiuh.star , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-07 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-10-04 14:19+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:5 +msgid "Python experimental support for free threading" +msgstr "Python 对自由线程的实验性支持" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Starting with the 3.13 release, CPython has experimental support for a build" +" of Python called :term:`free threading` where the :term:`global interpreter" +" lock` (GIL) is disabled. Free-threaded execution allows for full " +"utilization of the available processing power by running threads in parallel" +" on available CPU cores. While not all software will benefit from this " +"automatically, programs designed with threading in mind will run faster on " +"multi-core hardware." +msgstr "" +"从 3.13 版开始，CPython 实验性地支持 :term:`free threading` (自由线程) 的 Python 构建，其禁用 " +":term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL)。自由线程化的执行允许在可用的 CPU " +"上并行运行线程，充分利用可用的处理能力。尽管并非所有软件都能自动地从中受益，但是考虑到线程设计的程序在多核硬件上运行速度会更快。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:14 +msgid "" +"**The free-threaded mode is experimental** and work is ongoing to improve " +"it: expect some bugs and a substantial single-threaded performance hit." +msgstr "**自由线程模式是实验性的**，改进工作正在进行中：预计会出现一些错误，单线程性能也会受到很大影响。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:17 +msgid "" +"This document describes the implications of free threading for Python code." +" See :ref:`freethreading-extensions-howto` for information on how to write " +"C extensions that support the free-threaded build." +msgstr "" +"本文档描述了自由线程对 Python 代码的影响。 请参阅 :ref:`freethreading-extensions-howto` " +"了解如何编写支持自由线程构建的 C 扩展。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:23 +msgid "" +":pep:`703` – Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython for an " +"overall description of free-threaded Python." +msgstr ":pep:`703` —— 查阅《在 CPython 中使全局解释器锁成为可选项》以了解对自由线程 Python 的整体描述。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:28 +msgid "Installation" +msgstr "安装" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.13, the official macOS and Windows installers " +"optionally support installing free-threaded Python binaries. The installers" +" are available at https://www.python.org/downloads/." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.13 开始，官方 macOS 和 Windows 安装器提供了对可选安装自由线程 Python 二进制文件的支持。 安装器可在 " +"https://www.python.org/downloads/ 获取。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:34 +msgid "" +"For information on other platforms, see the `Installing a Free-Threaded " +"Python `_, a " +"community-maintained installation guide for installing free-threaded Python." +msgstr "" +"有关其他平台的描述，请参阅 `安装自由线程 Python `_，这是一份由社区维护的，用于安装自由线程 Python 的安装指南。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:38 +msgid "" +"When building CPython from source, the :option:`--disable-gil` configure " +"option should be used to build a free-threaded Python interpreter." +msgstr "当从源码构建 CPython 时，应使用 :option:`--disable-gil` 配置选项以构建自由线程 Python 解释器" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:43 +msgid "Identifying free-threaded Python" +msgstr "识别自由线程 Python" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:45 +msgid "" +"To check if the current interpreter supports free-threading, :option:`python" +" -VV <-V>` and :data:`sys.version` contain \"experimental free-threading " +"build\". The new :func:`sys._is_gil_enabled` function can be used to check " +"whether the GIL is actually disabled in the running process." +msgstr "" +"要判断当前解释器是否支持自由线程，可检查 :option:`python -VV <-V>` 和 :data:`sys.version` 是否包含 " +"\"experimental free-threading build\"。 新的 :func:`sys._is_gil_enabled` " +"函数可用于检查在运行进程中 GIL 是否确实被关闭。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:50 +msgid "" +"The ``sysconfig.get_config_var(\"Py_GIL_DISABLED\")`` configuration variable" +" can be used to determine whether the build supports free threading. If the" +" variable is set to ``1``, then the build supports free threading. This is " +"the recommended mechanism for decisions related to the build configuration." +msgstr "" +"``sysconfig.get_config_var(\"Py_GIL_DISABLED\")`` 配置变量可用于确定构建是否支持自由线程 。 " +"如果该变量设置为``1`` ，则构建支持自由线程。这是与构建配置相关的决策的推荐机制。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:57 +msgid "The global interpreter lock in free-threaded Python" +msgstr "自由线程版 Python 中的全局解释器锁" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Free-threaded builds of CPython support optionally running with the GIL " +"enabled at runtime using the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` or " +"the command-line option :option:`-X gil`." +msgstr "" +"CPython 的自由线程构建版支持在运行时使用环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` 或命令行选项 :option:`-X gil` " +"选择性地启用 GIL。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The GIL may also automatically be enabled when importing a C-API extension " +"module that is not explicitly marked as supporting free threading. A " +"warning will be printed in this case." +msgstr "GIL 也可能在导入未显式标记为支持自由线程模式的 C-API 扩展模块时被自动启用。 在这种情况下将会打印一条警告。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:67 +msgid "" +"In addition to individual package documentation, the following websites " +"track the status of popular packages support for free threading:" +msgstr "在单独软件包的文档以外，还有下列网站在追踪热门软件包对自由线程模式的支持状态：" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:70 +msgid "https://py-free-threading.github.io/tracking/" +msgstr "https://py-free-threading.github.io/tracking/" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:71 +msgid "https://hugovk.github.io/free-threaded-wheels/" +msgstr "https://hugovk.github.io/free-threaded-wheels/" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:75 +msgid "Thread safety" +msgstr "线程安全" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The free-threaded build of CPython aims to provide similar thread-safety " +"behavior at the Python level to the default GIL-enabled build. Built-in " +"types like :class:`dict`, :class:`list`, and :class:`set` use internal locks" +" to protect against concurrent modifications in ways that behave similarly " +"to the GIL. However, Python has not historically guaranteed specific " +"behavior for concurrent modifications to these built-in types, so this " +"should be treated as a description of the current implementation, not a " +"guarantee of current or future behavior." +msgstr "" +"自由线程构建的 CPython 旨在 Python 层级提供与默认全局解释器锁启用构建相似的线程安全行为。内置类型（如 :class:`dict` 、 " +":class:`list` 和 :class:`set` 等）使用内部上锁来防止并发修改，其行为方式与全局解释器锁相似。 但是，Python " +"历来不对这些内置类型的并发修改提供特定的行为提供保证，因此这应被视为对当前实现的描述，而不是对当前或未来行为的保证。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:88 +msgid "" +"It's recommended to use the :class:`threading.Lock` or other synchronization" +" primitives instead of relying on the internal locks of built-in types, when" +" possible." +msgstr "建议尽可能使用 :class:`threading.Lock` 或其他同步的原语，而不是依赖内置类型的内部上锁 。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:94 +msgid "Known limitations" +msgstr "已知的限制" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:96 +msgid "" +"This section describes known limitations of the free-threaded CPython build." +msgstr "本节介绍自由线程 CPython 构建的已知限制。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:99 +msgid "Immortalization" +msgstr "永生化" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The free-threaded build of the 3.13 release makes some objects " +":term:`immortal`. Immortal objects are not deallocated and have reference " +"counts that are never modified. This is done to avoid reference count " +"contention that would prevent efficient multi-threaded scaling." +msgstr "" +"3.13 版本的自由线程构建使某些对象 :term:`immortal`。 永生对象不会被重新分配，其引用计数永远不会被修改。 " +"这样做是为了避免引用计数发生争夺，以免妨碍高效的多线程扩展。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:106 +msgid "" +"An object will be made immortal when a new thread is started for the first " +"time after the main thread is running. The following objects are " +"immortalized:" +msgstr "当主线程运行后首次启动新的线程时，对象将被永生化。 以下对象将被永生化：" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:109 +msgid "" +":ref:`function ` objects declared at the module level" +msgstr "在模块中声明的 :ref:`函数 ` 对象" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:110 +msgid ":ref:`method ` descriptors" +msgstr ":ref:`方法 ` 描述器" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:111 +msgid ":ref:`code ` objects" +msgstr ":ref:`代码对象 `" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:112 +msgid ":term:`module` objects and their dictionaries" +msgstr ":term:`module` 对象及其字典" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:113 +msgid ":ref:`classes ` (type objects)" +msgstr ":ref:`类 ` (类型对象)" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Because immortal objects are never deallocated, applications that create " +"many objects of these types may see increased memory usage. This is " +"expected to be addressed in the 3.14 release." +msgstr "由于永生对象永远不会被重新分配，因此应用如果创建了许多此类对象，可能会增加内存使用。预计 3.14 版将解决这个问题。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Additionally, numeric and string literals in the code as well as strings " +"returned by :func:`sys.intern` are also immortalized. This behavior is " +"expected to remain in the 3.14 free-threaded build." +msgstr "" +"此外，代码中的数字和字符串字面值以及 :func:`sys.intern` 返回的字符串也将永久化。 预计在 3.14 自由线程构建中将保留这一行为 。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:125 +msgid "Frame objects" +msgstr "帧对象" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:127 +msgid "" +"It is not safe to access :ref:`frame ` objects from other " +"threads and doing so may cause your program to crash . This means that " +":func:`sys._current_frames` is generally not safe to use in a free-threaded " +"build. Functions like :func:`inspect.currentframe` and " +":func:`sys._getframe` are generally safe as long as the resulting frame " +"object is not passed to another thread." +msgstr "" +"从其他线程访问 :ref:`帧 ` 对象是不安全的，这样做可能会导致程序崩溃。 这意味着，在自由线程构建中使用 " +":func:`sys._current_frames` 一般是不安全的。 函数（如 :func:`inspect.currentframe` 和 " +":func:`sys._getframe` 等）只要不将生成的帧对象传递给另一个线程，一般都是安全的。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:135 +msgid "Iterators" +msgstr "迭代器" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Sharing the same iterator object between multiple threads is generally not " +"safe and threads may see duplicate or missing elements when iterating or " +"crash the interpreter." +msgstr "在多个线程之间共享同一个迭代器对象通常是不安全的，线程在迭代时可能会出现元素重复或缺失的情况，或使解释器崩溃。" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:143 +msgid "Single-threaded performance" +msgstr "单线程性能" + +#: ../../howto/free-threading-python.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The free-threaded build has additional overhead when executing Python code " +"compared to the default GIL-enabled build. In 3.13, this overhead is about " +"40% on the `pyperformance `_ suite. " +"Programs that spend most of their time in C extensions or I/O will see less " +"of an impact. The largest impact is because the specializing adaptive " +"interpreter (:pep:`659`) is disabled in the free-threaded build. We expect " +"to re-enable it in a thread-safe way in the 3.14 release. This overhead is " +"expected to be reduced in upcoming Python release. We are aiming for an " +"overhead of 10% or less on the pyperformance suite compared to the default " +"GIL-enabled build." +msgstr "" +"与启用默认全局解释器锁的构建相比，自由线程构建在执行 Python 代码时有额外的开销。 在 3.13 中，`pyperformance " +"`_ 套件的开销约为 40%。大部分时间花在 C 扩展或 I/O " +"上的程序受到的影响较小。影响最大的原因是在自由线程构建中禁用了特化自适应解释器 (:pep:`659`) 。 我们希望在 3.14 " +"中以线程安全的方式重新启用它。在即将发布的 Python 版本中，这一开销有望减少。 " +"我们的目标是，与启用默认全局解释器锁的构建相比，pyperformance 套件的开销不超过 10%。" diff --git a/howto/functional.po b/howto/functional.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3de8a802e --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/functional.po @@ -0,0 +1,2337 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# wi24rd, 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Fei Yin , 2021 +# Kder , 2021 +# Konge , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# chen_chao , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:5 +msgid "Functional Programming HOWTO" +msgstr "函数式编程指引" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:7 +msgid "A. M. Kuchling" +msgstr "A. M. Kuchling" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:0 +msgid "Release" +msgstr "发布版本" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:8 +msgid "0.32" +msgstr "0.32" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:10 +msgid "" +"In this document, we'll take a tour of Python's features suitable for " +"implementing programs in a functional style. After an introduction to the " +"concepts of functional programming, we'll look at language features such as " +":term:`iterator`\\s and :term:`generator`\\s and relevant library modules " +"such as :mod:`itertools` and :mod:`functools`." +msgstr "" +"本文档提供恰当的 Python 函数式编程范例，在函数式编程简单的介绍之后，将简单介绍Python中关于函数式编程的特性如 " +":term:`iterator` 和 :term:`generator` 以及相关库模块如 :mod:`itertools` 和 " +":mod:`functools` 等。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:18 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:20 +msgid "" +"This section explains the basic concept of functional programming; if you're" +" just interested in learning about Python language features, skip to the " +"next section on :ref:`functional-howto-iterators`." +msgstr "" +"本章介绍函数式编程的基本概念。如您仅想学习 Python 语言的特性，可跳过本章直接查看 :ref:`functional-howto-" +"iterators`." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Programming languages support decomposing problems in several different " +"ways:" +msgstr "编程语言支持通过以下几种方式来解构具体问题：" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Most programming languages are **procedural**: programs are lists of " +"instructions that tell the computer what to do with the program's input. C," +" Pascal, and even Unix shells are procedural languages." +msgstr "" +"大多数的编程语言都是 **过程式** 的，所谓程序就是一连串告诉计算机怎样处理程序输入的指令。C、Pascal 甚至 Unix shells " +"都是过程式语言。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:30 +msgid "" +"In **declarative** languages, you write a specification that describes the " +"problem to be solved, and the language implementation figures out how to " +"perform the computation efficiently. SQL is the declarative language you're" +" most likely to be familiar with; a SQL query describes the data set you " +"want to retrieve, and the SQL engine decides whether to scan tables or use " +"indexes, which subclauses should be performed first, etc." +msgstr "" +"在 **声明式** 语言中，你编写一个用来描述待解决问题的说明，并且这个语言的具体实现会指明怎样高效的进行计算。 SQL 可能是你最熟悉的声明式语言了。" +" 一个 SQL 查询语句描述了你想要检索的数据集，并且 SQL 引擎会决定是扫描整张表还是使用索引，应该先执行哪些子句等等。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:37 +msgid "" +"**Object-oriented** programs manipulate collections of objects. Objects " +"have internal state and support methods that query or modify this internal " +"state in some way. Smalltalk and Java are object-oriented languages. C++ " +"and Python are languages that support object-oriented programming, but don't" +" force the use of object-oriented features." +msgstr "" +"**面向对象** 程序会操作一组对象。 对象拥有内部状态，并能够以某种方式支持请求和修改这个内部状态的方法。Smalltalk 和 Java " +"都是面向对象的语言。 C++ 和 Python 支持面向对象编程，但并不强制使用面向对象特性。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:43 +msgid "" +"**Functional** programming decomposes a problem into a set of functions. " +"Ideally, functions only take inputs and produce outputs, and don't have any " +"internal state that affects the output produced for a given input. Well-" +"known functional languages include the ML family (Standard ML, OCaml, and " +"other variants) and Haskell." +msgstr "" +"**函数式** 编程则将一个问题分解成一系列函数。 理想情况下，函数只接受输入并输出结果，对一个给定的输入也不会有影响输出的内部状态。 " +"著名的函数式语言有 ML 家族（Standard ML，Ocaml 以及其他变种）和 Haskell。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The designers of some computer languages choose to emphasize one particular " +"approach to programming. This often makes it difficult to write programs " +"that use a different approach. Other languages are multi-paradigm languages" +" that support several different approaches. Lisp, C++, and Python are multi-" +"paradigm; you can write programs or libraries that are largely procedural, " +"object-oriented, or functional in all of these languages. In a large " +"program, different sections might be written using different approaches; the" +" GUI might be object-oriented while the processing logic is procedural or " +"functional, for example." +msgstr "" +"一些语言的设计者选择强调一种特定的编程方式。 这通常会让以不同的方式来编写程序变得困难。其他多范式语言则支持几种不同的编程方式。Lisp，C++ 和 " +"Python " +"都是多范式语言；使用这些语言，你可以编写主要为过程式，面向对象或者函数式的程序和函数库。在大型程序中，不同的部分可能会采用不同的方式编写；比如 GUI " +"可能是面向对象的而处理逻辑则是过程式或者函数式。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:60 +msgid "" +"In a functional program, input flows through a set of functions. Each " +"function operates on its input and produces some output. Functional style " +"discourages functions with side effects that modify internal state or make " +"other changes that aren't visible in the function's return value. Functions" +" that have no side effects at all are called **purely functional**. " +"Avoiding side effects means not using data structures that get updated as a " +"program runs; every function's output must only depend on its input." +msgstr "" +"在函数式程序里，输入会流经一系列函数。每个函数接受输入并输出结果。函数式风格反对使用带有副作用的函数，这些副作用会修改内部状态，或者引起一些无法体现在函数的返回值中的变化。完全不产生副作用的函数被称作“纯函数”。消除副作用意味着不能使用随程序运行而更新的数据结构；每个函数的输出必须只依赖于输入。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Some languages are very strict about purity and don't even have assignment " +"statements such as ``a=3`` or ``c = a + b``, but it's difficult to avoid all" +" side effects, such as printing to the screen or writing to a disk file. " +"Another example is a call to the :func:`print` or :func:`time.sleep` " +"function, neither of which returns a useful value. Both are called only for " +"their side effects of sending some text to the screen or pausing execution " +"for a second." +msgstr "" +"有些语言对纯洁性要求非常严格，甚至没有诸如 ``a=3`` 或 ``c = a + b`` " +"之类的赋值语句，但很难避免所有的副作用，如打印到屏幕上或写到磁盘文件之类的副作用。另一个例子是调用 :func:`print` 或 " +":func:`time.sleep` 函数，它们都没有返回一个有用的值。这两个函数被调用只是为了它们的副作用，即向屏幕发送一些文本或暂停执行一秒钟。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Python programs written in functional style usually won't go to the extreme " +"of avoiding all I/O or all assignments; instead, they'll provide a " +"functional-appearing interface but will use non-functional features " +"internally. For example, the implementation of a function will still use " +"assignments to local variables, but won't modify global variables or have " +"other side effects." +msgstr "" +"函数式风格的 Python 程序并不会极端到消除所有 I/O " +"或者赋值的程度；相反，他们会提供像函数式一样的接口，但会在内部使用非函数式的特性。比如，函数的实现仍然会使用局部变量，但不会修改全局变量或者有其他副作用。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Functional programming can be considered the opposite of object-oriented " +"programming. Objects are little capsules containing some internal state " +"along with a collection of method calls that let you modify this state, and " +"programs consist of making the right set of state changes. Functional " +"programming wants to avoid state changes as much as possible and works with " +"data flowing between functions. In Python you might combine the two " +"approaches by writing functions that take and return instances representing " +"objects in your application (e-mail messages, transactions, etc.)." +msgstr "" +"函数式编程可以被认为是面向对象编程的对立面。对象就像是颗小胶囊，包裹着内部状态和随之而来的能让你修改这个内部状态的一组调用方法，以及由正确的状态变化所构成的程序。函数式编程希望尽可能地消除状态变化，只和流经函数的数据打交道。在" +" Python 里你可以把两种编程方式结合起来，在你的应用（电子邮件信息，事务处理）中编写接受和返回对象实例的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Functional design may seem like an odd constraint to work under. Why should" +" you avoid objects and side effects? There are theoretical and practical " +"advantages to the functional style:" +msgstr "函数式设计在工作中看起来是个奇怪的约束。为什么你要消除对象和副作用呢？不过函数式风格有其理论和实践上的优点：" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:94 +msgid "Formal provability." +msgstr "形式证明。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:95 +msgid "Modularity." +msgstr "模块化。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:96 +msgid "Composability." +msgstr "组合性。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:97 +msgid "Ease of debugging and testing." +msgstr "易于调试和测试。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:101 +msgid "Formal provability" +msgstr "形式证明" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:103 +msgid "" +"A theoretical benefit is that it's easier to construct a mathematical proof " +"that a functional program is correct." +msgstr "一个理论上的优点是，构造数学证明来说明函数式程序是正确的相对更容易些。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:106 +msgid "" +"For a long time researchers have been interested in finding ways to " +"mathematically prove programs correct. This is different from testing a " +"program on numerous inputs and concluding that its output is usually " +"correct, or reading a program's source code and concluding that the code " +"looks right; the goal is instead a rigorous proof that a program produces " +"the right result for all possible inputs." +msgstr "" +"很长时间，研究者们对寻找证明程序正确的数学方法都很感兴趣。这和通过大量输入来测试，并得出程序的输出基本正确，或者阅读一个程序的源代码然后得出代码看起来没问题不同；相反，这里的目标是一个严格的证明，证明程序对所有可能的输入都能给出正确的结果。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:113 +msgid "" +"The technique used to prove programs correct is to write down " +"**invariants**, properties of the input data and of the program's variables " +"that are always true. For each line of code, you then show that if " +"invariants X and Y are true **before** the line is executed, the slightly " +"different invariants X' and Y' are true **after** the line is executed. " +"This continues until you reach the end of the program, at which point the " +"invariants should match the desired conditions on the program's output." +msgstr "" +"证明程序正确性所用到的技术是写出 **不变量**，也就是对于输入数据和程序中的变量永远为真的特性。然后对每行代码，你说明这行代码执行前的不变量 X 和 " +"Y 以及执行后稍有不同的不变量 X' 和 Y' 为真。如此一直到程序结束，这时候在程序的输出上，不变量应该会与期望的状态一致。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Functional programming's avoidance of assignments arose because assignments " +"are difficult to handle with this technique; assignments can break " +"invariants that were true before the assignment without producing any new " +"invariants that can be propagated onward." +msgstr "函数式编程之所以要消除赋值，是因为赋值在这个技术中难以处理；赋值可能会破坏赋值前为真的不变量，却并不产生任何可以传递下去的新的不变量。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, proving programs correct is largely impractical and not " +"relevant to Python software. Even trivial programs require proofs that are " +"several pages long; the proof of correctness for a moderately complicated " +"program would be enormous, and few or none of the programs you use daily " +"(the Python interpreter, your XML parser, your web browser) could be proven " +"correct. Even if you wrote down or generated a proof, there would then be " +"the question of verifying the proof; maybe there's an error in it, and you " +"wrongly believe you've proved the program correct." +msgstr "" +"不幸的是，证明程序的正确性很大程度上是经验性质的，而且和 Python " +"软件无关。即使是微不足道的程序都需要几页长的证明；一个中等复杂的程序的正确性证明会非常庞大，而且，极少甚至没有你日常所使用的程序（Python " +"解释器，XML " +"解析器，浏览器）的正确性能够被证明。即使你写出或者生成一个证明，验证证明也会是一个问题；里面可能出了差错，而你错误地相信你证明了程序的正确性。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:137 +msgid "Modularity" +msgstr "模块化" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:139 +msgid "" +"A more practical benefit of functional programming is that it forces you to " +"break apart your problem into small pieces. Programs are more modular as a " +"result. It's easier to specify and write a small function that does one " +"thing than a large function that performs a complicated transformation. " +"Small functions are also easier to read and to check for errors." +msgstr "" +"函数式编程的一个更实用的优点是，它强制你把问题分解成小的方面。因此程序会更加模块化。相对于一个进行了复杂变换的大型函数，一个小的函数更明确，更易于编写," +" 也更易于阅读和检查错误。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:147 +msgid "Ease of debugging and testing" +msgstr "易于调试和测试" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:149 +msgid "Testing and debugging a functional-style program is easier." +msgstr "测试和调试函数式程序相对来说更容易。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Debugging is simplified because functions are generally small and clearly " +"specified. When a program doesn't work, each function is an interface point" +" where you can check that the data are correct. You can look at the " +"intermediate inputs and outputs to quickly isolate the function that's " +"responsible for a bug." +msgstr "" +"调试很简单是因为函数通常都很小而且清晰明确。当程序无法工作的时候，每个函数都是一个可以检查数据是否正确的接入点。你可以通过查看中间输入和输出迅速找到出错的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Testing is easier because each function is a potential subject for a unit " +"test. Functions don't depend on system state that needs to be replicated " +"before running a test; instead you only have to synthesize the right input " +"and then check that the output matches expectations." +msgstr "" +"测试更容易是因为每个函数都是单元测试的潜在目标。在执行测试前，函数并不依赖于需要重现的系统状态；相反，你只需要给出正确的输入，然后检查输出是否和期望的结果一致。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:163 +msgid "Composability" +msgstr "组合性" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:165 +msgid "" +"As you work on a functional-style program, you'll write a number of " +"functions with varying inputs and outputs. Some of these functions will be " +"unavoidably specialized to a particular application, but others will be " +"useful in a wide variety of programs. For example, a function that takes a " +"directory path and returns all the XML files in the directory, or a function" +" that takes a filename and returns its contents, can be applied to many " +"different situations." +msgstr "" +"当你编写函数式风格的程序时，你会写出很多带有不同输入和输出的函数。其中一些不可避免地会局限于特定的应用，但其他的却可以广泛的用在程序中。举例来说，一个接受文件夹目录返回所有文件夹中的" +" XML 文件的函数； 或是一个接受文件名，然后返回文件内容的函数，都可以应用在很多不同的场合。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Over time you'll form a personal library of utilities. Often you'll " +"assemble new programs by arranging existing functions in a new configuration" +" and writing a few functions specialized for the current task." +msgstr "久而久之你会形成一个个人工具库。通常你可以重新组织已有的函数来组成新的程序，然后为当前的工作写一些特殊的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:180 +msgid "Iterators" +msgstr "迭代器" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:182 +msgid "" +"I'll start by looking at a Python language feature that's an important " +"foundation for writing functional-style programs: iterators." +msgstr "我会从 Python 的一个语言特性， 编写函数式风格程序的重要基石开始说起：迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:185 +msgid "" +"An iterator is an object representing a stream of data; this object returns " +"the data one element at a time. A Python iterator must support a method " +"called :meth:`~iterator.__next__` that takes no arguments and always returns" +" the next element of the stream. If there are no more elements in the " +"stream, :meth:`~iterator.__next__` must raise the :exc:`StopIteration` " +"exception. Iterators don't have to be finite, though; it's perfectly " +"reasonable to write an iterator that produces an infinite stream of data." +msgstr "" +"迭代器是一个表示数据流的对象；这个对象每次只返回一个元素。Python 迭代器必须支持 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` " +"方法；这个方法不接受参数，并总是返回数据流中的下一个元素。如果数据流中没有元素，:meth:`~iterator.__next__` 会抛出 " +":exc:`StopIteration` 异常。迭代器未必是有限的；完全有理由构造一个输出无限数据流的迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:193 +msgid "" +"The built-in :func:`iter` function takes an arbitrary object and tries to " +"return an iterator that will return the object's contents or elements, " +"raising :exc:`TypeError` if the object doesn't support iteration. Several " +"of Python's built-in data types support iteration, the most common being " +"lists and dictionaries. An object is called :term:`iterable` if you can get" +" an iterator for it." +msgstr "" +"内置的 :func:`iter` 函数接受任意对象并试图返回一个迭代器来输出对象的内容或元素，并会在对象不支持迭代的时候抛出 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常。Python 有几种内置数据类型支持迭代，最常见的就是列表和字典。如果一个对象能生成迭代器，那么它就会被称作 " +":term:`iterable`。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:200 +msgid "You can experiment with the iteration interface manually:" +msgstr "你可以手动试验迭代器的接口。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Python expects iterable objects in several different contexts, the most " +"important being the :keyword:`for` statement. In the statement ``for X in " +"Y``, Y must be an iterator or some object for which :func:`iter` can create " +"an iterator. These two statements are equivalent::" +msgstr "" +"Python 有不少要求使用可迭代的对象的地方，其中最重要的就是 :keyword:`for` 表达式。在表达式 ``for X in Y``，Y " +"要么自身是一个迭代器，要么能够由 :func:`iter` 创建一个迭代器。以下两种表达是等价的::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:224 +msgid "" +"for i in iter(obj):\n" +" print(i)\n" +"\n" +"for i in obj:\n" +" print(i)" +msgstr "" +"for i in iter(obj):\n" +" print(i)\n" +"\n" +"for i in obj:\n" +" print(i)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Iterators can be materialized as lists or tuples by using the :func:`list` " +"or :func:`tuple` constructor functions:" +msgstr "可以用 :func:`list` 或 :func:`tuple` 这样的构造函数把迭代器具体化成列表或元组:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Sequence unpacking also supports iterators: if you know an iterator will " +"return N elements, you can unpack them into an N-tuple:" +msgstr "序列的解压操作也支持迭代器：如果你知道一个迭代器能够返回 N 个元素，你可以把他们解压到有 N 个元素的元组:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:248 +msgid "" +"Built-in functions such as :func:`max` and :func:`min` can take a single " +"iterator argument and will return the largest or smallest element. The " +"``\"in\"`` and ``\"not in\"`` operators also support iterators: ``X in " +"iterator`` is true if X is found in the stream returned by the iterator. " +"You'll run into obvious problems if the iterator is infinite; :func:`max`, " +":func:`min` will never return, and if the element X never appears in the " +"stream, the ``\"in\"`` and ``\"not in\"`` operators won't return either." +msgstr "" +"像 :func:`max` 和 :func:`min` 这样的内置函数可以接受单个迭代器参数，然后返回其中最大或者最小的元素。 ``\"in\"`` 和" +" ``\"not in\"`` 操作也支持迭代器：如果能够在迭代器 iterator 返回的数据流中找到 X 的话，则 ``X in " +"iterator`` 为真。很显然，如果迭代器是无限的，这么做你就会遇到问题；:func:`max` 和 :func:`min` " +"永远也不会返回；如果元素 X 也不出现在数据流中， ``\"in\"`` 和 ``\"not in\"`` 操作同样也永远不会返回。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Note that you can only go forward in an iterator; there's no way to get the " +"previous element, reset the iterator, or make a copy of it. Iterator " +"objects can optionally provide these additional capabilities, but the " +"iterator protocol only specifies the :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method. " +"Functions may therefore consume all of the iterator's output, and if you " +"need to do something different with the same stream, you'll have to create a" +" new iterator." +msgstr "" +"注意你只能在迭代器中顺序前进；没有获取前一个元素的方法，除非重置迭代器，或者重新复制一份。迭代器对象可以提供这些额外的功能，但迭代器协议只明确了 " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` " +"方法。函数可能因此而耗尽迭代器的输出，如果你要对同样的数据流做不同的操作，你必须重新创建一个迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:266 +msgid "Data Types That Support Iterators" +msgstr "支持迭代器的数据类型" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:268 +msgid "" +"We've already seen how lists and tuples support iterators. In fact, any " +"Python sequence type, such as strings, will automatically support creation " +"of an iterator." +msgstr "我们已经知道列表和元组支持迭代器。实际上，Python 中的任何序列类型，比如字符串，都自动支持创建迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`iter` on a dictionary returns an iterator that will loop over" +" the dictionary's keys::" +msgstr "对字典调用 :func:`iter` 会返回一个遍历字典的键的迭代器::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:275 +msgid "" +">>> m = {'Jan': 1, 'Feb': 2, 'Mar': 3, 'Apr': 4, 'May': 5, 'Jun': 6,\n" +"... 'Jul': 7, 'Aug': 8, 'Sep': 9, 'Oct': 10, 'Nov': 11, 'Dec': 12}\n" +">>> for key in m:\n" +"... print(key, m[key])\n" +"Jan 1\n" +"Feb 2\n" +"Mar 3\n" +"Apr 4\n" +"May 5\n" +"Jun 6\n" +"Jul 7\n" +"Aug 8\n" +"Sep 9\n" +"Oct 10\n" +"Nov 11\n" +"Dec 12" +msgstr "" +">>> m = {'Jan': 1, 'Feb': 2, 'Mar': 3, 'Apr': 4, 'May': 5, 'Jun': 6,\n" +"... 'Jul': 7, 'Aug': 8, 'Sep': 9, 'Oct': 10, 'Nov': 11, 'Dec': 12}\n" +">>> for key in m:\n" +"... print(key, m[key])\n" +"Jan 1\n" +"Feb 2\n" +"Mar 3\n" +"Apr 4\n" +"May 5\n" +"Jun 6\n" +"Jul 7\n" +"Aug 8\n" +"Sep 9\n" +"Oct 10\n" +"Nov 11\n" +"Dec 12" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Note that starting with Python 3.7, dictionary iteration order is guaranteed" +" to be the same as the insertion order. In earlier versions, the behaviour " +"was unspecified and could vary between implementations." +msgstr "注意从 Python 3.7 开始，字典的遍历顺序一定和输入顺序一样。先前的版本并没有明确这一点，所以不同的实现可能不一致。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:296 +msgid "" +"Applying :func:`iter` to a dictionary always loops over the keys, but " +"dictionaries have methods that return other iterators. If you want to " +"iterate over values or key/value pairs, you can explicitly call the " +":meth:`~dict.values` or :meth:`~dict.items` methods to get an appropriate " +"iterator." +msgstr "" +"对字典使用 :func:`iter` 总是会遍历键，但字典也有返回其他迭代器的方法。如果你只遍历值或者键/值对，你可以明确地调用 " +":meth:`~dict.values` 或 :meth:`~dict.items` 方法得到合适的迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:302 +msgid "" +"The :func:`dict` constructor can accept an iterator that returns a finite " +"stream of ``(key, value)`` tuples:" +msgstr ":func:`dict` 构造函数可以接受一个迭代器，然后返回一个有限的 ``(key, value)`` 元组的数据流:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Files also support iteration by calling the :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` " +"method until there are no more lines in the file. This means you can read " +"each line of a file like this::" +msgstr "" +"文件也可以通过调用 :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` " +"来遍历，直到穷尽文件中所有的行。这意味着你可以像这样读取文件中的每一行::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:313 +msgid "" +"for line in file:\n" +" # do something for each line\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"for line in file:\n" +" # 对每一行执行某些操作\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:317 +msgid "" +"Sets can take their contents from an iterable and let you iterate over the " +"set's elements::" +msgstr "集合可以从可遍历的对象获取内容，也可以让你遍历集合的元素::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:320 +msgid "" +">>> S = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}\n" +">>> for i in S:\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +"5\n" +"7\n" +"11\n" +"13" +msgstr "" +">>> S = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}\n" +">>> for i in S:\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +"5\n" +"7\n" +"11\n" +"13" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:333 +msgid "Generator expressions and list comprehensions" +msgstr "生成器表达式和列表推导式" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Two common operations on an iterator's output are 1) performing some " +"operation for every element, 2) selecting a subset of elements that meet " +"some condition. For example, given a list of strings, you might want to " +"strip off trailing whitespace from each line or extract all the strings " +"containing a given substring." +msgstr "" +"迭代器的输出有两个很常见的使用方式，1) 对每一个元素执行操作，2) " +"选择一个符合条件的元素子集。比如，给定一个字符串列表，你可能想去掉每个字符串尾部的空白字符，或是选出所有包含给定子串的字符串。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:341 +msgid "" +"List comprehensions and generator expressions (short form: \"listcomps\" and" +" \"genexps\") are a concise notation for such operations, borrowed from the " +"functional programming language Haskell (https://www.haskell.org/). You can" +" strip all the whitespace from a stream of strings with the following code::" +msgstr "" +"列表推导式和生成器表达式 (简写: \"listcomp\" 和 \"genexp\") 让这些操作更加简明，这个形式借鉴自函数式编程语言 " +"Haskell (https://www.haskell.org/)。 你可以用以下代码去掉一个字符串流中的所有空白符:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:346 +msgid "" +">>> line_list = [' line 1\\n', 'line 2 \\n', ' \\n', '']\n" +"\n" +">>> # Generator expression -- returns iterator\n" +">>> stripped_iter = (line.strip() for line in line_list)\n" +"\n" +">>> # List comprehension -- returns list\n" +">>> stripped_list = [line.strip() for line in line_list]" +msgstr "" +">>> line_list = [' line 1\\n', 'line 2 \\n', ' \\n', '']\n" +"\n" +">>> # 生成器表达式 -- 返回迭代器\n" +">>> stripped_iter = (line.strip() for line in line_list)\n" +"\n" +">>> # 列表推导式 -- 返回列表\n" +">>> stripped_list = [line.strip() for line in line_list]" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:354 +msgid "You can select only certain elements by adding an ``\"if\"`` condition::" +msgstr "你可以加上条件语句 ``\"if\"`` 来选取特定的元素:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:356 +msgid "" +">>> stripped_list = [line.strip() for line in line_list\n" +"... if line != \"\"]" +msgstr "" +">>> stripped_list = [line.strip() for line in line_list\n" +"... if line != \"\"]" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:359 +msgid "" +"With a list comprehension, you get back a Python list; ``stripped_list`` is " +"a list containing the resulting lines, not an iterator. Generator " +"expressions return an iterator that computes the values as necessary, not " +"needing to materialize all the values at once. This means that list " +"comprehensions aren't useful if you're working with iterators that return an" +" infinite stream or a very large amount of data. Generator expressions are " +"preferable in these situations." +msgstr "" +"通过列表推导式，你会获得一个 Python 列表；``stripped_list`` 就是一个包含所有结果行的列表，并不是迭代器。 " +"生成器表达式会返回一个迭代器，它在必要的时候计算结果，避免一次性生成所有的值。 " +"这意味着，如果迭代器返回一个无限数据流或者大量的数据，列表推导式就不太好用了。 这种情况下生成器表达式会更受青睐。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Generator expressions are surrounded by parentheses (\"()\") and list " +"comprehensions are surrounded by square brackets (\"[]\"). Generator " +"expressions have the form::" +msgstr "生成器表达式两边使用圆括号 (\"()\") ，而列表推导式则使用方括号 (\"[]\")。生成器表达式的形式为::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:370 +msgid "" +"( expression for expr in sequence1\n" +" if condition1\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2\n" +" if condition2\n" +" for expr3 in sequence3\n" +" ...\n" +" if condition3\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN\n" +" if conditionN )" +msgstr "" +"( expression for expr in sequence1\n" +" if condition1\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2\n" +" if condition2\n" +" for expr3 in sequence3\n" +" ...\n" +" if condition3\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN\n" +" if conditionN )" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:380 +msgid "" +"Again, for a list comprehension only the outside brackets are different " +"(square brackets instead of parentheses)." +msgstr "再次说明，列表推导式只有两边的括号不一样（方括号而不是圆括号）。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:383 +msgid "" +"The elements of the generated output will be the successive values of " +"``expression``. The ``if`` clauses are all optional; if present, " +"``expression`` is only evaluated and added to the result when ``condition`` " +"is true." +msgstr "" +"这些生成用于输出的元素会成为 ``expression`` 的后继值。其中 ``if`` 语句是可选的；如果给定的话 ``expression`` " +"只会在符合条件时计算并加入到结果中。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Generator expressions always have to be written inside parentheses, but the " +"parentheses signalling a function call also count. If you want to create an" +" iterator that will be immediately passed to a function you can write::" +msgstr "生成器表达式总是写在圆括号里面，不过也可以算上调用函数时用的括号。如果你想即时创建一个传递给函数的迭代器，可以这么写::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:391 +msgid "obj_total = sum(obj.count for obj in list_all_objects())" +msgstr "obj_total = sum(obj.count for obj in list_all_objects())" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:393 +msgid "" +"The ``for...in`` clauses contain the sequences to be iterated over. The " +"sequences do not have to be the same length, because they are iterated over " +"from left to right, **not** in parallel. For each element in ``sequence1``," +" ``sequence2`` is looped over from the beginning. ``sequence3`` is then " +"looped over for each resulting pair of elements from ``sequence1`` and " +"``sequence2``." +msgstr "" +"其中 ``for...in`` 语句包含了将要遍历的序列。这些序列并不必须同样长，因为它们会从左往右开始遍历，而 **不是** 同时执行。对每个 " +"``sequence1`` 中的元素，``sequence2`` 会从头开始遍历。``sequence3`` 会对每个 ``sequence1`` 和 " +"``sequence2`` 的元素对开始遍历。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:399 +msgid "" +"To put it another way, a list comprehension or generator expression is " +"equivalent to the following Python code::" +msgstr "换句话说，列表推导式器是和下面的 Python 代码等价::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:402 +msgid "" +"for expr1 in sequence1:\n" +" if not (condition1):\n" +" continue # Skip this element\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2:\n" +" if not (condition2):\n" +" continue # Skip this element\n" +" ...\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN:\n" +" if not (conditionN):\n" +" continue # Skip this element\n" +"\n" +" # Output the value of\n" +" # the expression." +msgstr "" +"for expr1 in sequence1:\n" +" if not (condition1):\n" +" continue # 跳过此元素\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2:\n" +" if not (condition2):\n" +" continue # 跳过此元素\n" +" ...\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN:\n" +" if not (conditionN):\n" +" continue # 跳过此元素\n" +"\n" +" # 输出表达式的值。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:416 +msgid "" +"This means that when there are multiple ``for...in`` clauses but no ``if`` " +"clauses, the length of the resulting output will be equal to the product of " +"the lengths of all the sequences. If you have two lists of length 3, the " +"output list is 9 elements long:" +msgstr "" +"这说明，如果有多个 ``for...in`` 语句而没有 ``if`` " +"语句，输出结果的长度就是所有序列长度的乘积。如果你的两个列表长度为3，那么输出的列表长度就是9:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:428 +msgid "" +"To avoid introducing an ambiguity into Python's grammar, if ``expression`` " +"is creating a tuple, it must be surrounded with parentheses. The first list" +" comprehension below is a syntax error, while the second one is correct::" +msgstr "" +"为了不让 Python 语法变得含糊，如果 ``expression`` " +"会生成元组，那这个元组必须要用括号括起来。下面第一个列表推导式语法错误，第二个则是正确的::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:432 +msgid "" +"# Syntax error\n" +"[x, y for x in seq1 for y in seq2]\n" +"# Correct\n" +"[(x, y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2]" +msgstr "" +"# 语法错误\n" +"[x, y for x in seq1 for y in seq2]\n" +"# 正确\n" +"[(x, y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2]" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:439 +msgid "Generators" +msgstr "生成器" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:441 +msgid "" +"Generators are a special class of functions that simplify the task of " +"writing iterators. Regular functions compute a value and return it, but " +"generators return an iterator that returns a stream of values." +msgstr "生成器是一类用来简化编写迭代器工作的特殊函数。普通的函数计算并返回一个值，而生成器返回一个能返回数据流的迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:445 +msgid "" +"You're doubtless familiar with how regular function calls work in Python or " +"C. When you call a function, it gets a private namespace where its local " +"variables are created. When the function reaches a ``return`` statement, " +"the local variables are destroyed and the value is returned to the caller. " +"A later call to the same function creates a new private namespace and a " +"fresh set of local variables. But, what if the local variables weren't " +"thrown away on exiting a function? What if you could later resume the " +"function where it left off? This is what generators provide; they can be " +"thought of as resumable functions." +msgstr "" +"毫无疑问，你已经对如何在 Python 和 C 中调用普通函数很熟悉了，这时候函数会获得一个创建局部变量的私有命名空间。当函数到达 ``return``" +" " +"表达式时，局部变量会被销毁然后把返回给调用者。之后调用同样的函数时会创建一个新的私有命名空间和一组全新的局部变量。但是，如果在退出一个函数时不扔掉局部变量会如何呢？如果稍后你能够从退出函数的地方重新恢复又如何呢？这就是生成器所提供的；他们可以被看成可恢复的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:454 +msgid "Here's the simplest example of a generator function:" +msgstr "这里有简单的生成器函数示例::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Any function containing a :keyword:`yield` keyword is a generator function; " +"this is detected by Python's :term:`bytecode` compiler which compiles the " +"function specially as a result." +msgstr "" +"任何包含了 :keyword:`yield` 关键字的函数都是生成器函数；Python 的 :term:`bytecode` " +"编译器会在编译的时候检测到并因此而特殊处理。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:464 +msgid "" +"When you call a generator function, it doesn't return a single value; " +"instead it returns a generator object that supports the iterator protocol. " +"On executing the ``yield`` expression, the generator outputs the value of " +"``i``, similar to a ``return`` statement. The big difference between " +"``yield`` and a ``return`` statement is that on reaching a ``yield`` the " +"generator's state of execution is suspended and local variables are " +"preserved. On the next call to the generator's :meth:`~generator.__next__` " +"method, the function will resume executing." +msgstr "" +"当你调用一个生成器函数，它并不会返回单独的值，而是返回一个支持生成器协议的生成器对象。当执行 ``yield`` 表达式时，生成器会输出 ``i`` " +"的值，就像 ``return`` 表达式一样。``yield`` 和 ``return`` 最大的区别在于，到达 ``yield`` " +"的时候生成器的执行状态会挂起并保留局部变量。在下一次调用生成器 :meth:`~generator.__next__` 方法的时候，函数会恢复执行。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:473 +msgid "Here's a sample usage of the ``generate_ints()`` generator:" +msgstr "这里有一个 ``generate_ints()`` 生成器的示例:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:490 +msgid "" +"You could equally write ``for i in generate_ints(5)``, or ``a, b, c = " +"generate_ints(3)``." +msgstr "" +"同样，你可以写出 ``for i in generate_ints(5)``，或者 ``a, b, c = generate_ints(3)``。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Inside a generator function, ``return value`` causes " +"``StopIteration(value)`` to be raised from the :meth:`~generator.__next__` " +"method. Once this happens, or the bottom of the function is reached, the " +"procession of values ends and the generator cannot yield any further values." +msgstr "" +"在生成器函数里面，``return value`` 会触发从 :meth:`~generator.__next__` 方法抛出 " +"``StopIteration(value)`` 异常。一旦抛出这个异常，或者函数结束，处理数据的过程就会停止，生成器也不会再生成新的值。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:498 +msgid "" +"You could achieve the effect of generators manually by writing your own " +"class and storing all the local variables of the generator as instance " +"variables. For example, returning a list of integers could be done by " +"setting ``self.count`` to 0, and having the :meth:`~iterator.__next__` " +"method increment ``self.count`` and return it. However, for a moderately " +"complicated generator, writing a corresponding class can be much messier." +msgstr "" +"你可以手动编写自己的类来达到生成器的效果，把生成器的所有局部变量作为实例的成员变量存储起来。比如，可以这么返回一个整数列表：把 " +"``self.count`` 设为0，然后通过 :meth:`~iterator.__next__`方法增加并返回 " +"``self.count``。然而，对于一个中等复杂程度的生成器，写出一个相应的类可能会相当繁杂。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:506 +msgid "" +"The test suite included with Python's library, " +":source:`Lib/test/test_generators.py`, contains a number of more interesting" +" examples. Here's one generator that implements an in-order traversal of a " +"tree using generators recursively. ::" +msgstr "" +"包含在 Python 库中的测试套件 :source:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` " +"里有很多非常有趣的例子。这里是一个用生成器实现树的递归中序遍历示例。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:511 +msgid "" +"# A recursive generator that generates Tree leaves in in-order.\n" +"def inorder(t):\n" +" if t:\n" +" for x in inorder(t.left):\n" +" yield x\n" +"\n" +" yield t.label\n" +"\n" +" for x in inorder(t.right):\n" +" yield x" +msgstr "" +"# 一个按内部顺序生成 Tree 叶子节点的递归生成器。\n" +"def inorder(t):\n" +" if t:\n" +" for x in inorder(t.left):\n" +" yield x\n" +"\n" +" yield t.label\n" +"\n" +" for x in inorder(t.right):\n" +" yield x" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:522 +msgid "" +"Two other examples in ``test_generators.py`` produce solutions for the " +"N-Queens problem (placing N queens on an NxN chess board so that no queen " +"threatens another) and the Knight's Tour (finding a route that takes a " +"knight to every square of an NxN chessboard without visiting any square " +"twice)." +msgstr "" +"另外两个 ``test_generators.py`` 中的例子给出了 N 皇后问题（在 NxN 的棋盘上放置 N " +"个皇后，任何一个都不能吃掉另一个），以及马的遍历路线（在NxN 的棋盘上给马找出一条不重复的走过所有格子的路线）的解。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:530 +msgid "Passing values into a generator" +msgstr "向生成器传递值" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:532 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.4 and earlier, generators only produced output. Once a " +"generator's code was invoked to create an iterator, there was no way to pass" +" any new information into the function when its execution is resumed. You " +"could hack together this ability by making the generator look at a global " +"variable or by passing in some mutable object that callers then modify, but " +"these approaches are messy." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.4 " +"及之前的版本中，生成器只产生输出。一旦调用生成器的代码创建一个迭代器，就没有办法在函数恢复执行的时候向它传递新的信息。你可以设法实现这个功能，让生成器引用一个全局变量或者一个调用者可以修改的可变对象，但是这些方法都很繁杂。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:539 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.5 there's a simple way to pass values into a generator. " +":keyword:`yield` became an expression, returning a value that can be " +"assigned to a variable or otherwise operated on::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.5 里有一个简单的将值传递给生成器的方法。:keyword:`yield` " +"变成了一个表达式，返回一个可以赋给变量或执行操作的值::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:543 +msgid "val = (yield i)" +msgstr "val = (yield i)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:545 +msgid "" +"I recommend that you **always** put parentheses around a ``yield`` " +"expression when you're doing something with the returned value, as in the " +"above example. The parentheses aren't always necessary, but it's easier to " +"always add them instead of having to remember when they're needed." +msgstr "" +"我建议你在处理 ``yield`` 表达式返回值的时候， **总是** " +"两边写上括号，就像上面的例子一样。括号并不总是必须的，但是比起记住什么时候需要括号，写出来会更容易一点。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:550 +msgid "" +"(:pep:`342` explains the exact rules, which are that a ``yield``-expression " +"must always be parenthesized except when it occurs at the top-level " +"expression on the right-hand side of an assignment. This means you can " +"write ``val = yield i`` but have to use parentheses when there's an " +"operation, as in ``val = (yield i) + 12``.)" +msgstr "" +"（:pep:`342` 解释了具体的规则，也就是 ``yield`` 表达式必须括起来，除非是出现在最顶级的赋值表达式的右边。这意味着你可以写 " +"``val = yield i``，但是必须在操作的时候加上括号，就像 ``val = (yield i) + 12``）" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:556 +msgid "" +"Values are sent into a generator by calling its :meth:`send(value) " +"` method. This method resumes the generator's code and the " +"``yield`` expression returns the specified value. If the regular " +":meth:`~generator.__next__` method is called, the ``yield`` returns " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"可以调用 :meth:`send(value)` 方法向生成器发送值。这个方法会恢复执行生成器的代码，然后 " +"``yield`` 表达式返回特定的值。如果调用普通的 :meth:`~generator.__next__`方法，``yield`` 会返回 " +"``None``." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:561 +msgid "" +"Here's a simple counter that increments by 1 and allows changing the value " +"of the internal counter." +msgstr "这里有一个简单的每次加1的计数器，并允许改变内部计数器的值。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:564 +msgid "" +"def counter(maximum):\n" +" i = 0\n" +" while i < maximum:\n" +" val = (yield i)\n" +" # If value provided, change counter\n" +" if val is not None:\n" +" i = val\n" +" else:\n" +" i += 1" +msgstr "" +"def counter(maximum):\n" +" i = 0\n" +" while i < maximum:\n" +" val = (yield i)\n" +" # 如果提供了值，则改变计数器\n" +" if val is not None:\n" +" i = val\n" +" else:\n" +" i += 1" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:576 +msgid "And here's an example of changing the counter:" +msgstr "这是改变计数器的一个示例" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:593 +msgid "" +"Because ``yield`` will often be returning ``None``, you should always check " +"for this case. Don't just use its value in expressions unless you're sure " +"that the :meth:`~generator.send` method will be the only method used to " +"resume your generator function." +msgstr "" +"因为 ``yield`` 很多时候会返回 ``None``，所以你应该总是检查这个情况。不要在表达式中使用 ``yield`` 的值，除非你确定 " +":meth:`~generator.send` 是唯一的用来恢复你的生成器函数的方法。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:598 +msgid "" +"In addition to :meth:`~generator.send`, there are two other methods on " +"generators:" +msgstr "除了 :meth:`~generator.send` 之外，生成器还有两个其他的方法:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:601 +msgid "" +":meth:`throw(value) ` is used to raise an exception inside " +"the generator; the exception is raised by the ``yield`` expression where the" +" generator's execution is paused." +msgstr "" +":meth:`throw(value) ` 用于在生成器内部抛出异常；这个异常会在生成器暂停执行的时候由 " +"``yield`` 表达式抛出。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:605 +msgid "" +":meth:`~generator.close` raises a :exc:`GeneratorExit` exception inside the " +"generator to terminate the iteration. On receiving this exception, the " +"generator's code must either raise :exc:`GeneratorExit` or " +":exc:`StopIteration`; catching the exception and doing anything else is " +"illegal and will trigger a :exc:`RuntimeError`. :meth:`~generator.close` " +"will also be called by Python's garbage collector when the generator is " +"garbage-collected." +msgstr "" +":meth:`generator.close` 会在生成器内部抛出 :exc:`GeneratorExit` " +"异常来结束迭代。当接收到这个异常时，生成器的代码会抛出 :exc:`GeneratorExit` 或者 " +":exc:`StopIteration`；捕捉这个异常作其他处理是非法的，并会出发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。:meth:`~generator.close` 也会在 Python 垃圾回收器回收生成器的时候调用。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:613 +msgid "" +"If you need to run cleanup code when a :exc:`GeneratorExit` occurs, I " +"suggest using a ``try: ... finally:`` suite instead of catching " +":exc:`GeneratorExit`." +msgstr "" +"如果你要在 :exc:`GeneratorExit` 发生的时候清理代码，我建议使用 ``try: ... finally:`` 组合来代替 " +":exc:`GeneratorExit`。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:616 +msgid "" +"The cumulative effect of these changes is to turn generators from one-way " +"producers of information into both producers and consumers." +msgstr "这些改变的累积效应是，让生成器从单向的信息生产者变成了既是生产者，又是消费者。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:619 +msgid "" +"Generators also become **coroutines**, a more generalized form of " +"subroutines. Subroutines are entered at one point and exited at another " +"point (the top of the function, and a ``return`` statement), but coroutines " +"can be entered, exited, and resumed at many different points (the ``yield`` " +"statements)." +msgstr "" +"生成器也可以成为 **协程** ，一种更广义的子过程形式。子过程可以从一个地方进入，然后从另一个地方退出（从函数的顶端进入，从 ``return`` " +"语句退出），而协程可以进入，退出，然后在很多不同的地方恢复（``yield`` 语句）。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:626 +msgid "Built-in functions" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:628 +msgid "" +"Let's look in more detail at built-in functions often used with iterators." +msgstr "我们可以看看迭代器常常用到的函数的更多细节。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Two of Python's built-in functions, :func:`map` and :func:`filter` duplicate" +" the features of generator expressions:" +msgstr "Python 内置的两个函数 :func:`map` 和 :func:`filter` 复制了生成器表达式的两个特性:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:633 +msgid "" +":func:`map(f, iterA, iterB, ...) ` returns an iterator over the " +"sequence" +msgstr ":func:`map(f, iterA, iterB, ...) ` 返回一个遍历序列的迭代器" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:634 +msgid "" +"``f(iterA[0], iterB[0]), f(iterA[1], iterB[1]), f(iterA[2], iterB[2]), " +"...``." +msgstr "" +"``f(iterA[0], iterB[0]), f(iterA[1], iterB[1]), f(iterA[2], iterB[2]), " +"...``." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:644 +msgid "You can of course achieve the same effect with a list comprehension." +msgstr "你当然也可以用列表推导式达到同样的效果。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:646 +msgid "" +":func:`filter(predicate, iter) ` returns an iterator over all the " +"sequence elements that meet a certain condition, and is similarly duplicated" +" by list comprehensions. A **predicate** is a function that returns the " +"truth value of some condition; for use with :func:`filter`, the predicate " +"must take a single value." +msgstr "" +":func:`filter(predicate, iter) ` 返回一个遍历序列中满足指定条件的元素的迭代器，和列表推导式的功能相似。" +" **predicate** （谓词）是一个在特定条件下返回真值的函数；要使用函数 :func:`filter`，谓词函数必须只能接受一个参数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:659 +msgid "This can also be written as a list comprehension:" +msgstr "这也可以写成列表推导式:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:665 +msgid "" +":func:`enumerate(iter, start=0) ` counts off the elements in the " +"iterable returning 2-tuples containing the count (from *start*) and each " +"element. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`enumerate(iter, start=0) ` 计数可迭代对象中的元素，然后返回包含每个计数（从 " +"**start** 开始）和元素两个值的元组。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:669 +msgid "" +">>> for item in enumerate(['subject', 'verb', 'object']):\n" +"... print(item)\n" +"(0, 'subject')\n" +"(1, 'verb')\n" +"(2, 'object')" +msgstr "" +">>> for item in enumerate(['subject', 'verb', 'object']):\n" +"... print(item)\n" +"(0, 'subject')\n" +"(1, 'verb')\n" +"(2, 'object')" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:675 +msgid "" +":func:`enumerate` is often used when looping through a list and recording " +"the indexes at which certain conditions are met::" +msgstr ":func:`enumerate` 常常用于遍历列表并记录达到特定条件时的下标::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:678 +msgid "" +"f = open('data.txt', 'r')\n" +"for i, line in enumerate(f):\n" +" if line.strip() == '':\n" +" print('Blank line at line #%i' % i)" +msgstr "" +"f = open('data.txt', 'r')\n" +"for i, line in enumerate(f):\n" +" if line.strip() == '':\n" +" print('Blank line at line #%i' % i)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:683 +msgid "" +":func:`sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False) ` collects all the " +"elements of the iterable into a list, sorts the list, and returns the sorted" +" result. The *key* and *reverse* arguments are passed through to the " +"constructed list's :meth:`~list.sort` method. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False) ` 会将 iterable " +"中的元素收集到一个列表中，然后排序并返回结果。其中 *key* 和 *reverse* 参数会传递给所创建列表的 :meth:`~list.sort` " +"方法。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:688 +msgid "" +">>> import random\n" +">>> # Generate 8 random numbers between [0, 10000)\n" +">>> rand_list = random.sample(range(10000), 8)\n" +">>> rand_list\n" +"[769, 7953, 9828, 6431, 8442, 9878, 6213, 2207]\n" +">>> sorted(rand_list)\n" +"[769, 2207, 6213, 6431, 7953, 8442, 9828, 9878]\n" +">>> sorted(rand_list, reverse=True)\n" +"[9878, 9828, 8442, 7953, 6431, 6213, 2207, 769]" +msgstr "" +">>> import random\n" +">>> # 生成在 [0, 10000) 区间内的 8 个随机数\n" +">>> rand_list = random.sample(range(10000), 8)\n" +">>> rand_list\n" +"[769, 7953, 9828, 6431, 8442, 9878, 6213, 2207]\n" +">>> sorted(rand_list)\n" +"[769, 2207, 6213, 6431, 7953, 8442, 9828, 9878]\n" +">>> sorted(rand_list, reverse=True)\n" +"[9878, 9828, 8442, 7953, 6431, 6213, 2207, 769]" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:698 +msgid "" +"(For a more detailed discussion of sorting, see the :ref:`sortinghowto`.)" +msgstr "（对排序更详细的讨论可参见 :ref:`sortinghowto`。）" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:701 +msgid "" +"The :func:`any(iter) ` and :func:`all(iter) ` built-ins look at " +"the truth values of an iterable's contents. :func:`any` returns ``True`` if" +" any element in the iterable is a true value, and :func:`all` returns " +"``True`` if all of the elements are true values:" +msgstr "" +"内置函数 :func:`any(iter) ` 和 :func:`all(iter) ` " +"会查看一个可迭代对象内容的逻辑值。:func:`any` 在可迭代对象中任意一个元素为真时返回 ``True``，而 :func:`all` " +"在所有元素为真时返回 ``True``:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:720 +msgid "" +":func:`zip(iterA, iterB, ...) ` takes one element from each iterable " +"and returns them in a tuple::" +msgstr ":func:`zip(iterA, iterB, ...) ` 从每个可迭代对象中选取单个元素组成列表并返回::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:723 +msgid "" +"zip(['a', 'b', 'c'], (1, 2, 3)) =>\n" +" ('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)" +msgstr "" +"zip(['a', 'b', 'c'], (1, 2, 3)) =>\n" +" ('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:726 +msgid "" +"It doesn't construct an in-memory list and exhaust all the input iterators " +"before returning; instead tuples are constructed and returned only if " +"they're requested. (The technical term for this behaviour is `lazy " +"evaluation `__.)" +msgstr "" +"它并不会在内存创建一个列表并因此在返回前而耗尽输入的迭代器；相反，只有在被请求的时候元组才会创建并返回。（这种行为的技术术语叫惰性计算，参见 `lazy" +" evaluation `__.）" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:731 +msgid "" +"This iterator is intended to be used with iterables that are all of the same" +" length. If the iterables are of different lengths, the resulting stream " +"will be the same length as the shortest iterable. ::" +msgstr "这个迭代器设计用于长度相同的可迭代对象。如果可迭代对象的长度不一致，返回的数据流的长度会和最短的可迭代对象相同" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:735 +msgid "" +"zip(['a', 'b'], (1, 2, 3)) =>\n" +" ('a', 1), ('b', 2)" +msgstr "" +"zip(['a', 'b'], (1, 2, 3)) =>\n" +" ('a', 1), ('b', 2)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:738 +msgid "" +"You should avoid doing this, though, because an element may be taken from " +"the longer iterators and discarded. This means you can't go on to use the " +"iterators further because you risk skipping a discarded element." +msgstr "然而，你应该避免这种情况，因为所有从更长的迭代器中取出的元素都会被丢弃。这意味着之后你也无法冒着跳过被丢弃元素的风险来继续使用这个迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:744 +msgid "The itertools module" +msgstr "itertools 模块" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:746 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`itertools` module contains a number of commonly used iterators as " +"well as functions for combining several iterators. This section will " +"introduce the module's contents by showing small examples." +msgstr ":mod:`itertools` 模块包含很多常用的迭代器以及用于组合多个迭代器的函数。 本节会用一些小例子来介绍这个模块的内容。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:750 +msgid "The module's functions fall into a few broad classes:" +msgstr "这个模块里的函数大致可以分为几类：" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:752 +msgid "Functions that create a new iterator based on an existing iterator." +msgstr "从已有的迭代器创建新的迭代器的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:753 +msgid "Functions for treating an iterator's elements as function arguments." +msgstr "接受迭代器元素作为参数的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:754 +msgid "Functions for selecting portions of an iterator's output." +msgstr "选取部分迭代器输出的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:755 +msgid "A function for grouping an iterator's output." +msgstr "给迭代器输出分组的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:758 +msgid "Creating new iterators" +msgstr "创建新的迭代器" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:760 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.count(start, step) ` returns an infinite " +"stream of evenly spaced values. You can optionally supply the starting " +"number, which defaults to 0, and the interval between numbers, which " +"defaults to 1::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.count(start, step) ` " +"返回一个等分的无限数据流。初始值默认为0，间隔默认为1，你也选择可以指定初始值和间隔::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:764 +msgid "" +"itertools.count() =>\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ...\n" +"itertools.count(10) =>\n" +" 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ...\n" +"itertools.count(10, 5) =>\n" +" 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, ..." +msgstr "" +"itertools.count() =>\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ...\n" +"itertools.count(10) =>\n" +" 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ...\n" +"itertools.count(10, 5) =>\n" +" 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, ..." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:771 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.cycle(iter) ` saves a copy of the contents" +" of a provided iterable and returns a new iterator that returns its elements" +" from first to last. The new iterator will repeat these elements " +"infinitely. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.cycle(iter) ` " +"保存一份所提供的可迭代对象的副本，并返回一个能产生整个可迭代对象序列的新迭代器。新迭代器会无限重复这些元素。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:775 +msgid "" +"itertools.cycle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ..." +msgstr "" +"itertools.cycle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ..." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:778 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.repeat(elem, [n]) ` returns the provided " +"element *n* times, or returns the element endlessly if *n* is not provided. " +"::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.repeat(elem, [n]) ` 返回 *n* 次所提供的元素，当 *n* " +"不存在时，返回无数次所提供的元素。 ::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:781 +msgid "" +"itertools.repeat('abc') =>\n" +" abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, ...\n" +"itertools.repeat('abc', 5) =>\n" +" abc, abc, abc, abc, abc" +msgstr "" +"itertools.repeat('abc') =>\n" +" abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, abc, ...\n" +"itertools.repeat('abc', 5) =>\n" +" abc, abc, abc, abc, abc" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:786 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.chain(iterA, iterB, ...) ` takes an " +"arbitrary number of iterables as input, and returns all the elements of the " +"first iterator, then all the elements of the second, and so on, until all of" +" the iterables have been exhausted. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.chain(iterA, iterB, ...) ` " +"接受任意数量的可迭代对象作为输入，首先返回第一个迭代器的所有元素，然后是第二个的所有元素，如此一直进行下去，直到消耗掉所有输入的可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:791 +msgid "" +"itertools.chain(['a', 'b', 'c'], (1, 2, 3)) =>\n" +" a, b, c, 1, 2, 3" +msgstr "" +"itertools.chain(['a', 'b', 'c'], (1, 2, 3)) =>\n" +" a, b, c, 1, 2, 3" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:794 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.islice(iter, [start], stop, [step]) ` " +"returns a stream that's a slice of the iterator. With a single *stop* " +"argument, it will return the first *stop* elements. If you supply a " +"starting index, you'll get *stop-start* elements, and if you supply a value " +"for *step*, elements will be skipped accordingly. Unlike Python's string " +"and list slicing, you can't use negative values for *start*, *stop*, or " +"*step*. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.islice(iter, [start], stop, [step]) ` " +"返回一个所输入的迭代器切片的数据流。如果只单独给定 *stop* 参数的话，它会返回从起始算起 *stop* 个数量的元素。如果你提供了起始下标 " +"*start*，你会得到 *stop-start* 个元素；如果你给定了 *step* 参数，数据流会跳过相应的元素。和 Python " +"里的字符串和列表切片不同，你不能在 *start*, *stop* 或者 *step* 这些参数中使用负数。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:801 +msgid "" +"itertools.islice(range(10), 8) =>\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7\n" +"itertools.islice(range(10), 2, 8) =>\n" +" 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7\n" +"itertools.islice(range(10), 2, 8, 2) =>\n" +" 2, 4, 6" +msgstr "" +"itertools.islice(range(10), 8) =>\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7\n" +"itertools.islice(range(10), 2, 8) =>\n" +" 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7\n" +"itertools.islice(range(10), 2, 8, 2) =>\n" +" 2, 4, 6" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:808 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.tee(iter, [n]) ` replicates an iterator; it " +"returns *n* independent iterators that will all return the contents of the " +"source iterator. If you don't supply a value for *n*, the default is 2. " +"Replicating iterators requires saving some of the contents of the source " +"iterator, so this can consume significant memory if the iterator is large " +"and one of the new iterators is consumed more than the others. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.tee(iter, [n]) ` 可以复制一个迭代器；它返回 *n* " +"个能够返回源迭代器内容的独立迭代器。如果你不提供参数 *n*，默认值为 " +"2。复制迭代器需要保存源迭代器的一部分内容，因此在源迭代器比较大的时候会显著地占用内存；同时，在所有新迭代器中，有一个迭代器会比其他迭代器占用更多的内存。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:816 +msgid "" +"itertools.tee( itertools.count() ) =>\n" +" iterA, iterB\n" +"\n" +"where iterA ->\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ...\n" +"\n" +"and iterB ->\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ..." +msgstr "" +"itertools.tee( itertools.count() ) =>\n" +" iterA, iterB\n" +"\n" +"where iterA ->\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ...\n" +"\n" +"and iterB ->\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ..." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:827 +msgid "Calling functions on elements" +msgstr "对元素使用函数" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:829 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`operator` module contains a set of functions corresponding to " +"Python's operators. Some examples are :func:`operator.add(a, b) " +"` (adds two values), :func:`operator.ne(a, b) ` " +"(same as ``a != b``), and :func:`operator.attrgetter('id') " +"` (returns a callable that fetches the ``.id`` " +"attribute)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`operator` 模块包含一组对应于 Python 操作符的函数。比如 :func:`operator.add(a, b) " +"` （把两个数加起来），:func:`operator.ne(a, b) ` （和 ``a !=" +" b`` 相同），以及 :func:`operator.attrgetter('id') ` （返回获取 " +"``.id`` 属性的可调用对象）。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:835 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.starmap(func, iter) ` assumes that the " +"iterable will return a stream of tuples, and calls *func* using these tuples" +" as the arguments::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.starmap(func, iter) ` " +"假定可迭代对象能够返回一个元组的流，并且利用这些元组作为参数来调用 *func*::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:839 +msgid "" +"itertools.starmap(os.path.join,\n" +" [('/bin', 'python'), ('/usr', 'bin', 'java'),\n" +" ('/usr', 'bin', 'perl'), ('/usr', 'bin', 'ruby')])\n" +"=>\n" +" /bin/python, /usr/bin/java, /usr/bin/perl, /usr/bin/ruby" +msgstr "" +"itertools.starmap(os.path.join,\n" +" [('/bin', 'python'), ('/usr', 'bin', 'java'),\n" +" ('/usr', 'bin', 'perl'), ('/usr', 'bin', 'ruby')])\n" +"=>\n" +" /bin/python, /usr/bin/java, /usr/bin/perl, /usr/bin/ruby" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:847 +msgid "Selecting elements" +msgstr "选择元素" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:849 +msgid "" +"Another group of functions chooses a subset of an iterator's elements based " +"on a predicate." +msgstr "另外一系列函数根据谓词选取一个迭代器中元素的子集。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:852 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.filterfalse(predicate, iter) ` is " +"the opposite of :func:`filter`, returning all elements for which the " +"predicate returns false::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.filterfalse(predicate, iter) ` 和 " +":func:`filter` 相反，返回所有让 predicate 返回 false 的元素::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:856 +msgid "" +"itertools.filterfalse(is_even, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, ..." +msgstr "" +"itertools.filterfalse(is_even, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, ..." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:859 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.takewhile(predicate, iter) ` returns " +"elements for as long as the predicate returns true. Once the predicate " +"returns false, the iterator will signal the end of its results. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.takewhile(predicate, iter) ` 返回一直让 " +"predicate 返回 true 的元素。一旦 predicate 返回 false，迭代器就会发出终止结果的信号。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:863 +msgid "" +"def less_than_10(x):\n" +" return x < 10\n" +"\n" +"itertools.takewhile(less_than_10, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\n" +"\n" +"itertools.takewhile(is_even, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 0" +msgstr "" +"def less_than_10(x):\n" +" return x < 10\n" +"\n" +"itertools.takewhile(less_than_10, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\n" +"\n" +"itertools.takewhile(is_even, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 0" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:872 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.dropwhile(predicate, iter) ` discards " +"elements while the predicate returns true, and then returns the rest of the " +"iterable's results. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.dropwhile(predicate, iter) ` 在 " +"predicate 返回 true 的时候丢弃元素，并且返回可迭代对象的剩余结果。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:876 +msgid "" +"itertools.dropwhile(less_than_10, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ...\n" +"\n" +"itertools.dropwhile(is_even, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..." +msgstr "" +"itertools.dropwhile(less_than_10, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ...\n" +"\n" +"itertools.dropwhile(is_even, itertools.count()) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:882 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.compress(data, selectors) ` takes two " +"iterators and returns only those elements of *data* for which the " +"corresponding element of *selectors* is true, stopping whenever either one " +"is exhausted::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.compress(data, selectors) ` " +"接受两个迭代器，然后返回 *data* 中使相应地 *selector* 中的元素为真的元素；它会在任一个迭代器耗尽的时候停止::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:886 +msgid "" +"itertools.compress([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [True, True, False, False, True]) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 5" +msgstr "" +"itertools.compress([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [True, True, False, False, True]) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 5" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:891 +msgid "Combinatoric functions" +msgstr "组合函数" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:893 +msgid "" +"The :func:`itertools.combinations(iterable, r) ` " +"returns an iterator giving all possible *r*-tuple combinations of the " +"elements contained in *iterable*. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.combinations(iterable, r) ` " +"返回一个迭代器，它能给出输入迭代器中所包含的元素的所有可能的 *r* 元元组的组合。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:897 +msgid "" +"itertools.combinations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2) =>\n" +" (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),\n" +" (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),\n" +" (3, 4), (3, 5),\n" +" (4, 5)\n" +"\n" +"itertools.combinations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 3) =>\n" +" (1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), (1, 4, 5),\n" +" (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 5), (2, 4, 5),\n" +" (3, 4, 5)" +msgstr "" +"itertools.combinations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2) =>\n" +" (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),\n" +" (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),\n" +" (3, 4), (3, 5),\n" +" (4, 5)\n" +"\n" +"itertools.combinations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 3) =>\n" +" (1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), (1, 4, 5),\n" +" (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 5), (2, 4, 5),\n" +" (3, 4, 5)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:908 +msgid "" +"The elements within each tuple remain in the same order as *iterable* " +"returned them. For example, the number 1 is always before 2, 3, 4, or 5 in " +"the examples above. A similar function, " +":func:`itertools.permutations(iterable, r=None) `, " +"removes this constraint on the order, returning all possible arrangements of" +" length *r*::" +msgstr "" +"每个元组中的元素保持着 *可迭代对象* 返回他们的顺序。例如，在上面的例子中数字 1 总是会在 2, 3, 4 或 5 " +"前面。一个类似的函数，:func:`itertools.permutations(iterable, r=None) " +"`，取消了保持顺序的限制，返回所有可能的长度为 *r* 的排列::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:915 +msgid "" +"itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2) =>\n" +" (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),\n" +" (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),\n" +" (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 5),\n" +" (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5),\n" +" (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)\n" +"\n" +"itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) =>\n" +" (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3, 5, 4), (1, 2, 4, 3, 5),\n" +" ...\n" +" (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)" +msgstr "" +"itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2) =>\n" +" (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),\n" +" (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),\n" +" (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 5),\n" +" (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5),\n" +" (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)\n" +"\n" +"itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) =>\n" +" (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3, 5, 4), (1, 2, 4, 3, 5),\n" +" ...\n" +" (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:927 +msgid "" +"If you don't supply a value for *r* the length of the iterable is used, " +"meaning that all the elements are permuted." +msgstr "如果你不提供 *r* 参数的值，它会使用可迭代对象的长度，也就是说会排列所有的元素。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:930 +msgid "" +"Note that these functions produce all of the possible combinations by " +"position and don't require that the contents of *iterable* are unique::" +msgstr "注意这些函数会输出所有可能的位置组合，并不要求 *可迭代对象* 的内容不重复::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:933 +msgid "" +"itertools.permutations('aba', 3) =>\n" +" ('a', 'b', 'a'), ('a', 'a', 'b'), ('b', 'a', 'a'),\n" +" ('b', 'a', 'a'), ('a', 'a', 'b'), ('a', 'b', 'a')" +msgstr "" +"itertools.permutations('aba', 3) =>\n" +" ('a', 'b', 'a'), ('a', 'a', 'b'), ('b', 'a', 'a'),\n" +" ('b', 'a', 'a'), ('a', 'a', 'b'), ('a', 'b', 'a')" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:937 +msgid "" +"The identical tuple ``('a', 'a', 'b')`` occurs twice, but the two 'a' " +"strings came from different positions." +msgstr "同一个元组 ``('a', 'a', 'b')`` 出现了两次，但是两个 'a' 字符来自不同的位置。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:940 +msgid "" +"The :func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement(iterable, r) " +"` function relaxes a different " +"constraint: elements can be repeated within a single tuple. Conceptually an" +" element is selected for the first position of each tuple and then is " +"replaced before the second element is selected. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement(iterable, r) " +"` " +"函数放松了一个不同的限制：元组中的元素可以重复。从概念讲，为每个元组第一个位置选取一个元素，然后在选择第二个元素前替换掉它。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:946 +msgid "" +"itertools.combinations_with_replacement([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2) =>\n" +" (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),\n" +" (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),\n" +" (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5),\n" +" (4, 4), (4, 5),\n" +" (5, 5)" +msgstr "" +"itertools.combinations_with_replacement([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2) =>\n" +" (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),\n" +" (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),\n" +" (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5),\n" +" (4, 4), (4, 5),\n" +" (5, 5)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:955 +msgid "Grouping elements" +msgstr "为元素分组" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:957 +msgid "" +"The last function I'll discuss, :func:`itertools.groupby(iter, " +"key_func=None) `, is the most complicated. " +"``key_func(elem)`` is a function that can compute a key value for each " +"element returned by the iterable. If you don't supply a key function, the " +"key is simply each element itself." +msgstr "" +"我要讨论的最后一个函数，:func:`itertools.groupby(iter,key_func=None) " +"`，是最复杂的函数。 ``key_func(elem)`` 是一个可以对迭代器返回的每个元素计算键值的函数。 " +"如果你不提供这个键值函数，它就会简化成每个元素自身。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:962 +msgid "" +":func:`~itertools.groupby` collects all the consecutive elements from the " +"underlying iterable that have the same key value, and returns a stream of " +"2-tuples containing a key value and an iterator for the elements with that " +"key." +msgstr "" +":func:`~itertools.groupby` 从所依据的可迭代对象中连续地收集具有相同值的元素，然后返回一个长度为2的元组的数据流, " +"每个元组包含键值以及对应这个键值的元素所组成的迭代器。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:968 +msgid "" +"city_list = [('Decatur', 'AL'), ('Huntsville', 'AL'), ('Selma', 'AL'),\n" +" ('Anchorage', 'AK'), ('Nome', 'AK'),\n" +" ('Flagstaff', 'AZ'), ('Phoenix', 'AZ'), ('Tucson', 'AZ'),\n" +" ...\n" +" ]\n" +"\n" +"def get_state(city_state):\n" +" return city_state[1]\n" +"\n" +"itertools.groupby(city_list, get_state) =>\n" +" ('AL', iterator-1),\n" +" ('AK', iterator-2),\n" +" ('AZ', iterator-3), ...\n" +"\n" +"where\n" +"iterator-1 =>\n" +" ('Decatur', 'AL'), ('Huntsville', 'AL'), ('Selma', 'AL')\n" +"iterator-2 =>\n" +" ('Anchorage', 'AK'), ('Nome', 'AK')\n" +"iterator-3 =>\n" +" ('Flagstaff', 'AZ'), ('Phoenix', 'AZ'), ('Tucson', 'AZ')" +msgstr "" +"city_list = [('Decatur', 'AL'), ('Huntsville', 'AL'), ('Selma', 'AL'),\n" +" ('Anchorage', 'AK'), ('Nome', 'AK'),\n" +" ('Flagstaff', 'AZ'), ('Phoenix', 'AZ'), ('Tucson', 'AZ'),\n" +" ...\n" +" ]\n" +"\n" +"def get_state(city_state):\n" +" return city_state[1]\n" +"\n" +"itertools.groupby(city_list, get_state) =>\n" +" ('AL', iterator-1),\n" +" ('AK', iterator-2),\n" +" ('AZ', iterator-3), ...\n" +"\n" +"where\n" +"iterator-1 =>\n" +" ('Decatur', 'AL'), ('Huntsville', 'AL'), ('Selma', 'AL')\n" +"iterator-2 =>\n" +" ('Anchorage', 'AK'), ('Nome', 'AK')\n" +"iterator-3 =>\n" +" ('Flagstaff', 'AZ'), ('Phoenix', 'AZ'), ('Tucson', 'AZ')" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:990 +msgid "" +":func:`~itertools.groupby` assumes that the underlying iterable's contents " +"will already be sorted based on the key. Note that the returned iterators " +"also use the underlying iterable, so you have to consume the results of " +"iterator-1 before requesting iterator-2 and its corresponding key." +msgstr "" +":func:`~itertools.groupby` " +"假定了所依据的可迭代对象的内容已经根据键值排序。注意，返回的迭代器也会使用所依据的可迭代对象，所以在请求迭代器 2和相应的键之前你必须先消耗迭代器 1 " +"的结果。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:997 +msgid "The functools module" +msgstr "functools 模块" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:999 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`functools` module contains some higher-order functions. A " +"**higher-order function** takes one or more functions as input and returns a" +" new function. The most useful tool in this module is the " +":func:`functools.partial` function." +msgstr "" +":mod:`functools` 模块包含一些高阶函数。 **高阶函数** 接受一个或多个函数作为输入并返回一个新的函数。 这个模块中最有用的工具是 " +":func:`functools.partial` 函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"For programs written in a functional style, you'll sometimes want to " +"construct variants of existing functions that have some of the parameters " +"filled in. Consider a Python function ``f(a, b, c)``; you may wish to create" +" a new function ``g(b, c)`` that's equivalent to ``f(1, b, c)``; you're " +"filling in a value for one of ``f()``'s parameters. This is called " +"\"partial function application\"." +msgstr "" +"对于用函数式风格编写的程序，有时你会希望通过给定部分参数，将已有的函数构变形称新的函数。考虑一个 Python 函数 ``f(a, b, " +"c)``；你希望创建一个和 ``f(1, b, c)`` 等价的新函数 ``g(b, c)``；也就是说你给定了 ``f()`` " +"的一个参数的值。这就是所谓的“部分函数应用”。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"The constructor for :func:`~functools.partial` takes the arguments " +"``(function, arg1, arg2, ..., kwarg1=value1, kwarg2=value2)``. The " +"resulting object is callable, so you can just call it to invoke ``function``" +" with the filled-in arguments." +msgstr "" +":func:`~functools.partial` 接受参数 ``(function, arg1, arg2, ..., kwarg1=value1," +" kwarg2=value2)``。它会返回一个可调用的对象，所以你能够直接调用这个结果以使用给定参数的 ``function``。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1015 +msgid "Here's a small but realistic example::" +msgstr "这里有一个很小但很现实的例子::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"def log(message, subsystem):\n" +" \"\"\"Write the contents of 'message' to the specified subsystem.\"\"\"\n" +" print('%s: %s' % (subsystem, message))\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"server_log = functools.partial(log, subsystem='server')\n" +"server_log('Unable to open socket')" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"def log(message, subsystem):\n" +" \"\"\"将 'message' 的内容写到指定的子系统。\"\"\"\n" +" print('%s: %s' % (subsystem, message))\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"server_log = functools.partial(log, subsystem='server')\n" +"server_log('Unable to open socket')" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1027 +msgid "" +":func:`functools.reduce(func, iter, [initial_value]) ` " +"cumulatively performs an operation on all the iterable's elements and, " +"therefore, can't be applied to infinite iterables. *func* must be a function" +" that takes two elements and returns a single value. " +":func:`functools.reduce` takes the first two elements A and B returned by " +"the iterator and calculates ``func(A, B)``. It then requests the third " +"element, C, calculates ``func(func(A, B), C)``, combines this result with " +"the fourth element returned, and continues until the iterable is exhausted." +" If the iterable returns no values at all, a :exc:`TypeError` exception is " +"raised. If the initial value is supplied, it's used as a starting point and" +" ``func(initial_value, A)`` is the first calculation. ::" +msgstr "" +":func:`functools.reduce(func, iter, [initial_value]) ` " +"持续地在可迭代对象的所有元素上执行操作，因此它不能够用在无限的可迭代对象上。*func* " +"必须是一个接受两个元素并返回一个值的函数。:func:`functools.reduce` 接受迭代器返回的前两个元素 A 和 B 并计算 " +"``func(A, B)`` 。然后它会请求第三个元素，C，计算 ``func(func(A, B), " +"C)``，然后把这个结果再和第四个元素组合并返回，如此继续下去直到消耗整个可迭代对象。如果输入的可迭代对象完全不返回任何值，:exc:`TypeError`" +" 异常就会抛出。如果提供了初值(initial value)，它会被用作起始值，也就是先计算 ``func(initial_value, A)`` " +"。::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1039 +msgid "" +">>> import operator, functools\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.concat, ['A', 'BB', 'C'])\n" +"'ABBC'\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.concat, [])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.mul, [1, 2, 3], 1)\n" +"6\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.mul, [], 1)\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> import operator, functools\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.concat, ['A', 'BB', 'C'])\n" +"'ABBC'\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.concat, [])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.mul, [1, 2, 3], 1)\n" +"6\n" +">>> functools.reduce(operator.mul, [], 1)\n" +"1" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"If you use :func:`operator.add` with :func:`functools.reduce`, you'll add up" +" all the elements of the iterable. This case is so common that there's a " +"special built-in called :func:`sum` to compute it:" +msgstr "" +"如果你在 :func:`functools.reduce` 中使用 " +":func:`operator.add`，你就会把可迭代对象中的所有元素加起来.这种情况非常常见, 所以 Python 有一个特殊的内置函数 " +":func:`sum`:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1063 +msgid "" +"For many uses of :func:`functools.reduce`, though, it can be clearer to just" +" write the obvious :keyword:`for` loop::" +msgstr "" +"不过, 对于很多使用 :func:`functools.reduce` 的情形, 使用明显的 :keyword:`for` 循环会更清晰::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1066 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"# Instead of:\n" +"product = functools.reduce(operator.mul, [1, 2, 3], 1)\n" +"\n" +"# You can write:\n" +"product = 1\n" +"for i in [1, 2, 3]:\n" +" product *= i" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"# 作为以下语句的替代：\n" +"product = functools.reduce(operator.mul, [1, 2, 3], 1)\n" +"\n" +"# 你可以这样写：\n" +"product = 1\n" +"for i in [1, 2, 3]:\n" +" product *= i" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1075 +msgid "" +"A related function is :func:`itertools.accumulate(iterable, " +"func=operator.add) `. It performs the same " +"calculation, but instead of returning only the final result, " +":func:`~itertools.accumulate` returns an iterator that also yields each " +"partial result::" +msgstr "" +"一个相关的函数是 :func:`itertools.accumulate(iterable, func=operator.add) " +"`。 它执行同样的计算，但 :func:`~itertools.accumulate` " +"不是仅仅返回最终结果，而是返回一个会产生每个部分结果的迭代器::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"itertools.accumulate([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) =>\n" +" 1, 3, 6, 10, 15\n" +"\n" +"itertools.accumulate([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], operator.mul) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 6, 24, 120" +msgstr "" +"itertools.accumulate([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) =>\n" +" 1, 3, 6, 10, 15\n" +"\n" +"itertools.accumulate([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], operator.mul) =>\n" +" 1, 2, 6, 24, 120" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1088 +msgid "The operator module" +msgstr "operator 模块" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`operator` module was mentioned earlier. It contains a set of " +"functions corresponding to Python's operators. These functions are often " +"useful in functional-style code because they save you from writing trivial " +"functions that perform a single operation." +msgstr "" +"前面已经提到了 :mod:`operator` 模块。它包含一系列对应于 Python " +"操作符的函数。在函数式风格的代码中，这些函数通常很有用，可以帮你省下不少时间，避免写一些琐碎的仅仅执行一个简单操作的函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1095 +msgid "Some of the functions in this module are:" +msgstr "这个模块里的一些函数：" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"Math operations: ``add()``, ``sub()``, ``mul()``, ``floordiv()``, ``abs()``," +" ..." +msgstr "数学运算： ``add()``，``sub()``，``mul()``，``floordiv()``，``abs()``， ..." + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1098 +msgid "Logical operations: ``not_()``, ``truth()``." +msgstr "逻辑运算： ``not_()``，``truth()``。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1099 +msgid "Bitwise operations: ``and_()``, ``or_()``, ``invert()``." +msgstr "位运算： ``and_()``，``or_()``，``invert()``。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"Comparisons: ``eq()``, ``ne()``, ``lt()``, ``le()``, ``gt()``, and ``ge()``." +msgstr "比较： ``eq()``，``ne()``，``lt()``，``le()``，``gt()``，和 ``ge()``。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1101 +msgid "Object identity: ``is_()``, ``is_not()``." +msgstr "确认对象： ``is_()``，``is_not()``。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1103 +msgid "Consult the operator module's documentation for a complete list." +msgstr "全部函数列表可以参考 operator 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1107 +msgid "Small functions and the lambda expression" +msgstr "小函数和 lambda 表达式" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"When writing functional-style programs, you'll often need little functions " +"that act as predicates or that combine elements in some way." +msgstr "编写函数式风格程序时，你会经常需要很小的函数，作为谓词函数或者以某种方式来组合元素。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1112 +msgid "" +"If there's a Python built-in or a module function that's suitable, you don't" +" need to define a new function at all::" +msgstr "如果合适的 Python 内置的或者其他模块中的函数，你就一点也不需要定义新的函数::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"stripped_lines = [line.strip() for line in lines]\n" +"existing_files = filter(os.path.exists, file_list)" +msgstr "" +"stripped_lines = [line.strip() for line in lines]\n" +"existing_files = filter(os.path.exists, file_list)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1118 +msgid "" +"If the function you need doesn't exist, you need to write it. One way to " +"write small functions is to use the :keyword:`lambda` expression. " +"``lambda`` takes a number of parameters and an expression combining these " +"parameters, and creates an anonymous function that returns the value of the " +"expression::" +msgstr "" +"如果不存在你需要的函数，你就必须自己编写。一个编写小函数的方式是使用 :keyword:`lambda` 表达式。``lambda`` " +"接受一组参数以及组合这些参数的表达式，它会创建一个返回表达式值的匿名函数::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1123 +msgid "" +"adder = lambda x, y: x+y\n" +"\n" +"print_assign = lambda name, value: name + '=' + str(value)" +msgstr "" +"adder = lambda x, y: x+y\n" +"\n" +"print_assign = lambda name, value: name + '=' + str(value)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"An alternative is to just use the ``def`` statement and define a function in" +" the usual way::" +msgstr "另一种替代方案就是通常的使用 ``def`` 语句来定义函数::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"def adder(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +"def print_assign(name, value):\n" +" return name + '=' + str(value)" +msgstr "" +"def adder(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +"def print_assign(name, value):\n" +" return name + '=' + str(value)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"Which alternative is preferable? That's a style question; my usual course " +"is to avoid using ``lambda``." +msgstr "哪一种更受青睐呢？这是一个风格问题；我通常的做法是避免使用 ``lambda``。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"One reason for my preference is that ``lambda`` is quite limited in the " +"functions it can define. The result has to be computable as a single " +"expression, which means you can't have multiway ``if... elif... else`` " +"comparisons or ``try... except`` statements. If you try to do too much in a" +" ``lambda`` statement, you'll end up with an overly complicated expression " +"that's hard to read. Quick, what's the following code doing? ::" +msgstr "" +"我这么偏好的一个原因是，``lambda`` 能够定义的函数非常受限。函数的结果必须能够作为单独的表达式来计算，这意味着你不能使用多路 ``if... " +"elif... else`` 比较，或者 ``try... except`` 语句。如果你尝试在 ``lambda`` " +"语句中做太多事情，你最终会把表达式过于复杂以至于难以阅读。你能快速的说出下面的代码做了什么事情吗？::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1146 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"total = functools.reduce(lambda a, b: (0, a[1] + b[1]), items)[1]" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"total = functools.reduce(lambda a, b: (0, a[1] + b[1]), items)[1]" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1149 +msgid "" +"You can figure it out, but it takes time to disentangle the expression to " +"figure out what's going on. Using a short nested ``def`` statements makes " +"things a little bit better::" +msgstr "你可以弄明白，不过要花上时间来理清表达式来搞清楚发生了什么。使用一个简短的嵌套的 ``def`` 语句可以让情况变得更好::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"def combine(a, b):\n" +" return 0, a[1] + b[1]\n" +"\n" +"total = functools.reduce(combine, items)[1]" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"def combine(a, b):\n" +" return 0, a[1] + b[1]\n" +"\n" +"total = functools.reduce(combine, items)[1]" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1159 +msgid "But it would be best of all if I had simply used a ``for`` loop::" +msgstr "如果我仅仅使用一个 ``for`` 循环会更好::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"total = 0\n" +"for a, b in items:\n" +" total += b" +msgstr "" +"total = 0\n" +"for a, b in items:\n" +" total += b" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1165 +msgid "Or the :func:`sum` built-in and a generator expression::" +msgstr "或者使用内置的 :func:`sum` 和一个生成器表达式::" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1167 +msgid "total = sum(b for a, b in items)" +msgstr "total = sum(b for a, b in items)" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1169 +msgid "" +"Many uses of :func:`functools.reduce` are clearer when written as ``for`` " +"loops." +msgstr "许多使用 :func:`functools.reduce` 的情形可以更清晰地写成 ``for`` 循环的形式。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"Fredrik Lundh once suggested the following set of rules for refactoring uses" +" of ``lambda``:" +msgstr "Fredrik Lundh 曾经建议以下一组规则来重构 ``lambda`` 的使用:" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1174 +msgid "Write a lambda function." +msgstr "写一个 lambda 函数。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1175 +msgid "Write a comment explaining what the heck that lambda does." +msgstr "写一句注释来说明这个 lambda 究竟干了什么。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"Study the comment for a while, and think of a name that captures the essence" +" of the comment." +msgstr "研究一会这个注释，然后想出一个抓住注释本质的名字。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1178 +msgid "Convert the lambda to a def statement, using that name." +msgstr "用这个名字，把这个 lambda 改写成 def 语句。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1179 +msgid "Remove the comment." +msgstr "把注释去掉。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"I really like these rules, but you're free to disagree about whether this " +"lambda-free style is better." +msgstr "我非常喜欢这些规则，不过你完全有权利争辩这种消除 lambda 的风格是不是更好。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1186 +msgid "Revision History and Acknowledgements" +msgstr "修订记录和致谢" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1188 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article:" +" Ian Bicking, Nick Coghlan, Nick Efford, Raymond Hettinger, Jim Jewett, Mike" +" Krell, Leandro Lameiro, Jussi Salmela, Collin Winter, Blake Winton." +msgstr "" +"作者要感谢以下人员对本文各种草稿给予的建议，更正和协助：Ian Bicking,Nick Coghlan, Nick Efford, Raymond " +"Hettinger, Jim Jewett, Mike Krell,Leandro Lameiro, Jussi Salmela, Collin " +"Winter, Blake Winton。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1193 +msgid "Version 0.1: posted June 30 2006." +msgstr "0.1 版: 2006 年 6 月 30 日发布。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1195 +msgid "Version 0.11: posted July 1 2006. Typo fixes." +msgstr "0.11 版: 2006 年 7 月 1 日发布。 修正拼写错误。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"Version 0.2: posted July 10 2006. Merged genexp and listcomp sections into " +"one. Typo fixes." +msgstr "0.2 版: 2006 年 7 月 10 日发布。 将 genexp 与 listcomp 两节合二为一。 修正拼写错误。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1200 +msgid "" +"Version 0.21: Added more references suggested on the tutor mailing list." +msgstr "0.21 版: 加入了 tutor 邮件列表中建议的更多参考文件。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"Version 0.30: Adds a section on the ``functional`` module written by Collin " +"Winter; adds short section on the operator module; a few other edits." +msgstr "" +"0.30 版: 添加了有关 ``functional`` 模块的小节，由 Collin Winter 撰写；添加了有关 operator " +"模块的简短小节；其他少量修改。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1207 +msgid "References" +msgstr "参考文献" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1210 +msgid "General" +msgstr "通用文献" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1212 +msgid "" +"**Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs**, by Harold Abelson and" +" Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman. The book can be found at " +"https://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp. In this classic textbook of computer " +"science, chapters 2 and 3 discuss the use of sequences and streams to " +"organize the data flow inside a program. The book uses Scheme for its " +"examples, but many of the design approaches described in these chapters are " +"applicable to functional-style Python code." +msgstr "" +"**Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs**, Harold Abelson 和 " +"Gerald Jay Sussman 与 Julie Sussman 著。 该书可在 https://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp 获取。" +" 在这部计算机科学的经典教科书中，第 2 和第 3 章讨论了使用序列和流来组织程序内部的数据传递。 书中的示例使用了 Scheme " +"语言，但这些章节中介绍的许多设计理念同样适用于函数式风格的 Python 代码。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1220 +msgid "" +"https://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to " +"functional programming that uses Java examples and has a lengthy historical " +"introduction." +msgstr "" +"https://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: 一个使用 Java " +"示例并且具有详细的历史说明的函数式编程的总体介绍。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia " +"entry describing functional programming." +msgstr "" +"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: 一般性的函数式编程的 Wikipedia " +"条目。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1226 +msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: Entry for coroutines." +msgstr "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: 协程条目。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1228 +msgid "" +"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application: Entry for the concept of " +"partial function application." +msgstr "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application: 部分化函数应用相关概念的条目。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1230 +msgid "" +"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying." +msgstr "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: 函数柯里化条目。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1233 +msgid "Python-specific" +msgstr "Python 相关" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1235 +msgid "" +"https://gnosis.cx/TPiP/: The first chapter of David Mertz's book :title-" +"reference:`Text Processing in Python` discusses functional programming for " +"text processing, in the section titled \"Utilizing Higher-Order Functions in" +" Text Processing\"." +msgstr "" +"https://gnosis.cx/TPiP/: David Mertz 书中的第一章 :title-reference:`Text " +"Processing in Python` 中标题为 \"Utilizing Higher-Order Functions in Text " +"Processing\" 的小节讨论了针对文本处理的函数式编程。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"Mertz also wrote a 3-part series of articles on functional programming for " +"IBM's DeveloperWorks site; see `part 1 " +"`__, `part 2 " +"`__, and `part 3 " +"`__," +msgstr "" +"Mertz 还在 IBM 的 DeveloperWorks 站点上针对函数式编程撰写了一系列共 3 篇文章；参见 `part 1 " +"`__, `part 2 " +"`__ 和 `part 3 " +"`__," + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1248 +msgid "Python documentation" +msgstr "Python 文档" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1250 +msgid "Documentation for the :mod:`itertools` module." +msgstr ":mod:`itertools` 模块文档。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1252 +msgid "Documentation for the :mod:`functools` module." +msgstr ":mod:`functools` 模块文档。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1254 +msgid "Documentation for the :mod:`operator` module." +msgstr ":mod:`operator` 模块文档。" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1256 +msgid ":pep:`289`: \"Generator Expressions\"" +msgstr ":pep:`289`: \"Generator Expressions\"" + +#: ../../howto/functional.rst:1258 +msgid "" +":pep:`342`: \"Coroutines via Enhanced Generators\" describes the new " +"generator features in Python 2.5." +msgstr "" +":pep:`342`: \"Coroutines via Enhanced Generators\" 描述了 Python 2.5 中新的生成器特性。" diff --git a/howto/gdb_helpers.po b/howto/gdb_helpers.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0774d1665 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/gdb_helpers.po @@ -0,0 +1,914 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-06 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-02-25 01:11+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:5 +msgid "Debugging C API extensions and CPython Internals with GDB" +msgstr "使用 GDB 调试 C API 扩展和 CPython 内部代码" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This document explains how the Python GDB extension, ``python-gdb.py``, can " +"be used with the GDB debugger to debug CPython extensions and the CPython " +"interpreter itself." +msgstr "" +"本文档介绍了如何将 Python GDB 扩展 ``python-gdb.py`` 与 GDB 调试器一起使用以调试 CPython 扩展以及 " +"CPython 解释器本身。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:13 +msgid "" +"When debugging low-level problems such as crashes or deadlocks, a low-level " +"debugger, such as GDB, is useful to diagnose and correct the issue. By " +"default, GDB (or any of its front-ends) doesn't support high-level " +"information specific to the CPython interpreter." +msgstr "" +"当调试低层级问题如崩溃或死锁时，低层级的调试器如 GDB 适合被用来诊断和修正错误。 在默认情况下，GDB（或其任一种前端）并不支持 CPython " +"解释器专属的高层级信息。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The ``python-gdb.py`` extension adds CPython interpreter information to GDB." +" The extension helps introspect the stack of currently executing Python " +"functions. Given a Python object represented by a :c:expr:`PyObject *` " +"pointer, the extension surfaces the type and value of the object." +msgstr "" +"``python-gdb.py`` 扩展可向 GDB 添加 CPython 解释器信息。 该扩展能协助对当前执行的 Python 函数栈进行内省。 " +"当给定一个由 :c:expr:`PyObject *` 指针代表的 Python 对象时，该扩展将展示对象的类型和值。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Developers who are working on CPython extensions or tinkering with parts of " +"CPython that are written in C can use this document to learn how to use the " +"``python-gdb.py`` extension with GDB." +msgstr "" +"开发 CPython 扩展或处理 CPython 中用 C 语言编写的部分的开发人员可以通过本文档学习如何将 ``python-gdb.py`` 扩展与" +" GDB 一起使用。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:29 +msgid "" +"This document assumes that you are familiar with the basics of GDB and the " +"CPython C API. It consolidates guidance from the `devguide " +"`_ and the `Python wiki " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"本文档假定你已熟悉 GDB 和 CPython C API 的基础知识。 它对来自 `devguide " +"`_ 和 `Python wiki " +"`_ 的内容进行了整合。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:36 +msgid "Prerequisites" +msgstr "前提条件" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:38 +msgid "You need to have:" +msgstr "你需要有：" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:40 +msgid "" +"GDB 7 or later. (For earlier versions of GDB, see ``Misc/gdbinit`` in the " +"sources of Python 3.11 or earlier.)" +msgstr "" +"GDB 7 或更高的版本。 （对于较低版本的 GDB，请参阅 Python 3.11 或更低版本源代码中的 ``Misc/gdbinit``。）" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:42 +msgid "" +"GDB-compatible debugging information for Python and any extension you are " +"debugging." +msgstr "针对 Python 和你正在调试的任何扩展的 GDB 兼容调试信息。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:44 +msgid "The ``python-gdb.py`` extension." +msgstr "``python-gdb.py`` 扩展。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The extension is built with Python, but might be distributed separately or " +"not at all. Below, we include tips for a few common systems as examples. " +"Note that even if the instructions match your system, they might be " +"outdated." +msgstr "" +"此扩展与 Python 一起构建，但可能单独发布或根本不发布。 下面，我们将以几个常见系统为例进行说明。 " +"请注意即使这些说明与你的系统相匹配，它们也可能已经过时。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:52 +msgid "Setup with Python built from source" +msgstr "使用从源代码构建的 Python 进行设置" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:54 +msgid "" +"When you build CPython from source, debugging information should be " +"available, and the build should add a ``python-gdb.py`` file to the root " +"directory of your repository." +msgstr "" +"当你从源代码构建 CPython 时，调试信息应当是可用的，并且构建应当在你的代码库根目录中添加一个 ``python-gdb.py`` 文件。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:58 +msgid "" +"To activate support, you must add the directory containing ``python-gdb.py``" +" to GDB's \"auto-load-safe-path\". If you haven't done this, recent versions" +" of GDB will print out a warning with instructions on how to do this." +msgstr "" +"要激活支持，你必须将包含 ``python-gdb.py`` 的目录添加到 GDB 的 \"auto-load-safe-path\" " +"中。如果你没有这样做，较新版本的 GDB 会打印一个警告来说明如何执行此操作。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:65 +msgid "" +"If you do not see instructions for your version of GDB, put this in your " +"configuration file (``~/.gdbinit`` or ``~/.config/gdb/gdbinit``)::" +msgstr "" +"如果你没有看到针对你的 GDB 版本的说明，请将以下内容放到你的配置文件中 (``~/.gdbinit`` 或 " +"``~/.config/gdb/gdbinit``)::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:68 +msgid "add-auto-load-safe-path /path/to/cpython" +msgstr "add-auto-load-safe-path /path/to/cpython" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:70 +msgid "You can also add multiple paths, separated by ``:``." +msgstr "你还可以添加多个路径，以 ``:`` 分隔。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:74 +msgid "Setup for Python from a Linux distro" +msgstr "针对 Linux 发行版的 Python 设置" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Most Linux systems provide debug information for the system Python in a " +"package called ``python-debuginfo``, ``python-dbg`` or similar. For example:" +msgstr "" +"大多数 Linux 系统会在名为 ``python-debuginfo``、``python-dbg`` 或类似的包中提供系统 Python " +"的调试信息。 例如：" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:80 +msgid "Fedora:" +msgstr "Fedora：" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:82 +msgid "" +"sudo dnf install gdb\n" +"sudo dnf debuginfo-install python3" +msgstr "" +"sudo dnf install gdb\n" +"sudo dnf debuginfo-install python3" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:87 +msgid "Ubuntu:" +msgstr "Ubuntu：" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:89 +msgid "sudo apt install gdb python3-dbg" +msgstr "sudo apt install gdb python3-dbg" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:93 +msgid "" +"On several recent Linux systems, GDB can download debugging symbols " +"automatically using *debuginfod*. However, this will not install the " +"``python-gdb.py`` extension; you generally do need to install the debug info" +" package separately." +msgstr "" +"在一些最新的 Linux 系统上，GDB 可以使用 *debuginfod* 自动下载调试符号。 不过，这并不会安装 ``python-gdb.py``" +" 扩展；你通常需要单独安装调试信息包。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:100 +msgid "Using the Debug build and Development mode" +msgstr "使用调试构建和开发模式" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:102 +msgid "For easier debugging, you might want to:" +msgstr "为了方便调试，你可能需要：" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Use a :ref:`debug build ` of Python. (When building from " +"source, use ``configure --with-pydebug``. On Linux distros, install and run " +"a package like ``python-debug`` or ``python-dbg``, if available.)" +msgstr "" +"使用 Python 的 :ref:`调试构建版 `。 （当从源代码构建时，使用 ``configure --with-" +"pydebug``。 在 Linux 发行版上，安装并运行 ``python-debug`` 或 ``python-dbg`` 之类的包，如果有的话。）" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:107 +msgid "Use the runtime :ref:`development mode ` (``-X dev``)." +msgstr "使用运行时 :ref:`开发模式 ` (``-X dev``)。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Both enable extra assertions and disable some optimizations. Sometimes this " +"hides the bug you are trying to find, but in most cases they make the " +"process easier." +msgstr "两者都将启用额外的断言并禁用某些优化。 有时这会隐藏你想要查找的程序错误，但大多数情况下它们都能使调试过程更简单。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:115 +msgid "Using the ``python-gdb`` extension" +msgstr "使用 ``python-gdb`` 扩展" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:117 +msgid "" +"When the extension is loaded, it provides two main features: pretty printers" +" for Python values, and additional commands." +msgstr "当该扩展被加载时，它将提供两个主要特性：Python 值的美化打印，以及附加的命令。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:121 +msgid "Pretty-printers" +msgstr "美化打印" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:123 +msgid "" +"This is what a GDB backtrace looks like (truncated) when this extension is " +"enabled::" +msgstr "这是当此扩展被启用时 GDB 回溯信息的显示效果（截取部分）::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:126 +msgid "" +"#0 0x000000000041a6b1 in PyObject_Malloc (nbytes=Cannot access memory at address 0x7fffff7fefe8\n" +") at Objects/obmalloc.c:748\n" +"#1 0x000000000041b7c0 in _PyObject_DebugMallocApi (id=111 'o', nbytes=24) at Objects/obmalloc.c:1445\n" +"#2 0x000000000041b717 in _PyObject_DebugMalloc (nbytes=24) at Objects/obmalloc.c:1412\n" +"#3 0x000000000044060a in _PyUnicode_New (length=11) at Objects/unicodeobject.c:346\n" +"#4 0x00000000004466aa in PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUTF8Stateful (s=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\", size=11, errors=0x0, consumed=\n" +" 0x0) at Objects/unicodeobject.c:2531\n" +"#5 0x0000000000446647 in PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUTF8 (s=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\", size=11, errors=0x0)\n" +" at Objects/unicodeobject.c:2495\n" +"#6 0x0000000000440d1b in PyUnicodeUCS2_FromStringAndSize (u=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\", size=11)\n" +" at Objects/unicodeobject.c:551\n" +"#7 0x0000000000440d94 in PyUnicodeUCS2_FromString (u=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\") at Objects/unicodeobject.c:569\n" +"#8 0x0000000000584abd in PyDict_GetItemString (v=\n" +" {'Yuck': , '__builtins__': , '__file__': 'Lib/test/crashers/nasty_eq_vs_dict.py', '__package__': None, 'y': , 'dict': {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}, '__cached__': None, '__name__': '__main__', 'z': , '__doc__': None}, key=\n" +" 0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\") at Objects/dictobject.c:2171" +msgstr "" +"#0 0x000000000041a6b1 in PyObject_Malloc (nbytes=Cannot access memory at address 0x7fffff7fefe8\n" +") at Objects/obmalloc.c:748\n" +"#1 0x000000000041b7c0 in _PyObject_DebugMallocApi (id=111 'o', nbytes=24) at Objects/obmalloc.c:1445\n" +"#2 0x000000000041b717 in _PyObject_DebugMalloc (nbytes=24) at Objects/obmalloc.c:1412\n" +"#3 0x000000000044060a in _PyUnicode_New (length=11) at Objects/unicodeobject.c:346\n" +"#4 0x00000000004466aa in PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUTF8Stateful (s=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\", size=11, errors=0x0, consumed=\n" +" 0x0) at Objects/unicodeobject.c:2531\n" +"#5 0x0000000000446647 in PyUnicodeUCS2_DecodeUTF8 (s=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\", size=11, errors=0x0)\n" +" at Objects/unicodeobject.c:2495\n" +"#6 0x0000000000440d1b in PyUnicodeUCS2_FromStringAndSize (u=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\", size=11)\n" +" at Objects/unicodeobject.c:551\n" +"#7 0x0000000000440d94 in PyUnicodeUCS2_FromString (u=0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\") at Objects/unicodeobject.c:569\n" +"#8 0x0000000000584abd in PyDict_GetItemString (v=\n" +" {'Yuck': , '__builtins__': , '__file__': 'Lib/test/crashers/nasty_eq_vs_dict.py', '__package__': None, 'y': , 'dict': {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}, '__cached__': None, '__name__': '__main__', 'z': , '__doc__': None}, key=\n" +" 0x5c2b8d \"__lltrace__\") at Objects/dictobject.c:2171" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Notice how the dictionary argument to ``PyDict_GetItemString`` is displayed " +"as its ``repr()``, rather than an opaque ``PyObject *`` pointer." +msgstr "" +"请注意传给 ``PyDict_GetItemString`` 的字典参数被显示为其 ``repr()``，而非不透明的 ``PyObject *`` " +"指针。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The extension works by supplying a custom printing routine for values of " +"type ``PyObject *``. If you need to access lower-level details of an " +"object, then cast the value to a pointer of the appropriate type. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"该扩展通过为类型 ``PyObject *`` 的值提供自定义的打印例程来发挥作用。 " +"如果你需要访问一个对象的低层级细节，则要将原值投射为适当类型的指针。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:149 +msgid "" +"(gdb) p globals\n" +"$1 = {'__builtins__': , '__name__':\n" +"'__main__', 'ctypes': , '__doc__': None,\n" +"'__package__': None}\n" +"\n" +"(gdb) p *(PyDictObject*)globals\n" +"$2 = {ob_refcnt = 3, ob_type = 0x3dbdf85820, ma_fill = 5, ma_used = 5,\n" +"ma_mask = 7, ma_table = 0x63d0f8, ma_lookup = 0x3dbdc7ea70\n" +", ma_smalltable = {{me_hash = 7065186196740147912,\n" +"me_key = '__builtins__', me_value = },\n" +"{me_hash = -368181376027291943, me_key = '__name__',\n" +"me_value ='__main__'}, {me_hash = 0, me_key = 0x0, me_value = 0x0},\n" +"{me_hash = 0, me_key = 0x0, me_value = 0x0},\n" +"{me_hash = -9177857982131165996, me_key = 'ctypes',\n" +"me_value = },\n" +"{me_hash = -8518757509529533123, me_key = '__doc__', me_value = None},\n" +"{me_hash = 0, me_key = 0x0, me_value = 0x0}, {\n" +" me_hash = 6614918939584953775, me_key = '__package__', me_value = None}}}" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) p globals\n" +"$1 = {'__builtins__': , '__name__':\n" +"'__main__', 'ctypes': , '__doc__': None,\n" +"'__package__': None}\n" +"\n" +"(gdb) p *(PyDictObject*)globals\n" +"$2 = {ob_refcnt = 3, ob_type = 0x3dbdf85820, ma_fill = 5, ma_used = 5,\n" +"ma_mask = 7, ma_table = 0x63d0f8, ma_lookup = 0x3dbdc7ea70\n" +", ma_smalltable = {{me_hash = 7065186196740147912,\n" +"me_key = '__builtins__', me_value = },\n" +"{me_hash = -368181376027291943, me_key = '__name__',\n" +"me_value ='__main__'}, {me_hash = 0, me_key = 0x0, me_value = 0x0},\n" +"{me_hash = 0, me_key = 0x0, me_value = 0x0},\n" +"{me_hash = -9177857982131165996, me_key = 'ctypes',\n" +"me_value = },\n" +"{me_hash = -8518757509529533123, me_key = '__doc__', me_value = None},\n" +"{me_hash = 0, me_key = 0x0, me_value = 0x0}, {\n" +" me_hash = 6614918939584953775, me_key = '__package__', me_value = None}}}" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Note that the pretty-printers do not actually call ``repr()``. For basic " +"types, they try to match its result closely." +msgstr "请注意美化打印并不会实际调用 ``repr()``。 对于基本类型，它将尝试尽量匹配其结果。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:171 +msgid "" +"An area that can be confusing is that the custom printer for some types look" +" a lot like GDB's built-in printer for standard types. For example, the " +"pretty-printer for a Python ``int`` (:c:expr:`PyLongObject *`) gives a " +"representation that is not distinguishable from one of a regular machine-" +"level integer::" +msgstr "" +"一个可能令人困惑的地方是某些类型的自定义打印效果很像是 GDB 针对标准类型的内置打印形式。 例如，针对 Python ``int`` " +"(:c:expr:`PyLongObject *`) 的美化打印表示形式与机器层级上常规的整数并无区别::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:177 +msgid "" +"(gdb) p some_machine_integer\n" +"$3 = 42\n" +"\n" +"(gdb) p some_python_integer\n" +"$4 = 42" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) p some_machine_integer\n" +"$3 = 42\n" +"\n" +"(gdb) p some_python_integer\n" +"$4 = 42" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:183 +msgid "" +"The internal structure can be revealed with a cast to :c:expr:`PyLongObject " +"*`::" +msgstr "内部结构可通过投射到 :c:expr:`PyLongObject *` 来揭示::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:185 +msgid "" +"(gdb) p *(PyLongObject*)some_python_integer\n" +"$5 = {ob_base = {ob_base = {ob_refcnt = 8, ob_type = 0x3dad39f5e0}, ob_size = 1},\n" +"ob_digit = {42}}" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) p *(PyLongObject*)some_python_integer\n" +"$5 = {ob_base = {ob_base = {ob_refcnt = 8, ob_type = 0x3dad39f5e0}, ob_size = 1},\n" +"ob_digit = {42}}" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:189 +msgid "" +"A similar confusion can arise with the ``str`` type, where the output looks " +"a lot like gdb's built-in printer for ``char *``::" +msgstr "类似的困惑也可能发生于 ``str`` 类型，这里的输出看起来很像 gdb 针对 ``char *`` 的内置打印形式::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:192 +msgid "" +"(gdb) p ptr_to_python_str\n" +"$6 = '__builtins__'" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) p ptr_to_python_str\n" +"$6 = '__builtins__'" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The pretty-printer for ``str`` instances defaults to using single-quotes (as" +" does Python's ``repr`` for strings) whereas the standard printer for ``char" +" *`` values uses double-quotes and contains a hexadecimal address::" +msgstr "" +"针对 ``str`` 实例的美化打印默认使用单引号（就像 Python 字符串的 ``repr`` 一样）而针对 ``char *`` " +"值的标准打印形式使用双引号并且包含一个十六进制的地址::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:199 +msgid "" +"(gdb) p ptr_to_char_star\n" +"$7 = 0x6d72c0 \"hello world\"" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) p ptr_to_char_star\n" +"$7 = 0x6d72c0 \"hello world\"" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:202 +msgid "" +"Again, the implementation details can be revealed with a cast to " +":c:expr:`PyUnicodeObject *`::" +msgstr "同样地，该实现细节可通过投射为 :c:expr:`PyUnicodeObject *` 来显示::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:205 +msgid "" +"(gdb) p *(PyUnicodeObject*)$6\n" +"$8 = {ob_base = {ob_refcnt = 33, ob_type = 0x3dad3a95a0}, length = 12,\n" +"str = 0x7ffff2128500, hash = 7065186196740147912, state = 1, defenc = 0x0}" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) p *(PyUnicodeObject*)$6\n" +"$8 = {ob_base = {ob_refcnt = 33, ob_type = 0x3dad3a95a0}, length = 12,\n" +"str = 0x7ffff2128500, hash = 7065186196740147912, state = 1, defenc = 0x0}" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:210 +msgid "``py-list``" +msgstr "``py-list``" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:212 +msgid "" +"The extension adds a ``py-list`` command, which lists the Python source code" +" (if any) for the current frame in the selected thread. The current line is" +" marked with a \">\"::" +msgstr "" +"该扩展添加了一个 ``py-list`` 命令，它将列出选定的线程中当前帧的 Python 源代码（如果存在）。 当前行将以一个 \">\" 来标记::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:216 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-list\n" +" 901 if options.profile:\n" +" 902 options.profile = False\n" +" 903 profile_me()\n" +" 904 return\n" +" 905\n" +">906 u = UI()\n" +" 907 if not u.quit:\n" +" 908 try:\n" +" 909 gtk.main()\n" +" 910 except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" 911 # properly quit on a keyboard interrupt..." +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-list\n" +" 901 if options.profile:\n" +" 902 options.profile = False\n" +" 903 profile_me()\n" +" 904 return\n" +" 905\n" +">906 u = UI()\n" +" 907 if not u.quit:\n" +" 908 try:\n" +" 909 gtk.main()\n" +" 910 except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" 911 # properly quit on a keyboard interrupt..." + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Use ``py-list START`` to list at a different line number within the Python " +"source, and ``py-list START,END`` to list a specific range of lines within " +"the Python source." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``py-list START`` 从不同的行号开始列出 Python 源代码，而 ``py-list START,END`` " +"则从列出指定行范围内的 Python 源代码。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:234 +msgid "``py-up`` and ``py-down``" +msgstr "``py-up`` 和 ``py-down``" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:236 +msgid "" +"The ``py-up`` and ``py-down`` commands are analogous to GDB's regular ``up``" +" and ``down`` commands, but try to move at the level of CPython frames, " +"rather than C frames." +msgstr "" +"``py-up`` 和 ``py-down`` 命令类似于 GDB 的常规 ``up`` 和 ``down`` 命令，但会尝试在 CPython " +"帧而不是 C 帧的层级上移动。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:240 +msgid "" +"GDB is not always able to read the relevant frame information, depending on " +"the optimization level with which CPython was compiled. Internally, the " +"commands look for C frames that are executing the default frame evaluation " +"function (that is, the core bytecode interpreter loop within CPython) and " +"look up the value of the related ``PyFrameObject *``." +msgstr "" +"GDB 并不总是能够读取相关的帧信息，这取决于编译 CPython 时的优化级别。 在内部，这些命令会查找正在执行默认帧求值函数（即 CPython " +"内的的核心字节码解释器循环）的 C 帧并查找相关 ``PyFrameObject *`` 的值。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:246 +msgid "They emit the frame number (at the C level) within the thread." +msgstr "它们将发出线程内的帧编号（在 C 层级上）。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:248 ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:320 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:250 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"#37 Frame 0x9420b04, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/\n" +"gnome_sudoku/main.py, line 906, in start_game ()\n" +" u = UI()\n" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"#40 Frame 0x948e82c, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/\n" +"gnome_sudoku/gnome_sudoku.py, line 22, in start_game(main=)\n" +" main.start_game()\n" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"Unable to find an older python frame" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"#37 Frame 0x9420b04, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/\n" +"gnome_sudoku/main.py, line 906, in start_game ()\n" +" u = UI()\n" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"#40 Frame 0x948e82c, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/\n" +"gnome_sudoku/gnome_sudoku.py, line 22, in start_game(main=)\n" +" main.start_game()\n" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"Unable to find an older python frame" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:261 +msgid "so we're at the top of the Python stack." +msgstr "这样我们位于 Python 栈的顶部。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The frame numbers correspond to those displayed by GDB's standard " +"``backtrace`` command. The command skips C frames which are not executing " +"Python code." +msgstr "帧编号对应于 GDB 的 ``backtrace`` 命令所显示的内容。 该命令将跳过未在执行 Python 代码的 C 帧。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:267 +msgid "Going back down::" +msgstr "向下回退::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:269 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#37 Frame 0x9420b04, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/main.py, line 906, in start_game ()\n" +" u = UI()\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#34 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#23 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#19 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#14 Frame 0x99262ac, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/game_selector.py, line 201, in run_swallowed_dialog (self=, puzzle=None, saved_games=[{'gsd.auto_fills': 0, 'tracking': {}, 'trackers': {}, 'notes': [], 'saved_at': 1270084485, 'game': '7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 0 0 0 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5\\n7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 1 8 3 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5', 'gsd.impossible_hints': 0, 'timer.__absolute_start_time__': , 'gsd.hints': 0, 'timer.active_time': , 'timer.total_time': }], dialog=, saved_game_model=, sudoku_maker=, main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>, d=)\n" +" gtk.main()\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#8 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"Unable to find a newer python frame" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#37 Frame 0x9420b04, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/main.py, line 906, in start_game ()\n" +" u = UI()\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#34 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#23 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#19 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#14 Frame 0x99262ac, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/game_selector.py, line 201, in run_swallowed_dialog (self=, puzzle=None, saved_games=[{'gsd.auto_fills': 0, 'tracking': {}, 'trackers': {}, 'notes': [], 'saved_at': 1270084485, 'game': '7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 0 0 0 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5\\n7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 1 8 3 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5', 'gsd.impossible_hints': 0, 'timer.__absolute_start_time__': , 'gsd.hints': 0, 'timer.active_time': , 'timer.total_time': }], dialog=, saved_game_model=, sudoku_maker=, main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>, d=)\n" +" gtk.main()\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"#8 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"(gdb) py-down\n" +"Unable to find a newer python frame" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:289 +msgid "and we're at the bottom of the Python stack." +msgstr "现在我们位于 Python 栈的底部。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Note that in Python 3.12 and newer, the same C stack frame can be used for " +"multiple Python stack frames. This means that ``py-up`` and ``py-down`` may " +"move multiple Python frames at once. For example::" +msgstr "" +"请注意在 Python 3.12 及更新的版本中，同一个 C 栈帧可被用于多个 Python 栈帧。 这意味着 ``py-up`` 和 ``py-" +"down`` 可以同时移动多个 Python 帧。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:295 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb62b0, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 5, in recursive_function (n=0)\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6240, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=1)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb61d0, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=2)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6160, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=3)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb60f0, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=4)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6080, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=5)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6020, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 9, in ()\n" +" recursive_function(5)\n" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"Unable to find an older python frame" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb62b0, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 5, in recursive_function (n=0)\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6240, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=1)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb61d0, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=2)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6160, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=3)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb60f0, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=4)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6080, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 7, in recursive_function (n=5)\n" +" recursive_function(n-1)\n" +"#6 Frame 0x7ffff7fb6020, for file /tmp/rec.py, line 9, in ()\n" +" recursive_function(5)\n" +"(gdb) py-up\n" +"Unable to find an older python frame" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:315 +msgid "``py-bt``" +msgstr "``py-bt``" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:317 +msgid "" +"The ``py-bt`` command attempts to display a Python-level backtrace of the " +"current thread." +msgstr "``py-bt`` 命令会尝试显示当前线程的 Python 层级回溯。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:322 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-bt\n" +"#8 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"#11 Frame 0x9aead74, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/dialog_swallower.py, line 48, in run_dialog (self=, main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>, d=)\n" +" gtk.main()\n" +"#14 Frame 0x99262ac, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/game_selector.py, line 201, in run_swallowed_dialog (self=, puzzle=None, saved_games=[{'gsd.auto_fills': 0, 'tracking': {}, 'trackers': {}, 'notes': [], 'saved_at': 1270084485, 'game': '7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 0 0 0 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5\\n7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 1 8 3 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5', 'gsd.impossible_hints': 0, 'timer.__absolute_start_time__': , 'gsd.hints': 0, 'timer.active_time': , 'timer.total_time': }], dialog=, saved_game_model=, sudoku_maker=)\n" +" main.start_game()" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-bt\n" +"#8 (unable to read python frame information)\n" +"#11 Frame 0x9aead74, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/dialog_swallower.py, line 48, in run_dialog (self=, main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>, d=)\n" +" gtk.main()\n" +"#14 Frame 0x99262ac, for file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gnome_sudoku/game_selector.py, line 201, in run_swallowed_dialog (self=, puzzle=None, saved_games=[{'gsd.auto_fills': 0, 'tracking': {}, 'trackers': {}, 'notes': [], 'saved_at': 1270084485, 'game': '7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 0 0 0 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5\\n7 8 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 5 1 8 3 4 7 9 2 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 3 9 7 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 5', 'gsd.impossible_hints': 0, 'timer.__absolute_start_time__': , 'gsd.hints': 0, 'timer.active_time': , 'timer.total_time': }], dialog=, saved_game_model=, sudoku_maker=)\n" +" main.start_game()" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:336 +msgid "" +"The frame numbers correspond to those displayed by GDB's standard " +"``backtrace`` command." +msgstr "帧编号对应于 GDB 的 ``backtrace`` 命令所显示的内容。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:340 +msgid "``py-print``" +msgstr "``py-print``" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:342 +msgid "" +"The ``py-print`` command looks up a Python name and tries to print it. It " +"looks in locals within the current thread, then globals, then finally " +"builtins::" +msgstr "" +"``py-print`` 命令会查找一个 Python 名称并尝试打印它。 它将先在当前线程的 locals 中查找，然后是 globals，最后是 " +"builtins::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:346 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-print self\n" +"local 'self' = ,\n" +"main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>\n" +"(gdb) py-print __name__\n" +"global '__name__' = 'gnome_sudoku.dialog_swallower'\n" +"(gdb) py-print len\n" +"builtin 'len' = \n" +"(gdb) py-print scarlet_pimpernel\n" +"'scarlet_pimpernel' not found" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-print self\n" +"local 'self' = ,\n" +"main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>\n" +"(gdb) py-print __name__\n" +"global '__name__' = 'gnome_sudoku.dialog_swallower'\n" +"(gdb) py-print len\n" +"builtin 'len' = \n" +"(gdb) py-print scarlet_pimpernel\n" +"'scarlet_pimpernel' not found" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:356 +msgid "" +"If the current C frame corresponds to multiple Python frames, ``py-print`` " +"only considers the first one." +msgstr "如果当前 C 帧对应多个 Python 帧，则 ``py-print`` 只会考虑其中第一个。" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:360 +msgid "``py-locals``" +msgstr "``py-locals``" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:362 +msgid "" +"The ``py-locals`` command looks up all Python locals within the current " +"Python frame in the selected thread, and prints their representations::" +msgstr "" +"``py-locals`` 命令会在选定的线程中查找当前 Python 帧内的所有 Python 的 locals，并打印它们的表示形式::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:365 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-locals\n" +"self = ,\n" +"main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>\n" +"d = " +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-locals\n" +"self = ,\n" +"main_page=0) at remote 0x98fa6e4>\n" +"d = " + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:370 +msgid "" +"If the current C frame corresponds to multiple Python frames, locals from " +"all of them will be shown::" +msgstr "如果当前 C 帧对应多个 Python 帧，同它们的所有 locals 都会被显示::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:373 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-locals\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 0\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 1\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 2\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 3\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 4\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 5\n" +"Locals for " +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-locals\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 0\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 1\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 2\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 3\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 4\n" +"Locals for recursive_function\n" +"n = 5\n" +"Locals for " + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:390 +msgid "Use with GDB commands" +msgstr "与 GDB 命令一起使用" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:392 +msgid "" +"The extension commands complement GDB's built-in commands. For example, you " +"can use a frame numbers shown by ``py-bt`` with the ``frame`` command to go " +"a specific frame within the selected thread, like this::" +msgstr "" +"这些扩展命令是对 GDB 的内置命令的补充。 例如，你可以使用 ``py-bt`` 显示的帧编号与 ``frame`` " +"命令一起使用以转到所选线程中的特定帧，如下所示::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:396 +msgid "" +"(gdb) py-bt\n" +"(output snipped)\n" +"#68 Frame 0xaa4560, for file Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 1548, in ()\n" +" main()\n" +"(gdb) frame 68\n" +"#68 0x00000000004cd1e6 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx (f=Frame 0xaa4560, for file Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 1548, in (), throwflag=0) at Python/ceval.c:2665\n" +"2665 x = call_function(&sp, oparg);\n" +"(gdb) py-list\n" +"1543 # Run the tests in a context manager that temporary changes the CWD to a\n" +"1544 # temporary and writable directory. If it's not possible to create or\n" +"1545 # change the CWD, the original CWD will be used. The original CWD is\n" +"1546 # available from test_support.SAVEDCWD.\n" +"1547 with test_support.temp_cwd(TESTCWD, quiet=True):\n" +">1548 main()" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) py-bt\n" +"(output snipped)\n" +"#68 Frame 0xaa4560, for file Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 1548, in ()\n" +" main()\n" +"(gdb) frame 68\n" +"#68 0x00000000004cd1e6 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx (f=Frame 0xaa4560, for file Lib/test/regrtest.py, line 1548, in (), throwflag=0) at Python/ceval.c:2665\n" +"2665 x = call_function(&sp, oparg);\n" +"(gdb) py-list\n" +"1543 # Run the tests in a context manager that temporary changes the CWD to a\n" +"1544 # temporary and writable directory. If it's not possible to create or\n" +"1545 # change the CWD, the original CWD will be used. The original CWD is\n" +"1546 # available from test_support.SAVEDCWD.\n" +"1547 with test_support.temp_cwd(TESTCWD, quiet=True):\n" +">1548 main()" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:411 +msgid "" +"The ``info threads`` command will give you a list of the threads within the " +"process, and you can use the ``thread`` command to select a different one::" +msgstr "``info threads`` 命令将向你提供进程内的线程列表，您还可以使用 ``thread`` 命令来选择不同的线程::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:414 +msgid "" +"(gdb) info threads\n" +" 105 Thread 0x7fffefa18710 (LWP 10260) sem_wait () at ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sem_wait.S:86\n" +" 104 Thread 0x7fffdf5fe710 (LWP 10259) sem_wait () at ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sem_wait.S:86\n" +"* 1 Thread 0x7ffff7fe2700 (LWP 10145) 0x00000038e46d73e3 in select () at ../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:82" +msgstr "" +"(gdb) info threads\n" +" 105 Thread 0x7fffefa18710 (LWP 10260) sem_wait () at ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sem_wait.S:86\n" +" 104 Thread 0x7fffdf5fe710 (LWP 10259) sem_wait () at ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/sem_wait.S:86\n" +"* 1 Thread 0x7ffff7fe2700 (LWP 10145) 0x00000038e46d73e3 in select () at ../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:82" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:419 +msgid "" +"You can use ``thread apply all COMMAND`` or (``t a a COMMAND`` for short) to" +" run a command on all threads. With ``py-bt``, this lets you see what every" +" thread is doing at the Python level::" +msgstr "" +"你可以使用 ``thread apply all COMMAND`` 或 (简短写法 ``t a a COMMAND``) 在所有线程上运行一个命令。 " +"配合 ``py-bt``，这将让你在 Python 层级上查看看到每个线程在做什么::" + +#: ../../howto/gdb_helpers.rst:423 +msgid "" +"(gdb) t a a py-bt\n" +"\n" +"Thread 105 (Thread 0x7fffefa18710 (LWP 10260)):\n" +"#5 Frame 0x7fffd00019d0, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/threading.py, line 155, in _acquire_restore (self=<_RLock(_Verbose__verbose=False, _RLock__owner=140737354016512, _RLock__block=, _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, count_owner=(1, 140737213728528), count=1, owner=140737213728528)\n" +" self.__block.acquire()\n" +"#8 Frame 0x7fffac001640, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/threading.py, line 269, in wait (self=<_Condition(_Condition__lock=<_RLock(_Verbose__verbose=False, _RLock__owner=140737354016512, _RLock__block=, _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, acquire=, _is_owned=, _release_save=, release=, _acquire_restore=, _Verbose__verbose=False, _Condition__waiters=[]) at remote 0xd7fd10>, timeout=None, waiter=, saved_state=(1, 140737213728528))\n" +" self._acquire_restore(saved_state)\n" +"#12 Frame 0x7fffb8001a10, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 348, in f ()\n" +" cond.wait()\n" +"#16 Frame 0x7fffb8001c40, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 37, in task (tid=140737213728528)\n" +" f()\n" +"\n" +"Thread 104 (Thread 0x7fffdf5fe710 (LWP 10259)):\n" +"#5 Frame 0x7fffe4001580, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/threading.py, line 155, in _acquire_restore (self=<_RLock(_Verbose__verbose=False, _RLock__owner=140737354016512, _RLock__block=, _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, count_owner=(1, 140736940992272), count=1, owner=140736940992272)\n" +" self.__block.acquire()\n" +"#8 Frame 0x7fffc8002090, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/threading.py, line 269, in wait (self=<_Condition(_Condition__lock=<_RLock(_Verbose__verbose=False, _RLock__owner=140737354016512, _RLock__block=, _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, acquire=, _is_owned=, _release_save=, release=, _acquire_restore=, _Verbose__verbose=False, _Condition__waiters=[]) at remote 0xd7fd10>, timeout=None, waiter=, saved_state=(1, 140736940992272))\n" +" self._acquire_restore(saved_state)\n" +"#12 Frame 0x7fffac001c90, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 348, in f ()\n" +" cond.wait()\n" +"#16 Frame 0x7fffac0011c0, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 37, in task (tid=140736940992272)\n" +" f()\n" +"\n" +"Thread 1 (Thread 0x7ffff7fe2700 (LWP 10145)):\n" +"#5 Frame 0xcb5380, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 16, in _wait ()\n" +" time.sleep(0.01)\n" +"#8 Frame 0x7fffd00024a0, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 378, in _check_notify (self=, skipped=[], _mirrorOutput=False, testsRun=39, buffer=False, _original_stderr=, _stdout_buffer=, _stderr_buffer=, _moduleSetUpFailed=False, expectedFailures=[], errors=[], _previousTestClass=, unexpectedSuccesses=[], failures=[], shouldStop=False, failfast=False) at remote 0xc185a0>, _threads=(0,), _cleanups=[], _type_equality_funcs={: , : , : , : , , _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, count_owner=(1, 140737213728528), count=1, owner=140737213728528)\n" +" self.__block.acquire()\n" +"#8 Frame 0x7fffac001640, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/threading.py, line 269, in wait (self=<_Condition(_Condition__lock=<_RLock(_Verbose__verbose=False, _RLock__owner=140737354016512, _RLock__block=, _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, acquire=, _is_owned=, _release_save=, release=, _acquire_restore=, _Verbose__verbose=False, _Condition__waiters=[]) at remote 0xd7fd10>, timeout=None, waiter=, saved_state=(1, 140737213728528))\n" +" self._acquire_restore(saved_state)\n" +"#12 Frame 0x7fffb8001a10, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 348, in f ()\n" +" cond.wait()\n" +"#16 Frame 0x7fffb8001c40, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 37, in task (tid=140737213728528)\n" +" f()\n" +"\n" +"Thread 104 (Thread 0x7fffdf5fe710 (LWP 10259)):\n" +"#5 Frame 0x7fffe4001580, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/threading.py, line 155, in _acquire_restore (self=<_RLock(_Verbose__verbose=False, _RLock__owner=140737354016512, _RLock__block=, _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, count_owner=(1, 140736940992272), count=1, owner=140736940992272)\n" +" self.__block.acquire()\n" +"#8 Frame 0x7fffc8002090, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/threading.py, line 269, in wait (self=<_Condition(_Condition__lock=<_RLock(_Verbose__verbose=False, _RLock__owner=140737354016512, _RLock__block=, _RLock__count=1) at remote 0xd7ff40>, acquire=, _is_owned=, _release_save=, release=, _acquire_restore=, _Verbose__verbose=False, _Condition__waiters=[]) at remote 0xd7fd10>, timeout=None, waiter=, saved_state=(1, 140736940992272))\n" +" self._acquire_restore(saved_state)\n" +"#12 Frame 0x7fffac001c90, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 348, in f ()\n" +" cond.wait()\n" +"#16 Frame 0x7fffac0011c0, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 37, in task (tid=140736940992272)\n" +" f()\n" +"\n" +"Thread 1 (Thread 0x7ffff7fe2700 (LWP 10145)):\n" +"#5 Frame 0xcb5380, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 16, in _wait ()\n" +" time.sleep(0.01)\n" +"#8 Frame 0x7fffd00024a0, for file /home/david/coding/python-svn/Lib/test/lock_tests.py, line 378, in _check_notify (self=, skipped=[], _mirrorOutput=False, testsRun=39, buffer=False, _original_stderr=, _stdout_buffer=, _stderr_buffer=, _moduleSetUpFailed=False, expectedFailures=[], errors=[], _previousTestClass=, unexpectedSuccesses=[], failures=[], shouldStop=False, failfast=False) at remote 0xc185a0>, _threads=(0,), _cleanups=[], _type_equality_funcs={: , : , : , : , , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:3 +msgid "Python HOWTOs" +msgstr "Python 指南" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:5 +msgid "" +"Python HOWTOs are documents that cover a specific topic in-depth. Modeled on" +" the Linux Documentation Project's HOWTO collection, this collection is an " +"effort to foster documentation that's more detailed than the Python Library " +"Reference." +msgstr "" +"Python HOWTO 是覆盖特定主题深度文档。 这份合集以Modeled on the Linux 文档项目的 HOWTO 合为样板，它致力于提供比" +" Python 库参考更详细的文档。" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:38 +msgid "General:" +msgstr "通用：" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:40 +msgid ":ref:`annotations-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`annotations-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:41 +msgid ":ref:`argparse-tutorial`" +msgstr ":ref:`argparse-tutorial`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:42 +msgid ":ref:`descriptorhowto`" +msgstr ":ref:`descriptorhowto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:43 +msgid ":ref:`enum-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`enum-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:44 +msgid ":ref:`functional-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`functional-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:45 +msgid ":ref:`ipaddress-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`ipaddress-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:46 +msgid ":ref:`logging-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`logging-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:47 +msgid ":ref:`logging-cookbook`" +msgstr ":ref:`logging-cookbook`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:48 +msgid ":ref:`regex-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`regex-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:49 +msgid ":ref:`sortinghowto`" +msgstr ":ref:`sortinghowto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:50 +msgid ":ref:`unicode-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`unicode-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:51 +msgid ":ref:`urllib-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`urllib-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:53 +msgid "Advanced development:" +msgstr "高级开发：" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:55 +msgid ":ref:`curses-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`curses-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:56 +msgid ":ref:`freethreading-python-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`freethreading-python-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:57 +msgid ":ref:`freethreading-extensions-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`freethreading-extensions-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:58 +msgid ":ref:`isolating-extensions-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`isolating-extensions-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:59 +msgid ":ref:`python_2.3_mro`" +msgstr ":ref:`python_2.3_mro`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:60 +msgid ":ref:`socket-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`socket-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:61 +msgid ":ref:`timerfd-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`timerfd-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:62 +msgid ":ref:`cporting-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`cporting-howto`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:64 +msgid "Debugging and profiling:" +msgstr "调试和性能分析：" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:66 +msgid ":ref:`gdb`" +msgstr ":ref:`gdb`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:67 +msgid ":ref:`instrumentation`" +msgstr ":ref:`instrumentation`" + +#: ../../howto/index.rst:68 +msgid ":ref:`perf_profiling`" +msgstr ":ref:`perf_profiling`" diff --git a/howto/instrumentation.po b/howto/instrumentation.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce68b781e --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/instrumentation.po @@ -0,0 +1,793 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# telnetning , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# 非法操作 , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# dogn he , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:7 +msgid "Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap" +msgstr "使用 DTrace 和 SystemTap 检测CPython" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:0 +msgid "author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:9 +msgid "David Malcolm" +msgstr "David Malcolm" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:10 +msgid "Łukasz Langa" +msgstr "Łukasz Langa" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:12 +msgid "" +"DTrace and SystemTap are monitoring tools, each providing a way to inspect " +"what the processes on a computer system are doing. They both use domain-" +"specific languages allowing a user to write scripts which:" +msgstr "" +"DTrace和SystemTap是监控工具，它们都提供了一种检查计算机系统上的进程的方法。 它们都使用特定领域的语言，允许用户编写脚本，其中：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:16 +msgid "filter which processes are to be observed" +msgstr "进程监视的过滤器" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:17 +msgid "gather data from the processes of interest" +msgstr "从感兴趣的进程中收集数据" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:18 +msgid "generate reports on the data" +msgstr "生成有关数据的报告" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:20 +msgid "" +"As of Python 3.6, CPython can be built with embedded \"markers\", also known" +" as \"probes\", that can be observed by a DTrace or SystemTap script, making" +" it easier to monitor what the CPython processes on a system are doing." +msgstr "" +"从Python " +"3.6开始，CPython可以使用嵌入式“标记”构建，也称为“探测器”，可以通过DTrace或SystemTap脚本观察，从而更容易监视系统上的CPython进程正在做什么。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:27 +msgid "" +"DTrace markers are implementation details of the CPython interpreter. No " +"guarantees are made about probe compatibility between versions of CPython. " +"DTrace scripts can stop working or work incorrectly without warning when " +"changing CPython versions." +msgstr "" +"DTrace标记是CPython解释器的实现细节。 不保证CPython版本之间的探针兼容性。 " +"更改CPython版本时，DTrace脚本可能会停止工作或无法正常工作而不会发出警告。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:34 +msgid "Enabling the static markers" +msgstr "启用静态标记" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:36 +msgid "" +"macOS comes with built-in support for DTrace. On Linux, in order to build " +"CPython with the embedded markers for SystemTap, the SystemTap development " +"tools must be installed." +msgstr "" +"macOS内置了对DTrace的支持。 在Linux上，为了使用SystemTap的嵌入式标记构建CPython，必须安装SystemTap开发工具。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:40 +msgid "On a Linux machine, this can be done via::" +msgstr "在Linux机器上，这可以通过：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:42 +msgid "$ yum install systemtap-sdt-devel" +msgstr "$ yum install systemtap-sdt-devel" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:44 +msgid "or::" +msgstr "或者：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:46 +msgid "$ sudo apt-get install systemtap-sdt-dev" +msgstr "$ sudo apt-get install systemtap-sdt-dev" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:49 +msgid "" +"CPython must then be :option:`configured with the --with-dtrace option " +"<--with-dtrace>`:" +msgstr "之后 CPython 必须 :option:`配置 --with-dtrace 选项 <--with-dtrace>`:" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:52 +msgid "checking for --with-dtrace... yes" +msgstr "checking for --with-dtrace... yes" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:56 +msgid "" +"On macOS, you can list available DTrace probes by running a Python process " +"in the background and listing all probes made available by the Python " +"provider::" +msgstr "在macOS上，您可以通过在后台运行Python进程列出可用的DTrace探测器，并列出Python程序提供的所有探测器：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:60 +msgid "" +"$ python3.6 -q &\n" +"$ sudo dtrace -l -P python$! # or: dtrace -l -m python3.6\n" +"\n" +" ID PROVIDER MODULE FUNCTION NAME\n" +"29564 python18035 python3.6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault function-entry\n" +"29565 python18035 python3.6 dtrace_function_entry function-entry\n" +"29566 python18035 python3.6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault function-return\n" +"29567 python18035 python3.6 dtrace_function_return function-return\n" +"29568 python18035 python3.6 collect gc-done\n" +"29569 python18035 python3.6 collect gc-start\n" +"29570 python18035 python3.6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault line\n" +"29571 python18035 python3.6 maybe_dtrace_line line" +msgstr "" +"$ python3.6 -q &\n" +"$ sudo dtrace -l -P python$! # or: dtrace -l -m python3.6\n" +"\n" +" ID PROVIDER MODULE FUNCTION NAME\n" +"29564 python18035 python3.6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault function-entry\n" +"29565 python18035 python3.6 dtrace_function_entry function-entry\n" +"29566 python18035 python3.6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault function-return\n" +"29567 python18035 python3.6 dtrace_function_return function-return\n" +"29568 python18035 python3.6 collect gc-done\n" +"29569 python18035 python3.6 collect gc-start\n" +"29570 python18035 python3.6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault line\n" +"29571 python18035 python3.6 maybe_dtrace_line line" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:73 +msgid "" +"On Linux, you can verify if the SystemTap static markers are present in the " +"built binary by seeing if it contains a \".note.stapsdt\" section." +msgstr "在Linux上，您可以通过查看是否包含“.note.stapsdt”部分来验证构建的二进制文件中是否存在SystemTap静态标记。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:78 +msgid "" +"$ readelf -S ./python | grep .note.stapsdt\n" +"[30] .note.stapsdt NOTE 0000000000000000 00308d78" +msgstr "" +"$ readelf -S ./python | grep .note.stapsdt\n" +"[30] .note.stapsdt NOTE 0000000000000000 00308d78" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:81 +msgid "" +"If you've built Python as a shared library (with the :option:`--enable-" +"shared` configure option), you need to look instead within the shared " +"library. For example::" +msgstr "" +"如果你将 Python 编译为共享库（使用 :option:`--enable-shared` 配置选项），那么你需要改为在共享库内部查看。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:85 +msgid "" +"$ readelf -S libpython3.3dm.so.1.0 | grep .note.stapsdt\n" +"[29] .note.stapsdt NOTE 0000000000000000 00365b68" +msgstr "" +"$ readelf -S libpython3.3dm.so.1.0 | grep .note.stapsdt\n" +"[29] .note.stapsdt NOTE 0000000000000000 00365b68" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:88 +msgid "Sufficiently modern readelf can print the metadata::" +msgstr "足够现代的readelf命令可以打印元数据：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:90 +msgid "" +"$ readelf -n ./python\n" +"\n" +"Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000254 with length 0x00000020:\n" +" Owner Data size Description\n" +" GNU 0x00000010 NT_GNU_ABI_TAG (ABI version tag)\n" +" OS: Linux, ABI: 2.6.32\n" +"\n" +"Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000274 with length 0x00000024:\n" +" Owner Data size Description\n" +" GNU 0x00000014 NT_GNU_BUILD_ID (unique build ID bitstring)\n" +" Build ID: df924a2b08a7e89f6e11251d4602022977af2670\n" +"\n" +"Displaying notes found at file offset 0x002d6c30 with length 0x00000144:\n" +" Owner Data size Description\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000031 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: gc__start\n" +" Location: 0x00000000004371c3, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bf6\n" +" Arguments: -4@%ebx\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000030 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: gc__done\n" +" Location: 0x00000000004374e1, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bf8\n" +" Arguments: -8@%rax\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000045 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: function__entry\n" +" Location: 0x000000000053db6c, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6be8\n" +" Arguments: 8@%rbp 8@%r12 -4@%eax\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000046 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: function__return\n" +" Location: 0x000000000053dba8, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bea\n" +" Arguments: 8@%rbp 8@%r12 -4@%eax" +msgstr "" +"$ readelf -n ./python\n" +"\n" +"Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000254 with length 0x00000020:\n" +" Owner Data size Description\n" +" GNU 0x00000010 NT_GNU_ABI_TAG (ABI version tag)\n" +" OS: Linux, ABI: 2.6.32\n" +"\n" +"Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000274 with length 0x00000024:\n" +" Owner Data size Description\n" +" GNU 0x00000014 NT_GNU_BUILD_ID (unique build ID bitstring)\n" +" Build ID: df924a2b08a7e89f6e11251d4602022977af2670\n" +"\n" +"Displaying notes found at file offset 0x002d6c30 with length 0x00000144:\n" +" Owner Data size Description\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000031 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: gc__start\n" +" Location: 0x00000000004371c3, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bf6\n" +" Arguments: -4@%ebx\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000030 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: gc__done\n" +" Location: 0x00000000004374e1, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bf8\n" +" Arguments: -8@%rax\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000045 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: function__entry\n" +" Location: 0x000000000053db6c, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6be8\n" +" Arguments: 8@%rbp 8@%r12 -4@%eax\n" +" stapsdt 0x00000046 NT_STAPSDT (SystemTap probe descriptors)\n" +" Provider: python\n" +" Name: function__return\n" +" Location: 0x000000000053dba8, Base: 0x0000000000630ce2, Semaphore: 0x00000000008d6bea\n" +" Arguments: 8@%rbp 8@%r12 -4@%eax" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:125 +msgid "" +"The above metadata contains information for SystemTap describing how it can " +"patch strategically placed machine code instructions to enable the tracing " +"hooks used by a SystemTap script." +msgstr "上述元数据包含 SystemTap 信息，它描述了如何修补策略性放置的机器码指令以启用 SystemTap 脚本所使用的跟踪钩子。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:131 +msgid "Static DTrace probes" +msgstr "静态DTrace探针" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:133 +msgid "" +"The following example DTrace script can be used to show the call/return " +"hierarchy of a Python script, only tracing within the invocation of a " +"function called \"start\". In other words, import-time function invocations " +"are not going to be listed:" +msgstr "" +"下面的 DTrace 脚本示例可以用来显示一个 Python 脚本的调用/返回层次结构，只在调用名为 \"start\" " +"的函数内进行跟踪。换句话说，导入时的函数调用不会被列出。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:138 +msgid "" +"self int indent;\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-entry\n" +"/copyinstr(arg1) == \"start\"/\n" +"{\n" +" self->trace = 1;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-entry\n" +"/self->trace/\n" +"{\n" +" printf(\"%d\\t%*s:\", timestamp, 15, probename);\n" +" printf(\"%*s\", self->indent, \"\");\n" +" printf(\"%s:%s:%d\\n\", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);\n" +" self->indent++;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-return\n" +"/self->trace/\n" +"{\n" +" self->indent--;\n" +" printf(\"%d\\t%*s:\", timestamp, 15, probename);\n" +" printf(\"%*s\", self->indent, \"\");\n" +" printf(\"%s:%s:%d\\n\", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-return\n" +"/copyinstr(arg1) == \"start\"/\n" +"{\n" +" self->trace = 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"self int indent;\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-entry\n" +"/copyinstr(arg1) == \"start\"/\n" +"{\n" +" self->trace = 1;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-entry\n" +"/self->trace/\n" +"{\n" +" printf(\"%d\\t%*s:\", timestamp, 15, probename);\n" +" printf(\"%*s\", self->indent, \"\");\n" +" printf(\"%s:%s:%d\\n\", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);\n" +" self->indent++;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-return\n" +"/self->trace/\n" +"{\n" +" self->indent--;\n" +" printf(\"%d\\t%*s:\", timestamp, 15, probename);\n" +" printf(\"%*s\", self->indent, \"\");\n" +" printf(\"%s:%s:%d\\n\", basename(copyinstr(arg0)), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"python$target:::function-return\n" +"/copyinstr(arg1) == \"start\"/\n" +"{\n" +" self->trace = 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:172 ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:230 +msgid "It can be invoked like this::" +msgstr "它可以这样调用::" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:174 +msgid "$ sudo dtrace -q -s call_stack.d -c \"python3.6 script.py\"" +msgstr "$ sudo dtrace -q -s call_stack.d -c \"python3.6 script.py\"" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:176 ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:236 +msgid "The output looks like this:" +msgstr "输出结果会像这样:" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:178 +msgid "" +"156641360502280 function-entry:call_stack.py:start:23\n" +"156641360518804 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_1:1\n" +"156641360532797 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9\n" +"156641360546807 function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10\n" +"156641360563367 function-return: call_stack.py:function_1:2\n" +"156641360578365 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_2:5\n" +"156641360591757 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_1:1\n" +"156641360605556 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9\n" +"156641360617482 function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10\n" +"156641360629814 function-return: call_stack.py:function_1:2\n" +"156641360642285 function-return: call_stack.py:function_2:6\n" +"156641360656770 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9\n" +"156641360669707 function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10\n" +"156641360687853 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_4:13\n" +"156641360700719 function-return: call_stack.py:function_4:14\n" +"156641360719640 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_5:18\n" +"156641360732567 function-return: call_stack.py:function_5:21\n" +"156641360747370 function-return:call_stack.py:start:28" +msgstr "" +"156641360502280 function-entry:call_stack.py:start:23\n" +"156641360518804 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_1:1\n" +"156641360532797 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9\n" +"156641360546807 function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10\n" +"156641360563367 function-return: call_stack.py:function_1:2\n" +"156641360578365 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_2:5\n" +"156641360591757 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_1:1\n" +"156641360605556 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9\n" +"156641360617482 function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10\n" +"156641360629814 function-return: call_stack.py:function_1:2\n" +"156641360642285 function-return: call_stack.py:function_2:6\n" +"156641360656770 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_3:9\n" +"156641360669707 function-return: call_stack.py:function_3:10\n" +"156641360687853 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_4:13\n" +"156641360700719 function-return: call_stack.py:function_4:14\n" +"156641360719640 function-entry: call_stack.py:function_5:18\n" +"156641360732567 function-return: call_stack.py:function_5:21\n" +"156641360747370 function-return:call_stack.py:start:28" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:201 +msgid "Static SystemTap markers" +msgstr "静态SystemTap标记" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The low-level way to use the SystemTap integration is to use the static " +"markers directly. This requires you to explicitly state the binary file " +"containing them." +msgstr "使用 SystemTap 集成的底层方法是直接使用静态标记。 这需要你显式地说明包含它们的二进制文件。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:207 +msgid "" +"For example, this SystemTap script can be used to show the call/return " +"hierarchy of a Python script:" +msgstr "例如，这个SystemTap脚本可以用来显示Python脚本的调用/返回层次结构：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:210 +msgid "" +"probe process(\"python\").mark(\"function__entry\") {\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +"\n" +" printf(\"%s => %s in %s:%d\\\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"probe process(\"python\").mark(\"function__return\") {\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +"\n" +" printf(\"%s <= %s in %s:%d\\\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(-1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"probe process(\"python\").mark(\"function__entry\") {\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +"\n" +" printf(\"%s => %s in %s:%d\\\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"probe process(\"python\").mark(\"function__return\") {\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +"\n" +" printf(\"%s <= %s in %s:%d\\\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(-1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:232 +msgid "" +"$ stap \\\n" +" show-call-hierarchy.stp \\\n" +" -c \"./python test.py\"" +msgstr "" +"$ stap \\\n" +" show-call-hierarchy.stp \\\n" +" -c \"./python test.py\"" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:238 +msgid "" +"11408 python(8274): => __contains__ in Lib/_abcoll.py:362\n" +"11414 python(8274): => __getitem__ in Lib/os.py:425\n" +"11418 python(8274): => encode in Lib/os.py:490\n" +"11424 python(8274): <= encode in Lib/os.py:493\n" +"11428 python(8274): <= __getitem__ in Lib/os.py:426\n" +"11433 python(8274): <= __contains__ in Lib/_abcoll.py:366" +msgstr "" +"11408 python(8274): => __contains__ in Lib/_abcoll.py:362\n" +"11414 python(8274): => __getitem__ in Lib/os.py:425\n" +"11418 python(8274): => encode in Lib/os.py:490\n" +"11424 python(8274): <= encode in Lib/os.py:493\n" +"11428 python(8274): <= __getitem__ in Lib/os.py:426\n" +"11433 python(8274): <= __contains__ in Lib/_abcoll.py:366" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:247 +msgid "where the columns are:" +msgstr "其中的列是：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:249 +msgid "time in microseconds since start of script" +msgstr "脚本开始后经过的微秒数" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:250 +msgid "name of executable" +msgstr "可执行文件的名字" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:251 +msgid "PID of process" +msgstr "进程的PID" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:253 +msgid "" +"and the remainder indicates the call/return hierarchy as the script " +"executes." +msgstr "其余部分则表示脚本执行时的调用/返回层次结构。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:255 +msgid "" +"For a :option:`--enable-shared` build of CPython, the markers are contained " +"within the libpython shared library, and the probe's dotted path needs to " +"reflect this. For example, this line from the above example:" +msgstr "" +"对于 CPython 的 :option:`--enable-shared` 编译版，这些标记包含在 libpython 共享库内部，并且 probe " +"的加点路径需要反映这个。 例如，上述示例的这一行:" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:259 +msgid "probe process(\"python\").mark(\"function__entry\") {" +msgstr "probe process(\"python\").mark(\"function__entry\") {" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:263 +msgid "should instead read:" +msgstr "应改为：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:265 +msgid "" +"probe " +"process(\"python\").library(\"libpython3.6dm.so.1.0\").mark(\"function__entry\")" +" {" +msgstr "" +"probe " +"process(\"python\").library(\"libpython3.6dm.so.1.0\").mark(\"function__entry\")" +" {" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:269 +msgid "(assuming a :ref:`debug build ` of CPython 3.6)" +msgstr "(假定为 CPython 3.6 的 :ref:`调试编译版 `)" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:273 +msgid "Available static markers" +msgstr "可用的静态标记" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:277 +msgid "" +"This marker indicates that execution of a Python function has begun. It is " +"only triggered for pure-Python (bytecode) functions." +msgstr "这个标记表示一个Python函数的执行已经开始。它只对纯 Python （字节码）函数触发。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:280 +msgid "" +"The filename, function name, and line number are provided back to the " +"tracing script as positional arguments, which must be accessed using " +"``$arg1``, ``$arg2``, ``$arg3``:" +msgstr "文件名、函数名和行号作为位置参数提供给跟踪脚本，必须使用 ``$arg1``, ``$arg2``, ``$arg3`` 访问：" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:284 +msgid "" +"``$arg1`` : ``(const char *)`` filename, accessible using " +"``user_string($arg1)``" +msgstr "``$arg1`` : ``(const char *)`` 文件名，使用 ``user_string($arg1)`` 访问" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:286 +msgid "" +"``$arg2`` : ``(const char *)`` function name, accessible using " +"``user_string($arg2)``" +msgstr "``$arg2`` : ``(const char *)`` 函数名，使用 ``user_string($arg2)`` 访问" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:289 +msgid "``$arg3`` : ``int`` line number" +msgstr "``$arg3`` : ``int`` 行号" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:293 +msgid "" +"This marker is the converse of :c:func:`!function__entry`, and indicates " +"that execution of a Python function has ended (either via ``return``, or via" +" an exception). It is only triggered for pure-Python (bytecode) functions." +msgstr "" +"这个标记与 :c:func:`!function__entry` 相反，表示 Python 函数的执行已经结束（通过 " +"``return``，或者通过异常）。 它只会为纯 Python（字节码）函数触发。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:297 +msgid "The arguments are the same as for :c:func:`!function__entry`" +msgstr "参数与 :c:func:`!function__entry` 的相同" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:301 +msgid "" +"This marker indicates a Python line is about to be executed. It is the " +"equivalent of line-by-line tracing with a Python profiler. It is not " +"triggered within C functions." +msgstr "这个标记表示一个 Python 行即将被执行。它相当于用 Python 分析器逐行追踪。它不会在C函数中触发。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:305 +msgid "The arguments are the same as for :c:func:`!function__entry`." +msgstr "参数与 :c:func:`!function__entry` 的相同。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Fires when the Python interpreter starts a garbage collection cycle. " +"``arg0`` is the generation to scan, like :func:`gc.collect`." +msgstr "当 Python 解释器启动一个垃圾回收循环时触发。 ``arg0`` 是要扫描的代，与 :func:`gc.collect` 一样。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Fires when the Python interpreter finishes a garbage collection cycle. " +"``arg0`` is the number of collected objects." +msgstr "当Python解释器完成一个垃圾回收循环时被触发。``arg0`` 是收集到的对象的数量。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Fires before :mod:`importlib` attempts to find and load the module. ``arg0``" +" is the module name." +msgstr "在 :mod:`importlib` 试图查找并加载模块之前被触发。``arg0`` 是模块名称。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Fires after :mod:`importlib`'s find_and_load function is called. ``arg0`` is" +" the module name, ``arg1`` indicates if module was successfully loaded." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`importlib` 的 find_and_load 函数被调用后被触发 。``arg0`` 是模块名称， ``arg1`` " +"表示模块是否成功加载。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Fires when :func:`sys.audit` or :c:func:`PySys_Audit` is called. ``arg0`` is" +" the event name as C string, ``arg1`` is a :c:type:`PyObject` pointer to a " +"tuple object." +msgstr "" +"当 :func:`sys.audit` 或 :c:func:`PySys_Audit` 被调用时启动。 ``arg0`` 是事件名称的 C " +"字符串，``arg1`` 是一个指向元组对象的 :c:type:`PyObject` 指针。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:343 +msgid "SystemTap Tapsets" +msgstr "SystemTap Tapsets" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The higher-level way to use the SystemTap integration is to use a " +"\"tapset\": SystemTap's equivalent of a library, which hides some of the " +"lower-level details of the static markers." +msgstr "使用SystemTap集成的更高层次的方法是使用 \"tapset\" 。SystemTap 的等效库，它隐藏了静态标记的一些底层细节。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:349 +msgid "Here is a tapset file, based on a non-shared build of CPython:" +msgstr "这里是一个基于 CPython 的非共享构建的 tapset 文件。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:351 +msgid "" +"/*\n" +" Provide a higher-level wrapping around the function__entry and\n" +" function__return markers:\n" +" \\*/\n" +"probe python.function.entry = process(\"python\").mark(\"function__entry\")\n" +"{\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +" frameptr = $arg4\n" +"}\n" +"probe python.function.return = process(\"python\").mark(\"function__return\")\n" +"{\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +" frameptr = $arg4\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"/*\n" +" 提供对 function__entry 和 function__return 标记的高级封装\n" +" \\*/\n" +"probe python.function.entry = process(\"python\").mark(\"function__entry\")\n" +"{\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +" frameptr = $arg4\n" +"}\n" +"probe python.function.return = process(\"python\").mark(\"function__return\")\n" +"{\n" +" filename = user_string($arg1);\n" +" funcname = user_string($arg2);\n" +" lineno = $arg3;\n" +" frameptr = $arg4\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:372 +msgid "" +"If this file is installed in SystemTap's tapset directory (e.g. " +"``/usr/share/systemtap/tapset``), then these additional probepoints become " +"available:" +msgstr "" +"如果这个文件安装在 SystemTap 的 tapset 目录下（例如 ``/usr/share/systemtap/tapset`` " +"），那么这些额外的探测点就会变得可用。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:378 +msgid "" +"This probe point indicates that execution of a Python function has begun. It" +" is only triggered for pure-Python (bytecode) functions." +msgstr "这个探针点表示一个Python函数的执行已经开始。它只对纯Python （字节码）函数触发。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:383 +msgid "" +"This probe point is the converse of ``python.function.return``, and " +"indicates that execution of a Python function has ended (either via " +"``return``, or via an exception). It is only triggered for pure-Python " +"(bytecode) functions." +msgstr "" +"这个探针点是 ``python.function.return`` 的反义操作，表示一个 Python 函数的执行已经结束（或是通过 " +"``return``，或是通过异常）。 它只会针对纯 Python（字节码）函数触发。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:390 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:391 +msgid "" +"This SystemTap script uses the tapset above to more cleanly implement the " +"example given above of tracing the Python function-call hierarchy, without " +"needing to directly name the static markers:" +msgstr "这个SystemTap脚本使用上面的tapset来更清晰地实现上面给出的跟踪Python函数调用层次结构的例子，而不需要直接命名静态标记。" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:395 +msgid "" +"probe python.function.entry\n" +"{\n" +" printf(\"%s => %s in %s:%d\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"probe python.function.return\n" +"{\n" +" printf(\"%s <= %s in %s:%d\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(-1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"probe python.function.entry\n" +"{\n" +" printf(\"%s => %s in %s:%d\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"probe python.function.return\n" +"{\n" +" printf(\"%s <= %s in %s:%d\\n\",\n" +" thread_indent(-1), funcname, filename, lineno);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:410 +msgid "" +"The following script uses the tapset above to provide a top-like view of all" +" running CPython code, showing the top 20 most frequently entered bytecode " +"frames, each second, across the whole system:" +msgstr "" +"下面的脚本使用上面的 tapset 来提供所有运行中的 CPython 代码的类似 top 的视图，显示了整个系统中每一秒内前 20 " +"个最频繁进入的字节码帧:" + +#: ../../howto/instrumentation.rst:414 +msgid "" +"global fn_calls;\n" +"\n" +"probe python.function.entry\n" +"{\n" +" fn_calls[pid(), filename, funcname, lineno] += 1;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"probe timer.ms(1000) {\n" +" printf(\"\\033[2J\\033[1;1H\") /* clear screen \\*/\n" +" printf(\"%6s %80s %6s %30s %6s\\n\",\n" +" \"PID\", \"FILENAME\", \"LINE\", \"FUNCTION\", \"CALLS\")\n" +" foreach ([pid, filename, funcname, lineno] in fn_calls- limit 20) {\n" +" printf(\"%6d %80s %6d %30s %6d\\n\",\n" +" pid, filename, lineno, funcname,\n" +" fn_calls[pid, filename, funcname, lineno]);\n" +" }\n" +" delete fn_calls;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"global fn_calls;\n" +"\n" +"probe python.function.entry\n" +"{\n" +" fn_calls[pid(), filename, funcname, lineno] += 1;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"probe timer.ms(1000) {\n" +" printf(\"\\033[2J\\033[1;1H\") /* clear screen \\*/\n" +" printf(\"%6s %80s %6s %30s %6s\\n\",\n" +" \"PID\", \"FILENAME\", \"LINE\", \"FUNCTION\", \"CALLS\")\n" +" foreach ([pid, filename, funcname, lineno] in fn_calls- limit 20) {\n" +" printf(\"%6d %80s %6d %30s %6d\\n\",\n" +" pid, filename, lineno, funcname,\n" +" fn_calls[pid, filename, funcname, lineno]);\n" +" }\n" +" delete fn_calls;\n" +"}" diff --git a/howto/ipaddress.po b/howto/ipaddress.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b02d6bac1 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/ipaddress.po @@ -0,0 +1,629 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# telnetning , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:9 +msgid "An introduction to the ipaddress module" +msgstr "ipaddress模块介绍" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:0 +msgid "author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:11 +msgid "Peter Moody" +msgstr "Peter Moody" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:12 +msgid "Nick Coghlan" +msgstr "Nick Coghlan" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst-1 +msgid "Overview" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This document aims to provide a gentle introduction to the :mod:`ipaddress` " +"module. It is aimed primarily at users that aren't already familiar with IP " +"networking terminology, but may also be useful to network engineers wanting " +"an overview of how :mod:`ipaddress` represents IP network addressing " +"concepts." +msgstr "" +"本文档旨在简要介绍 :mod:`ipaddress` 模块。 它主要针对那些不熟悉 IP 网络术语的用户，但也可能对想要速览 " +":mod:`ipaddress` 如何代表IP网络寻址概念的网络工程师有用。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:24 +msgid "Creating Address/Network/Interface objects" +msgstr "创建 Address/Network/Interface 对象" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Since :mod:`ipaddress` is a module for inspecting and manipulating IP " +"addresses, the first thing you'll want to do is create some objects. You " +"can use :mod:`ipaddress` to create objects from strings and integers." +msgstr "" +"因为 :mod:`ipaddress` 是一个用于检查和操作 IP 地址的模块，你要做的第一件事就是创建一些对象。 您可以使用 " +":mod:`ipaddress` 从字符串和整数创建对象。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:32 +msgid "A Note on IP Versions" +msgstr "关于IP版本的说明" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:34 +msgid "" +"For readers that aren't particularly familiar with IP addressing, it's " +"important to know that the Internet Protocol (IP) is currently in the " +"process of moving from version 4 of the protocol to version 6. This " +"transition is occurring largely because version 4 of the protocol doesn't " +"provide enough addresses to handle the needs of the whole world, especially " +"given the increasing number of devices with direct connections to the " +"internet." +msgstr "" +"对于不太熟悉 IP 寻址的读者来说，重要的一点是知道互联网协议 (IP) 目前正在从第 4 版协议迁移到第 6 版。 进行这样的迁移主要是因为第 4 " +"版协议无法提供足够的地址来满足全世界的需求，特别是考虑到有越来越多的设备连接到了互联网中。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Explaining the details of the differences between the two versions of the " +"protocol is beyond the scope of this introduction, but readers need to at " +"least be aware that these two versions exist, and it will sometimes be " +"necessary to force the use of one version or the other." +msgstr "解释协议的两个版本之间的差异的细节超出了本介绍的范围，但读者需要至少知道存在这两个版本，并且有时需要强制使用一个版本或其他版本。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:48 +msgid "IP Host Addresses" +msgstr "IP主机地址" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Addresses, often referred to as \"host addresses\" are the most basic unit " +"when working with IP addressing. The simplest way to create addresses is to " +"use the :func:`ipaddress.ip_address` factory function, which automatically " +"determines whether to create an IPv4 or IPv6 address based on the passed in " +"value:" +msgstr "" +"通常称为“主机地址”的地址是使用IP寻址时最基本的单元。 创建地址的最简单方法是使用 :func:`ipaddress.ip_address` " +"工厂函数，该函数根据传入的值自动确定是创建 IPv4 还是 IPv6 地址：" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Addresses can also be created directly from integers. Values that will fit " +"within 32 bits are assumed to be IPv4 addresses::" +msgstr "地址也可以直接从整数创建，适配32位的值并假定为IPv4地址::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:64 +msgid "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(3221225985)\n" +"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(42540766411282592856903984951653826561)\n" +"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')" +msgstr "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(3221225985)\n" +"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(42540766411282592856903984951653826561)\n" +"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:69 +msgid "" +"To force the use of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses, the relevant classes can be " +"invoked directly. This is particularly useful to force creation of IPv6 " +"addresses for small integers::" +msgstr "要强制使用IPv4或IPv6地址，可以直接调用相关的类。 这对于强制为小整数创建IPv6地址特别有用::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:73 +msgid "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(1)\n" +"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(1)\n" +"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv6Address(1)\n" +"IPv6Address('::1')" +msgstr "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(1)\n" +"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(1)\n" +"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv6Address(1)\n" +"IPv6Address('::1')" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:82 +msgid "Defining Networks" +msgstr "定义网络" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Host addresses are usually grouped together into IP networks, so " +":mod:`ipaddress` provides a way to create, inspect and manipulate network " +"definitions. IP network objects are constructed from strings that define the" +" range of host addresses that are part of that network. The simplest form " +"for that information is a \"network address/network prefix\" pair, where the" +" prefix defines the number of leading bits that are compared to determine " +"whether or not an address is part of the network and the network address " +"defines the expected value of those bits." +msgstr "" +"主机地址通常组合在一起形成IP网络，因此 :mod:`ipaddress` 提供了一种创建、检查和操作网络定义的方法。 " +"IP网络对象由字符串构成，这些字符串定义作为该网络一部分的主机地址范围。 " +"该信息的最简单形式是“网络地址/网络前缀”对，其中前缀定义了比较的前导比特数，以确定地址是否是网络的一部分，并且网络地址定义了那些位的预期值。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:93 +msgid "" +"As for addresses, a factory function is provided that determines the correct" +" IP version automatically::" +msgstr "对于地址，提供了一个自动确定正确IP版本的工厂函数::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:96 +msgid "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('2001:db8::0/96')\n" +"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')" +msgstr "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('2001:db8::0/96')\n" +"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Network objects cannot have any host bits set. The practical effect of this" +" is that ``192.0.2.1/24`` does not describe a network. Such definitions are" +" referred to as interface objects since the ip-on-a-network notation is " +"commonly used to describe network interfaces of a computer on a given " +"network and are described further in the next section." +msgstr "" +"网络对象不能设置任何主机位。 这样做的实际效果是 ``192.0.2.1/24`` 没有描述网络。 " +"这种定义被称为接口对象，因为网络上IP表示法通常用于描述给定网络上的计算机的网络接口，并在下一节中进一步描述。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:107 +msgid "" +"By default, attempting to create a network object with host bits set will " +"result in :exc:`ValueError` being raised. To request that the additional " +"bits instead be coerced to zero, the flag ``strict=False`` can be passed to " +"the constructor::" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，尝试创建一个设置了主机位的网络对象将导致 :exc:`ValueError` 被引发。 要请求将附加位强制为零，可以将标志 " +"``strict=False`` 传递给构造函数::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:112 +msgid "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.1/24')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: 192.0.2.1/24 has host bits set\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.1/24', strict=False)\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')" +msgstr "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.1/24')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: 192.0.2.1/24 has host bits set\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.1/24', strict=False)\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:119 +msgid "" +"While the string form offers significantly more flexibility, networks can " +"also be defined with integers, just like host addresses. In this case, the " +"network is considered to contain only the single address identified by the " +"integer, so the network prefix includes the entire network address::" +msgstr "" +"虽然字符串形式提供了更大的灵活性，但网络也可以用整数定义，就像主机地址一样。 " +"在这种情况下，网络被认为只包含由整数标识的单个地址，因此网络前缀包括整个网络地址::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:124 +msgid "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network(3221225984)\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/32')\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network(42540766411282592856903984951653826560)\n" +"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/128')" +msgstr "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network(3221225984)\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/32')\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network(42540766411282592856903984951653826560)\n" +"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/128')" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:129 +msgid "" +"As with addresses, creation of a particular kind of network can be forced by" +" calling the class constructor directly instead of using the factory " +"function." +msgstr "与地址一样，可以通过直接调用类构造函数而不是使用工厂函数来强制创建特定类型的网络。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:135 +msgid "Host Interfaces" +msgstr "主机接口" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:137 +msgid "" +"As mentioned just above, if you need to describe an address on a particular " +"network, neither the address nor the network classes are sufficient. " +"Notation like ``192.0.2.1/24`` is commonly used by network engineers and the" +" people who write tools for firewalls and routers as shorthand for \"the " +"host ``192.0.2.1`` on the network ``192.0.2.0/24``\", Accordingly, " +":mod:`ipaddress` provides a set of hybrid classes that associate an address " +"with a particular network. The interface for creation is identical to that " +"for defining network objects, except that the address portion isn't " +"constrained to being a network address." +msgstr "" +"如上所述，如果您需要描述特定网络上的地址，则地址和网络类都不够。 像 ``192.0.2.1/24`` " +"这样的表示法通常被网络工程师和为防火墙和路由器编写工具的人用作“ ``192.0.2.0/24`` 网络上的主机 ``192.0.2.1`` " +"”的简写。因此，:mod:`ipaddress` " +"提供了一组将地址与特定网络相关联的混合类。用于创建的接口与用于定义网络对象的接口相同，除了地址部分不限于是网络地址。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Integer inputs are accepted (as with networks), and use of a particular IP " +"version can be forced by calling the relevant constructor directly." +msgstr "接受整数输入（与网络一样），并且可以通过直接调用相关构造函数来强制使用特定IP版本。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:157 +msgid "Inspecting Address/Network/Interface Objects" +msgstr "审查 Address/Network/Interface 对象" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:159 +msgid "" +"You've gone to the trouble of creating an " +"IPv(4|6)(Address|Network|Interface) object, so you probably want to get " +"information about it. :mod:`ipaddress` tries to make doing this easy and " +"intuitive." +msgstr "" +"你已经遇到了创建IPv(4|6)(Address|Network|Interface) 对象的麻烦，因此你可能希望获得有关它的信息。 " +":mod:`ipaddress` 试图让这个过程变得简单直观。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:163 +msgid "Extracting the IP version::" +msgstr "提取 IP 版本::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:165 +msgid "" +">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> addr6 = ipaddress.ip_address('2001:db8::1')\n" +">>> addr6.version\n" +"6\n" +">>> addr4.version\n" +"4" +msgstr "" +">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> addr6 = ipaddress.ip_address('2001:db8::1')\n" +">>> addr6.version\n" +"6\n" +">>> addr4.version\n" +"4" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:172 +msgid "Obtaining the network from an interface::" +msgstr "从接口获取网络::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:174 +msgid "" +">>> host4 = ipaddress.ip_interface('192.0.2.1/24')\n" +">>> host4.network\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> host6 = ipaddress.ip_interface('2001:db8::1/96')\n" +">>> host6.network\n" +"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')" +msgstr "" +">>> host4 = ipaddress.ip_interface('192.0.2.1/24')\n" +">>> host4.network\n" +"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> host6 = ipaddress.ip_interface('2001:db8::1/96')\n" +">>> host6.network\n" +"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:181 +msgid "Finding out how many individual addresses are in a network::" +msgstr "找出网络中有多少独立地址::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:183 +msgid "" +">>> net4 = ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> net4.num_addresses\n" +"256\n" +">>> net6 = ipaddress.ip_network('2001:db8::0/96')\n" +">>> net6.num_addresses\n" +"4294967296" +msgstr "" +">>> net4 = ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> net4.num_addresses\n" +"256\n" +">>> net6 = ipaddress.ip_network('2001:db8::0/96')\n" +">>> net6.num_addresses\n" +"4294967296" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:190 +msgid "Iterating through the \"usable\" addresses on a network::" +msgstr "迭代网络上的“可用”地址::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:192 +msgid "" +">>> net4 = ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> for x in net4.hosts():\n" +"... print(x)\n" +"192.0.2.1\n" +"192.0.2.2\n" +"192.0.2.3\n" +"192.0.2.4\n" +"...\n" +"192.0.2.252\n" +"192.0.2.253\n" +"192.0.2.254" +msgstr "" +">>> net4 = ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +">>> for x in net4.hosts():\n" +"... print(x)\n" +"192.0.2.1\n" +"192.0.2.2\n" +"192.0.2.3\n" +"192.0.2.4\n" +"...\n" +"192.0.2.252\n" +"192.0.2.253\n" +"192.0.2.254" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Obtaining the netmask (i.e. set bits corresponding to the network prefix) or" +" the hostmask (any bits that are not part of the netmask):" +msgstr "获取网络掩码（即对应于网络前缀的设置位）或主机掩码（不属于网络掩码的任何位）：" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:220 +msgid "Exploding or compressing the address::" +msgstr "展开或压缩地址::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:222 +msgid "" +">>> addr6.exploded\n" +"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001'\n" +">>> addr6.compressed\n" +"'2001:db8::1'\n" +">>> net6.exploded\n" +"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/96'\n" +">>> net6.compressed\n" +"'2001:db8::/96'" +msgstr "" +">>> addr6.exploded\n" +"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001'\n" +">>> addr6.compressed\n" +"'2001:db8::1'\n" +">>> net6.exploded\n" +"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/96'\n" +">>> net6.compressed\n" +"'2001:db8::/96'" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:231 +msgid "" +"While IPv4 doesn't support explosion or compression, the associated objects " +"still provide the relevant properties so that version neutral code can " +"easily ensure the most concise or most verbose form is used for IPv6 " +"addresses while still correctly handling IPv4 addresses." +msgstr "" +"虽然IPv4不支持展开或压缩，但关联对象仍提供相关属性，因此版本中性代码可以轻松确保最简洁或最详细的形式用于IPv6地址，同时仍能正确处理IPv4地址。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:238 +msgid "Networks as lists of Addresses" +msgstr "Network 作为 Address 列表" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:240 +msgid "" +"It's sometimes useful to treat networks as lists. This means it is possible" +" to index them like this::" +msgstr "将网络视为列表有时很有用。 这意味着它可以像这样索引它们::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:243 +msgid "" +">>> net4[1]\n" +"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> net4[-1]\n" +"IPv4Address('192.0.2.255')\n" +">>> net6[1]\n" +"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')\n" +">>> net6[-1]\n" +"IPv6Address('2001:db8::ffff:ffff')" +msgstr "" +">>> net4[1]\n" +"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> net4[-1]\n" +"IPv4Address('192.0.2.255')\n" +">>> net6[1]\n" +"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')\n" +">>> net6[-1]\n" +"IPv6Address('2001:db8::ffff:ffff')" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:253 +msgid "" +"It also means that network objects lend themselves to using the list " +"membership test syntax like this::" +msgstr "它还意味着网络对象可以使用像这样的列表成员测试语法::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:256 +msgid "" +"if address in network:\n" +" # do something" +msgstr "" +"if address in network:\n" +" # 执行某种操作" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:259 +msgid "Containment testing is done efficiently based on the network prefix::" +msgstr "根据网络前缀有效地完成包含性测试::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:261 +msgid "" +">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> addr4 in ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +"True\n" +">>> addr4 in ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.3.0/24')\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> addr4 in ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n" +"True\n" +">>> addr4 in ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.3.0/24')\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:269 +msgid "Comparisons" +msgstr "比较运算" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:271 +msgid "" +":mod:`ipaddress` provides some simple, hopefully intuitive ways to compare " +"objects, where it makes sense::" +msgstr ":mod:`ipaddress` 有意义地提供了一些简单、希望直观的比较对象的方法::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:274 +msgid "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1') < ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.2')\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1') < ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.2')\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:277 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised if you try to compare objects of " +"different versions or different types." +msgstr "如果你尝试比较不同版本或不同类型的对象，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:282 +msgid "Using IP Addresses with other modules" +msgstr "将IP地址与其他模块一起使用" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Other modules that use IP addresses (such as :mod:`socket`) usually won't " +"accept objects from this module directly. Instead, they must be coerced to " +"an integer or string that the other module will accept::" +msgstr "" +"其他使用IP地址的模块（例如 :mod:`socket` ）通常不会直接接受来自该模块的对象。 " +"相反，它们必须被强制转换为另一个模块可接受的整数或字符串::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:288 +msgid "" +">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> str(addr4)\n" +"'192.0.2.1'\n" +">>> int(addr4)\n" +"3221225985" +msgstr "" +">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n" +">>> str(addr4)\n" +"'192.0.2.1'\n" +">>> int(addr4)\n" +"3221225985" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:296 +msgid "Getting more detail when instance creation fails" +msgstr "实例创建失败时获取更多详细信息" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:298 +msgid "" +"When creating address/network/interface objects using the version-agnostic " +"factory functions, any errors will be reported as :exc:`ValueError` with a " +"generic error message that simply says the passed in value was not " +"recognized as an object of that type. The lack of a specific error is " +"because it's necessary to know whether the value is *supposed* to be IPv4 or" +" IPv6 in order to provide more detail on why it has been rejected." +msgstr "" +"使用与版本无关的工厂函数创建 address/network/interface 对象时，任何错误都将报告为 :exc:`ValueError` " +"，带有一般错误消息，只是说传入的值未被识别为该类型的对象。 " +"缺少特定错误是因为有必要知道该值是*假设*是IPv4还是IPv6，以便提供有关其被拒绝原因的更多详细信息。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:305 +msgid "" +"To support use cases where it is useful to have access to this additional " +"detail, the individual class constructors actually raise the " +":exc:`ValueError` subclasses :exc:`ipaddress.AddressValueError` and " +":exc:`ipaddress.NetmaskValueError` to indicate exactly which part of the " +"definition failed to parse correctly." +msgstr "" +"为了支持访问这些额外细节的用例，各个类构造函数实际上引发了 :exc:`ValueError` 子类 " +":exc:`ipaddress.AddressValueError` 和 :exc:`ipaddress.NetmaskValueError` " +"以准确指示定义的哪一部分无法正确解析。" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:311 +msgid "" +"The error messages are significantly more detailed when using the class " +"constructors directly. For example::" +msgstr "直接使用类构造函数时，错误消息更加详细。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:314 +msgid "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(\"192.168.0.256\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: '192.168.0.256' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(\"192.168.0.256\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ipaddress.AddressValueError: Octet 256 (> 255) not permitted in '192.168.0.256'\n" +"\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network(\"192.168.0.1/64\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: '192.168.0.1/64' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Network(\"192.168.0.1/64\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ipaddress.NetmaskValueError: '64' is not a valid netmask" +msgstr "" +">>> ipaddress.ip_address(\"192.168.0.256\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: '192.168.0.256' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(\"192.168.0.256\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ipaddress.AddressValueError: Octet 256 (> 255) not permitted in '192.168.0.256'\n" +"\n" +">>> ipaddress.ip_network(\"192.168.0.1/64\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: '192.168.0.1/64' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Network(\"192.168.0.1/64\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ipaddress.NetmaskValueError: '64' is not a valid netmask" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:332 +msgid "" +"However, both of the module specific exceptions have :exc:`ValueError` as " +"their parent class, so if you're not concerned with the particular type of " +"error, you can still write code like the following::" +msgstr "" +"但是，两个模块特定的异常都有 :exc:`ValueError` 作为它们的父类，所以如果你不关心特定类型的错误，你仍然可以编写如下代码::" + +#: ../../howto/ipaddress.rst:336 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" network = ipaddress.IPv4Network(address)\n" +"except ValueError:\n" +" print('address/netmask is invalid for IPv4:', address)" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" network = ipaddress.IPv4Network(address)\n" +"except ValueError:\n" +" print('address/netmask is invalid for IPv4:', address)" diff --git a/howto/isolating-extensions.po b/howto/isolating-extensions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e636b8da --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/isolating-extensions.po @@ -0,0 +1,1144 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2022 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022 +# ppcfish , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-05 19:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:7 +msgid "Isolating Extension Modules" +msgstr "隔离扩展模块" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst-1 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "摘要" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Traditionally, state belonging to Python extension modules was kept in C " +"``static`` variables, which have process-wide scope. This document describes" +" problems of such per-process state and shows a safer way: per-module state." +msgstr "" +"在传统上，属于 Python 扩展模块的状态都是保存为 C ``static`` 变量，它们具有进程级的作用域。 " +"本文档描述了此类进程级状态的问题并演示了一种更安全的方式：模块级状态。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The document also describes how to switch to per-module state where " +"possible. This transition involves allocating space for that state, " +"potentially switching from static types to heap types, and—perhaps most " +"importantly—accessing per-module state from code." +msgstr "" +"本文档还描述了如何在可能的情况下切换到模块级状态。 这种转换涉及为状态分配空间、从静态类型到堆类型的潜在切换，以及 — 也许是最重要的 — " +"从代码访问模块级状态。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:23 +msgid "Who should read this" +msgstr "谁应当阅读本文档" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:25 +msgid "" +"This guide is written for maintainers of :ref:`C-API ` " +"extensions who would like to make that extension safer to use in " +"applications where Python itself is used as a library." +msgstr "" +"本指南是针对想要让扩展更安全地在将 Python 本身用作库的应用程序中使用的 :ref:`C-API ` 扩展维护者撰写的。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:31 +msgid "Background" +msgstr "背景" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:33 +msgid "" +"An *interpreter* is the context in which Python code runs. It contains " +"configuration (e.g. the import path) and runtime state (e.g. the set of " +"imported modules)." +msgstr "*解释器* 是 Python 代码运行所在的上下文。 它包含配置（例如导入路径）和运行时状态（例如已导入模块的集合）。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Python supports running multiple interpreters in one process. There are two " +"cases to think about—users may run interpreters:" +msgstr "Python 支持在一个进程中运行多个解释器。 这里有两种情况需要考虑 — 用户可能会以下列方式运行解释器:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:40 +msgid "" +"in sequence, with several :c:func:`Py_InitializeEx`/:c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` " +"cycles, and" +msgstr "串行，使用多个 :c:func:`Py_InitializeEx`/:c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` 循环，以及" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:42 +msgid "" +"in parallel, managing \"sub-interpreters\" using " +":c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`/:c:func:`Py_EndInterpreter`." +msgstr "" +"并行，使用 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`/:c:func:`Py_EndInterpreter` 管理多个“子解释器”。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Both cases (and combinations of them) would be most useful when embedding " +"Python within a library. Libraries generally shouldn't make assumptions " +"about the application that uses them, which include assuming a process-wide " +"\"main Python interpreter\"." +msgstr "" +"这两种情况（以及它们的组合）最适用于将 Python 嵌入到某个库中。 库通常不应假定使用它们的应用程序，这包括假定存在一个进程级的“主 Python " +"解释器”。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Historically, Python extension modules don't handle this use case well. Many" +" extension modules (and even some stdlib modules) use *per-process* global " +"state, because C ``static`` variables are extremely easy to use. Thus, data " +"that should be specific to an interpreter ends up being shared between " +"interpreters. Unless the extension developer is careful, it is very easy to " +"introduce edge cases that lead to crashes when a module is loaded in more " +"than one interpreter in the same process." +msgstr "" +"在历史上，Python 扩展模块对这种应用场景处理不佳。 许多扩展模块（甚至是某些标准库模块）都是使用 *进程内共享* 的全局状态，因为 C " +"``static`` 变量十分易用。 结果，本应专属于某个解释器的数据最终却被多个解释器所共享。 " +"除非扩展的开发者小心谨慎，否则当一个模块被相同进程内的多个解释器导入时很容易引入会导致崩溃的边界情况。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, *per-interpreter* state is not easy to achieve. Extension " +"authors tend to not keep multiple interpreters in mind when developing, and " +"it is currently cumbersome to test the behavior." +msgstr "不幸的是，*解释器级* 状态很不容易做到。 扩展的作者在开发中总是倾向于不考虑多解释器的情况，并且目前要测试此类行为也是很困难的。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:63 +msgid "Enter Per-Module State" +msgstr "进入模块级状态" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Instead of focusing on per-interpreter state, Python's C API is evolving to " +"better support the more granular *per-module* state. This means that C-level" +" data should be attached to a *module object*. Each interpreter creates its " +"own module object, keeping the data separate. For testing the isolation, " +"multiple module objects corresponding to a single extension can even be " +"loaded in a single interpreter." +msgstr "" +"Python 的 C API 不是专注于解释器级状态，而是演化为更好地支持更细粒度的 *模块级* 状态。 这意味着 C 层级数据应当关联到 " +"*模块对象*。 每个解释器都会创建自己的模块对象，保持数据的相互分隔。 要测试这种分隔，甚至可以在单个解释器中加载对应于单个扩展的多个模块对象。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Per-module state provides an easy way to think about lifetime and resource " +"ownership: the extension module will initialize when a module object is " +"created, and clean up when it's freed. In this regard, a module is just like" +" any other :c:expr:`PyObject *`; there are no \"on interpreter shutdown\" " +"hooks to think—or forget—about." +msgstr "" +"模块级状态提供了一种处理生命周期和资源归属的简单方式：扩展模块将在模块对象被创建时初始化，并在其释放时被清理。 在这一点上，模块就像是任何其他的 " +":c:expr:`PyObject *`；没有必要添加 — 或者去除 — 处理“解释器关闭”的钩子。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Note that there are use cases for different kinds of \"globals\": per-" +"process, per-interpreter, per-thread or per-task state. With per-module " +"state as the default, these are still possible, but you should treat them as" +" exceptional cases: if you need them, you should give them additional care " +"and testing. (Note that this guide does not cover them.)" +msgstr "" +"请注意各种不同“全局”状态：进程级、解释器级、线程级状态的应用场景。 " +"默认为模块级状态，其他状态也是可选择的，但你应当将它们视为特殊情况：如果你需要它们，你应当给予它们额外的关注和测试。 （请注意本指南并没有涉及它们。）" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:87 +msgid "Isolated Module Objects" +msgstr "隔离的模块对象" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:89 +msgid "" +"The key point to keep in mind when developing an extension module is that " +"several module objects can be created from a single shared library. For " +"example:" +msgstr "在开发扩展模块时要记住的关键点是多个模块对象可以从单个共享库来创建。 例如:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:93 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> import binascii\n" +">>> old_binascii = binascii\n" +">>> del sys.modules['binascii']\n" +">>> import binascii # create a new module object\n" +">>> old_binascii == binascii\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> import binascii\n" +">>> old_binascii = binascii\n" +">>> del sys.modules['binascii']\n" +">>> import binascii # create a new module object\n" +">>> old_binascii == binascii\n" +"False" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:103 +msgid "" +"As a rule of thumb, the two modules should be completely independent. All " +"objects and state specific to the module should be encapsulated within the " +"module object, not shared with other module objects, and cleaned up when the" +" module object is deallocated. Since this just is a rule of thumb, " +"exceptions are possible (see `Managing Global State`_), but they will need " +"more thought and attention to edge cases." +msgstr "" +"作为经验法则，这两个模块应该是完全独立的。 模块专属的所有对象和状态应该被封装在模块对象内部，不与其他模块对象共享，并在模块对象被释放时进行清理。 " +"由于这只是一个经验法则，例外情况也是可能的（参见 `Managing Global State`_)，但这将需要更多的考虑并注意边界情况。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:111 +msgid "" +"While some modules could do with less stringent restrictions, isolated " +"modules make it easier to set clear expectations and guidelines that work " +"across a variety of use cases." +msgstr "虽然有些模块不用太多的严格限制，但是隔离的模块使得更容易制定适合各种应用场景的明确期望和指南。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:117 +msgid "Surprising Edge Cases" +msgstr "令人惊讶的边界情况" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Note that isolated modules do create some surprising edge cases. Most " +"notably, each module object will typically not share its classes and " +"exceptions with other similar modules. Continuing from the `example above " +"`__, note that ``old_binascii.Error`` and " +"``binascii.Error`` are separate objects. In the following code, the " +"exception is *not* caught:" +msgstr "" +"请注意隔离的模块会创造一些令人惊讶的边界情况。 最明显的一点，每个模块对象通常都不会与其他类似模块共享它的类和异常。 继续 `上面的例子 " +"`__，请注意 ``old_binascii.Error`` 和 " +"``binascii.Error`` 是单独的对象。 在下面的代码中，异常 *不会* 被捕获:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:126 +msgid "" +">>> old_binascii.Error == binascii.Error\n" +"False\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... old_binascii.unhexlify(b'qwertyuiop')\n" +"... except binascii.Error:\n" +"... print('boo')\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +"binascii.Error: Non-hexadecimal digit found" +msgstr "" +">>> old_binascii.Error == binascii.Error\n" +"False\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... old_binascii.unhexlify(b'qwertyuiop')\n" +"... except binascii.Error:\n" +"... print('boo')\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +"binascii.Error: Non-hexadecimal digit found" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:139 +msgid "" +"This is expected. Notice that pure-Python modules behave the same way: it is" +" a part of how Python works." +msgstr "这是预期的结果。 请注意纯 Python 模块的行为相同：它是 Python 语言特性的一部分。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:142 +msgid "" +"The goal is to make extension modules safe at the C level, not to make hacks" +" behave intuitively. Mutating ``sys.modules`` \"manually\" counts as a hack." +msgstr "最终目标是让扩展模块在 C 层级上保持安全，使破坏不容易实现。 “手动”改变 ``sys.modules`` 被视为是破坏行为。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:148 +msgid "Making Modules Safe with Multiple Interpreters" +msgstr "让多解释器下模块保持安全" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:152 +msgid "Managing Global State" +msgstr "管理全局状态" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, the state associated with a Python module is not specific to that" +" module, but to the entire process (or something else \"more global\" than a" +" module). For example:" +msgstr "有时，与一个 Python 模块相关联的状态并不是该模块专属的，而是整个进程（或者比模块“更全局化”的其他东西）共享。 例如:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:158 +msgid "The ``readline`` module manages *the* terminal." +msgstr "``readline`` 模块管理 *一个* 终端。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:159 +msgid "" +"A module running on a circuit board wants to control *the* on-board LED." +msgstr "在电路板上运行的模块想要控制 *一个* 板载 LED。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:162 +msgid "" +"In these cases, the Python module should provide *access* to the global " +"state, rather than *own* it. If possible, write the module so that multiple " +"copies of it can access the state independently (along with other libraries," +" whether for Python or other languages). If that is not possible, consider " +"explicit locking." +msgstr "" +"在这些情况下，Python 模块应当提供对全局状态的 *访问*，而不是 *拥有* 它。 " +"如果可能，编写模块时要让它的多个副本可以独立地访问全局状态（能配合其它的库，不论它们是使用 Python 还是其他语言）。 " +"如果这无法做到，可考虑显式加锁。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:168 +msgid "" +"If it is necessary to use process-global state, the simplest way to avoid " +"issues with multiple interpreters is to explicitly prevent a module from " +"being loaded more than once per process—see `Opt-Out: Limiting to One Module" +" Object per Process`_." +msgstr "" +"如果有必要使用进程级全局状态，避免多解释器相关问题的最简单的方式是显式地阻止模块在一个进程中被多次加载 — 参见 " +"`回退选项：每个进程限一个模块对象`_。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:175 +msgid "Managing Per-Module State" +msgstr "管理模块级状态" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:177 +msgid "" +"To use per-module state, use :ref:`multi-phase extension module " +"initialization `. This signals that your module " +"supports multiple interpreters correctly." +msgstr "" +"要使用模块级状态，请使用 :ref:`多阶段扩展模块初始化 `。 " +"这将标示你的模块能正确地支持多解释器。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Set ``PyModuleDef.m_size`` to a positive number to request that many bytes " +"of storage local to the module. Usually, this will be set to the size of " +"some module-specific ``struct``, which can store all of the module's C-level" +" state. In particular, it is where you should put pointers to classes " +"(including exceptions, but excluding static types) and settings (e.g. " +"``csv``'s :py:data:`~csv.field_size_limit`) which the C code needs to " +"function." +msgstr "" +"将 ``PyModuleDef.m_size`` 设为一个正数来为模块请求指定字节的本地存储。 通常，这将被设为某个模块专属 ``struct`` " +"的大小，它可以保存模块的所有 C 层级状态。 特别地，它应当是你存放类指针（包括异常，但不包括静态类型）和 C 代码正常运作所需设置（如 ``csv``" +" 的 :py:data:`~csv.field_size_limit` 等）的地方。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Another option is to store state in the module's ``__dict__``, but you must " +"avoid crashing when users modify ``__dict__`` from Python code. This usually" +" means error- and type-checking at the C level, which is easy to get wrong " +"and hard to test sufficiently." +msgstr "" +"另一个选项是将状态保存在模块的 ``__dict__`` 中，但你必须避免当用户从 Python 代码中修改 ``__dict__`` 导致的程序崩溃。" +" 这通常意味着要在 C 层级上进行错误和类型检查，很容易弄错又很难充分测试。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:195 +msgid "" +"However, if module state is not needed in C code, storing it in ``__dict__``" +" only is a good idea." +msgstr "但是，如果 C 代码不需要模块状态，则仅将其保存在 ``__dict__`` 中就是一个好主意。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:198 +msgid "" +"If the module state includes ``PyObject`` pointers, the module object must " +"hold references to those objects and implement the module-level hooks " +"``m_traverse``, ``m_clear`` and ``m_free``. These work like ``tp_traverse``," +" ``tp_clear`` and ``tp_free`` of a class. Adding them will require some work" +" and make the code longer; this is the price for modules which can be " +"unloaded cleanly." +msgstr "" +"如果模块状态包括 ``PyObject`` 指针，则模块对象必须持有对这些对象的引用并实现模块层级的钩子 ``m_traverse``, " +"``m_clear`` 和 ``m_free``。 它们的作用方式很像类的 ``tp_traverse``, ``tp_clear`` 和 " +"``tp_free``。 添加它们将会增加工作量并使代码更冗长；这是为了让模块能干净地卸载所需的代价。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:205 +msgid "" +"An example of a module with per-module state is currently available as " +"`xxlimited " +"`__; " +"example module initialization shown at the bottom of the file." +msgstr "" +"带有模块级状态的模块示例目前可在 `xxlimited " +"`__ " +"获取；模块初始化的示例见文件的末尾部分。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:211 +msgid "Opt-Out: Limiting to One Module Object per Process" +msgstr "回退选项：每个进程限一个模块对象" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:213 +msgid "" +"A non-negative ``PyModuleDef.m_size`` signals that a module supports " +"multiple interpreters correctly. If this is not yet the case for your " +"module, you can explicitly make your module loadable only once per process. " +"For example::" +msgstr "" +"非负的 ``PyModuleDef.m_size`` 值表示一个模块能正确地支持多解释器。 " +"如果你的模块还不能做到这样，你可以显式地设置你的模块在每个进程中只能加载一次。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:218 +msgid "" +"static int loaded = 0;\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"exec_module(PyObject* module)\n" +"{\n" +" if (loaded) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,\n" +" \"cannot load module more than once per process\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" loaded = 1;\n" +" // ... rest of initialization\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int loaded = 0;\n" +"\n" +"static int\n" +"exec_module(PyObject* module)\n" +"{\n" +" if (loaded) {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError,\n" +" \"cannot load module more than once per process\");\n" +" return -1;\n" +" }\n" +" loaded = 1;\n" +" // ... 初始化的其余部分\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:234 +msgid "Module State Access from Functions" +msgstr "函数对模块状态的访问" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Accessing the state from module-level functions is straightforward. " +"Functions get the module object as their first argument; for extracting the " +"state, you can use ``PyModule_GetState``::" +msgstr "" +"从模块层级的函数访问状态是相当直观的。 函数通过它们的第一个参数获得模块对象；要提取状态，你可以使用 ``PyModule_GetState``::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:240 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"func(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyModule_GetState(module);\n" +" if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" // ... rest of logic\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"func(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)\n" +"{\n" +" my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyModule_GetState(module);\n" +" if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" // ... 其余的逻辑\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:251 +msgid "" +"``PyModule_GetState`` may return ``NULL`` without setting an exception if " +"there is no module state, i.e. ``PyModuleDef.m_size`` was zero. In your own " +"module, you're in control of ``m_size``, so this is easy to prevent." +msgstr "" +"如果模块状态不存在则 ``PyModule_GetState`` 可能返回 ``NULL`` 而不设置异常，即 " +"``PyModuleDef.m_size`` 为零。 在你自己的模块中，你可以任意控制 ``m_size``，因此这很容易避免。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:258 +msgid "Heap Types" +msgstr "堆类型" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Traditionally, types defined in C code are *static*; that is, ``static " +"PyTypeObject`` structures defined directly in code and initialized using " +"``PyType_Ready()``." +msgstr "" +"在传统上，在 C 代码中定义的类型都是 *静态的*；也就是说，``static PyTypeObject`` 结构体在代码中直接定义并使用 " +"``PyType_Ready()`` 来初始化。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Such types are necessarily shared across the process. Sharing them between " +"module objects requires paying attention to any state they own or access. To" +" limit the possible issues, static types are immutable at the Python level: " +"for example, you can't set ``str.myattribute = 123``." +msgstr "" +"这样的类型必须在进程范围内共享。 在模块对象之间共享它们需要注意它们所拥有或访问的任何状态。 要限制可能出现的问题，静态类型在 Python " +"层级上是不可变的：例如，你无法设置 ``str.myattribute = 123``。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Sharing truly immutable objects between interpreters is fine, as long as " +"they don't provide access to mutable objects. However, in CPython, every " +"Python object has a mutable implementation detail: the reference count. " +"Changes to the refcount are guarded by the GIL. Thus, code that shares any " +"Python objects across interpreters implicitly depends on CPython's current, " +"process-wide GIL." +msgstr "" +"在解释器之间共享真正不可变的对象是可行的，只要它们不提供对可变对象的访问。 但是，在 CPython 中，每个 Python " +"对象都有一个可变的实现细节：引用计数。 对引用计数的更改是由 GIL 来保护的。 因此，跨解释器共享任何 Python 对象的代码都隐式地依赖于 " +"CPython 现有的、进程级的 GIL。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Because they are immutable and process-global, static types cannot access " +"\"their\" module state. If any method of such a type requires access to " +"module state, the type must be converted to a *heap-allocated type*, or " +"*heap type* for short. These correspond more closely to classes created by " +"Python's ``class`` statement." +msgstr "" +"因为它们是不可变的进程级全局对象，所以静态类型无法访问“它们的”模块状态。 如果任何此种类型的方法需要访问模块状态，则该类型必须被转换为 " +"*堆分配类型*，或者简称为 *堆类型*。 此种类型相对更接近由 Python 的 ``class`` 语句所创建的类。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:284 +msgid "For new modules, using heap types by default is a good rule of thumb." +msgstr "对于新模块，默认使用堆类型是一个很好的经验法则。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:288 +msgid "Changing Static Types to Heap Types" +msgstr "将静态类型改为堆类型" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Static types can be converted to heap types, but note that the heap type API" +" was not designed for \"lossless\" conversion from static types—that is, " +"creating a type that works exactly like a given static type. So, when " +"rewriting the class definition in a new API, you are likely to " +"unintentionally change a few details (e.g. pickleability or inherited " +"slots). Always test the details that are important to you." +msgstr "" +"静态类型可以转换为堆类型，但要注意堆类型 API 并非针对静态类型的“无损”转换 — 也就是说，创建与给定静态类型完全一致的类型来设计的。 " +"因此，当在新的 API 中重写类定义时，你很容易在无意中改变一些细节（例如可封存性或所继承的槽位等）。 请始终确保测试对你来说重要的细节。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Watch out for the following two points in particular (but note that this is " +"not a comprehensive list):" +msgstr "特别要关注以下两点（但请注意这并非一个完整的列表）:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:302 +msgid "" +"Unlike static types, heap type objects are mutable by default. Use the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` flag to prevent mutability." +msgstr "" +"不同于静态类型，堆类型对象默认是可变的。 请使用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` 旗标来防止可变性。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:304 +msgid "" +"Heap types inherit :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` by default, so it may " +"become possible to instantiate them from Python code. You can prevent this " +"with the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` flag." +msgstr "" +"堆类型默认继承 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`，因此有可能通过 Python 代码来初始化它们。 你可以使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` 旗标来防止此特性。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:310 +msgid "Defining Heap Types" +msgstr "定义堆类型" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Heap types can be created by filling a :c:struct:`PyType_Spec` structure, a " +"description or \"blueprint\" of a class, and calling " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` to construct a new class object." +msgstr "" +"堆类型可以通过填充 :c:struct:`PyType_Spec` 结构体来创建，它是对于特定类的描述或“蓝图”，并调用 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 来构造新的类对象。to construct a new class object." + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:317 +msgid "" +"Other functions, like :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`, can also create heap types," +" but :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` associates the module with the " +"class, allowing access to the module state from methods." +msgstr "" +"其他的函数，如 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`，也可以创建堆类型，但 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 会将模块关联到类，以允许从方法访问模块状态。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The class should generally be stored in *both* the module state (for safe " +"access from C) and the module's ``__dict__`` (for access from Python code)." +msgstr "" +"类通常应当 *同时* 保存在模块的状态（用于从 C 中安全地访问）和模块的 ``__dict__`` 中（用于从 Python 代码中访问）。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:327 +msgid "Garbage-Collection Protocol" +msgstr "垃圾回收协议" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Instances of heap types hold a reference to their type. This ensures that " +"the type isn't destroyed before all its instances are, but may result in " +"reference cycles that need to be broken by the garbage collector." +msgstr "堆类型的实例会持有一个指向其类型的引用。 这能确保类型的销毁不会发生在其实例之前，但可能会导致需要由垃圾回收器来打破的引用循环。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:334 +msgid "" +"To avoid memory leaks, instances of heap types must implement the garbage " +"collection protocol. That is, heap types should:" +msgstr "要避免内存泄漏，堆类型的实例必须实现垃圾回收协议。 也就是说，堆类型应当:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:338 +msgid "Have the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag." +msgstr "具有 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Define a traverse function using ``Py_tp_traverse``, which visits the type " +"(e.g. using ``Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self))``)." +msgstr "" +"定义一个使用 ``Py_tp_traverse`` 的遍历函数，它将访问该类型 (例如使用 ``Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self))``)。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Please refer to the documentation of :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` and " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` for additional considerations." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` " +"的文档以获取更多说明。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:346 +msgid "" +"The API for defining heap types grew organically, leaving it somewhat " +"awkward to use in its current state. The following sections will guide you " +"through common issues." +msgstr "定义堆类型的 API 在有机地增长，使得它目前的使用状况有些尴尬。 以下章节将引导您解决常见的问题。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:352 +msgid "``tp_traverse`` in Python 3.8 and lower" +msgstr "``tp_traverse`` 在 Python 3.8 及更低的版本中" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:354 +msgid "" +"The requirement to visit the type from ``tp_traverse`` was added in Python " +"3.9. If you support Python 3.8 and lower, the traverse function must *not* " +"visit the type, so it must be more complicated::" +msgstr "" +"从``tp_traverse`` 访问类型的要求是在 Python 3.9 中添加的。 如果你要支持 Python 3.8 及更低版本，则遍历函数 " +"*不可* 访问类型，因此必须使用更复杂的方式::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:358 +msgid "" +"static int my_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" if (Py_Version >= 0x03090000) {\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static int my_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)\n" +"{\n" +" if (Py_Version >= 0x03090000) {\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +" }\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, :c:data:`Py_Version` was only added in Python 3.11. As a " +"replacement, use:" +msgstr "不幸的是，:c:data:`Py_Version` 直到 Python 3.11 才被加入。 作为替代，请使用：" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:369 +msgid ":c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX`, if not using the stable ABI, or" +msgstr ":c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX`，如果不使用稳定 ABI 的话，或者" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:370 +msgid "" +":py:data:`sys.version_info` (via :c:func:`PySys_GetObject` and " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`)." +msgstr "" +":py:data:`sys.version_info` (通过 :c:func:`PySys_GetObject` 和 " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`)。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:375 +msgid "Delegating ``tp_traverse``" +msgstr "委托 ``tp_traverse``" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:377 +msgid "" +"If your traverse function delegates to the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` of its base class (or another type), " +"ensure that ``Py_TYPE(self)`` is visited only once. Note that only heap type" +" are expected to visit the type in ``tp_traverse``." +msgstr "" +"如果你的遍历函数委托给了其基类（或另一个类型）的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`，请确保 " +"``Py_TYPE(self)`` 只被访问一次。 请注意只有堆类型会被预期访问 ``tp_traverse`` 中的类型。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:382 +msgid "For example, if your traverse function includes::" +msgstr "举例来说，如果你的遍历函数包括::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:384 +msgid "base->tp_traverse(self, visit, arg)" +msgstr "base->tp_traverse(self, visit, arg)" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:386 +msgid "...and ``base`` may be a static type, then it should also include::" +msgstr "... 并且 ``base`` 可能是一个静态类型，则它也应当包括::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:388 +msgid "" +"if (base->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {\n" +" // a heap type's tp_traverse already visited Py_TYPE(self)\n" +"} else {\n" +" if (Py_Version >= 0x03090000) {\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"if (base->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {\n" +" // 一个堆类型的 tp_traverse 已经访问了 Py_TYPE(self)\n" +"} else {\n" +" if (Py_Version >= 0x03090000) {\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:396 +msgid "" +"It is not necessary to handle the type's reference count in " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear`." +msgstr "" +"不需要在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 和 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_clear` " +"中处理该类型的引用计数。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:401 +msgid "Defining ``tp_dealloc``" +msgstr "定义 ``tp_dealloc``" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:403 +msgid "" +"If your type has a custom :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` function, it " +"needs to:" +msgstr "如果你的类型有自定义的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` 函数，则它需要：" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:406 +msgid "" +"call :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` before any fields are invalidated, and" +msgstr "在任何字段失效之前调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack`，并且" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:407 +msgid "decrement the reference count of the type." +msgstr "递减该类型的引用计数。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:409 +msgid "" +"To keep the type valid while ``tp_free`` is called, the type's refcount " +"needs to be decremented *after* the instance is deallocated. For example::" +msgstr "要在 ``tp_free`` 被调用时保持类型有效，必须在撤销分配实例 *之后* 递减该类型的引用计数。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:412 +msgid "" +"static void my_dealloc(PyObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" ...\n" +" PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);\n" +" type->tp_free(self);\n" +" Py_DECREF(type);\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void my_dealloc(PyObject *self)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);\n" +" ...\n" +" PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);\n" +" type->tp_free(self);\n" +" Py_DECREF(type);\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:421 +msgid "" +"The default ``tp_dealloc`` function does this, so if your type does *not* " +"override ``tp_dealloc`` you don't need to add it." +msgstr "默认的 ``tp_dealloc`` 函数会执行此操作，因此如果你的类型 *没有* 重载 ``tp_dealloc`` 你就不需要添加它。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:427 +msgid "Not overriding ``tp_free``" +msgstr "没有重载 ``tp_free``" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:429 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` slot of a heap type must be set to " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del`. This is the default; do not override it." +msgstr "" +"堆类型的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` 槽位必须设为 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del`。 " +"这是默认的设置；请不要重载它。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:435 +msgid "Avoiding ``PyObject_New``" +msgstr "避免 ``PyObject_New``" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:437 +msgid "GC-tracked objects need to be allocated using GC-aware functions." +msgstr "带 GC 追踪的对象需要使用带 GC 感知的函数来分配。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:439 +msgid "If you use use :c:func:`PyObject_New` or :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar`:" +msgstr "如果你使用 :c:func:`PyObject_New` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar`:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:441 +msgid "" +"Get and call type's :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` slot, if possible. " +"That is, replace ``TYPE *o = PyObject_New(TYPE, typeobj)`` with::" +msgstr "" +"如有可能，请获取并调用类型的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_alloc` 槽位。 也就是说，将 ``TYPE *o = " +"PyObject_New(TYPE, typeobj)`` 替换为::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:444 +msgid "TYPE *o = typeobj->tp_alloc(typeobj, 0);" +msgstr "TYPE *o = typeobj->tp_alloc(typeobj, 0);" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Replace ``o = PyObject_NewVar(TYPE, typeobj, size)`` with the same, but use " +"size instead of the 0." +msgstr "同样地替换 ``o = PyObject_NewVar(TYPE, typeobj, size)``，但要使用指定大小而不是 0。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:449 +msgid "" +"If the above is not possible (e.g. inside a custom ``tp_alloc``), call " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_New` or :c:func:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`::" +msgstr "" +"如果无法执行以上操作（例如在自定义的 ``tp_alloc`` 中），请调用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_New` 或 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:452 +msgid "" +"TYPE *o = PyObject_GC_New(TYPE, typeobj);\n" +"\n" +"TYPE *o = PyObject_GC_NewVar(TYPE, typeobj, size);" +msgstr "" +"TYPE *o = PyObject_GC_New(TYPE, typeobj);\n" +"\n" +"TYPE *o = PyObject_GC_NewVar(TYPE, typeobj, size);" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:458 +msgid "Module State Access from Classes" +msgstr "类对模块状态的访问" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:460 +msgid "" +"If you have a type object defined with :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`, " +"you can call :c:func:`PyType_GetModule` to get the associated module, and " +"then :c:func:`PyModule_GetState` to get the module's state." +msgstr "" +"如果你有一个使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 定义的类型对象，你可以调用 " +":c:func:`PyType_GetModule` 来获取关联的模块，然后调用 :c:func:`PyModule_GetState` " +"来获取模块的状态。to get the module's state." + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:464 +msgid "" +"To save a some tedious error-handling boilerplate code, you can combine " +"these two steps with :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleState`, resulting in::" +msgstr "要省略一些繁琐的错误处理样板代码，你可以使用 :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleState` 来合并这两步，得到::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:467 +msgid "" +"my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyType_GetModuleState(type);\n" +"if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyType_GetModuleState(type);\n" +"if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:474 +msgid "Module State Access from Regular Methods" +msgstr "常规方法对模块状态的访问" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:476 +msgid "" +"Accessing the module-level state from methods of a class is somewhat more " +"complicated, but is possible thanks to API introduced in Python 3.9. To get " +"the state, you need to first get the *defining class*, and then get the " +"module state from it." +msgstr "" +"从一个类的方法访问模块层级的状态在某些方面会更为复杂，但通过 Python 3.9 所引入的 API 这是可能做到的。 为了获取状态，你需要首先获取 " +"*定义的类*，然后从中获取模块状态。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:481 +msgid "" +"The largest roadblock is getting *the class a method was defined in*, or " +"that method's \"defining class\" for short. The defining class can have a " +"reference to the module it is part of." +msgstr "最大的障碍是获取 *方法定义所在的类*，简称为方法“定义的类”。 定义的类可以拥有一个指向作为其组成部分的方法的引用。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:485 +msgid "" +"Do not confuse the defining class with ``Py_TYPE(self)``. If the method is " +"called on a *subclass* of your type, ``Py_TYPE(self)`` will refer to that " +"subclass, which may be defined in different module than yours." +msgstr "" +"不要混淆定义的类和 ``Py_TYPE(self)``。 如果方法是在你的类型的一个 *子类* 上被调用的，则 ``Py_TYPE(self)`` " +"将指向该子类，它可能是在另一个模块中定义的。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:490 +msgid "" +"The following Python code can illustrate the concept. " +"``Base.get_defining_class`` returns ``Base`` even if ``type(self) == Sub``:" +msgstr "" +"下面的 Python 代码可以演示这一概念。 ``Base.get_defining_class`` 将返回 ``Base``，即使 " +"``type(self) == Sub``:" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:494 +msgid "" +"class Base:\n" +" def get_type_of_self(self):\n" +" return type(self)\n" +"\n" +" def get_defining_class(self):\n" +" return __class__\n" +"\n" +"class Sub(Base):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class Base:\n" +" def get_type_of_self(self):\n" +" return type(self)\n" +"\n" +" def get_defining_class(self):\n" +" return __class__\n" +"\n" +"class Sub(Base):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:506 +msgid "" +"For a method to get its \"defining class\", it must use the " +":ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS ` :c:type:`calling convention ` and" +" the corresponding :c:type:`PyCMethod` signature::" +msgstr "" +"对于要获取其“定义方类”的方法，它必须使用 :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS " +"` :c:type:`调用惯例 ` " +"以及相应的 :c:type:`PyCMethod` 签名::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:511 +msgid "" +"PyObject *PyCMethod(\n" +" PyObject *self, // object the method was called on\n" +" PyTypeObject *defining_class, // defining class\n" +" PyObject *const *args, // C array of arguments\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs, // length of \"args\"\n" +" PyObject *kwnames) // NULL, or dict of keyword arguments" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *PyCMethod(\n" +" PyObject *self, // 方法调用所在的对象\n" +" PyTypeObject *defining_class, // 定义的类\n" +" PyObject *const *args, // 由参数组成的 C 数组\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs, // \"args\" 的长度\n" +" PyObject *kwnames) // NULL，或由关键字参数组成的字典" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Once you have the defining class, call :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleState` to " +"get the state of its associated module." +msgstr "一旦你得到了定义的类，即可调用 :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleState` 来获取它所关联的模块的状态。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:521 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:523 +msgid "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"example_method(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyTypeObject *defining_class,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n" +" PyObject *kwnames)\n" +"{\n" +" my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyType_GetModuleState(defining_class);\n" +" if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" ... // rest of logic\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"PyDoc_STRVAR(example_method_doc, \"...\");\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef my_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"example_method\",\n" +" (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))example_method,\n" +" METH_METHOD|METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS,\n" +" example_method_doc}\n" +" {NULL},\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static PyObject *\n" +"example_method(PyObject *self,\n" +" PyTypeObject *defining_class,\n" +" PyObject *const *args,\n" +" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n" +" PyObject *kwnames)\n" +"{\n" +" my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyType_GetModuleState(defining_class);\n" +" if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +" }\n" +" ... // rest of logic\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"PyDoc_STRVAR(example_method_doc, \"...\");\n" +"\n" +"static PyMethodDef my_methods[] = {\n" +" {\"example_method\",\n" +" (PyCFunction)(void(*)(void))example_method,\n" +" METH_METHOD|METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS,\n" +" example_method_doc}\n" +" {NULL},\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:549 +msgid "Module State Access from Slot Methods, Getters and Setters" +msgstr "槽位方法、读取方法和设置方法对模块状态的访问" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:553 +msgid "This is new in Python 3.11." +msgstr "这是 Python 3.11 的新增特性。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:561 +msgid "" +"Slot methods—the fast C equivalents for special methods, such as " +":c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add` for :py:attr:`~object.__add__` or " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` for initialization—have a very simple API " +"that doesn't allow passing in the defining class, unlike with " +":c:type:`PyCMethod`. The same goes for getters and setters defined with " +":c:type:`PyGetSetDef`." +msgstr "" +"槽位方法 — 即特殊方法的 C 快速等价物，如 :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_add` 对应 " +":py:attr:`~object.__add__` 而 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 对应初始化方法 — " +"具有不允许传入定义类的非常简单的 API，这不同于 :c:type:`PyCMethod`。 同样的机制也适用于通过 " +":c:type:`PyGetSetDef` 定义的读取方法和设置方法。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:568 +msgid "" +"To access the module state in these cases, use the " +":c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` function, and pass in the module definition." +" Once you have the module, call :c:func:`PyModule_GetState` to get the " +"state::" +msgstr "" +"要在这些场景下访问模块状态，请使用 :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` 函数，并传入模块定义。 一旦你得到该模块，即可调用 " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState` 来获取状态::" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:573 +msgid "" +"PyObject *module = PyType_GetModuleByDef(Py_TYPE(self), &module_def);\n" +"my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyModule_GetState(module);\n" +"if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"PyObject *module = PyType_GetModuleByDef(Py_TYPE(self), &module_def);\n" +"my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyModule_GetState(module);\n" +"if (state == NULL) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:579 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyType_GetModuleByDef` works by searching the :term:`method " +"resolution order` (i.e. all superclasses) for the first superclass that has " +"a corresponding module." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyType_GetModuleByDef` 的作用方式是通过搜索 :term:`method resolution order` " +"(即所有超类) 来找到具有相应模块的第一个超类。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:585 +msgid "" +"In very exotic cases (inheritance chains spanning multiple modules created " +"from the same definition), :c:func:`!PyType_GetModuleByDef` might not return" +" the module of the true defining class. However, it will always return a " +"module with the same definition, ensuring a compatible C memory layout." +msgstr "" +"在非常特别的情况下（继承链跨越由同样定义创建的多个模块），:c:func:`!PyType_GetModuleByDef` " +"可能不会返回真正定义方法的类。 但是，它总是会返回一个具有同样定义的模块，这将确保具有兼容的 C 内存布局。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:593 +msgid "Lifetime of the Module State" +msgstr "模块状态的生命期" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:595 +msgid "" +"When a module object is garbage-collected, its module state is freed. For " +"each pointer to (a part of) the module state, you must hold a reference to " +"the module object." +msgstr "当一个模块对象被当作垃圾回收时，它的模块状态将被释放。 对于每个指向（一部分）模块状态的指针来说，你必须持有一个对模块对象的引用。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:599 +msgid "" +"Usually this is not an issue, because types created with " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`, and their instances, hold a reference to" +" the module. However, you must be careful in reference counting when you " +"reference module state from other places, such as callbacks for external " +"libraries." +msgstr "" +"通常这不会有问题，因为使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 创建的类型，以及它们的实例，都持有对模块的引用。 " +"但是，当你从其他地方，例如对外部库的回调引用模块状态时必须小心谨慎。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:608 +msgid "Open Issues" +msgstr "未解决的问题" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:610 +msgid "Several issues around per-module state and heap types are still open." +msgstr "围绕模块级状态和堆类型仍然存在一些未解决的问题。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:612 +msgid "" +"Discussions about improving the situation are best held on the `capi-sig " +"mailing list `__." +msgstr "" +"改善此状况最好的讨论是在 `capi-sig 邮件列表 `__ 进行的。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:617 +msgid "Per-Class Scope" +msgstr "类级作用域" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:619 +msgid "" +"It is currently (as of Python 3.11) not possible to attach state to " +"individual *types* without relying on CPython implementation details (which " +"may change in the future—perhaps, ironically, to allow a proper solution for" +" per-class scope)." +msgstr "" +"目前（即 Python 3.11）还无法将状态关联到单个 *类型* 而不依赖于 CPython 实现细节（这在未来可能发生改变 — " +"或许，会怪异地允许采用适当的类级作用域解决方案）。" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:626 +msgid "Lossless Conversion to Heap Types" +msgstr "无损转换为堆类型" + +#: ../../howto/isolating-extensions.rst:628 +msgid "" +"The heap type API was not designed for \"lossless\" conversion from static " +"types; that is, creating a type that works exactly like a given static type." +msgstr "堆类型 API 没有从静态类型进行“无损”转换的设计；所谓无损转换，就是创建与给定静态类型完全一致的类型。" diff --git a/howto/logging-cookbook.po b/howto/logging-cookbook.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..edee4b9d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/logging-cookbook.po @@ -0,0 +1,7972 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# 欢 王 , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# 浩听 王 , 2021 +# 非法操作 , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# cdarlint , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:5 +msgid "Logging Cookbook" +msgstr "日志专题手册" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:7 +msgid "Vinay Sajip " +msgstr "Vinay Sajip " + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This page contains a number of recipes related to logging, which have been " +"found useful in the past. For links to tutorial and reference information, " +"please see :ref:`cookbook-ref-links`." +msgstr "本页面包含多个与日志相关的专题，历史证明它们是很有用的。教程和参考信息的链接另见 :ref:`cookbook-ref-links`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:16 +msgid "Using logging in multiple modules" +msgstr "在多模块中使用日志" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Multiple calls to ``logging.getLogger('someLogger')`` return a reference to " +"the same logger object. This is true not only within the same module, but " +"also across modules as long as it is in the same Python interpreter process." +" It is true for references to the same object; additionally, application " +"code can define and configure a parent logger in one module and create (but " +"not configure) a child logger in a separate module, and all logger calls to " +"the child will pass up to the parent. Here is a main module::" +msgstr "" +"无论对 ``logging.getLogger('someLogger')`` 进行多少次调用，都会返回同一个 logger " +"对象的引用。不仅在同一个模块内如此，只要是在同一个 Python " +"解释器进程中，跨模块调用也是一样。同样是引用同一个对象，应用程序也可以在一个模块中定义和配置一个父 " +"logger，而在另一个单独的模块中创建（但不配置）子 logger，对于子 logger 的所有调用都会传给父 logger。以下是主模块：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:26 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import auxiliary_module\n" +"\n" +"# create logger with 'spam_application'\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('spam_application')\n" +"logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# create file handler which logs even debug messages\n" +"fh = logging.FileHandler('spam.log')\n" +"fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# create console handler with a higher log level\n" +"ch = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)\n" +"# create formatter and add it to the handlers\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\n" +"fh.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"ch.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"# add the handlers to the logger\n" +"logger.addHandler(fh)\n" +"logger.addHandler(ch)\n" +"\n" +"logger.info('creating an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary')\n" +"a = auxiliary_module.Auxiliary()\n" +"logger.info('created an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary')\n" +"logger.info('calling auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something')\n" +"a.do_something()\n" +"logger.info('finished auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something')\n" +"logger.info('calling auxiliary_module.some_function()')\n" +"auxiliary_module.some_function()\n" +"logger.info('done with auxiliary_module.some_function()')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import auxiliary_module\n" +"\n" +"# 创建 'spam_application' 日志记录器\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('spam_application')\n" +"logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# 创建可记录调试消息的文件处理器\n" +"fh = logging.FileHandler('spam.log')\n" +"fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# 创建具有更高日志层级的控制台处理器\n" +"ch = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)\n" +"# 创建格式化器并将其添加到处理器\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\n" +"fh.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"ch.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"# 将处理器添加到日志记录器\n" +"logger.addHandler(fh)\n" +"logger.addHandler(ch)\n" +"\n" +"logger.info('creating an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary')\n" +"a = auxiliary_module.Auxiliary()\n" +"logger.info('created an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary')\n" +"logger.info('calling auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something')\n" +"a.do_something()\n" +"logger.info('finished auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something')\n" +"logger.info('calling auxiliary_module.some_function()')\n" +"auxiliary_module.some_function()\n" +"logger.info('done with auxiliary_module.some_function()')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:56 +msgid "Here is the auxiliary module::" +msgstr "以下是辅助模块：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:58 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"# create logger\n" +"module_logger = logging.getLogger('spam_application.auxiliary')\n" +"\n" +"class Auxiliary:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.logger = logging.getLogger('spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary')\n" +" self.logger.info('creating an instance of Auxiliary')\n" +"\n" +" def do_something(self):\n" +" self.logger.info('doing something')\n" +" a = 1 + 1\n" +" self.logger.info('done doing something')\n" +"\n" +"def some_function():\n" +" module_logger.info('received a call to \"some_function\"')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"# 创建日志记录器\n" +"module_logger = logging.getLogger('spam_application.auxiliary')\n" +"\n" +"class Auxiliary:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.logger = logging.getLogger('spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary')\n" +" self.logger.info('creating an instance of Auxiliary')\n" +"\n" +" def do_something(self):\n" +" self.logger.info('doing something')\n" +" a = 1 + 1\n" +" self.logger.info('done doing something')\n" +"\n" +"def some_function():\n" +" module_logger.info('received a call to \"some_function\"')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:76 +msgid "The output looks like this:" +msgstr "输出结果会像这样:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:78 +msgid "" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,663 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" creating an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,665 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" creating an instance of Auxiliary\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,665 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" created an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,668 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" calling auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,668 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" doing something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,669 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" done doing something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,670 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" finished auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,671 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" calling auxiliary_module.some_function()\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,672 - spam_application.auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" received a call to 'some_function'\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,673 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" done with auxiliary_module.some_function()" +msgstr "" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,663 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" creating an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,665 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" creating an instance of Auxiliary\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,665 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" created an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,668 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" calling auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,668 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" doing something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,669 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" done doing something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,670 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" finished auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,671 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" calling auxiliary_module.some_function()\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,672 - spam_application.auxiliary - INFO -\n" +" received a call to 'some_function'\n" +"2005-03-23 23:47:11,673 - spam_application - INFO -\n" +" done with auxiliary_module.some_function()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:102 +msgid "Logging from multiple threads" +msgstr "在多个线程中记录日志" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Logging from multiple threads requires no special effort. The following " +"example shows logging from the main (initial) thread and another thread::" +msgstr "多线程记录日志并不需要特殊处理，以下示例演示了在主线程（起始线程）和其他线程中记录日志的过程：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:107 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import threading\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"def worker(arg):\n" +" while not arg['stop']:\n" +" logging.debug('Hi from myfunc')\n" +" time.sleep(0.5)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(relativeCreated)6d %(threadName)s %(message)s')\n" +" info = {'stop': False}\n" +" thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(info,))\n" +" thread.start()\n" +" while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" logging.debug('Hello from main')\n" +" time.sleep(0.75)\n" +" except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" info['stop'] = True\n" +" break\n" +" thread.join()\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import threading\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"def worker(arg):\n" +" while not arg['stop']:\n" +" logging.debug('Hi from myfunc')\n" +" time.sleep(0.5)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(relativeCreated)6d %(threadName)s %(message)s')\n" +" info = {'stop': False}\n" +" thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(info,))\n" +" thread.start()\n" +" while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" logging.debug('Hello from main')\n" +" time.sleep(0.75)\n" +" except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" info['stop'] = True\n" +" break\n" +" thread.join()\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:133 +msgid "When run, the script should print something like the following:" +msgstr "脚本会运行输出类似下面的内容:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:135 +msgid "" +" 0 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +" 3 MainThread Hello from main\n" +" 505 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +" 755 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"1007 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"1507 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"1508 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"2010 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"2258 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"2512 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"3009 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"3013 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"3515 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"3761 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"4017 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"4513 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"4518 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc" +msgstr "" +" 0 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +" 3 MainThread Hello from main\n" +" 505 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +" 755 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"1007 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"1507 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"1508 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"2010 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"2258 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"2512 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"3009 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"3013 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"3515 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"3761 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"4017 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc\n" +"4513 MainThread Hello from main\n" +"4518 Thread-1 Hi from myfunc" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:155 +msgid "" +"This shows the logging output interspersed as one might expect. This " +"approach works for more threads than shown here, of course." +msgstr "以上如期显示了不同线程的日志是交替输出的。当然更多的线程也会如此。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:159 +msgid "Multiple handlers and formatters" +msgstr "多个 handler 和多种 formatter" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Loggers are plain Python objects. The :meth:`~Logger.addHandler` method has" +" no minimum or maximum quota for the number of handlers you may add. " +"Sometimes it will be beneficial for an application to log all messages of " +"all severities to a text file while simultaneously logging errors or above " +"to the console. To set this up, simply configure the appropriate handlers." +" The logging calls in the application code will remain unchanged. Here is " +"a slight modification to the previous simple module-based configuration " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"日志是个普通的 Python 对象。 :meth:`~Logger.addHandler` 方法可加入不限数量的日志 " +"handler。有时候，应用程序需把严重错误信息记入文本文件，而将一般错误或其他级别的信息输出到控制台。若要进行这样的设定，只需多配置几个日志 " +"handler 即可，应用程序的日志调用代码可以保持不变。下面对之前的分模块日志示例略做修改：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:169 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simple_example')\n" +"logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# create file handler which logs even debug messages\n" +"fh = logging.FileHandler('spam.log')\n" +"fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# create console handler with a higher log level\n" +"ch = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)\n" +"# create formatter and add it to the handlers\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\n" +"ch.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"fh.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"# add the handlers to logger\n" +"logger.addHandler(ch)\n" +"logger.addHandler(fh)\n" +"\n" +"# 'application' code\n" +"logger.debug('debug message')\n" +"logger.info('info message')\n" +"logger.warning('warn message')\n" +"logger.error('error message')\n" +"logger.critical('critical message')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simple_example')\n" +"logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# 创建可记录调试消息的文件处理器\n" +"fh = logging.FileHandler('spam.log')\n" +"fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"# 创建具有更高日志层级的控制台处理器\n" +"ch = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)\n" +"# 创建格式化器并将其添加到处理器\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\n" +"ch.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"fh.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"# 将处理器添加到日志记录器\n" +"logger.addHandler(ch)\n" +"logger.addHandler(fh)\n" +"\n" +"# '应用程序' 代码\n" +"logger.debug('debug message')\n" +"logger.info('info message')\n" +"logger.warning('warn message')\n" +"logger.error('error message')\n" +"logger.critical('critical message')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Notice that the 'application' code does not care about multiple handlers. " +"All that changed was the addition and configuration of a new handler named " +"*fh*." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是，“应用程序”内的代码并不关心是否存在多个日志 handler。示例中所做的改变，只是新加入并配置了一个名为 *fh* 的 handler。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The ability to create new handlers with higher- or lower-severity filters " +"can be very helpful when writing and testing an application. Instead of " +"using many ``print`` statements for debugging, use ``logger.debug``: Unlike " +"the print statements, which you will have to delete or comment out later, " +"the logger.debug statements can remain intact in the source code and remain " +"dormant until you need them again. At that time, the only change that needs" +" to happen is to modify the severity level of the logger and/or handler to " +"debug." +msgstr "" +"在编写和测试应用程序时，若能创建日志 handler 对不同严重级别的日志信息进行过滤，这将十分有用。调试时无需用多条 ``print`` " +"语句，而是采用 ``logger.debug`` ：print 语句以后还得注释或删掉，而 logger.debug " +"语句可以原样留在源码中保持静默。当需要再次调试时，只要改变日志对象或 handler 的严重级别即可。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:208 +msgid "Logging to multiple destinations" +msgstr "在多个地方记录日志" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Let's say you want to log to console and file with different message formats" +" and in differing circumstances. Say you want to log messages with levels of" +" DEBUG and higher to file, and those messages at level INFO and higher to " +"the console. Let's also assume that the file should contain timestamps, but " +"the console messages should not. Here's how you can achieve this::" +msgstr "" +"假定要根据不同的情况将日志以不同的格式写入控制台和文件。比如把 DEBUG 以上级别的日志信息写于文件，并且把 INFO " +"以上的日志信息输出到控制台。再假设日志文件需要包含时间戳，控制台信息则不需要。以下演示了做法：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:216 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"# set up logging to file - see previous section for more details\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,\n" +" format='%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',\n" +" datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M',\n" +" filename='/tmp/myapp.log',\n" +" filemode='w')\n" +"# define a Handler which writes INFO messages or higher to the sys.stderr\n" +"console = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"console.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +"# set a format which is simpler for console use\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')\n" +"# tell the handler to use this format\n" +"console.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"# add the handler to the root logger\n" +"logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)\n" +"\n" +"# Now, we can log to the root logger, or any other logger. First the root...\n" +"logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')\n" +"\n" +"# Now, define a couple of other loggers which might represent areas in your\n" +"# application:\n" +"\n" +"logger1 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area1')\n" +"logger2 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area2')\n" +"\n" +"logger1.debug('Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.')\n" +"logger1.info('How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.')\n" +"logger2.warning('Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.')\n" +"logger2.error('The five boxing wizards jump quickly.')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"# 设置日志记录到文件 —— 参阅前一节了解详情\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,\n" +" format='%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',\n" +" datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M',\n" +" filename='/tmp/myapp.log',\n" +" filemode='w')\n" +"# 定义一个将 INFO 或更高层级消息写到 sys.stderr 的处理器\n" +"console = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"console.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +"# 设置一个适用于控制台的更简单格式\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')\n" +"# 告诉处理器使用此格式\n" +"console.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"# 将处理器添加到根日志记录器\n" +"logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)\n" +"\n" +"# 现在我们可以写入根记录器或任何其他记录器。 首先是根记录器...\n" +"logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')\n" +"\n" +"# 现在，定义几个可以代表你的应用程序中不同组成部分的\n" +"# 其他日志记录器\n" +"\n" +"logger1 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area1')\n" +"logger2 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area2')\n" +"\n" +"logger1.debug('Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.')\n" +"logger1.info('How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.')\n" +"logger2.warning('Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.')\n" +"logger2.error('The five boxing wizards jump quickly.')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:248 +msgid "When you run this, on the console you will see" +msgstr "当运行后，你会看到控制台如下所示" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:250 +msgid "" +"root : INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.\n" +"myapp.area1 : INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.\n" +"myapp.area2 : WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.\n" +"myapp.area2 : ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly." +msgstr "" +"root : INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.\n" +"myapp.area1 : INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.\n" +"myapp.area2 : WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.\n" +"myapp.area2 : ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:257 +msgid "and in the file you will see something like" +msgstr "而日志文件将如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:259 +msgid "" +"10-22 22:19 root INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area1 DEBUG Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area1 INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area2 WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area2 ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly." +msgstr "" +"10-22 22:19 root INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area1 DEBUG Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area1 INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area2 WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.\n" +"10-22 22:19 myapp.area2 ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:267 +msgid "" +"As you can see, the DEBUG message only shows up in the file. The other " +"messages are sent to both destinations." +msgstr "如您所见，DEBUG 级别的日志信息只出现在了文件中，而其他信息则两个地方都会输出。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:270 +msgid "" +"This example uses console and file handlers, but you can use any number and " +"combination of handlers you choose." +msgstr "上述示例只用到了控制台和文件 handler，当然还可以自由组合任意数量的日志 handler。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Note that the above choice of log filename ``/tmp/myapp.log`` implies use of" +" a standard location for temporary files on POSIX systems. On Windows, you " +"may need to choose a different directory name for the log - just ensure that" +" the directory exists and that you have the permissions to create and update" +" files in it." +msgstr "" +"请注意上面选择的日志文件名 ``/tmp/myapp.log`` 表示在 POSIX 系统上使用临时文件的标准位置。 在 Windows " +"上，你可能需要为日志选择不同的目录名称 —— 只要确保该目录存在并且你有在其中创建和更新文件的权限。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:282 +msgid "Custom handling of levels" +msgstr "自定义处理级别" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, you might want to do something slightly different from the " +"standard handling of levels in handlers, where all levels above a threshold " +"get processed by a handler. To do this, you need to use filters. Let's look " +"at a scenario where you want to arrange things as follows:" +msgstr "" +"有时，你想要做的可能略微不同于处理器中标准的级别处理方式，即某个界限以上的所有级别都会被处理器所处理。 要做到这一点，你需要使用过滤器。 " +"让我们来看一个假设你想要执行如下安排的场景:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:289 +msgid "Send messages of severity ``INFO`` and ``WARNING`` to ``sys.stdout``" +msgstr "将严重级别为 ``INFO`` 和 ``WARNING`` 的消息发送到 ``sys.stdout``" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:290 +msgid "Send messages of severity ``ERROR`` and above to ``sys.stderr``" +msgstr "将严重级别为 ``ERROR`` 及以上的消息发送到 ``sys.stderr``" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:291 +msgid "Send messages of severity ``DEBUG`` and above to file ``app.log``" +msgstr "将严重级别为 ``DEBUG`` 及以上的消息发送到文件 ``app.log``" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:293 +msgid "Suppose you configure logging with the following JSON:" +msgstr "假定你使用以下 JSON 来配置日志记录:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:295 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" \"version\": 1,\n" +" \"disable_existing_loggers\": false,\n" +" \"formatters\": {\n" +" \"simple\": {\n" +" \"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s - %(message)s\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"handlers\": {\n" +" \"stdout\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\"\n" +" },\n" +" \"stderr\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"\n" +" },\n" +" \"file\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.FileHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"filename\": \"app.log\",\n" +" \"mode\": \"w\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"root\": {\n" +" \"level\": \"DEBUG\",\n" +" \"handlers\": [\n" +" \"stderr\",\n" +" \"stdout\",\n" +" \"file\"\n" +" ]\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" \"version\": 1,\n" +" \"disable_existing_loggers\": false,\n" +" \"formatters\": {\n" +" \"simple\": {\n" +" \"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s - %(message)s\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"handlers\": {\n" +" \"stdout\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\"\n" +" },\n" +" \"stderr\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"\n" +" },\n" +" \"file\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.FileHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"filename\": \"app.log\",\n" +" \"mode\": \"w\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"root\": {\n" +" \"level\": \"DEBUG\",\n" +" \"handlers\": [\n" +" \"stderr\",\n" +" \"stdout\",\n" +" \"file\"\n" +" ]\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:335 +msgid "" +"This configuration does *almost* what we want, except that ``sys.stdout`` " +"would show messages of severity ``ERROR`` and only events of this severity " +"and higher will be tracked as well as ``INFO`` and ``WARNING`` messages. To " +"prevent this, we can set up a filter which excludes those messages and add " +"it to the relevant handler. This can be configured by adding a ``filters`` " +"section parallel to ``formatters`` and ``handlers``:" +msgstr "" +"这个配置 *几乎* 能做到我们想要的，但是除了 ``sys.stdout`` 在 ``INFO`` 和 ``WARNING`` 消息之外会只显示严重程度" +" ``ERROR`` 及以上的消息。 为了防止这种情况，我们可以设置一个排除掉这些消息的过滤器并将其添加到相应的处理器中。 这可以通过添加一个平行于 " +"``formatters`` 和 ``handlers`` 的 ``filters`` 节来配置：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:341 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" \"filters\": {\n" +" \"warnings_and_below\": {\n" +" \"()\" : \"__main__.filter_maker\",\n" +" \"level\": \"WARNING\"\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" \"filters\": {\n" +" \"warnings_and_below\": {\n" +" \"()\" : \"__main__.filter_maker\",\n" +" \"level\": \"WARNING\"\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:352 +msgid "and changing the section on the ``stdout`` handler to add it:" +msgstr "并修改 ``stdout`` 处理器上的节来添加它:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:354 +msgid "" +"{\n" +" \"stdout\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\",\n" +" \"filters\": [\"warnings_and_below\"]\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"{\n" +" \"stdout\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\",\n" +" \"filters\": [\"warnings_and_below\"]\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:366 +msgid "" +"A filter is just a function, so we can define the ``filter_maker`` (a " +"factory function) as follows:" +msgstr "过滤器就是一个函数，因此我们可以定义 ``filter_maker`` (工厂函数) 如下:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:369 +msgid "" +"def filter_maker(level):\n" +" level = getattr(logging, level)\n" +"\n" +" def filter(record):\n" +" return record.levelno <= level\n" +"\n" +" return filter" +msgstr "" +"def filter_maker(level):\n" +" level = getattr(logging, level)\n" +"\n" +" def filter(record):\n" +" return record.levelno <= level\n" +"\n" +" return filter" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:379 +msgid "" +"This converts the string argument passed in to a numeric level, and returns " +"a function which only returns ``True`` if the level of the passed in record " +"is at or below the specified level. Note that in this example I have defined" +" the ``filter_maker`` in a test script ``main.py`` that I run from the " +"command line, so its module will be ``__main__`` - hence the " +"``__main__.filter_maker`` in the filter configuration. You will need to " +"change that if you define it in a different module." +msgstr "" +"此函数将传入的字符串参数转换为数字级别，并返回一个仅在传入等于或低于指定数字级别的级别时返回 ``True`` 的函数。 请注意在这个示例中我是将 " +"``filter_maker`` 定义在一个从命令行运行的测试脚本 ``main.py`` 中，因此其所属模块将为 ``__main__`` —— " +"即在过滤器配置中写作 ``__main__.filter_maker``。 如果你在不同的模块中定义它则需要加以修改。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:387 +msgid "With the filter added, we can run ``main.py``, which in full is:" +msgstr "在添加该过滤器后，我们就可以运行 ``main.py``，完整代码如下:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:389 +msgid "" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"\n" +"CONFIG = '''\n" +"{\n" +" \"version\": 1,\n" +" \"disable_existing_loggers\": false,\n" +" \"formatters\": {\n" +" \"simple\": {\n" +" \"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s - %(message)s\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"filters\": {\n" +" \"warnings_and_below\": {\n" +" \"()\" : \"__main__.filter_maker\",\n" +" \"level\": \"WARNING\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"handlers\": {\n" +" \"stdout\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\",\n" +" \"filters\": [\"warnings_and_below\"]\n" +" },\n" +" \"stderr\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"\n" +" },\n" +" \"file\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.FileHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"filename\": \"app.log\",\n" +" \"mode\": \"w\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"root\": {\n" +" \"level\": \"DEBUG\",\n" +" \"handlers\": [\n" +" \"stderr\",\n" +" \"stdout\",\n" +" \"file\"\n" +" ]\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"'''\n" +"\n" +"def filter_maker(level):\n" +" level = getattr(logging, level)\n" +"\n" +" def filter(record):\n" +" return record.levelno <= level\n" +"\n" +" return filter\n" +"\n" +"logging.config.dictConfig(json.loads(CONFIG))\n" +"logging.debug('A DEBUG message')\n" +"logging.info('An INFO message')\n" +"logging.warning('A WARNING message')\n" +"logging.error('An ERROR message')\n" +"logging.critical('A CRITICAL message')" +msgstr "" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"\n" +"CONFIG = '''\n" +"{\n" +" \"version\": 1,\n" +" \"disable_existing_loggers\": false,\n" +" \"formatters\": {\n" +" \"simple\": {\n" +" \"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s - %(message)s\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"filters\": {\n" +" \"warnings_and_below\": {\n" +" \"()\" : \"__main__.filter_maker\",\n" +" \"level\": \"WARNING\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"handlers\": {\n" +" \"stdout\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\",\n" +" \"filters\": [\"warnings_and_below\"]\n" +" },\n" +" \"stderr\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"\n" +" },\n" +" \"file\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.FileHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"simple\",\n" +" \"filename\": \"app.log\",\n" +" \"mode\": \"w\"\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" \"root\": {\n" +" \"level\": \"DEBUG\",\n" +" \"handlers\": [\n" +" \"stderr\",\n" +" \"stdout\",\n" +" \"file\"\n" +" ]\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"'''\n" +"\n" +"def filter_maker(level):\n" +" level = getattr(logging, level)\n" +"\n" +" def filter(record):\n" +" return record.levelno <= level\n" +"\n" +" return filter\n" +"\n" +"logging.config.dictConfig(json.loads(CONFIG))\n" +"logging.debug('A DEBUG message')\n" +"logging.info('An INFO message')\n" +"logging.warning('A WARNING message')\n" +"logging.error('An ERROR message')\n" +"logging.critical('A CRITICAL message')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:457 +msgid "And after running it like this:" +msgstr "使用这样的命令运行它之后:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:459 +msgid "python main.py 2>stderr.log >stdout.log" +msgstr "python main.py 2>stderr.log >stdout.log" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:463 +msgid "We can see the results are as expected:" +msgstr "我们可以看到结果是符合预期的:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:465 +msgid "" +"$ more *.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"app.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"DEBUG - A DEBUG message\n" +"INFO - An INFO message\n" +"WARNING - A WARNING message\n" +"ERROR - An ERROR message\n" +"CRITICAL - A CRITICAL message\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"stderr.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"ERROR - An ERROR message\n" +"CRITICAL - A CRITICAL message\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"stdout.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"INFO - An INFO message\n" +"WARNING - A WARNING message" +msgstr "" +"$ more *.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"app.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"DEBUG - A DEBUG message\n" +"INFO - An INFO message\n" +"WARNING - A WARNING message\n" +"ERROR - An ERROR message\n" +"CRITICAL - A CRITICAL message\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"stderr.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"ERROR - An ERROR message\n" +"CRITICAL - A CRITICAL message\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"stdout.log\n" +"::::::::::::::\n" +"INFO - An INFO message\n" +"WARNING - A WARNING message" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:489 +msgid "Configuration server example" +msgstr "日志配置服务器示例" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:491 +msgid "" +"Here is an example of a module using the logging configuration server::" +msgstr "以下是一个用到了日志配置服务器的模块示例：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:493 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import time\n" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"# read initial config file\n" +"logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf')\n" +"\n" +"# create and start listener on port 9999\n" +"t = logging.config.listen(9999)\n" +"t.start()\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simpleExample')\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" # loop through logging calls to see the difference\n" +" # new configurations make, until Ctrl+C is pressed\n" +" while True:\n" +" logger.debug('debug message')\n" +" logger.info('info message')\n" +" logger.warning('warn message')\n" +" logger.error('error message')\n" +" logger.critical('critical message')\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +"except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" # cleanup\n" +" logging.config.stopListening()\n" +" t.join()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import time\n" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"# 读取初始配置文件\n" +"logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf')\n" +"\n" +"# 在 9999 端口上创建并启动监听器\n" +"t = logging.config.listen(9999)\n" +"t.start()\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simpleExample')\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" # 循环遍历日志记录调用以查看\n" +" # 新配置进行的修改，直到按下 Ctrl+C\n" +" while True:\n" +" logger.debug('debug message')\n" +" logger.info('info message')\n" +" logger.warning('warn message')\n" +" logger.error('error message')\n" +" logger.critical('critical message')\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +"except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" # 清理\n" +" logging.config.stopListening()\n" +" t.join()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:522 +msgid "" +"And here is a script that takes a filename and sends that file to the " +"server, properly preceded with the binary-encoded length, as the new logging" +" configuration::" +msgstr "以下脚本将接受文件名作为参数，然后将此文件发送到服务器，前面加上文件的二进制编码长度，做为新的日志配置：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:526 +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"import socket, sys, struct\n" +"\n" +"with open(sys.argv[1], 'rb') as f:\n" +" data_to_send = f.read()\n" +"\n" +"HOST = 'localhost'\n" +"PORT = 9999\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"print('connecting...')\n" +"s.connect((HOST, PORT))\n" +"print('sending config...')\n" +"s.send(struct.pack('>L', len(data_to_send)))\n" +"s.send(data_to_send)\n" +"s.close()\n" +"print('complete')" +msgstr "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"import socket, sys, struct\n" +"\n" +"with open(sys.argv[1], 'rb') as f:\n" +" data_to_send = f.read()\n" +"\n" +"HOST = 'localhost'\n" +"PORT = 9999\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"print('connecting...')\n" +"s.connect((HOST, PORT))\n" +"print('sending config...')\n" +"s.send(struct.pack('>L', len(data_to_send)))\n" +"s.send(data_to_send)\n" +"s.close()\n" +"print('complete')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:547 +msgid "Dealing with handlers that block" +msgstr "处理日志 handler 的阻塞" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:551 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you have to get your logging handlers to do their work without " +"blocking the thread you're logging from. This is common in web applications," +" though of course it also occurs in other scenarios." +msgstr "有时你必须让日志记录处理程序的运行不会阻塞你要记录日志的线程。 这在 Web 应用程序中是很常见，当然在其他场景中也可能发生。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:555 +msgid "" +"A common culprit which demonstrates sluggish behaviour is the " +":class:`SMTPHandler`: sending emails can take a long time, for a number of " +"reasons outside the developer's control (for example, a poorly performing " +"mail or network infrastructure). But almost any network-based handler can " +"block: Even a :class:`SocketHandler` operation may do a DNS query under the " +"hood which is too slow (and this query can be deep in the socket library " +"code, below the Python layer, and outside your control)." +msgstr "" +"有一种原因往往会让程序表现迟钝，这就是 " +":class:`SMTPHandler`：由于很多因素是开发人员无法控制的（例如邮件或网络基础设施的性能不佳），发送电子邮件可能需要很长时间。不过几乎所有网络" +" handler 都可能会发生阻塞：即使是 :class:`SocketHandler` 操作也可能在后台执行 DNS " +"查询，而这种查询实在太慢了（并且 DNS 查询还可能在很底层的套接字库代码中，位于 Python 层之下，超出了可控范围）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:563 +msgid "" +"One solution is to use a two-part approach. For the first part, attach only " +"a :class:`QueueHandler` to those loggers which are accessed from " +"performance-critical threads. They simply write to their queue, which can be" +" sized to a large enough capacity or initialized with no upper bound to " +"their size. The write to the queue will typically be accepted quickly, " +"though you will probably need to catch the :exc:`queue.Full` exception as a " +"precaution in your code. If you are a library developer who has performance-" +"critical threads in their code, be sure to document this (together with a " +"suggestion to attach only ``QueueHandlers`` to your loggers) for the benefit" +" of other developers who will use your code." +msgstr "" +"有一种解决方案是分成两部分实现。第一部分，针对那些对性能有要求的关键线程，只为日志对象连接一个 " +":class:`QueueHandler`。日志对象只需简单地写入队列即可，可为队列设置足够大的容量，或者可以在初始化时不设置容量上限。尽管为以防万一，可能需要在代码中捕获" +" :exc:`queue.Full` " +"异常,不过队列写入操作通常会很快得以处理。如果要开发库代码，包含性能要求较高的线程，为了让使用该库的开发人员受益，请务必在开发文档中进行标明（包括建议仅连接" +" ``QueueHandlers`` ）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:574 +msgid "" +"The second part of the solution is :class:`QueueListener`, which has been " +"designed as the counterpart to :class:`QueueHandler`. A " +":class:`QueueListener` is very simple: it's passed a queue and some " +"handlers, and it fires up an internal thread which listens to its queue for " +"LogRecords sent from ``QueueHandlers`` (or any other source of " +"``LogRecords``, for that matter). The ``LogRecords`` are removed from the " +"queue and passed to the handlers for processing." +msgstr "" +"解决方案的另一部分就是 :class:`QueueListener`，它被设计为 :class:`QueueHandler` " +"的对应部分。:class:`QueueListener` 非常简单：传入一个队列和一些 handler，并启动一个内部线程，用于侦听 " +"``QueueHandlers`` （或其他 ``LogRecords`` 源）发送的 LogRecord 队列。``LogRecords`` " +"会从队列中移除并传给 handler 处理。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:582 +msgid "" +"The advantage of having a separate :class:`QueueListener` class is that you " +"can use the same instance to service multiple ``QueueHandlers``. This is " +"more resource-friendly than, say, having threaded versions of the existing " +"handler classes, which would eat up one thread per handler for no particular" +" benefit." +msgstr "" +":class:`QueueListener` 作为单独的类，好处就是可以用同一个实例为多个 ``QueueHandlers`` 服务。这比把现有 " +"handler 类线程化更加资源友好，后者会每个 handler 会占用一个线程，却没有特别的好处。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:587 +msgid "An example of using these two classes follows (imports omitted)::" +msgstr "以下是这两个类的运用示例（省略了 import 语句）：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:589 +msgid "" +"que = queue.Queue(-1) # no limit on size\n" +"queue_handler = QueueHandler(que)\n" +"handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"listener = QueueListener(que, handler)\n" +"root = logging.getLogger()\n" +"root.addHandler(queue_handler)\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(threadName)s: %(message)s')\n" +"handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"listener.start()\n" +"# The log output will display the thread which generated\n" +"# the event (the main thread) rather than the internal\n" +"# thread which monitors the internal queue. This is what\n" +"# you want to happen.\n" +"root.warning('Look out!')\n" +"listener.stop()" +msgstr "" +"que = queue.Queue(-1) # 对大小没有限制\n" +"queue_handler = QueueHandler(que)\n" +"handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"listener = QueueListener(que, handler)\n" +"root = logging.getLogger()\n" +"root.addHandler(queue_handler)\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(threadName)s: %(message)s')\n" +"handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"listener.start()\n" +"# 日志输出将显示生成事件的线程（主线程）\n" +"# 而不是监控内部队列的内部线程。这也正是\n" +"# 你所希望的。\n" +"root.warning('Look out!')\n" +"listener.stop()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:605 +msgid "which, when run, will produce:" +msgstr "在运行后会产生:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:607 +msgid "MainThread: Look out!" +msgstr "MainThread: Look out!" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:611 +msgid "" +"Although the earlier discussion wasn't specifically talking about async " +"code, but rather about slow logging handlers, it should be noted that when " +"logging from async code, network and even file handlers could lead to " +"problems (blocking the event loop) because some logging is done from " +":mod:`asyncio` internals. It might be best, if any async code is used in an " +"application, to use the above approach for logging, so that any blocking " +"code runs only in the ``QueueListener`` thread." +msgstr "" +"虽然前面的讨论没有专门提及异步代码，但需要注意当在异步代码中记录日志时，网络甚至文件处理器都可能会导致问题（阻塞事件循环）因为某些日志记录是在 " +":mod:`asyncio` 内部完成的。 如果在应用程序中使用了任何异步代码，最好的做法是使用上面的日志记录方式，这样任何阻塞式代码都将只在 " +"``QueueListener`` 线程中运行。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:619 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.5, the :class:`QueueListener` always passed every message " +"received from the queue to every handler it was initialized with. (This was " +"because it was assumed that level filtering was all done on the other side, " +"where the queue is filled.) From 3.5 onwards, this behaviour can be changed " +"by passing a keyword argument ``respect_handler_level=True`` to the " +"listener's constructor. When this is done, the listener compares the level " +"of each message with the handler's level, and only passes a message to a " +"handler if it's appropriate to do so." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.5 之前，:class:`QueueListener` " +"总会把由队列接收到的每条信息都传递给已初始化的每个处理程序。（因为这里假定级别过滤操作已在写入队列时完成了。）从 3.5 " +"版开始，可以修改这种处理方式，只要将关键字参数 ``respect_handler_level=True`` " +"传给侦听器的构造函数即可。这样侦听器将会把每条信息的级别与 handler 的级别进行比较，只在适配时才会将信息传给 handler 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:632 +msgid "Sending and receiving logging events across a network" +msgstr "通过网络收发日志事件" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:634 +msgid "" +"Let's say you want to send logging events across a network, and handle them " +"at the receiving end. A simple way of doing this is attaching a " +":class:`SocketHandler` instance to the root logger at the sending end::" +msgstr "" +"假定现在要通过网络发送日志事件，并在接收端进行处理。有一种简单的方案，就是在发送端的根日志对象连接一个 :class:`SocketHandler` " +"实例：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:638 +msgid "" +"import logging, logging.handlers\n" +"\n" +"rootLogger = logging.getLogger('')\n" +"rootLogger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"socketHandler = logging.handlers.SocketHandler('localhost',\n" +" logging.handlers.DEFAULT_TCP_LOGGING_PORT)\n" +"# don't bother with a formatter, since a socket handler sends the event as\n" +"# an unformatted pickle\n" +"rootLogger.addHandler(socketHandler)\n" +"\n" +"# Now, we can log to the root logger, or any other logger. First the root...\n" +"logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')\n" +"\n" +"# Now, define a couple of other loggers which might represent areas in your\n" +"# application:\n" +"\n" +"logger1 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area1')\n" +"logger2 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area2')\n" +"\n" +"logger1.debug('Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.')\n" +"logger1.info('How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.')\n" +"logger2.warning('Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.')\n" +"logger2.error('The five boxing wizards jump quickly.')" +msgstr "" +"import logging, logging.handlers\n" +"\n" +"rootLogger = logging.getLogger('')\n" +"rootLogger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"socketHandler = logging.handlers.SocketHandler('localhost',\n" +" logging.handlers.DEFAULT_TCP_LOGGING_PORT)\n" +"# 不必设置格式化器，因为套接字处理器会将事件以未格式化的\n" +"# pickle 形式发送\n" +"rootLogger.addHandler(socketHandler)\n" +"\n" +"# 现在我们可以写入根记录器或任何其他记录器。 首先是根记录器...\n" +"logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')\n" +"\n" +"# 现在定义几个可以代表你的应用程序中不同组成部分的\n" +"# 其他日志记录器：\n" +"\n" +"logger1 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area1')\n" +"logger2 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area2')\n" +"\n" +"logger1.debug('Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.')\n" +"logger1.info('How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.')\n" +"logger2.warning('Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.')\n" +"logger2.error('The five boxing wizards jump quickly.')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:662 +msgid "" +"At the receiving end, you can set up a receiver using the " +":mod:`socketserver` module. Here is a basic working example::" +msgstr "在接收端，可以用 :mod:`socketserver` 模块设置一个接收器。简要示例如下：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:665 +msgid "" +"import pickle\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import socketserver\n" +"import struct\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class LogRecordStreamHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler):\n" +" \"\"\"Handler for a streaming logging request.\n" +"\n" +" This basically logs the record using whatever logging policy is\n" +" configured locally.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Handle multiple requests - each expected to be a 4-byte length,\n" +" followed by the LogRecord in pickle format. Logs the record\n" +" according to whatever policy is configured locally.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" while True:\n" +" chunk = self.connection.recv(4)\n" +" if len(chunk) < 4:\n" +" break\n" +" slen = struct.unpack('>L', chunk)[0]\n" +" chunk = self.connection.recv(slen)\n" +" while len(chunk) < slen:\n" +" chunk = chunk + self.connection.recv(slen - len(chunk))\n" +" obj = self.unPickle(chunk)\n" +" record = logging.makeLogRecord(obj)\n" +" self.handleLogRecord(record)\n" +"\n" +" def unPickle(self, data):\n" +" return pickle.loads(data)\n" +"\n" +" def handleLogRecord(self, record):\n" +" # if a name is specified, we use the named logger rather than the one\n" +" # implied by the record.\n" +" if self.server.logname is not None:\n" +" name = self.server.logname\n" +" else:\n" +" name = record.name\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(name)\n" +" # N.B. EVERY record gets logged. This is because Logger.handle\n" +" # is normally called AFTER logger-level filtering. If you want\n" +" # to do filtering, do it at the client end to save wasting\n" +" # cycles and network bandwidth!\n" +" logger.handle(record)\n" +"\n" +"class LogRecordSocketReceiver(socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Simple TCP socket-based logging receiver suitable for testing.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" allow_reuse_address = True\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, host='localhost',\n" +" port=logging.handlers.DEFAULT_TCP_LOGGING_PORT,\n" +" handler=LogRecordStreamHandler):\n" +" socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer.__init__(self, (host, port), handler)\n" +" self.abort = 0\n" +" self.timeout = 1\n" +" self.logname = None\n" +"\n" +" def serve_until_stopped(self):\n" +" import select\n" +" abort = 0\n" +" while not abort:\n" +" rd, wr, ex = select.select([self.socket.fileno()],\n" +" [], [],\n" +" self.timeout)\n" +" if rd:\n" +" self.handle_request()\n" +" abort = self.abort\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(\n" +" format='%(relativeCreated)5d %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')\n" +" tcpserver = LogRecordSocketReceiver()\n" +" print('About to start TCP server...')\n" +" tcpserver.serve_until_stopped()\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import pickle\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import socketserver\n" +"import struct\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class LogRecordStreamHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler):\n" +" \"\"\"Handler for a streaming logging request.\n" +"\n" +" This basically logs the record using whatever logging policy is\n" +" configured locally.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Handle multiple requests - each expected to be a 4-byte length,\n" +" followed by the LogRecord in pickle format. Logs the record\n" +" according to whatever policy is configured locally.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" while True:\n" +" chunk = self.connection.recv(4)\n" +" if len(chunk) < 4:\n" +" break\n" +" slen = struct.unpack('>L', chunk)[0]\n" +" chunk = self.connection.recv(slen)\n" +" while len(chunk) < slen:\n" +" chunk = chunk + self.connection.recv(slen - len(chunk))\n" +" obj = self.unPickle(chunk)\n" +" record = logging.makeLogRecord(obj)\n" +" self.handleLogRecord(record)\n" +"\n" +" def unPickle(self, data):\n" +" return pickle.loads(data)\n" +"\n" +" def handleLogRecord(self, record):\n" +" # 如果指定了名称，我们将使用指定的记录器而不是\n" +" # record 原本使用的。\n" +" if self.server.logname is not None:\n" +" name = self.server.logname\n" +" else:\n" +" name = record.name\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(name)\n" +" # 注意每条记录都会被写入。 这是因为 Logger.handle\n" +" # 通常会在记录器层级过滤之后被调用。 如果你希望\n" +" # 进行过滤，请在客户端结束时进行以避免浪费循环\n" +" # 并节省网络带宽！\n" +" logger.handle(record)\n" +"\n" +"class LogRecordSocketReceiver(socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Simple TCP socket-based logging receiver suitable for testing.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" allow_reuse_address = True\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, host='localhost',\n" +" port=logging.handlers.DEFAULT_TCP_LOGGING_PORT,\n" +" handler=LogRecordStreamHandler):\n" +" socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer.__init__(self, (host, port), handler)\n" +" self.abort = 0\n" +" self.timeout = 1\n" +" self.logname = None\n" +"\n" +" def serve_until_stopped(self):\n" +" import select\n" +" abort = 0\n" +" while not abort:\n" +" rd, wr, ex = select.select([self.socket.fileno()],\n" +" [], [],\n" +" self.timeout)\n" +" if rd:\n" +" self.handle_request()\n" +" abort = self.abort\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(\n" +" format='%(relativeCreated)5d %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')\n" +" tcpserver = LogRecordSocketReceiver()\n" +" print('About to start TCP server...')\n" +" tcpserver.serve_until_stopped()\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:750 +msgid "" +"First run the server, and then the client. On the client side, nothing is " +"printed on the console; on the server side, you should see something like:" +msgstr "先运行服务端，再运行客户端。客户端控制台不会显示什么信息；在服务端应该会看到如下内容：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:753 +msgid "" +"About to start TCP server...\n" +" 59 root INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.\n" +" 59 myapp.area1 DEBUG Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.\n" +" 69 myapp.area1 INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.\n" +" 69 myapp.area2 WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.\n" +" 69 myapp.area2 ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly." +msgstr "" +"About to start TCP server...\n" +" 59 root INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.\n" +" 59 myapp.area1 DEBUG Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.\n" +" 69 myapp.area1 INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.\n" +" 69 myapp.area2 WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.\n" +" 69 myapp.area2 ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:762 +msgid "" +"Note that there are some security issues with pickle in some scenarios. If " +"these affect you, you can use an alternative serialization scheme by " +"overriding the :meth:`~SocketHandler.makePickle` method and implementing " +"your alternative there, as well as adapting the above script to use your " +"alternative serialization." +msgstr "" +"请注意在某些情况下 pickle 会存在一些安全问题。 如果这些问题对你有影响，你可以换用自己的替代序列化方案，只要重写 " +":meth:`~SocketHandler.makePickle` 方法并在其中实现你的替代方案，并调整上述脚本以使用这个替代方案。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:770 +msgid "Running a logging socket listener in production" +msgstr "在生产中运行日志套接字侦听器" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:774 +msgid "" +"To run a logging listener in production, you may need to use a process-" +"management tool such as `Supervisor `_. `Here is a " +"Gist `__ which provides the bare-bones files to run " +"the above functionality using Supervisor. It consists of the following " +"files:" +msgstr "" +"要在生产环境中运行日志记录监听器，你可能需要使用一个进程管理工具如 `Supervisor `_。 " +"`这个 Gist `__ 提供了使用 Supervisor 来运行上述功能的基本框架文件。 " +"它由以下文件组成:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:781 +msgid "File" +msgstr "文件" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:781 +msgid "Purpose" +msgstr "目的" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:783 +msgid ":file:`prepare.sh`" +msgstr ":file:`prepare.sh`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:783 +msgid "A Bash script to prepare the environment for testing" +msgstr "用于准备针对测试的环境的 Bash 脚本" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:786 +msgid ":file:`supervisor.conf`" +msgstr ":file:`supervisor.conf`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:786 +msgid "" +"The Supervisor configuration file, which has entries for the listener and a " +"multi-process web application" +msgstr "Supervisor 配置文件，其中有用于侦听器和多进程 Web 应用程序的条目" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:790 +msgid ":file:`ensure_app.sh`" +msgstr ":file:`ensure_app.sh`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:790 +msgid "" +"A Bash script to ensure that Supervisor is running with the above " +"configuration" +msgstr "用于确保 Supervisor 在使用上述配置运行的 Bash 脚本" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:793 +msgid ":file:`log_listener.py`" +msgstr ":file:`log_listener.py`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:793 +msgid "" +"The socket listener program which receives log events and records them to a " +"file" +msgstr "接收日志事件并将其记录到文件中的套接字监听器" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:796 +msgid ":file:`main.py`" +msgstr ":file:`main.py`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:796 +msgid "" +"A simple web application which performs logging via a socket connected to " +"the listener" +msgstr "一个通过连接到监听器的套接字来执行日志记录的简单 Web 应用程序" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:799 +msgid ":file:`webapp.json`" +msgstr ":file:`webapp.json`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:799 +msgid "A JSON configuration file for the web application" +msgstr "一个针对 Web 应用程序的 JSON 配置文件" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:801 +msgid ":file:`client.py`" +msgstr ":file:`client.py`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:801 +msgid "A Python script to exercise the web application" +msgstr "使用 Web 应用程序的 Python 脚本" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:804 +msgid "" +"The web application uses `Gunicorn `_, which is a " +"popular web application server that starts multiple worker processes to " +"handle requests. This example setup shows how the workers can write to the " +"same log file without conflicting with one another --- they all go through " +"the socket listener." +msgstr "" +"该 Web 应用程序使用了 `Gunicorn `_，这个流行的 Web " +"应用服务器可启动多个工作进程来处理请求。 这个示例设置演示了多个工作进程是如何写入相同的日志文件而不会相互冲突的 --- " +"它们都通过套接字监听器进程操作。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:809 +msgid "To test these files, do the following in a POSIX environment:" +msgstr "要测试这些文件，请在 POSIX 环境中执行以下操作:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:811 +msgid "" +"Download `the Gist `__ as a ZIP archive using the " +":guilabel:`Download ZIP` button." +msgstr "" +"使用 :guilabel:`Download ZIP` 按钮将 `此 Gist `__ 下载为 ZIP " +"归档文件。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:814 +msgid "Unzip the above files from the archive into a scratch directory." +msgstr "将上述文件从归档解压缩到一个初始目录中。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:816 +msgid "" +"In the scratch directory, run ``bash prepare.sh`` to get things ready. This " +"creates a :file:`run` subdirectory to contain Supervisor-related and log " +"files, and a :file:`venv` subdirectory to contain a virtual environment into" +" which ``bottle``, ``gunicorn`` and ``supervisor`` are installed." +msgstr "" +"在初始目录中，运行 ``bash prepare.sh`` 完成准备工作。 这将创建一个 :file:`run` 子目录来包含 Supervisor " +"相关文件和日志文件，以及一个 :file:`venv` 子目录来包含安装了 ``bottle``, ``gunicorn`` 和 " +"``supervisor`` 的虚拟环境。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:821 +msgid "" +"Run ``bash ensure_app.sh`` to ensure that Supervisor is running with the " +"above configuration." +msgstr "运行 ``bash ensure_app.sh`` 以确保 Supervisor 正在使用上述配置运行。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:824 +msgid "" +"Run ``venv/bin/python client.py`` to exercise the web application, which " +"will lead to records being written to the log." +msgstr "运行 ``venv/bin/python client.py`` 来使用 Web 应用程序，这将使得记录被写入到日志中。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Inspect the log files in the :file:`run` subdirectory. You should see the " +"most recent log lines in files matching the pattern :file:`app.log*`. They " +"won't be in any particular order, since they have been handled concurrently " +"by different worker processes in a non-deterministic way." +msgstr "" +"检查 :file:`run` 子目录中的日志文件。 你应当看到匹配模式为 :file:`app.log*` 的文件中最新的日志记录行。 " +"它们不会有任何特定的顺序，因为它们是由不同的工作进程以不确定的方式并发地处理的。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:832 +msgid "" +"You can shut down the listener and the web application by running " +"``venv/bin/supervisorctl -c supervisor.conf shutdown``." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过运行 ``venv/bin/supervisorctl -c supervisor.conf shutdown`` 来关闭监听器和 Web " +"应用程序。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:835 +msgid "" +"You may need to tweak the configuration files in the unlikely event that the" +" configured ports clash with something else in your test environment." +msgstr "你可能需要在配置的端口与你的测试环境中其他程序发生意外冲突的情况下调整配置文件。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:838 +msgid "" +"The default configuration uses a TCP socket on port 9020. You can use a Unix" +" Domain socket instead of a TCP socket by doing the following:" +msgstr "默认配置使用一个 9020 端口上的 TCP 套接字。 你可以通过以下方式改用 Unix 域套接字代替 TCP 套接字：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:841 +msgid "" +"In :file:`listener.json`, add a ``socket`` key with the path to the domain " +"socket you want to use. If this key is present, the listener listens on the " +"corresponding domain socket and not on a TCP socket (the ``port`` key is " +"ignored)." +msgstr "" +"在 :file:`listener.json` 中，添加一个 ``socket`` 键并设为你想使用的域套接字路径。 " +"如果存在该键，监听器就将监听相应的域套接字而不是 TCP 套接字 (``port`` 键将被忽略)。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:846 +msgid "" +"In :file:`webapp.json`, change the socket handler configuration dictionary " +"so that the ``host`` value is the path to the domain socket, and set the " +"``port`` value to ``null``." +msgstr "" +"在 :file:`webapp.json` 中，修改套接字处理器配置字典以使 ``host`` 值为该域套接字的路径，并将 ``port`` 值设为 " +"``null``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:856 +msgid "Adding contextual information to your logging output" +msgstr "在自己的输出日志中添加上下文信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:858 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want logging output to contain contextual information in " +"addition to the parameters passed to the logging call. For example, in a " +"networked application, it may be desirable to log client-specific " +"information in the log (e.g. remote client's username, or IP address). " +"Although you could use the *extra* parameter to achieve this, it's not " +"always convenient to pass the information in this way. While it might be " +"tempting to create :class:`Logger` instances on a per-connection basis, this" +" is not a good idea because these instances are not garbage collected. While" +" this is not a problem in practice, when the number of :class:`Logger` " +"instances is dependent on the level of granularity you want to use in " +"logging an application, it could be hard to manage if the number of " +":class:`Logger` instances becomes effectively unbounded." +msgstr "" +"有时，除了调用日志对象时传入的参数之外，还希望日志输出中能包含上下文信息。 " +"比如在网络应用程序中，可能需要在日志中记录某客户端的信息（如远程客户端的用户名或 IP 地址）。 这虽然可以用 *extra* " +"参数实现，但传递起来并不总是很方便。 虽然为每个网络连接都创建 :class:`Logger` " +"实例貌似不错，但并不是个好主意，因为这些实例不会被垃圾回收。 虽然在实践中不是问题，但当 :class:`Logger` " +"实例的数量取决于应用程序要采用的日志粒度时，如果 :class:`Logger` 实例的数量实际上是无限的，则有可能难以管理。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:873 +msgid "Using LoggerAdapters to impart contextual information" +msgstr "利用 LoggerAdapter 传递上下文信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:875 +msgid "" +"An easy way in which you can pass contextual information to be output along " +"with logging event information is to use the :class:`LoggerAdapter` class. " +"This class is designed to look like a :class:`Logger`, so that you can call " +":meth:`debug`, :meth:`info`, :meth:`warning`, :meth:`error`, " +":meth:`exception`, :meth:`critical` and :meth:`log`. These methods have the " +"same signatures as their counterparts in :class:`Logger`, so you can use the" +" two types of instances interchangeably." +msgstr "" +"要传递上下文信息和日志事件信息，有一种简单方案是利用 :class:`LoggerAdapter` 类。这个类设计得类似 " +":class:`Logger`，所以可以直接调用 :meth:`debug`、:meth:`info`、 :meth:`warning`、 " +":meth:`error`、:meth:`exception`、 :meth:`critical` 和 :meth:`log`。这些方法的签名与 " +":class:`Logger` 对应的方法相同，所以这两类实例可以交换使用。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:883 +msgid "" +"When you create an instance of :class:`LoggerAdapter`, you pass it a " +":class:`Logger` instance and a dict-like object which contains your " +"contextual information. When you call one of the logging methods on an " +"instance of :class:`LoggerAdapter`, it delegates the call to the underlying " +"instance of :class:`Logger` passed to its constructor, and arranges to pass " +"the contextual information in the delegated call. Here's a snippet from the " +"code of :class:`LoggerAdapter`::" +msgstr "" +"当你创建一个 :class:`LoggerAdapter` 的实例时，你会传入一个 :class:`Logger` " +"的实例和一个包含了上下文信息的字典对象。当你调用一个 :class:`LoggerAdapter` 实例的方法时，它会把调用委托给内部的 " +":class:`Logger` 的实例，并为其整理相关的上下文信息。这是 :class:`LoggerAdapter` 的一个代码片段::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:891 +msgid "" +"def debug(self, msg, /, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Delegate a debug call to the underlying logger, after adding\n" +" contextual information from this adapter instance.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" msg, kwargs = self.process(msg, kwargs)\n" +" self.logger.debug(msg, *args, **kwargs)" +msgstr "" +"def debug(self, msg, /, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" 在添加来自这个适配器实例的上下文信息之后，\n" +" 将调试调用委托给下层的日志记录器。\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" msg, kwargs = self.process(msg, kwargs)\n" +" self.logger.debug(msg, *args, **kwargs)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:899 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~LoggerAdapter.process` method of :class:`LoggerAdapter` is where" +" the contextual information is added to the logging output. It's passed the " +"message and keyword arguments of the logging call, and it passes back " +"(potentially) modified versions of these to use in the call to the " +"underlying logger. The default implementation of this method leaves the " +"message alone, but inserts an 'extra' key in the keyword argument whose " +"value is the dict-like object passed to the constructor. Of course, if you " +"had passed an 'extra' keyword argument in the call to the adapter, it will " +"be silently overwritten." +msgstr "" +":class:`LoggerAdapter` 的 :meth:`~LoggerAdapter.process` 方法是将上下文信息添加到日志的输出中。 " +"它传入日志消息和日志调用的关键字参数，并传回（隐式的）这些修改后的内容去调用底层的日志记录器。此方法的默认参数只是一个消息字段，但留有一个 " +"'extra' 的字段作为关键字参数传给构造器。当然，如果你在调用适配器时传入了一个 'extra' 字段的参数，它会被静默覆盖。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:908 +msgid "" +"The advantage of using 'extra' is that the values in the dict-like object " +"are merged into the :class:`LogRecord` instance's __dict__, allowing you to " +"use customized strings with your :class:`Formatter` instances which know " +"about the keys of the dict-like object. If you need a different method, e.g." +" if you want to prepend or append the contextual information to the message " +"string, you just need to subclass :class:`LoggerAdapter` and override " +":meth:`~LoggerAdapter.process` to do what you need. Here is a simple " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"使用 'extra' 的优点是这些键值对会被传入 :class:`LogRecord` 实例的 __dict__ 中，让你通过 " +":class:`Formatter` 的实例直接使用定制的字符串，实例能找到这个字典类对象的键。 " +"如果你需要一个其他的方法，比如说，想要在消息字符串前后增加上下文信息，你只需要创建一个 :class:`LoggerAdapter` 的子类，并覆盖它的" +" :meth:`~LoggerAdapter.process` 方法来做你想做的事情，以下是一个简单的示例::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:916 +msgid "" +"class CustomAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This example adapter expects the passed in dict-like object to have a\n" +" 'connid' key, whose value in brackets is prepended to the log message.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def process(self, msg, kwargs):\n" +" return '[%s] %s' % (self.extra['connid'], msg), kwargs" +msgstr "" +"class CustomAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This example adapter expects the passed in dict-like object to have a\n" +" 'connid' key, whose value in brackets is prepended to the log message.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def process(self, msg, kwargs):\n" +" return '[%s] %s' % (self.extra['connid'], msg), kwargs" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:924 +msgid "which you can use like this::" +msgstr "你可以这样使用::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:926 +msgid "" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"adapter = CustomAdapter(logger, {'connid': some_conn_id})" +msgstr "" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"adapter = CustomAdapter(logger, {'connid': some_conn_id})" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Then any events that you log to the adapter will have the value of " +"``some_conn_id`` prepended to the log messages." +msgstr "然后，你记录在适配器中的任何事件消息前将添加 ``some_conn_id`` 的值。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:933 +msgid "Using objects other than dicts to pass contextual information" +msgstr "使用除字典之外的其它对象传递上下文信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:935 +msgid "" +"You don't need to pass an actual dict to a :class:`LoggerAdapter` - you " +"could pass an instance of a class which implements ``__getitem__`` and " +"``__iter__`` so that it looks like a dict to logging. This would be useful " +"if you want to generate values dynamically (whereas the values in a dict " +"would be constant)." +msgstr "" +"你不需要将一个实际的字典传递给 :class:`LoggerAdapter`-你可以传入一个实现了 ``__getitem__`` 和 " +"``__iter__`` 的类的实例，这样它就像是一个字典。这对于你想动态生成值（而字典中的值往往是常量）将很有帮助。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:944 +msgid "Using Filters to impart contextual information" +msgstr "使用过滤器传递上下文信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:946 +msgid "" +"You can also add contextual information to log output using a user-defined " +":class:`Filter`. ``Filter`` instances are allowed to modify the " +"``LogRecords`` passed to them, including adding additional attributes which " +"can then be output using a suitable format string, or if needed a custom " +":class:`Formatter`." +msgstr "" +"你也可以使用一个用户定义的类 :class:`Filter` 在日志输出中添加上下文信息。``Filter`` 的实例是被允许修改传入的 " +"``LogRecords``，包括添加其他的属性，然后可以使用合适的格式化字符串输出，或者可以使用一个自定义的类 :class:`Formatter`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:951 +msgid "" +"For example in a web application, the request being processed (or at least, " +"the interesting parts of it) can be stored in a threadlocal " +"(:class:`threading.local`) variable, and then accessed from a ``Filter`` to " +"add, say, information from the request - say, the remote IP address and " +"remote user's username - to the ``LogRecord``, using the attribute names " +"'ip' and 'user' as in the ``LoggerAdapter`` example above. In that case, the" +" same format string can be used to get similar output to that shown above. " +"Here's an example script::" +msgstr "" +"例如，在一个web应用程序中，正在处理的请求（或者至少是请求的一部分），可以存储在一个线程本地 (:class:`threading.local`) " +"变量中，然后从 ``Filter`` 中去访问。请求中的信息，如IP地址和用户名将被存储在 ``LogRecord`` 中，使用上例 " +"``LoggerAdapter`` 中的 'ip' 和 'user' " +"属性名。在这种情况下，可以使用相同的格式化字符串来得到上例中类似的输出结果。这是一段示例代码::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:960 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"from random import choice\n" +"\n" +"class ContextFilter(logging.Filter):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This is a filter which injects contextual information into the log.\n" +"\n" +" Rather than use actual contextual information, we just use random\n" +" data in this demo.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" USERS = ['jim', 'fred', 'sheila']\n" +" IPS = ['123.231.231.123', '127.0.0.1', '192.168.0.1']\n" +"\n" +" def filter(self, record):\n" +"\n" +" record.ip = choice(ContextFilter.IPS)\n" +" record.user = choice(ContextFilter.USERS)\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" levels = (logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR, logging.CRITICAL)\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,\n" +" format='%(asctime)-15s %(name)-5s %(levelname)-8s IP: %(ip)-15s User: %(user)-8s %(message)s')\n" +" a1 = logging.getLogger('a.b.c')\n" +" a2 = logging.getLogger('d.e.f')\n" +"\n" +" f = ContextFilter()\n" +" a1.addFilter(f)\n" +" a2.addFilter(f)\n" +" a1.debug('A debug message')\n" +" a1.info('An info message with %s', 'some parameters')\n" +" for x in range(10):\n" +" lvl = choice(levels)\n" +" lvlname = logging.getLevelName(lvl)\n" +" a2.log(lvl, 'A message at %s level with %d %s', lvlname, 2, 'parameters')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"from random import choice\n" +"\n" +"class ContextFilter(logging.Filter):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This is a filter which injects contextual information into the log.\n" +"\n" +" Rather than use actual contextual information, we just use random\n" +" data in this demo.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" USERS = ['jim', 'fred', 'sheila']\n" +" IPS = ['123.231.231.123', '127.0.0.1', '192.168.0.1']\n" +"\n" +" def filter(self, record):\n" +"\n" +" record.ip = choice(ContextFilter.IPS)\n" +" record.user = choice(ContextFilter.USERS)\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" levels = (logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR, logging.CRITICAL)\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,\n" +" format='%(asctime)-15s %(name)-5s %(levelname)-8s IP: %(ip)-15s User: %(user)-8s %(message)s')\n" +" a1 = logging.getLogger('a.b.c')\n" +" a2 = logging.getLogger('d.e.f')\n" +"\n" +" f = ContextFilter()\n" +" a1.addFilter(f)\n" +" a2.addFilter(f)\n" +" a1.debug('A debug message')\n" +" a1.info('An info message with %s', 'some parameters')\n" +" for x in range(10):\n" +" lvl = choice(levels)\n" +" lvlname = logging.getLevelName(lvl)\n" +" a2.log(lvl, 'A message at %s level with %d %s', lvlname, 2, 'parameters')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:997 +msgid "which, when run, produces something like:" +msgstr "在运行时，产生如下内容:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:999 +msgid "" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,292 a.b.c DEBUG IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A debug message\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 a.b.c INFO IP: 192.168.0.1 User: sheila An info message with some parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f CRITICAL IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at CRITICAL level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f ERROR IP: 127.0.0.1 User: jim A message at ERROR level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f DEBUG IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at DEBUG level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f ERROR IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A message at ERROR level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f CRITICAL IP: 192.168.0.1 User: jim A message at CRITICAL level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f CRITICAL IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at CRITICAL level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f DEBUG IP: 192.168.0.1 User: jim A message at DEBUG level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,301 d.e.f ERROR IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at ERROR level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,301 d.e.f DEBUG IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A message at DEBUG level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,301 d.e.f INFO IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A message at INFO level with 2 parameters" +msgstr "" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,292 a.b.c DEBUG IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A debug message\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 a.b.c INFO IP: 192.168.0.1 User: sheila An info message with some parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f CRITICAL IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at CRITICAL level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f ERROR IP: 127.0.0.1 User: jim A message at ERROR level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f DEBUG IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at DEBUG level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f ERROR IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A message at ERROR level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f CRITICAL IP: 192.168.0.1 User: jim A message at CRITICAL level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f CRITICAL IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at CRITICAL level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,300 d.e.f DEBUG IP: 192.168.0.1 User: jim A message at DEBUG level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,301 d.e.f ERROR IP: 127.0.0.1 User: sheila A message at ERROR level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,301 d.e.f DEBUG IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A message at DEBUG level with 2 parameters\n" +"2010-09-06 22:38:15,301 d.e.f INFO IP: 123.231.231.123 User: fred A message at INFO level with 2 parameters" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1015 +msgid "Use of ``contextvars``" +msgstr "``contextvars`` 的使用" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.7, the :mod:`contextvars` module has provided context-local " +"storage which works for both :mod:`threading` and :mod:`asyncio` processing " +"needs. This type of storage may thus be generally preferable to thread-" +"locals. The following example shows how, in a multi-threaded environment, " +"logs can populated with contextual information such as, for example, request" +" attributes handled by web applications." +msgstr "" +"自 Python 3.7 起，:mod:`contextvars` 模块提供了同时适用于 :mod:`threading` 和 " +":mod:`asyncio` 处理需求的上下文本地存储。 因此这种存储类型通常要比线程本地存储更好。 " +"下面的例子演示了在多线程环境中日志如何用上下文信息来填充内容，例如 Web 应用程序所处理的请求属性。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"For the purposes of illustration, say that you have different web " +"applications, each independent of the other but running in the same Python " +"process and using a library common to them. How can each of these " +"applications have their own log, where all logging messages from the library" +" (and other request processing code) are directed to the appropriate " +"application's log file, while including in the log additional contextual " +"information such as client IP, HTTP request method and client username?" +msgstr "" +"出于说明的目的，比方说你有几个不同的 Web 应用程序，彼此都保持独立状态但运行在同一个 Python 进程中并且它们共同使用了某个库。 " +"这些应用程序要如何拥有各自的日志记录，其中来自这个库的日志消息（以及其他请求处理代码）会发到对应的应用程序的日志文件，同时在日志中包括额外的上下文信息如客户端" +" IP、HTTP 请求方法和客户端用户名呢？" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1030 +msgid "Let's assume that the library can be simulated by the following code:" +msgstr "让我们假定这个库可以通过以下代码来模拟:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"# webapplib.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def useful():\n" +" # Just a representative event logged from the library\n" +" logger.debug('Hello from webapplib!')\n" +" # Just sleep for a bit so other threads get to run\n" +" time.sleep(0.01)" +msgstr "" +"# webapplib.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def useful():\n" +" # 一条从库中记录的代表性事件\n" +" logger.debug('Hello from webapplib!')\n" +" # 休眠一下以便其他线程能够运行\n" +" time.sleep(0.01)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"We can simulate the multiple web applications by means of two simple " +"classes, ``Request`` and ``WebApp``. These simulate how real threaded web " +"applications work - each request is handled by a thread:" +msgstr "" +"我们可以通过两个简单的类 ``Request`` 和 ``WebApp`` 来模拟多个 Web 应用程序。 它们模拟了真正的多线程 Web " +"应用程序是如何工作的 —— 每个请求均由单独的线程来处理:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1050 +msgid "" +"# main.py\n" +"import argparse\n" +"from contextvars import ContextVar\n" +"import logging\n" +"import os\n" +"from random import choice\n" +"import threading\n" +"import webapplib\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"root = logging.getLogger()\n" +"root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"class Request:\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A simple dummy request class which just holds dummy HTTP request method,\n" +" client IP address and client username\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, method, ip, user):\n" +" self.method = method\n" +" self.ip = ip\n" +" self.user = user\n" +"\n" +"# A dummy set of requests which will be used in the simulation - we'll just pick\n" +"# from this list randomly. Note that all GET requests are from 192.168.2.XXX\n" +"# addresses, whereas POST requests are from 192.16.3.XXX addresses. Three users\n" +"# are represented in the sample requests.\n" +"\n" +"REQUESTS = [\n" +" Request('GET', '192.168.2.20', 'jim'),\n" +" Request('POST', '192.168.3.20', 'fred'),\n" +" Request('GET', '192.168.2.21', 'sheila'),\n" +" Request('POST', '192.168.3.21', 'jim'),\n" +" Request('GET', '192.168.2.22', 'fred'),\n" +" Request('POST', '192.168.3.22', 'sheila'),\n" +"]\n" +"\n" +"# Note that the format string includes references to request context information\n" +"# such as HTTP method, client IP and username\n" +"\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(threadName)-11s %(appName)s %(name)-9s %(user)-6s %(ip)s %(method)-4s %(message)s')\n" +"\n" +"# Create our context variables. These will be filled at the start of request\n" +"# processing, and used in the logging that happens during that processing\n" +"\n" +"ctx_request = ContextVar('request')\n" +"ctx_appname = ContextVar('appname')\n" +"\n" +"class InjectingFilter(logging.Filter):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A filter which injects context-specific information into logs and ensures\n" +" that only information for a specific webapp is included in its log\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, app):\n" +" self.app = app\n" +"\n" +" def filter(self, record):\n" +" request = ctx_request.get()\n" +" record.method = request.method\n" +" record.ip = request.ip\n" +" record.user = request.user\n" +" record.appName = appName = ctx_appname.get()\n" +" return appName == self.app.name\n" +"\n" +"class WebApp:\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A dummy web application class which has its own handler and filter for a\n" +" webapp-specific log.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" handler = logging.FileHandler(name + '.log', 'w')\n" +" f = InjectingFilter(self)\n" +" handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" handler.addFilter(f)\n" +" root.addHandler(handler)\n" +" self.num_requests = 0\n" +"\n" +" def process_request(self, request):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This is the dummy method for processing a request. It's called on a\n" +" different thread for every request. We store the context information into\n" +" the context vars before doing anything else.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" ctx_request.set(request)\n" +" ctx_appname.set(self.name)\n" +" self.num_requests += 1\n" +" logger.debug('Request processing started')\n" +" webapplib.useful()\n" +" logger.debug('Request processing finished')\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" fn = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0]\n" +" adhf = argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter\n" +" ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=adhf, prog=fn,\n" +" description='Simulate a couple of web '\n" +" 'applications handling some '\n" +" 'requests, showing how request '\n" +" 'context can be used to '\n" +" 'populate logs')\n" +" aa = ap.add_argument\n" +" aa('--count', '-c', type=int, default=100, help='How many requests to simulate')\n" +" options = ap.parse_args()\n" +"\n" +" # Create the dummy webapps and put them in a list which we can use to select\n" +" # from randomly\n" +" app1 = WebApp('app1')\n" +" app2 = WebApp('app2')\n" +" apps = [app1, app2]\n" +" threads = []\n" +" # Add a common handler which will capture all events\n" +" handler = logging.FileHandler('app.log', 'w')\n" +" handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" root.addHandler(handler)\n" +"\n" +" # Generate calls to process requests\n" +" for i in range(options.count):\n" +" try:\n" +" # Pick an app at random and a request for it to process\n" +" app = choice(apps)\n" +" request = choice(REQUESTS)\n" +" # Process the request in its own thread\n" +" t = threading.Thread(target=app.process_request, args=(request,))\n" +" threads.append(t)\n" +" t.start()\n" +" except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" break\n" +"\n" +" # Wait for the threads to terminate\n" +" for t in threads:\n" +" t.join()\n" +"\n" +" for app in apps:\n" +" print('%s processed %s requests' % (app.name, app.num_requests))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"# main.py\n" +"import argparse\n" +"from contextvars import ContextVar\n" +"import logging\n" +"import os\n" +"from random import choice\n" +"import threading\n" +"import webapplib\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"root = logging.getLogger()\n" +"root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"class Request:\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A simple dummy request class which just holds dummy HTTP request method,\n" +" client IP address and client username\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, method, ip, user):\n" +" self.method = method\n" +" self.ip = ip\n" +" self.user = user\n" +"\n" +"# 将在模拟中使用的一组假请求 —— 我们将从这个列表随机选取。\n" +"# 请注意所有 GET 请求都来自 192.168.2.XXX 地址，\n" +"# 而 POST 请求都来自 192.16.3.XXX 地址。\n" +"# 在这些样例请求中有三个用户。\n" +"\n" +"REQUESTS = [\n" +" Request('GET', '192.168.2.20', 'jim'),\n" +" Request('POST', '192.168.3.20', 'fred'),\n" +" Request('GET', '192.168.2.21', 'sheila'),\n" +" Request('POST', '192.168.3.21', 'jim'),\n" +" Request('GET', '192.168.2.22', 'fred'),\n" +" Request('POST', '192.168.3.22', 'sheila'),\n" +"]\n" +"\n" +"# 请注意格式字符串包括了对请求上下文信息的引用\n" +"# 如 HTTP 方法，客户端 IP 和用户名\n" +"\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(threadName)-11s %(appName)s %(name)-9s %(user)-6s %(ip)s %(method)-4s %(message)s')\n" +"\n" +"# 创建我们的上下文变量。 它们将在开始处理请求时被填充，\n" +"# 并将在处理时发生的日志记录中被使用。\n" +"\n" +"ctx_request = ContextVar('request')\n" +"ctx_appname = ContextVar('appname')\n" +"\n" +"class InjectingFilter(logging.Filter):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A filter which injects context-specific information into logs and ensures\n" +" that only information for a specific webapp is included in its log\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, app):\n" +" self.app = app\n" +"\n" +" def filter(self, record):\n" +" request = ctx_request.get()\n" +" record.method = request.method\n" +" record.ip = request.ip\n" +" record.user = request.user\n" +" record.appName = appName = ctx_appname.get()\n" +" return appName == self.app.name\n" +"\n" +"class WebApp:\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A dummy web application class which has its own handler and filter for a\n" +" webapp-specific log.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" handler = logging.FileHandler(name + '.log', 'w')\n" +" f = InjectingFilter(self)\n" +" handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" handler.addFilter(f)\n" +" root.addHandler(handler)\n" +" self.num_requests = 0\n" +"\n" +" def process_request(self, request):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This is the dummy method for processing a request. It's called on a\n" +" different thread for every request. We store the context information into\n" +" the context vars before doing anything else.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" ctx_request.set(request)\n" +" ctx_appname.set(self.name)\n" +" self.num_requests += 1\n" +" logger.debug('Request processing started')\n" +" webapplib.useful()\n" +" logger.debug('Request processing finished')\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" fn = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0]\n" +" adhf = argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter\n" +" ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=adhf, prog=fn,\n" +" description='Simulate a couple of web '\n" +" 'applications handling some '\n" +" 'requests, showing how request '\n" +" 'context can be used to '\n" +" 'populate logs')\n" +" aa = ap.add_argument\n" +" aa('--count', '-c', type=int, default=100, help='How many requests to simulate')\n" +" options = ap.parse_args()\n" +"\n" +" # 创建假 Web 应用并将其放在列表中以便我们\n" +" # 用于随机选取\n" +" app1 = WebApp('app1')\n" +" app2 = WebApp('app2')\n" +" apps = [app1, app2]\n" +" threads = []\n" +" # 添加一个将捕获所有事件的通用处理器\n" +" handler = logging.FileHandler('app.log', 'w')\n" +" handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" root.addHandler(handler)\n" +"\n" +" # 生成调用来处理请求\n" +" for i in range(options.count):\n" +" try:\n" +" # Pick an app at random and a request for it to process\n" +" app = choice(apps)\n" +" request = choice(REQUESTS)\n" +" # Process the request in its own thread\n" +" t = threading.Thread(target=app.process_request, args=(request,))\n" +" threads.append(t)\n" +" t.start()\n" +" except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" break\n" +"\n" +" # 等待线程终结\n" +" for t in threads:\n" +" t.join()\n" +"\n" +" for app in apps:\n" +" print('%s processed %s requests' % (app.name, app.num_requests))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"If you run the above, you should find that roughly half the requests go into" +" :file:`app1.log` and the rest into :file:`app2.log`, and the all the " +"requests are logged to :file:`app.log`. Each webapp-specific log will " +"contain only log entries for only that webapp, and the request information " +"will be displayed consistently in the log (i.e. the information in each " +"dummy request will always appear together in a log line). This is " +"illustrated by the following shell output:" +msgstr "" +"如果你运行上面的代码，你将会发现约有半数请求是发给 :file:`app1.log` 而其余的则是发给 " +":file:`app2.log`，并且所有请求都会被记录至 :file:`app.log`。 每个 Web 应用专属的日志将只包含该 Web " +"应用的日志条目，请求信息也将以一致的方式显示在日志里（即每个模拟请求中的信息将总是在一个日志行中一起显示）。 如下面的 shell 输出所示:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ python main.py\n" +"app1 processed 51 requests\n" +"app2 processed 49 requests\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ wc -l *.log\n" +" 153 app1.log\n" +" 147 app2.log\n" +" 300 app.log\n" +" 600 total\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ head -3 app1.log\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 webapplib jim 192.168.3.21 POST Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-5 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ head -3 app2.log\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 __main__ sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 webapplib sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-2 (process_request) app2 __main__ jim 192.168.2.20 GET Request processing started\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ head app.log\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 __main__ sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 webapplib sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-2 (process_request) app2 __main__ jim 192.168.2.20 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"Thread-2 (process_request) app2 webapplib jim 192.168.2.20 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 webapplib jim 192.168.3.21 POST Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-4 (process_request) app2 __main__ fred 192.168.2.22 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-5 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"Thread-4 (process_request) app2 webapplib fred 192.168.2.22 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-6 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app1 app1.log | wc -l\n" +"153\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app2 app2.log | wc -l\n" +"147\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app1 app.log | wc -l\n" +"153\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app2 app.log | wc -l\n" +"147" +msgstr "" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ python main.py\n" +"app1 processed 51 requests\n" +"app2 processed 49 requests\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ wc -l *.log\n" +" 153 app1.log\n" +" 147 app2.log\n" +" 300 app.log\n" +" 600 total\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ head -3 app1.log\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 webapplib jim 192.168.3.21 POST Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-5 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ head -3 app2.log\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 __main__ sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 webapplib sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-2 (process_request) app2 __main__ jim 192.168.2.20 GET Request processing started\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ head app.log\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 __main__ sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-1 (process_request) app2 webapplib sheila 192.168.2.21 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-2 (process_request) app2 __main__ jim 192.168.2.20 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"Thread-2 (process_request) app2 webapplib jim 192.168.2.20 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-3 (process_request) app1 webapplib jim 192.168.3.21 POST Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-4 (process_request) app2 __main__ fred 192.168.2.22 GET Request processing started\n" +"Thread-5 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"Thread-4 (process_request) app2 webapplib fred 192.168.2.22 GET Hello from webapplib!\n" +"Thread-6 (process_request) app1 __main__ jim 192.168.3.21 POST Request processing started\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app1 app1.log | wc -l\n" +"153\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app2 app2.log | wc -l\n" +"147\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app1 app.log | wc -l\n" +"153\n" +"~/logging-contextual-webapp$ grep app2 app.log | wc -l\n" +"147" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1237 +msgid "Imparting contextual information in handlers" +msgstr "在处理器中传递上下文信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1239 +msgid "" +"Each :class:`~Handler` has its own chain of filters. If you want to add " +"contextual information to a :class:`LogRecord` without leaking it to other " +"handlers, you can use a filter that returns a new :class:`~LogRecord` " +"instead of modifying it in-place, as shown in the following script::" +msgstr "" +"每个 :class:`~Handler` 都有自己的过滤器链。 如果你想向一个 :class:`LogRecord` " +"添加上下文信息而不使其泄露给其它处理器，你可以使用一个返回新 :class:`~LogRecord` 而不是原地修改它的过滤器，如下面的脚本所示::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"import copy\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"def filter(record: logging.LogRecord):\n" +" record = copy.copy(record)\n" +" record.user = 'jim'\n" +" return record\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger()\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +" handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +" formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s from %(user)-8s')\n" +" handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" handler.addFilter(filter)\n" +" logger.addHandler(handler)\n" +"\n" +" logger.info('A log message')" +msgstr "" +"import copy\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"def filter(record: logging.LogRecord):\n" +" record = copy.copy(record)\n" +" record.user = 'jim'\n" +" return record\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger()\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +" handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +" formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s from %(user)-8s')\n" +" handler.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" handler.addFilter(filter)\n" +" logger.addHandler(handler)\n" +"\n" +" logger.info('A log message')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1266 +msgid "Logging to a single file from multiple processes" +msgstr "从多个进程记录至单个文件" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1268 +msgid "" +"Although logging is thread-safe, and logging to a single file from multiple " +"threads in a single process *is* supported, logging to a single file from " +"*multiple processes* is *not* supported, because there is no standard way to" +" serialize access to a single file across multiple processes in Python. If " +"you need to log to a single file from multiple processes, one way of doing " +"this is to have all the processes log to a :class:`~handlers.SocketHandler`," +" and have a separate process which implements a socket server which reads " +"from the socket and logs to file. (If you prefer, you can dedicate one " +"thread in one of the existing processes to perform this function.) " +":ref:`This section ` documents this approach in more detail" +" and includes a working socket receiver which can be used as a starting " +"point for you to adapt in your own applications." +msgstr "" +"尽管 logging 是线程安全的，将单个进程中的多个线程日志记录至单个文件也 *是* 受支持的，但将 *多个进程* 中的日志记录至单个文件则 *不是*" +" 受支持的，因为在 Python 中并没有在多个进程中实现对单个文件访问的序列化的标准方案。 " +"如果你需要将多个进程中的日志记录至单个文件，有一个方案是让所有进程都将日志记录至一个 " +":class:`~handlers.SocketHandler`，然后用一个实现了套接字服务器的单独进程一边从套接字中读取一边将日志记录至文件。 " +"（如果愿意的话，你可以在一个现有进程中专门开一个线程来执行此项功能。） :ref:`这一部分 ` " +"文档对此方式有更详细的介绍，并包含一个可用的套接字接收器，你自己的应用可以在此基础上进行适配。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1281 +msgid "" +"You could also write your own handler which uses the " +":class:`~multiprocessing.Lock` class from the :mod:`multiprocessing` module " +"to serialize access to the file from your processes. The stdlib " +":class:`FileHandler` and subclasses do not make use of " +":mod:`multiprocessing`." +msgstr "" +"你也可以编写你自己的处理器，让其使用 :mod:`multiprocessing` 模块中的 " +":class:`~multiprocessing.Lock` 类来顺序访问你的多个进程中的文件。 标准库的 :class:`FileHandler` " +"及其子类均未使用 :mod:`multiprocessing`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, you can use a ``Queue`` and a :class:`QueueHandler` to send " +"all logging events to one of the processes in your multi-process " +"application. The following example script demonstrates how you can do this; " +"in the example a separate listener process listens for events sent by other " +"processes and logs them according to its own logging configuration. Although" +" the example only demonstrates one way of doing it (for example, you may " +"want to use a listener thread rather than a separate listener process -- the" +" implementation would be analogous) it does allow for completely different " +"logging configurations for the listener and the other processes in your " +"application, and can be used as the basis for code meeting your own specific" +" requirements::" +msgstr "" +"或者，你也可以使用 ``Queue`` 和 :class:`QueueHandler` 将所有的日志事件发送至你的多进程应用的一个进程中。 " +"以下示例脚本演示了如何执行此操作。 在示例中，一个单独的监听进程负责监听其他进程的日志事件，并根据自己的配置记录。 " +"尽管示例只演示了这种方法（例如你可能希望使用单独的监听线程而非监听进程 —— " +"它们的实现是类似的），但你也可以在应用程序的监听进程和其他进程使用不同的配置，它可以作为满足你特定需求的一个基础::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1299 +msgid "" +"# You'll need these imports in your own code\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import multiprocessing\n" +"\n" +"# Next two import lines for this demo only\n" +"from random import choice, random\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# Because you'll want to define the logging configurations for listener and workers, the\n" +"# listener and worker process functions take a configurer parameter which is a callable\n" +"# for configuring logging for that process. These functions are also passed the queue,\n" +"# which they use for communication.\n" +"#\n" +"# In practice, you can configure the listener however you want, but note that in this\n" +"# simple example, the listener does not apply level or filter logic to received records.\n" +"# In practice, you would probably want to do this logic in the worker processes, to avoid\n" +"# sending events which would be filtered out between processes.\n" +"#\n" +"# The size of the rotated files is made small so you can see the results easily.\n" +"def listener_configurer():\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" h = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler('mptest.log', 'a', 300, 10)\n" +" f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(processName)-10s %(name)s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')\n" +" h.setFormatter(f)\n" +" root.addHandler(h)\n" +"\n" +"# This is the listener process top-level loop: wait for logging events\n" +"# (LogRecords)on the queue and handle them, quit when you get a None for a\n" +"# LogRecord.\n" +"def listener_process(queue, configurer):\n" +" configurer()\n" +" while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" record = queue.get()\n" +" if record is None: # We send this as a sentinel to tell the listener to quit.\n" +" break\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(record.name)\n" +" logger.handle(record) # No level or filter logic applied - just do it!\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" import sys, traceback\n" +" print('Whoops! Problem:', file=sys.stderr)\n" +" traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)\n" +"\n" +"# Arrays used for random selections in this demo\n" +"\n" +"LEVELS = [logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING,\n" +" logging.ERROR, logging.CRITICAL]\n" +"\n" +"LOGGERS = ['a.b.c', 'd.e.f']\n" +"\n" +"MESSAGES = [\n" +" 'Random message #1',\n" +" 'Random message #2',\n" +" 'Random message #3',\n" +"]\n" +"\n" +"# The worker configuration is done at the start of the worker process run.\n" +"# Note that on Windows you can't rely on fork semantics, so each process\n" +"# will run the logging configuration code when it starts.\n" +"def worker_configurer(queue):\n" +" h = logging.handlers.QueueHandler(queue) # Just the one handler needed\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.addHandler(h)\n" +" # send all messages, for demo; no other level or filter logic applied.\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# This is the worker process top-level loop, which just logs ten events with\n" +"# random intervening delays before terminating.\n" +"# The print messages are just so you know it's doing something!\n" +"def worker_process(queue, configurer):\n" +" configurer(queue)\n" +" name = multiprocessing.current_process().name\n" +" print('Worker started: %s' % name)\n" +" for i in range(10):\n" +" time.sleep(random())\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(choice(LOGGERS))\n" +" level = choice(LEVELS)\n" +" message = choice(MESSAGES)\n" +" logger.log(level, message)\n" +" print('Worker finished: %s' % name)\n" +"\n" +"# Here's where the demo gets orchestrated. Create the queue, create and start\n" +"# the listener, create ten workers and start them, wait for them to finish,\n" +"# then send a None to the queue to tell the listener to finish.\n" +"def main():\n" +" queue = multiprocessing.Queue(-1)\n" +" listener = multiprocessing.Process(target=listener_process,\n" +" args=(queue, listener_configurer))\n" +" listener.start()\n" +" workers = []\n" +" for i in range(10):\n" +" worker = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker_process,\n" +" args=(queue, worker_configurer))\n" +" workers.append(worker)\n" +" worker.start()\n" +" for w in workers:\n" +" w.join()\n" +" queue.put_nowait(None)\n" +" listener.join()\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"# 你将在自己的代码中需要这些导入\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import multiprocessing\n" +"\n" +"# 以下两行导入仅针对本演示\n" +"from random import choice, random\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 因为你会希望为监听进程和工作进程定义日志记录配置，\n" +"# 这些进程函数将接受一个可调用对象作为 configurer 形参\n" +"# 用于为进程配置日志记录。 这些函数还将接受一个队列，\n" +"# 供它们在通信中使用。\n" +"#\n" +"# 实际上，你可以根据你的需要任意配置监听进程，但请注意在\n" +"# 该简单示例中监听进程没有对收到的记录应用层级或过滤逻辑。\n" +"# 在实践中，你可能会希望在工作进程中执行此逻辑，以避免发送\n" +"# 将会在进程间被过滤掉的事件。\n" +"#\n" +"# 轮转文件的尺寸被设置为很小以便你能方便地查看结果。\n" +"def listener_configurer():\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" h = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler('mptest.log', 'a', 300, 10)\n" +" f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(processName)-10s %(name)s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')\n" +" h.setFormatter(f)\n" +" root.addHandler(h)\n" +"\n" +"# 这是监听进程的最高层级循环：等待队列中的日志记录事件\n" +"# (LogRecords) 并处理它们，当在接受 LogRecord 时收到 None\n" +"# 则退出。\n" +"def listener_process(queue, configurer):\n" +" configurer()\n" +" while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" record = queue.get()\n" +" if record is None: # 我们发送该值以通知监听进程退出。\n" +" break\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(record.name)\n" +" logger.handle(record) # 未应用层级或过滤逻辑 —— 直接做！ except Exception:\n" +" import sys, traceback\n" +" print('Whoops! Problem:', file=sys.stderr)\n" +" traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)\n" +"\n" +"# 用于在本演示中随机选取的数组\n" +"\n" +"LEVELS = [logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING,\n" +" logging.ERROR, logging.CRITICAL]\n" +"\n" +"LOGGERS = ['a.b.c', 'd.e.f']\n" +"\n" +"MESSAGES = [\n" +" 'Random message #1',\n" +" 'Random message #2',\n" +" 'Random message #3',\n" +"]\n" +"\n" +"# 工作进程配置在工作进程开始运行时完成。\n" +"# 请注意在 Windows 上不能依赖 fork 语义，因此每个进程\n" +"# 将在启动时运行日志记录配置代码。\n" +"def worker_configurer(queue):\n" +" h = logging.handlers.QueueHandler(queue) # 只需要一个处理器\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.addHandler(h)\n" +" # 发送所有消息，用于演示；未应用其他层级或过滤逻辑。\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# 这是工作进程的最高层级循环，它将在结束前以随机间隔\n" +"# 记录十个事件。\n" +"# 打印消息只是让你知道它正在做一些事情！\n" +"def worker_process(queue, configurer):\n" +" configurer(queue)\n" +" name = multiprocessing.current_process().name\n" +" print('Worker started: %s' % name)\n" +" for i in range(10):\n" +" time.sleep(random())\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(choice(LOGGERS))\n" +" level = choice(LEVELS)\n" +" message = choice(MESSAGES)\n" +" logger.log(level, message)\n" +" print('Worker finished: %s' % name)\n" +"\n" +"# 以下是演示整合各个组件的地方。 创建队列，创建并启动\n" +"# 监听进程，创建十个工作进程并启动它们，等待它们结束，\n" +"# 然后向队列发送 None 以通知监听进程退出。\n" +"def main():\n" +" queue = multiprocessing.Queue(-1)\n" +" listener = multiprocessing.Process(target=listener_process,\n" +" args=(queue, listener_configurer))\n" +" listener.start()\n" +" workers = []\n" +" for i in range(10):\n" +" worker = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker_process,\n" +" args=(queue, worker_configurer))\n" +" workers.append(worker)\n" +" worker.start()\n" +" for w in workers:\n" +" w.join()\n" +" queue.put_nowait(None)\n" +" listener.join()\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1404 +msgid "" +"A variant of the above script keeps the logging in the main process, in a " +"separate thread::" +msgstr "上面脚本的一个变种，仍然在主进程中记录日志，但使用一个单独的线程::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1407 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue\n" +"import random\n" +"import threading\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"def logger_thread(q):\n" +" while True:\n" +" record = q.get()\n" +" if record is None:\n" +" break\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(record.name)\n" +" logger.handle(record)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def worker_process(q):\n" +" qh = logging.handlers.QueueHandler(q)\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" root.addHandler(qh)\n" +" levels = [logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL]\n" +" loggers = ['foo', 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz',\n" +" 'spam', 'spam.ham', 'spam.ham.eggs']\n" +" for i in range(100):\n" +" lvl = random.choice(levels)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(random.choice(loggers))\n" +" logger.log(lvl, 'Message no. %d', i)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" q = Queue()\n" +" d = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'detailed': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.Formatter',\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(processName)-10s %(message)s'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'level': 'INFO',\n" +" },\n" +" 'file': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" },\n" +" 'foofile': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-foo.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" },\n" +" 'errors': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-errors.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'loggers': {\n" +" 'foo': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['foofile']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" 'handlers': ['console', 'file', 'errors']\n" +" },\n" +" }\n" +" workers = []\n" +" for i in range(5):\n" +" wp = Process(target=worker_process, name='worker %d' % (i + 1), args=(q,))\n" +" workers.append(wp)\n" +" wp.start()\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(d)\n" +" lp = threading.Thread(target=logger_thread, args=(q,))\n" +" lp.start()\n" +" # At this point, the main process could do some useful work of its own\n" +" # Once it's done that, it can wait for the workers to terminate...\n" +" for wp in workers:\n" +" wp.join()\n" +" # And now tell the logging thread to finish up, too\n" +" q.put(None)\n" +" lp.join()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue\n" +"import random\n" +"import threading\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"def logger_thread(q):\n" +" while True:\n" +" record = q.get()\n" +" if record is None:\n" +" break\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(record.name)\n" +" logger.handle(record)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def worker_process(q):\n" +" qh = logging.handlers.QueueHandler(q)\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" root.addHandler(qh)\n" +" levels = [logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL]\n" +" loggers = ['foo', 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz',\n" +" 'spam', 'spam.ham', 'spam.ham.eggs']\n" +" for i in range(100):\n" +" lvl = random.choice(levels)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(random.choice(loggers))\n" +" logger.log(lvl, 'Message no. %d', i)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" q = Queue()\n" +" d = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'detailed': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.Formatter',\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(processName)-10s %(message)s'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'level': 'INFO',\n" +" },\n" +" 'file': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" },\n" +" 'foofile': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-foo.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" },\n" +" 'errors': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-errors.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'loggers': {\n" +" 'foo': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['foofile']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" 'handlers': ['console', 'file', 'errors']\n" +" },\n" +" }\n" +" workers = []\n" +" for i in range(5):\n" +" wp = Process(target=worker_process, name='worker %d' % (i + 1), args=(q,))\n" +" workers.append(wp)\n" +" wp.start()\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(d)\n" +" lp = threading.Thread(target=logger_thread, args=(q,))\n" +" lp.start()\n" +" # 在这里，主进程可以执行某些对它自己有用的工作\n" +" # 当其完成后，即可等待工作进程终结...\n" +" for wp in workers:\n" +" wp.join()\n" +" # 现在再通知日志记录线程结束\n" +" q.put(None)\n" +" lp.join()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1499 +msgid "" +"This variant shows how you can e.g. apply configuration for particular " +"loggers - e.g. the ``foo`` logger has a special handler which stores all " +"events in the ``foo`` subsystem in a file ``mplog-foo.log``. This will be " +"used by the logging machinery in the main process (even though the logging " +"events are generated in the worker processes) to direct the messages to the " +"appropriate destinations." +msgstr "" +"这段变种的代码展示了如何使用特定的日志记录配置 - 例如 ``foo`` 记录器使用了特殊的处理程序，将 ``foo`` " +"子系统中所有的事件记录至一个文件 ``mplog-foo.log`` " +"。在主进程（即使是在工作进程中产生的日志事件）的日志记录机制中将直接使用恰当的配置。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1506 +msgid "Using concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor" +msgstr "concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor 的用法" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1508 +msgid "" +"If you want to use :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` to start " +"your worker processes, you need to create the queue slightly differently. " +"Instead of" +msgstr "" +"若要利用 :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"启动工作进程，创建队列的方式应稍有不同。不能是：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1512 +msgid "queue = multiprocessing.Queue(-1)" +msgstr "queue = multiprocessing.Queue(-1)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1516 +msgid "you should use" +msgstr "而应是：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1518 +msgid "" +"queue = multiprocessing.Manager().Queue(-1) # also works with the examples " +"above" +msgstr "queue = multiprocessing.Manager().Queue(-1) # 同样适用于上面的例子" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1522 +msgid "and you can then replace the worker creation from this::" +msgstr "然后就可以将以下工作进程的创建过程：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1524 +msgid "" +"workers = []\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" worker = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker_process,\n" +" args=(queue, worker_configurer))\n" +" workers.append(worker)\n" +" worker.start()\n" +"for w in workers:\n" +" w.join()" +msgstr "" +"workers = []\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" worker = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker_process,\n" +" args=(queue, worker_configurer))\n" +" workers.append(worker)\n" +" worker.start()\n" +"for w in workers:\n" +" w.join()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1533 +msgid "to this (remembering to first import :mod:`concurrent.futures`)::" +msgstr "改为 (记得要先导入 :mod:`concurrent.futures`)::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1535 +msgid "" +"with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:\n" +" for i in range(10):\n" +" executor.submit(worker_process, queue, worker_configurer)" +msgstr "" +"with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:\n" +" for i in range(10):\n" +" executor.submit(worker_process, queue, worker_configurer)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1540 +msgid "Deploying Web applications using Gunicorn and uWSGI" +msgstr "使用 Gunicorn 和 uWSGI 来部署 Web 应用程序" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"When deploying Web applications using `Gunicorn `_ or" +" `uWSGI `_ (or similar), " +"multiple worker processes are created to handle client requests. In such " +"environments, avoid creating file-based handlers directly in your web " +"application. Instead, use a :class:`SocketHandler` to log from the web " +"application to a listener in a separate process. This can be set up using a " +"process management tool such as Supervisor - see `Running a logging socket " +"listener in production`_ for more details." +msgstr "" +"当使用 `Gunicorn `_ 或 `uWSGI `_ (或其他类似工具) 来部署 Web 应用时，会创建多个工作进程来处理客户端请求。 " +"在这种环境下，要避免在你的 Web 应用中直接创建基于文件的处理器。 而应改为使用一个 :class:`SocketHandler` 将来自 Web " +"应用的日志发送到在单独进程中运行的监听器。 这可以通过使用一个进程管理工具例如 Supervisor 来进行设置 —— 请参阅 `Running a " +"logging socket listener in production`_ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1552 +msgid "Using file rotation" +msgstr "轮换日志文件" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1557 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want to let a log file grow to a certain size, then open a new" +" file and log to that. You may want to keep a certain number of these files," +" and when that many files have been created, rotate the files so that the " +"number of files and the size of the files both remain bounded. For this " +"usage pattern, the logging package provides a :class:`RotatingFileHandler`::" +msgstr "" +"有时您会希望让日志文件增长到一定大小，然后打开一个新的接着记录日志。 " +"您可能希望只保留一定数量的日志文件，当创建文件达到指定数量后将会轮换文件，从而使文件数量和文件大小都保持在一定范围之内。 " +"对于这种使用模式，日志包提供了一个 :class:`RotatingFileHandler`::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"import glob\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"\n" +"LOG_FILENAME = 'logging_rotatingfile_example.out'\n" +"\n" +"# Set up a specific logger with our desired output level\n" +"my_logger = logging.getLogger('MyLogger')\n" +"my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# Add the log message handler to the logger\n" +"handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(\n" +" LOG_FILENAME, maxBytes=20, backupCount=5)\n" +"\n" +"my_logger.addHandler(handler)\n" +"\n" +"# Log some messages\n" +"for i in range(20):\n" +" my_logger.debug('i = %d' % i)\n" +"\n" +"# See what files are created\n" +"logfiles = glob.glob('%s*' % LOG_FILENAME)\n" +"\n" +"for filename in logfiles:\n" +" print(filename)" +msgstr "" +"import glob\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"\n" +"LOG_FILENAME = 'logging_rotatingfile_example.out'\n" +"\n" +"# 使用我们想要的输出层级设置特定的日志记录器\n" +"my_logger = logging.getLogger('MyLogger')\n" +"my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# 将日志消息处理器添加到日志记录器\n" +"handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(\n" +" LOG_FILENAME, maxBytes=20, backupCount=5)\n" +"\n" +"my_logger.addHandler(handler)\n" +"\n" +"# 记录一些消息\n" +"for i in range(20):\n" +" my_logger.debug('i = %d' % i)\n" +"\n" +"# 查看创建了哪些文件\n" +"logfiles = glob.glob('%s*' % LOG_FILENAME)\n" +"\n" +"for filename in logfiles:\n" +" print(filename)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1589 +msgid "" +"The result should be 6 separate files, each with part of the log history for" +" the application:" +msgstr "结果应该是6个单独的文件，每个文件都包含了应用程序的部分历史日志:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.1\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.2\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.3\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.4\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.5" +msgstr "" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.1\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.2\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.3\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.4\n" +"logging_rotatingfile_example.out.5" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1601 +msgid "" +"The most current file is always :file:`logging_rotatingfile_example.out`, " +"and each time it reaches the size limit it is renamed with the suffix " +"``.1``. Each of the existing backup files is renamed to increment the suffix" +" (``.1`` becomes ``.2``, etc.) and the ``.6`` file is erased." +msgstr "" +"最新的文件始终是 :file:`logging_rotatingfile_example.out`，每次到达大小限制时，都会使用后缀 ``.1`` " +"重命名。每个现有的备份文件都会被重命名并增加其后缀（例如 ``.1`` 变为 ``.2`` ），而 ``.6`` 文件会被删除掉。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1606 +msgid "" +"Obviously this example sets the log length much too small as an extreme " +"example. You would want to set *maxBytes* to an appropriate value." +msgstr "显然，这个例子将日志长度设置得太小，这是一个极端的例子。 你可能希望将 *maxBytes* 设置为一个合适的值。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1614 +msgid "Use of alternative formatting styles" +msgstr "使用其他日志格式化方式" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1616 +msgid "" +"When logging was added to the Python standard library, the only way of " +"formatting messages with variable content was to use the %-formatting " +"method. Since then, Python has gained two new formatting approaches: " +":class:`string.Template` (added in Python 2.4) and :meth:`str.format` (added" +" in Python 2.6)." +msgstr "" +"当日志模块被添加至 Python 标准库时，只有一种格式化消息内容的方法即 %-formatting。 在那之后，Python 又增加了两种格式化方法:" +" :class:`string.Template` (在 Python 2.4 中新增) 和 :meth:`str.format` (在 Python " +"2.6 中新增)。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1622 +msgid "" +"Logging (as of 3.2) provides improved support for these two additional " +"formatting styles. The :class:`Formatter` class been enhanced to take an " +"additional, optional keyword parameter named ``style``. This defaults to " +"``'%'``, but other possible values are ``'{'`` and ``'$'``, which correspond" +" to the other two formatting styles. Backwards compatibility is maintained " +"by default (as you would expect), but by explicitly specifying a style " +"parameter, you get the ability to specify format strings which work with " +":meth:`str.format` or :class:`string.Template`. Here's an example console " +"session to show the possibilities:" +msgstr "" +"日志（从 3.2 开始）为这两种格式化方式提供了更多支持。:class:`Formatter` 类可以添加一个额外的可选关键字参数 " +"``style``。它的默认值是 ``'%'``，其他的值 ``'{'`` 和 ``'$'`` " +"也支持，对应了其他两种格式化样式。其保持了向后兼容（如您所愿），但通过显示指定样式参数，你可以指定格式化字符串的方式是使用 " +":meth:`str.format` 或 :class:`string.Template`。 这里是一个控制台会话的示例，展示了这些方式：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1632 +msgid "" +">>> import logging\n" +">>> root = logging.getLogger()\n" +">>> root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +">>> handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +">>> bf = logging.Formatter('{asctime} {name} {levelname:8s} {message}',\n" +"... style='{')\n" +">>> handler.setFormatter(bf)\n" +">>> root.addHandler(handler)\n" +">>> logger = logging.getLogger('foo.bar')\n" +">>> logger.debug('This is a DEBUG message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:11:55,341 foo.bar DEBUG This is a DEBUG message\n" +">>> logger.critical('This is a CRITICAL message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:12:11,526 foo.bar CRITICAL This is a CRITICAL message\n" +">>> df = logging.Formatter('$asctime $name ${levelname} $message',\n" +"... style='$')\n" +">>> handler.setFormatter(df)\n" +">>> logger.debug('This is a DEBUG message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:13:06,924 foo.bar DEBUG This is a DEBUG message\n" +">>> logger.critical('This is a CRITICAL message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:13:11,494 foo.bar CRITICAL This is a CRITICAL message\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> import logging\n" +">>> root = logging.getLogger()\n" +">>> root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +">>> handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +">>> bf = logging.Formatter('{asctime} {name} {levelname:8s} {message}',\n" +"... style='{')\n" +">>> handler.setFormatter(bf)\n" +">>> root.addHandler(handler)\n" +">>> logger = logging.getLogger('foo.bar')\n" +">>> logger.debug('This is a DEBUG message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:11:55,341 foo.bar DEBUG This is a DEBUG message\n" +">>> logger.critical('This is a CRITICAL message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:12:11,526 foo.bar CRITICAL This is a CRITICAL message\n" +">>> df = logging.Formatter('$asctime $name ${levelname} $message',\n" +"... style='$')\n" +">>> handler.setFormatter(df)\n" +">>> logger.debug('This is a DEBUG message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:13:06,924 foo.bar DEBUG This is a DEBUG message\n" +">>> logger.critical('This is a CRITICAL message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:13:11,494 foo.bar CRITICAL This is a CRITICAL message\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1656 +msgid "" +"Note that the formatting of logging messages for final output to logs is " +"completely independent of how an individual logging message is constructed. " +"That can still use %-formatting, as shown here::" +msgstr "请注意最终输出到日志的消息格式完全独立于单条日志消息的构造方式。 它仍然可以使用 %-formatting，如下所示::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1660 +msgid "" +">>> logger.error('This is an%s %s %s', 'other,', 'ERROR,', 'message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:19:29,833 foo.bar ERROR This is another, ERROR, message\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> logger.error('This is an%s %s %s', 'other,', 'ERROR,', 'message')\n" +"2010-10-28 15:19:29,833 foo.bar ERROR This is another, ERROR, message\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1664 +msgid "" +"Logging calls (``logger.debug()``, ``logger.info()`` etc.) only take " +"positional parameters for the actual logging message itself, with keyword " +"parameters used only for determining options for how to handle the actual " +"logging call (e.g. the ``exc_info`` keyword parameter to indicate that " +"traceback information should be logged, or the ``extra`` keyword parameter " +"to indicate additional contextual information to be added to the log). So " +"you cannot directly make logging calls using :meth:`str.format` or " +":class:`string.Template` syntax, because internally the logging package uses" +" %-formatting to merge the format string and the variable arguments. There " +"would be no changing this while preserving backward compatibility, since all" +" logging calls which are out there in existing code will be using %-format " +"strings." +msgstr "" +"日志调用（``logger.debug()`` 、``logger.info()`` " +"等）接受的位置参数只会用于日志信息本身，而关键字参数仅用于日志调用的可选处理参数（如关键字参数 ``exc_info`` 表示应记录跟踪信息， " +"``extra`` 则标识了需要加入日志的额外上下文信息）。所以不能直接用 :meth:`str.format` 或 " +":class:`string.Template` 语法进行日志调用，因为日志包在内部使用 %-f " +"格式来合并格式串和参数变量。在保持向下兼容性时，这一点不会改变，因为已有代码中的所有日志调用都会使用%-f 格式串。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1677 +msgid "" +"There is, however, a way that you can use {}- and $- formatting to construct" +" your individual log messages. Recall that for a message you can use an " +"arbitrary object as a message format string, and that the logging package " +"will call ``str()`` on that object to get the actual format string. Consider" +" the following two classes::" +msgstr "" +"还有一种方法可以构建自己的日志信息，就是利用 {}- 和 $- 格式。回想一下，任意对象都可用为日志信息的格式串，日志包将会调用该对象的 " +"``str()`` 方法，以获取最终的格式串。不妨看下一下两个类：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1683 ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2771 +msgid "" +"class BraceMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, fmt, /, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" self.fmt = fmt\n" +" self.args = args\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" return self.fmt.format(*self.args, **self.kwargs)\n" +"\n" +"class DollarMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, fmt, /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.fmt = fmt\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" from string import Template\n" +" return Template(self.fmt).substitute(**self.kwargs)" +msgstr "" +"class BraceMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, fmt, /, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" self.fmt = fmt\n" +" self.args = args\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" return self.fmt.format(*self.args, **self.kwargs)\n" +"\n" +"class DollarMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, fmt, /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.fmt = fmt\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" from string import Template\n" +" return Template(self.fmt).substitute(**self.kwargs)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1701 +msgid "" +"Either of these can be used in place of a format string, to allow {}- or " +"$-formatting to be used to build the actual \"message\" part which appears " +"in the formatted log output in place of \"%(message)s\" or \"{message}\" or " +"\"$message\". It's a little unwieldy to use the class names whenever you " +"want to log something, but it's quite palatable if you use an alias such as " +"__ (double underscore --- not to be confused with _, the single underscore " +"used as a synonym/alias for :func:`gettext.gettext` or its brethren)." +msgstr "" +"上述两个类均可代替格式串，使得能用 {}- 或 $-formatting 构建最终的“日志信息”部分，这些信息将出现在格式化后的日志输出中，替换 " +"%(message)s 或“{message}”或“$message”。每次写入日志时都要使用类名，有点不大实用，但如果用上 __ " +"之类的别名就相当合适了（双下划线 --- 不要与 _ 混淆，单下划线用作 :func:`gettext.gettext` 或相关函数的同义词/别名 ）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1709 +msgid "" +"The above classes are not included in Python, though they're easy enough to " +"copy and paste into your own code. They can be used as follows (assuming " +"that they're declared in a module called ``wherever``):" +msgstr "Python 并没有上述两个类，当然复制粘贴到自己的代码中也很容易。用法可如下所示（假定在名为 ``wherever`` 的模块中声明）：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1713 +msgid "" +">>> from wherever import BraceMessage as __\n" +">>> print(__('Message with {0} {name}', 2, name='placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>> class Point: pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = Point()\n" +">>> p.x = 0.5\n" +">>> p.y = 0.5\n" +">>> print(__('Message with coordinates: ({point.x:.2f}, {point.y:.2f})',\n" +"... point=p))\n" +"Message with coordinates: (0.50, 0.50)\n" +">>> from wherever import DollarMessage as __\n" +">>> print(__('Message with $num $what', num=2, what='placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from wherever import BraceMessage as __\n" +">>> print(__('Message with {0} {name}', 2, name='placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>> class Point: pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = Point()\n" +">>> p.x = 0.5\n" +">>> p.y = 0.5\n" +">>> print(__('Message with coordinates: ({point.x:.2f}, {point.y:.2f})',\n" +"... point=p))\n" +"Message with coordinates: (0.50, 0.50)\n" +">>> from wherever import DollarMessage as __\n" +">>> print(__('Message with $num $what', num=2, what='placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1731 +msgid "" +"While the above examples use ``print()`` to show how the formatting works, " +"you would of course use ``logger.debug()`` or similar to actually log using " +"this approach." +msgstr "" +"上述示例用了 ``print()`` 演示格式化输出的过程，实际记录日志时当然会用类似 ``logger.debug()`` 的方法来应用。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1735 +msgid "" +"One thing to note is that you pay no significant performance penalty with " +"this approach: the actual formatting happens not when you make the logging " +"call, but when (and if) the logged message is actually about to be output to" +" a log by a handler. So the only slightly unusual thing which might trip you" +" up is that the parentheses go around the format string and the arguments, " +"not just the format string. That's because the __ notation is just syntax " +"sugar for a constructor call to one of the :samp:`{XXX}Message` classes." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是使用这种方式不会对性能造成明显影响：实际的格式化工作不是在日志记录调用时发生的，而是在（如果）处理器即将把日志消息输出到日志时发生的。 " +"因此，唯一可能令人困惑的不寻常之处在于包裹在格式字符串和参数外面的圆括号，而不仅仅是格式字符串。 这是因为 __ 标记只是对 " +":samp:`{XXX}Message` 类的构造器的调用的语法糖。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1743 +msgid "" +"If you prefer, you can use a :class:`LoggerAdapter` to achieve a similar " +"effect to the above, as in the following example::" +msgstr "只要愿意，上述类似的效果即可用 :class:`LoggerAdapter` 实现，如下例所示：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1746 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class Message:\n" +" def __init__(self, fmt, args):\n" +" self.fmt = fmt\n" +" self.args = args\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" return self.fmt.format(*self.args)\n" +"\n" +"class StyleAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):\n" +" def log(self, level, msg, /, *args, stacklevel=1, **kwargs):\n" +" if self.isEnabledFor(level):\n" +" msg, kwargs = self.process(msg, kwargs)\n" +" self.logger.log(level, Message(msg, args), **kwargs,\n" +" stacklevel=stacklevel+1)\n" +"\n" +"logger = StyleAdapter(logging.getLogger(__name__))\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logger.debug('Hello, {}', 'world!')\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class Message:\n" +" def __init__(self, fmt, args):\n" +" self.fmt = fmt\n" +" self.args = args\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" return self.fmt.format(*self.args)\n" +"\n" +"class StyleAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):\n" +" def log(self, level, msg, /, *args, stacklevel=1, **kwargs):\n" +" if self.isEnabledFor(level):\n" +" msg, kwargs = self.process(msg, kwargs)\n" +" self.logger.log(level, Message(msg, args), **kwargs,\n" +" stacklevel=stacklevel+1)\n" +"\n" +"logger = StyleAdapter(logging.getLogger(__name__))\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logger.debug('Hello, {}', 'world!')\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1772 +msgid "" +"The above script should log the message ``Hello, world!`` when run with " +"Python 3.8 or later." +msgstr "在用 Python 3.8 以上版本运行时上述脚本应该会将消息 ``Hello, world!`` 写入日志。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1781 +msgid "Customizing ``LogRecord``" +msgstr "自定义 ``LogRecord``" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1783 +msgid "" +"Every logging event is represented by a :class:`LogRecord` instance. When an" +" event is logged and not filtered out by a logger's level, a " +":class:`LogRecord` is created, populated with information about the event " +"and then passed to the handlers for that logger (and its ancestors, up to " +"and including the logger where further propagation up the hierarchy is " +"disabled). Before Python 3.2, there were only two places where this creation" +" was done:" +msgstr "" +"每条日志事件都由一个 :class:`LogRecord` 实例表示。当某事件要记入日志并且没有被某级别过滤掉时，就会创建一个 " +":class:`LogRecord` 对象，并将有关事件的信息填入，传给该日志对象的 handler（及其祖先，直至对象禁止向上传播为止）。在 " +"Python 3.2 之前，只有两个地方会进行事件的创建：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1790 +msgid "" +":meth:`Logger.makeRecord`, which is called in the normal process of logging " +"an event. This invoked :class:`LogRecord` directly to create an instance." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Logger.makeRecord`，在事件正常记入日志的过程中调用。这会直接调用 :class:`LogRecord` 来创建一个实例。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1793 +msgid "" +":func:`makeLogRecord`, which is called with a dictionary containing " +"attributes to be added to the LogRecord. This is typically invoked when a " +"suitable dictionary has been received over the network (e.g. in pickle form " +"via a :class:`~handlers.SocketHandler`, or in JSON form via an " +":class:`~handlers.HTTPHandler`)." +msgstr "" +":func:`makeLogRecord`，调用时会带上一个字典参数，其中存放着要加入 LogRecord " +"的属性。这通常在通过网络接收到合适的字典时调用（如通过 :class:`~handlers.SocketHandler` 以 pickle 形式，或通过" +" :class:`~handlers.HTTPHandler` 以 JSON 形式）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"This has usually meant that if you need to do anything special with a " +":class:`LogRecord`, you've had to do one of the following." +msgstr "于是这意味着若要对 :class:`LogRecord` 进行定制，必须进行下述某种操作。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1802 +msgid "" +"Create your own :class:`Logger` subclass, which overrides " +":meth:`Logger.makeRecord`, and set it using :func:`~logging.setLoggerClass` " +"before any loggers that you care about are instantiated." +msgstr "" +"创建 :class:`Logger`  自定义子类，重写 :meth:`Logger.makeRecord`，并在实例化所需日志对象之前用 " +":func:`~logging.setLoggerClass` 进行设置。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"Add a :class:`Filter` to a logger or handler, which does the necessary " +"special manipulation you need when its :meth:`~Filter.filter` method is " +"called." +msgstr "" +"为日志对象添加 :class:`Filter` 或 handler，当其 :meth:`~Filter.filter` " +"方法被调用时，会执行必要的定制操作。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"The first approach would be a little unwieldy in the scenario where (say) " +"several different libraries wanted to do different things. Each would " +"attempt to set its own :class:`Logger` subclass, and the one which did this " +"last would win." +msgstr "" +"比如说在有多个不同库要完成不同操作的场景下，第一种方式会有点笨拙。 每次都要尝试设置自己的 :class:`Logger` " +"子类，而起作用的是最后一次尝试。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1814 +msgid "" +"The second approach works reasonably well for many cases, but does not allow" +" you to e.g. use a specialized subclass of :class:`LogRecord`. Library " +"developers can set a suitable filter on their loggers, but they would have " +"to remember to do this every time they introduced a new logger (which they " +"would do simply by adding new packages or modules and doing ::" +msgstr "" +"第二种方式在多数情况下效果都比较良好，但不允许你使用特殊化的 :class:`LogRecord` 子类。 " +"库开发者可以为他们的日志记录器设置合适的过滤器，但他们应当要记得每次引入新的日志记录器时都需如此（他们只需通过添加新的包或模块并执行以下操作即可）::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1820 +msgid "logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)" +msgstr "logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1822 +msgid "" +"at module level). It's probably one too many things to think about. " +"Developers could also add the filter to a :class:`~logging.NullHandler` " +"attached to their top-level logger, but this would not be invoked if an " +"application developer attached a handler to a lower-level library logger ---" +" so output from that handler would not reflect the intentions of the library" +" developer." +msgstr "" +"或许这样要顾及太多事情。开发人员还可以将过滤器附加到其顶级日志对象的 :class:`~logging.NullHandler` " +"中，但如果应用程序开发人员将 handler 附加到较底层库的日志对象，则不会调用该过滤器 --- 所以 handler " +"输出的内容不会符合库开发人员的预期。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1828 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.2 and later, :class:`~logging.LogRecord` creation is done " +"through a factory, which you can specify. The factory is just a callable you" +" can set with :func:`~logging.setLogRecordFactory`, and interrogate with " +":func:`~logging.getLogRecordFactory`. The factory is invoked with the same " +"signature as the :class:`~logging.LogRecord` constructor, as " +":class:`LogRecord` is the default setting for the factory." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.2 以上版本中，:class:`~logging.LogRecord` " +"的创建是通过工厂对象完成的，工厂对象可以指定。工厂对象只是一个可调用对象，可以用 " +":func:`~logging.setLogRecordFactory` 进行设置，并用 " +":func:`~logging.getLogRecordFactory` 进行查询。工厂对象的调用参数与 " +":class:`~logging.LogRecord` 的构造函数相同，因为 :class:`LogRecord` 是工厂对象的默认设置。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1835 +msgid "" +"This approach allows a custom factory to control all aspects of LogRecord " +"creation. For example, you could return a subclass, or just add some " +"additional attributes to the record once created, using a pattern similar to" +" this::" +msgstr "" +"这种方式可以让自定义工厂对象完全控制 LogRecord 的创建过程。比如可以返回一个子类，或者在创建的日志对象中加入一些额外的属性，使用方式如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1839 +msgid "" +"old_factory = logging.getLogRecordFactory()\n" +"\n" +"def record_factory(*args, **kwargs):\n" +" record = old_factory(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" record.custom_attribute = 0xdecafbad\n" +" return record\n" +"\n" +"logging.setLogRecordFactory(record_factory)" +msgstr "" +"old_factory = logging.getLogRecordFactory()\n" +"\n" +"def record_factory(*args, **kwargs):\n" +" record = old_factory(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" record.custom_attribute = 0xdecafbad\n" +" return record\n" +"\n" +"logging.setLogRecordFactory(record_factory)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1848 +msgid "" +"This pattern allows different libraries to chain factories together, and as " +"long as they don't overwrite each other's attributes or unintentionally " +"overwrite the attributes provided as standard, there should be no surprises." +" However, it should be borne in mind that each link in the chain adds run-" +"time overhead to all logging operations, and the technique should only be " +"used when the use of a :class:`Filter` does not provide the desired result." +msgstr "" +"这种模式允许不同的库将多个工厂对象链在一起，只要不会覆盖彼此的属性或标准属性，就不会出现意外。但应记住，工厂链中的每个节点都会增加日志操作的运行开销，本技术仅在采用" +" :class:`Filter` 无法达到目标时才应使用。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1860 +msgid "Subclassing QueueHandler and QueueListener- a ZeroMQ example" +msgstr "子类化 QueueHandler 和 QueueListener - ZeroMQ 示例" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1863 ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1996 +msgid "Subclass ``QueueHandler``" +msgstr "子类 ``QueueHandler``" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1865 +msgid "" +"You can use a :class:`QueueHandler` subclass to send messages to other kinds" +" of queues, for example a ZeroMQ 'publish' socket. In the example below,the " +"socket is created separately and passed to the handler (as its 'queue')::" +msgstr "" +"你可以使用 :class:`QueueHandler` 子类将消息发送给其他类型的队列 ，比如 ZeroMQ 'publish' 套接字。 " +"在以下示例中，套接字将单独创建并传给处理器 (作为它的 'queue')::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1869 +msgid "" +"import zmq # using pyzmq, the Python binding for ZeroMQ\n" +"import json # for serializing records portably\n" +"\n" +"ctx = zmq.Context()\n" +"sock = zmq.Socket(ctx, zmq.PUB) # or zmq.PUSH, or other suitable value\n" +"sock.bind('tcp://*:5556') # or wherever\n" +"\n" +"class ZeroMQSocketHandler(QueueHandler):\n" +" def enqueue(self, record):\n" +" self.queue.send_json(record.__dict__)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"handler = ZeroMQSocketHandler(sock)" +msgstr "" +"import zmq # 使用 pyzmq，这是 ZeroMQ 的 Python 绑定\n" +"import json # 用于可移植地对记录进行序列化\n" +"\n" +"ctx = zmq.Context()\n" +"sock = zmq.Socket(ctx, zmq.PUB) # 或 zmq.PUSH，或其他适当的值\n" +"sock.bind('tcp://*:5556') # 或任何值\n" +"\n" +"class ZeroMQSocketHandler(QueueHandler):\n" +" def enqueue(self, record):\n" +" self.queue.send_json(record.__dict__)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"handler = ZeroMQSocketHandler(sock)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1884 +msgid "" +"Of course there are other ways of organizing this, for example passing in " +"the data needed by the handler to create the socket::" +msgstr "当然还有其他方案，比如通过 hander 传入所需数据，以创建 socket：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1887 +msgid "" +"class ZeroMQSocketHandler(QueueHandler):\n" +" def __init__(self, uri, socktype=zmq.PUB, ctx=None):\n" +" self.ctx = ctx or zmq.Context()\n" +" socket = zmq.Socket(self.ctx, socktype)\n" +" socket.bind(uri)\n" +" super().__init__(socket)\n" +"\n" +" def enqueue(self, record):\n" +" self.queue.send_json(record.__dict__)\n" +"\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" self.queue.close()" +msgstr "" +"class ZeroMQSocketHandler(QueueHandler):\n" +" def __init__(self, uri, socktype=zmq.PUB, ctx=None):\n" +" self.ctx = ctx or zmq.Context()\n" +" socket = zmq.Socket(self.ctx, socktype)\n" +" socket.bind(uri)\n" +" super().__init__(socket)\n" +"\n" +" def enqueue(self, record):\n" +" self.queue.send_json(record.__dict__)\n" +"\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" self.queue.close()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1902 ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1932 +msgid "Subclass ``QueueListener``" +msgstr "子类 ``QueueListener``" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1904 +msgid "" +"You can also subclass :class:`QueueListener` to get messages from other " +"kinds of queues, for example a ZeroMQ 'subscribe' socket. Here's an " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"你还可以子类化 :class:`QueueListener` 来从其他类型的队列中获取消息，比如从 ZeroMQ 'subscribe' 套接字。 " +"下面是一个例子::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1907 +msgid "" +"class ZeroMQSocketListener(QueueListener):\n" +" def __init__(self, uri, /, *handlers, **kwargs):\n" +" self.ctx = kwargs.get('ctx') or zmq.Context()\n" +" socket = zmq.Socket(self.ctx, zmq.SUB)\n" +" socket.setsockopt_string(zmq.SUBSCRIBE, '') # subscribe to everything\n" +" socket.connect(uri)\n" +" super().__init__(socket, *handlers, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def dequeue(self):\n" +" msg = self.queue.recv_json()\n" +" return logging.makeLogRecord(msg)" +msgstr "" +"class ZeroMQSocketListener(QueueListener):\n" +" def __init__(self, uri, /, *handlers, **kwargs):\n" +" self.ctx = kwargs.get('ctx') or zmq.Context()\n" +" socket = zmq.Socket(self.ctx, zmq.SUB)\n" +" socket.setsockopt_string(zmq.SUBSCRIBE, '') # 全部预订\n" +" socket.connect(uri)\n" +" super().__init__(socket, *handlers, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def dequeue(self):\n" +" msg = self.queue.recv_json()\n" +" return logging.makeLogRecord(msg)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1922 +msgid "Subclassing QueueHandler and QueueListener- a ``pynng`` example" +msgstr "子类化 QueueHandler 和 QueueListener - ``pynng`` 示例" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1924 +msgid "" +"In a similar way to the above section, we can implement a listener and " +"handler using :pypi:`pynng`, which is a Python binding to `NNG " +"`_, billed as a spiritual successor to ZeroMQ. The" +" following snippets illustrate -- you can test them in an environment which " +"has ``pynng`` installed. Just for variety, we present the listener first." +msgstr "" +"通过与上一节类似的方式，我们可以使用 :pypi:`pynng` 来实现监听器和处理器，这个包是针对 `NNG " +"`_ 的 Python 绑定，它被确定为 ZeroMQ 的精神后继者。 以下代码片段被用作演示 --" +" 你可以在安装了 ``pynng`` 的环境中测试它们。 为增加变化，我们先编写监听器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:1934 +msgid "" +"# listener.py\n" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"\n" +"import pynng\n" +"\n" +"DEFAULT_ADDR = \"tcp://localhost:13232\"\n" +"\n" +"interrupted = False\n" +"\n" +"class NNGSocketListener(logging.handlers.QueueListener):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, uri, /, *handlers, **kwargs):\n" +" # Have a timeout for interruptability, and open a\n" +" # subscriber socket\n" +" socket = pynng.Sub0(listen=uri, recv_timeout=500)\n" +" # The b'' subscription matches all topics\n" +" topics = kwargs.pop('topics', None) or b''\n" +" socket.subscribe(topics)\n" +" # We treat the socket as a queue\n" +" super().__init__(socket, *handlers, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def dequeue(self, block):\n" +" data = None\n" +" # Keep looping while not interrupted and no data received over the\n" +" # socket\n" +" while not interrupted:\n" +" try:\n" +" data = self.queue.recv(block=block)\n" +" break\n" +" except pynng.Timeout:\n" +" pass\n" +" except pynng.Closed: # sometimes happens when you hit Ctrl-C\n" +" break\n" +" if data is None:\n" +" return None\n" +" # Get the logging event sent from a publisher\n" +" event = json.loads(data.decode('utf-8'))\n" +" return logging.makeLogRecord(event)\n" +"\n" +" def enqueue_sentinel(self):\n" +" # Not used in this implementation, as the socket isn't really a\n" +" # queue\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"logging.getLogger('pynng').propagate = False\n" +"listener = NNGSocketListener(DEFAULT_ADDR, logging.StreamHandler(), topics=b'')\n" +"listener.start()\n" +"print('Press Ctrl-C to stop.')\n" +"try:\n" +" while True:\n" +" pass\n" +"except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" interrupted = True\n" +"finally:\n" +" listener.stop()" +msgstr "" +"# listener.py\n" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"\n" +"import pynng\n" +"\n" +"DEFAULT_ADDR = \"tcp://localhost:13232\"\n" +"\n" +"interrupted = False\n" +"\n" +"class NNGSocketListener(logging.handlers.QueueListener):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, uri, /, *handlers, **kwargs):\n" +" # 设置超时以允许中断，并打开一个\n" +" # 订阅方套接字\n" +" socket = pynng.Sub0(listen=uri, recv_timeout=500)\n" +" # b'' 订阅将匹配所有主题\n" +" topics = kwargs.pop('topics', None) or b''\n" +" socket.subscribe(topics)\n" +" # 我们将套接字视为一个队列\n" +" super().__init__(socket, *handlers, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def dequeue(self, block):\n" +" data = None\n" +" # 在未被打断且未从套接字接收数据时\n" +" # 保持循环\n" +" while not interrupted:\n" +" try:\n" +" data = self.queue.recv(block=block)\n" +" break\n" +" except pynng.Timeout:\n" +" pass\n" +" except pynng.Closed: # 会在你按下 Ctrl-C 时发生\n" +" break\n" +" if data is None:\n" +" return None\n" +" # 获取从发布方发送的日志记录事件\n" +" event = json.loads(data.decode('utf-8'))\n" +" return logging.makeLogRecord(event)\n" +"\n" +" def enqueue_sentinel(self):\n" +" # 在本实现中未被使用，因为套接字并不是\n" +" # 真正的队列\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"logging.getLogger('pynng').propagate = False\n" +"listener = NNGSocketListener(DEFAULT_ADDR, logging.StreamHandler(), topics=b'')\n" +"listener.start()\n" +"print('Press Ctrl-C to stop.')\n" +"try:\n" +" while True:\n" +" pass\n" +"except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" interrupted = True\n" +"finally:\n" +" listener.stop()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2000 +msgid "" +"# sender.py\n" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import time\n" +"import random\n" +"\n" +"import pynng\n" +"\n" +"DEFAULT_ADDR = \"tcp://localhost:13232\"\n" +"\n" +"class NNGSocketHandler(logging.handlers.QueueHandler):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, uri):\n" +" socket = pynng.Pub0(dial=uri, send_timeout=500)\n" +" super().__init__(socket)\n" +"\n" +" def enqueue(self, record):\n" +" # Send the record as UTF-8 encoded JSON\n" +" d = dict(record.__dict__)\n" +" data = json.dumps(d)\n" +" self.queue.send(data.encode('utf-8'))\n" +"\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" self.queue.close()\n" +"\n" +"logging.getLogger('pynng').propagate = False\n" +"handler = NNGSocketHandler(DEFAULT_ADDR)\n" +"# Make sure the process ID is in the output\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,\n" +" handlers=[logging.StreamHandler(), handler],\n" +" format='%(levelname)-8s %(name)10s %(process)6s %(message)s')\n" +"levels = (logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL)\n" +"logger_names = ('myapp', 'myapp.lib1', 'myapp.lib2')\n" +"msgno = 1\n" +"while True:\n" +" # Just randomly select some loggers and levels and log away\n" +" level = random.choice(levels)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(random.choice(logger_names))\n" +" logger.log(level, 'Message no. %5d' % msgno)\n" +" msgno += 1\n" +" delay = random.random() * 2 + 0.5\n" +" time.sleep(delay)" +msgstr "" +"# sender.py\n" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import time\n" +"import random\n" +"\n" +"import pynng\n" +"\n" +"DEFAULT_ADDR = \"tcp://localhost:13232\"\n" +"\n" +"class NNGSocketHandler(logging.handlers.QueueHandler):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, uri):\n" +" socket = pynng.Pub0(dial=uri, send_timeout=500)\n" +" super().__init__(socket)\n" +"\n" +" def enqueue(self, record):\n" +" # Send the record as UTF-8 encoded JSON\n" +" d = dict(record.__dict__)\n" +" data = json.dumps(d)\n" +" self.queue.send(data.encode('utf-8'))\n" +"\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" self.queue.close()\n" +"\n" +"logging.getLogger('pynng').propagate = False\n" +"handler = NNGSocketHandler(DEFAULT_ADDR)\n" +"# 确保进程 ID 在输出内容中\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,\n" +" handlers=[logging.StreamHandler(), handler],\n" +" format='%(levelname)-8s %(name)10s %(process)6s %(message)s')\n" +"levels = (logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL)\n" +"logger_names = ('myapp', 'myapp.lib1', 'myapp.lib2')\n" +"msgno = 1\n" +"while True:\n" +" # 随机地选择日志记录器和层级并记录日志\n" +" level = random.choice(levels)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(random.choice(logger_names))\n" +" logger.log(level, 'Message no. %5d' % msgno)\n" +" msgno += 1\n" +" delay = random.random() * 2 + 0.5\n" +" time.sleep(delay)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2047 +msgid "" +"You can run the above two snippets in separate command shells. If we run the" +" listener in one shell and run the sender in two separate shells, we should " +"see something like the following. In the first sender shell:" +msgstr "" +"你可以在不同的命令行 shell 中运行上面两个代码片段。 如果我们在一个 shell 中运行监听器并在两个不同的 shell " +"中运行发送器，我们将看到如下的结果。 在第一个发送器 shell 中：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2051 +msgid "" +"$ python sender.py\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 1\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 2\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 3\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 4\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 5\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 6\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 7\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 8\n" +"(and so on)" +msgstr "" +"$ python sender.py\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 1\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 2\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 3\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 4\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 5\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 6\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 7\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 8\n" +"(下略)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2064 +msgid "In the second sender shell:" +msgstr "在第二个发送器 shell 中：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2066 +msgid "" +"$ python sender.py\n" +"INFO myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 1\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 2\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 3\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 4\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 5\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 6\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 7\n" +"DEBUG myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 8\n" +"(and so on)" +msgstr "" +"$ python sender.py\n" +"INFO myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 1\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 2\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 3\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 4\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 5\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 6\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 7\n" +"DEBUG myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 8\n" +"(下略)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2079 +msgid "In the listener shell:" +msgstr "在监听器 shell 中：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2081 +msgid "" +"$ python listener.py\n" +"Press Ctrl-C to stop.\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 1\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 2\n" +"INFO myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 1\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 3\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 2\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 3\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 4\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 5\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 4\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 5\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 6\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 6\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 7\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 7\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 8\n" +"DEBUG myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 8\n" +"(and so on)" +msgstr "" +"$ python listener.py\n" +"Press Ctrl-C to stop.\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 1\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 2\n" +"INFO myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 1\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 3\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 2\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 3\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 613 Message no. 4\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 5\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 4\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 5\n" +"DEBUG myapp 613 Message no. 6\n" +"WARNING myapp.lib2 657 Message no. 6\n" +"CRITICAL myapp 657 Message no. 7\n" +"CRITICAL myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 7\n" +"INFO myapp.lib1 613 Message no. 8\n" +"DEBUG myapp.lib1 657 Message no. 8\n" +"(下略)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2103 +msgid "" +"As you can see, the logging from the two sender processes is interleaved in " +"the listener's output." +msgstr "如你所见，来自两个发送器进程的日志记录会在监听器的输出中交错出现。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2108 +msgid "An example dictionary-based configuration" +msgstr "基于字典进行日志配置的示例" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2110 +msgid "" +"Below is an example of a logging configuration dictionary - it's taken from " +"the `documentation on the Django project " +"`_. This dictionary is passed to :func:`~config.dictConfig` to put " +"the configuration into effect::" +msgstr "" +"以下是日志配置字典的一个示例——它取自 Django " +"项目的`文档`_。此字典将被传给 :func:`~config.dictConfig` 以使配置生效:: " + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2114 +msgid "" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'verbose': {\n" +" 'format': '{levelname} {asctime} {module} {process:d} {thread:d} {message}',\n" +" 'style': '{',\n" +" },\n" +" 'simple': {\n" +" 'format': '{levelname} {message}',\n" +" 'style': '{',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'filters': {\n" +" 'special': {\n" +" '()': 'project.logging.SpecialFilter',\n" +" 'foo': 'bar',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'level': 'INFO',\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'simple',\n" +" },\n" +" 'mail_admins': {\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR',\n" +" 'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler',\n" +" 'filters': ['special']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'loggers': {\n" +" 'django': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console'],\n" +" 'propagate': True,\n" +" },\n" +" 'django.request': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['mail_admins'],\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR',\n" +" 'propagate': False,\n" +" },\n" +" 'myproject.custom': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console', 'mail_admins'],\n" +" 'level': 'INFO',\n" +" 'filters': ['special']\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'verbose': {\n" +" 'format': '{levelname} {asctime} {module} {process:d} {thread:d} {message}',\n" +" 'style': '{',\n" +" },\n" +" 'simple': {\n" +" 'format': '{levelname} {message}',\n" +" 'style': '{',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'filters': {\n" +" 'special': {\n" +" '()': 'project.logging.SpecialFilter',\n" +" 'foo': 'bar',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'level': 'INFO',\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'simple',\n" +" },\n" +" 'mail_admins': {\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR',\n" +" 'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler',\n" +" 'filters': ['special']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'loggers': {\n" +" 'django': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console'],\n" +" 'propagate': True,\n" +" },\n" +" 'django.request': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['mail_admins'],\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR',\n" +" 'propagate': False,\n" +" },\n" +" 'myproject.custom': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console', 'mail_admins'],\n" +" 'level': 'INFO',\n" +" 'filters': ['special']\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2163 +msgid "" +"For more information about this configuration, you can see the `relevant " +"section " +"`_ of the Django documentation." +msgstr "" +"有关本配置的更多信息，请参阅 Django 文档的 `有关章节 " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2170 +msgid "Using a rotator and namer to customize log rotation processing" +msgstr "利用 rotator 和 namer 自定义日志轮换操作" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2172 +msgid "" +"An example of how you can define a namer and rotator is given in the " +"following runnable script, which shows gzip compression of the log file::" +msgstr "下面的可运行代码给出了你可以怎样定义命名器和轮换器的例子，其中演示了日志文件的 gzip 压缩过程::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2175 +msgid "" +"import gzip\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import os\n" +"import shutil\n" +"\n" +"def namer(name):\n" +" return name + \".gz\"\n" +"\n" +"def rotator(source, dest):\n" +" with open(source, 'rb') as f_in:\n" +" with gzip.open(dest, 'wb') as f_out:\n" +" shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)\n" +" os.remove(source)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler('rotated.log', maxBytes=128, backupCount=5)\n" +"rh.rotator = rotator\n" +"rh.namer = namer\n" +"\n" +"root = logging.getLogger()\n" +"root.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +"root.addHandler(rh)\n" +"f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s')\n" +"rh.setFormatter(f)\n" +"for i in range(1000):\n" +" root.info(f'Message no. {i + 1}')" +msgstr "" +"import gzip\n" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import os\n" +"import shutil\n" +"\n" +"def namer(name):\n" +" return name + \".gz\"\n" +"\n" +"def rotator(source, dest):\n" +" with open(source, 'rb') as f_in:\n" +" with gzip.open(dest, 'wb') as f_out:\n" +" shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)\n" +" os.remove(source)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"rh = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler('rotated.log', maxBytes=128, backupCount=5)\n" +"rh.rotator = rotator\n" +"rh.namer = namer\n" +"\n" +"root = logging.getLogger()\n" +"root.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +"root.addHandler(rh)\n" +"f = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s')\n" +"rh.setFormatter(f)\n" +"for i in range(1000):\n" +" root.info(f'Message no. {i + 1}')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2203 +msgid "" +"After running this, you will see six new files, five of which are " +"compressed:" +msgstr "运行此脚本后，你将看到六个新文件，其中五个是已压缩的:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2205 +msgid "" +"$ ls rotated.log*\n" +"rotated.log rotated.log.2.gz rotated.log.4.gz\n" +"rotated.log.1.gz rotated.log.3.gz rotated.log.5.gz\n" +"$ zcat rotated.log.1.gz\n" +"2023-01-20 02:28:17,767 Message no. 996\n" +"2023-01-20 02:28:17,767 Message no. 997\n" +"2023-01-20 02:28:17,767 Message no. 998" +msgstr "" +"$ ls rotated.log*\n" +"rotated.log rotated.log.2.gz rotated.log.4.gz\n" +"rotated.log.1.gz rotated.log.3.gz rotated.log.5.gz\n" +"$ zcat rotated.log.1.gz\n" +"2023-01-20 02:28:17,767 Message no. 996\n" +"2023-01-20 02:28:17,767 Message no. 997\n" +"2023-01-20 02:28:17,767 Message no. 998" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2216 +msgid "A more elaborate multiprocessing example" +msgstr "更加详细的多道处理示例" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2218 +msgid "" +"The following working example shows how logging can be used with " +"multiprocessing using configuration files. The configurations are fairly " +"simple, but serve to illustrate how more complex ones could be implemented " +"in a real multiprocessing scenario." +msgstr "以下可运行的示例显示了如何利用配置文件在多进程中应用日志。这些配置相当简单，但足以说明如何在真实的多进程场景中实现较为复杂的配置。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2223 +msgid "" +"In the example, the main process spawns a listener process and some worker " +"processes. Each of the main process, the listener and the workers have three" +" separate configurations (the workers all share the same configuration). We " +"can see logging in the main process, how the workers log to a QueueHandler " +"and how the listener implements a QueueListener and a more complex logging " +"configuration, and arranges to dispatch events received via the queue to the" +" handlers specified in the configuration. Note that these configurations are" +" purely illustrative, but you should be able to adapt this example to your " +"own scenario." +msgstr "" +"上述示例中，主进程产生一个侦听器进程和一些工作进程。每个主进程、侦听器进程和工作进程都有三种独立的日志配置（工作进程共享同一套配置）。大家可以看到主进程的日志记录过程、工作线程向" +" QueueHandler 写入日志的过程，以及侦听器实现 QueueListener 和较为复杂的日志配置，如何将由队列接收到的事件分发给配置指定的 " +"handler。请注意，这些配置纯粹用于演示，但应该能调整代码以适用于自己的场景。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2233 +msgid "" +"Here's the script - the docstrings and the comments hopefully explain how it" +" works::" +msgstr "以下是代码——但愿文档字符串和注释能有助于理解其工作原理：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue, Event, current_process\n" +"import os\n" +"import random\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class MyHandler:\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A simple handler for logging events. It runs in the listener process and\n" +" dispatches events to loggers based on the name in the received record,\n" +" which then get dispatched, by the logging system, to the handlers\n" +" configured for those loggers.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self, record):\n" +" if record.name == \"root\":\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger()\n" +" else:\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(record.name)\n" +"\n" +" if logger.isEnabledFor(record.levelno):\n" +" # The process name is transformed just to show that it's the listener\n" +" # doing the logging to files and console\n" +" record.processName = '%s (for %s)' % (current_process().name, record.processName)\n" +" logger.handle(record)\n" +"\n" +"def listener_process(q, stop_event, config):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This could be done in the main process, but is just done in a separate\n" +" process for illustrative purposes.\n" +"\n" +" This initialises logging according to the specified configuration,\n" +" starts the listener and waits for the main process to signal completion\n" +" via the event. The listener is then stopped, and the process exits.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(config)\n" +" listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(q, MyHandler())\n" +" listener.start()\n" +" if os.name == 'posix':\n" +" # On POSIX, the setup logger will have been configured in the\n" +" # parent process, but should have been disabled following the\n" +" # dictConfig call.\n" +" # On Windows, since fork isn't used, the setup logger won't\n" +" # exist in the child, so it would be created and the message\n" +" # would appear - hence the \"if posix\" clause.\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('setup')\n" +" logger.critical('Should not appear, because of disabled logger ...')\n" +" stop_event.wait()\n" +" listener.stop()\n" +"\n" +"def worker_process(config):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A number of these are spawned for the purpose of illustration. In\n" +" practice, they could be a heterogeneous bunch of processes rather than\n" +" ones which are identical to each other.\n" +"\n" +" This initialises logging according to the specified configuration,\n" +" and logs a hundred messages with random levels to randomly selected\n" +" loggers.\n" +"\n" +" A small sleep is added to allow other processes a chance to run. This\n" +" is not strictly needed, but it mixes the output from the different\n" +" processes a bit more than if it's left out.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(config)\n" +" levels = [logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL]\n" +" loggers = ['foo', 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz',\n" +" 'spam', 'spam.ham', 'spam.ham.eggs']\n" +" if os.name == 'posix':\n" +" # On POSIX, the setup logger will have been configured in the\n" +" # parent process, but should have been disabled following the\n" +" # dictConfig call.\n" +" # On Windows, since fork isn't used, the setup logger won't\n" +" # exist in the child, so it would be created and the message\n" +" # would appear - hence the \"if posix\" clause.\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('setup')\n" +" logger.critical('Should not appear, because of disabled logger ...')\n" +" for i in range(100):\n" +" lvl = random.choice(levels)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(random.choice(loggers))\n" +" logger.log(lvl, 'Message no. %d', i)\n" +" time.sleep(0.01)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" q = Queue()\n" +" # The main process gets a simple configuration which prints to the console.\n" +" config_initial = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'level': 'INFO'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG'\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" # The worker process configuration is just a QueueHandler attached to the\n" +" # root logger, which allows all messages to be sent to the queue.\n" +" # We disable existing loggers to disable the \"setup\" logger used in the\n" +" # parent process. This is needed on POSIX because the logger will\n" +" # be there in the child following a fork().\n" +" config_worker = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': True,\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'queue': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.handlers.QueueHandler',\n" +" 'queue': q\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['queue'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG'\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" # The listener process configuration shows that the full flexibility of\n" +" # logging configuration is available to dispatch events to handlers however\n" +" # you want.\n" +" # We disable existing loggers to disable the \"setup\" logger used in the\n" +" # parent process. This is needed on POSIX because the logger will\n" +" # be there in the child following a fork().\n" +" config_listener = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': True,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'detailed': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.Formatter',\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(processName)-10s %(message)s'\n" +" },\n" +" 'simple': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.Formatter',\n" +" 'format': '%(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(processName)-10s %(message)s'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'simple',\n" +" 'level': 'INFO'\n" +" },\n" +" 'file': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed'\n" +" },\n" +" 'foofile': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-foo.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed'\n" +" },\n" +" 'errors': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-errors.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'loggers': {\n" +" 'foo': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['foofile']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console', 'file', 'errors'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG'\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" # Log some initial events, just to show that logging in the parent works\n" +" # normally.\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(config_initial)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('setup')\n" +" logger.info('About to create workers ...')\n" +" workers = []\n" +" for i in range(5):\n" +" wp = Process(target=worker_process, name='worker %d' % (i + 1),\n" +" args=(config_worker,))\n" +" workers.append(wp)\n" +" wp.start()\n" +" logger.info('Started worker: %s', wp.name)\n" +" logger.info('About to create listener ...')\n" +" stop_event = Event()\n" +" lp = Process(target=listener_process, name='listener',\n" +" args=(q, stop_event, config_listener))\n" +" lp.start()\n" +" logger.info('Started listener')\n" +" # We now hang around for the workers to finish their work.\n" +" for wp in workers:\n" +" wp.join()\n" +" # Workers all done, listening can now stop.\n" +" # Logging in the parent still works normally.\n" +" logger.info('Telling listener to stop ...')\n" +" stop_event.set()\n" +" lp.join()\n" +" logger.info('All done.')\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue, Event, current_process\n" +"import os\n" +"import random\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class MyHandler:\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A simple handler for logging events. It runs in the listener process and\n" +" dispatches events to loggers based on the name in the received record,\n" +" which then get dispatched, by the logging system, to the handlers\n" +" configured for those loggers.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self, record):\n" +" if record.name == \"root\":\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger()\n" +" else:\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(record.name)\n" +"\n" +" if logger.isEnabledFor(record.levelno):\n" +" # 进程名称经过变换以演示是由监听器来执行\n" +" # 记录日志到文件和控制台\n" +" record.processName = '%s (for %s)' % (current_process().name, record.processName)\n" +" logger.handle(record)\n" +"\n" +"def listener_process(q, stop_event, config):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This could be done in the main process, but is just done in a separate\n" +" process for illustrative purposes.\n" +"\n" +" This initialises logging according to the specified configuration,\n" +" starts the listener and waits for the main process to signal completion\n" +" via the event. The listener is then stopped, and the process exits.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(config)\n" +" listener = logging.handlers.QueueListener(q, MyHandler())\n" +" listener.start()\n" +" if os.name == 'posix':\n" +" # 在 POSIX 系统上，setup 日志记录器将会在\n" +" # 父进程中完成配置，但应当在 dictConfig 调用\n" +" # 之后即已被禁用。\n" +" # 在 Windows 上，由于不会使用 fork，setup 日志记录器\n" +" # 将不会在子进程中退出，因此它将被创建并且显示消息\n" +" # —— 对应 \"if posix\" 子句。\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('setup')\n" +" logger.critical('Should not appear, because of disabled logger ...')\n" +" stop_event.wait()\n" +" listener.stop()\n" +"\n" +"def worker_process(config):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" A number of these are spawned for the purpose of illustration. In\n" +" practice, they could be a heterogeneous bunch of processes rather than\n" +" ones which are identical to each other.\n" +"\n" +" This initialises logging according to the specified configuration,\n" +" and logs a hundred messages with random levels to randomly selected\n" +" loggers.\n" +"\n" +" A small sleep is added to allow other processes a chance to run. This\n" +" is not strictly needed, but it mixes the output from the different\n" +" processes a bit more than if it's left out.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(config)\n" +" levels = [logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL]\n" +" loggers = ['foo', 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz',\n" +" 'spam', 'spam.ham', 'spam.ham.eggs']\n" +" if os.name == 'posix':\n" +" # 在 POSIX 系统上，setup 日志记录器将会在\n" +" # 父进程中完成配置，但应当在 dictConfig 调用\n" +" # 之后已被禁用。\n" +" # 在 Windows 上，由于不会使用 fork，setup 日志记录器\n" +" # 将不会在子进程中退出，因此它将被创建并且显示消息\n" +" # —— 对应 \"if posix\" 子句。\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('setup')\n" +" logger.critical('Should not appear, because of disabled logger ...')\n" +" for i in range(100):\n" +" lvl = random.choice(levels)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger(random.choice(loggers))\n" +" logger.log(lvl, 'Message no. %d', i)\n" +" time.sleep(0.01)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" q = Queue()\n" +" # 主进程将获得一个打印到控制台的简单配置。\n" +" config_initial = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'level': 'INFO'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG'\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" # 工作进程配置就是一个附加到根日志记录器的 QueueHandler，\n" +" # 它允许所有消息被发送至队列 。\n" +" # 我们禁用现有的日志记录器以禁用在父进程中使用的 \"setup\"\n" +" # 日志记录器。 这在 POSIX 中是必需的因为日志记录器将会在\n" +" # fork() 之后出现在子进程中。\n" +" config_worker = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': True,\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'queue': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.handlers.QueueHandler',\n" +" 'queue': q\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['queue'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG'\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" # 监听器进程配置显示可以使用日志记录配置的\n" +" # 完整适应性以便以你希望的方式将事件分发给\n" +" # 处理器。\n" +" # 我们禁用现有的日志记录器以禁用在父进程中使用的\n" +" # \"setup\" 日志记录器。 这在 POSIX 中是必需的因为\n" +" # 日志记录器将会在 fork() 之后出现在子进程中。\n" +" config_listener = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': True,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'detailed': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.Formatter',\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(processName)-10s %(message)s'\n" +" },\n" +" 'simple': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.Formatter',\n" +" 'format': '%(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(processName)-10s %(message)s'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'simple',\n" +" 'level': 'INFO'\n" +" },\n" +" 'file': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed'\n" +" },\n" +" 'foofile': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-foo.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed'\n" +" },\n" +" 'errors': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.FileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': 'mplog-errors.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'formatter': 'detailed',\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR'\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'loggers': {\n" +" 'foo': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['foofile']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console', 'file', 'errors'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG'\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" # 记录一些初始事件，以便显示父进程中的日志记录\n" +" # 工作正常。\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(config_initial)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('setup')\n" +" logger.info('About to create workers ...')\n" +" workers = []\n" +" for i in range(5):\n" +" wp = Process(target=worker_process, name='worker %d' % (i + 1),\n" +" args=(config_worker,))\n" +" workers.append(wp)\n" +" wp.start()\n" +" logger.info('Started worker: %s', wp.name)\n" +" logger.info('About to create listener ...')\n" +" stop_event = Event()\n" +" lp = Process(target=listener_process, name='listener',\n" +" args=(q, stop_event, config_listener))\n" +" lp.start()\n" +" logger.info('Started listener')\n" +" # 我们现在要等待工作进程完成其工作。\n" +" for wp in workers:\n" +" wp.join()\n" +" # 工作进程全部结束，现在可以停止监听。\n" +" # 父进程中的日志记录仍然正常进行。\n" +" logger.info('Telling listener to stop ...')\n" +" stop_event.set()\n" +" lp.join()\n" +" logger.info('All done.')\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2445 +msgid "Inserting a BOM into messages sent to a SysLogHandler" +msgstr "在发送给 SysLogHandler 的信息中插入一个 BOM。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2447 +msgid "" +":rfc:`5424` requires that a Unicode message be sent to a syslog daemon as a " +"set of bytes which have the following structure: an optional pure-ASCII " +"component, followed by a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM), followed by Unicode " +"encoded using UTF-8. (See the :rfc:`relevant section of the specification " +"<5424#section-6>`.)" +msgstr "" +":rfc:`5424` 要求，Unicode 信息应采用字节流形式发送到系统 syslog 守护程序，字节流结构如下所示：可选的纯 ASCII部分，后跟" +" UTF-8 字节序标记（BOM），然后是采用 UTF-8 编码的 Unicode。（参见 :rfc:`相关规范<5424#section-6>` 。）" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2453 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.1, code was added to :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` to" +" insert a BOM into the message, but unfortunately, it was implemented " +"incorrectly, with the BOM appearing at the beginning of the message and " +"hence not allowing any pure-ASCII component to appear before it." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.1 的 :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` 中，已加入了在日志信息中插入 BOM " +"的代码，但不幸的是，代码并不正确，BOM 出现在了日志信息的开头，因此在它之前就不允许出现纯 ASCII 内容了。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2459 +msgid "" +"As this behaviour is broken, the incorrect BOM insertion code is being " +"removed from Python 3.2.4 and later. However, it is not being replaced, and " +"if you want to produce :rfc:`5424`-compliant messages which include a BOM, " +"an optional pure-ASCII sequence before it and arbitrary Unicode after it, " +"encoded using UTF-8, then you need to do the following:" +msgstr "" +"由于无法正常工作， Python 3.2.4 以上版本已删除了出错的插入 BOM 代码。但已有版本的代码不会被替换，若要生成与 :rfc:`5424` " +"兼容的日志信息，包括一个 BOM 符，前面有可选的纯 ASCII 字节流，后面为 UTF-8 编码的任意 Unicode，那么 需要执行以下操作：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2465 +msgid "" +"Attach a :class:`~logging.Formatter` instance to your " +":class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` instance, with a format string such" +" as::" +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` 实例串上一个 " +":class:`~logging.Formatter` 实例，格式串可如下：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2469 +msgid "'ASCII section\\ufeffUnicode section'" +msgstr "'ASCII section\\ufeffUnicode section'" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2471 +msgid "" +"The Unicode code point U+FEFF, when encoded using UTF-8, will be encoded as " +"a UTF-8 BOM -- the byte-string ``b'\\xef\\xbb\\xbf'``." +msgstr "用 UTF-8 编码时，Unicode 码位 U+FEFF 将会编码为 UTF-8 BOM——字节串 ``b'\\xef\\xbb\\xbf'`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2474 +msgid "" +"Replace the ASCII section with whatever placeholders you like, but make sure" +" that the data that appears in there after substitution is always ASCII " +"(that way, it will remain unchanged after UTF-8 encoding)." +msgstr "用任意占位符替换 ASCII 部分，但要保证替换之后的数据一定是 ASCII 码（这样在 UTF-8 编码后就会维持不变）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2478 +msgid "" +"Replace the Unicode section with whatever placeholders you like; if the data" +" which appears there after substitution contains characters outside the " +"ASCII range, that's fine -- it will be encoded using UTF-8." +msgstr "用任意占位符替换 Unicode 部分；如果替换后的数据包含超出 ASCII 范围的字符，没问题——他们将用 UTF-8 进行编码。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2482 +msgid "" +"The formatted message *will* be encoded using UTF-8 encoding by " +"``SysLogHandler``. If you follow the above rules, you should be able to " +"produce :rfc:`5424`-compliant messages. If you don't, logging may not " +"complain, but your messages will not be RFC 5424-compliant, and your syslog " +"daemon may complain." +msgstr "" +"``SysLogHandler`` *将* 对格式化后的日志信息进行 UTF-8 编码。如果遵循上述规则，应能生成符合 :rfc:`5424` " +"的日志信息。否则，日志记录过程可能不会有什么反馈，但日志信息将不与 RFC 5424 兼容，syslog 守护程序可能会有出错反应。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2489 +msgid "Implementing structured logging" +msgstr "结构化日志的实现代码" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2491 +msgid "" +"Although most logging messages are intended for reading by humans, and thus " +"not readily machine-parseable, there might be circumstances where you want " +"to output messages in a structured format which *is* capable of being parsed" +" by a program (without needing complex regular expressions to parse the log " +"message). This is straightforward to achieve using the logging package. " +"There are a number of ways in which this could be achieved, but the " +"following is a simple approach which uses JSON to serialise the event in a " +"machine-parseable manner::" +msgstr "" +"大多数日志信息是供人阅读的，所以机器解析起来并不容易，但某些时候可能希望以结构化的格式输出，以 *能够* " +"被程序解析（无需用到复杂的正则表达式）。这可以直接用 logging 包实现。实现方式有很多，以下是一种比较简单的方案，利用 JSON " +"以机器可解析的方式对事件信息进行序列化：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2499 +msgid "" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class StructuredMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, message, /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" return '%s >>> %s' % (self.message, json.dumps(self.kwargs))\n" +"\n" +"_ = StructuredMessage # optional, to improve readability\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(message)s')\n" +"logging.info(_('message 1', foo='bar', bar='baz', num=123, fnum=123.456))" +msgstr "" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class StructuredMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, message, /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" return '%s >>> %s' % (self.message, json.dumps(self.kwargs))\n" +"\n" +"_ = StructuredMessage # 可选项，用于提升可读性\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(message)s')\n" +"logging.info(_('message 1', foo='bar', bar='baz', num=123, fnum=123.456))" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2515 +msgid "If the above script is run, it prints:" +msgstr "上述代码运行后的结果是：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2517 +msgid "message 1 >>> {\"fnum\": 123.456, \"num\": 123, \"bar\": \"baz\", \"foo\": \"bar\"}" +msgstr "message 1 >>> {\"fnum\": 123.456, \"num\": 123, \"bar\": \"baz\", \"foo\": \"bar\"}" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2521 ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2563 +msgid "" +"Note that the order of items might be different according to the version of " +"Python used." +msgstr "请注意，根据 Python 版本的不同，各项数据的输出顺序可能会不一样。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2524 +msgid "" +"If you need more specialised processing, you can use a custom JSON encoder, " +"as in the following complete example::" +msgstr "若需进行更为定制化的处理，可以使用自定义 JSON 编码对象，下面给出完整示例：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2527 +msgid "" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class Encoder(json.JSONEncoder):\n" +" def default(self, o):\n" +" if isinstance(o, set):\n" +" return tuple(o)\n" +" elif isinstance(o, str):\n" +" return o.encode('unicode_escape').decode('ascii')\n" +" return super().default(o)\n" +"\n" +"class StructuredMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, message, /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" s = Encoder().encode(self.kwargs)\n" +" return '%s >>> %s' % (self.message, s)\n" +"\n" +"_ = StructuredMessage # optional, to improve readability\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(message)s')\n" +" logging.info(_('message 1', set_value={1, 2, 3}, snowman='\\u2603'))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import json\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class Encoder(json.JSONEncoder):\n" +" def default(self, o):\n" +" if isinstance(o, set):\n" +" return tuple(o)\n" +" elif isinstance(o, str):\n" +" return o.encode('unicode_escape').decode('ascii')\n" +" return super().default(o)\n" +"\n" +"class StructuredMessage:\n" +" def __init__(self, message, /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.kwargs = kwargs\n" +"\n" +" def __str__(self):\n" +" s = Encoder().encode(self.kwargs)\n" +" return '%s >>> %s' % (self.message, s)\n" +"\n" +"_ = StructuredMessage # 可选项，用于提升可读性\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(message)s')\n" +" logging.info(_('message 1', set_value={1, 2, 3}, snowman='\\u2603'))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2557 +msgid "When the above script is run, it prints:" +msgstr "上述代码运行后的结果是：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2559 +msgid "message 1 >>> {\"snowman\": \"\\u2603\", \"set_value\": [1, 2, 3]}" +msgstr "message 1 >>> {\"snowman\": \"\\u2603\", \"set_value\": [1, 2, 3]}" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2572 +msgid "Customizing handlers with :func:`dictConfig`" +msgstr "利用 :func:`dictConfig` 自定义 handler" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2574 +msgid "" +"There are times when you want to customize logging handlers in particular " +"ways, and if you use :func:`dictConfig` you may be able to do this without " +"subclassing. As an example, consider that you may want to set the ownership " +"of a log file. On POSIX, this is easily done using :func:`shutil.chown`, but" +" the file handlers in the stdlib don't offer built-in support. You can " +"customize handler creation using a plain function such as::" +msgstr "" +"有时需要以特定方式自定义日志 handler，如果采用 :func:`dictConfig`，可能无需生成子类就可以做到。比如要设置日志文件的所有权。在" +" POSIX 上，可以利用 :func:`shutil.chown` 轻松完成，但 stdlib 中的文件 handler " +"并不提供内置支持。于是可以用普通函数自定义 handler 的创建，例如：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2581 +msgid "" +"def owned_file_handler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, owner=None):\n" +" if owner:\n" +" if not os.path.exists(filename):\n" +" open(filename, 'a').close()\n" +" shutil.chown(filename, *owner)\n" +" return logging.FileHandler(filename, mode, encoding)" +msgstr "" +"def owned_file_handler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, owner=None):\n" +" if owner:\n" +" if not os.path.exists(filename):\n" +" open(filename, 'a').close()\n" +" shutil.chown(filename, *owner)\n" +" return logging.FileHandler(filename, mode, encoding)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2588 +msgid "" +"You can then specify, in a logging configuration passed to " +":func:`dictConfig`, that a logging handler be created by calling this " +"function::" +msgstr "然后，你可以在传给 :func:`dictConfig` 的日志配置中指定通过调用此函数来创建日志处理程序::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2591 +msgid "" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'default': {\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s'\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'file':{\n" +" # The values below are popped from this dictionary and\n" +" # used to create the handler, set the handler's level and\n" +" # its formatter.\n" +" '()': owned_file_handler,\n" +" 'level':'DEBUG',\n" +" 'formatter': 'default',\n" +" # The values below are passed to the handler creator callable\n" +" # as keyword arguments.\n" +" 'owner': ['pulse', 'pulse'],\n" +" 'filename': 'chowntest.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'encoding': 'utf-8',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['file'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" },\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'default': {\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s'\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'file':{\n" +" # 下面的值将从该字典中弹出并被用来\n" +" # 创建处理器，设置处理器的层级及其\n" +" # 格式化器：\n" +" '()': owned_file_handler,\n" +" 'level':'DEBUG',\n" +" 'formatter': 'default',\n" +" # 下面的值将以关键字参数形式传给\n" +" # 处理器调用方的可调用对象。\n" +" 'owner': ['pulse', 'pulse'],\n" +" 'filename': 'chowntest.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'encoding': 'utf-8',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['file'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" },\n" +"}" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2621 +msgid "" +"In this example I am setting the ownership using the ``pulse`` user and " +"group, just for the purposes of illustration. Putting it together into a " +"working script, ``chowntest.py``::" +msgstr "出于演示目的，以下示例设置用户和用户组为 ``pulse``。代码置于一个可运行的脚本文件 ``chowntest.py`` 中：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2625 +msgid "" +"import logging, logging.config, os, shutil\n" +"\n" +"def owned_file_handler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, owner=None):\n" +" if owner:\n" +" if not os.path.exists(filename):\n" +" open(filename, 'a').close()\n" +" shutil.chown(filename, *owner)\n" +" return logging.FileHandler(filename, mode, encoding)\n" +"\n" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'default': {\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s'\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'file':{\n" +" # The values below are popped from this dictionary and\n" +" # used to create the handler, set the handler's level and\n" +" # its formatter.\n" +" '()': owned_file_handler,\n" +" 'level':'DEBUG',\n" +" 'formatter': 'default',\n" +" # The values below are passed to the handler creator callable\n" +" # as keyword arguments.\n" +" 'owner': ['pulse', 'pulse'],\n" +" 'filename': 'chowntest.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'encoding': 'utf-8',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['file'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING)\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('mylogger')\n" +"logger.debug('A debug message')" +msgstr "" +"import logging, logging.config, os, shutil\n" +"\n" +"def owned_file_handler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, owner=None):\n" +" if owner:\n" +" if not os.path.exists(filename):\n" +" open(filename, 'a').close()\n" +" shutil.chown(filename, *owner)\n" +" return logging.FileHandler(filename, mode, encoding)\n" +"\n" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'default': {\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s'\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'file':{\n" +" # 下面的值将从此字典中被弹出并被用来\n" +" # 创建处理器、设置处理器的层级\n" +" # 及其格式化器。\n" +" '()': owned_file_handler,\n" +" 'level':'DEBUG',\n" +" 'formatter': 'default',\n" +" # 下面的值将以关键字参数形式传给处理器的\n" +" # 创建方可调用对象。\n" +" 'owner': ['pulse', 'pulse'],\n" +" 'filename': 'chowntest.log',\n" +" 'mode': 'w',\n" +" 'encoding': 'utf-8',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['file'],\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING)\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('mylogger')\n" +"logger.debug('A debug message')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2668 +msgid "To run this, you will probably need to run as ``root``:" +msgstr "可能需要 ``root`` 权限才能运行：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2670 +msgid "" +"$ sudo python3.3 chowntest.py\n" +"$ cat chowntest.log\n" +"2013-11-05 09:34:51,128 DEBUG mylogger A debug message\n" +"$ ls -l chowntest.log\n" +"-rw-r--r-- 1 pulse pulse 55 2013-11-05 09:34 chowntest.log" +msgstr "" +"$ sudo python3.3 chowntest.py\n" +"$ cat chowntest.log\n" +"2013-11-05 09:34:51,128 DEBUG mylogger A debug message\n" +"$ ls -l chowntest.log\n" +"-rw-r--r-- 1 pulse pulse 55 2013-11-05 09:34 chowntest.log" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2678 +msgid "" +"Note that this example uses Python 3.3 because that's where " +":func:`shutil.chown` makes an appearance. This approach should work with any" +" Python version that supports :func:`dictConfig` - namely, Python 2.7, 3.2 " +"or later. With pre-3.3 versions, you would need to implement the actual " +"ownership change using e.g. :func:`os.chown`." +msgstr "" +"请注意此示例用的是 Python 3.3，因为 :func:`shutil.chown` 是从此版本开始出现的。 此方式应当适用于任何支持 " +":func:`dictConfig` 的 Python 版本 —— 例如 Python 2.7, 3.2 或更新的版本。 对于 3.3 " +"之前的版本，你应当使用 :func:`os.chown` 之类的函数来实现实际的所有权修改。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2684 +msgid "" +"In practice, the handler-creating function may be in a utility module " +"somewhere in your project. Instead of the line in the configuration::" +msgstr "实际应用中，handler 的创建函数可能位于项目的工具模块中。以下配置：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2687 +msgid "'()': owned_file_handler," +msgstr "'()': owned_file_handler," + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2689 +msgid "you could use e.g.::" +msgstr "应使用：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2691 +msgid "'()': 'ext://project.util.owned_file_handler'," +msgstr "'()': 'ext://project.util.owned_file_handler'," + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2693 +msgid "" +"where ``project.util`` can be replaced with the actual name of the package " +"where the function resides. In the above working script, using " +"``'ext://__main__.owned_file_handler'`` should work. Here, the actual " +"callable is resolved by :func:`dictConfig` from the ``ext://`` " +"specification." +msgstr "" +"这里的 ``project.util`` 可以换成函数所在包的实际名称。 在上述的可用脚本中，应该可以使用 " +"``'ext://__main__.owned_file_handler'``。 在这里，实际的可调用对象是由 :func:`dictConfig` 从" +" ``ext://`` 说明中解析出来的。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2698 +msgid "" +"This example hopefully also points the way to how you could implement other " +"types of file change - e.g. setting specific POSIX permission bits - in the " +"same way, using :func:`os.chmod`." +msgstr "上述示例还指明了其他的文件修改类型的实现方案 —— 比如同样利用 :func:`os.chmod` 设置 POSIX 访问权限位。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2702 +msgid "" +"Of course, the approach could also be extended to types of handler other " +"than a :class:`~logging.FileHandler` - for example, one of the rotating file" +" handlers, or a different type of handler altogether." +msgstr "" +"当然，以上做法也可以扩展到 :class:`~logging.FileHandler` 之外的其他类型的 handler ——比如某个轮换文件 " +"handler，或类型完全不同的其他 handler。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2712 +msgid "Using particular formatting styles throughout your application" +msgstr "生效于整个应用程序的格式化样式" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2714 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.2, the :class:`~logging.Formatter` gained a ``style`` keyword " +"parameter which, while defaulting to ``%`` for backward compatibility, " +"allowed the specification of ``{`` or ``$`` to support the formatting " +"approaches supported by :meth:`str.format` and :class:`string.Template`. " +"Note that this governs the formatting of logging messages for final output " +"to logs, and is completely orthogonal to how an individual logging message " +"is constructed." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.2 中，:class:`~logging.Formatter` 增加了一个 ``style`` 关键字形参，它默认为 ``%`` " +"以便向下兼容，但是允许采用 ``{`` 或 ``$`` 来支持 :meth:`str.format` 和 " +":class:`string.Template` 所支持的格式化方式。 " +"请注意此形参控制着用用于最终输出到日志的日志消息格式，并且与单独日志消息的构造方式完全无关。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2721 +msgid "" +"Logging calls (:meth:`~Logger.debug`, :meth:`~Logger.info` etc.) only take " +"positional parameters for the actual logging message itself, with keyword " +"parameters used only for determining options for how to handle the logging " +"call (e.g. the ``exc_info`` keyword parameter to indicate that traceback " +"information should be logged, or the ``extra`` keyword parameter to indicate" +" additional contextual information to be added to the log). So you cannot " +"directly make logging calls using :meth:`str.format` or " +":class:`string.Template` syntax, because internally the logging package uses" +" %-formatting to merge the format string and the variable arguments. There " +"would be no changing this while preserving backward compatibility, since all" +" logging calls which are out there in existing code will be using %-format " +"strings." +msgstr "" +"日志调用 (:meth:`~Logger.debug`, :meth:`~Logger.info` 等) " +"只接受包含实际日志消息自身的位置参数，而关键字参数仅用于确定如何处理日志调用的选项 (例如 ``exc_info`` " +"关键字参数表示应将回溯信息记入日志，而 ``extra`` 关键字参数则指定要添加到日志的额外上下文信息)。 所以你不能直接使用 " +":meth:`str.format` 或 :class:`string.Template` 语法来直接执行日志调用，因为 logging 包在内部是使用" +" % 格式符来合并格式字符串和可变参数的。 这一点不应被改变以保持向下兼容性，因为现有代码中所有的日志调用都将使用 % 格式化字符串。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2733 +msgid "" +"There have been suggestions to associate format styles with specific " +"loggers, but that approach also runs into backward compatibility problems " +"because any existing code could be using a given logger name and using " +"%-formatting." +msgstr "有人建议将格式化样式与特定的日志对象进行关联，但其实也会遇到向下兼容的问题，因为已有代码可能用到了某日志对象并采用了 %-f 格式串。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2737 +msgid "" +"For logging to work interoperably between any third-party libraries and your" +" code, decisions about formatting need to be made at the level of the " +"individual logging call. This opens up a couple of ways in which alternative" +" formatting styles can be accommodated." +msgstr "为了让第三方库和自编代码都能够交互使用日志功能，需要决定在单次日志记录调用级别采用什么格式。于是就出现了其他几种格式化样式方案。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2744 +msgid "Using LogRecord factories" +msgstr "LogRecord 工厂的用法" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2746 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.2, along with the :class:`~logging.Formatter` changes mentioned " +"above, the logging package gained the ability to allow users to set their " +"own :class:`LogRecord` subclasses, using the :func:`setLogRecordFactory` " +"function. You can use this to set your own subclass of :class:`LogRecord`, " +"which does the Right Thing by overriding the :meth:`~LogRecord.getMessage` " +"method. The base class implementation of this method is where the ``msg % " +"args`` formatting happens, and where you can substitute your alternate " +"formatting; however, you should be careful to support all formatting styles " +"and allow %-formatting as the default, to ensure interoperability with other" +" code. Care should also be taken to call ``str(self.msg)``, just as the base" +" implementation does." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.2 中，伴随着 :class:`~logging.Formatter` 的上述变化，logging 包增加了允许用户使用 " +":func:`setLogRecordFactory` 函数来。设置自己的 :class:`LogRecord` 子类的功能。 " +"你可以使用此功能来设置自己的 :class:`LogRecord` 子类，它会通过重写 :meth:`~LogRecord.getMessage` " +"方法来完成适当的操作。 ``msg % args`` " +"格式化是在此方法的基类实现中进行的，你可以在那里用你自己的格式化操作来替换；但是，你应当注意要支持全部的格式化样式并允许将 %-formatting " +"作为默认样式，以确保与其他代码进行配合。 还应当注意调用 ``str(self.msg)``，正如基类实现所做的一样。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2757 +msgid "" +"Refer to the reference documentation on :func:`setLogRecordFactory` and " +":class:`LogRecord` for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 :func:`setLogRecordFactory` 和 :class:`LogRecord` 的参考文档。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2762 +msgid "Using custom message objects" +msgstr "自定义信息对象的使用" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2764 +msgid "" +"There is another, perhaps simpler way that you can use {}- and $- formatting" +" to construct your individual log messages. You may recall (from " +":ref:`arbitrary-object-messages`) that when logging you can use an arbitrary" +" object as a message format string, and that the logging package will call " +":func:`str` on that object to get the actual format string. Consider the " +"following two classes::" +msgstr "" +"另一种方案可能更为简单，可以利用 {}- 和 $- 格式构建自己的日志消息。大家或许还记得（来自 :ref:`arbitrary-object-" +"messages`），可以用任意对象作为日志信息的格式串，日志包将调用该对象上 :func:`str` 获取实际的格式串。看下以下两个类：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2789 +msgid "" +"Either of these can be used in place of a format string, to allow {}- or " +"$-formatting to be used to build the actual \"message\" part which appears " +"in the formatted log output in place of “%(message)s” or “{message}” or " +"“$message”. If you find it a little unwieldy to use the class names whenever" +" you want to log something, you can make it more palatable if you use an " +"alias such as ``M`` or ``_`` for the message (or perhaps ``__``, if you are " +"using ``_`` for localization)." +msgstr "" +"以上两个类均都可用于替代格式串，以便用 {}- 或 $-formatting 构建实际的“日志信息”部分，此部分将出现在格式化后的日志输出中，替换 " +"%(message)s 、“{message}”或“$message”。每次要写入日志时都使用类名，如果觉得使用不便，可以采用 ``M`` 或 " +"``_`` 之类的别名（如果将 ``_`` 用于本地化操作，则可用 ``__``）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2797 +msgid "" +"Examples of this approach are given below. Firstly, formatting with " +":meth:`str.format`::" +msgstr "下面给出示例。 首先用 :meth:`str.format` 进行格式化：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2800 +msgid "" +">>> __ = BraceMessage\n" +">>> print(__('Message with {0} {1}', 2, 'placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>> class Point: pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = Point()\n" +">>> p.x = 0.5\n" +">>> p.y = 0.5\n" +">>> print(__('Message with coordinates: ({point.x:.2f}, {point.y:.2f})', point=p))\n" +"Message with coordinates: (0.50, 0.50)" +msgstr "" +">>> __ = BraceMessage\n" +">>> print(__('Message with {0} {1}', 2, 'placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>> class Point: pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = Point()\n" +">>> p.x = 0.5\n" +">>> p.y = 0.5\n" +">>> print(__('Message with coordinates: ({point.x:.2f}, {point.y:.2f})', point=p))\n" +"Message with coordinates: (0.50, 0.50)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2811 +msgid "Secondly, formatting with :class:`string.Template`::" +msgstr "然后，用 :class:`string.Template` 格式化：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2813 +msgid "" +">>> __ = DollarMessage\n" +">>> print(__('Message with $num $what', num=2, what='placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> __ = DollarMessage\n" +">>> print(__('Message with $num $what', num=2, what='placeholders'))\n" +"Message with 2 placeholders\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2818 +msgid "" +"One thing to note is that you pay no significant performance penalty with " +"this approach: the actual formatting happens not when you make the logging " +"call, but when (and if) the logged message is actually about to be output to" +" a log by a handler. So the only slightly unusual thing which might trip you" +" up is that the parentheses go around the format string and the arguments, " +"not just the format string. That’s because the __ notation is just syntax " +"sugar for a constructor call to one of the :samp:`{XXX}Message` classes " +"shown above." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是使用这种方式不会对性能造成明显影响：实际的格式化工作不是在日志记录调用时发生的，而是在（如果）处理器即将把日志消息输出到日志时发生的。 " +"因此，唯一可能令人困惑的不寻常之处在于包裹在格式字符串和参数外面的圆括号，而不仅仅是格式字符串。 这是因为 __ 符号只是对上面显示的 " +":samp:`{XXX}Message` 类的构造器的调用的语法糖。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2832 +msgid "Configuring filters with :func:`dictConfig`" +msgstr "利用 :func:`dictConfig` 定义过滤器" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2834 +msgid "" +"You *can* configure filters using :func:`~logging.config.dictConfig`, though" +" it might not be obvious at first glance how to do it (hence this recipe). " +"Since :class:`~logging.Filter` is the only filter class included in the " +"standard library, and it is unlikely to cater to many requirements (it's " +"only there as a base class), you will typically need to define your own " +":class:`~logging.Filter` subclass with an overridden " +":meth:`~logging.Filter.filter` method. To do this, specify the ``()`` key in" +" the configuration dictionary for the filter, specifying a callable which " +"will be used to create the filter (a class is the most obvious, but you can " +"provide any callable which returns a :class:`~logging.Filter` instance). " +"Here is a complete example::" +msgstr "" +"用 :func:`~logging.config.dictConfig` *可以* 对日志过滤器进行设置，尽管乍一看做法并不明显（所以才需要本秘籍）。 " +"由于 :class:`~logging.Filter` 是标准库中唯一的日志过滤器类，不太可能满足众多的要求（它只是作为基类存在），通常需要定义自己的 " +":class:`~logging.Filter` 子类，并重写 :meth:`~logging.Filter.filter` " +"方法。为此，请在过滤器的配置字典中设置 ``()`` " +"键，指定要用于创建过滤器的可调用对象（最明显可用的就是给出一个类，但也可以提供任何一个可调用对象，只要能返回 " +":class:`~logging.Filter` 实例即可）。下面是一个完整的例子：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2845 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class MyFilter(logging.Filter):\n" +" def __init__(self, param=None):\n" +" self.param = param\n" +"\n" +" def filter(self, record):\n" +" if self.param is None:\n" +" allow = True\n" +" else:\n" +" allow = self.param not in record.msg\n" +" if allow:\n" +" record.msg = 'changed: ' + record.msg\n" +" return allow\n" +"\n" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'filters': {\n" +" 'myfilter': {\n" +" '()': MyFilter,\n" +" 'param': 'noshow',\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'filters': ['myfilter']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" 'handlers': ['console']\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING)\n" +" logging.debug('hello')\n" +" logging.debug('hello - noshow')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class MyFilter(logging.Filter):\n" +" def __init__(self, param=None):\n" +" self.param = param\n" +"\n" +" def filter(self, record):\n" +" if self.param is None:\n" +" allow = True\n" +" else:\n" +" allow = self.param not in record.msg\n" +" if allow:\n" +" record.msg = 'changed: ' + record.msg\n" +" return allow\n" +"\n" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'filters': {\n" +" 'myfilter': {\n" +" '()': MyFilter,\n" +" 'param': 'noshow',\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'filters': ['myfilter']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'level': 'DEBUG',\n" +" 'handlers': ['console']\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING)\n" +" logging.debug('hello')\n" +" logging.debug('hello - noshow')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2887 +msgid "" +"This example shows how you can pass configuration data to the callable which" +" constructs the instance, in the form of keyword parameters. When run, the " +"above script will print:" +msgstr "以上示例展示了将配置数据传给构造实例的可调用对象，形式是关键字参数。运行后将会输出：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2891 +msgid "changed: hello" +msgstr "changed: hello" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2895 +msgid "which shows that the filter is working as configured." +msgstr "这说明过滤器按照配置的参数生效了。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2897 +msgid "A couple of extra points to note:" +msgstr "需要额外注意的地方：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2899 +msgid "" +"If you can't refer to the callable directly in the configuration (e.g. if it" +" lives in a different module, and you can't import it directly where the " +"configuration dictionary is), you can use the form ``ext://...`` as " +"described in :ref:`logging-config-dict-externalobj`. For example, you could " +"have used the text ``'ext://__main__.MyFilter'`` instead of ``MyFilter`` in " +"the above example." +msgstr "" +"如果在配置中无法直接引用可调用对象（比如位于不同的模块中，并且不能在配置字典所在的位置直接导入），则可以采用 ``ext://...`` 的形式，正如 " +":ref:`logging-config-dict-externalobj` 所述。例如，在上述示例中可以使用文本 " +"``'ext://__main__.MyFilter'`` 而不是 ``MyFilter`` 对象。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2906 +msgid "" +"As well as for filters, this technique can also be used to configure custom " +"handlers and formatters. See :ref:`logging-config-dict-userdef` for more " +"information on how logging supports using user-defined objects in its " +"configuration, and see the other cookbook recipe :ref:`custom-handlers` " +"above." +msgstr "" +"与过滤器一样，上述技术还可用于配置自定义 handler 和格式化对象。有关如何在日志配置中使用用户自定义对象的更多信息，请参阅 " +":ref:`logging-config-dict-userdef`，以及上述 :ref:`custom-handlers` 的其他指南。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2915 +msgid "Customized exception formatting" +msgstr "异常信息的自定义格式化" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2917 +msgid "" +"There might be times when you want to do customized exception formatting - " +"for argument's sake, let's say you want exactly one line per logged event, " +"even when exception information is present. You can do this with a custom " +"formatter class, as shown in the following example::" +msgstr "" +"有时可能需要设置自定义的异常信息格式——考虑到会用到参数，假定要让每条日志事件只占一行，即便存在异常信息也一样。这可以用自定义格式化类来实现，如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2922 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class OneLineExceptionFormatter(logging.Formatter):\n" +" def formatException(self, exc_info):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Format an exception so that it prints on a single line.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" result = super().formatException(exc_info)\n" +" return repr(result) # or format into one line however you want to\n" +"\n" +" def format(self, record):\n" +" s = super().format(record)\n" +" if record.exc_text:\n" +" s = s.replace('\\n', '') + '|'\n" +" return s\n" +"\n" +"def configure_logging():\n" +" fh = logging.FileHandler('output.txt', 'w')\n" +" f = OneLineExceptionFormatter('%(asctime)s|%(levelname)s|%(message)s|',\n" +" '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S')\n" +" fh.setFormatter(f)\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" root.addHandler(fh)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" configure_logging()\n" +" logging.info('Sample message')\n" +" try:\n" +" x = 1 / 0\n" +" except ZeroDivisionError as e:\n" +" logging.exception('ZeroDivisionError: %s', e)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class OneLineExceptionFormatter(logging.Formatter):\n" +" def formatException(self, exc_info):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Format an exception so that it prints on a single line.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" result = super().formatException(exc_info)\n" +" return repr(result) # 或格式化为任何你想要的单行内容\n" +"\n" +" def format(self, record):\n" +" s = super().format(record)\n" +" if record.exc_text:\n" +" s = s.replace('\\n', '') + '|'\n" +" return s\n" +"\n" +"def configure_logging():\n" +" fh = logging.FileHandler('output.txt', 'w')\n" +" f = OneLineExceptionFormatter('%(asctime)s|%(levelname)s|%(message)s|',\n" +" '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S')\n" +" fh.setFormatter(f)\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" root.addHandler(fh)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" configure_logging()\n" +" logging.info('Sample message')\n" +" try:\n" +" x = 1 / 0\n" +" except ZeroDivisionError as e:\n" +" logging.exception('ZeroDivisionError: %s', e)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2958 +msgid "When run, this produces a file with exactly two lines:" +msgstr "运行后将会生成只有两行信息的文件：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2960 +msgid "" +"28/01/2015 07:21:23|INFO|Sample message|\n" +"28/01/2015 07:21:23|ERROR|ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero|'Traceback (most recent call last):\\n File \"logtest7.py\", line 30, in main\\n x = 1 / 0\\nZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero'|" +msgstr "" +"28/01/2015 07:21:23|INFO|Sample message|\n" +"28/01/2015 07:21:23|ERROR|ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero|'Traceback (most recent call last):\\n File \"logtest7.py\", line 30, in main\\n x = 1 / 0\\nZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero'|" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2965 +msgid "" +"While the above treatment is simplistic, it points the way to how exception " +"information can be formatted to your liking. The :mod:`traceback` module may" +" be helpful for more specialized needs." +msgstr "虽然上述处理方式很简单，但也给出了根据喜好对异常信息进行格式化输出的方案。或许 :mod:`traceback` 模块能满足更专门的需求。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2972 +msgid "Speaking logging messages" +msgstr "语音播报日志信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2974 +msgid "" +"There might be situations when it is desirable to have logging messages " +"rendered in an audible rather than a visible format. This is easy to do if " +"you have text-to-speech (TTS) functionality available in your system, even " +"if it doesn't have a Python binding. Most TTS systems have a command line " +"program you can run, and this can be invoked from a handler using " +":mod:`subprocess`. It's assumed here that TTS command line programs won't " +"expect to interact with users or take a long time to complete, and that the " +"frequency of logged messages will be not so high as to swamp the user with " +"messages, and that it's acceptable to have the messages spoken one at a time" +" rather than concurrently, The example implementation below waits for one " +"message to be spoken before the next is processed, and this might cause " +"other handlers to be kept waiting. Here is a short example showing the " +"approach, which assumes that the ``espeak`` TTS package is available::" +msgstr "" +"有时可能需要以声音的形式呈现日志消息。如果系统自带了文本转语音 （TTS）功能，即便没与 Python 关联也很容易做到。大多数 TTS " +"系统都有一个可运行的命令行程序，在 handler 中可以用 :mod:`subprocess` 进行调用。这里假定 TTS " +"命令行程序不会与用户交互，或需要很长时间才会执行完毕，写入日志的信息也不会多到影响用户查看，并且可以接受每次播报一条信息，以下示例实现了等一条信息播完再处理下一条，可能会导致其他" +" handler 的等待。这个简短示例仅供演示，假定 ``espeak`` TTS 包已就绪：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:2987 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import subprocess\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class TTSHandler(logging.Handler):\n" +" def emit(self, record):\n" +" msg = self.format(record)\n" +" # Speak slowly in a female English voice\n" +" cmd = ['espeak', '-s150', '-ven+f3', msg]\n" +" p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,\n" +" stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)\n" +" # wait for the program to finish\n" +" p.communicate()\n" +"\n" +"def configure_logging():\n" +" h = TTSHandler()\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.addHandler(h)\n" +" # the default formatter just returns the message\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.info('Hello')\n" +" logging.debug('Goodbye')\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" configure_logging()\n" +" sys.exit(main())" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import subprocess\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class TTSHandler(logging.Handler):\n" +" def emit(self, record):\n" +" msg = self.format(record)\n" +" # 以女性的英语语音慢速地说话\n" +" cmd = ['espeak', '-s150', '-ven+f3', msg]\n" +" p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,\n" +" stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)\n" +" # 等待程序结束\n" +" p.communicate()\n" +"\n" +"def configure_logging():\n" +" h = TTSHandler()\n" +" root = logging.getLogger()\n" +" root.addHandler(h)\n" +" # 默认格式化器简单地返回消息\n" +" root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.info('Hello')\n" +" logging.debug('Goodbye')\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" configure_logging()\n" +" sys.exit(main())" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3016 +msgid "" +"When run, this script should say \"Hello\" and then \"Goodbye\" in a female " +"voice." +msgstr "运行后将会以女声播报“Hello”和“Goodbye”。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3018 +msgid "" +"The above approach can, of course, be adapted to other TTS systems and even " +"other systems altogether which can process messages via external programs " +"run from a command line." +msgstr "当然，上述方案也适用于其他 TTS 系统，甚至可以通过利用命令行运行的外部程序来处理消息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3026 +msgid "Buffering logging messages and outputting them conditionally" +msgstr "缓冲日志消息并有条件地输出它们" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3028 +msgid "" +"There might be situations where you want to log messages in a temporary area" +" and only output them if a certain condition occurs. For example, you may " +"want to start logging debug events in a function, and if the function " +"completes without errors, you don't want to clutter the log with the " +"collected debug information, but if there is an error, you want all the " +"debug information to be output as well as the error." +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下，你可能希望在临时区域中记录日志消息，并且只在发生某种特定的情况下才输出它们。 " +"例如，你可能希望起始在函数中记录调试事件，如果函数执行完成且没有错误，你不希望输出收集的调试信息以避免造成日志混乱，但如果出现错误，那么你希望所有调试以及错误消息被输出。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3035 +msgid "" +"Here is an example which shows how you could do this using a decorator for " +"your functions where you want logging to behave this way. It makes use of " +"the :class:`logging.handlers.MemoryHandler`, which allows buffering of " +"logged events until some condition occurs, at which point the buffered " +"events are ``flushed`` - passed to another handler (the ``target`` handler) " +"for processing. By default, the ``MemoryHandler`` flushed when its buffer " +"gets filled up or an event whose level is greater than or equal to a " +"specified threshold is seen. You can use this recipe with a more specialised" +" subclass of ``MemoryHandler`` if you want custom flushing behavior." +msgstr "" +"下面是一个示例，展示如何在你的日志记录函数上使用装饰器以实现这一功能。该示例使用 " +":class:`logging.handlers.MemoryHandler` " +"，它允许缓冲已记录的事件直到某些条件发生，缓冲的事件才会被刷新（``flushed``） - 传递给另一个处理程序（ ``target`` " +"handler）进行处理。 默认情况下， ``MemoryHandler`` 在其缓冲区被填满时被刷新，或者看到一个级别大于或等于指定阈值的事件。 " +"如果想要自定义刷新行为，你可以通过更专业的 ``MemoryHandler`` 子类来使用这个秘诀。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3045 +msgid "" +"The example script has a simple function, ``foo``, which just cycles through" +" all the logging levels, writing to ``sys.stderr`` to say what level it's " +"about to log at, and then actually logging a message at that level. You can " +"pass a parameter to ``foo`` which, if true, will log at ERROR and CRITICAL " +"levels - otherwise, it only logs at DEBUG, INFO and WARNING levels." +msgstr "" +"这个示例脚本有一个简单的函数 ``foo`` ，它只是在所有的日志级别中循环运行，写到 ``sys.stderr`` " +"，说明它要记录在哪个级别上，然后在这个级别上实际记录一个消息。你可以给 ``foo`` 传递一个参数，如果为 true " +"，它将在ERROR和CRITICAL级别记录，否则，它只在DEBUG、INFO和WARNING级别记录。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3051 +msgid "" +"The script just arranges to decorate ``foo`` with a decorator which will do " +"the conditional logging that's required. The decorator takes a logger as a " +"parameter and attaches a memory handler for the duration of the call to the " +"decorated function. The decorator can be additionally parameterised using a " +"target handler, a level at which flushing should occur, and a capacity for " +"the buffer (number of records buffered). These default to a " +":class:`~logging.StreamHandler` which writes to ``sys.stderr``, " +"``logging.ERROR`` and ``100`` respectively." +msgstr "" +"脚本只是使用了一个装饰器来装饰 " +"``foo``，这个装饰器将记录执行所需的条件。装饰器使用一个记录器作为参数，并在调用被装饰的函数期间附加一个内存处理程序。装饰器可以使用目标处理程序、记录级别和缓冲区的容量（缓冲记录的数量）来附加参数。这些参数分别默认为写入" +" ``sys.stderr`` 的 :class:`~logging.StreamHandler` ， ``logging.ERROR`` 和 " +"``100``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3059 +msgid "Here's the script::" +msgstr "以下是脚本：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3061 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"from logging.handlers import MemoryHandler\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())\n" +"\n" +"def log_if_errors(logger, target_handler=None, flush_level=None, capacity=None):\n" +" if target_handler is None:\n" +" target_handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +" if flush_level is None:\n" +" flush_level = logging.ERROR\n" +" if capacity is None:\n" +" capacity = 100\n" +" handler = MemoryHandler(capacity, flushLevel=flush_level, target=target_handler)\n" +"\n" +" def decorator(fn):\n" +" def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n" +" logger.addHandler(handler)\n" +" try:\n" +" return fn(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" logger.exception('call failed')\n" +" raise\n" +" finally:\n" +" super(MemoryHandler, handler).flush()\n" +" logger.removeHandler(handler)\n" +" return wrapper\n" +"\n" +" return decorator\n" +"\n" +"def write_line(s):\n" +" sys.stderr.write('%s\\n' % s)\n" +"\n" +"def foo(fail=False):\n" +" write_line('about to log at DEBUG ...')\n" +" logger.debug('Actually logged at DEBUG')\n" +" write_line('about to log at INFO ...')\n" +" logger.info('Actually logged at INFO')\n" +" write_line('about to log at WARNING ...')\n" +" logger.warning('Actually logged at WARNING')\n" +" if fail:\n" +" write_line('about to log at ERROR ...')\n" +" logger.error('Actually logged at ERROR')\n" +" write_line('about to log at CRITICAL ...')\n" +" logger.critical('Actually logged at CRITICAL')\n" +" return fail\n" +"\n" +"decorated_foo = log_if_errors(logger)(foo)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" write_line('Calling undecorated foo with False')\n" +" assert not foo(False)\n" +" write_line('Calling undecorated foo with True')\n" +" assert foo(True)\n" +" write_line('Calling decorated foo with False')\n" +" assert not decorated_foo(False)\n" +" write_line('Calling decorated foo with True')\n" +" assert decorated_foo(True)" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"from logging.handlers import MemoryHandler\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())\n" +"\n" +"def log_if_errors(logger, target_handler=None, flush_level=None, capacity=None):\n" +" if target_handler is None:\n" +" target_handler = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +" if flush_level is None:\n" +" flush_level = logging.ERROR\n" +" if capacity is None:\n" +" capacity = 100\n" +" handler = MemoryHandler(capacity, flushLevel=flush_level, target=target_handler)\n" +"\n" +" def decorator(fn):\n" +" def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n" +" logger.addHandler(handler)\n" +" try:\n" +" return fn(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" logger.exception('call failed')\n" +" raise\n" +" finally:\n" +" super(MemoryHandler, handler).flush()\n" +" logger.removeHandler(handler)\n" +" return wrapper\n" +"\n" +" return decorator\n" +"\n" +"def write_line(s):\n" +" sys.stderr.write('%s\\n' % s)\n" +"\n" +"def foo(fail=False):\n" +" write_line('about to log at DEBUG ...')\n" +" logger.debug('Actually logged at DEBUG')\n" +" write_line('about to log at INFO ...')\n" +" logger.info('Actually logged at INFO')\n" +" write_line('about to log at WARNING ...')\n" +" logger.warning('Actually logged at WARNING')\n" +" if fail:\n" +" write_line('about to log at ERROR ...')\n" +" logger.error('Actually logged at ERROR')\n" +" write_line('about to log at CRITICAL ...')\n" +" logger.critical('Actually logged at CRITICAL')\n" +" return fail\n" +"\n" +"decorated_foo = log_if_errors(logger)(foo)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" write_line('Calling undecorated foo with False')\n" +" assert not foo(False)\n" +" write_line('Calling undecorated foo with True')\n" +" assert foo(True)\n" +" write_line('Calling decorated foo with False')\n" +" assert not decorated_foo(False)\n" +" write_line('Calling decorated foo with True')\n" +" assert decorated_foo(True)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3122 +msgid "When this script is run, the following output should be observed:" +msgstr "运行此脚本时，应看到以下输出：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3124 +msgid "" +"Calling undecorated foo with False\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"Calling undecorated foo with True\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"about to log at ERROR ...\n" +"about to log at CRITICAL ...\n" +"Calling decorated foo with False\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"Calling decorated foo with True\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"about to log at ERROR ...\n" +"Actually logged at DEBUG\n" +"Actually logged at INFO\n" +"Actually logged at WARNING\n" +"Actually logged at ERROR\n" +"about to log at CRITICAL ...\n" +"Actually logged at CRITICAL" +msgstr "" +"Calling undecorated foo with False\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"Calling undecorated foo with True\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"about to log at ERROR ...\n" +"about to log at CRITICAL ...\n" +"Calling decorated foo with False\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"Calling decorated foo with True\n" +"about to log at DEBUG ...\n" +"about to log at INFO ...\n" +"about to log at WARNING ...\n" +"about to log at ERROR ...\n" +"Actually logged at DEBUG\n" +"Actually logged at INFO\n" +"Actually logged at WARNING\n" +"Actually logged at ERROR\n" +"about to log at CRITICAL ...\n" +"Actually logged at CRITICAL" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3152 +msgid "" +"As you can see, actual logging output only occurs when an event is logged " +"whose severity is ERROR or greater, but in that case, any previous events at" +" lower severities are also logged." +msgstr "如你所见，实际日志记录输出仅在消息等级为ERROR或更高的事件时发生，但在这种情况下，任何之前较低消息等级的事件还会被记录。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3156 +msgid "You can of course use the conventional means of decoration::" +msgstr "你当然可以使用传统的装饰方法::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3158 +msgid "" +"@log_if_errors(logger)\n" +"def foo(fail=False):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@log_if_errors(logger)\n" +"def foo(fail=False):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3166 +msgid "Sending logging messages to email, with buffering" +msgstr "将日志消息发送至电子邮件，附带缓存支持" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3168 +msgid "" +"To illustrate how you can send log messages via email, so that a set number " +"of messages are sent per email, you can subclass " +":class:`~logging.handlers.BufferingHandler`. In the following example, " +"which you can adapt to suit your specific needs, a simple test harness is " +"provided which allows you to run the script with command line arguments " +"specifying what you typically need to send things via SMTP. (Run the " +"downloaded script with the ``-h`` argument to see the required and optional " +"arguments.)" +msgstr "" +"为演示如何通过电子邮件发送日志消息，让每封电子邮件发送指定数量的日志消息，你可以子类化 " +":class:`~logging.handlers.BufferingHandler`。 " +"对于下面的例子，你可以继续调整以适合你自己的特定需求，它提供了简单的测试代码来允许你附带命令行参数运行该脚本来指定你需要通过 SMTP 发送的内容。 " +"（请附带 ``-h`` 参数运行已下载的脚本来查看必须的和可选的参数。）" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3176 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"class BufferingSMTPHandler(logging.handlers.BufferingHandler):\n" +" def __init__(self, mailhost, port, username, password, fromaddr, toaddrs,\n" +" subject, capacity):\n" +" logging.handlers.BufferingHandler.__init__(self, capacity)\n" +" self.mailhost = mailhost\n" +" self.mailport = port\n" +" self.username = username\n" +" self.password = password\n" +" self.fromaddr = fromaddr\n" +" if isinstance(toaddrs, str):\n" +" toaddrs = [toaddrs]\n" +" self.toaddrs = toaddrs\n" +" self.subject = subject\n" +" self.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(\"%(asctime)s %(levelname)-5s %(message)s\"))\n" +"\n" +" def flush(self):\n" +" if len(self.buffer) > 0:\n" +" try:\n" +" smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.mailhost, self.mailport)\n" +" smtp.starttls()\n" +" smtp.login(self.username, self.password)\n" +" msg = \"From: %s\\r\\nTo: %s\\r\\nSubject: %s\\r\\n\\r\\n\" % (self.fromaddr, ','.join(self.toaddrs), self.subject)\n" +" for record in self.buffer:\n" +" s = self.format(record)\n" +" msg = msg + s + \"\\r\\n\"\n" +" smtp.sendmail(self.fromaddr, self.toaddrs, msg)\n" +" smtp.quit()\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" if logging.raiseExceptions:\n" +" raise\n" +" self.buffer = []\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" import argparse\n" +"\n" +" ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +" aa = ap.add_argument\n" +" aa('host', metavar='HOST', help='SMTP server')\n" +" aa('--port', '-p', type=int, default=587, help='SMTP port')\n" +" aa('user', metavar='USER', help='SMTP username')\n" +" aa('password', metavar='PASSWORD', help='SMTP password')\n" +" aa('to', metavar='TO', help='Addressee for emails')\n" +" aa('sender', metavar='SENDER', help='Sender email address')\n" +" aa('--subject', '-s',\n" +" default='Test Logging email from Python logging module (buffering)',\n" +" help='Subject of email')\n" +" options = ap.parse_args()\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger()\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" h = BufferingSMTPHandler(options.host, options.port, options.user,\n" +" options.password, options.sender,\n" +" options.to, options.subject, 10)\n" +" logger.addHandler(h)\n" +" for i in range(102):\n" +" logger.info(\"Info index = %d\", i)\n" +" h.flush()\n" +" h.close()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"class BufferingSMTPHandler(logging.handlers.BufferingHandler):\n" +" def __init__(self, mailhost, port, username, password, fromaddr, toaddrs,\n" +" subject, capacity):\n" +" logging.handlers.BufferingHandler.__init__(self, capacity)\n" +" self.mailhost = mailhost\n" +" self.mailport = port\n" +" self.username = username\n" +" self.password = password\n" +" self.fromaddr = fromaddr\n" +" if isinstance(toaddrs, str):\n" +" toaddrs = [toaddrs]\n" +" self.toaddrs = toaddrs\n" +" self.subject = subject\n" +" self.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(\"%(asctime)s %(levelname)-5s %(message)s\"))\n" +"\n" +" def flush(self):\n" +" if len(self.buffer) > 0:\n" +" try:\n" +" smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.mailhost, self.mailport)\n" +" smtp.starttls()\n" +" smtp.login(self.username, self.password)\n" +" msg = \"From: %s\\r\\nTo: %s\\r\\nSubject: %s\\r\\n\\r\\n\" % (self.fromaddr, ','.join(self.toaddrs), self.subject)\n" +" for record in self.buffer:\n" +" s = self.format(record)\n" +" msg = msg + s + \"\\r\\n\"\n" +" smtp.sendmail(self.fromaddr, self.toaddrs, msg)\n" +" smtp.quit()\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" if logging.raiseExceptions:\n" +" raise\n" +" self.buffer = []\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" import argparse\n" +"\n" +" ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +" aa = ap.add_argument\n" +" aa('host', metavar='HOST', help='SMTP server')\n" +" aa('--port', '-p', type=int, default=587, help='SMTP port')\n" +" aa('user', metavar='USER', help='SMTP username')\n" +" aa('password', metavar='PASSWORD', help='SMTP password')\n" +" aa('to', metavar='TO', help='Addressee for emails')\n" +" aa('sender', metavar='SENDER', help='Sender email address')\n" +" aa('--subject', '-s',\n" +" default='Test Logging email from Python logging module (buffering)',\n" +" help='Subject of email')\n" +" options = ap.parse_args()\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger()\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" h = BufferingSMTPHandler(options.host, options.port, options.user,\n" +" options.password, options.sender,\n" +" options.to, options.subject, 10)\n" +" logger.addHandler(h)\n" +" for i in range(102):\n" +" logger.info(\"Info index = %d\", i)\n" +" h.flush()\n" +" h.close()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3240 +msgid "" +"If you run this script and your SMTP server is correctly set up, you should " +"find that it sends eleven emails to the addressee you specify. The first ten" +" emails will each have ten log messages, and the eleventh will have two " +"messages. That makes up 102 messages as specified in the script." +msgstr "" +"如果你运行此脚本并且你的 SMTP 服务器已正确设置，你将发现它会向你指定的地址发出十一封电子邮件。 " +"前十封邮件每封各有十条日志消息，第十一封将有两条消息。 如脚本所指定的总计为 102 条消息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3248 +msgid "Formatting times using UTC (GMT) via configuration" +msgstr "通过配置使用UTC (GMT) 格式化时间" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3250 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want to format times using UTC, which can be done using a " +"class such as ``UTCFormatter``, shown below::" +msgstr "有时你会想要使用 UTC 时间格式，这可以用 ``UTCFormatter`` 这样的类来实现，如下所示::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3253 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class UTCFormatter(logging.Formatter):\n" +" converter = time.gmtime" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class UTCFormatter(logging.Formatter):\n" +" converter = time.gmtime" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3259 +msgid "" +"and you can then use the ``UTCFormatter`` in your code instead of " +":class:`~logging.Formatter`. If you want to do that via configuration, you " +"can use the :func:`~logging.config.dictConfig` API with an approach " +"illustrated by the following complete example::" +msgstr "" +"然后你可以在你的代码中使用 ``UTCFormatter``，而不是 :class:`~logging.Formatter`。 " +"如果你想通过配置来实现这一功能，你可以使用 :func:`~logging.config.dictConfig` API " +"来完成，该方法在以下完整示例中展示::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3264 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class UTCFormatter(logging.Formatter):\n" +" converter = time.gmtime\n" +"\n" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'utc': {\n" +" '()': UTCFormatter,\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(message)s',\n" +" },\n" +" 'local': {\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(message)s',\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console1': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'utc',\n" +" },\n" +" 'console2': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'local',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console1', 'console2'],\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING)\n" +" logging.warning('The local time is %s', time.asctime())" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class UTCFormatter(logging.Formatter):\n" +" converter = time.gmtime\n" +"\n" +"LOGGING = {\n" +" 'version': 1,\n" +" 'disable_existing_loggers': False,\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'utc': {\n" +" '()': UTCFormatter,\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(message)s',\n" +" },\n" +" 'local': {\n" +" 'format': '%(asctime)s %(message)s',\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" 'handlers': {\n" +" 'console1': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'utc',\n" +" },\n" +" 'console2': {\n" +" 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'local',\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['console1', 'console2'],\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING)\n" +" logging.warning('The local time is %s', time.asctime())" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3302 +msgid "When this script is run, it should print something like:" +msgstr "脚本会运行输出类似下面的内容:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3304 +msgid "" +"2015-10-17 12:53:29,501 The local time is Sat Oct 17 13:53:29 2015\n" +"2015-10-17 13:53:29,501 The local time is Sat Oct 17 13:53:29 2015" +msgstr "" +"2015-10-17 12:53:29,501 The local time is Sat Oct 17 13:53:29 2015\n" +"2015-10-17 13:53:29,501 The local time is Sat Oct 17 13:53:29 2015" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3309 +msgid "" +"showing how the time is formatted both as local time and UTC, one for each " +"handler." +msgstr "展示了如何将时间格式化为本地时间和UTC两种形式，其中每种形式对应一个日志处理器 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3316 +msgid "Using a context manager for selective logging" +msgstr "使用上下文管理器的可选的日志记录" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3318 +msgid "" +"There are times when it would be useful to temporarily change the logging " +"configuration and revert it back after doing something. For this, a context " +"manager is the most obvious way of saving and restoring the logging context." +" Here is a simple example of such a context manager, which allows you to " +"optionally change the logging level and add a logging handler purely in the " +"scope of the context manager::" +msgstr "" +"有时候，我们需要暂时更改日志配置，并在执行某些操作后将其还原。为此，上下文管理器是实现保存和恢复日志上下文的最明显的方式。这是一个关于上下文管理器的简单例子，它允许你在上下文管理器的作用域内更改日志记录等级以及增加日志处理器：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3325 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class LoggingContext:\n" +" def __init__(self, logger, level=None, handler=None, close=True):\n" +" self.logger = logger\n" +" self.level = level\n" +" self.handler = handler\n" +" self.close = close\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" if self.level is not None:\n" +" self.old_level = self.logger.level\n" +" self.logger.setLevel(self.level)\n" +" if self.handler:\n" +" self.logger.addHandler(self.handler)\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, et, ev, tb):\n" +" if self.level is not None:\n" +" self.logger.setLevel(self.old_level)\n" +" if self.handler:\n" +" self.logger.removeHandler(self.handler)\n" +" if self.handler and self.close:\n" +" self.handler.close()\n" +" # implicit return of None => don't swallow exceptions" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class LoggingContext:\n" +" def __init__(self, logger, level=None, handler=None, close=True):\n" +" self.logger = logger\n" +" self.level = level\n" +" self.handler = handler\n" +" self.close = close\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" if self.level is not None:\n" +" self.old_level = self.logger.level\n" +" self.logger.setLevel(self.level)\n" +" if self.handler:\n" +" self.logger.addHandler(self.handler)\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, et, ev, tb):\n" +" if self.level is not None:\n" +" self.logger.setLevel(self.old_level)\n" +" if self.handler:\n" +" self.logger.removeHandler(self.handler)\n" +" if self.handler and self.close:\n" +" self.handler.close()\n" +" # 隐式地返回 None => 不捕获异常" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3351 +msgid "" +"If you specify a level value, the logger's level is set to that value in the" +" scope of the with block covered by the context manager. If you specify a " +"handler, it is added to the logger on entry to the block and removed on exit" +" from the block. You can also ask the manager to close the handler for you " +"on block exit - you could do this if you don't need the handler any more." +msgstr "" +"如果指定上下文管理器的日志记录等级属性，则在上下文管理器的with语句所涵盖的代码中，日志记录器的记录等级将临时设置为上下文管理器所配置的日志记录等级。" +" 如果指定上下文管理的日志处理器属性，则该句柄在进入上下文管理器的上下文时添加到记录器中，并在退出时被删除。 " +"如果你再也不需要该日志处理器时，你可以让上下文管理器在退出上下文管理器的上下文时关闭它。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3357 +msgid "" +"To illustrate how it works, we can add the following block of code to the " +"above::" +msgstr "为了说明它是如何工作的，我们可以在上面添加以下代码块::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3360 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('foo')\n" +" logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +" logger.info('1. This should appear just once on stderr.')\n" +" logger.debug('2. This should not appear.')\n" +" with LoggingContext(logger, level=logging.DEBUG):\n" +" logger.debug('3. This should appear once on stderr.')\n" +" logger.debug('4. This should not appear.')\n" +" h = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)\n" +" with LoggingContext(logger, level=logging.DEBUG, handler=h, close=True):\n" +" logger.debug('5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.')\n" +" logger.info('6. This should appear just once on stderr.')\n" +" logger.debug('7. This should not appear.')" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('foo')\n" +" logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())\n" +" logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n" +" logger.info('1. This should appear just once on stderr.')\n" +" logger.debug('2. This should not appear.')\n" +" with LoggingContext(logger, level=logging.DEBUG):\n" +" logger.debug('3. This should appear once on stderr.')\n" +" logger.debug('4. This should not appear.')\n" +" h = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)\n" +" with LoggingContext(logger, level=logging.DEBUG, handler=h, close=True):\n" +" logger.debug('5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.')\n" +" logger.info('6. This should appear just once on stderr.')\n" +" logger.debug('7. This should not appear.')" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3375 +msgid "" +"We initially set the logger's level to ``INFO``, so message #1 appears and " +"message #2 doesn't. We then change the level to ``DEBUG`` temporarily in the" +" following ``with`` block, and so message #3 appears. After the block exits," +" the logger's level is restored to ``INFO`` and so message #4 doesn't " +"appear. In the next ``with`` block, we set the level to ``DEBUG`` again but " +"also add a handler writing to ``sys.stdout``. Thus, message #5 appears twice" +" on the console (once via ``stderr`` and once via ``stdout``). After the " +"``with`` statement's completion, the status is as it was before so message " +"#6 appears (like message #1) whereas message #7 doesn't (just like message " +"#2)." +msgstr "" +"我们最初设置日志记录器的消息等级为 ``INFO`` ，因此消息#1出现，消息#2没有出现。在接下来的 ``with`` " +"代码块中我们暂时将消息等级变更为 ``DEBUG`` ，从而消息 #3 出现。在这一代码块退出后，日志记录器的消息等级恢复为 ``INFO`` " +"，从而消息 #4 没有出现。在下一个 ``with`` 代码块中，我们再一次将设置消息等级设置为 ``DEBUG`` ，同时添加一个将消息写入 " +"``sys.stdout`` 的日志处理器。因此，消息#5在控制台出现两次 (分别通过 ``stderr`` 和 ``stdout`` )。在 " +"``with`` 语句完成后，状态与之前一样，因此消息 #6 出现（类似消息 #1），而消息 #7 没有出现（类似消息 #2）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3385 +msgid "If we run the resulting script, the result is as follows:" +msgstr "如果我们运行生成的脚本，结果如下：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3387 +msgid "" +"$ python logctx.py\n" +"1. This should appear just once on stderr.\n" +"3. This should appear once on stderr.\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.\n" +"6. This should appear just once on stderr." +msgstr "" +"$ python logctx.py\n" +"1. This should appear just once on stderr.\n" +"3. This should appear once on stderr.\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.\n" +"6. This should appear just once on stderr." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3396 +msgid "" +"If we run it again, but pipe ``stderr`` to ``/dev/null``, we see the " +"following, which is the only message written to ``stdout``:" +msgstr "" +"我们将 ``stderr`` 标准错误重定向到 ``/dev/null`` ，我再次运行生成的脚步，唯一被写入 ``stdout`` " +"标准输出的消息，即我们所能看见的消息，如下：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3399 +msgid "" +"$ python logctx.py 2>/dev/null\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout." +msgstr "" +"$ python logctx.py 2>/dev/null\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3404 +msgid "Once again, but piping ``stdout`` to ``/dev/null``, we get:" +msgstr "再一次，将 ``stdout`` 标准输出重定向到 ``/dev/null``，我获得如下结果：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3406 +msgid "" +"$ python logctx.py >/dev/null\n" +"1. This should appear just once on stderr.\n" +"3. This should appear once on stderr.\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.\n" +"6. This should appear just once on stderr." +msgstr "" +"$ python logctx.py >/dev/null\n" +"1. This should appear just once on stderr.\n" +"3. This should appear once on stderr.\n" +"5. This should appear twice - once on stderr and once on stdout.\n" +"6. This should appear just once on stderr." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3414 +msgid "" +"In this case, the message #5 printed to ``stdout`` doesn't appear, as " +"expected." +msgstr "在这种情况下，与预期一致，打印到 ``stdout`` 标准输出的消息＃5不会出现。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3416 +msgid "" +"Of course, the approach described here can be generalised, for example to " +"attach logging filters temporarily. Note that the above code works in Python" +" 2 as well as Python 3." +msgstr "当然，这里描述的方法可以被推广，例如临时附加日志记录过滤器。 请注意，上面的代码适用于Python 2以及Python 3。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3424 +msgid "A CLI application starter template" +msgstr "命令行日志应用起步" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3426 +msgid "Here's an example which shows how you can:" +msgstr "下面的示例提供了如下功能：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3428 +msgid "Use a logging level based on command-line arguments" +msgstr "根据命令行参数确定日志级别" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3429 +msgid "" +"Dispatch to multiple subcommands in separate files, all logging at the same " +"level in a consistent way" +msgstr "在单独的文件中分发多条子命令，同一级别的子命令均以一致的方式记录。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3431 +msgid "Make use of simple, minimal configuration" +msgstr "最简单的配置用法" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3433 +msgid "" +"Suppose we have a command-line application whose job is to stop, start or " +"restart some services. This could be organised for the purposes of " +"illustration as a file ``app.py`` that is the main script for the " +"application, with individual commands implemented in ``start.py``, " +"``stop.py`` and ``restart.py``. Suppose further that we want to control the " +"verbosity of the application via a command-line argument, defaulting to " +"``logging.INFO``. Here's one way that ``app.py`` could be written::" +msgstr "" +"假定有一个命令行应用程序，用于停止、启动或重新启动某些服务。为了便于演示，不妨将 ``app.py`` 作为应用程序的主代码文件，并在 " +"``start.py`` 、 ``stop.py`` 和 ``restart.py`` " +"中实现单独的命令。再假定要通过命令行参数控制应用程序的日志粒度，默认为 ``logging.INFO`` 。以下是 ``app.py`` 的一个示例：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3441 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"import importlib\n" +"import logging\n" +"import os\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def main(args=None):\n" +" scriptname = os.path.basename(__file__)\n" +" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(scriptname)\n" +" levels = ('DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL')\n" +" parser.add_argument('--log-level', default='INFO', choices=levels)\n" +" subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='command',\n" +" help='Available commands:')\n" +" start_cmd = subparsers.add_parser('start', help='Start a service')\n" +" start_cmd.add_argument('name', metavar='NAME',\n" +" help='Name of service to start')\n" +" stop_cmd = subparsers.add_parser('stop',\n" +" help='Stop one or more services')\n" +" stop_cmd.add_argument('names', metavar='NAME', nargs='+',\n" +" help='Name of service to stop')\n" +" restart_cmd = subparsers.add_parser('restart',\n" +" help='Restart one or more services')\n" +" restart_cmd.add_argument('names', metavar='NAME', nargs='+',\n" +" help='Name of service to restart')\n" +" options = parser.parse_args()\n" +" # the code to dispatch commands could all be in this file. For the purposes\n" +" # of illustration only, we implement each command in a separate module.\n" +" try:\n" +" mod = importlib.import_module(options.command)\n" +" cmd = getattr(mod, 'command')\n" +" except (ImportError, AttributeError):\n" +" print('Unable to find the code for command \\'%s\\'' % options.command)\n" +" return 1\n" +" # Could get fancy here and load configuration from file or dictionary\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=options.log_level,\n" +" format='%(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s')\n" +" cmd(options)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" sys.exit(main())" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"import importlib\n" +"import logging\n" +"import os\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def main(args=None):\n" +" scriptname = os.path.basename(__file__)\n" +" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(scriptname)\n" +" levels = ('DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL')\n" +" parser.add_argument('--log-level', default='INFO', choices=levels)\n" +" subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='command',\n" +" help='Available commands:')\n" +" start_cmd = subparsers.add_parser('start', help='Start a service')\n" +" start_cmd.add_argument('name', metavar='NAME',\n" +" help='Name of service to start')\n" +" stop_cmd = subparsers.add_parser('stop',\n" +" help='Stop one or more services')\n" +" stop_cmd.add_argument('names', metavar='NAME', nargs='+',\n" +" help='Name of service to stop')\n" +" restart_cmd = subparsers.add_parser('restart',\n" +" help='Restart one or more services')\n" +" restart_cmd.add_argument('names', metavar='NAME', nargs='+',\n" +" help='Name of service to restart')\n" +" options = parser.parse_args()\n" +" # 分发命令的代码可以全都放在此文件中。 只是出于演示目的，\n" +" # 我们将在单独的模块中实现每个命令。\n" +" try:\n" +" mod = importlib.import_module(options.command)\n" +" cmd = getattr(mod, 'command')\n" +" except (ImportError, AttributeError):\n" +" print('Unable to find the code for command \\'%s\\'' % options.command)\n" +" return 1\n" +" # 这里可以做得更为灵活并从文件或目录加载配置\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=options.log_level,\n" +" format='%(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s')\n" +" cmd(options)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" sys.exit(main())" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3482 +msgid "" +"And the ``start``, ``stop`` and ``restart`` commands can be implemented in " +"separate modules, like so for starting::" +msgstr "``start``、``stop`` 和 ``restart`` 命令可以在单独的模块中实现，启动命令的代码可如下：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3485 +msgid "" +"# start.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def command(options):\n" +" logger.debug('About to start %s', options.name)\n" +" # actually do the command processing here ...\n" +" logger.info('Started the \\'%s\\' service.', options.name)" +msgstr "" +"# start.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def command(options):\n" +" logger.debug('About to start %s', options.name)\n" +" # 在此进行实际的命令处理 ...\n" +" logger.info('Started the \\'%s\\' service.', options.name)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3495 +msgid "and thus for stopping::" +msgstr "然后是停止命令的代码：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3497 +msgid "" +"# stop.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def command(options):\n" +" n = len(options.names)\n" +" if n == 1:\n" +" plural = ''\n" +" services = '\\'%s\\'' % options.names[0]\n" +" else:\n" +" plural = 's'\n" +" services = ', '.join('\\'%s\\'' % name for name in options.names)\n" +" i = services.rfind(', ')\n" +" services = services[:i] + ' and ' + services[i + 2:]\n" +" logger.debug('About to stop %s', services)\n" +" # actually do the command processing here ...\n" +" logger.info('Stopped the %s service%s.', services, plural)" +msgstr "" +"# stop.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def command(options):\n" +" n = len(options.names)\n" +" if n == 1:\n" +" plural = ''\n" +" services = '\\'%s\\'' % options.names[0]\n" +" else:\n" +" plural = 's'\n" +" services = ', '.join('\\'%s\\'' % name for name in options.names)\n" +" i = services.rfind(', ')\n" +" services = services[:i] + ' and ' + services[i + 2:]\n" +" logger.debug('About to stop %s', services)\n" +" # 在此进行实际的命令处理 ...\n" +" logger.info('Stopped the %s service%s.', services, plural)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3516 +msgid "and similarly for restarting::" +msgstr "重启命令类似：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3518 +msgid "" +"# restart.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def command(options):\n" +" n = len(options.names)\n" +" if n == 1:\n" +" plural = ''\n" +" services = '\\'%s\\'' % options.names[0]\n" +" else:\n" +" plural = 's'\n" +" services = ', '.join('\\'%s\\'' % name for name in options.names)\n" +" i = services.rfind(', ')\n" +" services = services[:i] + ' and ' + services[i + 2:]\n" +" logger.debug('About to restart %s', services)\n" +" # actually do the command processing here ...\n" +" logger.info('Restarted the %s service%s.', services, plural)" +msgstr "" +"# restart.py\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"def command(options):\n" +" n = len(options.names)\n" +" if n == 1:\n" +" plural = ''\n" +" services = '\\'%s\\'' % options.names[0]\n" +" else:\n" +" plural = 's'\n" +" services = ', '.join('\\'%s\\'' % name for name in options.names)\n" +" i = services.rfind(', ')\n" +" services = services[:i] + ' and ' + services[i + 2:]\n" +" logger.debug('About to restart %s', services)\n" +" # 在此进行实际的命令处理 ...\n" +" logger.info('Restarted the %s service%s.', services, plural)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3537 +msgid "" +"If we run this application with the default log level, we get output like " +"this:" +msgstr "如果以默认日志级别运行该程序，会得到以下结果：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3539 +msgid "" +"$ python app.py start foo\n" +"INFO start Started the 'foo' service.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py stop foo bar\n" +"INFO stop Stopped the 'foo' and 'bar' services.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py restart foo bar baz\n" +"INFO restart Restarted the 'foo', 'bar' and 'baz' services." +msgstr "" +"$ python app.py start foo\n" +"INFO start Started the 'foo' service.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py stop foo bar\n" +"INFO stop Stopped the 'foo' and 'bar' services.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py restart foo bar baz\n" +"INFO restart Restarted the 'foo', 'bar' and 'baz' services." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3550 +msgid "" +"The first word is the logging level, and the second word is the module or " +"package name of the place where the event was logged." +msgstr "第一个单词是日志级别，第二个单词是日志事件所在的模块或包的名称。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3553 +msgid "" +"If we change the logging level, then we can change the information sent to " +"the log. For example, if we want more information:" +msgstr "如果修改了日志级别，发送给日志的信息就能得以改变。如要显示更多信息，则可：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3556 +msgid "" +"$ python app.py --log-level DEBUG start foo\n" +"DEBUG start About to start foo\n" +"INFO start Started the 'foo' service.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level DEBUG stop foo bar\n" +"DEBUG stop About to stop 'foo' and 'bar'\n" +"INFO stop Stopped the 'foo' and 'bar' services.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level DEBUG restart foo bar baz\n" +"DEBUG restart About to restart 'foo', 'bar' and 'baz'\n" +"INFO restart Restarted the 'foo', 'bar' and 'baz' services." +msgstr "" +"$ python app.py --log-level DEBUG start foo\n" +"DEBUG start About to start foo\n" +"INFO start Started the 'foo' service.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level DEBUG stop foo bar\n" +"DEBUG stop About to stop 'foo' and 'bar'\n" +"INFO stop Stopped the 'foo' and 'bar' services.\n" +"\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level DEBUG restart foo bar baz\n" +"DEBUG restart About to restart 'foo', 'bar' and 'baz'\n" +"INFO restart Restarted the 'foo', 'bar' and 'baz' services." + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3570 +msgid "And if we want less:" +msgstr "若要显示的信息少一些，则：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3572 +msgid "" +"$ python app.py --log-level WARNING start foo\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level WARNING stop foo bar\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level WARNING restart foo bar baz" +msgstr "" +"$ python app.py --log-level WARNING start foo\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level WARNING stop foo bar\n" +"$ python app.py --log-level WARNING restart foo bar baz" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3578 +msgid "" +"In this case, the commands don't print anything to the console, since " +"nothing at ``WARNING`` level or above is logged by them." +msgstr "这里的命令不会向控制台输出任何信息，因为没有记录 ``WARNING`` 以上级别的日志。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3584 +msgid "A Qt GUI for logging" +msgstr "Qt GUI 日志示例" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3586 +msgid "" +"A question that comes up from time to time is about how to log to a GUI " +"application. The `Qt `_ framework is a popular cross-" +"platform UI framework with Python bindings using :pypi:`PySide2` or " +":pypi:`PyQt5` libraries." +msgstr "" +"一个时常被提出的问题是 GUI 应用程序要如何记录日志。 `Qt `_ 框架是一个流行的跨平台 UI " +"框架，它具有使用 :pypi:`PySide2` 或 :pypi:`PyQt5` 库的 Python 绑定。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3591 +msgid "" +"The following example shows how to log to a Qt GUI. This introduces a simple" +" ``QtHandler`` class which takes a callable, which should be a slot in the " +"main thread that does GUI updates. A worker thread is also created to show " +"how you can log to the GUI from both the UI itself (via a button for manual " +"logging) as well as a worker thread doing work in the background (here, just" +" logging messages at random levels with random short delays in between)." +msgstr "" +"下面的例子演示了将日志写入 Qt GUI 程序的过程。这里引入了一个简单的 ``QtHandler`` " +"类，参数是一个可调用对象，其应为嵌入主线程某个“槽位”中运行的，因为GUI 的更新由主线程完成。这里还创建了一个工作线程，以便演示由 " +"UI（通过人工点击日志按钮）和后台工作线程（此处只是记录级别和时间间隔均随机生成的日志信息）将日志写入 GUI 的过程。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3598 +msgid "" +"The worker thread is implemented using Qt's ``QThread`` class rather than " +"the :mod:`threading` module, as there are circumstances where one has to use" +" ``QThread``, which offers better integration with other ``Qt`` components." +msgstr "" +"该工作线程是用 Qt 的 ``QThread`` 类实现的，而不是 :mod:`threading` 模块，因为某些情况下只能采用 " +"```QThread``，它与其他 ``Qt`` 组件的集成性更好一些。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3602 +msgid "" +"The code should work with recent releases of any of ``PySide6``, ``PyQt6``, " +"``PySide2`` or ``PyQt5``. You should be able to adapt the approach to " +"earlier versions of Qt. Please refer to the comments in the code snippet for" +" more detailed information." +msgstr "" +"此代码应当适用于最新的 ``PySide6``, ``PyQt6``, ``PySide2`` 或 ``PyQt5`` 发布版。 " +"你也可以将此做法适配到更早的 Qt 版本。 请参阅代码片段中的注释来获取更详细的信息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3607 +msgid "" +"import datetime\n" +"import logging\n" +"import random\n" +"import sys\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"# Deal with minor differences between different Qt packages\n" +"try:\n" +" from PySide6 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.Signal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.Slot\n" +"except ImportError:\n" +" try:\n" +" from PyQt6 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.pyqtSlot\n" +" except ImportError:\n" +" try:\n" +" from PySide2 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.Signal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.Slot\n" +" except ImportError:\n" +" from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.pyqtSlot\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# Signals need to be contained in a QObject or subclass in order to be correctly\n" +"# initialized.\n" +"#\n" +"class Signaller(QtCore.QObject):\n" +" signal = Signal(str, logging.LogRecord)\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# Output to a Qt GUI is only supposed to happen on the main thread. So, this\n" +"# handler is designed to take a slot function which is set up to run in the main\n" +"# thread. In this example, the function takes a string argument which is a\n" +"# formatted log message, and the log record which generated it. The formatted\n" +"# string is just a convenience - you could format a string for output any way\n" +"# you like in the slot function itself.\n" +"#\n" +"# You specify the slot function to do whatever GUI updates you want. The handler\n" +"# doesn't know or care about specific UI elements.\n" +"#\n" +"class QtHandler(logging.Handler):\n" +" def __init__(self, slotfunc, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" self.signaller = Signaller()\n" +" self.signaller.signal.connect(slotfunc)\n" +"\n" +" def emit(self, record):\n" +" s = self.format(record)\n" +" self.signaller.signal.emit(s, record)\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# This example uses QThreads, which means that the threads at the Python level\n" +"# are named something like \"Dummy-1\". The function below gets the Qt name of the\n" +"# current thread.\n" +"#\n" +"def ctname():\n" +" return QtCore.QThread.currentThread().objectName()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# Used to generate random levels for logging.\n" +"#\n" +"LEVELS = (logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL)\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# This worker class represents work that is done in a thread separate to the\n" +"# main thread. The way the thread is kicked off to do work is via a button press\n" +"# that connects to a slot in the worker.\n" +"#\n" +"# Because the default threadName value in the LogRecord isn't much use, we add\n" +"# a qThreadName which contains the QThread name as computed above, and pass that\n" +"# value in an \"extra\" dictionary which is used to update the LogRecord with the\n" +"# QThread name.\n" +"#\n" +"# This example worker just outputs messages sequentially, interspersed with\n" +"# random delays of the order of a few seconds.\n" +"#\n" +"class Worker(QtCore.QObject):\n" +" @Slot()\n" +" def start(self):\n" +" extra = {'qThreadName': ctname() }\n" +" logger.debug('Started work', extra=extra)\n" +" i = 1\n" +" # Let the thread run until interrupted. This allows reasonably clean\n" +" # thread termination.\n" +" while not QtCore.QThread.currentThread().isInterruptionRequested():\n" +" delay = 0.5 + random.random() * 2\n" +" time.sleep(delay)\n" +" try:\n" +" if random.random() < 0.1:\n" +" raise ValueError('Exception raised: %d' % i)\n" +" else:\n" +" level = random.choice(LEVELS)\n" +" logger.log(level, 'Message after delay of %3.1f: %d', delay, i, extra=extra)\n" +" except ValueError as e:\n" +" logger.exception('Failed: %s', e, extra=extra)\n" +" i += 1\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# Implement a simple UI for this cookbook example. This contains:\n" +"#\n" +"# * A read-only text edit window which holds formatted log messages\n" +"# * A button to start work and log stuff in a separate thread\n" +"# * A button to log something from the main thread\n" +"# * A button to clear the log window\n" +"#\n" +"class Window(QtWidgets.QWidget):\n" +"\n" +" COLORS = {\n" +" logging.DEBUG: 'black',\n" +" logging.INFO: 'blue',\n" +" logging.WARNING: 'orange',\n" +" logging.ERROR: 'red',\n" +" logging.CRITICAL: 'purple',\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, app):\n" +" super().__init__()\n" +" self.app = app\n" +" self.textedit = te = QtWidgets.QPlainTextEdit(self)\n" +" # Set whatever the default monospace font is for the platform\n" +" f = QtGui.QFont('nosuchfont')\n" +" if hasattr(f, 'Monospace'):\n" +" f.setStyleHint(f.Monospace)\n" +" else:\n" +" f.setStyleHint(f.StyleHint.Monospace) # for Qt6\n" +" te.setFont(f)\n" +" te.setReadOnly(True)\n" +" PB = QtWidgets.QPushButton\n" +" self.work_button = PB('Start background work', self)\n" +" self.log_button = PB('Log a message at a random level', self)\n" +" self.clear_button = PB('Clear log window', self)\n" +" self.handler = h = QtHandler(self.update_status)\n" +" # Remember to use qThreadName rather than threadName in the format string.\n" +" fs = '%(asctime)s %(qThreadName)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s'\n" +" formatter = logging.Formatter(fs)\n" +" h.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" logger.addHandler(h)\n" +" # Set up to terminate the QThread when we exit\n" +" app.aboutToQuit.connect(self.force_quit)\n" +"\n" +" # Lay out all the widgets\n" +" layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)\n" +" layout.addWidget(te)\n" +" layout.addWidget(self.work_button)\n" +" layout.addWidget(self.log_button)\n" +" layout.addWidget(self.clear_button)\n" +" self.setFixedSize(900, 400)\n" +"\n" +" # Connect the non-worker slots and signals\n" +" self.log_button.clicked.connect(self.manual_update)\n" +" self.clear_button.clicked.connect(self.clear_display)\n" +"\n" +" # Start a new worker thread and connect the slots for the worker\n" +" self.start_thread()\n" +" self.work_button.clicked.connect(self.worker.start)\n" +" # Once started, the button should be disabled\n" +" self.work_button.clicked.connect(lambda : self.work_button.setEnabled(False))\n" +"\n" +" def start_thread(self):\n" +" self.worker = Worker()\n" +" self.worker_thread = QtCore.QThread()\n" +" self.worker.setObjectName('Worker')\n" +" self.worker_thread.setObjectName('WorkerThread') # for qThreadName\n" +" self.worker.moveToThread(self.worker_thread)\n" +" # This will start an event loop in the worker thread\n" +" self.worker_thread.start()\n" +"\n" +" def kill_thread(self):\n" +" # Just tell the worker to stop, then tell it to quit and wait for that\n" +" # to happen\n" +" self.worker_thread.requestInterruption()\n" +" if self.worker_thread.isRunning():\n" +" self.worker_thread.quit()\n" +" self.worker_thread.wait()\n" +" else:\n" +" print('worker has already exited.')\n" +"\n" +" def force_quit(self):\n" +" # For use when the window is closed\n" +" if self.worker_thread.isRunning():\n" +" self.kill_thread()\n" +"\n" +" # The functions below update the UI and run in the main thread because\n" +" # that's where the slots are set up\n" +"\n" +" @Slot(str, logging.LogRecord)\n" +" def update_status(self, status, record):\n" +" color = self.COLORS.get(record.levelno, 'black')\n" +" s = '
%s
' % (color, status)\n" +" self.textedit.appendHtml(s)\n" +"\n" +" @Slot()\n" +" def manual_update(self):\n" +" # This function uses the formatted message passed in, but also uses\n" +" # information from the record to format the message in an appropriate\n" +" # color according to its severity (level).\n" +" level = random.choice(LEVELS)\n" +" extra = {'qThreadName': ctname() }\n" +" logger.log(level, 'Manually logged!', extra=extra)\n" +"\n" +" @Slot()\n" +" def clear_display(self):\n" +" self.textedit.clear()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" QtCore.QThread.currentThread().setObjectName('MainThread')\n" +" logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)\n" +" example = Window(app)\n" +" example.show()\n" +" if hasattr(app, 'exec'):\n" +" rc = app.exec()\n" +" else:\n" +" rc = app.exec_()\n" +" sys.exit(rc)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__=='__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import datetime\n" +"import logging\n" +"import random\n" +"import sys\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"# 处理不同 Qt 包之间的微小差异\n" +"try:\n" +" from PySide6 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.Signal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.Slot\n" +"except ImportError:\n" +" try:\n" +" from PyQt6 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.pyqtSlot\n" +" except ImportError:\n" +" try:\n" +" from PySide2 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.Signal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.Slot\n" +" except ImportError:\n" +" from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets\n" +" Signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal\n" +" Slot = QtCore.pyqtSlot\n" +"\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 信号需要被包含在 QObject 或其子类中以便能够正确地\n" +"# 初始化\n" +"#\n" +"class Signaller(QtCore.QObject):\n" +" signal = Signal(str, logging.LogRecord)\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 输出到 Qt GUI 应当仅发生在主线程中。 因此，本处理器\n" +"# 被设计为接受一个已经设置好运行主线程的槽位函数。\n" +"# 在本示例中，该函数接受一个已格式化的日志消息字符串\n" +"# 参数，以及生成它的日志记录。 已格式化的字符串只是\n" +"# 出于方便考虑 —— 你也可以在槽位函数本身以任意方式\n" +"# 格式化字符串供输出。\n" +"#\n" +"# 你可以指定槽位函数执行任何你想要的 GUI 更新。 处理器\n" +"# 并不知道或关心特定的 UI 元素。\n" +"#\n" +"class QtHandler(logging.Handler):\n" +" def __init__(self, slotfunc, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" self.signaller = Signaller()\n" +" self.signaller.signal.connect(slotfunc)\n" +"\n" +" def emit(self, record):\n" +" s = self.format(record)\n" +" self.signaller.signal.emit(s, record)\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 本示例使用 QThreads，这意味着在 Python 层级中的线程\n" +"# 将为像 \"Dummy-1\" 的名称。 下面的函数将获得当前线程的\n" +"# Qt 名称。\n" +"#\n" +"def ctname():\n" +" return QtCore.QThread.currentThread().objectName()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 用于生成随机的日志记录层级。\n" +"#\n" +"LEVELS = (logging.DEBUG, logging.INFO, logging.WARNING, logging.ERROR,\n" +" logging.CRITICAL)\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 这个工作类代表在一个独立于主线程的线程中完成的工作。\n" +"# 该线程开始执行工作的方式是通过按下一个连接到工作类中\n" +"# 槽位的按钮。\n" +"#\n" +"# 因为 LogRecord 中默认的 threadName 值没有什么用处。\n" +"# 我们增加了一个包含通过上述方式计算的 QThread 的\n" +"# qThreadName，并在一个“额外”字典中传递该值并使用它\n" +"# 将 LogRecord 更新为 QThread 名称。\n" +"#\n" +"# 这个示例工作类将顺序地输出消息，并以数秒的随机延时\n" +"# 进行间隔。\n" +"#\n" +"class Worker(QtCore.QObject):\n" +" @Slot()\n" +" def start(self):\n" +" extra = {'qThreadName': ctname() }\n" +" logger.debug('Started work', extra=extra)\n" +" i = 1\n" +" # 让线程运行直到被中断。 这允许合理并且清晰的\n" +" # 线程终结。\n" +" while not QtCore.QThread.currentThread().isInterruptionRequested():\n" +" delay = 0.5 + random.random() * 2\n" +" time.sleep(delay)\n" +" try:\n" +" if random.random() < 0.1:\n" +" raise ValueError('Exception raised: %d' % i)\n" +" else:\n" +" level = random.choice(LEVELS)\n" +" logger.log(level, 'Message after delay of %3.1f: %d', delay, i, extra=extra)\n" +" except ValueError as e:\n" +" logger.exception('Failed: %s', e, extra=extra)\n" +" i += 1\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 为本专题指南示例实现一个简单的 UI。 其中包含：\n" +"#\n" +"# * 一个只读的文本编辑窗口用以显示已格式化的日志消息\n" +"# * 一个按钮用以开始工作并在单独线程中记录日志内容\n" +"# * 一个按钮用以以记录来自主线程的日志内容\n" +"# * 一个按钮用以清空日志窗口\n" +"#\n" +"class Window(QtWidgets.QWidget):\n" +"\n" +" COLORS = {\n" +" logging.DEBUG: 'black',\n" +" logging.INFO: 'blue',\n" +" logging.WARNING: 'orange',\n" +" logging.ERROR: 'red',\n" +" logging.CRITICAL: 'purple',\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, app):\n" +" super().__init__()\n" +" self.app = app\n" +" self.textedit = te = QtWidgets.QPlainTextEdit(self)\n" +" # 设置系统平台所使用的默认等宽字体\n" +" f = QtGui.QFont('nosuchfont')\n" +" if hasattr(f, 'Monospace'):\n" +" f.setStyleHint(f.Monospace)\n" +" else:\n" +" f.setStyleHint(f.StyleHint.Monospace) # 针对 Qt6\n" +" te.setFont(f)\n" +" te.setReadOnly(True)\n" +" PB = QtWidgets.QPushButton\n" +" self.work_button = PB('Start background work', self)\n" +" self.log_button = PB('Log a message at a random level', self)\n" +" self.clear_button = PB('Clear log window', self)\n" +" self.handler = h = QtHandler(self.update_status)\n" +" # 记得在格式字符串中使用 qThreadName 而非 threadName。\n" +" fs = '%(asctime)s %(qThreadName)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s'\n" +" formatter = logging.Formatter(fs)\n" +" h.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +" logger.addHandler(h)\n" +" # 设置当退出时终结 QThread\n" +" app.aboutToQuit.connect(self.force_quit)\n" +"\n" +" # 对所有控件进行布局\n" +" layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)\n" +" layout.addWidget(te)\n" +" layout.addWidget(self.work_button)\n" +" layout.addWidget(self.log_button)\n" +" layout.addWidget(self.clear_button)\n" +" self.setFixedSize(900, 400)\n" +"\n" +" # 连接非工作槽位和信号\n" +" self.log_button.clicked.connect(self.manual_update)\n" +" self.clear_button.clicked.connect(self.clear_display)\n" +"\n" +" # 启动一个新工作线程并为其连接槽位\n" +" self.start_thread()\n" +" self.work_button.clicked.connect(self.worker.start)\n" +" # 一旦启动，该按钮应当被禁用\n" +" self.work_button.clicked.connect(lambda : self.work_button.setEnabled(False))\n" +"\n" +" def start_thread(self):\n" +" self.worker = Worker()\n" +" self.worker_thread = QtCore.QThread()\n" +" self.worker.setObjectName('Worker')\n" +" self.worker_thread.setObjectName('WorkerThread') # 针对 qThreadName\n" +" self.worker.moveToThread(self.worker_thread)\n" +" # 这将在工作线程中启动一个事件循环\n" +" self.worker_thread.start()\n" +"\n" +" def kill_thread(self):\n" +" # 告知工作线程停止运行，然后告知它退出并等待\n" +" # 后续发生的事件\n" +" self.worker_thread.requestInterruption()\n" +" if self.worker_thread.isRunning():\n" +" self.worker_thread.quit()\n" +" self.worker_thread.wait()\n" +" else:\n" +" print('worker has already exited.')\n" +"\n" +" def force_quit(self):\n" +" # 当窗口被关闭时使用\n" +" if self.worker_thread.isRunning():\n" +" self.kill_thread()\n" +"\n" +" # 下面的函数更新 UI 并在主线程中运行因为槽位是在\n" +" # 那里设置的\n" +"\n" +" @Slot(str, logging.LogRecord)\n" +" def update_status(self, status, record):\n" +" color = self.COLORS.get(record.levelno, 'black')\n" +" s = '
%s
' % (color, status)\n" +" self.textedit.appendHtml(s)\n" +"\n" +" @Slot()\n" +" def manual_update(self):\n" +" # 此函数使用传入的已格式化消息，但也会使用来自\n" +" # 记录的信息根据其严重程度（层级）以适当的颜色\n" +" # 格式化消息。\n" +" level = random.choice(LEVELS)\n" +" extra = {'qThreadName': ctname() }\n" +" logger.log(level, 'Manually logged!', extra=extra)\n" +"\n" +" @Slot()\n" +" def clear_display(self):\n" +" self.textedit.clear()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" QtCore.QThread.currentThread().setObjectName('MainThread')\n" +" logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +" app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)\n" +" example = Window(app)\n" +" example.show()\n" +" if hasattr(app, 'exec'):\n" +" rc = app.exec()\n" +" else:\n" +" rc = app.exec_()\n" +" sys.exit(rc)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__=='__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3839 +msgid "Logging to syslog with RFC5424 support" +msgstr "将日志记录到带有 RFC5424 支持的 syslog" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3841 +msgid "" +"Although :rfc:`5424` dates from 2009, most syslog servers are configured by " +"default to use the older :rfc:`3164`, which hails from 2001. When " +"``logging`` was added to Python in 2003, it supported the earlier (and only " +"existing) protocol at the time. Since RFC5424 came out, as there has not " +"been widespread deployment of it in syslog servers, the " +":class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` functionality has not been updated." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :rfc:`5424` 在 2009 年就已发布，但大多数 syslog 服务器都默认被配置为使用更旧的 :rfc:`3164`，它发布于 " +"2001 年。 当 ``logging`` 在 2003 年被加入 Python 时，它支持了当时（唯一存在的）较早版本的协议。 自从 RFC5424 " +"发布后，因为它还未被广泛部署到 syslog 服务器上，因此 :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` " +"的功能也没有被更新。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3848 +msgid "" +"RFC 5424 contains some useful features such as support for structured data, " +"and if you need to be able to log to a syslog server with support for it, " +"you can do so with a subclassed handler which looks something like this::" +msgstr "" +"RFC 5424 包括一些有用的特性例如对结构化数据的支持等，如果你想要能够将日志记录到带有该协议支持的 syslog " +"服务器上，你可以使用一个看起来像是这样的子类化处理器来实现::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3852 +msgid "" +"import datetime\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import re\n" +"import socket\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class SysLogHandler5424(logging.handlers.SysLogHandler):\n" +"\n" +" tz_offset = re.compile(r'([+-]\\d{2})(\\d{2})$')\n" +" escaped = re.compile(r'([\\]\"\\\\])')\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" self.msgid = kwargs.pop('msgid', None)\n" +" self.appname = kwargs.pop('appname', None)\n" +" super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def format(self, record):\n" +" version = 1\n" +" asctime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(record.created).isoformat()\n" +" m = self.tz_offset.match(time.strftime('%z'))\n" +" has_offset = False\n" +" if m and time.timezone:\n" +" hrs, mins = m.groups()\n" +" if int(hrs) or int(mins):\n" +" has_offset = True\n" +" if not has_offset:\n" +" asctime += 'Z'\n" +" else:\n" +" asctime += f'{hrs}:{mins}'\n" +" try:\n" +" hostname = socket.gethostname()\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" hostname = '-'\n" +" appname = self.appname or '-'\n" +" procid = record.process\n" +" msgid = '-'\n" +" msg = super().format(record)\n" +" sdata = '-'\n" +" if hasattr(record, 'structured_data'):\n" +" sd = record.structured_data\n" +" # This should be a dict where the keys are SD-ID and the value is a\n" +" # dict mapping PARAM-NAME to PARAM-VALUE (refer to the RFC for what these\n" +" # mean)\n" +" # There's no error checking here - it's purely for illustration, and you\n" +" # can adapt this code for use in production environments\n" +" parts = []\n" +"\n" +" def replacer(m):\n" +" g = m.groups()\n" +" return '\\\\' + g[0]\n" +"\n" +" for sdid, dv in sd.items():\n" +" part = f'[{sdid}'\n" +" for k, v in dv.items():\n" +" s = str(v)\n" +" s = self.escaped.sub(replacer, s)\n" +" part += f' {k}=\"{s}\"'\n" +" part += ']'\n" +" parts.append(part)\n" +" sdata = ''.join(parts)\n" +" return f'{version} {asctime} {hostname} {appname} {procid} {msgid} {sdata} {msg}'" +msgstr "" +"import datetime\n" +"import logging.handlers\n" +"import re\n" +"import socket\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"class SysLogHandler5424(logging.handlers.SysLogHandler):\n" +"\n" +" tz_offset = re.compile(r'([+-]\\d{2})(\\d{2})$')\n" +" escaped = re.compile(r'([\\]\"\\\\])')\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n" +" self.msgid = kwargs.pop('msgid', None)\n" +" self.appname = kwargs.pop('appname', None)\n" +" super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def format(self, record):\n" +" version = 1\n" +" asctime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(record.created).isoformat()\n" +" m = self.tz_offset.match(time.strftime('%z'))\n" +" has_offset = False\n" +" if m and time.timezone:\n" +" hrs, mins = m.groups()\n" +" if int(hrs) or int(mins):\n" +" has_offset = True\n" +" if not has_offset:\n" +" asctime += 'Z'\n" +" else:\n" +" asctime += f'{hrs}:{mins}'\n" +" try:\n" +" hostname = socket.gethostname()\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" hostname = '-'\n" +" appname = self.appname or '-'\n" +" procid = record.process\n" +" msgid = '-'\n" +" msg = super().format(record)\n" +" sdata = '-'\n" +" if hasattr(record, 'structured_data'):\n" +" sd = record.structured_data\n" +" # 这应当是一个字典，其中的键为 SD-ID 而值则为\n" +" # 将 PARAM-NAME 映射到 PARAM-VALUE 的字典\n" +" # （请参阅 RFC了解其含义）\n" +" # 这里没有错误检查 —— 它只是作为演示，你可以\n" +" # 调整此代码以在生产环境中使用\n" +" parts = []\n" +"\n" +" def replacer(m):\n" +" g = m.groups()\n" +" return '\\\\' + g[0]\n" +"\n" +" for sdid, dv in sd.items():\n" +" part = f'[{sdid}'\n" +" for k, v in dv.items():\n" +" s = str(v)\n" +" s = self.escaped.sub(replacer, s)\n" +" part += f' {k}=\"{s}\"'\n" +" part += ']'\n" +" parts.append(part)\n" +" sdata = ''.join(parts)\n" +" return f'{version} {asctime} {hostname} {appname} {procid} {msgid} {sdata} {msg}'" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3914 +msgid "" +"You'll need to be familiar with RFC 5424 to fully understand the above code," +" and it may be that you have slightly different needs (e.g. for how you pass" +" structural data to the log). Nevertheless, the above should be adaptable to" +" your speciric needs. With the above handler, you'd pass structured data " +"using something like this::" +msgstr "" +"你需要熟悉 RFC 5424 才能完全理解上面的代码，你还可能会有稍加变化的的需求（例如你要如何将结构化数据记入日志）。 " +"不管怎样，上面的代码应当根据你的特定需求来灵活调整。 通过上面的处理器，你可以使用类似这样的代码来传入结构化数据::" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3919 +msgid "" +"sd = {\n" +" 'foo@12345': {'bar': 'baz', 'baz': 'bozz', 'fizz': r'buzz'},\n" +" 'foo@54321': {'rab': 'baz', 'zab': 'bozz', 'zzif': r'buzz'}\n" +"}\n" +"extra = {'structured_data': sd}\n" +"i = 1\n" +"logger.debug('Message %d', i, extra=extra)" +msgstr "" +"sd = {\n" +" 'foo@12345': {'bar': 'baz', 'baz': 'bozz', 'fizz': r'buzz'},\n" +" 'foo@54321': {'rab': 'baz', 'zab': 'bozz', 'zzif': r'buzz'}\n" +"}\n" +"extra = {'structured_data': sd}\n" +"i = 1\n" +"logger.debug('Message %d', i, extra=extra)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3928 +msgid "How to treat a logger like an output stream" +msgstr "如何将日志记录器作为输出流" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3930 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, you need to interface to a third-party API which expects a file-" +"like object to write to, but you want to direct the API's output to a " +"logger. You can do this using a class which wraps a logger with a file-like " +"API. Here's a short script illustrating such a class:" +msgstr "" +"有时，你需要通过接口访问某个预期要写入到文件型对象第三方 API，但你希望将 API 的输出重定向到一个日志记录器。 你可以使用一个以文件类 API " +"来包装日志记录器的类。 下面是一个演示这样的类的简短脚本:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3935 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class LoggerWriter:\n" +" def __init__(self, logger, level):\n" +" self.logger = logger\n" +" self.level = level\n" +"\n" +" def write(self, message):\n" +" if message != '\\n': # avoid printing bare newlines, if you like\n" +" self.logger.log(self.level, message)\n" +"\n" +" def flush(self):\n" +" # doesn't actually do anything, but might be expected of a file-like\n" +" # object - so optional depending on your situation\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" # doesn't actually do anything, but might be expected of a file-like\n" +" # object - so optional depending on your situation. You might want\n" +" # to set a flag so that later calls to write raise an exception\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('demo')\n" +" info_fp = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.INFO)\n" +" debug_fp = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.DEBUG)\n" +" print('An INFO message', file=info_fp)\n" +" print('A DEBUG message', file=debug_fp)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"class LoggerWriter:\n" +" def __init__(self, logger, level):\n" +" self.logger = logger\n" +" self.level = level\n" +"\n" +" def write(self, message):\n" +" if message != '\\n': # 避免打印空白行，如果你希望如此\n" +" self.logger.log(self.level, message)\n" +"\n" +" def flush(self):\n" +" # 实际上不做任何事，但对文件型对象来说应当提供\n" +" # —— 因此根据你的情况作为可选项\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" # 实际上不做任何事，但对文件型对象来说应当提供\n" +" # —— 因此根据你的情况作为可选项。 你可能会希望\n" +" # 设置一个旗标以便后续的写入调用引发异常\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +" logger = logging.getLogger('demo')\n" +" info_fp = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.INFO)\n" +" debug_fp = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.DEBUG)\n" +" print('An INFO message', file=info_fp)\n" +" print('A DEBUG message', file=debug_fp)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3970 +msgid "When this script is run, it prints" +msgstr "当此脚本运行时，它将打印" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3972 +msgid "" +"INFO:demo:An INFO message\n" +"DEBUG:demo:A DEBUG message" +msgstr "" +"INFO:demo:An INFO message\n" +"DEBUG:demo:A DEBUG message" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3977 +msgid "" +"You could also use ``LoggerWriter`` to redirect ``sys.stdout`` and " +"``sys.stderr`` by doing something like this:" +msgstr "" +"你还可以使用 ``LoggerWriter`` 通过下面这样的做法来重定向 ``sys.stdout`` 和 ``sys.stderr``:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3980 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"sys.stdout = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.INFO)\n" +"sys.stderr = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.WARNING)" +msgstr "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"sys.stdout = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.INFO)\n" +"sys.stderr = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.WARNING)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3987 +msgid "" +"You should do this *after* configuring logging for your needs. In the above " +"example, the :func:`~logging.basicConfig` call does this (using the " +"``sys.stderr`` value *before* it is overwritten by a ``LoggerWriter`` " +"instance). Then, you'd get this kind of result:" +msgstr "" +"你应当在根据需要配置日志记录 *之后* 再这样做。 在上面的例子中，:func:`~logging.basicConfig` 调用执行了此操作（在 " +"``sys.stderr`` 被一个 ``LoggerWriter`` 实例覆盖 *之前* 使用它的值）。 然后，你将得到这样的结果:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:3992 +msgid "" +">>> print('Foo')\n" +"INFO:demo:Foo\n" +">>> print('Bar', file=sys.stderr)\n" +"WARNING:demo:Bar\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> print('Foo')\n" +"INFO:demo:Foo\n" +">>> print('Bar', file=sys.stderr)\n" +"WARNING:demo:Bar\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4000 +msgid "" +"Of course, the examples above show output according to the format used by " +":func:`~logging.basicConfig`, but you can use a different formatter when you" +" configure logging." +msgstr "" +"当然，上面的例子是按照 :func:`~logging.basicConfig` 所使用的格式来显示输出的，但你也可以在配置日志记录时使用其他的格式。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4004 +msgid "" +"Note that with the above scheme, you are somewhat at the mercy of buffering " +"and the sequence of write calls which you are intercepting. For example, " +"with the definition of ``LoggerWriter`` above, if you have the snippet" +msgstr "" +"请注意当使用上面的预置方案时，你将在一定程度上受到你所拦截的写入调用的缓冲和顺序的控制。 例如，在使用上述 ``LoggerWriter`` " +"的定义的情况下，如果你使用代码段" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4008 +msgid "" +"sys.stderr = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.WARNING)\n" +"1 / 0" +msgstr "" +"sys.stderr = LoggerWriter(logger, logging.WARNING)\n" +"1 / 0" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4013 +msgid "then running the script results in" +msgstr "则运行该脚本的结果为" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4015 +msgid "" +"WARNING:demo:Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/test.py\", line 53, in \n" +"\n" +"WARNING:demo:\n" +"WARNING:demo:main()\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/test.py\", line 49, in main\n" +"\n" +"WARNING:demo:\n" +"WARNING:demo:1 / 0\n" +"WARNING:demo:ZeroDivisionError\n" +"WARNING:demo::\n" +"WARNING:demo:division by zero" +msgstr "" +"WARNING:demo:Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/test.py\", line 53, in \n" +"\n" +"WARNING:demo:\n" +"WARNING:demo:main()\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/test.py\", line 49, in main\n" +"\n" +"WARNING:demo:\n" +"WARNING:demo:1 / 0\n" +"WARNING:demo:ZeroDivisionError\n" +"WARNING:demo::\n" +"WARNING:demo:division by zero" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4031 +msgid "" +"As you can see, this output isn't ideal. That's because the underlying code " +"which writes to ``sys.stderr`` makes multiple writes, each of which results " +"in a separate logged line (for example, the last three lines above). To get " +"around this problem, you need to buffer things and only output log lines " +"when newlines are seen. Let's use a slightly better implementation of " +"``LoggerWriter``:" +msgstr "" +"如你所见，这个输出并不很理想。 那是因为下层的写入 ``sys.stderr`` " +"的代码会执行多次写入，每次都将产生一条单独的日志记录行（例如，上面的最后三行）。 要避免这个问题，你需要使用缓冲并且只在看到换行符时才输出日志记录行。 " +"让我们使用一个更好些的 ``LoggerWriter`` 实现：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4037 +msgid "" +"class BufferingLoggerWriter(LoggerWriter):\n" +" def __init__(self, logger, level):\n" +" super().__init__(logger, level)\n" +" self.buffer = ''\n" +"\n" +" def write(self, message):\n" +" if '\\n' not in message:\n" +" self.buffer += message\n" +" else:\n" +" parts = message.split('\\n')\n" +" if self.buffer:\n" +" s = self.buffer + parts.pop(0)\n" +" self.logger.log(self.level, s)\n" +" self.buffer = parts.pop()\n" +" for part in parts:\n" +" self.logger.log(self.level, part)" +msgstr "" +"class BufferingLoggerWriter(LoggerWriter):\n" +" def __init__(self, logger, level):\n" +" super().__init__(logger, level)\n" +" self.buffer = ''\n" +"\n" +" def write(self, message):\n" +" if '\\n' not in message:\n" +" self.buffer += message\n" +" else:\n" +" parts = message.split('\\n')\n" +" if self.buffer:\n" +" s = self.buffer + parts.pop(0)\n" +" self.logger.log(self.level, s)\n" +" self.buffer = parts.pop()\n" +" for part in parts:\n" +" self.logger.log(self.level, part)" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4056 +msgid "" +"This just buffers up stuff until a newline is seen, and then logs complete " +"lines. With this approach, you get better output:" +msgstr "这段代码对内容进行了缓冲直至遇到换行符，然后将完整的行写入日志记录。 通过这种方式，你将得到更好的输出:" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4059 +msgid "" +"WARNING:demo:Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/main.py\", line 55, in \n" +"WARNING:demo: main()\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/main.py\", line 52, in main\n" +"WARNING:demo: 1/0\n" +"WARNING:demo:ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" +msgstr "" +"WARNING:demo:Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/main.py\", line 55, in \n" +"WARNING:demo: main()\n" +"WARNING:demo: File \"/home/runner/cookbook-loggerwriter/main.py\", line 52, in main\n" +"WARNING:demo: 1/0\n" +"WARNING:demo:ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4072 +msgid "Patterns to avoid" +msgstr "理应避免的用法" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4074 +msgid "" +"Although the preceding sections have described ways of doing things you " +"might need to do or deal with, it is worth mentioning some usage patterns " +"which are *unhelpful*, and which should therefore be avoided in most cases. " +"The following sections are in no particular order." +msgstr "" +"前几节虽介绍了几种方案，描述了可能需要处理的操作，但值得一提的是，有些用法是 *没有好处* 的，大多数情况下应该避免使用。下面几节的顺序不分先后。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4080 +msgid "Opening the same log file multiple times" +msgstr "多次打开同一个日志文件" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4082 +msgid "" +"On Windows, you will generally not be able to open the same file multiple " +"times as this will lead to a \"file is in use by another process\" error. " +"However, on POSIX platforms you'll not get any errors if you open the same " +"file multiple times. This could be done accidentally, for example by:" +msgstr "" +"因会导致 \"文件被其他进程占用 \"错误，所以在 Windows 中一般无法多次打开同一个文件。但在 POSIX " +"平台中，多次打开同一个文件不会报任何错误。这种操作可能是意外发生的，比如：" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4087 +msgid "" +"Adding a file handler more than once which references the same file (e.g. by" +" a copy/paste/forget-to-change error)." +msgstr "多次添加指向同一文件的 handler（比如通过复制/粘贴，或忘记修改）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4090 +msgid "" +"Opening two files that look different, as they have different names, but are" +" the same because one is a symbolic link to the other." +msgstr "打开两个貌似不同（文件名不一样）的文件，但一个是另一个的符号链接，所以其实是同一个文件。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4093 +msgid "" +"Forking a process, following which both parent and child have a reference to" +" the same file. This might be through use of the :mod:`multiprocessing` " +"module, for example." +msgstr "" +"进程 fork，然后父进程和子进程都有对同一文件的引用。 例如，这可能是通过使用 :mod:`multiprocessing` 模块实现的。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4097 +msgid "" +"Opening a file multiple times might *appear* to work most of the time, but " +"can lead to a number of problems in practice:" +msgstr "在大多数情况下，多次打开同一个文件 *貌似* 一切正常，但实际会导致很多问题。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4100 +msgid "" +"Logging output can be garbled because multiple threads or processes try to " +"write to the same file. Although logging guards against concurrent use of " +"the same handler instance by multiple threads, there is no such protection " +"if concurrent writes are attempted by two different threads using two " +"different handler instances which happen to point to the same file." +msgstr "" +"由于多个线程或进程会尝试写入同一个文件，日志输出可能会出现乱码。尽管日志对象可以防止多个线程同时使用同一个 handler " +"实例，但如果两个不同的线程使用不同的 handler 实例同时写入文件，而这两个 handler 又恰好指向同一个文件，那么就失去了这种防护。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4106 +msgid "" +"An attempt to delete a file (e.g. during file rotation) silently fails, " +"because there is another reference pointing to it. This can lead to " +"confusion and wasted debugging time - log entries end up in unexpected " +"places, or are lost altogether. Or a file that was supposed to be moved " +"remains in place, and grows in size unexpectedly despite size-based rotation" +" being supposedly in place." +msgstr "" +"尝试删除文件（例如在轮换日志文件时）会静默地失败，因为存在另一个指向它的引用。 这可能导致混乱并浪费调试时间 —— " +"日志条目会出现在意想不到的地方，或者完全丢失。 " +"或者会有应当移除的文件仍然保持存在，文件还会在已经设置了基于文件大小的轮换的情况下仍然增长到预料之外的大小。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4113 +msgid "" +"Use the techniques outlined in :ref:`multiple-processes` to circumvent such " +"issues." +msgstr "请用 :ref:`multiple-processes` 中介绍的技术来避免上述问题。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4117 +msgid "Using loggers as attributes in a class or passing them as parameters" +msgstr "将日志对象用作属性或传递参数" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4119 +msgid "" +"While there might be unusual cases where you'll need to do this, in general " +"there is no point because loggers are singletons. Code can always access a " +"given logger instance by name using ``logging.getLogger(name)``, so passing " +"instances around and holding them as instance attributes is pointless. Note " +"that in other languages such as Java and C#, loggers are often static class " +"attributes. However, this pattern doesn't make sense in Python, where the " +"module (and not the class) is the unit of software decomposition." +msgstr "" +"虽然特殊情况下可能有必要如此，但一般来说没有意义，因为日志是单实例对象。代码总是可以通过 ``logging.getLogger(name)`` " +"用名称访问一个已有的日志对象实例，因此将实例作为参数来传递，或作为属性留存，都是毫无意义的。请注意，在其他语言中，如 Java 和 " +"C#，日志对象通常是静态类属性。但在 Python 中是没有意义的，因为软件拆分的单位是模块（而不是类）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4128 +msgid "" +"Adding handlers other than :class:`~logging.NullHandler` to a logger in a " +"library" +msgstr "为库中的日志记录器添加 :class:`~logging.NullHandler` 以外的处理器" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4130 +msgid "" +"Configuring logging by adding handlers, formatters and filters is the " +"responsibility of the application developer, not the library developer. If " +"you are maintaining a library, ensure that you don't add handlers to any of " +"your loggers other than a :class:`~logging.NullHandler` instance." +msgstr "" +"通过添加 handler、formatter 和 filter " +"来配置日志，这是应用程序开发人员的责任，而不是库开发人员该做的。如果正在维护一个库，请确保不要向任何日志对象添加 " +":class:`~logging.NullHandler` 实例以外的 handler。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4136 +msgid "Creating a lot of loggers" +msgstr "创建大量的日志对象" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4138 +msgid "" +"Loggers are singletons that are never freed during a script execution, and " +"so creating lots of loggers will use up memory which can't then be freed. " +"Rather than create a logger per e.g. file processed or network connection " +"made, use the :ref:`existing mechanisms ` for passing " +"contextual information into your logs and restrict the loggers created to " +"those describing areas within your application (generally modules, but " +"occasionally slightly more fine-grained than that)." +msgstr "" +"日志是单实例对象，在代码执行过程中不会被释放，因此创建大量的日志对象会占用很多内存，而这些内存又不能被释放。与其为每个文件或网络连接创建一个日志，还不如利用" +" :ref:`已有机制 ` " +"将上下文信息传给自定义日志对象，并将创建的日志对象限制在应用程序内的指定区域（通常是模块，但偶尔会再精细些）使用。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4149 +msgid "Other resources" +msgstr "其他资源" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4153 +msgid "Module :mod:`logging`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`logging`" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4154 +msgid "API reference for the logging module." +msgstr "日志记录模块的 API 参考。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4156 +msgid "Module :mod:`logging.config`" +msgstr ":mod:`logging.config` 模块" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4157 +msgid "Configuration API for the logging module." +msgstr "日志记录模块的配置 API 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4159 +msgid "Module :mod:`logging.handlers`" +msgstr ":mod:`logging.handlers` 模块" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4160 +msgid "Useful handlers included with the logging module." +msgstr "日志记录模块附带的有用处理器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4162 +msgid ":ref:`Basic Tutorial `" +msgstr ":ref:`基础教程 `" + +#: ../../howto/logging-cookbook.rst:4164 +msgid ":ref:`Advanced Tutorial `" +msgstr ":ref:`进阶教程 `" diff --git a/howto/logging.po b/howto/logging.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51c28badd --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/logging.po @@ -0,0 +1,2072 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# 欢 王 , 2021 +# Woostundy , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Natasha Li , 2021 +# Yan Gao , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# cdarlint , 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-20 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:5 +msgid "Logging HOWTO" +msgstr "日志指南" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:7 +msgid "Vinay Sajip " +msgstr "Vinay Sajip " + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This page contains tutorial information. For links to reference information " +"and a logging cookbook, please see :ref:`tutorial-ref-links`." +msgstr "本页面包含教学信息。 要获取参考信息和日志记录指导书的链接，请查看 :ref:`tutorial-ref-links`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:17 +msgid "Basic Logging Tutorial" +msgstr "日志基础教程" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Logging is a means of tracking events that happen when some software runs. " +"The software's developer adds logging calls to their code to indicate that " +"certain events have occurred. An event is described by a descriptive message" +" which can optionally contain variable data (i.e. data that is potentially " +"different for each occurrence of the event). Events also have an importance " +"which the developer ascribes to the event; the importance can also be called" +" the *level* or *severity*." +msgstr "" +"日志是对软件执行时所发生事件的一种追踪方式。软件开发人员对他们的代码添加日志调用，借此来指示某事件的发生。一个事件通过一些包含变量数据的描述信息来描述（比如：每个事件发生时的数据都是不同的）。开发者还会区分事件的重要性，重要性也被称为" +" *等级* 或 *严重性*。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:28 +msgid "When to use logging" +msgstr "什么时候使用日志" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:30 +msgid "" +"You can access logging functionality by creating a logger via ``logger = " +"getLogger(__name__)``, and then calling the logger's :meth:`~Logger.debug`, " +":meth:`~Logger.info`, :meth:`~Logger.warning`, :meth:`~Logger.error` and " +":meth:`~Logger.critical` methods. To determine when to use logging, and to " +"see which logger methods to use when, see the table below. It states, for " +"each of a set of common tasks, the best tool to use for that task." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过执行 ``logger = getLogger(__name__)`` 创建一个日志记录器然后调用日志记录器的 " +":meth:`~Logger.debug`, :meth:`~Logger.info`, :meth:`~Logger.warning`, " +":meth:`~Logger.error` 和 :meth:`~Logger.critical` 方法来使用日志记录功能。 " +"要确定何时使用日志记录，以及确定要使用哪个日志记录器方法，请参阅下表。 它针对一组常见任务中的每一个都列出了最适合该任务的工具。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:38 +msgid "Task you want to perform" +msgstr "你想要执行的任务" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:38 +msgid "The best tool for the task" +msgstr "此任务最好的工具" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Display console output for ordinary usage of a command line script or " +"program" +msgstr "对于命令行或程序的应用，结果显示在控制台。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:40 +msgid ":func:`print`" +msgstr ":func:`print`" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Report events that occur during normal operation of a program (e.g. for " +"status monitoring or fault investigation)" +msgstr "在对程序的普通操作发生时提交事件报告(比如：状态监控和错误调查)" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:44 +msgid "" +"A logger's :meth:`~Logger.info` (or :meth:`~Logger.debug` method for very " +"detailed output for diagnostic purposes)" +msgstr "" +"日志记录器的 :meth:`~Logger.info` (或者对于诊断目的需要非常详细的输出时则使用 :meth:`~Logger.debug` 方法)" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:49 +msgid "Issue a warning regarding a particular runtime event" +msgstr "提出一个警告信息基于一个特殊的运行时事件" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:49 +msgid "" +":func:`warnings.warn` in library code if the issue is avoidable and the " +"client application should be modified to eliminate the warning" +msgstr ":func:`warnings.warn` 位于代码库中，该事件是可以避免的，需要修改客户端应用以消除告警" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:54 +msgid "" +"A logger's :meth:`~Logger.warning` method if there is nothing the client " +"application can do about the situation, but the event should still be noted" +msgstr "对于客户端应用无法干预，但事件仍然需要被关注的场合则使用日志记录器的 :meth:`~Logger.warning` 方法" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:60 +msgid "Report an error regarding a particular runtime event" +msgstr "对一个特殊的运行时事件报告错误" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:60 +msgid "Raise an exception" +msgstr "引发异常" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Report suppression of an error without raising an exception (e.g. error " +"handler in a long-running server process)" +msgstr "报告错误而不引发异常(如在长时间运行中的服务端进程的错误处理)" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:63 +msgid "" +"A logger's :meth:`~Logger.error`, :meth:`~Logger.exception` or " +":meth:`~Logger.critical` method as appropriate for the specific error and " +"application domain" +msgstr "" +"日志记录器的 :meth:`~Logger.error`, :meth:`~Logger.exception` 或 " +":meth:`~Logger.critical` 方法分别适用于特定的错误及应用领域" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:70 +msgid "" +"The logger methods are named after the level or severity of the events they " +"are used to track. The standard levels and their applicability are described" +" below (in increasing order of severity):" +msgstr "日志记录器方法以它们所追踪的事件级别或严重程度来命名。 标准的级别及其适用性如下所述（严重程序从低至高）：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:77 ../../howto/logging.rst:875 +msgid "Level" +msgstr "级别" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:77 +msgid "When it's used" +msgstr "何时使用" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:79 ../../howto/logging.rst:885 +msgid "``DEBUG``" +msgstr "``DEBUG``" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Detailed information, typically of interest only when diagnosing problems." +msgstr "细节信息，仅当诊断问题时适用。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:82 ../../howto/logging.rst:883 +msgid "``INFO``" +msgstr "``INFO``" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:82 +msgid "Confirmation that things are working as expected." +msgstr "确认程序按预期运行。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:85 ../../howto/logging.rst:881 +msgid "``WARNING``" +msgstr "``WARNING``" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:85 +msgid "" +"An indication that something unexpected happened, or indicative of some " +"problem in the near future (e.g. 'disk space low'). The software is still " +"working as expected." +msgstr "表明有已经或即将发生的意外（例如：磁盘空间不足）。程序仍按预期进行。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:90 ../../howto/logging.rst:879 +msgid "``ERROR``" +msgstr "``ERROR``" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Due to a more serious problem, the software has not been able to perform " +"some function." +msgstr "由于严重的问题，程序的某些功能已经不能正常执行" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:93 ../../howto/logging.rst:877 +msgid "``CRITICAL``" +msgstr "``CRITICAL``" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:93 +msgid "" +"A serious error, indicating that the program itself may be unable to " +"continue running." +msgstr "严重的错误，表明程序已不能继续执行" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:97 +msgid "" +"The default level is ``WARNING``, which means that only events of this " +"severity and higher will be tracked, unless the logging package is " +"configured to do otherwise." +msgstr "默认的级别是 ``WARNING``，意味着只会追踪该严重程度及以上的事件，除非 logging 包另有其他配置。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Events that are tracked can be handled in different ways. The simplest way " +"of handling tracked events is to print them to the console. Another common " +"way is to write them to a disk file." +msgstr "所追踪事件可以以不同形式处理。最简单的方式是输出到控制台。另一种常用的方式是写入磁盘文件。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:108 +msgid "A simple example" +msgstr "一个简单的例子" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:110 +msgid "A very simple example is::" +msgstr "一个非常简单的例子::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:112 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.warning('Watch out!') # will print a message to the console\n" +"logging.info('I told you so') # will not print anything" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.warning('Watch out!') # 将打印一条消息到控制台\n" +"logging.info('I told you so') # 将不打印任何消息" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:116 +msgid "If you type these lines into a script and run it, you'll see:" +msgstr "如果你在命令行中输入这些代码并运行，你将会看到：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:118 +msgid "WARNING:root:Watch out!" +msgstr "WARNING:root:Watch out!" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:122 +msgid "" +"printed out on the console. The ``INFO`` message doesn't appear because the " +"default level is ``WARNING``. The printed message includes the indication of" +" the level and the description of the event provided in the logging call, " +"i.e. 'Watch out!'. The actual output can be formatted quite flexibly if you " +"need that; formatting options will also be explained later." +msgstr "" +"在控制台上打印出来。 ``INFO`` 消息没有出现是因为默认级别为 ``WARNING``。 " +"打印的消息包括在日志记录调用中提供的事件级别和描述信息，例如 'Watch out!'。 " +"实际输出可以按你的需要相当灵活地格式化；格式化选项也将在后文中进行说明。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Notice that in this example, we use functions directly on the ``logging`` " +"module, like ``logging.debug``, rather than creating a logger and calling " +"functions on it. These functions operation on the root logger, but can be " +"useful as they will call :func:`~logging.basicConfig` for you if it has not " +"been called yet, like in this example. In larger programs you'll usually " +"want to control the logging configuration explicitly however - so for that " +"reason as well as others, it's better to create loggers and call their " +"methods." +msgstr "" +"请注意在这个例子中，我们是直接使用 ``logging`` 模块的函数，比如 ``logging.debug``，而不是创建一个日志记录器并调用其方法。" +" 这些函数是在根日志记录器上操作的，但它们在未被调用时将会调用 :func:`~logging.basicConfig` " +"来发挥作用，就像在这个例子中那样。 然而在更大的程序中你通常会需要显式地控制日志记录的配置 —— " +"所以出于这样那样的理由，最好还是创建日志记录器并调用其方法。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:137 +msgid "Logging to a file" +msgstr "记录日志到文件" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:139 +msgid "" +"A very common situation is that of recording logging events in a file, so " +"let's look at that next. Be sure to try the following in a newly started " +"Python interpreter, and don't just continue from the session described " +"above::" +msgstr "" +"一种很常见的情况是将日志事件记录到文件中，下面让我们来看这个问题。 请确认在一个新启动的 Python " +"解释器中尝试以下操作，而非在上面描述的会话中继续::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:143 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', encoding='utf-8', level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +"logger.debug('This message should go to the log file')\n" +"logger.info('So should this')\n" +"logger.warning('And this, too')\n" +"logger.error('And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n" +"logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', encoding='utf-8', level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +"logger.debug('This message should go to the log file')\n" +"logger.info('So should this')\n" +"logger.warning('And this, too')\n" +"logger.error('And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö')" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:151 +msgid "" +"The *encoding* argument was added. In earlier Python versions, or if not " +"specified, the encoding used is the default value used by :func:`open`. " +"While not shown in the above example, an *errors* argument can also now be " +"passed, which determines how encoding errors are handled. For available " +"values and the default, see the documentation for :func:`open`." +msgstr "" +"增加了 *encoding* 参数。在更早的 Python 版本中或没有指定时，编码会用 :func:`open` " +"使用的默认值。尽管在上面的例子中没有展示，但也可以传入一个决定如何处理编码错误的 *errors* 参数。可使用的值和默认值，请参照 " +":func:`open` 的文档。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:158 +msgid "" +"And now if we open the file and look at what we have, we should find the log" +" messages:" +msgstr "现在，如果我们打开日志文件，我们应当能看到日志信息：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:161 +msgid "" +"DEBUG:__main__:This message should go to the log file\n" +"INFO:__main__:So should this\n" +"WARNING:__main__:And this, too\n" +"ERROR:__main__:And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö" +msgstr "" +"DEBUG:__main__:This message should go to the log file\n" +"INFO:__main__:So should this\n" +"WARNING:__main__:And this, too\n" +"ERROR:__main__:And non-ASCII stuff, too, like Øresund and Malmö" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:168 +msgid "" +"This example also shows how you can set the logging level which acts as the " +"threshold for tracking. In this case, because we set the threshold to " +"``DEBUG``, all of the messages were printed." +msgstr "该示例同样展示了如何设置日志追踪级别的阈值。该示例中，由于我们设置的阈值是 ``DEBUG``，所有信息都将被打印。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:172 +msgid "" +"If you want to set the logging level from a command-line option such as:" +msgstr "如果你想从命令行设置日志级别，例如：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:174 +msgid "--log=INFO" +msgstr "--log=INFO" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:178 +msgid "" +"and you have the value of the parameter passed for ``--log`` in some " +"variable *loglevel*, you can use::" +msgstr "并且你将 ``--log`` 命令的参数存进了变量 *loglevel*，你可以用：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:181 +msgid "getattr(logging, loglevel.upper())" +msgstr "getattr(logging, loglevel.upper())" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:183 +msgid "" +"to get the value which you'll pass to :func:`basicConfig` via the *level* " +"argument. You may want to error check any user input value, perhaps as in " +"the following example::" +msgstr "获取要通过 *level* 参数传给 :func:`basicConfig` 的值。可如下对用户输入值进行错误检查：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:187 +msgid "" +"# assuming loglevel is bound to the string value obtained from the\n" +"# command line argument. Convert to upper case to allow the user to\n" +"# specify --log=DEBUG or --log=debug\n" +"numeric_level = getattr(logging, loglevel.upper(), None)\n" +"if not isinstance(numeric_level, int):\n" +" raise ValueError('Invalid log level: %s' % loglevel)\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=numeric_level, ...)" +msgstr "" +"# 假定 loglevel 绑定到从命令行参数获取的字符串值。\n" +"# 转换为大写形式以允许用户指定 --log=DEBUG 或 --log=debug\n" +"numeric_level = getattr(logging, loglevel.upper(), None)\n" +"if not isinstance(numeric_level, int):\n" +" raise ValueError('Invalid log level: %s' % loglevel)\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=numeric_level, ...)" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The call to :func:`basicConfig` should come *before* any calls to a logger's" +" methods such as :meth:`~Logger.debug`, :meth:`~Logger.info`, etc. " +"Otherwise, that logging event may not be handled in the desired manner." +msgstr "" +"对 :func:`basicConfig` 的调用应当在任何对日志记录器方法的调用如 :meth:`~Logger.debug`, " +":meth:`~Logger.info` 等 *之前* 执行。 否则，日志记录事件可能无法以预期的方式来处理。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:199 +msgid "" +"If you run the above script several times, the messages from successive runs" +" are appended to the file *example.log*. If you want each run to start " +"afresh, not remembering the messages from earlier runs, you can specify the " +"*filemode* argument, by changing the call in the above example to::" +msgstr "" +"如果多次运行上述脚本，则连续运行的消息将追加到文件 *example.log* 。 " +"如果你希望每次运行重新开始，而不是记住先前运行的消息，则可以通过将上例中的调用更改为来指定 *filemode* 参数::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:204 +msgid "" +"logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', filemode='w', " +"level=logging.DEBUG)" +msgstr "" +"logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', filemode='w', " +"level=logging.DEBUG)" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:206 +msgid "" +"The output will be the same as before, but the log file is no longer " +"appended to, so the messages from earlier runs are lost." +msgstr "输出将与之前相同，但不再追加进日志文件，因此早期运行的消息将丢失。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:211 +msgid "Logging variable data" +msgstr "记录变量数据" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:213 +msgid "" +"To log variable data, use a format string for the event description message " +"and append the variable data as arguments. For example::" +msgstr "要记录变量数据，请使用格式字符串作为事件描述消息，并附加传入变量数据作为参数。 例如::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:216 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.warning('%s before you %s', 'Look', 'leap!')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.warning('%s before you %s', 'Look', 'leap!')" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:219 +msgid "will display:" +msgstr "将显示：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:221 +msgid "WARNING:root:Look before you leap!" +msgstr "WARNING:root:Look before you leap!" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:225 +msgid "" +"As you can see, merging of variable data into the event description message " +"uses the old, %-style of string formatting. This is for backwards " +"compatibility: the logging package pre-dates newer formatting options such " +"as :meth:`str.format` and :class:`string.Template`. These newer formatting " +"options *are* supported, but exploring them is outside the scope of this " +"tutorial: see :ref:`formatting-styles` for more information." +msgstr "" +"如你所见，将可变数据合并到事件描述消息中使用旧的 %-s形式的字符串格式化。 这是为了向后兼容：logging 包的出现时间早于较新的格式化选项例如 " +":meth:`str.format` 和 :class:`string.Template`。 这些较新格式化选项 *是* " +"受支持的，但探索它们超出了本教程的范围：有关详细信息，请参阅 :ref:`formatting-styles`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:234 +msgid "Changing the format of displayed messages" +msgstr "更改显示消息的格式" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:236 +msgid "" +"To change the format which is used to display messages, you need to specify " +"the format you want to use::" +msgstr "要更改用于显示消息的格式，你需要指定要使用的格式::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:239 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s:%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +"logging.debug('This message should appear on the console')\n" +"logging.info('So should this')\n" +"logging.warning('And this, too')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s:%(message)s', level=logging.DEBUG)\n" +"logging.debug('This message should appear on the console')\n" +"logging.info('So should this')\n" +"logging.warning('And this, too')" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:245 +msgid "which would print:" +msgstr "这将输出：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:247 +msgid "" +"DEBUG:This message should appear on the console\n" +"INFO:So should this\n" +"WARNING:And this, too" +msgstr "" +"DEBUG:This message should appear on the console\n" +"INFO:So should this\n" +"WARNING:And this, too" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Notice that the 'root' which appeared in earlier examples has disappeared. " +"For a full set of things that can appear in format strings, you can refer to" +" the documentation for :ref:`logrecord-attributes`, but for simple usage, " +"you just need the *levelname* (severity), *message* (event description, " +"including variable data) and perhaps to display when the event occurred. " +"This is described in the next section." +msgstr "" +"注意在前面例子中出现的 “root” 已消失。文档 :ref:`logrecord-attributes` " +"列出了可在格式字符串中出现的所有内容，但在简单的使用场景中，你只需要 *levelname* （严重性）、*message* " +"（事件描述，包含可变的数据）或许再加上事件发生的时间。 这将在下一节中介绍。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:262 +msgid "Displaying the date/time in messages" +msgstr "在消息中显示日期/时间" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:264 +msgid "" +"To display the date and time of an event, you would place '%(asctime)s' in " +"your format string::" +msgstr "要显示事件的日期和时间，你可以在格式字符串中放置 '%(asctime)s' ::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:267 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s')\n" +"logging.warning('is when this event was logged.')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s')\n" +"logging.warning('is when this event was logged.')" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:271 +msgid "which should print something like this:" +msgstr "应该打印这样的东西：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:273 +msgid "2010-12-12 11:41:42,612 is when this event was logged." +msgstr "2010-12-12 11:41:42,612 is when this event was logged." + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:277 +msgid "" +"The default format for date/time display (shown above) is like ISO8601 or " +":rfc:`3339`. If you need more control over the formatting of the date/time, " +"provide a *datefmt* argument to ``basicConfig``, as in this example::" +msgstr "" +"日期/时间显示的默认格式（如上所示）类似于 ISO8601 或 :rfc:`3339` 。 如果你需要更多地控制日期/时间的格式，请为 " +"``basicConfig`` 提供 *datefmt* 参数，如下例所示::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:281 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', datefmt='%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p')\n" +"logging.warning('is when this event was logged.')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', datefmt='%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p')\n" +"logging.warning('is when this event was logged.')" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:285 +msgid "which would display something like this:" +msgstr "这会显示如下内容：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:287 +msgid "12/12/2010 11:46:36 AM is when this event was logged." +msgstr "12/12/2010 11:46:36 AM is when this event was logged." + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:291 +msgid "" +"The format of the *datefmt* argument is the same as supported by " +":func:`time.strftime`." +msgstr "*datefmt* 参数的格式与 :func:`time.strftime` 支持的格式相同。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:296 +msgid "Next Steps" +msgstr "后续步骤" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:298 +msgid "" +"That concludes the basic tutorial. It should be enough to get you up and " +"running with logging. There's a lot more that the logging package offers, " +"but to get the best out of it, you'll need to invest a little more of your " +"time in reading the following sections. If you're ready for that, grab some " +"of your favourite beverage and carry on." +msgstr "" +"基本教程到此结束。 它应该足以让你启动并运行日志记录。 logging 包提供了更多功能，但为了充分利用它，你需要花更多的时间来阅读以下部分。 " +"如果你准备好了，可以拿一些你最喜欢的饮料然后继续。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:304 +msgid "" +"If your logging needs are simple, then use the above examples to incorporate" +" logging into your own scripts, and if you run into problems or don't " +"understand something, please post a question on the comp.lang.python Usenet " +"group (available at https://groups.google.com/g/comp.lang.python) and you " +"should receive help before too long." +msgstr "" +"如果你的日志记录需要很简单，那就使用上述的示例将日志记录整合到你自己的脚本中，如果你遇到问题或有不理解的地方，请在 comp.lang.python " +"Usenet 群组发帖提问（访问 https://groups.google.com/g/comp.lang.python " +"即可），你应该能在不久之后获得帮助。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Still here? You can carry on reading the next few sections, which provide a " +"slightly more advanced/in-depth tutorial than the basic one above. After " +"that, you can take a look at the :ref:`logging-cookbook`." +msgstr "" +"还不够？ 你可以继续阅读接下来的几个部分，这些部分提供了比上面基本部分更高级或深入的教程。 之后，你可以看一下 :ref:`logging-" +"cookbook` 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:318 +msgid "Advanced Logging Tutorial" +msgstr "进阶日志教程" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:320 +msgid "" +"The logging library takes a modular approach and offers several categories " +"of components: loggers, handlers, filters, and formatters." +msgstr "日志库采用模块化方法，并提供几类组件：记录器、处理器、过滤器和格式器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:323 +msgid "Loggers expose the interface that application code directly uses." +msgstr "记录器暴露了应用程序代码直接使用的接口。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Handlers send the log records (created by loggers) to the appropriate " +"destination." +msgstr "处理器将日志记录（由记录器创建）发送到适当的目标。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Filters provide a finer grained facility for determining which log records " +"to output." +msgstr "过滤器提供了更细粒度的功能，用于确定要输出的日志记录。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:328 +msgid "Formatters specify the layout of log records in the final output." +msgstr "格式器指定最终输出中日志记录的样式。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:330 +msgid "" +"Log event information is passed between loggers, handlers, filters and " +"formatters in a :class:`LogRecord` instance." +msgstr "日志事件信息在 :class:`LogRecord` 实例中的记录器、处理器、过滤器和格式器之间传递。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:333 +msgid "" +"Logging is performed by calling methods on instances of the :class:`Logger` " +"class (hereafter called :dfn:`loggers`). Each instance has a name, and they " +"are conceptually arranged in a namespace hierarchy using dots (periods) as " +"separators. For example, a logger named 'scan' is the parent of loggers " +"'scan.text', 'scan.html' and 'scan.pdf'. Logger names can be anything you " +"want, and indicate the area of an application in which a logged message " +"originates." +msgstr "" +"通过调用 :class:`Logger` 类（以下称为 :dfn:`loggers` ， 记录器）的实例来执行日志记录。 " +"每个实例都有一个名称，它们在概念上以点（句点）作为分隔符排列在命名空间的层次结构中。 例如，名为 'scan' 的记录器是记录器 'scan.text'" +" ，'scan.html' 和 'scan.pdf' 的父级。 记录器名称可以是你想要的任何名称，并指示记录消息源自的应用程序区域。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:340 +msgid "" +"A good convention to use when naming loggers is to use a module-level " +"logger, in each module which uses logging, named as follows::" +msgstr "在命名记录器时使用的一个好习惯是在每个使用日志记录的模块中使用模块级记录器，命名如下::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:343 +msgid "logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)" +msgstr "logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:345 +msgid "" +"This means that logger names track the package/module hierarchy, and it's " +"intuitively obvious where events are logged just from the logger name." +msgstr "这意味着记录器名称跟踪包或模块的层次结构，并且直观地从记录器名称显示记录事件的位置。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:348 +msgid "" +"The root of the hierarchy of loggers is called the root logger. That's the " +"logger used by the functions :func:`debug`, :func:`info`, :func:`warning`, " +":func:`error` and :func:`critical`, which just call the same-named method of" +" the root logger. The functions and the methods have the same signatures. " +"The root logger's name is printed as 'root' in the logged output." +msgstr "" +"记录器层次结构的根称为根记录器。 这是函数 :func:`debug` 、 :func:`info` 、 :func:`warning` 、 " +":func:`error` 和 :func:`critical` 使用的记录器，它们就是调用了根记录器的同名方法。 函数和方法具有相同的签名。 " +"根记录器的名称在输出中打印为 'root' 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:354 +msgid "" +"It is, of course, possible to log messages to different destinations. " +"Support is included in the package for writing log messages to files, HTTP " +"GET/POST locations, email via SMTP, generic sockets, queues, or OS-specific " +"logging mechanisms such as syslog or the Windows NT event log. Destinations " +"are served by :dfn:`handler` classes. You can create your own log " +"destination class if you have special requirements not met by any of the " +"built-in handler classes." +msgstr "" +"当然，可以将消息记录到不同的地方。 软件包中的支持包含，用于将日志消息写入文件、 HTTP GET/POST 位置、通过 SMTP " +"发送电子邮件、通用套接字、队列或特定于操作系统的日志记录机制（如 syslog 或 Windows NT 事件日志）。 目标由 " +":dfn:`handler` 类提供。 如果你有任何内置处理器类未满足的特殊要求，则可以创建自己的日志目标类。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:361 +msgid "" +"By default, no destination is set for any logging messages. You can specify " +"a destination (such as console or file) by using :func:`basicConfig` as in " +"the tutorial examples. If you call the functions :func:`debug`, " +":func:`info`, :func:`warning`, :func:`error` and :func:`critical`, they will" +" check to see if no destination is set; and if one is not set, they will set" +" a destination of the console (``sys.stderr``) and a default format for the " +"displayed message before delegating to the root logger to do the actual " +"message output." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，没有为任何日志消息设置目标。 你可以使用 :func:`basicConfig` 指定目标（例如控制台或文件），如教程示例中所示。 " +"如果你调用函数 :func:`debug` 、 :func:`info` 、 :func:`warning` 、 :func:`error` 和 " +":func:`critical` ，它们将检查是否有设置目标；如果没有设置，将在委托给根记录器进行实际的消息输出之前设置目标为控制台（ " +"``sys.stderr`` ）并设置显示消息的默认格式。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:369 +msgid "The default format set by :func:`basicConfig` for messages is:" +msgstr "由 :func:`basicConfig` 设置的消息默认格式为：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:371 +msgid "severity:logger name:message" +msgstr "严重等级:日志记录器名称:消息" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:375 +msgid "" +"You can change this by passing a format string to :func:`basicConfig` with " +"the *format* keyword argument. For all options regarding how a format string" +" is constructed, see :ref:`formatter-objects`." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过使用 *format* 参数将格式字符串传递给 :func:`basicConfig` 来更改此设置。有关如何构造格式字符串的所有选项，请参阅" +" :ref:`formatter-objects` 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:380 +msgid "Logging Flow" +msgstr "记录流程" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:382 +msgid "" +"The flow of log event information in loggers and handlers is illustrated in " +"the following diagram." +msgstr "记录器和处理器中的日志事件信息流程如下图所示。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:433 +msgid "Loggers" +msgstr "记录器" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:435 +msgid "" +":class:`Logger` objects have a threefold job. First, they expose several " +"methods to application code so that applications can log messages at " +"runtime. Second, logger objects determine which log messages to act upon " +"based upon severity (the default filtering facility) or filter objects. " +"Third, logger objects pass along relevant log messages to all interested log" +" handlers." +msgstr "" +":class:`Logger` " +"对象有三重任务。首先，它们向应用程序代码公开了几种方法，以便应用程序可以在运行时记录消息。其次，记录器对象根据严重性（默认过滤工具）或过滤器对象确定要处理的日志消息。第三，记录器对象将相关的日志消息传递给所有感兴趣的日志处理器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The most widely used methods on logger objects fall into two categories: " +"configuration and message sending." +msgstr "记录器对象上使用最广泛的方法分为两类：配置和消息发送。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:444 +msgid "These are the most common configuration methods:" +msgstr "这些是最常见的配置方法：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:446 +msgid "" +":meth:`Logger.setLevel` specifies the lowest-severity log message a logger " +"will handle, where debug is the lowest built-in severity level and critical " +"is the highest built-in severity. For example, if the severity level is " +"INFO, the logger will handle only INFO, WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL " +"messages and will ignore DEBUG messages." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Logger.setLevel` 指定记录器将处理的最低严重性日志消息，其中 debug 是最低内置严重性级别， critical " +"是最高内置严重性级别。 例如，如果严重性级别为 INFO ，则记录器将仅处理 INFO 、 WARNING 、 ERROR 和 CRITICAL " +"消息，并将忽略 DEBUG 消息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:452 +msgid "" +":meth:`Logger.addHandler` and :meth:`Logger.removeHandler` add and remove " +"handler objects from the logger object. Handlers are covered in more detail" +" in :ref:`handler-basic`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Logger.addHandler` 和 :meth:`Logger.removeHandler` " +"从记录器对象中添加和删除处理器对象。处理器在以下内容中有更详细的介绍 :ref:`handler-basic` 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:456 +msgid "" +":meth:`Logger.addFilter` and :meth:`Logger.removeFilter` add and remove " +"filter objects from the logger object. Filters are covered in more detail " +"in :ref:`filter`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Logger.addFilter` 和 :meth:`Logger.removeFilter` 可以添加或移除记录器对象中的过滤器。 " +":ref:`filter` 包含更多的过滤器细节。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:460 +msgid "" +"You don't need to always call these methods on every logger you create. See " +"the last two paragraphs in this section." +msgstr "你不需要总是在你创建的每个记录器上都调用这些方法。 请参阅本节的最后两段。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:463 +msgid "" +"With the logger object configured, the following methods create log " +"messages:" +msgstr "配置记录器对象后，以下方法将创建日志消息：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:465 +msgid "" +":meth:`Logger.debug`, :meth:`Logger.info`, :meth:`Logger.warning`, " +":meth:`Logger.error`, and :meth:`Logger.critical` all create log records " +"with a message and a level that corresponds to their respective method " +"names. The message is actually a format string, which may contain the " +"standard string substitution syntax of ``%s``, ``%d``, ``%f``, and so on. " +"The rest of their arguments is a list of objects that correspond with the " +"substitution fields in the message. With regard to ``**kwargs``, the " +"logging methods care only about a keyword of ``exc_info`` and use it to " +"determine whether to log exception information." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Logger.debug` 、 :meth:`Logger.info` 、 :meth:`Logger.warning` 、 " +":meth:`Logger.error` 和 :meth:`Logger.critical` " +"都创建日志记录，包含消息和与其各自方法名称对应的级别。该消息实际上是一个格式化字符串，它可能包含标题字符串替换语法 ``%s`` 、 ``%d`` 、 " +"``%f`` 等等。其余参数是与消息中的替换字段对应的对象列表。关于 ``**kwargs`` ，日志记录方法只关注 ``exc_info`` " +"的关键字，并用它来确定是否记录异常信息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:475 +msgid "" +":meth:`Logger.exception` creates a log message similar to " +":meth:`Logger.error`. The difference is that :meth:`Logger.exception` dumps" +" a stack trace along with it. Call this method only from an exception " +"handler." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Logger.exception` 创建与 :meth:`Logger.error` 相似的日志信息。 不同之处是， " +":meth:`Logger.exception` 同时还记录当前的堆栈追踪。仅从异常处理程序调用此方法。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:479 +msgid "" +":meth:`Logger.log` takes a log level as an explicit argument. This is a " +"little more verbose for logging messages than using the log level " +"convenience methods listed above, but this is how to log at custom log " +"levels." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Logger.log` " +"将日志级别作为显式参数。对于记录消息而言，这比使用上面列出的日志级别便利方法更加冗长，但这是使用自定义日志级别的方法。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:483 +msgid "" +":func:`getLogger` returns a reference to a logger instance with the " +"specified name if it is provided, or ``root`` if not. The names are period-" +"separated hierarchical structures. Multiple calls to :func:`getLogger` with" +" the same name will return a reference to the same logger object. Loggers " +"that are further down in the hierarchical list are children of loggers " +"higher up in the list. For example, given a logger with a name of ``foo``, " +"loggers with names of ``foo.bar``, ``foo.bar.baz``, and ``foo.bam`` are all " +"descendants of ``foo``." +msgstr "" +":func:`getLogger` 返回对具有指定名称的记录器实例的引用（如果已提供），或者如果没有则返回 ``root`` " +"。名称是以句点分隔的层次结构。多次调用 :func:`getLogger` " +"具有相同的名称将返回对同一记录器对象的引用。在分层列表中较低的记录器是列表中较高的记录器的子项。例如，给定一个名为 ``foo`` 的记录器，名称为 " +"``foo.bar`` 、 ``foo.bar.baz`` 和 ``foo.bam`` 的记录器都是 ``foo`` 子项。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:491 +msgid "" +"Loggers have a concept of *effective level*. If a level is not explicitly " +"set on a logger, the level of its parent is used instead as its effective " +"level. If the parent has no explicit level set, *its* parent is examined, " +"and so on - all ancestors are searched until an explicitly set level is " +"found. The root logger always has an explicit level set (``WARNING`` by " +"default). When deciding whether to process an event, the effective level of " +"the logger is used to determine whether the event is passed to the logger's " +"handlers." +msgstr "" +"记录器具有 *有效等级* 的概念。如果未在记录器上显式设置级别，则使用其父记录器的级别作为其有效级别。如果父记录器没有明确的级别设置，则检查 *其* " +"父级。依此类推，搜索所有上级元素，直到找到明确设置的级别。根记录器始终具有明确的级别配置（默认情况下为 ``WARNING`` " +"）。在决定是否处理事件时，记录器的有效级别用于确定事件是否传递给记录器相关的处理器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:499 +msgid "" +"Child loggers propagate messages up to the handlers associated with their " +"ancestor loggers. Because of this, it is unnecessary to define and configure" +" handlers for all the loggers an application uses. It is sufficient to " +"configure handlers for a top-level logger and create child loggers as " +"needed. (You can, however, turn off propagation by setting the *propagate* " +"attribute of a logger to ``False``.)" +msgstr "" +"子记录器将消息传播到与其父级记录器关联的处理器。因此，不必为应用程序使用的所有记录器定义和配置处理器。一般为顶级记录器配置处理器，再根据需要创建子记录器就足够了。（但是，你可以通过将记录器的" +" *propagate* 属性设置为 ``False`` 来关闭传播。）" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:510 +msgid "Handlers" +msgstr "处理器" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:512 +msgid "" +":class:`~logging.Handler` objects are responsible for dispatching the " +"appropriate log messages (based on the log messages' severity) to the " +"handler's specified destination. :class:`Logger` objects can add zero or " +"more handler objects to themselves with an :meth:`~Logger.addHandler` " +"method. As an example scenario, an application may want to send all log " +"messages to a log file, all log messages of error or higher to stdout, and " +"all messages of critical to an email address. This scenario requires three " +"individual handlers where each handler is responsible for sending messages " +"of a specific severity to a specific location." +msgstr "" +":class:`~logging.Handler` 对象负责将适当的日志消息（基于日志消息的严重性）分派给处理器的指定目标。 " +":class:`Logger` 对象可以使用 :meth:`~Logger.addHandler` " +"方法向自己添加零个或多个处理器对象。作为示例场景，应用程序可能希望将所有日志消息发送到日志文件，将错误或更高的所有日志消息发送到标准输出，以及将所有关键消息发送至一个邮件地址。" +" 此方案需要三个单独的处理器，其中每个处理器负责将特定严重性的消息发送到特定位置。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:522 +msgid "" +"The standard library includes quite a few handler types (see :ref:`useful-" +"handlers`); the tutorials use mainly :class:`StreamHandler` and " +":class:`FileHandler` in its examples." +msgstr "" +"标准库包含很多处理器类型（参见 :ref:`useful-handlers` ）；教程主要使用 :class:`StreamHandler` 和 " +":class:`FileHandler` 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:526 +msgid "" +"There are very few methods in a handler for application developers to " +"concern themselves with. The only handler methods that seem relevant for " +"application developers who are using the built-in handler objects (that is, " +"not creating custom handlers) are the following configuration methods:" +msgstr "处理器中很少有方法可供应用程序开发人员使用。使用内置处理器对象（即不创建自定义处理器）的应用程序开发人员能用到的仅有以下配置方法：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:531 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Handler.setLevel` method, just as in logger objects, specifies " +"the lowest severity that will be dispatched to the appropriate destination." +" Why are there two :meth:`~Handler.setLevel` methods? The level set in the" +" logger determines which severity of messages it will pass to its handlers." +" The level set in each handler determines which messages that handler will " +"send on." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~Handler.setLevel` 方法，就像在日志记录器对象中一样，指定将被分派到适当目标的最低严重性。 为什么有两个 " +":meth:`~Handler.setLevel` 方法？ 在日志记录器中设置的级别确定要传递给其处理器的消息的严重性。 " +"每个处理器中设置的级别则确定该处理器将发送哪些消息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:537 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Handler.setFormatter` selects a Formatter object for this handler to" +" use." +msgstr ":meth:`~Handler.setFormatter` 选择一个该处理器使用的 Formatter 对象。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:540 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Handler.addFilter` and :meth:`~Handler.removeFilter` respectively " +"configure and deconfigure filter objects on handlers." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~Handler.addFilter` 和 :meth:`~Handler.removeFilter` " +"分别在处理器上配置和取消配置过滤器对象。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Application code should not directly instantiate and use instances of " +":class:`Handler`. Instead, the :class:`Handler` class is a base class that " +"defines the interface that all handlers should have and establishes some " +"default behavior that child classes can use (or override)." +msgstr "" +"应用程序代码不应直接实例化并使用 :class:`Handler` 的实例。 相反， :class:`Handler` " +"类是一个基类，它定义了所有处理器应该具有的接口，并建立了子类可以使用（或覆盖）的一些默认行为。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:550 +msgid "Formatters" +msgstr "格式器" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:552 +msgid "" +"Formatter objects configure the final order, structure, and contents of the " +"log message. Unlike the base :class:`logging.Handler` class, application " +"code may instantiate formatter classes, although you could likely subclass " +"the formatter if your application needs special behavior. The constructor " +"takes three optional arguments -- a message format string, a date format " +"string and a style indicator." +msgstr "" +"格式化器对象配置日志消息的最终顺序、结构和内容。 与 :class:`logging.Handler` " +"类不同，应用程序代码可以实例化格式器类，但如果应用程序需要特殊行为，则可能会对格式化器进行子类化定制。构造函数有三个可选参数 —— " +"消息格式字符串、日期格式字符串和样式指示符。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:561 +msgid "" +"If there is no message format string, the default is to use the raw message." +" If there is no date format string, the default date format is:" +msgstr "如果没有消息格式字符串，则默认使用原始消息。如果没有日期格式字符串，则默认日期格式为：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:564 +msgid "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" +msgstr "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:568 +msgid "" +"with the milliseconds tacked on at the end. The ``style`` is one of ``'%'``," +" ``'{'``, or ``'$'``. If one of these is not specified, then ``'%'`` will be" +" used." +msgstr "" +"在末尾加上毫秒数。 ``style`` 是 ``'%'``, ``'{'`` 或 ``'{TX-PL-LABEL}#x27;`` 之一。 " +"如果未指定其中之一，则将使用 ``'%'``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:571 +msgid "" +"If the ``style`` is ``'%'``, the message format string uses ``%()s`` styled string substitution; the possible keys are documented in " +":ref:`logrecord-attributes`. If the style is ``'{'``, the message format " +"string is assumed to be compatible with :meth:`str.format` (using keyword " +"arguments), while if the style is ``'$'`` then the message format string " +"should conform to what is expected by :meth:`string.Template.substitute`." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``style`` 为 ``'%'``，则消息格式字符串将使用 ``%()s`` " +"样式的字符串替换；可用的键值记录在 :ref:`logrecord-attributes` 中。 如果样式为 ``'{'``，则将假定消息格式字符串与 " +":meth:`str.format` 兼容（使用关键字参数），而如果样式为 ``'{TX-PL-LABEL}#x27;`` 则消息格式字符串应当符合 " +":meth:`string.Template.substitute` 的预期。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:578 +msgid "Added the ``style`` parameter." +msgstr "添加 ``style`` 形参。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:581 +msgid "" +"The following message format string will log the time in a human-readable " +"format, the severity of the message, and the contents of the message, in " +"that order::" +msgstr "以下消息格式字符串将以人类可读的格式记录时间、消息的严重性以及消息的内容，按此顺序::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:585 +msgid "'%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'" +msgstr "'%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Formatters use a user-configurable function to convert the creation time of " +"a record to a tuple. By default, :func:`time.localtime` is used; to change " +"this for a particular formatter instance, set the ``converter`` attribute of" +" the instance to a function with the same signature as " +":func:`time.localtime` or :func:`time.gmtime`. To change it for all " +"formatters, for example if you want all logging times to be shown in GMT, " +"set the ``converter`` attribute in the Formatter class (to ``time.gmtime`` " +"for GMT display)." +msgstr "" +"格式器通过用户可配置的函数将记录的创建时间转换为元组。 默认情况下，使用 :func:`time.localtime` " +"；要为特定格式器实例更改此项，请将实例的 ``converter`` 属性设置为与 :func:`time.localtime` 或 " +":func:`time.gmtime` 具有相同签名的函数。 要为所有格式器更改它，例如，如果你希望所有记录时间都以 GMT 显示，请在格式器类中设置 " +"``converter`` 属性（对于 GMT 显示，设置为 ``time.gmtime`` ）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:597 +msgid "Configuring Logging" +msgstr "配置日志记录" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:601 +msgid "Programmers can configure logging in three ways:" +msgstr "开发者可以通过三种方式配置日志记录：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:603 +msgid "" +"Creating loggers, handlers, and formatters explicitly using Python code that" +" calls the configuration methods listed above." +msgstr "使用调用上面列出的配置方法的 Python 代码显式创建记录器、处理器和格式器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:605 +msgid "" +"Creating a logging config file and reading it using the :func:`fileConfig` " +"function." +msgstr "创建日志配置文件并使用 :func:`fileConfig` 函数读取它。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:607 +msgid "" +"Creating a dictionary of configuration information and passing it to the " +":func:`dictConfig` function." +msgstr "创建配置信息字典并将其传递给 :func:`dictConfig` 函数。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:610 +msgid "" +"For the reference documentation on the last two options, see :ref:`logging-" +"config-api`. The following example configures a very simple logger, a " +"console handler, and a simple formatter using Python code::" +msgstr "" +"有关最后两个选项的参考文档，请参阅 :ref:`logging-config-api` 。 以下示例使用 Python " +"代码配置一个非常简单的记录器、一个控制台处理器和一个简单的格式器::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:614 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"# create logger\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simple_example')\n" +"logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# create console handler and set level to debug\n" +"ch = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# create formatter\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\n" +"\n" +"# add formatter to ch\n" +"ch.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"\n" +"# add ch to logger\n" +"logger.addHandler(ch)\n" +"\n" +"# 'application' code\n" +"logger.debug('debug message')\n" +"logger.info('info message')\n" +"logger.warning('warn message')\n" +"logger.error('error message')\n" +"logger.critical('critical message')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"# 创建日志记录器 logger\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simple_example')\n" +"logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# 创建控制台处理器 ch 并将等级设为 debug\n" +"ch = logging.StreamHandler()\n" +"ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n" +"\n" +"# 创建格式化器 formatter\n" +"formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')\n" +"\n" +"# 将 formatter 添加到 ch\n" +"ch.setFormatter(formatter)\n" +"\n" +"# 将 ch 添加到 logger\n" +"logger.addHandler(ch)\n" +"\n" +"# '应用程序' 代码\n" +"logger.debug('debug message')\n" +"logger.info('info message')\n" +"logger.warning('warn message')\n" +"logger.error('error message')\n" +"logger.critical('critical message')" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:640 +msgid "" +"Running this module from the command line produces the following output:" +msgstr "从命令行运行此模块将生成以下输出：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:642 +msgid "" +"$ python simple_logging_module.py\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,618 - simple_example - DEBUG - debug message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,620 - simple_example - INFO - info message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,695 - simple_example - WARNING - warn message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,697 - simple_example - ERROR - error message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,773 - simple_example - CRITICAL - critical message" +msgstr "" +"$ python simple_logging_module.py\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,618 - simple_example - DEBUG - debug message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,620 - simple_example - INFO - info message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,695 - simple_example - WARNING - warn message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,697 - simple_example - ERROR - error message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:10:26,773 - simple_example - CRITICAL - critical message" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:651 +msgid "" +"The following Python module creates a logger, handler, and formatter nearly " +"identical to those in the example listed above, with the only difference " +"being the names of the objects::" +msgstr "以下 Python 模块创建的记录器、处理器和格式器几乎与上面列出的示例中的相同，唯一的区别是对象的名称::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:655 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"\n" +"logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf')\n" +"\n" +"# create logger\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simpleExample')\n" +"\n" +"# 'application' code\n" +"logger.debug('debug message')\n" +"logger.info('info message')\n" +"logger.warning('warn message')\n" +"logger.error('error message')\n" +"logger.critical('critical message')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"\n" +"logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf')\n" +"\n" +"# 创建日志记录器 logger\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('simpleExample')\n" +"\n" +"# '应用程序' 代码\n" +"logger.debug('debug message')\n" +"logger.info('info message')\n" +"logger.warning('warn message')\n" +"logger.error('error message')\n" +"logger.critical('critical message')" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:670 +msgid "Here is the logging.conf file:" +msgstr "这是 logging.conf 文件：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:672 +msgid "" +"[loggers]\n" +"keys=root,simpleExample\n" +"\n" +"[handlers]\n" +"keys=consoleHandler\n" +"\n" +"[formatters]\n" +"keys=simpleFormatter\n" +"\n" +"[logger_root]\n" +"level=DEBUG\n" +"handlers=consoleHandler\n" +"\n" +"[logger_simpleExample]\n" +"level=DEBUG\n" +"handlers=consoleHandler\n" +"qualname=simpleExample\n" +"propagate=0\n" +"\n" +"[handler_consoleHandler]\n" +"class=StreamHandler\n" +"level=DEBUG\n" +"formatter=simpleFormatter\n" +"args=(sys.stdout,)\n" +"\n" +"[formatter_simpleFormatter]\n" +"format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s" +msgstr "" +"[loggers]\n" +"keys=root,simpleExample\n" +"\n" +"[handlers]\n" +"keys=consoleHandler\n" +"\n" +"[formatters]\n" +"keys=simpleFormatter\n" +"\n" +"[logger_root]\n" +"level=DEBUG\n" +"handlers=consoleHandler\n" +"\n" +"[logger_simpleExample]\n" +"level=DEBUG\n" +"handlers=consoleHandler\n" +"qualname=simpleExample\n" +"propagate=0\n" +"\n" +"[handler_consoleHandler]\n" +"class=StreamHandler\n" +"level=DEBUG\n" +"formatter=simpleFormatter\n" +"args=(sys.stdout,)\n" +"\n" +"[formatter_simpleFormatter]\n" +"format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:702 +msgid "" +"The output is nearly identical to that of the non-config-file-based example:" +msgstr "其输出与不基于配置文件的示例几乎相同：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:704 +msgid "" +"$ python simple_logging_config.py\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:55,977 - simpleExample - DEBUG - debug message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:55,979 - simpleExample - INFO - info message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:56,054 - simpleExample - WARNING - warn message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:56,055 - simpleExample - ERROR - error message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:56,130 - simpleExample - CRITICAL - critical message" +msgstr "" +"$ python simple_logging_config.py\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:55,977 - simpleExample - DEBUG - debug message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:55,979 - simpleExample - INFO - info message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:56,054 - simpleExample - WARNING - warn message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:56,055 - simpleExample - ERROR - error message\n" +"2005-03-19 15:38:56,130 - simpleExample - CRITICAL - critical message" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:713 +msgid "" +"You can see that the config file approach has a few advantages over the " +"Python code approach, mainly separation of configuration and code and the " +"ability of noncoders to easily modify the logging properties." +msgstr "你可以看到配置文件方法相较于 Python 代码方法有一些优势，主要是配置和代码的分离以及非开发者轻松修改日志记录属性的能力。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:717 +msgid "" +"The :func:`fileConfig` function takes a default parameter, " +"``disable_existing_loggers``, which defaults to ``True`` for reasons of " +"backward compatibility. This may or may not be what you want, since it will " +"cause any non-root loggers existing before the :func:`fileConfig` call to be" +" disabled unless they (or an ancestor) are explicitly named in the " +"configuration. Please refer to the reference documentation for more " +"information, and specify ``False`` for this parameter if you wish." +msgstr "" +":func:`fileConfig` 函数接受一个默认参数 ``disable_existing_loggers`` ，出于向后兼容的原因，默认为 " +"``True`` 。这可能与您的期望不同，因为除非在配置中明确命名它们（或其父级），否则它将导致在 :func:`fileConfig` " +"调用之前存在的任何非 root 记录器被禁用。有关更多信息，请参阅参考文档，如果需要，请将此参数指定为 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The dictionary passed to :func:`dictConfig` can also specify a Boolean value" +" with key ``disable_existing_loggers``, which if not specified explicitly in" +" the dictionary also defaults to being interpreted as ``True``. This leads " +"to the logger-disabling behaviour described above, which may not be what you" +" want - in which case, provide the key explicitly with a value of ``False``." +msgstr "" +"传递给 :func:`dictConfig` 的字典也可以用键 ``disable_existing_loggers`` " +"指定一个布尔值，如果没有在字典中明确指定，也默认被解释为 ``True`` " +"。这会导致上面描述的记录器禁用行为，这可能与你的期望不同——在这种情况下，请明确地为其提供 ``False`` 值。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:735 +msgid "" +"Note that the class names referenced in config files need to be either " +"relative to the logging module, or absolute values which can be resolved " +"using normal import mechanisms. Thus, you could use either " +":class:`~logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler` (relative to the logging " +"module) or ``mypackage.mymodule.MyHandler`` (for a class defined in package " +"``mypackage`` and module ``mymodule``, where ``mypackage`` is available on " +"the Python import path)." +msgstr "" +"请注意，配置文件中引用的类名称需要相对于日志记录模块，或者可以使用常规导入机制解析的绝对值。因此，你可以使用 " +":class:`~logging.handlers.WatchedFileHandler` （相对于日志记录模块）或 " +"``mypackage.mymodule.MyHandler`` （对于在 ``mypackage`` 包中定义的类和模块 ``mymodule`` " +"，其中 ``mypackage`` 在 Python 导入路径上可用）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:743 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.2, a new means of configuring logging has been introduced, using" +" dictionaries to hold configuration information. This provides a superset of" +" the functionality of the config-file-based approach outlined above, and is " +"the recommended configuration method for new applications and deployments. " +"Because a Python dictionary is used to hold configuration information, and " +"since you can populate that dictionary using different means, you have more " +"options for configuration. For example, you can use a configuration file in " +"JSON format, or, if you have access to YAML processing functionality, a file" +" in YAML format, to populate the configuration dictionary. Or, of course, " +"you can construct the dictionary in Python code, receive it in pickled form " +"over a socket, or use whatever approach makes sense for your application." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.2 中，引入了一种新的配置日志记录的方法，使用字典来保存配置信息。 " +"这提供了上述基于配置文件方法的功能的超集，并且是新应用程序和部署的推荐配置方法。 因为 Python " +"字典用于保存配置信息，并且由于你可以使用不同的方式填充该字典，因此你有更多的配置选项。 例如，你可以使用 JSON 格式的配置文件，或者如果你有权访问 " +"YAML 处理功能，则可以使用 YAML 格式的文件来填充配置字典。当然，你可以在 Python 代码中构造字典，通过套接字以 pickle " +"形式接收它，或者使用对你的应用程序合理的任何方法。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:755 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of the same configuration as above, in YAML format for the" +" new dictionary-based approach:" +msgstr "以下是与上述相同配置的示例，采用 YAML 格式，用于新的基于字典的方法：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:758 +msgid "" +"version: 1\n" +"formatters:\n" +" simple:\n" +" format: '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'\n" +"handlers:\n" +" console:\n" +" class: logging.StreamHandler\n" +" level: DEBUG\n" +" formatter: simple\n" +" stream: ext://sys.stdout\n" +"loggers:\n" +" simpleExample:\n" +" level: DEBUG\n" +" handlers: [console]\n" +" propagate: no\n" +"root:\n" +" level: DEBUG\n" +" handlers: [console]" +msgstr "" +"version: 1\n" +"formatters:\n" +" simple:\n" +" format: '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'\n" +"handlers:\n" +" console:\n" +" class: logging.StreamHandler\n" +" level: DEBUG\n" +" formatter: simple\n" +" stream: ext://sys.stdout\n" +"loggers:\n" +" simpleExample:\n" +" level: DEBUG\n" +" handlers: [console]\n" +" propagate: no\n" +"root:\n" +" level: DEBUG\n" +" handlers: [console]" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:779 +msgid "" +"For more information about logging using a dictionary, see :ref:`logging-" +"config-api`." +msgstr "有关使用字典进行日志记录的更多信息，请参阅 :ref:`logging-config-api`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:783 +msgid "What happens if no configuration is provided" +msgstr "如果没有提供配置会发生什么" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:785 +msgid "" +"If no logging configuration is provided, it is possible to have a situation " +"where a logging event needs to be output, but no handlers can be found to " +"output the event." +msgstr "如果未提供日志记录配置，则可能出现需要输出日志记录事件，但无法找到输出事件的处理器的情况。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:789 +msgid "" +"The event is output using a 'handler of last resort', stored in " +":data:`lastResort`. This internal handler is not associated with any logger," +" and acts like a :class:`~logging.StreamHandler` which writes the event " +"description message to the current value of ``sys.stderr`` (therefore " +"respecting any redirections which may be in effect). No formatting is done " +"on the message - just the bare event description message is printed. The " +"handler's level is set to ``WARNING``, so all events at this and greater " +"severities will be output." +msgstr "" +"事件将使用‘最后的处理器’来输出，它存储在 :data:`lastResort` 中。 这个内部处理器与任何日志记录器都没有关联，它的作用类似于 " +":class:`~logging.StreamHandler`，它将事件描述消息写入到 ``sys.stderr`` " +"的当前值（因此会遵循任何已生效的重定向）。 没有对消息进行任何格式化 —— 只打印简单的事件描述消息。 该处理器的级别被设为 " +"``WARNING``，因此将输出严重性在此级别以上的所有事件。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:800 +msgid "For versions of Python prior to 3.2, the behaviour is as follows:" +msgstr "对于 3.2 之前的 Python 版本，行为如下：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:802 +msgid "" +"If :data:`raiseExceptions` is ``False`` (production mode), the event is " +"silently dropped." +msgstr "如果 :data:`raiseExceptions` 为 ``False`` (生产模式)，则该事件会被静默地丢弃。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:805 +msgid "" +"If :data:`raiseExceptions` is ``True`` (development mode), a message 'No " +"handlers could be found for logger X.Y.Z' is printed once." +msgstr "" +"如果 :data:`raiseExceptions` 为 ``True`` (开发模式)，则会打印一条消息 'No handlers could be " +"found for logger X.Y.Z'。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:808 +msgid "" +"To obtain the pre-3.2 behaviour, :data:`lastResort` can be set to ``None``." +msgstr "要获得 3.2 之前的行为，可以将 :data:`lastResort` 设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:814 +msgid "Configuring Logging for a Library" +msgstr "为库配置日志" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:816 +msgid "" +"When developing a library which uses logging, you should take care to " +"document how the library uses logging - for example, the names of loggers " +"used. Some consideration also needs to be given to its logging " +"configuration. If the using application does not use logging, and library " +"code makes logging calls, then (as described in the previous section) events" +" of severity ``WARNING`` and greater will be printed to ``sys.stderr``. This" +" is regarded as the best default behaviour." +msgstr "" +"在开发带日志的库时，你应该在文档中详细说明，你的库会如何使用日志——例如，使用的记录器的名称。还需要考虑其日志配置。如果使用库的应用程序不使用日志，且库代码调用日志进行记录，那么（如上一节所述）严重性为" +" ``WARNING`` 和更高级别的事件将被打印到 ``sys.stderr``。这被认为是最好的默认行为。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:824 +msgid "" +"If for some reason you *don't* want these messages printed in the absence of" +" any logging configuration, you can attach a do-nothing handler to the top-" +"level logger for your library. This avoids the message being printed, since " +"a handler will always be found for the library's events: it just doesn't " +"produce any output. If the library user configures logging for application " +"use, presumably that configuration will add some handlers, and if levels are" +" suitably configured then logging calls made in library code will send " +"output to those handlers, as normal." +msgstr "" +"如果由于某种原因，你 *不* " +"希望在没有任何日志记录配置的情况下打印这些消息，则可以将无操作处理器附加到库的顶级记录器。这样可以避免打印消息，因为将始终为库的事件找到处理器：它不会产生任何输出。如果库用户配置应用程序使用的日志记录，可能是配置将添加一些处理器，如果级别已适当配置，则在库代码中进行的日志记录调用将正常地将输出发送给这些处理器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:833 +msgid "" +"A do-nothing handler is included in the logging package: " +":class:`~logging.NullHandler` (since Python 3.1). An instance of this " +"handler could be added to the top-level logger of the logging namespace used" +" by the library (*if* you want to prevent your library's logged events being" +" output to ``sys.stderr`` in the absence of logging configuration). If all " +"logging by a library *foo* is done using loggers with names matching " +"'foo.x', 'foo.x.y', etc. then the code::" +msgstr "" +"日志包中包含一个不做任何事情的处理器： :class:`~logging.NullHandler` （自 Python 3.1 " +"起）。可以将此处理器的实例添加到库使用的日志记录命名空间的顶级记录器中（ *如果* 你希望在没有日志记录配置的情况下阻止库的记录事件输出到 " +"``sys.stderr`` ）。如果库 *foo* 的所有日志记录都是使用名称匹配 'foo.x' ， 'foo.x.y' " +"等的记录器完成的，那么代码::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:841 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.getLogger('foo').addHandler(logging.NullHandler())" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.getLogger('foo').addHandler(logging.NullHandler())" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:844 +msgid "" +"should have the desired effect. If an organisation produces a number of " +"libraries, then the logger name specified can be 'orgname.foo' rather than " +"just 'foo'." +msgstr "应该有预计的效果。如果一个组织生成了许多库，则指定的记录器名称可以是 “orgname.foo” 而不仅仅是 “foo” 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:848 +msgid "" +"It is strongly advised that you *do not log to the root logger* in your " +"library. Instead, use a logger with a unique and easily identifiable name, " +"such as the ``__name__`` for your library's top-level package or module. " +"Logging to the root logger will make it difficult or impossible for the " +"application developer to configure the logging verbosity or handlers of your" +" library as they wish." +msgstr "" +"强烈建议在你的库中 " +"*不要将日志记录到根记录器*，而为你的库的最高层级包或模块使用一个具有唯一的易识别的名称——例如，``__name__``——的记录器。将日志记录到根记录器，会使应用程序开发人员按照他们的意愿配置你的库的日志的详细程度或处理器变得困难，或者完全不可能。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:855 +msgid "" +"It is strongly advised that you *do not add any handlers other than* " +":class:`~logging.NullHandler` *to your library's loggers*. This is because " +"the configuration of handlers is the prerogative of the application " +"developer who uses your library. The application developer knows their " +"target audience and what handlers are most appropriate for their " +"application: if you add handlers 'under the hood', you might well interfere " +"with their ability to carry out unit tests and deliver logs which suit their" +" requirements." +msgstr "" +"强烈建议你 *不要将* :class:`~logging.NullHandler` *以外的任何处理器添加到库的记录器中* " +"。这是因为处理器的配置是使用你的库的应用程序开发人员的权利。应用程序开发人员了解他们的目标受众以及哪些处理器最适合他们的应用程序：如果你在“底层”添加处理器，则可能会干扰他们执行单元测试和提供符合其要求的日志的能力。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:866 +msgid "Logging Levels" +msgstr "日志级别" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:868 +msgid "" +"The numeric values of logging levels are given in the following table. These" +" are primarily of interest if you want to define your own levels, and need " +"them to have specific values relative to the predefined levels. If you " +"define a level with the same numeric value, it overwrites the predefined " +"value; the predefined name is lost." +msgstr "" +"日志记录级别的数值在下表中给出。如果你想要定义自己的级别，并且需要它们具有相对于预定义级别的特定值，那么这你可能对以下内容感兴趣。如果你定义具有相同数值的级别，它将覆盖预定义的值；预定义的名称将失效。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:875 +msgid "Numeric value" +msgstr "数值" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:877 +msgid "50" +msgstr "50" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:879 +msgid "40" +msgstr "40" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:881 +msgid "30" +msgstr "30" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:883 +msgid "20" +msgstr "20" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:885 +msgid "10" +msgstr "10" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:887 +msgid "``NOTSET``" +msgstr "``NOTSET``" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:887 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:890 +msgid "" +"Levels can also be associated with loggers, being set either by the " +"developer or through loading a saved logging configuration. When a logging " +"method is called on a logger, the logger compares its own level with the " +"level associated with the method call. If the logger's level is higher than " +"the method call's, no logging message is actually generated. This is the " +"basic mechanism controlling the verbosity of logging output." +msgstr "" +"级别也可以与记录器关联，可以由开发人员设置，也可以通过加载保存的日志配置来设置。在记录器上调用记录方法时，记录器会将自己的级别与调用的方法的级别进行比较。如果记录器的级别高于调用的方法的级别，则实际上不会生成任何记录消息。这是控制日志记录输出详细程度的基本机制。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:897 +msgid "" +"Logging messages are encoded as instances of the :class:`~logging.LogRecord`" +" class. When a logger decides to actually log an event, a " +":class:`~logging.LogRecord` instance is created from the logging message." +msgstr "" +"日志消息被编码为 :class:`~logging.LogRecord` 类的实例。当记录器决定实际记录一个事件时，将从记录消息创建一个 " +":class:`~logging.LogRecord` 实例。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:901 +msgid "" +"Logging messages are subjected to a dispatch mechanism through the use of " +":dfn:`handlers`, which are instances of subclasses of the :class:`Handler` " +"class. Handlers are responsible for ensuring that a logged message (in the " +"form of a :class:`LogRecord`) ends up in a particular location (or set of " +"locations) which is useful for the target audience for that message (such as" +" end users, support desk staff, system administrators, developers). Handlers" +" are passed :class:`LogRecord` instances intended for particular " +"destinations. Each logger can have zero, one or more handlers associated " +"with it (via the :meth:`~Logger.addHandler` method of :class:`Logger`). In " +"addition to any handlers directly associated with a logger, *all handlers " +"associated with all ancestors of the logger* are called to dispatch the " +"message (unless the *propagate* flag for a logger is set to a false value, " +"at which point the passing to ancestor handlers stops)." +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`Handler` 类的子例的实例 :dfn:`handlers`，可以为日志消息建立分派机制。处理器负责确保记录的消息（以 " +":class:`LogRecord` " +"的形式）最终到达对该消息的目标受众（如最终用户、技术支持员工、系统管理员或开发人员）有用的一个或多个位置上。想要去到特定目标的 " +":class:`LogRecord` 实例会被传给相应的处理器。每个记录器可以有零、一或多个与之相关联的处理器（通过 :class:`Logger` 的" +" :meth:`~Logger.addHandler` 方法）。除了与记录器直接关联的所有处理器之外，还会将消息分派给 " +"*记录器的所有祖先关联的各个处理器*（除非某个记录器的 *propagate* 旗标被设为假值，这将使向祖先的传递在其处终止）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:915 +msgid "" +"Just as for loggers, handlers can have levels associated with them. A " +"handler's level acts as a filter in the same way as a logger's level does. " +"If a handler decides to actually dispatch an event, the " +":meth:`~Handler.emit` method is used to send the message to its destination." +" Most user-defined subclasses of :class:`Handler` will need to override this" +" :meth:`~Handler.emit`." +msgstr "" +"就像记录器一样，处理器可以具有与它们相关联的级别。处理器的级别作为过滤器，其方式与记录器级别相同。如果处理器决定调度一个事件，则使用 " +":meth:`~handler.emit` 方法将消息发送到其目标。大多数用户定义的 :class:`Handler` 子类都需要重写 " +":meth:`~handler.emit`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:924 +msgid "Custom Levels" +msgstr "自定义级别" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:926 +msgid "" +"Defining your own levels is possible, but should not be necessary, as the " +"existing levels have been chosen on the basis of practical experience. " +"However, if you are convinced that you need custom levels, great care should" +" be exercised when doing this, and it is possibly *a very bad idea to define" +" custom levels if you are developing a library*. That's because if multiple " +"library authors all define their own custom levels, there is a chance that " +"the logging output from such multiple libraries used together will be " +"difficult for the using developer to control and/or interpret, because a " +"given numeric value might mean different things for different libraries." +msgstr "" +"定义你自己的级别是可能的，但不一定是必要的，因为现有级别是根据实践经验选择的。但是，如果你确信需要自定义级别，那么在执行此操作时应特别小心，如果你正在开发库，则" +" *定义自定义级别可能是一个非常糟糕的主意* 。 " +"这是因为如果多个库作者都定义了他们自己的自定义级别，那么使用开发人员很难控制和解释这些多个库的日志记录输出，因为给定的数值对于不同的库可能意味着不同的东西。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:939 +msgid "Useful Handlers" +msgstr "有用的处理器" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:941 +msgid "" +"In addition to the base :class:`Handler` class, many useful subclasses are " +"provided:" +msgstr "作为 :class:`Handler` 基类的补充，提供了很多有用的子类：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:944 +msgid "" +":class:`StreamHandler` instances send messages to streams (file-like " +"objects)." +msgstr ":class:`StreamHandler` 实例发送消息到流（类似文件对象）。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:947 +msgid ":class:`FileHandler` instances send messages to disk files." +msgstr ":class:`FileHandler` 实例将消息发送到硬盘文件。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:949 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.BaseRotatingHandler` is the base class for handlers that " +"rotate log files at a certain point. It is not meant to be instantiated " +"directly. Instead, use :class:`~handlers.RotatingFileHandler` or " +":class:`~handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler`." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.BaseRotatingHandler` 是轮换日志文件的处理器的基类。它并不应该直接实例化。而应该使用 " +":class:`~handlers.RotatingFileHandler` 或 " +":class:`~handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler` 代替它。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:954 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.RotatingFileHandler` instances send messages to disk " +"files, with support for maximum log file sizes and log file rotation." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.RotatingFileHandler` 实例将消息发送到硬盘文件，支持最大日志文件大小和日志文件轮换。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:957 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler` instances send messages to disk " +"files, rotating the log file at certain timed intervals." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler` 实例将消息发送到硬盘文件，以特定的时间间隔轮换日志文件。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:960 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.SocketHandler` instances send messages to TCP/IP sockets. " +"Since 3.4, Unix domain sockets are also supported." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.SocketHandler` 实例将消息发送到 TCP/IP 套接字。从 3.4 开始，也支持 Unix 域套接字。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:963 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.DatagramHandler` instances send messages to UDP sockets. " +"Since 3.4, Unix domain sockets are also supported." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.DatagramHandler` 实例将消息发送到 UDP 套接字。从 3.4 开始，也支持 Unix 域套接字。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:966 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.SMTPHandler` instances send messages to a designated email" +" address." +msgstr ":class:`~handlers.SMTPHandler` 实例将消息发送到指定的电子邮件地址。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:969 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.SysLogHandler` instances send messages to a Unix syslog " +"daemon, possibly on a remote machine." +msgstr ":class:`~handlers.SysLogHandler` 实例将消息发送到 Unix syslog 守护程序，可能在远程计算机上。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:972 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.NTEventLogHandler` instances send messages to a Windows " +"NT/2000/XP event log." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.NTEventLogHandler` 实例将消息发送到 Windows NT/2000/XP 事件日志。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:975 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.MemoryHandler` instances send messages to a buffer in " +"memory, which is flushed whenever specific criteria are met." +msgstr ":class:`~handlers.MemoryHandler` 实例将消息发送到内存中的缓冲区，只要满足特定条件，缓冲区就会刷新。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:978 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.HTTPHandler` instances send messages to an HTTP server " +"using either ``GET`` or ``POST`` semantics." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.HTTPHandler` 实例使用 ``GET`` 或 ``POST`` 方法将消息发送到 HTTP 服务器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:981 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.WatchedFileHandler` instances watch the file they are " +"logging to. If the file changes, it is closed and reopened using the file " +"name. This handler is only useful on Unix-like systems; Windows does not " +"support the underlying mechanism used." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.WatchedFileHandler` " +"实例会监视他们要写入日志的文件。如果文件发生更改，则会关闭该文件并使用文件名重新打开。此处理器仅在类 Unix 系统上有用； Windows " +"不支持依赖的基础机制。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:986 +msgid "" +":class:`~handlers.QueueHandler` instances send messages to a queue, such as " +"those implemented in the :mod:`queue` or :mod:`multiprocessing` modules." +msgstr "" +":class:`~handlers.QueueHandler` 实例将消息发送到队列，例如在 :mod:`queue` 或 " +":mod:`multiprocessing` 模块中实现的队列。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:989 +msgid "" +":class:`NullHandler` instances do nothing with error messages. They are used" +" by library developers who want to use logging, but want to avoid the 'No " +"handlers could be found for logger *XXX*' message which can be displayed if " +"the library user has not configured logging. See :ref:`library-config` for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +":class:`NullHandler` 实例不对错误消息执行任何操作。 如果库开发者希望使用日志记录，但又希望避免出现“找不到日志记录器 *XXX* " +"的处理器”消息则可以使用它们。 更多信息请参阅 :ref:`library-config`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:995 +msgid "The :class:`NullHandler` class." +msgstr ":class:`NullHandler` 类。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:998 +msgid "The :class:`~handlers.QueueHandler` class." +msgstr ":class:`~handlers.QueueHandler` 类。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1001 +msgid "" +"The :class:`NullHandler`, :class:`StreamHandler` and :class:`FileHandler` " +"classes are defined in the core logging package. The other handlers are " +"defined in a sub-module, :mod:`logging.handlers`. (There is also another " +"sub-module, :mod:`logging.config`, for configuration functionality.)" +msgstr "" +"The :class:`NullHandler` 、 :class:`StreamHandler` 和 :class:`FileHandler` " +"类在核心日志包中定义。其他处理器定义在 :mod:`logging.handlers` 中。（还有另一个子模块 " +":mod:`logging.config` ，用于配置功能）" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"Logged messages are formatted for presentation through instances of the " +":class:`Formatter` class. They are initialized with a format string suitable" +" for use with the % operator and a dictionary." +msgstr "" +"记录的消息通过 :class:`Formatter` 类的实例进行格式化后呈现。 它们使用能与 ％ 运算符一起使用的格式字符串和字典进行初始化。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"For formatting multiple messages in a batch, instances of " +":class:`BufferingFormatter` can be used. In addition to the format string " +"(which is applied to each message in the batch), there is provision for " +"header and trailer format strings." +msgstr "" +"要批量格式化多条消息，可以使用 :class:`BufferingFormatter` 的实例。 " +"除了格式字符串（它将应用于批次中的每条消息）以外，还提供了标头和尾部格式字符串。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"When filtering based on logger level and/or handler level is not enough, " +"instances of :class:`Filter` can be added to both :class:`Logger` and " +":class:`Handler` instances (through their :meth:`~Handler.addFilter` " +"method). Before deciding to process a message further, both loggers and " +"handlers consult all their filters for permission. If any filter returns a " +"false value, the message is not processed further." +msgstr "" +"当基于记录器级别和处理器级别的过滤不够时，可以将 :class:`Filter` 的实例添加到 :class:`Logger` 和 " +":class:`Handler` 实例（通过它们的 :meth:`~Handler.addFilter` " +"方法）。在决定进一步处理消息之前，记录器和处理器都会查询其所有过滤器以获得许可。如果任何过滤器返回 false 值，则不会进一步处理该消息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"The basic :class:`Filter` functionality allows filtering by specific logger " +"name. If this feature is used, messages sent to the named logger and its " +"children are allowed through the filter, and all others dropped." +msgstr "" +"基本 :class:`Filter` " +"的功能允许按特定的记录器名称进行过滤。如果使用此功能，则允许通过过滤器发送到指定记录器及其子项的消息，并丢弃其他所有消息。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1030 +msgid "Exceptions raised during logging" +msgstr "记录日志时引发的异常" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"The logging package is designed to swallow exceptions which occur while " +"logging in production. This is so that errors which occur while handling " +"logging events - such as logging misconfiguration, network or other similar " +"errors - do not cause the application using logging to terminate " +"prematurely." +msgstr "" +"logging " +"包被设计为，当在生产环境下使用时，忽略记录日志时发生的异常。这样，处理与日志相关的事件时发生的错误（例如日志配置错误、网络或其它类似错误）不会导致使用日志的应用程序终止。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1037 +msgid "" +":class:`SystemExit` and :class:`KeyboardInterrupt` exceptions are never " +"swallowed. Other exceptions which occur during the :meth:`~Handler.emit` " +"method of a :class:`Handler` subclass are passed to its " +":meth:`~Handler.handleError` method." +msgstr "" +":class:`SystemExit` 和 :class:`KeyboardInterrupt` 异常永远不会被忽略。在 " +":class:`Handler` 的子类的 :meth:`~handler.emit` 方法中发生的其它异常将被传递给其 " +":meth:`~handler.handleError` 方法。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"The default implementation of :meth:`~Handler.handleError` in " +":class:`Handler` checks to see if a module-level variable, " +":data:`raiseExceptions`, is set. If set, a traceback is printed to " +":data:`sys.stderr`. If not set, the exception is swallowed." +msgstr "" +":class:`Handler` 中的 :meth:`~handler.handleError` 的默认实现是检查是否设置了模块级变量 " +":data:`raiseExceptions`。如有设置，则会将回溯打印到 :data:`sys.stderr`。如果未设置，则忽略异常。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"The default value of :data:`raiseExceptions` is ``True``. This is because " +"during development, you typically want to be notified of any exceptions that" +" occur. It's advised that you set :data:`raiseExceptions` to ``False`` for " +"production usage." +msgstr "" +":data:`raiseExceptions` 的默认值是 ``True``。这是因为在开发期间，你通常想要在发生异常时收到通知。建议你将 " +":data:`raiseExceptions` 设为 ``False`` 供生产环境下使用。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1058 +msgid "Using arbitrary objects as messages" +msgstr "使用任意对象作为消息" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"In the preceding sections and examples, it has been assumed that the message" +" passed when logging the event is a string. However, this is not the only " +"possibility. You can pass an arbitrary object as a message, and its " +":meth:`~object.__str__` method will be called when the logging system needs " +"to convert it to a string representation. In fact, if you want to, you can " +"avoid computing a string representation altogether - for example, the " +":class:`~handlers.SocketHandler` emits an event by pickling it and sending " +"it over the wire." +msgstr "" +"在前面的部分和示例中，都假设记录事件时传递的消息是字符串。 " +"但是，这不是唯一的可能性。你可以将任意对象作为消息传递，并且当日志记录系统需要将其转换为字符串表示时，将调用其 :meth:`~object .__ " +"str__` 方法。实际上，如果你愿意，你可以完全避免计算字符串表示。例如， :class:`~handlers.SocketHandler` 用 " +"pickle 处理事件后，通过网络发送。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1071 +msgid "Optimization" +msgstr "优化" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"Formatting of message arguments is deferred until it cannot be avoided. " +"However, computing the arguments passed to the logging method can also be " +"expensive, and you may want to avoid doing it if the logger will just throw " +"away your event. To decide what to do, you can call the " +":meth:`~Logger.isEnabledFor` method which takes a level argument and returns" +" true if the event would be created by the Logger for that level of call. " +"You can write code like this::" +msgstr "" +"消息参数的格式化将被推迟，直到无法避免。但是，计算传递给日志记录方法的参数也可能很消耗资源，如果记录器只是丢弃你的事件，你可能希望避免这样做。要决定做什么，可以调用" +" :meth:`~Logger.isEnabledFor` 方法，该方法接受一个 level 参数，如果记录器为该级别的调用创建了该事件，则返回 " +"true 。 你可以写这样的代码::" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1081 +msgid "" +"if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):\n" +" logger.debug('Message with %s, %s', expensive_func1(),\n" +" expensive_func2())" +msgstr "" +"if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):\n" +" logger.debug('Message with %s, %s', expensive_func1(),\n" +" expensive_func2())" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1085 +msgid "" +"so that if the logger's threshold is set above ``DEBUG``, the calls to " +"``expensive_func1`` and ``expensive_func2`` are never made." +msgstr "" +"因此如果日志记录器的阈值设置高于 ``DEBUG``，则永远不会调用 ``expensive_func1`` 和 " +"``expensive_func2``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"In some cases, :meth:`~Logger.isEnabledFor` can itself be more expensive " +"than you'd like (e.g. for deeply nested loggers where an explicit level is " +"only set high up in the logger hierarchy). In such cases (or if you want to " +"avoid calling a method in tight loops), you can cache the result of a call " +"to :meth:`~Logger.isEnabledFor` in a local or instance variable, and use " +"that instead of calling the method each time. Such a cached value would only" +" need to be recomputed when the logging configuration changes dynamically " +"while the application is running (which is not all that common)." +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下， :meth:`~Logger.isEnabledFor` " +"本身可能比你想要的更消耗资源（例如，对于深度嵌套的记录器，其中仅在记录器层次结构中设置了显式级别）。在这种情况下（或者如果你想避免在紧密循环中调用方法），你可以在本地或实例变量中将调用的结果缓存到" +" :meth:`~Logger.isEnabledFor` " +"，并使用它而不是每次调用方法。在日志记录配置在应用程序运行时动态更改（这不常见）时，只需要重新计算这样的缓存值即可。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"There are other optimizations which can be made for specific applications " +"which need more precise control over what logging information is collected. " +"Here's a list of things you can do to avoid processing during logging which " +"you don't need:" +msgstr "对于需要对收集的日志信息进行更精确控制的特定应用程序，还可以进行其他优化。以下列出了在日志记录过程中您可以避免的非必须处理操作：" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1103 +msgid "What you don't want to collect" +msgstr "你不想收集的内容" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1103 +msgid "How to avoid collecting it" +msgstr "如何避免收集它" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1105 +msgid "Information about where calls were made from." +msgstr "有关调用来源的信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"Set ``logging._srcfile`` to ``None``. This avoids calling " +":func:`sys._getframe`, which may help to speed up your code in environments " +"like PyPy (which can't speed up code that uses :func:`sys._getframe`)." +msgstr "" +"将 ``logging._srcfile`` 设置为 ``None`` 。这避免了调用 :func:`sys._getframe` ，如果 PyPy " +"支持 Python 3.x ，这可能有助于加速 PyPy （无法加速使用 :func:`sys._getframe` 的代码）等环境中的代码。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1111 +msgid "Threading information." +msgstr "线程信息" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1111 +msgid "Set ``logging.logThreads`` to ``False``." +msgstr "将 ``logging.logThreads`` 设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1113 +msgid "Current process ID (:func:`os.getpid`)" +msgstr "当前进程 ID (:func:`os.getpid`)" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1113 +msgid "Set ``logging.logProcesses`` to ``False``." +msgstr "将 ``logging.logProcesses`` 设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"Current process name when using ``multiprocessing`` to manage multiple " +"processes." +msgstr "当使用 ``multiprocessing`` 来管理多个进程时的当前进程名称。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1115 +msgid "Set ``logging.logMultiprocessing`` to ``False``." +msgstr "将 ``logging.logMultiprocessing`` 设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1118 +msgid "Current :class:`asyncio.Task` name when using ``asyncio``." +msgstr "在使用 ``asyncio`` 时的当前 :class:`asyncio.Task`。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1118 +msgid "Set ``logging.logAsyncioTasks`` to ``False``." +msgstr "将 ``logging.logAsyncioTasks`` 设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"Also note that the core logging module only includes the basic handlers. If " +"you don't import :mod:`logging.handlers` and :mod:`logging.config`, they " +"won't take up any memory." +msgstr "" +"另请注意，核心日志记录模块仅包含基本处理器。如果你不导入 :mod:`logging.handlers` 和 :mod:`logging.config`" +" ，它们将不会占用任何内存。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1129 +msgid "Other resources" +msgstr "其他资源" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1133 +msgid "Module :mod:`logging`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`logging`" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1134 +msgid "API reference for the logging module." +msgstr "日志记录模块的 API 参考。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1136 +msgid "Module :mod:`logging.config`" +msgstr ":mod:`logging.config` 模块" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1137 +msgid "Configuration API for the logging module." +msgstr "日志记录模块的配置 API 。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1139 +msgid "Module :mod:`logging.handlers`" +msgstr ":mod:`logging.handlers` 模块" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1140 +msgid "Useful handlers included with the logging module." +msgstr "日志记录模块附带的有用处理器。" + +#: ../../howto/logging.rst:1142 +msgid ":ref:`A logging cookbook `" +msgstr ":ref:`日志操作手册 `" diff --git a/howto/mro.po b/howto/mro.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97fd0fdd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/mro.po @@ -0,0 +1,1169 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-24 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-04-19 14:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:4 +msgid "The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order" +msgstr "Python 2.3 方法解析顺序" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:8 +msgid "" +"This is a historical document, provided as an appendix to the official " +"documentation. The Method Resolution Order discussed here was *introduced* " +"in Python 2.3, but it is still used in later versions -- including Python 3." +msgstr "" +"这是一份历史性的文档，作为官方文档的附录提供。 这里所讨论的方法解析顺序在 Python 2.3 中 *被引入*，但在之后的版本中仍然被使用 -- 包括" +" Python 3。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:13 +msgid "By `Michele Simionato `__." +msgstr "由 `Michele Simionato `__ 撰写。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:0 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "摘要" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:17 +msgid "" +"*This document is intended for Python programmers who want to understand the" +" C3 Method Resolution Order used in Python 2.3. Although it is not intended " +"for newbies, it is quite pedagogical with many worked out examples. I am " +"not aware of other publicly available documents with the same scope, " +"therefore it should be useful.*" +msgstr "" +"*本文档的目标读者是那些希望理解 Python 2.3 中使用的 C3 方法解析顺序的 Python 程序员。 " +"虽然它不是为新手准备的，但它具有很强的教学性，包含许多实用的例子。 据我所知还没有其他公开文档涵盖相同的领域，因此它应该是有用的。*" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:23 +msgid "Disclaimer:" +msgstr "免责声明：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:25 +msgid "" +"*I donate this document to the Python Software Foundation, under the Python " +"2.3 license. As usual in these circumstances, I warn the reader that what " +"follows* should *be correct, but I don't give any warranty. Use it at your " +"own risk and peril!*" +msgstr "" +"*我将此文档捐赠给 Python 软件基金会，采用 Python 2.3 许可。 如在这种情况下通常做法，我警示读者下面的内容* 应该 " +"*是正确的，但我不提供任何保证。 请自行承担使用风险与损害！*" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:30 +msgid "Acknowledgments:" +msgstr "致谢：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:32 +msgid "" +"*All the people of the Python mailing list who sent me their support. Paul " +"Foley who pointed out various imprecisions and made me to add the part on " +"local precedence ordering. David Goodger for help with the formatting in " +"reStructuredText. David Mertz for help with the editing. Finally, Guido van " +"Rossum who enthusiastically added this document to the official Python 2.3 " +"home-page.*" +msgstr "" +"*Python 邮件列表中所有对我表示支持的人。 Paul Foley，他指出了各种不精确之处并让我添加了本地优先排序的部分。 David " +"Goodger 在 reStructuredText 格式化方面的帮助。David Mertz 在编辑方面提供的帮助。 最后，Guido van " +"Rossum 热心地将本文档添加到官方 Python 2.3 主页。*" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:40 +msgid "The beginning" +msgstr "开始" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:42 +msgid "*Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas* -- Virgilius" +msgstr "*Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas* -- Virgilius" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Everything started with a post by Samuele Pedroni to the Python development " +"mailing list [#]_. In his post, Samuele showed that the Python 2.2 method " +"resolution order is not monotonic and he proposed to replace it with the C3 " +"method resolution order. Guido agreed with his arguments and therefore now " +"Python 2.3 uses C3. The C3 method itself has nothing to do with Python, " +"since it was invented by people working on Dylan and it is described in a " +"paper intended for lispers [#]_. The present paper gives a (hopefully) " +"readable discussion of the C3 algorithm for Pythonistas who want to " +"understand the reasons for the change." +msgstr "" +"事情开始于 Samuele Pedroni 在 Python 开发邮件列表上的一个帖子 [#]_。 在他的帖子里，Samuele 表示 Python " +"2.2 方法解析顺序不是单调的并提议用 C3 方法解析顺序来替代它。 Guido 认同他的意见因此现在 Python 2.3 使用了 C3。 C3 " +"方法本身与 Python 没有关系，因为它由使用 Dylan 的人发明并在一篇针对 lisp 程序员的论文中描述 [#]_。 " +"本文给出了面向希望理解这项改变的理由的 Python 使用者的（尽可能）易读的 C3 算法相关讨论。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:55 +msgid "" +"First of all, let me point out that what I am going to say only applies to " +"the *new style classes* introduced in Python 2.2: *classic classes* " +"maintain their old method resolution order, depth first and then left to " +"right. Therefore, there is no breaking of old code for classic classes; and" +" even if in principle there could be breaking of code for Python 2.2 new " +"style classes, in practice the cases in which the C3 resolution order " +"differs from the Python 2.2 method resolution order are so rare that no real" +" breaking of code is expected. Therefore:" +msgstr "" +"首先，我要指出我即将介绍的情况仅作用于在 Python 2.2 中引入的 *新式类*: *经典类* 将保持其原有的方法解析顺序，深度优先并且从左至右。 " +"因此，不存在对经典类原有代码的破坏；而且虽然在原理上存在对 Python 2.2 新式类代码的破坏，但在实践中 C3 解析顺序与 Python 2.2 " +"方法解析顺序存在不同的情况是如此稀少以至于不会真正破坏原有代码。 所以：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:64 +msgid "*Don't be scared!*" +msgstr "*不必害怕！*" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Moreover, unless you make strong use of multiple inheritance and you have " +"non-trivial hierarchies, you don't need to understand the C3 algorithm, and " +"you can easily skip this paper. On the other hand, if you really want to " +"know how multiple inheritance works, then this paper is for you. The good " +"news is that things are not as complicated as you might expect." +msgstr "" +"此外，除非你高强度地使用多重继承并且有复杂的层级结构，否则你就不需要理解 C3 算法，可以轻松地跳过本文。 " +"另一方面，如果你真的想知道多重继承是如何工作的，那么本文就是为你准备的。 好消息是事情并没有你想象的那么复杂。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:73 +msgid "Let me begin with some basic definitions." +msgstr "让我们从一些基本的定义开始。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Given a class C in a complicated multiple inheritance hierarchy, it is a " +"non-trivial task to specify the order in which methods are overridden, i.e. " +"to specify the order of the ancestors of C." +msgstr "在一个复杂的多重继承层级结构中给定一个类 C，要指明方法的覆盖顺序，即 C 的祖先的顺序是一项并不轻松的任务。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:79 +msgid "" +"The list of the ancestors of a class C, including the class itself, ordered " +"from the nearest ancestor to the furthest, is called the class precedence " +"list or the *linearization* of C." +msgstr "类 C 的祖先列表（包括类本身）从最近的祖先到最远的祖先排序，称为类优先级列表或 C 的 *线性化*。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:83 +msgid "" +"The *Method Resolution Order* (MRO) is the set of rules that construct the " +"linearization. In the Python literature, the idiom \"the MRO of C\" is also" +" used as a synonymous for the linearization of the class C." +msgstr "" +"*方法解析顺序* (MRO) 是构造线性化的规则集合。 在 Python 的语境中，术语 \"C 的 MRO\" 也会被用作类 C 的线性化的同义词。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:88 +msgid "" +"For instance, in the case of single inheritance hierarchy, if C is a " +"subclass of C1, and C1 is a subclass of C2, then the linearization of C is " +"simply the list [C, C1 , C2]. However, with multiple inheritance " +"hierarchies, the construction of the linearization is more cumbersome, since" +" it is more difficult to construct a linearization that respects *local " +"precedence ordering* and *monotonicity*." +msgstr "" +"举例来说，在单继承层级结构的情况下，如果 C 是 C1 的子类，而 C1 是 C2 的子类，那么 C 的线性化就是简单的列表 [C, C1 , C2]。" +" 但是，对于多继承层级结构，线性化的构造就比较麻烦了，因为要构造一个尊重 *局部优先级排序* 和 *单调性* 的线性化将更为困难。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:96 +msgid "" +"I will discuss the local precedence ordering later, but I can give the " +"definition of monotonicity here. A MRO is monotonic when the following is " +"true: *if C1 precedes C2 in the linearization of C, then C1 precedes C2 in " +"the linearization of any subclass of C*. Otherwise, the innocuous operation " +"of deriving a new class could change the resolution order of methods, " +"potentially introducing very subtle bugs. Examples where this happens will " +"be shown later." +msgstr "" +"我稍后会讨论局部优先级顺序问题，但我可以先在这里给出单调性的定义。 当以下情况为真时一个 MRO 就是单调的: *如果在 C 的线性化中 C1 先于 " +"C2，那么在 C 的任何子类的线性化中 C1 都先于 C2*。 " +"在其他情况下，派生新类的无害操作就可能会改变方法的解析顺序，从而可能引入非常微妙的程序错误。 稍后将举例说明这种情况。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Not all classes admit a linearization. There are cases, in complicated " +"hierarchies, where it is not possible to derive a class such that its " +"linearization respects all the desired properties." +msgstr "并非所有的类都允许线性化。 在复杂的层级结构中，有些情况下不可能派生出一个类使其线性化遵循所有需要的属性。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:108 +msgid "Here I give an example of this situation. Consider the hierarchy" +msgstr "在此我举一个例子来说明这种情况。 考虑以下层级结构" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:116 +msgid "" +"which can be represented with the following inheritance graph, where I have " +"denoted with O the ``object`` class, which is the beginning of any hierarchy" +" for new style classes:" +msgstr "它可以用以下继承图来表示，其中我用 O 来标记 ``object`` 类，它是任何新式类层级结构的起点：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:120 +msgid "" +" -----------\n" +"| |\n" +"| O |\n" +"| / \\ |\n" +" - X Y /\n" +" | / | /\n" +" | / |/\n" +" A B\n" +" \\ /\n" +" ?" +msgstr "" +" -----------\n" +"| |\n" +"| O |\n" +"| / \\ |\n" +" - X Y /\n" +" | / | /\n" +" | / |/\n" +" A B\n" +" \\ /\n" +" ?" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:133 +msgid "" +"In this case, it is not possible to derive a new class C from A and B, since" +" X precedes Y in A, but Y precedes X in B, therefore the method resolution " +"order would be ambiguous in C." +msgstr "" +"在此情况下，从 A 和 B 派生新类是不可能的，因为在 A 中 X 先于 Y，但在 B 中 Y 先于 X，因此在 C 中方法解析顺序将出现歧义。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Python 2.3 raises an exception in this situation (TypeError: MRO conflict " +"among bases Y, X) forbidding the naive programmer from creating ambiguous " +"hierarchies. Python 2.2 instead does not raise an exception, but chooses an" +" *ad hoc* ordering (CABXYO in this case)." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.3 在此情况下会引发异常 (TypeError: MRO conflict among bases Y, X) " +"以防止程序员在无意中创建有歧义的层级结构。 Python 2.2 不会引发异常，而是会选择一个 *临时* 顺序 (在本例中为 CABXYO)。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:143 +msgid "The C3 Method Resolution Order" +msgstr "C3 方法解析顺序" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Let me introduce a few simple notations which will be useful for the " +"following discussion. I will use the shortcut notation::" +msgstr "让我们引入一些适用于接下来的讨论的简单标记法。 我会使用这样的快捷标记::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:148 +msgid "C1 C2 ... CN" +msgstr "C1 C2 ... CN" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:150 +msgid "to indicate the list of classes [C1, C2, ... , CN]." +msgstr "来表示类列表 [C1, C2, ... , CN]。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:152 +msgid "The *head* of the list is its first element::" +msgstr "列表的 *head* 是其第一个元素::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:154 +msgid "head = C1" +msgstr "head = C1" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:156 +msgid "whereas the *tail* is the rest of the list::" +msgstr "而 *tail* 则是列表的其余元素::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:158 +msgid "tail = C2 ... CN." +msgstr "tail = C2 ... CN." + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:160 +msgid "I shall also use the notation::" +msgstr "我还将使用这样的标记::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:162 +msgid "C + (C1 C2 ... CN) = C C1 C2 ... CN" +msgstr "C + (C1 C2 ... CN) = C C1 C2 ... CN" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:164 +msgid "to denote the sum of the lists [C] + [C1, C2, ... ,CN]." +msgstr "来表示列表 [C] + [C1，C2，...，CN] 的总和。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:166 +msgid "Now I can explain how the MRO works in Python 2.3." +msgstr "现在我就可以解释 MRO 在 Python 2.3 中的工作原理了。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Consider a class C in a multiple inheritance hierarchy, with C inheriting " +"from the base classes B1, B2, ... , BN. We want to compute the " +"linearization L[C] of the class C. The rule is the following:" +msgstr "考虑多重继承层级结构中的类 C，C 继承自基类 B1, B2, ... , BN。 我们想要计算类 C 的线性化 L[C]。 规则如下：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:173 +msgid "" +"*the linearization of C is the sum of C plus the merge of the linearizations" +" of the parents and the list of the parents.*" +msgstr "*C 的线性化就是 C 加上父类的线性化和父类列表的执行合并的总和。*" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:176 +msgid "In symbolic notation::" +msgstr "使用符号标记法::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:178 +msgid "L[C(B1 ... BN)] = C + merge(L[B1] ... L[BN], B1 ... BN)" +msgstr "L[C(B1 ... BN)] = C + merge(L[B1] ... L[BN], B1 ... BN)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:180 +msgid "" +"In particular, if C is the ``object`` class, which has no parents, the " +"linearization is trivial::" +msgstr "特别地，如果 C 为 ``object`` 类，它是没有父类的，其线性化很简单::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:183 +msgid "L[object] = object." +msgstr "L[object] = object." + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:185 +msgid "" +"However, in general one has to compute the merge according to the following " +"prescription:" +msgstr "不过，在通常情况下我们需要根据以下预设规则来计算合并结果：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:188 +msgid "" +"*take the head of the first list, i.e L[B1][0]; if this head is not in the " +"tail of any of the other lists, then add it to the linearization of C and " +"remove it from the lists in the merge, otherwise look at the head of the " +"next list and take it, if it is a good head. Then repeat the operation " +"until all the class are removed or it is impossible to find good heads. In " +"this case, it is impossible to construct the merge, Python 2.3 will refuse " +"to create the class C and will raise an exception.*" +msgstr "" +"*取第一个列表的 head，即 L[B1][0]；如果这个 head 不在任何其他列表的 tail 内，则将其添加到 C " +"的线性化中，并在合并结果中将其从列表中移除，否则如果下一个列表的 head 是好的 head 则使用它。 " +"然后重复上述操作直到所有类都被移除或是无法找到好的 head。 在这种情况下将无法构造合并结果，Python 2.3 将拒绝创建类 C 并将引发 " +"异常。*" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:197 +msgid "" +"This prescription ensures that the merge operation *preserves* the ordering," +" if the ordering can be preserved. On the other hand, if the order cannot " +"be preserved (as in the example of serious order disagreement discussed " +"above) then the merge cannot be computed." +msgstr "" +"这一预设规则可以确保合并操作 *保留* 顺序，如果顺序能被保留的话。 " +"在另一方面，如果顺序无法被保留（如上文讨论的顺序严重不一致的例子）则无法计算合并结果。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:202 +msgid "" +"The computation of the merge is trivial if C has only one parent (single " +"inheritance); in this case::" +msgstr "如果 C 只有一个父类（单一继承）则合并结果的计算将很简单；在这种情况下::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:205 +msgid "L[C(B)] = C + merge(L[B],B) = C + L[B]" +msgstr "L[C(B)] = C + merge(L[B],B) = C + L[B]" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:207 +msgid "" +"However, in the case of multiple inheritance things are more cumbersome and " +"I don't expect you can understand the rule without a couple of examples ;-)" +msgstr "不过，对于多重继承的情况事情就会比较麻烦，如果不举几个例子我估计你是无法理解具体规则的 ;-)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:212 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:214 +msgid "First example. Consider the following hierarchy:" +msgstr "第一个例子。 考虑以下层级结构：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:224 +msgid "In this case the inheritance graph can be drawn as:" +msgstr "在这种情况下继承图可以绘制为：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:226 +msgid "" +" 6\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 3 | O | (more general)\n" +" / --- \\\n" +" / | \\ |\n" +" / | \\ |\n" +" / | \\ |\n" +" --- --- --- |\n" +"Level 2 3 | D | 4| E | | F | 5 |\n" +" --- --- --- |\n" +" \\ \\ _ / | |\n" +" \\ / \\ _ | |\n" +" \\ / \\ | |\n" +" --- --- |\n" +"Level 1 1 | B | | C | 2 |\n" +" --- --- |\n" +" \\ / |\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 0 0 | A | (more specialized)\n" +" ---" +msgstr "" +" 6\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 3 | O | (more general)\n" +" / --- \\\n" +" / | \\ |\n" +" / | \\ |\n" +" / | \\ |\n" +" --- --- --- |\n" +"Level 2 3 | D | 4| E | | F | 5 |\n" +" --- --- --- |\n" +" \\ \\ _ / | |\n" +" \\ / \\ _ | |\n" +" \\ / \\ | |\n" +" --- --- |\n" +"Level 1 1 | B | | C | 2 |\n" +" --- --- |\n" +" \\ / |\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 0 0 | A | (more specialized)\n" +" ---" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:251 +msgid "The linearizations of O,D,E and F are trivial::" +msgstr "O、D、E 和 F 的线性化很简单::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:253 +msgid "" +"L[O] = O\n" +"L[D] = D O\n" +"L[E] = E O\n" +"L[F] = F O" +msgstr "" +"L[O] = O\n" +"L[D] = D O\n" +"L[E] = E O\n" +"L[F] = F O" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:258 +msgid "The linearization of B can be computed as::" +msgstr "B 的线性化可以被计算为::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:260 +msgid "L[B] = B + merge(DO, EO, DE)" +msgstr "L[B] = B + merge(DO, EO, DE)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:262 +msgid "" +"We see that D is a good head, therefore we take it and we are reduced to " +"compute ``merge(O,EO,E)``. Now O is not a good head, since it is in the " +"tail of the sequence EO. In this case the rule says that we have to skip to" +" the next sequence. Then we see that E is a good head; we take it and we " +"are reduced to compute ``merge(O,O)`` which gives O. Therefore::" +msgstr "" +"我们看到 D 是一个好的 head，因此我们使用它这样就可以简化为计算 ``merge(O,EO,E)``。 现在 O 不是一个好的 " +"head，因为它在序列 EO 的 tail 内。 在这种情况下规则要求我们必须跳到下一个序列。 然后我们可以看到 E 是一个好的 " +"head；我们使用它这样就可以简化为计算 ``merge(O,O)`` 从而得到 O。 因此::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:268 +msgid "L[B] = B D E O" +msgstr "L[B] = B D E O" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:270 +msgid "Using the same procedure one finds::" +msgstr "使用同样的步骤我们将发现::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:272 +msgid "" +"L[C] = C + merge(DO,FO,DF)\n" +" = C + D + merge(O,FO,F)\n" +" = C + D + F + merge(O,O)\n" +" = C D F O" +msgstr "" +"L[C] = C + merge(DO,FO,DF)\n" +" = C + D + merge(O,FO,F)\n" +" = C + D + F + merge(O,O)\n" +" = C D F O" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:277 +msgid "Now we can compute::" +msgstr "现在我们可以计算::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:279 +msgid "" +"L[A] = A + merge(BDEO,CDFO,BC)\n" +" = A + B + merge(DEO,CDFO,C)\n" +" = A + B + C + merge(DEO,DFO)\n" +" = A + B + C + D + merge(EO,FO)\n" +" = A + B + C + D + E + merge(O,FO)\n" +" = A + B + C + D + E + F + merge(O,O)\n" +" = A B C D E F O" +msgstr "" +"L[A] = A + merge(BDEO,CDFO,BC)\n" +" = A + B + merge(DEO,CDFO,C)\n" +" = A + B + C + merge(DEO,DFO)\n" +" = A + B + C + D + merge(EO,FO)\n" +" = A + B + C + D + E + merge(O,FO)\n" +" = A + B + C + D + E + F + merge(O,O)\n" +" = A B C D E F O" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:287 +msgid "" +"In this example, the linearization is ordered in a pretty nice way according" +" to the inheritance level, in the sense that lower levels (i.e. more " +"specialized classes) have higher precedence (see the inheritance graph). " +"However, this is not the general case." +msgstr "在这个例子中，线性化按照继承级别进行了良好的排序，即级别越低（即更特化的类）优先级越高（见继承图）。 然而，这并不是一般的情况。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:292 +msgid "" +"I leave as an exercise for the reader to compute the linearization for my " +"second example:" +msgstr "我把计算第二个例子的线性化作为一个练习留给读者完成：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:303 +msgid "" +"The only difference with the previous example is the change B(D,E) --> " +"B(E,D); however even such a little modification completely changes the " +"ordering of the hierarchy:" +msgstr "与前一例子的唯一区别在于 B(D,E) --> B(E,D)；然而即使是这样一个小小的改动也完全改变了层级结构的顺序：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:307 +msgid "" +" 6\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 3 | O |\n" +" / --- \\\n" +" / | \\\n" +" / | \\\n" +" / | \\\n" +" --- --- ---\n" +"Level 2 2 | E | 4 | D | | F | 5\n" +" --- --- ---\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" --- ---\n" +"Level 1 1 | B | | C | 3\n" +" --- ---\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 0 0 | A |\n" +" ---" +msgstr "" +" 6\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 3 | O |\n" +" / --- \\\n" +" / | \\\n" +" / | \\\n" +" / | \\\n" +" --- --- ---\n" +"Level 2 2 | E | 4 | D | | F | 5\n" +" --- --- ---\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" \\ / \\ /\n" +" --- ---\n" +"Level 1 1 | B | | C | 3\n" +" --- ---\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" ---\n" +"Level 0 0 | A |\n" +" ---" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Notice that the class E, which is in the second level of the hierarchy, " +"precedes the class C, which is in the first level of the hierarchy, i.e. E " +"is more specialized than C, even if it is in a higher level." +msgstr "请注意处在层级结构第二层级的类 E，它先于处在层级结构第一层级的类 C，也就是说，E 比 C 更特化，即便它处在更高的层级。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:336 +msgid "" +"A lazy programmer can obtain the MRO directly from Python 2.2, since in this" +" case it coincides with the Python 2.3 linearization. It is enough to " +"invoke the :meth:`~type.mro` method of class A:" +msgstr "" +"懒惰的程序员可以直接获取 Python 2.2 的 MRO，因为在这种情况下它会与 Python 2.3 的线程化恰好一致。 只需唤起类 A 的 " +":meth:`~type.mro` 方法就够了：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:345 +msgid "" +"Finally, let me consider the example discussed in the first section, " +"involving a serious order disagreement. In this case, it is straightforward" +" to compute the linearizations of O, X, Y, A and B:" +msgstr "最后，让我来讲解第一小节所讨论的例子，其中涉及严重的顺序不一致问题。 在这种情况下，可以直接计算 O、X、Y、A 和 B 的线性化：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:349 +msgid "" +"L[O] = 0\n" +"L[X] = X O\n" +"L[Y] = Y O\n" +"L[A] = A X Y O\n" +"L[B] = B Y X O" +msgstr "" +"L[O] = 0\n" +"L[X] = X O\n" +"L[Y] = Y O\n" +"L[A] = A X Y O\n" +"L[B] = B Y X O" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:357 +msgid "" +"However, it is impossible to compute the linearization for a class C that " +"inherits from A and B::" +msgstr "然而，要计算继承自 A 和 B 的类 C 的线性化则是不可能的::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:360 +msgid "" +"L[C] = C + merge(AXYO, BYXO, AB)\n" +" = C + A + merge(XYO, BYXO, B)\n" +" = C + A + B + merge(XYO, YXO)" +msgstr "" +"L[C] = C + merge(AXYO, BYXO, AB)\n" +" = C + A + merge(XYO, BYXO, B)\n" +" = C + A + B + merge(XYO, YXO)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:364 +msgid "" +"At this point we cannot merge the lists XYO and YXO, since X is in the tail " +"of YXO whereas Y is in the tail of XYO: therefore there are no good heads " +"and the C3 algorithm stops. Python 2.3 raises an error and refuses to " +"create the class C." +msgstr "" +"此时我们无法合并列表 XYO 和 YXO，因为 X 在 YXO 的 tail 内，而 Y 在 XYO 的 tail 内：因此没有好的 head 从而 " +"C3 算法将停止。 Python 2.3 将引发一个错误并拒绝创建类 C。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:370 +msgid "Bad Method Resolution Orders" +msgstr "坏的方法解析顺序" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:372 +msgid "" +"A MRO is *bad* when it breaks such fundamental properties as local " +"precedence ordering and monotonicity. In this section, I will show that " +"both the MRO for classic classes and the MRO for new style classes in Python" +" 2.2 are bad." +msgstr "" +"当一个 MOR 破坏了诸如局部优先顺序和单调性等基本属性时它就是 *坏的*。 在本节中，我将证明 Python 2.2 中经典类的 MRO 和新式类的 " +"MRO 都是坏的。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:377 +msgid "" +"It is easier to start with the local precedence ordering. Consider the " +"following example:" +msgstr "从局部优先顺序开始会更简单。 请看下面的例子：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:384 +msgid "with inheritance diagram" +msgstr "继承图如下" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:386 +msgid "" +" O\n" +" |\n" +"(buy spam) F\n" +" | \\\n" +" | E (buy eggs)\n" +" | /\n" +" G\n" +"\n" +" (buy eggs or spam ?)" +msgstr "" +" O\n" +" |\n" +"(buy spam) F\n" +" | \\\n" +" | E (buy eggs)\n" +" | /\n" +" G\n" +"\n" +" (buy eggs or spam ?)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:399 +msgid "" +"We see that class G inherits from F and E, with F *before* E: therefore we " +"would expect the attribute *G.remember2buy* to be inherited by " +"*F.remember2buy* and not by *E.remember2buy*: nevertheless Python 2.2 gives" +msgstr "" +"我们看到类 G 继承自 F 和 E，其中 F *先于* E：因此我们预期属性 *G.remember2buy* 会被 *F.remember2buy* " +"而不是被 *E.remember2buy* 所继承：然而 Python 2.2 给出的结果是" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:407 +msgid "" +"This is a breaking of local precedence ordering since the order in the local" +" precedence list, i.e. the list of the parents of G, is not preserved in the" +" Python 2.2 linearization of G::" +msgstr "这是对局部优先顺序的破坏因为在 Python 2.2 对 G 进行线性化时，局部优先列表即 G 的父类列表中的顺序并不会被保留::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:411 +msgid "L[G,P22]= G E F object # F *follows* E" +msgstr "L[G,P22]= G E F object # F 在 E *之后*" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:413 +msgid "" +"One could argue that the reason why F follows E in the Python 2.2 " +"linearization is that F is less specialized than E, since F is the " +"superclass of E; nevertheless the breaking of local precedence ordering is " +"quite non-intuitive and error prone. This is particularly true since it is " +"a different from old style classes:" +msgstr "" +"有人可能会说在 Python 2.2 的线性化中 F 在 E 之后的原因是 F 的特化程度低于 E，因为 F 是 E " +"的超类；然而打破局部优先排序是相当反直觉且容易导致错误的。 这一点因为它与旧式类不同而尤其明显：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:425 +msgid "" +"In this case the MRO is GFEF and the local precedence ordering is preserved." +msgstr "在这种情况下 MRO 为 GFEF 并保留了局部优先顺序。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:428 +msgid "" +"As a general rule, hierarchies such as the previous one should be avoided, " +"since it is unclear if F should override E or vice-versa. Python 2.3 solves " +"the ambiguity by raising an exception in the creation of class G, " +"effectively stopping the programmer from generating ambiguous hierarchies. " +"The reason for that is that the C3 algorithm fails when the merge::" +msgstr "" +"作为一般规则，应当避免像上面这样的层级结构，因为不清楚 F 是否应该重写 E，反之亦然。 Python 2.3 通过在创建类 G " +"时引发异常解决了这个歧义性问题，有效地阻止了程序员生成有歧义的层级结构。 其原因是 C3 算法在执行以下合并时将会失败::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:435 +msgid "merge(FO,EFO,FE)" +msgstr "merge(FO,EFO,FE)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:437 +msgid "" +"cannot be computed, because F is in the tail of EFO and E is in the tail of " +"FE." +msgstr "这是无法计算的，因为 F 在 EFO 的 tail 内而 E 在 FE 的 tail 内。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:440 +msgid "" +"The real solution is to design a non-ambiguous hierarchy, i.e. to derive G " +"from E and F (the more specific first) and not from F and E; in this case " +"the MRO is GEF without any doubt." +msgstr "" +"真正的解决办法是设计一个无歧义的层级结构，即从 E 和 F（更具体的说是第一个）而不是从 F 和 E 派生出 G；在这种情况下 MRO 毫无疑问就是 " +"GEF。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:444 +msgid "" +" O\n" +" |\n" +" F (spam)\n" +" / |\n" +"(eggs) E |\n" +" \\ |\n" +" G\n" +" (eggs, no doubt)" +msgstr "" +" O\n" +" |\n" +" F (spam)\n" +" / |\n" +"(eggs) E |\n" +" \\ |\n" +" G\n" +" (eggs, no doubt)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:456 +msgid "" +"Python 2.3 forces the programmer to write good hierarchies (or, at least, " +"less error-prone ones)." +msgstr "Python 2.3 会强迫程序员编写好的（或者，至少不那么容易出错的）层级结构。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:459 +msgid "" +"On a related note, let me point out that the Python 2.3 algorithm is smart " +"enough to recognize obvious mistakes, as the duplication of classes in the " +"list of parents:" +msgstr "与此相关的一点，我要指出 Python 2.3 的算法足够聪明，它能识别明显的错误，比如父类列表中重复的类：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:469 +msgid "" +"Python 2.2 (both for classic classes and new style classes) in this " +"situation, would not raise any exception." +msgstr "在这种情况下，Python 2.2（包括经典类和新式类）则不会引发任何异常。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:472 +msgid "" +"Finally, I would like to point out two lessons we have learned from this " +"example:" +msgstr "最后，我想指出我们从这个例子中汲取的两点教训：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:475 +msgid "" +"despite the name, the MRO determines the resolution order of attributes, not" +" only of methods;" +msgstr "尽管名称如此，MRO 是决定属性的解析顺序，而不仅仅是方法的解析顺序；" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:478 +msgid "" +"the default food for Pythonistas is spam ! (but you already knew that ;-)" +msgstr "Python 爱好者的默认食物是 spam ! (不过你已经知道这一点了 ;-)" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:481 +msgid "" +"Having discussed the issue of local precedence ordering, let me now consider" +" the issue of monotonicity. My goal is to show that neither the MRO for " +"classic classes nor that for Python 2.2 new style classes is monotonic." +msgstr "在讨论了局部优先顺序问题之后，现在再让我来讲解单调性。 我的目标是证明经典类和 Python 2.2 新式类的 MRO 都不是单调的。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:486 +msgid "" +"To prove that the MRO for classic classes is non-monotonic is rather " +"trivial, it is enough to look at the diamond diagram:" +msgstr "要证明经典类的 MRO 是非单调的相当简单，只要看一下这个钻石形图就够了：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:489 +msgid "" +" C\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +"A B\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" D" +msgstr "" +" C\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +"A B\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" D" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:500 +msgid "One easily discerns the inconsistency::" +msgstr "人们很容易发现其中的不一致性::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:502 +msgid "" +"L[B,P21] = B C # B precedes C : B's methods win\n" +"L[D,P21] = D A C B C # B follows C : C's methods win!" +msgstr "" +"L[B,P21] = B C # B 在 C 前 : B 的方法胜出\n" +"L[D,P21] = D A C B C # B 在 C 之后 : C 的方法胜出!" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:505 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, there are no problems with the Python 2.2 and 2.3 MROs, " +"they give both::" +msgstr "另一方面，Python 2.2 和 Python 2.3 的 MRO 则没有问题，它们都将给出以下结果::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:508 +msgid "L[D] = D A B C" +msgstr "L[D] = D A B C" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Guido points out in his essay [#]_ that the classic MRO is not so bad in " +"practice, since one can typically avoids diamonds for classic classes. But " +"all new style classes inherit from ``object``, therefore diamonds are " +"unavoidable and inconsistencies shows up in every multiple inheritance " +"graph." +msgstr "" +"Guido 在他的文章 [#]_ 中指出经典的 MRO 在实践中并没有那么坏，因为人们通常可以避免经典类形成钻石形继承图。 但是所有新式类都继承自 " +"``object``，因此钻石形继承图是不可避免的并且在每个多重继承图中都会出现不一致性。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:516 +msgid "" +"The MRO of Python 2.2 makes breaking monotonicity difficult, but not " +"impossible. The following example, originally provided by Samuele Pedroni, " +"shows that the MRO of Python 2.2 is non-monotonic:" +msgstr "" +"Python 2.2 的 MRO 使打破单调性变得困难，但并非不可能。 下面是最初由 Samuele Pedroni 提供的例子，显示 Python " +"2.2 的 MRO 是非单调的：" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Here are the linearizations according to the C3 MRO (the reader should " +"verify these linearizations as an exercise and draw the inheritance diagram " +";-) ::" +msgstr "以下是根据 C3 MRO 进行的线性化 (读者应当将验证这些线性化作为练习并绘制继承图 ;-) ::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:534 +msgid "" +"L[A] = A O\n" +"L[B] = B O\n" +"L[C] = C O\n" +"L[D] = D O\n" +"L[E] = E O\n" +"L[K1]= K1 A B C O\n" +"L[K2]= K2 D B E O\n" +"L[K3]= K3 D A O\n" +"L[Z] = Z K1 K2 K3 D A B C E O" +msgstr "" +"L[A] = A O\n" +"L[B] = B O\n" +"L[C] = C O\n" +"L[D] = D O\n" +"L[E] = E O\n" +"L[K1]= K1 A B C O\n" +"L[K2]= K2 D B E O\n" +"L[K3]= K3 D A O\n" +"L[Z] = Z K1 K2 K3 D A B C E O" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Python 2.2 gives exactly the same linearizations for A, B, C, D, E, K1, K2 " +"and K3, but a different linearization for Z::" +msgstr "Python 2.2 对 A、B、C、D、E、K1、K2 和 K3 给出了完全相同的线性化，但对 Z 则给出了不同的线性化::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:547 +msgid "L[Z,P22] = Z K1 K3 A K2 D B C E O" +msgstr "L[Z,P22] = Z K1 K3 A K2 D B C E O" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:549 +msgid "" +"It is clear that this linearization is *wrong*, since A comes before D " +"whereas in the linearization of K3 A comes *after* D. In other words, in K3 " +"methods derived by D override methods derived by A, but in Z, which still is" +" a subclass of K3, methods derived by A override methods derived by D! This" +" is a violation of monotonicity. Moreover, the Python 2.2 linearization of " +"Z is also inconsistent with local precedence ordering, since the local " +"precedence list of the class Z is [K1, K2, K3] (K2 precedes K3), whereas in " +"the linearization of Z K2 *follows* K3. These problems explain why the 2.2 " +"rule has been dismissed in favor of the C3 rule." +msgstr "" +"很明显这种线性化是 *错误* 的，因为 A 在 D 之前，而在 K3 的线性化中 A 在 D 之后。 换句话说，在 K3 中由 D 派生的方法会重写由 " +"A 派生的方法，但在仍为 K3 子类的 Z 中，由 A 派生的方法会重写由 D 派生的方法！ 这破坏了单调性。 此外，Z 的 Python 2.2 " +"线性化也与局部优先顺序不一致，因为类 Z 的局部优先列表是 [K1, K2, K3] (K2 先于 K3)，而在 Z 的线性化中则是 K2 *跟随* " +"K3。 这些问题解释了为什么 2.2 规则被否定而改用 C3 规则。" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:561 +msgid "The end" +msgstr "结束" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:563 +msgid "" +"This section is for the impatient reader, who skipped all the previous " +"sections and jumped immediately to the end. This section is for the lazy " +"programmer too, who didn't want to exercise her/his brain. Finally, it is " +"for the programmer with some hubris, otherwise s/he would not be reading a " +"paper on the C3 method resolution order in multiple inheritance hierarchies " +";-) These three virtues taken all together (and *not* separately) deserve a " +"prize: the prize is a short Python 2.2 script that allows you to compute " +"the 2.3 MRO without risk to your brain. Simply change the last line to play" +" with the various examples I have discussed in this paper.::" +msgstr "" +"本节是为没有耐心的读者准备的，他们会跳过前面的所有章节，直接跳到结尾。 这部分也是为懒惰的程序员准备的，因为他们不想动脑筋。 " +"最后，这部分也是为有些自负的程序员准备的，否则他/她就不会去阅读一篇关于多重继承层次结构中的 C3 方法解析顺序的论文了 ;-) 这三个优点合在一起（而" +" *不是* 分开）应该得到一个奖励：这个奖励就是一个简短的 Python 2.2 脚本，它可以在不影响你的大脑的情况下计算 2.3 MRO。 " +"只需修改最后一行就可以尝试我在本文中讨论的各种示例::" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:574 +msgid "" +"#\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"C3 algorithm by Samuele Pedroni (with readability enhanced by me).\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"class __metaclass__(type):\n" +" \"All classes are metamagically modified to be nicely printed\"\n" +" __repr__ = lambda cls: cls.__name__\n" +"\n" +"class ex_2:\n" +" \"Serious order disagreement\" #From Guido\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class X(O): pass\n" +" class Y(O): pass\n" +" class A(X,Y): pass\n" +" class B(Y,X): pass\n" +" try:\n" +" class Z(A,B): pass #creates Z(A,B) in Python 2.2\n" +" except TypeError:\n" +" pass # Z(A,B) cannot be created in Python 2.3\n" +"\n" +"class ex_5:\n" +" \"My first example\"\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class F(O): pass\n" +" class E(O): pass\n" +" class D(O): pass\n" +" class C(D,F): pass\n" +" class B(D,E): pass\n" +" class A(B,C): pass\n" +"\n" +"class ex_6:\n" +" \"My second example\"\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class F(O): pass\n" +" class E(O): pass\n" +" class D(O): pass\n" +" class C(D,F): pass\n" +" class B(E,D): pass\n" +" class A(B,C): pass\n" +"\n" +"class ex_9:\n" +" \"Difference between Python 2.2 MRO and C3\" #From Samuele\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class A(O): pass\n" +" class B(O): pass\n" +" class C(O): pass\n" +" class D(O): pass\n" +" class E(O): pass\n" +" class K1(A,B,C): pass\n" +" class K2(D,B,E): pass\n" +" class K3(D,A): pass\n" +" class Z(K1,K2,K3): pass\n" +"\n" +"def merge(seqs):\n" +" print '\\n\\nCPL[%s]=%s' % (seqs[0][0],seqs),\n" +" res = []; i=0\n" +" while 1:\n" +" nonemptyseqs=[seq for seq in seqs if seq]\n" +" if not nonemptyseqs: return res\n" +" i+=1; print '\\n',i,'round: candidates...',\n" +" for seq in nonemptyseqs: # find merge candidates among seq heads\n" +" cand = seq[0]; print ' ',cand,\n" +" nothead=[s for s in nonemptyseqs if cand in s[1:]]\n" +" if nothead: cand=None #reject candidate\n" +" else: break\n" +" if not cand: raise \"Inconsistent hierarchy\"\n" +" res.append(cand)\n" +" for seq in nonemptyseqs: # remove cand\n" +" if seq[0] == cand: del seq[0]\n" +"\n" +"def mro(C):\n" +" \"Compute the class precedence list (mro) according to C3\"\n" +" return merge([[C]]+map(mro,C.__bases__)+[list(C.__bases__)])\n" +"\n" +"def print_mro(C):\n" +" print '\\nMRO[%s]=%s' % (C,mro(C))\n" +" print '\\nP22 MRO[%s]=%s' % (C,C.mro())\n" +"\n" +"print_mro(ex_9.Z)\n" +"\n" +"#" +msgstr "" +"#\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"C3 algorithm by Samuele Pedroni (with readability enhanced by me).\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"class __metaclass__(type):\n" +" \"All classes are metamagically modified to be nicely printed\"\n" +" __repr__ = lambda cls: cls.__name__\n" +"\n" +"class ex_2:\n" +" \"Serious order disagreement\" #From Guido\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class X(O): pass\n" +" class Y(O): pass\n" +" class A(X,Y): pass\n" +" class B(Y,X): pass\n" +" try:\n" +" class Z(A,B): pass #creates Z(A,B) in Python 2.2\n" +" except TypeError:\n" +" pass # Z(A,B) cannot be created in Python 2.3\n" +"\n" +"class ex_5:\n" +" \"My first example\"\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class F(O): pass\n" +" class E(O): pass\n" +" class D(O): pass\n" +" class C(D,F): pass\n" +" class B(D,E): pass\n" +" class A(B,C): pass\n" +"\n" +"class ex_6:\n" +" \"My second example\"\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class F(O): pass\n" +" class E(O): pass\n" +" class D(O): pass\n" +" class C(D,F): pass\n" +" class B(E,D): pass\n" +" class A(B,C): pass\n" +"\n" +"class ex_9:\n" +" \"Difference between Python 2.2 MRO and C3\" #From Samuele\n" +" class O: pass\n" +" class A(O): pass\n" +" class B(O): pass\n" +" class C(O): pass\n" +" class D(O): pass\n" +" class E(O): pass\n" +" class K1(A,B,C): pass\n" +" class K2(D,B,E): pass\n" +" class K3(D,A): pass\n" +" class Z(K1,K2,K3): pass\n" +"\n" +"def merge(seqs):\n" +" print '\\n\\nCPL[%s]=%s' % (seqs[0][0],seqs),\n" +" res = []; i=0\n" +" while 1:\n" +" nonemptyseqs=[seq for seq in seqs if seq]\n" +" if not nonemptyseqs: return res\n" +" i+=1; print '\\n',i,'round: candidates...',\n" +" for seq in nonemptyseqs: # find merge candidates among seq heads\n" +" cand = seq[0]; print ' ',cand,\n" +" nothead=[s for s in nonemptyseqs if cand in s[1:]]\n" +" if nothead: cand=None #reject candidate\n" +" else: break\n" +" if not cand: raise \"Inconsistent hierarchy\"\n" +" res.append(cand)\n" +" for seq in nonemptyseqs: # remove cand\n" +" if seq[0] == cand: del seq[0]\n" +"\n" +"def mro(C):\n" +" \"Compute the class precedence list (mro) according to C3\"\n" +" return merge([[C]]+map(mro,C.__bases__)+[list(C.__bases__)])\n" +"\n" +"def print_mro(C):\n" +" print '\\nMRO[%s]=%s' % (C,mro(C))\n" +" print '\\nP22 MRO[%s]=%s' % (C,C.mro())\n" +"\n" +"print_mro(ex_9.Z)\n" +"\n" +"#" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:656 +msgid "That's all folks," +msgstr "就是这样了朋友们，" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:658 +msgid "enjoy !" +msgstr "好好享受吧！" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:662 +msgid "Resources" +msgstr "参考资源" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:664 +msgid "" +"The thread on python-dev started by Samuele Pedroni: " +"https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2002-October/029035.html" +msgstr "" +"由 Samuele Pedroni 在 python-dev 发起的讨论: " +"https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2002-October/029035.html" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:667 +msgid "" +"The paper *A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan*: " +"https://doi.org/10.1145/236337.236343" +msgstr "" +"论文 *A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan*: " +"https://doi.org/10.1145/236337.236343" + +#: ../../howto/mro.rst:670 +msgid "" +"Guido van Rossum's essay, *Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2*: " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20140210194412/http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.2/descrintro" +msgstr "" +"Guido van Rossum 的文章，*Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2*: " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20140210194412/http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.2/descrintro" diff --git a/howto/perf_profiling.po b/howto/perf_profiling.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13a92ce07 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/perf_profiling.po @@ -0,0 +1,567 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-24 13:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:7 +msgid "Python support for the Linux ``perf`` profiler" +msgstr "Python 对 Linux ``perf`` 性能分析器的支持" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:0 +msgid "author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:9 +msgid "Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "Pablo Galindo" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:11 +msgid "" +"`The Linux perf profiler `_ is a very powerful" +" tool that allows you to profile and obtain information about the " +"performance of your application. ``perf`` also has a very vibrant ecosystem " +"of tools that aid with the analysis of the data that it produces." +msgstr "" +"`Linux perf 性能分析器 `_ " +"是一个非常强大的工具，它允许你分析并获取有关你的应用程序运行性能的信息。 ``perf`` 还拥有一个非常活跃的工具生态系统可以帮助分析它所产生的数据。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The main problem with using the ``perf`` profiler with Python applications " +"is that ``perf`` only gets information about native symbols, that is, the " +"names of functions and procedures written in C. This means that the names " +"and file names of Python functions in your code will not appear in the " +"output of ``perf``." +msgstr "" +"将 ``perf`` 性能分析器与 Python 应用程序配合使用的主要问题在于 ``perf`` 只能获取原生符号的信息，即以 C " +"编写的函数和过程的名称。 这意味着在你的代码中的 Python 函数名称和文件名称将不会出现在 ``perf`` 输出中。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.12, the interpreter can run in a special mode that allows " +"Python functions to appear in the output of the ``perf`` profiler. When this" +" mode is enabled, the interpreter will interpose a small piece of code " +"compiled on the fly before the execution of every Python function and it " +"will teach ``perf`` the relationship between this piece of code and the " +"associated Python function using :doc:`perf map files <../c-api/perfmaps>`." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.12 开始，解释器可以运行于一个允许 ``perf`` 性能分析器的输出中显示 Python 函数的特殊模式下。 " +"当启用此模式时，解释器将在每个 Python 函数执行之前插入一小段即时编译的代码，它将使用 :doc:`perf 映射文件 " +"<../c-api/perfmaps>` 来告知 ``perf`` 这段代码与相关联的 Python 函数之间的关系。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Support for the ``perf`` profiler is currently only available for Linux on " +"select architectures. Check the output of the ``configure`` build step or " +"check the output of ``python -m sysconfig | grep HAVE_PERF_TRAMPOLINE`` to " +"see if your system is supported." +msgstr "" +"对 ``perf`` 性能分析器的支持目前仅在特定架构的 Linux 上可用。 请检查 ``configure`` 构建步骤的输出或检查 " +"``python -m sysconfig | grep HAVE_PERF_TRAMPOLINE`` 的输出来确定你的系统是否受到支持。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:36 +msgid "For example, consider the following script:" +msgstr "例如，考虑以下脚本:" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:38 +msgid "" +"def foo(n):\n" +" result = 0\n" +" for _ in range(n):\n" +" result += 1\n" +" return result\n" +"\n" +"def bar(n):\n" +" foo(n)\n" +"\n" +"def baz(n):\n" +" bar(n)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" baz(1000000)" +msgstr "" +"def foo(n):\n" +" result = 0\n" +" for _ in range(n):\n" +" result += 1\n" +" return result\n" +"\n" +"def bar(n):\n" +" foo(n)\n" +"\n" +"def baz(n):\n" +" bar(n)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" baz(1000000)" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:55 +msgid "We can run ``perf`` to sample CPU stack traces at 9999 hertz::" +msgstr "我们可以运行 ``perf`` 以 9999 赫兹的频率来对 CPU 栈追踪信息进行采样::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:57 +msgid "$ perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python my_script.py" +msgstr "$ perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python my_script.py" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:59 +msgid "Then we can use ``perf report`` to analyze the data:" +msgstr "然后我们可以使用 ``perf report`` 来分析数据:" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:61 +msgid "" +"$ perf report --stdio -n -g\n" +"\n" +"# Children Self Samples Command Shared Object Symbol\n" +"# ........ ........ ............ .......... .................. ..........................................\n" +"#\n" +" 91.08% 0.00% 0 python.exe python.exe [.] _start\n" +" |\n" +" ---_start\n" +" |\n" +" --90.71%--__libc_start_main\n" +" Py_BytesMain\n" +" |\n" +" |--56.88%--pymain_run_python.constprop.0\n" +" | |\n" +" | |--56.13%--_PyRun_AnyFileObject\n" +" | | _PyRun_SimpleFileObject\n" +" | | |\n" +" | | |--55.02%--run_mod\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | --54.65%--PyEval_EvalCode\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | |--51.67%--_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | | |\n" +" | | | | |--11.52%--_PyLong_Add\n" +" | | | | | |\n" +" | | | | | |--2.97%--_PyObject_Malloc\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"$ perf report --stdio -n -g\n" +"\n" +"# Children Self Samples Command Shared Object Symbol\n" +"# ........ ........ ............ .......... .................. ..........................................\n" +"#\n" +" 91.08% 0.00% 0 python.exe python.exe [.] _start\n" +" |\n" +" ---_start\n" +" |\n" +" --90.71%--__libc_start_main\n" +" Py_BytesMain\n" +" |\n" +" |--56.88%--pymain_run_python.constprop.0\n" +" | |\n" +" | |--56.13%--_PyRun_AnyFileObject\n" +" | | _PyRun_SimpleFileObject\n" +" | | |\n" +" | | |--55.02%--run_mod\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | --54.65%--PyEval_EvalCode\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | |--51.67%--_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | | |\n" +" | | | | |--11.52%--_PyLong_Add\n" +" | | | | | |\n" +" | | | | | |--2.97%--_PyObject_Malloc\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:100 +msgid "" +"As you can see, the Python functions are not shown in the output, only " +"``_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault`` (the function that evaluates the Python " +"bytecode) shows up. Unfortunately that's not very useful because all Python " +"functions use the same C function to evaluate bytecode so we cannot know " +"which Python function corresponds to which bytecode-evaluating function." +msgstr "" +"如你所见，Python 函数不会显示在输出中，只有 ``_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault`` (评估 Python 字节码的函数) " +"会显示出来。 不幸的是那没有什么用处因为所有 Python 函数都使用相同的 C 函数来评估字节码所以我们无法知道哪个 Python " +"函数与哪个字节码评估函数相对应。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Instead, if we run the same experiment with ``perf`` support enabled we get:" +msgstr "相反，如果我们在启用 ``perf`` 支持的情况下运行相同的实验代码我们将获得:" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:107 +msgid "" +"$ perf report --stdio -n -g\n" +"\n" +"# Children Self Samples Command Shared Object Symbol\n" +"# ........ ........ ............ .......... .................. .....................................................................\n" +"#\n" +" 90.58% 0.36% 1 python.exe python.exe [.] _start\n" +" |\n" +" ---_start\n" +" |\n" +" --89.86%--__libc_start_main\n" +" Py_BytesMain\n" +" |\n" +" |--55.43%--pymain_run_python.constprop.0\n" +" | |\n" +" | |--54.71%--_PyRun_AnyFileObject\n" +" | | _PyRun_SimpleFileObject\n" +" | | |\n" +" | | |--53.62%--run_mod\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | --53.26%--PyEval_EvalCode\n" +" | | | py:::/src/script.py\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | py::baz:/src/script.py\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | py::bar:/src/script.py\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | py::foo:/src/script.py\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | |--51.81%--_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | | |\n" +" | | | | |--13.77%--_PyLong_Add\n" +" | | | | | |\n" +" | | | | | |--3.26%--_PyObject_Malloc" +msgstr "" +"$ perf report --stdio -n -g\n" +"\n" +"# Children Self Samples Command Shared Object Symbol\n" +"# ........ ........ ............ .......... .................. .....................................................................\n" +"#\n" +" 90.58% 0.36% 1 python.exe python.exe [.] _start\n" +" |\n" +" ---_start\n" +" |\n" +" --89.86%--__libc_start_main\n" +" Py_BytesMain\n" +" |\n" +" |--55.43%--pymain_run_python.constprop.0\n" +" | |\n" +" | |--54.71%--_PyRun_AnyFileObject\n" +" | | _PyRun_SimpleFileObject\n" +" | | |\n" +" | | |--53.62%--run_mod\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | --53.26%--PyEval_EvalCode\n" +" | | | py:::/src/script.py\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | py::baz:/src/script.py\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | py::bar:/src/script.py\n" +" | | | _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | PyObject_Vectorcall\n" +" | | | _PyEval_Vector\n" +" | | | py::foo:/src/script.py\n" +" | | | |\n" +" | | | |--51.81%--_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault\n" +" | | | | |\n" +" | | | | |--13.77%--_PyLong_Add\n" +" | | | | | |\n" +" | | | | | |--3.26%--_PyObject_Malloc" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:152 +msgid "How to enable ``perf`` profiling support" +msgstr "如何启用 ``perf`` 性能分析支持" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:154 +msgid "" +"``perf`` profiling support can be enabled either from the start using the " +"environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` or the :option:`-X perf " +"<-X>` option, or dynamically using :func:`sys.activate_stack_trampoline` and" +" :func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline`." +msgstr "" +"要启动 ``perf`` 性能分析支持可以通过使用环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` 或 :option:`-X perf" +" <-X>` 选项，或者动态地使用 :func:`sys.activate_stack_trampoline` 和 " +":func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline` 来运行。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sys` functions take precedence over the :option:`!-X` option, the" +" :option:`!-X` option takes precedence over the environment variable." +msgstr ":mod:`!sys` 函数的优先级高于 :option:`!-X` 选项，:option:`!-X` 选项的优先级高于环境变量。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:163 +msgid "Example, using the environment variable::" +msgstr "示例，使用环境变量::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:165 +msgid "" +"$ PYTHONPERFSUPPORT=1 perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python my_script.py\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.data" +msgstr "" +"$ PYTHONPERFSUPPORT=1 perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python my_script.py\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.data" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:168 +msgid "Example, using the :option:`!-X` option::" +msgstr "示例，使用 :option:`!-X` 选项::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:170 +msgid "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python -X perf my_script.py\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.data" +msgstr "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python -X perf my_script.py\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.data" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:173 +msgid "Example, using the :mod:`sys` APIs in file :file:`example.py`:" +msgstr "示例，在文件 :file:`example.py` 中使用 :mod:`sys` API:" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:175 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"sys.activate_stack_trampoline(\"perf\")\n" +"do_profiled_stuff()\n" +"sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline()\n" +"\n" +"non_profiled_stuff()" +msgstr "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"sys.activate_stack_trampoline(\"perf\")\n" +"do_profiled_stuff()\n" +"sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline()\n" +"\n" +"non_profiled_stuff()" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:185 +msgid "...then::" +msgstr "...然后::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:187 +msgid "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python ./example.py\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.data" +msgstr "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -o perf.data python ./example.py\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.data" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:192 +msgid "How to obtain the best results" +msgstr "如何获取最佳结果" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:194 +msgid "" +"For best results, Python should be compiled with ``CFLAGS=\"-fno-omit-frame-" +"pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer\"`` as this allows profilers to unwind " +"using only the frame pointer and not on DWARF debug information. This is " +"because as the code that is interposed to allow ``perf`` support is " +"dynamically generated it doesn't have any DWARF debugging information " +"available." +msgstr "" +"要获取最佳结果，Python 应当使用 ``CFLAGS=\"-fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-" +"pointer\"`` 来编译因为这将允许性能分析器仅使用帧指针而不是基于 DWARF 调试信息进行展开。 这是因为被插入以允许 ``perf`` " +"支持的代码是动态生成的所以它没有任何 DWARF 调试信息可用。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:201 +msgid "" +"You can check if your system has been compiled with this flag by running::" +msgstr "你可以通过运行以下代码来检查你的系统是否为附带此旗标来编译的::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:203 +msgid "$ python -m sysconfig | grep 'no-omit-frame-pointer'" +msgstr "$ python -m sysconfig | grep 'no-omit-frame-pointer'" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:205 +msgid "" +"If you don't see any output it means that your interpreter has not been " +"compiled with frame pointers and therefore it may not be able to show Python" +" functions in the output of ``perf``." +msgstr "如果你没有看到任何输出则意味着你的解释器没有附带帧指针来编译因而它将无法在 ``perf`` 的输出中显示 Python 函数。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:211 +msgid "How to work without frame pointers" +msgstr "如何在不带帧指针的情况下使用" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:213 +msgid "" +"If you are working with a Python interpreter that has been compiled without " +"frame pointers, you can still use the ``perf`` profiler, but the overhead " +"will be a bit higher because Python needs to generate unwinding information " +"for every Python function call on the fly. Additionally, ``perf`` will take " +"more time to process the data because it will need to use the DWARF " +"debugging information to unwind the stack and this is a slow process." +msgstr "" +"如果你使用在不带帧指针的情况下编译的 Python 解释器，你仍然可以使用 ``perf`` 性能分析器，但会有较高的资源开销因为 Python " +"需要为每个 Python 函数即时生成回撤信息。 此外，``perf`` 将花费更多时间来处理数据因为它需要使用 DWARF " +"调试信息来回撤栈而这是一个缓慢的过程。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:220 +msgid "" +"To enable this mode, you can use the environment variable " +":envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` or the :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` option, " +"which will enable the JIT mode for the ``perf`` profiler." +msgstr "" +"要启用此模式，你可以使用环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` 或 :option:`-X perf_jit " +"<-X>` 选项，它将为 ``perf`` 性能分析器启用 JIT 模式。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Due to a bug in the ``perf`` tool, only ``perf`` versions higher than v6.8 " +"will work with the JIT mode. The fix was also backported to the v6.7.2 " +"version of the tool." +msgstr "" +"由于 ``perf`` 工具的一个程序错误，只有 ``perf`` 版本号高于 v6.8 才能使用 JIT 模式。 修复也向下移植到了此工具的 " +"v6.7.2 版。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Note that when checking the version of the ``perf`` tool (which can be done " +"by running ``perf version``) you must take into account that some distros " +"add some custom version numbers including a ``-`` character. This means " +"that ``perf 6.7-3`` is not necessarily ``perf 6.7.3``." +msgstr "" +"请注意在检测 ``perf`` 工具的版本时（这可通过运行 ``perf version`` 来完成）你必须将某些发行版添加包括了 ``-`` " +"字符的自定义版本号纳入考虑。 这意味着 ``perf 6.7-3`` 不一定等于 ``perf 6.7.3``。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:235 +msgid "" +"When using the perf JIT mode, you need an extra step before you can run " +"``perf report``. You need to call the ``perf inject`` command to inject the " +"JIT information into the ``perf.data`` file.::" +msgstr "" +"当使用 perf JIT 模式时，在你运行 ``perf report`` 之前你还需要一个额外的步骤。 你需要调用 ``perf inject`` " +"命令来将 JIT 信息注入 ``perf.data`` 文件。::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:239 +msgid "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -k 1 --call-graph dwarf -o perf.data python -Xperf_jit my_script.py\n" +"$ perf inject -i perf.data --jit --output perf.jit.data\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.jit.data" +msgstr "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -k 1 --call-graph dwarf -o perf.data python -Xperf_jit my_script.py\n" +"$ perf inject -i perf.data --jit --output perf.jit.data\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.jit.data" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:243 +msgid "or using the environment variable::" +msgstr "或者使用环境变量::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:245 +msgid "" +"$ PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT=1 perf record -F 9999 -g --call-graph dwarf -o perf.data python my_script.py\n" +"$ perf inject -i perf.data --jit --output perf.jit.data\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.jit.data" +msgstr "" +"$ PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT=1 perf record -F 9999 -g --call-graph dwarf -o perf.data python my_script.py\n" +"$ perf inject -i perf.data --jit --output perf.jit.data\n" +"$ perf report -g -i perf.jit.data" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:249 +msgid "" +"``perf inject --jit`` command will read ``perf.data``, automatically pick up" +" the perf dump file that Python creates (in ``/tmp/perf-$PID.dump``), and " +"then create ``perf.jit.data`` which merges all the JIT information together." +" It should also create a lot of ``jitted-XXXX-N.so`` files in the current " +"directory which are ELF images for all the JIT trampolines that were created" +" by Python." +msgstr "" +"``perf inject --jit`` 命令将读取 ``perf.data``，自动获取 Python 创建的 perf 转储文件（在 " +"``/tmp/perf-$PID.dump`` 中），然后创建将所有 JIT 信息合并到一起的 ``perf.jit.data`` 文件。 " +"它还会在当前目录下创建大量 ``jitted-XXXX-N.so`` 文件，它们是 Python 所创建的所有 JIT 中间数据的 ELF 映像。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:257 +msgid "" +"When using ``--call-graph dwarf``, the ``perf`` tool will take snapshots of " +"the stack of the process being profiled and save the information in the " +"``perf.data`` file. By default, the size of the stack dump is 8192 bytes, " +"but you can change the size by passing it after a comma like ``--call-graph " +"dwarf,16384``." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``--call-graph dwarf`` 时，``perf`` 工具将对被分析进程的栈打快照并将信息保存在 ``perf.data`` " +"文件中。 在默认情况下，栈转储的大小为 8192 字节，但你可以通过额外传入一个逗号加数值如 ``--call-graph dwarf,16384`` " +"来改变这个大小。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The size of the stack dump is important because if the size is too small " +"``perf`` will not be able to unwind the stack and the output will be " +"incomplete. On the other hand, if the size is too big, then ``perf`` won't " +"be able to sample the process as frequently as it would like as the overhead" +" will be higher." +msgstr "" +"栈转储的大小很重要因为如果这个值太小 ``perf`` 将无法展开栈信息而输出将不完整。 另一方面，如果这个值太大，那么 ``perf`` " +"将无法按需以足够的频率对进程执行采样因为那样资源开销会过高。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The stack size is particularly important when profiling Python code compiled" +" with low optimization levels (like ``-O0``), as these builds tend to have " +"larger stack frames. If you are compiling Python with ``-O0`` and not seeing" +" Python functions in your profiling output, try increasing the stack dump " +"size to 65528 bytes (the maximum)::" +msgstr "" +"栈大小在对使用较低优化级别 (如 ``-O0``) 编译的 Python 代码进行性能分析时更为重要，因为这类构建版往往有更大的栈帧。 如果你是使用 " +"``-O0`` 来编译 Python 并且没有在你的性能分析输出中看到 Python 函数，请尝试将栈转储大小增加到 65528 字节 (最大值)::" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:275 +msgid "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -k 1 --call-graph dwarf,65528 -o perf.data python " +"-Xperf_jit my_script.py" +msgstr "" +"$ perf record -F 9999 -g -k 1 --call-graph dwarf,65528 -o perf.data python " +"-Xperf_jit my_script.py" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:277 +msgid "Different compilation flags can significantly impact stack sizes:" +msgstr "不同的编译旗标可能显著地影响栈大小：" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Builds with ``-O0`` typically have much larger stack frames than those with " +"``-O1`` or higher" +msgstr "使用 ``-O0`` 构建通常会比使用 ``-O1`` 或更高的值具有大得多的栈帧数。" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:280 +msgid "" +"Adding optimizations (``-O1``, ``-O2``, etc.) typically reduces stack size" +msgstr "添加优化 (``-O1``, ``-O2`` 等) 通常会减小栈大小" + +#: ../../howto/perf_profiling.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Frame pointers (``-fno-omit-frame-pointer``) generally provide more reliable" +" stack unwinding" +msgstr "帧指针 (``-fno-omit-frame-pointer``) 通常会提供更可靠的栈展开" diff --git a/howto/pyporting.po b/howto/pyporting.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5615a81a --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/pyporting.po @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# telnetning , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:7 +msgid "How to port Python 2 Code to Python 3" +msgstr "如何将 Python 2 代码移植到 Python 3" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:0 +msgid "author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:9 +msgid "Brett Cannon" +msgstr "Brett Cannon" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Python 2 reached its official end-of-life at the start of 2020. This means " +"that no new bug reports, fixes, or changes will be made to Python 2 - it's " +"no longer supported: see :pep:`373` and `status of Python versions " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"Python 2 生命期在 2020 年初正式结束。 这意味着 Python 2 将不再有新的错误报告、修复或更改 —— 它已不再受到支持：请参阅 " +":pep:`373` 和 `Python 版本的状态 `_。" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:16 +msgid "" +"If you are looking to port an extension module instead of pure Python code, " +"please see :ref:`cporting-howto`." +msgstr "如果您希望迁移扩展模块而不是纯 Python 代码，请参阅 :ref:`cporting-howto`。" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The archived python-porting_ mailing list may contain some useful guidance." +msgstr "已归档的 python-porting_ 邮件列表可能包含一些有用的指导。" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.11 the original porting guide was discontinued. You can find " +"the old guide in the `archive " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"自 Python 3.11 开始原来的移植指南已不再可用。 你可以在 `归档 " +"`_ 中找到这个旧指南。" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:27 +msgid "Third-party guides" +msgstr "第三方指南" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:29 +msgid "There are also multiple third-party guides that might be useful:" +msgstr "还存在多个第三方指南可能对你有帮助：" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:31 +msgid "`Guide by Fedora `_" +msgstr "`Fedora 的指南 `_" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:32 +msgid "`PyCon 2020 tutorial `_" +msgstr "`PyCon 2020 教程 `_" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:33 +msgid "" +"`Guide by DigitalOcean " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`DigitalOcean 的指南 `_" + +#: ../../howto/pyporting.rst:34 +msgid "" +"`Guide by ActiveState `_" +msgstr "" +"`ActiveState 的指南 `_" diff --git a/howto/regex.po b/howto/regex.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74d6f5e5c --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/regex.po @@ -0,0 +1,2756 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# 操旭 , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# Chris Lau, 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:5 +msgid "Regular Expression HOWTO" +msgstr "正则表达式指南" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:7 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling " +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling " + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst-1 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "摘要" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This document is an introductory tutorial to using regular expressions in " +"Python with the :mod:`re` module. It provides a gentler introduction than " +"the corresponding section in the Library Reference." +msgstr "本文是关于在 Python 中通过 :mod:`re` 模块使用正则表达式的入门教程。它提供了比“标准库参考”的相关章节更平易的介绍。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:24 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "引言" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Regular expressions (called REs, or regexes, or regex patterns) are " +"essentially a tiny, highly specialized programming language embedded inside " +"Python and made available through the :mod:`re` module. Using this little " +"language, you specify the rules for the set of possible strings that you " +"want to match; this set might contain English sentences, or e-mail " +"addresses, or TeX commands, or anything you like. You can then ask " +"questions such as \"Does this string match the pattern?\", or \"Is there a " +"match for the pattern anywhere in this string?\". You can also use REs to " +"modify a string or to split it apart in various ways." +msgstr "" +"正则表达式（Regular expressions，也叫 REs、 regexs 或 regex patterns），本质上是嵌入 Python " +"内部并通过 :mod:`re` " +"模块提供的一种微小的、高度专业化的编程语言。使用这种小语言，你可以为想要匹配的可能字符串编写规则；这些字符串可能是英文句子、邮箱地址、TeX " +"命令或任何你喜欢的内容。然后，你可以提出诸如“此字符串是否与表达式匹配？”、“字符串中是否存在表达式的匹配项？”之类的问题。你还可以用正则来修改字符串，或以各种方式将其拆分。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Regular expression patterns are compiled into a series of bytecodes which " +"are then executed by a matching engine written in C. For advanced use, it " +"may be necessary to pay careful attention to how the engine will execute a " +"given RE, and write the RE in a certain way in order to produce bytecode " +"that runs faster. Optimization isn't covered in this document, because it " +"requires that you have a good understanding of the matching engine's " +"internals." +msgstr "" +"正则表达式会被编译成一系列字节码，然后由 C " +"语言编写的匹配引擎执行。对于高级用途，可能有必要特别注意引擎将如何执行一个给定的正则，并以某种方式写入正则，以生成运行更快的字节码。本文不涉及优化问题，因为这要求你对正则引擎的匹配过程有很好的了解。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:42 +msgid "" +"The regular expression language is relatively small and restricted, so not " +"all possible string processing tasks can be done using regular expressions." +" There are also tasks that *can* be done with regular expressions, but the " +"expressions turn out to be very complicated. In these cases, you may be " +"better off writing Python code to do the processing; while Python code will " +"be slower than an elaborate regular expression, it will also probably be " +"more understandable." +msgstr "" +"正则表达式语言相对较小且受限，因此并非所有可能的字符串处理任务都可以使用正则表达式完成。有些任务尽管 *可以* " +"用正则表达式来完成，但表达式会变得非常复杂。 这些情况下，最好通过编写 Python 代码来进行处理。 也许 Python " +"代码会比精心设计的正则表达式慢，但它可能更容易理解。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:51 +msgid "Simple Patterns" +msgstr "简单正则" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:53 +msgid "" +"We'll start by learning about the simplest possible regular expressions. " +"Since regular expressions are used to operate on strings, we'll begin with " +"the most common task: matching characters." +msgstr "让我们从最简单的正则表达式开始吧。由于正则表达式是用来操作字符串的，我们将从最常见的任务开始：匹配字符。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:57 +msgid "" +"For a detailed explanation of the computer science underlying regular " +"expressions (deterministic and non-deterministic finite automata), you can " +"refer to almost any textbook on writing compilers." +msgstr "关于正则表达式背后的计算机科学的详细解释（确定性和非确定性有限自动机），你可以参考几乎所有关于编写编译器的教科书。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:63 +msgid "Matching Characters" +msgstr "匹配字符" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Most letters and characters will simply match themselves. For example, the " +"regular expression ``test`` will match the string ``test`` exactly. (You " +"can enable a case-insensitive mode that would let this RE match ``Test`` or " +"``TEST`` as well; more about this later.)" +msgstr "" +"大多数字母和符号都会简单地匹配自身。例如，正则表达式 ``test`` 将会精确地匹配到 ``test`` " +"。（你可以启用不区分大小写模式，让这个正则也匹配 ``Test`` 或 ``TEST`` ，稍后会详细介绍。）" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:70 +msgid "" +"There are exceptions to this rule; some characters are special " +":dfn:`metacharacters`, and don't match themselves. Instead, they signal " +"that some out-of-the-ordinary thing should be matched, or they affect other " +"portions of the RE by repeating them or changing their meaning. Much of " +"this document is devoted to discussing various metacharacters and what they " +"do." +msgstr "" +"但该规则有例外。有些字符是特殊的 " +":dfn:`元字符（metacharacters）`，并不匹配自身。事实上，它们表示匹配一些非常规的内容，或者通过重复它们或改变它们的含义来影响正则的其他部分。本文的大部分内容都致力于讨论各种元字符及其作用。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Here's a complete list of the metacharacters; their meanings will be " +"discussed in the rest of this HOWTO." +msgstr "这是元字符的完整列表。它们的含义将在本 HOWTO 的其余部分进行讨论。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:79 +msgid ". ^ $ * + ? { } [ ] \\ | ( )" +msgstr ". ^ $ * + ? { } [ ] \\ | ( )" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:83 +msgid "" +"The first metacharacters we'll look at are ``[`` and ``]``. They're used for" +" specifying a character class, which is a set of characters that you wish to" +" match. Characters can be listed individually, or a range of characters can" +" be indicated by giving two characters and separating them by a ``'-'``. " +"For example, ``[abc]`` will match any of the characters ``a``, ``b``, or " +"``c``; this is the same as ``[a-c]``, which uses a range to express the same" +" set of characters. If you wanted to match only lowercase letters, your RE " +"would be ``[a-z]``." +msgstr "" +"首先介绍的元字符是 ``[`` 和 ``]`` " +"。这两个元字符用于指定一个字符类，也就是你希望匹配的字符的一个集合。这些字符可以单独地列出，也可以用字符范围来表示（给出两个字符并用 ``'-'`` " +"分隔）。例如，``[abc]`` 将匹配 ``a``、``b``、``c`` 之中的任意一个字符；这与 ``[a-c]`` " +"相同，后者使用一个范围来表达相同的字符集合。如果只想匹配小写字母，则正则表达式将是 ``[a-z]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Metacharacters (except ``\\``) are not active inside classes. For example, " +"``[akm$]`` will match any of the characters ``'a'``, ``'k'``, ``'m'``, or " +"``'$'``; ``'$'`` is usually a metacharacter, but inside a character class " +"it's stripped of its special nature." +msgstr "" +"元字符 (除了 ``\\``) 在字符类中是不起作用的。 例如，``[akm$]`` 将会匹配以下任一字符 ``'a'``, ``'k'``, " +"``'m'`` 或 ``'$'``；``'$'`` 通常是一个元字符，但在一个字符类中它的特殊性被消除了。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:97 +msgid "" +"You can match the characters not listed within the class by " +":dfn:`complementing` the set. This is indicated by including a ``'^'`` as " +"the first character of the class. For example, ``[^5]`` will match any " +"character except ``'5'``. If the caret appears elsewhere in a character " +"class, it does not have special meaning. For example: ``[5^]`` will match " +"either a ``'5'`` or a ``'^'``." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过对集合 :dfn:`取反` 来匹配字符类中未列出的字符。方法是把 ``'^'`` 放在字符类的最开头。 例如，``[^5]`` 将匹配除 " +"``'5'`` 之外的任何字符。 如果插入符出现在字符类的其他位置，则它没有特殊含义。 例如：``[5^]`` 将匹配 ``'5'`` 或 " +"``'^'``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Perhaps the most important metacharacter is the backslash, ``\\``. As in " +"Python string literals, the backslash can be followed by various characters " +"to signal various special sequences. It's also used to escape all the " +"metacharacters so you can still match them in patterns; for example, if you " +"need to match a ``[`` or ``\\``, you can precede them with a backslash to " +"remove their special meaning: ``\\[`` or ``\\\\``." +msgstr "" +"也许最重要的元字符是反斜杠，``\\`` 。 与 Python " +"字符串字面量一样，反斜杠后面可以跟各种字符来表示各种特殊序列。它还用于转义元字符，以便可以在表达式中匹配元字符本身。例如，如果需要匹配一个 ``[`` " +"或 ``\\`` ，可以在其前面加上一个反斜杠来消除它们的特殊含义：``\\[`` 或 ``\\\\`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Some of the special sequences beginning with ``'\\'`` represent predefined " +"sets of characters that are often useful, such as the set of digits, the set" +" of letters, or the set of anything that isn't whitespace." +msgstr "一些以 ``'\\'`` 开头的特殊序列表示预定义的字符集合，这些字符集通常很有用，例如数字集合、字母集合或非空白字符集合。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Let's take an example: ``\\w`` matches any alphanumeric character. If the " +"regex pattern is expressed in bytes, this is equivalent to the class " +"``[a-zA-Z0-9_]``. If the regex pattern is a string, ``\\w`` will match all " +"the characters marked as letters in the Unicode database provided by the " +":mod:`unicodedata` module. You can use the more restricted definition of " +"``\\w`` in a string pattern by supplying the :const:`re.ASCII` flag when " +"compiling the regular expression." +msgstr "" +"让我们举一个例子：``\\w`` 匹配任何字母数字字符。 如果正则表达式以 bytes 类型表示，``\\w`` 相当于字符类 " +"``[a-zA-Z0-9_]`` 。如果正则表达式是 str 类型，``\\w`` 将匹配由 :mod:`unicodedata` 模块提供的 " +"Unicode 数据库中标记为字母的所有字符。 通过在编译正则表达式时提供 :const:`re.ASCII` 标志，可以在 str " +"表达式中使用较为狭窄的 ``\\w`` 定义。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The following list of special sequences isn't complete. For a complete list " +"of sequences and expanded class definitions for Unicode string patterns, see" +" the last part of :ref:`Regular Expression Syntax ` in the " +"Standard Library reference. In general, the Unicode versions match any " +"character that's in the appropriate category in the Unicode database." +msgstr "" +"以下为特殊序列的不完全列表。 有关 Unicode 字符串正则表达式的序列和扩展类定义的完整列表，参见标准库参考中 :ref:`正则表达式语法 ` 的最后一部分 。通常，Unicode 版本的字符类会匹配 Unicode 数据库的相应类别中的任何字符。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:130 +msgid "``\\d``" +msgstr "``\\d``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:131 +msgid "Matches any decimal digit; this is equivalent to the class ``[0-9]``." +msgstr "匹配任何十进制数字，等价于字符类 ``[0-9]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:133 +msgid "``\\D``" +msgstr "``\\D``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Matches any non-digit character; this is equivalent to the class ``[^0-9]``." +msgstr "匹配任何非数字字符，等价于字符类 ``[^0-9]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:136 +msgid "``\\s``" +msgstr "``\\s``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Matches any whitespace character; this is equivalent to the class ``[ " +"\\t\\n\\r\\f\\v]``." +msgstr "匹配任何空白字符，等价于字符类 ``[ \\t\\n\\r\\f\\v]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:140 +msgid "``\\S``" +msgstr "``\\S``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Matches any non-whitespace character; this is equivalent to the class ``[^ " +"\\t\\n\\r\\f\\v]``." +msgstr "匹配任何非空白字符，等价于字符类 ``[^ \\t\\n\\r\\f\\v]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:144 +msgid "``\\w``" +msgstr "``\\w``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Matches any alphanumeric character; this is equivalent to the class " +"``[a-zA-Z0-9_]``." +msgstr "匹配任何字母与数字字符，等价于字符类 ``[a-zA-Z0-9_]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:148 +msgid "``\\W``" +msgstr "``\\W``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Matches any non-alphanumeric character; this is equivalent to the class " +"``[^a-zA-Z0-9_]``." +msgstr "匹配任何非字母与数字字符，等价于字符类 ``[^a-zA-Z0-9_]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:152 +msgid "" +"These sequences can be included inside a character class. For example, " +"``[\\s,.]`` is a character class that will match any whitespace character, " +"or ``','`` or ``'.'``." +msgstr "这些序列可以包含在字符类中。 例如，``[\\s,.]`` 是一个匹配任何空白字符、``','`` 或 ``'.'`` 的字符类。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:156 +msgid "" +"The final metacharacter in this section is ``.``. It matches anything " +"except a newline character, and there's an alternate mode " +"(:const:`re.DOTALL`) where it will match even a newline. ``.`` is often " +"used where you want to match \"any character\"." +msgstr "" +"本节的最后一个元字符是 ``.`` 。 它匹配除换行符之外的任何字符，并且有一个可选模式（ :const:`re.DOTALL` " +"），在该模式下它甚至可以匹配换行符。 ``.`` 通常用于你想匹配“任何字符”的场景。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:163 +msgid "Repeating Things" +msgstr "重复" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Being able to match varying sets of characters is the first thing regular " +"expressions can do that isn't already possible with the methods available on" +" strings. However, if that was the only additional capability of regexes, " +"they wouldn't be much of an advance. Another capability is that you can " +"specify that portions of the RE must be repeated a certain number of times." +msgstr "" +"能够匹配各种各样的字符集合是正则表达式可以做到的第一件事，而这是字符串方法所不能做到的。但是，如果正则表达式就只有这么一个附加功能，它很难说的上有多大优势。另一个功能是，你可以指定正则的某部分必须重复一定的次数。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:171 +msgid "" +"The first metacharacter for repeating things that we'll look at is ``*``. " +"``*`` doesn't match the literal character ``'*'``; instead, it specifies " +"that the previous character can be matched zero or more times, instead of " +"exactly once." +msgstr "" +"我们先来说说重复元字符 ``*`` 。 ``*`` 并不是匹配一个字面字符 ``'*'`` " +"。实际上，它指定前一个字符可以匹配零次或更多次，而不是只匹配一次。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:175 +msgid "" +"For example, ``ca*t`` will match ``'ct'`` (0 ``'a'`` characters), ``'cat'`` " +"(1 ``'a'``), ``'caaat'`` (3 ``'a'`` characters), and so forth." +msgstr "" +"例如，``ca*t`` 将匹配 ``'ct'`` （ 0 个 ``'a'`` ）、``'cat'`` （ 1 个 ``'a'`` ）、 " +"``'caaat'`` （ 3 个 ``'a'`` ）等等。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Repetitions such as ``*`` are :dfn:`greedy`; when repeating a RE, the " +"matching engine will try to repeat it as many times as possible. If later " +"portions of the pattern don't match, the matching engine will then back up " +"and try again with fewer repetitions." +msgstr "" +"类似 ``*`` 这样的重复是 :dfn:`贪婪的` 。当重复正则时，匹配引擎将尝试重复尽可能多的次数。 " +"如果表达式的后续部分不匹配，则匹配引擎将回退并以较少的重复次数再次尝试。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:183 +msgid "" +"A step-by-step example will make this more obvious. Let's consider the " +"expression ``a[bcd]*b``. This matches the letter ``'a'``, zero or more " +"letters from the class ``[bcd]``, and finally ends with a ``'b'``. Now " +"imagine matching this RE against the string ``'abcbd'``." +msgstr "" +"通过一个逐步示例更容易理解这一点。让我们分析一下表达式 ``a[bcd]*b`` 。 该表达式首先匹配一个字母 ``'a'`` ，接着匹配字符类 " +"``[bcd]`` 中的零个或更多个字母，最后以一个 ``'b'`` 结尾。 现在想象一下用这个正则来匹配字符串 ``'abcbd'`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:189 +msgid "Step" +msgstr "步骤" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:189 +msgid "Matched" +msgstr "匹配" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:189 +msgid "Explanation" +msgstr "说明" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:191 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:191 +msgid "``a``" +msgstr "``a``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:191 +msgid "The ``a`` in the RE matches." +msgstr "正则中的 ``a`` 匹配成功。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:193 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:193 +msgid "``abcbd``" +msgstr "``abcbd``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:193 +msgid "" +"The engine matches ``[bcd]*``, going as far as it can, which is to the end " +"of the string." +msgstr "引擎尽可能多地匹配 ``[bcd]*`` ，直至字符串末尾。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:197 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:197 ../../howto/regex.rst:205 +msgid "*Failure*" +msgstr "*失败*" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The engine tries to match ``b``, but the current position is at the end of " +"the string, so it fails." +msgstr "引擎尝试匹配 ``b`` ，但是当前位置位于字符串末尾，所以匹配失败。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:202 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:202 ../../howto/regex.rst:213 +msgid "``abcb``" +msgstr "``abcb``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:202 +msgid "Back up, so that ``[bcd]*`` matches one less character." +msgstr "回退，让 ``[bcd]*`` 少匹配一个字符。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:205 +msgid "5" +msgstr "5" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Try ``b`` again, but the current position is at the last character, which is" +" a ``'d'``." +msgstr "再次尝试匹配 ``b`` ， 但是当前位置上的字符是最后一个字符 ``'d'`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:209 ../../howto/regex.rst:213 +msgid "6" +msgstr "6" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:209 +msgid "``abc``" +msgstr "``abc``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:209 +msgid "Back up again, so that ``[bcd]*`` is only matching ``bc``." +msgstr "再次回退，让 ``[bcd]*`` 只匹配 ``bc`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Try ``b`` again. This time the character at the current position is " +"``'b'``, so it succeeds." +msgstr "再次尝试匹配 ``b`` 。 这一次当前位置的字符是 ``'b'`` ，所以它成功了。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:219 +msgid "" +"The end of the RE has now been reached, and it has matched ``'abcb'``. This" +" demonstrates how the matching engine goes as far as it can at first, and if" +" no match is found it will then progressively back up and retry the rest of " +"the RE again and again. It will back up until it has tried zero matches for" +" ``[bcd]*``, and if that subsequently fails, the engine will conclude that " +"the string doesn't match the RE at all." +msgstr "" +"此时正则表达式已经到达了尽头，并且匹配到了 ``'abcb'`` 。 " +"这个例子演示了匹配引擎一开始会尽其所能地进行匹配，如果没有找到匹配，它将逐步回退并重试正则的剩余部分，如此往复，直至 ``[bcd]*`` " +"只匹配零次。如果随后的匹配还是失败了，那么引擎会宣告整个正则表达式与字符串匹配失败。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Another repeating metacharacter is ``+``, which matches one or more times. " +"Pay careful attention to the difference between ``*`` and ``+``; ``*`` " +"matches *zero* or more times, so whatever's being repeated may not be " +"present at all, while ``+`` requires at least *one* occurrence. To use a " +"similar example, ``ca+t`` will match ``'cat'`` (1 ``'a'``), ``'caaat'`` (3 " +"``'a'``\\ s), but won't match ``'ct'``." +msgstr "" +"另一个重复元字符是 ``+`` ，表示匹配一次或更多次。请注意 ``*`` 与 ``+`` 之间的差别。 ``*`` 表示匹配 *零次* " +"或更多次，也就是说它所重复的内容是可以完全不出现的。而 ``+`` 则要求至少出现一次。举一个类似的例子， ``ca+t`` 可以匹配 " +"``'cat'`` （ 1 个 ``'a'`` ）或 ``'caaat'`` （ 3 个 ``'a'``），但不能匹配 ``'ct'`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:233 +msgid "" +"There are two more repeating operators or quantifiers. The question mark " +"character, ``?``, matches either once or zero times; you can think of it as " +"marking something as being optional. For example, ``home-?brew`` matches " +"either ``'homebrew'`` or ``'home-brew'``." +msgstr "" +"此外还有两个重复操作符或限定符。 问号 ``?`` 表示匹配一次或零次；你可以认为它把某项内容变成了可选的。 例如，``home-?brew`` " +"可以匹配 ``'homebrew'`` 或 ``'home-brew'``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:238 +msgid "" +"The most complicated quantifier is ``{m,n}``, where *m* and *n* are decimal " +"integers. This quantifier means there must be at least *m* repetitions, and" +" at most *n*. For example, ``a/{1,3}b`` will match ``'a/b'``, ``'a//b'``, " +"and ``'a///b'``. It won't match ``'ab'``, which has no slashes, or " +"``'a////b'``, which has four." +msgstr "" +"最复杂的限定符是 ``{m,n}``，其中 *m* 和 *n* 都是十进制整数。 该限定符表示必须至少重复 *m* 次，至多重复 *n* 次。 " +"例如，``a/{1,3}b`` 将匹配 ``'a/b'``, ``'a//b'`` 和 ``'a///b'``。 它不能匹配 " +"``'ab'``，因为其中没有斜杠，也不能匹配 ``'a////b'``，因为其中有四个斜杠。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:244 +msgid "" +"You can omit either *m* or *n*; in that case, a reasonable value is assumed " +"for the missing value. Omitting *m* is interpreted as a lower limit of 0, " +"while omitting *n* results in an upper bound of infinity." +msgstr "" +"*m* 和 *n* 不是必填的，缺失的情况下会设定为默认值。缺失 *m* 会解释为最少重复 0 次 ，缺失 *n* 则解释为最多重复无限次。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:248 +msgid "" +"The simplest case ``{m}`` matches the preceding item exactly *m* times. For " +"example, ``a/{2}b`` will only match ``'a//b'``." +msgstr "最简单情况 ``{m}`` 将与前一项完全匹配 *m* 次。 例如，``a/{2}b`` 将只匹配 ``'a//b'``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Readers of a reductionist bent may notice that the three other quantifiers " +"can all be expressed using this notation. ``{0,}`` is the same as ``*``, " +"``{1,}`` is equivalent to ``+``, and ``{0,1}`` is the same as ``?``. It's " +"better to use ``*``, ``+``, or ``?`` when you can, simply because they're " +"shorter and easier to read." +msgstr "" +"细心的读者可能会注意到另外三个限定符都可以使用此标记法来表示。 ``{0,}`` 等同于 ``*``, ``{1,}`` 等同于 ``+``, 而 " +"``{0,1}`` 等同于 ``?``。 在可能的情况下使用 ``*``, ``+`` 或 ``?`` 会更好，因为它们更为简短易读。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:259 +msgid "Using Regular Expressions" +msgstr "使用正则表达式" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Now that we've looked at some simple regular expressions, how do we actually" +" use them in Python? The :mod:`re` module provides an interface to the " +"regular expression engine, allowing you to compile REs into objects and then" +" perform matches with them." +msgstr "" +"现在我们已经了解了一些简单的正则表达式，那么我们如何在 Python 中实际使用它们呢？ :mod:`re` " +"模块提供了正则表达式引擎的接口，可以让你将正则编译为对象，然后用它们来进行匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:268 +msgid "Compiling Regular Expressions" +msgstr "编译正则表达式" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Regular expressions are compiled into pattern objects, which have methods " +"for various operations such as searching for pattern matches or performing " +"string substitutions. ::" +msgstr "正则表达式被编译成模式对象，模式对象具有各种操作的方法，例如搜索模式匹配或执行字符串替换。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:274 +msgid "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> p = re.compile('ab*')\n" +">>> p\n" +"re.compile('ab*')" +msgstr "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> p = re.compile('ab*')\n" +">>> p\n" +"re.compile('ab*')" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:279 +msgid "" +":func:`re.compile` also accepts an optional *flags* argument, used to enable" +" various special features and syntax variations. We'll go over the " +"available settings later, but for now a single example will do::" +msgstr "" +":func:`re.compile` 也接受一个可选的 *flags* 参数，用于启用各种特殊功能和语法变体。 " +"我们稍后将介绍可用的设置，但现在只需一个例子 ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:283 +msgid ">>> p = re.compile('ab*', re.IGNORECASE)" +msgstr ">>> p = re.compile('ab*', re.IGNORECASE)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:285 +msgid "" +"The RE is passed to :func:`re.compile` as a string. REs are handled as " +"strings because regular expressions aren't part of the core Python language," +" and no special syntax was created for expressing them. (There are " +"applications that don't need REs at all, so there's no need to bloat the " +"language specification by including them.) Instead, the :mod:`re` module is " +"simply a C extension module included with Python, just like the " +":mod:`socket` or :mod:`zlib` modules." +msgstr "" +"正则作为字符串传递给 :func:`re.compile` 。 " +"正则被处理为字符串，因为正则表达式不是核心Python语言的一部分，并且没有创建用于表达它们的特殊语法。 " +"（有些应用程序根本不需要正则，因此不需要通过包含它们来扩展语言规范。）相反，:mod:`re` 模块只是Python附带的C扩展模块，就类似于 " +":mod:`socket` 或 :mod:`zlib` 模块。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Putting REs in strings keeps the Python language simpler, but has one " +"disadvantage which is the topic of the next section." +msgstr "将正则放在字符串中可以使 Python 语言更简单，但有一个缺点是下一节的主题。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:299 +msgid "The Backslash Plague" +msgstr "反斜杠灾难" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:301 +msgid "" +"As stated earlier, regular expressions use the backslash character " +"(``'\\'``) to indicate special forms or to allow special characters to be " +"used without invoking their special meaning. This conflicts with Python's " +"usage of the same character for the same purpose in string literals." +msgstr "" +"如前所述，正则表达式使用反斜杠字符 (``'\\'``) 来表示特殊形式或允许使用特殊字符而不调用它们的特殊含义。 这与 Python " +"在字符串文字中用于相同目的的相同字符的使用相冲突。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Let's say you want to write a RE that matches the string ``\\section``, " +"which might be found in a LaTeX file. To figure out what to write in the " +"program code, start with the desired string to be matched. Next, you must " +"escape any backslashes and other metacharacters by preceding them with a " +"backslash, resulting in the string ``\\\\section``. The resulting string " +"that must be passed to :func:`re.compile` must be ``\\\\section``. However," +" to express this as a Python string literal, both backslashes must be " +"escaped *again*." +msgstr "" +"假设你想要编写一个与字符串 ``\\section`` 相匹配的正则，它可以在 LaTeX 文件中找到。 " +"要找出在程序代码中写入的内容，请从要匹配的字符串开始。 接下来，您必须通过在反斜杠前面添加反斜杠和其他元字符，从而产生字符串 " +"``\\\\section``。 必须传递给 :func:`re.compile` 的结果字符串必须是 ``\\\\section``。 " +"但是，要将其表示为 Python 字符串文字，必须 *再次* 转义两个反斜杠。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:315 +msgid "Characters" +msgstr "字符" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:315 +msgid "Stage" +msgstr "阶段" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:317 +msgid "``\\section``" +msgstr "``\\section``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:317 +msgid "Text string to be matched" +msgstr "被匹配的字符串" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:319 +msgid "``\\\\section``" +msgstr "``\\\\section``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:319 +msgid "Escaped backslash for :func:`re.compile`" +msgstr "为 :func:`re.compile` 转义的反斜杠" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:321 ../../howto/regex.rst:348 +msgid "``\"\\\\\\\\section\"``" +msgstr "``\"\\\\\\\\section\"``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:321 +msgid "Escaped backslashes for a string literal" +msgstr "为字符串字面转义的反斜杠" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:324 +msgid "" +"In short, to match a literal backslash, one has to write ``'\\\\\\\\'`` as " +"the RE string, because the regular expression must be ``\\\\``, and each " +"backslash must be expressed as ``\\\\`` inside a regular Python string " +"literal. In REs that feature backslashes repeatedly, this leads to lots of " +"repeated backslashes and makes the resulting strings difficult to " +"understand." +msgstr "" +"简而言之，要匹配文字反斜杠，必须将 ``'\\\\\\\\'`` 写为正则字符串，因为正则表达式必须是 ``\\\\``，并且每个反斜杠必须表示为 " +"``\\\\`` 在常规Python字符串字面中。 在反复使用反斜杠的正则中，这会导致大量重复的反斜杠，并使得生成的字符串难以理解。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The solution is to use Python's raw string notation for regular expressions;" +" backslashes are not handled in any special way in a string literal prefixed" +" with ``'r'``, so ``r\"\\n\"`` is a two-character string containing ``'\\'``" +" and ``'n'``, while ``\"\\n\"`` is a one-character string containing a " +"newline. Regular expressions will often be written in Python code using this" +" raw string notation." +msgstr "" +"解决方案是使用 Python 的原始字符串表示法来表示正则表达式；反斜杠不以任何特殊的方式处理前缀为 ``'r'`` 的字符串字面，因此 " +"``r\"\\n\"`` 是一个包含 ``'\\'`` 和 ``'n'`` 的双字符字符串，而 ``\"\\n\"`` 是一个包含换行符的单字符字符串。" +" 正则表达式通常使用这种原始字符串表示法用 Python 代码编写。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:336 +msgid "" +"In addition, special escape sequences that are valid in regular expressions," +" but not valid as Python string literals, now result in a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` and will eventually become a :exc:`SyntaxError`, " +"which means the sequences will be invalid if raw string notation or escaping" +" the backslashes isn't used." +msgstr "" +"此外，在正则表达式中有效但在 Python 字符串文字中无效的特殊转义序列现在导致 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 并最终变为 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。 这意味着如果未使用原始字符串表示法或转义反斜杠，序列将无效。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:344 +msgid "Regular String" +msgstr "常规字符串" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:344 +msgid "Raw string" +msgstr "原始字符串" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:346 +msgid "``\"ab*\"``" +msgstr "``\"ab*\"``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:346 +msgid "``r\"ab*\"``" +msgstr "``r\"ab*\"``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:348 +msgid "``r\"\\\\section\"``" +msgstr "``r\"\\\\section\"``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:350 +msgid "``\"\\\\w+\\\\s+\\\\1\"``" +msgstr "``\"\\\\w+\\\\s+\\\\1\"``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:350 +msgid "``r\"\\w+\\s+\\1\"``" +msgstr "``r\"\\w+\\s+\\1\"``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:355 +msgid "Performing Matches" +msgstr "应用匹配" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Once you have an object representing a compiled regular expression, what do " +"you do with it? Pattern objects have several methods and attributes. Only " +"the most significant ones will be covered here; consult the :mod:`re` docs " +"for a complete listing." +msgstr "" +"一旦你有一个表示编译正则表达式的对象，你用它做什么？ 模式对象有几种方法和属性。 这里只介绍最重要的内容；请参阅 :mod:`re` 文档获取完整列表。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:363 ../../howto/regex.rst:417 +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1065 +msgid "Method/Attribute" +msgstr "方法 / 属性" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:363 ../../howto/regex.rst:417 +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1065 +msgid "Purpose" +msgstr "目的" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:365 +msgid "``match()``" +msgstr "``match()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:365 +msgid "Determine if the RE matches at the beginning of the string." +msgstr "确定正则是否从字符串的开头匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:368 +msgid "``search()``" +msgstr "``search()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:368 +msgid "Scan through a string, looking for any location where this RE matches." +msgstr "扫描字符串，查找此正则匹配的任何位置。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:371 +msgid "``findall()``" +msgstr "``findall()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:371 +msgid "Find all substrings where the RE matches, and returns them as a list." +msgstr "找到正则匹配的所有子字符串，并将它们作为列表返回。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:374 +msgid "``finditer()``" +msgstr "``finditer()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Find all substrings where the RE matches, and returns them as an " +":term:`iterator`." +msgstr "找到正则匹配的所有子字符串，并将它们返回为一个 :term:`iterator`。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:378 +msgid "" +":meth:`~re.Pattern.match` and :meth:`~re.Pattern.search` return ``None`` if " +"no match can be found. If they're successful, a :ref:`match object ` instance is returned, containing information about the match: " +"where it starts and ends, the substring it matched, and more." +msgstr "" +"如果没有找到匹配， :meth:`~re.Pattern.match` 和 :meth:`~re.Pattern.search` 返回 ``None``" +" 。如果它们成功， 一个 :ref:`匹配对象 ` 实例将被返回，包含匹配相关的信息：起始和终结位置、匹配的子串以及其它。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:383 +msgid "" +"You can learn about this by interactively experimenting with the :mod:`re` " +"module." +msgstr "你可以通过交互式地试验 :mod:`re` 模块来学习这一点。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:386 +msgid "" +"This HOWTO uses the standard Python interpreter for its examples. First, run" +" the Python interpreter, import the :mod:`re` module, and compile a RE::" +msgstr "" +"本 HOWTO 使用标准 Python 解释器作为示例。 首先，运行 Python 解释器，导入 :mod:`re` 模块，然后编译一个正则 ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:389 +msgid "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> p = re.compile('[a-z]+')\n" +">>> p\n" +"re.compile('[a-z]+')" +msgstr "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> p = re.compile('[a-z]+')\n" +">>> p\n" +"re.compile('[a-z]+')" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Now, you can try matching various strings against the RE ``[a-z]+``. An " +"empty string shouldn't match at all, since ``+`` means 'one or more " +"repetitions'. :meth:`~re.Pattern.match` should return ``None`` in this case," +" which will cause the interpreter to print no output. You can explicitly " +"print the result of :meth:`!match` to make this clear. ::" +msgstr "" +"现在，你可以尝试匹配正则 ``[a-z]+`` 的各种字符串。 空字符串根本不匹配，因为 ``+`` 表示“一次或多次重复”。 " +":meth:`~re.Pattern.match` 在这种情况下应返回 ``None``，这将导致解释器不打印输出。 你可以显式打印 " +":meth:`!match` 的结果，使其清晰。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:400 +msgid "" +">>> p.match(\"\")\n" +">>> print(p.match(\"\"))\n" +"None" +msgstr "" +">>> p.match(\"\")\n" +">>> print(p.match(\"\"))\n" +"None" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Now, let's try it on a string that it should match, such as ``tempo``. In " +"this case, :meth:`~re.Pattern.match` will return a :ref:`match object " +"`, so you should store the result in a variable for later " +"use. ::" +msgstr "" +"现在，让我们尝试一下它应该匹配的字符串，例如 ``tempo``。在这个例子中 :meth:`~re.Pattern.match` 将返回一个 " +":ref:`匹配对象 `，因此你应该将结果储存到一个变量中以供稍后使用。 ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:408 +msgid "" +">>> m = p.match('tempo')\n" +">>> m\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> m = p.match('tempo')\n" +">>> m\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:412 +msgid "" +"Now you can query the :ref:`match object ` for information " +"about the matching string. Match object instances also have several methods" +" and attributes; the most important ones are:" +msgstr "" +"现在你可以检查 :ref:`匹配对象 ` 以获取有关匹配字符串的信息。 匹配对象实例也有几个方法和属性；最重要的是：" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:419 +msgid "``group()``" +msgstr "``group()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:419 +msgid "Return the string matched by the RE" +msgstr "返回正则匹配的字符串" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:421 +msgid "``start()``" +msgstr "``start()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:421 +msgid "Return the starting position of the match" +msgstr "返回匹配的开始位置" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:423 +msgid "``end()``" +msgstr "``end()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:423 +msgid "Return the ending position of the match" +msgstr "返回匹配的结束位置" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:425 +msgid "``span()``" +msgstr "``span()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:425 +msgid "Return a tuple containing the (start, end) positions of the match" +msgstr "返回包含匹配 (start, end) 位置的元组" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:429 +msgid "Trying these methods will soon clarify their meaning::" +msgstr "尝试这些方法很快就会清楚它们的含义::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:431 +msgid "" +">>> m.group()\n" +"'tempo'\n" +">>> m.start(), m.end()\n" +"(0, 5)\n" +">>> m.span()\n" +"(0, 5)" +msgstr "" +">>> m.group()\n" +"'tempo'\n" +">>> m.start(), m.end()\n" +"(0, 5)\n" +">>> m.span()\n" +"(0, 5)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:438 +msgid "" +":meth:`~re.Match.group` returns the substring that was matched by the RE. " +":meth:`~re.Match.start` and :meth:`~re.Match.end` return the starting and " +"ending index of the match. :meth:`~re.Match.span` returns both start and end" +" indexes in a single tuple. Since the :meth:`~re.Pattern.match` method only" +" checks if the RE matches at the start of a string, :meth:`!start` will " +"always be zero. However, the :meth:`~re.Pattern.search` method of patterns " +"scans through the string, so the match may not start at zero in that case. " +"::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~re.Match.group` 返回正则匹配的子字符串。 :meth:`~re.Match.start` 和 " +":meth:`~re.Match.end` 返回匹配的起始和结束索引。 :meth:`~re.Match.span` 在单个元组中返回开始和结束索引。 " +"由于 :meth:`~re.Pattern.match` 方法只检查正则是否在字符串的开头匹配，所以 :meth:`!start` 将始终为零。 " +"但是，模式的 :meth:`~re.Pattern.search` 方法会扫描字符串，因此在这种情况下匹配可能不会从零开始。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:446 +msgid "" +">>> print(p.match('::: message'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> m = p.search('::: message'); print(m)\n" +"\n" +">>> m.group()\n" +"'message'\n" +">>> m.span()\n" +"(4, 11)" +msgstr "" +">>> print(p.match('::: message'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> m = p.search('::: message'); print(m)\n" +"\n" +">>> m.group()\n" +"'message'\n" +">>> m.span()\n" +"(4, 11)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:455 +msgid "" +"In actual programs, the most common style is to store the :ref:`match object" +" ` in a variable, and then check if it was ``None``. This " +"usually looks like::" +msgstr "" +"在实际程序中，最常见的样式是在变量中存储 :ref:`匹配对象 `，然后检查它是否为 ``None``。 " +"这通常看起来像::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:459 +msgid "" +"p = re.compile( ... )\n" +"m = p.match( 'string goes here' )\n" +"if m:\n" +" print('Match found: ', m.group())\n" +"else:\n" +" print('No match')" +msgstr "" +"p = re.compile( ... )\n" +"m = p.match( 'string goes here' )\n" +"if m:\n" +" print('Match found: ', m.group())\n" +"else:\n" +" print('No match')" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Two pattern methods return all of the matches for a pattern. " +":meth:`~re.Pattern.findall` returns a list of matching strings::" +msgstr "两种模式方法返回模式的所有匹配项。 :meth:`~re.Pattern.findall` 返回匹配字符串的列表::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:469 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\d+')\n" +">>> p.findall('12 drummers drumming, 11 pipers piping, 10 lords a-leaping')\n" +"['12', '11', '10']" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\d+')\n" +">>> p.findall('12 drummers drumming, 11 pipers piping, 10 lords a-leaping')\n" +"['12', '11', '10']" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:473 +msgid "" +"The ``r`` prefix, making the literal a raw string literal, is needed in this" +" example because escape sequences in a normal \"cooked\" string literal that" +" are not recognized by Python, as opposed to regular expressions, now result" +" in a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and will eventually become a " +":exc:`SyntaxError`. See :ref:`the-backslash-plague`." +msgstr "" +"在这个例子中需要 ``r`` 前缀，使字面为原始字符串字面，因为普通的“加工”字符串字面中的转义序列不能被 Python 识别为正则表达式，导致 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 并最终产生 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 请参阅 :ref:`the-backslash-" +"plague`。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:479 +msgid "" +":meth:`~re.Pattern.findall` has to create the entire list before it can be " +"returned as the result. The :meth:`~re.Pattern.finditer` method returns a " +"sequence of :ref:`match object ` instances as an " +":term:`iterator`::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~re.Pattern.findall` 必须先创建整个列表才能返回结果。 :meth:`~re.Pattern.finditer` " +"方法将一个 :ref:`匹配对象 ` 的序列返回为一个 :term:`iterator` ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:483 +msgid "" +">>> iterator = p.finditer('12 drummers drumming, 11 ... 10 ...')\n" +">>> iterator\n" +"\n" +">>> for match in iterator:\n" +"... print(match.span())\n" +"...\n" +"(0, 2)\n" +"(22, 24)\n" +"(29, 31)" +msgstr "" +">>> iterator = p.finditer('12 drummers drumming, 11 ... 10 ...')\n" +">>> iterator\n" +"\n" +">>> for match in iterator:\n" +"... print(match.span())\n" +"...\n" +"(0, 2)\n" +"(22, 24)\n" +"(29, 31)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:495 +msgid "Module-Level Functions" +msgstr "模块级函数" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:497 +msgid "" +"You don't have to create a pattern object and call its methods; the " +":mod:`re` module also provides top-level functions called :func:`~re.match`," +" :func:`~re.search`, :func:`~re.findall`, :func:`~re.sub`, and so forth. " +"These functions take the same arguments as the corresponding pattern method " +"with the RE string added as the first argument, and still return either " +"``None`` or a :ref:`match object ` instance. ::" +msgstr "" +"你不必创建模式对象并调用其方法；:mod:`re` 模块还提供了顶级函数 " +":func:`~re.match`，:func:`~re.search`，:func:`~re.findall`，:func:`~re.sub` 等等。" +" 这些函数采用与相应模式方法相同的参数，并将正则字符串作为第一个参数添加，并仍然返回 ``None`` 或 :ref:`匹配对象 ` 实例。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:504 +msgid "" +">>> print(re.match(r'From\\s+', 'Fromage amk'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> re.match(r'From\\s+', 'From amk Thu May 14 19:12:10 1998')\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> print(re.match(r'From\\s+', 'Fromage amk'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> re.match(r'From\\s+', 'From amk Thu May 14 19:12:10 1998')\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:509 +msgid "" +"Under the hood, these functions simply create a pattern object for you and " +"call the appropriate method on it. They also store the compiled object in a" +" cache, so future calls using the same RE won't need to parse the pattern " +"again and again." +msgstr "" +"本质上，这些函数只是为你创建一个模式对象，并在其上调用适当的方法。 它们还将编译对象存储在缓存中，因此使用相同的未来调用将不需要一次又一次地解析该模式。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:514 +msgid "" +"Should you use these module-level functions, or should you get the pattern " +"and call its methods yourself? If you're accessing a regex within a loop, " +"pre-compiling it will save a few function calls. Outside of loops, there's " +"not much difference thanks to the internal cache." +msgstr "" +"你是否应该使用这些模块级函数，还是应该自己获取模式并调用其方法？ 如果你正在循环中访问正则表达式，预编译它将节省一些函数调用。 " +"在循环之外，由于有内部缓存，没有太大区别。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:522 +msgid "Compilation Flags" +msgstr "编译标志" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:526 +msgid "" +"Compilation flags let you modify some aspects of how regular expressions " +"work. Flags are available in the :mod:`re` module under two names, a long " +"name such as :const:`IGNORECASE` and a short, one-letter form such as " +":const:`I`. (If you're familiar with Perl's pattern modifiers, the one-" +"letter forms use the same letters; the short form of :const:`re.VERBOSE` is " +":const:`re.X`, for example.) Multiple flags can be specified by bitwise OR-" +"ing them; ``re.I | re.M`` sets both the :const:`I` and :const:`M` flags, for" +" example." +msgstr "" +"编译标志允许你修改正则表达式的工作方式。 标志在 :mod:`re` 模块中有两个名称，长名称如 :const:`IGNORECASE` " +"和一个简短的单字母形式，例如 :const:`I`。 （如果你熟悉 Perl 的模式修饰符，则单字母形式使用和其相同的字母；例如， " +":const:`re.VERBOSE` 的缩写形式为 :const:`re.X`。）多个标志可以 通过按位或运算来指定它们；例如，``re.I | " +"re.M`` 设置 :const:`I` 和 :const:`M` 标志。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Here's a table of the available flags, followed by a more detailed " +"explanation of each one." +msgstr "这是一个可用标志表，以及每个标志的更详细说明。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:538 +msgid "Flag" +msgstr "旗标" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:538 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:540 +msgid ":const:`ASCII`, :const:`A`" +msgstr ":const:`ASCII`, :const:`A`" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Makes several escapes like ``\\w``, ``\\b``, ``\\s`` and ``\\d`` match only " +"on ASCII characters with the respective property." +msgstr "使几个转义如 ``\\w``、``\\b``、``\\s`` 和 ``\\d`` 匹配仅与具有相应特征属性的 ASCII 字符匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:544 +msgid ":const:`DOTALL`, :const:`S`" +msgstr ":const:`DOTALL`, :const:`S`" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:544 +msgid "Make ``.`` match any character, including newlines." +msgstr "使 ``.`` 匹配任何字符，包括换行符。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:547 +msgid ":const:`IGNORECASE`, :const:`I`" +msgstr ":const:`IGNORECASE`, :const:`I`" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:547 +msgid "Do case-insensitive matches." +msgstr "进行大小写不敏感匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:549 +msgid ":const:`LOCALE`, :const:`L`" +msgstr ":const:`LOCALE`, :const:`L`" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:549 +msgid "Do a locale-aware match." +msgstr "进行区域设置感知匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:551 +msgid ":const:`MULTILINE`, :const:`M`" +msgstr ":const:`MULTILINE`, :const:`M`" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:551 +msgid "Multi-line matching, affecting ``^`` and ``$``." +msgstr "多行匹配，影响 ``^`` 和 ``$``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:554 +msgid ":const:`VERBOSE`, :const:`X` (for 'extended')" +msgstr ":const:`VERBOSE`, :const:`X` （为 '扩展'）" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Enable verbose REs, which can be organized more cleanly and understandably." +msgstr "启用详细的正则，可以更清晰，更容易理解。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Perform case-insensitive matching; character class and literal strings will " +"match letters by ignoring case. For example, ``[A-Z]`` will match lowercase" +" letters, too. Full Unicode matching also works unless the :const:`ASCII` " +"flag is used to disable non-ASCII matches. When the Unicode patterns " +"``[a-z]`` or ``[A-Z]`` are used in combination with the :const:`IGNORECASE` " +"flag, they will match the 52 ASCII letters and 4 additional non-ASCII " +"letters: 'İ' (U+0130, Latin capital letter I with dot above), 'ı' (U+0131, " +"Latin small letter dotless i), 'ſ' (U+017F, Latin small letter long s) and " +"'K' (U+212A, Kelvin sign). ``Spam`` will match ``'Spam'``, ``'spam'``, " +"``'spAM'``, or ``'ſpam'`` (the latter is matched only in Unicode mode). This" +" lowercasing doesn't take the current locale into account; it will if you " +"also set the :const:`LOCALE` flag." +msgstr "" +"执行不区分大小写的匹配；字符类和字面字符串将通过忽略大小写来匹配字母。 例如，``[A-Z]`` 也匹配小写字母。 除非使用 " +":const:`ASCII` 标志来禁用非ASCII匹配，否则完全 Unicode 匹配也有效。 当 Unicode 模式 ``[a-z]`` 或 " +"``[A-Z]`` 与 :const:`IGNORECASE` 标志结合使用时，它们将匹配 52 个 ASCII 字母和 4 个额外的非 ASCII " +"字母：'İ' (U+0130，拉丁大写字母 I，带上面的点)，'ı' (U+0131，拉丁文小写字母无点 i)，'s' (U+017F，拉丁文小写字母长" +" s) 和'K' (U+212A，开尔文符号)。 ``Spam`` 将匹配 ``'Spam'``，``'spam'``，``'spAM'`` 或 " +"``'ſpam'`` (后者仅在 Unicode 模式下匹配)。 此小写不考虑当前区域设置；如果你还设置了 :const:`LOCALE` " +"标志，则将考虑。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:581 +msgid "" +"Make ``\\w``, ``\\W``, ``\\b``, ``\\B`` and case-insensitive matching " +"dependent on the current locale instead of the Unicode database." +msgstr "使 ``\\w``、``\\W``、``\\b``、``\\B`` 和大小写敏感匹配依赖于当前区域而不是 Unicode 数据库。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Locales are a feature of the C library intended to help in writing programs " +"that take account of language differences. For example, if you're " +"processing encoded French text, you'd want to be able to write ``\\w+`` to " +"match words, but ``\\w`` only matches the character class ``[A-Za-z]`` in " +"bytes patterns; it won't match bytes corresponding to ``é`` or ``ç``. If " +"your system is configured properly and a French locale is selected, certain " +"C functions will tell the program that the byte corresponding to ``é`` " +"should also be considered a letter. Setting the :const:`LOCALE` flag when " +"compiling a regular expression will cause the resulting compiled object to " +"use these C functions for ``\\w``; this is slower, but also enables ``\\w+``" +" to match French words as you'd expect. The use of this flag is discouraged " +"in Python 3 as the locale mechanism is very unreliable, it only handles one " +"\"culture\" at a time, and it only works with 8-bit locales. Unicode " +"matching is already enabled by default in Python 3 for Unicode (str) " +"patterns, and it is able to handle different locales/languages." +msgstr "" +"区域设置是 C 库的一个功能，旨在帮助编写考虑到语言差异的程序。例如，如果你正在处理编码的法语文本，那么你希望能够编写 ``\\w+`` 来匹配单词，但" +" ``\\w`` 只匹配字符类 ``[A-Za-z]`` 字节模式；它不会匹配对应于 ``é`` 或 ``ç`` " +"的字节。如果你的系统配置正确并且选择了法语区域设置，某些C函数将告诉程序对应于 ``é`` 的字节也应该被视为字母。在编译正则表达式时设置 " +":const:`LOCALE` 标志将导致生成的编译对象将这些C函数用于 ``\\w``；这比较慢，但也可以使 ``\\w+`` " +"匹配你所期望的法语单词。在 Python 3 中不鼓励使用此标志，因为语言环境机制非常不可靠，它一次只处理一个“文化”，它只适用于 8 " +"位语言环境。默认情况下，Python 3 中已经为 Unicode（str）模式启用了 Unicode 匹配，并且它能够处理不同的区域/语言。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:606 +msgid "" +"(``^`` and ``$`` haven't been explained yet; they'll be introduced in " +"section :ref:`more-metacharacters`.)" +msgstr "(``^`` 和 ``$`` 还没有解释；它们将在以下部分介绍 :ref:`more-metacharacters`。)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:609 +msgid "" +"Usually ``^`` matches only at the beginning of the string, and ``$`` matches" +" only at the end of the string and immediately before the newline (if any) " +"at the end of the string. When this flag is specified, ``^`` matches at the " +"beginning of the string and at the beginning of each line within the string," +" immediately following each newline. Similarly, the ``$`` metacharacter " +"matches either at the end of the string and at the end of each line " +"(immediately preceding each newline)." +msgstr "" +"通常 ``^`` 只匹配字符串的开头，而 ``$`` 只匹配字符串的结尾，紧接在字符串末尾的换行符（如果有的话）之前。 当指定了这个标志时，``^`` " +"匹配字符串的开头和字符串中每一行的开头，紧跟在每个换行符之后。 类似地，``$`` 元字符匹配字符串的结尾和每行的结尾（紧接在每个换行符之前）。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:622 +msgid "" +"Makes the ``'.'`` special character match any character at all, including a " +"newline; without this flag, ``'.'`` will match anything *except* a newline." +msgstr "使 ``'.'`` 特殊字符匹配任何字符，包括换行符；没有这个标志，``'.'`` 将匹配任何字符 *除了* 换行符。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Make ``\\w``, ``\\W``, ``\\b``, ``\\B``, ``\\s`` and ``\\S`` perform ASCII-" +"only matching instead of full Unicode matching. This is only meaningful for " +"Unicode patterns, and is ignored for byte patterns." +msgstr "" +"使 ``\\w``、``\\W``、``\\b``、``\\B``、``\\s`` 和 ``\\S`` 执行仅 ASCII 匹配而不是完整匹配 " +"Unicode 匹配。 这仅对 Unicode 模式有意义，并且对于字节模式将被忽略。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:639 +msgid "" +"This flag allows you to write regular expressions that are more readable by " +"granting you more flexibility in how you can format them. When this flag " +"has been specified, whitespace within the RE string is ignored, except when " +"the whitespace is in a character class or preceded by an unescaped " +"backslash; this lets you organize and indent the RE more clearly. This flag" +" also lets you put comments within a RE that will be ignored by the engine; " +"comments are marked by a ``'#'`` that's neither in a character class or " +"preceded by an unescaped backslash." +msgstr "" +"此标志允许你编写更易读的正则表达式，方法是为您提供更灵活的格式化方式。 " +"指定此标志后，将忽略正则字符串中的空格，除非空格位于字符类中或前面带有未转义的反斜杠；这使你可以更清楚地组织和缩进正则。 " +"此标志还允许你将注释放在正则中，引擎将忽略该注释；注释标记为 ``'#'`` 既不是在字符类中，也不是在未转义的反斜杠之前。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:648 +msgid "" +"For example, here's a RE that uses :const:`re.VERBOSE`; see how much easier " +"it is to read? ::" +msgstr "例如，这里的正则使用 :const:`re.VERBOSE`；看看阅读有多容易？::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:651 +msgid "" +"charref = re.compile(r\"\"\"\n" +" &[#] # Start of a numeric entity reference\n" +" (\n" +" 0[0-7]+ # Octal form\n" +" | [0-9]+ # Decimal form\n" +" | x[0-9a-fA-F]+ # Hexadecimal form\n" +" )\n" +" ; # Trailing semicolon\n" +"\"\"\", re.VERBOSE)" +msgstr "" +"charref = re.compile(r\"\"\"\n" +" &[#] # 数字实体引用的开始\n" +" (\n" +" 0[0-7]+ # 八进制形式\n" +" | [0-9]+ # 十进制形式\n" +" | x[0-9a-fA-F]+ # 十六进制形式\n" +" )\n" +" ; # 末尾分号\n" +"\"\"\", re.VERBOSE)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:661 +msgid "Without the verbose setting, the RE would look like this::" +msgstr "如果没有详细设置，正则将如下所示::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:663 +msgid "" +"charref = re.compile(\"&#(0[0-7]+\"\n" +" \"|[0-9]+\"\n" +" \"|x[0-9a-fA-F]+);\")" +msgstr "" +"charref = re.compile(\"&#(0[0-7]+\"\n" +" \"|[0-9]+\"\n" +" \"|x[0-9a-fA-F]+);\")" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:667 +msgid "" +"In the above example, Python's automatic concatenation of string literals " +"has been used to break up the RE into smaller pieces, but it's still more " +"difficult to understand than the version using :const:`re.VERBOSE`." +msgstr "" +"在上面的例子中，Python的字符串文字的自动连接已被用于将正则分解为更小的部分，但它仍然比以下使用 :const:`re.VERBOSE` " +"版本更难理解。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:673 +msgid "More Pattern Power" +msgstr "更多模式能力" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:675 +msgid "" +"So far we've only covered a part of the features of regular expressions. In" +" this section, we'll cover some new metacharacters, and how to use groups to" +" retrieve portions of the text that was matched." +msgstr "到目前为止，我们只介绍了正则表达式的一部分功能。 在本节中，我们将介绍一些新的元字符，以及如何使用组来检索匹配的文本部分。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:683 +msgid "More Metacharacters" +msgstr "更多元字符" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:685 +msgid "" +"There are some metacharacters that we haven't covered yet. Most of them " +"will be covered in this section." +msgstr "我们还没有涉及到一些元字符。 其中大部分内容将在本节中介绍。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:688 +msgid "" +"Some of the remaining metacharacters to be discussed are :dfn:`zero-width " +"assertions`. They don't cause the engine to advance through the string; " +"instead, they consume no characters at all, and simply succeed or fail. For" +" example, ``\\b`` is an assertion that the current position is located at a " +"word boundary; the position isn't changed by the ``\\b`` at all. This means" +" that zero-width assertions should never be repeated, because if they match " +"once at a given location, they can obviously be matched an infinite number " +"of times." +msgstr "" +"要讨论的其余一些元字符是 :dfn:`零宽度断言` 。 " +"它们不会使解析引擎在字符串中前进一个字符；相反，它们根本不占用任何字符，只是成功或失败。例如，``\\b`` " +"是一个断言，指明当前位置位于字边界；这个位置根本不会被 ``\\b`` " +"改变。这意味着永远不应重复零宽度断言，因为如果它们在给定位置匹配一次，它们显然可以无限次匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:696 +msgid "``|``" +msgstr "``|``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:697 +msgid "" +"Alternation, or the \"or\" operator. If *A* and *B* are regular " +"expressions, ``A|B`` will match any string that matches either *A* or *B*. " +"``|`` has very low precedence in order to make it work reasonably when " +"you're alternating multi-character strings. ``Crow|Servo`` will match either" +" ``'Crow'`` or ``'Servo'``, not ``'Cro'``, a ``'w'`` or an ``'S'``, and " +"``'ervo'``." +msgstr "" +"或者“or”运算符。 如果 *A* 和 *B* 是正则表达式，``A|B`` 将匹配任何与 *A* 或 *B* 匹配的字符串。 ``|`` " +"具有非常低的优先级，以便在交替使用多字符字符串时使其合理地工作。 ``Crow|Servo`` 将匹配 ``'Crow'`` 或 " +"``'Servo'``，而不是 ``'Cro'``、``'w'`` 或 ``'S'`` 和 ``'ervo'``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:703 +msgid "" +"To match a literal ``'|'``, use ``\\|``, or enclose it inside a character " +"class, as in ``[|]``." +msgstr "要匹配字面 ``'|'``，请使用 ``\\|``，或将其括在字符类中，如 ``[|]``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:706 +msgid "``^``" +msgstr "``^``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:707 +msgid "" +"Matches at the beginning of lines. Unless the :const:`MULTILINE` flag has " +"been set, this will only match at the beginning of the string. In " +":const:`MULTILINE` mode, this also matches immediately after each newline " +"within the string." +msgstr "" +"在行的开头匹配。 除非设置了 :const:`MULTILINE` 标志，否则只会在字符串的开头匹配。 在 :const:`MULTILINE` " +"模式下，这也在字符串中的每个换行符后立即匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:711 +msgid "" +"For example, if you wish to match the word ``From`` only at the beginning of" +" a line, the RE to use is ``^From``. ::" +msgstr "例如，如果你希望仅在行的开头匹配单词 ``From``，则要使用的正则 ``^From``。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:714 +msgid "" +">>> print(re.search('^From', 'From Here to Eternity'))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(re.search('^From', 'Reciting From Memory'))\n" +"None" +msgstr "" +">>> print(re.search('^From', 'From Here to Eternity'))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(re.search('^From', 'Reciting From Memory'))\n" +"None" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:719 +msgid "To match a literal ``'^'``, use ``\\^``." +msgstr "要匹配字面 ``'^'``，使用 ``\\^``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:721 +msgid "``$``" +msgstr "``$``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:722 +msgid "" +"Matches at the end of a line, which is defined as either the end of the " +"string, or any location followed by a newline character. ::" +msgstr "匹配行的末尾，定义为字符串的结尾，或者后跟换行符的任何位置。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:725 +msgid "" +">>> print(re.search('}$', '{block}'))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(re.search('}$', '{block} '))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(re.search('}$', '{block}\\n'))\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> print(re.search('}$', '{block}'))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(re.search('}$', '{block} '))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(re.search('}$', '{block}\\n'))\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:732 +msgid "" +"To match a literal ``'$'``, use ``\\$`` or enclose it inside a character " +"class, as in ``[$]``." +msgstr "以匹配字面 ``'$'``，使用 ``\\$`` 或者将其包裹在一个字符类中，例如 ``[$]``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:735 +msgid "``\\A``" +msgstr "``\\A``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:736 +msgid "" +"Matches only at the start of the string. When not in :const:`MULTILINE` " +"mode, ``\\A`` and ``^`` are effectively the same. In :const:`MULTILINE` " +"mode, they're different: ``\\A`` still matches only at the beginning of the " +"string, but ``^`` may match at any location inside the string that follows a" +" newline character." +msgstr "" +"仅匹配字符串的开头。 当不在 :const:`MULTILINE` 模式时，``\\A`` 和 ``^`` 实际上是相同的。 在 " +":const:`MULTILINE` 模式中，它们是不同的: ``\\A`` 仍然只在字符串的开头匹配，但 ``^`` " +"可以匹配在换行符之后的字符串内的任何位置。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:741 +msgid "``\\Z``" +msgstr "``\\Z``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:742 +msgid "Matches only at the end of the string." +msgstr "只匹配字符串尾。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:744 +msgid "``\\b``" +msgstr "``\\b``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:745 +msgid "" +"Word boundary. This is a zero-width assertion that matches only at the " +"beginning or end of a word. A word is defined as a sequence of alphanumeric" +" characters, so the end of a word is indicated by whitespace or a non-" +"alphanumeric character." +msgstr "字边界。 这是一个零宽度断言，仅在单词的开头或结尾处匹配。 单词被定义为一个字母数字字符序列，因此单词的结尾由空格或非字母数字字符表示。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:750 +msgid "" +"The following example matches ``class`` only when it's a complete word; it " +"won't match when it's contained inside another word. ::" +msgstr "以下示例仅当它是一个完整的单词时匹配 ``class``；当它包含在另一个单词中时将不会匹配。 ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:753 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\bclass\\b')\n" +">>> print(p.search('no class at all'))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(p.search('the declassified algorithm'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(p.search('one subclass is'))\n" +"None" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\bclass\\b')\n" +">>> print(p.search('no class at all'))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(p.search('the declassified algorithm'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(p.search('one subclass is'))\n" +"None" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:761 +msgid "" +"There are two subtleties you should remember when using this special " +"sequence. First, this is the worst collision between Python's string " +"literals and regular expression sequences. In Python's string literals, " +"``\\b`` is the backspace character, ASCII value 8. If you're not using raw " +"strings, then Python will convert the ``\\b`` to a backspace, and your RE " +"won't match as you expect it to. The following example looks the same as our" +" previous RE, but omits the ``'r'`` in front of the RE string. ::" +msgstr "" +"使用这个特殊序列时，你应该记住两个细微之处。 首先，这是 Python 的字符串文字和正则表达式序列之间最严重的冲突。 在 Python " +"的字符串文字中，``\\b`` 是退格字符，ASCII 值为8。 如果你没有使用原始字符串，那么 Python 会将 ``\\b`` " +"转换为退格，你的正则不会按照你的预期匹配。 以下示例与我们之前的正则看起来相同，但省略了正则字符串前面的 ``'r'``。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:769 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('\\bclass\\b')\n" +">>> print(p.search('no class at all'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(p.search('\\b' + 'class' + '\\b'))\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('\\bclass\\b')\n" +">>> print(p.search('no class at all'))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(p.search('\\b' + 'class' + '\\b'))\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:775 +msgid "" +"Second, inside a character class, where there's no use for this assertion, " +"``\\b`` represents the backspace character, for compatibility with Python's " +"string literals." +msgstr "其次，在一个字符类中，这个断言没有用处，``\\b`` 表示退格字符，以便与 Python 的字符串文字兼容。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:779 +msgid "``\\B``" +msgstr "``\\B``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:780 +msgid "" +"Another zero-width assertion, this is the opposite of ``\\b``, only matching" +" when the current position is not at a word boundary." +msgstr "另一个零宽度断言，这与 ``\\b`` 相反，仅在当前位置不在字边界时才匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:785 +msgid "Grouping" +msgstr "分组" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:787 +msgid "" +"Frequently you need to obtain more information than just whether the RE " +"matched or not. Regular expressions are often used to dissect strings by " +"writing a RE divided into several subgroups which match different components" +" of interest. For example, an RFC-822 header line is divided into a header " +"name and a value, separated by a ``':'``, like this:" +msgstr "" +"通常，你需要获取更多信息，而不仅仅是正则是否匹配。 正则表达式通常用于通过将正则分成几个子组来解析字符串，这些子组匹配不同的感兴趣组件。 " +"例如，RFC-822 标题行分为标题名称和值，用 ``':'`` 分隔，如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:793 +msgid "" +"From: author@example.com\n" +"User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.9 (X11/20061227)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"To: editor@example.com" +msgstr "" +"From: author@example.com\n" +"User-Agent: Thunderbird 1.5.0.9 (X11/20061227)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"To: editor@example.com" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:800 +msgid "" +"This can be handled by writing a regular expression which matches an entire " +"header line, and has one group which matches the header name, and another " +"group which matches the header's value." +msgstr "这可以通过编写与整个标题行匹配的正则表达式来处理，并且具有与标题名称匹配的一个组，以及与标题的值匹配的另一个组。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:804 +msgid "" +"Groups are marked by the ``'('``, ``')'`` metacharacters. ``'('`` and " +"``')'`` have much the same meaning as they do in mathematical expressions; " +"they group together the expressions contained inside them, and you can " +"repeat the contents of a group with a quantifier, such as ``*``, ``+``, " +"``?``, or ``{m,n}``. For example, ``(ab)*`` will match zero or more " +"repetitions of ``ab``. ::" +msgstr "" +"分组是用 ``'('``, ``')'`` 元字符来标记的。 ``'('`` 和 ``')'`` " +"与它们在数学表达式中的含义基本一致；它们会将所包含的表达式合为一组，并且你可以使用限定符例如 ``*``, ``+``, ``?``, 或 " +"``{m,n}`` 来重复一个分组的内容。 举例来说，``(ab)*`` 将匹配 ``ab`` 的零次或多次重复。 ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:811 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('(ab)*')\n" +">>> print(p.match('ababababab').span())\n" +"(0, 10)" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('(ab)*')\n" +">>> print(p.match('ababababab').span())\n" +"(0, 10)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:815 +msgid "" +"Groups indicated with ``'('``, ``')'`` also capture the starting and ending " +"index of the text that they match; this can be retrieved by passing an " +"argument to :meth:`~re.Match.group`, :meth:`~re.Match.start`, " +":meth:`~re.Match.end`, and :meth:`~re.Match.span`. Groups are numbered " +"starting with 0. Group 0 is always present; it's the whole RE, so " +":ref:`match object ` methods all have group 0 as their " +"default argument. Later we'll see how to express groups that don't capture " +"the span of text that they match. ::" +msgstr "" +"用 ``'('``，``')'`` 表示的组也捕获它们匹配的文本的起始和结束索引；这可以通过将参数传递给 " +":meth:`~re.Match.group`、:meth:`~re.Match.start`、:meth:`~re.Match.end` 以及 " +":meth:`~re.Match.span`。 组从 0 开始编号。组 0 始终存在；它表示整个正则，所以 :ref:`匹配对象 ` 方法都将组 0 作为默认参数。 稍后我们将看到如何表达不捕获它们匹配的文本范围的组。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:824 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('(a)b')\n" +">>> m = p.match('ab')\n" +">>> m.group()\n" +"'ab'\n" +">>> m.group(0)\n" +"'ab'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('(a)b')\n" +">>> m = p.match('ab')\n" +">>> m.group()\n" +"'ab'\n" +">>> m.group(0)\n" +"'ab'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:831 +msgid "" +"Subgroups are numbered from left to right, from 1 upward. Groups can be " +"nested; to determine the number, just count the opening parenthesis " +"characters, going from left to right. ::" +msgstr "子组从左到右编号，从 1 向上编号。 组可以嵌套；要确定编号，只需计算从左到右的左括号字符。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:835 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('(a(b)c)d')\n" +">>> m = p.match('abcd')\n" +">>> m.group(0)\n" +"'abcd'\n" +">>> m.group(1)\n" +"'abc'\n" +">>> m.group(2)\n" +"'b'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('(a(b)c)d')\n" +">>> m = p.match('abcd')\n" +">>> m.group(0)\n" +"'abcd'\n" +">>> m.group(1)\n" +"'abc'\n" +">>> m.group(2)\n" +"'b'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:844 +msgid "" +":meth:`~re.Match.group` can be passed multiple group numbers at a time, in " +"which case it will return a tuple containing the corresponding values for " +"those groups. ::" +msgstr ":meth:`~re.Match.group` 可以一次传递多个组号，在这种情况下，它将返回一个包含这些组的相应值的元组。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:847 +msgid "" +">>> m.group(2,1,2)\n" +"('b', 'abc', 'b')" +msgstr "" +">>> m.group(2,1,2)\n" +"('b', 'abc', 'b')" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:850 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~re.Match.groups` method returns a tuple containing the strings " +"for all the subgroups, from 1 up to however many there are. ::" +msgstr ":meth:`~re.Match.groups` 方法返回一个元组，其中包含所有子组的字符串，从1到最后一个子组。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:853 +msgid "" +">>> m.groups()\n" +"('abc', 'b')" +msgstr "" +">>> m.groups()\n" +"('abc', 'b')" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Backreferences in a pattern allow you to specify that the contents of an " +"earlier capturing group must also be found at the current location in the " +"string. For example, ``\\1`` will succeed if the exact contents of group 1 " +"can be found at the current position, and fails otherwise. Remember that " +"Python's string literals also use a backslash followed by numbers to allow " +"including arbitrary characters in a string, so be sure to use a raw string " +"when incorporating backreferences in a RE." +msgstr "" +"模式中的后向引用允许你指定还必须在字符串中的当前位置找到先前捕获组的内容。 例如，如果可以在当前位置找到组 1 的确切内容，则 ``\\1`` " +"将成功，否则将失败。 请记住，Python 的字符串文字也使用反斜杠后跟数字以允许在字符串中包含任意字符，因此正则中引入反向引用时务必使用原始字符串。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:864 +msgid "For example, the following RE detects doubled words in a string. ::" +msgstr "例如，以下正则检测字符串中重复的单词。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:866 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\b(\\w+)\\s+\\1\\b')\n" +">>> p.search('Paris in the the spring').group()\n" +"'the the'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\b(\\w+)\\s+\\1\\b')\n" +">>> p.search('Paris in the the spring').group()\n" +"'the the'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:870 +msgid "" +"Backreferences like this aren't often useful for just searching through a " +"string --- there are few text formats which repeat data in this way --- but " +"you'll soon find out that they're *very* useful when performing string " +"substitutions." +msgstr "" +"像这样的后向引用通常不仅仅用于搜索字符串 —— 很少有文本格式以这种方式重复数据 —— 但是你很快就会发现它们在执行字符串替换时 *非常* 有用。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:876 +msgid "Non-capturing and Named Groups" +msgstr "非捕获和命名组" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:878 +msgid "" +"Elaborate REs may use many groups, both to capture substrings of interest, " +"and to group and structure the RE itself. In complex REs, it becomes " +"difficult to keep track of the group numbers. There are two features which " +"help with this problem. Both of them use a common syntax for regular " +"expression extensions, so we'll look at that first." +msgstr "" +"精心设计的正则可以使用许多组，既可以捕获感兴趣的子串，也可以对正则本身进行分组和构建。 在复杂的正则中，很难跟踪组号。 有两个功能可以帮助解决这个问题。" +" 它们都使用常用语法进行正则表达式扩展，因此我们首先看一下。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:884 +msgid "" +"Perl 5 is well known for its powerful additions to standard regular " +"expressions. For these new features the Perl developers couldn't choose new " +"single-keystroke metacharacters or new special sequences beginning with " +"``\\`` without making Perl's regular expressions confusingly different from " +"standard REs. If they chose ``&`` as a new metacharacter, for example, old " +"expressions would be assuming that ``&`` was a regular character and " +"wouldn't have escaped it by writing ``\\&`` or ``[&]``." +msgstr "" +"Perl 5 以其对标准正则表达式的强大补充而闻名。 对于这些新功能，Perl 开发人员无法选择新的单键击元字符或以 ``\\`` " +"开头的新特殊序列，否则 Perl 的正则表达式与标准正则容易混淆。 例如，如果他们选择 ``&`` 作为一个新的元字符，旧的表达式将假设 ``&`` " +"是一个普通字符，并且不会编写 ``\\&`` 或 ``[&]``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:891 +msgid "" +"The solution chosen by the Perl developers was to use ``(?...)`` as the " +"extension syntax. ``?`` immediately after a parenthesis was a syntax error " +"because the ``?`` would have nothing to repeat, so this didn't introduce any" +" compatibility problems. The characters immediately after the ``?`` " +"indicate what extension is being used, so ``(?=foo)`` is one thing (a " +"positive lookahead assertion) and ``(?:foo)`` is something else (a non-" +"capturing group containing the subexpression ``foo``)." +msgstr "" +"Perl 开发人员选择的解决方案是使用 ``(?...)`` 作为扩展语法。 括号后面紧跟 ``?`` 是一个语法错误，因为 ``?`` " +"没有什么可重复的，所以这样并不会带来任何兼容性问题。 紧跟在 ``?`` 之后的字符表示正在使用的扩展语法，所以 ``(?=foo)`` " +"是一种语法（一个前视断言）和 ``(?:foo)`` 是另一种语法（ 包含子表达式 ``foo`` 的非捕获组）。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:899 +msgid "" +"Python supports several of Perl's extensions and adds an extension syntax to" +" Perl's extension syntax. If the first character after the question mark is" +" a ``P``, you know that it's an extension that's specific to Python." +msgstr "" +"Python 支持一些 Perl 的扩展，并增加了新的扩展语法用于 Perl 的扩展语法。 如果在问号之后的第一个字符为 ``P``，即表明其为 " +"Python 专属的扩展。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:904 +msgid "" +"Now that we've looked at the general extension syntax, we can return to the " +"features that simplify working with groups in complex REs." +msgstr "现在我们已经了解了一般的扩展语法，我们可以回到简化复杂正则中组处理的功能。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:907 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you'll want to use a group to denote a part of a regular " +"expression, but aren't interested in retrieving the group's contents. You " +"can make this fact explicit by using a non-capturing group: ``(?:...)``, " +"where you can replace the ``...`` with any other regular expression. ::" +msgstr "" +"有时你会想要使用组来表示正则表达式的一部分，但是对检索组的内容不感兴趣。 你可以通过使用非捕获组来显式表达这个事实: " +"``(?:...)``，你可以用任何其他正则表达式替换 ``...``。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:912 +msgid "" +">>> m = re.match(\"([abc])+\", \"abc\")\n" +">>> m.groups()\n" +"('c',)\n" +">>> m = re.match(\"(?:[abc])+\", \"abc\")\n" +">>> m.groups()\n" +"()" +msgstr "" +">>> m = re.match(\"([abc])+\", \"abc\")\n" +">>> m.groups()\n" +"('c',)\n" +">>> m = re.match(\"(?:[abc])+\", \"abc\")\n" +">>> m.groups()\n" +"()" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:919 +msgid "" +"Except for the fact that you can't retrieve the contents of what the group " +"matched, a non-capturing group behaves exactly the same as a capturing " +"group; you can put anything inside it, repeat it with a repetition " +"metacharacter such as ``*``, and nest it within other groups (capturing or " +"non-capturing). ``(?:...)`` is particularly useful when modifying an " +"existing pattern, since you can add new groups without changing how all the " +"other groups are numbered. It should be mentioned that there's no " +"performance difference in searching between capturing and non-capturing " +"groups; neither form is any faster than the other." +msgstr "" +"除了你无法检索组匹配内容的事实外，非捕获组的行为与捕获组完全相同；你可以在里面放任何东西，用重复元字符重复它，比如 " +"``*``，然后把它嵌入其他组（捕获或不捕获）。 ``(?:...)`` 在修改现有模式时特别有用，因为你可以添加新组而不更改所有其他组的编号方式。 " +"值得一提的是，捕获和非捕获组之间的搜索没有性能差异；两种形式没有一种更快。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:928 +msgid "" +"A more significant feature is named groups: instead of referring to them by " +"numbers, groups can be referenced by a name." +msgstr "更重要的功能是命名组：不是通过数字引用它们，而是可以通过名称引用组。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:931 +msgid "" +"The syntax for a named group is one of the Python-specific extensions: " +"``(?P...)``. *name* is, obviously, the name of the group. Named " +"groups behave exactly like capturing groups, and additionally associate a " +"name with a group. The :ref:`match object ` methods that " +"deal with capturing groups all accept either integers that refer to the " +"group by number or strings that contain the desired group's name. Named " +"groups are still given numbers, so you can retrieve information about a " +"group in two ways::" +msgstr "" +"命名组的语法是Python特定的扩展之一: ``(?P...)``。 *name* 显然是该组的名称。 " +"命名组的行为与捕获组完全相同，并且还将名称与组关联。 处理捕获组的 :ref:`匹配对象 ` " +"方法都接受按编号引用组的整数或包含所需组名的字符串。 命名组仍然是给定的数字，因此你可以通过两种方式检索有关组的信息::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:939 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'(?P\\b\\w+\\b)')\n" +">>> m = p.search( '(((( Lots of punctuation )))' )\n" +">>> m.group('word')\n" +"'Lots'\n" +">>> m.group(1)\n" +"'Lots'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'(?P\\b\\w+\\b)')\n" +">>> m = p.search( '(((( Lots of punctuation )))' )\n" +">>> m.group('word')\n" +"'Lots'\n" +">>> m.group(1)\n" +"'Lots'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:946 +msgid "" +"Additionally, you can retrieve named groups as a dictionary with " +":meth:`~re.Match.groupdict`::" +msgstr "此外，你可以通过 :meth:`~re.Match.groupdict` 将命名分组提取为一个字典::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:949 +msgid "" +">>> m = re.match(r'(?P\\w+) (?P\\w+)', 'Jane Doe')\n" +">>> m.groupdict()\n" +"{'first': 'Jane', 'last': 'Doe'}" +msgstr "" +">>> m = re.match(r'(?P\\w+) (?P\\w+)', 'Jane Doe')\n" +">>> m.groupdict()\n" +"{'first': 'Jane', 'last': 'Doe'}" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:953 +msgid "" +"Named groups are handy because they let you use easily remembered names, " +"instead of having to remember numbers. Here's an example RE from the " +":mod:`imaplib` module::" +msgstr "命名分组很方便因为它们让你可以使用容易记忆的名称，而不必记忆数字。 下面是一个来自 :mod:`imaplib` 模块的正则表达式示例::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:957 +msgid "" +"InternalDate = re.compile(r'INTERNALDATE \"'\n" +" r'(?P[ 123][0-9])-(?P[A-Z][a-z][a-z])-'\n" +" r'(?P[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])'\n" +" r' (?P[0-9][0-9]):(?P[0-9][0-9]):(?P[0-9][0-9])'\n" +" r' (?P[-+])(?P[0-9][0-9])(?P[0-9][0-9])'\n" +" r'\"')" +msgstr "" +"InternalDate = re.compile(r'INTERNALDATE \"'\n" +" r'(?P[ 123][0-9])-(?P[A-Z][a-z][a-z])-'\n" +" r'(?P[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])'\n" +" r' (?P[0-9][0-9]):(?P[0-9][0-9]):(?P[0-9][0-9])'\n" +" r' (?P[-+])(?P[0-9][0-9])(?P[0-9][0-9])'\n" +" r'\"')" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:964 +msgid "" +"It's obviously much easier to retrieve ``m.group('zonem')``, instead of " +"having to remember to retrieve group 9." +msgstr "检索 ``m.group('zonem')`` 显然要容易得多，而不必记住检索第 9 组。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:967 +msgid "" +"The syntax for backreferences in an expression such as ``(...)\\1`` refers " +"to the number of the group. There's naturally a variant that uses the group" +" name instead of the number. This is another Python extension: ``(?P=name)``" +" indicates that the contents of the group called *name* should again be " +"matched at the current point. The regular expression for finding doubled " +"words, ``\\b(\\w+)\\s+\\1\\b`` can also be written as " +"``\\b(?P\\w+)\\s+(?P=word)\\b``::" +msgstr "" +"表达式中的后向引用语法，例如 ``(...)\\1``，指的是组的编号。 当然有一种变体使用组名而不是数字。 这是另一个 Python 扩展: " +"``(?P=name)`` 表示在当前点再次匹配名为 *name* 的组的内容。 " +"用于查找重复单词的正则表达式，``\\b(\\w+)\\s+\\1\\b`` 也可以写为 " +"``\\b(?P\\w+)\\s+(?P=word)\\b``::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:974 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\b(?P\\w+)\\s+(?P=word)\\b')\n" +">>> p.search('Paris in the the spring').group()\n" +"'the the'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\b(?P\\w+)\\s+(?P=word)\\b')\n" +">>> p.search('Paris in the the spring').group()\n" +"'the the'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:980 +msgid "Lookahead Assertions" +msgstr "前视断言" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:982 +msgid "" +"Another zero-width assertion is the lookahead assertion. Lookahead " +"assertions are available in both positive and negative form, and look like " +"this:" +msgstr "另一个零宽断言是前视断言。 前视断言有肯定型和否定型两种形式，如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:985 +msgid "``(?=...)``" +msgstr "``(?=…)``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:986 +msgid "" +"Positive lookahead assertion. This succeeds if the contained regular " +"expression, represented here by ``...``, successfully matches at the current" +" location, and fails otherwise. But, once the contained expression has been " +"tried, the matching engine doesn't advance at all; the rest of the pattern " +"is tried right where the assertion started." +msgstr "" +"肯定型前视断言。如果内部的表达式（这里用 ``...`` 来表示）在当前位置可以匹配，则匹配成功，否则匹配失败。 " +"但是，内部表达式尝试匹配之后，正则引擎并不会向前推进；正则表达式的其余部分依然会在断言开始的地方尝试匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:992 +msgid "``(?!...)``" +msgstr "``(?!…)``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:993 +msgid "" +"Negative lookahead assertion. This is the opposite of the positive " +"assertion; it succeeds if the contained expression *doesn't* match at the " +"current position in the string." +msgstr "否定型前视断言。 与肯定型断言正好相反，如果内部表达式在字符串中的当前位置 **不** 匹配，则成功。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:997 +msgid "" +"To make this concrete, let's look at a case where a lookahead is useful. " +"Consider a simple pattern to match a filename and split it apart into a base" +" name and an extension, separated by a ``.``. For example, in ``news.rc``, " +"``news`` is the base name, and ``rc`` is the filename's extension." +msgstr "" +"更具体一些，来看一个前视的实用案例。 考虑用一个简单的表达式来匹配文件名并将其拆分为基本名称和扩展名，以 ``.`` 分隔。 例如，在 " +"``news.rc`` 中，``news`` 是基本名称，``rc`` 是文件名的扩展名。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1002 +msgid "The pattern to match this is quite simple:" +msgstr "与此匹配的模式非常简单：" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1004 +msgid "``.*[.].*$``" +msgstr "``.*[.].*$``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"Notice that the ``.`` needs to be treated specially because it's a " +"metacharacter, so it's inside a character class to only match that specific " +"character. Also notice the trailing ``$``; this is added to ensure that all" +" the rest of the string must be included in the extension. This regular " +"expression matches ``foo.bar`` and ``autoexec.bat`` and ``sendmail.cf`` and " +"``printers.conf``." +msgstr "" +"请注意，``.`` 需要特别处理，因为它是元字符，所以它在字符类中只能匹配特定字符。 还要注意尾随的 " +"``$``；添加此项以确保扩展名中的所有其余字符串都必须包含在扩展名中。 这个正则表达式匹配 " +"``foo.bar``、``autoexec.bat``、``sendmail.cf`` 和 ``printers.conf``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1013 +msgid "" +"Now, consider complicating the problem a bit; what if you want to match " +"filenames where the extension is not ``bat``? Some incorrect attempts:" +msgstr "现在，考虑使更复杂一点的问题；如果你想匹配扩展名不是 ``bat`` 的文件名怎么办？ 一些错误的尝试：" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"``.*[.][^b].*$`` The first attempt above tries to exclude ``bat`` by " +"requiring that the first character of the extension is not a ``b``. This is" +" wrong, because the pattern also doesn't match ``foo.bar``." +msgstr "" +"``.*[.][^b].*$`` 上面的第一次尝试试图通过要求扩展名的第一个字符不是 ``b`` 来排除 ``bat``。 这是错误的，因为模式也与 " +"``foo.bar`` 不匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1020 +msgid "``.*[.]([^b]..|.[^a].|..[^t])$``" +msgstr "``.*[.]([^b]..|.[^a].|..[^t])$``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"The expression gets messier when you try to patch up the first solution by " +"requiring one of the following cases to match: the first character of the " +"extension isn't ``b``; the second character isn't ``a``; or the third " +"character isn't ``t``. This accepts ``foo.bar`` and rejects " +"``autoexec.bat``, but it requires a three-letter extension and won't accept " +"a filename with a two-letter extension such as ``sendmail.cf``. We'll " +"complicate the pattern again in an effort to fix it." +msgstr "" +"当你尝试通过要求以下一种情况匹配来修补第一个解决方案时，表达式变得更加混乱：扩展的第一个字符不是 ``b``。 第二个字符不 " +"``a``；或者第三个字符不是 ``t``。 这接受 ``foo.bar`` 并拒绝 " +"``autoexec.bat``，但它需要三个字母的扩展名，并且不接受带有两个字母扩展名的文件名，例如 ``sendmail.cf``。 " +"为了解决这个问题，我们会再次使模式复杂化。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1030 +msgid "``.*[.]([^b].?.?|.[^a]?.?|..?[^t]?)$``" +msgstr "``.*[.]([^b].?.?|.[^a]?.?|..?[^t]?)$``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"In the third attempt, the second and third letters are all made optional in " +"order to allow matching extensions shorter than three characters, such as " +"``sendmail.cf``." +msgstr "在第三次尝试中，第二个和第三个字母都是可选的，以便允许匹配的扩展名短于三个字符，例如 ``sendmail.cf``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"The pattern's getting really complicated now, which makes it hard to read " +"and understand. Worse, if the problem changes and you want to exclude both " +"``bat`` and ``exe`` as extensions, the pattern would get even more " +"complicated and confusing." +msgstr "" +"模式现在变得非常复杂，这使得它难以阅读和理解。 更糟糕的是，如果问题发生变化并且你想要将 ``bat`` 和 ``exe`` " +"排除为扩展，那么该模式将变得更加复杂和混乱。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1041 +msgid "A negative lookahead cuts through all this confusion:" +msgstr "否定型前视可以解决所有这些困扰：" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"``.*[.](?!bat$)[^.]*$`` The negative lookahead means: if the expression " +"``bat`` doesn't match at this point, try the rest of the pattern; if " +"``bat$`` does match, the whole pattern will fail. The trailing ``$`` is " +"required to ensure that something like ``sample.batch``, where the extension" +" only starts with ``bat``, will be allowed. The ``[^.]*`` makes sure that " +"the pattern works when there are multiple dots in the filename." +msgstr "" +"``.*[.](?!bat$)[^.]*$`` 否定型前视意味着：如果表达式 ``bat`` " +"在当前位置不能匹配，则可以接着尝试正则表达式的其余部分；如果 ``bat$`` 能匹配，则整个正则表达式将匹配失败。尾随的 ``$`` " +"是必需的，以确保可以匹配到像 ``sample.batch`` 这样以 ``bat`` 开头的文件名。当文件名中有多个点号时， ``[^.]*`` " +"可以确保表达式依然有效。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1050 +msgid "" +"Excluding another filename extension is now easy; simply add it as an " +"alternative inside the assertion. The following pattern excludes filenames " +"that end in either ``bat`` or ``exe``:" +msgstr "现在很容易排除另一个文件扩展名；只需在断言中添加它作为替代。 以下模块排除以 ``bat`` 或 ``exe``:" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1054 +msgid "``.*[.](?!bat$|exe$)[^.]*$``" +msgstr "``.*[.](?!bat$|exe$)[^.]*$``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1058 +msgid "Modifying Strings" +msgstr "修改字符串" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"Up to this point, we've simply performed searches against a static string. " +"Regular expressions are also commonly used to modify strings in various " +"ways, using the following pattern methods:" +msgstr "到目前为止，我们只是针对静态字符串执行搜索。 正则表达式通常也用于以各种方式修改字符串，使用以下模式方法：" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1067 +msgid "``split()``" +msgstr "``split()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1067 +msgid "Split the string into a list, splitting it wherever the RE matches" +msgstr "将字符串拆分为一个列表，在正则匹配的任何地方将其拆分" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1070 +msgid "``sub()``" +msgstr "``sub()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"Find all substrings where the RE matches, and replace them with a different " +"string" +msgstr "找到正则匹配的所有子字符串，并用不同的字符串替换它们" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1073 +msgid "``subn()``" +msgstr "``subn()``" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"Does the same thing as :meth:`!sub`, but returns the new string and the " +"number of replacements" +msgstr "与 :meth:`!sub` 相同，但返回新字符串和替换次数" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1080 +msgid "Splitting Strings" +msgstr "分割字符串" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~re.Pattern.split` method of a pattern splits a string apart " +"wherever the RE matches, returning a list of the pieces. It's similar to the" +" :meth:`~str.split` method of strings but provides much more generality in " +"the delimiters that you can split by; string :meth:`!split` only supports " +"splitting by whitespace or by a fixed string. As you'd expect, there's a " +"module-level :func:`re.split` function, too." +msgstr "" +"模式的 :meth:`~re.Pattern.split` 方法在正则匹配的任何地方拆分字符串，返回一个片段列表。 它类似于 " +":meth:`~str.split` 字符串方法，但在分隔符的分隔符中提供了更多的通用性；字符串的 :meth:`!split` " +"仅支持按空格或固定字符串进行拆分。 正如你所期望的那样，还有一个模块级 :func:`re.split` 函数。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"Split *string* by the matches of the regular expression. If capturing " +"parentheses are used in the RE, then their contents will also be returned as" +" part of the resulting list. If *maxsplit* is nonzero, at most *maxsplit* " +"splits are performed." +msgstr "" +"通过正则表达式的匹配拆分 *字符串*。 如果在正则中使用捕获括号，则它们的内容也将作为结果列表的一部分返回。 如果 *maxsplit* " +"非零，则最多执行 *maxsplit* 次拆分。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"You can limit the number of splits made, by passing a value for *maxsplit*. " +"When *maxsplit* is nonzero, at most *maxsplit* splits will be made, and the " +"remainder of the string is returned as the final element of the list. In " +"the following example, the delimiter is any sequence of non-alphanumeric " +"characters. ::" +msgstr "" +"你可以通过传递 *maxsplit* 的值来限制分割的数量。 当 *maxsplit* 非零时，将最多进行 *maxsplit* " +"次拆分，并且字符串的其余部分将作为列表的最后一个元素返回。 在以下示例中，分隔符是任何非字母数字字符序列。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1104 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\W+')\n" +">>> p.split('This is a test, short and sweet, of split().')\n" +"['This', 'is', 'a', 'test', 'short', 'and', 'sweet', 'of', 'split', '']\n" +">>> p.split('This is a test, short and sweet, of split().', 3)\n" +"['This', 'is', 'a', 'test, short and sweet, of split().']" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\W+')\n" +">>> p.split('This is a test, short and sweet, of split().')\n" +"['This', 'is', 'a', 'test', 'short', 'and', 'sweet', 'of', 'split', '']\n" +">>> p.split('This is a test, short and sweet, of split().', 3)\n" +"['This', 'is', 'a', 'test, short and sweet, of split().']" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you're not only interested in what the text between delimiters is," +" but also need to know what the delimiter was. If capturing parentheses are" +" used in the RE, then their values are also returned as part of the list. " +"Compare the following calls::" +msgstr "" +"有时你不仅对分隔符之间的文本感兴趣，而且还需要知道分隔符是什么。 如果在正则中使用捕获括号，则它们的值也将作为列表的一部分返回。 比较以下调用::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1115 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\W+')\n" +">>> p2 = re.compile(r'(\\W+)')\n" +">>> p.split('This... is a test.')\n" +"['This', 'is', 'a', 'test', '']\n" +">>> p2.split('This... is a test.')\n" +"['This', '... ', 'is', ' ', 'a', ' ', 'test', '.', '']" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\W+')\n" +">>> p2 = re.compile(r'(\\W+)')\n" +">>> p.split('This... is a test.')\n" +"['This', 'is', 'a', 'test', '']\n" +">>> p2.split('This... is a test.')\n" +"['This', '... ', 'is', ' ', 'a', ' ', 'test', '.', '']" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"The module-level function :func:`re.split` adds the RE to be used as the " +"first argument, but is otherwise the same. ::" +msgstr "模块级函数 :func:`re.split` 添加要正则作为第一个参数，但在其他方面是相同的。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1125 +msgid "" +">>> re.split(r'[\\W]+', 'Words, words, words.')\n" +"['Words', 'words', 'words', '']\n" +">>> re.split(r'([\\W]+)', 'Words, words, words.')\n" +"['Words', ', ', 'words', ', ', 'words', '.', '']\n" +">>> re.split(r'[\\W]+', 'Words, words, words.', 1)\n" +"['Words', 'words, words.']" +msgstr "" +">>> re.split(r'[\\W]+', 'Words, words, words.')\n" +"['Words', 'words', 'words', '']\n" +">>> re.split(r'([\\W]+)', 'Words, words, words.')\n" +"['Words', ', ', 'words', ', ', 'words', '.', '']\n" +">>> re.split(r'[\\W]+', 'Words, words, words.', 1)\n" +"['Words', 'words, words.']" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1134 +msgid "Search and Replace" +msgstr "搜索和替换" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"Another common task is to find all the matches for a pattern, and replace " +"them with a different string. The :meth:`~re.Pattern.sub` method takes a " +"replacement value, which can be either a string or a function, and the " +"string to be processed." +msgstr "" +"另一个常见任务是找到模式的所有匹配项，并用不同的字符串替换它们。 :meth:`~re.Pattern.sub` " +"方法接受一个替换值，可以是字符串或函数，也可以是要处理的字符串。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"Returns the string obtained by replacing the leftmost non-overlapping " +"occurrences of the RE in *string* by the replacement *replacement*. If the " +"pattern isn't found, *string* is returned unchanged." +msgstr "" +"返回通过替换 *replacement* 替换 *string* 中正则的最左边非重叠出现而获得的字符串。 如果未找到模式，则 *string* " +"将保持不变。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *count* is the maximum number of pattern occurrences " +"to be replaced; *count* must be a non-negative integer. The default value " +"of 0 means to replace all occurrences." +msgstr "可选参数 *count* 是要替换的模式最大的出现次数；*count* 必须是非负整数。 默认值 0 表示替换所有。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"Here's a simple example of using the :meth:`~re.Pattern.sub` method. It " +"replaces colour names with the word ``colour``::" +msgstr "这是一个使用 :meth:`~re.Pattern.sub` 方法的简单示例。 它用 ``colour`` 这个词取代颜色名称::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1154 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')\n" +">>> p.sub('colour', 'blue socks and red shoes')\n" +"'colour socks and colour shoes'\n" +">>> p.sub('colour', 'blue socks and red shoes', count=1)\n" +"'colour socks and red shoes'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')\n" +">>> p.sub('colour', 'blue socks and red shoes')\n" +"'colour socks and colour shoes'\n" +">>> p.sub('colour', 'blue socks and red shoes', count=1)\n" +"'colour socks and red shoes'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1160 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~re.Pattern.subn` method does the same work, but returns a " +"2-tuple containing the new string value and the number of replacements that" +" were performed::" +msgstr ":meth:`~re.Pattern.subn` 方法完成相同的工作，但返回一个包含新字符串值和已执行的替换次数的 2 元组::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1163 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')\n" +">>> p.subn('colour', 'blue socks and red shoes')\n" +"('colour socks and colour shoes', 2)\n" +">>> p.subn('colour', 'no colours at all')\n" +"('no colours at all', 0)" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('(blue|white|red)')\n" +">>> p.subn('colour', 'blue socks and red shoes')\n" +"('colour socks and colour shoes', 2)\n" +">>> p.subn('colour', 'no colours at all')\n" +"('no colours at all', 0)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1169 +msgid "" +"Empty matches are replaced only when they're not adjacent to a previous " +"empty match. ::" +msgstr "仅当空匹配与前一个空匹配不相邻时，才会替换空匹配。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1172 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('x*')\n" +">>> p.sub('-', 'abxd')\n" +"'-a-b--d-'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('x*')\n" +">>> p.sub('-', 'abxd')\n" +"'-a-b--d-'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"If *replacement* is a string, any backslash escapes in it are processed. " +"That is, ``\\n`` is converted to a single newline character, ``\\r`` is " +"converted to a carriage return, and so forth. Unknown escapes such as " +"``\\&`` are left alone. Backreferences, such as ``\\6``, are replaced with " +"the substring matched by the corresponding group in the RE. This lets you " +"incorporate portions of the original text in the resulting replacement " +"string." +msgstr "" +"如果 *replacement* 是一个字符串，则处理其中的任何反斜杠转义。 也就是说，``\\n`` 被转换为单个换行符，``\\r`` " +"被转换为回车符，依此类推。 诸如 ``\\&`` 之类的未知转义是孤立的。 后向引用，例如 ``\\6``，被替换为正则中相应组匹配的子字符串。 " +"这使你可以在生成的替换字符串中合并原始文本的部分内容。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"This example matches the word ``section`` followed by a string enclosed in " +"``{``, ``}``, and changes ``section`` to ``subsection``::" +msgstr "" +"这个例子匹配单词 ``section`` 后跟一个用 ``{``，``}`` 括起来的字符串，并将 ``section`` 改为 " +"``subsection`` ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1186 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('section{ ( [^}]* ) }', re.VERBOSE)\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\1}','section{First} section{second}')\n" +"'subsection{First} subsection{second}'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('section{ ( [^}]* ) }', re.VERBOSE)\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\1}','section{First} section{second}')\n" +"'subsection{First} subsection{second}'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"There's also a syntax for referring to named groups as defined by the " +"``(?P...)`` syntax. ``\\g`` will use the substring matched by " +"the group named ``name``, and ``\\g`` uses the corresponding group" +" number. ``\\g<2>`` is therefore equivalent to ``\\2``, but isn't ambiguous" +" in a replacement string such as ``\\g<2>0``. (``\\20`` would be " +"interpreted as a reference to group 20, not a reference to group 2 followed " +"by the literal character ``'0'``.) The following substitutions are all " +"equivalent, but use all three variations of the replacement string. ::" +msgstr "" +"还有一种语法用于引用由 ``(?P...)`` 语法定义的命名组。 ``\\g`` 将使用名为 ``name`` " +"的组匹配的子字符串，``\\g`` 使用相应的组号。 因此 ``\\g<2>`` 等同于 ``\\2``，但在诸如 " +"``\\g<2>0`` 之类的替换字符串中并不模糊。 (``\\20`` 将被解释为对组 20 的引用，而不是对组 2 的引用，后跟字面字符 " +"``'0'``。) 以下替换都是等效的，但使用所有三种变体替换字符串。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1199 +msgid "" +">>> p = re.compile('section{ (?P [^}]* ) }', re.VERBOSE)\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\1}','section{First}')\n" +"'subsection{First}'\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\g<1>}','section{First}')\n" +"'subsection{First}'\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\g}','section{First}')\n" +"'subsection{First}'" +msgstr "" +">>> p = re.compile('section{ (?P [^}]* ) }', re.VERBOSE)\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\1}','section{First}')\n" +"'subsection{First}'\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\g<1>}','section{First}')\n" +"'subsection{First}'\n" +">>> p.sub(r'subsection{\\g}','section{First}')\n" +"'subsection{First}'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1207 +msgid "" +"*replacement* can also be a function, which gives you even more control. If" +" *replacement* is a function, the function is called for every non-" +"overlapping occurrence of *pattern*. On each call, the function is passed a" +" :ref:`match object ` argument for the match and can use this" +" information to compute the desired replacement string and return it." +msgstr "" +"*replacement* 也可以是一个函数，它可以为你提供更多控制。 如果 *replacement* 是一个函数，则为 *pattern* " +"的每次非重叠出现将调用该函数。 在每次调用时，函数都会传递一个匹配的 :ref:`匹配对象 ` " +"参数，并可以使用此信息计算所需的替换字符串并将其返回。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"In the following example, the replacement function translates decimals into " +"hexadecimal::" +msgstr "在以下示例中，替换函数将小数转换为十六进制::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1216 +msgid "" +">>> def hexrepl(match):\n" +"... \"Return the hex string for a decimal number\"\n" +"... value = int(match.group())\n" +"... return hex(value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\d+')\n" +">>> p.sub(hexrepl, 'Call 65490 for printing, 49152 for user code.')\n" +"'Call 0xffd2 for printing, 0xc000 for user code.'" +msgstr "" +">>> def hexrepl(match):\n" +"... \"返回十进制数字的十六进制字符串\"\n" +"... value = int(match.group())\n" +"... return hex(value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = re.compile(r'\\d+')\n" +">>> p.sub(hexrepl, 'Call 65490 for printing, 49152 for user code.')\n" +"'Call 0xffd2 for printing, 0xc000 for user code.'" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"When using the module-level :func:`re.sub` function, the pattern is passed " +"as the first argument. The pattern may be provided as an object or as a " +"string; if you need to specify regular expression flags, you must either use" +" a pattern object as the first parameter, or use embedded modifiers in the " +"pattern string, e.g. ``sub(\"(?i)b+\", \"x\", \"bbbb BBBB\")`` returns ``'x " +"x'``." +msgstr "" +"使用模块级别 :func:`re.sub` 函数时，模式作为第一个参数传递。 " +"模式可以是对象或字符串；如果需要指定正则表达式标志，则必须使用模式对象作为第一个参数，或者在模式字符串中使用嵌入式修饰符，例如: " +"``sub(\"(?i)b+\", \"x\", \"bbbb BBBB\")`` 返回 ``'x x'``。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1233 +msgid "Common Problems" +msgstr "常见问题" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1235 +msgid "" +"Regular expressions are a powerful tool for some applications, but in some " +"ways their behaviour isn't intuitive and at times they don't behave the way " +"you may expect them to. This section will point out some of the most common" +" pitfalls." +msgstr "" +"正则表达式对于某些应用程序来说是一个强大的工具，但在某些方面，它们的行为并不直观，有时它们的行为方式与你的预期不同。 本节将指出一些最常见的陷阱。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1241 +msgid "Use String Methods" +msgstr "使用字符串方法" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1243 +msgid "" +"Sometimes using the :mod:`re` module is a mistake. If you're matching a " +"fixed string, or a single character class, and you're not using any " +":mod:`re` features such as the :const:`~re.IGNORECASE` flag, then the full " +"power of regular expressions may not be required. Strings have several " +"methods for performing operations with fixed strings and they're usually " +"much faster, because the implementation is a single small C loop that's been" +" optimized for the purpose, instead of the large, more generalized regular " +"expression engine." +msgstr "" +"有时使用 :mod:`re` 模块是一个错误。 如果你匹配固定字符串或单个字符类，并且你没有使用任何 :mod:`re` 功能，例如 " +":const:`~re.IGNORECASE` 标志，那么正则表达式的全部功能可能不是必需的。 " +"字符串有几种方法可以使用固定字符串执行操作，它们通常要快得多，因为实现是一个针对此目的而优化的单个小 C 循环，而不是大型、更通用的正则表达式引擎。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"One example might be replacing a single fixed string with another one; for " +"example, you might replace ``word`` with ``deed``. :func:`re.sub` seems " +"like the function to use for this, but consider the :meth:`~str.replace` " +"method. Note that :meth:`!replace` will also replace ``word`` inside words," +" turning ``swordfish`` into ``sdeedfish``, but the naive RE ``word`` would " +"have done that, too. (To avoid performing the substitution on parts of " +"words, the pattern would have to be ``\\bword\\b``, in order to require that" +" ``word`` have a word boundary on either side. This takes the job beyond " +":meth:`!replace`'s abilities.)" +msgstr "" +"一个例子可能是用另一个固定字符串替换一个固定字符串；例如，你可以用 ``deed`` 替换 ``word`` 。 :func:`re.sub` " +"看起来像是用于此的函数，但请考虑 :meth:`~str.replace` 方法。 注意 :meth:`!replace` 也会替换单词里面的 " +"``word`` ，把 ``swordfish`` 变成 ``sdeedfish`` ，但简单的正则 ``word`` 也会这样做。 " +"（为了避免对单词的部分进行替换，模式必须是 ``\\bword\\b``，以便要求 ``word`` 在任何一方都有一个单词边界。这使得工作超出了 " +":meth:`!replace` 的能力。）" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"Another common task is deleting every occurrence of a single character from " +"a string or replacing it with another single character. You might do this " +"with something like ``re.sub('\\n', ' ', S)``, but :meth:`~str.translate` is" +" capable of doing both tasks and will be faster than any regular expression " +"operation can be." +msgstr "" +"另一个常见任务是从字符串中删除单个字符的每个匹配项或将其替换为另一个字符。 你可以用 ``re.sub('\\n', ' ', S)`` " +"之类的东西来做这件事，但是 :meth:`~str.translate` 能够完成这两项任务，并且比任何正则表达式都快。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1266 +msgid "" +"In short, before turning to the :mod:`re` module, consider whether your " +"problem can be solved with a faster and simpler string method." +msgstr "简而言之，在转向 :mod:`re` 模块之前，请考虑是否可以使用更快更简单的字符串方法解决问题。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1271 +msgid "match() versus search()" +msgstr "match() 和 search()" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1273 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~re.match` function only checks if the RE matches at the " +"beginning of the string while :func:`~re.search` will scan forward through " +"the string for a match. It's important to keep this distinction in mind. " +"Remember, :func:`!match` will only report a successful match which will " +"start at 0; if the match wouldn't start at zero, :func:`!match` will *not* " +"report it. ::" +msgstr "" +" :func:`~re.match` 函数只检查正则能否在字符串起始位置上找到匹配项，而 :func:`~re.search` " +"将向前扫描整个字符串的所有位置查找匹配项。 记住这一区别非常重要。 记住， :func:`!match` " +"仅会返回起始于位置0的匹配项；如果匹配不是起始于位置0，则 :func:`!match` *不会* 返回。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1279 +msgid "" +">>> print(re.match('super', 'superstition').span())\n" +"(0, 5)\n" +">>> print(re.match('super', 'insuperable'))\n" +"None" +msgstr "" +">>> print(re.match('super', 'superstition').span())\n" +"(0, 5)\n" +">>> print(re.match('super', 'insuperable'))\n" +"None" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, :func:`~re.search` will scan forward through the string, " +"reporting the first match it finds. ::" +msgstr "另一方面， :func:`~re.search` 将向前扫描字符串，报告它找到的第一个匹配项。::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1287 +msgid "" +">>> print(re.search('super', 'superstition').span())\n" +"(0, 5)\n" +">>> print(re.search('super', 'insuperable').span())\n" +"(2, 7)" +msgstr "" +">>> print(re.search('super', 'superstition').span())\n" +"(0, 5)\n" +">>> print(re.search('super', 'insuperable').span())\n" +"(2, 7)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you'll be tempted to keep using :func:`re.match`, and just add " +"``.*`` to the front of your RE. Resist this temptation and use " +":func:`re.search` instead. The regular expression compiler does some " +"analysis of REs in order to speed up the process of looking for a match. " +"One such analysis figures out what the first character of a match must be; " +"for example, a pattern starting with ``Crow`` must match starting with a " +"``'C'``. The analysis lets the engine quickly scan through the string " +"looking for the starting character, only trying the full match if a ``'C'`` " +"is found." +msgstr "" +"有时你会被诱惑继续使用 :func:`re.match` ，只需在你的正则前面添加 ``.*`` 。抵制这种诱惑并使用 " +":func:`re.search` 代替。 正则表达式编译器对正则进行一些分析，以加快寻找匹配的过程。 " +"其中一个分析可以确定匹配的第一个特征必须是什么；例如，以 ``Crow`` 开头的模式必须与 ``'C'`` 匹配。 " +"分析让引擎快速扫描字符串，寻找起始字符，只在找到 ``'C'`` 时尝试完全匹配。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"Adding ``.*`` defeats this optimization, requiring scanning to the end of " +"the string and then backtracking to find a match for the rest of the RE. " +"Use :func:`re.search` instead." +msgstr "" +"添加 ``.*`` 会使这个优化失效，需要扫描到字符串的末尾，然后回溯以找到正则的其余部分的匹配。 使用 :func:`re.search` 代替。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1307 +msgid "Greedy versus Non-Greedy" +msgstr "贪婪与非贪婪" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1309 +msgid "" +"When repeating a regular expression, as in ``a*``, the resulting action is " +"to consume as much of the pattern as possible. This fact often bites you " +"when you're trying to match a pair of balanced delimiters, such as the angle" +" brackets surrounding an HTML tag. The naive pattern for matching a single " +"HTML tag doesn't work because of the greedy nature of ``.*``. ::" +msgstr "" +"当重复一个正则表达式时，就像在 ``a*`` 中一样，最终的动作就是消耗尽可能多的模式。 当你尝试匹配一对对称分隔符，例如 HTML " +"标记周围的尖括号时，这个事实经常会让你感到困惑。因为 ``.*`` 的贪婪性质， 用于匹配单个 HTML 标记的简单模式不起作用。 ::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1315 +msgid "" +">>> s = 'Title'\n" +">>> len(s)\n" +"32\n" +">>> print(re.match('<.*>', s).span())\n" +"(0, 32)\n" +">>> print(re.match('<.*>', s).group())\n" +"Title" +msgstr "" +">>> s = 'Title'\n" +">>> len(s)\n" +"32\n" +">>> print(re.match('<.*>', s).span())\n" +"(0, 32)\n" +">>> print(re.match('<.*>', s).group())\n" +"Title" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"The RE matches the ``'<'`` in ``''``, and the ``.*`` consumes the rest" +" of the string. There's still more left in the RE, though, and the ``>`` " +"can't match at the end of the string, so the regular expression engine has " +"to backtrack character by character until it finds a match for the ``>``. " +"The final match extends from the ``'<'`` in ``''`` to the ``'>'`` in " +"``''``, which isn't what you want." +msgstr "" +"正则匹配 ``'<'`` 中的 ``''`` 和 ``.*`` 消耗字符串的其余部分。 正则中还有更多的剩余东西，并且 ``>`` " +"在字符串的末尾不能匹配，所以正则表达式引擎必须逐个字符地回溯，直到它找到匹配 ``>`` 。最终匹配从 ``''`` 中的 ``'<'`` " +"扩展到 ``''`` 中的 ``'>'`` ，而这并不是你想要的结果。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"In this case, the solution is to use the non-greedy quantifiers ``*?``, " +"``+?``, ``??``, or ``{m,n}?``, which match as *little* text as possible. In" +" the above example, the ``'>'`` is tried immediately after the first ``'<'``" +" matches, and when it fails, the engine advances a character at a time, " +"retrying the ``'>'`` at every step. This produces just the right result::" +msgstr "" +"在这种情况下，解决方案是使用非贪婪限定符 ``*?``, ``+?``, ``??`` 或 ``{m,n}?``，它们会匹配尽可能 *少的* 文本。 " +"在上面的例子中，``'>'`` 会在第一个 ``'<'`` 匹配后被立即尝试，而当匹配失败时，引擎将每次前进一个字符，并在每一步重试 ``'>'``。 " +"这将产生正确的结果::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1336 +msgid "" +">>> print(re.match('<.*?>', s).group())\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> print(re.match('<.*?>', s).group())\n" +"" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"(Note that parsing HTML or XML with regular expressions is painful. Quick-" +"and-dirty patterns will handle common cases, but HTML and XML have special " +"cases that will break the obvious regular expression; by the time you've " +"written a regular expression that handles all of the possible cases, the " +"patterns will be *very* complicated. Use an HTML or XML parser module for " +"such tasks.)" +msgstr "" +"（请注意，使用正则表达式解析 HTML 或 XML 很痛苦。快而脏的模式将处理常见情况，但 HTML 和 XML " +"有特殊情况会破坏明显的正则表达式；当你编写正则表达式处理所有可能的情况时，模式将非常复杂。使用 HTML 或 XML 解析器模块来执行此类任务。）" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1347 +msgid "Using re.VERBOSE" +msgstr "使用 re.VERBOSE" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1349 +msgid "" +"By now you've probably noticed that regular expressions are a very compact " +"notation, but they're not terribly readable. REs of moderate complexity can" +" become lengthy collections of backslashes, parentheses, and metacharacters," +" making them difficult to read and understand." +msgstr "" +"到目前为止，你可能已经注意到正则表达式是一种非常紧凑的表示法，但它们并不是非常易读。 " +"具有中等复杂度的正则可能会成为反斜杠、括号和元字符的冗长集合，使其难以阅读和理解。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1354 +msgid "" +"For such REs, specifying the :const:`re.VERBOSE` flag when compiling the " +"regular expression can be helpful, because it allows you to format the " +"regular expression more clearly." +msgstr "对于这样的正则，在编译正则表达式时指定 :const:`re.VERBOSE` 标志可能会有所帮助，因为它允许你更清楚地格式化正则表达式。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1358 +msgid "" +"The ``re.VERBOSE`` flag has several effects. Whitespace in the regular " +"expression that *isn't* inside a character class is ignored. This means " +"that an expression such as ``dog | cat`` is equivalent to the less readable " +"``dog|cat``, but ``[a b]`` will still match the characters ``'a'``, ``'b'``," +" or a space. In addition, you can also put comments inside a RE; comments " +"extend from a ``#`` character to the next newline. When used with triple-" +"quoted strings, this enables REs to be formatted more neatly::" +msgstr "" +"``re.VERBOSE`` 标志有几种效果。 正则表达式中的 *不是* 在字符类中的空格将被忽略。 这意味着表达式如 ``dog | cat`` " +"等同于不太可读的 ``dog|cat`` ，但 ``[a b]`` 仍将匹配字符 ``'a'`` 、 ``'b'`` 或空格。 " +"此外，你还可以在正则中放置注释；注释从 ``#`` 字符扩展到下一个换行符。 当与三引号字符串一起使用时，这使正则的格式更加整齐::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"pat = re.compile(r\"\"\"\n" +" \\s* # Skip leading whitespace\n" +" (?P
[^:]+) # Header name\n" +" \\s* : # Whitespace, and a colon\n" +" (?P.*?) # The header's value -- *? used to\n" +" # lose the following trailing whitespace\n" +" \\s*$ # Trailing whitespace to end-of-line\n" +"\"\"\", re.VERBOSE)" +msgstr "" +"pat = re.compile(r\"\"\"\n" +" \\s* # Skip leading whitespace\n" +" (?P
[^:]+) # Header name\n" +" \\s* : # Whitespace, and a colon\n" +" (?P.*?) # The header's value -- *? used to\n" +" # lose the following trailing whitespace\n" +" \\s*$ # Trailing whitespace to end-of-line\n" +"\"\"\", re.VERBOSE)" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1375 +msgid "This is far more readable than::" +msgstr "这更具有可读性::" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1377 +msgid "pat = re.compile(r\"\\s*(?P
[^:]+)\\s*:(?P.*?)\\s*$\")" +msgstr "pat = re.compile(r\"\\s*(?P
[^:]+)\\s*:(?P.*?)\\s*$\")" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1381 +msgid "Feedback" +msgstr "反馈" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1383 +msgid "" +"Regular expressions are a complicated topic. Did this document help you " +"understand them? Were there parts that were unclear, or Problems you " +"encountered that weren't covered here? If so, please send suggestions for " +"improvements to the author." +msgstr "" +"正则表达式是一个复杂的主题。 这份文档是否有助于你理解它们？ 是否存在不清楚的部分，或者你遇到的问题未在此处涉及？ 如果是，请向作者发送改进建议。" + +#: ../../howto/regex.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"The most complete book on regular expressions is almost certainly Jeffrey " +"Friedl's Mastering Regular Expressions, published by O'Reilly. " +"Unfortunately, it exclusively concentrates on Perl and Java's flavours of " +"regular expressions, and doesn't contain any Python material at all, so it " +"won't be useful as a reference for programming in Python. (The first " +"edition covered Python's now-removed :mod:`!regex` module, which won't help " +"you much.) Consider checking it out from your library." +msgstr "" +"关于正则表达式的最完整的书几乎肯定是由 O'Reilly 出版的 Jeffrey Friedl 的 Mastering Regular " +"Expressions 。 不幸的是，它专注于 Perl 和 Java 的正则表达式，并且根本不包含任何 Python 材料，因此它不能用作 " +"Python 编程的参考。 （第一版涵盖了 Python 现在删除的 :mod:`!regex` 模块，这对你没有多大帮助。）考虑从你的图书馆中查找它。" diff --git a/howto/sockets.po b/howto/sockets.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41ad5b3cb --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/sockets.po @@ -0,0 +1,732 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# kily zhou , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:5 +msgid "Socket Programming HOWTO" +msgstr "套接字编程指南" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:7 +msgid "Gordon McMillan" +msgstr "Gordon McMillan" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst-1 +msgid "Abstract" +msgstr "摘要" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:12 +msgid "" +"Sockets are used nearly everywhere, but are one of the most severely " +"misunderstood technologies around. This is a 10,000 foot overview of " +"sockets. It's not really a tutorial - you'll still have work to do in " +"getting things operational. It doesn't cover the fine points (and there are " +"a lot of them), but I hope it will give you enough background to begin using" +" them decently." +msgstr "" +"套接字几乎无处不在，但是它却是被误解最严重的技术之一。这是一篇简单的套接字概述。并不是一篇真正的教程 —— " +"你需要做更多的事情才能让它工作起来。其中也并没有涵盖细节（细节会有很多），但是我希望它能提供足够的背景知识，让你像模像样的开始使用套接字" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:20 +msgid "Sockets" +msgstr "套接字" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:22 +msgid "" +"I'm only going to talk about INET (i.e. IPv4) sockets, but they account for " +"at least 99% of the sockets in use. And I'll only talk about STREAM (i.e. " +"TCP) sockets - unless you really know what you're doing (in which case this " +"HOWTO isn't for you!), you'll get better behavior and performance from a " +"STREAM socket than anything else. I will try to clear up the mystery of what" +" a socket is, as well as some hints on how to work with blocking and non-" +"blocking sockets. But I'll start by talking about blocking sockets. You'll " +"need to know how they work before dealing with non-blocking sockets." +msgstr "" +"我将只讨论关于 INET（比如：IPv4 地址族）的套接字，但是它将覆盖几乎 99% 的套接字使用场景。并且我将仅讨论 " +"STREAM（比如：TCP）类型的套接字 - 除非你真的知道你在做什么（那么这篇 HOWTO 可能并不适合你），使用 STREAM " +"类型的套接字将会得到比其它类型更好的表现与性能。我将尝试揭开套接字的神秘面纱，也会讲到一些阻塞与非阻塞套接字的使用。但是我将以阻塞套接字为起点开始讨论。只有你了解它是如何工作的以后才能处理非阻塞套接字。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Part of the trouble with understanding these things is that \"socket\" can " +"mean a number of subtly different things, depending on context. So first, " +"let's make a distinction between a \"client\" socket - an endpoint of a " +"conversation, and a \"server\" socket, which is more like a switchboard " +"operator. The client application (your browser, for example) uses \"client\"" +" sockets exclusively; the web server it's talking to uses both \"server\" " +"sockets and \"client\" sockets." +msgstr "" +"理解这些东西的难点之一在于「套接字」可以表示很多微妙差异的东西，这取决于上下文。所以首先，让我们先分清楚「客户端」套接字和「服务端」套接字之间的不同，客户端套接字表示对话的一端，服务端套接字更像是总机接线员。客户端程序只能（比如：你的浏览器）使用「客户端」套接字；网络服务器则可以使用「服务端」套接字和「客户端」套接字来会话" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:40 +msgid "History" +msgstr "历史" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Of the various forms of :abbr:`IPC (Inter Process Communication)`, sockets " +"are by far the most popular. On any given platform, there are likely to be " +"other forms of IPC that are faster, but for cross-platform communication, " +"sockets are about the only game in town." +msgstr "" +"目前为止，在各种形式的 :abbr:`IPC (进程间通信)` 中，套接字是最流行的。在任何指定的平台上，可能会有其它更快的 IPC " +"形式，但是就跨平台通信来说，套接字大概是唯一的玩法" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:47 +msgid "" +"They were invented in Berkeley as part of the BSD flavor of Unix. They " +"spread like wildfire with the internet. With good reason --- the combination" +" of sockets with INET makes talking to arbitrary machines around the world " +"unbelievably easy (at least compared to other schemes)." +msgstr "" +"套接字作为 Unix 的 BSD 分支的一部分诞生于 Berkeley。 它们像野火一样在互联网上传播。 这是有充分理由的 --- 套接字与 INET " +"的结合让世界各地的任何机器之间的通信变得令人难以置信的简单（至少是与其他方案相比）。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:54 +msgid "Creating a Socket" +msgstr "创建套接字" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Roughly speaking, when you clicked on the link that brought you to this " +"page, your browser did something like the following::" +msgstr "简略地说，当你点击带你来到这个页面的链接时，你的浏览器就已经做了下面这几件事情::" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:59 +msgid "" +"# create an INET, STREAMing socket\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"# now connect to the web server on port 80 - the normal http port\n" +"s.connect((\"www.python.org\", 80))" +msgstr "" +"# 创建一个 INET, STREAMing 套接字\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"# 现在连接到 web 服务器 80 端口 - 标准的 http 端口\n" +"s.connect((\"www.python.org\", 80))" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:64 +msgid "" +"When the ``connect`` completes, the socket ``s`` can be used to send in a " +"request for the text of the page. The same socket will read the reply, and " +"then be destroyed. That's right, destroyed. Client sockets are normally only" +" used for one exchange (or a small set of sequential exchanges)." +msgstr "" +"当连接完成，套接字可以用来发送请求来接收页面上显示的文字。同样是这个套接字也会用来读取响应，最后再被销毁。是的，被销毁了。客户端套接字通常用来做一次交换（或者说一小组序列的交换）。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:70 +msgid "" +"What happens in the web server is a bit more complex. First, the web server " +"creates a \"server socket\"::" +msgstr "网络服务器发生了什么这个问题就有点复杂了。首页，服务器创建一个「服务端套接字」::" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:73 +msgid "" +"# create an INET, STREAMing socket\n" +"serversocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"# bind the socket to a public host, and a well-known port\n" +"serversocket.bind((socket.gethostname(), 80))\n" +"# become a server socket\n" +"serversocket.listen(5)" +msgstr "" +"# 创建一个 INET, STREAM 套接字\n" +"serversocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"# 将套接字绑定到一个全局的主机和知名的端口\n" +"serversocket.bind((socket.gethostname(), 80))\n" +"# 成为服务器套接字\n" +"serversocket.listen(5)" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:80 +msgid "" +"A couple things to notice: we used ``socket.gethostname()`` so that the " +"socket would be visible to the outside world. If we had used " +"``s.bind(('localhost', 80))`` or ``s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 80))`` we would " +"still have a \"server\" socket, but one that was only visible within the " +"same machine. ``s.bind(('', 80))`` specifies that the socket is reachable " +"by any address the machine happens to have." +msgstr "" +"有几件事需要注意：我们使用了 ``socket.gethostname()``，所以套接字将外网可见。如果我们使用的是 " +"``s.bind(('localhost', 80))`` 或者 ``s.bind(('127.0.0.1', " +"80))``，也会得到一个「服务端」套接字，但是后者只在同一机器上可见。``s.bind(('', " +"80))`` 则指定套接字可以被机器上的任何地址碰巧连接" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:87 +msgid "" +"A second thing to note: low number ports are usually reserved for \"well " +"known\" services (HTTP, SNMP etc). If you're playing around, use a nice high" +" number (4 digits)." +msgstr "" +"第二个需要注点是：低端口号通常被一些「常用的」服务（HTTP, SNMP 等）所保留。如果你想把程序跑起来，最好使用一个高位端口号（通常是4位的数字）。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Finally, the argument to ``listen`` tells the socket library that we want it" +" to queue up as many as 5 connect requests (the normal max) before refusing " +"outside connections. If the rest of the code is written properly, that " +"should be plenty." +msgstr "" +"最后，``listen`` 方法的参数会告诉套接字库，我们希望在队列中累积多达 5 个（通常的最大值）连接请求后再拒绝外部连接。 " +"如果所有其他代码都准确无误，这个队列长度应该是足够的。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Now that we have a \"server\" socket, listening on port 80, we can enter the" +" mainloop of the web server::" +msgstr "现在我们已经有一个「服务端」套接字，监听了 80 端口，我们可以进入网络服务器的主循环了::" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:98 +msgid "" +"while True:\n" +" # accept connections from outside\n" +" (clientsocket, address) = serversocket.accept()\n" +" # now do something with the clientsocket\n" +" # in this case, we'll pretend this is a threaded server\n" +" ct = client_thread(clientsocket)\n" +" ct.run()" +msgstr "" +"while True:\n" +" # 接受外来的连接\n" +" (clientsocket, address) = serversocket.accept()\n" +" # 现在使用 clientsocket 执行一些操作\n" +" # 在本场景中，我们假装这是个线程化服务器\n" +" ct = client_thread(clientsocket)\n" +" ct.run()" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:106 +msgid "" +"There's actually 3 general ways in which this loop could work - dispatching " +"a thread to handle ``clientsocket``, create a new process to handle " +"``clientsocket``, or restructure this app to use non-blocking sockets, and " +"multiplex between our \"server\" socket and any active ``clientsocket``\\ s " +"using ``select``. More about that later. The important thing to understand " +"now is this: this is *all* a \"server\" socket does. It doesn't send any " +"data. It doesn't receive any data. It just produces \"client\" sockets. Each" +" ``clientsocket`` is created in response to some *other* \"client\" socket " +"doing a ``connect()`` to the host and port we're bound to. As soon as we've " +"created that ``clientsocket``, we go back to listening for more connections." +" The two \"clients\" are free to chat it up - they are using some " +"dynamically allocated port which will be recycled when the conversation " +"ends." +msgstr "" +"事际上，通常有 3 种方法可以让这个循环工作起来 - 调度一个线程来处理 ``客户端套接字``，或者把这个应用改成使用非阻塞模式套接字，亦或是使用 " +"``select`` 库来实现「服务端」套接字与任意活动 ``客户端套接字`` 之间的多路复用。稍后会详细介绍。现在最重要的是理解：这就是一个 " +"*服务端* 套接字做的 *所有* 事情。它并没有发送任何数据。也没有接收任何数据。它只创建「客户端」套接字。每个 ``客户端套接字`` " +"都是为了响应某些其它客户端套接字 ``connect()`` 到我们绑定的主机。一旦创建 ``客户端套接字`` " +"完成，就会返回并监听更多的连接请求。现个客户端可以随意通信 - 它们使用了一些动态分配的端口，会话结束时端口才会被回收" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:121 +msgid "IPC" +msgstr "进程间通信" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:123 +msgid "" +"If you need fast IPC between two processes on one machine, you should look " +"into pipes or shared memory. If you do decide to use AF_INET sockets, bind " +"the \"server\" socket to ``'localhost'``. On most platforms, this will take " +"a shortcut around a couple of layers of network code and be quite a bit " +"faster." +msgstr "" +"如果你需要在同一台机器上进行两个进程间的快速 IPC 通信，你应该了解管道或者共享内存。如果你决定使用 AF_INET " +"类型的套接字，绑定「服务端」套接字到 ``'localhost'`` " +"。在大多数平台，这将会使用一个许多网络层间的通用快捷方式（本地回环地址）并且速度会快很多" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`multiprocessing` integrates cross-platform IPC into a higher-level" +" API." +msgstr ":mod:`multiprocessing` 模块使跨平台 IPC 通信成为一个高层的 API" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:134 +msgid "Using a Socket" +msgstr "使用一个套接字" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:136 +msgid "" +"The first thing to note, is that the web browser's \"client\" socket and the" +" web server's \"client\" socket are identical beasts. That is, this is a " +"\"peer to peer\" conversation. Or to put it another way, *as the designer, " +"you will have to decide what the rules of etiquette are for a conversation*." +" Normally, the ``connect``\\ ing socket starts the conversation, by sending " +"in a request, or perhaps a signon. But that's a design decision - it's not a" +" rule of sockets." +msgstr "" +"首先需要注意，浏览器的「客户端」套接字和网络服务器的「客户端」套接字是极为相似的。即这种会话是「点对点」的。或者也可以说 " +"*你作为设计师需要自行决定会话的规则和礼节* 。通常情况下，``连接`` " +"套接字通过发送一个请求或者信号来开始一次会话。但这属于设计决定，并不是套接字规则。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Now there are two sets of verbs to use for communication. You can use " +"``send`` and ``recv``, or you can transform your client socket into a file-" +"like beast and use ``read`` and ``write``. The latter is the way Java " +"presents its sockets. I'm not going to talk about it here, except to warn " +"you that you need to use ``flush`` on sockets. These are buffered \"files\"," +" and a common mistake is to ``write`` something, and then ``read`` for a " +"reply. Without a ``flush`` in there, you may wait forever for the reply, " +"because the request may still be in your output buffer." +msgstr "" +"现在有两组用于通信的动词。你可以使用 ``send`` 和 ``recv`` ，或者你可以把客户端套接字改成文件类型的形式来使用 ``read`` 和" +" ``write`` 方法。后者是 Java 语言中表示套接字的方法，我将不会在这儿讨论这个，但是要提醒你需要调用套接字的 ``flush`` " +"方法。这些是“缓冲”的文件，一个经常出现的错误是 ``write`` 一些东西，然后就直接开始 ``read`` 一个响应。如果不调用 " +"``flush`` ，你可能会一直等待这个响应，因为请求可能还在你的输出缓冲中。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Now we come to the major stumbling block of sockets - ``send`` and ``recv`` " +"operate on the network buffers. They do not necessarily handle all the bytes" +" you hand them (or expect from them), because their major focus is handling " +"the network buffers. In general, they return when the associated network " +"buffers have been filled (``send``) or emptied (``recv``). They then tell " +"you how many bytes they handled. It is *your* responsibility to call them " +"again until your message has been completely dealt with." +msgstr "" +"现在我来到了套接字的两个主要的绊脚石 - ``send`` 和 ``recv`` " +"操作网络缓冲区。它们并不一定可以处理所有你想要（期望）的字节，因为它们主要关注点是处理网络缓冲。通常，它们在关联的网络缓冲区 ``send`` 或者清空" +" ``recv`` 时返回。然后告诉你处理了多少个字节。*你* 的责任是一直调用它们直到你所有的消息处理完成。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:160 +msgid "" +"When a ``recv`` returns 0 bytes, it means the other side has closed (or is " +"in the process of closing) the connection. You will not receive any more " +"data on this connection. Ever. You may be able to send data successfully; " +"I'll talk more about this later." +msgstr "" +"当 ``recv`` 方法返回 0 " +"字节时，就表示另一端已经关闭（或者它所在的进程关闭）了连接。你再也不能从这个连接上获取到任何数据了。你可以成功的发送数据；我将在后面讨论这一点。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:165 +msgid "" +"A protocol like HTTP uses a socket for only one transfer. The client sends a" +" request, then reads a reply. That's it. The socket is discarded. This " +"means that a client can detect the end of the reply by receiving 0 bytes." +msgstr "" +"像 HTTP 这样的协议只使用一个套接字进行一次传输。客户端发送一个请求，然后读取响应。就这么简单。套接字会被销毁。 表示客户端可以通过接收 0 " +"字节序列表示检测到响应的结束。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:169 +msgid "" +"But if you plan to reuse your socket for further transfers, you need to " +"realize that *there is no* :abbr:`EOT (End of Transfer)` *on a socket.* I " +"repeat: if a socket ``send`` or ``recv`` returns after handling 0 bytes, the" +" connection has been broken. If the connection has *not* been broken, you " +"may wait on a ``recv`` forever, because the socket will *not* tell you that " +"there's nothing more to read (for now). Now if you think about that a bit, " +"you'll come to realize a fundamental truth of sockets: *messages must either" +" be fixed length* (yuck), *or be delimited* (shrug), *or indicate how long " +"they are* (much better), *or end by shutting down the connection*. The " +"choice is entirely yours, (but some ways are righter than others)." +msgstr "" +"但是如果你打算在随后来的传输中复用套接字的话，你需要明白 *套接字里面是不存在 :abbr:`EOT (传输结束)`* 的。重复一下：套接字 " +"``send`` 或者 ``recv`` 完 0 字节后返回，连接会中断。如果连接没有被断开，你可能会永远处于等待 ``recv`` " +"的状态，因为（就目前来说）套接字 *不会* " +"告诉你不用再读取了。现在如果你细心一点，你可能会意识到套接字基本事实：*消息必须要么具有固定长度，要么可以界定，要么指定了长度（比较好的做法），要么以关闭连接为结束*。选择完全由你而定（这比让别人定更合理）。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Assuming you don't want to end the connection, the simplest solution is a " +"fixed length message::" +msgstr "假定你不希望结束连接，那么最简单的解决方案就是使用定长消息::" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:183 +msgid "" +"class MySocket:\n" +" \"\"\"demonstration class only\n" +" - coded for clarity, not efficiency\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, sock=None):\n" +" if sock is None:\n" +" self.sock = socket.socket(\n" +" socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +" else:\n" +" self.sock = sock\n" +"\n" +" def connect(self, host, port):\n" +" self.sock.connect((host, port))\n" +"\n" +" def mysend(self, msg):\n" +" totalsent = 0\n" +" while totalsent < MSGLEN:\n" +" sent = self.sock.send(msg[totalsent:])\n" +" if sent == 0:\n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"socket connection broken\")\n" +" totalsent = totalsent + sent\n" +"\n" +" def myreceive(self):\n" +" chunks = []\n" +" bytes_recd = 0\n" +" while bytes_recd < MSGLEN:\n" +" chunk = self.sock.recv(min(MSGLEN - bytes_recd, 2048))\n" +" if chunk == b'':\n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"socket connection broken\")\n" +" chunks.append(chunk)\n" +" bytes_recd = bytes_recd + len(chunk)\n" +" return b''.join(chunks)" +msgstr "" +"class MySocket:\n" +" \"\"\"仅用于演示的类\n" +" - 代码保证清析，不保证效率\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, sock=None):\n" +" if sock is None:\n" +" self.sock = socket.socket(\n" +" socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +" else:\n" +" self.sock = sock\n" +"\n" +" def connect(self, host, port):\n" +" self.sock.connect((host, port))\n" +"\n" +" def mysend(self, msg):\n" +" totalsent = 0\n" +" while totalsent < MSGLEN:\n" +" sent = self.sock.send(msg[totalsent:])\n" +" if sent == 0:\n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"socket connection broken\")\n" +" totalsent = totalsent + sent\n" +"\n" +" def myreceive(self):\n" +" chunks = []\n" +" bytes_recd = 0\n" +" while bytes_recd < MSGLEN:\n" +" chunk = self.sock.recv(min(MSGLEN - bytes_recd, 2048))\n" +" if chunk == b'':\n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"socket connection broken\")\n" +" chunks.append(chunk)\n" +" bytes_recd = bytes_recd + len(chunk)\n" +" return b''.join(chunks)" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:217 +msgid "" +"The sending code here is usable for almost any messaging scheme - in Python " +"you send strings, and you can use ``len()`` to determine its length (even if" +" it has embedded ``\\0`` characters). It's mostly the receiving code that " +"gets more complex. (And in C, it's not much worse, except you can't use " +"``strlen`` if the message has embedded ``\\0``\\ s.)" +msgstr "" +"发送分部代码几乎可用于任何消息传递方案 —— 在 Python 中你发送字符串，可以使用 ``len()`` 方法来确定它的长度（即使它嵌入了 " +"``\\0`` 字符），主要是接收代码变得更复杂。（在 C 语言中，并没有更糟糕，除非消息嵌入了 ``\\0`` 字符而且你又无法使用 " +"``strlen`` ）" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:223 +msgid "" +"The easiest enhancement is to make the first character of the message an " +"indicator of message type, and have the type determine the length. Now you " +"have two ``recv``\\ s - the first to get (at least) that first character so " +"you can look up the length, and the second in a loop to get the rest. If you" +" decide to go the delimited route, you'll be receiving in some arbitrary " +"chunk size, (4096 or 8192 is frequently a good match for network buffer " +"sizes), and scanning what you've received for a delimiter." +msgstr "" +"最简单的改进是让消息的第一个字符表示消息类型，由类型决定长度。现在你需要两次 ``recv``\\ - " +"第一次取（至少）第一个字符来知晓长度，第二次在循环中获取剩余所有的消息。如果你决定到分界线，你将收到一些任意大小的块，（4096 或者 8192 " +"通常是比较合适的网络缓冲区大小），扫描你接收到的分界符" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:231 +msgid "" +"One complication to be aware of: if your conversational protocol allows " +"multiple messages to be sent back to back (without some kind of reply), and " +"you pass ``recv`` an arbitrary chunk size, you may end up reading the start " +"of a following message. You'll need to put that aside and hold onto it, " +"until it's needed." +msgstr "" +"一个需要意识到的复杂情况是：如果你的会话协议允许多个消息被发送回来（没有响应），调用 ``recv`` " +"传入任意大小的块，你可能会因为读到后续接收的消息而停止读取。你需要将它放在一边并保存，直到它需要为止。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Prefixing the message with its length (say, as 5 numeric characters) gets " +"more complex, because (believe it or not), you may not get all 5 characters " +"in one ``recv``. In playing around, you'll get away with it; but in high " +"network loads, your code will very quickly break unless you use two ``recv``" +" loops - the first to determine the length, the second to get the data part " +"of the message. Nasty. This is also when you'll discover that ``send`` does " +"not always manage to get rid of everything in one pass. And despite having " +"read this, you will eventually get bit by it!" +msgstr "" +"以其长度（例如，作为5个数字字符）作为消息前缀时会变得更复杂，因为（信不信由你）你可能无法在一个 ``recv`` " +"中获得所有5个字符。在一般使用时，你会侥幸避免该状况；但是在高网络负载中，除非你使用两个 ``recv`` 循环，否则你的代码将很快中断 —— " +"第一个用于确定长度，第二个用于获取消息的数据部分。这很讨厌。当你发现 ``send`` 并不总是设法在支持搞定一切时，你也会有这种感觉。 " +"尽管已经阅读过这篇文章，但最终还是会有所了解！" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:246 +msgid "" +"In the interests of space, building your character, (and preserving my " +"competitive position), these enhancements are left as an exercise for the " +"reader. Lets move on to cleaning up." +msgstr "限于篇幅，建立你的角色，（保持与我的竞争位置），这些改进将留给读者做为练习。现在让我们继续。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:252 +msgid "Binary Data" +msgstr "二进制数据" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:254 +msgid "" +"It is perfectly possible to send binary data over a socket. The major " +"problem is that not all machines use the same formats for binary data. For " +"example, `network byte order " +"`_ is big-endian, with " +"the most significant byte first, so a 16 bit integer with the value ``1`` " +"would be the two hex bytes ``00 01``. However, most common processors " +"(x86/AMD64, ARM, RISC-V), are little-endian, with the least significant byte" +" first - that same ``1`` would be ``01 00``." +msgstr "" +"通过套接字发送二进制数据是完全可能的。主要问题是，并非所有机器都使用相同的二进制数据格式。例如，`网络字节顺序 " +"`_ 是大端序的，最大的字节在前，所以一个值为" +" ``1`` 的16位整数将是两个十六进制字节 ``00 01`` 。然而，大多数常见的处理器（ x86 / AMD64 " +"，ARM，RISC-V）是小端序的，最小的字节在前 -- 同样的 ``1`` 将是 ``01 00`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Socket libraries have calls for converting 16 and 32 bit integers - ``ntohl," +" htonl, ntohs, htons`` where \"n\" means *network* and \"h\" means *host*, " +"\"s\" means *short* and \"l\" means *long*. Where network order is host " +"order, these do nothing, but where the machine is byte-reversed, these swap " +"the bytes around appropriately." +msgstr "" +"Socket 库有转换 16 位和 32 位整数的调用 - ``ntohl, htonl, ntohs, htons`` ，其中 \"n\" 表示 " +"*网络* ， \"h\" 表示 *主机* ， \"s\" 表示 *short* ， \"l\" 表示 *long* " +"。当网络顺序与主机顺序相同时，这些调用不做任何事情，但当机器的字节序相反时，这些调用会适当地交换字节。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:268 +msgid "" +"In these days of 64-bit machines, the ASCII representation of binary data is" +" frequently smaller than the binary representation. That's because a " +"surprising amount of the time, most integers have the value 0, or maybe 1. " +"The string ``\"0\"`` would be two bytes, while a full 64-bit integer would " +"be 8. Of course, this doesn't fit well with fixed-length messages. " +"Decisions, decisions." +msgstr "" +"在现今的 64 位机器中，二进制数据的 ASCII 表示往往比二进制表示要小。这是因为在非常多的时候所大部分整数的值均为 0 或者 1。字符串形式的 " +"``\"0\"`` 为两个字节，而一个完整的 64 位整数将是八个。当然这不适用于固定长度的信息。自行决定，请自行决定。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:277 +msgid "Disconnecting" +msgstr "断开连接" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Strictly speaking, you're supposed to use ``shutdown`` on a socket before " +"you ``close`` it. The ``shutdown`` is an advisory to the socket at the " +"other end. Depending on the argument you pass it, it can mean \"I'm not " +"going to send anymore, but I'll still listen\", or \"I'm not listening, good" +" riddance!\". Most socket libraries, however, are so used to programmers " +"neglecting to use this piece of etiquette that normally a ``close`` is the " +"same as ``shutdown(); close()``. So in most situations, an explicit " +"``shutdown`` is not needed." +msgstr "" +"严格地讲，你应该在 ``close`` 它之前将套接字 ``shutdown`` 。 ``shutdown`` " +"是发送给套接字另一端的一种建议。调用时参数不同意义也不一样，它可能意味着「我不会再发送了，但我仍然会监听」，或者「我没有监听了，真棒！」。然而，大多数套接字库或者程序员都习惯了忽略使用这种礼节，因为通常情况下" +" ``close`` 与 ``shutdown(); close()`` 是一样的。所以在大多数情况下，不需要显式的 ``shutdown`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:287 +msgid "" +"One way to use ``shutdown`` effectively is in an HTTP-like exchange. The " +"client sends a request and then does a ``shutdown(1)``. This tells the " +"server \"This client is done sending, but can still receive.\" The server " +"can detect \"EOF\" by a receive of 0 bytes. It can assume it has the " +"complete request. The server sends a reply. If the ``send`` completes " +"successfully then, indeed, the client was still receiving." +msgstr "" +"高效使用 ``shutdown`` 的一种方法是在类似 HTTP 的交换中。客户端发送请求，然后执行 ``shutdown(1)`` 。 " +"这告诉服务器“此客户端已完成发送，但仍可以接收”。服务器可以通过接收 0 字节来检测 “EOF” 。它可以假设它有完整的请求。服务器发送回复。如果 " +"``send`` 成功完成，那么客户端仍在接收。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:294 +msgid "" +"Python takes the automatic shutdown a step further, and says that when a " +"socket is garbage collected, it will automatically do a ``close`` if it's " +"needed. But relying on this is a very bad habit. If your socket just " +"disappears without doing a ``close``, the socket at the other end may hang " +"indefinitely, thinking you're just being slow. *Please* ``close`` your " +"sockets when you're done." +msgstr "" +"Python 进一步自动关闭，并说当一个套接字被垃圾收集时，如果需要它会自动执行 ``close`` " +"。但依靠这个机制是一个非常坏的习惯。如果你的套接字在没有 ``close`` " +"的情况下就消失了，那么另一端的套接字可能会无限期地挂起，以为你只是慢了一步。完成后 *请* ``close`` 你的套接字。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:302 +msgid "When Sockets Die" +msgstr "套接字何时销毁" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:304 +msgid "" +"Probably the worst thing about using blocking sockets is what happens when " +"the other side comes down hard (without doing a ``close``). Your socket is " +"likely to hang. TCP is a reliable protocol, and it will wait a long, long " +"time before giving up on a connection. If you're using threads, the entire " +"thread is essentially dead. There's not much you can do about it. As long as" +" you aren't doing something dumb, like holding a lock while doing a blocking" +" read, the thread isn't really consuming much in the way of resources. Do " +"*not* try to kill the thread - part of the reason that threads are more " +"efficient than processes is that they avoid the overhead associated with the" +" automatic recycling of resources. In other words, if you do manage to kill " +"the thread, your whole process is likely to be screwed up." +msgstr "" +"使用阻塞套接字最糟糕的事情可能就是当另一边下线时（没有 ``close`` ）会发生什么。你的套接字可能会挂起。 TCP " +"是一种可靠的协议，它会在放弃连接之前等待很长时间。如果你正在使用线程，那么整个线程基本上已经死了。你无能为力。只要你没有做一些愚蠢的事情，比如在进行阻塞读取时持有一个锁，那么线程并没有真正消耗掉资源。" +" *不要* 尝试杀死线程 —— 线程比进程更有效的部分原因是它们避免了与自动回收资源相关的开销。换句话说，如果你设法杀死线程，你的整个进程很可能被搞坏。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:318 +msgid "Non-blocking Sockets" +msgstr "非阻塞的套接字" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:320 +msgid "" +"If you've understood the preceding, you already know most of what you need " +"to know about the mechanics of using sockets. You'll still use the same " +"calls, in much the same ways. It's just that, if you do it right, your app " +"will be almost inside-out." +msgstr "" +"如果你已理解上述内容，那么你已经了解了使用套接字的机制所需了解的大部分内容。你仍将以相同的方式使用相同的函数调用。 " +"只是，如果你做得对，你的应用程序几乎是由内到外的。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:325 +msgid "" +"In Python, you use ``socket.setblocking(False)`` to make it non-blocking. In" +" C, it's more complex, (for one thing, you'll need to choose between the BSD" +" flavor ``O_NONBLOCK`` and the almost indistinguishable POSIX flavor " +"``O_NDELAY``, which is completely different from ``TCP_NODELAY``), but it's " +"the exact same idea. You do this after creating the socket, but before using" +" it. (Actually, if you're nuts, you can switch back and forth.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中是使用 ``socket.setblocking(False)`` 来设置非阻塞。 在 C 中的做法更为复杂（例如，你需要在 BSD" +" 风格的 ``O_NONBLOCK`` 和几乎无区别的 POSIX 风格的 ``O_NDELAY`` 之间作出选择，这与 ``TCP_NODELAY``" +" 完全不一样），但其思路实际上是相同的。 你要在创建套接字之后但在使用它之前执行此操作。 （实际上，如果你是疯子的话也可以反复进行切换。）" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:332 +msgid "" +"The major mechanical difference is that ``send``, ``recv``, ``connect`` and " +"``accept`` can return without having done anything. You have (of course) a " +"number of choices. You can check return code and error codes and generally " +"drive yourself crazy. If you don't believe me, try it sometime. Your app " +"will grow large, buggy and suck CPU. So let's skip the brain-dead solutions " +"and do it right." +msgstr "" +"主要的机制差异是 ``send`` 、 ``recv`` 、 ``connect`` 和 ``accept`` 可以在没有做任何事情的情况下返回。 " +"你（当然）有很多选择。你可以检查返回代码和错误代码，通常会让自己发疯。如果你不相信我，请尝试一下。你的应用程序将变得越来越大、越来越 Bug 、吸干 " +"CPU。因此，让我们跳过脑死亡的解决方案并做正确的事。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:339 +msgid "Use ``select``." +msgstr "使用 ``select`` 库" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:341 +msgid "" +"In C, coding ``select`` is fairly complex. In Python, it's a piece of cake, " +"but it's close enough to the C version that if you understand ``select`` in " +"Python, you'll have little trouble with it in C::" +msgstr "" +"在 C 中，编码 ``select`` 相当复杂。 在 Python 中，它是很简单，但它与 C 版本足够接近，如果你在 Python 中理解 " +"``select`` ，那么在 C 中你会几乎不会遇到麻烦::" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:345 +msgid "" +"ready_to_read, ready_to_write, in_error = \\\n" +" select.select(\n" +" potential_readers,\n" +" potential_writers,\n" +" potential_errs,\n" +" timeout)" +msgstr "" +"ready_to_read, ready_to_write, in_error = \\\n" +" select.select(\n" +" potential_readers,\n" +" potential_writers,\n" +" potential_errs,\n" +" timeout)" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:352 +msgid "" +"You pass ``select`` three lists: the first contains all sockets that you " +"might want to try reading; the second all the sockets you might want to try " +"writing to, and the last (normally left empty) those that you want to check " +"for errors. You should note that a socket can go into more than one list. " +"The ``select`` call is blocking, but you can give it a timeout. This is " +"generally a sensible thing to do - give it a nice long timeout (say a " +"minute) unless you have good reason to do otherwise." +msgstr "" +"你传递给 ``select`` " +"三个列表：第一个包含你可能想要尝试读取的所有套接字；第二个是你可能想要尝试写入的所有套接字，以及要检查错误的最后一个（通常为空）。你应该注意，套接字可以进入多个列表。" +" ``select`` 调用是阻塞的，但你可以给它一个超时。这通常是一件明智的事情 —— 给它一个很长的超时（比如一分钟），除非你有充分的理由不这样做。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:360 +msgid "" +"In return, you will get three lists. They contain the sockets that are " +"actually readable, writable and in error. Each of these lists is a subset " +"(possibly empty) of the corresponding list you passed in." +msgstr "作为返回，你将获得三个列表。它们包含实际可读、可写和有错误的套接字。 这些列表中的每一个都是你传入的相应列表的子集（可能为空）。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:364 +msgid "" +"If a socket is in the output readable list, you can be as-close-to-certain-" +"as-we-ever-get-in-this-business that a ``recv`` on that socket will return " +"*something*. Same idea for the writable list. You'll be able to send " +"*something*. Maybe not all you want to, but *something* is better than " +"nothing. (Actually, any reasonably healthy socket will return as writable -" +" it just means outbound network buffer space is available.)" +msgstr "" +"如果一个套接字在输出可读列表中，那么你可以像我们一样接近这个业务，那个套接字上的 ``recv`` 将返回 *一些内容* " +"。可写列表的也相同，你将能够发送 *一些内容* 。 也许不是你想要的全部，但 *有些东西* 比没有东西更好。 " +"（实际上，任何合理健康的套接字都将以可写方式返回 —— 它只是意味着出站网络缓冲区空间可用。）" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:371 +msgid "" +"If you have a \"server\" socket, put it in the potential_readers list. If it" +" comes out in the readable list, your ``accept`` will (almost certainly) " +"work. If you have created a new socket to ``connect`` to someone else, put " +"it in the potential_writers list. If it shows up in the writable list, you " +"have a decent chance that it has connected." +msgstr "" +"如果你有一个“服务器”套接字，请将其放在 potential_readers 列表中。如果它出现在可读列表中，那么你的 ``accept`` " +"（几乎肯定）会起作用。如果你已经创建了一个新的套接字 ``connect`` 其他人，请将它放在 potential_writers " +"列表中。如果它出现在可写列表中，那么它有可能已连接。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Actually, ``select`` can be handy even with blocking sockets. It's one way " +"of determining whether you will block - the socket returns as readable when " +"there's something in the buffers. However, this still doesn't help with the" +" problem of determining whether the other end is done, or just busy with " +"something else." +msgstr "" +"实际上，即使使用阻塞套接字， ``select`` 也很方便。这是确定是否阻塞的一种方法 —— " +"当缓冲区中存在某些内容时，套接字返回为可读。然而，这仍然无助于确定另一端是否完成或者只是忙于其他事情的问题。" + +#: ../../howto/sockets.rst:382 +msgid "" +"**Portability alert**: On Unix, ``select`` works both with the sockets and " +"files. Don't try this on Windows. On Windows, ``select`` works with sockets " +"only. Also note that in C, many of the more advanced socket options are done" +" differently on Windows. In fact, on Windows I usually use threads (which " +"work very, very well) with my sockets." +msgstr "" +"**可移植性警告** ：在 Unix 上， ``select`` 适用于套接字和文件。 不要在 Windows 上尝试。在 Windows 上， " +"``select`` 仅适用于套接字。另请注意，在 C 中，许多更高级的套接字选项在 Windows 上的执行方式不同。事实上，在 Windows " +"上我通常在使用我的套接字使用线程（非常非常好）。" diff --git a/howto/sorting.po b/howto/sorting.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..502498306 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/sorting.po @@ -0,0 +1,671 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# LeeWendao , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-10 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: LeeWendao , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:4 +msgid "Sorting Techniques" +msgstr "排序的技术" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:6 +msgid "Andrew Dalke and Raymond Hettinger" +msgstr "Andrew Dalke 与 Raymond Hettinger" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Python lists have a built-in :meth:`list.sort` method that modifies the list" +" in-place. There is also a :func:`sorted` built-in function that builds a " +"new sorted list from an iterable." +msgstr "内置列表方法 :meth:`list.sort` 原地修改列表，而内置函数 :func:`sorted` 由可迭代对象新建有序列表。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:13 +msgid "" +"In this document, we explore the various techniques for sorting data using " +"Python." +msgstr "在本文档中，我们将探索使用 Python 对数据进行排序的各种技术。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:17 +msgid "Sorting Basics" +msgstr "排序的基础知识" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:19 +msgid "" +"A simple ascending sort is very easy: just call the :func:`sorted` function." +" It returns a new sorted list:" +msgstr "普通的升序排序非常容易：只需调用 :func:`sorted` 函数。它返回新有序列表：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:22 +msgid "" +">>> sorted([5, 2, 3, 1, 4])\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]" +msgstr "" +">>> sorted([5, 2, 3, 1, 4])\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:27 +msgid "" +"You can also use the :meth:`list.sort` method. It modifies the list in-place" +" (and returns ``None`` to avoid confusion). Usually it's less convenient " +"than :func:`sorted` - but if you don't need the original list, it's slightly" +" more efficient." +msgstr "" +"亦可用 :meth:`list.sort` 方法。它原地修改原列表（并返回 ``None`` 以避免混淆）。往往不如 :func:`sorted` " +"方便——但若不需原列表，用它会略高效些。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:32 +msgid "" +">>> a = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4]\n" +">>> a.sort()\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]" +msgstr "" +">>> a = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4]\n" +">>> a.sort()\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Another difference is that the :meth:`list.sort` method is only defined for " +"lists. In contrast, the :func:`sorted` function accepts any iterable." +msgstr "另一个区别是 :meth:`list.sort` 方法只为列表定义，而 :func:`sorted` 函数接受任何可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:42 +msgid "" +">>> sorted({1: 'D', 2: 'B', 3: 'B', 4: 'E', 5: 'A'})\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]" +msgstr "" +">>> sorted({1: 'D', 2: 'B', 3: 'B', 4: 'E', 5: 'A'})\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:48 +msgid "Key Functions" +msgstr "键函数" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Both :meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` have a *key* parameter to specify " +"a function (or other callable) to be called on each list element prior to " +"making comparisons." +msgstr "" +":meth:`list.sort` 和 :func:`sorted` 皆有 *key* " +"形参用以指定在比较前要对每个列表元素调用的函数（或其它可调用对象）。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:54 +msgid "For example, here's a case-insensitive string comparison:" +msgstr "例如，这是个不区分大小写的字符串比较：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:56 +msgid "" +">>> sorted(\"This is a test string from Andrew\".split(), key=str.casefold)\n" +"['a', 'Andrew', 'from', 'is', 'string', 'test', 'This']" +msgstr "" +">>> sorted(\"This is a test string from Andrew\".split(), key=str.casefold)\n" +"['a', 'Andrew', 'from', 'is', 'string', 'test', 'This']" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:61 +msgid "" +"The value of the *key* parameter should be a function (or other callable) " +"that takes a single argument and returns a key to use for sorting purposes. " +"This technique is fast because the key function is called exactly once for " +"each input record." +msgstr "*key* 形参的值需为一元函数（或其它可调用对象），其返回值用于排序。这很快，因为键函数只需在输入的每个记录上调用恰好一次。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:66 +msgid "" +"A common pattern is to sort complex objects using some of the object's " +"indices as keys. For example:" +msgstr "常见的模式是用对象的某一些索引作为键对复杂对象排序。例如：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:69 +msgid "" +">>> student_tuples = [\n" +"... ('john', 'A', 15),\n" +"... ('jane', 'B', 12),\n" +"... ('dave', 'B', 10),\n" +"... ]\n" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=lambda student: student[2]) # sort by age\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" +msgstr "" +">>> student_tuples = [\n" +"... ('john', 'A', 15),\n" +"... ('jane', 'B', 12),\n" +"... ('dave', 'B', 10),\n" +"... ]\n" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=lambda student: student[2]) # 按年龄排序\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:79 +msgid "" +"The same technique works for objects with named attributes. For example:" +msgstr "同样的方法对于有具名属性的对象也适用。例如：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:81 +msgid "" +">>> class Student:\n" +"... def __init__(self, name, grade, age):\n" +"... self.name = name\n" +"... self.grade = grade\n" +"... self.age = age\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return repr((self.name, self.grade, self.age))\n" +"\n" +">>> student_objects = [\n" +"... Student('john', 'A', 15),\n" +"... Student('jane', 'B', 12),\n" +"... Student('dave', 'B', 10),\n" +"... ]\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=lambda student: student.age) # sort by age\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" +msgstr "" +">>> class Student:\n" +"... def __init__(self, name, grade, age):\n" +"... self.name = name\n" +"... self.grade = grade\n" +"... self.age = age\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return repr((self.name, self.grade, self.age))\n" +"\n" +">>> student_objects = [\n" +"... Student('john', 'A', 15),\n" +"... Student('jane', 'B', 12),\n" +"... Student('dave', 'B', 10),\n" +"... ]\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=lambda student: student.age) # 按年龄排序\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Objects with named attributes can be made by a regular class as shown above," +" or they can be instances of :class:`~dataclasses.dataclass` or a " +":term:`named tuple`." +msgstr "" +"有具名属性的对象可像上面这样用一个常规的类来创建，亦可是 :class:`~dataclasses.dataclass` 实例或 " +":term:`named tuple`。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:104 +msgid "Operator Module Functions and Partial Function Evaluation" +msgstr "运算符模块的函数与函数的偏求值" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:106 +msgid "" +"The :term:`key function` patterns shown above are very common, so Python " +"provides convenience functions to make accessor functions easier and faster." +" The :mod:`operator` module has :func:`~operator.itemgetter`, " +":func:`~operator.attrgetter`, and a :func:`~operator.methodcaller` function." +msgstr "" +"上述 :term:`key function` 模式相当常见，为了让访问器函数更加好写好用，Python " +"提供了一些便捷函数。:mod:`operator` 模块里有 " +":func:`~operator.itemgetter`、:func:`~operator.attrgetter` 和 " +":func:`~operator.methodcaller` 函数。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:111 +msgid "Using those functions, the above examples become simpler and faster:" +msgstr "用了那些函数之后，前面的示例变得更简单，运行起来也更快：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:113 +msgid "" +">>> from operator import itemgetter, attrgetter\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(2))\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age'))\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" +msgstr "" +">>> from operator import itemgetter, attrgetter\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(2))\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age'))\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The operator module functions allow multiple levels of sorting. For example," +" to sort by *grade* then by *age*:" +msgstr "运算符模块的函数可以用来作多级排序。例如，按 *grade* 排序，然后按 *age* 排序：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:126 +msgid "" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(1,2))\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12)]\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('grade', 'age'))\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12)]" +msgstr "" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(1,2))\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12)]\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('grade', 'age'))\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:134 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`functools` module provides another helpful tool for making key-" +"functions. The :func:`~functools.partial` function can reduce the `arity " +"`_ of a multi-argument function making " +"it suitable for use as a key-function." +msgstr "" +"另一个有助于创建键函数的工具位于 :mod:`functools` 模块。:func:`~functools.partial` 函数可以降低多元函数的 " +"`元数 `_ 使之适合做键函数。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:139 +msgid "" +">>> from functools import partial\n" +">>> from unicodedata import normalize\n" +"\n" +">>> names = 'Zoë Åbjørn Núñez Élana Zeke Abe Nubia Eloise'.split()\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(names, key=partial(normalize, 'NFD'))\n" +"['Abe', 'Åbjørn', 'Eloise', 'Élana', 'Nubia', 'Núñez', 'Zeke', 'Zoë']\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(names, key=partial(normalize, 'NFC'))\n" +"['Abe', 'Eloise', 'Nubia', 'Núñez', 'Zeke', 'Zoë', 'Åbjørn', 'Élana']" +msgstr "" +">>> from functools import partial\n" +">>> from unicodedata import normalize\n" +"\n" +">>> names = 'Zoë Åbjørn Núñez Élana Zeke Abe Nubia Eloise'.split()\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(names, key=partial(normalize, 'NFD'))\n" +"['Abe', 'Åbjørn', 'Eloise', 'Élana', 'Nubia', 'Núñez', 'Zeke', 'Zoë']\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(names, key=partial(normalize, 'NFC'))\n" +"['Abe', 'Eloise', 'Nubia', 'Núñez', 'Zeke', 'Zoë', 'Åbjørn', 'Élana']" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:153 +msgid "Ascending and Descending" +msgstr "升序与降序" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Both :meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` accept a *reverse* parameter with " +"a boolean value. This is used to flag descending sorts. For example, to get " +"the student data in reverse *age* order:" +msgstr "" +":meth:`list.sort` 和 :func:`sorted` 接受布尔形参 *reverse* 用于标记降序排序。例如，将学生数据按 *age*" +" 倒序排序：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:159 +msgid "" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(2), reverse=True)\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age'), reverse=True)\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]" +msgstr "" +">>> sorted(student_tuples, key=itemgetter(2), reverse=True)\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]\n" +"\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age'), reverse=True)\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:168 +msgid "Sort Stability and Complex Sorts" +msgstr "排序稳定性与复杂排序" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Sorts are guaranteed to be `stable " +"`_\\. That means " +"that when multiple records have the same key, their original order is " +"preserved." +msgstr "" +"排序保证 `稳定 " +"`_：等键记录保持原始顺序。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:174 +msgid "" +">>> data = [('red', 1), ('blue', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 2)]\n" +">>> sorted(data, key=itemgetter(0))\n" +"[('blue', 1), ('blue', 2), ('red', 1), ('red', 2)]" +msgstr "" +">>> data = [('red', 1), ('blue', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 2)]\n" +">>> sorted(data, key=itemgetter(0))\n" +"[('blue', 1), ('blue', 2), ('red', 1), ('red', 2)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Notice how the two records for *blue* retain their original order so that " +"``('blue', 1)`` is guaranteed to precede ``('blue', 2)``." +msgstr "注意 *blue* 的两个记录是如何保序的：``('blue', 1)`` 保证先于 ``('blue', 2)``。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:183 +msgid "" +"This wonderful property lets you build complex sorts in a series of sorting " +"steps. For example, to sort the student data by descending *grade* and then " +"ascending *age*, do the *age* sort first and then sort again using *grade*:" +msgstr "" +"这个了不起的特性使得借助一系列排序步骤构建出复杂排序成为可能。例如，要按 *grade* 降序后 *age* 升序排序学生数据，只需先用 *age* " +"排序再用 *grade* 排序即可：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:187 +msgid "" +">>> s = sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age')) # sort on secondary key\n" +">>> sorted(s, key=attrgetter('grade'), reverse=True) # now sort on primary key, descending\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" +msgstr "" +">>> s = sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age')) # 根据次要键（年龄）排序\n" +">>> sorted(s, key=attrgetter('grade'), reverse=True) # 现在根据主要键（成绩）降序排序\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:193 +msgid "" +"This can be abstracted out into a wrapper function that can take a list and " +"tuples of field and order to sort them on multiple passes." +msgstr "可抽象为包装函数，依据接收的一些字段序的元组对接收的列表做多趟排序。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:196 +msgid "" +">>> def multisort(xs, specs):\n" +"... for key, reverse in reversed(specs):\n" +"... xs.sort(key=attrgetter(key), reverse=reverse)\n" +"... return xs\n" +"\n" +">>> multisort(list(student_objects), (('grade', True), ('age', False)))\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" +msgstr "" +">>> def multisort(xs, specs):\n" +"... for key, reverse in reversed(specs):\n" +"... xs.sort(key=attrgetter(key), reverse=reverse)\n" +"... return xs\n" +"\n" +">>> multisort(list(student_objects), (('grade', True), ('age', False)))\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:206 +msgid "" +"The `Timsort `_ algorithm used in " +"Python does multiple sorts efficiently because it can take advantage of any " +"ordering already present in a dataset." +msgstr "" +"Python 中曾用的 `Timsort `_ " +"算法借助数据集中任何已有的有序性来高效进行多种排序。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:211 +msgid "Decorate-Sort-Undecorate" +msgstr "装饰-排序-去装饰" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:213 +msgid "This idiom is called Decorate-Sort-Undecorate after its three steps:" +msgstr "装饰-排序-去装饰 (Decorate-Sort-Undecorate) 得名于它的三个步骤：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:215 +msgid "" +"First, the initial list is decorated with new values that control the sort " +"order." +msgstr "首先，用控制排序顺序的新值装饰初始列表。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:217 +msgid "Second, the decorated list is sorted." +msgstr "其次，排序装饰后的列表。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Finally, the decorations are removed, creating a list that contains only the" +" initial values in the new order." +msgstr "最后，去除装饰即得按新顺序排列的初始值的列表。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:222 +msgid "" +"For example, to sort the student data by *grade* using the DSU approach:" +msgstr "例如，用 DSU 方法按 *grade* 排序学生数据：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:224 +msgid "" +">>> decorated = [(student.grade, i, student) for i, student in enumerate(student_objects)]\n" +">>> decorated.sort()\n" +">>> [student for grade, i, student in decorated] # undecorate\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]" +msgstr "" +">>> decorated = [(student.grade, i, student) for i, student in enumerate(student_objects)]\n" +">>> decorated.sort()\n" +">>> [student for grade, i, student in decorated] # 取消装饰\n" +"[('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:231 +msgid "" +"This idiom works because tuples are compared lexicographically; the first " +"items are compared; if they are the same then the second items are compared," +" and so on." +msgstr "这方法语有效是因为元组按字典顺序进行比较，先比较第一项；如果它们相同则比较第二个项目，依此类推。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:235 +msgid "" +"It is not strictly necessary in all cases to include the index *i* in the " +"decorated list, but including it gives two benefits:" +msgstr "不一定在所有情况下都要在装饰列表中包含索引 *i* ，但包含它有两个好处：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:238 +msgid "" +"The sort is stable -- if two items have the same key, their order will be " +"preserved in the sorted list." +msgstr "排序是稳定的——如果两个项具有相同的键，它们的顺序将保留在排序列表中。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:241 +msgid "" +"The original items do not have to be comparable because the ordering of the " +"decorated tuples will be determined by at most the first two items. So for " +"example the original list could contain complex numbers which cannot be " +"sorted directly." +msgstr "原始项目不必具有可比性，因为装饰元组的排序最多由前两项决定。 因此，例如原始列表可能包含无法直接排序的复数。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:246 +msgid "" +"Another name for this idiom is `Schwartzian transform " +"`_\\, after Randal L. " +"Schwartz, who popularized it among Perl programmers." +msgstr "" +"这个方法的另一个名字是 Randal L. Schwartz 在 Perl 程序员中推广的 `Schwartzian transform " +"`_\\ 。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Now that Python sorting provides key-functions, this technique is not often " +"needed." +msgstr "既然 Python 排序提供了键函数，那么通常不需要这种技术。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:253 +msgid "Comparison Functions" +msgstr "比较函数" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Unlike key functions that return an absolute value for sorting, a comparison" +" function computes the relative ordering for two inputs." +msgstr "与返回一个用于排序的绝对值的键函数不同，比较函数是计算两个输入的相对排序。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:258 +msgid "" +"For example, a `balance scale " +"`_" +" compares two samples giving a relative ordering: lighter, equal, or " +"heavier. Likewise, a comparison function such as ``cmp(a, b)`` will return a" +" negative value for less-than, zero if the inputs are equal, or a positive " +"value for greater-than." +msgstr "" +"例如，一个 `天平 " +"`_" +" 会比较两个样本并给出一个相对排序：较轻、相等或较重。 类似地，一个比较函数如 ``cmp(a, b)`` " +"将返回一个负值表示小于，零表示相等，或是一个正值表示大于。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:265 +msgid "" +"It is common to encounter comparison functions when translating algorithms " +"from other languages. Also, some libraries provide comparison functions as " +"part of their API. For example, :func:`locale.strcoll` is a comparison " +"function." +msgstr "" +"当从其他语言转写算法时经常会遇到比较函数。 此外，某些库也提供了比较函数作为其 API 的组成部分。 例如，:func:`locale.strcoll`" +" 就是一个比较函数。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:269 +msgid "" +"To accommodate those situations, Python provides " +":class:`functools.cmp_to_key` to wrap the comparison function to make it " +"usable as a key function::" +msgstr "" +"为了适应这些情况，Python 提供了 :class:`functools.cmp_to_key` 用来包装比较函数使其可以作为键函数来使用::" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:273 +msgid "sorted(words, key=cmp_to_key(strcoll)) # locale-aware sort order" +msgstr "sorted(words, key=cmp_to_key(strcoll)) # 基于地区的排序规则" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:276 +msgid "Odds and Ends" +msgstr "杂项说明" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:278 +msgid "" +"For locale aware sorting, use :func:`locale.strxfrm` for a key function or " +":func:`locale.strcoll` for a comparison function. This is necessary because" +" \"alphabetical\" sort orderings can vary across cultures even if the " +"underlying alphabet is the same." +msgstr "" +"对于可感知语言区域的排序，请使用 :func:`locale.strxfrm` 作为键函数或使用 :func:`locale.strcoll` " +"作为比较函数。 因为在不同语言中即便字母表相同“字母”排列顺序也可能不同所以这样做是必要的。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:283 +msgid "" +"The *reverse* parameter still maintains sort stability (so that records with" +" equal keys retain the original order). Interestingly, that effect can be " +"simulated without the parameter by using the builtin :func:`reversed` " +"function twice:" +msgstr "" +"*reverse* 参数仍然保持排序稳定性（因此具有相等键的记录保留原始顺序）。 有趣的是，通过使用内置的 :func:`reversed` " +"函数两次，可以在没有参数的情况下模拟该效果：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:288 +msgid "" +">>> data = [('red', 1), ('blue', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 2)]\n" +">>> standard_way = sorted(data, key=itemgetter(0), reverse=True)\n" +">>> double_reversed = list(reversed(sorted(reversed(data), key=itemgetter(0))))\n" +">>> assert standard_way == double_reversed\n" +">>> standard_way\n" +"[('red', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 1), ('blue', 2)]" +msgstr "" +">>> data = [('red', 1), ('blue', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 2)]\n" +">>> standard_way = sorted(data, key=itemgetter(0), reverse=True)\n" +">>> double_reversed = list(reversed(sorted(reversed(data), key=itemgetter(0))))\n" +">>> assert standard_way == double_reversed\n" +">>> standard_way\n" +"[('red', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 1), ('blue', 2)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:297 +msgid "" +"The sort routines use ``<`` when making comparisons between two objects. So," +" it is easy to add a standard sort order to a class by defining an " +":meth:`~object.__lt__` method:" +msgstr "" +"排序例程在两个对象之间进行比较时使用 ``<``。 因此，通过定义一个 :meth:`~object.__lt__` " +"方法，就可以轻松地为类添加标准排序顺序:" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:301 +msgid "" +">>> Student.__lt__ = lambda self, other: self.age < other.age\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects)\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" +msgstr "" +">>> Student.__lt__ = lambda self, other: self.age < other.age\n" +">>> sorted(student_objects)\n" +"[('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:307 +msgid "" +"However, note that ``<`` can fall back to using :meth:`~object.__gt__` if " +":meth:`~object.__lt__` is not implemented (see :func:`object.__lt__` for " +"details on the mechanics). To avoid surprises, :pep:`8` recommends that all" +" six comparison methods be implemented. The " +":func:`~functools.total_ordering` decorator is provided to make that task " +"easier." +msgstr "" +"不过，请注意 ``<`` 在 :meth:`~object.__lt__` 未被实现时可以回退为使用 :meth:`~object.__gt__` " +"(请参阅 :func:`object.__lt__` 了解相关机制的细节)。 为避免意外，:pep:`8` 建议实现所有的六个比较方法。 " +":func:`~functools.total_ordering` 装饰器被提供用来令此任务更为容易。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Key functions need not depend directly on the objects being sorted. A key " +"function can also access external resources. For instance, if the student " +"grades are stored in a dictionary, they can be used to sort a separate list " +"of student names:" +msgstr "键函数不需要直接依赖于被排序的对象。键函数还可以访问外部资源。例如，如果学生成绩存储在字典中，则可以使用它们对单独的学生姓名列表进行排序：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:319 +msgid "" +">>> students = ['dave', 'john', 'jane']\n" +">>> newgrades = {'john': 'F', 'jane':'A', 'dave': 'C'}\n" +">>> sorted(students, key=newgrades.__getitem__)\n" +"['jane', 'dave', 'john']" +msgstr "" +">>> students = ['dave', 'john', 'jane']\n" +">>> newgrades = {'john': 'F', 'jane':'A', 'dave': 'C'}\n" +">>> sorted(students, key=newgrades.__getitem__)\n" +"['jane', 'dave', 'john']" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:327 +msgid "Partial Sorts" +msgstr "部分排序" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Some applications require only some of the data to be ordered. The standard" +" library provides several tools that do less work than a full sort:" +msgstr "有些应用程序只需要对部分数据进行排序。 标准库提供了几种工具可以执行比完整排序更轻量的任务：" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:332 +msgid "" +":func:`min` and :func:`max` return the smallest and largest values, " +"respectively. These functions make a single pass over the input data and " +"require almost no auxiliary memory." +msgstr ":func:`min` 和 :func:`max` 可分别返回最小和最大值。 这两个函数只需逐一检查输入数据而几乎不需要任何额外的内存。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:336 +msgid "" +":func:`heapq.nsmallest` and :func:`heapq.nlargest` return the *n* smallest " +"and largest values, respectively. These functions make a single pass over " +"the data keeping only *n* elements in memory at a time. For values of *n* " +"that are small relative to the number of inputs, these functions make far " +"fewer comparisons than a full sort." +msgstr "" +":func:`heapq.nsmallest` 和 :func:`heapq.nlargest` 可分别返回 *n* 个最小和最大的值。 " +"这两个函数每次只需逐一检查数据并仅需在内存中保留 *n* 个元素。 对于相对于输入总数来说较小的 *n* 值来说，这两个函数将进行远少于完整排序的比较。" + +#: ../../howto/sorting.rst:342 +msgid "" +":func:`heapq.heappush` and :func:`heapq.heappop` create and maintain a " +"partially sorted arrangement of data that keeps the smallest element at " +"position ``0``. These functions are suitable for implementing priority " +"queues which are commonly used for task scheduling." +msgstr "" +":func:`heapq.heappush` 和 :func:`heapq.heappop` 会创建并维护一组部分排序的数据其中最小的元素将处在 " +"``0`` 位置上。 这两个函数很适合实现常用于任务调度的优先级队列。" diff --git a/howto/timerfd.po b/howto/timerfd.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25c1c715c --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/timerfd.po @@ -0,0 +1,472 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Xu Siyuan, 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-05-11 01:08+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:5 +msgid "timer file descriptor HOWTO" +msgstr "定时器文件描述符指南" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:0 +msgid "Release" +msgstr "发布版本" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:7 +msgid "1.13" +msgstr "1.13" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This HOWTO discusses Python's support for the linux timer file descriptor." +msgstr "本指南讨论了 Python 对 linux 定时器文件描述符的支持。" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:13 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The following example shows how to use a timer file descriptor to execute a " +"function twice a second:" +msgstr "下面的例子演示了如何使用定时器文件描述符每秒钟执行两次某个函数：" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:18 +msgid "" +"# Practical scripts should use really use a non-blocking timer,\n" +"# we use a blocking timer here for simplicity.\n" +"import os, time\n" +"\n" +"# Create the timer file descriptor\n" +"fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME)\n" +"\n" +"# Start the timer in 1 second, with an interval of half a second\n" +"os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=1, interval=0.5)\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" # Process timer events four times.\n" +" for _ in range(4):\n" +" # read() will block until the timer expires\n" +" _ = os.read(fd, 8)\n" +" print(\"Timer expired\")\n" +"finally:\n" +" # Remember to close the timer file descriptor!\n" +" os.close(fd)" +msgstr "" +"# 真正实用的脚本应当使用非阻塞型定时器，\n" +"# 这里我们使用阻塞型定时器是出于简单化考虑。\n" +"import os, time\n" +"\n" +"# 创建定时器文件描述符\n" +"fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME)\n" +"\n" +"# 在 1 秒种时启动定时器，间隔时间为半秒\n" +"os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=1, interval=0.5)\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" # 处理定时器事件四次。\n" +" for _ in range(4):\n" +" # read() 将会阻塞直到定时器过期\n" +" _ = os.read(fd, 8)\n" +" print(\"Timer expired\")\n" +"finally:\n" +" # 记住要关闭定时器文件描述符！\n" +" os.close(fd)" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:40 +msgid "" +"To avoid the precision loss caused by the :class:`float` type, timer file " +"descriptors allow specifying initial expiration and interval in integer " +"nanoseconds with ``_ns`` variants of the functions." +msgstr "" +"为避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失，定时器文件描述符允许使用这些函数的 ``_ns`` " +"变种形式以整数纳秒值指定初始到期时间和间隔。" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:44 +msgid "" +"This example shows how :func:`~select.epoll` can be used with timer file " +"descriptors to wait until the file descriptor is ready for reading:" +msgstr "这个例子演示了如何使用 :func:`~select.epoll` 配合定时器文件描述符来执行等待直到文件描述符准备好读取：" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:47 +msgid "" +"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n" +"\n" +"# Create an epoll object\n" +"ep = select.epoll()\n" +"\n" +"# In this example, use loopback address to send \"stop\" command to the server.\n" +"#\n" +"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n" +"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n" +"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n" +"# Escape character is '^]'.\n" +"# stop\n" +"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n" +"#\n" +"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n" +"sock.setblocking(False)\n" +"sock.listen(1)\n" +"ep.register(sock, select.EPOLLIN)\n" +"\n" +"# Create timer file descriptors in non-blocking mode.\n" +"num = 3\n" +"fds = []\n" +"for _ in range(num):\n" +" fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n" +" fds.append(fd)\n" +" # Register the timer file descriptor for read events\n" +" ep.register(fd, select.EPOLLIN)\n" +"\n" +"# Start the timer with os.timerfd_settime_ns() in nanoseconds.\n" +"# Timer 1 fires every 0.25 seconds; timer 2 every 0.5 seconds; etc\n" +"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n" +" one_sec_in_nsec = 10**9\n" +" i = i * one_sec_in_nsec\n" +" os.timerfd_settime_ns(fd, initial=i//4, interval=i//4)\n" +"\n" +"timeout = 3\n" +"try:\n" +" conn = None\n" +" is_active = True\n" +" while is_active:\n" +" # Wait for the timer to expire for 3 seconds.\n" +" # epoll.poll() returns a list of (fd, event) pairs.\n" +" # fd is a file descriptor.\n" +" # sock and conn[=returned value of socket.accept()] are socket objects, not file descriptors.\n" +" # So use sock.fileno() and conn.fileno() to get the file descriptors.\n" +" events = ep.poll(timeout)\n" +"\n" +" # If more than one timer file descriptors are ready for reading at once,\n" +" # epoll.poll() returns a list of (fd, event) pairs.\n" +" #\n" +" # In this example settings,\n" +" # 1st timer fires every 0.25 seconds in 0.25 seconds. (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, ...)\n" +" # 2nd timer every 0.5 seconds in 0.5 seconds. (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, ...)\n" +" # 3rd timer every 0.75 seconds in 0.75 seconds. (0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, ...)\n" +" #\n" +" # In 0.25 seconds, only 1st timer fires.\n" +" # In 0.5 seconds, 1st timer and 2nd timer fires at once.\n" +" # In 0.75 seconds, 1st timer and 3rd timer fires at once.\n" +" # In 1.5 seconds, 1st timer, 2nd timer and 3rd timer fires at once.\n" +" #\n" +" # If a timer file descriptor is signaled more than once since\n" +" # the last os.read() call, os.read() returns the number of signaled\n" +" # as host order of class bytes.\n" +" print(f\"Signaled events={events}\")\n" +" for fd, event in events:\n" +" if event & select.EPOLLIN:\n" +" if fd == sock.fileno():\n" +" # Check if there is a connection request.\n" +" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n" +" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n" +" conn.setblocking(False)\n" +" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n" +" ep.register(conn, select.EPOLLIN)\n" +" elif conn and fd == conn.fileno():\n" +" # Check if there is data to read.\n" +" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if data:\n" +" # You should catch UnicodeDecodeError exception for safety.\n" +" cmd = data.decode()\n" +" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n" +" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n" +" is_active = False\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n" +" else:\n" +" # No more data, close connection\n" +" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n" +" ep.unregister(conn)\n" +" conn.close()\n" +" conn = None\n" +" elif fd in fds:\n" +" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n" +" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys.byteorder)\n" +" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} times\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n" +"finally:\n" +" for fd in fds:\n" +" ep.unregister(fd)\n" +" os.close(fd)\n" +" ep.close()" +msgstr "" +"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个轮询对象\n" +"ep = select.epoll()\n" +"\n" +"# 在本例中，使用回环地址向服务器发送 \"stop\" 命令。\n" +"#\n" +"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n" +"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n" +"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n" +"# Escape character is '^]'.\n" +"# stop\n" +"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n" +"#\n" +"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n" +"sock.setblocking(False)\n" +"sock.listen(1)\n" +"ep.register(sock, select.EPOLLIN)\n" +"\n" +"# 以非阻塞模式创建定时器文件描述符。\n" +"num = 3\n" +"fds = []\n" +"for _ in range(num):\n" +" fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n" +" fds.append(fd)\n" +" # 注册定时器文件描述符用于读取事件\n" +" ep.register(fd, select.EPOLLIN)\n" +"\n" +"# 以纳秒精度的 os.timerfd_settime_ns() 启动定时器。\n" +"# 定时器 1 间隔为 0.25 秒；定时器 2 间隔为 0.5 秒；依此类推\n" +"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n" +" one_sec_in_nsec = 10**9\n" +" i = i * one_sec_in_nsec\n" +" os.timerfd_settime_ns(fd, initial=i//4, interval=i//4)\n" +"\n" +"timeout = 3\n" +"try:\n" +" conn = None\n" +" is_active = True\n" +" while is_active:\n" +" # 等待定时器 3 秒到期。\n" +" # epoll.poll() 返回一个 (fd, event) 对的列表。\n" +" # fd 是一个文件描述符。\n" +" # sock 和 conn[=socket.accept() 的返回值] 是套接字对象，而不是文件描述符。\n" +" # 因此使用 sock.fileno() 和 conn.fileno() 来获取文件描述符。\n" +" events = ep.poll(timeout)\n" +"\n" +" # 如果同时有多个定时器文件描述符准备读取，\n" +" # epoll.poll() 将返回一个 (fd, event) 对的列表。\n" +" #\n" +" # 在本例的设置中，\n" +" # 第 1 个定时器在 0.25 秒后间隔 0.25 秒启动。 (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, ...)\n" +" # 第 2 个定时器在 0.5 秒后间隔 0.5 秒启动。 (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, ...)\n" +" # 第 3 个定时器在 0.75 秒后间隔 0.75 秒启动。 (0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, ...)\n" +" #\n" +" # 在 0.25 秒时，只有第 1 个定时器启动。\n" +" # 在 0.5 秒时，第 1 个定时器和第 2 个定时器同时启动。\n" +" # 在 0.75 秒时，第 1 个定时器和第 3 个定时器同时启动。\n" +" # 在 1.5 秒时，第 1 个定时器、第 2 个定时器和第 3 个定时器同时启动。\n" +" #\n" +" # 如果一个定时器文件描述符自上次 os.read() 调用后\n" +" # 多次发出信号，os.read() 将以主机的类字节顺序\n" +" # 返回发出信号的次数。\n" +" print(f\"Signaled events={events}\")\n" +" for fd, event in events:\n" +" if event & select.EPOLLIN:\n" +" if fd == sock.fileno():\n" +" # 检查是否有连接请求。\n" +" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n" +" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n" +" conn.setblocking(False)\n" +" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n" +" ep.register(conn, select.EPOLLIN)\n" +" elif conn and fd == conn.fileno():\n" +" # 检查是否有数据要读取。\n" +" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if data:\n" +" # 安全起见你应当捕获 UnicodeDecodeError 异常。\n" +" cmd = data.decode()\n" +" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n" +" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n" +" is_active = False\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n" +" else:\n" +" # 已无数据，关闭连接\n" +" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n" +" ep.unregister(conn)\n" +" conn.close()\n" +" conn = None\n" +" elif fd in fds:\n" +" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n" +" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys.byteorder)\n" +" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} times\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n" +"finally:\n" +" for fd in fds:\n" +" ep.unregister(fd)\n" +" os.close(fd)\n" +" ep.close()" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:153 +msgid "" +"This example shows how :func:`~select.select` can be used with timer file " +"descriptors to wait until the file descriptor is ready for reading:" +msgstr "这个例子演示了如何使用 :func:`~select.select` 配合定时器文件描述符来执行等待直接文件描述符准备好读取：" + +#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:156 +msgid "" +"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n" +"\n" +"# In this example, use loopback address to send \"stop\" command to the server.\n" +"#\n" +"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n" +"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n" +"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n" +"# Escape character is '^]'.\n" +"# stop\n" +"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n" +"#\n" +"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n" +"sock.setblocking(False)\n" +"sock.listen(1)\n" +"\n" +"# Create timer file descriptors in non-blocking mode.\n" +"num = 3\n" +"fds = [os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n" +" for _ in range(num)]\n" +"select_fds = fds + [sock]\n" +"\n" +"# Start the timers with os.timerfd_settime() in seconds.\n" +"# Timer 1 fires every 0.25 seconds; timer 2 every 0.5 seconds; etc\n" +"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n" +" os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=i/4, interval=i/4)\n" +"\n" +"timeout = 3\n" +"try:\n" +" conn = None\n" +" is_active = True\n" +" while is_active:\n" +" # Wait for the timer to expire for 3 seconds.\n" +" # select.select() returns a list of file descriptors or objects.\n" +" rfd, wfd, xfd = select.select(select_fds, select_fds, select_fds, timeout)\n" +" for fd in rfd:\n" +" if fd == sock:\n" +" # Check if there is a connection request.\n" +" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n" +" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n" +" conn.setblocking(False)\n" +" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n" +" select_fds.append(conn)\n" +" elif conn and fd == conn:\n" +" # Check if there is data to read.\n" +" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if data:\n" +" # You should catch UnicodeDecodeError exception for safety.\n" +" cmd = data.decode()\n" +" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n" +" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n" +" is_active = False\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n" +" else:\n" +" # No more data, close connection\n" +" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n" +" select_fds.remove(conn)\n" +" conn.close()\n" +" conn = None\n" +" elif fd in fds:\n" +" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n" +" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys.byteorder)\n" +" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} times\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n" +"finally:\n" +" for fd in fds:\n" +" os.close(fd)\n" +" sock.close()\n" +" sock = None" +msgstr "" +"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n" +"\n" +"# 在本例中，使用回环地址向服务器发送 \"stop\" 命令。\n" +"#\n" +"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n" +"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n" +"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n" +"# Escape character is '^]'.\n" +"# stop\n" +"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n" +"#\n" +"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n" +"sock.setblocking(False)\n" +"sock.listen(1)\n" +"\n" +"# 以非阻塞模式创建定时器文件描述符。\n" +"num = 3\n" +"fds = [os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n" +" for _ in range(num)]\n" +"select_fds = fds + [sock]\n" +"\n" +"# 使用 os.timerfd_settime() 启动指定秒数的定时器。\n" +"# 定时器 1 间隔为 0.25 秒；定时器 2 间隔为 0.5 秒；依此类推\n" +"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n" +" os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=i/4, interval=i/4)\n" +"\n" +"timeout = 3\n" +"try:\n" +" conn = None\n" +" is_active = True\n" +" while is_active:\n" +" # 等待定时器 3 秒到期。\n" +" # select.select() 返回一个文件描述符或对象的列表。\n" +" rfd, wfd, xfd = select.select(select_fds, select_fds, select_fds, timeout)\n" +" for fd in rfd:\n" +" if fd == sock:\n" +" # 检查是否有连接请求。\n" +" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n" +" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n" +" conn.setblocking(False)\n" +" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n" +" select_fds.append(conn)\n" +" elif conn and fd == conn:\n" +" # 检查中否有数据要读取。\n" +" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if data:\n" +" # 安全起见你应当捕获 UnicodeDecodeError 异常。\n" +" cmd = data.decode()\n" +" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n" +" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n" +" is_active = False\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n" +" else:\n" +" # 已无数据，关闭连接\n" +" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n" +" select_fds.remove(conn)\n" +" conn.close()\n" +" conn = None\n" +" elif fd in fds:\n" +" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n" +" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys.byteorder)\n" +" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} times\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n" +"finally:\n" +" for fd in fds:\n" +" os.close(fd)\n" +" sock.close()\n" +" sock = None" diff --git a/howto/unicode.po b/howto/unicode.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f22916c33 --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/unicode.po @@ -0,0 +1,1496 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Konge , 2021 +# allenjuly7 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# meowmeowcat , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:5 +msgid "Unicode HOWTO" +msgstr "Unicode 指南" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:0 +msgid "Release" +msgstr "发布版本" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:7 +msgid "1.12" +msgstr "1.12" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This HOWTO discusses Python's support for the Unicode specification for " +"representing textual data, and explains various problems that people " +"commonly encounter when trying to work with Unicode." +msgstr "本文介绍了 Python 对表示文本数据的 Unicode 规范的支持，并对各种 Unicode 常见使用问题做了解释。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:15 +msgid "Introduction to Unicode" +msgstr "Unicode 概述" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:18 +msgid "Definitions" +msgstr "定义" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Today's programs need to be able to handle a wide variety of characters. " +"Applications are often internationalized to display messages and output in a" +" variety of user-selectable languages; the same program might need to output" +" an error message in English, French, Japanese, Hebrew, or Russian. Web " +"content can be written in any of these languages and can also include a " +"variety of emoji symbols. Python's string type uses the Unicode Standard for" +" representing characters, which lets Python programs work with all these " +"different possible characters." +msgstr "" +"如今的程序需要能够处理各种各样的字符。应用程序通常做了国际化处理，用户可以选择不同的语言显示信息和输出数据。同一个程序可能需要以英语、法语、日语、希伯来语或俄语输出错误信息。网页内容可能由这些语言书写，并且可能包含不同的表情符号。Python" +" 的字符串类型采用 Unicode 标准来表示字符，使得 Python 程序能够正常处理所有这些不同的字符。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Unicode (https://www.unicode.org/) is a specification that aims to list " +"every character used by human languages and give each character its own " +"unique code. The Unicode specifications are continually revised and updated" +" to add new languages and symbols." +msgstr "" +"Unicode " +"规范（https://www.unicode.org/）旨在罗列人类语言所用到的所有字符，并赋予每个字符唯一的编码。该规范一直在进行修订和更新，不断加入新的语种和符号。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:35 +msgid "" +"A **character** is the smallest possible component of a text. 'A', 'B', " +"'C', etc., are all different characters. So are 'È' and 'Í'. Characters " +"vary depending on the language or context you're talking about. For " +"example, there's a character for \"Roman Numeral One\", 'Ⅰ', that's separate" +" from the uppercase letter 'I'. They'll usually look the same, but these " +"are two different characters that have different meanings." +msgstr "" +"一个 **字符** 是文本的最小组件。‘A’、‘B’、‘C’ 等都是不同的字符。‘È’ 和 ‘Í’ " +"也一样。字符会随着语言或者上下文的变化而变化。比如，‘Ⅰ’ 是一个表示 “罗马数字 1” 的字符，它与大写字母 ‘I’ " +"不同。他们往往看起来相同，但这是两个有着不同含义的字符。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:42 +msgid "" +"The Unicode standard describes how characters are represented by **code " +"points**. A code point value is an integer in the range 0 to 0x10FFFF " +"(about 1.1 million values, the `actual number assigned " +"`_ is less than that). In " +"the standard and in this document, a code point is written using the " +"notation ``U+265E`` to mean the character with value ``0x265e`` (9,822 in " +"decimal)." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 标准描述了字符是如何用 **码位（code point）** 表示的。码位的取值范围是 0 到 0x10FFFF 的整数（大约 110 " +"万个值，`实际分配的数字 `_ 没有那么多）。在 " +"Unicode 标准和本文中，码位采用 ``U+265E`` 的形式，表示值为 ``0x265e`` 的字符（十进制为 9822）。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:50 +msgid "" +"The Unicode standard contains a lot of tables listing characters and their " +"corresponding code points:" +msgstr "Unicode 标准中包含了许多表格，列出了很多字符及其对应的码位。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:53 +msgid "" +"0061 'a'; LATIN SMALL LETTER A\n" +"0062 'b'; LATIN SMALL LETTER B\n" +"0063 'c'; LATIN SMALL LETTER C\n" +"...\n" +"007B '{'; LEFT CURLY BRACKET\n" +"...\n" +"2167 'Ⅷ'; ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT\n" +"2168 'Ⅸ'; ROMAN NUMERAL NINE\n" +"...\n" +"265E '♞'; BLACK CHESS KNIGHT\n" +"265F '♟'; BLACK CHESS PAWN\n" +"...\n" +"1F600 '😀'; GRINNING FACE\n" +"1F609 '😉'; WINKING FACE\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"0061 'a'; 拉丁字母 A 小写\n" +"0062 'b'; 拉丁字母 B 小写\n" +"0063 'c'; 拉丁字母 C 小写\n" +"...\n" +"007B '{'; 左花括号\n" +"...\n" +"2167 'Ⅷ'; 罗马数字八\n" +"2168 'Ⅸ'; 罗马数字九\n" +"...\n" +"265E '♞'; 国际象棋黑马\n" +"265F '♟'; 国际象棋黑兵\n" +"...\n" +"1F600 '😀'; 微笑脸\n" +"1F609 '😉'; 眨眼脸\n" +"..." + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Strictly, these definitions imply that it's meaningless to say 'this is " +"character ``U+265E``'. ``U+265E`` is a code point, which represents some " +"particular character; in this case, it represents the character 'BLACK CHESS" +" KNIGHT', '♞'. In informal contexts, this distinction between code points " +"and characters will sometimes be forgotten." +msgstr "" +"严格地说，上述定义暗示了以下说法是没有意义的：“这是字符 ``U+265E``”。``U+265E`` " +"只是一个码位，代表某个特定的字符；这里它代表了字符 “国际象棋黑骑士” '♞'。在非正式的上下文中，有时会忽略码位和字符的区别。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:78 +msgid "" +"A character is represented on a screen or on paper by a set of graphical " +"elements that's called a **glyph**. The glyph for an uppercase A, for " +"example, is two diagonal strokes and a horizontal stroke, though the exact " +"details will depend on the font being used. Most Python code doesn't need " +"to worry about glyphs; figuring out the correct glyph to display is " +"generally the job of a GUI toolkit or a terminal's font renderer." +msgstr "" +"一个字符在屏幕或纸上被表示为一组图形元素，被称为 **字形（glyph）** 。比如，大写字母 A " +"的字形，是两笔斜线和一笔横线，而具体的细节取决于所使用的字体。大部分 Python 代码不必担心字形，找到正确的显示字形通常是交给 GUI " +"工具包或终端的字体渲染程序来完成。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:87 +msgid "Encodings" +msgstr "编码" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:89 +msgid "" +"To summarize the previous section: a Unicode string is a sequence of code " +"points, which are numbers from 0 through ``0x10FFFF`` (1,114,111 decimal). " +"This sequence of code points needs to be represented in memory as a set of " +"**code units**, and **code units** are then mapped to 8-bit bytes. The " +"rules for translating a Unicode string into a sequence of bytes are called a" +" **character encoding**, or just an **encoding**." +msgstr "" +"上一段可以归结为：一个 Unicode 字符串是一系列码位（从 0 到 ``0x10FFFF`` 或者说十进制的 1,114,111 " +"的数字）组成的序列。这一序列在内存中需被表示为一组 **码元（code unit）** ， **码元** 会映射成包含八个二进制位的字节。将 " +"Unicode 字符串翻译成字节序列的规则称为 **字符编码** ，或者 **编码** 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:97 +msgid "" +"The first encoding you might think of is using 32-bit integers as the code " +"unit, and then using the CPU's representation of 32-bit integers. In this " +"representation, the string \"Python\" might look like this:" +msgstr "" +"大家首先会想到的编码可能是用 32 位的整数作为代码位，然后采用 CPU 对 32 位整数的表示法。字符串 “Python” " +"用这种表示法可能会如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:101 +msgid "" +" P y t h o n\n" +"0x50 00 00 00 79 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 68 00 00 00 6f 00 00 00 6e 00 00 00\n" +" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23" +msgstr "" +" P y t h o n\n" +"0x50 00 00 00 79 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 68 00 00 00 6f 00 00 00 6e 00 00 00\n" +" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:107 +msgid "" +"This representation is straightforward but using it presents a number of " +"problems." +msgstr "这种表示法非常直白，但也存在 一些问题。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:110 +msgid "It's not portable; different processors order the bytes differently." +msgstr "不具可移植性；不同的处理器的字节序不同。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:112 +msgid "" +"It's very wasteful of space. In most texts, the majority of the code points" +" are less than 127, or less than 255, so a lot of space is occupied by " +"``0x00`` bytes. The above string takes 24 bytes compared to the 6 bytes " +"needed for an ASCII representation. Increased RAM usage doesn't matter too " +"much (desktop computers have gigabytes of RAM, and strings aren't usually " +"that large), but expanding our usage of disk and network bandwidth by a " +"factor of 4 is intolerable." +msgstr "" +"非常浪费空间。 在大多数文本中，大部分码位都小于 127 或 255，因此字节 ``0x00`` 占用了大量空间。相较于 ASCII 表示法所需的 6 " +"个字节，以上字符串需要占用 24 个字节。RAM 用量的增加没那么要紧（台式计算机有成 GB 的 " +"RAM，而字符串通常不会有那么大），但要把磁盘和网络带宽的用量增加 4 倍是无法忍受的。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:120 +msgid "" +"It's not compatible with existing C functions such as ``strlen()``, so a new" +" family of wide string functions would need to be used." +msgstr "与现有的 C 函数（如 ``strlen()`` ）不兼容，因此需要采用一套新的宽字符串函数。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Therefore this encoding isn't used very much, and people instead choose " +"other encodings that are more efficient and convenient, such as UTF-8." +msgstr "因此这种编码用得不多，人们转而选择其他更高效、更方便的编码，比如 UTF-8。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:126 +msgid "" +"UTF-8 is one of the most commonly used encodings, and Python often defaults " +"to using it. UTF stands for \"Unicode Transformation Format\", and the '8' " +"means that 8-bit values are used in the encoding. (There are also UTF-16 " +"and UTF-32 encodings, but they are less frequently used than UTF-8.) UTF-8 " +"uses the following rules:" +msgstr "" +"UTF-8 是最常用的编码之一，Python 往往默认会采用它。UTF 代表“Unicode Transformation Format”，'8' " +"表示编码采用 8 位数。（UTF-16 和 UTF-32 编码也是存在的，但其使用频率不如 UTF-8。）UTF-8 的规则如下：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:132 +msgid "" +"If the code point is < 128, it's represented by the corresponding byte " +"value." +msgstr "如果码位 < 128，则直接用对应的字节值表示。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:133 +msgid "" +"If the code point is >= 128, it's turned into a sequence of two, three, or " +"four bytes, where each byte of the sequence is between 128 and 255." +msgstr "如果码位 >= 128，则转换为 2、3、4 个字节的序列，每个字节值都位于 128 和 255 之间。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:136 +msgid "UTF-8 has several convenient properties:" +msgstr "UTF-8 有几个很方便的特性：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:138 +msgid "It can handle any Unicode code point." +msgstr "可以处理任何 Unicode 码位。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:139 +msgid "" +"A Unicode string is turned into a sequence of bytes that contains embedded " +"zero bytes only where they represent the null character (U+0000). This means" +" that UTF-8 strings can be processed by C functions such as ``strcpy()`` and" +" sent through protocols that can't handle zero bytes for anything other than" +" end-of-string markers." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 字符串被转换为一个字节序列，仅在表示空（null ）字符（U+0000）时才会包含零值的字节。这意味着 ``strcpy()`` " +"之类的C 函数可以处理 UTF-8 字符串，而且用那些不能处理字符串结束符之外的零值字节的协议也能发送。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:144 +msgid "A string of ASCII text is also valid UTF-8 text." +msgstr "ASCII 字符串也是也是也是合法的 UTF-8 文本。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:145 +msgid "" +"UTF-8 is fairly compact; the majority of commonly used characters can be " +"represented with one or two bytes." +msgstr "UTF-8 相当紧凑；大多数常用字符均可用一两个字节表示。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:147 +msgid "" +"If bytes are corrupted or lost, it's possible to determine the start of the " +"next UTF-8-encoded code point and resynchronize. It's also unlikely that " +"random 8-bit data will look like valid UTF-8." +msgstr "" +"如果字节数据被损坏或丢失，则可以找出下一个 UTF-8 码点的开始位置并重新开始同步。随机的 8 位数据也不太可能像是有效的 UTF-8 编码。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:150 +msgid "" +"UTF-8 is a byte oriented encoding. The encoding specifies that each " +"character is represented by a specific sequence of one or more bytes. This " +"avoids the byte-ordering issues that can occur with integer and word " +"oriented encodings, like UTF-16 and UTF-32, where the sequence of bytes " +"varies depending on the hardware on which the string was encoded." +msgstr "" +"UTF-8 是一种面向字节的编码。编码规定了每个字符由一个或多个字节的序列表示。这避免了整数和双字节编码（如 UTF-16 和 " +"UTF-32）可能出现的字节顺序问题，那时的字节序列会因执行编码的硬件而异。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:158 ../../howto/unicode.rst:514 +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:735 +msgid "References" +msgstr "参考文献" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The `Unicode Consortium site `_ has character " +"charts, a glossary, and PDF versions of the Unicode specification. Be " +"prepared for some difficult reading. `A chronology " +"`_ of the origin and development of " +"Unicode is also available on the site." +msgstr "" +"`Unicode Consortium 站点 `_ 包含 Unicode 规范的字符图表、词汇表和 " +"PDF 版本。请做好准备，有些内容读起来有点难度。该网站上还提供了 Unicode 起源和发展的 `年表 " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:165 +msgid "" +"On the Computerphile Youtube channel, Tom Scott briefly `discusses the " +"history of Unicode and UTF-8 `_" +" (9 minutes 36 seconds)." +msgstr "" +"在 Computerphile 的 Youtube 频道上，Tom Scott 简要地 `讨论了 Unicode 和 UTF-8 " +"`_ （9 分 36 秒）的历史。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:169 +msgid "" +"To help understand the standard, Jukka Korpela has written `an introductory " +"guide `_ to reading the Unicode " +"character tables." +msgstr "" +"为了帮助理解该标准，Jukka Korpela 编写了阅读 Unicode 字符表的 `介绍性指南 " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Another `good introductory article " +"`_ was written by Joel Spolsky. If this " +"introduction didn't make things clear to you, you should try reading this " +"alternate article before continuing." +msgstr "" +"Joel Spolsky 撰写了另一篇不错的介绍性文章 `_ " +"。如果本文没让您弄清楚，那应在继续之前先试着读读这篇文章。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Wikipedia entries are often helpful; see the entries for \"`character " +"encoding `_\" and `UTF-8 " +"`_, for example." +msgstr "" +"Wikipedia 条目通常也有帮助；请参阅“`字符编码 " +"`_”和 `UTF-8 " +"`_ 的条目，例如：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:184 +msgid "Python's Unicode Support" +msgstr "Python对Unicode的支持" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Now that you've learned the rudiments of Unicode, we can look at Python's " +"Unicode features." +msgstr "现在您已经了解了 Unicode 的基础知识，可以看下 Python 的 Unicode 特性。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:190 +msgid "The String Type" +msgstr "字符串类型" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.0, the language's :class:`str` type contains Unicode " +"characters, meaning any string created using ``\"unicode rocks!\"``, " +"``'unicode rocks!'``, or the triple-quoted string syntax is stored as " +"Unicode." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.0 开始， :class:`str` 类型包含了 Unicode 字符，这意味着用 ``\"unicode " +"rocks!\"``、``'unicode rocks!'`` 或三重引号字符串语法创建的任何字符串都会存储为 Unicode。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:196 +msgid "" +"The default encoding for Python source code is UTF-8, so you can simply " +"include a Unicode character in a string literal::" +msgstr "Python 源代码的默认编码是 UTF-8，因此可以直接在字符串中包含 Unicode 字符：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:199 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" with open('/tmp/input.txt', 'r') as f:\n" +" ...\n" +"except OSError:\n" +" # 'File not found' error message.\n" +" print(\"Fichier non trouvé\")" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" with open('/tmp/input.txt', 'r') as f:\n" +" ...\n" +"except OSError:\n" +" # 'File not found' 错误消息。\n" +" print(\"Fichier non trouvé\")" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Side note: Python 3 also supports using Unicode characters in identifiers::" +msgstr "旁注：Python 3 还支持在标识符中使用 Unicode 字符：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:208 +msgid "" +"répertoire = \"/tmp/records.log\"\n" +"with open(répertoire, \"w\") as f:\n" +" f.write(\"test\\n\")" +msgstr "" +"répertoire = \"/tmp/records.log\"\n" +"with open(répertoire, \"w\") as f:\n" +" f.write(\"test\\n\")" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:212 +msgid "" +"If you can't enter a particular character in your editor or want to keep the" +" source code ASCII-only for some reason, you can also use escape sequences " +"in string literals. (Depending on your system, you may see the actual " +"capital-delta glyph instead of a \\u escape.) ::" +msgstr "" +"如果无法在编辑器中输入某个字符，或出于某种原因想只保留 ASCII 编码的源代码，则还可以在字符串中使用转义序列。（根据系统的不同，可能会看到真的大写 " +"Delta 字体而不是 \\u 转义符。）：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:217 +msgid "" +">>> \"\\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}\" # Using the character name\n" +"'\\u0394'\n" +">>> \"\\u0394\" # Using a 16-bit hex value\n" +"'\\u0394'\n" +">>> \"\\U00000394\" # Using a 32-bit hex value\n" +"'\\u0394'" +msgstr "" +">>> \"\\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}\" # 使用字符名称\n" +"'\\u0394'\n" +">>> \"\\u0394\" # 使用 16 比特位十六进制数值\n" +"'\\u0394'\n" +">>> \"\\U00000394\" # 使用 32 比特位十六进制数值\n" +"'\\u0394'" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:224 +msgid "" +"In addition, one can create a string using the :func:`~bytes.decode` method " +"of :class:`bytes`. This method takes an *encoding* argument, such as " +"``UTF-8``, and optionally an *errors* argument." +msgstr "" +"此外，可以用 :class:`bytes` 的 :func:`~bytes.decode` 方法创建一个字符串。 该方法可以接受 *encoding* " +"参数，比如可以为 ``UTF-8`` ，以及可选的 *errors* 参数。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:228 +msgid "" +"The *errors* argument specifies the response when the input string can't be " +"converted according to the encoding's rules. Legal values for this argument" +" are ``'strict'`` (raise a :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` exception), " +"``'replace'`` (use ``U+FFFD``, ``REPLACEMENT CHARACTER``), ``'ignore'`` " +"(just leave the character out of the Unicode result), or " +"``'backslashreplace'`` (inserts a ``\\xNN`` escape sequence). The following " +"examples show the differences::" +msgstr "" +"若无法根据编码规则对输入字符串进行编码，*errors* 参数指定了响应策略。 该参数的合法值可以是 ``'strict'`` (触发 " +":exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` 异常)、``'replace'`` (用 ``U+FFFD``、``REPLACEMENT " +"CHARACTER``)、``'ignore'`` (只是将字符从 Unicode 结果中去掉)，或 ``'backslashreplace'`` " +"(插入一个 ``\\xNN`` 转义序列)。 以下示例演示了这些不同的参数::" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:236 +msgid "" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"strict\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 0:\n" +" invalid start byte\n" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"replace\")\n" +"'\\ufffdabc'\n" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"backslashreplace\")\n" +"'\\\\x80abc'\n" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"ignore\")\n" +"'abc'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"strict\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 0:\n" +" invalid start byte\n" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"replace\")\n" +"'\\ufffdabc'\n" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"backslashreplace\")\n" +"'\\\\x80abc'\n" +">>> b'\\x80abc'.decode(\"utf-8\", \"ignore\")\n" +"'abc'" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:248 +msgid "" +"Encodings are specified as strings containing the encoding's name. Python " +"comes with roughly 100 different encodings; see the Python Library Reference" +" at :ref:`standard-encodings` for a list. Some encodings have multiple " +"names; for example, ``'latin-1'``, ``'iso_8859_1'`` and ``'8859``' are all " +"synonyms for the same encoding." +msgstr "" +"编码格式以包含编码格式名称的字符串来指明。 Python 有大约 100 种不同的编码格式；清单详见 Python 库参考文档 " +":ref:`standard-encodings`。 一些编码格式有多个名称，比如 ``'latin-1'``、``'iso_8859_1'`` 和 " +"``'8859`` 都是指同一种编码。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:254 +msgid "" +"One-character Unicode strings can also be created with the :func:`chr` " +"built-in function, which takes integers and returns a Unicode string of " +"length 1 that contains the corresponding code point. The reverse operation " +"is the built-in :func:`ord` function that takes a one-character Unicode " +"string and returns the code point value::" +msgstr "" +"利用内置函数 :func:`chr` 还可以创建单字符的 Unicode 字符串，该函数可接受整数参数，并返回包含对应码位的长度为 1 的 " +"Unicode 字符串。内置函数 :func:`ord` 是其逆操作，参数为单个字符的 Unicode 字符串，并返回码位值：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:260 +msgid "" +">>> chr(57344)\n" +"'\\ue000'\n" +">>> ord('\\ue000')\n" +"57344" +msgstr "" +">>> chr(57344)\n" +"'\\ue000'\n" +">>> ord('\\ue000')\n" +"57344" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:266 +msgid "Converting to Bytes" +msgstr "转换为字节" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:268 +msgid "" +"The opposite method of :meth:`bytes.decode` is :meth:`str.encode`, which " +"returns a :class:`bytes` representation of the Unicode string, encoded in " +"the requested *encoding*." +msgstr "" +":meth:`bytes.decode` 的逆方法是 :meth:`str.encode` ，它会返回 Unicode 字符串的 " +":class:`bytes` 形式，已按要求的 *encoding* 进行了编码。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:272 +msgid "" +"The *errors* parameter is the same as the parameter of the " +":meth:`~bytes.decode` method but supports a few more possible handlers. As " +"well as ``'strict'``, ``'ignore'``, and ``'replace'`` (which in this case " +"inserts a question mark instead of the unencodable character), there is also" +" ``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` (inserts an XML character reference), " +"``backslashreplace`` (inserts a ``\\uNNNN`` escape sequence) and " +"``namereplace`` (inserts a ``\\N{...}`` escape sequence)." +msgstr "" +"参数 *errors* 的意义与 :meth:`~bytes.decode` 方法相同，但支持更多可能的handler。除了 ``'strict'`` " +"、 ``'ignore'`` 和 ``'replace'`` （这时会插入问号替换掉无法编码的字符），还有 " +"``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` （插入一个 XML 字符引用）、 ``backslashreplace`` （插入一个 " +"``\\uNNNN`` 转义序列）和 ``namereplace`` （插入一个 ``\\N{...}`` 转义序列 ）。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:280 +msgid "The following example shows the different results::" +msgstr "以下例子演示了各种不同的结果：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:282 +msgid "" +">>> u = chr(40960) + 'abcd' + chr(1972)\n" +">>> u.encode('utf-8')\n" +"b'\\xea\\x80\\x80abcd\\xde\\xb4'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\\ua000' in\n" +" position 0: ordinal not in range(128)\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'ignore')\n" +"b'abcd'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'replace')\n" +"b'?abcd?'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace')\n" +"b'ꀀabcd޴'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')\n" +"b'\\\\ua000abcd\\\\u07b4'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'namereplace')\n" +"b'\\\\N{YI SYLLABLE IT}abcd\\\\u07b4'" +msgstr "" +">>> u = chr(40960) + 'abcd' + chr(1972)\n" +">>> u.encode('utf-8')\n" +"b'\\xea\\x80\\x80abcd\\xde\\xb4'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\\ua000' in\n" +" position 0: ordinal not in range(128)\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'ignore')\n" +"b'abcd'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'replace')\n" +"b'?abcd?'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace')\n" +"b'ꀀabcd޴'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')\n" +"b'\\\\ua000abcd\\\\u07b4'\n" +">>> u.encode('ascii', 'namereplace')\n" +"b'\\\\N{YI SYLLABLE IT}abcd\\\\u07b4'" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:301 +msgid "" +"The low-level routines for registering and accessing the available encodings" +" are found in the :mod:`codecs` module. Implementing new encodings also " +"requires understanding the :mod:`codecs` module. However, the encoding and " +"decoding functions returned by this module are usually more low-level than " +"is comfortable, and writing new encodings is a specialized task, so the " +"module won't be covered in this HOWTO." +msgstr "" +"用于注册和访问可用编码格式的底层函数，位于 :mod:`codecs` 模块中。 若要实现新的编码格式，则还需要了解 :mod:`codecs` 模块。" +" 不过该模块返回的编码和解码函数通常更为底层一些，不大好用，编写新的编码格式是一项专业的任务，因此本文不会涉及该模块。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:310 +msgid "Unicode Literals in Python Source Code" +msgstr "Python 源代码中的 Unicode 文字" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:312 +msgid "" +"In Python source code, specific Unicode code points can be written using the" +" ``\\u`` escape sequence, which is followed by four hex digits giving the " +"code point. The ``\\U`` escape sequence is similar, but expects eight hex " +"digits, not four::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 源代码中，可以用 ``\\u`` 转义序列书写特定的 Unicode 码位，该序列后跟 4 个代表码位的十六进制数字。``\\U`` " +"转义序列用法类似，但要用8 个十六进制数字，而不是 4 个：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:317 +msgid "" +">>> s = \"a\\xac\\u1234\\u20ac\\U00008000\"\n" +"... # ^^^^ two-digit hex escape\n" +"... # ^^^^^^ four-digit Unicode escape\n" +"... # ^^^^^^^^^^ eight-digit Unicode escape\n" +">>> [ord(c) for c in s]\n" +"[97, 172, 4660, 8364, 32768]" +msgstr "" +">>> s = \"a\\xac\\u1234\\u20ac\\U00008000\"\n" +"... # ^^^^ 两位十六进制数转义\n" +"... # ^^^^^^ 四位 Unicode 转义\n" +"... # ^^^^^^^^^^ 八位 Unicode 转义\n" +">>> [ord(c) for c in s]\n" +"[97, 172, 4660, 8364, 32768]" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Using escape sequences for code points greater than 127 is fine in small " +"doses, but becomes an annoyance if you're using many accented characters, as" +" you would in a program with messages in French or some other accent-using " +"language. You can also assemble strings using the :func:`chr` built-in " +"function, but this is even more tedious." +msgstr "" +"对大于 127 " +"的码位使用转义序列，数量不多时没什么问题，但如果要用到很多重音字符，这会变得很烦人，类似于程序中的信息是用法语或其他使用重音的语言写的。也可以用内置函数" +" :func:`chr` 拼装字符串，但会更加乏味。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:330 +msgid "" +"Ideally, you'd want to be able to write literals in your language's natural " +"encoding. You could then edit Python source code with your favorite editor " +"which would display the accented characters naturally, and have the right " +"characters used at runtime." +msgstr "" +"理想情况下，都希望能用母语的编码书写文本。还能用喜好的编辑器编辑 Python 源代码，编辑器要能自然地显示重音符，并在运行时使用正确的字符。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Python supports writing source code in UTF-8 by default, but you can use " +"almost any encoding if you declare the encoding being used. This is done by" +" including a special comment as either the first or second line of the " +"source file::" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，Python 支持以 UTF-8 " +"格式编写源代码，但如果声明要用的编码，则几乎可以使用任何编码。只要在源文件的第一行或第二行包含一个特殊注释即可：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:339 +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-\n" +"\n" +"u = 'abcdé'\n" +"print(ord(u[-1]))" +msgstr "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-\n" +"\n" +"u = 'abcdé'\n" +"print(ord(u[-1]))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The syntax is inspired by Emacs's notation for specifying variables local to" +" a file. Emacs supports many different variables, but Python only supports " +"'coding'. The ``-*-`` symbols indicate to Emacs that the comment is " +"special; they have no significance to Python but are a convention. Python " +"looks for ``coding: name`` or ``coding=name`` in the comment." +msgstr "" +"上述语法的灵感来自于 Emacs 用于指定文件局部变量的符号。Emacs 支持许多不同的变量，但 Python 仅支持“编码”。 ``-*-`` 符号向" +" Emacs 标明该注释是特殊的；这对 Python 没有什么意义，只是一种约定。Python 会在注释中查找 ``coding: name`` 或 " +"``coding=name`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:351 +msgid "" +"If you don't include such a comment, the default encoding used will be UTF-8" +" as already mentioned. See also :pep:`263` for more information." +msgstr "如果没有这种注释，则默认编码将会是前面提到的 UTF-8。更多信息请参阅 :pep:`263` 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:356 +msgid "Unicode Properties" +msgstr "Unicode属性" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The Unicode specification includes a database of information about code " +"points. For each defined code point, the information includes the " +"character's name, its category, the numeric value if applicable (for " +"characters representing numeric concepts such as the Roman numerals, " +"fractions such as one-third and four-fifths, etc.). There are also display-" +"related properties, such as how to use the code point in bidirectional text." +msgstr "" +"Unicode " +"规范包含了一个码位信息数据库。对于定义的每一个码位，都包含了字符的名称、类别、数值（对于表示数字概念的字符，如罗马数字、分数如三分之一和五分之四等）。还有有关显示的属性，比如如何在双向文本中使用码位。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:366 +msgid "" +"The following program displays some information about several characters, " +"and prints the numeric value of one particular character::" +msgstr "以下程序显示了几个字符的信息，并打印一个字符的数值：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:369 +msgid "" +"import unicodedata\n" +"\n" +"u = chr(233) + chr(0x0bf2) + chr(3972) + chr(6000) + chr(13231)\n" +"\n" +"for i, c in enumerate(u):\n" +" print(i, '%04x' % ord(c), unicodedata.category(c), end=\" \")\n" +" print(unicodedata.name(c))\n" +"\n" +"# Get numeric value of second character\n" +"print(unicodedata.numeric(u[1]))" +msgstr "" +"import unicodedata\n" +"\n" +"u = chr(233) + chr(0x0bf2) + chr(3972) + chr(6000) + chr(13231)\n" +"\n" +"for i, c in enumerate(u):\n" +" print(i, '%04x' % ord(c), unicodedata.category(c), end=\" \")\n" +" print(unicodedata.name(c))\n" +"\n" +"# 获取第二个字符的数值\n" +"print(unicodedata.numeric(u[1]))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:380 +msgid "When run, this prints:" +msgstr "当运行时，这将打印出：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:382 +msgid "" +"0 00e9 Ll LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE\n" +"1 0bf2 No TAMIL NUMBER ONE THOUSAND\n" +"2 0f84 Mn TIBETAN MARK HALANTA\n" +"3 1770 Lo TAGBANWA LETTER SA\n" +"4 33af So SQUARE RAD OVER S SQUARED\n" +"1000.0" +msgstr "" +"0 00e9 Ll LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE\n" +"1 0bf2 No TAMIL NUMBER ONE THOUSAND\n" +"2 0f84 Mn TIBETAN MARK HALANTA\n" +"3 1770 Lo TAGBANWA LETTER SA\n" +"4 33af So SQUARE RAD OVER S SQUARED\n" +"1000.0" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:391 +msgid "" +"The category codes are abbreviations describing the nature of the character." +" These are grouped into categories such as \"Letter\", \"Number\", " +"\"Punctuation\", or \"Symbol\", which in turn are broken up into " +"subcategories. To take the codes from the above output, ``'Ll'`` means " +"'Letter, lowercase', ``'No'`` means \"Number, other\", ``'Mn'`` is \"Mark, " +"nonspacing\", and ``'So'`` is \"Symbol, other\". See `the General Category " +"Values section of the Unicode Character Database documentation " +"`_ for a list" +" of category codes." +msgstr "" +"类别代码是描述字符性质的一个缩写。分为“字母”、“数字”、“标点符号”或“符号”等类别，而这些类别又分为子类别。就以上输出的代码而言，``'Ll'`` " +"表示“字母，小写”，``'No'`` 表示“数字，其他”，``'Mn'`` 表示“标记，非空白符” , ``'So'`` " +"是“符号，其他”。有关类别代码的清单，请参阅 `Unicode 字符库文档 " +"`_ " +"的“通用类别值”部分。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:402 +msgid "Comparing Strings" +msgstr "字符串比较" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Unicode adds some complication to comparing strings, because the same set of" +" characters can be represented by different sequences of code points. For " +"example, a letter like 'ê' can be represented as a single code point U+00EA," +" or as U+0065 U+0302, which is the code point for 'e' followed by a code " +"point for 'COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT'. These will produce the same output" +" when printed, but one is a string of length 1 and the other is of length 2." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 让字符串的比较变得复杂了一些，因为同一组字符可能由不同的码位序列组成。例如，像“ê”这样的字母可以表示为单码位 U+00EA，或是 " +"U+0065 U+0302，即“e”的码位后跟“COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX " +"ACCENT”的码位。虽然在打印时会产生同样的输出，但一个是长度为 1 的字符串，另一个是长度为 2 的字符串。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:412 +msgid "" +"One tool for a case-insensitive comparison is the :meth:`~str.casefold` " +"string method that converts a string to a case-insensitive form following an" +" algorithm described by the Unicode Standard. This algorithm has special " +"handling for characters such as the German letter 'ß' (code point U+00DF), " +"which becomes the pair of lowercase letters 'ss'." +msgstr "" +"一种不区分大小写比较的工具是字符串方法 :meth:`~str.casefold` ，将按照 Unicode " +"标准描述的算法将字符串转换为不区分大小写的形式。该算法对诸如德语字母“ß”（代码点 U+00DF）之类的字符进行了特殊处理，变为一对小写字母“ss”。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:421 +msgid "" +">>> street = 'Gürzenichstraße'\n" +">>> street.casefold()\n" +"'gürzenichstrasse'" +msgstr "" +">>> street = 'Gürzenichstraße'\n" +">>> street.casefold()\n" +"'gürzenichstrasse'" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:425 +msgid "" +"A second tool is the :mod:`unicodedata` module's " +":func:`~unicodedata.normalize` function that converts strings to one of " +"several normal forms, where letters followed by a combining character are " +"replaced with single characters. :func:`~unicodedata.normalize` can be used" +" to perform string comparisons that won't falsely report inequality if two " +"strings use combining characters differently:" +msgstr "" +"第二个工具是 :mod:`unicodedata` 模块的 :func:`~unicodedata.normalize` " +"函数，该函数可将字符串转换为几种规范化形式之一，即用单字符替换后面带一个组合字符的多个字母。 " +":func:`~unicodedata.normalize` 可被用于执行字符串比较，如果两个字符串使用不同的组合字符，也不会错误地报告两者不相等:" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:434 +msgid "" +"import unicodedata\n" +"\n" +"def compare_strs(s1, s2):\n" +" def NFD(s):\n" +" return unicodedata.normalize('NFD', s)\n" +"\n" +" return NFD(s1) == NFD(s2)\n" +"\n" +"single_char = 'ê'\n" +"multiple_chars = '\\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E}\\N{COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT}'\n" +"print('length of first string=', len(single_char))\n" +"print('length of second string=', len(multiple_chars))\n" +"print(compare_strs(single_char, multiple_chars))" +msgstr "" +"import unicodedata\n" +"\n" +"def compare_strs(s1, s2):\n" +" def NFD(s):\n" +" return unicodedata.normalize('NFD', s)\n" +"\n" +" return NFD(s1) == NFD(s2)\n" +"\n" +"single_char = 'ê'\n" +"multiple_chars = '\\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E}\\N{COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT}'\n" +"print('length of first string=', len(single_char))\n" +"print('length of second string=', len(multiple_chars))\n" +"print(compare_strs(single_char, multiple_chars))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:448 +msgid "When run, this outputs:" +msgstr "当运行时，这将输出：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:450 +msgid "" +"$ python compare-strs.py\n" +"length of first string= 1\n" +"length of second string= 2\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +"$ python compare-strs.py\n" +"length of first string= 1\n" +"length of second string= 2\n" +"True" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:457 +msgid "" +"The first argument to the :func:`~unicodedata.normalize` function is a " +"string giving the desired normalization form, which can be one of 'NFC', " +"'NFKC', 'NFD', and 'NFKD'." +msgstr "" +":func:`~unicodedata.normalize` " +"函数的第一个参数是个字符串，给出所需的规范化形式，可以是“NFC”、“NFKC”、“NFD”和“NFKD”之一。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:461 +msgid "The Unicode Standard also specifies how to do caseless comparisons::" +msgstr "Unicode 标准还设定了如何进行不区分大小写的比较：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:463 +msgid "" +"import unicodedata\n" +"\n" +"def compare_caseless(s1, s2):\n" +" def NFD(s):\n" +" return unicodedata.normalize('NFD', s)\n" +"\n" +" return NFD(NFD(s1).casefold()) == NFD(NFD(s2).casefold())\n" +"\n" +"# Example usage\n" +"single_char = 'ê'\n" +"multiple_chars = '\\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E}\\N{COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT}'\n" +"\n" +"print(compare_caseless(single_char, multiple_chars))" +msgstr "" +"import unicodedata\n" +"\n" +"def compare_caseless(s1, s2):\n" +" def NFD(s):\n" +" return unicodedata.normalize('NFD', s)\n" +"\n" +" return NFD(NFD(s1).casefold()) == NFD(NFD(s2).casefold())\n" +"\n" +"# 使用示例\n" +"single_char = 'ê'\n" +"multiple_chars = '\\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E}\\N{COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT}'\n" +"\n" +"print(compare_caseless(single_char, multiple_chars))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:477 +msgid "" +"This will print ``True``. (Why is :func:`!NFD` invoked twice? Because " +"there are a few characters that make :meth:`~str.casefold` return a non-" +"normalized string, so the result needs to be normalized again. See section " +"3.13 of the Unicode Standard for a discussion and an example.)" +msgstr "" +"这将打印 ``True``。 （为什么 :func:`!NFD` 会两次被唤起？ 因为有几个字符会使 :meth:`~str.casefold` " +"返回非规范化的字符串，所以需要再次对结果进行规范化处理。 有关讨论和示例，请参阅 Unicode 标准第 3.13 节）。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:484 +msgid "Unicode Regular Expressions" +msgstr "Unicode 正则表达式" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The regular expressions supported by the :mod:`re` module can be provided " +"either as bytes or strings. Some of the special character sequences such as" +" ``\\d`` and ``\\w`` have different meanings depending on whether the " +"pattern is supplied as bytes or a string. For example, ``\\d`` will match " +"the characters ``[0-9]`` in bytes but in strings will match any character " +"that's in the ``'Nd'`` category." +msgstr "" +":mod:`re` 模块支持的正则表达式可以用字节串或字符串的形式提供。有一些特殊字符序列，比如 ``\\d`` 和 ``\\w`` " +"具有不同的含义，具体取决于匹配模式是以字节串还是字符串形式提供的。例如，``\\d`` 将匹配字节串中的字符 ``[0-9]`` ，但对于字符串将会匹配" +" ``'Nd'`` 类别中的任何字符。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:493 +msgid "" +"The string in this example has the number 57 written in both Thai and Arabic" +" numerals::" +msgstr "上述示例中的字符串包含了泰语和阿拉伯数字书写的数字 57：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:496 +msgid "" +"import re\n" +"p = re.compile(r'\\d+')\n" +"\n" +"s = \"Over \\u0e55\\u0e57 57 flavours\"\n" +"m = p.search(s)\n" +"print(repr(m.group()))" +msgstr "" +"import re\n" +"p = re.compile(r'\\d+')\n" +"\n" +"s = \"Over \\u0e55\\u0e57 57 flavours\"\n" +"m = p.search(s)\n" +"print(repr(m.group()))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:503 +msgid "" +"When executed, ``\\d+`` will match the Thai numerals and print them out. If" +" you supply the :const:`re.ASCII` flag to :func:`~re.compile`, ``\\d+`` will" +" match the substring \"57\" instead." +msgstr "" +"执行时，``\\d+`` 将匹配上泰语数字并打印出来。如果向 :func:`~re.compile` 提供的是 :const:`re.ASCII` " +"标志，``\\d+`` 则会匹配子串 \"57\"。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Similarly, ``\\w`` matches a wide variety of Unicode characters but only " +"``[a-zA-Z0-9_]`` in bytes or if :const:`re.ASCII` is supplied, and ``\\s`` " +"will match either Unicode whitespace characters or ``[ \\t\\n\\r\\f\\v]``." +msgstr "" +"类似地，``\\w`` 将匹配多种 Unicode 字符，但对于字节串则只会匹配 ``[a-zA-Z0-9_]`` ，如果指定 " +":const:`re.ASCII` ， ``\\s`` 将匹配 Unicode 空白符或 ``[ \\t\\n\\r\\f\\v]`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:518 +msgid "Some good alternative discussions of Python's Unicode support are:" +msgstr "关于 Python 的 Unicode 支持，其他还有一些很好的讨论：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:520 +msgid "" +"`Processing Text Files in Python 3 `_, " +"by Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "" +"`用 Python 3 处理文本文件 `_ " +"，作者 Nick Coghlan。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:521 +msgid "" +"`Pragmatic Unicode `_, a PyCon " +"2012 presentation by Ned Batchelder." +msgstr "" +"`实用的 Unicode `_，Ned Batchelder " +"在 PyCon 2012 上的演示。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:523 +msgid "" +"The :class:`str` type is described in the Python library reference at " +":ref:`textseq`." +msgstr ":class:`str` 类型在 Python 库参考文档 :ref:`textseq` 中有介绍。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:526 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`unicodedata` module." +msgstr ":mod:`unicodedata` 模块的文档" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:528 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`codecs` module." +msgstr ":mod:`codecs` 模块的文档" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Marc-André Lemburg gave `a presentation titled \"Python and Unicode\" (PDF " +"slides) `_ at " +"EuroPython 2002. The slides are an excellent overview of the design of " +"Python 2's Unicode features (where the Unicode string type is called " +"``unicode`` and literals start with ``u``)." +msgstr "" +"Marc-André Lemburg 在 EuroPython 2002 上做了一个题为“Python 和 Unicode”（PDF " +"幻灯片）`_ " +"的演示文稿。该幻灯片很好地概括了 Python 2 的 Unicode 功能设计（其中 Unicode 字符串类型称为 ``unicode``，文字以 " +"``u`` 开头）。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:538 +msgid "Reading and Writing Unicode Data" +msgstr "Unicode 数据的读写" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Once you've written some code that works with Unicode data, the next problem" +" is input/output. How do you get Unicode strings into your program, and how" +" do you convert Unicode into a form suitable for storage or transmission?" +msgstr "" +"既然处理 Unicode 数据的代码写好了，下一个问题就是输入/输出了。如何将 Unicode 字符串读入程序，如何将 Unicode " +"转换为适于存储或传输的形式呢？" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:544 +msgid "" +"It's possible that you may not need to do anything depending on your input " +"sources and output destinations; you should check whether the libraries used" +" in your application support Unicode natively. XML parsers often return " +"Unicode data, for example. Many relational databases also support Unicode-" +"valued columns and can return Unicode values from an SQL query." +msgstr "" +"根据输入源和输出目标的不同，或许什么都不用干；请检查一下应用程序用到的库是否原生支持 Unicode。例如，XML 解析器往往会返回 Unicode " +"数据。许多关系数据库的字段也支持 Unicode 值，并且 SQL 查询也能返回 Unicode 值。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Unicode data is usually converted to a particular encoding before it gets " +"written to disk or sent over a socket. It's possible to do all the work " +"yourself: open a file, read an 8-bit bytes object from it, and convert the " +"bytes with ``bytes.decode(encoding)``. However, the manual approach is not " +"recommended." +msgstr "" +"在写入磁盘或通过套接字发送之前，Unicode 数据通常要转换为特定的编码。可以自己完成所有工作：打开一个文件，从中读取一个 8 位字节对象，然后用 " +"``bytes.decode(encoding)`` 对字节串进行转换。但是，不推荐采用这种全人工的方案。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:555 +msgid "" +"One problem is the multi-byte nature of encodings; one Unicode character can" +" be represented by several bytes. If you want to read the file in " +"arbitrary-sized chunks (say, 1024 or 4096 bytes), you need to write error-" +"handling code to catch the case where only part of the bytes encoding a " +"single Unicode character are read at the end of a chunk. One solution would" +" be to read the entire file into memory and then perform the decoding, but " +"that prevents you from working with files that are extremely large; if you " +"need to read a 2 GiB file, you need 2 GiB of RAM. (More, really, since for " +"at least a moment you'd need to have both the encoded string and its Unicode" +" version in memory.)" +msgstr "" +"编码的多字节特性就是一个难题； 一个 Unicode 字符可以用几个字节表示。 如果要以任意大小的块（例如 1024 或 4096 " +"字节）读取文件，那么在块的末尾可能只读到某个 Unicode 字符的部分字节，这就需要编写错误处理代码。 " +"有一种解决方案是将整个文件读入内存，然后进行解码，但这样就没法处理很大的文件了；若要读取 2 GB 的文件，就需要 2 GB 的 " +"RAM。（其实需要的内存会更多些，因为至少有一段时间需要在内存中同时存放已编码字符串及其 Unicode 版本。）" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:565 +msgid "" +"The solution would be to use the low-level decoding interface to catch the " +"case of partial coding sequences. The work of implementing this has already" +" been done for you: the built-in :func:`open` function can return a file-" +"like object that assumes the file's contents are in a specified encoding and" +" accepts Unicode parameters for methods such as :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` " +"and :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.write`. This works through :func:`open`\\'s " +"*encoding* and *errors* parameters which are interpreted just like those in " +":meth:`str.encode` and :meth:`bytes.decode`." +msgstr "" +"解决方案是利用底层解码接口去捕获编码序列不完整的情况。这部分代码已经是现成的：内置函数 :func:`open` " +"可以返回一个文件类的对象，该对象认为文件的内容采用指定的编码，:meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` 和 " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.write` 等方法接受 Unicode 参数。只要用 :func:`open` 的 *encoding* " +"和 *errors* 参数即可，参数释义同 :meth:`str.encode` 和 :meth:`bytes.decode` 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:574 +msgid "Reading Unicode from a file is therefore simple::" +msgstr "因此从文件读取 Unicode 就比较简单了：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:576 +msgid "" +"with open('unicode.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print(repr(line))" +msgstr "" +"with open('unicode.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print(repr(line))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:580 +msgid "" +"It's also possible to open files in update mode, allowing both reading and " +"writing::" +msgstr "也可以在更新模式下打开文件，以便同时读取和写入：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:583 +msgid "" +"with open('test', encoding='utf-8', mode='w+') as f:\n" +" f.write('\\u4500 blah blah blah\\n')\n" +" f.seek(0)\n" +" print(repr(f.readline()[:1]))" +msgstr "" +"with open('test', encoding='utf-8', mode='w+') as f:\n" +" f.write('\\u4500 blah blah blah\\n')\n" +" f.seek(0)\n" +" print(repr(f.readline()[:1]))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:588 +msgid "" +"The Unicode character ``U+FEFF`` is used as a byte-order mark (BOM), and is " +"often written as the first character of a file in order to assist with " +"autodetection of the file's byte ordering. Some encodings, such as UTF-16, " +"expect a BOM to be present at the start of a file; when such an encoding is " +"used, the BOM will be automatically written as the first character and will " +"be silently dropped when the file is read. There are variants of these " +"encodings, such as 'utf-16-le' and 'utf-16-be' for little-endian and big-" +"endian encodings, that specify one particular byte ordering and don't skip " +"the BOM." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 字符 ``U+FEFF`` 用作字节顺序标记（BOM），通常作为文件的第一个字符写入，以帮助自动检测文件的字节顺序。某些编码（例如 " +"UTF-16）期望在文件开头出现 BOM；当采用这种编码时，BOM 将自动作为第一个字符写入，并在读取文件时会静默删除。这些编码有多种变体，例如用于 " +"little-endian 和 big-endian 编码的 “utf-16-le” 和 “utf-16-be”，会指定一种特定的字节顺序并且不会忽略 " +"BOM。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:597 +msgid "" +"In some areas, it is also convention to use a \"BOM\" at the start of UTF-8 " +"encoded files; the name is misleading since UTF-8 is not byte-order " +"dependent. The mark simply announces that the file is encoded in UTF-8. For" +" reading such files, use the 'utf-8-sig' codec to automatically skip the " +"mark if present." +msgstr "" +"在某些地区，习惯在 UTF-8 编码文件的开头用上“BOM”；此名称具有误导性，因为 UTF-8 与字节顺序无关。此标记只是声明该文件以 UTF-8 " +"编码。要读取此类文件，请使用“utf-8-sig”编解码器自动忽略此标记。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:604 +msgid "Unicode filenames" +msgstr "Unicode 文件名" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:606 +msgid "" +"Most of the operating systems in common use today support filenames that " +"contain arbitrary Unicode characters. Usually this is implemented by " +"converting the Unicode string into some encoding that varies depending on " +"the system. Today Python is converging on using UTF-8: Python on MacOS has " +"used UTF-8 for several versions, and Python 3.6 switched to using UTF-8 on " +"Windows as well. On Unix systems, there will only be a :term:`filesystem " +"encoding `. if you've set the " +"``LANG`` or ``LC_CTYPE`` environment variables; if you haven't, the default " +"encoding is again UTF-8." +msgstr "" +"当今大多数操作系统都支持包含任意 Unicode 字符的文件名。 通常这是通过将 Unicode 字符串转换为某种根据具体系统而定的编码格式来实现的。 " +"如今的 Python 倾向于使用 UTF-8：MacOS 上的 Python 已经在多个版本中使用了 UTF-8，而 Python 3.6 也已在 " +"Windows 上改用了 UTF-8。 在 Unix 系统中，将只有一个 :term:`文件系统编码格式 `。 如果你已设置了 ``LANG`` 或 ``LC_CTYPE`` 环境变量的话；如果未设置，则默认编码格式还是 " +"UTF-8。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:616 +msgid "" +"The :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` function returns the encoding to use " +"on your current system, in case you want to do the encoding manually, but " +"there's not much reason to bother. When opening a file for reading or " +"writing, you can usually just provide the Unicode string as the filename, " +"and it will be automatically converted to the right encoding for you::" +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` " +"函数将返回要在当前系统采用的编码，若想手动进行编码时即可用到，但无需多虑。在打开文件进行读写时，通常只需提供 Unicode " +"字符串作为文件名，会自动转换为合适的编码格式：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:622 +msgid "" +"filename = 'filename\\u4500abc'\n" +"with open(filename, 'w') as f:\n" +" f.write('blah\\n')" +msgstr "" +"filename = 'filename\\u4500abc'\n" +"with open(filename, 'w') as f:\n" +" f.write('blah\\n')" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Functions in the :mod:`os` module such as :func:`os.stat` will also accept " +"Unicode filenames." +msgstr ":mod:`os` 模块中的函数也能接受 Unicode 文件名，如 :func:`os.stat` 。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:629 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.listdir` function returns filenames, which raises an issue: " +"should it return the Unicode version of filenames, or should it return bytes" +" containing the encoded versions? :func:`os.listdir` can do both, depending" +" on whether you provided the directory path as bytes or a Unicode string. " +"If you pass a Unicode string as the path, filenames will be decoded using " +"the filesystem's encoding and a list of Unicode strings will be returned, " +"while passing a byte path will return the filenames as bytes. For example, " +"assuming the default :term:`filesystem encoding ` is UTF-8, running the following program::" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.listdir` 函数返回文件名，这引发了一个问题：它应该返回文件名的 Unicode 版本，还是应该返回包含已编码版本的字节串？ " +"这两者 :func:`os.listdir` 都能做到，具体取决于你给出的目录路径是字节串还是 Unicode 字符串形式的。 如果你传入一个 " +"Unicode 字符串作为路径，文件名将使用文件系统的编码格式进行解码并返回一个 Unicode " +"字符串列表，而传入一个字节串形式的路径则将返回字节串形式的文件名。 例如，假定默认 :term:`文件系统编码 ` 为 UTF-8，运行以下程序::" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:639 +msgid "" +"fn = 'filename\\u4500abc'\n" +"f = open(fn, 'w')\n" +"f.close()\n" +"\n" +"import os\n" +"print(os.listdir(b'.'))\n" +"print(os.listdir('.'))" +msgstr "" +"fn = 'filename\\u4500abc'\n" +"f = open(fn, 'w')\n" +"f.close()\n" +"\n" +"import os\n" +"print(os.listdir(b'.'))\n" +"print(os.listdir('.'))" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:647 +msgid "will produce the following output:" +msgstr "将产生以下输出：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:649 +msgid "" +"$ python listdir-test.py\n" +"[b'filename\\xe4\\x94\\x80abc', ...]\n" +"['filename\\u4500abc', ...]" +msgstr "" +"$ python listdir-test.py\n" +"[b'filename\\xe4\\x94\\x80abc', ...]\n" +"['filename\\u4500abc', ...]" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:655 +msgid "" +"The first list contains UTF-8-encoded filenames, and the second list " +"contains the Unicode versions." +msgstr "第一个列表包含 UTF-8 编码的文件名，第二个列表则包含 Unicode 版本的。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:658 +msgid "" +"Note that on most occasions, you should can just stick with using Unicode " +"with these APIs. The bytes APIs should only be used on systems where " +"undecodable file names can be present; that's pretty much only Unix systems " +"now." +msgstr "" +"请注意，大多时候应该坚持用这些 API 处理 Unicode。字节串 API 应该仅用于可能存在不可解码文件名的系统；现在几乎仅剩 Unix 系统了。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:665 +msgid "Tips for Writing Unicode-aware Programs" +msgstr "识别 Unicode 的编程技巧" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:667 +msgid "" +"This section provides some suggestions on writing software that deals with " +"Unicode." +msgstr "本节提供了一些关于编写 Unicode 处理软件的建议。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:670 +msgid "The most important tip is:" +msgstr "最重要的技巧如下：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:672 +msgid "" +"Software should only work with Unicode strings internally, decoding the " +"input data as soon as possible and encoding the output only at the end." +msgstr "程序应只在内部处理 Unicode 字符串，尽快对输入数据进行解码，并只在最后对输出进行编码。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:675 +msgid "" +"If you attempt to write processing functions that accept both Unicode and " +"byte strings, you will find your program vulnerable to bugs wherever you " +"combine the two different kinds of strings. There is no automatic encoding " +"or decoding: if you do e.g. ``str + bytes``, a :exc:`TypeError` will be " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"如果尝试编写的处理函数对 Unicode " +"和字节串形式的字符串都能接受，就会发现组合使用两种不同类型的字符串时，容易产生差错。没办法做到自动编码或解码：如果执行 ``str + " +"bytes``，则会触发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:680 +msgid "" +"When using data coming from a web browser or some other untrusted source, a " +"common technique is to check for illegal characters in a string before using" +" the string in a generated command line or storing it in a database. If " +"you're doing this, be careful to check the decoded string, not the encoded " +"bytes data; some encodings may have interesting properties, such as not " +"being bijective or not being fully ASCII-compatible. This is especially " +"true if the input data also specifies the encoding, since the attacker can " +"then choose a clever way to hide malicious text in the encoded bytestream." +msgstr "" +"当要使用的数据来自 Web " +"浏览器或其他不受信来源时，常用技术是在用该字符串生成命令行之前，或要存入数据库之前，先检查字符串中是否包含非法字符。请仔细检查解码后的字符串，而不是编码格式的字节串数据；有些编码可能具备一些有趣的特性，例如与" +" ASCII 不是一一对应或不完全兼容。如果输入数据还指定了编码格式，则尤其如此，因为攻击者可以选择一种巧妙的方式将恶意文本隐藏在经过编码的字节流中。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:691 +msgid "Converting Between File Encodings" +msgstr "在文件编码格式之间进行转换" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:693 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~codecs.StreamRecoder` class can transparently convert between " +"encodings, taking a stream that returns data in encoding #1 and behaving " +"like a stream returning data in encoding #2." +msgstr "" +":class:`~codecs.StreamRecoder` 类可以在两种编码之间透明地进行转换，参数为编码格式为 #1 " +"的数据流，表现行为则是编码格式为 #2 的数据流。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:697 +msgid "" +"For example, if you have an input file *f* that's in Latin-1, you can wrap " +"it with a :class:`~codecs.StreamRecoder` to return bytes encoded in UTF-8::" +msgstr "" +"假设输入文件 *f* 采用 Latin-1 编码格式，即可用 :class:`~codecs.StreamRecoder` 包装后返回 UTF-8 " +"编码的字节串：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:701 +msgid "" +"new_f = codecs.StreamRecoder(f,\n" +" # en/decoder: used by read() to encode its results and\n" +" # by write() to decode its input.\n" +" codecs.getencoder('utf-8'), codecs.getdecoder('utf-8'),\n" +"\n" +" # reader/writer: used to read and write to the stream.\n" +" codecs.getreader('latin-1'), codecs.getwriter('latin-1') )" +msgstr "" +"new_f = codecs.StreamRecoder(f,\n" +" # en/decoder: 被 read() 用来编码其结果\n" +" # 并被 write() 用来解码其输入。\n" +" codecs.getencoder('utf-8'), codecs.getdecoder('utf-8'),\n" +"\n" +" # reader/writer: 用于读取和写入流。\n" +" codecs.getreader('latin-1'), codecs.getwriter('latin-1') )" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:711 +msgid "Files in an Unknown Encoding" +msgstr "编码格式未知的文件" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:713 +msgid "" +"What can you do if you need to make a change to a file, but don't know the " +"file's encoding? If you know the encoding is ASCII-compatible and only want" +" to examine or modify the ASCII parts, you can open the file with the " +"``surrogateescape`` error handler::" +msgstr "" +"若需对文件进行修改，但不知道文件的编码，那该怎么办呢？如果已知编码格式与 ASCII 兼容，并且只想查看或修改 ASCII 部分，则可利用 " +"``surrogateescape`` 错误处理 handler 打开文件：" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:718 +msgid "" +"with open(fname, 'r', encoding=\"ascii\", errors=\"surrogateescape\") as f:\n" +" data = f.read()\n" +"\n" +"# make changes to the string 'data'\n" +"\n" +"with open(fname + '.new', 'w',\n" +" encoding=\"ascii\", errors=\"surrogateescape\") as f:\n" +" f.write(data)" +msgstr "" +"with open(fname, 'r', encoding=\"ascii\", errors=\"surrogateescape\") as f:\n" +" data = f.read()\n" +"\n" +"# 对字符串“data”进行更改\n" +"\n" +"with open(fname + '.new', 'w',\n" +" encoding=\"ascii\", errors=\"surrogateescape\") as f:\n" +" f.write(data)" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:727 +msgid "" +"The ``surrogateescape`` error handler will decode any non-ASCII bytes as " +"code points in a special range running from U+DC80 to U+DCFF. These code " +"points will then turn back into the same bytes when the ``surrogateescape`` " +"error handler is used to encode the data and write it back out." +msgstr "" +"``surrogateescape`` 错误处理 handler 会把所有非 ASCII 字节解码为 U+DC80 至 U+DCFF " +"这一特殊范围的码位。当 ``surrogateescape`` 错误处理 handler用于数据编码并回写时，这些码位将转换回原样。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:737 +msgid "" +"One section of `Mastering Python 3 Input/Output " +"`_, a " +"PyCon 2010 talk by David Beazley, discusses text processing and binary data " +"handling." +msgstr "" +"David Beazley 在 PyCon 2010 上的演讲 `掌握 Python 3 输入/输出 " +"`_ " +"中，有一节讨论了文本和二进制数据的处理。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:741 +msgid "" +"The `PDF slides for Marc-André Lemburg's presentation \"Writing Unicode-" +"aware Applications in Python\" " +"`_ discuss questions of character encodings as " +"well as how to internationalize and localize an application. These slides " +"cover Python 2.x only." +msgstr "" +"`Marc-André Lemburg 演示的PDF 幻灯片“在 Python 中编写支持 Unicode 的应用程序” " +"`_ ，讨论了字符编码问题以及如何国际化和本地化应用程序。这些幻灯片仅涵盖 Python 2.x。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:747 +msgid "" +"`The Guts of Unicode in Python `_ is a PyCon 2013 talk by Benjamin Peterson that " +"discusses the internal Unicode representation in Python 3.3." +msgstr "" +"`Python Unicode 实质 `_ 是 Benjamin Peterson 在 PyCon 2013 上的演讲，讨论了 Unicode 在 Python 3.3 " +"中的内部表示。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:754 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:756 +msgid "" +"The initial draft of this document was written by Andrew Kuchling. It has " +"since been revised further by Alexander Belopolsky, Georg Brandl, Andrew " +"Kuchling, and Ezio Melotti." +msgstr "" +"本文初稿由 Andrew Kuchling 撰写。此后，Alexander Belopolsky、Georg Brandl、Andrew " +"Kuchling 和 Ezio Melotti 作了进一步修订。" + +#: ../../howto/unicode.rst:760 +msgid "" +"Thanks to the following people who have noted errors or offered suggestions " +"on this article: Éric Araujo, Nicholas Bastin, Nick Coghlan, Marius " +"Gedminas, Kent Johnson, Ken Krugler, Marc-André Lemburg, Martin von Löwis, " +"Terry J. Reedy, Serhiy Storchaka, Eryk Sun, Chad Whitacre, Graham Wideman." +msgstr "" +"感谢以下各位指出本文错误或提出建议：Éric Araujo、Nicholas Bastin、Nick Coghlan、Marius " +"Gedminas、Kent Johnson、Ken Krugler、Marc-André Lemburg、Martin von Löwis、Terry " +"J. Reedy、Serhiy Storchaka , Eryk Sun, Chad Whitacre, Graham Wideman。" diff --git a/howto/urllib2.po b/howto/urllib2.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8f9c6f6c --- /dev/null +++ b/howto/urllib2.po @@ -0,0 +1,1187 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# 钢 彭 , 2021 +# Yi Cao <1783250036@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:5 +msgid "HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Package" +msgstr "如何利用 urllib 包获取网络资源" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:7 +msgid "`Michael Foord `_" +msgstr "`Michael Foord `_" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:11 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:15 +msgid "" +"You may also find useful the following article on fetching web resources " +"with Python:" +msgstr "关于如何用 Python 获取 web 资源，以下文章或许也很有用：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:18 +msgid "" +"`Basic Authentication " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`基本身份认证 " +"`_" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:20 +msgid "A tutorial on *Basic Authentication*, with examples in Python." +msgstr "*基本认证* 的教程，带有一些 Python 示例。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:22 +msgid "" +"**urllib.request** is a Python module for fetching URLs (Uniform Resource " +"Locators). It offers a very simple interface, in the form of the *urlopen* " +"function. This is capable of fetching URLs using a variety of different " +"protocols. It also offers a slightly more complex interface for handling " +"common situations - like basic authentication, cookies, proxies and so on. " +"These are provided by objects called handlers and openers." +msgstr "" +"**urllib.request** 是用于获取 URL （统一资源定位符）的 Python 模块。它以 *urlopen* " +"函数的形式提供了一个非常简单的接口，能用不同的协议获取 " +"URL。同时它还为处理各种常见情形提供了一个稍微复杂一些的接口——比如：基础身份认证、cookies、代理等等。这些功能是由名为 handlers 和 " +"opener 的对象提供的。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:29 +msgid "" +"urllib.request supports fetching URLs for many \"URL schemes\" (identified " +"by the string before the ``\":\"`` in URL - for example ``\"ftp\"`` is the " +"URL scheme of ``\"ftp://python.org/\"``) using their associated network " +"protocols (e.g. FTP, HTTP). This tutorial focuses on the most common case, " +"HTTP." +msgstr "" +"urllib.request 支持多种 \"URL 方案\" （通过 URL中 ``\":\"`` 之前的字符串加以区分——如 " +"``\"ftp://python.org/\"`` 中的 ``\"ftp\"``）即为采用其关联网络协议（FTP、HTTP 之类）的 URL 方案 " +"。本教程重点关注最常用的 HTTP 场景。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:34 +msgid "" +"For straightforward situations *urlopen* is very easy to use. But as soon as" +" you encounter errors or non-trivial cases when opening HTTP URLs, you will " +"need some understanding of the HyperText Transfer Protocol. The most " +"comprehensive and authoritative reference to HTTP is :rfc:`2616`. This is a " +"technical document and not intended to be easy to read. This HOWTO aims to " +"illustrate using *urllib*, with enough detail about HTTP to help you " +"through. It is not intended to replace the :mod:`urllib.request` docs, but " +"is supplementary to them." +msgstr "" +"对于简单场景而言， *urlopen* 用起来十分容易。但只要在打开 HTTP URL " +"时遇到错误或非常情况，就需要对超文本传输协议有所了解才行。最全面、最权威的 HTTP 参考是 :rfc:`2616` " +"。那是一份技术文档，并没有追求可读性。本 文旨在说明 *urllib* 的用法，为了便于阅读也附带了足够详细的 HTTP 信息。本文并不是为了替代 " +":mod:`urllib.request` 文档，只是其补充说明而已。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:44 +msgid "Fetching URLs" +msgstr "获取 URL 资源" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:46 +msgid "The simplest way to use urllib.request is as follows::" +msgstr "urllib.request 最简单的使用方式如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:48 +msgid "" +"import urllib.request\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/') as response:\n" +" html = response.read()" +msgstr "" +"import urllib.request\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/') as response:\n" +" html = response.read()" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:52 +msgid "" +"If you wish to retrieve a resource via URL and store it in a temporary " +"location, you can do so via the :func:`shutil.copyfileobj` and " +":func:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` functions::" +msgstr "" +"如果想通过 URL 获取资源并临时存储一下，可以采用 :func:`shutil.copyfileobj` 和 " +":func:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` 函数：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:56 +msgid "" +"import shutil\n" +"import tempfile\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/') as response:\n" +" with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as tmp_file:\n" +" shutil.copyfileobj(response, tmp_file)\n" +"\n" +"with open(tmp_file.name) as html:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"import shutil\n" +"import tempfile\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/') as response:\n" +" with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as tmp_file:\n" +" shutil.copyfileobj(response, tmp_file)\n" +"\n" +"with open(tmp_file.name) as html:\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Many uses of urllib will be that simple (note that instead of an 'http:' URL" +" we could have used a URL starting with 'ftp:', 'file:', etc.). However, " +"it's the purpose of this tutorial to explain the more complicated cases, " +"concentrating on HTTP." +msgstr "" +"urllib 的很多用法就是这么简单（注意 URL 不仅可以 http: 开头，还可以是 ftp: 、file: " +"等）。不过本教程的目的是介绍更加复杂的应用场景，重点还是关注 HTTP。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:72 +msgid "" +"HTTP is based on requests and responses - the client makes requests and " +"servers send responses. urllib.request mirrors this with a ``Request`` " +"object which represents the HTTP request you are making. In its simplest " +"form you create a Request object that specifies the URL you want to fetch. " +"Calling ``urlopen`` with this Request object returns a response object for " +"the URL requested. This response is a file-like object, which means you can " +"for example call ``.read()`` on the response::" +msgstr "" +"HTTP 以请求和响应为基础——客户端生成请求，服务器发送响应。urllib.request 用 ``Request`` 对象来表示要生成的 HTTP " +"请求。最简单的形式就是创建一个 Request 对象，指定了想要获取的 URL。用这个 Request 对象作为参数调用 ``urlopen`` " +"，将会返回该 URL 的响应对象。响应对象类似于文件对象，就是说可以对其调用 ``.read()`` 之类的命令：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:80 +msgid "" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:\n" +" the_page = response.read()" +msgstr "" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:\n" +" the_page = response.read()" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Note that urllib.request makes use of the same Request interface to handle " +"all URL schemes. For example, you can make an FTP request like so::" +msgstr "请注意，urllib.request 用同一个 Request 接口处理所有 URL 方案。比如可生成 FTP 请求如下：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:89 +msgid "req = urllib.request.Request('ftp://example.com/')" +msgstr "req = urllib.request.Request('ftp://example.com/')" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:91 +msgid "" +"In the case of HTTP, there are two extra things that Request objects allow " +"you to do: First, you can pass data to be sent to the server. Second, you " +"can pass extra information (\"metadata\") *about* the data or about the " +"request itself, to the server - this information is sent as HTTP " +"\"headers\". Let's look at each of these in turn." +msgstr "" +"就 HTTP 而言，Request 对象能够做两件额外的事情：首先可以把数据传给服务器。其次，可以将 *有关* " +"数据或请求本身的额外信息（metadata）传给服务器——这些信息将会作为 HTTP “头部”数据发送。下面依次看下。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:98 +msgid "Data" +msgstr "数据" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want to send data to a URL (often the URL will refer to a CGI " +"(Common Gateway Interface) script or other web application). With HTTP, this" +" is often done using what's known as a **POST** request. This is often what " +"your browser does when you submit a HTML form that you filled in on the web." +" Not all POSTs have to come from forms: you can use a POST to transmit " +"arbitrary data to your own application. In the common case of HTML forms, " +"the data needs to be encoded in a standard way, and then passed to the " +"Request object as the ``data`` argument. The encoding is done using a " +"function from the :mod:`urllib.parse` library. ::" +msgstr "" +"有时需要向某个 URL 发送数据，通常此 URL 会指向某个CGI（通用网关接口）脚本或其他 web 应用。对于 HTTP 而言，这通常会用所谓的 " +"**POST** 请求来完成。当要把 Web 页填写的 HTML 表单提交时，浏览器通常会执行此操作。但并不是所有的 POST 都来自表单：可以用 " +"POST 方式传输任何数据到自己的应用上。对于通常的 HTML 表单，数据需要以标准的方式编码，然后作为 ``data`` 参数传给 Request " +"对象。编码过程是用 :mod:`urllib.parse` 库的函数完成的：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:110 +msgid "" +"import urllib.parse\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'\n" +"values = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',\n" +" 'location' : 'Northampton',\n" +" 'language' : 'Python' }\n" +"\n" +"data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)\n" +"data = data.encode('ascii') # data should be bytes\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:\n" +" the_page = response.read()" +msgstr "" +"import urllib.parse\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'\n" +"values = {'name' : 'Michael Foord',\n" +" 'location' : 'Northampton',\n" +" 'language' : 'Python' }\n" +"\n" +"data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)\n" +"data = data.encode('ascii') # 数据应为字节串\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:\n" +" the_page = response.read()" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Note that other encodings are sometimes required (e.g. for file upload from " +"HTML forms - see `HTML Specification, Form Submission " +"`_ for more " +"details)." +msgstr "" +"请注意，有时还需要采用其他编码，比如由 HTML 表单上传文件——更多细节请参见 `HTML 规范，提交表单 " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:129 +msgid "" +"If you do not pass the ``data`` argument, urllib uses a **GET** request. One" +" way in which GET and POST requests differ is that POST requests often have " +"\"side-effects\": they change the state of the system in some way (for " +"example by placing an order with the website for a hundredweight of tinned " +"spam to be delivered to your door). Though the HTTP standard makes it clear" +" that POSTs are intended to *always* cause side-effects, and GET requests " +"*never* to cause side-effects, nothing prevents a GET request from having " +"side-effects, nor a POST requests from having no side-effects. Data can also" +" be passed in an HTTP GET request by encoding it in the URL itself." +msgstr "" +"如果不传递 ``data`` 参数，urllib 将采用 **GET** 请求。GET 和 POST 请求有一点不同，POST " +"请求往往具有“副作用”，他们会以某种方式改变系统的状态。例如，从网站下一个订单，购买一大堆罐装垃圾并运送到家。 尽管 HTTP 标准明确指出 POST " +"*总是* 要导致副作用，而 GET 请求 *从来不会* 导致副作用。但没有什么办法能阻止 GET 和 POST 请求的副作用。数据也可以在 HTTP " +"GET 请求中传递，只要把数据编码到 URL 中即可。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:139 +msgid "This is done as follows::" +msgstr "做法如下所示：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:141 +msgid "" +">>> import urllib.request\n" +">>> import urllib.parse\n" +">>> data = {}\n" +">>> data['name'] = 'Somebody Here'\n" +">>> data['location'] = 'Northampton'\n" +">>> data['language'] = 'Python'\n" +">>> url_values = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)\n" +">>> print(url_values) # The order may differ from below.\n" +"name=Somebody+Here&language=Python&location=Northampton\n" +">>> url = 'http://www.example.com/example.cgi'\n" +">>> full_url = url + '?' + url_values\n" +">>> data = urllib.request.urlopen(full_url)" +msgstr "" +">>> import urllib.request\n" +">>> import urllib.parse\n" +">>> data = {}\n" +">>> data['name'] = 'Somebody Here'\n" +">>> data['location'] = 'Northampton'\n" +">>> data['language'] = 'Python'\n" +">>> url_values = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)\n" +">>> print(url_values) # The order may differ from below.\n" +"name=Somebody+Here&language=Python&location=Northampton\n" +">>> url = 'http://www.example.com/example.cgi'\n" +">>> full_url = url + '?' + url_values\n" +">>> data = urllib.request.urlopen(full_url)" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Notice that the full URL is created by adding a ``?`` to the URL, followed " +"by the encoded values." +msgstr "请注意，完整的 URL 是通过在其中添加 ``?`` 创建的，后面跟着经过编码的数据。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:158 +msgid "Headers" +msgstr "HTTP 头部信息" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:160 +msgid "" +"We'll discuss here one particular HTTP header, to illustrate how to add " +"headers to your HTTP request." +msgstr "下面介绍一个具体的 HTTP 头部信息，以此说明如何在 HTTP 请求加入头部信息。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Some websites [#]_ dislike being browsed by programs, or send different " +"versions to different browsers [#]_. By default urllib identifies itself as " +"``Python-urllib/x.y`` (where ``x`` and ``y`` are the major and minor version" +" numbers of the Python release, e.g. ``Python-urllib/2.5``), which may " +"confuse the site, or just plain not work. The way a browser identifies " +"itself is through the ``User-Agent`` header [#]_. When you create a Request " +"object you can pass a dictionary of headers in. The following example makes " +"the same request as above, but identifies itself as a version of Internet " +"Explorer [#]_. ::" +msgstr "" +"有些网站 [#]_ 不愿被程序浏览到，或者要向不同的浏览器发送不同版本 [#]_ 的网页。默认情况下，urllib 将自身标识为“Python-" +"urllib/xy”（其中 ``x`` 、 ``y`` 是 Python 版本的主、次版本号，例如 ``Python-" +"urllib/2.5``），这可能会让网站不知所措，或者干脆就使其无法正常工作。浏览器是通过头部信息 ``User-Agent`` [#]_ " +"来标识自己的。在创建 Request 对象时，可以传入字典形式的头部信息。以下示例将生成与之前相同的请求，只是将自身标识为某个版本的 Internet " +"Explorer [#]_ ：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:174 +msgid "" +"import urllib.parse\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'\n" +"user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)'\n" +"values = {'name': 'Michael Foord',\n" +" 'location': 'Northampton',\n" +" 'language': 'Python' }\n" +"headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}\n" +"\n" +"data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)\n" +"data = data.encode('ascii')\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:\n" +" the_page = response.read()" +msgstr "" +"import urllib.parse\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"url = 'http://www.someserver.com/cgi-bin/register.cgi'\n" +"user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)'\n" +"values = {'name': 'Michael Foord',\n" +" 'location': 'Northampton',\n" +" 'language': 'Python' }\n" +"headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}\n" +"\n" +"data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)\n" +"data = data.encode('ascii')\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)\n" +"with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:\n" +" the_page = response.read()" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:190 +msgid "" +"The response also has two useful methods. See the section on `info and " +"geturl`_ which comes after we have a look at what happens when things go " +"wrong." +msgstr "响应对象也有两个很有用的方法。请参阅有关 `info 和 geturl`_ 部分，了解出现问题时会发生什么。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:195 +msgid "Handling Exceptions" +msgstr "异常的处理" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:197 +msgid "" +"*urlopen* raises :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` when it cannot handle a " +"response (though as usual with Python APIs, built-in exceptions such as " +":exc:`ValueError`, :exc:`TypeError` etc. may also be raised)." +msgstr "" +"当 *urlopen* 无法处理响应信息时将会引发 :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` (当然与 Python API " +"通常的情况一样，也可能会引发如 :exc:`ValueError`, :exc:`TypeError` 之类的内置异常)。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:201 +msgid "" +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` is the subclass of " +":exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` raised in the specific case of HTTP URLs." +msgstr "" +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` 是在 HTTP URL 的特定情况下引发的 " +":exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:204 +msgid "" +"The exception classes are exported from the :mod:`urllib.error` module." +msgstr "上述异常类是从 :mod:`urllib.error` 模块中导出的。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:207 +msgid "URLError" +msgstr "URLError" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Often, URLError is raised because there is no network connection (no route " +"to the specified server), or the specified server doesn't exist. In this " +"case, the exception raised will have a 'reason' attribute, which is a tuple " +"containing an error code and a text error message." +msgstr "" +"触发 URLError 的原因，通常是网络不通（或者没有到指定服务器的路由），或者指定的服务器不存在。这时触发的异常会带有一个 reason " +"属性，是一个包含错误代码和文本错误信息的元组。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:214 +msgid "e.g. ::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:216 +msgid "" +">>> req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.pretend_server.org')\n" +">>> try: urllib.request.urlopen(req)\n" +"... except urllib.error.URLError as e:\n" +"... print(e.reason)\n" +"...\n" +"(4, 'getaddrinfo failed')" +msgstr "" +">>> req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.pretend_server.org')\n" +">>> try: urllib.request.urlopen(req)\n" +"... except urllib.error.URLError as e:\n" +"... print(e.reason)\n" +"...\n" +"(4, 'getaddrinfo failed')" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:225 +msgid "HTTPError" +msgstr "HTTPError" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Every HTTP response from the server contains a numeric \"status code\". " +"Sometimes the status code indicates that the server is unable to fulfil the " +"request. The default handlers will handle some of these responses for you " +"(for example, if the response is a \"redirection\" that requests the client " +"fetch the document from a different URL, urllib will handle that for you). " +"For those it can't handle, urlopen will raise an " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError`. Typical errors include '404' (page not " +"found), '403' (request forbidden), and '401' (authentication required)." +msgstr "" +"来自服务器的每个 HTTP 响应都包含一个数字形式的“状态码”。 " +"有时该状态码表明服务器无法完成请求。默认的处理器将会为你处理其中的部分响应（例如，当响应为要求客户端从另一 URL " +"获取文档的“重定向”响应时，urllib 将为你处理该响应）。 对于无法处理的响应，urlopen 将会引发 " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError`。 典型的错误包括 \"404\"（页面未找到）、\"403\"（请求遭拒）和 " +"\"401\"（需要身份认证）等。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:235 +msgid "" +"See section 10 of :rfc:`2616` for a reference on all the HTTP error codes." +msgstr "全部的 HTTP 错误码请参阅 :rfc:`2616` 。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:237 +msgid "" +"The :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` instance raised will have an integer " +"'code' attribute, which corresponds to the error sent by the server." +msgstr "" +"被引发的 :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` 实例将有一个整数形式的 'code' 属性，对应于服务器发送的错误信息。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:241 +msgid "Error Codes" +msgstr "错误代码" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Because the default handlers handle redirects (codes in the 300 range), and " +"codes in the 100--299 range indicate success, you will usually only see " +"error codes in the 400--599 range." +msgstr "" +"由于默认处理函数会自行处理重定向（300 以内的错误码），而且 100--299 的状态码表示成功，因此通常只会出现 400--599 的错误码。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:247 +msgid "" +":attr:`http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.responses` is a useful dictionary " +"of response codes in that shows all the response codes used by :rfc:`2616`. " +"The dictionary is reproduced here for convenience ::" +msgstr "" +":attr:`http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.responses` 是很有用的响应码字典，其中给出了 " +":rfc:`2616` 用到的所有响应代码。为方便起见，将此字典转载如下：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:251 +msgid "" +"# Table mapping response codes to messages; entries have the\n" +"# form {code: (shortmessage, longmessage)}.\n" +"responses = {\n" +" 100: ('Continue', 'Request received, please continue'),\n" +" 101: ('Switching Protocols',\n" +" 'Switching to new protocol; obey Upgrade header'),\n" +"\n" +" 200: ('OK', 'Request fulfilled, document follows'),\n" +" 201: ('Created', 'Document created, URL follows'),\n" +" 202: ('Accepted',\n" +" 'Request accepted, processing continues off-line'),\n" +" 203: ('Non-Authoritative Information', 'Request fulfilled from cache'),\n" +" 204: ('No Content', 'Request fulfilled, nothing follows'),\n" +" 205: ('Reset Content', 'Clear input form for further input.'),\n" +" 206: ('Partial Content', 'Partial content follows.'),\n" +"\n" +" 300: ('Multiple Choices',\n" +" 'Object has several resources -- see URI list'),\n" +" 301: ('Moved Permanently', 'Object moved permanently -- see URI list'),\n" +" 302: ('Found', 'Object moved temporarily -- see URI list'),\n" +" 303: ('See Other', 'Object moved -- see Method and URL list'),\n" +" 304: ('Not Modified',\n" +" 'Document has not changed since given time'),\n" +" 305: ('Use Proxy',\n" +" 'You must use proxy specified in Location to access this '\n" +" 'resource.'),\n" +" 307: ('Temporary Redirect',\n" +" 'Object moved temporarily -- see URI list'),\n" +"\n" +" 400: ('Bad Request',\n" +" 'Bad request syntax or unsupported method'),\n" +" 401: ('Unauthorized',\n" +" 'No permission -- see authorization schemes'),\n" +" 402: ('Payment Required',\n" +" 'No payment -- see charging schemes'),\n" +" 403: ('Forbidden',\n" +" 'Request forbidden -- authorization will not help'),\n" +" 404: ('Not Found', 'Nothing matches the given URI'),\n" +" 405: ('Method Not Allowed',\n" +" 'Specified method is invalid for this server.'),\n" +" 406: ('Not Acceptable', 'URI not available in preferred format.'),\n" +" 407: ('Proxy Authentication Required', 'You must authenticate with '\n" +" 'this proxy before proceeding.'),\n" +" 408: ('Request Timeout', 'Request timed out; try again later.'),\n" +" 409: ('Conflict', 'Request conflict.'),\n" +" 410: ('Gone',\n" +" 'URI no longer exists and has been permanently removed.'),\n" +" 411: ('Length Required', 'Client must specify Content-Length.'),\n" +" 412: ('Precondition Failed', 'Precondition in headers is false.'),\n" +" 413: ('Request Entity Too Large', 'Entity is too large.'),\n" +" 414: ('Request-URI Too Long', 'URI is too long.'),\n" +" 415: ('Unsupported Media Type', 'Entity body in unsupported format.'),\n" +" 416: ('Requested Range Not Satisfiable',\n" +" 'Cannot satisfy request range.'),\n" +" 417: ('Expectation Failed',\n" +" 'Expect condition could not be satisfied.'),\n" +"\n" +" 500: ('Internal Server Error', 'Server got itself in trouble'),\n" +" 501: ('Not Implemented',\n" +" 'Server does not support this operation'),\n" +" 502: ('Bad Gateway', 'Invalid responses from another server/proxy.'),\n" +" 503: ('Service Unavailable',\n" +" 'The server cannot process the request due to a high load'),\n" +" 504: ('Gateway Timeout',\n" +" 'The gateway server did not receive a timely response'),\n" +" 505: ('HTTP Version Not Supported', 'Cannot fulfill request.'),\n" +" }" +msgstr "" +"# 响应代码到消息的映射表；条目的形式为\n" +"# {代码: (简短消息, 详细消息)}。\n" +"responses = {\n" +" 100: ('Continue', 'Request received, please continue'),\n" +" 101: ('Switching Protocols',\n" +" 'Switching to new protocol; obey Upgrade header'),\n" +"\n" +" 200: ('OK', 'Request fulfilled, document follows'),\n" +" 201: ('Created', 'Document created, URL follows'),\n" +" 202: ('Accepted',\n" +" 'Request accepted, processing continues off-line'),\n" +" 203: ('Non-Authoritative Information', 'Request fulfilled from cache'),\n" +" 204: ('No Content', 'Request fulfilled, nothing follows'),\n" +" 205: ('Reset Content', 'Clear input form for further input.'),\n" +" 206: ('Partial Content', 'Partial content follows.'),\n" +"\n" +" 300: ('Multiple Choices',\n" +" 'Object has several resources -- see URI list'),\n" +" 301: ('Moved Permanently', 'Object moved permanently -- see URI list'),\n" +" 302: ('Found', 'Object moved temporarily -- see URI list'),\n" +" 303: ('See Other', 'Object moved -- see Method and URL list'),\n" +" 304: ('Not Modified',\n" +" 'Document has not changed since given time'),\n" +" 305: ('Use Proxy',\n" +" 'You must use proxy specified in Location to access this '\n" +" 'resource.'),\n" +" 307: ('Temporary Redirect',\n" +" 'Object moved temporarily -- see URI list'),\n" +"\n" +" 400: ('Bad Request',\n" +" 'Bad request syntax or unsupported method'),\n" +" 401: ('Unauthorized',\n" +" 'No permission -- see authorization schemes'),\n" +" 402: ('Payment Required',\n" +" 'No payment -- see charging schemes'),\n" +" 403: ('Forbidden',\n" +" 'Request forbidden -- authorization will not help'),\n" +" 404: ('Not Found', 'Nothing matches the given URI'),\n" +" 405: ('Method Not Allowed',\n" +" 'Specified method is invalid for this server.'),\n" +" 406: ('Not Acceptable', 'URI not available in preferred format.'),\n" +" 407: ('Proxy Authentication Required', 'You must authenticate with '\n" +" 'this proxy before proceeding.'),\n" +" 408: ('Request Timeout', 'Request timed out; try again later.'),\n" +" 409: ('Conflict', 'Request conflict.'),\n" +" 410: ('Gone',\n" +" 'URI no longer exists and has been permanently removed.'),\n" +" 411: ('Length Required', 'Client must specify Content-Length.'),\n" +" 412: ('Precondition Failed', 'Precondition in headers is false.'),\n" +" 413: ('Request Entity Too Large', 'Entity is too large.'),\n" +" 414: ('Request-URI Too Long', 'URI is too long.'),\n" +" 415: ('Unsupported Media Type', 'Entity body in unsupported format.'),\n" +" 416: ('Requested Range Not Satisfiable',\n" +" 'Cannot satisfy request range.'),\n" +" 417: ('Expectation Failed',\n" +" 'Expect condition could not be satisfied.'),\n" +"\n" +" 500: ('Internal Server Error', 'Server got itself in trouble'),\n" +" 501: ('Not Implemented',\n" +" 'Server does not support this operation'),\n" +" 502: ('Bad Gateway', 'Invalid responses from another server/proxy.'),\n" +" 503: ('Service Unavailable',\n" +" 'The server cannot process the request due to a high load'),\n" +" 504: ('Gateway Timeout',\n" +" 'The gateway server did not receive a timely response'),\n" +" 505: ('HTTP Version Not Supported', 'Cannot fulfill request.'),\n" +" }" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:319 +msgid "" +"When an error is raised the server responds by returning an HTTP error code " +"*and* an error page. You can use the :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` instance" +" as a response on the page returned. This means that as well as the code " +"attribute, it also has read, geturl, and info, methods as returned by the " +"``urllib.response`` module::" +msgstr "" +"当错误被引发时服务器会通过返回 HTTP 错误码 *和* 错误页面进行响应。 你可以在返回的页面上使用 " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` 实例作为响应。 这意味着除了 code 属性之外，它还像 " +"``urllib.response`` 模块: 所返回对象那样具有 read, geturl 和 info 等方法::" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:324 +msgid "" +">>> req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html')\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... urllib.request.urlopen(req)\n" +"... except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:\n" +"... print(e.code)\n" +"... print(e.read())\n" +"...\n" +"404\n" +"b'\\n\\n\\nPage Not Found\\n\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +">>> req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html')\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... urllib.request.urlopen(req)\n" +"... except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:\n" +"... print(e.code)\n" +"... print(e.read())\n" +"...\n" +"404\n" +"b'\\n\\n\\nPage Not Found\\n\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:339 +msgid "Wrapping it Up" +msgstr "总之" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:341 +msgid "" +"So if you want to be prepared for :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` *or* " +":exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` there are two basic approaches. I prefer the " +"second approach." +msgstr "" +"因此当你想为 :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` *或* :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` " +"做好准备时有两种基本的方案。 我更倾向使用第二种方案。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:345 +msgid "Number 1" +msgstr "第一种方案" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:350 +msgid "" +"from urllib.request import Request, urlopen\n" +"from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError\n" +"req = Request(someurl)\n" +"try:\n" +" response = urlopen(req)\n" +"except HTTPError as e:\n" +" print('The server couldn\\'t fulfill the request.')\n" +" print('Error code: ', e.code)\n" +"except URLError as e:\n" +" print('We failed to reach a server.')\n" +" print('Reason: ', e.reason)\n" +"else:\n" +" # everything is fine" +msgstr "" +"from urllib.request import Request, urlopen\n" +"from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError\n" +"req = Request(someurl)\n" +"try:\n" +" response = urlopen(req)\n" +"except HTTPError as e:\n" +" print('The server couldn\\'t fulfill the request.')\n" +" print('Error code: ', e.code)\n" +"except URLError as e:\n" +" print('We failed to reach a server.')\n" +" print('Reason: ', e.reason)\n" +"else:\n" +" # 一切正常" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:367 +msgid "" +"The ``except HTTPError`` *must* come first, otherwise ``except URLError`` " +"will *also* catch an :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError`." +msgstr "" +"``except HTTPError`` *必须* 首先被处理，否则 ``except URLError`` 将会 *同时* 捕获 " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError`。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:371 +msgid "Number 2" +msgstr "第二种方案" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:375 +msgid "" +"from urllib.request import Request, urlopen\n" +"from urllib.error import URLError\n" +"req = Request(someurl)\n" +"try:\n" +" response = urlopen(req)\n" +"except URLError as e:\n" +" if hasattr(e, 'reason'):\n" +" print('We failed to reach a server.')\n" +" print('Reason: ', e.reason)\n" +" elif hasattr(e, 'code'):\n" +" print('The server couldn\\'t fulfill the request.')\n" +" print('Error code: ', e.code)\n" +"else:\n" +" # everything is fine" +msgstr "" +"from urllib.request import Request, urlopen\n" +"from urllib.error import URLError\n" +"req = Request(someurl)\n" +"try:\n" +" response = urlopen(req)\n" +"except URLError as e:\n" +" if hasattr(e, 'reason'):\n" +" print('We failed to reach a server.')\n" +" print('Reason: ', e.reason)\n" +" elif hasattr(e, 'code'):\n" +" print('The server couldn\\'t fulfill the request.')\n" +" print('Error code: ', e.code)\n" +"else:\n" +" # 一切正常" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:392 +msgid "info and geturl" +msgstr "info 和 geturl 方法" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:394 +msgid "" +"The response returned by urlopen (or the :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` " +"instance) has two useful methods :meth:`!info` and :meth:`!geturl` and is " +"defined in the module :mod:`urllib.response`." +msgstr "" +"urlopen 返回的响应（或 :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` 实例）包含两个有用的方法 :meth:`!info` 和 " +":meth:`!geturl` 并且是在 :mod:`urllib.response` 模块中定义的。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:398 +msgid "" +"**geturl** - this returns the real URL of the page fetched. This is useful " +"because ``urlopen`` (or the opener object used) may have followed a " +"redirect. The URL of the page fetched may not be the same as the URL " +"requested." +msgstr "" +"**geturl** ——返回所获取页面的真实 URL。该方法很有用，因为 ``urlopen`` （或 opener " +"对象）可能已经经过了一次重定向。已获取页面的 URL 未必就是所请求的 URL 。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:402 +msgid "" +"**info** - this returns a dictionary-like object that describes the page " +"fetched, particularly the headers sent by the server. It is currently an " +":class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` instance." +msgstr "" +"**info** - 该方法返回一个类似字典的对象，描述了所获取的页面，特别是由服务器送出的头部信息（headers） 。目前它是一个 " +":class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` 实例。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Typical headers include 'Content-length', 'Content-type', and so on. See the" +" `Quick Reference to HTTP Headers `_ for a " +"useful listing of HTTP headers with brief explanations of their meaning and " +"use." +msgstr "" +"典型的标头包括 'Content-length', 'Content-type' 等等。 请参阅 `HTTP 标头快速参考 " +"`_ 获取 HTTP 标头的完整列表及其含义和用法的简要说明。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:413 +msgid "Openers and Handlers" +msgstr "Opener 和 Handler" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:415 +msgid "" +"When you fetch a URL you use an opener (an instance of the perhaps " +"confusingly named :class:`urllib.request.OpenerDirector`). Normally we have " +"been using the default opener - via ``urlopen`` - but you can create custom " +"openers. Openers use handlers. All the \"heavy lifting\" is done by the " +"handlers. Each handler knows how to open URLs for a particular URL scheme " +"(http, ftp, etc.), or how to handle an aspect of URL opening, for example " +"HTTP redirections or HTTP cookies." +msgstr "" +"当你获取 URL 时会使用一个 opener (名称可能有些令人困惑的 :class:`urllib.request.OpenerDirector` " +"的实例)。 通常我们会使用默认的 opener —— 通过 ``urlopen`` —— 但你也可以创建自定义的 opener。 opener 还会用到" +" handler。 所有 \"繁重工作\" 都是由 handler 来完成的。 每种 handler 都知道要以何种 URL 方案 (http, ftp" +" 等等) 来打开特定的 URL，或是如何处理 URL 打开时的特定操作，例如 HTTP 重定向或 HTTP cookie 等。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:423 +msgid "" +"You will want to create openers if you want to fetch URLs with specific " +"handlers installed, for example to get an opener that handles cookies, or to" +" get an opener that does not handle redirections." +msgstr "" +"若要用已安装的某个 handler 获取 URL，需要创建一个 opener 对象，例如处理 cookie 的 opener，或对重定向不做处理的 " +"opener。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:427 +msgid "" +"To create an opener, instantiate an ``OpenerDirector``, and then call " +"``.add_handler(some_handler_instance)`` repeatedly." +msgstr "" +"若要创建 opener，请实例化一个 ``OpenerDirector`` ，然后重复调用 " +"``.add_handler(some_handler_instance)`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:430 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, you can use ``build_opener``, which is a convenience function" +" for creating opener objects with a single function call. ``build_opener`` " +"adds several handlers by default, but provides a quick way to add more " +"and/or override the default handlers." +msgstr "" +"或者也可以用 ``build_opener`` ，这是个用单次调用创建 opener 对象的便捷函数。``build_opener`` 默认会添加几个" +" handler，不过还提供了一种快速添加和/或覆盖默认 handler 的方法。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Other sorts of handlers you might want to can handle proxies, " +"authentication, and other common but slightly specialised situations." +msgstr "可能还需要其他类型的 handler，以便处理代理、身份认证和其他常见但稍微特殊的情况。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:438 +msgid "" +"``install_opener`` can be used to make an ``opener`` object the (global) " +"default opener. This means that calls to ``urlopen`` will use the opener you" +" have installed." +msgstr "" +"``install_opener`` 可用于让 ``opener`` 对象成为（全局）默认 opener。这意味着调用 ``urlopen`` " +"时会采用已安装的 opener。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Opener objects have an ``open`` method, which can be called directly to " +"fetch urls in the same way as the ``urlopen`` function: there's no need to " +"call ``install_opener``, except as a convenience." +msgstr "" +"opener 对象带有一个 ```open`` 方法，可供直接调用以获取 url，方式与 ``urlopen`` " +"函数相同。除非是为了调用方便，否则没必要去调用 ``install_opener`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:448 +msgid "Basic Authentication" +msgstr "基本认证" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:450 +msgid "" +"To illustrate creating and installing a handler we will use the " +"``HTTPBasicAuthHandler``. For a more detailed discussion of this subject -- " +"including an explanation of how Basic Authentication works - see the `Basic " +"Authentication Tutorial " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"为了说明 handler 的创建和安装过程我们将使用 ``HTTPBasicAuthHandler``。 有关该主题的更详细讨论 -- " +"包括对基本身份认证的原理的阐述 -- 请参阅 `Basic Authentication Tutorial " +"`__。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:456 +msgid "" +"When authentication is required, the server sends a header (as well as the " +"401 error code) requesting authentication. This specifies the " +"authentication scheme and a 'realm'. The header looks like: ``WWW-" +"Authenticate: SCHEME realm=\"REALM\"``." +msgstr "" +"如果需要身份认证，服务器会发送一条请求身份认证的头部信息（以及 401 " +"错误代码）。这条信息中指明了身份认证方式和“安全区域（realm）”。格式如下所示：``WWW-Authenticate: SCHEME " +"realm=\"REALM\"`` 。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:461 +msgid "e.g." +msgstr "例如" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:463 +msgid "WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"cPanel Users\"" +msgstr "WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"cPanel Users\"" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:468 +msgid "" +"The client should then retry the request with the appropriate name and " +"password for the realm included as a header in the request. This is 'basic " +"authentication'. In order to simplify this process we can create an instance" +" of ``HTTPBasicAuthHandler`` and an opener to use this handler." +msgstr "" +"然后，客户端应重试发起请求，请求数据中的头部信息应包含安全区域对应的用户名和密码。这就是“基本身份认证”。为了简化此过程，可以创建 " +"``HTTPBasicAuthHandler`` 的一个实例及使用它的 opener。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:473 +msgid "" +"The ``HTTPBasicAuthHandler`` uses an object called a password manager to " +"handle the mapping of URLs and realms to passwords and usernames. If you " +"know what the realm is (from the authentication header sent by the server), " +"then you can use a ``HTTPPasswordMgr``. Frequently one doesn't care what the" +" realm is. In that case, it is convenient to use " +"``HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm``. This allows you to specify a default " +"username and password for a URL. This will be supplied in the absence of you" +" providing an alternative combination for a specific realm. We indicate this" +" by providing ``None`` as the realm argument to the ``add_password`` method." +msgstr "" +"``HTTPBasicAuthHandler`` 用一个名为密码管理器的对象来管理 " +"URL、安全区域与密码、用户名之间的映射关系。如果知道确切的安全区域（来自服务器发送的身份认证头部信息），那就可以用到 " +"``HTTPPasswordMgr`` 。通常人们并不关心安全区域是什么，这时用 ``HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm``" +" 就很方便，允许为 URL 指定默认的用户名和密码。当没有为某个安全区域提供用户名和密码时，就会用到默认值。下面用 ``None`` 作为 " +"``add_password`` 方法的安全区域参数，表明采用默认用户名和密码。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:483 +msgid "" +"The top-level URL is the first URL that requires authentication. URLs " +"\"deeper\" than the URL you pass to .add_password() will also match. ::" +msgstr "首先需要身份认证的是顶级 URL。比传给 .add_password() 的 URL 级别“更深”的 URL 也会得以匹配：" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:486 +msgid "" +"# create a password manager\n" +"password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()\n" +"\n" +"# Add the username and password.\n" +"# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.\n" +"top_level_url = \"http://example.com/foo/\"\n" +"password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, username, password)\n" +"\n" +"handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)\n" +"\n" +"# create \"opener\" (OpenerDirector instance)\n" +"opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)\n" +"\n" +"# use the opener to fetch a URL\n" +"opener.open(a_url)\n" +"\n" +"# Install the opener.\n" +"# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.\n" +"urllib.request.install_opener(opener)" +msgstr "" +"# 创建一个密码管理器\n" +"password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()\n" +"\n" +"# 添加用户名和密码。\n" +"# 如果我们知道域，可以用它代替 None。\n" +"top_level_url = \"http://example.com/foo/\"\n" +"password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, username, password)\n" +"\n" +"handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)\n" +"\n" +"# 创建 \"opener\" (OpenerDirector 实例)\n" +"opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)\n" +"\n" +"# 使用 opener 获取一个 URL\n" +"opener.open(a_url)\n" +"\n" +"# 安装 opener。\n" +"# 现在所有对 urllib.request.urlopen 的调用都将使用此 opener。\n" +"urllib.request.install_opener(opener)" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:508 +msgid "" +"In the above example we only supplied our ``HTTPBasicAuthHandler`` to " +"``build_opener``. By default openers have the handlers for normal situations" +" -- ``ProxyHandler`` (if a proxy setting such as an :envvar:`!http_proxy` " +"environment variable is set), ``UnknownHandler``, ``HTTPHandler``, " +"``HTTPDefaultErrorHandler``, ``HTTPRedirectHandler``, ``FTPHandler``, " +"``FileHandler``, ``DataHandler``, ``HTTPErrorProcessor``." +msgstr "" +"在上面的救命中我们只向 ``build_opener`` 提供了 ``HTTPBasicAuthHandler``。 在默认情况下 opener " +"会包含针对常见状况的处理器 -- ``ProxyHandler`` (如果设置了代理如设置了 :envvar:`!http_proxy` " +"环境变量)，``UnknownHandler``, ``HTTPHandler``, ``HTTPDefaultErrorHandler``, " +"``HTTPRedirectHandler``, ``FTPHandler``, ``FileHandler``, ``DataHandler``, " +"``HTTPErrorProcessor``。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:515 +msgid "" +"``top_level_url`` is in fact *either* a full URL (including the 'http:' " +"scheme component and the hostname and optionally the port number) e.g. " +"``\"http://example.com/\"`` *or* an \"authority\" (i.e. the hostname, " +"optionally including the port number) e.g. ``\"example.com\"`` or " +"``\"example.com:8080\"`` (the latter example includes a port number). The " +"authority, if present, must NOT contain the \"userinfo\" component - for " +"example ``\"joe:password@example.com\"`` is not correct." +msgstr "" +"``top_level_url`` 其实 *要么* 是一条完整的 URL（包括 “http:” 部分和主机名及可选的端口号），比如 " +"``\"http://example.com/\"`` ， *要么* 是一条“访问权限”（即主机名，及可选的端口号），比如 " +"``\"example.com\"`` 或 ``\"example.com:8080\"`` （后一个示例包含了端口号）。访问权限 **不得** " +"包含“用户信息”部分——比如 ``\"joe:password@example.com\"`` 就不正确。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:525 +msgid "Proxies" +msgstr "代理" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:527 +msgid "" +"**urllib** will auto-detect your proxy settings and use those. This is " +"through the ``ProxyHandler``, which is part of the normal handler chain when" +" a proxy setting is detected. Normally that's a good thing, but there are " +"occasions when it may not be helpful [#]_. One way to do this is to setup " +"our own ``ProxyHandler``, with no proxies defined. This is done using " +"similar steps to setting up a `Basic Authentication`_ handler: ::" +msgstr "" +"**urllib** 将自动检测并使用代理设置。 这是通过 ``ProxyHandler`` 实现的，当检测到代理设置时，是正常 handler " +"链中的一部分。通常这是一件好事，但有时也可能会无效 [#]_。 一种方案是配置自己的 ``ProxyHandler`` ，不要定义代理。 设置的步骤与 " +"`Basic Authentication`_ handler 类似: ::" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:534 +msgid "" +">>> proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({})\n" +">>> opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)\n" +">>> urllib.request.install_opener(opener)" +msgstr "" +">>> proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({})\n" +">>> opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)\n" +">>> urllib.request.install_opener(opener)" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Currently ``urllib.request`` *does not* support fetching of ``https`` " +"locations through a proxy. However, this can be enabled by extending " +"urllib.request as shown in the recipe [#]_." +msgstr "" +"目前 ``urllib.request`` *尚不* 支持通过代理抓取 ``https`` 链接地址。 但此功能可以通过扩展 " +"urllib.request 来启用，如以下例程所示 [#]_。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:546 +msgid "" +"``HTTP_PROXY`` will be ignored if a variable ``REQUEST_METHOD`` is set; see " +"the documentation on :func:`~urllib.request.getproxies`." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 ``REQUEST_METHOD`` 变量，则会忽略 ``HTTP_PROXY`` ；参阅 " +":func:`~urllib.request.getproxies` 文档。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:551 +msgid "Sockets and Layers" +msgstr "套接字与分层" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:553 +msgid "" +"The Python support for fetching resources from the web is layered. urllib " +"uses the :mod:`http.client` library, which in turn uses the socket library." +msgstr "Python 获取 Web 资源的能力是分层的。urllib 用到的是 :mod:`http.client` 库，而后者又用到了套接字库。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:556 +msgid "" +"As of Python 2.3 you can specify how long a socket should wait for a " +"response before timing out. This can be useful in applications which have to" +" fetch web pages. By default the socket module has *no timeout* and can " +"hang. Currently, the socket timeout is not exposed at the http.client or " +"urllib.request levels. However, you can set the default timeout globally for" +" all sockets using ::" +msgstr "" +"从 Python 2.3 开始，可以指定套接字等待响应的超时时间。这对必须要读到网页数据的应用程序会很有用。默认情况下，套接字模块 *不会超时* " +"并且可以挂起。目前，套接字超时机制未暴露给 http.client 或 urllib.request " +"层使用。不过可以为所有套接字应用设置默认的全局超时。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:562 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"# timeout in seconds\n" +"timeout = 10\n" +"socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)\n" +"\n" +"# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout\n" +"# we have set in the socket module\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.voidspace.org.uk')\n" +"response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"# 超时秒数\n" +"timeout = 10\n" +"socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)\n" +"\n" +"# 这个对 urllib.request.urlopen 的调用现在将使用\n" +"# 我们在 socket 模块中设置的默认超时值\n" +"req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.voidspace.org.uk')\n" +"response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:579 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:581 +msgid "This document was reviewed and revised by John Lee." +msgstr "这篇文档由 John Lee 审订。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:583 +msgid "Google for example." +msgstr "例如 Google。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Browser sniffing is a very bad practice for website design - building sites " +"using web standards is much more sensible. Unfortunately a lot of sites " +"still send different versions to different browsers." +msgstr "" +"对于网站设计而言，探测不同的浏览器是非常糟糕的做法——更为明智的做法是采用 web " +"标准构建网站。不幸的是，很多网站依然向不同的浏览器发送不同版本的网页。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:587 +msgid "" +"The user agent for MSIE 6 is *'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT" +" 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)'*" +msgstr "" +"MSIE 6 的 user-agent 信息是 *“Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;" +" SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)”*" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:589 +msgid "" +"For details of more HTTP request headers, see `Quick Reference to HTTP " +"Headers`_." +msgstr "有关 HTTP 请求的头部信息，详情请参阅 `Quick Reference to HTTP Headers`_。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:591 +msgid "" +"In my case I have to use a proxy to access the internet at work. If you " +"attempt to fetch *localhost* URLs through this proxy it blocks them. IE is " +"set to use the proxy, which urllib picks up on. In order to test scripts " +"with a localhost server, I have to prevent urllib from using the proxy." +msgstr "" +"本人必须使用代理才能在工作中访问互联网。如果尝试通过代理获取 *localhost* URL，将会遭到阻止。IE 设置为代理模式，urllib " +"就会获取到配置信息。为了用 localhost 服务器测试脚本，我必须阻止 urllib 使用代理。" + +#: ../../howto/urllib2.rst:596 +msgid "" +"urllib opener for SSL proxy (CONNECT method): `ASPN Cookbook Recipe " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"urllib 的 SSL 代理 opener (CONNECT 方法): `ASPN Cookbook Recipe " +"`_。" diff --git a/install/index.po b/install/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..823ddbfad --- /dev/null +++ b/install/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,1521 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2023, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Edward Ji , 2021 +# Vincent , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Trim21 , 2021 +# Yifan Sun, 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# Transifex Bot <>, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-08-04 14:13+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:53+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Transifex Bot <>, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:7 +msgid "Installing Python Modules (Legacy version)" +msgstr "安装Python模块（旧版）" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:9 +msgid "Greg Ward" +msgstr "Greg Ward" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The entire ``distutils`` package has been deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.12. This documentation is retained as a reference only, and will be" +" removed with the package. See the :ref:`What's New ` " +"entry for more information." +msgstr "" +"整个 ``distutils`` 包已被弃用并将在 Python 3.12 中被移除。 此文档仅保留作参考，并将随包一起被移除。 更多信息请参阅 " +":ref:`有什么新变化 ` 条目。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:23 +msgid ":ref:`installing-index`" +msgstr ":ref:`installing-index`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The up to date module installation documentation. For regular Python usage, " +"you almost certainly want that document rather than this one." +msgstr "最新的模块安装文档。对于常规Python使用，你几乎肯定像使用该文档而非这个。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:28 +msgid "" +"This document is being retained solely until the ``setuptools`` " +"documentation at https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html" +" independently covers all of the relevant information currently included " +"here." +msgstr "" +"这篇文档是历史遗留文档，在 https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html 上的" +" ``setuptools`` 文档独立涵盖此处包含的所有相关信息之后，将不再单独作为正式文档保留。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:34 +msgid "" +"This guide only covers the basic tools for building and distributing " +"extensions that are provided as part of this version of Python. Third party " +"tools offer easier to use and more secure alternatives. Refer to the `quick " +"recommendations section `__ in the Python Packaging User Guide for more " +"information." +msgstr "" +"本指南仅介绍构建和分发扩展的基本工具，这些扩展是作为此Python版本的一部分提供的。 第三方工具提供更易于使用和更安全的替代方案。有关详细信息，请参阅" +" Python 打包用户指南中的 `快速推荐部分 `__ 。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:45 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:47 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.0, the ``distutils`` API was first added to the standard " +"library. This provided Linux distro maintainers with a standard way of " +"converting Python projects into Linux distro packages, and system " +"administrators with a standard way of installing them directly onto target " +"systems." +msgstr "" +"在Python 2.0中，``distutils`` API " +"首次被添加到标准库中。这向Linux发行版维护者提供了一个将Python项目转换为发行版软件包的标准方法，以及向系统管理员们提供了直接将这些软件包安装到目标系统的标准方法。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:52 +msgid "" +"In the many years since Python 2.0 was released, tightly coupling the build " +"system and package installer to the language runtime release cycle has " +"turned out to be problematic, and it is now recommended that projects use " +"the ``pip`` package installer and the ``setuptools`` build system, rather " +"than using ``distutils`` directly." +msgstr "" +"自从很多年前 Python 2.0 发布，将构建系统和包安装器与语言运行时的释放循环紧密连接在一起产生了很多问题。现在推荐做法是在项目中使用 " +"``pip`` 包安装器和 ``setuptools`` 构建系统，而不是直接使用 ``distutils``。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:58 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`installing-index` and :ref:`distributing-index` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`installing-index` 和 :ref:`distributing-index` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:60 +msgid "" +"This legacy documentation is being retained only until we're confident that " +"the ``setuptools`` documentation covers everything needed." +msgstr "这个旧文档将被保留，至到我们相信 ``setuptools`` 覆盖了所有内容。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:66 +msgid "Distutils based source distributions" +msgstr "基于 ``distutils`` 的源代码分发" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:68 +msgid "" +"If you download a module source distribution, you can tell pretty quickly if" +" it was packaged and distributed in the standard way, i.e. using the " +"Distutils. First, the distribution's name and version number will be " +"featured prominently in the name of the downloaded archive, e.g. " +":file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz` or :file:`widget-0.9.7.zip`. Next, the archive will " +"unpack into a similarly named directory: :file:`foo-1.0` or " +":file:`widget-0.9.7`. Additionally, the distribution will contain a setup " +"script :file:`setup.py`, and a file named :file:`README.txt` or possibly " +"just :file:`README`, which should explain that building and installing the " +"module distribution is a simple matter of running one command from a " +"terminal::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:81 +msgid "" +"For Windows, this command should be run from a command prompt window " +"(:menuselection:`Start --> Accessories`)::" +msgstr "Windows 用户应该使用命令提示符来运行命令(:menuselection:`Start --> Accessories`)::" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:86 +msgid "" +"If all these things are true, then you already know how to build and install" +" the modules you've just downloaded: Run the command above. Unless you need" +" to install things in a non-standard way or customize the build process, you" +" don't really need this manual. Or rather, the above command is everything " +"you need to get out of this manual." +msgstr "" +"如果这些事情都属实，那么您已经了解了如何构建和安装您已经下载的模块：只需运行如上的命令。除非您需要以非常规方式安装或者定制构建过程，您其实不需要本文档。更进一步说，以上命令就是您可以从文档中获得的全部。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:96 +msgid "Standard Build and Install" +msgstr "标准构建及安装" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:98 +msgid "" +"As described in section :ref:`inst-new-standard`, building and installing a " +"module distribution using the Distutils is usually one simple command to run" +" from a terminal::" +msgstr "" +"正如 :ref:`inst-new-standard` 中所描述的那样，通过 Distutils " +"构建和安装发行的模块常常只需要在终端执行一个简单的命令。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:108 +msgid "Platform variations" +msgstr "平台差异" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:110 +msgid "" +"You should always run the setup command from the distribution root " +"directory, i.e. the top-level subdirectory that the module source " +"distribution unpacks into. For example, if you've just downloaded a module " +"source distribution :file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz` onto a Unix system, the normal " +"thing to do is::" +msgstr "" +"您应当总是在分发文件的根目录处运行设置的命令，比如，模块分发的源代码最高的子目录。例如，如果您刚刚在 Unix " +"操作系统上下载了一个模块分发的源代码，您需要做的事：" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:119 +msgid "" +"On Windows, you'd probably download :file:`foo-1.0.zip`. If you downloaded " +"the archive file to :file:`C:\\\\Temp`, then it would unpack into " +":file:`C:\\\\Temp\\\\foo-1.0`; you can use either an archive manipulator " +"with a graphical user interface (such as WinZip) or a command-line tool " +"(such as :program:`unzip` or :program:`pkunzip`) to unpack the archive. " +"Then, open a command prompt window and run::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:133 +msgid "Splitting the job up" +msgstr "拆分任务" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Running ``setup.py install`` builds and installs all modules in one run. If" +" you prefer to work incrementally---especially useful if you want to " +"customize the build process, or if things are going wrong---you can use the " +"setup script to do one thing at a time. This is particularly helpful when " +"the build and install will be done by different users---for example, you " +"might want to build a module distribution and hand it off to a system " +"administrator for installation (or do it yourself, with super-user " +"privileges)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:143 +msgid "" +"For example, you can build everything in one step, and then install " +"everything in a second step, by invoking the setup script twice::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:149 +msgid "" +"If you do this, you will notice that running the :command:`install` command " +"first runs the :command:`build` command, which---in this case---quickly " +"notices that it has nothing to do, since everything in the :file:`build` " +"directory is up-to-date." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:154 +msgid "" +"You may not need this ability to break things down often if all you do is " +"install modules downloaded off the 'net, but it's very handy for more " +"advanced tasks. If you get into distributing your own Python modules and " +"extensions, you'll run lots of individual Distutils commands on their own." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:163 +msgid "How building works" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:165 +msgid "" +"As implied above, the :command:`build` command is responsible for putting " +"the files to install into a *build directory*. By default, this is " +":file:`build` under the distribution root; if you're excessively concerned " +"with speed, or want to keep the source tree pristine, you can change the " +"build directory with the :option:`!--build-base` option. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:173 +msgid "" +"(Or you could do this permanently with a directive in your system or " +"personal Distutils configuration file; see section :ref:`inst-config-" +"files`.) Normally, this isn't necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:177 +msgid "The default layout for the build tree is as follows::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:184 +msgid "" +"where ```` expands to a brief description of the current OS/hardware " +"platform and Python version. The first form, with just a :file:`lib` " +"directory, is used for \"pure module distributions\"---that is, module " +"distributions that include only pure Python modules. If a module " +"distribution contains any extensions (modules written in C/C++), then the " +"second form, with two ```` directories, is used. In that case, the " +":file:`temp.{plat}` directory holds temporary files generated by the " +"compile/link process that don't actually get installed. In either case, the" +" :file:`lib` (or :file:`lib.{plat}`) directory contains all Python modules " +"(pure Python and extensions) that will be installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:194 +msgid "" +"In the future, more directories will be added to handle Python scripts, " +"documentation, binary executables, and whatever else is needed to handle the" +" job of installing Python modules and applications." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:202 +msgid "How installation works" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:204 +msgid "" +"After the :command:`build` command runs (whether you run it explicitly, or " +"the :command:`install` command does it for you), the work of the " +":command:`install` command is relatively simple: all it has to do is copy " +"everything under :file:`build/lib` (or :file:`build/lib.{plat}`) to your " +"chosen installation directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:210 +msgid "" +"If you don't choose an installation directory---i.e., if you just run " +"``setup.py install``\\ ---then the :command:`install` command installs to " +"the standard location for third-party Python modules. This location varies " +"by platform and by how you built/installed Python itself. On Unix (and " +"macOS, which is also Unix-based), it also depends on whether the module " +"distribution being installed is pure Python or contains extensions (\"non-" +"pure\"):" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:220 +msgid "Platform" +msgstr "平台" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:220 +msgid "Standard installation location" +msgstr "标准安装位置" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:220 +msgid "Default value" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:220 ../../install/index.rst:746 +#: ../../install/index.rst:758 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:222 +msgid "Unix (pure)" +msgstr "（单一）Unix" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:222 ../../install/index.rst:435 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:222 ../../install/index.rst:224 +msgid ":file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:222 ../../install/index.rst:224 +#: ../../install/index.rst:748 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:224 +msgid "Unix (non-pure)" +msgstr "（类）Unix" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:224 ../../install/index.rst:436 +msgid ":file:`{exec-prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{exec-prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:226 +msgid "Windows" +msgstr "Windows" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:226 ../../install/index.rst:487 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib\\\\site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib\\\\site-packages`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:226 +msgid ":file:`C:\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Lib\\\\site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`C:\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Lib\\\\site-packages`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:226 ../../install/index.rst:750 +msgid "\\(2)" +msgstr "\\(2)" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:229 ../../install/index.rst:770 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Most Linux distributions include Python as a standard part of the system, so" +" :file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}` are usually both :file:`/usr` on" +" Linux. If you build Python yourself on Linux (or any Unix-like system), " +"the default :file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}` are " +":file:`/usr/local`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:238 +msgid "" +"The default installation directory on Windows was :file:`C:\\\\Program " +"Files\\\\Python` under Python 1.6a1, 1.5.2, and earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:241 +msgid "" +":file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}` stand for the directories that " +"Python is installed to, and where it finds its libraries at run-time. They " +"are always the same under Windows, and very often the same under Unix and " +"macOS. You can find out what your Python installation uses for " +":file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}` by running Python in interactive " +"mode and typing a few simple commands. Under Unix, just type ``python`` at " +"the shell prompt. Under Windows, choose :menuselection:`Start --> Programs " +"--> Python X.Y --> Python (command line)`. Once the interpreter is " +"started, you type Python code at the prompt. For example, on my Linux " +"system, I type the three Python statements shown below, and get the output " +"as shown, to find out my :file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}`:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:263 +msgid "" +"A few other placeholders are used in this document: :file:`{X.Y}` stands for" +" the version of Python, for example ``3.2``; :file:`{abiflags}` will be " +"replaced by the value of :data:`sys.abiflags` or the empty string for " +"platforms which don't define ABI flags; :file:`{distname}` will be replaced " +"by the name of the module distribution being installed. Dots and " +"capitalization are important in the paths; for example, a value that uses " +"``python3.2`` on UNIX will typically use ``Python32`` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:271 +msgid "" +"If you don't want to install modules to the standard location, or if you " +"don't have permission to write there, then you need to read about alternate " +"installations in section :ref:`inst-alt-install`. If you want to customize " +"your installation directories more heavily, see section :ref:`inst-custom-" +"install` on custom installations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:281 +msgid "Alternate Installation" +msgstr "可选安装形式" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Often, it is necessary or desirable to install modules to a location other " +"than the standard location for third-party Python modules. For example, on " +"a Unix system you might not have permission to write to the standard third-" +"party module directory. Or you might wish to try out a module before making" +" it a standard part of your local Python installation. This is especially " +"true when upgrading a distribution already present: you want to make sure " +"your existing base of scripts still works with the new version before " +"actually upgrading." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:291 +msgid "" +"The Distutils :command:`install` command is designed to make installing " +"module distributions to an alternate location simple and painless. The " +"basic idea is that you supply a base directory for the installation, and the" +" :command:`install` command picks a set of directories (called an " +"*installation scheme*) under this base directory in which to install files." +" The details differ across platforms, so read whichever of the following " +"sections applies to you." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Note that the various alternate installation schemes are mutually exclusive:" +" you can pass ``--user``, or ``--home``, or ``--prefix`` and ``--exec-" +"prefix``, or ``--install-base`` and ``--install-platbase``, but you can't " +"mix from these groups." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:308 +msgid "Alternate installation: the user scheme" +msgstr "可选安装形式：用户方案" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:310 +msgid "" +"This scheme is designed to be the most convenient solution for users that " +"don't have write permission to the global site-packages directory or don't " +"want to install into it. It is enabled with a simple option::" +msgstr "" +"此方案被设计为针对没有全局 site-packages 目录写入权限或不想安装到该目录的用户的最便捷解决方案。 它可以通过一个简单的选项来启用::" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:316 +msgid "" +"Files will be installed into subdirectories of :const:`site.USER_BASE` " +"(written as :file:`{userbase}` hereafter). This scheme installs pure Python" +" modules and extension modules in the same location (also known as " +":const:`site.USER_SITE`). Here are the values for UNIX, including macOS:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:322 ../../install/index.rst:333 +#: ../../install/index.rst:384 ../../install/index.rst:433 +#: ../../install/index.rst:485 ../../install/index.rst:510 +#: ../../install/index.rst:746 ../../install/index.rst:758 +msgid "Type of file" +msgstr "文件类型" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:322 ../../install/index.rst:333 +#: ../../install/index.rst:384 ../../install/index.rst:433 +#: ../../install/index.rst:485 +msgid "Installation directory" +msgstr "安装目录" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:324 ../../install/index.rst:335 +#: ../../install/index.rst:386 ../../install/index.rst:487 +msgid "modules" +msgstr "模块" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:324 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:325 ../../install/index.rst:336 +#: ../../install/index.rst:387 ../../install/index.rst:437 +#: ../../install/index.rst:488 ../../install/index.rst:515 +msgid "scripts" +msgstr "脚本" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:325 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/bin`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/bin`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:326 ../../install/index.rst:337 +#: ../../install/index.rst:388 ../../install/index.rst:438 +#: ../../install/index.rst:489 ../../install/index.rst:516 +msgid "data" +msgstr "数据" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:326 ../../install/index.rst:337 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:327 ../../install/index.rst:338 +#: ../../install/index.rst:389 ../../install/index.rst:439 +#: ../../install/index.rst:490 ../../install/index.rst:517 +msgid "C headers" +msgstr "C 头文件" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:327 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/include/python{X.Y}{abiflags}/{distname}`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/include/python{X.Y}{abiflags}/{distname}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:330 +msgid "And here are the values used on Windows:" +msgstr "以下是Windows上使用的值：" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:335 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\site-packages`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:336 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Scripts`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Scripts`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:338 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Include\\\\{distname}`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Include\\\\{distname}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:341 +msgid "" +"The advantage of using this scheme compared to the other ones described " +"below is that the user site-packages directory is under normal conditions " +"always included in :data:`sys.path` (see :mod:`site` for more information), " +"which means that there is no additional step to perform after running the " +":file:`setup.py` script to finalize the installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:347 +msgid "" +"The :command:`build_ext` command also has a ``--user`` option to add " +":file:`{userbase}/include` to the compiler search path for header files and " +":file:`{userbase}/lib` to the compiler search path for libraries as well as " +"to the runtime search path for shared C libraries (rpath)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:356 +msgid "Alternate installation: the home scheme" +msgstr "可选安装形式：家目录方案" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The idea behind the \"home scheme\" is that you build and maintain a " +"personal stash of Python modules. This scheme's name is derived from the " +"idea of a \"home\" directory on Unix, since it's not unusual for a Unix user" +" to make their home directory have a layout similar to :file:`/usr/` or " +":file:`/usr/local/`. This scheme can be used by anyone, regardless of the " +"operating system they are installing for." +msgstr "" +"“主方案”背后的理念是你可以构建并维护个人的 Python 模块集。 该方案的名称源自 Unix 上“主目录”的概念，因为通常 Unix " +"用户会将其主目录的布局设置为与 :file:`/usr/` 或 :file:`/usr/local/` 相似。 " +"任何人都可以使用该方案，无论其安装的操作系统是什么。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:365 +msgid "Installing a new module distribution is as simple as ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:369 +msgid "" +"where you can supply any directory you like for the :option:`!--home` " +"option. On Unix, lazy typists can just type a tilde (``~``); the " +":command:`install` command will expand this to your home directory::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:375 +msgid "" +"To make Python find the distributions installed with this scheme, you may " +"have to :ref:`modify Python's search path ` or edit " +":mod:`!sitecustomize` (see :mod:`site`) to call :func:`site.addsitedir` or " +"edit :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:380 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--home` option defines the installation base directory. Files" +" are installed to the following directories under the installation base as " +"follows:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:386 +msgid ":file:`{home}/lib/python`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}/lib/python`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:387 +msgid ":file:`{home}/bin`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}/bin`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:388 +msgid ":file:`{home}`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:389 +msgid ":file:`{home}/include/python/{distname}`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}/include/python/{distname}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:392 +msgid "(Mentally replace slashes with backslashes if you're on Windows.)" +msgstr "（如果你是使用 Windows 请将斜杠替换为反斜杠。）" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:398 +msgid "Alternate installation: Unix (the prefix scheme)" +msgstr "可选安装形式：Unix（前缀方案）" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:400 +msgid "" +"The \"prefix scheme\" is useful when you wish to use one Python installation" +" to perform the build/install (i.e., to run the setup script), but install " +"modules into the third-party module directory of a different Python " +"installation (or something that looks like a different Python installation)." +" If this sounds a trifle unusual, it is---that's why the user and home " +"schemes come before. However, there are at least two known cases where the " +"prefix scheme will be useful." +msgstr "" +"“前缀方案”适用于当你希望使用一个 Python 安装程序来执行构建/安装（即运行 setup 脚本），但需要将模块安装到另一个 Python " +"安装版（或看起来类似于另一个 Python 安装版）的第三方模块目录中的情况。 如果这听起来有点不寻常，确实如此 --- " +"这就是为什么要先介绍用户和主目录方案的原因。 然而，至少有两种已知的情况会用到前缀方案。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:407 +msgid "" +"First, consider that many Linux distributions put Python in :file:`/usr`, " +"rather than the more traditional :file:`/usr/local`. This is entirely " +"appropriate, since in those cases Python is part of \"the system\" rather " +"than a local add-on. However, if you are installing Python modules from " +"source, you probably want them to go in :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}` " +"rather than :file:`/usr/lib/python2.{X}`. This can be done with ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Another possibility is a network filesystem where the name used to write to " +"a remote directory is different from the name used to read it: for example, " +"the Python interpreter accessed as :file:`/usr/local/bin/python` might " +"search for modules in :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}`, but those modules " +"would have to be installed to, say, " +":file:`/mnt/{@server}/export/lib/python2.{X}`. This could be done with ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:425 +msgid "" +"In either case, the :option:`!--prefix` option defines the installation " +"base, and the :option:`!--exec-prefix` option defines the platform-specific " +"installation base, which is used for platform-specific files. (Currently, " +"this just means non-pure module distributions, but could be expanded to C " +"libraries, binary executables, etc.) If :option:`!--exec-prefix` is not " +"supplied, it defaults to :option:`!--prefix`. Files are installed as " +"follows:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:435 ../../install/index.rst:512 +msgid "Python modules" +msgstr "Python 模块" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:436 ../../install/index.rst:513 +msgid "extension modules" +msgstr "扩展模块" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:437 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/bin`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/bin`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:438 ../../install/index.rst:489 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:439 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/include/python{X.Y}{abiflags}/{distname}`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/include/python{X.Y}{abiflags}/{distname}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:442 +msgid "" +"There is no requirement that :option:`!--prefix` or :option:`!--exec-prefix`" +" actually point to an alternate Python installation; if the directories " +"listed above do not already exist, they are created at installation time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Incidentally, the real reason the prefix scheme is important is simply that " +"a standard Unix installation uses the prefix scheme, but with :option:`!--" +"prefix` and :option:`!--exec-prefix` supplied by Python itself as " +"``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix``. Thus, you might think you'll never " +"use the prefix scheme, but every time you run ``python setup.py install`` " +"without any other options, you're using it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Note that installing extensions to an alternate Python installation has no " +"effect on how those extensions are built: in particular, the Python header " +"files (:file:`Python.h` and friends) installed with the Python interpreter " +"used to run the setup script will be used in compiling extensions. It is " +"your responsibility to ensure that the interpreter used to run extensions " +"installed in this way is compatible with the interpreter used to build them." +" The best way to do this is to ensure that the two interpreters are the " +"same version of Python (possibly different builds, or possibly copies of the" +" same build). (Of course, if your :option:`!--prefix` and :option:`!--exec-" +"prefix` don't even point to an alternate Python installation, this is " +"immaterial.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:468 +msgid "Alternate installation: Windows (the prefix scheme)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Windows has no concept of a user's home directory, and since the standard " +"Python installation under Windows is simpler than under Unix, the :option:`!" +"--prefix` option has traditionally been used to install additional packages " +"in separate locations on Windows. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:477 +msgid "" +"to install modules to the :file:`\\\\Temp\\\\Python` directory on the " +"current drive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:479 +msgid "" +"The installation base is defined by the :option:`!--prefix` option; the " +":option:`!--exec-prefix` option is not supported under Windows, which means " +"that pure Python modules and extension modules are installed into the same " +"location. Files are installed as follows:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:488 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Scripts`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Scripts`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:490 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Include\\\\{distname}`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Include\\\\{distname}`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:497 +msgid "Custom Installation" +msgstr "自定义安装" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:499 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, the alternate installation schemes described in section " +":ref:`inst-alt-install` just don't do what you want. You might want to " +"tweak just one or two directories while keeping everything under the same " +"base directory, or you might want to completely redefine the installation " +"scheme. In either case, you're creating a *custom installation scheme*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:505 +msgid "" +"To create a custom installation scheme, you start with one of the alternate " +"schemes and override some of the installation directories used for the " +"various types of files, using these options:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:510 +msgid "Override option" +msgstr "覆盖选项" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:512 +msgid "``--install-purelib``" +msgstr "``--install-purelib``" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:513 +msgid "``--install-platlib``" +msgstr "``--install-platlib``" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:514 +msgid "all modules" +msgstr "所有模块" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:514 +msgid "``--install-lib``" +msgstr "``--install-lib``" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:515 +msgid "``--install-scripts``" +msgstr "``--install-scripts``" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:516 +msgid "``--install-data``" +msgstr "``--install-data``" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:517 +msgid "``--install-headers``" +msgstr "``--install-headers``" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:520 +msgid "" +"These override options can be relative, absolute, or explicitly defined in " +"terms of one of the installation base directories. (There are two " +"installation base directories, and they are normally the same---they only " +"differ when you use the Unix \"prefix scheme\" and supply different " +"``--prefix`` and ``--exec-prefix`` options; using ``--install-lib`` will " +"override values computed or given for ``--install-purelib`` and ``--install-" +"platlib``, and is recommended for schemes that don't make a difference " +"between Python and extension modules.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:529 +msgid "" +"For example, say you're installing a module distribution to your home " +"directory under Unix---but you want scripts to go in :file:`~/scripts` " +"rather than :file:`~/bin`. As you might expect, you can override this " +"directory with the :option:`!--install-scripts` option; in this case, it " +"makes most sense to supply a relative path, which will be interpreted " +"relative to the installation base directory (your home directory, in this " +"case)::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Another Unix example: suppose your Python installation was built and " +"installed with a prefix of :file:`/usr/local/python`, so under a standard " +"installation scripts will wind up in :file:`/usr/local/python/bin`. If you " +"want them in :file:`/usr/local/bin` instead, you would supply this absolute " +"directory for the :option:`!--install-scripts` option::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:546 +msgid "" +"(This performs an installation using the \"prefix scheme\", where the prefix" +" is whatever your Python interpreter was installed with--- " +":file:`/usr/local/python` in this case.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:550 +msgid "" +"If you maintain Python on Windows, you might want third-party modules to " +"live in a subdirectory of :file:`{prefix}`, rather than right in " +":file:`{prefix}` itself. This is almost as easy as customizing the script " +"installation directory---you just have to remember that there are two types " +"of modules to worry about, Python and extension modules, which can " +"conveniently be both controlled by one option::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:559 +msgid "" +"The specified installation directory is relative to :file:`{prefix}`. Of " +"course, you also have to ensure that this directory is in Python's module " +"search path, such as by putting a :file:`.pth` file in a site directory (see" +" :mod:`site`). See section :ref:`inst-search-path` to find out how to " +"modify Python's search path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:565 +msgid "" +"If you want to define an entire installation scheme, you just have to supply" +" all of the installation directory options. The recommended way to do this " +"is to supply relative paths; for example, if you want to maintain all Python" +" module-related files under :file:`python` in your home directory, and you " +"want a separate directory for each platform that you use your home directory" +" from, you might define the following installation scheme::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:578 +msgid "or, equivalently, ::" +msgstr "或者，等价于 ::" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:586 +msgid "" +"``$PLAT`` is not (necessarily) an environment variable---it will be expanded" +" by the Distutils as it parses your command line options, just as it does " +"when parsing your configuration file(s)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Obviously, specifying the entire installation scheme every time you install " +"a new module distribution would be very tedious. Thus, you can put these " +"options into your Distutils config file (see section :ref:`inst-config-" +"files`):" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:603 +msgid "or, equivalently," +msgstr "或者，等价于，" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Note that these two are *not* equivalent if you supply a different " +"installation base directory when you run the setup script. For example, ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:619 +msgid "" +"would install pure modules to :file:`/tmp/python/lib` in the first case, and" +" to :file:`/tmp/lib` in the second case. (For the second case, you probably" +" want to supply an installation base of :file:`/tmp/python`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:623 +msgid "" +"You probably noticed the use of ``$HOME`` and ``$PLAT`` in the sample " +"configuration file input. These are Distutils configuration variables, " +"which bear a strong resemblance to environment variables. In fact, you can " +"use environment variables in config files on platforms that have such a " +"notion but the Distutils additionally define a few extra variables that may " +"not be in your environment, such as ``$PLAT``. (And of course, on systems " +"that don't have environment variables, such as Mac OS 9, the configuration " +"variables supplied by the Distutils are the only ones you can use.) See " +"section :ref:`inst-config-files` for details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:633 +msgid "" +"When a :ref:`virtual environment ` is activated, any options that " +"change the installation path will be ignored from all distutils " +"configuration files to prevent inadvertently installing projects outside of " +"the virtual environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:647 +msgid "Modifying Python's Search Path" +msgstr "修改 Python 的搜索路径" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:649 +msgid "" +"When the Python interpreter executes an :keyword:`import` statement, it " +"searches for both Python code and extension modules along a search path. A " +"default value for the path is configured into the Python binary when the " +"interpreter is built. You can determine the path by importing the :mod:`sys`" +" module and printing the value of ``sys.path``. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:666 +msgid "" +"The null string in ``sys.path`` represents the current working directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:668 +msgid "" +"The expected convention for locally installed packages is to put them in the" +" :file:`{...}/site-packages/` directory, but you may want to install Python " +"modules into some arbitrary directory. For example, your site may have a " +"convention of keeping all software related to the web server under " +":file:`/www`. Add-on Python modules might then belong in " +":file:`/www/python`, and in order to import them, this directory must be " +"added to ``sys.path``. There are several different ways to add the " +"directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:676 +msgid "" +"The most convenient way is to add a path configuration file to a directory " +"that's already on Python's path, usually to the :file:`.../site-packages/` " +"directory. Path configuration files have an extension of :file:`.pth`, and " +"each line must contain a single path that will be appended to ``sys.path``." +" (Because the new paths are appended to ``sys.path``, modules in the added " +"directories will not override standard modules. This means you can't use " +"this mechanism for installing fixed versions of standard modules.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Paths can be absolute or relative, in which case they're relative to the " +"directory containing the :file:`.pth` file. See the documentation of the " +":mod:`site` module for more information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:688 +msgid "" +"A slightly less convenient way is to edit the :file:`site.py` file in " +"Python's standard library, and modify ``sys.path``. :file:`site.py` is " +"automatically imported when the Python interpreter is executed, unless the " +":option:`-S` switch is supplied to suppress this behaviour. So you could " +"simply edit :file:`site.py` and add two lines to it:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:699 +msgid "" +"However, if you reinstall the same minor version of Python (perhaps when " +"upgrading from 2.2 to 2.2.2, for example) :file:`site.py` will be " +"overwritten by the stock version. You'd have to remember that it was " +"modified and save a copy before doing the installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:704 +msgid "" +"There are two environment variables that can modify ``sys.path``. " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` sets an alternate value for the prefix of the Python " +"installation. For example, if :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is set to " +"``/www/python``, the search path will be set to ``['', " +"'/www/python/lib/pythonX.Y/', '/www/python/lib/pythonX.Y/plat-linux2', " +"...]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:710 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` variable can be set to a list of paths that will be" +" added to the beginning of ``sys.path``. For example, if " +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` is set to ``/www/python:/opt/py``, the search path will" +" begin with ``['/www/python', '/opt/py']``. (Note that directories must " +"exist in order to be added to ``sys.path``; the :mod:`site` module removes " +"paths that don't exist.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:717 +msgid "" +"Finally, ``sys.path`` is just a regular Python list, so any Python " +"application can modify it by adding or removing entries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:724 +msgid "Distutils Configuration Files" +msgstr "Distutils 配置文件Configuration Files" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:726 +msgid "" +"As mentioned above, you can use Distutils configuration files to record " +"personal or site preferences for any Distutils options. That is, any option" +" to any command can be stored in one of two or three (depending on your " +"platform) configuration files, which will be consulted before the command-" +"line is parsed. This means that configuration files will override default " +"values, and the command-line will in turn override configuration files. " +"Furthermore, if multiple configuration files apply, values from \"earlier\" " +"files are overridden by \"later\" files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:739 +msgid "Location and names of config files" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:741 +msgid "" +"The names and locations of the configuration files vary slightly across " +"platforms. On Unix and macOS, the three configuration files (in the order " +"they are processed) are:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:746 ../../install/index.rst:758 +msgid "Location and filename" +msgstr "位置和文件名" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:748 ../../install/index.rst:760 +msgid "system" +msgstr "system" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:748 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{ver}/distutils/distutils.cfg`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{ver}/distutils/distutils.cfg`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:750 ../../install/index.rst:762 +msgid "personal" +msgstr "personal" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:750 +msgid ":file:`$HOME/.pydistutils.cfg`" +msgstr ":file:`$HOME/.pydistutils.cfg`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:752 ../../install/index.rst:764 +msgid "local" +msgstr "local" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:752 ../../install/index.rst:764 +msgid ":file:`setup.cfg`" +msgstr ":file:`setup.cfg`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:752 ../../install/index.rst:764 +msgid "\\(3)" +msgstr "\\(3)" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:755 +msgid "And on Windows, the configuration files are:" +msgstr "而在 Windows 中，配置文件为:" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:760 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib\\\\distutils\\\\distutils.cfg`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib\\\\distutils\\\\distutils.cfg`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:760 +msgid "\\(4)" +msgstr "\\(4)" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:762 +msgid ":file:`%HOME%\\\\pydistutils.cfg`" +msgstr ":file:`%HOME%\\\\pydistutils.cfg`" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:762 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:767 +msgid "" +"On all platforms, the \"personal\" file can be temporarily disabled by " +"passing the ``--no-user-cfg`` option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:773 +msgid "" +"Strictly speaking, the system-wide configuration file lives in the directory" +" where the Distutils are installed; under Python 1.6 and later on Unix, this" +" is as shown. For Python 1.5.2, the Distutils will normally be installed to " +":file:`{prefix}/lib/python1.5/site-packages/distutils`, so the system " +"configuration file should be put there under Python 1.5.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:780 +msgid "" +"On Unix, if the :envvar:`HOME` environment variable is not defined, the " +"user's home directory will be determined with the :func:`~pwd.getpwuid` " +"function from the standard :mod:`pwd` module. This is done by the " +":func:`os.path.expanduser` function used by Distutils." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:786 +msgid "" +"I.e., in the current directory (usually the location of the setup script)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:789 +msgid "" +"(See also note (1).) Under Python 1.6 and later, Python's default " +"\"installation prefix\" is :file:`C:\\\\Python`, so the system configuration" +" file is normally :file:`C:\\\\Python\\\\Lib\\\\distutils\\\\distutils.cfg`." +" Under Python 1.5.2, the default prefix was :file:`C:\\\\Program " +"Files\\\\Python`, and the Distutils were not part of the standard library---" +"so the system configuration file would be :file:`C:\\\\Program " +"Files\\\\Python\\\\distutils\\\\distutils.cfg` in a standard Python 1.5.2 " +"installation under Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:798 +msgid "" +"On Windows, if the :envvar:`HOME` environment variable is not defined, " +":envvar:`USERPROFILE` then :envvar:`HOMEDRIVE` and :envvar:`HOMEPATH` will " +"be tried. This is done by the :func:`os.path.expanduser` function used by " +"Distutils." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:807 +msgid "Syntax of config files" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:809 +msgid "" +"The Distutils configuration files all have the same syntax. The config " +"files are grouped into sections. There is one section for each Distutils " +"command, plus a ``global`` section for global options that affect every " +"command. Each section consists of one option per line, specified as " +"``option=value``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:814 +msgid "" +"For example, the following is a complete config file that just forces all " +"commands to run quietly by default:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:822 +msgid "" +"If this is installed as the system config file, it will affect all " +"processing of any Python module distribution by any user on the current " +"system. If it is installed as your personal config file (on systems that " +"support them), it will affect only module distributions processed by you. " +"And if it is used as the :file:`setup.cfg` for a particular module " +"distribution, it affects only that distribution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:829 +msgid "" +"You could override the default \"build base\" directory and make the " +":command:`build\\*` commands always forcibly rebuild all files with the " +"following:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:839 +msgid "which corresponds to the command-line arguments ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:843 +msgid "" +"except that including the :command:`build` command on the command-line means" +" that command will be run. Including a particular command in config files " +"has no such implication; it only means that if the command is run, the " +"options in the config file will apply. (Or if other commands that derive " +"values from it are run, they will use the values in the config file.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:849 +msgid "" +"You can find out the complete list of options for any command using the " +":option:`!--help` option, e.g.::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:854 +msgid "" +"and you can find out the complete list of global options by using :option:`!" +"--help` without a command::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:859 +msgid "" +"See also the \"Reference\" section of the \"Distributing Python Modules\" " +"manual." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:865 +msgid "Building Extensions: Tips and Tricks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:867 +msgid "" +"Whenever possible, the Distutils try to use the configuration information " +"made available by the Python interpreter used to run the :file:`setup.py` " +"script. For example, the same compiler and linker flags used to compile " +"Python will also be used for compiling extensions. Usually this will work " +"well, but in complicated situations this might be inappropriate. This " +"section discusses how to override the usual Distutils behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:878 +msgid "Tweaking compiler/linker flags" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:880 +msgid "" +"Compiling a Python extension written in C or C++ will sometimes require " +"specifying custom flags for the compiler and linker in order to use a " +"particular library or produce a special kind of object code. This is " +"especially true if the extension hasn't been tested on your platform, or if " +"you're trying to cross-compile Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:886 +msgid "" +"In the most general case, the extension author might have foreseen that " +"compiling the extensions would be complicated, and provided a :file:`Setup` " +"file for you to edit. This will likely only be done if the module " +"distribution contains many separate extension modules, or if they often " +"require elaborate sets of compiler flags in order to work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:892 +msgid "" +"A :file:`Setup` file, if present, is parsed in order to get a list of " +"extensions to build. Each line in a :file:`Setup` describes a single " +"module. Lines have the following structure::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:899 +msgid "Let's examine each of the fields in turn." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:901 +msgid "" +"*module* is the name of the extension module to be built, and should be a " +"valid Python identifier. You can't just change this in order to rename a " +"module (edits to the source code would also be needed), so this should be " +"left alone." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:905 +msgid "" +"*sourcefile* is anything that's likely to be a source code file, at least " +"judging by the filename. Filenames ending in :file:`.c` are assumed to be " +"written in C, filenames ending in :file:`.C`, :file:`.cc`, and :file:`.c++` " +"are assumed to be C++, and filenames ending in :file:`.m` or :file:`.mm` are" +" assumed to be in Objective C." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:911 +msgid "" +"*cpparg* is an argument for the C preprocessor, and is anything starting " +"with :option:`!-I`, :option:`!-D`, :option:`!-U` or :option:`!-C`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:914 +msgid "" +"*library* is anything ending in :file:`.a` or beginning with :option:`!-l` " +"or :option:`!-L`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:917 +msgid "" +"If a particular platform requires a special library on your platform, you " +"can add it by editing the :file:`Setup` file and running ``python setup.py " +"build``. For example, if the module defined by the line ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:923 +msgid "" +"must be linked with the math library :file:`libm.a` on your platform, simply" +" add :option:`!-lm` to the line::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:928 +msgid "" +"Arbitrary switches intended for the compiler or the linker can be supplied " +"with the :option:`!-Xcompiler` *arg* and :option:`!-Xlinker` *arg* options::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:933 +msgid "" +"The next option after :option:`!-Xcompiler` and :option:`!-Xlinker` will be " +"appended to the proper command line, so in the above example the compiler " +"will be passed the :option:`!-o32` option, and the linker will be passed " +":option:`!-shared`. If a compiler option requires an argument, you'll have " +"to supply multiple :option:`!-Xcompiler` options; for example, to pass ``-x " +"c++`` the :file:`Setup` file would have to contain ``-Xcompiler -x " +"-Xcompiler c++``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:940 +msgid "" +"Compiler flags can also be supplied through setting the :envvar:`CFLAGS` " +"environment variable. If set, the contents of :envvar:`CFLAGS` will be " +"added to the compiler flags specified in the :file:`Setup` file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:948 +msgid "Using non-Microsoft compilers on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:955 +msgid "Borland/CodeGear C++" +msgstr "Borland/CodeGear C++" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:957 +msgid "" +"This subsection describes the necessary steps to use Distutils with the " +"Borland C++ compiler version 5.5. First you have to know that Borland's " +"object file format (OMF) is different from the format used by the Python " +"version you can download from the Python or ActiveState web site. (Python " +"is built with Microsoft Visual C++, which uses COFF as the object file " +"format.) For this reason you have to convert Python's library " +":file:`python25.lib` into the Borland format. You can do this as follows:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:972 +msgid "" +"The :file:`coff2omf` program comes with the Borland compiler. The file " +":file:`python25.lib` is in the :file:`Libs` directory of your Python " +"installation. If your extension uses other libraries (zlib, ...) you have " +"to convert them too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:977 +msgid "" +"The converted files have to reside in the same directories as the normal " +"libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:980 +msgid "" +"How does Distutils manage to use these libraries with their changed names? " +"If the extension needs a library (eg. :file:`foo`) Distutils checks first if" +" it finds a library with suffix :file:`_bcpp` (eg. :file:`foo_bcpp.lib`) and" +" then uses this library. In the case it doesn't find such a special library" +" it uses the default name (:file:`foo.lib`.) [#]_" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:986 +msgid "" +"To let Distutils compile your extension with Borland C++ you now have to " +"type::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:990 +msgid "" +"If you want to use the Borland C++ compiler as the default, you could " +"specify this in your personal or system-wide configuration file for " +"Distutils (see section :ref:`inst-config-files`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:999 +msgid "`C++Builder Compiler `_" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Information about the free C++ compiler from Borland, including links to the" +" download pages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"`Creating Python Extensions Using Borland's Free Compiler " +"`_" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"Document describing how to use Borland's free command-line C++ compiler to " +"build Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1007 +msgid "GNU C / Cygwin / MinGW" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"This section describes the necessary steps to use Distutils with the GNU " +"C/C++ compilers in their Cygwin and MinGW distributions. [#]_ For a Python " +"interpreter that was built with Cygwin, everything should work without any " +"of these following steps." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"Not all extensions can be built with MinGW or Cygwin, but many can. " +"Extensions most likely to not work are those that use C++ or depend on " +"Microsoft Visual C extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1018 +msgid "To let Distutils compile your extension with Cygwin you have to type::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1022 +msgid "and for Cygwin in no-cygwin mode [#]_ or for MinGW type::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1026 +msgid "" +"If you want to use any of these options/compilers as default, you should " +"consider writing it in your personal or system-wide configuration file for " +"Distutils (see section :ref:`inst-config-files`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1031 +msgid "Older Versions of Python and MinGW" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"The following instructions only apply if you're using a version of Python " +"inferior to 2.4.1 with a MinGW inferior to 3.0.0 (with " +"binutils-2.13.90-20030111-1)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"These compilers require some special libraries. This task is more complex " +"than for Borland's C++, because there is no program to convert the library." +" First you have to create a list of symbols which the Python DLL exports. " +"(You can find a good program for this task at " +"https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW/Extension/pexports/)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1049 +msgid "" +"The location of an installed :file:`python25.dll` will depend on the " +"installation options and the version and language of Windows. In a \"just " +"for me\" installation, it will appear in the root of the installation " +"directory. In a shared installation, it will be located in the system " +"directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1054 +msgid "" +"Then you can create from these information an import library for gcc. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"The resulting library has to be placed in the same directory as " +":file:`python25.lib`. (Should be the :file:`libs` directory under your " +"Python installation directory.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1062 +msgid "" +"If your extension uses other libraries (zlib,...) you might have to convert" +" them too. The converted files have to reside in the same directories as the" +" normal libraries do." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1069 +msgid "" +"`Building Python modules on MS Windows platform with MinGW " +"`_" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"Information about building the required libraries for the MinGW environment." +msgstr "针对 MinGW 环境生成必要的库的相关信息" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1074 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1075 +msgid "" +"This also means you could replace all existing COFF-libraries with OMF-" +"libraries of the same name." +msgstr "这也意味着你可以将现有的全部 COFF 库替换为同名的 OMF 库。" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1078 +msgid "Check https://www.sourceware.org/cygwin/ for more information" +msgstr "请查看 https://www.sourceware.org/cygwin/ 了解更多信息" + +#: ../../install/index.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"Then you have no POSIX emulation available, but you also don't need " +":file:`cygwin1.dll`." +msgstr "你将没有可用的 POSIX 模拟，但你也将不再需要 :file:`cygwin1.dll`。" diff --git a/installing/index.po b/installing/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8efe1f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/installing/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,434 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# 刘士 , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:7 +msgid "Installing Python Modules" +msgstr "安装 Python 模块" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:0 +msgid "Email" +msgstr "电子邮箱" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:9 +msgid "distutils-sig@python.org" +msgstr "distutils-sig@python.org" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:11 +msgid "" +"As a popular open source development project, Python has an active " +"supporting community of contributors and users that also make their software" +" available for other Python developers to use under open source license " +"terms." +msgstr "" +"作为一个流行的开源开发项目，Python拥有一个活跃的贡献者和用户支持社区，这些社区也可以让他们的软件可供其他Python开发人员在开源许可条款下使用。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This allows Python users to share and collaborate effectively, benefiting " +"from the solutions others have already created to common (and sometimes even" +" rare!) problems, as well as potentially contributing their own solutions to" +" the common pool." +msgstr "这允许Python用户有效地共享和协作，从其他人已经创建的解决方案中受益于常见（有时甚至是罕见的）问题，以及可以提供他们自己的解决方案。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:20 +msgid "" +"This guide covers the installation part of the process. For a guide to " +"creating and sharing your own Python projects, refer to the `Python " +"packaging user guide`_." +msgstr "" +"本指南涵盖了安装部分的流程。 有关创建和共享自己的 Python 项目的指导，请参阅 `Python packaging user guide`_。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:28 +msgid "" +"For corporate and other institutional users, be aware that many " +"organisations have their own policies around using and contributing to open " +"source software. Please take such policies into account when making use of " +"the distribution and installation tools provided with Python." +msgstr "对于企业和其他机构用户，请注意许多组织都有自己的政策来使用和贡献开源软件。在使用Python提供的分发和安装工具时，请考虑这些政策。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:35 +msgid "Key terms" +msgstr "关键术语" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:37 +msgid "" +"``pip`` is the preferred installer program. Starting with Python 3.4, it is " +"included by default with the Python binary installers." +msgstr "``pip`` 是首选的安装程序。从Python 3.4开始，它默认包含在Python二进制安装程序中。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:39 +msgid "" +"A *virtual environment* is a semi-isolated Python environment that allows " +"packages to be installed for use by a particular application, rather than " +"being installed system wide." +msgstr "*virtual environment* 是一种半隔离的 Python 环境，允许为特定的应用安装各自的包，而不是安装到整个系统。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:42 +msgid "" +"``venv`` is the standard tool for creating virtual environments, and has " +"been part of Python since Python 3.3. Starting with Python 3.4, it defaults " +"to installing ``pip`` into all created virtual environments." +msgstr "" +"``venv`` 是创建虚拟环境的标准工具，从 Python 3.3 开始成为 Python 的组成部分。 从 Python 3.4 开始，它会默认安装" +" ``pip`` 到所创建的全部虚拟环境。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:45 +msgid "" +"``virtualenv`` is a third party alternative (and predecessor) to ``venv``. " +"It allows virtual environments to be used on versions of Python prior to " +"3.4, which either don't provide ``venv`` at all, or aren't able to " +"automatically install ``pip`` into created environments." +msgstr "" +"``virtualenv`` 是 ``venv`` 的第三方替代（及其前身）。 它允许在 Python 3.4 " +"之前的版本中使用虚拟环境，那些版本或是完全不提供 ``venv``，或是不会自动安装 ``pip`` 到所创建的虚拟环境。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The `Python Package Index `__ is a public repository of " +"open source licensed packages made available for use by other Python users." +msgstr "" +"`Python Package Index `__ 是一个开源许可的软件包公共存储库，可供所有 Python " +"用户使用。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:52 +msgid "" +"the `Python Packaging Authority `__ is the group of " +"developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and " +"evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and " +"file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation, and " +"issue trackers on `GitHub `__." +msgstr "" +"`Python Packaging Authority `__ " +"是负责标准打包工具以及相关元数据和文件格式标准维护与改进的开发人员和文档作者团队。 他们基于 `GitHub " +"`__ 维护着各种工具、文档和问题追踪系统。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:58 +msgid "" +"``distutils`` is the original build and distribution system first added to " +"the Python standard library in 1998. While direct use of ``distutils`` is " +"being phased out, it still laid the foundation for the current packaging and" +" distribution infrastructure, and it not only remains part of the standard " +"library, but its name lives on in other ways (such as the name of the " +"mailing list used to coordinate Python packaging standards development)." +msgstr "" +"``distutils`` 是最初的构建和分发系统，于 1998 年首次加入 Python 标准库。 虽然直接使用 ``distutils`` " +"的方式已被淘汰，它仍然是当前打包和分发架构的基础，而且它不仅仍然是标准库的一部分，这个名称还以其他方式存在（例如用于协调 Python " +"打包标准开发流程的邮件列表就以此命名）。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:66 +msgid "" +"The use of ``venv`` is now recommended for creating virtual environments." +msgstr "现在推荐使用 ``venv`` 来创建虚拟环境。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:71 +msgid "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide: Creating and using virtual environments " +"`__" +msgstr "" +"`Python 软件包用户指南：创建和使用虚拟环境 " +"`__" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:76 +msgid "Basic usage" +msgstr "基本使用" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:78 +msgid "" +"The standard packaging tools are all designed to be used from the command " +"line." +msgstr "标准打包工具完全是针对命令行使用方式来设计的。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:81 +msgid "" +"The following command will install the latest version of a module and its " +"dependencies from the Python Package Index::" +msgstr "以下命令将从 Python Package Index 安装一个模块的最新版本及其依赖项::" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:84 +msgid "python -m pip install SomePackage" +msgstr "python -m pip install SomePackage" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:88 +msgid "" +"For POSIX users (including macOS and Linux users), the examples in this " +"guide assume the use of a :term:`virtual environment`." +msgstr "" +"对于 POSIX 用户（包括 macOS 和 Linux 用户）本指南中的示例假定使用了 :term:`virtual environment`。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:91 +msgid "" +"For Windows users, the examples in this guide assume that the option to " +"adjust the system PATH environment variable was selected when installing " +"Python." +msgstr "对于 Windows 用户，本指南中的示例假定在安装 Python 时选择了修改系统 PATH 环境变量。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:95 +msgid "" +"It's also possible to specify an exact or minimum version directly on the " +"command line. When using comparator operators such as ``>``, ``<`` or some " +"other special character which get interpreted by shell, the package name and" +" the version should be enclosed within double quotes::" +msgstr "" +"在命令行中指定一个准确或最小版本也是可以的。 当使用比较运算符例如 ``>``, ``<`` " +"或其他某些可以被终端所解析的特殊字符时，包名称与版本号应当用双引号括起来::" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:100 +msgid "" +"python -m pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 # specific version\n" +"python -m pip install \"SomePackage>=1.0.4\" # minimum version" +msgstr "" +"python -m pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 # 特定版本\n" +"python -m pip install \"SomePackage>=1.0.4\" # 最小版本" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Normally, if a suitable module is already installed, attempting to install " +"it again will have no effect. Upgrading existing modules must be requested " +"explicitly::" +msgstr "通常，如果一个匹配的模块已安装，尝试再次安装将不会有任何效果。 要升级现有模块必须显式地发出请求::" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:107 +msgid "python -m pip install --upgrade SomePackage" +msgstr "python -m pip install --upgrade SomePackage" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:109 +msgid "" +"More information and resources regarding ``pip`` and its capabilities can be" +" found in the `Python Packaging User Guide " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"更多有关 ``pip`` 及其功能的信息和资源可以在 `Python 软件包用户指南 `__" +" 中找到。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Creation of virtual environments is done through the :mod:`venv` module. " +"Installing packages into an active virtual environment uses the commands " +"shown above." +msgstr "虚拟环境的创建可使用 :mod:`venv` 模块来完成。 向已激活虚拟环境安装软件包可使用上文所介绍的命令。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:118 +msgid "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Python Distribution Packages " +"`__" +msgstr "" +"`Python 软件包用户指南：安装 Python 分发包 `__" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:123 +msgid "How do I ...?" +msgstr "我应如何 ...？" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:125 +msgid "These are quick answers or links for some common tasks." +msgstr "这是一些常见任务的快速解答或相关链接。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:128 +msgid "... install ``pip`` in versions of Python prior to Python 3.4?" +msgstr "... 在 Python 3.4 之前的 Python 版本中安装 ``pip`` ？" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Python only started bundling ``pip`` with Python 3.4. For earlier versions, " +"``pip`` needs to be \"bootstrapped\" as described in the Python Packaging " +"User Guide." +msgstr "" +"Python 捆绑 ``pip`` 是从 Python 3.4 才开始的。 对于更早的版本，``pip`` 需要“引导安装”，具体说明参见 Python" +" 软件包用户指南。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:136 +msgid "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide: Requirements for Installing Packages " +"`__" +msgstr "" +"`Python 软件包用户指南：安装软件包的前提要求 " +"`__" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:143 +msgid "... install packages just for the current user?" +msgstr "... 只为当前用户安装软件包？" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Passing the ``--user`` option to ``python -m pip install`` will install a " +"package just for the current user, rather than for all users of the system." +msgstr "将 ``--user`` 选项传入 ``python -m pip install`` 将只为当前用户而非为系统中的所有用户安装软件包。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:150 +msgid "... install scientific Python packages?" +msgstr "... 安装科学计算类 Python 软件包？" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:152 +msgid "" +"A number of scientific Python packages have complex binary dependencies, and" +" aren't currently easy to install using ``pip`` directly. At this point in " +"time, it will often be easier for users to install these packages by `other " +"means `__ rather than attempting to " +"install them with ``pip``." +msgstr "" +"许多科学计算类 Python 软件包都有复杂的二进制编译文件依赖，直接使用 ``pip`` 安装目前并不太容易。 在当前情况下，通过 `其他方式 " +"`__ 而非尝试用 ``pip`` 安装这些软件包对用户来说通常会更容易。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:160 +msgid "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Scientific Packages " +"`__" +msgstr "`Python 软件包用户指南：安装科学计算类软件包 `__" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:165 +msgid "... work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel?" +msgstr "... 使用并行安装的多个 Python 版本？" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:167 +msgid "" +"On Linux, macOS, and other POSIX systems, use the versioned Python commands " +"in combination with the ``-m`` switch to run the appropriate copy of " +"``pip``::" +msgstr "" +"在 Linux, macOS 以及其他 POSIX 系统中，使用带版本号的 Python 命令配合 ``-m`` 开关选项来运行特定版本的 " +"``pip``::" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:171 +msgid "" +"python2 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 2\n" +"python2.7 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 2.7\n" +"python3 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 3\n" +"python3.4 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 3.4" +msgstr "" +"python2 -m pip install SomePackage # 默认 Python 2\n" +"python2.7 -m pip install SomePackage # 指明 Python 2.7\n" +"python3 -m pip install SomePackage # 默认 Python 3\n" +"python3.4 -m pip install SomePackage # 指明 Python 3.4" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:176 +msgid "Appropriately versioned ``pip`` commands may also be available." +msgstr "也可以使用带特定版本号的 ``pip`` 命令。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:178 +msgid "" +"On Windows, use the ``py`` Python launcher in combination with the ``-m`` " +"switch::" +msgstr "在 Windows 中，使用 ``py`` Python 启动器命令配合 ``-m`` 开关选项::" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:181 +msgid "" +"py -2 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 2\n" +"py -2.7 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 2.7\n" +"py -3 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 3\n" +"py -3.4 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 3.4" +msgstr "" +"py -2 -m pip install SomePackage # 默认 Python 2\n" +"py -2.7 -m pip install SomePackage # 指明 Python 2.7\n" +"py -3 -m pip install SomePackage # 默认 Python 3\n" +"py -3.4 -m pip install SomePackage # 指明 Python 3.4" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:195 +msgid "Common installation issues" +msgstr "常见的安装问题" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:198 +msgid "Installing into the system Python on Linux" +msgstr "在 Linux 的系统 Python 版本上安装" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:200 +msgid "" +"On Linux systems, a Python installation will typically be included as part " +"of the distribution. Installing into this Python installation requires root " +"access to the system, and may interfere with the operation of the system " +"package manager and other components of the system if a component is " +"unexpectedly upgraded using ``pip``." +msgstr "" +"Linux 系统通常会将某个 Python 版本作为发行版的一部分包含在内。 将软件包安装到这个 Python 版本上需要系统 root " +"权限，并可能会干扰到系统包管理器和其他系统组件的运作，如果这些组件在使用 ``pip`` 时被意外升级的话。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:206 +msgid "" +"On such systems, it is often better to use a virtual environment or a per-" +"user installation when installing packages with ``pip``." +msgstr "在这样的系统上，通过 ``pip`` 安装软件包通常最好是使用虚拟环境或分用户安装。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:211 +msgid "Pip not installed" +msgstr "未安装 pip" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:213 +msgid "" +"It is possible that ``pip`` does not get installed by default. One potential" +" fix is::" +msgstr "默认情况下可能未安装 ``pip``，一种可选解决方案是::" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:215 +msgid "python -m ensurepip --default-pip" +msgstr "python -m ensurepip --default-pip" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:217 +msgid "" +"There are also additional resources for `installing pip. " +"`__" +msgstr "" +"还有其他附加资源可用来 `安装 pip。 " +"`__" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:222 +msgid "Installing binary extensions" +msgstr "安装二进制编译扩展" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Python has typically relied heavily on source based distribution, with end " +"users being expected to compile extension modules from source as part of the" +" installation process." +msgstr "Python 通常非常依赖基于源代码的发布方式，也就是期望最终用户在安装过程中使用源码来编译生成扩展模块。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:228 +msgid "" +"With the introduction of support for the binary ``wheel`` format, and the " +"ability to publish wheels for at least Windows and macOS through the Python " +"Package Index, this problem is expected to diminish over time, as users are " +"more regularly able to install pre-built extensions rather than needing to " +"build them themselves." +msgstr "" +"随着对二进制码 ``wheel`` 格式支持的引入，以及通过 Python Package Index 至少发布 Windows 和 macOS 版的 " +"wheel 文件，预计此问题将逐步得到解决，因为用户将能够更频繁地安装预编译扩展，而不再需要自己编译它们。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Some of the solutions for installing `scientific software " +"`__ that are not yet available as " +"pre-built ``wheel`` files may also help with obtaining other binary " +"extensions without needing to build them locally." +msgstr "" +"某些用来安装 `科学计算类软件包 `__ 的解决方案对于尚未提供预编译 " +"``wheel`` 文件的那些扩展模块来说，也有助于用户在无需进行本机编译的情况下获取二进制码扩展模块。" + +#: ../../installing/index.rst:241 +msgid "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions " +"`__" +msgstr "`Python 软件包用户指南：二进制码扩展 `__" diff --git a/library/2to3.po b/library/2to3.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d18f18d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/2to3.po @@ -0,0 +1,733 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cissoid , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:4 +msgid "2to3 --- Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" +msgstr "2to3 --- 自动化的 Python 2 到 3 代码转写" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:8 +msgid "" +"2to3 is a Python program that reads Python 2.x source code and applies a " +"series of *fixers* to transform it into valid Python 3.x code. The standard" +" library contains a rich set of fixers that will handle almost all code. " +"2to3 supporting library :mod:`lib2to3` is, however, a flexible and generic " +"library, so it is possible to write your own fixers for 2to3." +msgstr "" +"2to3 是一个 Python 程序，它可以读取 Python 2.x 的源代码并使用一系列的 *修复器* 来将其转换为合法的 Python 3.x " +"代码。 标准库已包含了丰富的修复器，这足以处理几乎所有代码。 不过 2to3 的支持库 :mod:`lib2to3` " +"是一个很灵活通用的库，所以还可以编写你自己的 2to3 修复器。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The ``lib2to3`` module was marked pending for deprecation in Python 3.9 " +"(raising :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` on import) and fully deprecated in" +" Python 3.11 (raising :exc:`DeprecationWarning`). The ``2to3`` tool is part" +" of that. It will be removed in Python 3.13." +msgstr "" +"``lib2to3`` 模块在 Python 3.9 中被标记为即将弃用 (在导入时引发 " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`) 并在 Python 3.11 中正式弃用 (引发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`)。 ``2to3`` 工具是它的一部分。 它将在 Python 3.13 中被移除。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:23 +msgid "Using 2to3" +msgstr "使用 2to3" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:25 +msgid "" +"2to3 will usually be installed with the Python interpreter as a script. It " +"is also located in the :file:`Tools/scripts` directory of the Python root." +msgstr "" +"2to3 通常会作为脚本和 Python 解释器一起安装，你可以在 Python 根目录的 :file:`Tools/scripts` 文件夹下找到它。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:28 +msgid "" +"2to3's basic arguments are a list of files or directories to transform. The" +" directories are recursively traversed for Python sources." +msgstr "2to3 的基本调用参数是一个需要转换的文件或目录列表。对于目录，会递归地寻找其中的 Python 源码。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:31 +msgid "Here is a sample Python 2.x source file, :file:`example.py`::" +msgstr "这里有一个 Python 2.x 的源码文件，:file:`example.py`：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:39 +msgid "It can be converted to Python 3.x code via 2to3 on the command line:" +msgstr "它可以在命令行中使用 2to3 转换成 Python 3.x 版本的代码：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:45 +msgid "" +"A diff against the original source file is printed. 2to3 can also write the" +" needed modifications right back to the source file. (A backup of the " +"original file is made unless :option:`!-n` is also given.) Writing the " +"changes back is enabled with the :option:`!-w` flag:" +msgstr "" +"这个命令会打印出和源文件的区别。通过传入 :option:`!-w` 参数，2to3 也可以把需要的修改写回到原文件中（除非传入了 " +":option:`!-n` 参数，否则会为原始文件创建一个副本）：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:54 +msgid "After transformation, :file:`example.py` looks like this::" +msgstr "在转换完成后，:file:`example.py` 看起来像是这样：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Comments and exact indentation are preserved throughout the translation " +"process." +msgstr "注释和缩进都会在转换过程中保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:64 +msgid "" +"By default, 2to3 runs a set of :ref:`predefined fixers <2to3-fixers>`. The " +":option:`!-l` flag lists all available fixers. An explicit set of fixers to" +" run can be given with :option:`!-f`. Likewise the :option:`!-x` explicitly" +" disables a fixer. The following example runs only the ``imports`` and " +"``has_key`` fixers:" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，2to3 会执行 :ref:`预定义修复器 <2to3-fixers>` 的集合。使用 :option:`!-l` " +"参数可以列出所有可用的修复器。使用 :option:`!-f` 参数可以明确指定需要使用的修复器集合。而使用 :option:`!-x` " +"参数则可以明确指定不使用的修复器。下面的例子会只使用 ``imports`` 和 ``has_key`` 修复器运行：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:73 +msgid "This command runs every fixer except the ``apply`` fixer:" +msgstr "这个命令会执行除了 ``apply`` 之外的所有修复器：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Some fixers are *explicit*, meaning they aren't run by default and must be " +"listed on the command line to be run. Here, in addition to the default " +"fixers, the ``idioms`` fixer is run:" +msgstr "" +"有一些修复器是需要 *显式指定* 的，它们默认不会执行，必须在命令行中列出才会执行。比如下面的例子，除了默认的修复器以外，还会执行 ``idioms``" +" 修复器：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:87 +msgid "Notice how passing ``all`` enables all default fixers." +msgstr "注意这里使用 ``all`` 来启用所有默认的修复器。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Sometimes 2to3 will find a place in your source code that needs to be " +"changed, but 2to3 cannot fix automatically. In this case, 2to3 will print a" +" warning beneath the diff for a file. You should address the warning in " +"order to have compliant 3.x code." +msgstr "" +"有些情况下 2to3 会找到源码中有一些需要修改，但是无法自动处理的代码。在这种情况下，2to3 " +"会在差异处下面打印一个警告信息。你应该定位到相应的代码并对其进行修改，以使其兼容 Python 3.x。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:94 +msgid "" +"2to3 can also refactor doctests. To enable this mode, use the :option:`!-d`" +" flag. Note that *only* doctests will be refactored. This also doesn't " +"require the module to be valid Python. For example, doctest like examples " +"in a reST document could also be refactored with this option." +msgstr "" +"2to3 也可以重构 doctests。使用 :option:`!-d` 开启这个模式。需要注意*只有* doctests " +"会被重构。这种模式下不需要文件是合法的 Python 代码。举例来说，reST 文档中类似 doctests 的示例也可以使用这个选项进行重构。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:99 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!-v` option enables output of more information on the " +"translation process." +msgstr ":option:`!-v` 选项可以输出更多转换程序的详细信息。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Since some print statements can be parsed as function calls or statements, " +"2to3 cannot always read files containing the print function. When 2to3 " +"detects the presence of the ``from __future__ import print_function`` " +"compiler directive, it modifies its internal grammar to interpret " +":func:`print` as a function. This change can also be enabled manually with " +"the :option:`!-p` flag. Use :option:`!-p` to run fixers on code that " +"already has had its print statements converted. Also :option:`!-e` can be " +"used to make :func:`exec` a function." +msgstr "" +"由于某些 print 语句可被解读为函数调用或是语句，2to3 并不总能读取包含 print 函数的文件。 当 2to3 检测到存在 ``from " +"__future__ import print_function`` 编译器指令时，会修改其内部语法将 :func:`print` 解读为函数。 " +"这一变动也可以使用 :option:`!-p` 旗标手动开启。 使用 :option:`!-p` 来为已转换过 print 语句的代码运行修复器。 " +"也可以使用 :option:`!-e` 将 :func:`exec` 解读为函数。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:110 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!-o` or :option:`!--output-dir` option allows specification of " +"an alternate directory for processed output files to be written to. The " +":option:`!-n` flag is required when using this as backup files do not make " +"sense when not overwriting the input files." +msgstr "" +":option:`!-o` 或 :option:`!--output-dir` " +"选项可以指定将转换后的文件写入其他目录中。由于这种情况下不会覆写原始文件，所以创建副本文件毫无意义，因此也需要使用 :option:`!-n` " +"选项来禁用创建副本。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:115 +msgid "The :option:`!-o` option was added." +msgstr "增加了 :option:`!-o` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!-W` or :option:`!--write-unchanged-files` flag tells 2to3 to " +"always write output files even if no changes were required to the file. " +"This is most useful with :option:`!-o` so that an entire Python source tree " +"is copied with translation from one directory to another. This option " +"implies the :option:`!-w` flag as it would not make sense otherwise." +msgstr "" +":option:`!-W` 或 :option:`!--write-unchanged-files` 选项用来告诉 2to3 " +"始终需要输出文件，即使没有任何改动。这在使用 :option:`!-o` 参数时十分有用，这样就可以将整个 Python " +"源码包完整地转换到另一个目录。这个选项隐含了 :option:`!-w` 选项，否则等于没有作用。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:124 +msgid "The :option:`!-W` flag was added." +msgstr "增加了 :option:`!-W` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:127 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--add-suffix` option specifies a string to append to all " +"output filenames. The :option:`!-n` flag is required when specifying this " +"as backups are not necessary when writing to different filenames. Example:" +msgstr "" +":option:`!--add-suffix` " +"选项接受一个字符串，用来作为后缀附加在输出文件名后面的后面。由于写入的文件名与原始文件不同，所以没有必要创建副本，因此 :option:`!-n` " +"选项也是必要的。举个例子：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:135 +msgid "Will cause a converted file named ``example.py3`` to be written." +msgstr "这样会把转换后的文件写入 ``example.py3`` 文件。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:137 +msgid "The :option:`!--add-suffix` option was added." +msgstr "增加了 :option:`!--add-suffix` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:140 +msgid "To translate an entire project from one directory tree to another use:" +msgstr "将整个项目从一个目录转换到另一个目录可以用这样的命令：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:150 +msgid "Fixers" +msgstr "修复器" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Each step of transforming code is encapsulated in a fixer. The command " +"``2to3 -l`` lists them. As :ref:`documented above <2to3-using>`, each can " +"be turned on and off individually. They are described here in more detail." +msgstr "" +"转换代码的每一个步骤都封装在修复器中。可以使用 ``2to3 -l`` 来列出可用的修复器。:ref:`之前已经提到 " +"<2to3-using>`，每个修复器都可以独立地打开或是关闭。下面会对各个修复器做更详细的描述。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Removes usage of :func:`apply`. For example ``apply(function, *args, " +"**kwargs)`` is converted to ``function(*args, **kwargs)``." +msgstr "" +"移除对 :func:`apply` 的使用，举例来说，``apply(function, *args, **kwargs)`` 会被转换成 " +"``function(*args, **kwargs)``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:164 +msgid "" +"Replaces deprecated :mod:`unittest` method names with the correct ones." +msgstr "将已弃用的 :mod:`unittest` 方法替换为正确的。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:167 ../../library/2to3.rst:356 +msgid "From" +msgstr "从" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:167 ../../library/2to3.rst:356 +msgid "To" +msgstr "到" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:169 +msgid "``failUnlessEqual(a, b)``" +msgstr "``failUnlessEqual(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:169 ../../library/2to3.rst:171 +msgid ":meth:`assertEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:171 +msgid "``assertEquals(a, b)``" +msgstr "``assertEquals(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:173 +msgid "``failIfEqual(a, b)``" +msgstr "``failIfEqual(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:173 ../../library/2to3.rst:175 +msgid ":meth:`assertNotEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertNotEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:175 +msgid "``assertNotEquals(a, b)``" +msgstr "``assertNotEquals(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:177 +msgid "``failUnless(a)``" +msgstr "``failUnless(a)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:177 ../../library/2to3.rst:179 +msgid ":meth:`assertTrue(a) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertTrue(a) `" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:179 +msgid "``assert_(a)``" +msgstr "``assert_(a)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:181 +msgid "``failIf(a)``" +msgstr "``failIf(a)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:181 +msgid ":meth:`assertFalse(a) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertFalse(a) `" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:183 +msgid "``failUnlessRaises(exc, cal)``" +msgstr "``failUnlessRaises(exc, cal)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:183 +msgid ":meth:`assertRaises(exc, cal) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertRaises(exc, cal) `" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:185 +msgid "``failUnlessAlmostEqual(a, b)``" +msgstr "``failUnlessAlmostEqual(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:185 ../../library/2to3.rst:187 +msgid ":meth:`assertAlmostEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertAlmostEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:187 +msgid "``assertAlmostEquals(a, b)``" +msgstr "``assertAlmostEquals(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:189 +msgid "``failIfAlmostEqual(a, b)``" +msgstr "``failIfAlmostEqual(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:189 ../../library/2to3.rst:191 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertNotAlmostEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr "" +":meth:`assertNotAlmostEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:191 +msgid "``assertNotAlmostEquals(a, b)``" +msgstr "``assertNotAlmostEquals(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:197 +msgid "Converts :class:`basestring` to :class:`str`." +msgstr "将 :class:`basestring` 转换为 :class:`str`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:201 +msgid "" +"Converts :class:`buffer` to :class:`memoryview`. This fixer is optional " +"because the :class:`memoryview` API is similar but not exactly the same as " +"that of :class:`buffer`." +msgstr "" +"将 :class:`buffer` 转换为 :class:`memoryview`。这个修复器是可选的，因为 :class:`memoryview` " +"API 和 :class:`buffer` 很相似，但不完全一样。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Fixes dictionary iteration methods. :meth:`dict.iteritems` is converted to " +":meth:`dict.items`, :meth:`dict.iterkeys` to :meth:`dict.keys`, and " +":meth:`dict.itervalues` to :meth:`dict.values`. Similarly, " +":meth:`dict.viewitems`, :meth:`dict.viewkeys` and :meth:`dict.viewvalues` " +"are converted respectively to :meth:`dict.items`, :meth:`dict.keys` and " +":meth:`dict.values`. It also wraps existing usages of :meth:`dict.items`, " +":meth:`dict.keys`, and :meth:`dict.values` in a call to :class:`list`." +msgstr "" +"修复字典迭代方法。:meth:`dict.iteritems` 会转换成 " +":meth:`dict.items`，:meth:`dict.iterkeys` 会转换成 " +":meth:`dict.keys`，:meth:`dict.itervalues` 会转换成 " +":meth:`dict.values`。类似的，:meth:`dict.viewitems`，:meth:`dict.viewkeys` 和 " +":meth:`dict.viewvalues` 会分别转换成 :meth:`dict.items`，:meth:`dict.keys` 和 " +":meth:`dict.values`。另外也会将原有的 :meth:`dict.items`，:meth:`dict.keys` 和 " +":meth:`dict.values` 方法调用用 :class:`list` 包装一层。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:217 +msgid "Converts ``except X, T`` to ``except X as T``." +msgstr "将 ``except X, T`` 转换为 ``except X as T``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:221 +msgid "Converts the ``exec`` statement to the :func:`exec` function." +msgstr "将 ``exec`` 语句转换为 :func:`exec` 函数调用。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Removes usage of :func:`execfile`. The argument to :func:`execfile` is " +"wrapped in calls to :func:`open`, :func:`compile`, and :func:`exec`." +msgstr "" +"移除 :func:`execfile` 的使用。:func:`execfile` 的实参会使用 :func:`open`，:func:`compile`" +" 和 :func:`exec` 包装。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Changes assignment of :attr:`sys.exitfunc` to use of the :mod:`atexit` " +"module." +msgstr "将对 :attr:`sys.exitfunc` 的赋值改为使用 :mod:`atexit` 模块代替。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:235 +msgid "Wraps :func:`filter` usage in a :class:`list` call." +msgstr "将 :func:`filter` 函数用 :class:`list` 包装一层。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Fixes function attributes that have been renamed. For example, " +"``my_function.func_closure`` is converted to ``my_function.__closure__``." +msgstr "" +"修复已经重命名的函数属性。比如 ``my_function.func_closure`` 会被转换为 " +"``my_function.__closure__``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:244 +msgid "Removes ``from __future__ import new_feature`` statements." +msgstr "移除 ``from __future__ import new_feature`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:248 +msgid "Renames :func:`os.getcwdu` to :func:`os.getcwd`." +msgstr "将 :func:`os.getcwdu` 重命名为 :func:`os.getcwd`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:252 +msgid "Changes ``dict.has_key(key)`` to ``key in dict``." +msgstr "将 ``dict.has_key(key)`` 转换为 ``key in dict``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:256 +msgid "" +"This optional fixer performs several transformations that make Python code " +"more idiomatic. Type comparisons like ``type(x) is SomeClass`` and " +"``type(x) == SomeClass`` are converted to ``isinstance(x, SomeClass)``. " +"``while 1`` becomes ``while True``. This fixer also tries to make use of " +":func:`sorted` in appropriate places. For example, this block ::" +msgstr "" +"这是一个可选的修复器，会进行多种转换，将 Python 代码变成更加常见的写法。类似 ``type(x) is SomeClass`` 和 " +"``type(x) == SomeClass`` 的类型对比会被转换成 ``isinstance(x, SomeClass)``。``while 1``" +" 转换成 ``while True``。这个修复器还会在合适的地方使用 :func:`sorted` 函数。举个例子，这样的代码块：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:265 +msgid "is changed to ::" +msgstr "会被转换为：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:271 +msgid "Detects sibling imports and converts them to relative imports." +msgstr "检测 sibling imports，并将其转换成相对 import。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:275 +msgid "Handles module renames in the standard library." +msgstr "处理标准库模块的重命名。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Handles other modules renames in the standard library. It is separate from " +"the :2to3fixer:`imports` fixer only because of technical limitations." +msgstr "处理标准库中其他模块的重命名。这个修复器由于一些技术上的限制，因此和 :2to3fixer:`imports` 拆分开了。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:284 +msgid "Converts ``input(prompt)`` to ``eval(input(prompt))``." +msgstr "将 ``input(prompt)`` 转换为 ``eval(input(prompt))``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:288 +msgid "Converts :func:`intern` to :func:`sys.intern`." +msgstr "将 :func:`intern` 转换为 :func:`sys.intern`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Fixes duplicate types in the second argument of :func:`isinstance`. For " +"example, ``isinstance(x, (int, int))`` is converted to ``isinstance(x, " +"int)`` and ``isinstance(x, (int, float, int))`` is converted to " +"``isinstance(x, (int, float))``." +msgstr "" +"修复 :func:`isinstance` 函数第二个实参中重复的类型。举例来说，``isinstance(x, (int, int))`` 会转换为 " +"``isinstance(x, int)``, ``isinstance(x, (int, float, int))`` 会转换为 " +"``isinstance(x, (int, float))``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Removes imports of :func:`itertools.ifilter`, :func:`itertools.izip`, and " +":func:`itertools.imap`. Imports of :func:`itertools.ifilterfalse` are also " +"changed to :func:`itertools.filterfalse`." +msgstr "" +"移除 :func:`itertools.ifilter`，:func:`itertools.izip` 以及 " +":func:`itertools.imap` 的 import。对 :func:`itertools.ifilterfalse` 的 import " +"也会替换成 :func:`itertools.filterfalse`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Changes usage of :func:`itertools.ifilter`, :func:`itertools.izip`, and " +":func:`itertools.imap` to their built-in equivalents. " +":func:`itertools.ifilterfalse` is changed to :func:`itertools.filterfalse`." +msgstr "" +"修改 :func:`itertools.ifilter`，:func:`itertools.izip` 和 :func:`itertools.imap`" +" 的调用为对应的内建实现。:func:`itertools.ifilterfalse` 会替换成 " +":func:`itertools.filterfalse`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:311 +msgid "Renames :class:`long` to :class:`int`." +msgstr "将 :class:`long` 重命名为 :class:`int`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Wraps :func:`map` in a :class:`list` call. It also changes ``map(None, x)``" +" to ``list(x)``. Using ``from future_builtins import map`` disables this " +"fixer." +msgstr "" +"用 :class:`list` 包装 :func:`map`。同时也会将 ``map(None, x)`` 替换为 ``list(x)``。使用 " +"``from future_builtins import map`` 禁用这个修复器。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:321 +msgid "" +"Converts the old metaclass syntax (``__metaclass__ = Meta`` in the class " +"body) to the new (``class X(metaclass=Meta)``)." +msgstr "" +"将老的元类语法（类体中的 ``__metaclass__ = Meta``）替换为新的（``class X(metaclass=Meta)``）。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Fixes old method attribute names. For example, ``meth.im_func`` is " +"converted to ``meth.__func__``." +msgstr "修复老的方法属性名。例如 ``meth.im_func`` 会被转换为 ``meth.__func__``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:331 +msgid "Converts the old not-equal syntax, ``<>``, to ``!=``." +msgstr "转换老的不等语法，将 ``<>`` 转为 ``!=``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Converts the use of iterator's :meth:`~iterator.next` methods to the " +":func:`next` function. It also renames :meth:`next` methods to " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__`." +msgstr "" +"将迭代器的 :meth:`~iterator.next` 方法调用转为 :func:`next` 函数。也会将 :meth:`next` 方法重命名为 " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Renames definitions of methods called :meth:`__nonzero__` to " +":meth:`~object.__bool__`." +msgstr "将被调用的方法定义 :meth:`__nonzero__` 改名为 :meth:`~object.__bool__`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:346 +msgid "Converts octal literals into the new syntax." +msgstr "将八进制字面量转为新的语法。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:350 +msgid "" +"Converts calls to various functions in the :mod:`operator` module to other, " +"but equivalent, function calls. When needed, the appropriate ``import`` " +"statements are added, e.g. ``import collections.abc``. The following " +"mapping are made:" +msgstr "" +"将 :mod:`operator` 模块中的许多方法调用转为其他的等效函数调用。如果有需要，会添加适当的 ``import`` 语句，比如 " +"``import collections.abc``。有以下转换映射：" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:358 +msgid "``operator.isCallable(obj)``" +msgstr "``operator.isCallable(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:358 +msgid "``callable(obj)``" +msgstr "``callable(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:359 +msgid "``operator.sequenceIncludes(obj)``" +msgstr "``operator.sequenceIncludes(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:359 +msgid "``operator.contains(obj)``" +msgstr "``operator.contains(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:360 +msgid "``operator.isSequenceType(obj)``" +msgstr "``operator.isSequenceType(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:360 +msgid "``isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Sequence)``" +msgstr "``isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Sequence)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:361 +msgid "``operator.isMappingType(obj)``" +msgstr "``operator.isMappingType(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:361 +msgid "``isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping)``" +msgstr "``isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:362 +msgid "``operator.isNumberType(obj)``" +msgstr "``operator.isNumberType(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:362 +msgid "``isinstance(obj, numbers.Number)``" +msgstr "``isinstance(obj, numbers.Number)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:363 +msgid "``operator.repeat(obj, n)``" +msgstr "``operator.repeat(obj, n)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:363 +msgid "``operator.mul(obj, n)``" +msgstr "``operator.mul(obj, n)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:364 +msgid "``operator.irepeat(obj, n)``" +msgstr "``operator.irepeat(obj, n)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:364 +msgid "``operator.imul(obj, n)``" +msgstr "``operator.imul(obj, n)``" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Add extra parenthesis where they are required in list comprehensions. For " +"example, ``[x for x in 1, 2]`` becomes ``[x for x in (1, 2)]``." +msgstr "在列表生成式中增加必须的括号。例如将 ``[x for x in 1, 2]`` 转换为 ``[x for x in (1, 2)]``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:374 +msgid "Converts the ``print`` statement to the :func:`print` function." +msgstr "将 ``print`` 语句转换为 :func:`print` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Converts ``raise E, V`` to ``raise E(V)``, and ``raise E, V, T`` to ``raise " +"E(V).with_traceback(T)``. If ``E`` is a tuple, the translation will be " +"incorrect because substituting tuples for exceptions has been removed in " +"3.0." +msgstr "" +"将 ``raise E, V`` 转换为 ``raise E(V)``，将 ``raise E, V, T`` 转换为 ``raise " +"E(V).with_traceback(T)``。如果 ``E`` 是元组，这样的转换是不正确的，因为用元组代替异常的做法在 3.0 中已经移除了。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:384 +msgid "Converts :func:`raw_input` to :func:`input`." +msgstr "将 :func:`raw_input` 转换为 :func:`input`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:388 +msgid "Handles the move of :func:`reduce` to :func:`functools.reduce`." +msgstr "将 :func:`reduce` 转换为 :func:`functools.reduce`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:392 +msgid "Converts :func:`reload` to :func:`importlib.reload`." +msgstr "将 :func:`reload` 转换为 :func:`importlib.reload`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:396 +msgid "Changes :data:`sys.maxint` to :data:`sys.maxsize`." +msgstr "将 :data:`sys.maxint` 转换为 :data:`sys.maxsize`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:400 +msgid "Replaces backtick repr with the :func:`repr` function." +msgstr "将反引号 repr 表达式替换为 :func:`repr` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Replaces use of the :class:`set` constructor with set literals. This fixer " +"is optional." +msgstr "将 :class:`set` 构造函数替换为 set literals 写法。这个修复器是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:409 +msgid "Renames :exc:`StandardError` to :exc:`Exception`." +msgstr "将 :exc:`StandardError` 重命名为 :exc:`Exception`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Changes the deprecated :data:`sys.exc_value`, :data:`sys.exc_type`, " +":data:`sys.exc_traceback` to use :func:`sys.exc_info`." +msgstr "" +"将弃用的 :data:`sys.exc_value`，:data:`sys.exc_type`，:data:`sys.exc_traceback` " +"替换为 :func:`sys.exc_info` 的用法。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:418 +msgid "Fixes the API change in generator's :meth:`throw` method." +msgstr "修复生成器的 :meth:`throw` 方法的 API 变更。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Removes implicit tuple parameter unpacking. This fixer inserts temporary " +"variables." +msgstr "移除隐式的元组参数解包。这个修复器会插入临时变量。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:427 +msgid "" +"Fixes code broken from the removal of some members in the :mod:`types` " +"module." +msgstr "修复 :mod:`type` 模块中一些成员的移除引起的代码问题。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:432 +msgid "Renames :class:`unicode` to :class:`str`." +msgstr "将 :class:`unicode` 重命名为 :class:`str`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Handles the rename of :mod:`urllib` and :mod:`urllib2` to the :mod:`urllib` " +"package." +msgstr "将 :mod:`urllib` 和 :mod:`urllib2` 重命名为 :mod:`urllib` 包。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:441 +msgid "" +"Removes excess whitespace from comma separated items. This fixer is " +"optional." +msgstr "移除逗号分隔的元素之间多余的空白。这个修复器是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Renames :func:`xrange` to :func:`range` and wraps existing :func:`range` " +"calls with :class:`list`." +msgstr "" +"将 :func:`xrange` 重命名为 :func:`range`，并用 :class:`list` 包装原有的 :func:`range`。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:451 +msgid "Changes ``for x in file.xreadlines()`` to ``for x in file``." +msgstr "将 ``for x in file.xreadlines()`` 转换为 ``for x in file``。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:455 +msgid "" +"Wraps :func:`zip` usage in a :class:`list` call. This is disabled when " +"``from future_builtins import zip`` appears." +msgstr "" +"用 :class:`list` 包装 :func:`zip`。如果使用了 ``from future_builtins import zip`` " +"的话会禁用。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:460 +msgid ":mod:`lib2to3` --- 2to3's library" +msgstr ":mod:`lib2to3` --- 2to3 的库" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:469 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/lib2to3/`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/lib2to3/`" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Python 3.9 switched to a PEG parser (see :pep:`617`) while lib2to3 is using " +"a less flexible LL(1) parser. Python 3.10 includes new language syntax that" +" is not parsable by lib2to3's LL(1) parser (see :pep:`634`). The ``lib2to3``" +" module was marked pending for deprecation in Python 3.9 (raising " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` on import) and fully deprecated in Python " +"3.11 (raising :exc:`DeprecationWarning`). It will be removed from the " +"standard library in Python 3.13. Consider third-party alternatives such as " +"`LibCST`_ or `parso`_." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.9 已切换至 PEG 解析器 (参见 :pep:`617`) 而 lib2to3 是使用不够灵活的 LL(1) 解析器。 Python" +" 3.10 包括了 lib2to3 的 LL(1) 解析器所无法解析的新增语言特性 (参见 :pep:`634`)。 ``lib2to3`` 模块已在 " +"Python 3.9 中被标记为即将弃用 (在导入时会引发 :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`) 并会在 Python " +"3.11 中被正式弃用 (会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`)。 它将在 Python 3.13 中被移出标准库。 请考虑使用 " +"`LibCST`_ 或 `parso`_ 等第三方替代品。" + +#: ../../library/2to3.rst:485 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`lib2to3` API should be considered unstable and may change " +"drastically in the future." +msgstr ":mod:`lib2to3` API 并不稳定，并可能在未来大幅修改。" diff --git a/library/__future__.po b/library/__future__.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5156dfa7d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/__future__.po @@ -0,0 +1,342 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cissoid , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# dannyvi , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!__future__` --- Future statement definitions" +msgstr ":mod:`!__future__` --- Future 语句定义" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/__future__.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/__future__.py`" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Imports of the form ``from __future__ import feature`` are called " +":ref:`future statements `. These are special-cased by the Python " +"compiler to allow the use of new Python features in modules containing the " +"future statement before the release in which the feature becomes standard." +msgstr "" +"``from __future__ import feature`` 形式的导入被称为 :ref:`future 语句 `。 它们会被 " +"Python 编译器当作特例，通过包含 future 语句来允许新的 Python 特性在该特性成为语言标准之前发布的模块中使用。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:16 +msgid "" +"While these future statements are given additional special meaning by the " +"Python compiler, they are still executed like any other import statement and" +" the :mod:`__future__` exists and is handled by the import system the same " +"way any other Python module would be. This design serves three purposes:" +msgstr "" +"虽然这些future 语句被 Python 编译器赋予了额外的特殊含义，但它们仍然像会其他导入语句一样被执行，而 :mod:`__future__` " +"的存在和被导入系统处理的方式与其他任何 Python 模块的相同。 这种设计有三个目的：" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:21 +msgid "" +"To avoid confusing existing tools that analyze import statements and expect " +"to find the modules they're importing." +msgstr "避免混淆已有的分析 import 语句并查找 import 的模块的工具。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:24 +msgid "" +"To document when incompatible changes were introduced, and when they will be" +" --- or were --- made mandatory. This is a form of executable " +"documentation, and can be inspected programmatically via importing " +":mod:`__future__` and examining its contents." +msgstr "" +"当引入不兼容的修改时，可以记录其引入的时间以及强制使用的时间。这是一种可执行的文档，并且可以通过 import :mod:`__future__` " +"来做程序性的检查。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:29 +msgid "" +"To ensure that :ref:`future statements ` run under releases prior to" +" Python 2.1 at least yield runtime exceptions (the import of " +":mod:`__future__` will fail, because there was no module of that name prior " +"to 2.1)." +msgstr "" +"确保 :ref:`future 语句 ` 在 Python 2.1 之前的发布版上运行时至少能抛出运行时异常（对 " +":mod:`__future__` 的导入将失败，因为will fail, because there was no module of that " +"name prior to 2.1 之前没有这个模块名称）。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:34 +msgid "Module Contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:36 +msgid "" +"No feature description will ever be deleted from :mod:`__future__`. Since " +"its introduction in Python 2.1 the following features have found their way " +"into the language using this mechanism:" +msgstr ":mod:`__future__` 中不会删除特性的描述。从 Python 2.1 中首次加入以来，通过这种方式引入了以下特性：" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:41 +msgid "feature" +msgstr "特性" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:41 +msgid "optional in" +msgstr "可选版本" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:41 +msgid "mandatory in" +msgstr "强制加入版本" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:41 +msgid "effect" +msgstr "效果" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:43 +msgid "nested_scopes" +msgstr "nested_scopes" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:43 +msgid "2.1.0b1" +msgstr "2.1.0b1" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:43 +msgid "2.2" +msgstr "2.2" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:43 +msgid ":pep:`227`: *Statically Nested Scopes*" +msgstr ":pep:`227`: *静态嵌套作用域*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:46 +msgid "generators" +msgstr "generators" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:46 +msgid "2.2.0a1" +msgstr "2.2.0a1" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:46 +msgid "2.3" +msgstr "2.3" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:46 +msgid ":pep:`255`: *Simple Generators*" +msgstr ":pep:`255`: *简单生成器*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:49 +msgid "division" +msgstr "division" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:49 +msgid "2.2.0a2" +msgstr "2.2.0a2" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:49 ../../library/__future__.rst:52 +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:58 ../../library/__future__.rst:61 +msgid "3.0" +msgstr "3.0" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:49 +msgid ":pep:`238`: *Changing the Division Operator*" +msgstr ":pep:`238`: *修改除法运算符*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:52 +msgid "absolute_import" +msgstr "absolute_import" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:52 ../../library/__future__.rst:55 +msgid "2.5.0a1" +msgstr "2.5.0a1" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:52 +msgid ":pep:`328`: *Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative*" +msgstr ":pep:`328`: *导入：多行与绝对/相对*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:55 +msgid "with_statement" +msgstr "with_statement" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:55 +msgid "2.6" +msgstr "2.6" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:55 +msgid ":pep:`343`: *The \"with\" Statement*" +msgstr ":pep:`343`: * \"with\" 语句*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:58 +msgid "print_function" +msgstr "print_function" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:58 ../../library/__future__.rst:61 +msgid "2.6.0a2" +msgstr "2.6.0a2" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:58 +msgid ":pep:`3105`: *Make print a function*" +msgstr ":pep:`3105`: *print 改为函数*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:61 +msgid "unicode_literals" +msgstr "unicode_literals" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:61 +msgid ":pep:`3112`: *Bytes literals in Python 3000*" +msgstr ":pep:`3112`: *Python 3000 中的字节字面值*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:64 +msgid "generator_stop" +msgstr "generator_stop" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:64 +msgid "3.5.0b1" +msgstr "3.5.0b1" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:64 +msgid "3.7" +msgstr "3.7" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:64 +msgid ":pep:`479`: *StopIteration handling inside generators*" +msgstr ":pep:`479`: *在生成器中处理 StopIteration*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:67 +msgid "annotations" +msgstr "annotations" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:67 +msgid "3.7.0b1" +msgstr "3.7.0b1" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:67 +msgid "TBD [1]_" +msgstr "TBD [1]_" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:67 +msgid ":pep:`563`: *Postponed evaluation of annotations*" +msgstr ":pep:`563`: *Postponed evaluation of annotations*" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:77 +msgid "Each statement in :file:`__future__.py` is of the form::" +msgstr ":file:`__future__.py` 中的每一条语句都是以下格式的：" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:79 +msgid "" +"FeatureName = _Feature(OptionalRelease, MandatoryRelease,\n" +" CompilerFlag)" +msgstr "" +"FeatureName = _Feature(OptionalRelease, MandatoryRelease,\n" +" CompilerFlag)" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:82 +msgid "" +"where, normally, *OptionalRelease* is less than *MandatoryRelease*, and both" +" are 5-tuples of the same form as :data:`sys.version_info`::" +msgstr "" +"通常 *OptionalRelease* 要比 *MandatoryRelease* 小，并且都是和 :data:`sys.version_info` " +"格式一致的 5 元素元组。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:85 +msgid "" +"(PY_MAJOR_VERSION, # the 2 in 2.1.0a3; an int\n" +" PY_MINOR_VERSION, # the 1; an int\n" +" PY_MICRO_VERSION, # the 0; an int\n" +" PY_RELEASE_LEVEL, # \"alpha\", \"beta\", \"candidate\" or \"final\"; string\n" +" PY_RELEASE_SERIAL # the 3; an int\n" +")" +msgstr "" +"(PY_MAJOR_VERSION, # 2.1.0a3 中的 2; 一个整数\n" +" PY_MINOR_VERSION, # 1; 一个整数\n" +" PY_MICRO_VERSION, # 0; 一个整数\n" +" PY_RELEASE_LEVEL, # \"alpha\", \"beta\", \"candidate\" 或 \"final\"; 字符串\n" +" PY_RELEASE_SERIAL # 3; 一个整数\n" +")" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:94 +msgid "" +"*OptionalRelease* records the first release in which the feature was " +"accepted." +msgstr "*OptionalRelease* 记录了一个特性首次发布时的 Python 版本。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:98 +msgid "" +"In the case of a *MandatoryRelease* that has not yet occurred, " +"*MandatoryRelease* predicts the release in which the feature will become " +"part of the language." +msgstr "在 *MandatoryRelases* 还没有发布时，*MandatoryRelease* 表示该特性会变成语言的一部分的预测时间。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Else *MandatoryRelease* records when the feature became part of the " +"language; in releases at or after that, modules no longer need a future " +"statement to use the feature in question, but may continue to use such " +"imports." +msgstr "" +"其他情况下，*MandatoryRelease* 用来记录这个特性是何时成为语言的一部分的。从该版本往后，使用该特性将不需要 future " +"语句，不过很多人还是会加上对应的 import。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:106 +msgid "" +"*MandatoryRelease* may also be ``None``, meaning that a planned feature got " +"dropped or that it is not yet decided." +msgstr "*MandatoryRelease* 也可能为 ``None``，表示计划中的特性被撤销或尚未确定。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:111 +msgid "" +"*CompilerFlag* is the (bitfield) flag that should be passed in the fourth " +"argument to the built-in function :func:`compile` to enable the feature in " +"dynamically compiled code. This flag is stored in the " +":attr:`_Feature.compiler_flag` attribute on :class:`_Feature` instances." +msgstr "" +"*CompilerFlag* 是一个（位）旗标，对于动态编译的代码应当将其作为第四个参数传给内置函数 :func:`compile` 以启用相应的特性。" +" 该旗标存储在 :class:`_Feature` 实例的 :attr:`_Feature.compiler_flag` 属性中。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:117 +msgid "" +"``from __future__ import annotations`` was previously scheduled to become " +"mandatory in Python 3.10, but the Python Steering Council twice decided to " +"delay the change (`announcement for Python 3.10 " +"`__; `announcement " +"for Python 3.11 `__). No final " +"decision has been made yet. See also :pep:`563` and :pep:`649`." +msgstr "" +"先前计划在 Python 3.10 中强制使用 ``from __future__ import annotations`` " +"，但Python指导委员会两次决定推迟这一改变（ `Python 3.10 的公告 " +"`__ ； `Python 3.11 " +"的公告 `__ " +"）。目前还没有做出最终决定。参见 :pep:`563` 和 :pep:`649` 。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:127 +msgid ":ref:`future`" +msgstr ":ref:`future`" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:128 +msgid "How the compiler treats future imports." +msgstr "编译器怎样处理 future import。" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:130 +msgid ":pep:`236` - Back to the __future__" +msgstr ":pep:`236` - 回到 __future__" + +#: ../../library/__future__.rst:131 +msgid "The original proposal for the __future__ mechanism." +msgstr "有关 __future__ 机制的最初提议。" diff --git a/library/__main__.po b/library/__main__.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..167c0fb1c --- /dev/null +++ b/library/__main__.po @@ -0,0 +1,717 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!__main__` --- Top-level code environment" +msgstr ":mod:`!__main__` --- 最高层级代码环境" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:10 +msgid "" +"In Python, the special name ``__main__`` is used for two important " +"constructs:" +msgstr "Python 的特殊名 ``__main__`` 用于两个重要的构造：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:12 +msgid "" +"the name of the top-level environment of the program, which can be checked " +"using the ``__name__ == '__main__'`` expression; and" +msgstr "程序的顶层环境的名称，可用表达式 ``__name__ == '__main__'`` 来检查；以及" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:14 +msgid "the ``__main__.py`` file in Python packages." +msgstr "Python 包中的文件 ``__main__.py``。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Both of these mechanisms are related to Python modules; how users interact " +"with them and how they interact with each other. They are explained in " +"detail below. If you're new to Python modules, see the tutorial section " +":ref:`tut-modules` for an introduction." +msgstr "" +"这两个机制都与 Python 模块相关——用户与它们如何交互，及它们之间如何交互——下文详述。而教程的 :ref:`tut-modules` " +"一节则为初学者介绍了 Python 模块。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:25 +msgid "``__name__ == '__main__'``" +msgstr "``__name__ == '__main__'``" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:27 +msgid "" +"When a Python module or package is imported, ``__name__`` is set to the " +"module's name. Usually, this is the name of the Python file itself without " +"the ``.py`` extension::" +msgstr "" +"当一个 Python 模块或包被导入时，``__name__`` 被设为模块的名称——通常为 Python 文件本身的名称去掉 ``.py`` 后缀：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:31 +msgid "" +">>> import configparser\n" +">>> configparser.__name__\n" +"'configparser'" +msgstr "" +">>> import configparser\n" +">>> configparser.__name__\n" +"'configparser'" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:35 +msgid "" +"If the file is part of a package, ``__name__`` will also include the parent " +"package's path::" +msgstr "如果文件是包的一部分，则 ``__name__`` 还将包括父包的路径：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:38 +msgid "" +">>> from concurrent.futures import process\n" +">>> process.__name__\n" +"'concurrent.futures.process'" +msgstr "" +">>> from concurrent.futures import process\n" +">>> process.__name__\n" +"'concurrent.futures.process'" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:42 +msgid "" +"However, if the module is executed in the top-level code environment, its " +"``__name__`` is set to the string ``'__main__'``." +msgstr "而若模块是在顶层代码环境中执行的，则其 ``__name__`` 被设为字符串 ``'__main__'``。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:46 +msgid "What is the \"top-level code environment\"?" +msgstr "什么是“顶层代码环境”？" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:48 +msgid "" +"``__main__`` is the name of the environment where top-level code is run. " +"\"Top-level code\" is the first user-specified Python module that starts " +"running. It's \"top-level\" because it imports all other modules that the " +"program needs. Sometimes \"top-level code\" is called an *entry point* to " +"the application." +msgstr "" +"``__main__`` 是顶层代码运行环境的名称。“顶层代码”是指由用户指定的最先开始运行的那一个 Python " +"模块。之所以它是“顶层”，是因为它将导入程序所需的所有其它模块。有时“顶层代码”被称为应用程序的 *入口点*。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:53 +msgid "The top-level code environment can be:" +msgstr "顶层代码环境可以是：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:55 +msgid "the scope of an interactive prompt::" +msgstr "交互提示符的作用域：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:57 +msgid "" +">>> __name__\n" +"'__main__'" +msgstr "" +">>> __name__\n" +"'__main__'" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:60 +msgid "the Python module passed to the Python interpreter as a file argument:" +msgstr "作为文件参数传给 Python 解释器的 Python 模块：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:62 +msgid "" +"$ python helloworld.py\n" +"Hello, world!" +msgstr "" +"$ python helloworld.py\n" +"Hello, world!" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:67 +msgid "" +"the Python module or package passed to the Python interpreter with the " +":option:`-m` argument:" +msgstr "与 :option:`-m` 一起传给 Python 解释器的 Python 模块或包：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:70 +msgid "" +"$ python -m tarfile\n" +"usage: tarfile.py [-h] [-v] (...)" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m tarfile\n" +"usage: tarfile.py [-h] [-v] (...)" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:75 +msgid "Python code read by the Python interpreter from standard input:" +msgstr "Python 解释器从标准输入中读取的 Python 代码：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:77 +msgid "" +"$ echo \"import this\" | python\n" +"The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters\n" +"\n" +"Beautiful is better than ugly.\n" +"Explicit is better than implicit.\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"$ echo \"import this\" | python\n" +"The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters\n" +"\n" +"Beautiful is better than ugly.\n" +"Explicit is better than implicit.\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Python code passed to the Python interpreter with the :option:`-c` argument:" +msgstr "与 :option:`-c` 一起传给 Python 解释器的 Python 代码：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:88 +msgid "" +"$ python -c \"import this\"\n" +"The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters\n" +"\n" +"Beautiful is better than ugly.\n" +"Explicit is better than implicit.\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"$ python -c \"import this\"\n" +"The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters\n" +"\n" +"Beautiful is better than ugly.\n" +"Explicit is better than implicit.\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:97 +msgid "" +"In each of these situations, the top-level module's ``__name__`` is set to " +"``'__main__'``." +msgstr "上述每种情况中的顶层模块的 ``__name__`` 被设为 ``'__main__'``。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:100 +msgid "" +"As a result, a module can discover whether or not it is running in the top-" +"level environment by checking its own ``__name__``, which allows a common " +"idiom for conditionally executing code when the module is not initialized " +"from an import statement::" +msgstr "作为结果，模块通过检查自己的 ``__name__`` 可发现自己是否运行于顶层环境，使一些代码仅当模块不是被导入语句初始化的时候才执行：" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:105 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" # Execute when the module is not initialized from an import statement.\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" # 将在模块不是由于 import 语句被初始化的情况下执行。\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:111 +msgid "" +"For a more detailed look at how ``__name__`` is set in all situations, see " +"the tutorial section :ref:`tut-modules`." +msgstr "关于在所有情况下 ``__name__`` 是被如何设置的，详见教程的 :ref:`tut-modules` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:116 ../../library/__main__.rst:239 +msgid "Idiomatic Usage" +msgstr "惯用法" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Some modules contain code that is intended for script use only, like parsing" +" command-line arguments or fetching data from standard input. If a module " +"like this was imported from a different module, for example to unit test it," +" the script code would unintentionally execute as well." +msgstr "" +"有些模块包含了仅供脚本使用的代码，比如解析命令行参数或从标准输入获取数据。 " +"如果这样的模块被从不同的模块中导入，例如为了单元测试，脚本代码也会无意中执行。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:123 +msgid "" +"This is where using the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` code block comes in " +"handy. Code within this block won't run unless the module is executed in the" +" top-level environment." +msgstr "" +"这就是 ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` 代码块的用武之地。除非模块在顶层环境中被执行，否则该块内的代码不会运行。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Putting as few statements as possible in the block below ``if __name__ == " +"'__main__'`` can improve code clarity and correctness. Most often, a " +"function named ``main`` encapsulates the program's primary behavior::" +msgstr "" +"将尽可能少的语句放在位于 ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` 之下的代码块中可以提高代码的清晰度和准确度。 通常，将由一个名为 " +"``main`` 的函数来封装程序的主要行为::" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:131 +msgid "" +"# echo.py\n" +"\n" +"import shlex\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def echo(phrase: str) -> None:\n" +" \"\"\"A dummy wrapper around print.\"\"\"\n" +" # for demonstration purposes, you can imagine that there is some\n" +" # valuable and reusable logic inside this function\n" +" print(phrase)\n" +"\n" +"def main() -> int:\n" +" \"\"\"Echo the input arguments to standard output\"\"\"\n" +" phrase = shlex.join(sys.argv)\n" +" echo(phrase)\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" sys.exit(main()) # next section explains the use of sys.exit" +msgstr "" +"# echo.py\n" +"\n" +"import shlex\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def echo(phrase: str) -> None:\n" +" \"\"\"一个对 print 的简单包装器。\"\"\"\n" +" # 出于演示目的，你可以想象在此函数内部\n" +" # 存在有价值且可重用的逻辑\n" +" print(phrase)\n" +"\n" +"def main() -> int:\n" +" \"\"\"将输入参数回显到标准输出\"\"\"\n" +" phrase = shlex.join(sys.argv)\n" +" echo(phrase)\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" sys.exit(main()) # 下一节将讲解 sys.exit 的使用" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Note that if the module didn't encapsulate code inside the ``main`` function" +" but instead put it directly within the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` block," +" the ``phrase`` variable would be global to the entire module. This is " +"error-prone as other functions within the module could be unintentionally " +"using the global variable instead of a local name. A ``main`` function " +"solves this problem." +msgstr "" +"请注意，如果模块没有将代码封装在 ``main`` 函数内，而是直接放在 ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` 块内，那么这个 " +"``phrase`` 变量对整个模块来说就是全局变量。 这很容易出错，因为模块内的其他函数可能会无意中使用全局变量而不是局部名称。 一个 " +"``main`` 函数解决了这个问题。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Using a ``main`` function has the added benefit of the ``echo`` function " +"itself being isolated and importable elsewhere. When ``echo.py`` is " +"imported, the ``echo`` and ``main`` functions will be defined, but neither " +"of them will be called, because ``__name__ != '__main__'``." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``main`` 函数有一个额外的好处，就是 ``echo`` 函数本身是孤立的，可以在其他地方导入。当 ``echo.py`` " +"被导入时，``echo`` 和 ``main`` 函数将被定义，但它们都不会被调用，因为 ``__name__ != '__main__'`` 。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:165 +msgid "Packaging Considerations" +msgstr "打包考量" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:167 +msgid "" +"``main`` functions are often used to create command-line tools by specifying" +" them as entry points for console scripts. When this is done, `pip " +"`_ inserts the function call into a template script, " +"where the return value of ``main`` is passed into :func:`sys.exit`. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"``main`` 函数经常被用来创建命令行工具，把它们指定为控制台脚本的入口点。 当这样做时，`pip `_" +" 将函数调用插入到模板脚本中，其中 ``main`` 的返回值被传递到 :func:`sys.exit` 。例如::" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:173 +msgid "sys.exit(main())" +msgstr "sys.exit(main())" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Since the call to ``main`` is wrapped in :func:`sys.exit`, the expectation " +"is that your function will return some value acceptable as an input to " +":func:`sys.exit`; typically, an integer or ``None`` (which is implicitly " +"returned if your function does not have a return statement)." +msgstr "" +"由于 ``main`` 调用被包裹在 :func:`sys.exit` 中，期望你的函数将返回一些可被 :func:`sys.exit` " +"作为输入而接受的值；通常为一个整数或 ``None`` （如果你的函数没有返回语句，则隐含返回）。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:180 +msgid "" +"By proactively following this convention ourselves, our module will have the" +" same behavior when run directly (i.e. ``python echo.py``) as it will have " +"if we later package it as a console script entry-point in a pip-installable " +"package." +msgstr "" +"通过主动遵循这一惯例，我们的模块在直接运行时 (即 ``python echo.py``) 会有相同的行为，当我们以后把它打包成可用 pip " +"安装的软件包的控制台脚本入口时也会如此。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:185 +msgid "" +"In particular, be careful about returning strings from your ``main`` " +"function. :func:`sys.exit` will interpret a string argument as a failure " +"message, so your program will have an exit code of ``1``, indicating " +"failure, and the string will be written to :data:`sys.stderr`. The " +"``echo.py`` example from earlier exemplifies using the ``sys.exit(main())`` " +"convention." +msgstr "" +"特别的是，要小心从你的 ``main`` 函数中返回字符串。 :func:`sys.exit` 将把一个字符串参数解释为失败信息，所以你的程序将有一个 " +"``1`` 的退出代码，表示失败。并且这个字符串将被写入 :data:`sys.stderr` 。 前面的 ``echo.py`` 例子举例说明了使用 " +"``sys.exit(main())`` 的约定。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:193 +msgid "" +"`Python Packaging User Guide `_ contains a " +"collection of tutorials and references on how to distribute and install " +"Python packages with modern tools." +msgstr "" +"`Python 打包用户指南 `_ 包含了一系列关于如何用现代工具分发和安装 Python" +" 包的教程和参考资料。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:199 +msgid "``__main__.py`` in Python Packages" +msgstr "Python 包中的 ``__main__.py``" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:201 +msgid "" +"If you are not familiar with Python packages, see section :ref:`tut-" +"packages` of the tutorial. Most commonly, the ``__main__.py`` file is used " +"to provide a command-line interface for a package. Consider the following " +"hypothetical package, \"bandclass\":" +msgstr "" +"如果你不熟悉Python包，请参阅本教程的 :ref:`tut-packages` 一节。最常见的是， ``__main__.py`` " +"文件被用来为一个包提供命令行接口。假设有下面这个虚构的包，\"bandclass\":" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:206 +msgid "" +"bandclass\n" +" ├── __init__.py\n" +" ├── __main__.py\n" +" └── student.py" +msgstr "" +"bandclass\n" +" ├── __init__.py\n" +" ├── __main__.py\n" +" └── student.py" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:213 +msgid "" +"``__main__.py`` will be executed when the package itself is invoked directly" +" from the command line using the :option:`-m` flag. For example:" +msgstr "当使用 :option:`-m` 标志从命令行直接调用软件包本身时，将执行 ``__main__.py`` 。比如说。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:216 +msgid "$ python -m bandclass" +msgstr "$ python -m bandclass" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:220 +msgid "" +"This command will cause ``__main__.py`` to run. How you utilize this " +"mechanism will depend on the nature of the package you are writing, but in " +"this hypothetical case, it might make sense to allow the teacher to search " +"for students::" +msgstr "" +"这个命令将导致 ``__main__.py`` " +"的运行。你如何利用这一机制将取决于你所编写的软件包的性质，但在这个假设的案例中，允许教师搜索学生可能是有意义的::" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:225 +msgid "" +"# bandclass/__main__.py\n" +"\n" +"import sys\n" +"from .student import search_students\n" +"\n" +"student_name = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) >= 2 else ''\n" +"print(f'Found student: {search_students(student_name)}')" +msgstr "" +"# bandclass/__main__.py\n" +"\n" +"import sys\n" +"from .student import search_students\n" +"\n" +"student_name = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) >= 2 else ''\n" +"print(f'Found student: {search_students(student_name)}')" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Note that ``from .student import search_students`` is an example of a " +"relative import. This import style can be used when referencing modules " +"within a package. For more details, see :ref:`intra-package-references` in " +"the :ref:`tut-modules` section of the tutorial." +msgstr "" +"注意， ``from .student import search_students`` 是一个相对导入的例子。 " +"这种导入方式可以在引用一个包内的模块时使用。 更多细节，请参见教程 :ref:`tut-modules` 中的 :ref:`intra-package-" +"references` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:241 +msgid "" +"The content of ``__main__.py`` typically isn't fenced with an ``if __name__ " +"== '__main__'`` block. Instead, those files are kept short and import " +"functions to execute from other modules. Those other modules can then be " +"easily unit-tested and are properly reusable." +msgstr "" +"``__main__.py`` 的内容通常不会用 ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` 块围起来。 " +"相反，这些文件会保持简短并从其他模块导入函数来执行。 这样其他模块就可以很容易地进行单元测试并可以适当地重用。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:246 +msgid "" +"If used, an ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` block will still work as expected " +"for a ``__main__.py`` file within a package, because its ``__name__`` " +"attribute will include the package's path if imported::" +msgstr "" +"如果使用，一个 ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` 区块仍然会像预期的那样对包内的 ``__main__.py`` " +"文件起作用，因为如果导入，它的 ``__name__`` 属性将包括包的路径::" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:250 +msgid "" +">>> import asyncio.__main__\n" +">>> asyncio.__main__.__name__\n" +"'asyncio.__main__'" +msgstr "" +">>> import asyncio.__main__\n" +">>> asyncio.__main__.__name__\n" +"'asyncio.__main__'" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:254 +msgid "" +"This won't work for ``__main__.py`` files in the root directory of a " +"``.zip`` file though. Hence, for consistency, a minimal ``__main__.py`` " +"without a ``__name__`` check is preferred." +msgstr "" +"但这对 ``.zip`` 文件的根目录中的 ``__main__.py`` 文件不起作用。 因此，为了保持一致性，建议使用不带 ``__name__``" +" 检测的最小化 ``__main__.py``。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:260 +msgid "" +"See :mod:`venv` for an example of a package with a minimal ``__main__.py`` " +"in the standard library. It doesn't contain a ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` " +"block. You can invoke it with ``python -m venv [directory]``." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :mod:`venv` 以获取标准库中具有最小化 ``__main__.py`` 的软件包示例。 它不包含 ``if __name__ == " +"'__main__'`` 代码块。 你可以用 ``python -m venv [directory]`` 来唤起。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:264 +msgid "" +"See :mod:`runpy` for more details on the :option:`-m` flag to the " +"interpreter executable." +msgstr "参见 :mod:`runpy` 以了解更多关于 :option:`-m` 标志对解释器可执行包的细节。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:267 +msgid "" +"See :mod:`zipapp` for how to run applications packaged as *.zip* files. In " +"this case Python looks for a ``__main__.py`` file in the root directory of " +"the archive." +msgstr "" +"参见 :mod:`zipapp` 了解如何运行打包成 *.zip* 文件的应用程序。在这种情况下，Python 会在归档文件的根目录下寻找一个 " +"``__main__.py`` 文件。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:274 +msgid "``import __main__``" +msgstr "``import __main__``" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Regardless of which module a Python program was started with, other modules " +"running within that same program can import the top-level environment's " +"scope (:term:`namespace`) by importing the ``__main__`` module. This " +"doesn't import a ``__main__.py`` file but rather whichever module that " +"received the special name ``'__main__'``." +msgstr "" +"不管 Python 程序是用哪个模块启动的，在同一程序中运行的其他模块可以通过导入 ``__main__`` 模块来导入顶级环境的范围 ( " +":term:`namespace` )。这并不是导入一个 ``__main__.py`` 文件，而是导入使用特殊名称 ``'__main__'`` " +"的哪个模块。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:282 +msgid "Here is an example module that consumes the ``__main__`` namespace::" +msgstr "下面是一个使用 ``__main__`` 命名空间的模块的例子::" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:284 +msgid "" +"# namely.py\n" +"\n" +"import __main__\n" +"\n" +"def did_user_define_their_name():\n" +" return 'my_name' in dir(__main__)\n" +"\n" +"def print_user_name():\n" +" if not did_user_define_their_name():\n" +" raise ValueError('Define the variable `my_name`!')\n" +"\n" +" if '__file__' in dir(__main__):\n" +" print(__main__.my_name, \"found in file\", __main__.__file__)\n" +" else:\n" +" print(__main__.my_name)" +msgstr "" +"# namely.py\n" +"\n" +"import __main__\n" +"\n" +"def did_user_define_their_name():\n" +" return 'my_name' in dir(__main__)\n" +"\n" +"def print_user_name():\n" +" if not did_user_define_their_name():\n" +" raise ValueError('Define the variable `my_name`!')\n" +"\n" +" if '__file__' in dir(__main__):\n" +" print(__main__.my_name, \"found in file\", __main__.__file__)\n" +" else:\n" +" print(__main__.my_name)" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:300 +msgid "Example usage of this module could be as follows::" +msgstr "该模块的用法示例如下::" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:302 +msgid "" +"# start.py\n" +"\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"from namely import print_user_name\n" +"\n" +"# my_name = \"Dinsdale\"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" print_user_name()\n" +" except ValueError as ve:\n" +" return str(ve)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" sys.exit(main())" +msgstr "" +"# start.py\n" +"\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"from namely import print_user_name\n" +"\n" +"# my_name = \"Dinsdale\"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" print_user_name()\n" +" except ValueError as ve:\n" +" return str(ve)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" sys.exit(main())" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:319 +msgid "Now, if we started our program, the result would look like this:" +msgstr "现在，如果我们启动我们的程序，结果会是这样的:" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:321 +msgid "" +"$ python start.py\n" +"Define the variable `my_name`!" +msgstr "" +"$ python start.py\n" +"Define the variable `my_name`!" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:326 +msgid "" +"The exit code of the program would be 1, indicating an error. Uncommenting " +"the line with ``my_name = \"Dinsdale\"`` fixes the program and now it exits " +"with status code 0, indicating success:" +msgstr "" +"该程序的退出代码为 1 ，表明有错误。取消对 ``my_name = \"Dinsdale\"`` 这一行的注释，就可以修复程序，现在它的退出状态代码为" +" 0 ，表示成功。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:330 +msgid "" +"$ python start.py\n" +"Dinsdale found in file /path/to/start.py" +msgstr "" +"$ python start.py\n" +"Dinsdale found in file /path/to/start.py" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Note that importing ``__main__`` doesn't cause any issues with " +"unintentionally running top-level code meant for script use which is put in " +"the ``if __name__ == \"__main__\"`` block of the ``start`` module. Why does " +"this work?" +msgstr "" +"请注意，导入 ``__main__`` 不会导致无意中运行旨在用于脚本的顶层代码的问题，这些代码被放在模块 ``start`` 的 ``if " +"__name__ == \"__main__\"`` 块中。为什么这样做？" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Python inserts an empty ``__main__`` module in :data:`sys.modules` at " +"interpreter startup, and populates it by running top-level code. In our " +"example this is the ``start`` module which runs line by line and imports " +"``namely``. In turn, ``namely`` imports ``__main__`` (which is really " +"``start``). That's an import cycle! Fortunately, since the partially " +"populated ``__main__`` module is present in :data:`sys.modules`, Python " +"passes that to ``namely``. See :ref:`Special considerations for __main__ " +"` in the import system's reference for details on how " +"this works." +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器启动时会在 :data:`sys.modules` 中插入一个空的 ``__main__`` 模块，并通过运行最高层级代码来填充它。" +" 在我们的例子中这就是 ``start`` 模块，它逐行运行并导入 ``namely``。 相应地，``namely`` 会导入 " +"``__main__`` (它实际上就是 ``start``)。 这就是一个导入循环！ 幸运的是，由于部分填充的 ``__main__`` 模块存在于 " +":data:`sys.modules` 中，Python 会将其传递给 ``namely``。 请参阅导入系统的参考文档中 :ref:`有关 " +"__main__ 的特别考量 ` 来了解其中的详情。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:348 +msgid "" +"The Python REPL is another example of a \"top-level environment\", so " +"anything defined in the REPL becomes part of the ``__main__`` scope::" +msgstr "Python REPL 是另一个 \"顶层环境 \"的例子，所以在 REPL 中定义的任何东西都成为 ``__main__`` 范围的一部分::" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:351 +msgid "" +">>> import namely\n" +">>> namely.did_user_define_their_name()\n" +"False\n" +">>> namely.print_user_name()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Define the variable `my_name`!\n" +">>> my_name = 'Jabberwocky'\n" +">>> namely.did_user_define_their_name()\n" +"True\n" +">>> namely.print_user_name()\n" +"Jabberwocky" +msgstr "" +">>> import namely\n" +">>> namely.did_user_define_their_name()\n" +"False\n" +">>> namely.print_user_name()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Define the variable `my_name`!\n" +">>> my_name = 'Jabberwocky'\n" +">>> namely.did_user_define_their_name()\n" +"True\n" +">>> namely.print_user_name()\n" +"Jabberwocky" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Note that in this case the ``__main__`` scope doesn't contain a ``__file__``" +" attribute as it's interactive." +msgstr "注意，在这种情况下， ``__main__`` 范围不包含 ``__file__`` 属性，因为它是交互式的。" + +#: ../../library/__main__.rst:367 +msgid "" +"The ``__main__`` scope is used in the implementation of :mod:`pdb` and " +":mod:`rlcompleter`." +msgstr "``__main__`` 范围用于 :mod:`pdb` 和 :mod:`rlcompleter` 的实现。" diff --git a/library/_dummy_thread.po b/library/_dummy_thread.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57cecc904 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/_dummy_thread.po @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2020, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cissoid , 2018 +# Freesand Leo , 2018 +# Meng Du , 2019 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.8\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-02-09 12:40+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-02-16 17:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Meng Du , 2019\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/_dummy_thread.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`_dummy_thread` --- Drop-in replacement for the :mod:`_thread` module" +msgstr ":mod:`_dummy_thread` --- :mod:`_thread` 的替代模块" + +#: ../../library/_dummy_thread.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/_dummy_thread.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/_dummy_thread.py`" + +#: ../../library/_dummy_thread.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Python now always has threading enabled. Please use :mod:`_thread` (or, " +"better, :mod:`threading`) instead." +msgstr "Python 现在总是会启用多线程。请改用 :mod:`_thread` (或者用 :mod:`threading` 更好)。" + +#: ../../library/_dummy_thread.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module provides a duplicate interface to the :mod:`_thread` module. It " +"was meant to be imported when the :mod:`_thread` module was not provided on " +"a platform." +msgstr "这个模块提供与 :mod:`_thread` 相同的接口。它主要用于在没有提供 :mod:`_thread` 模块的平台上被导入。" + +#: ../../library/_dummy_thread.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Be careful to not use this module where deadlock might occur from a thread " +"being created that blocks waiting for another thread to be created. This " +"often occurs with blocking I/O." +msgstr "如果线程需要阻塞等待另一个线程被创建的话，可能会造成死锁，这通常是由于阻塞 I/O 引起的。这种场景下请不要使用这个模块。" diff --git a/library/_thread.po b/library/_thread.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25d11403a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/_thread.po @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cissoid , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!_thread` --- Low-level threading API" +msgstr ":mod:`!_thread` --- 低层级多线程 API" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module provides low-level primitives for working with multiple threads " +"(also called :dfn:`light-weight processes` or :dfn:`tasks`) --- multiple " +"threads of control sharing their global data space. For synchronization, " +"simple locks (also called :dfn:`mutexes` or :dfn:`binary semaphores`) are " +"provided. The :mod:`threading` module provides an easier to use and higher-" +"level threading API built on top of this module." +msgstr "" +"该模块提供了操作多个线程（也被称为 :dfn:`轻量级进程` 或 :dfn:`任务`）的底层原语 —— " +"多个控制线程共享全局数据空间。为了处理同步问题，也提供了简单的锁机制（也称为 :dfn:`互斥锁` 或 " +":dfn:`二进制信号`）。:mod:`threading` 模块基于该模块提供了更易用的高级多线程 API。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:26 +msgid "This module used to be optional, it is now always available." +msgstr "这个模块曾经为可选项，但现在总是可用。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:29 +msgid "This module defines the following constants and functions:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下常量和函数：" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:33 +msgid "Raised on thread-specific errors." +msgstr "发生线程相关错误时抛出。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:35 +msgid "This is now a synonym of the built-in :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "现在是内建异常 :exc:`RuntimeError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:41 +msgid "This is the type of lock objects." +msgstr "锁对象的类型。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Start a new thread and return its identifier. The thread executes the " +"function *function* with the argument list *args* (which must be a tuple). " +"The optional *kwargs* argument specifies a dictionary of keyword arguments." +msgstr "" +"开启一个新线程并返回其标识。 线程执行函数 *function* 并附带参数列表 *args* (必须是元组)。 可选的 *kwargs* " +"参数指定一个关键字参数字典。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:50 +msgid "When the function returns, the thread silently exits." +msgstr "当函数返回时，线程会静默地退出。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:52 +msgid "" +"When the function terminates with an unhandled exception, " +":func:`sys.unraisablehook` is called to handle the exception. The *object* " +"attribute of the hook argument is *function*. By default, a stack trace is " +"printed and then the thread exits (but other threads continue to run)." +msgstr "" +"当函数因某个未处理异常而终结时，:func:`sys.unraisablehook` 会被调用以处理异常。 钩子参数的 *object* 属性为 " +"*function*。 在默认情况下，会打印堆栈回溯然后该线程将退出（但其他线程会继续运行）。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:57 +msgid "" +"When the function raises a :exc:`SystemExit` exception, it is silently " +"ignored." +msgstr "当函数引发 :exc:`SystemExit` 异常时，它会被静默地忽略。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``_thread.start_new_thread`` with" +" arguments ``function``, ``args``, ``kwargs``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``_thread.start_new_thread`` 并附带参数 ``function``," +" ``args``, ``kwargs``。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:62 +msgid ":func:`sys.unraisablehook` is now used to handle unhandled exceptions." +msgstr "现在会使用 :func:`sys.unraisablehook` 来处理未处理的异常。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Simulate the effect of a signal arriving in the main thread. A thread can " +"use this function to interrupt the main thread, though there is no guarantee" +" that the interruption will happen immediately." +msgstr "模拟一个信号到达主线程的效果。 线程可使用此函数来打断主线程，虽然并不保证打断将立即发生。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:72 +msgid "" +"If given, *signum* is the number of the signal to simulate. If *signum* is " +"not given, :const:`signal.SIGINT` is simulated." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *signum*，则表示要模拟的信号的编号。 如果未给出 *signum*，则将模拟 :const:`signal.SIGINT`。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:75 +msgid "" +"If the given signal isn't handled by Python (it was set to " +":const:`signal.SIG_DFL` or :const:`signal.SIG_IGN`), this function does " +"nothing." +msgstr "" +"如果给出的信号未被 Python 处理 (它被设为 :const:`signal.SIG_DFL` 或 " +":const:`signal.SIG_IGN`)，则此函数将不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:79 +msgid "The *signum* argument is added to customize the signal number." +msgstr "添加了 *signum* 参数来定制信号的编号。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:83 +msgid "" +"This does not emit the corresponding signal but schedules a call to the " +"associated handler (if it exists). If you want to truly emit the signal, use" +" :func:`signal.raise_signal`." +msgstr "" +"这并不会发出对应的信号而是将一个调用排入关联处理器的计划任务（如果句柄存在的话）。 如果你想要真的发出信号，请使用 " +":func:`signal.raise_signal`。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Raise the :exc:`SystemExit` exception. When not caught, this will cause the" +" thread to exit silently." +msgstr "抛出 :exc:`SystemExit` 异常。如果没有捕获的话，这个异常会使线程退出。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Return a new lock object. Methods of locks are described below. The lock " +"is initially unlocked." +msgstr "返回一个新的锁对象。锁中的方法在后面描述。初始情况下锁处于解锁状态。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Return the 'thread identifier' of the current thread. This is a nonzero " +"integer. Its value has no direct meaning; it is intended as a magic cookie " +"to be used e.g. to index a dictionary of thread-specific data. Thread " +"identifiers may be recycled when a thread exits and another thread is " +"created." +msgstr "" +"返回当前线程的 “线程标识符”。它是一个非零的整数。它的值没有直接含义，主要是用作 magic " +"cookie，比如作为含有线程相关数据的字典的索引。线程标识符可能会在线程退出，新线程创建时被复用。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Return the native integral Thread ID of the current thread assigned by the " +"kernel. This is a non-negative integer. Its value may be used to uniquely " +"identify this particular thread system-wide (until the thread terminates, " +"after which the value may be recycled by the OS)." +msgstr "" +"返回内核分配给当前线程的原生集成线程 ID。 这是一个非负整数。 它的值可被用来在整个系统中唯一地标识这个特定线程（直到线程终结，在那之后该值可能会被 " +"OS 回收再利用）。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:123 ../../library/_thread.rst:148 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:127 +msgid "Added support for GNU/kFreeBSD." +msgstr "增加了对 GNU/kFreeBSD 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Return the thread stack size used when creating new threads. The optional " +"*size* argument specifies the stack size to be used for subsequently created" +" threads, and must be 0 (use platform or configured default) or a positive " +"integer value of at least 32,768 (32 KiB). If *size* is not specified, 0 is " +"used. If changing the thread stack size is unsupported, a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. If the specified stack size is invalid, a " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised and the stack size is unmodified. 32 KiB is " +"currently the minimum supported stack size value to guarantee sufficient " +"stack space for the interpreter itself. Note that some platforms may have " +"particular restrictions on values for the stack size, such as requiring a " +"minimum stack size > 32 KiB or requiring allocation in multiples of the " +"system memory page size - platform documentation should be referred to for " +"more information (4 KiB pages are common; using multiples of 4096 for the " +"stack size is the suggested approach in the absence of more specific " +"information)." +msgstr "" +"返回创建线程时使用的堆栈大小。可选参数 *size* " +"指定之后新建的线程的堆栈大小，而且一定要是0（根据平台或者默认配置）或者最小是32,768(32KiB)的一个正整数。如果 *size* " +"没有指定，默认是0。如果不支持改变线程堆栈大小，会抛出 :exc:`RuntimeError` 错误。如果指定的堆栈大小不合法，会抛出 " +":exc:`ValueError` " +"错误并且不会修改堆栈大小。32KiB是当前最小的能保证解释器有足够堆栈空间的堆栈大小。需要注意的是部分平台对于堆栈大小会有特定的限制，例如要求大于32KiB的堆栈大小或者需要根据系统内存页面的整数倍进行分配" +" - 应当查阅平台文档有关详细信息（4KiB页面比较普遍，在没有更具体信息的情况下，建议的方法是使用4096的倍数作为堆栈大小）。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:150 +msgid "Unix platforms with POSIX threads support." +msgstr "带有 POSIX 线程支持的 Unix 平台。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:155 +msgid "" +"The maximum value allowed for the *timeout* parameter of :meth:`Lock.acquire" +" `. Specifying a timeout greater than this value " +"will raise an :exc:`OverflowError`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Lock.acquire ` 的 *timeout* 形参所允许的最大值。 指定大于该值的" +" timeout 将引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:162 +msgid "Lock objects have the following methods:" +msgstr "锁对象有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Without any optional argument, this method acquires the lock " +"unconditionally, if necessary waiting until it is released by another thread" +" (only one thread at a time can acquire a lock --- that's their reason for " +"existence)." +msgstr "没有任何可选参数时，该方法无条件申请获得锁，有必要的话会等待其他线程释放锁（同时只有一个线程能获得锁 —— 这正是锁存在的原因）。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:171 +msgid "" +"If the *blocking* argument is present, the action depends on its value: if " +"it is false, the lock is only acquired if it can be acquired immediately " +"without waiting, while if it is true, the lock is acquired unconditionally " +"as above." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了 *blocking* " +"参数，具体的行为将取决于它的值：如果它为假值，则只在能够立即获取到锁而无需等待时才会获取，而如果它为真值，则会与上面一样无条件地获取锁。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:176 +msgid "" +"If the floating-point *timeout* argument is present and positive, it " +"specifies the maximum wait time in seconds before returning. A negative " +"*timeout* argument specifies an unbounded wait. You cannot specify a " +"*timeout* if *blocking* is false." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了浮点数形式的 *timeout* 参数且为正值，它将指明在返回之前的最大等待秒数。 负的 *timeout* 参数表示无限期的等待。 如果 " +"*blocking* 为假值则你不能指定 *timeout*。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The return value is ``True`` if the lock is acquired successfully, ``False``" +" if not." +msgstr "如果成功获取到所会返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:184 +msgid "The *timeout* parameter is new." +msgstr "新的 *timeout* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:187 +msgid "Lock acquires can now be interrupted by signals on POSIX." +msgstr "现在获取锁的操作可以被 POSIX 信号中断。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Releases the lock. The lock must have been acquired earlier, but not " +"necessarily by the same thread." +msgstr "释放锁。锁必须已经被获取过，但不一定是同一个线程获取的。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Return the status of the lock: ``True`` if it has been acquired by some " +"thread, ``False`` if not." +msgstr "返回锁的状态：如果已被某个线程获取，返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:202 +msgid "" +"In addition to these methods, lock objects can also be used via the " +":keyword:`with` statement, e.g.::" +msgstr "除了这些方法之外，锁对象也可以通过 :keyword:`with` 语句使用，例如：" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:205 +msgid "" +"import _thread\n" +"\n" +"a_lock = _thread.allocate_lock()\n" +"\n" +"with a_lock:\n" +" print(\"a_lock is locked while this executes\")" +msgstr "" +"import _thread\n" +"\n" +"a_lock = _thread.allocate_lock()\n" +"\n" +"with a_lock:\n" +" print(\"在执行这段代码时，a_lock 已被锁定\")" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:212 +msgid "**Caveats:**" +msgstr "**注意事项：**" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Interrupts always go to the main thread (the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` " +"exception will be received by that thread.)" +msgstr "中断总是会到主线程 (:exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 异常将由该线程接收。)" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`sys.exit` or raising the :exc:`SystemExit` exception is " +"equivalent to calling :func:`_thread.exit`." +msgstr "" +"调用 :func:`sys.exit` 或是抛出 :exc:`SystemExit` 异常等效于调用 :func:`_thread.exit`。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:222 +msgid "" +"It is platform-dependent whether the :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` method " +"on a lock can be interrupted (so that the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception" +" will happen immediately, rather than only after the lock has been acquired " +"or the operation has timed out). It can be interrupted on POSIX, but not on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" +"一个锁的 :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` 方法是否可被中断（这样 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` " +"异常将立即发生，而不是要等到获取锁或者操作超时）取决于具体的平台。 它在 POSIX 上可被中断，但在 Windows 上则不可以。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:228 +msgid "" +"When the main thread exits, it is system defined whether the other threads " +"survive. On most systems, they are killed without executing :keyword:`try` " +"... :keyword:`finally` clauses or executing object destructors." +msgstr "" +"当主线程退出时，由系统决定其他线程是否存活。在大多数系统中，这些线程会直接被杀掉，不会执行 :keyword:`try` ... " +":keyword:`finally` 语句，也不会执行对象析构函数。" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:7 +msgid "light-weight processes" +msgstr "轻量级进程" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:7 +msgid "processes, light-weight" +msgstr "进程，轻量级" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:7 +msgid "binary semaphores" +msgstr "二元信号量" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:7 +msgid "semaphores, binary" +msgstr "信号量，二元" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:22 +msgid "pthreads" +msgstr "pthreads" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:22 +msgid "threads" +msgstr "threads" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:22 +msgid "POSIX" +msgstr "POSIX" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:214 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/_thread.rst:214 +msgid "signal" +msgstr "signal" diff --git a/library/abc.po b/library/abc.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ecc60ba74 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/abc.po @@ -0,0 +1,647 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# cissoid , 2021 +# wenhui , 2021 +# Jarry Shaw , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!abc` --- Abstract Base Classes" +msgstr ":mod:`!abc` --- 抽象基类" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/abc.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/abc.py`" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module provides the infrastructure for defining :term:`abstract base " +"classes ` (ABCs) in Python, as outlined in :pep:`3119`;" +" see the PEP for why this was added to Python. (See also :pep:`3141` and the" +" :mod:`numbers` module regarding a type hierarchy for numbers based on " +"ABCs.)" +msgstr "" +"该模块提供了在 Python 中定义 :term:`抽象基类 ` (ABC) 的组件，在 " +":pep:`3119` 中已有概述。查看 PEP 文档了解为什么需要在 Python 中增加这个模块。（也可查看 :pep:`3141` 以及 " +":mod:`numbers` 模块了解基于 ABC 的数字类型继承关系。）" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`collections` module has some concrete classes that derive from " +"ABCs; these can, of course, be further derived. In addition, the " +":mod:`collections.abc` submodule has some ABCs that can be used to test " +"whether a class or instance provides a particular interface, for example, if" +" it is :term:`hashable` or if it is a :term:`mapping`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections` 模块中有一些派生自 ABC 的实体类；当然，这些类还可以进一步被派生。 " +"此外，:mod:`collections.abc` 子模块中有一些可被用于测试一个类或实例是否提供了特定接口的 ABC，例如，它是否为 " +":term:`hashable` 或者是否为 :term:`mapping` 等。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:27 +msgid "" +"This module provides the metaclass :class:`ABCMeta` for defining ABCs and a " +"helper class :class:`ABC` to alternatively define ABCs through inheritance:" +msgstr "" +"该模块提供了一个元类 :class:`ABCMeta`，可以用来定义抽象类，另外还提供一个工具类 " +":class:`ABC`，可以用它以继承的方式定义抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:32 +msgid "" +"A helper class that has :class:`ABCMeta` as its metaclass. With this class," +" an abstract base class can be created by simply deriving from :class:`!ABC`" +" avoiding sometimes confusing metaclass usage, for example::" +msgstr "" +"一个使用 :class:`ABCMeta` 作为元类的辅助类。 使用这个类，可以通过简单地从 :class:`!ABC` " +"派生的方式创建抽象基类，这将避免时常令人混淆的元类用法，例如::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:36 +msgid "" +"from abc import ABC\n" +"\n" +"class MyABC(ABC):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"from abc import ABC\n" +"\n" +"class MyABC(ABC):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Note that the type of :class:`!ABC` is still :class:`ABCMeta`, therefore " +"inheriting from :class:`!ABC` requires the usual precautions regarding " +"metaclass usage, as multiple inheritance may lead to metaclass conflicts. " +"One may also define an abstract base class by passing the metaclass keyword " +"and using :class:`!ABCMeta` directly, for example::" +msgstr "" +"请注意 :class:`!ABC` 的类型仍然是 :class:`ABCMeta`，因此继承 :class:`!ABC` " +"仍然需要考虑使用元类的注意事项，比如可能会导致元类冲突的多重继承。 你也可以通过传入 metaclass 关键字并直接使用 " +":class:`!ABCMeta` 来定义抽象基类，例如::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:47 +msgid "" +"from abc import ABCMeta\n" +"\n" +"class MyABC(metaclass=ABCMeta):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"from abc import ABCMeta\n" +"\n" +"class MyABC(metaclass=ABCMeta):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:57 +msgid "Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs)." +msgstr "用于定义抽象基类（ABC）的元类。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Use this metaclass to create an ABC. An ABC can be subclassed directly, and" +" then acts as a mix-in class. You can also register unrelated concrete " +"classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated ABCs as \"virtual subclasses\"" +" -- these and their descendants will be considered subclasses of the " +"registering ABC by the built-in :func:`issubclass` function, but the " +"registering ABC won't show up in their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor " +"will method implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not " +"even via :func:`super`). [#]_" +msgstr "" +"使用该元类以创建抽象基类。抽象基类可以像 mix-in 类一样直接被子类继承。你也可以将不相关的具体类（包括内建类）和抽象基类注册为“抽象子类” —— " +"这些类以及它们的子类会被内建函数 :func:`issubclass` 识别为对应的抽象基类的子类，但是该抽象基类不会出现在其 MRO（Method " +"Resolution Order，方法解析顺序）中，抽象基类中实现的方法也不可调用（即使通过 :func:`super` 调用也不行）。[#]_" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Classes created with a metaclass of :class:`!ABCMeta` have the following " +"method:" +msgstr "使用 :class:`!ABCMeta` 元类创建的类具有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:72 +msgid "Register *subclass* as a \"virtual subclass\" of this ABC. For example::" +msgstr "将 *subclass* 注册为该 ABC 的“虚拟子类”。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:75 +msgid "" +"from abc import ABC\n" +"\n" +"class MyABC(ABC):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"MyABC.register(tuple)\n" +"\n" +"assert issubclass(tuple, MyABC)\n" +"assert isinstance((), MyABC)" +msgstr "" +"from abc import ABC\n" +"\n" +"class MyABC(ABC):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"MyABC.register(tuple)\n" +"\n" +"assert issubclass(tuple, MyABC)\n" +"assert isinstance((), MyABC)" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:85 +msgid "Returns the registered subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator." +msgstr "返回注册的子类，使其能够作为类装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:88 +msgid "" +"To detect calls to :meth:`!register`, you can use the " +":func:`get_cache_token` function." +msgstr "要检测对 :meth:`!register` 的调用，你可以使用 :func:`get_cache_token` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:92 +msgid "You can also override this method in an abstract base class:" +msgstr "你也可以在虚基类中重写这个方法。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:96 +msgid "(Must be defined as a class method.)" +msgstr "（必须定义为类方法。）" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Check whether *subclass* is considered a subclass of this ABC. This means " +"that you can customize the behavior of :func:`issubclass` further without " +"the need to call :meth:`register` on every class you want to consider a " +"subclass of the ABC. (This class method is called from the " +":meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` method of the ABC.)" +msgstr "" +"检查 *subclass* 是否为该 ABC 的子类。 这意味着你可以进一步定制 :func:`issubclass` 的行为而无需在每个你希望作为该 " +"ABC 的子类的类上调用 :meth:`register`。 （这个类方法是在该 ABC 的 " +":meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` 方法上被调用的。）" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:104 +msgid "" +"This method should return ``True``, ``False`` or :data:`NotImplemented`. If" +" it returns ``True``, the *subclass* is considered a subclass of this ABC. " +"If it returns ``False``, the *subclass* is not considered a subclass of this" +" ABC, even if it would normally be one. If it returns " +":data:`!NotImplemented`, the subclass check is continued with the usual " +"mechanism." +msgstr "" +"该方法应为返回 ``True`` , ``False`` 或 :data:`NotImplemented` 。如果返回 ``True`` ，则 *子类*" +" 被视为该抽象基类的子类 。如果返回 ``False`` ，则 *子类* 不被视为此抽象基类的子类 ，即使它通常是。 如果返回 " +":data:`!NotImplemented` ，则继续按照常规机制检查子类 。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:114 +msgid "" +"For a demonstration of these concepts, look at this example ABC definition::" +msgstr "为了对这些概念做一演示，请看以下定义 ABC 的示例：" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:116 +msgid "" +"class Foo:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index):\n" +" ...\n" +" def __len__(self):\n" +" ...\n" +" def get_iterator(self):\n" +" return iter(self)\n" +"\n" +"class MyIterable(ABC):\n" +"\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def __iter__(self):\n" +" while False:\n" +" yield None\n" +"\n" +" def get_iterator(self):\n" +" return self.__iter__()\n" +"\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def __subclasshook__(cls, C):\n" +" if cls is MyIterable:\n" +" if any(\"__iter__\" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):\n" +" return True\n" +" return NotImplemented\n" +"\n" +"MyIterable.register(Foo)" +msgstr "" +"class Foo:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index):\n" +" ...\n" +" def __len__(self):\n" +" ...\n" +" def get_iterator(self):\n" +" return iter(self)\n" +"\n" +"class MyIterable(ABC):\n" +"\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def __iter__(self):\n" +" while False:\n" +" yield None\n" +"\n" +" def get_iterator(self):\n" +" return self.__iter__()\n" +"\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def __subclasshook__(cls, C):\n" +" if cls is MyIterable:\n" +" if any(\"__iter__\" in B.__dict__ for B in C.__mro__):\n" +" return True\n" +" return NotImplemented\n" +"\n" +"MyIterable.register(Foo)" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The ABC ``MyIterable`` defines the standard iterable method, " +":meth:`~object.__iter__`, as an abstract method. The implementation given " +"here can still be called from subclasses. The :meth:`!get_iterator` method " +"is also part of the ``MyIterable`` abstract base class, but it does not have" +" to be overridden in non-abstract derived classes." +msgstr "" +"ABC ``MyIterable`` 将标准的可迭代对象方法 :meth:`~object.__iter__` 定义为一个抽象方法。 " +"这里给出的实现仍可以从子类中调用。 :meth:`!get_iterator` 方法也是 ``MyIterable`` " +"抽象基类的一部分，但它并非必须在非抽象的派生类中被重写。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:149 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`__subclasshook__` class method defined here says that any class " +"that has an :meth:`~object.__iter__` method in its :attr:`~object.__dict__` " +"(or in that of one of its base classes, accessed via the " +":attr:`~type.__mro__` list) is considered a ``MyIterable`` too." +msgstr "" +"这里定义的 :meth:`__subclasshook__` 类方法指明任何在其 :attr:`~object.__dict__` (或在其通过 " +":attr:`~type.__mro__` 列表访问的基本) 中具有 :meth:`~object.__iter__` 方法的类也都会被视为 " +"``MyIterable``。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Finally, the last line makes ``Foo`` a virtual subclass of ``MyIterable``, " +"even though it does not define an :meth:`~object.__iter__` method (it uses " +"the old-style iterable protocol, defined in terms of :meth:`~object.__len__`" +" and :meth:`~object.__getitem__`). Note that this will not make " +"``get_iterator`` available as a method of ``Foo``, so it is provided " +"separately." +msgstr "" +"最后，末尾的行使得 ``Foo`` 成为 ``MyIterable`` 的一个虚子类，即使它没有定义 :meth:`~object.__iter__` " +"方法（它使用了以 :meth:`~object.__len__` 和 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"等方法定义的旧式可迭代协议）。 请注意这将不会使 ``get_iterator`` 成为 ``Foo`` 可用的方法，所以它会被单独提供。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:163 +msgid "The :mod:`!abc` module also provides the following decorator:" +msgstr ":mod:`!abc` 模块还提供了下列装饰器：" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:167 +msgid "A decorator indicating abstract methods." +msgstr "用于声明抽象方法的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Using this decorator requires that the class's metaclass is :class:`ABCMeta`" +" or is derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from " +":class:`!ABCMeta` cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract methods " +"and properties are overridden. The abstract methods can be called using any" +" of the normal 'super' call mechanisms. :func:`!abstractmethod` may be used" +" to declare abstract methods for properties and descriptors." +msgstr "" +"使用此装饰器要求类的元类是 :class:`ABCMeta` 或是其派生类。 一个具有派生自 :class:`!ABCMeta` " +"的元类的类无法被实例化，除非它全部的抽象方法和特征属性均已被重载。 抽象方法可通过任何普通的 'super' 调用机制来调用。 " +":func:`!abstractmethod` 可被用于声明特征属性和描述器的抽象方法。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Dynamically adding abstract methods to a class, or attempting to modify the " +"abstraction status of a method or class once it is created, are only " +"supported using the :func:`update_abstractmethods` function. The " +":func:`!abstractmethod` only affects subclasses derived using regular " +"inheritance; \"virtual subclasses\" registered with the ABC's " +":meth:`~ABCMeta.register` method are not affected." +msgstr "" +"动态地添加抽象方法到一个类，或尝试在方法或类被创建后修改其抽象状态等操作仅在使用 :func:`update_abstractmethods` " +"函数时受到支持。 :func:`!abstractmethod` 只会影响使用常规继承所派生的子类；通过 ABC 的 " +":meth:`~ABCMeta.register` 方法注册的“虚子类”不会受到影响。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:183 +msgid "" +"When :func:`!abstractmethod` is applied in combination with other method " +"descriptors, it should be applied as the innermost decorator, as shown in " +"the following usage examples::" +msgstr "当 :func:`!abstractmethod` 与其他方法描述器配合应用时，它应当被应用为最内层的装饰器，如以下用法示例所示::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:187 +msgid "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_method(self, arg1):\n" +" ...\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, arg2):\n" +" ...\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_staticmethod(arg3):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_property(self):\n" +" ...\n" +" @my_abstract_property.setter\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_property(self, val):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def _get_x(self):\n" +" ...\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def _set_x(self, val):\n" +" ...\n" +" x = property(_get_x, _set_x)" +msgstr "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_method(self, arg1):\n" +" ...\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, arg2):\n" +" ...\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_staticmethod(arg3):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_property(self):\n" +" ...\n" +" @my_abstract_property.setter\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_property(self, val):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def _get_x(self):\n" +" ...\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def _set_x(self, val):\n" +" ...\n" +" x = property(_get_x, _set_x)" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:217 +msgid "" +"In order to correctly interoperate with the abstract base class machinery, " +"the descriptor must identify itself as abstract using " +":attr:`!__isabstractmethod__`. In general, this attribute should be ``True``" +" if any of the methods used to compose the descriptor are abstract. For " +"example, Python's built-in :class:`property` does the equivalent of::" +msgstr "" +"为了正确地与抽象基类机制互操作，描述器必须使用 :attr:`!__isabstractmethod__` 将自身标识为抽象的。 " +"通常，如果组成描述器的任一方法是抽象的，那么此属性就应为 ``True``。 例如，Python 的内置 :class:`property` " +"所做的就等价于::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:223 +msgid "" +"class Descriptor:\n" +" ...\n" +" @property\n" +" def __isabstractmethod__(self):\n" +" return any(getattr(f, '__isabstractmethod__', False) for\n" +" f in (self._fget, self._fset, self._fdel))" +msgstr "" +"class Descriptor:\n" +" ...\n" +" @property\n" +" def __isabstractmethod__(self):\n" +" return any(getattr(f, '__isabstractmethod__', False) for\n" +" f in (self._fget, self._fset, self._fdel))" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Unlike Java abstract methods, these abstract methods may have an " +"implementation. This implementation can be called via the :func:`super` " +"mechanism from the class that overrides it. This could be useful as an end-" +"point for a super-call in a framework that uses cooperative multiple-" +"inheritance." +msgstr "" +"不同于 Java 抽象方法，这些抽象方法可能具有一个实现。 这个实现可在重写它的类上通过 :func:`super` 机制来调用。 " +"这在使用协作多重继承的框架中可以被用作 super 调用的一个终点。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:239 +msgid "The :mod:`!abc` module also supports the following legacy decorators:" +msgstr ":mod:`!abc` 模块还支持下列旧式装饰器：" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:244 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to use :class:`classmethod` with :func:`abstractmethod`, " +"making this decorator redundant." +msgstr "现在可以让 :class:`classmethod` 配合 :func:`abstractmethod` 使用，使得此装饰器变得冗余。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:248 +msgid "" +"A subclass of the built-in :func:`classmethod`, indicating an abstract " +"classmethod. Otherwise it is similar to :func:`abstractmethod`." +msgstr "" +"内置 :func:`classmethod` 的子类，指明一个抽象类方法。 在其他方面它都类似于 :func:`abstractmethod`。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:251 +msgid "" +"This special case is deprecated, as the :func:`classmethod` decorator is now" +" correctly identified as abstract when applied to an abstract method::" +msgstr "这个特例已被弃用，因为现在当 :func:`classmethod` 装饰器应用于抽象方法时它会被正确地标识为抽象的::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:255 +msgid "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, arg):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, arg):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:265 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to use :class:`staticmethod` with :func:`abstractmethod`," +" making this decorator redundant." +msgstr "现在可以让 :class:`staticmethod` 配合 :func:`abstractmethod` 使用，使得此装饰器变得冗余。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:269 +msgid "" +"A subclass of the built-in :func:`staticmethod`, indicating an abstract " +"staticmethod. Otherwise it is similar to :func:`abstractmethod`." +msgstr "" +"内置 :func:`staticmethod` 的子类，指明一个抽象静态方法。 在其他方面它都类似于 :func:`abstractmethod`。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:272 +msgid "" +"This special case is deprecated, as the :func:`staticmethod` decorator is " +"now correctly identified as abstract when applied to an abstract method::" +msgstr "这个特例已被弃用，因为现在当 :func:`staticmethod` 装饰器应用于抽象方法时它会被正确地标识为抽象的::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:276 +msgid "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_staticmethod(arg):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_staticmethod(arg):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:285 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to use :class:`property`, :meth:`property.getter`, " +":meth:`property.setter` and :meth:`property.deleter` with " +":func:`abstractmethod`, making this decorator redundant." +msgstr "" +"现在可以让 :class:`property`, :meth:`property.getter`, :meth:`property.setter` 和 " +":meth:`property.deleter` 配合 :func:`abstractmethod` 使用，使得此装饰器变得冗余。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:290 +msgid "" +"A subclass of the built-in :func:`property`, indicating an abstract " +"property." +msgstr "内置 :func:`property` 的子类，指明一个抽象特性属性。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:293 +msgid "" +"This special case is deprecated, as the :func:`property` decorator is now " +"correctly identified as abstract when applied to an abstract method::" +msgstr "这个特例已被弃用，因为现在当 :func:`property` 装饰器应用于抽象方法时它会被正确地标识为抽象的::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:297 +msgid "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @property\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_property(self):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @property\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def my_abstract_property(self):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:303 +msgid "" +"The above example defines a read-only property; you can also define a read-" +"write abstract property by appropriately marking one or more of the " +"underlying methods as abstract::" +msgstr "上面的例子定义了一个只读特征属性；你也可以通过适当地将一个或多个下层方法标记为抽象的来定义可读写的抽象特征属性::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:307 +msgid "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @property\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @x.setter\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def x(self, val):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C(ABC):\n" +" @property\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @x.setter\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def x(self, val):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:317 +msgid "" +"If only some components are abstract, only those components need to be " +"updated to create a concrete property in a subclass::" +msgstr "如果只有某些组件是抽象的，则只需更新那些组件即可在子类中创建具体的特征属性::" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:320 +msgid "" +"class D(C):\n" +" @C.x.setter\n" +" def x(self, val):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class D(C):\n" +" @C.x.setter\n" +" def x(self, val):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:326 +msgid "The :mod:`!abc` module also provides the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`!abc` 模块还提供了下列函数：" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:330 +msgid "Returns the current abstract base class cache token." +msgstr "返回当前抽象基类的缓存令牌" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:332 +msgid "" +"The token is an opaque object (that supports equality testing) identifying " +"the current version of the abstract base class cache for virtual subclasses." +" The token changes with every call to :meth:`ABCMeta.register` on any ABC." +msgstr "" +"此令牌是一个不透明对象（支持相等性测试），用于为虚子类标识抽象基类缓存的当前版本。 此令牌会在任何 ABC 上每次调用 " +":meth:`ABCMeta.register` 时发生更改。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:340 +msgid "" +"A function to recalculate an abstract class's abstraction status. This " +"function should be called if a class's abstract methods have been " +"implemented or changed after it was created. Usually, this function should " +"be called from within a class decorator." +msgstr "" +"重新计算一个抽象类的抽象状态的函数。 如果一个类的抽象方法在类被创建后被实现或被修改则应当调用此函数。 通常，此函数应当在一个类装饰器内部被调用。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:345 +msgid "Returns *cls*, to allow usage as a class decorator." +msgstr "返回 *cls*，使其能够用作类装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:347 +msgid "If *cls* is not an instance of :class:`ABCMeta`, does nothing." +msgstr "如果 *cls* 不是 :class:`ABCMeta` 的子类，则不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:351 +msgid "" +"This function assumes that *cls*'s superclasses are already updated. It does" +" not update any subclasses." +msgstr "此函数会假定 *cls* 的上级类已经被更新。 它不会更新任何子类。" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:357 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/abc.rst:358 +msgid "" +"C++ programmers should note that Python's virtual base class concept is not " +"the same as C++'s." +msgstr "C++ 程序员需要注意：Python 中虚基类的概念和 C++ 中的并不相同。" diff --git a/library/aifc.po b/library/aifc.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1d03c73e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/aifc.po @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: 乐成 王, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`aifc` --- Read and write AIFF and AIFC files" +msgstr ":mod:`aifc` --- 读写 AIFF 和 AIFC 文件" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/aifc.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/aifc.py`" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`aifc` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#aifc>` for " +"details)." +msgstr ":mod:`aifc` 模块已被弃用（详见 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#aifc>`）" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:22 +msgid "" +"This module provides support for reading and writing AIFF and AIFF-C files. " +"AIFF is Audio Interchange File Format, a format for storing digital audio " +"samples in a file. AIFF-C is a newer version of the format that includes " +"the ability to compress the audio data." +msgstr "" +"本模块为读写 AIFF 和 AIFF-C 文件提供支持。AIFF 是音频交换文件格式 (Audio Interchange File " +"Format)，一种用于在文件中存储数字音频采样的格式。AIFF-C 是该格式的新版本，包含了压缩音频数据的功能。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Audio files have a number of parameters that describe the audio data. The " +"sampling rate or frame rate is the number of times per second the sound is " +"sampled. The number of channels indicate if the audio is mono, stereo, or " +"quadro. Each frame consists of one sample per channel. The sample size is " +"the size in bytes of each sample. Thus a frame consists of ``nchannels * " +"samplesize`` bytes, and a second's worth of audio consists of ``nchannels * " +"samplesize * framerate`` bytes." +msgstr "" +"音频文件内有许多参数，用于描述音频数据。采样率或帧率是每秒对声音采样的次数。通道数表示音频是单声道，双声道还是四声道。每个通道的每个帧包含一次采样。采样大小是以字节表示的每次采样的大小。因此，一帧由" +" ``nchannels * samplesize`` （通道数*采样大小）字节组成，而一秒钟的音频包含 ``nchannels * " +"samplesize * framerate`` （通道数*采样大小*帧率）字节。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:35 +msgid "" +"For example, CD quality audio has a sample size of two bytes (16 bits), uses" +" two channels (stereo) and has a frame rate of 44,100 frames/second. This " +"gives a frame size of 4 bytes (2\\*2), and a second's worth occupies " +"2\\*2\\*44100 bytes (176,400 bytes)." +msgstr "" +"例如，CD 质量的音频采样大小为 2 字节（16位），使用 2 个声道（立体声），且帧速率为 44,100 帧/秒。这表示帧大小为 4 字节 " +"(2\\*2)，一秒钟占用 2\\*2\\*44100 字节（176,400 字节）。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:40 +msgid "Module :mod:`aifc` defines the following function:" +msgstr ":mod:`aifc` 模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Open an AIFF or AIFF-C file and return an object instance with methods that " +"are described below. The argument *file* is either a string naming a file " +"or a :term:`file object`. *mode* must be ``'r'`` or ``'rb'`` when the file " +"must be opened for reading, or ``'w'`` or ``'wb'`` when the file must be " +"opened for writing. If omitted, ``file.mode`` is used if it exists, " +"otherwise ``'rb'`` is used. When used for writing, the file object should " +"be seekable, unless you know ahead of time how many samples you are going to" +" write in total and use :meth:`writeframesraw` and :meth:`setnframes`. The " +":func:`.open` function may be used in a :keyword:`with` statement. When the" +" :keyword:`!with` block completes, the :meth:`~aifc.close` method is called." +msgstr "" +"打开一个 AIFF 或 AIFF-C 文件并返回一个对象实例，该实例具有下方描述的方法。参数 *file* 是文件名称字符串或 :term:`文件对象 " +"`。当打开文件用于读取时，*mode* 必须为 ``'r'`` 或 ``'rb'``，当打开文件用于写入时，*mode* " +"必须为 ``'w'`` 或 ``'wb'``。如果该参数省略，则使用 ``file.mode`` 的值（如果有），否则使用 " +"``'rb'``。当文件用于写入时，文件对象应该支持 seek 操作，除非提前获知写入的采样总数，并使用 :meth:`writeframesraw` " +"和 :meth:`setnframes`。:func:`.open` 函数可以在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用。当 " +":keyword:`!with` 块执行完毕，将调用 :meth:`~aifc.close` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:56 +msgid "Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added." +msgstr "添加了对 :keyword:`with` 语句的支持。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Objects returned by :func:`.open` when a file is opened for reading have the" +" following methods:" +msgstr "当打开文件用于读取时，由 :func:`.open` 返回的对象具有以下几种方法：" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:65 +msgid "Return the number of audio channels (1 for mono, 2 for stereo)." +msgstr "返回音频的通道数（单声道为 1，立体声为 2）。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:70 +msgid "Return the size in bytes of individual samples." +msgstr "返回以字节表示的单个采样的大小。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:75 +msgid "Return the sampling rate (number of audio frames per second)." +msgstr "返回采样率（每秒的音频帧数）。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:80 +msgid "Return the number of audio frames in the file." +msgstr "返回文件中的音频帧总数。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes array of length 4 describing the type of compression used in " +"the audio file. For AIFF files, the returned value is ``b'NONE'``." +msgstr "返回一个长度为 4 的字节数组，描述了音频文件中使用的压缩类型。对于 AIFF 文件，返回值为 ``b'NONE'``。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes array convertible to a human-readable description of the type" +" of compression used in the audio file. For AIFF files, the returned value " +"is ``b'not compressed'``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个字节数组，可转换为人类可读的描述，描述的是音频文件中使用的压缩类型。对于 AIFF 文件，返回值为 ``b'not compressed'``。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Returns a :func:`~collections.namedtuple` ``(nchannels, sampwidth, " +"framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)``, equivalent to output of the " +":meth:`get\\*` methods." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :func:`~collections.namedtuple` ``(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, " +"nframes, comptype, compname)``，与 :meth:`get\\*` 方法的输出相同。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Return a list of markers in the audio file. A marker consists of a tuple of" +" three elements. The first is the mark ID (an integer), the second is the " +"mark position in frames from the beginning of the data (an integer), the " +"third is the name of the mark (a string)." +msgstr "" +"返回一个列表，包含音频文件中的所有标记。标记由一个 3 元素的元组组成。第一个元素是标记 " +"ID（整数），第二个是标记位置，从数据开头算起的帧数（整数），第三个是标记的名称（字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Return the tuple as described in :meth:`getmarkers` for the mark with the " +"given *id*." +msgstr "根据传入的标记 *id* 返回元组，元组与 :meth:`getmarkers` 中描述的一致。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Read and return the next *nframes* frames from the audio file. The returned" +" data is a string containing for each frame the uncompressed samples of all " +"channels." +msgstr "从音频文件读取并返回后续 *nframes* 个帧。返回的数据是一个字符串，包含每个帧所有通道的未压缩采样值。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Rewind the read pointer. The next :meth:`readframes` will start from the " +"beginning." +msgstr "倒回读取指针。下一次 :meth:`readframes` 将从头开始。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:133 +msgid "Seek to the specified frame number." +msgstr "移动读取指针到指定的帧上。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:138 +msgid "Return the current frame number." +msgstr "返回当前的帧号。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Close the AIFF file. After calling this method, the object can no longer be" +" used." +msgstr "关闭 AIFF 文件。调用此方法后，对象将无法再使用。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Objects returned by :func:`.open` when a file is opened for writing have all" +" the above methods, except for :meth:`readframes` and :meth:`setpos`. In " +"addition the following methods exist. The :meth:`get\\*` methods can only " +"be called after the corresponding :meth:`set\\*` methods have been called. " +"Before the first :meth:`writeframes` or :meth:`writeframesraw`, all " +"parameters except for the number of frames must be filled in." +msgstr "" +"打开文件用于写入时，:func:`.open` 返回的对象具有上述所有方法，但 :meth:`readframes` 和 :meth:`setpos` " +"除外，并额外具备了以下方法。只有调用了 :meth:`set\\*` 方法之后，才能调用相应的 :meth:`get\\*` 方法。在首次调用 " +":meth:`writeframes` 或 :meth:`writeframesraw` 之前，必须填写除帧数以外的所有参数。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Create an AIFF file. The default is that an AIFF-C file is created, unless " +"the name of the file ends in ``'.aiff'`` in which case the default is an " +"AIFF file." +msgstr "创建一个 AIFF 文件，默认创建 AIFF-C 文件，除非文件名以 ``'.aiff'`` 为后缀，在此情况下默认创建 AIFF 文件。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Create an AIFF-C file. The default is that an AIFF-C file is created, " +"unless the name of the file ends in ``'.aiff'`` in which case the default is" +" an AIFF file." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 AIFF-C 文件。 默认创建 AIFF-C 文件，除非文件名以 ``'.aiff'`` 为后缀，在此情况下默认创建 AIFF 文件。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:169 +msgid "Specify the number of channels in the audio file." +msgstr "指明音频文件中的通道数。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:174 +msgid "Specify the size in bytes of audio samples." +msgstr "指明以字节为单位的音频采样大小。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:179 +msgid "Specify the sampling frequency in frames per second." +msgstr "指明以每秒帧数表示的采样频率。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Specify the number of frames that are to be written to the audio file. If " +"this parameter is not set, or not set correctly, the file needs to support " +"seeking." +msgstr "指明要写入到音频文件的帧数。 如果未设定此形参或者未正确设定，则文件需要支持位置查找。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Specify the compression type. If not specified, the audio data will not be " +"compressed. In AIFF files, compression is not possible. The name parameter " +"should be a human-readable description of the compression type as a bytes " +"array, the type parameter should be a bytes array of length 4. Currently " +"the following compression types are supported: ``b'NONE'``, ``b'ULAW'``, " +"``b'ALAW'``, ``b'G722'``." +msgstr "" +"指明压缩类型。 如果未指明，则音频数据将不会被压缩。 在 AIFF 文件中，压缩是无法实现的。 name " +"形参应当为以字节数组表示的人类可读的压缩类型描述，type 形参应当为长度为 4 的字节数组。 目前支持的压缩类型如下: ``b'NONE'``, " +"``b'ULAW'``, ``b'ALAW'``, ``b'G722'``。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Set all the above parameters at once. The argument is a tuple consisting of" +" the various parameters. This means that it is possible to use the result " +"of a :meth:`getparams` call as argument to :meth:`setparams`." +msgstr "" +"一次性设置上述所有参数。 该参数是由多个形参组成的元组。 这意味着可以使用 :meth:`getparams` 调用的结果作为 " +":meth:`setparams` 的参数。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Add a mark with the given id (larger than 0), and the given name at the " +"given position. This method can be called at any time before :meth:`close`." +msgstr "添加具有给定 id (大于 0)，以及在给定位置上给定名称的标记。 此方法可在 :meth:`close` 之前的任何时候被调用。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Return the current write position in the output file. Useful in combination" +" with :meth:`setmark`." +msgstr "返回输出文件中的当前写入位置。 适用于与 :meth:`setmark` 进行协同配合。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Write data to the output file. This method can only be called after the " +"audio file parameters have been set." +msgstr "将数据写入到输出文件。 此方法只能在设置了音频文件形参之后被调用。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:228 ../../library/aifc.rst:237 +msgid "Any :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted." +msgstr "现在可接受任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`writeframes`, except that the header of the audio file is not " +"updated." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`writeframes`，不同之处在于音频文件的标头不会被更新。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Close the AIFF file. The header of the file is updated to reflect the " +"actual size of the audio data. After calling this method, the object can no " +"longer be used." +msgstr "关闭 AIFF 文件。 文件的标头会被更新以反映音频数据的实际大小。 在调用此方法之后，对象将无法再被使用。" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:10 +msgid "Audio Interchange File Format" +msgstr "Audio Interchange File Format" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:10 +msgid "AIFF" +msgstr "AIFF" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:10 +msgid "AIFF-C" +msgstr "AIFF-C" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:190 +msgid "u-LAW" +msgstr "u-LAW" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:190 +msgid "A-LAW" +msgstr "A-LAW" + +#: ../../library/aifc.rst:190 +msgid "G.722" +msgstr "G.722" diff --git a/library/allos.po b/library/allos.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1dad2a02c --- /dev/null +++ b/library/allos.po @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Xu Siyuan, 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/allos.rst:5 +msgid "Generic Operating System Services" +msgstr "通用操作系统服务" + +#: ../../library/allos.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to operating system" +" features that are available on (almost) all operating systems, such as " +"files and a clock. The interfaces are generally modeled after the Unix or C" +" interfaces, but they are available on most other systems as well. Here's " +"an overview:" +msgstr "" +"本章中描述的各模块提供了在（几乎）所有的操作系统上可用的操作系统特性的接口，例如文件和时钟。这些接口通常以 Unix 或 C " +"接口为参考对象，不过在大多数其他系统上也可用。这里有一个概述：" diff --git a/library/archiving.po b/library/archiving.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a04398e84 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/archiving.po @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dingyuan Wang , 2021 +# 刘士 , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: 刘士 , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/archiving.rst:5 +msgid "Data Compression and Archiving" +msgstr "数据压缩和存档" + +#: ../../library/archiving.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter support data compression with the " +"zlib, gzip, bzip2 and lzma algorithms, and the creation of ZIP- and tar-" +"format archives. See also :ref:`archiving-operations` provided by the " +":mod:`shutil` module." +msgstr "" +"本章中描述的模块支持 zlib、gzip、bzip2 和 lzma 数据压缩算法，以及创建 ZIP 和 tar 格式的归档文件。参见由 " +":mod:`shutil` 模块提供的 :ref:`archiving-operations` 。" diff --git a/library/argparse.po b/library/argparse.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b63f296f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/argparse.po @@ -0,0 +1,4074 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dingyuan Wang , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# stone jing , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# ww song , 2023 +# 汇民 王 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`!argparse` --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and " +"subcommands" +msgstr ":mod:`!argparse` --- 用于命令行选项、参数和子命令的解析器" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/argparse.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/argparse.py`" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:16 +msgid "" +"While :mod:`argparse` is the default recommended standard library module for" +" implementing basic command line applications, authors with more exacting " +"requirements for exactly how their command line applications behave may find" +" it doesn't provide the necessary level of control. Refer to :ref:`choosing-" +"an-argument-parser` for alternatives to consider when ``argparse`` doesn't " +"support behaviors that the application requires (such as entirely disabling " +"support for interspersed options and positional arguments, or accepting " +"option parameter values that start with ``-`` even when they correspond to " +"another defined option)." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :mod:`argparse` " +"是推荐的用于实现基本命令行应用程序的标准库模块，但对于命令行应用程序的行为有更明确的要求的开发者可能会发现它并未提供所需层次的控制能力。 请参阅 " +":ref:`choosing-an-argument-parser` 了解当 ``argparse`` " +"不支持特定应用程序需要的行为（例如完全禁用散开选项和位置参数，或接受以 ``-`` 开头的选项形参值即使它们对应了其它已定义的选项）时可以考虑的替代。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst-1 +msgid "Tutorial" +msgstr "教程" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This page contains the API reference information. For a more gentle " +"introduction to Python command-line parsing, have a look at the " +":ref:`argparse tutorial `." +msgstr "" +"此页面包含该 API 的参考信息。有关 Python 命令行解析更细致的介绍，请参阅 :ref:`argparse 教程 `。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:34 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!argparse` module makes it easy to write user-friendly command-" +"line interfaces. The program defines what arguments it requires, and " +":mod:`!argparse` will figure out how to parse those out of :data:`sys.argv`." +" The :mod:`!argparse` module also automatically generates help and usage " +"messages. The module will also issue errors when users give the program " +"invalid arguments." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!argparse` 模块让编写用户友好的命令行接口变得容易。 程序定义它需要哪些参数，:mod:`!argparse` 将会知道如何从 " +":data:`sys.argv` 解析它们。 :mod:`!argparse` 模块还能自动生成帮助和用法消息文本。 " +"该模块还会在用户向程序传入无效参数时发出错误提示。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:40 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!argparse` module's support for command-line interfaces is built " +"around an instance of :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`. It is a container " +"for argument specifications and has options that apply to the parser as " +"whole::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!argparse` 模块对命令行界面的支持是围绕 :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` 实例建立的。 " +"它是一个用于参数规格说明的容器并包含应用于解析器的一组选项::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:44 +msgid "" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +" prog='ProgramName',\n" +" description='What the program does',\n" +" epilog='Text at the bottom of help')" +msgstr "" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +" prog='ProgramName',\n" +" description='What the program does',\n" +" epilog='Text at the bottom of help')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument` method attaches individual argument " +"specifications to the parser. It supports positional arguments, options " +"that accept values, and on/off flags::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument` 方法将单个参数规格说明关联到解析器。 " +"它支持位置参数，接受各种值的选项，以及各种启用/禁用旗标::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:53 +msgid "" +"parser.add_argument('filename') # positional argument\n" +"parser.add_argument('-c', '--count') # option that takes a value\n" +"parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose',\n" +" action='store_true') # on/off flag" +msgstr "" +"parser.add_argument('filename') # 位置参数\n" +"parser.add_argument('-c', '--count') # 接受一个值的选项\n" +"parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose',\n" +" action='store_true') # 启用/禁用旗标" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:58 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`ArgumentParser.parse_args` method runs the parser and places the " +"extracted data in a :class:`argparse.Namespace` object::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`ArgumentParser.parse_args` 方法运行解析器并将提取的数据放入 " +":class:`argparse.Namespace` 对象::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:61 +msgid "" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.filename, args.count, args.verbose)" +msgstr "" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args.filename, args.count, args.verbose)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:65 +msgid "" +"If you're looking for a guide about how to upgrade :mod:`optparse` code to " +":mod:`!argparse`, see :ref:`Upgrading Optparse Code `." +msgstr "" +"如果您正在寻找如何将 :mod:`optparse` 代码升级到 :mod:`!argparse` 的指南，请参阅 :ref:`Upgrading " +"Optparse Code `。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:69 +msgid "ArgumentParser objects" +msgstr "ArgumentParser 对象" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`ArgumentParser` object. All parameters should be passed" +" as keyword arguments. Each parameter has its own more detailed description " +"below, but in short they are:" +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的 :class:`ArgumentParser` " +"对象。所有的参数都应当作为关键字参数传入。每个参数在下面都有它更详细的描述，但简而言之，它们是：" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:82 +msgid "" +"prog_ - The name of the program (default: ``os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])``)" +msgstr "prog_ - 程序的名称 (默认值: ``os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])``)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:85 +msgid "" +"usage_ - The string describing the program usage (default: generated from " +"arguments added to parser)" +msgstr "usage_ - 描述程序用途的字符串（默认值：从添加到解析器的参数生成）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:88 +msgid "" +"description_ - Text to display before the argument help (by default, no " +"text)" +msgstr "description_ - 要在参数帮助信息之前显示的文本（默认：无文本）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:91 +msgid "" +"epilog_ - Text to display after the argument help (by default, no text)" +msgstr "epilog_ - 要在参数帮助信息之后显示的文本（默认：无文本）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:93 +msgid "" +"parents_ - A list of :class:`ArgumentParser` objects whose arguments should " +"also be included" +msgstr "parents_ - 一个 :class:`ArgumentParser` 对象的列表，它们的参数也应包含在内" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:96 +msgid "formatter_class_ - A class for customizing the help output" +msgstr "formatter_class_ - 用于自定义帮助文档输出格式的类" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:98 +msgid "" +"prefix_chars_ - The set of characters that prefix optional arguments " +"(default: '-')" +msgstr "prefix_chars_ - 可选参数的前缀字符集合（默认值： '-'）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:101 +msgid "" +"fromfile_prefix_chars_ - The set of characters that prefix files from which " +"additional arguments should be read (default: ``None``)" +msgstr "fromfile_prefix_chars_ - 当需要从文件中读取其他参数时，用于标识文件名的前缀字符集合（默认值： ``None``）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:104 +msgid "" +"argument_default_ - The global default value for arguments (default: " +"``None``)" +msgstr "argument_default_ - 参数的全局默认值（默认值： ``None``）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:107 +msgid "" +"conflict_handler_ - The strategy for resolving conflicting optionals " +"(usually unnecessary)" +msgstr "conflict_handler_ - 解决冲突选项的策略（通常是不必要的）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:110 +msgid "" +"add_help_ - Add a ``-h/--help`` option to the parser (default: ``True``)" +msgstr "add_help_ - 为解析器添加一个 ``-h/--help`` 选项（默认值： ``True``）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:112 +msgid "" +"allow_abbrev_ - Allows long options to be abbreviated if the abbreviation is" +" unambiguous. (default: ``True``)" +msgstr "allow_abbrev_ - 如果缩写是无歧义的，则允许缩写长选项 （默认值：``True``）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:115 +msgid "" +"exit_on_error_ - Determines whether or not :class:`!ArgumentParser` exits " +"with error info when an error occurs. (default: ``True``)" +msgstr "" +"exit_on_error_ - 确定当出现错误时，:class:`!ArgumentParser` " +"是否退出并显示错误信息。（默认值:``True``）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:118 +msgid "*allow_abbrev* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *allow_abbrev* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:121 +msgid "" +"In previous versions, *allow_abbrev* also disabled grouping of short flags " +"such as ``-vv`` to mean ``-v -v``." +msgstr "在之前的版本中，*allow_abbrev* 还会禁用短旗标分组，例如 ``-vv`` 表示为 ``-v -v``。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:125 +msgid "*exit_on_error* parameter was added." +msgstr "添加了 *exit_on_error* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:128 ../../library/argparse.rst:610 +msgid "The following sections describe how each of these are used." +msgstr "以下部分描述这些参数如何使用。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:134 +msgid "prog" +msgstr "prog" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:137 +msgid "" +"By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` calculates the name of the program to " +"display in help messages depending on the way the Python interpreter was " +"run:" +msgstr "默认情况下 ，:class:`ArgumentParser` 根据Python 解释器 的运行方式，计算出要在帮助信息中显示的程序名称：" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The :func:`base name ` of ``sys.argv[0]`` if a file was " +"passed as argument." +msgstr "" +"如果作为参数传递的是文件，则是``sys.argv[0]`` 的 :func:`base name ` 。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:142 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter name followed by ``sys.argv[0]`` if a directory or a " +"zipfile was passed as argument." +msgstr "如果作为参数传递的是目录或ZIP文件，则是Python 解释器名称，后接``sys.argv[0]``。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:144 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter name followed by ``-m`` followed by the module or " +"package name if the :option:`-m` option was used." +msgstr "如果使用 :option:`-m` 选项则是在 Python 解释器名称后接 ``-m`` 再加模块或包的名称。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:147 +msgid "" +"This default is almost always desirable because it will make the help " +"messages match the string that was used to invoke the program on the command" +" line. However, to change this default behavior, another value can be " +"supplied using the ``prog=`` argument to :class:`ArgumentParser`::" +msgstr "" +"默认行为几乎总是符合需求因为它将使帮助消息与在命令行上唤起程序所用的字符串相匹配。 不过，要更改此默认行为，可以将 ``prog=`` 参数传入 " +":class:`ArgumentParser` 以提供另外的值::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:152 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='myprogram')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: myprogram [-h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='myprogram')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: myprogram [-h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Note that the program name, whether determined from ``sys.argv[0]`` or from " +"the ``prog=`` argument, is available to help messages using the ``%(prog)s``" +" format specifier." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是，无论是从 ``sys.argv[0]`` 或是从 ``prog=`` 参数确定的程序名称，都可以在帮助消息里通过 ``%(prog)s``" +" 格式说明符来引用。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:165 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='myprogram')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='foo of the %(prog)s program')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: myprogram [-h] [--foo FOO]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo FOO foo of the myprogram program" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='myprogram')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='foo of the %(prog)s program')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: myprogram [-h] [--foo FOO]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo FOO foo of the myprogram program" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:176 +msgid "usage" +msgstr "usage（用法）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:178 +msgid "" +"By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` calculates the usage message from the " +"arguments it contains. The default message can be overridden with the " +"``usage=`` keyword argument::" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，:class:`ArgumentParser` 会从它所包含的参数中计算出用法消息。 默认消息可以通过 ``usage=`` " +"关键字参数进行覆盖。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:182 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', usage='%(prog)s [options]')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='?', help='foo help')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='+', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [options]\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar bar help\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo [FOO] foo help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', usage='%(prog)s [options]')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='?', help='foo help')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='+', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [options]\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar bar help\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo [FOO] foo help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The ``%(prog)s`` format specifier is available to fill in the program name " +"in your usage messages." +msgstr "在用法消息中可以使用 ``%(prog)s`` 格式说明符来填入程序名称。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:202 +msgid "description" +msgstr "description（描述）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Most calls to the :class:`ArgumentParser` constructor will use the " +"``description=`` keyword argument. This argument gives a brief description " +"of what the program does and how it works. In help messages, the " +"description is displayed between the command-line usage string and the help " +"messages for the various arguments." +msgstr "" +"大多数对 :class:`ArgumentParser` 构造器的调用都会使用 ``description=`` 关键字参数。 " +"这个参数简要描述这个程序做什么以及怎么做。 在帮助消息中，这个描述会显示在命令行用法字符串和各种参数的帮助消息之间。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:210 +msgid "" +"By default, the description will be line-wrapped so that it fits within the " +"given space. To change this behavior, see the formatter_class_ argument." +msgstr "在默认情况下，description 将被换行以便适应给定的空间。如果想改变这种行为，见 formatter_class_ 参数。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:215 +msgid "epilog" +msgstr "epilog" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Some programs like to display additional description of the program after " +"the description of the arguments. Such text can be specified using the " +"``epilog=`` argument to :class:`ArgumentParser`::" +msgstr "" +"一些程序喜欢在 description 参数后显示额外的对程序的描述。这种文字能够通过给 :class:`ArgumentParser`:: 提供 " +"``epilog=`` 参数而被指定。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:221 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... description='A foo that bars',\n" +"... epilog=\"And that's how you'd foo a bar\")\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: argparse.py [-h]\n" +"\n" +"A foo that bars\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"And that's how you'd foo a bar" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... description='A foo that bars',\n" +"... epilog=\"And that's how you'd foo a bar\")\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: argparse.py [-h]\n" +"\n" +"A foo that bars\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"And that's how you'd foo a bar" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:234 +msgid "" +"As with the description_ argument, the ``epilog=`` text is by default line-" +"wrapped, but this behavior can be adjusted with the formatter_class_ " +"argument to :class:`ArgumentParser`." +msgstr "" +"和 description_ 参数一样，``epilog=`` text 在默认情况下会换行，但是这种行为能够被调整通过提供 " +"formatter_class_ 参数给 :class:`ArgumentParse`." + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:240 +msgid "parents" +msgstr "parents" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:242 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, several parsers share a common set of arguments. Rather than " +"repeating the definitions of these arguments, a single parser with all the " +"shared arguments and passed to ``parents=`` argument to " +":class:`ArgumentParser` can be used. The ``parents=`` argument takes a list" +" of :class:`ArgumentParser` objects, collects all the positional and " +"optional actions from them, and adds these actions to the " +":class:`ArgumentParser` object being constructed::" +msgstr "" +"有些时候，少数解析器会使用同一系列参数。 单个解析器能够通过提供 ``parents=`` 参数给 :class:`ArgumentParser` " +"而使用相同的参数而不是重复这些参数的定义。``parents=`` 参数使用 :class:`ArgumentParser` " +"对象的列表，从它们那里收集所有的位置和可选的行为，然后将这写行为加到正在构建的 :class:`ArgumentParser` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:249 +msgid "" +">>> parent_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)\n" +">>> parent_parser.add_argument('--parent', type=int)\n" +"\n" +">>> foo_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=[parent_parser])\n" +">>> foo_parser.add_argument('foo')\n" +">>> foo_parser.parse_args(['--parent', '2', 'XXX'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='XXX', parent=2)\n" +"\n" +">>> bar_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=[parent_parser])\n" +">>> bar_parser.add_argument('--bar')\n" +">>> bar_parser.parse_args(['--bar', 'YYY'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='YYY', parent=None)" +msgstr "" +">>> parent_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)\n" +">>> parent_parser.add_argument('--parent', type=int)\n" +"\n" +">>> foo_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=[parent_parser])\n" +">>> foo_parser.add_argument('foo')\n" +">>> foo_parser.parse_args(['--parent', '2', 'XXX'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='XXX', parent=2)\n" +"\n" +">>> bar_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=[parent_parser])\n" +">>> bar_parser.add_argument('--bar')\n" +">>> bar_parser.parse_args(['--bar', 'YYY'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='YYY', parent=None)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Note that most parent parsers will specify ``add_help=False``. Otherwise, " +"the :class:`ArgumentParser` will see two ``-h/--help`` options (one in the " +"parent and one in the child) and raise an error." +msgstr "" +"请注意大多数父解析器会指定 ``add_help=False`` . 否则， :class:`ArgumentParse` 将会看到两个 " +"``-h/--help`` 选项（一个在父参数中一个在子参数中）并且产生一个错误。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:267 +msgid "" +"You must fully initialize the parsers before passing them via ``parents=``. " +"If you change the parent parsers after the child parser, those changes will " +"not be reflected in the child." +msgstr "你在通过 ``parents=`` 传递解析器之前必须完全初始化它们。 如果你在子解析器之后改变父解析器，这些改变将不会反映在子解析器上。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:275 +msgid "formatter_class" +msgstr "formatter_class" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:277 +msgid "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` objects allow the help formatting to be customized " +"by specifying an alternate formatting class. Currently, there are four such" +" classes:" +msgstr ":class:`ArgumentParser` 对象允许通过指定备用格式化类来自定义帮助格式。目前，有四种这样的类。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:286 +msgid "" +":class:`RawDescriptionHelpFormatter` and :class:`RawTextHelpFormatter` give " +"more control over how textual descriptions are displayed. By default, " +":class:`ArgumentParser` objects line-wrap the description_ and epilog_ texts" +" in command-line help messages::" +msgstr "" +":class:`RawDescriptionHelpFormatter` 和 :class:`RawTextHelpFormatter` " +"在正文的描述和展示上给与了更多的控制。:class:`ArgumentParser` 对象会将 description_ 和 epilog_ " +"的文字在命令行中自动换行。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:291 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... description='''this description\n" +"... was indented weird\n" +"... but that is okay''',\n" +"... epilog='''\n" +"... likewise for this epilog whose whitespace will\n" +"... be cleaned up and whose words will be wrapped\n" +"... across a couple lines''')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h]\n" +"\n" +"this description was indented weird but that is okay\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"likewise for this epilog whose whitespace will be cleaned up and whose words\n" +"will be wrapped across a couple lines" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... description='''this description\n" +"... was indented weird\n" +"... but that is okay''',\n" +"... epilog='''\n" +"... likewise for this epilog whose whitespace will\n" +"... be cleaned up and whose words will be wrapped\n" +"... across a couple lines''')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h]\n" +"\n" +"this description was indented weird but that is okay\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"likewise for this epilog whose whitespace will be cleaned up and whose words\n" +"will be wrapped across a couple lines" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:311 +msgid "" +"Passing :class:`RawDescriptionHelpFormatter` as ``formatter_class=`` " +"indicates that description_ and epilog_ are already correctly formatted and " +"should not be line-wrapped::" +msgstr "" +"传 :class:`RawDescriptionHelpFormatter` 给 ``formatter_class=`` 表示 " +"description_ 和 epilog_ 已经被正确的格式化了，不能在命令行中被自动换行::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:315 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,\n" +"... description=textwrap.dedent('''\\\n" +"... Please do not mess up this text!\n" +"... --------------------------------\n" +"... I have indented it\n" +"... exactly the way\n" +"... I want it\n" +"... '''))\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h]\n" +"\n" +"Please do not mess up this text!\n" +"--------------------------------\n" +" I have indented it\n" +" exactly the way\n" +" I want it\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,\n" +"... description=textwrap.dedent('''\\\n" +"... Please do not mess up this text!\n" +"... --------------------------------\n" +"... I have indented it\n" +"... exactly the way\n" +"... I want it\n" +"... '''))\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h]\n" +"\n" +"Please do not mess up this text!\n" +"--------------------------------\n" +" I have indented it\n" +" exactly the way\n" +" I want it\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:337 +msgid "" +":class:`RawTextHelpFormatter` maintains whitespace for all sorts of help " +"text, including argument descriptions. However, multiple newlines are " +"replaced with one. If you wish to preserve multiple blank lines, add spaces " +"between the newlines." +msgstr "" +":class:`RawTextHelpFormatter` 保留各种帮助文本的空白符，包括参数描述。 但是，多个换行符会被替换为一个。 " +"如果你希望保留多个空行，请在换行符之间添加空格。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:342 +msgid "" +":class:`ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter` automatically adds information about " +"default values to each of the argument help messages::" +msgstr ":class:`ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter` 自动添加默认的值的信息到每一个帮助信息的参数中::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:345 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type=int, default=42, help='FOO!')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='*', default=[1, 2, 3], help='BAR!')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar ...]\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar BAR! (default: [1, 2, 3])\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo FOO FOO! (default: 42)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type=int, default=42, help='FOO!')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='*', default=[1, 2, 3], help='BAR!')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar ...]\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar BAR! (default: [1, 2, 3])\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo FOO FOO! (default: 42)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:360 +msgid "" +":class:`MetavarTypeHelpFormatter` uses the name of the type_ argument for " +"each argument as the display name for its values (rather than using the " +"dest_ as the regular formatter does)::" +msgstr "" +":class:`MetavarTypeHelpFormatter` 为它的值在每一个参数中使用 type_ 的参数名当作它的显示名（而不是使用通常的格式" +" dest_ )::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:364 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... formatter_class=argparse.MetavarTypeHelpFormatter)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', type=float)\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo int] float\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" float\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo int" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +"... prog='PROG',\n" +"... formatter_class=argparse.MetavarTypeHelpFormatter)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', type=float)\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo int] float\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" float\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo int" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:381 +msgid "prefix_chars" +msgstr "prefix_chars" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Most command-line options will use ``-`` as the prefix, e.g. ``-f/--foo``. " +"Parsers that need to support different or additional prefix characters, e.g." +" for options like ``+f`` or ``/foo``, may specify them using the " +"``prefix_chars=`` argument to the :class:`ArgumentParser` constructor::" +msgstr "" +"大多数命令行选项会使用 ``-`` 作为前缀，例如 ``-f/--foo``。 如果解析器需要支持不同的或者额外的前缀字符，例如像 ``+f`` 或 " +"``/foo`` 之类的选项，可以在 :class:`ArgumentParser` 构造器中使用 ``prefix_chars=`` " +"参数来指定它们::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:389 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', prefix_chars='-+')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('+f')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('++bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('+f X ++bar Y'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='Y', f='X')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', prefix_chars='-+')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('+f')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('++bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('+f X ++bar Y'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='Y', f='X')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:395 +msgid "" +"The ``prefix_chars=`` argument defaults to ``'-'``. Supplying a set of " +"characters that does not include ``-`` will cause ``-f/--foo`` options to be" +" disallowed." +msgstr "" +"``prefix_chars=`` 参数默认使用 ``'-'``。 提供一组不包括 ``-`` 的字符将导致 ``-f/--foo`` 选项不被允许。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:401 +msgid "fromfile_prefix_chars" +msgstr "fromfile_prefix_chars" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:403 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, when dealing with a particularly long argument list, it may make " +"sense to keep the list of arguments in a file rather than typing it out at " +"the command line. If the ``fromfile_prefix_chars=`` argument is given to " +"the :class:`ArgumentParser` constructor, then arguments that start with any " +"of the specified characters will be treated as files, and will be replaced " +"by the arguments they contain. For example::" +msgstr "" +"在某些时候，如在处理一个特别长的参数列表时，把参数列表保存在一个文件中而不是在命令行中打印出来会更有意义。 如果提供 " +"``fromfile_prefix_chars=`` 参数给 :class:`ArgumentParser` " +"构造器，则任何以指定字符打头的参数都将被当作文件来处理，并将被它们包含的参数所替代。 举例来说::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:410 +msgid "" +">>> with open('args.txt', 'w', encoding=sys.getfilesystemencoding()) as fp:\n" +"... fp.write('-f\\nbar')\n" +"...\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(fromfile_prefix_chars='@')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-f', 'foo', '@args.txt'])\n" +"Namespace(f='bar')" +msgstr "" +">>> with open('args.txt', 'w', encoding=sys.getfilesystemencoding()) as fp:\n" +"... fp.write('-f\\nbar')\n" +"...\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(fromfile_prefix_chars='@')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-f', 'foo', '@args.txt'])\n" +"Namespace(f='bar')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:418 +msgid "" +"Arguments read from a file must by default be one per line (but see also " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.convert_arg_line_to_args`) and are treated as if they" +" were in the same place as the original file referencing argument on the " +"command line. So in the example above, the expression ``['-f', 'foo', " +"'@args.txt']`` is considered equivalent to the expression ``['-f', 'foo', " +"'-f', 'bar']``." +msgstr "" +"从文件读取的参数在默认情况下必须一个一行（但是可参见 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.convert_arg_line_to_args`）并且它们被视为与命令行上的原始文件引用参数位于同一位置。所以在以上例子中，``['-f'," +" 'foo', '@args.txt']`` 的表示和 ``['-f', 'foo', '-f', 'bar']`` 的表示相同。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:424 +msgid "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` uses :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` " +"to read the file containing arguments." +msgstr "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` 使用 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` " +"来读取包含参数的文件。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:427 +msgid "" +"The ``fromfile_prefix_chars=`` argument defaults to ``None``, meaning that " +"arguments will never be treated as file references." +msgstr "``fromfile_prefix_chars=`` 参数默认为 ``None``，意味着参数不会被当作文件对待。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:430 +msgid "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` changed encoding and errors to read arguments files " +"from default (e.g. :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) " +"` and ``\"strict\"``) to the :term:`filesystem " +"encoding and error handler`. Arguments file should be encoded in UTF-8 " +"instead of ANSI Codepage on Windows." +msgstr "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` 将读取参数的编码格式和错误处理方式从默认值 (即 " +":func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) ` 和 " +"``\"strict\"``) 改为 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`。 在 Windows " +"上参数文件应当以 UTF-8 而不是 ANSI 代码页来编码。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:438 +msgid "argument_default" +msgstr "argument_default" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:440 +msgid "" +"Generally, argument defaults are specified either by passing a default to " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` or by calling the " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.set_defaults` methods with a specific set of name-" +"value pairs. Sometimes however, it may be useful to specify a single " +"parser-wide default for arguments. This can be accomplished by passing the " +"``argument_default=`` keyword argument to :class:`ArgumentParser`. For " +"example, to globally suppress attribute creation on " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` calls, we supply " +"``argument_default=SUPPRESS``::" +msgstr "" +"一般情况下，参数默认会通过设置一个默认到 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 或者调用带一组指定键值对的 " +":meth:`ArgumentParser.set_defaults` 方法。但是有些时候，为参数指定一个普遍适用的解析器会更有用。这能够通过传输 " +"``argument_default=`` 关键词参数给 :class:`ArgumentParser` 来完成。举个栗子，要全局禁止在 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 中创建属性，我们提供 " +"``argument_default=SUPPRESS``::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:449 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(argument_default=argparse.SUPPRESS)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '1', 'BAR'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='BAR', foo='1')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace()" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(argument_default=argparse.SUPPRESS)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '1', 'BAR'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='BAR', foo='1')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace()" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:460 +msgid "allow_abbrev" +msgstr "allow_abbrev" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:462 +msgid "" +"Normally, when you pass an argument list to the " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method of an :class:`ArgumentParser`, it " +":ref:`recognizes abbreviations ` of long options." +msgstr "" +"正常情况下，当你向 :class:`ArgumentParser` 的 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` " +"方法传入一个参数列表时，它会 :ref:`recognizes abbreviations `。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:466 +msgid "" +"This feature can be disabled by setting ``allow_abbrev`` to ``False``::" +msgstr "这个特性可以设置 ``allow_abbrev`` 为 ``False`` 来关闭::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:468 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', allow_abbrev=False)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foobar', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foonley', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foon'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foobar] [--foonley]\n" +"PROG: error: unrecognized arguments: --foon" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', allow_abbrev=False)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foobar', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foonley', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foon'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foobar] [--foonley]\n" +"PROG: error: unrecognized arguments: --foon" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:479 +msgid "conflict_handler" +msgstr "conflict_handler" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:481 +msgid "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` objects do not allow two actions with the same " +"option string. By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` objects raise an " +"exception if an attempt is made to create an argument with an option string " +"that is already in use::" +msgstr "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` 对象不允许在相同选项字符串下有两种行为。默认情况下， :class:`ArgumentParser` " +"对象会产生一个异常如果去创建一个正在使用的选项字符串参数。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:486 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo', help='old foo help')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='new foo help')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ..\n" +"ArgumentError: argument --foo: conflicting option string(s): --foo" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo', help='old foo help')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='new foo help')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ..\n" +"ArgumentError: argument --foo: conflicting option string(s): --foo" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Sometimes (e.g. when using parents_) it may be useful to simply override any" +" older arguments with the same option string. To get this behavior, the " +"value ``'resolve'`` can be supplied to the ``conflict_handler=`` argument of" +" :class:`ArgumentParser`::" +msgstr "" +"有些时候（例如：使用 parents_），重写旧的有相同选项字符串的参数会更有用。为了产生这种行为， ``'resolve'`` 值可以提供给 " +":class:`ArgumentParser` 的 ``conflict_handler=`` 参数::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:498 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', conflict_handler='resolve')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo', help='old foo help')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='new foo help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-f FOO] [--foo FOO]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -f FOO old foo help\n" +" --foo FOO new foo help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', conflict_handler='resolve')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo', help='old foo help')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='new foo help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-f FOO] [--foo FOO]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -f FOO old foo help\n" +" --foo FOO new foo help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:509 +msgid "" +"Note that :class:`ArgumentParser` objects only remove an action if all of " +"its option strings are overridden. So, in the example above, the old " +"``-f/--foo`` action is retained as the ``-f`` action, because only the " +"``--foo`` option string was overridden." +msgstr "" +"注意 :class:`ArgumentParser` 对象只能移除一个行为如果它所有的选项字符串都被重写。所以，在上面的例子中，旧的 " +"``-f/--foo`` 行为 回合 ``-f`` 行为保持一样, 因为只有 ``--foo`` 选项字符串被重写。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:516 +msgid "add_help" +msgstr "add_help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:518 +msgid "" +"By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` objects add an option which simply " +"displays the parser's help message. If ``-h`` or ``--help`` is supplied at " +"the command line, the :class:`!ArgumentParser` help will be printed." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，:class:`ArgumentParser` 对象会添加一个简单地显示解析器的帮助消息的选项。 如果在命令行中提供了 ``-h`` 或 " +"``--help``，则会打印 :class:`!ArgumentParser` 帮助消息。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:522 +msgid "" +"Occasionally, it may be useful to disable the addition of this help option. " +"This can be achieved by passing ``False`` as the ``add_help=`` argument to " +":class:`ArgumentParser`::" +msgstr "" +"有时候可能会需要关闭额外的帮助信息。这可以通过在 :class:`ArgumentParser` 中设置 ``add_help=`` 参数为 " +"``False`` 来实现。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:526 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', add_help=False)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [--foo FOO]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" --foo FOO foo help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', add_help=False)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [--foo FOO]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" --foo FOO foo help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:534 +msgid "" +"The help option is typically ``-h/--help``. The exception to this is if the " +"``prefix_chars=`` is specified and does not include ``-``, in which case " +"``-h`` and ``--help`` are not valid options. In this case, the first " +"character in ``prefix_chars`` is used to prefix the help options::" +msgstr "" +"帮助选项一般为 ``-h/--help``。如果 ``prefix_chars=`` 被指定并且没有包含 ``-`` 字符，在这种情况下， ``-h``" +" ``--help`` 不是有效的选项。此时， ``prefix_chars`` 的第一个字符将用作帮助选项的前缀。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:540 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', prefix_chars='+/')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [+h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" +h, ++help show this help message and exit" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', prefix_chars='+/')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [+h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" +h, ++help show this help message and exit" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:549 +msgid "exit_on_error" +msgstr "exit_on_error" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:551 +msgid "" +"Normally, when you pass an invalid argument list to the " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method of an :class:`ArgumentParser`, it " +"will print a *message* to :data:`sys.stderr` and exit with a status code of " +"2." +msgstr "" +"通常，当你向 :class:`ArgumentParser` :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` " +"方法传入一个无效的参数列表时，它会将 *message* 打印到 :data:`sys.stderr` 并附带状态码 2 退出程序。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:555 +msgid "" +"If the user would like to catch errors manually, the feature can be enabled " +"by setting ``exit_on_error`` to ``False``::" +msgstr "如果用户想要手动捕获错误，可通过将 ``exit_on_error`` 设为 ``False`` 来启用该特性::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:558 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--integers', type=int)\n" +"_StoreAction(option_strings=['--integers'], dest='integers', nargs=None, const=None, default=None, type=, choices=None, help=None, metavar=None)\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... parser.parse_args('--integers a'.split())\n" +"... except argparse.ArgumentError:\n" +"... print('Catching an argumentError')\n" +"...\n" +"Catching an argumentError" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(exit_on_error=False)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--integers', type=int)\n" +"_StoreAction(option_strings=['--integers'], dest='integers', nargs=None, const=None, default=None, type=, choices=None, help=None, metavar=None)\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... parser.parse_args('--integers a'.split())\n" +"... except argparse.ArgumentError:\n" +"... print('Catching an argumentError')\n" +"...\n" +"Catching an argumentError" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:572 +msgid "The add_argument() method" +msgstr "add_argument() 方法" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:578 +msgid "" +"Define how a single command-line argument should be parsed. Each parameter " +"has its own more detailed description below, but in short they are:" +msgstr "定义单个的命令行参数应当如何解析。每个形参都在下面有它自己更多的描述，长话短说有：" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:581 +msgid "" +"`name or flags`_ - Either a name or a list of option strings, e.g. ``'foo'``" +" or ``'-f', '--foo'``." +msgstr "" +"`name or flags`_ - 一个名称或是由选项字符串组成的列表，例如 ``'foo'`` 或 ``'-f', '--foo'``。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:584 +msgid "" +"action_ - The basic type of action to be taken when this argument is " +"encountered at the command line." +msgstr "action_ - 当参数在命令行中出现时使用的动作基本类型。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:587 +msgid "nargs_ - The number of command-line arguments that should be consumed." +msgstr "nargs_ - 命令行参数应当消耗的数目。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:589 +msgid "" +"const_ - A constant value required by some action_ and nargs_ selections." +msgstr "const_ - 被一些 action_ 和 nargs_ 选择所需求的常数。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:591 +msgid "" +"default_ - The value produced if the argument is absent from the command " +"line and if it is absent from the namespace object." +msgstr "default_ - 当参数未在命令行中出现并且也不存在于命名空间对象时所产生的值。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:594 +msgid "" +"type_ - The type to which the command-line argument should be converted." +msgstr "type_ - 命令行参数应当被转换成的类型。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:596 +msgid "choices_ - A sequence of the allowable values for the argument." +msgstr "choices_ - 由允许作为参数的值组成的序列。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:598 +msgid "" +"required_ - Whether or not the command-line option may be omitted (optionals" +" only)." +msgstr "required_ - 此命令行选项是否可省略 （仅选项可用）。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:601 +msgid "help_ - A brief description of what the argument does." +msgstr "help_ - 一个此选项作用的简单描述。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:603 +msgid "metavar_ - A name for the argument in usage messages." +msgstr "metavar_ - 在使用方法消息中使用的参数值示例。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:605 +msgid "" +"dest_ - The name of the attribute to be added to the object returned by " +":meth:`parse_args`." +msgstr "dest_ - 被添加到 :meth:`parse_args` 所返回对象上的属性名。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:608 +msgid "deprecated_ - Whether or not use of the argument is deprecated." +msgstr "deprecated_ - 参数的使用是否已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:616 +msgid "name or flags" +msgstr "name or flags" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:618 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` method must know whether an " +"optional argument, like ``-f`` or ``--foo``, or a positional argument, like " +"a list of filenames, is expected. The first arguments passed to " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` must therefore be either a series of " +"flags, or a simple argument name." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 方法必须知道是要接收一个可选参数，如 ``-f`` 或 " +"``--foo``，还是一个位置参数，如由文件名组成的列表。 因此首先传递给 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` " +"的参数必须是一组旗标，或一个简单的参数名称。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:624 +msgid "For example, an optional argument could be created like::" +msgstr "例如，可以这样创建可选参数::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:626 +msgid ">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo')" +msgstr ">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:628 +msgid "while a positional argument could be created like::" +msgstr "而位置参数可以这么创建::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:630 +msgid ">>> parser.add_argument('bar')" +msgstr ">>> parser.add_argument('bar')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:632 +msgid "" +"When :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` is called, optional arguments will " +"be identified by the ``-`` prefix, and the remaining arguments will be " +"assumed to be positional::" +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 被调用，选项会以 ``-`` 前缀识别，剩下的参数则会被假定为位置参数::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:636 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['BAR'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='BAR', foo=None)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['BAR', '--foo', 'FOO'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='BAR', foo='FOO')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'FOO'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-f FOO] bar\n" +"PROG: error: the following arguments are required: bar" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['BAR'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='BAR', foo=None)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['BAR', '--foo', 'FOO'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='BAR', foo='FOO')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'FOO'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-f FOO] bar\n" +"PROG: error: the following arguments are required: bar" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:651 +msgid "action" +msgstr "action" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:653 +msgid "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` objects associate command-line arguments with " +"actions. These actions can do just about anything with the command-line " +"arguments associated with them, though most actions simply add an attribute " +"to the object returned by :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`. The " +"``action`` keyword argument specifies how the command-line arguments should " +"be handled. The supplied actions are:" +msgstr "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` 对象将命令行参数与动作相关联。这些动作可以做与它们相关联的命令行参数的任何事，尽管大多数动作只是简单的向" +" :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 返回的对象上添加属性。``action`` " +"命名参数指定了这个命令行参数应当如何处理。供应的动作有：" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:659 +msgid "" +"``'store'`` - This just stores the argument's value. This is the default " +"action." +msgstr "``'store'`` - 这用于存储参数的值。 这是默认的动作。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:662 +msgid "" +"``'store_const'`` - This stores the value specified by the const_ keyword " +"argument; note that the const_ keyword argument defaults to ``None``. The " +"``'store_const'`` action is most commonly used with optional arguments that " +"specify some sort of flag. For example::" +msgstr "" +"``'store_const'`` - 存储由 const_ 关键字参数指定的值；请注意 const_ 关键字参数默认为 ``None``。 " +"``'store_const'`` 动作最常被用于指定某类旗标的可选参数。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:667 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_const', const=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=42)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_const', const=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=42)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:672 +msgid "" +"``'store_true'`` and ``'store_false'`` - These are special cases of " +"``'store_const'`` used for storing the values ``True`` and ``False`` " +"respectively. In addition, they create default values of ``False`` and " +"``True`` respectively::" +msgstr "" +"``'store_true'`` 和 ``'store_false'`` - 这些是 ``'store_const'`` 的特例，分别用于存储 " +"``True`` 和 ``False`` 值。 此外，它们还会分别创建默认的 ``False`` 和 ``True`` 值::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:677 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--baz', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo --bar'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo=True, bar=False, baz=True)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--baz', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo --bar'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo=True, bar=False, baz=True)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:684 +msgid "" +"``'append'`` - This stores a list, and appends each argument value to the " +"list. It is useful to allow an option to be specified multiple times. If the" +" default value is non-empty, the default elements will be present in the " +"parsed value for the option, with any values from the command line appended " +"after those default values. Example usage::" +msgstr "" +"``'append'`` - 存储一个列表，并将每个参数值添加到该列表。 它适用于允许可多次指定的选项。 " +"如果默认值非空，则默认的元素将出现在该选项的已解析值中，并将所有来自命令行的值添加在默认值之后。 示例用法::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:690 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='append')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo 1 --foo 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo=['1', '2'])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='append')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo 1 --foo 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo=['1', '2'])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:695 +msgid "" +"``'append_const'`` - This stores a list, and appends the value specified by " +"the const_ keyword argument to the list; note that the const_ keyword " +"argument defaults to ``None``. The ``'append_const'`` action is typically " +"useful when multiple arguments need to store constants to the same list. For" +" example::" +msgstr "" +"``'append_const'`` - 存储一个列表，并将由 const_ 关键字参数指定的值添加到列表中；请注意 const_ 关键字参数默认为 " +"``None``。 ``'append_const'`` 动作通常适用于多个参数需要将常量存储到同一列表的场合。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:701 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--str', dest='types', action='append_const', const=str)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--int', dest='types', action='append_const', const=int)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--str --int'.split())\n" +"Namespace(types=[, ])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--str', dest='types', action='append_const', const=str)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--int', dest='types', action='append_const', const=int)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--str --int'.split())\n" +"Namespace(types=[, ])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:707 +msgid "" +"``'extend'`` - This stores a list and appends each item from the multi-value" +" argument list to it. The ``'extend'`` action is typically used with the " +"nargs_ keyword argument value ``'+'`` or ``'*'``. Note that when nargs_ is " +"``None`` (the default) or ``'?'``, each character of the argument string " +"will be appended to the list. Example usage::" +msgstr "" +"``'extend'`` - 这将存储一个列表并添加来自于多值参数列表的每个条目。 ``'extend'`` 动作通常配合 nargs_ 关键字参数值 " +"``'+'`` 或 ``'*'`` 使用。 请注意当 nargs_ 为 ``None`` (默认值) 或 ``'?'`` " +"时，将把参数字符串中的每个字符添加到列表。 示例用法::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:715 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument(\"--foo\", action=\"extend\", nargs=\"+\", type=str)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([\"--foo\", \"f1\", \"--foo\", \"f2\", \"f3\", \"f4\"])\n" +"Namespace(foo=['f1', 'f2', 'f3', 'f4'])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument(\"--foo\", action=\"extend\", nargs=\"+\", type=str)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([\"--foo\", \"f1\", \"--foo\", \"f2\", \"f3\", \"f4\"])\n" +"Namespace(foo=['f1', 'f2', 'f3', 'f4'])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:722 +msgid "" +"``'count'`` - This counts the number of times a keyword argument occurs. For" +" example, this is useful for increasing verbosity levels::" +msgstr "``'count'`` - 计算一个关键字参数出现的数目或次数。例如，对于一个增长的详情等级来说有用::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:725 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default=0)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-vvv'])\n" +"Namespace(verbose=3)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default=0)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-vvv'])\n" +"Namespace(verbose=3)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:730 +msgid "Note, the *default* will be ``None`` unless explicitly set to *0*." +msgstr "请注意，*default* 将为 ``None``，除非显式地设为 *0*。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:732 +msgid "" +"``'help'`` - This prints a complete help message for all the options in the " +"current parser and then exits. By default a help action is automatically " +"added to the parser. See :class:`ArgumentParser` for details of how the " +"output is created." +msgstr "" +"``'help'`` - 打印所有当前解析器中的选项和参数的完整帮助信息，然后退出。默认情况下，一个 help " +"动作会被自动加入解析器。关于输出是如何创建的，参与 :class:`ArgumentParser`。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:737 +msgid "" +"``'version'`` - This expects a ``version=`` keyword argument in the " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` call, and prints version information " +"and exits when invoked::" +msgstr "" +"``'version'`` - 期望有一个 ``version=`` 命名参数在 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 调用中，并打印版本信息并在调用后退出::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:741 +msgid "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 2.0')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--version'])\n" +"PROG 2.0" +msgstr "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 2.0')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--version'])\n" +"PROG 2.0" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:747 +msgid "" +"Only actions that consume command-line arguments (e.g. ``'store'``, " +"``'append'`` or ``'extend'``) can be used with positional arguments." +msgstr "" +"只有消耗命令行参数的动作 (例如 ``'store'``, ``'append'`` 或 ``'extend'``) 可以配合位置参数使用。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:752 +msgid "" +"You may also specify an arbitrary action by passing an :class:`Action` " +"subclass or other object that implements the same interface. The " +":class:`!BooleanOptionalAction` is available in :mod:`!argparse` and adds " +"support for boolean actions such as ``--foo`` and ``--no-foo``::" +msgstr "" +"你还可以通过传递一个 :class:`Action` 子类或实现了相同接口的其他对象来指定任意动作。 " +":class:`!BooleanOptionalAction` 在 :mod:`!argparse` 中可用并会添加对布尔类型动作如 ``--foo``" +" 和 ``--no-foo`` 的支持::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:757 +msgid "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action=argparse.BooleanOptionalAction)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--no-foo'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=False)" +msgstr "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action=argparse.BooleanOptionalAction)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--no-foo'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=False)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:765 +msgid "" +"The recommended way to create a custom action is to extend :class:`Action`, " +"overriding the :meth:`!__call__` method and optionally the :meth:`!__init__`" +" and :meth:`!format_usage` methods. You can also register custom actions " +"using the :meth:`~ArgumentParser.register` method and reference them by " +"their registered name." +msgstr "" +"创建自定义动作的推荐方式是扩展 :class:`Action`，重写 :meth:`!__call__` 方法以及可选的 " +":meth:`!__init__` 和 :meth:`!format_usage` 方法。 你还可以使用 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.register` 方法注册自定义动作并通过其注册名称来引用它们。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:770 +msgid "An example of a custom action::" +msgstr "一个自定义动作的例子::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:772 +msgid "" +">>> class FooAction(argparse.Action):\n" +"... def __init__(self, option_strings, dest, nargs=None, **kwargs):\n" +"... if nargs is not None:\n" +"... raise ValueError(\"nargs not allowed\")\n" +"... super().__init__(option_strings, dest, **kwargs)\n" +"... def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):\n" +"... print('%r %r %r' % (namespace, values, option_string))\n" +"... setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)\n" +"...\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action=FooAction)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', action=FooAction)\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args('1 --foo 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar=None, foo=None) '1' None\n" +"Namespace(bar='1', foo=None) '2' '--foo'\n" +">>> args\n" +"Namespace(bar='1', foo='2')" +msgstr "" +">>> class FooAction(argparse.Action):\n" +"... def __init__(self, option_strings, dest, nargs=None, **kwargs):\n" +"... if nargs is not None:\n" +"... raise ValueError(\"nargs not allowed\")\n" +"... super().__init__(option_strings, dest, **kwargs)\n" +"... def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):\n" +"... print('%r %r %r' % (namespace, values, option_string))\n" +"... setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)\n" +"...\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action=FooAction)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', action=FooAction)\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args('1 --foo 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar=None, foo=None) '1' None\n" +"Namespace(bar='1', foo=None) '2' '--foo'\n" +">>> args\n" +"Namespace(bar='1', foo='2')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:790 +msgid "For more details, see :class:`Action`." +msgstr "更多描述，见 :class:`Action`。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:796 +msgid "nargs" +msgstr "nargs" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:798 +msgid "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` objects usually associate a single command-line " +"argument with a single action to be taken. The ``nargs`` keyword argument " +"associates a different number of command-line arguments with a single " +"action. See also :ref:`specifying-ambiguous-arguments`. The supported values" +" are:" +msgstr "" +":class:`ArgumentParser` 对象通常会将一个单独的命令行参数关联到一个单独的要执行的动作。 ``nargs`` " +"关键字参数会将不同数量的命令行参数关联到一个单独的动作。 另请参阅 :ref:`specifying-ambiguous-arguments`。 " +"受支持的值有：" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:803 +msgid "" +"``N`` (an integer). ``N`` arguments from the command line will be gathered " +"together into a list. For example::" +msgstr "``N`` （一个整数）。命令行中的 ``N`` 个参数会被聚集到一个列表中。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:806 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs=2)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs=1)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('c --foo a b'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar=['c'], foo=['a', 'b'])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs=2)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs=1)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('c --foo a b'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar=['c'], foo=['a', 'b'])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:812 +msgid "" +"Note that ``nargs=1`` produces a list of one item. This is different from " +"the default, in which the item is produced by itself." +msgstr "注意 ``nargs=1`` 会产生一个单元素列表。这和默认的元素本身是不同的。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:817 +msgid "" +"``'?'``. One argument will be consumed from the command line if possible, " +"and produced as a single item. If no command-line argument is present, the " +"value from default_ will be produced. Note that for optional arguments, " +"there is an additional case - the option string is present but not followed " +"by a command-line argument. In this case the value from const_ will be " +"produced. Some examples to illustrate this::" +msgstr "" +"``'?'``。 如果可能的话，会从命令行中消耗一个参数，并产生一个单独项。 如果当前没有命令行参数，将会产生 default_ 值。 " +"注意对于可选参数来说，还有一个额外情况 —— 出现了选项字符串但没有跟随命令行参数，在此情况下将会产生 const_ 值。 " +"一些说明这种情况的例子如下::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:824 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='?', const='c', default='d')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?', default='d')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['XX', '--foo', 'YY'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='XX', foo='YY')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['XX', '--foo'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='XX', foo='c')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(bar='d', foo='d')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='?', const='c', default='d')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?', default='d')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['XX', '--foo', 'YY'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='XX', foo='YY')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['XX', '--foo'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='XX', foo='c')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(bar='d', foo='d')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:834 +msgid "" +"One of the more common uses of ``nargs='?'`` is to allow optional input and " +"output files::" +msgstr "``nargs='?'`` 的一个更普遍用法是允许可选的输入或输出文件::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:837 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('r'),\n" +"... default=sys.stdin)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('outfile', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('w'),\n" +"... default=sys.stdout)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['input.txt', 'output.txt'])\n" +"Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='input.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>,\n" +" outfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='output.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='' encoding='UTF-8'>,\n" +" outfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='' encoding='UTF-8'>)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('infile', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('r'),\n" +"... default=sys.stdin)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('outfile', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('w'),\n" +"... default=sys.stdout)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['input.txt', 'output.txt'])\n" +"Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='input.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>,\n" +" outfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='output.txt' encoding='UTF-8'>)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='' encoding='UTF-8'>,\n" +" outfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='' encoding='UTF-8'>)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:851 +msgid "" +"``'*'``. All command-line arguments present are gathered into a list. Note" +" that it generally doesn't make much sense to have more than one positional " +"argument with ``nargs='*'``, but multiple optional arguments with " +"``nargs='*'`` is possible. For example::" +msgstr "" +"``'*'``。所有当前命令行参数被聚集到一个列表中。注意通过 ``nargs='*'`` " +"来实现多个位置参数通常没有意义，但是多个选项是可能的。例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:856 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='*')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--bar', nargs='*')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('baz', nargs='*')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('a b --foo x y --bar 1 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar=['1', '2'], baz=['a', 'b'], foo=['x', 'y'])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs='*')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--bar', nargs='*')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('baz', nargs='*')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('a b --foo x y --bar 1 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar=['1', '2'], baz=['a', 'b'], foo=['x', 'y'])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:865 +msgid "" +"``'+'``. Just like ``'*'``, all command-line args present are gathered into " +"a list. Additionally, an error message will be generated if there wasn't at" +" least one command-line argument present. For example::" +msgstr "" +"``'+'``。和 ``'*'`` 类似，所有当前命令行参数被聚集到一个列表中。另外，当前没有至少一个命令行参数时会产生一个错误信息。例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:869 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='+')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a', 'b'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=['a', 'b'])\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] foo [foo ...]\n" +"PROG: error: the following arguments are required: foo" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='+')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a', 'b'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=['a', 'b'])\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] foo [foo ...]\n" +"PROG: error: the following arguments are required: foo" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:877 +msgid "" +"If the ``nargs`` keyword argument is not provided, the number of arguments " +"consumed is determined by the action_. Generally this means a single " +"command-line argument will be consumed and a single item (not a list) will " +"be produced. Actions that do not consume command-line arguments (e.g. " +"``'store_const'``) set ``nargs=0``." +msgstr "" +"如果未提供 ``nargs`` 关键字参数，则消耗参数的数量将由 action_ 来确定。 通常这意味着消耗一个命令行参数并产生一个条目（而非列表）。 " +"不消耗命令行参数的动作 (例如 ``'store_const'``) 则要设置 ``nargs=0``。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:887 +msgid "const" +msgstr "const" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:889 +msgid "" +"The ``const`` argument of :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` is used to " +"hold constant values that are not read from the command line but are " +"required for the various :class:`ArgumentParser` actions. The two most " +"common uses of it are:" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的 ``const`` 参数用于保存不从命令行中读取但被各种 " +":class:`ArgumentParser` 动作需求的常数值。最常用的两例为：" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:893 +msgid "" +"When :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` is called with " +"``action='store_const'`` or ``action='append_const'``. These actions add " +"the ``const`` value to one of the attributes of the object returned by " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`. See the action_ description for " +"examples. If ``const`` is not provided to " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`, it will receive a default value of " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 附带 ``action='store_const'`` 或 " +"``action='append_const'`` 被调用时。 这些动作会把 ``const`` 值添加到 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 所返回的对象的属性中。 请查看 action_ 的示例描述。 如果未将 " +"``const`` 提供给 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`，它将接收一个 ``None`` 的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:901 +msgid "" +"When :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` is called with option strings " +"(like ``-f`` or ``--foo``) and ``nargs='?'``. This creates an optional " +"argument that can be followed by zero or one command-line arguments. When " +"parsing the command line, if the option string is encountered with no " +"command-line argument following it, the value of ``const`` will be assumed " +"to be ``None`` instead. See the nargs_ description for examples." +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 附带选项字符串 (如 ``-f`` 或 ``--foo``) 和 " +"``nargs='?'`` 被调用的时候。 这会创建一个可以跟随零到一个命令行参数的选项参数。 " +"当解析该命令行时，如果选项字符串没有跟随任何命令行参数，``const`` 的值将被假定为以 ``None`` 代替。 请参阅 nargs_ " +"描述中的示例。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:908 +msgid "" +"``const=None`` by default, including when ``action='append_const'`` or " +"``action='store_const'``." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下 ``const=None``，包括 ``action='append_const'`` 或 " +"``action='store_const'`` 的时候。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:915 +msgid "default" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:917 +msgid "" +"All optional arguments and some positional arguments may be omitted at the " +"command line. The ``default`` keyword argument of " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`, whose value defaults to ``None``, " +"specifies what value should be used if the command-line argument is not " +"present. For optional arguments, the ``default`` value is used when the " +"option string was not present at the command line::" +msgstr "" +"所有选项和一些位置参数可能在命令行中被忽略。:meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的命名参数 " +"``default``，默认值为 ``None``，指定了在命令行参数未出现时应当使用的值。对于选项， ``default`` " +"值在选项未在命令行中出现时使用::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:924 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '2'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='2')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(foo=42)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '2'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='2')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(foo=42)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:931 +msgid "" +"If the target namespace already has an attribute set, the action *default* " +"will not overwrite it::" +msgstr "如果目标命名空间已经有一个属性集，则 *default* 动作不会覆盖它::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:934 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([], namespace=argparse.Namespace(foo=101))\n" +"Namespace(foo=101)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([], namespace=argparse.Namespace(foo=101))\n" +"Namespace(foo=101)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:939 +msgid "" +"If the ``default`` value is a string, the parser parses the value as if it " +"were a command-line argument. In particular, the parser applies any type_ " +"conversion argument, if provided, before setting the attribute on the " +":class:`Namespace` return value. Otherwise, the parser uses the value as " +"is::" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``default`` 值是一个字符串，解析器解析此值就像一个命令行参数。特别是，在将属性设置在 :class:`Namespace` " +"的返回值之前，解析器应用任何提供的 type_ 转换参数。否则解析器使用原值::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:944 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--length', default='10', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--width', default=10.5, type=int)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args()\n" +"Namespace(length=10, width=10.5)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--length', default='10', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--width', default=10.5, type=int)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args()\n" +"Namespace(length=10, width=10.5)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:950 +msgid "" +"For positional arguments with nargs_ equal to ``?`` or ``*``, the " +"``default`` value is used when no command-line argument was present::" +msgstr "对于 nargs_ 等于 ``?`` 或 ``*`` 的位置参数， ``default`` 值在没有命令行参数出现时使用。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:953 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='?', default=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='a')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(foo=42)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='?', default=42)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='a')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(foo=42)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:960 +msgid "" +"For required_ arguments, the ``default`` value is ignored. For example, this" +" applies to positional arguments with nargs_ values other than ``?`` or " +"``*``, or optional arguments marked as ``required=True``." +msgstr "" +"对于 required_ 参数， ``default`` 值将被忽略。 例如，这将适用于带有 ``?`` 和 ``*`` 以外的 nargs_ " +"值的位置参数，或者被标记为 ``required=True`` 的可选参数。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Providing ``default=argparse.SUPPRESS`` causes no attribute to be added if " +"the command-line argument was not present::" +msgstr "提供 ``default=argparse.SUPPRESS`` 导致命令行参数未出现时没有属性被添加::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:967 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default=argparse.SUPPRESS)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace()\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '1'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='1')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default=argparse.SUPPRESS)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace()\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '1'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='1')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:978 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type -- 类型" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:980 +msgid "" +"By default, the parser reads command-line arguments in as simple strings. " +"However, quite often the command-line string should instead be interpreted " +"as another type, such as a :class:`float` or :class:`int`. The ``type`` " +"keyword for :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` allows any necessary type-" +"checking and type conversions to be performed." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，解析器会将命令行参数当作简单字符串读入。 然而，命令行字符串经常应当被解读为其他类型，例如 :class:`float` 或 " +":class:`int`。 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的 ``type`` " +"关键字允许执行任何必要的类型检查和类型转换。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:986 +msgid "" +"If the type_ keyword is used with the default_ keyword, the type converter " +"is only applied if the default is a string." +msgstr "如果 type_ 关键字使用了 default_ 关键字，则类型转换器仅会在默认值为字符串时被应用。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:989 +msgid "" +"The argument to ``type`` can be a callable that accepts a single string or " +"the name of a registered type (see :meth:`~ArgumentParser.register`) If the " +"function raises :exc:`ArgumentTypeError`, :exc:`TypeError`, or " +":exc:`ValueError`, the exception is caught and a nicely formatted error " +"message is displayed. Other exception types are not handled." +msgstr "" +"传给 ``type`` 的参数可以是接受一个字符串或一个已注册类型名称 (参见 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.register`) " +"的可调用对象。 如果该函数引发了 :exc:`ArgumentTypeError`, :exc:`TypeError` 或 " +":exc:`ValueError`，异常将被捕获并显示经良好格式化的错误消息。 其他异常类型则不会被处理。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:995 +msgid "Common built-in types and functions can be used as type converters:" +msgstr "普通内置类型和函数可被用作类型转换器:" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:997 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"import pathlib\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument('count', type=int)\n" +"parser.add_argument('distance', type=float)\n" +"parser.add_argument('street', type=ascii)\n" +"parser.add_argument('code_point', type=ord)\n" +"parser.add_argument('dest_file', type=argparse.FileType('w', encoding='latin-1'))\n" +"parser.add_argument('datapath', type=pathlib.Path)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"import pathlib\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument('count', type=int)\n" +"parser.add_argument('distance', type=float)\n" +"parser.add_argument('street', type=ascii)\n" +"parser.add_argument('code_point', type=ord)\n" +"parser.add_argument('dest_file', type=argparse.FileType('w', encoding='latin-1'))\n" +"parser.add_argument('datapath', type=pathlib.Path)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1010 +msgid "User defined functions can be used as well:" +msgstr "用户自定义的函数也可以被使用:" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1012 +msgid "" +">>> def hyphenated(string):\n" +"... return '-'.join([word[:4] for word in string.casefold().split()])\n" +"...\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> _ = parser.add_argument('short_title', type=hyphenated)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['\"The Tale of Two Cities\"'])\n" +"Namespace(short_title='\"the-tale-of-two-citi')" +msgstr "" +">>> def hyphenated(string):\n" +"... return '-'.join([word[:4] for word in string.casefold().split()])\n" +"...\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> _ = parser.add_argument('short_title', type=hyphenated)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['\"The Tale of Two Cities\"'])\n" +"Namespace(short_title='\"the-tale-of-two-citi')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"The :func:`bool` function is not recommended as a type converter. All it " +"does is convert empty strings to ``False`` and non-empty strings to " +"``True``. This is usually not what is desired." +msgstr "" +"不建议将 :func:`bool` 函数用作类型转换器。 它所做的只是将空字符串转为 ``False`` 而将非空字符串转为 ``True``。 " +"这通常不是用户所想要的。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1026 +msgid "" +"In general, the ``type`` keyword is a convenience that should only be used " +"for simple conversions that can only raise one of the three supported " +"exceptions. Anything with more interesting error-handling or resource " +"management should be done downstream after the arguments are parsed." +msgstr "" +"通常，``type`` 关键字是仅应被用于只会引发上述三种被支持的异常的简单转换的便捷选项。 " +"任何具有更复杂错误处理或资源管理的转换都应当在参数被解析后由下游代码来完成。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"For example, JSON or YAML conversions have complex error cases that require " +"better reporting than can be given by the ``type`` keyword. A " +":exc:`~json.JSONDecodeError` would not be well formatted and a " +":exc:`FileNotFoundError` exception would not be handled at all." +msgstr "" +"例如，JSON 或 YAML 转换具有复杂的错误情况，需要能给出比 ``type`` 关键字所能给出的更好的报告。 " +":exc:`~json.JSONDecodeError` 将不会被良好地格式化而 :exc:`FileNotFoundError` " +"异常则完全不会被处理。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"Even :class:`~argparse.FileType` has its limitations for use with the " +"``type`` keyword. If one argument uses :class:`~argparse.FileType` and then" +" a subsequent argument fails, an error is reported but the file is not " +"automatically closed. In this case, it would be better to wait until after " +"the parser has run and then use the :keyword:`with`-statement to manage the " +"files." +msgstr "" +"甚至 :class:`~argparse.FileType` 在用于 ``type`` 关键字时也是有限制的。 如果一个参数使用了 " +":class:`~argparse.FileType` 并且有一个后续参数出错，则将报告错误但文件并不会被自动关闭。 " +"在此情况下，更好的做法是等待直到解析器运行完毕再使用 :keyword:`with` 语句来管理文件。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"For type checkers that simply check against a fixed set of values, consider " +"using the choices_ keyword instead." +msgstr "对于简单地检查一组固定值的类型检查器，请考虑改用 choices_ 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1050 +msgid "choices" +msgstr "choices" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"Some command-line arguments should be selected from a restricted set of " +"values. These can be handled by passing a sequence object as the *choices* " +"keyword argument to :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`. When the command " +"line is parsed, argument values will be checked, and an error message will " +"be displayed if the argument was not one of the acceptable values::" +msgstr "" +"某些命令行参数应当从一组受限的值中选择。 这可以通过将一个序列对象作为 *choices* 关键字参数传给 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 来处理。 " +"当执行命令行解析时，参数值将被检查，如果参数不是可接受的值之一就将显示错误消息::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1058 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='game.py')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('move', choices=['rock', 'paper', 'scissors'])\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['rock'])\n" +"Namespace(move='rock')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['fire'])\n" +"usage: game.py [-h] {rock,paper,scissors}\n" +"game.py: error: argument move: invalid choice: 'fire' (choose from 'rock',\n" +"'paper', 'scissors')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='game.py')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('move', choices=['rock', 'paper', 'scissors'])\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['rock'])\n" +"Namespace(move='rock')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['fire'])\n" +"usage: game.py [-h] {rock,paper,scissors}\n" +"game.py: error: argument move: invalid choice: 'fire' (choose from 'rock',\n" +"'paper', 'scissors')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1067 +msgid "" +"Note that inclusion in the *choices* sequence is checked after any type_ " +"conversions have been performed, so the type of the objects in the *choices*" +" sequence should match the type_ specified." +msgstr "" +"注意包括在 *choices* 序列中的内容会在执行任意 type_ 转换之后被检查，因此 *choices* 序列中对象的类型应当与指定的 type_" +" 相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"Any sequence can be passed as the *choices* value, so :class:`list` objects," +" :class:`tuple` objects, and custom sequences are all supported." +msgstr "" +"任何序列都可作为 *choices* 值传入，因此 :class:`list` 对象、:class:`tuple` 对象以及自定义序列都是受支持的。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"Use of :class:`enum.Enum` is not recommended because it is difficult to " +"control its appearance in usage, help, and error messages." +msgstr "不建议使用 :class:`enum.Enum`，因为要控制其在用法、帮助和错误消息中的外观是很困难的。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"Formatted choices override the default *metavar* which is normally derived " +"from *dest*. This is usually what you want because the user never sees the " +"*dest* parameter. If this display isn't desirable (perhaps because there " +"are many choices), just specify an explicit metavar_." +msgstr "" +"已格式化的选项会覆盖默认的 *metavar*，该值一般是派生自 *dest*。 这通常就是你所需要的，因为用户永远不会看到 *dest* 形参。 " +"如果不想要这样的显示（或许因为有很多选择），只需指定一个显式的 metavar_。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1086 +msgid "required" +msgstr "required" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"In general, the :mod:`!argparse` module assumes that flags like ``-f`` and " +"``--bar`` indicate *optional* arguments, which can always be omitted at the " +"command line. To make an option *required*, ``True`` can be specified for " +"the ``required=`` keyword argument to :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`::" +msgstr "" +"通常，:mod:`!argparse` 模块会假定像 ``-f`` 和 ``--bar`` 这样的旗标是表示 *可选* " +"参数，它们总是可以在命令行中被省略。 要让一个选项成为 *必需*，则可以将 ``True`` 作为 ``required=`` 关键字参数传给 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1093 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', required=True)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'BAR'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='BAR')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"usage: [-h] --foo FOO\n" +": error: the following arguments are required: --foo" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', required=True)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'BAR'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='BAR')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"usage: [-h] --foo FOO\n" +": error: the following arguments are required: --foo" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"As the example shows, if an option is marked as ``required``, " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` will report an error if that option is " +"not present at the command line." +msgstr "" +"如这个例子所示，如果一个选项被标记为 " +"``required``，则当该选项未在命令行中出现时，:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 将会报告一个错误。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Required options are generally considered bad form because users expect " +"*options* to be *optional*, and thus they should be avoided when possible." +msgstr "必需的选项通常被认为是不适宜的，因为用户会预期 *options* 都是 *可选的*，因此在可能的情况下应当避免使用它们。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1114 +msgid "help" +msgstr "help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"The ``help`` value is a string containing a brief description of the " +"argument. When a user requests help (usually by using ``-h`` or ``--help`` " +"at the command line), these ``help`` descriptions will be displayed with " +"each argument." +msgstr "" +"``help`` 值是一个包含参数的简短描述的字符串。 当用户请求帮助时（一般是通过在命令行中使用 ``-h`` 或 ``--help`` " +"的方式），这些 ``help`` 描述信息将随每个参数一同显示。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"The ``help`` strings can include various format specifiers to avoid " +"repetition of things like the program name or the argument default_. The " +"available specifiers include the program name, ``%(prog)s`` and most keyword" +" arguments to :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`, e.g. ``%(default)s``, " +"``%(type)s``, etc.::" +msgstr "" +"``help`` 字符串可包括各种格式描述符以避免重复使用程序名称或参数 default_ 等文本。 有效的描述符包括程序名称 ``%(prog)s``" +" 和传给 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的大部分关键字参数，例如 ``%(default)s``, " +"``%(type)s`` 等等::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1126 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='frobble')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?', type=int, default=42,\n" +"... help='the bar to %(prog)s (default: %(default)s)')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: frobble [-h] [bar]\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar the bar to frobble (default: 42)\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='frobble')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?', type=int, default=42,\n" +"... help='the bar to %(prog)s (default: %(default)s)')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: frobble [-h] [bar]\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar the bar to frobble (default: 42)\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1138 +msgid "" +"As the help string supports %-formatting, if you want a literal ``%`` to " +"appear in the help string, you must escape it as ``%%``." +msgstr "由于帮助字符串支持 %-formatting，如果你希望在帮助字符串中显示 ``%`` 字面值，你必须将其转义为 ``%%``。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1141 +msgid "" +":mod:`!argparse` supports silencing the help entry for certain options, by " +"setting the ``help`` value to ``argparse.SUPPRESS``::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!argparse` 支持静默特定选面的帮助条目，具体方式是将 ``help`` 值设为 ``argparse.SUPPRESS``::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1144 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='frobble')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help=argparse.SUPPRESS)\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: frobble [-h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='frobble')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', help=argparse.SUPPRESS)\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: frobble [-h]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1156 +msgid "metavar" +msgstr "metavar" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"When :class:`ArgumentParser` generates help messages, it needs some way to " +"refer to each expected argument. By default, :class:`!ArgumentParser` " +"objects use the dest_ value as the \"name\" of each object. By default, for" +" positional argument actions, the dest_ value is used directly, and for " +"optional argument actions, the dest_ value is uppercased. So, a single " +"positional argument with ``dest='bar'`` will be referred to as ``bar``. A " +"single optional argument ``--foo`` that should be followed by a single " +"command-line argument will be referred to as ``FOO``. An example::" +msgstr "" +"当 :class:`ArgumentParser` 生成帮助消息时，它需要用某种方式来引用每个预期的参数。 " +"默认情况下，:class:`!ArgumentParser` 对象使用 dest_ 值作为每个对象的“名字”。 默认情况下，对于位置参数动作，dest_" +" 值将被直接使用，而对于可选参数动作，dest_ 值将被转为大写形式。 因此，对于 ``dest='bar'`` 位置参数的引用形式将为 " +"``bar``。 带有单个命令行参数的可选参数 ``--foo`` 的引用形式将为 ``FOO``。 一个样例::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1167 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('X --foo Y'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='X', foo='Y')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: [-h] [--foo FOO] bar\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo FOO" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('X --foo Y'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='X', foo='Y')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: [-h] [--foo FOO] bar\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo FOO" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1182 +msgid "An alternative name can be specified with ``metavar``::" +msgstr "可以使用 ``metavar`` 来指定一个替代名称::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1184 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', metavar='YYY')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', metavar='XXX')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('X --foo Y'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='X', foo='Y')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: [-h] [--foo YYY] XXX\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" XXX\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo YYY" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', metavar='YYY')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', metavar='XXX')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('X --foo Y'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='X', foo='Y')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: [-h] [--foo YYY] XXX\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" XXX\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo YYY" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"Note that ``metavar`` only changes the *displayed* name - the name of the " +"attribute on the :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` object is still " +"determined by the dest_ value." +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``metavar`` 仅改变 *显示的* 名称 - :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` " +"对象的属性名称仍然会由 dest_ 值确定。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1203 +msgid "" +"Different values of ``nargs`` may cause the metavar to be used multiple " +"times. Providing a tuple to ``metavar`` specifies a different display for " +"each of the arguments::" +msgstr "" +"不同的 ``nargs`` 值可能导致 metavar 被多次使用。 提供一个元组给 ``metavar`` 即为每个参数指定不同的显示信息::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1207 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x', nargs=2)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs=2, metavar=('bar', 'baz'))\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-x X X] [--foo bar baz]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -x X X\n" +" --foo bar baz" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x', nargs=2)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', nargs=2, metavar=('bar', 'baz'))\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-x X X] [--foo bar baz]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -x X X\n" +" --foo bar baz" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1222 +msgid "dest" +msgstr "dest" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1224 +msgid "" +"Most :class:`ArgumentParser` actions add some value as an attribute of the " +"object returned by :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`. The name of this " +"attribute is determined by the ``dest`` keyword argument of " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`. For positional argument actions, " +"``dest`` is normally supplied as the first argument to " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`::" +msgstr "" +"大多数 :class:`ArgumentParser` 动作会添加一些值作为 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` " +"所返回对象的一个属性。 该属性的名称由 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的 ``dest`` 关键字参数确定。" +" 对于位置参数动作，``dest`` 通常会作为 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的第一个参数提供::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1231 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['XXX'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='XXX')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['XXX'])\n" +"Namespace(bar='XXX')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"For optional argument actions, the value of ``dest`` is normally inferred " +"from the option strings. :class:`ArgumentParser` generates the value of " +"``dest`` by taking the first long option string and stripping away the " +"initial ``--`` string. If no long option strings were supplied, ``dest`` " +"will be derived from the first short option string by stripping the initial " +"``-`` character. Any internal ``-`` characters will be converted to ``_`` " +"characters to make sure the string is a valid attribute name. The examples " +"below illustrate this behavior::" +msgstr "" +"对于可选参数动作，``dest`` 的值通常取自选项字符串。 :class:`ArgumentParser` 会通过接受第一个长选项字符串并去掉开头的 " +"``--`` 字符串来生成 ``dest`` 的值。 如果没有提供长选项字符串，则 ``dest`` 将通过接受第一个短选项字符串并去掉开头的 " +"``-`` 字符来获得。 任何内部的 ``-`` 字符都将被转换为 ``_`` 字符以确保字符串是有效的属性名称。 下面的例子显示了这种行为::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1245 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo-bar', '--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x', '-y')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-f 1 -x 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo_bar='1', x='2')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo 1 -y 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo_bar='1', x='2')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-f', '--foo-bar', '--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x', '-y')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-f 1 -x 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo_bar='1', x='2')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo 1 -y 2'.split())\n" +"Namespace(foo_bar='1', x='2')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1253 +msgid "``dest`` allows a custom attribute name to be provided::" +msgstr "``dest`` 允许提供自定义属性名称::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1255 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', dest='bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo XXX'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='XXX')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', dest='bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('--foo XXX'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bar='XXX')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1264 +msgid "deprecated" +msgstr "deprecated" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1266 +msgid "" +"During a project's lifetime, some arguments may need to be removed from the " +"command line. Before removing them, you should inform your users that the " +"arguments are deprecated and will be removed. The ``deprecated`` keyword " +"argument of :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`, which defaults to " +"``False``, specifies if the argument is deprecated and will be removed in " +"the future. For arguments, if ``deprecated`` is ``True``, then a warning " +"will be printed to :data:`sys.stderr` when the argument is used::" +msgstr "" +"在一个项目的生命期内，某些命令行参数可能需要被移除。 在移除它们之前，你应当通知你的用户这些参数已被弃用并将被移除。 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的 ``deprecated`` " +"关键字参数指明参数已被弃用并将在未来被移除，其默认值为 ``False``。 对于每个参数，如果 ``deprecated`` 为 " +"``True``，那么当该参数被使用时会打印一条警告到 :data:`sys.stderr`::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1276 +msgid "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='snake.py')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--legs', default=0, type=int, deprecated=True)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(legs=0)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--legs', '4'])\n" +"snake.py: warning: option '--legs' is deprecated\n" +"Namespace(legs=4)" +msgstr "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='snake.py')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--legs', default=0, type=int, deprecated=True)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(legs=0)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--legs', '4'])\n" +"snake.py: warning: option '--legs' is deprecated\n" +"Namespace(legs=4)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1289 +msgid "Action classes" +msgstr "Action 类" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1291 +msgid "" +":class:`!Action` classes implement the Action API, a callable which returns " +"a callable which processes arguments from the command-line. Any object which" +" follows this API may be passed as the ``action`` parameter to " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`." +msgstr "" +":class:`!Action` 类实现了 Action API，是一个返回可调用对象的可调用对象，它返回的可调用对象将处理来自命令行的参数。 " +"任何遵循此 API 的对象均可作为 ``action`` 形参传给 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1300 +msgid "" +":class:`!Action` objects are used by an :class:`ArgumentParser` to represent" +" the information needed to parse a single argument from one or more strings " +"from the command line. The :class:`!Action` class must accept the two " +"positional arguments plus any keyword arguments passed to " +":meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument` except for the ``action`` itself." +msgstr "" +":class:`!Action` 对象会被 :class:`ArgumentParser` " +"用来代表从命令行中的一个或多个字符串中解析出单个参数所必须的信息。 :class:`!Action` 类必须接受两个位置参数加上传给 " +":meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的除了 ``action`` 本身的任何关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`!Action` (or return value of any callable to the " +"``action`` parameter) should have attributes :attr:`!dest`, " +":attr:`!option_strings`, :attr:`!default`, :attr:`!type`, :attr:`!required`," +" :attr:`!help`, etc. defined. The easiest way to ensure these attributes are" +" defined is to call :meth:`!Action.__init__`." +msgstr "" +":class:`!Action` 的实例（或作为 ``action`` 形参的任何可调用对象的返回值）应当定义 :attr:`!dest`, " +":attr:`!option_strings`, :attr:`!default`, :attr:`!type`, :attr:`!required`," +" :attr:`!help` 等属性。 确定这些属性的最容易的方式是调用 :meth:`!Action.__init__`。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1314 +msgid "" +":class:`!Action` instances should be callable, so subclasses must override " +"the :meth:`!__call__` method, which should accept four parameters:" +msgstr "" +":class:`!Action` 的实例应当为可调用对象，因此所有子类都必须重写 :meth:`!__call__` 方法，它应当接受四个形参：" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"*parser* - The :class:`ArgumentParser` object which contains this action." +msgstr "*parser* - 包含此动作的 :class:`ArgumentParser` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"*namespace* - The :class:`Namespace` object that will be returned by " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`. Most actions add an attribute to this " +"object using :func:`setattr`." +msgstr "" +"*namespace* - 将由 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 返回的 :class:`Namespace` " +"对象。 大多数动作会使用 :func:`setattr` 为此对象添加一个属性。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"*values* - The associated command-line arguments, with any type conversions " +"applied. Type conversions are specified with the type_ keyword argument to " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument`." +msgstr "" +"*values* - 关联的命令行参数，并提供要应用的类型转换。 类型转换是由传给 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的 type_ 关键字参数指定的。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"*option_string* - The option string that was used to invoke this action. The" +" ``option_string`` argument is optional, and will be absent if the action is" +" associated with a positional argument." +msgstr "" +"*option_string* - 被用于唤起此动作的选项字符串。 ``option_string`` " +"参数是可选的，并且在动作被关联到位置参数时将被略去。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!__call__` method may perform arbitrary actions, but will " +"typically set attributes on the ``namespace`` based on ``dest`` and " +"``values``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!__call__` 方法可以执行任意动作，但通常将基于 ``dest`` 和 ``values`` 来设置 ``namespace`` " +"的属性。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1336 +msgid "" +":class:`!Action` subclasses can define a :meth:`!format_usage` method that " +"takes no argument and return a string which will be used when printing the " +"usage of the program. If such method is not provided, a sensible default " +"will be used." +msgstr "" +":class:`!Action` 子类可以定义 :meth:`!format_usage` " +"方法，该方法不接受任何参数并返回一个将被用于打印程序的用法说明的字符串。 如果未提供此方法，则将使用适当的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1342 +msgid "The parse_args() method" +msgstr "parse_args() 方法" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1346 +msgid "" +"Convert argument strings to objects and assign them as attributes of the " +"namespace. Return the populated namespace." +msgstr "将参数字符串转换为对象并将其设为命名空间的属性。 返回带有成员的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1349 +msgid "" +"Previous calls to :meth:`add_argument` determine exactly what objects are " +"created and how they are assigned. See the documentation for " +":meth:`!add_argument` for details." +msgstr "" +"之前对 :meth:`add_argument` 的调用决定了哪些对象会被创建以及它们如何被赋值。 请参阅 :meth:`!add_argument` " +"的文档了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1353 +msgid "" +"args_ - List of strings to parse. The default is taken from " +":data:`sys.argv`." +msgstr "args_ - 要解析的字符串列表。 默认值是从 :data:`sys.argv` 获取。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"namespace_ - An object to take the attributes. The default is a new empty " +":class:`Namespace` object." +msgstr "namespace_ - 用于获取属性的对象。 默认值是一个新的空 :class:`Namespace` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1361 +msgid "Option value syntax" +msgstr "选项值语法" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1363 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method supports several ways of " +"specifying the value of an option (if it takes one). In the simplest case, " +"the option and its value are passed as two separate arguments::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 方法支持多种指定选项值的方式（如果它接受选项的话）。 " +"在最简单的情况下，选项和它的值是作为两个单独参数传入的::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1367 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-x', 'X'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, x='X')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'FOO'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='FOO', x=None)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-x', 'X'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, x='X')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'FOO'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='FOO', x=None)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1375 +msgid "" +"For long options (options with names longer than a single character), the " +"option and value can also be passed as a single command-line argument, using" +" ``=`` to separate them::" +msgstr "对于长选项（名称长度超过一个字符的选项），选项和值也可以作为单个命令行参数传入，使用 ``=`` 分隔它们即可::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1379 +msgid "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo=FOO'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='FOO', x=None)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo=FOO'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='FOO', x=None)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"For short options (options only one character long), the option and its " +"value can be concatenated::" +msgstr "对于短选项（长度只有一个字符的选项），选项和它的值可以拼接在一起::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1385 +msgid "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-xX'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, x='X')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-xX'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, x='X')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"Several short options can be joined together, using only a single ``-`` " +"prefix, as long as only the last option (or none of them) requires a value::" +msgstr "有些短选项可以使用单个 ``-`` 前缀来进行合并，如果仅有最后一个选项（或没有任何选项）需要值的话::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1391 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-y', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-z')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-xyzZ'])\n" +"Namespace(x=True, y=True, z='Z')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-y', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-z')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-xyzZ'])\n" +"Namespace(x=True, y=True, z='Z')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1400 +msgid "Invalid arguments" +msgstr "无效的参数" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"While parsing the command line, :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` checks " +"for a variety of errors, including ambiguous options, invalid types, invalid" +" options, wrong number of positional arguments, etc. When it encounters " +"such an error, it exits and prints the error along with a usage message::" +msgstr "" +"在解析命令行时，:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` " +"会检测多种错误，包括有歧义的选项、无效的类型、无效的选项、错误的位置参数个数等等。 当遇到这种错误时，它将退出并打印出错误文本同时附带用法消息::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1407 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?')\n" +"\n" +">>> # invalid type\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'spam'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar]\n" +"PROG: error: argument --foo: invalid int value: 'spam'\n" +"\n" +">>> # invalid option\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--bar'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar]\n" +"PROG: error: no such option: --bar\n" +"\n" +">>> # wrong number of arguments\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['spam', 'badger'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar]\n" +"PROG: error: extra arguments found: badger" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar', nargs='?')\n" +"\n" +">>> # invalid type\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'spam'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar]\n" +"PROG: error: argument --foo: invalid int value: 'spam'\n" +"\n" +">>> # invalid option\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--bar'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar]\n" +"PROG: error: no such option: --bar\n" +"\n" +">>> # wrong number of arguments\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['spam', 'badger'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO] [bar]\n" +"PROG: error: extra arguments found: badger" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1428 +msgid "Arguments containing ``-``" +msgstr "包含 ``-`` 的参数" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1430 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method attempts to give errors " +"whenever the user has clearly made a mistake, but some situations are " +"inherently ambiguous. For example, the command-line argument ``-1`` could " +"either be an attempt to specify an option or an attempt to provide a " +"positional argument. The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method is " +"cautious here: positional arguments may only begin with ``-`` if they look " +"like negative numbers and there are no options in the parser that look like " +"negative numbers::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 方法会在用户明显出错时尝试给出错误信息，但某些情况本身就存在歧义。 " +"例如，命令行参数 ``-1`` 可能是尝试指定一个选项也可能是尝试提供一个位置参数。 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` " +"方法在此会谨慎行事：位置参数只有在它们看起来像负数并且解析器中没有任何选项看起来像负数时才能以 ``-`` 打头。::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1438 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='?')\n" +"\n" +">>> # no negative number options, so -1 is a positional argument\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-x', '-1'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, x='-1')\n" +"\n" +">>> # no negative number options, so -1 and -5 are positional arguments\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-x', '-1', '-5'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='-5', x='-1')\n" +"\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-1', dest='one')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='?')\n" +"\n" +">>> # negative number options present, so -1 is an option\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-1', 'X'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, one='X')\n" +"\n" +">>> # negative number options present, so -2 is an option\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-2'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-1 ONE] [foo]\n" +"PROG: error: no such option: -2\n" +"\n" +">>> # negative number options present, so both -1s are options\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-1', '-1'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-1 ONE] [foo]\n" +"PROG: error: argument -1: expected one argument" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-x')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='?')\n" +"\n" +">>> # 没有负数选项，因此 -1 是位置参数\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-x', '-1'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, x='-1')\n" +"\n" +">>> # 没有负数选项，因此 -1 和 -5 是位置参数\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-x', '-1', '-5'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='-5', x='-1')\n" +"\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-1', dest='one')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', nargs='?')\n" +"\n" +">>> # 有负数选项，因此 -1 是选项\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-1', 'X'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=None, one='X')\n" +"\n" +">>> # 有负数选项，因此 -2 是选项\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-2'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-1 ONE] [foo]\n" +"PROG: error: no such option: -2\n" +"\n" +">>> # 有负数选项，因此两个 -1 都是选项\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-1', '-1'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-1 ONE] [foo]\n" +"PROG: error: argument -1: expected one argument" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"If you have positional arguments that must begin with ``-`` and don't look " +"like negative numbers, you can insert the pseudo-argument ``'--'`` which " +"tells :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` that everything after that is a " +"positional argument::" +msgstr "" +"如果你有必须以 ``-`` 打头的位置参数并且看起来不像负数，你可以插入伪参数 ``'--'`` 以告诉 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 在那之后的内容是一个位置参数::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1473 +msgid "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--', '-f'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='-f', one=None)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--', '-f'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='-f', one=None)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1476 +msgid "" +"See also :ref:`the argparse howto on ambiguous arguments ` for more details." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :ref:`针对有歧义参数的 argparse 指引 ` 来了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1482 +msgid "Argument abbreviations (prefix matching)" +msgstr "参数缩写（前缀匹配）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1484 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` method :ref:`by default " +"` allows long options to be abbreviated to a prefix, if the " +"abbreviation is unambiguous (the prefix matches a unique option)::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 方法 :ref:`在默认情况下 ` " +"允许将长选项缩写为前缀，如果缩写无歧义（即前缀与一个特定选项相匹配）的话::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1488 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-bacon')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-badger')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-bac MMM'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bacon='MMM', badger=None)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-bad WOOD'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bacon=None, badger='WOOD')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-ba BA'.split())\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-bacon BACON] [-badger BADGER]\n" +"PROG: error: ambiguous option: -ba could match -badger, -bacon" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-bacon')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('-badger')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-bac MMM'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bacon='MMM', badger=None)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-bad WOOD'.split())\n" +"Namespace(bacon=None, badger='WOOD')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args('-ba BA'.split())\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [-bacon BACON] [-badger BADGER]\n" +"PROG: error: ambiguous option: -ba could match -badger, -bacon" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1499 +msgid "" +"An error is produced for arguments that could produce more than one options." +" This feature can be disabled by setting :ref:`allow_abbrev` to ``False``." +msgstr "可产生一个以上选项的参数会引发错误。 此特定可通过将 :ref:`allow_abbrev` 设为 ``False`` 来禁用。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1505 +msgid "Beyond ``sys.argv``" +msgstr "在 ``sys.argv`` 以外" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1507 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it may be useful to have an :class:`ArgumentParser` parse " +"arguments other than those of :data:`sys.argv`. This can be accomplished by" +" passing a list of strings to :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args`. This is " +"useful for testing at the interactive prompt::" +msgstr "" +"有时在 :data:`sys.argv` 以外增加 :class:`ArgumentParser` 解析参数也很有用处。 这可以通过将一个字符串列表传给" +" :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 来实现。 它适用于在交互提示符下进行测试::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1512 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument(\n" +"... 'integers', metavar='int', type=int, choices=range(10),\n" +"... nargs='+', help='an integer in the range 0..9')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument(\n" +"... '--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const', const=sum,\n" +"... default=max, help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['1', '2', '3', '4'])\n" +"Namespace(accumulate=, integers=[1, 2, 3, 4])\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['1', '2', '3', '4', '--sum'])\n" +"Namespace(accumulate=, integers=[1, 2, 3, 4])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument(\n" +"... 'integers', metavar='int', type=int, choices=range(10),\n" +"... nargs='+', help='an integer in the range 0..9')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument(\n" +"... '--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const', const=sum,\n" +"... default=max, help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['1', '2', '3', '4'])\n" +"Namespace(accumulate=, integers=[1, 2, 3, 4])\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['1', '2', '3', '4', '--sum'])\n" +"Namespace(accumulate=, integers=[1, 2, 3, 4])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1527 +msgid "The Namespace object" +msgstr "命名空间对象" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1531 +msgid "" +"Simple class used by default by :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` to create" +" an object holding attributes and return it." +msgstr "由 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 默认使用的简单类，可创建一个存放属性的对象并将其返回。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"This class is deliberately simple, just an :class:`object` subclass with a " +"readable string representation. If you prefer to have dict-like view of the " +"attributes, you can use the standard Python idiom, :func:`vars`::" +msgstr "" +"这个类被有意做得很简单，只是一个具有可读字符串表示形式的 :class:`object`。 如果你更喜欢类似字典的属性视图，你可以使用标准 Python" +" 中惯常的 :func:`vars`::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1538 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'BAR'])\n" +">>> vars(args)\n" +"{'foo': 'BAR'}" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'BAR'])\n" +">>> vars(args)\n" +"{'foo': 'BAR'}" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"It may also be useful to have an :class:`ArgumentParser` assign attributes " +"to an already existing object, rather than a new :class:`Namespace` object." +" This can be achieved by specifying the ``namespace=`` keyword argument::" +msgstr "" +"另一个用处是让 :class:`ArgumentParser` 为一个已存在对象而不是为一个新的 :class:`Namespace` 对象的属性赋值。" +" 这可以通过指定 ``namespace=`` 关键字参数来实现::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1548 +msgid "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(args=['--foo', 'BAR'], namespace=c)\n" +">>> c.foo\n" +"'BAR'" +msgstr "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(args=['--foo', 'BAR'], namespace=c)\n" +">>> c.foo\n" +"'BAR'" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1560 +msgid "Other utilities" +msgstr "其它实用工具" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1563 +msgid "Sub-commands" +msgstr "子命令" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1570 +msgid "" +"Many programs split up their functionality into a number of subcommands, for" +" example, the ``svn`` program can invoke subcommands like ``svn checkout``, " +"``svn update``, and ``svn commit``. Splitting up functionality this way can" +" be a particularly good idea when a program performs several different " +"functions which require different kinds of command-line arguments. " +":class:`ArgumentParser` supports the creation of such subcommands with the " +":meth:`!add_subparsers` method. The :meth:`!add_subparsers` method is " +"normally called with no arguments and returns a special action object. This" +" object has a single method, :meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser`, which " +"takes a command name and any :class:`!ArgumentParser` constructor arguments," +" and returns an :class:`!ArgumentParser` object that can be modified as " +"usual." +msgstr "" +"许多程序都将其功能拆分为一系列子命令，例如，``svn`` 程序可唤起像 ``svn checkout``, ``svn update`` 和 " +"``svn commit`` 等子命令。 当一个程序执行需要多组不同各类命令行参数时这种拆分功能的方式是一个非常好的主意。 " +":class:`ArgumentParser` 通过 :meth:`!add_subparsers` 方法支持创建这样的子命令。 " +":meth:`!add_subparsers` 方法通常不带参数地调用并返回一个特殊的动作对象。 该对象只有一个方法 " +":meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser`，它接受一个命令名称和任意多个 " +":class:`!ArgumentParser` 构造器参数，并返回一个可以通常方式进行修改的 :class:`!ArgumentParser` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1582 +msgid "Description of parameters:" +msgstr "形参的描述" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1584 +msgid "" +"*title* - title for the sub-parser group in help output; by default " +"\"subcommands\" if description is provided, otherwise uses title for " +"positional arguments" +msgstr "*title* - 帮助输出中子解析器分组的标题；如果提供了描述则默认为 \"subcommands\"，否则使用位置参数的标题" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1588 +msgid "" +"*description* - description for the sub-parser group in help output, by " +"default ``None``" +msgstr "*description* - 帮助输出中对子解析器组的描述，默认为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1591 +msgid "" +"*prog* - usage information that will be displayed with sub-command help, by " +"default the name of the program and any positional arguments before the " +"subparser argument" +msgstr "*prog* - 将与子命令帮助一同显示的用法信息，默认为程序名称和子解析器参数之前的任何位置参数" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"*parser_class* - class which will be used to create sub-parser instances, by" +" default the class of the current parser (e.g. :class:`ArgumentParser`)" +msgstr "" +"*parser_class* - 将被用于创建子解析器实例的类，默认为当前解析器类 (例如 :class:`ArgumentParser`)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"action_ - the basic type of action to be taken when this argument is " +"encountered at the command line" +msgstr "action_ - 当此参数在命令行中出现时要执行动作的基本类型" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1601 +msgid "" +"dest_ - name of the attribute under which sub-command name will be stored; " +"by default ``None`` and no value is stored" +msgstr "dest_ - 将被用于保存子命令名称的属性名；默认为 ``None`` 即不保存任何值" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1604 +msgid "" +"required_ - Whether or not a subcommand must be provided, by default " +"``False`` (added in 3.7)" +msgstr "required_ - 是否必须要提供子命令，默认为 ``False`` (在 3.7 中新增)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1607 +msgid "help_ - help for sub-parser group in help output, by default ``None``" +msgstr "help_ - 在输出帮助中的子解析器分组帮助信息，默认为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1609 +msgid "" +"metavar_ - string presenting available subcommands in help; by default it is" +" ``None`` and presents subcommands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..}" +msgstr "metavar_ - 帮助信息中表示可用子命令的字符串；默认为 ``None`` 并以 {cmd1, cmd2, ..} 的形式表示子命令" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1612 +msgid "Some example usage::" +msgstr "一些使用示例::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1614 +msgid "" +">>> # create the top-level parser\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true', help='foo help')\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='subcommand help')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # create the parser for the \"a\" command\n" +">>> parser_a = subparsers.add_parser('a', help='a help')\n" +">>> parser_a.add_argument('bar', type=int, help='bar help')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # create the parser for the \"b\" command\n" +">>> parser_b = subparsers.add_parser('b', help='b help')\n" +">>> parser_b.add_argument('--baz', choices=('X', 'Y', 'Z'), help='baz help')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # parse some argument lists\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a', '12'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=12, foo=False)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'b', '--baz', 'Z'])\n" +"Namespace(baz='Z', foo=True)" +msgstr "" +">>> # 创建一个最高层级解析器\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true', help='foo help')\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='subcommand help')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 创建一个针对 \"a\" 命令的解析器\n" +">>> parser_a = subparsers.add_parser('a', help='a help')\n" +">>> parser_a.add_argument('bar', type=int, help='bar help')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 创建一个针对 \"b\" 命令的解析器\n" +">>> parser_b = subparsers.add_parser('b', help='b help')\n" +">>> parser_b.add_argument('--baz', choices=('X', 'Y', 'Z'), help='baz help')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 解析一些参数列表\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a', '12'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=12, foo=False)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', 'b', '--baz', 'Z'])\n" +"Namespace(baz='Z', foo=True)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1633 +msgid "" +"Note that the object returned by :meth:`parse_args` will only contain " +"attributes for the main parser and the subparser that was selected by the " +"command line (and not any other subparsers). So in the example above, when " +"the ``a`` command is specified, only the ``foo`` and ``bar`` attributes are " +"present, and when the ``b`` command is specified, only the ``foo`` and " +"``baz`` attributes are present." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :meth:`parse_args` 返回的对象将只包含主解析器和由命令行所选择的子解析器的属性（而没有任何其他子解析器）。 " +"因此在上面的例子中，当指定了 ``a`` 命令时，将只存在 ``foo`` 和 ``bar`` 属性，而当指定了 ``b`` 命令时，则只存在 " +"``foo`` 和 ``baz`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1640 +msgid "" +"Similarly, when a help message is requested from a subparser, only the help " +"for that particular parser will be printed. The help message will not " +"include parent parser or sibling parser messages. (A help message for each " +"subparser command, however, can be given by supplying the ``help=`` argument" +" to :meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser` as above.)" +msgstr "" +"类似地，当一个子解析器请求帮助消息时，只有该特定解析器的帮助消息会被打印出来。 帮助消息将不包括父解析器或同级解析器的消息。 " +"（每个子解析器命令一条帮助消息，但是，也可以像上面那样通过将 ``help=`` 参数传入 " +":meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser` 来给出。）" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1648 +msgid "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--help'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo] {a,b} ...\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" {a,b} subcommand help\n" +" a a help\n" +" b b help\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo foo help\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a', '--help'])\n" +"usage: PROG a [-h] bar\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar bar help\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['b', '--help'])\n" +"usage: PROG b [-h] [--baz {X,Y,Z}]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --baz {X,Y,Z} baz help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--help'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo] {a,b} ...\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" {a,b} subcommand help\n" +" a a help\n" +" b b help\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --foo foo help\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['a', '--help'])\n" +"usage: PROG a [-h] bar\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" bar bar help\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['b', '--help'])\n" +"usage: PROG b [-h] [--baz {X,Y,Z}]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" --baz {X,Y,Z} baz help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1676 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`add_subparsers` method also supports ``title`` and " +"``description`` keyword arguments. When either is present, the subparser's " +"commands will appear in their own group in the help output. For example::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`add_subparsers` 方法也支持 ``title`` 和 ``description`` 关键字参数。 " +"当两者都存在时，子解析器的命令将出现在输出帮助消息中它们自己的分组内。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1680 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title='subcommands',\n" +"... description='valid subcommands',\n" +"... help='additional help')\n" +">>> subparsers.add_parser('foo')\n" +">>> subparsers.add_parser('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-h'])\n" +"usage: [-h] {foo,bar} ...\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"subcommands:\n" +" valid subcommands\n" +"\n" +" {foo,bar} additional help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title='subcommands',\n" +"... description='valid subcommands',\n" +"... help='additional help')\n" +">>> subparsers.add_parser('foo')\n" +">>> subparsers.add_parser('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-h'])\n" +"usage: [-h] {foo,bar} ...\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"subcommands:\n" +" valid subcommands\n" +"\n" +" {foo,bar} additional help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1697 +msgid "" +"Furthermore, :meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser` supports an additional " +"*aliases* argument, which allows multiple strings to refer to the same " +"subparser. This example, like ``svn``, aliases ``co`` as a shorthand for " +"``checkout``::" +msgstr "" +"此外，:meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser` 还支持附加的 *aliases* " +"参数，它允许多个字符串指向同一个子解析器。 下面的例子，类似于 ``svn``，将别名 ``co`` 设为 ``checkout`` 的缩写形式::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1702 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()\n" +">>> checkout = subparsers.add_parser('checkout', aliases=['co'])\n" +">>> checkout.add_argument('foo')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['co', 'bar'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='bar')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()\n" +">>> checkout = subparsers.add_parser('checkout', aliases=['co'])\n" +">>> checkout.add_argument('foo')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['co', 'bar'])\n" +"Namespace(foo='bar')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1709 +msgid "" +":meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser` supports also an additional " +"*deprecated* argument, which allows to deprecate the subparser." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~_SubParsersAction.add_parser` 也支持附加的 *deprecated* 参数，它允许弃用子解析器。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1723 +msgid "" +"One particularly effective way of handling subcommands is to combine the use" +" of the :meth:`add_subparsers` method with calls to :meth:`set_defaults` so " +"that each subparser knows which Python function it should execute. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"一个特别有效的处理子命令的方式是将 :meth:`add_subparsers` 方法与对 :meth:`set_defaults` " +"的调用结合起来使用以便每个子解析器能知道应当执行哪个 Python 函数。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1728 +msgid "" +">>> # subcommand functions\n" +">>> def foo(args):\n" +"... print(args.x * args.y)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def bar(args):\n" +"... print('((%s))' % args.z)\n" +"...\n" +">>> # create the top-level parser\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(required=True)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # create the parser for the \"foo\" command\n" +">>> parser_foo = subparsers.add_parser('foo')\n" +">>> parser_foo.add_argument('-x', type=int, default=1)\n" +">>> parser_foo.add_argument('y', type=float)\n" +">>> parser_foo.set_defaults(func=foo)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # create the parser for the \"bar\" command\n" +">>> parser_bar = subparsers.add_parser('bar')\n" +">>> parser_bar.add_argument('z')\n" +">>> parser_bar.set_defaults(func=bar)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # parse the args and call whatever function was selected\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args('foo 1 -x 2'.split())\n" +">>> args.func(args)\n" +"2.0\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # parse the args and call whatever function was selected\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args('bar XYZYX'.split())\n" +">>> args.func(args)\n" +"((XYZYX))" +msgstr "" +">>> # 子命令函数\n" +">>> def foo(args):\n" +"... print(args.x * args.y)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def bar(args):\n" +"... print('((%s))' % args.z)\n" +"...\n" +">>> # 创建最高层级解析器\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(required=True)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 创建针对 \"foo\" 命令的解析器\n" +">>> parser_foo = subparsers.add_parser('foo')\n" +">>> parser_foo.add_argument('-x', type=int, default=1)\n" +">>> parser_foo.add_argument('y', type=float)\n" +">>> parser_foo.set_defaults(func=foo)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 创建针对 \"bar\" 命令的解析器\n" +">>> parser_bar = subparsers.add_parser('bar')\n" +">>> parser_bar.add_argument('z')\n" +">>> parser_bar.set_defaults(func=bar)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 解析参数并调用被选定的任何函数\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args('foo 1 -x 2'.split())\n" +">>> args.func(args)\n" +"2.0\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 解析参数并调用被选定的任何函数\n" +">>> args = parser.parse_args('bar XYZYX'.split())\n" +">>> args.func(args)\n" +"((XYZYX))" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1760 +msgid "" +"This way, you can let :meth:`parse_args` do the job of calling the " +"appropriate function after argument parsing is complete. Associating " +"functions with actions like this is typically the easiest way to handle the " +"different actions for each of your subparsers. However, if it is necessary " +"to check the name of the subparser that was invoked, the ``dest`` keyword " +"argument to the :meth:`add_subparsers` call will work::" +msgstr "" +"通过这种方式，你可以在参数解析结束后让 :meth:`parse_args` 执行调用适当函数的任务。 " +"像这样将函数关联到动作通常是你处理每个子解析器的不同动作的最简便方式。 但是，如果有必要检查被唤起的子解析器的名称，则 " +":meth:`add_subparsers` 调用的 ``dest`` 关键字参数将可实现::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1767 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='subparser_name')\n" +">>> subparser1 = subparsers.add_parser('1')\n" +">>> subparser1.add_argument('-x')\n" +">>> subparser2 = subparsers.add_parser('2')\n" +">>> subparser2.add_argument('y')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['2', 'frobble'])\n" +"Namespace(subparser_name='2', y='frobble')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='subparser_name')\n" +">>> subparser1 = subparsers.add_parser('1')\n" +">>> subparser1.add_argument('-x')\n" +">>> subparser2 = subparsers.add_parser('2')\n" +">>> subparser2.add_argument('y')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['2', 'frobble'])\n" +"Namespace(subparser_name='2', y='frobble')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1776 +msgid "New *required* keyword-only parameter." +msgstr "新增 *required* 仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1781 +msgid "FileType objects" +msgstr "FileType 对象" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1785 +msgid "" +"The :class:`FileType` factory creates objects that can be passed to the type" +" argument of :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument`. Arguments that have " +":class:`FileType` objects as their type will open command-line arguments as " +"files with the requested modes, buffer sizes, encodings and error handling " +"(see the :func:`open` function for more details)::" +msgstr "" +":class:`FileType` 工厂类用于创建可作为 :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_argument` 的 type " +"参数传入的对象。 以 :class:`FileType` " +"对象作为其类型的参数将使用命令行参数以所请求模式、缓冲区大小、编码格式和错误处理方式打开文件（请参阅 :func:`open` 函数了解详情）::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1791 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--raw', type=argparse.FileType('wb', 0))\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('out', type=argparse.FileType('w', encoding='UTF-8'))\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--raw', 'raw.dat', 'file.txt'])\n" +"Namespace(out=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='file.txt' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, raw=<_io.FileIO name='raw.dat' mode='wb'>)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--raw', type=argparse.FileType('wb', 0))\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('out', type=argparse.FileType('w', encoding='UTF-8'))\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--raw', 'raw.dat', 'file.txt'])\n" +"Namespace(out=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='file.txt' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, raw=<_io.FileIO name='raw.dat' mode='wb'>)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1797 +msgid "" +"FileType objects understand the pseudo-argument ``'-'`` and automatically " +"convert this into :data:`sys.stdin` for readable :class:`FileType` objects " +"and :data:`sys.stdout` for writable :class:`FileType` objects::" +msgstr "" +"FileType 对象能理解伪参数 ``'-'`` 并会自动将其转换为 :data:`sys.stdin` 用于可读的 " +":class:`FileType` 对象以及 :data:`sys.stdout` 用于可写的 :class:`FileType` 对象::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1801 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('infile', type=argparse.FileType('r'))\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-'])\n" +"Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='' encoding='UTF-8'>)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('infile', type=argparse.FileType('r'))\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['-'])\n" +"Namespace(infile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='' encoding='UTF-8'>)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1806 +msgid "Added the *encodings* and *errors* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *encodings* 和 *errors* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1811 +msgid "Argument groups" +msgstr "参数组" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1816 +msgid "" +"By default, :class:`ArgumentParser` groups command-line arguments into " +"\"positional arguments\" and \"options\" when displaying help messages. When" +" there is a better conceptual grouping of arguments than this default one, " +"appropriate groups can be created using the :meth:`!add_argument_group` " +"method::" +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，:class:`ArgumentParser` 会在显示帮助消息时将命令行参数分为“位置参数”和“选项”两组。 " +"当存在比默认更好的分组概念时，可以使用 :meth:`!add_argument_group` 方法来创建适当的分组::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1822 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', add_help=False)\n" +">>> group = parser.add_argument_group('group')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('bar', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [--foo FOO] bar\n" +"\n" +"group:\n" +" bar bar help\n" +" --foo FOO foo help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', add_help=False)\n" +">>> group = parser.add_argument_group('group')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('bar', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [--foo FOO] bar\n" +"\n" +"group:\n" +" bar bar help\n" +" --foo FOO foo help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1833 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`add_argument_group` method returns an argument group object which" +" has an :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` method just like a regular " +":class:`ArgumentParser`. When an argument is added to the group, the parser" +" treats it just like a normal argument, but displays the argument in a " +"separate group for help messages. The :meth:`!add_argument_group` method " +"accepts *title* and *description* arguments which can be used to customize " +"this display::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`add_argument_group` 方法返回一个具有 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` " +"方法的参数分组对象，这与常规的 :class:`ArgumentParser` 一样。 " +"当一个参数被加入分组时，解析器儒将地它视为一个正常的参数，但是会在单独的帮助消息分组中显示该参数。 " +":meth:`!add_argument_group` 方法接受 *title* 和 *description* 参数以使用它们来定制显示内容::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1841 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', add_help=False)\n" +">>> group1 = parser.add_argument_group('group1', 'group1 description')\n" +">>> group1.add_argument('foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> group2 = parser.add_argument_group('group2', 'group2 description')\n" +">>> group2.add_argument('--bar', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [--bar BAR] foo\n" +"\n" +"group1:\n" +" group1 description\n" +"\n" +" foo foo help\n" +"\n" +"group2:\n" +" group2 description\n" +"\n" +" --bar BAR bar help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG', add_help=False)\n" +">>> group1 = parser.add_argument_group('group1', 'group1 description')\n" +">>> group1.add_argument('foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> group2 = parser.add_argument_group('group2', 'group2 description')\n" +">>> group2.add_argument('--bar', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [--bar BAR] foo\n" +"\n" +"group1:\n" +" group1 description\n" +"\n" +" foo foo help\n" +"\n" +"group2:\n" +" group2 description\n" +"\n" +" --bar BAR bar help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1859 +msgid "" +"The optional, keyword-only parameters argument_default_ and " +"conflict_handler_ allow for finer-grained control of the behavior of the " +"argument group. These parameters have the same meaning as in the " +":class:`ArgumentParser` constructor, but apply specifically to the argument " +"group rather than the entire parser." +msgstr "" +"可选的仅限关键字形参 argument_default_ 和 conflict_handler_ 允许对参数分组行为进行更细粒度的控制。 这些形参具有与" +" :class:`ArgumentParser` 构造器中相同的含义，但是专门应用于参数分组而不是整个解析器。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1864 +msgid "" +"Note that any arguments not in your user-defined groups will end up back in " +"the usual \"positional arguments\" and \"optional arguments\" sections." +msgstr "请注意任意不在你的自定义分组中的参数最终都将回到通常的“位置参数”和“可选参数”分组中。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1867 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`add_argument_group` on an argument group is deprecated. This " +"feature was never supported and does not always work correctly. The function" +" exists on the API by accident through inheritance and will be removed in " +"the future." +msgstr "" +"在参数分组上调用 :meth:`add_argument_group` 已被弃用。 此特性从未受到支持并且不保证总能正确工作。此函数出现在 API " +"中是继承导致的意外并将在未来被移除。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1875 +msgid "Mutual exclusion" +msgstr "互斥" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1879 +msgid "" +"Create a mutually exclusive group. :mod:`!argparse` will make sure that only" +" one of the arguments in the mutually exclusive group was present on the " +"command line::" +msgstr "创建一个互斥分组。 :mod:`!argparse` 将会确保互斥分组中只有一个参数在命令行中可用::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1883 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=True, foo=True)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--bar'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=False, foo=False)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '--bar'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo | --bar]\n" +"PROG: error: argument --bar: not allowed with argument --foo" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=True, foo=True)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--bar'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=False, foo=False)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '--bar'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo | --bar]\n" +"PROG: error: argument --bar: not allowed with argument --foo" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1895 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`add_mutually_exclusive_group` method also accepts a *required* " +"argument, to indicate that at least one of the mutually exclusive arguments " +"is required::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`add_mutually_exclusive_group` 方法也接受一个 *required* " +"参数，表示在互斥组中至少有一个参数是需要的::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1899 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] (--foo | --bar)\n" +"PROG: error: one of the arguments --foo --bar is required" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> group.add_argument('--bar', action='store_false')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] (--foo | --bar)\n" +"PROG: error: one of the arguments --foo --bar is required" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1907 +msgid "" +"Note that currently mutually exclusive argument groups do not support the " +"*title* and *description* arguments of " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument_group`. However, a mutually exclusive " +"group can be added to an argument group that has a title and description. " +"For example::" +msgstr "" +"请注意当前互斥的参数组不支持 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument_group` 的 *title* 和 " +"*description* 参数。 但是，互斥的参数数可以被添加到具有 title 和 description 的参数组中。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1913 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> group = parser.add_argument_group('Group title', 'Group description')\n" +">>> exclusive_group = group.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)\n" +">>> exclusive_group.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> exclusive_group.add_argument('--bar', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] (--foo FOO | --bar BAR)\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"Group title:\n" +" Group description\n" +"\n" +" --foo FOO foo help\n" +" --bar BAR bar help" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')\n" +">>> group = parser.add_argument_group('Group title', 'Group description')\n" +">>> exclusive_group = group.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)\n" +">>> exclusive_group.add_argument('--foo', help='foo help')\n" +">>> exclusive_group.add_argument('--bar', help='bar help')\n" +">>> parser.print_help()\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] (--foo FOO | --bar BAR)\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +"\n" +"Group title:\n" +" Group description\n" +"\n" +" --foo FOO foo help\n" +" --bar BAR bar help" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`add_argument_group` or :meth:`add_mutually_exclusive_group` " +"on a mutually exclusive group is deprecated. These features were never " +"supported and do not always work correctly. The functions exist on the API " +"by accident through inheritance and will be removed in the future." +msgstr "" +"在互斥的分组上调用 :meth:`add_argument_group` 或 :meth:`add_mutually_exclusive_group` " +"已被弃用。 这些特性从未受到支持并且不保证总能正确工作。 这些函数出现在 API 中是继承导致的意外并将在未来被移除。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1938 +msgid "Parser defaults" +msgstr "解析器默认值" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1942 +msgid "" +"Most of the time, the attributes of the object returned by " +":meth:`parse_args` will be fully determined by inspecting the command-line " +"arguments and the argument actions. :meth:`set_defaults` allows some " +"additional attributes that are determined without any inspection of the " +"command line to be added::" +msgstr "" +"在大多数时候，:meth:`parse_args` 所返回对象的属性将完全通过检查命令行参数和参数动作来确定。 :meth:`set_defaults`" +" 则允许加入一些无须任何命令行检查的额外属性::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1948 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.set_defaults(bar=42, baz='badger')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['736'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=42, baz='badger', foo=736)" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('foo', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.set_defaults(bar=42, baz='badger')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['736'])\n" +"Namespace(bar=42, baz='badger', foo=736)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"Note that parser-level defaults always override argument-level defaults::" +msgstr "请注意解析器层级的默认值总是会覆盖参数层级的默认值::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1956 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default='bar')\n" +">>> parser.set_defaults(foo='spam')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(foo='spam')" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default='bar')\n" +">>> parser.set_defaults(foo='spam')\n" +">>> parser.parse_args([])\n" +"Namespace(foo='spam')" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1962 +msgid "" +"Parser-level defaults can be particularly useful when working with multiple " +"parsers. See the :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_subparsers` method for an " +"example of this type." +msgstr "" +"解析器层级默认值在需要多解析器时会特别有用。 请参阅 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_subparsers` " +"方法了解此类型的一个示例。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"Get the default value for a namespace attribute, as set by either " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` or by " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.set_defaults`::" +msgstr "" +"获取一个命名空间属性的默认值，该值是由 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.add_argument` 或 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.set_defaults` 设置的::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1972 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default='badger')\n" +">>> parser.get_default('foo')\n" +"'badger'" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', default='badger')\n" +">>> parser.get_default('foo')\n" +"'badger'" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1979 +msgid "Printing help" +msgstr "打印帮助" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1981 +msgid "" +"In most typical applications, :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` will take " +"care of formatting and printing any usage or error messages. However, " +"several formatting methods are available:" +msgstr "" +"在大多数典型应用中，:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 将负责任何用法和错误消息的格式化和打印。 " +"但是，也可使用某些其他格式化方法:" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"Print a brief description of how the :class:`ArgumentParser` should be " +"invoked on the command line. If *file* is ``None``, :data:`sys.stdout` is " +"assumed." +msgstr "" +"打印一段简短描述，说明应当如何在命令行中唤起 :class:`ArgumentParser`。 如果 *file* 为 ``None``，则默认使用 " +":data:`sys.stdout`。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1993 +msgid "" +"Print a help message, including the program usage and information about the " +"arguments registered with the :class:`ArgumentParser`. If *file* is " +"``None``, :data:`sys.stdout` is assumed." +msgstr "" +"打印一条帮助消息，包括程序用法和通过 :class:`ArgumentParser` 注册的相关参数信息。 如果 *file* 为 " +"``None``，则默认使用 :data:`sys.stdout`。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:1997 +msgid "" +"There are also variants of these methods that simply return a string instead" +" of printing it:" +msgstr "还存在这些方法的几个变化形式，它们只返回字符串而不打印消息:" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2002 +msgid "" +"Return a string containing a brief description of how the " +":class:`ArgumentParser` should be invoked on the command line." +msgstr "返回一个包含简短描述的字符串，说明应当如何在命令行中唤起 :class:`ArgumentParser`。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2007 +msgid "" +"Return a string containing a help message, including the program usage and " +"information about the arguments registered with the :class:`ArgumentParser`." +msgstr "反回一个包含帮助消息的字符串，包括程序用法和通过 :class:`ArgumentParser` 注册的相关参数信息。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2012 +msgid "Partial parsing" +msgstr "部分解析" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2016 +msgid "" +"Sometimes a script may only parse a few of the command-line arguments, " +"passing the remaining arguments on to another script or program. In these " +"cases, the :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` method can be useful. " +"It works much like :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` except that it does " +"not produce an error when extra arguments are present. Instead, it returns " +"a two item tuple containing the populated namespace and the list of " +"remaining argument strings." +msgstr "" +"有时一个脚本可能只解析部分命令行参数，而将其余的参数继续传递给另一个脚本或程序。 " +"在这种情况下，:meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` 方法会很有用处。 它的作用方式很类似 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_args` 但区别在于当存在额外参数时它不会产生错误。 " +"而是会返回一个由两个条目构成的元组，其中包含带成员的命名空间和剩余参数字符串的列表。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2025 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_known_args(['--foo', '--badger', 'BAR', 'spam'])\n" +"(Namespace(bar='BAR', foo=True), ['--badger', 'spam'])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', action='store_true')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('bar')\n" +">>> parser.parse_known_args(['--foo', '--badger', 'BAR', 'spam'])\n" +"(Namespace(bar='BAR', foo=True), ['--badger', 'spam'])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2032 +msgid "" +":ref:`Prefix matching ` rules apply to " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args`. The parser may consume an option " +"even if it's just a prefix of one of its known options, instead of leaving " +"it in the remaining arguments list." +msgstr "" +":ref:`前缀匹配 ` 规则应用于 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args`。 " +"一个解析器即使在某个选项只是已知选项的前缀时也能读取该选项，而不是将其放入剩余参数列表。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2039 +msgid "Customizing file parsing" +msgstr "自定义文件解析" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2043 +msgid "" +"Arguments that are read from a file (see the *fromfile_prefix_chars* keyword" +" argument to the :class:`ArgumentParser` constructor) are read one argument " +"per line. :meth:`convert_arg_line_to_args` can be overridden for fancier " +"reading." +msgstr "" +"从文件读取的参数（见 :class:`ArgumentParser` 的 *fromfile_prefix_chars* " +"关键字参数）将是一行读取一个参数。 :meth:`convert_arg_line_to_args` 可被重写以使用更复杂的读取方式。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2048 +msgid "" +"This method takes a single argument *arg_line* which is a string read from " +"the argument file. It returns a list of arguments parsed from this string. " +"The method is called once per line read from the argument file, in order." +msgstr "" +"此方法接受从参数文件读取的字符串形式的单个参数 *arg_line*。 它返回从该字符串解析出的参数列表。 " +"此方法将在每次按顺序从参数文件读取一行时被调用一次。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2052 +msgid "" +"A useful override of this method is one that treats each space-separated " +"word as an argument. The following example demonstrates how to do this::" +msgstr "此方法的一个有用的重写是将每个以空格分隔的单词视为一个参数。 下面的例子演示了如何实现这一点::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2055 +msgid "" +"class MyArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):\n" +" def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line):\n" +" return arg_line.split()" +msgstr "" +"class MyArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):\n" +" def convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line):\n" +" return arg_line.split()" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2061 +msgid "Exiting methods" +msgstr "退出方法" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2065 +msgid "" +"This method terminates the program, exiting with the specified *status* and," +" if given, it prints a *message* to :data:`sys.stderr` before that. The user" +" can override this method to handle these steps differently::" +msgstr "" +"此方法将终结程序，退出时附带指定的 *status*，并且如果给出了 *message* 则会在退出前将其打印到 :data:`sys.stderr`。" +" 用户可重写此方法以不同方式来处理这些步骤::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2069 +msgid "" +"class ErrorCatchingArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):\n" +" def exit(self, status=0, message=None):\n" +" if status:\n" +" raise Exception(f'Exiting because of an error: {message}')\n" +" exit(status)" +msgstr "" +"class ErrorCatchingArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):\n" +" def exit(self, status=0, message=None):\n" +" if status:\n" +" raise Exception(f'Exiting because of an error: {message}')\n" +" exit(status)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2077 +msgid "" +"This method prints a usage message, including the *message*, to " +":data:`sys.stderr` and terminates the program with a status code of 2." +msgstr "此方法将把用法消息包括 *message* 打印到 :data:`sys.stderr` 并附带状态码 2 终结程序。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2082 +msgid "Intermixed parsing" +msgstr "混合解析" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2087 +msgid "" +"A number of Unix commands allow the user to intermix optional arguments with" +" positional arguments. The :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` " +"and :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` methods support this" +" parsing style." +msgstr "" +"许多 Unix 命令允许用户混用可选参数与位置参数。 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` 和 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` 方法均支持这种解析风格。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2092 +msgid "" +"These parsers do not support all the :mod:`!argparse` features, and will " +"raise exceptions if unsupported features are used. In particular, " +"subparsers, and mutually exclusive groups that include both optionals and " +"positionals are not supported." +msgstr "" +"这些解析器并不支持所有的 :mod:`!argparse` 特性，并且当不受支持的特性被使用时将会引发异常。 " +"具体来说，子解析器以及同时包括可选参数和位置参数的互斥分组是不受支持的。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2097 +msgid "" +"The following example shows the difference between " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` and " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`: the former returns ``['2', " +"'3']`` as unparsed arguments, while the latter collects all the positionals " +"into ``rest``. ::" +msgstr "" +"下面的例子显示了 :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_args` 与 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` 之间的差异：前者会将 ``['2', '3']`` " +"返回为未解析的参数，而后者会将所有位置参数收集至 ``rest`` 中。 ::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2103 +msgid "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('cmd')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('rest', nargs='*', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.parse_known_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())\n" +"(Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1]), ['2', '3'])\n" +">>> parser.parse_intermixed_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())\n" +"Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1, 2, 3])" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('cmd')\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('rest', nargs='*', type=int)\n" +">>> parser.parse_known_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())\n" +"(Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1]), ['2', '3'])\n" +">>> parser.parse_intermixed_args('doit 1 --foo bar 2 3'.split())\n" +"Namespace(cmd='doit', foo='bar', rest=[1, 2, 3])" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2112 +msgid "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` returns a two item tuple" +" containing the populated namespace and the list of remaining argument " +"strings. :meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` raises an error if " +"there are any remaining unparsed argument strings." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_known_intermixed_args` " +"返回由两个条目组成的元组，其中包含带成员的命名空间以及剩余参数字符串列表。 当存在任何剩余的未解析参数字符串时 " +":meth:`~ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args` 将引发一个错误。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2121 +msgid "Registering custom types or actions" +msgstr "注册自定义的类型或动作" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2125 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it's desirable to use a custom string in error messages to provide" +" more user-friendly output. In these cases, :meth:`!register` can be used to" +" register custom actions or types with a parser and allow you to reference " +"the type by their registered name instead of their callable name." +msgstr "" +"在某些时候有必要在错误消息中使用自定义的字符串以提供对用户更友好的输出。 在这种情况下，可以使用 :meth:`!register` " +"来注册带有解析器的自定义动作或类型并允许你按其注册名称而非其可调用对象名称来引用该类型。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2130 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!register` method accepts three arguments - a *registry_name*, " +"specifying the internal registry where the object will be stored (e.g., " +"``action``, ``type``), *value*, which is the key under which the object will" +" be registered, and object, the callable to be registered." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!register` 方法接受三个参数 —— *registry_name*，指定将要存储对象的内部注册表 (例如 ``action``," +" ``type``)，*value*，将要注册对象对应的键，以及 object，将要注册的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2135 +msgid "" +"The following example shows how to register a custom type with a parser::" +msgstr "下面的例子演示了如何注册一个带解析器的自定义类型::" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2137 +msgid "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.register('type', 'hexadecimal integer', lambda s: int(s, 16))\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type='hexadecimal integer')\n" +"_StoreAction(option_strings=['--foo'], dest='foo', nargs=None, const=None, default=None, type='hexadecimal integer', choices=None, required=False, help=None, metavar=None, deprecated=False)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '0xFA'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=250)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '1.2'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO]\n" +"PROG: error: argument --foo: invalid 'hexadecimal integer' value: '1.2'" +msgstr "" +">>> import argparse\n" +">>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +">>> parser.register('type', 'hexadecimal integer', lambda s: int(s, 16))\n" +">>> parser.add_argument('--foo', type='hexadecimal integer')\n" +"_StoreAction(option_strings=['--foo'], dest='foo', nargs=None, const=None, default=None, type='hexadecimal integer', choices=None, required=False, help=None, metavar=None, deprecated=False)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '0xFA'])\n" +"Namespace(foo=250)\n" +">>> parser.parse_args(['--foo', '1.2'])\n" +"usage: PROG [-h] [--foo FOO]\n" +"PROG: error: argument --foo: invalid 'hexadecimal integer' value: '1.2'" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2149 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2153 +msgid "An error from creating or using an argument (optional or positional)." +msgstr "来自创建或使用某个参数的消息（可选或位置参数）。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2155 +msgid "" +"The string value of this exception is the message, augmented with " +"information about the argument that caused it." +msgstr "此异常的字符串值即异常消息，并附带有导致该异常的参数的相关信息。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2160 +msgid "" +"Raised when something goes wrong converting a command line string to a type." +msgstr "当从一个命令行字符串到特定类型的转换出现问题时引发。" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:2164 +msgid "Guides and Tutorials" +msgstr "指南与教程" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:815 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:815 ../../library/argparse.rst:849 +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:863 +msgid "in argparse module" +msgstr "在 argparse 模块中" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:849 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../library/argparse.rst:863 +msgid "+ (plus)" +msgstr "+ (加号)" diff --git a/library/array.po b/library/array.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21be29bd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/array.po @@ -0,0 +1,521 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2024 +# lqks, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!array` --- Efficient arrays of numeric values" +msgstr ":mod:`!array` --- 高效的数字值数组" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module defines an object type which can compactly represent an array of" +" basic values: characters, integers, floating-point numbers. Arrays are " +"sequence types and behave very much like lists, except that the type of " +"objects stored in them is constrained. The type is specified at object " +"creation time by using a :dfn:`type code`, which is a single character. The" +" following type codes are defined:" +msgstr "" +"此模块定义了一种对象类型，可以紧凑地表示由基本值（字符、整数、浮点数）组成的数组。数组是序列类型，其行为与列表非常相似，不同之处在于其中存储的对象类型是受限的，在数组对象创建时用单个字符的" +" :dfn:`类型码` 来指定。已定义的类型码如下：" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:19 +msgid "Type code" +msgstr "类型码" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:19 +msgid "C Type" +msgstr "C 类型" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:19 +msgid "Python Type" +msgstr "Python 类型" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:19 +msgid "Minimum size in bytes" +msgstr "最小字节数" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:19 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:21 +msgid "``'b'``" +msgstr "``'b'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:21 +msgid "signed char" +msgstr "signed char" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:21 ../../library/array.rst:23 +#: ../../library/array.rst:29 ../../library/array.rst:31 +#: ../../library/array.rst:33 ../../library/array.rst:35 +#: ../../library/array.rst:37 ../../library/array.rst:39 +#: ../../library/array.rst:41 ../../library/array.rst:43 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:21 ../../library/array.rst:23 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:23 +msgid "``'B'``" +msgstr "``'B'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:23 +msgid "unsigned char" +msgstr "unsigned char" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:25 +msgid "``'u'``" +msgstr "``'u'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:25 +msgid "wchar_t" +msgstr "wchar_t" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:25 ../../library/array.rst:27 +msgid "Unicode character" +msgstr "Unicode 字符" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:25 ../../library/array.rst:29 +#: ../../library/array.rst:31 ../../library/array.rst:33 +#: ../../library/array.rst:35 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:25 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:27 +msgid "``'w'``" +msgstr "``'w'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:27 +msgid "Py_UCS4" +msgstr "Py_UCS4" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:27 ../../library/array.rst:37 +#: ../../library/array.rst:39 ../../library/array.rst:45 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:29 +msgid "``'h'``" +msgstr "``'h'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:29 +msgid "signed short" +msgstr "signed short" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:31 +msgid "``'H'``" +msgstr "``'H'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:31 +msgid "unsigned short" +msgstr "unsigned short" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:33 +msgid "``'i'``" +msgstr "``'i'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:33 +msgid "signed int" +msgstr "signed int" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:35 +msgid "``'I'``" +msgstr "``'I'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:35 +msgid "unsigned int" +msgstr "unsigned int" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:37 +msgid "``'l'``" +msgstr "``'l'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:37 +msgid "signed long" +msgstr "signed long" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:39 +msgid "``'L'``" +msgstr "``'L'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:39 +msgid "unsigned long" +msgstr "unsigned long" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:41 +msgid "``'q'``" +msgstr "``'q'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:41 +msgid "signed long long" +msgstr "signed long long" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:41 ../../library/array.rst:43 +#: ../../library/array.rst:47 +msgid "8" +msgstr "8" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:43 +msgid "``'Q'``" +msgstr "``'Q'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:43 +msgid "unsigned long long" +msgstr "unsigned long long" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:45 +msgid "``'f'``" +msgstr "``'f'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:45 ../../library/array.rst:47 +msgid "float" +msgstr "float" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:47 +msgid "``'d'``" +msgstr "``'d'``" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:47 +msgid "double" +msgstr "double" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:50 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "备注：" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:53 +msgid "It can be 16 bits or 32 bits depending on the platform." +msgstr "可能为 16 位或 32 位，取决于具体的平台。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:55 +msgid "" +"``array('u')`` now uses :c:type:`wchar_t` as C type instead of deprecated " +"``Py_UNICODE``. This change doesn't affect its behavior because " +"``Py_UNICODE`` is alias of :c:type:`wchar_t` since Python 3.3." +msgstr "" +"``array('u')`` 现在使用 :c:type:`wchar_t` 作为 C 类型而不是已不建议使用的 " +"``Py_UNICODE``。这个改变不会影响其行为，因为 ``Py_UNICODE`` 自 Python 3.3 起就是 " +":c:type:`wchar_t` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:60 +msgid "Please migrate to ``'w'`` typecode." +msgstr "请迁移到 ``'w'`` 类型码。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:64 +msgid "" +"The actual representation of values is determined by the machine " +"architecture (strictly speaking, by the C implementation). The actual size " +"can be accessed through the :attr:`array.itemsize` attribute." +msgstr "值的实际表示是由机器架构（严格说是由 C 实现）决定的。实际大小可以通过 :attr:`array.itemsize` 属性来访问。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:68 +msgid "The module defines the following item:" +msgstr "此模块定义了以下项目：" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:73 +msgid "A string with all available type codes." +msgstr "一个由所有可用的类型码组成的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:76 +msgid "The module defines the following type:" +msgstr "此模块定义了以下类型：" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:81 +msgid "" +"A new array whose items are restricted by *typecode*, and initialized from " +"the optional *initializer* value, which must be a :class:`bytes` or " +":class:`bytearray` object, a Unicode string, or iterable over elements of " +"the appropriate type." +msgstr "" +"一个由 *typecode* 限定其条目的新数组，并能根据可选的 *initializer* 值来初始化。*initializer* 必须是 " +":class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 对象、Unicode 字符串或元素类型合适的可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:86 +msgid "" +"If given a :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray` object, the initializer is " +"passed to the new array's :meth:`frombytes` method; if given a Unicode " +"string, the initializer is passed to the :meth:`fromunicode` method; " +"otherwise, the initializer's iterator is passed to the :meth:`extend` method" +" to add initial items to the array." +msgstr "" +"如果给定了一个 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 对象，则将 *initializer* 传给新数组的 " +":meth:`frombytes` 方法；如果给定了一个 Unicode 字符串，则将 *initializer* 传给 " +":meth:`fromunicode` 方法；在其他情况下，则将 *initializer* 的迭代器传给 :meth:`extend` " +"方法以向数组添加初始条目。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Array objects support the ordinary sequence operations of indexing, slicing," +" concatenation, and multiplication. When using slice assignment, the " +"assigned value must be an array object with the same type code; in all other" +" cases, :exc:`TypeError` is raised. Array objects also implement the buffer " +"interface, and may be used wherever :term:`bytes-like objects ` are supported." +msgstr "" +"数组对象支持普通的序列操作如索引、切片、拼接和重复等。当使用切片赋值时，所赋的值必须为具有相同类型码的数组对象；所有其他情况都将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。数组对象也实现了缓冲区接口，可以用于所有支持 :term:`类字节对象 ` " +"的场合。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``array.__new__`` with arguments " +"``typecode``, ``initializer``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``array.__new__`` 并附带参数 ``typecode``, " +"``initializer``。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:104 +msgid "The typecode character used to create the array." +msgstr "在创建数组时使用的类型码字符。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:109 +msgid "The length in bytes of one array item in the internal representation." +msgstr "内部表示中，单个数组项的长度。单位为字节。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:114 +msgid "Append a new item with value *x* to the end of the array." +msgstr "添加一个值为 *x* 的新项到数组末尾。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple ``(address, length)`` giving the current memory address and " +"the length in elements of the buffer used to hold array's contents. The " +"size of the memory buffer in bytes can be computed as " +"``array.buffer_info()[1] * array.itemsize``. This is occasionally useful " +"when working with low-level (and inherently unsafe) I/O interfaces that " +"require memory addresses, such as certain :c:func:`!ioctl` operations. The " +"returned numbers are valid as long as the array exists and no length-" +"changing operations are applied to it." +msgstr "" +"返回一个元组 ``(address, length)`` " +"给出存放数组内容的内存缓冲区的当前地址和长度（以元素个数为单位）。以字节为单位的的内存缓冲区大小可通过 ``array.buffer_info()[1]" +" * array.itemsize`` 来计算。工作在需要内存地址的底层（因此天然地不够安全）的 I/O 接口上时，这有时会有用，例如某些 " +":c:func:`!ioctl` 操作。只要数组还存在，并且没有对其应用过改变长度的操作，则返回的数值就是有效的。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:129 +msgid "" +"When using array objects from code written in C or C++ (the only way to " +"effectively make use of this information), it makes more sense to use the " +"buffer interface supported by array objects. This method is maintained for " +"backward compatibility and should be avoided in new code. The buffer " +"interface is documented in :ref:`bufferobjects`." +msgstr "" +"只有在使用以 C 或 C++ " +"编写的代码中的数组对象时，才能有效利用该信息，但此时，更合理的是，使用数组对象支持的缓冲区接口。因此，该方法的存在仅仅是为了向后兼容性，应避免在新代码中使用。缓冲区接口的文档参见" +" :ref:`bufferobjects`。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:138 +msgid "" +"\"Byteswap\" all items of the array. This is only supported for values " +"which are 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes in size; for other types of values, " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. It is useful when reading data from a file " +"written on a machine with a different byte order." +msgstr "" +"“字节对调”所有数组项。此方法只支持大小为 1, 2, 4 或 8 字节的值；对于其它类型的值将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。当要从另一种字节顺序的机器生成的文件中读取数据时，它很有用。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:146 +msgid "Return the number of occurrences of *x* in the array." +msgstr "返回 *x* 在数组中的出现次数。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Append items from *iterable* to the end of the array. If *iterable* is " +"another array, it must have *exactly* the same type code; if not, " +":exc:`TypeError` will be raised. If *iterable* is not an array, it must be " +"iterable and its elements must be the right type to be appended to the " +"array." +msgstr "" +"将来自 *iterable* 的项添加到数组末尾。如果 *iterable* 是另一个数组，它必须具有 *完全* 相同的类型码；否则将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。如果 *iterable* 不是一个数组，则它必须为可迭代对象且其元素的类型须为可添加到数组的适当类型。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Appends items from the :term:`bytes-like object`, interpreting its content " +"as an array of machine values (as if it had been read from a file using the " +":meth:`fromfile` method)." +msgstr "" +"添加来自 :term:`bytes-like object` 的条目，将其内容解读为由机器值组成的数组（就像是使用 :meth:`fromfile` " +"方法从文件中读取内容一样）。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:163 +msgid ":meth:`!fromstring` is renamed to :meth:`frombytes` for clarity." +msgstr ":meth:`!fromstring` 被重命名为含义更准确的 :meth:`frombytes`。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Read *n* items (as machine values) from the :term:`file object` *f* and " +"append them to the end of the array. If less than *n* items are available, " +":exc:`EOFError` is raised, but the items that were available are still " +"inserted into the array." +msgstr "" +"从 :term:`file object` *f* 中读取 *n* 项（视为机器值）并将它们添加到数组末尾。如果可用的项少于 *n* 项，则会引发 " +":exc:`EOFError`，但可用的项仍然会被加进数组。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Append items from the list. This is equivalent to ``for x in list: " +"a.append(x)`` except that if there is a type error, the array is unchanged." +msgstr "" +"将来自列表的项添加到数组末尾。等价于 ``for x in list: a.append(x)``，而不同之处在于，若发生类型错误，数组则不会被改变。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Extends this array with data from the given Unicode string. The array must " +"have type code ``'u'`` or ``'w'``; otherwise a :exc:`ValueError` is raised. " +"Use ``array.frombytes(unicodestring.encode(enc))`` to append Unicode data to" +" an array of some other type." +msgstr "" +"使用来自给定的 Unicode 字符串的数据扩展该数组。 该数组的类型码必须为 ``'u'`` 或 ``'w'``；否则将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 请使用 ``array.frombytes(unicodestring.encode(enc))`` 将 " +"Unicode 数据添加到其他类型的数组。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Return the smallest *i* such that *i* is the index of the first occurrence " +"of *x* in the array. The optional arguments *start* and *stop* can be " +"specified to search for *x* within a subsection of the array. Raise " +":exc:`ValueError` if *x* is not found." +msgstr "" +"返回以这样的方式找到的最小的 *i*：*i* 为数组中第一个 *x* 的下标。可选参数 *start* 和 *stop* " +"用于在数组的一个指定的子段中搜索 *x*。如果未找到 *x* 则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:196 +msgid "Added optional *start* and *stop* parameters." +msgstr "添加了可选的 *start* 和 *stop* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:202 +msgid "" +"Insert a new item with value *x* in the array before position *i*. Negative " +"values are treated as being relative to the end of the array." +msgstr "在数组的位置 *i* 之前插入一个值为 *x* 的新项。负值被视为相对于数组末尾的位置。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Removes the item with the index *i* from the array and returns it. The " +"optional argument defaults to ``-1``, so that by default the last item is " +"removed and returned." +msgstr "从数组中移除下标为 *i* 的项并将其返回。参数默认值为 ``-1``，因此默认移除并返回末项。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:215 +msgid "Remove the first occurrence of *x* from the array." +msgstr "从数组中移除第一个出现的 *x*。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:220 +msgid "Remove all elements from the array." +msgstr "从数组中移除所有元素。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:227 +msgid "Reverse the order of the items in the array." +msgstr "反转数组中各项的顺序。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Convert the array to an array of machine values and return the bytes " +"representation (the same sequence of bytes that would be written to a file " +"by the :meth:`tofile` method.)" +msgstr "将数组转换为一个由机器值组成的数组并返回其字节表示（和用 :meth:`tofile` 方法写入文件的字节序列相同）。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:236 +msgid ":meth:`!tostring` is renamed to :meth:`tobytes` for clarity." +msgstr ":meth:`!tostring` 被重命名为含义更准确的 :meth:`tobytes`。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:242 +msgid "Write all items (as machine values) to the :term:`file object` *f*." +msgstr "将所有项（作为机器值）写入 :term:`file object` *f*。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:247 +msgid "Convert the array to an ordinary list with the same items." +msgstr "将数组转换为由相同的项组成的普通列表。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Convert the array to a Unicode string. The array must have a type ``'u'`` " +"or ``'w'``; otherwise a :exc:`ValueError` is raised. Use " +"``array.tobytes().decode(enc)`` to obtain a Unicode string from an array of " +"some other type." +msgstr "" +"将数组转换为一个 Unicode 字符串。 数组的类型必须为 ``'u'`` 或 ``'w'``；否则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 " +"请使用 ``array.tobytes().decode(enc)`` 来从其他类型的数组获取 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The string representation of array objects has the form ``array(typecode, " +"initializer)``. The *initializer* is omitted if the array is empty, " +"otherwise it is a Unicode string if the *typecode* is ``'u'`` or ``'w'``, " +"otherwise it is a list of numbers. The string representation is guaranteed " +"to be able to be converted back to an array with the same type and value " +"using :func:`eval`, so long as the :class:`~array.array` class has been " +"imported using ``from array import array``. Variables ``inf`` and ``nan`` " +"must also be defined if it contains corresponding floating-point values. " +"Examples::" +msgstr "" +"数组对象的字符串表示形式是 ``array(typecode, initializer)``。 如果数组为空则 *initializer* " +"将被省略，否则如果 *typecode* 为 ``'u'`` 或 ``'w'`` 则为 Unicode 字符串，否则为由数字组成的列表。 只要 " +":class:`~array.array` 类是使用 ``from array import array`` 导入的，该字符串表示形式就保证能使用 " +":func:`eval` 转换回具有相同类型和值的数组。 如果它包含相应的浮点数值则还必须定义变量 ``inf`` 和 ``nan``。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:269 +msgid "" +"array('l')\n" +"array('w', 'hello \\u2641')\n" +"array('l', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])\n" +"array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.14, -inf, nan])" +msgstr "" +"array('l')\n" +"array('w', 'hello \\u2641')\n" +"array('l', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])\n" +"array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.14, -inf, nan])" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:277 +msgid "Module :mod:`struct`" +msgstr ":mod:`struct` 模块" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:278 +msgid "Packing and unpacking of heterogeneous binary data." +msgstr "打包和解包异构二进制数据。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:280 +msgid "`NumPy `_" +msgstr "`NumPy `_" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:281 +msgid "The NumPy package defines another array type." +msgstr "NumPy 包定义了另一数组类型。" + +#: ../../library/array.rst:7 +msgid "arrays" +msgstr "数组" diff --git a/library/ast.po b/library/ast.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0b0209dc --- /dev/null +++ b/library/ast.po @@ -0,0 +1,4452 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Fred , 2021 +# thautwarm , 2021 +# Jarry Shaw , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# xixi zhao , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!ast` --- Abstract Syntax Trees" +msgstr ":mod:`!ast` --- 抽象语法树" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:14 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ast.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/ast.py`" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ast` module helps Python applications to process trees of the " +"Python abstract syntax grammar. The abstract syntax itself might change " +"with each Python release; this module helps to find out programmatically " +"what the current grammar looks like." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast` 模块帮助 Python 程序处理 Python 语法的抽象语法树。抽象语法或许会随着 Python " +"的更新版发行而改变；该模块能够帮助理解当前语法在编程层面的样貌。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:23 +msgid "" +"An abstract syntax tree can be generated by passing " +":data:`ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST` as a flag to the :func:`compile` built-in " +"function, or using the :func:`parse` helper provided in this module. The " +"result will be a tree of objects whose classes all inherit from " +":class:`ast.AST`. An abstract syntax tree can be compiled into a Python " +"code object using the built-in :func:`compile` function." +msgstr "" +"抽象语法树可通过将 :data:`ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST` 作为旗标传递给 :func:`compile` " +"内置函数来生成，或是使用此模块中提供的 :func:`parse` 辅助函数。返回结果将是一个由许多对象构成的树，这些对象所属的类都继承自 " +":class:`ast.AST`。抽象语法树可被内置的 :func:`compile` 函数编译为一个 Python 代码对象。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:33 +msgid "Abstract Grammar" +msgstr "抽象文法" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:35 +msgid "The abstract grammar is currently defined as follows:" +msgstr "抽象文法目前定义如下" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:37 +msgid "" +"-- ASDL's 4 builtin types are:\n" +"-- identifier, int, string, constant\n" +"\n" +"module Python\n" +"{\n" +" mod = Module(stmt* body, type_ignore* type_ignores)\n" +" | Interactive(stmt* body)\n" +" | Expression(expr body)\n" +" | FunctionType(expr* argtypes, expr returns)\n" +"\n" +" stmt = FunctionDef(identifier name, arguments args,\n" +" stmt* body, expr* decorator_list, expr? returns,\n" +" string? type_comment, type_param* type_params)\n" +" | AsyncFunctionDef(identifier name, arguments args,\n" +" stmt* body, expr* decorator_list, expr? returns,\n" +" string? type_comment, type_param* type_params)\n" +"\n" +" | ClassDef(identifier name,\n" +" expr* bases,\n" +" keyword* keywords,\n" +" stmt* body,\n" +" expr* decorator_list,\n" +" type_param* type_params)\n" +" | Return(expr? value)\n" +"\n" +" | Delete(expr* targets)\n" +" | Assign(expr* targets, expr value, string? type_comment)\n" +" | TypeAlias(expr name, type_param* type_params, expr value)\n" +" | AugAssign(expr target, operator op, expr value)\n" +" -- 'simple' indicates that we annotate simple name without parens\n" +" | AnnAssign(expr target, expr annotation, expr? value, int simple)\n" +"\n" +" -- use 'orelse' because else is a keyword in target languages\n" +" | For(expr target, expr iter, stmt* body, stmt* orelse, string? type_comment)\n" +" | AsyncFor(expr target, expr iter, stmt* body, stmt* orelse, string? type_comment)\n" +" | While(expr test, stmt* body, stmt* orelse)\n" +" | If(expr test, stmt* body, stmt* orelse)\n" +" | With(withitem* items, stmt* body, string? type_comment)\n" +" | AsyncWith(withitem* items, stmt* body, string? type_comment)\n" +"\n" +" | Match(expr subject, match_case* cases)\n" +"\n" +" | Raise(expr? exc, expr? cause)\n" +" | Try(stmt* body, excepthandler* handlers, stmt* orelse, stmt* finalbody)\n" +" | TryStar(stmt* body, excepthandler* handlers, stmt* orelse, stmt* finalbody)\n" +" | Assert(expr test, expr? msg)\n" +"\n" +" | Import(alias* names)\n" +" | ImportFrom(identifier? module, alias* names, int? level)\n" +"\n" +" | Global(identifier* names)\n" +" | Nonlocal(identifier* names)\n" +" | Expr(expr value)\n" +" | Pass | Break | Continue\n" +"\n" +" -- col_offset is the byte offset in the utf8 string the parser uses\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" -- BoolOp() can use left & right?\n" +" expr = BoolOp(boolop op, expr* values)\n" +" | NamedExpr(expr target, expr value)\n" +" | BinOp(expr left, operator op, expr right)\n" +" | UnaryOp(unaryop op, expr operand)\n" +" | Lambda(arguments args, expr body)\n" +" | IfExp(expr test, expr body, expr orelse)\n" +" | Dict(expr* keys, expr* values)\n" +" | Set(expr* elts)\n" +" | ListComp(expr elt, comprehension* generators)\n" +" | SetComp(expr elt, comprehension* generators)\n" +" | DictComp(expr key, expr value, comprehension* generators)\n" +" | GeneratorExp(expr elt, comprehension* generators)\n" +" -- the grammar constrains where yield expressions can occur\n" +" | Await(expr value)\n" +" | Yield(expr? value)\n" +" | YieldFrom(expr value)\n" +" -- need sequences for compare to distinguish between\n" +" -- x < 4 < 3 and (x < 4) < 3\n" +" | Compare(expr left, cmpop* ops, expr* comparators)\n" +" | Call(expr func, expr* args, keyword* keywords)\n" +" | FormattedValue(expr value, int conversion, expr? format_spec)\n" +" | JoinedStr(expr* values)\n" +" | Constant(constant value, string? kind)\n" +"\n" +" -- the following expression can appear in assignment context\n" +" | Attribute(expr value, identifier attr, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Subscript(expr value, expr slice, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Starred(expr value, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Name(identifier id, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | List(expr* elts, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Tuple(expr* elts, expr_context ctx)\n" +"\n" +" -- can appear only in Subscript\n" +" | Slice(expr? lower, expr? upper, expr? step)\n" +"\n" +" -- col_offset is the byte offset in the utf8 string the parser uses\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" expr_context = Load | Store | Del\n" +"\n" +" boolop = And | Or\n" +"\n" +" operator = Add | Sub | Mult | MatMult | Div | Mod | Pow | LShift\n" +" | RShift | BitOr | BitXor | BitAnd | FloorDiv\n" +"\n" +" unaryop = Invert | Not | UAdd | USub\n" +"\n" +" cmpop = Eq | NotEq | Lt | LtE | Gt | GtE | Is | IsNot | In | NotIn\n" +"\n" +" comprehension = (expr target, expr iter, expr* ifs, int is_async)\n" +"\n" +" excepthandler = ExceptHandler(expr? type, identifier? name, stmt* body)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" arguments = (arg* posonlyargs, arg* args, arg? vararg, arg* kwonlyargs,\n" +" expr* kw_defaults, arg? kwarg, expr* defaults)\n" +"\n" +" arg = (identifier arg, expr? annotation, string? type_comment)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" -- keyword arguments supplied to call (NULL identifier for **kwargs)\n" +" keyword = (identifier? arg, expr value)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" -- import name with optional 'as' alias.\n" +" alias = (identifier name, identifier? asname)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" withitem = (expr context_expr, expr? optional_vars)\n" +"\n" +" match_case = (pattern pattern, expr? guard, stmt* body)\n" +"\n" +" pattern = MatchValue(expr value)\n" +" | MatchSingleton(constant value)\n" +" | MatchSequence(pattern* patterns)\n" +" | MatchMapping(expr* keys, pattern* patterns, identifier? rest)\n" +" | MatchClass(expr cls, pattern* patterns, identifier* kwd_attrs, pattern* kwd_patterns)\n" +"\n" +" | MatchStar(identifier? name)\n" +" -- The optional \"rest\" MatchMapping parameter handles capturing extra mapping keys\n" +"\n" +" | MatchAs(pattern? pattern, identifier? name)\n" +" | MatchOr(pattern* patterns)\n" +"\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" type_ignore = TypeIgnore(int lineno, string tag)\n" +"\n" +" type_param = TypeVar(identifier name, expr? bound, expr? default_value)\n" +" | ParamSpec(identifier name, expr? default_value)\n" +" | TypeVarTuple(identifier name, expr? default_value)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)\n" +"}\n" +msgstr "" +"-- ASDL's 4 builtin types are:\n" +"-- identifier, int, string, constant\n" +"\n" +"module Python\n" +"{\n" +" mod = Module(stmt* body, type_ignore* type_ignores)\n" +" | Interactive(stmt* body)\n" +" | Expression(expr body)\n" +" | FunctionType(expr* argtypes, expr returns)\n" +"\n" +" stmt = FunctionDef(identifier name, arguments args,\n" +" stmt* body, expr* decorator_list, expr? returns,\n" +" string? type_comment, type_param* type_params)\n" +" | AsyncFunctionDef(identifier name, arguments args,\n" +" stmt* body, expr* decorator_list, expr? returns,\n" +" string? type_comment, type_param* type_params)\n" +"\n" +" | ClassDef(identifier name,\n" +" expr* bases,\n" +" keyword* keywords,\n" +" stmt* body,\n" +" expr* decorator_list,\n" +" type_param* type_params)\n" +" | Return(expr? value)\n" +"\n" +" | Delete(expr* targets)\n" +" | Assign(expr* targets, expr value, string? type_comment)\n" +" | TypeAlias(expr name, type_param* type_params, expr value)\n" +" | AugAssign(expr target, operator op, expr value)\n" +" -- 'simple' indicates that we annotate simple name without parens\n" +" | AnnAssign(expr target, expr annotation, expr? value, int simple)\n" +"\n" +" -- use 'orelse' because else is a keyword in target languages\n" +" | For(expr target, expr iter, stmt* body, stmt* orelse, string? type_comment)\n" +" | AsyncFor(expr target, expr iter, stmt* body, stmt* orelse, string? type_comment)\n" +" | While(expr test, stmt* body, stmt* orelse)\n" +" | If(expr test, stmt* body, stmt* orelse)\n" +" | With(withitem* items, stmt* body, string? type_comment)\n" +" | AsyncWith(withitem* items, stmt* body, string? type_comment)\n" +"\n" +" | Match(expr subject, match_case* cases)\n" +"\n" +" | Raise(expr? exc, expr? cause)\n" +" | Try(stmt* body, excepthandler* handlers, stmt* orelse, stmt* finalbody)\n" +" | TryStar(stmt* body, excepthandler* handlers, stmt* orelse, stmt* finalbody)\n" +" | Assert(expr test, expr? msg)\n" +"\n" +" | Import(alias* names)\n" +" | ImportFrom(identifier? module, alias* names, int? level)\n" +"\n" +" | Global(identifier* names)\n" +" | Nonlocal(identifier* names)\n" +" | Expr(expr value)\n" +" | Pass | Break | Continue\n" +"\n" +" -- col_offset is the byte offset in the utf8 string the parser uses\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" -- BoolOp() can use left & right?\n" +" expr = BoolOp(boolop op, expr* values)\n" +" | NamedExpr(expr target, expr value)\n" +" | BinOp(expr left, operator op, expr right)\n" +" | UnaryOp(unaryop op, expr operand)\n" +" | Lambda(arguments args, expr body)\n" +" | IfExp(expr test, expr body, expr orelse)\n" +" | Dict(expr* keys, expr* values)\n" +" | Set(expr* elts)\n" +" | ListComp(expr elt, comprehension* generators)\n" +" | SetComp(expr elt, comprehension* generators)\n" +" | DictComp(expr key, expr value, comprehension* generators)\n" +" | GeneratorExp(expr elt, comprehension* generators)\n" +" -- the grammar constrains where yield expressions can occur\n" +" | Await(expr value)\n" +" | Yield(expr? value)\n" +" | YieldFrom(expr value)\n" +" -- need sequences for compare to distinguish between\n" +" -- x < 4 < 3 and (x < 4) < 3\n" +" | Compare(expr left, cmpop* ops, expr* comparators)\n" +" | Call(expr func, expr* args, keyword* keywords)\n" +" | FormattedValue(expr value, int conversion, expr? format_spec)\n" +" | JoinedStr(expr* values)\n" +" | Constant(constant value, string? kind)\n" +"\n" +" -- the following expression can appear in assignment context\n" +" | Attribute(expr value, identifier attr, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Subscript(expr value, expr slice, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Starred(expr value, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Name(identifier id, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | List(expr* elts, expr_context ctx)\n" +" | Tuple(expr* elts, expr_context ctx)\n" +"\n" +" -- can appear only in Subscript\n" +" | Slice(expr? lower, expr? upper, expr? step)\n" +"\n" +" -- col_offset is the byte offset in the utf8 string the parser uses\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" expr_context = Load | Store | Del\n" +"\n" +" boolop = And | Or\n" +"\n" +" operator = Add | Sub | Mult | MatMult | Div | Mod | Pow | LShift\n" +" | RShift | BitOr | BitXor | BitAnd | FloorDiv\n" +"\n" +" unaryop = Invert | Not | UAdd | USub\n" +"\n" +" cmpop = Eq | NotEq | Lt | LtE | Gt | GtE | Is | IsNot | In | NotIn\n" +"\n" +" comprehension = (expr target, expr iter, expr* ifs, int is_async)\n" +"\n" +" excepthandler = ExceptHandler(expr? type, identifier? name, stmt* body)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" arguments = (arg* posonlyargs, arg* args, arg? vararg, arg* kwonlyargs,\n" +" expr* kw_defaults, arg? kwarg, expr* defaults)\n" +"\n" +" arg = (identifier arg, expr? annotation, string? type_comment)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" -- keyword arguments supplied to call (NULL identifier for **kwargs)\n" +" keyword = (identifier? arg, expr value)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" -- import name with optional 'as' alias.\n" +" alias = (identifier name, identifier? asname)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int? end_lineno, int? end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" withitem = (expr context_expr, expr? optional_vars)\n" +"\n" +" match_case = (pattern pattern, expr? guard, stmt* body)\n" +"\n" +" pattern = MatchValue(expr value)\n" +" | MatchSingleton(constant value)\n" +" | MatchSequence(pattern* patterns)\n" +" | MatchMapping(expr* keys, pattern* patterns, identifier? rest)\n" +" | MatchClass(expr cls, pattern* patterns, identifier* kwd_attrs, pattern* kwd_patterns)\n" +"\n" +" | MatchStar(identifier? name)\n" +" -- The optional \"rest\" MatchMapping parameter handles capturing extra mapping keys\n" +"\n" +" | MatchAs(pattern? pattern, identifier? name)\n" +" | MatchOr(pattern* patterns)\n" +"\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)\n" +"\n" +" type_ignore = TypeIgnore(int lineno, string tag)\n" +"\n" +" type_param = TypeVar(identifier name, expr? bound, expr? default_value)\n" +" | ParamSpec(identifier name, expr? default_value)\n" +" | TypeVarTuple(identifier name, expr? default_value)\n" +" attributes (int lineno, int col_offset, int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)\n" +"}\n" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:42 +msgid "Node classes" +msgstr "节点类" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:46 +msgid "" +"This is the base of all AST node classes. The actual node classes are " +"derived from the :file:`Parser/Python.asdl` file, which is reproduced " +":ref:`above `. They are defined in the :mod:`!_ast` C " +"module and re-exported in :mod:`ast`." +msgstr "" +"这是所有 AST 节点类的基类。 实际的节点类都派生自 :file:`Parser/Python.asdl` 文件，其完整内容 :ref:`如上所示 " +"`。 它们 :mod:`!_ast` C 模块中定义并在 :mod:`ast` 中重新导出。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:51 +msgid "" +"There is one class defined for each left-hand side symbol in the abstract " +"grammar (for example, :class:`ast.stmt` or :class:`ast.expr`). In addition," +" there is one class defined for each constructor on the right-hand side; " +"these classes inherit from the classes for the left-hand side trees. For " +"example, :class:`ast.BinOp` inherits from :class:`ast.expr`. For production" +" rules with alternatives (aka \"sums\"), the left-hand side class is " +"abstract: only instances of specific constructor nodes are ever created." +msgstr "" +"抽象文法中的每个等号左边的符号（比方说， :class:`ast.stmt` 或者 " +":class:`ast.expr`）定义了一个类。另外，在等号右边，对每一个构造器也定义了一个类；这些类继承自等号左边的类。比如，:class:`ast.BinOp`" +" 继承自 :class:`ast.expr`。对于多分支产生式（也就是含有“ | ”的产生式），左边的类是抽象的；只有具体构造器类的实例能够被 " +"compile 函数构造。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Each concrete class has an attribute :attr:`!_fields` which gives the names " +"of all child nodes." +msgstr "每个实体类都具有属性 :attr:`!_fields`，它给出了所有子节点的名字。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Each instance of a concrete class has one attribute for each child node, of " +"the type as defined in the grammar. For example, :class:`ast.BinOp` " +"instances have an attribute :attr:`left` of type :class:`ast.expr`." +msgstr "" +"每个具体类的实例为自己的每个子节点都准备了一个属性来引用该子节点，属性的类型就是文法中所定义的。比如，:class:`ast.BinOp` " +"的实例有个属性 :attr:`left`，类型是 :class:`ast.expr`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:71 +msgid "" +"If these attributes are marked as optional in the grammar (using a question " +"mark), the value might be ``None``. If the attributes can have zero-or-more" +" values (marked with an asterisk), the values are represented as Python " +"lists. All possible attributes must be present and have valid values when " +"compiling an AST with :func:`compile`." +msgstr "" +"如果这些属性在文法中标记为可选（用问号标记），对应值可能会是 " +"``None``。如果这些属性可有零或多个值（用星号标记），对应值会用Python的列表来表示。在用 :func:`compile` " +"将AST编译为可执行代码时，所有的属性必须已经被赋值为有效的值。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:79 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`!_field_types` attribute on each concrete class is a dictionary " +"mapping field names (as also listed in :attr:`_fields`) to their types." +msgstr "" +"每次个实体类上的 :attr:`!_field_types` 属性都是一个将字段名（与在 :attr:`_fields` 中列出的相同）) " +"映射到其类型的字典。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:82 +msgid "" +">>> ast.TypeVar._field_types\n" +"{'name': , 'bound': ast.expr | None, 'default_value': ast.expr | None}" +msgstr "" +">>> ast.TypeVar._field_types\n" +"{'name': , 'bound': ast.expr | None, 'default_value': ast.expr | None}" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`ast.expr` and :class:`ast.stmt` subclasses have " +":attr:`lineno`, :attr:`col_offset`, :attr:`end_lineno`, and " +":attr:`end_col_offset` attributes. The :attr:`lineno` and " +":attr:`end_lineno` are the first and last line numbers of source text span " +"(1-indexed so the first line is line 1) and the :attr:`col_offset` and " +":attr:`end_col_offset` are the corresponding UTF-8 byte offsets of the first" +" and last tokens that generated the node. The UTF-8 offset is recorded " +"because the parser uses UTF-8 internally." +msgstr "" +":class:`ast.expr` 和 :class:`ast.stmt` 的子类的实例的属性包括 " +":attr:`lineno`、:attr:`col_offset`、:attr:`end_lineno` 和 " +":attr:`end_col_offset`。:attr:`lineno` 和 :attr:`end_lineno` " +"是源码中属于该节点的部分从哪一行开始，到哪一行结束（数字 1 指第一行，以此类推）；:attr:`col_offset` 和 " +":attr:`end_col_offset` 是第一个和最后一个属于该节点的 token 的 UTF-8 字节偏移量。记录 UTF-8 " +"偏移量的原因是解析器内部使用 UTF-8。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Note that the end positions are not required by the compiler and are " +"therefore optional. The end offset is *after* the last symbol, for example " +"one can get the source segment of a one-line expression node using " +"``source_line[node.col_offset : node.end_col_offset]``." +msgstr "" +"注意编译器不需要结束位置，所以结束位置是可选的。结束偏移在最后一个符号 *之后* ，例如你可以通过 " +"``source_line[node.col_offset : node.end_col_offset]`` 获得一个单行表达式节点的源码片段。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:108 +msgid "" +"The constructor of a class :class:`ast.T` parses its arguments as follows:" +msgstr ":class:`ast.T` 类的构造器像下面这样解析它的参数：" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:110 +msgid "" +"If there are positional arguments, there must be as many as there are items " +"in :attr:`T._fields`; they will be assigned as attributes of these names." +msgstr "如果只用位置参数，参数的数量必须和 :attr:`T._fields` 中的项一样多；它们会按顺序赋值到这些属性上。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:112 +msgid "" +"If there are keyword arguments, they will set the attributes of the same " +"names to the given values." +msgstr "如果有关键字参数，它们会为与其关键字同名的属性赋值。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:115 +msgid "" +"For example, to create and populate an :class:`ast.UnaryOp` node, you could " +"use ::" +msgstr "比方说，要创建和填充节点 :class:`ast.UnaryOp`，你得用 ::" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:118 +msgid "" +"node = ast.UnaryOp(ast.USub(), ast.Constant(5, lineno=0, col_offset=0),\n" +" lineno=0, col_offset=0)" +msgstr "" +"node = ast.UnaryOp(ast.USub(), ast.Constant(5, lineno=0, col_offset=0),\n" +" lineno=0, col_offset=0)" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:121 +msgid "" +"If a field that is optional in the grammar is omitted from the constructor, " +"it defaults to ``None``. If a list field is omitted, it defaults to the " +"empty list. If a field of type :class:`!ast.expr_context` is omitted, it " +"defaults to :class:`Load() `. If any other field is omitted, a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` is raised and the AST node will not have this " +"field. In Python 3.15, this condition will raise an error." +msgstr "" +"如果从构造器中省略一个在语法中可选的字段，则其默认值为 ``None``。 如果省略一个列表字段，则其默认值为空列表。 如果省略一个 " +":class:`!ast.expr_context` 类型的字段，则其默认值 为 :class:`Load() `。 " +"如果省略任何其他字段，则会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 并且 AST 节点将不包含此字段。 在 Python " +"3.15，这种情况将引发一个错误。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:130 +msgid "Class :class:`ast.Constant` is now used for all constants." +msgstr ":class:`ast.Constant` 类现在用于所有常量。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Simple indices are represented by their value, extended slices are " +"represented as tuples." +msgstr "简单索引由它们的值表示，扩展切片表示为元组。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Old classes :class:`!ast.Num`, :class:`!ast.Str`, :class:`!ast.Bytes`, " +":class:`!ast.NameConstant` and :class:`!ast.Ellipsis` are still available, " +"but they will be removed in future Python releases. In the meantime, " +"instantiating them will return an instance of a different class." +msgstr "" +"原有的类 :class:`!ast.Num`, :class:`!ast.Str`, :class:`!ast.Bytes`, " +":class:`!ast.NameConstant` 和 :class:`!ast.Ellipsis` 仍然可用，但它们将在未来的 Python " +"发布版中被移除。 同时，实例化它们将返回其他某个类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Old classes :class:`!ast.Index` and :class:`!ast.ExtSlice` are still " +"available, but they will be removed in future Python releases. In the " +"meantime, instantiating them will return an instance of a different class." +msgstr "" +"原有的类 :class:`!ast.Index` and :class:`!ast.ExtSlice` 仍然可用，但它们将在未来的 Python " +"发布版中被移除。 同时，实例化它们将返回其他某个类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Previous versions of Python allowed the creation of AST nodes that were " +"missing required fields. Similarly, AST node constructors allowed arbitrary " +"keyword arguments that were set as attributes of the AST node, even if they " +"did not match any of the fields of the AST node. This behavior is deprecated" +" and will be removed in Python 3.15." +msgstr "" +"之前版本的 Python 允许创建缺少必需字段的 AST 节点。 类似地，AST 节点构造器也允许任意用于设置 AST " +"节点属性的关键字参数，即使它们不能匹配任何 AST 节点的字段。 此行为已被弃用并将在 Python 3.15 中移除。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The descriptions of the specific node classes displayed here were initially " +"adapted from the fantastic `Green Tree Snakes " +"`__ project and all its " +"contributors." +msgstr "" +"在此显示的特定节点类的描述最初是改编自杰出的 `Green Tree Snakes " +"`__ 项目及其所有贡献者。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:169 +msgid "Root nodes" +msgstr "根节点" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:173 +msgid "" +"A Python module, as with :ref:`file input `. Node type generated" +" by :func:`ast.parse` in the default ``\"exec\"`` *mode*." +msgstr "" +"一个 Python 模块，用于 :ref:`文件输入 `。 由 :func:`ast.parse` 以默认 " +"``\"exec\"`` *mode* 生成的节点类型。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:176 +msgid "``body`` is a :class:`list` of the module's :ref:`ast-statements`." +msgstr "``body`` 是由该模块的 :ref:`ast-statements` 组成的 :class:`list`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:178 +msgid "" +"``type_ignores`` is a :class:`list` of the module's type ignore comments; " +"see :func:`ast.parse` for more details." +msgstr "" +"``type_ignores`` 是由该模块的类型忽略注释组成的 :class:`list`；请参阅 :func:`ast.parse` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:181 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x = 1'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x = 1'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:194 +msgid "" +"A single Python :ref:`expression input `. Node type " +"generated by :func:`ast.parse` when *mode* is ``\"eval\"``." +msgstr "" +"单个 Python :ref:`表达式输入 `。 当 *mode* 为 ``\"eval\"`` 时由 " +":func:`ast.parse` 所生成的节点类型。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:197 +msgid "" +"``body`` is a single node, one of the :ref:`expression types `." +msgstr "``body`` 为单独节点，是某一个 :ref:`表达式类型 `。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:200 ../../library/ast.rst:270 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('123', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Constant(value=123))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('123', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Constant(value=123))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:209 +msgid "" +"A single :ref:`interactive input `, like in :ref:`tut-interac`." +" Node type generated by :func:`ast.parse` when *mode* is ``\"single\"``." +msgstr "" +"单个 :ref:`交互式输入 `，就像在 :ref:`tut-interac` 中一样。 当 *mode* 为 " +"``\"single\"`` 时由 :func:`ast.parse` 所生成的节点类型。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:212 +msgid "" +"``body`` is a :class:`list` of :ref:`statement nodes `." +msgstr "``body`` 是由 :ref:`语句节点 ` 组成的 :class:`list`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:214 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x = 1; y = 2', mode='single'), indent=4))\n" +"Interactive(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1)),\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='y', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=2))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x = 1; y = 2', mode='single'), indent=4))\n" +"Interactive(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1)),\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='y', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=2))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:231 +msgid "" +"A representation of an old-style type comments for functions, as Python " +"versions prior to 3.5 didn't support :pep:`484` annotations. Node type " +"generated by :func:`ast.parse` when *mode* is ``\"func_type\"``." +msgstr "" +"函数的旧风格类型注释表示形式，因为 Python 3.5 之前的版本不支持 :pep:`484` 标注。 当 *mode* 为 " +"``\"func_type\"`` 时由 :func:`ast.parse` 所生成的节点类型。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:235 +msgid "Such type comments would look like this::" +msgstr "此种类型注释的形式是这样的::" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:237 +msgid "" +"def sum_two_number(a, b):\n" +" # type: (int, int) -> int\n" +" return a + b" +msgstr "" +"def sum_two_number(a, b):\n" +" # type: (int, int) -> int\n" +" return a + b" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:241 +msgid "" +"``argtypes`` is a :class:`list` of :ref:`expression nodes `." +msgstr "``argtypes`` 是由 :ref:`表达式节点 ` 组成的 :class:`list`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:243 +msgid "``returns`` is a single :ref:`expression node `." +msgstr "``returns`` 是单独的 :ref:`表达式节点 `。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:245 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(int, str) -> List[int]', mode='func_type'), indent=4))\n" +"FunctionType(\n" +" argtypes=[\n" +" Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='str', ctx=Load())],\n" +" returns=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='List', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(int, str) -> List[int]', mode='func_type'), indent=4))\n" +"FunctionType(\n" +" argtypes=[\n" +" Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='str', ctx=Load())],\n" +" returns=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='List', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:261 +msgid "Literals" +msgstr "字面值" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:265 +msgid "" +"A constant value. The ``value`` attribute of the ``Constant`` literal " +"contains the Python object it represents. The values represented can be " +"simple types such as a number, string or ``None``, but also immutable " +"container types (tuples and frozensets) if all of their elements are " +"constant." +msgstr "" +"一个常量。 ``Constant`` 字面值的 ``value`` 属性即为其代表的 Python 对象。它可以代表简单的数字，字符串或者 " +"``None`` 对象，但是也可以代表所有元素都是常量的不可变容器（例如元组或冻结集合）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Node representing a single formatting field in an f-string. If the string " +"contains a single formatting field and nothing else the node can be isolated" +" otherwise it appears in :class:`JoinedStr`." +msgstr "" +"节点是以一个 f-字符串形式的格式化字段来代表的。 如果该字符串只包含单个格式化字段而没有任何其他内容则节点可以被隔离，否则它将在 " +":class:`JoinedStr` 中出现。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:283 +msgid "" +"``value`` is any expression node (such as a literal, a variable, or a " +"function call)." +msgstr "``value`` 为任意的表达式节点（如一个字面值、变量或函数调用）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:285 +msgid "``conversion`` is an integer:" +msgstr "``conversion`` 是一个整数:" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:287 +msgid "-1: no formatting" +msgstr "-1: 无格式化" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:288 +msgid "115: ``!s`` string formatting" +msgstr "115: ``!s`` 字符串格式化" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:289 +msgid "114: ``!r`` repr formatting" +msgstr "114: ``!r`` repr 格式化" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:290 +msgid "97: ``!a`` ascii formatting" +msgstr "97: ``!a`` ascii 格式化" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:292 +msgid "" +"``format_spec`` is a :class:`JoinedStr` node representing the formatting of " +"the value, or ``None`` if no format was specified. Both ``conversion`` and " +"``format_spec`` can be set at the same time." +msgstr "" +"``format_spec`` 是一个代表值的格式化的 :class:`JoinedStr` 节点，或者如果未指定格式则为 ``None``。 " +"``conversion`` 和 ``format_spec`` 可以被同时设置。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:299 +msgid "" +"An f-string, comprising a series of :class:`FormattedValue` and " +":class:`Constant` nodes." +msgstr "一个 f-字符串，由一系列 :class:`FormattedValue` 和 :class:`Constant` 节点组成。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:302 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('f\"sin({a}) is {sin(a):.3}\"', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=JoinedStr(\n" +" values=[\n" +" Constant(value='sin('),\n" +" FormattedValue(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" conversion=-1),\n" +" Constant(value=') is '),\n" +" FormattedValue(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='sin', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Load())]),\n" +" conversion=-1,\n" +" format_spec=JoinedStr(\n" +" values=[\n" +" Constant(value='.3')]))]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('f\"sin({a}) is {sin(a):.3}\"', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=JoinedStr(\n" +" values=[\n" +" Constant(value='sin('),\n" +" FormattedValue(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" conversion=-1),\n" +" Constant(value=') is '),\n" +" FormattedValue(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='sin', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Load())]),\n" +" conversion=-1,\n" +" format_spec=JoinedStr(\n" +" values=[\n" +" Constant(value='.3')]))]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:327 +msgid "" +"A list or tuple. ``elts`` holds a list of nodes representing the elements. " +"``ctx`` is :class:`Store` if the container is an assignment target (i.e. " +"``(x,y)=something``), and :class:`Load` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"一个列表或元组。 ``elts`` 保存一个代表元素的节点的列表。 ``ctx`` 在容器为赋值的目标时 (如 ``(x,y)=something``)" +" 是 :class:`Store`，否则是 :class:`Load`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:331 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('[1, 2, 3]', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=List(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2),\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" ctx=Load()))\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(1, 2, 3)', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2),\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" ctx=Load()))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('[1, 2, 3]', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=List(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2),\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" ctx=Load()))\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(1, 2, 3)', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2),\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" ctx=Load()))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:353 +msgid "A set. ``elts`` holds a list of nodes representing the set's elements." +msgstr "一个集合。 ``elts`` 保存一个代表集合的元组的节点的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:355 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('{1, 2, 3}', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Set(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2),\n" +" Constant(value=3)]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('{1, 2, 3}', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Set(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2),\n" +" Constant(value=3)]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:368 +msgid "" +"A dictionary. ``keys`` and ``values`` hold lists of nodes representing the " +"keys and the values respectively, in matching order (what would be returned " +"when calling :code:`dictionary.keys()` and :code:`dictionary.values()`)." +msgstr "" +"一个字典。 ``keys`` 和 ``values`` 保存分别代表键和值的节点的列表，按照匹配的顺序（即当调用 " +":code:`dictionary.keys()` 和 :code:`dictionary.values()` 时将返回的结果）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:372 +msgid "" +"When doing dictionary unpacking using dictionary literals the expression to " +"be expanded goes in the ``values`` list, with a ``None`` at the " +"corresponding position in ``keys``." +msgstr "" +"当使用字典字面值进行字典解包操作时要扩展的表达式放入 ``values`` 列表，并将 ``None`` 放入 ``keys`` 的对应位置。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:376 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('{\"a\":1, **d}', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Dict(\n" +" keys=[\n" +" Constant(value='a'),\n" +" None],\n" +" values=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Name(id='d', ctx=Load())]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('{\"a\":1, **d}', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Dict(\n" +" keys=[\n" +" Constant(value='a'),\n" +" None],\n" +" values=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Name(id='d', ctx=Load())]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:390 +msgid "Variables" +msgstr "变量" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:394 +msgid "" +"A variable name. ``id`` holds the name as a string, and ``ctx`` is one of " +"the following types." +msgstr "一个变量名。 ``id`` 将名称保存为字符串，而 ``ctx`` 为下列类型之一。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Variable references can be used to load the value of a variable, to assign a" +" new value to it, or to delete it. Variable references are given a context " +"to distinguish these cases." +msgstr "变量引用可被用来载入一个变量的值，为其赋一个新值，或是将其删除。 变量引用会给出一个上下文来区分这几种情况。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:406 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a = 1'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('del a'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Delete(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Del())])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a = 1'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('del a'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Delete(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Del())])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:432 +msgid "" +"A ``*var`` variable reference. ``value`` holds the variable, typically a " +":class:`Name` node. This type must be used when building a :class:`Call` " +"node with ``*args``." +msgstr "" +"一个 ``*var`` 变量引用。 ``value`` 保存变量，通常为一个 :class:`Name` 节点。 此类型必须在构建 " +":class:`Call` 节点并传入 ``*args`` 时被使用。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:436 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a, *b = it'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" Starred(\n" +" value=Name(id='b', ctx=Store()),\n" +" ctx=Store())],\n" +" ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Name(id='it', ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a, *b = it'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" Starred(\n" +" value=Name(id='b', ctx=Store()),\n" +" ctx=Store())],\n" +" ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Name(id='it', ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:456 +msgid "Expressions" +msgstr "表达式" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:460 +msgid "" +"When an expression, such as a function call, appears as a statement by " +"itself with its return value not used or stored, it is wrapped in this " +"container. ``value`` holds one of the other nodes in this section, a " +":class:`Constant`, a :class:`Name`, a :class:`Lambda`, a :class:`Yield` or " +":class:`YieldFrom` node." +msgstr "" +"当一个表达式，例如函数调用，本身作为一个语句出现并且其返回值未被使用或存储时，它会被包装在此容器中。 ``value`` 保存本节中的其他节点之一，一个" +" :class:`Constant`, :class:`Name`, :class:`Lambda`, :class:`Yield` 或者 " +":class:`YieldFrom` 节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:465 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('-a'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=UnaryOp(\n" +" op=USub(),\n" +" operand=Name(id='a', ctx=Load())))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('-a'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=UnaryOp(\n" +" op=USub(),\n" +" operand=Name(id='a', ctx=Load())))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:478 +msgid "" +"A unary operation. ``op`` is the operator, and ``operand`` any expression " +"node." +msgstr "一个单目运算。 ``op`` 是运算符，而 ``operand`` 是任意表达式节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:487 +msgid "" +"Unary operator tokens. :class:`Not` is the ``not`` keyword, :class:`Invert` " +"is the ``~`` operator." +msgstr "单目运算符对应的形符。 :class:`Not` 是 ``not`` 关键字，:class:`Invert` 是 ``~`` 运算符。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:490 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('not x', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=UnaryOp(\n" +" op=Not(),\n" +" operand=Name(id='x', ctx=Load())))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('not x', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=UnaryOp(\n" +" op=Not(),\n" +" operand=Name(id='x', ctx=Load())))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:501 +msgid "" +"A binary operation (like addition or division). ``op`` is the operator, and " +"``left`` and ``right`` are any expression nodes." +msgstr "一个双目运算（如相加或相减）。 ``op`` 是运算符，而 ``left`` 和 ``right`` 是任意表达式节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:504 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x + y', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Add(),\n" +" right=Name(id='y', ctx=Load())))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x + y', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Add(),\n" +" right=Name(id='y', ctx=Load())))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:528 +msgid "Binary operator tokens." +msgstr "双目运算符对应的形符。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:533 +msgid "" +"A boolean operation, 'or' or 'and'. ``op`` is :class:`Or` or :class:`And`. " +"``values`` are the values involved. Consecutive operations with the same " +"operator, such as ``a or b or c``, are collapsed into one node with several " +"values." +msgstr "" +"一个布尔运算，'or' 或者 'and'。 ``op`` 是 :class:`Or` 或者 :class:`And`。 ``values`` " +"是参与运算的值。 具有相同运算符的连续运算，如 ``a or b or c``，会被折叠为具有多个值的单个节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:538 +msgid "This doesn't include ``not``, which is a :class:`UnaryOp`." +msgstr "这不包括 ``not``，它属于 :class:`UnaryOp`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:540 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x or y', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=BoolOp(\n" +" op=Or(),\n" +" values=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='y', ctx=Load())]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x or y', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=BoolOp(\n" +" op=Or(),\n" +" values=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='y', ctx=Load())]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:554 +msgid "Boolean operator tokens." +msgstr "布尔运算符对应的形符。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:559 +msgid "" +"A comparison of two or more values. ``left`` is the first value in the " +"comparison, ``ops`` the list of operators, and ``comparators`` the list of " +"values after the first element in the comparison." +msgstr "" +"两个或更多值之间的比较运算。 ``left`` 是参加比较的第一个值，``ops`` 是由运算符组成的列表，而 ``comparators`` " +"是由参加比较的第一个元素之后的值组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:563 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('1 <= a < 10', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Compare(\n" +" left=Constant(value=1),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" LtE(),\n" +" Lt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Constant(value=10)]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('1 <= a < 10', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Compare(\n" +" left=Constant(value=1),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" LtE(),\n" +" Lt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Constant(value=10)]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:588 +msgid "Comparison operator tokens." +msgstr "比较运算符对应的形符。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:593 +msgid "" +"A function call. ``func`` is the function, which will often be a " +":class:`Name` or :class:`Attribute` object. Of the arguments:" +msgstr "" +"一个函数调用。 ``func`` 是函数，它通常是一个 :class:`Name` 或 :class:`Attribute` 对象。 对于其参数:" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:596 +msgid "``args`` holds a list of the arguments passed by position." +msgstr "``args`` 保存由按位置传入的参数组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:597 +msgid "" +"``keywords`` holds a list of :class:`.keyword` objects representing " +"arguments passed by keyword." +msgstr "``keywords`` 保存了一个代表以关键字传入的参数的 :class:`.keyword` 对象的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:600 +msgid "" +"The ``args`` and ``keywords`` arguments are optional and default to empty " +"lists." +msgstr "``args`` 和 ``keywords`` 参数是可选的并且默认为空列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:602 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('func(a, b=c, *d, **e)', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='func', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Starred(\n" +" value=Name(id='d', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load())],\n" +" keywords=[\n" +" keyword(\n" +" arg='b',\n" +" value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load())),\n" +" keyword(\n" +" value=Name(id='e', ctx=Load()))]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('func(a, b=c, *d, **e)', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='func', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Starred(\n" +" value=Name(id='d', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load())],\n" +" keywords=[\n" +" keyword(\n" +" arg='b',\n" +" value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load())),\n" +" keyword(\n" +" value=Name(id='e', ctx=Load()))]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:623 +msgid "" +"A keyword argument to a function call or class definition. ``arg`` is a raw " +"string of the parameter name, ``value`` is a node to pass in." +msgstr "传给函数调用或类定义的关键字参数。 ``arg`` 是形参名称对应的原始字符串，``value`` 是要传入的节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:629 +msgid "" +"An expression such as ``a if b else c``. Each field holds a single node, so " +"in the following example, all three are :class:`Name` nodes." +msgstr "" +"一个表达式例如 ``a if b else c``。 每个字段保存一个单独节点，因而在下面的示例中，三个节点均为 :class:`Name` 节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:632 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a if b else c', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=IfExp(\n" +" test=Name(id='b', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" orelse=Name(id='c', ctx=Load())))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a if b else c', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=IfExp(\n" +" test=Name(id='b', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" orelse=Name(id='c', ctx=Load())))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Attribute access, e.g. ``d.keys``. ``value`` is a node, typically a " +":class:`Name`. ``attr`` is a bare string giving the name of the attribute, " +"and ``ctx`` is :class:`Load`, :class:`Store` or :class:`Del` according to " +"how the attribute is acted on." +msgstr "" +"属性访问，例如 ``d.keys``。 ``value`` 是一个节点，通常为 :class:`Name`。 ``attr`` " +"是一个给出属性名称的纯字符串，而 ``ctx`` 根据属性操作的方式可以为 :class:`Load`, :class:`Store` 或 " +":class:`Del`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:649 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('snake.colour', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Attribute(\n" +" value=Name(id='snake', ctx=Load()),\n" +" attr='colour',\n" +" ctx=Load()))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('snake.colour', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Attribute(\n" +" value=Name(id='snake', ctx=Load()),\n" +" attr='colour',\n" +" ctx=Load()))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:661 +msgid "" +"A named expression. This AST node is produced by the assignment expressions " +"operator (also known as the walrus operator). As opposed to the " +":class:`Assign` node in which the first argument can be multiple nodes, in " +"this case both ``target`` and ``value`` must be single nodes." +msgstr "" +"一个带名称的表达式。 此 AST 节点是由赋值表达式运算符（或称海象运算符）产生的。 与第一个参数可以有多个节点的 :class:`Assign` " +"节点不同，在此情况下 ``target`` 和 ``value`` 都必须为单独节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:666 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(x := 4)', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=NamedExpr(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" value=Constant(value=4)))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(x := 4)', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=NamedExpr(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" value=Constant(value=4)))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:677 +msgid "Subscripting" +msgstr "抽取" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:681 +msgid "" +"A subscript, such as ``l[1]``. ``value`` is the subscripted object (usually " +"sequence or mapping). ``slice`` is an index, slice or key. It can be a " +":class:`Tuple` and contain a :class:`Slice`. ``ctx`` is :class:`Load`, " +":class:`Store` or :class:`Del` according to the action performed with the " +"subscript." +msgstr "" +"抽取操作，如 ``l[1]``。 ``value`` 是被抽取的对象（通常为序列或映射）。 ``slice`` 是索引号、切片或键。 它可以是一个包含 " +":class:`Slice` 的 :class:`Tuple`。 ``ctx`` 根据抽取所执行的操作可以为 :class:`Load`, " +":class:`Store` 或 :class:`Del`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:687 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('l[1:2, 3]', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='l', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Slice(\n" +" lower=Constant(value=1),\n" +" upper=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('l[1:2, 3]', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='l', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Slice(\n" +" lower=Constant(value=1),\n" +" upper=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:705 +msgid "" +"Regular slicing (on the form ``lower:upper`` or ``lower:upper:step``). Can " +"occur only inside the *slice* field of :class:`Subscript`, either directly " +"or as an element of :class:`Tuple`." +msgstr "" +"常规切片 (形式如 ``lower:upper`` 或 ``lower:upper:step``)。 只能在 :class:`Subscript` 的 " +"*slice* 字段内部出现，可以是直接切片对象或是作为 :class:`Tuple` 的元素。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:709 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('l[1:2]', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='l', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Slice(\n" +" lower=Constant(value=1),\n" +" upper=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" ctx=Load()))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('l[1:2]', mode='eval'), indent=4))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='l', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Slice(\n" +" lower=Constant(value=1),\n" +" upper=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" ctx=Load()))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:722 +msgid "Comprehensions" +msgstr "推导式" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:729 +msgid "" +"List and set comprehensions, generator expressions, and dictionary " +"comprehensions. ``elt`` (or ``key`` and ``value``) is a single node " +"representing the part that will be evaluated for each item." +msgstr "" +"列表和集合推导式、生成器表达式以及字典推导式。 ``elt`` (或 ``key`` 和 ``value``) " +"是一个代表将针对每个条目被求值的部分的单独节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:733 +msgid "``generators`` is a list of :class:`comprehension` nodes." +msgstr "``generators`` 是一个由 :class:`comprehension` 节点组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:735 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(\n" +"... ast.parse('[x for x in numbers]', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4,\n" +"... ))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=ListComp(\n" +" elt=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='numbers', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(\n" +"... ast.parse('{x: x**2 for x in numbers}', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4,\n" +"... ))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=DictComp(\n" +" key=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" value=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Pow(),\n" +" right=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='numbers', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(\n" +"... ast.parse('{x for x in numbers}', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4,\n" +"... ))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=SetComp(\n" +" elt=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='numbers', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(\n" +"... ast.parse('[x for x in numbers]', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4,\n" +"... ))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=ListComp(\n" +" elt=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='numbers', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(\n" +"... ast.parse('{x: x**2 for x in numbers}', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4,\n" +"... ))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=DictComp(\n" +" key=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" value=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Pow(),\n" +" right=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='numbers', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(\n" +"... ast.parse('{x for x in numbers}', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4,\n" +"... ))\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=SetComp(\n" +" elt=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='numbers', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:781 +msgid "" +"One ``for`` clause in a comprehension. ``target`` is the reference to use " +"for each element - typically a :class:`Name` or :class:`Tuple` node. " +"``iter`` is the object to iterate over. ``ifs`` is a list of test " +"expressions: each ``for`` clause can have multiple ``ifs``." +msgstr "" +"推导式中的一个 ``for`` 子句。 ``target`` 是针对每个元素使用的引用 —— 通常为一个 :class:`Name` 或 " +":class:`Tuple` 节点。 ``iter`` 是要执行迭代的对象。 ``ifs`` 是一个由测试表达式组成的列表：每个 ``for`` " +"子句都可以拥有多个 ``ifs``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:786 +msgid "" +"``is_async`` indicates a comprehension is asynchronous (using an ``async " +"for`` instead of ``for``). The value is an integer (0 or 1)." +msgstr "" +"``is_async`` 表明推导式是异步的 (使用 ``async for`` 而不是 ``for``)。 它的值是一个整数 (0 或 1)。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:789 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('[ord(c) for line in file for c in line]', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4)) # Multiple comprehensions in one.\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=ListComp(\n" +" elt=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='ord', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='c', ctx=Load())]),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='line', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='file', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0),\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='c', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='line', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(n**2 for n in it if n>5 if n<10)', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4)) # generator comprehension\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=GeneratorExp(\n" +" elt=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='n', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Pow(),\n" +" right=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='n', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='it', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ifs=[\n" +" Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='n', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Gt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=5)]),\n" +" Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='n', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Lt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=10)])],\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('[i async for i in soc]', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4)) # Async comprehension\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=ListComp(\n" +" elt=Name(id='i', ctx=Load()),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='i', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='soc', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=1)]))" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('[ord(c) for line in file for c in line]', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4)) # 多个推导式合一。\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=ListComp(\n" +" elt=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='ord', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='c', ctx=Load())]),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='line', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='file', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0),\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='c', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='line', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(n**2 for n in it if n>5 if n<10)', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4)) # 生成器推导式\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=GeneratorExp(\n" +" elt=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='n', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Pow(),\n" +" right=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='n', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='it', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ifs=[\n" +" Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='n', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Gt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=5)]),\n" +" Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='n', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Lt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=10)])],\n" +" is_async=0)]))\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('[i async for i in soc]', mode='eval'),\n" +"... indent=4)) # 异步推导式\n" +"Expression(\n" +" body=ListComp(\n" +" elt=Name(id='i', ctx=Load()),\n" +" generators=[\n" +" comprehension(\n" +" target=Name(id='i', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='soc', ctx=Load()),\n" +" is_async=1)]))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:851 +msgid "Statements" +msgstr "语句" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:855 +msgid "" +"An assignment. ``targets`` is a list of nodes, and ``value`` is a single " +"node." +msgstr "一次赋值。 ``targets`` 是一个由节点组成的列表，而 ``value`` 是一个单独节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:857 +msgid "" +"Multiple nodes in ``targets`` represents assigning the same value to each. " +"Unpacking is represented by putting a :class:`Tuple` or :class:`List` within" +" ``targets``." +msgstr "" +"``targets`` 中有多个节点表示将同一个值赋给多个目标。 解包操作是通过在 ``targets`` 中放入一个 :class:`Tuple` 或" +" :class:`List` 来表示的。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:863 ../../library/ast.rst:1158 +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1352 ../../library/ast.rst:1881 +msgid "" +"``type_comment`` is an optional string with the type annotation as a " +"comment." +msgstr "``type_comment`` 是带有以注释表示的类型标注的可选的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:865 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a = b = 1'), indent=4)) # Multiple assignment\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" Name(id='b', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a,b = c'), indent=4)) # Unpacking\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" Name(id='b', ctx=Store())],\n" +" ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a = b = 1'), indent=4)) # 多重赋值\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" Name(id='b', ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Constant(value=1))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a,b = c'), indent=4)) # 解包\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assign(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" Name(id='b', ctx=Store())],\n" +" ctx=Store())],\n" +" value=Name(id='c', ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:891 +msgid "" +"An assignment with a type annotation. ``target`` is a single node and can be" +" a :class:`Name`, an :class:`Attribute` or a :class:`Subscript`. " +"``annotation`` is the annotation, such as a :class:`Constant` or " +":class:`Name` node. ``value`` is a single optional node." +msgstr "" +"带有类型标注的赋值。 ``target`` 是单独的节点并可以是一个 :class:`Name`, :class:`Attribute` 或 " +":class:`Subscript`。 ``annotation`` 是标注，例如一个 :class:`Constant` 或 " +":class:`Name` 节点。 ``value`` 是单独的可选节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:896 +msgid "" +"``simple`` is always either 0 (indicating a \"complex\" target) or 1 " +"(indicating a \"simple\" target). A \"simple\" target consists solely of a " +":class:`Name` node that does not appear between parentheses; all other " +"targets are considered complex. Only simple targets appear in the " +":attr:`~object.__annotations__` dictionary of modules and classes." +msgstr "" +"``simple`` 将始终为 0 (表示一个“复杂”目标) 或 1 (表示一个“简单”目标)。 “简单”目标仅由一个两边不带圆括号的 " +":class:`Name` 结点组成；所有其他目标均被视为复杂目标。 只有简单目标会出现在模块和类的 " +":attr:`~object.__annotations__` 字典中。 " + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:902 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('c: int'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Name(id='c', ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" simple=1)])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(a): int = 1'), indent=4)) # Annotation with parenthesis\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" value=Constant(value=1),\n" +" simple=0)])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a.b: int'), indent=4)) # Attribute annotation\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Attribute(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" attr='b',\n" +" ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" simple=0)])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a[1]: int'), indent=4)) # Subscript annotation\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Constant(value=1),\n" +" ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" simple=0)])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('c: int'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Name(id='c', ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" simple=1)])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('(a): int = 1'), indent=4)) # 带有圆括号的标注\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" value=Constant(value=1),\n" +" simple=0)])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a.b: int'), indent=4)) # 属性标注\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Attribute(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" attr='b',\n" +" ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" simple=0)])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('a[1]: int'), indent=4)) # 下标标注\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AnnAssign(\n" +" target=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Constant(value=1),\n" +" ctx=Store()),\n" +" annotation=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" simple=0)])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:946 +msgid "" +"Augmented assignment, such as ``a += 1``. In the following example, " +"``target`` is a :class:`Name` node for ``x`` (with the :class:`Store` " +"context), ``op`` is :class:`Add`, and ``value`` is a :class:`Constant` with " +"value for 1." +msgstr "" +"增强赋值，如 ``a += 1``。 在下面的例子中，``target`` 是一个针对 ``x`` (带有 :class:`Store` 上下文) 的 " +":class:`Name` 节点，``op`` 为 :class:`Add`，而 ``value`` 是一个值为 1 的 " +":class:`Constant`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:951 +msgid "" +"The ``target`` attribute cannot be of class :class:`Tuple` or :class:`List`," +" unlike the targets of :class:`Assign`." +msgstr "" +"``target`` 属性不可以是 :class:`Tuple` 或 :class:`List` 类，这与 :class:`Assign` 的目标不同。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:954 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x += 2'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AugAssign(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" op=Add(),\n" +" value=Constant(value=2))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('x += 2'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AugAssign(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" op=Add(),\n" +" value=Constant(value=2))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:967 +msgid "" +"A ``raise`` statement. ``exc`` is the exception object to be raised, " +"normally a :class:`Call` or :class:`Name`, or ``None`` for a standalone " +"``raise``. ``cause`` is the optional part for ``y`` in ``raise x from y``." +msgstr "" +"一条 ``raise`` 语句。 ``exc`` 是要引发的异常，对于一个单独的 ``raise`` 通常为 :class:`Call` 或 " +":class:`Name`，或者为 ``None``。 ``cause`` 是针对 ``raise x from y`` 中 ``y`` 的可选部分。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:971 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('raise x from y'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Raise(\n" +" exc=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cause=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('raise x from y'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Raise(\n" +" exc=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cause=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:983 +msgid "" +"An assertion. ``test`` holds the condition, such as a :class:`Compare` node." +" ``msg`` holds the failure message." +msgstr "一条断言。 ``test`` 保存条件，例如为一个 :class:`Compare` 节点。 ``msg`` 保存失败消息。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:986 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('assert x,y'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assert(\n" +" test=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" msg=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('assert x,y'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Assert(\n" +" test=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" msg=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Represents a ``del`` statement. ``targets`` is a list of nodes, such as " +":class:`Name`, :class:`Attribute` or :class:`Subscript` nodes." +msgstr "" +"代表一条 ``del`` 语句。 ``targets`` 是一个由节点组成的列表，例如 :class:`Name`, " +":class:`Attribute` 或 :class:`Subscript` 节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1001 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('del x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Delete(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Del()),\n" +" Name(id='y', ctx=Del()),\n" +" Name(id='z', ctx=Del())])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('del x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Delete(\n" +" targets=[\n" +" Name(id='x', ctx=Del()),\n" +" Name(id='y', ctx=Del()),\n" +" Name(id='z', ctx=Del())])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1015 +msgid "A ``pass`` statement." +msgstr "一条 ``pass`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1017 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('pass'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('pass'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"A :ref:`type alias ` created through the :keyword:`type` " +"statement. ``name`` is the name of the alias, ``type_params`` is a list of " +":ref:`type parameters `, and ``value`` is the value of the " +"type alias." +msgstr "" +"通过 :keyword:`type` 语句创建的 :ref:`类型别名 `。 ``name`` " +"是别名的名称，``type_params`` 是 :ref:`类型形参 ` 的列表，而 ``value`` " +"是类型别名的值。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1032 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('type Alias = int'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" value=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('type Alias = int'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" value=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"Other statements which are only applicable inside functions or loops are " +"described in other sections." +msgstr "其他仅在函数或循环内部可用的语句将在其他小节中描述。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1047 +msgid "Imports" +msgstr "导入" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1051 +msgid "An import statement. ``names`` is a list of :class:`alias` nodes." +msgstr "一条导入语句。 ``names`` 是一个由 :class:`alias` 节点组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1053 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('import x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Import(\n" +" names=[\n" +" alias(name='x'),\n" +" alias(name='y'),\n" +" alias(name='z')])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('import x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Import(\n" +" names=[\n" +" alias(name='x'),\n" +" alias(name='y'),\n" +" alias(name='z')])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1067 +msgid "" +"Represents ``from x import y``. ``module`` is a raw string of the 'from' " +"name, without any leading dots, or ``None`` for statements such as ``from . " +"import foo``. ``level`` is an integer holding the level of the relative " +"import (0 means absolute import)." +msgstr "" +"代表 ``from x import y``。 ``module`` 是一个 'from' 名称的原始字符串，不带任何前导点号，或者为 ``None``" +" 表示 ``from . import foo`` 这样的语句。 ``level`` 是一个保存相对导入层级的整数（0 表示绝对导入）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1072 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('from y import x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" ImportFrom(\n" +" module='y',\n" +" names=[\n" +" alias(name='x'),\n" +" alias(name='y'),\n" +" alias(name='z')],\n" +" level=0)])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('from y import x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" ImportFrom(\n" +" module='y',\n" +" names=[\n" +" alias(name='x'),\n" +" alias(name='y'),\n" +" alias(name='z')],\n" +" level=0)])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"Both parameters are raw strings of the names. ``asname`` can be ``None`` if " +"the regular name is to be used." +msgstr "两个形参均为名称的原始字符串。 如果要使用常规名称则 ``asname`` 可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1091 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('from ..foo.bar import a as b, c'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" ImportFrom(\n" +" module='foo.bar',\n" +" names=[\n" +" alias(name='a', asname='b'),\n" +" alias(name='c')],\n" +" level=2)])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('from ..foo.bar import a as b, c'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" ImportFrom(\n" +" module='foo.bar',\n" +" names=[\n" +" alias(name='a', asname='b'),\n" +" alias(name='c')],\n" +" level=2)])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1104 +msgid "Control flow" +msgstr "控制流" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Optional clauses such as ``else`` are stored as an empty list if they're not" +" present." +msgstr "可选的子句如 ``else`` 如果不存在则会被存储为一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1112 +msgid "" +"An ``if`` statement. ``test`` holds a single node, such as a " +":class:`Compare` node. ``body`` and ``orelse`` each hold a list of nodes." +msgstr "" +"一条 ``if`` 语句。 ``test`` 保存一个单独节点，如一个 :class:`Compare` 节点。 ``body`` 和 " +"``orelse`` 各自保存一个节点列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"``elif`` clauses don't have a special representation in the AST, but rather " +"appear as extra :class:`If` nodes within the ``orelse`` section of the " +"previous one." +msgstr "" +"``elif`` 子句在 AST 中没有特别的表示形式，而是作为上文介绍的 ``orelse`` 部分之内的一个额外 :class:`If` 节点出现。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1119 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... if x:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... elif y:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" If(\n" +" test=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" If(\n" +" test=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... if x:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... elif y:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" If(\n" +" test=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" If(\n" +" test=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1149 +msgid "" +"A ``for`` loop. ``target`` holds the variable(s) the loop assigns to, as a " +"single :class:`Name`, :class:`Tuple`, :class:`List`, :class:`Attribute` or " +":class:`Subscript` node. ``iter`` holds the item to be looped over, again as" +" a single node. ``body`` and ``orelse`` contain lists of nodes to execute. " +"Those in ``orelse`` are executed if the loop finishes normally, rather than " +"via a ``break`` statement." +msgstr "" +"一个 ``for`` 循环。 ``target`` 保存循环赋值的变量，是一个单独的 :class:`Name`, :class:`Tuple`, " +":class:`List`, :class:`Attribute` 或 :class:`Subscript` 节点。 ``iter`` " +"保存要被循环的条目，同样也是一个单独节点。 ``body`` 和 ``orelse`` 包含要执行的节点列表。 ``orelse`` " +"中的语句会在循环正常结束时被执行，而不是通过 ``break`` 语句执行。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1160 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... for x in y:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" For(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... for x in y:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" For(\n" +" target=Name(id='x', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='y', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"A ``while`` loop. ``test`` holds the condition, such as a :class:`Compare` " +"node." +msgstr "一个 ``while`` 循环。 ``test`` 保存条件，如一个 :class:`Compare` 节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1186 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... while x:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" While(\n" +" test=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... while x:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" While(\n" +" test=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1209 +msgid "The ``break`` and ``continue`` statements." +msgstr "``break`` 和 ``continue`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1211 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... for a in b:\n" +"... if a > 5:\n" +"... break\n" +"... else:\n" +"... continue\n" +"...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" For(\n" +" target=Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='b', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" If(\n" +" test=Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Gt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=5)]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Break()],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Continue()])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... for a in b:\n" +"... if a > 5:\n" +"... break\n" +"... else:\n" +"... continue\n" +"...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" For(\n" +" target=Name(id='a', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Name(id='b', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" If(\n" +" test=Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Gt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=5)]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Break()],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Continue()])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1242 +msgid "" +"``try`` blocks. All attributes are list of nodes to execute, except for " +"``handlers``, which is a list of :class:`ExceptHandler` nodes." +msgstr "" +"``try`` 代码块。 所有属性都是要执行的节点列表，除了 ``handlers``，它是一个 :class:`ExceptHandler` " +"节点列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1245 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... try:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... except Exception:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... except OtherException as e:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Try(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" handlers=[\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='Exception', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='OtherException', ctx=Load()),\n" +" name='e',\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" finalbody=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... try:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... except Exception:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... except OtherException as e:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... else:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Try(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" handlers=[\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='Exception', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='OtherException', ctx=Load()),\n" +" name='e',\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])],\n" +" orelse=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" finalbody=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"``try`` blocks which are followed by ``except*`` clauses. The attributes are" +" the same as for :class:`Try` but the :class:`ExceptHandler` nodes in " +"``handlers`` are interpreted as ``except*`` blocks rather then ``except``." +msgstr "" +"``try`` 代码块后带有 ``except*`` 子句。 包含的属性与 :class:`Try` 的相同但 " +":class:`ExceptHandler` 节点在 ``handlers`` 中会被解读为 ``except*`` 而不是 ``except`` " +"代码块。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1291 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... try:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... except* Exception:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TryStar(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" handlers=[\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='Exception', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... try:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... except* Exception:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TryStar(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],\n" +" handlers=[\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='Exception', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1316 +msgid "" +"A single ``except`` clause. ``type`` is the exception type it will match, " +"typically a :class:`Name` node (or ``None`` for a catch-all ``except:`` " +"clause). ``name`` is a raw string for the name to hold the exception, or " +"``None`` if the clause doesn't have ``as foo``. ``body`` is a list of nodes." +msgstr "" +"一个单独的 ``except`` 子句。 ``type`` 是它将匹配的异常，通常为一个 :class:`Name` 节点（或 ``None`` " +"表示捕获全部的 ``except:`` 子句）。 ``name`` 是一个用于存放异常的别名的原始字符串，或者如果子句没有 ``as foo`` 则为 " +"``None``。 ``body`` 为一个节点列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1321 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... try:\n" +"... a + 1\n" +"... except TypeError:\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Try(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Add(),\n" +" right=Constant(value=1)))],\n" +" handlers=[\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='TypeError', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... try:\n" +"... a + 1\n" +"... except TypeError:\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Try(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=BinOp(\n" +" left=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" op=Add(),\n" +" right=Constant(value=1)))],\n" +" handlers=[\n" +" ExceptHandler(\n" +" type=Name(id='TypeError', ctx=Load()),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"A ``with`` block. ``items`` is a list of :class:`withitem` nodes " +"representing the context managers, and ``body`` is the indented block inside" +" the context." +msgstr "" +"一个 ``with`` 代码块。 ``items`` 是一个代表上下文管理器的 :class:`withitem` 节点列表，而 ``body`` " +"是该上下文中的缩进代码块。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1357 +msgid "" +"A single context manager in a ``with`` block. ``context_expr`` is the " +"context manager, often a :class:`Call` node. ``optional_vars`` is a " +":class:`Name`, :class:`Tuple` or :class:`List` for the ``as foo`` part, or " +"``None`` if that isn't used." +msgstr "" +"一个 ``with`` 代码块中单独的上下文管理器。 ``context_expr`` 为上下文管理器，通常为一个 :class:`Call` 节点。 " +"``optional_vars`` 为一个针对 ``as foo`` 部分的 :class:`Name`, :class:`Tuple` 或 " +":class:`List`，或者如果未使用别名则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1362 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... with a as b, c as d:\n" +"... something(b, d)\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" With(\n" +" items=[\n" +" withitem(\n" +" context_expr=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" optional_vars=Name(id='b', ctx=Store())),\n" +" withitem(\n" +" context_expr=Name(id='c', ctx=Load()),\n" +" optional_vars=Name(id='d', ctx=Store()))],\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='something', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='b', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='d', ctx=Load())]))])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... with a as b, c as d:\n" +"... something(b, d)\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" With(\n" +" items=[\n" +" withitem(\n" +" context_expr=Name(id='a', ctx=Load()),\n" +" optional_vars=Name(id='b', ctx=Store())),\n" +" withitem(\n" +" context_expr=Name(id='c', ctx=Load()),\n" +" optional_vars=Name(id='d', ctx=Store()))],\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='something', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[\n" +" Name(id='b', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='d', ctx=Load())]))])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1388 +msgid "Pattern matching" +msgstr "模式匹配" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"A ``match`` statement. ``subject`` holds the subject of the match (the " +"object that is being matched against the cases) and ``cases`` contains an " +"iterable of :class:`match_case` nodes with the different cases." +msgstr "" +"一条 ``match`` 语句。 ``subject`` 保存匹配的目标（与 cases 相匹配的对象）而 ``cases`` 包含一个由不同分支的 " +":class:`match_case` 节点组成的可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"A single case pattern in a ``match`` statement. ``pattern`` contains the " +"match pattern that the subject will be matched against. Note that the " +":class:`AST` nodes produced for patterns differ from those produced for " +"expressions, even when they share the same syntax." +msgstr "" +"一个 ``match`` 语句中单独的 case 模式。 ``pattern`` 包含目标将要去匹配的匹配模式。 请注意针对模式所产生的 " +":class:`AST` 节点不同于针对表达式所产生的节点，即使它们共享相同的语法。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"The ``guard`` attribute contains an expression that will be evaluated if the" +" pattern matches the subject." +msgstr "``guard`` 属性包含一个当模式与目标相匹配时将被求值的表达式。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1409 +msgid "" +"``body`` contains a list of nodes to execute if the pattern matches and the " +"result of evaluating the guard expression is true." +msgstr "``body`` 包含一个当模式匹配并且对 guard 表达式求值的结果为真时要执行的节点列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1412 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [x] if x>0:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case tuple():\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(name='x')]),\n" +" guard=Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Gt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=0)]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchClass(\n" +" cls=Name(id='tuple', ctx=Load())),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [x] if x>0:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case tuple():\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(name='x')]),\n" +" guard=Compare(\n" +" left=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ops=[\n" +" Gt()],\n" +" comparators=[\n" +" Constant(value=0)]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchClass(\n" +" cls=Name(id='tuple', ctx=Load())),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1450 +msgid "" +"A match literal or value pattern that compares by equality. ``value`` is an " +"expression node. Permitted value nodes are restricted as described in the " +"match statement documentation. This pattern succeeds if the match subject is" +" equal to the evaluated value." +msgstr "" +"一个按相等性进行比较的匹配字面值或值模式。 ``value`` 为一个表达式节点。 允许的值节点被限制为 match 语句文档中所描述的节点。 " +"如果匹配目标等于 value 的求值结果则模式匹配成功。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1455 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case \"Relevant\":\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value='Relevant')),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case \"Relevant\":\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value='Relevant')),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1478 +msgid "" +"A match literal pattern that compares by identity. ``value`` is the " +"singleton to be compared against: ``None``, ``True``, or ``False``. This " +"pattern succeeds if the match subject is the given constant." +msgstr "" +"一个按标识号进行比较的匹配字面值模式。 ``value`` 为用于比较的单例对象: ``None``, ``True`` 或 ``False``。 " +"如果匹配目标为给定的常量则该模式匹配成功。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1482 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case None:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSingleton(value=None),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case None:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSingleton(value=None),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"A match sequence pattern. ``patterns`` contains the patterns to be matched " +"against the subject elements if the subject is a sequence. Matches a " +"variable length sequence if one of the subpatterns is a ``MatchStar`` node, " +"otherwise matches a fixed length sequence." +msgstr "" +"一个匹配序列模式。 ``patterns`` 包含当目标为一个序列时要与目标元素进行匹配的模式。 如果某一子模式为 ``MatchStar`` " +"节点则将匹配一个变长度序列，否则将匹配一个固定长度序列。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1509 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [1, 2]:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=1)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=2))]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [1, 2]:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=1)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=2))]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"Matches the rest of the sequence in a variable length match sequence " +"pattern. If ``name`` is not ``None``, a list containing the remaining " +"sequence elements is bound to that name if the overall sequence pattern is " +"successful." +msgstr "" +"匹配一个可变长度匹配序列模式中的剩余部分序列。 如果 ``name`` 不为 " +"``None``，则当整个序列模式匹配成功时将把一个包含剩余序列元素的列表绑定到该名称。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1540 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [1, 2, *rest]:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case [*_]:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=1)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" MatchStar(name='rest')]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchStar()]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [1, 2, *rest]:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case [*_]:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=1)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=2)),\n" +" MatchStar(name='rest')]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchStar()]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1577 +msgid "" +"A match mapping pattern. ``keys`` is a sequence of expression nodes. " +"``patterns`` is a corresponding sequence of pattern nodes. ``rest`` is an " +"optional name that can be specified to capture the remaining mapping " +"elements. Permitted key expressions are restricted as described in the match" +" statement documentation." +msgstr "" +"一个匹配的映射模式。 ``keys`` 为一个由表达式节点组成的序列。 ``patterns`` 为一个由对应的模式节点组成的序列。 ``rest`` " +"是一个可被指定用来捕获剩余映射元素的可选名称。 允许的关键字表达式被限制为与 match 语句文档中所描述的一致。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"This pattern succeeds if the subject is a mapping, all evaluated key " +"expressions are present in the mapping, and the value corresponding to each " +"key matches the corresponding subpattern. If ``rest`` is not ``None``, a " +"dict containing the remaining mapping elements is bound to that name if the " +"overall mapping pattern is successful." +msgstr "" +"如果目标为一个映射、所有被求值的表达式都存在于该映射中，并且对应于每个键的值都与对应的子模式相匹配则此模式匹配成功。 如果 ``rest`` 不为 " +"``None``，则当整个映射模式匹配成功时会将一个包含剩余映射元素的字典绑定到该名称。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1589 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case {1: _, 2: _}:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case {**rest}:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchMapping(\n" +" keys=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2)],\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(),\n" +" MatchAs()]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchMapping(rest='rest'),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case {1: _, 2: _}:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case {**rest}:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchMapping(\n" +" keys=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2)],\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(),\n" +" MatchAs()]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchMapping(rest='rest'),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1624 +msgid "" +"A match class pattern. ``cls`` is an expression giving the nominal class to " +"be matched. ``patterns`` is a sequence of pattern nodes to be matched " +"against the class defined sequence of pattern matching attributes. " +"``kwd_attrs`` is a sequence of additional attributes to be matched " +"(specified as keyword arguments in the class pattern), ``kwd_patterns`` are " +"the corresponding patterns (specified as keyword values in the class " +"pattern)." +msgstr "" +"一个 match 类模式。 ``cls`` 为一个给出要匹配的名义类的表达式。 ``patterns`` " +"为一个由要与该类所定义的模式匹配属性相匹配的模式节点组成的序列。 ``kwd_attrs`` " +"为一个由要匹配的附加属性（指定为该类模式中的关键字参数）组成的序列，``kwd_patterns`` 为对应的模式（指定为该类模式中的关键字值）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1631 +msgid "" +"This pattern succeeds if the subject is an instance of the nominated class, " +"all positional patterns match the corresponding class-defined attributes, " +"and any specified keyword attributes match their corresponding pattern." +msgstr "如果目标为被指名类的一个实例、所有的位置模式都与对应的类定义属性相匹配，并且任何被指定的关键字属性都与其对应的模式相匹配则此模式匹配成功。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1635 +msgid "" +"Note: classes may define a property that returns self in order to match a " +"pattern node against the instance being matched. Several builtin types are " +"also matched that way, as described in the match statement documentation." +msgstr "" +"注意：类可能会定义一个返回自身的特征属性以便能将一个模式节点与被匹配的实例相匹配。 某些内置类型也是以这种方式来匹配的，与 match " +"语句文档中所描述的一致。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1639 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case Point2D(0, 0):\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case Point3D(x=0, y=0, z=0):\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchClass(\n" +" cls=Name(id='Point2D', ctx=Load()),\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0))]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchClass(\n" +" cls=Name(id='Point3D', ctx=Load()),\n" +" kwd_attrs=[\n" +" 'x',\n" +" 'y',\n" +" 'z'],\n" +" kwd_patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0))]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case Point2D(0, 0):\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case Point3D(x=0, y=0, z=0):\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchClass(\n" +" cls=Name(id='Point2D', ctx=Load()),\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0))]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchClass(\n" +" cls=Name(id='Point3D', ctx=Load()),\n" +" kwd_attrs=[\n" +" 'x',\n" +" 'y',\n" +" 'z'],\n" +" kwd_patterns=[\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0)),\n" +" MatchValue(\n" +" value=Constant(value=0))]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1686 +msgid "" +"A match \"as-pattern\", capture pattern or wildcard pattern. ``pattern`` " +"contains the match pattern that the subject will be matched against. If the " +"pattern is ``None``, the node represents a capture pattern (i.e a bare name)" +" and will always succeed." +msgstr "" +"一个匹配 \"as-模式\"、捕获模式或通配符模式。 ``pattern`` 包含将要与目标相匹配的匹配模式。 如果模式为 " +"``None``，则该节点代表一个捕获模式（即一个简单的名称）并将总是会成功。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1691 +msgid "" +"The ``name`` attribute contains the name that will be bound if the pattern " +"is successful. If ``name`` is ``None``, ``pattern`` must also be ``None`` " +"and the node represents the wildcard pattern." +msgstr "" +"``name`` 属性包含当模式匹配成功时将要绑定的名称。 如果 ``name`` 为 ``None``，则 ``pattern`` 也必须为 " +"``None`` 并且该节点代表的是通配符模式。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1695 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [x] as y:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case _:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchAs(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(name='x')]),\n" +" name='y'),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchAs(),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [x] as y:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... case _:\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchAs(\n" +" pattern=MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(name='x')]),\n" +" name='y'),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))]),\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchAs(),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1728 +msgid "" +"A match \"or-pattern\". An or-pattern matches each of its subpatterns in " +"turn to the subject, until one succeeds. The or-pattern is then deemed to " +"succeed. If none of the subpatterns succeed the or-pattern fails. The " +"``patterns`` attribute contains a list of match pattern nodes that will be " +"matched against the subject." +msgstr "" +"一个匹配 \"or-模式\"。 or-模式会依次将其每个子模式与目标相匹配，直到有一个匹配成功。 此时该 or-模式将被视为匹配成功。 " +"如果没有一个子模式匹配成功则该 or-模式匹配失败。 ``patterns`` 属性包含一个由将与目标相匹配的匹配模式节点组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1734 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [x] | (y):\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchOr(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(name='x')]),\n" +" MatchAs(name='y')]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"... match x:\n" +"... case [x] | (y):\n" +"... ...\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Match(\n" +" subject=Name(id='x', ctx=Load()),\n" +" cases=[\n" +" match_case(\n" +" pattern=MatchOr(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchSequence(\n" +" patterns=[\n" +" MatchAs(name='x')]),\n" +" MatchAs(name='y')]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1762 +msgid "Type parameters" +msgstr "类型形参" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1764 +msgid "" +":ref:`Type parameters ` can exist on classes, functions, and " +"type aliases." +msgstr ":ref:`类型形参 ` 可以存在于类、函数和类型别名中。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1769 +msgid "" +"A :class:`typing.TypeVar`. ``name`` is the name of the type variable. " +"``bound`` is the bound or constraints, if any. If ``bound`` is a " +":class:`Tuple`, it represents constraints; otherwise it represents the " +"bound. ``default_value`` is the default value; if the :class:`!TypeVar` has " +"no default, this attribute will be set to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`typing.TypeVar`。 ``name`` 是类型变量的名称。 ``bound`` 是边界或约束，如果有的话。 如果 " +"``bound`` 是一个 :class:`Tuple`，则它是表示约束；否则它是表示边界。 ``default_value`` 是默认值；如果 " +":class:`!TypeVar` 没有默认值，该属性将被设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1775 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"type Alias[T: int = bool] = list[T]\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" type_params=[\n" +" TypeVar(\n" +" name='T',\n" +" bound=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" default_value=Name(id='bool', ctx=Load()))],\n" +" value=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='list', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Name(id='T', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"type Alias[T: int = bool] = list[T]\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" type_params=[\n" +" TypeVar(\n" +" name='T',\n" +" bound=Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" default_value=Name(id='bool', ctx=Load()))],\n" +" value=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='list', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Name(id='T', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1794 ../../library/ast.rst:1829 +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1861 +msgid "Added the *default_value* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *default_value* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"A :class:`typing.ParamSpec`. ``name`` is the name of the parameter " +"specification. ``default_value`` is the default value; if the " +":class:`!ParamSpec` has no default, this attribute will be set to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`typing.ParamSpec`。 ``name`` 是形参规则说明的名称。 ``default_value`` 是默认值；如果" +" :class:`!ParamSpec` 没有默认值，该属性将被设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1803 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"type Alias[**P = [int, str]] = Callable[P, int]\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" type_params=[\n" +" ParamSpec(\n" +" name='P',\n" +" default_value=List(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='str', ctx=Load())],\n" +" ctx=Load()))],\n" +" value=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='Callable', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='P', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='int', ctx=Load())],\n" +" ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"type Alias[**P = [int, str]] = Callable[P, int]\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" type_params=[\n" +" ParamSpec(\n" +" name='P',\n" +" default_value=List(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='int', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='str', ctx=Load())],\n" +" ctx=Load()))],\n" +" value=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='Callable', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Name(id='P', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='int', ctx=Load())],\n" +" ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1834 +msgid "" +"A :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple`. ``name`` is the name of the type variable " +"tuple. ``default_value`` is the default value; if the :class:`!TypeVarTuple`" +" has no default, this attribute will be set to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple`。 ``name`` 是类型变量元组的名称。 ``default_value`` " +"是默认值；如果 :class:`!TypeVarTuple` 没有默认值，该属性将被设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1838 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"type Alias[*Ts = ()] = tuple[*Ts]\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" type_params=[\n" +" TypeVarTuple(\n" +" name='Ts',\n" +" default_value=Tuple(ctx=Load()))],\n" +" value=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='tuple', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Starred(\n" +" value=Name(id='Ts', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load())],\n" +" ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"type Alias[*Ts = ()] = tuple[*Ts]\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" TypeAlias(\n" +" name=Name(id='Alias', ctx=Store()),\n" +" type_params=[\n" +" TypeVarTuple(\n" +" name='Ts',\n" +" default_value=Tuple(ctx=Load()))],\n" +" value=Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='tuple', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Tuple(\n" +" elts=[\n" +" Starred(\n" +" value=Name(id='Ts', ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load())],\n" +" ctx=Load()),\n" +" ctx=Load()))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1865 +msgid "Function and class definitions" +msgstr "函数与类定义" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1869 +msgid "A function definition." +msgstr "一个函数定义。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1871 +msgid "``name`` is a raw string of the function name." +msgstr "``name`` 是函数名称的原始字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1872 +msgid "``args`` is an :class:`arguments` node." +msgstr "``args`` 是一个 :class:`arguments` 节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1873 +msgid "``body`` is the list of nodes inside the function." +msgstr "``body`` 是函数内部的节点列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1874 +msgid "" +"``decorator_list`` is the list of decorators to be applied, stored outermost" +" first (i.e. the first in the list will be applied last)." +msgstr "``decorator_list`` 是要应用的装饰器列表，最外层的最先保存（即列表中的第一项将最后被应用）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1876 +msgid "``returns`` is the return annotation." +msgstr "``returns`` 是返回标注。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1877 ../../library/ast.rst:2040 +msgid "``type_params`` is a list of :ref:`type parameters `." +msgstr "``type_params`` 是一个 :ref:`类型形参 ` 的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1883 ../../library/ast.rst:2067 +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2078 +msgid "Added ``type_params``." +msgstr "增加了 ``type_params``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1889 +msgid "" +"``lambda`` is a minimal function definition that can be used inside an " +"expression. Unlike :class:`FunctionDef`, ``body`` holds a single node." +msgstr "" +"``lambda`` 是可在表达式内部使用的最小化函数定义。 不同于 :class:`FunctionDef`，``body`` 是保存一个单独节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1892 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('lambda x,y: ...'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Lambda(\n" +" args=arguments(\n" +" args=[\n" +" arg(arg='x'),\n" +" arg(arg='y')]),\n" +" body=Constant(value=Ellipsis)))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('lambda x,y: ...'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Lambda(\n" +" args=arguments(\n" +" args=[\n" +" arg(arg='x'),\n" +" arg(arg='y')]),\n" +" body=Constant(value=Ellipsis)))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1908 +msgid "The arguments for a function." +msgstr "函数的参数。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1910 +msgid "" +"``posonlyargs``, ``args`` and ``kwonlyargs`` are lists of :class:`arg` " +"nodes." +msgstr "``posonlyargs``, ``args`` 和 ``kwonlyargs`` 均为 :class:`arg` 节点的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1911 +msgid "" +"``vararg`` and ``kwarg`` are single :class:`arg` nodes, referring to the " +"``*args, **kwargs`` parameters." +msgstr "" +"``vararg`` 和 ``kwarg`` 均为单独的 :class:`arg` 节点，指向 ``*args, **kwargs`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1913 +msgid "" +"``kw_defaults`` is a list of default values for keyword-only arguments. If " +"one is ``None``, the corresponding argument is required." +msgstr "``kw_defaults`` 是一个由仅限关键字参数默认值组成的列表。 如果有一个为 ``None``，则对应的参数为必须的参数。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1915 +msgid "" +"``defaults`` is a list of default values for arguments that can be passed " +"positionally. If there are fewer defaults, they correspond to the last n " +"arguments." +msgstr "``defaults`` 是一个由可按位置传入的参数的默认值组成的列表。 如果默认值个数少于参数个数，则它们将对应最后 n 个参数。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1922 +msgid "" +"A single argument in a list. ``arg`` is a raw string of the argument name; " +"``annotation`` is its annotation, such as a :class:`Name` node." +msgstr "" +"列表中的一个单独参数。 ``arg`` 为参数名称原始字符串；``annotation`` 为其标，如一个 :class:`Name` 节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1927 +msgid "" +"``type_comment`` is an optional string with the type annotation as a comment" +msgstr "``type_comment`` 是一个可选的将注释用作类型标注的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1929 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... @decorator1\n" +"... @decorator2\n" +"... def f(a: 'annotation', b=1, c=2, *d, e, f=3, **g) -> 'return annotation':\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" FunctionDef(\n" +" name='f',\n" +" args=arguments(\n" +" args=[\n" +" arg(\n" +" arg='a',\n" +" annotation=Constant(value='annotation')),\n" +" arg(arg='b'),\n" +" arg(arg='c')],\n" +" vararg=arg(arg='d'),\n" +" kwonlyargs=[\n" +" arg(arg='e'),\n" +" arg(arg='f')],\n" +" kw_defaults=[\n" +" None,\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" kwarg=arg(arg='g'),\n" +" defaults=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2)]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()],\n" +" decorator_list=[\n" +" Name(id='decorator1', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='decorator2', ctx=Load())],\n" +" returns=Constant(value='return annotation'))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... @decorator1\n" +"... @decorator2\n" +"... def f(a: 'annotation', b=1, c=2, *d, e, f=3, **g) -> 'return annotation':\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" FunctionDef(\n" +" name='f',\n" +" args=arguments(\n" +" args=[\n" +" arg(\n" +" arg='a',\n" +" annotation=Constant(value='annotation')),\n" +" arg(arg='b'),\n" +" arg(arg='c')],\n" +" vararg=arg(arg='d'),\n" +" kwonlyargs=[\n" +" arg(arg='e'),\n" +" arg(arg='f')],\n" +" kw_defaults=[\n" +" None,\n" +" Constant(value=3)],\n" +" kwarg=arg(arg='g'),\n" +" defaults=[\n" +" Constant(value=1),\n" +" Constant(value=2)]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()],\n" +" decorator_list=[\n" +" Name(id='decorator1', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='decorator2', ctx=Load())],\n" +" returns=Constant(value='return annotation'))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1969 +msgid "A ``return`` statement." +msgstr "一条 ``return`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1971 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('return 4'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Return(\n" +" value=Constant(value=4))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('return 4'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Return(\n" +" value=Constant(value=4))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1983 +msgid "" +"A ``yield`` or ``yield from`` expression. Because these are expressions, " +"they must be wrapped in an :class:`Expr` node if the value sent back is not " +"used." +msgstr "" +"一个 ``yield`` 或 ``yield from`` 表达式。 因为这些属性表达式，所以如果发回的值未被使用则必须将它们包装在 " +":class:`Expr` 节点中。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:1986 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('yield x'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Yield(\n" +" value=Name(id='x', ctx=Load())))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('yield from x'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=YieldFrom(\n" +" value=Name(id='x', ctx=Load())))])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('yield x'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Yield(\n" +" value=Name(id='x', ctx=Load())))])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('yield from x'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=YieldFrom(\n" +" value=Name(id='x', ctx=Load())))])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2006 +msgid "" +"``global`` and ``nonlocal`` statements. ``names`` is a list of raw strings." +msgstr "``global`` 和 ``nonlocal`` 语句。 ``names`` 为一个由原始字符串组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2008 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('global x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Global(\n" +" names=[\n" +" 'x',\n" +" 'y',\n" +" 'z'])])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('nonlocal x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Nonlocal(\n" +" names=[\n" +" 'x',\n" +" 'y',\n" +" 'z'])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('global x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Global(\n" +" names=[\n" +" 'x',\n" +" 'y',\n" +" 'z'])])\n" +"\n" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse('nonlocal x,y,z'), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" Nonlocal(\n" +" names=[\n" +" 'x',\n" +" 'y',\n" +" 'z'])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2031 +msgid "A class definition." +msgstr "一个类定义。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2033 +msgid "``name`` is a raw string for the class name" +msgstr "``name`` 为类名称的原始字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2034 +msgid "``bases`` is a list of nodes for explicitly specified base classes." +msgstr "``bases`` 为一个由显式指明的基类节点组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2035 +msgid "" +"``keywords`` is a list of :class:`.keyword` nodes, principally for " +"'metaclass'. Other keywords will be passed to the metaclass, as per " +":pep:`3115`." +msgstr "" +"``keywords`` 是一个 :class:`.keyword` 节点的列表，主要用于‘元类’。 其他关键字将被传给相应的元类，参见 " +":pep:`3115`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2037 +msgid "" +"``body`` is a list of nodes representing the code within the class " +"definition." +msgstr "``body`` 是一个由代表类定义内部代码的节点组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2039 +msgid "``decorator_list`` is a list of nodes, as in :class:`FunctionDef`." +msgstr "``decorator_list`` 是一个节点的列表，与 :class:`FunctionDef` 中的一致。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2042 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... @decorator1\n" +"... @decorator2\n" +"... class Foo(base1, base2, metaclass=meta):\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" ClassDef(\n" +" name='Foo',\n" +" bases=[\n" +" Name(id='base1', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='base2', ctx=Load())],\n" +" keywords=[\n" +" keyword(\n" +" arg='metaclass',\n" +" value=Name(id='meta', ctx=Load()))],\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()],\n" +" decorator_list=[\n" +" Name(id='decorator1', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='decorator2', ctx=Load())])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... @decorator1\n" +"... @decorator2\n" +"... class Foo(base1, base2, metaclass=meta):\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" ClassDef(\n" +" name='Foo',\n" +" bases=[\n" +" Name(id='base1', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='base2', ctx=Load())],\n" +" keywords=[\n" +" keyword(\n" +" arg='metaclass',\n" +" value=Name(id='meta', ctx=Load()))],\n" +" body=[\n" +" Pass()],\n" +" decorator_list=[\n" +" Name(id='decorator1', ctx=Load()),\n" +" Name(id='decorator2', ctx=Load())])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2071 +msgid "Async and await" +msgstr "async 与 await" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2075 +msgid "" +"An ``async def`` function definition. Has the same fields as " +":class:`FunctionDef`." +msgstr "一个 ``async def`` 函数定义。 具有与 :class:`FunctionDef` 相同的字段。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2084 +msgid "" +"An ``await`` expression. ``value`` is what it waits for. Only valid in the " +"body of an :class:`AsyncFunctionDef`." +msgstr "" +"一个 ``await`` 表达式。 ``value`` 是它所等待的值。 仅在 :class:`AsyncFunctionDef` 的函数体内可用。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2087 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... async def f():\n" +"... await other_func()\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AsyncFunctionDef(\n" +" name='f',\n" +" args=arguments(),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Await(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='other_func', ctx=Load()))))])])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... async def f():\n" +"... await other_func()\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AsyncFunctionDef(\n" +" name='f',\n" +" args=arguments(),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Await(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='other_func', ctx=Load()))))])])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2108 +msgid "" +"``async for`` loops and ``async with`` context managers. They have the same " +"fields as :class:`For` and :class:`With`, respectively. Only valid in the " +"body of an :class:`AsyncFunctionDef`." +msgstr "" +"``async for`` 循环和 ``async with`` 上下文管理器。 它们分别具有与 :class:`For` 和 " +":class:`With` 相同的字段。 仅在 :class:`AsyncFunctionDef` 的函数体内可用。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2113 +msgid "" +"When a string is parsed by :func:`ast.parse`, operator nodes (subclasses of " +":class:`ast.operator`, :class:`ast.unaryop`, :class:`ast.cmpop`, " +":class:`ast.boolop` and :class:`ast.expr_context`) on the returned tree will" +" be singletons. Changes to one will be reflected in all other occurrences of" +" the same value (e.g. :class:`ast.Add`)." +msgstr "" +"当一个字符串由 :func:`ast.parse` 来解析时，所返回的树中的运算符节点 (为 :class:`ast.operator`, " +":class:`ast.unaryop`, :class:`ast.cmpop`, :class:`ast.boolop` 和 " +":class:`ast.expr_context` 的子类) 将均为单例对象。 对其中某一个 (例如 :class:`ast.Add`) " +"的修改将反映到同一个值所出现的其他位置上。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2121 +msgid ":mod:`ast` Helpers" +msgstr ":mod:`ast` 中的辅助函数" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2123 +msgid "" +"Apart from the node classes, the :mod:`ast` module defines these utility " +"functions and classes for traversing abstract syntax trees:" +msgstr "除了节点类， :mod:`ast` 模块里为遍历抽象语法树定义了这些工具函数和类:" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2128 +msgid "" +"Parse the source into an AST node. Equivalent to ``compile(source, " +"filename, mode, flags=FLAGS_VALUE, optimize=optimize)``, where " +"``FLAGS_VALUE`` is ``ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST`` if ``optimize <= 0`` and " +"``ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"将 source 解析为一个 AST 节点。 等价于 ``compile(source, filename, mode, " +"flags=FLAGS_VALUE, optimize=optimize)``，其中当 ``optimize <= 0`` 时 " +"``FLAGS_VALUE`` 为 ``ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST`` 否则为 ``ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2133 +msgid "" +"If ``type_comments=True`` is given, the parser is modified to check and " +"return type comments as specified by :pep:`484` and :pep:`526`. This is " +"equivalent to adding :data:`ast.PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` to the flags passed to " +":func:`compile`. This will report syntax errors for misplaced type " +"comments. Without this flag, type comments will be ignored, and the " +"``type_comment`` field on selected AST nodes will always be ``None``. In " +"addition, the locations of ``# type: ignore`` comments will be returned as " +"the ``type_ignores`` attribute of :class:`Module` (otherwise it is always an" +" empty list)." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 ``type_comments=True``，解析器会被修改只检查并返回 :pep:`484` 和 :pep:`526` 所规定的类型注释。 " +"这相当于将 :data:`ast.PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` 添加到传给 :func:`compile` 的旗标中。 " +"这将报告针对未正确放置类型注释的语法错误。 没有这个旗标，类型注释将被忽略，而选定的 AST 节点上的 ``type_comment`` 字段将始终为 " +"``None``。 此外，``# type: ignore`` 注释的位置将作为 :class:`Module` 的 ``type_ignores`` " +"属性被返回（在其他情况下则总是为空列表）。attribute of (otherwise it is always an empty list)." + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2143 +msgid "" +"In addition, if ``mode`` is ``'func_type'``, the input syntax is modified to" +" correspond to :pep:`484` \"signature type comments\", e.g. ``(str, int) -> " +"List[str]``." +msgstr "" +"并且，如果 ``mode`` 为 ``'func_type'``，则输入语法会进行与 :pep:`484` \"签名类型注释\" 对应的修改，例如 " +"``(str, int) -> List[str]``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2147 +msgid "" +"Setting ``feature_version`` to a tuple ``(major, minor)`` will result in a " +"\"best-effort\" attempt to parse using that Python version's grammar. For " +"example, setting ``feature_version=(3, 9)`` will attempt to disallow parsing" +" of :keyword:`match` statements. Currently ``major`` must equal to ``3``. " +"The lowest supported version is ``(3, 7)`` (and this may increase in future " +"Python versions); the highest is ``sys.version_info[0:2]``. \"Best-effort\" " +"attempt means there is no guarantee that the parse (or success of the parse)" +" is the same as when run on the Python version corresponding to " +"``feature_version``." +msgstr "" +"将 ``feature_version`` 设为元组 ``(major, minor)`` 将导致使用相应 Python 版本的语法来“尽力”尝试解析。" +" 例如，设置 ``feature_version=(3, 9)`` 将尝试禁止解析 :keyword:`match` 语句。 目前 ``major`` " +"必须等于 ``3``。 最低的受支持版本为 ``(3, 7)`` (并且这可能在未来的 Python 版本中增高)；最高版本为 " +"``sys.version_info[0:2]``。 “尽力”尝试意味着不能保证解析（或解析成功）与在对应于 ``feature_version`` 的" +" Python 版本上运行时相同。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2157 +msgid "" +"If source contains a null character (``\\0``), :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "如果源包含一个空字符 (``\\0``)，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2160 +msgid "" +"Note that successfully parsing source code into an AST object doesn't " +"guarantee that the source code provided is valid Python code that can be " +"executed as the compilation step can raise further :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"exceptions. For instance, the source ``return 42`` generates a valid AST " +"node for a return statement, but it cannot be compiled alone (it needs to be" +" inside a function node)." +msgstr "" +"请注意成功将源代码解析为 AST 对象并不能保证该源代码提供了可被执行的有效 Python 代码，因为编译步骤还可能引发其他的 " +":exc:`SyntaxError` 异常。 例如，对于源代码 ``return 42`` 可以生成一条有效的 return 语句 AST " +"节点，但它不能被单独编译（它必须位于一个函数节点之内）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"In particular, :func:`ast.parse` won't do any scoping checks, which the " +"compilation step does." +msgstr "特别地，:func:`ast.parse` 不会执行任何作用域检查，这是由编译步骤来做的。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2171 +msgid "" +"It is possible to crash the Python interpreter with a sufficiently " +"large/complex string due to stack depth limitations in Python's AST " +"compiler." +msgstr "足够复杂或是巨大的字符串可能导致Python解释器的崩溃，因为Python的AST编译器是有栈深限制的。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2175 +msgid "Added ``type_comments``, ``mode='func_type'`` and ``feature_version``." +msgstr "增加了 ``type_comments``, ``mode='func_type'`` 和 ``feature_version``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2178 +msgid "" +"The minimum supported version for ``feature_version`` is now ``(3, 7)``. The" +" ``optimize`` argument was added." +msgstr "现在最低的支持 ``feature_version`` 的版本为 ``(3, 7)``。 增加了 ``optimize`` 参数。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2185 +msgid "" +"Unparse an :class:`ast.AST` object and generate a string with code that " +"would produce an equivalent :class:`ast.AST` object if parsed back with " +":func:`ast.parse`." +msgstr "" +"反向解析一个 :class:`ast.AST` 对象并生成一个包含当再次使用 :func:`ast.parse` 解析时将产生同样的 " +":class:`ast.AST` 对象的代码的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2190 +msgid "" +"The produced code string will not necessarily be equal to the original code " +"that generated the :class:`ast.AST` object (without any compiler " +"optimizations, such as constant tuples/frozensets)." +msgstr "" +"所产生的代码字符串将不一定与生成 :class:`ast.AST` 对象的原始代码完全一致（不带任何编译器优化，例如常量元组/冻结集合等）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2195 +msgid "" +"Trying to unparse a highly complex expression would result with " +":exc:`RecursionError`." +msgstr "尝试反向解析一个高度复杂的表达式可能会导致 :exc:`RecursionError`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2203 +msgid "" +"Evaluate an expression node or a string containing only a Python literal or " +"container display. The string or node provided may only consist of the " +"following Python literal structures: strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists," +" dicts, sets, booleans, ``None`` and ``Ellipsis``." +msgstr "" +"对表达式节点或仅包含 Python 字面值或容器表示形式的字符串进行求值。 所提供的字符串或节点可能只包含下列 Python " +"字面值结构：字符串、字节串、数字、元组、字典、集合、布尔值、``None`` 和 ``Ellipsis``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2208 +msgid "" +"This can be used for evaluating strings containing Python values without the" +" need to parse the values oneself. It is not capable of evaluating " +"arbitrarily complex expressions, for example involving operators or " +"indexing." +msgstr "" +"这可被用于对包含 Python 值的字符串进行求值而不必解析这些值本身。 它不能对任意的复杂表达式进行求值，例如涉及运算符或索引操作的表达式。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"This function had been documented as \"safe\" in the past without defining " +"what that meant. That was misleading. This is specifically designed not to " +"execute Python code, unlike the more general :func:`eval`. There is no " +"namespace, no name lookups, or ability to call out. But it is not free from " +"attack: A relatively small input can lead to memory exhaustion or to C stack" +" exhaustion, crashing the process. There is also the possibility for " +"excessive CPU consumption denial of service on some inputs. Calling it on " +"untrusted data is thus not recommended." +msgstr "" +"此函数过去曾被描述为“安全”但并未定义其含义。 这是存在误导性的。 此函数被专门设计为不执行 Python 代码，这与更通用的 :func:`eval`" +" 不同。 它没有命名空间、没有名称查找或执行外部调用的能力。 但是它并不能完全避免攻击：一个相对较小的输入有可能导致内存耗尽或 C " +"栈耗尽，使得进程崩溃。 还可能在某些输入上出现过度消耗 CPU 的拒绝服务问题。 因此不建议在未被信任的数据上调用它。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2223 +msgid "" +"It is possible to crash the Python interpreter due to stack depth " +"limitations in Python's AST compiler." +msgstr "有可能由于 Python 的 AST 编译器中的栈深度限制而导致 Python 解释器的崩溃。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2226 +msgid "" +"It can raise :exc:`ValueError`, :exc:`TypeError`, :exc:`SyntaxError`, " +":exc:`MemoryError` and :exc:`RecursionError` depending on the malformed " +"input." +msgstr "" +"根据输入错误的具体形式它可能引发 :exc:`ValueError`, :exc:`TypeError`, :exc:`SyntaxError`, " +":exc:`MemoryError` 以及 :exc:`RecursionError`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2230 +msgid "Now allows bytes and set literals." +msgstr "目前支持字节和集合。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2233 +msgid "Now supports creating empty sets with ``'set()'``." +msgstr "现在支持通过 ``'set()'`` 创建空集合。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2236 +msgid "For string inputs, leading spaces and tabs are now stripped." +msgstr "对于字符串输入，打头的空格和制表符现在会被去除。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2242 +msgid "" +"Return the docstring of the given *node* (which must be a " +":class:`FunctionDef`, :class:`AsyncFunctionDef`, :class:`ClassDef`, or " +":class:`Module` node), or ``None`` if it has no docstring. If *clean* is " +"true, clean up the docstring's indentation with :func:`inspect.cleandoc`." +msgstr "" +"返回给定 *node* (必须为 :class:`FunctionDef`, :class:`AsyncFunctionDef`, " +":class:`ClassDef` 或 :class:`Module` 节点) 的文档字符串，或者如果没有文档字符串则返回 ``None``。 如果 " +"*clean* 为真值，则通过 :func:`inspect.cleandoc` 清除文档字符串的缩进。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2248 +msgid ":class:`AsyncFunctionDef` is now supported." +msgstr "目前支持 :class:`AsyncFunctionDef`" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2254 +msgid "" +"Get source code segment of the *source* that generated *node*. If some " +"location information (:attr:`~ast.AST.lineno`, :attr:`~ast.AST.end_lineno`, " +":attr:`~ast.AST.col_offset`, or :attr:`~ast.AST.end_col_offset`) is missing," +" return ``None``." +msgstr "" +"获取生成 *node* 的 *source* 的源代码段。 如果丢失了某些位置信息 (:attr:`~ast.AST.lineno`, " +":attr:`~ast.AST.end_lineno`, :attr:`~ast.AST.col_offset` 或 " +":attr:`~ast.AST.end_col_offset`)，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2258 +msgid "" +"If *padded* is ``True``, the first line of a multi-line statement will be " +"padded with spaces to match its original position." +msgstr "如果 *padded* 为 ``True``，则多行语句的第一行将以与其初始位置相匹配的空格填充。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2266 +msgid "" +"When you compile a node tree with :func:`compile`, the compiler expects " +":attr:`~ast.AST.lineno` and :attr:`~ast.AST.col_offset` attributes for every" +" node that supports them. This is rather tedious to fill in for generated " +"nodes, so this helper adds these attributes recursively where not already " +"set, by setting them to the values of the parent node. It works recursively" +" starting at *node*." +msgstr "" +"当你使用 :func:`compile` 来编译节点树时，编译器会接受每个支持 :attr:`~ast.AST.lineno` 和 " +":attr:`~ast.AST.col_offset` 属性的节点的相应信息。 " +"对于已生成的节点来说这是相当繁琐的，因此这个辅助工具会递归地为尚未设置这些属性的节点添加它们，具体做法是将其设为父节点的对应值。 它将从 *node* " +"开始递归地执行。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2275 +msgid "" +"Increment the line number and end line number of each node in the tree " +"starting at *node* by *n*. This is useful to \"move code\" to a different " +"location in a file." +msgstr "从 *node* 开始按 *n* 递增节点树中每个节点的行号和结束行号。 这在“移动代码”到文件中的不同位置时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2282 +msgid "" +"Copy source location (:attr:`~ast.AST.lineno`, :attr:`~ast.AST.col_offset`, " +":attr:`~ast.AST.end_lineno`, and :attr:`~ast.AST.end_col_offset`) from " +"*old_node* to *new_node* if possible, and return *new_node*." +msgstr "" +"在可能的情况下将源位置 (:attr:`~ast.AST.lineno`, :attr:`~ast.AST.col_offset`, " +":attr:`~ast.AST.end_lineno` 和 :attr:`~ast.AST.end_col_offset`) 从 *old_node* " +"拷贝到 *new_node*，并返回 *new_node*。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2289 +msgid "" +"Yield a tuple of ``(fieldname, value)`` for each field in ``node._fields`` " +"that is present on *node*." +msgstr "" +"针对于 *node* 上在 ``node._fields`` 中出现的每个字段产生一个 ``(fieldname, value)`` 元组。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2295 +msgid "" +"Yield all direct child nodes of *node*, that is, all fields that are nodes " +"and all items of fields that are lists of nodes." +msgstr "产生 *node* 所有的直接子节点，也就是说，所有为节点的字段所有为节点列表的字段条目。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2301 +msgid "" +"Recursively yield all descendant nodes in the tree starting at *node* " +"(including *node* itself), in no specified order. This is useful if you " +"only want to modify nodes in place and don't care about the context." +msgstr "" +"递归地产生节点树中从 *node* 开始（包括 *node* 本身）的所有下级节点，没有确定的排序方式。 " +"这在你仅想要原地修改节点而不关心具体上下文时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2308 +msgid "" +"A node visitor base class that walks the abstract syntax tree and calls a " +"visitor function for every node found. This function may return a value " +"which is forwarded by the :meth:`visit` method." +msgstr "" +"一个遍历抽象语法树并针对所找到的每个节点调用访问器函数的节点访问器基类。 该函数可能会返回一个由 :meth:`visit` 方法所提供的值。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2312 +msgid "" +"This class is meant to be subclassed, with the subclass adding visitor " +"methods." +msgstr "这个类应当被子类化，并由子类来添加访问器方法。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2317 +msgid "" +"Visit a node. The default implementation calls the method called " +":samp:`self.visit_{classname}` where *classname* is the name of the node " +"class, or :meth:`generic_visit` if that method doesn't exist." +msgstr "" +"访问一个节点。 默认实现会调用名为 :samp:`self.visit_{classname}` 的方法其中 *classname* " +"为节点类的名称，或者如果该方法不存在则为 :meth:`generic_visit`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2323 +msgid "This visitor calls :meth:`visit` on all children of the node." +msgstr "该访问器会在节点的所有子节点上调用 :meth:`visit`。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2325 +msgid "" +"Note that child nodes of nodes that have a custom visitor method won't be " +"visited unless the visitor calls :meth:`generic_visit` or visits them " +"itself." +msgstr "请注意所有包含自定义访问器方法的节点的子节点将不会被访问除非访问器调用了 :meth:`generic_visit` 或是自行访问它们。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2331 +msgid "Handles all constant nodes." +msgstr "处理所有常量节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2333 +msgid "" +"Don't use the :class:`NodeVisitor` if you want to apply changes to nodes " +"during traversal. For this a special visitor exists " +"(:class:`NodeTransformer`) that allows modifications." +msgstr "" +"如果你想在遍历期间应用对节点的修改则请不要使用 :class:`NodeVisitor`。 对此目的可使用一个允许修改的特殊访问器 " +"(:class:`NodeTransformer`)。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2339 +msgid "" +"Methods :meth:`!visit_Num`, :meth:`!visit_Str`, :meth:`!visit_Bytes`, " +":meth:`!visit_NameConstant` and :meth:`!visit_Ellipsis` are deprecated now " +"and will not be called in future Python versions. Add the " +":meth:`visit_Constant` method to handle all constant nodes." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!visit_Num`, :meth:`!visit_Str`, :meth:`!visit_Bytes`, " +":meth:`!visit_NameConstant` 和 :meth:`!visit_Ellipsis` 等方法现在已被弃用并且在未来的 Python" +" 版本中将不再被调用。 请添加 :meth:`visit_Constant` 方法来处理所有常量节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2347 +msgid "" +"A :class:`NodeVisitor` subclass that walks the abstract syntax tree and " +"allows modification of nodes." +msgstr "子类 :class:`NodeVisitor` 用于遍历抽象语法树，并允许修改节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2350 +msgid "" +"The :class:`NodeTransformer` will walk the AST and use the return value of " +"the visitor methods to replace or remove the old node. If the return value " +"of the visitor method is ``None``, the node will be removed from its " +"location, otherwise it is replaced with the return value. The return value " +"may be the original node in which case no replacement takes place." +msgstr "" +":class:`NodeTransformer` 将遍历抽象语法树并使用visitor方法的返回值去替换或移除旧节点。如果visitor方法的返回值为 " +"``None`` , 则该节点将从其位置移除，否则将替换为返回值。当返回值是原始节点时，无需替换。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2356 +msgid "" +"Here is an example transformer that rewrites all occurrences of name lookups" +" (``foo``) to ``data['foo']``::" +msgstr "如下是一个转换器示例，它将所有出现的名称 (``foo``) 重写为 ``data['foo']``::" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2359 +msgid "" +"class RewriteName(NodeTransformer):\n" +"\n" +" def visit_Name(self, node):\n" +" return Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='data', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Constant(value=node.id),\n" +" ctx=node.ctx\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"class RewriteName(NodeTransformer):\n" +"\n" +" def visit_Name(self, node):\n" +" return Subscript(\n" +" value=Name(id='data', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=Constant(value=node.id),\n" +" ctx=node.ctx\n" +" )" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2368 +msgid "" +"Keep in mind that if the node you're operating on has child nodes you must " +"either transform the child nodes yourself or call the " +":meth:`~ast.NodeVisitor.generic_visit` method for the node first." +msgstr "" +"请记住如果你正在操作的节点具有子节点，你必须先自行转换这些子节点或是为该节点调用 " +":meth:`~ast.NodeVisitor.generic_visit` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2372 +msgid "" +"For nodes that were part of a collection of statements (that applies to all " +"statement nodes), the visitor may also return a list of nodes rather than " +"just a single node." +msgstr "对于属于语句集合（适用于所有语句节点）的节点，访问者还可以返回节点列表而不仅仅是单个节点。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2376 +msgid "" +"If :class:`NodeTransformer` introduces new nodes (that weren't part of " +"original tree) without giving them location information (such as " +":attr:`~ast.AST.lineno`), :func:`fix_missing_locations` should be called " +"with the new sub-tree to recalculate the location information::" +msgstr "" +"如果 :class:`NodeTransformer` 引入了新的（不属于原节点树的一部分的）节点而没有给出它们的位置信息（如 " +":attr:`~ast.AST.lineno` 等），则应当调用 :func:`fix_missing_locations` " +"并传入新的子节点树来重新计算位置信息::" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2381 +msgid "" +"tree = ast.parse('foo', mode='eval')\n" +"new_tree = fix_missing_locations(RewriteName().visit(tree))" +msgstr "" +"tree = ast.parse('foo', mode='eval')\n" +"new_tree = fix_missing_locations(RewriteName().visit(tree))" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2384 +msgid "Usually you use the transformer like this::" +msgstr "通常你可以像这样使用转换器::" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2386 +msgid "node = YourTransformer().visit(node)" +msgstr "node = YourTransformer().visit(node)" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2391 +msgid "" +"Return a formatted dump of the tree in *node*. This is mainly useful for " +"debugging purposes. If *annotate_fields* is true (by default), the returned" +" string will show the names and the values for fields. If *annotate_fields* " +"is false, the result string will be more compact by omitting unambiguous " +"field names. Attributes such as line numbers and column offsets are not " +"dumped by default. If this is wanted, *include_attributes* can be set to " +"true." +msgstr "" +"返回 *node* 中树结构的格式化转储。 这主要适用于调试目的。 如果 *annotate_fields* " +"为真值（默认），返回的字符串将显示字段的名称和值。 如果 *annotate_fields* 为假值，结果字符串将通过省略无歧义的字段名称变得更为紧凑。" +" 默认情况下不会转储行号和列偏移等属性。 如果需要，可将 *include_attributes* 设为真值。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2399 +msgid "" +"If *indent* is a non-negative integer or string, then the tree will be " +"pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of 0, negative, or " +"``\"\"`` will only insert newlines. ``None`` (the default) selects the " +"single line representation. Using a positive integer indent indents that " +"many spaces per level. If *indent* is a string (such as ``\"\\t\"``), that " +"string is used to indent each level." +msgstr "" +"如果 *indent* 是一个非负整数或者字符串，那么节点树将被美化输出为指定的缩进级别。 如果缩进级别为 0、负数或者 ``\"\"`` " +"则将只插入换行符。 ``None`` (默认) 将选择最紧凑的表示形式。 使用一个正整数将让每个级别缩进相应数量的空格。 如果 *indent* " +"是一个字符串 (如 ``\"\\t\"``)，该字符串会被用于缩进每个级别。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2406 +msgid "" +"If *show_empty* is ``False`` (the default), empty lists and fields that are " +"``None`` will be omitted from the output." +msgstr "如果 *show_empty* 为 ``False`` (默认值)，则空列表和值为 ``None`` 的字段将在输出中省略。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2409 +msgid "Added the *indent* option." +msgstr "添加了 *indent* 选项。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2412 +msgid "Added the *show_empty* option." +msgstr "增加了 *show_empty* 选项。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2415 +msgid "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... async def f():\n" +"... await other_func()\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4, show_empty=True))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AsyncFunctionDef(\n" +" name='f',\n" +" args=arguments(\n" +" posonlyargs=[],\n" +" args=[],\n" +" kwonlyargs=[],\n" +" kw_defaults=[],\n" +" defaults=[]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Await(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='other_func', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[],\n" +" keywords=[])))],\n" +" decorator_list=[],\n" +" type_params=[])],\n" +" type_ignores=[])" +msgstr "" +">>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... async def f():\n" +"... await other_func()\n" +"... \"\"\"), indent=4, show_empty=True))\n" +"Module(\n" +" body=[\n" +" AsyncFunctionDef(\n" +" name='f',\n" +" args=arguments(\n" +" posonlyargs=[],\n" +" args=[],\n" +" kwonlyargs=[],\n" +" kw_defaults=[],\n" +" defaults=[]),\n" +" body=[\n" +" Expr(\n" +" value=Await(\n" +" value=Call(\n" +" func=Name(id='other_func', ctx=Load()),\n" +" args=[],\n" +" keywords=[])))],\n" +" decorator_list=[],\n" +" type_params=[])],\n" +" type_ignores=[])" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2446 +msgid "Compiler Flags" +msgstr "编译器旗标" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2448 +msgid "" +"The following flags may be passed to :func:`compile` in order to change " +"effects on the compilation of a program:" +msgstr "下列旗标可被传给 :func:`compile` 用来改变程序编译的效果:" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2453 +msgid "" +"Enables support for top-level ``await``, ``async for``, ``async with`` and " +"async comprehensions." +msgstr "启用对最高层级 ``await``, ``async for``, ``async with`` 以及异步推导式的支持。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2460 +msgid "" +"Generates and returns an abstract syntax tree instead of returning a " +"compiled code object." +msgstr "生成并返回一个抽象语法树而不是返回一个已编译的代码对象。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2465 +msgid "" +"The returned AST is optimized according to the *optimize* argument in " +":func:`compile` or :func:`ast.parse`." +msgstr "" +"返回的 AST 已根据 :func:`compile` 或 :func:`ast.parse` 中的 *optimize* 参数进行了优化。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2472 +msgid "" +"Enables support for :pep:`484` and :pep:`526` style type comments (``# type:" +" ``, ``# type: ignore ``)." +msgstr "" +"启用对 :pep:`484` 和 :pep:`526` 风格的类型注释的支持 (``# type: ``, ``# type: ignore" +" ``)。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2481 +msgid "Command-Line Usage" +msgstr "命令行用法" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2485 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ast` module can be executed as a script from the command line. It " +"is as simple as:" +msgstr ":mod:`ast` 模块可以在命令行下作为脚本来执行。 具体做法非常简单:" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2488 +msgid "python -m ast [-m ] [-a] [infile]" +msgstr "python -m ast [-m ] [-a] [infile]" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2492 +msgid "The following options are accepted:" +msgstr "可以接受以下选项：" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2498 +msgid "Show the help message and exit." +msgstr "显示帮助信息并退出。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2503 +msgid "" +"Specify what kind of code must be compiled, like the *mode* argument in " +":func:`parse`." +msgstr "指明哪种代码必须被编译，相当于 :func:`parse` 中的 *mode* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2508 +msgid "Don't parse type comments." +msgstr "不要解析类型注释。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2512 +msgid "Include attributes such as line numbers and column offsets." +msgstr "包括属性如行号和列偏移。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2517 +msgid "Indentation of nodes in AST (number of spaces)." +msgstr "AST 中节点的缩进（空格数）。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2519 +msgid "" +"If :file:`infile` is specified its contents are parsed to AST and dumped to " +"stdout. Otherwise, the content is read from stdin." +msgstr "如果指定了 :file:`infile` 则其内容将被解析为 AST 并转储至 stdout。 在其他情况下，将从 stdin 读取内容。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2525 +msgid "" +"`Green Tree Snakes `_, an external " +"documentation resource, has good details on working with Python ASTs." +msgstr "" +"`Green Tree Snakes `_，一个外部文档资源，包含处理" +" Python AST 的完整细节。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2528 +msgid "" +"`ASTTokens `_ " +"annotates Python ASTs with the positions of tokens and text in the source " +"code that generated them. This is helpful for tools that make source code " +"transformations." +msgstr "" +"`ASTTokens `_ 会为" +" Python AST 标注生成它们的源代码中的形符和文本的位置。 这对执行源代码转换的工具很有帮助。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2533 +msgid "" +"`leoAst.py `_ unifies the token-based and parse-tree-based views of python programs " +"by inserting two-way links between tokens and ast nodes." +msgstr "" +"`leoAst.py `_ 通过在形符和 ast 节点之间插入双向链接统一了 python 程序基于形符的和基于解析树的视图。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2538 +msgid "" +"`LibCST `_ parses code as a Concrete Syntax " +"Tree that looks like an ast tree and keeps all formatting details. It's " +"useful for building automated refactoring (codemod) applications and " +"linters." +msgstr "" +"`LibCST `_ 将代码解析为一个实体语法树（Concrete Syntax " +"Tree），它看起来像是 ast 树而又保留了所有格式化细节。 它对构建自动化重构（codemod）应用和代码质量检查工具很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:2543 +msgid "" +"`Parso `_ is a Python parser that supports " +"error recovery and round-trip parsing for different Python versions (in " +"multiple Python versions). Parso is also able to list multiple syntax errors" +" in your Python file." +msgstr "" +"`Parso `_ 是一个支持错误恢复和不同 Python 版本的（在多个 Python " +"版本中）往返解析的 Python 解析器。 Parso 还能列出你的 Python 文件中的许多语法错误。" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:59 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:59 ../../library/ast.rst:60 +msgid "in AST grammar" +msgstr "在 AST 语法中" + +#: ../../library/ast.rst:60 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" diff --git a/library/asynchat.po b/library/asynchat.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8cf5bfec --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asynchat.po @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`asynchat` --- Asynchronous socket command/response handler" +msgstr ":mod:`asynchat` --- 异步套接字指令/响应处理程序" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asynchat.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asynchat.py`" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:13 +msgid "" +":mod:`asynchat` will be removed in Python 3.12 (see :pep:`PEP 594 " +"<594#asynchat>` for details). Please use :mod:`asyncio` instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asynchat` 将在 Python 3.12 版被移除（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#asynchat>` 了解详情）。" +" 请改用 :mod:`asyncio`。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:22 +msgid "" +"This module exists for backwards compatibility only. For new code we " +"recommend using :mod:`asyncio`." +msgstr "该模块仅为提供向后兼容。我们推荐在新代码中使用 :mod:`asyncio` 。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:25 +msgid "" +"This module builds on the :mod:`asyncore` infrastructure, simplifying " +"asynchronous clients and servers and making it easier to handle protocols " +"whose elements are terminated by arbitrary strings, or are of variable " +"length. :mod:`asynchat` defines the abstract class :class:`async_chat` that " +"you subclass, providing implementations of the :meth:`collect_incoming_data`" +" and :meth:`found_terminator` methods. It uses the same asynchronous loop as" +" :mod:`asyncore`, and the two types of channel, :class:`asyncore.dispatcher`" +" and :class:`asynchat.async_chat`, can freely be mixed in the channel map. " +"Typically an :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` server channel generates new " +":class:`asynchat.async_chat` channel objects as it receives incoming " +"connection requests." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 :mod:`asyncore` 框架之上构建，简化了异步客户端和服务器并使得处理元素为以任意字符串结束或者为可变长度的协议更加容易。 " +":mod:`asynchat` 定义了一个可以由你来子类化的抽象类 :class:`async_chat`，提供了 " +":meth:`collect_incoming_data` 和 :meth:`found_terminator` 等方法的实现。 它使用与 " +":mod:`asyncore` 相同的异步循环，并且可以在通道映射中自由地混合 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` 和 " +":class:`asynchat.async_chat` 这两种类型的通道。 一般来说 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` " +"服务器通道在接收到传入的连接请求时会生成新的 :class:`asynchat.async_chat` 通道对象。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:40 +msgid "" +"This class is an abstract subclass of :class:`asyncore.dispatcher`. To make " +"practical use of the code you must subclass :class:`async_chat`, providing " +"meaningful :meth:`collect_incoming_data` and :meth:`found_terminator` " +"methods. The :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` methods can be used, although not " +"all make sense in a message/response context." +msgstr "" +"这个类是 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` 的抽象子类。 对于实际使用的代码你必须子类化 " +":class:`async_chat`，提供有意义的 :meth:`collect_incoming_data` 和 " +":meth:`found_terminator` 方法。 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` " +"的方法也可以被使用，但它们在消息/响应上下文中并不是全都有意义。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Like :class:`asyncore.dispatcher`, :class:`async_chat` defines a set of " +"events that are generated by an analysis of socket conditions after a " +":c:func:`select` call. Once the polling loop has been started the " +":class:`async_chat` object's methods are called by the event-processing " +"framework with no action on the part of the programmer." +msgstr "" +"与 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` 类似，:class:`async_chat` 也定义了一组通过对 " +":c:func:`select` 调用之后的套接字条件进行分析所生成的事件。 一旦启动轮询循环 :class:`async_chat` " +"对象的方法就会被事件处理框架调用而无须程序员方面做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Two class attributes can be modified, to improve performance, or possibly " +"even to conserve memory." +msgstr "两个可被修改的类属性，用以提升性能，甚至也可能会节省内存。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:59 +msgid "The asynchronous input buffer size (default ``4096``)." +msgstr "异步输入缓冲区大小 (默认为 ``4096``)。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:64 +msgid "The asynchronous output buffer size (default ``4096``)." +msgstr "异步输出缓冲区大小 (默认为 ``4096``)。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Unlike :class:`asyncore.dispatcher`, :class:`async_chat` allows you to " +"define a :abbr:`FIFO (first-in, first-out)` queue of *producers*. A producer" +" need have only one method, :meth:`more`, which should return data to be " +"transmitted on the channel. The producer indicates exhaustion (*i.e.* that " +"it contains no more data) by having its :meth:`more` method return the empty" +" bytes object. At this point the :class:`async_chat` object removes the " +"producer from the queue and starts using the next producer, if any. When the" +" producer queue is empty the :meth:`handle_write` method does nothing. You " +"use the channel object's :meth:`set_terminator` method to describe how to " +"recognize the end of, or an important breakpoint in, an incoming " +"transmission from the remote endpoint." +msgstr "" +"与 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` 不同，:class:`async_chat` 允许你定义一个 :abbr:`FIFO " +"(先进先出)` 队列 *producers*。 其中的生产者只需要一个方法 :meth:`more`，该方法应当返回要在通道上传输的数据。 " +"生产者通过让其 :meth:`more` 方法返回空字节串对象来表明其处于耗尽状态 (*意即* 它已不再包含数据)。 此时 " +":class:`async_chat` 对象会将该生产者从队列中移除并开始使用下一个生产者，如果有下一个的话。 当生产者队列为空时 " +":meth:`handle_write` 方法将不执行任何操作。 你要使用通道对象的 :meth:`set_terminator` " +"方法来描述如何识别来自远程端点的入站传输的结束或是重要的中断点。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:79 +msgid "" +"To build a functioning :class:`async_chat` subclass your input methods " +":meth:`collect_incoming_data` and :meth:`found_terminator` must handle the " +"data that the channel receives asynchronously. The methods are described " +"below." +msgstr "" +"要构建一个可用的 :class:`async_chat` 子类，你的输入方法 :meth:`collect_incoming_data` 和 " +":meth:`found_terminator` 必须要处理通道异步接收的数据。 这些参数的描述见下文。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Pushes a ``None`` on to the producer queue. When this producer is popped off" +" the queue it causes the channel to be closed." +msgstr "将 ``None`` 推入生产者队列。 当此生产者被弹出队列时它将导致通道被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Called with *data* holding an arbitrary amount of received data. The " +"default method, which must be overridden, raises a " +":exc:`NotImplementedError` exception." +msgstr "" +"调用时附带 *data*，其中包含任意数量的已接收数据。 必须被重载的默认方法将引发一个 :exc:`NotImplementedError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:100 +msgid "" +"In emergencies this method will discard any data held in the input and/or " +"output buffers and the producer queue." +msgstr "在紧急情况下此方法将丢弃输入和/或输出缓冲区以及生产者队列中的任何数据。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Called when the incoming data stream matches the termination condition set " +"by :meth:`set_terminator`. The default method, which must be overridden, " +"raises a :exc:`NotImplementedError` exception. The buffered input data " +"should be available via an instance attribute." +msgstr "" +"当输入数据流能匹配 :meth:`set_terminator` 所设定的终结条件时会被调用。 必须被重载的默认方法将引发一个 " +":exc:`NotImplementedError` 异常。 被缓冲的输入数据应当可以通过实例属性来获取。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:114 +msgid "Returns the current terminator for the channel." +msgstr "返回通道的当前终结器。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Pushes data on to the channel's queue to ensure its transmission. This is " +"all you need to do to have the channel write the data out to the network, " +"although it is possible to use your own producers in more complex schemes to" +" implement encryption and chunking, for example." +msgstr "" +"将数据推入通道的队列以确保其被传输。 " +"要让通道将数据写到网络中你只需要这样做就足够了，虽然以更复杂的方式使用你自己的生产者也是有可能的，例如为了实现加密和分块。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Takes a producer object and adds it to the producer queue associated with " +"the channel. When all currently pushed producers have been exhausted the " +"channel will consume this producer's data by calling its :meth:`more` method" +" and send the data to the remote endpoint." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Sets the terminating condition to be recognized on the channel. ``term`` " +"may be any of three types of value, corresponding to three different ways to" +" handle incoming protocol data." +msgstr "设置可在通道上被识别的终结条件。 ``term`` 可以是三种类型值中的任意一种 ，对应于处理入站协议数据的三种不同方式。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:140 +msgid "term" +msgstr "term" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:140 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:142 +msgid "*string*" +msgstr "*string*" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Will call :meth:`found_terminator` when the string is found in the input " +"stream" +msgstr "当在输入流中发现该字符串时将会调用 :meth:`found_terminator`" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:145 +msgid "*integer*" +msgstr "*integer*" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Will call :meth:`found_terminator` when the indicated number of characters " +"have been received" +msgstr "当接收到指定数量的字符时将会调用 :meth:`found_terminator`" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:149 +msgid "``None``" +msgstr "``None``" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:149 +msgid "The channel continues to collect data forever" +msgstr "通道会不断地持续收集数据" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Note that any data following the terminator will be available for reading by" +" the channel after :meth:`found_terminator` is called." +msgstr "请注意终结器之后的任何数据将可在 :meth:`found_terminator` 被调用后由通道来读取。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:160 +msgid "asynchat Example" +msgstr "asynchat 示例" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:162 +msgid "" +"The following partial example shows how HTTP requests can be read with " +":class:`async_chat`. A web server might create an " +":class:`http_request_handler` object for each incoming client connection. " +"Notice that initially the channel terminator is set to match the blank line " +"at the end of the HTTP headers, and a flag indicates that the headers are " +"being read." +msgstr "" +"下面的例子片段显示了如何通过 :class:`async_chat` 来读取 HTTP 请求。 Web 服务器可以为每个入站的客户端连接创建 " +":class:`http_request_handler` 对象。 请注意在初始时通道终结器会被设置为匹配 HTTP " +"标头末尾的空行，并且会用一个旗标来指明标头正在被读取。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Once the headers have been read, if the request is of type POST (indicating " +"that further data are present in the input stream) then the ``Content-" +"Length:`` header is used to set a numeric terminator to read the right " +"amount of data from the channel." +msgstr "" +"一旦完成了标头的读取，如果请求类型为 POST (表明输入流中存在更多的数据) 则会使用 ``Content-Length:`` " +"标头来设置一个数值终结器以从通道读取适当数量的数据。" + +#: ../../library/asynchat.rst:174 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`handle_request` method is called once all relevant input has been" +" marshalled, after setting the channel terminator to ``None`` to ensure that" +" any extraneous data sent by the web client are ignored. ::" +msgstr "" +"一旦完成了对所有相关输入的处理，将会在设置通道终结器为 ``None`` 以确保忽略掉 Web 客户端所发送的任何无关数据之后调用 " +":meth:`handle_request` 方法。 ::" diff --git a/library/asyncio-api-index.po b/library/asyncio-api-index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acdd7e0fa --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-api-index.po @@ -0,0 +1,450 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:6 +msgid "High-level API Index" +msgstr "高层级 API 索引" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:8 +msgid "This page lists all high-level async/await enabled asyncio APIs." +msgstr "这个页面列举了所有能用于 async/wait 的高层级asyncio API 集。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:12 +msgid "Tasks" +msgstr "任务" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:14 +msgid "" +"Utilities to run asyncio programs, create Tasks, and await on multiple " +"things with timeouts." +msgstr "运行异步程序，创建Task对象，等待多件事运行超时的公共集。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:21 +msgid ":func:`run`" +msgstr ":func:`run`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:22 +msgid "Create event loop, run a coroutine, close the loop." +msgstr "创建事件循环，运行一个协程，关闭事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:24 +msgid ":class:`Runner`" +msgstr ":class:`Runner`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:25 +msgid "A context manager that simplifies multiple async function calls." +msgstr "一个能够简化多次异步函数调用操作的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:27 +msgid ":class:`Task`" +msgstr ":class:`Task`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:28 +msgid "Task object." +msgstr "Task对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:30 +msgid ":class:`TaskGroup`" +msgstr ":class:`TaskGroup`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:31 +msgid "" +"A context manager that holds a group of tasks. Provides a convenient and " +"reliable way to wait for all tasks in the group to finish." +msgstr "持有一组任务的上下文管理器。 它提供了一种等待分组中所有任务完成的方便可靠的方式。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:35 +msgid ":func:`create_task`" +msgstr ":func:`create_task`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:36 +msgid "Start an asyncio Task, then returns it." +msgstr "启动一个异步 Task，然后将其返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:38 +msgid ":func:`current_task`" +msgstr ":func:`current_task`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:39 +msgid "Return the current Task." +msgstr "返回当前Task对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:41 +msgid ":func:`all_tasks`" +msgstr ":func:`all_tasks`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:42 +msgid "Return all tasks that are not yet finished for an event loop." +msgstr "返回一个事件循环的所有尚未完成的任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:44 +msgid "``await`` :func:`sleep`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`sleep`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:45 +msgid "Sleep for a number of seconds." +msgstr "休眠几秒。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:47 +msgid "``await`` :func:`gather`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`gather`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:48 +msgid "Schedule and wait for things concurrently." +msgstr "并发执行所有事件的调度和等待。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:50 +msgid "``await`` :func:`wait_for`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`wait_for`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:51 +msgid "Run with a timeout." +msgstr "有超时控制的运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:53 +msgid "``await`` :func:`shield`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`shield`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:54 +msgid "Shield from cancellation." +msgstr "屏蔽取消操作" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:56 +msgid "``await`` :func:`wait`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`wait`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:57 +msgid "Monitor for completion." +msgstr "完成情况的监控器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:59 +msgid ":func:`timeout`" +msgstr ":func:`timeout`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:60 +msgid "Run with a timeout. Useful in cases when ``wait_for`` is not suitable." +msgstr "设置超时运行。 在 ``wait_for`` 不适合的情况下会很有用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:62 +msgid ":func:`to_thread`" +msgstr ":func:`to_thread`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:63 +msgid "Asynchronously run a function in a separate OS thread." +msgstr "在不同的 OS 线程中异步地运行一个函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:65 +msgid ":func:`run_coroutine_threadsafe`" +msgstr ":func:`run_coroutine_threadsafe`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:66 +msgid "Schedule a coroutine from another OS thread." +msgstr "从其他OS线程中调度一个协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:68 +msgid "``for in`` :func:`as_completed`" +msgstr "``for in`` :func:`as_completed`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:69 +msgid "Monitor for completion with a ``for`` loop." +msgstr "用 ``for`` 循环监控完成情况。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:73 +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:109 +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:133 +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:169 +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:205 +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:230 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:74 +msgid "" +":ref:`Using asyncio.gather() to run things in parallel " +"`." +msgstr ":ref:`使用 asyncio.gather() 并行运行 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:77 +msgid "" +":ref:`Using asyncio.wait_for() to enforce a timeout " +"`." +msgstr ":ref:`使用 asyncio.wait_for() 强制超时 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:80 +msgid ":ref:`Cancellation `." +msgstr ":ref:`撤销协程 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:82 +msgid ":ref:`Using asyncio.sleep() `." +msgstr ":ref:`asyncio.sleep() 的用法 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:84 +msgid "See also the main :ref:`Tasks documentation page `." +msgstr "请主要参阅 :ref:`协程与任务文档 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:88 +msgid "Queues" +msgstr "队列集" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Queues should be used to distribute work amongst multiple asyncio Tasks, " +"implement connection pools, and pub/sub patterns." +msgstr "队列集被用于多个异步Task对象的运行调度，实现连接池以及发布/订阅模式。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:98 +msgid ":class:`Queue`" +msgstr ":class:`Queue`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:99 +msgid "A FIFO queue." +msgstr "先进先出队列" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:101 +msgid ":class:`PriorityQueue`" +msgstr ":class:`PriorityQueue`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:102 +msgid "A priority queue." +msgstr "优先级队列。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:104 +msgid ":class:`LifoQueue`" +msgstr ":class:`LifoQueue`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:105 +msgid "A LIFO queue." +msgstr "后进先出队列。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:110 +msgid "" +":ref:`Using asyncio.Queue to distribute workload between several Tasks " +"`." +msgstr ":ref:`使用 asyncio.Queue 在多个并发任务间分配工作量 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:113 +msgid "See also the :ref:`Queues documentation page `." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`队列集文档 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:117 +msgid "Subprocesses" +msgstr "子进程集" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:119 +msgid "Utilities to spawn subprocesses and run shell commands." +msgstr "用于生成子进程和运行shell命令的工具包。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:125 +msgid "``await`` :func:`create_subprocess_exec`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`create_subprocess_exec`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:126 +msgid "Create a subprocess." +msgstr "创建一个子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:128 +msgid "``await`` :func:`create_subprocess_shell`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`create_subprocess_shell`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:129 +msgid "Run a shell command." +msgstr "运行一个shell命令。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:134 +msgid ":ref:`Executing a shell command `." +msgstr ":ref:`执行一个shell命令 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:136 +msgid "" +"See also the :ref:`subprocess APIs ` documentation." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`子进程 APIs ` 相关文档." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:141 +msgid "Streams" +msgstr "流" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:143 +msgid "High-level APIs to work with network IO." +msgstr "用于网络IO处理的高级API集。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:149 +msgid "``await`` :func:`open_connection`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`open_connection`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:150 +msgid "Establish a TCP connection." +msgstr "建立一个TCP连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:152 +msgid "``await`` :func:`open_unix_connection`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`open_unix_connection`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:153 +msgid "Establish a Unix socket connection." +msgstr "建立一个Unix socket连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:155 +msgid "``await`` :func:`start_server`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`start_server`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:156 +msgid "Start a TCP server." +msgstr "启动TCP服务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:158 +msgid "``await`` :func:`start_unix_server`" +msgstr "``await`` :func:`start_unix_server`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:159 +msgid "Start a Unix socket server." +msgstr "启动一个 Unix 套接字服务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:161 +msgid ":class:`StreamReader`" +msgstr ":class:`StreamReader`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:162 +msgid "High-level async/await object to receive network data." +msgstr "接收网络数据的高级async/await对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:164 +msgid ":class:`StreamWriter`" +msgstr ":class:`StreamWriter`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:165 +msgid "High-level async/await object to send network data." +msgstr "发送网络数据的高级async/await对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:170 +msgid ":ref:`Example TCP client `." +msgstr ":ref:`TCP 客户端样例 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:172 +msgid "See also the :ref:`streams APIs ` documentation." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`streams APIs ` 文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:177 +msgid "Synchronization" +msgstr "同步" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:179 +msgid "Threading-like synchronization primitives that can be used in Tasks." +msgstr "能被用于Task对象集的，类似线程的同步基元组件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:185 +msgid ":class:`Lock`" +msgstr ":class:`Lock`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:186 +msgid "A mutex lock." +msgstr "互斥锁。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:188 +msgid ":class:`Event`" +msgstr ":class:`Event`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:189 +msgid "An event object." +msgstr "事件对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:191 +msgid ":class:`Condition`" +msgstr ":class:`Condition`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:192 +msgid "A condition object." +msgstr "条件对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:194 +msgid ":class:`Semaphore`" +msgstr ":class:`Semaphore`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:195 +msgid "A semaphore." +msgstr "信号量" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:197 +msgid ":class:`BoundedSemaphore`" +msgstr ":class:`BoundedSemaphore`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:198 +msgid "A bounded semaphore." +msgstr "有界的信号量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:200 +msgid ":class:`Barrier`" +msgstr ":class:`Barrier`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:201 +msgid "A barrier object." +msgstr "一个 Barrier 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:206 +msgid ":ref:`Using asyncio.Event `." +msgstr ":ref:`asyncio.Event 的用法 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:208 +msgid ":ref:`Using asyncio.Barrier `." +msgstr ":ref:`使用 asyncio.Barrier `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:210 +msgid "" +"See also the documentation of asyncio :ref:`synchronization primitives " +"`." +msgstr "请参阅asyncio文档 :ref:`synchronization primitives `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:215 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:222 +msgid ":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`" +msgstr ":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:223 +msgid "Raised when a Task is cancelled. See also :meth:`Task.cancel`." +msgstr "当一个Task对象被取消的时候被引发。请参阅 :meth:`Task.cancel`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:225 +msgid ":exc:`asyncio.BrokenBarrierError`" +msgstr ":exc:`asyncio.BrokenBarrierError`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:226 +msgid "Raised when a Barrier is broken. See also :meth:`Barrier.wait`." +msgstr "当一个 Barrier 对象被破坏时引发。 另请参阅 :meth:`Barrier.wait`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:231 +msgid "" +":ref:`Handling CancelledError to run code on cancellation request " +"`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`在取消请求发生的运行代码中如何处理CancelledError异常 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-api-index.rst:234 +msgid "" +"See also the full list of :ref:`asyncio-specific exceptions `." +msgstr "请参阅完整的 :ref:`asyncio 专用异常 ` 列表." diff --git a/library/asyncio-dev.po b/library/asyncio-dev.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ed167b2f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-dev.po @@ -0,0 +1,478 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# kevin wong , 2021 +# 钢 彭 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:7 +msgid "Developing with asyncio" +msgstr "用 asyncio 开发" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Asynchronous programming is different from classic \"sequential\" " +"programming." +msgstr "异步编程与传统的“顺序”编程不同。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:12 +msgid "" +"This page lists common mistakes and traps and explains how to avoid them." +msgstr "本页列出常见的错误和陷阱，并解释如何避免它们。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:19 +msgid "Debug Mode" +msgstr "Debug 模式" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:21 +msgid "" +"By default asyncio runs in production mode. In order to ease the " +"development asyncio has a *debug mode*." +msgstr "默认情况下，asyncio以生产模式运行。为了简化开发，asyncio还有一种*debug 模式* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:24 +msgid "There are several ways to enable asyncio debug mode:" +msgstr "有几种方法可以启用异步调试模式:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Setting the :envvar:`PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG` environment variable to ``1``." +msgstr "将 :envvar:`PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG` 环境变量设置为 ``1`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:28 +msgid "Using the :ref:`Python Development Mode `." +msgstr "使用 :ref:`Python 开发模式 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:30 +msgid "Passing ``debug=True`` to :func:`asyncio.run`." +msgstr "将 ``debug=True`` 传递给 :func:`asyncio.run` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:32 +msgid "Calling :meth:`loop.set_debug`." +msgstr "调用 :meth:`loop.set_debug` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:34 +msgid "In addition to enabling the debug mode, consider also:" +msgstr "除了启用调试模式外，还要考虑:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:36 +msgid "" +"setting the log level of the :ref:`asyncio logger ` to " +":py:const:`logging.DEBUG`, for example the following snippet of code can be " +"run at startup of the application::" +msgstr "" +"将 :ref:`asyncio logger ` 的级别设为 " +":py:const:`logging.DEBUG`，例如下面的代码片段可以在应用程序启动时运行::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:40 +msgid "logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)" +msgstr "logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:42 +msgid "" +"configuring the :mod:`warnings` module to display :exc:`ResourceWarning` " +"warnings. One way of doing that is by using the :option:`-W` ``default`` " +"command line option." +msgstr "" +"配置 :mod:`warnings` 模块以显示 :exc:`ResourceWarning` 警告。一种方法是使用 :option:`-W` " +"``default`` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:47 +msgid "When the debug mode is enabled:" +msgstr "启用调试模式时:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:49 +msgid "" +"asyncio checks for :ref:`coroutines that were not awaited ` and logs them; this mitigates the \"forgotten " +"await\" pitfall." +msgstr "" +"asyncio 检查 :ref:`未被等待的协程 ` " +"并记录他们；这将消除“被遗忘的等待”问题。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Many non-threadsafe asyncio APIs (such as :meth:`loop.call_soon` and " +":meth:`loop.call_at` methods) raise an exception if they are called from a " +"wrong thread." +msgstr "" +"许多非线程安全的异步 APIs (例如 :meth:`loop.call_soon` 和 :meth:`loop.call_at` " +"方法)，如果从错误的线程调用，则会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:57 +msgid "" +"The execution time of the I/O selector is logged if it takes too long to " +"perform an I/O operation." +msgstr "如果执行I/O操作花费的时间太长，则记录I/O选择器的执行时间。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Callbacks taking longer than 100 milliseconds are logged. The " +":attr:`loop.slow_callback_duration` attribute can be used to set the minimum" +" execution duration in seconds that is considered \"slow\"." +msgstr "" +"执行时间超过 100 毫秒的回调会被写入日志。 :attr:`loop.slow_callback_duration` " +"属性可用于设置以秒为单位的将被视为“缓慢”的最小执行持续时间。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:68 +msgid "Concurrency and Multithreading" +msgstr "并发性和多线程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:70 +msgid "" +"An event loop runs in a thread (typically the main thread) and executes all " +"callbacks and Tasks in its thread. While a Task is running in the event " +"loop, no other Tasks can run in the same thread. When a Task executes an " +"``await`` expression, the running Task gets suspended, and the event loop " +"executes the next Task." +msgstr "" +"事件循环在线程中运行(通常是主线程)，并在其线程中执行所有回调和任务。当一个任务在事件循环中运行时，没有其他任务可以在同一个线程中运行。当一个任务执行一个" +" ``await`` 表达式时，正在运行的任务被挂起，事件循环执行下一个任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:76 +msgid "" +"To schedule a :term:`callback` from another OS thread, the " +":meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe` method should be used. Example::" +msgstr "" +"要调度来自另一 OS 线程的 :term:`callback`，应该使用 :meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe` 方法。 " +"例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:79 +msgid "loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback, *args)" +msgstr "loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback, *args)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Almost all asyncio objects are not thread safe, which is typically not a " +"problem unless there is code that works with them from outside of a Task or " +"a callback. If there's a need for such code to call a low-level asyncio " +"API, the :meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe` method should be used, e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"几乎所有异步对象都不是线程安全的，这通常不是问题，除非在任务或回调函数之外有代码可以使用它们。如果需要这样的代码来调用低级异步API，应该使用 " +":meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe` 方法，例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:87 +msgid "loop.call_soon_threadsafe(fut.cancel)" +msgstr "loop.call_soon_threadsafe(fut.cancel)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:89 +msgid "" +"To schedule a coroutine object from a different OS thread, the " +":func:`run_coroutine_threadsafe` function should be used. It returns a " +":class:`concurrent.futures.Future` to access the result::" +msgstr "" +"要从不同的OS线程调度一个协程对象，应该使用 :func:`run_coroutine_threadsafe` 函数。它返回一个 " +":class:`concurrent.futures.Future` 。查询结果::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:93 +msgid "" +"async def coro_func():\n" +" return await asyncio.sleep(1, 42)\n" +"\n" +"# Later in another OS thread:\n" +"\n" +"future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(coro_func(), loop)\n" +"# Wait for the result:\n" +"result = future.result()" +msgstr "" +"async def coro_func():\n" +" return await asyncio.sleep(1, 42)\n" +"\n" +"# 随后在另一个 OS 线程中：\n" +"\n" +"future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(coro_func(), loop)\n" +"# 等待结果：\n" +"result = future.result()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:102 +msgid "To handle signals the event loop must be run in the main thread." +msgstr "为了能处理信号事件循环必须在主线程中运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:105 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` method can be used with a " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` to execute blocking code in a" +" different OS thread without blocking the OS thread that the event loop runs" +" in." +msgstr "" +"方法 :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` 可以和 " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` " +"一起使用，用于在一个不同的操作系统线程中执行阻塞代码，并避免阻塞运行事件循环的那个操作系统线程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:110 +msgid "" +"There is currently no way to schedule coroutines or callbacks directly from " +"a different process (such as one started with :mod:`multiprocessing`). The " +":ref:`asyncio-event-loop-methods` section lists APIs that can read from " +"pipes and watch file descriptors without blocking the event loop. In " +"addition, asyncio's :ref:`Subprocess ` APIs provide a " +"way to start a process and communicate with it from the event loop. Lastly, " +"the aforementioned :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` method can also be used with" +" a :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` to execute code in a " +"different process." +msgstr "" +"目前没有办法直接从另一个进程（如使用 :mod:`multiprocessing` 启动的进程）安排协程或回调。 :ref:`asyncio-" +"event-loop-methods` 小节列出了一些可以从管道读取并监视文件描述符而不会阻塞事件循环的 API。 此外，asyncio 的 " +":ref:`子进程 ` API 提供了一种启动进程并在事件循环中与其通信的办法。 最后，之前提到的 " +":meth:`loop.run_in_executor` 方法也可以配合 " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` 使用以在另一个进程中执行代码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:124 +msgid "Running Blocking Code" +msgstr "运行阻塞的代码" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Blocking (CPU-bound) code should not be called directly. For example, if a " +"function performs a CPU-intensive calculation for 1 second, all concurrent " +"asyncio Tasks and IO operations would be delayed by 1 second." +msgstr "" +"不应该直接调用阻塞( CPU 绑定)代码。例如，如果一个函数执行1秒的 CPU 密集型计算，那么所有并发异步任务和 IO 操作都将延迟1秒。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:131 +msgid "" +"An executor can be used to run a task in a different thread or even in a " +"different process to avoid blocking the OS thread with the event loop. See " +"the :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` method for more details." +msgstr "" +"可以用执行器在不同的线程甚至不同的进程中运行任务，以避免使用事件循环阻塞 OS 线程。 请参阅 :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`" +" 方法了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:140 +msgid "Logging" +msgstr "日志记录" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:142 +msgid "" +"asyncio uses the :mod:`logging` module and all logging is performed via the " +"``\"asyncio\"`` logger." +msgstr "asyncio使用 :mod:`logging` 模块，所有日志记录都是通过 ``\"asyncio\"`` logger执行的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The default log level is :py:const:`logging.INFO`, which can be easily " +"adjusted::" +msgstr "默认的日志级别是 :py:const:`logging.INFO`，它可以被方便地调整::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:148 +msgid "logging.getLogger(\"asyncio\").setLevel(logging.WARNING)" +msgstr "logging.getLogger(\"asyncio\").setLevel(logging.WARNING)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Network logging can block the event loop. It is recommended to use a " +"separate thread for handling logs or use non-blocking IO. For example, see " +":ref:`blocking-handlers`." +msgstr "" +"网络日志会阻塞事件循环。 建议使用一个单独进程来处理日志或者使用非阻塞式 IO。 例如，可以参阅 :ref:`blocking-handlers`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:159 +msgid "Detect never-awaited coroutines" +msgstr "检测 never-awaited 协同程序" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:161 +msgid "" +"When a coroutine function is called, but not awaited (e.g. ``coro()`` " +"instead of ``await coro()``) or the coroutine is not scheduled with " +":meth:`asyncio.create_task`, asyncio will emit a :exc:`RuntimeWarning`::" +msgstr "" +"当协程函数被调用而不是被等待时 (即执行 ``coro()`` 而不是 ``await coro()``) 或者协程没有通过 " +":meth:`asyncio.create_task` 被排入计划日程，asyncio 将会发出一条 :exc:`RuntimeWarning`::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:166 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def test():\n" +" print(\"never scheduled\")\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" test()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def test():\n" +" print(\"never scheduled\")\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" test()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:176 ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:221 +msgid "Output::" +msgstr "输出::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:178 +msgid "" +"test.py:7: RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'test' was never awaited\n" +" test()" +msgstr "" +"test.py:7: RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'test' was never awaited\n" +" test()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:181 ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:237 +msgid "Output in debug mode::" +msgstr "调试模式的输出::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:183 +msgid "" +"test.py:7: RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'test' was never awaited\n" +"Coroutine created at (most recent call last)\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 9, in \n" +" asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)\n" +"\n" +" < .. >\n" +"\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 7, in main\n" +" test()\n" +" test()" +msgstr "" +"test.py:7: RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'test' was never awaited\n" +"Coroutine created at (most recent call last)\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 9, in \n" +" asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)\n" +"\n" +" < .. >\n" +"\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 7, in main\n" +" test()\n" +" test()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The usual fix is to either await the coroutine or call the " +":meth:`asyncio.create_task` function::" +msgstr "通常的修复方法是等待协程或者调用 :meth:`asyncio.create_task` 函数::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:197 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" await test()" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" await test()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:202 +msgid "Detect never-retrieved exceptions" +msgstr "检测就再也没异常" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:204 +msgid "" +"If a :meth:`Future.set_exception` is called but the Future object is never " +"awaited on, the exception would never be propagated to the user code. In " +"this case, asyncio would emit a log message when the Future object is " +"garbage collected." +msgstr "" +"如果调用 :meth:`Future.set_exception` ，但不等待 Future 对象，将异常传播到用户代码。在这种情况下，当 Future" +" 对象被垃圾收集时，asyncio将发出一条日志消息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:209 +msgid "Example of an unhandled exception::" +msgstr "未处理异常的例子::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:211 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def bug():\n" +" raise Exception(\"not consumed\")\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" asyncio.create_task(bug())\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def bug():\n" +" raise Exception(\"not consumed\")\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" asyncio.create_task(bug())\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Task exception was never retrieved\n" +"future: \n" +" exception=Exception('not consumed')>\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"test.py\", line 4, in bug\n" +" raise Exception(\"not consumed\")\n" +"Exception: not consumed" +msgstr "" +"Task exception was never retrieved\n" +"future: \n" +" exception=Exception('not consumed')>\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"test.py\", line 4, in bug\n" +" raise Exception(\"not consumed\")\n" +"Exception: not consumed" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:232 +msgid "" +":ref:`Enable the debug mode ` to get the traceback where" +" the task was created::" +msgstr ":ref:`激活调试模式 ` 以获取任务创建处的跟踪信息::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:235 +msgid "asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)" +msgstr "asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-dev.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Task exception was never retrieved\n" +"future: \n" +" exception=Exception('not consumed') created at asyncio/tasks.py:321>\n" +"\n" +"source_traceback: Object created at (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 9, in \n" +" asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)\n" +"\n" +"< .. >\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 4, in bug\n" +" raise Exception(\"not consumed\")\n" +"Exception: not consumed" +msgstr "" +"Task exception was never retrieved\n" +"future: \n" +" exception=Exception('not consumed') created at asyncio/tasks.py:321>\n" +"\n" +"source_traceback: Object created at (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 9, in \n" +" asyncio.run(main(), debug=True)\n" +"\n" +"< .. >\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"../t.py\", line 4, in bug\n" +" raise Exception(\"not consumed\")\n" +"Exception: not consumed" diff --git a/library/asyncio-eventloop.po b/library/asyncio-eventloop.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ef4862e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-eventloop.po @@ -0,0 +1,2971 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# 林行众 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# WH-2099 , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:8 +msgid "Event Loop" +msgstr "事件循环" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:10 +msgid "" +"**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/events.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_events.py`" +msgstr "" +"**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/events.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_events.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:16 +msgid "Preface" +msgstr "前言" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The event loop is the core of every asyncio application. Event loops run " +"asynchronous tasks and callbacks, perform network IO operations, and run " +"subprocesses." +msgstr "事件循环是每个 asyncio 应用的核心。 事件循环会运行异步任务和回调，执行网络 IO 操作，以及运行子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Application developers should typically use the high-level asyncio " +"functions, such as :func:`asyncio.run`, and should rarely need to reference " +"the loop object or call its methods. This section is intended mostly for " +"authors of lower-level code, libraries, and frameworks, who need finer " +"control over the event loop behavior." +msgstr "" +"应用开发者通常应当使用高层级的 asyncio 函数，例如 :func:`asyncio.run`，应当很少有必要引用循环对象或调用其方法。 " +"本节所针对的主要是低层级代码、库和框架的编写者，他们需要更细致地控制事件循环行为。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:28 +msgid "Obtaining the Event Loop" +msgstr "获取事件循环" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The following low-level functions can be used to get, set, or create an " +"event loop:" +msgstr "以下低层级函数可被用于获取、设置或创建事件循环:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:34 +msgid "Return the running event loop in the current OS thread." +msgstr "返回当前 OS 线程中正在运行的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:36 +msgid "Raise a :exc:`RuntimeError` if there is no running event loop." +msgstr "如果没有正在运行的事件循环则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:38 +msgid "This function can only be called from a coroutine or a callback." +msgstr "此函数只能由协程或回调来调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:44 +msgid "Get the current event loop." +msgstr "获取当前事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:46 +msgid "" +"When called from a coroutine or a callback (e.g. scheduled with call_soon or" +" similar API), this function will always return the running event loop." +msgstr "当在协程或回调中被调用时（例如通过 call_soon 或类似 API 加入计划任务），此函数将始终返回正在运行的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:50 +msgid "" +"If there is no running event loop set, the function will return the result " +"of the ``get_event_loop_policy().get_event_loop()`` call." +msgstr "" +"如果没有设置正在运行的事件循环，此函数将返回 ``get_event_loop_policy().get_event_loop()`` 调用的结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Because this function has rather complex behavior (especially when custom " +"event loop policies are in use), using the :func:`get_running_loop` function" +" is preferred to :func:`get_event_loop` in coroutines and callbacks." +msgstr "" +"由于此函数具有相当复杂的行为（特别是在使用了自定义事件循环策略的时候），更推荐在协程和回调中使用 :func:`get_running_loop` " +"函数而非 :func:`get_event_loop`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:58 +msgid "" +"As noted above, consider using the higher-level :func:`asyncio.run` " +"function, instead of using these lower level functions to manually create " +"and close an event loop." +msgstr "如上文所说，请考虑使用高层级的 :func:`asyncio.run` 函数，而不是使用这些低层级的函数来手动创建和关闭事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if there is no current event loop. In some " +"future Python release this will become an error." +msgstr "如果没有当前事件循环则会发出弃用警告。 在未来的 Python 发布版中这将被改为错误。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:68 +msgid "Set *loop* as the current event loop for the current OS thread." +msgstr "将 *loop* 设为当前 OS 线程的当前事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:72 +msgid "Create and return a new event loop object." +msgstr "创建并返回一个新的事件循环对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Note that the behaviour of :func:`get_event_loop`, :func:`set_event_loop`, " +"and :func:`new_event_loop` functions can be altered by :ref:`setting a " +"custom event loop policy `." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :func:`get_event_loop`, :func:`set_event_loop` 以及 :func:`new_event_loop`" +" 函数的行为可以通过 :ref:`设置自定义事件循环策略 ` 来改变。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:80 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:81 +msgid "This documentation page contains the following sections:" +msgstr "本文档包含下列小节:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:83 +msgid "" +"The `Event Loop Methods`_ section is the reference documentation of the " +"event loop APIs;" +msgstr "`事件循环方法集`_ 章节是事件循环APIs的参考文档；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:86 +msgid "" +"The `Callback Handles`_ section documents the :class:`Handle` and " +":class:`TimerHandle` instances which are returned from scheduling methods " +"such as :meth:`loop.call_soon` and :meth:`loop.call_later`;" +msgstr "" +"`回调处理`_ 章节是从调度方法 例如 :meth:`loop.call_soon` 和 :meth:`loop.call_later` 中返回 " +":class:`Handle` 和 :class:`TimerHandle` 实例的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:90 +msgid "" +"The `Server Objects`_ section documents types returned from event loop " +"methods like :meth:`loop.create_server`;" +msgstr "`Server Objects`_ 章节记录了从事件循环方法返回的类型，比如 :meth:`loop.create_server` ；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The `Event Loop Implementations`_ section documents the " +":class:`SelectorEventLoop` and :class:`ProactorEventLoop` classes;" +msgstr "" +"`Event Loop Implementations`_ 章节记录了 :class:`SelectorEventLoop` 和 " +":class:`ProactorEventLoop` 类；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:96 +msgid "" +"The `Examples`_ section showcases how to work with some event loop APIs." +msgstr "`Examples`_ 章节展示了如何使用某些事件循环API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:103 +msgid "Event Loop Methods" +msgstr "事件循环方法集" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:105 +msgid "Event loops have **low-level** APIs for the following:" +msgstr "事件循环有下列 **低级** APIs：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:113 +msgid "Running and stopping the loop" +msgstr "运行和停止循环" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:117 +msgid "Run until the *future* (an instance of :class:`Future`) has completed." +msgstr "运行直到 *future* ( :class:`Future` 的实例 ) 被完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:120 +msgid "" +"If the argument is a :ref:`coroutine object ` it is implicitly " +"scheduled to run as a :class:`asyncio.Task`." +msgstr "" +"如果参数是 :ref:`coroutine object ` ，将被隐式调度为 :class:`asyncio.Task` " +"来运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:123 +msgid "Return the Future's result or raise its exception." +msgstr "返回 Future 的结果 或者引发相关异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:127 +msgid "Run the event loop until :meth:`stop` is called." +msgstr "运行事件循环直到 :meth:`stop` 被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:129 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`stop` is called before :meth:`run_forever` is called, the loop " +"will poll the I/O selector once with a timeout of zero, run all callbacks " +"scheduled in response to I/O events (and those that were already scheduled)," +" and then exit." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`stop` 在调用 :meth:`run_forever` 之前被调用，循环将轮询一次 I/O " +"选择器并设置超时为零，再运行所有已加入计划任务的回调来响应 I/O 事件（以及已加入计划任务的事件），然后退出。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:134 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`stop` is called while :meth:`run_forever` is running, the loop " +"will run the current batch of callbacks and then exit. Note that new " +"callbacks scheduled by callbacks will not run in this case; instead, they " +"will run the next time :meth:`run_forever` or :meth:`run_until_complete` is " +"called." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`stop` 在 :meth:`run_forever` 运行期间被调用，循环将运行当前批次的回调然后退出。 " +"请注意在此情况下由回调加入计划任务的新回调将不会运行；它们将会在下次 :meth:`run_forever` 或 " +":meth:`run_until_complete` 被调用时运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:142 +msgid "Stop the event loop." +msgstr "停止事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:146 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the event loop is currently running." +msgstr "返回 ``True`` 如果事件循环当前正在运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:150 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the event loop was closed." +msgstr "如果事件循环已经被关闭，返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:154 +msgid "Close the event loop." +msgstr "关闭事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:156 +msgid "" +"The loop must not be running when this function is called. Any pending " +"callbacks will be discarded." +msgstr "当这个函数被调用的时候，循环必须处于非运行状态。pending状态的回调将被丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:159 +msgid "" +"This method clears all queues and shuts down the executor, but does not wait" +" for the executor to finish." +msgstr "此方法清除所有的队列并立即关闭执行器，不会等待执行器完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:162 +msgid "" +"This method is idempotent and irreversible. No other methods should be " +"called after the event loop is closed." +msgstr "这个方法是幂等的和不可逆的。事件循环关闭后，不应调用其他方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Schedule all currently open :term:`asynchronous generator` objects to close " +"with an :meth:`~agen.aclose` call. After calling this method, the event " +"loop will issue a warning if a new asynchronous generator is iterated. This " +"should be used to reliably finalize all scheduled asynchronous generators." +msgstr "" +"安装所有当前打开的 :term:`asynchronous generator` 对象通过 :meth:`~agen.aclose` 调用来关闭。 " +"在调用此方法后，如果有新的异步生成器被迭代则事件循环将会发出警告。 这应当被用来可靠地最终化所有已加入计划任务的异步生成器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Note that there is no need to call this function when :func:`asyncio.run` is" +" used." +msgstr "请注意当使用 :func:`asyncio.run` 时不必调用此函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:177 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1301 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1750 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:179 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())\n" +" loop.close()" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())\n" +" loop.close()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Schedule the closure of the default executor and wait for it to join all of " +"the threads in the :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`. Once " +"this method has been called, using the default executor with " +":meth:`loop.run_in_executor` will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +"安排默认执行器的关闭并等待它合并 :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 中的所有线程。 " +"一旦此方法被调用，将默认执行器与 :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` 一起使用将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:196 +msgid "" +"The *timeout* parameter specifies the amount of time (in :class:`float` " +"seconds) the executor will be given to finish joining. With the default, " +"``None``, the executor is allowed an unlimited amount of time." +msgstr "" +"*timeout* 形参指定提供给执行器结束合并的时间限制（为 :class:`float` 形式的秒数）。 在默认情况下，该值为 " +"``None``，即允许执行器无时间限制地执行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:201 +msgid "" +"If the *timeout* is reached, a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` is emitted and the " +"default executor is terminated without waiting for its threads to finish " +"joining." +msgstr "如果达到了 *timeout*，将会发出 :exc:`RuntimeWarning` 并且默认执行器将会终结而不等待其线程结束合并。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Do not call this method when using :func:`asyncio.run`, as the latter " +"handles default executor shutdown automatically." +msgstr "当使用 :func:`asyncio.run` 不要调用此方法，因为它会自动处理默认执行器的关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:212 +msgid "Added the *timeout* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *timeout* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:216 +msgid "Scheduling callbacks" +msgstr "安排回调" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Schedule the *callback* :term:`callback` to be called with *args* arguments " +"at the next iteration of the event loop." +msgstr "安排 *callback* :term:`callback` 在事件循环的下一次迭代时附带 *args* 参数被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Return an instance of :class:`asyncio.Handle`, which can be used later to " +"cancel the callback." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`asyncio.Handle` 的实例，可在此后被用来取消回调。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Callbacks are called in the order in which they are registered. Each " +"callback will be called exactly once." +msgstr "回调按其注册顺序被调用。每个回调仅被调用一次。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:229 +msgid "" +"The optional keyword-only *context* argument specifies a custom " +":class:`contextvars.Context` for the *callback* to run in. Callbacks use the" +" current context when no *context* is provided." +msgstr "" +"可选的仅限关键字参数 *context* 指定一个自定义的 :class:`contextvars.Context` 供 *callback* " +"在其中运行。 当未提供 *context* 时回调将使用当前上下文。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:233 +msgid "Unlike :meth:`call_soon_threadsafe`, this method is not thread-safe." +msgstr "与 :meth:`call_soon_threadsafe` 不同，此方法不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:237 +msgid "" +"A thread-safe variant of :meth:`call_soon`. When scheduling callbacks from " +"another thread, this function *must* be used, since :meth:`call_soon` is not" +" thread-safe." +msgstr "" +":meth:`call_soon` 的线程安全版。 当从另一个线程安排回调时，*必须* 使用此函数，因为 :meth:`call_soon` " +"不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:241 +msgid "" +"This function is safe to be called from a reentrant context or signal " +"handler, however, it is not safe or fruitful to use the returned handle in " +"such contexts." +msgstr "此函数可以从一个重入上下文或信号处理器安全地调用，不过，在这样的上下文中使用所返回的句柄则不是安全或有益的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`RuntimeError` if called on a loop that's been closed. This can " +"happen on a secondary thread when the main application is shutting down." +msgstr "如果在已被关闭的循环上调用则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 这可能会在主应用程序被关闭时在二级线程上发生。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:248 +msgid "" +"See the :ref:`concurrency and multithreading ` " +"section of the documentation." +msgstr "" +"参见 :ref:`concurrency and multithreading ` 部分的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:251 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:301 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The *context* keyword-only parameter was added. See :pep:`567` for more " +"details." +msgstr "加入键值类形参 *context*。请参阅 :pep:`567` 查看更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Most :mod:`asyncio` scheduling functions don't allow passing keyword " +"arguments. To do that, use :func:`functools.partial`::" +msgstr "大多数 :mod:`asyncio` 的调度函数不让传递关键字参数。为此，请使用 :func:`functools.partial` ：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:262 +msgid "" +"# will schedule \"print(\"Hello\", flush=True)\"\n" +"loop.call_soon(\n" +" functools.partial(print, \"Hello\", flush=True))" +msgstr "" +"# 将把 \"print(\"Hello\", flush=True)\" 加入计划任务\n" +"loop.call_soon(\n" +" functools.partial(print, \"Hello\", flush=True))" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Using partial objects is usually more convenient than using lambdas, as " +"asyncio can render partial objects better in debug and error messages." +msgstr "使用 partial 对象通常比使用lambda更方便，asyncio 在调试和错误消息中能更好的呈现 partial 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:274 +msgid "Scheduling delayed callbacks" +msgstr "调度延迟回调" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Event loop provides mechanisms to schedule callback functions to be called " +"at some point in the future. Event loop uses monotonic clocks to track " +"time." +msgstr "事件循环提供安排调度函数在将来某个时刻调用的机制。事件循环使用单调时钟来跟踪时间。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Schedule *callback* to be called after the given *delay* number of seconds " +"(can be either an int or a float)." +msgstr "安排 *callback* 在给定的 *delay* 秒（可以是 int 或者 float）后被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:286 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:318 +msgid "" +"An instance of :class:`asyncio.TimerHandle` is returned which can be used to" +" cancel the callback." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`asyncio.TimerHandle` 实例，该实例能用于取消回调。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:289 +msgid "" +"*callback* will be called exactly once. If two callbacks are scheduled for " +"exactly the same time, the order in which they are called is undefined." +msgstr "*callback* 只被调用一次。如果两个回调被安排在同样的时间点，执行顺序未限定。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:293 +msgid "" +"The optional positional *args* will be passed to the callback when it is " +"called. If you want the callback to be called with keyword arguments use " +":func:`functools.partial`." +msgstr "" +"可选的位置参数 *args* 在被调用的时候传递给 *callback*  。 如果你想把关键字参数传递给 *callback* ，请使用 " +":func:`functools.partial` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:297 +msgid "" +"An optional keyword-only *context* argument allows specifying a custom " +":class:`contextvars.Context` for the *callback* to run in. The current " +"context is used when no *context* is provided." +msgstr "" +"可选键值类的参数 *context* 允许 *callback* 运行在一个指定的自定义 :class:`contextvars.Context` " +"对象中。如果没有提供 *context* ，则使用当前上下文。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:305 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.7 and earlier with the default event loop implementation, the " +"*delay* could not exceed one day. This has been fixed in Python 3.8." +msgstr "在 Python 3.7 和更早版本的默认事件循环实现中， *delay* 不能超过一天。 这在 Python 3.8 中已被修复。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Schedule *callback* to be called at the given absolute timestamp *when* (an " +"int or a float), using the same time reference as :meth:`loop.time`." +msgstr "" +"安排 *callback* 在给定的绝对时间戳 *when* (int 或 float) 被调用，使用与 :meth:`loop.time` " +"同样的时间参考。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:316 +msgid "This method's behavior is the same as :meth:`call_later`." +msgstr "本方法的行为和 :meth:`call_later` 方法相同。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:325 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.7 and earlier with the default event loop implementation, the " +"difference between *when* and the current time could not exceed one day. " +"This has been fixed in Python 3.8." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.7 和更早版本的默认事件循环实现中，*when* 和当前时间相差不能超过一天。 在这 Python 3.8 中已被修复。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Return the current time, as a :class:`float` value, according to the event " +"loop's internal monotonic clock." +msgstr "根据时间循环内部的单调时钟，返回当前时间为一个 :class:`float` 值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:336 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.7 and earlier timeouts (relative *delay* or absolute *when*) " +"should not exceed one day. This has been fixed in Python 3.8." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.7 和更早版本中超时 (相对的 *delay* 或绝对的 *when*) 不能超过一天。 这在 Python 3.8 中已被修复。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:342 +msgid "The :func:`asyncio.sleep` function." +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.sleep` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:346 +msgid "Creating Futures and Tasks" +msgstr "创建 Future 和 Task" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:350 +msgid "Create an :class:`asyncio.Future` object attached to the event loop." +msgstr "创建一个附加到事件循环中的 :class:`asyncio.Future` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:352 +msgid "" +"This is the preferred way to create Futures in asyncio. This lets third-" +"party event loops provide alternative implementations of the Future object " +"(with better performance or instrumentation)." +msgstr "这是在asyncio中创建Futures的首选方式。这让第三方事件循环可以提供Future 对象的替代实现(更好的性能或者功能)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Schedule the execution of :ref:`coroutine ` *coro*. Return a " +":class:`Task` object." +msgstr "将 :ref:`协程 ` *coro* 的执行加入计划任务。 返回一个 :class:`Task` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Third-party event loops can use their own subclass of :class:`Task` for " +"interoperability. In this case, the result type is a subclass of " +":class:`Task`." +msgstr "" +"第三方的事件循环可以使用它们自己的 :class:`Task` 子类来满足互操作性。这种情况下结果类型是一个 :class:`Task` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:367 +msgid "" +"If the *name* argument is provided and not ``None``, it is set as the name " +"of the task using :meth:`Task.set_name`." +msgstr "如果提供了 *name* 参数且不为 ``None``，它会使用 :meth:`Task.set_name` 来设为任务的名称。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:370 +msgid "" +"An optional keyword-only *context* argument allows specifying a custom " +":class:`contextvars.Context` for the *coro* to run in. The current context " +"copy is created when no *context* is provided." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *context* 参数允许指定自定义的 :class:`contextvars.Context` 供 *coro* 运行。 当未提供 " +"*context* 时将创建当前上下文的副本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:374 +msgid "Added the *name* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *name* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:377 +msgid "Added the *context* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *context* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:382 +msgid "Set a task factory that will be used by :meth:`loop.create_task`." +msgstr "设置一个任务工厂，它将由 :meth:`loop.create_task` 来使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:385 +msgid "" +"If *factory* is ``None`` the default task factory will be set. Otherwise, " +"*factory* must be a *callable* with the signature matching ``(loop, coro, " +"**kwargs)``, where *loop* is a reference to the active event loop, and " +"*coro* is a coroutine object. The callable must pass on all *kwargs*, and " +"return a :class:`asyncio.Task`-compatible object." +msgstr "" +"如果 *factory* 为 ``None`` 则将设置默认的任务工厂。 在其他情况下，*factory* 必须是一个 *可调用对象* 且其签名要匹配 " +"``(loop, coro, **kwargs)``，其中 *loop* 是一个指向活动事件循环的引用，而 *coro* 是一个协程对象。 " +"该可调用对象必须传给所有 *kwargs*，并且返回一个 :class:`asyncio.Task` 兼容对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:393 +msgid "Return a task factory or ``None`` if the default one is in use." +msgstr "返回一个任务工厂，或者如果是使用默认值则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:397 +msgid "Opening network connections" +msgstr "打开网络连接" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Open a streaming transport connection to a given address specified by *host*" +" and *port*." +msgstr "打开一个流式传输连接，连接到由 *host* 和 *port* 指定的地址。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:412 +msgid "" +"The socket family can be either :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET` or " +":py:const:`~socket.AF_INET6` depending on *host* (or the *family* argument, " +"if provided)." +msgstr "" +"套接字族可以是 :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET` 或 :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET6`，具体取决于 " +"*host* (或 *family* 参数，如果有提供的话)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:416 +msgid "The socket type will be :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`." +msgstr "套接字类型将为 :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:418 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1211 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1228 +msgid "" +"*protocol_factory* must be a callable returning an :ref:`asyncio protocol " +"` implementation." +msgstr "" +"*protocol_factory* 必须为一个返回 :ref:`asyncio 协议 ` 实现的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:421 +msgid "" +"This method will try to establish the connection in the background. When " +"successful, it returns a ``(transport, protocol)`` pair." +msgstr "这个方法会尝试在后台创建连接。当创建成功，返回 ``(transport, protocol)`` 组合。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:424 +msgid "The chronological synopsis of the underlying operation is as follows:" +msgstr "底层操作的大致的执行顺序是这样的：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:426 +msgid "" +"The connection is established and a :ref:`transport ` is " +"created for it." +msgstr "创建连接并为其创建一个 :ref:`传输 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:429 +msgid "" +"*protocol_factory* is called without arguments and is expected to return a " +":ref:`protocol ` instance." +msgstr "不带参数地调用 *protocol_factory* 并预期返回一个 :ref:`协议 ` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:432 +msgid "" +"The protocol instance is coupled with the transport by calling its " +":meth:`~BaseProtocol.connection_made` method." +msgstr "协议实例通过调用其 :meth:`~BaseProtocol.connection_made` 方法与传输进行配对。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:435 +msgid "A ``(transport, protocol)`` tuple is returned on success." +msgstr "成功时返回一个 ``(transport, protocol)`` 元组。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:437 +msgid "" +"The created transport is an implementation-dependent bidirectional stream." +msgstr "创建的传输是一个具体实现相关的双向流。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:440 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:573 +msgid "Other arguments:" +msgstr "其他参数：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:442 +msgid "" +"*ssl*: if given and not false, a SSL/TLS transport is created (by default a " +"plain TCP transport is created). If *ssl* is a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` " +"object, this context is used to create the transport; if *ssl* is " +":const:`True`, a default context returned from " +":func:`ssl.create_default_context` is used." +msgstr "" +"*ssl*: 如果给定该参数且不为假值，则会创建一个 SSL/TLS 传输（默认创建一个纯 TCP 传输）。 如果 *ssl* 是一个 " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 对象，则会使用此上下文来创建传输对象；如果 *ssl* 为 :const:`True`，则会使用从 " +":func:`ssl.create_default_context` 返回的默认上下文。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:448 +msgid ":ref:`SSL/TLS security considerations `" +msgstr ":ref:`SSL/TLS security considerations `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:450 +msgid "" +"*server_hostname* sets or overrides the hostname that the target server's " +"certificate will be matched against. Should only be passed if *ssl* is not " +"``None``. By default the value of the *host* argument is used. If *host* " +"is empty, there is no default and you must pass a value for " +"*server_hostname*. If *server_hostname* is an empty string, hostname " +"matching is disabled (which is a serious security risk, allowing for " +"potential man-in-the-middle attacks)." +msgstr "" +"*server_hostname* 设置或覆盖目标服务器的证书将要匹配的主机名。 应当只在 *ssl* 不为 ``None`` 时传入。 " +"默认情况下会使用 *host* 参数的值。 如果 *host* 为空那就没有默认值，你必须为 *server_hostname* 传入一个值。 如果 " +"*server_hostname* 为空字符串，则主机名匹配会被禁用（这是一个严重的安全风险，使得潜在的中间人攻击成为可能）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:458 +msgid "" +"*family*, *proto*, *flags* are the optional address family, protocol and " +"flags to be passed through to getaddrinfo() for *host* resolution. If given," +" these should all be integers from the corresponding :mod:`socket` module " +"constants." +msgstr "" +"*family*, *proto*, *flags* 是可选的地址族、协议和标志，它们会被传递给 getaddrinfo() 来对 *host* " +"进行解析。如果要指定的话，这些都应该是来自于 :mod:`socket` 模块的对应常量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:463 +msgid "" +"*happy_eyeballs_delay*, if given, enables Happy Eyeballs for this " +"connection. It should be a floating-point number representing the amount of " +"time in seconds to wait for a connection attempt to complete, before " +"starting the next attempt in parallel. This is the \"Connection Attempt " +"Delay\" as defined in :rfc:`8305`. A sensible default value recommended by " +"the RFC is ``0.25`` (250 milliseconds)." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *happy_eyeballs_delay*，它将为此链接启用 Happy Eyeballs。 " +"该函数应当为一个表示在开始下一个并行尝试之前要等待连接尝试完成的秒数的浮点数。 这也就是在 :rfc:`8305` 中定义的 \"连接尝试延迟\"。 该" +" RFC 所推荐的合理默认值为 ``0.25`` (250 毫秒)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:471 +msgid "" +"*interleave* controls address reordering when a host name resolves to " +"multiple IP addresses. If ``0`` or unspecified, no reordering is done, and " +"addresses are tried in the order returned by :meth:`getaddrinfo`. If a " +"positive integer is specified, the addresses are interleaved by address " +"family, and the given integer is interpreted as \"First Address Family " +"Count\" as defined in :rfc:`8305`. The default is ``0`` if " +"*happy_eyeballs_delay* is not specified, and ``1`` if it is." +msgstr "" +"*interleave* 控制当主机名解析为多个 IP 地址时的地址重排序。 如果该参数为 ``0`` 或未指定，则不会进行重排序，这些地址会按 " +":meth:`getaddrinfo` 所返回的顺序进行尝试。 如果指定了一个正整数，这些地址会按地址族交错排列，而指定的整数会被解读为 " +":rfc:`8305` 所定义的 \"首个地址族计数\"。 如果 *happy_eyeballs_delay* 未指定则默认值为 ``0``，否则为 " +"``1``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:480 +msgid "" +"*sock*, if given, should be an existing, already connected " +":class:`socket.socket` object to be used by the transport. If *sock* is " +"given, none of *host*, *port*, *family*, *proto*, *flags*, " +"*happy_eyeballs_delay*, *interleave* and *local_addr* should be specified." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *sock*，它应当是一个已存在、已连接并将被传输所使用的 :class:`socket.socket` 对象。 如果给出了 *sock*，则" +" *host*, *port*, *family*, *proto*, *flags*, *happy_eyeballs_delay*, " +"*interleave* 和 *local_addr* 都不应当被指定。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:488 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:604 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:852 +msgid "" +"The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the transport " +"created. To close the socket, call the transport's " +":meth:`~asyncio.BaseTransport.close` method." +msgstr "" +"*sock* 参数可将套接字的所有权转给所创建的传输。 要关闭该套接字，请调用传输的 " +":meth:`~asyncio.BaseTransport.close` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:492 +msgid "" +"*local_addr*, if given, is a ``(local_host, local_port)`` tuple used to bind" +" the socket locally. The *local_host* and *local_port* are looked up using " +"``getaddrinfo()``, similarly to *host* and *port*." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *local_addr*，它应当是一个用来在本地绑定套接字的 ``(local_host, local_port)`` 元组。 " +"*local_host* 和 *local_port* 会使用 ``getaddrinfo()`` 来查找，这与 *host* 和 *port* 类似。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:496 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:948 +msgid "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* is (for a TLS connection) the time in seconds to " +"wait for the TLS handshake to complete before aborting the connection. " +"``60.0`` seconds if ``None`` (default)." +msgstr "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* 是（用于 TLS 连接的）在放弃连接之前要等待 TLS 握手完成的秒数。 如果参数为 ``None`` " +"则使用 (默认的) ``60.0``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:500 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:759 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:863 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:952 +msgid "" +"*ssl_shutdown_timeout* is the time in seconds to wait for the SSL shutdown " +"to complete before aborting the connection. ``30.0`` seconds if ``None`` " +"(default)." +msgstr "" +"*ssl_shutdown_timeout* 是在放弃连接之前要等待 SSL 关闭完成的秒数。 如为 ``None`` (默认值) 则使用 " +"``30.0``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:504 +msgid "" +"*all_errors* determines what exceptions are raised when a connection cannot " +"be created. By default, only a single ``Exception`` is raised: the first " +"exception if there is only one or all errors have same message, or a single " +"``OSError`` with the error messages combined. When ``all_errors`` is " +"``True``, an ``ExceptionGroup`` will be raised containing all exceptions " +"(even if there is only one)." +msgstr "" +"*all_errors* 确定当无法创建连接时要引发何种异常。 在默认情况下，只有一个 ``Exception`` " +"会被引发：即只有一个异常或所有错误的消息相同，或者是合并了多个错误消息的单个 ``OSError``。 当 ``all_errors`` 为 " +"``True`` 时，将引发一个包含所有异常的 ``ExceptionGroup`` (即使只有一个异常)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:514 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:771 +msgid "Added support for SSL/TLS in :class:`ProactorEventLoop`." +msgstr ":class:`ProactorEventLoop` 类中添加 SSL/TLS 支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:518 +msgid "" +"The socket option :ref:`socket.TCP_NODELAY ` is set " +"by default for all TCP connections." +msgstr "" +"套接字选项 :ref:`socket.TCP_NODELAY ` 默认将为所有 TCP 连接设置。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:523 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:873 +msgid "Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:527 +msgid "Added the *happy_eyeballs_delay* and *interleave* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *happy_eyeballs_delay* 和 *interleave* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:529 +msgid "" +"Happy Eyeballs Algorithm: Success with Dual-Stack Hosts. When a server's " +"IPv4 path and protocol are working, but the server's IPv6 path and protocol " +"are not working, a dual-stack client application experiences significant " +"connection delay compared to an IPv4-only client. This is undesirable " +"because it causes the dual-stack client to have a worse user experience. " +"This document specifies requirements for algorithms that reduce this user-" +"visible delay and provides an algorithm." +msgstr "" +"Happy Eyeballs 算法：成功使用双栈主机。 当服务器的 IPv4 路径和协议工作正常，但服务器的 IPv6 " +"路径和协议工作不正常时，双线客户端应用程序相比仅有 IPv4 的客户端会感受到明显的连接延迟。 这是不可接受的因为它会导致双栈客户端糟糕的用户体验。 " +"这篇文档指明了减少这种用户可见延迟的算法要求并提供了具体的算法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:538 +msgid "For more information: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6555" +msgstr "详情参见: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6555" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:542 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:668 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:785 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:825 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:877 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:960 +msgid "Added the *ssl_shutdown_timeout* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *ssl_shutdown_timeout* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:544 +msgid "*all_errors* was added." +msgstr "添加了 *all_errors*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:549 +msgid "" +"The :func:`open_connection` function is a high-level alternative API. It " +"returns a pair of (:class:`StreamReader`, :class:`StreamWriter`) that can be" +" used directly in async/await code." +msgstr "" +":func:`open_connection` 函数是一个高层级的替代 API。 它返回一对 (:class:`StreamReader`, " +":class:`StreamWriter`)，可在 async/await 代码中直接使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:560 +msgid "Create a datagram connection." +msgstr "创建一个数据报连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:562 +msgid "" +"The socket family can be either :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET`, " +":py:const:`~socket.AF_INET6`, or :py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX`, depending on " +"*host* (or the *family* argument, if provided)." +msgstr "" +"套接字族可以是 :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET`, :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET6` 或 " +":py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX`，具体取决于 *host* (或 *family* 参数，如果有提供的话)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:566 +msgid "The socket type will be :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`." +msgstr "套接字类型将为 :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:568 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:695 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:844 +msgid "" +"*protocol_factory* must be a callable returning a :ref:`protocol ` implementation." +msgstr "*protocol_factory* 必须为一个返回 :ref:`协议 ` 实现的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:571 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:650 +msgid "A tuple of ``(transport, protocol)`` is returned on success." +msgstr "成功时返回一个 ``(transport, protocol)`` 元组。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:575 +msgid "" +"*local_addr*, if given, is a ``(local_host, local_port)`` tuple used to bind" +" the socket locally. The *local_host* and *local_port* are looked up using " +":meth:`getaddrinfo`." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *local_addr*，它应当是一个用来在本地绑定套接字的 ``(local_host, local_port)`` 元组。 " +"*local_host* 和 *local_port* 是使用 :meth:`getaddrinfo` 来查找的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:579 +msgid "" +"*remote_addr*, if given, is a ``(remote_host, remote_port)`` tuple used to " +"connect the socket to a remote address. The *remote_host* and *remote_port*" +" are looked up using :meth:`getaddrinfo`." +msgstr "" +"*remote_addr*，如果指定的话，就是一个 ``(remote_host, remote_port)`` " +"元组，用于同一个远程地址连接。*remote_host* 和 *remote_port* 是使用 :meth:`getaddrinfo` 来查找的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:583 +msgid "" +"*family*, *proto*, *flags* are the optional address family, protocol and " +"flags to be passed through to :meth:`getaddrinfo` for *host* resolution. If " +"given, these should all be integers from the corresponding :mod:`socket` " +"module constants." +msgstr "" +"*family*, *proto*, *flags* 是可选的地址族，协议和标志，其会被传递给 :meth:`getaddrinfo` 来完成 " +"*host* 的解析。如果要指定的话，这些都应该是来自于 :mod:`socket` 模块的对应常量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:588 +msgid "" +"*reuse_port* tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to the same" +" port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as they all set this" +" flag when being created. This option is not supported on Windows and some " +"Unixes. If the :ref:`socket.SO_REUSEPORT ` constant " +"is not defined then this capability is unsupported." +msgstr "" +"*reuse_port* 告知内核允许此端点绑定到其他现有端点所绑定的相同端口上，只要它们在创建时都设置了这个旗标。 这个选项在 Windows 和某些" +" Unix 上将不受支持。 如果 :ref:`socket.SO_REUSEPORT ` " +"常量未被定义那么该功能就是不受支持的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:594 +msgid "" +"*allow_broadcast* tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to send messages " +"to the broadcast address." +msgstr "*allow_broadcast* 告知内核允许此端点向广播地址发送消息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:597 +msgid "" +"*sock* can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting, already " +"connected, :class:`socket.socket` object to be used by the transport. If " +"specified, *local_addr* and *remote_addr* should be omitted (must be " +":const:`None`)." +msgstr "" +"*sock* 可选择通过指定此值用于使用一个预先存在的，已经处于连接状态的 :class:`socket.socket` " +"对象，并将其提供给此传输对象使用。如果指定了这个值， *local_addr* 和 *remote_addr* 就应该被忽略 (必须为 " +":const:`None`)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:608 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`UDP echo client protocol ` and " +":ref:`UDP echo server protocol ` examples." +msgstr "" +"参见 :ref:`UDP echo 客户端协议 ` 和 :ref:`UDP " +"echo 服务端协议 ` 的例子。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:611 +msgid "" +"The *family*, *proto*, *flags*, *reuse_address*, *reuse_port*, " +"*allow_broadcast*, and *sock* parameters were added." +msgstr "" +"添加了 *family*, *proto*, *flags*, *reuse_address*, *reuse_port*, " +"*allow_broadcast* 和 *sock* 等形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:615 +msgid "Added support for Windows." +msgstr "添加WIndows的支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:618 +msgid "" +"The *reuse_address* parameter is no longer supported, as using " +":ref:`socket.SO_REUSEADDR ` poses a significant " +"security concern for UDP. Explicitly passing ``reuse_address=True`` will " +"raise an exception." +msgstr "" +"*reuse_address* 形参已不再受支持，因为使用 :ref:`socket.SO_REUSEADDR ` 对于 UDP 会造成显著的安全问题。 显式地传入 ``reuse_address=True`` 将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:624 +msgid "" +"When multiple processes with differing UIDs assign sockets to an identical " +"UDP socket address with ``SO_REUSEADDR``, incoming packets can become " +"randomly distributed among the sockets." +msgstr "" +"当具有不同 UID 的多个进程将套接字赋给具有 ``SO_REUSEADDR`` 的相同 UDP 套接字地址时，传入的数据包可能会在套接字间随机分配。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:628 +msgid "" +"For supported platforms, *reuse_port* can be used as a replacement for " +"similar functionality. With *reuse_port*, :ref:`socket.SO_REUSEPORT ` is used instead, which specifically prevents processes with" +" differing UIDs from assigning sockets to the same socket address." +msgstr "" +"对于受支持的平台，可以使用 *reuse_port* 作为类似功能的替代。 通过 *reuse_port*，将会改用 " +":ref:`socket.SO_REUSEPORT `，它能防止具有不同 UID " +"的进程将套接字赋给相同的套接字地址。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:635 +msgid "" +"The *reuse_address* parameter, disabled since Python 3.8.1, 3.7.6 and " +"3.6.10, has been entirely removed." +msgstr "自 Python 3.8.1, 3.7.6 和 3.6.10 起被禁用的 *reuse_address* 形参现已被完全移除。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:645 +msgid "Create a Unix connection." +msgstr "创建Unix 连接" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:647 +msgid "" +"The socket family will be :py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX`; socket type will be " +":py:const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`." +msgstr "" +"套接字族将为 :py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX`；套接字类型将为 :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:652 +msgid "" +"*path* is the name of a Unix domain socket and is required, unless a *sock* " +"parameter is specified. Abstract Unix sockets, :class:`str`, " +":class:`bytes`, and :class:`~pathlib.Path` paths are supported." +msgstr "" +"*path* 是所要求的 Unix 域套接字的名字，除非指定了 *sock* 形参。 抽象的 Unix 套接字, :class:`str`, " +":class:`bytes` 和 :class:`~pathlib.Path` 路径都是受支持的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:657 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of the :meth:`loop.create_connection` method for " +"information about arguments to this method." +msgstr "请查看 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 方法的文档了解有关此方法的参数的信息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:660 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:816 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1281 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1821 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1828 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* parameter. The *path* parameter can now be" +" a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "" +"增加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 参数。现在 *path* 参数可以是一个 :term:`path-like object` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:672 +msgid "Creating network servers" +msgstr "创建网络服务" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:688 +msgid "" +"Create a TCP server (socket type :const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`) listening on " +"*port* of the *host* address." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 TCP 服务器 (套接字类型 :const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`) 在 *host* 地址的 *port* 上进行监听。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:691 +msgid "Returns a :class:`Server` object." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`Server` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:693 +msgid "Arguments:" +msgstr "参数：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:698 +msgid "" +"The *host* parameter can be set to several types which determine where the " +"server would be listening:" +msgstr "*host* 形参可被设为几种类型，它确定了服务器所应监听的位置:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:701 +msgid "" +"If *host* is a string, the TCP server is bound to a single network interface" +" specified by *host*." +msgstr "如果 *host* 是一个字符串，则 TCP 服务器会被绑定到 *host* 所指明的单一网络接口。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:704 +msgid "" +"If *host* is a sequence of strings, the TCP server is bound to all network " +"interfaces specified by the sequence." +msgstr "如果 *host* 是一个字符串序列，则 TCP 服务器会被绑定到序列所指明的所有网络接口。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:707 +msgid "" +"If *host* is an empty string or ``None``, all interfaces are assumed and a " +"list of multiple sockets will be returned (most likely one for IPv4 and " +"another one for IPv6)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *host* 是一个空字符串或 ``None``，则会应用所有接口并将返回包含多个套接字的列表（通常是一个 IPv4 的加一个 IPv6 的）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:711 +msgid "" +"The *port* parameter can be set to specify which port the server should " +"listen on. If ``0`` or ``None`` (the default), a random unused port will be " +"selected (note that if *host* resolves to multiple network interfaces, a " +"different random port will be selected for each interface)." +msgstr "" +"可以设置 *port* 参数来指定服务器应该监听哪个端口。如果为 ``0`` 或者 ``None`` （默认），将选择一个随机的未使用的端口（注意，如果" +" *host* 解析到多个网络接口，将为每个接口选择一个不同的随机端口）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:716 +msgid "" +"*family* can be set to either :const:`socket.AF_INET` or " +":const:`~socket.AF_INET6` to force the socket to use IPv4 or IPv6. If not " +"set, the *family* will be determined from host name (defaults to " +":const:`~socket.AF_UNSPEC`)." +msgstr "" +"*family* 可被设为 :const:`socket.AF_INET` 或 :const:`~socket.AF_INET6` 以强制此套接字使用 " +"IPv4 或 IPv6。 如果未设定，则 *family* 将通过主机名为确定 (默认为 :const:`~socket.AF_UNSPEC`)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:721 +msgid "*flags* is a bitmask for :meth:`getaddrinfo`." +msgstr "*flags* 是用于 :meth:`getaddrinfo` 的位掩码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:723 +msgid "" +"*sock* can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting socket " +"object. If specified, *host* and *port* must not be specified." +msgstr "可以选择指定 *sock* 以便使用预先存在的套接字对象。 如果指定了此参数，则不可再指定 *host* 和 *port*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:728 +msgid "" +"The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the server created." +" To close the socket, call the server's :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"*sock* 参数可将套接字的所有权转给所创建的服务器。 要关闭该套接字，请调用服务器的 :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` " +"方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:732 +msgid "" +"*backlog* is the maximum number of queued connections passed to " +":meth:`~socket.socket.listen` (defaults to 100)." +msgstr "*backlog* 是传递给 :meth:`~socket.socket.listen` 的最大排队连接的数量（默认为100）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:735 +msgid "" +"*ssl* can be set to an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` instance to enable TLS over " +"the accepted connections." +msgstr "*ssl* 可被设置为一个 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 实例以在所接受的连接上启用 TLS。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:738 +msgid "" +"*reuse_address* tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in ``TIME_WAIT`` " +"state, without waiting for its natural timeout to expire. If not specified " +"will automatically be set to ``True`` on Unix." +msgstr "" +"*reuse_address* 告知内核要重用一个处于 ``TIME_WAIT`` 状态的本地套接字，而不是等待其自然超时失效。 如果未指定此参数则在 " +"Unix 上将自动设置为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:743 +msgid "" +"*reuse_port* tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to the same" +" port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as they all set this" +" flag when being created. This option is not supported on Windows." +msgstr "" +"*reuse_port* 告知内核，只要在创建的时候都设置了这个标志，就允许此端点绑定到其它端点列表所绑定的同样的端口上。这个选项在 Windows " +"上是不支持的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:748 +msgid "" +"*keep_alive* set to ``True`` keeps connections active by enabling the " +"periodic transmission of messages." +msgstr "*keep_alive* 设为 ``True`` 将通过启用定期的消息传输来使连接保持活动状态。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:753 +msgid "Added the *keep_alive* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *keep_alive* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:755 +msgid "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* is (for a TLS server) the time in seconds to wait " +"for the TLS handshake to complete before aborting the connection. ``60.0`` " +"seconds if ``None`` (default)." +msgstr "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* 是（用于 TLS 服务器的）在放弃连接之前要等待 TLS 握手完成的秒数。 如果参数为 (默认值) " +"``None`` 则为 ``60.0`` 秒。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:763 +msgid "" +"*start_serving* set to ``True`` (the default) causes the created server to " +"start accepting connections immediately. When set to ``False``, the user " +"should await on :meth:`Server.start_serving` or :meth:`Server.serve_forever`" +" to make the server to start accepting connections." +msgstr "" +"*start_serving* 设置成 ``True`` (默认值) 会导致创建server并立即开始接受连接。设置成 ``False`` " +"，用户需要等待 :meth:`Server.start_serving` 或者 :meth:`Server.serve_forever` " +"以使server开始接受连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:775 +msgid "The *host* parameter can be a sequence of strings." +msgstr "*host* 形参可以是一个字符串的序列。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Added *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters. The socket " +"option :ref:`socket.TCP_NODELAY ` is set by default " +"for all TCP connections." +msgstr "" +"增加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 和 *start_serving* 形参。 套接字选项 " +":ref:`socket.TCP_NODELAY ` 会默认为所有 TCP 连接设置。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:789 +msgid "" +"The :func:`start_server` function is a higher-level alternative API that " +"returns a pair of :class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` that can " +"be used in an async/await code." +msgstr "" +":func:`start_server` 函数是一个高层级的替代 API，它返回一对 :class:`StreamReader` 和 " +":class:`StreamWriter`，可在 async/await 代码中使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:801 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`loop.create_server` but works with the " +":py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX` socket family." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`loop.create_server` 类似但是专用于 :py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX` 套接字族。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:804 +msgid "" +"*path* is the name of a Unix domain socket, and is required, unless a *sock*" +" argument is provided. Abstract Unix sockets, :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`," +" and :class:`~pathlib.Path` paths are supported." +msgstr "" +"*path* 是必要的 Unix 域套接字名称，除非提供了 *sock* 参数。 抽象的 Unix 套接字, :class:`str`, " +":class:`bytes` 和 :class:`~pathlib.Path` 路径都是受支持的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:809 +msgid "" +"If *cleanup_socket* is true then the Unix socket will automatically be " +"removed from the filesystem when the server is closed, unless the socket has" +" been replaced after the server has been created." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cleanup_socket* 为真值那么当服务器关闭时 Unix 套接字将自动从文件系统中被移除，除非套接字在服务器创建之后被替换。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:813 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of the :meth:`loop.create_server` method for " +"information about arguments to this method." +msgstr "请查看 :meth:`loop.create_server` 方法的文档了解有关此方法的参数的信息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:820 +msgid "" +"Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters. The *path*" +" parameter can now be a :class:`~pathlib.Path` object." +msgstr "" +"增加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 和 *start_serving* 参数。现在 *path* 参数可以是一个 " +":class:`~pathlib.Path` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:829 +msgid "Added the *cleanup_socket* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *cleanup_socket* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:837 +msgid "Wrap an already accepted connection into a transport/protocol pair." +msgstr "将已被接受的连接包装成一个传输/协议对。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:839 +msgid "" +"This method can be used by servers that accept connections outside of " +"asyncio but that use asyncio to handle them." +msgstr "此方法可被服务器用来接受 asyncio 以外的连接，但是使用 asyncio 来处理它们。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:842 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:934 +msgid "Parameters:" +msgstr "参数：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:847 +msgid "" +"*sock* is a preexisting socket object returned from :meth:`socket.accept " +"`." +msgstr "" +"*sock* 是一个预先存在的套接字对象，它是由 :meth:`socket.accept ` 返回的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:856 +msgid "" +"*ssl* can be set to an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enable SSL over the " +"accepted connections." +msgstr "*ssl* 可被设置为一个 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 以在接受的连接上启用 SSL。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:859 +msgid "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* is (for an SSL connection) the time in seconds to " +"wait for the SSL handshake to complete before aborting the connection. " +"``60.0`` seconds if ``None`` (default)." +msgstr "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* 是(为一个SSL连接)在中止连接前，等待SSL握手完成的时间【单位秒】。如果为 ``None`` " +"(缺省) 则是 ``60.0`` 秒。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:867 +msgid "Returns a ``(transport, protocol)`` pair." +msgstr "返回一个 ``(transport, protocol)`` 对。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:881 +msgid "Transferring files" +msgstr "传输文件" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:887 +msgid "" +"Send a *file* over a *transport*. Return the total number of bytes sent." +msgstr "将 *file* 通过 *transport* 发送。 返回所发送的字节总数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:890 +msgid "The method uses high-performance :meth:`os.sendfile` if available." +msgstr "如果可用的话，该方法将使用高性能的 :meth:`os.sendfile`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:892 +msgid "*file* must be a regular file object opened in binary mode." +msgstr "*file* 必须是个二进制模式打开的常规文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:894 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1155 +msgid "" +"*offset* tells from where to start reading the file. If specified, *count* " +"is the total number of bytes to transmit as opposed to sending the file " +"until EOF is reached. File position is always updated, even when this method" +" raises an error, and :meth:`file.tell() ` can be used to " +"obtain the actual number of bytes sent." +msgstr "" +"*offset* 指明从何处开始读取文件。 如果指定了 *count*，它是要传输的字节总数而不再一直发送文件直至抵达 EOF。 " +"文件位置总是会被更新，即使此方法引发了错误，并可以使用 :meth:`file.tell() ` " +"来获取实际发送的字节总数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:901 +msgid "" +"*fallback* set to ``True`` makes asyncio to manually read and send the file " +"when the platform does not support the sendfile system call (e.g. Windows or" +" SSL socket on Unix)." +msgstr "" +"*fallback* 设为 ``True`` 会使得 asyncio 在平台不支持 sendfile 系统调用时手动读取并发送文件（例如 Windows" +" 或 Unix 上的 SSL 套接字）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:905 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`SendfileNotAvailableError` if the system does not support the " +"*sendfile* syscall and *fallback* is ``False``." +msgstr "" +"如果系统不支持 *sendfile* 系统调用且 *fallback* 为 ``False`` 则会引发 " +":exc:`SendfileNotAvailableError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:912 +msgid "TLS Upgrade" +msgstr "TLS 升级" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:920 +msgid "Upgrade an existing transport-based connection to TLS." +msgstr "将现有基于传输的连接升级到 TLS。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:922 +msgid "" +"Create a TLS coder/decoder instance and insert it between the *transport* " +"and the *protocol*. The coder/decoder implements both *transport*-facing " +"protocol and *protocol*-facing transport." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 TLS 编码器/解码器实例并将其插入到 *transport* 和 *protocol* 之间。 该编码器/解码器同时实现了面向 " +"*transport* 的协议和面向 *protocol* 的传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:926 +msgid "" +"Return the created two-interface instance. After *await*, the *protocol* " +"must stop using the original *transport* and communicate with the returned " +"object only because the coder caches *protocol*-side data and sporadically " +"exchanges extra TLS session packets with *transport*." +msgstr "" +"返回已创建的双接口实例。 在 *await* 之后，*protocol* 必须使用原始 *transport* " +"来停止并仅与所返回的对象通信因为编码器会缓存 *protocol* 方的数据并会不定期地与 *transport* 交换额外的 TLS 会话数据包。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:931 +msgid "" +"In some situations (e.g. when the passed transport is already closing) this " +"may return ``None``." +msgstr "在某些情况下（例如当传入的 transport 已经关闭）这可能返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:936 +msgid "" +"*transport* and *protocol* instances that methods like " +":meth:`~loop.create_server` and :meth:`~loop.create_connection` return." +msgstr "" +"*transport* 和 *protocol* 实例的方法与 :meth:`~loop.create_server` 和 " +":meth:`~loop.create_connection` 所返回的类似。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:940 +msgid "*sslcontext*: a configured instance of :class:`~ssl.SSLContext`." +msgstr "*sslcontext* ：一个已经配置好的 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:942 +msgid "" +"*server_side* pass ``True`` when a server-side connection is being upgraded " +"(like the one created by :meth:`~loop.create_server`)." +msgstr "" +"当服务端连接已升级时 (如 :meth:`~loop.create_server` 所创建的对象) *server_side* 会传入 " +"``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:945 +msgid "" +"*server_hostname*: sets or overrides the host name that the target server's " +"certificate will be matched against." +msgstr "*server_hostname* ：设置或者覆盖目标服务器证书中相对应的主机名。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:965 +msgid "Watching file descriptors" +msgstr "监控文件描述符" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:969 +msgid "" +"Start monitoring the *fd* file descriptor for read availability and invoke " +"*callback* with the specified arguments once *fd* is available for reading." +msgstr "开始监视 *fd* 文件描述符以获取读取的可用性，一旦 *fd* 可用于读取，使用指定的参数调用 *callback* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:973 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:987 +msgid "" +"Any preexisting callback registered for *fd* is cancelled and replaced by " +"*callback*." +msgstr "任何为 *fd* 注册的预先存在的回调都会被取消并由 *callback* 代替。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:978 +msgid "" +"Stop monitoring the *fd* file descriptor for read availability. Returns " +"``True`` if *fd* was previously being monitored for reads." +msgstr "停止监视 *fd* 文件描述符的读取可用性。 如果之前正在监视 *fd* 的读取则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Start monitoring the *fd* file descriptor for write availability and invoke " +"*callback* with the specified arguments once *fd* is available for writing." +msgstr "开始监视 *fd* 文件描述符的写入可用性，一旦 *fd* 可用于写入，使用指定的参数调用 *callback* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:990 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1268 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`functools.partial` :ref:`to pass keyword arguments ` to *callback*." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`functools.partial` :ref:`传递关键字参数 ` 给 " +"*callback*." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:995 +msgid "" +"Stop monitoring the *fd* file descriptor for write availability. Returns " +"``True`` if *fd* was previously being monitored for writes." +msgstr "停止监视 *fd* 文件描述符的写入可用性。 如果之前正在监视 *fd* 的写入则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:998 +msgid "" +"See also :ref:`Platform Support ` section for some" +" limitations of these methods." +msgstr "另请查看 :ref:`平台支持 ` 一节了解以上方法的某些限制。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1003 +msgid "Working with socket objects directly" +msgstr "直接使用 socket 对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"In general, protocol implementations that use transport-based APIs such as " +":meth:`loop.create_connection` and :meth:`loop.create_server` are faster " +"than implementations that work with sockets directly. However, there are " +"some use cases when performance is not critical, and working with " +":class:`~socket.socket` objects directly is more convenient." +msgstr "" +"通常，使用基于传输的 API 的协议实现，例如 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 和 " +":meth:`loop.create_server` 比直接使用套接字的实现更快。 但是，在某些应用场景下性能并不非常重要，直接使用 " +":class:`~socket.socket` 对象会更方便。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"Receive up to *nbytes* from *sock*. Asynchronous version of " +":meth:`socket.recv() `." +msgstr "" +"从 *sock* 接收至多 *nbytes*。 :meth:`socket.recv() ` 的异步版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1018 +msgid "Return the received data as a bytes object." +msgstr "返回接收到的数据【bytes对象类型】。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1020 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1035 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1047 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1060 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1076 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1092 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1103 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1130 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1169 +msgid "*sock* must be a non-blocking socket." +msgstr "*sock* 必须是个非阻塞socket。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"Even though this method was always documented as a coroutine method, " +"releases before Python 3.7 returned a :class:`Future`. Since Python 3.7 this" +" is an ``async def`` method." +msgstr "" +"虽然这个方法总是被记录为协程方法，但它在 Python 3.7 之前的发行版中会返回一个 :class:`Future`。 从 Python 3.7 " +"开始它则是一个 ``async def`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"Receive data from *sock* into the *buf* buffer. Modeled after the blocking " +":meth:`socket.recv_into() ` method." +msgstr "" +"从 *sock* 接收数据放入 *buf* 缓冲区。 模仿了阻塞型的 :meth:`socket.recv_into() " +"` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1033 +msgid "Return the number of bytes written to the buffer." +msgstr "返回写入缓冲区的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"Receive a datagram of up to *bufsize* from *sock*. Asynchronous version of " +":meth:`socket.recvfrom() `." +msgstr "" +"从 *sock* 接收最大为 *bufsize* 的数据报。 :meth:`socket.recvfrom() " +"` 的异步版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1045 +msgid "Return a tuple of (received data, remote address)." +msgstr "返回一个 (已接收数据, 远程地址) 元组。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1054 +msgid "" +"Receive a datagram of up to *nbytes* from *sock* into *buf*. Asynchronous " +"version of :meth:`socket.recvfrom_into() `." +msgstr "" +"从 *sock* 接收最大为 *nbytes* 的数据报并放入 *buf*。 :meth:`socket.recvfrom_into() " +"` 的异步版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1058 +msgid "Return a tuple of (number of bytes received, remote address)." +msgstr "返回一个 (已接收字节数, 远程地址) 元组。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1067 +msgid "" +"Send *data* to the *sock* socket. Asynchronous version of " +":meth:`socket.sendall() `." +msgstr "" +"将 *data* 发送到 *sock* 套接字。 :meth:`socket.sendall() ` " +"的异步版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"This method continues to send to the socket until either all data in *data* " +"has been sent or an error occurs. ``None`` is returned on success. On " +"error, an exception is raised. Additionally, there is no way to determine " +"how much data, if any, was successfully processed by the receiving end of " +"the connection." +msgstr "" +"此方法会持续发送数据到套接字直至 *data* 中的所有数据发送完毕或是有错误发生。 当成功时会返回 ``None``。 当发生错误时，会引发一个异常。" +" 此外，没有办法能确定有多少数据或是否有数据被连接的接收方成功处理。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1078 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"Even though the method was always documented as a coroutine method, before " +"Python 3.7 it returned a :class:`Future`. Since Python 3.7, this is an " +"``async def`` method." +msgstr "" +"虽然这个方法一直被标记为协程方法。但是，Python 3.7 之前，该方法返回 :class:`Future` ，从Python 3.7 " +"开始，这个方法是 ``async def`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"Send a datagram from *sock* to *address*. Asynchronous version of " +":meth:`socket.sendto() `." +msgstr "" +"从 *sock* 向 *address* 发送数据报。 :meth:`socket.sendto() ` " +"的异步版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1090 +msgid "Return the number of bytes sent." +msgstr "返回已发送的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1099 +msgid "Connect *sock* to a remote socket at *address*." +msgstr "将 *sock* 连接到位于 *address* 的远程套接字。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.connect() `." +msgstr ":meth:`socket.connect() ` 的异步版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"``address`` no longer needs to be resolved. ``sock_connect`` will try to " +"check if the *address* is already resolved by calling " +":func:`socket.inet_pton`. If not, :meth:`loop.getaddrinfo` will be used to " +"resolve the *address*." +msgstr "" +"``address`` 不再需要被解析。 ``sock_connect`` 将尝试检查 *address* 是否已通过调用 " +":func:`socket.inet_pton` 被解析。 如果没有，则将使用 :meth:`loop.getaddrinfo` 来解析 " +"*address*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1114 +msgid "" +":meth:`loop.create_connection` and :func:`asyncio.open_connection() " +"`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.create_connection` 和 :func:`asyncio.open_connection() " +"` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"Accept a connection. Modeled after the blocking :meth:`socket.accept() " +"` method." +msgstr "接受一个连接。 模仿了阻塞型的 :meth:`socket.accept() ` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"The socket must be bound to an address and listening for connections. The " +"return value is a pair ``(conn, address)`` where *conn* is a *new* socket " +"object usable to send and receive data on the connection, and *address* is " +"the address bound to the socket on the other end of the connection." +msgstr "" +"此 *scoket* 必须绑定到一个地址上并且监听连接。返回值是一个 ``(conn, address)`` 对，其中 *conn* 是一个 " +"*新*的套接字对象，用于在此连接上收发数据，*address* 是连接的另一端的套接字所绑定的地址。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1139 +msgid ":meth:`loop.create_server` and :func:`start_server`." +msgstr ":meth:`loop.create_server` 和 :func:`start_server`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"Send a file using high-performance :mod:`os.sendfile` if possible. Return " +"the total number of bytes sent." +msgstr "在可能的情况下使用高性能的 :mod:`os.sendfile` 发送文件。 返回所发送的字节总数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.sendfile() `." +msgstr ":meth:`socket.sendfile() ` 的异步版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"*sock* must be a non-blocking :const:`socket.SOCK_STREAM` " +":class:`~socket.socket`." +msgstr "*sock* 必须为非阻塞型的 :const:`socket.SOCK_STREAM` :class:`~socket.socket`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1153 +msgid "*file* must be a regular file object open in binary mode." +msgstr "*file* 必须是个用二进制方式打开的常规文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1162 +msgid "" +"*fallback*, when set to ``True``, makes asyncio manually read and send the " +"file when the platform does not support the sendfile syscall (e.g. Windows " +"or SSL socket on Unix)." +msgstr "" +"当 *fallback* 被设为 ``True`` 时，会使用 asyncio 在平台不支持 sendfile 系统调用时手动读取并发送文件（例如 " +"Windows 或 Unix 上的 SSL 套接字）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`SendfileNotAvailableError` if the system does not support " +"*sendfile* syscall and *fallback* is ``False``." +msgstr "" +"如果系统不支持 *sendfile* 并且 *fallback* 为 ``False`` ，引发 " +":exc:`SendfileNotAvailableError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1175 +msgid "DNS" +msgstr "DNS" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1181 +msgid "Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getaddrinfo`." +msgstr "异步版的 :meth:`socket.getaddrinfo` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1186 +msgid "Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getnameinfo`." +msgstr "异步版的 :meth:`socket.getnameinfo` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"Both *getaddrinfo* and *getnameinfo* internally utilize their synchronous " +"versions through the loop's default thread pool executor. When this executor" +" is saturated, these methods may experience delays, which higher-level " +"networking libraries may report as increased timeouts. To mitigate this, " +"consider using a custom executor for other user tasks, or setting a default " +"executor with a larger number of workers." +msgstr "" +"*getaddrinfo* 和 *getnameinfo* 均在内部通过循环的默认线程池执行器使用其同步版本。 " +"当执行器饱和时，这些方法可能会遭遇延迟，对此高层级网络库可能报告为更多的超时。 " +"为缓解此问题，可以考虑使用针对其他用户任务的自定义执行器，或者设置具有更多工作线程的默认执行器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"Both *getaddrinfo* and *getnameinfo* methods were always documented to " +"return a coroutine, but prior to Python 3.7 they were, in fact, returning " +":class:`asyncio.Future` objects. Starting with Python 3.7 both methods are " +"coroutines." +msgstr "" +"*getaddrinfo* 和 *getnameinfo* 方法一直被标记返回一个协程，但是Python 3.7之前，实际返回的是 " +":class:`asyncio.Future` 对象。从Python 3.7 开始，这两个方法是协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1204 +msgid "Working with pipes" +msgstr "使用管道" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1209 +msgid "Register the read end of *pipe* in the event loop." +msgstr "在事件循环中注册 *pipe* 的读取端。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1214 +msgid "*pipe* is a :term:`file-like object `." +msgstr "*pipe* 是个 :term:`类似文件型对象 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1216 +msgid "" +"Return pair ``(transport, protocol)``, where *transport* supports the " +":class:`ReadTransport` interface and *protocol* is an object instantiated by" +" the *protocol_factory*." +msgstr "" +"返回一对 ``(transport, protocol)``，其中 *transport* 支持 :class:`ReadTransport` 接口而 " +"*protocol* 是由 *protocol_factory* 所实例化的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1220 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"With :class:`SelectorEventLoop` event loop, the *pipe* is set to non-" +"blocking mode." +msgstr "使用 :class:`SelectorEventLoop` 事件循环， *pipe* 被设置为非阻塞模式。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1226 +msgid "Register the write end of *pipe* in the event loop." +msgstr "在事件循环中注册 *pipe* 的写入端。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1231 +msgid "*pipe* is :term:`file-like object `." +msgstr "*pipe* 是个 :term:`类似文件型对象 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"Return pair ``(transport, protocol)``, where *transport* supports " +":class:`WriteTransport` interface and *protocol* is an object instantiated " +"by the *protocol_factory*." +msgstr "" +"返回一对 ``(transport, protocol)``，其中 *transport* 支持 :class:`WriteTransport` 接口而" +" *protocol* 是由 *protocol_factory* 所实例化的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1242 +msgid "" +":class:`SelectorEventLoop` does not support the above methods on Windows. " +"Use :class:`ProactorEventLoop` instead for Windows." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 中 :class:`SelectorEventLoop` 不支持上述方法。 对于 Windows 请改用 " +":class:`ProactorEventLoop`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` and :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` methods." +msgstr ":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 和 :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1252 +msgid "Unix signals" +msgstr "Unix 信号" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1258 +msgid "Set *callback* as the handler for the *signum* signal." +msgstr "设置 *callback* 作为 *signum* 信号的处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"The callback will be invoked by *loop*, along with other queued callbacks " +"and runnable coroutines of that event loop. Unlike signal handlers " +"registered using :func:`signal.signal`, a callback registered with this " +"function is allowed to interact with the event loop." +msgstr "" +"此回调将与该事件循环中其他加入队列的回调和可运行协程一起由 *loop* 唤起。 不同与使用 :func:`signal.signal` " +"注册的信号处理程序，使用此函数注册的回调可以与事件循环进行交互。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`ValueError` if the signal number is invalid or uncatchable. " +"Raise :exc:`RuntimeError` if there is a problem setting up the handler." +msgstr "" +"如果信号数字非法或者不可捕获，就抛出一个 :exc:`ValueError` 。如果建立处理器的过程中出现问题，会抛出一个 " +":exc:`RuntimeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`signal.signal`, this function must be invoked in the main " +"thread." +msgstr "和 :func:`signal.signal` 一样，这个函数只能在主线程中调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1276 +msgid "Remove the handler for the *sig* signal." +msgstr "移除 *sig* 信号的处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the signal handler was removed, or ``False`` if no " +"handler was set for the given signal." +msgstr "如果信号处理程序被移除则返回 ``True``，否则如果给定信号未设置处理程序则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1285 +msgid "The :mod:`signal` module." +msgstr ":mod:`signal` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1289 +msgid "Executing code in thread or process pools" +msgstr "在线程或者进程池中执行代码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1293 +msgid "Arrange for *func* to be called in the specified executor." +msgstr "安排在指定的执行器中调用 *func* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1295 +msgid "" +"The *executor* argument should be an :class:`concurrent.futures.Executor` " +"instance. The default executor is used if *executor* is ``None``. The " +"default executor can be set by :meth:`loop.set_default_executor`, otherwise," +" a :class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` will be lazy-initialized " +"and used by :func:`run_in_executor` if needed." +msgstr "" +"*executor* 参数应当是一个 :class:`concurrent.futures.Executor` 实例。 如果 *executor* 为 " +"``None`` 则为使用默认执行器。 默认执行器可通过 :meth:`loop.set_default_executor` " +"来设置，在其他情况下，将在有需要时惰性初始化 :class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 并由 " +":func:`run_in_executor` 来使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import concurrent.futures\n" +"\n" +"def blocking_io():\n" +" # File operations (such as logging) can block the\n" +" # event loop: run them in a thread pool.\n" +" with open('/dev/urandom', 'rb') as f:\n" +" return f.read(100)\n" +"\n" +"def cpu_bound():\n" +" # CPU-bound operations will block the event loop:\n" +" # in general it is preferable to run them in a\n" +" # process pool.\n" +" return sum(i * i for i in range(10 ** 7))\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" ## Options:\n" +"\n" +" # 1. Run in the default loop's executor:\n" +" result = await loop.run_in_executor(\n" +" None, blocking_io)\n" +" print('default thread pool', result)\n" +"\n" +" # 2. Run in a custom thread pool:\n" +" with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as pool:\n" +" result = await loop.run_in_executor(\n" +" pool, blocking_io)\n" +" print('custom thread pool', result)\n" +"\n" +" # 3. Run in a custom process pool:\n" +" with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as pool:\n" +" result = await loop.run_in_executor(\n" +" pool, cpu_bound)\n" +" print('custom process pool', result)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import concurrent.futures\n" +"\n" +"def blocking_io():\n" +" # 文件操作（如日志记录）会阻塞事件循环：\n" +" # 应在线程池中运行它们。\n" +" with open('/dev/urandom', 'rb') as f:\n" +" return f.read(100)\n" +"\n" +"def cpu_bound():\n" +" # CPU 密集型操作会阻塞事件循环：\n" +" # 通常建议在进程中运行它们。\n" +" return sum(i * i for i in range(10 ** 7))\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" ## Options:\n" +"\n" +" # 1. 运行默认循环的执行器：\n" +" result = await loop.run_in_executor(\n" +" None, blocking_io)\n" +" print('default thread pool', result)\n" +"\n" +" # 2. 在自定义的线程池中运行：\n" +" with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as pool:\n" +" result = await loop.run_in_executor(\n" +" pool, blocking_io)\n" +" print('custom thread pool', result)\n" +"\n" +" # 3. 在自定义的进程池中运行：\n" +" with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as pool:\n" +" result = await loop.run_in_executor(\n" +" pool, cpu_bound)\n" +" print('custom process pool', result)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"Note that the entry point guard (``if __name__ == '__main__'``) is required " +"for option 3 due to the peculiarities of :mod:`multiprocessing`, which is " +"used by :class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`. See :ref:`Safe " +"importing of main module `." +msgstr "" +"请注意需要为选项 3 设置入口点保护 (``if __name__ == '__main__'``)，这是由于 " +":mod:`multiprocessing` 的特殊性，它将由 " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` 来使用。 参见 :ref:`主模块的安全导入 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1348 +msgid "This method returns a :class:`asyncio.Future` object." +msgstr "这个方法返回一个 :class:`asyncio.Future` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`functools.partial` :ref:`to pass keyword arguments ` to *func*." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`functools.partial` :ref:`传递关键字参数 ` 给 " +"*func* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1353 +msgid "" +":meth:`loop.run_in_executor` no longer configures the ``max_workers`` of the" +" thread pool executor it creates, instead leaving it up to the thread pool " +"executor (:class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`) to set the " +"default." +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.run_in_executor` 不会再配置它所创建的线程池执行器的 ``max_workers``，而是将其留给线程池执行器 " +"(:class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`) 来设置默认值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"Set *executor* as the default executor used by :meth:`run_in_executor`. " +"*executor* must be an instance of " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "" +"将 *executor* 设为 :meth:`run_in_executor` 所使用的默认执行器。 *executor* 必须是 " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"*executor* must be an instance of " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "*executor* 必须是 :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1372 +msgid "Error Handling API" +msgstr "错误处理API" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1374 +msgid "Allows customizing how exceptions are handled in the event loop." +msgstr "允许自定义事件循环中如何去处理异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1378 +msgid "Set *handler* as the new event loop exception handler." +msgstr "将 *handler* 设置为新的事件循环异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1380 +msgid "" +"If *handler* is ``None``, the default exception handler will be set. " +"Otherwise, *handler* must be a callable with the signature matching ``(loop," +" context)``, where ``loop`` is a reference to the active event loop, and " +"``context`` is a ``dict`` object containing the details of the exception " +"(see :meth:`call_exception_handler` documentation for details about " +"context)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *handler* 为 ``None``，将设置默认的异常处理程序。 在其他情况下，*handler* 必须是一个可调用对象且签名匹配 " +"``(loop, context)``，其中 ``loop`` 是对活动事件循环的引用，而 ``context`` 是一个包含异常详情的 " +"``dict`` (请查看 :meth:`call_exception_handler` 文档来获取关于上下文的更多信息)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"If the handler is called on behalf of a :class:`~asyncio.Task` or " +":class:`~asyncio.Handle`, it is run in the :class:`contextvars.Context` of " +"that task or callback handle." +msgstr "" +"如果针对一个 :class:`~asyncio.Task` 或 :class:`~asyncio.Handle` " +"调用了该异常处理器，它将在相应任务或回调句柄的 :class:`contextvars.Context` 中运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1394 +msgid "" +"The handler may be called in the :class:`~contextvars.Context` of the task " +"or handle where the exception originated." +msgstr "该处理器可能会在发生异常的任务或句柄的 :class:`~contextvars.Context` 中被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1399 +msgid "" +"Return the current exception handler, or ``None`` if no custom exception " +"handler was set." +msgstr "返回当前的异常处理器，如果没有设置异常处理器，则返回 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1406 +msgid "Default exception handler." +msgstr "默认的异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1408 +msgid "" +"This is called when an exception occurs and no exception handler is set. " +"This can be called by a custom exception handler that wants to defer to the " +"default handler behavior." +msgstr "此方法会在发生异常且未设置异常处理程序时被调用。 此方法也可以由想要具有不同于默认处理程序的行为的自定义异常处理程序来调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"*context* parameter has the same meaning as in " +":meth:`call_exception_handler`." +msgstr "*context* 参数和 :meth:`call_exception_handler` 中的同名参数完全相同。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1417 +msgid "Call the current event loop exception handler." +msgstr "调用当前事件循环的异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"*context* is a ``dict`` object containing the following keys (new keys may " +"be introduced in future Python versions):" +msgstr "*context* 是个包含下列键的 ``dict`` 对象(未来版本的Python可能会引入新键)：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1422 +msgid "'message': Error message;" +msgstr "'message': 错误消息；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1423 +msgid "'exception' (optional): Exception object;" +msgstr "'exception' （可选）: 异常对象；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1424 +msgid "'future' (optional): :class:`asyncio.Future` instance;" +msgstr "'future' （可选）: :class:`asyncio.Future` 实例；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1425 +msgid "'task' (optional): :class:`asyncio.Task` instance;" +msgstr "'task' (可选): :class:`asyncio.Task` 实例；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1426 +msgid "'handle' (optional): :class:`asyncio.Handle` instance;" +msgstr "'handle' （可选）: :class:`asyncio.Handle` 实例；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1427 +msgid "'protocol' (optional): :ref:`Protocol ` instance;" +msgstr "'protocol' （可选）: :ref:`Protocol ` 实例；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1428 +msgid "'transport' (optional): :ref:`Transport ` instance;" +msgstr "'transport' （可选）: :ref:`Transport ` 实例；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1429 +msgid "'socket' (optional): :class:`socket.socket` instance;" +msgstr "'socket' (可选): :class:`socket.socket` 实例；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1430 +msgid "'source_traceback' (optional): Traceback of the source;" +msgstr "'source_traceback' (可选)：源的回溯；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1431 +msgid "'handle_traceback' (optional): Traceback of the handle;" +msgstr "'handle_traceback' (可选)：句柄的回溯；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1432 +msgid "'asyncgen' (optional): Asynchronous generator that caused" +msgstr "'asyncgen' (可选): 异步生成器，它导致了" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1433 +msgid "the exception." +msgstr "这个异常" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"This method should not be overloaded in subclassed event loops. For custom " +"exception handling, use the :meth:`set_exception_handler` method." +msgstr "此方法不应在子类化的事件循环中被重载。 对于自定义的异常处理，请使用 :meth:`set_exception_handler` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1442 +msgid "Enabling debug mode" +msgstr "开启调试模式" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1446 +msgid "Get the debug mode (:class:`bool`) of the event loop." +msgstr "获取事件循环调试模式设置（:class:`bool`）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"The default value is ``True`` if the environment variable " +":envvar:`PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG` is set to a non-empty string, ``False`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如果环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG` 是一个非空字符串，就返回 ``True`` ，否则就返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1454 +msgid "Set the debug mode of the event loop." +msgstr "设置事件循环的调试模式。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"The new :ref:`Python Development Mode ` can now also be used to " +"enable the debug mode." +msgstr "现在也可以通过新的 :ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 来启用调试模式。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"This attribute can be used to set the minimum execution duration in seconds " +"that is considered \"slow\". When debug mode is enabled, \"slow\" callbacks " +"are logged." +msgstr "该属性可用于设置会被视为“缓慢”的以秒数表示的最短执行时间。 当启用调试模式时，“缓慢”的回调将被记录到日志。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1467 +msgid "Default value is 100 milliseconds." +msgstr "默认值为 100 毫秒。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1471 +msgid "The :ref:`debug mode of asyncio `." +msgstr ":ref:`debug mode of asyncio `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1475 +msgid "Running Subprocesses" +msgstr "运行子进程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"Methods described in this subsections are low-level. In regular async/await" +" code consider using the high-level :func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` " +"and :func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` convenience functions instead." +msgstr "" +"本小节所描述的方法都是低层级的。 在常规 async/await 代码中请考虑改用高层级的 " +":func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` 和 " +":func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` 便捷函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1484 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the default event loop :class:`ProactorEventLoop` supports " +"subprocesses, whereas :class:`SelectorEventLoop` does not. See " +":ref:`Subprocess Support on Windows ` for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 中，默认的事件循环 :class:`ProactorEventLoop` 支持子进程，而 " +":class:`SelectorEventLoop` 不支持。参见 :ref:`Windows 中的子进程支持 ` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1496 +msgid "" +"Create a subprocess from one or more string arguments specified by *args*." +msgstr "用 *args* 指定的一个或者多个字符串型参数创建一个子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1499 +msgid "*args* must be a list of strings represented by:" +msgstr "*args* 必须是个由下列形式的字符串组成的列表：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1501 +msgid ":class:`str`;" +msgstr ":class:`str`;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"or :class:`bytes`, encoded to the :ref:`filesystem encoding `." +msgstr "或者由 :ref:`文件系统编码格式 ` 编码的 :class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1505 +msgid "" +"The first string specifies the program executable, and the remaining strings" +" specify the arguments. Together, string arguments form the ``argv`` of the" +" program." +msgstr "第一个字符串指定可执行程序，其余的字符串指定其参数。 所有字符串参数共同组成了程序的 ``argv``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1509 +msgid "" +"This is similar to the standard library :class:`subprocess.Popen` class " +"called with ``shell=False`` and the list of strings passed as the first " +"argument; however, where :class:`~subprocess.Popen` takes a single argument " +"which is list of strings, *subprocess_exec* takes multiple string arguments." +msgstr "" +"此方法类似于调用标准库 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 类，设置 ``shell=False`` " +"并将字符串列表作为第一个参数传入；但是，:class:`~subprocess.Popen` 只接受一个单独的字符串列表参数，而 " +"*subprocess_exec* 接受多个字符串参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1515 +msgid "" +"The *protocol_factory* must be a callable returning a subclass of the " +":class:`asyncio.SubprocessProtocol` class." +msgstr "" +"*protocol_factory* 必须为一个返回 :class:`asyncio.SubprocessProtocol` 类的子类的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1518 +msgid "Other parameters:" +msgstr "其他参数：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1520 +msgid "*stdin* can be any of these:" +msgstr "*stdin* 可以是以下对象之一:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1522 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1533 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1543 +msgid "a file-like object" +msgstr "一个文件型对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"an existing file descriptor (a positive integer), for example those created " +"with :meth:`os.pipe`" +msgstr "一个现有的文件描述符（一个正整数），例如用 :meth:`os.pipe` 创建的文件描述符" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1524 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1534 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"the :const:`subprocess.PIPE` constant (default) which will create a new pipe" +" and connect it," +msgstr ":const:`subprocess.PIPE` 常量（默认），将创建并连接一个新的管道。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1526 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1536 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"the value ``None`` which will make the subprocess inherit the file " +"descriptor from this process" +msgstr "``None`` 值，这将使得子进程继承来自此进程的文件描述符" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1528 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1538 +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1548 +msgid "" +"the :const:`subprocess.DEVNULL` constant which indicates that the special " +":data:`os.devnull` file will be used" +msgstr ":const:`subprocess.DEVNULL` 常量，这表示将使用特殊的 :data:`os.devnull` 文件" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1531 +msgid "*stdout* can be any of these:" +msgstr "*stdout* 可以是以下对象之一:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1541 +msgid "*stderr* can be any of these:" +msgstr "*stderr* 可以是以下对象之一:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1550 +msgid "" +"the :const:`subprocess.STDOUT` constant which will connect the standard " +"error stream to the process' standard output stream" +msgstr ":const:`subprocess.STDOUT` 常量，将把标准错误流连接到进程的标准输出流" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"All other keyword arguments are passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen` without " +"interpretation, except for *bufsize*, *universal_newlines*, *shell*, *text*," +" *encoding* and *errors*, which should not be specified at all." +msgstr "" +"所有其他关键字参数会被不加解释地传给 :class:`subprocess.Popen`，除了 *bufsize*, " +"*universal_newlines*, *shell*, *text*, *encoding* 和 *errors*，它们都不应当被指定。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1558 +msgid "" +"The ``asyncio`` subprocess API does not support decoding the streams as " +"text. :func:`bytes.decode` can be used to convert the bytes returned from " +"the stream to text." +msgstr "" +"``asyncio`` 子进程 API 不支持将流解码为文本。 可以使用 :func:`bytes.decode` 来将从流返回的字节串转换为文本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1562 +msgid "" +"If a file-like object passed as *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr* represents a " +"pipe, then the other side of this pipe should be registered with " +":meth:`~loop.connect_write_pipe` or :meth:`~loop.connect_read_pipe` for use " +"with the event loop." +msgstr "" +"如果作为 *stdin*, *stdout* 或 *stderr* 传入的文件型对象是代表一个管道，则该管道的另一端应当用 " +":meth:`~loop.connect_write_pipe` 或 :meth:`~loop.connect_read_pipe` " +"来注册以配合事件循环使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1567 +msgid "" +"See the constructor of the :class:`subprocess.Popen` class for documentation" +" on other arguments." +msgstr "其他参数的文档，请参阅 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 类的构造函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1570 +msgid "" +"Returns a pair of ``(transport, protocol)``, where *transport* conforms to " +"the :class:`asyncio.SubprocessTransport` base class and *protocol* is an " +"object instantiated by the *protocol_factory*." +msgstr "" +"返回一对 ``(transport, protocol)``，其中 *transport* 来自 " +":class:`asyncio.SubprocessTransport` 基类而 *protocol* 是由 *protocol_factory* " +"所实例化的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1579 +msgid "" +"Create a subprocess from *cmd*, which can be a :class:`str` or a " +":class:`bytes` string encoded to the :ref:`filesystem encoding `, using the platform's \"shell\" syntax." +msgstr "" +"基于 *cmd* 创建一个子进程，该参数可以是一个 :class:`str` 或者按 :ref:`文件系统编码格式 ` 编码得到的 :class:`bytes` ，使用平台的 \"shell\" 语法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1584 +msgid "" +"This is similar to the standard library :class:`subprocess.Popen` class " +"called with ``shell=True``." +msgstr "这类似与用 ``shell=True`` 调用标准库的 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1587 +msgid "" +"The *protocol_factory* must be a callable returning a subclass of the " +":class:`SubprocessProtocol` class." +msgstr "*protocol_factory* 必须为一个返回 :class:`SubprocessProtocol` 类的子类的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1590 +msgid "" +"See :meth:`~loop.subprocess_exec` for more details about the remaining " +"arguments." +msgstr "请参阅 :meth:`~loop.subprocess_exec` 了解有关其余参数的详情。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1593 +msgid "" +"Returns a pair of ``(transport, protocol)``, where *transport* conforms to " +"the :class:`SubprocessTransport` base class and *protocol* is an object " +"instantiated by the *protocol_factory*." +msgstr "" +"返回一对 ``(transport, protocol)``，其中 *transport* 来自 " +":class:`SubprocessTransport` 基类而 *protocol* 是由 *protocol_factory* 所实例化的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"It is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and " +"special characters are quoted appropriately to avoid `shell injection " +"`_ " +"vulnerabilities. The :func:`shlex.quote` function can be used to properly " +"escape whitespace and special characters in strings that are going to be " +"used to construct shell commands." +msgstr "" +"应用程序要负责确保正确地转义所有空白字符和特殊字符以防止 `shell 注入 " +"`_ 漏洞。 " +":func:`shlex.quote` 函数可以被用来正确地转义字符串中可能被用来构造 shell 命令的空白字符和特殊字符。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1607 +msgid "Callback Handles" +msgstr "回调处理" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1611 +msgid "" +"A callback wrapper object returned by :meth:`loop.call_soon`, " +":meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe`." +msgstr "" +"由 :meth:`loop.call_soon`, :meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe` 所返回的回调包装器对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1616 +msgid "" +"Return the :class:`contextvars.Context` object associated with the handle." +msgstr "返回关联到该句柄的 :class:`contextvars.Context` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1623 +msgid "" +"Cancel the callback. If the callback has already been canceled or executed," +" this method has no effect." +msgstr "取消回调。 如果此回调已被取消或已被执行，此方法将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1628 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the callback was cancelled." +msgstr "如果此回调已被取消则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1634 +msgid "" +"A callback wrapper object returned by :meth:`loop.call_later`, and " +":meth:`loop.call_at`." +msgstr "由 :meth:`loop.call_later` 和 :meth:`loop.call_at` 所返回的回调包装器对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1637 +msgid "This class is a subclass of :class:`Handle`." +msgstr "这个类是 :class:`Handle` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1641 +msgid "Return a scheduled callback time as :class:`float` seconds." +msgstr "返回加入计划任务的回调时间，以 :class:`float` 值表示的秒数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1643 +msgid "" +"The time is an absolute timestamp, using the same time reference as " +":meth:`loop.time`." +msgstr "时间值是一个绝对时间戳，使用与 :meth:`loop.time` 相同的时间引用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1650 +msgid "Server Objects" +msgstr "Server 对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1652 +msgid "" +"Server objects are created by :meth:`loop.create_server`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_server`, :func:`start_server`, and " +":func:`start_unix_server` functions." +msgstr "" +"Server 对象可使用 :meth:`loop.create_server`, :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`, " +":func:`start_server` 和 :func:`start_unix_server` 等函数来创建。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1656 +msgid "Do not instantiate the :class:`Server` class directly." +msgstr "请不要直接实例化 :class:`Server` 类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1660 +msgid "" +"*Server* objects are asynchronous context managers. When used in an ``async" +" with`` statement, it's guaranteed that the Server object is closed and not " +"accepting new connections when the ``async with`` statement is completed::" +msgstr "" +"*Server* 对象是异步上下文管理器。当用于 ``async with`` 语句时，异步上下文管理器可以确保 Server 对象被关闭，并且在 " +"``async with`` 语句完成后，不接受新的连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"srv = await loop.create_server(...)\n" +"\n" +"async with srv:\n" +" # some code\n" +"\n" +"# At this point, srv is closed and no longer accepts new connections." +msgstr "" +"srv = await loop.create_server(...)\n" +"\n" +"async with srv:\n" +" # 一些代码\n" +"\n" +"# 此时，srv 已关闭并不再接受新的连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1673 +msgid "Server object is an asynchronous context manager since Python 3.7." +msgstr "Python3.7 开始，Server 对象是一个异步上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1676 +msgid "" +"This class was exposed publicly as ``asyncio.Server`` in Python 3.9.11, " +"3.10.3 and 3.11." +msgstr "这个类在 Python 3.9.11, 3.10.3 和 3.11 中作为 ``asyncio.Server`` 对外公开。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1681 +msgid "" +"Stop serving: close listening sockets and set the :attr:`sockets` attribute " +"to ``None``." +msgstr "停止服务：关闭监听的套接字并且设置 :attr:`sockets` 属性为 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1684 +msgid "" +"The sockets that represent existing incoming client connections are left " +"open." +msgstr "用于表示已经连进来的客户端连接会保持打开的状态。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1687 +msgid "" +"The server is closed asynchronously; use the :meth:`wait_closed` coroutine " +"to wait until the server is closed (and no more connections are active)." +msgstr "服务器是被异步关闭的；使用 :meth:`wait_closed` 协程来等待服务器关闭（将不再有激活的连接）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1693 +msgid "Close all existing incoming client connections." +msgstr "关闭所有的外来客户端连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1695 +msgid "" +"Calls :meth:`~asyncio.BaseTransport.close` on all associated transports." +msgstr "在所有关联的传输上调用 :meth:`~asyncio.BaseTransport.close`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1698 +msgid "" +":meth:`close` should be called before :meth:`close_clients` when closing the" +" server to avoid races with new clients connecting." +msgstr "当关闭服务器时 :meth:`close` 应当在 :meth:`close_clients` 之前被调用以避免与新的客户端连接发生竞争。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1705 +msgid "" +"Close all existing incoming client connections immediately, without waiting " +"for pending operations to complete." +msgstr "立即关闭所有当前的外来客户端连接，无需等待挂起的操作完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1708 +msgid "" +"Calls :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.abort` on all associated transports." +msgstr "在所有关联的传输上调用 :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.abort`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1711 +msgid "" +":meth:`close` should be called before :meth:`abort_clients` when closing the" +" server to avoid races with new clients connecting." +msgstr "当关闭服务器时 :meth:`close` 应当在 :meth:`abort_clients` 之前被调用以避免与新的服务器连接发生竞争。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1718 +msgid "Return the event loop associated with the server object." +msgstr "返回与服务器对象相关联的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1725 +msgid "Start accepting connections." +msgstr "开始接受连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1727 +msgid "" +"This method is idempotent, so it can be called when the server is already " +"serving." +msgstr "此方法是幂等的，所以它可在服务器已在运行时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1730 +msgid "" +"The *start_serving* keyword-only parameter to :meth:`loop.create_server` and" +" :meth:`asyncio.start_server` allows creating a Server object that is not " +"accepting connections initially. In this case ``Server.start_serving()``, " +"or :meth:`Server.serve_forever` can be used to make the Server start " +"accepting connections." +msgstr "" +"传给 :meth:`loop.create_server` 和 :meth:`asyncio.start_server` 的 " +"*start_serving* 仅限关键字形参允许创建不接受初始连接的 Server 对象。 在此情况下可以使用 " +"``Server.start_serving()`` 或 :meth:`Server.serve_forever` 让 Server 对象开始接受连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1742 +msgid "" +"Start accepting connections until the coroutine is cancelled. Cancellation " +"of ``serve_forever`` task causes the server to be closed." +msgstr "开始接受连接，直到协程被取消。 ``serve_forever`` 任务的取消将导致服务器被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1746 +msgid "" +"This method can be called if the server is already accepting connections. " +"Only one ``serve_forever`` task can exist per one *Server* object." +msgstr "如果服务器已经在接受连接了，这个方法可以被调用。每个 *Server* 对象，仅能有一个 ``serve_forever`` 任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1752 +msgid "" +"async def client_connected(reader, writer):\n" +" # Communicate with the client with\n" +" # reader/writer streams. For example:\n" +" await reader.readline()\n" +"\n" +"async def main(host, port):\n" +" srv = await asyncio.start_server(\n" +" client_connected, host, port)\n" +" await srv.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main('127.0.0.1', 0))" +msgstr "" +"async def client_connected(reader, writer):\n" +" # 使用 reader/writer 流与客户端通信。 例如：\n" +" await reader.readline()\n" +"\n" +"async def main(host, port):\n" +" srv = await asyncio.start_server(\n" +" client_connected, host, port)\n" +" await srv.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main('127.0.0.1', 0))" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1768 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the server is accepting new connections." +msgstr "如果服务器正在接受新连接的状态，返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"Wait until the :meth:`close` method completes and all active connections " +"have finished." +msgstr "等待直到 :meth:`close` 方法完成且所有活动的连接结束。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"List of socket-like objects, ``asyncio.trsock.TransportSocket``, which the " +"server is listening on." +msgstr "由类套接字对象组成的列表 ``asyncio.trsock.TransportSocket``，服务器将监听这些对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1783 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.7 ``Server.sockets`` used to return an internal list of " +"server sockets directly. In 3.7 a copy of that list is returned." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.7 之前 ``Server.sockets`` 会直接返回内部的服务器套接字列表。 在 3.7 版则会返回该列表的副本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1793 +msgid "Event Loop Implementations" +msgstr "事件循环实现" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1795 +msgid "" +"asyncio ships with two different event loop implementations: " +":class:`SelectorEventLoop` and :class:`ProactorEventLoop`." +msgstr "" +"asyncio 带有两种不同的事件循环实现: :class:`SelectorEventLoop` 和 " +":class:`ProactorEventLoop`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1798 +msgid "By default asyncio is configured to use :class:`EventLoop`." +msgstr "在默认情况下 asyncio 将被配置为使用 :class:`EventLoop`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`AbstractEventLoop` based on the :mod:`selectors` " +"module." +msgstr "基于 :mod:`selectors` 模块的 :class:`AbstractEventLoop` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1806 +msgid "" +"Uses the most efficient *selector* available for the given platform. It is " +"also possible to manually configure the exact selector implementation to be " +"used::" +msgstr "使用给定平台中最高效的可用 *selector*。 也可以手动配置要使用的特定 selector::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1810 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import selectors\n" +"\n" +"class MyPolicy(asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy):\n" +" def new_event_loop(self):\n" +" selector = selectors.SelectSelector()\n" +" return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selector)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(MyPolicy())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import selectors\n" +"\n" +"class MyPolicy(asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy):\n" +" def new_event_loop(self):\n" +" selector = selectors.SelectSelector()\n" +" return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selector)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(MyPolicy())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1826 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`AbstractEventLoop` for Windows that uses \"I/O " +"Completion Ports\" (IOCP)." +msgstr "" +"使用 \"I/O Completion Ports\" (IOCP) 的针对 Windows 的 :class:`AbstractEventLoop` " +"子类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1832 +msgid "" +"`MSDN documentation on I/O Completion Ports " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"`有关 I/O 完成端口的 MSDN 文档 `_。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1837 +msgid "" +"An alias to the most efficient available subclass of " +":class:`AbstractEventLoop` for the given platform." +msgstr "在给定平台上可用的最高效的 :class:`AbstractEventLoop` 子类的别名。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"It is an alias to :class:`SelectorEventLoop` on Unix and " +":class:`ProactorEventLoop` on Windows." +msgstr "" +"它在 Unix 上是 :class:`SelectorEventLoop` 的别名而在 Windows 上是 " +":class:`ProactorEventLoop` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1846 +msgid "Abstract base class for asyncio-compliant event loops." +msgstr "asyncio 兼容事件循环的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1848 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`asyncio-event-loop-methods` section lists all methods that an " +"alternative implementation of ``AbstractEventLoop`` should have defined." +msgstr "" +":ref:`asyncio-event-loop-methods` 一节列出了 ``AbstractEventLoop`` " +"的替代实现应当要定义的所有方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1854 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1856 +msgid "" +"Note that all examples in this section **purposefully** show how to use the " +"low-level event loop APIs, such as :meth:`loop.run_forever` and " +":meth:`loop.call_soon`. Modern asyncio applications rarely need to be " +"written this way; consider using the high-level functions like " +":func:`asyncio.run`." +msgstr "" +"请注意本节中的所有示例都 **有意地** 演示了如何使用低层级的事件循环 API，例如 :meth:`loop.run_forever` 和 " +":meth:`loop.call_soon`。 现代的 asyncio 应用很少需要以这样的方式编写；请考虑使用高层级的函数例如 " +":func:`asyncio.run`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1866 +msgid "Hello World with call_soon()" +msgstr "call_soon() 的 Hello World 示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1868 +msgid "" +"An example using the :meth:`loop.call_soon` method to schedule a callback. " +"The callback displays ``\"Hello World\"`` and then stops the event loop::" +msgstr "" +"一个使用 :meth:`loop.call_soon` 方法来安排回调的示例。 回调会显示 ``\"Hello World\"`` 然后停止事件循环::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1872 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"def hello_world(loop):\n" +" \"\"\"A callback to print 'Hello World' and stop the event loop\"\"\"\n" +" print('Hello World')\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"\n" +"# Schedule a call to hello_world()\n" +"loop.call_soon(hello_world, loop)\n" +"\n" +"# Blocking call interrupted by loop.stop()\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"def hello_world(loop):\n" +" \"\"\"打印 'Hello World' 并停止事件循环的回调\"\"\"\n" +" print('Hello World')\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"\n" +"# 将对 hello_world() 的调用加入计划任务\n" +"loop.call_soon(hello_world, loop)\n" +"\n" +"# 阻塞调用被 loop.stop() 中断\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1892 +msgid "" +"A similar :ref:`Hello World ` example created with a coroutine " +"and the :func:`run` function." +msgstr "一个类似的 :ref:`Hello World ` 示例，使用协程和 :func:`run` 函数创建。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1899 +msgid "Display the current date with call_later()" +msgstr "使用 call_later() 来展示当前的日期" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1901 +msgid "" +"An example of a callback displaying the current date every second. The " +"callback uses the :meth:`loop.call_later` method to reschedule itself after " +"5 seconds, and then stops the event loop::" +msgstr "" +"一个每秒刷新显示当前日期的示例。 回调使用 :meth:`loop.call_later` 方法在 5 秒后将自身重新加入计划日程，然后停止事件循环::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1905 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"def display_date(end_time, loop):\n" +" print(datetime.datetime.now())\n" +" if (loop.time() + 1.0) < end_time:\n" +" loop.call_later(1, display_date, end_time, loop)\n" +" else:\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"\n" +"# Schedule the first call to display_date()\n" +"end_time = loop.time() + 5.0\n" +"loop.call_soon(display_date, end_time, loop)\n" +"\n" +"# Blocking call interrupted by loop.stop()\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"def display_date(end_time, loop):\n" +" print(datetime.datetime.now())\n" +" if (loop.time() + 1.0) < end_time:\n" +" loop.call_later(1, display_date, end_time, loop)\n" +" else:\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"\n" +"# 将对 display_date() 的第一次调用加入计划任务\n" +"end_time = loop.time() + 5.0\n" +"loop.call_soon(display_date, end_time, loop)\n" +"\n" +"# 被 loop.stop() 中断的阻塞调用\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1929 +msgid "" +"A similar :ref:`current date ` example created with a" +" coroutine and the :func:`run` function." +msgstr "" +"一个类似的 :ref:`current date ` 示例，使用协程和 :func:`run` 函数创建。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1936 +msgid "Watch a file descriptor for read events" +msgstr "监控一个文件描述符的读事件" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1938 +msgid "" +"Wait until a file descriptor received some data using the " +":meth:`loop.add_reader` method and then close the event loop::" +msgstr "使用 :meth:`loop.add_reader` 方法，等到文件描述符收到一些数据，然后关闭事件循环：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1941 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"from socket import socketpair\n" +"\n" +"# Create a pair of connected file descriptors\n" +"rsock, wsock = socketpair()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"\n" +"def reader():\n" +" data = rsock.recv(100)\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +"\n" +" # We are done: unregister the file descriptor\n" +" loop.remove_reader(rsock)\n" +"\n" +" # Stop the event loop\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"# Register the file descriptor for read event\n" +"loop.add_reader(rsock, reader)\n" +"\n" +"# Simulate the reception of data from the network\n" +"loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" # Run the event loop\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" # We are done. Close sockets and the event loop.\n" +" rsock.close()\n" +" wsock.close()\n" +" loop.close()" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"from socket import socketpair\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一对已连接的文件描述符\n" +"rsock, wsock = socketpair()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"\n" +"def reader():\n" +" data = rsock.recv(100)\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +"\n" +" # 已完成：注销文件描述符\n" +" loop.remove_reader(rsock)\n" +"\n" +" # 停止事件循环\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"# 为读取事件注册文件描述符\n" +"loop.add_reader(rsock, reader)\n" +"\n" +"# 模拟从网络接收数据\n" +"loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" # 运行事件循环\n" +" loop.run_forever()\n" +"finally:\n" +" # 已完成。 关闭套接字和事件循环。\n" +" rsock.close()\n" +" wsock.close()\n" +" loop.close()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1976 +msgid "" +"A similar :ref:`example ` using " +"transports, protocols, and the :meth:`loop.create_connection` method." +msgstr "" +"一个类似的 :ref:`示例 `，使用传输、协议和 " +":meth:`loop.create_connection` 方法创建。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1980 +msgid "" +"Another similar :ref:`example ` " +"using the high-level :func:`asyncio.open_connection` function and streams." +msgstr "" +"另一个类似的 :ref:`示例 `，使用了高层级的 " +":func:`asyncio.open_connection` 函数和流。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1988 +msgid "Set signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM" +msgstr "为SIGINT和SIGTERM设置信号处理器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1990 +msgid "(This ``signals`` example only works on Unix.)" +msgstr "（这个 ``signals`` 示例只适用于 Unix。）" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1992 +msgid "" +"Register handlers for signals :const:`~signal.SIGINT` and " +":const:`~signal.SIGTERM` using the :meth:`loop.add_signal_handler` method::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`loop.add_signal_handler` 方法为信号 :const:`~signal.SIGINT` 和 " +":const:`~signal.SIGTERM` 注册处理器::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-eventloop.rst:1995 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import functools\n" +"import os\n" +"import signal\n" +"\n" +"def ask_exit(signame, loop):\n" +" print(\"got signal %s: exit\" % signame)\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" for signame in {'SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'}:\n" +" loop.add_signal_handler(\n" +" getattr(signal, signame),\n" +" functools.partial(ask_exit, signame, loop))\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600)\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Event loop running for 1 hour, press Ctrl+C to interrupt.\")\n" +"print(f\"pid {os.getpid()}: send SIGINT or SIGTERM to exit.\")\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import functools\n" +"import os\n" +"import signal\n" +"\n" +"def ask_exit(signame, loop):\n" +" print(\"got signal %s: exit\" % signame)\n" +" loop.stop()\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" for signame in {'SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'}:\n" +" loop.add_signal_handler(\n" +" getattr(signal, signame),\n" +" functools.partial(ask_exit, signame, loop))\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600)\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Event loop running for 1 hour, press Ctrl+C to interrupt.\")\n" +"print(f\"pid {os.getpid()}: send SIGINT or SIGTERM to exit.\")\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" diff --git a/library/asyncio-exceptions.po b/library/asyncio-exceptions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd790d975 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-exceptions.po @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:54+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:8 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/exceptions.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/exceptions.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:16 +msgid "" +"A deprecated alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`, raised when the operation has " +"exceeded the given deadline." +msgstr ":exc:`TimeoutError` 的一个已被弃用的别名，会在操作超出了给定的时限时引发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:21 +msgid "This class was made an alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`." +msgstr "这个类是 :exc:`TimeoutError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:26 +msgid "The operation has been cancelled." +msgstr "该操作已被取消。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:28 +msgid "" +"This exception can be caught to perform custom operations when asyncio Tasks" +" are cancelled. In almost all situations the exception must be re-raised." +msgstr "取消asyncio任务时，可以捕获此异常以执行自定义操作。在几乎所有情况下，都必须重新引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:34 +msgid "" +":exc:`CancelledError` is now a subclass of :class:`BaseException` rather " +"than :class:`Exception`." +msgstr "" +":exc:`CancelledError` 现在是 :class:`BaseException` 的子类而不是 :class:`Exception` " +"的子类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:39 +msgid "Invalid internal state of :class:`Task` or :class:`Future`." +msgstr ":class:`Task` 或 :class:`Future` 的内部状态无效。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Can be raised in situations like setting a result value for a *Future* " +"object that already has a result value set." +msgstr "在为已设置结果值的未来对象设置结果值等情况下，可以引发此问题。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:47 +msgid "" +"The \"sendfile\" syscall is not available for the given socket or file type." +msgstr "\"sendfile\" 系统调用不适用于给定的套接字或文件类型。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:50 +msgid "A subclass of :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "子类 :exc:`RuntimeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:55 +msgid "The requested read operation did not complete fully." +msgstr "请求的读取操作未完全完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:57 +msgid "Raised by the :ref:`asyncio stream APIs`." +msgstr "由 :ref:`asyncio stream APIs` 提出" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:59 +msgid "This exception is a subclass of :exc:`EOFError`." +msgstr "此异常是 :exc:`EOFError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:63 +msgid "The total number (:class:`int`) of expected bytes." +msgstr "预期字节的总数（ :class:`int` ）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:67 +msgid "A string of :class:`bytes` read before the end of stream was reached." +msgstr "到达流结束之前读取的 :class:`bytes` 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:72 +msgid "Reached the buffer size limit while looking for a separator." +msgstr "在查找分隔符时达到缓冲区大小限制。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:74 +msgid "Raised by the :ref:`asyncio stream APIs `." +msgstr "由 :ref:`asyncio stream APIs ` 提出" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-exceptions.rst:78 +msgid "The total number of to be consumed bytes." +msgstr "要消耗的字节总数。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-extending.po b/library/asyncio-extending.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7407fa469 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-extending.po @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-05 19:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:6 +msgid "Extending" +msgstr "扩展" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:8 +msgid "" +"The main direction for :mod:`asyncio` extending is writing custom *event " +"loop* classes. Asyncio has helpers that could be used to simplify this task." +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio` 扩展的主要方向是编写自定义的 *事件循环* 类。 asyncio 具有可以被用来简化此任务的辅助工具。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Third-parties should reuse existing asyncio code with caution, a new Python " +"version is free to break backward compatibility in *internal* part of API." +msgstr "第三方应当小心谨慎地重用现有的异步代码，新的 Python 版本可以自由地打破 API 的 *内部* 部分的向下兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:19 +msgid "Writing a Custom Event Loop" +msgstr "编写自定义事件循环" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:21 +msgid "" +":class:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoop` declares very many methods. Implementing" +" all them from scratch is a tedious job." +msgstr ":class:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoop` 声明了大量的方法。 从头开始全部实现它们将是一件烦琐的工作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:24 +msgid "" +"A loop can get many common methods implementation for free by inheriting " +"from :class:`asyncio.BaseEventLoop`." +msgstr "一个事件循环可以通过从 :class:`asyncio.BaseEventLoop` 继承来自动地获得许多常用方法的实现。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:27 +msgid "" +"In turn, the successor should implement a bunch of *private* methods " +"declared but not implemented in :class:`asyncio.BaseEventLoop`." +msgstr "相应地，继承者应当实现多个在 :class:`asyncio.BaseEventLoop` 中已声明但未实现的 *私有* 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:30 +msgid "" +"For example, ``loop.create_connection()`` checks arguments, resolves DNS " +"addresses, and calls ``loop._make_socket_transport()`` that should be " +"implemented by inherited class. The ``_make_socket_transport()`` method is " +"not documented and is considered as an *internal* API." +msgstr "" +"例如，``loop.create_connection()`` 会检查参数，解析 DNS 地址，并调用应当由继承方类来实现的 " +"``loop._make_socket_transport()``。 ``_make_socket_transport()`` 方法未被写入文档并被视为" +" *内部* API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:38 +msgid "Future and Task private constructors" +msgstr "Future 和 Task 私有构造器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:40 +msgid "" +":class:`asyncio.Future` and :class:`asyncio.Task` should be never created " +"directly, please use corresponding :meth:`loop.create_future` and " +":meth:`loop.create_task`, or :func:`asyncio.create_task` factories instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`asyncio.Future` 和 :class:`asyncio.Task` 不应该被直接实例化，请使用对应的 " +":meth:`loop.create_future`, :meth:`loop.create_task` 或 " +":func:`asyncio.create_task` 工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:44 +msgid "" +"However, third-party *event loops* may *reuse* built-in future and task " +"implementations for the sake of getting a complex and highly optimized code " +"for free." +msgstr "但是，第三方 *事件循环* 可能会 *重用* 内置的 Future 和 Task 实现以自动获得复杂且高度优化的代码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:47 +msgid "For this purpose the following, *private* constructors are listed:" +msgstr "出于这个目的，下面列出了相应的 *私有* 构造器:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:51 +msgid "Create a built-in future instance." +msgstr "创建一个内置的 Future 实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:53 +msgid "*loop* is an optional event loop instance." +msgstr "*loop* 是一个可选的事件循环实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:57 +msgid "Create a built-in task instance." +msgstr "创建一个内置的 Task 实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:59 +msgid "" +"*loop* is an optional event loop instance. The rest of arguments are " +"described in :meth:`loop.create_task` description." +msgstr "*loop* 是一个可选的事件循环实例。 其余参数会在 :meth:`loop.create_task` 说明中加以描述。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:64 +msgid "*context* argument is added." +msgstr "添加了 *context* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:69 +msgid "Task lifetime support" +msgstr "Task 生命周期支持" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:71 +msgid "" +"A third party task implementation should call the following functions to " +"keep a task visible by :func:`asyncio.all_tasks` and " +":func:`asyncio.current_task`:" +msgstr "" +"第三方任务实现应当调用下列函数以使任务对 :func:`asyncio.all_tasks` 和 " +":func:`asyncio.current_task` 可见:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:76 +msgid "Register a new *task* as managed by *asyncio*." +msgstr "注册一个新的 *task* 并由 *asyncio* 管理。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:78 +msgid "Call the function from a task constructor." +msgstr "调用来自任务构造器的函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:82 +msgid "Unregister a *task* from *asyncio* internal structures." +msgstr "从 *asyncio* 内置结构体中注销 *task*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:84 +msgid "The function should be called when a task is about to finish." +msgstr "此函数应当在任务将要结束时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:88 +msgid "Switch the current task to the *task* argument." +msgstr "将当前任务切换为 *task* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Call the function just before executing a portion of embedded *coroutine* " +"(:meth:`coroutine.send` or :meth:`coroutine.throw`)." +msgstr "" +"在执行嵌入的 *coroutine* (:meth:`coroutine.send` 或 :meth:`coroutine.throw`) " +"的一部分之前调用此函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:95 +msgid "Switch the current task back from *task* to ``None``." +msgstr "将当前任务从 *task* 切换回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-extending.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Call the function just after :meth:`coroutine.send` or " +":meth:`coroutine.throw` execution." +msgstr "在 :meth:`coroutine.send` 或 :meth:`coroutine.throw` 执行之后调用此函数。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-future.po b/library/asyncio-future.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3dca21ad --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-future.po @@ -0,0 +1,459 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Woko , 2024 +# MuSheng Chen , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:8 +msgid "Futures" +msgstr "Futures" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:10 +msgid "" +"**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/futures.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_futures.py`" +msgstr "" +"**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/futures.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_futures.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +"*Future* objects are used to bridge **low-level callback-based code** with " +"high-level async/await code." +msgstr "*Future* 对象用来链接 **底层回调式代码** 和高层异步/等待式代码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:20 +msgid "Future Functions" +msgstr "Future 函数" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:24 +msgid "Return ``True`` if *obj* is either of:" +msgstr "如果 *obj* 为下面任意对象，返回 ``True``：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:26 +msgid "an instance of :class:`asyncio.Future`," +msgstr "一个 :class:`asyncio.Future` 类的实例，" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:27 +msgid "an instance of :class:`asyncio.Task`," +msgstr "一个 :class:`asyncio.Task` 类的实例，" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:28 +msgid "a Future-like object with a ``_asyncio_future_blocking`` attribute." +msgstr "带有 ``_asyncio_future_blocking`` 属性的类似 Future 的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:36 +msgid "Return:" +msgstr "返回：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:38 +msgid "" +"*obj* argument as is, if *obj* is a :class:`Future`, a :class:`Task`, or a " +"Future-like object (:func:`isfuture` is used for the test.)" +msgstr "" +"*obj* 参数会是保持原样，如果 *obj* 是 :class:`Future`、 :class:`Task` 或 类似 Future 的对象( " +":func:`isfuture` 用于测试。)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:42 +msgid "" +"a :class:`Task` object wrapping *obj*, if *obj* is a coroutine " +"(:func:`iscoroutine` is used for the test); in this case the coroutine will " +"be scheduled by ``ensure_future()``." +msgstr "" +"封装了 *obj* 的 :class:`Task` 对象，如果 *obj* 是一个协程 (使用 :func:`iscoroutine` " +"进行检测)；在此情况下该协程将通过 ``ensure_future()`` 加入执行计划。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:47 +msgid "" +"a :class:`Task` object that would await on *obj*, if *obj* is an awaitable " +"(:func:`inspect.isawaitable` is used for the test.)" +msgstr "" +"等待 *obj* 的 :class:`Task` 对象，如果 *obj* 是一个可等待对象( :func:`inspect.isawaitable` " +"用于测试)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:50 +msgid "If *obj* is neither of the above a :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 不是上述对象会引发一个 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:54 +msgid "" +"See also the :func:`create_task` function which is the preferred way for " +"creating new Tasks." +msgstr "查看 :func:`create_task` 函数，它是创建新任务的首选途径。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Save a reference to the result of this function, to avoid a task " +"disappearing mid-execution." +msgstr "保存一个指向此函数的结果的引用，以避免任务在执行期间消失。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:60 +msgid "The function accepts any :term:`awaitable` object." +msgstr "这个函数接受任意 :term:`awaitable` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if *obj* is not a Future-like object and " +"*loop* is not specified and there is no running event loop." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 不是 Future 类对象同时未指定 *loop* 并且没有正在运行的事件循环则会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Wrap a :class:`concurrent.futures.Future` object in a " +":class:`asyncio.Future` object." +msgstr "" +"将一个 :class:`concurrent.futures.Future` 对象封装到 :class:`asyncio.Future` 对象中。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if *future* is not a Future-like object and " +"*loop* is not specified and there is no running event loop." +msgstr "如果 *future* 不是 Future 类对象同时未指定 *loop* 并且没有正在运行的事件循环则会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:79 +msgid "Future Object" +msgstr "Future 对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:83 +msgid "" +"A Future represents an eventual result of an asynchronous operation. Not " +"thread-safe." +msgstr "一个 Future 代表一个异步运算的最终结果。线程不安全。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Future is an :term:`awaitable` object. Coroutines can await on Future " +"objects until they either have a result or an exception set, or until they " +"are cancelled. A Future can be awaited multiple times and the result is " +"same." +msgstr "" +"Future 是一个 :term:`awaitable` 对象。 协程可以等待 Future 对象直到它们有结果或设置了异常，或者直到它们被取消。 一个" +" Future 可被等待多次并且结果相同。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Typically Futures are used to enable low-level callback-based code (e.g. in " +"protocols implemented using asyncio :ref:`transports `) to interoperate with high-level async/await code." +msgstr "" +"通常 Future 用于支持底层回调式代码(例如在协议实现中使用asyncio :ref:`transports`) 与高层异步/等待式代码交互。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:96 +msgid "" +"The rule of thumb is to never expose Future objects in user-facing APIs, and" +" the recommended way to create a Future object is to call " +":meth:`loop.create_future`. This way alternative event loop implementations" +" can inject their own optimized implementations of a Future object." +msgstr "" +"经验告诉我们永远不要面向用户的接口暴露 Future 对象，同时建议使用 :meth:`loop.create_future` 来创建 Future " +"对象。这种方法可以让 Future 对象使用其它的事件循环实现，它可以注入自己的优化实现。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:102 +msgid "Added support for the :mod:`contextvars` module." +msgstr "加入对 :mod:`contextvars` 模块的支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if *loop* is not specified and there is no " +"running event loop." +msgstr "如果未指定 *loop* 并且没有正在运行的事件循环则会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:111 +msgid "Return the result of the Future." +msgstr "返回 Future 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:113 +msgid "" +"If the Future is *done* and has a result set by the :meth:`set_result` " +"method, the result value is returned." +msgstr "如果 Future 状态为 *完成* ，并由 :meth:`set_result` 方法设置一个结果，则返回这个结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:116 +msgid "" +"If the Future is *done* and has an exception set by the " +":meth:`set_exception` method, this method raises the exception." +msgstr "如果 Future 状态为 *完成* ，并由 :meth:`set_exception` 方法设置一个异常，那么这个方法会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:119 ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:207 +msgid "" +"If the Future has been *cancelled*, this method raises a " +":exc:`CancelledError` exception." +msgstr "如果 Future 已 *取消*，方法会引发一个 :exc:`CancelledError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:122 +msgid "" +"If the Future's result isn't yet available, this method raises an " +":exc:`InvalidStateError` exception." +msgstr "如果 Future 的结果还不可用，此方法会引发一个 :exc:`InvalidStateError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:127 +msgid "Mark the Future as *done* and set its result." +msgstr "将 Future 标记为 *完成* 并设置结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:129 ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Raises an :exc:`InvalidStateError` error if the Future is already *done*." +msgstr "如果 Future 已经 *完成* 则抛出一个 :exc:`InvalidStateError` 错误。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:134 +msgid "Mark the Future as *done* and set an exception." +msgstr "将 Future 标记为 *完成* 并设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:141 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the Future is *done*." +msgstr "如果 Future 为已 *完成* 则返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:143 +msgid "" +"A Future is *done* if it was *cancelled* or if it has a result or an " +"exception set with :meth:`set_result` or :meth:`set_exception` calls." +msgstr "" +"如果 Future 为 *取消* 或调用 :meth:`set_result` 设置了结果或调用 :meth:`set_exception` " +"设置了异常，那么它就是 *完成* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:149 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the Future was *cancelled*." +msgstr "如果 Future 已 *取消* 则返回 ``True``" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:151 +msgid "" +"The method is usually used to check if a Future is not *cancelled* before " +"setting a result or an exception for it::" +msgstr "这个方法通常在设置结果或异常前用来检查 Future 是否已 *取消* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:154 +msgid "" +"if not fut.cancelled():\n" +" fut.set_result(42)" +msgstr "" +"if not fut.cancelled():\n" +" fut.set_result(42)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:159 +msgid "Add a callback to be run when the Future is *done*." +msgstr "添加一个在 Future *完成* 时运行的回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:161 +msgid "The *callback* is called with the Future object as its only argument." +msgstr "调用 *callback* 时，Future 对象是它的唯一参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:164 +msgid "" +"If the Future is already *done* when this method is called, the callback is " +"scheduled with :meth:`loop.call_soon`." +msgstr "如果调用这个方法时 Future 已经 *完成*，回调函数会被 :meth:`loop.call_soon` 调度。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:167 +msgid "" +"An optional keyword-only *context* argument allows specifying a custom " +":class:`contextvars.Context` for the *callback* to run in. The current " +"context is used when no *context* is provided." +msgstr "" +"可选键值类的参数 *context* 允许 *callback* 运行在一个指定的自定义 :class:`contextvars.Context` " +"对象中。如果没有提供 *context* ，则使用当前上下文。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:171 +msgid "" +":func:`functools.partial` can be used to pass parameters to the callback, " +"e.g.::" +msgstr "可以用 :func:`functools.partial` 给回调函数传递参数，例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:174 +msgid "" +"# Call 'print(\"Future:\", fut)' when \"fut\" is done.\n" +"fut.add_done_callback(\n" +" functools.partial(print, \"Future:\"))" +msgstr "" +"# 当 \"fut\" 已完成时则调用 'print(\"Future:\", fut)'。\n" +"fut.add_done_callback(\n" +" functools.partial(print, \"Future:\"))" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:178 +msgid "" +"The *context* keyword-only parameter was added. See :pep:`567` for more " +"details." +msgstr "加入键值类形参 *context*。请参阅 :pep:`567` 查看更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:184 +msgid "Remove *callback* from the callbacks list." +msgstr "从回调列表中移除 *callback* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Returns the number of callbacks removed, which is typically 1, unless a " +"callback was added more than once." +msgstr "返回被移除的回调函数的数量，通常为1，除非一个回调函数被添加多次。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:191 +msgid "Cancel the Future and schedule callbacks." +msgstr "取消 Future 并调度回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:193 +msgid "" +"If the Future is already *done* or *cancelled*, return ``False``. Otherwise," +" change the Future's state to *cancelled*, schedule the callbacks, and " +"return ``True``." +msgstr "" +"如果 Future 已经 *完成* 或 *取消* ，返回 ``False`` 。否则将 Future 状态改为 *取消* 并在调度回调函数后返回 " +"``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:197 +msgid "Added the *msg* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *msg* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:202 +msgid "Return the exception that was set on this Future." +msgstr "返回 Future 已设置的异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:204 +msgid "" +"The exception (or ``None`` if no exception was set) is returned only if the " +"Future is *done*." +msgstr "只有 Future 在 *完成* 时才返回异常（或者 ``None`` ，如果没有设置异常）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:210 +msgid "" +"If the Future isn't *done* yet, this method raises an " +":exc:`InvalidStateError` exception." +msgstr "如果 Future 还没 *完成* ，这个方法会引发一个 :exc:`InvalidStateError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:215 +msgid "Return the event loop the Future object is bound to." +msgstr "返回 Future 对象已绑定的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:222 +msgid "" +"This example creates a Future object, creates and schedules an asynchronous " +"Task to set result for the Future, and waits until the Future has a result::" +msgstr "这个例子创建一个 Future 对象，创建和调度一个异步任务去设置 Future 结果，然后等待其结果::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:226 +msgid "" +"async def set_after(fut, delay, value):\n" +" # Sleep for *delay* seconds.\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(delay)\n" +"\n" +" # Set *value* as a result of *fut* Future.\n" +" fut.set_result(value)\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Get the current event loop.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" # Create a new Future object.\n" +" fut = loop.create_future()\n" +"\n" +" # Run \"set_after()\" coroutine in a parallel Task.\n" +" # We are using the low-level \"loop.create_task()\" API here because\n" +" # we already have a reference to the event loop at hand.\n" +" # Otherwise we could have just used \"asyncio.create_task()\".\n" +" loop.create_task(\n" +" set_after(fut, 1, '... world'))\n" +"\n" +" print('hello ...')\n" +"\n" +" # Wait until *fut* has a result (1 second) and print it.\n" +" print(await fut)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"async def set_after(fut, delay, value):\n" +" # 休眠 *delay* 秒。\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(delay)\n" +"\n" +" # 将 *value* 设为 Future 对象 *fut* 的结果。\n" +" fut.set_result(value)\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 获取当前事件循环。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" # 新建一个 Future 对象。\n" +" fut = loop.create_future()\n" +"\n" +" # 在一个并行的任务中运行 \"set_after()\" 协程。\n" +" # 在这里我们使用低层级的 \"loop.create_task()\" API\n" +" # 因为我们手头已经拥有一个对事件循环的引用。\n" +" # 在其他情况下我们可以使用 \"asyncio.create_task()\"。\n" +" loop.create_task(\n" +" set_after(fut, 1, '... world'))\n" +"\n" +" print('hello ...')\n" +"\n" +" # 等待直到 *fut* 得出结果 (1 秒) 并打印它。\n" +" print(await fut)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The Future object was designed to mimic :class:`concurrent.futures.Future`." +" Key differences include:" +msgstr "该 Future 对象是为了模仿 :class:`concurrent.futures.Future` 类。主要差异包含：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:260 +msgid "" +"unlike asyncio Futures, :class:`concurrent.futures.Future` instances cannot " +"be awaited." +msgstr "与 asyncio 的 Future 不同，:class:`concurrent.futures.Future` 实例不是可等待对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:263 +msgid "" +":meth:`asyncio.Future.result` and :meth:`asyncio.Future.exception` do not " +"accept the *timeout* argument." +msgstr "" +":meth:`asyncio.Future.result` 和 :meth:`asyncio.Future.exception` 不接受 " +"*timeout* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:266 +msgid "" +":meth:`asyncio.Future.result` and :meth:`asyncio.Future.exception` raise an " +":exc:`InvalidStateError` exception when the Future is not *done*." +msgstr "" +"Future 没有 *完成* 时 :meth:`asyncio.Future.result` 和 " +":meth:`asyncio.Future.exception` 抛出一个 :exc:`InvalidStateError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Callbacks registered with :meth:`asyncio.Future.add_done_callback` are not " +"called immediately. They are scheduled with :meth:`loop.call_soon` instead." +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`asyncio.Future.add_done_callback` 注册的回调函数不会立即调用，而是被 " +":meth:`loop.call_soon` 调度。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:274 +msgid "" +"asyncio Future is not compatible with the :func:`concurrent.futures.wait` " +"and :func:`concurrent.futures.as_completed` functions." +msgstr "" +"asyncio Future 不能兼容 :func:`concurrent.futures.wait` 和 " +":func:`concurrent.futures.as_completed` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-future.rst:278 +msgid "" +":meth:`asyncio.Future.cancel` accepts an optional ``msg`` argument, but " +":meth:`concurrent.futures.Future.cancel` does not." +msgstr "" +":meth:`asyncio.Future.cancel` 接受一个可选的 ``msg`` 参数，但 " +":meth:`concurrent.futures.Future.cancel` 无此参数。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-llapi-index.po b/library/asyncio-llapi-index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebe8f6904 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-llapi-index.po @@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Jerry Chen , 2021 +# kily zhou , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Makdon , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:6 +msgid "Low-level API Index" +msgstr "低层级 API 索引" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:8 +msgid "This page lists all low-level asyncio APIs." +msgstr "本页列出所有低层级的 asyncio API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:12 +msgid "Obtaining the Event Loop" +msgstr "获取事件循环" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:18 +msgid ":func:`asyncio.get_running_loop`" +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.get_running_loop`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:19 +msgid "The **preferred** function to get the running event loop." +msgstr "获取当前运行的事件循环 **首选** 函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:21 +msgid ":func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`" +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Get an event loop instance (running or current via the current policy)." +msgstr "获取一个事件循环实例（正在运行的事件循环或通过当前策略确定的当前事件循环）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:24 +msgid ":func:`asyncio.set_event_loop`" +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.set_event_loop`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:25 +msgid "Set the event loop as current via the current policy." +msgstr "通过当前策略将事件循环设置当前事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:27 +msgid ":func:`asyncio.new_event_loop`" +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.new_event_loop`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:28 +msgid "Create a new event loop." +msgstr "创建一个新的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:32 +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:269 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:33 +msgid ":ref:`Using asyncio.get_running_loop() `." +msgstr ":ref:`使用asyncio.get_running_loop() `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:37 +msgid "Event Loop Methods" +msgstr "事件循环方法集" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:39 +msgid "" +"See also the main documentation section about the :ref:`asyncio-event-loop-" +"methods`." +msgstr "另请参阅有关 :ref:`asyncio-event-loop-methods` 的主文档章节。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:42 +msgid "Lifecycle" +msgstr "生命周期" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:47 +msgid ":meth:`loop.run_until_complete`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.run_until_complete`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:48 +msgid "Run a Future/Task/awaitable until complete." +msgstr "运行一个期程/任务/可等待对象直到完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:50 +msgid ":meth:`loop.run_forever`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.run_forever`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:51 +msgid "Run the event loop forever." +msgstr "一直运行事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:53 +msgid ":meth:`loop.stop`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.stop`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:54 +msgid "Stop the event loop." +msgstr "停止事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:56 +msgid ":meth:`loop.close`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.close`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:57 +msgid "Close the event loop." +msgstr "关闭事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:59 +msgid ":meth:`loop.is_running`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.is_running`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:60 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the event loop is running." +msgstr "返回 ``True`` ， 如果事件循环正在运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:62 +msgid ":meth:`loop.is_closed`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.is_closed`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:63 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the event loop is closed." +msgstr "返回 ``True`` ，如果事件循环已经被关闭 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:65 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.shutdown_asyncgens`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.shutdown_asyncgens`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:66 +msgid "Close asynchronous generators." +msgstr "关闭异步生成器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:69 +msgid "Debugging" +msgstr "调试" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:74 +msgid ":meth:`loop.set_debug`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.set_debug`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:75 +msgid "Enable or disable the debug mode." +msgstr "开启或禁用调试模式。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:77 +msgid ":meth:`loop.get_debug`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.get_debug`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:78 +msgid "Get the current debug mode." +msgstr "获取当前测试模式。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:81 +msgid "Scheduling Callbacks" +msgstr "调度回调函数" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:86 +msgid ":meth:`loop.call_soon`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.call_soon`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:87 +msgid "Invoke a callback soon." +msgstr "尽快调用回调。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:89 +msgid ":meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:90 +msgid "A thread-safe variant of :meth:`loop.call_soon`." +msgstr ":meth:`loop.call_soon` 方法线程安全的变体。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:92 +msgid ":meth:`loop.call_later`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.call_later`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:93 +msgid "Invoke a callback *after* the given time." +msgstr "在给定时间 *之后* 调用回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:95 +msgid ":meth:`loop.call_at`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.call_at`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:96 +msgid "Invoke a callback *at* the given time." +msgstr "在 *指定* 时间调用回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:99 +msgid "Thread/Process Pool" +msgstr "线程/进程池" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:104 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Run a CPU-bound or other blocking function in a :mod:`concurrent.futures` " +"executor." +msgstr "在 :mod:`concurrent.futures` 执行器中运行一个独占CPU或其它阻塞函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:108 +msgid ":meth:`loop.set_default_executor`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.set_default_executor`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:109 +msgid "Set the default executor for :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`." +msgstr "设置 :meth:`loop.run_in_executor` 默认执行器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:112 +msgid "Tasks and Futures" +msgstr "任务与期程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:117 +msgid ":meth:`loop.create_future`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.create_future`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:118 +msgid "Create a :class:`Future` object." +msgstr "创建一个 :class:`Future` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:120 +msgid ":meth:`loop.create_task`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.create_task`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:121 +msgid "Schedule coroutine as a :class:`Task`." +msgstr "将协程当作 :class:`Task` 一样调度。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:123 +msgid ":meth:`loop.set_task_factory`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.set_task_factory`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Set a factory used by :meth:`loop.create_task` to create :class:`Tasks " +"`." +msgstr "设置 :meth:`loop.create_task` 使用的工厂，它将用来创建 :class:`Tasks ` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:127 +msgid ":meth:`loop.get_task_factory`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.get_task_factory`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Get the factory :meth:`loop.create_task` uses to create :class:`Tasks " +"`." +msgstr "获取 :meth:`loop.create_task` 使用的工厂，它用来创建 :class:`Tasks ` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:132 +msgid "DNS" +msgstr "DNS" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:137 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.getaddrinfo`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.getaddrinfo`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:138 +msgid "Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getaddrinfo`." +msgstr "异步版的 :meth:`socket.getaddrinfo` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:140 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.getnameinfo`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.getnameinfo`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:141 +msgid "Asynchronous version of :meth:`socket.getnameinfo`." +msgstr "异步版的 :meth:`socket.getnameinfo` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:144 +msgid "Networking and IPC" +msgstr "网络和IPC" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:149 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_connection`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_connection`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:150 +msgid "Open a TCP connection." +msgstr "打开一个TCP链接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:152 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_server`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_server`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:153 +msgid "Create a TCP server." +msgstr "创建一个TCP服务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:155 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:156 +msgid "Open a Unix socket connection." +msgstr "打开一个Unix socket连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:158 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:159 +msgid "Create a Unix socket server." +msgstr "创建一个Unix socket服务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:161 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:162 +msgid "Wrap a :class:`~socket.socket` into a ``(transport, protocol)`` pair." +msgstr "将 :class:`~socket.socket` 包装成 ``(transport, protocol)`` 对。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:165 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:166 +msgid "Open a datagram (UDP) connection." +msgstr "打开一个数据报(UDP)连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:168 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sendfile`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sendfile`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:169 +msgid "Send a file over a transport." +msgstr "通过传输通道发送一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:171 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.start_tls`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.start_tls`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:172 +msgid "Upgrade an existing connection to TLS." +msgstr "将一个已建立的链接升级到TLS。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:174 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:175 +msgid "Wrap a read end of a pipe into a ``(transport, protocol)`` pair." +msgstr "将管道读取端包装成 ``(transport, protocol)`` 对。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:177 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:178 +msgid "Wrap a write end of a pipe into a ``(transport, protocol)`` pair." +msgstr "将管道写入端包装成 ``(transport, protocol)`` 对。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:181 +msgid "Sockets" +msgstr "套接字" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:186 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recv`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recv`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:187 +msgid "Receive data from the :class:`~socket.socket`." +msgstr "从 :class:`~socket.socket` 接收数据。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:189 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recv_into`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recv_into`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:190 +msgid "Receive data from the :class:`~socket.socket` into a buffer." +msgstr "从 :class:`~socket.socket` 接收数据到一个缓冲区中。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:192 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recvfrom`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recvfrom`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:193 +msgid "Receive a datagram from the :class:`~socket.socket`." +msgstr "从 :class:`~socket.socket` 接收数据报。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:195 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recvfrom_into`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_recvfrom_into`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:196 +msgid "Receive a datagram from the :class:`~socket.socket` into a buffer." +msgstr "从 :class:`~socket.socket` 接收数据报并放入缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:198 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendall`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendall`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:199 +msgid "Send data to the :class:`~socket.socket`." +msgstr "发送数据到 :class:`~socket.socket` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:201 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendto`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendto`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:202 +msgid "Send a datagram via the :class:`~socket.socket` to the given address." +msgstr "通过 :class:`~socket.socket` 向给定的地址发送数据报。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:204 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_connect`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_connect`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:205 +msgid "Connect the :class:`~socket.socket`." +msgstr "链接 ``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_connect` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:207 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_accept`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_accept`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:208 +msgid "Accept a :class:`~socket.socket` connection." +msgstr "接受一个 :class:`~socket.socket` 链接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:210 +msgid "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendfile`" +msgstr "``await`` :meth:`loop.sock_sendfile`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:211 +msgid "Send a file over the :class:`~socket.socket`." +msgstr "利用 :class:`~socket.socket` 发送一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:213 +msgid ":meth:`loop.add_reader`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.add_reader`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:214 +msgid "Start watching a file descriptor for read availability." +msgstr "开始对一个文件描述符的可读性的监视。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:216 +msgid ":meth:`loop.remove_reader`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.remove_reader`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:217 +msgid "Stop watching a file descriptor for read availability." +msgstr "停止对一个文件描述符的可读性的监视。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:219 +msgid ":meth:`loop.add_writer`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.add_writer`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:220 +msgid "Start watching a file descriptor for write availability." +msgstr "开始对一个文件描述符的可写性的监视。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:222 +msgid ":meth:`loop.remove_writer`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.remove_writer`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:223 +msgid "Stop watching a file descriptor for write availability." +msgstr "停止对一个文件描述符的可写性的监视。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:226 +msgid "Unix Signals" +msgstr "Unix信号" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:231 +msgid ":meth:`loop.add_signal_handler`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.add_signal_handler`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:232 +msgid "Add a handler for a :mod:`signal`." +msgstr "给 :mod:`signal` 添加一个处理回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:234 +msgid ":meth:`loop.remove_signal_handler`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.remove_signal_handler`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:235 +msgid "Remove a handler for a :mod:`signal`." +msgstr "删除 :mod:`signal` 的处理回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:238 +msgid "Subprocesses" +msgstr "子进程集" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:243 +msgid ":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:244 +msgid "Spawn a subprocess." +msgstr "衍生一个子进程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:246 +msgid ":meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:247 +msgid "Spawn a subprocess from a shell command." +msgstr "从终端命令衍生一个子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:250 +msgid "Error Handling" +msgstr "错误处理" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:255 +msgid ":meth:`loop.call_exception_handler`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.call_exception_handler`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:256 +msgid "Call the exception handler." +msgstr "调用异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:258 +msgid ":meth:`loop.set_exception_handler`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.set_exception_handler`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:259 +msgid "Set a new exception handler." +msgstr "设置一个新的异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:261 +msgid ":meth:`loop.get_exception_handler`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.get_exception_handler`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:262 +msgid "Get the current exception handler." +msgstr "获取当前异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:264 +msgid ":meth:`loop.default_exception_handler`" +msgstr ":meth:`loop.default_exception_handler`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:265 +msgid "The default exception handler implementation." +msgstr "默认异常处理器实现。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:270 +msgid "" +":ref:`Using asyncio.new_event_loop() and loop.run_forever() " +"`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`使用 asyncio.new_event_loop() 和 loop.run_forever() " +"`." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:273 +msgid ":ref:`Using loop.call_later() `." +msgstr ":ref:`使用 loop.call_later() `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Using ``loop.create_connection()`` to implement :ref:`an echo-client " +"`." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``loop.create_connection()`` 实现 :ref:`echo客户端 " +"`." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Using ``loop.create_connection()`` to :ref:`connect a socket " +"`." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``loop.create_connection()`` 去 :ref:`链接socket " +"`." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:281 +msgid "" +":ref:`Using add_reader() to watch an FD for read events " +"`." +msgstr ":ref:`使用add_reader()监听FD(文件描述符)的读取事件 `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:284 +msgid ":ref:`Using loop.add_signal_handler() `." +msgstr ":ref:`使用loop.add_signal_handler() `." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:286 +msgid "" +":ref:`Using loop.subprocess_exec() `." +msgstr "" +":ref:`使用loop.add_signal_handler() `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:290 +msgid "Transports" +msgstr "传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:292 +msgid "All transports implement the following methods:" +msgstr "所有传输都实现以下方法:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:298 +msgid ":meth:`transport.close() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.close() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:299 +msgid "Close the transport." +msgstr "关闭传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:301 +msgid ":meth:`transport.is_closing() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.is_closing() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:302 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the transport is closing or is closed." +msgstr "返回 ``True`` ，如果传输正在关闭或已经关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:304 +msgid ":meth:`transport.get_extra_info() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.get_extra_info() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:305 +msgid "Request for information about the transport." +msgstr "请求传输的相关信息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:307 +msgid ":meth:`transport.set_protocol() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.set_protocol() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:308 +msgid "Set a new protocol." +msgstr "设置一个新协议。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:310 +msgid ":meth:`transport.get_protocol() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.get_protocol() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:311 +msgid "Return the current protocol." +msgstr "返回当前协议。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Transports that can receive data (TCP and Unix connections, pipes, etc). " +"Returned from methods like :meth:`loop.create_connection`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`, etc:" +msgstr "" +"传输可以接收数据(TCP和Unix链接，管道等)。它通过 :meth:`loop.create_connection`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe` 等方法返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:319 +msgid "Read Transports" +msgstr "读取传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:324 +msgid ":meth:`transport.is_reading() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.is_reading() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:325 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the transport is receiving." +msgstr "返回 ``True`` ，如果传输正在接收。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:327 +msgid ":meth:`transport.pause_reading() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.pause_reading() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:328 +msgid "Pause receiving." +msgstr "暂停接收。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:330 +msgid ":meth:`transport.resume_reading() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.resume_reading() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:331 +msgid "Resume receiving." +msgstr "继续接收。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Transports that can Send data (TCP and Unix connections, pipes, etc). " +"Returned from methods like :meth:`loop.create_connection`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`, etc:" +msgstr "" +"传输可以发送数据(TCP和Unix链接，管道等)。它通过 :meth:`loop.create_connection`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` 等方法返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:339 +msgid "Write Transports" +msgstr "写入传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:344 +msgid ":meth:`transport.write() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.write() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:345 +msgid "Write data to the transport." +msgstr "向传输写入数据。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:347 +msgid ":meth:`transport.writelines() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.write() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:348 +msgid "Write buffers to the transport." +msgstr "向传输写入缓冲。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:350 +msgid ":meth:`transport.can_write_eof() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.can_write_eof() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:351 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if the transport supports sending EOF." +msgstr "返回 :const:`True` ，如果传输支持发送 EOF。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:353 +msgid ":meth:`transport.write_eof() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.write_eof() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:354 +msgid "Close and send EOF after flushing buffered data." +msgstr "在冲洗已缓冲的数据后关闭传输和发送EOF。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:356 +msgid ":meth:`transport.abort() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.abort() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:357 +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:383 +msgid "Close the transport immediately." +msgstr "立即关闭传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:359 +msgid "" +":meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_size() " +"`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_size() " +"`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:361 +msgid "Return the current size of the output buffer." +msgstr "返回当前输出缓冲区的大小。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:363 +msgid "" +":meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_limits() " +"`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_limits() " +"`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:365 +msgid "Return high and low water marks for write flow control." +msgstr "返回写入流控制的高位标记位和低位标记位。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:367 +msgid "" +":meth:`transport.set_write_buffer_limits() " +"`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`transport.set_write_buffer_limits() " +"`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:369 +msgid "Set new high and low water marks for write flow control." +msgstr "设置新的写入流控制的高位标记位和低位标记位。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:372 +msgid "Transports returned by :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint`:" +msgstr "由 :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 返回的传输:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:374 +msgid "Datagram Transports" +msgstr "数据报传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:379 +msgid ":meth:`transport.sendto() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.sendto() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:380 +msgid "Send data to the remote peer." +msgstr "发送数据到远程链接端。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:382 +msgid ":meth:`transport.abort() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.abort() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Low-level transport abstraction over subprocesses. Returned by " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` and :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`:" +msgstr "" +"基于子进程的底层抽象传输，它由 :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 和 :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`" +" 返回:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:390 +msgid "Subprocess Transports" +msgstr "子进程传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:395 +msgid ":meth:`transport.get_pid() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.get_pid() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:396 +msgid "Return the subprocess process id." +msgstr "返回子进程的进程ID。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:398 +msgid "" +":meth:`transport.get_pipe_transport() " +"`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`transport.get_pipe_transport() " +"`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Return the transport for the requested communication pipe (*stdin*, " +"*stdout*, or *stderr*)." +msgstr "返回请求通信管道 (*stdin*, *stdout*, 或 *stderr*)的传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:403 +msgid "" +":meth:`transport.get_returncode() `" +msgstr "" +":meth:`transport.get_returncode() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:404 +msgid "Return the subprocess return code." +msgstr "返回子进程的返回代号。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:406 +msgid ":meth:`transport.kill() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.kill() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:407 +msgid "Kill the subprocess." +msgstr "杀死子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:409 +msgid ":meth:`transport.send_signal() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.send_signal() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:410 +msgid "Send a signal to the subprocess." +msgstr "发送一个信号到子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:412 +msgid ":meth:`transport.terminate() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.terminate() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:413 +msgid "Stop the subprocess." +msgstr "停止子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:415 +msgid ":meth:`transport.close() `" +msgstr ":meth:`transport.close() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:416 +msgid "Kill the subprocess and close all pipes." +msgstr "杀死子进程并关闭所有管道。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:420 +msgid "Protocols" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:422 +msgid "Protocol classes can implement the following **callback methods**:" +msgstr "协议类可以由下面 **回调方法** 实现：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:428 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`connection_made() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`connection_made() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:429 +msgid "Called when a connection is made." +msgstr "连接建立时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:431 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`connection_lost() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`connection_lost() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:432 +msgid "Called when the connection is lost or closed." +msgstr "连接丢失或关闭时将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:434 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`pause_writing() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`pause_writing() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:435 +msgid "Called when the transport's buffer goes over the high water mark." +msgstr "传输的缓冲区超过高位标记位时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:437 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`resume_writing() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`resume_writing() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:438 +msgid "Called when the transport's buffer drains below the low water mark." +msgstr "传输的缓冲区传送到低位标记位时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:441 +msgid "Streaming Protocols (TCP, Unix Sockets, Pipes)" +msgstr "流协议 (TCP, Unix 套接字, 管道)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:446 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`data_received() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`data_received() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:447 +msgid "Called when some data is received." +msgstr "接收到数据时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:449 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`eof_received() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`eof_received() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:450 +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:465 +msgid "Called when an EOF is received." +msgstr "接收到EOF时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:453 +msgid "Buffered Streaming Protocols" +msgstr "缓冲流协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:458 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`get_buffer() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`get_buffer() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:459 +msgid "Called to allocate a new receive buffer." +msgstr "调用后会分配新的接收缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:461 +msgid "" +"``callback`` :meth:`buffer_updated() `" +msgstr "" +"``callback`` :meth:`buffer_updated() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:462 +msgid "Called when the buffer was updated with the received data." +msgstr "用接收的数据更新缓冲区时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:464 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`eof_received() `" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`eof_received() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:468 +msgid "Datagram Protocols" +msgstr "数据报协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:473 +msgid "" +"``callback`` :meth:`datagram_received() " +"`" +msgstr "" +"``callback`` :meth:`datagram_received() " +"`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:475 +msgid "Called when a datagram is received." +msgstr "接收到数据报时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:477 +msgid "" +"``callback`` :meth:`error_received() `" +msgstr "" +"``callback`` :meth:`error_received() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Called when a previous send or receive operation raises an :class:`OSError`." +msgstr "前一个发送或接收操作引发 :class:`OSError` 时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:482 +msgid "Subprocess Protocols" +msgstr "子进程协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:487 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received`" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:488 +msgid "" +"Called when the child process writes data into its *stdout* or *stderr* " +"pipe." +msgstr "子进程向 *stdout* 或 *stderr* 管道写入数据时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:491 +msgid "``callback`` :meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost`" +msgstr "``callback`` :meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Called when one of the pipes communicating with the child process is closed." +msgstr "与子进程通信的其中一个管道关闭时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:495 +msgid "" +"``callback`` :meth:`process_exited() `" +msgstr "" +"``callback`` :meth:`process_exited() `" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Called when the child process has exited. It can be called before " +":meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received` and " +":meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost` methods." +msgstr "" +"当子进程退出时被调用。 可在 :meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received` 和 " +":meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost` 方法之前被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:503 +msgid "Event Loop Policies" +msgstr "事件循环策略" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Policies is a low-level mechanism to alter the behavior of functions like " +":func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`. See also the main :ref:`policies section " +"` for more details." +msgstr "" +"策略是改变 :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` 这类函数行为的一个底层机制。更多细节可以查阅 :ref:`策略部分 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:511 +msgid "Accessing Policies" +msgstr "访问策略" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:516 +msgid ":meth:`asyncio.get_event_loop_policy`" +msgstr ":meth:`asyncio.get_event_loop_policy`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:517 +msgid "Return the current process-wide policy." +msgstr "返回当前进程域的策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:519 +msgid ":meth:`asyncio.set_event_loop_policy`" +msgstr ":meth:`asyncio.set_event_loop_policy`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:520 +msgid "Set a new process-wide policy." +msgstr "设置一个新的进程域策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:522 +msgid ":class:`AbstractEventLoopPolicy`" +msgstr ":class:`AbstractEventLoopPolicy`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-llapi-index.rst:523 +msgid "Base class for policy objects." +msgstr "策略对象的基类。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-platforms.po b/library/asyncio-platforms.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..330ad2abf --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-platforms.po @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:9 +msgid "Platform Support" +msgstr "平台支持" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` module is designed to be portable, but some platforms " +"have subtle differences and limitations due to the platforms' underlying " +"architecture and capabilities." +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio` 模块被设计为可移植的,但由于平台的底层架构和功能，一些平台存在细微的差异和限制。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:17 +msgid "All Platforms" +msgstr "所有平台" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:19 +msgid "" +":meth:`loop.add_reader` and :meth:`loop.add_writer` cannot be used to " +"monitor file I/O." +msgstr ":meth:`loop.add_reader` 和 :meth:`loop.add_writer` 不能用来监视文件I/O。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:24 +msgid "Windows" +msgstr "Windows" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:26 +msgid "" +"**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/proactor_events.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/windows_events.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/windows_utils.py`" +msgstr "" +"**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/proactor_events.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/windows_events.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/windows_utils.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:34 +msgid "On Windows, :class:`ProactorEventLoop` is now the default event loop." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，:class:`ProactorEventLoop` 现在是默认的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:36 +msgid "All event loops on Windows do not support the following methods:" +msgstr "Windows上的所有事件循环都不支持以下方法:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:38 +msgid "" +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection` and :meth:`loop.create_unix_server` are " +"not supported. The :const:`socket.AF_UNIX` socket family is specific to " +"Unix." +msgstr "" +"不支持 :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection` 和 :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`。 " +":const:`socket.AF_UNIX` 套接字族是 Unix 专属的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:42 +msgid "" +":meth:`loop.add_signal_handler` and :meth:`loop.remove_signal_handler` are " +"not supported." +msgstr "" +"不支持 :meth:`loop.add_signal_handler` 和 :meth:`loop.remove_signal_handler` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:45 +msgid ":class:`SelectorEventLoop` has the following limitations:" +msgstr ":class:`SelectorEventLoop` 有下列限制:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:47 +msgid "" +":class:`~selectors.SelectSelector` is used to wait on socket events: it " +"supports sockets and is limited to 512 sockets." +msgstr ":class:`~selectors.SelectSelector` 只被用于等待套接字事件：它支持套接字且最多支持512个套接字。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:50 +msgid "" +":meth:`loop.add_reader` and :meth:`loop.add_writer` only accept socket " +"handles (e.g. pipe file descriptors are not supported)." +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.add_reader` 和 :meth:`loop.add_writer` " +"只接受套接字处理回调函数(如管道、文件描述符等都不支持)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Pipes are not supported, so the :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe` and " +":meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` methods are not implemented." +msgstr "" +"因为不支持管道，所以 :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe` 和 :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`" +" 方法没有实现。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:56 +msgid "" +":ref:`Subprocesses ` are not supported, i.e. " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` and :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` methods are " +"not implemented." +msgstr "" +"不支持 :ref:`Subprocesses ` ，也就是 " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 和 :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` 方法没有实现。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:60 +msgid ":class:`ProactorEventLoop` has the following limitations:" +msgstr ":class:`ProactorEventLoop` 有下列限制:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:62 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.add_reader` and :meth:`loop.add_writer` methods are not " +"supported." +msgstr "不支持 :meth:`loop.add_reader` 和 :meth:`loop.add_writer` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The resolution of the monotonic clock on Windows is usually around 15.6 " +"milliseconds. The best resolution is 0.5 milliseconds. The resolution " +"depends on the hardware (availability of `HPET " +"`_) and on the " +"Windows configuration." +msgstr "" +"通常 Windows 上单调时钟的分辨率约为 15.6 毫秒。 最佳分辨率是 0.5 毫秒。 分辨率依赖于具体的硬件 (`HPET " +"`_ 的可用性) 和 Windows" +" 的设置。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:75 +msgid "Subprocess Support on Windows" +msgstr "Windows的子进程支持" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:77 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the default event loop :class:`ProactorEventLoop` supports " +"subprocesses, whereas :class:`SelectorEventLoop` does not." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，默认的事件循环 :class:`ProactorEventLoop` 支持子进程，而 " +":class:`SelectorEventLoop` 则不支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:80 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`policy.set_child_watcher() " +"` function is also not supported," +" as :class:`ProactorEventLoop` has a different mechanism to watch child " +"processes." +msgstr "" +"也不支持 :meth:`policy.set_child_watcher() " +"` 函数，:class:`ProactorEventLoop` " +"有不同的机制来监视子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:87 +msgid "macOS" +msgstr "macOS" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:89 +msgid "Modern macOS versions are fully supported." +msgstr "完整支持流行的macOS版本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:92 +msgid "macOS <= 10.8" +msgstr "macOS <= 10.8" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:93 +msgid "" +"On macOS 10.6, 10.7 and 10.8, the default event loop uses " +":class:`selectors.KqueueSelector`, which does not support character devices " +"on these versions. The :class:`SelectorEventLoop` can be manually " +"configured to use :class:`~selectors.SelectSelector` or " +":class:`~selectors.PollSelector` to support character devices on these older" +" versions of macOS. Example::" +msgstr "" +"在 macOS 10.6, 10.7 和 10.8 上，默认的事件循环使用 " +":class:`selectors.KqueueSelector`，在这些版本上它并不支持字符设备。 可以手工配置 " +":class:`SelectorEventLoop` 来使用 :class:`~selectors.SelectSelector` 或 " +":class:`~selectors.PollSelector` 以在这些较老版本的 macOS 上支持字符设备。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-platforms.rst:100 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import selectors\n" +"\n" +"selector = selectors.SelectSelector()\n" +"loop = asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selector)\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import selectors\n" +"\n" +"selector = selectors.SelectSelector()\n" +"loop = asyncio.SelectorEventLoop(selector)\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)" diff --git a/library/asyncio-policy.po b/library/asyncio-policy.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5ecbc4d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-policy.po @@ -0,0 +1,451 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:8 +msgid "Policies" +msgstr "策略" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:10 +msgid "" +"An event loop policy is a global object used to get and set the current " +":ref:`event loop `, as well as create new event loops. " +"The default policy can be :ref:`replaced ` with " +":ref:`built-in alternatives ` to use different event" +" loop implementations, or substituted by a :ref:`custom policy ` that can override these behaviors." +msgstr "" +"事件循环策略是一个用于获取和设置当前 :ref:`事件循环 ` 的全局对象，还可以创建新的事件循环。 " +"默认策略可以可以被 :ref:`替换 ` 为 :ref:`内置替代策略 ` 以使用不同的事件循环实现，或者替换为可以覆盖这些行为的 :ref:`自定义策略 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`policy object ` gets and sets a separate " +"event loop per *context*. This is per-thread by default, though custom " +"policies could define *context* differently." +msgstr "" +":ref:`策略对象 ` 可为每个 *context* 获取和设置单独的事件循环。 " +"在默认情况下是分线程，不过自定义策略可以按不同的方式定义 *context*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Custom event loop policies can control the behavior of " +":func:`get_event_loop`, :func:`set_event_loop`, and :func:`new_event_loop`." +msgstr "" +"自定义事件循环策略可以控制 :func:`get_event_loop`, :func:`set_event_loop` 和 " +":func:`new_event_loop` 的行为。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Policy objects should implement the APIs defined in the " +":class:`AbstractEventLoopPolicy` abstract base class." +msgstr "策略对象应该实现 :class:`AbstractEventLoopPolicy` 抽象基类中定义的API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:34 +msgid "Getting and Setting the Policy" +msgstr "获取和设置策略" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The following functions can be used to get and set the policy for the " +"current process:" +msgstr "可以使用下面函数获取和设置当前进程的策略:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:41 +msgid "Return the current process-wide policy." +msgstr "返回当前进程域的策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:45 +msgid "Set the current process-wide policy to *policy*." +msgstr "将 *policy* 设置为当前进程域策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:47 +msgid "If *policy* is set to ``None``, the default policy is restored." +msgstr "如果 *policy* 设为 ``None`` 将恢复默认策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:53 +msgid "Policy Objects" +msgstr "策略对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:55 +msgid "The abstract event loop policy base class is defined as follows:" +msgstr "抽象事件循环策略基类定义如下:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:59 +msgid "An abstract base class for asyncio policies." +msgstr "异步策略的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:63 +msgid "Get the event loop for the current context." +msgstr "为当前上下文获取事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Return an event loop object implementing the :class:`AbstractEventLoop` " +"interface." +msgstr "返回一个实现 :class:`AbstractEventLoop` 接口的事件循环对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:68 ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:80 +msgid "This method should never return ``None``." +msgstr "该方法永远不应返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:74 +msgid "Set the event loop for the current context to *loop*." +msgstr "将当前上下文的事件循环设置为 *loop* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:78 +msgid "Create and return a new event loop object." +msgstr "创建并返回一个新的事件循环对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:84 +msgid "Get a child process watcher object." +msgstr "获取子进程监视器对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Return a watcher object implementing the :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` " +"interface." +msgstr "返回一个实现 :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` 接口的监视器对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:89 ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:97 +msgid "This function is Unix specific." +msgstr "该函数仅支持Unix。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:95 +msgid "Set the current child process watcher to *watcher*." +msgstr "将当前子进程监视器设置为 *watcher* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:104 +msgid "asyncio ships with the following built-in policies:" +msgstr "asyncio附带下列内置策略:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The default asyncio policy. Uses :class:`SelectorEventLoop` on Unix and " +":class:`ProactorEventLoop` on Windows." +msgstr "" +"默认的 asyncio 策略。 在 Unix 上使用 :class:`SelectorEventLoop` 而在 Windows 上使用 " +":class:`ProactorEventLoop`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:112 +msgid "" +"There is no need to install the default policy manually. asyncio is " +"configured to use the default policy automatically." +msgstr "不需要手动安装默认策略。asyncio已配置成自动使用默认策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:117 +msgid "On Windows, :class:`ProactorEventLoop` is now used by default." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，现在默认会使用 :class:`ProactorEventLoop`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:119 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`get_event_loop` method of the default asyncio policy now emits a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` if there is no current event loop set and it " +"decides to create one. In some future Python release this will become an " +"error." +msgstr "" +"现在默认 asyncio 策略的 :meth:`get_event_loop` 方法将在没有正在运行的事件循环而决定创建一个事件循环时发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在未来的某个 Python 发布版中这将改为发出错误。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:128 +msgid "" +"An alternative event loop policy that uses the :class:`SelectorEventLoop` " +"event loop implementation." +msgstr "一个使用 :class:`SelectorEventLoop` 事件循环实现的替代事件循环策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:131 ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:139 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:136 +msgid "" +"An alternative event loop policy that uses the :class:`ProactorEventLoop` " +"event loop implementation." +msgstr "使用 :class:`ProactorEventLoop` 事件循环实现的另一种事件循环策略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:145 +msgid "Process Watchers" +msgstr "进程监视器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:147 +msgid "" +"A process watcher allows customization of how an event loop monitors child " +"processes on Unix. Specifically, the event loop needs to know when a child " +"process has exited." +msgstr "进程监视器允许定制事件循环如何监视Unix子进程。具体来说，事件循环需要知道子进程何时退出。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:151 +msgid "" +"In asyncio, child processes are created with :func:`create_subprocess_exec` " +"and :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` functions." +msgstr "" +"在asyncio中子进程由 :func:`create_subprocess_exec` 和 :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`" +" 函数创建。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:155 +msgid "" +"asyncio defines the :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` abstract base class, which" +" child watchers should implement, and has four different implementations: " +":class:`ThreadedChildWatcher` (configured to be used by default), " +":class:`MultiLoopChildWatcher`, :class:`SafeChildWatcher`, and " +":class:`FastChildWatcher`." +msgstr "" +"asyncio 定义了 :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` 抽象基类，子监视器必须要实现它，并具有四种不同实现: " +":class:`ThreadedChildWatcher` (已配置为默认使用), :class:`MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`SafeChildWatcher` 和 :class:`FastChildWatcher`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:161 +msgid "" +"See also the :ref:`Subprocess and Threads ` " +"section." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`子进程和线程 ` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:164 +msgid "" +"The following two functions can be used to customize the child process " +"watcher implementation used by the asyncio event loop:" +msgstr "以下两个函数可用于自定义子进程监视器实现，它将被asyncio事件循环使用:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:169 +msgid "Return the current child watcher for the current policy." +msgstr "返回当前策略的当前子监视器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Set the current child watcher to *watcher* for the current policy. " +"*watcher* must implement methods defined in the " +":class:`AbstractChildWatcher` base class." +msgstr "" +"将当前策略的子监视器设置为 *watcher* 。*watcher* 必须实现 :class:`AbstractChildWatcher` " +"基类定义的方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Third-party event loops implementations might not support custom child " +"watchers. For such event loops, using :func:`set_child_watcher` might be " +"prohibited or have no effect." +msgstr "第三方事件循环实现可能不支持自定义子监视器。对于这样的事件循环，禁止使用 :func:`set_child_watcher` 或不起作用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:190 +msgid "Register a new child handler." +msgstr "注册一个新的子处理回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Arrange for ``callback(pid, returncode, *args)`` to be called when a process" +" with PID equal to *pid* terminates. Specifying another callback for the " +"same process replaces the previous handler." +msgstr "" +"安排 ``callback(pid, returncode, *args)`` 在进程的PID与 *pid* " +"相等时调用。指定另一个同进程的回调函数替换之前的回调处理函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:197 +msgid "The *callback* callable must be thread-safe." +msgstr "回调函数 *callback* 必须是线程安全。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:201 +msgid "Removes the handler for process with PID equal to *pid*." +msgstr "删除进程PID与 *pid* 相等的进程的处理函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The function returns ``True`` if the handler was successfully removed, " +"``False`` if there was nothing to remove." +msgstr "处理函数成功删除时返回 ``True`` ，没有删除时返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:208 +msgid "Attach the watcher to an event loop." +msgstr "给一个事件循环绑定监视器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:210 +msgid "" +"If the watcher was previously attached to an event loop, then it is first " +"detached before attaching to the new loop." +msgstr "如果监视器之前已绑定另一个事件循环，那么在绑定新循环前会先解绑原来的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:213 +msgid "Note: loop may be ``None``." +msgstr "注意：循环有可能是 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:217 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the watcher is ready to use." +msgstr "如果监视器已准备好使用则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Spawning a subprocess with *inactive* current child watcher raises " +":exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "使用 *不活动的* 当前子监视器生成子进程将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:226 +msgid "Close the watcher." +msgstr "关闭监视器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:228 +msgid "" +"This method has to be called to ensure that underlying resources are " +"cleaned-up." +msgstr "必须调用这个方法以确保相关资源会被清理。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:236 +msgid "" +"This implementation starts a new waiting thread for every subprocess spawn." +msgstr "此实现会为每个生成的子进程启动一具新的等待线程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:238 +msgid "" +"It works reliably even when the asyncio event loop is run in a non-main OS " +"thread." +msgstr "即使是当 asyncio 事件循环运行在非主 OS 线程上时它也能可靠地工作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:240 +msgid "" +"There is no noticeable overhead when handling a big number of children " +"(*O*\\ (1) each time a child terminates), but starting a thread per process " +"requires extra memory." +msgstr "当处理大量子进程时不存在显著的开销 (每次子进程结束时为 *O*\\ (1))，但当每个进程启动一个线程时则需要额外的内存。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:243 +msgid "This watcher is used by default." +msgstr "此监视器会默认被使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:249 +msgid "" +"This implementation registers a :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal handler on " +"instantiation. That can break third-party code that installs a custom " +"handler for :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal." +msgstr "" +"此实现会在实例化时注册一个 :py:data:`SIGCHLD` 信号处理程序。 这可能会破坏为 :py:data:`SIGCHLD` " +"信号安装自定义处理程序的第三方代码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:253 ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:273 +msgid "" +"The watcher avoids disrupting other code spawning processes by polling every" +" process explicitly on a :py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal." +msgstr "此监视器会在收到 :py:data:`SIGCHLD` 信号时通过显式地轮询每个进程来避免干扰其他代码生成的进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:256 +msgid "" +"There is no limitation for running subprocesses from different threads once " +"the watcher is installed." +msgstr "该监视器一旦被安装就不会限制从不同线程运行子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The solution is safe but it has a significant overhead when handling a big " +"number of processes (*O*\\ (*n*) each time a :py:data:`SIGCHLD` is " +"received)." +msgstr "该解决方案是安全的，但在处理大量进程时会有显著的开销 (每收到一个 :py:data:`SIGCHLD` 时为 *O*\\ (*n*))。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:269 +msgid "" +"This implementation uses active event loop from the main thread to handle " +":py:data:`SIGCHLD` signal. If the main thread has no running event loop " +"another thread cannot spawn a subprocess (:exc:`RuntimeError` is raised)." +msgstr "" +"该实现会使用主线程中的活动事件循环来处理 :py:data:`SIGCHLD` 信号。 如果主线程没有正在运行的事件循环，则其他线程无法生成子进程 " +"(会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:276 +msgid "" +"This solution is as safe as :class:`MultiLoopChildWatcher` and has the same " +"*O*\\ (*n*) complexity but requires a running event loop in the main thread " +"to work." +msgstr "" +"该解决方案与 :class:`MultiLoopChildWatcher` 一样安全并具有相同的 *O*\\ (*n*) " +"复杂度，但需要主线程有正在运行的事件循环才能工作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:283 +msgid "" +"This implementation reaps every terminated processes by calling " +"``os.waitpid(-1)`` directly, possibly breaking other code spawning processes" +" and waiting for their termination." +msgstr "这种实现直接调用 ``os.waitpid(-1)`` 来获取所有已结束的进程，可能会中断其它代码洐生进程并等待它们结束。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:287 +msgid "" +"There is no noticeable overhead when handling a big number of children " +"(*O*\\ (1) each time a child terminates)." +msgstr "在处理大量子进程时没有明显的开销 (每次子进程结束时为 *O*\\ (1))。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:290 +msgid "" +"This solution requires a running event loop in the main thread to work, as " +":class:`SafeChildWatcher`." +msgstr "该解决方案需要主线程有正在运行的事件循环才能工作，这与 :class:`SafeChildWatcher` 一样。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:297 +msgid "" +"This implementation polls process file descriptors (pidfds) to await child " +"process termination. In some respects, :class:`PidfdChildWatcher` is a " +"\"Goldilocks\" child watcher implementation. It doesn't require signals or " +"threads, doesn't interfere with any processes launched outside the event " +"loop, and scales linearly with the number of subprocesses launched by the " +"event loop. The main disadvantage is that pidfds are specific to Linux, and " +"only work on recent (5.3+) kernels." +msgstr "" +"这个实现会轮询处理文件描述符 (pidfds) 以等待子进程终结。 在某些方面，:class:`PidfdChildWatcher` " +"是一个“理想的”子进程监视器实现。 它不需要使用信号或线程，不会介入任何在事件循环以外发起的进程，并能随事件循环发起的子进程数量进行线性伸缩。 " +"其主要缺点在于 pidfds 是 Linux 专属的，并且仅在较近版本的核心（5.3+）上可用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:311 +msgid "Custom Policies" +msgstr "自定义策略" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:313 +msgid "" +"To implement a new event loop policy, it is recommended to subclass " +":class:`DefaultEventLoopPolicy` and override the methods for which custom " +"behavior is wanted, e.g.::" +msgstr "要实现一个新的事件循环策略，建议子类化 :class:`DefaultEventLoopPolicy` 并重写需要定制行为的方法，例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-policy.rst:317 +msgid "" +"class MyEventLoopPolicy(asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy):\n" +"\n" +" def get_event_loop(self):\n" +" \"\"\"Get the event loop.\n" +"\n" +" This may be None or an instance of EventLoop.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" loop = super().get_event_loop()\n" +" # Do something with loop ...\n" +" return loop\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(MyEventLoopPolicy())" +msgstr "" +"class MyEventLoopPolicy(asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy):\n" +"\n" +" def get_event_loop(self):\n" +" \"\"\"获取事件循环。\n" +"\n" +" 这可能为 None 或是一个 EventLoop 的实例。\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" loop = super().get_event_loop()\n" +" # 对 loop 执行一些操作 ...\n" +" return loop\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(MyEventLoopPolicy())" diff --git a/library/asyncio-protocol.po b/library/asyncio-protocol.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f9aa660f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-protocol.po @@ -0,0 +1,1746 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:9 +msgid "Transports and Protocols" +msgstr "传输和协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:12 +msgid "Preface" +msgstr "前言" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Transports and Protocols are used by the **low-level** event loop APIs such " +"as :meth:`loop.create_connection`. They use callback-based programming " +"style and enable high-performance implementations of network or IPC " +"protocols (e.g. HTTP)." +msgstr "" +"传输和协议会被像 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 这类 **底层** " +"事件循环接口使用。它们使用基于回调的编程风格支持网络或IPC协议（如HTTP）的高性能实现。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Essentially, transports and protocols should only be used in libraries and " +"frameworks and never in high-level asyncio applications." +msgstr "基本上，传输和协议应只在库和框架上使用，而不应该在高层的异步应用中使用它们。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:22 +msgid "This documentation page covers both `Transports`_ and `Protocols`_." +msgstr "本文档包含 `Transports`_ 和 `Protocols`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:25 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:26 +msgid "" +"At the highest level, the transport is concerned with *how* bytes are " +"transmitted, while the protocol determines *which* bytes to transmit (and to" +" some extent when)." +msgstr "在最顶层，传输只关心 **怎样** 传送字节内容，而协议决定传送 **哪些** 字节内容(还要在一定程度上考虑何时)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:30 +msgid "" +"A different way of saying the same thing: a transport is an abstraction for " +"a socket (or similar I/O endpoint) while a protocol is an abstraction for an" +" application, from the transport's point of view." +msgstr "也可以这样说：从传输的角度来看，传输是套接字(或类似的I/O终端)的抽象，而协议是应用程序的抽象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Yet another view is the transport and protocol interfaces together define an" +" abstract interface for using network I/O and interprocess I/O." +msgstr "换另一种说法，传输和协议一起定义网络I/0和进程间I/O的抽象接口。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:39 +msgid "" +"There is always a 1:1 relationship between transport and protocol objects: " +"the protocol calls transport methods to send data, while the transport calls" +" protocol methods to pass it data that has been received." +msgstr "传输对象和协议对象总是一对一关系：协议调用传输方法来发送数据，而传输在接收到数据时调用协议方法传递数据。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Most of connection oriented event loop methods (such as " +":meth:`loop.create_connection`) usually accept a *protocol_factory* argument" +" used to create a *Protocol* object for an accepted connection, represented " +"by a *Transport* object. Such methods usually return a tuple of " +"``(transport, protocol)``." +msgstr "" +"大部分面向连接的事件循环方法(如 :meth:`loop.create_connection` ) 通常接受 *protocol_factory* " +"参数为接收到的链接创建 *协议* 对象，并用 *传输* 对象来表示。这些方法一般会返回 ``(transport, protocol)`` 元组。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:51 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:52 +msgid "This documentation page contains the following sections:" +msgstr "本文档包含下列小节:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:54 +msgid "" +"The `Transports`_ section documents asyncio :class:`BaseTransport`, " +":class:`ReadTransport`, :class:`WriteTransport`, :class:`Transport`, " +":class:`DatagramTransport`, and :class:`SubprocessTransport` classes." +msgstr "" +"`传输`_ 部分记载异步IO :class:`BaseTransport` 、 :class:`ReadTransport` 、 " +":class:`WriteTransport` 、 :class:`Transport` 、 :class:`DatagramTransport` 和 " +":class:`SubprocessTransport` 等类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:59 +msgid "" +"The `Protocols`_ section documents asyncio :class:`BaseProtocol`, " +":class:`Protocol`, :class:`BufferedProtocol`, :class:`DatagramProtocol`, and" +" :class:`SubprocessProtocol` classes." +msgstr "" +" `协议`_ 部分记载异步IO :class:`BaseProtocol` 、 :class:`Protocol` 、 " +":class:`BufferedProtocol` 、 :class:`DatagramProtocol` 和 " +":class:`SubprocessProtocol` 等类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The `Examples`_ section showcases how to work with transports, protocols, " +"and low-level event loop APIs." +msgstr "`例子`_ 部分展示怎样使用传输、协议和底层事件循环接口。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:70 +msgid "Transports" +msgstr "传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:72 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/transports.py`" +msgstr "**源码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/transports.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Transports are classes provided by :mod:`asyncio` in order to abstract " +"various kinds of communication channels." +msgstr "传输属于 :mod:`asyncio` 模块中的类，用来抽象各种通信通道。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Transport objects are always instantiated by an :ref:`asyncio event loop " +"`." +msgstr "传输对象总是由 :ref:`异步IO事件循环 ` 实例化。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:82 +msgid "" +"asyncio implements transports for TCP, UDP, SSL, and subprocess pipes. The " +"methods available on a transport depend on the transport's kind." +msgstr "异步IO实现TCP、UDP、SSL和子进程管道的传输。传输上可用的方法由传输的类型决定。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:85 +msgid "" +"The transport classes are :ref:`not thread safe `." +msgstr "传输类属于 :ref:`线程不安全` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:89 +msgid "Transports Hierarchy" +msgstr "传输层级" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Base class for all transports. Contains methods that all asyncio transports" +" share." +msgstr "所有传输的基类。包含所有异步IO传输共用的方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:98 +msgid "A base transport for write-only connections." +msgstr "只写链接的基础传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Instances of the *WriteTransport* class are returned from the " +":meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` event loop method and are also used by " +"subprocess-related methods like :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`." +msgstr "" +"*WriteTransport* 类的实例由 :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` 事件循环方法返回，也被子进程相关的方法如 " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:107 +msgid "A base transport for read-only connections." +msgstr "只读链接的基础传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Instances of the *ReadTransport* class are returned from the " +":meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe` event loop method and are also used by " +"subprocess-related methods like :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`." +msgstr "" +"*ReadTransport* 类的实例由 :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe` 事件循环方法返回，也被子进程相关的方法如 " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Interface representing a bidirectional transport, such as a TCP connection." +msgstr "接口代表一个双向传输，如TCP链接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:119 +msgid "" +"The user does not instantiate a transport directly; they call a utility " +"function, passing it a protocol factory and other information necessary to " +"create the transport and protocol." +msgstr "用户不用直接实例化传输；调用一个功能函数，给它传递协议工厂和其它需要的信息就可以创建传输和协议。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Instances of the *Transport* class are returned from or used by event loop " +"methods like :meth:`loop.create_connection`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.create_server`, " +":meth:`loop.sendfile`, etc." +msgstr "" +"*传输* 类实例由如 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 、 " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection` 、 :meth:`loop.create_server` 、 " +":meth:`loop.sendfile` 等这类事件循环方法使用或返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:131 +msgid "A transport for datagram (UDP) connections." +msgstr "数据报(UDP)传输链接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Instances of the *DatagramTransport* class are returned from the " +":meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` event loop method." +msgstr "" +"*DatagramTransport* 类实例由事件循环方法 :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:139 +msgid "" +"An abstraction to represent a connection between a parent and its child OS " +"process." +msgstr "表示父进程和子进程之间连接的抽象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Instances of the *SubprocessTransport* class are returned from event loop " +"methods :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` and :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`." +msgstr "" +"*SubprocessTransport* 类的实例由事件循环方法 :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` 和 " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:148 +msgid "Base Transport" +msgstr "基础传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:152 +msgid "Close the transport." +msgstr "关闭传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:154 +msgid "" +"If the transport has a buffer for outgoing data, buffered data will be " +"flushed asynchronously. No more data will be received. After all buffered " +"data is flushed, the protocol's :meth:`protocol.connection_lost() " +"` method will be called with :const:`None` as " +"its argument. The transport should not be used once it is closed." +msgstr "" +"如果传输具有外发数据缓冲区，已缓存的数据将被异步地发送。 之后将不会再接收更多数据。 在所有已缓存的数据被发送之后，协议的 " +":meth:`protocol.connection_lost() ` 方法将被调用并以 " +":const:`None` 作为其参数。 在传输关闭后它就不应再被使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:164 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the transport is closing or is closed." +msgstr "返回 ``True`` ，如果传输正在关闭或已经关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Return information about the transport or underlying resources it uses." +msgstr "返回 传输或它使用的相关资源信息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:171 +msgid "" +"*name* is a string representing the piece of transport-specific information " +"to get." +msgstr "*name* 是表示要获取传输特定信息的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:174 +msgid "" +"*default* is the value to return if the information is not available, or if " +"the transport does not support querying it with the given third-party event " +"loop implementation or on the current platform." +msgstr "*default* 是在信息不可用或传输不支持第三方事件循环实现或当前平台查询时返回的值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:179 +msgid "" +"For example, the following code attempts to get the underlying socket object" +" of the transport::" +msgstr "例如下面代码尝试获取传输相关套接字对象::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:182 +msgid "" +"sock = transport.get_extra_info('socket')\n" +"if sock is not None:\n" +" print(sock.getsockopt(...))" +msgstr "" +"sock = transport.get_extra_info('socket')\n" +"if sock is not None:\n" +" print(sock.getsockopt(...))" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:186 +msgid "Categories of information that can be queried on some transports:" +msgstr "传输可查询信息类别:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:188 +msgid "socket:" +msgstr "套接字:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:190 +msgid "" +"``'peername'``: the remote address to which the socket is connected, result " +"of :meth:`socket.socket.getpeername` (``None`` on error)" +msgstr "" +"``'peername'``: 套接字链接时的远端地址，:meth:`socket.socket.getpeername` 方法的结果 (出错时为 " +"``None`` )" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:194 +msgid "``'socket'``: :class:`socket.socket` instance" +msgstr "``'socket'``: :class:`socket.socket` 实例" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:196 +msgid "" +"``'sockname'``: the socket's own address, result of " +":meth:`socket.socket.getsockname`" +msgstr "``'sockname'``: 套接字本地地址， :meth:`socket.socket.getsockname` 方法的结果" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:199 +msgid "SSL socket:" +msgstr "SSL套接字" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:201 +msgid "" +"``'compression'``: the compression algorithm being used as a string, or " +"``None`` if the connection isn't compressed; result of " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.compression`" +msgstr "" +"``'compression'``: 用字符串指定压缩算法，或者链接没有压缩时为 ``None`` " +"；:meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.compression` 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:205 +msgid "" +"``'cipher'``: a three-value tuple containing the name of the cipher being " +"used, the version of the SSL protocol that defines its use, and the number " +"of secret bits being used; result of :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.cipher`" +msgstr "" +"``'cipher'``: 一个三值的元组，包含使用密码的名称，定义使用的SSL协议的版本，使用的加密位数。 " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.cipher` 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:210 +msgid "" +"``'peercert'``: peer certificate; result of " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert`" +msgstr "``'peercert'``: 远端凭证； :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` 结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:213 +msgid "``'sslcontext'``: :class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance" +msgstr "``'sslcontext'``: :class:`ssl.SSLContext` 实例" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:215 +msgid "" +"``'ssl_object'``: :class:`ssl.SSLObject` or :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` instance" +msgstr "``'ssl_object'``: :class:`ssl.SSLObject` 或 :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` 实例" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:218 +msgid "pipe:" +msgstr "管道：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:220 +msgid "``'pipe'``: pipe object" +msgstr "``'pipe'``: 管道对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:222 +msgid "subprocess:" +msgstr "子进程：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:224 +msgid "``'subprocess'``: :class:`subprocess.Popen` instance" +msgstr "``'subprocess'``: :class:`subprocess.Popen` 实例" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:228 +msgid "Set a new protocol." +msgstr "设置一个新协议。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Switching protocol should only be done when both protocols are documented to" +" support the switch." +msgstr "只有两种协议都写明支持切换才能完成切换协议。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:235 +msgid "Return the current protocol." +msgstr "返回当前协议。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:239 +msgid "Read-only Transports" +msgstr "只读传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:243 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the transport is receiving new data." +msgstr "如果传输接收到新数据时返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Pause the receiving end of the transport. No data will be passed to the " +"protocol's :meth:`protocol.data_received() ` method " +"until :meth:`resume_reading` is called." +msgstr "" +"暂停传输的接收端。:meth:`protocol.data_received() ` " +"方法将不会收到数据，除非 :meth:`resume_reading`  被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The method is idempotent, i.e. it can be called when the transport is " +"already paused or closed." +msgstr "这个方法幂等的， 它可以在传输已经暂停或关闭时调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Resume the receiving end. The protocol's :meth:`protocol.data_received() " +"` method will be called once again if some data is " +"available for reading." +msgstr "" +"恢复接收端。如果有数据可读取时，协议方法 :meth:`protocol.data_received() " +"` 将再次被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The method is idempotent, i.e. it can be called when the transport is " +"already reading." +msgstr "这个方法幂等的， 它可以在传输已经准备好读取数据时调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:269 +msgid "Write-only Transports" +msgstr "只写传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Close the transport immediately, without waiting for pending operations to " +"complete. Buffered data will be lost. No more data will be received. The " +"protocol's :meth:`protocol.connection_lost() `" +" method will eventually be called with :const:`None` as its argument." +msgstr "" +"立即关闭传输，不会等待已提交的操作处理完毕。已缓存的数据将会丢失。不会接收更多数据。 最终 :const:`None` 将作为协议的 " +":meth:`protocol.connection_lost() ` 方法的参数被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the transport supports " +":meth:`~WriteTransport.write_eof`, :const:`False` if not." +msgstr "" +"如果传输支持 :meth:`~WriteTransport.write_eof` 返回 :const:`True` 否则返回 " +":const:`False` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:286 +msgid "Return the current size of the output buffer used by the transport." +msgstr "返回传输使用输出缓冲区的当前大小。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Get the *high* and *low* watermarks for write flow control. Return a tuple " +"``(low, high)`` where *low* and *high* are positive number of bytes." +msgstr "" +"获取写入流控制 *high* 和 *low* 高低标记位。返回元组 ``(low, high)`` ， *low* 和 *high* 为正字节数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:294 +msgid "Use :meth:`set_write_buffer_limits` to set the limits." +msgstr "使用 :meth:`set_write_buffer_limits` 设置限制。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:300 +msgid "Set the *high* and *low* watermarks for write flow control." +msgstr "设置写入流控制 *high* 和 *low* 高低标记位。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:302 +msgid "" +"These two values (measured in number of bytes) control when the protocol's " +":meth:`protocol.pause_writing() ` and " +":meth:`protocol.resume_writing() ` methods are " +"called. If specified, the low watermark must be less than or equal to the " +"high watermark. Neither *high* nor *low* can be negative." +msgstr "" +"这两个值（以字节数表示）控制何时调用协议的 :meth:`protocol.pause_writing() " +"` 和 :meth:`protocol.resume_writing() " +"` 方法。 如果指明，则低水位必须小于或等于高水位。 *high* 和 *low* " +"都不能为负值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:310 +msgid "" +":meth:`~BaseProtocol.pause_writing` is called when the buffer size becomes " +"greater than or equal to the *high* value. If writing has been paused, " +":meth:`~BaseProtocol.resume_writing` is called when the buffer size becomes " +"less than or equal to the *low* value." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~BaseProtocol.pause_writing` 会在缓冲区尺寸大于或等于 *high* 值时被调用。 " +"如果写入已经被暂停，:meth:`~BaseProtocol.resume_writing` 会在缓冲区尺寸小于或等于 *low* 值时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:315 +msgid "" +"The defaults are implementation-specific. If only the high watermark is " +"given, the low watermark defaults to an implementation-specific value less " +"than or equal to the high watermark. Setting *high* to zero forces *low* to" +" zero as well, and causes :meth:`~BaseProtocol.pause_writing` to be called " +"whenever the buffer becomes non-empty. Setting *low* to zero causes " +":meth:`~BaseProtocol.resume_writing` to be called only once the buffer is " +"empty. Use of zero for either limit is generally sub-optimal as it reduces " +"opportunities for doing I/O and computation concurrently." +msgstr "" +"默认值是实现专属的。 如果只给出了高水位值，则低水位值默认为一个小于或等于高水位值的实现传属值。 将 *high* 设为零会强制将 *low* " +"也设为零，并使得 :meth:`~BaseProtocol.pause_writing` 在缓冲区变为非空的任何时刻被调用。 将 *low* " +"设为零会使得 :meth:`~BaseProtocol.resume_writing` 在缓冲区为空时只被调用一次。 " +"对于上下限都使用零值通常是不够优化的，因为它减少了并发执行 I/O 和计算的机会。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:326 +msgid "Use :meth:`~WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_limits` to get the limits." +msgstr "可使用 :meth:`~WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_limits` 来获取上下限值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:331 +msgid "Write some *data* bytes to the transport." +msgstr "将一些 *data* 字节串写入传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:333 +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:362 +msgid "" +"This method does not block; it buffers the data and arranges for it to be " +"sent out asynchronously." +msgstr "此方法不会阻塞；它会缓冲数据并安排其被异步地发出。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Write a list (or any iterable) of data bytes to the transport. This is " +"functionally equivalent to calling :meth:`write` on each element yielded by " +"the iterable, but may be implemented more efficiently." +msgstr "" +"将数据字节串的列表（或任意可迭代对象）写入传输。 这在功能上等价于在可迭代对象产生的每个元素上调用 :meth:`write`，但其实现可能更为高效。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:345 +msgid "" +"Close the write end of the transport after flushing all buffered data. Data " +"may still be received." +msgstr "在刷新所有已缓冲数据之后关闭传输的写入端。 数据仍可以被接收。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:348 +msgid "" +"This method can raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if the transport (e.g. SSL)" +" doesn't support half-closed connections." +msgstr "如果传输（例如 SSL）不支持半关闭的连接，此方法会引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:353 +msgid "Datagram Transports" +msgstr "数据报传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Send the *data* bytes to the remote peer given by *addr* (a transport-" +"dependent target address). If *addr* is :const:`None`, the data is sent to " +"the target address given on transport creation." +msgstr "" +"将 *data* 字节串发送到 *addr* (基于传输的目标地址) 所给定的远端对等方。 如果 *addr* 为 " +":const:`None`，则将数据发送到传输创建时给定的目标地址。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:365 +msgid "" +"This method can be called with an empty bytes object to send a zero-length " +"datagram. The buffer size calculation used for flow control is also updated " +"to account for the datagram header." +msgstr "调用此方法时可以传入一个空字节串对象来发送零长度的数据报。 用于流量控制的缓冲区大小计算也会被更新以计入数据报的标头。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:372 +msgid "" +"Close the transport immediately, without waiting for pending operations to " +"complete. Buffered data will be lost. No more data will be received. The " +"protocol's :meth:`protocol.connection_lost() `" +" method will eventually be called with :const:`None` as its argument." +msgstr "" +"立即关闭传输，不会等待已提交的操作执行完毕。 已缓存的数据将会丢失。 不会接收更多的数据。 协议的 " +":meth:`protocol.connection_lost() ` 方法最终将附带 " +":const:`None` 作为参数被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:382 +msgid "Subprocess Transports" +msgstr "子进程传输" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:386 +msgid "Return the subprocess process id as an integer." +msgstr "将子进程的进程 ID 以整数形式返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Return the transport for the communication pipe corresponding to the integer" +" file descriptor *fd*:" +msgstr "返回对应于整数文件描述符 *fd* 的通信管道的传输:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:393 +msgid "" +"``0``: readable streaming transport of the standard input (*stdin*), or " +":const:`None` if the subprocess was not created with ``stdin=PIPE``" +msgstr "" +"``0``: 标准输入 (*stdin*) 的可读流式传输，如果子进程创建时未设置 ``stdin=PIPE`` 则为 :const:`None`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:395 +msgid "" +"``1``: writable streaming transport of the standard output (*stdout*), or " +":const:`None` if the subprocess was not created with ``stdout=PIPE``" +msgstr "" +"``1``: 标准输出 (*stdout*) 的可写流式传输，如果子进程创建时未设置 ``stdout=PIPE`` 则为 :const:`None`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:397 +msgid "" +"``2``: writable streaming transport of the standard error (*stderr*), or " +":const:`None` if the subprocess was not created with ``stderr=PIPE``" +msgstr "" +"``2``: 标准错误 (*stderr*) 的可写流式传输，如果子进程创建时未设置 ``stderr=PIPE`` 则为 :const:`None`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:399 +msgid "other *fd*: :const:`None`" +msgstr "其他 *fd*: :const:`None`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:403 +msgid "" +"Return the subprocess return code as an integer or :const:`None` if it " +"hasn't returned, which is similar to the :attr:`subprocess.Popen.returncode`" +" attribute." +msgstr "" +"返回整数形式的进程返回码，或者如果还未返回则为 :const:`None`，这类似于 " +":attr:`subprocess.Popen.returncode` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:409 +msgid "Kill the subprocess." +msgstr "杀死子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:411 +msgid "" +"On POSIX systems, the function sends SIGKILL to the subprocess. On Windows, " +"this method is an alias for :meth:`terminate`." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 系统中，函数会发送 SIGKILL 到子进程。 在 Windows 中，此方法是 :meth:`terminate` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:414 +msgid "See also :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`." +msgstr "另请参见 :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:418 +msgid "" +"Send the *signal* number to the subprocess, as in " +":meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal`." +msgstr "发送 *signal* 编号到子进程，与 :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal` 一样。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:423 +msgid "Stop the subprocess." +msgstr "停止子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:425 +msgid "" +"On POSIX systems, this method sends :py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` to the " +"subprocess. On Windows, the Windows API function :c:func:`!TerminateProcess`" +" is called to stop the subprocess." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 系统中，此方法会发送 :py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` 到子进程。 在 Windows 中，则会调用 " +"Windows API 函数 :c:func:`!TerminateProcess` 来停止子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:429 +msgid "See also :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`." +msgstr "另请参见 :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:433 +msgid "Kill the subprocess by calling the :meth:`kill` method." +msgstr "通过调用 :meth:`kill` 方法来杀死子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:435 +msgid "" +"If the subprocess hasn't returned yet, and close transports of *stdin*, " +"*stdout*, and *stderr* pipes." +msgstr "如果子进程尚未返回，并关闭 *stdin*, *stdout* 和 *stderr* 管道的传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:442 +msgid "Protocols" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:444 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/protocols.py`" +msgstr "**源码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/protocols.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:448 +msgid "" +"asyncio provides a set of abstract base classes that should be used to " +"implement network protocols. Those classes are meant to be used together " +"with :ref:`transports `." +msgstr "" +"asyncio 提供了一组抽象基类，它们应当被用于实现网络协议。 这些类被设计为与 :ref:`传输 ` " +"配合使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:452 +msgid "" +"Subclasses of abstract base protocol classes may implement some or all " +"methods. All these methods are callbacks: they are called by transports on " +"certain events, for example when some data is received. A base protocol " +"method should be called by the corresponding transport." +msgstr "" +"抽象基础协议类的子类可以实现其中的部分或全部方法。 所有这些方法都是回调：它们由传输或特定事件调用，例如当数据被接收的时候。 " +"基础协议方法应当由相应的传输来调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:459 +msgid "Base Protocols" +msgstr "基础协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:463 +msgid "Base protocol with methods that all protocols share." +msgstr "带有所有协议的共享方法的基础协议。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:467 +msgid "" +"The base class for implementing streaming protocols (TCP, Unix sockets, " +"etc)." +msgstr "用于实现流式协议（TCP, Unix 套接字等等）的基类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:472 +msgid "" +"A base class for implementing streaming protocols with manual control of the" +" receive buffer." +msgstr "用于实现可对接收缓冲区进行手动控制的流式协议的基类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:477 +msgid "The base class for implementing datagram (UDP) protocols." +msgstr "用于实现数据报（UDP）协议的基类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:481 +msgid "" +"The base class for implementing protocols communicating with child processes" +" (unidirectional pipes)." +msgstr "用于实现与子进程通信（单向管道）的协议的基类。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:486 +msgid "Base Protocol" +msgstr "基础协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:488 +msgid "All asyncio protocols can implement Base Protocol callbacks." +msgstr "所有 asyncio 协议均可实现基础协议回调。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:491 +msgid "Connection Callbacks" +msgstr "连接回调" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Connection callbacks are called on all protocols, exactly once per a " +"successful connection. All other protocol callbacks can only be called " +"between those two methods." +msgstr "连接回调会在所有协议上被调用，每个成功的连接将恰好调用一次。 所有其他协议回调只能在以下两个方法之间被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:498 +msgid "Called when a connection is made." +msgstr "连接建立时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:500 +msgid "" +"The *transport* argument is the transport representing the connection. The " +"protocol is responsible for storing the reference to its transport." +msgstr "*transport* 参数是代表连接的传输。 此协议负责将引用保存至对应的传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:506 +msgid "Called when the connection is lost or closed." +msgstr "连接丢失或关闭时将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:508 +msgid "" +"The argument is either an exception object or :const:`None`. The latter " +"means a regular EOF is received, or the connection was aborted or closed by " +"this side of the connection." +msgstr "方法的参数是一个异常对象或为 :const:`None`。 后者意味着收到了常规的 EOF，或者连接被连接的一端取消或关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:514 +msgid "Flow Control Callbacks" +msgstr "流程控制回调" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:515 +msgid "" +"Flow control callbacks can be called by transports to pause or resume " +"writing performed by the protocol." +msgstr "流程控制回调可由传输来调用以暂停或恢复协议所执行的写入操作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:518 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of the :meth:`~WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits`" +" method for more details." +msgstr "请查看 :meth:`~WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits` 方法的文档了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:523 +msgid "Called when the transport's buffer goes over the high watermark." +msgstr "当传输的缓冲区升至高水位以上时将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:527 +msgid "Called when the transport's buffer drains below the low watermark." +msgstr "当传输的缓冲区降到低水位以下时将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:529 +msgid "" +"If the buffer size equals the high watermark, " +":meth:`~BaseProtocol.pause_writing` is not called: the buffer size must go " +"strictly over." +msgstr "" +"如果缓冲区大小等于高水位值，则 :meth:`~BaseProtocol.pause_writing` 不会被调用：缓冲区大小必须要高于该值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:533 +msgid "" +"Conversely, :meth:`~BaseProtocol.resume_writing` is called when the buffer " +"size is equal or lower than the low watermark. These end conditions are " +"important to ensure that things go as expected when either mark is zero." +msgstr "" +"相反地，:meth:`~BaseProtocol.resume_writing` 会在缓冲区大小等于或小于低水位值时被调用。 " +"这些结束条件对于当两个水位取零值时也能确保符合预期的行为是很重要的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:540 +msgid "Streaming Protocols" +msgstr "流式协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:542 +msgid "" +"Event methods, such as :meth:`loop.create_server`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_server`, :meth:`loop.create_connection`, " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, :meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket`, " +":meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`, and :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` accept " +"factories that return streaming protocols." +msgstr "" +"事件方法，例如 :meth:`loop.create_server`, :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`, " +":meth:`loop.create_connection`, :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`, " +":meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket`, :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe` 和 " +":meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` 都接受返回流式协议的工厂。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Called when some data is received. *data* is a non-empty bytes object " +"containing the incoming data." +msgstr "当收到数据时被调用。 *data* 为包含入站数据的非空字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:553 +msgid "" +"Whether the data is buffered, chunked or reassembled depends on the " +"transport. In general, you shouldn't rely on specific semantics and instead" +" make your parsing generic and flexible. However, data is always received in" +" the correct order." +msgstr "" +"数据是否会被缓冲、分块或重组取决于具体传输。 通常，你不应依赖于特定的语义而应使你的解析具有通用性和灵活性。 但是，数据总是要以正确的顺序被接收。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:558 +msgid "" +"The method can be called an arbitrary number of times while a connection is " +"open." +msgstr "此方法在连接打开期间可以被调用任意次数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:561 +msgid "" +"However, :meth:`protocol.eof_received() ` is called " +"at most once. Once ``eof_received()`` is called, ``data_received()`` is not" +" called anymore." +msgstr "" +"但是，:meth:`protocol.eof_received() ` 最多只会被调用一次。 一旦 " +"``eof_received()`` 被调用，``data_received()`` 就不会再被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:567 +msgid "" +"Called when the other end signals it won't send any more data (for example " +"by calling :meth:`transport.write_eof() `, if the " +"other end also uses asyncio)." +msgstr "" +"当发出信号的另一端不再继续发送数据时（例如通过调用 :meth:`transport.write_eof() " +"`，如果另一端也使用 asyncio 的话）被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:572 +msgid "" +"This method may return a false value (including ``None``), in which case the" +" transport will close itself. Conversely, if this method returns a true " +"value, the protocol used determines whether to close the transport. Since " +"the default implementation returns ``None``, it implicitly closes the " +"connection." +msgstr "" +"此方法可能返回假值 (包括 ``None``)，在此情况下传输将会自行关闭。 相反地，如果此方法返回真值，将以所用的协议来确定是否要关闭传输。 " +"由于默认实现是返回 ``None``，因此它会隐式地关闭连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:578 +msgid "" +"Some transports, including SSL, don't support half-closed connections, in " +"which case returning true from this method will result in the connection " +"being closed." +msgstr "某些传输，包括 SSL 在内，并不支持半关闭的连接，在此情况下从该方法返回真值将导致连接被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:583 +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:641 +msgid "State machine:" +msgstr "状态机：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:585 +msgid "" +"start -> connection_made\n" +" [-> data_received]*\n" +" [-> eof_received]?\n" +"-> connection_lost -> end" +msgstr "" +"start -> connection_made\n" +" [-> data_received]*\n" +" [-> eof_received]?\n" +"-> connection_lost -> end" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:594 +msgid "Buffered Streaming Protocols" +msgstr "缓冲流协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:598 +msgid "" +"Buffered Protocols can be used with any event loop method that supports " +"`Streaming Protocols`_." +msgstr "带缓冲的协议可与任何支持 `流式协议`_ 的事件循环方法配合使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:601 +msgid "" +"``BufferedProtocol`` implementations allow explicit manual allocation and " +"control of the receive buffer. Event loops can then use the buffer provided" +" by the protocol to avoid unnecessary data copies. This can result in " +"noticeable performance improvement for protocols that receive big amounts of" +" data. Sophisticated protocol implementations can significantly reduce the " +"number of buffer allocations." +msgstr "" +"``BufferedProtocol`` 实现允许显式手动分配和控制接收缓冲区。 随后事件循环可以使用协议提供的缓冲区来避免不必要的数据复制。 " +"这对于接收大量数据的协议来说会有明显的性能提升。 复杂的协议实现能显著地减少缓冲区分配的数量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:608 +msgid "" +"The following callbacks are called on :class:`BufferedProtocol` instances:" +msgstr "以下回调是在 :class:`BufferedProtocol` 实例上被调用的:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:613 +msgid "Called to allocate a new receive buffer." +msgstr "调用后会分配新的接收缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:615 +msgid "" +"*sizehint* is the recommended minimum size for the returned buffer. It is " +"acceptable to return smaller or larger buffers than what *sizehint* " +"suggests. When set to -1, the buffer size can be arbitrary. It is an error " +"to return a buffer with a zero size." +msgstr "" +"*sizehint* 是推荐的返回缓冲区最小尺寸。 返回小于或大于 *sizehint* 推荐尺寸的缓冲区也是可接受的。 当设为 -1 " +"时，缓冲区尺寸可以是任意的。 返回尺寸为零的缓冲区则是错误的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:620 +msgid "" +"``get_buffer()`` must return an object implementing the :ref:`buffer " +"protocol `." +msgstr "``get_buffer()`` 必须返回一个实现了 :ref:`缓冲区协议 ` 的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:625 +msgid "Called when the buffer was updated with the received data." +msgstr "用接收的数据更新缓冲区时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:627 +msgid "*nbytes* is the total number of bytes that were written to the buffer." +msgstr "*nbytes* 是被写入到缓冲区的字节总数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:631 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of the :meth:`protocol.eof_received() " +"` method." +msgstr "请查看 :meth:`protocol.eof_received() ` 方法的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:635 +msgid "" +":meth:`~BufferedProtocol.get_buffer` can be called an arbitrary number of " +"times during a connection. However, :meth:`protocol.eof_received() " +"` is called at most once and, if called, " +":meth:`~BufferedProtocol.get_buffer` and " +":meth:`~BufferedProtocol.buffer_updated` won't be called after it." +msgstr "" +"在连接期间 :meth:`~BufferedProtocol.get_buffer` 可以被调用任意次数。 " +"但是，:meth:`protocol.eof_received() ` " +"最多只能被调用一次，如果被调用，则在此之后 :meth:`~BufferedProtocol.get_buffer` 和 " +":meth:`~BufferedProtocol.buffer_updated` 不能再被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:643 +msgid "" +"start -> connection_made\n" +" [-> get_buffer\n" +" [-> buffer_updated]?\n" +" ]*\n" +" [-> eof_received]?\n" +"-> connection_lost -> end" +msgstr "" +"start -> connection_made\n" +" [-> get_buffer\n" +" [-> buffer_updated]?\n" +" ]*\n" +" [-> eof_received]?\n" +"-> connection_lost -> end" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:654 +msgid "Datagram Protocols" +msgstr "数据报协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:656 +msgid "" +"Datagram Protocol instances should be constructed by protocol factories " +"passed to the :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` method." +msgstr "数据报协议实例应当由传递给 :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 方法的协议工厂来构造。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:661 +msgid "" +"Called when a datagram is received. *data* is a bytes object containing the" +" incoming data. *addr* is the address of the peer sending the data; the " +"exact format depends on the transport." +msgstr "当接收到数据报时被调用。 *data* 是包含传入数据的字节串对象。 *addr* 是发送数据的对等端地址；实际的格式取决于具体传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:667 +msgid "" +"Called when a previous send or receive operation raises an :class:`OSError`." +" *exc* is the :class:`OSError` instance." +msgstr "当前一个发送或接收操作引发 :class:`OSError` 时被调用。 *exc* 是 :class:`OSError` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:670 +msgid "" +"This method is called in rare conditions, when the transport (e.g. UDP) " +"detects that a datagram could not be delivered to its recipient. In many " +"conditions though, undeliverable datagrams will be silently dropped." +msgstr "此方法会在当传输（例如UDP）检测到无法将数据报传给接收方等极少数情况下被调用。 而在大多数情况下，无法送达的数据报将被静默地丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:677 +msgid "" +"On BSD systems (macOS, FreeBSD, etc.) flow control is not supported for " +"datagram protocols, because there is no reliable way to detect send failures" +" caused by writing too many packets." +msgstr "在 BSD 系统（macOS, FreeBSD 等等）上，数据报协议不支持流控制，因为没有可靠的方式来检测因写入多过包所导致的发送失败。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:681 +msgid "" +"The socket always appears 'ready' and excess packets are dropped. An " +":class:`OSError` with ``errno`` set to :const:`errno.ENOBUFS` may or may not" +" be raised; if it is raised, it will be reported to " +":meth:`DatagramProtocol.error_received` but otherwise ignored." +msgstr "" +"套接字总是显示为 'ready' 且多余的包会被丢弃。 有一定的可能性会引发 :class:`OSError` 并设置 ``errno`` 为 " +":const:`errno.ENOBUFS`；如果此异常被引发，它将被报告给 " +":meth:`DatagramProtocol.error_received`，在其他情况下则会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:690 +msgid "Subprocess Protocols" +msgstr "子进程协议" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:692 +msgid "" +"Subprocess Protocol instances should be constructed by protocol factories " +"passed to the :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` and :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`" +" methods." +msgstr "" +"子进程协议实例应当由传递给 :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 和 :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` " +"方法的协议工厂函数来构造。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:698 +msgid "" +"Called when the child process writes data into its stdout or stderr pipe." +msgstr "当子进程向其 stdout 或 stderr 管道写入数据时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:701 +msgid "*fd* is the integer file descriptor of the pipe." +msgstr "*fd* 是以整数表示的管道文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:703 +msgid "*data* is a non-empty bytes object containing the received data." +msgstr "*data* 是包含已接收数据的非空字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:707 +msgid "" +"Called when one of the pipes communicating with the child process is closed." +msgstr "与子进程通信的其中一个管道关闭时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:710 +msgid "*fd* is the integer file descriptor that was closed." +msgstr "*fd* 以整数表示的已关闭文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:714 +msgid "Called when the child process has exited." +msgstr "子进程退出时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:716 +msgid "" +"It can be called before :meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received` and " +":meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost` methods." +msgstr "" +"它可以在 :meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received` 和 " +":meth:`~SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost` 方法之前被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:721 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:726 +msgid "TCP Echo Server" +msgstr "TCP 回显服务器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:728 +msgid "" +"Create a TCP echo server using the :meth:`loop.create_server` method, send " +"back received data, and close the connection::" +msgstr "使用 :meth:`loop.create_server` 方法创建 TCP 回显服务器，发回已接收的数据，并关闭连接::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:731 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoServerProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" peername = transport.get_extra_info('peername')\n" +" print('Connection from {}'.format(peername))\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +"\n" +" def data_received(self, data):\n" +" message = data.decode()\n" +" print('Data received: {!r}'.format(message))\n" +"\n" +" print('Send: {!r}'.format(message))\n" +" self.transport.write(data)\n" +"\n" +" print('Close the client socket')\n" +" self.transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Get a reference to the event loop as we plan to use\n" +" # low-level APIs.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" server = await loop.create_server(\n" +" EchoServerProtocol,\n" +" '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" async with server:\n" +" await server.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoServerProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" peername = transport.get_extra_info('peername')\n" +" print('Connection from {}'.format(peername))\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +"\n" +" def data_received(self, data):\n" +" message = data.decode()\n" +" print('Data received: {!r}'.format(message))\n" +"\n" +" print('Send: {!r}'.format(message))\n" +" self.transport.write(data)\n" +"\n" +" print('Close the client socket')\n" +" self.transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 获取指向事件循环的引用\n" +" # 因为我们准备使用低层级 API。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" server = await loop.create_server(\n" +" EchoServerProtocol,\n" +" '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" async with server:\n" +" await server.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:769 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`TCP echo server using streams ` " +"example uses the high-level :func:`asyncio.start_server` function." +msgstr "" +":ref:`使用流的 TCP 回显服务器 ` 示例，使用了高层级的 " +":func:`asyncio.start_server` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:775 +msgid "TCP Echo Client" +msgstr "TCP 回显客户端" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:777 +msgid "" +"A TCP echo client using the :meth:`loop.create_connection` method, sends " +"data, and waits until the connection is closed::" +msgstr "使用 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 方法的 TCP 回显客户端，发送数据并等待，直到连接被关闭::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:780 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoClientProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):\n" +" def __init__(self, message, on_con_lost):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.on_con_lost = on_con_lost\n" +"\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" transport.write(self.message.encode())\n" +" print('Data sent: {!r}'.format(self.message))\n" +"\n" +" def data_received(self, data):\n" +" print('Data received: {!r}'.format(data.decode()))\n" +"\n" +" def connection_lost(self, exc):\n" +" print('The server closed the connection')\n" +" self.on_con_lost.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Get a reference to the event loop as we plan to use\n" +" # low-level APIs.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" on_con_lost = loop.create_future()\n" +" message = 'Hello World!'\n" +"\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_connection(\n" +" lambda: EchoClientProtocol(message, on_con_lost),\n" +" '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" # Wait until the protocol signals that the connection\n" +" # is lost and close the transport.\n" +" try:\n" +" await on_con_lost\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoClientProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):\n" +" def __init__(self, message, on_con_lost):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.on_con_lost = on_con_lost\n" +"\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" transport.write(self.message.encode())\n" +" print('Data sent: {!r}'.format(self.message))\n" +"\n" +" def data_received(self, data):\n" +" print('Data received: {!r}'.format(data.decode()))\n" +"\n" +" def connection_lost(self, exc):\n" +" print('The server closed the connection')\n" +" self.on_con_lost.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 获取指向事件循环的引用\n" +" # 因为我们准备使用低层级 API。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" on_con_lost = loop.create_future()\n" +" message = 'Hello World!'\n" +"\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_connection(\n" +" lambda: EchoClientProtocol(message, on_con_lost),\n" +" '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" # 等待发出连接丢失的协议信号\n" +" # 并关闭传输。\n" +" try:\n" +" await on_con_lost\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:825 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`TCP echo client using streams ` " +"example uses the high-level :func:`asyncio.open_connection` function." +msgstr "" +":ref:`使用流的 TCP 回显客户端 ` 示例，使用了高层级的 " +":func:`asyncio.open_connection` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:832 +msgid "UDP Echo Server" +msgstr "UDP 回显服务器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:834 +msgid "" +"A UDP echo server, using the :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` method, " +"sends back received data::" +msgstr "使用 :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 方法的 UDP 回显服务器，发回已接收的数据::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:837 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoServerProtocol:\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +"\n" +" def datagram_received(self, data, addr):\n" +" message = data.decode()\n" +" print('Received %r from %s' % (message, addr))\n" +" print('Send %r to %s' % (message, addr))\n" +" self.transport.sendto(data, addr)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print(\"Starting UDP server\")\n" +"\n" +" # Get a reference to the event loop as we plan to use\n" +" # low-level APIs.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" # One protocol instance will be created to serve all\n" +" # client requests.\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(\n" +" EchoServerProtocol,\n" +" local_addr=('127.0.0.1', 9999))\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600) # Serve for 1 hour.\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoServerProtocol:\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +"\n" +" def datagram_received(self, data, addr):\n" +" message = data.decode()\n" +" print('Received %r from %s' % (message, addr))\n" +" print('Send %r to %s' % (message, addr))\n" +" self.transport.sendto(data, addr)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print(\"Starting UDP server\")\n" +"\n" +" # 获取对事件循环的引用\n" +" # 因为我们打算使用低层级的 APIs。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" # 将创建一个协议实例来为所有客户端请求提供服务。\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(\n" +" EchoServerProtocol,\n" +" local_addr=('127.0.0.1', 9999))\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600) # 服务持续 1 小时。\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:876 +msgid "UDP Echo Client" +msgstr "UDP 回显客户端" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:878 +msgid "" +"A UDP echo client, using the :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` method, " +"sends data and closes the transport when it receives the answer::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 方法的 UDP 回显客户端，发送数据并在收到回应时关闭传输::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:881 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoClientProtocol:\n" +" def __init__(self, message, on_con_lost):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.on_con_lost = on_con_lost\n" +" self.transport = None\n" +"\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +" print('Send:', self.message)\n" +" self.transport.sendto(self.message.encode())\n" +"\n" +" def datagram_received(self, data, addr):\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +"\n" +" print(\"Close the socket\")\n" +" self.transport.close()\n" +"\n" +" def error_received(self, exc):\n" +" print('Error received:', exc)\n" +"\n" +" def connection_lost(self, exc):\n" +" print(\"Connection closed\")\n" +" self.on_con_lost.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Get a reference to the event loop as we plan to use\n" +" # low-level APIs.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" on_con_lost = loop.create_future()\n" +" message = \"Hello World!\"\n" +"\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(\n" +" lambda: EchoClientProtocol(message, on_con_lost),\n" +" remote_addr=('127.0.0.1', 9999))\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" await on_con_lost\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class EchoClientProtocol:\n" +" def __init__(self, message, on_con_lost):\n" +" self.message = message\n" +" self.on_con_lost = on_con_lost\n" +" self.transport = None\n" +"\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +" print('Send:', self.message)\n" +" self.transport.sendto(self.message.encode())\n" +"\n" +" def datagram_received(self, data, addr):\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +"\n" +" print(\"Close the socket\")\n" +" self.transport.close()\n" +"\n" +" def error_received(self, exc):\n" +" print('Error received:', exc)\n" +"\n" +" def connection_lost(self, exc):\n" +" print(\"Connection closed\")\n" +" self.on_con_lost.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 获取一个对事件循环的引用\n" +" # 因为我们计划使用低层级的 API。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" on_con_lost = loop.create_future()\n" +" message = \"Hello World!\"\n" +"\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint(\n" +" lambda: EchoClientProtocol(message, on_con_lost),\n" +" remote_addr=('127.0.0.1', 9999))\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" await on_con_lost\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:933 +msgid "Connecting Existing Sockets" +msgstr "链接已存在的套接字" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Wait until a socket receives data using the :meth:`loop.create_connection` " +"method with a protocol::" +msgstr "附带一个协议使用 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 方法，等待直到套接字接收数据::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:938 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class MyProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, on_con_lost):\n" +" self.transport = None\n" +" self.on_con_lost = on_con_lost\n" +"\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +"\n" +" def data_received(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +"\n" +" # We are done: close the transport;\n" +" # connection_lost() will be called automatically.\n" +" self.transport.close()\n" +"\n" +" def connection_lost(self, exc):\n" +" # The socket has been closed\n" +" self.on_con_lost.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Get a reference to the event loop as we plan to use\n" +" # low-level APIs.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +" on_con_lost = loop.create_future()\n" +"\n" +" # Create a pair of connected sockets\n" +" rsock, wsock = socket.socketpair()\n" +"\n" +" # Register the socket to wait for data.\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_connection(\n" +" lambda: MyProtocol(on_con_lost), sock=rsock)\n" +"\n" +" # Simulate the reception of data from the network.\n" +" loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" await protocol.on_con_lost\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +" wsock.close()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class MyProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, on_con_lost):\n" +" self.transport = None\n" +" self.on_con_lost = on_con_lost\n" +"\n" +" def connection_made(self, transport):\n" +" self.transport = transport\n" +"\n" +" def data_received(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +"\n" +" # 已完成：关闭传输；\n" +" # connection_lost() 将自动被调用。\n" +" self.transport.close()\n" +"\n" +" def connection_lost(self, exc):\n" +" # 套接字已被关闭\n" +" self.on_con_lost.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 获取指向事件循环的引用\n" +" # 因为我们准备使用低层级 API。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +" on_con_lost = loop.create_future()\n" +"\n" +" # 创建一对已连接的套接字\n" +" rsock, wsock = socket.socketpair()\n" +"\n" +" # 注册套接字以等待数据。\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.create_connection(\n" +" lambda: MyProtocol(on_con_lost), sock=rsock)\n" +"\n" +" # 模拟从网络接收数据。\n" +" loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" await protocol.on_con_lost\n" +" finally:\n" +" transport.close()\n" +" wsock.close()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:989 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`watch a file descriptor for read events " +"` example uses the low-level " +":meth:`loop.add_reader` method to register an FD." +msgstr "" +"使用低层级的 :meth:`loop.add_reader` 方法来注册一个 FD 的 :ref:`监视文件描述符以读取事件 " +"` 示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:993 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`register an open socket to wait for data using streams " +"` example uses high-level streams" +" created by the :func:`open_connection` function in a coroutine." +msgstr "" +"使用在协程中通过 :func:`open_connection` 函数创建的高层级流的 :ref:`注册一个打开的套接字以等待使用流的数据 " +"` 示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:1000 +msgid "loop.subprocess_exec() and SubprocessProtocol" +msgstr "loop.subprocess_exec() 与 SubprocessProtocol" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"An example of a subprocess protocol used to get the output of a subprocess " +"and to wait for the subprocess exit." +msgstr "一个使用子进程协议来获取子进程的输出并等待子进程退出的示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:1005 +msgid "The subprocess is created by the :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` method::" +msgstr "这个子进程是由 :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 方法创建的::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class DateProtocol(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol):\n" +" def __init__(self, exit_future):\n" +" self.exit_future = exit_future\n" +" self.output = bytearray()\n" +" self.pipe_closed = False\n" +" self.exited = False\n" +"\n" +" def pipe_connection_lost(self, fd, exc):\n" +" self.pipe_closed = True\n" +" self.check_for_exit()\n" +"\n" +" def pipe_data_received(self, fd, data):\n" +" self.output.extend(data)\n" +"\n" +" def process_exited(self):\n" +" self.exited = True\n" +" # process_exited() method can be called before\n" +" # pipe_connection_lost() method: wait until both methods are\n" +" # called.\n" +" self.check_for_exit()\n" +"\n" +" def check_for_exit(self):\n" +" if self.pipe_closed and self.exited:\n" +" self.exit_future.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"async def get_date():\n" +" # Get a reference to the event loop as we plan to use\n" +" # low-level APIs.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" code = 'import datetime; print(datetime.datetime.now())'\n" +" exit_future = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)\n" +"\n" +" # Create the subprocess controlled by DateProtocol;\n" +" # redirect the standard output into a pipe.\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.subprocess_exec(\n" +" lambda: DateProtocol(exit_future),\n" +" sys.executable, '-c', code,\n" +" stdin=None, stderr=None)\n" +"\n" +" # Wait for the subprocess exit using the process_exited()\n" +" # method of the protocol.\n" +" await exit_future\n" +"\n" +" # Close the stdout pipe.\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +" # Read the output which was collected by the\n" +" # pipe_data_received() method of the protocol.\n" +" data = bytes(protocol.output)\n" +" return data.decode('ascii').rstrip()\n" +"\n" +"date = asyncio.run(get_date())\n" +"print(f\"Current date: {date}\")" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class DateProtocol(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol):\n" +" def __init__(self, exit_future):\n" +" self.exit_future = exit_future\n" +" self.output = bytearray()\n" +" self.pipe_closed = False\n" +" self.exited = False\n" +"\n" +" def pipe_connection_lost(self, fd, exc):\n" +" self.pipe_closed = True\n" +" self.check_for_exit()\n" +"\n" +" def pipe_data_received(self, fd, data):\n" +" self.output.extend(data)\n" +"\n" +" def process_exited(self):\n" +" self.exited = True\n" +" # process_exited() 方法可以在\n" +" # pipe_connection_lost() 方法之前被调用：\n" +" # 等待直到两个方法都已被调用。\n" +" self.check_for_exit()\n" +"\n" +" def check_for_exit(self):\n" +" if self.pipe_closed and self.exited:\n" +" self.exit_future.set_result(True)\n" +"\n" +"async def get_date():\n" +" # 获取对事件循环的引用因为我们打算使用\n" +" # 低层级 API。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" code = 'import datetime; print(datetime.datetime.now())'\n" +" exit_future = asyncio.Future(loop=loop)\n" +"\n" +" # 创建由 DateProtocol 控制的子进程；\n" +" # 重定向标准输出到一个管道。\n" +" transport, protocol = await loop.subprocess_exec(\n" +" lambda: DateProtocol(exit_future),\n" +" sys.executable, '-c', code,\n" +" stdin=None, stderr=None)\n" +"\n" +" # 使用协议的 process_exited() 方法\n" +" # 等待子进程退出。\n" +" await exit_future\n" +"\n" +" # 关闭 stdout 管道。\n" +" transport.close()\n" +"\n" +" # 读取由协议的 pipe_data_received() 方法所收集的\n" +" # 输出。\n" +" data = bytes(protocol.output)\n" +" return data.decode('ascii').rstrip()\n" +"\n" +"date = asyncio.run(get_date())\n" +"print(f\"Current date: {date}\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-protocol.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"See also the :ref:`same example ` " +"written using high-level APIs." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅使用高层级 API 编写的 :ref:`相同示例 `。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-queue.po b/library/asyncio-queue.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1084ac00e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-queue.po @@ -0,0 +1,386 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# kevin wong , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-10 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:7 +msgid "Queues" +msgstr "队列集" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/queues.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/queues.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:13 +msgid "" +"asyncio queues are designed to be similar to classes of the :mod:`queue` " +"module. Although asyncio queues are not thread-safe, they are designed to " +"be used specifically in async/await code." +msgstr "" +"asyncio 队列被设计成与 :mod:`queue` 模块类似。尽管 asyncio队列不是线程安全的，但是他们是被设计专用于 " +"async/await 代码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Note that methods of asyncio queues don't have a *timeout* parameter; use " +":func:`asyncio.wait_for` function to do queue operations with a timeout." +msgstr "" +"注意asyncio 的队列没有 *timeout* 形参；请使用 :func:`asyncio.wait_for` 函数为队列添加超时操作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:21 +msgid "See also the `Examples`_ section below." +msgstr "参见下面的 `Examples`_ 部分。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:24 +msgid "Queue" +msgstr "Queue" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:28 +msgid "A first in, first out (FIFO) queue." +msgstr "先进，先出（FIFO）队列" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:30 +msgid "" +"If *maxsize* is less than or equal to zero, the queue size is infinite. If " +"it is an integer greater than ``0``, then ``await put()`` blocks when the " +"queue reaches *maxsize* until an item is removed by :meth:`get`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *maxsize* 小于等于零，则队列尺寸是无限的。如果是大于 ``0`` 的整数，则当队列达到 *maxsize* 时， ``await " +"put()`` 将阻塞至某个元素被 :meth:`get` 取出。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Unlike the standard library threading :mod:`queue`, the size of the queue is" +" always known and can be returned by calling the :meth:`qsize` method." +msgstr "不像标准库中的并发型 :mod:`queue` ，队列的尺寸一直是已知的，可以通过调用 :meth:`qsize` 方法返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:39 +msgid "Removed the *loop* parameter." +msgstr "移除了 *loop* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:43 +msgid "This class is :ref:`not thread safe `." +msgstr "这个类不是线程安全的（:ref:`not thread safe `）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:47 +msgid "Number of items allowed in the queue." +msgstr "队列中可存放的元素数量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:51 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the queue is empty, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果队列为空返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:55 +msgid "Return ``True`` if there are :attr:`maxsize` items in the queue." +msgstr "如果有 :attr:`maxsize` 个条目在队列中，则返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:57 +msgid "" +"If the queue was initialized with ``maxsize=0`` (the default), then " +":meth:`full` never returns ``True``." +msgstr "如果队列用 ``maxsize=0`` (默认值) 初始化，则 :meth:`full` 永远不会返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Remove and return an item from the queue. If queue is empty, wait until an " +"item is available." +msgstr "从队列中删除并返回一个元素。如果队列为空，则等待，直到队列中有元素。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`QueueShutDown` if the queue has been shut down and is empty, or" +" if the queue has been shut down immediately." +msgstr "如果队列已被关闭并且为空，或者如果队列已被立即关闭则会引发 :exc:`QueueShutDown`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Return an item if one is immediately available, else raise " +":exc:`QueueEmpty`." +msgstr "立即返回一个队列中的元素，如果队列内有值，否则引发异常 :exc:`QueueEmpty` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:75 +msgid "Block until all items in the queue have been received and processed." +msgstr "阻塞至队列中所有的元素都被接收和处理完毕。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The count of unfinished tasks goes up whenever an item is added to the " +"queue. The count goes down whenever a consumer coroutine calls " +":meth:`task_done` to indicate that the item was retrieved and all work on it" +" is complete. When the count of unfinished tasks drops to zero, " +":meth:`join` unblocks." +msgstr "" +"当条目添加到队列的时候，未完成任务的计数就会增加。每当消费协程调用 :meth:`task_done` " +"表示这个条目已经被回收，该条目所有工作已经完成，未完成计数就会减少。当未完成计数降到零的时候， :meth:`join` 阻塞被解除。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Put an item into the queue. If the queue is full, wait until a free slot is " +"available before adding the item." +msgstr "添加一个元素进队列。如果队列满了，在添加元素之前，会一直等待空闲插槽可用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:88 +msgid "Raises :exc:`QueueShutDown` if the queue has been shut down." +msgstr "如果队列已被关闭则会引发 :exc:`QueueShutDown`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:92 +msgid "Put an item into the queue without blocking." +msgstr "不阻塞的放一个元素入队列。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:94 +msgid "If no free slot is immediately available, raise :exc:`QueueFull`." +msgstr "如果没有立即可用的空闲槽，引发 :exc:`QueueFull` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:98 +msgid "Return the number of items in the queue." +msgstr "返回队列用的元素数量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Shut down the queue, making :meth:`~Queue.get` and :meth:`~Queue.put` raise " +":exc:`QueueShutDown`." +msgstr "" +"关闭队列，让 :meth:`~Queue.get` 和 :meth:`~Queue.put` 引发 :exc:`QueueShutDown`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:105 +msgid "" +"By default, :meth:`~Queue.get` on a shut down queue will only raise once the" +" queue is empty. Set *immediate* to true to make :meth:`~Queue.get` raise " +"immediately instead." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，在已关闭的队列上执行 :meth:`~Queue.get` 只会在队列为空时引发异常。 将 *immediate* 设为真值以改为让 " +":meth:`~Queue.get` 立即引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:109 +msgid "" +"All blocked callers of :meth:`~Queue.put` and :meth:`~Queue.get` will be " +"unblocked. If *immediate* is true, a task will be marked as done for each " +"remaining item in the queue, which may unblock callers of " +":meth:`~Queue.join`." +msgstr "" +"所有 :meth:`~Queue.put` 和 :meth:`~Queue.get` 被阻塞的调用方将被撤销阻塞。 如果 *immediate* " +"为真值，一个任务将对队列中每个剩余的项标记为已完成，它可能撤销对 :meth:`~Queue.join` 的调用方的阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:118 +msgid "Indicate that a formerly enqueued work item is complete." +msgstr "表明之前加入队列的工作条目已经完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Used by queue consumers. For each :meth:`~Queue.get` used to fetch a work " +"item, a subsequent call to :meth:`task_done` tells the queue that the " +"processing on the work item is complete." +msgstr "" +"由队列的消费者使用。 对于每个被用于获取工作条目的 :meth:`~Queue.get`，将有一个对 :meth:`task_done` " +"的后续调用来告诉队列工作条目的操作已完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:124 +msgid "" +"If a :meth:`join` is currently blocking, it will resume when all items have " +"been processed (meaning that a :meth:`task_done` call was received for every" +" item that had been :meth:`~Queue.put` into the queue)." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`join` 当前正在阻塞，在所有条目都被处理后，将解除阻塞(意味着每个 :meth:`~Queue.put` 进队列的条目的 " +":meth:`task_done` 都被收到)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:129 +msgid "" +"``shutdown(immediate=True)`` calls :meth:`task_done` for each remaining item" +" in the queue." +msgstr "``shutdown(immediate=True)`` 将为队列中每个剩余的项调用 :meth:`task_done`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`ValueError` if called more times than there were items placed " +"in the queue." +msgstr "如果被调用的次数多于放入队列中的项目数量，将引发 :exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:137 +msgid "Priority Queue" +msgstr "优先级队列" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:141 +msgid "" +"A variant of :class:`Queue`; retrieves entries in priority order (lowest " +"first)." +msgstr ":class:`Queue` 的变体；按优先级顺序取出条目 (最小的先取出)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:144 +msgid "Entries are typically tuples of the form ``(priority_number, data)``." +msgstr "条目通常是 ``(priority_number, data)`` 形式的元组。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:149 +msgid "LIFO Queue" +msgstr "后进先出队列" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:153 +msgid "" +"A variant of :class:`Queue` that retrieves most recently added entries first" +" (last in, first out)." +msgstr ":class:`Queue` 的变体，先取出最近添加的条目（后进，先出）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:158 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:162 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised when the :meth:`~Queue.get_nowait` method is called" +" on an empty queue." +msgstr "当队列为空的时候，调用 :meth:`~Queue.get_nowait` 方法而引发这个异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when the :meth:`~Queue.put_nowait` method is called on a " +"queue that has reached its *maxsize*." +msgstr "当队列中条目数量已经达到它的 *maxsize* 的时候，调用 :meth:`~Queue.put_nowait` 方法而引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when :meth:`~Queue.put` or :meth:`~Queue.get` is called on " +"a queue which has been shut down." +msgstr "当在已被关闭的列队上调用 :meth:`~Queue.put` 或 :meth:`~Queue.get` 时引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:181 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Queues can be used to distribute workload between several concurrent tasks::" +msgstr "队列能被用于多个的并发任务的工作量分配：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-queue.rst:188 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import random\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def worker(name, queue):\n" +" while True:\n" +" # Get a \"work item\" out of the queue.\n" +" sleep_for = await queue.get()\n" +"\n" +" # Sleep for the \"sleep_for\" seconds.\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(sleep_for)\n" +"\n" +" # Notify the queue that the \"work item\" has been processed.\n" +" queue.task_done()\n" +"\n" +" print(f'{name} has slept for {sleep_for:.2f} seconds')\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Create a queue that we will use to store our \"workload\".\n" +" queue = asyncio.Queue()\n" +"\n" +" # Generate random timings and put them into the queue.\n" +" total_sleep_time = 0\n" +" for _ in range(20):\n" +" sleep_for = random.uniform(0.05, 1.0)\n" +" total_sleep_time += sleep_for\n" +" queue.put_nowait(sleep_for)\n" +"\n" +" # Create three worker tasks to process the queue concurrently.\n" +" tasks = []\n" +" for i in range(3):\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(worker(f'worker-{i}', queue))\n" +" tasks.append(task)\n" +"\n" +" # Wait until the queue is fully processed.\n" +" started_at = time.monotonic()\n" +" await queue.join()\n" +" total_slept_for = time.monotonic() - started_at\n" +"\n" +" # Cancel our worker tasks.\n" +" for task in tasks:\n" +" task.cancel()\n" +" # Wait until all worker tasks are cancelled.\n" +" await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)\n" +"\n" +" print('====')\n" +" print(f'3 workers slept in parallel for {total_slept_for:.2f} seconds')\n" +" print(f'total expected sleep time: {total_sleep_time:.2f} seconds')\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import random\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def worker(name, queue):\n" +" while True:\n" +" # 从队列获取一个“工作项”。\n" +" sleep_for = await queue.get()\n" +"\n" +" # 休眠 \"sleep_for\" 秒。\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(sleep_for)\n" +"\n" +" # 通知队列“工作项”已被处理。\n" +" queue.task_done()\n" +"\n" +" print(f'{name} has slept for {sleep_for:.2f} seconds')\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 创建一个用于存储我们的“工作项”的队列。\n" +" queue = asyncio.Queue()\n" +"\n" +" # 生成随机时段并将它们放入队列。\n" +" total_sleep_time = 0\n" +" for _ in range(20):\n" +" sleep_for = random.uniform(0.05, 1.0)\n" +" total_sleep_time += sleep_for\n" +" queue.put_nowait(sleep_for)\n" +"\n" +" # 创建三个工作任务来并发地处理队列。\n" +" tasks = []\n" +" for i in range(3):\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(worker(f'worker-{i}', queue))\n" +" tasks.append(task)\n" +"\n" +" # 等待直到队列处理完毕。\n" +" started_at = time.monotonic()\n" +" await queue.join()\n" +" total_slept_for = time.monotonic() - started_at\n" +"\n" +" # 取消我们的工作任务。\n" +" for task in tasks:\n" +" task.cancel()\n" +" # 等待直到所有工作任务都被取消。\n" +" await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)\n" +"\n" +" print('====')\n" +" print(f'3 workers slept in parallel for {total_slept_for:.2f} seconds')\n" +" print(f'total expected sleep time: {total_sleep_time:.2f} seconds')\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" diff --git a/library/asyncio-runner.po b/library/asyncio-runner.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85f1bd440 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-runner.po @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-05 19:48+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:6 +msgid "Runners" +msgstr "运行器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/runners.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/runners.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This section outlines high-level asyncio primitives to run asyncio code." +msgstr "本节将简述用于运行异步代码的高层级异步原语。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:13 +msgid "" +"They are built on top of an :ref:`event loop ` with the " +"aim to simplify async code usage for common wide-spread scenarios." +msgstr "它们构建于 :ref:`事件循环 ` 之上，其目标是简化针对常见通用场景的异步代码的用法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:23 +msgid "Running an asyncio Program" +msgstr "运行 asyncio 程序" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:27 +msgid "Execute the :term:`coroutine` *coro* and return the result." +msgstr "执行 :term:`coroutine` *coro* 并返回结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:29 +msgid "" +"This function runs the passed coroutine, taking care of managing the asyncio" +" event loop, *finalizing asynchronous generators*, and closing the executor." +msgstr "此函数会运行传入的协程，负责管理 asyncio 事件循环，*终结异步生成器*，并关闭执行器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:33 ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:115 +msgid "" +"This function cannot be called when another asyncio event loop is running in" +" the same thread." +msgstr "当有其他 asyncio 事件循环在同一线程中运行时，此函数不能被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:36 ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:85 +msgid "" +"If *debug* is ``True``, the event loop will be run in debug mode. ``False`` " +"disables debug mode explicitly. ``None`` is used to respect the global " +":ref:`asyncio-debug-mode` settings." +msgstr "" +"如果 *debug* 为 ``True``，事件循环将运行于调试模式。 ``False`` 将显式地禁用调试模式。 使用 ``None`` 将沿用全局 " +":ref:`asyncio-debug-mode` 设置。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:40 +msgid "" +"If *loop_factory* is not ``None``, it is used to create a new event loop; " +"otherwise :func:`asyncio.new_event_loop` is used. The loop is closed at the " +"end. This function should be used as a main entry point for asyncio " +"programs, and should ideally only be called once. It is recommended to use " +"*loop_factory* to configure the event loop instead of policies. Passing " +":class:`asyncio.EventLoop` allows running asyncio without the policy system." +msgstr "" +"如果 *loop_factory* 不为 ``None``，它将被用来创建一个新的事件循环；否则将会使用 " +":func:`asyncio.new_event_loop`。 最终该循环将被关闭。 此函数应当被用作 asyncio " +"程序的主入口点，在理想情况下应当只被调用一次。 建议使用 *loop_factory* 来配置事件循环而不是使用策略。 传入 " +":class:`asyncio.EventLoop` 将允许不带策略系统地运行 asyncio。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The executor is given a timeout duration of 5 minutes to shutdown. If the " +"executor hasn't finished within that duration, a warning is emitted and the " +"executor is closed." +msgstr "执行器的关闭有 5 分钟的超时限制。 如果执行器未在时限之内结束，将发出警告消息并关闭执行器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:52 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:54 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('hello')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('hello')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:62 +msgid "Updated to use :meth:`loop.shutdown_default_executor`." +msgstr "更新为使用 :meth:`loop.shutdown_default_executor`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:67 +msgid "" +"*debug* is ``None`` by default to respect the global debug mode settings." +msgstr "默认情况下 *debug* 为 ``None`` 即沿用全局调试模式设置。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:71 +msgid "Added *loop_factory* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *loop_factory* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:75 +msgid "Runner context manager" +msgstr "运行器上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:79 +msgid "" +"A context manager that simplifies *multiple* async function calls in the " +"same context." +msgstr "对在相同上下文中 *多个* 异步函数调用进行简化的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Sometimes several top-level async functions should be called in the same " +":ref:`event loop ` and :class:`contextvars.Context`." +msgstr "" +"有时多个最高层级异步函数应当在同一个 :ref:`事件循环 ` 和 " +":class:`contextvars.Context` 中被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:89 +msgid "" +"*loop_factory* could be used for overriding the loop creation. It is the " +"responsibility of the *loop_factory* to set the created loop as the current " +"one. By default :func:`asyncio.new_event_loop` is used and set as current " +"event loop with :func:`asyncio.set_event_loop` if *loop_factory* is " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"*loop_factory* 可被用来重载循环的创建。 *loop_factory* 要负责将所创建的循环设置为当前事件循环。 在默认情况下如果 " +"*loop_factory* 为 ``None`` 则会使用 :func:`asyncio.new_event_loop` 并通过 " +":func:`asyncio.set_event_loop` 将其设置为当前事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Basically, :func:`asyncio.run` example can be rewritten with the runner " +"usage::" +msgstr "基本上，:func:`asyncio.run` 示例可以通过运行器的用法来重写::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:96 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('hello')\n" +"\n" +"with asyncio.Runner() as runner:\n" +" runner.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('hello')\n" +"\n" +"with asyncio.Runner() as runner:\n" +" runner.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:107 +msgid "Run a :term:`coroutine ` *coro* in the embedded loop." +msgstr "在嵌入的循环中运行一个 :term:`协程 ` *coro*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:109 +msgid "Return the coroutine's result or raise its exception." +msgstr "返回协程的结果或者引发其异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:111 +msgid "" +"An optional keyword-only *context* argument allows specifying a custom " +":class:`contextvars.Context` for the *coro* to run in. The runner's default " +"context is used if ``None``." +msgstr "" +"可选的仅限关键字参数 *context* 允许指定一个自定义 :class:`contextvars.Context` 用作 *coro* " +"运行所在的上下文。 如果为 ``None`` 则会使用运行器的默认上下文。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:120 +msgid "Close the runner." +msgstr "关闭运行器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Finalize asynchronous generators, shutdown default executor, close the event" +" loop and release embedded :class:`contextvars.Context`." +msgstr "最终化异步生成器，停止默认执行器，关闭事件循环并释放嵌入的 :class:`contextvars.Context`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:127 +msgid "Return the event loop associated with the runner instance." +msgstr "返回关联到运行器实例的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:131 +msgid "" +":class:`Runner` uses the lazy initialization strategy, its constructor " +"doesn't initialize underlying low-level structures." +msgstr ":class:`Runner` 会使用惰性初始化策略，它的构造器不会初始化下层的低层级结构体。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Embedded *loop* and *context* are created at the :keyword:`with` body " +"entering or the first call of :meth:`run` or :meth:`get_loop`." +msgstr "" +"嵌入的 *loop* 和 *context* 是在进入 :keyword:`with` 语句体或者对 :meth:`run` 或 " +":meth:`get_loop` 的首次调用时被创建的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:139 +msgid "Handling Keyboard Interruption" +msgstr "处理键盘中断" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:143 +msgid "" +"When :const:`signal.SIGINT` is raised by :kbd:`Ctrl-C`, " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception is raised in the main thread by default. " +"However this doesn't work with :mod:`asyncio` because it can interrupt " +"asyncio internals and can hang the program from exiting." +msgstr "" +"当 :const:`signal.SIGINT` 被 :kbd:`Ctrl-C` 引发时，默认将在主线程中引发 " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。 但是这并不适用于 :mod:`asyncio` 因为它可以中断异步的内部操作并能挂起要退出的程序。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:148 +msgid "" +"To mitigate this issue, :mod:`asyncio` handles :const:`signal.SIGINT` as " +"follows:" +msgstr "为解决此问题，:mod:`asyncio` 将按以下步骤处理 :const:`signal.SIGINT`:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:150 +msgid "" +":meth:`asyncio.Runner.run` installs a custom :const:`signal.SIGINT` handler " +"before any user code is executed and removes it when exiting from the " +"function." +msgstr "" +":meth:`asyncio.Runner.run` 在任何用户代码被执行之前安装一个自定义的 :const:`signal.SIGINT` " +"处理器并在从该函数退出时将其移除。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:152 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~asyncio.Runner` creates the main task for the passed coroutine " +"for its execution." +msgstr "" +":class:`~asyncio.Runner` 为所传入的协程创建主任务供其执行。creates the main task for the " +"passed coroutine for its execution." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:154 +msgid "" +"When :const:`signal.SIGINT` is raised by :kbd:`Ctrl-C`, the custom signal " +"handler cancels the main task by calling :meth:`asyncio.Task.cancel` which " +"raises :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` inside the main task. This causes the " +"Python stack to unwind, ``try/except`` and ``try/finally`` blocks can be " +"used for resource cleanup. After the main task is cancelled, " +":meth:`asyncio.Runner.run` raises :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`." +msgstr "" +"当 :const:`signal.SIGINT` 被 :kbd:`Ctrl-C` 引发时，自定义的信号处理器将通过调用 " +":meth:`asyncio.Task.cancel` 在主任务内部引发 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 来取消主任务。 " +"这将导致 Python 栈回退，``try/except`` 和 ``try/finally`` 代码块可被用于资源清理。 " +"在主任务被取消之后，:meth:`asyncio.Runner.run` 将引发 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-runner.rst:160 +msgid "" +"A user could write a tight loop which cannot be interrupted by " +":meth:`asyncio.Task.cancel`, in which case the second following " +":kbd:`Ctrl-C` immediately raises the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` without " +"cancelling the main task." +msgstr "" +"用户可以编写无法通过 :meth:`asyncio.Task.cancel` 来中断的紧密循环，在这种情况下后续的第二次 :kbd:`Ctrl-C` " +"将立即引发 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 而不会取消主任务。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-stream.po b/library/asyncio-stream.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..071a687ee --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-stream.po @@ -0,0 +1,833 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# kevin wong , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# li beite , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Pan Felix , 2022 +# walkinrain , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-29 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:7 +msgid "Streams" +msgstr "流" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/streams.py`" +msgstr "**源码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/streams.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Streams are high-level async/await-ready primitives to work with network " +"connections. Streams allow sending and receiving data without using " +"callbacks or low-level protocols and transports." +msgstr "流是用于处理网络连接的支持 async/await 的高层级原语。 流允许发送和接收数据，而不需要使用回调或低级协议和传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Here is an example of a TCP echo client written using asyncio streams::" +msgstr "下面是一个使用 asyncio streams 编写的 TCP echo 客户端示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:22 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:419 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def tcp_echo_client(message):\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(\n" +" '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" print(f'Send: {message!r}')\n" +" writer.write(message.encode())\n" +" await writer.drain()\n" +"\n" +" data = await reader.read(100)\n" +" print(f'Received: {data.decode()!r}')\n" +"\n" +" print('Close the connection')\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(tcp_echo_client('Hello World!'))" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def tcp_echo_client(message):\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(\n" +" '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" print(f'Send: {message!r}')\n" +" writer.write(message.encode())\n" +" await writer.drain()\n" +"\n" +" data = await reader.read(100)\n" +" print(f'Received: {data.decode()!r}')\n" +"\n" +" print('Close the connection')\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(tcp_echo_client('Hello World!'))" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:42 +msgid "See also the `Examples`_ section below." +msgstr "参见下面的 `Examples`_ 部分。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:46 +msgid "Stream Functions" +msgstr "Stream 函数" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:47 +msgid "" +"The following top-level asyncio functions can be used to create and work " +"with streams:" +msgstr "下面的高级 asyncio 函数可以用来创建和处理流:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Establish a network connection and return a pair of ``(reader, writer)`` " +"objects." +msgstr "建立网络连接并返回一对 ``(reader, writer)`` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:61 +msgid "" +"The returned *reader* and *writer* objects are instances of " +":class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` classes." +msgstr "" +"返回的 *reader* 和 *writer* 对象是 :class:`StreamReader` 和 :class:`StreamWriter` " +"类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:64 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:110 +msgid "" +"*limit* determines the buffer size limit used by the returned " +":class:`StreamReader` instance. By default the *limit* is set to 64 KiB." +msgstr "" +"*limit* 确定返回的 :class:`StreamReader` 实例使用的缓冲区大小限制。默认情况下，*limit* 设置为 64 KiB 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The rest of the arguments are passed directly to " +":meth:`loop.create_connection`." +msgstr "其余的参数直接传递到 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:73 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:151 +msgid "" +"The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the " +":class:`StreamWriter` created. To close the socket, call its " +":meth:`~asyncio.StreamWriter.close` method." +msgstr "" +"*sock* 参数可将套接字的所有权转给所创建的 :class:`StreamWriter`。 要关闭该套接字，请调用其 " +":meth:`~asyncio.StreamWriter.close` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:77 +msgid "Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:80 +msgid "Added the *happy_eyeballs_delay* and *interleave* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *happy_eyeballs_delay* 和 *interleave* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:83 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:126 +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:161 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:191 +msgid "Removed the *loop* parameter." +msgstr "移除了 *loop* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:86 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:129 +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:164 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:194 +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:387 +msgid "Added the *ssl_shutdown_timeout* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *ssl_shutdown_timeout* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:99 +msgid "Start a socket server." +msgstr "启动套接字服务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The *client_connected_cb* callback is called whenever a new client " +"connection is established. It receives a ``(reader, writer)`` pair as two " +"arguments, instances of the :class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` " +"classes." +msgstr "" +"当一个新的客户端连接被建立时，回调函数 *client_connected_cb* 会被调用。该函数会接收到一对参数 ``(reader, " +"writer)`` ，reader是类 :class:`StreamReader` 的实例，而writer是类 " +":class:`StreamWriter` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:106 +msgid "" +"*client_connected_cb* can be a plain callable or a :ref:`coroutine function " +"`; if it is a coroutine function, it will be automatically " +"scheduled as a :class:`Task`." +msgstr "" +"*client_connected_cb* 即可以是普通的可调用对象也可以是一个 :ref:`协程函数 `; " +"如果它是一个协程函数，它将自动作为 :class:`Task` 被调度。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:114 +msgid "" +"The rest of the arguments are passed directly to :meth:`loop.create_server`." +msgstr "余下的参数将会直接传递给 :meth:`loop.create_server`." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:119 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the server created." +" To close the socket, call the server's :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"*sock* 参数可将套接字的所有权转给所创建的服务器。 要关闭该套接字，请调用服务器的 :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` " +"方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:123 +msgid "Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 和 *start_serving* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:132 +msgid "Added the *keep_alive* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *keep_alive* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:137 +msgid "Unix Sockets" +msgstr "Unix 套接字" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Establish a Unix socket connection and return a pair of ``(reader, " +"writer)``." +msgstr "建立一个 Unix 套接字连接并返回 ``(reader, writer)`` 这对返回值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:145 +msgid "Similar to :func:`open_connection` but operates on Unix sockets." +msgstr "与 :func:`open_connection` 相似，但是是在 Unix 套接字上的操作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:147 +msgid "See also the documentation of :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`." +msgstr "请看文档 :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:155 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:185 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* parameter. The *path* parameter can now be" +" a :term:`path-like object`" +msgstr "" +"增加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 形参。 现在 *path* 形参可以是一个 :term:`path-like object`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:173 +msgid "Start a Unix socket server." +msgstr "启动一个 Unix 套接字服务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:175 +msgid "Similar to :func:`start_server` but works with Unix sockets." +msgstr "与 :func:`start_server` 相似，但是是在 Unix 套接字上的操作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:177 +msgid "See also the documentation of :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`." +msgstr "请看文档 :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters. The *path*" +" parameter can now be a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "" +"增加了 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 和 *start_serving* 形参。 现在 *path* 形参可以是一个 " +":term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:199 +msgid "StreamReader" +msgstr "StreamReader" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Represents a reader object that provides APIs to read data from the IO " +"stream. As an :term:`asynchronous iterable`, the object supports the " +":keyword:`async for` statement." +msgstr "" +"代表一个提供从 IO 流读取数据的 API 的读取器。 作为一个 :term:`asynchronous iterable`，该对象支持 " +":keyword:`async for` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:207 +msgid "" +"It is not recommended to instantiate *StreamReader* objects directly; use " +":func:`open_connection` and :func:`start_server` instead." +msgstr "" +"不推荐直接实例化 *StreamReader* 对象，建议使用 :func:`open_connection` 和 " +":func:`start_server` 来获取 *StreamReader* 实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:213 +msgid "Acknowledge the EOF." +msgstr "识别 EOF。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:217 +msgid "Read up to *n* bytes from the stream." +msgstr "从流读取至多 *n* 个字节。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:219 +msgid "" +"If *n* is not provided or set to ``-1``, read until EOF, then return all " +"read :class:`bytes`. If EOF was received and the internal buffer is empty, " +"return an empty ``bytes`` object." +msgstr "" +"如果未提供 *n* 或是设为 ``-1``，则一直读取到 EOF，然后返回所读取的全部 :class:`bytes`。 如果收到 EOF " +"并且内部缓冲区为空，则返回一个空 ``bytes`` 对象。object." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:224 +msgid "If *n* is ``0``, return an empty ``bytes`` object immediately." +msgstr "如果 *n* 为 ``0``，则立即返回一个空 ``bytes`` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:226 +msgid "" +"If *n* is positive, return at most *n* available ``bytes`` as soon as at " +"least 1 byte is available in the internal buffer. If EOF is received before " +"any byte is read, return an empty ``bytes`` object." +msgstr "" +"如果 *n* 为正值，则一旦内部缓冲区有至少 1 个字节可用就返回至多 *n* 个可用的 ``bytes``。 如果在读取任何字节之前收到 " +"EOF，则返回一个空 ``bytes`` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:233 +msgid "Read one line, where \"line\" is a sequence of bytes ending with ``\\n``." +msgstr "读取一行，其中“行”指的是以 ``\\n`` 结尾的字节序列。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:236 +msgid "" +"If EOF is received and ``\\n`` was not found, the method returns partially " +"read data." +msgstr "如果读到EOF而没有找到 ``\\n`` ，该方法返回部分读取的数据。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:239 +msgid "" +"If EOF is received and the internal buffer is empty, return an empty " +"``bytes`` object." +msgstr "如果读到EOF，且内部缓冲区为空，则返回一个空的 ``bytes`` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:244 +msgid "Read exactly *n* bytes." +msgstr "精确读取 *n* 个 bytes，不会超过也不能少于。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:246 +msgid "" +"Raise an :exc:`IncompleteReadError` if EOF is reached before *n* can be " +"read. Use the :attr:`IncompleteReadError.partial` attribute to get the " +"partially read data." +msgstr "" +"如果在读取完 *n* 个byte之前读取到EOF，则会引发 :exc:`IncompleteReadError` 异常。使用 " +":attr:`IncompleteReadError.partial` 属性来获取到达流结束之前读取的 bytes 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:252 +msgid "Read data from the stream until *separator* is found." +msgstr "从流中读取数据直至遇到 *separator*" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:254 +msgid "" +"On success, the data and separator will be removed from the internal buffer " +"(consumed). Returned data will include the separator at the end." +msgstr "成功后，数据和指定的separator将从内部缓冲区中删除(或者说被消费掉)。返回的数据将包括在末尾的指定separator。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:258 +msgid "" +"If the amount of data read exceeds the configured stream limit, a " +":exc:`LimitOverrunError` exception is raised, and the data is left in the " +"internal buffer and can be read again." +msgstr "如果读取的数据量超过了配置的流限制，将引发 :exc:`LimitOverrunError` 异常，数据将留在内部缓冲区中并可以再次读取。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:262 +msgid "" +"If EOF is reached before the complete separator is found, an " +":exc:`IncompleteReadError` exception is raised, and the internal buffer is " +"reset. The :attr:`IncompleteReadError.partial` attribute may contain a " +"portion of the separator." +msgstr "" +"如果在找到完整的separator之前到达EOF，则会引发 :exc:`IncompleteReadError` 异常，并重置内部缓冲区。 " +":attr:`IncompleteReadError.partial` 属性可能包含指定separator的一部分。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:267 +msgid "" +"The *separator* may also be a tuple of separators. In this case the return " +"value will be the shortest possible that has any separator as the suffix. " +"For the purposes of :exc:`LimitOverrunError`, the shortest possible " +"separator is considered to be the one that matched." +msgstr "" +"*separator* 也可以是由分隔符组成的元组。 在这种情况下返回值将为以任意分隔符为前缀的最短可能值。 对于 " +":exc:`LimitOverrunError` 来说，分隔符的最短可能值将被认为是匹配的值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:277 +msgid "The *separator* parameter may now be a :class:`tuple` of separators." +msgstr "现在 *separator* 形参可以是由分隔符组成的 :class:`tuple`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the buffer is empty and :meth:`feed_eof` was called." +msgstr "如果缓冲区为空并且 :meth:`feed_eof` 被调用，则返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:287 +msgid "StreamWriter" +msgstr "StreamWriter" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Represents a writer object that provides APIs to write data to the IO " +"stream." +msgstr "这个类表示一个写入器对象，该对象提供api以便于写数据至IO流中。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:294 +msgid "" +"It is not recommended to instantiate *StreamWriter* objects directly; use " +":func:`open_connection` and :func:`start_server` instead." +msgstr "" +"不建议直接实例化 *StreamWriter*；而应改用 :func:`open_connection` 和 :func:`start_server`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:300 +msgid "" +"The method attempts to write the *data* to the underlying socket " +"immediately. If that fails, the data is queued in an internal write buffer " +"until it can be sent." +msgstr "此方法会尝试立即将 *data* 写入到下层的套接字。 如果写入失败，数据会被排入内部写缓冲队列直到可以被发送。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:304 ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:316 +msgid "The method should be used along with the ``drain()`` method::" +msgstr "此方法应当与 ``drain()`` 方法一起使用::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:306 +msgid "" +"stream.write(data)\n" +"await stream.drain()" +msgstr "" +"stream.write(data)\n" +"await stream.drain()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:311 +msgid "" +"The method writes a list (or any iterable) of bytes to the underlying socket" +" immediately. If that fails, the data is queued in an internal write buffer " +"until it can be sent." +msgstr "此方法会立即尝试将一个字节串列表（或任何可迭代对象）写入到下层的套接字。 如果写入失败，数据会被排入内部写缓冲队列直到可以被发送。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:318 +msgid "" +"stream.writelines(lines)\n" +"await stream.drain()" +msgstr "" +"stream.writelines(lines)\n" +"await stream.drain()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:323 +msgid "The method closes the stream and the underlying socket." +msgstr "此方法会关闭流以及下层的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:325 +msgid "" +"The method should be used, though not mandatory, along with the " +"``wait_closed()`` method::" +msgstr "此方法应当于 ``wait_closed()`` 方法一起使用，但这并非强制要求::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:328 +msgid "" +"stream.close()\n" +"await stream.wait_closed()" +msgstr "" +"stream.close()\n" +"await stream.wait_closed()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:333 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the underlying transport supports the :meth:`write_eof` " +"method, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果下层的传输支持 :meth:`write_eof` 方法则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Close the write end of the stream after the buffered write data is flushed." +msgstr "在已缓冲的写入数据被刷新后关闭流的写入端。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:343 +msgid "Return the underlying asyncio transport." +msgstr "返回下层的 asyncio 传输。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Access optional transport information; see " +":meth:`BaseTransport.get_extra_info` for details." +msgstr "访问可选的传输信息；详情参见 :meth:`BaseTransport.get_extra_info`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:352 +msgid "" +"Wait until it is appropriate to resume writing to the stream. Example::" +msgstr "等待直到可以适当地恢复写入到流。 示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:355 +msgid "" +"writer.write(data)\n" +"await writer.drain()" +msgstr "" +"writer.write(data)\n" +"await writer.drain()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:358 +msgid "" +"This is a flow control method that interacts with the underlying IO write " +"buffer. When the size of the buffer reaches the high watermark, *drain()* " +"blocks until the size of the buffer is drained down to the low watermark and" +" writing can be resumed. When there is nothing to wait for, the " +":meth:`drain` returns immediately." +msgstr "" +"这是一个与下层的 IO 写缓冲区进行交互的流程控制方法。 当缓冲区大小达到最高水位（最大上限）时，*drain()* " +"会阻塞直到缓冲区大小减少至最低水位以便恢复写入。 当没有要等待的数据时，:meth:`drain` 会立即返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:368 +msgid "Upgrade an existing stream-based connection to TLS." +msgstr "将现有基于流的连接升级到 TLS。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:370 +msgid "Parameters:" +msgstr "参数：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:372 +msgid "*sslcontext*: a configured instance of :class:`~ssl.SSLContext`." +msgstr "*sslcontext* ：一个已经配置好的 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:374 +msgid "" +"*server_hostname*: sets or overrides the host name that the target server's " +"certificate will be matched against." +msgstr "*server_hostname* ：设置或者覆盖目标服务器证书中相对应的主机名。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:377 +msgid "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* is the time in seconds to wait for the TLS handshake" +" to complete before aborting the connection. ``60.0`` seconds if ``None`` " +"(default)." +msgstr "" +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* 是在放弃连接之前要等待 TLS 握手完成的秒数。 如为 ``None`` (默认值) 则使用 " +"``60.0``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:381 +msgid "" +"*ssl_shutdown_timeout* is the time in seconds to wait for the SSL shutdown " +"to complete before aborting the connection. ``30.0`` seconds if ``None`` " +"(default)." +msgstr "" +"*ssl_shutdown_timeout* 是在放弃连接之前要等待 SSL 关闭完成的秒数。 如为 ``None`` (默认值) 则使用 " +"``30.0``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:393 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the stream is closed or in the process of being closed." +msgstr "如果流已被关闭或正在被关闭则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:400 +msgid "Wait until the stream is closed." +msgstr "等待直到流被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Should be called after :meth:`close` to wait until the underlying connection" +" is closed, ensuring that all data has been flushed before e.g. exiting the " +"program." +msgstr "应当在 :meth:`close` 之后调用以等待直到下层连接被关闭，确保所有数据在退出程序之前已刷新。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:410 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:415 +msgid "TCP echo client using streams" +msgstr "使用流的 TCP 回显客户端" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:417 +msgid "TCP echo client using the :func:`asyncio.open_connection` function::" +msgstr "使用 :func:`asyncio.open_connection` 函数的 TCP 回显客户端::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`TCP echo client protocol " +"` example uses the low-level " +":meth:`loop.create_connection` method." +msgstr "" +"使用低层级 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 方法的 :ref:`TCP 回显客户端协议 " +"` 示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:448 +msgid "TCP echo server using streams" +msgstr "使用流的 TCP 回显服务器" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:450 +msgid "TCP echo server using the :func:`asyncio.start_server` function::" +msgstr "TCP 回显服务器使用 :func:`asyncio.start_server` 函数::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:452 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def handle_echo(reader, writer):\n" +" data = await reader.read(100)\n" +" message = data.decode()\n" +" addr = writer.get_extra_info('peername')\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"Received {message!r} from {addr!r}\")\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"Send: {message!r}\")\n" +" writer.write(data)\n" +" await writer.drain()\n" +"\n" +" print(\"Close the connection\")\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" server = await asyncio.start_server(\n" +" handle_echo, '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" addrs = ', '.join(str(sock.getsockname()) for sock in server.sockets)\n" +" print(f'Serving on {addrs}')\n" +"\n" +" async with server:\n" +" await server.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def handle_echo(reader, writer):\n" +" data = await reader.read(100)\n" +" message = data.decode()\n" +" addr = writer.get_extra_info('peername')\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"Received {message!r} from {addr!r}\")\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"Send: {message!r}\")\n" +" writer.write(data)\n" +" await writer.drain()\n" +"\n" +" print(\"Close the connection\")\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" server = await asyncio.start_server(\n" +" handle_echo, '127.0.0.1', 8888)\n" +"\n" +" addrs = ', '.join(str(sock.getsockname()) for sock in server.sockets)\n" +" print(f'Serving on {addrs}')\n" +"\n" +" async with server:\n" +" await server.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:484 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`TCP echo server protocol " +"` example uses the " +":meth:`loop.create_server` method." +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`loop.create_server` 方法的 :ref:`TCP 回显服务器协议 " +"` 示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:489 +msgid "Get HTTP headers" +msgstr "获取 HTTP 标头" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:491 +msgid "" +"Simple example querying HTTP headers of the URL passed on the command line::" +msgstr "查询命令行传入 URL 的 HTTP 标头的简单示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:493 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import urllib.parse\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"async def print_http_headers(url):\n" +" url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)\n" +" if url.scheme == 'https':\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(\n" +" url.hostname, 443, ssl=True)\n" +" else:\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(\n" +" url.hostname, 80)\n" +"\n" +" query = (\n" +" f\"HEAD {url.path or '/'} HTTP/1.0\\r\\n\"\n" +" f\"Host: {url.hostname}\\r\\n\"\n" +" f\"\\r\\n\"\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +" writer.write(query.encode('latin-1'))\n" +" while True:\n" +" line = await reader.readline()\n" +" if not line:\n" +" break\n" +"\n" +" line = line.decode('latin1').rstrip()\n" +" if line:\n" +" print(f'HTTP header> {line}')\n" +"\n" +" # Ignore the body, close the socket\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +"url = sys.argv[1]\n" +"asyncio.run(print_http_headers(url))" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import urllib.parse\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"async def print_http_headers(url):\n" +" url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)\n" +" if url.scheme == 'https':\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(\n" +" url.hostname, 443, ssl=True)\n" +" else:\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(\n" +" url.hostname, 80)\n" +"\n" +" query = (\n" +" f\"HEAD {url.path or '/'} HTTP/1.0\\r\\n\"\n" +" f\"Host: {url.hostname}\\r\\n\"\n" +" f\"\\r\\n\"\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +" writer.write(query.encode('latin-1'))\n" +" while True:\n" +" line = await reader.readline()\n" +" if not line:\n" +" break\n" +"\n" +" line = line.decode('latin1').rstrip()\n" +" if line:\n" +" print(f'HTTP header> {line}')\n" +"\n" +" # Ignore the body, close the socket\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +"url = sys.argv[1]\n" +"asyncio.run(print_http_headers(url))" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:530 +msgid "Usage::" +msgstr "用法：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:532 +msgid "python example.py http://example.com/path/page.html" +msgstr "python example.py http://example.com/path/page.html" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:534 +msgid "or with HTTPS::" +msgstr "或使用 HTTPS::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:536 +msgid "python example.py https://example.com/path/page.html" +msgstr "python example.py https://example.com/path/page.html" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:542 +msgid "Register an open socket to wait for data using streams" +msgstr "注册一个打开的套接字以等待使用流的数据" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Coroutine waiting until a socket receives data using the " +":func:`open_connection` function::" +msgstr "使用 :func:`open_connection` 函数实现等待直到套接字接收到数据的协程::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:547 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"async def wait_for_data():\n" +" # Get a reference to the current event loop because\n" +" # we want to access low-level APIs.\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" # Create a pair of connected sockets.\n" +" rsock, wsock = socket.socketpair()\n" +"\n" +" # Register the open socket to wait for data.\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(sock=rsock)\n" +"\n" +" # Simulate the reception of data from the network\n" +" loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())\n" +"\n" +" # Wait for data\n" +" data = await reader.read(100)\n" +"\n" +" # Got data, we are done: close the socket\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +" # Close the second socket\n" +" wsock.close()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(wait_for_data())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"async def wait_for_data():\n" +" # 获取一个指向当前事件循环的引用\n" +" # 因为我们想要访问低层级的 API。\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +"\n" +" # 创建一对已接连的套接字。\n" +" rsock, wsock = socket.socketpair()\n" +"\n" +" # 注册打开的套接字以等待数据。\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(sock=rsock)\n" +"\n" +" # 模拟从网络接收数据\n" +" loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())\n" +"\n" +" # 等待数据\n" +" data = await reader.read(100)\n" +"\n" +" # 获得数据，我们已完成：关闭套接字\n" +" print(\"Received:\", data.decode())\n" +" writer.close()\n" +" await writer.wait_closed()\n" +"\n" +" # 关闭第二个套接字\n" +" wsock.close()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(wait_for_data())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:579 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`register an open socket to wait for data using a protocol " +"` example uses a low-level protocol and " +"the :meth:`loop.create_connection` method." +msgstr "" +"使用低层级协议以及 :meth:`loop.create_connection` 方法的 :ref:`注册一个打开的套接字以等待使用协议的数据 " +"` 示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-stream.rst:583 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`watch a file descriptor for read events " +"` example uses the low-level " +":meth:`loop.add_reader` method to watch a file descriptor." +msgstr "" +"使用低层级的 :meth:`loop.add_reader` 方法来监视文件描述符的 :ref:`监视文件描述符以读取事件 " +"` 示例。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-subprocess.po b/library/asyncio-subprocess.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86863d9ba --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-subprocess.po @@ -0,0 +1,631 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:7 +msgid "Subprocesses" +msgstr "子进程集" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:9 +msgid "" +"**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/subprocess.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py`" +msgstr "" +"**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/subprocess.py`, " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This section describes high-level async/await asyncio APIs to create and " +"manage subprocesses." +msgstr "本节介绍了用于创建和管理子进程的高层级 async/await asyncio API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of how asyncio can run a shell command and obtain its " +"result::" +msgstr "下面的例子演示了如何用 asyncio 运行一个 shell 命令并获取其结果::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:22 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def run(cmd):\n" +" proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(\n" +" cmd,\n" +" stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,\n" +" stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE)\n" +"\n" +" stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()\n" +"\n" +" print(f'[{cmd!r} exited with {proc.returncode}]')\n" +" if stdout:\n" +" print(f'[stdout]\\n{stdout.decode()}')\n" +" if stderr:\n" +" print(f'[stderr]\\n{stderr.decode()}')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(run('ls /zzz'))" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def run(cmd):\n" +" proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(\n" +" cmd,\n" +" stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,\n" +" stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE)\n" +"\n" +" stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()\n" +"\n" +" print(f'[{cmd!r} exited with {proc.returncode}]')\n" +" if stdout:\n" +" print(f'[stdout]\\n{stdout.decode()}')\n" +" if stderr:\n" +" print(f'[stderr]\\n{stderr.decode()}')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(run('ls /zzz'))" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:40 +msgid "will print::" +msgstr "将打印::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:42 +msgid "" +"['ls /zzz' exited with 1]\n" +"[stderr]\n" +"ls: /zzz: No such file or directory" +msgstr "" +"['ls /zzz' exited with 1]\n" +"[stderr]\n" +"ls: /zzz: No such file or directory" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Because all asyncio subprocess functions are asynchronous and asyncio " +"provides many tools to work with such functions, it is easy to execute and " +"monitor multiple subprocesses in parallel. It is indeed trivial to modify " +"the above example to run several commands simultaneously::" +msgstr "" +"由于所有 asyncio 子进程函数都是异步的并且 asyncio 提供了许多工具用来配合这些函数使用，因此并行地执行和监视多个子进程十分容易。 " +"要修改上面的例子来同时运行多个命令确实是非常简单的::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:51 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.gather(\n" +" run('ls /zzz'),\n" +" run('sleep 1; echo \"hello\"'))\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.gather(\n" +" run('ls /zzz'),\n" +" run('sleep 1; echo \"hello\"'))\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:58 +msgid "See also the `Examples`_ subsection." +msgstr "另请参阅 `Examples`_ 小节。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:62 +msgid "Creating Subprocesses" +msgstr "创建子进程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:68 +msgid "Create a subprocess." +msgstr "创建一个子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:70 +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:89 +msgid "" +"The *limit* argument sets the buffer limit for :class:`StreamReader` " +"wrappers for :attr:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.stdout` and " +":attr:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.stderr` (if :const:`subprocess.PIPE` is " +"passed to *stdout* and *stderr* arguments)." +msgstr "" +"*limit* 参数为 :attr:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.stdout` 和 " +":attr:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.stderr` 设置 :class:`StreamReader` " +"包装器的缓冲区上限（如果将 :const:`subprocess.PIPE` 传给 *stdout* 和 *stderr* 参数）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:74 +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:93 +msgid "Return a :class:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process` instance." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:76 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` for other parameters." +msgstr "有关其他形参的说明请查阅 :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec` 的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:79 +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:107 +msgid "Removed the *loop* parameter." +msgstr "移除了 *loop* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:87 +msgid "Run the *cmd* shell command." +msgstr "运行 *cmd* shell 命令。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:95 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` for other parameters." +msgstr "有关其他形参的说明请查阅 :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell` 的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:100 +msgid "" +"It is the application's responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and " +"special characters are quoted appropriately to avoid `shell injection " +"`_ " +"vulnerabilities. The :func:`shlex.quote` function can be used to properly " +"escape whitespace and special shell characters in strings that are going to " +"be used to construct shell commands." +msgstr "" +"应用程序要负责确保正确地转义所有空白字符和特殊字符以防止 `shell 注入 " +"`_ 漏洞。 " +":func:`shlex.quote` 函数可以被用来正确地转义字符串中可以被用来构造 shell 命令的空白字符和特殊 shell 字符。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Subprocesses are available for Windows if a :class:`ProactorEventLoop` is " +"used. See :ref:`Subprocess Support on Windows ` " +"for details." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :class:`ProactorEventLoop` 则子进程将在 Windows 中可用。 详情参见 :ref:`Windows " +"上的子进程支持 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:118 +msgid "" +"asyncio also has the following *low-level* APIs to work with subprocesses: " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`, :meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`, " +":meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`, :meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe`, as well as " +"the :ref:`Subprocess Transports ` and " +":ref:`Subprocess Protocols `." +msgstr "" +"asyncio 还有下列 *低层级* API 可配合子进程使用: :meth:`loop.subprocess_exec`, " +":meth:`loop.subprocess_shell`, :meth:`loop.connect_read_pipe`, " +":meth:`loop.connect_write_pipe` 以及 :ref:`子进程传输 ` 和 :ref:`子进程协议 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:126 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:131 +msgid "Can be passed to the *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr* parameters." +msgstr "可以被传递给 *stdin*, *stdout* 或 *stderr* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:133 +msgid "" +"If *PIPE* is passed to *stdin* argument, the :attr:`Process.stdin " +"` attribute will point to a " +":class:`~asyncio.StreamWriter` instance." +msgstr "" +"如果将 *PIPE* 传给 *stdin* 参数，则 :attr:`Process.stdin " +"` 属性将指向一个 :class:`~asyncio.StreamWriter` " +"实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:137 +msgid "" +"If *PIPE* is passed to *stdout* or *stderr* arguments, the " +":attr:`Process.stdout ` and " +":attr:`Process.stderr ` attributes will " +"point to :class:`~asyncio.StreamReader` instances." +msgstr "" +"如果将 *PIPE* 传给 *stdout* 或 *stderr* 参数，则 :attr:`Process.stdout " +"` 和 :attr:`Process.stderr " +"` 属性将指向 :class:`~asyncio.StreamReader` " +"实例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Special value that can be used as the *stderr* argument and indicates that " +"standard error should be redirected into standard output." +msgstr "可以用作 *stderr* 参数的特殊值，表示标准错误应当被重定向到标准输出。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Special value that can be used as the *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr* argument" +" to process creation functions. It indicates that the special file " +":data:`os.devnull` will be used for the corresponding subprocess stream." +msgstr "" +"可以用作 *stdin*, *stdout* 或 *stderr* 参数来处理创建函数的特殊值。 它表示将为相应的子进程流使用特殊文件 " +":data:`os.devnull`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:157 +msgid "Interacting with Subprocesses" +msgstr "与子进程交互" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Both :func:`create_subprocess_exec` and :func:`create_subprocess_shell` " +"functions return instances of the *Process* class. *Process* is a high-" +"level wrapper that allows communicating with subprocesses and watching for " +"their completion." +msgstr "" +":func:`create_subprocess_exec` 和 :func:`create_subprocess_shell` 函数都返回 " +"*Process* 类的实例。 *Process* 是一个高层级包装器，它允许与子进程通信并监视其完成情况。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:167 +msgid "" +"An object that wraps OS processes created by the " +":func:`~asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` and " +":func:`~asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` functions." +msgstr "" +"一个用于包装由 :func:`~asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` 和 " +":func:`~asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` 函数创建的 OS 进程的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:171 +msgid "" +"This class is designed to have a similar API to the " +":class:`subprocess.Popen` class, but there are some notable differences:" +msgstr "这个类被设计为具有与 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 类相似的 API，但两者有一些重要的差异:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:175 +msgid "" +"unlike Popen, Process instances do not have an equivalent to the " +":meth:`~subprocess.Popen.poll` method;" +msgstr "不同于 Popen，Process 实例没有与 :meth:`~subprocess.Popen.poll` 方法等价的方法；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:178 +msgid "" +"the :meth:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.communicate` and " +":meth:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.wait` methods don't have a *timeout* " +"parameter: use the :func:`~asyncio.wait_for` function;" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.communicate` 和 " +":meth:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.wait` 方法没有 *timeout* 形参：请使用 " +":func:`~asyncio.wait_for` 函数；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:182 +msgid "" +"the :meth:`Process.wait() ` method is " +"asynchronous, whereas :meth:`subprocess.Popen.wait` method is implemented as" +" a blocking busy loop;" +msgstr "" +":meth:`Process.wait() ` 方法是异步的，而 " +":meth:`subprocess.Popen.wait` 方法则被实现为阻塞型忙循环；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:186 +msgid "the *universal_newlines* parameter is not supported." +msgstr "*universal_newlines* 形参不被支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:188 +msgid "This class is :ref:`not thread safe `." +msgstr "这个类不是线程安全的（:ref:`not thread safe `）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:190 +msgid "" +"See also the :ref:`Subprocess and Threads ` " +"section." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`子进程和线程 ` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:196 +msgid "Wait for the child process to terminate." +msgstr "等待子进程终结。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:198 +msgid "Set and return the :attr:`returncode` attribute." +msgstr "设置并返回 :attr:`returncode` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:202 +msgid "" +"This method can deadlock when using ``stdout=PIPE`` or ``stderr=PIPE`` and " +"the child process generates so much output that it blocks waiting for the OS" +" pipe buffer to accept more data. Use the :meth:`communicate` method when " +"using pipes to avoid this condition." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``stdout=PIPE`` 或 ``stderr=PIPE`` 并且子进程产生了足以阻塞 OS " +"管道缓冲区等待接收更多的数据的输出时，此方法会发生死锁。 当使用管道时请使用 :meth:`communicate` 方法来避免这种情况。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:211 +msgid "Interact with process:" +msgstr "与进程交互:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:213 +msgid "send data to *stdin* (if *input* is not ``None``);" +msgstr "发送数据到 *stdin* (如果 *input* 不为 ``None``)；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:214 +msgid "closes *stdin*;" +msgstr "关闭 *stdin*;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:215 +msgid "read data from *stdout* and *stderr*, until EOF is reached;" +msgstr "从 *stdout* 和 *stderr* 读取数据，直至到达 EOF；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:216 +msgid "wait for process to terminate." +msgstr "等待进程终结。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:218 +msgid "" +"The optional *input* argument is the data (:class:`bytes` object) that will " +"be sent to the child process." +msgstr "可选的 *input* 参数为将被发送到子进程的数据 (:class:`bytes` 对象)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:221 +msgid "Return a tuple ``(stdout_data, stderr_data)``." +msgstr "返回一个元组 ``(stdout_data, stderr_data)``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:223 +msgid "" +"If either :exc:`BrokenPipeError` or :exc:`ConnectionResetError` exception is" +" raised when writing *input* into *stdin*, the exception is ignored. This " +"condition occurs when the process exits before all data are written into " +"*stdin*." +msgstr "" +"如果在将 *input* 写入到 *stdin* 时引发了 :exc:`BrokenPipeError` 或 " +":exc:`ConnectionResetError` 异常，异常会被忽略。 此条件会在进程先于所有数据被写入到 *stdin* 之前退出时发生。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:228 +msgid "" +"If it is desired to send data to the process' *stdin*, the process needs to " +"be created with ``stdin=PIPE``. Similarly, to get anything other than " +"``None`` in the result tuple, the process has to be created with " +"``stdout=PIPE`` and/or ``stderr=PIPE`` arguments." +msgstr "" +"如果想要将数据发送到进程的 *stdin*，则创建进程时必须使用 ``stdin=PIPE``。 类似地，要在结果元组中获得任何不为 ``None`` " +"的值，则创建进程时必须使用 ``stdout=PIPE`` 和/或 ``stderr=PIPE`` 参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Note, that the data read is buffered in memory, so do not use this method if" +" the data size is large or unlimited." +msgstr "注意，数据读取在内存中是带缓冲的，因此如果数据量过大或不受则不要使用此方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:239 +msgid "*stdin* gets closed when ``input=None`` too." +msgstr "*stdin* 在 `input=None` 时也会被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:243 +msgid "Sends the signal *signal* to the child process." +msgstr "将信号 *signal* 发送给子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:247 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` is an alias for :meth:`terminate`. " +"``CTRL_C_EVENT`` and ``CTRL_BREAK_EVENT`` can be sent to processes started " +"with a *creationflags* parameter which includes " +"``CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` 是 :meth:`terminate` 的别名。 " +"``CTRL_C_EVENT`` 和 ``CTRL_BREAK_EVENT`` 可被发送给启动时带有 *creationflags* 形参且其中包括 " +"``CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP`` 的进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:254 +msgid "Stop the child process." +msgstr "停止子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:256 +msgid "" +"On POSIX systems this method sends :py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` to the child " +"process." +msgstr "在 POSIX 系统上此方法会发送 :py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` 给子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:259 +msgid "" +"On Windows the Win32 API function :c:func:`!TerminateProcess` is called to " +"stop the child process." +msgstr "在 Windows 上会调用 Win32 API 函数 :c:func:`!TerminateProcess` 来停止子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:264 +msgid "Kill the child process." +msgstr "杀掉子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:266 +msgid "" +"On POSIX systems this method sends :py:data:`~signal.SIGKILL` to the child " +"process." +msgstr "在 POSIX 系统中此方法会发送 :py:data:`~signal.SIGKILL` 给子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:269 +msgid "On Windows this method is an alias for :meth:`terminate`." +msgstr "在 Windows 上此方法是 :meth:`terminate` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Standard input stream (:class:`~asyncio.StreamWriter`) or ``None`` if the " +"process was created with ``stdin=None``." +msgstr "" +"标准输入流 (:class:`~asyncio.StreamWriter`) 或者如果进程创建时设置了 ``stdin=None`` 则为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Standard output stream (:class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`) or ``None`` if the " +"process was created with ``stdout=None``." +msgstr "" +"标准输出流 (:class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`) 或者如果进程创建时设置了 ``stdout=None`` 则为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Standard error stream (:class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`) or ``None`` if the " +"process was created with ``stderr=None``." +msgstr "" +"标准错误流 (:class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`) 或者如果进程创建时设置了 ``stderr=None`` 则为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Use the :meth:`communicate` method rather than :attr:`process.stdin.write() " +"`, :attr:`await process.stdout.read() ` or :attr:`await " +"process.stderr.read() `. This avoids deadlocks due to streams " +"pausing reading or writing and blocking the child process." +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`communicate` 方法而非 :attr:`process.stdin.write() `, " +":attr:`await process.stdout.read() ` 或 :attr:`await " +"process.stderr.read() `。 这可以避免由于流暂停读取或写入并阻塞子进程而导致的死锁。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:297 +msgid "Process identification number (PID)." +msgstr "进程标识号（PID）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Note that for processes created by the " +":func:`~asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` function, this attribute is the PID" +" of the spawned shell." +msgstr "" +"请注意对于由 :func:`~asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` 函数所创建的进程，这个属性将是所生成的 shell 的 " +"PID。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:304 +msgid "Return code of the process when it exits." +msgstr "当进程退出时返回其代号。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:306 +msgid "A ``None`` value indicates that the process has not terminated yet." +msgstr "``None`` 值表示进程尚未终止。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:308 +msgid "" +"A negative value ``-N`` indicates that the child was terminated by signal " +"``N`` (POSIX only)." +msgstr "一个负值 ``-N`` 表示子进程被信号 ``N`` 中断 (仅 POSIX)." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:315 +msgid "Subprocess and Threads" +msgstr "子进程和线程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:317 +msgid "" +"Standard asyncio event loop supports running subprocesses from different " +"threads by default." +msgstr "标准 asyncio 事件循环默认支持从不同线程中运行子进程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:320 +msgid "" +"On Windows subprocesses are provided by :class:`ProactorEventLoop` only " +"(default), :class:`SelectorEventLoop` has no subprocess support." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上子进程（默认）只由 :class:`ProactorEventLoop` " +"提供，:class:`SelectorEventLoop` 没有子进程支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:323 +msgid "" +"On UNIX *child watchers* are used for subprocess finish waiting, see " +":ref:`asyncio-watchers` for more info." +msgstr "在 UNIX 上会使用 *child watchers* 来让子进程结束等待，详情请参阅 :ref:`asyncio-watchers`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:329 +msgid "" +"UNIX switched to use :class:`ThreadedChildWatcher` for spawning subprocesses" +" from different threads without any limitation." +msgstr "UNIX 对于从不同线程中无限制地生成子进程会切换为使用 :class:`ThreadedChildWatcher`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Spawning a subprocess with *inactive* current child watcher raises " +":exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "使用 *不活动的* 当前子监视器生成子进程将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Note that alternative event loop implementations might have own limitations;" +" please refer to their documentation." +msgstr "请注意其他的事件循环实现可能有其本身的限制；请查看它们各自的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:340 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`Concurrency and multithreading in asyncio ` section." +msgstr ":ref:`asyncio 中的并发和多线程 ` 章节。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:345 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:347 +msgid "" +"An example using the :class:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process` class to control a" +" subprocess and the :class:`StreamReader` class to read from its standard " +"output." +msgstr "" +"一个使用 :class:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process` 类来控制子进程并用 :class:`StreamReader` " +"类来从其标准输出读取信息的示例。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:353 +msgid "" +"The subprocess is created by the :func:`create_subprocess_exec` function::" +msgstr "这个子进程是由 :func:`create_subprocess_exec` 函数创建的::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:356 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"async def get_date():\n" +" code = 'import datetime; print(datetime.datetime.now())'\n" +"\n" +" # Create the subprocess; redirect the standard output\n" +" # into a pipe.\n" +" proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(\n" +" sys.executable, '-c', code,\n" +" stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE)\n" +"\n" +" # Read one line of output.\n" +" data = await proc.stdout.readline()\n" +" line = data.decode('ascii').rstrip()\n" +"\n" +" # Wait for the subprocess exit.\n" +" await proc.wait()\n" +" return line\n" +"\n" +"date = asyncio.run(get_date())\n" +"print(f\"Current date: {date}\")" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"async def get_date():\n" +" code = 'import datetime; print(datetime.datetime.now())'\n" +"\n" +" # 创建子进程；重定向标准输出\n" +" # 至一个管道中。\n" +" proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(\n" +" sys.executable, '-c', code,\n" +" stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE)\n" +"\n" +" # 读取一行输出。\n" +" data = await proc.stdout.readline()\n" +" line = data.decode('ascii').rstrip()\n" +"\n" +" # 等待子进程退出。\n" +" await proc.wait()\n" +" return line\n" +"\n" +"date = asyncio.run(get_date())\n" +"print(f\"Current date: {date}\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-subprocess.rst:380 +msgid "" +"See also the :ref:`same example ` written " +"using low-level APIs." +msgstr "另请参阅使用低层级 API 编写的 :ref:`相同示例 `。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-sync.po b/library/asyncio-sync.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6a3c7a7b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-sync.po @@ -0,0 +1,743 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# TX Lee , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:7 +msgid "Synchronization Primitives" +msgstr "同步原语" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/locks.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/locks.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:13 +msgid "" +"asyncio synchronization primitives are designed to be similar to those of " +"the :mod:`threading` module with two important caveats:" +msgstr "asyncio 同步原语被设计为与 :mod:`threading` 模块的类似，但有两个关键注意事项:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:16 +msgid "" +"asyncio primitives are not thread-safe, therefore they should not be used " +"for OS thread synchronization (use :mod:`threading` for that);" +msgstr "asyncio 原语不是线程安全的，因此它们不应被用于 OS 线程同步 (而应当使用 :mod:`threading`)；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:20 +msgid "" +"methods of these synchronization primitives do not accept the *timeout* " +"argument; use the :func:`asyncio.wait_for` function to perform operations " +"with timeouts." +msgstr "这些同步原语的方法不接受 *timeout* 参数；请使用 :func:`asyncio.wait_for` 函数来执行带有超时的操作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:24 +msgid "asyncio has the following basic synchronization primitives:" +msgstr "asyncio 具有下列基本同步原语:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:26 +msgid ":class:`Lock`" +msgstr ":class:`Lock`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:27 +msgid ":class:`Event`" +msgstr ":class:`Event`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:28 +msgid ":class:`Condition`" +msgstr ":class:`Condition`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:29 +msgid ":class:`Semaphore`" +msgstr ":class:`Semaphore`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:30 +msgid ":class:`BoundedSemaphore`" +msgstr ":class:`BoundedSemaphore`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:31 +msgid ":class:`Barrier`" +msgstr ":class:`Barrier`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:38 +msgid "Lock" +msgstr "Lock" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:42 +msgid "Implements a mutex lock for asyncio tasks. Not thread-safe." +msgstr "实现一个用于 asyncio 任务的互斥锁。 非线程安全。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:44 +msgid "" +"An asyncio lock can be used to guarantee exclusive access to a shared " +"resource." +msgstr "asyncio 锁可被用来保证对共享资源的独占访问。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:47 +msgid "" +"The preferred way to use a Lock is an :keyword:`async with` statement::" +msgstr "使用 Lock 的推荐方式是通过 :keyword:`async with` 语句::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:50 +msgid "" +"lock = asyncio.Lock()\n" +"\n" +"# ... later\n" +"async with lock:\n" +" # access shared state" +msgstr "" +"lock = asyncio.Lock()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 稍后\n" +"async with lock:\n" +" # 访问共享状态" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:56 ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:199 +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:304 +msgid "which is equivalent to::" +msgstr "这等价于::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:58 +msgid "" +"lock = asyncio.Lock()\n" +"\n" +"# ... later\n" +"await lock.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" # access shared state\n" +"finally:\n" +" lock.release()" +msgstr "" +"lock = asyncio.Lock()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 稍后\n" +"await lock.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" # 访问共享状态\n" +"finally:\n" +" lock.release()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:67 ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:112 +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:187 ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:292 +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:347 +msgid "Removed the *loop* parameter." +msgstr "移除了 *loop* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:72 +msgid "Acquire the lock." +msgstr "获取锁。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:74 +msgid "" +"This method waits until the lock is *unlocked*, sets it to *locked* and " +"returns ``True``." +msgstr "此方法会等待直至锁为 *unlocked*，将其设为 *locked* 并返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:77 +msgid "" +"When more than one coroutine is blocked in :meth:`acquire` waiting for the " +"lock to be unlocked, only one coroutine eventually proceeds." +msgstr "当有一个以上的协程在 :meth:`acquire` 中被阻塞则会等待解锁，最终只有一个协程会被执行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Acquiring a lock is *fair*: the coroutine that proceeds will be the first " +"coroutine that started waiting on the lock." +msgstr "锁的获取是 *公平的*: 被执行的协程将是第一个开始等待锁的协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:86 +msgid "Release the lock." +msgstr "释放锁。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:88 +msgid "When the lock is *locked*, reset it to *unlocked* and return." +msgstr "当锁为 *locked* 时，将其设为 *unlocked* 并返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:90 +msgid "If the lock is *unlocked*, a :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised." +msgstr "如果锁为 *unlocked*，则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:94 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the lock is *locked*." +msgstr "如果锁为 *locked* 则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:98 +msgid "Event" +msgstr "Event" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:102 +msgid "An event object. Not thread-safe." +msgstr "事件对象。 该对象不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:104 +msgid "" +"An asyncio event can be used to notify multiple asyncio tasks that some " +"event has happened." +msgstr "asyncio 事件可被用来通知多个 asyncio 任务已经有事件发生。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:107 +msgid "" +"An Event object manages an internal flag that can be set to *true* with the " +":meth:`~Event.set` method and reset to *false* with the :meth:`clear` " +"method. The :meth:`~Event.wait` method blocks until the flag is set to " +"*true*. The flag is set to *false* initially." +msgstr "" +"Event 对象会管理一个内部旗标，可通过 :meth:`~Event.set` 方法将其设为 *true* 并通过 :meth:`clear` " +"方法将其重设为 *false*。 :meth:`~Event.wait` 方法会阻塞直至该旗标被设为 *true*。 该旗标初始时会被设为 " +"*false*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:117 ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:371 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:119 +msgid "" +"async def waiter(event):\n" +" print('waiting for it ...')\n" +" await event.wait()\n" +" print('... got it!')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Create an Event object.\n" +" event = asyncio.Event()\n" +"\n" +" # Spawn a Task to wait until 'event' is set.\n" +" waiter_task = asyncio.create_task(waiter(event))\n" +"\n" +" # Sleep for 1 second and set the event.\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" event.set()\n" +"\n" +" # Wait until the waiter task is finished.\n" +" await waiter_task\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"async def waiter(event):\n" +" print('waiting for it ...')\n" +" await event.wait()\n" +" print('... got it!')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 创建一个 Event 对象。\n" +" event = asyncio.Event()\n" +"\n" +" # 产生一个任务等待直到 'event' 被设置。\n" +" waiter_task = asyncio.create_task(waiter(event))\n" +"\n" +" # 休眠 1 秒钟并设置事件。\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" event.set()\n" +"\n" +" # 等待直到 waiter 任务完成。\n" +" await waiter_task\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:142 +msgid "Wait until the event is set." +msgstr "等待直至事件被设置。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:144 +msgid "" +"If the event is set, return ``True`` immediately. Otherwise block until " +"another task calls :meth:`~Event.set`." +msgstr "如果事件已被设置，则立即返回 ``True``。 否则将阻塞直至另一个任务调用 :meth:`~Event.set`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:149 +msgid "Set the event." +msgstr "设置事件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:151 +msgid "All tasks waiting for event to be set will be immediately awakened." +msgstr "所有等待事件被设置的任务将被立即唤醒。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:156 +msgid "Clear (unset) the event." +msgstr "清空（取消设置）事件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Tasks awaiting on :meth:`~Event.wait` will now block until the " +":meth:`~Event.set` method is called again." +msgstr "通过 :meth:`~Event.wait` 进行等待的任务现在将会阻塞直至 :meth:`~Event.set` 方法被再次调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:163 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the event is set." +msgstr "如果事件已被设置则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:167 +msgid "Condition" +msgstr "Condition" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:171 +msgid "A Condition object. Not thread-safe." +msgstr "条件对象。 该对象不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:173 +msgid "" +"An asyncio condition primitive can be used by a task to wait for some event " +"to happen and then get exclusive access to a shared resource." +msgstr "asyncio 条件原语可被任务用于等待某个事件发生，然后获取对共享资源的独占访问。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:177 +msgid "" +"In essence, a Condition object combines the functionality of an " +":class:`Event` and a :class:`Lock`. It is possible to have multiple " +"Condition objects share one Lock, which allows coordinating exclusive access" +" to a shared resource between different tasks interested in particular " +"states of that shared resource." +msgstr "" +"在本质上，Condition 对象合并了 :class:`Event` 和 :class:`Lock` 的功能。 多个 Condition " +"对象有可能共享一个 Lock，这允许关注于共享资源的特定状态的不同任务实现对共享资源的协同独占访问。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:183 +msgid "" +"The optional *lock* argument must be a :class:`Lock` object or ``None``. In" +" the latter case a new Lock object is created automatically." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *lock* 参数必须为 :class:`Lock` 对象或 ``None``。 在后一种情况下会自动创建一个新的 Lock 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:190 +msgid "" +"The preferred way to use a Condition is an :keyword:`async with` statement::" +msgstr "使用 Condition 的推荐方式是通过 :keyword:`async with` 语句::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:193 +msgid "" +"cond = asyncio.Condition()\n" +"\n" +"# ... later\n" +"async with cond:\n" +" await cond.wait()" +msgstr "" +"cond = asyncio.Condition()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 稍后\n" +"async with cond:\n" +" await cond.wait()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:201 +msgid "" +"cond = asyncio.Condition()\n" +"\n" +"# ... later\n" +"await cond.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" await cond.wait()\n" +"finally:\n" +" cond.release()" +msgstr "" +"cond = asyncio.Condition()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 稍后\n" +"await cond.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" await cond.wait()\n" +"finally:\n" +" cond.release()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:212 +msgid "Acquire the underlying lock." +msgstr "获取下层的锁。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:214 +msgid "" +"This method waits until the underlying lock is *unlocked*, sets it to " +"*locked* and returns ``True``." +msgstr "此方法会等待直至下层的锁为 *unlocked*，将其设为 *locked* 并返回 returns ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Wake up *n* tasks (1 by default) waiting on this condition. If fewer than " +"*n* tasks are waiting they are all awakened." +msgstr "" +"唤醒正在等待此条件的 *n* 个任务（默认 1 个）。 如果正在等待的任务少于 *n* 个则它们都将被唤醒。tasks are waiting they" +" are all awakened." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:222 ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:237 +msgid "" +"The lock must be acquired before this method is called and released shortly " +"after. If called with an *unlocked* lock a :exc:`RuntimeError` error is " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"锁必须在此方法被调用前被获取并在随后被快速释放。 如果通过一个 *unlocked* 锁调用则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:228 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the underlying lock is acquired." +msgstr "如果下层的锁已被获取则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:232 +msgid "Wake up all tasks waiting on this condition." +msgstr "唤醒所有正在等待此条件的任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:234 +msgid "This method acts like :meth:`notify`, but wakes up all waiting tasks." +msgstr "此方法的行为类似于 :meth:`notify`，但会唤醒所有正在等待的任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:243 +msgid "Release the underlying lock." +msgstr "释放下层的锁。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:245 +msgid "When invoked on an unlocked lock, a :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised." +msgstr "当在未锁定的锁上唤起时，会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:250 +msgid "Wait until notified." +msgstr "等待直至收到通知。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:252 +msgid "" +"If the calling task has not acquired the lock when this method is called, a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised." +msgstr "当此方法被调用时如果调用方任务未获得锁，则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:255 +msgid "" +"This method releases the underlying lock, and then blocks until it is " +"awakened by a :meth:`notify` or :meth:`notify_all` call. Once awakened, the " +"Condition re-acquires its lock and this method returns ``True``." +msgstr "" +"这个方法会释放下层的锁，然后保持阻塞直到被 :meth:`notify` 或 :meth:`notify_all` 调用所唤醒。 " +"一旦被唤醒，Condition 会重新获取它的锁并且此方法将返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Note that a task *may* return from this call spuriously, which is why the " +"caller should always re-check the state and be prepared to " +":meth:`~Condition.wait` again. For this reason, you may prefer to use " +":meth:`~Condition.wait_for` instead." +msgstr "" +"请注意一个任务 *有可能* 虚假地从此调用返回，这就是为什么调用者总是应当重新检查状态并准备好再次执行 :meth:`~Condition.wait`。" +" 出于此理由，你可能会倾向于改用 :meth:`~Condition.wait_for`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:267 +msgid "Wait until a predicate becomes *true*." +msgstr "等待直到目标值变为 *true*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The predicate must be a callable which result will be interpreted as a " +"boolean value. The method will repeatedly :meth:`~Condition.wait` until the" +" predicate evaluates to *true*. The final value is the return value." +msgstr "" +"目标必须为一个可调用对象，其结果将被解读为一个布尔值。 此方法将重复地执行 :meth:`~Condition.wait` 直到目标被求值为 *真*。 " +"最终的值将被作为返回值。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:276 +msgid "Semaphore" +msgstr "Semaphore" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:280 +msgid "A Semaphore object. Not thread-safe." +msgstr "信号量对象。 该对象不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:282 +msgid "" +"A semaphore manages an internal counter which is decremented by each " +":meth:`acquire` call and incremented by each :meth:`release` call. The " +"counter can never go below zero; when :meth:`acquire` finds that it is zero," +" it blocks, waiting until some task calls :meth:`release`." +msgstr "" +"信号量会管理一个内部计数器，该计数器会随每次 :meth:`acquire` 调用递减并随每次 :meth:`release` 调用递增。 " +"计数器的值永远不会降到零以下；当 :meth:`acquire` 发现其值为零时，它将保持阻塞直到有某个任务调用了 :meth:`release`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:288 +msgid "" +"The optional *value* argument gives the initial value for the internal " +"counter (``1`` by default). If the given value is less than ``0`` a " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *value* 参数用来为内部计数器赋初始值 (默认值为 ``1``)。 如果给定的值小于 ``0`` 则会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:295 +msgid "" +"The preferred way to use a Semaphore is an :keyword:`async with` statement::" +msgstr "使用 Semaphore 的推荐方式是通过 :keyword:`async with` 语句。::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:298 +msgid "" +"sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)\n" +"\n" +"# ... later\n" +"async with sem:\n" +" # work with shared resource" +msgstr "" +"sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)\n" +"\n" +"# ... 稍后\n" +"async with sem:\n" +" # 操作共享的资源" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:306 +msgid "" +"sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)\n" +"\n" +"# ... later\n" +"await sem.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" # work with shared resource\n" +"finally:\n" +" sem.release()" +msgstr "" +"sem = asyncio.Semaphore(10)\n" +"\n" +"# ... 稍后\n" +"await sem.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" # 操作共享的资源\n" +"finally:\n" +" sem.release()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:317 +msgid "Acquire a semaphore." +msgstr "获取一个信号量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:319 +msgid "" +"If the internal counter is greater than zero, decrement it by one and return" +" ``True`` immediately. If it is zero, wait until a :meth:`release` is " +"called and return ``True``." +msgstr "" +"如果内部计数器的值大于零，则将其减一并立即返回 ``True``。 如果其值为零，则会等待直到 :meth:`release` 并调用并返回 " +"``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:325 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if semaphore can not be acquired immediately." +msgstr "如果信号量对象无法被立即获取则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Release a semaphore, incrementing the internal counter by one. Can wake up a" +" task waiting to acquire the semaphore." +msgstr "释放一个信号量对象，将内部计数器的值加一。 可以唤醒一个正在等待获取信号量对象的任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Unlike :class:`BoundedSemaphore`, :class:`Semaphore` allows making more " +"``release()`` calls than ``acquire()`` calls." +msgstr "" +"不同于 :class:`BoundedSemaphore`，:class:`Semaphore` 允许执行的 ``release()`` 调用多于 " +"``acquire()`` 调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:337 +msgid "BoundedSemaphore" +msgstr "BoundedSemaphore" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:341 +msgid "A bounded semaphore object. Not thread-safe." +msgstr "绑定的信号量对象。 该对象不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:343 +msgid "" +"Bounded Semaphore is a version of :class:`Semaphore` that raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` in :meth:`~Semaphore.release` if it increases the internal" +" counter above the initial *value*." +msgstr "" +"BoundedSemaphore 是特殊版本的 :class:`Semaphore`，如果在 :meth:`~Semaphore.release` " +"中内部计数器值增加到初始 *value* 以上它将引发一个 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:352 +msgid "Barrier" +msgstr "Barrier" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:356 +msgid "A barrier object. Not thread-safe." +msgstr "屏障对象。 该对象不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:358 +msgid "" +"A barrier is a simple synchronization primitive that allows to block until " +"*parties* number of tasks are waiting on it. Tasks can wait on the " +":meth:`~Barrier.wait` method and would be blocked until the specified number" +" of tasks end up waiting on :meth:`~Barrier.wait`. At that point all of the " +"waiting tasks would unblock simultaneously." +msgstr "" +"屏障是一个允许阻塞直到 *parties* 个任务在其上等待的简单同步原语。 任务可以在 :meth:`~Barrier.wait` " +"方法上等待并将被阻塞直到有指定数量的任务在 :meth:`~Barrier.wait` 上等待。 在那时所有正在等待的任务将同时撤销阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:364 +msgid "" +":keyword:`async with` can be used as an alternative to awaiting on " +":meth:`~Barrier.wait`." +msgstr ":keyword:`async with` 可以被用作在 :meth:`~Barrier.wait` 上等待的替代。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:367 +msgid "The barrier can be reused any number of times." +msgstr "屏障可被重复使用任意次数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:373 +msgid "" +"async def example_barrier():\n" +" # barrier with 3 parties\n" +" b = asyncio.Barrier(3)\n" +"\n" +" # create 2 new waiting tasks\n" +" asyncio.create_task(b.wait())\n" +" asyncio.create_task(b.wait())\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" print(b)\n" +"\n" +" # The third .wait() call passes the barrier\n" +" await b.wait()\n" +" print(b)\n" +" print(\"barrier passed\")\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" print(b)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(example_barrier())" +msgstr "" +"async def example_barrier():\n" +" # 包含三部分的屏障\n" +" b = asyncio.Barrier(3)\n" +"\n" +" # 新建 2 个等待任务\n" +" asyncio.create_task(b.wait())\n" +" asyncio.create_task(b.wait())\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" print(b)\n" +"\n" +" # 第三个 .wait() 调用通过屏障\n" +" await b.wait()\n" +" print(b)\n" +" print(\"barrier passed\")\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" print(b)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(example_barrier())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:394 +msgid "Result of this example is::" +msgstr "该示例的结果为::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:396 +msgid "" +"\n" +"\n" +"barrier passed\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"\n" +"\n" +"barrier passed\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Pass the barrier. When all the tasks party to the barrier have called this " +"function, they are all unblocked simultaneously." +msgstr "穿过屏障。 当屏障汇集的所有任务都调用了此函数时，它们将被同时撤销阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:408 +msgid "" +"When a waiting or blocked task in the barrier is cancelled, this task exits " +"the barrier which stays in the same state. If the state of the barrier is " +"\"filling\", the number of waiting task decreases by 1." +msgstr "当该屏障中等待或阻塞的任务被取消时，此任务将退出屏障而屏障将保持相同状态。 如果屏障的状态为 \"正在填充\"，则等待的任务数量将减 1。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:413 +msgid "" +"The return value is an integer in the range of 0 to ``parties-1``, different" +" for each task. This can be used to select a task to do some special " +"housekeeping, e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"返回值是一个 0 到 ``parties-1`` 之间的整数，对于每个任务来说各不相同。 这可被用来选择一个任务以执行某些特别的操作。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:417 +msgid "" +"...\n" +"async with barrier as position:\n" +" if position == 0:\n" +" # Only one task prints this\n" +" print('End of *draining phase*')" +msgstr "" +"...\n" +"async with barrier as position:\n" +" if position == 0:\n" +" # 只有一个任务会打印此内容\n" +" print('End of *draining phase*')" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:423 +msgid "" +"This method may raise a :class:`BrokenBarrierError` exception if the barrier" +" is broken or reset while a task is waiting. It could raise a " +":exc:`CancelledError` if a task is cancelled." +msgstr "" +"如果屏障在有任务在等待时已被破坏或重置则此方法可能会引发 :class:`BrokenBarrierError`。 如果有任务被取消则它可能会引发 " +":exc:`CancelledError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:429 +msgid "" +"Return the barrier to the default, empty state. Any tasks waiting on it " +"will receive the :class:`BrokenBarrierError` exception." +msgstr "将屏障返回为默认的空白状态。 任何正在其上等待的任务将会接收到 :class:`BrokenBarrierError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:432 +msgid "" +"If a barrier is broken it may be better to just leave it and create a new " +"one." +msgstr "如果屏障已被破坏则最好的是让其保持原状并创建一个新的屏障。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Put the barrier into a broken state. This causes any active or future calls" +" to :meth:`~Barrier.wait` to fail with the :class:`BrokenBarrierError`. Use " +"this for example if one of the tasks needs to abort, to avoid infinite " +"waiting tasks." +msgstr "" +"将屏障置为已破坏状态。 这会导致任何已激活或未来对 :meth:`~Barrier.wait` 的调用失败并引发 " +":class:`BrokenBarrierError`。 例如可以在需要中止某个任务时使用此方法，以避免无限等待任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:443 +msgid "The number of tasks required to pass the barrier." +msgstr "请求穿过该屏障的任务的数量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:447 +msgid "The number of tasks currently waiting in the barrier while filling." +msgstr "当执行填充时正在屏障中等待的任务的数量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:451 +msgid "A boolean that is ``True`` if the barrier is in the broken state." +msgstr "一个布尔值，值为 ``True`` 表明栅栏为破损态。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:456 +msgid "" +"This exception, a subclass of :exc:`RuntimeError`, is raised when the " +":class:`Barrier` object is reset or broken." +msgstr "" +"异常类，是 :exc:`RuntimeError` 异常的子类，在 :class:`Barrier` 对象重置时仍有线程阻塞时和对象进入破损态时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-sync.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Acquiring a lock using ``await lock`` or ``yield from lock`` and/or " +":keyword:`with` statement (``with await lock``, ``with (yield from lock)``) " +"was removed. Use ``async with lock`` instead." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``await lock`` 或 ``yield from lock`` 以及/或者 :keyword:`with` 语句 (``with " +"await lock``, ``with (yield from lock)``) 来获取锁的操作已被移除。 请改用 ``async with " +"lock``。" diff --git a/library/asyncio-task.po b/library/asyncio-task.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c03630bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio-task.po @@ -0,0 +1,2424 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Woko , 2021 +# techmoe , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# F-park, 2024 +# WH-2099 , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Pan Felix , 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:6 +msgid "Coroutines and Tasks" +msgstr "协程与任务" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:8 +msgid "" +"This section outlines high-level asyncio APIs to work with coroutines and " +"Tasks." +msgstr "本节将简述用于协程与任务的高层级 API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:19 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:148 +msgid "Coroutines" +msgstr "协程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:21 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/coroutines.py`" +msgstr "*源码：* :source:`Lib/asyncio/coroutines.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:25 +msgid "" +":term:`Coroutines ` declared with the async/await syntax is the " +"preferred way of writing asyncio applications. For example, the following " +"snippet of code prints \"hello\", waits 1 second, and then prints " +"\"world\"::" +msgstr "" +"通过 async/await 语法来声明 :term:`协程 ` 是编写 asyncio 应用的推荐方式。 例如，以下代码段会打印" +" \"hello\"，等待 1 秒，再打印 \"world\"::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:30 +msgid "" +">>> import asyncio\n" +"\n" +">>> async def main():\n" +"... print('hello')\n" +"... await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +"... print('world')\n" +"\n" +">>> asyncio.run(main())\n" +"hello\n" +"world" +msgstr "" +">>> import asyncio\n" +"\n" +">>> async def main():\n" +"... print('hello')\n" +"... await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +"... print('world')\n" +"\n" +">>> asyncio.run(main())\n" +"hello\n" +"world" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Note that simply calling a coroutine will not schedule it to be executed::" +msgstr "注意：简单地调用一个协程并不会使其被调度执行" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:44 +msgid "" +">>> main()\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> main()\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:47 +msgid "" +"To actually run a coroutine, asyncio provides the following mechanisms:" +msgstr "要实际运行一个协程，asyncio 提供了以下几种机制:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The :func:`asyncio.run` function to run the top-level entry point \"main()\"" +" function (see the above example.)" +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.run` 函数用来运行最高层级的入口点 \"main()\" 函数 (参见上面的示例。)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Awaiting on a coroutine. The following snippet of code will print \"hello\"" +" after waiting for 1 second, and then print \"world\" after waiting for " +"*another* 2 seconds::" +msgstr "对协程执行 await。以下代码段会在等待 1 秒后打印 \"hello\"，然后 *再次* 等待 2 秒后打印 \"world\"::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:56 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"async def say_after(delay, what):\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(delay)\n" +" print(what)\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print(f\"started at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" await say_after(1, 'hello')\n" +" await say_after(2, 'world')\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"async def say_after(delay, what):\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(delay)\n" +" print(what)\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print(f\"started at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" await say_after(1, 'hello')\n" +" await say_after(2, 'world')\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:73 +msgid "Expected output::" +msgstr "预期的输出::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:75 +msgid "" +"started at 17:13:52\n" +"hello\n" +"world\n" +"finished at 17:13:55" +msgstr "" +"started at 17:13:52\n" +"hello\n" +"world\n" +"finished at 17:13:55" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:80 +msgid "" +"The :func:`asyncio.create_task` function to run coroutines concurrently as " +"asyncio :class:`Tasks `." +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.create_task` 函数用来并发运行作为 asyncio :class:`任务 ` 的多个协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Let's modify the above example and run two ``say_after`` coroutines " +"*concurrently*::" +msgstr "让我们修改以上示例，*并发* 运行两个 ``say_after`` 协程::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:86 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" task1 = asyncio.create_task(\n" +" say_after(1, 'hello'))\n" +"\n" +" task2 = asyncio.create_task(\n" +" say_after(2, 'world'))\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"started at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" # Wait until both tasks are completed (should take\n" +" # around 2 seconds.)\n" +" await task1\n" +" await task2\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished at {time.strftime('%X')}\")" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" task1 = asyncio.create_task(\n" +" say_after(1, 'hello'))\n" +"\n" +" task2 = asyncio.create_task(\n" +" say_after(2, 'world'))\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"started at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" # 等待直到两个任务都完成\n" +" # （会花费约 2 秒钟。）\n" +" await task1\n" +" await task2\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished at {time.strftime('%X')}\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Note that expected output now shows that the snippet runs 1 second faster " +"than before::" +msgstr "注意，预期的输出显示代码段的运行时间比之前快了 1 秒::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:105 +msgid "" +"started at 17:14:32\n" +"hello\n" +"world\n" +"finished at 17:14:34" +msgstr "" +"started at 17:14:32\n" +"hello\n" +"world\n" +"finished at 17:14:34" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:110 +msgid "" +"The :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` class provides a more modern alternative to " +":func:`create_task`. Using this API, the last example becomes::" +msgstr "" +":class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` 类提供了 :func:`create_task` 的更现代化的替代。 使用此 " +"API，之前的例子将变为::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:114 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:\n" +" task1 = tg.create_task(\n" +" say_after(1, 'hello'))\n" +"\n" +" task2 = tg.create_task(\n" +" say_after(2, 'world'))\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"started at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" # The await is implicit when the context manager exits.\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished at {time.strftime('%X')}\")" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:\n" +" task1 = tg.create_task(\n" +" say_after(1, 'hello'))\n" +"\n" +" task2 = tg.create_task(\n" +" say_after(2, 'world'))\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"started at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" # 当存在上下文管理器时 await 是隐式执行的。\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished at {time.strftime('%X')}\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:128 +msgid "The timing and output should be the same as for the previous version." +msgstr "用时和输出结果应当与之前的版本相同。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:130 +msgid ":class:`asyncio.TaskGroup`." +msgstr ":class:`asyncio.TaskGroup`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:137 +msgid "Awaitables" +msgstr "可等待对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:139 +msgid "" +"We say that an object is an **awaitable** object if it can be used in an " +":keyword:`await` expression. Many asyncio APIs are designed to accept " +"awaitables." +msgstr "" +"如果一个对象可以在 :keyword:`await` 语句中使用，那么它就是 **可等待** 对象。许多 asyncio API " +"都被设计为接受可等待对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:143 +msgid "" +"There are three main types of *awaitable* objects: **coroutines**, " +"**Tasks**, and **Futures**." +msgstr "*可等待* 对象有三种主要类型: **协程**, **任务** 和 **Future**." + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Python coroutines are *awaitables* and therefore can be awaited from other " +"coroutines::" +msgstr "Python 协程属于 *可等待* 对象，因此可以在其他协程中被等待::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:152 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def nested():\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Nothing happens if we just call \"nested()\".\n" +" # A coroutine object is created but not awaited,\n" +" # so it *won't run at all*.\n" +" nested() # will raise a \"RuntimeWarning\".\n" +"\n" +" # Let's do it differently now and await it:\n" +" print(await nested()) # will print \"42\".\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def nested():\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 如果我们只调用 \"nested()\" 则无事发生。\n" +" # 一个协程对象会被创建但是不会被等待，\n" +" # 因此它 *根本不会运行*。\n" +" nested() # 将引发 \"RuntimeWarning\"。\n" +"\n" +" # 现在让我们改为等待它：\n" +" print(await nested()) # 将打印 \"42\"。\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:170 +msgid "" +"In this documentation the term \"coroutine\" can be used for two closely " +"related concepts:" +msgstr "在本文档中 \"协程\" 可用来表示两个紧密关联的概念:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:173 +msgid "a *coroutine function*: an :keyword:`async def` function;" +msgstr "*协程函数*: 定义形式为 :keyword:`async def` 的函数;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:175 +msgid "" +"a *coroutine object*: an object returned by calling a *coroutine function*." +msgstr "*协程对象*: 调用 *协程函数* 所返回的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:180 +msgid "Tasks" +msgstr "任务" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:181 +msgid "*Tasks* are used to schedule coroutines *concurrently*." +msgstr "*任务* 被用来“并行的”调度协程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:183 +msgid "" +"When a coroutine is wrapped into a *Task* with functions like " +":func:`asyncio.create_task` the coroutine is automatically scheduled to run " +"soon::" +msgstr "当一个协程通过 :func:`asyncio.create_task` 等函数被封装为一个 *任务*，该协程会被自动调度执行::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:187 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def nested():\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Schedule nested() to run soon concurrently\n" +" # with \"main()\".\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(nested())\n" +"\n" +" # \"task\" can now be used to cancel \"nested()\", or\n" +" # can simply be awaited to wait until it is complete:\n" +" await task\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def nested():\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 将 nested() 加入计划任务\n" +" # 立即与 \"main()\" 并发运行。\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(nested())\n" +"\n" +" # 现在可以使用 \"task\" 来取消 \"nested()\"，or\n" +" # 或简单地等待它直到它被完成：\n" +" await task\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:205 +msgid "Futures" +msgstr "Futures" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:206 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Future` is a special **low-level** awaitable object that " +"represents an **eventual result** of an asynchronous operation." +msgstr ":class:`Future` 是一种特殊的 **低层级** 可等待对象，表示一个异步操作的 **最终结果**。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:209 +msgid "" +"When a Future object is *awaited* it means that the coroutine will wait " +"until the Future is resolved in some other place." +msgstr "当一个 Future 对象 *被等待*，这意味着协程将保持等待直到该 Future 对象在其他地方操作完毕。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Future objects in asyncio are needed to allow callback-based code to be used" +" with async/await." +msgstr "在 asyncio 中需要 Future 对象以便允许通过 async/await 使用基于回调的代码。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Normally **there is no need** to create Future objects at the application " +"level code." +msgstr "通常情况下 **没有必要** 在应用层级的代码中创建 Future 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Future objects, sometimes exposed by libraries and some asyncio APIs, can be" +" awaited::" +msgstr "Future 对象有时会由库和某些 asyncio API 暴露给用户，用作可等待对象::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:221 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" await function_that_returns_a_future_object()\n" +"\n" +" # this is also valid:\n" +" await asyncio.gather(\n" +" function_that_returns_a_future_object(),\n" +" some_python_coroutine()\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" await function_that_returns_a_future_object()\n" +"\n" +" # 这样也可以：\n" +" await asyncio.gather(\n" +" function_that_returns_a_future_object(),\n" +" some_python_coroutine()\n" +" )" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:230 +msgid "" +"A good example of a low-level function that returns a Future object is " +":meth:`loop.run_in_executor`." +msgstr "一个很好的返回对象的低层级函数的示例是 :meth:`loop.run_in_executor`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:235 +msgid "Creating Tasks" +msgstr "创建任务" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:237 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/tasks.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/asyncio/tasks.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Wrap the *coro* :ref:`coroutine ` into a :class:`Task` and " +"schedule its execution. Return the Task object." +msgstr "将 *coro* :ref:`协程 ` 封装为一个 :class:`Task` 并调度其执行。返回 Task 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:246 +msgid "" +"If *name* is not ``None``, it is set as the name of the task using " +":meth:`Task.set_name`." +msgstr "*name* 不为 ``None``，它将使用 :meth:`Task.set_name` 来设为任务的名称。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:249 +msgid "" +"An optional keyword-only *context* argument allows specifying a custom " +":class:`contextvars.Context` for the *coro* to run in. The current context " +"copy is created when no *context* is provided." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *context* 参数允许指定自定义的 :class:`contextvars.Context` 供 *coro* 运行。 当未提供 " +"*context* 时将创建当前上下文的副本。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The task is executed in the loop returned by :func:`get_running_loop`, " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised if there is no running loop in current thread." +msgstr "" +"该任务会在 :func:`get_running_loop` 返回的循环中执行，如果当前线程没有在运行的循环则会引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:259 +msgid "" +":meth:`asyncio.TaskGroup.create_task` is a new alternative leveraging " +"structural concurrency; it allows for waiting for a group of related tasks " +"with strong safety guarantees." +msgstr "" +":meth:`asyncio.TaskGroup.create_task` 是一个平衡了结构化并发的新选择；它允许等待一组相关任务并具有极强的安全保证。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:265 +msgid "" +"Save a reference to the result of this function, to avoid a task " +"disappearing mid-execution. The event loop only keeps weak references to " +"tasks. A task that isn't referenced elsewhere may get garbage collected at " +"any time, even before it's done. For reliable \"fire-and-forget\" background" +" tasks, gather them in a collection::" +msgstr "" +"保存一个指向此函数的结果的引用，以避免任务在执行过程中消失。 事件循环将只保留对任务的弱引用。 " +"未在其他地方被引用的任务可能在任何时候被作为垃圾回收，即使是在它被完成之前。 如果需要可靠的“发射后不用管”后台任务，请将它们放到一个多项集中::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:272 +msgid "" +"background_tasks = set()\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(some_coro(param=i))\n" +"\n" +" # Add task to the set. This creates a strong reference.\n" +" background_tasks.add(task)\n" +"\n" +" # To prevent keeping references to finished tasks forever,\n" +" # make each task remove its own reference from the set after\n" +" # completion:\n" +" task.add_done_callback(background_tasks.discard)" +msgstr "" +"background_tasks = set()\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(some_coro(param=i))\n" +"\n" +" # 将任务加入集合。 这将创建一个强引用。\n" +" background_tasks.add(task)\n" +"\n" +" # 为避免永远保留对已结束任务的引用，\n" +" # 让每个任务在完成后将对自己的引用\n" +" # 移出集合：\n" +" task.add_done_callback(background_tasks.discard)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:287 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1192 +msgid "Added the *name* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *name* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:290 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1199 +msgid "Added the *context* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *context* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:295 +msgid "Task Cancellation" +msgstr "任务取消" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Tasks can easily and safely be cancelled. When a task is cancelled, " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` will be raised in the task at the next " +"opportunity." +msgstr "任务可以便捷和安全地取消。 当任务被取消时，:exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 将在遇到机会时在任务中被引发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:301 +msgid "" +"It is recommended that coroutines use ``try/finally`` blocks to robustly " +"perform clean-up logic. In case :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` is explicitly " +"caught, it should generally be propagated when clean-up is complete. " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` directly subclasses :exc:`BaseException` so " +"most code will not need to be aware of it." +msgstr "" +"推荐协程使用 ``try/finally`` 代码块来可靠地执行清理逻辑。 对于 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` " +"被显式捕获的情况，它通常应当在清理完成时被传播。 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 会直接子类化 " +":exc:`BaseException` 因此大多数代码都不需要关心这一点。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The asyncio components that enable structured concurrency, like " +":class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` and :func:`asyncio.timeout`, are implemented " +"using cancellation internally and might misbehave if a coroutine swallows " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`. Similarly, user code should not generally " +"call :meth:`uncancel `. However, in cases when " +"suppressing :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` is truly desired, it is necessary " +"to also call ``uncancel()`` to completely remove the cancellation state." +msgstr "" +"启用结构化并发的 asyncio 组件，如 :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` 和 " +":func:`asyncio.timeout`，在内部是使用撤销操作来实现的因而在协程屏蔽了 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`" +" 时可能无法正常工作。 类似地，用户代码通常也不应调用 :meth:`uncancel `。 " +"但是，在确实想要屏蔽 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 的情况下，则还有必要调用 ``uncancel()`` " +"来完全移除撤销状态。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:319 +msgid "Task Groups" +msgstr "任务组" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:321 +msgid "" +"Task groups combine a task creation API with a convenient and reliable way " +"to wait for all tasks in the group to finish." +msgstr "任务组合并了一套用于等待分组中所有任务完成的方便可靠方式的任务创建 API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:326 +msgid "" +"An :ref:`asynchronous context manager ` holding a " +"group of tasks. Tasks can be added to the group using :meth:`create_task`. " +"All tasks are awaited when the context manager exits." +msgstr "" +"持有一个任务分组的 :ref:`异步上下文管理器 `。 可以使用 :meth:`create_task`" +" 将任务添加到分组中。 当该上下文管理器退出时所有任务都将被等待。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Create a task in this task group. The signature matches that of " +":func:`asyncio.create_task`. If the task group is inactive (e.g. not yet " +"entered, already finished, or in the process of shutting down), we will " +"close the given ``coro``." +msgstr "" +"在该任务组中创建一个任务。 签名与 :func:`asyncio.create_task` 的签名相匹配。 " +"如果该任务组未激活（例如尚未进入、已经结束或在关闭过程中），我们将关闭所给出的 ``coro``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:343 +msgid "Close the given coroutine if the task group is not active." +msgstr "如果任务组未激活则关闭所给出的协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:345 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:551 +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:724 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:782 +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:808 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:849 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:347 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:\n" +" task1 = tg.create_task(some_coro(...))\n" +" task2 = tg.create_task(another_coro(...))\n" +" print(f\"Both tasks have completed now: {task1.result()}, {task2.result()}\")" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:\n" +" task1 = tg.create_task(some_coro(...))\n" +" task2 = tg.create_task(another_coro(...))\n" +" print(f\"Both tasks have completed now: {task1.result()}, {task2.result()}\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:353 +msgid "" +"The ``async with`` statement will wait for all tasks in the group to finish." +" While waiting, new tasks may still be added to the group (for example, by " +"passing ``tg`` into one of the coroutines and calling ``tg.create_task()`` " +"in that coroutine). Once the last task has finished and the ``async with`` " +"block is exited, no new tasks may be added to the group." +msgstr "" +"``async with`` 语句将等待分组中的所有任务结束。 在等待期间，仍可将新任务添加到分组中 (例如，通过将 ``tg`` " +"传入某个协程并在该协程中调用 ``tg.create_task()``)。 一旦最后的任务完成并退出 ``async with`` " +"代码块，将无法再向分组添加新任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:360 +msgid "" +"The first time any of the tasks belonging to the group fails with an " +"exception other than :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`, the remaining tasks in " +"the group are cancelled. No further tasks can then be added to the group. At" +" this point, if the body of the ``async with`` statement is still active " +"(i.e., :meth:`~object.__aexit__` hasn't been called yet), the task directly " +"containing the ``async with`` statement is also cancelled. The resulting " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` will interrupt an ``await``, but it will not " +"bubble out of the containing ``async with`` statement." +msgstr "" +"当首次有任何属于分组的任务因 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 以外的异常而失败时，分组中的剩余任务将被取消。 " +"在此之后将无法添加更多任务到该分组中。 在这种情况下，如果 ``async with`` 语句体仍然为激活状态（即 " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__` 尚未被调用），则直接包含 ``async with`` 语句的任务也会被取消。 结果 " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 将中断一个 ``await``，但它将不会跳出包含的 ``async with`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Once all tasks have finished, if any tasks have failed with an exception " +"other than :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`, those exceptions are combined in " +"an :exc:`ExceptionGroup` or :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` (as appropriate; see " +"their documentation) which is then raised." +msgstr "" +"一旦所有任务被完成，如果有任何任务因 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 以外的异常而失败，这些异常会被组合在 " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` 或 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 中（选择其中较适合的一个；参见其文档）并将随后引发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Two base exceptions are treated specially: If any task fails with " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` or :exc:`SystemExit`, the task group still cancels " +"the remaining tasks and waits for them, but then the initial " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` or :exc:`SystemExit` is re-raised instead of " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` or :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "" +"两个基础异常会被特别对待：如果有任何任务因 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 或 :exc:`SystemExit` " +"而失败，任务分组仍然会取消剩余的任务并等待它们，但随后初始 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 或 :exc:`SystemExit` " +"而不是 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 或 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 会被重新引发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:383 +msgid "" +"If the body of the ``async with`` statement exits with an exception (so " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__` is called with an exception set), this is treated " +"the same as if one of the tasks failed: the remaining tasks are cancelled " +"and then waited for, and non-cancellation exceptions are grouped into an " +"exception group and raised. The exception passed into " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__`, unless it is :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`, is " +"also included in the exception group. The same special case is made for " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` and :exc:`SystemExit` as in the previous paragraph." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``async with`` 语句体因异常而退出（这样将调用 :meth:`~object.__aexit__` " +"并附带一个异常），此种情况会与有任务失败时一样对待：剩余任务将被取消然后被等待，而非取消类异常会被加入到一个异常分组并被引发。 传入到 " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__` 的异常，除了 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` " +"以外，也都会被包括在该异常分组中。 同样的特殊对待也适用于上一段所说的 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 和 " +":exc:`SystemExit`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:395 +msgid "" +"Task groups are careful not to mix up the internal cancellation used to " +"\"wake up\" their :meth:`~object.__aexit__` with cancellation requests for " +"the task in which they are running made by other parties. In particular, " +"when one task group is syntactically nested in another, and both experience " +"an exception in one of their child tasks simultaneously, the inner task " +"group will process its exceptions, and then the outer task group will " +"receive another cancellation and process its own exceptions." +msgstr "" +"对于任务组应当注意不要将用于“唤醒”其 :meth:`~object.__aexit__` 的内部取消请求与其他地方对其运行的任务提出的取消请求相混淆。" +" " +"具体来说，当一个任务组在语法上嵌套于另一个任务组中，而两个任务组的某个子任务同时发生异常时，内层的任务组将处理其异常，然后外层的任务组将收到另一个取消请求并处理它自己的异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:403 +msgid "" +"In the case where a task group is cancelled externally and also must raise " +"an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`, it will call the parent task's " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` method. This ensures that a " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` will be raised at the next :keyword:`await`, " +"so the cancellation is not lost." +msgstr "" +"对于任务组在外部被取消同时必须引发 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 的情况，它将调用父任务的 " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` 方法。 这样可以确保 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 会在下一次 " +":keyword:`await` 时被引发，因此取消操作不会丢失。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Task groups preserve the cancellation count reported by " +":meth:`asyncio.Task.cancelling`." +msgstr "任务组将保留 :meth:`asyncio.Task.cancelling` 所报告的取消次数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:414 +msgid "" +"Improved handling of simultaneous internal and external cancellations and " +"correct preservation of cancellation counts." +msgstr "改进了同时处理内部和外部取消操作以及正确保留取消计数的功能。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:418 +msgid "Terminating a Task Group" +msgstr "终结一个任务组" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:420 +msgid "" +"While terminating a task group is not natively supported by the standard " +"library, termination can be achieved by adding an exception-raising task to " +"the task group and ignoring the raised exception:" +msgstr "虽然标准库没有对终结任务组的原生支持，但可通过向任务组添加一个引发异常的任务并无视被引发的异常来达成终结效果：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:424 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"from asyncio import TaskGroup\n" +"\n" +"class TerminateTaskGroup(Exception):\n" +" \"\"\"Exception raised to terminate a task group.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"async def force_terminate_task_group():\n" +" \"\"\"Used to force termination of a task group.\"\"\"\n" +" raise TerminateTaskGroup()\n" +"\n" +"async def job(task_id, sleep_time):\n" +" print(f'Task {task_id}: start')\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(sleep_time)\n" +" print(f'Task {task_id}: done')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" async with TaskGroup() as group:\n" +" # spawn some tasks\n" +" group.create_task(job(1, 0.5))\n" +" group.create_task(job(2, 1.5))\n" +" # sleep for 1 second\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" # add an exception-raising task to force the group to terminate\n" +" group.create_task(force_terminate_task_group())\n" +" except* TerminateTaskGroup:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"from asyncio import TaskGroup\n" +"\n" +"class TerminateTaskGroup(Exception):\n" +" \"\"\"Exception raised to terminate a task group.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"async def force_terminate_task_group():\n" +" \"\"\"Used to force termination of a task group.\"\"\"\n" +" raise TerminateTaskGroup()\n" +"\n" +"async def job(task_id, sleep_time):\n" +" print(f'Task {task_id}: start')\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(sleep_time)\n" +" print(f'Task {task_id}: done')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" async with TaskGroup() as group:\n" +" # 创建一些任务\n" +" group.create_task(job(1, 0.5))\n" +" group.create_task(job(2, 1.5))\n" +" # 休眠 1 秒\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" # 添加一个引发异常的任务以强制终结分组\n" +" group.create_task(force_terminate_task_group())\n" +" except* TerminateTaskGroup:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:456 +msgid "Expected output:" +msgstr "期待的输出:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Task 1: start\n" +"Task 2: start\n" +"Task 1: done" +msgstr "" +"Task 1: start\n" +"Task 2: start\n" +"Task 1: done" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:465 +msgid "Sleeping" +msgstr "休眠" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:470 +msgid "Block for *delay* seconds." +msgstr "阻塞 *delay* 指定的秒数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:472 +msgid "" +"If *result* is provided, it is returned to the caller when the coroutine " +"completes." +msgstr "如果指定了 *result*，则当协程完成时将其返回给调用者。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:475 +msgid "" +"``sleep()`` always suspends the current task, allowing other tasks to run." +msgstr "``sleep()`` 总是会挂起当前任务，以允许其他任务运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Setting the delay to 0 provides an optimized path to allow other tasks to " +"run. This can be used by long-running functions to avoid blocking the event " +"loop for the full duration of the function call." +msgstr "将 delay 设为 0 将提供一个经优化的路径以允许其他任务运行。 这可供长期间运行的函数使用以避免在函数调用的全过程中阻塞事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:484 +msgid "" +"Example of coroutine displaying the current date every second for 5 " +"seconds::" +msgstr "以下协程示例运行 5 秒，每秒显示一次当前日期::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:487 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"async def display_date():\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +" end_time = loop.time() + 5.0\n" +" while True:\n" +" print(datetime.datetime.now())\n" +" if (loop.time() + 1.0) >= end_time:\n" +" break\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(display_date())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"async def display_date():\n" +" loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()\n" +" end_time = loop.time() + 5.0\n" +" while True:\n" +" print(datetime.datetime.now())\n" +" if (loop.time() + 1.0) >= end_time:\n" +" break\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(display_date())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:502 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:600 +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:699 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:874 +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:929 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:986 +msgid "Removed the *loop* parameter." +msgstr "移除了 *loop* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:505 +msgid "Raises :exc:`ValueError` if *delay* is :data:`~math.nan`." +msgstr "如果 *delay* 为 :data:`~math.nan` 则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:510 +msgid "Running Tasks Concurrently" +msgstr "并发运行任务" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:514 +msgid "" +"Run :ref:`awaitable objects ` in the *aws* sequence " +"*concurrently*." +msgstr "*并发* 运行 *aws* 序列中的 :ref:`可等待对象 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:517 +msgid "" +"If any awaitable in *aws* is a coroutine, it is automatically scheduled as a" +" Task." +msgstr "如果 *aws* 中的某个可等待对象为协程，它将自动被作为一个任务调度。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:520 +msgid "" +"If all awaitables are completed successfully, the result is an aggregate " +"list of returned values. The order of result values corresponds to the " +"order of awaitables in *aws*." +msgstr "如果所有可等待对象都成功完成，结果将是一个由所有返回值聚合而成的列表。结果值的顺序与 *aws* 中可等待对象的顺序一致。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:524 +msgid "" +"If *return_exceptions* is ``False`` (default), the first raised exception is" +" immediately propagated to the task that awaits on ``gather()``. Other " +"awaitables in the *aws* sequence **won't be cancelled** and will continue to" +" run." +msgstr "" +"如果 *return_exceptions* 为 ``False`` (默认)，所引发的首个异常会立即传播给等待 ``gather()`` " +"的任务。*aws* 序列中的其他可等待对象 **不会被取消** 并将继续运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:529 +msgid "" +"If *return_exceptions* is ``True``, exceptions are treated the same as " +"successful results, and aggregated in the result list." +msgstr "如果 *return_exceptions* 为 ``True``，异常会和成功的结果一样处理，并聚合至结果列表。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:532 +msgid "" +"If ``gather()`` is *cancelled*, all submitted awaitables (that have not " +"completed yet) are also *cancelled*." +msgstr "如果 ``gather()`` *被取消*，所有被提交 (尚未完成) 的可等待对象也会 *被取消*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:535 +msgid "" +"If any Task or Future from the *aws* sequence is *cancelled*, it is treated " +"as if it raised :exc:`CancelledError` -- the ``gather()`` call is **not** " +"cancelled in this case. This is to prevent the cancellation of one " +"submitted Task/Future to cause other Tasks/Futures to be cancelled." +msgstr "" +"如果 *aws* 序列中的任一 Task 或 Future 对象 *被取消*，它将被当作引发了 :exc:`CancelledError` 一样处理 " +"-- 在此情况下 ``gather()`` 调用 **不会** 被取消。这是为了防止一个已提交的 Task/Future 被取消导致其他 " +"Tasks/Future 也被取消。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:542 +msgid "" +"A new alternative to create and run tasks concurrently and wait for their " +"completion is :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup`. *TaskGroup* provides stronger " +"safety guarantees than *gather* for scheduling a nesting of subtasks: if a " +"task (or a subtask, a task scheduled by a task) raises an exception, " +"*TaskGroup* will, while *gather* will not, cancel the remaining scheduled " +"tasks)." +msgstr "" +"一个创建然后并发地运行任务等待它们完成的新选择是 :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup`。 *TaskGroup* " +"提供了针对调度嵌套子任务的比 *gather* 更强的安全保证：如果一个任务（或子任务，即由一个任务调度的任务）引发了异常，*TaskGroup* " +"将取消剩余的已排期任务）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:553 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def factorial(name, number):\n" +" f = 1\n" +" for i in range(2, number + 1):\n" +" print(f\"Task {name}: Compute factorial({number}), currently i={i}...\")\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" f *= i\n" +" print(f\"Task {name}: factorial({number}) = {f}\")\n" +" return f\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Schedule three calls *concurrently*:\n" +" L = await asyncio.gather(\n" +" factorial(\"A\", 2),\n" +" factorial(\"B\", 3),\n" +" factorial(\"C\", 4),\n" +" )\n" +" print(L)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# Expected output:\n" +"#\n" +"# Task A: Compute factorial(2), currently i=2...\n" +"# Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=2...\n" +"# Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=2...\n" +"# Task A: factorial(2) = 2\n" +"# Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=3...\n" +"# Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=3...\n" +"# Task B: factorial(3) = 6\n" +"# Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=4...\n" +"# Task C: factorial(4) = 24\n" +"# [2, 6, 24]" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def factorial(name, number):\n" +" f = 1\n" +" for i in range(2, number + 1):\n" +" print(f\"Task {name}: Compute factorial({number}), currently i={i}...\")\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" f *= i\n" +" print(f\"Task {name}: factorial({number}) = {f}\")\n" +" return f\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 将三个调用 *并发地* 加入计划任务：\n" +" L = await asyncio.gather(\n" +" factorial(\"A\", 2),\n" +" factorial(\"B\", 3),\n" +" factorial(\"C\", 4),\n" +" )\n" +" print(L)\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# 预期的输出：\n" +"#\n" +"# Task A: Compute factorial(2), currently i=2...\n" +"# Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=2...\n" +"# Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=2...\n" +"# Task A: factorial(2) = 2\n" +"# Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=3...\n" +"# Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=3...\n" +"# Task B: factorial(3) = 6\n" +"# Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=4...\n" +"# Task C: factorial(4) = 24\n" +"# [2, 6, 24]" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:589 +msgid "" +"If *return_exceptions* is false, cancelling gather() after it has been " +"marked done won't cancel any submitted awaitables. For instance, gather can " +"be marked done after propagating an exception to the caller, therefore, " +"calling ``gather.cancel()`` after catching an exception (raised by one of " +"the awaitables) from gather won't cancel any other awaitables." +msgstr "" +"如果 *return_exceptions* 为假值，则在 gather() 被标记为完成后取消它将不会取消任何已提交的可等待对象。 " +"例如，在将一个异常传播给调用者之后，gather 可被标记为已完成，因此，在从 gather 捕获一个（由可等待对象所引发的）异常之后调用 " +"``gather.cancel()`` 将不会取消任何其他可等待对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:596 +msgid "" +"If the *gather* itself is cancelled, the cancellation is propagated " +"regardless of *return_exceptions*." +msgstr "如果 *gather* 本身被取消，则无论 *return_exceptions* 取值为何，消息都会被传播。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:603 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if no positional arguments are provided or " +"not all positional arguments are Future-like objects and there is no running" +" event loop." +msgstr "如果未提供位置参数或者并非所有位置参数均为 Future 类对象并且没有正在运行的事件循环则会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:612 +msgid "Eager Task Factory" +msgstr "主动任务工厂" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:616 +msgid "A task factory for eager task execution." +msgstr "用于主动任务执行的任务工厂" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:618 +msgid "" +"When using this factory (via " +":meth:`loop.set_task_factory(asyncio.eager_task_factory) " +"`), coroutines begin execution synchronously during " +":class:`Task` construction. Tasks are only scheduled on the event loop if " +"they block. This can be a performance improvement as the overhead of loop " +"scheduling is avoided for coroutines that complete synchronously." +msgstr "" +"当使用这个工厂函数时 (通过 :meth:`loop.set_task_factory(asyncio.eager_task_factory) " +"`)，协程将在 :class:`Task` 构造期间同步地开始执行。 " +"任务仅会在它们阻塞时被加入事件循环上的计划任务。 这可以达成性能提升因为对同步完成的协程来说可以避免循环调度的开销。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:624 +msgid "" +"A common example where this is beneficial is coroutines which employ caching" +" or memoization to avoid actual I/O when possible." +msgstr "此特性会带来好处的一个常见例子是应用了缓存或记忆功能以便在可能的情况避免实际 I/O 的协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:629 +msgid "" +"Immediate execution of the coroutine is a semantic change. If the coroutine " +"returns or raises, the task is never scheduled to the event loop. If the " +"coroutine execution blocks, the task is scheduled to the event loop. This " +"change may introduce behavior changes to existing applications. For example," +" the application's task execution order is likely to change." +msgstr "" +"协程是立即执行是一项语言改变。 如果协程返回或引发异常，其任务将不会被加入事件循环上的计划任务。 " +"如果协程执行发生阻塞，其任务将被加入事件循环上的计划任务。 这项改变可能会向现有应用程序引入行为变化。 例如，应用程序的任务执行顺序可能会发生改变。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:640 +msgid "" +"Create an eager task factory, similar to :func:`eager_task_factory`, using " +"the provided *custom_task_constructor* when creating a new task instead of " +"the default :class:`Task`." +msgstr "" +"创建一个主动型任务工厂，类似于 :func:`eager_task_factory`，在创建新任务时使用所提供的 " +"*custom_task_constructor* 而不是默认的 :class:`Task`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:644 +msgid "" +"*custom_task_constructor* must be a *callable* with the signature matching " +"the signature of :class:`Task.__init__ `. The callable must return a " +":class:`asyncio.Task`-compatible object." +msgstr "" +"*custom_task_constructor* 必须是一个 *可调用对象*，其签名与 :class:`Task.__init__ ` " +"的签名相匹配。 该可调用对象必须返回一个兼容 :class:`asyncio.Task` 的对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:648 +msgid "" +"This function returns a *callable* intended to be used as a task factory of " +"an event loop via :meth:`loop.set_task_factory(factory) " +"`)." +msgstr "" +"此函数返回一个 *可调用对象*，将通过 :meth:`loop.set_task_factory(factory) " +"`) 被用作一个事件循环的任务工厂。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:655 +msgid "Shielding From Cancellation" +msgstr "屏蔽取消操作" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:659 +msgid "" +"Protect an :ref:`awaitable object ` from being " +":meth:`cancelled `." +msgstr "保护一个 :ref:`可等待对象 ` 防止其被 :meth:`取消 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:662 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:829 +msgid "If *aw* is a coroutine it is automatically scheduled as a Task." +msgstr "如果 *aw* 是一个协程，它将自动被作为任务调度。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:664 +msgid "The statement::" +msgstr "以下语句::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:666 +msgid "" +"task = asyncio.create_task(something())\n" +"res = await shield(task)" +msgstr "" +"task = asyncio.create_task(something())\n" +"res = await shield(task)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:669 +msgid "is equivalent to::" +msgstr "相当于::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:671 +msgid "res = await something()" +msgstr "res = await something()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:673 +msgid "" +"*except* that if the coroutine containing it is cancelled, the Task running " +"in ``something()`` is not cancelled. From the point of view of " +"``something()``, the cancellation did not happen. Although its caller is " +"still cancelled, so the \"await\" expression still raises a " +":exc:`CancelledError`." +msgstr "" +"*不同之处* 在于如果包含它的协程被取消，在 ``something()`` 中运行的任务不会被取消。从 ``something()`` " +"的角度看来，取消操作并没有发生。然而其调用者已被取消，因此 \"await\" 表达式仍然会引发 :exc:`CancelledError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:679 +msgid "" +"If ``something()`` is cancelled by other means (i.e. from within itself) " +"that would also cancel ``shield()``." +msgstr "如果通过其他方式取消 ``something()`` (例如在其内部操作) 则 ``shield()`` 也会取消。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:682 +msgid "" +"If it is desired to completely ignore cancellation (not recommended) the " +"``shield()`` function should be combined with a try/except clause, as " +"follows::" +msgstr "如果希望完全忽略取消操作 (不推荐) 则 ``shield()`` 函数需要配合一个 try/except 代码段，如下所示::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:686 +msgid "" +"task = asyncio.create_task(something())\n" +"try:\n" +" res = await shield(task)\n" +"except CancelledError:\n" +" res = None" +msgstr "" +"task = asyncio.create_task(something())\n" +"try:\n" +" res = await shield(task)\n" +"except CancelledError:\n" +" res = None" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:694 +msgid "" +"Save a reference to tasks passed to this function, to avoid a task " +"disappearing mid-execution. The event loop only keeps weak references to " +"tasks. A task that isn't referenced elsewhere may get garbage collected at " +"any time, even before it's done." +msgstr "" +"保存一个传给此函数的任务的引用，以避免任务在执行过程中消失。 事件循环将只保留对任务的弱引用。 " +"未在其他地方被引用的任务可能在任何时候被作为垃圾回收，即使是在它被完成之前。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:702 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if *aw* is not Future-like object and there " +"is no running event loop." +msgstr "如果 *aw* 不是 Future 类对象并且没有正在运行的事件循环则会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:708 +msgid "Timeouts" +msgstr "超时" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:712 +msgid "" +"Return an :ref:`asynchronous context manager ` that " +"can be used to limit the amount of time spent waiting on something." +msgstr "返回一个可被用于限制等待某个操作所耗费时间的 :ref:`异步上下文管理器 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:716 +msgid "" +"*delay* can either be ``None``, or a float/int number of seconds to wait. If" +" *delay* is ``None``, no time limit will be applied; this can be useful if " +"the delay is unknown when the context manager is created." +msgstr "" +"*delay* 可以为 ``None``，或是一个表示等待秒数的浮点数/整数。 如果 *delay* 为 " +"``None``，将不会应用时间限制；如果当创建上下文管理器时无法确定延时则此设置将很适用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:721 +msgid "" +"In either case, the context manager can be rescheduled after creation using " +":meth:`Timeout.reschedule`." +msgstr "在两种情况下，该上下文管理器都可以在创建之后使用 :meth:`Timeout.reschedule` 来重新安排计划。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:726 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(10):\n" +" await long_running_task()" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(10):\n" +" await long_running_task()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:730 +msgid "" +"If ``long_running_task`` takes more than 10 seconds to complete, the context" +" manager will cancel the current task and handle the resulting " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` internally, transforming it into a " +":exc:`TimeoutError` which can be caught and handled." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``long_running_task`` 耗费 10 秒以上完成，该上下文管理器将取消当前任务并在内部处理所引发的 " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`，将其转化为可被捕获和处理的 :exc:`TimeoutError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:737 +msgid "" +"The :func:`asyncio.timeout` context manager is what transforms the " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` into a :exc:`TimeoutError`, which means the " +":exc:`TimeoutError` can only be caught *outside* of the context manager." +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.timeout` 上下文管理器负责将 :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` 转化为 " +":exc:`TimeoutError`，这意味着 :exc:`TimeoutError` 只能在该上下文管理器 *之外* 被捕获。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:742 +msgid "Example of catching :exc:`TimeoutError`::" +msgstr "捕获 :exc:`TimeoutError` 的示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:744 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(10):\n" +" await long_running_task()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" print(\"The long operation timed out, but we've handled it.\")\n" +"\n" +" print(\"This statement will run regardless.\")" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(10):\n" +" await long_running_task()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" print(\"The long operation timed out, but we've handled it.\")\n" +"\n" +" print(\"This statement will run regardless.\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:753 +msgid "" +"The context manager produced by :func:`asyncio.timeout` can be rescheduled " +"to a different deadline and inspected." +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.timeout` 所产生的上下文管理器可以被重新调整到不同的终止点并执行检查。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:758 +msgid "" +"An :ref:`asynchronous context manager ` for " +"cancelling overdue coroutines." +msgstr "一个用于撤销已过期协程的 :ref:`异步上下文管理器 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:761 +msgid "" +"``when`` should be an absolute time at which the context should time out, as" +" measured by the event loop's clock:" +msgstr "``when`` 应当是一个指明上下文将要过期的绝对时间，由事件循环的时钟来计时。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:764 +msgid "If ``when`` is ``None``, the timeout will never trigger." +msgstr "如果 ``when`` 为 ``None``，则超时将永远不会被触发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:765 +msgid "" +"If ``when < loop.time()``, the timeout will trigger on the next iteration of" +" the event loop." +msgstr "如果 ``when < loop.time()``，则超时将在事件循环的下一次迭代中被触发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:770 +msgid "" +"Return the current deadline, or ``None`` if the current deadline is not set." +msgstr "返回当前终止点，或者如果未设置当前终止点则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:775 +msgid "Reschedule the timeout." +msgstr "重新安排超时。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Return whether the context manager has exceeded its deadline (expired)." +msgstr "返回上下文管理器是否已超出时限（过期）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:784 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" # We do not know the timeout when starting, so we pass ``None``.\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(None) as cm:\n" +" # We know the timeout now, so we reschedule it.\n" +" new_deadline = get_running_loop().time() + 10\n" +" cm.reschedule(new_deadline)\n" +"\n" +" await long_running_task()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" if cm.expired():\n" +" print(\"Looks like we haven't finished on time.\")" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" # 当开始时我们并不知道超时值，所以我们传入 ``None``。\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(None) as cm:\n" +" # 现在我们知道超时值了，所以我们将它重新加入计划任务。\n" +" new_deadline = get_running_loop().time() + 10\n" +" cm.reschedule(new_deadline)\n" +"\n" +" await long_running_task()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" if cm.expired():\n" +" print(\"Looks like we haven't finished on time.\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:799 +msgid "Timeout context managers can be safely nested." +msgstr "超时上下文管理器可以被安全地嵌套。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:805 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`asyncio.timeout`, except *when* is the absolute time to " +"stop waiting, or ``None``." +msgstr "类似于 :func:`asyncio.timeout`，不同之处在于 *when* 是停止等待的绝对时间，或者为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:810 +msgid "" +"async def main():\n" +" loop = get_running_loop()\n" +" deadline = loop.time() + 20\n" +" try:\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout_at(deadline):\n" +" await long_running_task()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" print(\"The long operation timed out, but we've handled it.\")\n" +"\n" +" print(\"This statement will run regardless.\")" +msgstr "" +"async def main():\n" +" loop = get_running_loop()\n" +" deadline = loop.time() + 20\n" +" try:\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout_at(deadline):\n" +" await long_running_task()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" print(\"The long operation timed out, but we've handled it.\")\n" +"\n" +" print(\"This statement will run regardless.\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:826 +msgid "" +"Wait for the *aw* :ref:`awaitable ` to complete with a " +"timeout." +msgstr "等待 *aw* :ref:`可等待对象 ` 完成，指定 timeout 秒数后超时。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:831 +msgid "" +"*timeout* can either be ``None`` or a float or int number of seconds to wait" +" for. If *timeout* is ``None``, block until the future completes." +msgstr "" +"*timeout* 可以为 ``None``，也可以为 float 或 int 型数值表示的等待秒数。如果 *timeout* 为 " +"``None``，则等待直到完成。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:835 +msgid "" +"If a timeout occurs, it cancels the task and raises :exc:`TimeoutError`." +msgstr "如果发生超时，将取消任务并引发 :exc:`TimeoutError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:838 +msgid "" +"To avoid the task :meth:`cancellation `, wrap it in " +":func:`shield`." +msgstr "要避免任务 :meth:`取消 `，可以加上 :func:`shield`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:841 +msgid "" +"The function will wait until the future is actually cancelled, so the total " +"wait time may exceed the *timeout*. If an exception happens during " +"cancellation, it is propagated." +msgstr "此函数将等待直到 Future 确实被取消，所以总等待时间可能超过 *timeout*。 如果在取消期间发生了异常，异常将会被传播。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:845 +msgid "If the wait is cancelled, the future *aw* is also cancelled." +msgstr "如果等待被取消，则 *aw* 指定的对象也会被取消。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:851 +msgid "" +"async def eternity():\n" +" # Sleep for one hour\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600)\n" +" print('yay!')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Wait for at most 1 second\n" +" try:\n" +" await asyncio.wait_for(eternity(), timeout=1.0)\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" print('timeout!')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# Expected output:\n" +"#\n" +"# timeout!" +msgstr "" +"async def eternity():\n" +" # 休眠一小时\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600)\n" +" print('yay!')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 等待至多 1 秒\n" +" try:\n" +" await asyncio.wait_for(eternity(), timeout=1.0)\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" print('timeout!')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# 预期的输出：\n" +"#\n" +"# timeout!" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:869 +msgid "" +"When *aw* is cancelled due to a timeout, ``wait_for`` waits for *aw* to be " +"cancelled. Previously, it raised :exc:`TimeoutError` immediately." +msgstr "" +"当 *aw* 由于超时被取消时，``wait_for`` 会等待 *aw* 被取消。 在之前版本中，它会立即引发 " +":exc:`TimeoutError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:877 +msgid "Raises :exc:`TimeoutError` instead of :exc:`asyncio.TimeoutError`." +msgstr "引发 :exc:`TimeoutError` 而不是 :exc:`asyncio.TimeoutError`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:882 +msgid "Waiting Primitives" +msgstr "简单等待" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:887 +msgid "" +"Run :class:`~asyncio.Future` and :class:`~asyncio.Task` instances in the " +"*aws* iterable concurrently and block until the condition specified by " +"*return_when*." +msgstr "" +"并发地运行 *aws* 可迭代对象中的 :class:`~asyncio.Future` 和 :class:`~asyncio.Task` " +"实例并进入阻塞状态直到满足 *return_when* 所指定的条件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:891 +msgid "The *aws* iterable must not be empty." +msgstr "*aws* 可迭代对象必须不为空。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:893 +msgid "Returns two sets of Tasks/Futures: ``(done, pending)``." +msgstr "返回两个 Task/Future 集合: ``(done, pending)``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:895 +msgid "Usage::" +msgstr "用法：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:897 +msgid "done, pending = await asyncio.wait(aws)" +msgstr "done, pending = await asyncio.wait(aws)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:899 +msgid "" +"*timeout* (a float or int), if specified, can be used to control the maximum" +" number of seconds to wait before returning." +msgstr "如指定 *timeout* (float 或 int 类型) 则它将被用于控制返回之前等待的最长秒数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:902 +msgid "" +"Note that this function does not raise :exc:`TimeoutError`. Futures or Tasks" +" that aren't done when the timeout occurs are simply returned in the second " +"set." +msgstr "" +"请注意此函数不会引发 :exc:`TimeoutError`。 当超时发生时尚未完成的 Future 或 Task 会在设定的秒数后被直接返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:906 +msgid "" +"*return_when* indicates when this function should return. It must be one of" +" the following constants:" +msgstr "*return_when* 指定此函数应在何时返回。它必须为以下常数之一:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:912 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:913 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:916 +msgid "The function will return when any future finishes or is cancelled." +msgstr "函数将在任意可等待对象结束或取消时返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:919 +msgid "" +"The function will return when any future finishes by raising an exception. " +"If no future raises an exception then it is equivalent to " +":const:`ALL_COMPLETED`." +msgstr "" +"该函数将在任何 future 对象通过引发异常而结束时返回。 如果没有任何 future 对象引发引发那么它将等价于 " +":const:`ALL_COMPLETED`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:924 +msgid "The function will return when all futures finish or are cancelled." +msgstr "函数将在所有可等待对象结束或取消时返回。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:926 +msgid "" +"Unlike :func:`~asyncio.wait_for`, ``wait()`` does not cancel the futures " +"when a timeout occurs." +msgstr "与 :func:`~asyncio.wait_for` 不同，``wait()`` 在超时发生时不会取消可等待对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:932 +msgid "Passing coroutine objects to ``wait()`` directly is forbidden." +msgstr "直接向 ``wait()`` 传入协程对象的方式已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:935 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:993 +msgid "Added support for generators yielding tasks." +msgstr "增加了对产生任务的生成器的支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:941 +msgid "" +"Run :ref:`awaitable objects ` in the *aws* iterable " +"concurrently. The returned object can be iterated to obtain the results of " +"the awaitables as they finish." +msgstr "" +"并发地运行 *aws* 可迭代对象中的 :ref:`可等待对象 `。 " +"返回的对象可以被迭代以获取可等待对象结束时的结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:945 +msgid "" +"The object returned by ``as_completed()`` can be iterated as an " +":term:`asynchronous iterator` or a plain :term:`iterator`. When asynchronous" +" iteration is used, the originally-supplied awaitables are yielded if they " +"are tasks or futures. This makes it easy to correlate previously-scheduled " +"tasks with their results. Example::" +msgstr "" +"由 ``as_completed()`` 返回的对象可作为 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 或普通的 " +":term:`iterator` 被迭代。 当使用异步迭代时，原来提供的可等待对象如果为 Task 或 Future 对象则会被产出。 " +"这样可以更容易地将之前加入计划的任务与其结果进行对应。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:951 +msgid "" +"ipv4_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"127.0.0.1\", 80))\n" +"ipv6_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"::1\", 80))\n" +"tasks = [ipv4_connect, ipv6_connect]\n" +"\n" +"async for earliest_connect in as_completed(tasks):\n" +" # earliest_connect is done. The result can be obtained by\n" +" # awaiting it or calling earliest_connect.result()\n" +" reader, writer = await earliest_connect\n" +"\n" +" if earliest_connect is ipv6_connect:\n" +" print(\"IPv6 connection established.\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"IPv4 connection established.\")" +msgstr "" +"ipv4_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"127.0.0.1\", 80))\n" +"ipv6_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"::1\", 80))\n" +"tasks = [ipv4_connect, ipv6_connect]\n" +"\n" +"async for earliest_connect in as_completed(tasks):\n" +" # earliest_connect 已完成。 要获取结果可通过等待它\n" +" # 或是调用 calling earliest_connect.result()\n" +" reader, writer = await earliest_connect\n" +"\n" +" if earliest_connect is ipv6_connect:\n" +" print(\"IPv6 connection established.\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"IPv4 connection established.\")" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:965 +msgid "" +"During asynchronous iteration, implicitly-created tasks will be yielded for " +"supplied awaitables that aren't tasks or futures." +msgstr "在异步迭代期间，将为不属于 Task 或 Future 对象的可等待对象产出隐式创建的任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:968 +msgid "" +"When used as a plain iterator, each iteration yields a new coroutine that " +"returns the result or raises the exception of the next completed awaitable. " +"This pattern is compatible with Python versions older than 3.13::" +msgstr "" +"当被用作普通的迭代器时，每次迭代将产出一个返回结果的新协程或是引发下一个完成的等待对象对应的异常。 此模式将与 Python 3.13 " +"之前的版本保持兼容::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:972 +msgid "" +"ipv4_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"127.0.0.1\", 80))\n" +"ipv6_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"::1\", 80))\n" +"tasks = [ipv4_connect, ipv6_connect]\n" +"\n" +"for next_connect in as_completed(tasks):\n" +" # next_connect is not one of the original task objects. It must be\n" +" # awaited to obtain the result value or raise the exception of the\n" +" # awaitable that finishes next.\n" +" reader, writer = await next_connect" +msgstr "" +"ipv4_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"127.0.0.1\", 80))\n" +"ipv6_connect = create_task(open_connection(\"::1\", 80))\n" +"tasks = [ipv4_connect, ipv6_connect]\n" +"\n" +"for next_connect in as_completed(tasks):\n" +" # next_connect 不是原始任务对象之一。\n" +" # 它必须被等待以获取结果值或是引发\n" +" # 接下来要结束的可等待对象的异常。\n" +" reader, writer = await next_connect" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:982 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`TimeoutError` is raised if the timeout occurs before all awaitables " +"are done. This is raised by the ``async for`` loop during asynchronous " +"iteration or by the coroutines yielded during plain iteration." +msgstr "" +"如果在所有可等待对象完成之前达到超时限制则会引发 :exc:`TimeoutError`。 这将在异步迭代期间由 ``async for`` " +"循环引发或是在普通迭代期间由所产出的协程引发。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if not all awaitable objects in the *aws* " +"iterable are Future-like objects and there is no running event loop." +msgstr "如果 *aws* 可迭代对象中的可等待对象不全为 Future 类对象并且没有正在运行的事件循环则会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:996 +msgid "" +"The result can now be used as either an :term:`asynchronous iterator` or as " +"a plain :term:`iterator` (previously it was only a plain iterator)." +msgstr "" +"该结果现在可被用作 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 或是普通的 :term:`iterator` " +"(在之前它只是普通的迭代器)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1002 +msgid "Running in Threads" +msgstr "在线程中运行" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1007 +msgid "Asynchronously run function *func* in a separate thread." +msgstr "在不同的线程中异步地运行函数 *func*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"Any \\*args and \\*\\*kwargs supplied for this function are directly passed " +"to *func*. Also, the current :class:`contextvars.Context` is propagated, " +"allowing context variables from the event loop thread to be accessed in the " +"separate thread." +msgstr "" +"向此函数提供的任何 \\*args 和 \\*\\*kwargs 会被直接传给 *func*。 并且，当前 " +":class:`contextvars.Context` 会被传播，允许在不同的线程中访问来自事件循环的上下文变量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"Return a coroutine that can be awaited to get the eventual result of *func*." +msgstr "返回一个可被等待以获取 *func* 的最终结果的协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"This coroutine function is primarily intended to be used for executing IO-" +"bound functions/methods that would otherwise block the event loop if they " +"were run in the main thread. For example::" +msgstr "这个协程函数主要是用于执行在其他情况下会阻塞事件循环的 IO 密集型函数/方法。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"def blocking_io():\n" +" print(f\"start blocking_io at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +" # Note that time.sleep() can be replaced with any blocking\n" +" # IO-bound operation, such as file operations.\n" +" time.sleep(1)\n" +" print(f\"blocking_io complete at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print(f\"started main at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.gather(\n" +" asyncio.to_thread(blocking_io),\n" +" asyncio.sleep(1))\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished main at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# Expected output:\n" +"#\n" +"# started main at 19:50:53\n" +"# start blocking_io at 19:50:53\n" +"# blocking_io complete at 19:50:54\n" +"# finished main at 19:50:54" +msgstr "" +"def blocking_io():\n" +" print(f\"start blocking_io at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +" # 请注意 time.sleep() 可被替换为任意一种\n" +" # 阻塞式 IO 密集型操作，例如文件操作。\n" +" time.sleep(1)\n" +" print(f\"blocking_io complete at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print(f\"started main at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +" await asyncio.gather(\n" +" asyncio.to_thread(blocking_io),\n" +" asyncio.sleep(1))\n" +"\n" +" print(f\"finished main at {time.strftime('%X')}\")\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# 预期的输出：\n" +"#\n" +"# started main at 19:50:53\n" +"# start blocking_io at 19:50:53\n" +"# blocking_io complete at 19:50:54\n" +"# finished main at 19:50:54" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"Directly calling ``blocking_io()`` in any coroutine would block the event " +"loop for its duration, resulting in an additional 1 second of run time. " +"Instead, by using ``asyncio.to_thread()``, we can run it in a separate " +"thread without blocking the event loop." +msgstr "" +"在任何协程中直接调用 ``blocking_io()`` 将会在调用期间阻塞事件循环，导致额外的 1 秒运行时间。 但是，通过改用 " +"``asyncio.to_thread()``，我们可以在单独的线程中运行它从而不会阻塞事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"Due to the :term:`GIL`, ``asyncio.to_thread()`` can typically only be used " +"to make IO-bound functions non-blocking. However, for extension modules that" +" release the GIL or alternative Python implementations that don't have one, " +"``asyncio.to_thread()`` can also be used for CPU-bound functions." +msgstr "" +"由于 :term:`GIL` 的存在，``asyncio.to_thread()`` 通常只能被用来将 IO 密集型函数变为非阻塞的。 但是，对于会释放" +" GIL 的扩展模块或无此限制的替代性 Python 实现来说，``asyncio.to_thread()`` 也可被用于 CPU 密集型函数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1062 +msgid "Scheduling From Other Threads" +msgstr "跨线程调度" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1066 +msgid "Submit a coroutine to the given event loop. Thread-safe." +msgstr "向指定事件循环提交一个协程。（线程安全）" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`concurrent.futures.Future` to wait for the result from " +"another OS thread." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`concurrent.futures.Future` 以等待来自其他 OS 线程的结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"This function is meant to be called from a different OS thread than the one " +"where the event loop is running. Example::" +msgstr "此函数应该从另一个 OS 线程中调用，而非事件循环运行所在线程。示例::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"# Create a coroutine\n" +"coro = asyncio.sleep(1, result=3)\n" +"\n" +"# Submit the coroutine to a given loop\n" +"future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(coro, loop)\n" +"\n" +"# Wait for the result with an optional timeout argument\n" +"assert future.result(timeout) == 3" +msgstr "" +"# 创建一个协程\n" +"coro = asyncio.sleep(1, result=3)\n" +"\n" +"# 将协程提交到给定的循环\n" +"future = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(coro, loop)\n" +"\n" +"# 等待结果并可选择设置超时参数\n" +"assert future.result(timeout) == 3" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"If an exception is raised in the coroutine, the returned Future will be " +"notified. It can also be used to cancel the task in the event loop::" +msgstr "如果在协程内产生了异常，将会通知返回的 Future 对象。它也可被用来取消事件循环中的任务::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" result = future.result(timeout)\n" +"except TimeoutError:\n" +" print('The coroutine took too long, cancelling the task...')\n" +" future.cancel()\n" +"except Exception as exc:\n" +" print(f'The coroutine raised an exception: {exc!r}')\n" +"else:\n" +" print(f'The coroutine returned: {result!r}')" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" result = future.result(timeout)\n" +"except TimeoutError:\n" +" print('The coroutine took too long, cancelling the task...')\n" +" future.cancel()\n" +"except Exception as exc:\n" +" print(f'The coroutine raised an exception: {exc!r}')\n" +"else:\n" +" print(f'The coroutine returned: {result!r}')" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"See the :ref:`concurrency and multithreading ` " +"section of the documentation." +msgstr "" +"参见 :ref:`concurrency and multithreading ` 部分的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"Unlike other asyncio functions this function requires the *loop* argument to" +" be passed explicitly." +msgstr "不同于其他 asyncio 函数，此函数要求显式地传入 *loop* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1107 +msgid "Introspection" +msgstr "内省" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1112 +msgid "" +"Return the currently running :class:`Task` instance, or ``None`` if no task " +"is running." +msgstr "返回当前运行的 :class:`Task` 实例，如果没有正在运行的任务则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"If *loop* is ``None`` :func:`get_running_loop` is used to get the current " +"loop." +msgstr "如果 *loop* 为 ``None`` 则会使用 :func:`get_running_loop` 获取当前事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1123 +msgid "" +"Return a set of not yet finished :class:`Task` objects run by the loop." +msgstr "返回事件循环所运行的未完成的 :class:`Task` 对象的集合。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"If *loop* is ``None``, :func:`get_running_loop` is used for getting current " +"loop." +msgstr "如果 *loop* 为 ``None``，则会使用 :func:`get_running_loop` 获取当前事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1134 +msgid "Return ``True`` if *obj* is a coroutine object." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 是一个协程对象则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1140 +msgid "Task Object" +msgstr "Task 对象" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Future-like ` object that runs a Python :ref:`coroutine " +"`. Not thread-safe." +msgstr "" +"一个与 :class:`Future 类似 ` 的对象，可运行 Python :ref:`协程 `。非线程安全。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"Tasks are used to run coroutines in event loops. If a coroutine awaits on a " +"Future, the Task suspends the execution of the coroutine and waits for the " +"completion of the Future. When the Future is *done*, the execution of the " +"wrapped coroutine resumes." +msgstr "" +"Task 对象被用来在事件循环中运行协程。如果一个协程在等待一个 Future 对象，Task 对象会挂起该协程的执行并等待该 Future " +"对象完成。当该 Future 对象 *完成*，被打包的协程将恢复执行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"Event loops use cooperative scheduling: an event loop runs one Task at a " +"time. While a Task awaits for the completion of a Future, the event loop " +"runs other Tasks, callbacks, or performs IO operations." +msgstr "" +"事件循环使用协同日程调度: 一个事件循环每次运行一个 Task 对象。而一个 Task 对象会等待一个 Future 对象完成，该事件循环会运行其他 " +"Task、回调或执行 IO 操作。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"Use the high-level :func:`asyncio.create_task` function to create Tasks, or " +"the low-level :meth:`loop.create_task` or :func:`ensure_future` functions. " +"Manual instantiation of Tasks is discouraged." +msgstr "" +"使用高层级的 :func:`asyncio.create_task` 函数来创建 Task 对象，也可用低层级的 " +":meth:`loop.create_task` 或 :func:`ensure_future` 函数。不建议手动实例化 Task 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1163 +msgid "" +"To cancel a running Task use the :meth:`cancel` method. Calling it will " +"cause the Task to throw a :exc:`CancelledError` exception into the wrapped " +"coroutine. If a coroutine is awaiting on a Future object during " +"cancellation, the Future object will be cancelled." +msgstr "" +"要取消一个正在运行的 Task 对象可使用 :meth:`cancel` 方法。调用此方法将使该 Task 对象抛出一个 " +":exc:`CancelledError` 异常给打包的协程。如果取消期间一个协程正在对 Future 对象执行 await，该 Future " +"对象也将被取消。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1168 +msgid "" +":meth:`cancelled` can be used to check if the Task was cancelled. The method" +" returns ``True`` if the wrapped coroutine did not suppress the " +":exc:`CancelledError` exception and was actually cancelled." +msgstr "" +":meth:`cancelled` 可被用来检测 Task 对象是否被取消。如果打包的协程没有抑制 :exc:`CancelledError` " +"异常并且确实被取消，该方法将返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1173 +msgid "" +":class:`asyncio.Task` inherits from :class:`Future` all of its APIs except " +":meth:`Future.set_result` and :meth:`Future.set_exception`." +msgstr "" +":class:`asyncio.Task` 从 :class:`Future` 继承了其除 :meth:`Future.set_result` 和 " +":meth:`Future.set_exception` 以外的所有 API。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"An optional keyword-only *context* argument allows specifying a custom " +":class:`contextvars.Context` for the *coro* to run in. If no *context* is " +"provided, the Task copies the current context and later runs its coroutine " +"in the copied context." +msgstr "" +"可选的仅限关键字参数 *context* 允许指定自定义的 :class:`contextvars.Context` 供 *coro* 运行。 " +"如果未提供 *context*，Task 将拷贝当前上下文并随后在拷贝的上下文中运行其协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1182 +msgid "" +"An optional keyword-only *eager_start* argument allows eagerly starting the " +"execution of the :class:`asyncio.Task` at task creation time. If set to " +"``True`` and the event loop is running, the task will start executing the " +"coroutine immediately, until the first time the coroutine blocks. If the " +"coroutine returns or raises without blocking, the task will be finished " +"eagerly and will skip scheduling to the event loop." +msgstr "" +"可选的仅限关键字参数 *eager_start* 允许在任务创建时主动开始 :class:`asyncio.Task` 的执行。 如果设为 " +"``True`` 并且事件循环正在运行，任务将立即开始执行协程，直到该协程第一次阻塞。 " +"如果协程未发生阻塞即返回或引发异常，任务将主动结束并将跳过向事件循环添加计划任务。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1189 +msgid "Added support for the :mod:`contextvars` module." +msgstr "加入对 :mod:`contextvars` 模块的支持。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1195 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is emitted if *loop* is not specified and there is no " +"running event loop." +msgstr "如果未指定 *loop* 并且没有正在运行的事件循环则会发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1202 +msgid "Added the *eager_start* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *eager_start* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1207 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the Task is *done*." +msgstr "如果 Task 对象 *已完成* 则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1209 +msgid "" +"A Task is *done* when the wrapped coroutine either returned a value, raised " +"an exception, or the Task was cancelled." +msgstr "当 Task 所封包的协程返回一个值、引发一个异常或 Task 本身被取消时，则会被认为 *已完成*。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1214 +msgid "Return the result of the Task." +msgstr "返回 Task 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1216 +msgid "" +"If the Task is *done*, the result of the wrapped coroutine is returned (or " +"if the coroutine raised an exception, that exception is re-raised.)" +msgstr "如果 Task 对象 *已完成*，其封包的协程的结果会被返回 (或者当协程引发异常时，该异常会被重新引发。)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1220 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1234 +msgid "" +"If the Task has been *cancelled*, this method raises a :exc:`CancelledError`" +" exception." +msgstr "如果 Task 对象 *被取消*，此方法会引发一个 :exc:`CancelledError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"If the Task's result isn't yet available, this method raises an " +":exc:`InvalidStateError` exception." +msgstr "如果 Task 对象的结果还不可用，此方法会引发一个 :exc:`InvalidStateError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1228 +msgid "Return the exception of the Task." +msgstr "返回 Task 对象的异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1230 +msgid "" +"If the wrapped coroutine raised an exception that exception is returned. If" +" the wrapped coroutine returned normally this method returns ``None``." +msgstr "如果所封包的协程引发了一个异常，该异常将被返回。如果所封包的协程正常返回则该方法将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"If the Task isn't *done* yet, this method raises an :exc:`InvalidStateError`" +" exception." +msgstr "如果 Task 对象尚未 *完成*，此方法将引发一个 :exc:`InvalidStateError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1242 +msgid "Add a callback to be run when the Task is *done*." +msgstr "添加一个回调，将在 Task 对象 *完成* 时被运行。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1244 ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1253 +msgid "This method should only be used in low-level callback-based code." +msgstr "此方法应该仅在低层级的基于回调的代码中使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1246 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of :meth:`Future.add_done_callback` for more details." +msgstr "要了解更多细节请查看 :meth:`Future.add_done_callback` 的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1251 +msgid "Remove *callback* from the callbacks list." +msgstr "从回调列表中移除 *callback* 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1255 +msgid "" +"See the documentation of :meth:`Future.remove_done_callback` for more " +"details." +msgstr "要了解更多细节请查看 :meth:`Future.remove_done_callback` 的文档。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1260 +msgid "Return the list of stack frames for this Task." +msgstr "返回此 Task 对象的栈框架列表。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1262 +msgid "" +"If the wrapped coroutine is not done, this returns the stack where it is " +"suspended. If the coroutine has completed successfully or was cancelled, " +"this returns an empty list. If the coroutine was terminated by an exception," +" this returns the list of traceback frames." +msgstr "" +"如果所封包的协程未完成，这将返回其挂起所在的栈。如果协程已成功完成或被取消，这将返回一个空列表。如果协程被一个异常终止，这将返回回溯框架列表。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1268 +msgid "The frames are always ordered from oldest to newest." +msgstr "框架总是从按从旧到新排序。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1270 +msgid "Only one stack frame is returned for a suspended coroutine." +msgstr "每个被挂起的协程只返回一个栈框架。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1272 +msgid "" +"The optional *limit* argument sets the maximum number of frames to return; " +"by default all available frames are returned. The ordering of the returned " +"list differs depending on whether a stack or a traceback is returned: the " +"newest frames of a stack are returned, but the oldest frames of a traceback " +"are returned. (This matches the behavior of the traceback module.)" +msgstr "" +"可选的 *limit* " +"参数指定返回框架的数量上限；默认返回所有框架。返回列表的顺序要看是返回一个栈还是一个回溯：栈返回最新的框架，回溯返回最旧的框架。(这与 " +"traceback 模块的行为保持一致。)" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1281 +msgid "Print the stack or traceback for this Task." +msgstr "打印此 Task 对象的栈或回溯。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1283 +msgid "" +"This produces output similar to that of the traceback module for the frames " +"retrieved by :meth:`get_stack`." +msgstr "此方法产生的输出类似于 traceback 模块通过 :meth:`get_stack` 所获取的框架。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1286 +msgid "The *limit* argument is passed to :meth:`get_stack` directly." +msgstr "*limit* 参数会直接传递给 :meth:`get_stack`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"The *file* argument is an I/O stream to which the output is written; by " +"default output is written to :data:`sys.stdout`." +msgstr "*file* 参数是输出所写入的 I/O 流；在默认情况下输出会写入到 :data:`sys.stdout`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1293 +msgid "Return the coroutine object wrapped by the :class:`Task`." +msgstr "返回由 :class:`Task` 包装的协程对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1297 +msgid "" +"This will return ``None`` for Tasks which have already completed eagerly. " +"See the :ref:`Eager Task Factory `." +msgstr "这对于已经主动完成的任务将返回 ``None``。 参见 :ref:`主动任务工厂 `。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1304 +msgid "Newly added eager task execution means result may be ``None``." +msgstr "新增加的主动任务执行意味着结果可能为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1308 +msgid "" +"Return the :class:`contextvars.Context` object associated with the task." +msgstr "返回关联到该任务的 :class:`contextvars.Context` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1315 +msgid "Return the name of the Task." +msgstr "返回 Task 的名称。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"If no name has been explicitly assigned to the Task, the default asyncio " +"Task implementation generates a default name during instantiation." +msgstr "如果没有一个 Task 名称被显式地赋值，默认的 asyncio Task 实现会在实例化期间生成一个默认名称。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1325 +msgid "Set the name of the Task." +msgstr "设置 Task 的名称。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"The *value* argument can be any object, which is then converted to a string." +msgstr "*value* 参数可以为任意对象，它随后会被转换为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"In the default Task implementation, the name will be visible in the " +":func:`repr` output of a task object." +msgstr "在默认的 Task 实现中，名称将在任务对象的 :func:`repr` 输出中可见。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1337 +msgid "Request the Task to be cancelled." +msgstr "请求取消 Task 对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"If the Task is already *done* or *cancelled*, return ``False``, otherwise, " +"return ``True``." +msgstr "如果该 Task 已经 *完成* 或 *取消*，则返回 ``False``，否则，将返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1342 +msgid "" +"The method arranges for a :exc:`CancelledError` exception to be thrown into " +"the wrapped coroutine on the next cycle of the event loop." +msgstr "该方法将安排在下一轮事件循环中将 :exc:`CancelledError` 异常抛出给被封包的协程。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"The coroutine then has a chance to clean up or even deny the request by " +"suppressing the exception with a :keyword:`try` ... ... ``except " +"CancelledError`` ... :keyword:`finally` block. Therefore, unlike " +":meth:`Future.cancel`, :meth:`Task.cancel` does not guarantee that the Task " +"will be cancelled, although suppressing cancellation completely is not " +"common and is actively discouraged. Should the coroutine nevertheless " +"decide to suppress the cancellation, it needs to call :meth:`Task.uncancel` " +"in addition to catching the exception." +msgstr "" +"协程随后将有机会进行清理甚至通过 :keyword:`try` ... ... ``except CancelledError`` ... " +":keyword:`finally` 代码块抑制异常来拒绝请求。 因此，不同于 :meth:`Future.cancel`, " +":meth:`Task.cancel` 不保证 Task 会被取消，虽然完全抑制撤销并不常见也很不建议这样做。 " +"但是如果协程决定要抑制撤销，那么它需要额外调用 :meth:`Task.uncancel` 来捕获异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1355 +msgid "Added the *msg* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *msg* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1358 +msgid "" +"The ``msg`` parameter is propagated from cancelled task to its awaiter." +msgstr "``msg`` 形参将从被取消的任务传播到其等待方。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1363 +msgid "" +"The following example illustrates how coroutines can intercept the " +"cancellation request::" +msgstr "以下示例演示了协程是如何侦听取消请求的::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"async def cancel_me():\n" +" print('cancel_me(): before sleep')\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" # Wait for 1 hour\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600)\n" +" except asyncio.CancelledError:\n" +" print('cancel_me(): cancel sleep')\n" +" raise\n" +" finally:\n" +" print('cancel_me(): after sleep')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # Create a \"cancel_me\" Task\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(cancel_me())\n" +"\n" +" # Wait for 1 second\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +"\n" +" task.cancel()\n" +" try:\n" +" await task\n" +" except asyncio.CancelledError:\n" +" print(\"main(): cancel_me is cancelled now\")\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# Expected output:\n" +"#\n" +"# cancel_me(): before sleep\n" +"# cancel_me(): cancel sleep\n" +"# cancel_me(): after sleep\n" +"# main(): cancel_me is cancelled now" +msgstr "" +"async def cancel_me():\n" +" print('cancel_me(): before sleep')\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" # 等待 1 小时\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(3600)\n" +" except asyncio.CancelledError:\n" +" print('cancel_me(): cancel sleep')\n" +" raise\n" +" finally:\n" +" print('cancel_me(): after sleep')\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # 创建一个 \"cancel_me\" 任务\n" +" task = asyncio.create_task(cancel_me())\n" +"\n" +" # 等待 1 秒\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +"\n" +" task.cancel()\n" +" try:\n" +" await task\n" +" except asyncio.CancelledError:\n" +" print(\"main(): cancel_me is cancelled now\")\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# 预期的输出：\n" +"#\n" +"# cancel_me(): before sleep\n" +"# cancel_me(): cancel sleep\n" +"# cancel_me(): after sleep\n" +"# main(): cancel_me is cancelled now" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1402 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the Task is *cancelled*." +msgstr "如果 Task 对象 *被取消* 则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1404 +msgid "" +"The Task is *cancelled* when the cancellation was requested with " +":meth:`cancel` and the wrapped coroutine propagated the " +":exc:`CancelledError` exception thrown into it." +msgstr "" +"当使用 :meth:`cancel` 发出取消请求时 Task 会被 *取消*，其封包的协程将传播被抛入的 :exc:`CancelledError` " +"异常。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1410 +msgid "Decrement the count of cancellation requests to this Task." +msgstr "递减对此任务的取消请求计数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1412 +msgid "Returns the remaining number of cancellation requests." +msgstr "返回剩余的取消请求数量。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1414 +msgid "" +"Note that once execution of a cancelled task completed, further calls to " +":meth:`uncancel` are ineffective." +msgstr "请注意一旦被取消的任务执行完成，继续调用 :meth:`uncancel` 将是低效的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"This method is used by asyncio's internals and isn't expected to be used by " +"end-user code. In particular, if a Task gets successfully uncancelled, this" +" allows for elements of structured concurrency like :ref:`taskgroups` and " +":func:`asyncio.timeout` to continue running, isolating cancellation to the " +"respective structured block. For example::" +msgstr "" +"此方法是供 asyncio 内部使用而不应被最终用户代码所使用。 特别地，在一个 Task 成功地保持未取消状态的时候使用，这可以允许结构化的并发元素如" +" :ref:`taskgroups` 和 :func:`asyncio.timeout` 继续运行，将取消操作隔离在相应的结构化代码块中。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"async def make_request_with_timeout():\n" +" try:\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(1):\n" +" # Structured block affected by the timeout:\n" +" await make_request()\n" +" await make_another_request()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" log(\"There was a timeout\")\n" +" # Outer code not affected by the timeout:\n" +" await unrelated_code()" +msgstr "" +"async def make_request_with_timeout():\n" +" try:\n" +" async with asyncio.timeout(1):\n" +" # 受超时影响的结构块：\n" +" await make_request()\n" +" await make_another_request()\n" +" except TimeoutError:\n" +" log(\"There was a timeout\")\n" +" # 不受超时影响的外层代码：\n" +" await unrelated_code()" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"While the block with ``make_request()`` and ``make_another_request()`` might" +" get cancelled due to the timeout, ``unrelated_code()`` should continue " +"running even in case of the timeout. This is implemented with " +":meth:`uncancel`. :class:`TaskGroup` context managers use :func:`uncancel` " +"in a similar fashion." +msgstr "" +"带有 ``make_request()`` 和 ``make_another_request()`` 的代码块可能因超时而被取消，而 " +"``unrelated_code()`` 应当在超时的情况下继续运行。 这是通过 :meth:`uncancel` 实现的。 " +":class:`TaskGroup` 上下文管理器也会以类似的方式来使用 :func:`uncancel`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"If end-user code is, for some reason, suppressing cancellation by catching " +":exc:`CancelledError`, it needs to call this method to remove the " +"cancellation state." +msgstr "如果最终用户代码出于某种原因通过捕获 :exc:`CancelledError` 抑制撤销操作，那么它需要调用此方法来移除撤销状态。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"When this method decrements the cancellation count to zero, the method " +"checks if a previous :meth:`cancel` call had arranged for " +":exc:`CancelledError` to be thrown into the task. If it hasn't been thrown " +"yet, that arrangement will be rescinded (by resetting the internal " +"``_must_cancel`` flag)." +msgstr "" +"当该方法将取消计数递减至零，该方法会检查之前的 :meth:`cancel` 调用是否已安排将 :exc:`CancelledError` " +"抛出到任务中。 如果尚未抛出，则该安排将被撤销（通过重置内部的 ``_must_cancel`` 旗标 ）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1453 +msgid "Changed to rescind pending cancellation requests upon reaching zero." +msgstr "更改为在到达零值时撤回待处理的取消请求。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"Return the number of pending cancellation requests to this Task, i.e., the " +"number of calls to :meth:`cancel` less the number of :meth:`uncancel` calls." +msgstr "返回对此 Task 的挂起请求次数，即对 :meth:`cancel` 的调用次数减去 :meth:`uncancel` 的调用次数。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1462 +msgid "" +"Note that if this number is greater than zero but the Task is still " +"executing, :meth:`cancelled` will still return ``False``. This is because " +"this number can be lowered by calling :meth:`uncancel`, which can lead to " +"the task not being cancelled after all if the cancellation requests go down " +"to zero." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果该数字大于零但相应 Task 仍在执行，:meth:`cancelled` 仍将返回 ``False``。 这是因此该数字可通过调用 " +":meth:`uncancel` 来减少，这会导致任务在取消请求降到零时尚未被取消。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio-task.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"This method is used by asyncio's internals and isn't expected to be used by " +"end-user code. See :meth:`uncancel` for more details." +msgstr "此方法是供 asyncio 内部使用而不应被最终用户代码所使用。 请参阅 :meth:`uncancel` 了解详情。" diff --git a/library/asyncio.po b/library/asyncio.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..086eb3bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncio.po @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:91 +msgid "High-level APIs" +msgstr "高层级 API" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:103 +msgid "Low-level APIs" +msgstr "低层级 API" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:114 +msgid "Guides and Tutorials" +msgstr "指南与教程" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!asyncio` --- Asynchronous I/O" +msgstr ":mod:`!asyncio` --- 异步 I/O" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst-1 +msgid "Hello World!" +msgstr "Hello World!" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:13 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print('Hello ...')\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('... World!')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" print('Hello ...')\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('... World!')\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:22 +msgid "" +"asyncio is a library to write **concurrent** code using the **async/await** " +"syntax." +msgstr "asyncio 是用来编写 **并发** 代码的库，使用 **async/await** 语法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:25 +msgid "" +"asyncio is used as a foundation for multiple Python asynchronous frameworks " +"that provide high-performance network and web-servers, database connection " +"libraries, distributed task queues, etc." +msgstr "asyncio 被用作多个提供高性能 Python 异步框架的基础，包括网络和网站服务，数据库连接库，分布式任务队列等等。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:29 +msgid "" +"asyncio is often a perfect fit for IO-bound and high-level **structured** " +"network code." +msgstr "asyncio 往往是构建 IO 密集型和高层级 **结构化** 网络代码的最佳选择。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:32 +msgid "asyncio provides a set of **high-level** APIs to:" +msgstr "asyncio 提供一组 **高层级** API 用于:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:34 +msgid "" +":ref:`run Python coroutines ` concurrently and have full control " +"over their execution;" +msgstr "并发地 :ref:`运行 Python 协程 ` 并对其执行过程实现完全控制;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:37 +msgid "perform :ref:`network IO and IPC `;" +msgstr "执行 :ref:`网络 IO 和 IPC `;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:39 +msgid "control :ref:`subprocesses `;" +msgstr "控制 :ref:`子进程 `;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:41 +msgid "distribute tasks via :ref:`queues `;" +msgstr "通过 :ref:`队列 ` 实现分布式任务;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:43 +msgid ":ref:`synchronize ` concurrent code;" +msgstr ":ref:`同步 ` 并发代码;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Additionally, there are **low-level** APIs for *library and framework " +"developers* to:" +msgstr "此外，还有一些 **低层级** API 以支持 *库和框架的开发者* 实现:" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:48 +msgid "" +"create and manage :ref:`event loops `, which provide " +"asynchronous APIs for :ref:`networking `, running " +":ref:`subprocesses `, handling :ref:`OS signals " +"`, etc;" +msgstr "" +"创建和管理 :ref:`事件循环 `，它提供用于 :ref:`连接网络 " +"`, 运行 :ref:`子进程 `, 处理 :ref:`OS 信号 " +"` 等功能的异步 API；" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:53 +msgid "" +"implement efficient protocols using :ref:`transports `;" +msgstr "使用 :ref:`transports ` 实现高效率协议;" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:56 +msgid "" +":ref:`bridge ` callback-based libraries and code with " +"async/await syntax." +msgstr "通过 async/await 语法 :ref:`桥接 ` 基于回调的库和代码。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:64 +msgid "asyncio REPL" +msgstr "asyncio REPL" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:65 +msgid "" +"You can experiment with an ``asyncio`` concurrent context in the " +":term:`REPL`:" +msgstr "你可以在 :term:`REPL` 中尝试使用 ``asyncio`` 并发上下文：" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:67 +msgid "" +"$ python -m asyncio\n" +"asyncio REPL ...\n" +"Use \"await\" directly instead of \"asyncio.run()\".\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>> import asyncio\n" +">>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello')\n" +"'hello'" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m asyncio\n" +"asyncio REPL ...\n" +"Use \"await\" directly instead of \"asyncio.run()\".\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>> import asyncio\n" +">>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello')\n" +"'hello'" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``cpython.run_stdin`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.run_stdin``。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:79 +msgid "(also 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20, and 3.8.20) Emits audit events." +msgstr "（还有 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20 和 3.8.20） 将发出审计事件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is also " +"executed. Emits audit events." +msgstr "如果无法做到则使用 PyREPL，在此情况下 :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` 也会被执行。 将发出审计事件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:90 +msgid "Reference" +msgstr "参考" + +#: ../../library/asyncio.rst:123 +msgid "The source code for asyncio can be found in :source:`Lib/asyncio/`." +msgstr "asyncio 的源代码可以在 :source:`Lib/asyncio/` 中找到。" diff --git a/library/asyncore.po b/library/asyncore.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32ca48137 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/asyncore.po @@ -0,0 +1,422 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`asyncore` --- Asynchronous socket handler" +msgstr ":mod:`asyncore` --- 异步套接字处理器" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:14 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncore.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/asyncore.py`" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:16 +msgid "" +":mod:`asyncore` will be removed in Python 3.12 (see :pep:`PEP 594 " +"<594#asyncore>` for details). Please use :mod:`asyncio` instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncore` 将在 Python 3.12 版被移除（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#asyncore>` 了解详情）。" +" 请改用 :mod:`asyncio`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:25 +msgid "" +"This module exists for backwards compatibility only. For new code we " +"recommend using :mod:`asyncio`." +msgstr "该模块仅为提供向后兼容。我们推荐在新代码中使用 :mod:`asyncio` 。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:28 +msgid "" +"This module provides the basic infrastructure for writing asynchronous " +"socket service clients and servers." +msgstr "该模块提供用于编写异步套接字服务客户端与服务端的基础构件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:31 +msgid "" +"There are only two ways to have a program on a single processor do \"more " +"than one thing at a time.\" Multi-threaded programming is the simplest and " +"most popular way to do it, but there is another very different technique, " +"that lets you have nearly all the advantages of multi-threading, without " +"actually using multiple threads. It's really only practical if your " +"program is largely I/O bound. If your program is processor bound, then pre-" +"emptive scheduled threads are probably what you really need. Network " +"servers are rarely processor bound, however." +msgstr "" +"只有两种方法让单个处理器上的程序“同一时间完成不止一件事”。 " +"多线程编程是最简单和最流行的方法，但是还有另一种非常不同的技术，它可以让你拥有多线程的几乎所有优点，而无需实际使用多线程。 它仅仅在你的程序主要受 " +"I/O 限制时有用，那么。 如果你的程序受处理器限制，那么先发制人的预定线程可能就是你真正需要的。 但是，网络服务器很少受处理器限制。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:40 +msgid "" +"If your operating system supports the :c:func:`select` system call in its " +"I/O library (and nearly all do), then you can use it to juggle multiple " +"communication channels at once; doing other work while your I/O is taking " +"place in the \"background.\" Although this strategy can seem strange and " +"complex, especially at first, it is in many ways easier to understand and " +"control than multi-threaded programming. The :mod:`asyncore` module solves " +"many of the difficult problems for you, making the task of building " +"sophisticated high-performance network servers and clients a snap. For " +"\"conversational\" applications and protocols the companion :mod:`asynchat` " +"module is invaluable." +msgstr "" +"如果你的操作系统在其 I/O 库中支持 :c:func:`select` 系统调用（几乎所有操作系统），那么你可以使用它来同时处理多个通信通道；在 " +"I/O 正在“后台”时进行其他工作。 虽然这种策略看起来很奇怪和复杂，特别是起初，它在很多方面比多线程编程更容易理解和控制。 " +":mod:`asyncore` 模块为您解决了许多难题，使得构建复杂的高性能网络服务器和客户端的任务变得轻而易举。 对于“会话”应用程序和协议，伴侣 " +":mod:`asynchat` 模块是非常宝贵的。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The basic idea behind both modules is to create one or more network " +"*channels*, instances of class :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` and " +":class:`asynchat.async_chat`. Creating the channels adds them to a global " +"map, used by the :func:`loop` function if you do not provide it with your " +"own *map*." +msgstr "" +"这两个模块背后的基本思想是创建一个或多个网络 *通道* ，类的实例 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher` 和 " +":class:`asynchat.async_chat` 。 创建通道会将它们添加到全局映射中，如果你不为它提供自己的 *映射* ，则由 " +":func:`loop` 函数使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Once the initial channel(s) is(are) created, calling the :func:`loop` " +"function activates channel service, which continues until the last channel " +"(including any that have been added to the map during asynchronous service) " +"is closed." +msgstr "" +"一旦创建了初始通道，调用 :func:`loop` " +"函数将激活通道服务，该服务将一直持续到最后一个通道（包括在异步服务期间已添加到映射中的任何通道）关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Enter a polling loop that terminates after count passes or all open channels" +" have been closed. All arguments are optional. The *count* parameter " +"defaults to ``None``, resulting in the loop terminating only when all " +"channels have been closed. The *timeout* argument sets the timeout " +"parameter for the appropriate :func:`~select.select` or :func:`~select.poll`" +" call, measured in seconds; the default is 30 seconds. The *use_poll* " +"parameter, if true, indicates that :func:`~select.poll` should be used in " +"preference to :func:`~select.select` (the default is ``False``)." +msgstr "" +"进入一个轮询循环，其在循环计数超出或所有打开的通道关闭后终止。 所有参数都是可选的。 *count* 形参默认为 ``None`` " +"，导致循环仅在所有通道关闭时终止。 *timeout* 形参为适当的 :func:`~select.select` 或 " +":func:`~select.poll` 调用设置超时参数，以秒为单位; 默认值为30秒。 *use_poll* 形参，如果为 True ，则表示 " +":func:`~select.poll` 应优先使用 :func:`~select.select` (默认为``False``)。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:73 +msgid "" +"The *map* parameter is a dictionary whose items are the channels to watch. " +"As channels are closed they are deleted from their map. If *map* is " +"omitted, a global map is used. Channels (instances of " +":class:`asyncore.dispatcher`, :class:`asynchat.async_chat` and subclasses " +"thereof) can freely be mixed in the map." +msgstr "" +"*map* 形参是一个条目为所监视通道的字典。 当通道关闭时它们会被从映射中删除。 如果省略 *map*，则会使用一个全局映射。 通道 " +"(:class:`asyncore.dispatcher`, :class:`asynchat.async_chat` 及其子类的实例) " +"可以在映射中任意混合。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The :class:`dispatcher` class is a thin wrapper around a low-level socket " +"object. To make it more useful, it has a few methods for event-handling " +"which are called from the asynchronous loop. Otherwise, it can be treated " +"as a normal non-blocking socket object." +msgstr "" +":class:`dispatcher` 类是对低层级套接字对象的轻量包装器。 要让它更有用处，可以从异步循环调用一些事件处理方法。 " +"在其他方面，它可以被当作是普通的非阻塞型套接字对象。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:87 +msgid "" +"The firing of low-level events at certain times or in certain connection " +"states tells the asynchronous loop that certain higher-level events have " +"taken place. For example, if we have asked for a socket to connect to " +"another host, we know that the connection has been made when the socket " +"becomes writable for the first time (at this point you know that you may " +"write to it with the expectation of success). The implied higher-level " +"events are:" +msgstr "" +"在特定时间或特定连接状态下触发的低层级事件可通知异步循环发生了特定的高层级事件。 " +"例如，如果我们请求了一个套接字以连接到另一台主机，我们会在套接字首次变得可写时得知连接已建立（在此刻你将知道可以向其写入并预期能够成功）。 " +"包含的高层级事件有:" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:96 +msgid "Event" +msgstr "事件" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:96 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:98 +msgid "``handle_connect()``" +msgstr "``handle_connect()``" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:98 +msgid "Implied by the first read or write event" +msgstr "由首个读取或写入事件引起" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:101 +msgid "``handle_close()``" +msgstr "``handle_close()``" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:101 +msgid "Implied by a read event with no data available" +msgstr "由不带可用数据的读取事件引起" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:104 +msgid "``handle_accepted()``" +msgstr "``handle_accepted()``" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:104 +msgid "Implied by a read event on a listening socket" +msgstr "由在监听套接字上的读取事件引起" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:108 +msgid "" +"During asynchronous processing, each mapped channel's :meth:`readable` and " +":meth:`writable` methods are used to determine whether the channel's socket " +"should be added to the list of channels :c:func:`select`\\ ed or " +":c:func:`poll`\\ ed for read and write events." +msgstr "" +"在异步处理过程中，每个已映射通道的 :meth:`readable` 和 :meth:`writable` " +"方法会被用来确定是否要将通道的套接字添加到已执行 :c:func:`select` 或 :c:func:`poll` 用于读取和写入事件的通道列表中。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Thus, the set of channel events is larger than the basic socket events. The" +" full set of methods that can be overridden in your subclass follows:" +msgstr "因此，通道事件的集合要大于基本套接字事件。 可以在你的子类中被重载的全部方法集合如下:" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Called when the asynchronous loop detects that a :meth:`read` call on the " +"channel's socket will succeed." +msgstr "当异步循环检测到通道的套接字上的 :meth:`read` 调用将要成功时会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Called when the asynchronous loop detects that a writable socket can be " +"written. Often this method will implement the necessary buffering for " +"performance. For example::" +msgstr "当异步循环检测到一个可写套接字可以被写入时会被调用。 通常此方法将实现必要的缓冲机制以保证运行效率。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Called when there is out of band (OOB) data for a socket connection. This " +"will almost never happen, as OOB is tenuously supported and rarely used." +msgstr "当一个套接字连接存在带外（OOB）数据时会被调用。 这几乎从来不会发生，因为 OOB 虽然受支持但很少被使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Called when the active opener's socket actually makes a connection. Might " +"send a \"welcome\" banner, or initiate a protocol negotiation with the " +"remote endpoint, for example." +msgstr "当活动打开方的套接字实际建立连接时会被调用。 可能会发送一条“欢迎”消息，或者向远程端点发起协议协商等。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:149 +msgid "Called when the socket is closed." +msgstr "当套接字关闭时会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Called when an exception is raised and not otherwise handled. The default " +"version prints a condensed traceback." +msgstr "当一个异常被引发并且未获得其他处理时会被调用。 默认版本将打印精简的回溯信息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Called on listening channels (passive openers) when a connection can be " +"established with a new remote endpoint that has issued a :meth:`connect` " +"call for the local endpoint. Deprecated in version 3.2; use " +":meth:`handle_accepted` instead." +msgstr "" +"当可以与发起对本地端点的 :meth:`connect` 调用的新远程端点建立连接时会在侦听通道（被动打开方）上被调用。 在 3.2 " +"版中已被弃用；请改用 :meth:`handle_accepted`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Called on listening channels (passive openers) when a connection has been " +"established with a new remote endpoint that has issued a :meth:`connect` " +"call for the local endpoint. *sock* is a *new* socket object usable to send" +" and receive data on the connection, and *addr* is the address bound to the " +"socket on the other end of the connection." +msgstr "" +"当与发起对本地端点的 :meth:`connect` 调用的新远程端点已建立连接时会在侦听通道（被动打开方）上被调用。 *sock* " +"是可被用于在连接上发送和接收数据的 *新建* 套接字对象，而 *addr* 是绑定到连接另一端的套接字的地址。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Called each time around the asynchronous loop to determine whether a " +"channel's socket should be added to the list on which read events can occur." +" The default method simply returns ``True``, indicating that by default, " +"all channels will be interested in read events." +msgstr "" +"每次在异步循环之外被调用以确定是否应当将一个通道的套接字添加到可能在其上发生读取事件的列表中。 默认方法会简单地返回 " +"``True``，表示在默认情况下，所有通道都希望能读取事件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Called each time around the asynchronous loop to determine whether a " +"channel's socket should be added to the list on which write events can " +"occur. The default method simply returns ``True``, indicating that by " +"default, all channels will be interested in write events." +msgstr "" +"每次在异步循环之外被调用以确定是否应当将一个通道的套接字添加到可能在其上发生写入事件的列表中。 默认方法会简单地返回 " +"``True``，表示在默认情况下，所有通道都希望能写入事件。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:195 +msgid "" +"In addition, each channel delegates or extends many of the socket methods. " +"Most of these are nearly identical to their socket partners." +msgstr "此外，每个通道都委托或扩展了许多套接字方法。 它们大部分都与其套接字的对应方法几乎一样。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:201 +msgid "" +"This is identical to the creation of a normal socket, and will use the same " +"options for creation. Refer to the :mod:`socket` documentation for " +"information on creating sockets." +msgstr "这与普通套接字的创建相同，并会使用同样的创建选项。 请参阅 :mod:`socket` 文档了解有关创建套接字的信息。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:205 +msgid "*family* and *type* arguments can be omitted." +msgstr "*family* 和 *type* 参数可以被省略。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:211 +msgid "" +"As with the normal socket object, *address* is a tuple with the first " +"element the host to connect to, and the second the port number." +msgstr "与普通套接字对象一样，*address* 是一个元组，它的第一个元素是要连接的主机，第二个元素是端口号。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:217 +msgid "Send *data* to the remote end-point of the socket." +msgstr "将 *data* 发送到套接字的远程端点。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Read at most *buffer_size* bytes from the socket's remote end-point. An " +"empty bytes object implies that the channel has been closed from the other " +"end." +msgstr "从套接字的远程端点读取至多 *buffer_size* 个字节。 读到空字节串表明通道已从另一端被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Note that :meth:`recv` may raise :exc:`BlockingIOError` , even though " +":func:`select.select` or :func:`select.poll` has reported the socket ready " +"for reading." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :meth:`recv` 可能会引发 :exc:`BlockingIOError`，即使 :func:`select.select` 或 " +":func:`select.poll` 报告套接字已准备好被读取。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Listen for connections made to the socket. The *backlog* argument specifies" +" the maximum number of queued connections and should be at least 1; the " +"maximum value is system-dependent (usually 5)." +msgstr "侦听与套接字的连接。 *backlog* 参数指明排入连接队列的最大数量且至少应为 1；最大值取决于具体系统（通常为 5）。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Bind the socket to *address*. The socket must not already be bound. (The " +"format of *address* depends on the address family --- refer to the " +":mod:`socket` documentation for more information.) To mark the socket as " +"re-usable (setting the :const:`SO_REUSEADDR` option), call the " +":class:`dispatcher` object's :meth:`set_reuse_addr` method." +msgstr "" +"将套接字绑定到 *address*。 套接字必须尚未被绑定。 (*address* 的格式取决于具体的地址族 --- 请参阅 " +":mod:`socket` 文档了解更多信息。) 要将套接字标记为可重用的 (设置 :const:`SO_REUSEADDR` 选项)，请调用 " +":class:`dispatcher` 对象的 :meth:`set_reuse_addr` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Accept a connection. The socket must be bound to an address and listening " +"for connections. The return value can be either ``None`` or a pair ``(conn," +" address)`` where *conn* is a *new* socket object usable to send and receive" +" data on the connection, and *address* is the address bound to the socket on" +" the other end of the connection. When ``None`` is returned it means the " +"connection didn't take place, in which case the server should just ignore " +"this event and keep listening for further incoming connections." +msgstr "" +"接受一个连接。 此套接字必须绑定到一个地址上并且侦听连接。 返回值可以是 ``None`` 或一个 ``(conn, address)`` 对，其中 " +"*conn* 是一个可用来在此连接上发送和接收数据的 *新的* 套接字对象，而 *address* 是绑定到连接另一端套接字的地址。 当返回 " +"``None`` 时意味着连接没有建立，在此情况下服务器应当忽略此事件并继续侦听后续的入站连接。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Close the socket. All future operations on the socket object will fail. The" +" remote end-point will receive no more data (after queued data is flushed)." +" Sockets are automatically closed when they are garbage-collected." +msgstr "" +"关闭套接字。 在此套接字对象上的后续操作都将失败。 远程端点将不再接收任何数据（在排入队列的数据被清空之后）。 当套接字被垃圾回收时会自动关闭。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:269 +msgid "" +"A :class:`dispatcher` subclass which adds simple buffered output capability," +" useful for simple clients. For more sophisticated usage use " +":class:`asynchat.async_chat`." +msgstr "" +":class:`dispatcher` 的一个添加了简单缓冲输出功能的子类，适用于简单客户端。 对于更复杂的用法请使用 " +":class:`asynchat.async_chat`。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:275 +msgid "" +"A file_dispatcher takes a file descriptor or :term:`file object` along with " +"an optional map argument and wraps it for use with the :c:func:`poll` or " +":c:func:`loop` functions. If provided a file object or anything with a " +":c:func:`fileno` method, that method will be called and passed to the " +":class:`file_wrapper` constructor." +msgstr "" +"file_dispatcher 接受一个文件描述符或 :term:`file object` 以及一个可选的 map 参数，并对其进行包装以配合 " +":c:func:`poll` 或 :c:func:`loop` 函数使用。 如果提供一个文件对象或任何具有 :c:func:`fileno` " +"方法的对象，其方法将被调用并传递给 :class:`file_wrapper` 构造器。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:281 ../../library/asyncore.rst:290 +msgid ":ref:`Availability `: Unix." +msgstr ":ref:`可用性 `: Unix。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:285 +msgid "" +"A file_wrapper takes an integer file descriptor and calls :func:`os.dup` to " +"duplicate the handle so that the original handle may be closed independently" +" of the file_wrapper. This class implements sufficient methods to emulate a" +" socket for use by the :class:`file_dispatcher` class." +msgstr "" +"file_wrapper 接受一个整数形式的文件描述符并调用 :func:`os.dup` 来复制其句柄，以便原始句柄可以独立于 " +"file_wrapper 被关闭。 这个类实现了足够的方法来模拟套接字以供 :class:`file_dispatcher` 类使用。" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:296 +msgid "asyncore Example basic HTTP client" +msgstr "asyncore 示例基本 HTTP 客户端" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:298 +msgid "" +"Here is a very basic HTTP client that uses the :class:`dispatcher` class to " +"implement its socket handling::" +msgstr "下面是一个非常基本的 HTTP 客户端，它使用了 :class:`dispatcher` 类来实现套接字处理::" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:335 +msgid "asyncore Example basic echo server" +msgstr "asyncore 示例基本回显服务器" + +#: ../../library/asyncore.rst:337 +msgid "" +"Here is a basic echo server that uses the :class:`dispatcher` class to " +"accept connections and dispatches the incoming connections to a handler::" +msgstr "下面是一个基本的回显服务器，它使用了 :class:`dispatcher` 类来接受连接并将入站连接发送给处理程序::" diff --git a/library/atexit.po b/library/atexit.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..629e75a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/atexit.po @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kade For, 2021 +# cissoid , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!atexit` --- Exit handlers" +msgstr ":mod:`!atexit` --- 退出处理器" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`atexit` module defines functions to register and unregister " +"cleanup functions. Functions thus registered are automatically executed " +"upon normal interpreter termination. :mod:`atexit` runs these functions in " +"the *reverse* order in which they were registered; if you register ``A``, " +"``B``, and ``C``, at interpreter termination time they will be run in the " +"order ``C``, ``B``, ``A``." +msgstr "" +":mod:`atexit` 模块定义了清理函数的注册和反注册函数. 被注册的函数会在解释器正常终止时执行. :mod:`atexit` " +"会按照注册顺序的*逆序*执行; 如果你注册了 ``A``, ``B`` 和 ``C``, 那么在解释器终止时会依序执行 ``C``, ``B``, " +"``A``." + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:19 +msgid "" +"**Note:** The functions registered via this module are not called when the " +"program is killed by a signal not handled by Python, when a Python fatal " +"internal error is detected, or when :func:`os._exit` is called." +msgstr "" +"**注意:** 通过该模块注册的函数, 在程序被未被 Python 捕获的信号杀死时并不会执行, 在检测到 Python 内部致命错误以及调用了 " +":func:`os._exit` 时也不会执行." + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:23 +msgid "" +"**Note:** The effect of registering or unregistering functions from within a" +" cleanup function is undefined." +msgstr "**注意:** 在清理函数内部注册或注销函数可能产生的影响是未定义的。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:26 +msgid "" +"When used with C-API subinterpreters, registered functions are local to the " +"interpreter they were registered in." +msgstr "当配合 C-API 子解释器使用时，已注册函数是它们所注册解释器中的局部对象。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Register *func* as a function to be executed at termination. Any optional " +"arguments that are to be passed to *func* must be passed as arguments to " +":func:`register`. It is possible to register the same function and " +"arguments more than once." +msgstr "" +"将 *func* 注册为终止时执行的函数. 任何传给 *func* 的可选的参数都应当作为参数传给 :func:`register`. " +"可以多次注册同样的函数及参数." + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:37 +msgid "" +"At normal program termination (for instance, if :func:`sys.exit` is called " +"or the main module's execution completes), all functions registered are " +"called in last in, first out order. The assumption is that lower level " +"modules will normally be imported before higher level modules and thus must " +"be cleaned up later." +msgstr "" +"在正常的程序终止时 (举例来说, 当调用了 :func:`sys.exit` 或是主模块的执行完成时), 所有注册过的函数都会以后进先出的顺序执行. " +"这样做是假定更底层的模块通常会比高层模块更早引入, 因此需要更晚清理." + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:43 +msgid "" +"If an exception is raised during execution of the exit handlers, a traceback" +" is printed (unless :exc:`SystemExit` is raised) and the exception " +"information is saved. After all exit handlers have had a chance to run, the" +" last exception to be raised is re-raised." +msgstr "" +"如果在 exit 处理器执行期间引发了异常，将会打印回溯信息 (除非引发的是 :exc:`SystemExit`) 并且异常信息会被保存。 在所有 " +"exit 处理器都获得运行机会之后，所引发的最后一个异常会被重新引发。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:48 +msgid "" +"This function returns *func*, which makes it possible to use it as a " +"decorator." +msgstr "这个函数返回 *func* 对象，可以把它当作装饰器使用。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Starting new threads or calling :func:`os.fork` from a registered function " +"can lead to race condition between the main Python runtime thread freeing " +"thread states while internal :mod:`threading` routines or the new process " +"try to use that state. This can lead to crashes rather than clean shutdown." +msgstr "" +"启动新线程或从已注册的函数调用 :func:`os.fork` 可能导致主 Python 运行时线程释放线程状态而内部 :mod:`threading`" +" 例程或新进程试图使用该状态之间的竞争条件。 这会造成程序崩溃而不是正常关闭。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Attempts to start a new thread or :func:`os.fork` a new process in a " +"registered function now leads to :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "现在尝试启动新线程或在已注册的函数中 :func:`os.fork` 新进程会导致 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Remove *func* from the list of functions to be run at interpreter shutdown. " +":func:`unregister` silently does nothing if *func* was not previously " +"registered. If *func* has been registered more than once, every occurrence " +"of that function in the :mod:`atexit` call stack will be removed. Equality " +"comparisons (``==``) are used internally during unregistration, so function " +"references do not need to have matching identities." +msgstr "" +"将 *func* 移出当解释器关闭时要运行的函数列表。 如果 *func* 之前未被注册则 :func:`unregister` 将静默地不做任何事。 " +"如果 *func* 已被注册一次以上，则该函数每次在 :mod:`atexit` 调用栈中的出现都将被移除。 当取消注册时会在内部使用相等性比较 " +"(``==``)，因而函数引用不需要具有匹配的标识号。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:74 +msgid "Module :mod:`readline`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`readline`" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Useful example of :mod:`atexit` to read and write :mod:`readline` history " +"files." +msgstr "使用 :mod:`atexit` 读写 :mod:`readline` 历史文件的有用的例子。" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:82 +msgid ":mod:`atexit` Example" +msgstr ":mod:`atexit` 示例" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:84 +msgid "" +"The following simple example demonstrates how a module can initialize a " +"counter from a file when it is imported and save the counter's updated value" +" automatically when the program terminates without relying on the " +"application making an explicit call into this module at termination. ::" +msgstr "" +"以下简单例子演示了一个模块在被导入时如何从文件初始化一个计数器，并在程序终结时自动保存计数器的更新值，此操作不依赖于应用在终结时对此模块进行显式调用。::" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:89 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" with open('counterfile') as infile:\n" +" _count = int(infile.read())\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" _count = 0\n" +"\n" +"def incrcounter(n):\n" +" global _count\n" +" _count = _count + n\n" +"\n" +"def savecounter():\n" +" with open('counterfile', 'w') as outfile:\n" +" outfile.write('%d' % _count)\n" +"\n" +"import atexit\n" +"\n" +"atexit.register(savecounter)" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" with open('counterfile') as infile:\n" +" _count = int(infile.read())\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" _count = 0\n" +"\n" +"def incrcounter(n):\n" +" global _count\n" +" _count = _count + n\n" +"\n" +"def savecounter():\n" +" with open('counterfile', 'w') as outfile:\n" +" outfile.write('%d' % _count)\n" +"\n" +"import atexit\n" +"\n" +"atexit.register(savecounter)" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:107 +msgid "" +"Positional and keyword arguments may also be passed to :func:`register` to " +"be passed along to the registered function when it is called::" +msgstr "位置和关键字参数也可传入 :func:`register` 以便传递给被调用的已注册函数::" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:110 +msgid "" +"def goodbye(name, adjective):\n" +" print('Goodbye %s, it was %s to meet you.' % (name, adjective))\n" +"\n" +"import atexit\n" +"\n" +"atexit.register(goodbye, 'Donny', 'nice')\n" +"# or:\n" +"atexit.register(goodbye, adjective='nice', name='Donny')" +msgstr "" +"def goodbye(name, adjective):\n" +" print('Goodbye %s, it was %s to meet you.' % (name, adjective))\n" +"\n" +"import atexit\n" +"\n" +"atexit.register(goodbye, 'Donny', 'nice')\n" +"# 或者：\n" +"atexit.register(goodbye, adjective='nice', name='Donny')" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:119 +msgid "Usage as a :term:`decorator`::" +msgstr "作为 :term:`decorator`: 使用:" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:121 +msgid "" +"import atexit\n" +"\n" +"@atexit.register\n" +"def goodbye():\n" +" print('You are now leaving the Python sector.')" +msgstr "" +"import atexit\n" +"\n" +"@atexit.register\n" +"def goodbye():\n" +" print('You are now leaving the Python sector.')" + +#: ../../library/atexit.rst:127 +msgid "This only works with functions that can be called without arguments." +msgstr "只有在函数不需要任何参数调用时才能工作." diff --git a/library/audioop.po b/library/audioop.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6c8b8650 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/audioop.po @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`audioop` --- Manipulate raw audio data" +msgstr ":mod:`audioop` --- 处理原始音频数据" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`audioop` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#audioop>` " +"for details)." +msgstr ":mod:`audioop` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#audioop>` 了解详情）。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`audioop` module contains some useful operations on sound " +"fragments. It operates on sound fragments consisting of signed integer " +"samples 8, 16, 24 or 32 bits wide, stored in :term:`bytes-like objects " +"`. All scalar items are integers, unless specified " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +":mod:`audioop` 模块包含针对声音片段的一些有用操作。它操作的声音片段由 8、16、24 或 32 位宽的有符号整型采样值组成，存储在 " +":term:`类字节串对象 ` 中。除非特别说明，否则所有标量项目均为整数。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Support for 24-bit samples was added. All functions now accept any " +":term:`bytes-like object`. String input now results in an immediate error." +msgstr "" +"增加了对 24 位采样的支持。现在，所有函数都接受任何 :term:`类字节串对象 `。而传入字符串会立即导致错误。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This module provides support for a-LAW, u-LAW and Intel/DVI ADPCM encodings." +msgstr "本模块提供对 a-LAW、u-LAW 和 Intel/DVI ADPCM 编码的支持。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:34 +msgid "" +"A few of the more complicated operations only take 16-bit samples, otherwise" +" the sample size (in bytes) is always a parameter of the operation." +msgstr "部分更复杂的操作仅接受 16 位采样，而其他操作始终需要采样大小（以字节为单位）作为该操作的参数。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:37 +msgid "The module defines the following variables and functions:" +msgstr "此模块定义了下列变量和函数：" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:42 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised on all errors, such as unknown number of bytes per " +"sample, etc." +msgstr "所有错误都会抛出此异常，比如采样值的字节数未知等等。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Return a fragment which is the addition of the two samples passed as " +"parameters. *width* is the sample width in bytes, either ``1``, ``2``, ``3``" +" or ``4``. Both fragments should have the same length. Samples are " +"truncated in case of overflow." +msgstr "" +"两个采样作为参数传入，返回一个片段，该片段是两个采样的和。*width* 是采样位宽（以字节为单位），可以取 ``1``, ``2``, ``3`` 或" +" ``4``。两个片段的长度应相同。如果发生溢出，较长的采样将被截断。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Decode an Intel/DVI ADPCM coded fragment to a linear fragment. See the " +"description of :func:`lin2adpcm` for details on ADPCM coding. Return a tuple" +" ``(sample, newstate)`` where the sample has the width specified in *width*." +msgstr "" +"将 Intel/DVI ADPCM 编码的片段解码为线性片段。关于 ADPCM 编码的详情请参阅 :func:`lin2adpcm` " +"的描述。返回一个元组 ``(sample, newstate)``，其中 sample 的位宽由 *width* 指定。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Convert sound fragments in a-LAW encoding to linearly encoded sound " +"fragments. a-LAW encoding always uses 8 bits samples, so *width* refers only" +" to the sample width of the output fragment here." +msgstr "" +"将 a-LAW 编码的声音片段转换为线性编码声音片段。由于 a-LAW 编码采样值始终为 8 位，因此这里的 *width* 仅指输出片段的采样位宽。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:69 +msgid "Return the average over all samples in the fragment." +msgstr "返回片段中所有采样值的平均值。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Return the average peak-peak value over all samples in the fragment. No " +"filtering is done, so the usefulness of this routine is questionable." +msgstr "返回片段中所有采样值的平均峰峰值。由于没有进行过滤，因此该例程的实用性尚存疑。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Return a fragment that is the original fragment with a bias added to each " +"sample. Samples wrap around in case of overflow." +msgstr "返回一个片段，该片段由原始片段中的每个采样值加上偏差组成。在溢出时采样值会回卷 (wrap around)。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:86 +msgid "" +"\"Byteswap\" all samples in a fragment and returns the modified fragment. " +"Converts big-endian samples to little-endian and vice versa." +msgstr "“按字节交换”片段中的所有采样值，返回修改后的片段。将大端序采样转换为小端序采样，反之亦然。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Return the number of zero crossings in the fragment passed as an argument." +msgstr "将片段作为参数传入，返回其中过零点的数量。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Return a factor *F* such that ``rms(add(fragment, mul(reference, -F)))`` is " +"minimal, i.e., return the factor with which you should multiply *reference* " +"to make it match as well as possible to *fragment*. The fragments should " +"both contain 2-byte samples." +msgstr "" +"返回一个系数 *F* 使得 ``rms(add(fragment, mul(reference, -F)))`` 最小，即返回的系数乘以 " +"*reference* 后与 *fragment* 最匹配。两个片段都应包含 2 字节宽的采样。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:104 +msgid "The time taken by this routine is proportional to ``len(fragment)``." +msgstr "本例程所需的时间与 ``len(fragment)`` 成正比。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Try to match *reference* as well as possible to a portion of *fragment* " +"(which should be the longer fragment). This is (conceptually) done by " +"taking slices out of *fragment*, using :func:`findfactor` to compute the " +"best match, and minimizing the result. The fragments should both contain " +"2-byte samples. Return a tuple ``(offset, factor)`` where *offset* is the " +"(integer) offset into *fragment* where the optimal match started and " +"*factor* is the (floating-point) factor as per :func:`findfactor`." +msgstr "" +"尽可能尝试让 *reference* 匹配 *fragment* 的一部分（*fragment* 应较长）。从概念上讲，完成这些靠从 " +"*fragment* 中取出切片，使用 :func:`findfactor` 计算最佳匹配，并最小化结果。两个片段都应包含 2 " +"字节宽的采样。返回一个元组 ``(offset, factor)``，其中 *offset* 是在 *fragment* " +"中的偏移量（整数），表示从此处开始最佳匹配，而 *factor* 是由 :func:`findfactor` 定义的因数（浮点数）。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Search *fragment* for a slice of length *length* samples (not bytes!) with " +"maximum energy, i.e., return *i* for which " +"``rms(fragment[i*2:(i+length)*2])`` is maximal. The fragments should both " +"contain 2-byte samples." +msgstr "" +"在 *fragment* 中搜索所有长度为 *length* 的采样切片（不是字节！）中，能量最大的那一个切片，即返回 *i* 使得 " +"``rms(fragment[i*2:(i+length)*2])`` 最大。两个片段都应包含 2 字节宽的采样。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:124 +msgid "The routine takes time proportional to ``len(fragment)``." +msgstr "本例程所需的时间与 ``len(fragment)`` 成正比。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:129 +msgid "Return the value of sample *index* from the fragment." +msgstr "返回片段中采样值索引 *index* 的值。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Convert samples to 4 bit Intel/DVI ADPCM encoding. ADPCM coding is an " +"adaptive coding scheme, whereby each 4 bit number is the difference between " +"one sample and the next, divided by a (varying) step. The Intel/DVI ADPCM " +"algorithm has been selected for use by the IMA, so it may well become a " +"standard." +msgstr "" +"将采样转换为 4 位 Intel/DVI ADPCM 编码。ADPCM 编码是一种自适应编码方案，其中每个 4 " +"比特数字是一个采样值与下一个采样值之间的差除以（不定的）步长。IMA 已选择使用 Intel/DVI ADPCM 算法，因此它很可能成为标准。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:139 +msgid "" +"*state* is a tuple containing the state of the coder. The coder returns a " +"tuple ``(adpcmfrag, newstate)``, and the *newstate* should be passed to the " +"next call of :func:`lin2adpcm`. In the initial call, ``None`` can be passed" +" as the state. *adpcmfrag* is the ADPCM coded fragment packed 2 4-bit values" +" per byte." +msgstr "" +"*state* 是一个表示编码器状态的元组。编码器返回一个元组 ``(adpcmfrag, newstate)``，而 *newstate* " +"要在下一次调用 :func:`lin2adpcm` 时传入。在初始调用中，可以将 ``None`` 作为 state 传递。*adpcmfrag* 是 " +"ADPCM 编码的片段，每个字节打包了 2 个 4 比特值。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Convert samples in the audio fragment to a-LAW encoding and return this as a" +" bytes object. a-LAW is an audio encoding format whereby you get a dynamic " +"range of about 13 bits using only 8 bit samples. It is used by the Sun " +"audio hardware, among others." +msgstr "" +"将音频片段中的采样值转换为 a-LAW 编码，并将其作为字节对象返回。a-LAW 是一种音频编码格式，仅使用 8 位采样即可获得大约 13 " +"位的动态范围。Sun 音频硬件等使用该编码。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:155 +msgid "Convert samples between 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-byte formats." +msgstr "将采样在 1、2、3 和 4 字节格式之间转换。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:159 +msgid "" +"In some audio formats, such as .WAV files, 16, 24 and 32 bit samples are " +"signed, but 8 bit samples are unsigned. So when converting to 8 bit wide " +"samples for these formats, you need to also add 128 to the result::" +msgstr "" +"在某些音频格式（如 .WAV 文件）中，16、24 和 32 位采样是有符号的，但 8 位采样是无符号的。因此，当将这些格式转换为 8 " +"位宽采样时，还需使结果加上 128::" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:166 +msgid "" +"The same, in reverse, has to be applied when converting from 8 to 16, 24 or " +"32 bit width samples." +msgstr "反之，将 8 位宽的采样转换为 16、24 或 32 位时，必须采用相同的处理。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Convert samples in the audio fragment to u-LAW encoding and return this as a" +" bytes object. u-LAW is an audio encoding format whereby you get a dynamic " +"range of about 14 bits using only 8 bit samples. It is used by the Sun " +"audio hardware, among others." +msgstr "" +"将音频片段中的采样值转换为 u-LAW 编码，并将其作为字节对象返回。u-LAW 是一种音频编码格式，仅使用 8 位采样即可获得大约 14 " +"位的动态范围。Sun 音频硬件等使用该编码。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Return the maximum of the *absolute value* of all samples in a fragment." +msgstr "返回片段中所有采样值的最大 *绝对值*。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:185 +msgid "Return the maximum peak-peak value in the sound fragment." +msgstr "返回声音片段中的最大峰峰值。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple consisting of the minimum and maximum values of all samples " +"in the sound fragment." +msgstr "返回声音片段中所有采样值的最小值和最大值组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:196 +msgid "" +"Return a fragment that has all samples in the original fragment multiplied " +"by the floating-point value *factor*. Samples are truncated in case of " +"overflow." +msgstr "返回一个片段，该片段由原始片段中的每个采样值乘以浮点值 *factor* 组成。如果发生溢出，采样将被截断。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:202 +msgid "Convert the frame rate of the input fragment." +msgstr "转换输入片段的帧速率。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:204 +msgid "" +"*state* is a tuple containing the state of the converter. The converter " +"returns a tuple ``(newfragment, newstate)``, and *newstate* should be passed" +" to the next call of :func:`ratecv`. The initial call should pass ``None`` " +"as the state." +msgstr "" +"*state* 是一个表示转换器状态的元组。转换器返回一个元组 ``(newfragment, newstate)``，而 *newstate* " +"要在下一次调用 :func:`ratecv` 时传入。初始调用应传入 ``None`` 作为 state。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:208 +msgid "" +"The *weightA* and *weightB* arguments are parameters for a simple digital " +"filter and default to ``1`` and ``0`` respectively." +msgstr "参数 *weightA* 和 *weightB* 是简单数字滤波器的参数，默认分别为 ``1`` 和 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:214 +msgid "Reverse the samples in a fragment and returns the modified fragment." +msgstr "将片段中的采样值反转，返回修改后的片段。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Return the root-mean-square of the fragment, i.e. ``sqrt(sum(S_i^2)/n)``." +msgstr "返回片段的均方根值，即 ``sqrt(sum(S_i^2)/n)``。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:221 +msgid "This is a measure of the power in an audio signal." +msgstr "测量音频信号的能量。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Convert a stereo fragment to a mono fragment. The left channel is " +"multiplied by *lfactor* and the right channel by *rfactor* before adding the" +" two channels to give a mono signal." +msgstr "将立体声片段转换为单声道片段。左通道乘以 *lfactor*，右通道乘以 *rfactor*，然后两个通道相加得到单声道信号。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Generate a stereo fragment from a mono fragment. Each pair of samples in " +"the stereo fragment are computed from the mono sample, whereby left channel " +"samples are multiplied by *lfactor* and right channel samples by *rfactor*." +msgstr "" +"由单声道片段生成立体声片段。立体声片段中的两对采样都是从单声道计算而来的，即左声道是乘以 *lfactor*，右声道是乘以 *rfactor*。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Convert sound fragments in u-LAW encoding to linearly encoded sound " +"fragments. u-LAW encoding always uses 8 bits samples, so *width* refers only" +" to the sample width of the output fragment here." +msgstr "" +"将 u-LAW 编码的声音片段转换为线性编码声音片段。由于 u-LAW 编码采样值始终为 8 位，因此这里的 *width* 仅指输出片段的采样位宽。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Note that operations such as :func:`.mul` or :func:`.max` make no " +"distinction between mono and stereo fragments, i.e. all samples are treated " +"equal. If this is a problem the stereo fragment should be split into two " +"mono fragments first and recombined later. Here is an example of how to do " +"that::" +msgstr "" +"请注意，诸如 :func:`.mul` 或 :func:`.max` " +"之类的操作在单声道和立体声间没有区别，即所有采样都作相同处理。如果出现问题，应先将立体声片段拆分为两个单声道片段，之后再重组。以下是如何进行该操作的示例::" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:258 +msgid "" +"If you use the ADPCM coder to build network packets and you want your " +"protocol to be stateless (i.e. to be able to tolerate packet loss) you " +"should not only transmit the data but also the state. Note that you should " +"send the *initial* state (the one you passed to :func:`lin2adpcm`) along to " +"the decoder, not the final state (as returned by the coder). If you want to" +" use :class:`struct.Struct` to store the state in binary you can code the " +"first element (the predicted value) in 16 bits and the second (the delta " +"index) in 8." +msgstr "" +"如果使用 ADPCM " +"编码器构造网络数据包，并且希望协议是无状态的（即能够容忍数据包丢失），则不仅需要传输数据，还应该传输状态。请注意，必须将*初始*状态（传入 " +":func:`lin2adpcm` 的状态）发送给解码器，不能发送最终状态（编码器返回的状态）。如果要使用 :class:`struct.Struct`" +" 以二进制保存状态，可以将第一个元素（预测值）用 16 位编码，将第二个元素（增量索引）用 8 位编码。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:266 +msgid "" +"The ADPCM coders have never been tried against other ADPCM coders, only " +"against themselves. It could well be that I misinterpreted the standards in" +" which case they will not be interoperable with the respective standards." +msgstr "本 ADPCM 编码器从不与其他 ADPCM 编码器对立，仅针对自身。本开发者可能会误读标准，这种情况下它们将无法与相应标准互操作。" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:270 +msgid "" +"The :func:`find\\*` routines might look a bit funny at first sight. They are" +" primarily meant to do echo cancellation. A reasonably fast way to do this " +"is to pick the most energetic piece of the output sample, locate that in the" +" input sample and subtract the whole output sample from the input sample::" +msgstr "" +"乍看之下 :func:`find\\*` " +"例程可能有些可笑。它们主要是用于回声消除，一种快速有效的方法是选取输出样本中能量最高的片段，在输入样本中定位该片段，然后从输入样本中减去整个输出样本::" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:24 +msgid "Intel/DVI ADPCM" +msgstr "Intel/DVI ADPCM" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:24 +msgid "ADPCM, Intel/DVI" +msgstr "ADPCM, Intel/DVI" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:24 +msgid "a-LAW" +msgstr "a-LAW" + +#: ../../library/audioop.rst:24 +msgid "u-LAW" +msgstr "u-LAW" diff --git a/library/audit_events.po b/library/audit_events.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..767a5b4da --- /dev/null +++ b/library/audit_events.po @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-22 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:6 +msgid "Audit events table" +msgstr "审计事件表" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:8 +msgid "" +"This table contains all events raised by :func:`sys.audit` or " +":c:func:`PySys_Audit` calls throughout the CPython runtime and the standard " +"library. These calls were added in 3.8 or later (see :pep:`578`)." +msgstr "" +"下表包含了在整个 CPython 运行时和标准库中由 :func:`sys.audit` 或 :c:func:`PySys_Audit` " +"调用所引发的全部事件。 这些调用是在 3.8 或更高版本中添加的 (参见 :pep:`578`)。" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:12 +msgid "" +"See :func:`sys.addaudithook` and :c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` for " +"information on handling these events." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :func:`sys.addaudithook` 和 :c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` 了解有关处理这些事件的详细信息。" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:17 +msgid "" +"This table is generated from the CPython documentation, and may not " +"represent events raised by other implementations. See your runtime specific " +"documentation for actual events raised." +msgstr "此表是根据 CPython 文档生成的，可能无法表示其他实现所引发的事件。 请参阅你的运行时专属的文档了解实际引发的事件。" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The following events are raised internally and do not correspond to any " +"public API of CPython:" +msgstr "下列事件只在内部被引发，而不会回应任何 CPython 公共 API:" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:27 +msgid "Audit event" +msgstr "审计事件" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:27 +msgid "Arguments" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:29 +msgid "_winapi.CreateFile" +msgstr "_winapi.CreateFile" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:29 +msgid "" +"``file_name``, ``desired_access``, ``share_mode``, ``creation_disposition``," +" ``flags_and_attributes``" +msgstr "" +"``file_name``, ``desired_access``, ``share_mode``, ``creation_disposition``," +" ``flags_and_attributes``" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:33 +msgid "_winapi.CreateJunction" +msgstr "_winapi.CreateJunction" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:33 +msgid "``src_path``, ``dst_path``" +msgstr "``src_path``, ``dst_path``" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:35 +msgid "_winapi.CreateNamedPipe" +msgstr "_winapi.CreateNamedPipe" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:35 +msgid "``name``, ``open_mode``, ``pipe_mode``" +msgstr "``name``, ``open_mode``, ``pipe_mode``" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:37 +msgid "_winapi.CreatePipe" +msgstr "_winapi.CreatePipe" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:39 +msgid "_winapi.CreateProcess" +msgstr "_winapi.CreateProcess" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:39 +msgid "``application_name``, ``command_line``, ``current_directory``" +msgstr "``application_name``, ``command_line``, ``current_directory``" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:42 +msgid "_winapi.OpenProcess" +msgstr "_winapi.OpenProcess" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:42 +msgid "``process_id``, ``desired_access``" +msgstr "``process_id``, ``desired_access``" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:44 +msgid "_winapi.TerminateProcess" +msgstr "_winapi.TerminateProcess" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:44 +msgid "``handle``, ``exit_code``" +msgstr "``handle``, ``exit_code``" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:46 +msgid "ctypes.PyObj_FromPtr" +msgstr "ctypes.PyObj_FromPtr" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:46 +msgid "``obj``" +msgstr "``obj``" + +#: ../../library/audit_events.rst:3 +msgid "audit events" +msgstr "审计事件" diff --git a/library/base64.po b/library/base64.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3603b33f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/base64.po @@ -0,0 +1,494 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Saiyang Gou , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!base64` --- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings" +msgstr ":mod:`!base64` --- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 数据编码" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/base64.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/base64.py`" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module provides functions for encoding binary data to printable ASCII " +"characters and decoding such encodings back to binary data. It provides " +"encoding and decoding functions for the encodings specified in :rfc:`4648`, " +"which defines the Base16, Base32, and Base64 algorithms, and for the de-" +"facto standard Ascii85 and Base85 encodings." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了将二进制数据编码为可打印的 ASCII 字符以及将这种编码格式解码回二进制数据的函数。 它为 :rfc:`4648` 所定义的 " +"Base16, Base32 和 Base64 算法及已成为事实标准的 Ascii85 和 Base85 编码格式提供了编码和解码函数。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The :rfc:`4648` encodings are suitable for encoding binary data so that it " +"can be safely sent by email, used as parts of URLs, or included as part of " +"an HTTP POST request. The encoding algorithm is not the same as the " +":program:`uuencode` program." +msgstr "" +":rfc:`4648` 中的编码格式适用于编码二进制数据使得它能安全地通过电子邮件发送、用作 URL 的一部分，或者包括在 HTTP POST " +"请求之中。 此编码格式算法与 :program:`uuencode` 程序并不相同。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:27 +msgid "" +"There are two interfaces provided by this module. The modern interface " +"supports encoding :term:`bytes-like objects ` to ASCII " +":class:`bytes`, and decoding :term:`bytes-like objects ` " +"or strings containing ASCII to :class:`bytes`. Both base-64 alphabets " +"defined in :rfc:`4648` (normal, and URL- and filesystem-safe) are supported." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了两个接口。 较新的接口支持将 :term:`字节类对象 ` 编码为 ASCII " +":class:`bytes`，以及将 :term:`字节类对象 ` 或包含 ASCII 的字符串解码为 " +":class:`bytes`。 在 :rfc:`4648` 中定义的几种 base-64 字母表（普通的以及 URL 和文件系统安全的）都受到支持。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The legacy interface does not support decoding from strings, but it does " +"provide functions for encoding and decoding to and from :term:`file objects " +"`. It only supports the Base64 standard alphabet, and it adds " +"newlines every 76 characters as per :rfc:`2045`. Note that if you are " +"looking for :rfc:`2045` support you probably want to be looking at the " +":mod:`email` package instead." +msgstr "" +"旧的接口不提供从字符串的解码操作，但提供了操作 :term:`文件对象 ` 的编码和解码函数。旧接口只支持标准的 Base64" +" 字母表，并且按照 :rfc:`2045` 的规范每 76 个字符增加一个换行符。注意：如果你需要支持 :rfc:`2045`，那么使用 " +":mod:`email` 模块可能更加合适。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:41 +msgid "" +"ASCII-only Unicode strings are now accepted by the decoding functions of the" +" modern interface." +msgstr "新的接口提供的解码函数现在已经支持只包含 ASCII 的 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Any :term:`bytes-like objects ` are now accepted by all " +"encoding and decoding functions in this module. Ascii85/Base85 support " +"added." +msgstr "" +"所有 :term:`类字节对象 ` 现在已经被所有编码和解码函数接受。添加了对 Ascii85/Base85 " +"的支持。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:49 +msgid "The modern interface provides:" +msgstr "新的接口提供：" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Encode the :term:`bytes-like object` *s* using Base64 and return the encoded" +" :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "对 :term:`bytes-like object` *s* 进行 Base64 编码，并返回编码后的 :class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Optional *altchars* must be a :term:`bytes-like object` of length 2 which " +"specifies an alternative alphabet for the ``+`` and ``/`` characters. This " +"allows an application to e.g. generate URL or filesystem safe Base64 " +"strings. The default is ``None``, for which the standard Base64 alphabet is" +" used." +msgstr "" +"可选项 *altchars* 必须是一个长度为 2 的 :term:`bytes-like object`，它指定了用于替换 ``+`` 和 ``/``" +" 的字符表。 这允许应用程序生成对 URL 或文件系统安全的 Base64 字符串。 默认值为 ``None``，即使用标准 Base64 字符表。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:61 +msgid "" +"May assert or raise a :exc:`ValueError` if the length of *altchars* is not " +"2. Raises a :exc:`TypeError` if *altchars* is not a :term:`bytes-like " +"object`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *altchars* 的长度不为 2 则可以断言或引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 如果 *altchars* 不是 " +":term:`bytes-like object` 则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Decode the Base64 encoded :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *s* and " +"return the decoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"解码 Base64 编码过的 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *s* 并返回解码过的 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Optional *altchars* must be a :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string of " +"length 2 which specifies the alternative alphabet used instead of the ``+`` " +"and ``/`` characters." +msgstr "" +"可选项 *altchars* 必须是一个长度为 2 的 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串，它指定了用于替换 " +"``+`` 和 ``/`` 的字符表。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:74 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`binascii.Error` exception is raised if *s* is incorrectly padded." +msgstr "如果 *s* 被不正确地填写，一个 :exc:`binascii.Error` 错误将被抛出。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:77 +msgid "" +"If *validate* is ``False`` (the default), characters that are neither in the" +" normal base-64 alphabet nor the alternative alphabet are discarded prior to" +" the padding check. If *validate* is ``True``, these non-alphabet " +"characters in the input result in a :exc:`binascii.Error`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *validate* 值为 ``False`` （默认情况），则在填充检查前，将丢弃既不在标准 base-64 " +"字母表之中也不在备用字母表中的字符。如果 *validate* 为 ``True``，这些非 base64 字符将导致 " +":exc:`binascii.Error`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:83 +msgid "" +"For more information about the strict base64 check, see " +":func:`binascii.a2b_base64`" +msgstr "有关严格 base64 检查的详情，请参阅 :func:`binascii.a2b_base64`" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:85 +msgid "" +"May assert or raise a :exc:`ValueError` if the length of *altchars* is not " +"2." +msgstr "如果 *altchars* 不为 2 则可以断言设定或引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Encode :term:`bytes-like object` *s* using the standard Base64 alphabet and " +"return the encoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s*，使用标准 Base64 字母表并返回编码过的 :class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Decode :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *s* using the standard " +"Base64 alphabet and return the decoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"解码 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *s*，使用标准 Base64 字母表并返回编码过的 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Encode :term:`bytes-like object` *s* using the URL- and filesystem-safe " +"alphabet, which substitutes ``-`` instead of ``+`` and ``_`` instead of " +"``/`` in the standard Base64 alphabet, and return the encoded " +":class:`bytes`. The result can still contain ``=``." +msgstr "" +"编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s*，使用 URL 与文件系统安全的字母表，使用 ``-`` 以及 ``_`` 代替标准 " +"Base64 字母表中的 ``+`` 和 ``/``。返回编码过的 :class:`bytes`。结果中可能包含 ``=``。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Decode :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *s* using the URL- and " +"filesystem-safe alphabet, which substitutes ``-`` instead of ``+`` and ``_``" +" instead of ``/`` in the standard Base64 alphabet, and return the decoded " +":class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"解码 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *s*，使用 URL 与文件系统安全的字母表，使用 ``-`` 以及 " +"``_`` 代替标准 Base64 字母表中的 ``+`` 和 ``/``。返回解码过的 :class:`bytes`" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Encode the :term:`bytes-like object` *s* using Base32 and return the encoded" +" :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "用 Base32 编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s* 并返回编码过的 :class:`bytes`" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Decode the Base32 encoded :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *s* and " +"return the decoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"解码 Base32 编码过的 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *s* 并返回解码过的 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:128 ../../library/base64.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Optional *casefold* is a flag specifying whether a lowercase alphabet is " +"acceptable as input. For security purposes, the default is ``False``." +msgstr "可选的 *casefold* 是一个指定小写字幕是否可接受为输入的标志。为了安全考虑，默认值为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:132 +msgid "" +":rfc:`4648` allows for optional mapping of the digit 0 (zero) to the letter " +"O (oh), and for optional mapping of the digit 1 (one) to either the letter I" +" (eye) or letter L (el). The optional argument *map01* when not ``None``, " +"specifies which letter the digit 1 should be mapped to (when *map01* is not " +"``None``, the digit 0 is always mapped to the letter O). For security " +"purposes the default is ``None``, so that 0 and 1 are not allowed in the " +"input." +msgstr "" +":rfc:`4648` 允许可以选择将数码 0 (zero) 映射为字母 O (oh)，并可以选择将数码 1 (one) 映射为字母 I (eye) " +"或字母 L (el)。 可选参数 *map01* 在不为 ``None`` 时，指定数码 1 应当映射为哪个字母 (当 *map01* 不为 " +"``None`` 时，数码 0 总是被映射为字母 O)。 出于安全考虑其默认值为 ``None``，因而在输入中不允许 0 和 1。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:139 ../../library/base64.rst:180 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`binascii.Error` is raised if *s* is incorrectly padded or if there " +"are non-alphabet characters present in the input." +msgstr "如果 *s* 被错误地填写或输入中存在字母表之外的字符，将抛出 :exc:`binascii.Error`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`b32encode` but uses the Extended Hex Alphabet, as defined " +"in :rfc:`4648`." +msgstr "类似于 :func:`b32encode` 但是使用 Extended Hex Alphabet，如 :rfc:`4648` 所定义。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`b32decode` but uses the Extended Hex Alphabet, as defined " +"in :rfc:`4648`." +msgstr "类似于 :func:`b32decode` 但是使用 Extended Hex Alphabet，如 :rfc:`4648` 所定义。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:157 +msgid "" +"This version does not allow the digit 0 (zero) to the letter O (oh) and " +"digit 1 (one) to either the letter I (eye) or letter L (el) mappings, all " +"these characters are included in the Extended Hex Alphabet and are not " +"interchangeable." +msgstr "" +"这个版本不允许数字 0（零）与字母 O（oh）和数字 1（一）与字母 I（eye）或字母 L " +"（el）的映射，所有这些字符都包含在扩展的十六进制字母表中，不能互换。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Encode the :term:`bytes-like object` *s* using Base16 and return the encoded" +" :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "用 Base16 编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s* 并返回编码过的 :class:`bytes`" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Decode the Base16 encoded :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *s* and " +"return the decoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"解码 Base16 编码过的 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *s* 并返回解码过的 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Encode the :term:`bytes-like object` *b* using Ascii85 and return the " +"encoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "用 Ascii85 编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s* 并返回编码过的 :class:`bytes`" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:190 +msgid "" +"*foldspaces* is an optional flag that uses the special short sequence 'y' " +"instead of 4 consecutive spaces (ASCII 0x20) as supported by 'btoa'. This " +"feature is not supported by the \"standard\" Ascii85 encoding." +msgstr "" +"*foldspaces* 是一个可选的标志，使用特殊的短序列 'y' 代替 'btoa' 提供的 4 个连续空格 (ASCII 0x20)。这个特性不被" +" \"标准\" Ascii85 编码支持。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:194 +msgid "" +"*wrapcol* controls whether the output should have newline (``b'\\n'``) " +"characters added to it. If this is non-zero, each output line will be at " +"most this many characters long, excluding the trailing newline." +msgstr "" +"*wrapcol* 控制输出是否应当添加换行符 (``b'\\n'``)。 如其为非零值，则每个输出行将只有该值所限定长度的字符数量，不包括末尾换行符。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:198 +msgid "" +"*pad* controls whether the input is padded to a multiple of 4 before " +"encoding. Note that the ``btoa`` implementation always pads." +msgstr "*pad* 控制在编码之前输入是否填充为4的倍数。请注意，``btoa`` 实现总是填充。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:201 +msgid "" +"*adobe* controls whether the encoded byte sequence is framed with ``<~`` and" +" ``~>``, which is used by the Adobe implementation." +msgstr "*adobe* 控制编码后的字节序列是否要加上 ``<~`` 和 ``~>``，这是 Adobe 实现所使用的。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Decode the Ascii85 encoded :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *b* and" +" return the decoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"解码 Ascii85 编码过的 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *s* 并返回解码过的 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:212 +msgid "" +"*foldspaces* is a flag that specifies whether the 'y' short sequence should " +"be accepted as shorthand for 4 consecutive spaces (ASCII 0x20). This feature" +" is not supported by the \"standard\" Ascii85 encoding." +msgstr "" +"*foldspaces* 旗标指明是否应接受 'y' 短序列作为 4 个连续空格 (ASCII 0x20) 的快捷方式。 此特性不被 \"标准\" " +"Ascii85 编码格式所支持。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:216 +msgid "" +"*adobe* controls whether the input sequence is in Adobe Ascii85 format (i.e." +" is framed with <~ and ~>)." +msgstr "*adobe* 控制输入序列是否为 Adobe Ascii85 格式 (即附加 <~ 和 ~>)。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:219 +msgid "" +"*ignorechars* should be a :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string " +"containing characters to ignore from the input. This should only contain " +"whitespace characters, and by default contains all whitespace characters in " +"ASCII." +msgstr "" +"*ignorechars* 应当是一个 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串，其中包含要从输入中忽略的字符。 " +"这应当只包含空白字符，并且默认包含 ASCII 中所有的空白字符。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Encode the :term:`bytes-like object` *b* using base85 (as used in e.g. git-" +"style binary diffs) and return the encoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"用 base85（如 git 风格的二进制 diff 数据所用格式）编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *b* 并返回编码后的 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:232 +msgid "" +"If *pad* is true, the input is padded with ``b'\\0'`` so its length is a " +"multiple of 4 bytes before encoding." +msgstr "如果 *pad* 为真值，输入将以 ``b'\\0'`` 填充以使其编码前长度为 4 字节的倍数。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Decode the base85-encoded :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *b* and " +"return the decoded :class:`bytes`. Padding is implicitly removed, if " +"necessary." +msgstr "" +"解码 base85 编码过的 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *b* 并返回解码过的 " +":class:`bytes`。 如有必要，填充会被隐式地移除。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Encode the :term:`bytes-like object` *s* using Z85 (as used in ZeroMQ) and " +"return the encoded :class:`bytes`. See `Z85 specification " +"`_ for more information." +msgstr "" +"使用 Z85 (如在 ZeroMQ 中所使用的) 来编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s* 并返回已编码的 " +":class:`bytes`。 请参阅 `Z85 规范说明 `_ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:258 +msgid "" +"Decode the Z85-encoded :term:`bytes-like object` or ASCII string *s* and " +"return the decoded :class:`bytes`. See `Z85 specification " +"`_ for more information." +msgstr "" +"解码 Z85 编码的 :term:`bytes-like object` 或 ASCII 字符串 *s* 并返回已解码的 :class:`bytes`。" +" 请参阅 `Z85 规范说明 `_ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:265 +msgid "The legacy interface:" +msgstr "旧式接口:" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Decode the contents of the binary *input* file and write the resulting " +"binary data to the *output* file. *input* and *output* must be :term:`file " +"objects `. *input* will be read until ``input.readline()`` " +"returns an empty bytes object." +msgstr "" +"解码二进制 *input* 文件的内容并将结果二进制数据写入 *output* 文件。 *input* 和 *output* 必须为 " +":term:`文件对象 `. *input* 将被读取直至 ``input.readline()`` 返回空字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Decode the :term:`bytes-like object` *s*, which must contain one or more " +"lines of base64 encoded data, and return the decoded :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"解码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s*，该对象必须包含一行或多行 base64 编码的数据，并返回已解码的 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Encode the contents of the binary *input* file and write the resulting " +"base64 encoded data to the *output* file. *input* and *output* must be " +":term:`file objects `. *input* will be read until " +"``input.read()`` returns an empty bytes object. :func:`encode` inserts a " +"newline character (``b'\\n'``) after every 76 bytes of the output, as well " +"as ensuring that the output always ends with a newline, as per :rfc:`2045` " +"(MIME)." +msgstr "" +"编码二进制 *input* 文件的内容并将经 base64 编码的数据写入 *output* 文件。 *input* 和 *output* 必须为 " +":term:`文件对象 `。 *input* 将被读取直到 ``input.read()`` 返回空字节串对象。 " +":func:`encode` 会在每输出 76 个字节之后插入一个换行符 (``b'\\n'``)，并会确保输出总是以换行符来结束，如 " +":rfc:`2045` (MIME) 所规定的那样。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Encode the :term:`bytes-like object` *s*, which can contain arbitrary binary" +" data, and return :class:`bytes` containing the base64-encoded data, with " +"newlines (``b'\\n'``) inserted after every 76 bytes of output, and ensuring " +"that there is a trailing newline, as per :rfc:`2045` (MIME)." +msgstr "" +"编码 :term:`bytes-like object` *s*，其中可以包含任意二进制数据，并返回包含经 base64 编码数据的 " +":class:`bytes`，每输出 76 个字节之后将带一个换行符 (``b'\\n'``)，并会确保在末尾也有一个换行符，如 :rfc:`2045`" +" (MIME) 所规定的那样。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:303 +msgid "An example usage of the module:" +msgstr "此模块的一个使用示例:" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:316 +msgid "Security Considerations" +msgstr "安全考量" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:318 +msgid "" +"A new security considerations section was added to :rfc:`4648` (section 12);" +" it's recommended to review the security section for any code deployed to " +"production." +msgstr "在 :rfc:`4648` 中新增了安全事项部分（第 12 节）；对于要部署到生产环境的任何代码都建议充分考虑此安全事项部分。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:323 +msgid "Module :mod:`binascii`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`binascii`" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Support module containing ASCII-to-binary and binary-to-ASCII conversions." +msgstr "支持模块，包含ASCII到二进制和二进制到ASCII转换。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:326 +msgid "" +":rfc:`1521` - MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: " +"Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message " +"Bodies" +msgstr "" +":rfc:`1521` - MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) " +"第一部分：规定并描述因特网消息体的格式的机制。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:327 +msgid "" +"Section 5.2, \"Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding,\" provides the definition " +"of the base64 encoding." +msgstr "第 5.2 节，“Base64 内容转换编码格式” 提供了 base64 编码格式的定义。" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:10 +msgid "base64" +msgstr "base64" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:10 +msgid "encoding" +msgstr "encoding" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:10 +msgid "MIME" +msgstr "MIME" + +#: ../../library/base64.rst:10 +msgid "base64 encoding" +msgstr "base64 编码格式" diff --git a/library/bdb.po b/library/bdb.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d457a11f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/bdb.po @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汇民 王 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:55+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!bdb` --- Debugger framework" +msgstr ":mod:`!bdb` --- 调试器框架" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/bdb.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/bdb.py`" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bdb` module handles basic debugger functions, like setting " +"breakpoints or managing execution via the debugger." +msgstr ":mod:`bdb` 模块处理基本的调试器函数，例如设置中断点或通过调试器来管理执行。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:14 +msgid "The following exception is defined:" +msgstr "定义了以下异常：" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:18 +msgid "Exception raised by the :class:`Bdb` class for quitting the debugger." +msgstr "由 :class:`Bdb` 类引发用于退出调试器的异常。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:21 +msgid "The :mod:`bdb` module also defines two classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`bdb` 模块还定义了两个类:" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:25 +msgid "" +"This class implements temporary breakpoints, ignore counts, disabling and " +"(re-)enabling, and conditionals." +msgstr "这个类实现了临时性中断点、忽略计数、禁用与（重新）启用，以及条件设置等。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Breakpoints are indexed by number through a list called :attr:`bpbynumber` " +"and by ``(file, line)`` pairs through :attr:`bplist`. The former points to " +"a single instance of class :class:`Breakpoint`. The latter points to a list" +" of such instances since there may be more than one breakpoint per line." +msgstr "" +"中断点通过一个名为 :attr:`bpbynumber` 的列表基于数字并通过 :attr:`bplist` 基于 ``(file, line)`` " +"对进行索引。 前者指向一个 :class:`Breakpoint` 类的单独实例。 后者指向一个由这种实例组成的列表，因为在每一行中可能存在多个中断点。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:33 +msgid "" +"When creating a breakpoint, its associated :attr:`file name ` should " +"be in canonical form. If a :attr:`funcname` is defined, a breakpoint " +":attr:`hit ` will be counted when the first line of that function is " +"executed. A :attr:`conditional ` breakpoint always counts a " +":attr:`hit `." +msgstr "" +"当创建一个中断点时，它所关联的 :attr:`文件名 ` 应当为规范形式。 如果定义了 " +":attr:`funcname`，则当该函数的第一行被执行时将增加一次中断点 :attr:`命中 ` 次数。 :attr:`有条件的 " +"` 中断点将总是会计入 :attr:`命中 ` 次数。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:39 +msgid ":class:`Breakpoint` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Breakpoint` 的实例具有下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Delete the breakpoint from the list associated to a file/line. If it is the" +" last breakpoint in that position, it also deletes the entry for the " +"file/line." +msgstr "从关联到文件/行的列表中删除此中断点。 如果它是该位置上的最后一个中断点，还将删除相应的文件/行条目。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:50 +msgid "Mark the breakpoint as enabled." +msgstr "将此中断点标记为启用。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:55 +msgid "Mark the breakpoint as disabled." +msgstr "将此中断点标记为禁用。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Return a string with all the information about the breakpoint, nicely " +"formatted:" +msgstr "返回一个带有关于此中断点的所有信息的，格式良好的字符串:" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:63 +msgid "Breakpoint number." +msgstr "中断点编号 。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:64 +msgid "Temporary status (del or keep)." +msgstr "临时状态（删除或保留）。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:65 +msgid "File/line position." +msgstr "文件/行位置。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:66 +msgid "Break condition." +msgstr "中断条件" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:67 +msgid "Number of times to ignore." +msgstr "要忽略的次数。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:68 +msgid "Number of times hit." +msgstr "命中的次数。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Print the output of :meth:`bpformat` to the file *out*, or if it is " +"``None``, to standard output." +msgstr "" +"将 :meth:`bpformat` 的输出打印到文件 *out*，或者如果为 ``None`` 则打印到标准输出。, to standard " +"output." + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:77 +msgid ":class:`Breakpoint` instances have the following attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`Breakpoint` 实例具有以下属性:" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:81 +msgid "File name of the :class:`Breakpoint`." +msgstr ":class:`Breakpoint` 的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:85 +msgid "Line number of the :class:`Breakpoint` within :attr:`file`." +msgstr ":class:`Breakpoint` 在 :attr:`file` 中的行号。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:89 +msgid "``True`` if a :class:`Breakpoint` at (file, line) is temporary." +msgstr "如果位于 (file, line) 的 :class:`Breakpoint` 是临时性的则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:93 +msgid "Condition for evaluating a :class:`Breakpoint` at (file, line)." +msgstr "在 (file, line) 上对 :class:`Breakpoint` 求值的条件。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Function name that defines whether a :class:`Breakpoint` is hit upon " +"entering the function." +msgstr "用于定义在进入函数时一个 :class:`Breakpoint` 是否命中的函数的名称。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:102 +msgid "``True`` if :class:`Breakpoint` is enabled." +msgstr "如果 :class:`Breakpoint` 被启用则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:106 +msgid "Numeric index for a single instance of a :class:`Breakpoint`." +msgstr "一个 :class:`Breakpoint` 单独实例的数字索引。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Dictionary of :class:`Breakpoint` instances indexed by (:attr:`file`, " +":attr:`line`) tuples." +msgstr "以 (:attr:`file`, :attr:`line`) 元组作为索引的 :class:`Breakpoint` 实例的字典。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:115 +msgid "Number of times to ignore a :class:`Breakpoint`." +msgstr "忽略一个 :class:`Breakpoint` 的次数。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:119 +msgid "Count of the number of times a :class:`Breakpoint` has been hit." +msgstr "命中一个 :class:`Breakpoint` 的次数统计。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:123 +msgid "The :class:`Bdb` class acts as a generic Python debugger base class." +msgstr ":class:`Bdb` 类是作为通用的 Python 调试器基类。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:125 +msgid "" +"This class takes care of the details of the trace facility; a derived class " +"should implement user interaction. The standard debugger class " +"(:class:`pdb.Pdb`) is an example." +msgstr "这个类负责追踪工具的细节；所派生的类应当实现用户交互。 标准调试器类 (:class:`pdb.Pdb`) 就是一个例子。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The *skip* argument, if given, must be an iterable of glob-style module name" +" patterns. The debugger will not step into frames that originate in a " +"module that matches one of these patterns. Whether a frame is considered to " +"originate in a certain module is determined by the ``__name__`` in the frame" +" globals." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *skip* 参数，它必须是一个包含 glob 风格的模块名称模式的可迭代对象。 调试器将不会步进到来自与这些模式相匹配的模块的帧。 " +"一个帧是否会被视为来自特定的模块是由帧的 ``__name__`` 全局变量来确定的。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:135 +msgid "Added the *skip* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *skip* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:138 +msgid "" +"The following methods of :class:`Bdb` normally don't need to be overridden." +msgstr ":class:`Bdb` 的以下方法通常不需要被重写。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:142 +msgid "Return canonical form of *filename*." +msgstr "返回 *filename* 的规范形式。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:144 +msgid "" +"For real file names, the canonical form is an operating-system-dependent, " +":func:`case-normalized ` :func:`absolute path " +"`. A *filename* with angle brackets, such as " +"``\"\"`` generated in interactive mode, is returned unchanged." +msgstr "" +"对于真实的文件名称，此规范形式是一个依赖于具体操作系统的，:func:`大小写规范的 ` :func:`绝对路径 " +"`。 在交互模式下生成的带有尖括号的 *filename*，如 ``\"\"``，会被不加修改地返回。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Set the :attr:`!botframe`, :attr:`!stopframe`, :attr:`!returnframe` and " +":attr:`quitting ` attributes with values ready to start " +"debugging." +msgstr "" +"将 :attr:`!botframe`, :attr:`!stopframe`, :attr:`!returnframe` 和 " +":attr:`quitting ` 属性设为准备开始调试的值。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:156 +msgid "" +"This function is installed as the trace function of debugged frames. Its " +"return value is the new trace function (in most cases, that is, itself)." +msgstr "此函数被安装为被调试帧的追踪函数。 它的返回值是新的追踪函数（在大多数情况下就是它自身）。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:159 +msgid "" +"The default implementation decides how to dispatch a frame, depending on the" +" type of event (passed as a string) that is about to be executed. *event* " +"can be one of the following:" +msgstr "默认实现会决定如何分派帧，这取决于即将被执行的事件的类型（作为字符串传入）。 *event* 可以是下列值之一:" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:163 +msgid "``\"line\"``: A new line of code is going to be executed." +msgstr "``\"line\"``: 一个新的代码行即将被执行。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:164 +msgid "" +"``\"call\"``: A function is about to be called, or another code block " +"entered." +msgstr "``\"call\"``: 一个函数即将被调用，或者进入了另一个代码块。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:166 +msgid "``\"return\"``: A function or other code block is about to return." +msgstr "``\"return\"``: 一个函数或其他代码块即将返回。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:167 +msgid "``\"exception\"``: An exception has occurred." +msgstr "``\"exception\"``: 一个异常已发生。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:168 +msgid "``\"c_call\"``: A C function is about to be called." +msgstr "``\"c_call\"``: 一个 C 函数即将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:169 +msgid "``\"c_return\"``: A C function has returned." +msgstr "``\"c_return\"``: 一个 C 函数已返回。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:170 +msgid "``\"c_exception\"``: A C function has raised an exception." +msgstr "``\"c_exception\"``: 一个 C 函数引发了异常。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:172 +msgid "" +"For the Python events, specialized functions (see below) are called. For " +"the C events, no action is taken." +msgstr "对于 Python 事件，调用了专门的函数（见下文）。 对于 C 事件，不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:175 +msgid "The *arg* parameter depends on the previous event." +msgstr "*arg* 形参取决于之前的事件。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:177 +msgid "" +"See the documentation for :func:`sys.settrace` for more information on the " +"trace function. For more information on code and frame objects, refer to " +":ref:`types`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :func:`sys.settrace` 的文档了解追踪函数的更多信息。 对于代码和帧对象的详情，请参考 :ref:`types`。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:183 +msgid "" +"If the debugger should stop on the current line, invoke the " +":meth:`user_line` method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a" +" :exc:`BdbQuit` exception if the :attr:`quitting ` flag is " +"set (which can be set from :meth:`user_line`). Return a reference to the " +":meth:`trace_dispatch` method for further tracing in that scope." +msgstr "" +"如果调试器应该在当前行上停止，则唤起 :meth:`user_line` 方法（该方法应当在子类中被重写）。 如果设置了 :attr:`quitting" +" ` 旗标（可通过 :meth:`user_line` 来设置）则将引发 :exc:`BdbQuit` 异常。 返回一个对" +" :meth:`trace_dispatch` 方法的引用以便在该作用域内进一步地追踪。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:191 +msgid "" +"If the debugger should stop on this function call, invoke the " +":meth:`user_call` method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a" +" :exc:`BdbQuit` exception if the :attr:`quitting ` flag is " +"set (which can be set from :meth:`user_call`). Return a reference to the " +":meth:`trace_dispatch` method for further tracing in that scope." +msgstr "" +"如果调试器应该在此函数调用上停止，则唤起 :meth:`user_call` 方法（该方法应当在子类中被重写）。 如果设置了 " +":attr:`quitting ` 旗标（可通过 :meth:`user_call` 来设置）则将引发 " +":exc:`BdbQuit` 异常。 返回一个对 :meth:`trace_dispatch` 方法的引用以便在该作用域内进一步地追踪。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:199 +msgid "" +"If the debugger should stop on this function return, invoke the " +":meth:`user_return` method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise" +" a :exc:`BdbQuit` exception if the :attr:`quitting ` flag is " +"set (which can be set from :meth:`user_return`). Return a reference to the " +":meth:`trace_dispatch` method for further tracing in that scope." +msgstr "" +"如果调试器应当在此函数调用上停止，则唤起 :meth:`user_return` 方法（该方法应当在子类中被重写）。 如果设置了 " +":attr:`quitting ` 旗标（可通过 :meth:`user_return` 来设置）则将引发 " +":exc:`BdbQuit` 异常。 返回一个对 :meth:`trace_dispatch` 方法的引用以便在该作用域内进一步地追踪。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:207 +msgid "" +"If the debugger should stop at this exception, invokes the " +":meth:`user_exception` method (which should be overridden in subclasses). " +"Raise a :exc:`BdbQuit` exception if the :attr:`quitting ` " +"flag is set (which can be set from :meth:`user_exception`). Return a " +"reference to the :meth:`trace_dispatch` method for further tracing in that " +"scope." +msgstr "" +"如果调试器应当在此异常上停止,则唤起 :meth:`user_exception` 方法（该方法应当在子类中被重写）。 如果设置了 " +":attr:`quitting ` 旗标（可通过 :meth:`user_exception` 设置）则将引发 " +":exc:`BdbQuit` 异常。 返回一个对 :meth:`trace_dispatch` 方法的引用以便在该作用域内进一步地追踪。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Normally derived classes don't override the following methods, but they may " +"if they want to redefine the definition of stopping and breakpoints." +msgstr "通常情况下派生的类不会重写下列方法，但是如果想要重新定义停止和中断点的定义则可能会重写它们。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:218 +msgid "Return ``True`` if *module_name* matches any skip pattern." +msgstr "如果 *module_name* 匹配到任何跳过模式则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:222 +msgid "Return ``True`` if *frame* is below the starting frame in the stack." +msgstr "如果 *frame* 在栈的起始帧之下则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:226 +msgid "Return ``True`` if there is an effective breakpoint for this line." +msgstr "如果该行有生效的中断点则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Check whether a line or function breakpoint exists and is in effect. Delete" +" temporary breakpoints based on information from :func:`effective`." +msgstr "检测某行或某函数是否存在中断点且处于生效状态。 基于来自 :func:`effective` 的信息删除临时中断点。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:233 +msgid "Return ``True`` if any breakpoint exists for *frame*'s filename." +msgstr "如果存在任何针对 *frame* 的文件名的中断点则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:235 +msgid "" +"Derived classes should override these methods to gain control over debugger " +"operation." +msgstr "派生的类应当重写这些方法以获取调试器操作的控制权。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Called from :meth:`dispatch_call` if a break might stop inside the called " +"function." +msgstr "如果中断可能在被调用的函数内停止则会从 :meth:`dispatch_call` 来调用。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:243 +msgid "" +"*argument_list* is not used anymore and will always be ``None``. The " +"argument is kept for backwards compatibility." +msgstr "*argument_list* 已不再使用并将始终为 ``None``。 该参数被保留用于向下兼容。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:248 +msgid "" +"Called from :meth:`dispatch_line` when either :meth:`stop_here` or " +":meth:`break_here` returns ``True``." +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`stop_here` 或 :meth:`break_here` 返回 ``True`` 时则会从 " +":meth:`dispatch_line` 来调用。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Called from :meth:`dispatch_return` when :meth:`stop_here` returns ``True``." +msgstr "当 :meth:`stop_here` 返回 ``True`` 时则会从 :meth:`dispatch_return` 来调用。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:257 +msgid "" +"Called from :meth:`dispatch_exception` when :meth:`stop_here` returns " +"``True``." +msgstr "当 :meth:`stop_here` 返回 ``True`` 时则会从 :meth:`dispatch_exception` 来调用。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:262 +msgid "Handle how a breakpoint must be removed when it is a temporary one." +msgstr "处理当一个中断点属于临时性中断点时是否必须要移除它。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:264 +msgid "This method must be implemented by derived classes." +msgstr "此方法必须由派生类来实现。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to affect the " +"stepping state." +msgstr "派生类与客户端可以调用以下方法来影响步进状态。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:272 +msgid "Stop after one line of code." +msgstr "在一行代码之后停止。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:276 +msgid "Stop on the next line in or below the given frame." +msgstr "在给定的帧以内或以下的下一行停止。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:280 +msgid "Stop when returning from the given frame." +msgstr "当从给定的帧返回时停止。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Stop when the line with the *lineno* greater than the current one is reached" +" or when returning from current frame." +msgstr "在 *lineno* 行大于当前所到达的行或者在从当前帧返回时停止。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:289 +msgid "" +"Start debugging from *frame*. If *frame* is not specified, debugging starts" +" from caller's frame." +msgstr "从 *frame* 开始调试。 如果未指定 *frame*，则从调用者的帧开始调试。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:292 +msgid "" +":func:`set_trace` will enter the debugger immediately, rather than on the " +"next line of code to be executed." +msgstr ":func:`set_trace` 将立即进入调试器，而不是在下一行要执行的代码上进入。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:298 +msgid "" +"Stop only at breakpoints or when finished. If there are no breakpoints, set" +" the system trace function to ``None``." +msgstr "仅在中断点上或是当结束时停止。 如果不存在中断点，则将系统追踪函数设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Set the :attr:`!quitting` attribute to ``True``. This raises :exc:`BdbQuit`" +" in the next call to one of the :meth:`!dispatch_\\*` methods." +msgstr "" +"将 :attr:`!quitting` 属性设为 ``True``。 这将在对某个 :meth:`!dispatch_\\*` 方法的下一次调用中引发 " +":exc:`BdbQuit`。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to manipulate " +"breakpoints. These methods return a string containing an error message if " +"something went wrong, or ``None`` if all is well." +msgstr "" +"派生的类和客户端可以调用下列方法来操纵中断点。 如果出现错误则这些方法将返回一个包含错误消息的字符串，或者如果一切正常则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Set a new breakpoint. If the *lineno* line doesn't exist for the *filename*" +" passed as argument, return an error message. The *filename* should be in " +"canonical form, as described in the :meth:`canonic` method." +msgstr "" +"设置一个新的中断点。 如果对于作为参数传入的 *filename* 不存在 *lineno*，则返回一条错误消息。 *filename* " +"应为规范的形式，如在 :meth:`canonic` 方法中描述的。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:321 +msgid "" +"Delete the breakpoints in *filename* and *lineno*. If none were set, return" +" an error message." +msgstr "删除位于 *filename* 和 *lineno* 的中断点。 如果未设置过中断点，则返回一条错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Delete the breakpoint which has the index *arg* in the " +":attr:`Breakpoint.bpbynumber`. If *arg* is not numeric or out of range, " +"return an error message." +msgstr "" +"删除 :attr:`Breakpoint.bpbynumber` 中索引号为 *arg* 的中断点。 如果 *arg* " +"不是数字或超出范围，则返回一条错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Delete all breakpoints in *filename*. If none were set, return an error " +"message." +msgstr "删除位于 *filename* 的所有中断点。 如果未设置过中断点，则返回一条错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:337 +msgid "" +"Delete all existing breakpoints. If none were set, return an error message." +msgstr "删除所有现存的中断点。 如果未设置过中断点，则返回一条错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Return a breakpoint specified by the given number. If *arg* is a string, it" +" will be converted to a number. If *arg* is a non-numeric string, if the " +"given breakpoint never existed or has been deleted, a :exc:`ValueError` is " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"返回由指定数字所指明的中断点。 如果 *arg* 是一个字符串，它将被转换为一个数字。 如果 *arg* " +"不是一个表示数字的字符串，如果给定的中断点不存在或者已被删除，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:351 +msgid "Return ``True`` if there is a breakpoint for *lineno* in *filename*." +msgstr "如果存在针对 *filename* 中 *lineno* 的中断点则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:355 +msgid "" +"Return all breakpoints for *lineno* in *filename*, or an empty list if none " +"are set." +msgstr "返回 *filename* 中在 *lineno* 上的所有中断点，或者如果未设置任何中断点则返回一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Return all breakpoints in *filename*, or an empty list if none are set." +msgstr "返回 *filename* 中的所有中断点，或者如果未设置任何中断点则返回一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:364 +msgid "Return all breakpoints that are set." +msgstr "返回已设置的所有中断点。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:367 +msgid "" +"Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to get a data " +"structure representing a stack trace." +msgstr "派生类与客户端可以调用以下方法来获取一个代表栈回溯信息的数组结构。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:372 +msgid "Return a list of (frame, lineno) tuples in a stack trace, and a size." +msgstr "返回一个栈回溯中 (frame, lineno) 元组的列表，及一个大小值。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:374 +msgid "" +"The most recently called frame is last in the list. The size is the number " +"of frames below the frame where the debugger was invoked." +msgstr "最近调用的帧将排在列表的末尾。 大小值即调试器被唤起所在帧之下的帧数量。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Return a string with information about a stack entry, which is a ``(frame, " +"lineno)`` tuple. The return string contains:" +msgstr "返回一个字符串，其内容为有关以 ``(frame, lineno)`` 元组表示的特定栈条目的信息。 返回的字符串包含:" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:382 +msgid "The canonical filename which contains the frame." +msgstr "包含该帧的规范文件名。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:383 +msgid "The function name or ``\"\"``." +msgstr "函数名称或 ``\"\"``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:384 +msgid "The input arguments." +msgstr "输入参数。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:385 +msgid "The return value." +msgstr "返回值。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:386 +msgid "The line of code (if it exists)." +msgstr "代码的行（如果存在）。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:389 +msgid "" +"The following two methods can be called by clients to use a debugger to " +"debug a :term:`statement`, given as a string." +msgstr "以下两个方法可由客户端调用以使用一个调试器来调试一条以字符串形式给出的 :term:`statement`。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Debug a statement executed via the :func:`exec` function. *globals* " +"defaults to :attr:`!__main__.__dict__`, *locals* defaults to *globals*." +msgstr "" +"调试一条通过 :func:`exec` 函数执行的语句。 *globals* 默认为 " +":attr:`!__main__.__dict__`，*locals* 默认为 *globals*。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Debug an expression executed via the :func:`eval` function. *globals* and " +"*locals* have the same meaning as in :meth:`run`." +msgstr "" +"调试一条通过 :func:`eval` 函数执行的表达式。 *globals* 和 *locals* 的含义与在 :meth:`run` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:404 +msgid "For backwards compatibility. Calls the :meth:`run` method." +msgstr "为了保证向下兼容性。 调用 :meth:`run` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:408 +msgid "Debug a single function call, and return its result." +msgstr "调试一个单独的函数调用，并返回其结果。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:411 +msgid "Finally, the module defines the following functions:" +msgstr "最后，这个模块定义了以下函数:" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:415 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if we should break here, depending on the way the " +":class:`Breakpoint` *b* was set." +msgstr "如果应当在此中断则返回 ``True``，具体取决于 :class:`Breakpoint` *b* 的设置方式。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:418 +msgid "" +"If it was set via line number, it checks if :attr:`b.line " +"` is the same as the one in *frame*. If the breakpoint " +"was set via :attr:`function name `, we have to " +"check we are in the right *frame* (the right function) and if we are on its " +"first executable line." +msgstr "" +"如果是通过行号设置的，它将检查 :attr:`b.line ` 是否与 *frame* 中的行一致。 " +"如果中断点是通过 :attr:`函数名称 ` 设置的，则必须检查是否位于正确的 *帧* (正确的函数)" +" 以及是否位于其中第一个可执行的行。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:427 +msgid "" +"Return ``(active breakpoint, delete temporary flag)`` or ``(None, None)`` as" +" the breakpoint to act upon." +msgstr "" +"返回 ``(active breakpoint, delete temporary flag)`` 或 ``(None, None)`` " +"作为目标中断点。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:430 +msgid "" +"The *active breakpoint* is the first entry in :attr:`bplist " +"` for the (:attr:`file `, " +":attr:`line `) (which must exist) that is " +":attr:`enabled `, for which :func:`checkfuncname` is" +" true, and that has neither a false :attr:`condition ` " +"nor positive :attr:`ignore ` count. The *flag*, " +"meaning that a temporary breakpoint should be deleted, is ``False`` only " +"when the :attr:`cond ` cannot be evaluated (in which " +"case, :attr:`ignore ` count is ignored)." +msgstr "" +"*激活的中断点* 是 :attr:`bplist ` 中对应 (:attr:`file " +"`, :attr:`line `) (它必须存在) 的第一个 " +":attr:`已启用的 ` 条目，对应的 :func:`checkfuncname` " +"为真值，并且没有为假值的 :attr:`cond ` 或为正值的 :attr:`ignore " +"` 计数。 *flag* 表示临时中断点应当被删除，它仅在 :attr:`cond " +"` 无法被求值时 (在此情况下，:attr:`ignore ` " +"计数将被忽略) 才会为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:441 +msgid "If no such entry exists, then ``(None, None)`` is returned." +msgstr "如果不存在这样的条目，则返回 ``(None, None)``。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:446 +msgid "Start debugging with a :class:`Bdb` instance from caller's frame." +msgstr "使用一个来自调用方的帧的 :class:`Bdb` 实例开始调试。" + +#: ../../library/bdb.rst:303 +msgid "quitting (bdb.Bdb attribute)" +msgstr "quitting (bdb.Bdb 属性)" diff --git a/library/binary.po b/library/binary.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ef4975ac --- /dev/null +++ b/library/binary.po @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/binary.rst:5 +msgid "Binary Data Services" +msgstr "二进制数据服务" + +#: ../../library/binary.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter provide some basic services operations" +" for manipulation of binary data. Other operations on binary data, " +"specifically in relation to file formats and network protocols, are " +"described in the relevant sections." +msgstr "" +"本章介绍的模块提供了一些操作二进制数据的基本服务操作。 有关二进制数据的其他操作，特别是与文件格式和网络协议有关的操作，将在相关章节中介绍。" + +#: ../../library/binary.rst:12 +msgid "" +"Some libraries described under :ref:`textservices` also work with either " +"ASCII-compatible binary formats (for example, :mod:`re`) or all binary data " +"(for example, :mod:`difflib`)." +msgstr "" +"下面描述的一些库 :ref:`textservices` 也可以使用 ASCII 兼容的二进制格式（例如 :mod:`re` ）或所有二进制数据（例如 " +":mod:`difflib` ）。" + +#: ../../library/binary.rst:16 +msgid "" +"In addition, see the documentation for Python's built-in binary data types " +"in :ref:`binaryseq`." +msgstr "另外，请参阅 Python 的内置二进制数据类型的文档 :ref:`binaryseq` 。" diff --git a/library/binascii.po b/library/binascii.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77ee2fa38 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/binascii.po @@ -0,0 +1,282 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# 开 方 , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# walkinrain , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!binascii` --- Convert between binary and ASCII" +msgstr ":mod:`!binascii` --- 在二进制数据和 ASCII 之间进行转换" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`binascii` module contains a number of methods to convert between " +"binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. Normally, you will " +"not use these functions directly but use wrapper modules like :mod:`base64` " +"instead. The :mod:`binascii` module contains low-level functions written in " +"C for greater speed that are used by the higher-level modules." +msgstr "" +":mod:`binascii` 模块包含多个方法用来在二进制数据和多种 ASCII 编码的二进制数据表示形式之间进行转换。 " +"在通常情况下，你不会直接使用这些函数而是使用 :mod:`base64` 这样的包装器模块作为替代。 :mod:`binascii` 模块包含用 C " +"语言编写的供这些高层级模块使用的低层级函数以获得更快的运行速度。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:22 +msgid "" +"``a2b_*`` functions accept Unicode strings containing only ASCII characters." +" Other functions only accept :term:`bytes-like objects ` " +"(such as :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` and other objects that support " +"the buffer protocol)." +msgstr "" +"``a2b_*`` 函数接受只含有 ASCII 码的Unicode 字符串。其他函数只接受 :term:`字节类对象 ` （例如 :class:`bytes`，:class:`bytearray` 和其他支持缓冲区协议的对象）。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:27 +msgid "" +"ASCII-only unicode strings are now accepted by the ``a2b_*`` functions." +msgstr " ``a2b_*`` 函数支持只包含 ASCII 的 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:31 +msgid "The :mod:`binascii` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`binascii` 模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Convert a single line of uuencoded data back to binary and return the binary" +" data. Lines normally contain 45 (binary) bytes, except for the last line. " +"Line data may be followed by whitespace." +msgstr "将单行 uu 编码数据转换成二进制数据并返回。uu 编码每行的数据通常包含45 个（二进制）字节，最后一行除外。每行数据后面可能跟有空格。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Convert binary data to a line of ASCII characters, the return value is the " +"converted line, including a newline char. The length of *data* should be at " +"most 45. If *backtick* is true, zeros are represented by ``'`'`` instead of " +"spaces." +msgstr "" +"将二进制数据转换为 ASCII 编码字符，返回值是转换后的行数据，包括换行符。 *data* 的长度最多为45。如果 *backtick* " +"为ture，则零由 ``'`'`` 而不是空格表示。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:47 +msgid "Added the *backtick* parameter." +msgstr "增加 *backtick* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Convert a block of base64 data back to binary and return the binary data. " +"More than one line may be passed at a time." +msgstr "将 base64 数据块转换成二进制并以二进制数据形式返回。一次可以传递多行数据。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:56 +msgid "" +"If *strict_mode* is true, only valid base64 data will be converted. Invalid " +"base64 data will raise :exc:`binascii.Error`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *strict_mode* 为真值，则将只转换有效的 base64 数据。 无效的 base64 数据将会引发 " +":exc:`binascii.Error`。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:59 +msgid "Valid base64:" +msgstr "有效的 base64:" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:61 +msgid "Conforms to :rfc:`3548`." +msgstr "遵循 :rfc:`3548`。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:62 +msgid "Contains only characters from the base64 alphabet." +msgstr "仅包含来自 base64 字符表的字符。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Contains no excess data after padding (including excess padding, newlines, " +"etc.)." +msgstr "不包含填充后的额外数据（包括冗余填充、换行符等）。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:64 +msgid "Does not start with a padding." +msgstr "不以填充符打头。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:66 +msgid "Added the *strict_mode* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *strict_mode* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Convert binary data to a line of ASCII characters in base64 coding. The " +"return value is the converted line, including a newline char if *newline* is" +" true. The output of this function conforms to :rfc:`3548`." +msgstr "" +"将二进制数据转换为一行用 base64 编码的ASCII字符串。返回值是转换后的行数据，如果 *newline* " +"为true，则返回值包括换行符。该函数的输出符合：rfc：`3548`。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:76 +msgid "Added the *newline* parameter." +msgstr "增加 *newline* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Convert a block of quoted-printable data back to binary and return the " +"binary data. More than one line may be passed at a time. If the optional " +"argument *header* is present and true, underscores will be decoded as " +"spaces." +msgstr "" +"将一个引号可打印的数据块转换成二进制数据并返回。一次可以转换多行。如果可选参数 *header* 存在且为true，则数据中的下划线将被解码成空格。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Convert binary data to a line(s) of ASCII characters in quoted-printable " +"encoding. The return value is the converted line(s). If the optional " +"argument *quotetabs* is present and true, all tabs and spaces will be " +"encoded. If the optional argument *istext* is present and true, newlines " +"are not encoded but trailing whitespace will be encoded. If the optional " +"argument *header* is present and true, spaces will be encoded as underscores" +" per :rfc:`1522`. If the optional argument *header* is present and false, " +"newline characters will be encoded as well; otherwise linefeed conversion " +"might corrupt the binary data stream." +msgstr "" +"将二进制数据转换为一行或多行带引号可打印编码的ASCII字符串。返回值是转换后的行数据。如果可选参数 *quotetabs* " +"存在且为真值，则对所有制表符和空格进行编码。如果可选参数 *istext* 存在且为真值，则不对新行进行编码，但将对尾随空格进行编码。如果可选参数 " +"*header* 存在且为true，则空格将被编码为下划线 :rfc:`1522`。如果可选参数 *header* " +"存在且为假值，则也会对换行符进行编码;不进行换行转换编码可能会破坏二进制数据流。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Compute a 16-bit CRC value of *data*, starting with *value* as the initial " +"CRC, and return the result. This uses the CRC-CCITT polynomial *x*:sup:`16`" +" + *x*:sup:`12` + *x*:sup:`5` + 1, often represented as 0x1021. This CRC is" +" used in the binhex4 format." +msgstr "" +"以 *value* 作为初始 CRC 计算 *data* 的16位 CRC 值，返回其结果。这里使用 CRC-CCITT 生成多项式 " +"*x*:sup:`16` + *x*:sup:`12` + *x*:sup:`5` + 1 ，通常表示为0x1021。该 CRC 被用于 binhex4" +" 格式。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Compute CRC-32, the unsigned 32-bit checksum of *data*, starting with an " +"initial CRC of *value*. The default initial CRC is zero. The algorithm is " +"consistent with the ZIP file checksum. Since the algorithm is designed for " +"use as a checksum algorithm, it is not suitable for use as a general hash " +"algorithm. Use as follows::" +msgstr "" +"计算 CRC-32，即 *data* 的无符号 32 位校验和，初始 CRC 值为 *value*。 默认的初始 CRC 值为零。 该算法与 ZIP " +"文件校验和算法一致。 由于该算法被设计用作校验和算法，因此不适合用作通用哈希算法。 使用方式如下::" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:116 +msgid "" +"print(binascii.crc32(b\"hello world\"))\n" +"# Or, in two pieces:\n" +"crc = binascii.crc32(b\"hello\")\n" +"crc = binascii.crc32(b\" world\", crc)\n" +"print('crc32 = {:#010x}'.format(crc))" +msgstr "" +"print(binascii.crc32(b\"hello world\"))\n" +"# 或者，分成两块：\n" +"crc = binascii.crc32(b\"hello\")\n" +"crc = binascii.crc32(b\" world\", crc)\n" +"print('crc32 = {:#010x}'.format(crc))" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:122 +msgid "The result is always unsigned." +msgstr "结果将总是不带符号的。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Return the hexadecimal representation of the binary *data*. Every byte of " +"*data* is converted into the corresponding 2-digit hex representation. The " +"returned bytes object is therefore twice as long as the length of *data*." +msgstr "" +"返回二进制数据 *data* 的十六进制表示形式。 *data* 的每个字节都被转换为相应的2位十六进制表示形式。因此返回的字节对象的长度是 " +"*data* 的两倍。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Similar functionality (but returning a text string) is also conveniently " +"accessible using the :meth:`bytes.hex` method." +msgstr "使用：:meth:`bytes.hex` 方法也可以方便地实现相似的功能（但仅返回文本字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:135 +msgid "" +"If *sep* is specified, it must be a single character str or bytes object. It" +" will be inserted in the output after every *bytes_per_sep* input bytes. " +"Separator placement is counted from the right end of the output by default, " +"if you wish to count from the left, supply a negative *bytes_per_sep* value." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *sep*，它必须为单字符 str 或 bytes 对象。 它将被插入每个 *bytes_per_sep* 输入字节之后。 " +"分隔符位置默认从输出的右端开始计数，如果你希望从左端开始计数，请提供一个负的 *bytes_per_sep* 值。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:150 +msgid "The *sep* and *bytes_per_sep* parameters were added." +msgstr "添加了 *sep* 和 *bytes_per_sep* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Return the binary data represented by the hexadecimal string *hexstr*. This" +" function is the inverse of :func:`b2a_hex`. *hexstr* must contain an even " +"number of hexadecimal digits (which can be upper or lower case), otherwise " +"an :exc:`Error` exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"返回由十六进制字符串 *hexstr* 表示的二进制数据。此函数功能与 :func:`b2a_hex` 相反。 *hexstr* " +"必须包含偶数个十六进制数字（可以是大写或小写），否则会引发 :exc:`Error` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Similar functionality (accepting only text string arguments, but more " +"liberal towards whitespace) is also accessible using the " +":meth:`bytes.fromhex` class method." +msgstr "使用：:meth:`bytes.fromhex` 类方法也实现相似的功能（仅接受文本字符串参数，不限制其中的空白字符）。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:167 +msgid "Exception raised on errors. These are usually programming errors." +msgstr "通常是因为编程错误引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Exception raised on incomplete data. These are usually not programming " +"errors, but may be handled by reading a little more data and trying again." +msgstr "数据不完整引发的异常。通常不是编程错误导致的，可以通过读取更多的数据并再次尝试来处理该异常。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:178 +msgid "Module :mod:`base64`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`base64`" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Support for RFC compliant base64-style encoding in base 16, 32, 64, and 85." +msgstr "支持在16，32，64，85进制中进行符合 RFC 协议的 base64 样式编码。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:182 +msgid "Module :mod:`quopri`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`quopri`" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:183 +msgid "Support for quoted-printable encoding used in MIME email messages." +msgstr "支持在 MIME 版本电子邮件中使用引号可打印编码。" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:8 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/binascii.rst:8 +msgid "base64" +msgstr "base64" diff --git a/library/binhex.po b/library/binhex.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84186780a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/binhex.po @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`binhex` --- Encode and decode binhex4 files" +msgstr ":mod:`binhex` --- 对binhex4文件进行编码和解码" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/binhex.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/binhex.py`" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This module encodes and decodes files in binhex4 format, a format allowing " +"representation of Macintosh files in ASCII. Only the data fork is handled." +msgstr "此模块以binhe4格式对文件进行编码和解码，该格式允许Macintosh文件以ASCII格式表示。仅处理数据分支。" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:16 +msgid "The :mod:`binhex` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`binhex` 模块定义了以下功能：" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Convert a binary file with filename *input* to binhex file *output*. The " +"*output* parameter can either be a filename or a file-like object (any " +"object supporting a :meth:`write` and :meth:`close` method)." +msgstr "" +"将带有文件名 *输入* 的二进制文件转换为binhex文件 *输出* 。输出参数可以是文件名或类文件对象（ :meth:`write` 和 " +":meth:`close` 方法的任何对象）。" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Decode a binhex file *input*. *input* may be a filename or a file-like " +"object supporting :meth:`read` and :meth:`close` methods. The resulting file" +" is written to a file named *output*, unless the argument is ``None`` in " +"which case the output filename is read from the binhex file." +msgstr "" +"解码binhex文件输入。 *输入* 可以是支持 :meth:`read` 和 :meth:`close` " +"方法的文件名或类文件对象。生成的文件将写入名为 *output* 的文件，除非参数为 ``None`` " +"，在这种情况下，从binhex文件中读取输出文件名。" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:33 +msgid "The following exception is also defined:" +msgstr "还定义了以下异常：" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when something can't be encoded using the binhex format " +"(for example, a filename is too long to fit in the filename field), or when " +"input is not properly encoded binhex data." +msgstr "当无法使用binhex格式编码某些内容时（例如，文件名太长而无法放入文件名字段中），或者输入未正确编码的binhex数据时，会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:45 +msgid "Module :mod:`binascii`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`binascii`" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Support module containing ASCII-to-binary and binary-to-ASCII conversions." +msgstr "支持模块，包含ASCII到二进制和二进制到ASCII转换。" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:52 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:54 +msgid "" +"There is an alternative, more powerful interface to the coder and decoder, " +"see the source for details." +msgstr "还有一个替代的、功能更强大的编码器和解码器接口，详细信息请参见源代码。" + +#: ../../library/binhex.rst:57 +msgid "" +"If you code or decode textfiles on non-Macintosh platforms they will still " +"use the old Macintosh newline convention (carriage-return as end of line)." +msgstr "如果您在非Macintosh平台上编码或解码文本文件，它们仍将使用旧的Macintosh换行符约定（回车符作为行尾）。" diff --git a/library/bisect.po b/library/bisect.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..914294076 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/bisect.po @@ -0,0 +1,438 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Woko , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# iceyasha , 2021 +# Chen Jianzhang, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!bisect` --- Array bisection algorithm" +msgstr ":mod:`!bisect` --- 数组二分算法" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/bisect.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/bisect.py`" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This module provides support for maintaining a list in sorted order without " +"having to sort the list after each insertion. For long lists of items with " +"expensive comparison operations, this can be an improvement over linear " +"searches or frequent resorting." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供对维护一个已排序列表而无须在每次插入后对该列表重排序的支持。 对于具有大量条目需要大量比较运算的长列表，这改进了原来的线性搜索或频繁重排序。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The module is called :mod:`bisect` because it uses a basic bisection " +"algorithm to do its work. Unlike other bisection tools that search for a " +"specific value, the functions in this module are designed to locate an " +"insertion point. Accordingly, the functions never call an " +":meth:`~object.__eq__` method to determine whether a value has been found. " +"Instead, the functions only call the :meth:`~object.__lt__` method and will " +"return an insertion point between values in an array." +msgstr "" +"本模块被命名为 :mod:`bisect` 是因为它使用了基本的二分算法来完成任务。 " +"不同于其他搜索特定值的二分算法工具，本模块的函数被设计为定位一个插入点。 相应地，这些函数绝不会调用 :meth:`~object.__eq__` " +"方法来确定是否找到特定值。 相反，这些函数只会调用 :meth:`~object.__lt__` 方法并将返回一个数组的值之间的插入点。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:29 +msgid "The following functions are provided:" +msgstr "定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Locate the insertion point for *x* in *a* to maintain sorted order. The " +"parameters *lo* and *hi* may be used to specify a subset of the list which " +"should be considered; by default the entire list is used. If *x* is already" +" present in *a*, the insertion point will be before (to the left of) any " +"existing entries. The return value is suitable for use as the first " +"parameter to ``list.insert()`` assuming that *a* is already sorted." +msgstr "" +"在 *a* 中找到 *x* 合适的插入点以维持有序。参数 *lo* 和 *hi* 可以被用于确定需要考虑的子集；默认情况下整个列表都会被使用。如果 " +"*x* 已经在 *a* 里存在，那么插入点会在已存在元素之前（也就是左边）。如果 *a* 是列表（list）的话，返回值是可以被放在 " +"``list.insert()`` 的第一个参数的。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:41 +msgid "" +"The returned insertion point *ip* partitions the array *a* into two slices " +"such that ``all(elem < x for elem in a[lo : ip])`` is true for the left " +"slice and ``all(elem >= x for elem in a[ip : hi])`` is true for the right " +"slice." +msgstr "" +"返回的插入点 *ip* 将数组 *a* 分为两个切片使得对于左侧切片 ``all(elem < x for elem in a[lo : ip])`` " +"为真值而对于右侧切片 ``all(elem >= x for elem in a[ip : hi])`` 为真值。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:46 +msgid "" +"*key* specifies a :term:`key function` of one argument that is used to " +"extract a comparison key from each element in the array. To support " +"searching complex records, the key function is not applied to the *x* value." +msgstr "" +"*key* 指定带有单个参数的 :term:`key function` 用来从数组的每个元素中提取比较键。 为了支持搜索复杂记录，键函数不会被应用到 " +"*x* 值。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:50 +msgid "" +"If *key* is ``None``, the elements are compared directly and no key function" +" is called." +msgstr "如果 *key* 为 ``None``，则将直接比较元素而不调用任何键函数。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:53 ../../library/bisect.rst:67 +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:85 ../../library/bisect.rst:105 +msgid "Added the *key* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *key* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Similar to :py:func:`~bisect.bisect_left`, but returns an insertion point " +"which comes after (to the right of) any existing entries of *x* in *a*." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :py:func:`~bisect.bisect_left`，但是返回的插入点是在 *a* 中任何现有条目 *x* 之后（即其右侧）。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The returned insertion point *ip* partitions the array *a* into two slices " +"such that ``all(elem <= x for elem in a[lo : ip])`` is true for the left " +"slice and ``all(elem > x for elem in a[ip : hi])`` is true for the right " +"slice." +msgstr "" +"返回的插入点 *ip* 将数组 *a* 分为两个切片使得对于左侧切片 ``all(elem <= x for elem in a[lo : ip])``" +" 为真值而对于右侧切片 ``all(elem > x for elem in a[ip : hi])`` 为真值。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:73 +msgid "Insert *x* in *a* in sorted order." +msgstr "按照已排序顺序将 *x* 插入到 *a* 中。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:75 +msgid "" +"This function first runs :py:func:`~bisect.bisect_left` to locate an " +"insertion point. Next, it runs the :meth:`!insert` method on *a* to insert " +"*x* at the appropriate position to maintain sort order." +msgstr "" +"此函数会先运行 :py:func:`~bisect.bisect_left` 来定位一个插入点。 然后，它会在 *a* 上运行 " +":meth:`!insert` 方法在适当的位置插入 *x* 以保持排序顺序。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:79 ../../library/bisect.rst:99 +msgid "" +"To support inserting records in a table, the *key* function (if any) is " +"applied to *x* for the search step but not for the insertion step." +msgstr "为了支持将记录插入到表中，*key* 函数（如果存在）将被应用到 *x* 用于搜索步骤但不会用于插入步骤。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:82 ../../library/bisect.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Keep in mind that the *O*\\ (log *n*) search is dominated by the slow *O*\\ " +"(*n*) insertion step." +msgstr "请记住 *O*\\ (log *n*) 搜索是由缓慢的 *O*\\ (*n*) 插入步骤主导的。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Similar to :py:func:`~bisect.insort_left`, but inserting *x* in *a* after " +"any existing entries of *x*." +msgstr "类似于 :py:func:`~bisect.insort_left`，但是会把 *x* 插入到 *a* 中任何现有条目 *x* 之后。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:95 +msgid "" +"This function first runs :py:func:`~bisect.bisect_right` to locate an " +"insertion point. Next, it runs the :meth:`!insert` method on *a* to insert " +"*x* at the appropriate position to maintain sort order." +msgstr "" +"此函数会先运行 :py:func:`~bisect.bisect_right` 来定位一个插入点。 然后，它会在 *a* 上运行 " +":meth:`!insert` 方法在适当的位置插入 *x* 以保持排序顺序。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:110 +msgid "Performance Notes" +msgstr "性能说明" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:112 +msgid "" +"When writing time sensitive code using *bisect()* and *insort()*, keep these" +" thoughts in mind:" +msgstr "当使用 *bisect()* 和 *insort()* 编写时间敏感的代码时，请记住以下概念。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Bisection is effective for searching ranges of values. For locating specific" +" values, dictionaries are more performant." +msgstr "二分法对于搜索一定范围的值是很高效的。 对于定位特定的值，则字典的性能更好。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The *insort()* functions are *O*\\ (*n*) because the logarithmic search step" +" is dominated by the linear time insertion step." +msgstr "*insort()* 函数的时间复杂度为 *O*\\ (*n*) 因为对数时间的搜索步骤被线性时间的插入步骤所主导。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:121 +msgid "" +"The search functions are stateless and discard key function results after " +"they are used. Consequently, if the search functions are used in a loop, " +"the key function may be called again and again on the same array elements. " +"If the key function isn't fast, consider wrapping it with " +":py:func:`functools.cache` to avoid duplicate computations. Alternatively, " +"consider searching an array of precomputed keys to locate the insertion " +"point (as shown in the examples section below)." +msgstr "" +"这些搜索函数都是无状态的并且会在它们被使用后丢弃键函数的结果。 因此，如果在一个循环中使用搜索函数，则键函数可能会在同一个数据元素上被反复调用。 " +"如果键函数速度不够快，请考虑用 :py:func:`functools.cache` 来包装它以避免重复计算。 " +"另外，也可以考虑搜索一个预先计算好的键数组来定位插入点（如下面的示例小节所演示的）。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:131 +msgid "" +"`Sorted Collections `_ is a " +"high performance module that uses *bisect* to managed sorted collections of " +"data." +msgstr "" +"`Sorted Collections `_ 是一个使用" +" *bisect* 来管理数据的已排序多项集的高性能模块。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:135 +msgid "" +"The `SortedCollection recipe " +"`_ uses " +"bisect to build a full-featured collection class with straight-forward " +"search methods and support for a key-function. The keys are precomputed to " +"save unnecessary calls to the key function during searches." +msgstr "" +"`SortedCollection recipe " +"`_ 使用 bisect " +"构建了一个功能完整的多项集类，拥有直观的搜索方法和对键函数的支持。 所有键函数都 是预先计算好的以避免在搜索期间对键函数的不必要的调用。" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:143 +msgid "Searching Sorted Lists" +msgstr "搜索有序列表" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The above `bisect functions`_ are useful for finding insertion points but " +"can be tricky or awkward to use for common searching tasks. The following " +"five functions show how to transform them into the standard lookups for " +"sorted lists::" +msgstr "" +"上面的 `bisect functions`_ 对于找到插入点是有用的，但在一般的搜索任务中可能会有点尴尬。 " +"下面的五个函数展示了如何将其转换为针对有序列表的标准查找函数::" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:150 +msgid "" +"def index(a, x):\n" +" 'Locate the leftmost value exactly equal to x'\n" +" i = bisect_left(a, x)\n" +" if i != len(a) and a[i] == x:\n" +" return i\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_lt(a, x):\n" +" 'Find rightmost value less than x'\n" +" i = bisect_left(a, x)\n" +" if i:\n" +" return a[i-1]\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_le(a, x):\n" +" 'Find rightmost value less than or equal to x'\n" +" i = bisect_right(a, x)\n" +" if i:\n" +" return a[i-1]\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_gt(a, x):\n" +" 'Find leftmost value greater than x'\n" +" i = bisect_right(a, x)\n" +" if i != len(a):\n" +" return a[i]\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_ge(a, x):\n" +" 'Find leftmost item greater than or equal to x'\n" +" i = bisect_left(a, x)\n" +" if i != len(a):\n" +" return a[i]\n" +" raise ValueError" +msgstr "" +"def index(a, x):\n" +" '定位恰好等于 x 的最靠左的值'\n" +" i = bisect_left(a, x)\n" +" if i != len(a) and a[i] == x:\n" +" return i\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_lt(a, x):\n" +" '找到小于 x 的最靠右的值'\n" +" i = bisect_left(a, x)\n" +" if i:\n" +" return a[i-1]\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_le(a, x):\n" +" '找到小于等于 x 的最靠右的值'\n" +" i = bisect_right(a, x)\n" +" if i:\n" +" return a[i-1]\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_gt(a, x):\n" +" '找到大于 x 的最靠左的值'\n" +" i = bisect_right(a, x)\n" +" if i != len(a):\n" +" return a[i]\n" +" raise ValueError\n" +"\n" +"def find_ge(a, x):\n" +" '找到大于等于 x 的最靠左的项'\n" +" i = bisect_left(a, x)\n" +" if i != len(a):\n" +" return a[i]\n" +" raise ValueError" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:187 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:191 +msgid "" +"The :py:func:`~bisect.bisect` function can be useful for numeric table " +"lookups. This example uses :py:func:`~bisect.bisect` to look up a letter " +"grade for an exam score (say) based on a set of ordered numeric breakpoints:" +" 90 and up is an 'A', 80 to 89 is a 'B', and so on::" +msgstr "" +":py:func:`~bisect.bisect` 函数对于数字表查询也是适用的。 这个例子使用 :py:func:`~bisect.bisect` " +"根据一组有序的数字划分点来查找考试成绩对应的字母等级: (如) 90 及以上为 'A'，80 至 89 为 'B'，依此类推::" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:196 +msgid "" +">>> def grade(score, breakpoints=[60, 70, 80, 90], grades='FDCBA'):\n" +"... i = bisect(breakpoints, score)\n" +"... return grades[i]\n" +"...\n" +">>> [grade(score) for score in [33, 99, 77, 70, 89, 90, 100]]\n" +"['F', 'A', 'C', 'C', 'B', 'A', 'A']" +msgstr "" +">>> def grade(score, breakpoints=[60, 70, 80, 90], grades='FDCBA'):\n" +"... i = bisect(breakpoints, score)\n" +"... return grades[i]\n" +"...\n" +">>> [grade(score) for score in [33, 99, 77, 70, 89, 90, 100]]\n" +"['F', 'A', 'C', 'C', 'B', 'A', 'A']" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The :py:func:`~bisect.bisect` and :py:func:`~bisect.insort` functions also " +"work with lists of tuples. The *key* argument can serve to extract the " +"field used for ordering records in a table::" +msgstr "" +":py:func:`~bisect.bisect` 和 :py:func:`~bisect.insort` 对于列表和元组也是适用的。 *key* " +"参数可以提取用于表中记录排序的字段::" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:207 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import namedtuple\n" +">>> from operator import attrgetter\n" +">>> from bisect import bisect, insort\n" +">>> from pprint import pprint\n" +"\n" +">>> Movie = namedtuple('Movie', ('name', 'released', 'director'))\n" +"\n" +">>> movies = [\n" +"... Movie('Jaws', 1975, 'Spielberg'),\n" +"... Movie('Titanic', 1997, 'Cameron'),\n" +"... Movie('The Birds', 1963, 'Hitchcock'),\n" +"... Movie('Aliens', 1986, 'Cameron')\n" +"... ]\n" +"\n" +">>> # Find the first movie released after 1960\n" +">>> by_year = attrgetter('released')\n" +">>> movies.sort(key=by_year)\n" +">>> movies[bisect(movies, 1960, key=by_year)]\n" +"Movie(name='The Birds', released=1963, director='Hitchcock')\n" +"\n" +">>> # Insert a movie while maintaining sort order\n" +">>> romance = Movie('Love Story', 1970, 'Hiller')\n" +">>> insort(movies, romance, key=by_year)\n" +">>> pprint(movies)\n" +"[Movie(name='The Birds', released=1963, director='Hitchcock'),\n" +" Movie(name='Love Story', released=1970, director='Hiller'),\n" +" Movie(name='Jaws', released=1975, director='Spielberg'),\n" +" Movie(name='Aliens', released=1986, director='Cameron'),\n" +" Movie(name='Titanic', released=1997, director='Cameron')]" +msgstr "" +">>> from collections import namedtuple\n" +">>> from operator import attrgetter\n" +">>> from bisect import bisect, insort\n" +">>> from pprint import pprint\n" +"\n" +">>> Movie = namedtuple('Movie', ('name', 'released', 'director'))\n" +"\n" +">>> movies = [\n" +"... Movie('Jaws', 1975, 'Spielberg'),\n" +"... Movie('Titanic', 1997, 'Cameron'),\n" +"... Movie('The Birds', 1963, 'Hitchcock'),\n" +"... Movie('Aliens', 1986, 'Cameron')\n" +"... ]\n" +"\n" +">>> # Find the first movie released after 1960\n" +">>> by_year = attrgetter('released')\n" +">>> movies.sort(key=by_year)\n" +">>> movies[bisect(movies, 1960, key=by_year)]\n" +"Movie(name='The Birds', released=1963, director='Hitchcock')\n" +"\n" +">>> # Insert a movie while maintaining sort order\n" +">>> romance = Movie('Love Story', 1970, 'Hiller')\n" +">>> insort(movies, romance, key=by_year)\n" +">>> pprint(movies)\n" +"[Movie(name='The Birds', released=1963, director='Hitchcock'),\n" +" Movie(name='Love Story', released=1970, director='Hiller'),\n" +" Movie(name='Jaws', released=1975, director='Spielberg'),\n" +" Movie(name='Aliens', released=1986, director='Cameron'),\n" +" Movie(name='Titanic', released=1997, director='Cameron')]" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:237 +msgid "" +"If the key function is expensive, it is possible to avoid repeated function " +"calls by searching a list of precomputed keys to find the index of a " +"record::" +msgstr "如果键函数较为消耗资源，可以通过搜索一个预先计算的键列表来查找记录的索引以避免重复的函数调用::" + +#: ../../library/bisect.rst:240 +msgid "" +">>> data = [('red', 5), ('blue', 1), ('yellow', 8), ('black', 0)]\n" +">>> data.sort(key=lambda r: r[1]) # Or use operator.itemgetter(1).\n" +">>> keys = [r[1] for r in data] # Precompute a list of keys.\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 0)]\n" +"('black', 0)\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 1)]\n" +"('blue', 1)\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 5)]\n" +"('red', 5)\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 8)]\n" +"('yellow', 8)" +msgstr "" +">>> data = [('red', 5), ('blue', 1), ('yellow', 8), ('black', 0)]\n" +">>> data.sort(key=lambda r: r[1]) # 或者使用 operator.itemgetter(1)。\n" +">>> keys = [r[1] for r in data] # 预计算一个由键组成的列表。\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 0)]\n" +"('black', 0)\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 1)]\n" +"('blue', 1)\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 5)]\n" +"('red', 5)\n" +">>> data[bisect_left(keys, 8)]\n" +"('yellow', 8)" diff --git a/library/builtins.po b/library/builtins.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb92b8f5e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/builtins.po @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 08:36+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!builtins` --- Built-in objects" +msgstr ":mod:`!builtins` --- 内置对象" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This module provides direct access to all 'built-in' identifiers of Python; " +"for example, ``builtins.open`` is the full name for the built-in function " +":func:`open`." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了对 Python 的所有‘内置’标识符的直接访问；例如，``builtins.open`` 是内置函数 function " +":func:`open` 的完整名称。" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:12 +msgid "" +"This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but " +"can be useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-" +"in value, but in which the built-in of that name is also needed. For " +"example, in a module that wants to implement an :func:`open` function that " +"wraps the built-in :func:`open`, this module can be used directly::" +msgstr "" +"大多数应用程序通常不会显式访问此模块，但在提供与内置值同名的对象的模块中可能很有用，但其中还需要内置该名称。例如，在一个想要实现 " +":func:`open` 函数的模块中，它包装了内置的 :func:`open` ，这个模块可以直接使用::" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:18 +msgid "" +"import builtins\n" +"\n" +"def open(path):\n" +" f = builtins.open(path, 'r')\n" +" return UpperCaser(f)\n" +"\n" +"class UpperCaser:\n" +" '''Wrapper around a file that converts output to uppercase.'''\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, f):\n" +" self._f = f\n" +"\n" +" def read(self, count=-1):\n" +" return self._f.read(count).upper()\n" +"\n" +" # ..." +msgstr "" +"import builtins\n" +"\n" +"def open(path):\n" +" f = builtins.open(path, 'r')\n" +" return UpperCaser(f)\n" +"\n" +"class UpperCaser:\n" +" '''文件的包装类，将读取的内容转换为大写输出'''\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, f):\n" +" self._f = f\n" +"\n" +" def read(self, count=-1):\n" +" return self._f.read(count).upper()\n" +"\n" +" # .." + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:35 +msgid "" +"As an implementation detail, most modules have the name ``__builtins__`` " +"made available as part of their globals. The value of ``__builtins__`` is " +"normally either this module or the value of this module's " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute. Since this is an implementation detail, " +"it may not be used by alternate implementations of Python." +msgstr "" +"作为一个实现细节，大多数模块都将名称 ``__builtins__`` 作为其全局变量的一部分提供。 ``__builtins__`` " +"的值通常是这个模块或者这个模块的值 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性。由于这是一个实现细节，因此 Python " +"的替代实现可能不会使用它。" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:43 +msgid ":ref:`built-in-consts`" +msgstr ":ref:`built-in-consts`" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:44 +msgid ":ref:`bltin-exceptions`" +msgstr ":ref:`bltin-exceptions`" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:45 +msgid ":ref:`built-in-funcs`" +msgstr ":ref:`built-in-funcs`" + +#: ../../library/builtins.rst:46 +msgid ":ref:`bltin-types`" +msgstr ":ref:`bltin-types`" diff --git a/library/bz2.po b/library/bz2.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6da9e3c5a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/bz2.po @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dingyuan Wang , 2021 +# sgqy , 2021 +# 1lin24 <1lin24@sina.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!bz2` --- Support for :program:`bzip2` compression" +msgstr ":mod:`!bz2` --- 对 :program:`bzip2` 压缩算法的支持" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/bz2.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/bz2.py`" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module provides a comprehensive interface for compressing and " +"decompressing data using the bzip2 compression algorithm." +msgstr "此模块提供了使用 bzip2 压缩算法压缩和解压数据的一套完整的接口。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:19 +msgid "The :mod:`bz2` module contains:" +msgstr ":mod:`bz2` 模块包含：" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:21 +msgid "" +"The :func:`.open` function and :class:`BZ2File` class for reading and " +"writing compressed files." +msgstr "用于读写压缩文件的 :func:`.open` 函数和 :class:`BZ2File` 类。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The :class:`BZ2Compressor` and :class:`BZ2Decompressor` classes for " +"incremental (de)compression." +msgstr "用于增量压缩和解压的 :class:`BZ2Compressor` 和 :class:`BZ2Decompressor` 类。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The :func:`compress` and :func:`decompress` functions for one-shot " +"(de)compression." +msgstr "用于一次性压缩和解压的 :func:`compress` 和 :func:`decompress` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:30 +msgid "(De)compression of files" +msgstr "文件压缩和解压" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Open a bzip2-compressed file in binary or text mode, returning a :term:`file" +" object`." +msgstr "以二进制或文本模式打开 bzip2 压缩文件，返回一个 :term:`file object`。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:37 +msgid "" +"As with the constructor for :class:`BZ2File`, the *filename* argument can be" +" an actual filename (a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object), or an " +"existing file object to read from or write to." +msgstr "" +"和 :class:`BZ2File` 的构造函数类似，*filename* 参数可以是一个实际的文件名（:class:`str` 或 " +":class:`bytes` 对象），或是已有的可供读取或写入的文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:41 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument can be any of ``'r'``, ``'rb'``, ``'w'``, ``'wb'``, " +"``'x'``, ``'xb'``, ``'a'`` or ``'ab'`` for binary mode, or ``'rt'``, " +"``'wt'``, ``'xt'``, or ``'at'`` for text mode. The default is ``'rb'``." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 参数可设为二进制模式的 " +"``'r'``、``'rb'``、``'w'``、``'wb'``、``'x'``、``'xb'``、``'a'`` 或 " +"``'ab'``，或者文本模式的 ``'rt'``、``'wt'``、``'xt'`` 或 ``'at'``。默认是 ``'rb'``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The *compresslevel* argument is an integer from 1 to 9, as for the " +":class:`BZ2File` constructor." +msgstr "*compresslevel* 参数是 1 到 9 的整数，和 :class:`BZ2File` 的构造函数一样。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:48 +msgid "" +"For binary mode, this function is equivalent to the :class:`BZ2File` " +"constructor: ``BZ2File(filename, mode, compresslevel=compresslevel)``. In " +"this case, the *encoding*, *errors* and *newline* arguments must not be " +"provided." +msgstr "" +"对于二进制模式，这个函数等价于 :class:`BZ2File` 构造器: ``BZ2File(filename, mode, " +"compresslevel=compresslevel)``。 在这种情况下，不可提供 *encoding*, *errors* 和 *newline*" +" 参数。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:53 +msgid "" +"For text mode, a :class:`BZ2File` object is created, and wrapped in an " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` instance with the specified encoding, error " +"handling behavior, and line ending(s)." +msgstr "" +"对于文本模式，将会创建一个 :class:`BZ2File` 对象，并将它包装到一个 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` " +"实例中，此实例带有指定的编码格式、错误处理行为和行结束符。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:59 ../../library/bz2.rst:175 +msgid "The ``'x'`` (exclusive creation) mode was added." +msgstr "添加了 ``'x'`` (单独创建) 模式。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:62 ../../library/bz2.rst:182 +msgid "Accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:68 +msgid "Open a bzip2-compressed file in binary mode." +msgstr "用二进制模式打开 bzip2 压缩文件。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:70 +msgid "" +"If *filename* is a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object, open the named " +"file directly. Otherwise, *filename* should be a :term:`file object`, which " +"will be used to read or write the compressed data." +msgstr "" +"如果 *filename* 是一个 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象，则打开名称对应的文件目录。 " +"否则的话，*filename* 应当是一个 :term:`file object`，它将被用来读取或写入压缩数据。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:74 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument can be either ``'r'`` for reading (default), ``'w'`` for" +" overwriting, ``'x'`` for exclusive creation, or ``'a'`` for appending. " +"These can equivalently be given as ``'rb'``, ``'wb'``, ``'xb'`` and ``'ab'``" +" respectively." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 参数可以是表示读取的 ``'r'`` (默认值)，表示覆写的 ``'w'``，表示单独创建的 ``'x'``，或表示添加的 " +"``'a'``。 这些模式还可分别以 ``'rb'``, ``'wb'``, ``'xb'`` 和 ``'ab'`` 的等价形式给出。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:79 +msgid "" +"If *filename* is a file object (rather than an actual file name), a mode of " +"``'w'`` does not truncate the file, and is instead equivalent to ``'a'``." +msgstr "如果 *filename* 是一个文件对象（而不是实际的文件名），则 ``'w'`` 模式并不会截断文件，而是会等价于 ``'a'``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:82 +msgid "" +"If *mode* is ``'w'`` or ``'a'``, *compresslevel* can be an integer between " +"``1`` and ``9`` specifying the level of compression: ``1`` produces the " +"least compression, and ``9`` (default) produces the most compression." +msgstr "" +"如果 *mode* 为 ``'w'`` 或 ``'a'``，则 *compresslevel* 可以是 ``1`` 到 ``9`` " +"之间的整数，用于指定压缩等级: ``1`` 产生最低压缩率，而 ``9`` (默认值) 产生最高压缩率。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:86 +msgid "" +"If *mode* is ``'r'``, the input file may be the concatenation of multiple " +"compressed streams." +msgstr "如果 *mode* 为 ``'r'``，则输入文件可以为多个压缩流的拼接。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:89 +msgid "" +":class:`BZ2File` provides all of the members specified by the " +":class:`io.BufferedIOBase`, except for :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.detach` and" +" :meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate`. Iteration and the :keyword:`with` statement " +"are supported." +msgstr "" +":class:`BZ2File` 提供了 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 所指定的所有成员，但 " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.detach` 和 :meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` 除外。 并支持迭代和 " +":keyword:`with` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:94 +msgid ":class:`BZ2File` also provides the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`BZ2File` 还提供了以下方法和属性：" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Return buffered data without advancing the file position. At least one byte " +"of data will be returned (unless at EOF). The exact number of bytes returned" +" is unspecified." +msgstr "返回缓冲的数据而不前移文件位置。 至少将返回一个字节的数据（除非为 EOF）。 实际返回的字节数不确定。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:102 +msgid "" +"While calling :meth:`peek` does not change the file position of the " +":class:`BZ2File`, it may change the position of the underlying file object " +"(e.g. if the :class:`BZ2File` was constructed by passing a file object for " +"*filename*)." +msgstr "" +"虽然调用 :meth:`peek` 不会改变 :class:`BZ2File` 的文件位置，但它可能改变下层文件对象的位置（举例来说如果 " +":class:`BZ2File` 是通过传入一个文件对象作为 *filename* 的话）。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:111 +msgid "Return the file descriptor for the underlying file." +msgstr "返回底层文件的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:117 +msgid "Return whether the file was opened for reading." +msgstr "返回文件是否已被打开供读取。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:123 +msgid "Return whether the file supports seeking." +msgstr "返回文件是否支持定位。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:129 +msgid "Return whether the file was opened for writing." +msgstr "返回文件是否已被打开供写入。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Read up to *size* uncompressed bytes, while trying to avoid making multiple " +"reads from the underlying stream. Reads up to a buffer's worth of data if " +"size is negative." +msgstr "读取至多 *size* 个未压缩字节，将会避免多次从下层流读取。 如果 size 为负值则读取至多为缓冲区数据大小。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:139 +msgid "Returns ``b''`` if the file is at EOF." +msgstr "如果文件位置为 EOF 则返回 ``b''``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:145 +msgid "Read bytes into *b*." +msgstr "将字节数据读取到 *b*。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:147 +msgid "Returns the number of bytes read (0 for EOF)." +msgstr "返回读取的字节数（0 表示 EOF）。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:153 +msgid "``'rb'`` for reading and ``'wb'`` for writing." +msgstr "``'rb'`` 表示可读而 ``'wb'`` 表示可写。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:159 +msgid "" +"The bzip2 file name. Equivalent to the :attr:`~io.FileIO.name` attribute of" +" the underlying :term:`file object`." +msgstr "bzip2 文件名。 等价于下层 :term:`file object` 的 :attr:`~io.FileIO.name` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:165 +msgid "Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added." +msgstr "添加了对 :keyword:`with` 语句的支持。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Support was added for *filename* being a :term:`file object` instead of an " +"actual filename." +msgstr "添加了对 *filename* 使用 :term:`file object` 而非实际文件名的支持。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:172 +msgid "" +"The ``'a'`` (append) mode was added, along with support for reading multi-" +"stream files." +msgstr "添加了 ``'a'`` (append) 模式，以及对读取多数据流文件的支持。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:178 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read` method now accepts an argument of " +"``None``." +msgstr ":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read` 方法现在接受 ``None`` 作为参数。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:185 +msgid "" +"The *buffering* parameter has been removed. It was ignored and deprecated " +"since Python 3.0. Pass an open file object to control how the file is " +"opened." +msgstr "*buffering* 形参已被移除。 它自 Python 3.0 起即被忽略并弃用。 请传入一个打开文件对象来控制文件的打开方式。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:190 +msgid "The *compresslevel* parameter became keyword-only." +msgstr "*compresslevel* 形参成为仅限关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:192 +msgid "" +"This class is thread unsafe in the face of multiple simultaneous readers or " +"writers, just like its equivalent classes in :mod:`gzip` and :mod:`lzma` " +"have always been." +msgstr "" +"这个类在面对多个同时读取器和写入器时是线程安全的，就如它在 :mod:`gzip` 和 :mod:`lzma` 中的等价类所具有的特性一样。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:199 +msgid "Incremental (de)compression" +msgstr "增量压缩和解压" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Create a new compressor object. This object may be used to compress data " +"incrementally. For one-shot compression, use the :func:`compress` function " +"instead." +msgstr "创建一个新的压缩器对象。 此对象可被用来执行增量数据压缩。 对于一次性压缩，请改用 :func:`compress` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:207 ../../library/bz2.rst:295 +msgid "" +"*compresslevel*, if given, must be an integer between ``1`` and ``9``. The " +"default is ``9``." +msgstr "如果给定 *compresslevel*，它必须为 ``1`` 至 ``9`` 之间的整数。 默认值为 ``9``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Provide data to the compressor object. Returns a chunk of compressed data if" +" possible, or an empty byte string otherwise." +msgstr "向压缩器对象提供数据。 在可能的情况下返回一段已压缩数据，否则返回空字节串。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:215 +msgid "" +"When you have finished providing data to the compressor, call the " +":meth:`flush` method to finish the compression process." +msgstr "当你已结束向压缩器提供数据时，请调用 :meth:`flush` 方法来完成压缩进程。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:221 +msgid "" +"Finish the compression process. Returns the compressed data left in internal" +" buffers." +msgstr "结束压缩进程，返回内部缓冲中剩余的压缩完成的数据。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:224 +msgid "" +"The compressor object may not be used after this method has been called." +msgstr "调用此方法之后压缩器对象将不可再被使用。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Create a new decompressor object. This object may be used to decompress data" +" incrementally. For one-shot compression, use the :func:`decompress` " +"function instead." +msgstr "创建一个新的解压缩器对象。 此对象可被用来执行增量数据解压缩。 对于一次性解压缩，请改用 :func:`decompress` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:234 +msgid "" +"This class does not transparently handle inputs containing multiple " +"compressed streams, unlike :func:`decompress` and :class:`BZ2File`. If you " +"need to decompress a multi-stream input with :class:`BZ2Decompressor`, you " +"must use a new decompressor for each stream." +msgstr "" +"这个类不会透明地处理包含多个已压缩数据流的输入，这不同于 :func:`decompress` 和 :class:`BZ2File`。 如果你需要通过 " +":class:`BZ2Decompressor` 来解压缩多个数据流输入，你必须为每个数据流都使用新的解压缩器。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:241 +msgid "" +"Decompress *data* (a :term:`bytes-like object`), returning uncompressed data" +" as bytes. Some of *data* may be buffered internally, for use in later calls" +" to :meth:`decompress`. The returned data should be concatenated with the " +"output of any previous calls to :meth:`decompress`." +msgstr "" +"解压缩 *data* (一个 :term:`bytes-like object`)，返回字节串形式的解压缩数据。 某些 *data* " +"可以在内部被缓冲，以便用于后续的 :meth:`decompress` 调用。 返回的数据应当与之前任何 :meth:`decompress` " +"调用的输出进行拼接。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:247 +msgid "" +"If *max_length* is nonnegative, returns at most *max_length* bytes of " +"decompressed data. If this limit is reached and further output can be " +"produced, the :attr:`~.needs_input` attribute will be set to ``False``. In " +"this case, the next call to :meth:`~.decompress` may provide *data* as " +"``b''`` to obtain more of the output." +msgstr "" +"如果 *max_length* 为非负数，将返回至多 *max_length* 个字节的解压缩数据。 如果达到此限制并且可以产生后续输出，则 " +":attr:`~.needs_input` 属性将被设为 ``False``。 在这种情况下，下一次 :meth:`~.decompress` " +"调用提供的 *data* 可以为 ``b''`` 以获取更多的输出。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:254 +msgid "" +"If all of the input data was decompressed and returned (either because this " +"was less than *max_length* bytes, or because *max_length* was negative), the" +" :attr:`~.needs_input` attribute will be set to ``True``." +msgstr "" +"如果所有输入数据都已被解压缩并返回（或是因为它少于 *max_length* 个字节，或是因为 *max_length* 为负数），则 " +":attr:`~.needs_input` 属性将被设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Attempting to decompress data after the end of stream is reached raises an " +":exc:`EOFError`. Any data found after the end of the stream is ignored and " +"saved in the :attr:`~.unused_data` attribute." +msgstr "" +"在到达数据流末尾之后再尝试解压缩数据会引发 :exc:`EOFError`。 在数据流末尾之后获取的任何数据都会被忽略并存储至 " +":attr:`~.unused_data` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:263 +msgid "Added the *max_length* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *max_length* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:268 +msgid "``True`` if the end-of-stream marker has been reached." +msgstr "若达到了数据流的末尾标记则为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:275 +msgid "Data found after the end of the compressed stream." +msgstr "在压缩数据流的末尾之后获取的数据。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:277 +msgid "" +"If this attribute is accessed before the end of the stream has been reached," +" its value will be ``b''``." +msgstr "如果在达到数据流末尾之前访问此属性，其值将为 ``b''``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:282 +msgid "" +"``False`` if the :meth:`.decompress` method can provide more decompressed " +"data before requiring new uncompressed input." +msgstr "如果在要求新的未解压缩输入之前 :meth:`.decompress` 方法可以提供更多的解压缩数据则为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:289 +msgid "One-shot (de)compression" +msgstr "一次性压缩或解压缩" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:293 +msgid "Compress *data*, a :term:`bytes-like object `." +msgstr "压缩 *data*，此参数为一个 :term:`字节类对象 `。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:298 +msgid "For incremental compression, use a :class:`BZ2Compressor` instead." +msgstr "对于增量压缩，请改用 :class:`BZ2Compressor`。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:303 +msgid "Decompress *data*, a :term:`bytes-like object `." +msgstr "解压缩 *data*，此参数为一个 :term:`字节类对象 `。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:305 +msgid "" +"If *data* is the concatenation of multiple compressed streams, decompress " +"all of the streams." +msgstr "如果 *data* 是多个压缩数据流的拼接，则解压缩所有数据流。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:308 +msgid "For incremental decompression, use a :class:`BZ2Decompressor` instead." +msgstr "对于增量解压缩，请改用 :class:`BZ2Decompressor`。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:310 +msgid "Support for multi-stream inputs was added." +msgstr "支持了多数据流的输入。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:316 +msgid "Examples of usage" +msgstr "用法示例" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:318 +msgid "Below are some examples of typical usage of the :mod:`bz2` module." +msgstr "以下是 :mod:`bz2` 模块典型用法的一些示例。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Using :func:`compress` and :func:`decompress` to demonstrate round-trip " +"compression:" +msgstr "使用 :func:`compress` 和 :func:`decompress` 来显示往复式的压缩：" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:338 +msgid "Using :class:`BZ2Compressor` for incremental compression:" +msgstr "使用 :class:`BZ2Compressor` 进行增量压缩：" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:356 +msgid "" +"The example above uses a very \"nonrandom\" stream of data (a stream of " +"``b\"z\"`` chunks). Random data tends to compress poorly, while ordered, " +"repetitive data usually yields a high compression ratio." +msgstr "" +"上面的示例使用了一个相当 \"非随机\" 的数据流（即 ``b\"z\"`` 块的数据流）。 " +"随机数据的压缩率通常很差，而有序、重复的数据通常会产生很高的压缩率。" + +#: ../../library/bz2.rst:360 +msgid "Writing and reading a bzip2-compressed file in binary mode:" +msgstr "用二进制模式写入和读取 bzip2 压缩文件：" diff --git a/library/calendar.po b/library/calendar.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..193334fdd --- /dev/null +++ b/library/calendar.po @@ -0,0 +1,853 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Trim21 , 2021 +# 1lin24 <1lin24@sina.com>, 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-10 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!calendar` --- General calendar-related functions" +msgstr ":mod:`!calendar` --- 通用日历相关函数" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/calendar.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/calendar.py`" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This module allows you to output calendars like the Unix :program:`cal` " +"program, and provides additional useful functions related to the calendar. " +"By default, these calendars have Monday as the first day of the week, and " +"Sunday as the last (the European convention). Use :func:`setfirstweekday` to" +" set the first day of the week to Sunday (6) or to any other weekday. " +"Parameters that specify dates are given as integers. For related " +"functionality, see also the :mod:`datetime` and :mod:`time` modules." +msgstr "" +"这个模块让你可以输出像 Unix :program:`cal` 那样的日历，它还提供了其它与日历相关的实用函数。 " +"默认情况下，这些日历把星期一作为一周的第一天，星期天作为一周的最后一天（这是欧洲惯例）。可以使用 :func:`setfirstweekday` " +"方法设置一周的第一天为星期天 (6) 或者其它任意一天。函数全部接收整数类型的参数用来指定日期。其它相关功能参见 :mod:`datetime` 和 " +":mod:`time` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The functions and classes defined in this module use an idealized calendar, " +"the current Gregorian calendar extended indefinitely in both directions. " +"This matches the definition of the \"proleptic Gregorian\" calendar in " +"Dershowitz and Reingold's book \"Calendrical Calculations\", where it's the " +"base calendar for all computations. Zero and negative years are interpreted" +" as prescribed by the ISO 8601 standard. Year 0 is 1 BC, year -1 is 2 BC, " +"and so on." +msgstr "" +"在这个模块中定义的函数和类都基于一个理想化的日历——向过去和未来两个方向无限扩展的现行公历。这与 Dershowitz 和 Reingold " +"的书“历法计算”中所有计算的基本日历 \"proleptic Gregorian\" 历的定义相符。0 和负数年份按照 ISO 8601 标准解释：0 " +"年指公元前 1 年，-1 年指公元前 2 年，依此类推。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:33 +msgid "" +"Creates a :class:`Calendar` object. *firstweekday* is an integer specifying " +"the first day of the week. :const:`MONDAY` is ``0`` (the default), " +":const:`SUNDAY` is ``6``." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :class:`Calendar` 对象。*firstweekday* 是一个用来指定每星期第一天的整数。:const:`MONDAY` 是 " +"``0`` （默认值），:const:`SUNDAY` 是 ``6``。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:36 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Calendar` object provides several methods that can be used for " +"preparing the calendar data for formatting. This class doesn't do any " +"formatting itself. This is the job of subclasses." +msgstr "" +":class:`Calendar` 对象提供了一些可用于对日历数据进行格式化的准备的方法。这个类本身不执行任何格式化操作。 这部分任务应由子类来完成。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:41 +msgid ":class:`Calendar` instances have the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`Calendar` 实例具有以下方法和属性：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:45 +msgid "The first weekday as an integer (0--6)." +msgstr "以整数 (0--6) 表示的每星期第一天。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This property can also be set and read using " +":meth:`~Calendar.setfirstweekday` and :meth:`~Calendar.getfirstweekday` " +"respectively." +msgstr "" +"该特征属性也可分别使用 :meth:`~Calendar.setfirstweekday` 和 " +":meth:`~Calendar.getfirstweekday` 来设置和读取。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:53 +msgid "Return an :class:`int` for the current first weekday (0--6)." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`int` 表示当前的每周第一天 (0--6)。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:55 +msgid "Identical to reading the :attr:`~Calendar.firstweekday` property." +msgstr "相当于读取 :attr:`~Calendar.firstweekday` 特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Set the first weekday to *firstweekday*, passed as an :class:`int` (0--6)" +msgstr "将每周第一天设为 *firstweekday*，以 :class:`int` 形式传入 (0--6)" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:61 +msgid "Identical to setting the :attr:`~Calendar.firstweekday` property." +msgstr "相当于设置 :attr:`~Calendar.firstweekday` 特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator for the week day numbers that will be used for one week." +" The first value from the iterator will be the same as the value of the " +":attr:`~Calendar.firstweekday` property." +msgstr "" +"返回用于表示一星期中日期序号的迭代器。 迭代器的第一个值将与 :attr:`~Calendar.firstweekday` 特性属性的值相同。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator for the month *month* (1--12) in the year *year*. This " +"iterator will return all days (as :class:`datetime.date` objects) for the " +"month and all days before the start of the month or after the end of the " +"month that are required to get a complete week." +msgstr "" +"为 *year* 年 *month* 月 (1-12) 返回一个迭代器。这个迭代器返回当月的所有日期（使用 :class:`datetime.date`" +" 对象），日期包含了本月头尾用于组成完整一周的日期。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to " +":meth:`itermonthdates`, but not restricted by the :class:`datetime.date` " +"range. Days returned will simply be day of the month numbers. For the days " +"outside of the specified month, the day number is ``0``." +msgstr "" +"为 *year* 年 *month* 月返回一个与 :meth:`itermonthdates` 类似的迭代器，但不会受 " +":class:`datetime.date` 范围的限制。返回的为每一天的日期相对于当月 1 日过去的天数。对于不在当月的日期，返回数字 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to " +":meth:`itermonthdates`, but not restricted by the :class:`datetime.date` " +"range. Days returned will be tuples consisting of a day of the month number " +"and a week day number." +msgstr "" +"为 *year* 年 *month* 月返回一个与 :meth:`itermonthdates` 类似的迭代器，但不会受 " +":class:`datetime.date` 范围的限制。迭代器中的每一个元素为由日数和代表星期几的数字组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to " +":meth:`itermonthdates`, but not restricted by the :class:`datetime.date` " +"range. Days returned will be tuples consisting of a year, a month and a day " +"of the month numbers." +msgstr "" +"为 *year* 年 *month* 月返回一个与 :meth:`itermonthdates` 类似的迭代器，但不会受 " +":class:`datetime.date` 范围的限制。迭代器的元素为一个由年、月、日组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to " +":meth:`itermonthdates`, but not restricted by the :class:`datetime.date` " +"range. Days returned will be tuples consisting of a year, a month, a day of " +"the month, and a day of the week numbers." +msgstr "" +"为 *year* 年 *month* 月返回一个与 :meth:`itermonthdates` 类似的迭代器，但不会受 " +":class:`datetime.date` 范围的限制。迭代器的元素为一个由年、月、日和代表星期几的数字组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full weeks." +" Weeks are lists of seven :class:`datetime.date` objects." +msgstr "" +"返回 *year* 年 *month* 月的周组成的列表。列表中的每一个周是由七个 :class:`datetime.date` 对象组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full weeks." +" Weeks are lists of seven tuples of day numbers and weekday numbers." +msgstr "返回 *year* 年 *month* 月的周组成的列表。列表中的每一个周是七个由日数和代表星期几的数字组成的元组的列表。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full weeks." +" Weeks are lists of seven day numbers." +msgstr "返回 *year* 年 *month* 月的周组成的列表。列表中的每一个周是由七个日数组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting. The return " +"value is a list of month rows. Each month row contains up to *width* months " +"(defaulting to 3). Each month contains between 4 and 6 weeks and each week " +"contains 1--7 days. Days are :class:`datetime.date` objects." +msgstr "" +"返回可以用来格式化的指定年月的数据。返回的值是一个列表，列表是月份组成的行。每一行包含了最多 *width* " +"个月(默认为3)。每个月包含了4到6周，每周包含1--7天。每一天使用 :class:`datetime.date` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting (similar to " +":meth:`yeardatescalendar`). Entries in the week lists are tuples of day " +"numbers and weekday numbers. Day numbers outside this month are zero." +msgstr "" +"返回可以用来模式化的指定年月的数据(与 :meth:`yeardatescalendar` " +"类似)。周列表的元素是由表示日期的数字和表示星期几的数字组成的元组。不在这个月的日子为0。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting (similar to " +":meth:`yeardatescalendar`). Entries in the week lists are day numbers. Day " +"numbers outside this month are zero." +msgstr "" +"返回可以用来模式化的指定年月的数据(与 :meth:`yeardatescalendar` 类似)。周列表的元素是表示日期的数字。不在这个月的日子为0。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:157 +msgid "This class can be used to generate plain text calendars." +msgstr "可以使用这个类生成纯文本日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:159 +msgid ":class:`TextCalendar` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`TextCalendar` 实例有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:164 +msgid "" +"Return a string representing a single day formatted with the given *width*. " +"If *theday* is ``0``, return a string of spaces of the specified width, " +"representing an empty day. The *weekday* parameter is unused." +msgstr "" +"返回一个代表格式化为指定 *width* 的单独日期的字符串表示形式。 如果 *theday* 为 " +"``0``，则返回指定宽度的空格字符串，代表一个空日期。 *weekday* 形参未被使用。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Return a single week in a string with no newline. If *w* is provided, it " +"specifies the width of the date columns, which are centered. Depends on the " +"first weekday as specified in the constructor or set by the " +":meth:`setfirstweekday` method." +msgstr "" +"返回以不带换行符的字符串表示的单个星期。 如果提供了 *w*，它将指定日期列的宽度，日期列将居中对齐。 具体内容还依赖于构造器或 " +":meth:`setfirstweekday` 方法指定每周的星期几为第一天。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Return a string representing the name of a single weekday formatted to the " +"specified *width*. The *weekday* parameter is an integer representing the " +"day of the week, where ``0`` is Monday and ``6`` is Sunday." +msgstr "" +"返回一个代表单个周日期名称的格式化为 *width* 所指定宽度的字符串。 *weekday* 形参是表示某个周日期的整数，其中 ``0`` 为星期一而" +" ``6`` 为星期日。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Return a string containing the header row of weekday names, formatted with " +"the given *width* for each column. The names depend on the locale settings " +"and are padded to the specified width." +msgstr "" +"返回一个包含周日期名称标题行的字符串，其中每一列格式化为 *width* 所给定的宽度。 这些名称依赖于语言区域设置并将被填充至指定的宽度。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Return a month's calendar in a multi-line string. If *w* is provided, it " +"specifies the width of the date columns, which are centered. If *l* is " +"given, it specifies the number of lines that each week will use. Depends on " +"the first weekday as specified in the constructor or set by the " +":meth:`setfirstweekday` method." +msgstr "" +"返回指定月的用多行字符串表示的月历。*w* 为日期列的宽度，日期列居中打印。*l* 指定了周与周之间的行距。返回的日历还依赖于构造器或者 " +":meth:`setfirstweekday` 方法指定的每周的第一天是哪一天。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Return a string representing the month's name centered within the specified " +"*width*. If *withyear* is ``True``, include the year in the output. The " +"*theyear* and *themonth* parameters specify the year and month for the name " +"to be formatted respectively." +msgstr "" +"返回一个代表月份名称的在以 *width* 指定的宽度内居中的字符串。 如果 *withyear* 为 ``True``，则会在输出中包括年份。 " +"*theyear* 和 *themonth* 形参指定年份和月份以便其名称可以相应地被格式化。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:205 +msgid "Print a month's calendar as returned by :meth:`formatmonth`." +msgstr "调用 :meth:`formatmonth` 方法并打印返回的月历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Return a *m*-column calendar for an entire year as a multi-line string. " +"Optional parameters *w*, *l*, and *c* are for date column width, lines per " +"week, and number of spaces between month columns, respectively. Depends on " +"the first weekday as specified in the constructor or set by the " +":meth:`setfirstweekday` method. The earliest year for which a calendar can " +"be generated is platform-dependent." +msgstr "" +"返回指定年的用多行字符串表示的 *m* 列年历。可选参数 *w*、*l* 和 *c* " +"分别表示日期列宽，周的行距，和月与月之间的纵向间隔。同样依赖于构造器或者 :meth:`setfirstweekday` " +"方法指定的每周的第一天是哪一天。可以生成年历的最早的年是哪一年依赖于使用的平台。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Print the calendar for an entire year as returned by :meth:`formatyear`." +msgstr "调用 :meth:`formatyear` 方法并打印返回的年历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:225 +msgid "This class can be used to generate HTML calendars." +msgstr "可以使用这个类生成 HTML 日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:228 +msgid ":class:`!HTMLCalendar` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`!HTMLCalendar` 实例有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Return a month's calendar as an HTML table. If *withyear* is true the year " +"will be included in the header, otherwise just the month name will be used." +msgstr "返回一个 HTML 表格作为指定年月的日历。 *withyear* 为真，则年份将会包含在表头，否则只显示月份。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Return a year's calendar as an HTML table. *width* (defaulting to 3) " +"specifies the number of months per row." +msgstr "返回一个 HTML 表格作为指定年份的日历。 *width* (默认为3) 用于规定每一行显示月份的数量。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Return a year's calendar as a complete HTML page. *width* (defaulting to 3) " +"specifies the number of months per row. *css* is the name for the cascading " +"style sheet to be used. :const:`None` can be passed if no style sheet should" +" be used. *encoding* specifies the encoding to be used for the output " +"(defaulting to the system default encoding)." +msgstr "" +"返回一个完整的 HTML 页面作为指定年份的日历。 *width*(默认为3) 用于规定每一行显示的月份数量。 *css* " +"为层叠样式表的名字。如果不使用任何层叠样式表，可以使用 :const:`None` 。 *encoding* 为输出页面的编码 " +"(默认为系统的默认编码)。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Return a month name as an HTML table row. If *withyear* is true the year " +"will be included in the row, otherwise just the month name will be used." +msgstr "将一个月份名称以 HTML 表格行的形式返回。 如果 *withyear* 为真值则年份将被包括在行中，否则将只使用月份名称。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:259 +msgid "" +":class:`!HTMLCalendar` has the following attributes you can override to " +"customize the CSS classes used by the calendar:" +msgstr ":class:`!HTMLCalendar` 有以下属性，你可以重写它们来自定义应用日历的样式。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:264 +msgid "" +"A list of CSS classes used for each weekday. The default class list is::" +msgstr "一个对应星期一到星期天的 CSS class 列表。默认列表为 ::" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:266 +msgid "cssclasses = [\"mon\", \"tue\", \"wed\", \"thu\", \"fri\", \"sat\", \"sun\"]" +msgstr "cssclasses = [\"mon\", \"tue\", \"wed\", \"thu\", \"fri\", \"sat\", \"sun\"]" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:268 +msgid "more styles can be added for each day::" +msgstr "可以向每天加入其它样式 ::" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:270 +msgid "cssclasses = [\"mon text-bold\", \"tue\", \"wed\", \"thu\", \"fri\", \"sat\", \"sun red\"]" +msgstr "cssclasses = [\"mon text-bold\", \"tue\", \"wed\", \"thu\", \"fri\", \"sat\", \"sun red\"]" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:272 +msgid "Note that the length of this list must be seven items." +msgstr "需要注意的是，列表的长度必须为7。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:277 +msgid "The CSS class for a weekday occurring in the previous or coming month." +msgstr "工作日的 CSS 类在上个月或下个月发生。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:284 +msgid "" +"A list of CSS classes used for weekday names in the header row. The default " +"is the same as :attr:`cssclasses`." +msgstr "用于标题行中的工作日名称的 CSS 类 列表。默认值与 :attr:`cssclasses` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:292 +msgid "" +"The month's head CSS class (used by :meth:`formatmonthname`). The default " +"value is ``\"month\"``." +msgstr "月份的头 CSS 类（由 :meth:`formatmonthname` 使用）。默认值为 ``\"month\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:300 +msgid "" +"The CSS class for the whole month's table (used by :meth:`formatmonth`). The" +" default value is ``\"month\"``." +msgstr "某个月的月历的 CSS 类（由 :meth:`formatmonth` 使用）。默认值为 ``\"month\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:308 +msgid "" +"The CSS class for the whole year's table of tables (used by " +":meth:`formatyear`). The default value is ``\"year\"``." +msgstr "某年的年历的 CSS 类（由 :meth:`formatyear` 使用）。默认值为 ``\"year\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:316 +msgid "" +"The CSS class for the table head for the whole year (used by " +":meth:`formatyear`). The default value is ``\"year\"``." +msgstr "年历的·表头 CSS 类（由 :meth:`formatyear` 使用）。默认值为 ``\"year\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:322 +msgid "" +"Note that although the naming for the above described class attributes is " +"singular (e.g. ``cssclass_month`` ``cssclass_noday``), one can replace the " +"single CSS class with a space separated list of CSS classes, for example::" +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是，尽管上面命名的样式类都是单独出现的(如： ``cssclass_month`` ``cssclass_noday``), " +"但我们可以使用空格将样式类列表中的多个元素分隔开，例如：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:326 +msgid "\"text-bold text-red\"" +msgstr "\"text-bold text-red\"" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:328 +msgid "Here is an example how :class:`!HTMLCalendar` can be customized::" +msgstr "下面是一个如何自定义 :class:`!HTMLCalendar` 的示例 ::" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:330 +msgid "" +"class CustomHTMLCal(calendar.HTMLCalendar):\n" +" cssclasses = [style + \" text-nowrap\" for style in\n" +" calendar.HTMLCalendar.cssclasses]\n" +" cssclass_month_head = \"text-center month-head\"\n" +" cssclass_month = \"text-center month\"\n" +" cssclass_year = \"text-italic lead\"" +msgstr "" +"class CustomHTMLCal(calendar.HTMLCalendar):\n" +" cssclasses = [style + \" text-nowrap\" for style in\n" +" calendar.HTMLCalendar.cssclasses]\n" +" cssclass_month_head = \"text-center month-head\"\n" +" cssclass_month = \"text-center month\"\n" +" cssclass_year = \"text-italic lead\"" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:340 +msgid "" +"This subclass of :class:`TextCalendar` can be passed a locale name in the " +"constructor and will return month and weekday names in the specified locale." +msgstr "可以向这个 :class:`TextCalendar` 的子类的构造器传入一个语言区域名称并将返回指定语言区域下的月份和星期名称。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:346 +msgid "" +"This subclass of :class:`HTMLCalendar` can be passed a locale name in the " +"constructor and will return month and weekday names in the specified locale." +msgstr "可以向这个 :class:`HTMLCalendar` 的子类的构造器传入一个语言区域名称并将返回指定语言区域下的月份和星期名称。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:352 +msgid "" +"The constructor, :meth:`!formatweekday` and :meth:`!formatmonthname` methods" +" of these two classes temporarily change the ``LC_TIME`` locale to the given" +" *locale*. Because the current locale is a process-wide setting, they are " +"not thread-safe." +msgstr "" +"这两个类的构造器、:meth:`!formatweekday` 和 :meth:`!formatmonthname` 方法会临时将 " +"``LC_TIME`` 语言区域更改为给定的 *locale*。 因为当前语言区域是进程级的设置，所以它们不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:358 +msgid "" +"For simple text calendars this module provides the following functions." +msgstr "这个模块为简单的文本日历提供了下列函数。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:362 +msgid "" +"Sets the weekday (``0`` is Monday, ``6`` is Sunday) to start each week. The " +"values :const:`MONDAY`, :const:`TUESDAY`, :const:`WEDNESDAY`, " +":const:`THURSDAY`, :const:`FRIDAY`, :const:`SATURDAY`, and :const:`SUNDAY` " +"are provided for convenience. For example, to set the first weekday to " +"Sunday::" +msgstr "" +"设置每一周的开始（``0`` 表示星期一，``6`` 表示星期天）。提供了 " +":const:`MONDAY`、:const:`TUESDAY`、:const:`WEDNESDAY`、:const:`THURSDAY`、:const:`FRIDAY`、:const:`SATURDAY`" +" 和 :const:`SUNDAY` 几个常量值作为方便。例如，设置每周的第一天为星期天：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:367 +msgid "" +"import calendar\n" +"calendar.setfirstweekday(calendar.SUNDAY)" +msgstr "" +"import calendar\n" +"calendar.setfirstweekday(calendar.SUNDAY)" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:373 +msgid "Returns the current setting for the weekday to start each week." +msgstr "返回当前设置的每星期的第一天的数值。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Returns :const:`True` if *year* is a leap year, otherwise :const:`False`." +msgstr "如果 *year* 是闰年则返回 :const:`True` ,否则返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Returns the number of leap years in the range from *y1* to *y2* (exclusive)," +" where *y1* and *y2* are years." +msgstr "返回在范围 *y1* 至 *y2* （不包括 y2）之间的闰年的年数，其中 *y1* 和 *y2* 是年份。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:386 +msgid "This function works for ranges spanning a century change." +msgstr "此函数对于跨越世纪初的范围也适用。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Returns the day of the week (``0`` is Monday) for *year* (``1970``--...), " +"*month* (``1``--``12``), *day* (``1``--``31``)." +msgstr "" +"返回某年（ ``1970`` -- ...），某月（ ``1`` -- ``12`` ），某日（ ``1`` -- ``31`` ）是星期几（ " +"``0`` 是星期一）。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:397 +msgid "" +"Return a header containing abbreviated weekday names. *n* specifies the " +"width in characters for one weekday." +msgstr "返回一个包含星期几的缩写名的头。 *n* 指定星期几缩写的字符宽度。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:403 +msgid "" +"Returns weekday of first day of the month and number of days in month, for " +"the specified *year* and *month*." +msgstr "返回指定 *年份* 的指定 *月份* 的第一天是星期几和这个月的天数。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Returns a matrix representing a month's calendar. Each row represents a " +"week; days outside of the month are represented by zeros. Each week begins " +"with Monday unless set by :func:`setfirstweekday`." +msgstr "" +"返回表示一个月的日历的矩阵。 每一行代表一周；此月份外的日子由零表示。 每周从周一开始，除非使用 :func:`setfirstweekday` " +"改变设置。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:416 +msgid "Prints a month's calendar as returned by :func:`month`." +msgstr "打印由 :func:`month` 返回的一个月的日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:421 +msgid "" +"Returns a month's calendar in a multi-line string using the " +":meth:`~TextCalendar.formatmonth` of the :class:`TextCalendar` class." +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`TextCalendar` 类的 :meth:`~TextCalendar.formatmonth` " +"返回多行字符串形式的月份日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:427 +msgid "" +"Prints the calendar for an entire year as returned by :func:`calendar`." +msgstr "打印由 :func:`calendar` 返回的整年的日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Returns a 3-column calendar for an entire year as a multi-line string using " +"the :meth:`~TextCalendar.formatyear` of the :class:`TextCalendar` class." +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`TextCalendar` 类的 :meth:`~TextCalendar.formatyear` 返回一个整年的 3 列日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:438 +msgid "" +"An unrelated but handy function that takes a time tuple such as returned by " +"the :func:`~time.gmtime` function in the :mod:`time` module, and returns the" +" corresponding Unix timestamp value, assuming an epoch of 1970, and the " +"POSIX encoding. In fact, :func:`time.gmtime` and :func:`timegm` are each " +"others' inverse." +msgstr "" +"一个不相关但很好用的函数，它接受一个时间元组例如 :mod:`time` 模块中的 :func:`~time.gmtime` 函数的返回并返回相应的 " +"Unix 时间戳值，假定 1970 年开始计数， POSIX 编码。实际上， :func:`time.gmtime` 和 :func:`timegm` " +"是彼此相反的。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:445 +msgid "The :mod:`calendar` module exports the following data attributes:" +msgstr ":mod:`calendar` 模块导出以下数据属性：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:449 +msgid "" +"A sequence that represents the days of the week in the current locale, where" +" Monday is day number 0." +msgstr "在当前语言区域下表示周内日期的序列，其中“星期一”为 0 号日。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:459 +msgid "" +"A sequence that represents the abbreviated days of the week in the current " +"locale, where Mon is day number 0." +msgstr "在当前语言区域下简写表示周内日期的序列，其中“一” 为 0 号日。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:474 +msgid "" +"Aliases for the days of the week, where ``MONDAY`` is ``0`` and ``SUNDAY`` " +"is ``6``." +msgstr "星期内每日序号的别名，其中 ``MONDAY`` 是 ``0`` 而 ``SUNDAY`` 是 ``6``。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Enumeration defining days of the week as integer constants. The members of " +"this enumeration are exported to the module scope as :data:`MONDAY` through " +":data:`SUNDAY`." +msgstr "" +"将星期内的每一天定义为整数常量的枚举。 该枚举的成员以 :data:`MONDAY` 至 :data:`SUNDAY` 的形式导出到模块作用域。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:491 +msgid "" +"A sequence that represents the months of the year in the current locale. " +"This follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so it has a " +"length of 13 and ``month_name[0]`` is the empty string." +msgstr "" +"在当前语言区域中表示一年中每个月份的序列。 这遵循一月的月序号为 1 的通常惯例，所以其长度为 13 且 ``month_name[0]`` " +"为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:502 +msgid "" +"A sequence that represents the abbreviated months of the year in the current" +" locale. This follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so" +" it has a length of 13 and ``month_abbr[0]`` is the empty string." +msgstr "" +"在当前语言区域下简写表示一年中月份的序列。 这遵循一月的月份序号为 1 的通常惯例，所以其长度为 13 且 ``month_abbr[0]`` " +"为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:523 +msgid "" +"Aliases for the months of the year, where ``JANUARY`` is ``1`` and " +"``DECEMBER`` is ``12``." +msgstr "一年中各个月份的别名，其中 ``JANUARY`` 是 ``1`` 而 ``DECEMBER`` 是 ``12``。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Enumeration defining months of the year as integer constants. The members of" +" this enumeration are exported to the module scope as :data:`JANUARY` " +"through :data:`DECEMBER`." +msgstr "" +"将一年中各个月份定义为整数常量的枚举。 该枚举的成员以 :data:`JANUARY` 至 :data:`DECEMBER` 的形式导出到模块作用域。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:538 +msgid "The :mod:`calendar` module defines the following exceptions:" +msgstr ":mod:`calendar` 模块定义了以下异常:" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:542 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ValueError`, raised when the given month number is " +"outside of the range 1-12 (inclusive)." +msgstr ":exc:`ValueError` 的子类，当给定的月份数字超出 1-12 范围（不包括边界值）时引发。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:547 +msgid "The invalid month number." +msgstr "无效的月份数字。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:552 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ValueError`, raised when the given weekday number is " +"outside of the range 0-6 (inclusive)." +msgstr ":exc:`ValueError` 的子类，当给定的星期数字超出 0-6 范围（不包括边界值）时引发。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:557 +msgid "The invalid weekday number." +msgstr "无效的星期数字。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:562 +msgid "Module :mod:`datetime`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`datetime`" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Object-oriented interface to dates and times with similar functionality to " +"the :mod:`time` module." +msgstr "为日期和时间提供与 :mod:`time` 模块相似功能的面向对象接口。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:566 +msgid "Module :mod:`time`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`time`" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:567 +msgid "Low-level time related functions." +msgstr "底层时间相关函数。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:573 +msgid "Command-Line Usage" +msgstr "命令行用法" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:577 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`calendar` module can be executed as a script from the command line" +" to interactively print a calendar." +msgstr ":mod:`calendar` 模块可以作为脚本从命令行执行以实现交互式地打印日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:580 +msgid "" +"python -m calendar [-h] [-L LOCALE] [-e ENCODING] [-t {text,html}]\n" +" [-w WIDTH] [-l LINES] [-s SPACING] [-m MONTHS] [-c CSS]\n" +" [-f FIRST_WEEKDAY] [year] [month]" +msgstr "" +"python -m calendar [-h] [-L LOCALE] [-e ENCODING] [-t {text,html}]\n" +" [-w WIDTH] [-l LINES] [-s SPACING] [-m MONTHS] [-c CSS]\n" +" [-f FIRST_WEEKDAY] [year] [month]" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:587 +msgid "For example, to print a calendar for the year 2000:" +msgstr "例如，打印 2000 年的日历：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:589 +msgid "" +"$ python -m calendar 2000\n" +" 2000\n" +"\n" +" January February March\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5\n" +" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12\n" +"10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19\n" +"17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 24 25 26\n" +"24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 27 28 29 30 31\n" +"31\n" +"\n" +" April May June\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4\n" +" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11\n" +"10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18\n" +"17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n" +"24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30\n" +"\n" +" July August September\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3\n" +" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n" +"10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17\n" +"17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24\n" +"24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30\n" +"31\n" +"\n" +" October November December\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3\n" +" 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n" +" 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17\n" +"16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24\n" +"23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31\n" +"30 31" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m calendar 2000\n" +" 2000\n" +"\n" +" January February March\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5\n" +" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12\n" +"10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19\n" +"17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 24 25 26\n" +"24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 27 28 29 30 31\n" +"31\n" +"\n" +" April May June\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4\n" +" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11\n" +"10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18\n" +"17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25\n" +"24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30\n" +"\n" +" July August September\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3\n" +" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n" +"10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17\n" +"17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24\n" +"24 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30\n" +"31\n" +"\n" +" October November December\n" +"Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su\n" +" 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3\n" +" 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n" +" 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 17\n" +"16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 24\n" +"23 24 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31\n" +"30 31" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:630 +msgid "The following options are accepted:" +msgstr "可以接受以下选项：" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:637 +msgid "Show the help message and exit." +msgstr "显示帮助信息并退出。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:642 +msgid "The locale to use for month and weekday names. Defaults to English." +msgstr "月份和星期名称所使用的语言区域。 默认为英语。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:648 +msgid "" +"The encoding to use for output. :option:`--encoding` is required if " +":option:`--locale` is set." +msgstr "输出所使用的编码格式。 如果设置了 :option:`--locale` 则 :option:`--encoding` 将是必须的。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:654 +msgid "Print the calendar to the terminal as text, or as an HTML document." +msgstr "将日历以文本或 HTML 文档的形式打印到终端。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:660 +msgid "" +"The weekday to start each week. Must be a number between 0 (Monday) and 6 " +"(Sunday). Defaults to 0." +msgstr "每个星期的开始星期序号。 必须为 0 (星期一) 到 6 (星期日) 之间的数字。 默认为 0。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:668 +msgid "The year to print the calendar for. Defaults to the current year." +msgstr "要打印日历的年份。 默认为当前年份。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:674 +msgid "" +"The month of the specified :option:`year` to print the calendar for. Must be" +" a number between 1 and 12, and may only be used in text mode. Defaults to " +"printing a calendar for the full year." +msgstr "指定 :option:`year` 中要打印日历的月份。 必须是 1 到 12 之间的数字，且只能在文本模式下使用。 默认打印全年的日历。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:680 +msgid "*Text-mode options:*" +msgstr "*文本模式选项:*" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:684 +msgid "" +"The width of the date column in terminal columns. The date is printed " +"centred in the column. Any value lower than 2 is ignored. Defaults to 2." +msgstr "以终端的列数表示的日期列宽度。 日期将打印在列中央。 小于 2 的值将被忽略。 默认为 2。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:692 +msgid "" +"The number of lines for each week in terminal rows. The date is printed top-" +"aligned. Any value lower than 1 is ignored. Defaults to 1." +msgstr "以终端的行数表示的每周的行数。 日期将顶端对齐打印。小于 1 的值将被忽略。 默认为 1。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:700 +msgid "" +"The space between months in columns. Any value lower than 2 is ignored. " +"Defaults to 6." +msgstr "列中的月份之间的空格。 小于 2 的值将被忽略。 默认为 6。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:707 +msgid "The number of months printed per row. Defaults to 3." +msgstr "每行打印的月份数。 默认为 3。" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:711 +msgid "*HTML-mode options:*" +msgstr "*HTML 模式选项:*" + +#: ../../library/calendar.rst:715 +msgid "" +"The path of a CSS stylesheet to use for the calendar. This must either be " +"relative to the generated HTML, or an absolute HTTP or ``file:///`` URL." +msgstr "日历要使用的 CSS 样式表的路径。 该路径必须是相对于所生成的 HTML，或是一个绝对 HTTP 或 ``file:///`` URL。" diff --git a/library/cgi.po b/library/cgi.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb1fc5853 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/cgi.po @@ -0,0 +1,872 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Bryan不可思议, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`cgi` --- Common Gateway Interface support" +msgstr ":mod:`cgi` --- 通用网关接口支持" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/cgi.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/cgi.py`" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cgi` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#cgi>` for " +"details and alternatives)." +msgstr ":mod:`cgi` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#cgi>` 了解详情及其替代品）。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The :class:`FieldStorage` class can typically be replaced with " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` for ``GET`` and ``HEAD`` requests, and the " +":mod:`email.message` module or :pypi:`multipart` for ``POST`` and ``PUT``. " +"Most :ref:`utility functions ` have replacements." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``GET`` 和 ``HEAD`` 请求 :class:`FieldStorage` 类通常可使用 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` 来替换，而对于 ``POST`` 和 ``PUT`` 可使用 " +":mod:`email.message` 模块或 :pypi:`multipart`。 大部分 :ref:`工具函数 ` 都有相应的替代品。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:30 +msgid "Support module for Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts." +msgstr "通用网关接口 (CGI) 脚本的支持模块" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:32 +msgid "" +"This module defines a number of utilities for use by CGI scripts written in " +"Python." +msgstr "本模块定义了一些工具供以 Python 编写的 CGI 脚本使用。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:35 +msgid "" +"The global variable ``maxlen`` can be set to an integer indicating the " +"maximum size of a POST request. POST requests larger than this size will " +"result in a :exc:`ValueError` being raised during parsing. The default value" +" of this variable is ``0``, meaning the request size is unlimited." +msgstr "" +"全局变量 ``maxlen`` 可以设为一个整数来指定 POST 请求的最大长度。 大于此数值的 POST 请求将导致在解析期间引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 此变量的默认值为 ``0``，表示不限制请求的长度。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid ":ref:`Availability `: not Emscripten, not WASI." +msgstr ":ref:`可用性 `: 非 Emscripten，非 WASI。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms " +"``wasm32-emscripten`` and ``wasm32-wasi``. See :ref:`wasm-availability` for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 WebAssembly 平台 ``wasm32-emscripten`` 和 ``wasm32-wasi`` 上不适用或不可用。 请参阅 " +":ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:43 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:47 +msgid "" +"A CGI script is invoked by an HTTP server, usually to process user input " +"submitted through an HTML ``
`` or ```` element." +msgstr "" +"CGI 脚本是由 HTTP 服务器发起调用，通常用来处理通过 HTML ```` 或 ```` 元素提交的用户输入。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Most often, CGI scripts live in the server's special :file:`cgi-bin` " +"directory. The HTTP server places all sorts of information about the request" +" (such as the client's hostname, the requested URL, the query string, and " +"lots of other goodies) in the script's shell environment, executes the " +"script, and sends the script's output back to the client." +msgstr "" +"在大多数情况下，CGI 脚本存放在服务器的 :file:`cgi-bin` 特殊目录下。 HTTP " +"服务器将有关请求的各种信息（例如客户端的主机名、所请求的 URL、查询字符串以及许多其他内容）放在脚本的 shell " +"环境中，然后执行脚本，并将脚本的输出发回到客户端。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:56 +msgid "" +"The script's input is connected to the client too, and sometimes the form " +"data is read this way; at other times the form data is passed via the " +"\"query string\" part of the URL. This module is intended to take care of " +"the different cases and provide a simpler interface to the Python script. " +"It also provides a number of utilities that help in debugging scripts, and " +"the latest addition is support for file uploads from a form (if your browser" +" supports it)." +msgstr "" +"脚本的输入也会被连接到客户端，并且有时表单数据也会以此方式来读取；在其他时候表单数据会通过 URL 的“查询字符串”部分来传递。 " +"本模块的目标是处理不同的应用场景并向 Python 脚本提供一个更为简单的接口。 " +"它还提供了一些工具为脚本调试提供帮助，而最近增加的还有对通过表单上传文件的支持（如果你的浏览器支持该功能的话）。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The output of a CGI script should consist of two sections, separated by a " +"blank line. The first section contains a number of headers, telling the " +"client what kind of data is following. Python code to generate a minimal " +"header section looks like this::" +msgstr "" +"CGI 脚本的输出应当由两部分组成，并由一个空行分隔。 前一部分包含一些标头，它们告诉客户端后面会提供何种数据。 生成一个最小化标头部分的 Python" +" 代码如下所示::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The second section is usually HTML, which allows the client software to " +"display nicely formatted text with header, in-line images, etc. Here's " +"Python code that prints a simple piece of HTML::" +msgstr "" +"后一部分通常为 HTML，提供给客户端软件来显示格式良好包含标题的文本、内联图片等内容。 下面是打印一段简单 HTML 的 Python 代码::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:83 +msgid "Using the cgi module" +msgstr "使用 cgi 模块" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:85 +msgid "Begin by writing ``import cgi``." +msgstr "先在开头添加 ``import cgi``。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:87 +msgid "When you write a new script, consider adding these lines::" +msgstr "当你在编写一个新脚本时，请考虑加上这些语句::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:92 +msgid "" +"This activates a special exception handler that will display detailed " +"reports in the web browser if any errors occur. If you'd rather not show " +"the guts of your program to users of your script, you can have the reports " +"saved to files instead, with code like this::" +msgstr "" +"这会激活一个特殊的异常处理器，它将在发生任何错误时将详细错误报告显示到 web 浏览器中。 " +"如果你不希望向你的脚本的用户显示你的程序的内部细节，你可以改为将报告保存到文件中，使用这样的代码即可::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:100 +msgid "" +"It's very helpful to use this feature during script development. The reports" +" produced by :mod:`cgitb` provide information that can save you a lot of " +"time in tracking down bugs. You can always remove the ``cgitb`` line later " +"when you have tested your script and are confident that it works correctly." +msgstr "" +"在脚本开发期间使用此特性会很有帮助。 :mod:`cgitb` 所产生的报告提供了在追踪程序问题时能为你节省大量时间的信息。 " +"你可以在完成测试你的脚本并确信它能正确工作之后再移除 ``cgitb`` 行。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:105 +msgid "" +"To get at submitted form data, use the :class:`FieldStorage` class. If the " +"form contains non-ASCII characters, use the *encoding* keyword parameter set" +" to the value of the encoding defined for the document. It is usually " +"contained in the META tag in the HEAD section of the HTML document or by the" +" :mailheader:`Content-Type` header. This reads the form contents from the " +"standard input or the environment (depending on the value of various " +"environment variables set according to the CGI standard). Since it may " +"consume standard input, it should be instantiated only once." +msgstr "" +"要获取提交的表单数据，请使用 :class:`FieldStorage` 类。 如果表单包含非 ASCII 字符，请使用 *encoding* " +"关键字参数并设置为文档所定义的编码格式值。 它通常包含在 HTML 文档的 HEAD 部分的 META 标记中或者由 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头所指明。 这会从标准输入或环境读取表单内容（取决于根据 CGI 标准设置的多个环境变量的值）。" +" 由于它可能会消耗标准输入，它应当只被实例化一次。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:114 +msgid "" +"The :class:`FieldStorage` instance can be indexed like a Python dictionary. " +"It allows membership testing with the :keyword:`in` operator, and also " +"supports the standard dictionary method :meth:`~dict.keys` and the built-in " +"function :func:`len`. Form fields containing empty strings are ignored and " +"do not appear in the dictionary; to keep such values, provide a true value " +"for the optional *keep_blank_values* keyword parameter when creating the " +":class:`FieldStorage` instance." +msgstr "" +":class:`FieldStorage` 实例可以像 Python 字典一样来检索。 它允许通过 :keyword:`in` " +"运算符进行成员检测，也支持标准字典方法 :meth:`~dict.keys` 和内置函数 :func:`len`。 " +"包含空字符串的表单字段会被忽略而不会出现在字典中；要保留这样的值，请在创建 :class:`FieldStorage` 实例时为可选的 " +"*keep_blank_values* 关键字形参提供一个真值。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:122 +msgid "" +"For instance, the following code (which assumes that the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header and blank line have already been printed) " +"checks that the fields ``name`` and ``addr`` are both set to a non-empty " +"string::" +msgstr "" +"举例来说，下面的代码（假定 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头和空行已经被打印）会检查字段 ``name`` 和 " +"``addr`` 是否均被设为非空字符串::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Here the fields, accessed through ``form[key]``, are themselves instances of" +" :class:`FieldStorage` (or :class:`MiniFieldStorage`, depending on the form " +"encoding). The :attr:`~FieldStorage.value` attribute of the instance yields " +"the string value of the field. The :meth:`~FieldStorage.getvalue` method " +"returns this string value directly; it also accepts an optional second " +"argument as a default to return if the requested key is not present." +msgstr "" +"在这里的字段通过 ``form[key]`` 来访问，它们本身就是 :class:`FieldStorage` (或 " +":class:`MiniFieldStorage`，取决于表单的编码格式) 的实例。 实例的 :attr:`~FieldStorage.value` " +"属性会产生字段的字符串值。 :meth:`~FieldStorage.getvalue` " +"方法直接返回这个字符串；它还接受可选的第二个参数作为当请求的键不存在时要返回的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:143 +msgid "" +"If the submitted form data contains more than one field with the same name, " +"the object retrieved by ``form[key]`` is not a :class:`FieldStorage` or " +":class:`MiniFieldStorage` instance but a list of such instances. Similarly," +" in this situation, ``form.getvalue(key)`` would return a list of strings. " +"If you expect this possibility (when your HTML form contains multiple fields" +" with the same name), use the :meth:`~FieldStorage.getlist` method, which " +"always returns a list of values (so that you do not need to special-case the" +" single item case). For example, this code concatenates any number of " +"username fields, separated by commas::" +msgstr "" +"如果提交的表单数据包含一个以上的同名字段，由 ``form[key]`` 所提取的对象将不是一个 :class:`FieldStorage` 或 " +":class:`MiniFieldStorage` 实例而是由这种实例组成的列表。 类似地，在这种情况下，``form.getvalue(key)`` " +"将会返回一个字符串列表。 如果你预计到这种可能性（当你的 HTML 表单包含多个同名字段时），请使用 " +":meth:`~FieldStorage.getlist` 方法，它总是返回一个值的列表（这样你就不需要对只有单个项的情况进行特别处理）。 " +"例如，这段代码拼接了任意数量的 username 字段，以逗号进行分隔::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:156 +msgid "" +"If a field represents an uploaded file, accessing the value via the " +":attr:`~FieldStorage.value` attribute or the :meth:`~FieldStorage.getvalue` " +"method reads the entire file in memory as bytes. This may not be what you " +"want. You can test for an uploaded file by testing either the " +":attr:`~FieldStorage.filename` attribute or the :attr:`~FieldStorage.file` " +"attribute. You can then read the data from the :attr:`!file` attribute " +"before it is automatically closed as part of the garbage collection of the " +":class:`FieldStorage` instance (the :func:`~io.RawIOBase.read` and " +":func:`~io.IOBase.readline` methods will return bytes)::" +msgstr "" +"如果一个字段是代表上传的文件，请通过 :attr:`~FieldStorage.value` 属性访问该值或是通过 " +":meth:`~FieldStorage.getvalue` 方法以字节形式将整个文件读入内存。 这可能不是你想要的结果。 你可以通过测试 " +":attr:`~FieldStorage.filename` 属性或 :attr:`~FieldStorage.file` 属性来检测上传的文件。 " +"然后你可以从 :attr:`!file` 属性读取数据，直到它作为 :class:`FieldStorage` 实例的垃圾回收的一部分被自动关闭 " +"(:func:`~io.RawIOBase.read` 和 :func:`~io.IOBase.readline` 方法将返回字节数据)::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:176 +msgid "" +":class:`FieldStorage` objects also support being used in a :keyword:`with` " +"statement, which will automatically close them when done." +msgstr ":class:`FieldStorage` 对象还支持在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用，该语句结束时将自动关闭它们。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:179 +msgid "" +"If an error is encountered when obtaining the contents of an uploaded file " +"(for example, when the user interrupts the form submission by clicking on a " +"Back or Cancel button) the :attr:`~FieldStorage.done` attribute of the " +"object for the field will be set to the value -1." +msgstr "" +"如果在获取上传文件的内容时遇到错误（例如，当用户点击回退或取消按钮中断表单提交时）该字段中对象的 :attr:`~FieldStorage.done` " +"属性值将被设为 -1。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:184 +msgid "" +"The file upload draft standard entertains the possibility of uploading " +"multiple files from one field (using a recursive :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` " +"encoding). When this occurs, the item will be a dictionary-like " +":class:`FieldStorage` item. This can be determined by testing its " +":attr:`!type` attribute, which should be :mimetype:`multipart/form-data` (or" +" perhaps another MIME type matching :mimetype:`multipart/\\*`). In this " +"case, it can be iterated over recursively just like the top-level form " +"object." +msgstr "" +"文件上传标准草案考虑到了从一个字段上传多个文件的可能性（使用递归的 :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` 编码格式）。 " +"当这种情况发生时，该条目将是一个类似字典的 :class:`FieldStorage` 条目。 这可以通过检测它的 :attr:`!type` " +"属性来确定，该属性应当是 :mimetype:`multipart/form-data` (或者可能是匹配 " +":mimetype:`multipart/\\*` 的其他 MIME 类型)。 在这种情况下，它可以像最高层级的表单对象一样被递归地迭代处理。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:192 +msgid "" +"When a form is submitted in the \"old\" format (as the query string or as a " +"single data part of type :mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`), the" +" items will actually be instances of the class :class:`MiniFieldStorage`. " +"In this case, the :attr:`!list`, :attr:`!file`, and :attr:`filename` " +"attributes are always ``None``." +msgstr "" +"当一个表单按“旧”格式提交时（即以查询字符串或是单个 :mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` " +"类型的数据部分的形式），这些条目实际上将是 :class:`MiniFieldStorage` 类的实例。 在这种情况下，:attr:`!list`, " +":attr:`!file` 和 :attr:`filename` 属性将总是为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:197 +msgid "" +"A form submitted via POST that also has a query string will contain both " +":class:`FieldStorage` and :class:`MiniFieldStorage` items." +msgstr "" +"通过 POST 方式提交并且也带有查询字符串的表单将同时包含 :class:`FieldStorage` 和 " +":class:`MiniFieldStorage` 条目。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:200 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~FieldStorage.file` attribute is automatically closed upon the " +"garbage collection of the creating :class:`FieldStorage` instance." +msgstr "" +":attr:`~FieldStorage.file` 属性会在创建 :class:`FieldStorage` 实例的垃圾回收操作中被自动关闭。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Added support for the context management protocol to the " +":class:`FieldStorage` class." +msgstr "为 :class:`FieldStorage` 类增加了上下文管理协议支持。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:210 +msgid "Higher Level Interface" +msgstr "更高层级的接口" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:212 +msgid "" +"The previous section explains how to read CGI form data using the " +":class:`FieldStorage` class. This section describes a higher level " +"interface which was added to this class to allow one to do it in a more " +"readable and intuitive way. The interface doesn't make the techniques " +"described in previous sections obsolete --- they are still useful to process" +" file uploads efficiently, for example." +msgstr "" +"前面的部分解释了如何使用 :class:`FieldStorage` 类来读取 CGI 表单数据。 " +"本部分则会描述一个更高层级的接口，它被添加到此类中以允许人们以更为可读和自然的方式行事。 这个接口并不会完全取代前面的部分所描述的技巧 --- " +"例如它们在高效处理文件上传时仍然很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:221 +msgid "" +"The interface consists of two simple methods. Using the methods you can " +"process form data in a generic way, without the need to worry whether only " +"one or more values were posted under one name." +msgstr "此接口由两个简单的方法组成。 你可以使用这两个方法以通用的方式处理表单数据，而无需担心在一个名称下提交的值是只有一个还是有多个。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:225 +msgid "" +"In the previous section, you learned to write following code anytime you " +"expected a user to post more than one value under one name::" +msgstr "在前面的部分中，你已学会当你预期用户在一个名称下提交超过一个值的时候编写以下代码::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:234 +msgid "" +"This situation is common for example when a form contains a group of " +"multiple checkboxes with the same name::" +msgstr "这种情况很常见，例如当一个表单包含具有相同名称的一组复选框的时候::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:240 +msgid "" +"In most situations, however, there's only one form control with a particular" +" name in a form and then you expect and need only one value associated with " +"this name. So you write a script containing for example this code::" +msgstr "但是在多数情况下，一个表单中的一个特定名称只对应一个表单控件。 因此你可能会编写包含以下代码的脚本::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:246 +msgid "" +"The problem with the code is that you should never expect that a client will" +" provide valid input to your scripts. For example, if a curious user " +"appends another ``user=foo`` pair to the query string, then the script would" +" crash, because in this situation the ``getvalue(\"user\")`` method call " +"returns a list instead of a string. Calling the :meth:`~str.upper` method " +"on a list is not valid (since lists do not have a method of this name) and " +"results in an :exc:`AttributeError` exception." +msgstr "" +"这段代码的问题在于你绝不能预期客户端会向你的脚本提供合法的输入。 举例来说，如果一个好奇的用户向查询字符串添加了另一个 ``user=foo`` " +"对，则该脚本将会崩溃，因为在这种情况下 ``getvalue(\"user\")`` 方法调用将返回一个列表而不是字符串。 在一个列表上调用 " +":meth:`~str.upper` 方法是不合法的（因为列表并没有这个方法）因而会引发 :exc:`AttributeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Therefore, the appropriate way to read form data values was to always use " +"the code which checks whether the obtained value is a single value or a list" +" of values. That's annoying and leads to less readable scripts." +msgstr "因此，读取表单数据值的正确方式应当总是使用检查所获取的值是单一值还是值列表的代码。 这很麻烦并且会使脚本缺乏可读性。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:258 +msgid "" +"A more convenient approach is to use the methods " +":meth:`~FieldStorage.getfirst` and :meth:`~FieldStorage.getlist` provided by" +" this higher level interface." +msgstr "" +"一种更便捷的方式是使用这个更高层级接口所提供的 :meth:`~FieldStorage.getfirst` 和 " +":meth:`~FieldStorage.getlist` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:264 +msgid "" +"This method always returns only one value associated with form field *name*." +" The method returns only the first value in case that more values were " +"posted under such name. Please note that the order in which the values are " +"received may vary from browser to browser and should not be counted on. [#]_" +" If no such form field or value exists then the method returns the value " +"specified by the optional parameter *default*. This parameter defaults to " +"``None`` if not specified." +msgstr "" +"此方法总是只返回与表单字段 *name* 相关联的单一值。 此方法在同一名称下提交了多个值的情况下将仅返回第一个值。 " +"请注意所接收的值顺序在不同浏览器上可能发生变化因而是不确定的。 [#]_ 如果指定的表单字段或值不存在则此方法将返回可选形参 *default* " +"所指定的值。 如果未指定此形参则默认值为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:275 +msgid "" +"This method always returns a list of values associated with form field " +"*name*. The method returns an empty list if no such form field or value " +"exists for *name*. It returns a list consisting of one item if only one " +"such value exists." +msgstr "" +"此方法总是返回与表单字段 *name* 相关联的值列表。 如果 *name* 指定的表单字段或值不存在则此方法将返回一个空列表。 " +"如果指定的表单字段只包含一个值则它将返回只有一项的列表。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:279 +msgid "Using these methods you can write nice compact code::" +msgstr "使用这两个方法你将能写出优雅简洁的代码::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:291 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:293 +msgid "" +"These are useful if you want more control, or if you want to employ some of " +"the algorithms implemented in this module in other circumstances." +msgstr "这些函数在你想要更多控制，或者如果你想要应用一些此模块中在其他场景下实现的算法时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Parse a query in the environment or from a file (the file defaults to " +"``sys.stdin``). The *keep_blank_values*, *strict_parsing* and *separator* " +"parameters are passed to :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` unchanged." +msgstr "" +"在环境中或从某个文件中解析一个查询 (文件默认为 ``sys.stdin``)。 *keep_blank_values*, " +"*strict_parsing* 和 *separator* 形参会被原样传给 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs`。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:307 +msgid "" +"This function, like the rest of the :mod:`cgi` module, is deprecated. It can" +" be replaced by calling :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` directly on the " +"desired query string (except for ``multipart/form-data`` input, which can be" +" handled as described for :func:`parse_multipart`)." +msgstr "" +"此函数与 :mod:`cgi` 模块的其余部分一样已被弃用。 它可以被替换为在想要的查询字符串上直接调用 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` (但 ``multipart/form-data`` 输入除外，它可以如 " +":func:`parse_multipart` 所描述的那样被处理)。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Parse input of type :mimetype:`multipart/form-data` (for file uploads). " +"Arguments are *fp* for the input file, *pdict* for a dictionary containing " +"other parameters in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, and *encoding*, " +"the request encoding." +msgstr "" +"解析 :mimetype:`multipart/form-data` 类型（用于文件上传）的输入。 参数中 *fp* 为输入文件，*pdict* 为包含" +" :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中的其他形参的字典，*encoding* 为请求的编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:317 +msgid "" +"Returns a dictionary just like :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs`: keys are the " +"field names, each value is a list of values for that field. For non-file " +"fields, the value is a list of strings." +msgstr "" +"像 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` 那样返回一个字典：其中的键为字段名称，值为对应字段的值列表。 " +"对于非文件字段，其值均为字符串列表。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:321 +msgid "" +"This is easy to use but not much good if you are expecting megabytes to be " +"uploaded --- in that case, use the :class:`FieldStorage` class instead which" +" is much more flexible." +msgstr "" +"这很容易使用，但如果你预期要上传巨量字节数据时就不太适合了 --- 在这种情况下，请改用更为灵活的 :class:`FieldStorage` 类。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Added the *encoding* and *errors* parameters. For non-file fields, the " +"value is now a list of strings, not bytes." +msgstr "增加了 *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参。 对于非文件字段，其值现在为字符串列表而非字节串列表。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:329 +msgid "Added the *separator* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *separator* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:337 +msgid "" +"This function, like the rest of the :mod:`cgi` module, is deprecated. It can" +" be replaced with the functionality in the :mod:`email` package (e.g. " +":class:`email.message.EmailMessage`/:class:`email.message.Message`) which " +"implements the same MIME RFCs, or with the :pypi:`multipart` PyPI project." +msgstr "" +"此函数与 :mod:`cgi` 模块的其余部分一样已被弃用。 它可以被替换为 :mod:`email` 包中实现相同 MIME RFC的函数 (例如 " +":class:`email.message.EmailMessage`/:class:`email.message.Message`)，或是使用 " +":pypi:`multipart` PyPI 项目。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Parse a MIME header (such as :mailheader:`Content-Type`) into a main value " +"and a dictionary of parameters." +msgstr "将一个 MIME 标头 (例如 :mailheader:`Content-Type`) 解析为一个主值和一个参数字典。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:355 +msgid "" +"This function, like the rest of the :mod:`cgi` module, is deprecated. It can" +" be replaced with the functionality in the :mod:`email` package, which " +"implements the same MIME RFCs." +msgstr "" +"此函数与 :mod:`cgi` 模块的其余部分一样已被弃用。 它可以被替换为 :mod:`email` 包中实现了相同 MIME RFC 的功能。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:350 +msgid "For example, with :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`::" +msgstr "例如，使用 :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Robust test CGI script, usable as main program. Writes minimal HTTP headers " +"and formats all information provided to the script in HTML format." +msgstr "对 CGI 执行健壮性检测，适于作为主程序。 写入最小化的 HTTP 标头并以 HTML 格式来格式化提供给脚本的所有信息。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:366 +msgid "Format the shell environment in HTML." +msgstr "以 HTML 格式来格式化 shell 环境。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:371 +msgid "Format a form in HTML." +msgstr "以 HTML 格式来格式化表单。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:376 +msgid "Format the current directory in HTML." +msgstr "以 HTML 格式来格式化当前目录。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:381 +msgid "Print a list of useful (used by CGI) environment variables in HTML." +msgstr "以 HTML 格式打印有用的环境变量列表（供 CGI 使用）。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:387 +msgid "Caring about security" +msgstr "对于安全性的关注" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:391 +msgid "" +"There's one important rule: if you invoke an external program (via " +":func:`os.system`, :func:`os.popen` or other functions with similar " +"functionality), make very sure you don't pass arbitrary strings received " +"from the client to the shell. This is a well-known security hole whereby " +"clever hackers anywhere on the web can exploit a gullible CGI script to " +"invoke arbitrary shell commands. Even parts of the URL or field names " +"cannot be trusted, since the request doesn't have to come from your form!" +msgstr "" +"有一条重要的规则：如果你发起调用一个外部程序（通过 :func:`os.system`, :func:`os.popen` " +"或其他具有类似功能的函数），需要非常确定你不会把从客户端接收的任意字符串直接传给 shell。 " +"这是一个著名的安全漏洞，网络中聪明的黑客可以通过它来利用容易上当的 CGI 脚本发起调用任何 shell 命令。 即便 URL " +"的一部分或字段名称也是不可信任的，因为请求并不一定是来自你的表单！" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:399 +msgid "" +"To be on the safe side, if you must pass a string gotten from a form to a " +"shell command, you should make sure the string contains only alphanumeric " +"characters, dashes, underscores, and periods." +msgstr "为了安全起见，如果你必须将从表单获取的字符串传给 shell 命令，你应当确保该字符串仅包含字母数字类字符、连字符、下划线和句点。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:405 +msgid "Installing your CGI script on a Unix system" +msgstr "在 Unix 系统上安装你的 CGI 脚本" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Read the documentation for your HTTP server and check with your local system" +" administrator to find the directory where CGI scripts should be installed; " +"usually this is in a directory :file:`cgi-bin` in the server tree." +msgstr "" +"请阅读你的 HTTP 服务器的文档并咨询你所用系统的管理员来找到 CGI 脚本应当安装到哪个目录；通常是服务器目录树中的 :file:`cgi-bin`" +" 目录。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Make sure that your script is readable and executable by \"others\"; the " +"Unix file mode should be ``0o755`` octal (use ``chmod 0755 filename``). " +"Make sure that the first line of the script contains ``#!`` starting in " +"column 1 followed by the pathname of the Python interpreter, for instance::" +msgstr "" +"请确保你的脚本可被“其他人”读取和执行；Unix 文件模式应为八进制数 ``0o755`` (使用 ``chmod 0755 filename``)。 " +"请确保脚本的第一行包含 ``#!`` 且位置是从第 1 列开始，后面带有 Python 解释器的路径名，例如::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:418 +msgid "Make sure the Python interpreter exists and is executable by \"others\"." +msgstr "请确保该 Python 解释器存在并且可被“其他人”执行。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Make sure that any files your script needs to read or write are readable or " +"writable, respectively, by \"others\" --- their mode should be ``0o644`` for" +" readable and ``0o666`` for writable. This is because, for security " +"reasons, the HTTP server executes your script as user \"nobody\", without " +"any special privileges. It can only read (write, execute) files that " +"everybody can read (write, execute). The current directory at execution " +"time is also different (it is usually the server's cgi-bin directory) and " +"the set of environment variables is also different from what you get when " +"you log in. In particular, don't count on the shell's search path for " +"executables (:envvar:`PATH`) or the Python module search path " +"(:envvar:`PYTHONPATH`) to be set to anything interesting." +msgstr "" +"请确保你的脚本需要读取或写入的任何文件都分别是“其他人”可读取或可写入的 --- 它们的模式应为可读取 ``0o644`` 或可写入 " +"``0o666``。 这是因为出于安全理由，HTTP 服务器是作为没有任何特殊权限的 \"nobody\" 用户来运行脚本的。 " +"它只能读取（写入、执行）任何人都能读取（写入、执行）的文件。 执行时的当前目录（通常为服务器的 cgi-bin " +"目录）和环境变量集合也与你在登录时所得到的不同。 特别地，不可依赖于 shell 的可执行文件搜索路径 (:envvar:`PATH`) 或 " +"Python 模块搜索路径 (:envvar:`PYTHONPATH`) 的任何相关设置。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:431 +msgid "" +"If you need to load modules from a directory which is not on Python's " +"default module search path, you can change the path in your script, before " +"importing other modules. For example::" +msgstr "如果你需要从 Python 的默认模块搜索路径之外的目录载入模块，你可以在导入其他模块之前在你的脚本中改变路径。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:439 +msgid "(This way, the directory inserted last will be searched first!)" +msgstr "（在此方式下，最后插入的目录将最先被搜索！）" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:441 +msgid "" +"Instructions for non-Unix systems will vary; check your HTTP server's " +"documentation (it will usually have a section on CGI scripts)." +msgstr "针对非 Unix 系统的指导会有所变化；请查看你的 HTTP 服务器的文档（通常会有关于 CGI 脚本的部分）。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:446 +msgid "Testing your CGI script" +msgstr "测试你的 CGI 脚本" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:448 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, a CGI script will generally not run when you try it from the " +"command line, and a script that works perfectly from the command line may " +"fail mysteriously when run from the server. There's one reason why you " +"should still test your script from the command line: if it contains a syntax" +" error, the Python interpreter won't execute it at all, and the HTTP server " +"will most likely send a cryptic error to the client." +msgstr "" +"很不幸，当你在命令行中尝试 CGI 脚本时它通常会无法运行，而能在命令行中完美运行的脚本则可能会在运行于服务器时神秘地失败。 " +"但有一个理由使你仍然应当在命令行中测试你的脚本：如果它包含语法错误，Python 解释器将根本不会执行它，而 HTTP " +"服务器将很可能向客户端发送令人费解的错误信息。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:455 +msgid "" +"Assuming your script has no syntax errors, yet it does not work, you have no" +" choice but to read the next section." +msgstr "假定你的脚本没有语法错误，但它仍然无法起作用，你将别无选择，只能继续阅读下一节。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:460 +msgid "Debugging CGI scripts" +msgstr "调试 CGI 脚本" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:464 +msgid "" +"First of all, check for trivial installation errors --- reading the section " +"above on installing your CGI script carefully can save you a lot of time. " +"If you wonder whether you have understood the installation procedure " +"correctly, try installing a copy of this module file (:file:`cgi.py`) as a " +"CGI script. When invoked as a script, the file will dump its environment " +"and the contents of the form in HTML format. Give it the right mode etc., " +"and send it a request. If it's installed in the standard :file:`cgi-bin` " +"directory, it should be possible to send it a request by entering a URL into" +" your browser of the form:" +msgstr "" +"首先，请检查是否有安装上的小错误 --- 仔细阅读上面关于安装 CGI 脚本的部分可以使你节省大量时间。 " +"如果你不确定你是否正确理解了安装过程，请尝试将此模块 (:file:`cgi.py`) 的副本作为 CGI 脚本安装。 " +"当作为脚本被发起调用时，该文件将以 HTML 格式转储其环境和表单内容。 请给它赋予正确的模式等，并向它发送一个请求。 如果它是安装在标准的 " +":file:`cgi-bin` 目录下，应该可以通过在你的浏览器中输入表单的 URL 来向它发送请求。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:477 +msgid "" +"If this gives an error of type 404, the server cannot find the script -- " +"perhaps you need to install it in a different directory. If it gives " +"another error, there's an installation problem that you should fix before " +"trying to go any further. If you get a nicely formatted listing of the " +"environment and form content (in this example, the fields should be listed " +"as \"addr\" with value \"At Home\" and \"name\" with value \"Joe Blow\"), " +"the :file:`cgi.py` script has been installed correctly. If you follow the " +"same procedure for your own script, you should now be able to debug it." +msgstr "" +"如果此操作给出类型为 404 的错误，说明服务器找不到此脚本 -- 也许你需要将它安装到不同的目录。 " +"如果它给出另一种错误，说明存在安装问题，你应当解决此问题才能继续操作。 如果你得到一个格式良好的环境和表单内容清单（在这个例子中，应当会列出的有字段 " +"\"addr\" 值为 \"At Home\" 以及 \"name\" 值为 \"Joe Blow\"），则说明 :file:`cgi.py` " +"脚本已正确安装。 如果你为自己的脚本执行了同样的过程，现在你应该能够调试它了。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The next step could be to call the :mod:`cgi` module's :func:`test` function" +" from your script: replace its main code with the single statement ::" +msgstr "下一步骤可以是在你的脚本中调用 :mod:`cgi` 模块的 :func:`test` 函数：用这一条语句替换它的主代码 ::" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:491 +msgid "" +"This should produce the same results as those gotten from installing the " +":file:`cgi.py` file itself." +msgstr "这将产生从安装 :file:`cgi.py` 文件本身所得到的相同结果。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:494 +msgid "" +"When an ordinary Python script raises an unhandled exception (for whatever " +"reason: of a typo in a module name, a file that can't be opened, etc.), the " +"Python interpreter prints a nice traceback and exits. While the Python " +"interpreter will still do this when your CGI script raises an exception, " +"most likely the traceback will end up in one of the HTTP server's log files," +" or be discarded altogether." +msgstr "" +"当某个常规 Python 脚本触发了未处理的异常，（无论出于什么原因：模块名称出错、文件无法打开等)，Python " +"解释器就会打印出一条完整的跟踪信息并退出。在 CGI 脚本触发异常时，Python 解释器依然会如此，但最有可能的是，跟踪信息只会停留在某个 HTTP " +"服务日志文件中，或者被完全丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:501 +msgid "" +"Fortunately, once you have managed to get your script to execute *some* " +"code, you can easily send tracebacks to the web browser using the " +":mod:`cgitb` module. If you haven't done so already, just add the lines::" +msgstr "幸运的是，只要执行 *某些* 代码，就可以利用 :mod:`cgitb` 模块将跟踪信息发送给浏览器。将以下几行代码加到代码顶部：" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:508 +msgid "" +"to the top of your script. Then try running it again; when a problem " +"occurs, you should see a detailed report that will likely make apparent the " +"cause of the crash." +msgstr "然后再运行一下看；发生问题时应能看到详细的报告，或许能让崩溃的原因更清晰一些。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:512 +msgid "" +"If you suspect that there may be a problem in importing the :mod:`cgitb` " +"module, you can use an even more robust approach (which only uses built-in " +"modules)::" +msgstr "如果怀疑是 :mod:`cgitb` 模块导入的问题，可以采用一个功能更强的方法（只用到内置模块）：" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:521 +msgid "" +"This relies on the Python interpreter to print the traceback. The content " +"type of the output is set to plain text, which disables all HTML processing." +" If your script works, the raw HTML will be displayed by your client. If " +"it raises an exception, most likely after the first two lines have been " +"printed, a traceback will be displayed. Because no HTML interpretation is " +"going on, the traceback will be readable." +msgstr "" +"这得靠 Python 解释器来打印跟踪信息。输出的类型为纯文本，不经过任何 HTML 处理。如果代码正常，则客户端会显示原有的 " +"HTML。如果触发了异常，很可能在输出前两行后会显示一条跟踪信息。因为不会继续进行 HTML 解析，所以跟踪信息肯定能被读到。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:530 +msgid "Common problems and solutions" +msgstr "常见问题和解决方案" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:532 +msgid "" +"Most HTTP servers buffer the output from CGI scripts until the script is " +"completed. This means that it is not possible to display a progress report " +"on the client's display while the script is running." +msgstr "" +"大部分 HTTP 服务器会对 CGI 脚本的输出进行缓存，等脚本执行完毕再行输出。这意味着在脚本运行时，不可能在客户端屏幕上显示出进度情况。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:536 +msgid "Check the installation instructions above." +msgstr "请查看上述安装说明。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Check the HTTP server's log files. (``tail -f logfile`` in a separate " +"window may be useful!)" +msgstr "请查看 HTTP 服务器的日志文件。（在另一个单独窗口中执行 ``tail -f logfile`` 可能会很有用！）" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:541 +msgid "" +"Always check a script for syntax errors first, by doing something like " +"``python script.py``." +msgstr "一定要先检查脚本是否有语法错误，做法类似：``python script.py`` 。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:544 +msgid "" +"If your script does not have any syntax errors, try adding ``import cgitb; " +"cgitb.enable()`` to the top of the script." +msgstr "如果脚本没有语法错误，试着在脚本的顶部添加 ``import cgitb; cgitb.enable()``。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:547 +msgid "" +"When invoking external programs, make sure they can be found. Usually, this " +"means using absolute path names --- :envvar:`PATH` is usually not set to a " +"very useful value in a CGI script." +msgstr "" +"当调用外部程序时，要确保其可被读取。通常这意味着采用绝对路径名------ 在 CGI 脚本中， :envvar:`PATH` 的值通常没什么用。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:551 +msgid "" +"When reading or writing external files, make sure they can be read or " +"written by the userid under which your CGI script will be running: this is " +"typically the userid under which the web server is running, or some " +"explicitly specified userid for a web server's ``suexec`` feature." +msgstr "" +"在读写外部文件时，要确保其能被 CGI 脚本归属的用户读写：通常是运行网络服务的用户，或由网络服务的 ``suexec`` 功能明确指定的一些用户。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:556 +msgid "" +"Don't try to give a CGI script a set-uid mode. This doesn't work on most " +"systems, and is a security liability as well." +msgstr "不要试图给 CGI 脚本赋予 set-uid 模式。这在大多数系统上都行不通，出于安全考虑也不应如此。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:560 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "附注" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:561 +msgid "" +"Note that some recent versions of the HTML specification do state what order" +" the field values should be supplied in, but knowing whether a request was " +"received from a conforming browser, or even from a browser at all, is " +"tedious and error-prone." +msgstr "" +"请注意，新版的 HTML 规范确实注明了请求字段的顺序，但判断请求是否合法非常繁琐和容易出错，可能来自不符合要求的浏览器，甚至不是来自浏览器。" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "WWW" +msgstr "WWW" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "server" +msgstr "服务器" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 ../../library/cgi.rst:389 +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:462 +msgid "CGI" +msgstr "CGI" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "protocol" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "HTTP" +msgstr "HTTP" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "MIME" +msgstr "MIME" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "headers" +msgstr "标头" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "URL" +msgstr "网址" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:10 +msgid "Common Gateway Interface" +msgstr "Common Gateway Interface" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:389 +msgid "security" +msgstr "安全" + +#: ../../library/cgi.rst:462 +msgid "debugging" +msgstr "调试" diff --git a/library/cgitb.po b/library/cgitb.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..225566864 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/cgitb.po @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`cgitb` --- Traceback manager for CGI scripts" +msgstr ":mod:`cgitb` --- 用于 CGI 脚本的回溯管理器" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/cgitb.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/cgitb.py`" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cgitb` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#cgitb>` for " +"details)." +msgstr ":mod:`cgitb` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#cgitb>` 了解详情）。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cgitb` module provides a special exception handler for Python " +"scripts. (Its name is a bit misleading. It was originally designed to " +"display extensive traceback information in HTML for CGI scripts. It was " +"later generalized to also display this information in plain text.) After " +"this module is activated, if an uncaught exception occurs, a detailed, " +"formatted report will be displayed. The report includes a traceback showing" +" excerpts of the source code for each level, as well as the values of the " +"arguments and local variables to currently running functions, to help you " +"debug the problem. Optionally, you can save this information to a file " +"instead of sending it to the browser." +msgstr "" +":mod:`cgitb` 模块提供了用于 Python 脚本的特殊异常处理程序。 （这个名称有一点误导性。 它最初是设计用来显示 HTML 格式的 " +"CGI 脚本详细回溯信息。 但后来被一般化为也可显示纯文本格式的回溯信息。） 激活这个模块之后，如果发生了未被捕获的异常，将会显示详细的已格式化的报告。" +" 报告显示内容包括每个层级的源代码摘录，还有当前正在运行的函数的参数和局部变量值，以帮助你调试问题。 " +"你也可以选择将此信息保存至文件而不是将其发送至浏览器。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:35 +msgid "" +"To enable this feature, simply add this to the top of your CGI script::" +msgstr "要启用此特性，只需简单地将此代码添加到你的 CGI 脚本的最顶端::" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:40 +msgid "" +"The options to the :func:`enable` function control whether the report is " +"displayed in the browser and whether the report is logged to a file for " +"later analysis." +msgstr ":func:`enable` 函数的选项可以控制是将报告显示在浏览器中，还是将报告记录到文件供以后进行分析。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:49 +msgid "" +"This function causes the :mod:`cgitb` module to take over the interpreter's " +"default handling for exceptions by setting the value of " +":attr:`sys.excepthook`." +msgstr "此函数可通过设置 :attr:`sys.excepthook` 的值以使 :mod:`cgitb` 模块接管解释器默认的异常处理机制。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:52 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *display* defaults to ``1`` and can be set to ``0`` to" +" suppress sending the traceback to the browser. If the argument *logdir* is " +"present, the traceback reports are written to files. The value of *logdir* " +"should be a directory where these files will be placed. The optional " +"argument *context* is the number of lines of context to display around the " +"current line of source code in the traceback; this defaults to ``5``. If the" +" optional argument *format* is ``\"html\"``, the output is formatted as " +"HTML. Any other value forces plain text output. The default value is " +"``\"html\"``." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *display* 默认为 ``1`` 并可被设为 ``0`` 来停止将回溯发送至浏览器。 如果给出了参数 " +"*logdir*，则回溯会被写入文件。 *logdir* 的值应当是一个用于存放所写入文件的目录。 可选参数 *context* " +"是要在回溯中的当前源代码行前后显示的上下文行数；默认为 ``5``。 如果可选参数 *format* 为 ``\"html\"``，输出将为 HTML " +"格式。 任何其它值都会强制启用纯文本输出。 默认取值为 ``\"html\"``。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:64 +msgid "" +"This function handles the exception described by *info* (a 3-tuple " +"containing the result of :func:`sys.exc_info`), formatting its traceback as " +"text and returning the result as a string. The optional argument *context* " +"is the number of lines of context to display around the current line of " +"source code in the traceback; this defaults to ``5``." +msgstr "" +"此函数用于处理 *info* (一个包含 :func:`sys.exc_info` 返回结果的 3 元组) " +"所描述的异常，将其回溯格式化为文本并将结果作为字符串返回。 可选参数 *context* 是要在回溯中的当前源码行前后显示的上下文行数；默认为 " +"``5``。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:73 +msgid "" +"This function handles the exception described by *info* (a 3-tuple " +"containing the result of :func:`sys.exc_info`), formatting its traceback as " +"HTML and returning the result as a string. The optional argument *context* " +"is the number of lines of context to display around the current line of " +"source code in the traceback; this defaults to ``5``." +msgstr "" +"此函数用于处理 *info* (一个包含 :func:`sys.exc_info` 返回结果的 3 元组) 所描述的异常，将其回溯格式化为 HTML " +"并将结果作为字符串返回。 可选参数 *context* 是要在回溯中的当前源码行前后显示的上下文行数；默认为 ``5``。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:82 +msgid "" +"This function handles an exception using the default settings (that is, show" +" a report in the browser, but don't log to a file). This can be used when " +"you've caught an exception and want to report it using :mod:`cgitb`. The " +"optional *info* argument should be a 3-tuple containing an exception type, " +"exception value, and traceback object, exactly like the tuple returned by " +":func:`sys.exc_info`. If the *info* argument is not supplied, the current " +"exception is obtained from :func:`sys.exc_info`." +msgstr "" +"此函数使用默认设置处理异常（即在浏览器中显示报告，但不记录到文件）。 当你捕获了一个异常并希望使用 :mod:`cgitb` 来报告它时可以使用此函数。" +" 可选的 *info* 参数应为一个包含异常类型，异常值和回溯对象的 3 元组，与 :func:`sys.exc_info` 所返回的元组完全一致。 " +"如果未提供 *info* 参数，则会从 :func:`sys.exc_info` 获取当前异常。" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:13 +msgid "CGI" +msgstr "CGI" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:13 +msgid "exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:13 +msgid "tracebacks" +msgstr "回溯" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:13 +msgid "in CGI scripts" +msgstr "在 CGI 脚本中" + +#: ../../library/cgitb.rst:47 +msgid "excepthook() (in module sys)" +msgstr "excepthook() (在 sys 模块中)" diff --git a/library/chunk.po b/library/chunk.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5a360026 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/chunk.po @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Yinuo Huang , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`chunk` --- Read IFF chunked data" +msgstr ":mod:`chunk` --- 读取 IFF 分块数据" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/chunk.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/chunk.py`" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`chunk` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#chunk>` for " +"details)." +msgstr ":mod:`chunk` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#chunk>` 了解详情）。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:26 +msgid "" +"This module provides an interface for reading files that use EA IFF 85 " +"chunks. [#]_ This format is used in at least the Audio Interchange File " +"Format (AIFF/AIFF-C) and the Real Media File Format (RMFF). The WAVE audio " +"file format is closely related and can also be read using this module." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供了一个读取使用 EA IFF 85 分块的数据的接口chunks. [#]_ 这种格式使用的场合有 Audio Interchange " +"File Format (AIFF/AIFF-C) 和 Real Media File Format (RMFF) 等。 与它们密切相关的 WAVE " +"音频文件也可使用此模块来读取。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:31 +msgid "A chunk has the following structure:" +msgstr "一个分块具有以下结构:" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:34 +msgid "Offset" +msgstr "偏移" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:34 +msgid "Length" +msgstr "长度" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:34 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:36 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:36 ../../library/chunk.rst:38 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:36 +msgid "Chunk ID" +msgstr "区块ID" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:38 +msgid "Size of chunk in big-endian byte order, not including the header" +msgstr "大端字节顺序的块大小，不包括头" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:42 +msgid "8" +msgstr "8" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:42 +msgid "*n*" +msgstr "*n*" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:42 +msgid "Data bytes, where *n* is the size given in the preceding field" +msgstr "数据字节，其中 *n* 是前一字段中给出的大小" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:46 +msgid "8 + *n*" +msgstr "8 + *n*" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:46 +msgid "0 or 1" +msgstr "0 或 1" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:46 +msgid "Pad byte needed if *n* is odd and chunk alignment is used" +msgstr "如果 *n* 为奇数且使用块对齐，则需要填充字节" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:50 +msgid "The ID is a 4-byte string which identifies the type of chunk." +msgstr "ID是一个4字节的字符串，用于标识块的类型。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:52 +msgid "" +"The size field (a 32-bit value, encoded using big-endian byte order) gives " +"the size of the chunk data, not including the 8-byte header." +msgstr "大小字段（32 位的值，使用大端字节序编码）给出分块数据的大小，不包括 8 字节的标头。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Usually an IFF-type file consists of one or more chunks. The proposed usage" +" of the :class:`Chunk` class defined here is to instantiate an instance at " +"the start of each chunk and read from the instance until it reaches the end," +" after which a new instance can be instantiated. At the end of the file, " +"creating a new instance will fail with an :exc:`EOFError` exception." +msgstr "" +"使用由一个或更多分块组成的 IFF 类型文件。 此处定义的 :class:`Chunk` " +"类的建议使用方式是在每个分块开始时实例化一个实例并从实例读取直到其末尾，在那之后可以再实例化新的实例。 到达文件末尾时，创建新实例将会失败并引发 " +":exc:`EOFError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Class which represents a chunk. The *file* argument is expected to be a " +"file-like object. An instance of this class is specifically allowed. The " +"only method that is needed is :meth:`~io.IOBase.read`. If the methods " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.seek` and :meth:`~io.IOBase.tell` are present and don't " +"raise an exception, they are also used. If these methods are present and " +"raise an exception, they are expected to not have altered the object. If " +"the optional argument *align* is true, chunks are assumed to be aligned on " +"2-byte boundaries. If *align* is false, no alignment is assumed. The " +"default value is true. If the optional argument *bigendian* is false, the " +"chunk size is assumed to be in little-endian order. This is needed for WAVE " +"audio files. The default value is true. If the optional argument " +"*inclheader* is true, the size given in the chunk header includes the size " +"of the header. The default value is false." +msgstr "" +"代表一个分块的类。 *file* 参数预期为一个文件型对象。 特别地也允许该类的实例。 唯一必需的方法是 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.read`。 如果存在 :meth:`~io.IOBase.seek` 和 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.tell` 方法并且没有引发异常，它们也会被使用。 如果存在这些方法并且引发了异常，则它们不应改变目标对象。 " +"如果可选参数 *align* 为真值，则分块应当以 2 字节边界对齐。 如果 *align* 为假值，则不使用对齐。 此参数默认为真值。 如果可选参数 " +"*bigendian* 为假值，分块大小应当为小端序。 这对于 WAVE 音频文件是必须的。 此参数默认为真值。 如果可选参数 *inclheader*" +" 为真值，则分块标头中给出的大小将包括标头的大小。 此参数默认为假值。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:78 +msgid "A :class:`Chunk` object supports the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Chunk` 对象支持下列方法：" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Returns the name (ID) of the chunk. This is the first 4 bytes of the chunk." +msgstr "返回分块的名称（ID）。 这是分块的头 4 个字节。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:89 +msgid "Returns the size of the chunk." +msgstr "返回分块的大小。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Close and skip to the end of the chunk. This does not close the underlying " +"file." +msgstr "关闭并跳转到分块的末尾。 这不会关闭下层的文件。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:97 +msgid "" +"The remaining methods will raise :exc:`OSError` if called after the " +":meth:`close` method has been called. Before Python 3.3, they used to raise" +" :exc:`IOError`, now an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`close` 方法已被调用后其余方法将会引发 :exc:`OSError`。 在 Python 3.3 之前，它们曾会引发 " +":exc:`IOError`，现在这是 :exc:`OSError` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:104 +msgid "Returns ``False``." +msgstr "返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Set the chunk's current position. The *whence* argument is optional and " +"defaults to ``0`` (absolute file positioning); other values are ``1`` (seek " +"relative to the current position) and ``2`` (seek relative to the file's " +"end). There is no return value. If the underlying file does not allow seek," +" only forward seeks are allowed." +msgstr "" +"设置分块的当前位置。 *whence* 参数为可选项并且默认为 ``0`` (绝对文件定位)；其他值还有 ``1`` (相对当前位置查找) 和 " +"``2`` (相对文件末尾查找)。 没有返回值。 如果下层文件不支持查找，则只允许向前查找。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:118 +msgid "Return the current position into the chunk." +msgstr "将当前位置返回到分块。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Read at most *size* bytes from the chunk (less if the read hits the end of " +"the chunk before obtaining *size* bytes). If the *size* argument is " +"negative or omitted, read all data until the end of the chunk. An empty " +"bytes object is returned when the end of the chunk is encountered " +"immediately." +msgstr "" +"从分块读取至多 *size* 个字节（如果在获得 *size* 个字节之前已到达分块末尾则读取的字节会少于此数量）。 如果 *size* " +"参数为负值或被省略，则读取所有字节直到分块末尾。 当立即遇到分块末尾则返回空字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Skip to the end of the chunk. All further calls to :meth:`read` for the " +"chunk will return ``b''``. If you are not interested in the contents of the" +" chunk, this method should be called so that the file points to the start of" +" the next chunk." +msgstr "" +"跳到分块末尾。此后对分块再次调用 :meth:`read` 将返回 ``b''``。 " +"如果你对分块的内容不感兴趣，则应当调用此方法以使文件指向下一分块的开头。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:139 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:140 +msgid "" +"\"EA IFF 85\" Standard for Interchange Format Files, Jerry Morrison, " +"Electronic Arts, January 1985." +msgstr "\"EA IFF 85\" 交换格式文件标准, Jerry Morrison, Electronic Arts, 1985 年 1 月。" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:13 +msgid "Audio Interchange File Format" +msgstr "Audio Interchange File Format" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:13 +msgid "AIFF" +msgstr "AIFF" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:13 +msgid "AIFF-C" +msgstr "AIFF-C" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:13 +msgid "Real Media File Format" +msgstr "Real Media File Format" + +#: ../../library/chunk.rst:13 +msgid "RMFF" +msgstr "RMFF" diff --git a/library/cmath.po b/library/cmath.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1600ded0 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/cmath.po @@ -0,0 +1,701 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# focusheart , 2021 +# Dingyuan Wang , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# mlpp iina , 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!cmath` --- Mathematical functions for complex numbers" +msgstr ":mod:`!cmath` --- 针对复数的数学函数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to mathematical functions for complex numbers. " +"The functions in this module accept integers, floating-point numbers or " +"complex numbers as arguments. They will also accept any Python object that " +"has either a :meth:`~object.__complex__` or a :meth:`~object.__float__` " +"method: these methods are used to convert the object to a complex or " +"floating-point number, respectively, and the function is then applied to the" +" result of the conversion." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供了一些适用于复数的数学函数。 本模块中的函数接受整数、浮点数或复数作为参数。 它们也接受任意具有 " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` 或 :meth:`~object.__float__` 方法的 Python " +"对象：这些方法分别用于将对象转换为复数或浮点数，然后再将函数应用于转换后的结果。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:18 +msgid "" +"For functions involving branch cuts, we have the problem of deciding how to " +"define those functions on the cut itself. Following Kahan's \"Branch cuts " +"for complex elementary functions\" paper, as well as Annex G of C99 and " +"later C standards, we use the sign of zero to distinguish one side of the " +"branch cut from the other: for a branch cut along (a portion of) the real " +"axis we look at the sign of the imaginary part, while for a branch cut along" +" the imaginary axis we look at the sign of the real part." +msgstr "" +"对于涉及分支切割的函数，我们会有确定如何在切割本身上定义这些函数的问题。 根据 Kahan 的论文 \"Branch cuts for complex " +"elementary functions\"，以及 C99 的附录 G 和之后的 C " +"标准，我们使用零符号来区别分支切割的一侧和另一侧：对于沿实轴（一部分）的分支切割我们要看虚部的符号，而对于沿虚轴的分支切割我们则要看实部的符号。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:26 +msgid "" +"For example, the :func:`cmath.sqrt` function has a branch cut along the " +"negative real axis. An argument of ``complex(-2.0, -0.0)`` is treated as " +"though it lies *below* the branch cut, and so gives a result on the negative" +" imaginary axis::" +msgstr "" +"例如，:func:`cmath.sqrt` 函数有一个沿着负实轴的分支切割。 参数 ``complex(-2.0, -0.0)`` " +"会被当作位于切支切割的 *下方* 来处理，因而将给出一个负虚轴上的结果。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:31 +msgid "" +">>> cmath.sqrt(complex(-2.0, -0.0))\n" +"-1.4142135623730951j" +msgstr "" +">>> cmath.sqrt(complex(-2.0, -0.0))\n" +"-1.4142135623730951j" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:34 +msgid "" +"But an argument of ``complex(-2.0, 0.0)`` is treated as though it lies above" +" the branch cut::" +msgstr "但是参数 ``complex(-2.0, 0.0)`` 则会被当作是位于支割线的上方来处理::" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:37 +msgid "" +">>> cmath.sqrt(complex(-2.0, 0.0))\n" +"1.4142135623730951j" +msgstr "" +">>> cmath.sqrt(complex(-2.0, 0.0))\n" +"1.4142135623730951j" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:42 +msgid "**Conversions to and from polar coordinates**" +msgstr "**针对极坐标的转换**" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:44 +msgid ":func:`phase(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`phase(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:44 +msgid "Return the phase of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的相位" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:45 +msgid ":func:`polar(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`polar(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:45 +msgid "Return the representation of *z* in polar coordinates" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的极坐标表示形式" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:46 +msgid ":func:`rect(r, phi) `" +msgstr ":func:`rect(r, phi) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:46 +msgid "Return the complex number *z* with polar coordinates *r* and *phi*" +msgstr "返回复数 *z* 的极坐标值 *r* 和 *phi*" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:48 +msgid "**Power and logarithmic functions**" +msgstr "**幂函数与对数函数**" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:50 +msgid ":func:`exp(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`exp(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:50 +msgid "Return *e* raised to the power *z*" +msgstr "返回 *e* 的 *z* 次幂" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:51 +msgid ":func:`log(z[, base]) `" +msgstr ":func:`log(z[, base]) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:51 +msgid "Return the logarithm of *z* to the given *base* (*e* by default)" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的指定底数 *base* (默认为 *e*) 的对数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:52 +msgid ":func:`log10(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`log10(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:52 +msgid "Return the base-10 logarithm of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的以 10 为底的对数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:53 +msgid ":func:`sqrt(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`sqrt(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:53 +msgid "Return the square root of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的平方根" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:55 +msgid "**Trigonometric functions**" +msgstr "**三角函数**" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:57 +msgid ":func:`acos(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`acos(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:57 +msgid "Return the arc cosine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反余弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:58 +msgid ":func:`asin(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`asin(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:58 +msgid "Return the arc sine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反正弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:59 +msgid ":func:`atan(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`atan(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:59 +msgid "Return the arc tangent of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反正切" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:60 +msgid ":func:`cos(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`cos(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:60 +msgid "Return the cosine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的余弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:61 +msgid ":func:`sin(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`sin(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:61 +msgid "Return the sine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的正弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:62 +msgid ":func:`tan(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`tan(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:62 +msgid "Return the tangent of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的正切" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:64 +msgid "**Hyperbolic functions**" +msgstr "**双曲函数**" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:66 +msgid ":func:`acosh(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`acosh(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:66 +msgid "Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反双曲余弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:67 +msgid ":func:`asinh(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`asinh(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:67 +msgid "Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反双曲正弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:68 +msgid ":func:`atanh(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`atanh(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:68 +msgid "Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 反双曲正切" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:69 +msgid ":func:`cosh(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`cosh(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:69 +msgid "Return the hyperbolic cosine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的双曲余弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:70 +msgid ":func:`sinh(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`sinh(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:70 +msgid "Return the hyperbolic sine of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的双曲正弦" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:71 +msgid ":func:`tanh(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`tanh(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:71 +msgid "Return the hyperbolic tangent of *z*" +msgstr "返回 *z* 的双曲正切" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:73 +msgid "**Classification functions**" +msgstr "**分类函数**" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:75 +msgid ":func:`isfinite(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`isfinite(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:75 +msgid "Check if all components of *z* are finite" +msgstr "检测是否 *z* 的所有部分均为有限值" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:76 +msgid ":func:`isinf(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`isinf(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:76 +msgid "Check if any component of *z* is infinite" +msgstr "检测是否 *z* 的每个部分均为无穷大" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:77 +msgid ":func:`isnan(z) `" +msgstr ":func:`isnan(z) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:77 +msgid "Check if any component of *z* is a NaN" +msgstr "检测是否 *z* 的每个部分均为 NaN" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:78 +msgid ":func:`isclose(a, b, *, rel_tol, abs_tol) `" +msgstr ":func:`isclose(a, b, *, rel_tol, abs_tol) `" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:78 +msgid "Check if the values *a* and *b* are close to each other" +msgstr "检查 *a* 和 *b* 的值是否彼此接近" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:80 +msgid "**Constants**" +msgstr "**常量**" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:82 +msgid ":data:`pi`" +msgstr ":data:`pi`" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:82 +msgid "*π* = 3.141592..." +msgstr "*π* = 3.141592..." + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:83 +msgid ":data:`e`" +msgstr ":data:`e`" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:83 +msgid "*e* = 2.718281..." +msgstr "*e* = 2.718281..." + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:84 +msgid ":data:`tau`" +msgstr ":data:`tau`" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:84 +msgid "*τ* = 2\\ *π* = 6.283185..." +msgstr "*τ* = 2\\ *π* = 6.283185..." + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:85 +msgid ":data:`inf`" +msgstr ":data:`inf`" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:85 +msgid "Positive infinity" +msgstr "正无穷" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:86 +msgid ":data:`infj`" +msgstr ":data:`infj`" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:86 +msgid "Pure imaginary infinity" +msgstr "纯虚部无穷" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:87 +msgid ":data:`nan`" +msgstr ":data:`nan`" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:87 +msgid "\"Not a number\" (NaN)" +msgstr "\"非数字\" (NaN)" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:88 +msgid ":data:`nanj`" +msgstr ":data:`nanj`" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:88 +msgid "Pure imaginary NaN" +msgstr "纯实部 NaN" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:93 +msgid "Conversions to and from polar coordinates" +msgstr "到极坐标和从极坐标的转换" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:95 +msgid "" +"A Python complex number ``z`` is stored internally using *rectangular* or " +"*Cartesian* coordinates. It is completely determined by its *real part* " +"``z.real`` and its *imaginary part* ``z.imag``." +msgstr "" +"Python 复数 ``z`` 是使用 *直角* 或 *笛卡尔* 坐标在内部存储的。 这完全取决于其 *实部* ``z.real`` 及其 *虚部* " +"``z.imag`` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:99 +msgid "" +"*Polar coordinates* give an alternative way to represent a complex number. " +"In polar coordinates, a complex number *z* is defined by the modulus *r* and" +" the phase angle *phi*. The modulus *r* is the distance from *z* to the " +"origin, while the phase *phi* is the counterclockwise angle, measured in " +"radians, from the positive x-axis to the line segment that joins the origin " +"to *z*." +msgstr "" +"*极坐标* 提供了另一种复数的表示方法。在极坐标中，一个复数 *z* 由模量 *r* 和相位角 *phi* 来定义。模量 *r* 是从 *z* " +"到坐标原点的距离，而相位角 *phi* 是以弧度为单位的，逆时针的，从正X轴到连接原点和 *z* 的线段间夹角的角度。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:106 +msgid "" +"The following functions can be used to convert from the native rectangular " +"coordinates to polar coordinates and back." +msgstr "下面的函数可用于原生直角坐标与极坐标的相互转换。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Return the phase of *z* (also known as the *argument* of *z*), as a float. " +"``phase(z)`` is equivalent to ``math.atan2(z.imag, z.real)``. The result " +"lies in the range [-\\ *π*, *π*], and the branch cut for this operation lies" +" along the negative real axis. The sign of the result is the same as the " +"sign of ``z.imag``, even when ``z.imag`` is zero::" +msgstr "" +"将 *z* 的相位 (或称 *z* 的 *参数*) 作为一个浮点数返回。 ``phase(z)`` 等价于 ``math.atan2(z.imag, " +"z.real)``。 结果将位于 [-\\ *π*, *π*] 范围内，且此操作的支割线将位于负实轴上。 结果的正负号将与 ``z.imag`` " +"的正负号相同，即使 ``z.imag`` 值为零::" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:117 +msgid "" +">>> phase(complex(-1.0, 0.0))\n" +"3.141592653589793\n" +">>> phase(complex(-1.0, -0.0))\n" +"-3.141592653589793" +msgstr "" +">>> phase(complex(-1.0, 0.0))\n" +"3.141592653589793\n" +">>> phase(complex(-1.0, -0.0))\n" +"-3.141592653589793" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:125 +msgid "" +"The modulus (absolute value) of a complex number *z* can be computed using " +"the built-in :func:`abs` function. There is no separate :mod:`cmath` module" +" function for this operation." +msgstr "" +"一个复数 *z* 的模数（绝对值）可以使用内置的 :func:`abs` 函数来计算。 没有用于此操作的单独的 :mod:`cmath` 模块函数。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Return the representation of *z* in polar coordinates. Returns a pair ``(r," +" phi)`` where *r* is the modulus of *z* and *phi* is the phase of *z*. " +"``polar(z)`` is equivalent to ``(abs(z), phase(z))``." +msgstr "" +"返回在极坐标中 *z* 的表示形式。 返回一个数值对 ``(r, phi)`` 其中 *r* 是 *z* 的模数而 *phi* 是 *z* 的相位。 " +"``polar(z)`` 等价于 ``(abs(z), phase(z))``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Return the complex number *z* with polar coordinates *r* and *phi*. " +"Equivalent to ``complex(r * math.cos(phi), r * math.sin(phi))``." +msgstr "" +"将复数 *z* 返回为极坐标 *r* 和 *phi* 形式。 等价于 ``complex(r * math.cos(phi), r * " +"math.sin(phi))``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:145 +msgid "Power and logarithmic functions" +msgstr "幂函数与对数函数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Return *e* raised to the power *z*, where *e* is the base of natural " +"logarithms." +msgstr "返回 *e* 的 *z* 次方，其中 *e* 是自然对数的底数。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Return the logarithm of *z* to the given *base*. If the *base* is not " +"specified, returns the natural logarithm of *z*. There is one branch cut, " +"from 0 along the negative real axis to -∞." +msgstr "" +"返回 *z* 的以给定的 *base* 为底的对数。 如果没有指定 *base*，则返回 *z* 的自然对数。 存在一条支割线，即沿着负实轴从 0 到 " +"-∞。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Return the base-10 logarithm of *z*. This has the same branch cut as " +":func:`log`." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的以 10 为底的对数。 它具有与 :func:`log` 相同的支割线。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Return the square root of *z*. This has the same branch cut as :func:`log`." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的平方根。 它具有与 :func:`log` 相同的支割线。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:172 +msgid "Trigonometric functions" +msgstr "三角函数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Return the arc cosine of *z*. There are two branch cuts: One extends right " +"from 1 along the real axis to ∞. The other extends left from -1 along the " +"real axis to -∞." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反余弦。 存在两条支割线：一条沿着实轴从 1 到 ∞。 另一条沿着实轴从 -1 向左延伸到 -∞。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Return the arc sine of *z*. This has the same branch cuts as :func:`acos`." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反正弦。 它具有与 :func:`acos` 相同的支割线。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Return the arc tangent of *z*. There are two branch cuts: One extends from " +"``1j`` along the imaginary axis to ``∞j``. The other extends from ``-1j`` " +"along the imaginary axis to ``-∞j``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *z* 的反正切。 存在两条支割线：一条沿着虚轴从 ``1j`` 到 ``∞j``。 另一条沿着虚轴从 ``-1j`` 延伸到 ``-∞j``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:195 +msgid "Return the cosine of *z*." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的余弦。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:200 +msgid "Return the sine of *z*." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的正弦。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:205 +msgid "Return the tangent of *z*." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的正切。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:209 +msgid "Hyperbolic functions" +msgstr "双曲函数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of *z*. There is one branch cut, " +"extending left from 1 along the real axis to -∞." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的反双曲余弦。 存在一条支割线，沿着实轴从 1 向左延伸到 -∞。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of *z*. There are two branch cuts: One " +"extends from ``1j`` along the imaginary axis to ``∞j``. The other extends " +"from ``-1j`` along the imaginary axis to ``-∞j``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *z* 的反双曲正弦。 存在两条支割线：一条沿着虚轴从 ``1j`` 注册会计师到 ``∞j``。 另一条沿着虚轴从 ``-1j`` 延伸到 " +"``-∞j``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of *z*. There are two branch cuts: One" +" extends from ``1`` along the real axis to ``∞``. The other extends from " +"``-1`` along the real axis to ``-∞``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *z* 的反双曲正切。 存在两条支割线：一条沿着实轴从 ``1`` 延伸到 ``∞``。 另一条沿着实轴从 ``-1`` 延伸到 ``-∞``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:233 +msgid "Return the hyperbolic cosine of *z*." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的双曲余弦。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:238 +msgid "Return the hyperbolic sine of *z*." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的双曲正弦。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:243 +msgid "Return the hyperbolic tangent of *z*." +msgstr "返回 *z* 的双曲正切。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:247 +msgid "Classification functions" +msgstr "分类函数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if both the real and imaginary parts of *z* are finite, and " +"``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果 *z* 的实部和虚部均为有限值则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if either the real or the imaginary part of *z* is an " +"infinity, and ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果 *z* 的实部或虚部为无穷大则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:265 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if either the real or the imaginary part of *z* is a NaN, " +"and ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果 *z* 的实部或虚部为 NaN 则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:271 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the values *a* and *b* are close to each other and " +"``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "若 *a* 和 *b* 的值比较接近则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:274 +msgid "" +"Whether or not two values are considered close is determined according to " +"given absolute and relative tolerances. If no errors occur, the result will" +" be: ``abs(a-b) <= max(rel_tol * max(abs(a), abs(b)), abs_tol)``." +msgstr "" +"两个值是否会被视为相近是根据给定的绝对和相对容差来确定的。 如果未发生错误，结果将为: ``abs(a-b) <= max(rel_tol * " +"max(abs(a), abs(b)), abs_tol)``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:278 +msgid "" +"*rel_tol* is the relative tolerance -- it is the maximum allowed difference " +"between *a* and *b*, relative to the larger absolute value of *a* or *b*. " +"For example, to set a tolerance of 5%, pass ``rel_tol=0.05``. The default " +"tolerance is ``1e-09``, which assures that the two values are the same " +"within about 9 decimal digits. *rel_tol* must be nonnegative and less than " +"``1.0``." +msgstr "" +"*rel_tol* 是相对容差 -- 它是 *a* 和 *b* 之间的最大允许差值，相对于 *a* 或 *b* 中绝对值较大的一个而言。 例如，要设置 " +"5% 的容差，则传入 ``rel_tol=0.05``。 默认的容差为 ``1e-09``，这将确保两个值在大约 9 个十进制数位内是相同的。 " +"*rel_tol* 必须为非负值并且小于 ``1.0``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:285 +msgid "" +"*abs_tol* is the absolute tolerance; it defaults to ``0.0`` and it must be " +"nonnegative. When comparing ``x`` to ``0.0``, ``isclose(x, 0)`` is computed" +" as ``abs(x) <= rel_tol * abs(x)``, which is ``False`` for any ``x`` and " +"rel_tol less than ``1.0``. So add an appropriate positive abs_tol argument " +"to the call." +msgstr "" +"*abs_tol* 是绝对容差；其默认值为 ``0.0`` 并且必须为非负值。 当将 ``x`` 与 ``0.0`` 比较时，``isclose(x, " +"0)`` 将按 ``abs(x) <= rel_tol * abs(x)`` 来计算，对于 ``x`` 和小于 ``1.0`` 的 rel_tol " +"来说均为 ``False``。 因此请为该调用添一个为适当正值的 abs_tol。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:291 +msgid "" +"The IEEE 754 special values of ``NaN``, ``inf``, and ``-inf`` will be " +"handled according to IEEE rules. Specifically, ``NaN`` is not considered " +"close to any other value, including ``NaN``. ``inf`` and ``-inf`` are only " +"considered close to themselves." +msgstr "" +"IEEE 754特殊值 ``NaN`` ， ``inf`` 和 ``-inf`` 将根据IEEE规则处理。具体来说， ``NaN`` " +"不被认为接近任何其他值，包括 ``NaN`` 。 ``inf`` 和 ``-inf`` 只被认为接近自己。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:300 +msgid ":pep:`485` -- A function for testing approximate equality" +msgstr ":pep:`485` —— 用于测试近似相等的函数" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:304 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:308 +msgid "The mathematical constant *π*, as a float." +msgstr "数学常数 *π* ，作为一个浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:313 +msgid "The mathematical constant *e*, as a float." +msgstr "数学常数 *e* ，作为一个浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:318 +msgid "The mathematical constant *τ*, as a float." +msgstr "数学常数 *τ* ，作为一个浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:325 +msgid "Floating-point positive infinity. Equivalent to ``float('inf')``." +msgstr "浮点正无穷大。相当于 ``float('inf')``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Complex number with zero real part and positive infinity imaginary part. " +"Equivalent to ``complex(0.0, float('inf'))``." +msgstr "具有零实部和正无穷虚部的复数。相当于 ``complex(0.0, float('inf'))``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:340 +msgid "" +"A floating-point \"not a number\" (NaN) value. Equivalent to " +"``float('nan')``." +msgstr "浮点“非数字”（NaN）值。相当于 ``float('nan')``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:348 +msgid "" +"Complex number with zero real part and NaN imaginary part. Equivalent to " +"``complex(0.0, float('nan'))``." +msgstr "具有零实部和 NaN 虚部的复数。相当于 ``complex(0.0, float('nan'))``。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:356 +msgid "" +"Note that the selection of functions is similar, but not identical, to that " +"in module :mod:`math`. The reason for having two modules is that some users" +" aren't interested in complex numbers, and perhaps don't even know what they" +" are. They would rather have ``math.sqrt(-1)`` raise an exception than " +"return a complex number. Also note that the functions defined in " +":mod:`cmath` always return a complex number, even if the answer can be " +"expressed as a real number (in which case the complex number has an " +"imaginary part of zero)." +msgstr "" +"请注意，函数的选择与模块 :mod:`math` 中的函数选择相似，但不完全相同。 " +"拥有两个模块的原因是因为有些用户对复数不感兴趣，甚至根本不知道它们是什么。它们宁愿 ``math.sqrt(-1)`` 引发异常，也不想返回一个复数。 " +"另请注意，被 :mod:`cmath` 定义的函数始终会返回一个复数，尽管答案可以表示为一个实数（在这种情况下，复数的虚数部分为零）。" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:364 +msgid "" +"A note on branch cuts: They are curves along which the given function fails " +"to be continuous. They are a necessary feature of many complex functions. " +"It is assumed that if you need to compute with complex functions, you will " +"understand about branch cuts. Consult almost any (not too elementary) book " +"on complex variables for enlightenment. For information of the proper " +"choice of branch cuts for numerical purposes, a good reference should be the" +" following:" +msgstr "" +"关于支割线的注释：它们是沿着给定函数无法连续的曲线。它们是许多复变函数的必要特征。 假设您需要使用复变函数进行计算，您将会了解支割线的概念。 " +"请参阅几乎所有关于复变函数的（不太基本）的书来获得启发。 对于如何正确地基于数值目的来选择支割线的相关信息，一个良好的参考如下：" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Kahan, W: Branch cuts for complex elementary functions; or, Much ado about " +"nothing's sign bit. In Iserles, A., and Powell, M. (eds.), The state of the" +" art in numerical analysis. Clarendon Press (1987) pp165--211." +msgstr "" +"Kahan, W: Branch cuts for complex elementary functions; or, Much ado about " +"nothing's sign bit. In Iserles, A., and Powell, M. (eds.), The state of the " +"art in numerical analysis. Clarendon Press (1987) pp165--211." + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:354 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/cmath.rst:354 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" diff --git a/library/cmd.po b/library/cmd.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21f0b1868 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/cmd.po @@ -0,0 +1,668 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# YIZHU LIN <897735626@qq.com>, 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!cmd` --- Support for line-oriented command interpreters" +msgstr ":mod:`!cmd` --- 对面向行的命令解释器的支持" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/cmd.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/cmd.py`" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Cmd` class provides a simple framework for writing line-oriented" +" command interpreters. These are often useful for test harnesses, " +"administrative tools, and prototypes that will later be wrapped in a more " +"sophisticated interface." +msgstr "" +":class:`Cmd` 类提供简单框架用于编写面向行的命令解释器。 这些通常对测试工具，管理工具和原型有用，这些工具随后将被包含在更复杂的接口中。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:20 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Cmd` instance or subclass instance is a line-oriented interpreter " +"framework. There is no good reason to instantiate :class:`Cmd` itself; " +"rather, it's useful as a superclass of an interpreter class you define " +"yourself in order to inherit :class:`Cmd`'s methods and encapsulate action " +"methods." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`Cmd` 实例或子类实例是面向行的解释器框架结构。 实例化 :class:`Cmd` 本身是没有充分理由的， " +"它作为自定义解释器类的超类是非常有用的为了继承 :class:`Cmd` 的方法并且封装动作方法。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *completekey* is the :mod:`readline` name of a " +"completion key; it defaults to :kbd:`Tab`. If *completekey* is not " +":const:`None` and :mod:`readline` is available, command completion is done " +"automatically." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *completekey* 是完成键的 :mod:`readline` 名称；默认是 :kbd:`Tab` 。如果 *completekey*" +" 不是 :const:`None` 并且 :mod:`readline` 是可用的， 命令完成会自动完成。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The default, ``'tab'``, is treated specially, so that it refers to the " +":kbd:`Tab` key on every :data:`readline.backend`. Specifically, if " +":data:`readline.backend` is ``editline``, ``Cmd`` will use ``'^I'`` instead " +"of ``'tab'``. Note that other values are not treated this way, and might " +"only work with a specific backend." +msgstr "" +"默认值 ``'tab'`` 会被特殊对待，以使其在任何 :data:`readline.backend` 上都指向 :kbd:`Tab` 键。 " +"根据特殊规则，如果 :data:`readline.backend` 是 ``editline``，``Cmd`` 将使用 ``'^I'`` 而不是 " +"``'tab'``。 请注意其它的值不会以这种方式来处理，并可能仅适用于特定的后端。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The optional arguments *stdin* and *stdout* specify the input and output " +"file objects that the Cmd instance or subclass instance will use for input " +"and output. If not specified, they will default to :data:`sys.stdin` and " +":data:`sys.stdout`." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *stdin* 和 *stdout* 指定了Cmd实例或子类实例将用于输入和输出的输入和输出文件对象。如果没有指定，他们将默认为 " +":data:`sys.stdin` 和 :data:`sys.stdout` 。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:41 +msgid "" +"If you want a given *stdin* to be used, make sure to set the instance's " +":attr:`use_rawinput` attribute to ``False``, otherwise *stdin* will be " +"ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要使用一个给定的 *stdin* ，确保将实例的 :attr:`use_rawinput` 属性设置为 ``False`` ，否则 " +"*stdin* 将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:45 +msgid "``completekey='tab'`` is replaced by ``'^I'`` for ``editline``." +msgstr "对于 ``editline`` 来说 ``completekey='tab'`` 将被替换为 ``'^I'``。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:52 +msgid "Cmd Objects" +msgstr "Cmd 对象" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:54 +msgid "A :class:`Cmd` instance has the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Cmd` 实例有下列方法：" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Repeatedly issue a prompt, accept input, parse an initial prefix off the " +"received input, and dispatch to action methods, passing them the remainder " +"of the line as argument." +msgstr "反复发出提示，接受输入，从收到的输入中解析出一个初始前缀，并分派给操作方法，将其余的行作为参数传递给它们。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The optional argument is a banner or intro string to be issued before the " +"first prompt (this overrides the :attr:`intro` class attribute)." +msgstr "可选参数是在第一个提示之前发布的横幅或介绍字符串（这将覆盖 :attr:`intro` 类属性）。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:66 +msgid "" +"If the :mod:`readline` module is loaded, input will automatically inherit " +":program:`bash`\\ -like history-list editing (e.g. :kbd:`Control-P` scrolls " +"back to the last command, :kbd:`Control-N` forward to the next one, " +":kbd:`Control-F` moves the cursor to the right non-destructively, " +":kbd:`Control-B` moves the cursor to the left non-destructively, etc.)." +msgstr "" +"如果 :mod:`readline` 继承模块被加载，输入将自动继承类似 :program:`bash`\\ 的历史列表编辑（例如， " +":kbd:`Control-P` 滚动回到最后一个命令， :kbd:`Control-N` 转到下一个命令，以 :kbd:`Control-F` " +"非破坏性的方式向右 :kbd:`Control-B` 移动光标，破坏性地等）。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:72 +msgid "An end-of-file on input is passed back as the string ``'EOF'``." +msgstr "输入的文件结束符被作为字符串传回 ``'EOF'`` 。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:78 +msgid "" +"An interpreter instance will recognize a command name ``foo`` if and only if" +" it has a method :meth:`!do_foo`. As a special case, a line beginning with " +"the character ``'?'`` is dispatched to the method :meth:`do_help`. As " +"another special case, a line beginning with the character ``'!'`` is " +"dispatched to the method :meth:`!do_shell` (if such a method is defined)." +msgstr "" +"当且仅当命令名称 ``foo`` 具有 :meth:`!do_foo` 方法时解释器实例才会识别它。 存在一种特殊情况，以字符 ``'?'`` " +"开头的行将被分派给 :meth:`do_help` 方法。 还存在另一种特殊情况，以字符 ``'!'`` 开头的行将被分派给 " +":meth:`!do_shell` 方法（如果定义了该方法的话）。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:84 +msgid "" +"This method will return when the :meth:`postcmd` method returns a true " +"value. The *stop* argument to :meth:`postcmd` is the return value from the " +"command's corresponding :meth:`!do_\\*` method." +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`postcmd` 方法返回真值时此方法将返回。 :meth:`postcmd` 的 *stop* 参数是命令对应的 " +":meth:`!do_\\*` 方法的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:88 +msgid "" +"If completion is enabled, completing commands will be done automatically, " +"and completing of commands args is done by calling :meth:`!complete_foo` " +"with arguments *text*, *line*, *begidx*, and *endidx*. *text* is the string" +" prefix we are attempting to match: all returned matches must begin with it." +" *line* is the current input line with leading whitespace removed, *begidx* " +"and *endidx* are the beginning and ending indexes of the prefix text, which " +"could be used to provide different completion depending upon which position " +"the argument is in." +msgstr "" +"如果启用了补全，则会自动完成命令的补全，命令参数的补全则是通过调用 :meth:`!complete_foo` 并附带参数 *text*, " +"*line*, *begidx* 和 *endidx* 来完成的。 *text* 是我们要尝试匹配的字符串前缀：所有被返回的匹配必须以它为开头。 " +"*line* 是去除了开头空白符的当前输入行，*begidx* 和 *endidx* " +"是前缀文本的开始和结束索引号，它们可被用来根据参数所在的位置提供不同的补全。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:99 +msgid "" +"All subclasses of :class:`Cmd` inherit a predefined :meth:`!do_help`. This " +"method, called with an argument ``'bar'``, invokes the corresponding method " +":meth:`!help_bar`, and if that is not present, prints the docstring of " +":meth:`!do_bar`, if available. With no argument, :meth:`!do_help` lists all" +" available help topics (that is, all commands with corresponding " +":meth:`!help_\\*` methods or commands that have docstrings), and also lists " +"any undocumented commands." +msgstr "" +"所有 :class:`Cmd` 的子类都继承了一个预定义的 :meth:`!do_help`。 调用该方法时传入一个参数 " +"``'bar'``，将唤起对应的方法 :meth:`!help_bar`，如果该方法不存在，则将打印 :meth:`!do_bar` " +"的文档字符串，如果有文档字符串的话。 在没有参数的情况下，:meth:`!do_help` 将列出所有可用的帮助主题（即任何具有对应的 " +":meth:`!help_\\*` 方法的命令或具有文档字符串的命令），还会列出任何未写入文档的命令。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Interpret the argument as though it had been typed in response to the " +"prompt. This may be overridden, but should not normally need to be; see the " +":meth:`precmd` and :meth:`postcmd` methods for useful execution hooks. The " +"return value is a flag indicating whether interpretation of commands by the " +"interpreter should stop. If there is a :meth:`!do_\\*` method for the " +"command *str*, the return value of that method is returned, otherwise the " +"return value from the :meth:`default` method is returned." +msgstr "" +"解释该参数就好像它是为响应提示而键入的一样。 此方法可以被重写，但通常不需要这样做；请参阅针对有用的执行钩子的 :meth:`precmd` 和 " +":meth:`postcmd` 方法。 返回值是一个指明解释器对命令的解释是否应停止的旗标。 如果对于命令 *str* 存在 " +":meth:`!do_\\*` 方法，则将返回该方法的返回值，否则将返回 :meth:`default` 方法的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Method called when an empty line is entered in response to the prompt. If " +"this method is not overridden, it repeats the last nonempty command entered." +msgstr "在响应提示输入空行时调用的方法。如果此方法未被覆盖，则重复输入的最后一个非空命令。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Method called on an input line when the command prefix is not recognized. If" +" this method is not overridden, it prints an error message and returns." +msgstr "当命令前缀不能被识别的时候在输入行调用的方法。如果此方法未被覆盖，它将输出一个错误信息并返回。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Method called to complete an input line when no command-specific " +":meth:`!complete_\\*` method is available. By default, it returns an empty " +"list." +msgstr "当没有命令专属的 :meth:`!complete_\\*` 方法可供使用时将被调用以完成输入行的方法。 在默认情况下，它将返回一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Method called to display a list of strings as a compact set of columns. Each" +" column is only as wide as necessary. Columns are separated by two spaces " +"for readability." +msgstr "调用以将一个字符串列表显示为紧凑的列集的方法。 每列的宽度仅够显示其内容。 各列之间以两个空格分隔以保证可读性。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Hook method executed just before the command line *line* is interpreted, but" +" after the input prompt is generated and issued. This method is a stub in " +":class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses. The return value is" +" used as the command which will be executed by the :meth:`onecmd` method; " +"the :meth:`precmd` implementation may re-write the command or simply return " +"*line* unchanged." +msgstr "" +"钩方法在命令行 *line* 被解释之前执行，但是在输入提示被生成和发出后。这个方法是一个在 :class:`Cmd` " +"中的存根；它的存在是为了被子类覆盖。返回值被用作 :meth:`onecmd` 方法执行的命令； :meth:`precmd` " +"的实现或许会重写命令或者简单的返回 *line* 不变。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Hook method executed just after a command dispatch is finished. This method" +" is a stub in :class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses. " +"*line* is the command line which was executed, and *stop* is a flag which " +"indicates whether execution will be terminated after the call to " +":meth:`postcmd`; this will be the return value of the :meth:`onecmd` method." +" The return value of this method will be used as the new value for the " +"internal flag which corresponds to *stop*; returning false will cause " +"interpretation to continue." +msgstr "" +"钩方法只在命令调度完成后执行。这个方法是一个在 :class:`Cmd` 中的存根；它的存在是为了子类被覆盖。 *line* 是被执行的命令行， " +"*stop* 是一个表示在调用 :meth:`postcmd` 之后是否终止执行的标志；这将作为 :meth:`onecmd` " +"方法的返回值。这个方法的返回值被用作与 *stop* 相关联的内部标志的新值；返回 false 将导致解释继续。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Hook method executed once when :meth:`cmdloop` is called. This method is a " +"stub in :class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses." +msgstr "钩方法当 :meth:`cmdloop` 被调用时执行一次。方法是一个在 :class:`Cmd` 中的存根；它的存在是为了被子类覆盖。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Hook method executed once when :meth:`cmdloop` is about to return. This " +"method is a stub in :class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses." +msgstr "" +"钩方法在 :meth:`cmdloop` 即将返回时执行一次。这个方法是一个在 :class:`Cmd` 中的存根；它的存在是为了被子类覆盖。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`Cmd` subclasses have some public instance variables:" +msgstr " :class:`Cmd` 的子类的实例有一些公共实例变量：" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:181 +msgid "The prompt issued to solicit input." +msgstr "发出提示以请求输入。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:186 +msgid "The string of characters accepted for the command prefix." +msgstr "接受命令前缀的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:191 +msgid "The last nonempty command prefix seen." +msgstr "看到最后一个非空命令前缀。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:196 +msgid "" +"A list of queued input lines. The cmdqueue list is checked in " +":meth:`cmdloop` when new input is needed; if it is nonempty, its elements " +"will be processed in order, as if entered at the prompt." +msgstr "" +"排队的输入行列表。当需要新的输入时，在 :meth:`cmdloop` 中检查 cmdqueue " +"列表；如果它不是空的，它的元素将被按顺序处理，就像在提示符处输入一样。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:203 +msgid "" +"A string to issue as an intro or banner. May be overridden by giving the " +":meth:`cmdloop` method an argument." +msgstr "要作为简介或横幅发出的字符串。 可以通过给 :meth:`cmdloop` 方法一个参数来覆盖它。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:209 +msgid "" +"The header to issue if the help output has a section for documented " +"commands." +msgstr "如果帮助输出具有记录命令的段落，则发出头文件。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:214 +msgid "" +"The header to issue if the help output has a section for miscellaneous help" +" topics (that is, there are :meth:`!help_\\*` methods without corresponding " +":meth:`!do_\\*` methods)." +msgstr "" +"如果帮助输出包含一个杂项帮助主题小节时（也就是说，存在没有对应 :meth:`!do_\\*` 方法的 :meth:`!help_\\*` " +"方法）要发出的标题。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:221 +msgid "" +"The header to issue if the help output has a section for undocumented " +"commands (that is, there are :meth:`!do_\\*` methods without corresponding " +":meth:`!help_\\*` methods)." +msgstr "" +"如果帮助输出包含一个未写入文档的命令小节时（也就是说，存在没有对应 :meth:`!help_\\*` 方法的 :meth:`!do_\\*` " +"方法）要发出的标题。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:228 +msgid "" +"The character used to draw separator lines under the help-message headers. " +"If empty, no ruler line is drawn. It defaults to ``'='``." +msgstr "用于在帮助信息标题的下方绘制分隔符的字符，如果为空，则不绘制标尺线。这个字符默认是 ``'='`` 。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:234 +msgid "" +"A flag, defaulting to true. If true, :meth:`cmdloop` uses :func:`input` to " +"display a prompt and read the next command; if false, " +":data:`sys.stdout.write() ` and :data:`sys.stdin.readline() " +"` are used. (This means that by importing :mod:`readline`, on " +"systems that support it, the interpreter will automatically support " +":program:`Emacs`\\ -like line editing and command-history keystrokes.)" +msgstr "" +"一个旗标，默认为真值。 如为真值，:meth:`cmdloop` 将使用 :func:`input` 显示一条提示并读取下一个命令；如为假值，则将使用 " +":data:`sys.stdout.write() ` 和 :data:`sys.stdin.readline() " +"`。 （这意味着通过在受支持的系统上导入 :mod:`readline`，解释器将自动支持类似 :program:`Emacs` " +"的行编辑和命令历史按键操作。）" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:244 +msgid "Cmd Example" +msgstr "Cmd 例子" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:248 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cmd` module is mainly useful for building custom shells that let a" +" user work with a program interactively." +msgstr " :mod:`cmd` 模块主要被用于构建自定义 shell 让用户以交互的方式使用一个程序。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:251 +msgid "" +"This section presents a simple example of how to build a shell around a few " +"of the commands in the :mod:`turtle` module." +msgstr "这部分提供了一个简单的例子来介绍如何使用一部分在 :mod:`turtle` 模块中的命令构建一个 shell 。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Basic turtle commands such as :meth:`~turtle.forward` are added to a " +":class:`Cmd` subclass with method named :meth:`!do_forward`. The argument " +"is converted to a number and dispatched to the turtle module. The docstring" +" is used in the help utility provided by the shell." +msgstr "" +"基本 turtle 命令比如 :meth:`~turtle.forward` 将被添加到一个具有名为 :meth:`!do_forward` 的方法的 " +":class:`Cmd` 子类。 参数将被转换为数字并发送给 turtle 模块。 文档字符串将被用于 shell 所提供的帮助工具。" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The example also includes a basic record and playback facility implemented " +"with the :meth:`~Cmd.precmd` method which is responsible for converting the " +"input to lowercase and writing the commands to a file. The " +":meth:`!do_playback` method reads the file and adds the recorded commands to" +" the :attr:`~Cmd.cmdqueue` for immediate playback::" +msgstr "" +"该示例还包括一个通过 :meth:`~Cmd.precmd` 方法实现的基本录制和回放工具，这个方法负责将输入转换为小写形式并将命令写入到文件。 " +":meth:`!do_playback` 方法将读取文件并将被录制的命令添加到 :attr:`~Cmd.cmdqueue` 用于立即回放::" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:265 +msgid "" +"import cmd, sys\n" +"from turtle import *\n" +"\n" +"class TurtleShell(cmd.Cmd):\n" +" intro = 'Welcome to the turtle shell. Type help or ? to list commands.\\n'\n" +" prompt = '(turtle) '\n" +" file = None\n" +"\n" +" # ----- basic turtle commands -----\n" +" def do_forward(self, arg):\n" +" 'Move the turtle forward by the specified distance: FORWARD 10'\n" +" forward(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_right(self, arg):\n" +" 'Turn turtle right by given number of degrees: RIGHT 20'\n" +" right(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_left(self, arg):\n" +" 'Turn turtle left by given number of degrees: LEFT 90'\n" +" left(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_goto(self, arg):\n" +" 'Move turtle to an absolute position with changing orientation. GOTO 100 200'\n" +" goto(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_home(self, arg):\n" +" 'Return turtle to the home position: HOME'\n" +" home()\n" +" def do_circle(self, arg):\n" +" 'Draw circle with given radius an options extent and steps: CIRCLE 50'\n" +" circle(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_position(self, arg):\n" +" 'Print the current turtle position: POSITION'\n" +" print('Current position is %d %d\\n' % position())\n" +" def do_heading(self, arg):\n" +" 'Print the current turtle heading in degrees: HEADING'\n" +" print('Current heading is %d\\n' % (heading(),))\n" +" def do_color(self, arg):\n" +" 'Set the color: COLOR BLUE'\n" +" color(arg.lower())\n" +" def do_undo(self, arg):\n" +" 'Undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action(s): UNDO'\n" +" def do_reset(self, arg):\n" +" 'Clear the screen and return turtle to center: RESET'\n" +" reset()\n" +" def do_bye(self, arg):\n" +" 'Stop recording, close the turtle window, and exit: BYE'\n" +" print('Thank you for using Turtle')\n" +" self.close()\n" +" bye()\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +" # ----- record and playback -----\n" +" def do_record(self, arg):\n" +" 'Save future commands to filename: RECORD rose.cmd'\n" +" self.file = open(arg, 'w')\n" +" def do_playback(self, arg):\n" +" 'Playback commands from a file: PLAYBACK rose.cmd'\n" +" self.close()\n" +" with open(arg) as f:\n" +" self.cmdqueue.extend(f.read().splitlines())\n" +" def precmd(self, line):\n" +" line = line.lower()\n" +" if self.file and 'playback' not in line:\n" +" print(line, file=self.file)\n" +" return line\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" if self.file:\n" +" self.file.close()\n" +" self.file = None\n" +"\n" +"def parse(arg):\n" +" 'Convert a series of zero or more numbers to an argument tuple'\n" +" return tuple(map(int, arg.split()))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" TurtleShell().cmdloop()" +msgstr "" +"import cmd, sys\n" +"from turtle import *\n" +"\n" +"class TurtleShell(cmd.Cmd):\n" +" intro = 'Welcome to the turtle shell. Type help or ? to list commands.\\n'\n" +" prompt = '(turtle) '\n" +" file = None\n" +"\n" +" # ----- 基本 turtle 命令 -----\n" +" def do_forward(self, arg):\n" +" 'Move the turtle forward by the specified distance: FORWARD 10'\n" +" forward(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_right(self, arg):\n" +" 'Turn turtle right by given number of degrees: RIGHT 20'\n" +" right(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_left(self, arg):\n" +" 'Turn turtle left by given number of degrees: LEFT 90'\n" +" left(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_goto(self, arg):\n" +" 'Move turtle to an absolute position with changing orientation. GOTO 100 200'\n" +" goto(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_home(self, arg):\n" +" 'Return turtle to the home position: HOME'\n" +" home()\n" +" def do_circle(self, arg):\n" +" 'Draw circle with given radius an options extent and steps: CIRCLE 50'\n" +" circle(*parse(arg))\n" +" def do_position(self, arg):\n" +" 'Print the current turtle position: POSITION'\n" +" print('Current position is %d %d\\n' % position())\n" +" def do_heading(self, arg):\n" +" 'Print the current turtle heading in degrees: HEADING'\n" +" print('Current heading is %d\\n' % (heading(),))\n" +" def do_color(self, arg):\n" +" 'Set the color: COLOR BLUE'\n" +" color(arg.lower())\n" +" def do_undo(self, arg):\n" +" 'Undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action(s): UNDO'\n" +" def do_reset(self, arg):\n" +" 'Clear the screen and return turtle to center: RESET'\n" +" reset()\n" +" def do_bye(self, arg):\n" +" 'Stop recording, close the turtle window, and exit: BYE'\n" +" print('Thank you for using Turtle')\n" +" self.close()\n" +" bye()\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +" # ----- 记录和回放 -----\n" +" def do_record(self, arg):\n" +" 'Save future commands to filename: RECORD rose.cmd'\n" +" self.file = open(arg, 'w')\n" +" def do_playback(self, arg):\n" +" 'Playback commands from a file: PLAYBACK rose.cmd'\n" +" self.close()\n" +" with open(arg) as f:\n" +" self.cmdqueue.extend(f.read().splitlines())\n" +" def precmd(self, line):\n" +" line = line.lower()\n" +" if self.file and 'playback' not in line:\n" +" print(line, file=self.file)\n" +" return line\n" +" def close(self):\n" +" if self.file:\n" +" self.file.close()\n" +" self.file = None\n" +"\n" +"def parse(arg):\n" +" 'Convert a series of zero or more numbers to an argument tuple'\n" +" return tuple(map(int, arg.split()))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" TurtleShell().cmdloop()" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:340 +msgid "" +"Here is a sample session with the turtle shell showing the help functions, " +"using blank lines to repeat commands, and the simple record and playback " +"facility:" +msgstr "这是一个示例会话，其中 turtle shell 显示帮助功能，使用空行重复命令，以及简单的记录和回放功能：" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:343 +msgid "" +"Welcome to the turtle shell. Type help or ? to list commands.\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) ?\n" +"\n" +"Documented commands (type help ):\n" +"========================================\n" +"bye color goto home playback record right\n" +"circle forward heading left position reset undo\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) help forward\n" +"Move the turtle forward by the specified distance: FORWARD 10\n" +"(turtle) record spiral.cmd\n" +"(turtle) position\n" +"Current position is 0 0\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) heading\n" +"Current heading is 0\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) reset\n" +"(turtle) circle 20\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 40\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 60\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 80\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 100\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 120\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 120\n" +"(turtle) heading\n" +"Current heading is 180\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) forward 100\n" +"(turtle)\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 100\n" +"(turtle)\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 400\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 500\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 400\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 300\n" +"(turtle) playback spiral.cmd\n" +"Current position is 0 0\n" +"\n" +"Current heading is 0\n" +"\n" +"Current heading is 180\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) bye\n" +"Thank you for using Turtle" +msgstr "" +"Welcome to the turtle shell. Type help or ? to list commands.\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) ?\n" +"\n" +"Documented commands (type help ):\n" +"========================================\n" +"bye color goto home playback record right\n" +"circle forward heading left position reset undo\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) help forward\n" +"Move the turtle forward by the specified distance: FORWARD 10\n" +"(turtle) record spiral.cmd\n" +"(turtle) position\n" +"Current position is 0 0\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) heading\n" +"Current heading is 0\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) reset\n" +"(turtle) circle 20\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 40\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 60\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 80\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 100\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 120\n" +"(turtle) right 30\n" +"(turtle) circle 120\n" +"(turtle) heading\n" +"Current heading is 180\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) forward 100\n" +"(turtle)\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 100\n" +"(turtle)\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 400\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 500\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 400\n" +"(turtle) right 90\n" +"(turtle) forward 300\n" +"(turtle) playback spiral.cmd\n" +"Current position is 0 0\n" +"\n" +"Current heading is 0\n" +"\n" +"Current heading is 180\n" +"\n" +"(turtle) bye\n" +"Thank you for using Turtle" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:74 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:74 +msgid "in a command interpreter" +msgstr "在命令解释器中" + +#: ../../library/cmd.rst:74 +msgid "! (exclamation)" +msgstr "! (感叹号)" diff --git a/library/cmdline.po b/library/cmdline.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c56b635b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/cmdline.po @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-10-13 14:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:3 +msgid "Modules command-line interface (CLI)" +msgstr "模块命令行界面（CLI）" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:5 +msgid "The following modules have a command-line interface." +msgstr "下列模块具有命令行界面。" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:7 +msgid ":ref:`ast `" +msgstr ":ref:`ast `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:8 +msgid ":ref:`asyncio `" +msgstr ":ref:`asyncio `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:9 +msgid ":mod:`base64`" +msgstr ":mod:`base64`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:10 +msgid ":ref:`calendar `" +msgstr ":ref:`calendar `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`code`" +msgstr ":mod:`code`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:12 +msgid ":ref:`compileall `" +msgstr ":ref:`compileall `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:13 +msgid ":mod:`cProfile`: see :ref:`profile `" +msgstr ":mod:`cProfile`: 参见 :ref:`profile `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:14 +msgid ":ref:`difflib `" +msgstr ":ref:`difflib `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:15 +msgid ":ref:`dis `" +msgstr ":ref:`dis `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:16 +msgid ":ref:`doctest `" +msgstr ":ref:`doctest `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:17 +msgid ":mod:`!encodings.rot_13`" +msgstr ":mod:`!encodings.rot_13`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:18 +msgid ":mod:`ensurepip`" +msgstr ":mod:`ensurepip`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`filecmp`" +msgstr ":mod:`filecmp`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:20 +msgid ":mod:`fileinput`" +msgstr ":mod:`fileinput`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`ftplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`ftplib`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:22 +msgid ":ref:`gzip `" +msgstr ":ref:`gzip `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:23 +msgid ":ref:`http.server `" +msgstr ":ref:`http.server `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:24 +msgid ":mod:`!idlelib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!idlelib`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:25 +msgid ":ref:`inspect `" +msgstr ":ref:`inspect `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:26 +msgid ":ref:`json.tool `" +msgstr ":ref:`json.tool `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:27 +msgid ":mod:`mimetypes`" +msgstr ":mod:`mimetypes`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:28 +msgid ":mod:`pdb`" +msgstr ":mod:`pdb`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:29 +msgid ":mod:`pickle`" +msgstr ":mod:`pickle`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:30 +msgid ":ref:`pickletools `" +msgstr ":ref:`pickletools `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:31 +msgid ":mod:`platform`" +msgstr ":mod:`platform`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:32 +msgid ":mod:`poplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`poplib`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:33 +msgid ":ref:`profile `" +msgstr ":ref:`profile `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:34 +msgid ":mod:`pstats`" +msgstr ":mod:`pstats`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:35 +msgid ":ref:`py_compile `" +msgstr ":ref:`py_compile `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:36 +msgid ":mod:`pyclbr`" +msgstr ":mod:`pyclbr`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:37 +msgid ":mod:`pydoc`" +msgstr ":mod:`pydoc`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:38 +msgid ":mod:`quopri`" +msgstr ":mod:`quopri`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:39 +msgid ":ref:`random `" +msgstr ":ref:`random `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:40 +msgid ":mod:`runpy`" +msgstr ":mod:`runpy`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:41 +msgid ":ref:`site `" +msgstr ":ref:`site `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:42 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3 `" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3 `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:43 +msgid ":ref:`symtable `" +msgstr ":ref:`符号表 `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:44 +msgid ":ref:`sysconfig `" +msgstr ":ref:`sysconfig `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:45 +msgid ":mod:`tabnanny`" +msgstr ":mod:`tabnanny`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:46 +msgid ":ref:`tarfile `" +msgstr ":ref:`tarfile `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:47 +msgid ":mod:`!this`" +msgstr ":mod:`!this`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:48 +msgid ":ref:`timeit `" +msgstr ":ref:`timeit `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:49 +msgid ":ref:`tokenize `" +msgstr ":ref:`tokenize `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:50 +msgid ":ref:`trace `" +msgstr ":ref:`trace `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:51 +msgid ":mod:`turtledemo`" +msgstr ":mod:`turtledemo`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:52 +msgid ":ref:`unittest `" +msgstr ":ref:`unittest `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:53 +msgid ":ref:`uuid `" +msgstr ":ref:`uuid `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:54 +msgid ":mod:`venv`" +msgstr ":mod:`venv`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:55 +msgid ":mod:`webbrowser`" +msgstr ":mod:`webbrowser`" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:56 +msgid ":ref:`zipapp `" +msgstr ":ref:`zipapp `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:57 +msgid ":ref:`zipfile `" +msgstr ":ref:`zipfile `" + +#: ../../library/cmdline.rst:59 +msgid "See also the :ref:`Python command-line interface `." +msgstr "另请参阅 the :ref:`Python 命令行界面 `。" diff --git a/library/code.po b/library/code.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cca56d39 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/code.po @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!code` --- Interpreter base classes" +msgstr ":mod:`!code` --- 解释器基类" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/code.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/code.py`" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The ``code`` module provides facilities to implement read-eval-print loops " +"in Python. Two classes and convenience functions are included which can be " +"used to build applications which provide an interactive interpreter prompt." +msgstr "" +"``code`` 模块提供了在 Python 中实现 read-eval-print " +"循环的功能。它包含两个类和一些快捷功能，可用于构建提供交互式解释器的应用程序。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This class deals with parsing and interpreter state (the user's namespace); " +"it does not deal with input buffering or prompting or input file naming (the" +" filename is always passed in explicitly). The optional *locals* argument " +"specifies a mapping to use as the namespace in which code will be executed; " +"it defaults to a newly created dictionary with key ``'__name__'`` set to " +"``'__console__'`` and key ``'__doc__'`` set to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"这个类会处理解析和解释器状态（用户的命名空间）；它不会处理输入缓冲、提示或输入文件命名（文件名总是显式地传入）。 可选的 *locals* " +"参数指定一个映射作为代码执行所在的命名空间；它默认是一个新创建的字典，该字典中的键 ``'__name__'`` 设为 " +"``'__console__'`` 而键 ``'__doc__'`` 设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Closely emulate the behavior of the interactive Python interpreter. This " +"class builds on :class:`InteractiveInterpreter` and adds prompting using the" +" familiar ``sys.ps1`` and ``sys.ps2``, and input buffering. If *local_exit* " +"is true, ``exit()`` and ``quit()`` in the console will not raise " +":exc:`SystemExit`, but instead return to the calling code." +msgstr "" +"高度模仿交互式 Python 解释器的行为。 这个类基于 :class:`InteractiveInterpreter` 构建并使用熟悉的 " +"``sys.ps1`` 和 ``sys.ps2`` 来增加提示，以及输入缓冲功能。 如果 *local_exit* 为真值，控制台中的 " +"``exit()`` 和 ``quit()`` 将不会引发 :exc:`SystemExit`，而是返回到调用方代码。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:34 ../../library/code.rst:52 +msgid "Added *local_exit* parameter." +msgstr "增加发 *local_exit* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Convenience function to run a read-eval-print loop. This creates a new " +"instance of :class:`InteractiveConsole` and sets *readfunc* to be used as " +"the :meth:`InteractiveConsole.raw_input` method, if provided. If *local* is" +" provided, it is passed to the :class:`InteractiveConsole` constructor for " +"use as the default namespace for the interpreter loop. If *local_exit* is " +"provided, it is passed to the :class:`InteractiveConsole` constructor. The " +":meth:`~InteractiveConsole.interact` method of the instance is then run with" +" *banner* and *exitmsg* passed as the banner and exit message to use, if " +"provided. The console object is discarded after use." +msgstr "" +"运行一个读取-求值-打印循环的便捷函数。 这会创建一个新的 :class:`InteractiveConsole` 实例并设置 *readfunc* " +"作为 :meth:`InteractiveConsole.raw_input` 方法，如果有提供的话。 如果提供了 *local*，它将被传给 " +":class:`InteractiveConsole` 构造器以用作解释器循环的默认命名空间。 如果提供了 *local_exit*，它将被传给 " +":class:`InteractiveConsole` 构造器。 实例的 :meth:`~InteractiveConsole.interact` " +"方法将随后运行并传入 *banner* 和 *exitmsg* 以作为标题和退出消息，如果有提供的话。 控制台对象在使用后将被丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:49 +msgid "Added *exitmsg* parameter." +msgstr "加入 *exitmsg* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:57 +msgid "" +"This function is useful for programs that want to emulate Python's " +"interpreter main loop (a.k.a. the read-eval-print loop). The tricky part is" +" to determine when the user has entered an incomplete command that can be " +"completed by entering more text (as opposed to a complete command or a " +"syntax error). This function *almost* always makes the same decision as the" +" real interpreter main loop." +msgstr "" +"这个函数主要用来模拟 Python 解释器的主循环（即 read-eval-print " +"循环）。难点的部分是当用户输入不完整命令时，判断能否通过之后的输入来完成（要么成为完整的命令，要么语法错误）。该函数 *几乎* " +"和实际的解释器主循环的判断是相同的。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:64 +msgid "" +"*source* is the source string; *filename* is the optional filename from " +"which source was read, defaulting to ``''``; and *symbol* is the " +"optional grammar start symbol, which should be ``'single'`` (the default), " +"``'eval'`` or ``'exec'``." +msgstr "" +"*source* 是源字符串；*filename* 是可选的用作读取源的文件名，默认为 ``''``；*symbol* " +"是可选的语法开启符号，应为 ``'single'`` (默认), ``'eval'`` 或 ``'exec'``。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Returns a code object (the same as ``compile(source, filename, symbol)``) if" +" the command is complete and valid; ``None`` if the command is incomplete; " +"raises :exc:`SyntaxError` if the command is complete and contains a syntax " +"error, or raises :exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`ValueError` if the command " +"contains an invalid literal." +msgstr "" +"如果命令完整且有效则返回一个代码对象 (等价于 ``compile(source, filename, symbol)``)；如果命令不完整则返回 " +"``None``；如果命令完整但包含语法错误则会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` 或 :exc:`OverflowError` " +"而如果命令包含无效字面值则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:79 +msgid "Interactive Interpreter Objects" +msgstr "交互解释器对象" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Compile and run some source in the interpreter. Arguments are the same as " +"for :func:`compile_command`; the default for *filename* is ``''``, " +"and for *symbol* is ``'single'``. One of several things can happen:" +msgstr "" +"在解释器中编译并运行一段源码。 所用参数与 :func:`compile_command` 一样；*filename* 的默认值为 " +"``''``，*symbol* 则为 ``'single'``。 可能发生以下情况之一：" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The input is incorrect; :func:`compile_command` raised an exception " +"(:exc:`SyntaxError` or :exc:`OverflowError`). A syntax traceback will be " +"printed by calling the :meth:`showsyntaxerror` method. :meth:`runsource` " +"returns ``False``." +msgstr "" +"输入不正确；:func:`compile_command` 引发了一个异常 (:exc:`SyntaxError` 或 " +":exc:`OverflowError`)。 将通过调用 :meth:`showsyntaxerror` 方法打印语法回溯信息。 " +":meth:`runsource` 返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The input is incomplete, and more input is required; :func:`compile_command`" +" returned ``None``. :meth:`runsource` returns ``True``." +msgstr "" +"输入不完整，需要更多输入；函数 :func:`compile_command` 返回 ``None`` 。方法 :meth:`runsource` 返回" +" ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:96 +msgid "" +"The input is complete; :func:`compile_command` returned a code object. The " +"code is executed by calling the :meth:`runcode` (which also handles run-time" +" exceptions, except for :exc:`SystemExit`). :meth:`runsource` returns " +"``False``." +msgstr "" +"输入完整；:func:`compile_command` 返回了一个代码对象。 将通过调用 :meth:`runcode` " +"执行代码（该方法也会处理运行时异常，:exc:`SystemExit` 除外）。 :meth:`runsource` 返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:100 +msgid "" +"The return value can be used to decide whether to use ``sys.ps1`` or " +"``sys.ps2`` to prompt the next line." +msgstr "该返回值用于决定使用 ``sys.ps1`` 还是 ``sys.ps2`` 来作为下一行的输入提示符。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Execute a code object. When an exception occurs, :meth:`showtraceback` is " +"called to display a traceback. All exceptions are caught except " +":exc:`SystemExit`, which is allowed to propagate." +msgstr "" +"执行一个代码对象。当发生异常时，调用 :meth:`showtraceback` 来显示回溯。除 :exc:`SystemExit` " +"（允许传播）以外的所有异常都会被捕获。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:110 +msgid "" +"A note about :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`: this exception may occur elsewhere in" +" this code, and may not always be caught. The caller should be prepared to " +"deal with it." +msgstr "" +"有关 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 的说明，该异常可能发生于此代码的其他位置，并且并不总能被捕获。 调用者应当准备好处理它。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Display the syntax error that just occurred. This does not display a stack " +"trace because there isn't one for syntax errors. If *filename* is given, it " +"is stuffed into the exception instead of the default filename provided by " +"Python's parser, because it always uses ``''`` when reading from a " +"string. The output is written by the :meth:`write` method." +msgstr "" +"显示刚发生的语法错误。 这不会显示堆栈回溯因为语法错误并无此种信息。 如果给出了 *filename*，它会被放入异常来替代 Python " +"解析器所提供的默认文件名，因为它在从一个字符串读取时总是会使用 ``''``。 输出将由 :meth:`write` 方法来写入。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Display the exception that just occurred. We remove the first stack item " +"because it is within the interpreter object implementation. The output is " +"written by the :meth:`write` method." +msgstr "显示刚发生的异常。 我们移除了第一个堆栈条目因为它从属于解释器对象的实现。 输出将由 :meth:`write` 方法来写入。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:130 +msgid "" +"The full chained traceback is displayed instead of just the primary " +"traceback." +msgstr "将显示完整的链式回溯，而不只是主回溯。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Write a string to the standard error stream (``sys.stderr``). Derived " +"classes should override this to provide the appropriate output handling as " +"needed." +msgstr "将一个字符串写入到标准错误流 (``sys.stderr``)。 所有派生类都应重写此方法以提供必要的正确输出处理。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:143 +msgid "Interactive Console Objects" +msgstr "交互式控制台对象" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The :class:`InteractiveConsole` class is a subclass of " +":class:`InteractiveInterpreter`, and so offers all the methods of the " +"interpreter objects as well as the following additions." +msgstr "" +":class:`InteractiveConsole` 类是 :class:`InteractiveInterpreter` " +"的子类，因此它提供了解释器对象的所有方法，还有以下的额外方法。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Closely emulate the interactive Python console. The optional *banner* " +"argument specify the banner to print before the first interaction; by " +"default it prints a banner similar to the one printed by the standard Python" +" interpreter, followed by the class name of the console object in " +"parentheses (so as not to confuse this with the real interpreter -- since " +"it's so close!)." +msgstr "" +"近似地模拟交互式 Python 终端。 可选的 *banner* 参数指定要在第一次交互前打印的条幅；默认情况下会类似于标准 Python " +"解释器所打印的内容，并附上外加圆括号的终端对象类名（这样就不会与真正的解释器混淆 —— 因为确实太像了！）" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:158 +msgid "" +"The optional *exitmsg* argument specifies an exit message printed when " +"exiting. Pass the empty string to suppress the exit message. If *exitmsg* is" +" not given or ``None``, a default message is printed." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *exitmsg* 参数指定要在退出时打印的退出消息。 传入空字符串可以屏蔽退出消息。 如果 *exitmsg* 未给出或为 " +"``None``，则将打印默认消息。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:162 +msgid "To suppress printing any banner, pass an empty string." +msgstr "要禁止打印任何条幅消息，请传递一个空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:165 +msgid "Print an exit message when exiting." +msgstr "退出时打印退出消息。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Push a line of source text to the interpreter. The line should not have a " +"trailing newline; it may have internal newlines. The line is appended to a " +"buffer and the interpreter's :meth:`~InteractiveInterpreter.runsource` " +"method is called with the concatenated contents of the buffer as source. If" +" this indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer is " +"reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer is left as it " +"was after the line was appended. The return value is ``True`` if more input" +" is required, ``False`` if the line was dealt with in some way (this is the " +"same as :meth:`!runsource`)." +msgstr "" +"将一行源代码文本推入解释器。 行内容不应带有末尾换行符；它可以有内部换行符。 行内容会被添加到一缓冲区然后调用解释器的 " +":meth:`~InteractiveInterpreter.runsource` 方法并附带缓冲区内容的拼接结果作为源文本。 " +"如果提示命令已执行或不合法，缓冲区将被重置；在其他情况下，则命令结束，缓冲区将在添加行后保持原样。 如果需要更多的输入则返回值为 " +"``True``，如果行已按某种方式被处理则返回值为 ``False`` (这与 :meth:`!runsource` 相同)。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:183 +msgid "Remove any unhandled source text from the input buffer." +msgstr "从输入缓冲区中删除所有未处理的内容。" + +#: ../../library/code.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Write a prompt and read a line. The returned line does not include the " +"trailing newline. When the user enters the EOF key sequence, " +":exc:`EOFError` is raised. The base implementation reads from ``sys.stdin``;" +" a subclass may replace this with a different implementation." +msgstr "" +"输出提示并读取一行。返回的行不包含末尾的换行符。当用户输入 EOF 键序列时，会引发 :exc:`EOFError` 异常。默认实现是从 " +"``sys.stdin`` 读取；子类可以用其他实现代替。" diff --git a/library/codecs.po b/library/codecs.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15f8c19d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/codecs.po @@ -0,0 +1,3019 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!codecs` --- Codec registry and base classes" +msgstr ":mod:`!codecs` --- 编解码器注册和相关基类" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/codecs.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/codecs.py`" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:23 +msgid "" +"This module defines base classes for standard Python codecs (encoders and " +"decoders) and provides access to the internal Python codec registry, which " +"manages the codec and error handling lookup process. Most standard codecs " +"are :term:`text encodings `, which encode text to bytes (and " +"decode bytes to text), but there are also codecs provided that encode text " +"to text, and bytes to bytes. Custom codecs may encode and decode between " +"arbitrary types, but some module features are restricted to be used " +"specifically with :term:`text encodings ` or with codecs that" +" encode to :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"这个模块定义了标准 Python 编解码器（编码器和解码器）的基类并提供对内部 Python " +"编解码器注册表的访问，该注册表负责管理编解码器和错误处理的查找过程。 大多数标准编解码器都属于 :term:`文本编码格式 `，它们可将文本编码为字节串（以及将字节串解码为文本），但也提供了一些将文本编码为文本，以及将字节串编码为字节串的编解码器。 " +"自定义编解码器可以在任意类型间进行编码和解码，但某些模块特性被限制为仅适用于 :term:`文本编码格式 ` " +"或将数据编码为 :class:`bytes` 的编解码器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The module defines the following functions for encoding and decoding with " +"any codec:" +msgstr "该模块定义了以下用于使用任何编解码器进行编码和解码的函数:" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:38 +msgid "Encodes *obj* using the codec registered for *encoding*." +msgstr "使用为 *encoding* 注册的编解码器对 *obj* 进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:40 +msgid "" +"*Errors* may be given to set the desired error handling scheme. The default " +"error handler is ``'strict'`` meaning that encoding errors raise " +":exc:`ValueError` (or a more codec specific subclass, such as " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`). Refer to :ref:`codec-base-classes` for more " +"information on codec error handling." +msgstr "" +"可以给定 *Errors* 以设置所需要的错误处理方案。 默认的错误处理方案 ``'strict'`` 表示编码错误将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError` (或更特定编解码器相关的子类，例如 :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`)。 请参阅 " +":ref:`codec-base-classes` 了解有关编解码器错误处理的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:48 +msgid "Decodes *obj* using the codec registered for *encoding*." +msgstr "使用为 *encoding* 注册的编解码器对 *obj* 进行解码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:50 +msgid "" +"*Errors* may be given to set the desired error handling scheme. The default " +"error handler is ``'strict'`` meaning that decoding errors raise " +":exc:`ValueError` (or a more codec specific subclass, such as " +":exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`). Refer to :ref:`codec-base-classes` for more " +"information on codec error handling." +msgstr "" +"可以给定 *Errors* 以设置所需要的错误处理方案。 默认的错误处理方案 ``'strict'`` 表示编码错误将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError` (或更特定编解码器相关的子类，例如 :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`)。 请参阅 " +":ref:`codec-base-classes` 了解有关编解码器错误处理的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:56 +msgid "The full details for each codec can also be looked up directly:" +msgstr "每种编解码器的完整细节也可以直接查找获取：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Looks up the codec info in the Python codec registry and returns a " +":class:`CodecInfo` object as defined below." +msgstr "在 Python 编解码器注册表中查找编解码器信息，并返回一个 :class:`CodecInfo` 对象，其定义见下文。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Encodings are first looked up in the registry's cache. If not found, the " +"list of registered search functions is scanned. If no :class:`CodecInfo` " +"object is found, a :exc:`LookupError` is raised. Otherwise, the " +":class:`CodecInfo` object is stored in the cache and returned to the caller." +msgstr "" +"首先将会在注册表缓存中查找编码，如果未找到，则会扫描注册的搜索函数列表。 如果没有找到 :class:`CodecInfo` 对象，则将引发 " +":exc:`LookupError`。 否则，:class:`CodecInfo` 对象将被存入缓存并返回给调用者。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Codec details when looking up the codec registry. The constructor arguments " +"are stored in attributes of the same name:" +msgstr "查找编解码器注册表所得到的编解码器细节信息。 构造器参数将保存为同名的属性：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:76 +msgid "The name of the encoding." +msgstr "编码名称" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The stateless encoding and decoding functions. These must be functions or " +"methods which have the same interface as the :meth:`~Codec.encode` and " +":meth:`~Codec.decode` methods of Codec instances (see :ref:`Codec Interface " +"`). The functions or methods are expected to work in a " +"stateless mode." +msgstr "" +"无状态的编码和解码函数。 它们必须是具有与 Codec 的 :meth:`~Codec.encode` 和 :meth:`~Codec.decode` " +"方法相同接口的函数或方法 (参见 :ref:`Codec 接口 `)。 这些函数或方法应当工作于无状态的模式。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Incremental encoder and decoder classes or factory functions. These have to " +"provide the interface defined by the base classes " +":class:`IncrementalEncoder` and :class:`IncrementalDecoder`, respectively. " +"Incremental codecs can maintain state." +msgstr "" +"增量式的编码器和解码器类或工厂函数。 这些函数必须分别提供由基类 :class:`IncrementalEncoder` 和 " +":class:`IncrementalDecoder` 所定义的接口。 增量式编解码器可以保持状态。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Stream writer and reader classes or factory functions. These have to provide" +" the interface defined by the base classes :class:`StreamWriter` and " +":class:`StreamReader`, respectively. Stream codecs can maintain state." +msgstr "" +"流式写入器和读取器类或工厂函数。 这些函数必须分别提供由基类 :class:`StreamWriter` 和 :class:`StreamReader`" +" 所定义的接口。 流式编解码器可以保持状态。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:106 +msgid "" +"To simplify access to the various codec components, the module provides " +"these additional functions which use :func:`lookup` for the codec lookup:" +msgstr "为了简化对各种编解码器组件的访问，本模块提供了以下附加函数，它们使用 :func:`lookup` 来执行编解码器查找：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Look up the codec for the given encoding and return its encoder function." +msgstr "查找给定编码的编解码器并返回其编码器函数。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:113 ../../library/codecs.rst:120 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:146 ../../library/codecs.rst:154 +msgid "Raises a :exc:`LookupError` in case the encoding cannot be found." +msgstr "在编码无法找到时将引发 :exc:`LookupError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Look up the codec for the given encoding and return its decoder function." +msgstr "查找给定编码的编解码器并返回其解码器函数。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Look up the codec for the given encoding and return its incremental encoder " +"class or factory function." +msgstr "查找给定编码的编解码器并返回其增量式编码器类或工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Raises a :exc:`LookupError` in case the encoding cannot be found or the " +"codec doesn't support an incremental encoder." +msgstr "在编码无法找到或编解码器不支持增量式编码器时将引发 :exc:`LookupError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Look up the codec for the given encoding and return its incremental decoder " +"class or factory function." +msgstr "查找给定编码的编解码器并返回其增量式解码器类或工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Raises a :exc:`LookupError` in case the encoding cannot be found or the " +"codec doesn't support an incremental decoder." +msgstr "在编码无法找到或编解码器不支持增量式解码器时将引发 :exc:`LookupError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Look up the codec for the given encoding and return its " +":class:`StreamReader` class or factory function." +msgstr "查找给定编码的编解码器并返回其 :class:`StreamReader` 类或工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Look up the codec for the given encoding and return its " +":class:`StreamWriter` class or factory function." +msgstr "查找给定编码的编解码器并返回其 :class:`StreamWriter` 类或工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Custom codecs are made available by registering a suitable codec search " +"function:" +msgstr "自定义编解码器的启用是通过注册适当的编解码器搜索函数：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Register a codec search function. Search functions are expected to take one " +"argument, being the encoding name in all lower case letters with hyphens and" +" spaces converted to underscores, and return a :class:`CodecInfo` object. In" +" case a search function cannot find a given encoding, it should return " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"注册一个编解码器搜索函数。 搜索函数预期接收一个参数，即全部以小写字母表示的编码格式名称，其中中连字符和空格会被转换为下划线，并返回一个 " +":class:`CodecInfo` 对象。 在搜索函数无法找到给定编码格式的情况下，它应当返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:167 +msgid "Hyphens and spaces are converted to underscore." +msgstr "连字符和空格会被转换为下划线。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Unregister a codec search function and clear the registry's cache. If the " +"search function is not registered, do nothing." +msgstr "注销一个编解码器搜索函数并清空注册表缓存。 如果指定搜索函数未被注册，则不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:179 +msgid "" +"While the builtin :func:`open` and the associated :mod:`io` module are the " +"recommended approach for working with encoded text files, this module " +"provides additional utility functions and classes that allow the use of a " +"wider range of codecs when working with binary files:" +msgstr "" +"虽然内置的 :func:`open` 和相关联的 :mod:`io` " +"模块是操作已编码文本文件的推荐方式，但本模块也提供了额外的工具函数和类，允许在操作二进制文件时使用更多种类的编解码器：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Open an encoded file using the given *mode* and return an instance of " +":class:`StreamReaderWriter`, providing transparent encoding/decoding. The " +"default file mode is ``'r'``, meaning to open the file in read mode." +msgstr "" +"使用给定的 *mode* 打开已编码的文件并返回一个 :class:`StreamReaderWriter` 的实例，提供透明的编码/解码。 " +"默认的文件模式为 ``'r'``，表示以读取模式打开文件。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:192 +msgid "" +"If *encoding* is not ``None``, then the underlying encoded files are always " +"opened in binary mode. No automatic conversion of ``'\\n'`` is done on " +"reading and writing. The *mode* argument may be any binary mode acceptable " +"to the built-in :func:`open` function; the ``'b'`` is automatically added." +msgstr "" +"如果 *encoding* 不为 ``None``，则下层的已编码文件总是以二进制模式打开。 在读取和写入时不会自动执行 ``'\\n'`` 的转换。 " +"*mode* 参数可以是内置 :func:`open` 函数所接受的任意二进制模式；``'b'`` 会被自动添加。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:198 +msgid "" +"*encoding* specifies the encoding which is to be used for the file. Any " +"encoding that encodes to and decodes from bytes is allowed, and the data " +"types supported by the file methods depend on the codec used." +msgstr "" +"*encoding* 指定文件所要使用的编码格式。 允许任何编码为字节串或从字节串解码的编码格式，而文件方法所支持的数据类型则取决于所使用的编解码器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:202 +msgid "" +"*errors* may be given to define the error handling. It defaults to " +"``'strict'`` which causes a :exc:`ValueError` to be raised in case an " +"encoding error occurs." +msgstr "" +"可以指定 *errors* 来定义错误处理方案。 默认值 ``'strict'`` 表示在出现编码错误时引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:205 +msgid "" +"*buffering* has the same meaning as for the built-in :func:`open` function. " +"It defaults to -1 which means that the default buffer size will be used." +msgstr "*buffering* 的含义与内置 :func:`open` 函数中的相同。 默认值 -1 表示将使用默认的缓冲区大小。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:208 +msgid "The ``'U'`` mode has been removed." +msgstr "``'U'`` 模式已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`StreamRecoder` instance, a wrapped version of *file* which " +"provides transparent transcoding. The original file is closed when the " +"wrapped version is closed." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`StreamRecoder` 实例，它提供了 *file* 的透明转码包装版本。 当包装版本被关闭时原始文件也会被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Data written to the wrapped file is decoded according to the given " +"*data_encoding* and then written to the original file as bytes using " +"*file_encoding*. Bytes read from the original file are decoded according to " +"*file_encoding*, and the result is encoded using *data_encoding*." +msgstr "" +"写入已包装文件的数据会根据给定的 *data_encoding* 解码，然后以使用 *file_encoding* 的字节形式写入原始文件。 " +"从原始文件读取的字节串将根据 *file_encoding* 解码，其结果将使用 *data_encoding* 进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:224 +msgid "If *file_encoding* is not given, it defaults to *data_encoding*." +msgstr "如果 *file_encoding* 未给定，则默认为 *data_encoding*。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:226 +msgid "" +"*errors* may be given to define the error handling. It defaults to " +"``'strict'``, which causes :exc:`ValueError` to be raised in case an " +"encoding error occurs." +msgstr "" +"可以指定 *errors* 来定义错误处理方案。 默认值 ``'strict'`` 表示在出现编码错误时引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Uses an incremental encoder to iteratively encode the input provided by " +"*iterator*. This function is a :term:`generator`. The *errors* argument (as " +"well as any other keyword argument) is passed through to the incremental " +"encoder." +msgstr "" +"使用增量式编码器通过迭代来编码由 *iterator* 所提供的输入。 此函数属于 :term:`generator`。 *errors* " +"参数（以及任何其他关键字参数）会被传递给增量式编码器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:238 +msgid "" +"This function requires that the codec accept text :class:`str` objects to " +"encode. Therefore it does not support bytes-to-bytes encoders such as " +"``base64_codec``." +msgstr "" +"此函数要求编解码器接受 :class:`str` 对象形式的文本进行编码。 因此它不支持字节到字节的编码器，例如 ``base64_codec``。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Uses an incremental decoder to iteratively decode the input provided by " +"*iterator*. This function is a :term:`generator`. The *errors* argument (as " +"well as any other keyword argument) is passed through to the incremental " +"decoder." +msgstr "" +"使用增量式解码器通过迭代来解码由 *iterator* 所提供的输入。 此函数属于 :term:`generator`。 *errors* " +"参数（以及任何其他关键字参数）会被传递给增量式解码器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:250 +msgid "" +"This function requires that the codec accept :class:`bytes` objects to " +"decode. Therefore it does not support text-to-text encoders such as " +"``rot_13``, although ``rot_13`` may be used equivalently with " +":func:`iterencode`." +msgstr "" +"此函数要求编解码器接受 :class:`bytes` 对象进行解码。 因此它不支持文本到文本的编码器，例如 ``rot_13``，但是 " +"``rot_13`` 可以通过同样效果的 :func:`iterencode` 来使用。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:256 +msgid "" +"The module also provides the following constants which are useful for " +"reading and writing to platform dependent files:" +msgstr "本模块还提供了以下常量，适用于读取和写入依赖于平台的文件：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:271 +msgid "" +"These constants define various byte sequences, being Unicode byte order " +"marks (BOMs) for several encodings. They are used in UTF-16 and UTF-32 data " +"streams to indicate the byte order used, and in UTF-8 as a Unicode " +"signature. :const:`BOM_UTF16` is either :const:`BOM_UTF16_BE` or " +":const:`BOM_UTF16_LE` depending on the platform's native byte order, " +":const:`BOM` is an alias for :const:`BOM_UTF16`, :const:`BOM_LE` for " +":const:`BOM_UTF16_LE` and :const:`BOM_BE` for :const:`BOM_UTF16_BE`. The " +"others represent the BOM in UTF-8 and UTF-32 encodings." +msgstr "" +"这些常量定义了多种字节序列，即一些编码格式的 Unicode 字节顺序标记（BOM）。 它们在 UTF-16 和 UTF-32 " +"数据流中被用以指明所使用的字节顺序，并在 UTF-8 中被用作 Unicode 签名。 :const:`BOM_UTF16` 是 " +":const:`BOM_UTF16_BE` 或 :const:`BOM_UTF16_LE`，具体取决于平台的本机字节顺序，:const:`BOM` 是 " +":const:`BOM_UTF16` 的别名, :const:`BOM_LE` 是 :const:`BOM_UTF16_LE` " +"的别名，:const:`BOM_BE` 是 :const:`BOM_UTF16_BE` 的别名。 其他序列则表示 UTF-8 和 UTF-32 " +"编码格式中的 BOM。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:285 +msgid "Codec Base Classes" +msgstr "编解码器基类" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`codecs` module defines a set of base classes which define the " +"interfaces for working with codec objects, and can also be used as the basis" +" for custom codec implementations." +msgstr ":mod:`codecs` 模块定义了一系列基类用来定义配合编解码器对象进行工作的接口，并且也可用作定制编解码器实现的基础。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Each codec has to define four interfaces to make it usable as codec in " +"Python: stateless encoder, stateless decoder, stream reader and stream " +"writer. The stream reader and writers typically reuse the stateless " +"encoder/decoder to implement the file protocols. Codec authors also need to " +"define how the codec will handle encoding and decoding errors." +msgstr "" +"每种编解码器必须定义四个接口以便用作 Python 中的编解码器：无状态编码器、无状态解码器、流读取器和流写入器。 " +"流读取器和写入器通常会重用无状态编码器/解码器来实现文件协议。 编解码器作者还需要定义编解码器将如何处理编码和解码错误。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:302 +msgid "Error Handlers" +msgstr "错误处理方案" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:304 +msgid "" +"To simplify and standardize error handling, codecs may implement different " +"error handling schemes by accepting the *errors* string argument:" +msgstr "为了简化和标准化错误处理，编解码器可以通过接受 *errors* 字符串参数来实现不同的错误处理方案:" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:324 +msgid "" +"The following error handlers can be used with all Python :ref:`standard-" +"encodings` codecs:" +msgstr "以下错误处理器可以用于所有的 Python :ref:`standard-encodings` 编解码器:" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:330 ../../library/codecs.rst:373 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:393 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:330 ../../library/codecs.rst:373 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:393 ../../library/codecs.rst:1331 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1399 ../../library/codecs.rst:1454 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:332 +msgid "``'strict'``" +msgstr "``'strict'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`UnicodeError` (or a subclass), this is the default. Implemented " +"in :func:`strict_errors`." +msgstr "引发 :exc:`UnicodeError` (或其子类)，这是默认的方案。 在 :func:`strict_errors` 中实现。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:336 +msgid "``'ignore'``" +msgstr "``'ignore'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:336 +msgid "" +"Ignore the malformed data and continue without further notice. Implemented " +"in :func:`ignore_errors`." +msgstr "忽略错误格式的数据并且不加进一步通知就继续执行。 在 :func:`ignore_errors` 中实现。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:340 +msgid "``'replace'``" +msgstr "``'replace'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:340 +msgid "" +"Replace with a replacement marker. On encoding, use ``?`` (ASCII character)." +" On decoding, use ``�`` (U+FFFD, the official REPLACEMENT CHARACTER). " +"Implemented in :func:`replace_errors`." +msgstr "" +"用一个替代标记来替换。 在编码时，使用 ``?`` (ASCII 字符)。 在解码时，使用 ``�`` (U+FFFD，官方的 REPLACEMENT " +"CHARACTER)。 在 :func:`replace_errors` 中实现。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:346 +msgid "``'backslashreplace'``" +msgstr "``'backslashreplace'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:346 +msgid "" +"Replace with backslashed escape sequences. On encoding, use hexadecimal form" +" of Unicode code point with formats :samp:`\\\\x{hh}` :samp:`\\\\u{xxxx}` " +":samp:`\\\\U{xxxxxxxx}`. On decoding, use hexadecimal form of byte value " +"with format :samp:`\\\\x{hh}`. Implemented in " +":func:`backslashreplace_errors`." +msgstr "" +"用反斜杠转义序列来替换。 在编码时，使用格式为 :samp:`\\\\x{hh}` :samp:`\\\\u{xxxx}` " +":samp:`\\\\U{xxxxxxxx}` 的 Unicode 码位十六进制表示形式。 在解码时，使用格式为 :samp:`\\\\x{hh}` " +"的字节值十六进制表示形式。 在 :func:`backslashreplace_errors` 中实现。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:355 +msgid "``'surrogateescape'``" +msgstr "``'surrogateescape'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:355 +msgid "" +"On decoding, replace byte with individual surrogate code ranging from " +"``U+DC80`` to ``U+DCFF``. This code will then be turned back into the same " +"byte when the ``'surrogateescape'`` error handler is used when encoding the " +"data. (See :pep:`383` for more.)" +msgstr "" +"在解码时，将字节替换为 ``U+DC80`` 至 ``U+DCFF`` 范围内的单个代理代码。 当在编码数据时使用 " +"``'surrogateescape'`` 错误处理方案时，此代理将被转换回相同的字节。 （请参阅 :pep:`383` 了解详情。）" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:369 +msgid "" +"The following error handlers are only applicable to encoding (within " +":term:`text encodings `):" +msgstr "下列错误处理器仅在编码时适用（在 :term:`文本编码格式 ` 类别以内）:" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:375 +msgid "``'xmlcharrefreplace'``" +msgstr "``'xmlcharrefreplace'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:375 +msgid "" +"Replace with XML/HTML numeric character reference, which is a decimal form " +"of Unicode code point with format :samp:`&#{num};`. Implemented in " +":func:`xmlcharrefreplace_errors`." +msgstr "" +"用 XML/HTML 数字字符引用来替换，即格式为 :samp:`&#{num};` 的 Unicode 码位十进制表示形式。 在 " +":func:`xmlcharrefreplace_errors` 中实现。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:381 +msgid "``'namereplace'``" +msgstr "``'namereplace'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:381 +msgid "" +"Replace with ``\\N{...}`` escape sequences, what appears in the braces is " +"the Name property from Unicode Character Database. Implemented in " +":func:`namereplace_errors`." +msgstr "" +"用 ``\\N{...}`` 转义序列来替换，出现在花括号中的是来自 Unicode 字符数据库的 Name 属性。 在 " +":func:`namereplace_errors` 中实现。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:390 +msgid "" +"In addition, the following error handler is specific to the given codecs:" +msgstr "此外，以下错误处理方案被专门用于指定的编解码器：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:13 ../../library/codecs.rst:393 +msgid "Codecs" +msgstr "编解码器" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:395 +msgid "``'surrogatepass'``" +msgstr "``'surrogatepass'``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:395 +msgid "utf-8, utf-16, utf-32, utf-16-be, utf-16-le, utf-32-be, utf-32-le" +msgstr "utf-8, utf-16, utf-32, utf-16-be, utf-16-le, utf-32-be, utf-32-le" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:395 +msgid "" +"Allow encoding and decoding surrogate code point (``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``) " +"as normal code point. Otherwise these codecs treat the presence of surrogate" +" code point in :class:`str` as an error." +msgstr "" +"允许将代理码位 (``U+D800`` - ``U+DFFF``) 作为正常码位来编码和解码。 否则这些编解码器会将 :class:`str` " +"中出现的代理码位视为错误。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:402 +msgid "The ``'surrogateescape'`` and ``'surrogatepass'`` error handlers." +msgstr "``'surrogateescape'`` 和 ``'surrogatepass'`` 错误处理方案。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:405 +msgid "" +"The ``'surrogatepass'`` error handler now works with utf-16\\* and utf-32\\*" +" codecs." +msgstr "``'surrogatepass'`` 错误处理器现在可适用于 utf-16\\* 和 utf-32\\* 编解码器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:409 +msgid "The ``'namereplace'`` error handler." +msgstr "``'namereplace'`` 错误处理方案。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:412 +msgid "" +"The ``'backslashreplace'`` error handler now works with decoding and " +"translating." +msgstr "``'backslashreplace'`` 错误处理器现在可适用于解码和转码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:416 +msgid "" +"The set of allowed values can be extended by registering a new named error " +"handler:" +msgstr "允许的值集合可以通过注册新命名的错误处理方案来扩展：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:421 +msgid "" +"Register the error handling function *error_handler* under the name *name*. " +"The *error_handler* argument will be called during encoding and decoding in " +"case of an error, when *name* is specified as the errors parameter." +msgstr "" +"在名称 *name* 之下注册错误处理函数 *error_handler*。 当 *name* 被指定为错误形参时，*error_handler* " +"参数所指定的对象将在编码和解码期间发生错误的情况下被调用，" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:425 +msgid "" +"For encoding, *error_handler* will be called with a " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` instance, which contains information about the " +"location of the error. The error handler must either raise this or a " +"different exception, or return a tuple with a replacement for the " +"unencodable part of the input and a position where encoding should continue." +" The replacement may be either :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. If the " +"replacement is bytes, the encoder will simply copy them into the output " +"buffer. If the replacement is a string, the encoder will encode the " +"replacement. Encoding continues on original input at the specified position." +" Negative position values will be treated as being relative to the end of " +"the input string. If the resulting position is out of bound an " +":exc:`IndexError` will be raised." +msgstr "" +"对于编码操作，将会调用 *error_handler* 并传入一个 :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` " +"实例，其中包含有关错误位置的信息。 " +"错误处理程序必须引发此异常或别的异常，或者也可以返回一个元组，其中包含输入的不可编码部分的替换对象，以及应当继续进行编码的位置。 替换对象可以为 " +":class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 类型。 如果替换对象为字节串，编码器将简单地将其复制到输出缓冲区。 " +"如果替换对象为字符串，编码器将对替换对象进行编码。 对原始输入的编码操作会在指定位置继续进行。 负的位置值将被视为相对于输入字符串的末尾。 " +"如果结果位置超出范围则将引发 :exc:`IndexError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:437 +msgid "" +"Decoding and translating works similarly, except :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` " +"or :exc:`UnicodeTranslateError` will be passed to the handler and that the " +"replacement from the error handler will be put into the output directly." +msgstr "" +"解码和转换的做法很相似，不同之处在于将把 :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` 或 " +":exc:`UnicodeTranslateError` 传给处理程序，并且来自错误处理程序的替换对象将被直接放入输出。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Previously registered error handlers (including the standard error handlers)" +" can be looked up by name:" +msgstr "之前注册的错误处理方案（包括标准错误处理方案）可通过名称进行查找：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:447 +msgid "Return the error handler previously registered under the name *name*." +msgstr "返回之前在名称 *name* 之下注册的错误处理方案。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:449 +msgid "Raises a :exc:`LookupError` in case the handler cannot be found." +msgstr "在处理方案无法找到时将引发 :exc:`LookupError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:451 +msgid "" +"The following standard error handlers are also made available as module " +"level functions:" +msgstr "以下标准错误处理方案也可通过模块层级函数的方式来使用：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:456 +msgid "Implements the ``'strict'`` error handling." +msgstr "实现了 ``'strict'`` 错误处理。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:458 +msgid "Each encoding or decoding error raises a :exc:`UnicodeError`." +msgstr "每个编码或解码错误都将引发 :exc:`UnicodeError`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:463 +msgid "Implements the ``'ignore'`` error handling." +msgstr "实现了 ``'ignore'`` 错误处理。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:465 +msgid "" +"Malformed data is ignored; encoding or decoding is continued without further" +" notice." +msgstr "错误格式的数据会被忽略；编码或解码将继续执行而不再通知。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:471 +msgid "Implements the ``'replace'`` error handling." +msgstr "实现了 ``'replace'`` 错误处理。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:473 +msgid "" +"Substitutes ``?`` (ASCII character) for encoding errors or ``�`` (U+FFFD, " +"the official REPLACEMENT CHARACTER) for decoding errors." +msgstr "" +"替换 ``?`` (ASCII 字符) 表示编码错误或者 ``�`` (U+FFFD，官方的 REPLACEMENT CHARACTER) " +"表示解码错误。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:479 +msgid "Implements the ``'backslashreplace'`` error handling." +msgstr "实现了 ``'backslashreplace'`` 错误处理。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:481 +msgid "" +"Malformed data is replaced by a backslashed escape sequence. On encoding, " +"use the hexadecimal form of Unicode code point with formats " +":samp:`\\\\x{hh}` :samp:`\\\\u{xxxx}` :samp:`\\\\U{xxxxxxxx}`. On decoding, " +"use the hexadecimal form of byte value with format :samp:`\\\\x{hh}`." +msgstr "" +"错误格式的数据会用反斜杠转义序列来替换。 在编码时，使用格式为 :samp:`\\\\x{hh}` :samp:`\\\\u{xxxx}` " +":samp:`\\\\U{xxxxxxxx}` 的 Unicode 码位十六进制表示形式。 在解码时，使用格式为 :samp:`\\\\x{hh}` " +"的字节值 十六进制表示形式。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:487 +msgid "Works with decoding and translating." +msgstr "适用于解码和转码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Implements the ``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` error handling (for encoding within " +":term:`text encoding` only)." +msgstr "实现 ``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` 错误处理（仅限 :term:`text encoding` 范围内的编码操作）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:496 +msgid "" +"The unencodable character is replaced by an appropriate XML/HTML numeric " +"character reference, which is a decimal form of Unicode code point with " +"format :samp:`&#{num};` ." +msgstr "" +"不可编码的字符会被替换为适当的 XML/HTML 数值字符引用，即格式为 :samp:`&#{num};` 的十进制形式 Unicode 码位。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:503 +msgid "" +"Implements the ``'namereplace'`` error handling (for encoding within " +":term:`text encoding` only)." +msgstr "实现 ``'namereplace'`` 错误处理（仅限 :term:`text encoding` 范围内的编码操作）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:506 +msgid "" +"The unencodable character is replaced by a ``\\N{...}`` escape sequence. The" +" set of characters that appear in the braces is the Name property from " +"Unicode Character Database. For example, the German lowercase letter ``'ß'``" +" will be converted to byte sequence ``\\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S}`` ." +msgstr "" +"不可编码的字符会被替换为 ``\\N{...}`` 转义序列。 出现在花括号内的字符集合是来自于 Unicode 字符数据库的 Name 属性。 " +"例如，德语小写字母 ``'ß'`` 将被转换为字符序列 ``\\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S}``。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:517 +msgid "Stateless Encoding and Decoding" +msgstr "无状态的编码和解码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:519 +msgid "" +"The base :class:`Codec` class defines these methods which also define the " +"function interfaces of the stateless encoder and decoder:" +msgstr "基本 :class:`Codec` 类定义了这些方法，同时还定义了无状态编码器和解码器的函数接口：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:527 +msgid "" +"Encodes the object *input* and returns a tuple (output object, length " +"consumed). For instance, :term:`text encoding` converts a string object to a" +" bytes object using a particular character set encoding (e.g., ``cp1252`` or" +" ``iso-8859-1``)." +msgstr "" +"编码 *input* 对象并返回一个元组 (输出对象, 消耗长度)。 例如，:term:`text encoding` 会使用特定的字符集编码格式 " +"(例如 ``cp1252`` 或 ``iso-8859-1``) 将字符串转换为字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:532 ../../library/codecs.rst:554 +msgid "" +"The *errors* argument defines the error handling to apply. It defaults to " +"``'strict'`` handling." +msgstr "*errors* 参数定义了要应用的错误处理方案。 默认为 ``'strict'`` 处理方案。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:535 +msgid "" +"The method may not store state in the :class:`Codec` instance. Use " +":class:`StreamWriter` for codecs which have to keep state in order to make " +"encoding efficient." +msgstr "" +"此方法不一定会在 :class:`Codec` 实例中保存状态。 可使用必须保存状态的 :class:`StreamWriter` " +"作为编解码器以便高效地进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:539 +msgid "" +"The encoder must be able to handle zero length input and return an empty " +"object of the output object type in this situation." +msgstr "编码器必须能够处理零长度的输入并在此情况下返回输出对象类型的空对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Decodes the object *input* and returns a tuple (output object, length " +"consumed). For instance, for a :term:`text encoding`, decoding converts a " +"bytes object encoded using a particular character set encoding to a string " +"object." +msgstr "" +"解码 *input* 对象并返回一个元组 (输出对象, 消耗长度)。 例如，:term:`text encoding` " +"的解码操作会使用特定的字符集编码格式将字节串对象转换为字符串对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:550 +msgid "" +"For text encodings and bytes-to-bytes codecs, *input* must be a bytes object" +" or one which provides the read-only buffer interface -- for example, buffer" +" objects and memory mapped files." +msgstr "" +"对于文本编码格式和字节到字节编解码器，*input* 必须为一个字节串对象或提供了只读缓冲区接口的对象 -- 例如，缓冲区对象和映射到内存的文件。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:557 +msgid "" +"The method may not store state in the :class:`Codec` instance. Use " +":class:`StreamReader` for codecs which have to keep state in order to make " +"decoding efficient." +msgstr "" +"此方法不一定会在 :class:`Codec` 实例中保存状态。 可使用必须保存状态的 :class:`StreamReader` " +"作为编解码器以便高效地进行解码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:561 +msgid "" +"The decoder must be able to handle zero length input and return an empty " +"object of the output object type in this situation." +msgstr "解码器必须能够处理零长度的输入并在此情况下返回输出对象类型的空对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:566 +msgid "Incremental Encoding and Decoding" +msgstr "增量式的编码和解码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:568 +msgid "" +"The :class:`IncrementalEncoder` and :class:`IncrementalDecoder` classes " +"provide the basic interface for incremental encoding and decoding. " +"Encoding/decoding the input isn't done with one call to the stateless " +"encoder/decoder function, but with multiple calls to the " +":meth:`~IncrementalEncoder.encode`/:meth:`~IncrementalDecoder.decode` method" +" of the incremental encoder/decoder. The incremental encoder/decoder keeps " +"track of the encoding/decoding process during method calls." +msgstr "" +":class:`IncrementalEncoder` 和 :class:`IncrementalDecoder` 类提供了增量式编码和解码的基本接口。" +" 对输入的编码/解码不是通过对无状态编码器/解码器的一次调用，而是通过对增量式编码器/解码器的 " +":meth:`~IncrementalEncoder.encode`/:meth:`~IncrementalDecoder.decode` " +"方法的多次调用。 增量式编码器/解码器会在方法调用期间跟踪编码/解码过程。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:576 +msgid "" +"The joined output of calls to the " +":meth:`~IncrementalEncoder.encode`/:meth:`~IncrementalDecoder.decode` method" +" is the same as if all the single inputs were joined into one, and this " +"input was encoded/decoded with the stateless encoder/decoder." +msgstr "" +"调用 :meth:`~IncrementalEncoder.encode`/:meth:`~IncrementalDecoder.decode` " +"方法后的全部输出相当于将所有通过无状态编码器/解码器进行编码/解码的单个输入连接在一起所得到的输出。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:585 +msgid "IncrementalEncoder Objects" +msgstr "IncrementalEncoder 对象" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:587 +msgid "" +"The :class:`IncrementalEncoder` class is used for encoding an input in " +"multiple steps. It defines the following methods which every incremental " +"encoder must define in order to be compatible with the Python codec " +"registry." +msgstr "" +":class:`IncrementalEncoder` 类用来对一个输入进行分步编码。 它定义了以下方法，每个增量式编码器都必须定义这些方法以便与 " +"Python 编解码器注册表相兼容。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:594 +msgid "Constructor for an :class:`IncrementalEncoder` instance." +msgstr ":class:`IncrementalEncoder` 实例的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:596 +msgid "" +"All incremental encoders must provide this constructor interface. They are " +"free to add additional keyword arguments, but only the ones defined here are" +" used by the Python codec registry." +msgstr "" +"所有增量式编码器必须提供此构造器接口。 它们可以自由地添加额外的关键字参数，但只有在这里定义的参数才会被 Python 编解码器注册表所使用。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:600 +msgid "" +"The :class:`IncrementalEncoder` may implement different error handling " +"schemes by providing the *errors* keyword argument. See :ref:`error-" +"handlers` for possible values." +msgstr "" +":class:`IncrementalEncoder` 可以通过提供 *errors* 关键字参数来实现不同的错误处理方案。 可用的值请参阅 " +":ref:`error-handlers`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:604 +msgid "" +"The *errors* argument will be assigned to an attribute of the same name. " +"Assigning to this attribute makes it possible to switch between different " +"error handling strategies during the lifetime of the " +":class:`IncrementalEncoder` object." +msgstr "" +"*errors* 参数将被赋值给一个同名的属性。 通过对此属性赋值就可以在 :class:`IncrementalEncoder` " +"对象的生命期内在不同的错误处理策略之间进行切换。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:612 +msgid "" +"Encodes *object* (taking the current state of the encoder into account) and " +"returns the resulting encoded object. If this is the last call to " +":meth:`encode` *final* must be true (the default is false)." +msgstr "" +"编码 *object* (会将编码器的当前状态纳入考虑) 并返回已编码的结果对象。 如果这是对 :meth:`encode` 的最终调用则 " +"*final* 必须为真值（默认为假值）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:619 +msgid "" +"Reset the encoder to the initial state. The output is discarded: call " +"``.encode(object, final=True)``, passing an empty byte or text string if " +"necessary, to reset the encoder and to get the output." +msgstr "" +"将编码器重置为初始状态。 输出将被丢弃：调用 ``.encode(object, " +"final=True)``，在必要时传入一个空字节串或字符串，重置编码器并得到输出。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Return the current state of the encoder which must be an integer. The " +"implementation should make sure that ``0`` is the most common state. (States" +" that are more complicated than integers can be converted into an integer by" +" marshaling/pickling the state and encoding the bytes of the resulting " +"string into an integer.)" +msgstr "" +"返回编码器的当前状态，该值必须为一个整数。 实现应当确保 ``0`` 是最常见的状态。 " +"（比整数更复杂的状态表示可以通过编组/选择状态并将结果字符串的字节数据编码为整数来转换为一个整数值）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:635 +msgid "" +"Set the state of the encoder to *state*. *state* must be an encoder state " +"returned by :meth:`getstate`." +msgstr "将编码器的状态设为 *state*。 *state* 必须为 :meth:`getstate` 所返回的一个编码器状态。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:642 +msgid "IncrementalDecoder Objects" +msgstr "IncrementalDecoder 对象" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:644 +msgid "" +"The :class:`IncrementalDecoder` class is used for decoding an input in " +"multiple steps. It defines the following methods which every incremental " +"decoder must define in order to be compatible with the Python codec " +"registry." +msgstr "" +":class:`IncrementalDecoder` 类用来对一个输入进行分步解码。 它定义了以下方法，每个增量式解码器都必须定义这些方法以便与 " +"Python 编解码器注册表相兼容。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:651 +msgid "Constructor for an :class:`IncrementalDecoder` instance." +msgstr ":class:`IncrementalDecoder` 实例的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:653 +msgid "" +"All incremental decoders must provide this constructor interface. They are " +"free to add additional keyword arguments, but only the ones defined here are" +" used by the Python codec registry." +msgstr "" +"所有增量式解码器必须提供此构造器接口。 它们可以自由地添加额外的关键字参数，但只有在这里定义的参数才会被 Python 编解码器注册表所使用。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:657 +msgid "" +"The :class:`IncrementalDecoder` may implement different error handling " +"schemes by providing the *errors* keyword argument. See :ref:`error-" +"handlers` for possible values." +msgstr "" +":class:`IncrementalDecoder` 可以通过提供 *errors* 关键字参数来实现不同的错误处理方案。 可用的值请参阅 " +":ref:`error-handlers`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:661 +msgid "" +"The *errors* argument will be assigned to an attribute of the same name. " +"Assigning to this attribute makes it possible to switch between different " +"error handling strategies during the lifetime of the " +":class:`IncrementalDecoder` object." +msgstr "" +"*errors* 参数将被赋值给一个同名的属性。 通过对此属性赋值就可以在 :class:`IncrementalDecoder` " +"对象的生命期内在不同的错误处理策略之间进行切换。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:669 +msgid "" +"Decodes *object* (taking the current state of the decoder into account) and " +"returns the resulting decoded object. If this is the last call to " +":meth:`decode` *final* must be true (the default is false). If *final* is " +"true the decoder must decode the input completely and must flush all " +"buffers. If this isn't possible (e.g. because of incomplete byte sequences " +"at the end of the input) it must initiate error handling just like in the " +"stateless case (which might raise an exception)." +msgstr "" +"解码 *object* (会将解码器的当前状态纳入考虑) 并返回已解码的结果对象。 如果这是对 :meth:`decode` 的最终调用则 " +"*final* 必须为真值（默认为假值）。 如果 *final* 为真值则解码器必须对输入进行完全解码并且必须 刷新所有缓冲区。 " +"如果这无法做到（例如由于在输入结束时字节串序列不完整）则它必须像在无状态的情况下那样初始化错误处理（这可能引发一个异常）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:680 +msgid "Reset the decoder to the initial state." +msgstr "将解码器重置为初始状态。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:685 +msgid "" +"Return the current state of the decoder. This must be a tuple with two " +"items, the first must be the buffer containing the still undecoded input. " +"The second must be an integer and can be additional state info. (The " +"implementation should make sure that ``0`` is the most common additional " +"state info.) If this additional state info is ``0`` it must be possible to " +"set the decoder to the state which has no input buffered and ``0`` as the " +"additional state info, so that feeding the previously buffered input to the " +"decoder returns it to the previous state without producing any output. " +"(Additional state info that is more complicated than integers can be " +"converted into an integer by marshaling/pickling the info and encoding the " +"bytes of the resulting string into an integer.)" +msgstr "" +"返回解码器的当前状态。 这必须为一个二元组，第一项必须是包含尚未解码的输入的缓冲区。 第二项必须为一个整数，可以表示附加状态信息。 （实现应当确保 " +"``0`` 是最常见的附加状态信息。） 如果此附加状态信息为 ``0`` 则必须可以将解码器设为没有已缓冲输入并且以 ``0`` " +"作为附加状态信息，以便将先前已缓冲的输入馈送到解码器使其返回到先前的状态而不产生任何输出。 " +"（比整数更复杂的附加状态信息可以通过编组/选择状态信息并将结果字符串的字节数据编码为整数来转换为一个整数值。）" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:700 +msgid "" +"Set the state of the decoder to *state*. *state* must be a decoder state " +"returned by :meth:`getstate`." +msgstr "将解码器的状态设为 *state*。 *state* 必须为 :meth:`getstate` 所返回的一个解码器状态。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:705 +msgid "Stream Encoding and Decoding" +msgstr "流式的编码和解码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:708 +msgid "" +"The :class:`StreamWriter` and :class:`StreamReader` classes provide generic " +"working interfaces which can be used to implement new encoding submodules " +"very easily. See :mod:`!encodings.utf_8` for an example of how this is done." +msgstr "" +"The :class:`StreamWriter` 和 :class:`StreamReader` " +"类提供了一些泛用工作接口，可被用来非常方便地实现新的编码格式子模块。 请参阅 :mod:`!encodings.utf_8` " +"中的示例了解如何做到这一点。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:716 +msgid "StreamWriter Objects" +msgstr "StreamWriter 对象" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:718 +msgid "" +"The :class:`StreamWriter` class is a subclass of :class:`Codec` and defines " +"the following methods which every stream writer must define in order to be " +"compatible with the Python codec registry." +msgstr "" +":class:`StreamWriter` 类是 :class:`Codec` 的子类，它定义了以下方法，每个流式写入器都必须定义这些方法以便与 " +"Python 编解码器注册表相兼容。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:725 +msgid "Constructor for a :class:`StreamWriter` instance." +msgstr ":class:`StreamWriter` 实例的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:727 +msgid "" +"All stream writers must provide this constructor interface. They are free to" +" add additional keyword arguments, but only the ones defined here are used " +"by the Python codec registry." +msgstr "" +"所有流式写入器必须提供此构造器接口。 它们可以自由地添加额外的关键字参数，但只有在这里定义的参数才会被 Python 编解码器注册表所使用。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:731 +msgid "" +"The *stream* argument must be a file-like object open for writing text or " +"binary data, as appropriate for the specific codec." +msgstr "*stream* 参数必须为一个基于特定编解码器打开用于写入文本或二进制数据的文件型对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:734 +msgid "" +"The :class:`StreamWriter` may implement different error handling schemes by " +"providing the *errors* keyword argument. See :ref:`error-handlers` for the " +"standard error handlers the underlying stream codec may support." +msgstr "" +":class:`StreamWriter` 可以通过提供 *errors* 关键字参数来实现不同的错误处理方案。 请参阅 :ref:`error-" +"handlers` 了解下层的流式编解码器可支持的标准错误处理方案。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:738 +msgid "" +"The *errors* argument will be assigned to an attribute of the same name. " +"Assigning to this attribute makes it possible to switch between different " +"error handling strategies during the lifetime of the :class:`StreamWriter` " +"object." +msgstr "" +"*errors* 参数将被赋值给一个同名的属性。 通过对此属性赋值就可以在 :class:`StreamWriter` " +"对象的生命期内在不同的错误处理策略之间进行切换。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:744 +msgid "Writes the object's contents encoded to the stream." +msgstr "将编码后的对象内容写入到流。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:749 +msgid "" +"Writes the concatenated iterable of strings to the stream (possibly by " +"reusing the :meth:`write` method). Infinite or very large iterables are not " +"supported. The standard bytes-to-bytes codecs do not support this method." +msgstr "" +"将拼接后的字符串可迭代对象写入到流（可能通过重用 :meth:`write` 方法）。 无限长或非常大的可迭代对象不受支持。 " +"标准的字节到字节编解码器不支持此方法。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:757 ../../library/codecs.rst:852 +msgid "Resets the codec buffers used for keeping internal state." +msgstr "重置用于保持内部状态的编解码器缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:759 +msgid "" +"Calling this method should ensure that the data on the output is put into a " +"clean state that allows appending of new fresh data without having to rescan" +" the whole stream to recover state." +msgstr "调用此方法应当确保在干净的状态下放入输出数据，以允许直接添加新的干净数据而无须重新扫描整个流来恢复状态。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:764 +msgid "" +"In addition to the above methods, the :class:`StreamWriter` must also " +"inherit all other methods and attributes from the underlying stream." +msgstr "除了上述的方法，:class:`StreamWriter` 还必须继承来自下层流的所有其他方法和属性。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:771 +msgid "StreamReader Objects" +msgstr "StreamReader 对象" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:773 +msgid "" +"The :class:`StreamReader` class is a subclass of :class:`Codec` and defines " +"the following methods which every stream reader must define in order to be " +"compatible with the Python codec registry." +msgstr "" +":class:`StreamReader` 类是 :class:`Codec` 的子类，它定义了以下方法，每个流式读取器都必须定义这些方法以便与 " +"Python 编解码器注册表相兼容。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:780 +msgid "Constructor for a :class:`StreamReader` instance." +msgstr ":class:`StreamReader` 实例的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:782 +msgid "" +"All stream readers must provide this constructor interface. They are free to" +" add additional keyword arguments, but only the ones defined here are used " +"by the Python codec registry." +msgstr "" +"所有流式读取器必须提供此构造器接口。 它们可以自由地添加额外的关键字参数，但只有在这里定义的参数才会被 Python 编解码器注册表所使用。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:786 +msgid "" +"The *stream* argument must be a file-like object open for reading text or " +"binary data, as appropriate for the specific codec." +msgstr "*stream* 参数必须为一个基于特定编解码器打开用于读取文本或二进制数据的文件型对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:789 +msgid "" +"The :class:`StreamReader` may implement different error handling schemes by " +"providing the *errors* keyword argument. See :ref:`error-handlers` for the " +"standard error handlers the underlying stream codec may support." +msgstr "" +":class:`StreamReader` 可以通过提供 *errors* 关键字参数来实现不同的错误处理方案。 请参阅 :ref:`error-" +"handlers` 了解下层的流式编解码器可支持的标准错误处理方案。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:793 +msgid "" +"The *errors* argument will be assigned to an attribute of the same name. " +"Assigning to this attribute makes it possible to switch between different " +"error handling strategies during the lifetime of the :class:`StreamReader` " +"object." +msgstr "" +"*errors* 参数将被赋值给一个同名的属性。 通过对此属性赋值就可以在 :class:`StreamReader` " +"对象的生命期内在不同的错误处理策略之间进行切换。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:797 +msgid "" +"The set of allowed values for the *errors* argument can be extended with " +":func:`register_error`." +msgstr "*errors* 参数所允许的值集合可以使用 :func:`register_error` 来扩展。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:803 +msgid "Decodes data from the stream and returns the resulting object." +msgstr "解码来自流的数据并返回结果对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:805 +msgid "" +"The *chars* argument indicates the number of decoded code points or bytes to" +" return. The :func:`read` method will never return more data than requested," +" but it might return less, if there is not enough available." +msgstr "" +"*chars* 参数指明要返回的解码后码位或字节数量。 :func:`read` " +"方法绝不会返回超出请求数量的数据，但如果可用数量不足，它可能返回少于请求数量的数据。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:810 +msgid "" +"The *size* argument indicates the approximate maximum number of encoded " +"bytes or code points to read for decoding. The decoder can modify this " +"setting as appropriate. The default value -1 indicates to read and decode as" +" much as possible. This parameter is intended to prevent having to decode " +"huge files in one step." +msgstr "" +"*size* 参数指明要读取并解码的已编码字节或码位的最大数量近似值。 解码器可以适当地修改此设置。 默认值 -1 表示尽可能多地读取并解码。 " +"此形参的目的是防止一次性解码过于巨大的文件。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:817 +msgid "" +"The *firstline* flag indicates that it would be sufficient to only return " +"the first line, if there are decoding errors on later lines." +msgstr "*firstline* 旗标指明如果在后续行发生解码错误，则仅返回第一行就足够了。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:821 +msgid "" +"The method should use a greedy read strategy meaning that it should read as " +"much data as is allowed within the definition of the encoding and the given " +"size, e.g. if optional encoding endings or state markers are available on " +"the stream, these should be read too." +msgstr "" +"此方法应当使用“贪婪”读取策略，这意味着它应当在编码格式定义和给定大小所允许的情况下尽可能多地读取数据，例如，如果在流上存在可选的编码结束或状态标记，这些内容也应当被读取。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:829 +msgid "Read one line from the input stream and return the decoded data." +msgstr "从输入流读取一行并返回解码后的数据。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:831 +msgid "" +"*size*, if given, is passed as size argument to the stream's :meth:`read` " +"method." +msgstr "如果给定了 *size*，则将其作为 size 参数传递给流的 :meth:`read` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:834 +msgid "" +"If *keepends* is false line-endings will be stripped from the lines " +"returned." +msgstr "如果 *keepends* 为假值，则行结束符将从返回的行中去除。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:840 +msgid "" +"Read all lines available on the input stream and return them as a list of " +"lines." +msgstr "从输入流读取所有行并将其作为一个行列表返回。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:843 +msgid "" +"Line-endings are implemented using the codec's :meth:`decode` method and are" +" included in the list entries if *keepends* is true." +msgstr "行结束符会使用编解码器的 :meth:`decode` 方法来实现，并且如果 *keepends* 为真值则会将其包含在列表条目中。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:846 +msgid "" +"*sizehint*, if given, is passed as the *size* argument to the stream's " +":meth:`read` method." +msgstr "如果给定了 *sizehint*，则将其作为 *size* 参数传递给流的 :meth:`read` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:854 +msgid "" +"Note that no stream repositioning should take place. This method is " +"primarily intended to be able to recover from decoding errors." +msgstr "请注意不应当对流进行重定位。 使用此方法的主要目的是为了能够从解码错误中恢复。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:858 +msgid "" +"In addition to the above methods, the :class:`StreamReader` must also " +"inherit all other methods and attributes from the underlying stream." +msgstr "除了上述的方法，:class:`StreamReader` 还必须继承来自下层流的所有其他方法和属性。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:864 +msgid "StreamReaderWriter Objects" +msgstr "StreamReaderWriter 对象" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:866 +msgid "" +"The :class:`StreamReaderWriter` is a convenience class that allows wrapping " +"streams which work in both read and write modes." +msgstr ":class:`StreamReaderWriter` 是一个方便的类，允许对同时工作于读取和写入模式的流进行包装。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:869 ../../library/codecs.rst:893 +msgid "" +"The design is such that one can use the factory functions returned by the " +":func:`lookup` function to construct the instance." +msgstr "其设计使得开发者可以使用 :func:`lookup` 函数所返回的工厂函数来构造实例。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:875 +msgid "" +"Creates a :class:`StreamReaderWriter` instance. *stream* must be a file-like" +" object. *Reader* and *Writer* must be factory functions or classes " +"providing the :class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` interface " +"resp. Error handling is done in the same way as defined for the stream " +"readers and writers." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :class:`StreamReaderWriter` 实例。 *stream* 必须为一个文件型对象。 *Reader* 和 " +"*Writer* 必须为分别提供了 :class:`StreamReader` 和 :class:`StreamWriter` 接口的工厂函数或类。 " +"错误处理通过与流式读取器和写入器所定义的相同方式来完成。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:880 +msgid "" +":class:`StreamReaderWriter` instances define the combined interfaces of " +":class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` classes. They inherit all " +"other methods and attributes from the underlying stream." +msgstr "" +":class:`StreamReaderWriter` 实例定义了 :class:`StreamReader` 和 " +":class:`StreamWriter` 类的组合接口。 它们还继承了来自下层流的所有其他方法和属性。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:888 +msgid "StreamRecoder Objects" +msgstr "StreamRecoder 对象" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:890 +msgid "" +"The :class:`StreamRecoder` translates data from one encoding to another, " +"which is sometimes useful when dealing with different encoding environments." +msgstr ":class:`StreamRecoder` 将数据从一种编码格式转换为另一种，这对于处理不同编码环境的情况有时会很有用。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:899 +msgid "" +"Creates a :class:`StreamRecoder` instance which implements a two-way " +"conversion: *encode* and *decode* work on the frontend — the data visible to" +" code calling :meth:`~StreamReader.read` and :meth:`~StreamWriter.write`, " +"while *Reader* and *Writer* work on the backend — the data in *stream*." +msgstr "" +"创建一个实现了双向转换的 :class:`StreamRecoder` 实例: *encode* 和 *decode* 工作于前端 —— 调用 " +":meth:`~StreamReader.read` 和 :meth:`~StreamWriter.write` 的代码可见的数据，而 *Reader*" +" 和 *Writer* 工作于后端 —— *stream* 中的数据。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:905 +msgid "" +"You can use these objects to do transparent transcodings, e.g., from Latin-1" +" to UTF-8 and back." +msgstr "你可以使用这些对象来进行透明转码，例如从 Latin-1 转为 UTF-8 以及反向转换。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:908 +msgid "The *stream* argument must be a file-like object." +msgstr "*stream* 参数必须为一个文件型对象。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:910 +msgid "" +"The *encode* and *decode* arguments must adhere to the :class:`Codec` " +"interface. *Reader* and *Writer* must be factory functions or classes " +"providing objects of the :class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` " +"interface respectively." +msgstr "" +"*encode* 和 *decode* 参数必须遵循 :class:`Codec` 接口。 *Reader* 和 *Writer* 必须为分别提供了 " +":class:`StreamReader` 和 :class:`StreamWriter` 接口对象的工厂函数或类。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:915 +msgid "" +"Error handling is done in the same way as defined for the stream readers and" +" writers." +msgstr "错误处理通过与流式读取器和写入器所定义的相同方式来完成。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:919 +msgid "" +":class:`StreamRecoder` instances define the combined interfaces of " +":class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` classes. They inherit all " +"other methods and attributes from the underlying stream." +msgstr "" +":class:`StreamRecoder` 实例定义了 :class:`StreamReader` 和 :class:`StreamWriter` " +"类的组合接口。 它们还继承了来自下层流的所有其他方法和属性。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:927 +msgid "Encodings and Unicode" +msgstr "编码格式与 Unicode" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Strings are stored internally as sequences of code points in range " +"``U+0000``--``U+10FFFF``. (See :pep:`393` for more details about the " +"implementation.) Once a string object is used outside of CPU and memory, " +"endianness and how these arrays are stored as bytes become an issue. As with" +" other codecs, serialising a string into a sequence of bytes is known as " +"*encoding*, and recreating the string from the sequence of bytes is known as" +" *decoding*. There are a variety of different text serialisation codecs, " +"which are collectivity referred to as :term:`text encodings `." +msgstr "" +"字符串在系统内部存储为 ``U+0000``--``U+10FFFF`` 范围内的码位序列。 （请参阅 :pep:`393` 了解有关实现的详情。） " +"一旦字符串对象要在 CPU 和内存以外使用，字节的大小端顺序和字节数组的存储方式就成为一个影响因素。 " +"如同使用其他编解码器一样，将字符串序列化为字节序列被称为 *编码*，而从字节序列重建字符串被称为 *解码*。 " +"存在许多不同的文本序列化编解码器，它们被统称为 :term:`文本编码格式 `。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:939 +msgid "" +"The simplest text encoding (called ``'latin-1'`` or ``'iso-8859-1'``) maps " +"the code points 0--255 to the bytes ``0x0``--``0xff``, which means that a " +"string object that contains code points above ``U+00FF`` can't be encoded " +"with this codec. Doing so will raise a :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` that looks " +"like the following (although the details of the error message may differ): " +"``UnicodeEncodeError: 'latin-1' codec can't encode character '\\u1234' in " +"position 3: ordinal not in range(256)``." +msgstr "" +"最简单的文本编码格式 (称为 ``'latin-1'`` 或 ``'iso-8859-1'``) 将码位 0--255 映射为字节值 " +"``0x0``--``0xff``，这意味着包含 ``U+00FF`` 以上码位的字符串对象无法使用此编解码器进行编码。 这样做将引发 " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`，其形式类似下面这样（不过详细的错误信息可能会有所不同）: ``UnicodeEncodeError:" +" 'latin-1' codec can't encode character '\\u1234' in position 3: ordinal not" +" in range(256)``。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:947 +msgid "" +"There's another group of encodings (the so called charmap encodings) that " +"choose a different subset of all Unicode code points and how these code " +"points are mapped to the bytes ``0x0``--``0xff``. To see how this is done " +"simply open e.g. :file:`encodings/cp1252.py` (which is an encoding that is " +"used primarily on Windows). There's a string constant with 256 characters " +"that shows you which character is mapped to which byte value." +msgstr "" +"还有另外一组编码格式（所谓的字符映射编码）会选择全部 Unicode 码位的不同子集并设定如何将这些码位映射为字节值 " +"``0x0``--``0xff``。 要查看这是如何实现的，只需简单地打开相应源码例如 :file:`encodings/cp1252.py` " +"(这是一个主要在 Windows 上使用的编码格式)。 其中会有一个包含 256 个字符的字符串常量，指明每个字符所映射的字节值。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:954 +msgid "" +"All of these encodings can only encode 256 of the 1114112 code points " +"defined in Unicode. A simple and straightforward way that can store each " +"Unicode code point, is to store each code point as four consecutive bytes. " +"There are two possibilities: store the bytes in big endian or in little " +"endian order. These two encodings are called ``UTF-32-BE`` and ``UTF-32-LE``" +" respectively. Their disadvantage is that if e.g. you use ``UTF-32-BE`` on a" +" little endian machine you will always have to swap bytes on encoding and " +"decoding. ``UTF-32`` avoids this problem: bytes will always be in natural " +"endianness. When these bytes are read by a CPU with a different endianness, " +"then bytes have to be swapped though. To be able to detect the endianness of" +" a ``UTF-16`` or ``UTF-32`` byte sequence, there's the so called BOM (\"Byte" +" Order Mark\"). This is the Unicode character ``U+FEFF``. This character can" +" be prepended to every ``UTF-16`` or ``UTF-32`` byte sequence. The byte " +"swapped version of this character (``0xFFFE``) is an illegal character that " +"may not appear in a Unicode text. So when the first character in a " +"``UTF-16`` or ``UTF-32`` byte sequence appears to be a ``U+FFFE`` the bytes " +"have to be swapped on decoding. Unfortunately the character ``U+FEFF`` had a" +" second purpose as a ``ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE``: a character that has no " +"width and doesn't allow a word to be split. It can e.g. be used to give " +"hints to a ligature algorithm. With Unicode 4.0 using ``U+FEFF`` as a ``ZERO" +" WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE`` has been deprecated (with ``U+2060`` (``WORD " +"JOINER``) assuming this role). Nevertheless Unicode software still must be " +"able to handle ``U+FEFF`` in both roles: as a BOM it's a device to determine" +" the storage layout of the encoded bytes, and vanishes once the byte " +"sequence has been decoded into a string; as a ``ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE`` " +"it's a normal character that will be decoded like any other." +msgstr "" +"所有这些编码格式只能对 Unicode 所定义的 1114112 个码位中的 256 个进行编码。 一种能够存储每个 Unicode " +"码位的简单而直接的办法就是将每个友们存储为四个连续的字节。 存在两种不同的可能性：以大端序存储或以小端序存储。 这两种编码格式分别被称为 " +"``UTF-32-BE`` 和 ``UTF-32-LE``。 他们共有的缺点可以举例说明：如果你在一台小端序的机器上使用 ``UTF-32-BE`` " +"则你必须在编码和解码时翻转字节。 ``UTF-32`` 避免了这个问题：字节的排列将总是使用自然端序。 当这些字节被具有不同端序的 CPU " +"读取时，则必须进行字节翻转。 为了能够检测 ``UTF-16`` 或 ``UTF-32`` 字节序列的大小端序，可以使用所谓的 BOM " +"(\"字节顺序标记\")。 这对应于 Unicode 字符 ``U+FEFF``。 此字符可被添加到每个 ``UTF-16`` 或 ``UTF-32``" +" 字节序列的开头。 此字符的字节翻转版本 (``0xFFFE``) 是一个不可出现于 Unicode 文本中的非法字符。 因此当发现一个 " +"``UTF-16`` 或 ``UTF-32`` 字节序列的首个字符是 ``U+FFFE`` 时，就必须在解码时进行字节翻转。 不幸的是字符 " +"``U+FEFF`` 还有第二个含义 ``ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE``: 即宽度为零并且不允许用来拆分单词的字符。 " +"它可以被用来为语言分析算法提供提示。 在 Unicode 4.0 中使用 ``U+FEFF`` 表示 ``ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK " +"SPACE`` 已被弃用 (改用 ``U+2060`` (``WORD JOINER``) 负责此任务)。 然而 Unicode 软件仍然必须能够处理 " +"``U+FEFF`` 的两个含义：作为 BOM 它被用来确定已编码字节的存储布局，并在字节序列被解码为字符串后将其去除；作为 ``ZERO WIDTH " +"NO-BREAK SPACE`` 它是一个普通字符，将像其他字符一样被解码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:980 +msgid "" +"There's another encoding that is able to encode the full range of Unicode " +"characters: UTF-8. UTF-8 is an 8-bit encoding, which means there are no " +"issues with byte order in UTF-8. Each byte in a UTF-8 byte sequence consists" +" of two parts: marker bits (the most significant bits) and payload bits. The" +" marker bits are a sequence of zero to four ``1`` bits followed by a ``0`` " +"bit. Unicode characters are encoded like this (with x being payload bits, " +"which when concatenated give the Unicode character):" +msgstr "" +"还有另一种编码格式能够对所有 Unicode 字符进行编码：UTF-8。 UTF-8 是一种 8 位编码，这意味着在 UTF-8 中没有字节顺序问题。 " +"UTF-8 字节序列中的每个字节由两部分组成：标志位（最重要的位）和内容位。 标志位是由零至四个值为 ``1`` 的二进制位加一个值为 ``0`` " +"的二进制位构成的序列。 Unicode 字符会按以下形式进行编码（其中 x 为内容位，当拼接为一体时将给出对应的 Unicode 字符）:" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:989 +msgid "Range" +msgstr "范围" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:989 +msgid "Encoding" +msgstr "编码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:991 +msgid "``U-00000000`` ... ``U-0000007F``" +msgstr "``U-00000000`` ... ``U-0000007F``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:991 +msgid "0xxxxxxx" +msgstr "0xxxxxxx" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:993 +msgid "``U-00000080`` ... ``U-000007FF``" +msgstr "``U-00000080`` ... ``U-000007FF``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:993 +msgid "110xxxxx 10xxxxxx" +msgstr "110xxxxx 10xxxxxx" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:995 +msgid "``U-00000800`` ... ``U-0000FFFF``" +msgstr "``U-00000800`` ... ``U-0000FFFF``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:995 +msgid "1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx" +msgstr "1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:997 +msgid "``U-00010000`` ... ``U-0010FFFF``" +msgstr "``U-00010000`` ... ``U-0010FFFF``" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:997 +msgid "11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx" +msgstr "11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"The least significant bit of the Unicode character is the rightmost x bit." +msgstr "Unicode 字符最不重要的一个位就是最右侧的二进制位 x。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"As UTF-8 is an 8-bit encoding no BOM is required and any ``U+FEFF`` " +"character in the decoded string (even if it's the first character) is " +"treated as a ``ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE``." +msgstr "" +"由于 UTF-8 是一种 8 位编码格式，因此 BOM 是不必要的，并且已编码字符串中的任何 ``U+FEFF`` " +"字符（即使是作为第一个字符）都会被视为是 ``ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE``。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"Without external information it's impossible to reliably determine which " +"encoding was used for encoding a string. Each charmap encoding can decode " +"any random byte sequence. However that's not possible with UTF-8, as UTF-8 " +"byte sequences have a structure that doesn't allow arbitrary byte sequences." +" To increase the reliability with which a UTF-8 encoding can be detected, " +"Microsoft invented a variant of UTF-8 (that Python calls ``\"utf-8-sig\"``) " +"for its Notepad program: Before any of the Unicode characters is written to " +"the file, a UTF-8 encoded BOM (which looks like this as a byte sequence: " +"``0xef``, ``0xbb``, ``0xbf``) is written. As it's rather improbable that any" +" charmap encoded file starts with these byte values (which would e.g. map to" +msgstr "" +"在没有外部信息的情况下将不可能毫无疑义地确定一个字符串使用了何种编码格式。 每种字符映射编码格式都可以解码任意的随机字节序列。 然而对 UTF-8 " +"来说这却是不可能的，因为 UTF-8 字节序列具有不允许任意字节序列的特别结构。 为了提升 UTF-8 编码格式检测的可靠性，Microsoft " +"发明了一种 UTF-8 的变体形式 (Python 称之为 ``\"utf-8-sig\"``) 专门用于其 Notepad 程序：在任何 " +"Unicode 字节被写入文件之前，会先写入一个 UTF-8 编码的 BOM (它看起来是这样一个字节序列: ``0xef``, ``0xbb``, " +"``0xbf``)。 由于任何字符映射编码后的文件都不大可能以这些字节值开头 (例如它们会映射为" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:0 +msgid "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS" +msgstr "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:0 +msgid "RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK" +msgstr "RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:0 +msgid "INVERTED QUESTION MARK" +msgstr "INVERTED QUESTION MARK" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"in iso-8859-1), this increases the probability that a ``utf-8-sig`` encoding" +" can be correctly guessed from the byte sequence. So here the BOM is not " +"used to be able to determine the byte order used for generating the byte " +"sequence, but as a signature that helps in guessing the encoding. On " +"encoding the utf-8-sig codec will write ``0xef``, ``0xbb``, ``0xbf`` as the " +"first three bytes to the file. On decoding ``utf-8-sig`` will skip those " +"three bytes if they appear as the first three bytes in the file. In UTF-8, " +"the use of the BOM is discouraged and should generally be avoided." +msgstr "" +"对于 iso-8859-1 编码格式来说），这提升了根据字节序列来正确猜测 ``utf-8-sig`` 编码格式的成功率。 所以在这里 BOM " +"的作用并不是帮助确定生成字节序列所使用的字节顺序，而是作为帮助猜测编码格式的记号。 在进行编码时 utf-8-sig 编解码器将把 ``0xef``, " +"``0xbb``, ``0xbf`` 作为头三个字节写入文件。 在进行解码时 ``utf-8-sig`` " +"将跳过这三个字节，如果它们作为文件的头三个字节出现的话。 在 UTF-8 中并不推荐使用 BOM，通常应当避免它们的出现。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1035 +msgid "Standard Encodings" +msgstr "标准编码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"Python comes with a number of codecs built-in, either implemented as C " +"functions or with dictionaries as mapping tables. The following table lists " +"the codecs by name, together with a few common aliases, and the languages " +"for which the encoding is likely used. Neither the list of aliases nor the " +"list of languages is meant to be exhaustive. Notice that spelling " +"alternatives that only differ in case or use a hyphen instead of an " +"underscore are also valid aliases; therefore, e.g. ``'utf-8'`` is a valid " +"alias for the ``'utf_8'`` codec." +msgstr "" +"Python 自带了许多内置的编解码器，它们的实现或者是通过 C 函数，或者是通过映射表。 " +"以下表格是按名称排序的编解码器列表，并提供了一些常见别名以及编码格式通常针对的语言。 别名和语言列表都不是详尽无遗的。 " +"请注意仅有大小写区别或使用连字符替代下划线的拼写形式也都是有效的别名；因此，``'utf-8'`` 是 ``'utf_8'`` 编解码器的有效别名。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"Some common encodings can bypass the codecs lookup machinery to improve " +"performance. These optimization opportunities are only recognized by CPython" +" for a limited set of (case insensitive) aliases: utf-8, utf8, latin-1, " +"latin1, iso-8859-1, iso8859-1, mbcs (Windows only), ascii, us-ascii, utf-16," +" utf16, utf-32, utf32, and the same using underscores instead of dashes. " +"Using alternative aliases for these encodings may result in slower " +"execution." +msgstr "" +"有些常见编码格式可以绕过编解码器查找机制来提升性能。 这些优化机会对于 CPython 来说仅能通过一组有限的别名（大小写不敏感）来识别：utf-8, " +"utf8, latin-1, latin1, iso-8859-1, iso8859-1, mbcs (Windows 专属), ascii, us-" +"ascii, utf-16, utf16, utf-32, utf32, 也包括使用下划线替代连字符的的形式。 " +"使用这些编码格式的其他别名可能会导致更慢的执行速度。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1055 +msgid "Optimization opportunity recognized for us-ascii." +msgstr "可识别针对 us-ascii 的优化机会。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"Many of the character sets support the same languages. They vary in " +"individual characters (e.g. whether the EURO SIGN is supported or not), and " +"in the assignment of characters to code positions. For the European " +"languages in particular, the following variants typically exist:" +msgstr "" +"许多字符集都支持相同的语言。 它们在个别字符（例如是否支持 EURO SIGN 等）以及给字符所分配的码位方面存在差异。 " +"特别是对于欧洲语言来说，通常存在以下几种变体：" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1063 +msgid "an ISO 8859 codeset" +msgstr "某个 ISO 8859 编码集" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"a Microsoft Windows code page, which is typically derived from an 8859 " +"codeset, but replaces control characters with additional graphic characters" +msgstr "某个 Microsoft Windows 编码页，通常是派生自某个 8859 编码集，但会用附加的图形字符来替换控制字符。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1068 +msgid "an IBM EBCDIC code page" +msgstr "某个 IBM EBCDIC 编码页" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1070 +msgid "an IBM PC code page, which is ASCII compatible" +msgstr "某个 IBM PC 编码页，通常会兼容 ASCII" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1075 ../../library/codecs.rst:1331 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1399 ../../library/codecs.rst:1454 +msgid "Codec" +msgstr "编码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1075 ../../library/codecs.rst:1331 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1399 ../../library/codecs.rst:1454 +msgid "Aliases" +msgstr "别名" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1075 +msgid "Languages" +msgstr "语言" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1077 +msgid "ascii" +msgstr "ascii" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1077 +msgid "646, us-ascii" +msgstr "646, us-ascii" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1077 ../../library/codecs.rst:1083 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1091 +msgid "English" +msgstr "英语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1079 +msgid "big5" +msgstr "big5" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1079 +msgid "big5-tw, csbig5" +msgstr "big5-tw, csbig5" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1079 ../../library/codecs.rst:1081 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1140 +msgid "Traditional Chinese" +msgstr "繁体中文" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1081 +msgid "big5hkscs" +msgstr "big5hkscs" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1081 +msgid "big5-hkscs, hkscs" +msgstr "big5-hkscs, hkscs" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1083 +msgid "cp037" +msgstr "cp037" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1083 +msgid "IBM037, IBM039" +msgstr "IBM037, IBM039" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1085 +msgid "cp273" +msgstr "cp273" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1085 +msgid "273, IBM273, csIBM273" +msgstr "273, IBM273, csIBM273" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1085 +msgid "German" +msgstr "德语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1089 +msgid "cp424" +msgstr "cp424" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1089 +msgid "EBCDIC-CP-HE, IBM424" +msgstr "EBCDIC-CP-HE, IBM424" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1089 ../../library/codecs.rst:1109 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1119 ../../library/codecs.rst:1163 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1226 +msgid "Hebrew" +msgstr "希伯来语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1091 +msgid "cp437" +msgstr "cp437" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1091 +msgid "437, IBM437" +msgstr "437, IBM437" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1093 +msgid "cp500" +msgstr "cp500" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1093 +msgid "EBCDIC-CP-BE, EBCDIC-CP-CH, IBM500" +msgstr "EBCDIC-CP-BE, EBCDIC-CP-CH, IBM500" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1093 ../../library/codecs.rst:1102 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1113 ../../library/codecs.rst:1150 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1157 ../../library/codecs.rst:1210 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1238 ../../library/codecs.rst:1266 +msgid "Western Europe" +msgstr "西欧" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1096 +msgid "cp720" +msgstr "cp720" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1096 ../../library/codecs.rst:1123 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1165 ../../library/codecs.rst:1222 +msgid "Arabic" +msgstr "阿拉伯语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1098 +msgid "cp737" +msgstr "cp737" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1098 ../../library/codecs.rst:1129 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1133 ../../library/codecs.rst:1159 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1224 ../../library/codecs.rst:1259 +msgid "Greek" +msgstr "希腊语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1100 +msgid "cp775" +msgstr "cp775" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1100 +msgid "IBM775" +msgstr "IBM775" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1100 ../../library/codecs.rst:1167 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1217 ../../library/codecs.rst:1234 +msgid "Baltic languages" +msgstr "波罗的海语言" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1102 +msgid "cp850" +msgstr "cp850" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1102 +msgid "850, IBM850" +msgstr "850, IBM850" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1104 +msgid "cp852" +msgstr "cp852" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1104 +msgid "852, IBM852" +msgstr "852, IBM852" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1104 ../../library/codecs.rst:1152 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1213 ../../library/codecs.rst:1263 +msgid "Central and Eastern Europe" +msgstr "中欧和东欧" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1106 +msgid "cp855" +msgstr "cp855" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1106 +msgid "855, IBM855" +msgstr "855, IBM855" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1106 ../../library/codecs.rst:1154 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1219 ../../library/codecs.rst:1256 +msgid "Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian" +msgstr "白俄罗斯语，保加利亚语，马其顿语，俄语，塞尔维亚语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1109 +msgid "cp856" +msgstr "cp856" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1111 +msgid "cp857" +msgstr "cp857" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1111 +msgid "857, IBM857" +msgstr "857, IBM857" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1111 ../../library/codecs.rst:1144 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1161 ../../library/codecs.rst:1228 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1268 +msgid "Turkish" +msgstr "土耳其语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1113 +msgid "cp858" +msgstr "cp858" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1113 +msgid "858, IBM858" +msgstr "858, IBM858" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1115 +msgid "cp860" +msgstr "cp860" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1115 +msgid "860, IBM860" +msgstr "860, IBM860" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1115 +msgid "Portuguese" +msgstr "葡萄牙语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1117 +msgid "cp861" +msgstr "cp861" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1117 +msgid "861, CP-IS, IBM861" +msgstr "861, CP-IS, IBM861" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1117 ../../library/codecs.rst:1261 +msgid "Icelandic" +msgstr "冰岛语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1119 +msgid "cp862" +msgstr "cp862" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1119 +msgid "862, IBM862" +msgstr "862, IBM862" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1121 +msgid "cp863" +msgstr "cp863" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1121 +msgid "863, IBM863" +msgstr "863, IBM863" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1121 +msgid "Canadian" +msgstr "加拿大语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1123 +msgid "cp864" +msgstr "cp864" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1123 +msgid "IBM864" +msgstr "IBM864" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1125 +msgid "cp865" +msgstr "cp865" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1125 +msgid "865, IBM865" +msgstr "865, IBM865" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1125 +msgid "Danish, Norwegian" +msgstr "丹麦语/挪威语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1127 +msgid "cp866" +msgstr "cp866" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1127 +msgid "866, IBM866" +msgstr "866, IBM866" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1127 ../../library/codecs.rst:1244 +msgid "Russian" +msgstr "俄语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1129 +msgid "cp869" +msgstr "cp869" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1129 +msgid "869, CP-GR, IBM869" +msgstr "869, CP-GR, IBM869" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1131 +msgid "cp874" +msgstr "cp874" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1131 +msgid "Thai" +msgstr "泰语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1133 +msgid "cp875" +msgstr "cp875" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1135 +msgid "cp932" +msgstr "cp932" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1135 +msgid "932, ms932, mskanji, ms-kanji, windows-31j" +msgstr "932, ms932, mskanji, ms-kanji, windows-31j" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1135 ../../library/codecs.rst:1171 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1173 ../../library/codecs.rst:1175 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1192 ../../library/codecs.rst:1195 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1200 ../../library/codecs.rst:1203 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1205 ../../library/codecs.rst:1273 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1276 ../../library/codecs.rst:1279 +msgid "Japanese" +msgstr "日语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1138 +msgid "cp949" +msgstr "cp949" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1138 +msgid "949, ms949, uhc" +msgstr "949, ms949, uhc" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1138 ../../library/codecs.rst:1177 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1207 ../../library/codecs.rst:1242 +msgid "Korean" +msgstr "韩语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1140 +msgid "cp950" +msgstr "cp950" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1140 +msgid "950, ms950" +msgstr "950, ms950" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1142 +msgid "cp1006" +msgstr "cp1006" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1142 +msgid "Urdu" +msgstr "乌尔都语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1144 +msgid "cp1026" +msgstr "cp1026" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1144 +msgid "ibm1026" +msgstr "ibm1026" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1146 +msgid "cp1125" +msgstr "cp1125" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1146 +msgid "1125, ibm1125, cp866u, ruscii" +msgstr "1125, ibm1125, cp866u, ruscii" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1146 ../../library/codecs.rst:1250 +msgid "Ukrainian" +msgstr "乌克兰语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1150 +msgid "cp1140" +msgstr "cp1140" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1150 +msgid "ibm1140" +msgstr "ibm1140" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1152 +msgid "cp1250" +msgstr "cp1250" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1152 +msgid "windows-1250" +msgstr "windows-1250" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1154 +msgid "cp1251" +msgstr "cp1251" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1154 +msgid "windows-1251" +msgstr "windows-1251" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1157 +msgid "cp1252" +msgstr "cp1252" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1157 +msgid "windows-1252" +msgstr "windows-1252" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1159 +msgid "cp1253" +msgstr "cp1253" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1159 +msgid "windows-1253" +msgstr "windows-1253" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1161 +msgid "cp1254" +msgstr "cp1254" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1161 +msgid "windows-1254" +msgstr "windows-1254" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1163 +msgid "cp1255" +msgstr "cp1255" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1163 +msgid "windows-1255" +msgstr "windows-1255" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1165 +msgid "cp1256" +msgstr "cp1256" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1165 +msgid "windows-1256" +msgstr "windows-1256" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1167 +msgid "cp1257" +msgstr "cp1257" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1167 +msgid "windows-1257" +msgstr "windows-1257" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1169 +msgid "cp1258" +msgstr "cp1258" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1169 +msgid "windows-1258" +msgstr "windows-1258" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1169 +msgid "Vietnamese" +msgstr "越南语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1171 +msgid "euc_jp" +msgstr "euc_jp" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1171 +msgid "eucjp, ujis, u-jis" +msgstr "eucjp, ujis, u-jis" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1173 +msgid "euc_jis_2004" +msgstr "euc_jis_2004" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1173 +msgid "jisx0213, eucjis2004" +msgstr "jisx0213, eucjis2004" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1175 +msgid "euc_jisx0213" +msgstr "euc_jisx0213" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1175 +msgid "eucjisx0213" +msgstr "eucjisx0213" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1177 +msgid "euc_kr" +msgstr "euc_kr" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1177 +msgid "euckr, korean, ksc5601, ks_c-5601, ks_c-5601-1987, ksx1001, ks_x-1001" +msgstr "euckr, korean, ksc5601, ks_c-5601, ks_c-5601-1987, ksx1001, ks_x-1001" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1181 +msgid "gb2312" +msgstr "gb2312" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"chinese, csiso58gb231280, euc-cn, euccn, eucgb2312-cn, gb2312-1980, " +"gb2312-80, iso-ir-58" +msgstr "" +"chinese, csiso58gb231280, euc-cn, euccn, eucgb2312-cn, gb2312-1980, " +"gb2312-80, iso-ir-58" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1181 ../../library/codecs.rst:1190 +msgid "Simplified Chinese" +msgstr "简体中文" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1186 +msgid "gbk" +msgstr "gbk" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1186 +msgid "936, cp936, ms936" +msgstr "936, cp936, ms936" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1186 ../../library/codecs.rst:1188 +msgid "Unified Chinese" +msgstr "统一汉语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1188 +msgid "gb18030" +msgstr "gb18030" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1188 +msgid "gb18030-2000" +msgstr "gb18030-2000" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1190 +msgid "hz" +msgstr "hz" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1190 +msgid "hzgb, hz-gb, hz-gb-2312" +msgstr "hzgb, hz-gb, hz-gb-2312" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1192 +msgid "iso2022_jp" +msgstr "iso2022_jp" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1192 +msgid "csiso2022jp, iso2022jp, iso-2022-jp" +msgstr "csiso2022jp, iso2022jp, iso-2022-jp" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1195 +msgid "iso2022_jp_1" +msgstr "iso2022_jp_1" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1195 +msgid "iso2022jp-1, iso-2022-jp-1" +msgstr "iso2022jp-1, iso-2022-jp-1" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1197 +msgid "iso2022_jp_2" +msgstr "iso2022_jp_2" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1197 +msgid "iso2022jp-2, iso-2022-jp-2" +msgstr "iso2022jp-2, iso-2022-jp-2" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1197 +msgid "Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Western Europe, Greek" +msgstr "日语，韩语，简体中文，西欧，希腊语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1200 +msgid "iso2022_jp_2004" +msgstr "iso2022_jp_2004" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1200 +msgid "iso2022jp-2004, iso-2022-jp-2004" +msgstr "iso2022jp-2004, iso-2022-jp-2004" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1203 +msgid "iso2022_jp_3" +msgstr "iso2022_jp_3" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1203 +msgid "iso2022jp-3, iso-2022-jp-3" +msgstr "iso2022jp-3, iso-2022-jp-3" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1205 +msgid "iso2022_jp_ext" +msgstr "iso2022_jp_ext" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1205 +msgid "iso2022jp-ext, iso-2022-jp-ext" +msgstr "iso2022jp-ext, iso-2022-jp-ext" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1207 +msgid "iso2022_kr" +msgstr "iso2022_kr" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1207 +msgid "csiso2022kr, iso2022kr, iso-2022-kr" +msgstr "csiso2022kr, iso2022kr, iso-2022-kr" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1210 +msgid "latin_1" +msgstr "latin_1" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1210 +msgid "iso-8859-1, iso8859-1, 8859, cp819, latin, latin1, L1" +msgstr "iso-8859-1, iso8859-1, 8859, cp819, latin, latin1, L1" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1213 +msgid "iso8859_2" +msgstr "iso8859_2" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1213 +msgid "iso-8859-2, latin2, L2" +msgstr "iso-8859-2, latin2, L2" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1215 +msgid "iso8859_3" +msgstr "iso8859_3" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1215 +msgid "iso-8859-3, latin3, L3" +msgstr "iso-8859-3, latin3, L3" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1215 +msgid "Esperanto, Maltese" +msgstr "世界语，马耳他语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1217 +msgid "iso8859_4" +msgstr "iso8859_4" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1217 +msgid "iso-8859-4, latin4, L4" +msgstr "iso-8859-4, latin4, L4" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1219 +msgid "iso8859_5" +msgstr "iso8859_5" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1219 +msgid "iso-8859-5, cyrillic" +msgstr "iso-8859-5, cyrillic" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1222 +msgid "iso8859_6" +msgstr "iso8859_6" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1222 +msgid "iso-8859-6, arabic" +msgstr "iso-8859-6, arabic" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1224 +msgid "iso8859_7" +msgstr "iso8859_7" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1224 +msgid "iso-8859-7, greek, greek8" +msgstr "iso-8859-7, greek, greek8" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1226 +msgid "iso8859_8" +msgstr "iso8859_8" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1226 +msgid "iso-8859-8, hebrew" +msgstr "iso-8859-8, hebrew" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1228 +msgid "iso8859_9" +msgstr "iso8859_9" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1228 +msgid "iso-8859-9, latin5, L5" +msgstr "iso-8859-9, latin5, L5" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1230 +msgid "iso8859_10" +msgstr "iso8859_10" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1230 +msgid "iso-8859-10, latin6, L6" +msgstr "iso-8859-10, latin6, L6" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1230 +msgid "Nordic languages" +msgstr "北欧语言" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1232 +msgid "iso8859_11" +msgstr "iso8859_11" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1232 +msgid "iso-8859-11, thai" +msgstr "iso-8859-11, thai" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1232 +msgid "Thai languages" +msgstr "泰语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1234 +msgid "iso8859_13" +msgstr "iso8859_13" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1234 +msgid "iso-8859-13, latin7, L7" +msgstr "iso-8859-13, latin7, L7" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1236 +msgid "iso8859_14" +msgstr "iso8859_14" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1236 +msgid "iso-8859-14, latin8, L8" +msgstr "iso-8859-14, latin8, L8" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1236 +msgid "Celtic languages" +msgstr "凯尔特语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1238 +msgid "iso8859_15" +msgstr "iso8859_15" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1238 +msgid "iso-8859-15, latin9, L9" +msgstr "iso-8859-15, latin9, L9" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1240 +msgid "iso8859_16" +msgstr "iso8859_16" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1240 +msgid "iso-8859-16, latin10, L10" +msgstr "iso-8859-16, latin10, L10" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1240 +msgid "South-Eastern Europe" +msgstr "东南欧" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1242 +msgid "johab" +msgstr "johab" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1242 +msgid "cp1361, ms1361" +msgstr "cp1361, ms1361" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1244 +msgid "koi8_r" +msgstr "koi8_r" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1246 +msgid "koi8_t" +msgstr "koi8_t" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1246 +msgid "Tajik" +msgstr "塔吉克" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1250 +msgid "koi8_u" +msgstr "koi8_u" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1252 +msgid "kz1048" +msgstr "kz1048" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1252 +msgid "kz_1048, strk1048_2002, rk1048" +msgstr "kz_1048, strk1048_2002, rk1048" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1252 ../../library/codecs.rst:1270 +msgid "Kazakh" +msgstr "哈萨克语" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1256 +msgid "mac_cyrillic" +msgstr "mac_cyrillic" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1256 +msgid "maccyrillic" +msgstr "maccyrillic" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1259 +msgid "mac_greek" +msgstr "mac_greek" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1259 +msgid "macgreek" +msgstr "macgreek" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1261 +msgid "mac_iceland" +msgstr "mac_iceland" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1261 +msgid "maciceland" +msgstr "maciceland" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1263 +msgid "mac_latin2" +msgstr "mac_latin2" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1263 +msgid "maclatin2, maccentraleurope, mac_centeuro" +msgstr "maclatin2, maccentraleurope, mac_centeuro" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1266 +msgid "mac_roman" +msgstr "mac_roman" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1266 +msgid "macroman, macintosh" +msgstr "macroman, macintosh" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1268 +msgid "mac_turkish" +msgstr "mac_turkish" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1268 +msgid "macturkish" +msgstr "macturkish" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1270 +msgid "ptcp154" +msgstr "ptcp154" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1270 +msgid "csptcp154, pt154, cp154, cyrillic-asian" +msgstr "csptcp154, pt154, cp154, cyrillic-asian" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1273 +msgid "shift_jis" +msgstr "shift_jis" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1273 +msgid "csshiftjis, shiftjis, sjis, s_jis" +msgstr "csshiftjis, shiftjis, sjis, s_jis" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1276 +msgid "shift_jis_2004" +msgstr "shift_jis_2004" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1276 +msgid "shiftjis2004, sjis_2004, sjis2004" +msgstr "shiftjis2004, sjis_2004, sjis2004" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1279 +msgid "shift_jisx0213" +msgstr "shift_jisx0213" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1279 +msgid "shiftjisx0213, sjisx0213, s_jisx0213" +msgstr "shiftjisx0213, sjisx0213, s_jisx0213" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1282 +msgid "utf_32" +msgstr "utf_32" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1282 +msgid "U32, utf32" +msgstr "U32, utf32" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1282 ../../library/codecs.rst:1284 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1286 ../../library/codecs.rst:1288 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1290 ../../library/codecs.rst:1292 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1294 ../../library/codecs.rst:1296 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1298 +msgid "all languages" +msgstr "所有语言" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1284 +msgid "utf_32_be" +msgstr "utf_32_be" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1284 +msgid "UTF-32BE" +msgstr "UTF-32BE" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1286 +msgid "utf_32_le" +msgstr "utf_32_le" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1286 +msgid "UTF-32LE" +msgstr "UTF-32LE" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1288 +msgid "utf_16" +msgstr "utf_16" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1288 +msgid "U16, utf16" +msgstr "U16, utf16" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1290 +msgid "utf_16_be" +msgstr "utf_16_be" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1290 +msgid "UTF-16BE" +msgstr "UTF-16BE" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1292 +msgid "utf_16_le" +msgstr "utf_16_le" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1292 +msgid "UTF-16LE" +msgstr "UTF-16LE" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1294 +msgid "utf_7" +msgstr "utf_7" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1294 +msgid "U7, unicode-1-1-utf-7" +msgstr "U7, unicode-1-1-utf-7" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1296 +msgid "utf_8" +msgstr "utf_8" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1296 +msgid "U8, UTF, utf8, cp65001" +msgstr "U8, UTF, utf8, cp65001" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1298 +msgid "utf_8_sig" +msgstr "utf_8_sig" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"The utf-16\\* and utf-32\\* encoders no longer allow surrogate code points " +"(``U+D800``--``U+DFFF``) to be encoded. The utf-32\\* decoders no longer " +"decode byte sequences that correspond to surrogate code points." +msgstr "" +"utf-16\\* 和 utf-32\\* 编码器将不再允许编码代理码位 (``U+D800``--``U+DFFF``)。 utf-32\\* " +"解码器将不再解码与代理码位相对应的字节序列。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1307 +msgid "``cp65001`` is now an alias to ``utf_8``." +msgstr "``cp65001`` 现在是 ``utf_8`` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1312 +msgid "Python Specific Encodings" +msgstr "Python 专属的编码格式" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"A number of predefined codecs are specific to Python, so their codec names " +"have no meaning outside Python. These are listed in the tables below based " +"on the expected input and output types (note that while text encodings are " +"the most common use case for codecs, the underlying codec infrastructure " +"supports arbitrary data transforms rather than just text encodings). For " +"asymmetric codecs, the stated meaning describes the encoding direction." +msgstr "" +"有一些预定义编解码器是 Python 专属的，因此它们在 Python 之外没有意义。 " +"这些编解码器按其所预期的输入和输出类型在下表中列出（请注意虽然文本编码是编解码器最常见的使用场景，但下层的编解码器架构支持任意数据转换而不仅是文本编码）。" +" 对于非对称编解码器，该列描述的含义是编码方向。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1322 +msgid "Text Encodings" +msgstr "文字编码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1324 +msgid "" +"The following codecs provide :class:`str` to :class:`bytes` encoding and " +":term:`bytes-like object` to :class:`str` decoding, similar to the Unicode " +"text encodings." +msgstr "" +"以下编解码器提供了 :class:`str` 到 :class:`bytes` 的编码和 :term:`bytes-like object` 到 " +":class:`str` 的解码，类似于 Unicode 文本编码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1333 +msgid "idna" +msgstr "idna" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"Implement :rfc:`3490`, see also :mod:`encodings.idna`. Only " +"``errors='strict'`` is supported." +msgstr "实现 :rfc:`3490`，另请参阅 :mod:`encodings.idna` 。仅支持 ``errors='strict'`` 。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1339 +msgid "mbcs" +msgstr "mbcs" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1339 +msgid "ansi, dbcs" +msgstr "ansi, dbcs" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"Windows only: Encode the operand according to the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP)." +msgstr "Windows 专属：根据 ANSI 代码页（CP_ACP）对操作数进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1343 +msgid "oem" +msgstr "oem" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"Windows only: Encode the operand according to the OEM codepage (CP_OEMCP)." +msgstr "Windows 专属：根据 OEM 代码页（CP_OEMCP）对操作数进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1349 +msgid "palmos" +msgstr "palmos" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1349 +msgid "Encoding of PalmOS 3.5." +msgstr "PalmOS 3.5 的编码格式" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1351 +msgid "punycode" +msgstr "punycode" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1351 +msgid "Implement :rfc:`3492`. Stateful codecs are not supported." +msgstr "实现 :rfc:`3492`。 不支持有状态编解码器。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1355 +msgid "raw_unicode_escape" +msgstr "raw_unicode_escape" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1355 +msgid "" +"Latin-1 encoding with :samp:`\\\\u{XXXX}` and :samp:`\\\\U{XXXXXXXX}` for " +"other code points. Existing backslashes are not escaped in any way. It is " +"used in the Python pickle protocol." +msgstr "" +"Latin-1 编码格式附带对其他码位以 :samp:`\\\\u{XXXX}` 和 :samp:`\\\\U{XXXXXXXX}` 进行编码。 " +"现有的反斜杠不会以任何方式转义。 它被用于 Python 的 pickle 协议。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1365 +msgid "undefined" +msgstr "undefined" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1365 +msgid "" +"Raise an exception for all conversions, even empty strings. The error " +"handler is ignored." +msgstr "所有转换都将引发异常，甚至对空字符串也不例外。 错误处理方案会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1370 +msgid "unicode_escape" +msgstr "unicode_escape" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"Encoding suitable as the contents of a Unicode literal in ASCII-encoded " +"Python source code, except that quotes are not escaped. Decode from Latin-1 " +"source code. Beware that Python source code actually uses UTF-8 by default." +msgstr "" +"适合用于以 ASCII 编码的 Python 源代码中的 Unicode 字面值内容的编码格式，但引号不会被转义。 对 Latin-1 源代码进行解码。" +" 请注意 Python 源代码实际上默认使用 UTF-8。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1382 +msgid "\"unicode_internal\" codec is removed." +msgstr "\"unicode_internal\" 编解码器已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1389 +msgid "Binary Transforms" +msgstr "二进制转换" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"The following codecs provide binary transforms: :term:`bytes-like object` to" +" :class:`bytes` mappings. They are not supported by :meth:`bytes.decode` " +"(which only produces :class:`str` output)." +msgstr "" +"以下编解码器提供了二进制转换: :term:`bytes-like object` 到 :class:`bytes` 的映射。 它们不被 " +":meth:`bytes.decode` 所支持（该方法只生成 :class:`str` 类型的输出）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1399 +msgid "Encoder / decoder" +msgstr "编码器/解码器" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1401 +msgid "base64_codec [#b64]_" +msgstr "base64_codec [#b64]_" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1401 +msgid "base64, base_64" +msgstr "base64, base_64" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"Convert the operand to multiline MIME base64 (the result always includes a " +"trailing ``'\\n'``)." +msgstr "将操作数转换为多行 MIME base64 (结果总是包含一个末尾的 ``'\\n'``)" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"accepts any :term:`bytes-like object` as input for encoding and decoding" +msgstr "接受任意 :term:`bytes-like object` 作为输入用于编码和解码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1401 +msgid ":meth:`base64.encodebytes` / :meth:`base64.decodebytes`" +msgstr ":meth:`base64.encodebytes` / :meth:`base64.decodebytes`" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1412 +msgid "bz2_codec" +msgstr "bz2_codec" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1412 +msgid "bz2" +msgstr "bz2" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1412 +msgid "Compress the operand using bz2." +msgstr "使用bz2压缩操作数" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1412 +msgid ":meth:`bz2.compress` / :meth:`bz2.decompress`" +msgstr ":meth:`bz2.compress` / :meth:`bz2.decompress`" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1415 +msgid "hex_codec" +msgstr "hex_codec" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1415 +msgid "hex" +msgstr "hex" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1415 +msgid "" +"Convert the operand to hexadecimal representation, with two digits per byte." +msgstr "将操作数转换为十六进制表示，每个字节有两位数" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1415 +msgid ":meth:`binascii.b2a_hex` / :meth:`binascii.a2b_hex`" +msgstr ":meth:`binascii.b2a_hex` / :meth:`binascii.a2b_hex`" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1420 +msgid "quopri_codec" +msgstr "quopri_codec" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1420 +msgid "quopri, quotedprintable, quoted_printable" +msgstr "quopri, quotedprintable, quoted_printable" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1420 +msgid "Convert the operand to MIME quoted printable." +msgstr "将操作数转换为 MIME 带引号的可打印数据" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1420 +msgid ":meth:`quopri.encode` with ``quotetabs=True`` / :meth:`quopri.decode`" +msgstr ":meth:`quopri.encode` 且 ``quotetabs=True`` / :meth:`quopri.decode`" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1424 +msgid "uu_codec" +msgstr "uu_codec" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1424 +msgid "uu" +msgstr "uu" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1424 +msgid "Convert the operand using uuencode." +msgstr "使用uuencode转换操作数" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1427 +msgid "zlib_codec" +msgstr "zlib_codec" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1427 +msgid "zip, zlib" +msgstr "zip, zlib" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1427 +msgid "Compress the operand using gzip." +msgstr "使用gzip压缩操作数" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1427 +msgid ":meth:`zlib.compress` / :meth:`zlib.decompress`" +msgstr ":meth:`zlib.compress` / :meth:`zlib.decompress`" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"In addition to :term:`bytes-like objects `, " +"``'base64_codec'`` also accepts ASCII-only instances of :class:`str` for " +"decoding" +msgstr "" +"除了 :term:`字节类对象 `，``'base64_codec'`` 也接受仅包含 ASCII 的 " +":class:`str` 实例用于解码" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1435 +msgid "Restoration of the binary transforms." +msgstr "恢复二进制转换。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1438 +msgid "Restoration of the aliases for the binary transforms." +msgstr "恢复二进制转换的别名。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1445 +msgid "Text Transforms" +msgstr "文字转换" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"The following codec provides a text transform: a :class:`str` to " +":class:`str` mapping. It is not supported by :meth:`str.encode` (which only " +"produces :class:`bytes` output)." +msgstr "" +"以下编解码器提供了文本转换: :class:`str` 到 :class:`str` 的映射。 它不被 :meth:`str.encode` " +"所支持（该方法只生成 :class:`bytes` 类型的输出）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1456 +msgid "rot_13" +msgstr "rot_13" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1456 +msgid "rot13" +msgstr "rot13" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1456 +msgid "Return the Caesar-cypher encryption of the operand." +msgstr "返回操作数的凯撒密码加密结果" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1461 +msgid "Restoration of the ``rot_13`` text transform." +msgstr "恢复 ``rot_13`` 文本转换。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1464 +msgid "Restoration of the ``rot13`` alias." +msgstr "恢复 ``rot13`` 别名。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1469 +msgid "" +":mod:`encodings.idna` --- Internationalized Domain Names in Applications" +msgstr ":mod:`encodings.idna` --- 应用程序中的国际化域名" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1475 +msgid "" +"This module implements :rfc:`3490` (Internationalized Domain Names in " +"Applications) and :rfc:`3492` (Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for " +"Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)). It builds upon the ``punycode`` " +"encoding and :mod:`stringprep`." +msgstr "" +"此模块实现了 :rfc:`3490` (应用程序中的国际化域名) 和 :rfc:`3492` (Nameprep: 用于国际化域名 (IDN) 的 " +"Stringprep 配置文件)。 它是在 ``punycode`` 编码格式和 :mod:`stringprep` 的基础上构建的。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1480 +msgid "" +"If you need the IDNA 2008 standard from :rfc:`5891` and :rfc:`5895`, use the" +" third-party :pypi:`idna` module." +msgstr "" +"如果你需要来自 :rfc:`5891` 和 :rfc:`5895` 的 IDNA 2008 标准，请使用第三方的 :pypi:`idna` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1483 +msgid "" +"These RFCs together define a protocol to support non-ASCII characters in " +"domain names. A domain name containing non-ASCII characters (such as " +"``www.Alliancefrançaise.nu``) is converted into an ASCII-compatible encoding" +" (ACE, such as ``www.xn--alliancefranaise-npb.nu``). The ACE form of the " +"domain name is then used in all places where arbitrary characters are not " +"allowed by the protocol, such as DNS queries, HTTP :mailheader:`Host` " +"fields, and so on. This conversion is carried out in the application; if " +"possible invisible to the user: The application should transparently convert" +" Unicode domain labels to IDNA on the wire, and convert back ACE labels to " +"Unicode before presenting them to the user." +msgstr "" +"这些 RFC 共同定义了一个在域名中支持非 ASCII 字符的协议。 一个包含非 ASCII 字符的域名 (例如 " +"``www.Alliancefrançaise.nu``) 会被转换为兼容 ASCII 的编码格式 (简称 ACE，例如 ``www.xn--" +"alliancefranaise-npb.nu``)。 随后此域名的 ACE 形式可以用于所有由于特定协议而不允许使用任意字符的场合，例如 DNS " +"查询，HTTP :mailheader:`Host` 字段等等。 此转换是在应用中进行的；如有可能将对用户可见：应用应当透明地将 Unicode " +"域名标签转换为线上的 IDNA，并在 ACE 标签被呈现给用户之前将其转换回 Unicode。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1494 +msgid "" +"Python supports this conversion in several ways: the ``idna`` codec " +"performs conversion between Unicode and ACE, separating an input string into" +" labels based on the separator characters defined in :rfc:`section 3.1 of " +"RFC 3490 <3490#section-3.1>` and converting each label to ACE as required, " +"and conversely separating an input byte string into labels based on the " +"``.`` separator and converting any ACE labels found into unicode. " +"Furthermore, the :mod:`socket` module transparently converts Unicode host " +"names to ACE, so that applications need not be concerned about converting " +"host names themselves when they pass them to the socket module. On top of " +"that, modules that have host names as function parameters, such as " +":mod:`http.client` and :mod:`ftplib`, accept Unicode host names " +"(:mod:`http.client` then also transparently sends an IDNA hostname in the " +":mailheader:`Host` field if it sends that field at all)." +msgstr "" +"Python 以多种方式支持这种转换: ``idna`` 编解码器执行 Unicode 和 ACE 之间的转换，基于在 :rfc:`section " +"3.1 of RFC 3490 <3490#section-3.1>` 中定义的分隔字符将输入字符串拆分为标签，再根据需要将每个标签转换为 " +"ACE，相反地又会基于 ``.`` 分隔符将输入字节串拆分为标签，再将找到的任何 ACE 标签转换为 Unicode。 此外，:mod:`socket`" +" 模块可透明地将 Unicode 主机名转换为 ACE，以便应用在将它们传给 socket 模块时无须自行转换主机名。 " +"除此之外，许多包含以主机名作为函数参数的模块例如 :mod:`http.client` 和 :mod:`ftplib` 都接受 Unicode " +"主机名（并且 :mod:`http.client` 也会在 :mailheader:`Host` 字段中透明地发送 IDNA " +"主机名，如果它需要发送该字段的话）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1507 +msgid "" +"When receiving host names from the wire (such as in reverse name lookup), no" +" automatic conversion to Unicode is performed: applications wishing to " +"present such host names to the user should decode them to Unicode." +msgstr "" +"当从线路接收主机名时（例如反向名称查找），到 Unicode 的转换不会自动被执行：希望向用户提供此种主机名的应用应当将它们解码为 Unicode。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1511 +msgid "" +"The module :mod:`encodings.idna` also implements the nameprep procedure, " +"which performs certain normalizations on host names, to achieve case-" +"insensitivity of international domain names, and to unify similar " +"characters. The nameprep functions can be used directly if desired." +msgstr "" +":mod:`encodings.idna` 模块还实现了 nameprep " +"过程，该过程会对主机名执行特定的规范化操作，以实现国际域名的大小写不敏感特性与合并相似的字符。 如果有需要可以直接使用 nameprep 函数。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1519 +msgid "" +"Return the nameprepped version of *label*. The implementation currently " +"assumes query strings, so ``AllowUnassigned`` is true." +msgstr "返回 *label* 经过名称处理操作的版本。 该实现目前基于查询字符串，因此 ``AllowUnassigned`` 为真值。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1525 +msgid "" +"Convert a label to ASCII, as specified in :rfc:`3490`. ``UseSTD3ASCIIRules``" +" is assumed to be false." +msgstr "将标签转换为 ASCII，规则定义见 :rfc:`3490`。 ``UseSTD3ASCIIRules`` 预设为假值。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1531 +msgid "Convert a label to Unicode, as specified in :rfc:`3490`." +msgstr "将标签转换为 Unicode，规则定义见 :rfc:`3490`。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1535 +msgid ":mod:`encodings.mbcs` --- Windows ANSI codepage" +msgstr ":mod:`encodings.mbcs` --- Windows ANSI代码页" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1540 +msgid "This module implements the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP)." +msgstr "此模块实现ANSI代码页（CP_ACP）。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1542 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"Before 3.2, the *errors* argument was ignored; ``'replace'`` was always used" +" to encode, and ``'ignore'`` to decode." +msgstr "" +"在 3.2 版之前， *errors* 参数会被忽略；总是会使用 ``'replace'`` 进行编码，并使用 ``'ignore'`` 进行解码。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1548 +msgid "Support any error handler." +msgstr "支持任何错误处理" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1553 +msgid ":mod:`encodings.utf_8_sig` --- UTF-8 codec with BOM signature" +msgstr ":mod:`encodings.utf_8_sig` --- 带BOM签名的UTF-8编解码器" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:1559 +msgid "" +"This module implements a variant of the UTF-8 codec. On encoding, a UTF-8 " +"encoded BOM will be prepended to the UTF-8 encoded bytes. For the stateful " +"encoder this is only done once (on the first write to the byte stream). On " +"decoding, an optional UTF-8 encoded BOM at the start of the data will be " +"skipped." +msgstr "" +"此模块实现了 UTF-8 编解码器的一个变种：在编码时将把 UTF-8 已编码 BOM 添加到 UTF-8 编码字节数据的开头。 " +"对于有状态编码器此操作只执行一次（当首次写入字节流时）。 在解码时将跳过数据开头作为可选项的 UTF-8 已编码 BOM。" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:13 +msgid "Unicode" +msgstr "Unicode" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:13 +msgid "encode" +msgstr "encode" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:13 +msgid "decode" +msgstr "decode" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:13 +msgid "streams" +msgstr "streams" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:13 +msgid "stackable" +msgstr "stackable" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "strict" +msgstr "strict" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 ../../library/codecs.rst:364 +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:387 +msgid "error handler's name" +msgstr "错误处理器名称" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "ignore" +msgstr "ignore" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "replace" +msgstr "replace" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "backslashreplace" +msgstr "backslashreplace" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "surrogateescape" +msgstr "surrogateescape" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "replacement character" +msgstr "替代字符" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "\\ (backslash)" +msgstr "\\ (反斜杠)" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 ../../library/codecs.rst:364 +msgid "escape sequence" +msgstr "转义序列" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "\\x" +msgstr "\\x" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "\\u" +msgstr "\\u" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:312 +msgid "\\U" +msgstr "\\U" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:364 +msgid "xmlcharrefreplace" +msgstr "xmlcharrefreplace" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:364 +msgid "namereplace" +msgstr "namereplace" + +#: ../../library/codecs.rst:387 +msgid "surrogatepass" +msgstr "surrogatepass" diff --git a/library/codeop.po b/library/codeop.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b8087462 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/codeop.po @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!codeop` --- Compile Python code" +msgstr ":mod:`!codeop` --- 编译 Python 代码" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/codeop.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/codeop.py`" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`codeop` module provides utilities upon which the Python read-eval-" +"print loop can be emulated, as is done in the :mod:`code` module. As a " +"result, you probably don't want to use the module directly; if you want to " +"include such a loop in your program you probably want to use the :mod:`code`" +" module instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`codeop` 模块提供了可以模拟Python读取-执行-打印循环的实用程序，就像在 :mod:`code` " +"模块中一样。因此，您可能不希望直接使用该模块；如果你想在程序中包含这样一个循环，你可能需要使用 :mod:`code` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:20 +msgid "There are two parts to this job:" +msgstr "这个任务有两个部分:" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Being able to tell if a line of input completes a Python statement: in " +"short, telling whether to print '``>>>``' or '``...``' next." +msgstr "能够判断一行输入是否完成了一条 Python 语句：简而言之，就是告诉我们接下来是要打印 '``>>>``' 还是 '``...``'。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:25 +msgid "" +"Remembering which future statements the user has entered, so subsequent " +"input can be compiled with these in effect." +msgstr "记住用户已输入了哪些 future 语句，这样后续的输入可以在这些语句生效的状态下被编译。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`codeop` module provides a way of doing each of these things, and a" +" way of doing them both." +msgstr ":mod:`codeop` 模块提供了分别以及同时执行这两个部分的方式。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:31 +msgid "To do just the former:" +msgstr "只执行前一部分：" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Tries to compile *source*, which should be a string of Python code and " +"return a code object if *source* is valid Python code. In that case, the " +"filename attribute of the code object will be *filename*, which defaults to " +"``''``. Returns ``None`` if *source* is *not* valid Python code, but" +" is a prefix of valid Python code." +msgstr "" +"尝试编译 *source*，这应当是一个 Python 代码字符串并且在 *source* 是有效的 Python 代码时返回一个对象对象。 " +"在此情况下，代码对象的 filename 属性将为 *filename*，其默认值为 ``''``。 如果 *source* 不是 " +"*not* 有效的 Python 代码，而是有效的 Python 代码的一个前缀时将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:41 +msgid "" +"If there is a problem with *source*, an exception will be raised. " +":exc:`SyntaxError` is raised if there is invalid Python syntax, and " +":exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`ValueError` if there is an invalid literal." +msgstr "" +"如果 *source* 存在问题，将引发异常。 如果存在无效的 Python 语法将引发 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`，而如果存在无效的字面值则将引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 或 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The *symbol* argument determines whether *source* is compiled as a statement" +" (``'single'``, the default), as a sequence of :term:`statement` " +"(``'exec'``) or as an :term:`expression` (``'eval'``). Any other value will" +" cause :exc:`ValueError` to be raised." +msgstr "" +"*symbol* 参数确定 *source* 是作为一条语句 (``'single'``，为默认值)，作为一个 :term:`statement` " +"的序列 (``'exec'``) 还是作为一个 :term:`expression` (``'eval'``) 来进行编译。 任何其他值都将导致引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:52 +msgid "" +"It is possible (but not likely) that the parser stops parsing with a " +"successful outcome before reaching the end of the source; in this case, " +"trailing symbols may be ignored instead of causing an error. For example, a" +" backslash followed by two newlines may be followed by arbitrary garbage. " +"This will be fixed once the API for the parser is better." +msgstr "" +"解析器有可能（但很不常见）会在到达源码结尾之前停止解析并成功输出结果；在这种情况下，末尾的符号可能会被忽略而不是引发错误。 " +"例如，一个反斜杠加两个换行符之后可以跟随任何无意义的符号。 一旦解析器 API 得到改进将修正这个问题。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Instances of this class have :meth:`~object.__call__` methods identical in " +"signature to the built-in function :func:`compile`, but with the difference " +"that if the instance compiles program text containing a :mod:`__future__` " +"statement, the instance 'remembers' and compiles all subsequent program " +"texts with the statement in force." +msgstr "" +"该类的实例具有 :meth:`~object.__call__` 方法，其签名与内置函数 :func:`compile` " +"相似，区别在于如果该实例编译了包含 :mod:`__future__` 语句的程序文本，则该实例会‘记住’并编译后续所有的所有包含该语句的程序文本。" + +#: ../../library/codeop.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Instances of this class have :meth:`~object.__call__` methods identical in " +"signature to :func:`compile_command`; the difference is that if the instance" +" compiles program text containing a :mod:`__future__` statement, the " +"instance 'remembers' and compiles all subsequent program texts with the " +"statement in force." +msgstr "" +"该类的实例具有 :meth:`~object.__call__` 方法，其签名与 :func:`compile_command` " +"相似；区别在如果该实例编译了包含 :mod:`__future__` 语句的程序文本，则该实例会‘记住’并编译后续所有的包含该语句的程序文本。" diff --git a/library/collections.abc.po b/library/collections.abc.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee2edb9c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/collections.abc.po @@ -0,0 +1,918 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Woko , 2021 +# Jarry Shaw , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!collections.abc` --- Abstract Base Classes for Containers" +msgstr ":mod:`!collections.abc` --- 容器的抽象基类" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:10 +msgid "Formerly, this module was part of the :mod:`collections` module." +msgstr "该模块曾是 :mod:`collections` 模块的组成部分。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:13 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/_collections_abc.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/_collections_abc.py`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:23 +msgid "" +"This module provides :term:`abstract base classes ` " +"that can be used to test whether a class provides a particular interface; " +"for example, whether it is :term:`hashable` or whether it is a " +":term:`mapping`." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供了一些 :term:`抽象基类 `，它们可被用于测试一个类是否提供某个特定的接口；例如，它是否为 " +":term:`hashable` 或是否为 :term:`mapping` 等。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:27 +msgid "" +"An :func:`issubclass` or :func:`isinstance` test for an interface works in " +"one of three ways." +msgstr "一个接口的 :func:`issubclass` 或 :func:`isinstance` 测试采用以下三种方式之一。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:30 +msgid "" +"A newly written class can inherit directly from one of the abstract base " +"classes. The class must supply the required abstract methods. The " +"remaining mixin methods come from inheritance and can be overridden if " +"desired. Other methods may be added as needed:" +msgstr "" +"新编写的类可以直接继承自某个抽象基类。 该类必须提供所面的抽象方法。 其他混入方法来自于继承并且可在需要时被重写。 其他方法可以被按需添加：" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:35 +msgid "" +"class C(Sequence): # Direct inheritance\n" +" def __init__(self): ... # Extra method not required by the ABC\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index): ... # Required abstract method\n" +" def __len__(self): ... # Required abstract method\n" +" def count(self, value): ... # Optionally override a mixin method" +msgstr "" +"class C(Sequence): # 直接继承\n" +" def __init__(self): ... # ABC 所不需要的额外方法\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index): ... # 需要的抽象方法\n" +" def __len__(self): ... # 需要的抽象方法\n" +" def count(self, value): ... # 可选覆盖一个混入方法" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:43 +msgid "" +">>> issubclass(C, Sequence)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(C(), Sequence)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> issubclass(C, Sequence)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(C(), Sequence)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Existing classes and built-in classes can be registered as \"virtual " +"subclasses\" of the ABCs. Those classes should define the full API " +"including all of the abstract methods and all of the mixin methods. This " +"lets users rely on :func:`issubclass` or :func:`isinstance` tests to " +"determine whether the full interface is supported. The exception to this " +"rule is for methods that are automatically inferred from the rest of the " +"API:" +msgstr "" +"已有的类和内置类可被注册为 ABC 的“虚拟子类”。 这些类应当定义完整的 API 包括所有抽象方法和所有混合方法。 这使得用户能依靠 " +":func:`issubclass` 或 :func:`isinstance` 测试来确定完整接口是否受到支持。 此规则的例外情况是那些从 API " +"的其他部分自动推断出来的方法：" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:58 +msgid "" +"class D: # No inheritance\n" +" def __init__(self): ... # Extra method not required by the ABC\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index): ... # Abstract method\n" +" def __len__(self): ... # Abstract method\n" +" def count(self, value): ... # Mixin method\n" +" def index(self, value): ... # Mixin method\n" +"\n" +"Sequence.register(D) # Register instead of inherit" +msgstr "" +"class D: # 无继承\n" +" def __init__(self): ... # ABC 所不需要的额外方法\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index): ... # 抽象方法\n" +" def __len__(self): ... # 抽象方法\n" +" def count(self, value): ... # 混入方法\n" +" def index(self, value): ... # 混入方法\n" +"\n" +"Sequence.register(D) # 注册而非继承" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:69 +msgid "" +">>> issubclass(D, Sequence)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(D(), Sequence)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> issubclass(D, Sequence)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(D(), Sequence)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:76 +msgid "" +"In this example, class :class:`!D` does not need to define ``__contains__``," +" ``__iter__``, and ``__reversed__`` because the :ref:`in-operator " +"`, the :term:`iteration ` logic, and the " +":func:`reversed` function automatically fall back to using ``__getitem__`` " +"and ``__len__``." +msgstr "" +"在这个例子中，:class:`!D` 类不需要定义 ``__contains__``, ``__iter__`` 和 " +"``__reversed__``，因为 :ref:`in 运算符 `, :term:`迭代 ` 逻辑和 " +":func:`reversed` 函数会自动回退为使用 ``__getitem__`` 和 ``__len__``。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Some simple interfaces are directly recognizable by the presence of the " +"required methods (unless those methods have been set to :const:`None`):" +msgstr "某些简单接口可以根据所需方法是否存在来直接识别 (除非这些方法已被设置为 :const:`None`):" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:85 +msgid "" +"class E:\n" +" def __iter__(self): ...\n" +" def __next__(self): ..." +msgstr "" +"class E:\n" +" def __iter__(self): ...\n" +" def __next__(self): ..." + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:91 +msgid "" +">>> issubclass(E, Iterable)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(E(), Iterable)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> issubclass(E, Iterable)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(E(), Iterable)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Complex interfaces do not support this last technique because an interface " +"is more than just the presence of method names. Interfaces specify " +"semantics and relationships between methods that cannot be inferred solely " +"from the presence of specific method names. For example, knowing that a " +"class supplies ``__getitem__``, ``__len__``, and ``__iter__`` is " +"insufficient for distinguishing a :class:`Sequence` from a :class:`Mapping`." +msgstr "" +"复杂的接口不支持最后这种技术手段因为接口并不只是作为方法名称存在。 接口指明了方法之间的语义和关系，这些是无法根据特定方法名称的存在推断出来的。 " +"例如，知道一个类提供了 ``__getitem__``, ``__len__`` 和 ``__iter__`` 并不足以区分 " +":class:`Sequence` 和 :class:`Mapping`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:106 +msgid "" +"These abstract classes now support ``[]``. See :ref:`types-genericalias` and" +" :pep:`585`." +msgstr "这些抽象类现在都支持 ``[]``。 参见 :ref:`types-genericalias` 和 :pep:`585`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:113 +msgid "Collections Abstract Base Classes" +msgstr "容器抽象基类" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:115 +msgid "" +"The collections module offers the following :term:`ABCs `:" +msgstr "这个容器模块提供了以下 :term:`ABCs `:" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:120 +msgid "ABC" +msgstr "抽象基类" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:120 +msgid "Inherits from" +msgstr "继承自" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:120 +msgid "Abstract Methods" +msgstr "抽象方法" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:120 +msgid "Mixin Methods" +msgstr "Mixin 方法" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:122 +msgid ":class:`Container` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Container` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:122 +msgid "``__contains__``" +msgstr "``__contains__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:123 +msgid ":class:`Hashable` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Hashable` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:123 +msgid "``__hash__``" +msgstr "``__hash__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:124 +msgid ":class:`Iterable` [1]_ [2]_" +msgstr ":class:`Iterable` [1]_ [2]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:124 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:125 +msgid "``__iter__``" +msgstr "``__iter__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:125 +msgid ":class:`Iterator` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Iterator` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:125 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:126 +msgid ":class:`Iterable`" +msgstr ":class:`Iterable`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:125 +msgid "``__next__``" +msgstr "``__next__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:126 +msgid ":class:`Reversible` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Reversible` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:126 +msgid "``__reversed__``" +msgstr "``__reversed__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:127 +msgid ":class:`Generator` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Generator` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:127 +msgid ":class:`Iterator`" +msgstr ":class:`Iterator`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:127 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:176 +msgid "``send``, ``throw``" +msgstr "``send``, ``throw``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:127 +msgid "``close``, ``__iter__``, ``__next__``" +msgstr "``close``, ``__iter__``, ``__next__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:128 +msgid ":class:`Sized` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Sized` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:128 +msgid "``__len__``" +msgstr "``__len__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:129 +msgid ":class:`Callable` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Callable` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:129 +msgid "``__call__``" +msgstr "``__call__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:130 +msgid ":class:`Collection` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Collection` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:130 +msgid ":class:`Sized`, :class:`Iterable`, :class:`Container`" +msgstr ":class:`Sized`, :class:`Iterable`, :class:`Container`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:130 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:146 +msgid "``__contains__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``" +msgstr "``__contains__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:134 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:137 +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:143 +msgid ":class:`Sequence`" +msgstr ":class:`Sequence`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:134 +msgid ":class:`Reversible`, :class:`Collection`" +msgstr ":class:`Reversible`, :class:`Collection`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:134 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:143 +msgid "``__getitem__``, ``__len__``" +msgstr "``__getitem__``, ``__len__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:134 +msgid "" +"``__contains__``, ``__iter__``, ``__reversed__``, ``index``, and ``count``" +msgstr "" +"``__contains__``, ``__iter__``, ``__reversed__``, ``index``, and ``count``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:137 +msgid ":class:`MutableSequence`" +msgstr ":class:`MutableSequence`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:137 +msgid "" +"``__getitem__``, ``__setitem__``, ``__delitem__``, ``__len__``, ``insert``" +msgstr "" +"``__getitem__``, ``__setitem__``, ``__delitem__``, ``__len__``, ``insert``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Inherited :class:`Sequence` methods and ``append``, ``clear``, ``reverse``, " +"``extend``, ``pop``, ``remove``, and ``__iadd__``" +msgstr "" +"继承了 :class:`Sequence` 的方法以及 ``append``, ``clear``, ``reverse``, ``extend``, " +"``pop``, ``remove`` 和 ``__iadd__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:143 +msgid ":class:`ByteString`" +msgstr ":class:`ByteString`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:143 +msgid "Inherited :class:`Sequence` methods" +msgstr "继承自 :class:`Sequence` 的方法" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:146 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:151 +msgid ":class:`Set`" +msgstr ":class:`Set`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:146 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:157 +msgid ":class:`Collection`" +msgstr ":class:`Collection`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:146 +msgid "" +"``__le__``, ``__lt__``, ``__eq__``, ``__ne__``, ``__gt__``, ``__ge__``, " +"``__and__``, ``__or__``, ``__sub__``, ``__rsub__``, ``__xor__``, " +"``__rxor__`` and ``isdisjoint``" +msgstr "" +"``__le__``, ``__lt__``, ``__eq__``, ``__ne__``, ``__gt__``, ``__ge__``, " +"``__and__``, ``__or__``, ``__sub__``, ``__rsub__``, ``__xor__``, " +"``__rxor__`` 和 ``isdisjoint``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:151 +msgid ":class:`MutableSet`" +msgstr ":class:`MutableSet`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:151 +msgid "``__contains__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``, ``add``, ``discard``" +msgstr "``__contains__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``, ``add``, ``discard``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Inherited :class:`Set` methods and ``clear``, ``pop``, ``remove``, " +"``__ior__``, ``__iand__``, ``__ixor__``, and ``__isub__``" +msgstr "" +"继承自 :class:`Set` 的方法以及 ``clear``, ``pop``, ``remove``, ``__ior__``, " +"``__iand__``, ``__ixor__``，和 ``__isub__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:157 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:161 +msgid ":class:`Mapping`" +msgstr ":class:`Mapping`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:157 +msgid "``__getitem__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``" +msgstr "``__getitem__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:157 +msgid "" +"``__contains__``, ``keys``, ``items``, ``values``, ``get``, ``__eq__``, and " +"``__ne__``" +msgstr "" +"``__contains__``, ``keys``, ``items``, ``values``, ``get``, ``__eq__``, and " +"``__ne__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:161 +msgid ":class:`MutableMapping`" +msgstr ":class:`MutableMapping`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:161 +msgid "" +"``__getitem__``, ``__setitem__``, ``__delitem__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``" +msgstr "" +"``__getitem__``, ``__setitem__``, ``__delitem__``, ``__iter__``, ``__len__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Inherited :class:`Mapping` methods and ``pop``, ``popitem``, ``clear``, " +"``update``, and ``setdefault``" +msgstr "" +"继承自 :class:`Mapping` 的方法以及 ``pop``, ``popitem``, ``clear``, ``update``，和 " +"``setdefault``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:168 +msgid ":class:`MappingView`" +msgstr ":class:`MappingView`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:168 +msgid ":class:`Sized`" +msgstr ":class:`Sized`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:168 +msgid "``__init__``, ``__len__`` and ``__repr__``" +msgstr "``__init__``, ``__len__`` 和 ``__repr__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:169 +msgid ":class:`ItemsView`" +msgstr ":class:`ItemsView`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:169 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:171 +msgid ":class:`MappingView`, :class:`Set`" +msgstr ":class:`MappingView`, :class:`Set`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:169 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:171 +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:173 +msgid "``__contains__``, ``__iter__``" +msgstr "``__contains__``, ``__iter__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:171 +msgid ":class:`KeysView`" +msgstr ":class:`KeysView`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:173 +msgid ":class:`ValuesView`" +msgstr ":class:`ValuesView`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:173 +msgid ":class:`MappingView`, :class:`Collection`" +msgstr ":class:`MappingView`, :class:`Collection`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:175 +msgid ":class:`Awaitable` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Awaitable` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:175 +msgid "``__await__``" +msgstr "``__await__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:176 +msgid ":class:`Coroutine` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Coroutine` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:176 +msgid ":class:`Awaitable`" +msgstr ":class:`Awaitable`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:176 +msgid "``close``" +msgstr "``close``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:177 +msgid ":class:`AsyncIterable` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`AsyncIterable` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:177 ../../library/collections.abc.rst:178 +msgid "``__aiter__``" +msgstr "``__aiter__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:178 +msgid ":class:`AsyncIterator` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`AsyncIterator` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:178 +msgid ":class:`AsyncIterable`" +msgstr ":class:`AsyncIterable`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:178 +msgid "``__anext__``" +msgstr "``__anext__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:179 +msgid ":class:`AsyncGenerator` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`AsyncGenerator` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:179 +msgid ":class:`AsyncIterator`" +msgstr ":class:`AsyncIterator`" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:179 +msgid "``asend``, ``athrow``" +msgstr "``asend``, ``athrow``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:179 +msgid "``aclose``, ``__aiter__``, ``__anext__``" +msgstr "``aclose``, ``__aiter__``, ``__anext__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:180 +msgid ":class:`Buffer` [1]_" +msgstr ":class:`Buffer` [1]_" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:180 +msgid "``__buffer__``" +msgstr "``__buffer__``" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:185 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "附注" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:186 +msgid "" +"These ABCs override :meth:`~abc.ABCMeta.__subclasshook__` to support testing" +" an interface by verifying the required methods are present and have not " +"been set to :const:`None`. This only works for simple interfaces. More " +"complex interfaces require registration or direct subclassing." +msgstr "" +"这些 ABC 重写了 :meth:`~abc.ABCMeta.__subclasshook__` 以便支持通过验证所需的方法是否存在并且没有被设为 " +":const:`None` 来测试一个接口。 这只适用于简单的接口。 更复杂的接口需要注册或者直接子类化。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Checking ``isinstance(obj, Iterable)`` detects classes that are registered " +"as :class:`Iterable` or that have an :meth:`~container.__iter__` method, but" +" it does not detect classes that iterate with the " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` method. The only reliable way to determine " +"whether an object is :term:`iterable` is to call ``iter(obj)``." +msgstr "" +"检查 ``isinstance(obj, Iterable)`` 是否侦测到被注册为 :class:`Iterable` 或者具有 " +":meth:`~container.__iter__` 方法的类，但它不能侦测到使用 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"方法进行迭代的类。 确定一个对象是否为 :term:`iterable` 的唯一可靠方式是调用 ``iter(obj)``。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:200 +msgid "Collections Abstract Base Classes -- Detailed Descriptions" +msgstr "多项集抽象基类 -- 详细描述" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:205 +msgid "ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~object.__contains__` method." +msgstr "提供了 :meth:`~object.__contains__` 方法的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:209 +msgid "ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~object.__hash__` method." +msgstr "提供了 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:213 +msgid "ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~object.__len__` method." +msgstr "用于提供 :meth:`~object.__len__` 方法的类的 ABC" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:217 +msgid "ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~object.__call__` method." +msgstr "用于提供 :meth:`~object.__call__` 方法的类的 ABC" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:219 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-callables` for details on how to use :class:`!Callable`" +" in type annotations." +msgstr "有关如何在类型标注中使用 :class:`!Callable` 的详细信息请参阅 :ref:`annotating-callables`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:224 +msgid "ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~container.__iter__` method." +msgstr "用于提供 :meth:`~container.__iter__` 方法的类的 ABC" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Checking ``isinstance(obj, Iterable)`` detects classes that are registered " +"as :class:`Iterable` or that have an :meth:`~container.__iter__` method, but" +" it does not detect classes that iterate with the " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` method. The only reliable way to determine " +"whether an object is :term:`iterable` is to call ``iter(obj)``." +msgstr "" +"检查 ``isinstance(obj, Iterable)`` 是否侦测到被注册为 :class:`Iterable` 或者具有 " +":meth:`~container.__iter__` 方法的类，但它不能侦测到使用 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"方法进行迭代的类。 确定一个对象是否为 :term:`iterable` 的唯一可靠方式是调用 ``iter(obj)``。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:235 +msgid "ABC for sized iterable container classes." +msgstr "集合了 Sized 和 Iterable 类的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:241 +msgid "" +"ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` and " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` methods. See also the definition of " +":term:`iterator`." +msgstr "" +"提供了 :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` 和 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法的抽象基类。参见 " +":term:`iterator` 的定义。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:247 +msgid "" +"ABC for iterable classes that also provide the :meth:`~object.__reversed__` " +"method." +msgstr "用于同时提供了 :meth:`~object.__reversed__` 方法的可迭代类的 ABC" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:254 +msgid "" +"ABC for :term:`generator` classes that implement the protocol defined in " +":pep:`342` that extends :term:`iterators ` with the " +":meth:`~generator.send`, :meth:`~generator.throw` and " +":meth:`~generator.close` methods." +msgstr "" +"用于实现了 :pep:`342` 中定义的协议的 :term:`generator` 类的 ABC，它通过 " +":meth:`~generator.send`, :meth:`~generator.throw` 和 :meth:`~generator.close`" +" 方法对 :term:`迭代器 ` 进行了扩展。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:259 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines` for details on using " +":class:`!Generator` in type annotations." +msgstr "" +"有关在类型标注中使用 :class:`!Generator` 的详细信息请参阅 :ref:`annotating-generators-and-" +"coroutines`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:268 +msgid "ABCs for read-only and mutable :term:`sequences `." +msgstr "只读的与可变的 :term:`序列 ` 的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Implementation note: Some of the mixin methods, such as " +":meth:`~container.__iter__`, :meth:`~object.__reversed__` and :meth:`index`," +" make repeated calls to the underlying :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method. " +"Consequently, if :meth:`~object.__getitem__` is implemented with constant " +"access speed, the mixin methods will have linear performance; however, if " +"the underlying method is linear (as it would be with a linked list), the " +"mixins will have quadratic performance and will likely need to be " +"overridden." +msgstr "" +"实现注意事项：某些混入方法，如 :meth:`~container.__iter__`, :meth:`~object.__reversed__` 和 " +":meth:`index`，会重复调用下层的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法。 因此，如果 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"被实现为常数级访问速度，则混入方法的性能将为线性级；但是，如果下层的方法是线性的（例如链表就是如此），则混入方法的性能将为平方级并可能需要被重写。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:279 +msgid "The index() method added support for *stop* and *start* arguments." +msgstr "index() 方法支持 *stop* 和 *start* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:283 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ByteString` ABC has been deprecated. For use in typing, prefer a" +" union, like ``bytes | bytearray``, or :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. For " +"use as an ABC, prefer :class:`Sequence` or :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`." +msgstr "" +":class:`ByteString` ABC 已被弃用。 当用于类型标注时，建议改为并集形式，如 ``bytes | bytearray``，或 " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。 当用作 ABC 时，建议改为 :class:`Sequence` 或 " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:292 +msgid "ABCs for read-only and mutable :ref:`sets `." +msgstr "用于只读和可变 :ref:`集合 ` 的 ABC。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:297 +msgid "ABCs for read-only and mutable :term:`mappings `." +msgstr "只读的与可变的 :term:`映射 ` 的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:304 +msgid "" +"ABCs for mapping, items, keys, and values :term:`views `." +msgstr "映射及其键和值的 :term:`视图 ` 的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:308 +msgid "" +"ABC for :term:`awaitable` objects, which can be used in :keyword:`await` " +"expressions. Custom implementations must provide the " +":meth:`~object.__await__` method." +msgstr "" +"针对 :term:`awaitable` 对象的 ABC，它可被用于 :keyword:`await` 表达式。 根据惯例所有实现都必须提供 " +":meth:`~object.__await__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:312 +msgid "" +":term:`Coroutine ` objects and instances of the " +":class:`~collections.abc.Coroutine` ABC are all instances of this ABC." +msgstr "" +":term:`协程 ` 对象和 :class:`~collections.abc.Coroutine` ABC 的实例都是这个 " +"ABC 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:316 +msgid "" +"In CPython, generator-based coroutines (:term:`generators ` " +"decorated with :func:`@types.coroutine `) are *awaitables*," +" even though they do not have an :meth:`~object.__await__` method. Using " +"``isinstance(gencoro, Awaitable)`` for them will return ``False``. Use " +":func:`inspect.isawaitable` to detect them." +msgstr "" +"在 CPython 中，基于生成器的协程 (使用 :func:`@types.coroutine ` 装饰的 " +":term:`生成器 `) 都是 *可等待对象*，即使它们没有 :meth:`~object.__await__` 方法。 " +"对它们使用 ``isinstance(gencoro, Awaitable)`` 将返回 ``False``。 请使用 " +":func:`inspect.isawaitable` 来检测它们。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:326 +msgid "" +"ABC for :term:`coroutine` compatible classes. These implement the following" +" methods, defined in :ref:`coroutine-objects`: :meth:`~coroutine.send`, " +":meth:`~coroutine.throw`, and :meth:`~coroutine.close`. Custom " +"implementations must also implement :meth:`~object.__await__`. All " +":class:`Coroutine` instances are also instances of :class:`Awaitable`." +msgstr "" +"用于 :term:`coroutine` 兼容类的 ABC。 实现了如下定义在 :ref:`coroutine-objects` 里的方法: " +":meth:`~coroutine.send`, :meth:`~coroutine.throw` 和 " +":meth:`~coroutine.close`。 根据惯例所有实现都还需要实现 :meth:`~object.__await__`。 所有的 " +":class:`Coroutine` 实例同时也是 :class:`Awaitable` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:334 +msgid "" +"In CPython, generator-based coroutines (:term:`generators ` " +"decorated with :func:`@types.coroutine `) are *awaitables*," +" even though they do not have an :meth:`~object.__await__` method. Using " +"``isinstance(gencoro, Coroutine)`` for them will return ``False``. Use " +":func:`inspect.isawaitable` to detect them." +msgstr "" +"在 CPython 中，基于生成器的协程 (使用 :func:`@types.coroutine ` 装饰的 " +":term:`生成器 `) 都是 *可等待对象*，即使它们没有 :meth:`~object.__await__` 方法。 " +"对它们使用 ``isinstance(gencoro, Coroutine)`` 将返回 ``False``。 请使用 " +":func:`inspect.isawaitable` 来检测它们。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:340 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines` for details on using " +":class:`!Coroutine` in type annotations. The variance and order of type " +"parameters correspond to those of :class:`Generator`." +msgstr "" +"有关在类型标注中使用 :class:`!Coroutine` 的详细信息请参阅 :ref:`annotating-generators-and-" +"coroutines`。 类型形参的变化和顺序与 :class:`Generator` 的相对应。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:349 +msgid "" +"ABC for classes that provide an ``__aiter__`` method. See also the " +"definition of :term:`asynchronous iterable`." +msgstr "" +"针对提供了 ``__aiter__`` 方法的类的 ABC。 另请参阅 :term:`asynchronous iterable` 的定义。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:356 +msgid "" +"ABC for classes that provide ``__aiter__`` and ``__anext__`` methods. See " +"also the definition of :term:`asynchronous iterator`." +msgstr "" +"提供了 ``__aiter__`` 和 ``__anext__`` 方法的抽象基类。参见 :term:`asynchronous iterator` " +"的定义。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:363 +msgid "" +"ABC for :term:`asynchronous generator` classes that implement the protocol " +"defined in :pep:`525` and :pep:`492`." +msgstr "" +"针对实现了在 :pep:`525` 和 :pep:`492` 中定义的协议的 :term:`asynchronous generator` 类的 " +"ABC。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:366 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines` for details on using " +":class:`!AsyncGenerator` in type annotations." +msgstr "" +"有关在类型标注中使用 :class:`!AsyncGenerator` 的详细信息请参阅 :ref:`annotating-generators-" +"and-coroutines`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:373 +msgid "" +"ABC for classes that provide the :meth:`~object.__buffer__` method, " +"implementing the :ref:`buffer protocol `. See :pep:`688`." +msgstr "" +"针对提供 :meth:`~object.__buffer__` 方法的类的 ABC，实现了 :ref:`缓冲区协议 `。 " +"参见 :pep:`688`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:379 +msgid "Examples and Recipes" +msgstr "例子和配方" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:381 +msgid "" +"ABCs allow us to ask classes or instances if they provide particular " +"functionality, for example::" +msgstr "ABC 允许我们询问类或实例是否提供特定的功能，例如::" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:384 +msgid "" +"size = None\n" +"if isinstance(myvar, collections.abc.Sized):\n" +" size = len(myvar)" +msgstr "" +"size = None\n" +"if isinstance(myvar, collections.abc.Sized):\n" +" size = len(myvar)" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:388 +msgid "" +"Several of the ABCs are also useful as mixins that make it easier to develop" +" classes supporting container APIs. For example, to write a class " +"supporting the full :class:`Set` API, it is only necessary to supply the " +"three underlying abstract methods: :meth:`~object.__contains__`, " +":meth:`~container.__iter__`, and :meth:`~object.__len__`. The ABC supplies " +"the remaining methods such as :meth:`!__and__` and " +":meth:`~frozenset.isdisjoint`::" +msgstr "" +"有些 ABC 还适用于作为混入类，这可以更容易地开发支持容器 API 的类。 例如，要写一个支持完整 :class:`Set` API " +"的类，只需要提供三个下层抽象方法: :meth:`~object.__contains__`, :meth:`~container.__iter__` " +"和 :meth:`~object.__len__`。 ABC 会提供其余的方法如 :meth:`!__and__` 和 " +":meth:`~frozenset.isdisjoint`::" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:395 +msgid "" +"class ListBasedSet(collections.abc.Set):\n" +" ''' Alternate set implementation favoring space over speed\n" +" and not requiring the set elements to be hashable. '''\n" +" def __init__(self, iterable):\n" +" self.elements = lst = []\n" +" for value in iterable:\n" +" if value not in lst:\n" +" lst.append(value)\n" +"\n" +" def __iter__(self):\n" +" return iter(self.elements)\n" +"\n" +" def __contains__(self, value):\n" +" return value in self.elements\n" +"\n" +" def __len__(self):\n" +" return len(self.elements)\n" +"\n" +"s1 = ListBasedSet('abcdef')\n" +"s2 = ListBasedSet('defghi')\n" +"overlap = s1 & s2 # The __and__() method is supported automatically" +msgstr "" +"class ListBasedSet(collections.abc.Set):\n" +" ''' 空间重于速度并且不要求集合元素可哈希的\n" +" 替代性集合实现。 '''\n" +" def __init__(self, iterable):\n" +" self.elements = lst = []\n" +" for value in iterable:\n" +" if value not in lst:\n" +" lst.append(value)\n" +"\n" +" def __iter__(self):\n" +" return iter(self.elements)\n" +"\n" +" def __contains__(self, value):\n" +" return value in self.elements\n" +"\n" +" def __len__(self):\n" +" return len(self.elements)\n" +"\n" +"s1 = ListBasedSet('abcdef')\n" +"s2 = ListBasedSet('defghi')\n" +"overlap = s1 & s2 # 自动支持 __and__() 方法" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:417 +msgid "Notes on using :class:`Set` and :class:`MutableSet` as a mixin:" +msgstr "当把 :class:`Set` 和 :class:`MutableSet` 用作混入类时需注意：" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Since some set operations create new sets, the default mixin methods need a " +"way to create new instances from an :term:`iterable`. The class constructor " +"is assumed to have a signature in the form ``ClassName(iterable)``. That " +"assumption is factored-out to an internal :class:`classmethod` called " +":meth:`!_from_iterable` which calls ``cls(iterable)`` to produce a new set. " +"If the :class:`Set` mixin is being used in a class with a different " +"constructor signature, you will need to override :meth:`!_from_iterable` " +"with a classmethod or regular method that can construct new instances from " +"an iterable argument." +msgstr "" +"由于某些集合操作会创建新的集合，默认的混入方法需要一种根据 :term:`iterable` 创建新实例的方式。 类构造器应当具有 " +"``ClassName(iterable)`` 形式的签名。 这样它将被重构为一个执行 :meth:`!_from_iterable` 的内部 " +":class:`classmethod`，该方法会调用 ``cls(iterable)`` 来产生一个新的集合。 如果 :class:`Set` " +"混入类在具有不同构造器签名的类中被使用，你将需要通过一个能根据可迭代对象参数构造新实例的类方法或常规方法来重写 " +":meth:`!_from_iterable`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:431 +msgid "" +"To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the semantics are " +"fixed), redefine :meth:`~object.__le__` and :meth:`~object.__ge__`, then the" +" other operations will automatically follow suit." +msgstr "" +"要重写比较运算（应该是为了提高速度，因为其语义是固定的），请重新定义 :meth:`~object.__le__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__ge__`，然后其他运算将自动跟进。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:437 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Set` mixin provides a :meth:`!_hash` method to compute a hash " +"value for the set; however, :meth:`~object.__hash__` is not defined because " +"not all sets are :term:`hashable` or immutable. To add set hashability " +"using mixins, inherit from both :meth:`Set` and :meth:`Hashable`, then " +"define ``__hash__ = Set._hash``." +msgstr "" +":class:`Set` 混入类提供了一个 :meth:`!_hash` 方法为集合计算哈希值；但是，:meth:`~object.__hash__` " +"没有被定义因为并非所有集合都是 :term:`hashable` 或不可变对象。 要使用混入类为集合添加可哈希性，请同时继承 :meth:`Set` 和" +" :meth:`Hashable`，然后定义 ``__hash__ = Set._hash``。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:445 +msgid "" +"`OrderedSet recipe `_ for an " +"example built on :class:`MutableSet`." +msgstr "" +"`OrderedSet recipe `_ 是基于 " +":class:`MutableSet` 构建的一个示例。" + +#: ../../library/collections.abc.rst:448 +msgid "For more about ABCs, see the :mod:`abc` module and :pep:`3119`." +msgstr "对于抽象基类，参见 :mod:`abc` 模块和 :pep:`3119`。" diff --git a/library/collections.po b/library/collections.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1f70446e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/collections.po @@ -0,0 +1,2267 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Jian Aijun , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2022 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:56+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!collections` --- Container datatypes" +msgstr ":mod:`!collections` --- 容器数据类型" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/collections/__init__.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/collections/__init__.py`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:20 +msgid "" +"This module implements specialized container datatypes providing " +"alternatives to Python's general purpose built-in containers, :class:`dict`," +" :class:`list`, :class:`set`, and :class:`tuple`." +msgstr "" +"这个模块实现了一些专门化的容器，提供了对 Python 的通用内建容器 :class:`dict`、:class:`list`、:class:`set`" +" 和 :class:`tuple` 的补充。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:25 +msgid ":func:`namedtuple`" +msgstr ":func:`namedtuple`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:25 +msgid "factory function for creating tuple subclasses with named fields" +msgstr "一个工厂函数，用来创建元组的子类，子类的字段是有名称的。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:26 +msgid ":class:`deque`" +msgstr ":class:`deque`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:26 +msgid "list-like container with fast appends and pops on either end" +msgstr "类似列表的容器，但 append 和 pop 在其两端的速度都很快。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:27 +msgid ":class:`ChainMap`" +msgstr ":class:`ChainMap`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:27 +msgid "dict-like class for creating a single view of multiple mappings" +msgstr "类似字典的类，用于创建包含多个映射的单个视图。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:28 +msgid ":class:`Counter`" +msgstr ":class:`Counter`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:28 +msgid "dict subclass for counting :term:`hashable` objects" +msgstr "用于计数 :term:`hashable` 对象的字典子类" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:29 +msgid ":class:`OrderedDict`" +msgstr ":class:`OrderedDict`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:29 +msgid "dict subclass that remembers the order entries were added" +msgstr "字典的子类，能记住条目被添加进去的顺序。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:30 +msgid ":class:`defaultdict`" +msgstr ":class:`defaultdict`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:30 +msgid "dict subclass that calls a factory function to supply missing values" +msgstr "字典的子类，通过调用用户指定的工厂函数，为键提供默认值。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:31 +msgid ":class:`UserDict`" +msgstr ":class:`UserDict`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:31 +msgid "wrapper around dictionary objects for easier dict subclassing" +msgstr "封装了字典对象，简化了字典子类化" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:32 +msgid ":class:`UserList`" +msgstr ":class:`UserList`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:32 +msgid "wrapper around list objects for easier list subclassing" +msgstr "封装了列表对象，简化了列表子类化" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:33 +msgid ":class:`UserString`" +msgstr ":class:`UserString`" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:33 +msgid "wrapper around string objects for easier string subclassing" +msgstr "封装了字符串对象，简化了字符串子类化" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:38 +msgid ":class:`ChainMap` objects" +msgstr ":class:`ChainMap` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:42 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ChainMap` class is provided for quickly linking a number of " +"mappings so they can be treated as a single unit. It is often much faster " +"than creating a new dictionary and running multiple :meth:`~dict.update` " +"calls." +msgstr "" +":class:`ChainMap` 类将多个映射迅速地链到一起，这样它们就可以作为一个单元处理。这通常比创建一个新字典再重复地使用 " +":meth:`~dict.update` 要快得多。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The class can be used to simulate nested scopes and is useful in templating." +msgstr "这个类可以用于模拟嵌套作用域，并且对模版化有用。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:50 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ChainMap` groups multiple dicts or other mappings together to " +"create a single, updateable view. If no *maps* are specified, a single " +"empty dictionary is provided so that a new chain always has at least one " +"mapping." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`ChainMap` 将多个字典或者其他映射组合在一起，创建一个单独的可更新的视图。 如果没有指定任何 " +"*maps*，一个空字典会被作为 *maps*。这样，每个新链至少包含一个映射。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:54 +msgid "" +"The underlying mappings are stored in a list. That list is public and can " +"be accessed or updated using the *maps* attribute. There is no other state." +msgstr "底层映射被存储在一个列表中。这个列表是公开的，可以通过 *maps* 属性存取和更新。没有其他的状态。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Lookups search the underlying mappings successively until a key is found. " +"In contrast, writes, updates, and deletions only operate on the first " +"mapping." +msgstr "搜索查询底层映射，直到一个键被找到。不同的是，写，更新和删除只操作第一个映射。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:60 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ChainMap` incorporates the underlying mappings by reference. So, " +"if one of the underlying mappings gets updated, those changes will be " +"reflected in :class:`ChainMap`." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`ChainMap` 通过引用合并底层映射。 所以，如果一个底层映射更新了，这些更改会反映到 :class:`ChainMap` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:64 +msgid "" +"All of the usual dictionary methods are supported. In addition, there is a " +"*maps* attribute, a method for creating new subcontexts, and a property for " +"accessing all but the first mapping:" +msgstr "" +"支持所有常用字典方法。另外还有一个 *maps* 属性(attribute)，一个创建子上下文的方法(method)， " +"一个存取它们首个映射的属性(property):" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:70 +msgid "" +"A user updateable list of mappings. The list is ordered from first-searched" +" to last-searched. It is the only stored state and can be modified to " +"change which mappings are searched. The list should always contain at least" +" one mapping." +msgstr "一个可以更新的映射列表。这个列表是按照第一次搜索到最后一次搜索的顺序组织的。它是仅有的存储状态，可以被修改。列表最少包含一个映射。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Returns a new :class:`ChainMap` containing a new map followed by all of the " +"maps in the current instance. If ``m`` is specified, it becomes the new map" +" at the front of the list of mappings; if not specified, an empty dict is " +"used, so that a call to ``d.new_child()`` is equivalent to: ``ChainMap({}, " +"*d.maps)``. If any keyword arguments are specified, they update passed map " +"or new empty dict. This method is used for creating subcontexts that can be " +"updated without altering values in any of the parent mappings." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`ChainMap`，其中包含一个新的映射，后面跟随当前实例中的所有映射。 如果指定了 " +"``m``，它会成为新的映射加在映射列表的前面；如果未指定，则会使用一个空字典，因此调用 ``d.new_child()`` 就等价于 " +"``ChainMap({}, *d.maps)``。 如果指定了任何关键字参数，它们会更新所传入的映射或新的空字典。 " +"此方法被用于创建子上下文，它可在不改变任何上级映射的情况下被更新。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:86 +msgid "The optional ``m`` parameter was added." +msgstr "添加了可选的 ``m`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:89 +msgid "Keyword arguments support was added." +msgstr "增加了对关键字参数的支持。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Property returning a new :class:`ChainMap` containing all of the maps in the" +" current instance except the first one. This is useful for skipping the " +"first map in the search. Use cases are similar to those for the " +":keyword:`nonlocal` keyword used in :term:`nested scopes `. " +"The use cases also parallel those for the built-in :func:`super` function. " +"A reference to ``d.parents`` is equivalent to: ``ChainMap(*d.maps[1:])``." +msgstr "" +"属性返回一个新的 :class:`ChainMap` 包含所有的当前实例的映射，除了第一个。这样可以在搜索的时候跳过第一个映射。 使用的场景类似在 " +":term:`nested scopes ` 嵌套作用域中使用 :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"关键词。用例也可以类比内建函数 :func:`super` 。一个 ``d.parents`` 的引用等价于 " +"``ChainMap(*d.maps[1:])`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Note, the iteration order of a :class:`ChainMap` is determined by scanning " +"the mappings last to first::" +msgstr "注意，:class:`ChainMap` 的迭代顺序是通过从后往前扫描所有映射来确定的::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:105 +msgid "" +">>> baseline = {'music': 'bach', 'art': 'rembrandt'}\n" +">>> adjustments = {'art': 'van gogh', 'opera': 'carmen'}\n" +">>> list(ChainMap(adjustments, baseline))\n" +"['music', 'art', 'opera']" +msgstr "" +">>> baseline = {'music': 'bach', 'art': 'rembrandt'}\n" +">>> adjustments = {'art': 'van gogh', 'opera': 'carmen'}\n" +">>> list(ChainMap(adjustments, baseline))\n" +"['music', 'art', 'opera']" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:110 +msgid "" +"This gives the same ordering as a series of :meth:`dict.update` calls " +"starting with the last mapping::" +msgstr "使得顺序与从最后一个映射开始调用一系列 :meth:`dict.update` 得到的字典的迭代顺序相同：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:113 +msgid "" +">>> combined = baseline.copy()\n" +">>> combined.update(adjustments)\n" +">>> list(combined)\n" +"['music', 'art', 'opera']" +msgstr "" +">>> combined = baseline.copy()\n" +">>> combined.update(adjustments)\n" +">>> list(combined)\n" +"['music', 'art', 'opera']" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:118 +msgid "Added support for ``|`` and ``|=`` operators, specified in :pep:`584`." +msgstr "增加了对 ``|`` 和 ``|=`` 运算符的支持，相关说明见 :pep:`584`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The `MultiContext class " +"`_" +" in the Enthought `CodeTools package " +"`_ has options to support writing to" +" any mapping in the chain." +msgstr "" +"`MultiContext class " +"`_" +" 在 Enthought `CodeTools package `_ " +"有支持写映射的选项。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Django's `Context class " +"`_ " +"for templating is a read-only chain of mappings. It also features pushing " +"and popping of contexts similar to the " +":meth:`~collections.ChainMap.new_child` method and the " +":attr:`~collections.ChainMap.parents` property." +msgstr "" +"Django 中用于模板的 `Context class " +"`_ " +"是只读的映射链。 它还具有上下文推送和弹出特性，类似于 :meth:`~collections.ChainMap.new_child` 方法和 " +":attr:`~collections.ChainMap.parents` 特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:136 +msgid "" +"The `Nested Contexts recipe " +"`_ has options to control whether writes and other " +"mutations apply only to the first mapping or to any mapping in the chain." +msgstr "" +"`Nested Contexts recipe `_ 提供了对于写入和其他修改是只应用于链路中第一个映射还是所有映射的选项。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:141 +msgid "" +"A `greatly simplified read-only version of Chainmap " +"`_." +msgstr "一个 `极简的只读版 Chainmap `_." + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:146 +msgid ":class:`ChainMap` Examples and Recipes" +msgstr ":class:`ChainMap` 例子和方法" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:148 +msgid "This section shows various approaches to working with chained maps." +msgstr "这一节提供了多个使用链映射的案例。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:151 +msgid "Example of simulating Python's internal lookup chain::" +msgstr "模拟Python内部lookup链的例子 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:153 +msgid "" +"import builtins\n" +"pylookup = ChainMap(locals(), globals(), vars(builtins))" +msgstr "" +"import builtins\n" +"pylookup = ChainMap(locals(), globals(), vars(builtins))" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Example of letting user specified command-line arguments take precedence " +"over environment variables which in turn take precedence over default " +"values::" +msgstr "让用户指定的命令行参数优先于环境变量，优先于默认值的例子 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:159 +msgid "" +"import os, argparse\n" +"\n" +"defaults = {'color': 'red', 'user': 'guest'}\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument('-u', '--user')\n" +"parser.add_argument('-c', '--color')\n" +"namespace = parser.parse_args()\n" +"command_line_args = {k: v for k, v in vars(namespace).items() if v is not None}\n" +"\n" +"combined = ChainMap(command_line_args, os.environ, defaults)\n" +"print(combined['color'])\n" +"print(combined['user'])" +msgstr "" +"import os, argparse\n" +"\n" +"defaults = {'color': 'red', 'user': 'guest'}\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +"parser.add_argument('-u', '--user')\n" +"parser.add_argument('-c', '--color')\n" +"namespace = parser.parse_args()\n" +"command_line_args = {k: v for k, v in vars(namespace).items() if v is not None}\n" +"\n" +"combined = ChainMap(command_line_args, os.environ, defaults)\n" +"print(combined['color'])\n" +"print(combined['user'])" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Example patterns for using the :class:`ChainMap` class to simulate nested " +"contexts::" +msgstr "用 :class:`ChainMap` 类模拟嵌套上下文的例子 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:176 +msgid "" +"c = ChainMap() # Create root context\n" +"d = c.new_child() # Create nested child context\n" +"e = c.new_child() # Child of c, independent from d\n" +"e.maps[0] # Current context dictionary -- like Python's locals()\n" +"e.maps[-1] # Root context -- like Python's globals()\n" +"e.parents # Enclosing context chain -- like Python's nonlocals\n" +"\n" +"d['x'] = 1 # Set value in current context\n" +"d['x'] # Get first key in the chain of contexts\n" +"del d['x'] # Delete from current context\n" +"list(d) # All nested values\n" +"k in d # Check all nested values\n" +"len(d) # Number of nested values\n" +"d.items() # All nested items\n" +"dict(d) # Flatten into a regular dictionary" +msgstr "" +"c = ChainMap() # 创建根上下文\n" +"d = c.new_child() # 创建嵌套的子上下文\n" +"e = c.new_child() # c 的子上下文，独立于 d\n" +"e.maps[0] # 当前上下文字典 -- 类似 Python 的 locals()\n" +"e.maps[-1] # 根上下文 -- 类似 Python 的 globals()\n" +"e.parents # 闭包的上下文链 -- 类似 Python 的 nonlocals\n" +"\n" +"d['x'] = 1 # 在当前上下文中设置值\n" +"d['x'] # 在上下文链中获取第一个键\n" +"del d['x'] # 在当前上下文中删除\n" +"list(d) # 所有嵌套的值\n" +"k in d # 检查所有嵌套的值\n" +"len(d) # 嵌套的值的数量\n" +"d.items() # 所有嵌套的条目\n" +"dict(d) # 展平为一个常规字典" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:192 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ChainMap` class only makes updates (writes and deletions) to the" +" first mapping in the chain while lookups will search the full chain. " +"However, if deep writes and deletions are desired, it is easy to make a " +"subclass that updates keys found deeper in the chain::" +msgstr "" +":class:`ChainMap` 类只更新链中的第一个映射，但lookup会搜索整个链。 " +"然而，如果需要深度写和删除，也可以很容易的通过定义一个子类来实现它 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:197 +msgid "" +"class DeepChainMap(ChainMap):\n" +" 'Variant of ChainMap that allows direct updates to inner scopes'\n" +"\n" +" def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n" +" for mapping in self.maps:\n" +" if key in mapping:\n" +" mapping[key] = value\n" +" return\n" +" self.maps[0][key] = value\n" +"\n" +" def __delitem__(self, key):\n" +" for mapping in self.maps:\n" +" if key in mapping:\n" +" del mapping[key]\n" +" return\n" +" raise KeyError(key)\n" +"\n" +">>> d = DeepChainMap({'zebra': 'black'}, {'elephant': 'blue'}, {'lion': 'yellow'})\n" +">>> d['lion'] = 'orange' # update an existing key two levels down\n" +">>> d['snake'] = 'red' # new keys get added to the topmost dict\n" +">>> del d['elephant'] # remove an existing key one level down\n" +">>> d # display result\n" +"DeepChainMap({'zebra': 'black', 'snake': 'red'}, {}, {'lion': 'orange'})" +msgstr "" +"class DeepChainMap(ChainMap):\n" +" 'Variant of ChainMap that allows direct updates to inner scopes'\n" +"\n" +" def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n" +" for mapping in self.maps:\n" +" if key in mapping:\n" +" mapping[key] = value\n" +" return\n" +" self.maps[0][key] = value\n" +"\n" +" def __delitem__(self, key):\n" +" for mapping in self.maps:\n" +" if key in mapping:\n" +" del mapping[key]\n" +" return\n" +" raise KeyError(key)\n" +"\n" +">>> d = DeepChainMap({'zebra': 'black'}, {'elephant': 'blue'}, {'lion': 'yellow'})\n" +">>> d['lion'] = 'orange' # 更新向下两级的现有键\n" +">>> d['snake'] = 'red' # 添加新键到最高层级的字典\n" +">>> del d['elephant'] # 移除向下一级的现有键\n" +">>> d # 显示结果\n" +"DeepChainMap({'zebra': 'black', 'snake': 'red'}, {}, {'lion': 'orange'})" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:223 +msgid ":class:`Counter` objects" +msgstr ":class:`Counter` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:225 +msgid "" +"A counter tool is provided to support convenient and rapid tallies. For " +"example::" +msgstr "一个计数器工具，为的是可以方便快速地计账。例如：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:228 +msgid "" +">>> # Tally occurrences of words in a list\n" +">>> cnt = Counter()\n" +">>> for word in ['red', 'blue', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'blue']:\n" +"... cnt[word] += 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> cnt\n" +"Counter({'blue': 3, 'red': 2, 'green': 1})\n" +"\n" +">>> # Find the ten most common words in Hamlet\n" +">>> import re\n" +">>> words = re.findall(r'\\w+', open('hamlet.txt').read().lower())\n" +">>> Counter(words).most_common(10)\n" +"[('the', 1143), ('and', 966), ('to', 762), ('of', 669), ('i', 631),\n" +" ('you', 554), ('a', 546), ('my', 514), ('hamlet', 471), ('in', 451)]" +msgstr "" +">>> # 统计一个列表中各单词的出现次数\n" +">>> cnt = Counter()\n" +">>> for word in ['red', 'blue', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'blue']:\n" +"... cnt[word] += 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> cnt\n" +"Counter({'blue': 3, 'red': 2, 'green': 1})\n" +"\n" +">>> # 找出《哈姆雷特》中出现次数排前十的单词\n" +">>> import re\n" +">>> words = re.findall(r'\\w+', open('hamlet.txt').read().lower())\n" +">>> Counter(words).most_common(10)\n" +"[('the', 1143), ('and', 966), ('to', 762), ('of', 669), ('i', 631),\n" +" ('you', 554), ('a', 546), ('my', 514), ('hamlet', 471), ('in', 451)]" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:245 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Counter` is a :class:`dict` subclass for counting :term:`hashable`" +" objects. It is a collection where elements are stored as dictionary keys " +"and their counts are stored as dictionary values. Counts are allowed to be " +"any integer value including zero or negative counts. The :class:`Counter` " +"class is similar to bags or multisets in other languages." +msgstr "" +":class:`Counter` 是 :class:`dict` 的子类，用于计数 :term:`hashable` " +"对象。它是一个多项集，元素存储为字典的键而它们的计数存储为字典的值。计数可以是任何整数，包括零或负的计数值。:class:`Counter` " +"类与其他语言中的 bag 或 multiset 很相似。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Elements are counted from an *iterable* or initialized from another " +"*mapping* (or counter):" +msgstr "它可以通过计数一个 *iterable* 中的元素来初始化，或用其它 *mapping* (包括 counter) 初始化：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Counter objects have a dictionary interface except that they return a zero " +"count for missing items instead of raising a :exc:`KeyError`:" +msgstr "" +"Counter 对象的接口类似于字典，不同的是，如果查询的键不在 Counter 中，它会返回一个 0 而不是引发一个 :exc:`KeyError`：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Setting a count to zero does not remove an element from a counter. Use " +"``del`` to remove it entirely:" +msgstr "设置一个计数为0不会从计数器中移去一个元素。使用 ``del`` 来删除它:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:274 +msgid "" +"As a :class:`dict` subclass, :class:`Counter` inherited the capability to " +"remember insertion order. Math operations on *Counter* objects also " +"preserve order. Results are ordered according to when an element is first " +"encountered in the left operand and then by the order encountered in the " +"right operand." +msgstr "" +"作为 :class:`dict` 的子类，:class:`Counter` 继承了记住插入顺序的功能。*Counter* " +"对象间的数学运算也是保序的。结果首先把左操作数中存在的元素按照它们在左操作数中的顺序排序，后面跟着其它元素，按它们在右操作数中的顺序排序。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:280 +msgid "" +"Counter objects support additional methods beyond those available for all " +"dictionaries:" +msgstr "Counter 对象在对所有字典可用的方法以外还支持一些附加方法:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over elements repeating each as many times as its count." +" Elements are returned in the order first encountered. If an element's " +"count is less than one, :meth:`elements` will ignore it." +msgstr "" +"返回一个迭代器，其中每个元素将重复出现计数值所指定次。 元素会按首次出现的顺序返回。 如果一个元素的计数值小于一，:meth:`elements` " +"将会忽略它。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the *n* most common elements and their counts from the most" +" common to the least. If *n* is omitted or ``None``, :meth:`most_common` " +"returns *all* elements in the counter. Elements with equal counts are " +"ordered in the order first encountered:" +msgstr "" +"返回一个列表，其中包含 *n* 个最常见的元素及出现次数，按常见程度由高到低排序。 如果 *n* 被省略或为 " +"``None``，:meth:`most_common` 将返回计数器中的 *所有* 元素。 计数值相等的元素按首次出现的顺序排序：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Elements are subtracted from an *iterable* or from another *mapping* (or " +"counter). Like :meth:`dict.update` but subtracts counts instead of " +"replacing them. Both inputs and outputs may be zero or negative." +msgstr "" +"减去一个 *可迭代对象* 或 *映射对象* (或 counter) 中的元素。类似于 :meth:`dict.update` " +"但是是减去而非替换。输入和输出都可以是 0 或负数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:319 +msgid "Compute the sum of the counts." +msgstr "计算总计数值。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:327 +msgid "" +"The usual dictionary methods are available for :class:`Counter` objects " +"except for two which work differently for counters." +msgstr "通常字典方法都可用于 :class:`Counter` 对象，除了有两个方法工作方式与字典并不相同。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:332 +msgid "This class method is not implemented for :class:`Counter` objects." +msgstr "这个类方法没有在 :class:`Counter` 中实现。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:336 +msgid "" +"Elements are counted from an *iterable* or added-in from another *mapping* " +"(or counter). Like :meth:`dict.update` but adds counts instead of replacing" +" them. Also, the *iterable* is expected to be a sequence of elements, not a" +" sequence of ``(key, value)`` pairs." +msgstr "" +"加上一个 *可迭代对象* 或 *映射对象* (或 counter) 中的元素。类似于 :meth:`dict.update` " +"但是是加上而非替换。另外，*可迭代对象* 应当是一个元素序列，而不是一个 ``(key, value)`` 对的序列。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Counters support rich comparison operators for equality, subset, and " +"superset relationships: ``==``, ``!=``, ``<``, ``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``. All of" +" those tests treat missing elements as having zero counts so that " +"``Counter(a=1) == Counter(a=1, b=0)`` returns true." +msgstr "" +"计数对象支持相等性、子集和超集关系等富比较运算符: ``==``, ``!=``, ``<``, ``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``。 " +"所有这些检测会将不存在的元素当作计数值为零，因此 ``Counter(a=1) == Counter(a=1, b=0)`` 将返回真值。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:346 +msgid "Rich comparison operations were added." +msgstr "增加了富比较运算。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:349 +msgid "" +"In equality tests, missing elements are treated as having zero counts. " +"Formerly, ``Counter(a=3)`` and ``Counter(a=3, b=0)`` were considered " +"distinct." +msgstr "" +"在相等性检测中，不存在的元素会被当作计数值为零。 在此之前，``Counter(a=3)`` 和 ``Counter(a=3, b=0)`` " +"会被视为不同。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:354 +msgid "Common patterns for working with :class:`Counter` objects::" +msgstr ":class:`Counter` 对象的常用案例 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:356 +msgid "" +"c.total() # total of all counts\n" +"c.clear() # reset all counts\n" +"list(c) # list unique elements\n" +"set(c) # convert to a set\n" +"dict(c) # convert to a regular dictionary\n" +"c.items() # access the (elem, cnt) pairs\n" +"Counter(dict(list_of_pairs)) # convert from a list of (elem, cnt) pairs\n" +"c.most_common()[:-n-1:-1] # n least common elements\n" +"+c # remove zero and negative counts" +msgstr "" +"c.total() # 所有计数的总和\n" +"c.clear() # 重置所有计数\n" +"list(c) # 列出不同的元素\n" +"set(c) # 转换为集合\n" +"dict(c) # 转换为常规字典\n" +"c.items() # 访问 (元素, 计数) 对\n" +"Counter(dict(list_of_pairs)) # 转换自 (元素, 计数) 对的列表\n" +"c.most_common()[:-n-1:-1] # n 个最不常见的元素\n" +"+c # 移除为零和负的计数" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Several mathematical operations are provided for combining :class:`Counter` " +"objects to produce multisets (counters that have counts greater than zero). " +"Addition and subtraction combine counters by adding or subtracting the " +"counts of corresponding elements. Intersection and union return the minimum" +" and maximum of corresponding counts. Equality and inclusion compare " +"corresponding counts. Each operation can accept inputs with signed counts, " +"but the output will exclude results with counts of zero or less." +msgstr "" +"提供了几种数学运算用来合并 :class:`Counter` 对象，产生多集（所有计数值均大于零的 " +"counter）。加减运算通过增加或减少两者间对应元素的计数来合并 " +"counter。交并运算返回对应计数的最小值和最大值。相等和包含运算比较对应的计数。每个运算的参数都可以含有有符号的计数，但输出将排除计数小于等于零的元素。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:374 +msgid "" +">>> c = Counter(a=3, b=1)\n" +">>> d = Counter(a=1, b=2)\n" +">>> c + d # add two counters together: c[x] + d[x]\n" +"Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 3})\n" +">>> c - d # subtract (keeping only positive counts)\n" +"Counter({'a': 2})\n" +">>> c & d # intersection: min(c[x], d[x])\n" +"Counter({'a': 1, 'b': 1})\n" +">>> c | d # union: max(c[x], d[x])\n" +"Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 2})\n" +">>> c == d # equality: c[x] == d[x]\n" +"False\n" +">>> c <= d # inclusion: c[x] <= d[x]\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> c = Counter(a=3, b=1)\n" +">>> d = Counter(a=1, b=2)\n" +">>> c + d # 将两个计数器相加: c[x] + d[x]\n" +"Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 3})\n" +">>> c - d # 相减（只保留为正的计数）\n" +"Counter({'a': 2})\n" +">>> c & d # 交集: min(c[x], d[x])\n" +"Counter({'a': 1, 'b': 1})\n" +">>> c | d # 并集: max(c[x], d[x])\n" +"Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 2})\n" +">>> c == d # 相等: c[x] == d[x]\n" +"False\n" +">>> c <= d # 包括: c[x] <= d[x]\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Unary addition and subtraction are shortcuts for adding an empty counter or " +"subtracting from an empty counter." +msgstr "单目加和减（一元操作符）意思是从空计数器加或者减去。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Added support for unary plus, unary minus, and in-place multiset operations." +msgstr "添加了对一元加，一元减和位置集合操作的支持。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Counters were primarily designed to work with positive integers to represent" +" running counts; however, care was taken to not unnecessarily preclude use " +"cases needing other types or negative values. To help with those use cases," +" this section documents the minimum range and type restrictions." +msgstr "计数器主要是为了表达运行的正的计数而设计；但是，小心不要预先排除负数或者其他类型。为了帮助这些用例，这一节记录了最小范围和类型限制。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:410 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Counter` class itself is a dictionary subclass with no " +"restrictions on its keys and values. The values are intended to be numbers " +"representing counts, but you *could* store anything in the value field." +msgstr ":class:`Counter` 类是一个字典的子类，不限制键和值。值用于表示计数，但你实际上 *可以* 存储任何其他值。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:414 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Counter.most_common` method requires only that the values be " +"orderable." +msgstr ":meth:`~Counter.most_common` 方法在值需要排序的时候用。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:416 +msgid "" +"For in-place operations such as ``c[key] += 1``, the value type need only " +"support addition and subtraction. So fractions, floats, and decimals would " +"work and negative values are supported. The same is also true for " +":meth:`~Counter.update` and :meth:`~Counter.subtract` which allow negative " +"and zero values for both inputs and outputs." +msgstr "" +"参与原地操作如 ``c[key] += 1`` 的值的类型只需要支持加和减，所以分数、小数和 decimals " +"都可以用，也支持负数。:meth:`~Counter.update` 和 :meth:`~Counter.subtract` " +"当然也一样，输入和输出都支持 0 和 负数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:422 +msgid "" +"The multiset methods are designed only for use cases with positive values. " +"The inputs may be negative or zero, but only outputs with positive values " +"are created. There are no type restrictions, but the value type needs to " +"support addition, subtraction, and comparison." +msgstr "多集方法是专为只会遇到正值的使用情况设计的。输入可以是 0 或负数，但只输出计数为正的值。没有类型限制，但值的类型需支持加、减和比较操作。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:427 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Counter.elements` method requires integer counts. It ignores " +"zero and negative counts." +msgstr ":meth:`~Counter.elements` 方法要求正整数计数。忽略0和负数计数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:432 +msgid "" +"`Bag class `_ in Smalltalk." +msgstr "" +"`Bag class `_ 在 Smalltalk。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Wikipedia entry for `Multisets `_." +msgstr "Wikipedia 链接 `Multisets `_." + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:437 +msgid "" +"`C++ multisets `_ tutorial with examples." +msgstr "" +"`C++ multisets `_ 教程和例子。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:440 +msgid "" +"For mathematical operations on multisets and their use cases, see *Knuth, " +"Donald. The Art of Computer Programming Volume II, Section 4.6.3, Exercise " +"19*." +msgstr "" +"数学操作和多集合用例，参考 *Knuth, Donald. The Art of Computer Programming Volume II, " +"Section 4.6.3, Exercise 19* 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:444 +msgid "" +"To enumerate all distinct multisets of a given size over a given set of " +"elements, see :func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement`::" +msgstr "" +"在给定数量和集合元素枚举所有不同的多集合，参考 :func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement` ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:447 +msgid "" +"map(Counter, combinations_with_replacement('ABC', 2)) # --> AA AB AC BB BC " +"CC" +msgstr "" +"map(Counter, combinations_with_replacement('ABC', 2)) # --> AA AB AC BB BC " +"CC" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:451 +msgid ":class:`deque` objects" +msgstr ":class:`deque` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:455 +msgid "" +"Returns a new deque object initialized left-to-right (using :meth:`append`) " +"with data from *iterable*. If *iterable* is not specified, the new deque is" +" empty." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的双向队列对象，从左到右初始化(用方法 :meth:`append`) ，从 *iterable* （迭代对象) 数据创建。如果 " +"*iterable* 没有指定，新队列为空。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Deques are a generalization of stacks and queues (the name is pronounced " +"\"deck\" and is short for \"double-ended queue\"). Deques support thread-" +"safe, memory efficient appends and pops from either side of the deque with " +"approximately the same *O*\\ (1) performance in either direction." +msgstr "" +"Deque 队列是对栈或 queue 队列的泛化（该名称的发音为 \"deck\"，是 \"double-ended queue\" 的简写形式)。 " +"Deque 支持线程安全，高度节省内存地从 deque 的任一端添加和弹出条目，在两个方向上的大致性能均为 *O*\\ (1)。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Though :class:`list` objects support similar operations, they are optimized " +"for fast fixed-length operations and incur *O*\\ (*n*) memory movement costs" +" for ``pop(0)`` and ``insert(0, v)`` operations which change both the size " +"and position of the underlying data representation." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :class:`list` 对象也支持类似的操作，但它们是针对快速的固定长度的操作进行优化而 ``pop(0)`` 和 ``insert(0, " +"v)`` 操作对下层数据表示的大小和位置改变都将产生 *O*\\ (*n*) 的内存移动开销。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:469 +msgid "" +"If *maxlen* is not specified or is ``None``, deques may grow to an arbitrary" +" length. Otherwise, the deque is bounded to the specified maximum length. " +"Once a bounded length deque is full, when new items are added, a " +"corresponding number of items are discarded from the opposite end. Bounded " +"length deques provide functionality similar to the ``tail`` filter in Unix. " +"They are also useful for tracking transactions and other pools of data where" +" only the most recent activity is of interest." +msgstr "" +"如果 *maxlen* 没有指定或者是 ``None`` ，deques " +"可以增长到任意长度。否则，deque就限定到指定最大长度。一旦限定长度的deque满了，当新项加入时，同样数量的项就从另一端弹出。限定长度deque提供类似Unix" +" filter ``tail`` 的功能。它们同样可以用与追踪最近的交换和其他数据池活动。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:478 +msgid "Deque objects support the following methods:" +msgstr "双向队列(deque)对象支持以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:482 +msgid "Add *x* to the right side of the deque." +msgstr "添加 *x* 到右端。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:487 +msgid "Add *x* to the left side of the deque." +msgstr "添加 *x* 到左端。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:492 +msgid "Remove all elements from the deque leaving it with length 0." +msgstr "移除所有元素，使其长度为0." + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:497 +msgid "Create a shallow copy of the deque." +msgstr "创建一份浅拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:504 +msgid "Count the number of deque elements equal to *x*." +msgstr "计算 deque 中元素等于 *x* 的个数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Extend the right side of the deque by appending elements from the iterable " +"argument." +msgstr "扩展deque的右侧，通过添加iterable参数中的元素。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:517 +msgid "" +"Extend the left side of the deque by appending elements from *iterable*. " +"Note, the series of left appends results in reversing the order of elements " +"in the iterable argument." +msgstr "扩展deque的左侧，通过添加iterable参数中的元素。注意，左添加时，在结果中iterable参数中的顺序将被反过来添加。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:524 +msgid "" +"Return the position of *x* in the deque (at or after index *start* and " +"before index *stop*). Returns the first match or raises :exc:`ValueError` " +"if not found." +msgstr "" +"返回 *x* 在 deque 中的位置（在索引 *start* 之后，索引 *stop* 之前）。 返回第一个匹配项，如果未找到则引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:533 +msgid "Insert *x* into the deque at position *i*." +msgstr "在位置 *i* 插入 *x* 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:535 +msgid "" +"If the insertion would cause a bounded deque to grow beyond *maxlen*, an " +":exc:`IndexError` is raised." +msgstr "如果插入会导致一个限长 deque 超出长度 *maxlen* 的话，就引发一个 :exc:`IndexError`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Remove and return an element from the right side of the deque. If no " +"elements are present, raises an :exc:`IndexError`." +msgstr "移去并且返回一个元素，deque 最右侧的那一个。 如果没有元素的话，就引发一个 :exc:`IndexError`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:549 +msgid "" +"Remove and return an element from the left side of the deque. If no elements" +" are present, raises an :exc:`IndexError`." +msgstr "移去并且返回一个元素，deque 最左侧的那一个。 如果没有元素的话，就引发 :exc:`IndexError`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:555 +msgid "" +"Remove the first occurrence of *value*. If not found, raises a " +":exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "移除找到的第一个 *value*。 如果没有的话就引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:561 +msgid "Reverse the elements of the deque in-place and then return ``None``." +msgstr "将deque逆序排列。返回 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:568 +msgid "" +"Rotate the deque *n* steps to the right. If *n* is negative, rotate to the " +"left." +msgstr "向右循环移动 *n* 步。 如果 *n* 是负数，就向左循环。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:571 +msgid "" +"When the deque is not empty, rotating one step to the right is equivalent to" +" ``d.appendleft(d.pop())``, and rotating one step to the left is equivalent " +"to ``d.append(d.popleft())``." +msgstr "" +"如果deque不是空的，向右循环移动一步就等价于 ``d.appendleft(d.pop())`` ， 向左循环一步就等价于 " +"``d.append(d.popleft())`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:576 +msgid "Deque objects also provide one read-only attribute:" +msgstr "Deque对象同样提供了一个只读属性:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:580 +msgid "Maximum size of a deque or ``None`` if unbounded." +msgstr "Deque的最大尺寸，如果没有限定的话就是 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:585 +msgid "" +"In addition to the above, deques support iteration, pickling, ``len(d)``, " +"``reversed(d)``, ``copy.copy(d)``, ``copy.deepcopy(d)``, membership testing " +"with the :keyword:`in` operator, and subscript references such as ``d[0]`` " +"to access the first element. Indexed access is *O*\\ (1) at both ends but " +"slows to *O*\\ (*n*) in the middle. For fast random access, use lists " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"在上述操作以外，deque 还支持迭代, 封存, ``len(d)``, ``reversed(d)``, ``copy.copy(d)``, " +"``copy.deepcopy(d)``, 使用 :keyword:`in` 运算符的成员检测以及下标引用例如通过 ``d[0]`` 访问首个元素等。 " +"索引访问在两端的时间复杂度均为 *O*\\ (1) 但在中间则会低至 *O*\\ (*n*)。 对于快速随机访问，请改用列表。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:591 +msgid "" +"Starting in version 3.5, deques support ``__add__()``, ``__mul__()``, and " +"``__imul__()``." +msgstr "Deque从版本3.5开始支持 ``__add__()``, ``__mul__()``, 和 ``__imul__()`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:594 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:596 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> d = deque('ghi') # make a new deque with three items\n" +">>> for elem in d: # iterate over the deque's elements\n" +"... print(elem.upper())\n" +"G\n" +"H\n" +"I\n" +"\n" +">>> d.append('j') # add a new entry to the right side\n" +">>> d.appendleft('f') # add a new entry to the left side\n" +">>> d # show the representation of the deque\n" +"deque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])\n" +"\n" +">>> d.pop() # return and remove the rightmost item\n" +"'j'\n" +">>> d.popleft() # return and remove the leftmost item\n" +"'f'\n" +">>> list(d) # list the contents of the deque\n" +"['g', 'h', 'i']\n" +">>> d[0] # peek at leftmost item\n" +"'g'\n" +">>> d[-1] # peek at rightmost item\n" +"'i'\n" +"\n" +">>> list(reversed(d)) # list the contents of a deque in reverse\n" +"['i', 'h', 'g']\n" +">>> 'h' in d # search the deque\n" +"True\n" +">>> d.extend('jkl') # add multiple elements at once\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])\n" +">>> d.rotate(1) # right rotation\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['l', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k'])\n" +">>> d.rotate(-1) # left rotation\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])\n" +"\n" +">>> deque(reversed(d)) # make a new deque in reverse order\n" +"deque(['l', 'k', 'j', 'i', 'h', 'g'])\n" +">>> d.clear() # empty the deque\n" +">>> d.pop() # cannot pop from an empty deque\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in -toplevel-\n" +" d.pop()\n" +"IndexError: pop from an empty deque\n" +"\n" +">>> d.extendleft('abc') # extendleft() reverses the input order\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['c', 'b', 'a'])" +msgstr "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> d = deque('ghi') # 新建一个包含三项的双端队列\n" +">>> for elem in d: # 迭代双端队列的元素\n" +"... print(elem.upper())\n" +"G\n" +"H\n" +"I\n" +"\n" +">>> d.append('j') # 添加一个新条目到右端\n" +">>> d.appendleft('f') # 添加一个新条目到左端\n" +">>> d # 显示双端队列的表示形式\n" +"deque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])\n" +"\n" +">>> d.pop() # 返回并移除最右端的项\n" +"'j'\n" +">>> d.popleft() # 返回并移除最左端的项\n" +"'f'\n" +">>> list(d) # 列出双端队列的内容\n" +"['g', 'h', 'i']\n" +">>> d[0] # 查看最左端的项\n" +"'g'\n" +">>> d[-1] # 查看最右端的项\n" +"'i'\n" +"\n" +">>> list(reversed(d)) # 反向列出双端队列的内容\n" +"['i', 'h', 'g']\n" +">>> 'h' in d # 搜索双端队列\n" +"True\n" +">>> d.extend('jkl') # 一次添加多个元素\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])\n" +">>> d.rotate(1) # 向右轮转\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['l', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k'])\n" +">>> d.rotate(-1) # 向左轮转\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])\n" +"\n" +">>> deque(reversed(d)) # 新建一个反向的双端队列\n" +"deque(['l', 'k', 'j', 'i', 'h', 'g'])\n" +">>> d.clear() # 清空双端队列\n" +">>> d.pop() # 无法从空的双端队列弹出元素\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in -toplevel-\n" +" d.pop()\n" +"IndexError: pop from an empty deque\n" +"\n" +">>> d.extendleft('abc') # extendleft() 将反转输入顺序\n" +">>> d\n" +"deque(['c', 'b', 'a'])" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:651 +msgid ":class:`deque` Recipes" +msgstr ":class:`deque` 用法" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:653 +msgid "This section shows various approaches to working with deques." +msgstr "这一节展示了deque的多种用法。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:655 +msgid "" +"Bounded length deques provide functionality similar to the ``tail`` filter " +"in Unix::" +msgstr "限长deque提供了类似Unix ``tail`` 过滤功能 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:658 +msgid "" +"def tail(filename, n=10):\n" +" 'Return the last n lines of a file'\n" +" with open(filename) as f:\n" +" return deque(f, n)" +msgstr "" +"def tail(filename, n=10):\n" +" '返回文件的最后 n 行'\n" +" with open(filename) as f:\n" +" return deque(f, n)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:663 +msgid "" +"Another approach to using deques is to maintain a sequence of recently added" +" elements by appending to the right and popping to the left::" +msgstr "另一个用法是维护一个近期添加元素的序列，通过从右边添加和从左边弹出 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:666 +msgid "" +"def moving_average(iterable, n=3):\n" +" # moving_average([40, 30, 50, 46, 39, 44]) --> 40.0 42.0 45.0 43.0\n" +" # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average\n" +" it = iter(iterable)\n" +" d = deque(itertools.islice(it, n-1))\n" +" d.appendleft(0)\n" +" s = sum(d)\n" +" for elem in it:\n" +" s += elem - d.popleft()\n" +" d.append(elem)\n" +" yield s / n" +msgstr "" +"def moving_average(iterable, n=3):\n" +" # moving_average([40, 30, 50, 46, 39, 44]) --> 40.0 42.0 45.0 43.0\n" +" # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average\n" +" it = iter(iterable)\n" +" d = deque(itertools.islice(it, n-1))\n" +" d.appendleft(0)\n" +" s = sum(d)\n" +" for elem in it:\n" +" s += elem - d.popleft()\n" +" d.append(elem)\n" +" yield s / n" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:678 +msgid "" +"A `round-robin scheduler `_ can be implemented with input iterators stored in a " +":class:`deque`. Values are yielded from the active iterator in position " +"zero. If that iterator is exhausted, it can be removed with " +":meth:`~deque.popleft`; otherwise, it can be cycled back to the end with the" +" :meth:`~deque.rotate` method::" +msgstr "" +"一个 `轮询调度器 `_ 可以通过在 " +":class:`deque` 中放入迭代器来实现。值从当前迭代器的位置0被取出并暂存(yield)。 如果这个迭代器消耗完毕，就用 " +":meth:`~deque.popleft` 将其从对列中移去；否则，就通过 :meth:`~deque.rotate` 将它移到队列的末尾 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:685 +msgid "" +"def roundrobin(*iterables):\n" +" \"roundrobin('ABC', 'D', 'EF') --> A D E B F C\"\n" +" iterators = deque(map(iter, iterables))\n" +" while iterators:\n" +" try:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield next(iterators[0])\n" +" iterators.rotate(-1)\n" +" except StopIteration:\n" +" # Remove an exhausted iterator.\n" +" iterators.popleft()" +msgstr "" +"def roundrobin(*iterables):\n" +" \"roundrobin('ABC', 'D', 'EF') --> A D E B F C\"\n" +" iterators = deque(map(iter, iterables))\n" +" while iterators:\n" +" try:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield next(iterators[0])\n" +" iterators.rotate(-1)\n" +" except StopIteration:\n" +" # 移除已耗尽的迭代器。\n" +" iterators.popleft()" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:697 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~deque.rotate` method provides a way to implement :class:`deque` " +"slicing and deletion. For example, a pure Python implementation of ``del " +"d[n]`` relies on the ``rotate()`` method to position elements to be popped::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~deque.rotate` 方法提供了一种方式来实现 :class:`deque` 切片和删除。 例如， 一个纯的Python " +"``del d[n]`` 实现依赖于 ``rotate()`` 来定位要弹出的元素 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:701 +msgid "" +"def delete_nth(d, n):\n" +" d.rotate(-n)\n" +" d.popleft()\n" +" d.rotate(n)" +msgstr "" +"def delete_nth(d, n):\n" +" d.rotate(-n)\n" +" d.popleft()\n" +" d.rotate(n)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:706 +msgid "" +"To implement :class:`deque` slicing, use a similar approach applying " +":meth:`~deque.rotate` to bring a target element to the left side of the " +"deque. Remove old entries with :meth:`~deque.popleft`, add new entries with " +":meth:`~deque.extend`, and then reverse the rotation. With minor variations " +"on that approach, it is easy to implement Forth style stack manipulations " +"such as ``dup``, ``drop``, ``swap``, ``over``, ``pick``, ``rot``, and " +"``roll``." +msgstr "" +"要实现 :class:`deque` 切片， 使用一个类似的方法，应用 :meth:`~deque.rotate` 将目标元素放到左边。通过 " +":meth:`~deque.popleft` 移去老的条目（entries），通过 :meth:`~deque.extend` 添加新的条目， 然后反向" +" rotate。这个方法可以最小代价实现命令式的栈操作，诸如 ``dup``, ``drop``, ``swap``, ``over``, " +"``pick``, ``rot``, 和 ``roll`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:716 +msgid ":class:`defaultdict` objects" +msgstr ":class:`defaultdict` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:720 +msgid "" +"Return a new dictionary-like object. :class:`defaultdict` is a subclass of " +"the built-in :class:`dict` class. It overrides one method and adds one " +"writable instance variable. The remaining functionality is the same as for " +"the :class:`dict` class and is not documented here." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的类似字典的对象。 :class:`defaultdict` 是内置 :class:`dict` 类的子类。 " +"它重写了一个方法并添加了一个可写的实例变量。 其余的功能与 :class:`dict` 类相同因而不在此文档中写明。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The first argument provides the initial value for the " +":attr:`default_factory` attribute; it defaults to ``None``. All remaining " +"arguments are treated the same as if they were passed to the :class:`dict` " +"constructor, including keyword arguments." +msgstr "" +"本对象包含一个名为 :attr:`default_factory` 的属性，构造时，第一个参数用于为该属性提供初始值，默认为 " +"``None``。所有其他参数（包括关键字参数）都相当于传递给 :class:`dict` 的构造函数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:731 +msgid "" +":class:`defaultdict` objects support the following method in addition to the" +" standard :class:`dict` operations:" +msgstr ":class:`defaultdict` 对象除了支持标准 :class:`dict` 的操作，还支持以下方法作为扩展：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:736 +msgid "" +"If the :attr:`default_factory` attribute is ``None``, this raises a " +":exc:`KeyError` exception with the *key* as argument." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`default_factory` 属性为 ``None``，则调用本方法会抛出 :exc:`KeyError` 异常，附带参数 " +"*key*。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:739 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`default_factory` is not ``None``, it is called without arguments " +"to provide a default value for the given *key*, this value is inserted in " +"the dictionary for the *key*, and returned." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`default_factory` 不为 ``None``，则它会被（不带参数地）调用来为 *key* 提供一个默认值，这个值和 " +"*key* 作为一对键值对被插入到字典中，并作为本方法的返回值返回。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:743 +msgid "" +"If calling :attr:`default_factory` raises an exception this exception is " +"propagated unchanged." +msgstr "如果调用 :attr:`default_factory` 时抛出了异常，这个异常会原封不动地向外层传递。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:746 +msgid "" +"This method is called by the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method of the " +":class:`dict` class when the requested key is not found; whatever it returns" +" or raises is then returned or raised by :meth:`~object.__getitem__`." +msgstr "" +"当请求的键未找到时本方法会被 :class:`dict` 类的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"方法调用；它返回或引发的任何对象都会被 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 返回或引发。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:750 +msgid "" +"Note that :meth:`__missing__` is *not* called for any operations besides " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`. This means that :meth:`~dict.get` will, like " +"normal dictionaries, return ``None`` as a default rather than using " +":attr:`default_factory`." +msgstr "" +"请注意除了 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 以外 :meth:`__missing__` 将 *不会* 被调用以执行任何操作。 " +"这意味着 :meth:`~dict.get` 会像普通字典一样返回 ``None`` 作为默认值而不是使用 " +":attr:`default_factory`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:756 +msgid ":class:`defaultdict` objects support the following instance variable:" +msgstr ":class:`defaultdict` 对象支持以下实例变量：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:761 +msgid "" +"This attribute is used by the :meth:`__missing__` method; it is initialized " +"from the first argument to the constructor, if present, or to ``None``, if " +"absent." +msgstr "" +"本属性由 :meth:`__missing__` " +"方法来调用。如果构造对象时提供了第一个参数，则本属性会被初始化成那个参数，如果未提供第一个参数，则本属性为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:765 ../../library/collections.rst:1192 +msgid "" +"Added merge (``|``) and update (``|=``) operators, specified in :pep:`584`." +msgstr "增加了合并 (``|``) 与更新 (``|=``) 运算符，相关说明见 :pep:`584`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:771 +msgid ":class:`defaultdict` Examples" +msgstr ":class:`defaultdict` 例子" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:773 +msgid "" +"Using :class:`list` as the :attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory`, it is easy " +"to group a sequence of key-value pairs into a dictionary of lists:" +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`list` 作为 " +":attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory`，很轻松地将（键-值对组成的）序列转换为（键-列表组成的）字典：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:784 +msgid "" +"When each key is encountered for the first time, it is not already in the " +"mapping; so an entry is automatically created using the " +":attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` function which returns an empty " +":class:`list`. The :meth:`!list.append` operation then attaches the value " +"to the new list. When keys are encountered again, the look-up proceeds " +"normally (returning the list for that key) and the :meth:`!list.append` " +"operation adds another value to the list. This technique is simpler and " +"faster than an equivalent technique using :meth:`dict.setdefault`:" +msgstr "" +"当每个键首次被遇到时，它还不在映射之中；所以会使用 :attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` " +"函数自动创建一个条目，该函数返回一个空的 :class:`list`。 随后将使用 :meth:`!list.append` " +"操作将值添加到这个新列表中。 当再次遇到该键时，将正常地执行查找并且 :meth:`!list.append` 操作会将另一个值添加到列表中。 " +"这个做法相比使用 :meth:`dict.setdefault` 的等价做法更简单更快速：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:799 +msgid "" +"Setting the :attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` to :class:`int` makes the " +":class:`defaultdict` useful for counting (like a bag or multiset in other " +"languages):" +msgstr "" +"设置 :attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` 为 :class:`int`，使 " +":class:`defaultdict` 用于计数（类似其他语言中的 bag 或 multiset）：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:811 +msgid "" +"When a letter is first encountered, it is missing from the mapping, so the " +":attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` function calls :func:`int` to supply a " +"default count of zero. The increment operation then builds up the count for" +" each letter." +msgstr "" +"当一个字母首次遇到时，它会查询失败，则 :attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` 会调用 :func:`int` " +"来提供一个整数 0 作为默认值。后续的自增操作建立起对每个字母的计数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:815 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`int` which always returns zero is just a special case of" +" constant functions. A faster and more flexible way to create constant " +"functions is to use a lambda function which can supply any constant value " +"(not just zero):" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`int` 总是返回 0，这是常数函数的特殊情况。一个更快和灵活的方法是使用 lambda 函数，可以提供任何常量值（不只是0）：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:828 +msgid "" +"Setting the :attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` to :class:`set` makes the " +":class:`defaultdict` useful for building a dictionary of sets:" +msgstr "" +"设置 :attr:`~defaultdict.default_factory` 为 :class:`set` 使 " +":class:`defaultdict` 用于构建 set 集合：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:841 +msgid ":func:`namedtuple` Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields" +msgstr ":func:`namedtuple` 命名元组的工厂函数" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:843 +msgid "" +"Named tuples assign meaning to each position in a tuple and allow for more " +"readable, self-documenting code. They can be used wherever regular tuples " +"are used, and they add the ability to access fields by name instead of " +"position index." +msgstr "命名元组赋予每个位置一个含义，提供可读性和自文档性。它们可以用于任何普通元组，并添加了通过名字获取值的能力，通过索引值也是可以的。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:849 +msgid "" +"Returns a new tuple subclass named *typename*. The new subclass is used to " +"create tuple-like objects that have fields accessible by attribute lookup as" +" well as being indexable and iterable. Instances of the subclass also have " +"a helpful docstring (with *typename* and *field_names*) and a helpful " +":meth:`~object.__repr__` method which lists the tuple contents in a " +"``name=value`` format." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的名为 *typename* 的元组子类。 这个新子类将被用于创建具有即可通过索引和迭代又可通过属性查找来访问的字段的元组型对象。 " +"这样的子类实例还将具有文档字符串 (包含 *typename* 和 *field_names*) 和以 ``name=value`` 格式列出元组内容的" +" :meth:`~object.__repr__` 方法以方便使用。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:856 +msgid "" +"The *field_names* are a sequence of strings such as ``['x', 'y']``. " +"Alternatively, *field_names* can be a single string with each fieldname " +"separated by whitespace and/or commas, for example ``'x y'`` or ``'x, y'``." +msgstr "" +"*field_names* 是一个像 ``[‘x’, ‘y’]`` 一样的字符串序列。另外 *field_names* " +"可以是一个纯字符串，用空白或逗号分隔开元素名，比如 ``'x y'`` 或者 ``'x, y'`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:860 +msgid "" +"Any valid Python identifier may be used for a fieldname except for names " +"starting with an underscore. Valid identifiers consist of letters, digits, " +"and underscores but do not start with a digit or underscore and cannot be a " +":mod:`keyword` such as *class*, *for*, *return*, *global*, *pass*, or " +"*raise*." +msgstr "" +"任何有效的Python 标识符都可以作为字段名，除了下划线开头的那些。有效标识符由字母，数字，下划线组成，但首字母不能是数字或下划线，另外不能是关键词 " +":mod:`keyword` 比如 *class*, *for*, *return*, *global*, *pass*, 或 *raise* 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:866 +msgid "" +"If *rename* is true, invalid fieldnames are automatically replaced with " +"positional names. For example, ``['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'abc']`` is " +"converted to ``['abc', '_1', 'ghi', '_3']``, eliminating the keyword ``def``" +" and the duplicate fieldname ``abc``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *rename* 为真， 无效字段名会自动转换成位置名。比如 ``['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'abc']`` 转换成 " +"``['abc', '_1', 'ghi', '_3']`` ， 消除关键词 ``def`` 和重复字段名 ``abc`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:871 +msgid "" +"*defaults* can be ``None`` or an :term:`iterable` of default values. Since " +"fields with a default value must come after any fields without a default, " +"the *defaults* are applied to the rightmost parameters. For example, if the" +" fieldnames are ``['x', 'y', 'z']`` and the defaults are ``(1, 2)``, then " +"``x`` will be a required argument, ``y`` will default to ``1``, and ``z`` " +"will default to ``2``." +msgstr "" +"*defaults* 可以为 ``None`` 或者是一个默认值的 :term:`iterable` " +"。如果一个默认值域必须跟其他没有默认值的域在一起出现，*defaults* 就应用到最右边的参数。比如如果域名 ``['x', 'y', 'z']`` " +"和默认值 ``(1, 2)`` ，那么 ``x`` 就必须指定一个参数值 ，``y`` 默认值 ``1`` ， ``z`` 默认值 ``2`` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:878 +msgid "" +"If *module* is defined, the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute of the named " +"tuple is set to that value." +msgstr "如果定义了 *module*，则命名元组的 :attr:`~type.__module__` 属性将被设为该值。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:881 +msgid "" +"Named tuple instances do not have per-instance dictionaries, so they are " +"lightweight and require no more memory than regular tuples." +msgstr "具名元组实例毋需字典来保存每个实例的不同属性，所以它们轻量，占用的内存和普通元组一样。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:884 +msgid "" +"To support pickling, the named tuple class should be assigned to a variable " +"that matches *typename*." +msgstr "要支持封存操作，应当将命名元组类赋值给一个匹配 *typename* 的变量。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:887 +msgid "Added support for *rename*." +msgstr "添加了对 *rename* 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:890 +msgid "" +"The *verbose* and *rename* parameters became :ref:`keyword-only arguments " +"`." +msgstr "*verbose* 和 *rename* 参数成为 :ref:`仅限关键字参数 `." + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:894 +msgid "Added the *module* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *module* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:897 +msgid "Removed the *verbose* parameter and the :attr:`!_source` attribute." +msgstr "移除了 *verbose* 形参和 :attr:`!_source` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:900 +msgid "" +"Added the *defaults* parameter and the " +":attr:`~somenamedtuple._field_defaults` attribute." +msgstr "添加了 *defaults* 形参和 :attr:`~somenamedtuple._field_defaults` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:904 +msgid "" +">>> # Basic example\n" +">>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])\n" +">>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional or keyword arguments\n" +">>> p[0] + p[1] # indexable like the plain tuple (11, 22)\n" +"33\n" +">>> x, y = p # unpack like a regular tuple\n" +">>> x, y\n" +"(11, 22)\n" +">>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessible by name\n" +"33\n" +">>> p # readable __repr__ with a name=value style\n" +"Point(x=11, y=22)" +msgstr "" +">>> # 基本示例\n" +">>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])\n" +">>> p = Point(11, y=22) # 使用位置或关键字参数进行实例化\n" +">>> p[0] + p[1] # 像普通元组 (11, 22) 一样可索引\n" +"33\n" +">>> x, y = p # 像普通元素一样解包\n" +">>> x, y\n" +"(11, 22)\n" +">>> p.x + p.y # 字段也可按名称访问\n" +"33\n" +">>> p # 名称=值 风格的易读的 __repr__ \n" +"Point(x=11, y=22)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:920 +msgid "" +"Named tuples are especially useful for assigning field names to result " +"tuples returned by the :mod:`csv` or :mod:`sqlite3` modules::" +msgstr "命名元组尤其有用于赋值 :mod:`csv` :mod:`sqlite3` 模块返回的元组 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:923 +msgid "" +"EmployeeRecord = namedtuple('EmployeeRecord', 'name, age, title, department, paygrade')\n" +"\n" +"import csv\n" +"for emp in map(EmployeeRecord._make, csv.reader(open(\"employees.csv\", \"rb\"))):\n" +" print(emp.name, emp.title)\n" +"\n" +"import sqlite3\n" +"conn = sqlite3.connect('/companydata')\n" +"cursor = conn.cursor()\n" +"cursor.execute('SELECT name, age, title, department, paygrade FROM employees')\n" +"for emp in map(EmployeeRecord._make, cursor.fetchall()):\n" +" print(emp.name, emp.title)" +msgstr "" +"EmployeeRecord = namedtuple('EmployeeRecord', 'name, age, title, department, paygrade')\n" +"\n" +"import csv\n" +"for emp in map(EmployeeRecord._make, csv.reader(open(\"employees.csv\", \"rb\"))):\n" +" print(emp.name, emp.title)\n" +"\n" +"import sqlite3\n" +"conn = sqlite3.connect('/companydata')\n" +"cursor = conn.cursor()\n" +"cursor.execute('SELECT name, age, title, department, paygrade FROM employees')\n" +"for emp in map(EmployeeRecord._make, cursor.fetchall()):\n" +" print(emp.name, emp.title)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:936 +msgid "" +"In addition to the methods inherited from tuples, named tuples support three" +" additional methods and two attributes. To prevent conflicts with field " +"names, the method and attribute names start with an underscore." +msgstr "除了继承元组的方法，命名元组还支持三个额外的方法和两个属性。为了防止字段名冲突，方法和属性以下划线开始。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:942 +msgid "" +"Class method that makes a new instance from an existing sequence or " +"iterable." +msgstr "类方法从存在的序列或迭代实例创建一个新实例。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:944 +msgid "" +">>> t = [11, 22]\n" +">>> Point._make(t)\n" +"Point(x=11, y=22)" +msgstr "" +">>> t = [11, 22]\n" +">>> Point._make(t)\n" +"Point(x=11, y=22)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:952 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`dict` which maps field names to their corresponding " +"values:" +msgstr "返回一个新的 :class:`dict` ，它将字段名称映射到它们对应的值：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:955 +msgid "" +">>> p = Point(x=11, y=22)\n" +">>> p._asdict()\n" +"{'x': 11, 'y': 22}" +msgstr "" +">>> p = Point(x=11, y=22)\n" +">>> p._asdict()\n" +"{'x': 11, 'y': 22}" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:961 +msgid "Returns an :class:`OrderedDict` instead of a regular :class:`dict`." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`OrderedDict` 而不是 :class:`dict` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Returns a regular :class:`dict` instead of an :class:`OrderedDict`. As of " +"Python 3.7, regular dicts are guaranteed to be ordered. If the extra " +"features of :class:`OrderedDict` are required, the suggested remediation is " +"to cast the result to the desired type: ``OrderedDict(nt._asdict())``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个常规 :class:`dict` 而不是 :class:`OrderedDict`。 因为自 Python 3.7 起，常规字典已经保证有序。 " +"如果需要 :class:`OrderedDict` 的额外特性，推荐的解决方案是将结果转换为需要的类型: " +"``OrderedDict(nt._asdict())``。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:973 +msgid "" +"Return a new instance of the named tuple replacing specified fields with new" +" values::" +msgstr "返回一个新的命名元组实例，并将指定域替换为新的值 ::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:976 +msgid "" +">>> p = Point(x=11, y=22)\n" +">>> p._replace(x=33)\n" +"Point(x=33, y=22)\n" +"\n" +">>> for partnum, record in inventory.items():\n" +"... inventory[partnum] = record._replace(price=newprices[partnum], timestamp=time.now())" +msgstr "" +">>> p = Point(x=11, y=22)\n" +">>> p._replace(x=33)\n" +"Point(x=33, y=22)\n" +"\n" +">>> for partnum, record in inventory.items():\n" +"... inventory[partnum] = record._replace(price=newprices[partnum], timestamp=time.now())" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Named tuples are also supported by generic function :func:`copy.replace`." +msgstr "泛型函数 :func:`copy.replace` 也支持具名元组。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:985 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`TypeError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` for invalid keyword " +"arguments." +msgstr "对于无效的关键字参数将引发 :exc:`TypeError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:991 +msgid "" +"Tuple of strings listing the field names. Useful for introspection and for " +"creating new named tuple types from existing named tuples." +msgstr "字符串元组列出了字段名。用于提醒和从现有元组创建一个新的命名元组类型。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:994 +msgid "" +">>> p._fields # view the field names\n" +"('x', 'y')\n" +"\n" +">>> Color = namedtuple('Color', 'red green blue')\n" +">>> Pixel = namedtuple('Pixel', Point._fields + Color._fields)\n" +">>> Pixel(11, 22, 128, 255, 0)\n" +"Pixel(x=11, y=22, red=128, green=255, blue=0)" +msgstr "" +">>> p._fields # 查看字段名\n" +"('x', 'y')\n" +"\n" +">>> Color = namedtuple('Color', 'red green blue')\n" +">>> Pixel = namedtuple('Pixel', Point._fields + Color._fields)\n" +">>> Pixel(11, 22, 128, 255, 0)\n" +"Pixel(x=11, y=22, red=128, green=255, blue=0)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1006 +msgid "Dictionary mapping field names to default values." +msgstr "字典将字段名称映射到默认值。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1008 +msgid "" +">>> Account = namedtuple('Account', ['type', 'balance'], defaults=[0])\n" +">>> Account._field_defaults\n" +"{'balance': 0}\n" +">>> Account('premium')\n" +"Account(type='premium', balance=0)" +msgstr "" +">>> Account = namedtuple('Account', ['type', 'balance'], defaults=[0])\n" +">>> Account._field_defaults\n" +"{'balance': 0}\n" +">>> Account('premium')\n" +"Account(type='premium', balance=0)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"To retrieve a field whose name is stored in a string, use the " +":func:`getattr` function:" +msgstr "要获取这个名字域的值，使用 :func:`getattr` 函数 :" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"To convert a dictionary to a named tuple, use the double-star-operator (as " +"described in :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments`):" +msgstr "转换一个字典到命名元组，使用 ** 两星操作符 (所述如 :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments`):" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"Since a named tuple is a regular Python class, it is easy to add or change " +"functionality with a subclass. Here is how to add a calculated field and a " +"fixed-width print format:" +msgstr "因为一个命名元组是一个正常的Python类，它可以很容易的通过子类更改功能。这里是如何添加一个计算域和定宽输出打印格式:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1033 +msgid "" +">>> class Point(namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])):\n" +"... __slots__ = ()\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def hypot(self):\n" +"... return (self.x ** 2 + self.y ** 2) ** 0.5\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return 'Point: x=%6.3f y=%6.3f hypot=%6.3f' % (self.x, self.y, self.hypot)\n" +"\n" +">>> for p in Point(3, 4), Point(14, 5/7):\n" +"... print(p)\n" +"Point: x= 3.000 y= 4.000 hypot= 5.000\n" +"Point: x=14.000 y= 0.714 hypot=14.018" +msgstr "" +">>> class Point(namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])):\n" +"... __slots__ = ()\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def hypot(self):\n" +"... return (self.x ** 2 + self.y ** 2) ** 0.5\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return 'Point: x=%6.3f y=%6.3f hypot=%6.3f' % (self.x, self.y, self.hypot)\n" +"\n" +">>> for p in Point(3, 4), Point(14, 5/7):\n" +"... print(p)\n" +"Point: x= 3.000 y= 4.000 hypot= 5.000\n" +"Point: x=14.000 y= 0.714 hypot=14.018" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"The subclass shown above sets ``__slots__`` to an empty tuple. This helps " +"keep memory requirements low by preventing the creation of instance " +"dictionaries." +msgstr "上面的子类设置 ``__slots__`` 为一个空元组。通过阻止创建实例字典保持了较低的内存开销。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"Subclassing is not useful for adding new, stored fields. Instead, simply " +"create a new named tuple type from the :attr:`~somenamedtuple._fields` " +"attribute:" +msgstr "" +"子类化对于添加和存储新的名字域是无效的。应当通过 :attr:`~somenamedtuple._fields` 创建一个新的命名元组来实现它:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"Docstrings can be customized by making direct assignments to the ``__doc__``" +" fields:" +msgstr "文档字符串可以自定义，通过直接赋值给 ``__doc__`` 属性:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1065 +msgid "Property docstrings became writeable." +msgstr "文档字符串属性变成可写。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"See :class:`typing.NamedTuple` for a way to add type hints for named tuples." +" It also provides an elegant notation using the :keyword:`class` keyword::" +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :class:`typing.NamedTuple` ，以获取为命名元组添加类型提示的方法。 它还使用 :keyword:`class` " +"关键字提供了一种优雅的符号::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"class Component(NamedTuple):\n" +" part_number: int\n" +" weight: float\n" +" description: Optional[str] = None" +msgstr "" +"class Component(NamedTuple):\n" +" part_number: int\n" +" weight: float\n" +" description: Optional[str] = None" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"See :meth:`types.SimpleNamespace` for a mutable namespace based on an " +"underlying dictionary instead of a tuple." +msgstr "对于以字典为底层的可变域名， 参考 :meth:`types.SimpleNamespace` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dataclasses` module provides a decorator and functions for " +"automatically adding generated special methods to user-defined classes." +msgstr ":mod:`dataclasses` 模块提供了一个装饰器和一些函数，用于自动将生成的特殊方法添加到用户定义的类中。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1087 +msgid ":class:`OrderedDict` objects" +msgstr ":class:`OrderedDict` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"Ordered dictionaries are just like regular dictionaries but have some extra " +"capabilities relating to ordering operations. They have become less " +"important now that the built-in :class:`dict` class gained the ability to " +"remember insertion order (this new behavior became guaranteed in Python " +"3.7)." +msgstr "" +"有序词典就像常规词典一样，但有一些与排序操作相关的额外功能。由于内置的 :class:`dict` 类获得了记住插入顺序的能力（在 Python 3.7" +" 中保证了这种新行为），它们变得不那么重要了。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1095 +msgid "Some differences from :class:`dict` still remain:" +msgstr "一些与 :class:`dict` 的不同仍然存在：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"The regular :class:`dict` was designed to be very good at mapping " +"operations. Tracking insertion order was secondary." +msgstr "常规的 :class:`dict` 被设计为非常擅长映射操作。 跟踪插入顺序是次要的。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"The :class:`OrderedDict` was designed to be good at reordering operations. " +"Space efficiency, iteration speed, and the performance of update operations " +"were secondary." +msgstr ":class:`OrderedDict` 旨在擅长重新排序操作。 空间效率、迭代速度和更新操作的性能是次要的。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"The :class:`OrderedDict` algorithm can handle frequent reordering operations" +" better than :class:`dict`. As shown in the recipes below, this makes it " +"suitable for implementing various kinds of LRU caches." +msgstr "" +":class:`OrderedDict` 算法能比 :class:`dict` 更好地处理频繁的重排序操作。 如下面的例程所示，这使得它更适用于实现各种" +" LRU 缓存。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"The equality operation for :class:`OrderedDict` checks for matching order." +msgstr "对于 :class:`OrderedDict` ，相等操作检查匹配顺序。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"A regular :class:`dict` can emulate the order sensitive equality test with " +"``p == q and all(k1 == k2 for k1, k2 in zip(p, q))``." +msgstr "" +"常规的 :class:`dict` 可以使用 ``p == q and all(k1 == k2 for k1, k2 in zip(p, q))`` " +"进行模拟顺序相等性测试。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1113 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~OrderedDict.popitem` method of :class:`OrderedDict` has a " +"different signature. It accepts an optional argument to specify which item " +"is popped." +msgstr "" +":class:`OrderedDict` 的 :meth:`~OrderedDict.popitem` 方法具有不同的签名。 " +"它接受一个可选参数来指定要弹出哪一项。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"A regular :class:`dict` can emulate OrderedDict's ``od.popitem(last=True)`` " +"with ``d.popitem()`` which is guaranteed to pop the rightmost (last) item." +msgstr "" +"常规的 :class:`dict` 可以使用 ``d.popitem()`` 模拟 OrderedDict 的 " +"``od.popitem(last=True)``，其保证会返回最右边（最后）的项。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1119 +msgid "" +"A regular :class:`dict` can emulate OrderedDict's ``od.popitem(last=False)``" +" with ``(k := next(iter(d)), d.pop(k))`` which will return and remove the " +"leftmost (first) item if it exists." +msgstr "" +"常规的 :class:`dict` 可以通过 ``(k := next(iter(d)), d.pop(k))`` 来模拟 OrderedDict 的 " +"``od.popitem(last=False)``，它将返回并移除最左边（开头）的条目，如果条目存在的话。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1123 +msgid "" +":class:`OrderedDict` has a :meth:`~OrderedDict.move_to_end` method to " +"efficiently reposition an element to an endpoint." +msgstr "" +":class:`OrderedDict` 具有一个 :meth:`~OrderedDict.move_to_end` 方法以高效地将元素移到任一端点。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"A regular :class:`dict` can emulate OrderedDict's ``od.move_to_end(k, " +"last=True)`` with ``d[k] = d.pop(k)`` which will move the key and its " +"associated value to the rightmost (last) position." +msgstr "" +"常规的 :class:`dict` 可以通过 ``d[k] = d.pop(k)`` 来模拟 OrderedDict 的 " +"``od.move_to_end(k, last=True)``，它将把键及其所关联的值移到最右边（末尾）的位置。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"A regular :class:`dict` does not have an efficient equivalent for " +"OrderedDict's ``od.move_to_end(k, last=False)`` which moves the key and its " +"associated value to the leftmost (first) position." +msgstr "" +"常规的 :class:`dict` 没有 OrderedDict 的 ``od.move_to_end(k, last=False)`` " +"的高效等价物，它会把键及其所关联的值移到最左边（开头）的位置。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1134 +msgid "" +"Until Python 3.8, :class:`dict` lacked a :meth:`~object.__reversed__` " +"method." +msgstr "在 Python 3.8 之前，:class:`dict` 都缺少 :meth:`~object.__reversed__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"Return an instance of a :class:`dict` subclass that has methods specialized " +"for rearranging dictionary order." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`dict` 子类的实例，它具有专门用于重新排列字典顺序的方法。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1146 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`popitem` method for ordered dictionaries returns and removes a " +"(key, value) pair. The pairs are returned in :abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-" +"out)` order if *last* is true or :abbr:`FIFO (first-in, first-out)` order if" +" false." +msgstr "" +"有序字典的 :meth:`popitem` 方法移除并返回一个 (key, value) 键值对。 如果 *last* 值为真，则按 " +":abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-out)` 后进先出的顺序返回键值对，否则就按 :abbr:`FIFO (first-in, " +"first-out)` 先进先出的顺序返回键值对。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"Move an existing *key* to either end of an ordered dictionary. The item is " +"moved to the right end if *last* is true (the default) or to the beginning " +"if *last* is false. Raises :exc:`KeyError` if the *key* does not exist:" +msgstr "" +"将一个现有的 *key* 移到序字典的任一端。 如果 *last* 为真值（默认）则将条目移到右端，或者如果 *last* 为假值则将条目移到开头。 " +"如果 *key* 不存在则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1158 +msgid "" +">>> d = OrderedDict.fromkeys('abcde')\n" +">>> d.move_to_end('b')\n" +">>> ''.join(d)\n" +"'acdeb'\n" +">>> d.move_to_end('b', last=False)\n" +">>> ''.join(d)\n" +"'bacde'" +msgstr "" +">>> d = OrderedDict.fromkeys('abcde')\n" +">>> d.move_to_end('b')\n" +">>> ''.join(d)\n" +"'acdeb'\n" +">>> d.move_to_end('b', last=False)\n" +">>> ''.join(d)\n" +"'bacde'" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"In addition to the usual mapping methods, ordered dictionaries also support " +"reverse iteration using :func:`reversed`." +msgstr "相对于通常的映射方法，有序字典还另外提供了逆序迭代的支持，通过 :func:`reversed` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1175 +msgid "" +"Equality tests between :class:`OrderedDict` objects are order-sensitive and " +"are roughly equivalent to ``list(od1.items())==list(od2.items())``." +msgstr "" +":class:`OrderedDict` 对象之间的相等性检测对顺序敏感并且大致等价于 " +"``list(od1.items())==list(od2.items())``。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"Equality tests between :class:`OrderedDict` objects and other " +":class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` objects are order-insensitive like regular" +" dictionaries. This allows :class:`OrderedDict` objects to be substituted " +"anywhere a regular dictionary is used." +msgstr "" +":class:`OrderedDict` 对象和其他 :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` " +"对象之间的相等性检测像常规字典那样对顺序不敏感。 这允许 :class:`OrderedDict` 对象在任何可使用字典的地方被替代。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"The items, keys, and values :term:`views ` of " +":class:`OrderedDict` now support reverse iteration using :func:`reversed`." +msgstr "" +":class:`OrderedDict` 的项(item)，键(key)和值(value) :term:`视图 ` " +"现在支持逆序迭代，通过 :func:`reversed` 。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1187 +msgid "" +"With the acceptance of :pep:`468`, order is retained for keyword arguments " +"passed to the :class:`OrderedDict` constructor and its :meth:`~dict.update` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"随着 :pep:`468` 的通过，传给 :class:`OrderedDict` 构造器及其 :meth:`~dict.update` " +"方法的关键字参数顺序将被保留。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1197 +msgid ":class:`OrderedDict` Examples and Recipes" +msgstr ":class:`OrderedDict` 例子和用法" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"It is straightforward to create an ordered dictionary variant that remembers" +" the order the keys were *last* inserted. If a new entry overwrites an " +"existing entry, the original insertion position is changed and moved to the " +"end::" +msgstr "创建记住键值 *最后* 插入顺序的有序字典变体很简单。 如果新条目覆盖现有条目，则原始插入位置将更改并移至末尾::" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"class LastUpdatedOrderedDict(OrderedDict):\n" +" 'Store items in the order the keys were last added'\n" +"\n" +" def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n" +" super().__setitem__(key, value)\n" +" self.move_to_end(key)" +msgstr "" +"class LastUpdatedOrderedDict(OrderedDict):\n" +" 'Store items in the order the keys were last added'\n" +"\n" +" def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n" +" super().__setitem__(key, value)\n" +" self.move_to_end(key)" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1211 +msgid "" +"An :class:`OrderedDict` would also be useful for implementing variants of " +":func:`functools.lru_cache`:" +msgstr "一个 :class:`OrderedDict` 对于实现 :func:`functools.lru_cache` 的变体也很有用:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"from collections import OrderedDict\n" +"from time import time\n" +"\n" +"class TimeBoundedLRU:\n" +" \"LRU Cache that invalidates and refreshes old entries.\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, func, maxsize=128, maxage=30):\n" +" self.cache = OrderedDict() # { args : (timestamp, result)}\n" +" self.func = func\n" +" self.maxsize = maxsize\n" +" self.maxage = maxage\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args):\n" +" if args in self.cache:\n" +" self.cache.move_to_end(args)\n" +" timestamp, result = self.cache[args]\n" +" if time() - timestamp <= self.maxage:\n" +" return result\n" +" result = self.func(*args)\n" +" self.cache[args] = time(), result\n" +" if len(self.cache) > self.maxsize:\n" +" self.cache.popitem(last=False)\n" +" return result" +msgstr "" +"from collections import OrderedDict\n" +"from time import time\n" +"\n" +"class TimeBoundedLRU:\n" +" \"LRU Cache that invalidates and refreshes old entries.\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, func, maxsize=128, maxage=30):\n" +" self.cache = OrderedDict() # { args : (timestamp, result)}\n" +" self.func = func\n" +" self.maxsize = maxsize\n" +" self.maxage = maxage\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args):\n" +" if args in self.cache:\n" +" self.cache.move_to_end(args)\n" +" timestamp, result = self.cache[args]\n" +" if time() - timestamp <= self.maxage:\n" +" return result\n" +" result = self.func(*args)\n" +" self.cache[args] = time(), result\n" +" if len(self.cache) > self.maxsize:\n" +" self.cache.popitem(last=False)\n" +" return result" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"class MultiHitLRUCache:\n" +" \"\"\" LRU cache that defers caching a result until\n" +" it has been requested multiple times.\n" +"\n" +" To avoid flushing the LRU cache with one-time requests,\n" +" we don't cache until a request has been made more than once.\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, func, maxsize=128, maxrequests=4096, cache_after=1):\n" +" self.requests = OrderedDict() # { uncached_key : request_count }\n" +" self.cache = OrderedDict() # { cached_key : function_result }\n" +" self.func = func\n" +" self.maxrequests = maxrequests # max number of uncached requests\n" +" self.maxsize = maxsize # max number of stored return values\n" +" self.cache_after = cache_after\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args):\n" +" if args in self.cache:\n" +" self.cache.move_to_end(args)\n" +" return self.cache[args]\n" +" result = self.func(*args)\n" +" self.requests[args] = self.requests.get(args, 0) + 1\n" +" if self.requests[args] <= self.cache_after:\n" +" self.requests.move_to_end(args)\n" +" if len(self.requests) > self.maxrequests:\n" +" self.requests.popitem(last=False)\n" +" else:\n" +" self.requests.pop(args, None)\n" +" self.cache[args] = result\n" +" if len(self.cache) > self.maxsize:\n" +" self.cache.popitem(last=False)\n" +" return result" +msgstr "" +"class MultiHitLRUCache:\n" +" \"\"\" LRU cache that defers caching a result until\n" +" it has been requested multiple times.\n" +"\n" +" To avoid flushing the LRU cache with one-time requests,\n" +" we don't cache until a request has been made more than once.\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, func, maxsize=128, maxrequests=4096, cache_after=1):\n" +" self.requests = OrderedDict() # { uncached_key : request_count }\n" +" self.cache = OrderedDict() # { cached_key : function_result }\n" +" self.func = func\n" +" self.maxrequests = maxrequests # 未缓存请求的最大数量\n" +" self.maxsize = maxsize # 已存储返回值的最大数量\n" +" self.cache_after = cache_after\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, *args):\n" +" if args in self.cache:\n" +" self.cache.move_to_end(args)\n" +" return self.cache[args]\n" +" result = self.func(*args)\n" +" self.requests[args] = self.requests.get(args, 0) + 1\n" +" if self.requests[args] <= self.cache_after:\n" +" self.requests.move_to_end(args)\n" +" if len(self.requests) > self.maxrequests:\n" +" self.requests.popitem(last=False)\n" +" else:\n" +" self.requests.pop(args, None)\n" +" self.cache[args] = result\n" +" if len(self.cache) > self.maxsize:\n" +" self.cache.popitem(last=False)\n" +" return result" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1310 +msgid ":class:`UserDict` objects" +msgstr ":class:`UserDict` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"The class, :class:`UserDict` acts as a wrapper around dictionary objects. " +"The need for this class has been partially supplanted by the ability to " +"subclass directly from :class:`dict`; however, this class can be easier to " +"work with because the underlying dictionary is accessible as an attribute." +msgstr "" +":class:`UserDict` 类是用作字典对象的外包装。对这个类的需求已部分由直接创建 :class:`dict` " +"的子类的功能所替代；不过，这个类处理起来更容易，因为底层的字典可以作为属性来访问。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1320 +msgid "" +"Class that simulates a dictionary. The instance's contents are kept in a " +"regular dictionary, which is accessible via the :attr:`data` attribute of " +":class:`UserDict` instances. If *initialdata* is provided, :attr:`data` is " +"initialized with its contents; note that a reference to *initialdata* will " +"not be kept, allowing it to be used for other purposes." +msgstr "" +"模拟字典的类。 这个实例的内容保存在一个常规字典中，它可以通过 :class:`UserDict` 实例的 :attr:`data` 属性来访问。 " +"如果提供了 *initialdata*，则 :attr:`data` 会用其内容来初始化；请注意对 *initialdata* " +"的引用将不会被保留，以允许它被用于其他目的。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1326 +msgid "" +"In addition to supporting the methods and operations of mappings, " +":class:`UserDict` instances provide the following attribute:" +msgstr ":class:`UserDict` 实例提供了以下属性作为扩展方法和操作的支持:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"A real dictionary used to store the contents of the :class:`UserDict` class." +msgstr "一个真实的字典，用于保存 :class:`UserDict` 类的内容。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1337 +msgid ":class:`UserList` objects" +msgstr ":class:`UserList` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"This class acts as a wrapper around list objects. It is a useful base class" +" for your own list-like classes which can inherit from them and override " +"existing methods or add new ones. In this way, one can add new behaviors to" +" lists." +msgstr "" +"这个类封装了列表对象。它是一个有用的基础类，对于你想自定义的类似列表的类，可以继承和覆盖现有的方法，也可以添加新的方法。这样我们可以对列表添加新的行为。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1344 +msgid "" +"The need for this class has been partially supplanted by the ability to " +"subclass directly from :class:`list`; however, this class can be easier to " +"work with because the underlying list is accessible as an attribute." +msgstr "" +"对这个类的需求已部分由直接创建 :class:`list` 的子类的功能所替代；不过，这个类处理起来更容易，因为底层的列表可以作为属性来访问。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"Class that simulates a list. The instance's contents are kept in a regular " +"list, which is accessible via the :attr:`data` attribute of " +":class:`UserList` instances. The instance's contents are initially set to a" +" copy of *list*, defaulting to the empty list ``[]``. *list* can be any " +"iterable, for example a real Python list or a :class:`UserList` object." +msgstr "" +"模拟一个列表。这个实例的内容被保存为一个正常列表，通过 :class:`UserList` 的 :attr:`data` " +"属性存取。实例内容被初始化为一个 *list* 的copy，默认为 ``[]`` 空列表。 *list* " +"可以是迭代对象，比如一个Python列表，或者一个 :class:`UserList` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"In addition to supporting the methods and operations of mutable sequences, " +":class:`UserList` instances provide the following attribute:" +msgstr ":class:`UserList` 提供了以下属性作为可变序列的方法和操作的扩展:" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1361 +msgid "" +"A real :class:`list` object used to store the contents of the " +":class:`UserList` class." +msgstr "一个 :class:`list` 对象用于存储 :class:`UserList` 的内容。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1364 +msgid "" +"**Subclassing requirements:** Subclasses of :class:`UserList` are expected " +"to offer a constructor which can be called with either no arguments or one " +"argument. List operations which return a new sequence attempt to create an " +"instance of the actual implementation class. To do so, it assumes that the " +"constructor can be called with a single parameter, which is a sequence " +"object used as a data source." +msgstr "" +"**子类化的要求:** :class:`UserList` " +"的子类需要提供一个构造器，可以无参数调用，或者一个参数调用。返回一个新序列的列表操作需要创建一个实现类的实例。它假定了构造器可以以一个参数进行调用，这个参数是一个序列对象，作为数据源。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"If a derived class does not wish to comply with this requirement, all of the" +" special methods supported by this class will need to be overridden; please " +"consult the sources for information about the methods which need to be " +"provided in that case." +msgstr "如果一个分离的类不希望依照这个需求，所有的特殊方法就必须重写；请参照源代码进行修改。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1377 +msgid ":class:`UserString` objects" +msgstr ":class:`UserString` 对象" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"The class, :class:`UserString` acts as a wrapper around string objects. The " +"need for this class has been partially supplanted by the ability to subclass" +" directly from :class:`str`; however, this class can be easier to work with " +"because the underlying string is accessible as an attribute." +msgstr "" +":class:`UserString` 类是用作字符串对象的外包装。对这个类的需求已部分由直接创建 :class:`str` " +"的子类的功能所替代；不过，这个类处理起来更容易，因为底层的字符串可以作为属性来访问。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1387 +msgid "" +"Class that simulates a string object. The instance's content is kept in a " +"regular string object, which is accessible via the :attr:`data` attribute of" +" :class:`UserString` instances. The instance's contents are initially set " +"to a copy of *seq*. The *seq* argument can be any object which can be " +"converted into a string using the built-in :func:`str` function." +msgstr "" +"模拟一个字符串对象。这个实例对象的内容保存为一个正常字符串，通过 :class:`UserString` 的 :attr:`data` " +"属性存取。实例内容初始化设置为 *seq* 的copy。*seq* 参数可以是任何可通过内建 :func:`str` 函数转换为字符串的对象。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1394 +msgid "" +"In addition to supporting the methods and operations of strings, " +":class:`UserString` instances provide the following attribute:" +msgstr ":class:`UserString` 提供了以下属性作为字符串方法和操作的额外支持：" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1399 +msgid "" +"A real :class:`str` object used to store the contents of the " +":class:`UserString` class." +msgstr "一个真正的 :class:`str` 对象用来存放 :class:`UserString` 类的内容。" + +#: ../../library/collections.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"New methods ``__getnewargs__``, ``__rmod__``, ``casefold``, ``format_map``, " +"``isprintable``, and ``maketrans``." +msgstr "" +"新方法 ``__getnewargs__``, ``__rmod__``, ``casefold``, ``format_map``, " +"``isprintable``, 和 ``maketrans``。" diff --git a/library/colorsys.po b/library/colorsys.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2881a7a1b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/colorsys.po @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!colorsys` --- Conversions between color systems" +msgstr ":mod:`!colorsys` --- 颜色系统间的转换" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/colorsys.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/colorsys.py`" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`colorsys` module defines bidirectional conversions of color values" +" between colors expressed in the RGB (Red Green Blue) color space used in " +"computer monitors and three other coordinate systems: YIQ, HLS (Hue " +"Lightness Saturation) and HSV (Hue Saturation Value). Coordinates in all of" +" these color spaces are floating-point values. In the YIQ space, the Y " +"coordinate is between 0 and 1, but the I and Q coordinates can be positive " +"or negative. In all other spaces, the coordinates are all between 0 and 1." +msgstr "" +":mod:`colorsys` 模块定义了计算机显示器所用的 RGB (Red Green Blue) 色彩空间与三种其他色彩坐标系统 YIQ, HLS" +" (Hue Lightness Saturation) 和 HSV (Hue Saturation Value) 表示的颜色值之间的双向转换。 " +"所有这些色彩空间的坐标都使用浮点数值来表示。 在 YIQ 空间中，Y 坐标取值为 0 和 1 之间，而 I 和 Q 坐标均可以为正数或负数。 " +"在所有其他空间中，坐标取值均为 0 和 1 之间。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:23 +msgid "" +"More information about color spaces can be found at " +"https://poynton.ca/ColorFAQ.html and " +"https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm." +msgstr "" +"有关色彩空间的更多信息可访问 https://poynton.ca/ColorFAQ.html 和 " +"https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:27 +msgid "The :mod:`colorsys` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`colorsys` 模块定义了如下函数：" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:32 +msgid "Convert the color from RGB coordinates to YIQ coordinates." +msgstr "把颜色从RGB值转为YIQ值。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:37 +msgid "Convert the color from YIQ coordinates to RGB coordinates." +msgstr "把颜色从YIQ值转为RGB值。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:42 +msgid "Convert the color from RGB coordinates to HLS coordinates." +msgstr "把颜色从RGB值转为HLS值。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:47 +msgid "Convert the color from HLS coordinates to RGB coordinates." +msgstr "把颜色从HLS值转为RGB值。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:52 +msgid "Convert the color from RGB coordinates to HSV coordinates." +msgstr "把颜色从RGB值转为HSV值。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:57 +msgid "Convert the color from HSV coordinates to RGB coordinates." +msgstr "把颜色从HSV值转为RGB值。" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:59 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/colorsys.rst:61 +msgid "" +">>> import colorsys\n" +">>> colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(0.2, 0.4, 0.4)\n" +"(0.5, 0.5, 0.4)\n" +">>> colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.4)\n" +"(0.2, 0.4, 0.4)" +msgstr "" +">>> import colorsys\n" +">>> colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(0.2, 0.4, 0.4)\n" +"(0.5, 0.5, 0.4)\n" +">>> colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.4)\n" +"(0.2, 0.4, 0.4)" diff --git a/library/compileall.po b/library/compileall.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55c02ab26 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/compileall.po @@ -0,0 +1,480 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# 1lin24 <1lin24@sina.com>, 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!compileall` --- Byte-compile Python libraries" +msgstr ":mod:`!compileall` --- 字节编译 Python 库" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/compileall.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/compileall.py`" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module provides some utility functions to support installing Python " +"libraries. These functions compile Python source files in a directory tree." +" This module can be used to create the cached byte-code files at library " +"installation time, which makes them available for use even by users who " +"don't have write permission to the library directories." +msgstr "" +"这个模块提供了一些工具函数来支持安装 Python 库。 这些函数可以编译一个目录树中的 Python 源文件。 " +"这个模块可被用来在安装库时创建缓存的字节码文件，这使得它们对于没有库目录写入权限的用户来说也是可用的。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:22 +msgid "Command-line use" +msgstr "使用命令行" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This module can work as a script (using :program:`python -m compileall`) to " +"compile Python sources." +msgstr "此模块可以作为脚本运行 (使用 :program:`python -m compileall`) 来编译 Python 源代码。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Positional arguments are files to compile or directories that contain source" +" files, traversed recursively. If no argument is given, behave as if the " +"command line was :samp:`-l {}`." +msgstr "" +"位置参数是要编译的文件或包含源文件的目录，目录将被递归地遍历。 如果没有给出参数，则其行为如同使用了命令行 :samp:`-l " +"{}`。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Do not recurse into subdirectories, only compile source code files directly " +"contained in the named or implied directories." +msgstr "不要递归到子目录，只编译直接包含在指明或隐含的目录中的源代码文件。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:43 +msgid "Force rebuild even if timestamps are up-to-date." +msgstr "强制重新构建即使时间戳是最新的。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Do not print the list of files compiled. If passed once, error messages will" +" still be printed. If passed twice (``-qq``), all output is suppressed." +msgstr "不要打印已编译文件的列表。 如果传入一次，则错误消息仍将被打印。 如果传入两次 (``-qq``)，所有输出都会被屏蔽。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Directory prepended to the path to each file being compiled. This will " +"appear in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-" +"code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases " +"where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is " +"executed." +msgstr "" +"要附加到每个被编译文件的路径之前的目录。 " +"这将出现在编译时回溯信息中，并且还会被编译到字节码文件中，届时它将在字节码文件被执行而源文件已不存在的情况下被用于回溯和其他消息。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Remove (``-s``) or append (``-p``) the given prefix of paths recorded in the" +" ``.pyc`` files. Cannot be combined with ``-d``." +msgstr "移除 (``-s``) 或添加 (``-p``) 记录在 ``.pyc`` 文件中的给定路径前缀。 不可与 ``-d`` 一同使用。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:67 +msgid "" +"regex is used to search the full path to each file considered for " +"compilation, and if the regex produces a match, the file is skipped." +msgstr "regex 会被用于搜索每个要执行编译的文件的完整路径，而如果 regex 产生了一个匹配，则相应文件会被跳过。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Read the file ``list`` and add each line that it contains to the list of " +"files and directories to compile. If ``list`` is ``-``, read lines from " +"``stdin``." +msgstr "" +"读取文件 ``list`` 并将其包含的每一行添加到要编译的文件和目录列表中。 如果 ``list`` 为 ``-``，则从 ``stdin`` " +"读取行。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Write the byte-code files to their legacy locations and names, which may " +"overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python. The default" +" is to write files to their :pep:`3147` locations and names, which allows " +"byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist." +msgstr "" +"将字节码写入到它们的传统位置和名称，这可能会覆盖由另一版本的 Python 所创建的字节码文件。 默认是将文件写入到它们的 :pep:`3147` " +"位置和名称，这允许来自多个版本的 Python 字节码文件共存。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Control the maximum recursion level for subdirectories. If this is given, " +"then ``-l`` option will not be taken into account. :program:`python -m " +"compileall -r 0` is equivalent to :program:`python -m compileall" +" -l`." +msgstr "" +"控制子目录的最大递归层级。 如果给出此选项，则 ``-l`` 选项将不会被考虑。 :program:`python -m compileall " +" -r 0` 等价于 :program:`python -m compileall -l`。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Use *N* workers to compile the files within the given directory. If ``0`` is" +" used, then the result of :func:`os.process_cpu_count` will be used." +msgstr "" +"使用 *N* 个工作进程来编译给定目录中的文件。 如果使用 ``0``，则将使用 :func:`os.process_cpu_count` 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Control how the generated byte-code files are invalidated at runtime. The " +"``timestamp`` value, means that ``.pyc`` files with the source timestamp and" +" size embedded will be generated. The ``checked-hash`` and ``unchecked-" +"hash`` values cause hash-based pycs to be generated. Hash-based pycs embed a" +" hash of the source file contents rather than a timestamp. See :ref:`pyc-" +"invalidation` for more information on how Python validates bytecode cache " +"files at runtime. The default is ``timestamp`` if the " +":envvar:`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` environment variable is not set, and ``checked-" +"hash`` if the ``SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`` environment variable is set." +msgstr "" +"控制生成的字节码文件在运行时的失效规则。 值为 ``timestamp``，意味着将生成嵌入了源时间戳和大小的 ``.pyc`` 文件。 " +"``checked-hash`` 和 ``unchecked-hash`` 等值将导致生成基于哈希的 pyc。 基于哈希的 pyc " +"嵌入了源文件内容的哈希值而不是时间戳。 请参阅 :ref:`pyc-invalidation` 了解有关 Python " +"在运行时如何验证字节码缓存文件的更多信息。 如果未设置 :envvar:`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` 环境变量则默认值为 " +"``timestamp``，而如果设置了 ``SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`` 则为 ``checked-hash``。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Compile with the given optimization level. May be used multiple times to " +"compile for multiple levels at a time (for example, ``compileall -o 1 -o " +"2``)." +msgstr "使用给定的优化级别进行编译。 可以多次使用来一次性地针对多个级别进行编译 (例如，``compileall -o 1 -o 2``)。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:117 +msgid "Ignore symlinks pointing outside the given directory." +msgstr "忽略指向给定目录之外的符号链接。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:121 +msgid "" +"If two ``.pyc`` files with different optimization level have the same " +"content, use hard links to consolidate duplicate files." +msgstr "如果两个不同优化级别的 ``.pyc`` 文件具有相同的内容，则使用硬链接来合并重复的文件。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:124 +msgid "Added the ``-i``, ``-b`` and ``-h`` options." +msgstr "增加了 ``-i``, ``-b`` 和 ``-h`` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Added the ``-j``, ``-r``, and ``-qq`` options. ``-q`` option was changed " +"to a multilevel value. ``-b`` will always produce a byte-code file ending " +"in ``.pyc``, never ``.pyo``." +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``-j``, ``-r`` 和 ``-qq`` 选项。 ``-q`` 选项改为多级别值。 ``-b`` 将总是产生以 ``.pyc`` " +"为后缀的字节码文件，而不是 ``.pyo``。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:132 +msgid "Added the ``--invalidation-mode`` option." +msgstr "增加了 ``--invalidation-mode`` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Added the ``-s``, ``-p``, ``-e`` and ``--hardlink-dupes`` options. Raised " +"the default recursion limit from 10 to :py:func:`sys.getrecursionlimit()`. " +"Added the possibility to specify the ``-o`` option multiple times." +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``-s``, ``-p``, ``-e`` 和 ``--hardlink-dupes`` 选项。 将默认的递归限制从 10 提高到 " +":py:func:`sys.getrecursionlimit()`。 增加允许多次指定 ``-o`` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:142 +msgid "" +"There is no command-line option to control the optimization level used by " +"the :func:`compile` function, because the Python interpreter itself already " +"provides the option: :program:`python -O -m compileall`." +msgstr "" +"没有可以控制 :func:`compile` 函数所使用的优化级别的命令行选项，因为 Python 解释器本身已经提供了该选项: " +":program:`python -O -m compileall`。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Similarly, the :func:`compile` function respects the " +":data:`sys.pycache_prefix` setting. The generated bytecode cache will only " +"be useful if :func:`compile` is run with the same :data:`sys.pycache_prefix`" +" (if any) that will be used at runtime." +msgstr "" +"类似地，:func:`compile` 函数会遵循 :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` 设置。 所生成的字节码缓存将仅在 " +":func:`compile` 附带与将在运行时使用的相同 :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` 时可用（如果存在该设置）。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:152 +msgid "Public functions" +msgstr "公有函数" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Recursively descend the directory tree named by *dir*, compiling all " +":file:`.py` files along the way. Return a true value if all the files " +"compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise." +msgstr "递归地深入名为 *dir* 的目录树，在途中编译所有 :file:`.py` 文件。 如果所有文件都编译成功则返回真值，否则返回假值。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The *maxlevels* parameter is used to limit the depth of the recursion; it " +"defaults to ``sys.getrecursionlimit()``." +msgstr "*maxlevels* 形参被用来限制递归深度；它默认为 ``sys.getrecursionlimit()``。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:163 +msgid "" +"If *ddir* is given, it is prepended to the path to each file being compiled " +"for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-" +"code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases " +"where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is " +"executed." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 " +"*ddir*，它会被附加到每个被编译的文件的路径之前以便在编译时回溯中使用，同时还会被编译到字节码文件中，届时它将在字节码文件被执行而源文件已不存在的情况下被用于回溯和其他消息中。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:169 +msgid "" +"If *force* is true, modules are re-compiled even if the timestamps are up to" +" date." +msgstr "如果 *force* 为真值，则即使时间戳为最新模块也会被重新编译。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:172 +msgid "" +"If *rx* is given, its ``search`` method is called on the complete path to " +"each file considered for compilation, and if it returns a true value, the " +"file is skipped. This can be used to exclude files matching a regular " +"expression, given as a :ref:`re.Pattern ` object." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *rx*，则它的 ``search`` 方法会在准备编译的每个文件的完整路径上被调用，并且如果它返回真值，则该文件会被跳过。 " +"这可被用来排除与一个正则表达式相匹配的文件，正则表达式将以 :ref:`re.Pattern ` 对象的形式给出。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:177 ../../library/compileall.rst:254 +msgid "" +"If *quiet* is ``False`` or ``0`` (the default), the filenames and other " +"information are printed to standard out. Set to ``1``, only errors are " +"printed. Set to ``2``, all output is suppressed." +msgstr "" +"如果 *quiet* 为 ``False`` 或 ``0`` (默认值)，则文件名和其他信息将被打印到标准输出。 如果设为 ``1``，则只打印错误。 " +"如果设为 ``2``，则屏蔽所有输出。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:181 ../../library/compileall.rst:258 +msgid "" +"If *legacy* is true, byte-code files are written to their legacy locations " +"and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of" +" Python. The default is to write files to their :pep:`3147` locations and " +"names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to " +"coexist." +msgstr "" +"如果 *legacy* 为真值，则将字节码文件写入到它们的传统位置和名称，这可能会覆盖由另一版本的 Python 所创建的字节码文件。 " +"默认是将文件写入到它们的 :pep:`3147` 位置和名称，这允许来自多个版本的 Python 字节码文件共存。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:187 ../../library/compileall.rst:264 +msgid "" +"*optimize* specifies the optimization level for the compiler. It is passed " +"to the built-in :func:`compile` function. Accepts also a sequence of " +"optimization levels which lead to multiple compilations of one :file:`.py` " +"file in one call." +msgstr "" +"*optimize* 指明编译器的优化级别。 它会被传给内置 :func:`compile` 函数。 还接受一个优化层别列表这将在单次调用中多次编译一个" +" :file:`.py` 文件。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:191 +msgid "" +"The argument *workers* specifies how many workers are used to compile files " +"in parallel. The default is to not use multiple workers. If the platform " +"can't use multiple workers and *workers* argument is given, then sequential " +"compilation will be used as a fallback. If *workers* is 0, the number of " +"cores in the system is used. If *workers* is lower than ``0``, a " +":exc:`ValueError` will be raised." +msgstr "" +"参数 *workers* 指明要使用多少个工作进程来并行编译文件。 默认设置不使用多个工作进程。 如果平台不能使用多个工作进程而又给出了 " +"*workers* 参数，则将回退为使用顺序编译。 如果 *workers* 为 0，则会使用系统的核心数量。 如果 *workers* 小于 " +"``0``，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:198 ../../library/compileall.rst:268 +msgid "" +"*invalidation_mode* should be a member of the " +":class:`py_compile.PycInvalidationMode` enum and controls how the generated " +"pycs are invalidated at runtime." +msgstr "" +"*invalidation_mode* 应为 :class:`py_compile.PycInvalidationMode` " +"枚举的成员之一并将控制所生成的 pyc 在运行时以何种方式验证是否失效。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:202 ../../library/compileall.rst:272 +msgid "" +"The *stripdir*, *prependdir* and *limit_sl_dest* arguments correspond to the" +" ``-s``, ``-p`` and ``-e`` options described above. They may be specified as" +" ``str`` or :py:class:`os.PathLike`." +msgstr "" +"*stripdir*, *prependdir* 和 *limit_sl_dest* 参数分别对应上述的 ``-s``, ``-p`` 和 ``-e``" +" 选项。 它们可以被指定为 ``str`` 或 :py:class:`os.PathLike`。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:206 ../../library/compileall.rst:276 +msgid "" +"If *hardlink_dupes* is true and two ``.pyc`` files with different " +"optimization level have the same content, use hard links to consolidate " +"duplicate files." +msgstr "" +"如果 *hardlink_dupes* 为真值且两个使用不同优化级别的 ``.pyc`` 文件具有相同的内容，则会使用硬链接来合并重复的文件。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:209 ../../library/compileall.rst:307 +msgid "Added the *legacy* and *optimize* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *legacy* 和 *optimize* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:212 +msgid "Added the *workers* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *workers* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:215 ../../library/compileall.rst:281 +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:310 +msgid "*quiet* parameter was changed to a multilevel value." +msgstr "*quiet* 形参已改为多级别值。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:218 ../../library/compileall.rst:284 +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:313 +msgid "" +"The *legacy* parameter only writes out ``.pyc`` files, not ``.pyo`` files no" +" matter what the value of *optimize* is." +msgstr "*legacy* 形参将只写入 ``.pyc`` 文件而非 ``.pyo`` 文件，无论 *optimize* 的值是什么。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:222 +msgid "Accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:225 ../../library/compileall.rst:288 +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:317 +msgid "The *invalidation_mode* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *invalidation_mode* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:228 ../../library/compileall.rst:291 +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:320 +msgid "" +"The *invalidation_mode* parameter's default value is updated to ``None``." +msgstr "*invalidation_mode* 形参的默认值已更新为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:231 +msgid "Setting *workers* to 0 now chooses the optimal number of cores." +msgstr "将 *workers* 设为 0 现在将会选择最优核心数量。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Added *stripdir*, *prependdir*, *limit_sl_dest* and *hardlink_dupes* " +"arguments. Default value of *maxlevels* was changed from ``10`` to " +"``sys.getrecursionlimit()``" +msgstr "" +"增加了 *stripdir*, *prependdir*, *limit_sl_dest* 和 *hardlink_dupes* 参数。 " +"*maxlevels* 的默认值从 ``10`` 改为 ``sys.getrecursionlimit()``" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Compile the file with path *fullname*. Return a true value if the file " +"compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise." +msgstr "编译路径为 *fullname* 的文件。 如果文件编译成功则返回真值，否则返回假值。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:243 +msgid "" +"If *ddir* is given, it is prepended to the path to the file being compiled " +"for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-" +"code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases " +"where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is " +"executed." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 " +"*ddir*，它会被附加到被编译的文件的路径之前以便在编译时回溯中使用，同时还会被编译到字节码文件中，届时它将在字节码文件被执行而源文件已不存在的情况下被用于回溯和其他消息中。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:249 +msgid "" +"If *rx* is given, its ``search`` method is passed the full path name to the " +"file being compiled, and if it returns a true value, the file is not " +"compiled and ``True`` is returned. This can be used to exclude files " +"matching a regular expression, given as a :ref:`re.Pattern ` " +"object." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *rx*，则会向它的 ``search`` 方法传入准备编译的文件的完整路径，并且如果它返回真值，则不编译该文件并返回 ``True``。 " +"这可被用来排除与一个正则表达式相匹配的文件，正则表达式将以 :ref:`re.Pattern ` 对象的形式给出。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:294 +msgid "" +"Added *stripdir*, *prependdir*, *limit_sl_dest* and *hardlink_dupes* " +"arguments." +msgstr "增加了 *stripdir*, *prependdir*, *limit_sl_dest* 和 *hardlink_dupes* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Byte-compile all the :file:`.py` files found along ``sys.path``. Return a " +"true value if all the files compiled successfully, and a false value " +"otherwise." +msgstr "将在 ``sys.path`` 中找到的所有 :file:`.py` 文件编译为字节码。 如果所有文件编译成功则返回真值，否则返回假值。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:302 +msgid "" +"If *skip_curdir* is true (the default), the current directory is not " +"included in the search. All other parameters are passed to the " +":func:`compile_dir` function. Note that unlike the other compile functions," +" ``maxlevels`` defaults to ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *skip_curdir* 为真值（默认），则当前目录不会被包括在搜索中。 所有其他形参将被传递给 :func:`compile_dir` 函数。" +" 请注意不同于其他编译函数，``maxlevels`` 默认为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:323 +msgid "" +"To force a recompile of all the :file:`.py` files in the :file:`Lib/` " +"subdirectory and all its subdirectories::" +msgstr "强制重新编译 :file:`Lib/` 子目录及其所有子目录下的全部 :file:`.py` 文件::" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:326 +msgid "" +"import compileall\n" +"\n" +"compileall.compile_dir('Lib/', force=True)\n" +"\n" +"# Perform same compilation, excluding files in .svn directories.\n" +"import re\n" +"compileall.compile_dir('Lib/', rx=re.compile(r'[/\\\\][.]svn'), force=True)\n" +"\n" +"# pathlib.Path objects can also be used.\n" +"import pathlib\n" +"compileall.compile_dir(pathlib.Path('Lib/'), force=True)" +msgstr "" +"import compileall\n" +"\n" +"compileall.compile_dir('Lib/', force=True)\n" +"\n" +"# 执行同样的编译，排除 .svn 目录中的文件。\n" +"import re\n" +"compileall.compile_dir('Lib/', rx=re.compile(r'[/\\\\][.]svn'), force=True)\n" +"\n" +"# 也可以使用 pathlib.Path 对象。\n" +"import pathlib\n" +"compileall.compile_dir(pathlib.Path('Lib/'), force=True)" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:340 +msgid "Module :mod:`py_compile`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`py_compile`" + +#: ../../library/compileall.rst:341 +msgid "Byte-compile a single source file." +msgstr "将单个源文件编译为字节码。" diff --git a/library/concurrency.po b/library/concurrency.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7dcc13f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/concurrency.po @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/concurrency.rst:5 +msgid "Concurrent Execution" +msgstr "并发执行" + +#: ../../library/concurrency.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter provide support for concurrent " +"execution of code. The appropriate choice of tool will depend on the task to" +" be executed (CPU bound vs IO bound) and preferred style of development " +"(event driven cooperative multitasking vs preemptive multitasking). Here's " +"an overview:" +msgstr "" +"本章中描述的模块支持并发执行代码。 " +"适当的工具选择取决于要执行的任务（CPU密集型或IO密集型）和偏好的开发风格（事件驱动的协作式多任务或抢占式多任务处理）。 这是一个概述：" + +#: ../../library/concurrency.rst:27 +msgid "The following are support modules for some of the above services:" +msgstr "以下是上述某些服务的支持模块：" diff --git a/library/concurrent.futures.po b/library/concurrent.futures.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c96b9a23 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/concurrent.futures.po @@ -0,0 +1,957 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# LeeWendao , 2022 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Xu Siyuan, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 08:36+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!concurrent.futures` --- Launching parallel tasks" +msgstr ":mod:`!concurrent.futures` --- 启动并行任务" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:9 +msgid "" +"**Source code:** :source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py` and " +":source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py`" +msgstr "" +"**源码:** :source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py` 和 " +":source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py`" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`concurrent.futures` module provides a high-level interface for " +"asynchronously executing callables." +msgstr ":mod:`concurrent.futures` 模块提供异步执行可调用对象高层接口。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The asynchronous execution can be performed with threads, using " +":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor`, or separate processes, using " +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor`. Both implement the same interface, which is " +"defined by the abstract :class:`Executor` class." +msgstr "" +"异步执行可以由 :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` 使用线程或由 :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"使用单独的进程来实现。 两者都是实现抽象类 :class:`Executor` 定义的接口。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:25 +msgid "Executor Objects" +msgstr "Executor 对象" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:29 +msgid "" +"An abstract class that provides methods to execute calls asynchronously. It" +" should not be used directly, but through its concrete subclasses." +msgstr "抽象类提供异步执行调用方法。要通过它的子类调用，而不是直接调用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Schedules the callable, *fn*, to be executed as ``fn(*args, **kwargs)`` and " +"returns a :class:`Future` object representing the execution of the callable." +" ::" +msgstr "" +"调度可调用对象 *fn*，以 ``fn(*args, **kwargs)`` 方式执行并返回一个代表该可调用对象的执行的 :class:`Future`" +" 对象。 ::" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:38 +msgid "" +"with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:\n" +" future = executor.submit(pow, 323, 1235)\n" +" print(future.result())" +msgstr "" +"with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:\n" +" future = executor.submit(pow, 323, 1235)\n" +" print(future.result())" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:44 +msgid "Similar to :func:`map(fn, *iterables) ` except:" +msgstr "类似于 :func:`map(fn, *iterables) ` 但有以下差异：" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:46 +msgid "the *iterables* are collected immediately rather than lazily;" +msgstr "*iterables* 是立即执行而不是延迟执行的；" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:48 +msgid "" +"*fn* is executed asynchronously and several calls to *fn* may be made " +"concurrently." +msgstr "*fn* 是异步执行的并且可以并发对 *fn* 的多个调用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The returned iterator raises a :exc:`TimeoutError` if " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` is called and the result isn't available after " +"*timeout* seconds from the original call to :meth:`Executor.map`. *timeout* " +"can be an int or a float. If *timeout* is not specified or ``None``, there " +"is no limit to the wait time." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 被调用且从对 :meth:`Executor.map` 原始调用 *timeout* " +"秒之后其结果还不可用则已返回的迭代器将引发 :exc:`TimeoutError`。 *timeout* 可以是整数或浮点数。 如果 *timeout*" +" 未指定或为 ``None``，则不限制等待时间。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:57 +msgid "" +"If a *fn* call raises an exception, then that exception will be raised when " +"its value is retrieved from the iterator." +msgstr "如果 *fn* 调用引发了异常，那么当从迭代器获取其值时该异常将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:60 +msgid "" +"When using :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor`, this method chops *iterables* into " +"a number of chunks which it submits to the pool as separate tasks. The " +"(approximate) size of these chunks can be specified by setting *chunksize* " +"to a positive integer. For very long iterables, using a large value for " +"*chunksize* can significantly improve performance compared to the default " +"size of 1. With :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor`, *chunksize* has no effect." +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` 时，这个方法会将 *iterables* " +"分割任务块并作为独立的任务并提交到执行池中。这些块的大概数量可以由 *chunksize* 指定正整数设置。 对很长的迭代器来说，使用大的 " +"*chunksize* 值比默认值 1 能显著地提高性能。 *chunksize* 对 :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` " +"没有效果。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:68 +msgid "Added the *chunksize* argument." +msgstr "加入 *chunksize* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Signal the executor that it should free any resources that it is using when " +"the currently pending futures are done executing. Calls to " +":meth:`Executor.submit` and :meth:`Executor.map` made after shutdown will " +"raise :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +"当待执行的 future 对象完成执行后向执行者发送信号，它就会释放正在使用的任何资源。 在关闭后调用 :meth:`Executor.submit` " +"和 :meth:`Executor.map` 将会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:78 +msgid "" +"If *wait* is ``True`` then this method will not return until all the pending" +" futures are done executing and the resources associated with the executor " +"have been freed. If *wait* is ``False`` then this method will return " +"immediately and the resources associated with the executor will be freed " +"when all pending futures are done executing. Regardless of the value of " +"*wait*, the entire Python program will not exit until all pending futures " +"are done executing." +msgstr "" +"如果 *wait* 为 ``True`` 则此方法只有在所有待执行的 future 对象完成执行且释放已分配的资源后才会返回。 如果 *wait* 为 " +"``False``，方法立即返回，所有待执行的 future 对象完成执行后会释放已分配的资源。 不管 *wait* 的值是什么，整个 Python " +"程序将等到所有待执行的 future 对象完成执行后才退出。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:86 +msgid "" +"If *cancel_futures* is ``True``, this method will cancel all pending futures" +" that the executor has not started running. Any futures that are completed " +"or running won't be cancelled, regardless of the value of *cancel_futures*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cancel_futures* 为 ``True``，此方法将取消所有执行器还未开始运行的挂起的 Future。无论 " +"*cancel_futures* 的值是什么，任何已完成或正在运行的 Future 都不会被取消。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:91 +msgid "" +"If both *cancel_futures* and *wait* are ``True``, all futures that the " +"executor has started running will be completed prior to this method " +"returning. The remaining futures are cancelled." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cancel_futures* 和 *wait* 均为 ``True``，则执行器已开始运行的所有 Future 将在此方法返回之前完成。 " +"其余的 Future 会被取消。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:95 +msgid "" +"You can avoid having to call this method explicitly if you use the " +":keyword:`with` statement, which will shutdown the :class:`Executor` " +"(waiting as if :meth:`Executor.shutdown` were called with *wait* set to " +"``True``)::" +msgstr "" +"如果使用 :keyword:`with` 语句，你就可以避免显式调用这个方法，它将会停止 :class:`Executor` (就好像 " +":meth:`Executor.shutdown` 调用时 *wait* 设为 ``True`` 一样等待)::" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:100 +msgid "" +"import shutil\n" +"with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as e:\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src1.txt', 'dest1.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src2.txt', 'dest2.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest3.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src4.txt', 'dest4.txt')" +msgstr "" +"import shutil\n" +"with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as e:\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src1.txt', 'dest1.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src2.txt', 'dest2.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest3.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src4.txt', 'dest4.txt')" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:107 +msgid "Added *cancel_futures*." +msgstr "增加了 *cancel_futures*。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:112 +msgid "ThreadPoolExecutor" +msgstr "ThreadPoolExecutor" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:114 +msgid "" +":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` is an :class:`Executor` subclass that uses a " +"pool of threads to execute calls asynchronously." +msgstr ":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` 是 :class:`Executor` 的子类，它使用线程池来异步执行调用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Deadlocks can occur when the callable associated with a :class:`Future` " +"waits on the results of another :class:`Future`. For example::" +msgstr "" +"当可调用对象已关联了一个 :class:`Future` 然后在等待另一个 :class:`Future` 的结果时就会导致死锁情况。例如::" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:120 +msgid "" +"import time\n" +"def wait_on_b():\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +" print(b.result()) # b will never complete because it is waiting on a.\n" +" return 5\n" +"\n" +"def wait_on_a():\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +" print(a.result()) # a will never complete because it is waiting on b.\n" +" return 6\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2)\n" +"a = executor.submit(wait_on_b)\n" +"b = executor.submit(wait_on_a)" +msgstr "" +"import time\n" +"def wait_on_b():\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +" print(b.result()) # b 永远不会结束因为它在等待 a。\n" +" return 5\n" +"\n" +"def wait_on_a():\n" +" time.sleep(5)\n" +" print(a.result()) # a 永远不会结束因为它在等待 b。\n" +" return 6\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2)\n" +"a = executor.submit(wait_on_b)\n" +"b = executor.submit(wait_on_a)" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:136 +msgid "And::" +msgstr "与::" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:138 +msgid "" +"def wait_on_future():\n" +" f = executor.submit(pow, 5, 2)\n" +" # This will never complete because there is only one worker thread and\n" +" # it is executing this function.\n" +" print(f.result())\n" +"\n" +"executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)\n" +"executor.submit(wait_on_future)" +msgstr "" +"def wait_on_future():\n" +" f = executor.submit(pow, 5, 2)\n" +" # 这将永远不会完成因为只有一个工作线程\n" +" # 并且它正在执行此函数。\n" +" print(f.result())\n" +"\n" +"executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)\n" +"executor.submit(wait_on_future)" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:150 +msgid "" +"An :class:`Executor` subclass that uses a pool of at most *max_workers* " +"threads to execute calls asynchronously." +msgstr ":class:`Executor` 子类使用最多 *max_workers* 个线程的线程池来异步执行调用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:153 +msgid "" +"All threads enqueued to ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` will be joined before the " +"interpreter can exit. Note that the exit handler which does this is executed" +" *before* any exit handlers added using ``atexit``. This means exceptions in" +" the main thread must be caught and handled in order to signal threads to " +"exit gracefully. For this reason, it is recommended that " +"``ThreadPoolExecutor`` not be used for long-running tasks." +msgstr "" +"所有排入 ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` 的队列的线程将在解释器退出之前被合并。 请注意执行此操作的 exit 处理器会在任何使用 " +"``atexit`` 添加的 exit处理器 *之前* 被执行。 这意味着主线程中的异常必须被捕获和处理以便向线程发出信号使其能够优雅地退出。 " +"由于这个原理，建议不要将 ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` 用于长期运行的任务。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:160 +msgid "" +"*initializer* is an optional callable that is called at the start of each " +"worker thread; *initargs* is a tuple of arguments passed to the initializer." +" Should *initializer* raise an exception, all currently pending jobs will " +"raise a :exc:`~concurrent.futures.thread.BrokenThreadPool`, as well as any " +"attempt to submit more jobs to the pool." +msgstr "" +"*initializer* 是在每个工作者线程开始处调用的一个可选可调用对象。 *initargs* " +"是传递给初始化器的元组参数。任何向池提交更多工作的尝试， *initializer* 都将引发一个异常，当前所有等待的工作都会引发一个 " +":exc:`~concurrent.futures.thread.BrokenThreadPool`。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:166 +msgid "" +"If *max_workers* is ``None`` or not given, it will default to the number of " +"processors on the machine, multiplied by ``5``, assuming that " +":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` is often used to overlap I/O instead of CPU work" +" and the number of workers should be higher than the number of workers for " +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *max_workers* 为 ``None`` 或没有指定，将默认为机器处理器的个数，假如 " +":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor` 侧重于I/O操作而不是CPU运算，那么可以乘以 ``5`` ，同时工作线程的数量可以比 " +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` 的数量高。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Added the *thread_name_prefix* parameter to allow users to control the " +":class:`threading.Thread` names for worker threads created by the pool for " +"easier debugging." +msgstr "" +"增加了 *thread_name_prefix* 形参来允许用户控制由线程池创建的 :class:`threading.Thread` " +"工作线程名称以方便调试。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:179 +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:287 +msgid "Added the *initializer* and *initargs* arguments." +msgstr "加入 *initializer* 和*initargs* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Default value of *max_workers* is changed to ``min(32, os.cpu_count() + " +"4)``. This default value preserves at least 5 workers for I/O bound tasks. " +"It utilizes at most 32 CPU cores for CPU bound tasks which release the GIL. " +"And it avoids using very large resources implicitly on many-core machines." +msgstr "" +"*max_workers* 的默认值已改为 ``min(32, os.cpu_count() + 4)``。 这个默认值会保留至少 5 个工作线程用于 " +"I/O 密集型任务。 对于那些释放了 GIL 的 CPU 密集型任务，它最多会使用 32 个 CPU " +"核心。这样能够避免在多核机器上不知不觉地使用大量资源。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:188 +msgid "" +"ThreadPoolExecutor now reuses idle worker threads before starting " +"*max_workers* worker threads too." +msgstr "现在 ThreadPoolExecutor 在启动 *max_workers* 个工作线程之前也会重用空闲的工作线程。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Default value of *max_workers* is changed to ``min(32, " +"(os.process_cpu_count() or 1) + 4)``." +msgstr "*max_workers* 的默认值已改为 ``min(32, (os.process_cpu_count() or 1) + 4)``。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:199 +msgid "ThreadPoolExecutor Example" +msgstr "ThreadPoolExecutor 例子" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:202 +msgid "" +"import concurrent.futures\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"URLS = ['http://www.foxnews.com/',\n" +" 'http://www.cnn.com/',\n" +" 'http://europe.wsj.com/',\n" +" 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/',\n" +" 'http://nonexistent-subdomain.python.org/']\n" +"\n" +"# Retrieve a single page and report the URL and contents\n" +"def load_url(url, timeout):\n" +" with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=timeout) as conn:\n" +" return conn.read()\n" +"\n" +"# We can use a with statement to ensure threads are cleaned up promptly\n" +"with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:\n" +" # Start the load operations and mark each future with its URL\n" +" future_to_url = {executor.submit(load_url, url, 60): url for url in URLS}\n" +" for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_url):\n" +" url = future_to_url[future]\n" +" try:\n" +" data = future.result()\n" +" except Exception as exc:\n" +" print('%r generated an exception: %s' % (url, exc))\n" +" else:\n" +" print('%r page is %d bytes' % (url, len(data)))" +msgstr "" +"import concurrent.futures\n" +"import urllib.request\n" +"\n" +"URLS = ['http://www.foxnews.com/',\n" +" 'http://www.cnn.com/',\n" +" 'http://europe.wsj.com/',\n" +" 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/',\n" +" 'http://nonexistent-subdomain.python.org/']\n" +"\n" +"# 获取一个页面并报告其 URL 和内容\n" +"def load_url(url, timeout):\n" +" with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=timeout) as conn:\n" +" return conn.read()\n" +"\n" +"# 我们可以使用一个 with 语句来确保线程被迅速清理\n" +"with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:\n" +" # 开始加载操作并以每个 Future 对象的 URL 对其进行标记\n" +" future_to_url = {executor.submit(load_url, url, 60): url for url in URLS}\n" +" for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_url):\n" +" url = future_to_url[future]\n" +" try:\n" +" data = future.result()\n" +" except Exception as exc:\n" +" print('%r generated an exception: %s' % (url, exc))\n" +" else:\n" +" print('%r page is %d bytes' % (url, len(data)))" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:231 +msgid "ProcessPoolExecutor" +msgstr "ProcessPoolExecutor" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:233 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` class is an :class:`Executor` subclass that" +" uses a pool of processes to execute calls asynchronously. " +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` uses the :mod:`multiprocessing` module, which " +"allows it to side-step the :term:`Global Interpreter Lock ` but also means that only picklable objects can be " +"executed and returned." +msgstr "" +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` 类是 :class:`Executor` 的子类，它使用进程池来异步地执行调用。 " +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` 会使用 :mod:`multiprocessing` 模块，这允许它绕过 " +":term:`全局解释器锁 ` 但也意味着只可以处理和返回可封存的对象。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:240 +msgid "" +"The ``__main__`` module must be importable by worker subprocesses. This " +"means that :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` will not work in the interactive " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" +"``__main__`` 模块必须可以被工作者子进程导入。这意味着 :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"不可以工作在交互式解释器中。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Calling :class:`Executor` or :class:`Future` methods from a callable " +"submitted to a :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` will result in deadlock." +msgstr "" +"从可调用对象中调用 :class:`Executor` 或 :class:`Future` 的方法提交给 " +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` 会导致死锁。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:248 +msgid "" +"An :class:`Executor` subclass that executes calls asynchronously using a " +"pool of at most *max_workers* processes. If *max_workers* is ``None`` or " +"not given, it will default to :func:`os.process_cpu_count`. If *max_workers*" +" is less than or equal to ``0``, then a :exc:`ValueError` will be raised. On" +" Windows, *max_workers* must be less than or equal to ``61``. If it is not " +"then :exc:`ValueError` will be raised. If *max_workers* is ``None``, then " +"the default chosen will be at most ``61``, even if more processors are " +"available. *mp_context* can be a :mod:`multiprocessing` context or ``None``." +" It will be used to launch the workers. If *mp_context* is ``None`` or not " +"given, the default :mod:`multiprocessing` context is used. See " +":ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`." +msgstr "" +"异步地执行调用的 :class:`Executor` 子类使用最多 *max_workers* 个进程的进程池。 如果 *max_workers* 为 " +"``None`` 或未给出，它将默认为 :func:`os.process_cpu_count`。 如果 *max_workers* 小于等于 " +"``0``，则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 在 Windows 上，*max_workers* 必须小于等于 ``61``。 " +"如果不是这样则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 如果 *max_workers* 为 ``None``，则选择的默认值最多为 " +"``61``，即使存在更多的处理器。 *mp_context* 可以是一个 :mod:`multiprocessing` 上下文或是 ``None``。" +" 它将被用来启动工作进程。 如果 *mp_context* 为 ``None`` 或未给出，则将使用默认的 :mod:`multiprocessing`" +" 上下文。 参见 :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:262 +msgid "" +"*initializer* is an optional callable that is called at the start of each " +"worker process; *initargs* is a tuple of arguments passed to the " +"initializer. Should *initializer* raise an exception, all currently pending" +" jobs will raise a :exc:`~concurrent.futures.process.BrokenProcessPool`, as " +"well as any attempt to submit more jobs to the pool." +msgstr "" +"*initializer* 是一个可选的可调用对象，它会在每个工作进程启动时被调用；*initargs* 是传给 initializer 的参数元组。 " +"如果 *initializer* 引发了异常，则所有当前在等待的任务以及任何向进程池提交更多任务的尝试都将引发 " +":exc:`~concurrent.futures.process.BrokenProcessPool`。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:268 +msgid "" +"*max_tasks_per_child* is an optional argument that specifies the maximum " +"number of tasks a single process can execute before it will exit and be " +"replaced with a fresh worker process. By default *max_tasks_per_child* is " +"``None`` which means worker processes will live as long as the pool. When a " +"max is specified, the \"spawn\" multiprocessing start method will be used by" +" default in absence of a *mp_context* parameter. This feature is " +"incompatible with the \"fork\" start method." +msgstr "" +"*max_tasks_per_child* 是指定单个进程在其退出并替换为新工作进程之前可以执行的最大任务数量的可选参数。 在默认情况下 " +"*max_tasks_per_child* 为 ``None`` 表示工作进程将存活与进程池一样长的时间。 当指定了最大数量时，则如果不存在 " +"*mp_context* 形参则将默认使用 \"spawn\" 多进程启动方法。 此特性不能兼容 \"fork\" 启动方法。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:276 +msgid "" +"When one of the worker processes terminates abruptly, a " +":exc:`~concurrent.futures.process.BrokenProcessPool` error is now raised. " +"Previously, behaviour was undefined but operations on the executor or its " +"futures would often freeze or deadlock." +msgstr "" +"当某个工作进程突然终止时，现在将引发 :exc:`~concurrent.futures.process.BrokenProcessPool`。 " +"在之前版本中，它的行为是未定义的但在执行器上的操作或它的 future 对象往往会被冻结或死锁。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:283 +msgid "" +"The *mp_context* argument was added to allow users to control the " +"start_method for worker processes created by the pool." +msgstr "添加 *mp_context* 参数允许用户控制由进程池创建给工作者进程的开始方法 。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:290 +msgid "" +"The default :mod:`multiprocessing` start method (see :ref:`multiprocessing-" +"start-methods`) will change away from *fork* in Python 3.14. Code that " +"requires *fork* be used for their :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` should " +"explicitly specify that by passing a " +"``mp_context=multiprocessing.get_context(\"fork\")`` parameter." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.14 中默认的 :mod:`multiprocessing` 启动方法 (参见 :ref:`multiprocessing-" +"start-methods`) 将改为不再使用 *fork*。 需要为其 :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` 使用 *fork* " +"的代码应当通过传入 ``mp_context=multiprocessing.get_context(\"fork\")`` 形参来显式地指明这一点。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:297 +msgid "" +"The *max_tasks_per_child* argument was added to allow users to control the " +"lifetime of workers in the pool." +msgstr "增加了 *max_tasks_per_child* 参数以允许用户控制进程池中工作进程的生命期。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:301 +msgid "" +"On POSIX systems, if your application has multiple threads and the " +":mod:`multiprocessing` context uses the ``\"fork\"`` start method: The " +":func:`os.fork` function called internally to spawn workers may raise a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Pass a *mp_context* configured to use a different" +" start method. See the :func:`os.fork` documentation for further " +"explanation." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 系统上，如果你的应用程序有多个线程而 :mod:`multiprocessing` 上下文使用了 ``\"fork\"`` " +"启动方法：内部调用的 :func:`os.fork` 函数来生成工作进程可能会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 " +"请传递配置为使用不同启动方法的 *mp_context*。 进一步的解释请参阅 :func:`os.fork` 文档。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:309 +msgid "" +"*max_workers* uses :func:`os.process_cpu_count` by default, instead of " +":func:`os.cpu_count`." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下 *max_workers* 将使用 :func:`os.process_cpu_count`，而不是 " +":func:`os.cpu_count`。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:316 +msgid "ProcessPoolExecutor Example" +msgstr "ProcessPoolExecutor 例子" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:319 +msgid "" +"import concurrent.futures\n" +"import math\n" +"\n" +"PRIMES = [\n" +" 112272535095293,\n" +" 112582705942171,\n" +" 112272535095293,\n" +" 115280095190773,\n" +" 115797848077099,\n" +" 1099726899285419]\n" +"\n" +"def is_prime(n):\n" +" if n < 2:\n" +" return False\n" +" if n == 2:\n" +" return True\n" +" if n % 2 == 0:\n" +" return False\n" +"\n" +" sqrt_n = int(math.floor(math.sqrt(n)))\n" +" for i in range(3, sqrt_n + 1, 2):\n" +" if n % i == 0:\n" +" return False\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:\n" +" for number, prime in zip(PRIMES, executor.map(is_prime, PRIMES)):\n" +" print('%d is prime: %s' % (number, prime))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import concurrent.futures\n" +"import math\n" +"\n" +"PRIMES = [\n" +" 112272535095293,\n" +" 112582705942171,\n" +" 112272535095293,\n" +" 115280095190773,\n" +" 115797848077099,\n" +" 1099726899285419]\n" +"\n" +"def is_prime(n):\n" +" if n < 2:\n" +" return False\n" +" if n == 2:\n" +" return True\n" +" if n % 2 == 0:\n" +" return False\n" +"\n" +" sqrt_n = int(math.floor(math.sqrt(n)))\n" +" for i in range(3, sqrt_n + 1, 2):\n" +" if n % i == 0:\n" +" return False\n" +" return True\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:\n" +" for number, prime in zip(PRIMES, executor.map(is_prime, PRIMES)):\n" +" print('%d is prime: %s' % (number, prime))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:354 +msgid "Future Objects" +msgstr "Future 对象" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:356 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Future` class encapsulates the asynchronous execution of a " +"callable. :class:`Future` instances are created by :meth:`Executor.submit`." +msgstr "" +":class:`Future` 类将可调用对象封装为异步执行。:class:`Future` 实例由 :meth:`Executor.submit` " +"创建。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:361 +msgid "" +"Encapsulates the asynchronous execution of a callable. :class:`Future` " +"instances are created by :meth:`Executor.submit` and should not be created " +"directly except for testing." +msgstr "" +"将可调用对象封装为异步执行。:class:`Future` 实例由 :meth:`Executor.submit` 创建，除非测试，不应直接创建。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:367 +msgid "" +"Attempt to cancel the call. If the call is currently being executed or " +"finished running and cannot be cancelled then the method will return " +"``False``, otherwise the call will be cancelled and the method will return " +"``True``." +msgstr "" +"尝试取消调用。 如果调用正在执行或已结束运行不能被取消则该方法将返回 ``False``，否则调用会被取消并且该方法将返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:374 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the call was successfully cancelled." +msgstr "如果调用成功取消返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the call is currently being executed and cannot be " +"cancelled." +msgstr "如果调用正在执行而且不能被取消那么返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the call was successfully cancelled or finished running." +msgstr "如果调用已被取消或正常结束那么返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:388 +msgid "" +"Return the value returned by the call. If the call hasn't yet completed then" +" this method will wait up to *timeout* seconds. If the call hasn't " +"completed in *timeout* seconds, then a :exc:`TimeoutError` will be raised. " +"*timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not specified or " +"``None``, there is no limit to the wait time." +msgstr "" +"返回调用所返回的值。 如果调用尚未完成则此方法将等待至多 *timeout* 秒。 如果调用在 *timeout* 秒内仍未完成，则将引发 " +":exc:`TimeoutError`。 *timeout* 可以为整数或浮点数。 如果 *timeout* 未指定或为 " +"``None``，则不限制等待时间。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:395 +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:409 +msgid "" +"If the future is cancelled before completing then :exc:`.CancelledError` " +"will be raised." +msgstr "如果 future 在完成前被取消则 :exc:`.CancelledError` 将被触发。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:398 +msgid "" +"If the call raised an exception, this method will raise the same exception." +msgstr "如果调用引发了一个异常，这个方法也会引发同样的异常。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Return the exception raised by the call. If the call hasn't yet completed " +"then this method will wait up to *timeout* seconds. If the call hasn't " +"completed in *timeout* seconds, then a :exc:`TimeoutError` will be raised. " +"*timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not specified or " +"``None``, there is no limit to the wait time." +msgstr "" +"返回调用所引发的异常。 如果调用尚未完成则此方法将等待至多 *timeout* 秒。 如果调用在 *timeout* 秒内仍未完成，则将引发 " +":exc:`TimeoutError`。 *timeout* 可以为整数或浮点数。 如果 *timeout* 未指定或为 " +"``None``，则不限制等待时间。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:412 +msgid "If the call completed without raising, ``None`` is returned." +msgstr "如果调用正常完成那么返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Attaches the callable *fn* to the future. *fn* will be called, with the " +"future as its only argument, when the future is cancelled or finishes " +"running." +msgstr "" +"附加可调用 *fn* 到 future 对象。当 future 对象被取消或完成运行时，将会调用 *fn*，而这个 future " +"对象将作为它唯一的参数。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Added callables are called in the order that they were added and are always " +"called in a thread belonging to the process that added them. If the " +"callable raises an :exc:`Exception` subclass, it will be logged and ignored." +" If the callable raises a :exc:`BaseException` subclass, the behavior is " +"undefined." +msgstr "" +"加入的可调用对象总被属于添加它们的进程中的线程按加入的顺序调用。如果可调用对象引发一个 :exc:`Exception` " +"子类，它会被记录下来并被忽略掉。如果可调用对象引发一个 :exc:`BaseException` 子类，这个行为没有定义。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:426 +msgid "" +"If the future has already completed or been cancelled, *fn* will be called " +"immediately." +msgstr "如果 future 对象已经完成或已取消，*fn* 会被立即调用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:429 +msgid "" +"The following :class:`Future` methods are meant for use in unit tests and " +":class:`Executor` implementations." +msgstr "下面这些 :class:`Future` 方法用于单元测试和 :class:`Executor` 实现。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:434 +msgid "" +"This method should only be called by :class:`Executor` implementations " +"before executing the work associated with the :class:`Future` and by unit " +"tests." +msgstr "这个方法只可以在执行关联 :class:`Future` 工作之前由 :class:`Executor` 实现调用或由单测试调用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:438 +msgid "" +"If the method returns ``False`` then the :class:`Future` was cancelled, i.e." +" :meth:`Future.cancel` was called and returned ``True``. Any threads " +"waiting on the :class:`Future` completing (i.e. through :func:`as_completed`" +" or :func:`wait`) will be woken up." +msgstr "" +"如果此方法返回 ``False`` 则 :class:`Future` 已被取消，即 :meth:`Future.cancel` 已被调用并返回 " +"``True``。 任何等待 :class:`Future` 完成 (即通过 :func:`as_completed` 或 :func:`wait`) " +"的线程将被唤醒。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:443 +msgid "" +"If the method returns ``True`` then the :class:`Future` was not cancelled " +"and has been put in the running state, i.e. calls to :meth:`Future.running` " +"will return ``True``." +msgstr "" +"如果此方法返回 ``True`` 则 :class:`Future` 没有被取消并已被置为正在运行的状态，即对 " +":meth:`Future.running` 的调用将返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:447 +msgid "" +"This method can only be called once and cannot be called after " +":meth:`Future.set_result` or :meth:`Future.set_exception` have been called." +msgstr "" +"这个方法只可以被调用一次并且不能在调用 :meth:`Future.set_result` 或 :meth:`Future.set_exception`" +" 之后再调用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Sets the result of the work associated with the :class:`Future` to *result*." +msgstr "设置将 :class:`Future` 关联工作的结果给 *result* 。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:456 +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:469 +msgid "" +"This method should only be used by :class:`Executor` implementations and " +"unit tests." +msgstr "这个方法只可以由 :class:`Executor` 实现和单元测试使用。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:459 +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:472 +msgid "" +"This method raises :exc:`concurrent.futures.InvalidStateError` if the " +":class:`Future` is already done." +msgstr "" +"如果 :class:`Future` 已经完成则此方法会引发 :exc:`concurrent.futures.InvalidStateError`。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Sets the result of the work associated with the :class:`Future` to the " +":class:`Exception` *exception*." +msgstr "设置 :class:`Future` 关联工作的结果给 :class:`Exception` *exception* 。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:478 +msgid "Module Functions" +msgstr "模块函数" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Wait for the :class:`Future` instances (possibly created by different " +":class:`Executor` instances) given by *fs* to complete. Duplicate futures " +"given to *fs* are removed and will be returned only once. Returns a named " +"2-tuple of sets. The first set, named ``done``, contains the futures that " +"completed (finished or cancelled futures) before the wait completed. The " +"second set, named ``not_done``, contains the futures that did not complete " +"(pending or running futures)." +msgstr "" +"等待由 *fs* 指定的 :class:`Future` 实例（可能由不同的 :class:`Executor` 实例创建）完成。 重复传给 *fs* " +"的 future 会被移除并将只返回一次。 返回一个由集合组成的具名 2 元组。 第一个集合的名称为 ``done``，包含在等待完成之前已完成的 " +"future（包括正常结束或被取消的 future）。 第二个集合的名称为 ``not_done``，包含未完成的 future（包括挂起的或正在运行的" +" future）。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:490 +msgid "" +"*timeout* can be used to control the maximum number of seconds to wait " +"before returning. *timeout* can be an int or float. If *timeout* is not " +"specified or ``None``, there is no limit to the wait time." +msgstr "" +"*timeout* 可以用来控制返回前最大的等待秒数。 *timeout* 可以为 int 或 float 类型。 如果 *timeout* 未指定或为" +" ``None`` ，则不限制等待时间。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:494 +msgid "" +"*return_when* indicates when this function should return. It must be one of" +" the following constants:" +msgstr "*return_when* 指定此函数应在何时返回。它必须为以下常数之一:" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:500 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:501 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:504 +msgid "The function will return when any future finishes or is cancelled." +msgstr "函数将在任意可等待对象结束或取消时返回。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:507 +msgid "" +"The function will return when any future finishes by raising an exception. " +"If no future raises an exception then it is equivalent to " +":const:`ALL_COMPLETED`." +msgstr "" +"该函数将在任何 future 对象通过引发异常而结束时返回。 如果没有任何 future 对象引发引发那么它将等价于 " +":const:`ALL_COMPLETED`。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:512 +msgid "The function will return when all futures finish or are cancelled." +msgstr "函数将在所有可等待对象结束或取消时返回。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Returns an iterator over the :class:`Future` instances (possibly created by " +"different :class:`Executor` instances) given by *fs* that yields futures as " +"they complete (finished or cancelled futures). Any futures given by *fs* " +"that are duplicated will be returned once. Any futures that completed before" +" :func:`as_completed` is called will be yielded first. The returned " +"iterator raises a :exc:`TimeoutError` if :meth:`~iterator.__next__` is " +"called and the result isn't available after *timeout* seconds from the " +"original call to :func:`as_completed`. *timeout* can be an int or float. If" +" *timeout* is not specified or ``None``, there is no limit to the wait time." +msgstr "" +"返回一个迭代器，每当 *fs* 所给出的 :class:`Future` 实例（可能由不同的 :class:`Executor` " +"实例创建）完成时这个迭代器会产生新的 future（包括正常结束或被取消的 future 对象）。 任何由 *fs* 给出的重复的 future " +"对象将只被返回一次。 任何在 :func:`as_completed` 被调用之前完成的 future 对象将优先被产生。 如果 " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` 被调用并且在最初调用 :func:`as_completed` 之后的 *timeout* " +"秒内其结果仍不可用，这个迭代器将引发 :exc:`TimeoutError`。 *timeout* 可以为整数或浮点数。 如果 *timeout* " +"未指定或为 ``None``，则不限制等待时间。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:529 +msgid ":pep:`3148` -- futures - execute computations asynchronously" +msgstr ":pep:`3148` -- future 对象 - 异步执行指令。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:530 +msgid "" +"The proposal which described this feature for inclusion in the Python " +"standard library." +msgstr "该提案描述了Python标准库中包含的这个特性。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:535 +msgid "Exception classes" +msgstr "Exception 类" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:541 +msgid "Raised when a future is cancelled." +msgstr "future 对象被取消时会触发。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:545 +msgid "" +"A deprecated alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`, raised when a future operation " +"exceeds the given timeout." +msgstr ":exc:`TimeoutError` 的一个已被弃用的别名，会在 future 操作超出了给定的时限时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:550 +msgid "This class was made an alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`." +msgstr "这个类是 :exc:`TimeoutError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:555 +msgid "" +"Derived from :exc:`RuntimeError`, this exception class is raised when an " +"executor is broken for some reason, and cannot be used to submit or execute " +"new tasks." +msgstr "当执行器被某些原因中断而且不能用来提交或执行新任务时就会被引发派生于 :exc:`RuntimeError` 的异常类。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Raised when an operation is performed on a future that is not allowed in the" +" current state." +msgstr "当某个操作在一个当前状态所不允许的 future 上执行时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:572 +msgid "" +"Derived from :exc:`~concurrent.futures.BrokenExecutor`, this exception class" +" is raised when one of the workers of a " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` has failed initializing." +msgstr "" +"派生自 :exc:`~concurrent.futures.BrokenExecutor`，这个异常类会在 " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 的某个工作线程初始化失败时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.futures.rst:583 +msgid "" +"Derived from :exc:`~concurrent.futures.BrokenExecutor` (formerly " +":exc:`RuntimeError`), this exception class is raised when one of the workers" +" of a :class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` has terminated in a " +"non-clean fashion (for example, if it was killed from the outside)." +msgstr "" +"派生自 :exc:`~concurrent.futures.BrokenExecutor` (原为 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`)，这个异常类会在 " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"的某个工作进程以不完整的方式终结（例如，从外部杀掉）时被引发。" diff --git a/library/concurrent.po b/library/concurrent.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92a9e5ade --- /dev/null +++ b/library/concurrent.po @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.rst:2 +msgid "The :mod:`!concurrent` package" +msgstr ":mod:`!concurrent` 包" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.rst:4 +msgid "Currently, there is only one module in this package:" +msgstr "目前，此包中只有一个模块：" + +#: ../../library/concurrent.rst:6 +msgid ":mod:`concurrent.futures` -- Launching parallel tasks" +msgstr ":mod:`concurrent.futures` —— 启动并行任务" diff --git a/library/configparser.po b/library/configparser.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..90db73e44 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/configparser.po @@ -0,0 +1,2353 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!configparser` --- Configuration file parser" +msgstr ":mod:`!configparser` --- 配置文件解析器" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:14 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/configparser.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/configparser.py`" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This module provides the :class:`ConfigParser` class which implements a " +"basic configuration language which provides a structure similar to what's " +"found in Microsoft Windows INI files. You can use this to write Python " +"programs which can be customized by end users easily." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了它实现一种基本配置语言 :class:`ConfigParser` 类，这种语言所提供的结构与 Microsoft Windows INI " +"文件的类似。 你可以使用这种语言来编写能够由最终用户来自定义的 Python 程序。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:31 +msgid "" +"This library does *not* interpret or write the value-type prefixes used in " +"the Windows Registry extended version of INI syntax." +msgstr "这个库 *并不* 能够解析或写入在 Windows Registry 扩展版本 INI 语法中所使用的值-类型前缀。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:36 +msgid "Module :mod:`tomllib`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`tomllib`" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:37 +msgid "" +"TOML is a well-specified format for application configuration files. It is " +"specifically designed to be an improved version of INI." +msgstr "TOML 是一种具有良好规范的针对应用程序配置文件的格式。 它被专门设计作为 INI 改进版本。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:40 +msgid "Module :mod:`shlex`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`shlex`" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Support for creating Unix shell-like mini-languages which can also be used " +"for application configuration files." +msgstr "支持创建类似 Unix shell 的同样可被用于应用程序配置文件的迷你语言。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:44 +msgid "Module :mod:`json`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`json`" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The ``json`` module implements a subset of JavaScript syntax which is " +"sometimes used for configuration, but does not support comments." +msgstr "``json`` 模块实现了 JavaScript 语法的一个子集，它有时被用于配置，但是不支持注释。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:61 +msgid "Quick Start" +msgstr "快速起步" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:63 +msgid "Let's take a very basic configuration file that looks like this:" +msgstr "让我们准备一个非常基本的配置文件，它看起来是这样的:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:65 +msgid "" +"[DEFAULT]\n" +"ServerAliveInterval = 45\n" +"Compression = yes\n" +"CompressionLevel = 9\n" +"ForwardX11 = yes\n" +"\n" +"[forge.example]\n" +"User = hg\n" +"\n" +"[topsecret.server.example]\n" +"Port = 50022\n" +"ForwardX11 = no" +msgstr "" +"[DEFAULT]\n" +"ServerAliveInterval = 45\n" +"Compression = yes\n" +"CompressionLevel = 9\n" +"ForwardX11 = yes\n" +"\n" +"[forge.example]\n" +"User = hg\n" +"\n" +"[topsecret.server.example]\n" +"Port = 50022\n" +"ForwardX11 = no" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:80 +msgid "" +"The structure of INI files is described `in the following section " +"<#supported-ini-file-structure>`_. Essentially, the file consists of " +"sections, each of which contains keys with values. :mod:`configparser` " +"classes can read and write such files. Let's start by creating the above " +"configuration file programmatically." +msgstr "" +"INI 文件的结构描述见 `以下章节 <#supported-ini-file-structure>`_。 " +"总的来说，这种文件由多个节组成，每个节包含多个带有值的键。 :mod:`configparser` 类可以读取和写入这种文件。 " +"让我们先通过程序方式来创建上述的配置文件。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:86 +msgid "" +">>> import configparser\n" +">>> config = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> config['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',\n" +"... 'Compression': 'yes',\n" +"... 'CompressionLevel': '9'}\n" +">>> config['forge.example'] = {}\n" +">>> config['forge.example']['User'] = 'hg'\n" +">>> config['topsecret.server.example'] = {}\n" +">>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.example']\n" +">>> topsecret['Port'] = '50022' # mutates the parser\n" +">>> topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here\n" +">>> config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'\n" +">>> with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:\n" +"... config.write(configfile)\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> import configparser\n" +">>> config = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> config['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',\n" +"... 'Compression': 'yes',\n" +"... 'CompressionLevel': '9'}\n" +">>> config['forge.example'] = {}\n" +">>> config['forge.example']['User'] = 'hg'\n" +">>> config['topsecret.server.example'] = {}\n" +">>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.example']\n" +">>> topsecret['Port'] = '50022' # 更改解析器\n" +">>> topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here\n" +">>> config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'\n" +">>> with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:\n" +"... config.write(configfile)\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:104 +msgid "" +"As you can see, we can treat a config parser much like a dictionary. There " +"are differences, `outlined later <#mapping-protocol-access>`_, but the " +"behavior is very close to what you would expect from a dictionary." +msgstr "" +"如你所见，我们可以把配置解析器当作一个字典来处理。 两者确实存在差异，`将在后文说明 <#mapping-protocol-" +"access>`_，但是其行为非常接近于字典所具有一般行为。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Now that we have created and saved a configuration file, let's read it back " +"and explore the data it holds." +msgstr "现在我们已经创建并保存了一个配置文件，让我们再将它读取出来并探究其中包含的数据。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:111 +msgid "" +">>> config = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> config.sections()\n" +"[]\n" +">>> config.read('example.ini')\n" +"['example.ini']\n" +">>> config.sections()\n" +"['forge.example', 'topsecret.server.example']\n" +">>> 'forge.example' in config\n" +"True\n" +">>> 'python.org' in config\n" +"False\n" +">>> config['forge.example']['User']\n" +"'hg'\n" +">>> config['DEFAULT']['Compression']\n" +"'yes'\n" +">>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.example']\n" +">>> topsecret['ForwardX11']\n" +"'no'\n" +">>> topsecret['Port']\n" +"'50022'\n" +">>> for key in config['forge.example']:\n" +"... print(key)\n" +"user\n" +"compressionlevel\n" +"serveraliveinterval\n" +"compression\n" +"forwardx11\n" +">>> config['forge.example']['ForwardX11']\n" +"'yes'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:143 +msgid "" +"As we can see above, the API is pretty straightforward. The only bit of " +"magic involves the ``DEFAULT`` section which provides default values for all" +" other sections [1]_. Note also that keys in sections are case-insensitive " +"and stored in lowercase [1]_." +msgstr "" +"正如我们在上面所看到的，相关的 API 相当直观。 唯一有些神奇的地方是 ``DEFAULT`` 小节，它为所有其他小节提供了默认值 [1]_。 " +"还要注意小节中的键大小写不敏感并且会存储为小写形式 [1]_。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:148 ../../library/configparser.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"It is possible to read several configurations into a single " +":class:`ConfigParser`, where the most recently added configuration has the " +"highest priority. Any conflicting keys are taken from the more recent " +"configuration while the previously existing keys are retained. The example " +"below reads in an ``override.ini`` file, which will override any conflicting" +" keys from the ``example.ini`` file." +msgstr "" +"将多个配置读入单个 :class:`ConfigParser` 是可能的，其中最近添加的配置具有最高优先级。 " +"任何冲突的键都会从更近的配置获取并且先前存在的键会被保留。 下面的例子读入一个 ``override.ini`` 文件，它将覆盖任何来自 " +"``example.ini`` 文件的冲突的键。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:155 ../../library/configparser.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"[DEFAULT]\n" +"ServerAliveInterval = -1" +msgstr "" +"[DEFAULT]\n" +"ServerAliveInterval = -1" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:160 ../../library/configparser.rst:1015 +msgid "" +">>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> config_override['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '-1'}\n" +">>> with open('override.ini', 'w') as configfile:\n" +"... config_override.write(configfile)\n" +"...\n" +">>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> config_override.read(['example.ini', 'override.ini'])\n" +"['example.ini', 'override.ini']\n" +">>> print(config_override.get('DEFAULT', 'ServerAliveInterval'))\n" +"-1" +msgstr "" +">>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> config_override['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '-1'}\n" +">>> with open('override.ini', 'w') as configfile:\n" +"... config_override.write(configfile)\n" +"...\n" +">>> config_override = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> config_override.read(['example.ini', 'override.ini'])\n" +"['example.ini', 'override.ini']\n" +">>> print(config_override.get('DEFAULT', 'ServerAliveInterval'))\n" +"-1" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:174 +msgid "" +"This behaviour is equivalent to a :meth:`ConfigParser.read` call with " +"several files passed to the *filenames* parameter." +msgstr "此行为等价于一次 :meth:`ConfigParser.read` 调用并向 *filenames* 形参传入多个文件。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:179 +msgid "Supported Datatypes" +msgstr "支持的数据类型" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Config parsers do not guess datatypes of values in configuration files, " +"always storing them internally as strings. This means that if you need " +"other datatypes, you should convert on your own:" +msgstr "配置解析器并不会猜测配置文件中值的类型，而总是将它们在内部存储为字符串。 这意味着如果你需要其他数据类型，你应当自己来转换:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:185 +msgid "" +">>> int(topsecret['Port'])\n" +"50022\n" +">>> float(topsecret['CompressionLevel'])\n" +"9.0" +msgstr "" +">>> int(topsecret['Port'])\n" +"50022\n" +">>> float(topsecret['CompressionLevel'])\n" +"9.0" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Since this task is so common, config parsers provide a range of handy getter" +" methods to handle integers, floats and booleans. The last one is the most " +"interesting because simply passing the value to ``bool()`` would do no good " +"since ``bool('False')`` is still ``True``. This is why config parsers also " +"provide :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean`. This method is case-insensitive " +"and recognizes Boolean values from ``'yes'``/``'no'``, ``'on'``/``'off'``, " +"``'true'``/``'false'`` and ``'1'``/``'0'`` [1]_. For example:" +msgstr "" +"由于这种任务十分常用，配置解析器提供了一系列便捷的获取方法来处理整数、浮点数和布尔值。 最后一个类型的处理最为有趣，因为简单地将值传给 " +"``bool()`` 是没有用的，``bool('False')`` 仍然会是 ``True``。 为解决这个问题配置解析器还提供了 " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean`。 这个方法对大小写不敏感并可识别 ``'yes'``/``'no'``, " +"``'on'``/``'off'``, ``'true'``/``'false'`` 和 ``'1'``/``'0'`` [1]_ 等布尔值。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:200 +msgid "" +">>> topsecret.getboolean('ForwardX11')\n" +"False\n" +">>> config['forge.example'].getboolean('ForwardX11')\n" +"True\n" +">>> config.getboolean('forge.example', 'Compression')\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> topsecret.getboolean('ForwardX11')\n" +"False\n" +">>> config['forge.example'].getboolean('ForwardX11')\n" +"True\n" +">>> config.getboolean('forge.example', 'Compression')\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Apart from :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean`, config parsers also provide " +"equivalent :meth:`~ConfigParser.getint` and :meth:`~ConfigParser.getfloat` " +"methods. You can register your own converters and customize the provided " +"ones. [1]_" +msgstr "" +"除了 :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean`，配置解析器还提供了同类的 " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.getint` 和 :meth:`~ConfigParser.getfloat` 方法。 " +"你可以注册你自己的转换器并或是定制已提供的转换器。 [1]_" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:215 +msgid "Fallback Values" +msgstr "回退值" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:217 +msgid "" +"As with a dictionary, you can use a section's :meth:`~ConfigParser.get` " +"method to provide fallback values:" +msgstr "与字典类似，你可以使用某一节的 :meth:`~ConfigParser.get` 方法来提供回退值：" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:220 +msgid "" +">>> topsecret.get('Port')\n" +"'50022'\n" +">>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel')\n" +"'9'\n" +">>> topsecret.get('Cipher')\n" +">>> topsecret.get('Cipher', '3des-cbc')\n" +"'3des-cbc'" +msgstr "" +">>> topsecret.get('Port')\n" +"'50022'\n" +">>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel')\n" +"'9'\n" +">>> topsecret.get('Cipher')\n" +">>> topsecret.get('Cipher', '3des-cbc')\n" +"'3des-cbc'" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Please note that default values have precedence over fallback values. For " +"instance, in our example the ``'CompressionLevel'`` key was specified only " +"in the ``'DEFAULT'`` section. If we try to get it from the section " +"``'topsecret.server.example'``, we will always get the default, even if we " +"specify a fallback:" +msgstr "" +"请注意默认值会优先于回退值。 例如，在我们的示例中 ``'CompressionLevel'`` 键仅在 ``'DEFAULT'`` 小节中被指定。 " +"如果我们尝试从 ``'topsecret.server.example'`` 小节获取它，我们将总是会得到默认值，即使我们指定了一个回退值:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:236 +msgid "" +">>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel', '3')\n" +"'9'" +msgstr "" +">>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel', '3')\n" +"'9'" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:241 +msgid "" +"One more thing to be aware of is that the parser-level " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.get` method provides a custom, more complex interface, " +"maintained for backwards compatibility. When using this method, a fallback " +"value can be provided via the ``fallback`` keyword-only argument:" +msgstr "" +"还需要注意的一点是解析器层级的 :meth:`~ConfigParser.get` 方法提供了自定义的更复杂接口，它被继续维护用于向下兼容。 " +"当使用此方法时，可以通过 ``fallback`` 仅限关键字参数提供一个回退值：" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:246 +msgid "" +">>> config.get('forge.example', 'monster',\n" +"... fallback='No such things as monsters')\n" +"'No such things as monsters'" +msgstr "" +">>> config.get('forge.example', 'monster',\n" +"... fallback='No such things as monsters')\n" +"'No such things as monsters'" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:252 +msgid "" +"The same ``fallback`` argument can be used with the " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.getint`, :meth:`~ConfigParser.getfloat` and " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean` methods, for example:" +msgstr "" +"同样的 ``fallback`` 参数也可在 :meth:`~ConfigParser.getint`, " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.getfloat` 和 :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean` 方法中使用，例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:256 +msgid "" +">>> 'BatchMode' in topsecret\n" +"False\n" +">>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True)\n" +"True\n" +">>> config['DEFAULT']['BatchMode'] = 'no'\n" +">>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> 'BatchMode' in topsecret\n" +"False\n" +">>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True)\n" +"True\n" +">>> config['DEFAULT']['BatchMode'] = 'no'\n" +">>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:268 +msgid "Supported INI File Structure" +msgstr "受支持的 INI 文件结构" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:270 +msgid "" +"A configuration file consists of sections, each led by a ``[section]`` " +"header, followed by key/value entries separated by a specific string (``=`` " +"or ``:`` by default [1]_). By default, section names are case sensitive but" +" keys are not [1]_. Leading and trailing whitespace is removed from keys " +"and values. Values can be omitted if the parser is configured to allow it " +"[1]_, in which case the key/value delimiter may also be left out. Values " +"can also span multiple lines, as long as they are indented deeper than the " +"first line of the value. Depending on the parser's mode, blank lines may be" +" treated as parts of multiline values or ignored." +msgstr "" +"配置文件是由小节组成的，每个小节都有一个 ``[section]`` 标头，加上多个由特定字符串 (默认为 ``=`` 或 ``:`` [1]_) " +"分隔的键/值条目。 在默认情况下，小节名对大小写敏感而键对大小写不敏感 [1]_。 键和值开头和末尾的空格会被移除。 在解释器配置允许时值可以被省略 " +"[1]_，在此情况下键/值分隔符也可以被省略。 值还可以跨越多行，只要值的其他行带有比第一行更深的缩进。 " +"依据解析器的具体模式，空白行可能会被视为多行值的组成部分或是被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:280 +msgid "" +"By default, a valid section name can be any string that does not contain " +"'\\\\n'. To change this, see :attr:`ConfigParser.SECTCRE`." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，有效的节名称可以是不包含 '\\\\n' 的任意字符串。 要改变此设定，请参阅 :attr:`ConfigParser.SECTCRE`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:283 +msgid "" +"The first section name may be omitted if the parser is configured to allow " +"an unnamed top level section with ``allow_unnamed_section=True``. In this " +"case, the keys/values may be retrieved by :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION` as in " +"``config[UNNAMED_SECTION]``." +msgstr "" +"如果解析器通过 ``allow_unnamed_section=True`` 被配置为允许未命名的最高层级小节则第一个小节的名称可以省略。 " +"在这种情况下，键/值可以通过 :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION` 来获取例如 ``config[UNNAMED_SECTION]``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Configuration files may include comments, prefixed by specific characters " +"(``#`` and ``;`` by default [1]_). Comments may appear on their own on an " +"otherwise empty line, possibly indented. [1]_" +msgstr "" +"配置文件可以包含注释，要带有指定字符前缀 (默认为 ``#`` 和 ``;`` [1]_)。 注释可以单独出现于原本的空白行，并可使用缩进。 [1]_" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:292 ../../library/configparser.rst:376 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:294 +msgid "" +"[Simple Values]\n" +"key=value\n" +"spaces in keys=allowed\n" +"spaces in values=allowed as well\n" +"spaces around the delimiter = obviously\n" +"you can also use : to delimit keys from values\n" +"\n" +"[All Values Are Strings]\n" +"values like this: 1000000\n" +"or this: 3.14159265359\n" +"are they treated as numbers? : no\n" +"integers, floats and booleans are held as: strings\n" +"can use the API to get converted values directly: true\n" +"\n" +"[Multiline Values]\n" +"chorus: I'm a lumberjack, and I'm okay\n" +" I sleep all night and I work all day\n" +"\n" +"[No Values]\n" +"key_without_value\n" +"empty string value here =\n" +"\n" +"[You can use comments]\n" +"# like this\n" +"; or this\n" +"\n" +"# By default only in an empty line.\n" +"# Inline comments can be harmful because they prevent users\n" +"# from using the delimiting characters as parts of values.\n" +"# That being said, this can be customized.\n" +"\n" +" [Sections Can Be Indented]\n" +" can_values_be_as_well = True\n" +" does_that_mean_anything_special = False\n" +" purpose = formatting for readability\n" +" multiline_values = are\n" +" handled just fine as\n" +" long as they are indented\n" +" deeper than the first line\n" +" of a value\n" +" # Did I mention we can indent comments, too?" +msgstr "" +"[Simple Values]\n" +"key=value\n" +"spaces in keys=allowed\n" +"spaces in values=allowed as well\n" +"spaces around the delimiter = obviously\n" +"you can also use : to delimit keys from values\n" +"\n" +"[All Values Are Strings]\n" +"values like this: 1000000\n" +"or this: 3.14159265359\n" +"are they treated as numbers? : no\n" +"integers, floats and booleans are held as: strings\n" +"can use the API to get converted values directly: true\n" +"\n" +"[Multiline Values]\n" +"chorus: I'm a lumberjack, and I'm okay\n" +" I sleep all night and I work all day\n" +"\n" +"[No Values]\n" +"key_without_value\n" +"empty string value here =\n" +"\n" +"[You can use comments]\n" +"# like this\n" +"; or this\n" +"\n" +"# By default only in an empty line.\n" +"# Inline comments can be harmful because they prevent users\n" +"# from using the delimiting characters as parts of values.\n" +"# That being said, this can be customized.\n" +"\n" +" [Sections Can Be Indented]\n" +" can_values_be_as_well = True\n" +" does_that_mean_anything_special = False\n" +" purpose = formatting for readability\n" +" multiline_values = are\n" +" handled just fine as\n" +" long as they are indented\n" +" deeper than the first line\n" +" of a value\n" +" # Did I mention we can indent comments, too?" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:342 +msgid "Unnamed Sections" +msgstr "未命名小节" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:344 +msgid "" +"The name of the first section (or unique) may be omitted and values " +"retrieved by the :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION` attribute." +msgstr "第一（或唯一）小节的名称可以省略并且其值可通过 :const:`UNNAMED_SECTION` 属性来获取。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:347 +msgid "" +">>> config = \"\"\"\n" +"... option = value\n" +"...\n" +"... [ Section 2 ]\n" +"... another = val\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> unnamed = configparser.ConfigParser(allow_unnamed_section=True)\n" +">>> unnamed.read_string(config)\n" +">>> unnamed.get(configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION, 'option')\n" +"'value'" +msgstr "" +">>> config = \"\"\"\n" +"... option = value\n" +"...\n" +"... [ Section 2 ]\n" +"... another = val\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> unnamed = configparser.ConfigParser(allow_unnamed_section=True)\n" +">>> unnamed.read_string(config)\n" +">>> unnamed.get(configparser.UNNAMED_SECTION, 'option')\n" +"'value'" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:361 +msgid "Interpolation of values" +msgstr "值的插值" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:363 +msgid "" +"On top of the core functionality, :class:`ConfigParser` supports " +"interpolation. This means values can be preprocessed before returning them " +"from ``get()`` calls." +msgstr "在核心功能之上，:class:`ConfigParser` 还支持插值。 这意味着值可以在被 ``get()`` 调用返回之前进行预处理。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:371 +msgid "" +"The default implementation used by :class:`ConfigParser`. It enables values" +" to contain format strings which refer to other values in the same section, " +"or values in the special default section [1]_. Additional default values " +"can be provided on initialization." +msgstr "" +"默认实现由 :class:`ConfigParser` 来使用。 它允许值包含引用了相同小节中其他值或者特殊的默认小节中的值的格式字符串 [1]_。 " +"额外的默认值可以在初始化时提供。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:378 +msgid "" +"[Paths]\n" +"home_dir: /Users\n" +"my_dir: %(home_dir)s/lumberjack\n" +"my_pictures: %(my_dir)s/Pictures\n" +"\n" +"[Escape]\n" +"# use a %% to escape the % sign (% is the only character that needs to be escaped):\n" +"gain: 80%%" +msgstr "" +"[Paths]\n" +"home_dir: /Users\n" +"my_dir: %(home_dir)s/lumberjack\n" +"my_pictures: %(my_dir)s/Pictures\n" +"\n" +"[Escape]\n" +"# use a %% to escape the % sign (% is the only character that needs to be escaped):\n" +"gain: 80%%" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:389 +msgid "" +"In the example above, :class:`ConfigParser` with *interpolation* set to " +"``BasicInterpolation()`` would resolve ``%(home_dir)s`` to the value of " +"``home_dir`` (``/Users`` in this case). ``%(my_dir)s`` in effect would " +"resolve to ``/Users/lumberjack``. All interpolations are done on demand so " +"keys used in the chain of references do not have to be specified in any " +"specific order in the configuration file." +msgstr "" +"在上面的例子里，:class:`ConfigParser` 的 *interpolation* 设为 " +"``BasicInterpolation()``，这会将 ``%(home_dir)s`` 求解为 ``home_dir`` 的值 (在这里是 " +"``/Users``)。 ``%(my_dir)s`` 的将被实际求解为 ``/Users/lumberjack``。 " +"所有插值都是按需进行的，这样引用链中使用的键不必以任何特定顺序在配置文件中指明。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:396 +msgid "" +"With ``interpolation`` set to ``None``, the parser would simply return " +"``%(my_dir)s/Pictures`` as the value of ``my_pictures`` and " +"``%(home_dir)s/lumberjack`` as the value of ``my_dir``." +msgstr "" +"当 ``interpolation`` 设为 ``None`` 时，解析器会简单地返回 ``%(my_dir)s/Pictures`` 作为 " +"``my_pictures`` 的值，并返回 ``%(home_dir)s/lumberjack`` 作为 ``my_dir`` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:404 +msgid "" +"An alternative handler for interpolation which implements a more advanced " +"syntax, used for instance in ``zc.buildout``. Extended interpolation is " +"using ``${section:option}`` to denote a value from a foreign section. " +"Interpolation can span multiple levels. For convenience, if the " +"``section:`` part is omitted, interpolation defaults to the current section " +"(and possibly the default values from the special section)." +msgstr "" +"一个用于插值的替代处理程序实现了更高级的语法，它被用于 ``zc.buildout`` 中的实例。 扩展插值使用 " +"``${section:option}`` 来表示来自外部小节的值。 插值可以跨越多个层级。 为了方便使用，``section:`` " +"部分可被省略，插值会默认作用于当前小节（可能会从特殊小节获取默认值）。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:411 +msgid "" +"For example, the configuration specified above with basic interpolation, " +"would look like this with extended interpolation:" +msgstr "例如，上面使用基本插值描述的配置，使用扩展插值将是这个样子:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:414 +msgid "" +"[Paths]\n" +"home_dir: /Users\n" +"my_dir: ${home_dir}/lumberjack\n" +"my_pictures: ${my_dir}/Pictures\n" +"\n" +"[Escape]\n" +"# use a $$ to escape the $ sign ($ is the only character that needs to be escaped):\n" +"cost: $$80" +msgstr "" +"[Paths]\n" +"home_dir: /Users\n" +"my_dir: ${home_dir}/lumberjack\n" +"my_pictures: ${my_dir}/Pictures\n" +"\n" +"[Escape]\n" +"# use a $$ to escape the $ sign ($ is the only character that needs to be escaped):\n" +"cost: $$80" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:425 +msgid "Values from other sections can be fetched as well:" +msgstr "来自其他小节的值也可以被获取:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:427 +msgid "" +"[Common]\n" +"home_dir: /Users\n" +"library_dir: /Library\n" +"system_dir: /System\n" +"macports_dir: /opt/local\n" +"\n" +"[Frameworks]\n" +"Python: 3.2\n" +"path: ${Common:system_dir}/Library/Frameworks/\n" +"\n" +"[Arthur]\n" +"nickname: Two Sheds\n" +"last_name: Jackson\n" +"my_dir: ${Common:home_dir}/twosheds\n" +"my_pictures: ${my_dir}/Pictures\n" +"python_dir: ${Frameworks:path}/Python/Versions/${Frameworks:Python}" +msgstr "" +"[Common]\n" +"home_dir: /Users\n" +"library_dir: /Library\n" +"system_dir: /System\n" +"macports_dir: /opt/local\n" +"\n" +"[Frameworks]\n" +"Python: 3.2\n" +"path: ${Common:system_dir}/Library/Frameworks/\n" +"\n" +"[Arthur]\n" +"nickname: Two Sheds\n" +"last_name: Jackson\n" +"my_dir: ${Common:home_dir}/twosheds\n" +"my_pictures: ${my_dir}/Pictures\n" +"python_dir: ${Frameworks:path}/Python/Versions/${Frameworks:Python}" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:447 +msgid "Mapping Protocol Access" +msgstr "映射协议访问" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:451 +msgid "" +"Mapping protocol access is a generic name for functionality that enables " +"using custom objects as if they were dictionaries. In case of " +":mod:`configparser`, the mapping interface implementation is using the " +"``parser['section']['option']`` notation." +msgstr "" +"映射协议访问这个通用名称是指允许以字典的方式来使用自定义对象的功能。 在 :mod:`configparser` 中，映射接口的实现使用了 " +"``parser['section']['option']`` 标记法。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:456 +msgid "" +"``parser['section']`` in particular returns a proxy for the section's data " +"in the parser. This means that the values are not copied but they are taken" +" from the original parser on demand. What's even more important is that " +"when values are changed on a section proxy, they are actually mutated in the" +" original parser." +msgstr "" +"``parser['section']`` 专门为解析器中的小节数据返回一个代理。 这意味着其中的值不会被拷贝，而是在需要时从原始解析器中获取。 " +"更为重要的是，当值在小节代理上被修改时，它们其实是在原始解析器中发生了改变。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:462 +msgid "" +":mod:`configparser` objects behave as close to actual dictionaries as " +"possible. The mapping interface is complete and adheres to the " +":class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` ABC. However, there are a few " +"differences that should be taken into account:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`configparser` 对象的行为会尽可能地接近真正的字典。 映射接口是完整而且遵循 " +":class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` ABC 规范的。 但是，还是有一些差异应当被纳入考虑:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:467 +msgid "" +"By default, all keys in sections are accessible in a case-insensitive manner" +" [1]_. E.g. ``for option in parser[\"section\"]`` yields only " +"``optionxform``'ed option key names. This means lowercased keys by default." +" At the same time, for a section that holds the key ``'a'``, both " +"expressions return ``True``::" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，小节中的所有键是以大小写不敏感的方式来访问的 [1]_。 例如 ``for option in parser[\"section\"]`` " +"只会产生 ``optionxform`` 形式的选项键名称。 也就是说默认使用小写字母键名。 与此同时，对于一个包含键 ``'a'`` " +"的小节，以下两个表达式均将返回 ``True``::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:472 +msgid "" +"\"a\" in parser[\"section\"]\n" +"\"A\" in parser[\"section\"]" +msgstr "" +"\"a\" in parser[\"section\"]\n" +"\"A\" in parser[\"section\"]" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:475 +msgid "" +"All sections include ``DEFAULTSECT`` values as well which means that " +"``.clear()`` on a section may not leave the section visibly empty. This is " +"because default values cannot be deleted from the section (because " +"technically they are not there). If they are overridden in the section, " +"deleting causes the default value to be visible again. Trying to delete a " +"default value causes a :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "" +"所有小节也包括 ``DEFAULTSECT``，这意味着对一个小节执行 ``.clear()`` 可能无法使得该小节显示为空。 " +"这是因为默认值是无法从小节中被删除的（因为从技术上说它们并不在那里）。 如果它们在小节中被覆盖，删除将导致默认值重新变为可见。 尝试删除默认值将会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:482 +msgid "``DEFAULTSECT`` cannot be removed from the parser:" +msgstr "``DEFAULTSECT`` 无法从解析器中被移除:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:484 +msgid "trying to delete it raises :exc:`ValueError`," +msgstr "尝试删除将引发 :exc:`ValueError`，" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:486 +msgid "``parser.clear()`` leaves it intact," +msgstr "``parser.clear()`` 会保留其原状，" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:488 +msgid "``parser.popitem()`` never returns it." +msgstr "``parser.popitem()`` 绝不会将其返回。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:490 +msgid "" +"``parser.get(section, option, **kwargs)`` - the second argument is **not** a" +" fallback value. Note however that the section-level ``get()`` methods are " +"compatible both with the mapping protocol and the classic configparser API." +msgstr "" +"``parser.get(section, option, **kwargs)`` - 第二个参数 **并非** 回退值。 但是请注意小节层级的 " +"``get()`` 方法可同时兼容映射协议和经典配置解析器 API。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:494 +msgid "" +"``parser.items()`` is compatible with the mapping protocol (returns a list " +"of *section_name*, *section_proxy* pairs including the DEFAULTSECT). " +"However, this method can also be invoked with arguments: " +"``parser.items(section, raw, vars)``. The latter call returns a list of " +"*option*, *value* pairs for a specified ``section``, with all interpolations" +" expanded (unless ``raw=True`` is provided)." +msgstr "" +"``parser.items()`` 兼容映射协议（返回 *section_name*, *section_proxy* 对的列表，包括 " +"DEFAULTSECT）。 但是，此方法也可以附带参数被唤起: ``parser.items(section, raw, vars)``。 " +"这种调用形式返回指定 ``section`` 的 *option*, *value* 对的列表，将展开所有插值（除非提供了 ``raw=True`` " +"选项）。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:501 +msgid "" +"The mapping protocol is implemented on top of the existing legacy API so " +"that subclasses overriding the original interface still should have mappings" +" working as expected." +msgstr "映射协议是在现有的传统 API 之上实现的，以便重写原始接口的子类仍然具有符合预期的有效映射。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:507 +msgid "Customizing Parser Behaviour" +msgstr "定制解析器行为" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:509 +msgid "" +"There are nearly as many INI format variants as there are applications using" +" it. :mod:`configparser` goes a long way to provide support for the largest " +"sensible set of INI styles available. The default functionality is mainly " +"dictated by historical background and it's very likely that you will want to" +" customize some of the features." +msgstr "" +"INI 格式的变种数量几乎和使用此格式的应用一样多。 :mod:`configparser` 花费了很大力气来为尽量大范围的可用 INI 样式提供支持。" +" 默认的可用功能主要由历史状况来确定，你很可能会想要定制某些特性。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:515 +msgid "" +"The most common way to change the way a specific config parser works is to " +"use the :meth:`!__init__` options:" +msgstr "改变特定配置解析器行为的最常见方式是使用 :meth:`!__init__` 选项：" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:518 +msgid "*defaults*, default value: ``None``" +msgstr "*defaults*，默认值: ``None``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:520 +msgid "" +"This option accepts a dictionary of key-value pairs which will be initially " +"put in the ``DEFAULT`` section. This makes for an elegant way to support " +"concise configuration files that don't specify values which are the same as " +"the documented default." +msgstr "" +"此选项接受一个键值对的字典，它将被首先放入 ``DEFAULT`` 小节。 " +"这实现了一种优雅的方式来支持简洁的配置文件，它不必指定与已记录的默认值相同的值。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:525 +msgid "" +"Hint: if you want to specify default values for a specific section, use " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.read_dict` before you read the actual file." +msgstr "提示：如果你想要为特定的节指定默认值，请在读取实际文件之前 使用 :meth:`~ConfigParser.read_dict`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:528 +msgid "*dict_type*, default value: :class:`dict`" +msgstr "*dict_type*，默认值: :class:`dict`" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:530 +msgid "" +"This option has a major impact on how the mapping protocol will behave and " +"how the written configuration files look. With the standard dictionary, " +"every section is stored in the order they were added to the parser. Same " +"goes for options within sections." +msgstr "此选项主要影响映射协议的行为和写入配置文件的外观。 使用标准字典时，每个小节是按照它们被加入解析器的顺序保存的。 在小节内的选项也是如此。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:535 +msgid "" +"An alternative dictionary type can be used for example to sort sections and " +"options on write-back." +msgstr "还有其他替换的字典类型可以使用，例如在写回数据时对小节和选项进行排序。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Please note: there are ways to add a set of key-value pairs in a single " +"operation. When you use a regular dictionary in those operations, the order" +" of the keys will be ordered. For example:" +msgstr "请注意：存在其他方式只用一次操作来添加键值对的集合。 当你在这些操作中使用一个常规字典时，键将按顺序进行排列。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:542 +msgid "" +">>> parser = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> parser.read_dict({'section1': {'key1': 'value1',\n" +"... 'key2': 'value2',\n" +"... 'key3': 'value3'},\n" +"... 'section2': {'keyA': 'valueA',\n" +"... 'keyB': 'valueB',\n" +"... 'keyC': 'valueC'},\n" +"... 'section3': {'foo': 'x',\n" +"... 'bar': 'y',\n" +"... 'baz': 'z'}\n" +"... })\n" +">>> parser.sections()\n" +"['section1', 'section2', 'section3']\n" +">>> [option for option in parser['section3']]\n" +"['foo', 'bar', 'baz']" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> parser.read_dict({'section1': {'key1': 'value1',\n" +"... 'key2': 'value2',\n" +"... 'key3': 'value3'},\n" +"... 'section2': {'keyA': 'valueA',\n" +"... 'keyB': 'valueB',\n" +"... 'keyC': 'valueC'},\n" +"... 'section3': {'foo': 'x',\n" +"... 'bar': 'y',\n" +"... 'baz': 'z'}\n" +"... })\n" +">>> parser.sections()\n" +"['section1', 'section2', 'section3']\n" +">>> [option for option in parser['section3']]\n" +"['foo', 'bar', 'baz']" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:560 +msgid "*allow_no_value*, default value: ``False``" +msgstr "*allow_no_value*，默认值: ``False``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Some configuration files are known to include settings without values, but " +"which otherwise conform to the syntax supported by :mod:`configparser`. The" +" *allow_no_value* parameter to the constructor can be used to indicate that " +"such values should be accepted:" +msgstr "" +"已知某些配置文件会包括不带值的设置，但其在其他方面均符合 :mod:`configparser` 所支持的语法。 构造器的 " +"*allow_no_value* 形参可用于指明应当接受这样的值:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:567 +msgid "" +">>> import configparser\n" +"\n" +">>> sample_config = \"\"\"\n" +"... [mysqld]\n" +"... user = mysql\n" +"... pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid\n" +"... skip-external-locking\n" +"... old_passwords = 1\n" +"... skip-bdb\n" +"... # we don't need ACID today\n" +"... skip-innodb\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> config = configparser.ConfigParser(allow_no_value=True)\n" +">>> config.read_string(sample_config)\n" +"\n" +">>> # Settings with values are treated as before:\n" +">>> config[\"mysqld\"][\"user\"]\n" +"'mysql'\n" +"\n" +">>> # Settings without values provide None:\n" +">>> config[\"mysqld\"][\"skip-bdb\"]\n" +"\n" +">>> # Settings which aren't specified still raise an error:\n" +">>> config[\"mysqld\"][\"does-not-exist\"]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"KeyError: 'does-not-exist'" +msgstr "" +">>> import configparser\n" +"\n" +">>> sample_config = \"\"\"\n" +"... [mysqld]\n" +"... user = mysql\n" +"... pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid\n" +"... skip-external-locking\n" +"... old_passwords = 1\n" +"... skip-bdb\n" +"... # we don't need ACID today\n" +"... skip-innodb\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> config = configparser.ConfigParser(allow_no_value=True)\n" +">>> config.read_string(sample_config)\n" +"\n" +">>> # 有值的设置像之前一样处理：\n" +">>> config[\"mysqld\"][\"user\"]\n" +"'mysql'\n" +"\n" +">>> # 没有值的设置将为 None：\n" +">>> config[\"mysqld\"][\"skip-bdb\"]\n" +"\n" +">>> # 未指定的设置仍将引发错误：\n" +">>> config[\"mysqld\"][\"does-not-exist\"]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"KeyError: 'does-not-exist'" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:597 +msgid "*delimiters*, default value: ``('=', ':')``" +msgstr "*delimiters*，默认值: ``('=', ':')``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:599 +msgid "" +"Delimiters are substrings that delimit keys from values within a section. " +"The first occurrence of a delimiting substring on a line is considered a " +"delimiter. This means values (but not keys) can contain the delimiters." +msgstr "分隔符是用于在小节内分隔键和值的子字符串。 在一行中首次出现的分隔子字符串会被视为一个分隔符。 这意味着值可以包含分隔符（但键不可以）。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:603 +msgid "" +"See also the *space_around_delimiters* argument to " +":meth:`ConfigParser.write`." +msgstr "另请参见 :meth:`ConfigParser.write` 的 *space_around_delimiters* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:606 +msgid "*comment_prefixes*, default value: ``('#', ';')``" +msgstr "*comment_prefixes*，默认值: ``('#', ';')``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:608 +msgid "*inline_comment_prefixes*, default value: ``None``" +msgstr "*inline_comment_prefixes*，默认值: ``None``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:610 +msgid "" +"Comment prefixes are strings that indicate the start of a valid comment " +"within a config file. *comment_prefixes* are used only on otherwise empty " +"lines (optionally indented) whereas *inline_comment_prefixes* can be used " +"after every valid value (e.g. section names, options and empty lines as " +"well). By default inline comments are disabled and ``'#'`` and ``';'`` are " +"used as prefixes for whole line comments." +msgstr "" +"注释前缀是配置文件中用于标示一条有效注释的开头的字符串。 *comment_prefixes* 仅用在被视为空白的行（可以缩进）之前而 " +"*inline_comment_prefixes* 可用在每个有效值之后（例如小节名称、选项以及空白的行）。 默认情况下禁用行内注释，并且 " +"``'#'`` 和 ``';'`` 都被用作完整行注释的前缀。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:617 +msgid "" +"In previous versions of :mod:`configparser` behaviour matched " +"``comment_prefixes=('#',';')`` and ``inline_comment_prefixes=(';',)``." +msgstr "" +"在之前的 :mod:`configparser` 版本中行为匹配 ``comment_prefixes=('#',';')`` 和 " +"``inline_comment_prefixes=(';',)``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:621 +msgid "" +"Please note that config parsers don't support escaping of comment prefixes " +"so using *inline_comment_prefixes* may prevent users from specifying option " +"values with characters used as comment prefixes. When in doubt, avoid " +"setting *inline_comment_prefixes*. In any circumstances, the only way of " +"storing comment prefix characters at the beginning of a line in multiline " +"values is to interpolate the prefix, for example::" +msgstr "" +"请注意配置解析器不支持对注释前缀的转义，因此使用 *inline_comment_prefixes* 可能妨碍用户将被用作注释前缀的字符指定为可选值。 " +"当有疑问时，请避免设置 *inline_comment_prefixes*。 " +"在许多情况下，在多行值的一行开头存储注释前缀字符的唯一方式是进行前缀插值，例如::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:628 +msgid "" +">>> from configparser import ConfigParser, ExtendedInterpolation\n" +">>> parser = ConfigParser(interpolation=ExtendedInterpolation())\n" +">>> # the default BasicInterpolation could be used as well\n" +">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [DEFAULT]\n" +"... hash = #\n" +"...\n" +"... [hashes]\n" +"... shebang =\n" +"... ${hash}!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"... ${hash} -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n" +"...\n" +"... extensions =\n" +"... enabled_extension\n" +"... another_extension\n" +"... #disabled_by_comment\n" +"... yet_another_extension\n" +"...\n" +"... interpolation not necessary = if # is not at line start\n" +"... even in multiline values = line #1\n" +"... line #2\n" +"... line #3\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['shebang'])\n" +"\n" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['extensions'])\n" +"\n" +"enabled_extension\n" +"another_extension\n" +"yet_another_extension\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['interpolation not necessary'])\n" +"if # is not at line start\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['even in multiline values'])\n" +"line #1\n" +"line #2\n" +"line #3" +msgstr "" +">>> from configparser import ConfigParser, ExtendedInterpolation\n" +">>> parser = ConfigParser(interpolation=ExtendedInterpolation())\n" +">>> # 默认的 BasicInterpolation 也同样可用\n" +">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [DEFAULT]\n" +"... hash = #\n" +"...\n" +"... [hashes]\n" +"... shebang =\n" +"... ${hash}!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"... ${hash} -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n" +"...\n" +"... extensions =\n" +"... enabled_extension\n" +"... another_extension\n" +"... #disabled_by_comment\n" +"... yet_another_extension\n" +"...\n" +"... interpolation not necessary = if # is not at line start\n" +"... even in multiline values = line #1\n" +"... line #2\n" +"... line #3\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['shebang'])\n" +"\n" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['extensions'])\n" +"\n" +"enabled_extension\n" +"another_extension\n" +"yet_another_extension\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['interpolation not necessary'])\n" +"if # is not at line start\n" +">>> print(parser['hashes']['even in multiline values'])\n" +"line #1\n" +"line #2\n" +"line #3" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:667 +msgid "*strict*, default value: ``True``" +msgstr "*strict*，默认值: ``True``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:669 +msgid "" +"When set to ``True``, the parser will not allow for any section or option " +"duplicates while reading from a single source (using " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.read_file`, :meth:`~ConfigParser.read_string` or " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.read_dict`). It is recommended to use strict parsers " +"in new applications." +msgstr "" +"当设为 ``True`` 时，解析器在从单一源读取 (使用 :meth:`~ConfigParser.read_file`, " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.read_string` 或 :meth:`~ConfigParser.read_dict`) " +"期间将不允许任何节或选项出现重复。 推荐在新的应用中使用严格解析器。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:674 +msgid "" +"In previous versions of :mod:`configparser` behaviour matched " +"``strict=False``." +msgstr "在之前的 :mod:`configparser` 版本中行为匹配 ``strict=False``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:678 +msgid "*empty_lines_in_values*, default value: ``True``" +msgstr "*empty_lines_in_values*，默认值: ``True``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:680 +msgid "" +"In config parsers, values can span multiple lines as long as they are " +"indented more than the key that holds them. By default parsers also let " +"empty lines to be parts of values. At the same time, keys can be " +"arbitrarily indented themselves to improve readability. In consequence, " +"when configuration files get big and complex, it is easy for the user to " +"lose track of the file structure. Take for instance:" +msgstr "" +"在配置解析器中，值可以包含多行，只要它们的缩进级别低于它们所对应的键。 默认情况下解析器还会将空行视为值的一部分。 " +"于此同时，键本身也可以任意缩进以提升可读性。 因此，当配置文件变得非常庞大而复杂时，用户很容易失去对文件结构的掌控。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:687 +msgid "" +"[Section]\n" +"key = multiline\n" +" value with a gotcha\n" +"\n" +" this = is still a part of the multiline value of 'key'" +msgstr "" +"[Section]\n" +"key = multiline\n" +" value with a gotcha\n" +"\n" +" this = is still a part of the multiline value of 'key'" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:695 +msgid "" +"This can be especially problematic for the user to see if she's using a " +"proportional font to edit the file. That is why when your application does " +"not need values with empty lines, you should consider disallowing them. " +"This will make empty lines split keys every time. In the example above, it " +"would produce two keys, ``key`` and ``this``." +msgstr "" +"在用户查看时这可能会特别有问题，如果她是使用比例字体来编辑文件的话。 这就是为什么当你的应用不需要带有空行的值时，你应该考虑禁用它们。 " +"这将使得空行每次都会作为键之间的分隔。 在上面的示例中，空行产生了两个键，``key`` 和 ``this``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:701 +msgid "" +"*default_section*, default value: ``configparser.DEFAULTSECT`` (that is: " +"``\"DEFAULT\"``)" +msgstr "*default_section*，默认值: ``configparser.DEFAULTSECT`` (即: ``\"DEFAULT\"``)" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:704 +msgid "" +"The convention of allowing a special section of default values for other " +"sections or interpolation purposes is a powerful concept of this library, " +"letting users create complex declarative configurations. This section is " +"normally called ``\"DEFAULT\"`` but this can be customized to point to any " +"other valid section name. Some typical values include: ``\"general\"`` or " +"``\"common\"``. The name provided is used for recognizing default sections " +"when reading from any source and is used when writing configuration back to " +"a file. Its current value can be retrieved using the " +"``parser_instance.default_section`` attribute and may be modified at runtime" +" (i.e. to convert files from one format to another)." +msgstr "" +"允许设置一个保存默认值的特殊节在其他节或插值等目的中使用的惯例是这个库所拥有的一个强大概念，使得用户能够创建复杂的声明性配置。 这种特殊节通常称为 " +"``\"DEFAULT\"`` 但也可以被定制为指向任何其他有效的节名称。 一些典型的值包括: ``\"general\"`` 或 " +"``\"common\"``。 所提供的名称在从任意节读取的时候被用于识别默认的节，而且也会在将配置写回文件时被使用。 它的当前值可以使用 " +"``parser_instance.default_section`` 属性来获取，并且可以在运行时被修改（即将文件从一种格式转换为另一种格式）。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:715 +msgid "*interpolation*, default value: ``configparser.BasicInterpolation``" +msgstr "*interpolation*，默认值: ``configparser.BasicInterpolation``" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:717 +msgid "" +"Interpolation behaviour may be customized by providing a custom handler " +"through the *interpolation* argument. ``None`` can be used to turn off " +"interpolation completely, ``ExtendedInterpolation()`` provides a more " +"advanced variant inspired by ``zc.buildout``. More on the subject in the " +"`dedicated documentation section <#interpolation-of-values>`_. " +":class:`RawConfigParser` has a default value of ``None``." +msgstr "" +"插值行为可以用通过提供 *interpolation* 参数提供自定义处理程序的方式来定制。 ``None`` " +"可用来完全禁用插值，``ExtendedInterpolation()`` 提供了一种更高级的变体形式，它的设计受到了 ``zc.buildout`` " +"的启发。 有关该主题的更多信息请参见 `专门的文档章节 <#interpolation-of-values>`_。 " +":class:`RawConfigParser` 具有默认的值 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:724 +msgid "*converters*, default value: not set" +msgstr "*converters*，默认值: 不设置" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:726 +msgid "" +"Config parsers provide option value getters that perform type conversion. " +"By default :meth:`~ConfigParser.getint`, :meth:`~ConfigParser.getfloat`, and" +" :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean` are implemented. Should other getters be " +"desirable, users may define them in a subclass or pass a dictionary where " +"each key is a name of the converter and each value is a callable " +"implementing said conversion. For instance, passing ``{'decimal': " +"decimal.Decimal}`` would add :meth:`!getdecimal` on both the parser object " +"and all section proxies. In other words, it will be possible to write both " +"``parser_instance.getdecimal('section', 'key', fallback=0)`` and " +"``parser_instance['section'].getdecimal('key', 0)``." +msgstr "" +"配置解析器提供了可选的值获取方法用来执行类型转换。 默认情况下实现了 :meth:`~ConfigParser.getint`, " +":meth:`~ConfigParser.getfloat` 和 :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean`。 " +"如果还需要其他获取方法，用户可以在子类中定义它们，或者传入一个字典，其中每个键都是一个转换器的名称而每个值都是一个实现了特定转换的可调用对象。 " +"例如，传入 ``{'decimal': decimal.Decimal}`` 将对解释器对象和所有节代理添加 :meth:`!getdecimal`。 " +"换句话说，可以同时编写 ``parser_instance.getdecimal('section', 'key', fallback=0)`` 和 " +"``parser_instance['section'].getdecimal('key', 0)``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:737 +msgid "" +"If the converter needs to access the state of the parser, it can be " +"implemented as a method on a config parser subclass. If the name of this " +"method starts with ``get``, it will be available on all section proxies, in " +"the dict-compatible form (see the ``getdecimal()`` example above)." +msgstr "" +"如果转换器需要访问解析器的状态，可以在配置解析器子类上作为一个方法来实现。 如果该方法的名称是以 ``get`` " +"打头的，它将在所有节代理上以兼容字典的形式提供（参见上面的 ``getdecimal()`` 示例）。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:742 +msgid "" +"More advanced customization may be achieved by overriding default values of " +"these parser attributes. The defaults are defined on the classes, so they " +"may be overridden by subclasses or by attribute assignment." +msgstr "更多高级定制选项可通过重写这些解析器属性的默认值来达成。 默认值是在类中定义的，因此它们可以通过子类或属性赋值来重写。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:748 +msgid "" +"By default when using :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean`, config parsers " +"consider the following values ``True``: ``'1'``, ``'yes'``, ``'true'``, " +"``'on'`` and the following values ``False``: ``'0'``, ``'no'``, ``'false'``," +" ``'off'``. You can override this by specifying a custom dictionary of " +"strings and their Boolean outcomes. For example:" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下当使用 :meth:`~ConfigParser.getboolean` 时，配置解析器会将下列值视为 ``True``: ``'1'``, " +"``'yes'``, ``'true'``, ``'on'`` 而将下列值视为 ``False``: ``'0'``, ``'no'``, " +"``'false'``, ``'off'``。 你可以通过指定一个自定义的字符串键及其对应的布尔值字典来覆盖此行为。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:754 +msgid "" +">>> custom = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> custom['section1'] = {'funky': 'nope'}\n" +">>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Not a boolean: nope\n" +">>> custom.BOOLEAN_STATES = {'sure': True, 'nope': False}\n" +">>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky')\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> custom = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> custom['section1'] = {'funky': 'nope'}\n" +">>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Not a boolean: nope\n" +">>> custom.BOOLEAN_STATES = {'sure': True, 'nope': False}\n" +">>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky')\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:766 +msgid "" +"Other typical Boolean pairs include ``accept``/``reject`` or " +"``enabled``/``disabled``." +msgstr "其他典型的布尔值对包括 ``accept``/``reject`` 或 ``enabled``/``disabled``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:772 +msgid "" +"This method transforms option names on every read, get, or set operation. " +"The default converts the name to lowercase. This also means that when a " +"configuration file gets written, all keys will be lowercase. Override this " +"method if that's unsuitable. For example:" +msgstr "" +"这个方法会转换每次 read, get, 或 set 操作的选项名称。 默认会将名称转换为小写形式。 " +"这也意味着当一个配置文件被写入时，所有键都将为小写形式。 如果此行为不合适则要重写此方法。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:778 +msgid "" +">>> config = \"\"\"\n" +"... [Section1]\n" +"... Key = Value\n" +"...\n" +"... [Section2]\n" +"... AnotherKey = Value\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> typical = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> typical.read_string(config)\n" +">>> list(typical['Section1'].keys())\n" +"['key']\n" +">>> list(typical['Section2'].keys())\n" +"['anotherkey']\n" +">>> custom = configparser.RawConfigParser()\n" +">>> custom.optionxform = lambda option: option\n" +">>> custom.read_string(config)\n" +">>> list(custom['Section1'].keys())\n" +"['Key']\n" +">>> list(custom['Section2'].keys())\n" +"['AnotherKey']" +msgstr "" +">>> config = \"\"\"\n" +"... [Section1]\n" +"... Key = Value\n" +"...\n" +"... [Section2]\n" +"... AnotherKey = Value\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> typical = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> typical.read_string(config)\n" +">>> list(typical['Section1'].keys())\n" +"['key']\n" +">>> list(typical['Section2'].keys())\n" +"['anotherkey']\n" +">>> custom = configparser.RawConfigParser()\n" +">>> custom.optionxform = lambda option: option\n" +">>> custom.read_string(config)\n" +">>> list(custom['Section1'].keys())\n" +"['Key']\n" +">>> list(custom['Section2'].keys())\n" +"['AnotherKey']" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:802 +msgid "" +"The optionxform function transforms option names to a canonical form. This " +"should be an idempotent function: if the name is already in canonical form, " +"it should be returned unchanged." +msgstr "optionxform 函数会将选项名称转换为规范形式。 这应该是一个幂等函数：如果名称已经为规范形式，则应不加修改地将其返回。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:809 +msgid "" +"A compiled regular expression used to parse section headers. The default " +"matches ``[section]`` to the name ``\"section\"``. Whitespace is considered" +" part of the section name, thus ``[ larch ]`` will be read as a section of" +" name ``\" larch \"``. Override this attribute if that's unsuitable. For" +" example:" +msgstr "" +"一个已编译正则表达式会被用来解析节标头。 默认将 ``[section]`` 匹配到名称 ``\"section\"``。 " +"空格会被视为节名称的一部分，因此 ``[ larch ]`` 将被读取为一个名称为 ``\" larch \"`` 的节。 " +"如果此行为不合适则要覆盖此属性。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:815 +msgid "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> config = \"\"\"\n" +"... [Section 1]\n" +"... option = value\n" +"...\n" +"... [ Section 2 ]\n" +"... another = val\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> typical = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> typical.read_string(config)\n" +">>> typical.sections()\n" +"['Section 1', ' Section 2 ']\n" +">>> custom = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> custom.SECTCRE = re.compile(r\"\\[ *(?P
[^]]+?) *\\]\")\n" +">>> custom.read_string(config)\n" +">>> custom.sections()\n" +"['Section 1', 'Section 2']" +msgstr "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> config = \"\"\"\n" +"... [Section 1]\n" +"... option = value\n" +"...\n" +"... [ Section 2 ]\n" +"... another = val\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> typical = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> typical.read_string(config)\n" +">>> typical.sections()\n" +"['Section 1', ' Section 2 ']\n" +">>> custom = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +">>> custom.SECTCRE = re.compile(r\"\\[ *(?P
[^]]+?) *\\]\")\n" +">>> custom.read_string(config)\n" +">>> custom.sections()\n" +"['Section 1', 'Section 2']" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:837 +msgid "" +"While ConfigParser objects also use an ``OPTCRE`` attribute for recognizing " +"option lines, it's not recommended to override it because that would " +"interfere with constructor options *allow_no_value* and *delimiters*." +msgstr "" +"虽然 ConfigParser 对象也使用 ``OPTCRE`` 属性来识别选项行，但并不推荐重写它，因为这会与构造器选项 " +"*allow_no_value* 和 *delimiters* 产生冲突。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:843 +msgid "Legacy API Examples" +msgstr "旧式 API 示例" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:845 +msgid "" +"Mainly because of backwards compatibility concerns, :mod:`configparser` " +"provides also a legacy API with explicit ``get``/``set`` methods. While " +"there are valid use cases for the methods outlined below, mapping protocol " +"access is preferred for new projects. The legacy API is at times more " +"advanced, low-level and downright counterintuitive." +msgstr "" +"主要出于向下兼容性的考虑，:mod:`configparser` 还提供了一种采用显式 ``get``/``set`` 方法的旧式 API。 " +"虽然以下介绍的方法存在有效的用例，但对于新项目仍建议采用映射协议访问。 旧式 API 在多数时候都更复杂、更底层并且完全违反直觉。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:851 +msgid "An example of writing to a configuration file::" +msgstr "一个写入配置文件的示例::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:853 +msgid "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"config = configparser.RawConfigParser()\n" +"\n" +"# Please note that using RawConfigParser's set functions, you can assign\n" +"# non-string values to keys internally, but will receive an error when\n" +"# attempting to write to a file or when you get it in non-raw mode. Setting\n" +"# values using the mapping protocol or ConfigParser's set() does not allow\n" +"# such assignments to take place.\n" +"config.add_section('Section1')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'an_int', '15')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'a_bool', 'true')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'a_float', '3.1415')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'baz', 'fun')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'bar', 'Python')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'foo', '%(bar)s is %(baz)s!')\n" +"\n" +"# Writing our configuration file to 'example.cfg'\n" +"with open('example.cfg', 'w') as configfile:\n" +" config.write(configfile)" +msgstr "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"config = configparser.RawConfigParser()\n" +"\n" +"# 请注意在使用 RawConfigParser 的 set 函数时，\n" +"# 你可以在内部为键赋非字符串值，但当你试图\n" +"# 写入文件或在非原始模式下获取它时将会报错。 \n" +"# 使用映射协议或 ConfigParser 的 set() 设置值时\n" +"# 不允许执行这样的赋值。\n" +"config.add_section('Section1')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'an_int', '15')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'a_bool', 'true')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'a_float', '3.1415')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'baz', 'fun')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'bar', 'Python')\n" +"config.set('Section1', 'foo', '%(bar)s is %(baz)s!')\n" +"\n" +"# 将我们的配置文件写入 'example.cfg'\n" +"with open('example.cfg', 'w') as configfile:\n" +" config.write(configfile)" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:874 +msgid "An example of reading the configuration file again::" +msgstr "一个再次读取配置文件的示例::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:876 +msgid "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"config = configparser.RawConfigParser()\n" +"config.read('example.cfg')\n" +"\n" +"# getfloat() raises an exception if the value is not a float\n" +"# getint() and getboolean() also do this for their respective types\n" +"a_float = config.getfloat('Section1', 'a_float')\n" +"an_int = config.getint('Section1', 'an_int')\n" +"print(a_float + an_int)\n" +"\n" +"# Notice that the next output does not interpolate '%(bar)s' or '%(baz)s'.\n" +"# This is because we are using a RawConfigParser().\n" +"if config.getboolean('Section1', 'a_bool'):\n" +" print(config.get('Section1', 'foo'))" +msgstr "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"config = configparser.RawConfigParser()\n" +"config.read('example.cfg')\n" +"\n" +"# getfloat() 在值不为浮点数时将引发异常\n" +"# getint() 和 getboolean() 对其相应类型也是如此\n" +"a_float = config.getfloat('Section1', 'a_float')\n" +"an_int = config.getint('Section1', 'an_int')\n" +"print(a_float + an_int)\n" +"\n" +"# 请注意下面的输出不会执行 '%(bar)s' 或 '%(baz)s' 插值。\n" +"# 这是因为我们是使用 RawConfigParser()。\n" +"if config.getboolean('Section1', 'a_bool'):\n" +" print(config.get('Section1', 'foo'))" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:892 +msgid "To get interpolation, use :class:`ConfigParser`::" +msgstr "要获取插值，请使用 :class:`ConfigParser`::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:894 +msgid "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"cfg = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +"cfg.read('example.cfg')\n" +"\n" +"# Set the optional *raw* argument of get() to True if you wish to disable\n" +"# interpolation in a single get operation.\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', raw=False)) # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', raw=True)) # -> \"%(bar)s is %(baz)s!\"\n" +"\n" +"# The optional *vars* argument is a dict with members that will take\n" +"# precedence in interpolation.\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', vars={'bar': 'Documentation',\n" +" 'baz': 'evil'}))\n" +"\n" +"# The optional *fallback* argument can be used to provide a fallback value\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo'))\n" +" # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', fallback='Monty is not.'))\n" +" # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'monster', fallback='No such things as monsters.'))\n" +" # -> \"No such things as monsters.\"\n" +"\n" +"# A bare print(cfg.get('Section1', 'monster')) would raise NoOptionError\n" +"# but we can also use:\n" +"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'monster', fallback=None))\n" +" # -> None" +msgstr "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"cfg = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +"cfg.read('example.cfg')\n" +"\n" +"# 如果你想要在一个单独的 get 操作中禁用插值\n" +"# 可将 get() 的可选参数 *raw* 设为 True。\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', raw=False)) # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', raw=True)) # -> \"%(bar)s is %(baz)s!\"\n" +"\n" +"# 可选参数 *vars* 是一个字典，其中的元素将在\n" +"# 插值中优先使用。\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', vars={'bar': 'Documentation',\n" +" 'baz': 'evil'}))\n" +"\n" +"# 可选参数 *fallback* 可被用来提供一个回退值\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo'))\n" +" # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'foo', fallback='Monty is not.'))\n" +" # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'monster', fallback='No such things as monsters.'))\n" +" # -> \"No such things as monsters.\"\n" +"\n" +"# 直接使用 print(cfg.get('Section1', 'monster')) 将会引发 NoOptionError\n" +"# 但我们还可以使用：\n" +"\n" +"print(cfg.get('Section1', 'monster', fallback=None))\n" +" # -> None" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:925 +msgid "" +"Default values are available in both types of ConfigParsers. They are used " +"in interpolation if an option used is not defined elsewhere. ::" +msgstr "默认值在两种类型的 ConfigParser 中均可用。 它们将在当某个选项未在别处定义时被用于插值。 ::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:928 +msgid "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"# New instance with 'bar' and 'baz' defaulting to 'Life' and 'hard' each\n" +"config = configparser.ConfigParser({'bar': 'Life', 'baz': 'hard'})\n" +"config.read('example.cfg')\n" +"\n" +"print(config.get('Section1', 'foo')) # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"config.remove_option('Section1', 'bar')\n" +"config.remove_option('Section1', 'baz')\n" +"print(config.get('Section1', 'foo')) # -> \"Life is hard!\"" +msgstr "" +"import configparser\n" +"\n" +"# 'bar' 和 'baz' 分别默认为 'Life' 和 'hard' 的新实例\n" +"config = configparser.ConfigParser({'bar': 'Life', 'baz': 'hard'})\n" +"config.read('example.cfg')\n" +"\n" +"print(config.get('Section1', 'foo')) # -> \"Python is fun!\"\n" +"config.remove_option('Section1', 'bar')\n" +"config.remove_option('Section1', 'baz')\n" +"print(config.get('Section1', 'foo')) # -> \"Life is hard!\"" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:943 +msgid "ConfigParser Objects" +msgstr "ConfigParser 对象" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:953 +msgid "" +"The main configuration parser. When *defaults* is given, it is initialized " +"into the dictionary of intrinsic defaults. When *dict_type* is given, it " +"will be used to create the dictionary objects for the list of sections, for " +"the options within a section, and for the default values." +msgstr "" +"主配置解析器。 当给定 *defaults* 时，它会被初始化为包含固有默认值的字典。 当给定 *dict_type* " +"时，它将被用来创建包含节、节中的选项以及默认值的字典。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:958 +msgid "" +"When *delimiters* is given, it is used as the set of substrings that divide " +"keys from values. When *comment_prefixes* is given, it will be used as the " +"set of substrings that prefix comments in otherwise empty lines. Comments " +"can be indented. When *inline_comment_prefixes* is given, it will be used " +"as the set of substrings that prefix comments in non-empty lines." +msgstr "" +"当给定 *delimiters* 时，它会被用作分隔键与值的子字符串的集合。 当给定 *comment_prefixes* " +"时，它将被用作在否则为空行的注释的前缀子字符串的集合。 注释可以被缩进。 当给定 *inline_comment_prefixes* " +"时，它将被用作非空行的注释的前缀子字符串的集合。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:964 +msgid "" +"When *strict* is ``True`` (the default), the parser won't allow for any " +"section or option duplicates while reading from a single source (file, " +"string or dictionary), raising :exc:`DuplicateSectionError` or " +":exc:`DuplicateOptionError`. When *empty_lines_in_values* is ``False`` " +"(default: ``True``), each empty line marks the end of an option. Otherwise," +" internal empty lines of a multiline option are kept as part of the value. " +"When *allow_no_value* is ``True`` (default: ``False``), options without " +"values are accepted; the value held for these is ``None`` and they are " +"serialized without the trailing delimiter." +msgstr "" +"当 *strict* 为 ``True`` (默认值) 时，解析器在从单个源（文件、字符串或字典）读取时将不允许任何节或选项出现重复，否则会引发 " +":exc:`DuplicateSectionError` 或 :exc:`DuplicateOptionError`。 当 " +"*empty_lines_in_values* 为 ``False`` (默认值: ``True``) 时，每个空行均表示一个选项的结束。 " +"在其他情况下，一个多行选项内部的空行会被保留为值的一部分。 当 *allow_no_value* 为 ``True`` (默认值: ``False``)" +" 时，将接受没有值的选项；此种选项的值将为 ``None`` 并且它们会以不带末尾分隔符的形式被序列化。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:974 +msgid "" +"When *default_section* is given, it specifies the name for the special " +"section holding default values for other sections and interpolation purposes" +" (normally named ``\"DEFAULT\"``). This value can be retrieved and changed " +"at runtime using the ``default_section`` instance attribute. This won't re-" +"evaluate an already parsed config file, but will be used when writing parsed" +" settings to a new config file." +msgstr "" +"当给出 *default_section* 时，它指定了为其他部分和插值目的而保存默认值的特殊部分的名称 (通常命名为 " +"``\"DEFAULT\"``)。 该值可通过使用 ``default_section`` 实例属性在运行时被读取或修改值。 " +"这不会对已解析的配置文件进行重新求值，但会在将解析的设置写入新的配置文件时使用。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:981 +msgid "" +"Interpolation behaviour may be customized by providing a custom handler " +"through the *interpolation* argument. ``None`` can be used to turn off " +"interpolation completely, ``ExtendedInterpolation()`` provides a more " +"advanced variant inspired by ``zc.buildout``. More on the subject in the " +"`dedicated documentation section <#interpolation-of-values>`_." +msgstr "" +"插值行为可通过给出 *interpolation* 参数提供自定义处理程序的方式来定制。 ``None`` " +"可用来完全禁用插值，``ExtendedInterpolation()`` 提供了一种更高级的变体形式，它的设计受到了 ``zc.buildout`` " +"的启发。 有关该主题的更多信息请参见 `专门的文档章节 <#interpolation-of-values>`_。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:987 +msgid "" +"All option names used in interpolation will be passed through the " +":meth:`optionxform` method just like any other option name reference. For " +"example, using the default implementation of :meth:`optionxform` (which " +"converts option names to lower case), the values ``foo %(bar)s`` and ``foo " +"%(BAR)s`` are equivalent." +msgstr "" +"插值中使用的所有选项名称将像任何其他选项名称引用一样通过 :meth:`optionxform` 方法来传递。 例如，使用 " +":meth:`optionxform` 的默认实现（它会将选项名称转换为小写形式）时，值 ``foo %(bar)s`` 和 ``foo " +"%(BAR)s`` 是等价的。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:993 +msgid "" +"When *converters* is given, it should be a dictionary where each key " +"represents the name of a type converter and each value is a callable " +"implementing the conversion from string to the desired datatype. Every " +"converter gets its own corresponding :meth:`!get*` method on the parser " +"object and section proxies." +msgstr "" +"当给出 *converters* 时，它应当是一个字典，其中每个键代表一个类型转换器的名称而每个值则为实现从字符串到目标数据类型的转换的可调用对象。 " +"每个转换器会获得其在解析器对象和节代理上对应的 :meth:`!get*` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:999 +msgid "" +"When *allow_unnamed_section* is ``True`` (default: ``False``), the first " +"section name can be omitted. See the `\"Unnamed Sections\" section " +"<#unnamed-sections>`_." +msgstr "" +"当 *allow_unnamed_section* 为 ``True`` 为 (默认值: ``False``)，第一个节名称可被省略。 参见 " +"`\"未命名节\" 一节 <#unnamed-sections>`_。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1028 +msgid "The default *dict_type* is :class:`collections.OrderedDict`." +msgstr "默认的 *dict_type* 为 :class:`collections.OrderedDict`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1031 ../../library/configparser.rst:1320 +msgid "" +"*allow_no_value*, *delimiters*, *comment_prefixes*, *strict*, " +"*empty_lines_in_values*, *default_section* and *interpolation* were added." +msgstr "" +"添加了 *allow_no_value*, *delimiters*, *comment_prefixes*, *strict*, " +"*empty_lines_in_values*, *default_section* 以及 *interpolation*。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1036 ../../library/configparser.rst:1325 +msgid "The *converters* argument was added." +msgstr "添加了 *converters* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"The *defaults* argument is read with :meth:`read_dict`, providing consistent" +" behavior across the parser: non-string keys and values are implicitly " +"converted to strings." +msgstr "" +"*defaults* 参数将在 :meth:`read_dict` 时被读取，提供全解析器范围内一致的行为：非字符串类型的键和值会被隐式地转换为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1044 ../../library/configparser.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"The default *dict_type* is :class:`dict`, since it now preserves insertion " +"order." +msgstr "默认的 *dict_type* 为 :class:`dict`，因为它现在会保留插入顺序。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"Raise a :exc:`MultilineContinuationError` when *allow_no_value* is ``True``," +" and a key without a value is continued with an indented line." +msgstr "" +"当 *allow_no_value* 为 ``True`` 且没有值的键带有一个缩进的行时将会引发 " +":exc:`MultilineContinuationError`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1052 ../../library/configparser.rst:1332 +msgid "The *allow_unnamed_section* argument was added." +msgstr "增加了 *allow_unnamed_section* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1057 +msgid "Return a dictionary containing the instance-wide defaults." +msgstr "返回包含实例范围内默认值的字典。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1062 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the sections available; the *default section* is not " +"included in the list." +msgstr "返回可用节的列表；*default section* 不包括在该列表中。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"Add a section named *section* to the instance. If a section by the given " +"name already exists, :exc:`DuplicateSectionError` is raised. If the " +"*default section* name is passed, :exc:`ValueError` is raised. The name of " +"the section must be a string; if not, :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"向实例添加一个名为 *section* 的节。 如果给定名称的节已存在，将会引发 :exc:`DuplicateSectionError`。 如果传入了" +" *default section* 名称，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 节名称必须为字符串；如果不是则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1073 +msgid "Non-string section names raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "非字符串的节名称将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the named *section* is present in the configuration. The " +"*default section* is not acknowledged." +msgstr "指明相应名称的 *section* 是否存在于配置中。 *default section* 不包含在内。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1085 +msgid "Return a list of options available in the specified *section*." +msgstr "返回指定 *section* 中可用选项的列表。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"If the given *section* exists, and contains the given *option*, return " +":const:`True`; otherwise return :const:`False`. If the specified *section* " +"is :const:`None` or an empty string, DEFAULT is assumed." +msgstr "" +"如果给定的 *section* 存在并且包含给定的 *option* 则返回 :const:`True`；否则返回 :const:`False`。 " +"如果指定的 *section* 为 :const:`None` 或空字符串，则会使用 DEFAULT。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"Attempt to read and parse an iterable of filenames, returning a list of " +"filenames which were successfully parsed." +msgstr "尝试读取并解析一个包含文件名的可迭代对象，返回一个被成功解析的文件名列表。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"If *filenames* is a string, a :class:`bytes` object or a :term:`path-like " +"object`, it is treated as a single filename. If a file named in *filenames*" +" cannot be opened, that file will be ignored. This is designed so that you " +"can specify an iterable of potential configuration file locations (for " +"example, the current directory, the user's home directory, and some system-" +"wide directory), and all existing configuration files in the iterable will " +"be read." +msgstr "" +"如果 *filenames* 为字符串、:class:`bytes` 对象或 :term:`path-like " +"object`，它会被当作单个文件来处理。 如果 *filenames* 中名称对应的某个文件无法被打开，该文件将被忽略。 " +"这样的设计使得你可以指定包含多个潜在配置文件位置的可迭代对象（例如当前目录、用户家目录以及某个系统级目录），存在于该可迭代对象中的所有配置文件都将被读取。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"If none of the named files exist, the :class:`ConfigParser` instance will " +"contain an empty dataset. An application which requires initial values to " +"be loaded from a file should load the required file or files using " +":meth:`read_file` before calling :meth:`read` for any optional files::" +msgstr "" +"如果名称对应的文件全都不存在，则 :class:`ConfigParser` 实例将包含一个空数据集。 一个要求从文件加载初始值的应用应当在调用 " +":meth:`read` 来获取任何可选文件之前使用 :meth:`read_file` 来加载所要求的一个或多个文件::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"import configparser, os\n" +"\n" +"config = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +"config.read_file(open('defaults.cfg'))\n" +"config.read(['site.cfg', os.path.expanduser('~/.myapp.cfg')],\n" +" encoding='cp1250')" +msgstr "" +"import configparser, os\n" +"\n" +"config = configparser.ConfigParser()\n" +"config.read_file(open('defaults.cfg'))\n" +"config.read(['site.cfg', os.path.expanduser('~/.myapp.cfg')],\n" +" encoding='cp1250')" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"Added the *encoding* parameter. Previously, all files were read using the " +"default encoding for :func:`open`." +msgstr "增加了 *encoding* 形参。 在之前版本中，所有文件都将使用 :func:`open` 的默认编码格式来读取。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1126 +msgid "The *filenames* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*filenames* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1129 +msgid "The *filenames* parameter accepts a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "*filenames* 形参接受一个 :class:`bytes` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1135 +msgid "" +"Read and parse configuration data from *f* which must be an iterable " +"yielding Unicode strings (for example files opened in text mode)." +msgstr "从 *f* 读取并解析配置数据，它必须是一个产生 Unicode 字符串的可迭代对象（例如以文本模式打开的文件）。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1138 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *source* specifies the name of the file being read. If " +"not given and *f* has a :attr:`!name` attribute, that is used for *source*; " +"the default is ``''``." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *source* 指定要读取的文件名称。 如果未给出并且 *f* 具有 :attr:`!name` 属性，则该属性会被用作 " +"*source*；默认值为 ``''``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1142 +msgid "Replaces :meth:`!readfp`." +msgstr "替代 :meth:`!readfp`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1147 +msgid "Parse configuration data from a string." +msgstr "从字符串中解析配置数据。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1149 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *source* specifies a context-specific name of the string " +"passed. If not given, ``''`` is used. This should commonly be a " +"filesystem path or a URL." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *source* 指定一个所传入字符串的上下文专属名称。 如果未给出，则会使用 ``''``。 这通常应为一个文件系统路径或 " +"URL。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"Load configuration from any object that provides a dict-like ``items()`` " +"method. Keys are section names, values are dictionaries with keys and " +"values that should be present in the section. If the used dictionary type " +"preserves order, sections and their keys will be added in order. Values are " +"automatically converted to strings." +msgstr "" +"从任意一个提供了类似于字典的 ``items()`` 方法的对象加载配置。 键为节名称，值为包含节中所出现的键和值的字典。 " +"如果所用的字典类型会保留顺序，则节和其中的键将按顺序加入。 值会被自动转换为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1164 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *source* specifies a context-specific name of the " +"dictionary passed. If not given, ```` is used." +msgstr "可选参数 *source* 指定一个所传入字典的上下文专属名称。 如果未给出，则会使用 ````。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1167 +msgid "This method can be used to copy state between parsers." +msgstr "此方法可被用于在解析器之间拷贝状态。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1174 +msgid "" +"Get an *option* value for the named *section*. If *vars* is provided, it " +"must be a dictionary. The *option* is looked up in *vars* (if provided), " +"*section*, and in *DEFAULTSECT* in that order. If the key is not found and " +"*fallback* is provided, it is used as a fallback value. ``None`` can be " +"provided as a *fallback* value." +msgstr "" +"获取指定名称的 *section* 的一个 *option* 的值。 如果提供了 *vars*，则它必须为一个字典。 *option* 的查找顺序为 " +"*vars*（如果有提供）、*section* 以及 *DEFAULTSECT*。 如果未找到该键并且提供了 *fallback*，则它会被用作回退值。" +" 可以提供 ``None`` 作为 *fallback* 值。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"All the ``'%'`` interpolations are expanded in the return values, unless the" +" *raw* argument is true. Values for interpolation keys are looked up in the" +" same manner as the option." +msgstr "所有 ``'%'`` 插值会在返回值中被展开，除非 *raw* 参数为真值。 插值键所使用的值会按与选项相同的方式来查找。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"Arguments *raw*, *vars* and *fallback* are keyword only to protect users " +"from trying to use the third argument as the *fallback* fallback (especially" +" when using the mapping protocol)." +msgstr "" +"*raw*, *vars* 和 *fallback* 都是仅限关键字参数，以防止用户试图使用第三个参数作业为 *fallback* " +"回退值（特别是在使用映射 协议的时候）。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1192 +msgid "" +"A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* " +"to an integer. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, *vars* and " +"*fallback*." +msgstr "" +"将在指定 *section* 中的 *option* 强制转换为整数的便捷方法。 参见 :meth:`get` 获取对于 *raw*, *vars* 和" +" *fallback* 的解释。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* " +"to a floating-point number. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, " +"*vars* and *fallback*." +msgstr "" +"将在指定 *section* 中的 *option* 强制转换为浮点数的便捷方法。 参见 :meth:`get` 获取对于 *raw*, *vars* " +"和 *fallback* 的解释。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1206 +msgid "" +"A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* " +"to a Boolean value. Note that the accepted values for the option are " +"``'1'``, ``'yes'``, ``'true'``, and ``'on'``, which cause this method to " +"return ``True``, and ``'0'``, ``'no'``, ``'false'``, and ``'off'``, which " +"cause it to return ``False``. These string values are checked in a case-" +"insensitive manner. Any other value will cause it to raise " +":exc:`ValueError`. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, *vars* and " +"*fallback*." +msgstr "" +"将在指定 *section* 中的 *option* 强制转换为布尔值的便捷方法。 请注意选项所接受的值为 ``'1'``, ``'yes'``, " +"``'true'`` 和 ``'on'``，它们会使得此方法返回 ``True``，以及 ``'0'``, ``'no'``, ``'false'`` " +"和 ``'off'``，它们会使得此方法返回 ``False``。 这些字符串值会以对大小写不敏感的方式被检测。 任何其他值都将导致引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 参见 :meth:`get` 获取对于 *raw*, *vars* 和 *fallback* 的解释。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"When *section* is not given, return a list of *section_name*, " +"*section_proxy* pairs, including DEFAULTSECT." +msgstr "" +"当未给出 *section* 时，将返回由 *section_name*, *section_proxy* 对组成的列表，包括 DEFAULTSECT。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1222 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, return a list of *name*, *value* pairs for the options in the " +"given *section*. Optional arguments have the same meaning as for the " +":meth:`get` method." +msgstr "" +"在其他情况下，将返回给定的 *section* 中的 option 的 *name*, *value* 对组成的列表。 可选参数具有与 " +":meth:`get` 方法的参数相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"Items present in *vars* no longer appear in the result. The previous " +"behaviour mixed actual parser options with variables provided for " +"interpolation." +msgstr "*vars* 中的条目将不在结果中出现。 之前的行为混淆了实际的解析器选项和为插值提供的变量。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1234 +msgid "" +"If the given section exists, set the given option to the specified value; " +"otherwise raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. *option* and *value* must be " +"strings; if not, :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"如果给定的节存在，则将所给出的选项设为指定的值；在其他情况下将引发 :exc:`NoSectionError`。 *option* 和 *value* " +"必须为字符串；如果不是则将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"Write a representation of the configuration to the specified :term:`file " +"object`, which must be opened in text mode (accepting strings). This " +"representation can be parsed by a future :meth:`read` call. If " +"*space_around_delimiters* is true, delimiters between keys and values are " +"surrounded by spaces." +msgstr "" +"将配置的表示形式写入指定的 :term:`file object`，该对象必须以文本模式打开（接受字符串）。 此表示形式可由将来的 " +":meth:`read` 调用进行解析。 如果 *space_around_delimiters* 为真值，键和值之前的分隔符两边将加上空格。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1249 +msgid "" +"Comments in the original configuration file are not preserved when writing " +"the configuration back. What is considered a comment, depends on the given " +"values for *comment_prefix* and *inline_comment_prefix*." +msgstr "" +"原始配置文件中的注释在写回配置时不会被保留。 具体哪些会被当作注释，取决于为 *comment_prefix* 和 " +"*inline_comment_prefix* 所指定的值。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"Remove the specified *option* from the specified *section*. If the section " +"does not exist, raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. If the option existed to be " +"removed, return :const:`True`; otherwise return :const:`False`." +msgstr "" +"将指定的 *option* 从指定的 *section* 中移除。 如果指定的节不存在则会引发 :exc:`NoSectionError`。 " +"如果要移除的选项存在则返回 :const:`True`；在其他情况下将返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"Remove the specified *section* from the configuration. If the section in " +"fact existed, return ``True``. Otherwise return ``False``." +msgstr "从配置中移除指定的 *section*。 如果指定的节确实存在则返回 ``True``。 在其他情况下将返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"Transforms the option name *option* as found in an input file or as passed " +"in by client code to the form that should be used in the internal " +"structures. The default implementation returns a lower-case version of " +"*option*; subclasses may override this or client code can set an attribute " +"of this name on instances to affect this behavior." +msgstr "" +"将选项名 *option* 转换为输入文件中的形式或客户端代码所传入的应当在内部结构中使用的形式。 默认实现将返回 *option* " +"的小写形式版本；子类可以重写此行为，或者客户端代码也可以在实例上设置一个具有此名称的属性来影响此行为。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1277 +msgid "" +"You don't need to subclass the parser to use this method, you can also set " +"it on an instance, to a function that takes a string argument and returns a " +"string. Setting it to ``str``, for example, would make option names case " +"sensitive::" +msgstr "" +"你不需要子类化解析器来使用此方法，你也可以在一个实例上设置它，或使用一个接受字符串参数并返回字符串的函数。 例如将它设为 ``str`` " +"将使得选项名称变得大小写敏感::" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1282 +msgid "" +"cfgparser = ConfigParser()\n" +"cfgparser.optionxform = str" +msgstr "" +"cfgparser = ConfigParser()\n" +"cfgparser.optionxform = str" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1285 +msgid "" +"Note that when reading configuration files, whitespace around the option " +"names is stripped before :meth:`optionxform` is called." +msgstr "请注意当读取配置文件时，选项名称两边的空格将在调用 :meth:`optionxform` 之前被去除。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1291 +msgid "" +"A special object representing a section name used to reference the unnamed " +"section (see :ref:`unnamed-sections`)." +msgstr "一个代表用于引用未命名小节的小节名称的特殊对象 (参见 :ref:`unnamed-sections`)。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"The maximum depth for recursive interpolation for " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.get` when the *raw* parameter is false. " +"This is relevant only when the default *interpolation* is used." +msgstr "" +"当 *raw* 形参为假值时 :meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.get` 所采用的递归插值的最大深度。 " +"这只在使用默认的 *interpolation* 时会起作用。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1304 +msgid "RawConfigParser Objects" +msgstr "RawConfigParser 对象" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1315 +msgid "" +"Legacy variant of the :class:`ConfigParser`. It has interpolation disabled " +"by default and allows for non-string section names, option names, and values" +" via its unsafe ``add_section`` and ``set`` methods, as well as the legacy " +"``defaults=`` keyword argument handling." +msgstr "" +"旧式 :class:`ConfigParser`。 它默认禁用插值并且允许通过不安全的 ``add_section`` 和 ``set`` 方法以及旧式" +" ``defaults=`` 关键字参数处理来设置非字符串的节名、选项名和值。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"Consider using :class:`ConfigParser` instead which checks types of the " +"values to be stored internally. If you don't want interpolation, you can " +"use ``ConfigParser(interpolation=None)``." +msgstr "" +"考虑改用 :class:`ConfigParser`，它会检查内部保存的值的类型。 如果你不想要插值，你可以使用 " +"``ConfigParser(interpolation=None)``。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"Add a section named *section* to the instance. If a section by the given " +"name already exists, :exc:`DuplicateSectionError` is raised. If the " +"*default section* name is passed, :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"向实例添加一个名为 *section* 的节。 如果给定名称的节已存在，将会引发 :exc:`DuplicateSectionError`。 如果传入了" +" *default section* 名称，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"Type of *section* is not checked which lets users create non-string named " +"sections. This behaviour is unsupported and may cause internal errors." +msgstr "不检查 *section* 以允许用户创建以非字符串命名的节。 此行为已不受支持并可能导致内部错误。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1353 +msgid "" +"If the given section exists, set the given option to the specified value; " +"otherwise raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. While it is possible to use " +":class:`RawConfigParser` (or :class:`ConfigParser` with *raw* parameters set" +" to true) for *internal* storage of non-string values, full functionality " +"(including interpolation and output to files) can only be achieved using " +"string values." +msgstr "" +"如果给定的节存在，则将给定的选项设为指定的值；在其他情况下将引发 :exc:`NoSectionError`。 虽然可能使用 " +":class:`RawConfigParser` (或使用 :class:`ConfigParser` 并将 *raw* 形参设为真值) " +"以便实现非字符串值的 *internal* 存储，但是完整功能（包括插值和输出到文件）只能使用字符串值来实现。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1360 +msgid "" +"This method lets users assign non-string values to keys internally. This " +"behaviour is unsupported and will cause errors when attempting to write to a" +" file or get it in non-raw mode. **Use the mapping protocol API** which " +"does not allow such assignments to take place." +msgstr "" +"此方法允许用户在内部将非字符串值赋给键。 此行为已不受支持并会在尝试写入到文件或在非原始模式下获取数据时导致错误。 **请使用映射协议 " +"API**，它不允许出现这样的赋值。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1367 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1371 +msgid "Base class for all other :mod:`configparser` exceptions." +msgstr "所有其他 :mod:`configparser` 异常的基类。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1376 +msgid "Exception raised when a specified section is not found." +msgstr "当找不到指定节时引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"Exception raised if :meth:`~ConfigParser.add_section` is called with the " +"name of a section that is already present or in strict parsers when a " +"section if found more than once in a single input file, string or " +"dictionary." +msgstr "" +"当调用 :meth:`~ConfigParser.add_section` " +"时传入已存在的节名称，或者在严格解析器中当单个输入文件、字符串或字典内出现重复的节时引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"Added the optional *source* and *lineno* attributes and parameters to " +":meth:`!__init__`." +msgstr "向 :meth:`!__init__` 添加了可选的 *source* 和 *lineno* 属性和形参。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1392 +msgid "" +"Exception raised by strict parsers if a single option appears twice during " +"reading from a single file, string or dictionary. This catches misspellings " +"and case sensitivity-related errors, e.g. a dictionary may have two keys " +"representing the same case-insensitive configuration key." +msgstr "" +"当单个选项在从单个文件、字符串或字典读取时出现两次时引发的异常。 " +"这会捕获拼写错误和大小写敏感相关的错误，例如一个字典可能包含两个键分别代表同一个大小写不敏感的配置键。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1400 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when a specified option is not found in the specified " +"section." +msgstr "当指定的选项未在指定的节中被找到时引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"Base class for exceptions raised when problems occur performing string " +"interpolation." +msgstr "当执行字符串插值发生问题时所引发的异常的基类。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when string interpolation cannot be completed because the " +"number of iterations exceeds :const:`MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH`. Subclass of " +":exc:`InterpolationError`." +msgstr "" +"当字符串插值由于迭代次数超出 :const:`MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH` 而无法完成所引发的异常。 为 " +":exc:`InterpolationError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when an option referenced from a value does not exist. " +"Subclass of :exc:`InterpolationError`." +msgstr "当从某个值引用的选项并不存在时引发的异常。 为 :exc:`InterpolationError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1425 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when the source text into which substitutions are made does" +" not conform to the required syntax. Subclass of :exc:`InterpolationError`." +msgstr "当将要执行替换的源文本不符合要求的语法时引发的异常。 为 :exc:`InterpolationError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when attempting to parse a file which has no section " +"headers." +msgstr "当尝试解析一个不带节标头的文件时引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1437 +msgid "Exception raised when errors occur attempting to parse a file." +msgstr "当尝试解析一个文件而发生错误时引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1439 +msgid "" +"The ``filename`` attribute and :meth:`!__init__` constructor argument were " +"removed. They have been available using the name ``source`` since 3.2." +msgstr "" +"``filename`` 属性和 :meth:`!__init__` 构造器参数已被移除。 它们自 3.2 起可以使用名称 ``source`` " +"来访问。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1445 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when a key without a corresponding value is continued with " +"an indented line." +msgstr "当没有对应值的键带有一个缩进的行时将引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1451 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:1452 +msgid "" +"Config parsers allow for heavy customization. If you are interested in " +"changing the behaviour outlined by the footnote reference, consult the " +"`Customizing Parser Behaviour`_ section." +msgstr "" +"配置解析器允许重度定制。 如果你有兴趣改变脚注说明中所介绍的行为，请参阅 `Customizing Parser Behaviour`_ 一节。" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:16 +msgid ".ini" +msgstr ".ini" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:16 +msgid "file" +msgstr "文件" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:16 +msgid "configuration" +msgstr "配置" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:16 +msgid "ini file" +msgstr "ini 文件" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:16 +msgid "Windows ini file" +msgstr "Windows ini 文件" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:367 +msgid "% (percent)" +msgstr "% (百分号)" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:367 ../../library/configparser.rst:400 +msgid "interpolation in configuration files" +msgstr "在配置文件中的插值" + +#: ../../library/configparser.rst:400 +msgid "$ (dollar)" +msgstr "$ (货币符号)" diff --git a/library/constants.po b/library/constants.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00d716e2c --- /dev/null +++ b/library/constants.po @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# sunsol s , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:4 +msgid "Built-in Constants" +msgstr "内置常量" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:6 +msgid "A small number of constants live in the built-in namespace. They are:" +msgstr "有少数的常量存在于内置命名空间中。 它们是：" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The false value of the :class:`bool` type. Assignments to ``False`` are " +"illegal and raise a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr ":class:`bool` 类型的假值。 给 ``False`` 赋值是非法的并会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The true value of the :class:`bool` type. Assignments to ``True`` are " +"illegal and raise a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr ":class:`bool` 类型的真值。 给 ``True`` 赋值是非法的并会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:22 +msgid "" +"An object frequently used to represent the absence of a value, as when " +"default arguments are not passed to a function. Assignments to ``None`` are " +"illegal and raise a :exc:`SyntaxError`. ``None`` is the sole instance of the" +" :data:`~types.NoneType` type." +msgstr "" +"通常被用来代表空值的对象，例如未向某个函数传入默认参数时。 向 ``None`` 赋值是非法的并会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 " +"``None`` 是 :data:`~types.NoneType` 类型的唯一实例。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:30 +msgid "" +"A special value which should be returned by the binary special methods (e.g." +" :meth:`~object.__eq__`, :meth:`~object.__lt__`, :meth:`~object.__add__`, " +":meth:`~object.__rsub__`, etc.) to indicate that the operation is not " +"implemented with respect to the other type; may be returned by the in-place " +"binary special methods (e.g. :meth:`~object.__imul__`, " +":meth:`~object.__iand__`, etc.) for the same purpose. It should not be " +"evaluated in a boolean context. :data:`!NotImplemented` is the sole instance" +" of the :data:`types.NotImplementedType` type." +msgstr "" +"一个应当由双目运算特殊方法（如 :meth:`~object.__eq__`, :meth:`~object.__lt__`, " +":meth:`~object.__add__`, :meth:`~object.__rsub__` " +"等）返回的特殊值，用来表明该运算没有针对其他类型的实现；也可由原地双目运算特殊方法（如 :meth:`~object.__imul__`, " +":meth:`~object.__iand__` 等）出于同样的目的而返回。 它不应在布尔上下文中被求值。 " +":data:`!NotImplemented` 是 :data:`types.NotImplementedType` 类型的唯一实例。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:40 +msgid "" +"When a binary (or in-place) method returns :data:`!NotImplemented` the " +"interpreter will try the reflected operation on the other type (or some " +"other fallback, depending on the operator). If all attempts return " +":data:`!NotImplemented`, the interpreter will raise an appropriate " +"exception. Incorrectly returning :data:`!NotImplemented` will result in a " +"misleading error message or the :data:`!NotImplemented` value being returned" +" to Python code." +msgstr "" +"当一个双目（或原地）方法返回 :data:`!NotImplemented` " +"时解释器将尝试对另一种类型（或其他回退操作，具体取决于所用的运算符）的反射操作。 如果所有尝试都返回 " +":data:`!NotImplemented`，解释器将引发适当的异常。 错误地返回 :data:`!NotImplemented` " +"将导致误导性的错误消息或 :data:`!NotImplemented` 值被返回给 Python 代码。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:47 +msgid "See :ref:`implementing-the-arithmetic-operations` for examples." +msgstr "参见 :ref:`implementing-the-arithmetic-operations` 为例。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:51 +msgid "" +":data:`!NotImplemented` and :exc:`!NotImplementedError` are not " +"interchangeable. This constant should only be used as described above; see " +":exc:`NotImplementedError` for details on correct usage of the exception." +msgstr "" +":data:`!NotImplemented` 和 :exc:`!NotImplementedError` 不能互相替代。 " +"此常量应当仅以上文所描述的方式使用；请参阅 :exc:`NotImplementedError` 了解正确使用该异常的相关细节。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Evaluating :data:`!NotImplemented` in a boolean context is deprecated. While" +" it currently evaluates as true, it will emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. " +"It will raise a :exc:`TypeError` in a future version of Python." +msgstr "" +"在布尔上下文件中对 :data:`!NotImplemented` 求值的操作已被弃用。 虽然它目前会被求解为真值，但将同时发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 它将在未来的 Python 版本中引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The same as the ellipsis literal \"``...``\". Special value used mostly in " +"conjunction with extended slicing syntax for user-defined container data " +"types. ``Ellipsis`` is the sole instance of the :data:`types.EllipsisType` " +"type." +msgstr "" +"与省略号字面值 \"``...``\" 相同。 该特殊值主要是与用户定义的容器数据类型的扩展切片语法结合使用。 ``Ellipsis`` 是 " +":data:`types.EllipsisType` 类型的唯一实例。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:72 +msgid "" +"This constant is true if Python was not started with an :option:`-O` option." +" See also the :keyword:`assert` statement." +msgstr "如果 Python 没有以 :option:`-O` 选项启动，则此常量为真值。 另请参见 :keyword:`assert` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:78 +msgid "" +"The names :data:`None`, :data:`False`, :data:`True` and :data:`__debug__` " +"cannot be reassigned (assignments to them, even as an attribute name, raise " +":exc:`SyntaxError`), so they can be considered \"true\" constants." +msgstr "" +"变量名 :data:`None`，:data:`False`，:data:`True` 和 :data:`__ debug__` " +"无法重新赋值（赋值给它们，即使是属性名，将引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` ），所以它们可以被认为是“真正的”常数。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:86 +msgid "Constants added by the :mod:`site` module" +msgstr "由 :mod:`site` 模块添加的常量" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`site` module (which is imported automatically during startup, " +"except if the :option:`-S` command-line option is given) adds several " +"constants to the built-in namespace. They are useful for the interactive " +"interpreter shell and should not be used in programs." +msgstr "" +":mod:`site` 模块（在启动期间自动导入，除非给出 :option:`-S` 命令行选项）将几个常量添加到内置命名空间。 它们对交互式解释器 " +"shell 很有用，并且不应在程序中使用。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Objects that when printed, print a message like \"Use quit() or Ctrl-D (i.e." +" EOF) to exit\", and when called, raise :exc:`SystemExit` with the specified" +" exit code." +msgstr "" +"当打印此对象时，会打印出一条消息，例如“Use quit() or Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to " +"exit”，当调用此对象时，将使用指定的退出代码来引发 :exc:`SystemExit`。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Object that when printed, prints the message \"Type help() for interactive " +"help, or help(object) for help about object.\", and when called, acts as " +"described :func:`elsewhere `." +msgstr "" +"该对象被打印时，将打印消息 \"Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help " +"about object.\"，并且当被调用时，其行为将如 :func:`别处 ` 所描述的一样。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Objects that when printed or called, print the text of copyright or credits," +" respectively." +msgstr "打印或调用的对象分别打印版权或作者的文本。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Object that when printed, prints the message \"Type license() to see the " +"full license text\", and when called, displays the full license text in a " +"pager-like fashion (one screen at a time)." +msgstr "" +"当打印此对象时，会打印出一条消息“Type license() to see the full license " +"text”，当调用此对象时，将以分页形式显示完整的许可证文本（每次显示一屏）。" + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:62 +msgid "..." +msgstr "..." + +#: ../../library/constants.rst:62 +msgid "ellipsis literal" +msgstr "省略符字面值" diff --git a/library/contextlib.po b/library/contextlib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6108321ed --- /dev/null +++ b/library/contextlib.po @@ -0,0 +1,1930 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# zeroswan , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Heyi Tang , 2021 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`!contextlib` --- Utilities for :keyword:`!with`\\ -statement contexts" +msgstr ":mod:`!contextlib` --- 为 :keyword:`!with`\\ 语句上下文提供的工具" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/contextlib.py`" +msgstr "**源代码** :source:`Lib/contextlib.py`" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module provides utilities for common tasks involving the " +":keyword:`with` statement. For more information see also " +":ref:`typecontextmanager` and :ref:`context-managers`." +msgstr "" +"此模块为涉及 :keyword:`with` 语句的常见任务提供了实用的工具。更多信息请参见 :ref:`typecontextmanager` 和 " +":ref:`context-managers`。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:17 +msgid "Utilities" +msgstr "工具" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:19 +msgid "Functions and classes provided:" +msgstr "提供的函数和类：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:23 +msgid "" +"An :term:`abstract base class` for classes that implement " +":meth:`object.__enter__` and :meth:`object.__exit__`. A default " +"implementation for :meth:`object.__enter__` is provided which returns " +"``self`` while :meth:`object.__exit__` is an abstract method which by " +"default returns ``None``. See also the definition of " +":ref:`typecontextmanager`." +msgstr "" +"一个为实现了 :meth:`object.__enter__` 与 :meth:`object.__exit__` 的类提供的 " +":term:`abstract base class`。为 :meth:`object.__enter__` 提供的一个默认实现是返回 ``self``" +" 而 :meth:`object.__exit__` 是一个默认返回 ``None`` 的抽象方法。 参见 " +":ref:`typecontextmanager` 的定义。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:34 +msgid "" +"An :term:`abstract base class` for classes that implement " +":meth:`object.__aenter__` and :meth:`object.__aexit__`. A default " +"implementation for :meth:`object.__aenter__` is provided which returns " +"``self`` while :meth:`object.__aexit__` is an abstract method which by " +"default returns ``None``. See also the definition of :ref:`async-context-" +"managers`." +msgstr "" +"一个为实现了 :meth:`object.__aenter__` 与 :meth:`object.__aexit__` 的类提供的 " +":term:`abstract base class`。 为 :meth:`object.__aenter__` 提供的一个默认实现是返回 " +"``self`` 而 :meth:`object.__aexit__` 是一个默认返回 ``None`` 的抽象方法。 参见 :ref:`async-" +"context-managers` 的定义。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:46 +msgid "" +"This function is a :term:`decorator` that can be used to define a factory " +"function for :keyword:`with` statement context managers, without needing to " +"create a class or separate :meth:`~object.__enter__` and " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` methods." +msgstr "" +"此函数是一个 :term:`decorator`，它可被用来定义一个支持 :keyword:`with` " +"语句上下文管理器的工厂函数，而无需创建一个类或单独的 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:50 +msgid "" +"While many objects natively support use in with statements, sometimes a " +"resource needs to be managed that isn't a context manager in its own right, " +"and doesn't implement a ``close()`` method for use with " +"``contextlib.closing``." +msgstr "" +"尽管许多对象都原生支持在 with 语句中使用，但有时需要被管理的资源本身并不是上下文管理器，并且没有实现 ``close()`` 方法以配合 " +"``contextlib.closing`` 使用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:54 +msgid "" +"An abstract example would be the following to ensure correct resource " +"management::" +msgstr "下面是一个抽象的示例，展示如何确保正确的资源管理::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:57 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def managed_resource(*args, **kwds):\n" +" # Code to acquire resource, e.g.:\n" +" resource = acquire_resource(*args, **kwds)\n" +" try:\n" +" yield resource\n" +" finally:\n" +" # Code to release resource, e.g.:\n" +" release_resource(resource)" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def managed_resource(*args, **kwds):\n" +" # 获取资源的代码，例如：\n" +" resource = acquire_resource(*args, **kwds)\n" +" try:\n" +" yield resource\n" +" finally:\n" +" # 释放资源的代码，例如：\n" +" release_resource(resource)" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:69 +msgid "The function can then be used like this::" +msgstr "随后可以这样使用此函数::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:71 +msgid "" +">>> with managed_resource(timeout=3600) as resource:\n" +"... # Resource is released at the end of this block,\n" +"... # even if code in the block raises an exception" +msgstr "" +">>> with managed_resource(timeout=3600) as resource:\n" +"... # 资源将在此代码块的末尾被释放，\n" +"... # 即使代码块中的代码引发了异常" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:75 +msgid "" +"The function being decorated must return a :term:`generator`-iterator when " +"called. This iterator must yield exactly one value, which will be bound to " +"the targets in the :keyword:`with` statement's :keyword:`!as` clause, if " +"any." +msgstr "" +"被装饰的函数在被调用时，必须返回一个 :term:`generator` 迭代器。 这个迭代器必须只 yield 一个值出来，这个值会被用在 " +":keyword:`with` 语句中，绑定到 :keyword:`!as` 后面的变量，如果给定了的话。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:79 +msgid "" +"At the point where the generator yields, the block nested in the " +":keyword:`with` statement is executed. The generator is then resumed after " +"the block is exited. If an unhandled exception occurs in the block, it is " +"reraised inside the generator at the point where the yield occurred. Thus, " +"you can use a :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except`...\\ :keyword:`finally` " +"statement to trap the error (if any), or ensure that some cleanup takes " +"place. If an exception is trapped merely in order to log it or to perform " +"some action (rather than to suppress it entirely), the generator must " +"reraise that exception. Otherwise the generator context manager will " +"indicate to the :keyword:`!with` statement that the exception has been " +"handled, and execution will resume with the statement immediately following " +"the :keyword:`!with` statement." +msgstr "" +"当生成器发生 yield 时，嵌套在 :keyword:`with` 语句中的语句体会被执行。 语句体执行完毕离开之后，该生成器将被恢复执行。 " +"如果在该语句体中发生了未处理的异常，则该异常会在生成器发生 yield 时重新被引发。 因此，你可以使用 :keyword:`try`...\\ " +":keyword:`except`...\\ :keyword:`finally` 语句来捕获该异常（如果有的话），或确保进行了一些清理。 " +"如果仅出于记录日志或执行某些操作（而非完全抑制异常）的目的捕获了异常，生成器必须重新引发该异常。 否则生成器的上下文管理器将向 " +":keyword:`!with` 语句指示该异常已经被处理，程序将立即在 :keyword:`!with` 语句之后恢复并继续执行。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:91 +msgid "" +":func:`contextmanager` uses :class:`ContextDecorator` so the context " +"managers it creates can be used as decorators as well as in :keyword:`with` " +"statements. When used as a decorator, a new generator instance is implicitly" +" created on each function call (this allows the otherwise \"one-shot\" " +"context managers created by :func:`contextmanager` to meet the requirement " +"that context managers support multiple invocations in order to be used as " +"decorators)." +msgstr "" +":func:`contextmanager` 使用 :class:`ContextDecorator` 因此它创建的上下文管理器不仅可以用在 " +":keyword:`with` 语句中，还可以用作一个装饰器。当它用作一个装饰器时，每一次函数调用时都会隐式创建一个新的生成器实例（这使得 " +":func:`contextmanager` 创建的上下文管理器满足了支持多次调用以用作装饰器的需求，而非“一次性”的上下文管理器）。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:98 +msgid "Use of :class:`ContextDecorator`." +msgstr ":class:`ContextDecorator` 的使用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`~contextlib.contextmanager`, but creates an " +":ref:`asynchronous context manager `." +msgstr "" +"与 :func:`~contextlib.contextmanager` 类似，但创建的是 :ref:`asynchronous context " +"manager ` 。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:107 +msgid "" +"This function is a :term:`decorator` that can be used to define a factory " +"function for :keyword:`async with` statement asynchronous context managers, " +"without needing to create a class or separate :meth:`~object.__aenter__` and" +" :meth:`~object.__aexit__` methods. It must be applied to an " +":term:`asynchronous generator` function." +msgstr "" +"该函数是一个 :term:`decorator`，它可被用来定义一个使用 :keyword:`async with` " +"语句的异步上下文管理器的工厂函数，而不需要创建一个类或单独的 :meth:`~object.__aenter__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__` 方法。 它必须应用在 :term:`asynchronous generator` 函数上。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:113 +msgid "A simple example::" +msgstr "一个简单的示例：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:115 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import asynccontextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@asynccontextmanager\n" +"async def get_connection():\n" +" conn = await acquire_db_connection()\n" +" try:\n" +" yield conn\n" +" finally:\n" +" await release_db_connection(conn)\n" +"\n" +"async def get_all_users():\n" +" async with get_connection() as conn:\n" +" return conn.query('SELECT ...')" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import asynccontextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@asynccontextmanager\n" +"async def get_connection():\n" +" conn = await acquire_db_connection()\n" +" try:\n" +" yield conn\n" +" finally:\n" +" await release_db_connection(conn)\n" +"\n" +"async def get_all_users():\n" +" async with get_connection() as conn:\n" +" return conn.query('SELECT ...')" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Context managers defined with :func:`asynccontextmanager` can be used either" +" as decorators or with :keyword:`async with` statements::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`asynccontextmanager` 定义的上下文管理器可以用作装饰器，也可以在 :keyword:`async with` " +"语句中使用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:134 +msgid "" +"import time\n" +"from contextlib import asynccontextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@asynccontextmanager\n" +"async def timeit():\n" +" now = time.monotonic()\n" +" try:\n" +" yield\n" +" finally:\n" +" print(f'it took {time.monotonic() - now}s to run')\n" +"\n" +"@timeit()\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # ... async code ..." +msgstr "" +"import time\n" +"from contextlib import asynccontextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@asynccontextmanager\n" +"async def timeit():\n" +" now = time.monotonic()\n" +" try:\n" +" yield\n" +" finally:\n" +" print(f'it took {time.monotonic() - now}s to run')\n" +"\n" +"@timeit()\n" +"async def main():\n" +" # ... 异步代码 ..." + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:149 +msgid "" +"When used as a decorator, a new generator instance is implicitly created on " +"each function call. This allows the otherwise \"one-shot\" context managers " +"created by :func:`asynccontextmanager` to meet the requirement that context " +"managers support multiple invocations in order to be used as decorators." +msgstr "" +"用作装饰器时，每次函数调用都会隐式创建一个新的生成器实例。这使得由 :func:`asynccontextmanager` 创建的 “一次性” " +"上下文管理器能够满足作为装饰器所需要的支持多次调用的要求。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Async context managers created with :func:`asynccontextmanager` can be used " +"as decorators." +msgstr "使用 :func:`asynccontextmanager` 创建的异步上下文管理器可以用作装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Return a context manager that closes *thing* upon completion of the block. " +"This is basically equivalent to::" +msgstr "返回一个在语句块执行完成时关闭 *things* 的上下文管理器。这基本上等价于：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:164 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def closing(thing):\n" +" try:\n" +" yield thing\n" +" finally:\n" +" thing.close()" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def closing(thing):\n" +" try:\n" +" yield thing\n" +" finally:\n" +" thing.close()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:173 +msgid "And lets you write code like this::" +msgstr "并允许你编写这样的代码：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:175 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import closing\n" +"from urllib.request import urlopen\n" +"\n" +"with closing(urlopen('https://www.python.org')) as page:\n" +" for line in page:\n" +" print(line)" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import closing\n" +"from urllib.request import urlopen\n" +"\n" +"with closing(urlopen('https://www.python.org')) as page:\n" +" for line in page:\n" +" print(line)" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:182 +msgid "" +"without needing to explicitly close ``page``. Even if an error occurs, " +"``page.close()`` will be called when the :keyword:`with` block is exited." +msgstr "" +"而无需显式地关闭 ``page`` 。 即使发生错误，在退出 :keyword:`with` 语句块时， ``page.close()`` " +"也同样会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Most types managing resources support the :term:`context manager` protocol, " +"which closes *thing* on leaving the :keyword:`with` statement. As such, " +":func:`!closing` is most useful for third party types that don't support " +"context managers. This example is purely for illustration purposes, as " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` would normally be used in a context manager." +msgstr "" +"大多数管理资源的类型都支持 :term:`context manager` 协议，它在离开 :keyword:`with` 语句时将关闭 " +"*thing*。 因此，:func:`!closing` 对不支持上下文管理器的第三方类型是最有用的。 这个例子纯粹是为了说明问题，因为 " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` 通常都会在上下文管理器中使用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:196 +msgid "" +"Return an async context manager that calls the ``aclose()`` method of " +"*thing* upon completion of the block. This is basically equivalent to::" +msgstr "返回一个在语句块执行完成时调用 ``aclose()`` 方法来关闭 *things* 的异步上下文管理器。这基本上等价于：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:199 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import asynccontextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@asynccontextmanager\n" +"async def aclosing(thing):\n" +" try:\n" +" yield thing\n" +" finally:\n" +" await thing.aclose()" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import asynccontextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@asynccontextmanager\n" +"async def aclosing(thing):\n" +" try:\n" +" yield thing\n" +" finally:\n" +" await thing.aclose()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Significantly, ``aclosing()`` supports deterministic cleanup of async " +"generators when they happen to exit early by :keyword:`break` or an " +"exception. For example::" +msgstr "" +"重要的是，``aclosing()`` 支持在异步生成器因遭遇 :keyword:`break` 或异常而提前退出时对其执行确定性的清理。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:212 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import aclosing\n" +"\n" +"async with aclosing(my_generator()) as values:\n" +" async for value in values:\n" +" if value == 42:\n" +" break" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import aclosing\n" +"\n" +"async with aclosing(my_generator()) as values:\n" +" async for value in values:\n" +" if value == 42:\n" +" break" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:219 +msgid "" +"This pattern ensures that the generator's async exit code is executed in the" +" same context as its iterations (so that exceptions and context variables " +"work as expected, and the exit code isn't run after the lifetime of some " +"task it depends on)." +msgstr "" +"此模块将确保生成器的异步退出代码在与其迭代相同的上下文中执行（这样异常和上下文变量将能按预期工作，并且退出代码不会在其所依赖的某些任务的生命期结束后继续运行）。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Return a context manager that returns *enter_result* from ``__enter__``, but" +" otherwise does nothing. It is intended to be used as a stand-in for an " +"optional context manager, for example::" +msgstr "" +"返回一个从 ``__enter__`` 返回 *enter_result* " +"的上下文管理器，除此之外不执行任何操作。它旨在用于可选上下文管理器的一种替代，例如：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:235 +msgid "" +"def myfunction(arg, ignore_exceptions=False):\n" +" if ignore_exceptions:\n" +" # Use suppress to ignore all exceptions.\n" +" cm = contextlib.suppress(Exception)\n" +" else:\n" +" # Do not ignore any exceptions, cm has no effect.\n" +" cm = contextlib.nullcontext()\n" +" with cm:\n" +" # Do something" +msgstr "" +"def myfunction(arg, ignore_exceptions=False):\n" +" if ignore_exceptions:\n" +" # 使用 suppress 来忽略所有异常。\n" +" cm = contextlib.suppress(Exception)\n" +" else:\n" +" # 不忽略任何异常，cm 将没有影响。\n" +" cm = contextlib.nullcontext()\n" +" with cm:\n" +" # 执行某些操作" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:245 +msgid "An example using *enter_result*::" +msgstr "一个使用 *enter_result* 的例子：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:247 +msgid "" +"def process_file(file_or_path):\n" +" if isinstance(file_or_path, str):\n" +" # If string, open file\n" +" cm = open(file_or_path)\n" +" else:\n" +" # Caller is responsible for closing file\n" +" cm = nullcontext(file_or_path)\n" +"\n" +" with cm as file:\n" +" # Perform processing on the file" +msgstr "" +"def process_file(file_or_path):\n" +" if isinstance(file_or_path, str):\n" +" # If string, open file\n" +" cm = open(file_or_path)\n" +" else:\n" +" # 调用方要负责关闭文件\n" +" cm = nullcontext(file_or_path)\n" +"\n" +" with cm as file:\n" +" # 在文件上执行处理" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:258 +msgid "" +"It can also be used as a stand-in for :ref:`asynchronous context managers " +"`::" +msgstr "" +"它也可以替代 :ref:`asynchronous context managers ` ：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:261 +msgid "" +"async def send_http(session=None):\n" +" if not session:\n" +" # If no http session, create it with aiohttp\n" +" cm = aiohttp.ClientSession()\n" +" else:\n" +" # Caller is responsible for closing the session\n" +" cm = nullcontext(session)\n" +"\n" +" async with cm as session:\n" +" # Send http requests with session" +msgstr "" +"async def send_http(session=None):\n" +" if not session:\n" +" # 如果没有 http 会话，则使用 aiohttp 创建它\n" +" cm = aiohttp.ClientSession()\n" +" else:\n" +" # 调用方要负责关闭会话\n" +" cm = nullcontext(session)\n" +"\n" +" async with cm as session:\n" +" # 使用会话发送 http 请求" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:274 +msgid ":term:`asynchronous context manager` support was added." +msgstr "增加了对 :term:`asynchronous context manager` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Return a context manager that suppresses any of the specified exceptions if " +"they occur in the body of a :keyword:`!with` statement and then resumes " +"execution with the first statement following the end of the :keyword:`!with`" +" statement." +msgstr "" +"返回一个当指定的异常在 :keyword:`!with` 语句体中发生时会屏蔽它们然后从 :keyword:`!with` " +"语句结束后的第一条语言开始恢复执行的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:286 +msgid "" +"As with any other mechanism that completely suppresses exceptions, this " +"context manager should be used only to cover very specific errors where " +"silently continuing with program execution is known to be the right thing to" +" do." +msgstr "与完全抑制异常的任何其他机制一样，该上下文管理器应当只用来抑制非常具体的错误，并确保该场景下静默地继续执行程序是通用的正确做法。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:291 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:293 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import suppress\n" +"\n" +"with suppress(FileNotFoundError):\n" +" os.remove('somefile.tmp')\n" +"\n" +"with suppress(FileNotFoundError):\n" +" os.remove('someotherfile.tmp')" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import suppress\n" +"\n" +"with suppress(FileNotFoundError):\n" +" os.remove('somefile.tmp')\n" +"\n" +"with suppress(FileNotFoundError):\n" +" os.remove('someotherfile.tmp')" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:301 +msgid "This code is equivalent to::" +msgstr "这段代码等价于：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:303 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" os.remove('somefile.tmp')\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" os.remove('someotherfile.tmp')\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" os.remove('somefile.tmp')\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" os.remove('someotherfile.tmp')\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:313 ../../library/contextlib.rst:362 +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:372 ../../library/contextlib.rst:389 +msgid "This context manager is :ref:`reentrant `." +msgstr "该上下文管理器是 :ref:`reentrant ` 。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:315 +msgid "" +"If the code within the :keyword:`!with` block raises a " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`, suppressed exceptions are removed from the group." +" Any exceptions of the group which are not suppressed are re-raised in a " +"new group which is created using the original group's " +":meth:`~BaseExceptionGroup.derive` method." +msgstr "" +"如果 :keyword:`!with` 语句块内的代码引发了 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`，将从分组中移除被抑制的异常。 " +"该分组中任何未被抑制的异常会在一个使用原分组的 :meth:`~BaseExceptionGroup.derive` 方法创建的新分组中被重新引发。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:323 +msgid "" +"``suppress`` now supports suppressing exceptions raised as part of a " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "``suppress`` 现在支持抑制作为 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 的组成部分被引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Context manager for temporarily redirecting :data:`sys.stdout` to another " +"file or file-like object." +msgstr "用于将 :data:`sys.stdout` 临时重定向到一个文件或类文件对象的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:332 +msgid "" +"This tool adds flexibility to existing functions or classes whose output is " +"hardwired to stdout." +msgstr "该工具给已有的将输出硬编码写到 stdout 的函数或类提供了额外的灵活性。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:335 +msgid "" +"For example, the output of :func:`help` normally is sent to *sys.stdout*. " +"You can capture that output in a string by redirecting the output to an " +":class:`io.StringIO` object. The replacement stream is returned from the " +"``__enter__`` method and so is available as the target of the " +":keyword:`with` statement::" +msgstr "" +"例如， :func:`help` 的输出通常会被发送到 *sys.stdout*。 你可以通过将输出重定向到一个 " +":class:`io.StringIO` 对象来将该输出捕获到字符串。 替换的流是由 ``__enter__`` 返回的因此可以被用作 " +":keyword:`with` 语句的目标::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:341 +msgid "" +"with redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()) as f:\n" +" help(pow)\n" +"s = f.getvalue()" +msgstr "" +"with redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()) as f:\n" +" help(pow)\n" +"s = f.getvalue()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:345 +msgid "" +"To send the output of :func:`help` to a file on disk, redirect the output to" +" a regular file::" +msgstr "如果要把 :func:`help` 的输出写到磁盘上的一个文件，重定向该输出到一个常规文件：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:348 +msgid "" +"with open('help.txt', 'w') as f:\n" +" with redirect_stdout(f):\n" +" help(pow)" +msgstr "" +"with open('help.txt', 'w') as f:\n" +" with redirect_stdout(f):\n" +" help(pow)" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:352 +msgid "To send the output of :func:`help` to *sys.stderr*::" +msgstr "如果要把 :func:`help` 的输出写到 *sys.stderr* ：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:354 +msgid "" +"with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):\n" +" help(pow)" +msgstr "" +"with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):\n" +" help(pow)" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Note that the global side effect on :data:`sys.stdout` means that this " +"context manager is not suitable for use in library code and most threaded " +"applications. It also has no effect on the output of subprocesses. However, " +"it is still a useful approach for many utility scripts." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的点在于， :data:`sys.stdout` " +"的全局副作用意味着此上下文管理器不适合在库代码和大多数多线程应用程序中使用。它对子进程的输出没有影响。不过对于许多工具脚本而言，它仍然是一个有用的方法。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`~contextlib.redirect_stdout` but redirecting " +":data:`sys.stderr` to another file or file-like object." +msgstr "" +"与 :func:`~contextlib.redirect_stdout` 类似，不过是将 :data:`sys.stderr` " +"重定向到一个文件或类文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Non parallel-safe context manager to change the current working directory. " +"As this changes a global state, the working directory, it is not suitable " +"for use in most threaded or async contexts. It is also not suitable for most" +" non-linear code execution, like generators, where the program execution is " +"temporarily relinquished -- unless explicitly desired, you should not yield " +"when this context manager is active." +msgstr "" +"用于改变当前工作目录的非并行安全的上下文管理器。 由于这会改变一个全局状态，即工作目录，因此它不适合在大多数线程或异步上下文中使用。 " +"它也不适合大多数非线性的代码执行，比如生成器，在此类代码中程序的执行会被临时性挂起 -- 除非明确希望如此，当该上下文管理器被激活时你不应执行 " +"yield 语句。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:386 +msgid "" +"This is a simple wrapper around :func:`~os.chdir`, it changes the current " +"working directory upon entering and restores the old one on exit." +msgstr "这是一个对 :func:`~os.chdir` 的简单包装器，它会在进入时改变当前工作目录并在退出时恢复。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:396 +msgid "" +"A base class that enables a context manager to also be used as a decorator." +msgstr "一个使上下文管理器能用作装饰器的基类。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:398 +msgid "" +"Context managers inheriting from ``ContextDecorator`` have to implement " +"``__enter__`` and ``__exit__`` as normal. ``__exit__`` retains its optional " +"exception handling even when used as a decorator." +msgstr "" +"与往常一样，继承自 ``ContextDecorator``  的上下文管理器必须实现 ``__enter__`` 与 ``__exit__`` " +"。即使用作装饰器， ``__exit__`` 依旧会保持可能的异常处理。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:402 +msgid "" +"``ContextDecorator`` is used by :func:`contextmanager`, so you get this " +"functionality automatically." +msgstr "``ContextDecorator`` 被用在 :func:`contextmanager` 中，因此你自然获得了这项功能。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:405 +msgid "Example of ``ContextDecorator``::" +msgstr "``ContextDecorator`` 的示例::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:407 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import ContextDecorator\n" +"\n" +"class mycontext(ContextDecorator):\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" print('Starting')\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc):\n" +" print('Finishing')\n" +" return False" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import ContextDecorator\n" +"\n" +"class mycontext(ContextDecorator):\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" print('Starting')\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc):\n" +" print('Finishing')\n" +" return False" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:418 ../../library/contextlib.rst:490 +msgid "The class can then be used like this::" +msgstr "随后可以这样使用该类::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:420 +msgid "" +">>> @mycontext()\n" +"... def function():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +">>> function()\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing\n" +"\n" +">>> with mycontext():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing" +msgstr "" +">>> @mycontext()\n" +"... def function():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +">>> function()\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing\n" +"\n" +">>> with mycontext():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:436 +msgid "" +"This change is just syntactic sugar for any construct of the following " +"form::" +msgstr "这个改动只是针对如下形式的一个语法糖：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:438 +msgid "" +"def f():\n" +" with cm():\n" +" # Do stuff" +msgstr "" +"def f():\n" +" with cm():\n" +" # 执行操作" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:442 +msgid "``ContextDecorator`` lets you instead write::" +msgstr "``ContextDecorator`` 使得你可以这样改写：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:444 +msgid "" +"@cm()\n" +"def f():\n" +" # Do stuff" +msgstr "" +"@cm()\n" +"def f():\n" +" # 执行操作" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:448 +msgid "" +"It makes it clear that the ``cm`` applies to the whole function, rather than" +" just a piece of it (and saving an indentation level is nice, too)." +msgstr "这能清楚地表明， ``cm`` 作用于整个函数，而不仅仅是函数的一部分（同时也能保持不错的缩进层级）。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:451 +msgid "" +"Existing context managers that already have a base class can be extended by " +"using ``ContextDecorator`` as a mixin class::" +msgstr "现有的上下文管理器即使已经有基类，也可以使用 ``ContextDecorator`` 作为混合类进行扩展：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:454 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import ContextDecorator\n" +"\n" +"class mycontext(ContextBaseClass, ContextDecorator):\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc):\n" +" return False" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import ContextDecorator\n" +"\n" +"class mycontext(ContextBaseClass, ContextDecorator):\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc):\n" +" return False" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:464 +msgid "" +"As the decorated function must be able to be called multiple times, the " +"underlying context manager must support use in multiple :keyword:`with` " +"statements. If this is not the case, then the original construct with the " +"explicit :keyword:`!with` statement inside the function should be used." +msgstr "" +"由于被装饰的函数必须能够被多次调用，因此对应的上下文管理器必须支持在多个 :keyword:`with` " +"语句中使用。如果不是这样，则应当使用原来的具有显式 :keyword:`!with` 语句的形式使用该上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:474 +msgid "" +"Similar to :class:`ContextDecorator` but only for asynchronous functions." +msgstr "和 :class:`ContextDecorator` 类似，但是用于异步函数。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:476 +msgid "Example of ``AsyncContextDecorator``::" +msgstr "``AsyncContextDecorator`` 的示例::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:478 +msgid "" +"from asyncio import run\n" +"from contextlib import AsyncContextDecorator\n" +"\n" +"class mycontext(AsyncContextDecorator):\n" +" async def __aenter__(self):\n" +" print('Starting')\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" async def __aexit__(self, *exc):\n" +" print('Finishing')\n" +" return False" +msgstr "" +"from asyncio import run\n" +"from contextlib import AsyncContextDecorator\n" +"\n" +"class mycontext(AsyncContextDecorator):\n" +" async def __aenter__(self):\n" +" print('Starting')\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" async def __aexit__(self, *exc):\n" +" print('Finishing')\n" +" return False" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:492 +msgid "" +">>> @mycontext()\n" +"... async def function():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +">>> run(function())\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing\n" +"\n" +">>> async def function():\n" +"... async with mycontext():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +">>> run(function())\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing" +msgstr "" +">>> @mycontext()\n" +"... async def function():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +">>> run(function())\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing\n" +"\n" +">>> async def function():\n" +"... async with mycontext():\n" +"... print('The bit in the middle')\n" +"...\n" +">>> run(function())\n" +"Starting\n" +"The bit in the middle\n" +"Finishing" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:515 +msgid "" +"A context manager that is designed to make it easy to programmatically " +"combine other context managers and cleanup functions, especially those that " +"are optional or otherwise driven by input data." +msgstr "该上下文管理器的设计目标是使得在编码中组合其他上下文管理器和清理函数更加容易，尤其是那些可选的或由输入数据驱动的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:519 +msgid "" +"For example, a set of files may easily be handled in a single with statement" +" as follows::" +msgstr "例如，通过一个如下的 with 语句可以很容易处理一组文件：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:522 +msgid "" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]\n" +" # All opened files will automatically be closed at the end of\n" +" # the with statement, even if attempts to open files later\n" +" # in the list raise an exception" +msgstr "" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]\n" +" # 所有已打开的文件都将在 with 语句结束时\n" +" # 自动被关闭，即使此后打开列表中文件的\n" +" # 尝试引发了异常" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:528 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__enter__` method returns the :class:`ExitStack` " +"instance, and performs no additional operations." +msgstr ":meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法返回 :class:`ExitStack` 的实例，并且不会执行额外的操作。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Each instance maintains a stack of registered callbacks that are called in " +"reverse order when the instance is closed (either explicitly or implicitly " +"at the end of a :keyword:`with` statement). Note that callbacks are *not* " +"invoked implicitly when the context stack instance is garbage collected." +msgstr "" +"每个实例维护一个注册了一组回调的栈，这些回调在实例关闭时以相反的顺序被调用（显式或隐式地在 :keyword:`with` " +"语句的末尾）。请注意，当一个栈实例被垃圾回收时，这些回调将 *不会* 被隐式调用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:536 +msgid "" +"This stack model is used so that context managers that acquire their " +"resources in their ``__init__`` method (such as file objects) can be handled" +" correctly." +msgstr "通过使用这个基于栈的模型，那些通过 ``__init__`` 方法获取资源的上下文管理器（如文件对象）能够被正确处理。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Since registered callbacks are invoked in the reverse order of registration," +" this ends up behaving as if multiple nested :keyword:`with` statements had " +"been used with the registered set of callbacks. This even extends to " +"exception handling - if an inner callback suppresses or replaces an " +"exception, then outer callbacks will be passed arguments based on that " +"updated state." +msgstr "" +"由于注册的回调函数是按照与注册相反的顺序调用的，因此最终的行为就像多个嵌套的 :keyword:`with` " +"语句用在这些注册的回调函数上。这个行为甚至扩展到了异常处理：如果内部的回调函数抑制或替换了异常，则外部回调收到的参数是基于该更新后的状态得到的。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:547 +msgid "" +"This is a relatively low level API that takes care of the details of " +"correctly unwinding the stack of exit callbacks. It provides a suitable " +"foundation for higher level context managers that manipulate the exit stack " +"in application specific ways." +msgstr "" +"这是一个相对底层的 " +"API，它负责正确处理栈里回调退出时依次展开的细节。它为相对高层的上下文管理器提供了一个合适的基础，使得它能根据应用程序的需求使用特定方式操作栈。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:556 +msgid "" +"Enters a new context manager and adds its :meth:`~object.__exit__` method to" +" the callback stack. The return value is the result of the context manager's" +" own :meth:`~object.__enter__` method." +msgstr "" +"进入一个新的上下文管理器并将其 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法添加到回调栈中。 返回值是该上下文管理器自己的 " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法的输出结果。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:560 +msgid "" +"These context managers may suppress exceptions just as they normally would " +"if used directly as part of a :keyword:`with` statement." +msgstr "这些上下文管理器可能会屏蔽异常就如当它们作为 :keyword:`with` 语句的一部分直接使用时通常表现的行为一样。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`TypeError` instead of :exc:`AttributeError` if *cm* is not a " +"context manager." +msgstr "如果 *cm* 不是上下文管理器则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 而不是 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:569 +msgid "" +"Adds a context manager's :meth:`~object.__exit__` method to the callback " +"stack." +msgstr "将一个上下文管理器的 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法添加到回调栈。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:571 +msgid "" +"As ``__enter__`` is *not* invoked, this method can be used to cover part of " +"an :meth:`~object.__enter__` implementation with a context manager's own " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method." +msgstr "" +"由于 ``__enter__`` *没有* 被唤起，此方法可以被用来通过一个上下文管理器自己的 :meth:`~object.__exit__` " +"方法覆盖一部分 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 的实现。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:575 +msgid "" +"If passed an object that is not a context manager, this method assumes it is" +" a callback with the same signature as a context manager's " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method and adds it directly to the callback stack." +msgstr "" +"如果传入了一个不是上下文管理器的对象，此方法将假定它是一个具有与上下文管理器的 :meth:`~object.__exit__` " +"方法相同的签名的回调并会直接将其添加到回调栈中。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:579 +msgid "" +"By returning true values, these callbacks can suppress exceptions the same " +"way context manager :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods can." +msgstr "通过返回真值，这些回调可以通过与上下文管理器的 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法相同的方式抑制异常。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:582 +msgid "" +"The passed in object is returned from the function, allowing this method to " +"be used as a function decorator." +msgstr "传入的对象将被该函数返回，允许此方法作为函数装饰器使用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Accepts an arbitrary callback function and arguments and adds it to the " +"callback stack." +msgstr "接受一个任意的回调函数和参数并将其添加到回调栈。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Unlike the other methods, callbacks added this way cannot suppress " +"exceptions (as they are never passed the exception details)." +msgstr "与其他方法不同，通过此方式添加的回调无法屏蔽异常（因为异常的细节不会被传递给它们）。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:593 +msgid "" +"The passed in callback is returned from the function, allowing this method " +"to be used as a function decorator." +msgstr "传入的回调将被该函数返回，允许此方法作为函数装饰器使用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:598 +msgid "" +"Transfers the callback stack to a fresh :class:`ExitStack` instance and " +"returns it. No callbacks are invoked by this operation - instead, they will " +"now be invoked when the new stack is closed (either explicitly or implicitly" +" at the end of a :keyword:`with` statement)." +msgstr "" +"将回调栈传输到一个新的 :class:`ExitStack` 实例并返回它。 此操作不会唤起任何回调 —— " +"作为替代，现在当新栈被关闭时它们将（显式地或是在一条 :keyword:`with` 语句结束时隐式地）被唤起。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:603 +msgid "" +"For example, a group of files can be opened as an \"all or nothing\" " +"operation as follows::" +msgstr "例如，一组文件可以像下面这样以“一个都不能少”的操作方式被打开::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:606 +msgid "" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]\n" +" # Hold onto the close method, but don't call it yet.\n" +" close_files = stack.pop_all().close\n" +" # If opening any file fails, all previously opened files will be\n" +" # closed automatically. If all files are opened successfully,\n" +" # they will remain open even after the with statement ends.\n" +" # close_files() can then be invoked explicitly to close them all." +msgstr "" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in filenames]\n" +" # 持有 close 方法，但暂时不调用它。\n" +" close_files = stack.pop_all().close\n" +" # 如果任何文件打开失败，则所有之前打开的文件\n" +" # 将自动被关闭。 如果所有文件都被成功地打开，\n" +" # 即使在 with 语句结束后它们仍将保持打开状态。\n" +" # 随后可以显式唤起 close_files() 来全部关闭它们。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:617 +msgid "" +"Immediately unwinds the callback stack, invoking callbacks in the reverse " +"order of registration. For any context managers and exit callbacks " +"registered, the arguments passed in will indicate that no exception " +"occurred." +msgstr "立即展开回调栈，按注册时的相反顺序唤起其中的回调。 对于任何已注册的上下文管理器和退出回调，传入的参数将表明没有发生异常。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:624 +msgid "" +"An :ref:`asynchronous context manager `, similar to " +":class:`ExitStack`, that supports combining both synchronous and " +"asynchronous context managers, as well as having coroutines for cleanup " +"logic." +msgstr "" +"一个 :ref:`异步上下文管理器 `，类似于 " +":class:`ExitStack`，它支持组合同步和异步上下文管理器，并拥有针对清理逻辑的协程。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:629 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~ExitStack.close` method is not implemented; :meth:`aclose` must " +"be used instead." +msgstr ":meth:`~ExitStack.close` 方法未实现，必须改用 :meth:`aclose`。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:635 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`ExitStack.enter_context` but expects an asynchronous " +"context manager." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`ExitStack.enter_context` 但是需要一个异步上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:638 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`TypeError` instead of :exc:`AttributeError` if *cm* is not an " +"asynchronous context manager." +msgstr "如果 *cm* 不是异步上下文管理器则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 而不是 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`ExitStack.push` but expects either an asynchronous context" +" manager or a coroutine function." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`ExitStack.push` 但是需要一个异步上下文管理器或协程函数。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:649 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`ExitStack.callback` but expects a coroutine function." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`ExitStack.callback` 但是需要一个协程函数。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:654 +msgid "Similar to :meth:`ExitStack.close` but properly handles awaitables." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`ExitStack.close` 但是能正确处理可等待对象。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:656 +msgid "Continuing the example for :func:`asynccontextmanager`::" +msgstr "从 :func:`asynccontextmanager` 的例子继续：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:658 +msgid "" +"async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:\n" +" connections = [await stack.enter_async_context(get_connection())\n" +" for i in range(5)]\n" +" # All opened connections will automatically be released at the end of\n" +" # the async with statement, even if attempts to open a connection\n" +" # later in the list raise an exception." +msgstr "" +"async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:\n" +" connections = [await stack.enter_async_context(get_connection())\n" +" for i in range(5)]\n" +" # 所有已打开连接都将在 async with 语句结束时\n" +" # 自动被关闭，即使此后打开列表中连接的尝试\n" +" # 引发了异常。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:668 +msgid "Examples and Recipes" +msgstr "例子和配方" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:670 +msgid "" +"This section describes some examples and recipes for making effective use of" +" the tools provided by :mod:`contextlib`." +msgstr "本节描述了一些用于有效利用 :mod:`contextlib` 所提供的工具的示例和步骤说明。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:675 +msgid "Supporting a variable number of context managers" +msgstr "支持可变数量的上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:677 +msgid "" +"The primary use case for :class:`ExitStack` is the one given in the class " +"documentation: supporting a variable number of context managers and other " +"cleanup operations in a single :keyword:`with` statement. The variability " +"may come from the number of context managers needed being driven by user " +"input (such as opening a user specified collection of files), or from some " +"of the context managers being optional::" +msgstr "" +":class:`ExitStack` 的主要应用场景已在该类的文档中给出：在单个 :keyword:`with` " +"语句中支持可变数量的上下文管理器和其他清理操作。 " +"这个可变性可以来自通过用户输入驱动所需的上下文管理器数量（例如打开用户所指定的文件集），或者来自将某些上下文管理器作为可选项。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:684 +msgid "" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" for resource in resources:\n" +" stack.enter_context(resource)\n" +" if need_special_resource():\n" +" special = acquire_special_resource()\n" +" stack.callback(release_special_resource, special)\n" +" # Perform operations that use the acquired resources" +msgstr "" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" for resource in resources:\n" +" stack.enter_context(resource)\n" +" if need_special_resource():\n" +" special = acquire_special_resource()\n" +" stack.callback(release_special_resource, special)\n" +" # 执行使用了所获取资源的操作" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:692 +msgid "" +"As shown, :class:`ExitStack` also makes it quite easy to use :keyword:`with`" +" statements to manage arbitrary resources that don't natively support the " +"context management protocol." +msgstr "" +"如上所示，:class:`ExitStack` 还让使用 :keyword:`with` 语句来管理任意非原生支持上下文管理协议的资源变得相当容易。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:698 +msgid "Catching exceptions from ``__enter__`` methods" +msgstr "捕获 ``__enter__`` 方法产生的异常" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:700 +msgid "" +"It is occasionally desirable to catch exceptions from an ``__enter__`` " +"method implementation, *without* inadvertently catching exceptions from the " +":keyword:`with` statement body or the context manager's ``__exit__`` method." +" By using :class:`ExitStack` the steps in the context management protocol " +"can be separated slightly in order to allow this::" +msgstr "" +"有时人们会想要从 ``__enter__`` 方法的实现中捕获异常，而 *不会* 无意中捕获来自 :keyword:`with` 语句体或上下文管理器的" +" ``__exit__`` 方法的异常。 通过使用 :class:`ExitStack` 可以将上下文管理协议中的步骤稍微分开以允许这样做::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:706 +msgid "" +"stack = ExitStack()\n" +"try:\n" +" x = stack.enter_context(cm)\n" +"except Exception:\n" +" # handle __enter__ exception\n" +"else:\n" +" with stack:\n" +" # Handle normal case" +msgstr "" +"stack = ExitStack()\n" +"try:\n" +" x = stack.enter_context(cm)\n" +"except Exception:\n" +" # 处理 __enter__ 异常\n" +"else:\n" +" with stack:\n" +" # 处理正常情况" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:715 +msgid "" +"Actually needing to do this is likely to indicate that the underlying API " +"should be providing a direct resource management interface for use with " +":keyword:`try`/:keyword:`except`/:keyword:`finally` statements, but not all " +"APIs are well designed in that regard. When a context manager is the only " +"resource management API provided, then :class:`ExitStack` can make it easier" +" to handle various situations that can't be handled directly in a " +":keyword:`with` statement." +msgstr "" +"实际上需要这样做很可能表明下层的 API 应该提供一个直接的资源管理接口以便与 " +":keyword:`try`/:keyword:`except`/:keyword:`finally` 语句配合使用，但并不是所有的 API " +"在这方面都设计得很好。 当上下文管理器是所提供的唯一资源管理 API 时，则 :class:`ExitStack` 可以让处理各种无法在 " +":keyword:`with` 语句中直接处理的情况变得更为容易。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:725 +msgid "Cleaning up in an ``__enter__`` implementation" +msgstr "在一个 ``__enter__`` 方法的实现中进行清理" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:727 +msgid "" +"As noted in the documentation of :meth:`ExitStack.push`, this method can be " +"useful in cleaning up an already allocated resource if later steps in the " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` implementation fail." +msgstr "" +"正如 :meth:`ExitStack.push` 的文档中指出的，如果在 :meth:`~object.__enter__` " +"实现中的后续步骤失败则此方法将可被用于清理已分配的资源。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:731 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of doing this for a context manager that accepts resource " +"acquisition and release functions, along with an optional validation " +"function, and maps them to the context management protocol::" +msgstr "下面是为一个上下文管理器做这件事的例子，该上下文管理器可接受资源获取和释放函数，以及可选的验证函数，并将它们映射到上下文管理协议::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:735 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager, AbstractContextManager, ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"class ResourceManager(AbstractContextManager):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, acquire_resource, release_resource, check_resource_ok=None):\n" +" self.acquire_resource = acquire_resource\n" +" self.release_resource = release_resource\n" +" if check_resource_ok is None:\n" +" def check_resource_ok(resource):\n" +" return True\n" +" self.check_resource_ok = check_resource_ok\n" +"\n" +" @contextmanager\n" +" def _cleanup_on_error(self):\n" +" with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" stack.push(self)\n" +" yield\n" +" # The validation check passed and didn't raise an exception\n" +" # Accordingly, we want to keep the resource, and pass it\n" +" # back to our caller\n" +" stack.pop_all()\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" resource = self.acquire_resource()\n" +" with self._cleanup_on_error():\n" +" if not self.check_resource_ok(resource):\n" +" msg = \"Failed validation for {!r}\"\n" +" raise RuntimeError(msg.format(resource))\n" +" return resource\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc_details):\n" +" # We don't need to duplicate any of our resource release logic\n" +" self.release_resource()" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager, AbstractContextManager, ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"class ResourceManager(AbstractContextManager):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, acquire_resource, release_resource, check_resource_ok=None):\n" +" self.acquire_resource = acquire_resource\n" +" self.release_resource = release_resource\n" +" if check_resource_ok is None:\n" +" def check_resource_ok(resource):\n" +" return True\n" +" self.check_resource_ok = check_resource_ok\n" +"\n" +" @contextmanager\n" +" def _cleanup_on_error(self):\n" +" with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" stack.push(self)\n" +" yield\n" +" # 验证检测通过且没有引发异常\n" +" # 相应地，我们想要保留资源，并将其\n" +" # 回传给调用方\n" +" stack.pop_all()\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" resource = self.acquire_resource()\n" +" with self._cleanup_on_error():\n" +" if not self.check_resource_ok(resource):\n" +" msg = \"Failed validation for {!r}\"\n" +" raise RuntimeError(msg.format(resource))\n" +" return resource\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc_details):\n" +" # 我们不需要复制任何的资源释放逻辑\n" +" self.release_resource()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:771 +msgid "Replacing any use of ``try-finally`` and flag variables" +msgstr "替换任何对 ``try-finally`` 和旗标变量的使用" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:773 +msgid "" +"A pattern you will sometimes see is a ``try-finally`` statement with a flag " +"variable to indicate whether or not the body of the ``finally`` clause " +"should be executed. In its simplest form (that can't already be handled just" +" by using an ``except`` clause instead), it looks something like this::" +msgstr "" +"一种你有时将看到的模式是 ``try-finally`` 语句附带一个旗标变量来指明 ``finally`` 子句体是否要被执行。 " +"在其最简单的形式中（它无法仅仅通过改用一条 ``except`` 子句来预先处理），看起来会是这样::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:778 +msgid "" +"cleanup_needed = True\n" +"try:\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" cleanup_needed = False\n" +"finally:\n" +" if cleanup_needed:\n" +" cleanup_resources()" +msgstr "" +"cleanup_needed = True\n" +"try:\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" cleanup_needed = False\n" +"finally:\n" +" if cleanup_needed:\n" +" cleanup_resources()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:787 +msgid "" +"As with any ``try`` statement based code, this can cause problems for " +"development and review, because the setup code and the cleanup code can end " +"up being separated by arbitrarily long sections of code." +msgstr "就如任何基于 ``try`` 语句的代码一样，这可能会导致开发和审查方面的问题，因为设置代码和清理代码最终可能会被任意长的代码部分所分隔。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:791 +msgid "" +":class:`ExitStack` makes it possible to instead register a callback for " +"execution at the end of a ``with`` statement, and then later decide to skip " +"executing that callback::" +msgstr "" +":class:`ExitStack` 将允许选择在一条 ``with`` 语句末尾注册一个用于执行的回调的替代方式，等以后再决定是否跳过该回调的执行::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:795 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" stack.callback(cleanup_resources)\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" stack.pop_all()" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" stack.callback(cleanup_resources)\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" stack.pop_all()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:803 +msgid "" +"This allows the intended cleanup behaviour to be made explicit up front, " +"rather than requiring a separate flag variable." +msgstr "这允许在事先显式地指明预期的清理行为，而不需要一个单独的旗标变量。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:806 +msgid "" +"If a particular application uses this pattern a lot, it can be simplified " +"even further by means of a small helper class::" +msgstr "如果某个应用程序大量使用此模式，则可以通过使用一个较小的辅助类来进一步地简化它::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:809 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"class Callback(ExitStack):\n" +" def __init__(self, callback, /, *args, **kwds):\n" +" super().__init__()\n" +" self.callback(callback, *args, **kwds)\n" +"\n" +" def cancel(self):\n" +" self.pop_all()\n" +"\n" +"with Callback(cleanup_resources) as cb:\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" cb.cancel()" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"class Callback(ExitStack):\n" +" def __init__(self, callback, /, *args, **kwds):\n" +" super().__init__()\n" +" self.callback(callback, *args, **kwds)\n" +"\n" +" def cancel(self):\n" +" self.pop_all()\n" +"\n" +"with Callback(cleanup_resources) as cb:\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" cb.cancel()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:824 +msgid "" +"If the resource cleanup isn't already neatly bundled into a standalone " +"function, then it is still possible to use the decorator form of " +":meth:`ExitStack.callback` to declare the resource cleanup in advance::" +msgstr "" +"如果资源清理操作尚未完善地捆绑到一个独立的函数中，则仍然可以使用 :meth:`ExitStack.callback` " +"的装饰器形式来提前声明资源清理::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:829 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" @stack.callback\n" +" def cleanup_resources():\n" +" ...\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" stack.pop_all()" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +"\n" +"with ExitStack() as stack:\n" +" @stack.callback\n" +" def cleanup_resources():\n" +" ...\n" +" result = perform_operation()\n" +" if result:\n" +" stack.pop_all()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:839 +msgid "" +"Due to the way the decorator protocol works, a callback function declared " +"this way cannot take any parameters. Instead, any resources to be released " +"must be accessed as closure variables." +msgstr "受装饰器协议工作方式的影响，以此方式声明的回调函数无法接受任何形参。 作为替代，任何要释放的资源必须作为闭包变量来访问。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:845 +msgid "Using a context manager as a function decorator" +msgstr "将上下文管理器作为函数装饰器使用" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:847 +msgid "" +":class:`ContextDecorator` makes it possible to use a context manager in both" +" an ordinary ``with`` statement and also as a function decorator." +msgstr ":class:`ContextDecorator` 类允许将上下文管理器作为函数装饰器使用，而不仅在 ``with`` 语句块中使用。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:850 +msgid "" +"For example, it is sometimes useful to wrap functions or groups of " +"statements with a logger that can track the time of entry and time of exit." +" Rather than writing both a function decorator and a context manager for " +"the task, inheriting from :class:`ContextDecorator` provides both " +"capabilities in a single definition::" +msgstr "" +"例如，有时将函数或语句组包装在一个可以跟踪进入和退出时间的记录器中是很有用的。 与其为任务同时编写函数装饰器和上下文管理器，不如继承 " +":class:`ContextDecorator` 在一个定义中同时提供这两种能力::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:856 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import ContextDecorator\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n" +"\n" +"class track_entry_and_exit(ContextDecorator):\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" logging.info('Entering: %s', self.name)\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, exc_tb):\n" +" logging.info('Exiting: %s', self.name)" +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import ContextDecorator\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n" +"\n" +"class track_entry_and_exit(ContextDecorator):\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" logging.info('Entering: %s', self.name)\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, exc_tb):\n" +" logging.info('Exiting: %s', self.name)" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:871 +msgid "Instances of this class can be used as both a context manager::" +msgstr "这个类的实例既可以被用作上下文管理器：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:873 +msgid "" +"with track_entry_and_exit('widget loader'):\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" +msgstr "" +"with track_entry_and_exit('widget loader'):\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:877 +msgid "And also as a function decorator::" +msgstr "也可以被用作函数装饰器：" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:879 +msgid "" +"@track_entry_and_exit('widget loader')\n" +"def activity():\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" +msgstr "" +"@track_entry_and_exit('widget loader')\n" +"def activity():\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:884 +msgid "" +"Note that there is one additional limitation when using context managers as " +"function decorators: there's no way to access the return value of " +":meth:`~object.__enter__`. If that value is needed, then it is still " +"necessary to use an explicit ``with`` statement." +msgstr "" +"请注意当使用上下文管理器作为函数装饰器时有一个额外的限制：没有任何办法可以访问 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 的返回值。 " +"如果需要该值，那么你仍然需要使用显式的 ``with`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:891 +msgid ":pep:`343` - The \"with\" statement" +msgstr ":pep:`343` - \"with\" 语句" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:892 +msgid "" +"The specification, background, and examples for the Python :keyword:`with` " +"statement." +msgstr "Python :keyword:`with` 语句的规范描述、背景和示例。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:898 +msgid "Single use, reusable and reentrant context managers" +msgstr "单独使用，可重用并可重进入的上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:900 +msgid "" +"Most context managers are written in a way that means they can only be used " +"effectively in a :keyword:`with` statement once. These single use context " +"managers must be created afresh each time they're used - attempting to use " +"them a second time will trigger an exception or otherwise not work " +"correctly." +msgstr "" +"大多数上下文管理器的编写方式意味着它们只能在一个 :keyword:`with` 语句中被有效使用一次。 " +"这些一次性使用的上下文管理器必须在每次被使用时重新创建 —— 试图第二次使用它们将会触发异常或是不能正确工作。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:906 +msgid "" +"This common limitation means that it is generally advisable to create " +"context managers directly in the header of the :keyword:`with` statement " +"where they are used (as shown in all of the usage examples above)." +msgstr "" +"这个常见的限制意味着通常来说都建议在 :keyword:`with` 语句开头上下文管理器被使用的位置直接创建它们（如下面所有的使用示例所显示的）。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:910 +msgid "" +"Files are an example of effectively single use context managers, since the " +"first :keyword:`with` statement will close the file, preventing any further " +"IO operations using that file object." +msgstr "" +"文件是一个高效的单次使用上下文管理器的例子，因为第一个 :keyword:`with` 语句将关闭文件，防止任何后续的使用该文件对象的 IO 操作。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:914 +msgid "" +"Context managers created using :func:`contextmanager` are also single use " +"context managers, and will complain about the underlying generator failing " +"to yield if an attempt is made to use them a second time::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`contextmanager` " +"创建的上下文管理器也是单次使用的上下文管理器，并会在试图第二次使用它们时报告下层生成器无法执行产生操作::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:918 +msgid "" +">>> from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +">>> @contextmanager\n" +"... def singleuse():\n" +"... print(\"Before\")\n" +"... yield\n" +"... print(\"After\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> cm = singleuse()\n" +">>> with cm:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +"Before\n" +"After\n" +">>> with cm:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"RuntimeError: generator didn't yield" +msgstr "" +">>> from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +">>> @contextmanager\n" +"... def singleuse():\n" +"... print(\"Before\")\n" +"... yield\n" +"... print(\"After\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> cm = singleuse()\n" +">>> with cm:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +"Before\n" +"After\n" +">>> with cm:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"RuntimeError: generator didn't yield" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:942 +msgid "Reentrant context managers" +msgstr "重进入上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:944 +msgid "" +"More sophisticated context managers may be \"reentrant\". These context " +"managers can not only be used in multiple :keyword:`with` statements, but " +"may also be used *inside* a :keyword:`!with` statement that is already using" +" the same context manager." +msgstr "" +"更复杂的上下文管理器可以“重进入”。 这些上下文管理器不但可以被用于多个 :keyword:`with` " +"语句中，还可以被用于已经在使用同一个上下文管理器的 :keyword:`!with` 语句 *内部*。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:949 +msgid "" +":class:`threading.RLock` is an example of a reentrant context manager, as " +"are :func:`suppress`, :func:`redirect_stdout`, and :func:`chdir`. Here's a " +"very simple example of reentrant use::" +msgstr "" +":class:`threading.RLock` 是一个可重入上下文管理器的例子，:func:`suppress`, " +":func:`redirect_stdout` 和 :func:`chdir` 也是。 下面是一个非常简单的使用重入的示例::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:953 +msgid "" +">>> from contextlib import redirect_stdout\n" +">>> from io import StringIO\n" +">>> stream = StringIO()\n" +">>> write_to_stream = redirect_stdout(stream)\n" +">>> with write_to_stream:\n" +"... print(\"This is written to the stream rather than stdout\")\n" +"... with write_to_stream:\n" +"... print(\"This is also written to the stream\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(\"This is written directly to stdout\")\n" +"This is written directly to stdout\n" +">>> print(stream.getvalue())\n" +"This is written to the stream rather than stdout\n" +"This is also written to the stream" +msgstr "" +">>> from contextlib import redirect_stdout\n" +">>> from io import StringIO\n" +">>> stream = StringIO()\n" +">>> write_to_stream = redirect_stdout(stream)\n" +">>> with write_to_stream:\n" +"... print(\"This is written to the stream rather than stdout\")\n" +"... with write_to_stream:\n" +"... print(\"This is also written to the stream\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(\"This is written directly to stdout\")\n" +"This is written directly to stdout\n" +">>> print(stream.getvalue())\n" +"This is written to the stream rather than stdout\n" +"This is also written to the stream" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:968 +msgid "" +"Real world examples of reentrancy are more likely to involve multiple " +"functions calling each other and hence be far more complicated than this " +"example." +msgstr "现实世界的可重入例子更可能涉及到多个函数的相互调用因此会比这个例子要复杂得多。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:972 +msgid "" +"Note also that being reentrant is *not* the same thing as being thread safe." +" :func:`redirect_stdout`, for example, is definitely not thread safe, as it " +"makes a global modification to the system state by binding " +":data:`sys.stdout` to a different stream." +msgstr "" +"还要注意可重入与线程安全 *不是* 一回事。 举例来说，:func:`redirect_stdout` 肯定不是线程安全的，因为它会通过将 " +":data:`sys.stdout` 绑定到一个不同的流对系统状态做了全局性的修改。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:981 +msgid "Reusable context managers" +msgstr "可重用的上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Distinct from both single use and reentrant context managers are " +"\"reusable\" context managers (or, to be completely explicit, \"reusable, " +"but not reentrant\" context managers, since reentrant context managers are " +"also reusable). These context managers support being used multiple times, " +"but will fail (or otherwise not work correctly) if the specific context " +"manager instance has already been used in a containing with statement." +msgstr "" +"与单次使用和可重入上下文管理器都不同的还有“可重用”上下文管理器（或者，使用完全显式的表达应为“可重用，但不可重入”上下文管理器，因为可重入上下文管理器也会是可重用的）。" +" 这些上下文管理器支持多次使用，但如果特定的上下文管理器实例已经在包含它的 with 语句中被使用过则将失败（或者不能正确工作）。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:990 +msgid "" +":class:`threading.Lock` is an example of a reusable, but not reentrant, " +"context manager (for a reentrant lock, it is necessary to use " +":class:`threading.RLock` instead)." +msgstr "" +":class:`threading.Lock` 是一个可重用，但是不可重入的上下文管理器的例子（对于可重入锁，则有必要使用 " +":class:`threading.RLock` 来代替）。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:994 +msgid "" +"Another example of a reusable, but not reentrant, context manager is " +":class:`ExitStack`, as it invokes *all* currently registered callbacks when " +"leaving any with statement, regardless of where those callbacks were added::" +msgstr "" +"另一个可重用，但不可重入的上下文管理器的例子是 :class:`ExitStack`，因为它在离开任何 with 语句时会唤起 *所有* " +"当前已注册的回调，不论回调是在哪里添加的::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:999 +msgid "" +">>> from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +">>> stack = ExitStack()\n" +">>> with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from first context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving first context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving first context\n" +"Callback: from first context\n" +">>> with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from second context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving second context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving second context\n" +"Callback: from second context\n" +">>> with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from outer context\")\n" +"... with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving outer context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving inner context\n" +"Callback: from inner context\n" +"Callback: from outer context\n" +"Leaving outer context" +msgstr "" +">>> from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +">>> stack = ExitStack()\n" +">>> with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from first context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving first context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving first context\n" +"Callback: from first context\n" +">>> with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from second context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving second context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving second context\n" +"Callback: from second context\n" +">>> with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from outer context\")\n" +"... with stack:\n" +"... stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving outer context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving inner context\n" +"Callback: from inner context\n" +"Callback: from outer context\n" +"Leaving outer context" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"As the output from the example shows, reusing a single stack object across " +"multiple with statements works correctly, but attempting to nest them will " +"cause the stack to be cleared at the end of the innermost with statement, " +"which is unlikely to be desirable behaviour." +msgstr "" +"正如这个例子的输出所显示的，在多个 with 语句中重用一个单独的栈对象可以正确工作，但调试嵌套它们就将导致栈在最内层的 with " +"语句结束时被清空，这不大可能是符合期望的行为。" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"Using separate :class:`ExitStack` instances instead of reusing a single " +"instance avoids that problem::" +msgstr "使用单独的 :class:`ExitStack` 实例而不是重复使用一个实例可以避免此问题::" + +#: ../../library/contextlib.rst:1033 +msgid "" +">>> from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +">>> with ExitStack() as outer_stack:\n" +"... outer_stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from outer context\")\n" +"... with ExitStack() as inner_stack:\n" +"... inner_stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving outer context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving inner context\n" +"Callback: from inner context\n" +"Leaving outer context\n" +"Callback: from outer context" +msgstr "" +">>> from contextlib import ExitStack\n" +">>> with ExitStack() as outer_stack:\n" +"... outer_stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from outer context\")\n" +"... with ExitStack() as inner_stack:\n" +"... inner_stack.callback(print, \"Callback: from inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving inner context\")\n" +"... print(\"Leaving outer context\")\n" +"...\n" +"Leaving inner context\n" +"Callback: from inner context\n" +"Leaving outer context\n" +"Callback: from outer context" diff --git a/library/contextvars.po b/library/contextvars.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4859dd272 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/contextvars.po @@ -0,0 +1,524 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# zeroswan , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-19 01:00+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:57+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!contextvars` --- Context Variables" +msgstr ":mod:`!contextvars` --- 上下文变量" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module provides APIs to manage, store, and access context-local state." +" The :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` class is used to declare and work " +"with *Context Variables*. The :func:`~contextvars.copy_context` function " +"and the :class:`~contextvars.Context` class should be used to manage the " +"current context in asynchronous frameworks." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供了相关API用于管理、存储和访问上下文相关的状态。 :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` 类用于声明 " +"*上下文变量* 并与其一起使用。函数 :func:`~contextvars.copy_context`  和类 " +":class:`~contextvars.Context` 用于管理当前上下文和异步框架中。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Context managers that have state should use Context Variables instead of " +":func:`threading.local` to prevent their state from bleeding to other code " +"unexpectedly, when used in concurrent code." +msgstr "" +"当在并发代码中使用时，有状态的上下文管理器应当使用上下文变量而不是 :func:`threading.local` " +"以防止它们的状态意外地泄露到其他代码中。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:21 +msgid "See also :pep:`567` for additional details." +msgstr "更多信息参见 :pep:`567` 。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:27 +msgid "Context Variables" +msgstr "上下文变量" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:31 +msgid "This class is used to declare a new Context Variable, e.g.::" +msgstr "此类用于声明一个新的上下文变量，如::" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:33 +msgid "var: ContextVar[int] = ContextVar('var', default=42)" +msgstr "var: ContextVar[int] = ContextVar('var', default=42)" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:35 +msgid "" +"The required *name* parameter is used for introspection and debug purposes." +msgstr "*name* 参数用于内省和调试，必需。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The optional keyword-only *default* parameter is returned by " +":meth:`ContextVar.get` when no value for the variable is found in the " +"current context." +msgstr "调用 :meth:`ContextVar.get` 时，如果上下文中没有找到此变量的值，则返回可选的仅命名参数 *default* 。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:42 +msgid "" +"**Important:** Context Variables should be created at the top module level " +"and never in closures. :class:`Context` objects hold strong references to " +"context variables which prevents context variables from being properly " +"garbage collected." +msgstr "" +"**重要：** 上下文变量应该在顶级模块中创建，且永远不要在闭包中创建。 :class:`Context` " +"对象拥有对上下文变量的强引用，这可以让上下文变量被垃圾收集器正确回收。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:49 +msgid "The name of the variable. This is a read-only property." +msgstr "上下文变量的名称，只读属性。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:55 +msgid "Return a value for the context variable for the current context." +msgstr "返回当前上下文中此上下文变量的值。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:57 +msgid "" +"If there is no value for the variable in the current context, the method " +"will:" +msgstr "如果当前上下文中此变量没有值，则此方法会:" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:60 +msgid "" +"return the value of the *default* argument of the method, if provided; or" +msgstr "如果提供了 *default*，返回其值；或者" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:63 +msgid "" +"return the default value for the context variable, if it was created with " +"one; or" +msgstr "返回上下文变量本身的默认值， 如果创建此上下文变量时提供了默认值；或者" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:66 +msgid "raise a :exc:`LookupError`." +msgstr "抛出 :exc:`LookupError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Call to set a new value for the context variable in the current context." +msgstr "调用此方法设置上下文变量在当前上下文中的值。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:73 +msgid "" +"The required *value* argument is the new value for the context variable." +msgstr "必选参数 *value* 是上下文变量的新值。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Returns a :class:`~contextvars.Token` object that can be used to restore the" +" variable to its previous value via the :meth:`ContextVar.reset` method." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`~contextvars.Token`  对象，可通过 :meth:`ContextVar.reset` " +"方法将上下文变量还原为之前某个状态。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Reset the context variable to the value it had before the " +":meth:`ContextVar.set` that created the *token* was used." +msgstr "将上下文变量重置为调用 :meth:`ContextVar.set` 之前、创建 *token* 时候的状态。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:85 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:87 +msgid "" +"var = ContextVar('var')\n" +"\n" +"token = var.set('new value')\n" +"# code that uses 'var'; var.get() returns 'new value'.\n" +"var.reset(token)\n" +"\n" +"# After the reset call the var has no value again, so\n" +"# var.get() would raise a LookupError." +msgstr "" +"var = ContextVar('var')\n" +"\n" +"token = var.set('new value')\n" +"# 使用 'var' 的代码；var.get() 将返回 'new value'。\n" +"var.reset(token)\n" +"\n" +"# 在重置调用之后 var 将不再有值，\n" +"# 因此 var.get() 将引发一个 LookupError。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:99 +msgid "" +"*Token* objects are returned by the :meth:`ContextVar.set` method. They can " +"be passed to the :meth:`ContextVar.reset` method to revert the value of the " +"variable to what it was before the corresponding *set*." +msgstr "" +":meth:`ContextVar.set` 方法返回 *Token* 对象。此对象可以传递给 :meth:`ContextVar.reset` " +"方法用于将上下文变量还原为调用 *set* 前的状态。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:106 +msgid "" +"A read-only property. Points to the :class:`ContextVar` object that created" +" the token." +msgstr "只读属性。指向创建此 token 的 :class:`ContextVar` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:111 +msgid "" +"A read-only property. Set to the value the variable had before the " +":meth:`ContextVar.set` method call that created the token. It points to " +":attr:`Token.MISSING` if the variable was not set before the call." +msgstr "" +"一个只读属性。 会被设为在创建此令牌的 :meth:`ContextVar.set` 方法调用之前该变量所具有的值。 " +"如果调用之前变量没有设置值则它会指令 :attr:`Token.MISSING`。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:118 +msgid "A marker object used by :attr:`Token.old_value`." +msgstr ":attr:`Token.old_value` 会用到的一个标记对象。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:122 +msgid "Manual Context Management" +msgstr "手动上下文管理" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:126 +msgid "Returns a copy of the current :class:`~contextvars.Context` object." +msgstr "返回当前上下文中 :class:`~contextvars.Context` 对象的拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:128 +msgid "" +"The following snippet gets a copy of the current context and prints all " +"variables and their values that are set in it::" +msgstr "以下代码片段会获取当前上下文的拷贝并打印设置到其中的所有变量及其值::" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:131 +msgid "" +"ctx: Context = copy_context()\n" +"print(list(ctx.items()))" +msgstr "" +"ctx: Context = copy_context()\n" +"print(list(ctx.items()))" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:134 +msgid "" +"The function has an *O*\\ (1) complexity, i.e. works equally fast for " +"contexts with a few context variables and for contexts that have a lot of " +"them." +msgstr "此函数具有 *O*\\ (1) 复杂度，也就是说对于只包含几个上下文变量和很多上下文变量的情况运行速度是相同的。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:141 +msgid "A mapping of :class:`ContextVars ` to their values." +msgstr ":class:`ContextVars ` 与其值的映射。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:143 +msgid "" +"``Context()`` creates an empty context with no values in it. To get a copy " +"of the current context use the :func:`~contextvars.copy_context` function." +msgstr "" +"``Context()`` 创建一个不包含任何值的空上下文。如果要获取当前上下文的拷贝，使用 " +":func:`~contextvars.copy_context` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Each thread has its own effective stack of :class:`!Context` objects. The " +":term:`current context` is the :class:`!Context` object at the top of the " +"current thread's stack. All :class:`!Context` objects in the stacks are " +"considered to be *entered*." +msgstr "" +"每个线程有它自己在用的 :class:`!Context` 对象栈。 :term:`current context` 是位于当前线程的栈的顶部的 " +":class:`!Context` 对象。 栈中所有的 :class:`!Context` 对象都被视为是 *进入过的*。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:152 +msgid "" +"*Entering* a context, which can be done by calling its :meth:`~Context.run` " +"method, makes the context the current context by pushing it onto the top of " +"the current thread's context stack." +msgstr "" +"*进入* 一个上下文，这可以通过调用其 :meth:`~Context.run` 方法来完成，将把该上下文推入当前线程的栈的顶部使它成为当前上下文。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:156 +msgid "" +"*Exiting* from the current context, which can be done by returning from the " +"callback passed to the :meth:`~Context.run` method, restores the current " +"context to what it was before the context was entered by popping the context" +" off the top of the context stack." +msgstr "" +"*退出* 当前上下文，这可以通过从传给 :meth:`~Context.run` " +"方法的回调退出，通过将该上下文弹出上下文栈的顶部将当前上下文恢复至该上下文被进入之前的上下文来完成。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Since each thread has its own context stack, :class:`ContextVar` objects " +"behave in a similar fashion to :func:`threading.local` when values are " +"assigned in different threads." +msgstr "" +"由于每个线程都有它自己的上下文栈，:class:`ContextVar` 对象的行为类似于 :func:`threading.local` " +"在不同线程中赋值时的行为。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Attempting to enter an already entered context, including contexts entered " +"in other threads, raises a :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "尝试进入一个已被进入的上下文，包括在其他线程中被进入的上下文，将会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:168 +msgid "After exiting a context, it can later be re-entered (from any thread)." +msgstr "在退出一个上下文之后，它可以在稍后被重新进入（从任何线程）。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Any changes to :class:`ContextVar` values via the :meth:`ContextVar.set` " +"method are recorded in the current context. The :meth:`ContextVar.get` " +"method returns the value associated with the current context. Exiting a " +"context effectively reverts any changes made to context variables while the " +"context was entered (if needed, the values can be restored by re-entering " +"the context)." +msgstr "" +"任何通过 :meth:`ContextVar.set` 方法对 :class:`ContextVar` 值的修改都将在当前上下文中被记录。 " +":meth:`ContextVar.get` 方法将返回关联到当前上下文的值。 " +"退出一个上下文肯定会撤销在进入该上下文期间对上下文变量的任何修改（如有必要，这些值可通过重新进入相应的上下文来恢复）。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:177 +msgid "Context implements the :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` interface." +msgstr "Context 实现了 :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 接口。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Enters the Context, executes ``callable(*args, **kwargs)``, then exits the " +"Context. Returns *callable*'s return value, or propagates an exception if " +"one occurred." +msgstr "" +"进入 Context，执行 ``callable(*args, **kwargs)``，然后退出 Context。 返回 *callable* " +"的返回值，或者如果发生了异常则传播该异常。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:185 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:187 +msgid "" +"import contextvars\n" +"\n" +"var = contextvars.ContextVar('var')\n" +"var.set('spam')\n" +"print(var.get()) # 'spam'\n" +"\n" +"ctx = contextvars.copy_context()\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" # 'var' was set to 'spam' before\n" +" # calling 'copy_context()' and 'ctx.run(main)', so:\n" +" print(var.get()) # 'spam'\n" +" print(ctx[var]) # 'spam'\n" +"\n" +" var.set('ham')\n" +"\n" +" # Now, after setting 'var' to 'ham':\n" +" print(var.get()) # 'ham'\n" +" print(ctx[var]) # 'ham'\n" +"\n" +"# Any changes that the 'main' function makes to 'var'\n" +"# will be contained in 'ctx'.\n" +"ctx.run(main)\n" +"\n" +"# The 'main()' function was run in the 'ctx' context,\n" +"# so changes to 'var' are contained in it:\n" +"print(ctx[var]) # 'ham'\n" +"\n" +"# However, outside of 'ctx', 'var' is still set to 'spam':\n" +"print(var.get()) # 'spam'" +msgstr "" +"import contextvars\n" +"\n" +"var = contextvars.ContextVar('var')\n" +"var.set('spam')\n" +"print(var.get()) # 'spam'\n" +"\n" +"ctx = contextvars.copy_context()\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" # 在调用 'copy_context()' 和 'ctx.run(main)' 之前\n" +" # 'var' 被设为 'spam'，因此：\n" +" print(var.get()) # 'spam'\n" +" print(ctx[var]) # 'spam'\n" +"\n" +" var.set('ham')\n" +"\n" +" # 在将 'var' 设为 'ham' 之后：\n" +" print(var.get()) # 'ham'\n" +" print(ctx[var]) # 'ham'\n" +"\n" +"# 'main' 函数对 'var' 的任何修改\n" +"# 都将包含在 'ctx' 中。\n" +"ctx.run(main)\n" +"\n" +"# 'main()' 函数是在 'ctx' 上下文中运行的，\n" +"# 因此对 'var' 的修改将包含在其中：\n" +"print(ctx[var]) # 'ham'\n" +"\n" +"# 不过，在 'ctx' 之外，'var' 仍为 'spam'：\n" +"print(var.get()) # 'spam'" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:233 +msgid "Return a shallow copy of the context object." +msgstr "返回此上下文对象的浅拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the *context* has a value for *var* set; return ``False``" +" otherwise." +msgstr "如果 *context* 中含有名称为 *var* 的变量，返回 ``True``， 否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:242 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the *var* :class:`ContextVar` variable. If the variable " +"is not set in the context object, a :exc:`KeyError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"返回名称为 *var* 的 :class:`ContextVar` 变量。如果上下文对象中不包含这个变量，则抛出 :exc:`KeyError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:248 +msgid "" +"Return the value for *var* if *var* has the value in the context object. " +"Return *default* otherwise. If *default* is not given, return ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *var* 在上下文对象中具有值则返回 *var* 的值。 在其他情况下返回 *default*。 如果未给出 *default* 则返回 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:254 +msgid "Return an iterator over the variables stored in the context object." +msgstr "返回一个存储在上下文对象中的变量的迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:259 +msgid "Return the number of variables set in the context object." +msgstr "返回上下文对象中所设的变量的数量。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:263 +msgid "Return a list of all variables in the context object." +msgstr "返回上下文对象中的所有变量的列表。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:267 +msgid "Return a list of all variables' values in the context object." +msgstr "返回上下文对象中所有变量值的列表。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Return a list of 2-tuples containing all variables and their values in the " +"context object." +msgstr "返回包含上下文对象中所有变量及其值的 2 元组的列表。" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:277 +msgid "asyncio support" +msgstr "asyncio 支持" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Context variables are natively supported in :mod:`asyncio` and are ready to " +"be used without any extra configuration. For example, here is a simple echo" +" server, that uses a context variable to make the address of a remote client" +" available in the Task that handles that client::" +msgstr "" +"上下文变量在 :mod:`asyncio` 中有原生的支持并且无需任何额外配置即可被使用。 " +"例如，以下是一个简单的回显服务器，它使用上下文变量来让远程客户端的地址在处理该客户端的 Task 中可用::" + +#: ../../library/contextvars.rst:285 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import contextvars\n" +"\n" +"client_addr_var = contextvars.ContextVar('client_addr')\n" +"\n" +"def render_goodbye():\n" +" # The address of the currently handled client can be accessed\n" +" # without passing it explicitly to this function.\n" +"\n" +" client_addr = client_addr_var.get()\n" +" return f'Good bye, client @ {client_addr}\\r\\n'.encode()\n" +"\n" +"async def handle_request(reader, writer):\n" +" addr = writer.transport.get_extra_info('socket').getpeername()\n" +" client_addr_var.set(addr)\n" +"\n" +" # In any code that we call is now possible to get\n" +" # client's address by calling 'client_addr_var.get()'.\n" +"\n" +" while True:\n" +" line = await reader.readline()\n" +" print(line)\n" +" if not line.strip():\n" +" break\n" +"\n" +" writer.write(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n') # status line\n" +" writer.write(b'\\r\\n') # headers\n" +" writer.write(render_goodbye()) # body\n" +" writer.close()\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" srv = await asyncio.start_server(\n" +" handle_request, '127.0.0.1', 8081)\n" +"\n" +" async with srv:\n" +" await srv.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# To test it you can use telnet or curl:\n" +"# telnet 127.0.0.1 8081\n" +"# curl 127.0.0.1:8081" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"import contextvars\n" +"\n" +"client_addr_var = contextvars.ContextVar('client_addr')\n" +"\n" +"def render_goodbye():\n" +" # 可直接访问当前处理的客户端地址\n" +" # 而无需显式地将其传给此函数。\n" +"\n" +" client_addr = client_addr_var.get()\n" +" return f'Good bye, client @ {client_addr}\\r\\n'.encode()\n" +"\n" +"async def handle_request(reader, writer):\n" +" addr = writer.transport.get_extra_info('socket').getpeername()\n" +" client_addr_var.set(addr)\n" +"\n" +" # 现在将可以在我们所调用的任何代码中通过\n" +" # 'client_addr_var.get()' 调用来获取客户端地址。\n" +"\n" +" while True:\n" +" line = await reader.readline()\n" +" print(line)\n" +" if not line.strip():\n" +" break\n" +"\n" +" writer.write(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n') # 状态行\n" +" writer.write(b'\\r\\n') # 标头\n" +" writer.write(render_goodbye()) # 消息体\n" +" writer.close()\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" srv = await asyncio.start_server(\n" +" handle_request, '127.0.0.1', 8081)\n" +"\n" +" async with srv:\n" +" await srv.serve_forever()\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())\n" +"\n" +"# 要进行测试你可以使用 telnet 或 curl：\n" +"# telnet 127.0.0.1 8081\n" +"# curl 127.0.0.1:8081" diff --git a/library/copy.po b/library/copy.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3da39819b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/copy.po @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# Josh Ouyang , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!copy` --- Shallow and deep copy operations" +msgstr ":mod:`!copy` --- 浅层及深层拷贝操作" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/copy.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/copy.py`" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Assignment statements in Python do not copy objects, they create bindings " +"between a target and an object. For collections that are mutable or contain " +"mutable items, a copy is sometimes needed so one can change one copy without" +" changing the other. This module provides generic shallow and deep copy " +"operations (explained below)." +msgstr "" +"Python " +"的赋值语句不复制对象，而是创建目标和对象的绑定关系。对于自身可变，或包含可变项的集合，有时要生成副本用于改变操作，而不必改变原始对象。本模块提供了通用的浅层复制和深层复制操作，（如下所述）。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:18 +msgid "Interface summary:" +msgstr "接口摘要：" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:22 +msgid "Return a shallow copy of *obj*." +msgstr "返回 *obj* 的浅拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:27 +msgid "Return a deep copy of *obj*." +msgstr "返回 *obj* 的深拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Creates a new object of the same type as *obj*, replacing fields with values" +" from *changes*." +msgstr "新建一个与 *obj* 类型相同的对象，使用来自 *changes* 的值替换字段。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:40 +msgid "Raised for module specific errors." +msgstr "针对模块特定错误引发。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The difference between shallow and deep copying is only relevant for " +"compound objects (objects that contain other objects, like lists or class " +"instances):" +msgstr "浅层与深层复制的区别仅与复合对象（即包含列表或类的实例等其他对象的对象）相关：" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:47 +msgid "" +"A *shallow copy* constructs a new compound object and then (to the extent " +"possible) inserts *references* into it to the objects found in the original." +msgstr "*浅层复制* 构造一个新的复合对象，然后（在尽可能的范围内）将原始对象中找到的对象的 *引用* 插入其中。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:50 +msgid "" +"A *deep copy* constructs a new compound object and then, recursively, " +"inserts *copies* into it of the objects found in the original." +msgstr "*深层复制* 构造一个新的复合对象，然后，递归地将在原始对象里找到的对象的 *副本* 插入其中。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Two problems often exist with deep copy operations that don't exist with " +"shallow copy operations:" +msgstr "深度复制操作通常存在两个问题, 而浅层复制操作并不存在这些问题：" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Recursive objects (compound objects that, directly or indirectly, contain a " +"reference to themselves) may cause a recursive loop." +msgstr "递归对象 (直接或间接包含对自身引用的复合对象) 可能会导致递归循环。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Because deep copy copies everything it may copy too much, such as data which" +" is intended to be shared between copies." +msgstr "由于深层复制会复制所有内容，因此可能会过多复制（例如本应该在副本之间共享的数据）。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:62 +msgid "The :func:`deepcopy` function avoids these problems by:" +msgstr ":func:`deepcopy` 函数用以下方式避免了这些问题：" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:64 +msgid "" +"keeping a ``memo`` dictionary of objects already copied during the current " +"copying pass; and" +msgstr "保留在当前复制过程中已复制的对象的 \"备忘录\" （``memo``） 字典；以及" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:67 +msgid "" +"letting user-defined classes override the copying operation or the set of " +"components copied." +msgstr "允许用户定义的类重写复制操作或复制的组件集合。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:70 +msgid "" +"This module does not copy types like module, method, stack trace, stack " +"frame, file, socket, window, or any similar types. It does \"copy\" " +"functions and classes (shallow and deeply), by returning the original object" +" unchanged; this is compatible with the way these are treated by the " +":mod:`pickle` module." +msgstr "" +"此模块不会复制模块、方法、栈追踪、栈帧、文件、套接字、窗口以及任何相似的类型。 它会通过不加修改地返回原始对象来（浅层或深层地）“复制”函数和类；这与 " +":mod:`pickle` 模块处理这类问题的方式是兼容的。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Shallow copies of dictionaries can be made using :meth:`dict.copy`, and of " +"lists by assigning a slice of the entire list, for example, ``copied_list = " +"original_list[:]``." +msgstr "" +"制作字典的浅层复制可以使用 :meth:`dict.copy` " +"方法，而制作列表的浅层复制可以通过赋值整个列表的切片完成，例如，``copied_list = original_list[:]``。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Classes can use the same interfaces to control copying that they use to " +"control pickling. See the description of module :mod:`pickle` for " +"information on these methods. In fact, the :mod:`copy` module uses the " +"registered pickle functions from the :mod:`copyreg` module." +msgstr "" +"类可以使用与控制序列化（pickling）操作相同的接口来控制复制操作，关于这些方法的描述信息请参考 :mod:`pickle` " +"模块。实际上，:mod:`copy` 模块使用的正是从 :mod:`copyreg` 模块中注册的 pickle 函数。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:92 +msgid "" +"In order for a class to define its own copy implementation, it can define " +"special methods :meth:`~object.__copy__` and :meth:`~object.__deepcopy__`." +msgstr "" +"为了让一个类能够定义它自己的拷贝实现，它可以定义特殊方法 :meth:`~object.__copy__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__deepcopy__`。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Called to implement the shallow copy operation; no additional arguments are " +"passed." +msgstr "调用以实现浅拷贝操作；无须传入任何额外参数。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Called to implement the deep copy operation; it is passed one argument, the " +"*memo* dictionary. If the ``__deepcopy__`` implementation needs to make a " +"deep copy of a component, it should call the :func:`~copy.deepcopy` function" +" with the component as first argument and the *memo* dictionary as second " +"argument. The *memo* dictionary should be treated as an opaque object." +msgstr "" +"调用以实现深拷贝操作；它将传入一个参数，即 *memo* 字典。 如果 ``__deepcopy__`` 实现需要创建一个组件的深拷贝，它应当调用 " +":func:`~copy.deepcopy` 函数并将该组件作为第一个参数而将 *memo* 字典作为第二个参数。 *memo* " +"字典应当被当作不透明对象来处理。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Function :func:`!copy.replace` is more limited than :func:`~copy.copy` and " +":func:`~copy.deepcopy`, and only supports named tuples created by " +":func:`~collections.namedtuple`, :mod:`dataclasses`, and other classes which" +" define method :meth:`~object.__replace__`." +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`!copy.replace` 相比 :func:`~copy.copy` 和 :func:`~copy.deepcopy` " +"受到更多的限制，并且仅支持由 :func:`~collections.namedtuple` 创建的元组, :mod:`dataclasses` " +"及其他定义了 :meth:`~object.__replace__` 方法的类。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:122 +msgid "" +"This method should create a new object of the same type, replacing fields " +"with values from *changes*." +msgstr "此函数应当新建一个具有相同类型的对象，使用来自 *changes* 的值替换字段。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:128 +msgid "Module :mod:`pickle`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`pickle`" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Discussion of the special methods used to support object state retrieval and" +" restoration." +msgstr "讨论了支持对象状态检索和恢复的特殊方法。" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:79 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:79 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:86 +msgid "__copy__() (copy protocol)" +msgstr "__copy__() (拷贝协议)" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:86 +msgid "__deepcopy__() (copy protocol)" +msgstr "__deepcopy__() (拷贝协议)" + +#: ../../library/copy.rst:111 +msgid "__replace__() (replace protocol)" +msgstr "__replace__() (replace 协议)" diff --git a/library/copyreg.po b/library/copyreg.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2323ffb5c --- /dev/null +++ b/library/copyreg.po @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!copyreg` --- Register :mod:`!pickle` support functions" +msgstr ":mod:`!copyreg` --- 注册 :mod:`!pickle` 支持函数" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/copyreg.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/copyreg.py`" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`copyreg` module offers a way to define functions used while " +"pickling specific objects. The :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`copy` modules use " +"those functions when pickling/copying those objects. The module provides " +"configuration information about object constructors which are not classes. " +"Such constructors may be factory functions or class instances." +msgstr "" +":mod:`copyreg` 模块提供了可在封存特定对象时使用的一种定义函数方式。 :mod:`pickle` 和 :mod:`copy` " +"模块会在封存/拷贝特定对象时使用这些函数。 此模块提供了非类对象构造器的相关配置信息。 这样的构造器可以是工厂函数或类实例。" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Declares *object* to be a valid constructor. If *object* is not callable " +"(and hence not valid as a constructor), raises :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"将 *object* 声明为一个有效的构造器。 如果 *object* 是不可调用的（因而不是一个有效的构造器）则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Declares that *function* should be used as a \"reduction\" function for " +"objects of type *type*. *function* must return either a string or a tuple " +"containing between two and six elements. See the " +":attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table` for more details on the interface of " +"*function*." +msgstr "" +"声明 *function* 应当被用作 *type* 类型的对象的“归约”函数。 *function* 必须返回一个字符串或包含二至六个元素的元组。 " +"请参阅 :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table` 了解有关 *function* 的接口的更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:35 +msgid "" +"The *constructor_ob* parameter is a legacy feature and is now ignored, but " +"if passed it must be a callable." +msgstr "*constructor_ob* 形参是一个旧式特性并且现在会被忽略，但如果传入则它必须为一个可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Note that the :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table` attribute of a pickler " +"object or subclass of :class:`pickle.Pickler` can also be used for declaring" +" reduction functions." +msgstr "" +"请注意一个 pickler 或 :class:`pickle.Pickler` 的子类的 " +":attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table` 属性也可以被用来声明约归函数。" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:43 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The example below would like to show how to register a pickle function and " +"how it will be used:" +msgstr "以下示例将会显示如何注册一个封存函数，以及如何来使用它：" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:9 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:9 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../library/copyreg.rst:9 +msgid "copy" +msgstr "copy" diff --git a/library/crypt.po b/library/crypt.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24c1278be --- /dev/null +++ b/library/crypt.po @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`crypt` --- Function to check Unix passwords" +msgstr ":mod:`crypt` —— 验证 Unix 口令的函数" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:13 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/crypt.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/struct.py`" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`crypt` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#crypt>` for " +"details and alternatives). The :mod:`hashlib` module is a potential " +"replacement for certain use cases. The :pypi:`passlib` package can replace " +"all use cases of this module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`crypt` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#crypt>` 了解详情及其替代品）。 " +":mod:`hashlib` 模块是针对特定应用场景的潜在替换物。 :pypi:`passlib` 包可以替代此模块的所有应用场景。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:27 +msgid "" +"This module implements an interface to the :manpage:`crypt(3)` routine, " +"which is a one-way hash function based upon a modified DES algorithm; see " +"the Unix man page for further details. Possible uses include storing hashed" +" passwords so you can check passwords without storing the actual password, " +"or attempting to crack Unix passwords with a dictionary." +msgstr "" +"本模块实现了连接 :manpage:`crypt(3)` 的接口，是一个基于改进 DES 算法的单向散列函数；更多细节请参阅 Unix man " +"手册。可能的用途包括保存经过哈希的口令，这样就可以在不存储实际口令的情况下对其进行验证，或者尝试用字典来破解 Unix 口令。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Notice that the behavior of this module depends on the actual implementation" +" of the :manpage:`crypt(3)` routine in the running system. Therefore, any " +"extensions available on the current implementation will also be available " +"on this module." +msgstr "请注意，本模块的执行取决于当前系统中 :manpage:`crypt(3)` 的实际实现。 因此，当前实现版本可用的扩展均可在本模块使用。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:40 +msgid ":ref:`Availability `: Unix, not VxWorks." +msgstr ":ref:`可用性 `: Unix，不包括 VxWorks。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid ":ref:`Availability `: not Emscripten, not WASI." +msgstr ":ref:`可用性 `: 非 Emscripten，非 WASI。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms " +"``wasm32-emscripten`` and ``wasm32-wasi``. See :ref:`wasm-availability` for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 WebAssembly 平台 ``wasm32-emscripten`` 和 ``wasm32-wasi`` 上不适用或不可用。 请参阅 " +":ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:45 +msgid "Hashing Methods" +msgstr "哈希方法" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`crypt` module defines the list of hashing methods (not all methods" +" are available on all platforms):" +msgstr ":mod:`crypt` 模块定义了哈希方法的列表（不是所有的方法在所有平台上都可用）。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:54 +msgid "" +"A Modular Crypt Format method with 16 character salt and 86 character hash " +"based on the SHA-512 hash function. This is the strongest method." +msgstr "基于 SHA-512 哈希函数的模块化加密格式方法，具备 16 个字符的 salt 和 86个字符的哈希算法。这是最强的哈希算法。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Another Modular Crypt Format method with 16 character salt and 43 character " +"hash based on the SHA-256 hash function." +msgstr "另一种基于 SHA-256 哈希函数的模块化加密格式方法，具备 16 个字符的 salt 和 43 个字符的哈希算法。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Another Modular Crypt Format method with 22 character salt and 31 character " +"hash based on the Blowfish cipher." +msgstr "另一种基于 Blowfish 的模块化加密格式方法，有 22 个字符的 salt 和 31 个字符的哈希算法。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Another Modular Crypt Format method with 8 character salt and 22 character " +"hash based on the MD5 hash function." +msgstr "另一种基于 MD5 哈希函数的模块化加密格式方法，具备 8 个字符的 salt 和 22 个字符的哈希算法。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:76 +msgid "" +"The traditional method with a 2 character salt and 13 characters of hash. " +"This is the weakest method." +msgstr "传统的方法，具备 2 个字符的 salt 和 13 个字符的哈希算法。这是最弱的方法。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:81 +msgid "Module Attributes" +msgstr "模块属性" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:87 +msgid "" +"A list of available password hashing algorithms, as ``crypt.METHOD_*`` " +"objects. This list is sorted from strongest to weakest." +msgstr "可用口令哈希算法的列表，形式为 ``crypt.METHOD_*`` 对象。该列表从最强到最弱进行排序。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:93 +msgid "Module Functions" +msgstr "模块函数" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:95 +msgid "The :mod:`crypt` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`crypt` 模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:99 +msgid "" +"*word* will usually be a user's password as typed at a prompt or in a " +"graphical interface. The optional *salt* is either a string as returned " +"from :func:`mksalt`, one of the ``crypt.METHOD_*`` values (though not all " +"may be available on all platforms), or a full encrypted password including " +"salt, as returned by this function. If *salt* is not provided, the " +"strongest method available in :attr:`methods` will be used." +msgstr "" +"*word* 通常将是用户在提示符或图形界面上输入的口令。 可选参数 *salt* 要么是 :func:`mksalt` 所返回的字符串，即 " +"``crypt.METHOD_*`` 值之一（尽管不是在所有平台上都可用），要么就是一个包括 salt 的完全加密的口令，与本函数的返回值一样。 " +"如果未给出 *salt*，则将使用 :attr:`methods` 中提供的最强方法。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Checking a password is usually done by passing the plain-text password as " +"*word* and the full results of a previous :func:`crypt` call, which should " +"be the same as the results of this call." +msgstr "查验口令通常是传入纯文本密码 *word* ，和之前 :func:`crypt` 调用的结果进行比较，应该与本次调用的结果相同。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:110 +msgid "" +"*salt* (either a random 2 or 16 character string, possibly prefixed with " +"``$digit$`` to indicate the method) which will be used to perturb the " +"encryption algorithm. The characters in *salt* must be in the set " +"``[./a-zA-Z0-9]``, with the exception of Modular Crypt Format which prefixes" +" a ``$digit$``." +msgstr "" +"*salt* (随机的 2 或 16 个字符的字符串，可能带有 ``$digit{TX-PL-LABEL}#x60;`` 前缀以提示相关方法) " +"将被用来扰乱加密算法。 *salt* 中的字符必须在 ``[./a-zA-Z0-9]`` 集合中，但 Modular Crypt Format " +"除外，它会带有 ``$digit{TX-PL-LABEL}#x60;`` 前缀。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Returns the hashed password as a string, which will be composed of " +"characters from the same alphabet as the salt." +msgstr "返回哈希后的口令字符串，将由 salt 所在字母表中的字符组成。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Since a few :manpage:`crypt(3)` extensions allow different values, with " +"different sizes in the *salt*, it is recommended to use the full crypted " +"password as salt when checking for a password." +msgstr "" +"由于有些 :manpage:`crypt(3)` 扩展可以接受各种大小的 *salt* 值，建议在查验口令时采用完整的加密后口令作为 salt。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:125 +msgid "Accept ``crypt.METHOD_*`` values in addition to strings for *salt*." +msgstr "除了字符串之外， *salt* 还可接受 ``crypt.METHOD_*`` 值。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Return a randomly generated salt of the specified method. If no *method* is" +" given, the strongest method available in :attr:`methods` is used." +msgstr "" +"返回用指定方法随机生成的 salt 值。 如果没有给出 *method*，则会使用 :attr:`methods` 中提供的最强方法。is used." + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:135 +msgid "" +"The return value is a string suitable for passing as the *salt* argument to " +":func:`crypt`." +msgstr "返回一个字符串，可用作传入 :func:`crypt` 的 *salt* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:138 +msgid "" +"*rounds* specifies the number of rounds for ``METHOD_SHA256``, " +"``METHOD_SHA512`` and ``METHOD_BLOWFISH``. For ``METHOD_SHA256`` and " +"``METHOD_SHA512`` it must be an integer between ``1000`` and " +"``999_999_999``, the default is ``5000``. For ``METHOD_BLOWFISH`` it must " +"be a power of two between ``16`` (2\\ :sup:`4`) and ``2_147_483_648`` (2\\ " +":sup:`31`), the default is ``4096`` (2\\ :sup:`12`)." +msgstr "" +"*rounds* 指定了 ``METHOD_SHA256``, ``METHOD_SHA512`` 和 ``METHOD_BLOWFISH`` " +"的循环次数。 对于 ``METHOD_SHA256`` 和 ``METHOD_SHA512`` 而言，必须为介于 ``1000`` 和 " +"``999_999_999`` 之间的整数，默认值为 ``5000``。 而对于 ``METHOD_BLOWFISH``，则必须为 ``16`` " +"(2\\ :sup:`4`) 和 ``2_147_483_648`` (2\\ :sup:`31`) 之间的二的幂，默认值为 ``4096`` (2\\" +" :sup:`12`)。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:148 +msgid "Added the *rounds* parameter." +msgstr "加入 *rounds* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:153 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:155 +msgid "" +"A simple example illustrating typical use (a constant-time comparison " +"operation is needed to limit exposure to timing attacks. " +":func:`hmac.compare_digest` is suitable for this purpose)::" +msgstr "" +"以下简单示例演示了典型用法（需要一个时间固定的比较操作来限制留给计时攻击的暴露面。 :func:`hmac.compare_digest` 即很适用）：" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:175 +msgid "" +"To generate a hash of a password using the strongest available method and " +"check it against the original::" +msgstr "采用当前强度最高的方法生成哈希值，并与原口令进行核对：" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:15 ../../library/crypt.rst:33 +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:119 +msgid "crypt(3)" +msgstr "crypt(3)" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:15 +msgid "cipher" +msgstr "cipher" + +#: ../../library/crypt.rst:15 +msgid "DES" +msgstr "DES" diff --git a/library/crypto.po b/library/crypto.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2e491f1e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/crypto.po @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/crypto.rst:5 +msgid "Cryptographic Services" +msgstr "加密服务" + +#: ../../library/crypto.rst:9 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter implement various algorithms of a " +"cryptographic nature. They are available at the discretion of the " +"installation. Here's an overview:" +msgstr "本章中介绍的模块实现了多种加密性质的算法。 它们可在安装时选择使用。 以下是内容概要：" + +#: ../../library/crypto.rst:7 +msgid "cryptography" +msgstr "密码" diff --git a/library/csv.po b/library/csv.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..957a6bd51 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/csv.po @@ -0,0 +1,984 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# 开 方 , 2021 +# wsyxbcl , 2021 +# Chang Ye , 2021 +# Hissy , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!csv` --- CSV File Reading and Writing" +msgstr ":mod:`!csv` --- CSV 文件读写" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/csv.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/csv.py`" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The so-called CSV (Comma Separated Values) format is the most common import " +"and export format for spreadsheets and databases. CSV format was used for " +"many years prior to attempts to describe the format in a standardized way in" +" :rfc:`4180`. The lack of a well-defined standard means that subtle " +"differences often exist in the data produced and consumed by different " +"applications. These differences can make it annoying to process CSV files " +"from multiple sources. Still, while the delimiters and quoting characters " +"vary, the overall format is similar enough that it is possible to write a " +"single module which can efficiently manipulate such data, hiding the details" +" of reading and writing the data from the programmer." +msgstr "" +"CSV (Comma Separated Values) 格式是电子表格和数据库中最常见的输入、输出文件格式。在 :rfc:`4180` " +"规范推出的很多年前，CSV 格式就已经被开始使用了，由于当时并没有合理的标准，不同应用程序读写的数据会存在细微的差别。这种差别让处理多个来源的 CSV " +"文件变得困难。但尽管分隔符会变化，此类文件的大致格式是相似的，所以编写一个单独的模块以高效处理此类数据，将程序员从读写数据的繁琐细节中解放出来是有可能的。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`csv` module implements classes to read and write tabular data in " +"CSV format. It allows programmers to say, \"write this data in the format " +"preferred by Excel,\" or \"read data from this file which was generated by " +"Excel,\" without knowing the precise details of the CSV format used by " +"Excel. Programmers can also describe the CSV formats understood by other " +"applications or define their own special-purpose CSV formats." +msgstr "" +":mod:`csv` 模块实现了 CSV 格式表单数据的读写。其提供了诸如“以兼容 Excel 的方式输出数据文件”或“读取 Excel " +"程序输出的数据文件”的功能，程序员无需知道 Excel 所采用 CSV 格式的细节。此模块同样可以用于定义其他应用程序可用的 CSV " +"格式或定义特定需求的 CSV 格式。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:35 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`csv` module's :class:`reader` and :class:`writer` objects read and" +" write sequences. Programmers can also read and write data in dictionary " +"form using the :class:`DictReader` and :class:`DictWriter` classes." +msgstr "" +":mod:`csv` 模块中的 :class:`reader` 类和 :class:`writer` 类可用于读写序列化的数据。也可使用 " +":class:`DictReader` 类和 :class:`DictWriter` 类以字典的形式读写数据。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:41 +msgid ":pep:`305` - CSV File API" +msgstr "该实现在“Python 增强提议” - PEP `305` (CSV 文件 API) 中被提出" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:42 +msgid "" +"The Python Enhancement Proposal which proposed this addition to Python." +msgstr "《Python 增强提议》提出了对 Python 的这一补充。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:48 +msgid "Module Contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:50 +msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`csv` 模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Return a :ref:`reader object ` that will process lines from " +"the given *csvfile*. A csvfile must be an iterable of strings, each in the " +"reader's defined csv format. A csvfile is most commonly a file-like object " +"or list. If *csvfile* is a file object, it should be opened with " +"``newline=''``. [1]_ An optional *dialect* parameter can be given which is " +"used to define a set of parameters specific to a particular CSV dialect. It" +" may be an instance of a subclass of the :class:`Dialect` class or one of " +"the strings returned by the :func:`list_dialects` function. The other " +"optional *fmtparams* keyword arguments can be given to override individual " +"formatting parameters in the current dialect. For full details about the " +"dialect and formatting parameters, see section :ref:`csv-fmt-params`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :ref:`reader 对象 `，该对象将处理给定 *csvfile* 中的行。 csvfile " +"必须是一个包含字符串的可迭代对象，使用 reader 所定义的 csv 格式。 csvfile 通常是一个文件型对象或列表。 如果 *csvfile* " +"是一个文件对象，则打开它时应设置 ``newline=''``. [1]_ 给定可选 *dialect* 形参将被用于定义一组专属于特定 CSV " +"变种的形参。 它可以是 :class:`Dialect` 类的子类的实例，或是 :func:`list_dialects` 函数所返回的字符串之一。 " +"另一个可选关键字形参 *fmtparams* 可被用来覆盖当前变种中的单个格式形参。 有关变种和格式设置形参的完整细节，请参阅 :ref:`csv-" +"fmt-params` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Each row read from the csv file is returned as a list of strings. No " +"automatic data type conversion is performed unless the ``QUOTE_NONNUMERIC`` " +"format option is specified (in which case unquoted fields are transformed " +"into floats)." +msgstr "" +"csv 文件的每一行都读取为一个由字符串组成的列表。除非指定了 ``QUOTE_NONNUMERIC`` " +"格式选项（在这种情况下，未加引号的字段会转换为浮点数），否则不会执行自动数据类型转换。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:76 ../../library/csv.rst:106 +#: ../../library/csv.rst:181 ../../library/csv.rst:219 +msgid "A short usage example::" +msgstr "一个简短的用法示例::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:78 +msgid "" +">>> import csv\n" +">>> with open('eggs.csv', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +"... spamreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=' ', quotechar='|')\n" +"... for row in spamreader:\n" +"... print(', '.join(row))\n" +"Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Baked Beans\n" +"Spam, Lovely Spam, Wonderful Spam" +msgstr "" +">>> import csv\n" +">>> with open('eggs.csv', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +"... spamreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=' ', quotechar='|')\n" +"... for row in spamreader:\n" +"... print(', '.join(row))\n" +"Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Baked Beans\n" +"Spam, Lovely Spam, Wonderful Spam" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Return a writer object responsible for converting the user's data into " +"delimited strings on the given file-like object. *csvfile* can be any " +"object with a :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.write` method. If *csvfile* is a file " +"object, it should be opened with ``newline=''`` [1]_. An optional *dialect*" +" parameter can be given which is used to define a set of parameters specific" +" to a particular CSV dialect. It may be an instance of a subclass of the " +":class:`Dialect` class or one of the strings returned by the " +":func:`list_dialects` function. The other optional *fmtparams* keyword " +"arguments can be given to override individual formatting parameters in the " +"current dialect. For full details about dialects and formatting parameters," +" see the :ref:`csv-fmt-params` section. To make it as easy as possible to " +"interface with modules which implement the DB API, the value :const:`None` " +"is written as the empty string. While this isn't a reversible " +"transformation, it makes it easier to dump SQL NULL data values to CSV files" +" without preprocessing the data returned from a ``cursor.fetch*`` call. All " +"other non-string data are stringified with :func:`str` before being written." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 writer 对象，该对象负责将用户的数据在给定的文件型对象上转换为带分隔符的字符串。 *csvfile* 可以是任何具有 " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.write` 方法的对象。 如果 *csvfile* 是一个文件对象，则打开它时应使用 " +"``newline=''`` [1]_。 可以给出可选的 *dialect* 形参用来定义一组特定 CSV 变种专属的形参。 它可以是 " +":class:`Dialect` 类的某个子类的实例或是 :func:`list_dialects` 函数所返回的字符串之一。 还可以给出另一个可选的 " +"*fmtparams* 关键字参数来覆盖当前变种中的单个格式化形参。 有关各个变种和格式化形参的完整细节，请参阅 :ref:`csv-fmt-" +"params` 部分。 为了尽量简化与实现 DB API 的模块之间的接口，可以将 :const:`None` 作为空字符串写入。 " +"虽然这个转换是不可逆的，但它可以简化 SQL NULL 数据值到 CSV 文件的转储而无需预处理从 ``cursor.fetch*`` 调用返回的数据。" +" 在被写入之前所有其他非字符串数据都会先用 :func:`str` 来转换为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:108 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('eggs.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" spamwriter = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=' ',\n" +" quotechar='|', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)\n" +" spamwriter.writerow(['Spam'] * 5 + ['Baked Beans'])\n" +" spamwriter.writerow(['Spam', 'Lovely Spam', 'Wonderful Spam'])" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('eggs.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" spamwriter = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=' ',\n" +" quotechar='|', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)\n" +" spamwriter.writerow(['Spam'] * 5 + ['Baked Beans'])\n" +" spamwriter.writerow(['Spam', 'Lovely Spam', 'Wonderful Spam'])" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Associate *dialect* with *name*. *name* must be a string. The dialect can " +"be specified either by passing a sub-class of :class:`Dialect`, or by " +"*fmtparams* keyword arguments, or both, with keyword arguments overriding " +"parameters of the dialect. For full details about dialects and formatting " +"parameters, see section :ref:`csv-fmt-params`." +msgstr "" +"将 *dialect* 与 *name* 关联起来。 *name* 必须是字符串。 变种的指定可以通过传入一个 :class:`Dialect` " +"的子类，或通过 *fmtparams* 关键字参数，或是两者同时传入，此时关键字参数会覆盖 dialect 形参。 " +"有关变种和格式化形参的完整细节，请参阅 :ref:`csv-fmt-params` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Delete the dialect associated with *name* from the dialect registry. An " +":exc:`Error` is raised if *name* is not a registered dialect name." +msgstr "从变种注册表中删除 *name* 对应的变种。如果 *name* 不是已注册的变种名称，则抛出 :exc:`Error` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Return the dialect associated with *name*. An :exc:`Error` is raised if " +"*name* is not a registered dialect name. This function returns an immutable" +" :class:`Dialect`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *name* 对应的变种。如果 *name* 不是已注册的变种名称，则抛出 :exc:`Error` 异常。该函数返回的是不可变的 " +":class:`Dialect` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:139 +msgid "Return the names of all registered dialects." +msgstr "返回所有已注册变种的名称。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:144 +msgid "" +"Returns the current maximum field size allowed by the parser. If *new_limit*" +" is given, this becomes the new limit." +msgstr "返回解析器当前允许的最大字段大小。如果指定了 *new_limit*，则它将成为新的最大字段大小。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:148 +msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`csv` 模块定义了以下类：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Create an object that operates like a regular reader but maps the " +"information in each row to a :class:`dict` whose keys are given by the " +"optional *fieldnames* parameter." +msgstr "" +"创建一个对象，该对象在操作上类似于常规 reader，但是将每行中的信息映射到一个 :class:`dict`，该 dict 的键由 " +"*fieldnames* 可选参数给出。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:157 +msgid "" +"The *fieldnames* parameter is a :term:`sequence`. If *fieldnames* is " +"omitted, the values in the first row of file *f* will be used as the " +"fieldnames and will be omitted from the results. If *fieldnames* is " +"provided, they will be used and the first row will be included in the " +"results. Regardless of how the fieldnames are determined, the dictionary " +"preserves their original ordering." +msgstr "" +"*fieldnames* 形参是一个 :term:`sequence`。 如果省略 *fieldnames*，则文件 *f* " +"第一行中的值将用作字段名并将从结果中去除。 如果提供了 *fieldnames*，它们将被使用而第一行将包括在结果中。 " +"无论字段名是如何确定的，字典都将保留其原始顺序。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:164 +msgid "" +"If a row has more fields than fieldnames, the remaining data is put in a " +"list and stored with the fieldname specified by *restkey* (which defaults to" +" ``None``). If a non-blank row has fewer fields than fieldnames, the " +"missing values are filled-in with the value of *restval* (which defaults to " +"``None``)." +msgstr "" +"如果某一行中的字段多于字段名，则剩余数据会被放入一个列表，并与 *restkey* 所指定的字段名 (默认为 ``None``) 一起保存。 " +"如果某个非空白行的字段少于字段名，则缺失的值会使用 *restval* 的值来填充 (默认为 ``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:170 +msgid "" +"All other optional or keyword arguments are passed to the underlying " +":class:`reader` instance." +msgstr "所有其他可选或关键字参数都传递给底层的 :class:`reader` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:173 ../../library/csv.rst:217 +msgid "" +"If the argument passed to *fieldnames* is an iterator, it will be coerced to" +" a :class:`list`." +msgstr "如果传给 *fieldnames* 的参数是一个迭代器，它将被强制转换为 :class:`list`。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:175 +msgid "Returned rows are now of type :class:`OrderedDict`." +msgstr "返回的行现在的类型是 :class:`OrderedDict`。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:178 +msgid "Returned rows are now of type :class:`dict`." +msgstr "现在，返回的行是 :class:`dict` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:183 +msgid "" +">>> import csv\n" +">>> with open('names.csv', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +"... reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)\n" +"... for row in reader:\n" +"... print(row['first_name'], row['last_name'])\n" +"...\n" +"Eric Idle\n" +"John Cleese\n" +"\n" +">>> print(row)\n" +"{'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Cleese'}" +msgstr "" +">>> import csv\n" +">>> with open('names.csv', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +"... reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)\n" +"... for row in reader:\n" +"... print(row['first_name'], row['last_name'])\n" +"...\n" +"Eric Idle\n" +"John Cleese\n" +"\n" +">>> print(row)\n" +"{'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Cleese'}" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Create an object which operates like a regular writer but maps dictionaries " +"onto output rows. The *fieldnames* parameter is a :mod:`sequence " +"` of keys that identify the order in which values in the " +"dictionary passed to the :meth:`~csvwriter.writerow` method are written to " +"file *f*. The optional *restval* parameter specifies the value to be " +"written if the dictionary is missing a key in *fieldnames*. If the " +"dictionary passed to the :meth:`~csvwriter.writerow` method contains a key " +"not found in *fieldnames*, the optional *extrasaction* parameter indicates " +"what action to take. If it is set to ``'raise'``, the default value, a " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised. If it is set to ``'ignore'``, extra values in " +"the dictionary are ignored. Any other optional or keyword arguments are " +"passed to the underlying :class:`writer` instance." +msgstr "" +"创建一个对象，该对象在操作上类似常规 writer，但会将字典映射到输出行。 *fieldnames* 形参是一个由键组成的 :mod:`序列 " +"`，它指定字典中要传给 :meth:`~csvwriter.writerow` 方法并写入文件 *f* 的值的顺序。 " +"如果字典没有 *fieldnames* 中的键，则可选的 *restval* 形参将指明要写入的值。 如果传递给 " +":meth:`~csvwriter.writerow` 方法包含的键在 *fieldnames* 中找不到，则可选的 *extrasaction* " +"形参将指明要执行的操作。 如果将其设为默认值 ``'raise'``，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 如果将其设为 " +"``'ignore'``，则字典中额外的值将被忽略。 任何其他可选或关键字参数都将被传递给下层的 :class:`writer` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Note that unlike the :class:`DictReader` class, the *fieldnames* parameter " +"of the :class:`DictWriter` class is not optional." +msgstr "" +"注意，与 :class:`DictReader` 类不同，:class:`DictWriter` 类的 *fieldnames* 参数不是可选参数。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:221 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"\n" +"with open('names.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" fieldnames = ['first_name', 'last_name']\n" +" writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)\n" +"\n" +" writer.writeheader()\n" +" writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Baked', 'last_name': 'Beans'})\n" +" writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Lovely', 'last_name': 'Spam'})\n" +" writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Wonderful', 'last_name': 'Spam'})" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"\n" +"with open('names.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" fieldnames = ['first_name', 'last_name']\n" +" writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)\n" +"\n" +" writer.writeheader()\n" +" writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Baked', 'last_name': 'Beans'})\n" +" writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Lovely', 'last_name': 'Spam'})\n" +" writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Wonderful', 'last_name': 'Spam'})" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:235 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Dialect` class is a container class whose attributes contain " +"information for how to handle doublequotes, whitespace, delimiters, etc. Due" +" to the lack of a strict CSV specification, different applications produce " +"subtly different CSV data. :class:`Dialect` instances define how " +":class:`reader` and :class:`writer` instances behave." +msgstr "" +":class:`Dialect` 类是一个容器类，其属性包含有如何处理双引号、空白符、分隔符等的信息。 由于缺少严格的 CSV " +"规格描述，不同的应用程序会产生略有差别的 CSV 数据。 :class:`Dialect` 实例定义了 :class:`reader` 和 " +":class:`writer` 实例将具有怎样的行为。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:241 +msgid "" +"All available :class:`Dialect` names are returned by :func:`list_dialects`, " +"and they can be registered with specific :class:`reader` and :class:`writer`" +" classes through their initializer (``__init__``) functions like this::" +msgstr "" +"所有可用的 :class:`Dialect` 名称会由 :func:`list_dialects` 返回，并且它们可由特定的 " +":class:`reader` 和 :class:`writer` 类通过它们的初始化函数 (``__init__``) 来注册，例如::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:245 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"\n" +"with open('students.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" writer = csv.writer(csvfile, dialect='unix')" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"\n" +"with open('students.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" writer = csv.writer(csvfile, dialect='unix')" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The :class:`excel` class defines the usual properties of an Excel-generated " +"CSV file. It is registered with the dialect name ``'excel'``." +msgstr ":class:`excel` 类定义了 Excel 生成的 CSV 文件的常规属性。它在变种注册表中的名称是 ``'excel'``。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The :class:`excel_tab` class defines the usual properties of an Excel-" +"generated TAB-delimited file. It is registered with the dialect name " +"``'excel-tab'``." +msgstr "" +":class:`excel_tab` 类定义了 Excel 生成的、制表符分隔的 CSV 文件的常规属性。它在变种注册表中的名称是 ``'excel-" +"tab'``。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:265 +msgid "" +"The :class:`unix_dialect` class defines the usual properties of a CSV file " +"generated on UNIX systems, i.e. using ``'\\n'`` as line terminator and " +"quoting all fields. It is registered with the dialect name ``'unix'``." +msgstr "" +":class:`unix_dialect` 类定义了在 UNIX 系统上生成的 CSV 文件的常规属性，即使用 ``'\\n'`` " +"作为换行符，且所有字段都有引号包围。它在变种注册表中的名称是 ``'unix'``。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:274 +msgid "The :class:`Sniffer` class is used to deduce the format of a CSV file." +msgstr ":class:`Sniffer` 类用于推断 CSV 文件的格式。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:276 +msgid "The :class:`Sniffer` class provides two methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Sniffer` 类提供了两个方法：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:280 +msgid "" +"Analyze the given *sample* and return a :class:`Dialect` subclass reflecting" +" the parameters found. If the optional *delimiters* parameter is given, it " +"is interpreted as a string containing possible valid delimiter characters." +msgstr "" +"分析给定的 *sample* 并返回一个 :class:`Dialect` 子类，该子类中包含了分析出的格式参数。如果给出可选的 " +"*delimiters* 参数，则该参数会被解释为字符串，该字符串包含了可能的有效定界符。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Analyze the sample text (presumed to be in CSV format) and return " +":const:`True` if the first row appears to be a series of column headers. " +"Inspecting each column, one of two key criteria will be considered to " +"estimate if the sample contains a header:" +msgstr "" +"分析 sample 文本（假定为 CSV 格式），如果发现其首行为一组列标题则返回 :const:`True`。 " +"在检查每一列时，将考虑是否满足两个关键标准之一来估计 sample 是否包含标题:" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:293 +msgid "the second through n-th rows contain numeric values" +msgstr "第二至第 n 行包含数字值" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:294 +msgid "" +"the second through n-th rows contain strings where at least one value's " +"length differs from that of the putative header of that column." +msgstr "第二至第 n 行包含字符串值，其中至少有一个值的长度与该列预期标题的长度不同。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Twenty rows after the first row are sampled; if more than half of columns + " +"rows meet the criteria, :const:`True` is returned." +msgstr "会对第一行之后的二十行进行采样；如果有超过一半的列 + 行符合标准，则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:302 +msgid "" +"This method is a rough heuristic and may produce both false positives and " +"negatives." +msgstr "此方法是一个粗略的启发式方式，有可能产生错误的真值和假值。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:305 +msgid "An example for :class:`Sniffer` use::" +msgstr "使用 :class:`Sniffer` 的示例：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:307 +msgid "" +"with open('example.csv', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" dialect = csv.Sniffer().sniff(csvfile.read(1024))\n" +" csvfile.seek(0)\n" +" reader = csv.reader(csvfile, dialect)\n" +" # ... process CSV file contents here ..." +msgstr "" +"with open('example.csv', newline='') as csvfile:\n" +" dialect = csv.Sniffer().sniff(csvfile.read(1024))\n" +" csvfile.seek(0)\n" +" reader = csv.reader(csvfile, dialect)\n" +" # ... 在此处理 CSV 文件内容 ..." + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:316 +msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following constants:" +msgstr ":mod:`csv` 模块定义了以下常量：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:320 +msgid "Instructs :class:`writer` objects to quote all fields." +msgstr "指示 :class:`writer` 对象给所有字段加上引号。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`writer` objects to only quote those fields which contain " +"special characters such as *delimiter*, *quotechar* or any of the characters" +" in *lineterminator*." +msgstr "" +"指示 :class:`writer` 对象仅为包含特殊字符（例如 *定界符*、*引号字符* 或 *行结束符* 中的任何字符）的字段加上引号。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:332 +msgid "Instructs :class:`writer` objects to quote all non-numeric fields." +msgstr "指示 :class:`writer` 对象为所有非数字字段加上引号。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`reader` objects to convert all non-quoted fields to type " +"*float*." +msgstr "指示 :class:`reader` 将所有未加引号的字段转换为 *float* 类型。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`writer` objects to never quote fields. When the current " +"*delimiter* occurs in output data it is preceded by the current *escapechar*" +" character. If *escapechar* is not set, the writer will raise :exc:`Error` " +"if any characters that require escaping are encountered." +msgstr "" +"指示 :class:`writer` 对象不使用引号引出字段。当 *定界符* 出现在输出数据中时，其前面应该有 *转义符*。如果未设置 " +"*转义符*，则遇到任何需要转义的字符时，writer 都会抛出 :exc:`Error` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`reader` objects to perform no special processing of quote " +"characters." +msgstr "指示 :class:`reader` 对象不对引号字符执行特殊处理。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:348 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`writer` objects to quote all fields which are not " +"``None``. This is similar to :data:`QUOTE_ALL`, except that if a field " +"value is ``None`` an empty (unquoted) string is written." +msgstr "" +"指示 :class:`writer` 对象为所有不为 ``None`` 的字段加引号。 这类似于 " +":data:`QUOTE_ALL`，区别是如果一个字段值为 ``None`` 则会写入一个（不带引号的）空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:352 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`reader` objects to interpret an empty (unquoted) field as " +"``None`` and to otherwise behave as :data:`QUOTE_ALL`." +msgstr "" +"指示 :class:`reader` 对象将（不带引号的）空字段解读为 ``None`` 并在其他情况下采取与 :data:`QUOTE_ALL` " +"相同的行为。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`writer` objects to always place quotes around fields which" +" are strings. This is similar to :data:`QUOTE_NONNUMERIC`, except that if a" +" field value is ``None`` an empty (unquoted) string is written." +msgstr "" +"指示 :class:`writer` 对象总是为字符串字段加引号。 这类似于 :data:`QUOTE_NONNUMERIC`，区别是如果一个字段值为 " +"``None`` 则会写入一个（不带引号的）空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Instructs :class:`reader` objects to interpret an empty (unquoted) string as" +" ``None`` and to otherwise behave as :data:`QUOTE_NONNUMERIC`." +msgstr "" +"指示 :class:`reader` 对象将（不带引号的）空字符串解读为 ``None`` 并在其他情况下采取与 " +":data:`QUOTE_NONNUMERIC` 相同的行为。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:368 +msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following exception:" +msgstr ":mod:`csv` 模块定义了以下异常：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:373 +msgid "Raised by any of the functions when an error is detected." +msgstr "该异常可能由任何发生错误的函数抛出。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:378 +msgid "Dialects and Formatting Parameters" +msgstr "变种与格式参数" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:380 +msgid "" +"To make it easier to specify the format of input and output records, " +"specific formatting parameters are grouped together into dialects. A " +"dialect is a subclass of the :class:`Dialect` class containing various " +"attributes describing the format of the CSV file. When creating " +":class:`reader` or :class:`writer` objects, the programmer can specify a " +"string or a subclass of the :class:`Dialect` class as the dialect parameter." +" In addition to, or instead of, the *dialect* parameter, the programmer can" +" also specify individual formatting parameters, which have the same names as" +" the attributes defined below for the :class:`Dialect` class." +msgstr "" +"为了更容易地指定输入和输出记录的格式，特定的多个格式化形参将组合成为不同的 dialect。 特定的 dialect 是 " +":class:`Dialect` 类的一个子类，它包含多个用于描述 CSV 文件的格式的属性。 当创建 :class:`reader` 或 " +":class:`writer` 对象时，程序员可以指定一个字符串或 :class:`Dialect` 类的子类作为 dialect 形参。 作为对 " +"*dialect* 形参的补充或替代，程序员还可以指定单独的格式化形参，它们的名称与 :class:`Dialect` 类所定义的以下属性相同。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:390 +msgid "Dialects support the following attributes:" +msgstr "Dialect 类支持以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:395 +msgid "" +"A one-character string used to separate fields. It defaults to ``','``." +msgstr "一个用于分隔字段的单字符，默认为 ``','``。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Controls how instances of *quotechar* appearing inside a field should " +"themselves be quoted. When :const:`True`, the character is doubled. When " +":const:`False`, the *escapechar* is used as a prefix to the *quotechar*. It" +" defaults to :const:`True`." +msgstr "" +"控制出现在字段中的 *引号字符* 本身应如何被引出。当该属性为 :const:`True` 时，双写引号字符。如果该属性为 " +":const:`False`，则在 *引号字符* 的前面放置 *转义符*。默认值为 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:405 +msgid "" +"On output, if *doublequote* is :const:`False` and no *escapechar* is set, " +":exc:`Error` is raised if a *quotechar* is found in a field." +msgstr "" +"在输出时，如果 *doublequote* 是 :const:`False`，且 *转义符* 未指定，且在字段中发现 *引号字符* 时，会抛出 " +":exc:`Error` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:411 +msgid "" +"A one-character string used by the writer to escape the *delimiter* if " +"*quoting* is set to :const:`QUOTE_NONE` and the *quotechar* if *doublequote*" +" is :const:`False`. On reading, the *escapechar* removes any special meaning" +" from the following character. It defaults to :const:`None`, which disables " +"escaping." +msgstr "" +"一个用于 writer 的单字符，用来在 *quoting* 设置为 :const:`QUOTE_NONE` 的情况下转义 *定界符*，在 " +"*doublequote* 设置为 :const:`False` 的情况下转义 *引号字符*。在读取时，*escapechar* " +"去除了其后所跟字符的任何特殊含义。该属性默认为 :const:`None`，表示禁用转义。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:416 +msgid "An empty *escapechar* is not allowed." +msgstr "不允许空的 *escapechar*。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:421 +msgid "" +"The string used to terminate lines produced by the :class:`writer`. It " +"defaults to ``'\\r\\n'``." +msgstr "放在 :class:`writer` 产生的行的结尾，默认为 ``'\\r\\n'``。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:426 +msgid "" +"The :class:`reader` is hard-coded to recognise either ``'\\r'`` or ``'\\n'``" +" as end-of-line, and ignores *lineterminator*. This behavior may change in " +"the future." +msgstr "" +":class:`reader` 经过硬编码，会识别 ``'\\r'`` 或 ``'\\n'`` 作为行尾，并忽略 " +"*lineterminator*。未来可能会更改这一行为。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:433 +msgid "" +"A one-character string used to quote fields containing special characters, " +"such as the *delimiter* or *quotechar*, or which contain new-line " +"characters. It defaults to ``'\"'``." +msgstr "一个单字符，用于包住含有特殊字符的字段，特殊字符如 *定界符* 或 *引号字符* 或换行符。默认为 ``'\"'``。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:437 +msgid "An empty *quotechar* is not allowed." +msgstr "不允许空的 *quotechar*。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Controls when quotes should be generated by the writer and recognised by the" +" reader. It can take on any of the :ref:`QUOTE_\\* constants ` and defaults to :const:`QUOTE_MINIMAL`." +msgstr "" +"控制 writer 何时生成引号以及 reader 何时识别引号。 它可以设为任意 :ref:`QUOTE_\\* 常量 ` 并且默认为 :const:`QUOTE_MINIMAL`。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:449 +msgid "" +"When :const:`True`, spaces immediately following the *delimiter* are " +"ignored. The default is :const:`False`." +msgstr "当为 :const:`True` 时，紧接在 *delimiter* 之后空格会被忽略。 默认值为 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:455 +msgid "" +"When ``True``, raise exception :exc:`Error` on bad CSV input. The default is" +" ``False``." +msgstr "如果为 ``True``，则在输入错误的 CSV 时抛出 :exc:`Error` 异常。默认值为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:461 +msgid "Reader Objects" +msgstr "Reader 对象" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Reader objects (:class:`DictReader` instances and objects returned by the " +":func:`reader` function) have the following public methods:" +msgstr "Reader 对象（:class:`DictReader` 实例和 :func:`reader` 函数返回的对象）具有以下公开方法：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:468 +msgid "" +"Return the next row of the reader's iterable object as a list (if the object" +" was returned from :func:`reader`) or a dict (if it is a :class:`DictReader`" +" instance), parsed according to the current :class:`Dialect`. Usually you " +"should call this as ``next(reader)``." +msgstr "" +"返回 reader 的可迭代对象的下一行，它可以是一个列表（如果对象是由 :func:`reader` 返回）或字典（如果是一个 " +":class:`DictReader` 实例），根据当前 :class:`Dialect` 来解析。 通常你应当以 ``next(reader)`` " +"的形式来调用它。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:474 +msgid "Reader objects have the following public attributes:" +msgstr "Reader 对象具有以下公开属性：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:478 +msgid "A read-only description of the dialect in use by the parser." +msgstr "变种描述，只读，供解析器使用。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:483 +msgid "" +"The number of lines read from the source iterator. This is not the same as " +"the number of records returned, as records can span multiple lines." +msgstr "源迭代器已经读取了的行数。它与返回的记录数不同，因为记录可能跨越多行。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:487 +msgid "DictReader objects have the following public attribute:" +msgstr "DictReader 对象具有以下公开属性：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:491 +msgid "" +"If not passed as a parameter when creating the object, this attribute is " +"initialized upon first access or when the first record is read from the " +"file." +msgstr "字段名称。如果在创建对象时未传入字段名称，则首次访问时或从文件中读取第一条记录时会初始化此属性。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:498 +msgid "Writer Objects" +msgstr "Writer 对象" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:500 +msgid "" +":class:`writer` objects (:class:`DictWriter` instances and objects returned " +"by the :func:`writer` function) have the following public methods. A *row* " +"must be an iterable of strings or numbers for :class:`writer` objects and a " +"dictionary mapping fieldnames to strings or numbers (by passing them through" +" :func:`str` first) for :class:`DictWriter` objects. Note that complex " +"numbers are written out surrounded by parens. This may cause some problems " +"for other programs which read CSV files (assuming they support complex " +"numbers at all)." +msgstr "" +":class:`writer` 对象 (:class:`DictWriter` 实例和 :func:`writer` 函数所返回的对象 ) " +"具有以下公共方法。 对于 :class:`writer` 对象 *row* 必须是输出字符串或数字的可迭代对象的数字，而对于 " +":class:`DictWriter` 对象则是一个将文件名映射到字符串或数字 (会先将其传给 :func:`str`) 的字典。 " +"请注意在写入复数时会用圆括号括起来。 这可能会给其他读取 CSV 文件的程序带来一些问题 (假定它们确实支持复数)。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Write the *row* parameter to the writer's file object, formatted according " +"to the current :class:`Dialect`. Return the return value of the call to the " +"*write* method of the underlying file object." +msgstr "" +"将 *row* 形参写入到 writer 的文件对象，根据当前 :class:`Dialect` 进行格式化。 返回对下层文件对象的 *write* " +"方法的调用的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:515 +msgid "Added support of arbitrary iterables." +msgstr "开始支持任意类型的迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:520 +msgid "" +"Write all elements in *rows* (an iterable of *row* objects as described " +"above) to the writer's file object, formatted according to the current " +"dialect." +msgstr "" +"将 *rows*（即能迭代出多个上述 *row* 对象的迭代器）中的所有元素写入 writer 的文件对象，并根据当前设置的变种进行格式化。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:524 +msgid "Writer objects have the following public attribute:" +msgstr "Writer 对象具有以下公开属性：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:529 +msgid "A read-only description of the dialect in use by the writer." +msgstr "变种描述，只读，供 writer 使用。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:532 +msgid "DictWriter objects have the following public method:" +msgstr "DictWriter 对象具有以下公开方法：" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:537 +msgid "" +"Write a row with the field names (as specified in the constructor) to the " +"writer's file object, formatted according to the current dialect. Return the" +" return value of the :meth:`csvwriter.writerow` call used internally." +msgstr "" +"在 writer 的文件对象中，写入一行字段名称（字段名称在构造函数中指定），并根据当前设置的变种进行格式化。本方法的返回值就是内部使用的 " +":meth:`csvwriter.writerow` 方法的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:542 +msgid "" +":meth:`writeheader` now also returns the value returned by the " +":meth:`csvwriter.writerow` method it uses internally." +msgstr "现在 :meth:`writeheader` 也返回其内部使用的 :meth:`csvwriter.writerow` 方法的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:550 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:552 +msgid "The simplest example of reading a CSV file::" +msgstr "读取 CSV 文件最简单的一个例子::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:554 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('some.csv', newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f)\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('some.csv', newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f)\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:560 +msgid "Reading a file with an alternate format::" +msgstr "读取其他格式的文件::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:562 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('passwd', newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f, delimiter=':', quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE)\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('passwd', newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f, delimiter=':', quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE)\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:568 +msgid "The corresponding simplest possible writing example is::" +msgstr "相应最简单的写入示例是::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:570 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('some.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:\n" +" writer = csv.writer(f)\n" +" writer.writerows(someiterable)" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('some.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:\n" +" writer = csv.writer(f)\n" +" writer.writerows(someiterable)" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:575 +msgid "" +"Since :func:`open` is used to open a CSV file for reading, the file will by " +"default be decoded into unicode using the system default encoding (see " +":func:`locale.getencoding`). To decode a file using a different encoding, " +"use the ``encoding`` argument of open::" +msgstr "" +"由于 :func:`open` 被用来打开 CSV 文件供读取，因此在默认情况下将使用系统默认编码格式 (参见 " +":func:`locale.getencoding`) 把文件解码至 unicode。 要使用其他编码格式来解码文件，请使用 open 的 " +"``encoding`` 参数::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:580 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('some.csv', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f)\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"with open('some.csv', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f)\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:586 +msgid "" +"The same applies to writing in something other than the system default " +"encoding: specify the encoding argument when opening the output file." +msgstr "这同样适用于写入非系统默认编码的内容：打开输出文件时，指定 encoding 参数。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:589 +msgid "Registering a new dialect::" +msgstr "注册一个新的变种::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:591 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"csv.register_dialect('unixpwd', delimiter=':', quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE)\n" +"with open('passwd', newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f, 'unixpwd')" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"csv.register_dialect('unixpwd', delimiter=':', quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE)\n" +"with open('passwd', newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f, 'unixpwd')" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:596 +msgid "" +"A slightly more advanced use of the reader --- catching and reporting " +"errors::" +msgstr "Reader 的更高级用法——捕获并报告错误::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:598 +msgid "" +"import csv, sys\n" +"filename = 'some.csv'\n" +"with open(filename, newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f)\n" +" try:\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)\n" +" except csv.Error as e:\n" +" sys.exit('file {}, line {}: {}'.format(filename, reader.line_num, e))" +msgstr "" +"import csv, sys\n" +"filename = 'some.csv'\n" +"with open(filename, newline='') as f:\n" +" reader = csv.reader(f)\n" +" try:\n" +" for row in reader:\n" +" print(row)\n" +" except csv.Error as e:\n" +" sys.exit('file {}, line {}: {}'.format(filename, reader.line_num, e))" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:608 +msgid "" +"And while the module doesn't directly support parsing strings, it can easily" +" be done::" +msgstr "尽管该模块不直接支持解析字符串，但仍可如下轻松完成::" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:611 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"for row in csv.reader(['one,two,three']):\n" +" print(row)" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"for row in csv.reader(['one,two,three']):\n" +" print(row)" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:617 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:618 +msgid "" +"If ``newline=''`` is not specified, newlines embedded inside quoted fields " +"will not be interpreted correctly, and on platforms that use ``\\r\\n`` " +"linendings on write an extra ``\\r`` will be added. It should always be " +"safe to specify ``newline=''``, since the csv module does its own " +"(:term:`universal `) newline handling." +msgstr "" +"如果没有指定 ``newline=''``，则嵌入引号中的换行符将无法正确解析，并且在写入时，使用 ``\\r\\n`` 换行的平台会有多余的 " +"``\\r`` 写入。由于 csv 模块会执行自己的（:term:`通用 `）换行符处理，因此指定 " +"``newline=''`` 应该总是安全的。" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:11 +msgid "csv" +msgstr "csv" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:11 +msgid "data" +msgstr "数据" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:11 +msgid "tabular" +msgstr "tabular" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:53 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../library/csv.rst:53 +msgid "csv.reader function" +msgstr "csv.reader 函数" diff --git a/library/ctypes.po b/library/ctypes.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1507e31e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/ctypes.po @@ -0,0 +1,4644 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ruoyu zhang , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Madlee , 2021 +# zeroswan , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!ctypes` --- A foreign function library for Python" +msgstr ":mod:`!ctypes` --- Python 的外部函数库" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ctypes`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/ctypes`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:13 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` is a foreign function library for Python. It provides C " +"compatible data types, and allows calling functions in DLLs or shared " +"libraries. It can be used to wrap these libraries in pure Python." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ctypes` 是 Python 的外部函数库。它提供了与 C 兼容的数据类型，并允许调用 DLL 或共享库中的函数。可使用该模块以纯 " +"Python 形式对这些库进行封装。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:21 +msgid "ctypes tutorial" +msgstr "ctypes 教程" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Note: The code samples in this tutorial use :mod:`doctest` to make sure that" +" they actually work. Since some code samples behave differently under " +"Linux, Windows, or macOS, they contain doctest directives in comments." +msgstr "" +"注：本教程中的示例代码使用 :mod:`doctest` 来保证它们能正确运行。 由于有些代码示例在 Linux, Windows 或 macOS " +"上的行为有所不同，它们在注释中包含了一些 doctest 指令。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Note: Some code samples reference the ctypes :class:`c_int` type. On " +"platforms where ``sizeof(long) == sizeof(int)`` it is an alias to " +":class:`c_long`. So, you should not be confused if :class:`c_long` is " +"printed if you would expect :class:`c_int` --- they are actually the same " +"type." +msgstr "" +"注意：部分示例代码引用了 ctypes :class:`c_int` 类型。在 ``sizeof(long) == sizeof(int)`` " +"的平台上此类型是 :class:`c_long` 的一个别名。所以，在程序输出 :class:`c_long` 而不是你期望的 " +":class:`c_int` 时不必感到迷惑 --- 它们实际上是同一种类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:35 +msgid "Loading dynamic link libraries" +msgstr "载入动态连接库" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:37 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` exports the *cdll*, and on Windows *windll* and *oledll* " +"objects, for loading dynamic link libraries." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ctypes` 导出了 *cdll* 对象，在 Windows 系统中还导出了 *windll* 和 *oledll* " +"对象用于载入动态连接库。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:40 +msgid "" +"You load libraries by accessing them as attributes of these objects. *cdll* " +"loads libraries which export functions using the standard ``cdecl`` calling " +"convention, while *windll* libraries call functions using the ``stdcall`` " +"calling convention. *oledll* also uses the ``stdcall`` calling convention, " +"and assumes the functions return a Windows :c:type:`!HRESULT` error code. " +"The error code is used to automatically raise an :class:`OSError` exception " +"when the function call fails." +msgstr "" +"您可以通过访问这些对象的属性来加载库。 *cdll* 加载使用标准 ``cdecl`` 调用约定导出函数的库，而 *windll* 库则使用 " +"``stdcall`` 调用约定调用函数。 *oledll* 也使用 ``stdcall`` 调用约定，并假定函数返回 Windows " +":c:type:`!HRESULT` 错误代码。 当函数调用失败时会使用错误代码自动引发 :class:`OSError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Windows errors used to raise :exc:`WindowsError`, which is now an alias of " +":exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "原来在 Windows 下抛出的异常类型 :exc:`WindowsError` 现在是 :exc:`OSError` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Here are some examples for Windows. Note that ``msvcrt`` is the MS standard " +"C library containing most standard C functions, and uses the ``cdecl`` " +"calling convention::" +msgstr "" +"这是一些 Windows 下的例子。 请注意 ``msvcrt`` 是包含大部分 C 函数的 MS 标准 C 库，并会使用 ``cdecl`` " +"调用惯例::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:57 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> print(windll.kernel32)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(cdll.msvcrt)\n" +"\n" +">>> libc = cdll.msvcrt\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> print(windll.kernel32)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(cdll.msvcrt)\n" +"\n" +">>> libc = cdll.msvcrt\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:65 +msgid "Windows appends the usual ``.dll`` file suffix automatically." +msgstr "Windows 会自动添加通常的 ``.dll`` 文件扩展名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Accessing the standard C library through ``cdll.msvcrt`` will use an " +"outdated version of the library that may be incompatible with the one being " +"used by Python. Where possible, use native Python functionality, or else " +"import and use the ``msvcrt`` module." +msgstr "" +"通过 ``cdll.msvcrt`` 调用的标准 C 函数，可能会导致调用一个过时的，与当前 Python 所不兼容的函数。因此，请尽量使用标准的 " +"Python 函数，而不要使用 ``msvcrt`` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:73 +msgid "" +"On Linux, it is required to specify the filename *including* the extension " +"to load a library, so attribute access can not be used to load libraries. " +"Either the :meth:`~LibraryLoader.LoadLibrary` method of the dll loaders " +"should be used, or you should load the library by creating an instance of " +"CDLL by calling the constructor::" +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 中，要求指定文件名 *包括* 扩展名来加载库，因此不能使用属性访问的方式来加载库。 你应当使用 dll 加载器的 " +":meth:`~LibraryLoader.LoadLibrary` 方法，或是应当通过调用构造器创建 CDLL 的实例来加载库::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:79 +msgid "" +">>> cdll.LoadLibrary(\"libc.so.6\")\n" +"\n" +">>> libc = CDLL(\"libc.so.6\")\n" +">>> libc\n" +"\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> cdll.LoadLibrary(\"libc.so.6\")\n" +"\n" +">>> libc = CDLL(\"libc.so.6\")\n" +">>> libc\n" +"\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:92 +msgid "Accessing functions from loaded dlls" +msgstr "操作导入的动态链接库中的函数" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:94 +msgid "Functions are accessed as attributes of dll objects::" +msgstr "通过操作dll对象的属性来操作这些函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:96 +msgid "" +">>> libc.printf\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>> print(windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA)\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>> print(windll.kernel32.MyOwnFunction)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"ctypes.py\", line 239, in __getattr__\n" +" func = _StdcallFuncPtr(name, self)\n" +"AttributeError: function 'MyOwnFunction' not found\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> libc.printf\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>> print(windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA)\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>> print(windll.kernel32.MyOwnFunction)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"ctypes.py\", line 239, in __getattr__\n" +" func = _StdcallFuncPtr(name, self)\n" +"AttributeError: function 'MyOwnFunction' not found\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Note that win32 system dlls like ``kernel32`` and ``user32`` often export " +"ANSI as well as UNICODE versions of a function. The UNICODE version is " +"exported with a ``W`` appended to the name, while the ANSI version is " +"exported with an ``A`` appended to the name. The win32 ``GetModuleHandle`` " +"function, which returns a *module handle* for a given module name, has the " +"following C prototype, and a macro is used to expose one of them as " +"``GetModuleHandle`` depending on whether UNICODE is defined or not::" +msgstr "" +"请注意 win32 系统的动态库如 ``kernel32`` 和 ``user32`` 通常会同时导出一个函数的 ANSI 版本和 UNICODE " +"版本。 UNICODE 版本导出时会在名称后加上 ``W``，而 ANSI 版本导出时会在名称后加上 ``A``。 win32 " +"``GetModuleHandle`` 函数会为给定的模块名称返回一个 *模块句柄*，它具有以下的 C 原型，以及一个被用来根据是否定义了 " +"UNICODE 将其中之一暴露为 ``GetModuleHandle`` 的宏::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:116 +msgid "" +"/* ANSI version */\n" +"HMODULE GetModuleHandleA(LPCSTR lpModuleName);\n" +"/* UNICODE version */\n" +"HMODULE GetModuleHandleW(LPCWSTR lpModuleName);" +msgstr "" +"/* ANSI version */\n" +"HMODULE GetModuleHandleA(LPCSTR lpModuleName);\n" +"/* UNICODE version */\n" +"HMODULE GetModuleHandleW(LPCWSTR lpModuleName);" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:121 +msgid "" +"*windll* does not try to select one of them by magic, you must access the " +"version you need by specifying ``GetModuleHandleA`` or ``GetModuleHandleW`` " +"explicitly, and then call it with bytes or string objects respectively." +msgstr "" +"*windll* 不会通过这样的魔法手段来帮你决定选择哪一种函数，你必须显式的调用 ``GetModuleHandleA`` 或 " +"``GetModuleHandleW``，并分别使用字节对象或字符串对象作参数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Sometimes, dlls export functions with names which aren't valid Python " +"identifiers, like ``\"??2@YAPAXI@Z\"``. In this case you have to use " +":func:`getattr` to retrieve the function::" +msgstr "" +"有时候，dlls的导出的函数名不符合 Python 的标识符规范，比如 ``\"??2@YAPAXI@Z\"``。此时，你必须使用 " +":func:`getattr` 方法来获得该函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:129 +msgid "" +">>> getattr(cdll.msvcrt, \"??2@YAPAXI@Z\")\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> getattr(cdll.msvcrt, \"??2@YAPAXI@Z\")\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:133 +msgid "" +"On Windows, some dlls export functions not by name but by ordinal. These " +"functions can be accessed by indexing the dll object with the ordinal " +"number::" +msgstr "" +"Windows 下，有些 dll 导出的函数没有函数名，而是通过其顺序号调用。对此类函数，你也可以通过 dll 对象的数值索引来操作这些函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:136 +msgid "" +">>> cdll.kernel32[1]\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>> cdll.kernel32[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"ctypes.py\", line 310, in __getitem__\n" +" func = _StdcallFuncPtr(name, self)\n" +"AttributeError: function ordinal 0 not found\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> cdll.kernel32[1]\n" +"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n" +">>> cdll.kernel32[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"ctypes.py\", line 310, in __getitem__\n" +" func = _StdcallFuncPtr(name, self)\n" +"AttributeError: function ordinal 0 not found\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:150 +msgid "Calling functions" +msgstr "调用函数" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:152 +msgid "" +"You can call these functions like any other Python callable. This example " +"uses the ``rand()`` function, which takes no arguments and returns a pseudo-" +"random integer::" +msgstr "" +"你可以像任何其它 Python 可调用对象一样调用这些函数。 这个例子使用了 ``rand()`` 函数，它不接收任何参数并返回一个伪随机整数::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:155 +msgid "" +">>> print(libc.rand())\n" +"1804289383" +msgstr "" +">>> print(libc.rand())\n" +"1804289383" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:158 +msgid "" +"On Windows, you can call the ``GetModuleHandleA()`` function, which returns " +"a win32 module handle (passing ``None`` as single argument to call it with a" +" ``NULL`` pointer)::" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，你可以调用 ``GetModuleHandleA()`` 函数，它返回一个 win32 模块句柄 (将 ``None`` " +"作为唯一参数传入以使用 ``NULL`` 指针来调用它)::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:161 +msgid "" +">>> print(hex(windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(None)))\n" +"0x1d000000\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> print(hex(windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(None)))\n" +"0x1d000000\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:165 +msgid "" +":exc:`ValueError` is raised when you call an ``stdcall`` function with the " +"``cdecl`` calling convention, or vice versa::" +msgstr "" +"如果你用 ``cdecl`` 调用方式调用 ``stdcall`` 约定的函数，则会甩出一个异常 :exc:`ValueError`。反之亦然。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:168 +msgid "" +">>> cdll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(None)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: Procedure probably called with not enough arguments (4 bytes missing)\n" +">>>\n" +"\n" +">>> windll.msvcrt.printf(b\"spam\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: Procedure probably called with too many arguments (4 bytes in excess)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> cdll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(None)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: Procedure probably called with not enough arguments (4 bytes missing)\n" +">>>\n" +"\n" +">>> windll.msvcrt.printf(b\"spam\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: Procedure probably called with too many arguments (4 bytes in excess)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:180 +msgid "" +"To find out the correct calling convention you have to look into the C " +"header file or the documentation for the function you want to call." +msgstr "你必须阅读这些库的头文件或说明文档来确定它们的正确的调用协议。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:183 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :mod:`ctypes` uses win32 structured exception handling to " +"prevent crashes from general protection faults when functions are called " +"with invalid argument values::" +msgstr "在 Windows 中，:mod:`ctypes` 使用 win32 结构化异常处理来防止由于在调用函数时使用非法参数导致的程序崩溃。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:187 +msgid "" +">>> windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(32)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"OSError: exception: access violation reading 0x00000020\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(32)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"OSError: exception: access violation reading 0x00000020\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:193 +msgid "" +"There are, however, enough ways to crash Python with :mod:`ctypes`, so you " +"should be careful anyway. The :mod:`faulthandler` module can be helpful in " +"debugging crashes (e.g. from segmentation faults produced by erroneous C " +"library calls)." +msgstr "" +"然而，总有许多办法，通过调用 :mod:`ctypes` 使得 Python 程序崩溃。因此，你必须小心使用。 :mod:`faulthandler` " +"模块可以用于帮助诊断程序崩溃的原因。（比如由于错误的C库函数调用导致的段错误）。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:198 +msgid "" +"``None``, integers, bytes objects and (unicode) strings are the only native " +"Python objects that can directly be used as parameters in these function " +"calls. ``None`` is passed as a C ``NULL`` pointer, bytes objects and strings" +" are passed as pointer to the memory block that contains their data " +"(:c:expr:`char *` or :c:expr:`wchar_t *`). Python integers are passed as " +"the platform's default C :c:expr:`int` type, their value is masked to fit " +"into the C type." +msgstr "" +"``None``、整数、字节串对象和（Unicode）字符串是仅有的可以直接作为这些函数调用的形参的原生 Python 对象。 ``None`` 将作为" +" C ``NULL`` 指针传入，字节串对象和字符串将作为指向包含其数据 (:c:expr:`char *` 或 :c:expr:`wchar_t " +"*`) 的内存块的指针传入。 Python 整数将作为平台默认的 C :c:expr:`int` 类型传入，它们的值会被截断以适应 C 类型的长度。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Before we move on calling functions with other parameter types, we have to " +"learn more about :mod:`ctypes` data types." +msgstr "在我们开始调用函数前，我们必须先了解作为函数参数的 :mod:`ctypes` 数据类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:212 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2242 +msgid "Fundamental data types" +msgstr "基础数据类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:214 +msgid ":mod:`ctypes` defines a number of primitive C compatible data types:" +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes` 定义了一些和C兼容的基本数据类型：" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:217 +msgid "ctypes type" +msgstr "ctypes 类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:217 +msgid "C type" +msgstr "C 类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:217 +msgid "Python type" +msgstr "Python 类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:219 +msgid ":class:`c_bool`" +msgstr ":class:`c_bool`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:219 +msgid ":c:expr:`_Bool`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`_Bool`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:219 +msgid "bool (1)" +msgstr "bool (1)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:221 +msgid ":class:`c_char`" +msgstr ":class:`c_char`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:221 ../../library/ctypes.rst:225 +msgid ":c:expr:`char`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`char`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:221 +msgid "1-character bytes object" +msgstr "单字符字节串对象" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:223 +msgid ":class:`c_wchar`" +msgstr ":class:`c_wchar`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:223 +msgid ":c:type:`wchar_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`wchar_t`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:223 +msgid "1-character string" +msgstr "单字符字符串" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:225 +msgid ":class:`c_byte`" +msgstr ":class:`c_byte`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:225 ../../library/ctypes.rst:227 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:229 ../../library/ctypes.rst:231 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:233 ../../library/ctypes.rst:235 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:237 ../../library/ctypes.rst:239 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:241 ../../library/ctypes.rst:243 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:246 ../../library/ctypes.rst:248 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:251 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:227 +msgid ":class:`c_ubyte`" +msgstr ":class:`c_ubyte`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:227 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned char`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned char`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:229 +msgid ":class:`c_short`" +msgstr ":class:`c_short`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:229 +msgid ":c:expr:`short`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`short`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:231 +msgid ":class:`c_ushort`" +msgstr ":class:`c_ushort`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:231 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned short`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned short`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:233 +msgid ":class:`c_int`" +msgstr ":class:`c_int`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:233 +msgid ":c:expr:`int`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`int`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:235 +msgid ":class:`c_uint`" +msgstr ":class:`c_uint`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:235 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned int`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned int`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:237 +msgid ":class:`c_long`" +msgstr ":class:`c_long`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:237 +msgid ":c:expr:`long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:239 +msgid ":class:`c_ulong`" +msgstr ":class:`c_ulong`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:239 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned long`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:241 +msgid ":class:`c_longlong`" +msgstr ":class:`c_longlong`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:241 +msgid ":c:expr:`__int64` or :c:expr:`long long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`__int64` 或 :c:expr:`long long`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:243 +msgid ":class:`c_ulonglong`" +msgstr ":class:`c_ulonglong`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:243 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned __int64` or :c:expr:`unsigned long long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned __int64` 或 :c:expr:`unsigned long long`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:246 +msgid ":class:`c_size_t`" +msgstr ":class:`c_size_t`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:246 +msgid ":c:type:`size_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`size_t`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:248 +msgid ":class:`c_ssize_t`" +msgstr ":class:`c_ssize_t`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:248 +msgid ":c:type:`ssize_t` or :c:expr:`Py_ssize_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`ssize_t` 或 :c:expr:`Py_ssize_t`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:251 +msgid ":class:`c_time_t`" +msgstr ":class:`c_time_t`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:251 +msgid ":c:type:`time_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`time_t`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:253 +msgid ":class:`c_float`" +msgstr ":class:`c_float`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:253 +msgid ":c:expr:`float`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`float`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:253 ../../library/ctypes.rst:255 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:257 +msgid "float" +msgstr "float" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:255 +msgid ":class:`c_double`" +msgstr ":class:`c_double`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:255 +msgid ":c:expr:`double`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`double`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:257 +msgid ":class:`c_longdouble`" +msgstr ":class:`c_longdouble`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:257 +msgid ":c:expr:`long double`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long double`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:259 +msgid ":class:`c_char_p`" +msgstr ":class:`c_char_p`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:259 +msgid ":c:expr:`char *` (NUL terminated)" +msgstr ":c:expr:`char *` (以 NUL 结尾)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:259 +msgid "bytes object or ``None``" +msgstr "字节串对象或 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:261 +msgid ":class:`c_wchar_p`" +msgstr ":class:`c_wchar_p`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:261 +msgid ":c:expr:`wchar_t *` (NUL terminated)" +msgstr ":c:expr:`wchar_t *` (以 NUL 结尾)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:261 +msgid "string or ``None``" +msgstr "字符串或 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:263 +msgid ":class:`c_void_p`" +msgstr ":class:`c_void_p`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:263 +msgid ":c:expr:`void *`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`void *`" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:263 +msgid "int or ``None``" +msgstr "int 或 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:267 +msgid "The constructor accepts any object with a truth value." +msgstr "构造函数接受任何具有真值的对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:269 +msgid "" +"All these types can be created by calling them with an optional initializer " +"of the correct type and value::" +msgstr "所有这些类型都可以通过使用正确类型和值的可选初始值调用它们来创建::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:272 +msgid "" +">>> c_int()\n" +"c_long(0)\n" +">>> c_wchar_p(\"Hello, World\")\n" +"c_wchar_p(140018365411392)\n" +">>> c_ushort(-3)\n" +"c_ushort(65533)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> c_int()\n" +"c_long(0)\n" +">>> c_wchar_p(\"Hello, World\")\n" +"c_wchar_p(140018365411392)\n" +">>> c_ushort(-3)\n" +"c_ushort(65533)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:280 +msgid "" +"Since these types are mutable, their value can also be changed afterwards::" +msgstr "由于这些类型是可变的，它们的值也可以在以后更改::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:282 +msgid "" +">>> i = c_int(42)\n" +">>> print(i)\n" +"c_long(42)\n" +">>> print(i.value)\n" +"42\n" +">>> i.value = -99\n" +">>> print(i.value)\n" +"-99\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> i = c_int(42)\n" +">>> print(i)\n" +"c_long(42)\n" +">>> print(i.value)\n" +"42\n" +">>> i.value = -99\n" +">>> print(i.value)\n" +"-99\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Assigning a new value to instances of the pointer types :class:`c_char_p`, " +":class:`c_wchar_p`, and :class:`c_void_p` changes the *memory location* they" +" point to, *not the contents* of the memory block (of course not, because " +"Python string objects are immutable)::" +msgstr "" +"给指针类型的实例Assigning a new value to instances of the pointer types " +":class:`c_char_p`, :class:`c_wchar_p` 和 :class:`c_void_p` 赋新值会改变它们所指向的 " +"*内存位置*，而不是内存块的 *内容* (当然不是，因为 Python 字符串对象是不可变的)::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:297 +msgid "" +">>> s = \"Hello, World\"\n" +">>> c_s = c_wchar_p(s)\n" +">>> print(c_s)\n" +"c_wchar_p(139966785747344)\n" +">>> print(c_s.value)\n" +"Hello World\n" +">>> c_s.value = \"Hi, there\"\n" +">>> print(c_s) # the memory location has changed\n" +"c_wchar_p(139966783348904)\n" +">>> print(c_s.value)\n" +"Hi, there\n" +">>> print(s) # first object is unchanged\n" +"Hello, World\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> s = \"Hello, World\"\n" +">>> c_s = c_wchar_p(s)\n" +">>> print(c_s)\n" +"c_wchar_p(139966785747344)\n" +">>> print(c_s.value)\n" +"Hello World\n" +">>> c_s.value = \"Hi, there\"\n" +">>> print(c_s) # 内存分配已改变\n" +"c_wchar_p(139966783348904)\n" +">>> print(c_s.value)\n" +"Hi, there\n" +">>> print(s) # 第一个对象未改变\n" +"Hello, World\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:312 +msgid "" +"You should be careful, however, not to pass them to functions expecting " +"pointers to mutable memory. If you need mutable memory blocks, ctypes has a " +":func:`create_string_buffer` function which creates these in various ways. " +"The current memory block contents can be accessed (or changed) with the " +"``raw`` property; if you want to access it as NUL terminated string, use the" +" ``value`` property::" +msgstr "" +"但你要注意不能将它们传递给会改变指针所指内存的函数。如果你需要可改变的内存块，ctypes 提供了 " +":func:`create_string_buffer` 函数，它提供多种方式创建这种内存块。当前的内存块内容可以通过 ``raw`` " +"属性存取，如果你希望将它作为NUL结束的字符串，请使用 ``value`` 属性::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:319 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> p = create_string_buffer(3) # create a 3 byte buffer, initialized to NUL bytes\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"3 b'\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n" +">>> p = create_string_buffer(b\"Hello\") # create a buffer containing a NUL terminated string\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"6 b'Hello\\x00'\n" +">>> print(repr(p.value))\n" +"b'Hello'\n" +">>> p = create_string_buffer(b\"Hello\", 10) # create a 10 byte buffer\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"10 b'Hello\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n" +">>> p.value = b\"Hi\"\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"10 b'Hi\\x00lo\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> p = create_string_buffer(3) # 创建一个 3 字节的缓冲区，初始化为 NUL 字节\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"3 b'\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n" +">>> p = create_string_buffer(b\"Hello\") # 创建一个包含以 NUL 结束的字符串的缓冲区\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"6 b'Hello\\x00'\n" +">>> print(repr(p.value))\n" +"b'Hello'\n" +">>> p = create_string_buffer(b\"Hello\", 10) # 创建一个 10 字节的缓冲区\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"10 b'Hello\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n" +">>> p.value = b\"Hi\"\n" +">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n" +"10 b'Hi\\x00lo\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:336 +msgid "" +"The :func:`create_string_buffer` function replaces the old :func:`!c_buffer`" +" function (which is still available as an alias). To create a mutable " +"memory block containing unicode characters of the C type :c:type:`wchar_t`, " +"use the :func:`create_unicode_buffer` function." +msgstr "" +":func:`create_string_buffer` 函数取代了旧了 :func:`!c_buffer` 函数（后者仍可作为别名使用）。 " +"要创建一个包含 C 类型 :c:type:`wchar_t` 的 unicode 字符的可变内存块，请使用 " +":func:`create_unicode_buffer` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:345 +msgid "Calling functions, continued" +msgstr "调用函数，继续" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Note that printf prints to the real standard output channel, *not* to " +":data:`sys.stdout`, so these examples will only work at the console prompt, " +"not from within *IDLE* or *PythonWin*::" +msgstr "" +"注意 printf 将打印到真正标准输出设备，而*不是* :data:`sys.stdout`，因此这些实例只能在控制台提示符下工作，而不能在 " +"*IDLE* 或 *PythonWin* 中运行。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:351 +msgid "" +">>> printf = libc.printf\n" +">>> printf(b\"Hello, %s\\n\", b\"World!\")\n" +"Hello, World!\n" +"14\n" +">>> printf(b\"Hello, %S\\n\", \"World!\")\n" +"Hello, World!\n" +"14\n" +">>> printf(b\"%d bottles of beer\\n\", 42)\n" +"42 bottles of beer\n" +"19\n" +">>> printf(b\"%f bottles of beer\\n\", 42.5)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: Don't know how to convert parameter 2\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> printf = libc.printf\n" +">>> printf(b\"Hello, %s\\n\", b\"World!\")\n" +"Hello, World!\n" +"14\n" +">>> printf(b\"Hello, %S\\n\", \"World!\")\n" +"Hello, World!\n" +"14\n" +">>> printf(b\"%d bottles of beer\\n\", 42)\n" +"42 bottles of beer\n" +"19\n" +">>> printf(b\"%f bottles of beer\\n\", 42.5)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: Don't know how to convert parameter 2\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:367 +msgid "" +"As has been mentioned before, all Python types except integers, strings, and" +" bytes objects have to be wrapped in their corresponding :mod:`ctypes` type," +" so that they can be converted to the required C data type::" +msgstr "" +"正如前面所提到过的，除了整数、字符串以及字节串之外，所有的 Python 类型都必须使用它们对应的 :mod:`ctypes` " +"类型包装，才能够被正确地转换为所需的C语言类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:371 +msgid "" +">>> printf(b\"An int %d, a double %f\\n\", 1234, c_double(3.14))\n" +"An int 1234, a double 3.140000\n" +"31\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> printf(b\"An int %d, a double %f\\n\", 1234, c_double(3.14))\n" +"An int 1234, a double 3.140000\n" +"31\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:379 +msgid "Calling variadic functions" +msgstr "调用可变函数" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:381 +msgid "" +"On a lot of platforms calling variadic functions through ctypes is exactly " +"the same as calling functions with a fixed number of parameters. On some " +"platforms, and in particular ARM64 for Apple Platforms, the calling " +"convention for variadic functions is different than that for regular " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"在许多平台上通过 ctypes 调用可变函数与调用带有固定数量形参的函数是完全一样的。 在某些平台，特别是针对 Apple 平台的 ARM64 " +"上，可变函数的调用约定与常规函数则是不同的。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:386 +msgid "" +"On those platforms it is required to specify the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`" +" attribute for the regular, non-variadic, function arguments:" +msgstr "在这些平台上要求为常规、非可变函数参数指定 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 属性：" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:389 +msgid "libc.printf.argtypes = [ctypes.c_char_p]" +msgstr "libc.printf.argtypes = [ctypes.c_char_p]" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:393 +msgid "" +"Because specifying the attribute does not inhibit portability it is advised " +"to always specify :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` for all variadic functions." +msgstr "因为指定该属性不会影响可移植性所以建议总是为所有可变函数指定 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:400 +msgid "Calling functions with your own custom data types" +msgstr "使用自定义的数据类型调用函数" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:402 +msgid "" +"You can also customize :mod:`ctypes` argument conversion to allow instances " +"of your own classes be used as function arguments. :mod:`ctypes` looks for " +"an :attr:`!_as_parameter_` attribute and uses this as the function argument." +" The attribute must be an integer, string, bytes, a :mod:`ctypes` instance, " +"or an object with an :attr:`!_as_parameter_` attribute::" +msgstr "" +"您也可以通过自定义 :mod:`ctypes` 参数转换方式来允许将你自己的类实例作为函数参数。 :mod:`ctypes` 会寻找 " +":attr:`!_as_parameter_` 属性并使用它作为函数参数。 属性必须是整数、字符串、字节串、:mod:`ctypes` 实例或者带有 " +":attr:`!_as_parameter_` 属性的对象::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:408 +msgid "" +">>> class Bottles:\n" +"... def __init__(self, number):\n" +"... self._as_parameter_ = number\n" +"...\n" +">>> bottles = Bottles(42)\n" +">>> printf(b\"%d bottles of beer\\n\", bottles)\n" +"42 bottles of beer\n" +"19\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> class Bottles:\n" +"... def __init__(self, number):\n" +"... self._as_parameter_ = number\n" +"...\n" +">>> bottles = Bottles(42)\n" +">>> printf(b\"%d bottles of beer\\n\", bottles)\n" +"42 bottles of beer\n" +"19\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:418 +msgid "" +"If you don't want to store the instance's data in the " +":attr:`!_as_parameter_` instance variable, you could define a " +":class:`property` which makes the attribute available on request." +msgstr "" +"如果你不想将实例数据存储在 :attr:`!_as_parameter_` 实例变量中，可以定义一个根据请求提供属性的 " +":class:`property`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:426 +msgid "Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)" +msgstr "指定必选参数的类型(函数原型)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:428 +msgid "" +"It is possible to specify the required argument types of functions exported " +"from DLLs by setting the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` attribute." +msgstr "可以通过设置 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 属性来指定从 DLL 导出函数的必选参数类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:431 +msgid "" +":attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` must be a sequence of C data types (the " +":func:`!printf` function is probably not a good example here, because it " +"takes a variable number and different types of parameters depending on the " +"format string, on the other hand this is quite handy to experiment with this" +" feature)::" +msgstr "" +":attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 必须是一个 C 数据类型的序列（这里 :func:`!printf` " +"函数可能不是一个好例子，因为它会根据格式字符串的不同接受可变数量和不同类型的形参，但另一方面这对尝试此功能来说也很方便）::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:436 +msgid "" +">>> printf.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int, c_double]\n" +">>> printf(b\"String '%s', Int %d, Double %f\\n\", b\"Hi\", 10, 2.2)\n" +"String 'Hi', Int 10, Double 2.200000\n" +"37\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> printf.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int, c_double]\n" +">>> printf(b\"String '%s', Int %d, Double %f\\n\", b\"Hi\", 10, 2.2)\n" +"String 'Hi', Int 10, Double 2.200000\n" +"37\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Specifying a format protects against incompatible argument types (just as a " +"prototype for a C function), and tries to convert the arguments to valid " +"types::" +msgstr "指定数据类型可以防止不合理的参数传递（就像 C 函数的原型），并且会自动尝试将参数转换为需要的类型::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:445 +msgid "" +">>> printf(b\"%d %d %d\", 1, 2, 3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: 'int' object cannot be interpreted as ctypes.c_char_p\n" +">>> printf(b\"%s %d %f\\n\", b\"X\", 2, 3)\n" +"X 2 3.000000\n" +"13\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> printf(b\"%d %d %d\", 1, 2, 3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: 'int' object cannot be interpreted as ctypes.c_char_p\n" +">>> printf(b\"%s %d %f\\n\", b\"X\", 2, 3)\n" +"X 2 3.000000\n" +"13\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:454 +msgid "" +"If you have defined your own classes which you pass to function calls, you " +"have to implement a :meth:`~_CData.from_param` class method for them to be " +"able to use them in the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` sequence. The " +":meth:`~_CData.from_param` class method receives the Python object passed to" +" the function call, it should do a typecheck or whatever is needed to make " +"sure this object is acceptable, and then return the object itself, its " +":attr:`!_as_parameter_` attribute, or whatever you want to pass as the C " +"function argument in this case. Again, the result should be an integer, " +"string, bytes, a :mod:`ctypes` instance, or an object with an " +":attr:`!_as_parameter_` attribute." +msgstr "" +"如果你定义了自己的类并将其传递给函数调用，则你必须为它们实现 :meth:`~_CData.from_param` 类方法才能够在 " +":attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 序列中使用它们。 :meth:`~_CData.from_param` " +"类方法接受传递给函数调用的 Python 对象，它应该进行类型检查或者其他必要的操作以确保这个对象是可接受的，然后返回对象本身、它的 " +":attr:`!_as_parameter_` 属性，或在此情况下作为 C 函数参数传入的任何东西。 " +"同样，结果应该是整数、字符串、字节串、:mod:`ctypes` 实例或是具有 :attr:`!_as_parameter_` 属性的对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:468 +msgid "Return types" +msgstr "返回类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:478 +msgid "" +"By default functions are assumed to return the C :c:expr:`int` type. Other " +"return types can be specified by setting the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` " +"attribute of the function object." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下都会假定函数返回 C :c:expr:`int` 类型。 其他返回类型可通过设置函数对象的 setting the " +":attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` 属性来指定。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:482 +msgid "" +"The C prototype of :c:func:`time` is ``time_t time(time_t *)``. Because " +":c:type:`time_t` might be of a different type than the default return type " +":c:expr:`int`, you should specify the :attr:`!restype` attribute::" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`time` 的 C 原型是 ``time_t time(time_t *)``。 由于 :c:type:`time_t` " +"的类型可能不同于默认返回类型 :c:expr:`int`，你应当指定 :attr:`!restype` 属性::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:486 +msgid ">>> libc.time.restype = c_time_t" +msgstr ">>> libc.time.restype = c_time_t" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:488 +msgid "" +"The argument types can be specified using :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`::" +msgstr "参数类型可以使用 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 来指定::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:490 +msgid ">>> libc.time.argtypes = (POINTER(c_time_t),)" +msgstr ">>> libc.time.argtypes = (POINTER(c_time_t),)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:492 +msgid "" +"To call the function with a ``NULL`` pointer as first argument, use " +"``None``::" +msgstr "调用该函数时如果要将 ``NULL`` 指针作为第一个参数，请使用 ``None``::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:494 +msgid "" +">>> print(libc.time(None))\n" +"1150640792" +msgstr "" +">>> print(libc.time(None))\n" +"1150640792" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Here is a more advanced example, it uses the :func:`!strchr` function, which" +" expects a string pointer and a char, and returns a pointer to a string::" +msgstr "下面是一个更高级的示例，它使用了 :func:`!strchr` 函数，该函数接收一个字符串指针和一个字符，并返回一个字符串指针::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:500 +msgid "" +">>> strchr = libc.strchr\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", ord(\"d\"))\n" +"8059983\n" +">>> strchr.restype = c_char_p # c_char_p is a pointer to a string\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", ord(\"d\"))\n" +"b'def'\n" +">>> print(strchr(b\"abcdef\", ord(\"x\")))\n" +"None\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> strchr = libc.strchr\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", ord(\"d\"))\n" +"8059983\n" +">>> strchr.restype = c_char_p # c_char_p 是一个指向字符串的指针\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", ord(\"d\"))\n" +"b'def'\n" +">>> print(strchr(b\"abcdef\", ord(\"x\")))\n" +"None\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:510 +msgid "" +"If you want to avoid the :func:`ord(\"x\") ` calls above, you can set " +"the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` attribute, and the second argument will be " +"converted from a single character Python bytes object into a C char:" +msgstr "" +"如果你想要避免上面的 :func:`ord(\"x\") ` 调用，你可以设置 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` " +"属性，第二个参数将从单字符 Python 字节串对象转换为 C char：" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:514 +msgid "" +">>> strchr.restype = c_char_p\n" +">>> strchr.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char]\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"d\")\n" +"b'def'\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"def\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: one character bytes, bytearray or integer expected\n" +">>> print(strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"x\"))\n" +"None\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"d\")\n" +"b'def'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> strchr.restype = c_char_p\n" +">>> strchr.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char]\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"d\")\n" +"b'def'\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"def\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: one character bytes, bytearray or integer expected\n" +">>> print(strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"x\"))\n" +"None\n" +">>> strchr(b\"abcdef\", b\"d\")\n" +"b'def'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:529 +msgid "" +"You can also use a callable Python object (a function or a class for " +"example) as the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` attribute, if the foreign " +"function returns an integer. The callable will be called with the *integer*" +" the C function returns, and the result of this call will be used as the " +"result of your function call. This is useful to check for error return " +"values and automatically raise an exception::" +msgstr "" +"如果外部函数返回一个整数，你也可以使用一个 Python 可调用对象（例如函数或类）作为 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` 属性。 " +"该可调用对象被调用时将附带 C 函数返回的 *整数*，其调用结果将被用作函数调用的结果值。 这对于检查错误返回值并自动引发异常来说很有用处::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:535 +msgid "" +">>> GetModuleHandle = windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA\n" +">>> def ValidHandle(value):\n" +"... if value == 0:\n" +"... raise WinError()\n" +"... return value\n" +"...\n" +">>>\n" +">>> GetModuleHandle.restype = ValidHandle\n" +">>> GetModuleHandle(None)\n" +"486539264\n" +">>> GetModuleHandle(\"something silly\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 3, in ValidHandle\n" +"OSError: [Errno 126] The specified module could not be found.\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> GetModuleHandle = windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA\n" +">>> def ValidHandle(value):\n" +"... if value == 0:\n" +"... raise WinError()\n" +"... return value\n" +"...\n" +">>>\n" +">>> GetModuleHandle.restype = ValidHandle\n" +">>> GetModuleHandle(None)\n" +"486539264\n" +">>> GetModuleHandle(\"something silly\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 3, in ValidHandle\n" +"OSError: [Errno 126] The specified module could not be found.\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:552 +msgid "" +"``WinError`` is a function which will call Windows ``FormatMessage()`` api " +"to get the string representation of an error code, and *returns* an " +"exception. ``WinError`` takes an optional error code parameter, if no one is" +" used, it calls :func:`GetLastError` to retrieve it." +msgstr "" +"``WinError`` 函数可以调用 Windows 的 ``FormatMessage()`` API 获取错误码的字符串说明，然后 *返回* " +"一个异常。 ``WinError`` 接收一个可选的错误码作为参数，如果没有的话，它将调用 :func:`GetLastError` 获取错误码。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Please note that a much more powerful error checking mechanism is available " +"through the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` attribute; see the reference manual " +"for details." +msgstr "请注意通过 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` 属性可提供更强大的错误检查机制；详情见参考手册。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:565 +msgid "Passing pointers (or: passing parameters by reference)" +msgstr "传递指针（或以引用方式传递形参）" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:567 +msgid "" +"Sometimes a C api function expects a *pointer* to a data type as parameter, " +"probably to write into the corresponding location, or if the data is too " +"large to be passed by value. This is also known as *passing parameters by " +"reference*." +msgstr "" +"有时候 C 函数接口可能由于要往某个地址写入值，或者数据太大不适合作为值传递，从而希望接收一个 *指针* 作为数据参数类型。这和 *传递参数引用* " +"类似。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:571 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` exports the :func:`byref` function which is used to pass " +"parameters by reference. The same effect can be achieved with the " +":func:`pointer` function, although :func:`pointer` does a lot more work " +"since it constructs a real pointer object, so it is faster to use " +":func:`byref` if you don't need the pointer object in Python itself::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ctypes` 暴露了 :func:`byref` 函数用于通过引用传递参数，使用 :func:`pointer` " +"函数也能达到同样的效果，只不过 :func:`pointer` 需要更多步骤，因为它要先构造一个真实指针对象。所以在 Python " +"代码本身不需要使用这个指针对象的情况下，使用 :func:`byref` 效率更高。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:577 +msgid "" +">>> i = c_int()\n" +">>> f = c_float()\n" +">>> s = create_string_buffer(b'\\000' * 32)\n" +">>> print(i.value, f.value, repr(s.value))\n" +"0 0.0 b''\n" +">>> libc.sscanf(b\"1 3.14 Hello\", b\"%d %f %s\",\n" +"... byref(i), byref(f), s)\n" +"3\n" +">>> print(i.value, f.value, repr(s.value))\n" +"1 3.1400001049 b'Hello'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> i = c_int()\n" +">>> f = c_float()\n" +">>> s = create_string_buffer(b'\\000' * 32)\n" +">>> print(i.value, f.value, repr(s.value))\n" +"0 0.0 b''\n" +">>> libc.sscanf(b\"1 3.14 Hello\", b\"%d %f %s\",\n" +"... byref(i), byref(f), s)\n" +"3\n" +">>> print(i.value, f.value, repr(s.value))\n" +"1 3.1400001049 b'Hello'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:593 +msgid "Structures and unions" +msgstr "结构体和联合" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:595 +msgid "" +"Structures and unions must derive from the :class:`Structure` and " +":class:`Union` base classes which are defined in the :mod:`ctypes` module. " +"Each subclass must define a :attr:`~Structure._fields_` attribute. " +":attr:`!_fields_` must be a list of *2-tuples*, containing a *field name* " +"and a *field type*." +msgstr "" +"结构体和联合必须派生自 :class:`Structure` 和 :class:`Union` 基类，这两个基类是在 :mod:`ctypes` " +"模块中定义的。 每个子类都必须定义 :attr:`~Structure._fields_` 属性。 :attr:`!_fields_` 必须是一个 " +"*2元组* 的列表，其中包含一个 *字段名称* 和一个 *字段类型*。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:600 +msgid "" +"The field type must be a :mod:`ctypes` type like :class:`c_int`, or any " +"other derived :mod:`ctypes` type: structure, union, array, pointer." +msgstr "" +"type 字段必须是一个 :mod:`ctypes` 类型，比如 :class:`c_int`，或者其他 :mod:`ctypes` 类型: " +"结构体、联合、数组、指针。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:603 +msgid "" +"Here is a simple example of a POINT structure, which contains two integers " +"named *x* and *y*, and also shows how to initialize a structure in the " +"constructor::" +msgstr "这是一个简单的 POINT 结构体，它包含名称为 *x* 和 *y* 的两个变量，还展示了如何通过构造函数初始化结构体。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:606 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class POINT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"x\", c_int),\n" +"... (\"y\", c_int)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> point = POINT(10, 20)\n" +">>> print(point.x, point.y)\n" +"10 20\n" +">>> point = POINT(y=5)\n" +">>> print(point.x, point.y)\n" +"0 5\n" +">>> POINT(1, 2, 3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: too many initializers\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class POINT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"x\", c_int),\n" +"... (\"y\", c_int)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> point = POINT(10, 20)\n" +">>> print(point.x, point.y)\n" +"10 20\n" +">>> point = POINT(y=5)\n" +">>> print(point.x, point.y)\n" +"0 5\n" +">>> POINT(1, 2, 3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: too many initializers\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:623 +msgid "" +"You can, however, build much more complicated structures. A structure can " +"itself contain other structures by using a structure as a field type." +msgstr "当然，你可以构造更复杂的结构体。一个结构体可以通过设置 type 字段包含其他结构体或者自身。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Here is a RECT structure which contains two POINTs named *upperleft* and " +"*lowerright*::" +msgstr "这是以一个 RECT 结构体，他包含了两个 POINT ，分别叫 *upperleft* 和 *lowerright*::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:629 +msgid "" +">>> class RECT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"upperleft\", POINT),\n" +"... (\"lowerright\", POINT)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> rc = RECT(point)\n" +">>> print(rc.upperleft.x, rc.upperleft.y)\n" +"0 5\n" +">>> print(rc.lowerright.x, rc.lowerright.y)\n" +"0 0\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> class RECT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"upperleft\", POINT),\n" +"... (\"lowerright\", POINT)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> rc = RECT(point)\n" +">>> print(rc.upperleft.x, rc.upperleft.y)\n" +"0 5\n" +">>> print(rc.lowerright.x, rc.lowerright.y)\n" +"0 0\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:640 +msgid "" +"Nested structures can also be initialized in the constructor in several " +"ways::" +msgstr "嵌套结构体可以通过几种方式构造初始化::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:642 +msgid "" +">>> r = RECT(POINT(1, 2), POINT(3, 4))\n" +">>> r = RECT((1, 2), (3, 4))" +msgstr "" +">>> r = RECT(POINT(1, 2), POINT(3, 4))\n" +">>> r = RECT((1, 2), (3, 4))" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:645 +msgid "" +"Field :term:`descriptor`\\s can be retrieved from the *class*, they are " +"useful for debugging because they can provide useful information::" +msgstr "可以通过 *类* 获取字段 :term:`descriptor` ，它能提供很多有用的调试信息。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:648 +msgid "" +">>> print(POINT.x)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(POINT.y)\n" +"\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> print(POINT.x)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(POINT.y)\n" +"\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:659 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` does not support passing unions or structures with bit-fields " +"to functions by value. While this may work on 32-bit x86, it's not " +"guaranteed by the library to work in the general case. Unions and " +"structures with bit-fields should always be passed to functions by pointer." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ctypes` 不支持带位域的结构体、联合以值的方式传给函数。这可能在 32 位 x86 " +"平台上可以正常工作，但是对于一般情况，这种行为是未定义的。带位域的结构体、联合应该总是通过指针传递给函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:665 +msgid "Structure/union alignment and byte order" +msgstr "结构体/联合字段对齐及字节顺序" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:667 +msgid "" +"By default, Structure and Union fields are aligned in the same way the C " +"compiler does it. It is possible to override this behavior by specifying a " +":attr:`~Structure._pack_` class attribute in the subclass definition. This " +"must be set to a positive integer and specifies the maximum alignment for " +"the fields. This is what ``#pragma pack(n)`` also does in MSVC. It is also " +"possible to set a minimum alignment for how the subclass itself is packed in" +" the same way ``#pragma align(n)`` works in MSVC. This can be achieved by " +"specifying a :attr:`~Structure._align_` class attribute in the subclass " +"definition." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，Structure 和 Union 字段使用与 C 编译器一样的方式进行对齐。 可以通过在子类定义中指定 " +":attr:`~Structure._pack_` 类属性来覆盖此行为。 该属性必须被设为一个正整数来指明字段的最大对齐值。 这也是 ``#pragma" +" pack(n)`` 在 MSVC 中所做的事情。 还可以使用与. It is also possible to set a minimum " +"alignment for how the subclass itself is packed in the same way ``#pragma " +"align(n)`` 在 MSVC 中一样的方式来设置子类本身数据打包的最小对齐值。 这可以通过在子类定义中指定 " +":attr:`~Structure._align_` 类属性来实现。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:677 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` uses the native byte order for Structures and Unions. To " +"build structures with non-native byte order, you can use one of the " +":class:`BigEndianStructure`, :class:`LittleEndianStructure`, " +":class:`BigEndianUnion`, and :class:`LittleEndianUnion` base classes. These" +" classes cannot contain pointer fields." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ctypes` 中的结构体和联合使用的是本地字节序。要使用非本地字节序，可以使用 :class:`BigEndianStructure`, " +":class:`LittleEndianStructure`, :class:`BigEndianUnion`, and " +":class:`LittleEndianUnion` 作为基类。这些类不能包含指针字段。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:687 +msgid "Bit fields in structures and unions" +msgstr "结构体和联合中的位域" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:689 +msgid "" +"It is possible to create structures and unions containing bit fields. Bit " +"fields are only possible for integer fields, the bit width is specified as " +"the third item in the :attr:`~Structure._fields_` tuples::" +msgstr "" +"可以创建包含位字段的结构体和联合。 位字段只适用于整数字段，位宽度是由 :attr:`~Structure._fields_` " +"元组中的第三项来指定的::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:693 +msgid "" +">>> class Int(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"first_16\", c_int, 16),\n" +"... (\"second_16\", c_int, 16)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(Int.first_16)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(Int.second_16)\n" +"\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> class Int(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"first_16\", c_int, 16),\n" +"... (\"second_16\", c_int, 16)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(Int.first_16)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(Int.second_16)\n" +"\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:707 +msgid "Arrays" +msgstr "数组" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:709 +msgid "" +"Arrays are sequences, containing a fixed number of instances of the same " +"type." +msgstr "数组是一个序列，包含指定个数元素，且必须类型相同。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:711 +msgid "" +"The recommended way to create array types is by multiplying a data type with" +" a positive integer::" +msgstr "创建数组类型的推荐方式是使用一个类型乘以一个正数::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:714 +msgid "TenPointsArrayType = POINT * 10" +msgstr "TenPointsArrayType = POINT * 10" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:716 +msgid "" +"Here is an example of a somewhat artificial data type, a structure " +"containing 4 POINTs among other stuff::" +msgstr "下面是一个构造的数据案例，结构体中包含了4个 POINT 和一些其他东西。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:719 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class POINT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = (\"x\", c_int), (\"y\", c_int)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class MyStruct(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"a\", c_int),\n" +"... (\"b\", c_float),\n" +"... (\"point_array\", POINT * 4)]\n" +">>>\n" +">>> print(len(MyStruct().point_array))\n" +"4\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class POINT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = (\"x\", c_int), (\"y\", c_int)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class MyStruct(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"a\", c_int),\n" +"... (\"b\", c_float),\n" +"... (\"point_array\", POINT * 4)]\n" +">>>\n" +">>> print(len(MyStruct().point_array))\n" +"4\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:732 +msgid "Instances are created in the usual way, by calling the class::" +msgstr "和平常一样，通过调用它创建实例::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:734 +msgid "" +"arr = TenPointsArrayType()\n" +"for pt in arr:\n" +" print(pt.x, pt.y)" +msgstr "" +"arr = TenPointsArrayType()\n" +"for pt in arr:\n" +" print(pt.x, pt.y)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:738 +msgid "" +"The above code print a series of ``0 0`` lines, because the array contents " +"is initialized to zeros." +msgstr "以上代码会打印几行 ``0 0`` ，因为数组内容被初始化为 0." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:741 +msgid "Initializers of the correct type can also be specified::" +msgstr "也能通过指定正确类型的数据来初始化::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:743 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> TenIntegers = c_int * 10\n" +">>> ii = TenIntegers(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)\n" +">>> print(ii)\n" +"\n" +">>> for i in ii: print(i, end=\" \")\n" +"...\n" +"1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> TenIntegers = c_int * 10\n" +">>> ii = TenIntegers(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)\n" +">>> print(ii)\n" +"\n" +">>> for i in ii: print(i, end=\" \")\n" +"...\n" +"1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:757 +msgid "Pointers" +msgstr "指针" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:759 +msgid "" +"Pointer instances are created by calling the :func:`pointer` function on a " +":mod:`ctypes` type::" +msgstr "可以将 :mod:`ctypes` 类型数据传入 :func:`pointer` 函数创建指针::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:762 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> i = c_int(42)\n" +">>> pi = pointer(i)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> i = c_int(42)\n" +">>> pi = pointer(i)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:767 +msgid "" +"Pointer instances have a :attr:`~_Pointer.contents` attribute which returns " +"the object to which the pointer points, the ``i`` object above::" +msgstr "指针实例拥有 :attr:`~_Pointer.contents` 属性，它返回指针指向的真实对象，如上面的 ``i`` 对象::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:770 +msgid "" +">>> pi.contents\n" +"c_long(42)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> pi.contents\n" +"c_long(42)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:774 +msgid "" +"Note that :mod:`ctypes` does not have OOR (original object return), it " +"constructs a new, equivalent object each time you retrieve an attribute::" +msgstr "注意 :mod:`ctypes` 并没有 OOR （返回原始对象）, 每次访问这个属性时都会构造返回一个新的相同对象::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:777 +msgid "" +">>> pi.contents is i\n" +"False\n" +">>> pi.contents is pi.contents\n" +"False\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> pi.contents is i\n" +"False\n" +">>> pi.contents is pi.contents\n" +"False\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:783 +msgid "" +"Assigning another :class:`c_int` instance to the pointer's contents " +"attribute would cause the pointer to point to the memory location where this" +" is stored::" +msgstr "将这个指针的 contents 属性赋值为另一个 :class:`c_int` 实例将会导致该指针指向该实例的内存地址::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:786 +msgid "" +">>> i = c_int(99)\n" +">>> pi.contents = i\n" +">>> pi.contents\n" +"c_long(99)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> i = c_int(99)\n" +">>> pi.contents = i\n" +">>> pi.contents\n" +"c_long(99)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:795 +msgid "Pointer instances can also be indexed with integers::" +msgstr "指针对象也可以通过整数下标进行访问::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:797 +msgid "" +">>> pi[0]\n" +"99\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> pi[0]\n" +"99\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:801 +msgid "Assigning to an integer index changes the pointed to value::" +msgstr "通过整数下标赋值可以改变指针所指向的真实内容::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:803 +msgid "" +">>> print(i)\n" +"c_long(99)\n" +">>> pi[0] = 22\n" +">>> print(i)\n" +"c_long(22)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> print(i)\n" +"c_long(99)\n" +">>> pi[0] = 22\n" +">>> print(i)\n" +"c_long(22)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:810 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to use indexes different from 0, but you must know what " +"you're doing, just as in C: You can access or change arbitrary memory " +"locations. Generally you only use this feature if you receive a pointer from" +" a C function, and you *know* that the pointer actually points to an array " +"instead of a single item." +msgstr "" +"使用 0 以外的索引也是合法的，但是你必须确保知道自己为什么这么做，就像 C 语言中: 你可以访问或者修改任意内存内容。 " +"通常只会在函数接收指针是才会使用这种特性，而且你 *知道* 这个指针指向的是一个数组而不是单个值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:816 +msgid "" +"Behind the scenes, the :func:`pointer` function does more than simply create" +" pointer instances, it has to create pointer *types* first. This is done " +"with the :func:`POINTER` function, which accepts any :mod:`ctypes` type, and" +" returns a new type::" +msgstr "" +"内部细节, :func:`pointer` 函数不只是创建了一个指针实例，它首先创建了一个指针 *类型* 。这是通过调用 " +":func:`POINTER` 函数实现的，它接收 :mod:`ctypes` 类型为参数，返回一个新的类型::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:821 +msgid "" +">>> PI = POINTER(c_int)\n" +">>> PI\n" +"\n" +">>> PI(42)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: expected c_long instead of int\n" +">>> PI(c_int(42))\n" +"\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> PI = POINTER(c_int)\n" +">>> PI\n" +"\n" +">>> PI(42)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: expected c_long instead of int\n" +">>> PI(c_int(42))\n" +"\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:832 +msgid "" +"Calling the pointer type without an argument creates a ``NULL`` pointer. " +"``NULL`` pointers have a ``False`` boolean value::" +msgstr "无参调用指针类型可以创建一个 ``NULL`` 指针。 ``NULL`` 指针的布尔值是 ``False`` ::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:835 +msgid "" +">>> null_ptr = POINTER(c_int)()\n" +">>> print(bool(null_ptr))\n" +"False\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> null_ptr = POINTER(c_int)()\n" +">>> print(bool(null_ptr))\n" +"False\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:840 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` checks for ``NULL`` when dereferencing pointers (but " +"dereferencing invalid non-\\ ``NULL`` pointers would crash Python)::" +msgstr "" +"解引用指针的时候， :mod:`ctypes` 会帮你检测是否指针为 ``NULL`` (但是解引用无效的 非 ``NULL`` 指针仍会导致 " +"Python 崩溃)::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:843 +msgid "" +">>> null_ptr[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ....\n" +"ValueError: NULL pointer access\n" +">>>\n" +"\n" +">>> null_ptr[0] = 1234\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ....\n" +"ValueError: NULL pointer access\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> null_ptr[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ....\n" +"ValueError: NULL pointer access\n" +">>>\n" +"\n" +">>> null_ptr[0] = 1234\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ....\n" +"ValueError: NULL pointer access\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:859 +msgid "Type conversions" +msgstr "类型转换" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:861 +msgid "" +"Usually, ctypes does strict type checking. This means, if you have " +"``POINTER(c_int)`` in the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` list of a function or " +"as the type of a member field in a structure definition, only instances of " +"exactly the same type are accepted. There are some exceptions to this rule," +" where ctypes accepts other objects. For example, you can pass compatible " +"array instances instead of pointer types. So, for ``POINTER(c_int)``, " +"ctypes accepts an array of c_int::" +msgstr "" +"通常，ctypes 会进行严格的类型检查。 这意味着，如果在某个函数的 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 列表中有 " +"``POINTER(c_int)`` 或在结构体定义中将其用作成员字段的类型，则只接受完全相同类型的实例。 此规则也有一些例外情况，在这些情况下 " +"ctypes 可以接受其他对象。 例如，你可以传入兼容的数组实例而不是指针类型。 因此，对于 ``POINTER(c_int)``，ctypes " +"接受一个 c_int 数组::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:868 +msgid "" +">>> class Bar(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"count\", c_int), (\"values\", POINTER(c_int))]\n" +"...\n" +">>> bar = Bar()\n" +">>> bar.values = (c_int * 3)(1, 2, 3)\n" +">>> bar.count = 3\n" +">>> for i in range(bar.count):\n" +"... print(bar.values[i])\n" +"...\n" +"1\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> class Bar(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"count\", c_int), (\"values\", POINTER(c_int))]\n" +"...\n" +">>> bar = Bar()\n" +">>> bar.values = (c_int * 3)(1, 2, 3)\n" +">>> bar.count = 3\n" +">>> for i in range(bar.count):\n" +"... print(bar.values[i])\n" +"...\n" +"1\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:882 +msgid "" +"In addition, if a function argument is explicitly declared to be a pointer " +"type (such as ``POINTER(c_int)``) in :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`, an object " +"of the pointed type (``c_int`` in this case) can be passed to the function." +" ctypes will apply the required :func:`byref` conversion in this case " +"automatically." +msgstr "" +"此外，如果一个函数参数在 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 中显式地声明为指针类型 (如 " +"``POINTER(c_int)``)，则可以向该函数传递所指向的类型的对象 (在本例 中为 ``c_int``)。 在这种情况下，ctypes " +"将自动应用所需的 :func:`byref` 转换。conversion in this case automatically." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:887 +msgid "To set a POINTER type field to ``NULL``, you can assign ``None``::" +msgstr "可以给指针内容赋值为 None 将其设置为 ``Null`` ::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:889 +msgid "" +">>> bar.values = None\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> bar.values = None\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:894 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you have instances of incompatible types. In C, you can cast one " +"type into another type. :mod:`ctypes` provides a :func:`cast` function " +"which can be used in the same way. The ``Bar`` structure defined above " +"accepts ``POINTER(c_int)`` pointers or :class:`c_int` arrays for its " +"``values`` field, but not instances of other types::" +msgstr "" +"有时候你拥有一个不兼容的类型。 在 C 中，你可以将一个类型强制转换为另一个。 :mod:`ctypes` 中的 a :func:`cast` " +"函数提供了相同的功能。 上面的结构体 ``Bar`` 的 ``value`` 字段接收 ``POINTER(c_int)`` 指针或者 " +":class:`c_int` 数组，但是不能接受其他类型的实例::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:900 +msgid "" +">>> bar.values = (c_byte * 4)()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: incompatible types, c_byte_Array_4 instance instead of LP_c_long instance\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> bar.values = (c_byte * 4)()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: incompatible types, c_byte_Array_4 instance instead of LP_c_long instance\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:906 +msgid "For these cases, the :func:`cast` function is handy." +msgstr "这种情况下, 需要手动使用 :func:`cast` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:908 +msgid "" +"The :func:`cast` function can be used to cast a ctypes instance into a " +"pointer to a different ctypes data type. :func:`cast` takes two parameters," +" a ctypes object that is or can be converted to a pointer of some kind, and " +"a ctypes pointer type. It returns an instance of the second argument, which" +" references the same memory block as the first argument::" +msgstr "" +":func:`cast` 函数可以将一个指针实例强制转换为另一种 ctypes 类型。 :func:`cast` 接收两个参数，一个 ctypes " +"指针对象或者可以被转换为指针的其他类型对象，和一个 ctypes 指针类型。 返回第二个类型的一个实例，该返回实例和第一个参数指向同一片内存空间::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:914 +msgid "" +">>> a = (c_byte * 4)()\n" +">>> cast(a, POINTER(c_int))\n" +"\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> a = (c_byte * 4)()\n" +">>> cast(a, POINTER(c_int))\n" +"\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:919 +msgid "" +"So, :func:`cast` can be used to assign to the ``values`` field of ``Bar`` " +"the structure::" +msgstr "所以 :func:`cast` 可以用来给结构体 ``Bar`` 的 ``values`` 字段赋值::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:922 +msgid "" +">>> bar = Bar()\n" +">>> bar.values = cast((c_byte * 4)(), POINTER(c_int))\n" +">>> print(bar.values[0])\n" +"0\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> bar = Bar()\n" +">>> bar.values = cast((c_byte * 4)(), POINTER(c_int))\n" +">>> print(bar.values[0])\n" +"0\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:932 +msgid "Incomplete Types" +msgstr "不完整类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:934 +msgid "" +"*Incomplete Types* are structures, unions or arrays whose members are not " +"yet specified. In C, they are specified by forward declarations, which are " +"defined later::" +msgstr "*不完整类型* 即还没有定义成员的结构体、联合或者数组。在 C 中，它们通常用于前置声明，然后在后面定义::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:938 +msgid "" +"struct cell; /* forward declaration */\n" +"\n" +"struct cell {\n" +" char *name;\n" +" struct cell *next;\n" +"};" +msgstr "" +"struct cell; /* 前向声明 */\n" +"\n" +"struct cell {\n" +" char *name;\n" +" struct cell *next;\n" +"};" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:945 +msgid "" +"The straightforward translation into ctypes code would be this, but it does " +"not work::" +msgstr "直接翻译成 ctypes 的代码如下，但是这行不通::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:948 +msgid "" +">>> class cell(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"name\", c_char_p),\n" +"... (\"next\", POINTER(cell))]\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 2, in cell\n" +"NameError: name 'cell' is not defined\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> class cell(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"name\", c_char_p),\n" +"... (\"next\", POINTER(cell))]\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 2, in cell\n" +"NameError: name 'cell' is not defined\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:958 +msgid "" +"because the new ``class cell`` is not available in the class statement " +"itself. In :mod:`ctypes`, we can define the ``cell`` class and set the " +":attr:`~Structure._fields_` attribute later, after the class statement::" +msgstr "" +"因为新的 ``class cell`` 在 class 语句本身中是不可用的。 在 :mod:`ctypes` 中，我们可以定义 ``cell`` " +"类再在 class 语句之后设置 :attr:`~Structure._fields_` 属性::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:962 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class cell(Structure):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> cell._fields_ = [(\"name\", c_char_p),\n" +"... (\"next\", POINTER(cell))]\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class cell(Structure):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> cell._fields_ = [(\"name\", c_char_p),\n" +"... (\"next\", POINTER(cell))]\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:970 +msgid "" +"Let's try it. We create two instances of ``cell``, and let them point to " +"each other, and finally follow the pointer chain a few times::" +msgstr "让我们试试。我们定义两个 ``cell`` 实例，让它们互相指向对方，然后通过指针链式访问几次::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:973 +msgid "" +">>> c1 = cell()\n" +">>> c1.name = b\"foo\"\n" +">>> c2 = cell()\n" +">>> c2.name = b\"bar\"\n" +">>> c1.next = pointer(c2)\n" +">>> c2.next = pointer(c1)\n" +">>> p = c1\n" +">>> for i in range(8):\n" +"... print(p.name, end=\" \")\n" +"... p = p.next[0]\n" +"...\n" +"foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> c1 = cell()\n" +">>> c1.name = b\"foo\"\n" +">>> c2 = cell()\n" +">>> c2.name = b\"bar\"\n" +">>> c1.next = pointer(c2)\n" +">>> c2.next = pointer(c1)\n" +">>> p = c1\n" +">>> for i in range(8):\n" +"... print(p.name, end=\" \")\n" +"... p = p.next[0]\n" +"...\n" +"foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:991 +msgid "Callback functions" +msgstr "回调函数" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:993 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` allows creating C callable function pointers from Python " +"callables. These are sometimes called *callback functions*." +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes` 允许创建一个指向 Python 可调用对象的 C 函数。它们有时候被称为 *回调函数* 。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:996 +msgid "" +"First, you must create a class for the callback function. The class knows " +"the calling convention, the return type, and the number and types of " +"arguments this function will receive." +msgstr "首先，你必须为回调函数创建一个类，这个类知道调用约定，包括返回值类型以及函数接收的参数类型及个数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"The :func:`CFUNCTYPE` factory function creates types for callback functions " +"using the ``cdecl`` calling convention. On Windows, the :func:`WINFUNCTYPE` " +"factory function creates types for callback functions using the ``stdcall`` " +"calling convention." +msgstr "" +":func:`CFUNCTYPE` 工厂函数使用 ``cdecl`` 调用约定创建回调函数类型。在 Windows 上， " +":func:`WINFUNCTYPE` 工厂函数使用 ``stdcall`` 调用约定为回调函数创建类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"Both of these factory functions are called with the result type as first " +"argument, and the callback functions expected argument types as the " +"remaining arguments." +msgstr "这些工厂函数的第一个参数是返回值类型，回调函数的参数类型作为剩余参数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"I will present an example here which uses the standard C library's " +":c:func:`!qsort` function, that is used to sort items with the help of a " +"callback function. :c:func:`!qsort` will be used to sort an array of " +"integers::" +msgstr "" +"这里展示一个使用标准 C 库的 :c:func:`!qsort` 函数例子，使用它在一个回调函数的协助下对条目进行排序。 " +":c:func:`!qsort` 将被用来给一个整数的数组排序::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1013 +msgid "" +">>> IntArray5 = c_int * 5\n" +">>> ia = IntArray5(5, 1, 7, 33, 99)\n" +">>> qsort = libc.qsort\n" +">>> qsort.restype = None\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> IntArray5 = c_int * 5\n" +">>> ia = IntArray5(5, 1, 7, 33, 99)\n" +">>> qsort = libc.qsort\n" +">>> qsort.restype = None\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1019 +msgid "" +":func:`!qsort` must be called with a pointer to the data to sort, the number" +" of items in the data array, the size of one item, and a pointer to the " +"comparison function, the callback. The callback will then be called with two" +" pointers to items, and it must return a negative integer if the first item " +"is smaller than the second, a zero if they are equal, and a positive integer" +" otherwise." +msgstr "" +":func:`!qsort` 被调用时必须传入一个指向要排序的数据的指针、数据数组中的条目数、每条目的大小以及一个指向比较函数即回调函数的指针。 " +"回调函数将附带两个指向条目的指针进行调用，如果第一个条目小于第二个条目则它必须返回一个负整数，如果两者相等则返回零，在其他情况下则返回一个正整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"So our callback function receives pointers to integers, and must return an " +"integer. First we create the ``type`` for the callback function::" +msgstr "所以，我们的回调函数要接收两个整数指针，返回一个整数。首先我们创建回调函数的 ``类型`` ::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1028 +msgid "" +">>> CMPFUNC = CFUNCTYPE(c_int, POINTER(c_int), POINTER(c_int))\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> CMPFUNC = CFUNCTYPE(c_int, POINTER(c_int), POINTER(c_int))\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"To get started, here is a simple callback that shows the values it gets " +"passed::" +msgstr "首先，这是一个简单的回调，它会显示传入的值::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1034 +msgid "" +">>> def py_cmp_func(a, b):\n" +"... print(\"py_cmp_func\", a[0], b[0])\n" +"... return 0\n" +"...\n" +">>> cmp_func = CMPFUNC(py_cmp_func)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> def py_cmp_func(a, b):\n" +"... print(\"py_cmp_func\", a[0], b[0])\n" +"... return 0\n" +"...\n" +">>> cmp_func = CMPFUNC(py_cmp_func)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1041 +msgid "The result::" +msgstr "结果::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1043 +msgid "" +">>> qsort(ia, len(ia), sizeof(c_int), cmp_func)\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 1\n" +"py_cmp_func 33 99\n" +"py_cmp_func 7 33\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 7\n" +"py_cmp_func 1 7\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> qsort(ia, len(ia), sizeof(c_int), cmp_func)\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 1\n" +"py_cmp_func 33 99\n" +"py_cmp_func 7 33\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 7\n" +"py_cmp_func 1 7\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1051 +msgid "Now we can actually compare the two items and return a useful result::" +msgstr "现在我们可以比较两个元素并返回有用的结果了::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1053 +msgid "" +">>> def py_cmp_func(a, b):\n" +"... print(\"py_cmp_func\", a[0], b[0])\n" +"... return a[0] - b[0]\n" +"...\n" +">>>\n" +">>> qsort(ia, len(ia), sizeof(c_int), CMPFUNC(py_cmp_func))\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 1\n" +"py_cmp_func 33 99\n" +"py_cmp_func 7 33\n" +"py_cmp_func 1 7\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 7\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> def py_cmp_func(a, b):\n" +"... print(\"py_cmp_func\", a[0], b[0])\n" +"... return a[0] - b[0]\n" +"...\n" +">>>\n" +">>> qsort(ia, len(ia), sizeof(c_int), CMPFUNC(py_cmp_func))\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 1\n" +"py_cmp_func 33 99\n" +"py_cmp_func 7 33\n" +"py_cmp_func 1 7\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 7\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1066 +msgid "As we can easily check, our array is sorted now::" +msgstr "我们可以轻易地验证，现在数组是有序的了::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1068 +msgid "" +">>> for i in ia: print(i, end=\" \")\n" +"...\n" +"1 5 7 33 99\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> for i in ia: print(i, end=\" \")\n" +"...\n" +"1 5 7 33 99\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"The function factories can be used as decorator factories, so we may as well" +" write::" +msgstr "这些工厂函数可以当作装饰器工厂，所以可以这样写::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1076 +msgid "" +">>> @CFUNCTYPE(c_int, POINTER(c_int), POINTER(c_int))\n" +"... def py_cmp_func(a, b):\n" +"... print(\"py_cmp_func\", a[0], b[0])\n" +"... return a[0] - b[0]\n" +"...\n" +">>> qsort(ia, len(ia), sizeof(c_int), py_cmp_func)\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 1\n" +"py_cmp_func 33 99\n" +"py_cmp_func 7 33\n" +"py_cmp_func 1 7\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 7\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> @CFUNCTYPE(c_int, POINTER(c_int), POINTER(c_int))\n" +"... def py_cmp_func(a, b):\n" +"... print(\"py_cmp_func\", a[0], b[0])\n" +"... return a[0] - b[0]\n" +"...\n" +">>> qsort(ia, len(ia), sizeof(c_int), py_cmp_func)\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 1\n" +"py_cmp_func 33 99\n" +"py_cmp_func 7 33\n" +"py_cmp_func 1 7\n" +"py_cmp_func 5 7\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1091 +msgid "" +"Make sure you keep references to :func:`CFUNCTYPE` objects as long as they " +"are used from C code. :mod:`ctypes` doesn't, and if you don't, they may be " +"garbage collected, crashing your program when a callback is made." +msgstr "" +"请确保你维持的 :func:`CFUNCTYPE` 对象的引用周期与它们在 C 代码中的使用期一样长。 :mod:`ctypes` " +"不会确保这一点，如果不这样做，它们可能会被垃圾回收，导致程序在执行回调函数时发生崩溃。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"Also, note that if the callback function is called in a thread created " +"outside of Python's control (e.g. by the foreign code that calls the " +"callback), ctypes creates a new dummy Python thread on every invocation. " +"This behavior is correct for most purposes, but it means that values stored " +"with :class:`threading.local` will *not* survive across different callbacks," +" even when those calls are made from the same C thread." +msgstr "" +"注意，如果回调函数在Python之外的另外一个线程使用(比如，外部代码调用这个回调函数)， ctypes 会在每一次调用上创建一个虚拟 Python " +"线程。这个行为在大多数情况下是合理的，但也意味着如果有数据使用 :class:`threading.local` " +"方式存储，将无法访问，就算它们是在同一个 C 线程中调用的 。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1105 +msgid "Accessing values exported from dlls" +msgstr "访问 dll 的导出变量" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Some shared libraries not only export functions, they also export variables." +" An example in the Python library itself is the :c:data:`Py_Version`, Python" +" runtime version number encoded in a single constant integer." +msgstr "" +"某些共享库不仅会导出函数，还会导出变量。 一个例子就是 Python 库本身的 :c:data:`Py_Version`，Python " +"运行时版本号被编码为单个整数常量。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1111 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` can access values like this with the :meth:`~_CData.in_dll` " +"class methods of the type. *pythonapi* is a predefined symbol giving access" +" to the Python C api::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ctypes` 可以通过类型的 :meth:`~_CData.in_dll` 类方法访问这样的值。 *pythonapi* 是一个用于访问 " +"Python C api 预定义符号::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1115 +msgid "" +">>> version = ctypes.c_int.in_dll(ctypes.pythonapi, \"Py_Version\")\n" +">>> print(hex(version.value))\n" +"0x30c00a0" +msgstr "" +">>> version = ctypes.c_int.in_dll(ctypes.pythonapi, \"Py_Version\")\n" +">>> print(hex(version.value))\n" +"0x30c00a0" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1119 +msgid "" +"An extended example which also demonstrates the use of pointers accesses the" +" :c:data:`PyImport_FrozenModules` pointer exported by Python." +msgstr "" +"一个扩展例子, 同时也展示了使用指针访问 Python 导出的 :c:data:`PyImport_FrozenModules` 指针对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1122 +msgid "Quoting the docs for that value:" +msgstr "对文档中这个值的解释说明" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"This pointer is initialized to point to an array of :c:struct:`_frozen` " +"records, terminated by one whose members are all ``NULL`` or zero. When a " +"frozen module is imported, it is searched in this table. Third-party code " +"could play tricks with this to provide a dynamically created collection of " +"frozen modules." +msgstr "" +"该指针被初始化为指向一个 :c:struct:`_frozen` 记录的数组，以一个所有成员均为 ``NULL`` 或零的记录表示结束。 " +"当一个冻结模块被导入时，它将在此表中被搜索。 第三方代码可以利用此方式来提供动态创建的冻结模块集。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1129 +msgid "" +"So manipulating this pointer could even prove useful. To restrict the " +"example size, we show only how this table can be read with :mod:`ctypes`::" +msgstr "这足以证明修改这个指针是很有用的。为了让实例大小不至于太长，这里只展示如何使用 :mod:`ctypes` 读取这个表::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1132 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>>\n" +">>> class struct_frozen(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"name\", c_char_p),\n" +"... (\"code\", POINTER(c_ubyte)),\n" +"... (\"size\", c_int),\n" +"... (\"get_code\", POINTER(c_ubyte)), # Function pointer\n" +"... ]\n" +"...\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>>\n" +">>> class struct_frozen(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"name\", c_char_p),\n" +"... (\"code\", POINTER(c_ubyte)),\n" +"... (\"size\", c_int),\n" +"... (\"get_code\", POINTER(c_ubyte)), # 函数指针\n" +"... ]\n" +"...\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"We have defined the :c:struct:`_frozen` data type, so we can get the pointer" +" to the table::" +msgstr "我们定义了 :c:struct:`_frozen` 数据类型，所以我们可以获取表的指针::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1146 +msgid "" +">>> FrozenTable = POINTER(struct_frozen)\n" +">>> table = FrozenTable.in_dll(pythonapi, \"_PyImport_FrozenBootstrap\")\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> FrozenTable = POINTER(struct_frozen)\n" +">>> table = FrozenTable.in_dll(pythonapi, \"_PyImport_FrozenBootstrap\")\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"Since ``table`` is a ``pointer`` to the array of ``struct_frozen`` records, " +"we can iterate over it, but we just have to make sure that our loop " +"terminates, because pointers have no size. Sooner or later it would probably" +" crash with an access violation or whatever, so it's better to break out of " +"the loop when we hit the ``NULL`` entry::" +msgstr "" +"由于 ``table`` 是指向 ``struct_frozen`` 数组的 ``指针`` " +"，我们可以遍历它，只不过需要自己判断循环是否结束，因为指针本身并不包含长度。它早晚会因为访问到野指针或者什么的把自己搞崩溃，所以我们最好在遇到 " +"``NULL`` 后就让它退出循环::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1156 +msgid "" +">>> for item in table:\n" +"... if item.name is None:\n" +"... break\n" +"... print(item.name.decode(\"ascii\"), item.size)\n" +"...\n" +"_frozen_importlib 31764\n" +"_frozen_importlib_external 41499\n" +"zipimport 12345\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> for item in table:\n" +"... if item.name is None:\n" +"... break\n" +"... print(item.name.decode(\"ascii\"), item.size)\n" +"...\n" +"_frozen_importlib 31764\n" +"_frozen_importlib_external 41499\n" +"zipimport 12345\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"The fact that standard Python has a frozen module and a frozen package " +"(indicated by the negative ``size`` member) is not well known, it is only " +"used for testing. Try it out with ``import __hello__`` for example." +msgstr "" +"Python 的冻结模块和冻结包(由负 ``size`` 成员表示)并不是广为人知的事情，它们仅仅用于实验。例如，可以使用 ``import " +"__hello__`` 尝试一下这个功能。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1174 +msgid "Surprises" +msgstr "意外" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"There are some edges in :mod:`ctypes` where you might expect something other" +" than what actually happens." +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes` 也有自己的边界，有时候会发生一些意想不到的事情。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1179 +msgid "Consider the following example::" +msgstr "比如下面的例子::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1181 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class POINT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = (\"x\", c_int), (\"y\", c_int)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class RECT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = (\"a\", POINT), (\"b\", POINT)\n" +"...\n" +">>> p1 = POINT(1, 2)\n" +">>> p2 = POINT(3, 4)\n" +">>> rc = RECT(p1, p2)\n" +">>> print(rc.a.x, rc.a.y, rc.b.x, rc.b.y)\n" +"1 2 3 4\n" +">>> # now swap the two points\n" +">>> rc.a, rc.b = rc.b, rc.a\n" +">>> print(rc.a.x, rc.a.y, rc.b.x, rc.b.y)\n" +"3 4 3 4\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import *\n" +">>> class POINT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = (\"x\", c_int), (\"y\", c_int)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class RECT(Structure):\n" +"... _fields_ = (\"a\", POINT), (\"b\", POINT)\n" +"...\n" +">>> p1 = POINT(1, 2)\n" +">>> p2 = POINT(3, 4)\n" +">>> rc = RECT(p1, p2)\n" +">>> print(rc.a.x, rc.a.y, rc.b.x, rc.b.y)\n" +"1 2 3 4\n" +">>> # 现在交换这两个\n" +">>> rc.a, rc.b = rc.b, rc.a\n" +">>> print(rc.a.x, rc.a.y, rc.b.x, rc.b.y)\n" +"3 4 3 4\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"Hm. We certainly expected the last statement to print ``3 4 1 2``. What " +"happened? Here are the steps of the ``rc.a, rc.b = rc.b, rc.a`` line above::" +msgstr "" +"嗯。我们预想应该打印 ``3 4 1 2`` 。但是为什么呢? 这是 ``rc.a, rc.b = rc.b, rc.a`` 这行代码展开后的步骤::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1202 +msgid "" +">>> temp0, temp1 = rc.b, rc.a\n" +">>> rc.a = temp0\n" +">>> rc.b = temp1\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> temp0, temp1 = rc.b, rc.a\n" +">>> rc.a = temp0\n" +">>> rc.b = temp1\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1207 +msgid "" +"Note that ``temp0`` and ``temp1`` are objects still using the internal " +"buffer of the ``rc`` object above. So executing ``rc.a = temp0`` copies the " +"buffer contents of ``temp0`` into ``rc`` 's buffer. This, in turn, changes " +"the contents of ``temp1``. So, the last assignment ``rc.b = temp1``, doesn't" +" have the expected effect." +msgstr "" +"注意 ``temp0`` 和 ``temp1`` 对象始终引用了对象 ``rc`` 的内容。然后执行 ``rc.a = temp0`` 会把 " +"``temp0`` 的内容拷贝到 ``rc`` 的空间。这也改变了 ``temp1`` 的内容。最终导致赋值语句 ``rc.b = temp1`` " +"没有产生预想的效果。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"Keep in mind that retrieving sub-objects from Structure, Unions, and Arrays " +"doesn't *copy* the sub-object, instead it retrieves a wrapper object " +"accessing the root-object's underlying buffer." +msgstr "记住，访问被包含在结构体、联合、数组中的对象并不会将其 *复制* 出来，而是得到了一个代理对象，它是对根对象的内部内容的一层包装。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1217 +msgid "" +"Another example that may behave differently from what one would expect is " +"this::" +msgstr "下面是另一个可能和预期有偏差的例子::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1219 +msgid "" +">>> s = c_char_p()\n" +">>> s.value = b\"abc def ghi\"\n" +">>> s.value\n" +"b'abc def ghi'\n" +">>> s.value is s.value\n" +"False\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> s = c_char_p()\n" +">>> s.value = b\"abc def ghi\"\n" +">>> s.value\n" +"b'abc def ghi'\n" +">>> s.value is s.value\n" +"False\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"Objects instantiated from :class:`c_char_p` can only have their value set to" +" bytes or integers." +msgstr "使用 :class:`c_char_p`  实例化的对象只能将其值设置为 bytes 或者整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"Why is it printing ``False``? ctypes instances are objects containing a " +"memory block plus some :term:`descriptor`\\s accessing the contents of the " +"memory. Storing a Python object in the memory block does not store the " +"object itself, instead the ``contents`` of the object is stored. Accessing " +"the contents again constructs a new Python object each time!" +msgstr "" +"为什么这里打印了 ``False`` ？ ctypes 实例是一些内存块加上一些用于访问这些内存块的 :term:`descriptor` 组成。将 " +"Python 对象存储在内存块并不会存储对象本身，而是存储了对象的 ``内容`` 。每次访问对象的内容都会构造一个新的 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1242 +msgid "Variable-sized data types" +msgstr "变长数据类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1244 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` provides some support for variable-sized arrays and " +"structures." +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes` 对变长数组和结构体提供了一些支持 。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1246 +msgid "" +"The :func:`resize` function can be used to resize the memory buffer of an " +"existing ctypes object. The function takes the object as first argument, " +"and the requested size in bytes as the second argument. The memory block " +"cannot be made smaller than the natural memory block specified by the " +"objects type, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised if this is tried::" +msgstr "" +" :func:`resize` 函数可以用于改变已有的 ctypes " +"对象内存缓冲区大小。此函数第一个参数是ctypes对象，第二个参数是要求调整后的大小，单位是字节。不能使存储块小于对象的原有大小，否则抛出 " +":exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1252 +msgid "" +">>> short_array = (c_short * 4)()\n" +">>> print(sizeof(short_array))\n" +"8\n" +">>> resize(short_array, 4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: minimum size is 8\n" +">>> resize(short_array, 32)\n" +">>> sizeof(short_array)\n" +"32\n" +">>> sizeof(type(short_array))\n" +"8\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> short_array = (c_short * 4)()\n" +">>> print(sizeof(short_array))\n" +"8\n" +">>> resize(short_array, 4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: minimum size is 8\n" +">>> resize(short_array, 32)\n" +">>> sizeof(short_array)\n" +"32\n" +">>> sizeof(type(short_array))\n" +"8\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1266 +msgid "" +"This is nice and fine, but how would one access the additional elements " +"contained in this array? Since the type still only knows about 4 elements, " +"we get errors accessing other elements::" +msgstr "这非常好，但是要怎么访问数组中额外的元素呢？因为数组类型已经定义包含4个元素，导致我们访问新增元素时会产生以下错误::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1270 +msgid "" +">>> short_array[:]\n" +"[0, 0, 0, 0]\n" +">>> short_array[7]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"IndexError: invalid index\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> short_array[:]\n" +"[0, 0, 0, 0]\n" +">>> short_array[7]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"IndexError: invalid index\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Another way to use variable-sized data types with :mod:`ctypes` is to use " +"the dynamic nature of Python, and (re-)define the data type after the " +"required size is already known, on a case by case basis." +msgstr "" +"使用 :mod:`ctypes` 访问变长数据类型的一个可行方法是利用 Python " +"的动态特性，根据具体情况，在知道这个数据的大小后，(重新)指定这个数据的类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1286 +msgid "ctypes reference" +msgstr "ctypes 参考手册" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1292 +msgid "Finding shared libraries" +msgstr "寻找动态链接库" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1294 +msgid "" +"When programming in a compiled language, shared libraries are accessed when " +"compiling/linking a program, and when the program is run." +msgstr "在编译型语言中，动态链接库会在编译、链接或者程序运行时访问。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1297 +msgid "" +"The purpose of the :func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` function is to locate a" +" library in a way similar to what the compiler or runtime loader does (on " +"platforms with several versions of a shared library the most recent should " +"be loaded), while the ctypes library loaders act like when a program is run," +" and call the runtime loader directly." +msgstr "" +":func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` " +"函数的目的是以类似于编译器或运行时加载器的方式来定位库（在有多个共享库版本的平台上应当加载最新的版本），而 ctypes " +"库加载器的行为类似于程序已经运行时直接调用运行时加载器。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!ctypes.util` module provides a function which can help to " +"determine the library to load." +msgstr ":mod:`!ctypes.util` 模块提供了一个函数，可以帮助确定要加载的库。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"Try to find a library and return a pathname. *name* is the library name " +"without any prefix like *lib*, suffix like ``.so``, ``.dylib`` or version " +"number (this is the form used for the posix linker option :option:`!-l`). " +"If no library can be found, returns ``None``." +msgstr "" +"尝试寻找一个库然后返回其路径名， *name* 是库名称, 且去除了 *lib* 等前缀和 ``.so`` 、 ``.dylib`` " +"、版本号等后缀(这是 posix 连接器 :option:`!-l` 选项使用的格式)。如果没有找到对应的库，则返回 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1316 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2002 +msgid "The exact functionality is system dependent." +msgstr "确切的功能取决于系统。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"On Linux, :func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` tries to run external programs " +"(``/sbin/ldconfig``, ``gcc``, ``objdump`` and ``ld``) to find the library " +"file. It returns the filename of the library file." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 中，:func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` 会尝试运行外部程序 (``/sbin/ldconfig``, " +"``gcc``, ``objdump`` 和 ``ld``) 来查找库文件。 它会返回库文件的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1322 +msgid "" +"On Linux, the value of the environment variable ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` is used " +"when searching for libraries, if a library cannot be found by any other " +"means." +msgstr "在Linux 上，如果其他方式找不到的话，会使用环境变量 ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` 搜索动态链接库。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1326 +msgid "Here are some examples::" +msgstr "这是一些例子::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1328 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes.util import find_library\n" +">>> find_library(\"m\")\n" +"'libm.so.6'\n" +">>> find_library(\"c\")\n" +"'libc.so.6'\n" +">>> find_library(\"bz2\")\n" +"'libbz2.so.1.0'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes.util import find_library\n" +">>> find_library(\"m\")\n" +"'libm.so.6'\n" +">>> find_library(\"c\")\n" +"'libc.so.6'\n" +">>> find_library(\"bz2\")\n" +"'libbz2.so.1.0'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"On macOS and Android, :func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` uses the system's " +"standard naming schemes and paths to locate the library, and returns a full " +"pathname if successful::" +msgstr "" +"在 macOS 和 Android 上，:func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` " +"使用系统的标准命名方案和路径来定位库，并在成功时返回完整的路径名::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1341 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes.util import find_library\n" +">>> find_library(\"c\")\n" +"'/usr/lib/libc.dylib'\n" +">>> find_library(\"m\")\n" +"'/usr/lib/libm.dylib'\n" +">>> find_library(\"bz2\")\n" +"'/usr/lib/libbz2.dylib'\n" +">>> find_library(\"AGL\")\n" +"'/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/AGL'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes.util import find_library\n" +">>> find_library(\"c\")\n" +"'/usr/lib/libc.dylib'\n" +">>> find_library(\"m\")\n" +"'/usr/lib/libm.dylib'\n" +">>> find_library(\"bz2\")\n" +"'/usr/lib/libbz2.dylib'\n" +">>> find_library(\"AGL\")\n" +"'/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/AGL'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` searches along the system " +"search path, and returns the full pathname, but since there is no predefined" +" naming scheme a call like ``find_library(\"c\")`` will fail and return " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 中，:func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` " +"会沿着系统搜索路径进行搜索，并返回完整的路径名称，但由于没有预定义的命名方案因此像 ``find_library(\"c\")`` " +"这样的调用会失败并返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"If wrapping a shared library with :mod:`ctypes`, it *may* be better to " +"determine the shared library name at development time, and hardcode that " +"into the wrapper module instead of using :func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` " +"to locate the library at runtime." +msgstr "" +"如果使用 :mod:`ctypes` 包装一个共享库，则更好的做法 *可能* 是开发时就确定好共享库的名称，并将其硬编码到包装模块中而不是在运行时使用 " +":func:`~ctypes.util.find_library` 来定位库。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1364 +msgid "Loading shared libraries" +msgstr "加载动态链接库" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"There are several ways to load shared libraries into the Python process. " +"One way is to instantiate one of the following classes:" +msgstr "有很多方式可以将动态链接库加载到 Python 进程。其中之一是实例化以下类的其中一个::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1372 +msgid "" +"Instances of this class represent loaded shared libraries. Functions in " +"these libraries use the standard C calling convention, and are assumed to " +"return :c:expr:`int`." +msgstr "该类的实例代表已加载的共享库。 这些库中的函数使用标准的 C 调用约定，并被预期会返回 :c:expr:`int`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"On Windows creating a :class:`CDLL` instance may fail even if the DLL name " +"exists. When a dependent DLL of the loaded DLL is not found, a " +":exc:`OSError` error is raised with the message *\"[WinError 126] The " +"specified module could not be found\".* This error message does not contain " +"the name of the missing DLL because the Windows API does not return this " +"information making this error hard to diagnose. To resolve this error and " +"determine which DLL is not found, you need to find the list of dependent " +"DLLs and determine which one is not found using Windows debugging and " +"tracing tools." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上创建 :class:`CDLL` 实例可能会失败，即使 DLL 名称确实存在。 当某个被加载 DLL 所依赖的 DLL " +"未找到时，将引发 :exc:`OSError` 错误并附带消息 *\"[WinError 126] The specified module could" +" not be found\".* 此错误消息不包含缺失 DLL 的名称，因为 Windows API 并不会返回此类信息，这使得此错误难以诊断。 " +"要解决此错误并确定是哪一个 DLL 未找到，你需要找出所依赖的 DLL 列表并使用 Windows 调试与跟踪工具确定是哪一个未找到。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1388 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1413 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1426 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1444 +msgid "The *name* parameter can now be a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "现在 *name* 形参可以是一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1392 +msgid "" +"`Microsoft DUMPBIN tool " +"`_ -- A tool to " +"find DLL dependents." +msgstr "" +"`Microsoft DUMPBIN 工具 " +"`_ -- 一个用于查找 DLL " +"依赖的工具。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1398 +msgid "" +"Instances of this class represent loaded shared libraries, functions in " +"these libraries use the ``stdcall`` calling convention, and are assumed to " +"return the windows specific :class:`HRESULT` code. :class:`HRESULT` values " +"contain information specifying whether the function call failed or " +"succeeded, together with additional error code. If the return value signals" +" a failure, an :class:`OSError` is automatically raised." +msgstr "" +"这个类的实例代表已加载的共享库，这些库中的函数使用 ``stdcall`` 调用约定，并且预期返回 Windows 专属的 " +":class:`HRESULT` 代码。 :class:`HRESULT` 值包含指明函数调用是失败还是成功的信息，并带有额外的错误码。 " +"如果返回值是提示失败，则会自动引发 :class:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1405 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1422 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1566 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1574 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1751 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1982 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1991 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2016 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2025 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2034 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2049 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2106 +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2134 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2478 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1407 +msgid "" +":exc:`WindowsError` used to be raised, which is now an alias of " +":exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "过去会引发 :exc:`WindowsError`，现在它是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1418 +msgid "" +"Instances of this class represent loaded shared libraries, functions in " +"these libraries use the ``stdcall`` calling convention, and are assumed to " +"return :c:expr:`int` by default." +msgstr "这个类的实例代表已加载的共享库，这些库中的函数使用 ``stdcall`` 调用约定，并且默认预期返回 :c:expr:`int`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"The Python :term:`global interpreter lock` is released before calling any " +"function exported by these libraries, and reacquired afterwards." +msgstr "调用动态库导出的函数之前，Python会释放 :term:`global interpreter lock` ，并在调用后重新获取。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"Instances of this class behave like :class:`CDLL` instances, except that the" +" Python GIL is *not* released during the function call, and after the " +"function execution the Python error flag is checked. If the error flag is " +"set, a Python exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"这个类实例的行为与 :class:`CDLL` 类似，只不过 *不会* 在调用函数的时候释放 GIL 锁，且调用结束后会检查 Python 错误码。 " +"如果错误码被设置，会抛出一个 Python 异常。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1440 +msgid "Thus, this is only useful to call Python C api functions directly." +msgstr "所以，它只在直接调用 Python C 接口函数的时候有用。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1446 +msgid "" +"All these classes can be instantiated by calling them with at least one " +"argument, the pathname of the shared library. If you have an existing " +"handle to an already loaded shared library, it can be passed as the " +"``handle`` named parameter, otherwise the underlying platform's " +":c:func:`!dlopen` or :c:func:`!LoadLibrary` function is used to load the " +"library into the process, and to get a handle to it." +msgstr "" +"所有这些类均可通过附带至少一个参数即共享库的路径名来调用它们进行实例化。 如果你有一个对应已加载共享库的现有句柄，可以将其作为 ``handle`` " +"具名形参传入，否则会使用下层平台的 :c:func:`!dlopen` 或 :c:func:`!LoadLibrary` " +"函数将库加载到进程中，并获取对应的句柄。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1453 +msgid "" +"The *mode* parameter can be used to specify how the library is loaded. For " +"details, consult the :manpage:`dlopen(3)` manpage. On Windows, *mode* is " +"ignored. On posix systems, RTLD_NOW is always added, and is not " +"configurable." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 可以指定库加载方式。详情请参见 :manpage:`dlopen(3)` 手册页。 在 Windows 上， 会忽略 *mode* ，在" +" posix 系统上， 总是会加上 RTLD_NOW ，且无法配置。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"The *use_errno* parameter, when set to true, enables a ctypes mechanism that" +" allows accessing the system :data:`errno` error number in a safe way. " +":mod:`ctypes` maintains a thread-local copy of the system's :data:`errno` " +"variable; if you call foreign functions created with ``use_errno=True`` then" +" the :data:`errno` value before the function call is swapped with the ctypes" +" private copy, the same happens immediately after the function call." +msgstr "" +"当 *use_errno* 形参被设为真值时，将启用以安全方式访问系统 :data:`errno` 错误号的 ctypes 机制。 " +":mod:`ctypes` 将维护一份系统 :data:`errno` 变量的线程局部副本；如果你调用设置了 ``use_errno=True`` " +"的外部函数那么 :data:`errno` 将在函数调用之前与 ctypes 私有副本互换，同样的情况也会在函数调用之后立即发生。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1465 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`ctypes.get_errno` returns the value of the ctypes " +"private copy, and the function :func:`ctypes.set_errno` changes the ctypes " +"private copy to a new value and returns the former value." +msgstr "" +" :func:`ctypes.get_errno` 返回 ctypes 自己维护的那份拷贝的值， :func:`ctypes.set_errno` " +"函数可以修改它并返回之前的值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"The *use_last_error* parameter, when set to true, enables the same mechanism" +" for the Windows error code which is managed by the :func:`GetLastError` and" +" :func:`!SetLastError` Windows API functions; :func:`ctypes.get_last_error` " +"and :func:`ctypes.set_last_error` are used to request and change the ctypes " +"private copy of the windows error code." +msgstr "" +"当 *use_last_error* 形参设为真值时，为 Windows 错误代码也启用与由 :func:`GetLastError` 和 " +":func:`!SetLastError` Windows API 函数管理相同的机制；:func:`ctypes.get_last_error` 和 " +":func:`ctypes.set_last_error` 会被用于请求和更改 Windows 错误代码的 ctypes 私有副本。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1475 +msgid "" +"The *winmode* parameter is used on Windows to specify how the library is " +"loaded (since *mode* is ignored). It takes any value that is valid for the " +"Win32 API ``LoadLibraryEx`` flags parameter. When omitted, the default is to" +" use the flags that result in the most secure DLL load, which avoids issues " +"such as DLL hijacking. Passing the full path to the DLL is the safest way to" +" ensure the correct library and dependencies are loaded." +msgstr "" +"*winmode* 形参用于在 Windows 上指定库的加载方式（因为 *mode* 会被忽略）。 它接受任何对 Win32 API " +"``LoadLibraryEx`` 旗标形参来说合法的值。 当被省略时，默认使用表示最安全的 DLL 加载的旗标，这将避免 DLL 劫持等问题。 传入 " +"DLL 的完整路径是确保正确加载库及其依赖的最安全的方式。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1482 +msgid "Added *winmode* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *winmode* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"Flag to use as *mode* parameter. On platforms where this flag is not " +"available, it is defined as the integer zero." +msgstr "用于 *mode* 参数的标识值。在此标识不可用的系统上，它被定义为整数0。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1496 +msgid "" +"Flag to use as *mode* parameter. On platforms where this is not available, " +"it is the same as *RTLD_GLOBAL*." +msgstr " 用于 *mode* 参数的标识值。在此标识不可用的系统上，它和 *RTLD_GLOBAL* 一样。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1503 +msgid "" +"The default mode which is used to load shared libraries. On OSX 10.3, this " +"is *RTLD_GLOBAL*, otherwise it is the same as *RTLD_LOCAL*." +msgstr "加载动态链接库的默认模式。在 OSX 10.3 上，它是 *RTLD_GLOBAL* ，其余系统上是 *RTLD_LOCAL* 。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1506 +msgid "" +"Instances of these classes have no public methods. Functions exported by " +"the shared library can be accessed as attributes or by index. Please note " +"that accessing the function through an attribute caches the result and " +"therefore accessing it repeatedly returns the same object each time. On the" +" other hand, accessing it through an index returns a new object each time::" +msgstr "" +"这些类的实例没有共用方法。动态链接库的导出函数可以通过属性或者索引的方式访问。注意，通过属性的方式访问会缓存这个函数，因而每次访问它时返回的都是同一个对象。另一方面，通过索引访问，每次都会返回一个新的对象::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1512 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import CDLL\n" +">>> libc = CDLL(\"libc.so.6\") # On Linux\n" +">>> libc.time == libc.time\n" +"True\n" +">>> libc['time'] == libc['time']\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import CDLL\n" +">>> libc = CDLL(\"libc.so.6\") # 在 Linux\n" +">>> libc.time == libc.time\n" +"True\n" +">>> libc['time'] == libc['time']\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1519 +msgid "" +"The following public attributes are available, their name starts with an " +"underscore to not clash with exported function names:" +msgstr "还有下面这些属性可用，他们的名称以下划线开头，以避免和导出函数重名:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1525 +msgid "The system handle used to access the library." +msgstr "用于访问库的系统句柄。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1530 +msgid "The name of the library passed in the constructor." +msgstr "传入构造函数的库名称。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1532 +msgid "" +"Shared libraries can also be loaded by using one of the prefabricated " +"objects, which are instances of the :class:`LibraryLoader` class, either by " +"calling the :meth:`~LibraryLoader.LoadLibrary` method, or by retrieving the " +"library as attribute of the loader instance." +msgstr "" +"共享库也可以通过使用一个预制对象来加载，这种对象是 :class:`LibraryLoader` 类的实例，具体做法是调用 " +":meth:`~LibraryLoader.LoadLibrary` 方法，或是将库作为加载器实例的属性来提取。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"Class which loads shared libraries. *dlltype* should be one of the " +":class:`CDLL`, :class:`PyDLL`, :class:`WinDLL`, or :class:`OleDLL` types." +msgstr "" +"加载共享库的类。 *dlltype* 应当为 :class:`CDLL`, :class:`PyDLL`, :class:`WinDLL` 或 " +":class:`OleDLL` 类型之一。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1543 +msgid "" +":meth:`!__getattr__` has special behavior: It allows loading a shared " +"library by accessing it as attribute of a library loader instance. The " +"result is cached, so repeated attribute accesses return the same library " +"each time." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!__getattr__` 具有特殊的行为：它允许通过一个作为库加载器实例的属性访问共享库来加载它。 " +"访问结果会被缓存，因此每次重复的属性访问都会返回相同的库。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1549 +msgid "" +"Load a shared library into the process and return it. This method always " +"returns a new instance of the library." +msgstr "加载一个共享库到进程中并将其返回。 此方法总是返回一个新的库实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1553 +msgid "These prefabricated library loaders are available:" +msgstr "可用的预制库加载器有如下这些:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1558 +msgid "Creates :class:`CDLL` instances." +msgstr "创建 :class:`CDLL` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1564 +msgid "Creates :class:`WinDLL` instances." +msgstr "创建 :class:`WinDLL` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1572 +msgid "Creates :class:`OleDLL` instances." +msgstr "创建 :class:`OleDLL` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1580 +msgid "Creates :class:`PyDLL` instances." +msgstr "创建 :class:`PyDLL` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"For accessing the C Python api directly, a ready-to-use Python shared " +"library object is available:" +msgstr "要直接访问 C Python api，可以使用一个现成的 Python 共享库对象:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1589 +msgid "" +"An instance of :class:`PyDLL` that exposes Python C API functions as " +"attributes. Note that all these functions are assumed to return C " +":c:expr:`int`, which is of course not always the truth, so you have to " +"assign the correct :attr:`!restype` attribute to use these functions." +msgstr "" +"一个将 Python C API 函数作为属性公开出来的 :class:`PyDLL` 实例。 请注意所有这些函数都应返回 C " +":c:expr:`int`，当然也并非总是如此，因此您必须分配正确的 :attr:`!restype` 属性才能使用这些函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1594 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"Loading a library through any of these objects raises an :ref:`auditing " +"event ` ``ctypes.dlopen`` with string argument ``name``, the name " +"used to load the library." +msgstr "" +"通过这些对象中的任何一个加载库都将引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.dlopen`` 并附带字符串参数 " +"``name``，即用于加载库的名称。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1600 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1602 +msgid "" +"Accessing a function on a loaded library raises an auditing event " +"``ctypes.dlsym`` with arguments ``library`` (the library object) and " +"``name`` (the symbol's name as a string or integer)." +msgstr "" +"在加载的库上访问一个函数将引发一个审计事件 ``ctypes.dlsym`` 并附带参数 ``library`` (库对象) 和 ``name`` " +"(以字符串或整数表示的符号名称)." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1606 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"In cases when only the library handle is available rather than the object, " +"accessing a function raises an auditing event ``ctypes.dlsym/handle`` with " +"arguments ``handle`` (the raw library handle) and ``name``." +msgstr "" +"在只有库句柄而非对象可用的情况下，访问函数会引发一个审计事件 ``ctypes.dlsym/handle`` 并附带参数 ``handle`` " +"(原始库句柄) 和 ``name``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1615 +msgid "Foreign functions" +msgstr "外部函数" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1617 +msgid "" +"As explained in the previous section, foreign functions can be accessed as " +"attributes of loaded shared libraries. The function objects created in this" +" way by default accept any number of arguments, accept any ctypes data " +"instances as arguments, and return the default result type specified by the " +"library loader." +msgstr "" +"正如前一节的说明，外部函数可作为已加载共享库的属性来访问。 用此方式创建的函数对象默认接受任意数量的参数，接受任意 ctypes " +"数据实例作为参数，并且返回库加载器所指定的默认结果类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1622 +msgid "" +"They are instances of a private local class :class:`!_FuncPtr` (not exposed " +"in :mod:`!ctypes`) which inherits from the private :class:`_CFuncPtr` class:" +msgstr "" +"它们是私有局部类 :class:`!_FuncPtr` 的实例（未在 :mod:`!ctypes` 中暴露），该类继承自私有的 " +":class:`_CFuncPtr` 类：" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1625 +msgid "" +">>> import ctypes\n" +">>> lib = ctypes.CDLL(None)\n" +">>> issubclass(lib._FuncPtr, ctypes._CFuncPtr)\n" +"True\n" +">>> lib._FuncPtr is ctypes._CFuncPtr\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> import ctypes\n" +">>> lib = ctypes.CDLL(None)\n" +">>> issubclass(lib._FuncPtr, ctypes._CFuncPtr)\n" +"True\n" +">>> lib._FuncPtr is ctypes._CFuncPtr\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1636 +msgid "Base class for C callable foreign functions." +msgstr "C 可调用外部函数的基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1638 +msgid "" +"Instances of foreign functions are also C compatible data types; they " +"represent C function pointers." +msgstr "外部函数的实例也是兼容 C 的数据类型；它们代表 C 函数指针。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1641 +msgid "" +"This behavior can be customized by assigning to special attributes of the " +"foreign function object." +msgstr "此行为可通过对外部函数对象的特殊属性赋值来自定义。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"Assign a ctypes type to specify the result type of the foreign function. Use" +" ``None`` for :c:expr:`void`, a function not returning anything." +msgstr "" +"分配一个 ctypes 类型来指定外部函数的结果类型。 使用 ``None`` 来表示 :c:expr:`void`，即不返回任何结果的函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1649 +msgid "" +"It is possible to assign a callable Python object that is not a ctypes type," +" in this case the function is assumed to return a C :c:expr:`int`, and the " +"callable will be called with this integer, allowing further processing or " +"error checking. Using this is deprecated, for more flexible post processing" +" or error checking use a ctypes data type as :attr:`!restype` and assign a " +"callable to the :attr:`errcheck` attribute." +msgstr "" +"赋值为一个非 ctypes 类型的可调用 Python 对象也是可以的，在这种情况下函数应返回 C " +":c:expr:`int`，并且该可调用对象将附带此整数被调用，以允许进一步的处理或错误检查。 " +"这种用法已被弃用，为了更灵活地进行后续处理或错误检查请使用 ctypes 数据类型作为 :attr:`!restype` 并将 " +":attr:`errcheck` 属性赋值为一个可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1658 +msgid "" +"Assign a tuple of ctypes types to specify the argument types that the " +"function accepts. Functions using the ``stdcall`` calling convention can " +"only be called with the same number of arguments as the length of this " +"tuple; functions using the C calling convention accept additional, " +"unspecified arguments as well." +msgstr "" +"赋值为一个 ctypes 类型的元组来指定函数所接受的参数类型。 使用 ``stdcall`` " +"调用规范的函数只能附带与此元组长度相同数量的参数进行调用；使用 C 调用规范的函数还可接受额外的未指明参数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1664 +msgid "" +"When a foreign function is called, each actual argument is passed to the " +":meth:`~_CData.from_param` class method of the items in the :attr:`argtypes`" +" tuple, this method allows adapting the actual argument to an object that " +"the foreign function accepts. For example, a :class:`c_char_p` item in the " +":attr:`argtypes` tuple will convert a string passed as argument into a bytes" +" object using ctypes conversion rules." +msgstr "" +"当调用外部函数时，每个实际参数都会被传给 :attr:`argtypes` 元组中条目的 :meth:`~_CData.from_param` " +"类方法，该方法允许将实际参数适配为此外部函数所接受的对象。 例如，:attr:`argtypes` 元组中的 :class:`c_char_p` " +"条目将使用 ctypes 转换规则把作为参数传入的字符串转换为字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1671 +msgid "" +"New: It is now possible to put items in argtypes which are not ctypes types," +" but each item must have a :meth:`~_CData.from_param` method which returns a" +" value usable as argument (integer, string, ctypes instance). This allows " +"defining adapters that can adapt custom objects as function parameters." +msgstr "" +"新特性：现在可以在 argtypes 中放入非 ctypes 类型的条目，但每个条目必须具有 :meth:`~_CData.from_param` " +"方法用于返回一个可作为参数的值（整数、字符串、ctypes 实例）。 这样就允许定义可将将自定义对象适配为函数参数的适配器。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1678 +msgid "" +"Assign a Python function or another callable to this attribute. The callable" +" will be called with three or more arguments:" +msgstr "将一个 Python 函数或其他可调用对象赋值给此属性。 该可调用对象将附带三个及以上的参数被调用。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"*result* is what the foreign function returns, as specified by the " +":attr:`!restype` attribute." +msgstr "*result* 是外部函数返回的结果，由 :attr:`!restype` 属性指明。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1688 +msgid "" +"*func* is the foreign function object itself, this allows reusing the same " +"callable object to check or post process the results of several functions." +msgstr "*func* 是外部函数对象本身，这样就允许重新使用相同的可调用对象来对多个函数进行检查或后续处理。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1692 +msgid "" +"*arguments* is a tuple containing the parameters originally passed to the " +"function call, this allows specializing the behavior on the arguments used." +msgstr "*arguments* 是一个包含最初传递给函数调用的形参的元组，这样就允许对所用参数的行为进行特别处理。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1696 +msgid "" +"The object that this function returns will be returned from the foreign " +"function call, but it can also check the result value and raise an exception" +" if the foreign function call failed." +msgstr "此函数所返回的对象将会由外部函数调用返回，但它还可以在外部函数调用失败时检查结果并引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1703 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised when a foreign function call cannot convert one of " +"the passed arguments." +msgstr "此异常会在外部函数无法对某个传入参数执行转换时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1707 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1709 +msgid "" +"On Windows, when a foreign function call raises a system exception (for " +"example, due to an access violation), it will be captured and replaced with " +"a suitable Python exception. Further, an auditing event " +"``ctypes.set_exception`` with argument ``code`` will be raised, allowing an " +"audit hook to replace the exception with its own." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，当外部函数调用引发一个系统异常时（例如由于访问冲突），它将被捕获并被替换为适当的 Python 异常。 " +"此外，还将引发一个审计事件 ``ctypes.set_exception`` 并附带参数 ``code``，以允许审计钩子将原异常替换为它自己的异常。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1715 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1717 +msgid "" +"Some ways to invoke foreign function calls may raise an auditing event " +"``ctypes.call_function`` with arguments ``function pointer`` and " +"``arguments``." +msgstr "" +"某些发起外部函数调用的方式可能会引发一个审计事件 ``ctypes.call_function`` 并附带参数 ``function pointer``" +" 和 ``arguments``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1723 +msgid "Function prototypes" +msgstr "函数原型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"Foreign functions can also be created by instantiating function prototypes. " +"Function prototypes are similar to function prototypes in C; they describe a" +" function (return type, argument types, calling convention) without defining" +" an implementation. The factory functions must be called with the desired " +"result type and the argument types of the function, and can be used as " +"decorator factories, and as such, be applied to functions through the " +"``@wrapper`` syntax. See :ref:`ctypes-callback-functions` for examples." +msgstr "" +"外部函数也可通过实例化函数原型来创建。 函数原型类似于 C 中的函数原型；它们在不定义具体实现的情况下描述了一个函数（返回类型、参数类型、调用约定）。 " +"工厂函数必须使用函数所需要的结果类型和参数类型来调用，并可被用作装饰器工厂函数，在此情况下可以通过 ``@wrapper`` 语法应用于函数。 请参阅 " +":ref:`ctypes-callback-functions` 了解有关示例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1736 +msgid "" +"The returned function prototype creates functions that use the standard C " +"calling convention. The function will release the GIL during the call. If " +"*use_errno* is set to true, the ctypes private copy of the system " +":data:`errno` variable is exchanged with the real :data:`errno` value before" +" and after the call; *use_last_error* does the same for the Windows error " +"code." +msgstr "" +"返回的函数原型会创建使用标准 C 调用约定的函数。 该函数在调用过程中将释放 GIL。 如果 *use_errno* 设为真值，则在调用之前和之后系统 " +":data:`errno` 变量的 ctypes 私有副本会与真正的 :data:`errno` 值进行交换；*use_last_error* 会为 " +"Windows 错误码执行同样的操作。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1746 +msgid "" +"The returned function prototype creates functions that use the ``stdcall`` " +"calling convention. The function will release the GIL during the call. " +"*use_errno* and *use_last_error* have the same meaning as above." +msgstr "" +"返回的函数原型会创建使用 ``stdcall`` 调用约定的函数。 该函数在调用过程中将会释放 GIL。 *use_errno* 和 " +"*use_last_error* 具有与上文相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1756 +msgid "" +"The returned function prototype creates functions that use the Python " +"calling convention. The function will *not* release the GIL during the " +"call." +msgstr "返回的函数原型会创建使用 Python 调用约定的函数。 该函数在调用过程中将 *不会* 释放 GIL。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1759 +msgid "" +"Function prototypes created by these factory functions can be instantiated " +"in different ways, depending on the type and number of the parameters in the" +" call:" +msgstr "这些工厂函数所创建的函数原型可通过不同的方式来实例化，具体取决于调用中的类型与数量:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1766 +msgid "" +"Returns a foreign function at the specified address which must be an " +"integer." +msgstr "在指定地址上返回一个外部函数，地址值必须为整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1773 +msgid "" +"Create a C callable function (a callback function) from a Python *callable*." +msgstr "基于 Python *callable* 创建一个 C 可调用函数（回调函数）。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"Returns a foreign function exported by a shared library. *func_spec* must be" +" a 2-tuple ``(name_or_ordinal, library)``. The first item is the name of the" +" exported function as string, or the ordinal of the exported function as " +"small integer. The second item is the shared library instance." +msgstr "" +"返回由一个共享库导出的外部函数。 *func_spec* 必须为一个 2 元组 ``(name_or_ordinal, library)``。 " +"第一项是字符串形式的所导出函数名称，或小整数形式的所导出函数序号。 第二项是该共享库实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"Returns a foreign function that will call a COM method. *vtbl_index* is the " +"index into the virtual function table, a small non-negative integer. *name* " +"is name of the COM method. *iid* is an optional pointer to the interface " +"identifier which is used in extended error reporting." +msgstr "" +"返回将调用一个 COM 方法的外部函数。 *vtbl_index* 虚拟函数表中的索引。 *name* 是 COM 方法的名称。 *iid* " +"是可选的指向接口标识符的指针，它被用于扩展的错误报告。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1795 +msgid "" +"COM methods use a special calling convention: They require a pointer to the " +"COM interface as first argument, in addition to those parameters that are " +"specified in the :attr:`!argtypes` tuple." +msgstr "" +"COM 方法使用特殊的调用约定：除了在 :attr:`!argtypes` 元组中指定的形参，它们还要求一个指向 COM 接口的指针作为第一个参数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"The optional *paramflags* parameter creates foreign function wrappers with " +"much more functionality than the features described above." +msgstr "可选的 *paramflags* 形参会创建相比上述特性具有更多功能的外部函数包装器。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1802 +msgid "" +"*paramflags* must be a tuple of the same length as " +":attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes`." +msgstr "*paramflags* 必须为一个与 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` 长度相同的元组。." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1804 +msgid "" +"Each item in this tuple contains further information about a parameter, it " +"must be a tuple containing one, two, or three items." +msgstr "此元组中的每一项都包含有关形参的更多信息，它必须为包含一个、两个或更多条目的元组。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1807 +msgid "" +"The first item is an integer containing a combination of direction flags for" +" the parameter:" +msgstr "第一项是包含形参指令旗标组合的整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1810 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1811 +msgid "Specifies an input parameter to the function." +msgstr "指定函数的一个输入形参。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1813 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1814 +msgid "Output parameter. The foreign function fills in a value." +msgstr "输出形参。 外部函数会填入一个值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1816 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1817 +msgid "Input parameter which defaults to the integer zero." +msgstr "默认为整数零值的输入形参。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1819 +msgid "" +"The optional second item is the parameter name as string. If this is " +"specified, the foreign function can be called with named parameters." +msgstr "可选的第二项是字符串形式的形参名称。 如果指定此项，则可以使用该形参名称来调用外部函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1822 +msgid "The optional third item is the default value for this parameter." +msgstr "可选的第三项是该形参的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1825 +msgid "" +"The following example demonstrates how to wrap the Windows ``MessageBoxW`` " +"function so that it supports default parameters and named arguments. The C " +"declaration from the windows header file is this::" +msgstr "" +"下面的例子演示了如何包装 Windows 的 ``MessageBoxW`` 函数以使其支持默认形参和命名参数。 相应的 Windows 头文件的 C " +"声明是这样的::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1829 +msgid "" +"WINUSERAPI int WINAPI\n" +"MessageBoxW(\n" +" HWND hWnd,\n" +" LPCWSTR lpText,\n" +" LPCWSTR lpCaption,\n" +" UINT uType);" +msgstr "" +"WINUSERAPI int WINAPI\n" +"MessageBoxW(\n" +" HWND hWnd,\n" +" LPCWSTR lpText,\n" +" LPCWSTR lpCaption,\n" +" UINT uType);" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1836 ../../library/ctypes.rst:1859 +msgid "Here is the wrapping with :mod:`ctypes`::" +msgstr "这是使用 :mod:`ctypes` 的包装::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1838 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import c_int, WINFUNCTYPE, windll\n" +">>> from ctypes.wintypes import HWND, LPCWSTR, UINT\n" +">>> prototype = WINFUNCTYPE(c_int, HWND, LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, UINT)\n" +">>> paramflags = (1, \"hwnd\", 0), (1, \"text\", \"Hi\"), (1, \"caption\", \"Hello from ctypes\"), (1, \"flags\", 0)\n" +">>> MessageBox = prototype((\"MessageBoxW\", windll.user32), paramflags)" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import c_int, WINFUNCTYPE, windll\n" +">>> from ctypes.wintypes import HWND, LPCWSTR, UINT\n" +">>> prototype = WINFUNCTYPE(c_int, HWND, LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, UINT)\n" +">>> paramflags = (1, \"hwnd\", 0), (1, \"text\", \"Hi\"), (1, \"caption\", \"Hello from ctypes\"), (1, \"flags\", 0)\n" +">>> MessageBox = prototype((\"MessageBoxW\", windll.user32), paramflags)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1844 +msgid "The ``MessageBox`` foreign function can now be called in these ways::" +msgstr "现在 ``MessageBox`` 外部函数可以通过以下方式来调用::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1846 +msgid "" +">>> MessageBox()\n" +">>> MessageBox(text=\"Spam, spam, spam\")\n" +">>> MessageBox(flags=2, text=\"foo bar\")" +msgstr "" +">>> MessageBox()\n" +">>> MessageBox(text=\"Spam, spam, spam\")\n" +">>> MessageBox(flags=2, text=\"foo bar\")" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1850 +msgid "" +"A second example demonstrates output parameters. The win32 " +"``GetWindowRect`` function retrieves the dimensions of a specified window by" +" copying them into ``RECT`` structure that the caller has to supply. Here " +"is the C declaration::" +msgstr "" +"第二个例子演示了输出形参。 这个 win32 ``GetWindowRect`` 函数通过将指定窗口的维度拷贝至调用者必须提供的 ``RECT`` " +"结构体来提取这些值。 这是相应的 C 声明::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1854 +msgid "" +"WINUSERAPI BOOL WINAPI\n" +"GetWindowRect(\n" +" HWND hWnd,\n" +" LPRECT lpRect);" +msgstr "" +"WINUSERAPI BOOL WINAPI\n" +"GetWindowRect(\n" +" HWND hWnd,\n" +" LPRECT lpRect);" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1861 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import POINTER, WINFUNCTYPE, windll, WinError\n" +">>> from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL, HWND, RECT\n" +">>> prototype = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL, HWND, POINTER(RECT))\n" +">>> paramflags = (1, \"hwnd\"), (2, \"lprect\")\n" +">>> GetWindowRect = prototype((\"GetWindowRect\", windll.user32), paramflags)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import POINTER, WINFUNCTYPE, windll, WinError\n" +">>> from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL, HWND, RECT\n" +">>> prototype = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL, HWND, POINTER(RECT))\n" +">>> paramflags = (1, \"hwnd\"), (2, \"lprect\")\n" +">>> GetWindowRect = prototype((\"GetWindowRect\", windll.user32), paramflags)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1868 +msgid "" +"Functions with output parameters will automatically return the output " +"parameter value if there is a single one, or a tuple containing the output " +"parameter values when there are more than one, so the GetWindowRect function" +" now returns a RECT instance, when called." +msgstr "" +"带有输出形参的函数如果输出形参存在单一值则会自动返回该值，或是当输出形参存在多个值时返回包含这些值的元组，因此当 GetWindowRect " +"被调用时现在将返回一个 RECT 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1873 +msgid "" +"Output parameters can be combined with the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` " +"protocol to do further output processing and error checking. The win32 " +"``GetWindowRect`` api function returns a ``BOOL`` to signal success or " +"failure, so this function could do the error checking, and raises an " +"exception when the api call failed::" +msgstr "" +"输出形参可以与 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` 协议相结合以执行进一步的输出处理和错误检查。 Win32 " +"``GetWindowRect`` API 函数返回一个 ``BOOL`` 来表示成功或失败，因此该函数可以执行错误检查，并在 API " +"调用失败时引发异常::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1878 +msgid "" +">>> def errcheck(result, func, args):\n" +"... if not result:\n" +"... raise WinError()\n" +"... return args\n" +"...\n" +">>> GetWindowRect.errcheck = errcheck\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> def errcheck(result, func, args):\n" +"... if not result:\n" +"... raise WinError()\n" +"... return args\n" +"...\n" +">>> GetWindowRect.errcheck = errcheck\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1886 +msgid "" +"If the :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` function returns the argument tuple it " +"receives unchanged, :mod:`ctypes` continues the normal processing it does on" +" the output parameters. If you want to return a tuple of window coordinates" +" instead of a ``RECT`` instance, you can retrieve the fields in the function" +" and return them instead, the normal processing will no longer take place::" +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.errcheck` 函数原封不动地返回它所接收的参数元组，则 :mod:`ctypes` " +"会继续对输出形参执行正常处理。 如果你希望返回一个窗口坐标的元组而非 ``RECT`` 实例，你可以在函数中检索字段并返回它们，正常处理将不会再执行::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1892 +msgid "" +">>> def errcheck(result, func, args):\n" +"... if not result:\n" +"... raise WinError()\n" +"... rc = args[1]\n" +"... return rc.left, rc.top, rc.bottom, rc.right\n" +"...\n" +">>> GetWindowRect.errcheck = errcheck\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> def errcheck(result, func, args):\n" +"... if not result:\n" +"... raise WinError()\n" +"... rc = args[1]\n" +"... return rc.left, rc.top, rc.bottom, rc.right\n" +"...\n" +">>> GetWindowRect.errcheck = errcheck\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1905 +msgid "Utility functions" +msgstr "工具函数" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1909 +msgid "" +"Returns the address of the memory buffer as integer. *obj* must be an " +"instance of a ctypes type." +msgstr "以整数形式返回内存缓冲区地址。 *obj* 必须为一个 ctypes 类型的实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1912 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.addressof`` with " +"argument ``obj``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.addressof`` 并附带参数 ``obj``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1917 +msgid "" +"Returns the alignment requirements of a ctypes type. *obj_or_type* must be a" +" ctypes type or instance." +msgstr "返回一个 ctypes 类型的对齐要求。 *obj_or_type* 必须为一个 ctypes 类型或实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1923 +msgid "" +"Returns a light-weight pointer to *obj*, which must be an instance of a " +"ctypes type. *offset* defaults to zero, and must be an integer that will be" +" added to the internal pointer value." +msgstr "" +"返回指向 *obj* 的轻量指针，该对象必须为一个 ctypes 类型的实例。 *offset* 默认值为零，且必须为一个将被添加到内部指针值的整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1927 +msgid "``byref(obj, offset)`` corresponds to this C code::" +msgstr "``byref(obj, offset)`` 对应于这段 C 代码::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1929 +msgid "(((char *)&obj) + offset)" +msgstr "(((char *)&obj) + offset)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1931 +msgid "" +"The returned object can only be used as a foreign function call parameter. " +"It behaves similar to ``pointer(obj)``, but the construction is a lot " +"faster." +msgstr "返回的对象只能被用作外部函数调用形参。 它的行为类似于 ``pointer(obj)``，但构造起来要快很多。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1937 +msgid "" +"This function is similar to the cast operator in C. It returns a new " +"instance of *type* which points to the same memory block as *obj*. *type* " +"must be a pointer type, and *obj* must be an object that can be interpreted " +"as a pointer." +msgstr "" +"此函数类似于 C 的强制转换运算符。 它返回一个 *type* 的新实例，该实例指向与 *obj* 相同的内存块。 *type* 必须为指针类型，而 " +"*obj* 必须为可以被作为指针来解读的对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"This function creates a mutable character buffer. The returned object is a " +"ctypes array of :class:`c_char`." +msgstr "此函数会创建一个可变的字符缓冲区。 返回的对象是一个 :class:`c_char` 的 ctypes 数组。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1948 +msgid "" +"*init_or_size* must be an integer which specifies the size of the array, or " +"a bytes object which will be used to initialize the array items." +msgstr "*init_or_size* 必须是一个指明数组大小的整数，或者是一个将被用来初始化数组条目的字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1951 +msgid "" +"If a bytes object is specified as first argument, the buffer is made one " +"item larger than its length so that the last element in the array is a NUL " +"termination character. An integer can be passed as second argument which " +"allows specifying the size of the array if the length of the bytes should " +"not be used." +msgstr "" +"如果将一个字节串对象指定为第一个参数，则将使缓冲区大小比其长度多一项以便数组的最后一项为一个 NUL 终结符。 " +"可以传入一个整数作为第二个参数以允许在不使用字节串长度的情况下指定数组大小。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1956 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.create_string_buffer`` " +"with arguments ``init``, ``size``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.create_string_buffer`` 并附带参数 ``init``, " +"``size``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1961 +msgid "" +"This function creates a mutable unicode character buffer. The returned " +"object is a ctypes array of :class:`c_wchar`." +msgstr "此函数会创建一个可变的 unicode 字符缓冲区。 返回的对象是一个 :class:`c_wchar` 的 ctypes 数组。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1964 +msgid "" +"*init_or_size* must be an integer which specifies the size of the array, or " +"a string which will be used to initialize the array items." +msgstr "*init_or_size* 必须是一个指明数组大小的整数，或者是一个将被用来初始化数组条目的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1967 +msgid "" +"If a string is specified as first argument, the buffer is made one item " +"larger than the length of the string so that the last element in the array " +"is a NUL termination character. An integer can be passed as second argument " +"which allows specifying the size of the array if the length of the string " +"should not be used." +msgstr "" +"如果将一个字符串指定为第一个参数，则将使缓冲区大小比其长度多一项以便数组的最后一项为一个 NUL 终结符。 " +"可以传入一个整数作为第二个参数以允许在不使用字符串长度的情况下指定数组大小。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1973 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.create_unicode_buffer`` " +"with arguments ``init``, ``size``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.create_unicode_buffer`` 并附带参数 ``init``," +" ``size``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1978 +msgid "" +"This function is a hook which allows implementing in-process COM servers " +"with ctypes. It is called from the DllCanUnloadNow function that the " +"_ctypes extension dll exports." +msgstr "" +"此函数是一个允许使用 ctypes 实现进程内 COM 服务器的钩子。 它将由 _ctypes 扩展所导出的 DllCanUnloadNow " +"函数来调用。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"This function is a hook which allows implementing in-process COM servers " +"with ctypes. It is called from the DllGetClassObject function that the " +"``_ctypes`` extension dll exports." +msgstr "" +"此函数是一个允许使用 ctypes 实现进程内 COM 服务器的钩子。 它将由 ``_ctypes`` 扩展 DLL 所导出的 " +"DllGetClassObject 函数来调用。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:1997 +msgid "" +"Try to find a library and return a pathname. *name* is the library name " +"without any prefix like ``lib``, suffix like ``.so``, ``.dylib`` or version " +"number (this is the form used for the posix linker option :option:`!-l`). " +"If no library can be found, returns ``None``." +msgstr "" +"尝试寻找一个库并返回路径名称。 *name* 是库名称并且不带任何前缀如 ``lib`` 以及后缀如 ``.so``，``.dylib`` " +"或版本号（形式与 posix 链接器选项 :option:`!-l` 所用的一致）。 如果找不到库，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"Returns the filename of the VC runtime library used by Python, and by the " +"extension modules. If the name of the library cannot be determined, " +"``None`` is returned." +msgstr "返回 Python 以及扩展模块所使用的 VC 运行时库的文件名。 如果库名称无法确定，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2012 +msgid "" +"If you need to free memory, for example, allocated by an extension module " +"with a call to the ``free(void *)``, it is important that you use the " +"function in the same library that allocated the memory." +msgstr "" +"如果你需要通过调用 ``free(void *)`` 来释放内存，例如某个扩展模块所分配的内存，重要的一点是你应当使用分配内存的库中的函数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2021 +msgid "" +"Returns a textual description of the error code *code*. If no error code is" +" specified, the last error code is used by calling the Windows api function " +"GetLastError." +msgstr "" +"返回错误码 *code* 的文本描述。 如果未指定错误码，则会通过调用 Windows API 函数 GetLastError 来获取最近的错误码。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2030 +msgid "" +"Returns the last error code set by Windows in the calling thread. This " +"function calls the Windows ``GetLastError()`` function directly, it does not" +" return the ctypes-private copy of the error code." +msgstr "" +"返回 Windows 在调用线程中设置的最近的错误码。 此函数会直接调用 Windows ``GetLastError()`` 函数，它并不返回错误码的" +" ctypes 私有副本。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"Returns the current value of the ctypes-private copy of the system " +":data:`errno` variable in the calling thread." +msgstr "返回调用线程中系统 :data:`errno` 变量的 ctypes 私有副本的当前值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2042 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.get_errno`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.get_errno``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2046 +msgid "" +"Returns the current value of the ctypes-private copy of the system " +":data:`!LastError` variable in the calling thread." +msgstr "返回调用线程中系统 :data:`!LastError` 变量的 ctypes 私有副本的当前值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2051 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.get_last_error`` with no" +" arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.get_last_error``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2056 +msgid "" +"Same as the standard C memmove library function: copies *count* bytes from " +"*src* to *dst*. *dst* and *src* must be integers or ctypes instances that " +"can be converted to pointers." +msgstr "" +"与标准 C memmove 库函数相同：将 *count* 个字节从 *src* 拷贝到 *dst*。 *dst* 和 *src* " +"必须为整数或可被转换为指针的 ctypes 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2063 +msgid "" +"Same as the standard C memset library function: fills the memory block at " +"address *dst* with *count* bytes of value *c*. *dst* must be an integer " +"specifying an address, or a ctypes instance." +msgstr "" +"与标准 C memset 库函数相同：将位于地址 *dst* 的内存块用 *count* 个字节的 *c* 值填充。 *dst* 必须为指定地址的整数或" +" ctypes 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2070 +msgid "" +"Create and return a new ctypes pointer type. Pointer types are cached and " +"reused internally, so calling this function repeatedly is cheap. *type* must" +" be a ctypes type." +msgstr "" +"创建并返回一个新的 ctypes 指针类型。 指针类型会被缓存并在内部重复使用，因此重复调用此函数耗费不大。 *type* 必须为 ctypes 类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2077 +msgid "" +"Create a new pointer instance, pointing to *obj*. The returned object is of " +"the type ``POINTER(type(obj))``." +msgstr "创建一个新的指针实例，指向 *obj*。 返回的对象类型为 ``POINTER(type(obj))``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2080 +msgid "" +"Note: If you just want to pass a pointer to an object to a foreign function " +"call, you should use ``byref(obj)`` which is much faster." +msgstr "注意：如果你只是想向外部函数调用传递一个对象指针，你应当使用更为快速的 ``byref(obj)``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2086 +msgid "" +"This function resizes the internal memory buffer of *obj*, which must be an " +"instance of a ctypes type. It is not possible to make the buffer smaller " +"than the native size of the objects type, as given by ``sizeof(type(obj))``," +" but it is possible to enlarge the buffer." +msgstr "" +"此函数可改变 *obj* 的内部内存缓冲区大小，其参数必须为 ctypes 类型的实例。 没有可能将缓冲区设为小于对象类型的本机大小值，该值由 " +"``sizeof(type(obj))`` 给出，但将缓冲区加大则是可能的。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2094 +msgid "" +"Set the current value of the ctypes-private copy of the system :data:`errno`" +" variable in the calling thread to *value* and return the previous value." +msgstr "设置调用线程中系统 :data:`errno` 变量的 ctypes 私有副本的当前值为 *value* 并返回原来的值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2097 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.set_errno`` with " +"argument ``errno``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.set_errno`` 并附带参数 ``errno``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2102 +msgid "" +"Sets the current value of the ctypes-private copy of the system " +":data:`!LastError` variable in the calling thread to *value* and return the " +"previous value." +msgstr "在调用线程中将系统 :data:`!LastError` 变量的 ctypes 私有副本的当前值设为 *value* 并返回之前的值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2108 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.set_last_error`` with " +"argument ``error``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.set_last_error`` 并附带参数 ``error``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2113 +msgid "" +"Returns the size in bytes of a ctypes type or instance memory buffer. Does " +"the same as the C ``sizeof`` operator." +msgstr "返回 ctypes 类型或实例的内存缓冲区以字节表示的大小。 其功能与 C ``sizeof`` 运算符相同。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2119 +msgid "" +"Return the byte string at *void \\*ptr*. If *size* is specified, it is used " +"as size, otherwise the string is assumed to be zero-terminated." +msgstr "返回位于 *void \\*ptr* 的字节串。 如果指定了 *size*，它将被用作字节串的大小，否则将假定字节串以零值结尾。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2123 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.string_at`` with " +"arguments ``ptr``, ``size``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.string_at`` 并附带参数 ``ptr``, ``size``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2128 +msgid "" +"This function is probably the worst-named thing in ctypes. It creates an " +"instance of :exc:`OSError`. If *code* is not specified, ``GetLastError`` is" +" called to determine the error code. If *descr* is not specified, " +":func:`FormatError` is called to get a textual description of the error." +msgstr "" +"此函数可能是 ctypes 中命名得最糟糕的。 它会创建一个 :exc:`OSError` 的实例。 如果未指定 *code*，则会调用 " +"``GetLastError`` 来确定错误码。 如果未指定 *descr*，则会调用 :func:`FormatError` " +"来获取错误的文本描述。is called to get a textual description of the error." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2136 +msgid "" +"An instance of :exc:`WindowsError` used to be created, which is now an alias" +" of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "过去会创建 :exc:`WindowsError` 的实例，现在它是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2143 +msgid "" +"Return the wide-character string at *void \\*ptr*. If *size* is specified, " +"it is used as the number of characters of the string, otherwise the string " +"is assumed to be zero-terminated." +msgstr "返回位于 *void \\*ptr* 的宽字符串。 如果指定了 *size*，它将被用作字符串的字符数量，否则将假定字符串以零值结尾。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2148 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.wstring_at`` with " +"arguments ``ptr``, ``size``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.wstring_at`` 并附带参数 ``ptr``, ``size``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2154 +msgid "Data types" +msgstr "数据类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2159 +msgid "" +"This non-public class is the common base class of all ctypes data types. " +"Among other things, all ctypes type instances contain a memory block that " +"hold C compatible data; the address of the memory block is returned by the " +":func:`addressof` helper function. Another instance variable is exposed as " +":attr:`_objects`; this contains other Python objects that need to be kept " +"alive in case the memory block contains pointers." +msgstr "" +"这个非公有类是所有 ctypes 数据类型的共同基类。 另外，所有 ctypes 类型的实例都包含一个存放 C 兼容数据的内存块；该内存块的地址可由 " +":func:`addressof` 辅助函数返回。 还有一个实例变量被公开为 " +":attr:`_objects`；此变量包含其他在内存块包含指针的情况下需要保持存活的 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2166 +msgid "" +"Common methods of ctypes data types, these are all class methods (to be " +"exact, they are methods of the :term:`metaclass`):" +msgstr "ctypes 数据类型的通用方法，它们都是类方法（严谨地说，它们是 :term:`metaclass` 的方法）:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2171 +msgid "" +"This method returns a ctypes instance that shares the buffer of the *source*" +" object. The *source* object must support the writeable buffer interface. " +"The optional *offset* parameter specifies an offset into the source buffer " +"in bytes; the default is zero. If the source buffer is not large enough a " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"此方法返回一个共享 *source* 对象缓冲区的 ctypes 实例。 *source* 对象必须支持可写缓冲区接口。 可选的 *offset* " +"形参指定以字节表示的源缓冲区内偏移量；默认值为零。 如果源缓冲区不够大则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2177 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2187 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.cdata/buffer`` with " +"arguments ``pointer``, ``size``, ``offset``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.cdata/buffer`` 并附带参数 ``pointer``, " +"``size``, ``offset``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2181 +msgid "" +"This method creates a ctypes instance, copying the buffer from the *source* " +"object buffer which must be readable. The optional *offset* parameter " +"specifies an offset into the source buffer in bytes; the default is zero. " +"If the source buffer is not large enough a :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"此方法创建一个 ctypes 实例，从 *source* 对象缓冲区拷贝缓冲区，该对象必须是可读的。 可选的 *offset* " +"形参指定以字节表示的源缓冲区内偏移量；默认值为零。 如果源缓冲区不够大则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2191 +msgid "" +"This method returns a ctypes type instance using the memory specified by " +"*address* which must be an integer." +msgstr "此方法会使用 *address* 所指定的内存返回一个 ctypes 类型的实例，该参数必须为一个整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2194 ../../library/ctypes.rst:2196 +msgid "" +"This method, and others that indirectly call this method, raises an " +":ref:`auditing event ` ``ctypes.cdata`` with argument ``address``." +msgstr "" +"这个方法以及其他间接调用了它的方法会引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ctypes.cdata``，附带参数 " +"``address``。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2202 +msgid "" +"This method adapts *obj* to a ctypes type. It is called with the actual " +"object used in a foreign function call when the type is present in the " +"foreign function's :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` tuple; it must return an " +"object that can be used as a function call parameter." +msgstr "" +"此方法会将 *obj* 适配为一个 ctypes 类型。 当该类型出现在外部函数的 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.argtypes` " +"元组中时它将会被调用并传入在外部函数中使用的实际对象；它必须返回一个可被用作函数调用形参的对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2207 +msgid "" +"All ctypes data types have a default implementation of this classmethod that" +" normally returns *obj* if that is an instance of the type. Some types " +"accept other objects as well." +msgstr "" +"所有 ctypes 数据类型都带有这个类方法的默认实现，它通常会返回 *obj*，如果该对象是此类型的实例的话。 某些类型也能接受其他对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"This method returns a ctypes type instance exported by a shared library. " +"*name* is the name of the symbol that exports the data, *library* is the " +"loaded shared library." +msgstr "此方法返回一个由共享库导出的 ctypes 类型。 *name* 为导出数据的符号名称，*library* 为所加载的共享库。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2217 +msgid "Common instance variables of ctypes data types:" +msgstr "ctypes 数据类型的通用实例变量:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2221 +msgid "" +"Sometimes ctypes data instances do not own the memory block they contain, " +"instead they share part of the memory block of a base object. The " +":attr:`_b_base_` read-only member is the root ctypes object that owns the " +"memory block." +msgstr "" +"有时 ctypes 数据实例并不拥有它们所包含的内存块，它们只是共享了某个基对象的部分内存块。 :attr:`_b_base_` " +"只读成员是拥有内存块的根 ctypes 对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2228 +msgid "" +"This read-only variable is true when the ctypes data instance has allocated " +"the memory block itself, false otherwise." +msgstr "这个只读变量在 ctypes 数据实例自身已分配了内存块时为真值，否则为假值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2233 +msgid "" +"This member is either ``None`` or a dictionary containing Python objects " +"that need to be kept alive so that the memory block contents is kept valid." +" This object is only exposed for debugging; never modify the contents of " +"this dictionary." +msgstr "" +"这个成员或者为 ``None``，或者为一个包含需要保持存活以使内存块的内存保持有效的 Python 对象的字典。 " +"这个对象只是出于调试目的而对外公开；绝对不要修改此字典的内容。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2246 +msgid "" +"This non-public class is the base class of all fundamental ctypes data " +"types. It is mentioned here because it contains the common attributes of the" +" fundamental ctypes data types. :class:`_SimpleCData` is a subclass of " +":class:`_CData`, so it inherits their methods and attributes. ctypes data " +"types that are not and do not contain pointers can now be pickled." +msgstr "" +"这个非公有类是所有基本 ctypes 数据类型的基类。 它在这里被提及是因为它包含基本 ctypes 数据类型共有的属性。 " +":class:`_SimpleCData` 是 :class:`_CData` 的子类，因此继承了其方法和属性。 非指针及不包含指针的 ctypes " +"数据类型现在将可以被封存。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2252 +msgid "Instances have a single attribute:" +msgstr "实例拥有一个属性:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"This attribute contains the actual value of the instance. For integer and " +"pointer types, it is an integer, for character types, it is a single " +"character bytes object or string, for character pointer types it is a Python" +" bytes object or string." +msgstr "" +"这个属性包含实例的实际值。 对于整数和指针类型，它是一个整数，对于字符类型，它是一个单字符字符串对象或字符串，对于字符指针类型，它是一个 Python " +"字节串对象或字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2261 +msgid "" +"When the ``value`` attribute is retrieved from a ctypes instance, usually a " +"new object is returned each time. :mod:`ctypes` does *not* implement " +"original object return, always a new object is constructed. The same is " +"true for all other ctypes object instances." +msgstr "" +"当从 ctypes 实例提取 ``value`` 属性时，通常每次会返回一个新的对象。 :mod:`ctypes` 并 *没有* " +"实现原始对象返回，它总是会构造一个新的对象。 所有其他 ctypes 对象实例也同样如此。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2267 +msgid "" +"Fundamental data types, when returned as foreign function call results, or, " +"for example, by retrieving structure field members or array items, are " +"transparently converted to native Python types. In other words, if a " +"foreign function has a :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` of :class:`c_char_p`, you " +"will always receive a Python bytes object, *not* a :class:`c_char_p` " +"instance." +msgstr "" +"当作为外部函数调用结果，或者举例来说，作为结构字段成员或数组条目被提取时，基本数据类型会被透明与转换为原生 Python 类型。 " +"换句话说，如果某个外部函数的 :attr:`~_CFuncPtr.restype` 是 :class:`c_char_p`，那么你将总是得到一个 " +"Python 字节串对象，而 *不是* 一个 :class:`c_char_p` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2275 +msgid "" +"Subclasses of fundamental data types do *not* inherit this behavior. So, if " +"a foreign functions :attr:`!restype` is a subclass of :class:`c_void_p`, you" +" will receive an instance of this subclass from the function call. Of " +"course, you can get the value of the pointer by accessing the ``value`` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" +"基本数据类型的子类 *不会* 继承这种行为。 因此，如果一个外部函数的 :attr:`!restype` 是 :class:`c_void_p` " +"的子类，则你将从函数调用得到一个该子类的实例。 当然，你可以通过访问 ``value`` 属性来获取指针的值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2280 +msgid "These are the fundamental ctypes data types:" +msgstr "这些是基本 ctypes 数据类型:" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2284 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`signed char` datatype, and interprets the value as" +" small integer. The constructor accepts an optional integer initializer; no" +" overflow checking is done." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`signed char` 数据类型，并将值解读为一个小整数。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2291 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`char` datatype, and interprets the value as a " +"single character. The constructor accepts an optional string initializer, " +"the length of the string must be exactly one character." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`char` 数据类型，并将值解读为单个字符。 该构造器接受一个可选的字符串初始值，字符串的长度必须恰好为一个字符。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2298 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`char *` datatype when it points to a zero-" +"terminated string. For a general character pointer that may also point to " +"binary data, ``POINTER(c_char)`` must be used. The constructor accepts an " +"integer address, or a bytes object." +msgstr "" +"当指向一个以零为结束符的字符串时代表 C :c:expr:`char *` 数据类型。 对于通用字符指针来说也可能指向二进制数据，必须要使用 " +"``POINTER(c_char)``。 该构造器接受一个整数地址，或者一个字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2306 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`double` datatype. The constructor accepts an " +"optional float initializer." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`double` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的浮点数初始值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2312 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`long double` datatype. The constructor accepts an" +" optional float initializer. On platforms where ``sizeof(long double) == " +"sizeof(double)`` it is an alias to :class:`c_double`." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`long double` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的浮点数初始值。 在 ``sizeof(long double) " +"== sizeof(double)`` 的平台上它是 :class:`c_double` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2318 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`float` datatype. The constructor accepts an " +"optional float initializer." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`float` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的浮点数初始值。datatype. The constructor " +"accepts an optional float initializer." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2324 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`signed int` datatype. The constructor accepts an " +"optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done. On platforms " +"where ``sizeof(int) == sizeof(long)`` it is an alias to :class:`c_long`." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`signed int` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。 在 ``sizeof(int) " +"== sizeof(long)`` 的平台上它是 :class:`c_long` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2331 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 8-bit :c:expr:`signed int` datatype. Usually an alias for " +":class:`c_byte`." +msgstr "代表 C 8 位 :c:expr:`signed int` 数据类型。 通常是 :class:`c_byte` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2337 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 16-bit :c:expr:`signed int` datatype. Usually an alias for" +" :class:`c_short`." +msgstr "代表 C 16 位 :c:expr:`signed int` 数据类型。 通常是 :class:`c_short` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2343 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 32-bit :c:expr:`signed int` datatype. Usually an alias for" +" :class:`c_int`." +msgstr "代表 C 32 位 :c:expr:`signed int` 数据类型。 通常是 :class:`c_int` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2349 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 64-bit :c:expr:`signed int` datatype. Usually an alias for" +" :class:`c_longlong`." +msgstr "代表 C 64 位 :c:expr:`signed int` 数据类型。 通常是 :class:`c_longlong` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2355 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`signed long` datatype. The constructor accepts an" +" optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`signed long` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2361 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`signed long long` datatype. The constructor " +"accepts an optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`signed long long` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2367 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`signed short` datatype. The constructor accepts " +"an optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`signed short` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2373 +msgid "Represents the C :c:type:`size_t` datatype." +msgstr "代表 C :c:type:`size_t` 数据类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2378 +msgid "Represents the C :c:type:`ssize_t` datatype." +msgstr "代表 C :c:type:`ssize_t` 数据类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2385 +msgid "Represents the C :c:type:`time_t` datatype." +msgstr "代表 C :c:type:`time_t` 数据类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2392 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`unsigned char` datatype, it interprets the value " +"as small integer. The constructor accepts an optional integer initializer; " +"no overflow checking is done." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`unsigned char` 数据类型，它将值解读为一个小整数。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2399 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`unsigned int` datatype. The constructor accepts " +"an optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done. On platforms" +" where ``sizeof(int) == sizeof(long)`` it is an alias for :class:`c_ulong`." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`unsigned int` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。 在 ``sizeof(int)" +" == sizeof(long)`` 的平台上它是 :class:`c_ulong` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2406 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 8-bit :c:expr:`unsigned int` datatype. Usually an alias " +"for :class:`c_ubyte`." +msgstr "代表 C 8 位 :c:expr:`unsigned int` 类型。 通常是 :class:`c_ubyte` 的一个别名。." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2412 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 16-bit :c:expr:`unsigned int` datatype. Usually an alias " +"for :class:`c_ushort`." +msgstr "代表 C 16 位 :c:expr:`unsigned int` 数据类型。 通常是 :class:`c_ushort` 的一个别名。." + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2418 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 32-bit :c:expr:`unsigned int` datatype. Usually an alias " +"for :class:`c_uint`." +msgstr "代表 C 32 位 :c:expr:`unsigned int` 数据类型。 通常是 :class:`c_uint` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2424 +msgid "" +"Represents the C 64-bit :c:expr:`unsigned int` datatype. Usually an alias " +"for :class:`c_ulonglong`." +msgstr "" +"代表 C 64 位 :c:expr:`unsigned int` 数据类型。 通常是 :class:`c_ulonglong` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2430 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`unsigned long` datatype. The constructor accepts " +"an optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`unsigned long` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2436 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` datatype. The constructor " +"accepts an optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2442 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`unsigned short` datatype. The constructor accepts" +" an optional integer initializer; no overflow checking is done." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`unsigned short` 数据类型。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值；不会执行溢出检查。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2448 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`void *` type. The value is represented as " +"integer. The constructor accepts an optional integer initializer." +msgstr "代表 C :c:expr:`void *` 类型。 该值被表示为整数形式。 该构造器接受一个可选的整数初始值。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2454 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:type:`wchar_t` datatype, and interprets the value as a " +"single character unicode string. The constructor accepts an optional string" +" initializer, the length of the string must be exactly one character." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:type:`wchar_t` 数据类型，并将值解读为一单个字符的 unicode 字符串。 " +"该构造器接受一个可选的字符串初始化器，字符串的长度必须恰好为一个字符。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2461 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`wchar_t *` datatype, which must be a pointer to a " +"zero-terminated wide character string. The constructor accepts an integer " +"address, or a string." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`wchar_t *` 数据类型，它必须为指向以零为续签符的宽字符串的指针。 该构造器接受一个整数地址，或一个字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2468 +msgid "" +"Represent the C :c:expr:`bool` datatype (more accurately, :c:expr:`_Bool` " +"from C99). Its value can be ``True`` or ``False``, and the constructor " +"accepts any object that has a truth value." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`bool` 数据类型 (更准确地说，是 C99 :c:expr:`_Bool`)。 它的值可以为 ``True`` 或 " +"``False``，并且该构造器接受任何具有逻辑值的对象。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2475 +msgid "" +"Represents a :c:type:`!HRESULT` value, which contains success or error " +"information for a function or method call." +msgstr "代表一个 :c:type:`!HRESULT` 值，它包含某个函数或方法调用的成功或错误信息。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2483 +msgid "" +"Represents the C :c:expr:`PyObject *` datatype. Calling this without an " +"argument creates a ``NULL`` :c:expr:`PyObject *` pointer." +msgstr "" +"代表 C :c:expr:`PyObject *` 数据类型。 不带参数地调用此构造器将创建一个 ``NULL`` :c:expr:`PyObject " +"*` 指针。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2486 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!ctypes.wintypes` module provides quite some other Windows " +"specific data types, for example :c:type:`!HWND`, :c:type:`!WPARAM`, or " +":c:type:`!DWORD`. Some useful structures like :c:type:`!MSG` or " +":c:type:`!RECT` are also defined." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!ctypes.wintypes` 模块提供了其他许多 Windows 专属的数据类型，例如 :c:type:`!HWND`, " +":c:type:`!WPARAM` 或 :c:type:`!DWORD`。 还定义了一些有用的结构体如 :c:type:`!MSG` 或 " +":c:type:`!RECT`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2494 +msgid "Structured data types" +msgstr "结构化数据类型" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2499 +msgid "Abstract base class for unions in native byte order." +msgstr "本机字节序的联合所对应的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2504 +msgid "Abstract base class for unions in *big endian* byte order." +msgstr "*大端* 字节序的联合所对应的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2510 +msgid "Abstract base class for unions in *little endian* byte order." +msgstr "*小端* 字节序的联合所对应的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2516 +msgid "Abstract base class for structures in *big endian* byte order." +msgstr "*大端* 字节序的结构体所对应的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2521 +msgid "Abstract base class for structures in *little endian* byte order." +msgstr "*小端* 字节序的结构体所对应的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2523 +msgid "" +"Structures and unions with non-native byte order cannot contain pointer type" +" fields, or any other data types containing pointer type fields." +msgstr "非本机字节序的结构体和联合不能包含指针类型字段，或任何其他包含指针类型字段的数据类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2529 +msgid "Abstract base class for structures in *native* byte order." +msgstr "*本机* 字节序的结构体所对应的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2531 +msgid "" +"Concrete structure and union types must be created by subclassing one of " +"these types, and at least define a :attr:`_fields_` class variable. " +":mod:`ctypes` will create :term:`descriptor`\\s which allow reading and " +"writing the fields by direct attribute accesses. These are the" +msgstr "" +"实际的结构体和联合类型必须通过子类化这些类型之一来创建，并且至少要定义一个 :attr:`_fields_` 类变量。 :mod:`ctypes` " +"将创建 :term:`descriptor`，它允许通过直接属性访问来读取和写入字段。 这些是" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2539 +msgid "" +"A sequence defining the structure fields. The items must be 2-tuples or " +"3-tuples. The first item is the name of the field, the second item " +"specifies the type of the field; it can be any ctypes data type." +msgstr "" +"一个定义结构体字段的序列。 其中的条目必须为 2 元组或 3 元组。 元组的第一项是字段名称，第二项指明字段类型；它可以是任何 ctypes 数据类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2543 +msgid "" +"For integer type fields like :class:`c_int`, a third optional item can be " +"given. It must be a small positive integer defining the bit width of the " +"field." +msgstr "对于整数类型字段例如 :class:`c_int`，可以给定第三个可选项。 它必须是一个定义字段比特位宽度的小正整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2547 +msgid "" +"Field names must be unique within one structure or union. This is not " +"checked, only one field can be accessed when names are repeated." +msgstr "字段名称在一个结构体或联合中必须唯一。 不会检查这个唯一性，但当名称出现重复时将只有一个字段可被访问。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2550 +msgid "" +"It is possible to define the :attr:`_fields_` class variable *after* the " +"class statement that defines the Structure subclass, this allows creating " +"data types that directly or indirectly reference themselves::" +msgstr "" +"可以在定义 Structure 子类的类语句 *之后* 再定义 :attr:`_fields_` 类变量，这将允许创建直接或间接引用其自身的数据类型::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2554 +msgid "" +"class List(Structure):\n" +" pass\n" +"List._fields_ = [(\"pnext\", POINTER(List)),\n" +" ...\n" +" ]" +msgstr "" +"class List(Structure):\n" +" pass\n" +"List._fields_ = [(\"pnext\", POINTER(List)),\n" +" ...\n" +" ]" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2560 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`_fields_` class variable must, however, be defined before the " +"type is first used (an instance is created, :func:`sizeof` is called on it, " +"and so on). Later assignments to the :attr:`_fields_` class variable will " +"raise an AttributeError." +msgstr "" +"但是，:attr:`_fields_` 类变量必须在类型第一次被使用（创建实例，调用 :func:`sizeof` 等等）之前进行定义。 在此之后对 " +":attr:`_fields_` 类变量赋值将会引发 AttributeError。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2565 +msgid "" +"It is possible to define sub-subclasses of structure types, they inherit the" +" fields of the base class plus the :attr:`_fields_` defined in the sub-" +"subclass, if any." +msgstr "可以定义结构体类型的子类，它们会继承基类的字段再加上在子类中定义的任何 :attr:`_fields_`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2572 +msgid "" +"An optional small integer that allows overriding the alignment of structure " +"fields in the instance. :attr:`_pack_` must already be defined when " +":attr:`_fields_` is assigned, otherwise it will have no effect. Setting this" +" attribute to 0 is the same as not setting it at all." +msgstr "" +"一个可选的小整数，它允许覆盖实例中结构体字段的对齐方式。 当 :attr:`_fields_` 被赋值时必须已经定义了 " +":attr:`_pack_`，否则它将没有效果。 将该属性设为 0 的效果与不设置它一样。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2580 +msgid "" +"An optional small integer that allows overriding the alignment of the " +"structure when being packed or unpacked to/from memory. Setting this " +"attribute to 0 is the same as not setting it at all." +msgstr "一个可选的小整数，它允许覆盖结构体在针对内存执行打包或解包时的对齐方式。 将该属性设为 0 与完全不设置它效果相同。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2588 +msgid "" +"An optional sequence that lists the names of unnamed (anonymous) fields. " +":attr:`_anonymous_` must be already defined when :attr:`_fields_` is " +"assigned, otherwise it will have no effect." +msgstr "" +"一个可选的序列，它会列出未命名（匿名）字段的名称。 当 :attr:`_fields_` 被赋值时必须已经定义了 " +":attr:`_anonymous_`，否则它将没有效果。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2592 +msgid "" +"The fields listed in this variable must be structure or union type fields. " +":mod:`ctypes` will create descriptors in the structure type that allows " +"accessing the nested fields directly, without the need to create the " +"structure or union field." +msgstr "" +"在此变量中列出的字段必须为结构体或联合类型字段。 :mod:`ctypes` " +"将在结构体类型中创建描述器以允许直接访问嵌套字段，而无需创建对应的结构体或联合字段。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2597 +msgid "Here is an example type (Windows)::" +msgstr "以下是一个示例类型（Windows）::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2599 +msgid "" +"class _U(Union):\n" +" _fields_ = [(\"lptdesc\", POINTER(TYPEDESC)),\n" +" (\"lpadesc\", POINTER(ARRAYDESC)),\n" +" (\"hreftype\", HREFTYPE)]\n" +"\n" +"class TYPEDESC(Structure):\n" +" _anonymous_ = (\"u\",)\n" +" _fields_ = [(\"u\", _U),\n" +" (\"vt\", VARTYPE)]" +msgstr "" +"class _U(Union):\n" +" _fields_ = [(\"lptdesc\", POINTER(TYPEDESC)),\n" +" (\"lpadesc\", POINTER(ARRAYDESC)),\n" +" (\"hreftype\", HREFTYPE)]\n" +"\n" +"class TYPEDESC(Structure):\n" +" _anonymous_ = (\"u\",)\n" +" _fields_ = [(\"u\", _U),\n" +" (\"vt\", VARTYPE)]" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2610 +msgid "" +"The ``TYPEDESC`` structure describes a COM data type, the ``vt`` field " +"specifies which one of the union fields is valid. Since the ``u`` field is " +"defined as anonymous field, it is now possible to access the members " +"directly off the TYPEDESC instance. ``td.lptdesc`` and ``td.u.lptdesc`` are " +"equivalent, but the former is faster since it does not need to create a " +"temporary union instance::" +msgstr "" +"``TYPEDESC`` 结构体描述了一个 COM 数据类型，``vt`` 字段指明哪个联合字段是有效的。 由于 ``u`` " +"字段被定义为匿名字段，现在可以直接从 TYPEDESC 实例访问成员。 ``td.lptdesc`` 和 ``td.u.lptdesc`` " +"是等价的，但前者速度更快，因为它不需要创建临时的联合实例::" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2617 +msgid "" +"td = TYPEDESC()\n" +"td.vt = VT_PTR\n" +"td.lptdesc = POINTER(some_type)\n" +"td.u.lptdesc = POINTER(some_type)" +msgstr "" +"td = TYPEDESC()\n" +"td.vt = VT_PTR\n" +"td.lptdesc = POINTER(some_type)\n" +"td.u.lptdesc = POINTER(some_type)" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2622 +msgid "" +"It is possible to define sub-subclasses of structures, they inherit the " +"fields of the base class. If the subclass definition has a separate " +":attr:`_fields_` variable, the fields specified in this are appended to the " +"fields of the base class." +msgstr "" +"可以定义结构体的子类，它们会继承基类的字段。 如果子类定义具有单独的 :attr:`_fields_` 变量，在其中指定的字段会被添加到基类的字段中。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2627 +msgid "" +"Structure and union constructors accept both positional and keyword " +"arguments. Positional arguments are used to initialize member fields in the" +" same order as they are appear in :attr:`_fields_`. Keyword arguments in " +"the constructor are interpreted as attribute assignments, so they will " +"initialize :attr:`_fields_` with the same name, or create new attributes for" +" names not present in :attr:`_fields_`." +msgstr "" +"结构体和联合的构造器均可接受位置和关键字参数。 位置参数用于按照 :attr:`_fields_` 中的出现顺序来初始化成员字段。 " +"构造器中的关键字参数会被解读为属性赋值，因此它们将以相应的名称来初始化 :attr:`_fields_`，或为不存在于 :attr:`_fields_`" +" 中的名称创建新的属性。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2638 +msgid "Arrays and pointers" +msgstr "数组与指针" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2642 +msgid "Abstract base class for arrays." +msgstr "数组的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2644 +msgid "" +"The recommended way to create concrete array types is by multiplying any " +":mod:`ctypes` data type with a non-negative integer. Alternatively, you can" +" subclass this type and define :attr:`_length_` and :attr:`_type_` class " +"variables. Array elements can be read and written using standard subscript " +"and slice accesses; for slice reads, the resulting object is *not* itself an" +" :class:`Array`." +msgstr "" +"创建实体数组类型的推荐方式是通过将任意 :mod:`ctypes` 数据类型与一个非负整数相乘。 作为替代方式，你也可以子类化这个类型并定义 " +":attr:`_length_` 和 :attr:`_type_` 类变量。 数组元素可使用标准的抽取和切片操作来进行读写；对于切片读取，结果对象本身 " +"*不是* 一个 :class:`Array`。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2654 +msgid "" +"A positive integer specifying the number of elements in the array. Out-of-" +"range subscripts result in an :exc:`IndexError`. Will be returned by " +":func:`len`." +msgstr "一个指明数组中元素数量的正整数。 超出范围的抽取会导致 :exc:`IndexError`。 该值将由 :func:`len` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2661 +msgid "Specifies the type of each element in the array." +msgstr "指明数组中每个元素的类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2664 +msgid "" +"Array subclass constructors accept positional arguments, used to initialize " +"the elements in order." +msgstr "Array 子类构造器可接受位置参数，用来按顺序初始化元素。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2669 +msgid "" +"Create an array. Equivalent to ``type * length``, where *type* is a " +":mod:`ctypes` data type and *length* an integer." +msgstr "" +"创建一个数组。 等价于 ``type * length``，其中 *type* 是一个 :mod:`ctypes` 数据类型而 *length* " +"是一个整数。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2673 +msgid "" +"This function is :term:`soft deprecated` in favor of multiplication. There " +"are no plans to remove it." +msgstr "该函数已被 :term:`soft deprecated` 而应改用乘法。 尚无移除它的计划。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2679 +msgid "Private, abstract base class for pointers." +msgstr "私有对象，指针的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2681 +msgid "" +"Concrete pointer types are created by calling :func:`POINTER` with the type " +"that will be pointed to; this is done automatically by :func:`pointer`." +msgstr "实际的指针类型是通过调用 :func:`POINTER` 并附带其将指向的类型来创建的；这会由 :func:`pointer` 自动完成。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2685 +msgid "" +"If a pointer points to an array, its elements can be read and written using " +"standard subscript and slice accesses. Pointer objects have no size, so " +":func:`len` will raise :exc:`TypeError`. Negative subscripts will read from" +" the memory *before* the pointer (as in C), and out-of-range subscripts will" +" probably crash with an access violation (if you're lucky)." +msgstr "" +"如果一个指针指向的是数组，则其元素可使用标准的抽取和切片方式来读写。 指针对象没有长度，因此 :func:`len` 将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 抽取负值将会从指针 *之前* 的内存中读取（与 C " +"一样），并且超出范围的抽取将可能因非法访问而导致崩溃（视你的运气而定）。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2695 +msgid "Specifies the type pointed to." +msgstr "指明所指向的类型。" + +#: ../../library/ctypes.rst:2699 +msgid "" +"Returns the object to which to pointer points. Assigning to this attribute " +"changes the pointer to point to the assigned object." +msgstr "返回指针所指向的对象。 对此属性赋值会使指针改为指向所赋值的对象。" diff --git a/library/curses.ascii.po b/library/curses.ascii.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13f1a280d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/curses.ascii.po @@ -0,0 +1,352 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!curses.ascii` --- Utilities for ASCII characters" +msgstr ":mod:`!curses.ascii` --- 用于 ASCII 字符的工具" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/curses/ascii.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/curses/ascii.py`" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses.ascii` module supplies name constants for ASCII characters " +"and functions to test membership in various ASCII character classes. The " +"constants supplied are names for control characters as follows:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses.ascii` 模块提供了一些 ASCII 字符的名称常量以及在各种 ASCII 字符类中执行成员检测的函数。 " +"所提供的控制字符常量如下:" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:19 +msgid "Name" +msgstr "名称" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:19 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:23 +msgid "Start of heading, console interrupt" +msgstr "标题开始，控制台中断" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:25 +msgid "Start of text" +msgstr "文本开始" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:27 +msgid "End of text" +msgstr "文本结束" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:29 +msgid "End of transmission" +msgstr "传输结束" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:31 +msgid "Enquiry, goes with :const:`ACK` flow control" +msgstr "查询，附带 :const:`ACK` 流量控制" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:33 +msgid "Acknowledgement" +msgstr "确认" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:35 +msgid "Bell" +msgstr "蜂鸣器" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:37 +msgid "Backspace" +msgstr "退格" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:39 +msgid "Tab" +msgstr "制表符" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:41 +msgid "Alias for :const:`TAB`: \"Horizontal tab\"" +msgstr ":const:`TAB` 的别名： \"水平制表符”" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:43 +msgid "Line feed" +msgstr "换行" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:45 +msgid "Alias for :const:`LF`: \"New line\"" +msgstr ":const:`LF` 的别名： \"新行\"" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:47 +msgid "Vertical tab" +msgstr "垂直制表符" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:49 +msgid "Form feed" +msgstr "换页" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:51 +msgid "Carriage return" +msgstr "回车" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:53 +msgid "Shift-out, begin alternate character set" +msgstr "Shift-out，开始替换字符集" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:55 +msgid "Shift-in, resume default character set" +msgstr "Shift-in，恢复默认字符集" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:57 +msgid "Data-link escape" +msgstr "Data-link escape，数据链接转义" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:59 +msgid "XON, for flow control" +msgstr "XON，用于流程控制" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:61 +msgid "Device control 2, block-mode flow control" +msgstr "Device control 2，块模式流程控制" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:63 +msgid "XOFF, for flow control" +msgstr "XOFF，用于流程控制" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:65 +msgid "Device control 4" +msgstr "设备控制4" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:67 +msgid "Negative acknowledgement" +msgstr "否定确认" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:69 +msgid "Synchronous idle" +msgstr "同步空闲" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:71 +msgid "End transmission block" +msgstr "末端传输块" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:73 +msgid "Cancel" +msgstr "取消" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:75 +msgid "End of medium" +msgstr "媒体结束" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:77 +msgid "Substitute" +msgstr "替换" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:79 +msgid "Escape" +msgstr "退出" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:81 +msgid "File separator" +msgstr "文件分隔符" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:83 +msgid "Group separator" +msgstr "组分隔符" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:85 +msgid "Record separator, block-mode terminator" +msgstr "Record separator，块模式终止符" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:87 +msgid "Unit separator" +msgstr "单位分隔符" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:89 +msgid "Space" +msgstr "空格" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:91 +msgid "Delete" +msgstr "删除" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Note that many of these have little practical significance in modern usage." +" The mnemonics derive from teleprinter conventions that predate digital " +"computers." +msgstr "请注意其中有许多在现今已经没有实际作用。 这些助记符是来源于数字计算机之前的电传打印机规范。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:97 +msgid "" +"The module supplies the following functions, patterned on those in the " +"standard C library:" +msgstr "此模块提供了下列函数，对应于标准 C 库中的函数:" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Checks for an ASCII alphanumeric character; it is equivalent to ``isalpha(c)" +" or isdigit(c)``." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 字母数字类字符；它等价于 ``isalpha(c) 或 isdigit(c)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Checks for an ASCII alphabetic character; it is equivalent to ``isupper(c) " +"or islower(c)``." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 字母类字符；它等价于 ``isupper(c) or islower(c)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:115 +msgid "Checks for a character value that fits in the 7-bit ASCII set." +msgstr "检测字符值是否在 7 位 ASCII 集范围内。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:120 +msgid "Checks for an ASCII whitespace character; space or horizontal tab." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 空白字符；包括空格或水平制表符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Checks for an ASCII control character (in the range 0x00 to 0x1f or 0x7f)." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 控制字符（在 0x00 到 0x1f 或 0x7f 范围内）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Checks for an ASCII decimal digit, ``'0'`` through ``'9'``. This is " +"equivalent to ``c in string.digits``." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 十进制数码，即 ``'0'`` 至 ``'9'``。 它等价于 ``c in string.digits``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:136 +msgid "Checks for ASCII any printable character except space." +msgstr "检测任意 ASCII 可打印字符，不包括空白符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:141 +msgid "Checks for an ASCII lower-case character." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 小写字母字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:146 +msgid "Checks for any ASCII printable character including space." +msgstr "检测任意 ASCII 可打印字符，包括空白符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Checks for any printable ASCII character which is not a space or an " +"alphanumeric character." +msgstr "检测任意 ASCII 可打印字符，不包括空白符或字母数字类字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Checks for ASCII white-space characters; space, line feed, carriage return, " +"form feed, horizontal tab, vertical tab." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 空白字符；包括空格，换行，回车，进纸，水平制表和垂直制表。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:163 +msgid "Checks for an ASCII uppercase letter." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 大写字母字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Checks for an ASCII hexadecimal digit. This is equivalent to ``c in " +"string.hexdigits``." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 十六进制数码。 这等价于 ``c in string.hexdigits``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:174 +msgid "Checks for an ASCII control character (ordinal values 0 to 31)." +msgstr "检测 ASCII 控制字符（码位值 0 至 31）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:179 +msgid "Checks for a non-ASCII character (ordinal values 0x80 and above)." +msgstr "检测非 ASCII 字符（码位值 0x80 及以上）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:181 +msgid "" +"These functions accept either integers or single-character strings; when the" +" argument is a string, it is first converted using the built-in function " +":func:`ord`." +msgstr "这些函数接受整数或单字符字符串；当参数为字符串时，会先使用内置函数 :func:`ord` 进行转换。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Note that all these functions check ordinal bit values derived from the " +"character of the string you pass in; they do not actually know anything " +"about the host machine's character encoding." +msgstr "请注意所有这些函数都是检测根据你传入的字符串的字符所生成的码位值；它们实际上完全不会知晓本机的字符编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:188 +msgid "" +"The following two functions take either a single-character string or integer" +" byte value; they return a value of the same type." +msgstr "以下两个函数接受单字符字符串或整数形式的字节值；它们会返回相同类型的值。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:194 +msgid "Return the ASCII value corresponding to the low 7 bits of *c*." +msgstr "返回对应于 *c* 的下个 7 比特位的 ASCII 值。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Return the control character corresponding to the given character (the " +"character bit value is bitwise-anded with 0x1f)." +msgstr "返回对应于给定字符的控制字符（字符比特值会与 0x1f 进行按位与运算）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Return the 8-bit character corresponding to the given ASCII character (the " +"character bit value is bitwise-ored with 0x80)." +msgstr "返回对应于给定 ASCII 字符的 8 比特位字符（字符比特值会与 0x80 进行按位或运算）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:208 +msgid "" +"The following function takes either a single-character string or integer " +"value; it returns a string." +msgstr "以下函数接受单字符字符串或整数值；它会返回一个字符串。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Return a string representation of the ASCII character *c*. If *c* is " +"printable, this string is the character itself. If the character is a " +"control character (0x00--0x1f) the string consists of a caret (``'^'``) " +"followed by the corresponding uppercase letter. If the character is an ASCII" +" delete (0x7f) the string is ``'^?'``. If the character has its meta bit " +"(0x80) set, the meta bit is stripped, the preceding rules applied, and " +"``'!'`` prepended to the result." +msgstr "" +"返回 ASCII 字符 *c* 的字符串表示形式。 如果 *c* 是可打印字符，则字符串为字符本身。 如果该字符是控制字符 (0x00--0x1f) " +"则字符串由一个插入符 (``'^'``) 加相应的大写字母组成。 如果该字符是 ASCII 删除符 (0x7f) 则字符串为 ``'^?'``。 " +"如果该字符设置了元比特位 (0x80)，元比特位会被去除，应用以上规则后将在结果之前添加 ``'!'``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:228 +msgid "" +"A 33-element string array that contains the ASCII mnemonics for the thirty-" +"two ASCII control characters from 0 (NUL) to 0x1f (US), in order, plus the " +"mnemonic ``SP`` for the space character." +msgstr "" +"一个 33 元素的字符串数据，其中按从 0 (NUL) 到 0x1f (US) 的顺序包含了三十二个 ASCII 控制字符的 ASCII " +"助记符，另加空格符的助记符 ``SP``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:212 +msgid "^ (caret)" +msgstr "^ (脱字号)" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:212 +msgid "in curses module" +msgstr "在 curses 模块中" + +#: ../../library/curses.ascii.rst:212 +msgid "! (exclamation)" +msgstr "! (感叹号)" diff --git a/library/curses.panel.po b/library/curses.panel.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..602de4df3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/curses.panel.po @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!curses.panel` --- A panel stack extension for curses" +msgstr ":mod:`!curses.panel` --- 针对 curses 的面板栈扩展" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Panels are windows with the added feature of depth, so they can be stacked " +"on top of each other, and only the visible portions of each window will be " +"displayed. Panels can be added, moved up or down in the stack, and removed." +msgstr "" +"面板是具有添加深度功能的窗口，因此它们可以从上至下堆叠为栈，只有显示每个窗口的可见部分会显示出来。 面板可以在栈中被添加、上移或下移，也可以被移除。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:19 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:21 +msgid "The module :mod:`curses.panel` defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`curses.panel` 模块定义了以下函数:" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:26 +msgid "Returns the bottom panel in the panel stack." +msgstr "返回面板栈中的底部面板。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Returns a panel object, associating it with the given window *win*. Be aware" +" that you need to keep the returned panel object referenced explicitly. If " +"you don't, the panel object is garbage collected and removed from the panel " +"stack." +msgstr "" +"返回一个面板对象，将其与给定的窗口 *win* 相关联。 请注意你必须显式地保持所返回的面板对象。 " +"如果你不这样做，面板对象会被垃圾回收并从面板栈中被移除。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:38 +msgid "Returns the top panel in the panel stack." +msgstr "返回面板栈中的顶部面板。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Updates the virtual screen after changes in the panel stack. This does not " +"call :func:`curses.doupdate`, so you'll have to do this yourself." +msgstr "在面板栈发生改变后更新虚拟屏幕。 这不会调用 :func:`curses.doupdate`，因此你不必自己执行此操作。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:50 +msgid "Panel Objects" +msgstr "Panel 对象" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Panel objects, as returned by :func:`new_panel` above, are windows with a " +"stacking order. There's always a window associated with a panel which " +"determines the content, while the panel methods are responsible for the " +"window's depth in the panel stack." +msgstr "" +"Panel 对象，如上面 :func:`new_panel` 所返回的对象，是带有栈顺序的多个窗口。 " +"总是会有一个窗口与确定内容的面板相关联，面板方法会负责窗口在面板栈中的深度。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:57 +msgid "Panel objects have the following methods:" +msgstr "Panel 对象具有以下方法:" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:62 +msgid "Returns the panel above the current panel." +msgstr "返回当前面板之上的面板。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:67 +msgid "Returns the panel below the current panel." +msgstr "返回当前面板之下的面板。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:72 +msgid "Push the panel to the bottom of the stack." +msgstr "将面板推至栈底部。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if the panel is hidden (not visible), ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果面板被隐藏（不可见）则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Hide the panel. This does not delete the object, it just makes the window on" +" screen invisible." +msgstr "隐藏面板。 这不会删除对象，它只是让窗口在屏幕上不可见。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:88 +msgid "Move the panel to the screen coordinates ``(y, x)``." +msgstr "将面板移至屏幕坐标 ``(y, x)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:93 +msgid "Change the window associated with the panel to the window *win*." +msgstr "将与面板相关联的窗口改为窗口 *win*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Set the panel's user pointer to *obj*. This is used to associate an " +"arbitrary piece of data with the panel, and can be any Python object." +msgstr "将面板的用户指向设为 *obj*。 这被用来将任意数据与面板相关联，数据可以是任何 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:104 +msgid "Display the panel (which might have been hidden)." +msgstr "显示面板（面板可能已被隐藏）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:109 +msgid "Push panel to the top of the stack." +msgstr "将面板推至栈顶部。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Returns the user pointer for the panel. This might be any Python object." +msgstr "返回面板的用户指针。 这可以是任何 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../library/curses.panel.rst:119 +msgid "Returns the window object associated with the panel." +msgstr "返回与面板相关联的窗口对象。" diff --git a/library/curses.po b/library/curses.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aedcbee39 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/curses.po @@ -0,0 +1,2822 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# SKY H. , 2021 +# 8af080f2e6702c64bedd01873aed27e8_25aec74 , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!curses` --- Terminal handling for character-cell displays" +msgstr ":mod:`!curses` --- 字符单元显示的终端处理" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/curses`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/curses`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses` module provides an interface to the curses library, the " +"de-facto standard for portable advanced terminal handling." +msgstr ":mod:`curses` 模块提供了 curses 库的接口，这是可移植高级终端处理的事实标准。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:19 +msgid "" +"While curses is most widely used in the Unix environment, versions are " +"available for Windows, DOS, and possibly other systems as well. This " +"extension module is designed to match the API of ncurses, an open-source " +"curses library hosted on Linux and the BSD variants of Unix." +msgstr "" +"虽然 curses 在 Unix 环境中使用最为广泛，但也有适用于 Windows，DOS 以及其他可能的系统的版本。此扩展模块旨在匹配 ncurses" +" 的 API，这是一个部署在 Linux 和 Unix 的 BSD 变体上的开源 curses 库。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module is not supported on :ref:`mobile platforms ` or :ref:`WebAssembly platforms `." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 :ref:`移动平台 ` 或 :ref:`WebAssembly 平台 ` 上不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Whenever the documentation mentions a *character* it can be specified as an " +"integer, a one-character Unicode string or a one-byte byte string." +msgstr "每当文档提到 **字符** 时，它可以被指定为一个整数，一个单字符 Unicode 字符串或者一个单字节的字节字符串。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Whenever the documentation mentions a *character string* it can be specified" +" as a Unicode string or a byte string." +msgstr "每当此文档提到 **字符串** 时，它可以被指定为一个 Unicode 字符串或者一个字节字符串。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:36 +msgid "Module :mod:`curses.ascii`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`curses.ascii`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Utilities for working with ASCII characters, regardless of your locale " +"settings." +msgstr "在 ASCII 字符上工作的工具，无论你的区域设置是什么。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:39 +msgid "Module :mod:`curses.panel`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`curses.panel`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:40 +msgid "A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows." +msgstr "为 curses 窗口添加深度的面板栈扩展。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:42 +msgid "Module :mod:`curses.textpad`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`curses.textpad`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Editable text widget for curses supporting :program:`Emacs`\\ -like " +"bindings." +msgstr "用于使 curses 支持 :program:`Emacs` 式绑定的可编辑文本部件。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:45 +msgid ":ref:`curses-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`curses-howto`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Tutorial material on using curses with Python, by Andrew Kuchling and Eric " +"Raymond." +msgstr "关于配合 Python 使用 curses 的教学材料，由 Andrew Kuchling 和 Eric Raymond 撰写。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:53 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:55 +msgid "The module :mod:`curses` defines the following exception:" +msgstr ":mod:`curses` 模块定义了以下异常：" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:60 +msgid "Exception raised when a curses library function returns an error." +msgstr "当 curses 库中函数返回一个错误时引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Whenever *x* or *y* arguments to a function or a method are optional, they " +"default to the current cursor location. Whenever *attr* is optional, it " +"defaults to :const:`A_NORMAL`." +msgstr "" +"只要一个函数或方法的 *x* 或 *y* 参数是可选项，它们会默认为当前光标位置。 而当 *attr* 是可选项时，它会默认为 " +":const:`A_NORMAL`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:68 +msgid "The module :mod:`curses` defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`curses` 模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Return the output speed of the terminal in bits per second. On software " +"terminal emulators it will have a fixed high value. Included for historical " +"reasons; in former times, it was used to write output loops for time delays" +" and occasionally to change interfaces depending on the line speed." +msgstr "" +"以每秒比特数为单位返回终端输出速度。 在软件终端模拟器上它将具有一个固定的最高值。 " +"此函数出于历史原因被包括；在以前，它被用于写输出循环以提供时间延迟，并偶尔根据线路速度来改变接口。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:81 +msgid "Emit a short attention sound." +msgstr "发出短促的提醒声音。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` or ``False``, depending on whether the programmer can change" +" the colors displayed by the terminal." +msgstr "根据程序员能否改变终端显示的颜色返回 ``True`` 或 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Enter cbreak mode. In cbreak mode (sometimes called \"rare\" mode) normal " +"tty line buffering is turned off and characters are available to be read one" +" by one. However, unlike raw mode, special characters (interrupt, quit, " +"suspend, and flow control) retain their effects on the tty driver and " +"calling program. Calling first :func:`raw` then :func:`cbreak` leaves the " +"terminal in cbreak mode." +msgstr "" +"进入 cbreak 模式。 在 cbreak 模式（有时也称为“稀有”模式）通常的 tty 行缓冲会被关闭并且字符可以被一个一个地读取。 " +"但是，与原始模式不同，特殊字符（中断、退出、挂起和流程控制）会在 tty 驱动和调用程序上保留其效果。 首先调用 :func:`raw` 然后调用 " +":func:`cbreak` 会将终端置于 cbreak 模式。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Return the intensity of the red, green, and blue (RGB) components in the " +"color *color_number*, which must be between ``0`` and ``COLORS - 1``. " +"Return a 3-tuple, containing the R,G,B values for the given color, which " +"will be between ``0`` (no component) and ``1000`` (maximum amount of " +"component)." +msgstr "" +"返回颜色值 *color_number* 中红、绿和蓝（RGB）分量的强度，此强度值必须介于 ``0`` 和 ``COLORS - 1`` 之间。 " +"返回一个 3 元组，其中包含给定颜色的 R,G,B 值，它们必须介于 ``0`` (无分量) 和 ``1000`` (最大分量) 之间。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Return the attribute value for displaying text in the specified color pair. " +"Only the first 256 color pairs are supported. This attribute value can be " +"combined with :const:`A_STANDOUT`, :const:`A_REVERSE`, and the other " +":const:`!A_\\*` attributes. :func:`pair_number` is the counterpart to this " +"function." +msgstr "" +"返回用于以指定颜色对显示文本的属性值。 仅支持前 256 个颜色对。 该属性值可与 :const:`A_STANDOUT`, " +":const:`A_REVERSE` 以及其他 :const:`!A_\\*` 属性组合使用。 :func:`pair_number` " +"是此函数的对应操作。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Set the cursor state. *visibility* can be set to ``0``, ``1``, or ``2``, " +"for invisible, normal, or very visible. If the terminal supports the " +"visibility requested, return the previous cursor state; otherwise raise an " +"exception. On many terminals, the \"visible\" mode is an underline cursor " +"and the \"very visible\" mode is a block cursor." +msgstr "" +"设置光标状态。 *visibility* 可设为 ``0``, ``1`` 或 ``2`` 表示不可见、正常与高度可见。 " +"如果终端支持所请求的可见性，则返回之前的光标状态；否则会引发异常。 在许多终端上，“正常可见”模式为下划线光标而“高度可见”模式为方块形光标。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Save the current terminal mode as the \"program\" mode, the mode when the " +"running program is using curses. (Its counterpart is the \"shell\" mode, " +"for when the program is not in curses.) Subsequent calls to " +":func:`reset_prog_mode` will restore this mode." +msgstr "" +"将当前终端模式保存为 \"program\" 模式，即正在运行的程序使用 curses 的模式。 （与其相对的是 \"shell\" 模式，即程序不使用" +" curses。） 对 :func:`reset_prog_mode` 的后续调用将恢复此模式。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Save the current terminal mode as the \"shell\" mode, the mode when the " +"running program is not using curses. (Its counterpart is the \"program\" " +"mode, when the program is using curses capabilities.) Subsequent calls to " +":func:`reset_shell_mode` will restore this mode." +msgstr "" +"将当前终端模式保存为 \"shell\" 模式，即正在运行的程序不使用 curses 的模式。 （与其相对的是 \"program\" 模式，即程序使用" +" 功能。） 对 :func:`reset_shell_mode` 的后续调用将恢复此模式。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:143 +msgid "Insert an *ms* millisecond pause in output." +msgstr "在输出中插入 *ms* 毫秒的暂停。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Update the physical screen. The curses library keeps two data structures, " +"one representing the current physical screen contents and a virtual screen " +"representing the desired next state. The :func:`doupdate` ground updates " +"the physical screen to match the virtual screen." +msgstr "" +"更新物理屏幕。 curses 库会保留两个数据结构，一个代表当前物理屏幕的内容以及一个虚拟屏幕代表需要的后续状态。 :func:`doupdate` " +"整体更新物理屏幕以匹配虚拟屏幕。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:153 +msgid "" +"The virtual screen may be updated by a :meth:`~window.noutrefresh` call " +"after write operations such as :meth:`~window.addstr` have been performed on" +" a window. The normal :meth:`~window.refresh` call is simply " +":meth:`!noutrefresh` followed by :func:`!doupdate`; if you have to update " +"multiple windows, you can speed performance and perhaps reduce screen " +"flicker by issuing :meth:`!noutrefresh` calls on all windows, followed by a " +"single :func:`!doupdate`." +msgstr "" +"虚拟屏幕可以通过在写入操作例如在一个窗口上执行 :meth:`~window.addstr` 之后调用 " +":meth:`~window.noutrefresh` 来刷新。 普通的 :meth:`~window.refresh` 调用只是简单的 " +":meth:`!noutrefresh` 加 :func:`!doupdate`；如果你需要更新多个窗口，你可以通过在所有窗口上发出 " +":meth:`!noutrefresh` 调用再加单次 :func:`!doupdate` 来提升性能并可减少屏幕闪烁。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Enter echo mode. In echo mode, each character input is echoed to the screen" +" as it is entered." +msgstr "进入 echo 模式。 在 echo 模式下，输入的每个字符都会在输入后回显到屏幕上。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:169 +msgid "De-initialize the library, and return terminal to normal status." +msgstr "撤销库的初始化，使终端返回正常状态。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Return the user's current erase character as a one-byte bytes object. Under" +" Unix operating systems this is a property of the controlling tty of the " +"curses program, and is not set by the curses library itself." +msgstr "" +"将用户的当前擦除字符以单字节字节串对象的形式返回。 在 Unix 操作系统下这是 curses 程序用来控制 tty 的属性，而不是由 curses " +"库本身来设置的。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The :func:`.filter` routine, if used, must be called before :func:`initscr` " +"is called. The effect is that, during those calls, :envvar:`LINES` is set " +"to ``1``; the capabilities ``clear``, ``cup``, ``cud``, ``cud1``, ``cuu1``, " +"``cuu``, ``vpa`` are disabled; and the ``home`` string is set to the value " +"of ``cr``. The effect is that the cursor is confined to the current line, " +"and so are screen updates. This may be used for enabling character-at-a-" +"time line editing without touching the rest of the screen." +msgstr "" +"如果要使用 :func:`.filter` 例程，它必须在调用 :func:`initscr` 之前被调用。 " +"其效果是在这些调用期间，:envvar:`LINES` 会被设为 ``1``；``clear``, ``cup``, ``cud``, " +"``cud1``, ``cuu1``, ``cuu``, ``vpa`` 等功能会被禁用；而 ``home`` 字符串会被设为 ``cr`` 的值。 " +"其影响是光标会被限制在当前行内，屏幕刷新也是如此。 这可被用于启用单字符模式的行编辑而不触及屏幕的其余部分。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Flash the screen. That is, change it to reverse-video and then change it " +"back in a short interval. Some people prefer such as 'visible bell' to the " +"audible attention signal produced by :func:`beep`." +msgstr "" +"闪烁屏幕。 也就是将其改为反显并在很短的时间内将其改回原状。 有些人更喜欢这样的‘视觉响铃’而非 :func:`beep` 所产生的听觉提醒信号。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Flush all input buffers. This throws away any typeahead that has been " +"typed by the user and has not yet been processed by the program." +msgstr "刷新所有输入缓冲区。 这会丢弃任何已被用户输入但尚未被程序处理的预输入内容。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:204 +msgid "" +"After :meth:`~window.getch` returns :const:`KEY_MOUSE` to signal a mouse " +"event, this method should be called to retrieve the queued mouse event, " +"represented as a 5-tuple ``(id, x, y, z, bstate)``. *id* is an ID value used" +" to distinguish multiple devices, and *x*, *y*, *z* are the event's " +"coordinates. (*z* is currently unused.) *bstate* is an integer value whose" +" bits will be set to indicate the type of event, and will be the bitwise OR " +"of one or more of the following constants, where *n* is the button number " +"from 1 to 5: :const:`BUTTONn_PRESSED`, :const:`BUTTONn_RELEASED`, " +":const:`BUTTONn_CLICKED`, :const:`BUTTONn_DOUBLE_CLICKED`, " +":const:`BUTTONn_TRIPLE_CLICKED`, :const:`BUTTON_SHIFT`, " +":const:`BUTTON_CTRL`, :const:`BUTTON_ALT`." +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`~window.getch` 返回 :const:`KEY_MOUSE` " +"以发出鼠标事件信号之后，应当调用此方法来获取加入队列的鼠标事件，事件以一个 5 元组 ``(id, x, y, z, bstate)`` 来表示。 其中" +" *id* 为用于区分多个设备的 ID 值，而 *x*, *y*, *z* 为事件的坐标。 (*z* 目前未被使用。) *bstate* " +"为一个整数值，其各个比特位将被设置用来表示事件的类型，并将为下列常量中的一个或多个按位 OR 的结果，其中 *n* 是以 1 到 5 表示的键号: " +":const:`BUTTONn_PRESSED`, :const:`BUTTONn_RELEASED`, " +":const:`BUTTONn_CLICKED`, :const:`BUTTONn_DOUBLE_CLICKED`, " +":const:`BUTTONn_TRIPLE_CLICKED`, :const:`BUTTON_SHIFT`, " +":const:`BUTTON_CTRL`, :const:`BUTTON_ALT`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:215 ../../library/curses.rst:1776 +msgid "" +"The ``BUTTON5_*`` constants are now exposed if they are provided by the " +"underlying curses library." +msgstr "现在 ``BUTTON5_*`` 常量如果是由下层 curses 库提供的则会对外公开。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Return the current coordinates of the virtual screen cursor as a tuple ``(y," +" x)``. If :meth:`leaveok ` is currently ``True``, then " +"return ``(-1, -1)``." +msgstr "" +"将当前虚拟屏幕光标的坐标作为元组 ``(y, x)`` 返回。 如果 :meth:`leaveok ` 当前为 " +"``True``，则返回 ``(-1, -1)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Read window related data stored in the file by an earlier " +":func:`window.putwin` call. The routine then creates and initializes a new " +"window using that data, returning the new window object." +msgstr "" +"读取由之前的 :func:`window.putwin` 调用存储在文件中的窗口相关数据。 " +"该例程随后将使用该数据创建并初始化一个新窗口，并返回这个新窗口对象。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:235 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the terminal can display colors; otherwise, return " +"``False``." +msgstr "如果终端能显示彩色则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the module supports extended colors; otherwise, return " +"``False``. Extended color support allows more than 256 color pairs for " +"terminals that support more than 16 colors (e.g. xterm-256color)." +msgstr "" +"如果此模块支持扩展颜色则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。 扩展颜色支持允许支持超过 16 种颜色的终端（例如 " +"xterm-256color）支持超过 256 种颜色对。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:243 +msgid "Extended color support requires ncurses version 6.1 or later." +msgstr "扩展颜色支持要求 ncurses 版本为 6.1 或更新。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the terminal has insert- and delete-character " +"capabilities. This function is included for historical reasons only, as all " +"modern software terminal emulators have such capabilities." +msgstr "如果终端具有插入和删除字符的功能则返回 ``True``。 此函数仅是出于历史原因而被包括的，因为所有现代软件终端模拟器都具有这些功能。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the terminal has insert- and delete-line capabilities, or" +" can simulate them using scrolling regions. This function is included for " +"historical reasons only, as all modern software terminal emulators have such" +" capabilities." +msgstr "" +"如果终端具有插入和删除字符功能，或者能够使用滚动区域来模拟这些功能则返回 ``True``。 " +"此函数仅是出于历史原因而被包括的，因为所有现代软件终端模拟器都具有这些功能。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Take a key value *ch*, and return ``True`` if the current terminal type " +"recognizes a key with that value." +msgstr "接受一个键值 *ch*，并在当前终端类型能识别出具有该值的键时返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Used for half-delay mode, which is similar to cbreak mode in that characters" +" typed by the user are immediately available to the program. However, after " +"blocking for *tenths* tenths of seconds, raise an exception if nothing has " +"been typed. The value of *tenths* must be a number between ``1`` and " +"``255``. Use :func:`nocbreak` to leave half-delay mode." +msgstr "" +"用于半延迟模式，与 cbreak 模式的类似之处是用户所键入的字符会立即对程序可用。 但是，在阻塞 *tenths* " +"个十分之一秒之后，如果还未输入任何内容则将引发异常。 *tenths* 值必须为 ``1`` 和 ``255`` 之间的数字。 使用 " +":func:`nocbreak` 可退出半延迟模式。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Change the definition of a color, taking the number of the color to be " +"changed followed by three RGB values (for the amounts of red, green, and " +"blue components). The value of *color_number* must be between ``0`` and " +"``COLORS - 1``. Each of *r*, *g*, *b*, must be a value between ``0`` and " +"``1000``. When :func:`init_color` is used, all occurrences of that color on" +" the screen immediately change to the new definition. This function is a " +"no-op on most terminals; it is active only if :func:`can_change_color` " +"returns ``True``." +msgstr "" +"更改某个颜色的定义，接受要更改的颜色编号以及三个 RGB 值（表示红绿蓝三个分量的强度）。 *color_number* 的值必须为 ``0`` 和 " +"``COLORS - 1`` 之间的数字。 每个 *r*, *g*, *b* 值必须为 ``0`` 和 ``1000`` 之间的数字。 当使用 " +":func:`init_color` 时，出现在屏幕上的对应颜色会立即按照定定义来更改。 此函数在大多数终端上都是无操作的；它仅会在 " +":func:`can_change_color` 返回 ``True`` 时生效。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Change the definition of a color-pair. It takes three arguments: the number" +" of the color-pair to be changed, the foreground color number, and the " +"background color number. The value of *pair_number* must be between ``1`` " +"and ``COLOR_PAIRS - 1`` (the ``0`` color pair is wired to white on black and" +" cannot be changed). The value of *fg* and *bg* arguments must be between " +"``0`` and ``COLORS - 1``, or, after calling :func:`use_default_colors`, " +"``-1``. If the color-pair was previously initialized, the screen is " +"refreshed and all occurrences of that color-pair are changed to the new " +"definition." +msgstr "" +"更改某个颜色对的定义。 它接受三个参数：要更改的颜色对编号，前景色编号和背景色编号。 *pair_number* 值必须为 ``1`` 和 " +"``COLOR_PAIRS - 1`` 之间的数字（并且 ``0`` 号颜色对固定为黑底白字而无法更改）。 *fg* 和 *bg* 参数必须为 " +"``0`` 和 ``COLORS - 1`` 之间的数字，或者在调用 :func:`use_default_colors` 之后则为 ``-1``。 " +"如果颜色对之前已被初始化，则屏幕会被刷新使得出现在屏幕上的该颜色会立即按照新定义来更改。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:303 +msgid "" +"Initialize the library. Return a :ref:`window ` " +"object which represents the whole screen." +msgstr "初始化库。 返回代表整个屏幕的 :ref:`窗口 ` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:308 +msgid "" +"If there is an error opening the terminal, the underlying curses library may" +" cause the interpreter to exit." +msgstr "如果打开终端时发生错误，则下层的 curses 库可能会导致解释器退出。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if :func:`resize_term` would modify the window structure, " +"``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果 :func:`resize_term` 会修改窗口结构则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if :func:`endwin` has been called (that is, the curses " +"library has been deinitialized)." +msgstr "如果 :func:`endwin` 已经被调用（即 curses 库已经被撤销初始化则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Return the name of the key numbered *k* as a bytes object. The name of a " +"key generating printable ASCII character is the key's character. The name " +"of a control-key combination is a two-byte bytes object consisting of a " +"caret (``b'^'``) followed by the corresponding printable ASCII character. " +"The name of an alt-key combination (128--255) is a bytes object consisting " +"of the prefix ``b'M-'`` followed by the name of the corresponding ASCII " +"character." +msgstr "" +"将编号为 *k* 的键名称作为字节串对象返回。 生成可打印 ASCII 字符的键名称就是键所对应的字符。 Ctrl-" +"键组合的键名称则是一个两字节的字节串对象，它由插入符 (``b'^'``) 加对应的可打印 ASCII 字符组成。 Alt-键组合 (128--255)" +" 的键名称则是由前缀 ``b'M-'`` 加对应的可打印 ASCII 字符组成的字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:336 +msgid "" +"Return the user's current line kill character as a one-byte bytes object. " +"Under Unix operating systems this is a property of the controlling tty of " +"the curses program, and is not set by the curses library itself." +msgstr "" +"将用户的当前行删除字符以单字节字节串对象的形式返回。 在 Unix 操作系统下这是 curses 程序用来控制 tty 的属性，而不是由 curses " +"库本身来设置的。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:343 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes object containing the terminfo long name field describing the" +" current terminal. The maximum length of a verbose description is 128 " +"characters. It is defined only after the call to :func:`initscr`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个字节串对象，其中包含描述当前终端的 terminfo 长名称字段。 详细描述的最大长度为 128 个字符。 它仅在调用 " +":func:`initscr` 之后才会被定义。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:350 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``True``, allow 8-bit characters to be input. If *flag* is " +"``False``, allow only 7-bit chars." +msgstr "" +"如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，则允许输入 8 比特位的字符。 如果 *flag* 为 ``False``，则只允许 7 比特位的字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:356 +msgid "" +"Set the maximum time in milliseconds that can elapse between press and " +"release events in order for them to be recognized as a click, and return the" +" previous interval value. The default value is 200 milliseconds, or one " +"fifth of a second." +msgstr "以毫秒为单位设置能够被识别为点击的按下和事件事件之间可间隔的最长时间，并返回之前的间隔值。 默认值为 200 毫秒，即五分之一秒。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Set the mouse events to be reported, and return a tuple ``(availmask, " +"oldmask)``. *availmask* indicates which of the specified mouse events can " +"be reported; on complete failure it returns ``0``. *oldmask* is the " +"previous value of the given window's mouse event mask. If this function is " +"never called, no mouse events are ever reported." +msgstr "" +"设置要报告的鼠标事件，并返回一个元组 ``(availmask, oldmask)``。 *availmask* " +"表明指定的鼠标事件中哪些可以被报告；当完全失败时将返回 ``0``。 *oldmask* 是给定窗口的鼠标事件之前的掩码值。 " +"如果从未调用此函数，则不会报告任何鼠标事件。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:372 +msgid "Sleep for *ms* milliseconds." +msgstr "休眠 *ms* 毫秒。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Create and return a pointer to a new pad data structure with the given " +"number of lines and columns. Return a pad as a window object." +msgstr "创建并返回一个指向具有给定行数和列数新的面板数据结构的指针。 将面板作为窗口对象返回。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:380 +msgid "" +"A pad is like a window, except that it is not restricted by the screen size," +" and is not necessarily associated with a particular part of the screen. " +"Pads can be used when a large window is needed, and only a part of the " +"window will be on the screen at one time. Automatic refreshes of pads (such" +" as from scrolling or echoing of input) do not occur. The " +":meth:`~window.refresh` and :meth:`~window.noutrefresh` methods of a pad " +"require 6 arguments to specify the part of the pad to be displayed and the " +"location on the screen to be used for the display. The arguments are " +"*pminrow*, *pmincol*, *sminrow*, *smincol*, *smaxrow*, *smaxcol*; the *p* " +"arguments refer to the upper left corner of the pad region to be displayed " +"and the *s* arguments define a clipping box on the screen within which the " +"pad region is to be displayed." +msgstr "" +"面板类似于窗口，区别在于它不受屏幕大小的限制，并且不必与屏幕的特定部分相关联。 面板可以在需要使用大窗口时使用，并且每次只需将窗口的一部分放在屏幕上。 " +"面板不会发生自动刷新（例如由于滚动或输入回显）。 面板的 :meth:`~window.refresh` 和 " +":meth:`~window.noutrefresh` 方法需要 6 个参数来指定面板要显示的部分以及要用于显示的屏幕位置。 这些参数是 " +"*pminrow*, *pmincol*, *sminrow*, *smincol*, *smaxrow*, *smaxcol*；*p* " +"参数表示要显示的面板区域的左上角而 *s* 参数定义了要显示的面板区域在屏幕上的剪切框。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Return a new :ref:`window `, whose left-upper corner " +"is at ``(begin_y, begin_x)``, and whose height/width is *nlines*/*ncols*." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :ref:`窗口 `，其左上角位于 ``(begin_y, " +"begin_x)``，并且其高度/宽度为 *nlines*/*ncols*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:399 +msgid "" +"By default, the window will extend from the specified position to the lower" +" right corner of the screen." +msgstr "默认情况下，窗口将从指定位置扩展到屏幕的右下角。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Enter newline mode. This mode translates the return key into newline on " +"input, and translates newline into return and line-feed on output. Newline " +"mode is initially on." +msgstr "" +"进入 newline 模式。 此模式会在输入时将回车转换为换行符，并在输出时将换行符转换为回车加换行。 newline 模式会在初始时启用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:412 +msgid "Leave cbreak mode. Return to normal \"cooked\" mode with line buffering." +msgstr "退出 cbreak 模式。 返回具有行缓冲的正常 \"cooked\" 模式。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:417 +msgid "Leave echo mode. Echoing of input characters is turned off." +msgstr "退出 echo 模式。 关闭输入字符的回显。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Leave newline mode. Disable translation of return into newline on input, " +"and disable low-level translation of newline into newline/return on output " +"(but this does not change the behavior of ``addch('\\n')``, which always " +"does the equivalent of return and line feed on the virtual screen). With " +"translation off, curses can sometimes speed up vertical motion a little; " +"also, it will be able to detect the return key on input." +msgstr "" +"退出 newline 模式。 停止在输入时将回车转换为换行，并停止在输出时从换行到换行/回车的底层转换（但这不会改变 ``addch('\\n')`` " +"的行为，此行为总是在虚拟屏幕上执行相当于回车加换行的操作）。 当停止转换时，curses 有时能使纵向移动加快一些；并且，它将能够在输入时检测回车键。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:432 +msgid "" +"When the :func:`!noqiflush` routine is used, normal flush of input and " +"output queues associated with the ``INTR``, ``QUIT`` and ``SUSP`` characters" +" will not be done. You may want to call :func:`!noqiflush` in a signal " +"handler if you want output to continue as though the interrupt had not " +"occurred, after the handler exits." +msgstr "" +"当使用 :func:`!noqiflush` 例程时，与 ``INTR``, ``QUIT`` 和 ``SUSP`` " +"字符相关联的输入和输出队列的正常刷新将不会被执行。 如果你希望在处理程序退出后还能继续输出，就像没有发生过中断一样，你可能会想要在信号处理程序中调用 " +":func:`!noqiflush`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:440 +msgid "Leave raw mode. Return to normal \"cooked\" mode with line buffering." +msgstr "退出 raw 模式。 返回具有行缓冲的正常 \"cooked\" 模式。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:445 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple ``(fg, bg)`` containing the colors for the requested color " +"pair. The value of *pair_number* must be between ``0`` and ``COLOR_PAIRS - " +"1``." +msgstr "" +"返回包含对应于所请求颜色对的元组 ``(fg, bg)``。 *pair_number* 的值必须在 ``0`` 和 ``COLOR_PAIRS - " +"1`` 之间。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:451 +msgid "" +"Return the number of the color-pair set by the attribute value *attr*. " +":func:`color_pair` is the counterpart to this function." +msgstr "返回通过属性值 *attr* 所设置的颜色对的编号。 :func:`color_pair` 是此函数的对应操作。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:457 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``tputs(str, 1, putchar)``; emit the value of a specified " +"terminfo capability for the current terminal. Note that the output of " +":func:`putp` always goes to standard output." +msgstr "" +"等价于 ``tputs(str, 1, putchar)``；为当前终端发出指定 terminfo 功能的值。 请注意 :func:`putp` " +"的输出总是前往标准输出。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:464 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``False``, the effect is the same as calling :func:`noqiflush`." +" If *flag* is ``True``, or no argument is provided, the queues will be " +"flushed when these control characters are read." +msgstr "" +"如果 *flag* 为 ``False``，则效果与调用 :func:`noqiflush` 相同。 如果 *flag* 为 ``True`` " +"或未提供参数，则在读取这些控制字符时队列将被刷新。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:471 +msgid "" +"Enter raw mode. In raw mode, normal line buffering and processing of " +"interrupt, quit, suspend, and flow control keys are turned off; characters " +"are presented to curses input functions one by one." +msgstr "" +"进入 raw 模式。 在 raw 模式下，正常的行缓冲和对中断、退出、挂起和流程控制键的处理会被关闭；字符会被逐个地提交给 curses 输入函数。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Restore the terminal to \"program\" mode, as previously saved by " +":func:`def_prog_mode`." +msgstr "将终端恢复到 \"program\" 模式，如之前由 :func:`def_prog_mode` 所保存的一样。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:484 +msgid "" +"Restore the terminal to \"shell\" mode, as previously saved by " +":func:`def_shell_mode`." +msgstr "将终端恢复到 \"shell\" 模式，如之前由 :func:`def_shell_mode` 所保存的一样。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:490 +msgid "" +"Restore the state of the terminal modes to what it was at the last call to " +":func:`savetty`." +msgstr "将终端模式恢复到最后一次调用 :func:`savetty` 时的状态。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Backend function used by :func:`resizeterm`, performing most of the work; " +"when resizing the windows, :func:`resize_term` blank-fills the areas that " +"are extended. The calling application should fill in these areas with " +"appropriate data. The :func:`!resize_term` function attempts to resize all " +"windows. However, due to the calling convention of pads, it is not possible" +" to resize these without additional interaction with the application." +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`resizeterm` 用来执行大部分工作的后端函数；当调整窗口大小时，:func:`resize_term` 会以空白填充扩展区域。" +" 调用方应用程序应当以适当的数据填充这些区域。 :func:`!resize_term` 函数会尝试调整所有窗口的大小。 " +"但是，由于面板的调用约定，在不与应用程序进行额外交互的情况下是无法调整其大小的。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Resize the standard and current windows to the specified dimensions, and " +"adjusts other bookkeeping data used by the curses library that record the " +"window dimensions (in particular the SIGWINCH handler)." +msgstr "" +"将标准窗口和当前窗口的大小调整为指定的尺寸，并调整由 curses 库所使用的记录窗口尺寸的其他记录数据（特别是 SIGWINCH 处理程序）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Save the current state of the terminal modes in a buffer, usable by " +":func:`resetty`." +msgstr "将终端模式的当前状态保存在缓冲区中，可供 :func:`resetty` 使用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:518 +msgid "Retrieves the value set by :func:`set_escdelay`." +msgstr "提取通过 :func:`set_escdelay` 设置的值。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:524 +msgid "" +"Sets the number of milliseconds to wait after reading an escape character, " +"to distinguish between an individual escape character entered on the " +"keyboard from escape sequences sent by cursor and function keys." +msgstr "设置读取一个转义字符后要等待的毫秒数，以区分在键盘上输入的单个转义字符与通过光标和功能键发送的转义序列。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:532 +msgid "Retrieves the value set by :func:`set_tabsize`." +msgstr "提取通过 :func:`set_tabsize` 设置的值。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Sets the number of columns used by the curses library when converting a tab " +"character to spaces as it adds the tab to a window." +msgstr "设置 curses 库在将制表符添加到窗口时将制表符转换为空格所使用的列数。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Set the virtual screen cursor to *y*, *x*. If *y* and *x* are both ``-1``, " +"then :meth:`leaveok ` is set ``True``." +msgstr "" +"将虚拟屏幕光标设置到 *y*, *x*。 如果 *y* 和 *x* 均为 ``-1``，则 :meth:`leaveok " +"` 将设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:551 +msgid "" +"Initialize the terminal. *term* is a string giving the terminal name, or " +"``None``; if omitted or ``None``, the value of the :envvar:`TERM` " +"environment variable will be used. *fd* is the file descriptor to which any" +" initialization sequences will be sent; if not supplied or ``-1``, the file " +"descriptor for ``sys.stdout`` will be used." +msgstr "" +"初始化终端。 *term* 为给出终端名称的字符串或为 ``None``；如果省略或为 ``None``，则将使用 :envvar:`TERM` " +"环境变量的值。 *fd* 是任何初始化序列将被发送到的文件描述符；如未指定或为 ``-1``，则将使用 ``sys.stdout`` 的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:560 +msgid "" +"Must be called if the programmer wants to use colors, and before any other " +"color manipulation routine is called. It is good practice to call this " +"routine right after :func:`initscr`." +msgstr "" +"如果程序员想要使用颜色，则必须在任何其他颜色操作例程被调用之前调用它。 在 :func:`initscr` 之后立即调用此例程是一个很好的做法。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:564 +msgid "" +":func:`start_color` initializes eight basic colors (black, red, green, " +"yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white), and two global variables in the " +":mod:`curses` module, :const:`COLORS` and :const:`COLOR_PAIRS`, containing " +"the maximum number of colors and color-pairs the terminal can support. It " +"also restores the colors on the terminal to the values they had when the " +"terminal was just turned on." +msgstr "" +":func:`start_color` 会初始化八种基本颜色（黑、红、绿、黄、蓝、品、青和白）以及 :mod:`curses` 模块中的两个全局变量 " +":const:`COLORS` 和 :const:`COLOR_PAIRS`，其中包含终端可支持的颜色和颜色对的最大数量。 " +"它还会将终端中的颜色恢复为终端刚启动时的值。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:573 +msgid "" +"Return a logical OR of all video attributes supported by the terminal. This" +" information is useful when a curses program needs complete control over the" +" appearance of the screen." +msgstr "返回终端所支持的所有视频属性逻辑 OR 的值。 此信息适用于当 curses 程序需要对屏幕外观进行完全控制的情况。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:580 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the environment variable :envvar:`TERM`, as a bytes " +"object, truncated to 14 characters." +msgstr "将环境变量 :envvar:`TERM` 的值截短至 14 个字节，作为字节串对象返回。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:586 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the Boolean capability corresponding to the terminfo " +"capability name *capname* as an integer. Return the value ``-1`` if " +"*capname* is not a Boolean capability, or ``0`` if it is canceled or absent " +"from the terminal description." +msgstr "" +"将与 terminfo 功能名称 *capname* 相对应的布尔功能值以整数形式返回。 如果 *capname* 不是一个布尔功能则返回 " +"``-1``，如果其被取消或不存在于终端描述中则返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:594 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the numeric capability corresponding to the terminfo " +"capability name *capname* as an integer. Return the value ``-2`` if " +"*capname* is not a numeric capability, or ``-1`` if it is canceled or absent" +" from the terminal description." +msgstr "" +"将与 terminfo 功能名称 *capname* 相对应的数字功能值以整数形式返回。 如果 *capname* 不是一个数字功能则返回 " +"``-2``，如果其被取消或不存在于终端描述中则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:602 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the string capability corresponding to the terminfo " +"capability name *capname* as a bytes object. Return ``None`` if *capname* " +"is not a terminfo \"string capability\", or is canceled or absent from the " +"terminal description." +msgstr "" +"将与 terminfo 功能名称 *capname* 相对应的字符串功能值以字节串对象形式返回。 如果 *capname* 不是一个 terminfo " +"\"字符串功能\" 或者如果其被取消或不存在于终端描述中则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:610 +msgid "" +"Instantiate the bytes object *str* with the supplied parameters, where *str*" +" should be a parameterized string obtained from the terminfo database. E.g." +" ``tparm(tigetstr(\"cup\"), 5, 3)`` could result in ``b'\\033[6;4H'``, the " +"exact result depending on terminal type." +msgstr "" +"使用提供的形参初始化字节串对象 *str*，其中 *str* 应当是从 terminfo 数据库获取的参数化字符串。 例如 " +"``tparm(tigetstr(\"cup\"), 5, 3)`` 的结果可能为 ``b'\\033[6;4H'``，实际结果将取决于终端类型。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Specify that the file descriptor *fd* be used for typeahead checking. If " +"*fd* is ``-1``, then no typeahead checking is done." +msgstr "指定将被用于预输入检查的文件描述符 *fd*。 如果 *fd* 为 ``-1``，则不执行预输入检查。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:621 +msgid "" +"The curses library does \"line-breakout optimization\" by looking for " +"typeahead periodically while updating the screen. If input is found, and it" +" is coming from a tty, the current update is postponed until refresh or " +"doupdate is called again, allowing faster response to commands typed in " +"advance. This function allows specifying a different file descriptor for " +"typeahead checking." +msgstr "" +"curses 库会在更新屏幕时通过定期查找预输入来执行 \"断行优化\"。 如果找到了输入，并且输入是来自于 tty，则会将当前更新推迟至 " +"refresh 或 doupdate 再次被调用的时候，以便允许更快地响应预先输入的命令。 此函数允许为预输入检查指定其他的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes object which is a printable representation of the character " +"*ch*. Control characters are represented as a caret followed by the " +"character, for example as ``b'^C'``. Printing characters are left as they " +"are." +msgstr "" +"返回一个字节串对象作为字符 *ch* 的可打印表示形式。 控制字符会表示为一个变换符加相应的字符，例如 ``b'^C'``。 可打印字符则会保持原样。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:637 +msgid "Push *ch* so the next :meth:`~window.getch` will return it." +msgstr "推送 *ch* 以便让下一个 :meth:`~window.getch` 返回该字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:641 +msgid "Only one *ch* can be pushed before :meth:`!getch` is called." +msgstr "在 :meth:`!getch` 被调用之前只能推送一个 *ch*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:646 +msgid "" +"Update the :const:`LINES` and :const:`COLS` module variables. Useful for " +"detecting manual screen resize." +msgstr "更新 :const:`LINES` 和 :const:`COLS` 模块变量。 适用于检测手动调整屏幕大小。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:654 +msgid "Push *ch* so the next :meth:`~window.get_wch` will return it." +msgstr "推送 *ch* 以便让下一个 :meth:`~window.get_wch` 返回该字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:658 +msgid "Only one *ch* can be pushed before :meth:`!get_wch` is called." +msgstr "在 :meth:`!get_wch` 被调用之前只能推送一个 *ch*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:665 +msgid "" +"Push a :const:`KEY_MOUSE` event onto the input queue, associating the given " +"state data with it." +msgstr "将 :const:`KEY_MOUSE` 事件推送到输入队列，将其与给定的状态数据进行关联。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:671 +msgid "" +"If used, this function should be called before :func:`initscr` or newterm " +"are called. When *flag* is ``False``, the values of lines and columns " +"specified in the terminfo database will be used, even if environment " +"variables :envvar:`LINES` and :envvar:`COLUMNS` (used by default) are set, " +"or if curses is running in a window (in which case default behavior would be" +" to use the window size if :envvar:`LINES` and :envvar:`COLUMNS` are not " +"set)." +msgstr "" +"如果使用此函数，则应当在调用 :func:`initscr` 或 newterm 之前调用它。 当 *flag* 为 ``False`` 时，将会使用在" +" terminfo 数据库中指定的行和列的值，即使设置了环境变量 :envvar:`LINES` 和 :envvar:`COLUMNS` " +"(默认使用)，或者如果 curses 是在窗口中运行（在此情况下如果未设置 :envvar:`LINES` 和 :envvar:`COLUMNS` " +"则默认行为将是使用窗口大小）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:681 +msgid "" +"Allow use of default values for colors on terminals supporting this feature." +" Use this to support transparency in your application. The default color is" +" assigned to the color number ``-1``. After calling this function, " +"``init_pair(x, curses.COLOR_RED, -1)`` initializes, for instance, color pair" +" *x* to a red foreground color on the default background." +msgstr "" +"允许在支持此特性的终端上使用默认的颜色值。 使用此函数可在你的应用程序中支持透明效果。 默认颜色会被赋给颜色编号 ``-1``。 " +"举例来说，在调用此函数后，``init_pair(x, curses.COLOR_RED, -1)`` 会将颜色对 *x* " +"初始化为红色前景和默认颜色背景。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:690 +msgid "" +"Initialize curses and call another callable object, *func*, which should be " +"the rest of your curses-using application. If the application raises an " +"exception, this function will restore the terminal to a sane state before " +"re-raising the exception and generating a traceback. The callable object " +"*func* is then passed the main window 'stdscr' as its first argument, " +"followed by any other arguments passed to :func:`!wrapper`. Before calling " +"*func*, :func:`!wrapper` turns on cbreak mode, turns off echo, enables the " +"terminal keypad, and initializes colors if the terminal has color support. " +"On exit (whether normally or by exception) it restores cooked mode, turns on" +" echo, and disables the terminal keypad." +msgstr "" +"初始化 curses 并调用另一个可调用对象 *func*，该对象应当为你的使用 curses 的应用程序的其余部分。 " +"如果应用程序引发了异常，此函数将在重新引发异常并生成回溯信息之前将终端恢复到正常状态。 随后可调用对象 *func* 会被传入主窗口 'stdscr' " +"作为其第一个参数，再带上其他所有传给 :func:`!wrapper` 的参数。 在调用 *func* 之前，:func:`!wrapper` 会启用 " +"cbreak 模式，关闭回显，启用终端键盘，并在终端具有颜色支持的情况下初始化颜色。 在退出时（无论是正常退出还是异常退出）它会恢复 cooked " +"模式，打开回显，并禁用终端键盘。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:704 +msgid "Window Objects" +msgstr "Window 对象" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:706 +msgid "" +"Window objects, as returned by :func:`initscr` and :func:`newwin` above, " +"have the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr "Window 对象会由上面的 :func:`initscr` 和 :func:`newwin` 返回，它具有以下方法和属性:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:713 +msgid "" +"Paint character *ch* at ``(y, x)`` with attributes *attr*, overwriting any " +"character previously painted at that location. By default, the character " +"position and attributes are the current settings for the window object." +msgstr "" +"将带有属性 *attr* 的字符 *ch* 绘制到 ``(y, x)``，覆盖之前在该位置上绘制的任何字符。 " +"默认情况下，字符的位置和属性均为窗口对象的当前设置。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Writing outside the window, subwindow, or pad raises a :exc:`curses.error`. " +"Attempting to write to the lower right corner of a window, subwindow, or pad" +" will cause an exception to be raised after the character is printed." +msgstr "" +"在窗口、子窗口或面板之外写入会引发 :exc:`curses.error`。 尝试在窗口、子窗口或面板的右下角写入将在字符被打印之后导致异常被引发。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:727 +msgid "" +"Paint at most *n* characters of the character string *str* at ``(y, x)`` " +"with attributes *attr*, overwriting anything previously on the display." +msgstr "将带有属性 *attr* 的字符串 *str* 中的至多 *n* 个字符绘制到 ``(y, x)``，覆盖之前在屏幕上的任何内容。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:735 +msgid "" +"Paint the character string *str* at ``(y, x)`` with attributes *attr*, " +"overwriting anything previously on the display." +msgstr "将带有属性 *attr* 的字符串 *str* 绘制到 ``(y, x)``，覆盖之前在屏幕上的任何内容。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:740 +msgid "" +"Writing outside the window, subwindow, or pad raises :exc:`curses.error`. " +"Attempting to write to the lower right corner of a window, subwindow, or pad" +" will cause an exception to be raised after the string is printed." +msgstr "" +"在窗口、子窗口或面板之外写入会引发 :exc:`curses.error`。 尝试在窗口、子窗口或面板的右下角写入将在字符串被打印之后导致异常被引发。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:744 +msgid "" +"A `bug in ncurses `_, the backend for " +"this Python module, can cause SegFaults when resizing windows. This is fixed" +" in ncurses-6.1-20190511. If you are stuck with an earlier ncurses, you can" +" avoid triggering this if you do not call :func:`addstr` with a *str* that " +"has embedded newlines. Instead, call :func:`addstr` separately for each " +"line." +msgstr "" +"此 Python 模块的后端 `ncurses 中的一个缺陷 `_ " +"会在调整窗口大小时导致段错误。 此缺陷已在 ncurses-6.1-20190511 中被修复。 如果你必须使用较早版本的 " +"ncurses，则你只要在调用 :func:`addstr` 时不传入嵌入了换行符的 *str* 即可避免触发此错误。 请为每一行分别调用 " +":func:`addstr`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:754 +msgid "" +"Remove attribute *attr* from the \"background\" set applied to all writes to" +" the current window." +msgstr "从应用于写入到当前窗口的 \"background\" 集中移除属性 *attr*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:760 +msgid "" +"Add attribute *attr* from the \"background\" set applied to all writes to " +"the current window." +msgstr "向应用于写入到当前窗口的 \"background\" 集中添加属性 *attr*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:766 +msgid "" +"Set the \"background\" set of attributes to *attr*. This set is initially " +"``0`` (no attributes)." +msgstr "将 \"background\" 属性集设为 *attr*。 该集合初始时为 ``0`` (无属性)。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:772 +msgid "" +"Set the background property of the window to the character *ch*, with " +"attributes *attr*. The change is then applied to every character position " +"in that window:" +msgstr "将窗口 background 特征属性设为带有属性 *attr* 的字符 *ch*。 随后此修改将应用于放置到该窗口中的每个字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:776 +msgid "" +"The attribute of every character in the window is changed to the new " +"background attribute." +msgstr "窗口中每个字符的属性会被修改为新的 background 属性。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Wherever the former background character appears, it is changed to the new" +" background character." +msgstr "不论之前的 background 字符出现在哪里，它都会被修改为新的 background 字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:785 +msgid "" +"Set the window's background. A window's background consists of a character " +"and any combination of attributes. The attribute part of the background is " +"combined (OR'ed) with all non-blank characters that are written into the " +"window. Both the character and attribute parts of the background are " +"combined with the blank characters. The background becomes a property of " +"the character and moves with the character through any scrolling and " +"insert/delete line/character operations." +msgstr "" +"设置窗口的背景。 窗口的背景由字符和属性的任意组合构成。 背景的属性部分会与写入窗口的所有非空白字符合并（即 OR 运算）。 " +"背景和字符和属性部分均会与空白字符合并。 背景将成为字符的特征属性并在任何滚动与插入/删除行/字符操作中与字符一起移动。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:795 +msgid "" +"Draw a border around the edges of the window. Each parameter specifies the " +"character to use for a specific part of the border; see the table below for " +"more details." +msgstr "在窗口边缘绘制边框。每个参数指定用于边界特定部分的字符;请参阅下表了解更多详情。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:801 +msgid "" +"A ``0`` value for any parameter will cause the default character to be used " +"for that parameter. Keyword parameters can *not* be used. The defaults are" +" listed in this table:" +msgstr "任何形参的值为 ``0`` 都将导致该形参使用默认字符。 关键字形参 *不可* 被使用。 默认字符在下表中列出:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:806 +msgid "Parameter" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:806 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:806 +msgid "Default value" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:808 +msgid "*ls*" +msgstr "*ls*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:808 +msgid "Left side" +msgstr "左侧" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:808 ../../library/curses.rst:810 +msgid ":const:`ACS_VLINE`" +msgstr ":const:`ACS_VLINE`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:810 +msgid "*rs*" +msgstr "*rs*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:810 +msgid "Right side" +msgstr "右侧" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:812 +msgid "*ts*" +msgstr "*ts*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:812 +msgid "Top" +msgstr "顶部" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:812 ../../library/curses.rst:814 +msgid ":const:`ACS_HLINE`" +msgstr ":const:`ACS_HLINE`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:814 +msgid "*bs*" +msgstr "*bs*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:814 +msgid "Bottom" +msgstr "底部" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:816 +msgid "*tl*" +msgstr "*tl*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:816 +msgid "Upper-left corner" +msgstr "左上角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:816 +msgid ":const:`ACS_ULCORNER`" +msgstr ":const:`ACS_ULCORNER`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:818 +msgid "*tr*" +msgstr "*tr*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:818 +msgid "Upper-right corner" +msgstr "右上角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:818 +msgid ":const:`ACS_URCORNER`" +msgstr ":const:`ACS_URCORNER`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:820 +msgid "*bl*" +msgstr "*bl*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:820 +msgid "Bottom-left corner" +msgstr "左下角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:820 +msgid ":const:`ACS_LLCORNER`" +msgstr ":const:`ACS_LLCORNER`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:822 +msgid "*br*" +msgstr "*br*" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:822 +msgid "Bottom-right corner" +msgstr "右下角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:822 +msgid ":const:`ACS_LRCORNER`" +msgstr ":const:`ACS_LRCORNER`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:828 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`border`, but both *ls* and *rs* are *vertch* and both *ts*" +" and *bs* are *horch*. The default corner characters are always used by " +"this function." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`border`，但 *ls* 和 *rs* 均为 *vertch* 而 *ts* 和 *bs* 均为 *horch*。 " +"此函数总是会使用默认的转角字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:837 +msgid "" +"Set the attributes of *num* characters at the current cursor position, or at" +" position ``(y, x)`` if supplied. If *num* is not given or is ``-1``, the " +"attribute will be set on all the characters to the end of the line. This " +"function moves cursor to position ``(y, x)`` if supplied. The changed line " +"will be touched using the :meth:`touchline` method so that the contents will" +" be redisplayed by the next window refresh." +msgstr "" +"在当前光标位置或是在所提供的位置 ``(y, x)`` 设置 *num* 个字符的属性。 如果 *num* 未给出或为 " +"``-1``，则将属性设置到所有字符上直至行尾。 如果提供了位置 ``(y, x)`` 则此函数会将光标移至该位置。 修改过的行将使用 " +":meth:`touchline` 方法处理以便下次窗口刷新时内容会重新显示。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:847 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`erase`, but also cause the whole window to be repainted upon " +"next call to :meth:`refresh`." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`erase`，但还会导致在下次调用 :meth:`refresh` 时整个窗口被重新绘制。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:853 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``True``, the next call to :meth:`refresh` will clear the " +"window completely." +msgstr "如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，则在下次调用 :meth:`refresh` 时将完全清除窗口。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:859 +msgid "" +"Erase from cursor to the end of the window: all lines below the cursor are " +"deleted, and then the equivalent of :meth:`clrtoeol` is performed." +msgstr "从光标位置开始擦除直至窗口末端：光标以下的所有行都会被删除，然后会执行 :meth:`clrtoeol` 的等效操作。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:865 +msgid "Erase from cursor to the end of the line." +msgstr "从光标位置开始擦除直至行尾。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:870 +msgid "" +"Update the current cursor position of all the ancestors of the window to " +"reflect the current cursor position of the window." +msgstr "更新窗口所有上级窗口的当前光标位置以反映窗口的当前光标位置。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:876 +msgid "Delete any character at ``(y, x)``." +msgstr "删除位于 ``(y, x)`` 的任何字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:881 +msgid "" +"Delete the line under the cursor. All following lines are moved up by one " +"line." +msgstr "删除在光标之下的行。 所有后续的行都会上移一行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:887 +msgid "" +"An abbreviation for \"derive window\", :meth:`derwin` is the same as calling" +" :meth:`subwin`, except that *begin_y* and *begin_x* are relative to the " +"origin of the window, rather than relative to the entire screen. Return a " +"window object for the derived window." +msgstr "" +"\"derive window\" 的缩写，:meth:`derwin` 与调用 :meth:`subwin` 等效，不同之处在于 *begin_y* " +"和 *begin_x* 是想对于窗口的初始位置，而不是相对于整个屏幕。 返回代表所派生窗口的窗口对象。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:895 +msgid "" +"Add character *ch* with attribute *attr*, and immediately call " +":meth:`refresh` on the window." +msgstr "使用属性 *attr* 添加字符 *ch*，并立即在窗口上调用 :meth:`refresh`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:901 +msgid "" +"Test whether the given pair of screen-relative character-cell coordinates " +"are enclosed by the given window, returning ``True`` or ``False``. It is " +"useful for determining what subset of the screen windows enclose the " +"location of a mouse event." +msgstr "" +"检测给定的相对屏幕的字符-单元格坐标是否被给定的窗口所包围，返回 ``True`` 或 ``False``。 " +"它适用于确定是哪个屏幕窗口子集包围着某个鼠标事件的位置。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:906 +msgid "" +"Previously it returned ``1`` or ``0`` instead of ``True`` or ``False``." +msgstr "在之前版本中它会返回 ``1`` 或 ``0`` 而不是 ``True`` 或 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:912 +msgid "" +"Encoding used to encode method arguments (Unicode strings and characters). " +"The encoding attribute is inherited from the parent window when a subwindow " +"is created, for example with :meth:`window.subwin`. By default, current " +"locale encoding is used (see :func:`locale.getencoding`)." +msgstr "" +"用于编码方法参数（Unicode 字符串和字符）的编码格式。 encoding 属性是在创建子窗口时从父窗口继承的，例如通过 " +":meth:`window.subwin`。 在默认情况下，会使用当前语言区域的编码格式（参见 :func:`locale.getencoding` " +"文档）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:922 +msgid "Clear the window." +msgstr "清空窗口。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:927 +msgid "Return a tuple ``(y, x)`` of coordinates of upper-left corner." +msgstr "返回以左上角为原点的坐标元组 ``(y, x)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:932 +msgid "Return the given window's current background character/attribute pair." +msgstr "返回给定窗口的当前背景字符/属性对。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:937 +msgid "" +"Get a character. Note that the integer returned does *not* have to be in " +"ASCII range: function keys, keypad keys and so on are represented by numbers" +" higher than 255. In no-delay mode, return ``-1`` if there is no input, " +"otherwise wait until a key is pressed." +msgstr "" +"获取一个字符。 请注意所返回的整数 *不一定* 要在 ASCII 范围以内：功能键、小键盘键等等是由大于 255 的数字表示的。 " +"在无延迟模式下，如果没有输入则返回 ``-1``，在其他情况下都会等待直至有键被按下。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:945 +msgid "" +"Get a wide character. Return a character for most keys, or an integer for " +"function keys, keypad keys, and other special keys. In no-delay mode, raise " +"an exception if there is no input." +msgstr "" +"获取一个宽字符。 对于大多数键都是返回一个字符，对于功能键、小键盘键和其他特殊键则是返回一个整数。 在无延迟模式下，如果没有输入则引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:954 +msgid "" +"Get a character, returning a string instead of an integer, as :meth:`getch` " +"does. Function keys, keypad keys and other special keys return a multibyte " +"string containing the key name. In no-delay mode, raise an exception if " +"there is no input." +msgstr "" +"获取一个字符，返回一个字符串而不是像 :meth:`getch` 那样返回一个整数。 功能键、小键盘键和其他特殊键则是返回一个包含键名的多字节字符串。 " +"在无延迟模式下，如果没有输入则引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:962 +msgid "Return a tuple ``(y, x)`` of the height and width of the window." +msgstr "返回窗口高度和宽度的元组 ``(y, x)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:967 +msgid "" +"Return the beginning coordinates of this window relative to its parent " +"window as a tuple ``(y, x)``. Return ``(-1, -1)`` if this window has no " +"parent." +msgstr "将此窗口相对于父窗口的起始坐标作为元组 ``(y, x)`` 返回。 如果此窗口没有父窗口则返回 ``(-1, -1)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:977 +msgid "" +"Read a bytes object from the user, with primitive line editing capacity." +msgstr "从用户读取一个字节串对象，附带基本的行编辑功能。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:982 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple ``(y, x)`` of current cursor position relative to the " +"window's upper-left corner." +msgstr "返回当前光标相对于窗口左上角的位置的元组 ``(y, x)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Display a horizontal line starting at ``(y, x)`` with length *n* consisting " +"of the character *ch*." +msgstr "显示一条起始于 ``(y, x)`` 长度为 *n* 个字符 *ch* 的水平线。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:995 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``False``, curses no longer considers using the hardware " +"insert/delete character feature of the terminal; if *flag* is ``True``, use " +"of character insertion and deletion is enabled. When curses is first " +"initialized, use of character insert/delete is enabled by default." +msgstr "" +"如果 *flag* 为 ``False``，curses 将不再考虑使用终端的硬件插入/删除字符功能；如果 *flag* 为 " +"``True``，则会启用字符插入和删除。 当 curses 首次初始化时，默认会启用字符插入/删除。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``True``, :mod:`curses` will try and use hardware line editing " +"facilities. Otherwise, line insertion/deletion are disabled." +msgstr "如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，:mod:`curses` 将尝试使用硬件行编辑功能。 否则，行插入/删除会被禁用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``True``, any change in the window image automatically causes " +"the window to be refreshed; you no longer have to call :meth:`refresh` " +"yourself. However, it may degrade performance considerably, due to repeated " +"calls to wrefresh. This option is disabled by default." +msgstr "" +"如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，窗口图像中的任何改变都会自动导致窗口被刷新；你不必再自己调用 :meth:`refresh`。 " +"但是，这可能会由于重复调用 wrefresh 而显著降低性能。 此选项默认被禁用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"Return the character at the given position in the window. The bottom 8 bits " +"are the character proper, and upper bits are the attributes." +msgstr "返回窗口中给定位置上的字符。 下面的 8 个比特位是字符本身，上面的比特位则为属性。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"Paint character *ch* at ``(y, x)`` with attributes *attr*, moving the line " +"from position *x* right by one character." +msgstr "将带有属性 *attr* 的字符 *ch* 绘制到 ``(y, x)``，将该行从位置 *x* 开始右移一个字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"Insert *nlines* lines into the specified window above the current line. The" +" *nlines* bottom lines are lost. For negative *nlines*, delete *nlines* " +"lines starting with the one under the cursor, and move the remaining lines " +"up. The bottom *nlines* lines are cleared. The current cursor position " +"remains the same." +msgstr "" +"在指定窗口的当前行上方插入 *nlines* 行。 下面的 *nlines* 行将丢失。 对于 *nlines* 为负值的情况，则从光标下方的行开始删除" +" *nlines* 行，并将其余的行向上移动。 下面的 *nlines* 行会被清空。 当前光标位置将保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"Insert a blank line under the cursor. All following lines are moved down by " +"one line." +msgstr "在光标下方插入一个空行。 所有后续的行都会下移一行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"Insert a character string (as many characters as will fit on the line) " +"before the character under the cursor, up to *n* characters. If *n* is " +"zero or negative, the entire string is inserted. All characters to the right" +" of the cursor are shifted right, with the rightmost characters on the line " +"being lost. The cursor position does not change (after moving to *y*, *x*, " +"if specified)." +msgstr "" +"在光标下方的字符之前插入一个至多为 *n* 个字符的字符串（字符数量将与该行相匹配）。 如果 *n* 为零或负数，则插入整个字符串。 " +"光标右边的所有字符将被右移，该行右端的字符将丢失。 光标位置将保持不变（在移到可能指定的 *y*, *x* 之后）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"Insert a character string (as many characters as will fit on the line) " +"before the character under the cursor. All characters to the right of the " +"cursor are shifted right, with the rightmost characters on the line being " +"lost. The cursor position does not change (after moving to *y*, *x*, if " +"specified)." +msgstr "" +"在光标下方的字符之前插入一个字符串（字符数量将与该行相匹配）。 光标右边的所有字符将被右移，该行右端的字符将丢失。 光标位置将保持不变（在移到可能指定的" +" *y*, *x* 之后）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes object of characters, extracted from the window starting at " +"the current cursor position, or at *y*, *x* if specified. Attributes are " +"stripped from the characters. If *n* is specified, :meth:`instr` returns a " +"string at most *n* characters long (exclusive of the trailing NUL)." +msgstr "" +"返回从窗口的当前光标位置，或者指定的 *y*, *x* 开始提取的字符所对应的字节串对象。 属性会从字符中去除。 如果指定了 " +"*n*，:meth:`instr` 将返回长度至多为 *n* 个字符的字符串（不包括末尾的 NUL）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the specified line was modified since the last call to " +":meth:`refresh`; otherwise return ``False``. Raise a :exc:`curses.error` " +"exception if *line* is not valid for the given window." +msgstr "" +"如果指定的行自上次调用 :meth:`refresh` 后发生了改变则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。 如果 *line* " +"对于给定的窗口不可用则会引发 :exc:`curses.error` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the specified window was modified since the last call to " +":meth:`refresh`; otherwise return ``False``." +msgstr "如果指定的窗口自上次调用 :meth:`refresh` 后发生了改变则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``True``, escape sequences generated by some keys (keypad, " +"function keys) will be interpreted by :mod:`curses`. If *flag* is ``False``," +" escape sequences will be left as is in the input stream." +msgstr "" +"如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，则某些键（小键盘键、功能键等）生成的转义序列将由 :mod:`curses` 来解析。 如果 *flag* 为" +" ``False``，转义序列将保持在输入流中的原样。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``True``, cursor is left where it is on update, instead of " +"being at \"cursor position.\" This reduces cursor movement where possible. " +"If possible the cursor will be made invisible." +msgstr "" +"如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，则在更新时光标将停留在原地，而不是在“光标位置”。 这将可以减少光标的移动。 在可能的情况下光标将变为不可见。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``False``, cursor will always be at \"cursor position\" after " +"an update." +msgstr "如果 *flag* 为 ``False``，光标在更新后将总是位于“光标位置”。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1102 +msgid "Move cursor to ``(new_y, new_x)``." +msgstr "将光标移至 ``(new_y, new_x)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Move the window inside its parent window. The screen-relative parameters of" +" the window are not changed. This routine is used to display different " +"parts of the parent window at the same physical position on the screen." +msgstr "让窗口在其父窗口内移动。 窗口相对于屏幕的参数不会被更改。 此例程用于在屏幕的相同物理位置显示父窗口的不同部分。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1114 +msgid "Move the window so its upper-left corner is at ``(new_y, new_x)``." +msgstr "移动窗口以使其左上角位于 ``(new_y, new_x)``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1119 +msgid "If *flag* is ``True``, :meth:`getch` will be non-blocking." +msgstr "如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，则 :meth:`getch` 将为非阻塞的。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1124 +msgid "If *flag* is ``True``, escape sequences will not be timed out." +msgstr "如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，则转义序列将不会发生超时。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``False``, after a few milliseconds, an escape sequence will " +"not be interpreted, and will be left in the input stream as is." +msgstr "如果 *flag* 为 ``False``，则在几毫秒之后，转义序列将不会被解析，并将保持在输入流中的原样。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"Mark for refresh but wait. This function updates the data structure " +"representing the desired state of the window, but does not force an update " +"of the physical screen. To accomplish that, call :func:`doupdate`." +msgstr "" +"标记为刷新但保持等待。 此函数会更新代表预期窗口状态的数据结构，但并不强制更新物理屏幕。 要完成后者，请调用 :func:`doupdate`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"Overlay the window on top of *destwin*. The windows need not be the same " +"size, only the overlapping region is copied. This copy is non-destructive, " +"which means that the current background character does not overwrite the old" +" contents of *destwin*." +msgstr "" +"将窗口覆盖在 *destwin* 上方。 窗口的大小不必相同，只有重叠的区域会被复制。 此复制是非破坏性的，这意味着当前背景字符不会覆盖掉 " +"*destwin* 的旧内容。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"To get fine-grained control over the copied region, the second form of " +":meth:`overlay` can be used. *sminrow* and *smincol* are the upper-left " +"coordinates of the source window, and the other variables mark a rectangle " +"in the destination window." +msgstr "" +"为了获得对被复制区域的细粒度控制，可以使用 :meth:`overlay` 的第二种形式。 *sminrow* 和 *smincol* " +"是源窗口的左上角坐标，而其他变量则在目标窗口中标记出一个矩形。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1152 +msgid "" +"Overwrite the window on top of *destwin*. The windows need not be the same " +"size, in which case only the overlapping region is copied. This copy is " +"destructive, which means that the current background character overwrites " +"the old contents of *destwin*." +msgstr "" +"将窗口覆盖在 *destwin* 上方。 窗口的大小不必相同，此时只有重叠的区域会被复制。 此复制是破坏性的，这意味着当前背景字符会覆盖掉 " +"*destwin* 的旧内容。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1157 +msgid "" +"To get fine-grained control over the copied region, the second form of " +":meth:`overwrite` can be used. *sminrow* and *smincol* are the upper-left " +"coordinates of the source window, the other variables mark a rectangle in " +"the destination window." +msgstr "" +"为了获得对被复制区域的细粒度控制，可以使用 :meth:`overwrite` 的第二种形式。 *sminrow* 和 *smincol* " +"是源窗口的左上角坐标，而其他变量则在目标窗口中标记出一个矩形。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"Write all data associated with the window into the provided file object. " +"This information can be later retrieved using the :func:`getwin` function." +msgstr "将关联到窗口的所有数据写入到所提供的文件对象。 此信息可在以后使用 :func:`getwin` 函数来提取。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"Indicate that the *num* screen lines, starting at line *beg*, are corrupted " +"and should be completely redrawn on the next :meth:`refresh` call." +msgstr "指明从 *beg* 行开始的 *num* 个屏幕行已被破坏并且应当在下次 :meth:`refresh` 调用时完全重绘。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"Touch the entire window, causing it to be completely redrawn on the next " +":meth:`refresh` call." +msgstr "触碰整个窗口，以使其在下次 :meth:`refresh` 调用时完全重绘。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"Update the display immediately (sync actual screen with previous " +"drawing/deleting methods)." +msgstr "立即更新显示（将实际屏幕与之前的绘制/删除方法进行同步）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"The 6 optional arguments can only be specified when the window is a pad " +"created with :func:`newpad`. The additional parameters are needed to " +"indicate what part of the pad and screen are involved. *pminrow* and " +"*pmincol* specify the upper left-hand corner of the rectangle to be " +"displayed in the pad. *sminrow*, *smincol*, *smaxrow*, and *smaxcol* " +"specify the edges of the rectangle to be displayed on the screen. The lower" +" right-hand corner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad is calculated" +" from the screen coordinates, since the rectangles must be the same size. " +"Both rectangles must be entirely contained within their respective " +"structures. Negative values of *pminrow*, *pmincol*, *sminrow*, or " +"*smincol* are treated as if they were zero." +msgstr "" +"6 个可选参数仅在窗口为使用 :func:`newpad` 创建的面板时可被指定。 需要额外的形参来指定所涉及到的是面板和屏幕的哪一部分。 " +"*pminrow* 和 *pmincol* 指定要在面板中显示的矩形的左上角。 *sminrow*, *smincol*, *smaxrow* 和 " +"*smaxcol* 指定要在屏幕中显示的矩形的边。 要在面板中显示的矩形的右下角是根据屏幕坐标计算出来的，由于矩形的大小必须相同。 " +"两个矩形都必须完全包含在其各自的结构之内。 负的 *pminrow*, *pmincol*, *sminrow* 或 *smincol* " +"值会被视为将它们设为零值。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1200 +msgid "" +"Reallocate storage for a curses window to adjust its dimensions to the " +"specified values. If either dimension is larger than the current values, " +"the window's data is filled with blanks that have the current background " +"rendition (as set by :meth:`bkgdset`) merged into them." +msgstr "" +"为 curses 窗口重新分配存储空间以将其尺寸调整为指定的值。 如果任一维度的尺寸大于当前值，则窗口的数据将以具有合并了当前背景渲染（由 " +":meth:`bkgdset` 设置）的空白来填充。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1208 +msgid "Scroll the screen or scrolling region upward by *lines* lines." +msgstr "将屏幕或滚动区域向上滚动 *lines* 行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"Control what happens when the cursor of a window is moved off the edge of " +"the window or scrolling region, either as a result of a newline action on " +"the bottom line, or typing the last character of the last line. If *flag* " +"is ``False``, the cursor is left on the bottom line. If *flag* is ``True``," +" the window is scrolled up one line. Note that in order to get the physical" +" scrolling effect on the terminal, it is also necessary to call " +":meth:`idlok`." +msgstr "" +"控制当一个窗口的光标移出窗口或滚动区域边缘时会发生什么，这可能是在底端行执行换行操作，或者在最后一行输入最后一个字符导致的结果。 如果 *flag* 为" +" ``False``，光标会留在底端行。 如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，窗口会向上滚动一行。 " +"请注意为了在终端上获得实际的滚动效果，还需要调用 :meth:`idlok`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"Set the scrolling region from line *top* to line *bottom*. All scrolling " +"actions will take place in this region." +msgstr "设置从 *top* 行至 *bottom* 行的滚动区域。 所有滚动操作将在此区域中进行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"Turn off the standout attribute. On some terminals this has the side effect" +" of turning off all attributes." +msgstr "关闭 standout 属性。 在某些终端上此操作会有关闭所有属性的副作用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1235 +msgid "Turn on attribute *A_STANDOUT*." +msgstr "启用属性 *A_STANDOUT*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1241 ../../library/curses.rst:1248 +msgid "" +"Return a sub-window, whose upper-left corner is at ``(begin_y, begin_x)``, " +"and whose width/height is *ncols*/*nlines*." +msgstr "返回一个子窗口，其左上角位于 ``(begin_y, begin_x)``，并且其宽度/高度为 *ncols*/*nlines*。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"By default, the sub-window will extend from the specified position to the " +"lower right corner of the window." +msgstr "默认情况下，子窗口将从指定位置扩展到窗口的右下角。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"Touch each location in the window that has been touched in any of its " +"ancestor windows. This routine is called by :meth:`refresh`, so it should " +"almost never be necessary to call it manually." +msgstr "触碰已在上级窗口上被触碰的每个位置。 此例程由 :meth:`refresh` 调用，因此几乎从不需要手动调用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1264 +msgid "" +"If *flag* is ``True``, then :meth:`syncup` is called automatically whenever " +"there is a change in the window." +msgstr "如果 *flag* 为 ``True``，则 :meth:`syncup` 会在窗口发生改变的任何时候自动被调用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"Touch all locations in ancestors of the window that have been changed in " +"the window." +msgstr "触碰已在窗口中被改变的此窗口的各个上级窗口中的所有位置。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1276 +msgid "" +"Set blocking or non-blocking read behavior for the window. If *delay* is " +"negative, blocking read is used (which will wait indefinitely for input). " +"If *delay* is zero, then non-blocking read is used, and :meth:`getch` will " +"return ``-1`` if no input is waiting. If *delay* is positive, then " +":meth:`getch` will block for *delay* milliseconds, and return ``-1`` if " +"there is still no input at the end of that time." +msgstr "" +"为窗口设置阻塞或非阻塞读取行为。 如果 *delay* 为负值，则会使用阻塞读取（这将无限期地等待输入）。 如果 *delay* " +"为零，则会使用非阻塞读取，并且当没有输入在等待时 :meth:`getch` 将返回 ``-1``。 如果 *delay* 为正值，则 " +":meth:`getch` 将阻塞 *delay* 毫秒，并且当此延时结束时仍无输入将返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"Pretend *count* lines have been changed, starting with line *start*. If " +"*changed* is supplied, it specifies whether the affected lines are marked as" +" having been changed (*changed*\\ ``=True``) or unchanged (*changed*\\ " +"``=False``)." +msgstr "" +"假定从行 *start* 开始的 *count* 行已被更改。 如果提供了 *changed*，它将指明是将受影响的行标记为已更改 " +"(*changed*\\ ``=True``) 还是未更改 (*changed*\\ ``=False``)。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1293 +msgid "" +"Pretend the whole window has been changed, for purposes of drawing " +"optimizations." +msgstr "假定整个窗口已被更改，其目的是用于绘制优化。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1299 +msgid "" +"Mark all lines in the window as unchanged since the last call to " +":meth:`refresh`." +msgstr "将自上次调用 :meth:`refresh` 以来窗口中的所有行标记为未改变。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"Display a vertical line starting at ``(y, x)`` with length *n* consisting of" +" the character *ch* with attributes *attr*." +msgstr "显示一行起始于 ``(y, x)`` 长度为 *n* 的由具有属性 *attr* 的字符 *ch* 组成的垂直线。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1311 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1313 +msgid "The :mod:`curses` module defines the following data members:" +msgstr ":mod:`curses` 模块定义了以下数据成员:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"Some curses routines that return an integer, such as " +":meth:`~window.getch`, return :const:`ERR` upon failure." +msgstr "一些返回整数的 curses 例程，例如 :meth:`~window.getch`，在失败时将返回 :const:`ERR`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1324 +msgid "" +"Some curses routines that return an integer, such as :func:`napms`, " +"return :const:`OK` upon success." +msgstr "一些返回整数的 curses 例程，例如 :func:`napms`，在成功时将返回 :const:`OK`。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1331 +msgid "A bytes object representing the current version of the module." +msgstr "一个代表模块当前版本的字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"A named tuple containing the three components of the ncurses library " +"version: *major*, *minor*, and *patch*. All values are integers. The " +"components can also be accessed by name, so ``curses.ncurses_version[0]`` " +"is equivalent to ``curses.ncurses_version.major`` and so on." +msgstr "" +"一个具名元组，它包含构成 ncurses 库版本号的三个数字: *major*, *minor* 和 *patch*。 三个值均为整数。 " +"三个值也可通过名称来访问，因此 ``curses.ncurses_version[0]`` 等价于 " +"``curses.ncurses_version.major``，依此类推。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1341 +msgid "Availability: if the ncurses library is used." +msgstr "可用性：如果使用了 ncurses 库。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"The maximum number of colors the terminal can support. It is defined only " +"after the call to :func:`start_color`." +msgstr "终端可支持的最大颜色数。 它只有在调用 :func:`start_color` 之后才会被定义。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"The maximum number of color pairs the terminal can support. It is defined " +"only after the call to :func:`start_color`." +msgstr "终端可支持的最大颜色对数。 它只有在调用 :func:`start_color` 之后才会被定义。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1357 +msgid "" +"The width of the screen, i.e., the number of columns. It is defined only " +"after the call to :func:`initscr`. Updated by :func:`update_lines_cols`, " +":func:`resizeterm` and :func:`resize_term`." +msgstr "" +"屏幕的宽度，即列数。 它只有在调用 :func:`initscr` 之后才会被定义。 可被 " +":func:`update_lines_cols`、:func:`resizeterm` 和 :func:`resize_term` 更新。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1364 +msgid "" +"The height of the screen, i.e., the number of lines. It is defined only " +"after the call to :func:`initscr`. Updated by :func:`update_lines_cols`, " +":func:`resizeterm` and :func:`resize_term`." +msgstr "" +"屏幕的高度，即行数。 它只有在调用 :func:`initscr` 之后才会被定义。 可被 " +":func:`update_lines_cols`、:func:`resizeterm` 和 :func:`resize_term` 更新。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"Some constants are available to specify character cell attributes. The exact" +" constants available are system dependent." +msgstr "有些常量可用于指定字符单元属性。 实际可用的常量取决于具体的系统。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1374 +msgid "Attribute" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1374 ../../library/curses.rst:1419 +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1665 ../../library/curses.rst:1757 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1376 +msgid "Alternate character set mode" +msgstr "备用字符集模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1378 +msgid "Blink mode" +msgstr "闪烁模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1380 +msgid "Bold mode" +msgstr "粗体模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1382 +msgid "Dim mode" +msgstr "暗淡模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1384 +msgid "Invisible or blank mode" +msgstr "不可见或空白模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1386 +msgid "Italic mode" +msgstr "斜体模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1388 +msgid "Normal attribute" +msgstr "正常属性" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1390 +msgid "Protected mode" +msgstr "保护模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1392 +msgid "Reverse background and foreground colors" +msgstr "反转背景色和前景色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1395 +msgid "Standout mode" +msgstr "突出模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1397 +msgid "Underline mode" +msgstr "下划线模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1399 +msgid "Horizontal highlight" +msgstr "水平突出显示" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1401 +msgid "Left highlight" +msgstr "左高亮" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1403 +msgid "Low highlight" +msgstr "底部高亮" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1405 +msgid "Right highlight" +msgstr "右高亮" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1407 +msgid "Top highlight" +msgstr "顶部高亮" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1409 +msgid "Vertical highlight" +msgstr "垂直突出显示" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1412 +msgid "``A_ITALIC`` was added." +msgstr "``A_ITALIC`` was added." + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1415 +msgid "" +"Several constants are available to extract corresponding attributes returned" +" by some methods." +msgstr "有几个常量可用于提取某些方法返回的相应属性。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1419 +msgid "Bit-mask" +msgstr "位掩码" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1421 +msgid "Bit-mask to extract attributes" +msgstr "用于提取属性的位掩码" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1424 +msgid "Bit-mask to extract a character" +msgstr "用于提取字符的位掩码" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1427 +msgid "Bit-mask to extract color-pair field information" +msgstr "用于提取颜色对字段信息的位掩码" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"Keys are referred to by integer constants with names starting with " +"``KEY_``. The exact keycaps available are system dependent." +msgstr "键由名称以 ``KEY_`` 开头的整数常量引用。确切的可用键取决于系统。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1437 +msgid "Key constant" +msgstr "关键常数" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1437 +msgid "Key" +msgstr "键" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1439 +msgid "Minimum key value" +msgstr "最小键值" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1441 +msgid "Break key (unreliable)" +msgstr "中断键（不可靠）" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1443 +msgid "Down-arrow" +msgstr "向下箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1445 +msgid "Up-arrow" +msgstr "向上箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1447 +msgid "Left-arrow" +msgstr "向左箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1449 +msgid "Right-arrow" +msgstr "向右箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1451 +msgid "Home key (upward+left arrow)" +msgstr "Home 键 (上+左箭头)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1453 +msgid "Backspace (unreliable)" +msgstr "退格（不可靠）" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1455 +msgid "Function keys. Up to 64 function keys are supported." +msgstr "功能键。 支持至多 64 个功能键。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1458 +msgid "Value of function key *n*" +msgstr "功能键 *n* 的值" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1460 +msgid "Delete line" +msgstr "删除行" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1462 +msgid "Insert line" +msgstr "插入行" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1464 +msgid "Delete character" +msgstr "删除字符" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1466 +msgid "Insert char or enter insert mode" +msgstr "插入字符或进入插入模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1468 +msgid "Exit insert char mode" +msgstr "退出插入字符模式" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1470 +msgid "Clear screen" +msgstr "清空屏幕" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1472 +msgid "Clear to end of screen" +msgstr "清空至屏幕底部" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1474 +msgid "Clear to end of line" +msgstr "清空至行尾" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1476 +msgid "Scroll 1 line forward" +msgstr "向前滚动 1 行" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1478 +msgid "Scroll 1 line backward (reverse)" +msgstr "向后滚动 1 行 (反转)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1480 +msgid "Next page" +msgstr "下一页" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1482 +msgid "Previous page" +msgstr "上一页" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1484 +msgid "Set tab" +msgstr "设置制表符" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1486 +msgid "Clear tab" +msgstr "清除制表符" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1488 +msgid "Clear all tabs" +msgstr "清除所有制表符" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1490 +msgid "Enter or send (unreliable)" +msgstr "回车或发送 (不可靠)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1492 +msgid "Soft (partial) reset (unreliable)" +msgstr "软 (部分) 重置 (不可靠)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1494 +msgid "Reset or hard reset (unreliable)" +msgstr "重置或硬重置 (不可靠)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1496 +msgid "Print" +msgstr "打印" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1498 +msgid "Home down or bottom (lower left)" +msgstr "Home 向下或到底 (左下)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1500 +msgid "Upper left of keypad" +msgstr "键盘的左上角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1502 +msgid "Upper right of keypad" +msgstr "键盘的右上角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1504 +msgid "Center of keypad" +msgstr "键盘的中心" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1506 +msgid "Lower left of keypad" +msgstr "键盘左下方" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1508 +msgid "Lower right of keypad" +msgstr "键盘右下方" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1510 +msgid "Back tab" +msgstr "回退制表符" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1512 +msgid "Beg (beginning)" +msgstr "Beg (开始)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1514 +msgid "Cancel" +msgstr "取消" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1516 +msgid "Close" +msgstr "关闭" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1518 +msgid "Cmd (command)" +msgstr "Cmd (命令行)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1520 +msgid "Copy" +msgstr "复制" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1522 +msgid "Create" +msgstr "创建" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1524 +msgid "End" +msgstr "End" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1526 +msgid "Exit" +msgstr "退出" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1528 +msgid "Find" +msgstr "查找" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1530 +msgid "Help" +msgstr "帮助" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1532 +msgid "Mark" +msgstr "标记" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1534 +msgid "Message" +msgstr "消息" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1536 +msgid "Move" +msgstr "移动" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1538 +msgid "Next" +msgstr "下一个" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1540 +msgid "Open" +msgstr "打开" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1542 +msgid "Options" +msgstr "选项" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1544 +msgid "Prev (previous)" +msgstr "Prev (上一个)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1546 +msgid "Redo" +msgstr "重做" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1548 +msgid "Ref (reference)" +msgstr "Ref (引用)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1550 +msgid "Refresh" +msgstr "刷新" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1552 +msgid "Replace" +msgstr "替换" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1554 +msgid "Restart" +msgstr "重启" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1556 +msgid "Resume" +msgstr "恢复" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1558 +msgid "Save" +msgstr "保存" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1560 +msgid "Shifted Beg (beginning)" +msgstr "Shift + Beg (开始)" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1562 +msgid "Shifted Cancel" +msgstr "Shift + Cancel" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1564 +msgid "Shifted Command" +msgstr "Shift + Command" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1566 +msgid "Shifted Copy" +msgstr "Shift + Copy" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1568 +msgid "Shifted Create" +msgstr "Shift + Create" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1570 +msgid "Shifted Delete char" +msgstr "Shift + 删除字符" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1572 +msgid "Shifted Delete line" +msgstr "Shift + 删除行" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1574 +msgid "Select" +msgstr "选择" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1576 +msgid "Shifted End" +msgstr "Shift + End" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1578 +msgid "Shifted Clear line" +msgstr "Shift + 清空行" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1580 +msgid "Shifted Exit" +msgstr "Shift + 退出" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1582 +msgid "Shifted Find" +msgstr "Shift + 查找" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1584 +msgid "Shifted Help" +msgstr "Shift + 帮助" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1586 +msgid "Shifted Home" +msgstr "Shift + Home" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1588 +msgid "Shifted Input" +msgstr "Shift + 输入" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1590 +msgid "Shifted Left arrow" +msgstr "Shift + 向左箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1592 +msgid "Shifted Message" +msgstr "Shift + 消息" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1594 +msgid "Shifted Move" +msgstr "Shift + 移动" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1596 +msgid "Shifted Next" +msgstr "Shift + 下一个" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1598 +msgid "Shifted Options" +msgstr "Shift + 选项" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1600 +msgid "Shifted Prev" +msgstr "Shift + 上一个" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1602 +msgid "Shifted Print" +msgstr "Shift + 打印" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1604 +msgid "Shifted Redo" +msgstr "Shift + 重做" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1606 +msgid "Shifted Replace" +msgstr "Shift + 替换" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1608 +msgid "Shifted Right arrow" +msgstr "Shift + 向右箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1610 +msgid "Shifted Resume" +msgstr "Shift + 恢复" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1612 +msgid "Shifted Save" +msgstr "Shift + 保存" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1614 +msgid "Shifted Suspend" +msgstr "Shift + 挂起" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1616 +msgid "Shifted Undo" +msgstr "Shift + 撤销" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1618 +msgid "Suspend" +msgstr "挂起" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1620 +msgid "Undo" +msgstr "撤销操作" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1622 +msgid "Mouse event has occurred" +msgstr "鼠标事件已发生" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1624 +msgid "Terminal resize event" +msgstr "终端大小改变事件" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1626 +msgid "Maximum key value" +msgstr "最大键值" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1629 +msgid "" +"On VT100s and their software emulations, such as X terminal emulators, there" +" are normally at least four function keys (:const:`KEY_F1 `, " +":const:`KEY_F2 `, :const:`KEY_F3 `, :const:`KEY_F4 " +"`) available, and the arrow keys mapped to :const:`KEY_UP`, " +":const:`KEY_DOWN`, :const:`KEY_LEFT` and :const:`KEY_RIGHT` in the obvious " +"way. If your machine has a PC keyboard, it is safe to expect arrow keys and" +" twelve function keys (older PC keyboards may have only ten function keys); " +"also, the following keypad mappings are standard:" +msgstr "" +"在 VT100s 及其软件模拟器，如 X 终端模拟器上，通常至少有四个功能键 (:const:`KEY_F1 `, " +":const:`KEY_F2 `, :const:`KEY_F3 `, :const:`KEY_F4 " +"`) 可用，并且方向键将明确地映射到 :const:`KEY_UP`, :const:`KEY_DOWN`, " +":const:`KEY_LEFT` 和 :const:`KEY_RIGHT`。 如果你的机器有一个 PC 键盘，则保证能使用方向键和十二个功能键 " +"(老式的 PC 键盘可能只有十个功能键)；此外，还有以下的标准小键盘映射:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1638 +msgid "Keycap" +msgstr "键帽" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1638 ../../library/curses.rst:1783 +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1907 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1640 +msgid ":kbd:`Insert`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Insert`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1640 +msgid "KEY_IC" +msgstr "KEY_IC" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1642 +msgid ":kbd:`Delete`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Delete`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1642 +msgid "KEY_DC" +msgstr "KEY_DC" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1644 +msgid ":kbd:`Home`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Home`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1644 +msgid "KEY_HOME" +msgstr "KEY_HOME" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1646 +msgid ":kbd:`End`" +msgstr ":kbd:`End`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1646 +msgid "KEY_END" +msgstr "KEY_END" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1648 +msgid ":kbd:`Page Up`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Page Up`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1648 +msgid "KEY_PPAGE" +msgstr "KEY_PPAGE" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1650 +msgid ":kbd:`Page Down`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Page Down`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1650 +msgid "KEY_NPAGE" +msgstr "KEY_NPAGE" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1655 +msgid "" +"The following table lists characters from the alternate character set. These" +" are inherited from the VT100 terminal, and will generally be available on " +"software emulations such as X terminals. When there is no graphic " +"available, curses falls back on a crude printable ASCII approximation." +msgstr "" +"下表列出了替代字符集中的字符。 这些字符继承自 VT100 终端，在 X 终端等软件模拟器上通常均为可用。 当没有可用的图形时，curses " +"会回退为粗糙的可打印 ASCII 近似符号。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1662 +msgid "These are available only after :func:`initscr` has been called." +msgstr "只有在调用 :func:`initscr` 之后才能使用它们" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1665 +msgid "ACS code" +msgstr "ACS代码" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1667 +msgid "alternate name for upper right corner" +msgstr "右上角的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1669 +msgid "solid square block" +msgstr "实心方块" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1671 +msgid "board of squares" +msgstr "正方形" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1673 +msgid "alternate name for horizontal line" +msgstr "水平线的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1675 +msgid "alternate name for upper left corner" +msgstr "左上角的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1677 +msgid "alternate name for top tee" +msgstr "顶部 T 型的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1679 +msgid "bottom tee" +msgstr "底部 T 型" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1681 +msgid "bullet" +msgstr "正方形" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1683 +msgid "checker board (stipple)" +msgstr "棋盘（点刻）" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1685 +msgid "arrow pointing down" +msgstr "向下箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1687 +msgid "degree symbol" +msgstr "等级符" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1689 +msgid "diamond" +msgstr "菱形" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1691 +msgid "greater-than-or-equal-to" +msgstr "大于或等于" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1693 +msgid "horizontal line" +msgstr "水平线" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1695 +msgid "lantern symbol" +msgstr "灯形符号" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1697 +msgid "left arrow" +msgstr "向左箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1699 +msgid "less-than-or-equal-to" +msgstr "小于或等于" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1701 +msgid "lower left-hand corner" +msgstr "左下角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1703 +msgid "lower right-hand corner" +msgstr "右下角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1705 +msgid "left tee" +msgstr "左侧 T 型" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1707 +msgid "not-equal sign" +msgstr "不等号" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1709 +msgid "letter pi" +msgstr "字母π" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1711 +msgid "plus-or-minus sign" +msgstr "正负号" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1713 +msgid "big plus sign" +msgstr "加号" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1715 +msgid "right arrow" +msgstr "向右箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1717 +msgid "right tee" +msgstr "右侧 T 型" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1719 +msgid "scan line 1" +msgstr "扫描线 1" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1721 +msgid "scan line 3" +msgstr "扫描线3" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1723 +msgid "scan line 7" +msgstr "扫描线7" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1725 +msgid "scan line 9" +msgstr "扫描线 9" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1727 +msgid "alternate name for lower right corner" +msgstr "右下角的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1729 +msgid "alternate name for vertical line" +msgstr "垂直线的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1731 +msgid "alternate name for right tee" +msgstr "右侧 T 型的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1733 +msgid "alternate name for lower left corner" +msgstr "左下角的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1735 +msgid "alternate name for bottom tee" +msgstr "底部 T 型的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1737 +msgid "alternate name for left tee" +msgstr "左侧 T 型的别名" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1739 +msgid "alternate name for crossover or big plus" +msgstr "交叉或大加号的替代名称" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1741 +msgid "pound sterling" +msgstr "英镑" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1743 +msgid "top tee" +msgstr "顶部 T 型" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1745 +msgid "up arrow" +msgstr "向上箭头" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1747 +msgid "upper left corner" +msgstr "左上角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1749 +msgid "upper right corner" +msgstr "右上角" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1751 +msgid "vertical line" +msgstr "垂线" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1754 +msgid "" +"The following table lists mouse button constants used by :meth:`getmouse`:" +msgstr "下面列出了 :meth:`getmouse` 所使用的鼠标按键常量:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1757 +msgid "Mouse button constant" +msgstr "鼠标按键常量" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1759 +msgid "Mouse button *n* pressed" +msgstr "鼠标按键 *n* 被按下" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1761 +msgid "Mouse button *n* released" +msgstr "鼠标按键 *n* 被释放" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1763 +msgid "Mouse button *n* clicked" +msgstr "鼠标按键 *n* 被点击" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1765 +msgid "Mouse button *n* double clicked" +msgstr "鼠标按键 *n* 被双击" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1767 +msgid "Mouse button *n* triple clicked" +msgstr "鼠标按键 *n* 被三击" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1769 +msgid "Shift was down during button state change" +msgstr "当按键状态改变时 Shift 被按下" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1771 ../../library/curses.rst:1773 +msgid "Control was down during button state change" +msgstr "当按键状态改变时 Control 被按下" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1780 +msgid "The following table lists the predefined colors:" +msgstr "下表列出了预定义的颜色：" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1783 +msgid "Color" +msgstr "颜色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1785 +msgid "Black" +msgstr "黑色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1787 +msgid "Blue" +msgstr "蓝色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1789 +msgid "Cyan (light greenish blue)" +msgstr "青色（浅绿蓝色）" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1791 +msgid "Green" +msgstr "绿色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1793 +msgid "Magenta (purplish red)" +msgstr "洋红色（紫红色）" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1795 +msgid "Red" +msgstr "红色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1797 +msgid "White" +msgstr "白色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1799 +msgid "Yellow" +msgstr "黄色" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1804 +msgid ":mod:`curses.textpad` --- Text input widget for curses programs" +msgstr ":mod:`curses.textpad` --- 用于 curses 程序的文本输入控件" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1812 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses.textpad` module provides a :class:`Textbox` class that " +"handles elementary text editing in a curses window, supporting a set of " +"keybindings resembling those of Emacs (thus, also of Netscape Navigator, " +"BBedit 6.x, FrameMaker, and many other programs). The module also provides " +"a rectangle-drawing function useful for framing text boxes or for other " +"purposes." +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses.textpad` 模块提供了一个 :class:`Textbox` 类，该类在 curses " +"窗口中处理基本的文本编辑，支持一组与 Emacs 类似的键绑定（因此这也适用于 Netscape Navigator, BBedit 6.x, " +"FrameMaker 和许多其他程序）。 该模块还提供了一个绘制矩形的函数，适用于容纳文本框或其他目的。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1818 +msgid "The module :mod:`curses.textpad` defines the following function:" +msgstr ":mod:`curses.textpad` 模块定义了以下函数:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1823 +msgid "" +"Draw a rectangle. The first argument must be a window object; the remaining" +" arguments are coordinates relative to that window. The second and third " +"arguments are the y and x coordinates of the upper left hand corner of the " +"rectangle to be drawn; the fourth and fifth arguments are the y and x " +"coordinates of the lower right hand corner. The rectangle will be drawn " +"using VT100/IBM PC forms characters on terminals that make this possible " +"(including xterm and most other software terminal emulators). Otherwise it " +"will be drawn with ASCII dashes, vertical bars, and plus signs." +msgstr "" +"绘制一个矩形。 第一个参数必须为窗口对象；其余参数均为相对于该窗口的坐标值。 第二和第三个参数为要绘制的矩形的左上角的 y 和 x " +"坐标值；第四和第五个参数为其右下角的 y 和 x 坐标值。 将会使用 VT100/IBM PC 形式的字符在可用的终端上（包括 xterm " +"和大多数其他软件终端模拟器）绘制矩形。 在其他情况下则将使用 ASCII 横杠、竖线和加号绘制。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1836 +msgid "Textbox objects" +msgstr "文本框对象" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1838 +msgid "You can instantiate a :class:`Textbox` object as follows:" +msgstr "你可以通过如下方式实例化一个 :class:`Textbox`:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1843 +msgid "" +"Return a textbox widget object. The *win* argument should be a curses " +":ref:`window ` object in which the textbox is to be " +"contained. The edit cursor of the textbox is initially located at the upper " +"left hand corner of the containing window, with coordinates ``(0, 0)``. The " +"instance's :attr:`stripspaces` flag is initially on." +msgstr "" +"返回一个文本框控件对象。 *win* 参数必须是一个 curses :ref:`窗口 ` " +"对象，文本框将被包含在其中。 文本框的编辑光标在初始时位于包含窗口的左上角，坐标值为 ``(0, 0)``。 实例的 " +":attr:`stripspaces` 旗标初始时为启用。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1849 +msgid ":class:`Textbox` objects have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Textbox` 对象具有以下方法:" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1854 +msgid "" +"This is the entry point you will normally use. It accepts editing " +"keystrokes until one of the termination keystrokes is entered. If " +"*validator* is supplied, it must be a function. It will be called for each " +"keystroke entered with the keystroke as a parameter; command dispatch is " +"done on the result. This method returns the window contents as a string; " +"whether blanks in the window are included is affected by the " +":attr:`stripspaces` attribute." +msgstr "" +"这是你通常将使用的入口点。 它接受编辑按键直到键入了一个终止按键。 如果提供了 *validator*，它必须是一个函数。 " +"它将在每次按键时被调用并传入相应的按键作作为形参；命令发送将在结果上执行。 此方法会以字符串形式返回窗口内容；是否包括窗口中的空白将受到 " +":attr:`stripspaces` 属性的影响。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1865 +msgid "" +"Process a single command keystroke. Here are the supported special " +"keystrokes:" +msgstr "处理单个按键命令。以下是支持的特殊按键：" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1869 ../../library/curses.rst:1907 +msgid "Keystroke" +msgstr "按键" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1869 +msgid "Action" +msgstr "动作" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1871 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-A`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-A`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1871 +msgid "Go to left edge of window." +msgstr "转到窗口的左边缘。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1873 ../../library/curses.rst:1909 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-B`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-B`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1873 +msgid "Cursor left, wrapping to previous line if appropriate." +msgstr "光标向左，如果可能，包含前一行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1876 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-D`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-D`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1876 +msgid "Delete character under cursor." +msgstr "删除光标下的字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1878 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-E`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-E`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1878 +msgid "Go to right edge (stripspaces off) or end of line (stripspaces on)." +msgstr "前往右边缘（stripspaces 关闭时）或者行尾（stripspaces 启用时）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1881 ../../library/curses.rst:1911 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-F`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-F`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1881 +msgid "Cursor right, wrapping to next line when appropriate." +msgstr "向右移动光标，适当时换行到下一行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1884 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-G`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-G`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1884 +msgid "Terminate, returning the window contents." +msgstr "终止，返回窗口内容。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1886 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-H`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-H`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1886 +msgid "Delete character backward." +msgstr "向后删除字符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1888 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-J`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-J`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1888 +msgid "Terminate if the window is 1 line, otherwise insert newline." +msgstr "如果窗口是1行则终止，否则插入换行符。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1891 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-K`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-K`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1891 +msgid "If line is blank, delete it, otherwise clear to end of line." +msgstr "如果行为空，则删除它，否则清除到行尾。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1894 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-L`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-L`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1894 +msgid "Refresh screen." +msgstr "刷新屏幕。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1896 ../../library/curses.rst:1915 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-N`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-N`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1896 +msgid "Cursor down; move down one line." +msgstr "光标向下;向下移动一行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1898 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-O`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-O`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1898 +msgid "Insert a blank line at cursor location." +msgstr "在光标位置插入一个空行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1900 ../../library/curses.rst:1913 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-P`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-P`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1900 +msgid "Cursor up; move up one line." +msgstr "光标向上;向上移动一行。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"Move operations do nothing if the cursor is at an edge where the movement is" +" not possible. The following synonyms are supported where possible:" +msgstr "如果光标位于无法移动的边缘，则移动操作不执行任何操作。在可能的情况下，支持以下同义词：" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1909 +msgid ":const:`~curses.KEY_LEFT`" +msgstr ":const:`~curses.KEY_LEFT`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1911 +msgid ":const:`~curses.KEY_RIGHT`" +msgstr ":const:`~curses.KEY_RIGHT`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1913 +msgid ":const:`~curses.KEY_UP`" +msgstr ":const:`~curses.KEY_UP`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1915 +msgid ":const:`~curses.KEY_DOWN`" +msgstr ":const:`~curses.KEY_DOWN`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1917 +msgid ":const:`~curses.KEY_BACKSPACE`" +msgstr ":const:`~curses.KEY_BACKSPACE`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1917 +msgid ":kbd:`Control-h`" +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-h`" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1920 +msgid "" +"All other keystrokes are treated as a command to insert the given character " +"and move right (with line wrapping)." +msgstr "所有其他按键将被视为插入给定字符并右移的命令（带有自动折行）。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1926 +msgid "" +"Return the window contents as a string; whether blanks in the window are " +"included is affected by the :attr:`stripspaces` member." +msgstr "以字符串形式返回窗口内容；是否包括窗口中的空白将受到 :attr:`stripspaces` 成员的影响。" + +#: ../../library/curses.rst:1932 +msgid "" +"This attribute is a flag which controls the interpretation of blanks in the " +"window. When it is on, trailing blanks on each line are ignored; any cursor" +" motion that would land the cursor on a trailing blank goes to the end of " +"that line instead, and trailing blanks are stripped when the window contents" +" are gathered." +msgstr "" +"此属性是控制窗口中空白解读方式的旗标。 " +"当启用时，每一行的末尾空白会被忽略；任何将光标定位至末尾空白的光标动作都将改为前往该行末尾，并且在收集窗口内容时将去除末尾空白。" diff --git a/library/custominterp.po b/library/custominterp.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37df1fb88 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/custominterp.po @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/custominterp.rst:5 +msgid "Custom Python Interpreters" +msgstr "自定义 Python 解释器" + +#: ../../library/custominterp.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter allow writing interfaces similar to " +"Python's interactive interpreter. If you want a Python interpreter that " +"supports some special feature in addition to the Python language, you should" +" look at the :mod:`code` module. (The :mod:`codeop` module is lower-level, " +"used to support compiling a possibly incomplete chunk of Python code.)" +msgstr "" +"本章中描述的模块允许编写类似于 Python 的交互式解释器的接口。 如果你想要一个支持附加某些特殊功能到 Python 语言的 Python " +"解释器，你应当看一下 :mod:`code` 模块。 (:mod:`codeop` 模块是低层级的，用于支持编译可能不完整的 Python 代码块。" + +#: ../../library/custominterp.rst:13 +msgid "The full list of modules described in this chapter is:" +msgstr "本章描述的完整模块列表如下：" diff --git a/library/dataclasses.po b/library/dataclasses.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09213438f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/dataclasses.po @@ -0,0 +1,1591 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# BigOrangeQWQ, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:03+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!dataclasses` --- Data Classes" +msgstr ":mod:`!dataclasses` --- 数据类" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dataclasses.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/dataclasses.py`" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This module provides a decorator and functions for automatically adding " +"generated :term:`special methods ` such as " +":meth:`~object.__init__` and :meth:`~object.__repr__` to user-defined " +"classes. It was originally described in :pep:`557`." +msgstr "" +"这个模块提供了一个装饰器和一些函数，用于自动为用户自定义的类添加生成的 :term:`特殊方法 ` 例如 " +":meth:`~object.__init__` 和 :meth:`~object.__repr__`。 它的初始描述见 :pep:`557`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The member variables to use in these generated methods are defined using " +":pep:`526` type annotations. For example, this code::" +msgstr "在这些生成的方法中使用的成员变量是使用 :pep:`526` 类型标注来定义的。例如以下代码：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:22 +msgid "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class InventoryItem:\n" +" \"\"\"Class for keeping track of an item in inventory.\"\"\"\n" +" name: str\n" +" unit_price: float\n" +" quantity_on_hand: int = 0\n" +"\n" +" def total_cost(self) -> float:\n" +" return self.unit_price * self.quantity_on_hand" +msgstr "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class InventoryItem:\n" +" \"\"\"Class for keeping track of an item in inventory.\"\"\"\n" +" name: str\n" +" unit_price: float\n" +" quantity_on_hand: int = 0\n" +"\n" +" def total_cost(self) -> float:\n" +" return self.unit_price * self.quantity_on_hand" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:34 +msgid "will add, among other things, a :meth:`!__init__` that looks like::" +msgstr "将添加多项内容，包括如下所示的 :meth:`!__init__`::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:36 +msgid "" +"def __init__(self, name: str, unit_price: float, quantity_on_hand: int = 0):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.unit_price = unit_price\n" +" self.quantity_on_hand = quantity_on_hand" +msgstr "" +"def __init__(self, name: str, unit_price: float, quantity_on_hand: int = 0):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.unit_price = unit_price\n" +" self.quantity_on_hand = quantity_on_hand" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Note that this method is automatically added to the class: it is not " +"directly specified in the :class:`!InventoryItem` definition shown above." +msgstr "请注意此方法会自动添加到类中：它不是在如上所示的 :class:`!InventoryItem` 定义中直接指定的。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:47 +msgid "Module contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:51 +msgid "" +"This function is a :term:`decorator` that is used to add generated " +":term:`special methods ` to classes, as described below." +msgstr "" +"此函数是一个 :term:`decorator`，它被用于将生成的 :term:`特殊方法 ` 添加到类中，如下所述。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:54 +msgid "" +"The ``@dataclass`` decorator examines the class to find ``field``\\s. A " +"``field`` is defined as a class variable that has a :term:`type annotation " +"`. With two exceptions described below, nothing in " +"``@dataclass`` examines the type specified in the variable annotation." +msgstr "" +"``@dataclass`` 装饰器会检查类以找到其中的 ``field``。 ``field`` 被定义为具有 :term:`类型标注 " +"` 的类变量。 除了下面所述的两个例外，在 ``@dataclass`` " +"中没有任何东西会去检查变量标注中指定的类型。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The order of the fields in all of the generated methods is the order in " +"which they appear in the class definition." +msgstr "这些字段在所有生成的方法中的顺序，都是它们在类定义中出现的顺序。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The ``@dataclass`` decorator will add various \"dunder\" methods to the " +"class, described below. If any of the added methods already exist in the " +"class, the behavior depends on the parameter, as documented below. The " +"decorator returns the same class that it is called on; no new class is " +"created." +msgstr "" +"``@dataclass`` 装饰器将把各种“双下线”方法添加到类，具体如下所述。 " +"如果所添加的任何方法在类中已存在，其行为将取决于形参的值，具体如下所述。 该装饰器将返回执行其调用的类而不会创建新类。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:69 +msgid "" +"If ``@dataclass`` is used just as a simple decorator with no parameters, it " +"acts as if it has the default values documented in this signature. That is," +" these three uses of ``@dataclass`` are equivalent::" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``@dataclass`` 仅被用作不带形参的简单装饰器，其行为相当于使用在此签名中记录的默认值。 也就是说，这三种 " +"``@dataclass`` 的用法是等价的::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:74 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass()\n" +"class C:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass(init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False,\n" +" match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False)\n" +"class C:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass()\n" +"class C:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass(init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False,\n" +" match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False)\n" +"class C:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:87 +msgid "The parameters to ``@dataclass`` are:" +msgstr "``@dataclass`` 的形参有：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:89 +msgid "" +"*init*: If true (the default), a :meth:`~object.__init__` method will be " +"generated." +msgstr "*init*: 如为真值（默认），将生成 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:92 +msgid "" +"If the class already defines :meth:`!__init__`, this parameter is ignored." +msgstr "如果类已经定义了 :meth:`!__init__`，此形参将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:95 +msgid "" +"*repr*: If true (the default), a :meth:`~object.__repr__` method will be " +"generated. The generated repr string will have the class name and the name " +"and repr of each field, in the order they are defined in the class. Fields " +"that are marked as being excluded from the repr are not included. For " +"example: ``InventoryItem(name='widget', unit_price=3.0, " +"quantity_on_hand=10)``." +msgstr "" +"*repr*: 如为真值（默认），将生成 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 方法。 生成的 repr 字符串将带有类名及每个字符的名称和" +" repr，并按它们在类中定义的顺序排列。 不包括被标记为从 repr 排除的字段。 例如: " +"``InventoryItem(name='widget', unit_price=3.0, quantity_on_hand=10)``。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:102 +msgid "" +"If the class already defines :meth:`!__repr__`, this parameter is ignored." +msgstr "如果类已经定义了 :meth:`!__repr__`，此形参将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:105 +msgid "" +"*eq*: If true (the default), an :meth:`~object.__eq__` method will be " +"generated. This method compares the class as if it were a tuple of its " +"fields, in order. Both instances in the comparison must be of the identical" +" type." +msgstr "" +"*eq*: 如为真值（默认），将生成 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 方法。 此方法将把类当作由其字段组成的元组那样按顺序进行比较。 " +"要比较的两个实例必须是相同的类型。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:110 +msgid "" +"If the class already defines :meth:`!__eq__`, this parameter is ignored." +msgstr "如果类已经定义了 :meth:`!__eq__`，此形参将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:113 +msgid "" +"*order*: If true (the default is ``False``), :meth:`~object.__lt__`, " +":meth:`~object.__le__`, :meth:`~object.__gt__`, and :meth:`~object.__ge__` " +"methods will be generated. These compare the class as if it were a tuple of" +" its fields, in order. Both instances in the comparison must be of the " +"identical type. If *order* is true and *eq* is false, a :exc:`ValueError` " +"is raised." +msgstr "" +"*order*: 如为真值 (默认为 ``False``)，将生成 :meth:`~object.__lt__`, " +":meth:`~object.__le__`, :meth:`~object.__gt__` 和 :meth:`~object.__ge__` 方法。 " +"这些方法将把类当作由其字段组成的元组那样按顺序进行比较。 要比较的两个实例必须是相同的类型。 如果 *order* 为真值且 *eq* 为假值，则会引发" +" :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:120 +msgid "" +"If the class already defines any of :meth:`!__lt__`, :meth:`!__le__`, " +":meth:`!__gt__`, or :meth:`!__ge__`, then :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"如果类已经定义了 :meth:`!__lt__`, :meth:`!__le__`, :meth:`!__gt__` 或者 " +":meth:`!__ge__` 中的任意一个，将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:124 +msgid "" +"*unsafe_hash*: If ``False`` (the default), a :meth:`~object.__hash__` method" +" is generated according to how *eq* and *frozen* are set." +msgstr "" +"*unsafe_hash*: 如为 ``False`` (默认值)，则会根据 *eq* 和 *frozen* 的设置情况生成 " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:127 +msgid "" +":meth:`!__hash__` is used by built-in :meth:`hash`, and when objects are " +"added to hashed collections such as dictionaries and sets. Having a " +":meth:`!__hash__` implies that instances of the class are immutable. " +"Mutability is a complicated property that depends on the programmer's " +"intent, the existence and behavior of :meth:`!__eq__`, and the values of the" +" *eq* and *frozen* flags in the ``@dataclass`` decorator." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!__hash__` 会在对象被添加到哈希多项集如字典和集合时由内置的 :meth:`hash` 使用。 具有 " +":meth:`!__hash__` 就意味着类的实例是不可变的。 可变性是一个依赖于程序员的实际意图、:meth:`!__eq__` " +"是否存在及其具体行为，以及 ``@dataclass`` 装饰器中 *eq* 和 *frozen* 旗标的值的复杂特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:134 +msgid "" +"By default, ``@dataclass`` will not implicitly add a " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` method unless it is safe to do so. Neither will it" +" add or change an existing explicitly defined :meth:`!__hash__` method. " +"Setting the class attribute ``__hash__ = None`` has a specific meaning to " +"Python, as described in the :meth:`!__hash__` documentation." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，``@dataclass`` 不会隐式地添加 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法，除非这样做是安全的。 " +"它也没会添加或更改现有的显式定义的 :meth:`!__hash__` 方法。 设置类属性 ``__hash__ = None`` 对 Python " +"具有特定含义，如 :meth:`!__hash__` 文档中所述。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:140 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`!__hash__` is not explicitly defined, or if it is set to ``None``," +" then ``@dataclass`` *may* add an implicit :meth:`!__hash__` method. " +"Although not recommended, you can force ``@dataclass`` to create a " +":meth:`!__hash__` method with ``unsafe_hash=True``. This might be the case " +"if your class is logically immutable but can still be mutated. This is a " +"specialized use case and should be considered carefully." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`!__hash__` 没有被显式定义，或者它被设为 ``None``，则 ``@dataclass`` *可能* 会添加一个隐式 " +":meth:`!__hash__` 方法。 虽然并不推荐，但你可以用 ``unsafe_hash=True`` 来强制让 ``@dataclass`` " +"创建一个 :meth:`!__hash__` 方法。 如果你的类在逻辑上不可变但却仍然可被修改那么可能就是这种情况一。 " +"这是一个特殊用例并且应当被小心地处理。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Here are the rules governing implicit creation of a :meth:`!__hash__` " +"method. Note that you cannot both have an explicit :meth:`!__hash__` method" +" in your dataclass and set ``unsafe_hash=True``; this will result in a " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"以下是针对隐式创建 :meth:`!__hash__` 方法的规则。 请注意你的数据类中不能既有显式的 :meth:`!__hash__` 方法又设置 " +"``unsafe_hash=True``；这将导致 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:152 +msgid "" +"If *eq* and *frozen* are both true, by default ``@dataclass`` will generate " +"a :meth:`!__hash__` method for you. If *eq* is true and *frozen* is false, " +":meth:`!__hash__` will be set to ``None``, marking it unhashable (which it " +"is, since it is mutable). If *eq* is false, :meth:`!__hash__` will be left " +"untouched meaning the :meth:`!__hash__` method of the superclass will be " +"used (if the superclass is :class:`object`, this means it will fall back to " +"id-based hashing)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *eq* 和 *frozen* 均为真值，则默认 ``@dataclass`` 将为你生成 :meth:`!__hash__` 方法。 如果 " +"*eq* 为真值而 *frozen* 为假值，则:meth:`!__hash__` 将被设为 " +"``None``，即将其标记为不可哈希（因为它属于可变对象）。 如果 *eq* 为假值，则 :meth:`!__hash__` " +"将保持不变，这意味着将使用超类的 :meth:`!__hash__` 方法（如果超类是 :class:`object`，这意味着它将回退为基于 id " +"的哈希）。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:160 +msgid "" +"*frozen*: If true (the default is ``False``), assigning to fields will " +"generate an exception. This emulates read-only frozen instances. If " +":meth:`~object.__setattr__` or :meth:`~object.__delattr__` is defined in the" +" class, then :exc:`TypeError` is raised. See the discussion below." +msgstr "" +"*frozen*: 如为真值 (默认为 ``False``)，则对字段赋值将引发异常。 这模拟了只读的冻结实例。 如果在类中定义了 " +":meth:`~object.__setattr__` 或 :meth:`~object.__delattr__`，则将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 参见下文的讨论。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:165 +msgid "" +"*match_args*: If true (the default is ``True``), the " +":attr:`~object.__match_args__` tuple will be created from the list of non " +"keyword-only parameters to the generated :meth:`~object.__init__` method " +"(even if :meth:`!__init__` is not generated, see above). If false, or if " +":attr:`!__match_args__` is already defined in the class, then " +":attr:`!__match_args__` will not be generated." +msgstr "" +"*match_args*: 如为真值 (默认为 ``True``)，则将根据传给生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"方法的非关键字形参列表来创建 the :attr:`~object.__match_args__` 元组（即使没有生成 " +":meth:`!__init__`，见上文）。 如为假值，或者如果 :attr:`!__match_args__` 已在类中定义，则不会生成 " +":attr:`!__match_args__`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:174 +msgid "" +"*kw_only*: If true (the default value is ``False``), then all fields will be" +" marked as keyword-only. If a field is marked as keyword-only, then the " +"only effect is that the :meth:`~object.__init__` parameter generated from a " +"keyword-only field must be specified with a keyword when :meth:`!__init__` " +"is called. See the :term:`parameter` glossary entry for details. Also see " +"the :const:`KW_ONLY` section." +msgstr "" +"*kw_only*: 如为真值 (默认值为 ``False``)，则所有字段都将被标记为仅限关键字的。 " +"如果一个字段被标记为仅限关键字的，则唯一的影响是由仅限关键字的字段生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 形参在 " +":meth:`!__init__` 被调用时必须以关键字形式来指定。 详情参见 :term:`parameter` 术语表条目。 另请参阅 " +":const:`KW_ONLY` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:182 +msgid "Keyword-only fields are not included in :attr:`!__match_args__`." +msgstr "仅限关键字字段不会被包括在 :attr:`!__match_args__` 中。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:186 +msgid "" +"*slots*: If true (the default is ``False``), :attr:`~object.__slots__` " +"attribute will be generated and new class will be returned instead of the " +"original one. If :attr:`!__slots__` is already defined in the class, then " +":exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"*slots*: 如为真值 (默认为 ``False``)，则将生成 :attr:`~object.__slots__` " +"属性并返回一个新类而非原本的类。 如果 :attr:`!__slots__` 已在类中定义，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Calling no-arg :func:`super` in dataclasses using ``slots=True`` will result" +" in the following exception being raised: ``TypeError: super(type, obj): obj" +" must be an instance or subtype of type``. The two-arg :func:`super` is a " +"valid workaround. See :gh:`90562` for full details." +msgstr "" +"在使用 ``slots=True`` 的数据类中调用无参数的 :func:`super` 将导致引发以下异常: ``TypeError: " +"super(type, obj): obj must be an instance or subtype of type``。 " +"可用的绕过方式是调用带两个参数的 :func:`super`。 请参阅 :gh:`90562` 了解完整细节。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Passing parameters to a base class :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` when " +"using ``slots=True`` will result in a :exc:`TypeError`. Either use " +"``__init_subclass__`` with no parameters or use default values as a " +"workaround. See :gh:`91126` for full details." +msgstr "" +"在使用 ``slots=True`` 时向基类 :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` 传入形参将导致 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 应使用不带参数的 ``__init_subclass__`` 或使用默认值的绕过方式。 请参阅 " +":gh:`91126` 了解完整细节。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:207 +msgid "" +"If a field name is already included in the :attr:`!__slots__` of a base " +"class, it will not be included in the generated :attr:`!__slots__` to " +"prevent :ref:`overriding them `. Therefore, do not use" +" :attr:`!__slots__` to retrieve the field names of a dataclass. Use " +":func:`fields` instead. To be able to determine inherited slots, base class " +":attr:`!__slots__` may be any iterable, but *not* an iterator." +msgstr "" +"如果某个字段名称已经包括在基类的 :attr:`!__slots__` 中，它将不会被包括在生成的 :attr:`!__slots__` 中以防止 " +":ref:`重写它们 `。 因此，请不要使用 :attr:`!__slots__` 来获取数据类的字段名称。" +" 而应改用 :func:`fields`。 为了能够确定所继承的槽位，基类 :attr:`!__slots__` 可以是任意可迭代对象，但是 *不可以*" +" 是迭代器。an iterator." + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:217 +msgid "" +"*weakref_slot*: If true (the default is ``False``), add a slot named " +"\"__weakref__\", which is required to make an instance :func:`weakref-able " +"`. It is an error to specify ``weakref_slot=True`` without also" +" specifying ``slots=True``." +msgstr "" +"*weakref_slot*: 如为真值 (默认为 ``False``)，则添加一个名为 \"__weakref__\" 的槽位，这是使得一个实例 " +":func:`可以弱引用 ` 所必需的。 指定 ``weakref_slot=True`` 而不同时指定 " +"``slots=True`` 将会导致错误。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:225 +msgid "" +"``field``\\s may optionally specify a default value, using normal Python " +"syntax::" +msgstr "可以用普通的 Python 语法为各个 ``field`` 指定默认值：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:228 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" a: int # 'a' has no default value\n" +" b: int = 0 # assign a default value for 'b'" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" a: int # 'a' 没有默认值\n" +" b: int = 0 # 为 'b' 赋默认值" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:233 +msgid "" +"In this example, both :attr:`!a` and :attr:`!b` will be included in the " +"added :meth:`~object.__init__` method, which will be defined as::" +msgstr "" +"在这个例子中，:attr:`!a` 和 :attr:`!b` 都将被包括在所添加的 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"方法中，该方法将被定义为::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:236 +msgid "def __init__(self, a: int, b: int = 0):" +msgstr "def __init__(self, a: int, b: int = 0):" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:238 +msgid "" +":exc:`TypeError` will be raised if a field without a default value follows a" +" field with a default value. This is true whether this occurs in a single " +"class, or as a result of class inheritance." +msgstr "" +"如果在具有默认值的字段之后存在没有默认值的字段，将会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。无论此情况是发生在单个类中还是作为类继承的结果，都是如此。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:244 +msgid "" +"For common and simple use cases, no other functionality is required. There " +"are, however, some dataclass features that require additional per-field " +"information. To satisfy this need for additional information, you can " +"replace the default field value with a call to the provided :func:`!field` " +"function. For example::" +msgstr "" +"对于常见和简单的用例，不需要其他的功能。 但是，有些数据类的特性需要额外的每字段信息。 为了满足这种对额外信息的需求，你可以通过调用所提供的 " +":func:`!field` 函数来替换默认的字段值。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:250 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" mylist: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)\n" +"\n" +"c = C()\n" +"c.mylist += [1, 2, 3]" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" mylist: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)\n" +"\n" +"c = C()\n" +"c.mylist += [1, 2, 3]" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:257 +msgid "" +"As shown above, the :const:`MISSING` value is a sentinel object used to " +"detect if some parameters are provided by the user. This sentinel is used " +"because ``None`` is a valid value for some parameters with a distinct " +"meaning. No code should directly use the :const:`MISSING` value." +msgstr "" +"如上所示，:const:`MISSING` 值是一个哨兵对象，用于检测一些形参是否由用户提供。使用它是因为 ``None`` " +"对于一些形参来说是有效的用户值。任何代码都不应该直接使用 :const:`MISSING` 值。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:262 +msgid "The parameters to :func:`!field` are:" +msgstr "传给 :func:`!field` 的形参有：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:264 +msgid "" +"*default*: If provided, this will be the default value for this field. This" +" is needed because the :func:`!field` call itself replaces the normal " +"position of the default value." +msgstr "" +"*default*: 如果提供，这将为该字段的默认值。 设置此形参是因为 :func:`!field` 调用本身会替换通常的默认值所在位置。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:268 +msgid "" +"*default_factory*: If provided, it must be a zero-argument callable that " +"will be called when a default value is needed for this field. Among other " +"purposes, this can be used to specify fields with mutable default values, as" +" discussed below. It is an error to specify both *default* and " +"*default_factory*." +msgstr "" +"*default_factory*: 如果提供，它必须是一个零参数的可调用对象，它将在该字段需要一个默认值时被调用。 " +"在其他目的以外，它还可被用于指定具有可变默认值的字段，如下所述。 同时指定 *default* 和 *default_factory* 将会导致错误。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:274 +msgid "" +"*init*: If true (the default), this field is included as a parameter to the " +"generated :meth:`~object.__init__` method." +msgstr "*init*: 如为真值（默认），则该字段将作为一个形参被包括在生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法中。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:277 +msgid "" +"*repr*: If true (the default), this field is included in the string returned" +" by the generated :meth:`~object.__repr__` method." +msgstr "*repr*: 如为真值（默认值），则该字段将被包括在生成的 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 方法所返回的字符串中。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:280 +msgid "" +"*hash*: This can be a bool or ``None``. If true, this field is included in " +"the generated :meth:`~object.__hash__` method. If false, this field is " +"excluded from the generated :meth:`~object.__hash__`. If ``None`` (the " +"default), use the value of *compare*: this would normally be the expected " +"behavior, since a field should be included in the hash if it's used for " +"comparisons. Setting this value to anything other than ``None`` is " +"discouraged." +msgstr "" +"*hash*: 这可以是一个布尔值或 ``None``。 如为真值，则此字段将被包括在所生成的 :meth:`~object.__hash__` " +"方法中。 如为假值，则此字段将被排除在所生成的 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 之外。 如为 ``None`` (默认值)，则使用 " +"*compare* 的值：这通常是预期的行为，因为一个字段如果被用于比较那么就应当被包括在哈希运算中。 不建议将该值设为 ``None`` " +"以外的任何值。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:288 +msgid "" +"One possible reason to set ``hash=False`` but ``compare=True`` would be if a" +" field is expensive to compute a hash value for, that field is needed for " +"equality testing, and there are other fields that contribute to the type's " +"hash value. Even if a field is excluded from the hash, it will still be " +"used for comparisons." +msgstr "" +"设置 ``hash=False`` 但 ``compare=True`` " +"的一个合理情况是，一个计算哈希值的代价很高的字段是检验等价性需要的，且还有其他字段可以用于计算类型的哈希值。可以从哈希值中排除该字段，但仍令它用于比较。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:294 +msgid "" +"*compare*: If true (the default), this field is included in the generated " +"equality and comparison methods (:meth:`~object.__eq__`, " +":meth:`~object.__gt__`, et al.)." +msgstr "" +"*compare*: 如为真值（默认），则该字段将被包括在生成的相等和比较方法中 (:meth:`~object.__eq__`, " +":meth:`~object.__gt__` 等等)。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:298 +msgid "" +"*metadata*: This can be a mapping or ``None``. ``None`` is treated as an " +"empty dict. This value is wrapped in :func:`~types.MappingProxyType` to " +"make it read-only, and exposed on the :class:`Field` object. It is not used " +"at all by Data Classes, and is provided as a third-party extension " +"mechanism. Multiple third-parties can each have their own key, to use as a " +"namespace in the metadata." +msgstr "" +"*metadata*: 这可以是一个映射或为 ``None``。 ``None`` 将被当作空字典来处理。 这个值将被包装在 " +":func:`~types.MappingProxyType` 以便其为只读，并暴露在 :class:`Field` 对象上。 " +"它完全不被数据类所使用，并且是作为第三方扩展机制提供的。 多个第三方可以各自拥有其本身的键，以用作元数据的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:306 +msgid "" +"*kw_only*: If true, this field will be marked as keyword-only. This is used " +"when the generated :meth:`~object.__init__` method's parameters are " +"computed." +msgstr "" +"*kw_only*: 如为真值，则该字段将被标记为仅限关键字的。 这将在计算所生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"方法的形参时被使用。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:310 +msgid "Keyword-only fields are also not included in :attr:`!__match_args__`." +msgstr "仅限关键字字段也不会被包括在 :attr:`!__match_args__` 中。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:314 +msgid "" +"If the default value of a field is specified by a call to :func:`!field`, " +"then the class attribute for this field will be replaced by the specified " +"*default* value. If *default* is not provided, then the class attribute " +"will be deleted. The intent is that after the :func:`@dataclass " +"` decorator runs, the class attributes will all contain the " +"default values for the fields, just as if the default value itself were " +"specified. For example, after::" +msgstr "" +"如果通过对 :func:`!field` 的调用来指定字段的默认值，那么该字段对应的类属性将被替换为指定的 *default* 值。 如果没有提供 " +"*default*，那么该类属性将被删除。 其意图是在 :func:`@dataclass ` " +"装饰器运行之后，该类属性将包含所有字段的默认值，就像直接指定了默认值本身一样。 例如，在执行以下代码之后::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:323 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int = field(repr=False)\n" +" z: int = field(repr=False, default=10)\n" +" t: int = 20" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int = field(repr=False)\n" +" z: int = field(repr=False, default=10)\n" +" t: int = 20" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The class attribute :attr:`!C.z` will be ``10``, the class attribute " +":attr:`!C.t` will be ``20``, and the class attributes :attr:`!C.x` and " +":attr:`!C.y` will not be set." +msgstr "" +"类属性 :attr:`!C.z` 将为 ``10``，类属性 :attr:`!C.t` 将为 ``20``，类属性 :attr:`!C.x` 和 " +":attr:`!C.y` 将不被设置。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:336 +msgid "" +":class:`!Field` objects describe each defined field. These objects are " +"created internally, and are returned by the :func:`fields` module-level " +"method (see below). Users should never instantiate a :class:`!Field` object" +" directly. Its documented attributes are:" +msgstr "" +":class:`!Field` 对象描述每个已定义的字段。 这些对象是在内部创建的，并会由 :func:`fields` 模块块方法返回（见下文）。 " +"用户绝不应直接实例化 :class:`!Field` 对象。 已写入文档的属性如下：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:341 +msgid ":attr:`!name`: The name of the field." +msgstr ":attr:`!name`: 字段的名称。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:342 +msgid ":attr:`!type`: The type of the field." +msgstr ":attr:`!type`: 字段的类型。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:343 +msgid "" +":attr:`!default`, :attr:`!default_factory`, :attr:`!init`, :attr:`!repr`, " +":attr:`!hash`, :attr:`!compare`, :attr:`!metadata`, and :attr:`!kw_only` " +"have the identical meaning and values as they do in the :func:`field` " +"function." +msgstr "" +":attr:`!default`, :attr:`!default_factory`, :attr:`!init`, :attr:`!repr`, " +":attr:`!hash`, :attr:`!compare`, :attr:`!metadata` 和 :attr:`!kw_only` 具有与 " +":func:`field` 函数中对应参数相同的含义和值。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Other attributes may exist, but they are private and must not be inspected " +"or relied on." +msgstr "可能存在其他属性，但它们是私有的。用户不应检查或依赖于这些属性。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:352 +msgid "" +"``InitVar[T]`` type annotations describe variables that are :ref:`init-only " +"`. Fields annotated with :class:`!InitVar` " +"are considered pseudo-fields, and thus are neither returned by the " +":func:`fields` function nor used in any way except adding them as parameters" +" to :meth:`~object.__init__` and an optional :meth:`__post_init__`." +msgstr "" +"``InitVar[T]`` 类型标注用于描述 :ref:`仅限初始化 ` 变量。 " +"使用 :class:`!InitVar` 标注的字段将被视作伪字段，因此既不会被 :func:`fields` 函数返回也不会在除了作为传给 " +":meth:`~object.__init__` 的和可选的 :meth:`__post_init__` 的形参添加之外以任何方式被使用。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:361 +msgid "" +"Returns a tuple of :class:`Field` objects that define the fields for this " +"dataclass. Accepts either a dataclass, or an instance of a dataclass. " +"Raises :exc:`TypeError` if not passed a dataclass or instance of one. Does " +"not return pseudo-fields which are ``ClassVar`` or ``InitVar``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个能描述此数据类所包含的字段的元组，元组的每一项都是 :class:`Field` " +"对象。接受数据类或数据类的实例。如果没有传递一个数据类或实例将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。不返回 ``ClassVar`` 或 " +"``InitVar`` 等伪字段。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Converts the dataclass *obj* to a dict (by using the factory function " +"*dict_factory*). Each dataclass is converted to a dict of its fields, as " +"``name: value`` pairs. dataclasses, dicts, lists, and tuples are recursed " +"into. Other objects are copied with :func:`copy.deepcopy`." +msgstr "" +"将数据类 *obj* 转换为一个字典 (使用工厂函数 *dict_factory*)。 每个数据类会被转换为以 ``name: value`` " +"键值对来存储其字段的字典。 数据类、字典、列表和元组会被递归地处理。 其他对象会通过 :func:`copy.deepcopy` 来拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:374 +msgid "Example of using :func:`!asdict` on nested dataclasses::" +msgstr "在嵌套的数据类上使用 :func:`!asdict` 的例子::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:376 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" mylist: list[Point]\n" +"\n" +"p = Point(10, 20)\n" +"assert asdict(p) == {'x': 10, 'y': 20}\n" +"\n" +"c = C([Point(0, 0), Point(10, 4)])\n" +"assert asdict(c) == {'mylist': [{'x': 0, 'y': 0}, {'x': 10, 'y': 4}]}" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" mylist: list[Point]\n" +"\n" +"p = Point(10, 20)\n" +"assert asdict(p) == {'x': 10, 'y': 20}\n" +"\n" +"c = C([Point(0, 0), Point(10, 4)])\n" +"assert asdict(c) == {'mylist': [{'x': 0, 'y': 0}, {'x': 10, 'y': 4}]}" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:391 ../../library/dataclasses.rst:411 +msgid "To create a shallow copy, the following workaround may be used::" +msgstr "要创建一个浅拷贝，可以使用以下的变通方法：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:393 +msgid "{field.name: getattr(obj, field.name) for field in fields(obj)}" +msgstr "{field.name: getattr(obj, field.name) for field in fields(obj)}" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:395 +msgid "" +":func:`!asdict` raises :exc:`TypeError` if *obj* is not a dataclass " +"instance." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 不是一个数据类实例则 :func:`!asdict` 将引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Converts the dataclass *obj* to a tuple (by using the factory function " +"*tuple_factory*). Each dataclass is converted to a tuple of its field " +"values. dataclasses, dicts, lists, and tuples are recursed into. Other " +"objects are copied with :func:`copy.deepcopy`." +msgstr "" +"将数据类 *obj* 转换为元组 (使用工厂函数 *tuple_factory*)。 每个数据类将被转换为由其字段值组成的元组。 " +"数据类、字典、列表和元组会被递归地处理。 其他对象会通过 :func:`copy.deepcopy` 来拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:406 +msgid "Continuing from the previous example::" +msgstr "继续前一个例子：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:408 +msgid "" +"assert astuple(p) == (10, 20)\n" +"assert astuple(c) == ([(0, 0), (10, 4)],)" +msgstr "" +"assert astuple(p) == (10, 20)\n" +"assert astuple(c) == ([(0, 0), (10, 4)],)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:413 +msgid "tuple(getattr(obj, field.name) for field in dataclasses.fields(obj))" +msgstr "tuple(getattr(obj, field.name) for field in dataclasses.fields(obj))" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:415 +msgid "" +":func:`!astuple` raises :exc:`TypeError` if *obj* is not a dataclass " +"instance." +msgstr "如果 *obj* 不是一个数据类实例则 :func:`!astuple` 将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Creates a new dataclass with name *cls_name*, fields as defined in *fields*," +" base classes as given in *bases*, and initialized with a namespace as given" +" in *namespace*. *fields* is an iterable whose elements are each either " +"``name``, ``(name, type)``, or ``(name, type, Field)``. If just ``name`` is" +" supplied, :data:`typing.Any` is used for ``type``. The values of *init*, " +"*repr*, *eq*, *order*, *unsafe_hash*, *frozen*, *match_args*, *kw_only*, " +"*slots*, and *weakref_slot* have the same meaning as they do in " +":func:`@dataclass `." +msgstr "" +"新建一个名为 *cls_name* 的数据类，其字段在 *fields* 中定义，其基类在 *bases* 中给出，并使用在 *namespace* " +"中给定的命名空间来初始化。 *fields* 是一个可迭代对象，其中每个元素均为 ``name``, ``(name, type)`` 或 " +"``(name, type, Field)`` 的形式。 如果只提供了 ``name``，则使用 :data:`typing.Any` 作为 " +"``type``。 *init*, *repr*, *eq*, *order*, *unsafe_hash*, *frozen*, " +"*match_args*, *kw_only*, *slots* 和 *weakref_slot* 值的含义与 :func:`@dataclass " +"` 中的同名参数一致。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:430 +msgid "" +"If *module* is defined, the :attr:`!__module__` attribute of the dataclass " +"is set to that value. By default, it is set to the module name of the " +"caller." +msgstr "" +"如果定义了 *module*，则该数据类的 :attr:`!__module__` 属性将被设为该值。 在默认情况下，它将被设为调用方的模块名。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:434 +msgid "" +"This function is not strictly required, because any Python mechanism for " +"creating a new class with :attr:`!__annotations__` can then apply the " +":func:`@dataclass ` function to convert that class to a " +"dataclass. This function is provided as a convenience. For example::" +msgstr "" +"此函数不是必需的，因为任何用于创建带有 :attr:`!__annotations__` 的新类的 Python 机制都可以进一步用 " +":func:`@dataclass ` 函数将创建的类转换为数据类。 提供此函数是为了方便。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:440 +msgid "" +"C = make_dataclass('C',\n" +" [('x', int),\n" +" 'y',\n" +" ('z', int, field(default=5))],\n" +" namespace={'add_one': lambda self: self.x + 1})" +msgstr "" +"C = make_dataclass('C',\n" +" [('x', int),\n" +" 'y',\n" +" ('z', int, field(default=5))],\n" +" namespace={'add_one': lambda self: self.x + 1})" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:446 +msgid "Is equivalent to::" +msgstr "等价于：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:448 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: 'typing.Any'\n" +" z: int = 5\n" +"\n" +" def add_one(self):\n" +" return self.x + 1" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: 'typing.Any'\n" +" z: int = 5\n" +"\n" +" def add_one(self):\n" +" return self.x + 1" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:459 +msgid "" +"Creates a new object of the same type as *obj*, replacing fields with values" +" from *changes*. If *obj* is not a Data Class, raises :exc:`TypeError`. If" +" keys in *changes* are not field names of the given dataclass, raises " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"创建一个与 *obj* 类型相同的新对象，将字段替换为 *changes* 的值。 如果 *obj* 不是数据类，则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 如果 *changes* 中的键不是给定数据类的字段名，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:464 +msgid "" +"The newly returned object is created by calling the :meth:`~object.__init__`" +" method of the dataclass. This ensures that :meth:`__post_init__`, if " +"present, is also called." +msgstr "" +"新返回的对象是通过调用数据类的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法来创建的。 这确保了如果存在 " +":meth:`__post_init__`，则它也会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:468 +msgid "" +"Init-only variables without default values, if any exist, must be specified " +"on the call to :func:`!replace` so that they can be passed to " +":meth:`!__init__` and :meth:`__post_init__`." +msgstr "" +"如果存在任何没有默认值的仅初始化变量，那么必须在调用 :func:`!replace` 时指定它们的值，以便它们可以被传递给 " +":meth:`!__init__` 和 :meth:`__post_init__`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:472 +msgid "" +"It is an error for *changes* to contain any fields that are defined as " +"having ``init=False``. A :exc:`ValueError` will be raised in this case." +msgstr "" +"如果 *changes* 包含被任何定义为 defined as having ``init=False`` 的字段都会导致错误。 在此情况下将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:476 +msgid "" +"Be forewarned about how ``init=False`` fields work during a call to " +":func:`!replace`. They are not copied from the source object, but rather " +"are initialized in :meth:`__post_init__`, if they're initialized at all. It" +" is expected that ``init=False`` fields will be rarely and judiciously used." +" If they are used, it might be wise to have alternate class constructors, " +"or perhaps a custom :func:`!replace` (or similarly named) method which " +"handles instance copying." +msgstr "" +"需要预先注意 ``init=False`` 字段在对 :func:`!replace` 的调用期间的行为。 " +"如果它们会被初始化，它们就不会从源对象拷贝，而是在 :meth:`__post_init__` 中初始化。 通常预期 ``init=False`` " +"字段将很少能被正确地使用。 如果要使用它们，那么更明智的做法是使用另外的类构造器，或者自定义的 :func:`!replace` (或类似名称) " +"方法来处理实例的拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:485 +msgid "" +"Dataclass instances are also supported by generic function " +":func:`copy.replace`." +msgstr "数据类支持也被泛型函数 :func:`copy.replace` 所支持。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:489 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if its parameter is a dataclass (including subclasses of a " +"dataclass) or an instance of one, otherwise return ``False``." +msgstr "如果其形参是一个 dataclass（包括 dataclass 的子类）或其实例则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:492 +msgid "" +"If you need to know if a class is an instance of a dataclass (and not a " +"dataclass itself), then add a further check for ``not isinstance(obj, " +"type)``::" +msgstr "" +"如果你需要知道一个类是否是一个数据类的实例（而不是一个数据类本身），那么再添加一个 ``not isinstance(obj, type)`` 检查：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:496 +msgid "" +"def is_dataclass_instance(obj):\n" +" return is_dataclass(obj) and not isinstance(obj, type)" +msgstr "" +"def is_dataclass_instance(obj):\n" +" return is_dataclass(obj) and not isinstance(obj, type)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:501 +msgid "A sentinel value signifying a missing default or default_factory." +msgstr "一个指明“没有提供 default 或 default_factory”的监视值。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:505 +msgid "" +"A sentinel value used as a type annotation. Any fields after a pseudo-field" +" with the type of :const:`!KW_ONLY` are marked as keyword-only fields. Note" +" that a pseudo-field of type :const:`!KW_ONLY` is otherwise completely " +"ignored. This includes the name of such a field. By convention, a name of " +"``_`` is used for a :const:`!KW_ONLY` field. Keyword-only fields signify " +":meth:`~object.__init__` parameters that must be specified as keywords when " +"the class is instantiated." +msgstr "" +"一个用途类型标的监视值。 任何在伪字段之后的类型为 :const:`!KW_ONLY` 的字段会被标记为仅限关键字的字段。 请注意在其他情况下 " +":const:`!KW_ONLY` 类型的伪字段会被完全忽略。 这包括此类字段的名称。 根据惯例，名称 ``_`` 会被用作 " +":const:`!KW_ONLY` 字段。 仅限关键字字段指明当类被实例化时 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"形参必须以关键字形式来指定。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:514 +msgid "" +"In this example, the fields ``y`` and ``z`` will be marked as keyword-only " +"fields::" +msgstr "在这个例子中，字段 ``y`` 和 ``z`` 将被标记为仅限关键字字段::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:516 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: float\n" +" _: KW_ONLY\n" +" y: float\n" +" z: float\n" +"\n" +"p = Point(0, y=1.5, z=2.0)" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: float\n" +" _: KW_ONLY\n" +" y: float\n" +" z: float\n" +"\n" +"p = Point(0, y=1.5, z=2.0)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:525 +msgid "" +"In a single dataclass, it is an error to specify more than one field whose " +"type is :const:`!KW_ONLY`." +msgstr "在单个数据类中，指定一个以上 :const:`!KW_ONLY` 类型的字段将导致错误。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:532 +msgid "" +"Raised when an implicitly defined :meth:`~object.__setattr__` or " +":meth:`~object.__delattr__` is called on a dataclass which was defined with " +"``frozen=True``. It is a subclass of :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"在定义时设置了 ``frozen=True`` 的类上调用隐式定义的 :meth:`~object.__setattr__` 或 " +":meth:`~object.__delattr__` 时引发。 这是 :exc:`AttributeError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:539 +msgid "Post-init processing" +msgstr "初始化后处理" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:543 +msgid "" +"When defined on the class, it will be called by the generated " +":meth:`~object.__init__`, normally as :meth:`!self.__post_init__`. However, " +"if any ``InitVar`` fields are defined, they will also be passed to " +":meth:`!__post_init__` in the order they were defined in the class. If no " +":meth:`!__init__` method is generated, then :meth:`!__post_init__` will not " +"automatically be called." +msgstr "" +"当在类上定义时，它将被所生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 调用，通常是以 :meth:`!self.__post_init__`" +" 的形式。 但是，如果定义了任何 ``InitVar`` 字段，它们也将按照它们在类中定义的顺序被传递给 :meth:`!__post_init__`。" +" 如果没有生成 :meth:`!__init__` 方法，那么 :meth:`!__post_init__` 将不会被自动调用。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Among other uses, this allows for initializing field values that depend on " +"one or more other fields. For example::" +msgstr "在其他用途中，这允许初始化依赖于一个或多个其他字段的字段值。例如::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:553 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" a: float\n" +" b: float\n" +" c: float = field(init=False)\n" +"\n" +" def __post_init__(self):\n" +" self.c = self.a + self.b" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" a: float\n" +" b: float\n" +" c: float = field(init=False)\n" +"\n" +" def __post_init__(self):\n" +" self.c = self.a + self.b" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:562 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__init__` method generated by :func:`@dataclass " +"` does not call base class :meth:`!__init__` methods. If the base" +" class has an :meth:`!__init__` method that has to be called, it is common " +"to call this method in a :meth:`__post_init__` method::" +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`@dataclass ` 生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法不会调用基类的 " +":meth:`!__init__` 方法。 如果基类有必须被调用的 :meth:`!__init__` 方法，通常是在 " +":meth:`__post_init__` 方法中调用此方法::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:567 +msgid "" +"class Rectangle:\n" +" def __init__(self, height, width):\n" +" self.height = height\n" +" self.width = width\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Square(Rectangle):\n" +" side: float\n" +"\n" +" def __post_init__(self):\n" +" super().__init__(self.side, self.side)" +msgstr "" +"class Rectangle:\n" +" def __init__(self, height, width):\n" +" self.height = height\n" +" self.width = width\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Square(Rectangle):\n" +" side: float\n" +"\n" +" def __post_init__(self):\n" +" super().__init__(self.side, self.side)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:579 +msgid "" +"Note, however, that in general the dataclass-generated :meth:`!__init__` " +"methods don't need to be called, since the derived dataclass will take care " +"of initializing all fields of any base class that is a dataclass itself." +msgstr "" +"但是，请注意一般来说数据类生成的 :meth:`!__init__` 方法不需要被调用，因为派生的数据类将负责初始化任何本身为数据类的基类的所有字段。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:583 +msgid "" +"See the section below on init-only variables for ways to pass parameters to " +":meth:`!__post_init__`. Also see the warning about how :func:`replace` " +"handles ``init=False`` fields." +msgstr "" +"请参阅下面有关仅初始化变量的小节来了解如何将形参传递给 :meth:`!__post_init__`。 另请参阅关于 :func:`replace` " +"如何处理 ``init=False`` 字段的警告。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:590 +msgid "Class variables" +msgstr "类变量" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:592 +msgid "" +"One of the few places where :func:`@dataclass ` actually inspects" +" the type of a field is to determine if a field is a class variable as " +"defined in :pep:`526`. It does this by checking if the type of the field is" +" :data:`typing.ClassVar`. If a field is a ``ClassVar``, it is excluded from" +" consideration as a field and is ignored by the dataclass mechanisms. Such " +"``ClassVar`` pseudo-fields are not returned by the module-level " +":func:`fields` function." +msgstr "" +"少数几个 :func:`@dataclass ` 会实际检查字段类型的地方之一是确定字段是否为如 :pep:`526` " +"所定义的类变量。 它通过检查字段的类型是否为 :data:`typing.ClassVar` 来实现这一点。 如果一个字段是 " +"``ClassVar``，它将被排除在考虑范围之外并被数据类机制所忽略。 这样的 ``ClassVar`` 伪字段将不会被模块层级的 " +":func:`fields` 函数返回。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:603 +msgid "Init-only variables" +msgstr "仅初始化变量" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:605 +msgid "" +"Another place where :func:`@dataclass ` inspects a type " +"annotation is to determine if a field is an init-only variable. It does " +"this by seeing if the type of a field is of type :class:`InitVar`. If a " +"field is an :class:`InitVar`, it is considered a pseudo-field called an " +"init-only field. As it is not a true field, it is not returned by the " +"module-level :func:`fields` function. Init-only fields are added as " +"parameters to the generated :meth:`~object.__init__` method, and are passed " +"to the optional :meth:`__post_init__` method. They are not otherwise used " +"by dataclasses." +msgstr "" +"另一个 :func:`@dataclass ` 会检查类型标注的地方是为了确定一个字段是否为仅限初始化的变量。 " +"它通过检查字段的类型是否为 :class:`InitVar` 类型来做到这一点。 如果一个字段是 " +":class:`InitVar`，它会被当作是一个名为仅限初始化字段的伪字段。 因为它不是一个真正的字段，所以它不会被模块层级的 " +":func:`fields` 函数返回。 仅限初始化字段会作为形参被添加到所生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"方法中，并会被传递给可选的 :meth:`__post_init__` 方法。 在其他情况下它们将不会被类所使用。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:615 +msgid "" +"For example, suppose a field will be initialized from a database, if a value" +" is not provided when creating the class::" +msgstr "例如，假设在创建类时没有为某个字段提供值，初始化时将从数据库中取值::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:618 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" i: int\n" +" j: int | None = None\n" +" database: InitVar[DatabaseType | None] = None\n" +"\n" +" def __post_init__(self, database):\n" +" if self.j is None and database is not None:\n" +" self.j = database.lookup('j')\n" +"\n" +"c = C(10, database=my_database)" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C:\n" +" i: int\n" +" j: int | None = None\n" +" database: InitVar[DatabaseType | None] = None\n" +"\n" +" def __post_init__(self, database):\n" +" if self.j is None and database is not None:\n" +" self.j = database.lookup('j')\n" +"\n" +"c = C(10, database=my_database)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:630 +msgid "" +"In this case, :func:`fields` will return :class:`Field` objects for " +":attr:`!i` and :attr:`!j`, but not for :attr:`!database`." +msgstr "" +"在这种情况下，:func:`fields` 将返回 :class:`Field` 作为 :attr:`!i` 和 :attr:`!j`，但不包括 " +":attr:`!database`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:636 +msgid "Frozen instances" +msgstr "冻结的实例" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:638 +msgid "" +"It is not possible to create truly immutable Python objects. However, by " +"passing ``frozen=True`` to the :func:`@dataclass ` decorator you " +"can emulate immutability. In that case, dataclasses will add " +":meth:`~object.__setattr__` and :meth:`~object.__delattr__` methods to the " +"class. These methods will raise a :exc:`FrozenInstanceError` when invoked." +msgstr "" +"创建真正不可变的 Python 对象是不可能的。 但是，你可以通过将 ``frozen=True`` 传递给 :func:`@dataclass " +"` 装饰器来模拟出不可变性。 在这种情况下，数据类将向类添加 :meth:`~object.__setattr__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__delattr__` 方法。 当被唤起时这些方法将会引发 :exc:`FrozenInstanceError`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:644 +msgid "" +"There is a tiny performance penalty when using ``frozen=True``: " +":meth:`~object.__init__` cannot use simple assignment to initialize fields, " +"and must use :meth:`!object.__setattr__`." +msgstr "" +"在使用 ``frozen=True`` 时会有微小的性能损失: :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"不能使用简单赋值来初始化字段，而必须使用 :meth:`!object.__setattr__`。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:653 +msgid "Inheritance" +msgstr "继承" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:655 +msgid "" +"When the dataclass is being created by the :func:`@dataclass ` " +"decorator, it looks through all of the class's base classes in reverse MRO " +"(that is, starting at :class:`object`) and, for each dataclass that it " +"finds, adds the fields from that base class to an ordered mapping of fields." +" After all of the base class fields are added, it adds its own fields to the" +" ordered mapping. All of the generated methods will use this combined, " +"calculated ordered mapping of fields. Because the fields are in insertion " +"order, derived classes override base classes. An example::" +msgstr "" +"当数据类由 :func:`@dataclass ` 装饰器创建时，它会按反向 MRO 顺序（也就是说，从 " +":class:`object` 开始）查看它的所有基类，并将找到的每个数据类的字段添加到一个有序映射中。 所有生成的方法都将使用这个有序映射。 " +"字段会遵守它们被插入的顺序，因此派生类会重写基类。 一个例子::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:665 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Base:\n" +" x: Any = 15.0\n" +" y: int = 0\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C(Base):\n" +" z: int = 10\n" +" x: int = 15" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Base:\n" +" x: Any = 15.0\n" +" y: int = 0\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class C(Base):\n" +" z: int = 10\n" +" x: int = 15" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:675 +msgid "" +"The final list of fields is, in order, :attr:`!x`, :attr:`!y`, :attr:`!z`. " +"The final type of :attr:`!x` is :class:`int`, as specified in class " +":class:`!C`." +msgstr "" +"最终的字段列表依次是 :attr:`!x`, :attr:`!y`, :attr:`!z`。 最终的 :attr:`!x` 类型是 " +":class:`int`，正如类 :class:`!C` 中所指定的。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:678 +msgid "" +"The generated :meth:`~object.__init__` method for :class:`!C` will look " +"like::" +msgstr "为 :class:`!C` 生成的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法看起来像是这样::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:680 +msgid "def __init__(self, x: int = 15, y: int = 0, z: int = 10):" +msgstr "def __init__(self, x: int = 15, y: int = 0, z: int = 10):" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:683 +msgid "Re-ordering of keyword-only parameters in :meth:`!__init__`" +msgstr ":meth:`!__init__` 中仅限关键字形参的重新排序" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:685 +msgid "" +"After the parameters needed for :meth:`~object.__init__` are computed, any " +"keyword-only parameters are moved to come after all regular (non-keyword-" +"only) parameters. This is a requirement of how keyword-only parameters are " +"implemented in Python: they must come after non-keyword-only parameters." +msgstr "" +"在计算出 :meth:`~object.__init__` 所需要的形参之后，任何仅限关键字形参会被移至所有常规（非仅限关键字）形参的后面。 这是 " +"Python 中实现仅限关键字形参所要求的：它们必须位于非仅限关键字形参之后。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:691 +msgid "" +"In this example, :attr:`!Base.y`, :attr:`!Base.w`, and :attr:`!D.t` are " +"keyword-only fields, and :attr:`!Base.x` and :attr:`!D.z` are regular " +"fields::" +msgstr "" +"在这个例子中，:attr:`!Base.y`, :attr:`!Base.w` 和 :attr:`!D.t` 是仅限关键字字段，而 " +":attr:`!Base.x` 和 :attr:`!D.z` 是常规字段::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:694 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Base:\n" +" x: Any = 15.0\n" +" _: KW_ONLY\n" +" y: int = 0\n" +" w: int = 1\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class D(Base):\n" +" z: int = 10\n" +" t: int = field(kw_only=True, default=0)" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Base:\n" +" x: Any = 15.0\n" +" _: KW_ONLY\n" +" y: int = 0\n" +" w: int = 1\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class D(Base):\n" +" z: int = 10\n" +" t: int = field(kw_only=True, default=0)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:706 +msgid "" +"The generated :meth:`!__init__` method for :class:`!D` will look like::" +msgstr "为 :class:`!D` 生成的 :meth:`!__init__` 方法看起来像是这样::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:708 +msgid "" +"def __init__(self, x: Any = 15.0, z: int = 10, *, y: int = 0, w: int = 1, t:" +" int = 0):" +msgstr "" +"def __init__(self, x: Any = 15.0, z: int = 10, *, y: int = 0, w: int = 1, t:" +" int = 0):" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:710 +msgid "" +"Note that the parameters have been re-ordered from how they appear in the " +"list of fields: parameters derived from regular fields are followed by " +"parameters derived from keyword-only fields." +msgstr "请注意形参原来在字段列表中出现的位置已被重新排序：前面是来自常规字段的形参而后面是来自仅限关键字字段的形参。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:714 +msgid "" +"The relative ordering of keyword-only parameters is maintained in the re-" +"ordered :meth:`!__init__` parameter list." +msgstr "仅限关键字形参的相对顺序会在重新排序的 :meth:`!__init__` 列表中保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:719 +msgid "Default factory functions" +msgstr "默认工厂函数" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:721 +msgid "" +"If a :func:`field` specifies a *default_factory*, it is called with zero " +"arguments when a default value for the field is needed. For example, to " +"create a new instance of a list, use::" +msgstr "" +"如果一个 :func:`field` 指定了 *default_factory*，它将在该字段需要默认值时不带参数地被调用。 " +"例如，要创建一个列表的新实例，则使用::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:725 +msgid "mylist: list = field(default_factory=list)" +msgstr "mylist: list = field(default_factory=list)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:727 +msgid "" +"If a field is excluded from :meth:`~object.__init__` (using ``init=False``) " +"and the field also specifies *default_factory*, then the default factory " +"function will always be called from the generated :meth:`!__init__` " +"function. This happens because there is no other way to give the field an " +"initial value." +msgstr "" +"如果一个字段被排除在 :meth:`~object.__init__` 之外 (使用 ``init=False``) 并且该字段还指定了 " +"*default_factory*，则默认的工厂函数将总是会从生成的 :meth:`!__init__` 函数中被调用。 " +"发生这种情况是因为没有其他方式能为字段提供初始值。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:734 +msgid "Mutable default values" +msgstr "可变的默认值" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:736 +msgid "" +"Python stores default member variable values in class attributes. Consider " +"this example, not using dataclasses::" +msgstr "Python 在类属性中存储默认成员变量值。思考这个例子，不使用数据类::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:739 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" x = []\n" +" def add(self, element):\n" +" self.x.append(element)\n" +"\n" +"o1 = C()\n" +"o2 = C()\n" +"o1.add(1)\n" +"o2.add(2)\n" +"assert o1.x == [1, 2]\n" +"assert o1.x is o2.x" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" x = []\n" +" def add(self, element):\n" +" self.x.append(element)\n" +"\n" +"o1 = C()\n" +"o2 = C()\n" +"o1.add(1)\n" +"o2.add(2)\n" +"assert o1.x == [1, 2]\n" +"assert o1.x is o2.x" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:751 +msgid "" +"Note that the two instances of class :class:`!C` share the same class " +"variable :attr:`!x`, as expected." +msgstr "请注意类 :class:`!C` 的两个实例将共享同一个类变量 :attr:`!x`，正如预期的那样。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:754 +msgid "Using dataclasses, *if* this code was valid::" +msgstr "使用数据类，*如果* 此代码有效：" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:756 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class D:\n" +" x: list = [] # This code raises ValueError\n" +" def add(self, element):\n" +" self.x.append(element)" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class D:\n" +" x: list = [] # 此代码将引发 ValueError\n" +" def add(self, element):\n" +" self.x.append(element)" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:762 +msgid "it would generate code similar to::" +msgstr "它生成的代码类似于::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:764 +msgid "" +"class D:\n" +" x = []\n" +" def __init__(self, x=x):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" def add(self, element):\n" +" self.x.append(element)\n" +"\n" +"assert D().x is D().x" +msgstr "" +"class D:\n" +" x = []\n" +" def __init__(self, x=x):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" def add(self, element):\n" +" self.x.append(element)\n" +"\n" +"assert D().x is D().x" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:773 +msgid "" +"This has the same issue as the original example using class :class:`!C`. " +"That is, two instances of class :class:`!D` that do not specify a value for " +":attr:`!x` when creating a class instance will share the same copy of " +":attr:`!x`. Because dataclasses just use normal Python class creation they " +"also share this behavior. There is no general way for Data Classes to " +"detect this condition. Instead, the :func:`@dataclass ` " +"decorator will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if it detects an unhashable default" +" parameter. The assumption is that if a value is unhashable, it is mutable." +" This is a partial solution, but it does protect against many common " +"errors." +msgstr "" +"这具有与使用 :class:`!C` 类的原始示例相同的问题。 也就是说，当创建类实例时如果 :class:`!D` 类的两个实例没有为 " +":attr:`!x` 指定值则将共享同一个 :attr:`!x` 的副本。 因为数据类只是使用普通的 Python 类创建方式所以它们也会共享此行为。 " +"数据类没有任何通用方式来检测这种情况。 相反地，:func:`@dataclass ` 装饰器在检测到不可哈希的默认形参时将会引发" +" :exc:`ValueError`。 这一行为假定如果一个值是不可哈希的，则它就是可变对象。 这是一个部分解决方案，但它确实能防止许多常见错误。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Using default factory functions is a way to create new instances of mutable " +"types as default values for fields::" +msgstr "使用默认工厂函数是一种创建可变类型新实例的方法，并将其作为字段的默认值::" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:787 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class D:\n" +" x: list = field(default_factory=list)\n" +"\n" +"assert D().x is not D().x" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class D:\n" +" x: list = field(default_factory=list)\n" +"\n" +"assert D().x is not D().x" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:793 +msgid "" +"Instead of looking for and disallowing objects of type :class:`list`, " +":class:`dict`, or :class:`set`, unhashable objects are now not allowed as " +"default values. Unhashability is used to approximate mutability." +msgstr "" +"现在不再是寻找并阻止使用类型为 :class:`list`, :class:`dict` 或 :class:`set` " +"的对象，而是不允许将不可哈希的对象用作默认值。 就是不可哈希性被作为不可变性的近似物了。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:800 +msgid "Descriptor-typed fields" +msgstr "描述器类型的字段" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:802 +msgid "" +"Fields that are assigned :ref:`descriptor objects ` as their " +"default value have the following special behaviors:" +msgstr "当字段被 :ref:`描述器对象 ` 赋值为默认值时会遵循以下行为:" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:805 +msgid "" +"The value for the field passed to the dataclass's :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"method is passed to the descriptor's :meth:`~object.__set__` method rather " +"than overwriting the descriptor object." +msgstr "" +"传递给数据类的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法的字段值会被传递给描述器的 :meth:`~object.__set__` " +"方法而不会覆盖描述器对象。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Similarly, when getting or setting the field, the descriptor's " +":meth:`~object.__get__` or :meth:`!__set__` method is called rather than " +"returning or overwriting the descriptor object." +msgstr "" +"类似地，当获取或设置字段值时，将调用描述器的 :meth:`~object.__get__` 或 :meth:`!__set__` " +"方法而不是返回或重写描述器对象。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:813 +msgid "" +"To determine whether a field contains a default value, :func:`@dataclass " +"` will call the descriptor's :meth:`!__get__` method using its " +"class access form: ``descriptor.__get__(obj=None, type=cls)``. If the " +"descriptor returns a value in this case, it will be used as the field's " +"default. On the other hand, if the descriptor raises :exc:`AttributeError` " +"in this situation, no default value will be provided for the field." +msgstr "" +"为了确定一个字段是否包含默认值，:func:`@dataclass ` 会使用类访问形式调用描述器的 " +":meth:`!__get__` 方法: ``descriptor.__get__(obj=None, type=cls)``。 " +"如果在此情况下描述器返回了一个值，它将被用作字段的默认值。 另一方面，如果在此情况下描述器引发了 " +":exc:`AttributeError`，则不会为字段提供默认值。" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:823 +msgid "" +"class IntConversionDescriptor:\n" +" def __init__(self, *, default):\n" +" self._default = default\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self._name = \"_\" + name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, type):\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self._default\n" +"\n" +" return getattr(obj, self._name, self._default)\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" setattr(obj, self._name, int(value))\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class InventoryItem:\n" +" quantity_on_hand: IntConversionDescriptor = IntConversionDescriptor(default=100)\n" +"\n" +"i = InventoryItem()\n" +"print(i.quantity_on_hand) # 100\n" +"i.quantity_on_hand = 2.5 # calls __set__ with 2.5\n" +"print(i.quantity_on_hand) # 2" +msgstr "" +"class IntConversionDescriptor:\n" +" def __init__(self, *, default):\n" +" self._default = default\n" +"\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self._name = \"_\" + name\n" +"\n" +" def __get__(self, obj, type):\n" +" if obj is None:\n" +" return self._default\n" +"\n" +" return getattr(obj, self._name, self._default)\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, obj, value):\n" +" setattr(obj, self._name, int(value))\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class InventoryItem:\n" +" quantity_on_hand: IntConversionDescriptor = IntConversionDescriptor(default=100)\n" +"\n" +"i = InventoryItem()\n" +"print(i.quantity_on_hand) # 100\n" +"i.quantity_on_hand = 2.5 # 调用 __set__ 并传入 2.5\n" +"print(i.quantity_on_hand) # 2" + +#: ../../library/dataclasses.rst:848 +msgid "" +"Note that if a field is annotated with a descriptor type, but is not " +"assigned a descriptor object as its default value, the field will act like a" +" normal field." +msgstr "若一个字段的类型是描述器，但其默认值并不是描述器对象，那么该字段只会像普通的字段一样工作。" diff --git a/library/datatypes.po b/library/datatypes.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb22e3812 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/datatypes.po @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# Hao S , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Hao S , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/datatypes.rst:5 +msgid "Data Types" +msgstr "数据类型" + +#: ../../library/datatypes.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized data " +"types such as dates and times, fixed-type arrays, heap queues, double-ended " +"queues, and enumerations." +msgstr "本章所描述的模块提供了许多专门的数据类型，如日期和时间、固定类型的数组、堆队列、双端队列、以及枚举。" + +#: ../../library/datatypes.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Python also provides some built-in data types, in particular, :class:`dict`," +" :class:`list`, :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset`, and :class:`tuple`. " +"The :class:`str` class is used to hold Unicode strings, and the " +":class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` classes are used to hold binary data." +msgstr "" +"Python也提供一些内置数据类型，特别是，:class:`dict`、 " +":class:`list`、:class:`set`、:class:`frozenset`、以及 :class:`tuple`。:class:`str`" +" 这个类是用来存储Unicode字符串的，而 :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 这两个类是用来存储二进制数据的。" + +#: ../../library/datatypes.rst:17 +msgid "The following modules are documented in this chapter:" +msgstr "本章包含以下模块的文档：" diff --git a/library/datetime.po b/library/datetime.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c300ddfdf --- /dev/null +++ b/library/datetime.po @@ -0,0 +1,5171 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# emrich , 2021 +# Jack Wu , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Fu Hanxi , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# Trim21 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 1lin24 <1lin24@sina.com>, 2021 +# dogn he , 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# lit, 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# ProgramRipper, 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!datetime` --- Basic date and time types" +msgstr ":mod:`!datetime` --- 基本日期和时间类型" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/datetime.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/datetime.py`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!datetime` module supplies classes for manipulating dates and " +"times." +msgstr ":mod:`!datetime` 模块提供了用于操作日期和时间的类。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:19 +msgid "" +"While date and time arithmetic is supported, the focus of the implementation" +" is on efficient attribute extraction for output formatting and " +"manipulation." +msgstr "在支持日期时间数学运算的同时，实现的关注点更着重于如何能够更有效地解析其属性用于格式化输出和数据操作。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:24 +msgid "Skip to :ref:`the format codes `." +msgstr "跳到 :ref:`格式代码 `。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:28 +msgid "Module :mod:`calendar`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`calendar`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:29 +msgid "General calendar related functions." +msgstr "通用日历相关函数" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:31 +msgid "Module :mod:`time`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`time`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:32 +msgid "Time access and conversions." +msgstr "时间的访问和转换" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:34 +msgid "Module :mod:`zoneinfo`" +msgstr ":mod:`zoneinfo` 模块" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:35 +msgid "Concrete time zones representing the IANA time zone database." +msgstr "代表 IANA 时区数据库的具体时区。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:37 +msgid "Package `dateutil `_" +msgstr "`dateutil `_ 包" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:38 +msgid "Third-party library with expanded time zone and parsing support." +msgstr "具有扩展时区和解析支持的第三方库。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:40 +msgid "Package :pypi:`DateType`" +msgstr "包 :pypi:`DateType`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Third-party library that introduces distinct static types to e.g. allow " +":term:`static type checkers ` to differentiate between " +"naive and aware datetimes." +msgstr "" +"引入了几种独特的静态类型的第三方库，例如允许 :term:`静态类型检查器 ` 区分简单型和感知型日期时间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:48 +msgid "Aware and Naive Objects" +msgstr "感知型对象和简单型对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Date and time objects may be categorized as \"aware\" or \"naive\" depending" +" on whether or not they include time zone information." +msgstr "日期和时间对象可以根据它们是否包含时区信息而分为“感知型”和“简单型”两类。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:53 +msgid "" +"With sufficient knowledge of applicable algorithmic and political time " +"adjustments, such as time zone and daylight saving time information, an " +"**aware** object can locate itself relative to other aware objects. An aware" +" object represents a specific moment in time that is not open to " +"interpretation. [#]_" +msgstr "" +"充分掌握应用性算法和政治性时间调整信息例如时区和夏令时的情况下，一个 **感知型** 对象就能相对于其他感知型对象来精确定位自身时间点。 " +"感知型对象是用来表示一个没有解释空间的固定时间点。 [#]_" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:59 +msgid "" +"A **naive** object does not contain enough information to unambiguously " +"locate itself relative to other date/time objects. Whether a naive object " +"represents Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), local time, or time in some " +"other time zone is purely up to the program, just like it is up to the " +"program whether a particular number represents metres, miles, or mass. Naive" +" objects are easy to understand and to work with, at the cost of ignoring " +"some aspects of reality." +msgstr "" +"**简单型** 对象没有包含足够多的信息来无歧义地相对于其他 date/time 对象来定位自身时间点。 " +"不论一个简单型对象所代表的是世界标准时间（UTC）、当地时间还是某个其他时区的时间完全取决于具体程序，就像一个特定数字所代表的是米、英里还是质量完全取决于具体程序一样。" +" 简单型对象更易于理解和使用，代价则是忽略了某些现实性考量。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:66 +msgid "" +"For applications requiring aware objects, :class:`.datetime` and " +":class:`.time` objects have an optional time zone information attribute, " +":attr:`!tzinfo`, that can be set to an instance of a subclass of the " +"abstract :class:`tzinfo` class. These :class:`tzinfo` objects capture " +"information about the offset from UTC time, the time zone name, and whether " +"daylight saving time is in effect." +msgstr "" +"对于要求感知型对象的应用，:class:`.datetime` 和 :class:`.time` 对象具有一个可选的时区信息属性 " +":attr:`!tzinfo`，它可被设为抽象类 :class:`tzinfo` 的子类的一个实例。 这些 :class:`tzinfo` 对象会捕获与" +" UTC 时间的差值、时区名称以及夏令时是否生效等信息。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Only one concrete :class:`tzinfo` class, the :class:`timezone` class, is " +"supplied by the :mod:`!datetime` module. The :class:`!timezone` class can " +"represent simple time zones with fixed offsets from UTC, such as UTC itself " +"or North American EST and EDT time zones. Supporting time zones at deeper " +"levels of detail is up to the application. The rules for time adjustment " +"across the world are more political than rational, change frequently, and " +"there is no standard suitable for every application aside from UTC." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!datetime` 模块只提供了一个具体的 :class:`tzinfo` 类，即 :class:`timezone` 类。 " +":class:`!timezone` 类可以表示具有相对于 UTC 的固定时差的简单时区，例如 UTC 本身或北美 EST 和 EDT 时区等。 " +"支持时区的详细程度取决于具体的应用。 世界各地的时间调整规则往往是政治性多于合理性，经常会发生变化，除了 UTC 之外并没有一个能适合所有应用的标准。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:81 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:83 +msgid "The :mod:`!datetime` module exports the following constants:" +msgstr ":mod:`!datetime` 模块导出了以下常量：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:87 +msgid "" +"The smallest year number allowed in a :class:`date` or :class:`.datetime` " +"object. :const:`MINYEAR` is 1." +msgstr ":class:`date` 或 :class:`.datetime` 对象允许的最小年份数值。 :const:`MINYEAR` 为 1。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The largest year number allowed in a :class:`date` or :class:`.datetime` " +"object. :const:`MAXYEAR` is 9999." +msgstr "" +":class:`date` 或 :class:`.datetime` 对象允许的最大年份数值。 :const:`MAXYEAR` 为 9999。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:98 +msgid "Alias for the UTC time zone singleton :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`." +msgstr "UTC 时区单例 :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:103 +msgid "Available Types" +msgstr "有效的类型" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:108 +msgid "" +"An idealized naive date, assuming the current Gregorian calendar always was," +" and always will be, in effect. Attributes: :attr:`year`, :attr:`month`, and" +" :attr:`day`." +msgstr "" +"一个理想化的简单型日期，它假设当今的公历在过去和未来永远有效。 属性: :attr:`year`, :attr:`month`, and " +":attr:`day`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:116 +msgid "" +"An idealized time, independent of any particular day, assuming that every " +"day has exactly 24\\*60\\*60 seconds. (There is no notion of \"leap " +"seconds\" here.) Attributes: :attr:`hour`, :attr:`minute`, :attr:`second`, " +":attr:`microsecond`, and :attr:`.tzinfo`." +msgstr "" +"一个独立于任何特定日期的理想化时间，它假设每一天都恰好等于 24\\*60\\*60 秒。 （这里没有“闰秒”的概念。） 包含属性: " +":attr:`hour`, :attr:`minute`, :attr:`second`, :attr:`microsecond` 和 " +":attr:`.tzinfo`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:125 +msgid "" +"A combination of a date and a time. Attributes: :attr:`year`, :attr:`month`," +" :attr:`day`, :attr:`hour`, :attr:`minute`, :attr:`second`, " +":attr:`microsecond`, and :attr:`.tzinfo`." +msgstr "" +"日期和时间的结合。属性：:attr:`year`, :attr:`month`, :attr:`day`, :attr:`hour`, " +":attr:`minute`, :attr:`second`, :attr:`microsecond`, and :attr:`.tzinfo`." + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:133 +msgid "" +"A duration expressing the difference between two :class:`.datetime` or " +":class:`date` instances to microsecond resolution." +msgstr "将两个 :class:`.datetime` 或 :class:`date` 实例之间的差值表示为微秒级精度的持续时间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:140 +msgid "" +"An abstract base class for time zone information objects. These are used by " +"the :class:`.datetime` and :class:`.time` classes to provide a customizable " +"notion of time adjustment (for example, to account for time zone and/or " +"daylight saving time)." +msgstr "" +"一个描述时区信息对象的抽象基类。 用来给 :class:`.datetime` 和 :class:`.time` " +"类提供自定义的时间调整概念（例如处理时区和/或夏令时）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:148 +msgid "" +"A class that implements the :class:`tzinfo` abstract base class as a fixed " +"offset from the UTC." +msgstr "一个实现了 :class:`tzinfo` 抽象基类的子类，用于表示相对于 世界标准时间（UTC）的偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:153 ../../library/datetime.rst:171 +msgid "Objects of these types are immutable." +msgstr "这些类型的对象都是不可变的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:155 +msgid "Subclass relationships::" +msgstr "子类关系 ::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:157 +msgid "" +"object\n" +" timedelta\n" +" tzinfo\n" +" timezone\n" +" time\n" +" date\n" +" datetime" +msgstr "" +"object\n" +" timedelta\n" +" tzinfo\n" +" timezone\n" +" time\n" +" date\n" +" datetime" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:166 +msgid "Common Properties" +msgstr "通用的特征属性" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:168 +msgid "" +"The :class:`date`, :class:`.datetime`, :class:`.time`, and :class:`timezone`" +" types share these common features:" +msgstr "" +":class:`date`, :class:`.datetime`, :class:`.time` 和 :class:`timezone` " +"类型共享这些通用特性:" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Objects of these types are :term:`hashable`, meaning that they can be used " +"as dictionary keys." +msgstr "这些类型的对象是 :term:`hashable`，意味着它们可以被用作字典的键。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Objects of these types support efficient pickling via the :mod:`pickle` " +"module." +msgstr "这些类型的对象支持通过 :mod:`pickle` 模块进行高效的封存。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:177 +msgid "Determining if an Object is Aware or Naive" +msgstr "确定一个对象是感知型还是简单型" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:179 +msgid "Objects of the :class:`date` type are always naive." +msgstr ":class:`date` 类型的对象都是简单型的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:181 +msgid "" +"An object of type :class:`.time` or :class:`.datetime` may be aware or " +"naive." +msgstr ":class:`.time` 或 :class:`.datetime` 类型的对象可以是感知型或者简单型。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:183 +msgid "" +"A :class:`.datetime` object ``d`` is aware if both of the following hold:" +msgstr "一个 :class:`.datetime` 对象 ``d`` 在以下条件同时成立时将是感知型的：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:185 +msgid "``d.tzinfo`` is not ``None``" +msgstr "``d.tzinfo`` 不为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:186 +msgid "``d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)`` does not return ``None``" +msgstr "``d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)`` 不返回 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:188 +msgid "Otherwise, ``d`` is naive." +msgstr "在其他情况下，``d`` 将是简单型的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:190 +msgid "A :class:`.time` object ``t`` is aware if both of the following hold:" +msgstr "一个 :class:`.time` 对象 ``t`` 在以下条件同时成立时将是感知型的：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:192 +msgid "``t.tzinfo`` is not ``None``" +msgstr "``t.tzinfo`` 不为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:193 +msgid "``t.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)`` does not return ``None``." +msgstr "``t.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)`` 不返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:195 +msgid "Otherwise, ``t`` is naive." +msgstr "在其他情况下，``t`` 将是简单型的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The distinction between aware and naive doesn't apply to :class:`timedelta` " +"objects." +msgstr "感知型和简单型之间的区别不适用于 :class:`timedelta` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:203 +msgid ":class:`timedelta` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`timedelta` 类对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:205 +msgid "" +"A :class:`timedelta` object represents a duration, the difference between " +"two :class:`.datetime` or :class:`date` instances." +msgstr "" +":class:`timedelta` 对象表示一段持续的时间，即两个 :class:`.datetime` 或 :class:`date` " +"实例之间的差值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:210 +msgid "" +"All arguments are optional and default to 0. Arguments may be integers or " +"floats, and may be positive or negative." +msgstr "所有参数都是可选的并且默认为 0。 这些参数可以是整数或者浮点数，并可以为正值或者负值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Only *days*, *seconds* and *microseconds* are stored internally. Arguments " +"are converted to those units:" +msgstr "只有 *days*, *seconds* 和 *microseconds* 会存储在内部。 参数单位的换算规则如下：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:216 +msgid "A millisecond is converted to 1000 microseconds." +msgstr "1毫秒会转换成1000微秒。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:217 +msgid "A minute is converted to 60 seconds." +msgstr "1分钟会转换成60秒。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:218 +msgid "An hour is converted to 3600 seconds." +msgstr "1小时会转换成3600秒。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:219 +msgid "A week is converted to 7 days." +msgstr "1星期会转换成7天。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:221 +msgid "" +"and days, seconds and microseconds are then normalized so that the " +"representation is unique, with" +msgstr "日期、秒、微秒都是标准化的，所以它们的表达方式也是唯一的，例：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:224 +msgid "``0 <= microseconds < 1000000``" +msgstr "``0 <= microseconds < 1000000``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:225 +msgid "``0 <= seconds < 3600*24`` (the number of seconds in one day)" +msgstr "``0 <= seconds < 3600*24`` (一天的秒数)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:226 +msgid "``-999999999 <= days <= 999999999``" +msgstr "``-999999999 <= days <= 999999999``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:228 +msgid "" +"The following example illustrates how any arguments besides *days*, " +"*seconds* and *microseconds* are \"merged\" and normalized into those three " +"resulting attributes::" +msgstr "" +"下面的例子演示了如何对 *days*, *seconds* 和 *microseconds* " +"以外的任意参数执行“合并”操作并标准化为以上三个结果属性::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:232 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> delta = timedelta(\n" +"... days=50,\n" +"... seconds=27,\n" +"... microseconds=10,\n" +"... milliseconds=29000,\n" +"... minutes=5,\n" +"... hours=8,\n" +"... weeks=2\n" +"... )\n" +">>> # Only days, seconds, and microseconds remain\n" +">>> delta\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=64, seconds=29156, microseconds=10)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> delta = timedelta(\n" +"... days=50,\n" +"... seconds=27,\n" +"... microseconds=10,\n" +"... milliseconds=29000,\n" +"... minutes=5,\n" +"... hours=8,\n" +"... weeks=2\n" +"... )\n" +">>> # 只保留日期、秒和微秒\n" +">>> delta\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=64, seconds=29156, microseconds=10)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:246 +msgid "" +"If any argument is a float and there are fractional microseconds, the " +"fractional microseconds left over from all arguments are combined and their " +"sum is rounded to the nearest microsecond using round-half-to-even " +"tiebreaker. If no argument is a float, the conversion and normalization " +"processes are exact (no information is lost)." +msgstr "" +"在有任何参数为浮点型并且 microseconds " +"值为小数的情况下，从所有参数中余下的微秒数将被合并，并使用四舍五入偶不入奇的规则将总计值舍入到最接近的整数微秒值。 " +"如果没有任何参数为浮点型的情况下，则转换和标准化过程将是完全精确的（不会丢失信息）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:253 +msgid "" +"If the normalized value of days lies outside the indicated range, " +":exc:`OverflowError` is raised." +msgstr "如果标准化后的 days 数值超过了指定范围，将会抛出 :exc:`OverflowError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Note that normalization of negative values may be surprising at first. For " +"example::" +msgstr "请注意对负数值进行标准化的结果可能会令人感到惊讶。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:259 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> d = timedelta(microseconds=-1)\n" +">>> (d.days, d.seconds, d.microseconds)\n" +"(-1, 86399, 999999)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> d = timedelta(microseconds=-1)\n" +">>> (d.days, d.seconds, d.microseconds)\n" +"(-1, 86399, 999999)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:265 ../../library/datetime.rst:566 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1126 ../../library/datetime.rst:1764 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2369 +msgid "Class attributes:" +msgstr "类属性：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The most negative :class:`timedelta` object, ``timedelta(-999999999)``." +msgstr " :class:`timedelta` 类对象的最小值为 ``timedelta(-999999999)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:274 +msgid "" +"The most positive :class:`timedelta` object, ``timedelta(days=999999999, " +"hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59, microseconds=999999)``." +msgstr "" +" :class:`timedelta` 类对象的最大值为 ``timedelta(days=999999999, hours=23, " +"minutes=59, seconds=59, microseconds=999999)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:280 +msgid "" +"The smallest possible difference between non-equal :class:`timedelta` " +"objects, ``timedelta(microseconds=1)``." +msgstr "两个不相等的 :class:`timedelta` 类对象最小的间隔为 ``timedelta(microseconds=1)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Note that, because of normalization, ``timedelta.max`` is greater than " +"``-timedelta.min``. ``-timedelta.max`` is not representable as a " +":class:`timedelta` object." +msgstr "" +"请注意，因为标准化的缘故，``timedelta.max`` 大于 ``-timedelta.min``。 ``-timedelta.max`` " +"不可以表示为一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:287 ../../library/datetime.rst:584 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1146 ../../library/datetime.rst:1784 +msgid "Instance attributes (read-only):" +msgstr "实例属性（只读）：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:291 +msgid "Between -999,999,999 and 999,999,999 inclusive." +msgstr "-999,999,999 至 999,999,999 开区间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:296 +msgid "Between 0 and 86,399 inclusive." +msgstr "0 至 86,399 开区间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:300 +msgid "" +"It is a somewhat common bug for code to unintentionally use this attribute " +"when it is actually intended to get a :meth:`~timedelta.total_seconds` value" +" instead:" +msgstr "一个有点常见的代码错误是当实际是要获取 :meth:`~timedelta.total_seconds` 值时无意中使用了这个属性：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:304 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> duration = timedelta(seconds=11235813)\n" +">>> duration.days, duration.seconds\n" +"(130, 3813)\n" +">>> duration.total_seconds()\n" +"11235813.0" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> duration = timedelta(seconds=11235813)\n" +">>> duration.days, duration.seconds\n" +"(130, 3813)\n" +">>> duration.total_seconds()\n" +"11235813.0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:315 +msgid "Between 0 and 999,999 inclusive." +msgstr "0 至 999,999 开区间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:318 ../../library/datetime.rst:601 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1199 +msgid "Supported operations:" +msgstr "支持的运算：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:323 ../../library/datetime.rst:604 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1202 +msgid "Operation" +msgstr "运算" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:323 ../../library/datetime.rst:604 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1202 +msgid "Result" +msgstr "结果：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:325 +msgid "``t1 = t2 + t3``" +msgstr "``t1 = t2 + t3``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Sum of ``t2`` and ``t3``. Afterwards ``t1 - t2 == t3`` and ``t1 - t3 == t2``" +" are true. (1)" +msgstr "" +"``t2`` 和 ``t3`` 之和。 运算后 ``t1 - t2 == t3`` 且 ``t1 - t3 == t2`` 为真值。 (1)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:329 +msgid "``t1 = t2 - t3``" +msgstr "``t1 = t2 - t3``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Difference of ``t2`` and ``t3``. Afterwards ``t1 == t2 - t3`` and ``t2 == " +"t1 + t3`` are true. (1)(6)" +msgstr "" +"``t2`` 和 ``t3`` 之差。 运算后 ``t1 == t2 - t3`` 且 ``t2 == t1 + t3`` 为真值。 (1)(6)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:333 +msgid "``t1 = t2 * i or t1 = i * t2``" +msgstr "``t1 = t2 * i or t1 = i * t2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:333 +msgid "" +"Delta multiplied by an integer. Afterwards ``t1 // i == t2`` is true, " +"provided ``i != 0``." +msgstr "时差乘以一个整数。 运算后如果 ``i != 0`` 则 ``t1 // i == t2`` 为真值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:337 +msgid "In general, ``t1 * i == t1 * (i-1) + t1`` is true. (1)" +msgstr "通常情况下，``t1 * i == t1 * (i-1) + t1`` 为真值。 (1)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:340 +msgid "``t1 = t2 * f or t1 = f * t2``" +msgstr "``t1 = t2 * f or t1 = f * t2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:340 +msgid "" +"Delta multiplied by a float. The result is rounded to the nearest multiple " +"of timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even." +msgstr "乘以一个浮点数，结果会被舍入到 timedelta 最接近的整数倍。 精度使用四舍五偶入奇不入规则。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:344 +msgid "``f = t2 / t3``" +msgstr "``f = t2 / t3``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Division (3) of overall duration ``t2`` by interval unit ``t3``. Returns a " +":class:`float` object." +msgstr "总时长 ``t2`` 除以间隔单位 ``t3`` (3)。 返回一个 :class:`float` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:348 +msgid "``t1 = t2 / f or t1 = t2 / i``" +msgstr "``t1 = t2 / f or t1 = t2 / i``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:348 +msgid "" +"Delta divided by a float or an int. The result is rounded to the nearest " +"multiple of timedelta.resolution using round-half-to-even." +msgstr "除以一个浮点数或整数。 结果会被舍入到 timedelta 最接近的整数倍。 精度使用四舍五偶入奇不入规则。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:352 +msgid "``t1 = t2 // i`` or ``t1 = t2 // t3``" +msgstr "``t1 = t2 // i`` or ``t1 = t2 // t3``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:352 +msgid "" +"The floor is computed and the remainder (if any) is thrown away. In the " +"second case, an integer is returned. (3)" +msgstr "计算底数，其余部分（如果有）将被丢弃。在第二种情况下，将返回整数。 （3）" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:356 +msgid "``t1 = t2 % t3``" +msgstr "``t1 = t2 % t3``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:356 +msgid "The remainder is computed as a :class:`timedelta` object. (3)" +msgstr "余数为一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象。(3)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:359 +msgid "``q, r = divmod(t1, t2)``" +msgstr "``q, r = divmod(t1, t2)``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Computes the quotient and the remainder: ``q = t1 // t2`` (3) and ``r = t1 %" +" t2``. ``q`` is an integer and ``r`` is a :class:`timedelta` object." +msgstr "" +"计算商和余数: ``q = t1 // t2`` (3) 和 ``r = t1 % t2``。 ``q`` 是一个整数而 ``r`` 是一个 " +":class:`timedelta` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:364 +msgid "``+t1``" +msgstr "``+t1``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:364 +msgid "Returns a :class:`timedelta` object with the same value. (2)" +msgstr "返回一个相同数值的 :class:`timedelta` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:367 +msgid "``-t1``" +msgstr "``-t1``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:367 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``timedelta(-t1.days, -t1.seconds, -t1.microseconds)``, and to" +" ``t1 * -1``. (1)(4)" +msgstr "" +"等价于 ``timedelta(-t1.days, -t1.seconds, -t1.microseconds)``，以及 ``t1 * -1``。 " +"(1)(4)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:371 +msgid "``abs(t)``" +msgstr "``abs(t)``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:371 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``+t`` when ``t.days >= 0``, and to ``-t`` when ``t.days < " +"0``. (2)" +msgstr "当 ``t.days >= 0`` 时等于 ``+t``，而当 ``t.days < 0`` 时等于 ``-t``。 (2)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:374 +msgid "``str(t)``" +msgstr "``str(t)``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Returns a string in the form ``[D day[s], ][H]H:MM:SS[.UUUUUU]``, where D is" +" negative for negative ``t``. (5)" +msgstr "" +"返回一个形如 ``[D day[s], ][H]H:MM:SS[.UUUUUU]`` 的字符串，当 ``t`` 为负数的时候， D 也为负数。 (5)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:378 +msgid "``repr(t)``" +msgstr "``repr(t)``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Returns a string representation of the :class:`timedelta` object as a " +"constructor call with canonical attribute values." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象的字符串表示形式，作为附带正规属性值的构造器调用。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:384 ../../library/datetime.rst:623 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2600 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:387 +msgid "This is exact but may overflow." +msgstr "结果正确，但可能会溢出。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:390 +msgid "This is exact and cannot overflow." +msgstr "结果正确，不会溢出。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:393 +msgid "Division by zero raises :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`." +msgstr "除以零将会引发 :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:396 +msgid "" +"``-timedelta.max`` is not representable as a :class:`timedelta` object." +msgstr "``-timedelta.max`` 不可以表示为一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:399 +msgid "" +"String representations of :class:`timedelta` objects are normalized " +"similarly to their internal representation. This leads to somewhat unusual " +"results for negative timedeltas. For example::" +msgstr ":class:`timedelta` 对象的字符串表示形式类似于其内部表示形式被规范化。对于负时间增量，这会导致一些不寻常的结果。例如::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:403 +msgid "" +">>> timedelta(hours=-5)\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds=68400)\n" +">>> print(_)\n" +"-1 day, 19:00:00" +msgstr "" +">>> timedelta(hours=-5)\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds=68400)\n" +">>> print(_)\n" +"-1 day, 19:00:00" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:409 +msgid "" +"The expression ``t2 - t3`` will always be equal to the expression ``t2 + " +"(-t3)`` except when t3 is equal to ``timedelta.max``; in that case the " +"former will produce a result while the latter will overflow." +msgstr "" +"表达式 ``t2 - t3`` 通常与 ``t2 + (-t3)`` 是等价的，除非 t3 等于 ``timedelta.max``; " +"在这种情况下前者会返回结果，而后者则会溢出。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:413 +msgid "" +"In addition to the operations listed above, :class:`timedelta` objects " +"support certain additions and subtractions with :class:`date` and " +":class:`.datetime` objects (see below)." +msgstr "" +"除了上面列举的操作以外，:class:`timedelta` 对象还支持与 :class:`date` 和 :class:`.datetime` " +"对象进行特定的相加和相减运算（见下文）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:417 +msgid "" +"Floor division and true division of a :class:`timedelta` object by another " +":class:`timedelta` object are now supported, as are remainder operations and" +" the :func:`divmod` function. True division and multiplication of a " +":class:`timedelta` object by a :class:`float` object are now supported." +msgstr "" +"现在已支持 :class:`timedelta` 对象与另一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象相整除或相除，包括求余运算和 " +":func:`divmod` 函数。 现在也支持 :class:`timedelta` 对象加上或乘以一个 :class:`float` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:423 +msgid ":class:`timedelta` objects support equality and order comparisons." +msgstr ":class:`timedelta` 对象支持相等性和顺序比较。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:425 +msgid "" +"In Boolean contexts, a :class:`timedelta` object is considered to be true if" +" and only if it isn't equal to ``timedelta(0)``." +msgstr "在布尔运算中，:class:`timedelta` 对象当且仅当其不等于 ``timedelta(0)`` 时则会被视为真值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:428 ../../library/datetime.rst:665 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1289 ../../library/datetime.rst:1891 +msgid "Instance methods:" +msgstr "实例方法：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Return the total number of seconds contained in the duration. Equivalent to " +"``td / timedelta(seconds=1)``. For interval units other than seconds, use " +"the division form directly (e.g. ``td / timedelta(microseconds=1)``)." +msgstr "" +"返回期间占用了多少秒。等价于 ``td / timedelta(seconds=1)``。对于秒以外的间隔单位，直接使用除法形式 (例如 ``td /" +" timedelta(microseconds=1)``)。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Note that for very large time intervals (greater than 270 years on most " +"platforms) this method will lose microsecond accuracy." +msgstr "需要注意的是，时间间隔较大时，这个方法的结果中的微秒将会失真（大多数平台上大于270年视为一个较大的时间间隔）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:442 +msgid "Examples of usage: :class:`timedelta`" +msgstr ":class:`timedelta` 用法示例" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:444 +msgid "An additional example of normalization::" +msgstr "一个标准化的附加示例::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:446 +msgid "" +">>> # Components of another_year add up to exactly 365 days\n" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> year = timedelta(days=365)\n" +">>> another_year = timedelta(weeks=40, days=84, hours=23,\n" +"... minutes=50, seconds=600)\n" +">>> year == another_year\n" +"True\n" +">>> year.total_seconds()\n" +"31536000.0" +msgstr "" +">>> # another_year 的部分增加恰好 365 天\n" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> year = timedelta(days=365)\n" +">>> another_year = timedelta(weeks=40, days=84, hours=23,\n" +"... minutes=50, seconds=600)\n" +">>> year == another_year\n" +"True\n" +">>> year.total_seconds()\n" +"31536000.0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:456 +msgid "Examples of :class:`timedelta` arithmetic::" +msgstr ":class:`timedelta` 算术运算的示例::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:458 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> year = timedelta(days=365)\n" +">>> ten_years = 10 * year\n" +">>> ten_years\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=3650)\n" +">>> ten_years.days // 365\n" +"10\n" +">>> nine_years = ten_years - year\n" +">>> nine_years\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=3285)\n" +">>> three_years = nine_years // 3\n" +">>> three_years, three_years.days // 365\n" +"(datetime.timedelta(days=1095), 3)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import timedelta\n" +">>> year = timedelta(days=365)\n" +">>> ten_years = 10 * year\n" +">>> ten_years\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=3650)\n" +">>> ten_years.days // 365\n" +"10\n" +">>> nine_years = ten_years - year\n" +">>> nine_years\n" +"datetime.timedelta(days=3285)\n" +">>> three_years = nine_years // 3\n" +">>> three_years, three_years.days // 365\n" +"(datetime.timedelta(days=1095), 3)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:475 +msgid ":class:`date` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`date` 对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:477 +msgid "" +"A :class:`date` object represents a date (year, month and day) in an " +"idealized calendar, the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended in " +"both directions." +msgstr ":class:`date` 对象代表一个理想化历法中的日期（年、月和日），即当今的格列高利历向前后两个方向无限延伸。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:481 +msgid "" +"January 1 of year 1 is called day number 1, January 2 of year 1 is called " +"day number 2, and so on. [#]_" +msgstr "公元 1 年 1 月 1日是第 1 日，公元 1 年 1 月 2 日是第 2 日，依此类推。 [#]_" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:486 +msgid "" +"All arguments are required. Arguments must be integers, in the following " +"ranges:" +msgstr "所有参数都是必要的。 参数必须是在下面范围内的整数：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:489 +msgid "``MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR``" +msgstr "``MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:490 +msgid "``1 <= month <= 12``" +msgstr "``1 <= month <= 12``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:491 +msgid "``1 <= day <= number of days in the given month and year``" +msgstr "``1 <= 日期 <= 给定年月对应的天数``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:493 ../../library/datetime.rst:883 +msgid "" +"If an argument outside those ranges is given, :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "如果参数不在这些范围内，则抛出 :exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:496 ../../library/datetime.rst:888 +msgid "Other constructors, all class methods:" +msgstr "其它构造器，所有的类方法：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:500 +msgid "Return the current local date." +msgstr "返回当前的本地日期。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:502 +msgid "This is equivalent to ``date.fromtimestamp(time.time())``." +msgstr "这等价于 ``date.fromtimestamp(time.time())``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Return the local date corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is " +"returned by :func:`time.time`." +msgstr "返回对应于 POSIX 时间戳的当地时间，例如 :func:`time.time` 返回的就是时间戳。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:509 +msgid "" +"This may raise :exc:`OverflowError`, if the timestamp is out of the range of" +" values supported by the platform C :c:func:`localtime` function, and " +":exc:`OSError` on :c:func:`localtime` failure. It's common for this to be " +"restricted to years from 1970 through 2038. Note that on non-POSIX systems " +"that include leap seconds in their notion of a timestamp, leap seconds are " +"ignored by :meth:`fromtimestamp`." +msgstr "" +"这可能引发 :exc:`OverflowError`，如果时间戳数值超出所在平台 C :c:func:`localtime` " +"函数的支持范围的话，并且会在 :c:func:`localtime` 出错时引发 :exc:`OSError`。 通常该数值会被限制在 1970 年至 " +"2038 年之间。 请注意在时间戳概念包含闰秒的非 POSIX 系统上，闰秒会被 :meth:`fromtimestamp` 所忽略。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` if the timestamp is " +"out of the range of values supported by the platform C :c:func:`localtime` " +"function. Raise :exc:`OSError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` on " +":c:func:`localtime` failure." +msgstr "" +"引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError`，如果时间戳数值超出所在平台 C " +":c:func:`localtime` 函数的支持范围的话，并会在 :c:func:`localtime` 出错时引发 :exc:`OSError` " +"而不是 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:525 +msgid "" +"Return the date corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian ordinal, where " +"January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1." +msgstr "返回对应于预期格列高利历序号的日期，其中公元 1 年 1 月 1 日的序号为 1。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:528 +msgid "" +":exc:`ValueError` is raised unless ``1 <= ordinal <= date.max.toordinal()``." +" For any date ``d``, ``date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d``." +msgstr "" +"除非 ``1 <= ordinal <= date.max.toordinal()`` 否则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 对于任意的日期" +" ``d``，均有 ``date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:535 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`date` corresponding to a *date_string* given in any valid " +"ISO 8601 format, with the following exceptions:" +msgstr "返回一个对应于以任何有效 ISO 8601 格式给出的 *date_string* 的 :class:`date`，下列格式除外：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:538 ../../library/datetime.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"Reduced precision dates are not currently supported (``YYYY-MM``, ``YYYY``)." +msgstr "目前不支持降低精度的日期 (``YYYY-MM``, ``YYYY``)。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:540 ../../library/datetime.rst:1050 +msgid "" +"Extended date representations are not currently supported (``±YYYYYY-MM-" +"DD``)." +msgstr "目前不支持扩展日期表示形式 (``±YYYYYY-MM-DD``)。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:542 ../../library/datetime.rst:1052 +msgid "Ordinal dates are not currently supported (``YYYY-OOO``)." +msgstr "目前不支持序数日期 (``YYYY-OOO``)。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:544 ../../library/datetime.rst:1054 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1520 +msgid "Examples::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:546 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date.fromisoformat('2019-12-04')\n" +"datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)\n" +">>> date.fromisoformat('20191204')\n" +"datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)\n" +">>> date.fromisoformat('2021-W01-1')\n" +"datetime.date(2021, 1, 4)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date.fromisoformat('2019-12-04')\n" +"datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)\n" +">>> date.fromisoformat('20191204')\n" +"datetime.date(2019, 12, 4)\n" +">>> date.fromisoformat('2021-W01-1')\n" +"datetime.date(2021, 1, 4)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:555 +msgid "Previously, this method only supported the format ``YYYY-MM-DD``." +msgstr "在之前版本中，此方法仅支持一种格式 ``YYYY-MM-DD``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:560 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`date` corresponding to the ISO calendar date specified by " +"year, week and day. This is the inverse of the function " +":meth:`date.isocalendar`." +msgstr "" +"返回指定 year, week 和 day 所对应 ISO 历法日期的 :class:`date`。 这是函数 " +":meth:`date.isocalendar` 的逆操作。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:570 +msgid "The earliest representable date, ``date(MINYEAR, 1, 1)``." +msgstr "最小的日期 ``date(MINYEAR, 1, 1)`` 。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:575 +msgid "The latest representable date, ``date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31)``." +msgstr "最大的日期 ，``date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:580 +msgid "" +"The smallest possible difference between non-equal date objects, " +"``timedelta(days=1)``." +msgstr "两个日期对象的最小间隔，``timedelta(days=1)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:588 ../../library/datetime.rst:1150 +msgid "Between :const:`MINYEAR` and :const:`MAXYEAR` inclusive." +msgstr "在 :const:`MINYEAR` 和 :const:`MAXYEAR` 之间，包含边界。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:593 ../../library/datetime.rst:1155 +msgid "Between 1 and 12 inclusive." +msgstr "1 至 12（含）" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:598 ../../library/datetime.rst:1160 +msgid "Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year." +msgstr "返回1到指定年月的天数间的数字。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:606 +msgid "``date2 = date1 + timedelta``" +msgstr "``date2 = date1 + timedelta``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:606 +msgid "``date2`` will be ``timedelta.days`` days after ``date1``. (1)" +msgstr "``date2`` 将为 ``date1`` 之后的 ``timedelta.days`` 日。 (1)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:609 +msgid "``date2 = date1 - timedelta``" +msgstr "``date2 = date1 - timedelta``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:609 +msgid "Computes ``date2`` such that ``date2 + timedelta == date1``. (2)" +msgstr "计算 ``date2`` 使得 ``date2 + timedelta == date1``。 (2)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:612 +msgid "``timedelta = date1 - date2``" +msgstr "``timedelta = date1 - date2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:612 ../../library/datetime.rst:1208 +msgid "\\(3)" +msgstr "\\(3)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``date1 == date2``" +msgstr "``date1 == date2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``date1 != date2``" +msgstr "``date1 != date2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:614 ../../library/datetime.rst:1210 +msgid "Equality comparison. (4)" +msgstr "相等性比较。 (4)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``date1 < date2``" +msgstr "``date1 < date2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``date1 > date2``" +msgstr "``date1 > date2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``date1 <= date2``" +msgstr "``date1 <= date2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``date1 >= date2``" +msgstr "``date1 >= date2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:617 ../../library/datetime.rst:1213 +msgid "Order comparison. (5)" +msgstr "顺序比较。 (5)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:626 +msgid "" +"*date2* is moved forward in time if ``timedelta.days > 0``, or backward if " +"``timedelta.days < 0``. Afterward ``date2 - date1 == timedelta.days``. " +"``timedelta.seconds`` and ``timedelta.microseconds`` are ignored. " +":exc:`OverflowError` is raised if ``date2.year`` would be smaller than " +":const:`MINYEAR` or larger than :const:`MAXYEAR`." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``timedelta.days > 0`` 则 *date2* 将在时间线上前进，如果 ``timedelta.days < 0`` 则将后退。" +" 操作完成后 ``date2 - date1 == timedelta.days``。 ``timedelta.seconds`` 和 " +"``timedelta.microseconds`` 会被忽略。 如果 ``date2.year`` 将小于 :const:`MINYEAR` 或大于 " +":const:`MAXYEAR` 则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:633 +msgid "``timedelta.seconds`` and ``timedelta.microseconds`` are ignored." +msgstr "``timedelta.seconds`` 和 ``timedelta.microseconds`` 会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:636 +msgid "" +"This is exact, and cannot overflow. ``timedelta.seconds`` and " +"``timedelta.microseconds`` are 0, and ``date2 + timedelta == date1`` after." +msgstr "" +"该值是精确的，且不会溢出。 运算后 ``timedelta.seconds`` 和 ``timedelta.microseconds`` 均为 0，且 " +"``date2 + timedelta == date1``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:640 +msgid ":class:`date` objects are equal if they represent the same date." +msgstr ":class:`date` 对象在表示相同的日期时相等。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:642 +msgid "" +":class:`!date` objects that are not also :class:`.datetime` instances are " +"never equal to :class:`!datetime` objects, even if they represent the same " +"date." +msgstr "" +"不属于 :class:`.datetime` 实例的 :class:`!date` 对象永远不会与 :class:`!datetime` " +"对象相等，即使它们表示相同的日期。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:647 +msgid "" +"*date1* is considered less than *date2* when *date1* precedes *date2* in " +"time. In other words, ``date1 < date2`` if and only if ``date1.toordinal() <" +" date2.toordinal()``." +msgstr "" +"当 *date1* 的时间在 *date2* 之前则认为 *date1* 小于 *date2*。 换句话说，当且仅当 " +"``date1.toordinal() < date2.toordinal()`` 时 ``date1 < date2``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:651 +msgid "" +"Order comparison between a :class:`!date` object that is not also a " +":class:`.datetime` instance and a :class:`!datetime` object raises " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"不同时为 :class:`.datetime` 实例的 :class:`!date` 实例和 :class:`!datetime` " +"对象之间的顺序比较将会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:655 ../../library/datetime.rst:1281 +msgid "" +"Comparison between :class:`.datetime` object and an instance of the " +":class:`date` subclass that is not a :class:`!datetime` subclass no longer " +"converts the latter to :class:`!date`, ignoring the time part and the time " +"zone. The default behavior can be changed by overriding the special " +"comparison methods in subclasses." +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`.datetime` 对象和不属于 :class:`!datetime` 子类的 :class:`date` " +"子类的实例之间进行比较时不会再将后者转换为 :class:`!date`，并忽略时间部分和时区信息。 此默认行为可以通过在子类中重写特殊比较方法来更改。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:663 +msgid "" +"In Boolean contexts, all :class:`date` objects are considered to be true." +msgstr "在布尔运算中，所有 :class:`date` 对象都会被视为真值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:669 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`date` object with the same values, but with specified " +"parameters updated." +msgstr "返回一个具有同样的值，但更新了指定形参的新的 :class:`date` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:672 ../../library/datetime.rst:1937 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:674 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> d = date(2002, 12, 31)\n" +">>> d.replace(day=26)\n" +"datetime.date(2002, 12, 26)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> d = date(2002, 12, 31)\n" +">>> d.replace(day=26)\n" +"datetime.date(2002, 12, 26)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:679 +msgid "" +"The generic function :func:`copy.replace` also supports :class:`date` " +"objects." +msgstr "泛型函数 :func:`copy.replace` 也支持 :class:`date` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:685 ../../library/datetime.rst:1405 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`time.struct_time` such as returned by " +":func:`time.localtime`." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`time.struct_time`，即 :func:`time.localtime` 所返回的类型。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:687 +msgid "The hours, minutes and seconds are 0, and the DST flag is -1." +msgstr "hours, minutes 和 seconds 值均为 0，且 DST 旗标值为 -1。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:689 ../../library/datetime.rst:1407 +msgid "``d.timetuple()`` is equivalent to::" +msgstr "``d.timetuple()`` 等价于::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:691 +msgid "" +"time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day, 0, 0, 0, d.weekday(), yday, -1))" +msgstr "" +"time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day, 0, 0, 0, d.weekday(), yday, -1))" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:693 +msgid "" +"where ``yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1`` is the " +"day number within the current year starting with 1 for January 1st." +msgstr "" +"其中 ``yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1`` " +"是当前年份中的日期序号，起始值 1 表示 1 月 1 日。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:699 +msgid "" +"Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date, where January 1 of year " +"1 has ordinal 1. For any :class:`date` object ``d``, " +"``date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d``." +msgstr "" +"返回日期的预期格列高利历序号，其中公元 1 年 1 月 1 日的序号为 1. 对于任意的 :class:`date` 对象 ``d``，均有 " +"``date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:706 +msgid "" +"Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6." +" For example, ``date(2002, 12, 4).weekday() == 2``, a Wednesday. See also " +":meth:`isoweekday`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个整数代表星期几，星期一为0，星期天为6。例如， ``date(2002, 12, 4).weekday() == 2``，表示的是星期三。参阅 " +":meth:`isoweekday`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:713 +msgid "" +"Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7." +" For example, ``date(2002, 12, 4).isoweekday() == 3``, a Wednesday. See also" +" :meth:`weekday`, :meth:`isocalendar`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个整数代表星期几，星期一为1，星期天为7。例如：``date(2002, 12, 4).isoweekday() == 3``,表示星期三。参见 " +":meth:`weekday`, :meth:`isocalendar`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:720 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`named tuple` object with three components: ``year``, " +"``week`` and ``weekday``." +msgstr "返回一个由三部分组成的 :term:`named tuple` 对象: ``year``, ``week`` 和 ``weekday``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:723 +msgid "" +"The ISO calendar is a widely used variant of the Gregorian calendar. [#]_" +msgstr "ISO 历法是一种被广泛使用的格列高利历。 [#]_" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The ISO year consists of 52 or 53 full weeks, and where a week starts on a " +"Monday and ends on a Sunday. The first week of an ISO year is the first " +"(Gregorian) calendar week of a year containing a Thursday. This is called " +"week number 1, and the ISO year of that Thursday is the same as its " +"Gregorian year." +msgstr "" +"ISO 年由 52 或 53 个完整星期构成，每个星期开始于星期一结束于星期日。 一个 ISO " +"年的第一个星期就是（格列高利）历法的一年中第一个包含星期四的星期。 这被称为 1 号星期，这个星期四所在的 ISO 年与其所在的格列高利年相同。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:730 +msgid "" +"For example, 2004 begins on a Thursday, so the first week of ISO year 2004 " +"begins on Monday, 29 Dec 2003 and ends on Sunday, 4 Jan 2004::" +msgstr "" +"例如，2004 年的第一天是星期四，因此 ISO 2004 年的第一个星期开始于 2003 年 12 月 29 日星期一，结束于 2004 年 1 月 " +"4 日星期日::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:733 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date(2003, 12, 29).isocalendar()\n" +"datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2004, week=1, weekday=1)\n" +">>> date(2004, 1, 4).isocalendar()\n" +"datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2004, week=1, weekday=7)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date(2003, 12, 29).isocalendar()\n" +"datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2004, week=1, weekday=1)\n" +">>> date(2004, 1, 4).isocalendar()\n" +"datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2004, week=1, weekday=7)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:739 +msgid "Result changed from a tuple to a :term:`named tuple`." +msgstr "结果由元组改为 :term:`named tuple`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:744 +msgid "" +"Return a string representing the date in ISO 8601 format, ``YYYY-MM-DD``::" +msgstr "返回一个以 ISO 8601 格式 ``YYYY-MM-DD`` 来表示日期的字符串::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:746 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date(2002, 12, 4).isoformat()\n" +"'2002-12-04'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date(2002, 12, 4).isoformat()\n" +"'2002-12-04'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:752 +msgid "For a date ``d``, ``str(d)`` is equivalent to ``d.isoformat()``." +msgstr "对于日期 ``d``，``str(d)`` 等价于 ``d.isoformat()``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:757 +msgid "Return a string representing the date::" +msgstr "返回一个表示日期的字符串::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:759 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date(2002, 12, 4).ctime()\n" +"'Wed Dec 4 00:00:00 2002'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> date(2002, 12, 4).ctime()\n" +"'Wed Dec 4 00:00:00 2002'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:763 ../../library/datetime.rst:1591 +msgid "``d.ctime()`` is equivalent to::" +msgstr "``d.ctime()`` 等效于::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:765 ../../library/datetime.rst:1593 +msgid "time.ctime(time.mktime(d.timetuple()))" +msgstr "time.ctime(time.mktime(d.timetuple()))" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:767 +msgid "" +"on platforms where the native C :c:func:`ctime` function (which " +":func:`time.ctime` invokes, but which :meth:`date.ctime` does not invoke) " +"conforms to the C standard." +msgstr "" +"在原生 C :c:func:`ctime` 函数遵循 C 标准的平台上 (:func:`time.ctime` 会发起对该函数的调用，但 " +":meth:`date.ctime` 并不会) 。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:774 +msgid "" +"Return a string representing the date, controlled by an explicit format " +"string. Format codes referring to hours, minutes or seconds will see 0 " +"values. See also :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` and " +":meth:`date.isoformat`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由显式格式字符串所控制的，代表日期的字符串。 表示时、分或秒的格式代码值将为 0。 另请参阅 :ref:`strftime-strptime-" +"behavior` 和 :meth:`date.isoformat`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:781 +msgid "" +"Same as :meth:`.date.strftime`. This makes it possible to specify a format " +"string for a :class:`.date` object in :ref:`formatted string literals " +"` and when using :meth:`str.format`. See also :ref:`strftime-" +"strptime-behavior` and :meth:`date.isoformat`." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`.date.strftime` 相同。 此方法使得在 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` 中以及使用 " +":meth:`str.format` 时为 :class:`.date` 对象指定格式字符串成为可能。 另请参阅 :ref:`strftime-" +"strptime-behavior` 和 :meth:`date.isoformat`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:787 +msgid "Examples of Usage: :class:`date`" +msgstr ":class:`date` 用法示例" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:789 +msgid "Example of counting days to an event::" +msgstr "计算距离特定事件天数的例子::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:791 +msgid "" +">>> import time\n" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> today = date.today()\n" +">>> today\n" +"datetime.date(2007, 12, 5)\n" +">>> today == date.fromtimestamp(time.time())\n" +"True\n" +">>> my_birthday = date(today.year, 6, 24)\n" +">>> if my_birthday < today:\n" +"... my_birthday = my_birthday.replace(year=today.year + 1)\n" +"...\n" +">>> my_birthday\n" +"datetime.date(2008, 6, 24)\n" +">>> time_to_birthday = abs(my_birthday - today)\n" +">>> time_to_birthday.days\n" +"202" +msgstr "" +">>> import time\n" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> today = date.today()\n" +">>> today\n" +"datetime.date(2007, 12, 5)\n" +">>> today == date.fromtimestamp(time.time())\n" +"True\n" +">>> my_birthday = date(today.year, 6, 24)\n" +">>> if my_birthday < today:\n" +"... my_birthday = my_birthday.replace(year=today.year + 1)\n" +"...\n" +">>> my_birthday\n" +"datetime.date(2008, 6, 24)\n" +">>> time_to_birthday = abs(my_birthday - today)\n" +">>> time_to_birthday.days\n" +"202" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:808 +msgid "More examples of working with :class:`date`:" +msgstr "使用 :class:`date` 的更多例子：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:810 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> d = date.fromordinal(730920) # 730920th day after 1. 1. 0001\n" +">>> d\n" +"datetime.date(2002, 3, 11)\n" +"\n" +">>> # Methods related to formatting string output\n" +">>> d.isoformat()\n" +"'2002-03-11'\n" +">>> d.strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\")\n" +"'11/03/02'\n" +">>> d.strftime(\"%A %d. %B %Y\")\n" +"'Monday 11. March 2002'\n" +">>> d.ctime()\n" +"'Mon Mar 11 00:00:00 2002'\n" +">>> 'The {1} is {0:%d}, the {2} is {0:%B}.'.format(d, \"day\", \"month\")\n" +"'The day is 11, the month is March.'\n" +"\n" +">>> # Methods for to extracting 'components' under different calendars\n" +">>> t = d.timetuple()\n" +">>> for i in t:\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"2002 # year\n" +"3 # month\n" +"11 # day\n" +"0\n" +"0\n" +"0\n" +"0 # weekday (0 = Monday)\n" +"70 # 70th day in the year\n" +"-1\n" +">>> ic = d.isocalendar()\n" +">>> for i in ic:\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"2002 # ISO year\n" +"11 # ISO week number\n" +"1 # ISO day number ( 1 = Monday )\n" +"\n" +">>> # A date object is immutable; all operations produce a new object\n" +">>> d.replace(year=2005)\n" +"datetime.date(2005, 3, 11)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> d = date.fromordinal(730920) # 1. 1. 0001 之后的第 730920 天\n" +">>> d\n" +"datetime.date(2002, 3, 11)\n" +"\n" +">>> # 有关格式化字符串输出的方法\n" +">>> d.isoformat()\n" +"'2002-03-11'\n" +">>> d.strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\")\n" +"'11/03/02'\n" +">>> d.strftime(\"%A %d. %B %Y\")\n" +"'Monday 11. March 2002'\n" +">>> d.ctime()\n" +"'Mon Mar 11 00:00:00 2002'\n" +">>> 'The {1} is {0:%d}, the {2} is {0:%B}.'.format(d, \"day\", \"month\")\n" +"'The day is 11, the month is March.'\n" +"\n" +">>> # 用于提取不同历法中的‘部分’的方法\n" +">>> t = d.timetuple()\n" +">>> for i in t:\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"2002 # 年\n" +"3 # 月\n" +"11 # 日\n" +"0\n" +"0\n" +"0\n" +"0 # 周序号 (0 = 星期一)\n" +"70 # 当年的第 70 天\n" +"-1\n" +">>> ic = d.isocalendar()\n" +">>> for i in ic:\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"2002 # ISO 年\n" +"11 # ISO 第几周\n" +"1 # ISO 周序号 ( 1 = 星期一 )\n" +"\n" +">>> # 日期对象是不可变的；所有操作都将产生一个新对象\n" +">>> d.replace(year=2005)\n" +"datetime.date(2005, 3, 11)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:857 +msgid ":class:`.datetime` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`.datetime` 对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:859 +msgid "" +"A :class:`.datetime` object is a single object containing all the " +"information from a :class:`date` object and a :class:`.time` object." +msgstr "" +":class:`.datetime` 对象是包含来自 :class:`date` 对象和 :class:`.time` 对象的所有信息的单一对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:862 +msgid "" +"Like a :class:`date` object, :class:`.datetime` assumes the current " +"Gregorian calendar extended in both directions; like a :class:`.time` " +"object, :class:`.datetime` assumes there are exactly 3600\\*24 seconds in " +"every day." +msgstr "" +"与 :class:`date` 对象一样，:class:`.datetime` 假定当前的格列高利历向前后两个方向无限延伸；与 " +":class:`.time` 对象一样，:class:`.datetime` 假定每一天恰好有 3600\\*24 秒。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:866 +msgid "Constructor:" +msgstr "构造器 ：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:870 +msgid "" +"The *year*, *month* and *day* arguments are required. *tzinfo* may be " +"``None``, or an instance of a :class:`tzinfo` subclass. The remaining " +"arguments must be integers in the following ranges:" +msgstr "" +"*year*, *month* 和 *day* 参数是必须的。 *tzinfo* 可以是 ``None`` 或者是一个 :class:`tzinfo` " +"子类的实例。 其余的参数必须是在下面范围内的整数：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:874 +msgid "``MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR``," +msgstr "``MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR``," + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:875 +msgid "``1 <= month <= 12``," +msgstr "``1 <= month <= 12``," + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:876 +msgid "``1 <= day <= number of days in the given month and year``," +msgstr "``1 <= day <= 指定年月的天数``," + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:877 ../../library/datetime.rst:1755 +msgid "``0 <= hour < 24``," +msgstr "``0 <= hour < 24``," + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:878 ../../library/datetime.rst:1756 +msgid "``0 <= minute < 60``," +msgstr "``0 <= minute < 60``," + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:879 ../../library/datetime.rst:1757 +msgid "``0 <= second < 60``," +msgstr "``0 <= second < 60``," + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:880 ../../library/datetime.rst:1758 +msgid "``0 <= microsecond < 1000000``," +msgstr "``0 <= microsecond < 1000000``," + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:881 ../../library/datetime.rst:1759 +msgid "``fold in [0, 1]``." +msgstr "``fold in [0, 1]``." + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:885 ../../library/datetime.rst:1326 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1904 +msgid "Added the *fold* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *fold* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:892 +msgid "Return the current local date and time, with :attr:`.tzinfo` ``None``." +msgstr "返回表示当前地方时的 date 和 time，其中 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:894 +msgid "Equivalent to::" +msgstr "等价于::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:896 +msgid "datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())" +msgstr "datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:898 +msgid "See also :meth:`now`, :meth:`fromtimestamp`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :meth:`now`, :meth:`fromtimestamp`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:900 +msgid "" +"This method is functionally equivalent to :meth:`now`, but without a ``tz`` " +"parameter." +msgstr "此方法的功能等价于 :meth:`now`，但是不带 ``tz`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:905 +msgid "Return the current local date and time." +msgstr "返回表示当前地方时的 date 和 time 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:907 +msgid "" +"If optional argument *tz* is ``None`` or not specified, this is like " +":meth:`today`, but, if possible, supplies more precision than can be gotten " +"from going through a :func:`time.time` timestamp (for example, this may be " +"possible on platforms supplying the C :c:func:`gettimeofday` function)." +msgstr "" +"如果可选参数 *tz* 为 ``None`` 或未指定，这就类似于 :meth:`today`，但该方法会在可能的情况下提供比通过 " +":func:`time.time` 时间戳所获时间值更高的精度（例如，在提供了 C :c:func:`gettimeofday` " +"函数的平台上就可以做到这一点）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:913 +msgid "" +"If *tz* is not ``None``, it must be an instance of a :class:`tzinfo` " +"subclass, and the current date and time are converted to *tz*’s time zone." +msgstr "" +"如果 *tz* 不为 ``None``，它必须是 :class:`tzinfo` 子类的一个实例，并且当前日期和时间将被转换到 *tz* 时区。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:916 +msgid "This function is preferred over :meth:`today` and :meth:`utcnow`." +msgstr "此函数可以替代 :meth:`today` 和 :meth:`utcnow`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:920 +msgid "" +"Subsequent calls to :meth:`!datetime.now` may return the same instant " +"depending on the precision of the underlying clock." +msgstr "对 :meth:`!datetime.now` 的后续调用可能由于下层时钟的精度返回相同的时刻。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:925 +msgid "Return the current UTC date and time, with :attr:`.tzinfo` ``None``." +msgstr "返回表示当前 UTC 时间的 date 和 time，其中 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:927 +msgid "" +"This is like :meth:`now`, but returns the current UTC date and time, as a " +"naive :class:`.datetime` object. An aware current UTC datetime can be " +"obtained by calling ``datetime.now(timezone.utc)``. See also :meth:`now`." +msgstr "" +"这类似于 :meth:`now`，但返回的是当前 UTC 日期和时间，类型为简单型 :class:`.datetime` 对象。 感知型的当前 UTC " +"日期时间可通过调用 ``datetime.now(timezone.utc)`` 来获得。 另请参阅 :meth:`now`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:933 +msgid "" +"Because naive ``datetime`` objects are treated by many ``datetime`` methods " +"as local times, it is preferred to use aware datetimes to represent times in" +" UTC. As such, the recommended way to create an object representing the " +"current time in UTC is by calling ``datetime.now(timezone.utc)``." +msgstr "" +"由于简单型 ``datetime`` 对象会被许多 ``datetime`` 方法当作本地时间来处理，最好是使用感知型日期时间对象来表示 UTC 时间。" +" 因此，创建表示当前 UTC 时间的对象的推荐方式是通过调用 ``datetime.now(timezone.utc)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:940 +msgid "Use :meth:`datetime.now` with :const:`UTC` instead." +msgstr "改用带 :const:`UTC` 的 :meth:`datetime.now`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:945 +msgid "" +"Return the local date and time corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as" +" is returned by :func:`time.time`. If optional argument *tz* is ``None`` or " +"not specified, the timestamp is converted to the platform's local date and " +"time, and the returned :class:`.datetime` object is naive." +msgstr "" +"返回 POSIX 时间戳对应的本地日期和时间，如 :func:`time.time` 返回的。 如果可选参数 *tz* 指定为 ``None`` " +"或未指定，时间戳将转换为平台的本地日期和时间，并且返回的 :class:`.datetime` 对象将为简单型。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:950 +msgid "" +"If *tz* is not ``None``, it must be an instance of a :class:`tzinfo` " +"subclass, and the timestamp is converted to *tz*’s time zone." +msgstr "" +"如果 *tz* 不为 ``None``，它必须是 :class:`tzinfo` 子类的一个实例，并且时间戳将被转换到 *tz* 指定的时区。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:953 +msgid "" +":meth:`fromtimestamp` may raise :exc:`OverflowError`, if the timestamp is " +"out of the range of values supported by the platform C :c:func:`localtime` " +"or :c:func:`gmtime` functions, and :exc:`OSError` on :c:func:`localtime` or " +":c:func:`gmtime` failure. It's common for this to be restricted to years in " +"1970 through 2038. Note that on non-POSIX systems that include leap seconds " +"in their notion of a timestamp, leap seconds are ignored by " +":meth:`fromtimestamp`, and then it's possible to have two timestamps " +"differing by a second that yield identical :class:`.datetime` objects. This " +"method is preferred over :meth:`utcfromtimestamp`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`fromtimestamp` 可能会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`，如果时间戳数值超出所在平台 C " +":c:func:`localtime` 或 :c:func:`gmtime` 函数的支持范围的话，并会在 :c:func:`localtime` 或 " +":c:func:`gmtime` 报错时引发 :exc:`OSError`。 通常该数值会被限制在 1970 年至 2038 年之间。 " +"请注意在时间戳概念包含闰秒的非 POSIX 系统上，闰秒会被 :meth:`fromtimestamp` " +"所忽略，结果可能导致两个相差一秒的时间戳产生相同的 :class:`.datetime` 对象。 相比 :meth:`utcfromtimestamp`" +" 更推荐使用此方法。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` if the timestamp is " +"out of the range of values supported by the platform C :c:func:`localtime` " +"or :c:func:`gmtime` functions. Raise :exc:`OSError` instead of " +":exc:`ValueError` on :c:func:`localtime` or :c:func:`gmtime` failure." +msgstr "" +"引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError`，如果时间戳数值超出所在平台 C " +":c:func:`localtime` 或 :c:func:`gmtime` 函数的支持范围的话。 并会在 :c:func:`localtime` 或 " +":c:func:`gmtime` 出错时引发 :exc:`OSError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:971 +msgid "" +":meth:`fromtimestamp` may return instances with :attr:`.fold` set to 1." +msgstr ":meth:`fromtimestamp` 可能返回 :attr:`.fold` 值设为 1 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:976 +msgid "" +"Return the UTC :class:`.datetime` corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, with" +" :attr:`.tzinfo` ``None``. (The resulting object is naive.)" +msgstr "" +"返回对应于 POSIX 时间戳的 UTC :class:`.datetime`，其中 :attr:`.tzinfo` 值为 ``None``。 " +"（结果为简单型对象。）" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:979 +msgid "" +"This may raise :exc:`OverflowError`, if the timestamp is out of the range of" +" values supported by the platform C :c:func:`gmtime` function, and " +":exc:`OSError` on :c:func:`gmtime` failure. It's common for this to be " +"restricted to years in 1970 through 2038." +msgstr "" +"这可能引发 :exc:`OverflowError`，如果时间戳数值超出所在平台 C :c:func:`gmtime` 函数的支持范围的话，并会在 " +":c:func:`gmtime` 报错时引发 :exc:`OSError`。 通常该数值会被限制在 1970 至 2038 年之间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:984 +msgid "" +"To get an aware :class:`.datetime` object, call :meth:`fromtimestamp`::" +msgstr "要得到一个感知型 :class:`.datetime` 对象，应调用 :meth:`fromtimestamp`::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:986 +msgid "datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, timezone.utc)" +msgstr "datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, timezone.utc)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:988 +msgid "" +"On the POSIX compliant platforms, it is equivalent to the following " +"expression::" +msgstr "在 POSIX 兼容的平台上，它等价于以下表达式::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:991 +msgid "" +"datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=timestamp)" +msgstr "" +"datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=timestamp)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:993 +msgid "" +"except the latter formula always supports the full years range: between " +":const:`MINYEAR` and :const:`MAXYEAR` inclusive." +msgstr "不同之处在于后一种形式总是支持完整年份范围：从 :const:`MINYEAR` 到 :const:`MAXYEAR` 的开区间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Because naive ``datetime`` objects are treated by many ``datetime`` methods " +"as local times, it is preferred to use aware datetimes to represent times in" +" UTC. As such, the recommended way to create an object representing a " +"specific timestamp in UTC is by calling ``datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, " +"tz=timezone.utc)``." +msgstr "" +"由于简单型 ``datetime`` 对象会被许多 ``datetime`` 方法当作本地时间来处理，最好是使用感知型日期时间对象来表示 UTC 时间。" +" 因此，创建表示特定 UTC 时间戳的日期时间对象的推荐方式是通过调用 ``datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, " +"tz=timezone.utc)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`OverflowError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` if the timestamp is " +"out of the range of values supported by the platform C :c:func:`gmtime` " +"function. Raise :exc:`OSError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` on " +":c:func:`gmtime` failure." +msgstr "" +"引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError`，如果时间戳数值超出所在平台 C " +":c:func:`gmtime` 函数的支持范围的话。 并会在 :c:func:`gmtime` 出错时引发 :exc:`OSError` 而不是 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1012 +msgid "Use :meth:`datetime.fromtimestamp` with :const:`UTC` instead." +msgstr "改用带 :const:`UTC` 的 :meth:`datetime.fromtimestamp`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"Return the :class:`.datetime` corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian " +"ordinal, where January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1. :exc:`ValueError` is " +"raised unless ``1 <= ordinal <= datetime.max.toordinal()``. The hour, " +"minute, second and microsecond of the result are all 0, and :attr:`.tzinfo` " +"is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"返回对应于预期格列高利历序号的 :class:`.datetime`，其中公元 1 年 1 月 1 日的序号为 1。 除非 ``1 <= ordinal" +" <= datetime.max.toordinal()`` 否则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 结果的 hour, minute, " +"second 和 microsecond 值均为 0，并且 :attr:`.tzinfo` 值为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`.datetime` object whose date components are equal to " +"the given :class:`date` object's, and whose time components are equal to the" +" given :class:`.time` object's. If the *tzinfo* argument is provided, its " +"value is used to set the :attr:`.tzinfo` attribute of the result, otherwise " +"the :attr:`~.time.tzinfo` attribute of the *time* argument is used. If the " +"*date* argument is a :class:`.datetime` object, its time components and " +":attr:`.tzinfo` attributes are ignored." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`.datetime` 对象，其日期部分等于给定的 :class:`date` 对象的值，而其时间部分等于给定的 " +":class:`.time` 对象的值。 如果提供了 *tzinfo* 参数，其值会被用来设置结果的 :attr:`.tzinfo` 属性，否则将使用 " +"*time* 参数的 :attr:`~.time.tzinfo` 属性。 如果 *date* 参数是一个 :class:`.datetime` " +"对象，则其时间部分和 :attr:`.tzinfo` 属性将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"For any :class:`.datetime` object ``d``, ``d == datetime.combine(d.date(), " +"d.time(), d.tzinfo)``." +msgstr "" +"对于任意 :class:`.datetime` 对象 ``d``，``d == datetime.combine(d.date(), d.time()," +" d.tzinfo)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1036 +msgid "Added the *tzinfo* argument." +msgstr "增加了 *tzinfo* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`.datetime` corresponding to a *date_string* in any valid " +"ISO 8601 format, with the following exceptions:" +msgstr "返回一个对应于以任何有效的 8601 格式给出的 *date_string* 的 :class:`.datetime`，下列格式除外:" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1045 ../../library/datetime.rst:1855 +msgid "Time zone offsets may have fractional seconds." +msgstr "时区时差可能会有带小数的秒值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1046 +msgid "The ``T`` separator may be replaced by any single unicode character." +msgstr "``T`` 分隔符可以用任何单个 unicode 字符来替换。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1047 ../../library/datetime.rst:1860 +msgid "Fractional hours and minutes are not supported." +msgstr "带小数的时和分是不受支持的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1056 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 0)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('20111104')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 0)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04T00:05:23')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04T00:05:23Z')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('20111104T000523')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-W01-2T00:05:23.283')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04 00:05:23.283')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04 00:05:23.283+00:00')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04T00:05:23+04:00')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23,\n" +" tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=14400)))" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 0)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('20111104')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 0)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04T00:05:23')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04T00:05:23Z')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('20111104T000523')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-W01-2T00:05:23.283')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04 00:05:23.283')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04 00:05:23.283+00:00')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23, 283000, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> datetime.fromisoformat('2011-11-04T00:05:23+04:00')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 4, 0, 5, 23,\n" +" tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=14400)))" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"Previously, this method only supported formats that could be emitted by " +":meth:`date.isoformat` or :meth:`datetime.isoformat`." +msgstr "" +"在之前版本中，此方法仅支持可以由 :meth:`date.isoformat` 或 :meth:`datetime.isoformat` 发出的格式。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1085 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`.datetime` corresponding to the ISO calendar date specified" +" by year, week and day. The non-date components of the datetime are " +"populated with their normal default values. This is the inverse of the " +"function :meth:`datetime.isocalendar`." +msgstr "" +"返回以 year, week 和 day 值指明的 ISO 历法日期所对应的 :class:`.datetime`。 该datetime " +"对象的非日期部分将使用其标准默认值来填充。 这是函数 :meth:`datetime.isocalendar` 的逆操作。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1094 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`.datetime` corresponding to *date_string*, parsed according" +" to *format*." +msgstr "返回一个对应于 *date_string*，根据 *format* 进行解析得到的 :class:`.datetime` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"If *format* does not contain microseconds or time zone information, this is " +"equivalent to::" +msgstr "如果 *format* 不包含微秒或时区信息，这将等价于::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1099 ../../library/datetime.rst:2580 +msgid "datetime(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:6]))" +msgstr "datetime(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:6]))" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1101 +msgid "" +":exc:`ValueError` is raised if the date_string and format can't be parsed by" +" :func:`time.strptime` or if it returns a value which isn't a time tuple. " +"See also :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` and " +":meth:`datetime.fromisoformat`." +msgstr "" +"如果 date_string 和 format 无法被 :func:`time.strptime` 解析或它返回一个不是时间元组的值则将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 另请参阅 :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` 和 " +":meth:`datetime.fromisoformat`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"If *format* specifies a day of month without a year a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` is now emitted. This is to avoid a quadrennial " +"leap year bug in code seeking to parse only a month and day as the default " +"year used in absence of one in the format is not a leap year. Such *format* " +"values may raise an error as of Python 3.15. The workaround is to always " +"include a year in your *format*. If parsing *date_string* values that do " +"not have a year, explicitly add a year that is a leap year before parsing:" +msgstr "" +"现在如果 *format* 指定了月份日期但没有年份则会发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 " +"这是为了避免在代码中当格式缺少年份仅能解析月份和日期时将使用非闰年的默认年份而导致四年轮回的闰年程序错误。 这样的 *format* 值在 Python" +" 3.15 将可能引发错误。 绕过此问题的办法是始终在你的 *format* 中包括年份。 如果是解析不带年份的 *date_string* " +"值，则在解析之前显式地添加一个属于闰年的年份：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1117 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> date_string = \"02/29\"\n" +">>> when = datetime.strptime(f\"{date_string};1984\", \"%m/%d;%Y\") # Avoids leap year bug.\n" +">>> when.strftime(\"%B %d\")\n" +"'February 29'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> date_string = \"02/29\"\n" +">>> when = datetime.strptime(f\"{date_string};1984\", \"%m/%d;%Y\") # Avoids leap year bug.\n" +">>> when.strftime(\"%B %d\")\n" +"'February 29'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"The earliest representable :class:`.datetime`, ``datetime(MINYEAR, 1, 1, " +"tzinfo=None)``." +msgstr "最早的可表示 :class:`.datetime`，``datetime(MINYEAR, 1, 1, tzinfo=None)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"The latest representable :class:`.datetime`, ``datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23," +" 59, 59, 999999, tzinfo=None)``." +msgstr "" +"最晚的可表示 :class:`.datetime`，``datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999, " +"tzinfo=None)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"The smallest possible difference between non-equal :class:`.datetime` " +"objects, ``timedelta(microseconds=1)``." +msgstr "两个不相等的 :class:`.datetime` 对象之间可能的最小间隔，``timedelta(microseconds=1)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1165 ../../library/datetime.rst:1788 +msgid "In ``range(24)``." +msgstr "取值范围是 ``range(24)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1170 ../../library/datetime.rst:1175 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1793 ../../library/datetime.rst:1798 +msgid "In ``range(60)``." +msgstr "取值范围是 ``range(60)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1180 ../../library/datetime.rst:1803 +msgid "In ``range(1000000)``." +msgstr "取值范围是 ``range(1000000)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"The object passed as the *tzinfo* argument to the :class:`.datetime` " +"constructor, or ``None`` if none was passed." +msgstr "作为 *tzinfo* 参数被传给 :class:`.datetime` 构造器的对象，如果没有传入值则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1191 ../../library/datetime.rst:1814 +msgid "" +"In ``[0, 1]``. Used to disambiguate wall times during a repeated interval. " +"(A repeated interval occurs when clocks are rolled back at the end of " +"daylight saving time or when the UTC offset for the current zone is " +"decreased for political reasons.) The values 0 and 1 represent, " +"respectively, the earlier and later of the two moments with the same wall " +"time representation." +msgstr "" +"取值范围是 ``[0, 1]``。 用于在重复的时间段中消除边界时间的歧义。 （当夏令时结束时回拨时钟或由于政治原因导致当前时区的 UTC " +"时差减少就会出现重复时间段。） 取值 0 和 1 分别表示两个相同边界时间表示形式的前一个和后一个时间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1204 +msgid "``datetime2 = datetime1 + timedelta``" +msgstr "``datetime2 = datetime1 + timedelta``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1204 ../../library/datetime.rst:2427 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2432 ../../library/datetime.rst:2444 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2449 ../../library/datetime.rst:2509 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2514 ../../library/datetime.rst:2518 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1206 +msgid "``datetime2 = datetime1 - timedelta``" +msgstr "``datetime2 = datetime1 - timedelta``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1206 ../../library/datetime.rst:2460 +msgid "\\(2)" +msgstr "\\(2)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1208 +msgid "``timedelta = datetime1 - datetime2``" +msgstr "``timedelta = datetime1 - datetime2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``datetime1 == datetime2``" +msgstr "``datetime1 == datetime2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``datetime1 != datetime2``" +msgstr "``datetime1 != datetime2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``datetime1 < datetime2``" +msgstr "``datetime1 < datetime2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``datetime1 > datetime2``" +msgstr "``datetime1 > datetime2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``datetime1 <= datetime2``" +msgstr "``datetime1 <= datetime2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "``datetime1 >= datetime2``" +msgstr "``datetime1 >= datetime2``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1220 +msgid "" +"``datetime2`` is a duration of ``timedelta`` removed from ``datetime1``, " +"moving forward in time if ``timedelta.days > 0``, or backward if " +"``timedelta.days < 0``. The result has the same :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` " +"attribute as the input datetime, and ``datetime2 - datetime1 == timedelta`` " +"after. :exc:`OverflowError` is raised if ``datetime2.year`` would be smaller" +" than :const:`MINYEAR` or larger than :const:`MAXYEAR`. Note that no time " +"zone adjustments are done even if the input is an aware object." +msgstr "" +"``datetime2`` 是 ``datetime1`` 去掉 ``timedelta`` 时间段的结果，如果 ``timedelta.days > " +"0`` 则是在时间线上前进，如果 ``timedelta.days < 0`` 则时在时间线上后退。 该结果具有与输入的 datetime 相同的 " +":attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性，并且运算后 ``datetime2 - datetime1 == timedelta``。 " +"如果 ``datetime2.year`` 将要小于 :const:`MINYEAR` 或大于 :const:`MAXYEAR` 则会引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。 请注意即使输入的是一个感知型对象该方法也不会进行时区调整。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"Computes the ``datetime2`` such that ``datetime2 + timedelta == datetime1``." +" As for addition, the result has the same :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` " +"attribute as the input datetime, and no time zone adjustments are done even " +"if the input is aware." +msgstr "" +"计算 ``datetime2`` 使得 ``datetime2 + timedelta == datetime1``。 与相加操作一样，结果具有与输入的" +" datetime 相同的 :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性，即使输入的是一个感知型对象该方法也不会进行时区调整。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1234 +msgid "" +"Subtraction of a :class:`.datetime` from a :class:`.datetime` is defined " +"only if both operands are naive, or if both are aware. If one is aware and " +"the other is naive, :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"从一个 :class:`.datetime` 减去一个 :class:`.datetime` 仅对两个操作数均为简单型或均为感知型时有定义。 " +"如果一个是感知型而另一个是简单型，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1238 +msgid "" +"If both are naive, or both are aware and have the same " +":attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` attribute, the :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` " +"attributes are ignored, and the result is a :class:`timedelta` object ``t`` " +"such that ``datetime2 + t == datetime1``. No time zone adjustments are done " +"in this case." +msgstr "" +"如果两个操作数都是简单型，或都是感知型并且具有相同的 :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性，则 " +":attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性会被忽略，并且结果会是一个使得 ``datetime2 + t == datetime1`` 的" +" :class:`timedelta` 对象 ``t``。 在此情况下不会进行时区调整。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1243 +msgid "" +"If both are aware and have different :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` attributes, " +"``a-b`` acts as if ``a`` and ``b`` were first converted to naive UTC " +"datetimes. The result is ``(a.replace(tzinfo=None) - a.utcoffset()) - " +"(b.replace(tzinfo=None) - b.utcoffset())`` except that the implementation " +"never overflows." +msgstr "" +"如果两者均为感知型且具有不同的 :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性，``a-b`` 的效果就如同 ``a`` 和 ``b`` " +"首先被转换为简单型 UTC 日期时间。 结果将为 ``(a.replace(tzinfo=None) - a.utcoffset()) - " +"(b.replace(tzinfo=None) - b.utcoffset())``，不同之处在于具体实现绝对不会溢出。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1249 +msgid "" +":class:`.datetime` objects are equal if they represent the same date and " +"time, taking into account the time zone." +msgstr ":class:`.datetime` 对象如果在考虑时区的情况下表示相同的日期和时间那么就是相等的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1252 +msgid "Naive and aware :class:`!datetime` objects are never equal." +msgstr "简单型和感知型 :class:`!datetime` 对象绝不会相等。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1254 +msgid "" +"If both comparands are aware, and have the same :attr:`!tzinfo` attribute, " +"the :attr:`!tzinfo` and :attr:`~.datetime.fold` attributes are ignored and " +"the base datetimes are compared. If both comparands are aware and have " +"different :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` attributes, the comparison acts as " +"comparands were first converted to UTC datetimes except that the " +"implementation never overflows. :class:`!datetime` instances in a repeated " +"interval are never equal to :class:`!datetime` instances in other time zone." +msgstr "" +"如果两个操作数均为感知型，且具有相同的 :attr:`!tzinfo` 属性，则 :attr:`!tzinfo` 和 " +":attr:`~.datetime.fold` 属性将被忽略并对基本日期时间值进行比较。 如果两个操作数均为感知型且具有不同的 " +":attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性，则比较行为将如同两个操作数首先被转换为 UTC，不同之处是具体实现绝对不会溢出。 " +"具有重复间隔的 :class:`!datetime` 实例绝对不会等于属性其他时区的 :class:`!datetime` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1264 +msgid "" +"*datetime1* is considered less than *datetime2* when *datetime1* precedes " +"*datetime2* in time, taking into account the time zone." +msgstr "" +"在考虑时区的情况下，当 *datetime1* 的时间在 *datetime2* 之前则认为 *datetime1* 小于 *datetime2*。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Order comparison between naive and aware :class:`.datetime` objects raises " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "简单型和感知型 :class:`.datetime` 对象之间的顺序比较将会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"If both comparands are aware, and have the same :attr:`!tzinfo` attribute, " +"the :attr:`!tzinfo` and :attr:`~.datetime.fold` attributes are ignored and " +"the base datetimes are compared. If both comparands are aware and have " +"different :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` attributes, the comparison acts as " +"comparands were first converted to UTC datetimes except that the " +"implementation never overflows." +msgstr "" +"如果两个操作数均为感知型，且具有相同的 :attr:`!tzinfo` 属性，则 :attr:`!tzinfo` 和 " +":attr:`~.datetime.fold` 属性将被忽略并对基本日期时间值进行比较。 如果两个操作数均为感知型且具有不同的 " +":attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性，则比较行为将如同两个操作数首先被转换为 UTC 日期时间，不同之处是具体实现绝对不会溢出。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1277 +msgid "" +"Equality comparisons between aware and naive :class:`.datetime` instances " +"don't raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "感知型和简单型 :class:`.datetime` 实例之间的相等比较不会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1293 +msgid "Return :class:`date` object with same year, month and day." +msgstr "返回具有同样 year, month 和 day 值的 :class:`date` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1298 +msgid "" +"Return :class:`.time` object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond and" +" fold. :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None``. See also method :meth:`timetz`." +msgstr "" +"返回具有同样 hour, minute, second, microsecond 和 fold 值的 :class:`.time` 对象。 " +":attr:`.tzinfo` 值为 ``None``。 另请参见 :meth:`timetz` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1301 ../../library/datetime.rst:1310 +msgid "The fold value is copied to the returned :class:`.time` object." +msgstr "fold 值会被复制给返回的 :class:`.time` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"Return :class:`.time` object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond, " +"fold, and tzinfo attributes. See also method :meth:`time`." +msgstr "" +"返回具有同样 hour, minute, second, microsecond, fold 和 tzinfo 属性性的 :class:`.time` " +"对象。 另请参见 :meth:`time` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`datetime` object with the same attributes, but with " +"specified parameters updated. Note that ``tzinfo=None`` can be specified to " +"create a naive datetime from an aware datetime with no conversion of date " +"and time data." +msgstr "" +"返回一个具有同样属性的新的 :class:`datetime` 对象，但更新指定的形参。 请注意可以通过指定 ``tzinfo=None`` " +"基于一个感知型 datetime 创建一个简单型 datetime 而不必转换日期和时间数据。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1323 +msgid "" +":class:`.datetime` objects are also supported by generic function " +":func:`copy.replace`." +msgstr ":class:`.datetime` 对象也被泛型函数 :func:`copy.replace` 所支持。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1332 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`.datetime` object with new :attr:`.tzinfo` attribute *tz*, " +"adjusting the date and time data so the result is the same UTC time as " +"*self*, but in *tz*'s local time." +msgstr "" +"返回一个具有新的 :attr:`.tzinfo` 属性 *tz* 的 :class:`.datetime` 对象，并会调整日期和时间数据使得结果对应的 " +"UTC 时间与 *self* 相同，但为 *tz* 时区的本地时间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"If provided, *tz* must be an instance of a :class:`tzinfo` subclass, and its" +" :meth:`utcoffset` and :meth:`dst` methods must not return ``None``. If " +"*self* is naive, it is presumed to represent time in the system time zone." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *tz*，则它必须是一个 :class:`tzinfo` 子类的实例，并且其 :meth:`utcoffset` 和 :meth:`dst`" +" 方法不可返回 ``None``。 如果 *self* 为简单型，它会被假定为基于系统时区表示的时间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"If called without arguments (or with ``tz=None``) the system local time zone" +" is assumed for the target time zone. The ``.tzinfo`` attribute of the " +"converted datetime instance will be set to an instance of :class:`timezone` " +"with the zone name and offset obtained from the OS." +msgstr "" +"如果调用时不传入参数 (或传入 ``tz=None``) 则将假定目标时区为系统的本地时区。 转换后 datetime 实例的 ``.tzinfo`` " +"属性将被设为一个 :class:`timezone` 实例，时区名称和时差值将从 OS 获取。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"If ``self.tzinfo`` is *tz*, ``self.astimezone(tz)`` is equal to *self*: no " +"adjustment of date or time data is performed. Else the result is local time " +"in the time zone *tz*, representing the same UTC time as *self*: after " +"``astz = dt.astimezone(tz)``, ``astz - astz.utcoffset()`` will have the same" +" date and time data as ``dt - dt.utcoffset()``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``self.tzinfo`` 为 *tz*，``self.astimezone(tz)`` 等于 *self*: 不会对日期或时间数据进行调整。" +" 否则结果为 *tz* 时区的本地时间，代表的 UTC 时间与 *self* 相同：在 ``astz = dt.astimezone(tz)`` " +"之后，``astz - astz.utcoffset()`` 将具有与 ``dt - dt.utcoffset()`` 相同的日期和时间数据。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1351 +msgid "" +"If you merely want to attach a :class:`timezone` object *tz* to a datetime " +"*dt* without adjustment of date and time data, use " +"``dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)``. If you merely want to remove the " +":class:`!timezone` object from an aware datetime *dt* without conversion of " +"date and time data, use ``dt.replace(tzinfo=None)``." +msgstr "" +"如果你只是想要附加一个 :class:`timezone` 对象 *tz* 到一个 datetime 对象 *dt* 而不调整日期和时间数据，请使用 " +"``dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)``。 如果你只是想要从一个感知型 datetime 对象 *dt* 移除 " +":class:`!timezone` 对象，请使用 ``dt.replace(tzinfo=None)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"Note that the default :meth:`tzinfo.fromutc` method can be overridden in a " +":class:`tzinfo` subclass to affect the result returned by " +":meth:`astimezone`. Ignoring error cases, :meth:`astimezone` acts like::" +msgstr "" +"请注意默认的 :meth:`tzinfo.fromutc` 方法在 :class:`tzinfo` 的子类中可以被重写，从而影响 " +":meth:`astimezone` 的返回结果。 如果忽略出错的情况，:meth:`astimezone` 的行为就类似于::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1360 +msgid "" +"def astimezone(self, tz):\n" +" if self.tzinfo is tz:\n" +" return self\n" +" # Convert self to UTC, and attach the new timezone object.\n" +" utc = (self - self.utcoffset()).replace(tzinfo=tz)\n" +" # Convert from UTC to tz's local time.\n" +" return tz.fromutc(utc)" +msgstr "" +"def astimezone(self, tz):\n" +" if self.tzinfo is tz:\n" +" return self\n" +" # 将 self 转换为 UTC，并附加新的时区对象\n" +" utc = (self - self.utcoffset()).replace(tzinfo=tz)\n" +" # 从 UTC 转换为 tz 的地方时。\n" +" return tz.fromutc(utc)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1368 +msgid "*tz* now can be omitted." +msgstr "*tz* 现在可以被省略。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`astimezone` method can now be called on naive instances that are " +"presumed to represent system local time." +msgstr ":meth:`astimezone` 方法可以由简单型实例调用，这将假定其表示本地时间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1378 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None``, returns ``None``, else returns " +"``self.tzinfo.utcoffset(self)``, and raises an exception if the latter " +"doesn't return ``None`` or a :class:`timedelta` object with magnitude less " +"than one day." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``，则返回 ``None``，否则返回 " +"``self.tzinfo.utcoffset(self)``，并且在后者不返回 ``None`` 或者一个幅度小于一天的 " +":class:`timedelta` 对象时将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1382 ../../library/datetime.rst:1977 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2084 ../../library/datetime.rst:2329 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2341 ../../library/datetime.rst:2653 +msgid "The UTC offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes." +msgstr "UTC 时差不再限制为一个整数分钟值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None``, returns ``None``, else returns " +"``self.tzinfo.dst(self)``, and raises an exception if the latter doesn't " +"return ``None`` or a :class:`timedelta` object with magnitude less than one " +"day." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``，则返回 ``None``，否则返回 " +"``self.tzinfo.dst(self)``，并且在后者不返回 ``None`` 或者一个幅度小于一天的 :class:`timedelta` " +"对象时将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1392 ../../library/datetime.rst:1987 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2138 +msgid "The DST offset is not restricted to a whole number of minutes." +msgstr "DST 差值不再限制为一个整数分钟值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1398 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None``, returns ``None``, else returns " +"``self.tzinfo.tzname(self)``, raises an exception if the latter doesn't " +"return ``None`` or a string object," +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``，则返回 ``None``，否则返回 " +"``self.tzinfo.tzname(self)``，如果后者不返回 ``None`` 或者一个字符串对象则将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1409 +msgid "" +"time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day,\n" +" d.hour, d.minute, d.second,\n" +" d.weekday(), yday, dst))" +msgstr "" +"time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day,\n" +" d.hour, d.minute, d.second,\n" +" d.weekday(), yday, dst))" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1413 +msgid "" +"where ``yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1`` is the " +"day number within the current year starting with 1 for January 1st. The " +":attr:`~time.struct_time.tm_isdst` flag of the result is set according to " +"the :meth:`dst` method: :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None`` or :meth:`dst` returns " +"``None``, :attr:`!tm_isdst` is set to ``-1``; else if :meth:`dst` returns a " +"non-zero value, :attr:`!tm_isdst` is set to 1; else :attr:`!tm_isdst` is set" +" to 0." +msgstr "" +"其中 ``yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1`` " +"是日期在当前年份中的序号，起始值 1 表示 1 月 1 日。 结果的 :attr:`~time.struct_time.tm_isdst` 旗标会根据 " +":meth:`dst` 方法来设定：如果 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None`` 或 :meth:`dst` 返回 ``None``，则 " +":attr:`!tm_isdst` 将设为 ``-1``；否则如果 :meth:`dst` 返回非零值，则 :attr:`!tm_isdst` 将设为 " +"1；在其他情况下 :attr:`!tm_isdst` 将设为 0。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1424 +msgid "" +"If :class:`.datetime` instance ``d`` is naive, this is the same as " +"``d.timetuple()`` except that :attr:`~.time.struct_time.tm_isdst` is forced " +"to 0 regardless of what ``d.dst()`` returns. DST is never in effect for a " +"UTC time." +msgstr "" +"如果 :class:`.datetime` 实例 ``d`` 为简单型，这将与 ``d.timetuple()`` 相当，区别在于 " +":attr:`~.time.struct_time.tm_isdst` 会被强制设为 0 而无视 ``d.dst()`` 返回值。 DST 对于 UTC" +" 时间必定无效。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1428 +msgid "" +"If ``d`` is aware, ``d`` is normalized to UTC time, by subtracting " +"``d.utcoffset()``, and a :class:`time.struct_time` for the normalized time " +"is returned. :attr:`!tm_isdst` is forced to 0. Note that an " +":exc:`OverflowError` may be raised if ``d.year`` was ``MINYEAR`` or " +"``MAXYEAR`` and UTC adjustment spills over a year boundary." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``d`` 为感知型，则 ``d`` 会通过减去 ``d.utcoffset()`` 来标准化为 UTC 时间，并返回表示该标准化时间的 " +":class:`time.struct_time`。 :attr:`!tm_isdst` 将被强制设为 0。 请注意如果 ``d.year`` 为 " +"``MINYEAR`` 或 ``MAXYEAR`` 且 UTC 调整超出一年的边界则可能引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"Because naive ``datetime`` objects are treated by many ``datetime`` methods " +"as local times, it is preferred to use aware datetimes to represent times in" +" UTC; as a result, using :meth:`datetime.utctimetuple` may give misleading " +"results. If you have a naive ``datetime`` representing UTC, use " +"``datetime.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)`` to make it aware, at which point " +"you can use :meth:`.datetime.timetuple`." +msgstr "" +"由于简单型 ``datetime`` 对象会被许多 ``datetime`` 方法当作本地时间来处理，最好是使用感知型日期时间来表示 UTC " +"时间；因此，使用 :meth:`datetime.utctimetuple` 可能会给出误导性的结果。 如果你有一个表示 UTC 的简单型 " +"``datetime``，请使用 ``datetime.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)`` 将其改为感知型，这样你才能使用 " +":meth:`.datetime.timetuple`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1446 +msgid "" +"Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date. The same as " +"``self.date().toordinal()``." +msgstr "返回日期的预期格列高利历序号。 与 ``self.date().toordinal()`` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"Return POSIX timestamp corresponding to the :class:`.datetime` instance. The" +" return value is a :class:`float` similar to that returned by " +":func:`time.time`." +msgstr "" +"返回对应于 :class:`.datetime` 实例的 POSIX 时间戳。 此返回值是与 :func:`time.time` 返回值类似的 " +":class:`float` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1455 +msgid "" +"Naive :class:`.datetime` instances are assumed to represent local time and " +"this method relies on the platform C :c:func:`mktime` function to perform " +"the conversion. Since :class:`.datetime` supports wider range of values than" +" :c:func:`mktime` on many platforms, this method may raise " +":exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`OSError` for times far in the past or far in " +"the future." +msgstr "" +"简单型 :class:`.datetime` 实例会被假定为代表本地时间并且此方法依赖于平台的 C :c:func:`mktime` 函数来执行转换。 " +"由于在许多平台上 :class:`.datetime` 支持的取值范围比 :c:func:`mktime` " +"更广，对于极其遥远的过去或未来此方法可能会引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 或 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1462 +msgid "" +"For aware :class:`.datetime` instances, the return value is computed as::" +msgstr "对于感知型 :class:`.datetime` 实例，返回值的计算方式为::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1465 +msgid "(dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)).total_seconds()" +msgstr "(dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)).total_seconds()" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`timestamp` method uses the :attr:`.fold` attribute to " +"disambiguate the times during a repeated interval." +msgstr ":meth:`timestamp` 方法使用 :attr:`.fold` 属性来消除重复间隔中的时间歧义。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1475 +msgid "" +"There is no method to obtain the POSIX timestamp directly from a naive " +":class:`.datetime` instance representing UTC time. If your application uses " +"this convention and your system time zone is not set to UTC, you can obtain " +"the POSIX timestamp by supplying ``tzinfo=timezone.utc``::" +msgstr "" +"没有一个方法能直接从表示 UTC 时间的简单型 :class:`.datetime` 实例获取 POSIX 时间戳。 " +"如果你的应用程序使用此惯例并且你的系统时区不是设为 UTC，你可以通过提供 ``tzinfo=timezone.utc`` 来获取 POSIX " +"时间戳::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1481 +msgid "timestamp = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc).timestamp()" +msgstr "timestamp = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc).timestamp()" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1483 +msgid "or by calculating the timestamp directly::" +msgstr "或者通过直接计算时间戳::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1485 +msgid "timestamp = (dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1)) / timedelta(seconds=1)" +msgstr "timestamp = (dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1)) / timedelta(seconds=1)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6." +" The same as ``self.date().weekday()``. See also :meth:`isoweekday`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个整数代表星期几，星期一为 0，星期天为 6。 相当于 ``self.date().weekday()``。 另请参阅 " +":meth:`isoweekday`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7." +" The same as ``self.date().isoweekday()``. See also :meth:`weekday`, " +":meth:`isocalendar`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个整数代表星期几，星期一为 1，星期天为 7。 相当于 ``self.date().isoweekday()``。 另请参阅 " +":meth:`weekday`, :meth:`isocalendar`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`named tuple` with three components: ``year``, ``week`` and " +"``weekday``. The same as ``self.date().isocalendar()``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由三部分组成的 :term:`named tuple`: ``year``, ``week`` 和 ``weekday``。 等同于 " +"``self.date().isocalendar()``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1508 +msgid "Return a string representing the date and time in ISO 8601 format:" +msgstr "返回一个以 ISO 8601 格式表示的日期和时间字符串：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1510 +msgid "``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.ffffff``, if :attr:`microsecond` is not 0" +msgstr "``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.ffffff``，如果 :attr:`microsecond` 不为 0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1511 +msgid "``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS``, if :attr:`microsecond` is 0" +msgstr "``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS``，如果 :attr:`microsecond` 为 0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`utcoffset` does not return ``None``, a string is appended, giving " +"the UTC offset:" +msgstr "如果 :meth:`utcoffset` 返回值不为 ``None``，则添加一个字符串来给出 UTC 时差：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.ffffff+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``, if :attr:`microsecond` " +"is not 0" +msgstr "" +"``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.ffffff+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``，如果 :attr:`microsecond` 不为" +" 0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1518 +msgid "" +"``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``, if :attr:`microsecond` is 0" +msgstr "" +"``YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``，如果 :attr:`microsecond` 为 0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1522 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timezone\n" +">>> datetime(2019, 5, 18, 15, 17, 8, 132263).isoformat()\n" +"'2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263'\n" +">>> datetime(2019, 5, 18, 15, 17, tzinfo=timezone.utc).isoformat()\n" +"'2019-05-18T15:17:00+00:00'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timezone\n" +">>> datetime(2019, 5, 18, 15, 17, 8, 132263).isoformat()\n" +"'2019-05-18T15:17:08.132263'\n" +">>> datetime(2019, 5, 18, 15, 17, tzinfo=timezone.utc).isoformat()\n" +"'2019-05-18T15:17:00+00:00'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1528 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *sep* (default ``'T'``) is a one-character separator, " +"placed between the date and time portions of the result. For example::" +msgstr "可选参数 *sep* (默认为 ``'T'``) 为单个分隔字符，会被放在结果的日期和时间两部分之间。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1531 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime\n" +">>> class TZ(tzinfo):\n" +"... \"\"\"A time zone with an arbitrary, constant -06:39 offset.\"\"\"\n" +"... def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +"... return timedelta(hours=-6, minutes=-39)\n" +"...\n" +">>> datetime(2002, 12, 25, tzinfo=TZ()).isoformat(' ')\n" +"'2002-12-25 00:00:00-06:39'\n" +">>> datetime(2009, 11, 27, microsecond=100, tzinfo=TZ()).isoformat()\n" +"'2009-11-27T00:00:00.000100-06:39'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime\n" +">>> class TZ(tzinfo):\n" +"... \"\"\"A time zone with an arbitrary, constant -06:39 offset.\"\"\"\n" +"... def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +"... return timedelta(hours=-6, minutes=-39)\n" +"...\n" +">>> datetime(2002, 12, 25, tzinfo=TZ()).isoformat(' ')\n" +"'2002-12-25 00:00:00-06:39'\n" +">>> datetime(2009, 11, 27, microsecond=100, tzinfo=TZ()).isoformat()\n" +"'2009-11-27T00:00:00.000100-06:39'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1542 ../../library/datetime.rst:1917 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *timespec* specifies the number of additional " +"components of the time to include (the default is ``'auto'``). It can be one" +" of the following:" +msgstr "可选参数 *timespec* 要包含的额外时间组件值 (默认为 ``'auto'``)。它可以是以下值之一：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1546 ../../library/datetime.rst:1921 +msgid "" +"``'auto'``: Same as ``'seconds'`` if :attr:`microsecond` is 0, same as " +"``'microseconds'`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"``'auto'``: 如果 :attr:`microsecond` 为 0 则与 ``'seconds'`` 相同，否则与 " +"``'microseconds'`` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1548 ../../library/datetime.rst:1923 +msgid "``'hours'``: Include the :attr:`hour` in the two-digit ``HH`` format." +msgstr "``'hours'``: 以两个数码的 ``HH`` 格式 包含 :attr:`hour`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1549 ../../library/datetime.rst:1924 +msgid "" +"``'minutes'``: Include :attr:`hour` and :attr:`minute` in ``HH:MM`` format." +msgstr "``'minutes'``: 以 ``HH:MM`` 格式包含 :attr:`hour` 和 :attr:`minute`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1550 ../../library/datetime.rst:1925 +msgid "" +"``'seconds'``: Include :attr:`hour`, :attr:`minute`, and :attr:`second` in " +"``HH:MM:SS`` format." +msgstr "" +"``'seconds'``: 以 ``HH:MM:SS`` 格式包含 :attr:`hour`, :attr:`minute` 和 " +":attr:`second`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1552 ../../library/datetime.rst:1927 +msgid "" +"``'milliseconds'``: Include full time, but truncate fractional second part " +"to milliseconds. ``HH:MM:SS.sss`` format." +msgstr "``'milliseconds'``: 包含完整时间，但将秒值的小数部分截断至毫秒。 格式为 ``HH:MM:SS.sss``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1554 ../../library/datetime.rst:1929 +msgid "``'microseconds'``: Include full time in ``HH:MM:SS.ffffff`` format." +msgstr "``'microseconds'``: 以 ``HH:MM:SS.ffffff`` 格式包含完整时间。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1558 ../../library/datetime.rst:1933 +msgid "Excluded time components are truncated, not rounded." +msgstr "排除掉的时间部分将被截断，而不是被舍入。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1560 +msgid ":exc:`ValueError` will be raised on an invalid *timespec* argument::" +msgstr "对于无效的 *timespec* 参数将引发 :exc:`ValueError`::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1563 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> datetime.now().isoformat(timespec='minutes')\n" +"'2002-12-25T00:00'\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2015, 1, 1, 12, 30, 59, 0)\n" +">>> dt.isoformat(timespec='microseconds')\n" +"'2015-01-01T12:30:59.000000'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> datetime.now().isoformat(timespec='minutes')\n" +"'2002-12-25T00:00'\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2015, 1, 1, 12, 30, 59, 0)\n" +">>> dt.isoformat(timespec='microseconds')\n" +"'2015-01-01T12:30:59.000000'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1570 ../../library/datetime.rst:1948 +msgid "Added the *timespec* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *timespec* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1576 +msgid "" +"For a :class:`.datetime` instance ``d``, ``str(d)`` is equivalent to " +"``d.isoformat(' ')``." +msgstr "对于 :class:`.datetime` 实例 ``d``，``str(d)`` 等价于 ``d.isoformat(' ')``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1582 +msgid "Return a string representing the date and time::" +msgstr "返回一个表示日期和时间的字符串::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1584 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> datetime(2002, 12, 4, 20, 30, 40).ctime()\n" +"'Wed Dec 4 20:30:40 2002'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> datetime(2002, 12, 4, 20, 30, 40).ctime()\n" +"'Wed Dec 4 20:30:40 2002'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1588 +msgid "" +"The output string will *not* include time zone information, regardless of " +"whether the input is aware or naive." +msgstr "输出字符串将 *并不* 包括时区信息，无论输入的是感知型还是简单型。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"on platforms where the native C :c:func:`ctime` function (which " +":func:`time.ctime` invokes, but which :meth:`datetime.ctime` does not " +"invoke) conforms to the C standard." +msgstr "" +"在原生 C :c:func:`ctime` 函数遵循 C 标准的平台上 (:func:`time.ctime` 会发起对该函数的调用，但 " +":meth:`datetime.ctime` 并不会) 。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1602 +msgid "" +"Return a string representing the date and time, controlled by an explicit " +"format string. See also :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` and " +":meth:`datetime.isoformat`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由显式格式字符串所控制的，代表日期和时间的字符串。 另请参阅 :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` 和 " +":meth:`datetime.isoformat`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1609 +msgid "" +"Same as :meth:`.datetime.strftime`. This makes it possible to specify a " +"format string for a :class:`.datetime` object in :ref:`formatted string " +"literals ` and when using :meth:`str.format`. See also " +":ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` and :meth:`datetime.isoformat`." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`.datetime.strftime` 相同。 此方法使得在 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` 中以及使用 " +":meth:`str.format` 时为 :class:`.datetime` 对象指定格式字符串成为可能。 另请参阅 :ref:`strftime-" +"strptime-behavior` 和 :meth:`datetime.isoformat`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1616 +msgid "Examples of Usage: :class:`.datetime`" +msgstr "用法示例: :class:`.datetime`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1618 +msgid "Examples of working with :class:`.datetime` objects:" +msgstr "使用 :class:`.datetime` 对象的例子：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1620 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime, date, time, timezone\n" +"\n" +">>> # Using datetime.combine()\n" +">>> d = date(2005, 7, 14)\n" +">>> t = time(12, 30)\n" +">>> datetime.combine(d, t)\n" +"datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 14, 12, 30)\n" +"\n" +">>> # Using datetime.now()\n" +">>> datetime.now()\n" +"datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 16, 29, 43, 79043) # GMT +1\n" +">>> datetime.now(timezone.utc)\n" +"datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 15, 29, 43, 79060, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +"\n" +">>> # Using datetime.strptime()\n" +">>> dt = datetime.strptime(\"21/11/06 16:30\", \"%d/%m/%y %H:%M\")\n" +">>> dt\n" +"datetime.datetime(2006, 11, 21, 16, 30)\n" +"\n" +">>> # Using datetime.timetuple() to get tuple of all attributes\n" +">>> tt = dt.timetuple()\n" +">>> for it in tt:\n" +"... print(it)\n" +"...\n" +"2006 # year\n" +"11 # month\n" +"21 # day\n" +"16 # hour\n" +"30 # minute\n" +"0 # second\n" +"1 # weekday (0 = Monday)\n" +"325 # number of days since 1st January\n" +"-1 # dst - method tzinfo.dst() returned None\n" +"\n" +">>> # Date in ISO format\n" +">>> ic = dt.isocalendar()\n" +">>> for it in ic:\n" +"... print(it)\n" +"...\n" +"2006 # ISO year\n" +"47 # ISO week\n" +"2 # ISO weekday\n" +"\n" +">>> # Formatting a datetime\n" +">>> dt.strftime(\"%A, %d. %B %Y %I:%M%p\")\n" +"'Tuesday, 21. November 2006 04:30PM'\n" +">>> 'The {1} is {0:%d}, the {2} is {0:%B}, the {3} is {0:%I:%M%p}.'.format(dt, \"day\", \"month\", \"time\")\n" +"'The day is 21, the month is November, the time is 04:30PM.'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import datetime, date, time, timezone\n" +"\n" +">>> # 使用 datetime.combine()\n" +">>> d = date(2005, 7, 14)\n" +">>> t = time(12, 30)\n" +">>> datetime.combine(d, t)\n" +"datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 14, 12, 30)\n" +"\n" +">>> # 使用 datetime.now()\n" +">>> datetime.now()\n" +"datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 16, 29, 43, 79043) # GMT +1\n" +">>> datetime.now(timezone.utc)\n" +"datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 15, 29, 43, 79060, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +"\n" +">>> # 使用 datetime.strptime()\n" +">>> dt = datetime.strptime(\"21/11/06 16:30\", \"%d/%m/%y %H:%M\")\n" +">>> dt\n" +"datetime.datetime(2006, 11, 21, 16, 30)\n" +"\n" +">>> # 使用 datetime.timetuple() 来获取由所有属性组成的元组\n" +">>> tt = dt.timetuple()\n" +">>> for it in tt:\n" +"... print(it)\n" +"...\n" +"2006 # 年\n" +"11 # 月\n" +"21 # 日\n" +"16 # 时\n" +"30 # 分\n" +"0 # 秒\n" +"1 # 周序号 (0 = 星期一)\n" +"325 # 自 1 月 1 日开始的天数\n" +"-1 # dst - 方法 tzinfo.dst() 返回 None\n" +"\n" +">>> # ISO 格式的日期\n" +">>> ic = dt.isocalendar()\n" +">>> for it in ic:\n" +"... print(it)\n" +"...\n" +"2006 # ISO 年\n" +"47 # ISO 第几周\n" +"2 # ISO 周序号\n" +"\n" +">>> # 格式化日期时间对象\n" +">>> dt.strftime(\"%A, %d. %B %Y %I:%M%p\")\n" +"'Tuesday, 21. November 2006 04:30PM'\n" +">>> 'The {1} is {0:%d}, the {2} is {0:%B}, the {3} is {0:%I:%M%p}.'.format(dt, \"day\", \"month\", \"time\")\n" +"'The day is 21, the month is November, the time is 04:30PM.'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1671 +msgid "" +"The example below defines a :class:`tzinfo` subclass capturing time zone " +"information for Kabul, Afghanistan, which used +4 UTC until 1945 and then " +"+4:30 UTC thereafter::" +msgstr "" +"以下示例定义了一个 :class:`tzinfo` 子类，它捕获 Kabul, Afghanistan 时区的信息，该时区使用 +4 UTC 直到 " +"1945 年，之后则使用 +4:30 UTC::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1675 +msgid "" +"from datetime import timedelta, datetime, tzinfo, timezone\n" +"\n" +"class KabulTz(tzinfo):\n" +" # Kabul used +4 until 1945, when they moved to +4:30\n" +" UTC_MOVE_DATE = datetime(1944, 12, 31, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +"\n" +" def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +" if dt.year < 1945:\n" +" return timedelta(hours=4)\n" +" elif (1945, 1, 1, 0, 0) <= dt.timetuple()[:5] < (1945, 1, 1, 0, 30):\n" +" # An ambiguous (\"imaginary\") half-hour range representing\n" +" # a 'fold' in time due to the shift from +4 to +4:30.\n" +" # If dt falls in the imaginary range, use fold to decide how\n" +" # to resolve. See PEP495.\n" +" return timedelta(hours=4, minutes=(30 if dt.fold else 0))\n" +" else:\n" +" return timedelta(hours=4, minutes=30)\n" +"\n" +" def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" # Follow same validations as in datetime.tzinfo\n" +" if not isinstance(dt, datetime):\n" +" raise TypeError(\"fromutc() requires a datetime argument\")\n" +" if dt.tzinfo is not self:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"dt.tzinfo is not self\")\n" +"\n" +" # A custom implementation is required for fromutc as\n" +" # the input to this function is a datetime with utc values\n" +" # but with a tzinfo set to self.\n" +" # See datetime.astimezone or fromtimestamp.\n" +" if dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc) >= self.UTC_MOVE_DATE:\n" +" return dt + timedelta(hours=4, minutes=30)\n" +" else:\n" +" return dt + timedelta(hours=4)\n" +"\n" +" def dst(self, dt):\n" +" # Kabul does not observe daylight saving time.\n" +" return timedelta(0)\n" +"\n" +" def tzname(self, dt):\n" +" if dt >= self.UTC_MOVE_DATE:\n" +" return \"+04:30\"\n" +" return \"+04\"" +msgstr "" +"from datetime import timedelta, datetime, tzinfo, timezone\n" +"\n" +"class KabulTz(tzinfo):\n" +" # 喀布尔曾使用 +4 直到 1945 年，后改为 +4:30\n" +" UTC_MOVE_DATE = datetime(1944, 12, 31, 20, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +"\n" +" def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +" if dt.year < 1945:\n" +" return timedelta(hours=4)\n" +" elif (1945, 1, 1, 0, 0) <= dt.timetuple()[:5] < (1945, 1, 1, 0, 30):\n" +" # 带有歧义（“虚幻”）的半小时区间代表\n" +" # 由于从 +4 改为 +4:30 导致的时间‘折叠’。\n" +" # 如果 dt 落在此虚幻区间，则使用该折叠\n" +" # 确定如何计算。 参见 PEP495。\n" +" return timedelta(hours=4, minutes=(30 if dt.fold else 0))\n" +" else:\n" +" return timedelta(hours=4, minutes=30)\n" +"\n" +" def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" # 遵循与在 datetime.tzinfo 中相同的效力\n" +" if not isinstance(dt, datetime):\n" +" raise TypeError(\"fromutc() requires a datetime argument\")\n" +" if dt.tzinfo is not self:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"dt.tzinfo is not self\")\n" +"\n" +" # 需要一个针对 fromutc 的自定义实现\n" +" # 因为此函数的输入是 utc 日期时间值\n" +" # 但其 tzinfo 设为 self。\n" +" # 参见 datetime.astimezone 或 fromtimestamp。\n" +" if dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc) >= self.UTC_MOVE_DATE:\n" +" return dt + timedelta(hours=4, minutes=30)\n" +" else:\n" +" return dt + timedelta(hours=4)\n" +"\n" +" def dst(self, dt):\n" +" # 喀布尔不实行夏令时。\n" +" return timedelta(0)\n" +"\n" +" def tzname(self, dt):\n" +" if dt >= self.UTC_MOVE_DATE:\n" +" return \"+04:30\"\n" +" return \"+04\"" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1718 +msgid "Usage of ``KabulTz`` from above::" +msgstr "上述 ``KabulTz`` 的用法::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1720 +msgid "" +">>> tz1 = KabulTz()\n" +"\n" +">>> # Datetime before the change\n" +">>> dt1 = datetime(1900, 11, 21, 16, 30, tzinfo=tz1)\n" +">>> print(dt1.utcoffset())\n" +"4:00:00\n" +"\n" +">>> # Datetime after the change\n" +">>> dt2 = datetime(2006, 6, 14, 13, 0, tzinfo=tz1)\n" +">>> print(dt2.utcoffset())\n" +"4:30:00\n" +"\n" +">>> # Convert datetime to another time zone\n" +">>> dt3 = dt2.astimezone(timezone.utc)\n" +">>> dt3\n" +"datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 8, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> dt2\n" +"datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 13, 0, tzinfo=KabulTz())\n" +">>> dt2 == dt3\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> tz1 = KabulTz()\n" +"\n" +">>> # 修改前的日期时间\n" +">>> dt1 = datetime(1900, 11, 21, 16, 30, tzinfo=tz1)\n" +">>> print(dt1.utcoffset())\n" +"4:00:00\n" +"\n" +">>> # 修改后的日期时间\n" +">>> dt2 = datetime(2006, 6, 14, 13, 0, tzinfo=tz1)\n" +">>> print(dt2.utcoffset())\n" +"4:30:00\n" +"\n" +">>> # 将日期时间转换至另一个时区\n" +">>> dt3 = dt2.astimezone(timezone.utc)\n" +">>> dt3\n" +"datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 8, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> dt2\n" +"datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 13, 0, tzinfo=KabulTz())\n" +">>> dt2 == dt3\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1744 +msgid ":class:`.time` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`.time` 对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1746 +msgid "" +"A :class:`.time` object represents a (local) time of day, independent of any" +" particular day, and subject to adjustment via a :class:`tzinfo` object." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`.time` 对象代表某日的（本地）时间，它独立于任何特定日期，并可通过 :class:`tzinfo` 对象来调整。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1751 +msgid "" +"All arguments are optional. *tzinfo* may be ``None``, or an instance of a " +":class:`tzinfo` subclass. The remaining arguments must be integers in the " +"following ranges:" +msgstr "" +"所有参数都是可选的。 *tzinfo* 可以是 ``None``，或者是一个 :class:`tzinfo` 子类的实例。 " +"其余的参数必须是在下面范围内的整数：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1761 +msgid "" +"If an argument outside those ranges is given, :exc:`ValueError` is raised. " +"All default to 0 except *tzinfo*, which defaults to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果给出一个此范围以外的参数，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 所有参数默认值均为 0 但 *tzinfo* 除外，其默认值为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1769 +msgid "The earliest representable :class:`.time`, ``time(0, 0, 0, 0)``." +msgstr "早最的可表示 :class:`.time`, ``time(0, 0, 0, 0)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1774 +msgid "The latest representable :class:`.time`, ``time(23, 59, 59, 999999)``." +msgstr "最晚的可表示 :class:`.time`, ``time(23, 59, 59, 999999)``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1779 +msgid "" +"The smallest possible difference between non-equal :class:`.time` objects, " +"``timedelta(microseconds=1)``, although note that arithmetic on " +":class:`.time` objects is not supported." +msgstr "" +"两个不相等的 :class:`.time` 对象之间可能的最小间隔，``timedelta(microseconds=1)``，但是请注意 " +":class:`.time` 对象并不支持算术运算。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1808 +msgid "" +"The object passed as the tzinfo argument to the :class:`.time` constructor, " +"or ``None`` if none was passed." +msgstr "作为 tzinfo 参数被传给 :class:`.time` 构造器的对象，如果没有传入值则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1822 +msgid "" +":class:`.time` objects support equality and order comparisons, where ``a`` " +"is considered less than ``b`` when ``a`` precedes ``b`` in time." +msgstr ":class:`.time` 对象支持相等和顺序比较，当 ``a`` 的时间在 ``b`` 之前则认为 ``a`` 小于 ``b``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1825 +msgid "" +"Naive and aware :class:`!time` objects are never equal. Order comparison " +"between naive and aware :class:`!time` objects raises :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"简单型和感知型 :class:`!time` 对象绝对不会相等。 简单型和感知型 :class:`!time` 对象之间的顺序比较将会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1829 +msgid "" +"If both comparands are aware, and have the same :attr:`~.time.tzinfo` " +"attribute, the :attr:`!tzinfo` and :attr:`!fold` attributes are ignored and " +"the base times are compared. If both comparands are aware and have different" +" :attr:`!tzinfo` attributes, the comparands are first adjusted by " +"subtracting their UTC offsets (obtained from ``self.utcoffset()``)." +msgstr "" +"如果两个操作数均为感知型，且具有相同的 :attr:`~.time.tzinfo` 属性，则 :attr:`!tzinfo` 和 " +":attr:`!fold` 属性会被忽略并对基本时间值进行比较。 如果两个操作数均为感知型且具有不同的 :attr:`!tzinfo` " +"属性，则两个操作数将首先通过减去它们的 UTC 时差（从 ``self.utcoffset()`` 获取）来进行调整。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1835 +msgid "" +"Equality comparisons between aware and naive :class:`.time` instances don't " +"raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "感知型和简单型 :class:`.time` 实例之间的相等性比较不会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1839 +msgid "" +"In Boolean contexts, a :class:`.time` object is always considered to be " +"true." +msgstr "在布尔运算时，:class:`.time` 对象总是被视为真值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1841 +msgid "" +"Before Python 3.5, a :class:`.time` object was considered to be false if it " +"represented midnight in UTC. This behavior was considered obscure and error-" +"prone and has been removed in Python 3.5. See :issue:`13936` for full " +"details." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.5 之前，如果一个 :class:`.time` 对象代表 UTC 午夜零时则会被视为假值。 " +"此行为被认为容易引发困惑和错误，因此从 Python 3.5 起已被去除。 详情参见 :issue:`13936`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1848 +msgid "Other constructor:" +msgstr "其他构造方法：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1852 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`.time` corresponding to a *time_string* in any valid ISO " +"8601 format, with the following exceptions:" +msgstr "返回一个对应于以任何有效的 ISO 8601 格式给出的 *time_string* 的 :class:`.time`，下列格式除外:" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1856 +msgid "" +"The leading ``T``, normally required in cases where there may be ambiguity " +"between a date and a time, is not required." +msgstr "打头的 ``T``，通常在当日期和时间之间可能存在歧义时才有必要，不是必需的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"Fractional seconds may have any number of digits (anything beyond 6 will be " +"truncated)." +msgstr "带小数的秒值可以有任意多位数码（超过 6 位将被截断）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1862 +msgid "Examples:" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1864 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import time\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('T04:23:01')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('T042301')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01.000384')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, 384)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01,000384')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, 384)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01+04:00')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=14400)))\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01Z')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01+00:00')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import time\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('T04:23:01')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('T042301')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01.000384')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, 384)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01,000384')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, 384)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01+04:00')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=14400)))\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01Z')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +">>> time.fromisoformat('04:23:01+00:00')\n" +"datetime.time(4, 23, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1886 +msgid "" +"Previously, this method only supported formats that could be emitted by " +":meth:`time.isoformat`." +msgstr "在之前版本中，此方法仅支持可由 :meth:`time.isoformat` 发出的格式。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1896 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`.time` with the same values, but with specified " +"parameters updated. Note that ``tzinfo=None`` can be specified to create a " +"naive :class:`.time` from an aware :class:`.time`, without conversion of the" +" time data." +msgstr "" +"返回一个具有同样属性的新的 :class:`.time` 对象，但更新指定的形参。 请注意可以通过指定 ``tzinfo=None`` 基于一个感知型 " +":class:`.time` 创建一个简单型 :class:`.time`，而不必转换时间数据。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1901 +msgid "" +":class:`.time` objects are also supported by generic function " +":func:`copy.replace`." +msgstr ":class:`.time` 对象也被泛型函数 :func:`copy.replace` 所支持。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1910 +msgid "Return a string representing the time in ISO 8601 format, one of:" +msgstr "返回表示为下列 ISO 8601 格式之一的时间字符串：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1912 +msgid "``HH:MM:SS.ffffff``, if :attr:`microsecond` is not 0" +msgstr "``HH:MM:SS.ffffff``，如果 :attr:`microsecond` 不为 0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1913 +msgid "``HH:MM:SS``, if :attr:`microsecond` is 0" +msgstr "``HH:MM:SS``，如果 :attr:`microsecond` 为 0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1914 +msgid "" +"``HH:MM:SS.ffffff+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``, if :meth:`utcoffset` does not " +"return ``None``" +msgstr "" +"``HH:MM:SS.ffffff+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``，如果 :meth:`utcoffset` 不返回 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1915 +msgid "" +"``HH:MM:SS+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``, if :attr:`microsecond` is 0 and " +":meth:`utcoffset` does not return ``None``" +msgstr "" +"``HH:MM:SS+HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]``，如果 :attr:`microsecond` 为 0 并且 " +":meth:`utcoffset` 不返回 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1935 +msgid ":exc:`ValueError` will be raised on an invalid *timespec* argument." +msgstr "对于无效的 *timespec* 参数将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1939 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import time\n" +">>> time(hour=12, minute=34, second=56, microsecond=123456).isoformat(timespec='minutes')\n" +"'12:34'\n" +">>> dt = time(hour=12, minute=34, second=56, microsecond=0)\n" +">>> dt.isoformat(timespec='microseconds')\n" +"'12:34:56.000000'\n" +">>> dt.isoformat(timespec='auto')\n" +"'12:34:56'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import time\n" +">>> time(hour=12, minute=34, second=56, microsecond=123456).isoformat(timespec='minutes')\n" +"'12:34'\n" +">>> dt = time(hour=12, minute=34, second=56, microsecond=0)\n" +">>> dt.isoformat(timespec='microseconds')\n" +"'12:34:56.000000'\n" +">>> dt.isoformat(timespec='auto')\n" +"'12:34:56'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1954 +msgid "For a time ``t``, ``str(t)`` is equivalent to ``t.isoformat()``." +msgstr "对于时间对象 ``t``，``str(t)`` 等价于 ``t.isoformat()``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1959 +msgid "" +"Return a string representing the time, controlled by an explicit format " +"string. See also :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` and " +":meth:`time.isoformat`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由显式格式字符串所控制的，代表时间的字符串。 另请参阅 :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior` 和 " +":meth:`time.isoformat`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1965 +msgid "" +"Same as :meth:`.time.strftime`. This makes it possible to specify a format " +"string for a :class:`.time` object in :ref:`formatted string literals " +"` and when using :meth:`str.format`. See also :ref:`strftime-" +"strptime-behavior` and :meth:`time.isoformat`." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`.time.strftime` 相同。 此方法使得在 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` 中以及使用 " +":meth:`str.format` 时为 :class:`.time` 对象指定格式字符串成为可能。 另请参阅 :ref:`strftime-" +"strptime-behavior` 和 :meth:`time.isoformat`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1973 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None``, returns ``None``, else returns " +"``self.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)``, and raises an exception if the latter " +"doesn't return ``None`` or a :class:`timedelta` object with magnitude less " +"than one day." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``，则返回 ``None``，否则返回 " +"``self.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)``，并且在后者不返回 ``None`` 或一个幅度小于一天的 a " +":class:`timedelta` 对象时将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1983 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None``, returns ``None``, else returns " +"``self.tzinfo.dst(None)``, and raises an exception if the latter doesn't " +"return ``None``, or a :class:`timedelta` object with magnitude less than one" +" day." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``，则返回 ``None``，否则返回 " +"``self.tzinfo.dst(None)``，并且在后者不返回 ``None`` 或者一个幅度小于一天的 :class:`timedelta` " +"对象时将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1992 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`.tzinfo` is ``None``, returns ``None``, else returns " +"``self.tzinfo.tzname(None)``, or raises an exception if the latter doesn't " +"return ``None`` or a string object." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`.tzinfo` 为 ``None``，则返回 ``None``，否则返回 " +"``self.tzinfo.tzname(None)``，如果后者不返回 ``None`` 或者一个字符串对象则将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1997 +msgid "Examples of Usage: :class:`.time`" +msgstr "用法示例: :class:`.time`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:1999 +msgid "Examples of working with a :class:`.time` object::" +msgstr "使用 :class:`.time` 对象的例子::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2001 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import time, tzinfo, timedelta\n" +">>> class TZ1(tzinfo):\n" +"... def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +"... return timedelta(hours=1)\n" +"... def dst(self, dt):\n" +"... return timedelta(0)\n" +"... def tzname(self,dt):\n" +"... return \"+01:00\"\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return f\"{self.__class__.__name__}()\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> t = time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=TZ1())\n" +">>> t\n" +"datetime.time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=TZ1())\n" +">>> t.isoformat()\n" +"'12:10:30+01:00'\n" +">>> t.dst()\n" +"datetime.timedelta(0)\n" +">>> t.tzname()\n" +"'+01:00'\n" +">>> t.strftime(\"%H:%M:%S %Z\")\n" +"'12:10:30 +01:00'\n" +">>> 'The {} is {:%H:%M}.'.format(\"time\", t)\n" +"'The time is 12:10.'" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import time, tzinfo, timedelta\n" +">>> class TZ1(tzinfo):\n" +"... def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +"... return timedelta(hours=1)\n" +"... def dst(self, dt):\n" +"... return timedelta(0)\n" +"... def tzname(self,dt):\n" +"... return \"+01:00\"\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return f\"{self.__class__.__name__}()\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> t = time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=TZ1())\n" +">>> t\n" +"datetime.time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=TZ1())\n" +">>> t.isoformat()\n" +"'12:10:30+01:00'\n" +">>> t.dst()\n" +"datetime.timedelta(0)\n" +">>> t.tzname()\n" +"'+01:00'\n" +">>> t.strftime(\"%H:%M:%S %Z\")\n" +"'12:10:30 +01:00'\n" +">>> 'The {} is {:%H:%M}.'.format(\"time\", t)\n" +"'The time is 12:10.'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2030 +msgid ":class:`tzinfo` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`tzinfo` 对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2034 +msgid "" +"This is an abstract base class, meaning that this class should not be " +"instantiated directly. Define a subclass of :class:`tzinfo` to capture " +"information about a particular time zone." +msgstr "这是一个抽象基类，也就是说该类不应被直接实例化。 请定义 :class:`tzinfo` 的子类来捕获有关特定时区的信息。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2038 +msgid "" +"An instance of (a concrete subclass of) :class:`tzinfo` can be passed to the" +" constructors for :class:`.datetime` and :class:`.time` objects. The latter " +"objects view their attributes as being in local time, and the " +":class:`tzinfo` object supports methods revealing offset of local time from " +"UTC, the name of the time zone, and DST offset, all relative to a date or " +"time object passed to them." +msgstr "" +":class:`tzinfo` 的（某个实体子类）的实例可以被传给 :class:`.datetime` 和 :class:`.time` " +"对象的构造器。 这些对象会将它们的属性视为对应于本地时间，并且 :class:`tzinfo` 对象支持展示本地时间与 UTC 的差值、时区名称以及 " +"DST 差值的方法，都是与传给它们的日期或时间对象的相对值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2044 +msgid "" +"You need to derive a concrete subclass, and (at least) supply " +"implementations of the standard :class:`tzinfo` methods needed by the " +":class:`.datetime` methods you use. The :mod:`!datetime` module provides " +":class:`timezone`, a simple concrete subclass of :class:`tzinfo` which can " +"represent time zones with fixed offset from UTC such as UTC itself or North " +"American EST and EDT." +msgstr "" +"你需要派生一个实体子类，并且（至少）提供你使用 :class:`.datetime` 方法所需要的标准 :class:`tzinfo` 方法的实现。 " +":mod:`!datetime` 模块提供了 :class:`timezone`，这是 :class:`tzinfo` 的一个简单实体子类，它能以与 " +"UTC 的固定差值来表示不同的时区，例如 UTC 本身或北美的 EST 和 EDT。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2051 +msgid "" +"Special requirement for pickling: A :class:`tzinfo` subclass must have an " +":meth:`~object.__init__` method that can be called with no arguments, " +"otherwise it can be pickled but possibly not unpickled again. This is a " +"technical requirement that may be relaxed in the future." +msgstr "" +"对于封存操作的特殊要求：一个 :class:`tzinfo` 子类必须具有可不带参数调用的 :meth:`~object.__init__` " +"方法，否则它虽然可以被封存，但可能无法再次解封。 这是个技术性要求，在未来可能会被取消。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2057 +msgid "" +"A concrete subclass of :class:`tzinfo` may need to implement the following " +"methods. Exactly which methods are needed depends on the uses made of aware " +":mod:`!datetime` objects. If in doubt, simply implement all of them." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`tzinfo` 的实体子类可能需要实现以下方法。 具体需要实现的方法取决于感知型 :mod:`!datetime` " +"对象如何使用它。 如果有疑问，可以简单地全部实现它们。objects. If in doubt, simply implement all of " +"them." + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2064 +msgid "" +"Return offset of local time from UTC, as a :class:`timedelta` object that is" +" positive east of UTC. If local time is west of UTC, this should be " +"negative." +msgstr "" +"将本地时间与 UTC 时差返回为一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象，如果本地时区在 UTC 以东则为正值。 如果本地时区在 UTC " +"以西则为负值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2067 +msgid "" +"This represents the *total* offset from UTC; for example, if a " +":class:`tzinfo` object represents both time zone and DST adjustments, " +":meth:`utcoffset` should return their sum. If the UTC offset isn't known, " +"return ``None``. Else the value returned must be a :class:`timedelta` object" +" strictly between ``-timedelta(hours=24)`` and ``timedelta(hours=24)`` (the " +"magnitude of the offset must be less than one day). Most implementations of " +":meth:`utcoffset` will probably look like one of these two::" +msgstr "" +"这表示与 UTC 的 *总计* 时差；举例来说，如果一个 :class:`tzinfo` 对象同时代表时区和 DST 调整，则 " +":meth:`utcoffset` 应当返回两者的和。 如果 UTC 时差不确定则返回 ``None``。 在其他情况下返回值必须为一个 " +":class:`timedelta` 对象，其取值严格限制于 ``-timedelta(hours=24)`` 和 " +"``timedelta(hours=24)`` 之间（差值的幅度必须小于一天）。 大多数 :meth:`utcoffset` " +"的实现看起来可能像是以下两者之一::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2075 +msgid "" +"return CONSTANT # fixed-offset class\n" +"return CONSTANT + self.dst(dt) # daylight-aware class" +msgstr "" +"return CONSTANT # 固定偏移类\n" +"return CONSTANT + self.dst(dt) # 夏令时感知类" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2078 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`utcoffset` does not return ``None``, :meth:`dst` should not return" +" ``None`` either." +msgstr "如果 :meth:`utcoffset` 返回值不为 ``None``，则 :meth:`dst` 也不应返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2081 +msgid "" +"The default implementation of :meth:`utcoffset` raises " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`." +msgstr "默认的 :meth:`utcoffset` 实现会引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2090 +msgid "" +"Return the daylight saving time (DST) adjustment, as a :class:`timedelta` " +"object or ``None`` if DST information isn't known." +msgstr "将夏令时（DST）调整返回为一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象，如果 DST 信息未知则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2094 +msgid "" +"Return ``timedelta(0)`` if DST is not in effect. If DST is in effect, return" +" the offset as a :class:`timedelta` object (see :meth:`utcoffset` for " +"details). Note that DST offset, if applicable, has already been added to the" +" UTC offset returned by :meth:`utcoffset`, so there's no need to consult " +":meth:`dst` unless you're interested in obtaining DST info separately. For " +"example, :meth:`datetime.timetuple` calls its :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` " +"attribute's :meth:`dst` method to determine how the " +":attr:`~time.struct_time.tm_isdst` flag should be set, and " +":meth:`tzinfo.fromutc` calls :meth:`dst` to account for DST changes when " +"crossing time zones." +msgstr "" +"如果 DST 未启用则返回 ``timedelta(0)``。 如果 DST 已启用，则将差值作为一个 :class:`timedelta` " +"对象返回（请参阅 :meth:`utcoffset` 了解详情）。 请注意 DST 差值如果可用，就会直接被加入 :meth:`utcoffset` " +"所返回的 UTC 时差，因此无需额外查询 :meth:`dst`，除非你希望单独获取 DST 信息。 " +"例如，:meth:`datetime.timetuple` 会调用其 :attr:`~.datetime.tzinfo` 属性的 :meth:`dst`" +" 方法来确定应该如何设置 :attr:`~time.struct_time.tm_isdst` 旗标，而 :meth:`tzinfo.fromutc` " +"会调用 :meth:`dst` 来在跨越时区时处理 DST 的改变。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"An instance *tz* of a :class:`tzinfo` subclass that models both standard and" +" daylight times must be consistent in this sense:" +msgstr "一个可以同时处理标准时和夏令时的 :class:`tzinfo` 子类的实例 *tz* 必须在此情形中保持一致：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2107 +msgid "``tz.utcoffset(dt) - tz.dst(dt)``" +msgstr "``tz.utcoffset(dt) - tz.dst(dt)``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"must return the same result for every :class:`.datetime` *dt* with " +"``dt.tzinfo == tz``. For sane :class:`tzinfo` subclasses, this expression " +"yields the time zone's \"standard offset\", which should not depend on the " +"date or the time, but only on geographic location. The implementation of " +":meth:`datetime.astimezone` relies on this, but cannot detect violations; " +"it's the programmer's responsibility to ensure it. If a :class:`tzinfo` " +"subclass cannot guarantee this, it may be able to override the default " +"implementation of :meth:`tzinfo.fromutc` to work correctly with " +":meth:`~.datetime.astimezone` regardless." +msgstr "" +"必须为具有 ``dt.tzinfo == tz`` 的每个 :class:`.datetime` *dt* 返回同样的结果。 对于同样的 " +":class:`tzinfo` 子类，此表达式会产生特定时区的“标准时差”，它不应依赖于具体日期或时间，而只依赖于地理位置。 " +":meth:`datetime.astimezone` 的实现依赖于此方法，但无法检测违反规则的情况；确保符合规则是程序员的责任。 如果一个 " +":class:`tzinfo` 子类不能保证这一点，也许可以重写 :meth:`tzinfo.fromutc` 的默认实现以便在任何情况下与 " +":meth:`~.datetime.astimezone` 正确配合。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2118 +msgid "" +"Most implementations of :meth:`dst` will probably look like one of these " +"two::" +msgstr "大多数 :meth:`dst` 的实现可能会如以下两者之一::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2120 +msgid "" +"def dst(self, dt):\n" +" # a fixed-offset class: doesn't account for DST\n" +" return timedelta(0)" +msgstr "" +"def dst(self, dt):\n" +" # 固定偏移类：不考虑夏令时\n" +" return timedelta(0)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2124 +msgid "or::" +msgstr "或者：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2126 +msgid "" +"def dst(self, dt):\n" +" # Code to set dston and dstoff to the time zone's DST\n" +" # transition times based on the input dt.year, and expressed\n" +" # in standard local time.\n" +"\n" +" if dston <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < dstoff:\n" +" return timedelta(hours=1)\n" +" else:\n" +" return timedelta(0)" +msgstr "" +"def dst(self, dt):\n" +" # 此代码根据输入的 dt.year 设置时区的夏令时\n" +" # 切换的开始和结束时刻 dston 和 dstoff，并以\n" +" # 标准地方时表示。\n" +"\n" +" if dston <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < dstoff:\n" +" return timedelta(hours=1)\n" +" else:\n" +" return timedelta(0)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2136 +msgid "" +"The default implementation of :meth:`dst` raises :exc:`NotImplementedError`." +msgstr "默认的 :meth:`dst` 实现会引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2144 +msgid "" +"Return the time zone name corresponding to the :class:`.datetime` object " +"*dt*, as a string. Nothing about string names is defined by the " +":mod:`!datetime` module, and there's no requirement that it mean anything in" +" particular. For example, ``\"GMT\"``, ``\"UTC\"``, ``\"-500\"``, " +"``\"-5:00\"``, ``\"EDT\"``, ``\"US/Eastern\"``, ``\"America/New York\"`` are" +" all valid replies. Return ``None`` if a string name isn't known. Note that " +"this is a method rather than a fixed string primarily because some " +":class:`tzinfo` subclasses will wish to return different names depending on " +"the specific value of *dt* passed, especially if the :class:`tzinfo` class " +"is accounting for daylight time." +msgstr "" +"将对应于 :class:`.datetime` 对象 *dt* 的时区名称作为字符串返回。 :mod:`!datetime` " +"模块未定义任何有关字符串名称的内容，也不要求它具有任何特定含义。 例如``\"GMT\"``, ``\"UTC\"``, ``\"-500\"``, " +"``\"-5:00\"``, ``\"EDT\"``, ``\"US/Eastern\"``, ``\"America/New York\"`` " +"都是有效的返回值。 如果字符串名称未知则返回 ``None``。 请注意这是一个方法而不是一个固定的字符串，这主要是因为某些 " +":class:`tzinfo` 子类可能需要根据所传入的特定 *dt* 值返回不同的名称，特别是在 :class:`tzinfo` " +"类要负责处理夏令时的场合中。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2154 +msgid "" +"The default implementation of :meth:`tzname` raises " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`." +msgstr "默认的 :meth:`tzname` 实现会引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2157 +msgid "" +"These methods are called by a :class:`.datetime` or :class:`.time` object, " +"in response to their methods of the same names. A :class:`.datetime` object " +"passes itself as the argument, and a :class:`.time` object passes ``None`` " +"as the argument. A :class:`tzinfo` subclass's methods should therefore be " +"prepared to accept a *dt* argument of ``None``, or of class " +":class:`.datetime`." +msgstr "" +"这些方法会被 :class:`.datetime` 或 :class:`.time` 对象调用，用来与它们的同名方法相对应。 " +":class:`.datetime` 对象会将自身作为传入参数，而 :class:`.time` 对象会将 ``None`` 作为传入参数。 这样 " +":class:`tzinfo` 子类的方法应当准备好接受 *dt* 参数值为 ``None`` 或是 :class:`.datetime` 类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2163 +msgid "" +"When ``None`` is passed, it's up to the class designer to decide the best " +"response. For example, returning ``None`` is appropriate if the class wishes" +" to say that time objects don't participate in the :class:`tzinfo` " +"protocols. It may be more useful for ``utcoffset(None)`` to return the " +"standard UTC offset, as there is no other convention for discovering the " +"standard offset." +msgstr "" +"当传入 ``None`` 时，应当由类的设计者来决定最佳回应方式。 例如，返回 ``None`` 适用于希望该类提示时间对象不参与 " +":class:`tzinfo` 协议处理。 让 ``utcoffset(None)`` 返回标准 UTC " +"时差也许会更有用处，因为并没有其他可用于发现标准时差的约定惯例。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2169 +msgid "" +"When a :class:`.datetime` object is passed in response to a " +":class:`.datetime` method, ``dt.tzinfo`` is the same object as *self*. " +":class:`tzinfo` methods can rely on this, unless user code calls " +":class:`tzinfo` methods directly. The intent is that the :class:`tzinfo` " +"methods interpret *dt* as being in local time, and not need worry about " +"objects in other time zones." +msgstr "" +"当传入一个 :class:`.datetime` 对象来回应 :class:`.datetime` 方法时，``dt.tzinfo`` 与 *self*" +" 是同一对象。 :class:`tzinfo` 方法可以依赖这一点，除非用户代码直接调用了 :class:`tzinfo` 方法。 此行为的目的是使得 " +":class:`tzinfo` 方法将 *dt* 解读为本地时间，而不需要担心其他时区的相关对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2175 +msgid "" +"There is one more :class:`tzinfo` method that a subclass may wish to " +"override:" +msgstr "还有一个额外的 :class:`tzinfo` 方法，某个子类可能会希望重写它：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2180 +msgid "" +"This is called from the default :meth:`datetime.astimezone` implementation. " +"When called from that, ``dt.tzinfo`` is *self*, and *dt*'s date and time " +"data are to be viewed as expressing a UTC time. The purpose of " +":meth:`fromutc` is to adjust the date and time data, returning an equivalent" +" datetime in *self*'s local time." +msgstr "" +"此方法会由默认的 :meth:`datetime.astimezone` 实现来调用。 当被其调用时，``dt.tzinfo`` 为 *self*，并且" +" *dt* 的日期和时间数据会被视为表示 UTC 时间。 :meth:`fromutc` 的目标是调整日期和时间数据，返回一个等价的表示 *self* " +"的本地时间的 datetime。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2186 +msgid "" +"Most :class:`tzinfo` subclasses should be able to inherit the default " +":meth:`fromutc` implementation without problems. It's strong enough to " +"handle fixed-offset time zones, and time zones accounting for both standard " +"and daylight time, and the latter even if the DST transition times differ in" +" different years. An example of a time zone the default :meth:`fromutc` " +"implementation may not handle correctly in all cases is one where the " +"standard offset (from UTC) depends on the specific date and time passed, " +"which can happen for political reasons. The default implementations of " +":meth:`~.datetime.astimezone` and :meth:`fromutc` may not produce the result" +" you want if the result is one of the hours straddling the moment the " +"standard offset changes." +msgstr "" +"大多数 :class:`tzinfo` 子类应该能够毫无问题地继承默认的 :meth:`fromutc` 实现。 " +"它的健壮性足以处理固定差值的时区以及同时负责标准时和夏令时的时区，对于后者甚至还能处理 DST 转换时间在各个年份有变化的情况。 一个默认 " +":meth:`fromutc` 实现可能无法在所有情况下正确处理的例子是（与 UTC " +"的）标准时差取决于所经过的特定日期和时间，这种情况可能由于政治原因而出现。 默认的 :meth:`~.datetime.astimezone` 和 " +":meth:`fromutc` 实现可能无法生成你希望的结果，如果这个结果恰好是跨越了标准时差发生改变的时刻当中的某个小时值的话。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2197 +msgid "" +"Skipping code for error cases, the default :meth:`fromutc` implementation " +"acts like::" +msgstr "忽略针对错误情况的代码，默认 :meth:`fromutc` 实现的行为方式如下::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2200 +msgid "" +"def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" # raise ValueError error if dt.tzinfo is not self\n" +" dtoff = dt.utcoffset()\n" +" dtdst = dt.dst()\n" +" # raise ValueError if dtoff is None or dtdst is None\n" +" delta = dtoff - dtdst # this is self's standard offset\n" +" if delta:\n" +" dt += delta # convert to standard local time\n" +" dtdst = dt.dst()\n" +" # raise ValueError if dtdst is None\n" +" if dtdst:\n" +" return dt + dtdst\n" +" else:\n" +" return dt" +msgstr "" +"def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" # 如果 dt.tzinfo 不为 self 则引发 ValueError\n" +" dtoff = dt.utcoffset()\n" +" dtdst = dt.dst()\n" +" # 如果 dtoff 为 None 或 dtdst 为 None 则引发 ValueError\n" +" delta = dtoff - dtdst # 这是 self 的标准偏移\n" +" if delta:\n" +" dt += delta # 转换为标准地方时\n" +" dtdst = dt.dst()\n" +" # 如果 dtdst 为 None 则引发 ValueError\n" +" if dtdst:\n" +" return dt + dtdst\n" +" else:\n" +" return dt" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2215 +msgid "" +"In the following :download:`tzinfo_examples.py " +"<../includes/tzinfo_examples.py>` file there are some examples of " +":class:`tzinfo` classes:" +msgstr "" +"在以下 :download:`tzinfo_examples.py <../includes/tzinfo_examples.py>` 文件中有一些 " +":class:`tzinfo` 类的例子：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime\n" +"\n" +"ZERO = timedelta(0)\n" +"HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)\n" +"SECOND = timedelta(seconds=1)\n" +"\n" +"# A class capturing the platform's idea of local time.\n" +"# (May result in wrong values on historical times in\n" +"# timezones where UTC offset and/or the DST rules had\n" +"# changed in the past.)\n" +"import time as _time\n" +"\n" +"STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.timezone)\n" +"if _time.daylight:\n" +" DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.altzone)\n" +"else:\n" +" DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET\n" +"\n" +"DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET\n" +"\n" +"class LocalTimezone(tzinfo):\n" +"\n" +" def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" assert dt.tzinfo is self\n" +" stamp = (dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=self)) // SECOND\n" +" args = _time.localtime(stamp)[:6]\n" +" dst_diff = DSTDIFF // SECOND\n" +" # Detect fold\n" +" fold = (args == _time.localtime(stamp - dst_diff))\n" +" return datetime(*args, microsecond=dt.microsecond,\n" +" tzinfo=self, fold=fold)\n" +"\n" +" def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +" if self._isdst(dt):\n" +" return DSTOFFSET\n" +" else:\n" +" return STDOFFSET\n" +"\n" +" def dst(self, dt):\n" +" if self._isdst(dt):\n" +" return DSTDIFF\n" +" else:\n" +" return ZERO\n" +"\n" +" def tzname(self, dt):\n" +" return _time.tzname[self._isdst(dt)]\n" +"\n" +" def _isdst(self, dt):\n" +" tt = (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day,\n" +" dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second,\n" +" dt.weekday(), 0, 0)\n" +" stamp = _time.mktime(tt)\n" +" tt = _time.localtime(stamp)\n" +" return tt.tm_isdst > 0\n" +"\n" +"Local = LocalTimezone()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# A complete implementation of current DST rules for major US time zones.\n" +"\n" +"def first_sunday_on_or_after(dt):\n" +" days_to_go = 6 - dt.weekday()\n" +" if days_to_go:\n" +" dt += timedelta(days_to_go)\n" +" return dt\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# US DST Rules\n" +"#\n" +"# This is a simplified (i.e., wrong for a few cases) set of rules for US\n" +"# DST start and end times. For a complete and up-to-date set of DST rules\n" +"# and timezone definitions, visit the Olson Database (or try pytz):\n" +"# http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm\n" +"# https://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/ (might not be up-to-date)\n" +"#\n" +"# In the US, since 2007, DST starts at 2am (standard time) on the second\n" +"# Sunday in March, which is the first Sunday on or after Mar 8.\n" +"DSTSTART_2007 = datetime(1, 3, 8, 2)\n" +"# and ends at 2am (DST time) on the first Sunday of Nov.\n" +"DSTEND_2007 = datetime(1, 11, 1, 2)\n" +"# From 1987 to 2006, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the first\n" +"# Sunday in April and to end at 2am (DST time) on the last\n" +"# Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday on or after Oct 25.\n" +"DSTSTART_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 4, 1, 2)\n" +"DSTEND_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 10, 25, 2)\n" +"# From 1967 to 1986, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the last\n" +"# Sunday in April (the one on or after April 24) and to end at 2am (DST time)\n" +"# on the last Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday\n" +"# on or after Oct 25.\n" +"DSTSTART_1967_1986 = datetime(1, 4, 24, 2)\n" +"DSTEND_1967_1986 = DSTEND_1987_2006\n" +"\n" +"def us_dst_range(year):\n" +" # Find start and end times for US DST. For years before 1967, return\n" +" # start = end for no DST.\n" +" if 2006 < year:\n" +" dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_2007, DSTEND_2007\n" +" elif 1986 < year < 2007:\n" +" dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1987_2006, DSTEND_1987_2006\n" +" elif 1966 < year < 1987:\n" +" dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1967_1986, DSTEND_1967_1986\n" +" else:\n" +" return (datetime(year, 1, 1), ) * 2\n" +"\n" +" start = first_sunday_on_or_after(dststart.replace(year=year))\n" +" end = first_sunday_on_or_after(dstend.replace(year=year))\n" +" return start, end\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class USTimeZone(tzinfo):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname):\n" +" self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours)\n" +" self.reprname = reprname\n" +" self.stdname = stdname\n" +" self.dstname = dstname\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return self.reprname\n" +"\n" +" def tzname(self, dt):\n" +" if self.dst(dt):\n" +" return self.dstname\n" +" else:\n" +" return self.stdname\n" +"\n" +" def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +" return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt)\n" +"\n" +" def dst(self, dt):\n" +" if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:\n" +" # An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases.\n" +" # It depends on how you want to treat them. The default\n" +" # fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone()\n" +" # implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self.\n" +" return ZERO\n" +" assert dt.tzinfo is self\n" +" start, end = us_dst_range(dt.year)\n" +" # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from\n" +" # dt first.\n" +" dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)\n" +" if start + HOUR <= dt < end - HOUR:\n" +" # DST is in effect.\n" +" return HOUR\n" +" if end - HOUR <= dt < end:\n" +" # Fold (an ambiguous hour): use dt.fold to disambiguate.\n" +" return ZERO if dt.fold else HOUR\n" +" if start <= dt < start + HOUR:\n" +" # Gap (a non-existent hour): reverse the fold rule.\n" +" return HOUR if dt.fold else ZERO\n" +" # DST is off.\n" +" return ZERO\n" +"\n" +" def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" assert dt.tzinfo is self\n" +" start, end = us_dst_range(dt.year)\n" +" start = start.replace(tzinfo=self)\n" +" end = end.replace(tzinfo=self)\n" +" std_time = dt + self.stdoffset\n" +" dst_time = std_time + HOUR\n" +" if end <= dst_time < end + HOUR:\n" +" # Repeated hour\n" +" return std_time.replace(fold=1)\n" +" if std_time < start or dst_time >= end:\n" +" # Standard time\n" +" return std_time\n" +" if start <= std_time < end - HOUR:\n" +" # Daylight saving time\n" +" return dst_time\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Eastern = USTimeZone(-5, \"Eastern\", \"EST\", \"EDT\")\n" +"Central = USTimeZone(-6, \"Central\", \"CST\", \"CDT\")\n" +"Mountain = USTimeZone(-7, \"Mountain\", \"MST\", \"MDT\")\n" +"Pacific = USTimeZone(-8, \"Pacific\", \"PST\", \"PDT\")\n" +msgstr "" +"from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime\n" +"\n" +"ZERO = timedelta(0)\n" +"HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)\n" +"SECOND = timedelta(seconds=1)\n" +"\n" +"# 一个考虑系统平台地方时处理方式的类。\n" +"# （可能导致在 UTC 时差和/或夏令时规则\n" +"# 曾经发生过变化的时区的某些历史时间\n" +"# 出现错误的值。）\n" +"import time as _time\n" +"\n" +"STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.timezone)\n" +"if _time.daylight:\n" +" DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.altzone)\n" +"else:\n" +" DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET\n" +"\n" +"DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET\n" +"\n" +"class LocalTimezone(tzinfo):\n" +"\n" +" def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" assert dt.tzinfo is self\n" +" stamp = (dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=self)) // SECOND\n" +" args = _time.localtime(stamp)[:6]\n" +" dst_diff = DSTDIFF // SECOND\n" +" # 删除时间折叠\n" +" fold = (args == _time.localtime(stamp - dst_diff))\n" +" return datetime(*args, microsecond=dt.microsecond,\n" +" tzinfo=self, fold=fold)\n" +"\n" +" def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +" if self._isdst(dt):\n" +" return DSTOFFSET\n" +" else:\n" +" return STDOFFSET\n" +"\n" +" def dst(self, dt):\n" +" if self._isdst(dt):\n" +" return DSTDIFF\n" +" else:\n" +" return ZERO\n" +"\n" +" def tzname(self, dt):\n" +" return _time.tzname[self._isdst(dt)]\n" +"\n" +" def _isdst(self, dt):\n" +" tt = (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day,\n" +" dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second,\n" +" dt.weekday(), 0, 0)\n" +" stamp = _time.mktime(tt)\n" +" tt = _time.localtime(stamp)\n" +" return tt.tm_isdst > 0\n" +"\n" +"Local = LocalTimezone()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# 针对美国各大时区当前夏令时规则的完整实现。\n" +"\n" +"def first_sunday_on_or_after(dt):\n" +" days_to_go = 6 - dt.weekday()\n" +" if days_to_go:\n" +" dt += timedelta(days_to_go)\n" +" return dt\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# US 夏令时规则\n" +"#\n" +"# 这是一个有关美国夏令时起止时间的有所简化的规则集\n" +"# （即在某些情况下可能出错。）要获取最新的完整夏令时\n" +"# 规则和时区定义集，请访问 Olson 数据库 (或尝试 pytz)：\n" +"# http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm\n" +"# https://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/ (更新可能不及时)\n" +"#\n" +"# 在美国，从 2007 年起，夏令时开始于 3 月的第二个星期天\n" +"# 上午 2 时 (标准时)，即从 3 月 8 日起的第一个星期天。\n" +"DSTSTART_2007 = datetime(1, 3, 8, 2)\n" +"# 结束于 11 月的第一天星期天上午 2 时 (夏令时)。\n" +"DSTEND_2007 = datetime(1, 11, 1, 2)\n" +"# 从 1987 到 2006 年，夏令时开始于 4 月的第一个星期天\n" +"# 上午 2 时 (标准时)，结束于 10 月的最后一个星期天上午 2 时\n" +"# (夏令时)，即从 10 月 25 日起的第一个星期天。\n" +"DSTSTART_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 4, 1, 2)\n" +"DSTEND_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 10, 25, 2)\n" +"# 从 1967 到 1986 年，夏令时开始于 4 月的最后一个星期天\n" +"# 上午 2 时 (标准时)，(即从 4 月 24 日起的第一个星期天)\n" +"# 结束于 10 月的最后一个星期天上午 2 时 (夏令时)，\n" +"# 即从 10 月 25 日起的第一个星期天。\n" +"DSTSTART_1967_1986 = datetime(1, 4, 24, 2)\n" +"DSTEND_1967_1986 = DSTEND_1987_2006\n" +"\n" +"def us_dst_range(year):\n" +" # 找到美国夏令时的起止时间。 针对 1967 之前的年份，\n" +" # 将为非夏令时返回 start = end。\n" +" if 2006 < year:\n" +" dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_2007, DSTEND_2007\n" +" elif 1986 < year < 2007:\n" +" dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1987_2006, DSTEND_1987_2006\n" +" elif 1966 < year < 1987:\n" +" dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1967_1986, DSTEND_1967_1986\n" +" else:\n" +" return (datetime(year, 1, 1), ) * 2\n" +"\n" +" start = first_sunday_on_or_after(dststart.replace(year=year))\n" +" end = first_sunday_on_or_after(dstend.replace(year=year))\n" +" return start, end\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class USTimeZone(tzinfo):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname):\n" +" self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours)\n" +" self.reprname = reprname\n" +" self.stdname = stdname\n" +" self.dstname = dstname\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return self.reprname\n" +"\n" +" def tzname(self, dt):\n" +" if self.dst(dt):\n" +" return self.dstname\n" +" else:\n" +" return self.stdname\n" +"\n" +" def utcoffset(self, dt):\n" +" return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt)\n" +"\n" +" def dst(self, dt):\n" +" if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:\n" +" # 对于某种或两种情况，可以考虑在此设置异常。\n" +" # 具体取决于你想如何处理它们。\n" +" # 默认的 fromutc() 实现 (由默认的 astimezone() 实现调用)\n" +" # 将传入一个 dt.tzinfo 为 self 的日期时间。\n" +" return ZERO\n" +" assert dt.tzinfo is self\n" +" start, end = us_dst_range(dt.year)\n" +" # 无法将简单型与感知型对象进行比较，\n" +" # 因此先从 dt 移除时区。\n" +" dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)\n" +" if start + HOUR <= dt < end - HOUR:\n" +" # 夏令时已生效。\n" +" return HOUR\n" +" if end - HOUR <= dt < end:\n" +" # 折叠 (有歧义的小时值)：使用 dt.fold 来消除歧义。\n" +" return ZERO if dt.fold else HOUR\n" +" if start <= dt < start + HOUR:\n" +" # 空档 (不存在的小时值)：逆向折叠规则。\n" +" return HOUR if dt.fold else ZERO\n" +" # 夏令时已结束。\n" +" return ZERO\n" +"\n" +" def fromutc(self, dt):\n" +" assert dt.tzinfo is self\n" +" start, end = us_dst_range(dt.year)\n" +" start = start.replace(tzinfo=self)\n" +" end = end.replace(tzinfo=self)\n" +" std_time = dt + self.stdoffset\n" +" dst_time = std_time + HOUR\n" +" if end <= dst_time < end + HOUR:\n" +" # 重复的小时值\n" +" return std_time.replace(fold=1)\n" +" if std_time < start or dst_time >= end:\n" +" # 标准时\n" +" return std_time\n" +" if start <= std_time < end - HOUR:\n" +" # 夏令时\n" +" return dst_time\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Eastern = USTimeZone(-5, \"Eastern\", \"EST\", \"EDT\")\n" +"Central = USTimeZone(-6, \"Central\", \"CST\", \"CDT\")\n" +"Mountain = USTimeZone(-7, \"Mountain\", \"MST\", \"MDT\")\n" +"Pacific = USTimeZone(-8, \"Pacific\", \"PST\", \"PDT\")\n" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2221 +msgid "" +"Note that there are unavoidable subtleties twice per year in a " +":class:`tzinfo` subclass accounting for both standard and daylight time, at " +"the DST transition points. For concreteness, consider US Eastern (UTC " +"-0500), where EDT begins the minute after 1:59 (EST) on the second Sunday in" +" March, and ends the minute after 1:59 (EDT) on the first Sunday in " +"November::" +msgstr "" +"请注意同时负责标准时和夏令时的 :class:`tzinfo` 子类在每年两次的 DST 转换点上会出现不可避免的微妙问题。具体而言，考虑美国东部时区 " +"(UTC -0500)，它的 EDT 从三月的第二个星期天 1:59 (EST) 之后一分钟开始，并在十一月的第一天星期天 1:59 (EDT) " +"之后一分钟结束::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2227 +msgid "" +" UTC 3:MM 4:MM 5:MM 6:MM 7:MM 8:MM\n" +" EST 22:MM 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM\n" +" EDT 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM 4:MM\n" +"\n" +"start 22:MM 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 3:MM 4:MM\n" +"\n" +" end 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM" +msgstr "" +" UTC 3:MM 4:MM 5:MM 6:MM 7:MM 8:MM\n" +" EST 22:MM 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM\n" +" EDT 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM 4:MM\n" +"\n" +"start 22:MM 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 3:MM 4:MM\n" +"\n" +" end 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2235 +msgid "" +"When DST starts (the \"start\" line), the local wall clock leaps from 1:59 " +"to 3:00. A wall time of the form 2:MM doesn't really make sense on that day," +" so ``astimezone(Eastern)`` won't deliver a result with ``hour == 2`` on the" +" day DST begins. For example, at the Spring forward transition of 2016, we " +"get::" +msgstr "" +"当 DST 开始时（即 \"start\" 行），本地时钟从 1:59 跳到 3:00。 形式为 2:MM 的时间值在那一天是没有意义的，因此在 DST" +" 开始那一天 ``astimezone(Eastern)`` 不会输出包含 ``hour == 2`` 的结果。 例如，在 2016 " +"年春季时钟向前调整时，我们得到::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2240 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timezone\n" +">>> from tzinfo_examples import HOUR, Eastern\n" +">>> u0 = datetime(2016, 3, 13, 5, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... u = u0 + i*HOUR\n" +"... t = u.astimezone(Eastern)\n" +"... print(u.time(), 'UTC =', t.time(), t.tzname())\n" +"...\n" +"05:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EST\n" +"06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST\n" +"07:00:00 UTC = 03:00:00 EDT\n" +"08:00:00 UTC = 04:00:00 EDT" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timezone\n" +">>> from tzinfo_examples import HOUR, Eastern\n" +">>> u0 = datetime(2016, 3, 13, 5, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... u = u0 + i*HOUR\n" +"... t = u.astimezone(Eastern)\n" +"... print(u.time(), 'UTC =', t.time(), t.tzname())\n" +"...\n" +"05:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EST\n" +"06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST\n" +"07:00:00 UTC = 03:00:00 EDT\n" +"08:00:00 UTC = 04:00:00 EDT" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2254 +msgid "" +"When DST ends (the \"end\" line), there's a potentially worse problem: " +"there's an hour that can't be spelled unambiguously in local wall time: the " +"last hour of daylight time. In Eastern, that's times of the form 5:MM UTC on" +" the day daylight time ends. The local wall clock leaps from 1:59 (daylight " +"time) back to 1:00 (standard time) again. Local times of the form 1:MM are " +"ambiguous. :meth:`~.datetime.astimezone` mimics the local clock's behavior " +"by mapping two adjacent UTC hours into the same local hour then. In the " +"Eastern example, UTC times of the form 5:MM and 6:MM both map to 1:MM when " +"converted to Eastern, but earlier times have the :attr:`~.datetime.fold` " +"attribute set to 0 and the later times have it set to 1. For example, at the" +" Fall back transition of 2016, we get::" +msgstr "" +"当 DST 结束时（见 \"end\" 行），会有更糟糕的潜在问题：本地时间值中有一个小时是不可能没有歧义的：夏令时的最后一小时。 " +"即以北美东部时间表示当天夏令时结束时的形式为 5:MM UTC 的时间。 本地时钟从 1:59（夏令时）再次跳回到 1:00（标准时）。 形式为 " +"1:MM 的本地时间就是有歧义的。 此时 :meth:`~.datetime.astimezone` 是通过将两个相邻的 UTC " +"小时映射到两个相同的本地小时来模仿本地时钟的行为。 在这个北美东部时间的示例中，形式为 5:MM 和 6:MM 的 UTC " +"时间在转换为北美东部时间时都将被映射到 1:MM，但前一个时间会将 :attr:`~.datetime.fold` 属性设为 0 而后一个时间会将其设为" +" 1。 例如，在 2016 年秋季时钟往回调整时，我们得到::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2265 +msgid "" +">>> u0 = datetime(2016, 11, 6, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... u = u0 + i*HOUR\n" +"... t = u.astimezone(Eastern)\n" +"... print(u.time(), 'UTC =', t.time(), t.tzname(), t.fold)\n" +"...\n" +"04:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"05:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST 1\n" +"07:00:00 UTC = 02:00:00 EST 0" +msgstr "" +">>> u0 = datetime(2016, 11, 6, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... u = u0 + i*HOUR\n" +"... t = u.astimezone(Eastern)\n" +"... print(u.time(), 'UTC =', t.time(), t.tzname(), t.fold)\n" +"...\n" +"04:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"05:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST 1\n" +"07:00:00 UTC = 02:00:00 EST 0" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2276 +msgid "" +"Note that the :class:`.datetime` instances that differ only by the value of " +"the :attr:`~.datetime.fold` attribute are considered equal in comparisons." +msgstr "" +"请注意不同的 :class:`.datetime` 实例仅通过 :attr:`~.datetime.fold` " +"属性值来加以区分，它们在比较时会被视为相等。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2279 +msgid "" +"Applications that can't bear wall-time ambiguities should explicitly check " +"the value of the :attr:`~.datetime.fold` attribute or avoid using hybrid " +":class:`tzinfo` subclasses; there are no ambiguities when using " +":class:`timezone`, or any other fixed-offset :class:`tzinfo` subclass (such " +"as a class representing only EST (fixed offset -5 hours), or only EDT (fixed" +" offset -4 hours))." +msgstr "" +"不允许时间显示存在歧义的应用程序需要显式地检查 :attr:`~.datetime.fold` 属性的值，或者避免使用混合式的 " +":class:`tzinfo` 子类；当使用 :class:`timezone` 或者任何其他固定差值的 :class:`tzinfo` " +"子类（例如仅表示 EST (固定差值 -5 小时)，或仅表示 EDT (固定差值 -4 小时) 的类时是不会有歧义的）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2287 +msgid ":mod:`zoneinfo`" +msgstr ":mod:`zoneinfo`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2288 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!datetime` module has a basic :class:`timezone` class (for " +"handling arbitrary fixed offsets from UTC) and its :attr:`timezone.utc` " +"attribute (a UTC :class:`!timezone` instance)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!datetime` 模块有一个基本 :class:`timezone` 类（用来处理任意与 UTC 的固定时差）及其 " +":attr:`timezone.utc` 属性（UTC :class:`!timezone` 实例）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2292 +msgid "" +"``zoneinfo`` brings the *IANA time zone database* (also known as the Olson " +"database) to Python, and its usage is recommended." +msgstr "``zoneinfo`` 为 Python 带来了 *IANA时区数据库* （也被称为 Olson 数据库），推荐使用它。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2295 +msgid "`IANA time zone database `_" +msgstr "`IANA 时区数据库 `_" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2296 +msgid "" +"The Time Zone Database (often called tz, tzdata or zoneinfo) contains code " +"and data that represent the history of local time for many representative " +"locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes " +"made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets, and daylight-" +"saving rules." +msgstr "" +"该时区数据库 (通常称为 tz, tzdata 或 zoneinfo) 包含大量代码和数据用来表示全球许多有代表性的地点的本地时间的历史信息。 " +"它会定期进行更新以反映各政治实体对时区边界、UTC 差值和夏令时规则的更改。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2306 +msgid ":class:`timezone` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`timezone` 对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2308 +msgid "" +"The :class:`timezone` class is a subclass of :class:`tzinfo`, each instance " +"of which represents a time zone defined by a fixed offset from UTC." +msgstr "" +":class:`timezone` 类是 :class:`tzinfo` 的子类，它的每个实例都代表一个以与 UTC 的固定时差来定义的时区。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2312 +msgid "" +"Objects of this class cannot be used to represent time zone information in " +"the locations where different offsets are used in different days of the year" +" or where historical changes have been made to civil time." +msgstr "此类的对象不可被用于代表某些特殊地点的时区信息，这些地点在一年的不同日期会使用不同的时差，或是在历史上对民用时间进行过调整。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2319 +msgid "" +"The *offset* argument must be specified as a :class:`timedelta` object " +"representing the difference between the local time and UTC. It must be " +"strictly between ``-timedelta(hours=24)`` and ``timedelta(hours=24)``, " +"otherwise :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"*offset* 参数必须指定为一个 :class:`timedelta` 对象，表示本地时间与 UTC 的时差。 它必须严格限制于 " +"``-timedelta(hours=24)`` 和 ``timedelta(hours=24)`` 之间，否则会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2324 +msgid "" +"The *name* argument is optional. If specified it must be a string that will " +"be used as the value returned by the :meth:`datetime.tzname` method." +msgstr "*name* 参数是可选的。 如果指定则必须为一个字符串，它将被用作 :meth:`datetime.tzname` 方法的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2335 ../../library/datetime.rst:2346 +msgid "" +"Return the fixed value specified when the :class:`timezone` instance is " +"constructed." +msgstr "返回当 :class:`timezone` 实例被构造时指定的固定值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2338 +msgid "" +"The *dt* argument is ignored. The return value is a :class:`timedelta` " +"instance equal to the difference between the local time and UTC." +msgstr "*dt* 参数会被忽略。 返回值是一个 :class:`timedelta` 实例，其值等于本地时间与 UTC 之间的时差。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2349 +msgid "" +"If *name* is not provided in the constructor, the name returned by " +"``tzname(dt)`` is generated from the value of the ``offset`` as follows. If " +"*offset* is ``timedelta(0)``, the name is \"UTC\", otherwise it is a string " +"in the format ``UTC±HH:MM``, where ± is the sign of ``offset``, HH and MM " +"are two digits of ``offset.hours`` and ``offset.minutes`` respectively." +msgstr "" +"如果没有在构造器中提供 *name*，则 ``tzname(dt)`` 所返回的名称将根据 ``offset`` 值按以下规则生成。 如果 " +"*offset* 为 ``timedelta(0)``，则名称为“UTC”，否则为字符串 ``UTC±HH:MM``，其中 ± 为 ``offset``" +" 的正负符号，HH 和 MM 分别为表示 ``offset.hours`` 和 ``offset.minutes`` 的两个数码。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2355 +msgid "" +"Name generated from ``offset=timedelta(0)`` is now plain ``'UTC'``, not " +"``'UTC+00:00'``." +msgstr "由 ``offset=timedelta(0)`` 生成的名称现在是简单的 ``'UTC'``，而不是 ``'UTC+00:00'``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2362 +msgid "Always returns ``None``." +msgstr "总是返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2366 +msgid "" +"Return ``dt + offset``. The *dt* argument must be an aware " +":class:`.datetime` instance, with ``tzinfo`` set to ``self``." +msgstr "" +"返回 ``dt + offset``。 *dt* 参数必须为一个感知型 :class:`.datetime` 实例，其中 ``tzinfo`` 值设为 " +"``self``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2373 +msgid "The UTC time zone, ``timezone(timedelta(0))``." +msgstr "UTC 时区，``timezone(timedelta(0))``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2382 +msgid ":meth:`~.datetime.strftime` and :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` Behavior" +msgstr ":meth:`~.datetime.strftime` 和 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 的行为" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2384 +msgid "" +":class:`date`, :class:`.datetime`, and :class:`.time` objects all support a " +"``strftime(format)`` method, to create a string representing the time under " +"the control of an explicit format string." +msgstr "" +":class:`date`, :class:`.datetime` 和 :class:`.time` 对象都支持 " +"``strftime(format)`` 方法，可用来创建由一个显式格式字符串所控制的表示时间的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2388 +msgid "" +"Conversely, the :meth:`datetime.strptime` class method creates a " +":class:`.datetime` object from a string representing a date and time and a " +"corresponding format string." +msgstr "" +"相反地，:meth:`datetime.strptime` 类会根据表示日期和时间的字符串和相应的格式字符串来创建一个 " +":class:`.datetime` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2392 +msgid "" +"The table below provides a high-level comparison of " +":meth:`~.datetime.strftime` versus :meth:`~.datetime.strptime`:" +msgstr "" +"下表提供了 :meth:`~.datetime.strftime` 与 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 的高层级比较：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2396 +msgid "``strftime``" +msgstr "``strftime``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2396 +msgid "``strptime``" +msgstr "``strptime``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2398 +msgid "Usage" +msgstr "用法" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2398 +msgid "Convert object to a string according to a given format" +msgstr "根据给定的格式将对象转换为字符串" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2398 +msgid "" +"Parse a string into a :class:`.datetime` object given a corresponding format" +msgstr "将字符串解析为给定相应格式的 :class:`.datetime` 对象" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2400 +msgid "Type of method" +msgstr "方法类型" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2400 +msgid "Instance method" +msgstr "实例方法" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2400 +msgid "Class method" +msgstr "类方法" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2402 +msgid "Method of" +msgstr "方法" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2402 +msgid ":class:`date`; :class:`.datetime`; :class:`.time`" +msgstr ":class:`date`; :class:`.datetime`; :class:`.time`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2402 +msgid ":class:`.datetime`" +msgstr ":class:`.datetime`" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2404 +msgid "Signature" +msgstr "签名" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2404 +msgid "``strftime(format)``" +msgstr "``strftime(format)``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2404 +msgid "``strptime(date_string, format)``" +msgstr "``strptime(date_string, format)``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2411 +msgid "" +":meth:`~.datetime.strftime` and :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` Format Codes" +msgstr ":meth:`~.datetime.strftime` 和 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 格式码" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2413 +msgid "" +"These methods accept format codes that can be used to parse and format " +"dates::" +msgstr "这些方法接受可被用于解析和格式化日期的格式代码::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2415 +msgid "" +">>> datetime.strptime('31/01/22 23:59:59.999999',\n" +"... '%d/%m/%y %H:%M:%S.%f')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)\n" +">>> _.strftime('%a %d %b %Y, %I:%M%p')\n" +"'Mon 31 Jan 2022, 11:59PM'" +msgstr "" +">>> datetime.strptime('31/01/22 23:59:59.999999',\n" +"... '%d/%m/%y %H:%M:%S.%f')\n" +"datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)\n" +">>> _.strftime('%a %d %b %Y, %I:%M%p')\n" +"'Mon 31 Jan 2022, 11:59PM'" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2421 +msgid "" +"The following is a list of all the format codes that the 1989 C standard " +"requires, and these work on all platforms with a standard C implementation." +msgstr "以下列表显示了 1989 版 C 标准所要求的全部格式代码，它们在带有标准 C 实现的所有平台上均可用。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2425 ../../library/datetime.rst:2528 +msgid "Directive" +msgstr "指示符" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2425 ../../library/datetime.rst:2528 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2425 ../../library/datetime.rst:2528 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2425 ../../library/datetime.rst:2528 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2427 +msgid "``%a``" +msgstr "``%a``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2427 +msgid "Weekday as locale's abbreviated name." +msgstr "当地工作日的缩写。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Sun, Mon, ..., Sat (en_US);" +msgstr "Sun, Mon, ..., Sat (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "So, Mo, ..., Sa (de_DE)" +msgstr "So, Mo, ..., Sa (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2432 +msgid "``%A``" +msgstr "``%A``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2432 +msgid "Weekday as locale's full name." +msgstr "本地化的星期中每日的完整名称。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Sunday, Monday, ..., Saturday (en_US);" +msgstr "Sunday, Monday, ..., Saturday (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Sonntag, Montag, ..., Samstag (de_DE)" +msgstr "Sonntag, Montag, ..., Samstag (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2437 +msgid "``%w``" +msgstr "``%w``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2437 +msgid "Weekday as a decimal number, where 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday." +msgstr "以十进制数显示的工作日，其中0表示星期日，6表示星期六。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2437 +msgid "0, 1, ..., 6" +msgstr "0, 1, ..., 6" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2441 +msgid "``%d``" +msgstr "``%d``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2441 +msgid "Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "补零后，以十进制数显示的月份中的一天。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2441 +msgid "01, 02, ..., 31" +msgstr "01, 02, ..., 31" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2441 ../../library/datetime.rst:2454 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2457 ../../library/datetime.rst:2463 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2466 ../../library/datetime.rst:2472 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2490 +msgid "\\(9)" +msgstr "\\(9)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2444 +msgid "``%b``" +msgstr "``%b``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2444 +msgid "Month as locale's abbreviated name." +msgstr "当地月份的缩写。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Jan, Feb, ..., Dec (en_US);" +msgstr "Jan, Feb, ..., Dec (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Jan, Feb, ..., Dez (de_DE)" +msgstr "Jan, Feb, ..., Dez (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2449 +msgid "``%B``" +msgstr "``%B``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2449 +msgid "Month as locale's full name." +msgstr "本地化的月份全名。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "January, February, ..., December (en_US);" +msgstr "January, February, ..., December (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Januar, Februar, ..., Dezember (de_DE)" +msgstr "Januar, Februar, ..., Dezember (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2454 +msgid "``%m``" +msgstr "``%m``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2454 +msgid "Month as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "补零后，以十进制数显示的月份。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2454 ../../library/datetime.rst:2466 +msgid "01, 02, ..., 12" +msgstr "01, 02, ..., 12" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2457 +msgid "``%y``" +msgstr "``%y``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2457 +msgid "Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "补零后，以十进制数表示的，不带世纪的年份。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2457 +msgid "00, 01, ..., 99" +msgstr "00, 01, ..., 99" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2460 +msgid "``%Y``" +msgstr "``%Y``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2460 +msgid "Year with century as a decimal number." +msgstr "十进制数表示的带世纪的年份。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2460 ../../library/datetime.rst:2530 +msgid "0001, 0002, ..., 2013, 2014, ..., 9998, 9999" +msgstr "0001, 0002, ..., 2013, 2014, ..., 9998, 9999" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2463 +msgid "``%H``" +msgstr "``%H``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2463 +msgid "Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "以补零后的十进制数表示的小时（24 小时制）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2463 +msgid "00, 01, ..., 23" +msgstr "00, 01, ..., 23" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2466 +msgid "``%I``" +msgstr "``%I``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2466 +msgid "Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "以补零后的十进制数表示的小时（12 小时制）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2469 +msgid "``%p``" +msgstr "``%p``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2469 +msgid "Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM." +msgstr "本地化的 AM 或 PM 。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "AM, PM (en_US);" +msgstr "AM, PM (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "am, pm (de_DE)" +msgstr "am, pm (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2469 +msgid "\\(1), \\(3)" +msgstr "\\(1), \\(3)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2472 +msgid "``%M``" +msgstr "``%M``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2472 +msgid "Minute as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "补零后，以十进制数显示的分钟。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2472 ../../library/datetime.rst:2475 +msgid "00, 01, ..., 59" +msgstr "00, 01, ..., 59" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2475 +msgid "``%S``" +msgstr "``%S``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2475 +msgid "Second as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "补零后，以十进制数显示的秒。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2475 +msgid "\\(4), \\(9)" +msgstr "\\(4), \\(9)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2478 +msgid "``%f``" +msgstr "``%f``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2478 +msgid "Microsecond as a decimal number, zero-padded to 6 digits." +msgstr "微秒作为一个十进制数，零填充到 6 位。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2478 +msgid "000000, 000001, ..., 999999" +msgstr "000000, 000001, ..., 999999" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2478 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2482 ../../library/datetime.rst:2641 +msgid "``%z``" +msgstr "``%z``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2482 +msgid "" +"UTC offset in the form ``±HHMM[SS[.ffffff]]`` (empty string if the object is" +" naive)." +msgstr "UTC 偏移量，格式为 ``±HHMM[SS[.ffffff]]`` （如果是简单型对象则为空字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2482 +msgid "(empty), +0000, -0400, +1030, +063415, -030712.345216" +msgstr "(空), +0000, -0400, +1030, +063415, -030712.345216" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2482 ../../library/datetime.rst:2487 +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2544 +msgid "\\(6)" +msgstr "\\(6)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2487 ../../library/datetime.rst:2667 +msgid "``%Z``" +msgstr "``%Z``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2487 +msgid "Time zone name (empty string if the object is naive)." +msgstr "时区名称（如果对象为简单型则为空字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2487 +msgid "(empty), UTC, GMT" +msgstr "(空), UTC, GMT" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2490 +msgid "``%j``" +msgstr "``%j``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2490 +msgid "Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number." +msgstr "以补零后的十进制数表示的一年中的日序号。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2490 +msgid "001, 002, ..., 366" +msgstr "001, 002, ..., 366" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2493 +msgid "``%U``" +msgstr "``%U``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2493 +msgid "" +"Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a zero-" +"padded decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are" +" considered to be in week 0." +msgstr "以补零后的十进制数表示的一年中的周序号（星期日作为每周的第一天）。 在新的一年中第一个星期日之前的所有日子都被视为是在第 0 周。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2493 ../../library/datetime.rst:2501 +msgid "00, 01, ..., 53" +msgstr "00, 01, ..., 53" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2493 ../../library/datetime.rst:2501 +msgid "\\(7), \\(9)" +msgstr "\\(7), \\(9)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2501 +msgid "``%W``" +msgstr "``%W``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2501 +msgid "" +"Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a zero-" +"padded decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are" +" considered to be in week 0." +msgstr "以补零后的十进制数表示的一年中的周序号（星期一作为每周的第一天）。 在新的一年中第一个星期一之前的所有日子都被视为是在第 0 周。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2509 +msgid "``%c``" +msgstr "``%c``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2509 +msgid "Locale's appropriate date and time representation." +msgstr "本地化的适当日期和时间表示。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Tue Aug 16 21:30:00 1988 (en_US);" +msgstr "Tue Aug 16 21:30:00 1988 (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "Di 16 Aug 21:30:00 1988 (de_DE)" +msgstr "Di 16 Aug 21:30:00 1988 (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2514 +msgid "``%x``" +msgstr "``%x``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2514 +msgid "Locale's appropriate date representation." +msgstr "本地化的适当日期表示。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "08/16/88 (None);" +msgstr "08/16/88 (None);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "08/16/1988 (en_US);" +msgstr "08/16/1988 (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "16.08.1988 (de_DE)" +msgstr "16.08.1988 (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2518 +msgid "``%X``" +msgstr "``%X``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2518 +msgid "Locale's appropriate time representation." +msgstr "本地化的适当时间表示。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "21:30:00 (en_US);" +msgstr "21:30:00 (en_US);" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:0 +msgid "21:30:00 (de_DE)" +msgstr "21:30:00 (de_DE)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2521 +msgid "``%%``" +msgstr "``%%``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2521 +msgid "A literal ``'%'`` character." +msgstr "字面的 ``'%'`` 字符。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2521 +msgid "%" +msgstr "%" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2524 +msgid "" +"Several additional directives not required by the C89 standard are included " +"for convenience. These parameters all correspond to ISO 8601 date values." +msgstr "为了方便起见，还包括了C89标准不需要的其他一些指示符。 这些参数都对应于 ISO 8601 日期值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2530 +msgid "``%G``" +msgstr "``%G``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2530 +msgid "" +"ISO 8601 year with century representing the year that contains the greater " +"part of the ISO week (``%V``)." +msgstr "带有世纪的 ISO 8601 年份，表示包含大部分 ISO 星期 (``%V``) 的年份。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2530 +msgid "\\(8)" +msgstr "\\(8)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2535 +msgid "``%u``" +msgstr "``%u``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2535 +msgid "ISO 8601 weekday as a decimal number where 1 is Monday." +msgstr "以十进制数显示的 ISO 8601 星期中的日序号，其中 1 表示星期一。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2535 +msgid "1, 2, ..., 7" +msgstr "1, 2, ..., 7" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2538 +msgid "``%V``" +msgstr "``%V``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2538 +msgid "" +"ISO 8601 week as a decimal number with Monday as the first day of the week. " +"Week 01 is the week containing Jan 4." +msgstr "以十进制数显示的 ISO 8601 星期，以星期一作为每周的第一天。 第 01 周为包含 1 月 4 日的星期。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2538 +msgid "01, 02, ..., 53" +msgstr "01, 02, ..., 53" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2538 +msgid "\\(8), \\(9)" +msgstr "\\(8), \\(9)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2544 ../../library/datetime.rst:2663 +msgid "``%:z``" +msgstr "``%:z``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2544 +msgid "" +"UTC offset in the form ``±HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]`` (empty string if the object " +"is naive)." +msgstr "``±HH:MM[:SS[.ffffff]]`` 形式的 UTC 偏移量（如果是简单型对象则为空字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2544 +msgid "(empty), +00:00, -04:00, +10:30, +06:34:15, -03:07:12.345216" +msgstr "(空), +00:00, -04:00, +10:30, +06:34:15, -03:07:12.345216" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2550 +msgid "" +"These may not be available on all platforms when used with the " +":meth:`~.datetime.strftime` method. The ISO 8601 year and ISO 8601 week " +"directives are not interchangeable with the year and week number directives " +"above. Calling :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` with incomplete or ambiguous ISO " +"8601 directives will raise a :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"这些代码可能不是在所有平台上都可与 :meth:`~.datetime.strftime` 方法配合使用。 ISO 8601 年份和 ISO 8601 " +"星期指示符并不能与上面的年份和星期序号指示符相互替代。 调用 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 时传入不完整或有歧义的 ISO " +"8601 指示符将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2555 +msgid "" +"The full set of format codes supported varies across platforms, because " +"Python calls the platform C library's :c:func:`strftime` function, and " +"platform variations are common. To see the full set of format codes " +"supported on your platform, consult the :manpage:`strftime(3)` " +"documentation. There are also differences between platforms in handling of " +"unsupported format specifiers." +msgstr "" +"对完整格式代码集的支持在不同平台上有所差异，因为 Python 要调用所在平台的 C 库的 :c:func:`strftime` " +"函数，而不同平台的差异是很常见的。 要查看你所用平台所支持的完整格式代码集，请参阅 :manpage:`strftime(3)` 文档。 " +"不同的平台在处理不支持的格式说明符方面也有差异。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2561 +msgid "``%G``, ``%u`` and ``%V`` were added." +msgstr "增加了 ``%G``, ``%u`` 和 ``%V``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2564 +msgid "``%:z`` was added." +msgstr "增加了 ``%:z``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2568 +msgid "Technical Detail" +msgstr "技术细节" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2570 +msgid "" +"Broadly speaking, ``d.strftime(fmt)`` acts like the :mod:`time` module's " +"``time.strftime(fmt, d.timetuple())`` although not all objects support a " +":meth:`~date.timetuple` method." +msgstr "" +"总体而言，``d.strftime(fmt)`` 类似于 :mod:`time` 模块的 ``time.strftime(fmt, " +"d.timetuple())`` 但是并非所有对象都支持 :meth:`~date.timetuple` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2574 +msgid "" +"For the :meth:`.datetime.strptime` class method, the default value is " +"``1900-01-01T00:00:00.000``: any components not specified in the format " +"string will be pulled from the default value. [#]_" +msgstr "" +"对于 :meth:`.datetime.strptime` 类方法，默认值为 ``1900-01-01T00:00:00.000``: " +"任何未在格式字符串中指定的部分都将从默认值中获取。 [#]_" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2578 +msgid "Using ``datetime.strptime(date_string, format)`` is equivalent to::" +msgstr "使用 ``datetime.strptime(date_string, format)`` 等价于::" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2582 +msgid "" +"except when the format includes sub-second components or time zone offset " +"information, which are supported in ``datetime.strptime`` but are discarded " +"by ``time.strptime``." +msgstr "" +"除非格式中包含秒以下的部分或时区差值信息，它们在 ``datetime.strptime`` 中受支持但会被 ``time.strptime`` " +"所丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2586 +msgid "" +"For :class:`.time` objects, the format codes for year, month, and day should" +" not be used, as :class:`!time` objects have no such values. If they're used" +" anyway, 1900 is substituted for the year, and 1 for the month and day." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`.time` 对象，年、月、日的格式代码不应被使用，因为 :class:`!time` 对象没有这些值。 " +"如果它们仍被使用，则年份将被替换为 1900 而月和日将被替换为 1。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2590 +msgid "" +"For :class:`date` objects, the format codes for hours, minutes, seconds, and" +" microseconds should not be used, as :class:`date` objects have no such " +"values. If they're used anyway, 0 is substituted for them." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`date` 对象，时、分、秒和微秒的格式代码不应被使用，因为 :class:`date` 对象没有这些值。 " +"如果它们仍被使用，则都将被替换为 0。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2594 +msgid "" +"For the same reason, handling of format strings containing Unicode code " +"points that can't be represented in the charset of the current locale is " +"also platform-dependent. On some platforms such code points are preserved " +"intact in the output, while on others ``strftime`` may raise " +":exc:`UnicodeError` or return an empty string instead." +msgstr "" +"出于相同的原因，对于包含当前区域设置字符集所无法表示的 Unicode 码位的格式字符串的处理方式也取决于具体平台。 " +"在某些平台上这样的码位会不加修改地原样输出，而在其他平台上 ``strftime`` 则可能引发 :exc:`UnicodeError` " +"或只返回一个空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2603 +msgid "" +"Because the format depends on the current locale, care should be taken when " +"making assumptions about the output value. Field orderings will vary (for " +"example, \"month/day/year\" versus \"day/month/year\"), and the output may " +"contain non-ASCII characters." +msgstr "" +"因为该格式依赖于当前语言区域，所以在假定输出值时应当仔细考虑。 字段顺序可能会有变化（例如 \"month/day/year\" 和 " +"\"day/month/year\"），并且输出还可能包含非 ASCII 字符。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2609 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` method can parse years in the full [1, 9999]" +" range, but years < 1000 must be zero-filled to 4-digit width." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 方法能够解析整个 [1, 9999] 范围内的年份，但 < 1000 的年份必须加零填充为 4 " +"位数字宽度。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2612 +msgid "" +"In previous versions, :meth:`~.datetime.strftime` method was restricted to " +"years >= 1900." +msgstr "在之前的版本中，:meth:`~.datetime.strftime` 方法只限用于 >= 1900 的年份。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2616 +msgid "" +"In version 3.2, :meth:`~.datetime.strftime` method was restricted to years " +">= 1000." +msgstr "在 3.2 版中，:meth:`~.datetime.strftime` 方法只限用于 >= 1000 的年份。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2621 +msgid "" +"When used with the :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` method, the ``%p`` directive " +"only affects the output hour field if the ``%I`` directive is used to parse " +"the hour." +msgstr "" +"当与 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 方法一起使用时，如果使用 ``%I`` 指示符来解析时，则 ``%p`` " +"指示符只会影响输出时字段。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2625 +msgid "" +"Unlike the :mod:`time` module, the :mod:`!datetime` module does not support " +"leap seconds." +msgstr "与 :mod:`time` 模块不同的是，:mod:`!datetime` 模块不支持闰秒。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2629 +msgid "" +"When used with the :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` method, the ``%f`` directive " +"accepts from one to six digits and zero pads on the right. ``%f`` is an " +"extension to the set of format characters in the C standard (but implemented" +" separately in datetime objects, and therefore always available)." +msgstr "" +"当与 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 方法一起使用时，``%f`` 指示符可接受一至六个数码及左边的零填充。 ``%f`` 是对" +" C 标准中格式字符集的扩展（但单独在 datetime 对象中实现，因此它总是可用）。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2636 +msgid "" +"For a naive object, the ``%z``, ``%:z`` and ``%Z`` format codes are replaced" +" by empty strings." +msgstr "对于简单型对象，``%z``, ``%:z`` 和 ``%Z`` 格式代码会被替换为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2639 +msgid "For an aware object:" +msgstr "对于一个感知型对象而言：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2642 +msgid "" +":meth:`~.datetime.utcoffset` is transformed into a string of the form " +"``±HHMM[SS[.ffffff]]``, where ``HH`` is a 2-digit string giving the number " +"of UTC offset hours, ``MM`` is a 2-digit string giving the number of UTC " +"offset minutes, ``SS`` is a 2-digit string giving the number of UTC offset " +"seconds and ``ffffff`` is a 6-digit string giving the number of UTC offset " +"microseconds. The ``ffffff`` part is omitted when the offset is a whole " +"number of seconds and both the ``ffffff`` and the ``SS`` part is omitted " +"when the offset is a whole number of minutes. For example, if " +":meth:`~.datetime.utcoffset` returns ``timedelta(hours=-3, minutes=-30)``, " +"``%z`` is replaced with the string ``'-0330'``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~.datetime.utcoffset` 会被转换为 ``±HHMM[SS[.ffffff]]`` 形式的字符串，其中 ``HH`` " +"为给出 UTC 时差的小时部分的 2 位数码字符串，``MM`` 为给出 UTC 时差的分钟部分的 2 位数码字符串，``SS`` 为给出 UTC " +"时差的秒部分的 2 位数码字符串，而 ``ffffff`` 则为给出 UTC 时差的微秒部分的 6 位数码字符串。 当时差为整数秒时 " +"``ffffff`` 部分将被省略，而当时差为整数分钟时 ``ffffff`` 和 ``SS`` 部分都将被省略。 举例来说，如果 " +":meth:`~.datetime.utcoffset` 返回 ``timedelta(hours=-3, minutes=-30)``，则 " +"``%z`` 会被替换为字符串 ``'-0330'``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2656 +msgid "" +"When the ``%z`` directive is provided to the :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` " +"method, the UTC offsets can have a colon as a separator between hours, " +"minutes and seconds. For example, ``'+01:00:00'`` will be parsed as an " +"offset of one hour. In addition, providing ``'Z'`` is identical to " +"``'+00:00'``." +msgstr "" +"当向 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 方法提供 ``%z`` 指示符时，UTC 差值可以在时、分和秒之间使用冒号作为分隔符。 " +"例如，``'+01:00:00'`` 将被解读为一小时的差值。 此外，提供 ``'Z'`` 就相当于 ``'+00:00'``。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2664 +msgid "" +"Behaves exactly as ``%z``, but has a colon separator added between hours, " +"minutes and seconds." +msgstr "行为与 ``%z`` 相同，但在时，分和秒之间有冒号分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2668 +msgid "" +"In :meth:`~.datetime.strftime`, ``%Z`` is replaced by an empty string if " +":meth:`~.datetime.tzname` returns ``None``; otherwise ``%Z`` is replaced by " +"the returned value, which must be a string." +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`~.datetime.strftime` 中，如果 :meth:`~.datetime.tzname` 返回 ``None`` 则 " +"``%Z`` 会被替换为一个空字符串；在其他情况下 ``%Z`` 会被替换为该返回值，它必须为一个字符串。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2672 +msgid ":meth:`~.datetime.strptime` only accepts certain values for ``%Z``:" +msgstr ":meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 仅接受特定的 ``%Z`` 值：" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2674 +msgid "any value in ``time.tzname`` for your machine's locale" +msgstr "你的机器的区域设置可以是 ``time.tzname`` 中的任何值" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2675 +msgid "the hard-coded values ``UTC`` and ``GMT``" +msgstr "硬编码的值 ``UTC`` 和 ``GMT``" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2677 +msgid "" +"So someone living in Japan may have ``JST``, ``UTC``, and ``GMT`` as valid " +"values, but probably not ``EST``. It will raise ``ValueError`` for invalid " +"values." +msgstr "" +"这样生活在日本的人可用的值为 ``JST``, ``UTC`` 和 ``GMT``，但可能没有 ``EST``。 它将引发 ``ValueError``" +" 表示无效的值。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2681 +msgid "" +"When the ``%z`` directive is provided to the :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` " +"method, an aware :class:`.datetime` object will be produced. The ``tzinfo`` " +"of the result will be set to a :class:`timezone` instance." +msgstr "" +"当提供 ``%z`` 指示符给 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 方法时，将产生一个感知型 :class:`.datetime` " +"对象。 结果的 ``tzinfo`` 将被设为一个 :class:`timezone` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2687 +msgid "" +"When used with the :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` method, ``%U`` and ``%W`` are" +" only used in calculations when the day of the week and the calendar year " +"(``%Y``) are specified." +msgstr "" +"当与 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 方法一起使用时，``%U`` 和 ``%W`` 仅用于指定了星期值和日历年份 " +"(``%Y``) 的计算。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2692 +msgid "" +"Similar to ``%U`` and ``%W``, ``%V`` is only used in calculations when the " +"day of the week and the ISO year (``%G``) are specified in a " +":meth:`~.datetime.strptime` format string. Also note that ``%G`` and ``%Y`` " +"are not interchangeable." +msgstr "" +"类似于 ``%U`` 和 ``%W``，``%V`` 仅用于在 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 格式字符串中指定了星期值和 " +"ISO 年份 (``%G``) 的计算。 还要注意 ``%G`` 和 ``%Y`` 是不可互换的。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2698 +msgid "" +"When used with the :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` method, the leading zero is " +"optional for formats ``%d``, ``%m``, ``%H``, ``%I``, ``%M``, ``%S``, " +"``%j``, ``%U``, ``%W``, and ``%V``. Format ``%y`` does require a leading " +"zero." +msgstr "" +"当与 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 方法一起使用时，前导的零在格式 ``%d``, ``%m``, ``%H``, " +"``%I``, ``%M``, ``%S``, ``%j``, ``%U``, ``%W`` 和 ``%V`` 中是可选的。 格式 ``%y`` " +"则要求有前导的零。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2703 +msgid "" +"When parsing a month and day using :meth:`~.datetime.strptime`, always " +"include a year in the format. If the value you need to parse lacks a year, " +"append an explicit dummy leap year. Otherwise your code will raise an " +"exception when it encounters leap day because the default year used by the " +"parser is not a leap year. Users run into this bug every four years..." +msgstr "" +"当使用 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 解析月份和日期时，始终在格式字符串中包括年份。 " +"如果你需要解析的值缺少年份，则添加一个显式的占位用闰年。 否则当你的代码遇到一个闰日时将引发异常因为解析器所使用的默认年份不是一个闰年。 " +"用户会每隔四年碰到这个程序错误..." + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2709 +msgid "" +">>> month_day = \"02/29\"\n" +">>> datetime.strptime(f\"{month_day};1984\", \"%m/%d;%Y\") # No leap year bug.\n" +"datetime.datetime(1984, 2, 29, 0, 0)" +msgstr "" +">>> month_day = \"02/29\"\n" +">>> datetime.strptime(f\"{month_day};1984\", \"%m/%d;%Y\") # 没有闰年错误。\n" +"datetime.datetime(1984, 2, 29, 0, 0)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2715 +msgid "" +":meth:`~.datetime.strptime` calls using a format string containing a day of " +"month without a year now emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In 3.15 or later " +"we may change this into an error or change the default year to a leap year. " +"See :gh:`70647`." +msgstr "" +"使用包含不带年份的月份日期的格式字符串的 :meth:`~.datetime.strptime` 调用现在将引发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在 3.15 或更新的版本中我们可能将其修改为引发错误或将默认年从修改为一年闰年。 参见 " +":gh:`70647`。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2722 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2723 +msgid "If, that is, we ignore the effects of Relativity" +msgstr "就是说如果我们忽略相对论效应的话。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2725 +msgid "" +"This matches the definition of the \"proleptic Gregorian\" calendar in " +"Dershowitz and Reingold's book *Calendrical Calculations*, where it's the " +"base calendar for all computations. See the book for algorithms for " +"converting between proleptic Gregorian ordinals and many other calendar " +"systems." +msgstr "" +"这与 Dershowitz 和 Reingold 所著 *Calendrical Calculations* " +"中“预期格列高利”历法的定义一致，它是适用于该书中所有运算的基础历法。 请参阅该书了解在预期格利高利历序列与许多其他历法系统之间进行转换的算法。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2731 +msgid "" +"See R. H. van Gent's `guide to the mathematics of the ISO 8601 calendar " +"`_" +" for a good explanation." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 R. H. van Gent 所著 `ISO 8601 历法的数学指南 " +"`_" +" 以获取更完整的说明。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2735 +msgid "" +"Passing ``datetime.strptime('Feb 29', '%b %d')`` will fail since 1900 is not" +" a leap year." +msgstr "传入 ``datetime.strptime('Feb 29', '%b %d')`` 将导致错误，因为 1900 不是闰年。" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2376 +msgid "% (percent)" +msgstr "% (百分号)" + +#: ../../library/datetime.rst:2376 +msgid "datetime format" +msgstr "日期时间格式" diff --git a/library/dbm.po b/library/dbm.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d7955865 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/dbm.po @@ -0,0 +1,693 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# walkinrain , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!dbm` --- Interfaces to Unix \"databases\"" +msgstr ":mod:`!dbm` --- Unix \"数据库\" 接口" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dbm/__init__.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/dbm/__init__.py`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`dbm` is a generic interface to variants of the DBM database:" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm` 是一个针对多种 DBM 数据库的泛用接口：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:13 +msgid ":mod:`dbm.sqlite3`" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.sqlite3`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:14 +msgid ":mod:`dbm.gnu`" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.gnu`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:15 +msgid ":mod:`dbm.ndbm`" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.ndbm`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:17 +msgid "" +"If none of these modules are installed, the slow-but-simple implementation " +"in module :mod:`dbm.dumb` will be used. There is a `third party interface " +"`_ to the Oracle Berkeley DB." +msgstr "" +"如果未安装这些模块中的任何一种，则将使用 :mod:`dbm.dumb` 模块中慢速但简单的实现。 还有一个适用于 Oracle Berkeley DB" +" 的 `第三方接口 `_。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:24 +msgid "" +"A tuple containing the exceptions that can be raised by each of the " +"supported modules, with a unique exception also named :exc:`dbm.error` as " +"the first item --- the latter is used when :exc:`dbm.error` is raised." +msgstr "" +"一个元组，其中包含每个受支持的模块可引发的异常，另外还有一个名为 :exc:`dbm.error` 的特殊异常作为第一项 --- 后者最在引发 " +":exc:`dbm.error` 时被使用。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:31 +msgid "" +"This function attempts to guess which of the several simple database modules" +" available --- :mod:`dbm.sqlite3`, :mod:`dbm.gnu`, :mod:`dbm.ndbm`, or " +":mod:`dbm.dumb` --- should be used to open a given file." +msgstr "" +"此函数会尝试猜测几种简单数据库模块中哪一个是可用的 --- :mod:`dbm.sqlite3`, :mod:`dbm.gnu`, " +":mod:`dbm.ndbm` 或 :mod:`dbm.dumb` --- 并应当被用来打开给定的文件。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:35 +msgid "Return one of the following values:" +msgstr "返回下列值中的一个：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:37 +msgid "" +"``None`` if the file can't be opened because it's unreadable or doesn't " +"exist" +msgstr "如果文件因其不可读或不存在而无法打开则返回 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:38 +msgid "the empty string (``''``) if the file's format can't be guessed" +msgstr "如果文件格式无法猜测则返回空字符串 (``''``)" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:39 +msgid "" +"a string containing the required module name, such as ``'dbm.ndbm'`` or " +"``'dbm.gnu'``" +msgstr "包含所需模块名称的字符串，如 ``'dbm.ndbm'`` 或 ``'dbm.gnu'``" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:41 ../../library/dbm.rst:250 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:448 +msgid "*filename* accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*filename* 接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:65 +msgid "Open a database and return the corresponding database object." +msgstr "打开一个数据库并返回相应的数据库对象。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:0 +msgid "Parameters" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:67 +msgid "" +"The database file to open. If the database file already exists, the " +":func:`whichdb` function is used to determine its type and the appropriate " +"module is used; if it does not exist, the first submodule listed above that " +"can be imported is used." +msgstr "" +"要打开的数据库文件。 如果数据库文件已存在，则使用 :func:`whichdb` " +"来确定其类型和要使用的适当模块；如果文件不存在，则会使用上述可导入子模块中的第一个。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:68 ../../library/dbm.rst:222 +msgid "The database file to open." +msgstr "要打开的数据库文件。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:70 +msgid "" +"If the database file already exists, the :func:`whichdb` function is used to" +" determine its type and the appropriate module is used; if it does not " +"exist, the first submodule listed above that can be imported is used." +msgstr "" +"如果数据库文件已存在，则使用 :func:`whichdb` 函数来确定其类型和要使用的适当模块；如果文件不存在，则会使用上述可导入子模块中的第一个。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:75 ../../library/dbm.rst:178 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:353 +msgid "" +"* ``'r'`` (default): |flag_r| * ``'w'``: |flag_w| * ``'c'``: |flag_c| * " +"``'n'``: |flag_n|" +msgstr "" +"* ``'r'`` (默认): |flag_r| * ``'w'``: |flag_w| * ``'c'``: |flag_c| * ``'n'``: " +"|flag_n|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:76 ../../library/dbm.rst:180 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:227 ../../library/dbm.rst:354 +msgid "``'r'`` (default): |flag_r|" +msgstr "``'r'`` (default): |flag_r|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:77 ../../library/dbm.rst:181 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:228 ../../library/dbm.rst:355 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:429 +msgid "``'w'``: |flag_w|" +msgstr "``'w'``: |flag_w|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:78 ../../library/dbm.rst:182 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:229 ../../library/dbm.rst:356 +msgid "``'c'``: |flag_c|" +msgstr "``'c'``: |flag_c|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:79 ../../library/dbm.rst:183 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:230 ../../library/dbm.rst:357 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:431 +msgid "``'n'``: |flag_n|" +msgstr "``'n'``: |flag_n|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:81 ../../library/dbm.rst:244 +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:359 ../../library/dbm.rst:433 +msgid "|mode_param_doc|" +msgstr "|mode_param_doc|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:84 +msgid "*file* accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*file* 接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:87 +msgid "" +"The object returned by :func:`~dbm.open` supports the same basic " +"functionality as a :class:`dict`; keys and their corresponding values can be" +" stored, retrieved, and deleted, and the :keyword:`in` operator and the " +":meth:`!keys` method are available, as well as :meth:`!get` and " +":meth:`!setdefault` methods." +msgstr "" +":func:`~dbm.open` 所返回的对象支持与 :class:`dict` 相同的基本功能；可以存储、获取和删除键及其对应的值，并可使用 " +":keyword:`in` 运算符和 :meth:`!keys` 方法，以及 :meth:`!get` 和 :meth:`!setdefault` " +"方法。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Key and values are always stored as :class:`bytes`. This means that when " +"strings are used they are implicitly converted to the default encoding " +"before being stored." +msgstr "键和值总是被存储为 :class:`bytes`。 这意味着当使用字符串时它们会在被存储之前隐式地转换至默认编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:96 +msgid "" +"These objects also support being used in a :keyword:`with` statement, which " +"will automatically close them when done." +msgstr "这些对象也支持在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用，当语句结束时将自动关闭它们。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:99 +msgid "" +":meth:`!get` and :meth:`!setdefault` methods are now available for all " +":mod:`dbm` backends." +msgstr "现在 :meth:`!get` 和 :meth:`!setdefault` 方法对所有 :mod:`dbm` 后端均可用。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Added native support for the context management protocol to the objects " +"returned by :func:`~dbm.open`." +msgstr "向 :func:`~dbm.open` 所返回的对象添加了对上下文管理协议的原生支持。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:107 +msgid "" +"Deleting a key from a read-only database raises a database module specific " +"exception instead of :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "从只读数据库中删除键将引发数据库模块专属的异常而不是 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:111 +msgid "" +"The following example records some hostnames and a corresponding title, and" +" then prints out the contents of the database::" +msgstr "以下示例记录了一些主机名和对应的标题，随后将数据库的内容打印出来。::" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:114 +msgid "" +"import dbm\n" +"\n" +"# Open database, creating it if necessary.\n" +"with dbm.open('cache', 'c') as db:\n" +"\n" +" # Record some values\n" +" db[b'hello'] = b'there'\n" +" db['www.python.org'] = 'Python Website'\n" +" db['www.cnn.com'] = 'Cable News Network'\n" +"\n" +" # Note that the keys are considered bytes now.\n" +" assert db[b'www.python.org'] == b'Python Website'\n" +" # Notice how the value is now in bytes.\n" +" assert db['www.cnn.com'] == b'Cable News Network'\n" +"\n" +" # Often-used methods of the dict interface work too.\n" +" print(db.get('python.org', b'not present'))\n" +"\n" +" # Storing a non-string key or value will raise an exception (most\n" +" # likely a TypeError).\n" +" db['www.yahoo.com'] = 4\n" +"\n" +"# db is automatically closed when leaving the with statement." +msgstr "" +"import dbm\n" +"\n" +"# 打开数据库，如有必要则创建它。\n" +"with dbm.open('cache', 'c') as db:\n" +"\n" +" # 记录一些值\n" +" db[b'hello'] = b'there'\n" +" db['www.python.org'] = 'Python Website'\n" +" db['www.cnn.com'] = 'Cable News Network'\n" +"\n" +" # 请注意现在键被作为字节串。\n" +" assert db[b'www.python.org'] == b'Python Website'\n" +" # 可以看到值现在被作为字节串。\n" +" assert db['www.cnn.com'] == b'Cable News Network'\n" +"\n" +" # 常用的字典接口方法同样可用。\n" +" print(db.get('python.org', b'not present'))\n" +"\n" +" # 存储非字符串的键或值将引发异常\n" +" # (通常为 TypeError)。\n" +" db['www.yahoo.com'] = 4\n" +"\n" +"# 当离开 with 语句时 db 将被自动关闭。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:141 +msgid "Module :mod:`shelve`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`shelve`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:142 +msgid "Persistence module which stores non-string data." +msgstr "存储非字符串数据的持久化模块。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:145 +msgid "The individual submodules are described in the following sections." +msgstr "以下部分描述了各个单独的子模块。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:148 +msgid ":mod:`dbm.sqlite3` --- SQLite backend for dbm" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.sqlite3` --- 针对 dbm 的 SQLite 后端" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:156 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dbm/sqlite3.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/dbm/sqlite3.py`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:160 +msgid "" +"This module uses the standard library :mod:`sqlite3` module to provide an " +"SQLite backend for the :mod:`dbm` module. The files created by " +":mod:`dbm.sqlite3` can thus be opened by :mod:`sqlite3`, or any other SQLite" +" browser, including the SQLite CLI." +msgstr "" +"此模块使用标准库 :mod:`sqlite3` 模块来提供针对 :mod:`dbm` 模块的 SQLite 后端。 这样由 " +":mod:`dbm.sqlite3` 创建的文件可通过 :mod:`sqlite3`，或任何其他 SQLite 浏览器，包括 SQLite CLI " +"打开。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:3 +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Open an SQLite database. The returned object behaves like a :term:`mapping`," +" implements a :meth:`!close` method, and supports a \"closing\" context " +"manager via the :keyword:`with` keyword." +msgstr "" +"打开一个 SQLite 数据库。 返回的对象行为类似于 :term:`mapping`，实现了 :meth:`!close` 方法，并通过 " +":keyword:`with` 关键字支持“关闭”上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:174 +msgid "The path to the database to be opened." +msgstr "要打开的数据库的路径。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:185 +msgid "" +"The Unix file access mode of the file (default: octal ``0o666``), used only " +"when the database has to be created." +msgstr "文件的 Unix 文件访问模式 (默认值: 八进制数 ``0o666``)，仅在需要创建数据为时使用。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:191 +msgid ":mod:`dbm.gnu` --- GNU database manager" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.gnu` --- GNU 数据库管理器" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:197 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dbm/gnu.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/dbm/gnu.py`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:201 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dbm.gnu` module provides an interface to the :abbr:`GDBM (GNU " +"dbm)` library, similar to the :mod:`dbm.ndbm` module, but with additional " +"functionality like crash tolerance." +msgstr "" +":mod:`dbm.gnu` 模块提供了针对 :abbr:`GDBM (GNU dbm)` 库的接口，类似于 :mod:`dbm.ndbm` " +"模块，但带有额外的功能如对崩溃的容忍。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:207 ../../library/dbm.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The file formats created by :mod:`dbm.gnu` and :mod:`dbm.ndbm` are " +"incompatible and can not be used interchangeably." +msgstr "由 :mod:`dbm.gnu` 和 :mod:`dbm.ndbm` 创建的文件格式是不兼容的因而无法互换使用。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module is not supported on :ref:`mobile platforms ` or :ref:`WebAssembly platforms `." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 :ref:`移动平台 ` 或 :ref:`WebAssembly 平台 ` 上不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Raised on :mod:`dbm.gnu`-specific errors, such as I/O errors. " +":exc:`KeyError` is raised for general mapping errors like specifying an " +"incorrect key." +msgstr "" +"针对 :mod:`dbm.gnu` 专属错误例如 I/O 错误引发。 :exc:`KeyError` 的引发则针对一般映射错误例如指定了不正确的键。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:220 +msgid "Open a GDBM database and return a :class:`!gdbm` object." +msgstr "打开 GDBM 数据库并返回一个 :class:`!gdbm` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:226 +msgid "" +"* ``'r'`` (default): |flag_r| * ``'w'``: |flag_w| * ``'c'``: |flag_c| * " +"``'n'``: |flag_n| The following additional characters may be appended to " +"control how the database is opened: * ``'f'``: Open the database in fast " +"mode. Writes to the database will not be synchronized. * ``'s'``: " +"Synchronized mode. Changes to the database will be written immediately to " +"the file. * ``'u'``: Do not lock database. Not all flags are valid for all " +"versions of GDBM. See the :data:`open_flags` member for a list of supported " +"flag characters." +msgstr "" +"* ``'r'`` (默认值): |flag_r| * ``'w'``: |flag_w| * ``'c'``: |flag_c| * ``'n'``:" +" |flag_n| 可以添加下列额外字符来控制数据库的打开方式: * ``'f'``: 以快速模式打开数据库。 对数据库的写入将不是同步的。 * " +"``'s'``: 同步模式。 对数据库的修改将立即写入到文件。 * ``'u'``: 不锁定数据库。 并非所有旗标都对所有 GDBM 版本可用。 " +"要获取受支持的旗标字符列表请参阅 :data:`open_flags` 成员。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:232 +msgid "" +"The following additional characters may be appended to control how the " +"database is opened:" +msgstr "可以添加下列额外字符来控制数据库的打开方式：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:235 +msgid "" +"``'f'``: Open the database in fast mode. Writes to the database will not be " +"synchronized." +msgstr "``'f'``: 以快速模式打开数据库。 对数据库的写入将不是同步的。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:237 +msgid "" +"``'s'``: Synchronized mode. Changes to the database will be written " +"immediately to the file." +msgstr "``'s'``: 同步模式。 对数据库的修改将立即写入到文件。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:239 +msgid "``'u'``: Do not lock database." +msgstr "``'u'``: 不锁定数据库。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:241 +msgid "" +"Not all flags are valid for all versions of GDBM. See the :data:`open_flags`" +" member for a list of supported flag characters." +msgstr "并非所有旗标都对所有 GDBM 版本可用。 请参阅 :data:`open_flags` 成员获取受支持旗标字符的列表。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:0 +msgid "Raises" +msgstr "引发" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:247 +msgid "If an invalid *flag* argument is passed." +msgstr "如果传入了不可用的 *flag* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:255 +msgid "" +"A string of characters the *flag* parameter of :meth:`~dbm.gnu.open` " +"supports." +msgstr "由 :meth:`~dbm.gnu.open` 的 *flag* 形参所支持的字符组成的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:257 +msgid "" +":class:`!gdbm` objects behave similar to :term:`mappings `, but " +":meth:`!items` and :meth:`!values` methods are not supported. The following " +"methods are also provided:" +msgstr "" +":class:`!gdbm` 对象的行为类似于 :term:`映射 `，但不支持 :meth:`!items` 和 " +":meth:`!values` 方法。 还提供了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:263 +msgid "" +"It's possible to loop over every key in the database using this method and " +"the :meth:`nextkey` method. The traversal is ordered by GDBM's internal " +"hash values, and won't be sorted by the key values. This method returns the" +" starting key." +msgstr "" +"可以使用此方法和 :meth:`nextkey` 方法循环遍历数据库中的每个键。 遍历的顺序是按照 GDBM 的内部哈希值，而不会根据键的值排序。 " +"此方法将返回起始的键。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Returns the key that follows *key* in the traversal. The following code " +"prints every key in the database ``db``, without having to create a list in " +"memory that contains them all::" +msgstr "在遍历中返回 *key* 之后的的下一个键。 以下代码将打印数据库 ``db`` 中的每个键，而不会在内存中创建一个包含所有键的列表::" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:274 +msgid "" +"k = db.firstkey()\n" +"while k is not None:\n" +" print(k)\n" +" k = db.nextkey(k)" +msgstr "" +"k = db.firstkey()\n" +"while k is not None:\n" +" print(k)\n" +" k = db.nextkey(k)" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:281 +msgid "" +"If you have carried out a lot of deletions and would like to shrink the " +"space used by the GDBM file, this routine will reorganize the database. " +":class:`!gdbm` objects will not shorten the length of a database file except" +" by using this reorganization; otherwise, deleted file space will be kept " +"and reused as new (key, value) pairs are added." +msgstr "" +"如果你进行了大量删除操作并且想要缩减 GDBM 文件所使用的空间，此例程可将可重新组织数据库。 除非使用此重组功能否则 :class:`!gdbm` " +"对象不会缩减数据库文件大小；在其他情况下，被删除的文件空间将会保留并在添加新的 (键, 值) 对时被重用。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:289 +msgid "" +"When the database has been opened in fast mode, this method forces any " +"unwritten data to be written to the disk." +msgstr "当以快速模式打开数据库时，此方法会将任何未写入数据强制写入磁盘。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:294 +msgid "Close the GDBM database." +msgstr "关闭 GDBM 数据库。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:298 +msgid "Remove all items from the GDBM database." +msgstr "从 GDBM 数据库移除所有条目。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:304 +msgid ":mod:`dbm.ndbm` --- New Database Manager" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.ndbm` --- 新数据库管理器" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:310 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dbm/ndbm.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/dbm/ndbm.py`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:314 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dbm.ndbm` module provides an interface to the :abbr:`NDBM (New " +"Database Manager)` library. This module can be used with the \"classic\" " +"NDBM interface or the :abbr:`GDBM (GNU dbm)` compatibility interface." +msgstr "" +":mod:`dbm.ndbm` 模块提供了对 :abbr:`NDBM (New Database Manager)` 库的接口。 此模块可与 " +"\"经典\" NDBM 接口或 :abbr:`GDBM (GNU dbm)` 兼容接口配合使用。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:326 +msgid "" +"The NDBM library shipped as part of macOS has an undocumented limitation on " +"the size of values, which can result in corrupted database files when " +"storing values larger than this limit. Reading such corrupted files can " +"result in a hard crash (segmentation fault)." +msgstr "" +"作为 macOS 的组成部分提供的 NDBM 库对值的大小有一个未写入文档的限制，当存储的值大于此限制时可能会导致数据库文件损坏。 " +"读取这种已损坏的文件可能会导致硬崩溃（段错误）。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Raised on :mod:`dbm.ndbm`-specific errors, such as I/O errors. " +":exc:`KeyError` is raised for general mapping errors like specifying an " +"incorrect key." +msgstr "" +"针对 :mod:`dbm.ndbm` 专属错误例如 I/O 错误引发。 :exc:`KeyError` 的引发则针对一般映射错误例如指定了不正确的键。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:341 +msgid "Name of the NDBM implementation library used." +msgstr "所使用的 NDBM 实现库的名称。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:346 +msgid "Open an NDBM database and return an :class:`!ndbm` object." +msgstr "打开 NDBM 数据库并返回一个 :class:`!ndbm` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:348 +msgid "" +"The basename of the database file (without the :file:`.dir` or :file:`.pag` " +"extensions)." +msgstr "数据库文件的基本名（不带 :file:`.dir` 或 :file:`.pag` 扩展名）。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:362 +msgid "" +":class:`!ndbm` objects behave similar to :term:`mappings `, but " +":meth:`!items` and :meth:`!values` methods are not supported. The following " +"methods are also provided:" +msgstr "" +":class:`!ndbm` 对象的行为类似于 :term:`映射 `，但不支持 :meth:`!items` 和 " +":meth:`!values` 方法。 还提供了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:366 +msgid "Accepts :term:`path-like object` for filename." +msgstr "接受 :term:`path-like object` 作为文件名。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:371 +msgid "Close the NDBM database." +msgstr "关闭 NDBM 数据库。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:375 +msgid "Remove all items from the NDBM database." +msgstr "从 NDBM 数据库移除所有条目。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:381 +msgid ":mod:`dbm.dumb` --- Portable DBM implementation" +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.dumb` --- 便携式 DBM 实现" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:386 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dbm/dumb.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/dbm/dumb.py`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:392 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dbm.dumb` module is intended as a last resort fallback for the " +":mod:`dbm` module when a more robust module is not available. The " +":mod:`dbm.dumb` module is not written for speed and is not nearly as heavily" +" used as the other database modules." +msgstr "" +":mod:`dbm.dumb` 模块的目的是在更健壮的模块不可用时作为 :mod:`dbm` 模块的最终回退项。 :mod:`dbm.dumb` " +"不是为高速运行而编写的，也不像其他数据库模块一样被经常使用。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:399 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dbm.dumb` module provides a persistent :class:`dict`-like " +"interface which is written entirely in Python. Unlike other :mod:`dbm` " +"backends, such as :mod:`dbm.gnu`, no external library is required." +msgstr "" +":mod:`dbm.dumb` 模块提供了一个完全以 Python 编写的持久化 :class:`dict` 型接口。 不同于其他 :mod:`dbm`" +" 后端，例如 :mod:`dbm.gnu`，它不需要外部库。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:404 +msgid "The :mod:`!dbm.dumb` module defines the following:" +msgstr ":mod:`!dbm.dumb` 模块定义了以下对象：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:408 +msgid "" +"Raised on :mod:`dbm.dumb`-specific errors, such as I/O errors. " +":exc:`KeyError` is raised for general mapping errors like specifying an " +"incorrect key." +msgstr "" +"针对 :mod:`dbm.dumb` 专属错误例如 I/O 错误引发。 :exc:`KeyError` 的引发则针对一般映射例如指定了不正确的键。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:414 +msgid "" +"Open a :mod:`!dbm.dumb` database. The returned database object behaves " +"similar to a :term:`mapping`, in addition to providing :meth:`~dumbdbm.sync`" +" and :meth:`~dumbdbm.close` methods." +msgstr "" +"打开一个 :mod:`!dbm.dumb` 数据库。 返回的数据库对象的行为类似于 :term:`mapping`，并额外提供 " +":meth:`~dumbdbm.sync` 和 :meth:`~dumbdbm.close` 等方法。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:419 +msgid "" +"The basename of the database file (without extensions). A new database " +"creates the following files: - :file:`{filename}.dat` - " +":file:`{filename}.dir`" +msgstr "" +"数据库文件的基本名（不带扩展名）。 新数据库将会创建以下文件: - :file:`{filename}.dat` - " +":file:`{filename}.dir`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:420 +msgid "" +"The basename of the database file (without extensions). A new database " +"creates the following files:" +msgstr "数据库文件的基本名（不带扩展名）。 新数据库将会创建以下文件：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:423 +msgid ":file:`{filename}.dat`" +msgstr ":file:`{filename}.dat`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:424 +msgid ":file:`{filename}.dir`" +msgstr ":file:`{filename}.dir`" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:427 +msgid "" +"* ``'r'``: |flag_r| * ``'w'``: |flag_w| * ``'c'`` (default): |flag_c| * " +"``'n'``: |flag_n|" +msgstr "" +"* ``'r'``: |flag_r| * ``'w'``: |flag_w| * ``'c'`` (默认): |flag_c| * ``'n'``: " +"|flag_n|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:428 +msgid "``'r'``: |flag_r|" +msgstr "``'r'``: |flag_r|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:430 +msgid "``'c'`` (default): |flag_c|" +msgstr "``'c'`` (default): |flag_c|" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:437 +msgid "" +"It is possible to crash the Python interpreter when loading a database with " +"a sufficiently large/complex entry due to stack depth limitations in " +"Python's AST compiler." +msgstr "当载入包含足够巨大/复杂条目的数据库时有可能导致 Python 解释器的崩溃，这是由于 Python AST 编译器有栈深度限制。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:441 +msgid "" +":func:`~dbm.dumb.open` always creates a new database when *flag* is ``'n'``." +msgstr ":func:`~dbm.dumb.open` 在 *flag* 为 ``'n'`` 时将总是创建一个新数据库。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:444 +msgid "" +"A database opened read-only if *flag* is ``'r'``. A database is not created " +"if it does not exist if *flag* is ``'r'`` or ``'w'``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *flag* 为 ``'r'`` 则打开的数据库将为只读的。 如果 *flag* 为 ``'r'`` 或 ``'w'`` " +"则当数据库不存在时不会自动创建它。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:451 +msgid "" +"In addition to the methods provided by the " +":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` class, the following methods are " +"provided:" +msgstr "在 :class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` 类所提供的方法之外，还提供了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:457 +msgid "" +"Synchronize the on-disk directory and data files. This method is called by " +"the :meth:`shelve.Shelf.sync` method." +msgstr "同步磁盘上的目录和数据文件。 此方法将被 :meth:`shelve.Shelf.sync` 方法调用。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:462 +msgid "Close the database." +msgstr "关闭数据库。" + +#: ../../library/dbm.rst:388 +msgid "databases" +msgstr "数据库" diff --git a/library/debug.po b/library/debug.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b92a8359 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/debug.po @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/debug.rst:3 +msgid "Debugging and Profiling" +msgstr "调试和分析" + +#: ../../library/debug.rst:5 +msgid "" +"These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you " +"to step through code, analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc., and the" +" profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times, " +"allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs. Auditing events " +"provide visibility into runtime behaviors that would otherwise require " +"intrusive debugging or patching." +msgstr "" +"这些库可以帮助你进行 Python " +"开发：调试器使你能够逐步执行代码，分析堆栈帧并设置中断点等等，性能分析器可以运行代码并为你提供执行时间的详细数据，使你能够找出你的程序中的瓶颈。 " +"审计事件提供运行时行为的可见性，如果没有此工具则需要进行侵入式调试或修补。" diff --git a/library/decimal.po b/library/decimal.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb1f5e559 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/decimal.po @@ -0,0 +1,3394 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!decimal` --- Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic" +msgstr ":mod:`!decimal` --- 十进制定点和浮点算术" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:15 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/decimal.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/decimal.py`" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`decimal` module provides support for fast correctly rounded " +"decimal floating-point arithmetic. It offers several advantages over the " +":class:`float` datatype:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`decimal` 模块提供了对快速且正确舍入的十进制浮点运算的支持。 与 :class:`float` 数据类型相比它具有以下优势:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Decimal \"is based on a floating-point model which was designed with people " +"in mind, and necessarily has a paramount guiding principle -- computers must" +" provide an arithmetic that works in the same way as the arithmetic that " +"people learn at school.\" -- excerpt from the decimal arithmetic " +"specification." +msgstr "" +"Decimal 类型的“设计是基于考虑人类习惯的浮点数模型，并且因此具有以下最高指导原则 —— 计算机必须提供与人们在学校所学习的算术相一致的算术。” " +"—— 摘自 decimal 算术规范描述。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Decimal numbers can be represented exactly. In contrast, numbers like " +"``1.1`` and ``2.2`` do not have exact representations in binary floating " +"point. End users typically would not expect ``1.1 + 2.2`` to display as " +"``3.3000000000000003`` as it does with binary floating point." +msgstr "" +"Decimal 数字可以完全精确地表示。 相比之下，``1.1`` 和 ``2.2`` 这样的数字在二进制浮点形式下没有精确的表示。 最终用户通常不希望" +" ``1.1 + 2.2`` 像在二进制浮点形式下那样被显示为 ``3.3000000000000003``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:47 +msgid "" +"The exactness carries over into arithmetic. In decimal floating point, " +"``0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 - 0.3`` is exactly equal to zero. In binary floating " +"point, the result is ``5.5511151231257827e-017``. While near to zero, the " +"differences prevent reliable equality testing and differences can " +"accumulate. For this reason, decimal is preferred in accounting applications" +" which have strict equality invariants." +msgstr "" +"这样的精确性会延续到算术运算中。 对于 decimal 浮点数，``0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 - 0.3`` 会精确地等于零。 " +"而对于二进制浮点数，结果则为 ``5.5511151231257827e-017``。 " +"虽然接近于零，但其中的误差将妨碍到可靠的相等性检测并且这样的误差还会不断累积。 因此，decimal 更适合具有严格相等不变性要求的会计类应用。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:54 +msgid "" +"The decimal module incorporates a notion of significant places so that " +"``1.30 + 1.20`` is ``2.50``. The trailing zero is kept to indicate " +"significance. This is the customary presentation for monetary applications. " +"For multiplication, the \"schoolbook\" approach uses all the figures in the " +"multiplicands. For instance, ``1.3 * 1.2`` gives ``1.56`` while ``1.30 * " +"1.20`` gives ``1.5600``." +msgstr "" +"decimal 模块包含有效位的概念因而使得 ``1.30 + 1.20`` 等于 ``2.50``。 末尾的零会被保留以表明有效位。 " +"这是货币相关应用的惯例表示方式。 对于乘法，则按“教科书”方式来使用被乘数中的所有数位。 例如，``1.3 * 1.2`` 结果为 ``1.56`` 而" +" ``1.30 * 1.20`` 结果为 ``1.5600``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Unlike hardware based binary floating point, the decimal module has a user " +"alterable precision (defaulting to 28 places) which can be as large as " +"needed for a given problem:" +msgstr "与基于硬件的二进制浮点不同，十进制模块具有用户可更改的精度（默认为28位），可以与给定问题所需的一样大：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Both binary and decimal floating point are implemented in terms of published" +" standards. While the built-in float type exposes only a modest portion of " +"its capabilities, the decimal module exposes all required parts of the " +"standard. When needed, the programmer has full control over rounding and " +"signal handling. This includes an option to enforce exact arithmetic by " +"using exceptions to block any inexact operations." +msgstr "" +"二进制和 decimal 浮点数都是根据已发布的标准实现的。 虽然内置浮点类型只公开其功能的一小部分，但 decimal 模块公开了标准的所有必需部分。" +" 在需要时，程序员可以完全控制舍入和信号处理。 这包括通过使用异常来阻止任何不精确操作来强制执行精确算术的选项。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:80 +msgid "" +"The decimal module was designed to support \"without prejudice, both exact " +"unrounded decimal arithmetic (sometimes called fixed-point arithmetic) and " +"rounded floating-point arithmetic.\" -- excerpt from the decimal arithmetic" +" specification." +msgstr "" +"decimal 模块旨在支持“无偏差，精确无舍入的十进制算术（有时称为定点数算术）和有舍入的浮点数算术”。 —— 摘自 decimal 算术规范说明。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:85 +msgid "" +"The module design is centered around three concepts: the decimal number, " +"the context for arithmetic, and signals." +msgstr "该模块的设计以三个概念为中心：decimal 数值，算术上下文和信号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:88 +msgid "" +"A decimal number is immutable. It has a sign, coefficient digits, and an " +"exponent. To preserve significance, the coefficient digits do not truncate " +"trailing zeros. Decimals also include special values such as ``Infinity``, " +"``-Infinity``, and ``NaN``. The standard also differentiates ``-0`` from " +"``+0``." +msgstr "" +"decimal 数值属于不可变对象。 它由一个符号、一个系数值及一个指数值组成。 为了保留有效位，系数值不会截去末尾的零。 decimal " +"数值还包括特殊值如 ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity`` 和 ``NaN``。 该标准还会区分 ``-0`` 和 ``+0``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:94 +msgid "" +"The context for arithmetic is an environment specifying precision, rounding " +"rules, limits on exponents, flags indicating the results of operations, and " +"trap enablers which determine whether signals are treated as exceptions. " +"Rounding options include :const:`ROUND_CEILING`, :const:`ROUND_DOWN`, " +":const:`ROUND_FLOOR`, :const:`ROUND_HALF_DOWN`, :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN`, " +":const:`ROUND_HALF_UP`, :const:`ROUND_UP`, and :const:`ROUND_05UP`." +msgstr "" +"算术的上下文是指定精度、舍入规则、指数限制、指示操作结果的标志以及确定符号是否被视为异常的陷阱启用器的环境。 舍入选项包括 " +":const:`ROUND_CEILING` 、 :const:`ROUND_DOWN` 、 :const:`ROUND_FLOOR` 、 " +":const:`ROUND_HALF_DOWN`, :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN` 、 :const:`ROUND_HALF_UP` " +"、 :const:`ROUND_UP` 以及 :const:`ROUND_05UP`." + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Signals are groups of exceptional conditions arising during the course of " +"computation. Depending on the needs of the application, signals may be " +"ignored, considered as informational, or treated as exceptions. The signals " +"in the decimal module are: :const:`Clamped`, :const:`InvalidOperation`, " +":const:`DivisionByZero`, :const:`Inexact`, :const:`Rounded`, " +":const:`Subnormal`, :const:`Overflow`, :const:`Underflow` and " +":const:`FloatOperation`." +msgstr "" +"信号是在计算过程中出现的异常条件组。 根据应用程序的需要，信号可能会被忽略，被视为信息，或被视为异常。 " +"十进制模块中的信号有：:const:`Clamped` 、 :const:`InvalidOperation` 、 " +":const:`DivisionByZero` 、 :const:`Inexact` 、 :const:`Rounded` 、 " +":const:`Subnormal` 、 :const:`Overflow` 、 :const:`Underflow` 以及 " +":const:`FloatOperation` 。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:108 +msgid "" +"For each signal there is a flag and a trap enabler. When a signal is " +"encountered, its flag is set to one, then, if the trap enabler is set to " +"one, an exception is raised. Flags are sticky, so the user needs to reset " +"them before monitoring a calculation." +msgstr "" +"对于每个信号，都有一个标志和一个陷阱启动器。 遇到信号时，其标志设置为 1 ，然后，如果陷阱启用器设置为 1 ，则引发异常。 " +"标志是粘性的，因此用户需要在监控计算之前重置它们。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:116 +msgid "" +"IBM's General Decimal Arithmetic Specification, `The General Decimal " +"Arithmetic Specification `_." +msgstr "" +"IBM 的通用十进制算术规范描述，`The General Decimal Arithmetic Specification " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:125 +msgid "Quick-start Tutorial" +msgstr "快速入门教程" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:127 +msgid "" +"The usual start to using decimals is importing the module, viewing the " +"current context with :func:`getcontext` and, if necessary, setting new " +"values for precision, rounding, or enabled traps::" +msgstr "" +"通常使用 decimal 的方式是先导入该模块，通过 :func:`getcontext` " +"查看当前上下文，并在必要时为精度、舍入或启用的陷阱设置新值::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:131 +msgid "" +">>> from decimal import *\n" +">>> getcontext()\n" +"Context(prec=28, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN, Emin=-999999, Emax=999999,\n" +" capitals=1, clamp=0, flags=[], traps=[Overflow, DivisionByZero,\n" +" InvalidOperation])\n" +"\n" +">>> getcontext().prec = 7 # Set a new precision" +msgstr "" +">>> from decimal import *\n" +">>> getcontext()\n" +"Context(prec=28, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN, Emin=-999999, Emax=999999,\n" +" capitals=1, clamp=0, flags=[], traps=[Overflow, DivisionByZero,\n" +" InvalidOperation])\n" +"\n" +">>> getcontext().prec = 7 # 设置新的精度" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Decimal instances can be constructed from integers, strings, floats, or " +"tuples. Construction from an integer or a float performs an exact conversion" +" of the value of that integer or float. Decimal numbers include special " +"values such as ``NaN`` which stands for \"Not a number\", positive and " +"negative ``Infinity``, and ``-0``::" +msgstr "" +"Decimal 实例可以基于整数、字符串、浮点数或元组来构建。 基于整数或浮点数进行构建将执行该整数或浮点数值的精确转换。 Decimal " +"数字包括特殊值如代表“非数字”的 ``NaN``，正的和负的 ``Infinity`` 以及 ``-0``::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:145 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 28\n" +">>> Decimal(10)\n" +"Decimal('10')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.14')\n" +"Decimal('3.14')\n" +">>> Decimal(3.14)\n" +"Decimal('3.140000000000000124344978758017532527446746826171875')\n" +">>> Decimal((0, (3, 1, 4), -2))\n" +"Decimal('3.14')\n" +">>> Decimal(str(2.0 ** 0.5))\n" +"Decimal('1.4142135623730951')\n" +">>> Decimal(2) ** Decimal('0.5')\n" +"Decimal('1.414213562373095048801688724')\n" +">>> Decimal('NaN')\n" +"Decimal('NaN')\n" +">>> Decimal('-Infinity')\n" +"Decimal('-Infinity')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 28\n" +">>> Decimal(10)\n" +"Decimal('10')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.14')\n" +"Decimal('3.14')\n" +">>> Decimal(3.14)\n" +"Decimal('3.140000000000000124344978758017532527446746826171875')\n" +">>> Decimal((0, (3, 1, 4), -2))\n" +"Decimal('3.14')\n" +">>> Decimal(str(2.0 ** 0.5))\n" +"Decimal('1.4142135623730951')\n" +">>> Decimal(2) ** Decimal('0.5')\n" +"Decimal('1.414213562373095048801688724')\n" +">>> Decimal('NaN')\n" +"Decimal('NaN')\n" +">>> Decimal('-Infinity')\n" +"Decimal('-Infinity')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:163 +msgid "" +"If the :exc:`FloatOperation` signal is trapped, accidental mixing of " +"decimals and floats in constructors or ordering comparisons raises an " +"exception::" +msgstr "如果 :exc:`FloatOperation` 信号被捕获，构造函数中的小数和浮点数的意外混合或排序比较会引发异常 ::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:167 +msgid "" +">>> c = getcontext()\n" +">>> c.traps[FloatOperation] = True\n" +">>> Decimal(3.14)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"decimal.FloatOperation: []\n" +">>> Decimal('3.5') < 3.7\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"decimal.FloatOperation: []\n" +">>> Decimal('3.5') == 3.5\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> c = getcontext()\n" +">>> c.traps[FloatOperation] = True\n" +">>> Decimal(3.14)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"decimal.FloatOperation: []\n" +">>> Decimal('3.5') < 3.7\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"decimal.FloatOperation: []\n" +">>> Decimal('3.5') == 3.5\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:182 +msgid "" +"The significance of a new Decimal is determined solely by the number of " +"digits input. Context precision and rounding only come into play during " +"arithmetic operations." +msgstr "新 Decimal 的重要性仅由输入的位数决定。 上下文精度和舍入仅在算术运算期间发挥作用。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:186 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 6\n" +">>> Decimal('3.0')\n" +"Decimal('3.0')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.1415926535')\n" +"Decimal('3.1415926535')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.1415926535') + Decimal('2.7182818285')\n" +"Decimal('5.85987')\n" +">>> getcontext().rounding = ROUND_UP\n" +">>> Decimal('3.1415926535') + Decimal('2.7182818285')\n" +"Decimal('5.85988')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 6\n" +">>> Decimal('3.0')\n" +"Decimal('3.0')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.1415926535')\n" +"Decimal('3.1415926535')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.1415926535') + Decimal('2.7182818285')\n" +"Decimal('5.85987')\n" +">>> getcontext().rounding = ROUND_UP\n" +">>> Decimal('3.1415926535') + Decimal('2.7182818285')\n" +"Decimal('5.85988')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:199 +msgid "" +"If the internal limits of the C version are exceeded, constructing a decimal" +" raises :class:`InvalidOperation`::" +msgstr "如果超出了 C 版本的内部限制，则构造一个 decimal 将引发 :class:`InvalidOperation` ::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:202 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal(\"1e9999999999999999999\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"decimal.InvalidOperation: []" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal(\"1e9999999999999999999\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"decimal.InvalidOperation: []" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Decimals interact well with much of the rest of Python. Here is a small " +"decimal floating-point flying circus:" +msgstr "Decimal 能很好地与 Python 的其余部分交互。 以下是一个小小的 decimal 浮点数飞行马戏团：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:212 +msgid "" +">>> data = list(map(Decimal, '1.34 1.87 3.45 2.35 1.00 0.03 9.25'.split()))\n" +">>> max(data)\n" +"Decimal('9.25')\n" +">>> min(data)\n" +"Decimal('0.03')\n" +">>> sorted(data)\n" +"[Decimal('0.03'), Decimal('1.00'), Decimal('1.34'), Decimal('1.87'),\n" +" Decimal('2.35'), Decimal('3.45'), Decimal('9.25')]\n" +">>> sum(data)\n" +"Decimal('19.29')\n" +">>> a,b,c = data[:3]\n" +">>> str(a)\n" +"'1.34'\n" +">>> float(a)\n" +"1.34\n" +">>> round(a, 1)\n" +"Decimal('1.3')\n" +">>> int(a)\n" +"1\n" +">>> a * 5\n" +"Decimal('6.70')\n" +">>> a * b\n" +"Decimal('2.5058')\n" +">>> c % a\n" +"Decimal('0.77')" +msgstr "" +">>> data = list(map(Decimal, '1.34 1.87 3.45 2.35 1.00 0.03 9.25'.split()))\n" +">>> max(data)\n" +"Decimal('9.25')\n" +">>> min(data)\n" +"Decimal('0.03')\n" +">>> sorted(data)\n" +"[Decimal('0.03'), Decimal('1.00'), Decimal('1.34'), Decimal('1.87'),\n" +" Decimal('2.35'), Decimal('3.45'), Decimal('9.25')]\n" +">>> sum(data)\n" +"Decimal('19.29')\n" +">>> a,b,c = data[:3]\n" +">>> str(a)\n" +"'1.34'\n" +">>> float(a)\n" +"1.34\n" +">>> round(a, 1)\n" +"Decimal('1.3')\n" +">>> int(a)\n" +"1\n" +">>> a * 5\n" +"Decimal('6.70')\n" +">>> a * b\n" +"Decimal('2.5058')\n" +">>> c % a\n" +"Decimal('0.77')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:241 +msgid "And some mathematical functions are also available to Decimal:" +msgstr "Decimal 也可以使用一些数学函数：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Decimal.quantize` method rounds a number to a fixed exponent. " +"This method is useful for monetary applications that often round results to " +"a fixed number of places:" +msgstr ":meth:`~Decimal.quantize` 方法将舍入为固定的指数。 此方法对于将结果舍入到固定位置的货币应用程序来说很有用处:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:262 +msgid "" +"As shown above, the :func:`getcontext` function accesses the current context" +" and allows the settings to be changed. This approach meets the needs of " +"most applications." +msgstr "如上所示，:func:`getcontext` 函数访问当前上下文并允许更改设置。 这种方法满足大多数应用程序的需求。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:266 +msgid "" +"For more advanced work, it may be useful to create alternate contexts using " +"the Context() constructor. To make an alternate active, use the " +":func:`setcontext` function." +msgstr "" +"对于更高级的工作，使用 Context() 构造函数创建备用上下文可能很有用。 要使用备用活动，请使用 :func:`setcontext` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:270 +msgid "" +"In accordance with the standard, the :mod:`decimal` module provides two " +"ready to use standard contexts, :const:`BasicContext` and " +":const:`ExtendedContext`. The former is especially useful for debugging " +"because many of the traps are enabled:" +msgstr "" +"根据标准，:mod:`decimal` 模块提供了两个现成的标准上下文 :const:`BasicContext` 和 " +":const:`ExtendedContext` 。 前者对调试特别有用，因为许多陷阱都已启用：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:275 +msgid "" +">>> myothercontext = Context(prec=60, rounding=ROUND_HALF_DOWN)\n" +">>> setcontext(myothercontext)\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal('0.142857142857142857142857142857142857142857142857142857142857')\n" +"\n" +">>> ExtendedContext\n" +"Context(prec=9, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN, Emin=-999999, Emax=999999,\n" +" capitals=1, clamp=0, flags=[], traps=[])\n" +">>> setcontext(ExtendedContext)\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal('0.142857143')\n" +">>> Decimal(42) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Decimal('Infinity')\n" +"\n" +">>> setcontext(BasicContext)\n" +">>> Decimal(42) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in -toplevel-\n" +" Decimal(42) / Decimal(0)\n" +"DivisionByZero: x / 0" +msgstr "" +">>> myothercontext = Context(prec=60, rounding=ROUND_HALF_DOWN)\n" +">>> setcontext(myothercontext)\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal('0.142857142857142857142857142857142857142857142857142857142857')\n" +"\n" +">>> ExtendedContext\n" +"Context(prec=9, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN, Emin=-999999, Emax=999999,\n" +" capitals=1, clamp=0, flags=[], traps=[])\n" +">>> setcontext(ExtendedContext)\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal('0.142857143')\n" +">>> Decimal(42) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Decimal('Infinity')\n" +"\n" +">>> setcontext(BasicContext)\n" +">>> Decimal(42) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in -toplevel-\n" +" Decimal(42) / Decimal(0)\n" +"DivisionByZero: x / 0" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Contexts also have signal flags for monitoring exceptional conditions " +"encountered during computations. The flags remain set until explicitly " +"cleared, so it is best to clear the flags before each set of monitored " +"computations by using the :meth:`~Context.clear_flags` method. ::" +msgstr "" +"上下文还具有用于监视计算期间遇到的异常情况的信号旗标。 这些旗标将保持设置直到被显式地清除，因此最好是通过使用 " +":meth:`~Context.clear_flags` 方法来清除每组受监控的计算之前的旗标。 ::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:304 +msgid "" +">>> setcontext(ExtendedContext)\n" +">>> getcontext().clear_flags()\n" +">>> Decimal(355) / Decimal(113)\n" +"Decimal('3.14159292')\n" +">>> getcontext()\n" +"Context(prec=9, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN, Emin=-999999, Emax=999999,\n" +" capitals=1, clamp=0, flags=[Inexact, Rounded], traps=[])" +msgstr "" +">>> setcontext(ExtendedContext)\n" +">>> getcontext().clear_flags()\n" +">>> Decimal(355) / Decimal(113)\n" +"Decimal('3.14159292')\n" +">>> getcontext()\n" +"Context(prec=9, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN, Emin=-999999, Emax=999999,\n" +" capitals=1, clamp=0, flags=[Inexact, Rounded], traps=[])" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:312 +msgid "" +"The *flags* entry shows that the rational approximation to pi was rounded " +"(digits beyond the context precision were thrown away) and that the result " +"is inexact (some of the discarded digits were non-zero)." +msgstr "*flags* 条目显示对 pi 的有理逼近被舍入（超出上下文精度的数字会被丢弃）并且结果是不精确的（某些被丢弃的数字为非零值）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:316 +msgid "" +"Individual traps are set using the dictionary in the :attr:`~Context.traps` " +"attribute of a context:" +msgstr "单个陷阱是使用上下文的 :attr:`~Context.traps` 属性中的字典来设置的:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:319 +msgid "" +">>> setcontext(ExtendedContext)\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Decimal('Infinity')\n" +">>> getcontext().traps[DivisionByZero] = 1\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in -toplevel-\n" +" Decimal(1) / Decimal(0)\n" +"DivisionByZero: x / 0" +msgstr "" +">>> setcontext(ExtendedContext)\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Decimal('Infinity')\n" +">>> getcontext().traps[DivisionByZero] = 1\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in -toplevel-\n" +" Decimal(1) / Decimal(0)\n" +"DivisionByZero: x / 0" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Most programs adjust the current context only once, at the beginning of the " +"program. And, in many applications, data is converted to :class:`Decimal` " +"with a single cast inside a loop. With context set and decimals created, " +"the bulk of the program manipulates the data no differently than with other " +"Python numeric types." +msgstr "" +"大多数程序仅在程序开始时调整当前上下文一次。 并且，在许多应用程序中，数据在循环内单个强制转换为 :class:`Decimal` 。 " +"通过创建上下文集和小数，程序的大部分操作数据与其他 Python 数字类型没有区别。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:343 +msgid "Decimal objects" +msgstr "Decimal 对象" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:348 +msgid "Construct a new :class:`Decimal` object based from *value*." +msgstr "根据 *value* 构造一个新的 :class:`Decimal` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:350 +msgid "" +"*value* can be an integer, string, tuple, :class:`float`, or another " +":class:`Decimal` object. If no *value* is given, returns ``Decimal('0')``. " +"If *value* is a string, it should conform to the decimal numeric string " +"syntax after leading and trailing whitespace characters, as well as " +"underscores throughout, are removed::" +msgstr "" +"*value* 可以是整数，字符串，元组，:class:`float` ，或另一个 :class:`Decimal` 对象。 如果没有给出 " +"*value*，则返回 ``Decimal('0')``。 如果 *value* " +"是一个字符串，它应该在前导和尾随空格字符以及下划线被删除之后符合十进制数字字符串语法::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:355 +msgid "" +"sign ::= '+' | '-'\n" +"digit ::= '0' | '1' | '2' | '3' | '4' | '5' | '6' | '7' | '8' | '9'\n" +"indicator ::= 'e' | 'E'\n" +"digits ::= digit [digit]...\n" +"decimal-part ::= digits '.' [digits] | ['.'] digits\n" +"exponent-part ::= indicator [sign] digits\n" +"infinity ::= 'Infinity' | 'Inf'\n" +"nan ::= 'NaN' [digits] | 'sNaN' [digits]\n" +"numeric-value ::= decimal-part [exponent-part] | infinity\n" +"numeric-string ::= [sign] numeric-value | [sign] nan" +msgstr "" +"sign ::= '+' | '-'\n" +"digit ::= '0' | '1' | '2' | '3' | '4' | '5' | '6' | '7' | '8' | '9'\n" +"indicator ::= 'e' | 'E'\n" +"digits ::= digit [digit]...\n" +"decimal-part ::= digits '.' [digits] | ['.'] digits\n" +"exponent-part ::= indicator [sign] digits\n" +"infinity ::= 'Infinity' | 'Inf'\n" +"nan ::= 'NaN' [digits] | 'sNaN' [digits]\n" +"numeric-value ::= decimal-part [exponent-part] | infinity\n" +"numeric-string ::= [sign] numeric-value | [sign] nan" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Other Unicode decimal digits are also permitted where ``digit`` appears " +"above. These include decimal digits from various other alphabets (for " +"example, Arabic-Indic and Devanāgarī digits) along with the fullwidth digits" +" ``'\\uff10'`` through ``'\\uff19'``. Case is not significant, so, for " +"example, ``inf``, ``Inf``, ``INFINITY``, and ``iNfINity`` are all acceptable" +" spellings for positive infinity." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:373 +msgid "" +"If *value* is a :class:`tuple`, it should have three components, a sign " +"(``0`` for positive or ``1`` for negative), a :class:`tuple` of digits, and " +"an integer exponent. For example, ``Decimal((0, (1, 4, 1, 4), -3))`` returns" +" ``Decimal('1.414')``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *value* 是一个 :class:`tuple`，它应当有三个组成部分，一个符号 (``0`` 表示正数 ``1`` " +"表示负数)，一个由数字组成的 :class:`tuple`，以及一个整数指数值。 例如，``Decimal((0, (1, 4, 1, 4), " +"-3))`` 将返回 ``Decimal('1.414')``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:378 +msgid "" +"If *value* is a :class:`float`, the binary floating-point value is " +"losslessly converted to its exact decimal equivalent. This conversion can " +"often require 53 or more digits of precision. For example, " +"``Decimal(float('1.1'))`` converts to " +"``Decimal('1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625')``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *value* 是 :class:`float`，则二进制浮点值将无损地转换为其精确的十进制等效值。 此转换通常需要53位或更多位数的精度。 " +"例如，``Decimal(float('1.1'))`` 转换为 " +"``Decimal('1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625')``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:384 +msgid "" +"The *context* precision does not affect how many digits are stored. That is " +"determined exclusively by the number of digits in *value*. For example, " +"``Decimal('3.00000')`` records all five zeros even if the context precision " +"is only three." +msgstr "" +"*context* 精度不会影响存储的位数。 这完全由 *value* 中的位数决定。 例如，``Decimal('3.00000')`` " +"记录所有五个零，即使上下文精度只有三。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:389 +msgid "" +"The purpose of the *context* argument is determining what to do if *value* " +"is a malformed string. If the context traps :const:`InvalidOperation`, an " +"exception is raised; otherwise, the constructor returns a new Decimal with " +"the value of ``NaN``." +msgstr "" +"*context* 参数的目的是确定当 *value* 为错误格式的字符串时要怎么做。 如果上下文捕获了 " +":const:`InvalidOperation`，将会引发异常；在其他情况下，构造器将返回一个值为 ``NaN`` 的新 Decimal。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:394 +msgid "Once constructed, :class:`Decimal` objects are immutable." +msgstr "构造完成后， :class:`Decimal` 对象是不可变的。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:396 +msgid "" +"The argument to the constructor is now permitted to be a :class:`float` " +"instance." +msgstr "现在允许构造函数的参数为 :class:`float` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:400 +msgid "" +":class:`float` arguments raise an exception if the :exc:`FloatOperation` " +"trap is set. By default the trap is off." +msgstr ":class:`float` 参数在设置 :exc:`FloatOperation` 陷阱时引发异常。 默认情况下，陷阱已关闭。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Underscores are allowed for grouping, as with integral and floating-point " +"literals in code." +msgstr "允许下划线进行分组，就像代码中的整数和浮点文字一样。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:408 +msgid "" +"Decimal floating-point objects share many properties with the other built-in" +" numeric types such as :class:`float` and :class:`int`. All of the usual " +"math operations and special methods apply. Likewise, decimal objects can be" +" copied, pickled, printed, used as dictionary keys, used as set elements, " +"compared, sorted, and coerced to another type (such as :class:`float` or " +":class:`int`)." +msgstr "" +"十进制浮点对象与其他内置数值类型共享许多属性，例如 :class:`float` 和 :class:`int` 。 所有常用的数学运算和特殊方法都适用。" +" 同样，十进制对象可以复制、pickle、打印、用作字典键、用作集合元素、比较、排序和强制转换为另一种类型（例如 :class:`float` 或 " +":class:`int` 等）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:415 +msgid "" +"There are some small differences between arithmetic on Decimal objects and " +"arithmetic on integers and floats. When the remainder operator ``%`` is " +"applied to Decimal objects, the sign of the result is the sign of the " +"*dividend* rather than the sign of the divisor::" +msgstr "" +"算术对十进制对象和算术对整数和浮点数有一些小的差别。 当余数运算符 ``%`` 应用于Decimal对象时，结果的符号是 *被除数* " +"的符号，而不是除数的符号::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:420 +msgid "" +">>> (-7) % 4\n" +"1\n" +">>> Decimal(-7) % Decimal(4)\n" +"Decimal('-3')" +msgstr "" +">>> (-7) % 4\n" +"1\n" +">>> Decimal(-7) % Decimal(4)\n" +"Decimal('-3')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:425 +msgid "" +"The integer division operator ``//`` behaves analogously, returning the " +"integer part of the true quotient (truncating towards zero) rather than its " +"floor, so as to preserve the usual identity ``x == (x // y) * y + x % y``::" +msgstr "" +"整数除法运算符 ``//`` 的行为类似，返回真商的整数部分（截断为零）而不是它的向下取整，以便保留通常的标识 ``x == (x // y) * y " +"+ x % y``::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:429 +msgid "" +">>> -7 // 4\n" +"-2\n" +">>> Decimal(-7) // Decimal(4)\n" +"Decimal('-1')" +msgstr "" +">>> -7 // 4\n" +"-2\n" +">>> Decimal(-7) // Decimal(4)\n" +"Decimal('-1')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:434 +msgid "" +"The ``%`` and ``//`` operators implement the ``remainder`` and ``divide-" +"integer`` operations (respectively) as described in the specification." +msgstr "" +"``%`` 和 ``//`` 运算符实现了 ``remainder`` 和 ``divide-integer`` 操作（分别），如规范中所述。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:438 +msgid "" +"Decimal objects cannot generally be combined with floats or instances of " +":class:`fractions.Fraction` in arithmetic operations: an attempt to add a " +":class:`Decimal` to a :class:`float`, for example, will raise a " +":exc:`TypeError`. However, it is possible to use Python's comparison " +"operators to compare a :class:`Decimal` instance ``x`` with another number " +"``y``. This avoids confusing results when doing equality comparisons " +"between numbers of different types." +msgstr "" +"十进制对象通常不能与浮点数或 :class:`fractions.Fraction` 实例在算术运算中结合使用：例如,尝试将 " +":class:`Decimal` 加到 :class:`float` ，将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 但是，可以使用 Python " +"的比较运算符来比较 :class:`Decimal` 实例 ``x`` 和另一个数字 ``y`` 。 " +"这样可以避免在对不同类型的数字进行相等比较时混淆结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Mixed-type comparisons between :class:`Decimal` instances and other numeric " +"types are now fully supported." +msgstr "现在完全支持 :class:`Decimal` 实例和其他数字类型之间的混合类型比较。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:450 +msgid "" +"In addition to the standard numeric properties, decimal floating-point " +"objects also have a number of specialized methods:" +msgstr "除了标准的数字属性，十进制浮点对象还有许多专门的方法：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:456 +msgid "" +"Return the adjusted exponent after shifting out the coefficient's rightmost " +"digits until only the lead digit remains: ``Decimal('321e+5').adjusted()`` " +"returns seven. Used for determining the position of the most significant " +"digit with respect to the decimal point." +msgstr "" +"在移出系数最右边的数字之后返回调整后的指数，直到只剩下前导数字：``Decimal('321e+5').adjusted()`` 返回 7 。 " +"用于确定最高有效位相对于小数点的位置。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Return a pair ``(n, d)`` of integers that represent the given " +":class:`Decimal` instance as a fraction, in lowest terms and with a positive" +" denominator::" +msgstr "返回一对 ``(n, d)`` 整数，表示给定的 :class:`Decimal` 实例作为分数、最简形式项并带有正分母::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:467 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal('-3.14').as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(-157, 50)" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal('-3.14').as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(-157, 50)" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:470 +msgid "" +"The conversion is exact. Raise OverflowError on infinities and ValueError " +"on NaNs." +msgstr "转换是精确的。 在 Infinity 上引发 OverflowError ，在 NaN 上引起 ValueError 。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:477 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`named tuple` representation of the number: " +"``DecimalTuple(sign, digits, exponent)``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`named tuple` 表示的数字： ``DecimalTuple(sign, digits, exponent)``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:483 +msgid "" +"Return the canonical encoding of the argument. Currently, the encoding of a" +" :class:`Decimal` instance is always canonical, so this operation returns " +"its argument unchanged." +msgstr "返回参数的规范编码。 目前，一个 :class:`Decimal` 实例的编码始终是规范的，因此该操作返回其参数不变。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:489 +msgid "" +"Compare the values of two Decimal instances. :meth:`compare` returns a " +"Decimal instance, and if either operand is a NaN then the result is a NaN::" +msgstr "" +"比较两个 Decimal 实例的值。 :meth:`compare` 返回一个 Decimal 实例，如果任一操作数是 NaN ，那么结果是 NaN " +"::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:493 +msgid "" +"a or b is a NaN ==> Decimal('NaN')\n" +"a < b ==> Decimal('-1')\n" +"a == b ==> Decimal('0')\n" +"a > b ==> Decimal('1')" +msgstr "" +"a or b is a NaN ==> Decimal('NaN')\n" +"a < b ==> Decimal('-1')\n" +"a == b ==> Decimal('0')\n" +"a > b ==> Decimal('1')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:500 +msgid "" +"This operation is identical to the :meth:`compare` method, except that all " +"NaNs signal. That is, if neither operand is a signaling NaN then any quiet " +"NaN operand is treated as though it were a signaling NaN." +msgstr "" +"除了所有 NaN 信号之外，此操作与 :meth:`compare` 方法相同。 也就是说，如果两个操作数都不是信令NaN，那么任何静默的 NaN " +"操作数都被视为信令NaN。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Compare two operands using their abstract representation rather than their " +"numerical value. Similar to the :meth:`compare` method, but the result " +"gives a total ordering on :class:`Decimal` instances. Two :class:`Decimal` " +"instances with the same numeric value but different representations compare " +"unequal in this ordering:" +msgstr "" +"使用它们的抽象表示而不是它们的数值来比较两个操作数。 类似于 :meth:`compare` 方法，但结果给出了一个总排序 " +":class:`Decimal` 实例。 两个 :class:`Decimal` 实例具有相同的数值但不同的表示形式在此排序中比较不相等：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:515 +msgid "" +"Quiet and signaling NaNs are also included in the total ordering. The " +"result of this function is ``Decimal('0')`` if both operands have the same " +"representation, ``Decimal('-1')`` if the first operand is lower in the total" +" order than the second, and ``Decimal('1')`` if the first operand is higher " +"in the total order than the second operand. See the specification for " +"details of the total order." +msgstr "" +"静默和发出信号的 NaN 也包括在总排序中。 这个函数的结果是 ``Decimal('0')`` 如果两个操作数具有相同的表示，或是 " +"``Decimal('-1')`` 如果第一个操作数的总顺序低于第二个操作数，或是 ``Decimal('1')`` " +"如果第一个操作数在总顺序中高于第二个操作数。 有关总排序的详细信息，请参阅规范。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:522 ../../library/decimal.rst:533 +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:561 ../../library/decimal.rst:848 +msgid "" +"This operation is unaffected by context and is quiet: no flags are changed " +"and no rounding is performed. As an exception, the C version may raise " +"InvalidOperation if the second operand cannot be converted exactly." +msgstr "" +"此操作不受上下文影响且静默：不更改任何标志且不执行舍入。 作为例外，如果无法准确转换第二个操作数，则C版本可能会引发InvalidOperation。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:528 +msgid "" +"Compare two operands using their abstract representation rather than their " +"value as in :meth:`compare_total`, but ignoring the sign of each operand. " +"``x.compare_total_mag(y)`` is equivalent to " +"``x.copy_abs().compare_total(y.copy_abs())``." +msgstr "" +"比较两个操作数使用它们的抽象表示而不是它们的值，如 :meth:`compare_total`，但忽略每个操作数的符号。 " +"``x.compare_total_mag(y)`` 相当于 ``x.copy_abs().compare_total(y.copy_abs())``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:539 +msgid "" +"Just returns self, this method is only to comply with the Decimal " +"Specification." +msgstr "只返回self，这种方法只符合 Decimal 规范。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Return the absolute value of the argument. This operation is unaffected by " +"the context and is quiet: no flags are changed and no rounding is performed." +msgstr "返回参数的绝对值。 此操作不受上下文影响并且是静默的：没有更改标志且不执行舍入。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Return the negation of the argument. This operation is unaffected by the " +"context and is quiet: no flags are changed and no rounding is performed." +msgstr "回到参数的否定。 此操作不受上下文影响并且是静默的：没有标志更改且不执行舍入。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:555 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the first operand with the sign set to be the same as the " +"sign of the second operand. For example:" +msgstr "返回第一个操作数的副本，其符号设置为与第二个操作数的符号相同。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:567 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the (natural) exponential function ``e**x`` at the given" +" number. The result is correctly rounded using the :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN`" +" rounding mode." +msgstr "返回给定数字的（自然）指数函数 ``e**x`` 的值。结果使用 :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN` 舍入模式正确舍入。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:578 +msgid "" +"Alternative constructor that only accepts instances of :class:`float` or " +":class:`int`." +msgstr "另一个构造函数，只接受 :class:`float` 或 :class:`int` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:581 +msgid "" +"Note ``Decimal.from_float(0.1)`` is not the same as ``Decimal('0.1')``. " +"Since 0.1 is not exactly representable in binary floating point, the value " +"is stored as the nearest representable value which is " +"``0x1.999999999999ap-4``. That equivalent value in decimal is " +"``0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625``." +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``Decimal.from_float(0.1)`` 与 ``Decimal('0.1')`` 是不同的。 由于 0.1 " +"不能以二进制浮点数精确表示，该值将被存储为最接受的可表示值 ``0x1.999999999999ap-4``。 与其等价的十进制值为 " +"``0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:587 +msgid "" +"From Python 3.2 onwards, a :class:`Decimal` instance can also be constructed" +" directly from a :class:`float`." +msgstr "从 Python 3.2 开始，:class:`Decimal` 实例也可以直接从 :class:`float` 构造。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:590 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal.from_float(0.1)\n" +"Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(float('nan'))\n" +"Decimal('NaN')\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(float('inf'))\n" +"Decimal('Infinity')\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(float('-inf'))\n" +"Decimal('-Infinity')" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal.from_float(0.1)\n" +"Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(float('nan'))\n" +"Decimal('NaN')\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(float('inf'))\n" +"Decimal('Infinity')\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(float('-inf'))\n" +"Decimal('-Infinity')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:605 +msgid "" +"Fused multiply-add. Return self*other+third with no rounding of the " +"intermediate product self*other." +msgstr "混合乘法加法。 返回 self*other+third ，中间乘积 self*other 没有舍入。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:613 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is canonical and :const:`False` " +"otherwise. Currently, a :class:`Decimal` instance is always canonical, so " +"this operation always returns :const:`True`." +msgstr "" +"如果参数是规范的，则为返回 :const:`True`，否则为 :const:`False` 。 目前，:class:`Decimal` " +"实例总是规范的，所以这个操作总是返回 :const:`True` 。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:619 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is a finite number, and :const:`False` " +"if the argument is an infinity or a NaN." +msgstr "如果参数是一个有限的数，则返回为 :const:`True` ；如果参数为无穷大或 NaN ，则返回为 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:624 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is either positive or negative infinity" +" and :const:`False` otherwise." +msgstr "如果参数为正负无穷大，则返回为 :const:`True` ，否则为 :const:`False` 。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:629 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is a (quiet or signaling) NaN and " +":const:`False` otherwise." +msgstr "如果参数为 NaN （无论是否静默），则返回为 :const:`True` ，否则为 :const:`False` 。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:634 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is a *normal* finite number. Return " +":const:`False` if the argument is zero, subnormal, infinite or a NaN." +msgstr "" +"如果参数是一个 *标准的* 有限数则返回 :const:`True`。 如果参数为零、次标准数、无穷大或 NaN 则返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:639 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is a quiet NaN, and :const:`False` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "如果参数为静默 NaN，返回 :const:`True`，否则返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument has a negative sign and :const:`False` " +"otherwise. Note that zeros and NaNs can both carry signs." +msgstr "如果参数带有负号，则返回为 :const:`True`，否则返回 :const:`False`。注意，0 和 NaN 都可带有符号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:649 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is a signaling NaN and :const:`False` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "如果参数为显式 NaN，则返回 :const:`True`，否则返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:654 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is subnormal, and :const:`False` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "如果参数为次标准数，则返回 :const:`True`，否则返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:659 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the argument is a (positive or negative) zero and " +":const:`False` otherwise." +msgstr "如果参数是0（正负皆可），则返回 :const:`True`，否则返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:664 +msgid "" +"Return the natural (base e) logarithm of the operand. The result is " +"correctly rounded using the :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN` rounding mode." +msgstr "返回操作数的自然对数（以 e 为底）。结果是使用 :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN` 舍入模式正确舍入的。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:669 +msgid "" +"Return the base ten logarithm of the operand. The result is correctly " +"rounded using the :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN` rounding mode." +msgstr "返回操作数的以十为底的对数。结果是使用 :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN` 舍入模式正确舍入的。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:674 +msgid "" +"For a nonzero number, return the adjusted exponent of its operand as a " +":class:`Decimal` instance. If the operand is a zero then " +"``Decimal('-Infinity')`` is returned and the :const:`DivisionByZero` flag is" +" raised. If the operand is an infinity then ``Decimal('Infinity')`` is " +"returned." +msgstr "" +"对于一个非零数，返回其运算数的调整后指数作为一个 :class:`Decimal` 实例。 如果运算数为零将返回 " +"``Decimal('-Infinity')`` 并且产生 the :const:`DivisionByZero` 标志。如果运算数是无限大则返回 " +"``Decimal('Infinity')`` 。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:682 +msgid "" +":meth:`logical_and` is a logical operation which takes two *logical " +"operands* (see :ref:`logical_operands_label`). The result is the digit-wise" +" ``and`` of the two operands." +msgstr "" +":meth:`logical_and` 是需要两个 *逻辑运算数* 的逻辑运算（参考 :ref:`logical_operands_label` " +"）。按位输出两运算数的 ``and`` 运算的结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:688 +msgid "" +":meth:`logical_invert` is a logical operation. The result is the digit-wise" +" inversion of the operand." +msgstr ":meth:`logical_invert` 是一个逻辑运算。结果是操作数的按位求反。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:693 +msgid "" +":meth:`logical_or` is a logical operation which takes two *logical operands*" +" (see :ref:`logical_operands_label`). The result is the digit-wise ``or`` " +"of the two operands." +msgstr "" +":meth:`logical_or` 是需要两个 *logical operands* 的逻辑运算（请参阅 " +":ref:`logical_operands_label` ）。结果是两个运算数的按位的 ``or`` 运算。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:699 +msgid "" +":meth:`logical_xor` is a logical operation which takes two *logical " +"operands* (see :ref:`logical_operands_label`). The result is the digit-wise" +" exclusive or of the two operands." +msgstr "" +":meth:`logical_xor` 是需要两个 *逻辑运算数* 的逻辑运算（参考 :ref:`logical_operands_label` " +"）。结果是按位输出的两运算数的异或运算。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:705 +msgid "" +"Like ``max(self, other)`` except that the context rounding rule is applied " +"before returning and that ``NaN`` values are either signaled or ignored " +"(depending on the context and whether they are signaling or quiet)." +msgstr "" +"类似于 ``max(self, other)`` 只是上下文舍入规则是在返回之前被应用并且对于 ``NaN`` " +"值会发出信号或忽略（依赖于上下文以及它们是否要发送信号或保持静默）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:712 +msgid "" +"Similar to the :meth:`.max` method, but the comparison is done using the " +"absolute values of the operands." +msgstr "与 :meth:`.max` 方法相似，但是操作数使用绝对值完成比较。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:717 +msgid "" +"Like ``min(self, other)`` except that the context rounding rule is applied " +"before returning and that ``NaN`` values are either signaled or ignored " +"(depending on the context and whether they are signaling or quiet)." +msgstr "" +"类似于 ``min(self, other)`` 只是上下文舍入规则是在返回之前被应用并且对于 ``NaN`` " +"值会发出信号或忽略（依赖于上下文以及它们是发出了信号还是保持静默）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:724 +msgid "" +"Similar to the :meth:`.min` method, but the comparison is done using the " +"absolute values of the operands." +msgstr "与 :meth:`.min` 方法相似，但是操作数使用绝对值完成比较。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Return the largest number representable in the given context (or in the " +"current thread's context if no context is given) that is smaller than the " +"given operand." +msgstr "返回小于给定操作数的上下文中可表示的最大数字（或者当前线程的上下文中的可表示的最大数字如果没有给定上下文）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:735 +msgid "" +"Return the smallest number representable in the given context (or in the " +"current thread's context if no context is given) that is larger than the " +"given operand." +msgstr "返回大于给定操作数的上下文中可表示的最小数字（或者当前线程的上下文中的可表示的最小数字如果没有给定上下文）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:741 +msgid "" +"If the two operands are unequal, return the number closest to the first " +"operand in the direction of the second operand. If both operands are " +"numerically equal, return a copy of the first operand with the sign set to " +"be the same as the sign of the second operand." +msgstr "" +"如果两运算数不相等，返回在第二个操作数的方向上最接近第一个操作数的数。如果两操作数数值上相等，返回将符号设置为与第二个运算数相同的第一个运算数的拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:748 +msgid "" +"Used for producing canonical values of an equivalence class within either " +"the current context or the specified context." +msgstr "用于在当前上下文或指定上下文中产生等价的类的规范值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:751 +msgid "" +"This has the same semantics as the unary plus operation, except that if the " +"final result is finite it is reduced to its simplest form, with all trailing" +" zeros removed and its sign preserved. That is, while the coefficient is " +"non-zero and a multiple of ten the coefficient is divided by ten and the " +"exponent is incremented by 1. Otherwise (the coefficient is zero) the " +"exponent is set to 0. In all cases the sign is unchanged." +msgstr "" +"该操作具有与单目取正值运算相同的语义，区别在于如果最终结果为有限值则将缩减到最简形式，即移除所有末尾的零并保留正负号。 " +"也就是说，当系数为非零值且为十的倍数时则将该系数除以十并将指数加 1。 否则（当系数为零）则将指数设为 0。 在任何情况下正负号都将保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:758 +msgid "" +"For example, ``Decimal('32.100')`` and ``Decimal('0.321000e+2')`` both " +"normalize to the equivalent value ``Decimal('32.1')``." +msgstr "" +"例如，``Decimal('32.100')`` 和 ``Decimal('0.321000e+2')`` 均将标准化为等价的值 " +"``Decimal('32.1')``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:761 +msgid "Note that rounding is applied *before* reducing to simplest form." +msgstr "请注意舍入的应用将在缩减到最简形式 *之前* 执行。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:763 +msgid "" +"In the latest versions of the specification, this operation is also known as" +" ``reduce``." +msgstr "在此规范的最新版本中，该操作也被称为 ``reduce``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Return a string describing the *class* of the operand. The returned value " +"is one of the following ten strings." +msgstr "返回一个字符串描述运算数的 *class* 。返回值是以下十个字符串中的一个。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:771 +msgid "``\"-Infinity\"``, indicating that the operand is negative infinity." +msgstr "``\"-Infinity\"`` ，指示运算数为负无穷大。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:772 +msgid "``\"-Normal\"``, indicating that the operand is a negative normal number." +msgstr "``\"-Normal\"`` ，指示该运算数是负正常数字。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:773 +msgid "``\"-Subnormal\"``, indicating that the operand is negative and subnormal." +msgstr "``\"-Subnormal\"`` ，指示该运算数是负的次标准数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:774 +msgid "``\"-Zero\"``, indicating that the operand is a negative zero." +msgstr "``\"-Zero\"`` ，指示该运算数是负零。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:775 +msgid "``\"+Zero\"``, indicating that the operand is a positive zero." +msgstr "``\"-Zero\"`` ，指示该运算数是正零。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:776 +msgid "``\"+Subnormal\"``, indicating that the operand is positive and subnormal." +msgstr "``\"+Subnormal\"`` ，指示该运算数是正的次标准数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:777 +msgid "``\"+Normal\"``, indicating that the operand is a positive normal number." +msgstr "``\"+Normal\"`` ，指示该运算数是正的标准数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:778 +msgid "``\"+Infinity\"``, indicating that the operand is positive infinity." +msgstr "``\"+Infinity\"`` ，指示该运算数是正无穷。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:779 +msgid "``\"NaN\"``, indicating that the operand is a quiet NaN (Not a Number)." +msgstr "``\"NaN\"`` ，指示该运算数是肃静 NaN （非数字）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:780 +msgid "``\"sNaN\"``, indicating that the operand is a signaling NaN." +msgstr "``\"sNaN\"`` ，指示该运算数是信号 NaN 。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Return a value equal to the first operand after rounding and having the " +"exponent of the second operand." +msgstr "返回的值等于舍入后的第一个运算数并且具有第二个操作数的指数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:790 +msgid "" +"Unlike other operations, if the length of the coefficient after the quantize" +" operation would be greater than precision, then an " +":const:`InvalidOperation` is signaled. This guarantees that, unless there is" +" an error condition, the quantized exponent is always equal to that of the " +"right-hand operand." +msgstr "" +"与其他运算不同，如果量化运算后的系数长度大于精度，那么会发出一个 :const:`InvalidOperation` " +"信号。这保证了除非有一个错误情况，量化指数恒等于右手运算数的指数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:796 +msgid "" +"Also unlike other operations, quantize never signals Underflow, even if the " +"result is subnormal and inexact." +msgstr "与其他运算不同，量化永不信号下溢，即使结果不正常且不精确。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:799 +msgid "" +"If the exponent of the second operand is larger than that of the first then " +"rounding may be necessary. In this case, the rounding mode is determined by" +" the ``rounding`` argument if given, else by the given ``context`` argument;" +" if neither argument is given the rounding mode of the current thread's " +"context is used." +msgstr "" +"如果第二个运算数的指数大于第一个运算数的指数那或许需要舍入。在这种情况下，舍入模式由给定 ``rounding`` 参数决定，其余的由给定 " +"``context`` 参数决定；如果参数都未给定，使用当前线程上下文的舍入模式。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:805 +msgid "" +"An error is returned whenever the resulting exponent is greater than " +":attr:`~Context.Emax` or less than :meth:`~Context.Etiny`." +msgstr "每当结果的指数大于 :attr:`~Context.Emax` 或小于 :meth:`~Context.Etiny` 就将返回一个错误。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:810 +msgid "" +"Return ``Decimal(10)``, the radix (base) in which the :class:`Decimal` class" +" does all its arithmetic. Included for compatibility with the " +"specification." +msgstr "" +"返回 ``Decimal(10)``，即 :class:`Decimal` 类进行所有算术运算所用的数制（基数）。 " +"这是为保持与规范描述的兼容性而加入的。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:816 +msgid "" +"Return the remainder from dividing *self* by *other*. This differs from " +"``self % other`` in that the sign of the remainder is chosen so as to " +"minimize its absolute value. More precisely, the return value is ``self - n" +" * other`` where ``n`` is the integer nearest to the exact value of ``self /" +" other``, and if two integers are equally near then the even one is chosen." +msgstr "" +"返回 *self* 除以 *other* 的余数。 这与 ``self % other`` 的区别在于所选择的余数要使其绝对值最小化。 " +"更准确地说，返回值为 ``self - n * other`` 其中 ``n`` 是最接近 ``self / other`` " +"的实际值的整数，并且如果两个整数与实际值的差相等则会选择其中的偶数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:823 +msgid "If the result is zero then its sign will be the sign of *self*." +msgstr "如果结果为零则其符号将为 *self* 的符号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:834 +msgid "" +"Return the result of rotating the digits of the first operand by an amount " +"specified by the second operand. The second operand must be an integer in " +"the range -precision through precision. The absolute value of the second " +"operand gives the number of places to rotate. If the second operand is " +"positive then rotation is to the left; otherwise rotation is to the right. " +"The coefficient of the first operand is padded on the left with zeros to " +"length precision if necessary. The sign and exponent of the first operand " +"are unchanged." +msgstr "" +"返回对第一个操作数的数码按第二个操作数所指定的数量进行轮转的结果。 第二个操作数必须为 -precision 至 precision 精度范围内的整数。" +" 第二个操作数的绝对值给出要轮转的位数。 如果第二个操作数为正值则向左轮转；否则向右轮转。 如有必要第一个操作数的系数会在左侧填充零以达到 " +"precision 所指定的长度。 第一个操作数的符号和指数保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:845 +msgid "" +"Test whether self and other have the same exponent or whether both are " +"``NaN``." +msgstr "检测自身与 other 是否具有相同的指数或是否均为 ``NaN``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:854 +msgid "" +"Return the first operand with exponent adjusted by the second. Equivalently," +" return the first operand multiplied by ``10**other``. The second operand " +"must be an integer." +msgstr "" +"返回第一个操作数使用第二个操作数对指数进行调整的结果。 等价于返回第一个操作数乘以 ``10**other`` 的结果。 第二个操作数必须为整数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:860 +msgid "" +"Return the result of shifting the digits of the first operand by an amount " +"specified by the second operand. The second operand must be an integer in " +"the range -precision through precision. The absolute value of the second " +"operand gives the number of places to shift. If the second operand is " +"positive then the shift is to the left; otherwise the shift is to the right." +" Digits shifted into the coefficient are zeros. The sign and exponent of " +"the first operand are unchanged." +msgstr "" +"返回第一个操作数的数码按第二个操作数所指定的数量进行移位的结果。 第二个操作数必须为 -precision 至 precision 范围内的整数。 " +"第二个操作数的绝对值给出要移动的位数。 如果第二个操作数为正值则向左移位；否则向右移位。 移入系数的数码为零。 第一个操作数的符号和指数保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:870 +msgid "Return the square root of the argument to full precision." +msgstr "返回参数的平方根精确到完整精度。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:875 ../../library/decimal.rst:1512 +msgid "" +"Convert to a string, using engineering notation if an exponent is needed." +msgstr "转换为字符串，如果需要指数则会使用工程标注法。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:877 ../../library/decimal.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"Engineering notation has an exponent which is a multiple of 3. This can " +"leave up to 3 digits to the left of the decimal place and may require the " +"addition of either one or two trailing zeros." +msgstr "工程标注法的指数是 3 的倍数。 这会在十进制位的左边保留至多 3 个数码，并可能要求添加一至两个末尾零。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:881 +msgid "" +"For example, this converts ``Decimal('123E+1')`` to ``Decimal('1.23E+3')``." +msgstr "例如，此方法会将 ``Decimal('123E+1')`` 转换为 ``Decimal('1.23E+3')``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:885 +msgid "" +"Identical to the :meth:`to_integral_value` method. The ``to_integral`` name" +" has been kept for compatibility with older versions." +msgstr "与 :meth:`to_integral_value` 方法相同。 保留 ``to_integral`` 名称是为了与旧版本兼容。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:890 +msgid "" +"Round to the nearest integer, signaling :const:`Inexact` or :const:`Rounded`" +" as appropriate if rounding occurs. The rounding mode is determined by the " +"``rounding`` parameter if given, else by the given ``context``. If neither " +"parameter is given then the rounding mode of the current context is used." +msgstr "" +"舍入到最接近的整数，发出信号 :const:`Inexact` 或者如果发生舍入则相应地发出信号 :const:`Rounded`。 如果给出 " +"``rounding`` 形参则由其确定舍入模式，否则由给定的 ``context`` 来确定。 如果没有给定任何形参则会使用当前上下文的舍入模式。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:898 +msgid "" +"Round to the nearest integer without signaling :const:`Inexact` or " +":const:`Rounded`. If given, applies *rounding*; otherwise, uses the " +"rounding method in either the supplied *context* or the current context." +msgstr "" +"舍入到最接近的整数而不发出 :const:`Inexact` 或 :const:`Rounded` 信号。 如果给出 *rounding* " +"则会应用其所指定的舍入模式；否则使用所提供的 *context* 或当前上下文的舍入方法。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:902 +msgid "Decimal numbers can be rounded using the :func:`.round` function:" +msgstr "可以使用 :func:`.round` 函数对 Decimal 数字执行舍入：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:907 +msgid "" +"If *ndigits* is not given or ``None``, returns the nearest :class:`int` to " +"*number*, rounding ties to even, and ignoring the rounding mode of the " +":class:`Decimal` context. Raises :exc:`OverflowError` if *number* is an " +"infinity or :exc:`ValueError` if it is a (quiet or signaling) NaN." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ndigits* 未给出或为 ``None``，则返回最接近 *number* 的 :class:`int`，同样接近时向偶数舍入，并忽略 " +":class:`Decimal` 上下文的舍入模式。 如果 *number* 为无穷大则引发 :exc:`OverflowError` " +"或者如果为（静默或有信号）NaN 则引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:913 +msgid "" +"If *ndigits* is an :class:`int`, the context's rounding mode is respected " +"and a :class:`Decimal` representing *number* rounded to the nearest multiple" +" of ``Decimal('1E-ndigits')`` is returned; in this case, ``round(number, " +"ndigits)`` is equivalent to ``self.quantize(Decimal('1E-ndigits'))``. " +"Returns ``Decimal('NaN')`` if *number* is a quiet NaN. Raises " +":class:`InvalidOperation` if *number* is an infinity, a signaling NaN, or if" +" the length of the coefficient after the quantize operation would be greater" +" than the current context's precision. In other words, for the non-corner " +"cases:" +msgstr "" +"如果 *ndigits* 是一个 :class:`int`，则将遵循上下文的舍入模式并返回代表 *number* 的舍入到最接近 " +"``Decimal('1E-ndigits')`` 的倍数的 :class:`Decimal`；在此情况下，``round(number, " +"ndigits)`` 等价于 ``self.quantize(Decimal('1E-ndigits'))``。 如果 *number* 是一个静默 " +"NaN 则返回 ``Decimal('NaN')``。 如果 *number* 为无穷大、有信号 " +"NaN，或者如果量化操作后的系数长度大于当前上下文的精度则会引发 :class:`InvalidOperation`。 换句话说，对于非边际情况：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:923 +msgid "" +"if *ndigits* is positive, return *number* rounded to *ndigits* decimal " +"places;" +msgstr "如果 *ndigits* 为正值，则返回 *number* 舍入到 *ndigits* 个十进制数位的结果；" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:925 +msgid "if *ndigits* is zero, return *number* rounded to the nearest integer;" +msgstr "如果 *ndigits* 为零，则返回 *number* 舍入到最接近整数的结果；" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:926 +msgid "" +"if *ndigits* is negative, return *number* rounded to the nearest multiple of" +" ``10**abs(ndigits)``." +msgstr "如果 *ndigits* 为负值，则返回 *number* 舍入到最接近 ``10**abs(ndigits)`` 的倍数的结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:929 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:931 +msgid "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal, getcontext, ROUND_DOWN\n" +">>> getcontext().rounding = ROUND_DOWN\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75')) # context rounding ignored\n" +"4\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.5')) # round-ties-to-even\n" +"4\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75'), 0) # uses the context rounding\n" +"Decimal('3')\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75'), 1)\n" +"Decimal('3.7')\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75'), -1)\n" +"Decimal('0E+1')" +msgstr "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal, getcontext, ROUND_DOWN\n" +">>> getcontext().rounding = ROUND_DOWN\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75')) # 上下文舍入设置将被忽略\n" +"4\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.5')) # 两边相等则舍入到偶数\n" +"4\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75'), 0) # 使用上下文舍入设置\n" +"Decimal('3')\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75'), 1)\n" +"Decimal('3.7')\n" +">>> round(Decimal('3.75'), -1)\n" +"Decimal('0E+1')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:948 +msgid "Logical operands" +msgstr "逻辑操作数" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:950 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Decimal.logical_and`, :meth:`~Decimal.logical_invert`, " +":meth:`~Decimal.logical_or`, and :meth:`~Decimal.logical_xor` methods expect" +" their arguments to be *logical operands*. A *logical operand* is a " +":class:`Decimal` instance whose exponent and sign are both zero, and whose " +"digits are all either ``0`` or ``1``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~Decimal.logical_and`, :meth:`~Decimal.logical_invert`, " +":meth:`~Decimal.logical_or` 和 :meth:`~Decimal.logical_xor` 方法均期望其参数为 " +"*逻辑操作数*。 *逻辑操作数* 即指数位和符号位均为零，且其数字位均为 ``0`` 或 ``1`` 的 :class:`Decimal` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:962 +msgid "Context objects" +msgstr "上下文对象" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Contexts are environments for arithmetic operations. They govern precision," +" set rules for rounding, determine which signals are treated as exceptions, " +"and limit the range for exponents." +msgstr "上下文是算术运算所在的环境。 它们管理精度、设置舍入规则、确定将哪些信号视为异常，并限制指数的范围。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:968 +msgid "" +"Each thread has its own current context which is accessed or changed using " +"the :func:`getcontext` and :func:`setcontext` functions:" +msgstr "每个线程都有自己的当前上下文，可使用 :func:`getcontext` 和 :func:`setcontext` 函数来读取或修改：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:974 +msgid "Return the current context for the active thread." +msgstr "返回活动线程的当前上下文。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:979 +msgid "Set the current context for the active thread to *c*." +msgstr "将活动线程的当前上下文设为 *c*。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:981 +msgid "" +"You can also use the :keyword:`with` statement and the :func:`localcontext` " +"function to temporarily change the active context." +msgstr "你也可以使用 :keyword:`with` 语句和 :func:`localcontext` 函数来临时改变活动上下文。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:986 +msgid "" +"Return a context manager that will set the current context for the active " +"thread to a copy of *ctx* on entry to the with-statement and restore the " +"previous context when exiting the with-statement. If no context is " +"specified, a copy of the current context is used. The *kwargs* argument is " +"used to set the attributes of the new context." +msgstr "" +"返回一个将在进入 with 语句时将活动线程的上下文设为 *ctx* 的一个副本并在退出该 with 语句时恢复之前上下文的上下文管理器。 " +"如果未指定上下文，则会使用当前上下文的一个副本。 *kwargs* 参数将被用来设置新上下文的属性。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:992 +msgid "" +"For example, the following code sets the current decimal precision to 42 " +"places, performs a calculation, and then automatically restores the previous" +" context::" +msgstr "例如，以下代码会将当前 decimal 精度设为 42 位，执行一个运算，然后自动恢复之前的上下文::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:995 +msgid "" +"from decimal import localcontext\n" +"\n" +"with localcontext() as ctx:\n" +" ctx.prec = 42 # Perform a high precision calculation\n" +" s = calculate_something()\n" +"s = +s # Round the final result back to the default precision" +msgstr "" +"from decimal import localcontext\n" +"\n" +"with localcontext() as ctx:\n" +" ctx.prec = 42 # 执行高精度的运算\n" +" s = calculate_something()\n" +"s = +s # 将最终结果舍入到默认精度" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1002 +msgid "Using keyword arguments, the code would be the following::" +msgstr "使用关键字参数，代码将如下所示::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"from decimal import localcontext\n" +"\n" +"with localcontext(prec=42) as ctx:\n" +" s = calculate_something()\n" +"s = +s" +msgstr "" +"from decimal import localcontext\n" +"\n" +"with localcontext(prec=42) as ctx:\n" +" s = calculate_something()\n" +"s = +s" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`TypeError` if *kwargs* supplies an attribute that " +":class:`Context` doesn't support. Raises either :exc:`TypeError` or " +":exc:`ValueError` if *kwargs* supplies an invalid value for an attribute." +msgstr "" +"如果 *kwargs* 提供了 :class:`Context` 所不支持的属性则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 如果 *kwargs* " +"提供了无效的属性值则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 或 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1014 +msgid "" +":meth:`localcontext` now supports setting context attributes through the use" +" of keyword arguments." +msgstr ":meth:`localcontext` 现在支持通过使用关键字参数来设置上下文属性。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"New contexts can also be created using the :class:`Context` constructor " +"described below. In addition, the module provides three pre-made contexts:" +msgstr "新的上下文也可使用下述的 :class:`Context` 构造器来创建。 此外，模块还提供了三种预设的上下文:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"This is a standard context defined by the General Decimal Arithmetic " +"Specification. Precision is set to nine. Rounding is set to " +":const:`ROUND_HALF_UP`. All flags are cleared. All traps are enabled " +"(treated as exceptions) except :const:`Inexact`, :const:`Rounded`, and " +":const:`Subnormal`." +msgstr "" +"这是由通用十进制算术规范描述所定义的标准上下文。 精度设为九。 舍入设为 :const:`ROUND_HALF_UP`。 清除所有旗标。 " +"启用所有陷阱（视为异常），但 :const:`Inexact`, :const:`Rounded` 和 :const:`Subnormal` 除外。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"Because many of the traps are enabled, this context is useful for debugging." +msgstr "由于启用了许多陷阱，此上下文适用于进行调试。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"This is a standard context defined by the General Decimal Arithmetic " +"Specification. Precision is set to nine. Rounding is set to " +":const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN`. All flags are cleared. No traps are enabled (so " +"that exceptions are not raised during computations)." +msgstr "" +"这是由通用十进制算术规范描述所定义的标准上下文。 精度设为九。 舍入设为 :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN`。 清除所有旗标。 " +"不启用任何陷阱（因此在计算期间不会引发异常）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"Because the traps are disabled, this context is useful for applications that" +" prefer to have result value of ``NaN`` or ``Infinity`` instead of raising " +"exceptions. This allows an application to complete a run in the presence of" +" conditions that would otherwise halt the program." +msgstr "" +"由于禁用了陷阱，此上下文适用于希望结果值为 ``NaN`` 或 ``Infinity`` 而不是引发异常的应用程序。 " +"这允许应用程序在出现当其他情况下会中止程序的条件时仍能完成运行。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"This context is used by the :class:`Context` constructor as a prototype for " +"new contexts. Changing a field (such a precision) has the effect of " +"changing the default for new contexts created by the :class:`Context` " +"constructor." +msgstr "" +"此上下文被 :class:`Context` 构造器用作新上下文的原型。 改变一个字段（例如精度）的效果将是改变 :class:`Context` " +"构造器所创建的新上下文的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"This context is most useful in multi-threaded environments. Changing one of" +" the fields before threads are started has the effect of setting system-wide" +" defaults. Changing the fields after threads have started is not " +"recommended as it would require thread synchronization to prevent race " +"conditions." +msgstr "" +"此上下文最适用于多线程环境。 在线程开始前改变一个字段具有设置全系统默认值的效果。 不推荐在线程开始后改变字段，因为这会要求线程同步避免竞争条件。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"In single threaded environments, it is preferable to not use this context at" +" all. Instead, simply create contexts explicitly as described below." +msgstr "在单线程环境中，最好完全不使用此上下文。 而是简单地电显式创建上下文，具体如下所述。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"The default values are :attr:`Context.prec`\\ =\\ ``28``, " +":attr:`Context.rounding`\\ =\\ :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN`, and enabled traps " +"for :class:`Overflow`, :class:`InvalidOperation`, and " +":class:`DivisionByZero`." +msgstr "" +"默认值为 :attr:`Context.prec`\\ =\\ ``28``, :attr:`Context.rounding`\\ =\\ " +":const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN`，并为 :class:`Overflow`, :class:`InvalidOperation` 和 " +":class:`DivisionByZero` 启用陷阱。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"In addition to the three supplied contexts, new contexts can be created with" +" the :class:`Context` constructor." +msgstr "在已提供的三种上下文之外，还可以使用 :class:`Context` 构造器创建新的上下文。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"Creates a new context. If a field is not specified or is :const:`None`, the" +" default values are copied from the :const:`DefaultContext`. If the *flags*" +" field is not specified or is :const:`None`, all flags are cleared." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新上下文。 如果某个字段未指定或为 :const:`None`，则从 :const:`DefaultContext` 拷贝默认值。 如果 " +"*flags* 字段未指定或为 :const:`None`，则清空所有旗标。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"*prec* is an integer in the range [``1``, :const:`MAX_PREC`] that sets the " +"precision for arithmetic operations in the context." +msgstr "*prec* 是一个用于设置该上下文中算术运算的精度的 [``1``, :const:`MAX_PREC`] 范围内的整数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"The *rounding* option is one of the constants listed in the section " +"`Rounding Modes`_." +msgstr "*rounding* 选项应为 `Rounding Modes`_ 小节中列出的常量之一。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"The *traps* and *flags* fields list any signals to be set. Generally, new " +"contexts should only set traps and leave the flags clear." +msgstr "*traps* 和 *flags* 字段列出要设置的任何信号。 通常，新上下文应当只设置 traps 而让 flags 为空。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"The *Emin* and *Emax* fields are integers specifying the outer limits " +"allowable for exponents. *Emin* must be in the range [:const:`MIN_EMIN`, " +"``0``], *Emax* in the range [``0``, :const:`MAX_EMAX`]." +msgstr "" +"*Emin* 和 *Emax* 字段是指定指数所允许的外部上限的整数。 *Emin* 必须在 [:const:`MIN_EMIN`, ``0``] " +"范围内，*Emax* 必须在 [``0``, :const:`MAX_EMAX`] 范围内。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"The *capitals* field is either ``0`` or ``1`` (the default). If set to " +"``1``, exponents are printed with a capital ``E``; otherwise, a lowercase " +"``e`` is used: ``Decimal('6.02e+23')``." +msgstr "" +"*capitals* 字段为 ``0`` 或 ``1`` (默认值)。 如果设为 ``1``，指数将附带大写的 ``E`` " +"打印出来；在其他情况下将使用小写的 ``e``: ``Decimal('6.02e+23')``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1091 +msgid "" +"The *clamp* field is either ``0`` (the default) or ``1``. If set to ``1``, " +"the exponent ``e`` of a :class:`Decimal` instance representable in this " +"context is strictly limited to the range ``Emin - prec + 1 <= e <= Emax - " +"prec + 1``. If *clamp* is ``0`` then a weaker condition holds: the adjusted" +" exponent of the :class:`Decimal` instance is at most :attr:`~Context.Emax`." +" When *clamp* is ``1``, a large normal number will, where possible, have " +"its exponent reduced and a corresponding number of zeros added to its " +"coefficient, in order to fit the exponent constraints; this preserves the " +"value of the number but loses information about significant trailing zeros." +" For example::" +msgstr "" +"*clamp* 字段为 ``0`` (默认值) 或 ``1``。 如果设为 ``1``，则 :class:`Decimal` 实例的指数 ``e`` " +"的表示范围在此上下文中将严格限制在 ``Emin - prec + 1 <= e <= Emax - prec + 1`` 范围内。 如果 " +"*clamp* 为 ``0`` 则将适用较弱的条件：调整后的 :class:`Decimal` 实例指数最大值为 " +":attr:`~Context.Emax`。 当 *clamp* 为 ``1`` " +"时，一个较大的普通数值将在可能的情况下减小其指数并为其系数添加相应数量的零，以便符合指数值限制；这可以保留数字值但会丢失有效末尾零的信息。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1103 +msgid "" +">>> Context(prec=6, Emax=999, clamp=1).create_decimal('1.23e999')\n" +"Decimal('1.23000E+999')" +msgstr "" +">>> Context(prec=6, Emax=999, clamp=1).create_decimal('1.23e999')\n" +"Decimal('1.23000E+999')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1106 +msgid "" +"A *clamp* value of ``1`` allows compatibility with the fixed-width decimal " +"interchange formats specified in IEEE 754." +msgstr "将 *clamp* 值设为 ``1`` 即允许与 IEEE 754 所描述的固定宽度十进制交换格式保持兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Context` class defines several general purpose methods as well " +"as a large number of methods for doing arithmetic directly in a given " +"context. In addition, for each of the :class:`Decimal` methods described " +"above (with the exception of the :meth:`~Decimal.adjusted` and " +":meth:`~Decimal.as_tuple` methods) there is a corresponding :class:`Context`" +" method. For example, for a :class:`Context` instance ``C`` and " +":class:`Decimal` instance ``x``, ``C.exp(x)`` is equivalent to " +"``x.exp(context=C)``. Each :class:`Context` method accepts a Python integer" +" (an instance of :class:`int`) anywhere that a Decimal instance is accepted." +msgstr "" +":class:`Context` 类定义了几种通用方法以及大量直接在给定上下文中进行算术运算的方法。 此外，对于上述的每种 " +":class:`Decimal` 方法（除了 :meth:`~Decimal.adjusted` 和 :meth:`~Decimal.as_tuple`" +" 方法）都有一个对应的 :class:`Context` 方法。 例如，对于一个 :class:`Context` 的实例 ``C`` 和 " +":class:`Decimal` 的实例 ``x``，``C.exp(x)`` 就等价于 ``x.exp(context=C)``。 每个 " +":class:`Context` 方法都接受一个 Python 整数（即 :class:`int` 的实例）在任何接受 Decimal 实例的地方使用。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1122 +msgid "Resets all of the flags to ``0``." +msgstr "将所有旗标重置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1126 +msgid "Resets all of the traps to ``0``." +msgstr "将所有陷阱重置为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1132 +msgid "Return a duplicate of the context." +msgstr "返回上下文的一个副本。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1136 +msgid "Return a copy of the Decimal instance num." +msgstr "返回 Decimal 实例 num 的一个副本。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1140 +msgid "" +"Creates a new Decimal instance from *num* but using *self* as context. " +"Unlike the :class:`Decimal` constructor, the context precision, rounding " +"method, flags, and traps are applied to the conversion." +msgstr "" +"基于 *num* 创建一个新 Decimal 实例但使用 *self* 作为上下文。 与 :class:`Decimal` " +"构造器不同，该上下文的精度、舍入方法、旗标和陷阱会被应用于转换过程。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"This is useful because constants are often given to a greater precision than" +" is needed by the application. Another benefit is that rounding immediately" +" eliminates unintended effects from digits beyond the current precision. In " +"the following example, using unrounded inputs means that adding zero to a " +"sum can change the result:" +msgstr "" +"此方法很有用处，因为常量往往被给予高于应用所需的精度。 另一个好处在于立即执行舍入可以消除超出当前精度的数位所导致的意外效果。 " +"在下面的示例中，使用未舍入的输入意味着在总和中添加零会改变结果：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1150 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 3\n" +">>> Decimal('3.4445') + Decimal('1.0023')\n" +"Decimal('4.45')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.4445') + Decimal(0) + Decimal('1.0023')\n" +"Decimal('4.44')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 3\n" +">>> Decimal('3.4445') + Decimal('1.0023')\n" +"Decimal('4.45')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.4445') + Decimal(0) + Decimal('1.0023')\n" +"Decimal('4.44')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"This method implements the to-number operation of the IBM specification. If " +"the argument is a string, no leading or trailing whitespace or underscores " +"are permitted." +msgstr "此方法实现了 IBM 规格描述中的转换为数字操作。 如果参数为字符串，则不允许有开头或末尾的空格或下划线。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1164 +msgid "" +"Creates a new Decimal instance from a float *f* but rounding using *self* as" +" the context. Unlike the :meth:`Decimal.from_float` class method, the " +"context precision, rounding method, flags, and traps are applied to the " +"conversion." +msgstr "" +"基于浮点数 *f* 创建一个新的 Decimal 实例，但会使用 *self* 作为上下文来执行舍入。 与 " +":meth:`Decimal.from_float` 类方法不同，上下文的精度、舍入方法、旗标和陷阱会应用到转换中。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1169 +msgid "" +">>> context = Context(prec=5, rounding=ROUND_DOWN)\n" +">>> context.create_decimal_from_float(math.pi)\n" +"Decimal('3.1415')\n" +">>> context = Context(prec=5, traps=[Inexact])\n" +">>> context.create_decimal_from_float(math.pi)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"decimal.Inexact: None" +msgstr "" +">>> context = Context(prec=5, rounding=ROUND_DOWN)\n" +">>> context.create_decimal_from_float(math.pi)\n" +"Decimal('3.1415')\n" +">>> context = Context(prec=5, traps=[Inexact])\n" +">>> context.create_decimal_from_float(math.pi)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"decimal.Inexact: None" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"Returns a value equal to ``Emin - prec + 1`` which is the minimum exponent " +"value for subnormal results. When underflow occurs, the exponent is set to " +":const:`Etiny`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个等于 ``Emin - prec + 1`` 的值即次标准化结果中的最小指数值。 当发生向下溢出时，指数会设为 :const:`Etiny`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1190 +msgid "Returns a value equal to ``Emax - prec + 1``." +msgstr "返回一个等于 ``Emax - prec + 1`` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1192 +msgid "" +"The usual approach to working with decimals is to create :class:`Decimal` " +"instances and then apply arithmetic operations which take place within the " +"current context for the active thread. An alternative approach is to use " +"context methods for calculating within a specific context. The methods are " +"similar to those for the :class:`Decimal` class and are only briefly " +"recounted here." +msgstr "" +"使用 decimal 的通常方式是创建 :class:`Decimal` 实例然后对其应用算术运算,这些运算发生在活动线程的当前上下文中。 " +"一种替代方式则是使用上下文的方法在特定上下文中进行计算。 这些方法类似于 :class:`Decimal` 类的方法，在此仅简单地重新列出。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1202 +msgid "Returns the absolute value of *x*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 的绝对值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1207 +msgid "Return the sum of *x* and *y*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 与 *y* 的和。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1212 +msgid "Returns the same Decimal object *x*." +msgstr "返回相同的 Decimal 对象 *x*。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1217 +msgid "Compares *x* and *y* numerically." +msgstr "对 *x* 与 *y* 进行数值比较。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1222 +msgid "Compares the values of the two operands numerically." +msgstr "对两个操作数进行数值比较。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1227 +msgid "Compares two operands using their abstract representation." +msgstr "对两个操作数使用其抽象表示进行比较。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"Compares two operands using their abstract representation, ignoring sign." +msgstr "对两个操作数使用其抽象表示进行比较，忽略符号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1237 +msgid "Returns a copy of *x* with the sign set to 0." +msgstr "返回 *x* 的副本，符号设为 0。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1242 +msgid "Returns a copy of *x* with the sign inverted." +msgstr "返回 *x* 的副本，符号取反。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1247 +msgid "Copies the sign from *y* to *x*." +msgstr "从 *y* 拷贝符号至 *x*。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1252 +msgid "Return *x* divided by *y*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 除以 *y* 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1257 +msgid "Return *x* divided by *y*, truncated to an integer." +msgstr "返回 *x* 除以 *y* 的结果，截短为整数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1262 +msgid "Divides two numbers and returns the integer part of the result." +msgstr "两个数字相除并返回结果的整数部分。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1267 +msgid "Returns ``e ** x``." +msgstr "返回 ``e ** x``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1272 +msgid "Returns *x* multiplied by *y*, plus *z*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 乘以 *y* 再加 *z* 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1277 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if *x* is canonical; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是规范的则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1282 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if *x* is finite; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 为有限的则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1287 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if *x* is infinite; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是无限的则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if *x* is a qNaN or sNaN; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是 qNaN 或 sNaN 则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1297 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if *x* is a normal number; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是标准数则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1302 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if *x* is a quiet NaN; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是静默 NaN 则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1307 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if *x* is negative; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "*x* 是负数则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if *x* is a signaling NaN; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是显式 NaN 则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1317 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if *x* is subnormal; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是次标准数则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1322 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if *x* is a zero; otherwise returns ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *x* 为零则返回 ``True``；否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1327 +msgid "Returns the natural (base e) logarithm of *x*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 的自然对数（以 e 为底）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1332 +msgid "Returns the base 10 logarithm of *x*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 的以 10 为底的对数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1337 +msgid "Returns the exponent of the magnitude of the operand's MSD." +msgstr "返回操作数的 MSD 等级的指数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1342 +msgid "Applies the logical operation *and* between each operand's digits." +msgstr "在操作数的每个数位间应用逻辑运算 *and*。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1347 +msgid "Invert all the digits in *x*." +msgstr "反转 *x* 中的所有数位。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1352 +msgid "Applies the logical operation *or* between each operand's digits." +msgstr "在操作数的每个数位间应用逻辑运算 *or*。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1357 +msgid "Applies the logical operation *xor* between each operand's digits." +msgstr "在操作数的每个数位间应用逻辑运算 *xor*。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1362 +msgid "Compares two values numerically and returns the maximum." +msgstr "对两个值执行数字比较并返回其中的最大值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1367 ../../library/decimal.rst:1377 +msgid "Compares the values numerically with their sign ignored." +msgstr "对两个值执行忽略正负号的数字比较。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1372 +msgid "Compares two values numerically and returns the minimum." +msgstr "对两个值执行数字比较并返回其中的最小值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1382 +msgid "Minus corresponds to the unary prefix minus operator in Python." +msgstr "对应于 Python 中的单目前缀取负运算符执行取负操作。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1387 +msgid "Return the product of *x* and *y*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 和 *y* 的积。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1392 +msgid "Returns the largest representable number smaller than *x*." +msgstr "返回小于 *x* 的最大数字表示形式。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1397 +msgid "Returns the smallest representable number larger than *x*." +msgstr "返回大于 *x* 的最小数字表示形式。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1402 +msgid "Returns the number closest to *x*, in direction towards *y*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 趋向于 *y* 的最接近的数字。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1407 +msgid "Reduces *x* to its simplest form." +msgstr "将 *x* 改写为最简形式。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1412 +msgid "Returns an indication of the class of *x*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 的类的表示。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"Plus corresponds to the unary prefix plus operator in Python. This " +"operation applies the context precision and rounding, so it is *not* an " +"identity operation." +msgstr "对应于 Python 中的单目前缀取正运算符执行取正操作。 此操作将应用上下文精度和舍入，因此它 *不是* 标识运算。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1424 +msgid "" +"Return ``x`` to the power of ``y``, reduced modulo ``modulo`` if given." +msgstr "返回 ``x`` 的 ``y`` 次方，如果给出了模数 ``modulo`` 则取其余数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"With two arguments, compute ``x**y``. If ``x`` is negative then ``y`` must " +"be integral. The result will be inexact unless ``y`` is integral and the " +"result is finite and can be expressed exactly in 'precision' digits. The " +"rounding mode of the context is used. Results are always correctly rounded " +"in the Python version." +msgstr "" +"传入两个参数时，计算 ``x**y``。 如果 ``x`` 为负值则 ``y`` 必须为整数。 除非 ``y`` 为整数且结果为有限值并可在 " +"'precision' 位内精确表示否则结果将是不精确的。 所在上下文的舍入模式将被使用。 结果在 Python 版中总是会被正确地舍入。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1432 +msgid "" +"``Decimal(0) ** Decimal(0)`` results in ``InvalidOperation``, and if " +"``InvalidOperation`` is not trapped, then results in ``Decimal('NaN')``." +msgstr "" +"``Decimal(0) ** Decimal(0)`` 结果为 ``InvalidOperation``，而如果 " +"``InvalidOperation`` 未被捕获，则结果为 ``Decimal('NaN')``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"The C module computes :meth:`power` in terms of the correctly rounded " +":meth:`exp` and :meth:`ln` functions. The result is well-defined but only " +"\"almost always correctly rounded\"." +msgstr "" +"C 模块计算 :meth:`power` 时会使用已正确舍入的 :meth:`exp` 和 :meth:`ln` 函数。 " +"结果是有良好定义的但仅限于“几乎总是正确舍入”。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1440 +msgid "" +"With three arguments, compute ``(x**y) % modulo``. For the three argument " +"form, the following restrictions on the arguments hold:" +msgstr "带有三个参数时，计算 ``(x**y) % modulo``。 对于三个参数的形式，参数将会应用以下限制：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1443 +msgid "all three arguments must be integral" +msgstr "三个参数必须都是整数" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1444 +msgid "``y`` must be nonnegative" +msgstr "``y`` 必须是非负数" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1445 +msgid "at least one of ``x`` or ``y`` must be nonzero" +msgstr "``x`` 或 ``y`` 至少有一个不为零" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1446 +msgid "``modulo`` must be nonzero and have at most 'precision' digits" +msgstr "``modulo`` 必须不为零且至多有 'precision' 位" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"The value resulting from ``Context.power(x, y, modulo)`` is equal to the " +"value that would be obtained by computing ``(x**y) % modulo`` with unbounded" +" precision, but is computed more efficiently. The exponent of the result is" +" zero, regardless of the exponents of ``x``, ``y`` and ``modulo``. The " +"result is always exact." +msgstr "" +"来自 ``Context.power(x, y, modulo)`` 的结果值等于使用无限精度计算 ``(x**y) % modulo`` " +"所得到的值，但其计算过程更高效。 结果的指数为零，无论 ``x``, ``y`` 和 ``modulo`` 的指数是多少。 结果值总是完全精确的。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1458 +msgid "Returns a value equal to *x* (rounded), having the exponent of *y*." +msgstr "返回的值等于 *x* (舍入后)，并且指数为 *y*。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1463 +msgid "Just returns 10, as this is Decimal, :)" +msgstr "恰好返回 10，因为这是 Decimal 对象 :)" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1468 +msgid "Returns the remainder from integer division." +msgstr "返回整除所得到的余数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1470 +msgid "" +"The sign of the result, if non-zero, is the same as that of the original " +"dividend." +msgstr "结果的符号，如果不为零，则与原始除数的符号相同。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1476 +msgid "" +"Returns ``x - y * n``, where *n* is the integer nearest the exact value of " +"``x / y`` (if the result is 0 then its sign will be the sign of *x*)." +msgstr "" +"返回 ``x - y * n``，其中 *n* 为最接近 ``x / y`` 实际值的整数（如结果为 0 则其符号将与 *x* 的符号相同）。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1482 +msgid "Returns a rotated copy of *x*, *y* times." +msgstr "返回 *x* 翻转 *y* 次的副本。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1487 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if the two operands have the same exponent." +msgstr "如果两个操作数具有相同的指数则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1492 +msgid "Returns the first operand after adding the second value its exp." +msgstr "返回第一个操作数添加第二个值的指数后的结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1497 +msgid "Returns a shifted copy of *x*, *y* times." +msgstr "返回 *x* 变换 *y* 次的副本。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1502 +msgid "Square root of a non-negative number to context precision." +msgstr "非负数基于上下文精度的平方根。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1507 +msgid "Return the difference between *x* and *y*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 和 *y* 的差。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1521 +msgid "Rounds to an integer." +msgstr "舍入到一个整数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1526 +msgid "Converts a number to a string using scientific notation." +msgstr "使用科学计数法将一个数字转换为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1533 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1535 +msgid "" +"The constants in this section are only relevant for the C module. They are " +"also included in the pure Python version for compatibility." +msgstr "本节中的常量仅与 C 模块相关。 它们也被包含在纯 Python 版本以保持兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1539 +msgid "32-bit" +msgstr "32位" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1539 +msgid "64-bit" +msgstr "64位" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1541 ../../library/decimal.rst:1543 +msgid "``425000000``" +msgstr "``425000000``" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1541 ../../library/decimal.rst:1543 +msgid "``999999999999999999``" +msgstr "``999999999999999999``" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1545 +msgid "``-425000000``" +msgstr "``-425000000``" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1545 +msgid "``-999999999999999999``" +msgstr "``-999999999999999999``" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1547 +msgid "``-849999999``" +msgstr "``-849999999``" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1547 +msgid "``-1999999999999999997``" +msgstr "``-1999999999999999997``" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"The value is ``True``. Deprecated, because Python now always has threads." +msgstr "该值为 ``True``。 已弃用，因为 Python 现在总是启用线程。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1559 +msgid "" +"The default value is ``True``. If Python is :option:`configured using the " +"--without-decimal-contextvar option <--without-decimal-contextvar>`, the C " +"version uses a thread-local rather than a coroutine-local context and the " +"value is ``False``. This is slightly faster in some nested context " +"scenarios." +msgstr "" +"默认值为 ``True``。 如果 Python 编译版本 :option:`使用了 --without-decimal-contextvar " +"选项来配置 <--without-decimal-contextvar>`，则 C 版本会使用线程局部而非协程局部上下文并且该值为 ``False``。" +" 这在某些嵌套上下文场景中将会稍快一些。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1568 +msgid "Rounding modes" +msgstr "舍入模式" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1572 +msgid "Round towards ``Infinity``." +msgstr "舍入方向为 ``Infinity``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1576 +msgid "Round towards zero." +msgstr "舍入方向为零。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1580 +msgid "Round towards ``-Infinity``." +msgstr "舍入方向为 ``-Infinity``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1584 +msgid "Round to nearest with ties going towards zero." +msgstr "舍入到最接近的数，同样接近则舍入方向为零。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1588 +msgid "Round to nearest with ties going to nearest even integer." +msgstr "舍入到最接近的数，同样接近则舍入到最接近的偶数。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1592 +msgid "Round to nearest with ties going away from zero." +msgstr "舍入到最接近的数，同样接近则舍入到零的反方向。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1596 +msgid "Round away from zero." +msgstr "舍入到零的反方向。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1600 +msgid "" +"Round away from zero if last digit after rounding towards zero would have " +"been 0 or 5; otherwise round towards zero." +msgstr "如果最后一位朝零的方向舍入后为 0 或 5 则舍入到零的反方向；否则舍入方向为零。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1607 +msgid "Signals" +msgstr "信号" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1609 +msgid "" +"Signals represent conditions that arise during computation. Each corresponds" +" to one context flag and one context trap enabler." +msgstr "信号代表在计算期间引发的条件。 每个信号对应于一个上下文旗标和一个上下文陷阱启用器。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1612 +msgid "" +"The context flag is set whenever the condition is encountered. After the " +"computation, flags may be checked for informational purposes (for instance, " +"to determine whether a computation was exact). After checking the flags, be " +"sure to clear all flags before starting the next computation." +msgstr "" +"上下文旗标将在遇到特定条件时被设定。 在完成计算之后，将为了获得信息而检测旗标（例如确定计算是否精确）。 " +"在检测旗标后，请确保在开始下一次计算之前清除所有旗标。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1617 +msgid "" +"If the context's trap enabler is set for the signal, then the condition " +"causes a Python exception to be raised. For example, if the " +":class:`DivisionByZero` trap is set, then a :exc:`DivisionByZero` exception " +"is raised upon encountering the condition." +msgstr "" +"如果为信号设定了上下文的陷阱启用器，则条件会导致特定的 Python 异常被引发。 举例来说，如果设定了 :class:`DivisionByZero`" +" 陷阱，则当遇到此条件时就将引发 :exc:`DivisionByZero` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1625 +msgid "Altered an exponent to fit representation constraints." +msgstr "修改一个指数以符合表示限制。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1627 +msgid "" +"Typically, clamping occurs when an exponent falls outside the context's " +":attr:`~Context.Emin` and :attr:`~Context.Emax` limits. If possible, the " +"exponent is reduced to fit by adding zeros to the coefficient." +msgstr "" +"通常，限位将在一个指数值超出上下文的 :attr:`~Context.Emin` 和 :attr:`~Context.Emax` 限制时发生。 " +"在可能的情况下，会通过向系数添加零来将指数缩减至符合限制。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1634 +msgid "Base class for other signals and a subclass of :exc:`ArithmeticError`." +msgstr "其他信号的基类，并且也是 :exc:`ArithmeticError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1639 +msgid "Signals the division of a non-infinite number by zero." +msgstr "非无限数被零除的信号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1641 +msgid "" +"Can occur with division, modulo division, or when raising a number to a " +"negative power. If this signal is not trapped, returns ``Infinity`` or " +"``-Infinity`` with the sign determined by the inputs to the calculation." +msgstr "" +"可在除法、取余除法或对一个数执行负数次幂运算时发生。 如果此信号未被陷阱捕获，则返回 ``Infinity`` 或 ``-Infinity`` " +"并由对计算的输入来确定正负符号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1648 +msgid "Indicates that rounding occurred and the result is not exact." +msgstr "表明发生了舍入且结果是不精确的。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"Signals when non-zero digits were discarded during rounding. The rounded " +"result is returned. The signal flag or trap is used to detect when results " +"are inexact." +msgstr "有非零数位在舍入期间被丢弃的信号。 舍入结果将被返回。 此信号旗标或陷阱被用于检测结果不精确的情况。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1657 +msgid "An invalid operation was performed." +msgstr "执行了一个无效的操作。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1659 +msgid "" +"Indicates that an operation was requested that does not make sense. If not " +"trapped, returns ``NaN``. Possible causes include::" +msgstr "表明请求了一个无意义的运算。 如果未被捕获，则返回 ``NaN``。 可能的原因包括::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1662 +msgid "" +"Infinity - Infinity\n" +"0 * Infinity\n" +"Infinity / Infinity\n" +"x % 0\n" +"Infinity % x\n" +"sqrt(-x) and x > 0\n" +"0 ** 0\n" +"x ** (non-integer)\n" +"x ** Infinity" +msgstr "" +"Infinity - Infinity\n" +"0 * Infinity\n" +"Infinity / Infinity\n" +"x % 0\n" +"Infinity % x\n" +"sqrt(-x) and x > 0\n" +"0 ** 0\n" +"x ** (non-integer)\n" +"x ** Infinity" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1675 +msgid "Numerical overflow." +msgstr "数值的溢出。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1677 +msgid "" +"Indicates the exponent is larger than :attr:`Context.Emax` after rounding " +"has occurred. If not trapped, the result depends on the rounding mode, " +"either pulling inward to the largest representable finite number or rounding" +" outward to ``Infinity``. In either case, :class:`Inexact` and " +":class:`Rounded` are also signaled." +msgstr "" +"表明在发生舍入之后指数值大于 :attr:`Context.Emax`。 " +"如果未被捕获，则结果将取决于舍入模式，或是向下舍入为最大的可表示有限数值，或是向上舍入为 ``Infinity``。 无论是哪种情况，都将发出 " +":class:`Inexact` 和 :class:`Rounded` 信号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1686 +msgid "Rounding occurred though possibly no information was lost." +msgstr "发生了舍入，但或许并没有信息丢失。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1688 +msgid "" +"Signaled whenever rounding discards digits; even if those digits are zero " +"(such as rounding ``5.00`` to ``5.0``). If not trapped, returns the result " +"unchanged. This signal is used to detect loss of significant digits." +msgstr "" +"一旦舍入操作丢弃了数位就会发出此信号；即使被丢弃的数位是零（如将 ``5.00`` 舍入到 ``5.0`` 的情况）。 " +"如果未被捕获，则不加修改地返回结果。 此信号用于检测有效位数的丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1696 +msgid "Exponent was lower than :attr:`~Context.Emin` prior to rounding." +msgstr "在舍入之前指数值低于 :attr:`~Context.Emin`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1698 +msgid "" +"Occurs when an operation result is subnormal (the exponent is too small). If" +" not trapped, returns the result unchanged." +msgstr "当操作结果是次标准数（即指数过小）时就会发出此信号。 如果未被陷阱捕获，则不经修改过返回结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1704 +msgid "Numerical underflow with result rounded to zero." +msgstr "数字向下溢出导致结果舍入到零。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1706 +msgid "" +"Occurs when a subnormal result is pushed to zero by rounding. " +":class:`Inexact` and :class:`Subnormal` are also signaled." +msgstr "" +"当一个次标准数结果通过舍入转为零时就会发出此信号。 同时还将引发 :class:`Inexact` 和 :class:`Subnormal` 信号。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1712 +msgid "Enable stricter semantics for mixing floats and Decimals." +msgstr "为 float 和 Decimal 的混合启用更严格的语义。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1714 +msgid "" +"If the signal is not trapped (default), mixing floats and Decimals is " +"permitted in the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` constructor, " +":meth:`~decimal.Context.create_decimal` and all comparison operators. Both " +"conversion and comparisons are exact. Any occurrence of a mixed operation is" +" silently recorded by setting :exc:`FloatOperation` in the context flags. " +"Explicit conversions with :meth:`~decimal.Decimal.from_float` or " +":meth:`~decimal.Context.create_decimal_from_float` do not set the flag." +msgstr "" +"如果信号未被捕获（默认），则在 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` " +"构造器、:meth:`~decimal.Context.create_decimal` 和所有比较运算中允许 float 和 Decimal 的混合。 " +"转换和比较都是完全精确的。 发生的任何混合运算都将通过在上下文旗标中设置 :exc:`FloatOperation` 来静默地记录。 通过 " +":meth:`~decimal.Decimal.from_float` 或 " +":meth:`~decimal.Context.create_decimal_from_float` 进行显式转换则不会设置旗标。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"Otherwise (the signal is trapped), only equality comparisons and explicit " +"conversions are silent. All other mixed operations raise " +":exc:`FloatOperation`." +msgstr "在其他情况下（即信号被捕获），则只静默执行相等性比较和显式转换。 所有其他混合运算都将引发 :exc:`FloatOperation`。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1726 +msgid "The following table summarizes the hierarchy of signals::" +msgstr "以下表格总结了信号的层级结构::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1728 +msgid "" +"exceptions.ArithmeticError(exceptions.Exception)\n" +" DecimalException\n" +" Clamped\n" +" DivisionByZero(DecimalException, exceptions.ZeroDivisionError)\n" +" Inexact\n" +" Overflow(Inexact, Rounded)\n" +" Underflow(Inexact, Rounded, Subnormal)\n" +" InvalidOperation\n" +" Rounded\n" +" Subnormal\n" +" FloatOperation(DecimalException, exceptions.TypeError)" +msgstr "" +"exceptions.ArithmeticError(exceptions.Exception)\n" +" DecimalException\n" +" Clamped\n" +" DivisionByZero(DecimalException, exceptions.ZeroDivisionError)\n" +" Inexact\n" +" Overflow(Inexact, Rounded)\n" +" Underflow(Inexact, Rounded, Subnormal)\n" +" InvalidOperation\n" +" Rounded\n" +" Subnormal\n" +" FloatOperation(DecimalException, exceptions.TypeError)" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1747 +msgid "Floating-Point Notes" +msgstr "浮点数说明" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1751 +msgid "Mitigating round-off error with increased precision" +msgstr "通过提升精度来解决舍入错误" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1753 +msgid "" +"The use of decimal floating point eliminates decimal representation error " +"(making it possible to represent ``0.1`` exactly); however, some operations " +"can still incur round-off error when non-zero digits exceed the fixed " +"precision." +msgstr "" +"使用 decimal 浮点数可以消除十进制表示错误（即能够精确地表示 ``0.1`` " +"这样的数）；然而，某些运算在非零数位超出了给定的精度时仍然可能导至舍入错误。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1757 +msgid "" +"The effects of round-off error can be amplified by the addition or " +"subtraction of nearly offsetting quantities resulting in loss of " +"significance. Knuth provides two instructive examples where rounded " +"floating-point arithmetic with insufficient precision causes the breakdown " +"of the associative and distributive properties of addition:" +msgstr "" +"舍入错误的影响可能因接近相互抵销的加减运算被放大从而导致丢失有效位。 Knuth " +"提供了两个指导性示例，其中出现了精度不足的浮点算术舍入，导致加法的交换律和分配律被打破：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1763 +msgid "" +"# Examples from Seminumerical Algorithms, Section 4.2.2.\n" +">>> from decimal import Decimal, getcontext\n" +">>> getcontext().prec = 8\n" +"\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(11111113), Decimal(-11111111), Decimal('7.51111111')\n" +">>> (u + v) + w\n" +"Decimal('9.5111111')\n" +">>> u + (v + w)\n" +"Decimal('10')\n" +"\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(20000), Decimal(-6), Decimal('6.0000003')\n" +">>> (u*v) + (u*w)\n" +"Decimal('0.01')\n" +">>> u * (v+w)\n" +"Decimal('0.0060000')" +msgstr "" +"# 来自 Seminumerical Algorithms, Section 4.2.2 的示例。\n" +">>> from decimal import Decimal, getcontext\n" +">>> getcontext().prec = 8\n" +"\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(11111113), Decimal(-11111111), Decimal('7.51111111')\n" +">>> (u + v) + w\n" +"Decimal('9.5111111')\n" +">>> u + (v + w)\n" +"Decimal('10')\n" +"\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(20000), Decimal(-6), Decimal('6.0000003')\n" +">>> (u*v) + (u*w)\n" +"Decimal('0.01')\n" +">>> u * (v+w)\n" +"Decimal('0.0060000')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1781 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`decimal` module makes it possible to restore the identities by " +"expanding the precision sufficiently to avoid loss of significance:" +msgstr ":mod:`decimal` 模块则可以通过充分地扩展精度来避免有效位的丢失：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1784 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 20\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(11111113), Decimal(-11111111), Decimal('7.51111111')\n" +">>> (u + v) + w\n" +"Decimal('9.51111111')\n" +">>> u + (v + w)\n" +"Decimal('9.51111111')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(20000), Decimal(-6), Decimal('6.0000003')\n" +">>> (u*v) + (u*w)\n" +"Decimal('0.0060000')\n" +">>> u * (v+w)\n" +"Decimal('0.0060000')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 20\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(11111113), Decimal(-11111111), Decimal('7.51111111')\n" +">>> (u + v) + w\n" +"Decimal('9.51111111')\n" +">>> u + (v + w)\n" +"Decimal('9.51111111')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> u, v, w = Decimal(20000), Decimal(-6), Decimal('6.0000003')\n" +">>> (u*v) + (u*w)\n" +"Decimal('0.0060000')\n" +">>> u * (v+w)\n" +"Decimal('0.0060000')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1801 +msgid "Special values" +msgstr "特殊的值" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"The number system for the :mod:`decimal` module provides special values " +"including ``NaN``, ``sNaN``, ``-Infinity``, ``Infinity``, and two zeros, " +"``+0`` and ``-0``." +msgstr "" +":mod:`decimal` 模块的数字系统提供了一些特殊的值包括 ``NaN``, ``sNaN``, ``-Infinity``, " +"``Infinity``, 和两种零值，``+0`` 和 ``-0``。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1807 +msgid "" +"Infinities can be constructed directly with: ``Decimal('Infinity')``. Also," +" they can arise from dividing by zero when the :exc:`DivisionByZero` signal " +"is not trapped. Likewise, when the :exc:`Overflow` signal is not trapped, " +"infinity can result from rounding beyond the limits of the largest " +"representable number." +msgstr "" +"无穷大可以使用 ``Decimal('Infinity')`` 来构建。 它们也可以在不捕获 :exc:`DivisionByZero` " +"信号捕获时通过除以零来产生。 类似地，当不捕获 :exc:`Overflow` 信号时，也可以通过舍入到超出最大可表示数字限制的方式产生无穷大的结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1812 +msgid "" +"The infinities are signed (affine) and can be used in arithmetic operations " +"where they get treated as very large, indeterminate numbers. For instance, " +"adding a constant to infinity gives another infinite result." +msgstr "无穷大是有符号的（仿射）并可用于算术运算，它们会被当作极其巨大的不确定数字来处理。 例如，无穷大加一个常量结果也将为无穷大。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1816 +msgid "" +"Some operations are indeterminate and return ``NaN``, or if the " +":exc:`InvalidOperation` signal is trapped, raise an exception. For example," +" ``0/0`` returns ``NaN`` which means \"not a number\". This variety of " +"``NaN`` is quiet and, once created, will flow through other computations " +"always resulting in another ``NaN``. This behavior can be useful for a " +"series of computations that occasionally have missing inputs --- it allows " +"the calculation to proceed while flagging specific results as invalid." +msgstr "" +"某些运算没有确定的结果并将返回 ``NaN``，或者如果捕获了 :exc:`InvalidOperation` 信号，则会引发一个异常。 " +"例如，``0/0`` 将返回 ``NaN`` 表示 \"not a number\"。 这样的 ``NaN`` " +"将静默产生，并且一旦产生就将在参与其他运算时始终得到 ``NaN`` 的结果。 这种行为对于偶尔缺少输入的各类计算都很有用处 --- " +"它允许在将特定结果标记为无效的同时让计算继续进行。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"A variant is ``sNaN`` which signals rather than remaining quiet after every " +"operation. This is a useful return value when an invalid result needs to " +"interrupt a calculation for special handling." +msgstr "" +"一种变体形式是 ``sNaN``，它在每次运算后会发出信号而不是保持静默。 当对于无效结果需要中断计算进行特别处理时这是一个很有用的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1828 +msgid "" +"The behavior of Python's comparison operators can be a little surprising " +"where a ``NaN`` is involved. A test for equality where one of the operands " +"is a quiet or signaling ``NaN`` always returns :const:`False` (even when " +"doing ``Decimal('NaN')==Decimal('NaN')``), while a test for inequality " +"always returns :const:`True`. An attempt to compare two Decimals using any " +"of the ``<``, ``<=``, ``>`` or ``>=`` operators will raise the " +":exc:`InvalidOperation` signal if either operand is a ``NaN``, and return " +":const:`False` if this signal is not trapped. Note that the General Decimal" +" Arithmetic specification does not specify the behavior of direct " +"comparisons; these rules for comparisons involving a ``NaN`` were taken from" +" the IEEE 854 standard (see Table 3 in section 5.7). To ensure strict " +"standards-compliance, use the :meth:`~Decimal.compare` and " +":meth:`~Decimal.compare_signal` methods instead." +msgstr "" +"Python 中比较运算符的行为在涉及 ``NaN`` 时可能会令人有点惊讶。 相等性检测在操作数中有静默型或信号型 ``NaN`` 时总是会返回 " +":const:`False` (即使是执行 ``Decimal('NaN')==Decimal('NaN')``)，而不等性检测总是会返回 " +":const:`True`。 当尝试使用 ``<``, ``<=``, ``>`` 或 ``>=`` 运算符中的任何一个来比较两个 Decimal " +"值时，如果运算数中有 ``NaN`` 则将引发 :exc:`InvalidOperation` 信号，如果此信号未被捕获则将返回 " +":const:`False`。 请注意通用十进制算术规范并未规定直接比较行为；这些涉及 ``NaN`` 的比较规则来自于 IEEE 854 标准 (见第" +" 5.7 节表 3)。 要确保严格符合标准，请改用 :meth:`~Decimal.compare` 和 " +":meth:`~Decimal.compare_signal` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1841 +msgid "" +"The signed zeros can result from calculations that underflow. They keep the " +"sign that would have resulted if the calculation had been carried out to " +"greater precision. Since their magnitude is zero, both positive and " +"negative zeros are treated as equal and their sign is informational." +msgstr "" +"有符号零值可以由向下溢出的运算产生。 它们保留符号是为了让运算结果能以更高的精度传递。 " +"由于它们的大小为零，正零和负零会被视为相等，且它们的符号具有信息。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1846 +msgid "" +"In addition to the two signed zeros which are distinct yet equal, there are " +"various representations of zero with differing precisions yet equivalent in " +"value. This takes a bit of getting used to. For an eye accustomed to " +"normalized floating-point representations, it is not immediately obvious " +"that the following calculation returns a value equal to zero:" +msgstr "" +"在这两个不相同但却相等的有符号零之外，还存在几种零的不同表示形式，它们的精度不同但值也都相等。 这需要一些时间来逐渐适应。 " +"对于习惯了标准浮点表示形式的眼睛来说，以下运算返回等于零的值并不是显而易见的：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1861 +msgid "Working with threads" +msgstr "使用线程" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1863 +msgid "" +"The :func:`getcontext` function accesses a different :class:`Context` object" +" for each thread. Having separate thread contexts means that threads may " +"make changes (such as ``getcontext().prec=10``) without interfering with " +"other threads." +msgstr "" +":func:`getcontext` 函数会为每个线程访问不同的 :class:`Context` 对象。 具有单独线程上下文意味着线程可以修改上下文 " +"(例如 ``getcontext().prec=10``) 而不影响其他线程。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1867 +msgid "" +"Likewise, the :func:`setcontext` function automatically assigns its target " +"to the current thread." +msgstr "类似的 :func:`setcontext` 会为当前上下文的目标自动赋值。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"If :func:`setcontext` has not been called before :func:`getcontext`, then " +":func:`getcontext` will automatically create a new context for use in the " +"current thread." +msgstr "" +"如果在调用 :func:`setcontext` 之前调用了 :func:`getcontext`，则 :func:`getcontext` " +"将自动创建一个新的上下文在当前线程中使用。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1874 +msgid "" +"The new context is copied from a prototype context called *DefaultContext*. " +"To control the defaults so that each thread will use the same values " +"throughout the application, directly modify the *DefaultContext* object. " +"This should be done *before* any threads are started so that there won't be " +"a race condition between threads calling :func:`getcontext`. For example::" +msgstr "" +"新的上下文拷贝自一个名为 *DefaultContext* 的原型上下文。 要控制默认值以便每个线程在应用运行期间都使用相同的值，可以直接修改 " +"*DefaultContext* 对象。 这应当在任何线程启动 *之前* 完成以使得调用 :func:`getcontext` " +"的线程之间不会产生竞争条件。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1880 +msgid "" +"# Set applicationwide defaults for all threads about to be launched\n" +"DefaultContext.prec = 12\n" +"DefaultContext.rounding = ROUND_DOWN\n" +"DefaultContext.traps = ExtendedContext.traps.copy()\n" +"DefaultContext.traps[InvalidOperation] = 1\n" +"setcontext(DefaultContext)\n" +"\n" +"# Afterwards, the threads can be started\n" +"t1.start()\n" +"t2.start()\n" +"t3.start()\n" +" . . ." +msgstr "" +"# 为所有将要启动的线程设置应用程序级默认值\n" +"DefaultContext.prec = 12\n" +"DefaultContext.rounding = ROUND_DOWN\n" +"DefaultContext.traps = ExtendedContext.traps.copy()\n" +"DefaultContext.traps[InvalidOperation] = 1\n" +"setcontext(DefaultContext)\n" +"\n" +"# 在此之后，即可启动线程\n" +"t1.start()\n" +"t2.start()\n" +"t3.start()\n" +" . . ." + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1899 +msgid "Recipes" +msgstr "例程" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1901 +msgid "" +"Here are a few recipes that serve as utility functions and that demonstrate " +"ways to work with the :class:`Decimal` class::" +msgstr "以下是一些用作工具函数的例程，它们演示了使用 :class:`Decimal` 类的各种方式::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:1904 +msgid "" +"def moneyfmt(value, places=2, curr='', sep=',', dp='.',\n" +" pos='', neg='-', trailneg=''):\n" +" \"\"\"Convert Decimal to a money formatted string.\n" +"\n" +" places: required number of places after the decimal point\n" +" curr: optional currency symbol before the sign (may be blank)\n" +" sep: optional grouping separator (comma, period, space, or blank)\n" +" dp: decimal point indicator (comma or period)\n" +" only specify as blank when places is zero\n" +" pos: optional sign for positive numbers: '+', space or blank\n" +" neg: optional sign for negative numbers: '-', '(', space or blank\n" +" trailneg:optional trailing minus indicator: '-', ')', space or blank\n" +"\n" +" >>> d = Decimal('-1234567.8901')\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(d, curr='$')\n" +" '-$1,234,567.89'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(d, places=0, sep='.', dp='', neg='', trailneg='-')\n" +" '1.234.568-'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(d, curr='$', neg='(', trailneg=')')\n" +" '($1,234,567.89)'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(Decimal(123456789), sep=' ')\n" +" '123 456 789.00'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(Decimal('-0.02'), neg='<', trailneg='>')\n" +" '<0.02>'\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" q = Decimal(10) ** -places # 2 places --> '0.01'\n" +" sign, digits, exp = value.quantize(q).as_tuple()\n" +" result = []\n" +" digits = list(map(str, digits))\n" +" build, next = result.append, digits.pop\n" +" if sign:\n" +" build(trailneg)\n" +" for i in range(places):\n" +" build(next() if digits else '0')\n" +" if places:\n" +" build(dp)\n" +" if not digits:\n" +" build('0')\n" +" i = 0\n" +" while digits:\n" +" build(next())\n" +" i += 1\n" +" if i == 3 and digits:\n" +" i = 0\n" +" build(sep)\n" +" build(curr)\n" +" build(neg if sign else pos)\n" +" return ''.join(reversed(result))\n" +"\n" +"def pi():\n" +" \"\"\"Compute Pi to the current precision.\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(pi())\n" +" 3.141592653589793238462643383\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2 # extra digits for intermediate steps\n" +" three = Decimal(3) # substitute \"three=3.0\" for regular floats\n" +" lasts, t, s, n, na, d, da = 0, three, 3, 1, 0, 0, 24\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" n, na = n+na, na+8\n" +" d, da = d+da, da+32\n" +" t = (t * n) / d\n" +" s += t\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s # unary plus applies the new precision\n" +"\n" +"def exp(x):\n" +" \"\"\"Return e raised to the power of x. Result type matches input type.\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(exp(Decimal(1)))\n" +" 2.718281828459045235360287471\n" +" >>> print(exp(Decimal(2)))\n" +" 7.389056098930650227230427461\n" +" >>> print(exp(2.0))\n" +" 7.38905609893\n" +" >>> print(exp(2+0j))\n" +" (7.38905609893+0j)\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2\n" +" i, lasts, s, fact, num = 0, 0, 1, 1, 1\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" i += 1\n" +" fact *= i\n" +" num *= x\n" +" s += num / fact\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s\n" +"\n" +"def cos(x):\n" +" \"\"\"Return the cosine of x as measured in radians.\n" +"\n" +" The Taylor series approximation works best for a small value of x.\n" +" For larger values, first compute x = x % (2 * pi).\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(cos(Decimal('0.5')))\n" +" 0.8775825618903727161162815826\n" +" >>> print(cos(0.5))\n" +" 0.87758256189\n" +" >>> print(cos(0.5+0j))\n" +" (0.87758256189+0j)\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2\n" +" i, lasts, s, fact, num, sign = 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" i += 2\n" +" fact *= i * (i-1)\n" +" num *= x * x\n" +" sign *= -1\n" +" s += num / fact * sign\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s\n" +"\n" +"def sin(x):\n" +" \"\"\"Return the sine of x as measured in radians.\n" +"\n" +" The Taylor series approximation works best for a small value of x.\n" +" For larger values, first compute x = x % (2 * pi).\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(sin(Decimal('0.5')))\n" +" 0.4794255386042030002732879352\n" +" >>> print(sin(0.5))\n" +" 0.479425538604\n" +" >>> print(sin(0.5+0j))\n" +" (0.479425538604+0j)\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2\n" +" i, lasts, s, fact, num, sign = 1, 0, x, 1, x, 1\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" i += 2\n" +" fact *= i * (i-1)\n" +" num *= x * x\n" +" sign *= -1\n" +" s += num / fact * sign\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s" +msgstr "" +"def moneyfmt(value, places=2, curr='', sep=',', dp='.',\n" +" pos='', neg='-', trailneg=''):\n" +" \"\"\"将 Decimal 值转换为以货币形式格式化的字符串。\n" +"\n" +" places: 小数点之后要保留的位数\n" +" curr: 正负号之前可选的货币符号 (可以为空)\n" +" sep: 可选的千位分隔符 (逗点, 句点, 空格或为空)\n" +" dp: 小数点符号 (逗点或句点)\n" +" 仅在保留零位小数时设为空\n" +" pos: 可选的正值符号: '+', 空格或为空\n" +" neg: 可选的负值符号: '-', '(', 空格或为空\n" +" trailneg:可选的末尾负值符号: '-', ')', 空格或为空\n" +"\n" +" >>> d = Decimal('-1234567.8901')\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(d, curr='$')\n" +" '-$1,234,567.89'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(d, places=0, sep='.', dp='', neg='', trailneg='-')\n" +" '1.234.568-'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(d, curr='$', neg='(', trailneg=')')\n" +" '($1,234,567.89)'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(Decimal(123456789), sep=' ')\n" +" '123 456 789.00'\n" +" >>> moneyfmt(Decimal('-0.02'), neg='<', trailneg='>')\n" +" '<0.02>'\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" q = Decimal(10) ** -places # 2 个小数位 --> '0.01'\n" +" sign, digits, exp = value.quantize(q).as_tuple()\n" +" result = []\n" +" digits = list(map(str, digits))\n" +" build, next = result.append, digits.pop\n" +" if sign:\n" +" build(trailneg)\n" +" for i in range(places):\n" +" build(next() if digits else '0')\n" +" if places:\n" +" build(dp)\n" +" if not digits:\n" +" build('0')\n" +" i = 0\n" +" while digits:\n" +" build(next())\n" +" i += 1\n" +" if i == 3 and digits:\n" +" i = 0\n" +" build(sep)\n" +" build(curr)\n" +" build(neg if sign else pos)\n" +" return ''.join(reversed(result))\n" +"\n" +"def pi():\n" +" \"\"\"计算 Pi 到当前精度。\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(pi())\n" +" 3.141592653589793238462643383\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2 # 用于中间步骤的额外位数\n" +" three = Decimal(3) # 替换常规浮点数的 \"three=3.0\"\n" +" lasts, t, s, n, na, d, da = 0, three, 3, 1, 0, 0, 24\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" n, na = n+na, na+8\n" +" d, da = d+da, da+32\n" +" t = (t * n) / d\n" +" s += t\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s # 单目取正值运算将应用新的精度\n" +"\n" +"def exp(x):\n" +" \"\"\"返回 e 的 x 次方。 结果类型将与输入类型相匹配。\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(exp(Decimal(1)))\n" +" 2.718281828459045235360287471\n" +" >>> print(exp(Decimal(2)))\n" +" 7.389056098930650227230427461\n" +" >>> print(exp(2.0))\n" +" 7.38905609893\n" +" >>> print(exp(2+0j))\n" +" (7.38905609893+0j)\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2\n" +" i, lasts, s, fact, num = 0, 0, 1, 1, 1\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" i += 1\n" +" fact *= i\n" +" num *= x\n" +" s += num / fact\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s\n" +"\n" +"def cos(x):\n" +" \"\"\"返回以弧度衡量的 x 的余弦。\n" +"\n" +" 泰勒级数近似算法对较小的 x 值效果最好。\n" +" 对于较大的值，则先计算 x = x % (2 * pi)。\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(cos(Decimal('0.5')))\n" +" 0.8775825618903727161162815826\n" +" >>> print(cos(0.5))\n" +" 0.87758256189\n" +" >>> print(cos(0.5+0j))\n" +" (0.87758256189+0j)\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2\n" +" i, lasts, s, fact, num, sign = 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" i += 2\n" +" fact *= i * (i-1)\n" +" num *= x * x\n" +" sign *= -1\n" +" s += num / fact * sign\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s\n" +"\n" +"def sin(x):\n" +" \"\"\"返回以弧度衡量的 x 的正弦。\n" +"\n" +" 泰勒级数近似算法对较小的 x 值效果最好。\n" +" 对于较大的值，则先计算 x = x % (2 * pi)。\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(sin(Decimal('0.5')))\n" +" 0.4794255386042030002732879352\n" +" >>> print(sin(0.5))\n" +" 0.479425538604\n" +" >>> print(sin(0.5+0j))\n" +" (0.479425538604+0j)\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" getcontext().prec += 2\n" +" i, lasts, s, fact, num, sign = 1, 0, x, 1, x, 1\n" +" while s != lasts:\n" +" lasts = s\n" +" i += 2\n" +" fact *= i * (i-1)\n" +" num *= x * x\n" +" sign *= -1\n" +" s += num / fact * sign\n" +" getcontext().prec -= 2\n" +" return +s" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2056 +msgid "Decimal FAQ" +msgstr "Decimal 常见问题" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2058 +msgid "" +"Q. It is cumbersome to type ``decimal.Decimal('1234.5')``. Is there a way " +"to minimize typing when using the interactive interpreter?" +msgstr "Q. 总是输入 ``decimal.Decimal('1234.5')`` 是否过于笨拙。 在使用交互解释器时有没有最小化输入量的方式？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2061 +msgid "A. Some users abbreviate the constructor to just a single letter:" +msgstr "A. 有些用户会将构造器简写为一个字母：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2067 +msgid "" +"Q. In a fixed-point application with two decimal places, some inputs have " +"many places and need to be rounded. Others are not supposed to have excess " +"digits and need to be validated. What methods should be used?" +msgstr "" +"Q. 在带有两个十进制位的定点数应用中，有些输入值具有许多位，需要被舍入。 另一些数则不应具有多余位，需要验证有效性。 这种情况应该用什么方法？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2071 +msgid "" +"A. The :meth:`~Decimal.quantize` method rounds to a fixed number of decimal " +"places. If the :const:`Inexact` trap is set, it is also useful for " +"validation:" +msgstr "" +"A. 用 :meth:`~Decimal.quantize` 方法舍入到固定数目的十进制位。 如果设置了 :const:`Inexact` " +"陷阱，它也适用于验证有效性:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2089 +msgid "" +"Q. Once I have valid two place inputs, how do I maintain that invariant " +"throughout an application?" +msgstr "Q. 当我使用两个有效位的输入时，我要如何在一个应用中保持有效位不变？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2092 +msgid "" +"A. Some operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication by an " +"integer will automatically preserve fixed point. Others operations, like " +"division and non-integer multiplication, will change the number of decimal " +"places and need to be followed-up with a :meth:`~Decimal.quantize` step:" +msgstr "" +"A. 某些运算如与整数相加、相减和相乘将会自动保留固定的小数位数。 其他运算，如相除和非整数相乘则会改变小数位数，需要再加上 " +":meth:`~Decimal.quantize` 处理步骤:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2110 +msgid "" +"In developing fixed-point applications, it is convenient to define functions" +" to handle the :meth:`~Decimal.quantize` step:" +msgstr "在开发定点数应用时，更方便的做法是定义处理 :meth:`~Decimal.quantize` 步骤的函数:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"Q. There are many ways to express the same value. The numbers ``200``, " +"``200.000``, ``2E2``, and ``.02E+4`` all have the same value at various " +"precisions. Is there a way to transform them to a single recognizable " +"canonical value?" +msgstr "" +"Q. 表示同一个值有许多方式。 数字 ``200``, ``200.000``, ``2E2`` 和 ``.02E+4`` 都具有相同的值但其精度不同。" +" 是否有办法将它们转换为一个可识别的规范值？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2129 +msgid "" +"A. The :meth:`~Decimal.normalize` method maps all equivalent values to a " +"single representative:" +msgstr "A. :meth:`~Decimal.normalize` 方法可将所有相等的值映射为单一表示形式:" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2136 +msgid "Q. When does rounding occur in a computation?" +msgstr "Q. 计算中的舍入是在什么时候发生的？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2138 +msgid "" +"A. It occurs *after* the computation. The philosophy of the decimal " +"specification is that numbers are considered exact and are created " +"independent of the current context. They can even have greater precision " +"than current context. Computations process with those exact inputs and then" +" rounding (or other context operations) is applied to the *result* of the " +"computation::" +msgstr "" +"A. 是在计算 *之后* 发生的。 decimal 设计规范认为数字应当被视为是精确的并且是不依赖于当前上下文而创建的。 " +"它们甚至可以具有比当前上下文更高的精确度。 计算过程将使用精确的输入然后再对计算的 *结果* 应用舍入（或其他的上下文操作）::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2145 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 5\n" +">>> pi = Decimal('3.1415926535') # More than 5 digits\n" +">>> pi # All digits are retained\n" +"Decimal('3.1415926535')\n" +">>> pi + 0 # Rounded after an addition\n" +"Decimal('3.1416')\n" +">>> pi - Decimal('0.00005') # Subtract unrounded numbers, then round\n" +"Decimal('3.1415')\n" +">>> pi + 0 - Decimal('0.00005'). # Intermediate values are rounded\n" +"Decimal('3.1416')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 5\n" +">>> pi = Decimal('3.1415926535') # 超过 5 个数位\n" +">>> pi # 所有数位都将保留\n" +"Decimal('3.1415926535')\n" +">>> pi + 0 # 加法运算后将执行舍入\n" +"Decimal('3.1416')\n" +">>> pi - Decimal('0.00005') # 减去未舍入的数值，然后执行舍入\n" +"Decimal('3.1415')\n" +">>> pi + 0 - Decimal('0.00005'). # 中间值将执行舍入\n" +"Decimal('3.1416')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2156 +msgid "" +"Q. Some decimal values always print with exponential notation. Is there a " +"way to get a non-exponential representation?" +msgstr "Q. 有些十进制值总是被打印为指数表示形式。 是否有办法得到一个非指数表示形式？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2159 +msgid "" +"A. For some values, exponential notation is the only way to express the " +"number of significant places in the coefficient. For example, expressing " +"``5.0E+3`` as ``5000`` keeps the value constant but cannot show the " +"original's two-place significance." +msgstr "" +"A. 对于某些值来说，指数表示法是表示系数中有效位的唯一方式。 例如，将 ``5.0E+3`` 表示为 ``5000`` " +"可以让值保持恒定但是无法显示原本的两位有效位。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2164 +msgid "" +"If an application does not care about tracking significance, it is easy to " +"remove the exponent and trailing zeroes, losing significance, but keeping " +"the value unchanged:" +msgstr "如果一个应用不必关心追踪有效位，则可以很容易地移除指数和末尾的零，丢弃有效位但让值保持不变：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2174 +msgid "Q. Is there a way to convert a regular float to a :class:`Decimal`?" +msgstr "Q. 是否有办法将一个普通浮点数转换为 :class:`Decimal`？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2176 +msgid "" +"A. Yes, any binary floating-point number can be exactly expressed as a " +"Decimal though an exact conversion may take more precision than intuition " +"would suggest:" +msgstr "A. 是的，任何二进制浮点数都可以精确地表示为 Decimal 值，但完全精确的转换可能需要比平常感觉更高的精度：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2180 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal(math.pi)\n" +"Decimal('3.141592653589793115997963468544185161590576171875')" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal(math.pi)\n" +"Decimal('3.141592653589793115997963468544185161590576171875')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2185 +msgid "" +"Q. Within a complex calculation, how can I make sure that I haven't gotten a" +" spurious result because of insufficient precision or rounding anomalies." +msgstr "Q. 在一个复杂的计算中，我怎样才能保证不会得到由精度不足和舍入异常所导致的虚假结果。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2188 +msgid "" +"A. The decimal module makes it easy to test results. A best practice is to " +"re-run calculations using greater precision and with various rounding modes." +" Widely differing results indicate insufficient precision, rounding mode " +"issues, ill-conditioned inputs, or a numerically unstable algorithm." +msgstr "" +"A. 使用 decimal 模块可以很容易地检测结果。 最好的做法是使用更高的精度和不同的舍入模式重新进行计算。 " +"明显不同的结果表明存在精度不足、舍入模式问题、不符合条件的输入或是结果不稳定的算法。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2193 +msgid "" +"Q. I noticed that context precision is applied to the results of operations " +"but not to the inputs. Is there anything to watch out for when mixing " +"values of different precisions?" +msgstr "Q. 我发现上下文精度的应用只针对运算结果而不针对输入。在混合使用不同精度的值时有什么需要注意的吗？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2197 +msgid "" +"A. Yes. The principle is that all values are considered to be exact and so " +"is the arithmetic on those values. Only the results are rounded. The " +"advantage for inputs is that \"what you type is what you get\". A " +"disadvantage is that the results can look odd if you forget that the inputs " +"haven't been rounded:" +msgstr "" +"A. 是的。 原则上所有值都会被视为精确值，在这些值上进行的算术运算也是如此。 只有结果会被舍入。 对于输入来说其好处是“所输入即所得”。 " +"而其缺点则是如果你忘记了输入没有被舍入，结果看起来可能会很奇怪：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2202 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 3\n" +">>> Decimal('3.104') + Decimal('2.104')\n" +"Decimal('5.21')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.104') + Decimal('0.000') + Decimal('2.104')\n" +"Decimal('5.20')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 3\n" +">>> Decimal('3.104') + Decimal('2.104')\n" +"Decimal('5.21')\n" +">>> Decimal('3.104') + Decimal('0.000') + Decimal('2.104')\n" +"Decimal('5.20')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2210 +msgid "" +"The solution is either to increase precision or to force rounding of inputs " +"using the unary plus operation:" +msgstr "解决办法是提高精度或使用单目加法运算对输入执行强制舍入：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2213 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 3\n" +">>> +Decimal('1.23456789') # unary plus triggers rounding\n" +"Decimal('1.23')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 3\n" +">>> +Decimal('1.23456789') # 单目取正运算符将触发舍入\n" +"Decimal('1.23')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, inputs can be rounded upon creation using the " +":meth:`Context.create_decimal` method:" +msgstr "此外，还可以使用 :meth:`Context.create_decimal` 方法在创建输入时执行舍入：" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2225 +msgid "Q. Is the CPython implementation fast for large numbers?" +msgstr "Q. CPython 实现对于巨大数字是否足够快速？" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2227 +msgid "" +"A. Yes. In the CPython and PyPy3 implementations, the C/CFFI versions of " +"the decimal module integrate the high speed `libmpdec " +"`_ library for " +"arbitrary precision correctly rounded decimal floating-point arithmetic " +"[#]_. ``libmpdec`` uses `Karatsuba multiplication " +"`_ for medium-sized " +"numbers and the `Number Theoretic Transform " +"`_ for very large numbers." +msgstr "" +"A. 是的。 在 CPython 和 PyPy3 实现中，decimal 模块的 C/CFFI 版本集成了高速 `libmpdec " +"`_ " +"库用于实现任意精度正确舍入的十进制浮点算术 [#]_。 ``libmpdec`` 会对中等大小的数字使用 `Karatsuba 乘法 " +"`_ 而对非常巨大的数字使用 `数字原理变换 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2237 +msgid "" +"The context must be adapted for exact arbitrary precision arithmetic. " +":attr:`~Context.Emin` and :attr:`~Context.Emax` should always be set to the " +"maximum values, :attr:`~Context.clamp` should always be 0 (the default). " +"Setting :attr:`~Context.prec` requires some care." +msgstr "" +"上下文必须针对任意精度算术进行适配。 :attr:`~Context.Emin` 和 :attr:`~Context.Emax` " +"应当总是被设为最大值，:attr:`~Context.clamp` 应当总是为 0 (默认值)。 设置 :attr:`~Context.prec` " +"需要十分谨慎。requires some care." + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2241 +msgid "" +"The easiest approach for trying out bignum arithmetic is to use the maximum " +"value for :attr:`~Context.prec` as well [#]_::" +msgstr "进行大数字算术的最便捷方式同样是使用 :attr:`~Context.prec` 的最大值 [#]_::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2244 +msgid "" +">>> setcontext(Context(prec=MAX_PREC, Emax=MAX_EMAX, Emin=MIN_EMIN))\n" +">>> x = Decimal(2) ** 256\n" +">>> x / 128\n" +"Decimal('904625697166532776746648320380374280103671755200316906558262375061821325312')" +msgstr "" +">>> setcontext(Context(prec=MAX_PREC, Emax=MAX_EMAX, Emin=MIN_EMIN))\n" +">>> x = Decimal(2) ** 256\n" +">>> x / 128\n" +"Decimal('904625697166532776746648320380374280103671755200316906558262375061821325312')" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2250 +msgid "" +"For inexact results, :const:`MAX_PREC` is far too large on 64-bit platforms " +"and the available memory will be insufficient::" +msgstr "对于不精确的结果，在 64 位平台上 :const:`MAX_PREC` 的值太大因而会导致可用内存不足::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2253 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal(1) / 3\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"MemoryError" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal(1) / 3\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"MemoryError" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2258 +msgid "" +"On systems with overallocation (e.g. Linux), a more sophisticated approach " +"is to adjust :attr:`~Context.prec` to the amount of available RAM. Suppose " +"that you have 8GB of RAM and expect 10 simultaneous operands using a maximum" +" of 500MB each::" +msgstr "" +"在具有超量分配的系统上 (如 Linux)，一种更复杂的方式是根据可用的 RAM 大小来调整 :attr:`~Context.prec`。 假设你有 " +"8GB 的 RAM 并期望同时有 10 个操作数，每个最多使用 500MB::" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2262 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # Maximum number of digits for a single operand using 500MB in 8-byte words\n" +">>> # with 19 digits per word (4-byte and 9 digits for the 32-bit build):\n" +">>> maxdigits = 19 * ((500 * 1024**2) // 8)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # Check that this works:\n" +">>> c = Context(prec=maxdigits, Emax=MAX_EMAX, Emin=MIN_EMIN)\n" +">>> c.traps[Inexact] = True\n" +">>> setcontext(c)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # Fill the available precision with nines:\n" +">>> x = Decimal(0).logical_invert() * 9\n" +">>> sys.getsizeof(x)\n" +"524288112\n" +">>> x + 2\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" decimal.Inexact: []" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 字长 8 字节使用 500MB 的单个操作数的最大位数\n" +">>> # 每字 19 个数位（32 位构建版则为字长 4 字节每字 9 个数位）：\n" +">>> maxdigits = 19 * ((500 * 1024**2) // 8)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 检测此代码有效。\n" +">>> c = Context(prec=maxdigits, Emax=MAX_EMAX, Emin=MIN_EMIN)\n" +">>> c.traps[Inexact] = True\n" +">>> setcontext(c)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # 以数字九填满可用的精度：\n" +">>> x = Decimal(0).logical_invert() * 9\n" +">>> sys.getsizeof(x)\n" +"524288112\n" +">>> x + 2\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" decimal.Inexact: []" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2282 +msgid "" +"In general (and especially on systems without overallocation), it is " +"recommended to estimate even tighter bounds and set the :attr:`Inexact` trap" +" if all calculations are expected to be exact." +msgstr "总体而言（特别是在没有超量分配的系统上），如果期望所有计算都是精确的则推荐预估更严格的边界并设置 :attr:`Inexact` 陷阱。" + +#: ../../library/decimal.rst:2291 +msgid "" +"This approach now works for all exact results except for non-integer powers." +msgstr "此方式现在适用于除了非整数乘方以外的所有精确结果。" diff --git a/library/development.po b/library/development.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ddaed6cb --- /dev/null +++ b/library/development.po @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/development.rst:5 +msgid "Development Tools" +msgstr "开发工具" + +#: ../../library/development.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter help you write software. For example," +" the :mod:`pydoc` module takes a module and generates documentation based on" +" the module's contents. The :mod:`doctest` and :mod:`unittest` modules " +"contains frameworks for writing unit tests that automatically exercise code " +"and verify that the expected output is produced." +msgstr "" +"本章中介绍的模块可帮助你编写软件。 例如，:mod:`pydoc` 模块接受一个模块并根据该模块的内容来生成文档。 :mod:`doctest` 和 " +":mod:`unittest` 模块包含用于编写自动执行代码并验证是否产生预期的输出的单元测试的框架。" + +#: ../../library/development.rst:13 +msgid "The list of modules described in this chapter is:" +msgstr "本章中描述的模块列表是：" diff --git a/library/devmode.po b/library/devmode.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..887cd193a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/devmode.po @@ -0,0 +1,475 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:4 +msgid "Python Development Mode" +msgstr "Python 开发模式" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:8 +msgid "" +"The Python Development Mode introduces additional runtime checks that are " +"too expensive to be enabled by default. It should not be more verbose than " +"the default if the code is correct; new warnings are only emitted when an " +"issue is detected." +msgstr "" +"开发模式下的 Python " +"加入了额外的运行时检查，由于开销太大，并非默认启用的。如果代码能够正确执行，默认的调试级别足矣，不应再提高了；仅当觉察到问题时再提升警告触发的级别。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:13 +msgid "" +"It can be enabled using the :option:`-X dev <-X>` command line option or by " +"setting the :envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE` environment variable to ``1``." +msgstr "" +"使用 :option:`-X dev <-X>` 命令行参数或将环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE` 置为 ``1`` " +"，可以启用开发模式。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:16 +msgid "See also :ref:`Python debug build `." +msgstr "另请参考 :ref:`Python debug build ` 。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:19 +msgid "Effects of the Python Development Mode" +msgstr "Python 开发模式的效果" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Enabling the Python Development Mode is similar to the following command, " +"but with additional effects described below::" +msgstr "启用 Python 开发模式后的效果，与以下命令类似，不过还有下面的额外效果：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:24 +msgid "" +"PYTHONMALLOC=debug PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG=1 python -W default -X faulthandler" +msgstr "" +"PYTHONMALLOC=debug PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG=1 python -W default -X faulthandler" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:26 +msgid "Effects of the Python Development Mode:" +msgstr "Python 开发模式的效果：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Add ``default`` :ref:`warning filter `. The " +"following warnings are shown:" +msgstr "" +"加入 ``default`` :ref:`warning filter ` " +"。下述警告信息将会显示出来：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:31 +msgid ":exc:`DeprecationWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`DeprecationWarning`" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:32 +msgid ":exc:`ImportWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`ImportWarning`" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:33 +msgid ":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:34 +msgid ":exc:`ResourceWarning`" +msgstr ":exc:`ResourceWarning`" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Normally, the above warnings are filtered by the default :ref:`warning " +"filters `." +msgstr "" +"通常上述警告是由默认的 :ref:`warning filters ` 负责处理的。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:39 +msgid "" +"It behaves as if the :option:`-W default <-W>` command line option is used." +msgstr "效果类似于采用了 :option:`-W default <-W>` 命令行参数。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Use the :option:`-W error <-W>` command line option or set the " +":envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` environment variable to ``error`` to treat warnings" +" as errors." +msgstr "" +"使用命令行参数 :option:`-W error <-W>` 或将环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` 设为 " +"``error``，可将警告视为错误。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:45 +msgid "Install debug hooks on memory allocators to check for:" +msgstr "在内存分配程序中安装调试钩子，用以查看：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:47 +msgid "Buffer underflow" +msgstr "缓冲区下溢" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:48 +msgid "Buffer overflow" +msgstr "缓冲区上溢" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:49 +msgid "Memory allocator API violation" +msgstr "内存分配 API 冲突" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:50 +msgid "Unsafe usage of the GIL" +msgstr "不安全的 GIL 调用" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:52 +msgid "See the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` C function." +msgstr "参见 C 函数 :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:54 +msgid "" +"It behaves as if the :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable is set to " +"``debug``." +msgstr "效果如同将环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 设为 ``debug``。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:57 +msgid "" +"To enable the Python Development Mode without installing debug hooks on " +"memory allocators, set the :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable to " +"``default``." +msgstr "" +"若要启用 Python 开发模式，却又不要在内存分配程序中安装调试钩子，请将 环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 设为 " +"``default``。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Call :func:`faulthandler.enable` at Python startup to install handlers for " +"the :const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`, :const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, " +":const:`~signal.SIGABRT`, :const:`~signal.SIGBUS` and " +":const:`~signal.SIGILL` signals to dump the Python traceback on a crash." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 启动时调用 :func:`faulthandler.enable` 来为 :const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`, " +":const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, :const:`~signal.SIGABRT`, :const:`~signal.SIGBUS` 和" +" :const:`~signal.SIGILL` 信号安装处理器以便在程序崩溃时转储 Python 回溯信息。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:66 +msgid "" +"It behaves as if the :option:`-X faulthandler <-X>` command line option is " +"used or if the :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` environment variable is set to " +"``1``." +msgstr "" +"其行为如同使用了 :option:`-X faulthandler <-X>` 命令行选项或将 :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER`" +" 环境变量设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Enable :ref:`asyncio debug mode `. For example, " +":mod:`asyncio` checks for coroutines that were not awaited and logs them." +msgstr "" +"启用 :ref:`asyncio debug mode `。比如 :mod:`asyncio` " +"会检查没有等待的协程并记录下来。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:73 +msgid "" +"It behaves as if the :envvar:`PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG` environment variable is " +"set to ``1``." +msgstr "效果如同将环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG` 设为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Check the *encoding* and *errors* arguments for string encoding and decoding" +" operations. Examples: :func:`open`, :meth:`str.encode` and " +":meth:`bytes.decode`." +msgstr "" +"检查字符串编码和解码函数的 *encoding* 和 *errors* 参数。例如： :func:`open` 、 :meth:`str.encode`" +" 和 :meth:`bytes.decode`。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:80 +msgid "" +"By default, for best performance, the *errors* argument is only checked at " +"the first encoding/decoding error and the *encoding* argument is sometimes " +"ignored for empty strings." +msgstr "" +"为了获得最佳性能，默认只会在第一次编码/解码错误时才会检查 *errors* 参数，有时 *encoding* 参数为空字符串时还会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:84 +msgid "The :class:`io.IOBase` destructor logs ``close()`` exceptions." +msgstr ":class:`io.IOBase` 的析构函数会记录 ``close()`` 触发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Set the :attr:`~sys.flags.dev_mode` attribute of :data:`sys.flags` to " +"``True``." +msgstr "将 :data:`sys.flags` 的 :attr:`~sys.flags.dev_mode` 属性设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The Python Development Mode does not enable the :mod:`tracemalloc` module by" +" default, because the overhead cost (to performance and memory) would be too" +" large. Enabling the :mod:`tracemalloc` module provides additional " +"information on the origin of some errors. For example, " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` logs the traceback where the resource was allocated, " +"and a buffer overflow error logs the traceback where the memory block was " +"allocated." +msgstr "" +"Python 开发模式下，默认不会启用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块，因为其性能和内存开销太大。启用 :mod:`tracemalloc`" +" 模块后，能够提供有关错误来源的一些额外信息。例如，:exc:`ResourceWarning` " +"记录了资源分配的跟踪信息，而缓冲区溢出错误记录了内存块分配的跟踪信息。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The Python Development Mode does not prevent the :option:`-O` command line " +"option from removing :keyword:`assert` statements nor from setting " +":const:`__debug__` to ``False``." +msgstr "" +"Python 开发模式不会阻止命令行参数 :option:`-O` 删除 :keyword:`assert` 语句，也不会阻止将 " +":const:`__debug__` 设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:99 +msgid "" +"The Python Development Mode can only be enabled at the Python startup. Its " +"value can be read from :data:`sys.flags.dev_mode `." +msgstr "" +"Python 开发模式只能在 Python 启动时启用。其参数值可从 :data:`sys.flags.dev_mode ` " +"读取。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:102 +msgid "The :class:`io.IOBase` destructor now logs ``close()`` exceptions." +msgstr "现在， :class:`io.IOBase` 的析构函数会记录 ``close()`` 触发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:105 +msgid "" +"The *encoding* and *errors* arguments are now checked for string encoding " +"and decoding operations." +msgstr "现在，字符串编码和解码操作时会检查 *encoding* 和 *errors* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:111 +msgid "ResourceWarning Example" +msgstr "ResourceWarning 示例" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Example of a script counting the number of lines of the text file specified " +"in the command line::" +msgstr "以下示例将统计由命令行指定的文本文件的行数：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:116 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" fp = open(sys.argv[1])\n" +" nlines = len(fp.readlines())\n" +" print(nlines)\n" +" # The file is closed implicitly\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" fp = open(sys.argv[1])\n" +" nlines = len(fp.readlines())\n" +" print(nlines)\n" +" # 文件将隐式地关闭\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:127 +msgid "" +"The script does not close the file explicitly. By default, Python does not " +"emit any warning. Example using README.txt, which has 269 lines:" +msgstr "上述代码没有显式关闭文件。默认情况下，Python 不会触发任何警告。下面用 README.txt 文件测试下，有 269 行：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:130 +msgid "" +"$ python script.py README.txt\n" +"269" +msgstr "" +"$ python script.py README.txt\n" +"269" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Enabling the Python Development Mode displays a :exc:`ResourceWarning` " +"warning:" +msgstr "启用 Python 开发模式后，则会显示一条 :exc:`ResourceWarning` 警告：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:137 +msgid "" +"$ python -X dev script.py README.txt\n" +"269\n" +"script.py:10: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='README.rst' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" main()\n" +"ResourceWarning: Enable tracemalloc to get the object allocation traceback" +msgstr "" +"$ python -X dev script.py README.txt\n" +"269\n" +"script.py:10: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='README.rst' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" main()\n" +"ResourceWarning: Enable tracemalloc to get the object allocation traceback" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:145 +msgid "" +"In addition, enabling :mod:`tracemalloc` shows the line where the file was " +"opened:" +msgstr "启用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 后，则还会显示打开文件的那行代码：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:148 +msgid "" +"$ python -X dev -X tracemalloc=5 script.py README.rst\n" +"269\n" +"script.py:10: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='README.rst' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" main()\n" +"Object allocated at (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"script.py\", lineno 10\n" +" main()\n" +" File \"script.py\", lineno 4\n" +" fp = open(sys.argv[1])" +msgstr "" +"$ python -X dev -X tracemalloc=5 script.py README.rst\n" +"269\n" +"script.py:10: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='README.rst' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" main()\n" +"Object allocated at (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"script.py\", lineno 10\n" +" main()\n" +" File \"script.py\", lineno 4\n" +" fp = open(sys.argv[1])" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The fix is to close explicitly the file. Example using a context manager::" +msgstr "修正方案就是显式关闭文件。下面用上下文管理器作为示例：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:162 +msgid "" +"def main():\n" +" # Close the file explicitly when exiting the with block\n" +" with open(sys.argv[1]) as fp:\n" +" nlines = len(fp.readlines())\n" +" print(nlines)" +msgstr "" +"def main():\n" +" # 在退出 with 语句块时显式地关闭文件\n" +" with open(sys.argv[1]) as fp:\n" +" nlines = len(fp.readlines())\n" +" print(nlines)" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Not closing a resource explicitly can leave a resource open for way longer " +"than expected; it can cause severe issues upon exiting Python. It is bad in " +"CPython, but it is even worse in PyPy. Closing resources explicitly makes an" +" application more deterministic and more reliable." +msgstr "" +"未能显式关闭资源，会让资源打开时长远超预期；在退出 Python 时可能会导致严重问题。这在 CPython 中比较糟糕，但在 PyPy " +"中会更糟。显式关闭资源能让应用程序更加稳定可靠。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:175 +msgid "Bad file descriptor error example" +msgstr "文件描述符错误示例" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:177 +msgid "Script displaying the first line of itself::" +msgstr "显示自身的第一行代码：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:179 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" fp = open(__file__)\n" +" firstline = fp.readline()\n" +" print(firstline.rstrip())\n" +" os.close(fp.fileno())\n" +" # The file is closed implicitly\n" +"\n" +"main()" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" fp = open(__file__)\n" +" firstline = fp.readline()\n" +" print(firstline.rstrip())\n" +" os.close(fp.fileno())\n" +" # 文件被隐式地关闭\n" +"\n" +"main()" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:190 +msgid "By default, Python does not emit any warning:" +msgstr "默认情况下，Python 不会触发任何警告：" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:192 +msgid "" +"$ python script.py\n" +"import os" +msgstr "" +"$ python script.py\n" +"import os" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The Python Development Mode shows a :exc:`ResourceWarning` and logs a \"Bad " +"file descriptor\" error when finalizing the file object:" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 开发模式下，会在析构文件对象时显示 :exc:`ResourceWarning` 并记录 “Bad file descriptor” " +"错误。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:200 +msgid "" +"$ python -X dev script.py\n" +"import os\n" +"script.py:10: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='script.py' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" main()\n" +"ResourceWarning: Enable tracemalloc to get the object allocation traceback\n" +"Exception ignored in: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='script.py' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"script.py\", line 10, in \n" +" main()\n" +"OSError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor" +msgstr "" +"$ python -X dev script.py\n" +"import os\n" +"script.py:10: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='script.py' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" main()\n" +"ResourceWarning: Enable tracemalloc to get the object allocation traceback\n" +"Exception ignored in: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='script.py' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"script.py\", line 10, in \n" +" main()\n" +"OSError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:213 +msgid "" +"``os.close(fp.fileno())`` closes the file descriptor. When the file object " +"finalizer tries to close the file descriptor again, it fails with the ``Bad " +"file descriptor`` error. A file descriptor must be closed only once. In the " +"worst case scenario, closing it twice can lead to a crash (see " +":issue:`18748` for an example)." +msgstr "" +"``os.close(fp.fileno())`` 会关闭文件描述符。当文件对象析构函数试图再次关闭文件描述符时会失败，并触发 ``Bad file " +"descriptor`` 错误。每个文件描述符只允许关闭一次。在最坏的情况下，关闭两次会导致程序崩溃（示例可参见 :issue:`18748` ）。" + +#: ../../library/devmode.rst:219 +msgid "" +"The fix is to remove the ``os.close(fp.fileno())`` line, or open the file " +"with ``closefd=False``." +msgstr "修正方案是删除 ``os.close(fp.fileno())`` 这一行，或者打开文件时带上 ``closefd=False`` 参数。" diff --git a/library/dialog.po b/library/dialog.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9b2da76e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/dialog.po @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Leo Li , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: ProgramRipper, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:2 +msgid "Tkinter Dialogs" +msgstr "Tkinter 对话框" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:5 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.simpledialog` --- Standard Tkinter input dialogs" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.simpledialog` --- 标准 Tkinter 输入对话框" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py`" +msgstr "**源码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py`" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.simpledialog` module contains convenience classes and " +"functions for creating simple modal dialogs to get a value from the user." +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.simpledialog` 模块包含了一些便捷类和函数，用于创建简单的模态对话框，从用户那里读取一个值。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The above three functions provide dialogs that prompt the user to enter a " +"value of the desired type." +msgstr "以上三个函数提供给用户输入期望值的类型的对话框." + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:28 +msgid "The base class for custom dialogs." +msgstr "自定义对话框的基类." + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Override to construct the dialog's interface and return the widget that " +"should have initial focus." +msgstr "可以覆盖，用于构建对话框的界面，并返回初始焦点所在的部件。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Default behaviour adds OK and Cancel buttons. Override for custom button " +"layouts." +msgstr "加入 OK 和 Cancel 按钮的默认行为. 重写自定义按钮布局." + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:43 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.filedialog` --- File selection dialogs" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.filedialog` --- 文件选择对话框." + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:49 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/filedialog.py`" +msgstr "**源码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/filedialog.py`" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.filedialog` module provides classes and factory functions " +"for creating file/directory selection windows." +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.filedialog` 模块提供了用于创建文件/目录选择窗口的类和工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:57 +msgid "Native Load/Save Dialogs" +msgstr "原生的载入/保存对话框." + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:59 +msgid "" +"The following classes and functions provide file dialog windows that combine" +" a native look-and-feel with configuration options to customize behaviour. " +"The following keyword arguments are applicable to the classes and functions " +"listed below:" +msgstr "以下类和函数提供了文件对话窗口，这些窗口带有原生外观，具备可定制行为的配置项。这些关键字参数适用于下列类和函数：" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:0 +msgid "*parent* - the window to place the dialog on top of" +msgstr "*parent* —— 对话框下方的窗口" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:0 +msgid "*title* - the title of the window" +msgstr "*title* —— 窗口的标题" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:0 +msgid "*initialdir* - the directory that the dialog starts in" +msgstr "*initialdir* —— 对话框的启动目录" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:0 +msgid "*initialfile* - the file selected upon opening of the dialog" +msgstr "*initialfile* —— 打开对话框时选中的文件" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:0 +msgid "" +"*filetypes* - a sequence of (label, pattern) tuples, '*' wildcard is allowed" +msgstr "*filetypes* —— （标签，匹配模式）元组构成的列表，允许使用 “*” 通配符" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:0 +msgid "" +"*defaultextension* - default extension to append to file (save dialogs)" +msgstr "*defaultextension* —— 默认的扩展名，用于加到文件名后面（保存对话框）。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:0 +msgid "*multiple* - when true, selection of multiple items is allowed" +msgstr "*multiple* —— 为 True 则允许多选" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:79 +msgid "**Static factory functions**" +msgstr "** 静态工厂函数 **" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:81 +msgid "" +"The below functions when called create a modal, native look-and-feel dialog," +" wait for the user's selection, then return the selected value(s) or " +"``None`` to the caller." +msgstr "调用以下函数时，会创建一个模态的、原生外观的对话框，等待用户选取，然后将选中值或 ``None`` 返回给调用者。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The above two functions create an :class:`Open` dialog and return the opened" +" file object(s) in read-only mode." +msgstr "上述两个函数创建了 :class:`Open` 对话框，并返回一个只读模式打开的文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`SaveAs` dialog and return a file object opened in write-" +"only mode." +msgstr "创建 :class:`SaveAs` 对话框并返回一个写入模式打开的文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:98 +msgid "" +"The above two functions create an :class:`Open` dialog and return the " +"selected filename(s) that correspond to existing file(s)." +msgstr "以上两个函数创建了 :class:`Open` 对话框，并返回选中的文件名，对应着已存在的文件。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:103 +msgid "Create a :class:`SaveAs` dialog and return the selected filename." +msgstr "创建 :class:`SaveAs` 对话框，并返回选中的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:107 +msgid "Prompt user to select a directory." +msgstr "提示用户选择一个目录." + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:108 +msgid "Additional keyword option:" +msgstr "其他关键字参数：" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:109 +msgid "*mustexist* - determines if selection must be an existing directory." +msgstr "*mustexist* —— 确定是否必须为已存在的目录。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:114 +msgid "" +"The above two classes provide native dialog windows for saving and loading " +"files." +msgstr "上述两个类提供了用于保存和加载文件的原生对话窗口。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:117 +msgid "**Convenience classes**" +msgstr "** 便捷类 **" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:119 +msgid "" +"The below classes are used for creating file/directory windows from scratch." +" These do not emulate the native look-and-feel of the platform." +msgstr "以下类用于从头开始创建文件/目录窗口。不会模仿当前系统的原生外观。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:124 +msgid "Create a dialog prompting the user to select a directory." +msgstr "创建对话框，提示用户选择一个目录。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:126 +msgid "" +"The *FileDialog* class should be subclassed for custom event handling and " +"behaviour." +msgstr "为了实现自定义的事件处理和行为，应继承 *FileDialog* 类。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:131 +msgid "Create a basic file selection dialog." +msgstr "创建一个简单的文件选择对话框。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:135 +msgid "Trigger the termination of the dialog window." +msgstr "触发对话窗口的终止。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:139 +msgid "Event handler for double-click event on directory." +msgstr "目录双击事件的处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:143 +msgid "Event handler for click event on directory." +msgstr "目录单击事件的处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:147 +msgid "Event handler for double-click event on file." +msgstr "文件双击事件的处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:151 +msgid "Event handler for single-click event on file." +msgstr "文件单击事件的处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:155 +msgid "Filter the files by directory." +msgstr "按目录筛选文件。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:159 +msgid "Retrieve the file filter currently in use." +msgstr "获取当前使用的文件筛选器。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:163 +msgid "Retrieve the currently selected item." +msgstr "获取当前选中项。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:167 +msgid "Render dialog and start event loop." +msgstr "显示对话框并启动事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:171 +msgid "Exit dialog returning current selection." +msgstr "退出对话框并返回当前选中项。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:175 +msgid "Exit dialog returning filename, if any." +msgstr "退出对话框并返回文件名。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:179 +msgid "Set the file filter." +msgstr "设置文件筛选器。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:183 +msgid "Update the current file selection to *file*." +msgstr "将当前选中文件更新为 *file*。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:188 +msgid "" +"A subclass of FileDialog that creates a dialog window for selecting an " +"existing file." +msgstr "FileDialog 的一个子类，创建用于选取已有文件的对话窗口。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Test that a file is provided and that the selection indicates an already " +"existing file." +msgstr "检测有否给出文件，以及选中的文件是否存在。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:198 +msgid "" +"A subclass of FileDialog that creates a dialog window for selecting a " +"destination file." +msgstr "FileDialog 的一个子类，创建用于选择目标文件的对话窗口。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Test whether or not the selection points to a valid file that is not a " +"directory. Confirmation is required if an already existing file is selected." +msgstr "检测选中文件是否为目录。如果选中了已存在文件，则需要用户进行确认。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:208 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.commondialog` --- Dialog window templates" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.commondialog` --- 对话窗口模板" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:214 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/commondialog.py`" +msgstr "**源码:**：:source:`Lib/tkinter/commondialog.py`" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:218 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.commondialog` module provides the :class:`Dialog` class " +"that is the base class for dialogs defined in other supporting modules." +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.commondialog` 模块提供了 :class:`Dialog` 类，是其他模块定义的对话框的基类。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:225 +msgid "Render the Dialog window." +msgstr "显示对话窗口。" + +#: ../../library/dialog.rst:230 +msgid "Modules :mod:`tkinter.messagebox`, :ref:`tut-files`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`tkinter.messagebox`, :ref:`tut-files`" diff --git a/library/difflib.po b/library/difflib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7da3642ca --- /dev/null +++ b/library/difflib.po @@ -0,0 +1,1368 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# shiyu Peng , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!difflib` --- Helpers for computing deltas" +msgstr ":mod:`!difflib` --- 计算差异的辅助工具" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/difflib.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/difflib.py`" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:20 +msgid "" +"This module provides classes and functions for comparing sequences. It can " +"be used for example, for comparing files, and can produce information about " +"file differences in various formats, including HTML and context and unified " +"diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` " +"module." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供用于比较序列的类和函数。 例如，它可被用于比较文件，并可产生多种格式的不同文件差异信息，包括 HTML 和上下文以及统一的 diff 数据。 " +"有关比较目录和文件，另请参阅 :mod:`filecmp` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:29 +msgid "" +"This is a flexible class for comparing pairs of sequences of any type, so " +"long as the sequence elements are :term:`hashable`. The basic algorithm " +"predates, and is a little fancier than, an algorithm published in the late " +"1980's by Ratcliff and Obershelp under the hyperbolic name \"gestalt pattern" +" matching.\" The idea is to find the longest contiguous matching " +"subsequence that contains no \"junk\" elements; these \"junk\" elements are " +"ones that are uninteresting in some sense, such as blank lines or " +"whitespace. (Handling junk is an extension to the Ratcliff and Obershelp " +"algorithm.) The same idea is then applied recursively to the pieces of the " +"sequences to the left and to the right of the matching subsequence. This " +"does not yield minimal edit sequences, but does tend to yield matches that " +"\"look right\" to people." +msgstr "" +"这是一个灵活的类，可用于比较任何类型的序列对，只要序列元素为 :term:`hashable` 对象。 其基本算法要早于由 Ratcliff 和 " +"Obershelp 于 1980 年代末期发表并以“格式塔模式匹配”的夸张名称命名的算法，并且更加有趣一些。 " +"其思路是找到不包含“垃圾”元素的最长连续匹配子序列；所谓“垃圾”元素是指其在某种意义上没有价值，例如空白行或空白符。 （处理垃圾元素是对 " +"Ratcliff 和 Obershelp 算法的一个扩展。） 然后同样的思路将递归地应用于匹配序列的左右序列片段。 " +"这并不能产生最小编辑序列，但确实能产生在人们看来“正确”的匹配。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:41 +msgid "" +"**Timing:** The basic Ratcliff-Obershelp algorithm is cubic time in the " +"worst case and quadratic time in the expected case. :class:`SequenceMatcher`" +" is quadratic time for the worst case and has expected-case behavior " +"dependent in a complicated way on how many elements the sequences have in " +"common; best case time is linear." +msgstr "" +"**耗时:** 基本 Ratcliff-Obershelp 算法在最坏情况下为立方时间而在一般情况下为平方时间。 " +":class:`SequenceMatcher` " +"在最坏情况下为平方时间而在一般情况下的行为受到序列中有多少相同元素这一因素的微妙影响；在最佳情况下则为线性时间。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:47 +msgid "" +"**Automatic junk heuristic:** :class:`SequenceMatcher` supports a heuristic " +"that automatically treats certain sequence items as junk. The heuristic " +"counts how many times each individual item appears in the sequence. If an " +"item's duplicates (after the first one) account for more than 1% of the " +"sequence and the sequence is at least 200 items long, this item is marked as" +" \"popular\" and is treated as junk for the purpose of sequence matching. " +"This heuristic can be turned off by setting the ``autojunk`` argument to " +"``False`` when creating the :class:`SequenceMatcher`." +msgstr "" +"**自动垃圾启发式计算:** :class:`SequenceMatcher` 支持使用启发式计算来自动将特定序列项视为垃圾。 " +"这种启发式计算会统计每个单独项在序列中出现的次数。 如果某一项（在第一项之后）的重复次数超过序列长度的 1% 并且序列长度至少有 200 " +"项，该项会被标记为“热门”并被视为序列匹配中的垃圾。 这种启发式计算可以通过在创建 :class:`SequenceMatcher` 时将 " +"``autojunk`` 参数设为 ``False`` 来关闭。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:55 ../../library/difflib.rst:386 +msgid "Added the *autojunk* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *autojunk* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:61 +msgid "" +"This is a class for comparing sequences of lines of text, and producing " +"human-readable differences or deltas. Differ uses :class:`SequenceMatcher` " +"both to compare sequences of lines, and to compare sequences of characters " +"within similar (near-matching) lines." +msgstr "" +"这个类的作用是比较由文本行组成的序列，并产生可供人阅读的差异或增量信息。 Differ 统一使用 :class:`SequenceMatcher` " +"来完成行序列的比较以及相似（接近匹配）行内部字符序列的比较。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:66 +msgid "Each line of a :class:`Differ` delta begins with a two-letter code:" +msgstr ":class:`Differ` 增量的每一行均以双字母代码打头：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:69 +msgid "Code" +msgstr "双字母代码" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:69 ../../library/difflib.rst:496 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:71 +msgid "``'- '``" +msgstr "``'- '``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:71 +msgid "line unique to sequence 1" +msgstr "行为序列 1 所独有" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:73 +msgid "``'+ '``" +msgstr "``'+ '``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:73 +msgid "line unique to sequence 2" +msgstr "行为序列 2 所独有" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:75 +msgid "``' '``" +msgstr "``' '``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:75 +msgid "line common to both sequences" +msgstr "行在两序列中相同" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:77 +msgid "``'? '``" +msgstr "``'? '``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:77 +msgid "line not present in either input sequence" +msgstr "行不存在于任一输入序列" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Lines beginning with '``?``' attempt to guide the eye to intraline " +"differences, and were not present in either input sequence. These lines can " +"be confusing if the sequences contain whitespace characters, such as spaces," +" tabs or line breaks." +msgstr "" +"以 '``?``' 打头的行尝试将视线紖至行以外而不存在于任一输入序列的差异。 如果序列包含空白符，例如空格、制表或换行则这些行可能会令人感到迷惑。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:87 +msgid "" +"This class can be used to create an HTML table (or a complete HTML file " +"containing the table) showing a side by side, line by line comparison of " +"text with inter-line and intra-line change highlights. The table can be " +"generated in either full or contextual difference mode." +msgstr "" +"这个类可用于创建 HTML 表格（或包含表格的完整 HTML 文件）以并排地逐行显示文本比较，行间与行外的更改将突出显示。 " +"此表格可以基于完全或上下文差异模式来生成。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:92 +msgid "The constructor for this class is:" +msgstr "这个类的构造函数：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:97 +msgid "Initializes instance of :class:`HtmlDiff`." +msgstr "初始化 :class:`HtmlDiff` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:99 +msgid "" +"*tabsize* is an optional keyword argument to specify tab stop spacing and " +"defaults to ``8``." +msgstr "*tabsize* 是一个可选关键字参数，指定制表位的间隔，默认值为 ``8``。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:102 +msgid "" +"*wrapcolumn* is an optional keyword to specify column number where lines are" +" broken and wrapped, defaults to ``None`` where lines are not wrapped." +msgstr "*wrapcolumn* 是一个可选关键字参数，指定行文本自动打断并换行的列位置，默认值为 ``None`` 表示不自动换行。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:105 +msgid "" +"*linejunk* and *charjunk* are optional keyword arguments passed into " +":func:`ndiff` (used by :class:`HtmlDiff` to generate the side by side HTML " +"differences). See :func:`ndiff` documentation for argument default values " +"and descriptions." +msgstr "" +"*linejunk* 和 *charjunk* 均是可选关键字参数，会传入 :func:`ndiff` (被 :class:`HtmlDiff` " +"用来生成并排显示的 HTML 差异)。 请参阅 :func:`ndiff` 文档了解参数默认值及其说明。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:109 +msgid "The following methods are public:" +msgstr "下列是公开的方法" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Compares *fromlines* and *tolines* (lists of strings) and returns a string " +"which is a complete HTML file containing a table showing line by line " +"differences with inter-line and intra-line changes highlighted." +msgstr "" +"比较 *fromlines* 和 *tolines* (字符串列表) 并返回一个字符串，表示一个完整 HTML " +"文件，其中包含各行差异的表格，行间与行外的更改将突出显示。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:118 +msgid "" +"*fromdesc* and *todesc* are optional keyword arguments to specify from/to " +"file column header strings (both default to an empty string)." +msgstr "*fromdesc* 和 *todesc* 均是可选关键字参数，指定来源/目标文件的列标题字符串（默认均为空白字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:121 +msgid "" +"*context* and *numlines* are both optional keyword arguments. Set *context* " +"to ``True`` when contextual differences are to be shown, else the default is" +" ``False`` to show the full files. *numlines* defaults to ``5``. When " +"*context* is ``True`` *numlines* controls the number of context lines which " +"surround the difference highlights. When *context* is ``False`` *numlines* " +"controls the number of lines which are shown before a difference highlight " +"when using the \"next\" hyperlinks (setting to zero would cause the \"next\"" +" hyperlinks to place the next difference highlight at the top of the browser" +" without any leading context)." +msgstr "" +"*context* 和 *numlines* 均是可选关键字参数。 当只要显示上下文差异时就将 *context* 设为 ``True``，否则默认值 " +"``False`` 为显示完整文件。 *numlines* 默认为 ``5``。 当 *context* 为 ``True`` 时 *numlines*" +" 将控制围绕突出显示差异部分的上下文行数。 当 *context* 为 ``False`` 时 *numlines* 将控制在使用 \"next\" " +"超链接时突出显示差异部分之前所显示的行数（设为零则会导致 \"next\" 超链接将下一个突出显示差异部分放在浏览器顶端，不添加任何前导上下文）。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:132 +msgid "" +"*fromdesc* and *todesc* are interpreted as unescaped HTML and should be " +"properly escaped while receiving input from untrusted sources." +msgstr "*fromdesc* 和 *todesc* 会被当作未转义的 HTML 来解读，当接收不可信来源的输入时应该适当地进行转义。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:135 +msgid "" +"*charset* keyword-only argument was added. The default charset of HTML " +"document changed from ``'ISO-8859-1'`` to ``'utf-8'``." +msgstr "增加了 *charset* 关键字参数。 HTML 文档的默认字符集从 ``'ISO-8859-1'`` 更改为 ``'utf-8'``。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Compares *fromlines* and *tolines* (lists of strings) and returns a string " +"which is a complete HTML table showing line by line differences with inter-" +"line and intra-line changes highlighted." +msgstr "" +"比较 *fromlines* 和 *tolines* (字符串列表) 并返回一个字符串，表示一个包含各行差异的完整 HTML " +"表格，行间与行外的更改将突出显示。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The arguments for this method are the same as those for the " +":meth:`make_file` method." +msgstr "此方法的参数与 :meth:`make_file` 方法的相同。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Compare *a* and *b* (lists of strings); return a delta (a :term:`generator` " +"generating the delta lines) in context diff format." +msgstr "比较 *a* 和 *b* (字符串列表)；返回上下文差异格式的增量信息 (一个产生增量行的 :term:`generator`)。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Context diffs are a compact way of showing just the lines that have changed " +"plus a few lines of context. The changes are shown in a before/after style." +" The number of context lines is set by *n* which defaults to three." +msgstr "所谓上下文差异是一种只显示有更改的行再加几个上下文行的紧凑形式。 更改被显示为之前/之后的样式。 上下文行数由 *n* 设定，默认为三行。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:159 +msgid "" +"By default, the diff control lines (those with ``***`` or ``---``) are " +"created with a trailing newline. This is helpful so that inputs created " +"from :func:`io.IOBase.readlines` result in diffs that are suitable for use " +"with :func:`io.IOBase.writelines` since both the inputs and outputs have " +"trailing newlines." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，差异控制行（以 ``***`` or ``---`` 表示）是通过末尾换行符来创建的。 这样做的好处是从 " +":func:`io.IOBase.readlines` 创建的输入将得到适用于 :func:`io.IOBase.writelines` " +"的差异信息，因为输入和输出都带有末尾换行符。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:165 ../../library/difflib.rst:297 +msgid "" +"For inputs that do not have trailing newlines, set the *lineterm* argument " +"to ``\"\"`` so that the output will be uniformly newline free." +msgstr "对于没有末尾换行符的输入，应将 *lineterm* 参数设为 ``\"\"``，这样输出内容将统一不带换行符。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:168 +msgid "" +"The context diff format normally has a header for filenames and modification" +" times. Any or all of these may be specified using strings for *fromfile*, " +"*tofile*, *fromfiledate*, and *tofiledate*. The modification times are " +"normally expressed in the ISO 8601 format. If not specified, the strings " +"default to blanks." +msgstr "" +"上下文差异格式通常带有一个记录文件名和修改时间的标头。 这些信息的部分或全部可以使用字符串 *fromfile*, *tofile*, " +"*fromfiledate* 和 *tofiledate* 来指定。 修改时间通常以 ISO 8601 格式表示。 如果未指定，这些字符串默认为空。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:194 ../../library/difflib.rst:320 +msgid "See :ref:`difflib-interface` for a more detailed example." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`difflib-interface` 获取更详细的示例。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the best \"good enough\" matches. *word* is a sequence for" +" which close matches are desired (typically a string), and *possibilities* " +"is a list of sequences against which to match *word* (typically a list of " +"strings)." +msgstr "" +"返回由最佳“近似”匹配构成的列表。 *word* 为一个指定目标近似匹配的序列（通常为字符串），*possibilities* 为一个由用于匹配 " +"*word* 的序列构成的列表（通常为字符串列表）。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *n* (default ``3``) is the maximum number of close matches" +" to return; *n* must be greater than ``0``." +msgstr "可选参数 *n* (默认为 ``3``) 指定最多返回多少个近似匹配； *n* 必须大于 ``0``." + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *cutoff* (default ``0.6``) is a float in the range [0, 1]." +" Possibilities that don't score at least that similar to *word* are ignored." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *cutoff* (默认为 ``0.6``) 是一个 [0, 1] 范围内的浮点数。 与 *word* " +"相似度得分未达到该值的候选匹配将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:209 +msgid "" +"The best (no more than *n*) matches among the possibilities are returned in " +"a list, sorted by similarity score, most similar first." +msgstr "候选匹配中（不超过 *n* 个）的最佳匹配将以列表形式返回，按相似度得分排序，最相似的排在最前面。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Compare *a* and *b* (lists of strings); return a :class:`Differ`\\ -style " +"delta (a :term:`generator` generating the delta lines)." +msgstr "" +"比较 *a* 和 *b* (字符串列表)；返回 :class:`Differ` 形式的增量信息 (一个产生增量行的 " +":term:`generator`)。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Optional keyword parameters *linejunk* and *charjunk* are filtering " +"functions (or ``None``):" +msgstr "可选关键字形参 *linejunk* 和 *charjunk* 均为过滤函数 (或为 ``None``)：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:231 +msgid "" +"*linejunk*: A function that accepts a single string argument, and returns " +"true if the string is junk, or false if not. The default is ``None``. There " +"is also a module-level function :func:`IS_LINE_JUNK`, which filters out " +"lines without visible characters, except for at most one pound character " +"(``'#'``) -- however the underlying :class:`SequenceMatcher` class does a " +"dynamic analysis of which lines are so frequent as to constitute noise, and " +"this usually works better than using this function." +msgstr "" +"*linejunk*: 此函数接受单个字符串参数，如果其为垃圾字符串则返回真值，否则返回假值。 默认为 ``None``。 此外还有一个模块层级的函数 " +":func:`IS_LINE_JUNK`，它会过滤掉没有可见字符的行，除非该行添加了至多一个井号符 (``'#'``) -- 但是下层的 " +":class:`SequenceMatcher` 类会动态分析哪些行的重复频繁到足以形成噪音，这通常会比使用此函数的效果更好。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:239 +msgid "" +"*charjunk*: A function that accepts a character (a string of length 1), and " +"returns if the character is junk, or false if not. The default is module-" +"level function :func:`IS_CHARACTER_JUNK`, which filters out whitespace " +"characters (a blank or tab; it's a bad idea to include newline in this!)." +msgstr "" +"*charjunk*: 此函数接受一个字符（长度为 1 的字符串)，如果其为垃圾字符则返回真值，否则返回假值。 默认为模块层级的函数 " +":func:`IS_CHARACTER_JUNK`，它会过滤掉空白字符（空格符或制表符；但包含换行符可不是个好主意！）。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:260 +msgid "Return one of the two sequences that generated a delta." +msgstr "返回两个序列中产生增量的那一个。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Given a *sequence* produced by :meth:`Differ.compare` or :func:`ndiff`, " +"extract lines originating from file 1 or 2 (parameter *which*), stripping " +"off line prefixes." +msgstr "" +"给出一个由 :meth:`Differ.compare` 或 :func:`ndiff` 产生的 *序列*，提取出来自文件 1 或 2 (*which*" +" 形参) 的行，去除行前缀。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:266 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Compare *a* and *b* (lists of strings); return a delta (a :term:`generator` " +"generating the delta lines) in unified diff format." +msgstr "比较 *a* 和 *b* (字符串列表)；返回统一差异格式的增量信息 (一个产生增量行的 :term:`generator`)。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:286 +msgid "" +"Unified diffs are a compact way of showing just the lines that have changed " +"plus a few lines of context. The changes are shown in an inline style " +"(instead of separate before/after blocks). The number of context lines is " +"set by *n* which defaults to three." +msgstr "" +"所以统一差异是一种只显示有更改的行再加几个上下文行的紧凑形式。 更改被显示为内联的样式（而不是分开的之前/之后文本块）。 上下文行数由 *n* " +"设定，默认为三行。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:291 +msgid "" +"By default, the diff control lines (those with ``---``, ``+++``, or ``@@``) " +"are created with a trailing newline. This is helpful so that inputs created" +" from :func:`io.IOBase.readlines` result in diffs that are suitable for use " +"with :func:`io.IOBase.writelines` since both the inputs and outputs have " +"trailing newlines." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，差异控制行 (以 ``---``, ``+++`` 或 ``@@`` 表示) 是通过末尾换行符来创建的。 这样做的好处是从 " +":func:`io.IOBase.readlines` 创建的输入将得到适用于 :func:`io.IOBase.writelines` " +"的差异信息，因为输入和输出都带有末尾换行符。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:300 +msgid "" +"The unified diff format normally has a header for filenames and modification" +" times. Any or all of these may be specified using strings for *fromfile*, " +"*tofile*, *fromfiledate*, and *tofiledate*. The modification times are " +"normally expressed in the ISO 8601 format. If not specified, the strings " +"default to blanks." +msgstr "" +"统一的差异格式通常带有一个记录文件名和修改时间的标头。 这些信息的部分或全部可以使用字符串 *fromfile*, *tofile*, " +"*fromfiledate* 和 *tofiledate* 来指定。 修改时间通常以 ISO 8601 格式表示。 如果未指定，这些字符串将默认为空。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Compare *a* and *b* (lists of bytes objects) using *dfunc*; yield a sequence" +" of delta lines (also bytes) in the format returned by *dfunc*. *dfunc* must" +" be a callable, typically either :func:`unified_diff` or " +":func:`context_diff`." +msgstr "" +"使用 *dfunc* 比较 *a* 和 *b* (字节串对象列表)；产生以 *dfunc* 所返回格式表示的差异行列表（也是字节串）。 *dfunc* " +"必须是可调用对象，通常为 :func:`unified_diff` 或 :func:`context_diff`。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Allows you to compare data with unknown or inconsistent encoding. All inputs" +" except *n* must be bytes objects, not str. Works by losslessly converting " +"all inputs (except *n*) to str, and calling ``dfunc(a, b, fromfile, tofile, " +"fromfiledate, tofiledate, n, lineterm)``. The output of *dfunc* is then " +"converted back to bytes, so the delta lines that you receive have the same " +"unknown/inconsistent encodings as *a* and *b*." +msgstr "" +"允许你比较编码未知或不一致的数据。 除 *n* 之外的所有输入都必须为字节串对象而非字符串。 作用方式为无损地将所有输入 (除 *n* 之外) " +"转换为字符串，并调用 ``dfunc(a, b, fromfile, tofile, fromfiledate, tofiledate, n, " +"lineterm)``。 *dfunc* 的输出会被随即转换回字节串，这样你所得到的增量行将具有与 *a* 和 *b* 相同的未知/不一致编码。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:340 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` for ignorable lines. The line *line* is ignorable if *line*" +" is blank or contains a single ``'#'``, otherwise it is not ignorable. Used" +" as a default for parameter *linejunk* in :func:`ndiff` in older versions." +msgstr "" +"对于可忽略的行返回 ``True``。 如果 *line* 为空行或只包含单个 ``'#'`` 则 *line* 行就是可忽略的，否则就是不可忽略的。 " +"此函数被用作较旧版本 :func:`ndiff` 中 *linejunk* 形参的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` for ignorable characters. The character *ch* is ignorable " +"if *ch* is a space or tab, otherwise it is not ignorable. Used as a default" +" for parameter *charjunk* in :func:`ndiff`." +msgstr "" +"对于可忽略的字符返回 ``True``。 字符 *ch* 如果为空格符或制表符则 *ch* 就是可忽略的，否则就是不可忽略的。 此函数被用作 " +":func:`ndiff` 中 *charjunk* 形参的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:354 +msgid "" +"`Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:355 +msgid "" +"Discussion of a similar algorithm by John W. Ratcliff and D. E. Metzener. " +"This was published in `Dr. Dobb's Journal `_ in " +"July, 1988." +msgstr "" +"John W. Ratcliff 和 D. E. Metzener 对于一种类似算法的讨论。 此文于 1988 年 7 月发表于 `Dr. Dobb's" +" Journal `_。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:362 +msgid "SequenceMatcher Objects" +msgstr "SequenceMatcher 对象" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:364 +msgid "The :class:`SequenceMatcher` class has this constructor:" +msgstr ":class:`SequenceMatcher` 类具有这样的构造器：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *isjunk* must be ``None`` (the default) or a one-argument " +"function that takes a sequence element and returns true if and only if the " +"element is \"junk\" and should be ignored. Passing ``None`` for *isjunk* is " +"equivalent to passing ``lambda x: False``; in other words, no elements are " +"ignored. For example, pass::" +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *isjunk* 必须为 ``None`` (默认值) 或为接受一个序列元素并当且仅当其为应忽略的“垃圾”元素时返回真值的单参数函数。 传入 " +"``None`` 作为 *isjunk* 的值就相当于传入 ``lambda x: False``；也就是说不忽略任何值。 例如，传入::" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:375 +msgid "lambda x: x in \" \\t\"" +msgstr "lambda x: x in \" \\t\"" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:377 +msgid "" +"if you're comparing lines as sequences of characters, and don't want to " +"synch up on blanks or hard tabs." +msgstr "如果你以字符序列的形式对行进行比较，并且不希望区分空格符或硬制表符。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:380 +msgid "" +"The optional arguments *a* and *b* are sequences to be compared; both " +"default to empty strings. The elements of both sequences must be " +":term:`hashable`." +msgstr "可选参数 *a* 和 *b* 为要比较的序列；两者默认为空字符串。 两个序列的元素都必须为 :term:`hashable`。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:383 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *autojunk* can be used to disable the automatic junk " +"heuristic." +msgstr "可选参数 *autojunk* 可用于启用自动垃圾启发式计算。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:389 +msgid "" +"SequenceMatcher objects get three data attributes: *bjunk* is the set of " +"elements of *b* for which *isjunk* is ``True``; *bpopular* is the set of " +"non-junk elements considered popular by the heuristic (if it is not " +"disabled); *b2j* is a dict mapping the remaining elements of *b* to a list " +"of positions where they occur. All three are reset whenever *b* is reset " +"with :meth:`set_seqs` or :meth:`set_seq2`." +msgstr "" +"SequenceMatcher 对象接受三个数据属性: *bjunk* 是 *b* 当中 *isjunk* 为 ``True`` " +"的元素集合；*bpopular* 是被启发式计算（如果其未被禁用）视为热门候选的非垃圾元素集合；*b2j* 是将 *b* " +"当中剩余元素映射到一个它们出现位置列表的字典。 所有三个数据属性将在 *b* 通过 :meth:`set_seqs` 或 " +":meth:`set_seq2` 重置时被重置。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:396 +msgid "The *bjunk* and *bpopular* attributes." +msgstr "*bjunk* 和 *bpopular* 属性。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:399 +msgid ":class:`SequenceMatcher` objects have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`SequenceMatcher` 对象具有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:403 +msgid "Set the two sequences to be compared." +msgstr "设置要比较的两个序列。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:405 +msgid "" +":class:`SequenceMatcher` computes and caches detailed information about the " +"second sequence, so if you want to compare one sequence against many " +"sequences, use :meth:`set_seq2` to set the commonly used sequence once and " +"call :meth:`set_seq1` repeatedly, once for each of the other sequences." +msgstr "" +":class:`SequenceMatcher` 计算并缓存有关第二个序列的详细信息，这样如果你想要将一个序列与多个序列进行比较，可使用 " +":meth:`set_seq2` 一次性地设置该常用序列并重复地对每个其他序列各调用一次 :meth:`set_seq1`。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Set the first sequence to be compared. The second sequence to be compared " +"is not changed." +msgstr "设置要比较的第一个序列。 要比较的第二个序列不会改变。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:419 +msgid "" +"Set the second sequence to be compared. The first sequence to be compared " +"is not changed." +msgstr "设置要比较的第二个序列。 要比较的第一个序列不会改变。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:425 +msgid "Find longest matching block in ``a[alo:ahi]`` and ``b[blo:bhi]``." +msgstr "找出 ``a[alo:ahi]`` 和 ``b[blo:bhi]`` 中的最长匹配块。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:427 +msgid "" +"If *isjunk* was omitted or ``None``, :meth:`find_longest_match` returns " +"``(i, j, k)`` such that ``a[i:i+k]`` is equal to ``b[j:j+k]``, where ``alo " +"<= i <= i+k <= ahi`` and ``blo <= j <= j+k <= bhi``. For all ``(i', j', " +"k')`` meeting those conditions, the additional conditions ``k >= k'``, ``i " +"<= i'``, and if ``i == i'``, ``j <= j'`` are also met. In other words, of " +"all maximal matching blocks, return one that starts earliest in *a*, and of " +"all those maximal matching blocks that start earliest in *a*, return the one" +" that starts earliest in *b*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *isjunk* 被省略或为 ``None``，:meth:`find_longest_match` 将返回 ``(i, j, k)`` 使得 " +"``a[i:i+k]`` 等于 ``b[j:j+k]``，其中 ``alo <= i <= i+k <= ahi`` 并且 ``blo <= j <= " +"j+k <= bhi``。 对于所有满足这些条件的 ``(i', j', k')``，如果 ``i == i'``, ``j <= j'`` " +"也被满足，则附加条件 ``k >= k'``, ``i <= i'``。 换句话说，对于所有最长匹配块，返回在 *a* 当中最先出现的一个，而对于在 " +"*a* 当中最先出现的所有最长匹配块，则返回在 *b* 当中最先出现的一个。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:440 +msgid "" +"If *isjunk* was provided, first the longest matching block is determined as " +"above, but with the additional restriction that no junk element appears in " +"the block. Then that block is extended as far as possible by matching " +"(only) junk elements on both sides. So the resulting block never matches on " +"junk except as identical junk happens to be adjacent to an interesting " +"match." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了 *isjunk*，将按上述规则确定第一个最长匹配块，但额外附加不允许块内出现垃圾元素的限制。 " +"然后将通过（仅）匹配两边的垃圾元素来尽可能地扩展该块。 这样结果块绝对不会匹配垃圾元素，除非同样的垃圾元素正好与有意义的匹配相邻。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:447 +msgid "" +"Here's the same example as before, but considering blanks to be junk. That " +"prevents ``' abcd'`` from matching the ``' abcd'`` at the tail end of the " +"second sequence directly. Instead only the ``'abcd'`` can match, and " +"matches the leftmost ``'abcd'`` in the second sequence:" +msgstr "" +"这是与之前相同的例子，但是将空格符视为垃圾。 这将防止 ``' abcd'`` 直接与第二个序列末尾的 ``' abcd'`` 相匹配。 而只可以匹配 " +"``'abcd'``，并且是匹配第二个序列最左边的 ``'abcd'``：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:456 +msgid "If no blocks match, this returns ``(alo, blo, 0)``." +msgstr "如果未找到匹配块，此方法将返回 ``(alo, blo, 0)``。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:458 +msgid "This method returns a :term:`named tuple` ``Match(a, b, size)``." +msgstr "此方法将返回一个 :term:`named tuple` ``Match(a, b, size)``。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:460 +msgid "Added default arguments." +msgstr "加入默认参数。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Return list of triples describing non-overlapping matching subsequences. " +"Each triple is of the form ``(i, j, n)``, and means that ``a[i:i+n] == " +"b[j:j+n]``. The triples are monotonically increasing in *i* and *j*." +msgstr "" +"返回描述非重叠匹配子序列的三元组列表。 每个三元组的形式为 ``(i, j, n)``，其含义为 ``a[i:i+n] == b[j:j+n]``。 " +"这些三元组按 *i* 和 *j* 单调递增排列。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:471 +msgid "" +"The last triple is a dummy, and has the value ``(len(a), len(b), 0)``. It " +"is the only triple with ``n == 0``. If ``(i, j, n)`` and ``(i', j', n')`` " +"are adjacent triples in the list, and the second is not the last triple in " +"the list, then ``i+n < i'`` or ``j+n < j'``; in other words, adjacent " +"triples always describe non-adjacent equal blocks." +msgstr "" +"最后一个三元组用于占位，其值为 ``(len(a), len(b), 0)``。 它是唯一 ``n == 0`` 的三元组。 如果 ``(i, j, " +"n)`` 和 ``(i', j', n')`` 是在列表中相邻的三元组，且后者不是列表中的最后一个三元组，则 ``i+n < i'`` 或 ``j+n " +"< j'``；换句话说，相邻的三元组总是描述非相邻的相等块。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:479 +msgid "" +">>> s = SequenceMatcher(None, \"abxcd\", \"abcd\")\n" +">>> s.get_matching_blocks()\n" +"[Match(a=0, b=0, size=2), Match(a=3, b=2, size=2), Match(a=5, b=4, size=0)]" +msgstr "" +">>> s = SequenceMatcher(None, \"abxcd\", \"abcd\")\n" +">>> s.get_matching_blocks()\n" +"[Match(a=0, b=0, size=2), Match(a=3, b=2, size=2), Match(a=5, b=4, size=0)]" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:488 +msgid "" +"Return list of 5-tuples describing how to turn *a* into *b*. Each tuple is " +"of the form ``(tag, i1, i2, j1, j2)``. The first tuple has ``i1 == j1 == " +"0``, and remaining tuples have *i1* equal to the *i2* from the preceding " +"tuple, and, likewise, *j1* equal to the previous *j2*." +msgstr "" +"返回描述如何将 *a* 变为 *b* 的 5 元组列表，每个元组的形式为 ``(tag, i1, i2, j1, j2)``。 在第一个元组中 ``i1" +" == j1 == 0``，而在其余的元组中 *i1* 等于前一个元组的 *i2*，并且 *j1* 也等于前一个元组的 *j2*。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:493 +msgid "The *tag* values are strings, with these meanings:" +msgstr "*tag* 值为字符串，其含义如下：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:496 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:498 +msgid "``'replace'``" +msgstr "``'replace'``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:498 +msgid "``a[i1:i2]`` should be replaced by ``b[j1:j2]``." +msgstr "``a[i1:i2]`` 应由 ``b[j1:j2]`` 替换。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:501 +msgid "``'delete'``" +msgstr "``'delete'``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:501 +msgid "``a[i1:i2]`` should be deleted. Note that ``j1 == j2`` in this case." +msgstr "``a[i1:i2]`` 应被删除。 请注意在此情况下 ``j1 == j2``。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:504 +msgid "``'insert'``" +msgstr "``'insert'``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:504 +msgid "" +"``b[j1:j2]`` should be inserted at ``a[i1:i1]``. Note that ``i1 == i2`` in " +"this case." +msgstr "``b[j1:j2]`` 应插入到 ``a[i1:i1]``。 请注意在此情况下 ``i1 == i2``。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:508 +msgid "``'equal'``" +msgstr "``'equal'``" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:508 +msgid "``a[i1:i2] == b[j1:j2]`` (the sub-sequences are equal)." +msgstr "``a[i1:i2] == b[j1:j2]`` (两个子序列相同)。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:512 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:514 +msgid "" +">>> a = \"qabxcd\"\n" +">>> b = \"abycdf\"\n" +">>> s = SequenceMatcher(None, a, b)\n" +">>> for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in s.get_opcodes():\n" +"... print('{:7} a[{}:{}] --> b[{}:{}] {!r:>8} --> {!r}'.format(\n" +"... tag, i1, i2, j1, j2, a[i1:i2], b[j1:j2]))\n" +"delete a[0:1] --> b[0:0] 'q' --> ''\n" +"equal a[1:3] --> b[0:2] 'ab' --> 'ab'\n" +"replace a[3:4] --> b[2:3] 'x' --> 'y'\n" +"equal a[4:6] --> b[3:5] 'cd' --> 'cd'\n" +"insert a[6:6] --> b[5:6] '' --> 'f'" +msgstr "" +">>> a = \"qabxcd\"\n" +">>> b = \"abycdf\"\n" +">>> s = SequenceMatcher(None, a, b)\n" +">>> for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in s.get_opcodes():\n" +"... print('{:7} a[{}:{}] --> b[{}:{}] {!r:>8} --> {!r}'.format(\n" +"... tag, i1, i2, j1, j2, a[i1:i2], b[j1:j2]))\n" +"delete a[0:1] --> b[0:0] 'q' --> ''\n" +"equal a[1:3] --> b[0:2] 'ab' --> 'ab'\n" +"replace a[3:4] --> b[2:3] 'x' --> 'y'\n" +"equal a[4:6] --> b[3:5] 'cd' --> 'cd'\n" +"insert a[6:6] --> b[5:6] '' --> 'f'" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:529 +msgid "Return a :term:`generator` of groups with up to *n* lines of context." +msgstr "返回一个带有最多 *n* 行上下文的分组的 :term:`generator`。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Starting with the groups returned by :meth:`get_opcodes`, this method splits" +" out smaller change clusters and eliminates intervening ranges which have no" +" changes." +msgstr "从 :meth:`get_opcodes` 所返回的组开始，此方法会拆分出较小的更改簇并消除没有更改的间隔区域。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:535 +msgid "The groups are returned in the same format as :meth:`get_opcodes`." +msgstr "这些分组以与 :meth:`get_opcodes` 相同的格式返回。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Return a measure of the sequences' similarity as a float in the range [0, " +"1]." +msgstr "返回一个取值范围 [0, 1] 的浮点数作为序列相似性度量。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Where T is the total number of elements in both sequences, and M is the " +"number of matches, this is 2.0\\*M / T. Note that this is ``1.0`` if the " +"sequences are identical, and ``0.0`` if they have nothing in common." +msgstr "" +"其中 T 是两个序列中元素的总数量，M 是匹配的数量，即 2.0\\*M / T。 请注意如果两个序列完全相同则该值为 " +"``1.0``，如果两者完全不同则为 ``0.0``。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:547 +msgid "" +"This is expensive to compute if :meth:`get_matching_blocks` or " +":meth:`get_opcodes` hasn't already been called, in which case you may want " +"to try :meth:`quick_ratio` or :meth:`real_quick_ratio` first to get an upper" +" bound." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`get_matching_blocks` 或 :meth:`get_opcodes` " +"尚未被调用则此方法运算消耗较大，在此情况下你可能需要先调用 :meth:`quick_ratio` 或 :meth:`real_quick_ratio`" +" 来获取一个上界。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Caution: The result of a :meth:`ratio` call may depend on the order of the " +"arguments. For instance::" +msgstr "注意: :meth:`ratio` 调用的结果可能会取决于参数的顺序。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:557 +msgid "" +">>> SequenceMatcher(None, 'tide', 'diet').ratio()\n" +"0.25\n" +">>> SequenceMatcher(None, 'diet', 'tide').ratio()\n" +"0.5" +msgstr "" +">>> SequenceMatcher(None, 'tide', 'diet').ratio()\n" +"0.25\n" +">>> SequenceMatcher(None, 'diet', 'tide').ratio()\n" +"0.5" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:565 +msgid "Return an upper bound on :meth:`ratio` relatively quickly." +msgstr "相对快速地返回一个 :meth:`ratio` 的上界。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:570 +msgid "Return an upper bound on :meth:`ratio` very quickly." +msgstr "非常快速地返回一个 :meth:`ratio` 的上界。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:573 +msgid "" +"The three methods that return the ratio of matching to total characters can " +"give different results due to differing levels of approximation, although " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.quick_ratio` and " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.real_quick_ratio` are always at least as large as " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.ratio`:" +msgstr "" +"这三个返回匹配部分点总字符数之比的三种方法可能由于不同的近似级别而给出不同的结果，但是 " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.quick_ratio` 和 " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.real_quick_ratio` 总是会至少与 " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.ratio` 一样大：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:590 +msgid "SequenceMatcher Examples" +msgstr "SequenceMatcher 的示例" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:592 +msgid "This example compares two strings, considering blanks to be \"junk\":" +msgstr "以下示例比较两个字符串，并将空格视为“垃圾”：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:598 +msgid "" +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.ratio` returns a float in [0, 1], measuring the " +"similarity of the sequences. As a rule of thumb, a " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.ratio` value over 0.6 means the sequences are close " +"matches:" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.ratio` 返回一个 [0, 1] 范围内的浮点数，用来衡量序列的相似度。 " +"根据经验，:meth:`~SequenceMatcher.ratio` 值超过 0.6 就意味着两个序列非常接近匹配：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:605 +msgid "" +"If you're only interested in where the sequences match, " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.get_matching_blocks` is handy:" +msgstr "如果您只对序列的匹配的位置感兴趣，则 :meth:`~SequenceMatcher.get_matching_blocks` 就很方便：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Note that the last tuple returned by " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.get_matching_blocks` is always a dummy, ``(len(a), " +"len(b), 0)``, and this is the only case in which the last tuple element " +"(number of elements matched) is ``0``." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :meth:`~SequenceMatcher.get_matching_blocks` 返回的最后一个元组 ``(len(a), " +"len(b), 0)`` 始终只用于占位，这也是元组的末尾元素（匹配的元素个数）为 ``0`` 的唯一情况。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:618 +msgid "" +"If you want to know how to change the first sequence into the second, use " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.get_opcodes`:" +msgstr "如果你想要知道如何将第一个序列转成第二个序列，可以使用 :meth:`~SequenceMatcher.get_opcodes`:" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:629 +msgid "" +"The :func:`get_close_matches` function in this module which shows how simple" +" code building on :class:`SequenceMatcher` can be used to do useful work." +msgstr "" +"此模块中的 :func:`get_close_matches` 函数显示了如何基于 :class:`SequenceMatcher` " +"构建简单的代码来执行有用的功能。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:633 +msgid "" +"`Simple version control recipe " +"`_ for " +"a small application built with :class:`SequenceMatcher`." +msgstr "" +"针对使用 :class:`SequenceMatcher` 构建的小型应用程序的 `简易版本控制方案 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:641 +msgid "Differ Objects" +msgstr "Differ 对象" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:643 +msgid "" +"Note that :class:`Differ`\\ -generated deltas make no claim to be " +"**minimal** diffs. To the contrary, minimal diffs are often counter-" +"intuitive, because they synch up anywhere possible, sometimes accidental " +"matches 100 pages apart. Restricting synch points to contiguous matches " +"preserves some notion of locality, at the occasional cost of producing a " +"longer diff." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :class:`Differ` 所生成的增量并不保证是 **最小** 差异。 " +"相反，最小差异往往是违反直觉的，因为它们会同步任何可能的地方，有时甚至意外产生相距 100 页的匹配。 " +"将同步点限制为连续匹配保留了一些局部性概念，这偶尔会带来产生更长差异的代价。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:649 +msgid "The :class:`Differ` class has this constructor:" +msgstr ":class:`Differ` 类具有这样的构造器：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:655 +msgid "" +"Optional keyword parameters *linejunk* and *charjunk* are for filter " +"functions (or ``None``):" +msgstr "可选关键字形参 *linejunk* 和 *charjunk* 均为过滤函数 (或为 ``None``)：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:658 +msgid "" +"*linejunk*: A function that accepts a single string argument, and returns " +"true if the string is junk. The default is ``None``, meaning that no line " +"is considered junk." +msgstr "" +"*linejunk*: 接受单个字符串作为参数的函数，如果其为垃圾字符串则返回真值。 默认值为 ``None``，意味着没有任何行会被视为垃圾行。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:662 +msgid "" +"*charjunk*: A function that accepts a single character argument (a string of" +" length 1), and returns true if the character is junk. The default is " +"``None``, meaning that no character is considered junk." +msgstr "" +"*charjunk*: 接受单个字符（长度为 1 的字符串）作为参数的函数，如果其为垃圾字符则返回真值。 默认值为 " +"``None``，意味着没有任何字符会被视为垃圾字符。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:666 +msgid "" +"These junk-filtering functions speed up matching to find differences and do " +"not cause any differing lines or characters to be ignored. Read the " +"description of the :meth:`~SequenceMatcher.find_longest_match` method's " +"*isjunk* parameter for an explanation." +msgstr "" +"这些垃圾过滤函数可加快查找差异的匹配速度，并且不会导致任何差异行或字符被忽略。 请阅读 " +":meth:`~SequenceMatcher.find_longest_match` 方法的 *isjunk* 形参的描述了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:672 +msgid "" +":class:`Differ` objects are used (deltas generated) via a single method:" +msgstr ":class:`Differ` 对象是通过一个单独方法来使用（生成增量）的：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:677 +msgid "" +"Compare two sequences of lines, and generate the delta (a sequence of " +"lines)." +msgstr "比较两个由行组成的序列，并生成增量（一个由行组成的序列）。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:679 +msgid "" +"Each sequence must contain individual single-line strings ending with " +"newlines. Such sequences can be obtained from the " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` method of file-like objects. The delta " +"generated also consists of newline-terminated strings, ready to be printed " +"as-is via the :meth:`~io.IOBase.writelines` method of a file-like object." +msgstr "" +"每个序列必须包含一个以换行符结尾的单行字符串。 这样的序列可以通过文件型对象的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` 方法来获取。 " +"所生成的增量同样由以换行符结尾的字符串构成，可以通过文件型对象的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.writelines` 方法原样打印出来。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:690 +msgid "Differ Example" +msgstr "Differ 示例" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:692 +msgid "" +"This example compares two texts. First we set up the texts, sequences of " +"individual single-line strings ending with newlines (such sequences can also" +" be obtained from the :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` method of file-like " +"objects):" +msgstr "" +"此示例比较两段文本。 首先我们设置文本为以换行符结尾的单行字符串组成的序列（这样的序列也可以通过文件型对象的 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` 方法来获取）：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:711 +msgid "Next we instantiate a Differ object:" +msgstr "接下来我们实例化一个 Differ 对象：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:715 +msgid "" +"Note that when instantiating a :class:`Differ` object we may pass functions " +"to filter out line and character \"junk.\" See the :meth:`Differ` " +"constructor for details." +msgstr "" +"请注意在实例化 :class:`Differ` 对象时我们可以传入函数来过滤掉“垃圾”行和字符。 详情参见 :meth:`Differ` 构造器说明。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:719 +msgid "Finally, we compare the two:" +msgstr "最后，我们比较两个序列：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:723 +msgid "``result`` is a list of strings, so let's pretty-print it:" +msgstr "``result`` 是一个字符串列表，让我们将其美化打印出来：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:738 +msgid "As a single multi-line string it looks like this:" +msgstr "作为单独的多行字符串显示出来则是这样：" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:757 +msgid "A command-line interface to difflib" +msgstr "difflib 的命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:759 +msgid "" +"This example shows how to use difflib to create a ``diff``-like utility." +msgstr "这个例子演示了如何使用 difflib 来创建类似 ``diff`` 的工具。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:761 +msgid "" +"\"\"\" Command line interface to difflib.py providing diffs in four formats:\n" +"\n" +"* ndiff: lists every line and highlights interline changes.\n" +"* context: highlights clusters of changes in a before/after format.\n" +"* unified: highlights clusters of changes in an inline format.\n" +"* html: generates side by side comparison with change highlights.\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"import sys, os, difflib, argparse\n" +"from datetime import datetime, timezone\n" +"\n" +"def file_mtime(path):\n" +" t = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.stat(path).st_mtime,\n" +" timezone.utc)\n" +" return t.astimezone().isoformat()\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +"\n" +" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +" parser.add_argument('-c', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce a context format diff (default)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-u', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce a unified format diff')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-m', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce HTML side by side diff '\n" +" '(can use -c and -l in conjunction)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-n', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce a ndiff format diff')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-l', '--lines', type=int, default=3,\n" +" help='Set number of context lines (default 3)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('fromfile')\n" +" parser.add_argument('tofile')\n" +" options = parser.parse_args()\n" +"\n" +" n = options.lines\n" +" fromfile = options.fromfile\n" +" tofile = options.tofile\n" +"\n" +" fromdate = file_mtime(fromfile)\n" +" todate = file_mtime(tofile)\n" +" with open(fromfile) as ff:\n" +" fromlines = ff.readlines()\n" +" with open(tofile) as tf:\n" +" tolines = tf.readlines()\n" +"\n" +" if options.u:\n" +" diff = difflib.unified_diff(fromlines, tolines, fromfile, tofile, fromdate, todate, n=n)\n" +" elif options.n:\n" +" diff = difflib.ndiff(fromlines, tolines)\n" +" elif options.m:\n" +" diff = difflib.HtmlDiff().make_file(fromlines,tolines,fromfile,tofile,context=options.c,numlines=n)\n" +" else:\n" +" diff = difflib.context_diff(fromlines, tolines, fromfile, tofile, fromdate, todate, n=n)\n" +"\n" +" sys.stdout.writelines(diff)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()\n" +msgstr "" +"\"\"\" difflib.py 的命令行接口，提供四种格式的 diff：\n" +"\n" +"* ndiff: 列出每一行并高亮各行间的变化。\n" +"* context: 以前/后格式高亮变化内容集。\n" +"* unified: 以内联格式高亮变化内容集。\n" +"* html: 生成高亮变化内容的并排比较。\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"import sys, os, difflib, argparse\n" +"from datetime import datetime, timezone\n" +"\n" +"def file_mtime(path):\n" +" t = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.stat(path).st_mtime,\n" +" timezone.utc)\n" +" return t.astimezone().isoformat()\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +"\n" +" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +" parser.add_argument('-c', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce a context format diff (default)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-u', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce a unified format diff')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-m', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce HTML side by side diff '\n" +" '(can use -c and -l in conjunction)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-n', action='store_true', default=False,\n" +" help='Produce a ndiff format diff')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-l', '--lines', type=int, default=3,\n" +" help='Set number of context lines (default 3)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('fromfile')\n" +" parser.add_argument('tofile')\n" +" options = parser.parse_args()\n" +"\n" +" n = options.lines\n" +" fromfile = options.fromfile\n" +" tofile = options.tofile\n" +"\n" +" fromdate = file_mtime(fromfile)\n" +" todate = file_mtime(tofile)\n" +" with open(fromfile) as ff:\n" +" fromlines = ff.readlines()\n" +" with open(tofile) as tf:\n" +" tolines = tf.readlines()\n" +"\n" +" if options.u:\n" +" diff = difflib.unified_diff(fromlines, tolines, fromfile, tofile, fromdate, todate, n=n)\n" +" elif options.n:\n" +" diff = difflib.ndiff(fromlines, tolines)\n" +" elif options.m:\n" +" diff = difflib.HtmlDiff().make_file(fromlines,tolines,fromfile,tofile,context=options.c,numlines=n)\n" +" else:\n" +" diff = difflib.context_diff(fromlines, tolines, fromfile, tofile, fromdate, todate, n=n)\n" +"\n" +" sys.stdout.writelines(diff)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()\n" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:764 +msgid "ndiff example" +msgstr "ndiff 示例" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:766 +msgid "This example shows how to use :func:`difflib.ndiff`." +msgstr "这个例子演示了如何使用 :func:`difflib.ndiff`。" + +#: ../../library/difflib.rst:768 +msgid "" +"\"\"\"ndiff [-q] file1 file2\n" +" or\n" +"ndiff (-r1 | -r2) < ndiff_output > file1_or_file2\n" +"\n" +"Print a human-friendly file difference report to stdout. Both inter-\n" +"and intra-line differences are noted. In the second form, recreate file1\n" +"(-r1) or file2 (-r2) on stdout, from an ndiff report on stdin.\n" +"\n" +"In the first form, if -q (\"quiet\") is not specified, the first two lines\n" +"of output are\n" +"\n" +"-: file1\n" +"+: file2\n" +"\n" +"Each remaining line begins with a two-letter code:\n" +"\n" +" \"- \" line unique to file1\n" +" \"+ \" line unique to file2\n" +" \" \" line common to both files\n" +" \"? \" line not present in either input file\n" +"\n" +"Lines beginning with \"? \" attempt to guide the eye to intraline\n" +"differences, and were not present in either input file. These lines can be\n" +"confusing if the source files contain tab characters.\n" +"\n" +"The first file can be recovered by retaining only lines that begin with\n" +"\" \" or \"- \", and deleting those 2-character prefixes; use ndiff with -r1.\n" +"\n" +"The second file can be recovered similarly, but by retaining only \" \" and\n" +"\"+ \" lines; use ndiff with -r2; or, on Unix, the second file can be\n" +"recovered by piping the output through\n" +"\n" +" sed -n '/^[+ ] /s/^..//p'\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"__version__ = 1, 7, 0\n" +"\n" +"import difflib, sys\n" +"\n" +"def fail(msg):\n" +" out = sys.stderr.write\n" +" out(msg + \"\\n\\n\")\n" +" out(__doc__)\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +"# open a file & return the file object; gripe and return 0 if it\n" +"# couldn't be opened\n" +"def fopen(fname):\n" +" try:\n" +" return open(fname)\n" +" except IOError as detail:\n" +" return fail(\"couldn't open \" + fname + \": \" + str(detail))\n" +"\n" +"# open two files & spray the diff to stdout; return false iff a problem\n" +"def fcompare(f1name, f2name):\n" +" f1 = fopen(f1name)\n" +" f2 = fopen(f2name)\n" +" if not f1 or not f2:\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +" a = f1.readlines(); f1.close()\n" +" b = f2.readlines(); f2.close()\n" +" for line in difflib.ndiff(a, b):\n" +" print(line, end=' ')\n" +"\n" +" return 1\n" +"\n" +"# crack args (sys.argv[1:] is normal) & compare;\n" +"# return false iff a problem\n" +"\n" +"def main(args):\n" +" import getopt\n" +" try:\n" +" opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, \"qr:\")\n" +" except getopt.error as detail:\n" +" return fail(str(detail))\n" +" noisy = 1\n" +" qseen = rseen = 0\n" +" for opt, val in opts:\n" +" if opt == \"-q\":\n" +" qseen = 1\n" +" noisy = 0\n" +" elif opt == \"-r\":\n" +" rseen = 1\n" +" whichfile = val\n" +" if qseen and rseen:\n" +" return fail(\"can't specify both -q and -r\")\n" +" if rseen:\n" +" if args:\n" +" return fail(\"no args allowed with -r option\")\n" +" if whichfile in (\"1\", \"2\"):\n" +" restore(whichfile)\n" +" return 1\n" +" return fail(\"-r value must be 1 or 2\")\n" +" if len(args) != 2:\n" +" return fail(\"need 2 filename args\")\n" +" f1name, f2name = args\n" +" if noisy:\n" +" print('-:', f1name)\n" +" print('+:', f2name)\n" +" return fcompare(f1name, f2name)\n" +"\n" +"# read ndiff output from stdin, and print file1 (which=='1') or\n" +"# file2 (which=='2') to stdout\n" +"\n" +"def restore(which):\n" +" restored = difflib.restore(sys.stdin.readlines(), which)\n" +" sys.stdout.writelines(restored)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main(sys.argv[1:])\n" +msgstr "" +"\"\"\"ndiff [-q] file1 file2\n" +" 或\n" +"ndiff (-r1 | -r2) < ndiff_output > file1_or_file2\n" +"\n" +"打印对人类友好的文件差异报告至标准输出。 将会标明\n" +"行间与行内差异。 在第二种形式下，会根据标准输入上的\n" +"ndiff 报告在标准输出上重建 file1 (-r1) 或 file2 (-r2)。\n" +"\n" +"在第一种形式下，如果未指明 -q (\"quiet\")，则输出的\n" +"前两行为\n" +"\n" +"-: file1\n" +"+: file2\n" +"\n" +"其余的每一行将以两个字符的代码打头：\n" +"\n" +" \"- \" 行不同于 file1\n" +" \"+ \" 行不同于 file2\n" +" \" \" 行在两个文件中相同\n" +" \"? \" 行不存在于某一个输入文件\n" +"\n" +"以 \"? \" 打头的行会尝试关注行内差异，并且\n" +"不存在于某一个输入文件中。 当源文件包含\n" +"制表符时这些行可能会令人迷惑。\n" +"\n" +"第一个文件可通过只保留以\" \" 或 \"- \" 打头的行，\n" +"并删除那些 2 字符前缀来恢复；使用 ndiff 时传入 -r1。\n" +"\n" +"第二个文件可通过类似方式来恢复，即只保留\n" +"\" \" 和 \"+ \" 打头的行；使用 ndiff 并传入 -r2；或者\n" +"在 Unix 上，第二个文件可通过管道操作来恢复\n" +"\n" +" sed -n '/^[+ ] /s/^..//p'\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"__version__ = 1, 7, 0\n" +"\n" +"import difflib, sys\n" +"\n" +"def fail(msg):\n" +" out = sys.stderr.write\n" +" out(msg + \"\\n\\n\")\n" +" out(__doc__)\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +"# 打开一个文件并返回文件对象；如无法打开文件\n" +"# 则返回 0\n" +"def fopen(fname):\n" +" try:\n" +" return open(fname)\n" +" except IOError as detail:\n" +" return fail(\"couldn't open \" + fname + \": \" + str(detail))\n" +"\n" +"# 打开两个文件并报告差异至标准输出；如有问题则返回假值\n" +"def fcompare(f1name, f2name):\n" +" f1 = fopen(f1name)\n" +" f2 = fopen(f2name)\n" +" if not f1 or not f2:\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +" a = f1.readlines(); f1.close()\n" +" b = f2.readlines(); f2.close()\n" +" for line in difflib.ndiff(a, b):\n" +" print(line, end=' ')\n" +"\n" +" return 1\n" +"\n" +"# 解析参数 (sys.argv[1:] 正常) 并进行比较；\n" +"# 如有问题则返回假值\n" +"\n" +"def main(args):\n" +" import getopt\n" +" try:\n" +" opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, \"qr:\")\n" +" except getopt.error as detail:\n" +" return fail(str(detail))\n" +" noisy = 1\n" +" qseen = rseen = 0\n" +" for opt, val in opts:\n" +" if opt == \"-q\":\n" +" qseen = 1\n" +" noisy = 0\n" +" elif opt == \"-r\":\n" +" rseen = 1\n" +" whichfile = val\n" +" if qseen and rseen:\n" +" return fail(\"can't specify both -q and -r\")\n" +" if rseen:\n" +" if args:\n" +" return fail(\"no args allowed with -r option\")\n" +" if whichfile in (\"1\", \"2\"):\n" +" restore(whichfile)\n" +" return 1\n" +" return fail(\"-r value must be 1 or 2\")\n" +" if len(args) != 2:\n" +" return fail(\"need 2 filename args\")\n" +" f1name, f2name = args\n" +" if noisy:\n" +" print('-:', f1name)\n" +" print('+:', f2name)\n" +" return fcompare(f1name, f2name)\n" +"\n" +"# 从标准输入读取 ndiff 输出，并打印 file1 (which=='1') 或\n" +"# file2 (which=='2') 到标准输出\n" +"\n" +"def restore(which):\n" +" restored = difflib.restore(sys.stdin.readlines(), which)\n" +" sys.stdout.writelines(restored)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main(sys.argv[1:])\n" diff --git a/library/dis.po b/library/dis.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d35747413 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/dis.po @@ -0,0 +1,2498 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 云line, 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# lqks, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!dis` --- Disassembler for Python bytecode" +msgstr ":mod:`!dis` --- Python 字节码反汇编器" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dis.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/dis.py`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dis` module supports the analysis of CPython :term:`bytecode` by " +"disassembling it. The CPython bytecode which this module takes as an input " +"is defined in the file :file:`Include/opcode.h` and used by the compiler and" +" the interpreter." +msgstr "" +":mod:`dis` 模块通过反汇编支持CPython的 :term:`bytecode` 分析。该模块作为输入的 CPython 字节码在文件 " +":file:`Include/opcode.h` 中定义，并由编译器和解释器使用。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Bytecode is an implementation detail of the CPython interpreter. No " +"guarantees are made that bytecode will not be added, removed, or changed " +"between versions of Python. Use of this module should not be considered to " +"work across Python VMs or Python releases." +msgstr "" +"字节码是 CPython 解释器的实现细节。不保证不会在Python版本之间添加、删除或更改字节码。不应考虑将此模块的跨 Python VM 或 " +"Python 版本的使用。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Use 2 bytes for each instruction. Previously the number of bytes varied by " +"instruction." +msgstr "每条指令使用2个字节。以前字节数因指令而异。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The argument of jump, exception handling and loop instructions is now the " +"instruction offset rather than the byte offset." +msgstr "跳转、异常处理和循环指令的参数现在将为指令偏移量而不是字节偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Some instructions are accompanied by one or more inline cache entries, which" +" take the form of :opcode:`CACHE` instructions. These instructions are " +"hidden by default, but can be shown by passing ``show_caches=True`` to any " +":mod:`dis` utility. Furthermore, the interpreter now adapts the bytecode to " +"specialize it for different runtime conditions. The adaptive bytecode can be" +" shown by passing ``adaptive=True``." +msgstr "" +"有些指令带有一个或多个内联缓存条目，它们是采用 :opcode:`CACHE` 指令的形式。 这些指令默认是隐藏的，但可以通过将 " +"``show_caches=True`` 传给任何 :mod:`dis` 工具对象来显示。 " +"此外，解释器现在会适配字节码以使其能针对不同的运行时条件实现专门化。 适配的字节码可通过传入 ``adaptive=True`` 来显示。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The argument of a jump is the offset of the target instruction relative to " +"the instruction that appears immediately after the jump instruction's " +":opcode:`CACHE` entries." +msgstr "跳转的参数是目标指令相对于紧接在跳转指令的 :opcode:`CACHE` 条目之后的指令的偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:50 +msgid "" +"As a consequence, the presence of the :opcode:`CACHE` instructions is " +"transparent for forward jumps but needs to be taken into account when " +"reasoning about backward jumps." +msgstr "因此，:opcode:`CACHE` 指令的存在对前向跳转是透明的但在处理后向跳转时则需要将其纳入考虑。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:54 +msgid "" +"The output shows logical labels rather than instruction offsets for jump " +"targets and exception handlers. The ``-O`` command line option and the " +"``show_offsets`` argument were added." +msgstr "对于跳转目标和异常处理器输出将显示逻辑标签而不是指令偏移量。 增加了 ``-O`` 命令行选项和 ``show_offsets`` 参数。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:59 +msgid "Example: Given the function :func:`!myfunc`::" +msgstr "示例：给定函数 :func:`!myfunc`::" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:61 +msgid "" +"def myfunc(alist):\n" +" return len(alist)" +msgstr "" +"def myfunc(alist):\n" +" return len(alist)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:64 +msgid "" +"the following command can be used to display the disassembly of " +":func:`!myfunc`:" +msgstr "可以使用以下命令显示 :func:`!myfunc` 的反汇编：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:67 +msgid "" +">>> dis.dis(myfunc)\n" +" 2 RESUME 0\n" +"\n" +" 3 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (len + NULL)\n" +" LOAD_FAST 0 (alist)\n" +" CALL 1\n" +" RETURN_VALUE" +msgstr "" +">>> dis.dis(myfunc)\n" +" 2 RESUME 0\n" +"\n" +" 3 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (len + NULL)\n" +" LOAD_FAST 0 (alist)\n" +" CALL 1\n" +" RETURN_VALUE" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:77 +msgid "(The \"2\" is a line number)." +msgstr "(\"2\" 是行号)。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:82 +msgid "Command-line interface" +msgstr "命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:84 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dis` module can be invoked as a script from the command line:" +msgstr ":mod:`dis` 模块可以在命令行下作为一个脚本来唤起：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:86 +msgid "python -m dis [-h] [-C] [-O] [infile]" +msgstr "python -m dis [-h] [-C] [-O] [infile]" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:90 +msgid "The following options are accepted:" +msgstr "可以接受以下选项：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:96 +msgid "Display usage and exit." +msgstr "显示用法并退出。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:100 +msgid "Show inline caches." +msgstr "显示内联缓存。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:106 +msgid "Show offsets of instructions." +msgstr "显示指令偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:110 +msgid "" +"If :file:`infile` is specified, its disassembled code will be written to " +"stdout. Otherwise, disassembly is performed on compiled source code received" +" from stdin." +msgstr "如果指定了 :file:`infile`，其反汇编代码将被写入到标准输出。 在其他情况下，反汇编将在从标准输入接收的已编译源代码上进行。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:114 +msgid "Bytecode analysis" +msgstr "字节码分析" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The bytecode analysis API allows pieces of Python code to be wrapped in a " +":class:`Bytecode` object that provides easy access to details of the " +"compiled code." +msgstr "字节码分析 API 允许将 Python 代码片段包装在 :class:`Bytecode` 对象中，以便轻松访问已编译代码的详细信息。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Analyse the bytecode corresponding to a function, generator, asynchronous " +"generator, coroutine, method, string of source code, or a code object (as " +"returned by :func:`compile`)." +msgstr "分析的字节码对应于函数、生成器、异步生成器、协程、方法、源代码字符串或代码对象（由 :func:`compile` 返回）。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:129 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience wrapper around many of the functions listed below, " +"most notably :func:`get_instructions`, as iterating over a :class:`Bytecode`" +" instance yields the bytecode operations as :class:`Instruction` instances." +msgstr "" +"这是下面列出的许多函数的便利包装，最值得注意的是 :func:`get_instructions` ，迭代于 :class:`Bytecode` " +"的实例产生字节码操作 :class:`Instruction` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:133 ../../library/dis.rst:330 +msgid "" +"If *first_line* is not ``None``, it indicates the line number that should be" +" reported for the first source line in the disassembled code. Otherwise, " +"the source line information (if any) is taken directly from the disassembled" +" code object." +msgstr "" +"如果 *first_line* 不是 ``None`` " +"，则表示应该为反汇编代码中的第一个源代码行报告的行号。否则，源行信息（如果有的话）直接来自反汇编的代码对象。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:138 +msgid "" +"If *current_offset* is not ``None``, it refers to an instruction offset in " +"the disassembled code. Setting this means :meth:`.dis` will display a " +"\"current instruction\" marker against the specified opcode." +msgstr "" +"如果 *current_offset* 不是 ``None`` ，它指的就是汇编代码中的指令偏移量。设置它意味着 :meth:`.dis` " +"将针对指定的操作码显示“当前指令”标记。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:142 +msgid "" +"If *show_caches* is ``True``, :meth:`.dis` will display inline cache entries" +" used by the interpreter to specialize the bytecode." +msgstr "如果 *show_caches* 为 ``True``，:meth:`.dis` 将显示解释器用来专门化字节码的内联缓存条目。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:145 +msgid "" +"If *adaptive* is ``True``, :meth:`.dis` will display specialized bytecode " +"that may be different from the original bytecode." +msgstr "如果 *adaptive* 为 ``True``，:meth:`.dis` 将显示可能不同于原始字节码的专门化字节码。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:148 +msgid "" +"If *show_offsets* is ``True``, :meth:`.dis` will include instruction offsets" +" in the output." +msgstr "若 *show_offsets* 是 ``True``，:meth:`.dis` 的输出将会显示指令偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Construct a :class:`Bytecode` instance from the given traceback, setting " +"*current_offset* to the instruction responsible for the exception." +msgstr "从给定回溯构造一个 :class:`Bytecode` 实例，将设置 *current_offset* 为异常负责的指令。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:158 +msgid "The compiled code object." +msgstr "已编译的代码对象。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:162 +msgid "The first source line of the code object (if available)" +msgstr "代码对象的第一个源代码行（如果可用）" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Return a formatted view of the bytecode operations (the same as printed by " +":func:`dis.dis`, but returned as a multi-line string)." +msgstr "返回字节码操作的格式化视图（与 :func:`dis.dis` 打印相同，但作为多行字符串返回）。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Return a formatted multi-line string with detailed information about the " +"code object, like :func:`code_info`." +msgstr "返回带有关于代码对象的详细信息的格式化多行字符串，如 :func:`code_info` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:174 ../../library/dis.rst:214 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:266 +msgid "This can now handle coroutine and asynchronous generator objects." +msgstr "现在可以处理协程和异步生成器对象。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:177 ../../library/dis.rst:269 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:286 ../../library/dis.rst:316 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:339 +msgid "Added the *show_caches* and *adaptive* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *show_caches* 和 *adaptive* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:180 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:182 +msgid "" +">>> bytecode = dis.Bytecode(myfunc)\n" +">>> for instr in bytecode:\n" +"... print(instr.opname)\n" +"...\n" +"RESUME\n" +"LOAD_GLOBAL\n" +"LOAD_FAST\n" +"CALL\n" +"RETURN_VALUE" +msgstr "" +">>> bytecode = dis.Bytecode(myfunc)\n" +">>> for instr in bytecode:\n" +"... print(instr.opname)\n" +"...\n" +"RESUME\n" +"LOAD_GLOBAL\n" +"LOAD_FAST\n" +"CALL\n" +"RETURN_VALUE" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:196 +msgid "Analysis functions" +msgstr "分析函数" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:198 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dis` module also defines the following analysis functions that " +"convert the input directly to the desired output. They can be useful if only" +" a single operation is being performed, so the intermediate analysis object " +"isn't useful:" +msgstr ":mod:`dis` 模块还定义了以下分析函数，它们将输入直接转换为所需的输出。如果只执行单个操作，它们可能很有用，因此中间分析对象没用：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Return a formatted multi-line string with detailed code object information " +"for the supplied function, generator, asynchronous generator, coroutine, " +"method, source code string or code object." +msgstr "返回格式化的多行字符串，其包含详细代码对象信息的用于被提供的函数、生成器、异步生成器、协程、方法、源代码字符串或代码对象。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Note that the exact contents of code info strings are highly implementation " +"dependent and they may change arbitrarily across Python VMs or Python " +"releases." +msgstr "请注意，代码信息字符串的确切内容是高度依赖于实现的，它们可能会在Python VM或Python版本中任意更改。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Print detailed code object information for the supplied function, method, " +"source code string or code object to *file* (or ``sys.stdout`` if *file* is " +"not specified)." +msgstr "" +"将提供的函数、方法。源代码字符串或代码对象的详细代码对象信息打印到 *file* （如果未指定 *file* ，则为 ``sys.stdout`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:224 +msgid "" +"This is a convenient shorthand for ``print(code_info(x), file=file)``, " +"intended for interactive exploration at the interpreter prompt." +msgstr "这是 ``print(code_info(x), file=file)`` 的便捷简写，用于在解释器提示符下进行交互式探索。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:229 ../../library/dis.rst:260 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:283 ../../library/dis.rst:313 +msgid "Added *file* parameter." +msgstr "添加 *file* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:235 +msgid "" +"Disassemble the *x* object. *x* can denote either a module, a class, a " +"method, a function, a generator, an asynchronous generator, a coroutine, a " +"code object, a string of source code or a byte sequence of raw bytecode. For" +" a module, it disassembles all functions. For a class, it disassembles all " +"methods (including class and static methods). For a code object or sequence " +"of raw bytecode, it prints one line per bytecode instruction. It also " +"recursively disassembles nested code objects. These can include generator " +"expressions, nested functions, the bodies of nested classes, and the code " +"objects used for :ref:`annotation scopes `. Strings are " +"first compiled to code objects with the :func:`compile` built-in function " +"before being disassembled. If no object is provided, this function " +"disassembles the last traceback." +msgstr "" +"反汇编 *x* 对象。 *x* 可以表示模块、类、方法、函数、生成器、异步生成器、协程、代码对象、源代码字符串或原始字节码的字节序列。 " +"对于模块，它会反汇编所有函数。 对于一个类，它会反汇编所有方法（包括类方法和静态方法）。 对于代码对象或原始字节码序列，它会为每条字节码指令打印一行。 " +"它还会递归地反汇编嵌套代码对象。 这些对象包括生成器表达式、嵌套函数、嵌套类的语句体以及用于 :ref:`标注作用域 ` 的代码对象。 在反汇编之前，首先使用 :func:`compile` 内置函数将字符串编译为代码对象。 " +"如果未提供任何对象，则该函数将反汇编最后一次回溯。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:248 ../../library/dis.rst:280 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:310 +msgid "" +"The disassembly is written as text to the supplied *file* argument if " +"provided and to ``sys.stdout`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果提供的话，反汇编将作为文本写入提供的 *file* 参数，否则写入 ``sys.stdout`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:251 +msgid "" +"The maximal depth of recursion is limited by *depth* unless it is ``None``. " +"``depth=0`` means no recursion." +msgstr "递归的最大深度受 *depth* 限制，除非它是 ``None`` 。 ``depth=0`` 表示没有递归。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:254 +msgid "" +"If *show_caches* is ``True``, this function will display inline cache " +"entries used by the interpreter to specialize the bytecode." +msgstr "如果 *show_caches* 为 ``True``，此函数将显示解释器用来专门化字节码的内联缓存条目。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:257 +msgid "" +"If *adaptive* is ``True``, this function will display specialized bytecode " +"that may be different from the original bytecode." +msgstr "如果 *adaptive* 为 ``True``，此函数将显示可能不同于原始字节码的专门化字节码。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:263 +msgid "Implemented recursive disassembling and added *depth* parameter." +msgstr "实现了递归反汇编并添加了 *depth* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Disassemble the top-of-stack function of a traceback, using the last " +"traceback if none was passed. The instruction causing the exception is " +"indicated." +msgstr "如果没有传递，则使用最后一个回溯来反汇编回溯的堆栈顶部函数。 指示了导致异常的指令。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:289 ../../library/dis.rst:319 +msgid "Added the *show_offsets* parameter." +msgstr "添加了*show_offsets*参数。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:296 +msgid "" +"Disassemble a code object, indicating the last instruction if *lasti* was " +"provided. The output is divided in the following columns:" +msgstr "反汇编代码对象，如果提供了 *lasti* ，则指示最后一条指令。输出分为以下几列：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:299 +msgid "the line number, for the first instruction of each line" +msgstr "行号，用于每行的第一条指令" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:300 +msgid "the current instruction, indicated as ``-->``," +msgstr "当前指令，表示为 ``-->`` ，" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:301 +msgid "a labelled instruction, indicated with ``>>``," +msgstr "一个标记的指令，用 ``>>`` 表示，" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:302 +msgid "the address of the instruction," +msgstr "指令的地址，" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:303 +msgid "the operation code name," +msgstr "操作码名称，" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:304 +msgid "operation parameters, and" +msgstr "操作参数，和" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:305 +msgid "interpretation of the parameters in parentheses." +msgstr "括号中参数的解释。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The parameter interpretation recognizes local and global variable names, " +"constant values, branch targets, and compare operators." +msgstr "参数解释识别本地和全局变量名称、常量值、分支目标和比较运算符。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over the instructions in the supplied function, method, " +"source code string or code object." +msgstr "在所提供的函数、方法、源代码字符串或代码对象中的指令上返回一个迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:327 +msgid "" +"The iterator generates a series of :class:`Instruction` named tuples giving " +"the details of each operation in the supplied code." +msgstr "迭代器生成一系列 :class:`Instruction` ，命名为元组，提供所提供代码中每个操作的详细信息。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:335 +msgid "The *adaptive* parameter works as it does in :func:`dis`." +msgstr "参数 *adaptive* 和其在 :func:`dis` 中的工作方式一样。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:342 +msgid "" +"The *show_caches* parameter is deprecated and has no effect. The iterator " +"generates the :class:`Instruction` instances with the *cache_info* field " +"populated (regardless of the value of *show_caches*) and it no longer " +"generates separate items for the cache entries." +msgstr "" +"*show_caches* 参数被弃用并且失效。 迭代器保证 :class:`Instruction` 实例一定有 *cache_info* 字段（无论" +" *show_caches* 传入什么），不再生成单独的缓存项。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:350 +msgid "" +"This generator function uses the :meth:`~codeobject.co_lines` method of the " +":ref:`code object ` *code* to find the offsets which are " +"starts of lines in the source code. They are generated as ``(offset, " +"lineno)`` pairs." +msgstr "" +"这个生成器函数使用 :ref:`代码对象 ` *code* 的 :meth:`~codeobject.co_lines` " +"方法来查找源代码中行开头的偏移量。 它们将作为 ``(offset, lineno)`` 对被生成。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:355 +msgid "Line numbers can be decreasing. Before, they were always increasing." +msgstr "行号可能会减少。 以前，他们总是在增加。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The :pep:`626` :meth:`~codeobject.co_lines` method is used instead of the " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_firstlineno` and :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` " +"attributes of the :ref:`code object `." +msgstr "" +"使用 :pep:`626` :meth:`~codeobject.co_lines` 方法而不是 :ref:`代码对象 ` " +"的 :attr:`~codeobject.co_firstlineno` 和 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Line numbers can be ``None`` for bytecode that does not map to source lines." +msgstr "若字节码不对应任何一行，行号可以是``None``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Detect all offsets in the raw compiled bytecode string *code* which are jump" +" targets, and return a list of these offsets." +msgstr "检测作为跳转目标的原始编译后字节码字符串 *code* 中的所有偏移量，并返回这些偏移量的列表。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:375 +msgid "Compute the stack effect of *opcode* with argument *oparg*." +msgstr "使用参数 *oparg* 计算 *opcode* 的堆栈效果。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:377 +msgid "" +"If the code has a jump target and *jump* is ``True``, :func:`~stack_effect` " +"will return the stack effect of jumping. If *jump* is ``False``, it will " +"return the stack effect of not jumping. And if *jump* is ``None`` (default)," +" it will return the maximal stack effect of both cases." +msgstr "" +"如果代码有一个跳转目标并且 *jump* 是 ``True`` ，则 :func:`~drag_effect` 将返回跳转的堆栈效果。如果 *jump*" +" 是 ``False`` ，它将返回不跳跃的堆栈效果。如果 *jump* 是 ``None`` （默认值），它将返回两种情况的最大堆栈效果。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:384 +msgid "Added *jump* parameter." +msgstr "添加 *jump* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:387 +msgid "" +"If ``oparg`` is omitted (or ``None``), the stack effect is now returned for " +"``oparg=0``. Previously this was an error for opcodes that use their arg. It" +" is also no longer an error to pass an integer ``oparg`` when the ``opcode``" +" does not use it; the ``oparg`` in this case is ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果``oparg`` 被省略（或传入``None`` ），过去如果字节码使用参数，此时会抛出错误，而现在会返回``oparg=0``时的结果 " +"。当``opcode`` 不使用整数 ``oparg`` 时，传入的``oparg``将被忽略，不会抛出错误。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:397 +msgid "Python Bytecode Instructions" +msgstr "Python字节码说明" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:399 +msgid "" +"The :func:`get_instructions` function and :class:`Bytecode` class provide " +"details of bytecode instructions as :class:`Instruction` instances:" +msgstr "" +":func:`get_instructions` 函数和 :class:`Bytecode` 类提供字节码指令的详细信息的 " +":class:`Instruction` 实例：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:404 +msgid "Details for a bytecode operation" +msgstr "字节码操作的详细信息" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:408 +msgid "" +"numeric code for operation, corresponding to the opcode values listed below " +"and the bytecode values in the :ref:`opcode_collections`." +msgstr "操作的数字代码，对应于下面列出的操作码值和 :ref:`opcode_collections` 中的字节码值。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:414 +msgid "human readable name for operation" +msgstr "人类可读的操作名称" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:419 +msgid "" +"numeric code for the base operation if operation is specialized; otherwise " +"equal to :data:`opcode`" +msgstr "如果操作是专用的则为基本操作的数字码；否则等于 :data:`opcode`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:425 +msgid "" +"human readable name for the base operation if operation is specialized; " +"otherwise equal to :data:`opname`" +msgstr "如果操作是专用的则为基本操作的人类易读的名称；否则等于 :data:`opname`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:431 +msgid "numeric argument to operation (if any), otherwise ``None``" +msgstr "操作的数字参数（如果有的话），否则为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:435 +msgid "alias for :data:`arg`" +msgstr ":data:`arg` 的别名" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:439 +msgid "resolved arg value (if any), otherwise ``None``" +msgstr "已解析的 arg 值（如果有的话），否则为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:444 +msgid "" +"human readable description of operation argument (if any), otherwise an " +"empty string." +msgstr "人类可读的操作参数（如果存在）的描述，否则为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:450 +msgid "start index of operation within bytecode sequence" +msgstr "在字节码序列中的起始操作索引" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:455 +msgid "" +"start index of operation within bytecode sequence, including prefixed " +"``EXTENDED_ARG`` operations if present; otherwise equal to :data:`offset`" +msgstr "在字节码序列中的起始索引，包括前面的 ``EXTENDED_ARG`` 操作（如有），否则和 :data:`offset` 相等。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:461 +msgid "start index of the cache entries following the operation" +msgstr "在操作后面的缓存条目的起始索引" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:466 +msgid "end index of the cache entries following the operation" +msgstr "操作后面的缓存条目的结束索引" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:471 +msgid "``True`` if this opcode starts a source line, otherwise ``False``" +msgstr "如果这个操作在源代码行的开始，为``True``，否则为``False``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:476 +msgid "" +"source line number associated with this opcode (if any), otherwise ``None``" +msgstr "操作码对应的源代码行号（如有），否则为``None``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:481 +msgid "``True`` if other code jumps to here, otherwise ``False``" +msgstr "如果其他代码跳到这里，则为 ``True`` ，否则为 ``False``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:486 +msgid "" +"bytecode index of the jump target if this is a jump operation, otherwise " +"``None``" +msgstr "跳转的目标的字节码索引，如果有跳转操作，否则为``None``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:492 +msgid "" +":class:`dis.Positions` object holding the start and end locations that are " +"covered by this instruction." +msgstr ":class:`dis.Positions` 对象保存了这条指令所涵盖的起始和结束位置。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Information about the cache entries of this instruction, as triplets of the " +"form ``(name, size, data)``, where the ``name`` and ``size`` describe the " +"cache format and data is the contents of the cache. ``cache_info`` is " +"``None`` if the instruction does not have caches." +msgstr "" +"有关该指令的缓存条目的信息，为 ``(name, size, data)`` 形式的三元组，其中 ``name`` 和 ``size`` " +"描述缓存的格式而 data 为缓存的内容。 如果指令没有缓存则 ``cache_info`` 为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:507 +msgid "Field ``positions`` is added." +msgstr "增加了 ``positions`` 字段。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:511 +msgid "Changed field ``starts_line``." +msgstr "更改了字段``starts_line``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Added fields ``start_offset``, ``cache_offset``, ``end_offset``, " +"``baseopname``, ``baseopcode``, ``jump_target``, ``oparg``, ``line_number`` " +"and ``cache_info``." +msgstr "" +"添加了字段``start_offset``、``cache_offset``、``end_offset``、``baseopname``、``baseopcode``、``jump_target``、``oparg``、``line_number``和``cache_info``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:520 +msgid "" +"In case the information is not available, some fields might be ``None``." +msgstr "考虑到此信息不可用的情况，某些字段可能为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:530 +msgid "" +"The Python compiler currently generates the following bytecode instructions." +msgstr "Python编译器当前生成以下字节码指令。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:533 +msgid "**General instructions**" +msgstr "**一般指令**" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:535 +msgid "" +"In the following, We will refer to the interpreter stack as ``STACK`` and " +"describe operations on it as if it was a Python list. The top of the stack " +"corresponds to ``STACK[-1]`` in this language." +msgstr "" +"在下文中，我们将把解释器栈称为 ``STACK`` 并像描述 Python 列表一样描述对它的操作。 栈顶对应于该语言中的 ``STACK[-1]``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:541 +msgid "" +"Do nothing code. Used as a placeholder by the bytecode optimizer, and to " +"generate line tracing events." +msgstr "无操作代码。 被字节码优化器用作占位符，以及生成行追踪事件。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:547 +msgid "Removes the top-of-stack item::" +msgstr "移除除堆栈顶部的项：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:549 +msgid "STACK.pop()" +msgstr "STACK.pop()" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Removes the top-of-stack item. Equivalent to ``POP_TOP``. Used to clean up " +"at the end of loops, hence the name." +msgstr "移除栈顶。 等价于 ``POP_TOP``。用于循环结束时的清理，因此而得名。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:563 +msgid "Implements ``del STACK[-2]``. Used to clean up when a generator exits." +msgstr "实现 ``del STACK[-2]``。 用于在生成器退出时进行清理。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:571 +msgid "" +"Push the i-th item to the top of the stack without removing it from its " +"original location::" +msgstr "将第 *i* 项推入栈顶，并不移除原项：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:574 +msgid "" +"assert i > 0\n" +"STACK.append(STACK[-i])" +msgstr "" +"assert i > 0\n" +"STACK.append(STACK[-i])" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:582 +msgid "Swap the top of the stack with the i-th element::" +msgstr "将栈顶的项与栈中第 *i* 项互换：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:584 +msgid "STACK[-i], STACK[-1] = STACK[-1], STACK[-i]" +msgstr "STACK[-i], STACK[-1] = STACK[-1], STACK[-i]" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:591 +msgid "" +"Rather than being an actual instruction, this opcode is used to mark extra " +"space for the interpreter to cache useful data directly in the bytecode " +"itself. It is automatically hidden by all ``dis`` utilities, but can be " +"viewed with ``show_caches=True``." +msgstr "" +"此操作码不是真正的指令，它被用来为解释器标记额外空间以便在字节码中直接缓存有用的数据。 它会被所有 ``dis`` 工具自动隐藏，但可以通过 " +"``show_caches=True`` 来查看。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:596 +msgid "" +"Logically, this space is part of the preceding instruction. Many opcodes " +"expect to be followed by an exact number of caches, and will instruct the " +"interpreter to skip over them at runtime." +msgstr "从逻辑上说，此空间是之前的指令的组成部分。 许多操作码都预期带有固定数量的缓存，并会指示解释器在运行时跳过它们。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:600 +msgid "" +"Populated caches can look like arbitrary instructions, so great care should " +"be taken when reading or modifying raw, adaptive bytecode containing " +"quickened data." +msgstr "被填充的缓存看起来可以像是任意的指令，因此在读取或修改包含快取数据的原始自适应字节码时应当非常小心。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:607 +msgid "**Unary operations**" +msgstr "**一元操作**" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:609 +msgid "" +"Unary operations take the top of the stack, apply the operation, and push " +"the result back on the stack." +msgstr "一元操作获取堆栈顶部元素，应用操作，并将结果推回堆栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:615 +msgid "Implements ``STACK[-1] = -STACK[-1]``." +msgstr "实现 ``STACK[-1] = -STACK[-1]`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:620 +msgid "Implements ``STACK[-1] = not STACK[-1]``." +msgstr "实现 ``STACK[-1] = not STACK[-1]`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:622 ../../library/dis.rst:1318 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1334 +msgid "This instruction now requires an exact :class:`bool` operand." +msgstr "现在，操作对象需要是 :class:`bool` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:628 +msgid "Implements ``STACK[-1] = ~STACK[-1]``." +msgstr "实现 ``STACK[-1] = ~STACK[-1]`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:633 +msgid "Implements ``STACK[-1] = iter(STACK[-1])``." +msgstr "实现 ``STACK[-1] = iter(STACK[-1])`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:638 +msgid "" +"If ``STACK[-1]`` is a :term:`generator iterator` or :term:`coroutine` object" +" it is left as is. Otherwise, implements ``STACK[-1] = iter(STACK[-1])``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 是一个 :term:`generator iterator` 或 :term:`coroutine` " +"对象则它将保持原样。 否则，将实现 ``STACK[-1] = iter(STACK[-1])``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:646 +msgid "Implements ``STACK[-1] = bool(STACK[-1])``." +msgstr "实现``STACK[-1] = bool(STACK[-1])``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:651 +msgid "**Binary and in-place operations**" +msgstr "**双目和原地操作**" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Binary operations remove the top two items from the stack (``STACK[-1]`` and" +" ``STACK[-2]``). They perform the operation, then put the result back on the" +" stack." +msgstr "双目操作移除栈顶的两项（ ``STACK[-1]`` 和 ``STACK[-2]`` ），执行其运算操作，并将结果放回栈中。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:656 +msgid "" +"In-place operations are like binary operations, but the operation is done " +"in-place when ``STACK[-2]`` supports it, and the resulting ``STACK[-1]`` may" +" be (but does not have to be) the original ``STACK[-2]``." +msgstr "" +"原地操作类似于双目操作，但当 ``STACK[-2]`` 支持时，操作将在原地进行。 结果 ``STACK[-1]`` 可能（但不一定）是原先 " +"``STACK[-2]`` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:663 +msgid "" +"Implements the binary and in-place operators (depending on the value of " +"*op*)::" +msgstr "实现双目和原地操作运算符（取决于 *op* 的值）：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:666 +msgid "" +"rhs = STACK.pop()\n" +"lhs = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(lhs op rhs)" +msgstr "" +"rhs = STACK.pop()\n" +"lhs = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(lhs op rhs)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:675 ../../library/dis.rst:684 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:694 ../../library/dis.rst:702 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:714 ../../library/dis.rst:802 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:812 ../../library/dis.rst:822 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1046 ../../library/dis.rst:1057 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1161 ../../library/dis.rst:1173 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1185 +msgid "Implements::" +msgstr "实现：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:677 +msgid "" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(container[key])" +msgstr "" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(container[key])" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:686 +msgid "" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"container[key] = value" +msgstr "" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"container[key] = value" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:696 +msgid "" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"del container[key]" +msgstr "" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"del container[key]" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:704 +msgid "" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(container[start:end])" +msgstr "" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(container[start:end])" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:716 +msgid "" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"values = STACK.pop()\n" +"container[start:end] = value" +msgstr "" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"container = STACK.pop()\n" +"values = STACK.pop()\n" +"container[start:end] = value" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:725 +msgid "**Coroutine opcodes**" +msgstr "**协程操作码**" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Implements ``STACK[-1] = get_awaitable(STACK[-1])``, where " +"``get_awaitable(o)`` returns ``o`` if ``o`` is a coroutine object or a " +"generator object with the :data:`~inspect.CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE` flag, or " +"resolves ``o.__await__``." +msgstr "" +"实现 ``STACK[-1] = get_awaitable(STACK[-1])`` 。其中对于 ``get_awaitable(o)`` ，当 " +"``o`` 是一个有 :data:`~inspect.CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE` 旗标的协程对象或生成器对象时，返回 " +"``o``，否则解析 ``o.__await__`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:734 +msgid "" +"If the ``where`` operand is nonzero, it indicates where the instruction " +"occurs:" +msgstr "如果 ``where`` 操作数为非零值，则表示指令所在的位置:" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:737 +msgid "``1``: After a call to ``__aenter__``" +msgstr "``1``：在调用 ``__aenter__`` 之后" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:738 +msgid "``2``: After a call to ``__aexit__``" +msgstr "``2``：在调用 ``__aexit__`` 之后" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:742 +msgid "Previously, this instruction did not have an oparg." +msgstr "在之前版本中，该指令没有 oparg。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:748 +msgid "Implements ``STACK[-1] = STACK[-1].__aiter__()``." +msgstr "实现 ``STACK[-1] = STACK[-1].__aiter__()``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:751 +msgid "Returning awaitable objects from ``__aiter__`` is no longer supported." +msgstr "已经不再支持从 ``__aiter__`` 返回可等待对象。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:758 +msgid "" +"Implement ``STACK.append(get_awaitable(STACK[-1].__anext__()))`` to the " +"stack. See ``GET_AWAITABLE`` for details about ``get_awaitable``." +msgstr "" +"对堆栈实现 ``STACK.append(get_awaitable(STACK[-1].__anext__()))`` 。 关于 " +"``get_awaitable`` 的细节，见 ``GET_AWAITABLE`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:766 +msgid "" +"Terminates an :keyword:`async for` loop. Handles an exception raised when " +"awaiting a next item. The stack contains the async iterable in ``STACK[-2]``" +" and the raised exception in ``STACK[-1]``. Both are popped. If the " +"exception is not :exc:`StopAsyncIteration`, it is re-raised." +msgstr "" +"终结一个 :keyword:`async for` 循环。 在等待下一项时处理被引发的异常。 栈包含了 ``STACK[-2]`` 中的异步可迭代对象和" +" ``STACK[-1]`` 中的已引发异常。 两者都将被弹出。 如果异常不是 :exc:`StopAsyncIteration`，它会被重新引发。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:773 ../../library/dis.rst:881 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:892 +msgid "" +"Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items." +msgstr "栈中的异常表示形式现在将由一个而不是三个条目组成。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Handles an exception raised during a :meth:`~generator.throw` or " +":meth:`~generator.close` call through the current frame. If ``STACK[-1]`` " +"is an instance of :exc:`StopIteration`, pop three values from the stack and " +"push its ``value`` member. Otherwise, re-raise ``STACK[-1]``." +msgstr "" +"处理当前帧中由调用 :meth:`~generator.throw` 或 :meth:`~generator.close` 引发的异常。 如果 " +"``STACK[-1]`` 是 :exc:`StopIteration` 的实例，则从栈中弹出三个值，并将其成员 ``value`` " +"的值推入栈中，否则重新引发 ``STACK[-1]`` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:789 +msgid "" +"Resolves ``__aenter__`` and ``__aexit__`` from ``STACK[-1]``. Pushes " +"``__aexit__`` and result of ``__aenter__()`` to the stack::" +msgstr "" +"从 ``STACK[-1]`` 解析 ``__aenter__`` 和 ``__aexit__`` 。 将 ``__aexit__`` 和 " +"``__aenter__()`` 的结果推入栈中：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:792 +msgid "STACK.extend((__aexit__, __aenter__())" +msgstr "STACK.extend((__aexit__, __aenter__())" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:798 +msgid "**Miscellaneous opcodes**" +msgstr "**其他操作码**" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:804 +msgid "" +"item = STACK.pop()\n" +"set.add(STACK[-i], item)" +msgstr "" +"item = STACK.pop()\n" +"set.add(STACK[-i], item)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:807 +msgid "Used to implement set comprehensions." +msgstr "用于实现集合推导式。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:814 +msgid "" +"item = STACK.pop()\n" +"list.append(STACK[-i], item)" +msgstr "" +"item = STACK.pop()\n" +"list.append(STACK[-i], item)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:817 +msgid "Used to implement list comprehensions." +msgstr "用于实现列表推导式。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:824 +msgid "" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"dict.__setitem__(STACK[-i], key, value)" +msgstr "" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"key = STACK.pop()\n" +"dict.__setitem__(STACK[-i], key, value)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:828 +msgid "Used to implement dict comprehensions." +msgstr "用于实现字典推导式。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:831 +msgid "" +"Map value is ``STACK[-1]`` and map key is ``STACK[-2]``. Before, those were " +"reversed." +msgstr "映射的值为 ``STACK[-1]`` ，映射的键为 ``STACK[-2]`` 。之前它们是反过来的。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:835 +msgid "" +"For all of the :opcode:`SET_ADD`, :opcode:`LIST_APPEND` and " +":opcode:`MAP_ADD` instructions, while the added value or key/value pair is " +"popped off, the container object remains on the stack so that it is " +"available for further iterations of the loop." +msgstr "" +"对于所有 :opcode:`SET_ADD` 、 :opcode:`LIST_APPEND` 和 :opcode:`MAP_ADD` " +"指令，当弹出添加的值或键值对时，容器对象保留在堆栈上，以便它可用于循环的进一步迭代。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:843 +msgid "Returns with ``STACK[-1]`` to the caller of the function." +msgstr "返回 ``STACK[-1]`` 给函数的调用者。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:848 +msgid "Returns with ``co_consts[consti]`` to the caller of the function." +msgstr "返回 ``co_consts[consti]`` 给函数的调用者。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:855 +msgid "Yields ``STACK.pop()`` from a :term:`generator`." +msgstr "从 :term:`generator` 产生 ``STACK.pop()``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:857 +msgid "oparg set to be the stack depth." +msgstr "oparg 被设为堆栈深度。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:860 +msgid "" +"oparg set to be the exception block depth, for efficient closing of " +"generators." +msgstr "oparg 被设为异常块的深度，以确保关闭生成器的效率。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:863 +msgid "" +"oparg is ``1`` if this instruction is part of a yield-from or await, and " +"``0`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果该指令是 yield-from 或 await 的一部分则 oparg 为 ``1``，否则为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:869 +msgid "" +"Checks whether ``__annotations__`` is defined in ``locals()``, if not it is " +"set up to an empty ``dict``. This opcode is only emitted if a class or " +"module body contains :term:`variable annotations ` " +"statically." +msgstr "" +"检查 ``__annotations__`` 是否在 ``locals()`` 中定义，如果没有，它被设置为空 ``dict`` " +"。只有在类或模块体静态地包含 :term:`variable annotations ` 时才会发出此操作码。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:879 +msgid "" +"Pops a value from the stack, which is used to restore the exception state." +msgstr "从栈中弹出一个值，它将被用来恢复异常状态。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:886 +msgid "" +"Re-raises the exception currently on top of the stack. If oparg is non-zero," +" pops an additional value from the stack which is used to set " +":attr:`~frame.f_lasti` of the current frame." +msgstr "" +"重新引发当前位于栈顶的异常。 如果 oparg 为非零值，则从栈顶额外弹出一个值用来设置当前帧的 :attr:`~frame.f_lasti`。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:897 +msgid "" +"Pops a value from the stack. Pushes the current exception to the top of the " +"stack. Pushes the value originally popped back to the stack. Used in " +"exception handlers." +msgstr "从栈中弹出一个值。 将当前异常推入栈顶。 将原先被弹出的值推回栈。 在异常处理器中使用。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:905 +msgid "" +"Performs exception matching for ``except``. Tests whether the ``STACK[-2]`` " +"is an exception matching ``STACK[-1]``. Pops ``STACK[-1]`` and pushes the " +"boolean result of the test." +msgstr "" +"为 ``except`` 执行异常匹配。 检测 ``STACK[-2]`` 是否为匹配 ``STACK[-1]`` 的异常。 弹出 " +"``STACK[-1]`` 并将测试的布尔值结果推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:913 +msgid "" +"Performs exception matching for ``except*``. Applies ``split(STACK[-1])`` on" +" the exception group representing ``STACK[-2]``." +msgstr "为 ``except*`` 执行异常匹配。 在代表 ``STACK[-2]`` 的异常组上应用 ``split(STACK[-1])``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:916 +msgid "" +"In case of a match, pops two items from the stack and pushes the non-" +"matching subgroup (``None`` in case of full match) followed by the matching " +"subgroup. When there is no match, pops one item (the match type) and pushes " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"在匹配的情况下，从栈中弹出两项并推入不匹配的子分组 (如完全匹配则为 ``None``) 以及匹配的子分组。 当没有任何匹配时，则弹出一项 (匹配类型)" +" 并推入 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:925 +msgid "" +"Calls the function in position 4 on the stack with arguments (type, val, tb)" +" representing the exception at the top of the stack. Used to implement the " +"call ``context_manager.__exit__(*exc_info())`` when an exception has " +"occurred in a :keyword:`with` statement." +msgstr "" +"调用栈中 4 号位置上的函数并附带代表位于栈顶的异常的参数 (type, val, tb)。 用于在 :keyword:`with` " +"语句内发生异常时实现调用 ``context_manager.__exit__(*exc_info())``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:932 +msgid "" +"The ``__exit__`` function is in position 4 of the stack rather than 7. " +"Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items." +msgstr "``__exit__`` 函数位于栈的 4 号位而不是 7 号位。 栈中的异常表示形式现在由一项而不是三项组成。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:939 +msgid "" +"Pushes :exc:`AssertionError` onto the stack. Used by the :keyword:`assert` " +"statement." +msgstr "将 :exc:`AssertionError` 推入栈顶。 由 :keyword:`assert` 语句使用。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:947 +msgid "" +"Pushes :func:`!builtins.__build_class__` onto the stack. It is later called" +" to construct a class." +msgstr "将 :func:`!builtins.__build_class__` 推入栈中。 之后它将会被调用来构造一个类。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:953 +msgid "" +"This opcode performs several operations before a with block starts. First, " +"it loads :meth:`~object.__exit__` from the context manager and pushes it " +"onto the stack for later use by :opcode:`WITH_EXCEPT_START`. Then, " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` is called. Finally, the result of calling the " +"``__enter__()`` method is pushed onto the stack." +msgstr "" +"此操作码会在 with 代码块开始之前执行多个操作。 首先，它将从上下文管理器加载 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 并将其推入栈顶以供" +" :opcode:`WITH_EXCEPT_START` 后续使用。 然后，将调用 :meth:`~object.__enter__`。 最后，将调用 " +"``__enter__()`` 方法的结果推入栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Perform ``STACK.append(len(STACK[-1]))``. Used in :keyword:`match` " +"statements where comparison with structure of pattern is needed." +msgstr "" +"执行 ``STACK.append(len(STACK[-1]))``。 当需要与模式结构体进行比较时在 :keyword:`match` 语句中使用。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:972 +msgid "" +"If ``STACK[-1]`` is an instance of :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` (or, " +"more technically: if it has the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` flag set in " +"its :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`), push ``True`` onto the stack. " +"Otherwise, push ``False``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 是 :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 的实例（或者更准确地说：如果在它的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 中设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` 旗标），则将" +" ``True`` 推入栈顶。 否则，推入 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:982 +msgid "" +"If ``STACK[-1]`` is an instance of :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` and is " +"*not* an instance of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`/:class:`bytearray` (or, " +"more technically: if it has the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` flag set in " +"its :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags`), push ``True`` onto the stack. " +"Otherwise, push ``False``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 是 :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 的实例而 *不是* " +":class:`str`/:class:`bytes`/:class:`bytearray` 的实例（或者更准确地说：如果在它的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` 中设置了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` " +"旗标），则将 ``True`` 推入栈顶。 否则 ，推入 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:992 +msgid "" +"``STACK[-1]`` is a tuple of mapping keys, and ``STACK[-2]`` is the match " +"subject. If ``STACK[-2]`` contains all of the keys in ``STACK[-1]``, push a " +":class:`tuple` containing the corresponding values. Otherwise, push " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"``STACK[-1]`` 是一个映射键的元组，而 ``STACK[-2]`` 是匹配目标。 如果 ``STACK[-2]`` 包含 " +"``STACK[-1]`` 中的所有键，则推入一个包含对应值的 :class:`tuple`。 在其他情况下，推入 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:998 ../../library/dis.rst:1684 +msgid "" +"Previously, this instruction also pushed a boolean value indicating success " +"(``True``) or failure (``False``)." +msgstr "在之前的版本中，该指令还会推入一个表示成功 (``True``) 或失败 (``False``) 的布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"Implements ``name = STACK.pop()``. *namei* is the index of *name* in the " +"attribute :attr:`~codeobject.co_names` of the :ref:`code object `. The compiler tries to use :opcode:`STORE_FAST` or " +":opcode:`STORE_GLOBAL` if possible." +msgstr "" +"实现 ``name = STACK.pop()``。 *namei* 是 *name* 在 :ref:`代码对象 ` 的 " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_names` 属性中的索引。 在可能的情况下编译器会尝试使用 :opcode:`STORE_FAST` 或 " +":opcode:`STORE_GLOBAL`。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"Implements ``del name``, where *namei* is the index into " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_names` attribute of the :ref:`code object `." +msgstr "" +"实现 ``del name``，其中 *namei* 是 :ref:`代码对象 ` 的 " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_names` 属性的索引。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1018 +msgid "" +"Unpacks ``STACK[-1]`` into *count* individual values, which are put onto the" +" stack right-to-left. Require there to be exactly *count* values.::" +msgstr "将 ``STACK[-1]`` 解包为 *count* 个单独的值，然后自右向左放入栈中。要求有确切的 *count* 值：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1021 +msgid "" +"assert(len(STACK[-1]) == count)\n" +"STACK.extend(STACK.pop()[:-count-1:-1])" +msgstr "" +"assert(len(STACK[-1]) == count)\n" +"STACK.extend(STACK.pop()[:-count-1:-1])" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"Implements assignment with a starred target: Unpacks an iterable in " +"``STACK[-1]`` into individual values, where the total number of values can " +"be smaller than the number of items in the iterable: one of the new values " +"will be a list of all leftover items." +msgstr "" +"实现带星号目标的赋值：将 ``STACK[-1]`` 中的可迭代对象解包为各个单独的值。 " +"值的总数可以小于可迭代对象的项数：其中会有一个值是存放剩下的项的列表。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"The number of values before and after the list value is limited to 255." +msgstr "在列表前后的值的数量被限制在255。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"The number of values before the list value is encoded in the argument of the" +" opcode. The number of values after the list if any is encoded using an " +"``EXTENDED_ARG``. As a consequence, the argument can be seen as a two bytes " +"values where the low byte of *counts* is the number of values before the " +"list value, the high byte of *counts* the number of values after it." +msgstr "" +"列表前的值的数量被编码在操作码的参数之中。 如果列表后有值，则其数量会被用 ``EXTENDED_ARG`` 编码。 " +"因此参数可以被认为是一个双字节值，其中低位字节代表列表前的值的数量，高位字节代表其后的值的数量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1040 +msgid "" +"The extracted values are put onto the stack right-to-left, i.e. ``a, *b, c =" +" d`` will be stored after execution as ``STACK.extend((a, b, c))``." +msgstr "" +"提取出来的值被自右向左放入栈中，也就是说 ``a, *b, c = d`` 在执行完成之后会被这样储存： ``STACK.extend((a, b, " +"c))`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"obj = STACK.pop()\n" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"obj.name = value" +msgstr "" +"obj = STACK.pop()\n" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"obj.name = value" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"where *namei* is the index of name in :attr:`~codeobject.co_names` of the " +":ref:`code object `." +msgstr "" +"其中 *namei* 是 name 在 :ref:`代码对象 ` 的 " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_names` 中的索引。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"obj = STACK.pop()\n" +"del obj.name" +msgstr "" +"obj = STACK.pop()\n" +"del obj.name" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1062 +msgid "" +"where *namei* is the index of name into :attr:`~codeobject.co_names` of the " +":ref:`code object `." +msgstr "" +"其中 *namei* 是 name 在 :ref:`代码对象 ` 的 " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_names` 中的索引。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1068 +msgid "Works as :opcode:`STORE_NAME`, but stores the name as a global." +msgstr "类似于 :opcode:`STORE_NAME` 但会将 name 存储为全局变量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1073 +msgid "Works as :opcode:`DELETE_NAME`, but deletes a global name." +msgstr "类似于 :opcode:`DELETE_NAME` 但会删除一个全局变量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1078 +msgid "Pushes ``co_consts[consti]`` onto the stack." +msgstr "将 ``co_consts[consti]`` 推入栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"Pushes the value associated with ``co_names[namei]`` onto the stack. The " +"name is looked up within the locals, then the globals, then the builtins." +msgstr "将 ``co_names[namei]`` 关联的值压入栈中。 名称的查找范围包括局部变量，然后是全局变量，然后是内置量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"Pushes a reference to the locals dictionary onto the stack. This is used to" +" prepare namespace dictionaries for :opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF` and " +":opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS`." +msgstr "" +"将一个局部变量字典的引用压入栈中。 被用于为 :opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF` 和 " +":opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS` 准备命名空间字典。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"Pops a mapping off the stack and looks up the value for ``co_names[namei]``." +" If the name is not found there, looks it up in the globals and then the " +"builtins, similar to :opcode:`LOAD_GLOBAL`. This is used for loading global " +"variables in :ref:`annotation scopes ` within class " +"bodies." +msgstr "" +"从栈中弹出一个映射，在其中查找 ``co_names[namei]``。 如果在此没有找到相应的名称，则在全局变量和内置量中查找，类似 " +":opcode:`LOAD_GLOBAL` 。 被用于在类定义中的 :ref:`标注作用域 ` 中加载全局变量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"Creates a tuple consuming *count* items from the stack, and pushes the " +"resulting tuple onto the stack::" +msgstr "创建一个使用来自栈的 *count* 个条目的元组，并将结果元组推入栈顶::" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1112 +msgid "" +"if count == 0:\n" +" value = ()\n" +"else:\n" +" value = tuple(STACK[-count:])\n" +" STACK = STACK[:-count]\n" +"\n" +"STACK.append(value)" +msgstr "" +"if count == 0:\n" +" value = ()\n" +"else:\n" +" value = tuple(STACK[-count:])\n" +" STACK = STACK[:-count]\n" +"\n" +"STACK.append(value)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1123 +msgid "Works as :opcode:`BUILD_TUPLE`, but creates a list." +msgstr "类似于 :opcode:`BUILD_TUPLE` 但会创建一个列表。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1128 +msgid "Works as :opcode:`BUILD_TUPLE`, but creates a set." +msgstr "类似于 :opcode:`BUILD_TUPLE` 但会创建一个集合。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"Pushes a new dictionary object onto the stack. Pops ``2 * count`` items so " +"that the dictionary holds *count* entries: ``{..., STACK[-4]: STACK[-3], " +"STACK[-2]: STACK[-1]}``." +msgstr "" +"将一个新字典对象推入栈顶。 弹出 ``2 * count`` 项使得字典包含 *count* 个条目: ``{..., STACK[-4]: " +"STACK[-3], STACK[-2]: STACK[-1]}`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1137 +msgid "" +"The dictionary is created from stack items instead of creating an empty " +"dictionary pre-sized to hold *count* items." +msgstr "字典是根据栈中的项创建而不是创建一个预设大小包含 *count* 项的空字典。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"The version of :opcode:`BUILD_MAP` specialized for constant keys. Pops the " +"top element on the stack which contains a tuple of keys, then starting from " +"``STACK[-2]``, pops *count* values to form values in the built dictionary." +msgstr "" +":opcode:`BUILD_MAP` 版本专用于常量键。 弹出的栈顶元素包含一个由键构成的元组，然后从 ``STACK[-2]`` " +"开始从构建字典的值中弹出 *count* 个值。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"Concatenates *count* strings from the stack and pushes the resulting string " +"onto the stack." +msgstr "拼接 *count* 个来自栈的字符串并将结果字符串推入栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1163 +msgid "" +"seq = STACK.pop()\n" +"list.extend(STACK[-i], seq)" +msgstr "" +"seq = STACK.pop()\n" +"list.extend(STACK[-i], seq)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1166 +msgid "Used to build lists." +msgstr "用于构建列表。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1175 +msgid "" +"seq = STACK.pop()\n" +"set.update(STACK[-i], seq)" +msgstr "" +"seq = STACK.pop()\n" +"set.update(STACK[-i], seq)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1178 +msgid "Used to build sets." +msgstr "用于构建集合。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1187 +msgid "" +"map = STACK.pop()\n" +"dict.update(STACK[-i], map)" +msgstr "" +"map = STACK.pop()\n" +"dict.update(STACK[-i], map)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1190 +msgid "Used to build dicts." +msgstr "用于构建字典。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1197 +msgid "Like :opcode:`DICT_UPDATE` but raises an exception for duplicate keys." +msgstr "类似于 :opcode:`DICT_UPDATE` 但对于重复的键会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"If the low bit of ``namei`` is not set, this replaces ``STACK[-1]`` with " +"``getattr(STACK[-1], co_names[namei>>1])``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``namei`` 的低位未设置，则将 ``STACK[-1]`` 替换为 ``getattr(STACK[-1], " +"co_names[namei>>1])``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1207 +msgid "" +"If the low bit of ``namei`` is set, this will attempt to load a method named" +" ``co_names[namei>>1]`` from the ``STACK[-1]`` object. ``STACK[-1]`` is " +"popped. This bytecode distinguishes two cases: if ``STACK[-1]`` has a method" +" with the correct name, the bytecode pushes the unbound method and " +"``STACK[-1]``. ``STACK[-1]`` will be used as the first argument (``self``) " +"by :opcode:`CALL` or :opcode:`CALL_KW` when calling the unbound method. " +"Otherwise, ``NULL`` and the object returned by the attribute lookup are " +"pushed." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``namei`` 的低位已设置，则会尝试从 ``STACK[-1]`` 对象加载名为 ``co_names[namei>>1]`` 的方法。 " +"``STACK[-1]`` 会被弹出。 此字节码会区分两种情况：如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 具有一个名称正确的方法，字节码会推入未绑定的方法和 " +"``STACK[-1]``。 ``STACK[-1]`` 将被 :opcode:`CALL` 或者 :opcode:`CALL_KW` " +"用作调用未绑定方法时的第一个参数 (``self``)。 否则，将推入 ``NULL`` 和属性查询所返回的对象。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1216 +msgid "" +"If the low bit of ``namei`` is set, then a ``NULL`` or ``self`` is pushed to" +" the stack before the attribute or unbound method respectively." +msgstr "如果 ``namei`` 的低位已置，则会在属性或未绑定方法之前分别将 ``NULL`` 或 ``self`` 推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"This opcode implements :func:`super`, both in its zero-argument and two-" +"argument forms (e.g. ``super().method()``, ``super().attr`` and ``super(cls," +" self).method()``, ``super(cls, self).attr``)." +msgstr "" +"该操作码实现了 :func:`super`，包括零参数和双参数形式 (例如 ``super().method()``, ``super().attr``" +" 和 ``super(cls, self).method()``, ``super(cls, self).attr``)。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1227 +msgid "It pops three values from the stack (from top of stack down):" +msgstr "它从栈弹出三个值（栈顶在前）：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1229 +msgid "``self``: the first argument to the current method" +msgstr "``self``：当前方法的第一个参数" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1230 +msgid "``cls``: the class within which the current method was defined" +msgstr "``cls``：当前方法被定义的类" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1231 +msgid "the global ``super``" +msgstr "全局的``super``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"With respect to its argument, it works similarly to :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR`, " +"except that ``namei`` is shifted left by 2 bits instead of 1." +msgstr "对应于其参数，它的操作类似于 :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR`，区别在于 ``namei`` 左移了 2 位而不是 1 位。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"The low bit of ``namei`` signals to attempt a method load, as with " +":opcode:`LOAD_ATTR`, which results in pushing ``NULL`` and the loaded " +"method. When it is unset a single value is pushed to the stack." +msgstr "" +"``namei`` 的低位发出尝试加载方法的信号，与 :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR` 一样，其结果是推入 ``NULL`` 和所加载的方法。 " +"当其被取消设置时会将单个值推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"The second-low bit of ``namei``, if set, means that this was a two-argument " +"call to :func:`super` (unset means zero-argument)." +msgstr "``namei`` 的次低比特位如果被设置，表示这是对 :func:`super` 附带两个参数的调用（未设置则表示附带零个参数）。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1248 +msgid "" +"Performs a Boolean operation. The operation name can be found in " +"``cmp_op[opname >> 5]``. If the fifth-lowest bit of ``opname`` is set " +"(``opname & 16``), the result should be coerced to ``bool``." +msgstr "" +"执行布尔操作。操作名可以在``cmp_op[opname >> 5]``中找到。如果``opname``的第五低位是1（``opname & " +"16``），则结果将被强制转换为``bool``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1252 +msgid "" +"The fifth-lowest bit of the oparg now indicates a forced conversion to " +":class:`bool`." +msgstr "现在参数的第五低位表示强制将结果转换为 :class:`bool`。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1259 +msgid "Performs ``is`` comparison, or ``is not`` if ``invert`` is 1." +msgstr "执行 ``is`` 比较，或者如果 ``invert`` 为 1 则执行 ``is not``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1266 +msgid "Performs ``in`` comparison, or ``not in`` if ``invert`` is 1." +msgstr "执行 ``in`` 比较，或者如果 ``invert`` 为 1 则执行 ``not in``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1273 +msgid "" +"Imports the module ``co_names[namei]``. ``STACK[-1]`` and ``STACK[-2]`` are" +" popped and provide the *fromlist* and *level* arguments of " +":func:`__import__`. The module object is pushed onto the stack. The current" +" namespace is not affected: for a proper import statement, a subsequent " +":opcode:`STORE_FAST` instruction modifies the namespace." +msgstr "" +"导入模块 ``co_names[namei]``。 会弹出 ``STACK[-1]`` 和 ``STACK[-2]`` 以提供 *fromlist* 和" +" *level* 参数给 :func:`__import__` 。 模块对象会被推入栈顶。 当前命名空间不受影响：对于一条标准 import " +"语句，会执行后续的 :opcode:`STORE_FAST` 指令来修改命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1281 +msgid "" +"Loads the attribute ``co_names[namei]`` from the module found in " +"``STACK[-1]``. The resulting object is pushed onto the stack, to be " +"subsequently stored by a :opcode:`STORE_FAST` instruction." +msgstr "" +"从在 ``STACK[-1]`` 内找到的模块中加载属性 ``co_names[namei]``。 结果对象会被推入栈顶，以便由后续的 " +":opcode:`STORE_FAST` 指令来保存。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1288 +msgid "Increments bytecode counter by *delta*." +msgstr "将字节码计数器的值增加 *delta*。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1293 +msgid "Decrements bytecode counter by *delta*. Checks for interrupts." +msgstr "将字节码计数器减少 *delta*。 检查中断。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1300 +msgid "Decrements bytecode counter by *delta*. Does not check for interrupts." +msgstr "将字节码计数器减少 *delta*。 不检查中断。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"If ``STACK[-1]`` is true, increments the bytecode counter by *delta*. " +"``STACK[-1]`` is popped." +msgstr "如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 为真值，则将字节码计数器增加 *delta*。 ``STACK[-1]`` 将被弹出。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1310 ../../library/dis.rst:1326 +msgid "" +"The oparg is now a relative delta rather than an absolute target. This " +"opcode is a pseudo-instruction, replaced in final bytecode by the directed " +"versions (forward/backward)." +msgstr "" +"操作符的参数现在是一个相对的差值而不是一个绝对的目标量。 此操作码是一个伪指令，在最终的字节码里被定向的版本（ forward/backward " +"）取代。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1315 ../../library/dis.rst:1331 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1344 ../../library/dis.rst:1355 +msgid "This is no longer a pseudo-instruction." +msgstr "该操作码现在不再是伪指令。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"If ``STACK[-1]`` is false, increments the bytecode counter by *delta*. " +"``STACK[-1]`` is popped." +msgstr "如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 为假值，则将字节码计数器增加 *delta*。 ``STACK[-1]`` 将被弹出。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"If ``STACK[-1]`` is not ``None``, increments the bytecode counter by " +"*delta*. ``STACK[-1]`` is popped." +msgstr "如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 不为 ``None`` ，则将字节码计数器增加 *delta*。 ``STACK[-1]`` 将被弹出。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"If ``STACK[-1]`` is ``None``, increments the bytecode counter by *delta*. " +"``STACK[-1]`` is popped." +msgstr "如果 ``STACK[-1]`` 为 ``None`` ，则将字节码计数器增加 *delta*。 ``STACK[-1]`` 将被弹出。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1360 +msgid "" +"``STACK[-1]`` is an :term:`iterator`. Call its :meth:`~iterator.__next__` " +"method. If this yields a new value, push it on the stack (leaving the " +"iterator below it). If the iterator indicates it is exhausted then the byte" +" code counter is incremented by *delta*." +msgstr "" +"``STACK[-1]`` 是一个 :term:`iterator`。 调用其 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法。 " +"如果产生一个新的值则压入栈中 （把迭代器压下去）。 如果迭代器已耗尽，则将字节码计数器增加 *delta* 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1365 +msgid "Up until 3.11 the iterator was popped when it was exhausted." +msgstr "直到 3.11 ，当迭代器耗尽时，它会被从栈中弹出。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1370 +msgid "Loads the global named ``co_names[namei>>1]`` onto the stack." +msgstr "将名为 ``co_names[namei>>1]`` 的全局对象加载到栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1372 +msgid "" +"If the low bit of ``namei`` is set, then a ``NULL`` is pushed to the stack " +"before the global variable." +msgstr "如果设置了 ``namei`` 的低比特位，则会在全局变量前将一个 ``NULL`` 推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1378 +msgid "" +"Pushes a reference to the local ``co_varnames[var_num]`` onto the stack." +msgstr "将指向局部对象 ``co_varnames[var_num]`` 的引用推入栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1380 +msgid "" +"This opcode is now only used in situations where the local variable is " +"guaranteed to be initialized. It cannot raise :exc:`UnboundLocalError`." +msgstr "这个操作码目前只用在保证局部变量被初始化的情况下使用。它不能引发 :exc:`UnboundLocalError` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1386 +msgid "" +"Pushes references to ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` and " +"``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]`` onto the stack." +msgstr "" +"将指向 ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` 和 ``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]`` 的引用推入栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"Pushes a reference to the local ``co_varnames[var_num]`` onto the stack, " +"raising an :exc:`UnboundLocalError` if the local variable has not been " +"initialized." +msgstr "" +"将一个指向局部变量 ``co_varnames[var_num]`` 的引用推入栈中，如果该局部变量未被初始化，引发一个 " +":exc:`UnboundLocalError` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"Pushes a reference to the local ``co_varnames[var_num]`` onto the stack (or " +"pushes ``NULL`` onto the stack if the local variable has not been " +"initialized) and sets ``co_varnames[var_num]`` to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"将一个指向局部变量 ``co_varnames[var_num]`` 的引用推入栈中（如果该局部变量未被初始化，则推入一个 ``NULL`` ）然后将 " +"``co_varnames[var_num]`` 设为 ``NULL`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1409 +msgid "Stores ``STACK.pop()`` into the local ``co_varnames[var_num]``." +msgstr "将 ``STACK.pop()`` 存放到局部变量 ``co_varnames[var_num]`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1413 +msgid "" +"Stores ``STACK[-1]`` into ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` and ``STACK[-2]`` " +"into ``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]``." +msgstr "" +"将 ``STACK[-1]`` 存入 ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` 并将 ``STACK[-2]`` 存入 " +"``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1420 +msgid "" +"Stores ``STACK.pop()`` into the local ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` and " +"pushes a reference to the local ``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]`` onto the " +"stack." +msgstr "" +"将 ``STACK.pop()`` 存入本地 ``co_varnames[var_nums >> 4]`` 并将指向本地 " +"``co_varnames[var_nums & 15]`` 的引用推入栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1428 +msgid "Deletes local ``co_varnames[var_num]``." +msgstr "移除局部对象 ``co_varnames[var_num]``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1433 +msgid "" +"Creates a new cell in slot ``i``. If that slot is nonempty then that value " +"is stored into the new cell." +msgstr "在槽位 ``i`` 中创建一个新单元。 如果该槽位为非空则该值将存储到新单元中。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1441 +msgid "" +"Loads the cell contained in slot ``i`` of the \"fast locals\" storage. " +"Pushes a reference to the object the cell contains on the stack." +msgstr "加载包含在 \"fast locals\" 存储的 ``i`` 号槽位中的单元。 将一个指向该单元所包含对象的引用推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1444 ../../library/dis.rst:1466 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"``i`` is no longer offset by the length of :attr:`~codeobject.co_varnames`." +msgstr "``i`` 不再是 :attr:`~codeobject.co_varnames` 的长度的偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1450 +msgid "" +"Pops a mapping off the stack and looks up the name associated with slot " +"``i`` of the \"fast locals\" storage in this mapping. If the name is not " +"found there, loads it from the cell contained in slot ``i``, similar to " +":opcode:`LOAD_DEREF`. This is used for loading :term:`closure variables " +"` in class bodies (which previously used " +":opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF`) and in :ref:`annotation scopes ` within class bodies." +msgstr "" +"从栈中弹出一个映射并查找与该映射中 \"fast locals\" 存储的槽位 ``i`` 相关联的名称。 如果未在其中找到此名称，则从包含在槽位 " +"``i`` 中的单元加载它，与 :opcode:`LOAD_DEREF` 类似。 这被用于加载类语句体中的 :term:`闭包变量 ` (在此之前是使用 :opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF`) 和类语句体中的 :ref:`标注作用域 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"Stores ``STACK.pop()`` into the cell contained in slot ``i`` of the \"fast " +"locals\" storage." +msgstr "将 ``STACK.pop()`` 存放到 \"fast locals\" 存储中包含在 ``i`` 号槽位的单元内。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1472 +msgid "" +"Empties the cell contained in slot ``i`` of the \"fast locals\" storage. " +"Used by the :keyword:`del` statement." +msgstr "清空 \"fast locals\" 存储中包含在 ``i`` 号槽位的单元。 被用于 :keyword:`del` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1483 +msgid "" +"Copies the ``n`` :term:`free (closure) variables ` from " +"the closure into the frame. Removes the need for special code on the " +"caller's side when calling closures." +msgstr "" +"将 ``n`` 个 :term:`自由（闭包）变量 ` 从闭包拷贝到帧中。 " +"当调用闭包时不再需要调用方添加特殊的代码。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1492 +msgid "" +"Raises an exception using one of the 3 forms of the ``raise`` statement, " +"depending on the value of *argc*:" +msgstr "使用 ``raise`` 语句的 3 种形式之一引发异常，具体形式取决于 *argc* 的值：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1495 +msgid "0: ``raise`` (re-raise previous exception)" +msgstr "0: ``raise`` (重新引发之前的异常)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1496 +msgid "" +"1: ``raise STACK[-1]`` (raise exception instance or type at ``STACK[-1]``)" +msgstr "1: ``raise STACK[-1]`` （在 ``STACK[-1]`` 上引发异常实例或类型）" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1497 +msgid "" +"2: ``raise STACK[-2] from STACK[-1]`` (raise exception instance or type at " +"``STACK[-2]`` with ``__cause__`` set to ``STACK[-1]``)" +msgstr "" +"2: ``raise STACK[-2] from STACK[-1]`` （在 ``STACK[-2]`` 上引发异常实例或类型并将 " +"``__cause__`` 设为 ``STACK[-1]`` ）" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1503 +msgid "" +"Calls a callable object with the number of arguments specified by ``argc``. " +"On the stack are (in ascending order):" +msgstr "调用callable对象，以``argc``指定的参数个数。堆栈上是（升序）：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1506 ../../library/dis.rst:1530 +msgid "The callable" +msgstr "可调用对象" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1507 ../../library/dis.rst:1531 +msgid "``self`` or ``NULL``" +msgstr "``self``或者``NULL``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1508 ../../library/dis.rst:1532 +msgid "The remaining positional arguments" +msgstr "其余的位置参数" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1510 +msgid "``argc`` is the total of the positional arguments, excluding ``self``." +msgstr "``argc`` 是位置参数的数量，不包括 ``self``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1512 +msgid "" +"``CALL`` pops all arguments and the callable object off the stack, calls the" +" callable object with those arguments, and pushes the return value returned " +"by the callable object." +msgstr "``CALL`` 将把所有参数和可调用对象弹出栈，附带这些参数调用该可调用对象，并将该可调用对象的返回值推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1518 +msgid "The callable now always appears at the same position on the stack." +msgstr "Callable现在总是出现在栈的同一位置。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1521 +msgid "Calls with keyword arguments are now handled by :opcode:`CALL_KW`." +msgstr "有关键字参数的调用现在由 :opcode:`CALL_KW` 处理。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1527 +msgid "" +"Calls a callable object with the number of arguments specified by ``argc``, " +"including one or more named arguments. On the stack are (in ascending " +"order):" +msgstr "调用一个可调用对象并传入由 ``argc`` 指定数量的参数。 在栈上为（升序）：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1533 +msgid "The named arguments" +msgstr "关键字参数" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1534 +msgid "A :class:`tuple` of keyword argument names" +msgstr "由关键字参数名称组成的 :class:`tuple`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"``argc`` is the total of the positional and named arguments, excluding " +"``self``. The length of the tuple of keyword argument names is the number of" +" named arguments." +msgstr "``argc`` 是位置参数和关键字参数的总数，不包括 ``self``。 关键字参数名称元组的长度为关键字参数的数量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1539 +msgid "" +"``CALL_KW`` pops all arguments, the keyword names, and the callable object " +"off the stack, calls the callable object with those arguments, and pushes " +"the return value returned by the callable object." +msgstr "``CALL_KW`` 会将所有参数、关键字名称和可调用对象从栈中弹出，用这些参数调用可调用对象，并将返回值推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1548 +msgid "" +"Calls a callable object with variable set of positional and keyword " +"arguments. If the lowest bit of *flags* is set, the top of the stack " +"contains a mapping object containing additional keyword arguments. Before " +"the callable is called, the mapping object and iterable object are each " +"\"unpacked\" and their contents passed in as keyword and positional " +"arguments respectively. ``CALL_FUNCTION_EX`` pops all arguments and the " +"callable object off the stack, calls the callable object with those " +"arguments, and pushes the return value returned by the callable object." +msgstr "" +"调用一个可调用对象并附带位置参数和关键字参数变量集合。 如果设置了 *flags* 的最低位，则栈顶包含一个由额外关键字参数组成的映射对象。 " +"在调用该可调用对象之前，映射对象和可迭代对象会被分别“解包”并将它们的内容分别作为关键字参数和位置参数传入。 ``CALL_FUNCTION_EX`` " +"会中栈中弹出所有参数及可调用对象，附带这些参数调用该可调用对象，并将可调用对象所返回的返回值推入栈顶。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"Pushes a ``NULL`` to the stack. Used in the call sequence to match the " +"``NULL`` pushed by :opcode:`LOAD_METHOD` for non-method calls." +msgstr "" +"将一个 ``NULL`` 推入栈。 在调用序列中用来匹配 :opcode:`LOAD_METHOD` 针对非方法调用推入栈的 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1572 +msgid "" +"Pushes a new function object on the stack built from the code object at " +"``STACK[-1]``." +msgstr "在 ``STACK[-1]`` 位置上将一个新函数对象推入从对象代码构建的栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1574 +msgid "Flag value ``0x04`` is a tuple of strings instead of dictionary" +msgstr "旗标值 ``0x04`` 是一个字符串元组而非字典。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1577 +msgid "Qualified name at ``STACK[-1]`` was removed." +msgstr "位于 ``STACK[-1]`` 的限定名称已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"Extra function attributes on the stack, signaled by oparg flags, were " +"removed. They now use :opcode:`SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE`." +msgstr "操作参数曾指示额外的函数属性，现已被移除。 现在使用 :opcode:`SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE`。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1587 +msgid "" +"Sets an attribute on a function object. Expects the function at " +"``STACK[-1]`` and the attribute value to set at ``STACK[-2]``; consumes both" +" and leaves the function at ``STACK[-1]``. The flag determines which " +"attribute to set:" +msgstr "" +"在函数对象上设置一个属性。将``STACK[-1]``的元素作为函数对象，``STACK[-2]``作为要设置的属性值，消耗这两个元素，将函数对象留在``STACK[-1]``。参数flag决定了要设置哪个属性：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1591 +msgid "" +"``0x01`` a tuple of default values for positional-only and positional-or-" +"keyword parameters in positional order" +msgstr "``0x01`` 一个默认值的元组，用于按位置排序的仅限位置形参以及位置或关键字形参" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1593 +msgid "``0x02`` a dictionary of keyword-only parameters' default values" +msgstr "``0x02`` 一个仅限关键字形参的默认值的字典" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1594 +msgid "``0x04`` a tuple of strings containing parameters' annotations" +msgstr "``0x04`` 一个包含形参标注的字符串元组。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1595 +msgid "``0x08`` a tuple containing cells for free variables, making a closure" +msgstr "``0x08`` 一个包含用于自由变量的单元的元组，生成一个闭包" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1604 +msgid "" +"Pushes a slice object on the stack. *argc* must be 2 or 3. If it is 2, " +"implements::" +msgstr "将一个切片对象推入栈中， *argc* 必须为2或3。 如果其为2，则实现：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1606 +msgid "" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(slice(start, end))" +msgstr "" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(slice(start, end))" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1610 +msgid "if it is 3, implements::" +msgstr "如果其为3，则实现：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1612 +msgid "" +"step = STACK.pop()\n" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(slice(start, end, step))" +msgstr "" +"step = STACK.pop()\n" +"end = STACK.pop()\n" +"start = STACK.pop()\n" +"STACK.append(slice(start, end, step))" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1617 +msgid "See the :func:`slice` built-in function for more information." +msgstr "详见内置函数 :func:`slice` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1622 +msgid "" +"Prefixes any opcode which has an argument too big to fit into the default " +"one byte. *ext* holds an additional byte which act as higher bits in the " +"argument. For each opcode, at most three prefixal ``EXTENDED_ARG`` are " +"allowed, forming an argument from two-byte to four-byte." +msgstr "" +"为任意带有大到无法放入默认的单字节的参数的操作码添加前缀。 *ext* 存放一个附加字节作为参数中的高比特位。 对于每个操作码，最多允许三个 " +"``EXTENDED_ARG`` 前缀，构成两字节到三字节的参数。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1630 +msgid "Convert value to a string, depending on ``oparg``::" +msgstr "将值转化为字符串，以``oparg``指定的方式::" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1632 +msgid "" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = func(value)\n" +"STACK.append(result)" +msgstr "" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = func(value)\n" +"STACK.append(result)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1636 +msgid "``oparg == 1``: call :func:`str` on *value*" +msgstr "``oparg == 1``: 在 *value* 上调用 :func:`str`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1637 +msgid "``oparg == 2``: call :func:`repr` on *value*" +msgstr "``oparg == 2``: 在 *value* 上调用 :func:`repr`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1638 +msgid "``oparg == 3``: call :func:`ascii` on *value*" +msgstr "``oparg == 3``: 在 *value* 上调用 :func:`ascii`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1640 ../../library/dis.rst:1653 +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1666 +msgid "Used for implementing formatted string literals (f-strings)." +msgstr "用于实现格式字符串字面值（f-字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1647 +msgid "Formats the value on top of stack::" +msgstr "格式化栈顶的值::" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1649 +msgid "" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = value.__format__(\"\")\n" +"STACK.append(result)" +msgstr "" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = value.__format__(\"\")\n" +"STACK.append(result)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1659 +msgid "Formats the given value with the given format spec::" +msgstr "使用给定的格式说明来格式化给定的值::" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1661 +msgid "" +"spec = STACK.pop()\n" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = value.__format__(spec)\n" +"STACK.append(result)" +msgstr "" +"spec = STACK.pop()\n" +"value = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = value.__format__(spec)\n" +"STACK.append(result)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1673 +msgid "" +"``STACK[-1]`` is a tuple of keyword attribute names, ``STACK[-2]`` is the " +"class being matched against, and ``STACK[-3]`` is the match subject. " +"*count* is the number of positional sub-patterns." +msgstr "" +"``STACK[-1]`` 是一个由关键字属性名称组成的元组，``STACK[-2]`` 是要匹配的类， 而 ``STACK[-3]`` " +"是匹配的目标主题。 *count* 是位置子模式的数量。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1677 +msgid "" +"Pop ``STACK[-1]``, ``STACK[-2]``, and ``STACK[-3]``. If ``STACK[-3]`` is an " +"instance of ``STACK[-2]`` and has the positional and keyword attributes " +"required by *count* and ``STACK[-1]``, push a tuple of extracted attributes." +" Otherwise, push ``None``." +msgstr "" +"弹出 ``STACK[-1]``、``STACK[-2]`` 和 ``STACK[-3]``。 如果 ``STACK[-3]`` 是 " +"``STACK[-2]`` 的实例并且具有 *count* 和 ``STACK[-1]`` 所要求的位置和关键字属性，则推入一个由已提取属性组成的元组。" +" 在其他情况下，则推入 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1691 +msgid "A no-op. Performs internal tracing, debugging and optimization checks." +msgstr "空操作。 执行内部追踪、调试和优化检查。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1693 +msgid "" +"The ``context`` oparand consists of two parts. The lowest two bits indicate " +"where the ``RESUME`` occurs:" +msgstr "``context`` 操作数由两部分组成。 最低的两个比特位指明 ``RESUME`` 在何处发生：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1696 +msgid "" +"``0`` The start of a function, which is neither a generator, coroutine nor " +"an async generator" +msgstr "``0`` 在函数的开头。 函数不能是生成器、协程或者异步生成器。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1698 +msgid "``1`` After a ``yield`` expression" +msgstr "``1`` 在 ``yield`` 表达式之后" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1699 +msgid "``2`` After a ``yield from`` expression" +msgstr "``2`` 在 ``yield from`` 表达式之后" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1700 +msgid "``3`` After an ``await`` expression" +msgstr "``3`` 在 ``await`` 表达式之后" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1702 +msgid "" +"The next bit is ``1`` if the RESUME is at except-depth ``1``, and ``0`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "如果 RESUME 在 except 深度 ``1`` 上发生则下一个比特位值为 ``1``，否则为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1707 +msgid "The oparg value changed to include information about except-depth" +msgstr "oparg 值已被修改以包括有关 except 深度的信息" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1713 +msgid "" +"Create a generator, coroutine, or async generator from the current frame. " +"Used as first opcode of in code object for the above mentioned callables. " +"Clear the current frame and return the newly created generator." +msgstr "从当前帧中创建一个生成器，协程，或者异步生成器。 被用作上述可调用对象的代码对象第一个操作码。 清除当前帧，返回新创建的生成器。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``STACK[-1] = STACK[-2].send(STACK[-1])``. Used in ``yield " +"from`` and ``await`` statements." +msgstr "" +"等价于 ``STACK[-1] = STACK[-2].send(STACK[-1])`` 。 被用于 ``yield from`` 和 " +"``await`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"If the call raises :exc:`StopIteration`, pop the top value from the stack, " +"push the exception's ``value`` attribute, and increment the bytecode counter" +" by *delta*." +msgstr "" +"如果调用引发了 :exc:`StopIteration`，则从栈中弹出最上面的值，推入异常的 ``value`` 属性，并将字节码计数器值递增 " +"*delta*。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"This is not really an opcode. It identifies the dividing line between " +"opcodes in the range [0,255] which don't use their argument and those that " +"do (``< HAVE_ARGUMENT`` and ``>= HAVE_ARGUMENT``, respectively)." +msgstr "" +"这不是一个真正的操作码。 它是 [0,255] 范围内使用与不使用参数的操作码（分别是 ``< HAVE_ARGUMENT`` 和 ``>= " +"HAVE_ARGUMENT`` ）的分界线。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1738 +msgid "" +"If your application uses pseudo instructions or specialized instructions, " +"use the :data:`hasarg` collection instead." +msgstr "如果你的应用程序使用了伪指令或专用指令，请改用 :data:`hasarg` 多项集。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1741 +msgid "" +"Now every instruction has an argument, but opcodes ``< HAVE_ARGUMENT`` " +"ignore it. Before, only opcodes ``>= HAVE_ARGUMENT`` had an argument." +msgstr "" +"现在每条指令都带有参数，但操作码 ``< HAVE_ARGUMENT`` 会忽略它。 之前仅限操作码 ``>= HAVE_ARGUMENT`` " +"带有参数。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"Pseudo instructions were added to the :mod:`dis` module, and for them it is " +"not true that comparison with ``HAVE_ARGUMENT`` indicates whether they use " +"their arg." +msgstr "伪指令被添加到 :mod:`dis` 模块中，对于它们来说，“比较 ``HAVE_ARGUMENT`` 以确定其是否使用参数”不再有效。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1750 +msgid "Use :data:`hasarg` instead." +msgstr "使用 :data:`hasarg` 来代替。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"Calls an intrinsic function with one argument. Passes ``STACK[-1]`` as the " +"argument and sets ``STACK[-1]`` to the result. Used to implement " +"functionality that is not performance critical." +msgstr "" +"调用内联的函数并附带一个参数。 传入 ``STACK[-1]`` 作为参数并将 ``STACK[-1]`` 设为结果。 用于实现对性能不敏感的功能。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1759 ../../library/dis.rst:1813 +msgid "The operand determines which intrinsic function is called:" +msgstr "调用哪个内置函数取决于操作数：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1762 ../../library/dis.rst:1816 +msgid "Operand" +msgstr "操作数" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1762 ../../library/dis.rst:1816 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1764 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_1_INVALID``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_1_INVALID``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1764 ../../library/dis.rst:1818 +msgid "Not valid" +msgstr "无效" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1766 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_PRINT``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_PRINT``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1766 +msgid "Prints the argument to standard out. Used in the REPL." +msgstr "将参数打印到标准输出。 被用于 REPL 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1769 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_IMPORT_STAR``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_IMPORT_STAR``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1769 +msgid "Performs ``import *`` for the named module." +msgstr "为指定模块执行 ``import *`` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1772 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_STOPITERATION_ERROR``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_STOPITERATION_ERROR``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1772 +msgid "Extracts the return value from a ``StopIteration`` exception." +msgstr "从 ``StopIteration`` 异常中提取返回值。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1775 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_ASYNC_GEN_WRAP``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_ASYNC_GEN_WRAP``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1775 +msgid "Wraps an async generator value" +msgstr "包裹一个异常生成器值" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1777 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_UNARY_POSITIVE``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_UNARY_POSITIVE``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1777 +msgid "Performs the unary ``+`` operation" +msgstr "执行单目运算符 ``+`` " + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1780 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_LIST_TO_TUPLE``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_LIST_TO_TUPLE``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1780 +msgid "Converts a list to a tuple" +msgstr "将一个列表转换为元组" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1782 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1782 +msgid "Creates a :class:`typing.TypeVar`" +msgstr "创建一个 :class:`typing.TypeVar` " + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1784 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_PARAMSPEC``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_PARAMSPEC``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1784 +msgid "Creates a :class:`typing.ParamSpec`" +msgstr "创建一个 :class:`typing.ParamSpec`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1787 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVARTUPLE``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVARTUPLE``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1787 +msgid "Creates a :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple`" +msgstr "创建一个 :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple`" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1790 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_SUBSCRIPT_GENERIC``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_SUBSCRIPT_GENERIC``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1790 +msgid "Returns :class:`typing.Generic` subscripted with the argument" +msgstr "返回 :class:`typing.Generic` 取参数下标。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1793 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_TYPEALIAS``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_TYPEALIAS``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1793 +msgid "" +"Creates a :class:`typing.TypeAliasType`; used in the :keyword:`type` " +"statement. The argument is a tuple of the type alias's name, type " +"parameters, and value." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :class:`typing.TypeAliasType` ；被用于 :keyword:`type` 语句。 " +"参数是一个由类型别名的名称、类型形参和值组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"Calls an intrinsic function with two arguments. Used to implement " +"functionality that is not performance critical::" +msgstr "调用内联的函数并附带两个参数。 用于实现对性能不敏感的功能::" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1808 +msgid "" +"arg2 = STACK.pop()\n" +"arg1 = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = intrinsic2(arg1, arg2)\n" +"STACK.append(result)" +msgstr "" +"arg2 = STACK.pop()\n" +"arg1 = STACK.pop()\n" +"result = intrinsic2(arg1, arg2)\n" +"STACK.append(result)" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1818 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_2_INVALID``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_2_INVALID``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1820 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_PREP_RERAISE_STAR``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_PREP_RERAISE_STAR``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1820 +msgid "Calculates the :exc:`ExceptionGroup` to raise from a ``try-except*``." +msgstr "计算 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 以从 ``try-except*`` 中引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1824 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_BOUND``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_BOUND``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1824 +msgid "Creates a :class:`typing.TypeVar` with a bound." +msgstr "创建一个带范围的 :class:`typing.TypeVar` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1827 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_CONSTRAINTS``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_TYPEVAR_WITH_CONSTRAINTS``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1827 +msgid "Creates a :class:`typing.TypeVar` with constraints." +msgstr "创建一个带约束的 :class:`typing.TypeVar` 。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1831 +msgid "``INTRINSIC_SET_FUNCTION_TYPE_PARAMS``" +msgstr "``INTRINSIC_SET_FUNCTION_TYPE_PARAMS``" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1831 +msgid "Sets the ``__type_params__`` attribute of a function." +msgstr "为一个函数设置 ``__type_params__`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1838 +msgid "**Pseudo-instructions**" +msgstr "**伪指令**" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"These opcodes do not appear in Python bytecode. They are used by the " +"compiler but are replaced by real opcodes or removed before bytecode is " +"generated." +msgstr "这些操作码并不出现在 Python 的字节码之中。 它们被编译器所使用，但在生成字节码之前会被替代成真正的操作码。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"Set up an exception handler for the following code block. If an exception " +"occurs, the value stack level is restored to its current state and control " +"is transferred to the exception handler at ``target``." +msgstr "为下面的代码块设置一个异常处理器。 如果发生异常，值栈的级别将恢复到当前状态并将控制权移交给位于 ``target`` 的异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1852 +msgid "" +"Like ``SETUP_FINALLY``, but in case of an exception also pushes the last " +"instruction (``lasti``) to the stack so that ``RERAISE`` can restore it. If " +"an exception occurs, the value stack level and the last instruction on the " +"frame are restored to their current state, and control is transferred to the" +" exception handler at ``target``." +msgstr "" +"与 ``SETUP_FINALLY`` 类似，但在出现异常的情况下也会将最后一条指令 (``lasti``) 推入栈以便 ``RERAISE`` " +"能恢复它。 如果出现异常，栈级别值和帧上的最后一条指令将恢复为其当前状态，控制权将转移到 ``target`` 上的异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1861 +msgid "" +"Like ``SETUP_CLEANUP``, but in case of an exception one more item is popped " +"from the stack before control is transferred to the exception handler at " +"``target``." +msgstr "" +"与 ``SETUP_CLEANUP`` 类似，但在出现异常的情况下会从栈中再弹出一项然后将控制权转移到 ``target`` 上的异常处理器。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1865 +msgid "" +"This variant is used in :keyword:`with` and :keyword:`async with` " +"constructs, which push the return value of the context manager's " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` or :meth:`~object.__aenter__` to the stack." +msgstr "" +"该变体形式用于 :keyword:`with` 和 :keyword:`async with` 结构，它们会将上下文管理器的 " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` 或 :meth:`~object.__aenter__` 的返回值推入栈。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1872 +msgid "" +"Marks the end of the code block associated with the last ``SETUP_FINALLY``, " +"``SETUP_CLEANUP`` or ``SETUP_WITH``." +msgstr "" +"标记与最后一个 ``SETUP_FINALLY``、``SETUP_CLEANUP`` 或 ``SETUP_WITH`` 相关联的代码块的结束。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1878 +msgid "" +"Undirected relative jump instructions which are replaced by their directed " +"(forward/backward) counterparts by the assembler." +msgstr "非定向相对跳转指令会被汇编器转换为它们定向版本（ forward/backward ）" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1883 +msgid "" +"Pushes a reference to the cell contained in slot ``i`` of the \"fast " +"locals\" storage." +msgstr "将一个引用推入到 \"fast locals\" 存储包含在 ``i`` 号槽位的单元内。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1886 +msgid "" +"Note that ``LOAD_CLOSURE`` is replaced with ``LOAD_FAST`` in the assembler." +msgstr "请注意在汇编程序中 ``LOAD_CLOSURE`` 将被替换为 ``LOAD_FAST``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1888 +msgid "This opcode is now a pseudo-instruction." +msgstr "该操作码现在是一个伪指令。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1894 +msgid "" +"Optimized unbound method lookup. Emitted as a ``LOAD_ATTR`` opcode with a " +"flag set in the arg." +msgstr "经优化的非绑定方法查找。 以在 arg 中设置了旗标的 ``LOAD_ATTR`` 操作码的形式发出。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1901 +msgid "Opcode collections" +msgstr "操作码集合" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"These collections are provided for automatic introspection of bytecode " +"instructions:" +msgstr "提供这些集合用于字节码指令的自动内省：" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1906 +msgid "" +"The collections now contain pseudo instructions and instrumented " +"instructions as well. These are opcodes with values ``>= MIN_PSEUDO_OPCODE``" +" and ``>= MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE``." +msgstr "" +"现在此集合还包含一些伪指令和工具化指令。 这些操作码的值 ``>= MIN_PSEUDO_OPCODE`` 和 ``>= " +"MIN_INSTRUMENTED_OPCODE``。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1913 +msgid "Sequence of operation names, indexable using the bytecode." +msgstr "操作名称的序列，可使用字节码来索引。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1918 +msgid "Dictionary mapping operation names to bytecodes." +msgstr "映射操作名称到字节码的字典" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1923 +msgid "Sequence of all compare operation names." +msgstr "所有比较操作名称的序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1928 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that use their argument." +msgstr "所有使用参数的字节码的序列" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1935 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that access a constant." +msgstr "访问常量的字节码序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1940 +msgid "" +"Sequence of bytecodes that access a :term:`free (closure) variable `. 'free' in this context refers to names in the current scope that" +" are referenced by inner scopes or names in outer scopes that are referenced" +" from this scope. It does *not* include references to global or builtin " +"scopes." +msgstr "" +"访问 :term:`自由（闭包）变量 ` 的字节码序列。 " +"这里所说的‘自由’是指在当前作用域中被内层作用域所引用的名称，或在外层作用域中被此作用域所引用的名称。 它 *并不* 包括对全局或内置作用域的引用。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1948 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that access an attribute by name." +msgstr "按名称访问属性的字节码序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1953 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that have a jump target. All jumps are relative." +msgstr "具有一个跳转目标的字节码序列。 所有跳转都是相对的。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1960 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that access a local variable." +msgstr "访问局部变量的字节码序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1965 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes of Boolean operations." +msgstr "布尔运算的字节码序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1969 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that set an exception handler." +msgstr "设置一个异常处理器的字节码序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1976 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that have a relative jump target." +msgstr "具有相对跳转目标的字节码序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1978 +msgid "All jumps are now relative. Use :data:`hasjump`." +msgstr "所有跳转现在都是相对的。 使用 :data:`hasjump`。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1984 +msgid "Sequence of bytecodes that have an absolute jump target." +msgstr "具有绝对跳转目标的字节码序列。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1986 +msgid "All jumps are now relative. This list is empty." +msgstr "所有跳转现在都是相对的。 该列表将为空。" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1602 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../library/dis.rst:1602 +msgid "slice" +msgstr "slice -- 切片" diff --git a/library/distribution.po b/library/distribution.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d3117a2d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/distribution.po @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: ProgramRipper, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/distribution.rst:3 +msgid "Software Packaging and Distribution" +msgstr "软件打包和分发" + +#: ../../library/distribution.rst:5 +msgid "" +"These libraries help you with publishing and installing Python software. " +"While these modules are designed to work in conjunction with the `Python " +"Package Index `__, they can also be used with a local " +"index server, or without any index server at all." +msgstr "" +"这些库可帮助你发布和安装 Python 软件。 虽然这些模块设计为与 `Python 包索引 `_ " +"结合使用，但它们也可以与本地索引服务器一起使用，或者根本不使用任何索引服务器。" diff --git a/library/distutils.po b/library/distutils.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dcb37d53 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/distutils.po @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kade For, 2021 +# Kelly Hwong , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`distutils` --- Building and installing Python modules" +msgstr ":mod:`distutils` --- 构建和安装 Python 模块" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:12 +msgid "" +":mod:`distutils` is deprecated with removal planned for Python 3.12. See the" +" :ref:`What's New ` entry for more information." +msgstr "" +":mod:`distutils` 已被弃用并计划在 Python 3.12 中移除。 请参阅 :ref:`有什么新变化 ` 条目了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`distutils` package provides support for building and installing " +"additional modules into a Python installation. The new modules may be " +"either 100%-pure Python, or may be extension modules written in C, or may be" +" collections of Python packages which include modules coded in both Python " +"and C." +msgstr "" +":mod:`distutils` 包为将待构建和安装的额外的模块，打包成 Python 安装包提供支持。新模块既可以是百分百的纯 " +"Python，也可以是用 C 写的扩展模块，或者可以是一组包含了同时用 Python 和 C 编码的 Python 包。" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Most Python users will *not* want to use this module directly, but instead " +"use the cross-version tools maintained by the Python Packaging Authority. In" +" particular, `setuptools `__ " +"is an enhanced alternative to :mod:`distutils` that provides:" +msgstr "" +"大多数 Python 用户 *不会* 想要直接使用这个包，而是使用 Python 包官方维护的跨版本工具。特别地， `setuptools " +"`__ 是一个对于 :mod:`distutils` " +"的增强选项，它能提供：" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:28 +msgid "support for declaring project dependencies" +msgstr "对声明项目依赖的支持" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:29 +msgid "" +"additional mechanisms for configuring which files to include in source " +"releases (including plugins for integration with version control systems)" +msgstr "额外的用于配置哪些文件包含在源代码发布中的机制（包括与版本控制系统集成需要的插件）" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:31 +msgid "" +"the ability to declare project \"entry points\", which can be used as the " +"basis for application plugin systems" +msgstr "生成项目“进入点”的能力，进入点可用作应用插件系统的基础" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:33 +msgid "" +"the ability to automatically generate Windows command line executables at " +"installation time rather than needing to prebuild them" +msgstr "自动在安装时间生成 Windows 命令行可执行文件的能力，而不是需要预编译它们" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:35 +msgid "consistent behaviour across all supported Python versions" +msgstr "跨所有受支持的 Python 版本上的一致的表现" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The recommended `pip `__ installer runs all " +"``setup.py`` scripts with ``setuptools``, even if the script itself only " +"imports ``distutils``. Refer to the `Python Packaging User Guide " +"`_ for more information." +msgstr "" +"推荐的 `pip `__ 安装器用 ``setuptools`` 运行所有的 ``setup.py`` " +"脚本，即使脚本本身只引了 ``distutils`` 包。参考 `Python Packaging User Guide " +"`_  获得更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:43 +msgid "" +"For the benefits of packaging tool authors and users seeking a deeper " +"understanding of the details of the current packaging and distribution " +"system, the legacy :mod:`distutils` based user documentation and API " +"reference remain available:" +msgstr "为了打包工具的作者和用户能更好理解当前的打包和分发系统，遗留的基于 :mod:`distutils` 的用户文档和 API 参考保持可用：" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:48 +msgid ":ref:`install-index`" +msgstr ":ref:`install-index`" + +#: ../../library/distutils.rst:49 +msgid ":ref:`distutils-index`" +msgstr ":ref:`distutils-index`" diff --git a/library/doctest.po b/library/doctest.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9513ada37 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/doctest.po @@ -0,0 +1,3323 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# meowmeowcat , 2021 +# CCXXXI , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# sunsol s , 2023 +# LeeWendao , 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!doctest` --- Test interactive Python examples" +msgstr ":mod:`!doctest` --- 测试交互式的 Python 示例" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/doctest.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/doctest.py`" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`doctest` module searches for pieces of text that look like " +"interactive Python sessions, and then executes those sessions to verify that" +" they work exactly as shown. There are several common ways to use doctest:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`doctest` " +"模块寻找像Python交互式代码的文本，然后执行这些代码来确保它们的确就像展示的那样正确运行，有许多方法来使用doctest：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:20 +msgid "" +"To check that a module's docstrings are up-to-date by verifying that all " +"interactive examples still work as documented." +msgstr "通过验证所有交互式示例仍然按照记录的方式工作，以此来检查模块的文档字符串是否是最新的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:23 +msgid "" +"To perform regression testing by verifying that interactive examples from a " +"test file or a test object work as expected." +msgstr "通过验证来自一个测试文件或一个测试对象的交互式示例按预期工作，来进行回归测试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:26 +msgid "" +"To write tutorial documentation for a package, liberally illustrated with " +"input-output examples. Depending on whether the examples or the expository " +"text are emphasized, this has the flavor of \"literate testing\" or " +"\"executable documentation\"." +msgstr "为一个包写指导性的文档，用输入输出的例子来说明。 取决于是强调例子还是说明性的文字，这有一种 \"文本测试 \"或 \"可执行文档 \"的风格。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:31 +msgid "Here's a complete but small example module::" +msgstr "下面是一个小却完整的示例模块::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:33 +msgid "" +"\"\"\"\n" +"This is the \"example\" module.\n" +"\n" +"The example module supplies one function, factorial(). For example,\n" +"\n" +">>> factorial(5)\n" +"120\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"def factorial(n):\n" +" \"\"\"Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.\n" +"\n" +" >>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]\n" +" [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]\n" +" >>> factorial(30)\n" +" 265252859812191058636308480000000\n" +" >>> factorial(-1)\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" ValueError: n must be >= 0\n" +"\n" +" Factorials of floats are OK, but the float must be an exact integer:\n" +" >>> factorial(30.1)\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" ValueError: n must be exact integer\n" +" >>> factorial(30.0)\n" +" 265252859812191058636308480000000\n" +"\n" +" It must also not be ridiculously large:\n" +" >>> factorial(1e100)\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" OverflowError: n too large\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" import math\n" +" if not n >= 0:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"n must be >= 0\")\n" +" if math.floor(n) != n:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"n must be exact integer\")\n" +" if n+1 == n: # catch a value like 1e300\n" +" raise OverflowError(\"n too large\")\n" +" result = 1\n" +" factor = 2\n" +" while factor <= n:\n" +" result *= factor\n" +" factor += 1\n" +" return result\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" import doctest\n" +" doctest.testmod()" +msgstr "" +"\"\"\"\n" +"This is the \"example\" module.\n" +"\n" +"The example module supplies one function, factorial(). For example,\n" +"\n" +">>> factorial(5)\n" +"120\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"def factorial(n):\n" +" \"\"\"Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.\n" +"\n" +" >>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]\n" +" [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]\n" +" >>> factorial(30)\n" +" 265252859812191058636308480000000\n" +" >>> factorial(-1)\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" ValueError: n must be >= 0\n" +"\n" +" Factorials of floats are OK, but the float must be an exact integer:\n" +" >>> factorial(30.1)\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" ValueError: n must be exact integer\n" +" >>> factorial(30.0)\n" +" 265252859812191058636308480000000\n" +"\n" +" It must also not be ridiculously large:\n" +" >>> factorial(1e100)\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" OverflowError: n too large\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" import math\n" +" if not n >= 0:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"n must be >= 0\")\n" +" if math.floor(n) != n:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"n must be exact integer\")\n" +" if n+1 == n: # 捕获像 1e300 这样的值\n" +" raise OverflowError(\"n too large\")\n" +" result = 1\n" +" factor = 2\n" +" while factor <= n:\n" +" result *= factor\n" +" factor += 1\n" +" return result\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" import doctest\n" +" doctest.testmod()" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:88 +msgid "" +"If you run :file:`example.py` directly from the command line, :mod:`doctest`" +" works its magic:" +msgstr "如果你直接在命令行里运行 :file:`example.py` ， :mod:`doctest` 将发挥它的作用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:91 +msgid "" +"$ python example.py\n" +"$" +msgstr "" +"$ python example.py\n" +"$" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:96 +msgid "" +"There's no output! That's normal, and it means all the examples worked. " +"Pass ``-v`` to the script, and :mod:`doctest` prints a detailed log of what " +"it's trying, and prints a summary at the end:" +msgstr "" +"没有输出！ 这很正常，这意味着所有的例子都成功了。 把 ``-v`` 传给脚本，:mod:`doctest` " +"会打印出它所尝试的详细日志，并在最后打印出一个总结。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:100 +msgid "" +"$ python example.py -v\n" +"Trying:\n" +" factorial(5)\n" +"Expecting:\n" +" 120\n" +"ok\n" +"Trying:\n" +" [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]\n" +"Expecting:\n" +" [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]\n" +"ok" +msgstr "" +"$ python example.py -v\n" +"Trying:\n" +" factorial(5)\n" +"Expecting:\n" +" 120\n" +"ok\n" +"Trying:\n" +" [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]\n" +"Expecting:\n" +" [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]\n" +"ok" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:114 +msgid "And so on, eventually ending with:" +msgstr "以此类推，最终以：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Trying:\n" +" factorial(1e100)\n" +"Expecting:\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" OverflowError: n too large\n" +"ok\n" +"2 items passed all tests:\n" +" 1 test in __main__\n" +" 6 tests in __main__.factorial\n" +"7 tests in 2 items.\n" +"7 passed.\n" +"Test passed.\n" +"$" +msgstr "" +"Trying:\n" +" factorial(1e100)\n" +"Expecting:\n" +" Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +" OverflowError: n too large\n" +"ok\n" +"2 items passed all tests:\n" +" 1 test in __main__\n" +" 6 tests in __main__.factorial\n" +"7 tests in 2 items.\n" +"7 passed.\n" +"Test passed.\n" +"$" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:133 +msgid "" +"That's all you need to know to start making productive use of " +":mod:`doctest`! Jump in. The following sections provide full details. Note" +" that there are many examples of doctests in the standard Python test suite " +"and libraries. Especially useful examples can be found in the standard test " +"file :file:`Lib/test/test_doctest/test_doctest.py`." +msgstr "" +"这就是关于高效使用 :mod:`doctest` 你所需要知道的一切！ 开始上手吧。 下面的小节提供了完整细节。 请注意在标准 Python " +"测试套件和库中有许多 doctest 的例子。 特别有用的例子可以在标准测试文件 " +":file:`Lib/test/test_doctest/test_doctest.py` 中找到。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:143 +msgid "Simple Usage: Checking Examples in Docstrings" +msgstr "简单用法：检查Docstrings中的示例" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The simplest way to start using doctest (but not necessarily the way you'll " +"continue to do it) is to end each module :mod:`!M` with::" +msgstr "开始使用 doctest 的最简单方式（但不一定是你今后沿用的方式）是这样结束每个模块 :mod:`!M`::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:148 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" import doctest\n" +" doctest.testmod()" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" import doctest\n" +" doctest.testmod()" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:152 +msgid ":mod:`!doctest` then examines docstrings in module :mod:`!M`." +msgstr ":mod:`!doctest` 会随后检查模块 :mod:`!M` 中的文档字符串。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Running the module as a script causes the examples in the docstrings to get " +"executed and verified::" +msgstr "以脚本形式运行该模块会使文档中的例子得到执行和验证::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:157 +msgid "python M.py" +msgstr "python M.py" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:159 +msgid "" +"This won't display anything unless an example fails, in which case the " +"failing example(s) and the cause(s) of the failure(s) are printed to stdout," +" and the final line of output is ``***Test Failed*** N failures.``, where " +"*N* is the number of examples that failed." +msgstr "" +"这不会显示任何东西，除非一个例子失败了，在这种情况下，失败的例子和失败的原因会被打印到stdout，最后一行的输出是 ``***Test " +"Failed*** N failures.``，其中 *N* 是失败的例子的数量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:164 +msgid "Run it with the ``-v`` switch instead::" +msgstr "用 ``-v`` 来运行它来切换，而不是::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:166 +msgid "python M.py -v" +msgstr "python M.py -v" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:168 +msgid "" +"and a detailed report of all examples tried is printed to standard output, " +"along with assorted summaries at the end." +msgstr "并将所有尝试过的例子的详细报告打印到标准输出，最后还有各种总结。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:171 +msgid "" +"You can force verbose mode by passing ``verbose=True`` to :func:`testmod`, " +"or prohibit it by passing ``verbose=False``. In either of those cases, " +"``sys.argv`` is not examined by :func:`testmod` (so passing ``-v`` or not " +"has no effect)." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过向 :func:`testmod` 传递 ``verbose=True`` 来强制执行 verbose 模式，或者通过传递 " +"``verbose=False`` 来禁止它。 在这两种情况下，``sys.argv`` 都不会被 :func:`testmod` 检查（所以传递 " +"``-v`` 或不传递都没有影响）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:176 +msgid "" +"There is also a command line shortcut for running :func:`testmod`, see " +"section :ref:`doctest-cli`." +msgstr "另外还有一个运行 :func:`testmod` 的命令行快捷方式，参见 :ref:`doctest-cli` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:179 +msgid "" +"For more information on :func:`testmod`, see section :ref:`doctest-basic-" +"api`." +msgstr "关于 :func:`testmod` 的更多信息，请参见 :ref:`doctest-basic-api` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:185 +msgid "Simple Usage: Checking Examples in a Text File" +msgstr "简单的用法：检查文本文件中的例子" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Another simple application of doctest is testing interactive examples in a " +"text file. This can be done with the :func:`testfile` function::" +msgstr "doctest 的另一个简单应用是测试文本文件中的交互式例子。 这可以用 :func:`testfile` 函数来完成::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:190 +msgid "" +"import doctest\n" +"doctest.testfile(\"example.txt\")" +msgstr "" +"import doctest\n" +"doctest.testfile(\"example.txt\")" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:193 +msgid "" +"That short script executes and verifies any interactive Python examples " +"contained in the file :file:`example.txt`. The file content is treated as " +"if it were a single giant docstring; the file doesn't need to contain a " +"Python program! For example, perhaps :file:`example.txt` contains this:" +msgstr "" +"这个简短的脚本执行并验证文件 :file:`example.txt` 中包含的任何交互式 Python " +"示例。该文件的内容被当作一个巨大的文档串来处理；该文件不需要包含一个Python程序！例如，也许 :file:`example.txt` 包含以下内容:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:198 +msgid "" +"The ``example`` module\n" +"======================\n" +"\n" +"Using ``factorial``\n" +"-------------------\n" +"\n" +"This is an example text file in reStructuredText format. First import\n" +"``factorial`` from the ``example`` module:\n" +"\n" +" >>> from example import factorial\n" +"\n" +"Now use it:\n" +"\n" +" >>> factorial(6)\n" +" 120" +msgstr "" +"The ``example`` module\n" +"======================\n" +"\n" +"Using ``factorial``\n" +"-------------------\n" +"\n" +"This is an example text file in reStructuredText format. First import\n" +"``factorial`` from the ``example`` module:\n" +"\n" +" >>> from example import factorial\n" +"\n" +"Now use it:\n" +"\n" +" >>> factorial(6)\n" +" 120" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Running ``doctest.testfile(\"example.txt\")`` then finds the error in this " +"documentation::" +msgstr "运行 ``doctest.testfile(\"example.txt\")``，然后发现这个文档中的错误::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:219 +msgid "" +"File \"./example.txt\", line 14, in example.txt\n" +"Failed example:\n" +" factorial(6)\n" +"Expected:\n" +" 120\n" +"Got:\n" +" 720" +msgstr "" +"File \"./example.txt\", line 14, in example.txt\n" +"Failed example:\n" +" factorial(6)\n" +"Expected:\n" +" 120\n" +"Got:\n" +" 720" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:227 +msgid "" +"As with :func:`testmod`, :func:`testfile` won't display anything unless an " +"example fails. If an example does fail, then the failing example(s) and the" +" cause(s) of the failure(s) are printed to stdout, using the same format as " +":func:`testmod`." +msgstr "" +"与 :func:`testmod` 一样， :func:`testfile` 不会显示任何东西，除非一个例子失败。 " +"如果一个例子失败了，那么失败的例子和失败的原因将被打印到stdout，使用的格式与 :func:`testmod` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:232 +msgid "" +"By default, :func:`testfile` looks for files in the calling module's " +"directory. See section :ref:`doctest-basic-api` for a description of the " +"optional arguments that can be used to tell it to look for files in other " +"locations." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，:func:`testfile` 在调用模块的目录中寻找文件。参见章节 :ref:`doctest-basic-" +"api`，了解可用于告诉它在其他位置寻找文件的可选参数的描述。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`testmod`, :func:`testfile`'s verbosity can be set with the " +"``-v`` command-line switch or with the optional keyword argument *verbose*." +msgstr "" +"像 :func:`testmod` 一样，:func:`testfile` 的详细程度可以通过命令行 ``-v`` 切换或可选的关键字参数 " +"*verbose* 来设置。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:240 +msgid "" +"There is also a command line shortcut for running :func:`testfile`, see " +"section :ref:`doctest-cli`." +msgstr "另外还有一个运行 :func:`testfile` 的命令行快捷方式，参见 :ref:`doctest-cli` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:243 +msgid "" +"For more information on :func:`testfile`, see section :ref:`doctest-basic-" +"api`." +msgstr "关于 :func:`testfile` 的更多信息，请参见 :ref:`doctest-basic-api` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:249 +msgid "Command-line Usage" +msgstr "命令行用法" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:251 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`doctest` module can be invoked as a script from the command line:" +msgstr ":mod:`doctest` 模块可以在命令行下作为一个脚本来唤起：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:253 +msgid "python -m doctest [-v] [-o OPTION] [-f] file [file ...]" +msgstr "python -m doctest [-v] [-o OPTION] [-f] file [file ...]" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Detailed report of all examples tried is printed to standard output, along " +"with assorted summaries at the end::" +msgstr "所有尝试过的例子的详细报告将被打印到标准输出，最后还会带上各种总结::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:264 +msgid "python -m doctest -v example.py" +msgstr "python -m doctest -v example.py" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:266 +msgid "" +"This will import :file:`example.py` as a standalone module and run " +":func:`testmod` on it. Note that this may not work correctly if the file is " +"part of a package and imports other submodules from that package." +msgstr "" +"这会将 :file:`example.py` 作为独立模块导入并对其运行 :func:`testmod`。 " +"请注意如果文件是某个包的一部分并且从那个包导入了其他子模块则此命令可能无法正确工作。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:270 +msgid "" +"If the file name does not end with :file:`.py`, :mod:`!doctest` infers that " +"it must be run with :func:`testfile` instead::" +msgstr "" +"如果文件名不是以 :file:`.py` 结尾，:mod:`!doctest` 将推断它必须改用 :func:`testfile` 来运行::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:273 +msgid "python -m doctest -v example.txt" +msgstr "python -m doctest -v example.txt" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Option flags control various aspects of doctest's behavior, see section " +":ref:`doctest-options`." +msgstr "控制 doctest 行为的各种不同方面，参见 :ref:`doctest-options` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:284 +msgid "This is shorthand for ``-o FAIL_FAST``." +msgstr "这是 ``-o FAIL_FAST`` 的简写形式。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:292 +msgid "How It Works" +msgstr "它是如何工作的" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:294 +msgid "" +"This section examines in detail how doctest works: which docstrings it looks" +" at, how it finds interactive examples, what execution context it uses, how " +"it handles exceptions, and how option flags can be used to control its " +"behavior. This is the information that you need to know to write doctest " +"examples; for information about actually running doctest on these examples, " +"see the following sections." +msgstr "" +"这一节详细研究了doctest的工作原理：它查看哪些文档串，它如何找到交互式的用例，它使用什么执行环境，它如何处理异常，以及如何用选项标志来控制其行为。这是你写doctest例子所需要知道的信息；关于在这些例子上实际运行doctest的信息，请看下面的章节。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:305 +msgid "Which Docstrings Are Examined?" +msgstr "哪些文件串被检查了？" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The module docstring, and all function, class and method docstrings are " +"searched. Objects imported into the module are not searched." +msgstr "模块的文档串以及所有函数、类和方法的文档串都将被搜索。 导入模块的对象不被搜索。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:310 +msgid "" +"In addition, there are cases when you want tests to be part of a module but " +"not part of the help text, which requires that the tests not be included in " +"the docstring. Doctest looks for a module-level variable called ``__test__``" +" and uses it to locate other tests. If ``M.__test__`` exists, it must be a " +"dict, and each entry maps a (string) name to a function object, class " +"object, or string. Function and class object docstrings found from " +"``M.__test__`` are searched, and strings are treated as if they were " +"docstrings. In output, a key ``K`` in ``M.__test__`` appears with name " +"``M.__test__.K``." +msgstr "" +"此外，有时你会希望测试成为模块的一部分但不是帮助文本的一部分，这就要求测试不包括在文档字符串中。 在此情况下 doctest 会查找一个名为 " +"``__test__`` 的模块级变量并用它来定位其他测试。 如果 ``M.__test__`` " +"存在，则它必须是一个字典，其中每个条目都是将（字符串）名称映射到函数对象、类对象或字符串。 从 ``M.__test__`` " +"找到的函数和类对象的文档字符串将会被搜索，字符串会被当作文档字符串来处理。 在输出中，``M.__test__`` 中的键 ``K`` 将作为名称 " +"``M.__test__.K`` 出现。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:319 +msgid "" +"For example, place this block of code at the top of :file:`example.py`:" +msgstr "例如，将这段代码放在 :file:`example.py` 的开头:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:321 +msgid "" +"__test__ = {\n" +" 'numbers': \"\"\"\n" +">>> factorial(6)\n" +"720\n" +"\n" +">>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]\n" +"[1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"__test__ = {\n" +" 'numbers': \"\"\"\n" +">>> factorial(6)\n" +"720\n" +"\n" +">>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]\n" +"[1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"}" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The value of ``example.__test__[\"numbers\"]`` will be treated as a " +"docstring and all the tests inside it will be run. It is important to note " +"that the value can be mapped to a function, class object, or module; if so, " +":mod:`!doctest` searches them recursively for docstrings, which are then " +"scanned for tests." +msgstr "" +"``example.__test__[\"numbers\"]`` 的值将被视为一个文档字符串并且其中的所有测试将被运行。 " +"重要的注意事项是该值可以被映射到一个函数、类对象或模块；如果是这样的话，:mod:`!doctest` " +"会递归地搜索它们的文档字符串，然后扫描其中的测试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Any classes found are recursively searched similarly, to test docstrings in " +"their contained methods and nested classes." +msgstr "任何发现的类都会以类似的方式进行递归搜索，以测试其包含的方法和嵌套类中的文档串。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:346 +msgid "How are Docstring Examples Recognized?" +msgstr "文档串的例子是如何被识别的？" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:348 +msgid "" +"In most cases a copy-and-paste of an interactive console session works fine," +" but doctest isn't trying to do an exact emulation of any specific Python " +"shell." +msgstr "" +"在大多数情况下，对交互式控制台会话的复制和粘贴功能工作得很好，但是 doctest 并不试图对任何特定的 Python shell 进行精确的模拟。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:353 +msgid "" +">>> # comments are ignored\n" +">>> x = 12\n" +">>> x\n" +"12\n" +">>> if x == 13:\n" +"... print(\"yes\")\n" +"... else:\n" +"... print(\"no\")\n" +"... print(\"NO\")\n" +"... print(\"NO!!!\")\n" +"...\n" +"no\n" +"NO\n" +"NO!!!\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> # 注释将被忽略\n" +">>> x = 12\n" +">>> x\n" +"12\n" +">>> if x == 13:\n" +"... print(\"yes\")\n" +"... else:\n" +"... print(\"no\")\n" +"... print(\"NO\")\n" +"... print(\"NO!!!\")\n" +"...\n" +"no\n" +"NO\n" +"NO!!!\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:373 +msgid "" +"Any expected output must immediately follow the final ``'>>> '`` or ``'... " +"'`` line containing the code, and the expected output (if any) extends to " +"the next ``'>>> '`` or all-whitespace line." +msgstr "" +"任何预期的输出必须紧随包含代码的最后 ``'>>> '`` 或 ``'... '`` 行，预期的输出（如果有的话）延伸到下一 ``'>>> '`` " +"行或全空白行。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:377 +msgid "The fine print:" +msgstr "fine输出：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Expected output cannot contain an all-whitespace line, since such a line is " +"taken to signal the end of expected output. If expected output does contain" +" a blank line, put ```` in your doctest example each place a " +"blank line is expected." +msgstr "" +"预期输出不能包含一个全白的行，因为这样的行被认为是预期输出的结束信号。 如果预期的输出包含一个空行，在你的测试例子中，在每一个预期有空行的地方加上 " +"````。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:384 +msgid "" +"All hard tab characters are expanded to spaces, using 8-column tab stops. " +"Tabs in output generated by the tested code are not modified. Because any " +"hard tabs in the sample output *are* expanded, this means that if the code " +"output includes hard tabs, the only way the doctest can pass is if the " +":const:`NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE` option or :ref:`directive ` is in effect. Alternatively, the test can be rewritten to " +"capture the output and compare it to an expected value as part of the test." +" This handling of tabs in the source was arrived at through trial and " +"error, and has proven to be the least error prone way of handling them. It " +"is possible to use a different algorithm for handling tabs by writing a " +"custom :class:`DocTestParser` class." +msgstr "" +"所有硬制表符都被扩展为空格，使用 8 列的制表符。由测试代码生成的输出中的制表符不会被修改。 " +"因为样本输出中的任何硬制表符都会被扩展，这意味着如果代码输出包括硬制表符，文档测试通过的唯一方法是 " +":const:`NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE` 选项或者 :ref:`指令 ` 是有效的。 " +"另外，测试可以被重写，以捕获输出并将其与预期值进行比较，作为测试的一部分。这种对源码中标签的处理是通过试错得出的，并被证明是最不容易出错的处理方式。通过编写一个自定义的" +" :class:`DocTestParser` 类，可以使用一个不同的算法来处理标签。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Output to stdout is captured, but not output to stderr (exception tracebacks" +" are captured via a different means)." +msgstr "向stdout的输出被捕获，但不向stderr输出（异常回溯通过不同的方式被捕获）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:399 +msgid "" +"If you continue a line via backslashing in an interactive session, or for " +"any other reason use a backslash, you should use a raw docstring, which will" +" preserve your backslashes exactly as you type them::" +msgstr "如果你在交互式会话中通过反斜线续行，或出于任何其他原因使用反斜线，你应该使用原始文件串，它将完全保留你输入的反斜线::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:403 +msgid "" +">>> def f(x):\n" +"... r'''Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\n'''\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(f.__doc__)\n" +"Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\n" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(x):\n" +"... r'''Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\n'''\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(f.__doc__)\n" +"Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\n" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, the backslash will be interpreted as part of the string. For " +"example, the ``\\n`` above would be interpreted as a newline character. " +"Alternatively, you can double each backslash in the doctest version (and not" +" use a raw string)::" +msgstr "" +"否则，反斜杠将被解释为字符串的一部分。例如，上面的 ``\\n`` 会被解释为一个换行符。 " +"另外，你可以在doctest版本中把每个反斜杠加倍（而不使用原始字符串）::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:413 +msgid "" +">>> def f(x):\n" +"... '''Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\\\n'''\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(f.__doc__)\n" +"Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\n" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(x):\n" +"... '''Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\\\n'''\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(f.__doc__)\n" +"Backslashes in a raw docstring: m\\n" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:419 +msgid "The starting column doesn't matter::" +msgstr "起始列并不重要::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:421 +msgid "" +">>> assert \"Easy!\"\n" +" >>> import math\n" +" >>> math.floor(1.9)\n" +" 1" +msgstr "" +">>> assert \"Easy!\"\n" +" >>> import math\n" +" >>> math.floor(1.9)\n" +" 1" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:426 +msgid "" +"and as many leading whitespace characters are stripped from the expected " +"output as appeared in the initial ``'>>> '`` line that started the example." +msgstr "并从预期的输出中剥离出与开始该例子的初始 ``'>>> '`` 行中出现的同样多的前导空白字符。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:433 +msgid "What's the Execution Context?" +msgstr "什么是执行上下文？" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:435 +msgid "" +"By default, each time :mod:`doctest` finds a docstring to test, it uses a " +"*shallow copy* of :mod:`!M`'s globals, so that running tests doesn't change " +"the module's real globals, and so that one test in :mod:`!M` can't leave " +"behind crumbs that accidentally allow another test to work. This means " +"examples can freely use any names defined at top-level in :mod:`!M`, and " +"names defined earlier in the docstring being run. Examples cannot see names " +"defined in other docstrings." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，每次 :mod:`doctest` 找到要测试的文档字符串时，它都会使用 :mod:`!M` 的全局变量的一个 " +"*浅拷贝*，这样运行测试就不会改变模块真正的全局变量，并且 :mod:`!M` 中的一个测试也不会留下任何痕迹从而意外地让另一个测试通过。 " +"这意味着示例可以自由地使用 :mod:`!M` 中任何在最高层级上定义的名称，以及正在运行的文档字符串中之前定义的名称。 " +"示例将无法看到在其他文档字符串中定义的名称。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:443 +msgid "" +"You can force use of your own dict as the execution context by passing " +"``globs=your_dict`` to :func:`testmod` or :func:`testfile` instead." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过将 ``globs=your_dict`` 传递给 :func:`testmod` 或 :func:`testfile` " +"来强制使用你自己的dict作为执行环境。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:450 +msgid "What About Exceptions?" +msgstr "异常如何处理？" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:452 +msgid "" +"No problem, provided that the traceback is the only output produced by the " +"example: just paste in the traceback. [#]_ Since tracebacks contain details" +" that are likely to change rapidly (for example, exact file paths and line " +"numbers), this is one case where doctest works hard to be flexible in what " +"it accepts." +msgstr "" +"没问题，只要回溯是这个例子产生的唯一输出：只要粘贴回溯即可。[#]_ " +"由于回溯所包含的细节可能会迅速变化（例如，确切的文件路径和行号），这是doctest努力使其接受的内容具有灵活性的一种情况。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:458 +msgid "Simple example::" +msgstr "简单实例::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:460 +msgid "" +">>> [1, 2, 3].remove(42)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list" +msgstr "" +">>> [1, 2, 3].remove(42)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:465 +msgid "" +"That doctest succeeds if :exc:`ValueError` is raised, with the " +"``list.remove(x): x not in list`` detail as shown." +msgstr "" +"如果 :exc:`ValueError` 被触发，该测试就会成功，``list.remove(x): x not in list`` 的细节如图所示。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:468 +msgid "" +"The expected output for an exception must start with a traceback header, " +"which may be either of the following two lines, indented the same as the " +"first line of the example::" +msgstr "异常的预期输出必须以回溯头开始，可以是以下两行中的任何一行，缩进程度与例子中的第一行相同::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:472 +msgid "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"Traceback (innermost last):" +msgstr "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"Traceback (innermost last):" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:475 +msgid "" +"The traceback header is followed by an optional traceback stack, whose " +"contents are ignored by doctest. The traceback stack is typically omitted, " +"or copied verbatim from an interactive session." +msgstr "回溯头的后面是一个可选的回溯堆栈，其内容被doctest忽略。 回溯堆栈通常是省略的，或者从交互式会话中逐字复制的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:479 +msgid "" +"The traceback stack is followed by the most interesting part: the line(s) " +"containing the exception type and detail. This is usually the last line of " +"a traceback, but can extend across multiple lines if the exception has a " +"multi-line detail::" +msgstr "回溯堆栈的后面是最有用的部分：包含异常类型和细节的一行（几行）。 这通常是回溯的最后一行，但如果异常有多行细节，则可以延伸到多行::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:484 +msgid "" +">>> raise ValueError('multi\\n line\\ndetail')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: multi\n" +" line\n" +"detail" +msgstr "" +">>> raise ValueError('multi\\n line\\ndetail')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: multi\n" +" line\n" +"detail" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:491 +msgid "" +"The last three lines (starting with :exc:`ValueError`) are compared against " +"the exception's type and detail, and the rest are ignored." +msgstr "最后三行（以 :exc:`ValueError` 开头）将与异常的类型和细节进行比较，其余的被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Best practice is to omit the traceback stack, unless it adds significant " +"documentation value to the example. So the last example is probably better " +"as::" +msgstr "最佳实践是省略回溯栈，除非它为这个例子增加了重要的文档价值。 因此，最后一个例子可能更好，因为::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:497 +msgid "" +">>> raise ValueError('multi\\n line\\ndetail')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: multi\n" +" line\n" +"detail" +msgstr "" +">>> raise ValueError('multi\\n line\\ndetail')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: multi\n" +" line\n" +"detail" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:504 +msgid "" +"Note that tracebacks are treated very specially. In particular, in the " +"rewritten example, the use of ``...`` is independent of doctest's " +":const:`ELLIPSIS` option. The ellipsis in that example could be left out, " +"or could just as well be three (or three hundred) commas or digits, or an " +"indented transcript of a Monty Python skit." +msgstr "" +"请注意，回溯的处理方式非常特别。 特别是，在重写的例子中，``...`` 的使用与 doctest 的 :const:`ELLIPSIS` 选项无关。 " +"该例子中的省略号可以不写，也可以是三个（或三百个）逗号或数字，或者是一个缩进的 Monty Python 短剧的剧本。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:510 +msgid "Some details you should read once, but won't need to remember:" +msgstr "有些细节你应该读一遍，但不需要记住：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:512 +msgid "" +"Doctest can't guess whether your expected output came from an exception " +"traceback or from ordinary printing. So, e.g., an example that expects " +"``ValueError: 42 is prime`` will pass whether :exc:`ValueError` is actually " +"raised or if the example merely prints that traceback text. In practice, " +"ordinary output rarely begins with a traceback header line, so this doesn't " +"create real problems." +msgstr "" +"Doctest 不能猜测你的预期输出是来自异常回溯还是来自普通打印。 因此，例如，一个期望 ``ValueError: 42 is prime`` " +"的用例将通过测试，无论 :exc:`ValueError` 是真的被触发，或者该用例只是打印了该回溯文本。 " +"在实践中，普通输出很少以回溯标题行开始，所以这不会产生真正的问题。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:519 +msgid "" +"Each line of the traceback stack (if present) must be indented further than " +"the first line of the example, *or* start with a non-alphanumeric character." +" The first line following the traceback header indented the same and " +"starting with an alphanumeric is taken to be the start of the exception " +"detail. Of course this does the right thing for genuine tracebacks." +msgstr "" +"回溯堆栈的每一行（如果有的话）必须比例子的第一行缩进， *或者* " +"以一个非字母数字的字符开始。回溯头之后的第一行缩进程度相同，并且以字母数字开始，被认为是异常细节的开始。当然，这对真正的回溯来说是正确的事情。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:525 +msgid "" +"When the :const:`IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` doctest option is specified, " +"everything following the leftmost colon and any module information in the " +"exception name is ignored." +msgstr "" +"当 :const:`IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` doctest " +"选项被指定时，最左边的冒号后面的所有内容以及异常名称中的任何模块信息都被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:529 +msgid "" +"The interactive shell omits the traceback header line for some " +":exc:`SyntaxError`\\ s. But doctest uses the traceback header line to " +"distinguish exceptions from non-exceptions. So in the rare case where you " +"need to test a :exc:`SyntaxError` that omits the traceback header, you will " +"need to manually add the traceback header line to your test example." +msgstr "" +"交互式 shell 省略了一些 :exc:`SyntaxError` 的回溯头行。但 doctest " +"使用回溯头行来区分异常和非异常。所以在罕见的情况下，如果你需要测试一个省略了回溯头的 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`，你将需要手动添加回溯头行到你的测试用例中。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:537 +msgid "" +"For some exceptions, Python displays the position of the error using ``^`` " +"markers and tildes::" +msgstr "对于某些异常，Python 会使用 ``^`` 标记和波浪号来显示错误位置::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:540 +msgid "" +">>> 1 + None\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" 1 + None\n" +" ~~^~~~~~\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'NoneType'" +msgstr "" +">>> 1 + None\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" 1 + None\n" +" ~~^~~~~~\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'NoneType'" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:546 +msgid "" +"Since the lines showing the position of the error come before the exception " +"type and detail, they are not checked by doctest. For example, the " +"following test would pass, even though it puts the ``^`` marker in the wrong" +" location::" +msgstr "" +"由于显示错误位置的行在异常类型和细节之前，它们不被doctest检查。 例如，下面的测试会通过，尽管它把 ``^`` 标记放在了错误的位置::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:550 +msgid "" +">>> 1 + None\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" 1 + None\n" +" ^~~~~~~~\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'NoneType'" +msgstr "" +">>> 1 + None\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" 1 + None\n" +" ^~~~~~~~\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'NoneType'" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:561 +msgid "Option Flags" +msgstr "选项标记" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:563 +msgid "" +"A number of option flags control various aspects of doctest's behavior. " +"Symbolic names for the flags are supplied as module constants, which can be " +":ref:`bitwise ORed ` together and passed to various functions. The " +"names can also be used in :ref:`doctest directives `, " +"and may be passed to the doctest command line interface via the ``-o`` " +"option." +msgstr "" +"一系列选项旗标控制着 doctest 的各方面行为。 旗标的符号名称以模块常量的形式提供，可以一起 :ref:`bitwise ORed " +"` 并传递给各种函数。 这些名称也可以在 :ref:`doctest directives `" +" 中使用，并且可以通过 ``-o`` 选项传递给 doctest 命令行接口。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:569 +msgid "" +"The first group of options define test semantics, controlling aspects of how" +" doctest decides whether actual output matches an example's expected output:" +msgstr "第一组选项定义了测试语义，控制doctest如何决定实际输出是否与用例的预期输出相匹配方面的问题。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:575 +msgid "" +"By default, if an expected output block contains just ``1``, an actual " +"output block containing just ``1`` or just ``True`` is considered to be a " +"match, and similarly for ``0`` versus ``False``. When " +":const:`DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1` is specified, neither substitution is " +"allowed. The default behavior caters to that Python changed the return type" +" of many functions from integer to boolean; doctests expecting \"little " +"integer\" output still work in these cases. This option will probably go " +"away, but not for several years." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，如果一个预期的输出块只包含 ``1``，那么实际的输出块只包含 ``1`` 或只包含 ``True`` 就被认为是匹配的，同样，``0`` " +"与 ``False`` 也是如此。 当 :const:`DONT_ACCEPT_TRUE_FOR_1` 被指定时，两种替换都不允许。 " +"默认行为是为了适应 Python 将许多函数的返回类型从整数改为布尔值；期望 \"小整数\" 输出的测试在这些情况下仍然有效。 " +"这个选项可能会消失，但不会在几年内消失。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:587 +msgid "" +"By default, if an expected output block contains a line containing only the " +"string ````, then that line will match a blank line in the actual" +" output. Because a genuinely blank line delimits the expected output, this " +"is the only way to communicate that a blank line is expected. When " +":const:`DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE` is specified, this substitution is not " +"allowed." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，如果一个预期输出块包含一个只包含字符串 ```` 的行，那么该行将与实际输出中的一个空行相匹配。 " +"因为一个真正的空行是对预期输出的限定，这是传达预期空行的唯一方法。 当 :const:`DONT_ACCEPT_BLANKLINE` " +"被指定时，这种替换是不允许的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:596 +msgid "" +"When specified, all sequences of whitespace (blanks and newlines) are " +"treated as equal. Any sequence of whitespace within the expected output " +"will match any sequence of whitespace within the actual output. By default, " +"whitespace must match exactly. :const:`NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE` is especially " +"useful when a line of expected output is very long, and you want to wrap it " +"across multiple lines in your source." +msgstr "" +"当指定时，所有的空白序列（空白和换行）都被视为相等。预期输出中的任何空白序列将与实际输出中的任何空白序列匹配。默认情况下，空白必须完全匹配。 " +":const:`NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE` 在预期输出非常长的一行，而你想把它包在源代码的多行中时特别有用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:607 +msgid "" +"When specified, an ellipsis marker (``...``) in the expected output can " +"match any substring in the actual output. This includes substrings that " +"span line boundaries, and empty substrings, so it's best to keep usage of " +"this simple. Complicated uses can lead to the same kinds of \"oops, it " +"matched too much!\" surprises that ``.*`` is prone to in regular " +"expressions." +msgstr "" +"当指定时，预期输出中的省略号（ ``...`` ）可以匹配实际输出中的任何子串。这包括跨行的子串和空子串，所以最好保持简单的用法。复杂的用法会导致与 " +"``.*`` 在正则表达式中容易出现的 \"oops, it matched too much!\"相同的意外情况。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:616 +msgid "" +"When specified, doctests expecting exceptions pass so long as an exception " +"of the expected type is raised, even if the details (message and fully " +"qualified exception name) don't match." +msgstr "当被指定时，只要有预期类型的异常被引发 doctests 就会预期异常测试通过，即使细节（消息和完整限定名称）并不匹配。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:620 +msgid "" +"For example, an example expecting ``ValueError: 42`` will pass if the actual" +" exception raised is ``ValueError: 3*14``, but will fail if, say, a " +":exc:`TypeError` is raised instead. It will also ignore any fully qualified " +"name included before the exception class, which can vary between " +"implementations and versions of Python and the code/libraries in use. Hence," +" all three of these variations will work with the flag specified:" +msgstr "" +"举例来说，一个预期 ``ValueError: 42`` 的用例在实际引发的异常为 ``ValueError: 3*14`` 将会通过，但是如果是引发 " +":exc:`TypeError` 则将会失败。 它也将忽略任何包括在异常类前面的完整限定名称，该名称在所使用的不同 Python " +"版本和代码/库中可能会不同。 因此，以下三种形式对于指定的旗标均有效:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:628 +msgid "" +">>> raise Exception('message')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"Exception: message\n" +"\n" +">>> raise Exception('message')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"builtins.Exception: message\n" +"\n" +">>> raise Exception('message')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"__main__.Exception: message" +msgstr "" +">>> raise Exception('message')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"Exception: message\n" +"\n" +">>> raise Exception('message')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"builtins.Exception: message\n" +"\n" +">>> raise Exception('message')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"__main__.Exception: message" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:642 +msgid "" +"Note that :const:`ELLIPSIS` can also be used to ignore the details of the " +"exception message, but such a test may still fail based on whether the " +"module name is present or matches exactly." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :const:`ELLIPSIS` 也可以被用来忽略异常消息中的细节，但这样的测试仍然可能根据特定模块名称是否存在或是否完全匹配而失败。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:646 +msgid "" +":const:`IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` now also ignores any information relating " +"to the module containing the exception under test." +msgstr ":const:`IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` 现在也忽略了与包含被测异常的模块有关的任何信息。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:653 +msgid "" +"When specified, do not run the example at all. This can be useful in " +"contexts where doctest examples serve as both documentation and test cases, " +"and an example should be included for documentation purposes, but should not" +" be checked. E.g., the example's output might be random; or the example " +"might depend on resources which would be unavailable to the test driver." +msgstr "" +"当指定时，完全不运行这个用例。 " +"这在doctest用例既是文档又是测试案例的情况下很有用，一个例子应该包括在文档中，但不应该被检查。例如，这个例子的输出可能是随机的；或者这个例子可能依赖于测试驱动程序所不能使用的资源。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:659 +msgid "" +"The SKIP flag can also be used for temporarily \"commenting out\" examples." +msgstr "SKIP标志也可用于临时 \"注释\" 用例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:664 +msgid "A bitmask or'ing together all the comparison flags above." +msgstr "一个比特或运算将上述所有的比较标志放在一起。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:666 +msgid "The second group of options controls how test failures are reported:" +msgstr "第二组选项控制测试失败的报告方式：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:671 +msgid "" +"When specified, failures that involve multi-line expected and actual outputs" +" are displayed using a unified diff." +msgstr "当指定时，涉及多行预期和实际输出的故障将使用统一的差异来显示。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:677 +msgid "" +"When specified, failures that involve multi-line expected and actual outputs" +" will be displayed using a context diff." +msgstr "当指定时，涉及多行预期和实际输出的故障将使用上下文差异来显示。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:683 +msgid "" +"When specified, differences are computed by ``difflib.Differ``, using the " +"same algorithm as the popular :file:`ndiff.py` utility. This is the only " +"method that marks differences within lines as well as across lines. For " +"example, if a line of expected output contains digit ``1`` where actual " +"output contains letter ``l``, a line is inserted with a caret marking the " +"mismatching column positions." +msgstr "" +"当指定时，差异由 ``difflib.Differ`` " +"来计算，使用与流行的:file:`ndiff.py`工具相同的算法。这是唯一一种标记行内和行间差异的方法。 例如，如果一行预期输出包含数字 ``1`` " +"，而实际输出包含字母 ``l`` ，那么就会插入一行，用圆点标记不匹配的列位置。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:692 +msgid "" +"When specified, display the first failing example in each doctest, but " +"suppress output for all remaining examples. This will prevent doctest from " +"reporting correct examples that break because of earlier failures; but it " +"might also hide incorrect examples that fail independently of the first " +"failure. When :const:`REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE` is specified, the " +"remaining examples are still run, and still count towards the total number " +"of failures reported; only the output is suppressed." +msgstr "" +"当指定时，在每个 doctest 中显示第一个失败的用例，但隐藏所有其余用例的输出。 这将防止 doctest " +"报告由于先前的失败而中断的正确用例；但也可能隐藏独立于第一个失败的不正确用例。 当 :const:`REPORT_ONLY_FIRST_FAILURE`" +" 被指定时，其余的用例仍然被运行，并且仍然计入报告的失败总数；只是输出被隐藏了。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:703 +msgid "" +"When specified, exit after the first failing example and don't attempt to " +"run the remaining examples. Thus, the number of failures reported will be at" +" most 1. This flag may be useful during debugging, since examples after the" +" first failure won't even produce debugging output." +msgstr "" +"当指定时，在第一个失败的用例后退出，不尝试运行其余的用例。因此，报告的失败次数最多为1。这个标志在调试时可能很有用，因为第一个失败后的用例甚至不会产生调试输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:711 +msgid "A bitmask or'ing together all the reporting flags above." +msgstr "一个比特或操作将上述所有的报告标志组合在一起。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:714 +msgid "" +"There is also a way to register new option flag names, though this isn't " +"useful unless you intend to extend :mod:`doctest` internals via subclassing:" +msgstr "还有一种方法可以注册新的选项标志名称，不过这并不有用，除非你打算通过子类来扩展 :mod:`doctest` 内部。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:720 +msgid "" +"Create a new option flag with a given name, and return the new flag's " +"integer value. :func:`register_optionflag` can be used when subclassing " +":class:`OutputChecker` or :class:`DocTestRunner` to create new options that " +"are supported by your subclasses. :func:`register_optionflag` should always" +" be called using the following idiom::" +msgstr "" +"用给定的名称创建一个新的选项标志，并返回新标志的整数值。 :func:`register_optionflag` 可以在继承 " +":class:`OutputChecker` 或 :class:`DocTestRunner` 时使用，以创建子类支持的新选项。 " +":func:`register_optionflag` 应始终使用以下方式调用::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:726 +msgid "MY_FLAG = register_optionflag('MY_FLAG')" +msgstr "MY_FLAG = register_optionflag('MY_FLAG')" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:736 +msgid "Directives" +msgstr "指令" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:738 +msgid "" +"Doctest directives may be used to modify the :ref:`option flags ` for an individual example. Doctest directives are special Python " +"comments following an example's source code:" +msgstr "" +"Doctest指令可以用来修改单个例子的 :ref:`option flags ` 。 " +"Doctest指令是在一个用例的源代码后面的特殊Python注释。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:749 +msgid "" +"Whitespace is not allowed between the ``+`` or ``-`` and the directive " +"option name. The directive option name can be any of the option flag names " +"explained above." +msgstr "``+`` 或 ``-`` 与指令选项名称之间不允许有空格。 指令选项名称可以是上面解释的任何一个选项标志名称。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:753 +msgid "" +"An example's doctest directives modify doctest's behavior for that single " +"example. Use ``+`` to enable the named behavior, or ``-`` to disable it." +msgstr "" +"一个用例的 doctest 指令可以修改 doctest 对该用例的行为。 使用 ``+`` 来启用指定的行为，或者使用 ``-`` 来禁用它。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:756 +msgid "For example, this test passes:" +msgstr "例如，这个测试将会通过:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:758 +msgid "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,\n" +"10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]" +msgstr "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,\n" +"10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:765 +msgid "" +"Without the directive it would fail, both because the actual output doesn't " +"have two blanks before the single-digit list elements, and because the " +"actual output is on a single line. This test also passes, and also requires" +" a directive to do so:" +msgstr "" +"如果没有这个指令则它将失败，因为实际的输出在只有个位数的列表元素前没有两个空格，也因为实际的输出是单行的。 这个测试也会通过，并且也需要一个指令来完成:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:770 +msgid "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"[0, 1, ..., 18, 19]" +msgstr "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"[0, 1, ..., 18, 19]" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:776 +msgid "" +"Multiple directives can be used on a single physical line, separated by " +"commas:" +msgstr "在单个物理行中可以使用多条指令，以逗号分隔:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:779 +msgid "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS, +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE\n" +"[0, 1, ..., 18, 19]" +msgstr "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS, +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE\n" +"[0, 1, ..., 18, 19]" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:785 +msgid "" +"If multiple directive comments are used for a single example, then they are " +"combined:" +msgstr "如果在单个用例中使用了多条指令注释，则它们会被合并:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:788 +msgid "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"... # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE\n" +"[0, 1, ..., 18, 19]" +msgstr "" +">>> print(list(range(20))) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"... # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE\n" +"[0, 1, ..., 18, 19]" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:795 +msgid "" +"As the previous example shows, you can add ``...`` lines to your example " +"containing only directives. This can be useful when an example is too long " +"for a directive to comfortably fit on the same line:" +msgstr "正如前面的例子所示，你可以在你的用例中添加只包含指令的行 ``...``。 当一个用例太长以至于不能方便地放到同一行时这将会很有用:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:799 +msgid "" +">>> print(list(range(5)) + list(range(10, 20)) + list(range(30, 40)))\n" +"... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"[0, ..., 4, 10, ..., 19, 30, ..., 39]" +msgstr "" +">>> print(list(range(5)) + list(range(10, 20)) + list(range(30, 40)))\n" +"... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"[0, ..., 4, 10, ..., 19, 30, ..., 39]" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:806 +msgid "" +"Note that since all options are disabled by default, and directives apply " +"only to the example they appear in, enabling options (via ``+`` in a " +"directive) is usually the only meaningful choice. However, option flags can" +" also be passed to functions that run doctests, establishing different " +"defaults. In such cases, disabling an option via ``-`` in a directive can " +"be useful." +msgstr "" +"请注意，由于所有的选项都是默认禁用的，而指令只适用于它们出现的用例，所以启用选项 (通过指令中的 ``+``) 通常是唯一有意义的选择。 " +"然而，选项标志也可以被传递给运行测试的函数，建立不同的默认值。 在这种情况下，通过指令中的 ``-`` 来禁用一个选项可能是有用的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:816 +msgid "Warnings" +msgstr "警告" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:818 +msgid "" +":mod:`doctest` is serious about requiring exact matches in expected output." +" If even a single character doesn't match, the test fails. This will " +"probably surprise you a few times, as you learn exactly what Python does and" +" doesn't guarantee about output. For example, when printing a set, Python " +"doesn't guarantee that the element is printed in any particular order, so a " +"test like ::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`doctest` 是严格地要求在预期输出中完全匹配。 如果哪怕只有一个字符不匹配，测试就会失败。 这可能会让你吃惊几次，在你确切地了解到 " +"Python 对输出的保证和不保证之前。 例如，当打印一个集合时，Python 不保证元素以任何特定的顺序被打印出来，所以像::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:824 +msgid "" +">>> foo()\n" +"{\"spam\", \"eggs\"}" +msgstr "" +">>> foo()\n" +"{\"spam\", \"eggs\"}" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:827 +msgid "is vulnerable! One workaround is to do ::" +msgstr "是不可靠的！一个变通方法是用::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:829 +msgid "" +">>> foo() == {\"spam\", \"eggs\"}\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> foo() == {\"spam\", \"eggs\"}\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:832 +msgid "instead. Another is to do ::" +msgstr "来取代。另一个是使用" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:834 +msgid "" +">>> d = sorted(foo())\n" +">>> d\n" +"['eggs', 'spam']" +msgstr "" +">>> d = sorted(foo())\n" +">>> d\n" +"['eggs', 'spam']" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:838 +msgid "There are others, but you get the idea." +msgstr "还有其他的问题，但你会明白的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:840 +msgid "Another bad idea is to print things that embed an object address, like" +msgstr "另一个不好的做法是打印嵌入了对象地址的值，例如" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:842 +msgid "" +">>> id(1.0) # certain to fail some of the time\n" +"7948648\n" +">>> class C: pass\n" +">>> C() # the default repr() for instances embeds an address\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> id(1.0) # 确定有时会失败\n" +"7948648\n" +">>> class C: pass\n" +">>> C() # 实例的默认 repr() 嵌入了一个地址\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:850 +msgid "" +"The :const:`ELLIPSIS` directive gives a nice approach for the last example:" +msgstr ":const:`ELLIPSIS` 指令为之前的例子提供了一个不错的方案:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:852 +msgid "" +">>> C() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> C() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:858 +msgid "" +"Floating-point numbers are also subject to small output variations across " +"platforms, because Python defers to the platform C library for float " +"formatting, and C libraries vary widely in quality here. ::" +msgstr "浮点数在不同的平台上也会有小的输出变化，因为Python在浮点数的格式化上依赖于平台的C库，而C库在这个问题上的质量差异很大。::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:862 +msgid "" +">>> 1./7 # risky\n" +"0.14285714285714285\n" +">>> print(1./7) # safer\n" +"0.142857142857\n" +">>> print(round(1./7, 6)) # much safer\n" +"0.142857" +msgstr "" +">>> 1./7 # 危险\n" +"0.14285714285714285\n" +">>> print(1./7) # 安全\n" +"0.142857142857\n" +">>> print(round(1./7, 6)) # 更安全\n" +"0.142857" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:869 +msgid "" +"Numbers of the form ``I/2.**J`` are safe across all platforms, and I often " +"contrive doctest examples to produce numbers of that form::" +msgstr "形式 ``I/2.**J`` 的数字在所有的平台上都是安全的，我经常设计一些测试的用例来产生该形式的数::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:872 +msgid "" +">>> 3./4 # utterly safe\n" +"0.75" +msgstr "" +">>> 3./4 # 绝对安全\n" +"0.75" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:875 +msgid "" +"Simple fractions are also easier for people to understand, and that makes " +"for better documentation." +msgstr "简单的分数也更容易让人理解，这也使得文件更加完善。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:882 +msgid "Basic API" +msgstr "基本API" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:884 +msgid "" +"The functions :func:`testmod` and :func:`testfile` provide a simple " +"interface to doctest that should be sufficient for most basic uses. For a " +"less formal introduction to these two functions, see sections :ref:`doctest-" +"simple-testmod` and :ref:`doctest-simple-testfile`." +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`testmod` 和 :func:`testfile` 为 doctest " +"提供了一个简单的接口，应该足以满足大多数基本用途。关于这两个函数的不太正式的介绍，请参见 :ref:`doctest-simple-testmod` 和" +" :ref:`doctest-simple-testfile` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:892 +msgid "" +"All arguments except *filename* are optional, and should be specified in " +"keyword form." +msgstr "除了*filename*，所有的参数都是可选的，而且应该以关键字的形式指定。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:895 +msgid "" +"Test examples in the file named *filename*. Return ``(failure_count, " +"test_count)``." +msgstr "测试名为 *filename* 的文件中的用例。 返回 ``(failure_count, test_count)``。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:898 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *module_relative* specifies how the filename should be " +"interpreted:" +msgstr "可选参数 *module_relative* 指定了文件名的解释方式。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:901 +msgid "" +"If *module_relative* is ``True`` (the default), then *filename* specifies an" +" OS-independent module-relative path. By default, this path is relative to " +"the calling module's directory; but if the *package* argument is specified, " +"then it is relative to that package. To ensure OS-independence, *filename* " +"should use ``/`` characters to separate path segments, and may not be an " +"absolute path (i.e., it may not begin with ``/``)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *module_relative* 是 ``True`` (默认)，那么 *filename* 指定一个独立于操作系统的模块相对路径。 " +"默认情况下，这个路径是相对于调用模块的目录的；但是如果指定了 *package* 参数，那么它就是相对于该包的。 为了保证操作系统的独立性， " +"*filename* 应该使用字符来分隔路径段，并且不能是一个绝对路径 (即不能以 ``/`` 开始)。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:908 +msgid "" +"If *module_relative* is ``False``, then *filename* specifies an OS-specific " +"path. The path may be absolute or relative; relative paths are resolved " +"with respect to the current working directory." +msgstr "" +"如果 *module_relative* 是 ``False``，那么 *filename* " +"指定了一个操作系统特定的路径。路径可以是绝对的，也可以是相对的；相对路径是相对于当前工作目录而言的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:912 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *name* gives the name of the test; by default, or if " +"``None``, ``os.path.basename(filename)`` is used." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *name* 给出了测试的名称；默认情况下，或者如果是 ``None``，那么使用 " +"``os.path.basename(filename)``。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:915 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *package* is a Python package or the name of a Python " +"package whose directory should be used as the base directory for a module-" +"relative filename. If no package is specified, then the calling module's " +"directory is used as the base directory for module-relative filenames. It " +"is an error to specify *package* if *module_relative* is ``False``." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *package* 是一个 Python 包或一个 Python 包的名字，其目录应被用作模块相关文件名的基础目录。 " +"如果没有指定包，那么调用模块的目录将作为模块相关文件名的基础目录。如果 *module_relative* 是 ``False``，那么指定 " +"*package* 是错误的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:921 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *globs* gives a dict to be used as the globals when " +"executing examples. A new shallow copy of this dict is created for the " +"doctest, so its examples start with a clean slate. By default, or if " +"``None``, a new empty dict is used." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *globs* 给出了一个在执行示例时用作全局变量的dict。 " +"这个dict的一个新的浅层副本将为doctest创建，因此它的用例将从一个干净的地方开始。默认情况下，或者如果为 " +"``None``，使用一个新的空dict。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:926 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *extraglobs* gives a dict merged into the globals used to " +"execute examples. This works like :meth:`dict.update`: if *globs* and " +"*extraglobs* have a common key, the associated value in *extraglobs* appears" +" in the combined dict. By default, or if ``None``, no extra globals are " +"used. This is an advanced feature that allows parameterization of doctests." +" For example, a doctest can be written for a base class, using a generic " +"name for the class, then reused to test any number of subclasses by passing " +"an *extraglobs* dict mapping the generic name to the subclass to be tested." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *extraglobs* 给出了一个合并到用于执行用例全局变量中的dict。 这就像 :meth:`dict.update` 一样：如果 " +"*globs* 和 *extraglobs* 有一个共同的键，那么 *extraglobs* 中的相关值会出现在合并的dict中。 默认情况下，或者为 " +"``None`` ，则不使用额外的全局变量。这是一个高级功能，允许对 doctest " +"进行参数化。例如，可以为一个基类写一个测试，使用该类的通用名称，然后通过传递一个 *extraglobs* " +"dict，将通用名称映射到要测试的子类，从而重复用于测试任何数量的子类。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *verbose* prints lots of stuff if true, and prints only " +"failures if false; by default, or if ``None``, it's true if and only if " +"``'-v'`` is in ``sys.argv``." +msgstr "" +"可选的参数 *verbose* 如果为真值会打印很多东西，如果为假值则只打印失败信息；默认情况下，或者为 ``None``，只有当 ``'-v'`` 在" +" ``sys.argv`` 中时才为真值。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:939 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *report* prints a summary at the end when true, else " +"prints nothing at the end. In verbose mode, the summary is detailed, else " +"the summary is very brief (in fact, empty if all tests passed)." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *report* 为True时，在结尾处打印一个总结，否则在结尾处什么都不打印。 " +"在verbose模式下，总结是详细的，否则总结是非常简短的（事实上，如果所有的测试都通过了，总结就是空的）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:943 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *optionflags* (default value 0) takes the :ref:`bitwise OR" +" ` of option flags. See section :ref:`doctest-options`." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *optionflags* （默认值为0）是选项标志的 :ref:`bitwise OR ` 。参见章节 " +":ref:`doctest-options` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:947 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *raise_on_error* defaults to false. If true, an exception" +" is raised upon the first failure or unexpected exception in an example. " +"This allows failures to be post-mortem debugged. Default behavior is to " +"continue running examples." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *raise_on_error* 默认为False。 " +"如果是True，在一个用例中第一次出现失败或意外的异常时，会触发一个异常。这允许对失败进行事后调试。默认行为是继续运行例子。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:952 ../../library/doctest.rst:1094 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *parser* specifies a :class:`DocTestParser` (or subclass) " +"that should be used to extract tests from the files. It defaults to a " +"normal parser (i.e., ``DocTestParser()``)." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *parser* 指定一个 :class:`DocTestParser` " +"（或子类），它应该被用来从文件中提取测试。它默认为一个普通的解析器（即 ``DocTestParser()``）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:956 ../../library/doctest.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *encoding* specifies an encoding that should be used to " +"convert the file to unicode." +msgstr "可选参数 *encoding* 指定了一个编码，应该用来将文件转换为unicode。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:962 +msgid "" +"All arguments are optional, and all except for *m* should be specified in " +"keyword form." +msgstr "所有的参数都是可选的，除了 *m* 之外，都应该以关键字的形式指定。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:965 +msgid "" +"Test examples in docstrings in functions and classes reachable from module " +"*m* (or module :mod:`__main__` if *m* is not supplied or is ``None``), " +"starting with ``m.__doc__``." +msgstr "" +"测试从模块 *m* （或模块 :mod:`__main__` ，如果 *m* 没有被提供或为 ``None`` ）可达到的函数和类的文档串中的用例，从 " +"``m.__doc__`` 开始。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:969 +msgid "" +"Also test examples reachable from dict ``m.__test__``, if it exists. " +"``m.__test__`` maps names (strings) to functions, classes and strings; " +"function and class docstrings are searched for examples; strings are " +"searched directly, as if they were docstrings." +msgstr "" +"还会测试从 dict ``m.__test__`` 可达到的用例，如果存在的话。 ``m.__test__`` " +"将名称（字符串）映射到函数、类和字符串；将在函数和类的文档字符串中搜索用例；字符串将被直接搜索，就像它们是文档字符串一样。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:974 +msgid "" +"Only docstrings attached to objects belonging to module *m* are searched." +msgstr "只搜索附属于模块 *m* 中的对象的文档串。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:976 +msgid "Return ``(failure_count, test_count)``." +msgstr "返回 ``(failure_count, test_count)`` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:978 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *name* gives the name of the module; by default, or if " +"``None``, ``m.__name__`` is used." +msgstr "可选参数 *name* 给出了模块的名称；默认情况下，或者如果为 ``None`` ，则为 ``m.__name__`` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:981 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *exclude_empty* defaults to false. If true, objects for " +"which no doctests are found are excluded from consideration. The default is " +"a backward compatibility hack, so that code still using " +":meth:`doctest.master.summarize ` in conjunction " +"with :func:`testmod` continues to get output for objects with no tests. The " +"*exclude_empty* argument to the newer :class:`DocTestFinder` constructor " +"defaults to true." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *exclude_empty* 默认为假值。 如果为真值，则未找到任何 doctests 的对象将被排除在考虑范围之外。 " +"默认情况下将做向下兼容处理，因而仍然使用 :meth:`doctest.master.summarize " +"` 来配合 :func:`testmod` 的代码会继续得到没有测试的对象的输出。 转给较新的 " +":class:`DocTestFinder` 构造器的 *exclude_empty* 参数默认为真值。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Optional arguments *extraglobs*, *verbose*, *report*, *optionflags*, " +"*raise_on_error*, and *globs* are the same as for function :func:`testfile` " +"above, except that *globs* defaults to ``m.__dict__``." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *extraglobs* 、 *verbose* 、 *report* 、 *optionflags* 、 *raise_on_error* " +"和 *globs* 与上述函数 :func:`testfile` 的参数相同，只是 *globs* 默认为 ``m.__dict__`` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:996 +msgid "" +"Test examples associated with object *f*; for example, *f* may be a string, " +"a module, a function, or a class object." +msgstr "与对象 *f* 相关的测试用例；例如， *f* 可以是一个字符串、一个模块、一个函数或一个类对象。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:999 +msgid "" +"A shallow copy of dictionary argument *globs* is used for the execution " +"context." +msgstr "dict 参数 *globs* 的浅层拷贝被用于执行环境。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1001 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *name* is used in failure messages, and defaults to " +"``\"NoName\"``." +msgstr "可选参数 *name* 在失败信息中使用，默认为 ``\"NoName\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"If optional argument *verbose* is true, output is generated even if there " +"are no failures. By default, output is generated only in case of an example" +" failure." +msgstr "如果可选参数 *verbose* 为真，即使没有失败也会产生输出。 默认情况下，只有在用例失败的情况下才会产生输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *compileflags* gives the set of flags that should be used " +"by the Python compiler when running the examples. By default, or if " +"``None``, flags are deduced corresponding to the set of future features " +"found in *globs*." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *compileflags* 给出了Python编译器在运行例子时应该使用的标志集。默认情况下，或者如果为 ``None`` ，标志是根据 " +"*globs* 中发现的未来特征集推导出来的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1011 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *optionflags* works as for function :func:`testfile` " +"above." +msgstr "可选参数 *optionflags* 的作用与上述 :func:`testfile` 函数中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1017 +msgid "Unittest API" +msgstr "Unittest API" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"As your collection of doctest'ed modules grows, you'll want a way to run all" +" their doctests systematically. :mod:`doctest` provides two functions that " +"can be used to create :mod:`unittest` test suites from modules and text " +"files containing doctests. To integrate with :mod:`unittest` test " +"discovery, include a :ref:`load_tests ` function in " +"your test module::" +msgstr "" +"随着你带有文档测试的模块不断增加，你会希望以系统性地方式运行所有的文档测试。 :mod:`doctest` " +"提供了两个函数可用来根据模块和包含文档测试的文本文件创建 :mod:`unittest` 测试套件。 要与 :mod:`unittest` " +"测试发现功能实现集成，请在你的测试模块中包括一个 :ref:`load_tests ` 函数::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"import doctest\n" +"import my_module_with_doctests\n" +"\n" +"def load_tests(loader, tests, ignore):\n" +" tests.addTests(doctest.DocTestSuite(my_module_with_doctests))\n" +" return tests" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"import doctest\n" +"import my_module_with_doctests\n" +"\n" +"def load_tests(loader, tests, ignore):\n" +" tests.addTests(doctest.DocTestSuite(my_module_with_doctests))\n" +" return tests" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"There are two main functions for creating :class:`unittest.TestSuite` " +"instances from text files and modules with doctests:" +msgstr "有两个主要函数用于从文本文件和带doctest的模块中创建 :class:`unittest.TestSuite` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"Convert doctest tests from one or more text files to a " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite`." +msgstr "将一个或多个文本文件中的doctest测试转换为一个 :class:`unittest.TestSuite` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"The returned :class:`unittest.TestSuite` is to be run by the unittest " +"framework and runs the interactive examples in each file. If an example in " +"any file fails, then the synthesized unit test fails, and a " +":exc:`failureException` exception is raised showing the name of the file " +"containing the test and a (sometimes approximate) line number. If all the " +"examples in a file are skipped, then the synthesized unit test is also " +"marked as skipped." +msgstr "" +"返回的 :class:`unittest.TestSuite` 将由 unittest 框架运行并运行每个文件中的交互式示例。 " +"如果任何文件中的示例运行失败，则合成的单元测试就将失败，并引发一个 :exc:`failureException` " +"异常显示包含该测试的文件名以及（有时为近似的）行号。 如果某个文件中的示例被跳过，则合成的单元测试也会被标记为跳过。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1049 +msgid "Pass one or more paths (as strings) to text files to be examined." +msgstr "传递一个或多个要检查的文本文件的路径（作为字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1051 +msgid "Options may be provided as keyword arguments:" +msgstr "选项可以作为关键字参数提供：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *module_relative* specifies how the filenames in *paths* " +"should be interpreted:" +msgstr "可选参数 *module_relative* 指定了 *paths* 中的文件名应该如何解释。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"If *module_relative* is ``True`` (the default), then each filename in " +"*paths* specifies an OS-independent module-relative path. By default, this " +"path is relative to the calling module's directory; but if the *package* " +"argument is specified, then it is relative to that package. To ensure OS-" +"independence, each filename should use ``/`` characters to separate path " +"segments, and may not be an absolute path (i.e., it may not begin with " +"``/``)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *module_relative* 是 ``True`` （默认值），那么 *paths* " +"中的每个文件名都指定了一个独立于操作系统的模块相对路径。 默认情况下，这个路径是相对于调用模块的目录的；但是如果指定了 *package* " +"参数，那么它就是相对于该包的。 为了保证操作系统的独立性，每个文件名都应该使用字符来分隔路径段，并且不能是绝对路径（即不能以 ``/`` 开始）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"If *module_relative* is ``False``, then each filename in *paths* specifies " +"an OS-specific path. The path may be absolute or relative; relative paths " +"are resolved with respect to the current working directory." +msgstr "" +"如果 *module_relative* 是 ``False`` ，那么 *paths* 中的每个文件名都指定了一个操作系统特定的路径。 " +"路径可以是绝对的，也可以是相对的；相对路径是关于当前工作目录的解析。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *package* is a Python package or the name of a Python " +"package whose directory should be used as the base directory for module-" +"relative filenames in *paths*. If no package is specified, then the calling" +" module's directory is used as the base directory for module-relative " +"filenames. It is an error to specify *package* if *module_relative* is " +"``False``." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *package* 是一个Python包或一个Python包的名字，其目录应该被用作 *paths* 中模块相关文件名的基本目录。 " +"如果没有指定包，那么调用模块的目录将作为模块相关文件名的基础目录。 如果 *module_relative* 是 ``False`` ，那么指定 " +"*package* 是错误的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1075 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *setUp* specifies a set-up function for the test suite. " +"This is called before running the tests in each file. The *setUp* function " +"will be passed a :class:`DocTest` object. The setUp function can access the" +" test globals as the *globs* attribute of the test passed." +msgstr "" +"可选的参数 *setUp* 为测试套件指定了一个设置函数。在运行每个文件中的测试之前，它被调用。 *setUp* 函数将被传递给一个 " +":class:`DocTest` 对象。 setUp函数可以通过测试的 *globs* 属性访问测试的全局变量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *tearDown* specifies a tear-down function for the test " +"suite. This is called after running the tests in each file. The *tearDown*" +" function will be passed a :class:`DocTest` object. The setUp function can " +"access the test globals as the *globs* attribute of the test passed." +msgstr "" +"可选的参数 *tearDown* 指定了测试套件的卸载函数。 在运行每个文件中的测试后，它会被调用。 *tearDown* 函数将被传递一个 " +":class:`DocTest` 对象。 setUp函数可以通过测试的 *globs* 属性访问测试的全局变量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1085 ../../library/doctest.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *globs* is a dictionary containing the initial global " +"variables for the tests. A new copy of this dictionary is created for each " +"test. By default, *globs* is a new empty dictionary." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *globs* 是一个包含测试的初始全局变量的字典。 这个字典的一个新副本为每个测试创建。 默认情况下， *globs* 是一个新的空字典。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *optionflags* specifies the default doctest options for " +"the tests, created by or-ing together individual option flags. See section " +":ref:`doctest-options`. See function :func:`set_unittest_reportflags` below " +"for a better way to set reporting options." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *optionflags* 为测试指定默认的doctest选项，通过将各个选项的标志连接在一起创建。 参见章节 :ref:`doctest-" +"options` 。参见下面的函数 :func:`set_unittest_reportflags` ，以了解设置报告选项的更好方法。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"The global ``__file__`` is added to the globals provided to doctests loaded " +"from a text file using :func:`DocFileSuite`." +msgstr "该全局 ``__file__`` 被添加到提供给用 :func:`DocFileSuite` 从文本文件加载的doctest的全局变量中。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1107 +msgid "Convert doctest tests for a module to a :class:`unittest.TestSuite`." +msgstr "将一个模块的doctest测试转换为 :class:`unittest.TestSuite` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"The returned :class:`unittest.TestSuite` is to be run by the unittest " +"framework and runs each doctest in the module. If any of the doctests fail," +" then the synthesized unit test fails, and a :exc:`failureException` " +"exception is raised showing the name of the file containing the test and a " +"(sometimes approximate) line number. If all the examples in a docstring are" +" skipped, then the synthesized unit test is also marked as skipped." +msgstr "" +"返回的 :class:`unittest.TestSuite` 将由 unittest 框架运行并运行模块中的每个文档测试。 " +"如果有任何文档测试运行失败，则合成的单元测试就将失败，并引发一个 :exc:`failureException` " +"异常显示包含该测试的文件名以及（有时为近似的）行号。 如果文档字符串中的所有示例都被跳过，则合成的单元测试也会被标记为跳过。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *module* provides the module to be tested. It can be a " +"module object or a (possibly dotted) module name. If not specified, the " +"module calling this function is used." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *module* 提供了要测试的模块。 它可以是一个模块对象或一个（可能是带点的）模块名称。 如果没有指定，则使用调用此函数的模块。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *extraglobs* specifies an extra set of global variables, " +"which is merged into *globs*. By default, no extra globals are used." +msgstr "可选参数 *extraglobs* 指定了一组额外的全局变量，这些变量被合并到 *globs* 中。 默认情况下，不使用额外的全局变量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *test_finder* is the :class:`DocTestFinder` object (or a " +"drop-in replacement) that is used to extract doctests from the module." +msgstr "可选参数 *test_finder* 是 :class:`DocTestFinder` 对象（或一个可替换的对象），用于从模块中提取测试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"Optional arguments *setUp*, *tearDown*, and *optionflags* are the same as " +"for function :func:`DocFileSuite` above." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *setUp* 、 *tearDown* 和 *optionflags* 与上述函数 :func:`DocFileSuite` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1133 +msgid "This function uses the same search technique as :func:`testmod`." +msgstr "这个函数使用与 :func:`testmod` 相同的搜索技术。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1135 +msgid "" +":func:`DocTestSuite` returns an empty :class:`unittest.TestSuite` if " +"*module* contains no docstrings instead of raising :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *module* 不包含任何文件串，则 :func:`DocTestSuite` 返回一个空的 " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite`，而不是触发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1141 +msgid "" +"When doctests which have been converted to unit tests by " +":func:`DocFileSuite` or :func:`DocTestSuite` fail, this exception is raised " +"showing the name of the file containing the test and a (sometimes " +"approximate) line number." +msgstr "" +"当已被 :func:`DocFileSuite` 或 :func:`DocTestSuite` " +"转换为单元测试的文档测试失败时，此异常将被引发并显示包含测试的文件名及行号（有时为估计值）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"Under the covers, :func:`DocTestSuite` creates a :class:`unittest.TestSuite`" +" out of :class:`!doctest.DocTestCase` instances, and :class:`!DocTestCase` " +"is a subclass of :class:`unittest.TestCase`. :class:`!DocTestCase` isn't " +"documented here (it's an internal detail), but studying its code can answer " +"questions about the exact details of :mod:`unittest` integration." +msgstr "" +"在内部，:func:`DocTestSuite` 将根据 :class:`!doctest.DocTestCase` 实例创建 " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite`，而 :class:`!DocTestCase` 是 " +":class:`unittest.TestCase` 的子类。 :class:`!DocTestCase` " +"没有记入本文档（它属于内部细节），但研究其代码可以回答有关 :mod:`unittest` 集成的准确细节的问题。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"Similarly, :func:`DocFileSuite` creates a :class:`unittest.TestSuite` out of" +" :class:`!doctest.DocFileCase` instances, and :class:`!DocFileCase` is a " +"subclass of :class:`!DocTestCase`." +msgstr "" +"类似地，:func:`DocFileSuite` 将根据 :class:`!doctest.DocFileCase` 实例创建 " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite`，而 :class:`!DocFileCase` 是 :class:`!DocTestCase` " +"的子类。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1155 +msgid "" +"So both ways of creating a :class:`unittest.TestSuite` run instances of " +":class:`!DocTestCase`. This is important for a subtle reason: when you run " +":mod:`doctest` functions yourself, you can control the :mod:`doctest` " +"options in use directly, by passing option flags to :mod:`doctest` " +"functions. However, if you're writing a :mod:`unittest` framework, " +":mod:`unittest` ultimately controls when and how tests get run. The " +"framework author typically wants to control :mod:`doctest` reporting options" +" (perhaps, e.g., specified by command line options), but there's no way to " +"pass options through :mod:`unittest` to :mod:`doctest` test runners." +msgstr "" +"所以这两种创建 :class:`unittest.TestSuite` 的方式都会运行 :class:`!DocTestCase` 的实例。 " +"这一点很重要，因为有一个微妙的原因：当你自己运行 :mod:`doctest` 函数时，你可以直接控制使用中的 :mod:`doctest` " +"选项，具体是通过传递选项旗标给 :mod:`doctest` 函数。 然而，如果你正在编写一个 :mod:`unittest` 框架，则最终要由 " +":mod:`unittest` 来控制测试的运行时间和方式。 框架作者通常希望控制 :mod:`doctest` " +"的报告选项（例如，可能由命令行选项指定），但没有办法通过 :mod:`unittest` 向 :mod:`doctest` 测试运行方传递选项。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"For this reason, :mod:`doctest` also supports a notion of :mod:`doctest` " +"reporting flags specific to :mod:`unittest` support, via this function:" +msgstr "" +"出于这个原因， :mod:`doctest` 也支持一个概念，即 :mod:`doctest` 报告特定于 :mod:`unittest` " +"支持的标志，通过这个函数：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1171 +msgid "Set the :mod:`doctest` reporting flags to use." +msgstr "设置要使用的 :mod:`doctest` 报告标志。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1173 +msgid "" +"Argument *flags* takes the :ref:`bitwise OR ` of option flags. See" +" section :ref:`doctest-options`. Only \"reporting flags\" can be used." +msgstr "" +"参数 *flags* 是选项标志的 :ref:`bitwise OR ` 。 参见章节 :ref:`doctest-options` " +"。 只有 \"报告标志\" 可以被使用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"This is a module-global setting, and affects all future doctests run by " +"module :mod:`unittest`: the :meth:`!runTest` method of " +":class:`!DocTestCase` looks at the option flags specified for the test case " +"when the :class:`!DocTestCase` instance was constructed. If no reporting " +"flags were specified (which is the typical and expected case), " +":mod:`!doctest`'s :mod:`unittest` reporting flags are :ref:`bitwise ORed " +"` into the option flags, and the option flags so augmented are " +"passed to the :class:`DocTestRunner` instance created to run the doctest. " +"If any reporting flags were specified when the :class:`!DocTestCase` " +"instance was constructed, :mod:`!doctest`'s :mod:`unittest` reporting flags " +"are ignored." +msgstr "" +"这是模块全局的设置，并会影响 :mod:`unittest` 模块今后运行的所有文档测试: :class:`!DocTestCase` 的 " +":meth:`!runTest` 方法会查看 :class:`!DocTestCase` 实例构建时为测试用例指定的选项旗标。 " +"如果没有指定报告旗标志（这是典型和预期的情况），则 :mod:`!doctest` 的 :mod:`unittest` 报告旗标志将通过 " +":ref:`按位或运算 ` 合并选项旗标志中，这样增强的选项标志将传递给为运行文档测试而创建的 " +":class:`DocTestRunner` 实例。 如果在构建 :class:`!DocTestCase` 实例 时指定了任何报告旗标志，则 " +":mod:`!doctest` 的 :mod:`unittest` 报告旗标将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1187 +msgid "" +"The value of the :mod:`unittest` reporting flags in effect before the " +"function was called is returned by the function." +msgstr ":mod:`unittest` 报告标志的值在调用该函数之前是有效的，由该函数返回。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1194 +msgid "Advanced API" +msgstr "高级 API" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"The basic API is a simple wrapper that's intended to make doctest easy to " +"use. It is fairly flexible, and should meet most users' needs; however, if " +"you require more fine-grained control over testing, or wish to extend " +"doctest's capabilities, then you should use the advanced API." +msgstr "" +"基本 API 是一个简单的封装，旨在使 doctest " +"易于使用。它相当灵活，应该能满足大多数用户的需求；但是，如果你需要对测试进行更精细的控制，或者希望扩展 doctest 的功能，那么你应该使用高级 " +"API 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1201 +msgid "" +"The advanced API revolves around two container classes, which are used to " +"store the interactive examples extracted from doctest cases:" +msgstr "高级API围绕着两个容器类，用于存储从 doctest 案例中提取的交互式用例:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1204 +msgid "" +":class:`Example`: A single Python :term:`statement`, paired with its " +"expected output." +msgstr ":class:`Example`: 一个单一的 Python :term:`statement` ，与它的预期输出配对。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1207 +msgid "" +":class:`DocTest`: A collection of :class:`Example`\\ s, typically extracted " +"from a single docstring or text file." +msgstr ":class:`DocTest`: 一组 :class:`Example`\\ s 的集合，通常从一个文档字符串或文本文件中提取。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"Additional processing classes are defined to find, parse, and run, and check" +" doctest examples:" +msgstr "定义了额外的处理类来寻找、解析和运行，并检查 doctest 的用例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1213 +msgid "" +":class:`DocTestFinder`: Finds all docstrings in a given module, and uses a " +":class:`DocTestParser` to create a :class:`DocTest` from every docstring " +"that contains interactive examples." +msgstr "" +":class:`DocTestFinder` : 查找给定模块中的所有文档串，并使用 :class:`DocTestParser` " +"从每个包含交互式用例的文档串中创建一个 :class:`DocTest` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1217 +msgid "" +":class:`DocTestParser`: Creates a :class:`DocTest` object from a string " +"(such as an object's docstring)." +msgstr ":class:`DocTestParser` : 从一个字符串（如一个对象的文档串）创建一个 :class:`DocTest` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1220 +msgid "" +":class:`DocTestRunner`: Executes the examples in a :class:`DocTest`, and " +"uses an :class:`OutputChecker` to verify their output." +msgstr "" +":class:`DocTestRunner` : 执行 :class:`DocTest` 中的用例，并使用 :class:`OutputChecker`" +" 来验证其输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1223 +msgid "" +":class:`OutputChecker`: Compares the actual output from a doctest example " +"with the expected output, and decides whether they match." +msgstr ":class:`OutputChecker` : 将一个测试用例的实际输出与预期输出进行比较，并决定它们是否匹配。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"The relationships among these processing classes are summarized in the " +"following diagram::" +msgstr "这些处理类之间的关系总结在下图中::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1229 +msgid "" +" list of:\n" +"+------+ +---------+\n" +"|module| --DocTestFinder-> | DocTest | --DocTestRunner-> results\n" +"+------+ | ^ +---------+ | ^ (printed)\n" +" | | | Example | | |\n" +" v | | ... | v |\n" +" DocTestParser | Example | OutputChecker\n" +" +---------+" +msgstr "" +" list of:\n" +"+------+ +---------+\n" +"|module| --DocTestFinder-> | DocTest | --DocTestRunner-> results\n" +"+------+ | ^ +---------+ | ^ (printed)\n" +" | | | Example | | |\n" +" v | | ... | v |\n" +" DocTestParser | Example | OutputChecker\n" +" +---------+" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1242 +msgid "DocTest Objects" +msgstr "DocTest 对象" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"A collection of doctest examples that should be run in a single namespace. " +"The constructor arguments are used to initialize the attributes of the same " +"names." +msgstr "应该在单一命名空间中运行的doctest用例的集合。构造函数参数被用来初始化相同名称的属性。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1251 +msgid "" +":class:`DocTest` defines the following attributes. They are initialized by " +"the constructor, and should not be modified directly." +msgstr ":class:`DocTest` 定义了以下属性。 它们由构造函数初始化，不应该被直接修改。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"A list of :class:`Example` objects encoding the individual interactive " +"Python examples that should be run by this test." +msgstr "一个 :class:`Example` 对象的列表，它编码了应该由该测试运行的单个交互式 Python 用例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"The namespace (aka globals) that the examples should be run in. This is a " +"dictionary mapping names to values. Any changes to the namespace made by " +"the examples (such as binding new variables) will be reflected in " +":attr:`globs` after the test is run." +msgstr "" +"例子应该运行的命名空间（又称 globals ）。这是一个将名字映射到数值的字典。例子对名字空间的任何改变（比如绑定新的变量）将在测试运行后反映在 " +":attr:`globs` 中。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"A string name identifying the :class:`DocTest`. Typically, this is the name" +" of the object or file that the test was extracted from." +msgstr "识别 :class:`DocTest` 的字符串名称。 通常情况下，这是从测试中提取的对象或文件的名称。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1277 +msgid "" +"The name of the file that this :class:`DocTest` was extracted from; or " +"``None`` if the filename is unknown, or if the :class:`DocTest` was not " +"extracted from a file." +msgstr "" +"这个 :class:`DocTest` 被提取的文件名；或者为 ``None``，如果文件名未知，或者 :class:`DocTest` " +"没有从文件中提取。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"The line number within :attr:`filename` where this :class:`DocTest` begins, " +"or ``None`` if the line number is unavailable. This line number is zero-" +"based with respect to the beginning of the file." +msgstr "" +":attr:`filename` 中的行号，这个 :class:`DocTest` 开始的地方，或者行号不可用时为 ``None``。 " +"这个行号相对于文件的开头来说是零的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1291 +msgid "" +"The string that the test was extracted from, or ``None`` if the string is " +"unavailable, or if the test was not extracted from a string." +msgstr "从测试中提取的字符串，或者如果字符串不可用，或者为 ``None`` ，如果测试没有从字符串中提取。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1298 +msgid "Example Objects" +msgstr "Example 对象" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"A single interactive example, consisting of a Python statement and its " +"expected output. The constructor arguments are used to initialize the " +"attributes of the same names." +msgstr "单个交互式用例，由一个 Python 语句及其预期输出组成。 构造函数参数被用来初始化相同名称的属性。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1308 +msgid "" +":class:`Example` defines the following attributes. They are initialized by " +"the constructor, and should not be modified directly." +msgstr ":class:`Example` 定义了以下属性。 它们由构造函数初始化，不应该被直接修改。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"A string containing the example's source code. This source code consists of" +" a single Python statement, and always ends with a newline; the constructor " +"adds a newline when necessary." +msgstr "一个包含该用例源码的字符串。 源码由一个 Python 语句组成，并且总是以换行结束；构造函数在必要时添加一个换行。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1321 +msgid "" +"The expected output from running the example's source code (either from " +"stdout, or a traceback in case of exception). :attr:`want` ends with a " +"newline unless no output is expected, in which case it's an empty string. " +"The constructor adds a newline when necessary." +msgstr "" +"运行这个用例的源码的预期输出（可以是 stdout ，也可以是异常情况下的回溯）。 :attr:`want` " +"以一个换行符结束，除非没有预期的输出，在这种情况下它是一个空字符串。 构造函数在必要时添加一个换行。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1329 +msgid "" +"The exception message generated by the example, if the example is expected " +"to generate an exception; or ``None`` if it is not expected to generate an " +"exception. This exception message is compared against the return value of " +":func:`traceback.format_exception_only`. :attr:`exc_msg` ends with a " +"newline unless it's ``None``. The constructor adds a newline if needed." +msgstr "" +"用例产生的异常信息，如果这个例子被期望产生一个异常；或者为 ``None`` ，如果它不被期望产生一个异常。 这个异常信息与 " +":func:`traceback.format_exception_only` 的返回值进行比较。 :attr:`exc_msg` 以换行结束，除非是 " +"``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1338 +msgid "" +"The line number within the string containing this example where the example " +"begins. This line number is zero-based with respect to the beginning of the" +" containing string." +msgstr "包含本例的字符串中的行号，即本例的开始。 这个行号相对于包含字符串的开头来说是以零开始的。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"The example's indentation in the containing string, i.e., the number of " +"space characters that precede the example's first prompt." +msgstr "用例在包含字符串中的缩进，即在用例的第一个提示前有多少个空格字符。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1351 +msgid "" +"A dictionary mapping from option flags to ``True`` or ``False``, which is " +"used to override default options for this example. Any option flags not " +"contained in this dictionary are left at their default value (as specified " +"by the :class:`DocTestRunner`'s :ref:`optionflags `). By " +"default, no options are set." +msgstr "" +"一个将选项旗标映射到 ``True`` 或 ``False`` 的字典，用于覆盖这个例子的默认选项。 " +"任何不包含在这个字典中的选项旗标都将保持其默认值（由 :class:`DocTestRunner` 的 :ref:`optionflags " +"` 指定）。 默认情况下，将不设置任何选项。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1361 +msgid "DocTestFinder objects" +msgstr "DocTestFinder 对象" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"A processing class used to extract the :class:`DocTest`\\ s that are " +"relevant to a given object, from its docstring and the docstrings of its " +"contained objects. :class:`DocTest`\\ s can be extracted from modules, " +"classes, functions, methods, staticmethods, classmethods, and properties." +msgstr "" +"一个处理类，用于从一个给定的对象的 docstring 和其包含的对象的 docstring 中提取与之相关的 :class:`DocTest` 。 " +":class:`DocTest` 可以从模块、类、函数、方法、静态方法、类方法和属性中提取。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *verbose* can be used to display the objects searched " +"by the finder. It defaults to ``False`` (no output)." +msgstr "可选的参数 *verbose* 可以用来显示查找器搜索到的对象。 它的默认值是 ``False`` （无输出）。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1374 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *parser* specifies the :class:`DocTestParser` object " +"(or a drop-in replacement) that is used to extract doctests from docstrings." +msgstr "" +"可选的参数 *parser* 指定了 :class:`DocTestParser` 对象（或一个可替换的对象），用于从文档串中提取 doctest 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1377 +msgid "" +"If the optional argument *recurse* is false, then :meth:`DocTestFinder.find`" +" will only examine the given object, and not any contained objects." +msgstr "" +"如果可选的参数 *recurse* 是 False ，那么 :meth:`DocTestFinder.find` " +"将只检查给定的对象，而不是任何包含的对象。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1380 +msgid "" +"If the optional argument *exclude_empty* is false, then " +":meth:`DocTestFinder.find` will include tests for objects with empty " +"docstrings." +msgstr "" +"如果可选参数 *exclude_empty* 为 False ，那么 :meth:`DocTestFinder.find` " +"将包括对文档字符串为空的对象的测试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1384 +msgid ":class:`DocTestFinder` defines the following method:" +msgstr ":class:`DocTestFinder` 定义了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1389 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the :class:`DocTest`\\ s that are defined by *obj*'s " +"docstring, or by any of its contained objects' docstrings." +msgstr "返回 :class:`DocTest` 的列表，该列表由 *obj* 的文档串或其包含的任何对象的文档串定义。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1392 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *name* specifies the object's name; this name will be " +"used to construct names for the returned :class:`DocTest`\\ s. If *name* is" +" not specified, then ``obj.__name__`` is used." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *name* 指定了对象的名称；这个名称将被用来为返回的 :class:`DocTest` 构建名称。 如果没有指定 *name* ，则使用 " +"``obj.__name__`` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1396 +msgid "" +"The optional parameter *module* is the module that contains the given " +"object. If the module is not specified or is ``None``, then the test finder " +"will attempt to automatically determine the correct module. The object's " +"module is used:" +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *module* 是包含给定对象的模块。如果没有指定模块或者是 ``None`` ，那么测试查找器将试图自动确定正确的模块。 " +"该对象被使用的模块：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1400 +msgid "As a default namespace, if *globs* is not specified." +msgstr "作为一个默认的命名空间，如果没有指定 *globs* 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"To prevent the DocTestFinder from extracting DocTests from objects that are " +"imported from other modules. (Contained objects with modules other than " +"*module* are ignored.)" +msgstr "" +"为了防止 DocTestFinder 从其他模块导入的对象中提取 DocTest 。 (包含有除 *module* 以外的模块的对象会被忽略)。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1406 +msgid "To find the name of the file containing the object." +msgstr "找到包含该对象的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1408 +msgid "To help find the line number of the object within its file." +msgstr "找到该对象在其文件中的行号。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"If *module* is ``False``, no attempt to find the module will be made. This " +"is obscure, of use mostly in testing doctest itself: if *module* is " +"``False``, or is ``None`` but cannot be found automatically, then all " +"objects are considered to belong to the (non-existent) module, so all " +"contained objects will (recursively) be searched for doctests." +msgstr "" +"如果 *module* 是 ``False`` ，将不会试图找到这个模块。 这是不明确的，主要用于测试 doctest 本身：如果 *module* 是" +" ``False`` ，或者是 ``None`` 但不能自动找到，那么所有对象都被认为属于（不存在的）模块，所以所有包含的对象将（递归地）被搜索到 " +"doctest 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1416 +msgid "" +"The globals for each :class:`DocTest` is formed by combining *globs* and " +"*extraglobs* (bindings in *extraglobs* override bindings in *globs*). A new" +" shallow copy of the globals dictionary is created for each " +":class:`DocTest`. If *globs* is not specified, then it defaults to the " +"module's *__dict__*, if specified, or ``{}`` otherwise. If *extraglobs* is " +"not specified, then it defaults to ``{}``." +msgstr "" +"每个 :class:`DocTest` 的 globals 是由 *globs* 和 *extraglobs* 组合而成的（ *extraglobs* " +"的绑定覆盖 *globs* 的绑定）。 为每个 :class:`DocTest` 创建一个新的 globals 字典的浅层拷贝。如果没有指定 " +"*globs* ，那么它默认为模块的 *__dict__* ，如果指定了或者为 ``{}`` ，则除外。 如果没有指定 *extraglobs* " +"，那么它默认为 ``{}`` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1427 +msgid "DocTestParser objects" +msgstr "DocTestParser 对象" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1432 +msgid "" +"A processing class used to extract interactive examples from a string, and " +"use them to create a :class:`DocTest` object." +msgstr "一个处理类，用于从一个字符串中提取交互式的用例，并使用它们来创建一个 :class:`DocTest` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1436 +msgid ":class:`DocTestParser` defines the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`DocTestParser` 定义了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1441 +msgid "" +"Extract all doctest examples from the given string, and collect them into a " +":class:`DocTest` object." +msgstr "从给定的字符串中提取所有的测试用例，并将它们收集到一个 :class:`DocTest` 对象中。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1444 +msgid "" +"*globs*, *name*, *filename*, and *lineno* are attributes for the new " +":class:`DocTest` object. See the documentation for :class:`DocTest` for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +"*globs* 、 *name* 、 *filename* 和 *lineno* 是新的 :class:`DocTest` 对象的属性。 更多信息请参见" +" :class:`DocTest` 的文档。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"Extract all doctest examples from the given string, and return them as a " +"list of :class:`Example` objects. Line numbers are 0-based. The optional " +"argument *name* is a name identifying this string, and is only used for " +"error messages." +msgstr "" +"从给定的字符串中提取所有的测试用例，并以 :class:`Example` 对象列表的形式返回。 行数以 0 为基数。 可选参数 *name* " +"用于识别这个字符串的名称，只用于错误信息。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"Divide the given string into examples and intervening text, and return them " +"as a list of alternating :class:`Example`\\ s and strings. Line numbers for " +"the :class:`Example`\\ s are 0-based. The optional argument *name* is a " +"name identifying this string, and is only used for error messages." +msgstr "" +"将给定的字符串分成用例和中间的文本，并以 :class:`Example` 和字符串交替的列表形式返回。 :class:`Example` 的行号以 0" +" 为基数。 可选参数 *name* 用于识别这个字符串的名称，只用于错误信息。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1465 +msgid "TestResults objects" +msgstr "TestResults 对象" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1472 +msgid "Number of failed tests." +msgstr "失败的测试数量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1476 +msgid "Number of attempted tests." +msgstr "执行的测试数量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1480 +msgid "Number of skipped tests." +msgstr "跳过的测试数量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1488 +msgid "DocTestRunner objects" +msgstr "DocTestRunner 对象" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1493 +msgid "" +"A processing class used to execute and verify the interactive examples in a " +":class:`DocTest`." +msgstr "一个处理类，用于执行和验证 :class:`DocTest` 中的交互式用例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1496 +msgid "" +"The comparison between expected outputs and actual outputs is done by an " +":class:`OutputChecker`. This comparison may be customized with a number of " +"option flags; see section :ref:`doctest-options` for more information. If " +"the option flags are insufficient, then the comparison may also be " +"customized by passing a subclass of :class:`OutputChecker` to the " +"constructor." +msgstr "" +"预期输出和实际输出之间的比较是由一个 :class:`OutputChecker` 完成的。 这种比较可以用一些选项标志来定制；更多信息请看 " +":ref:`doctest-options` 部分。 如果选项标志不够，那么也可以通过向构造函数传递 :class:`OutputChecker` " +"的子类来定制比较。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"The test runner's display output can be controlled in two ways. First, an " +"output function can be passed to :meth:`run`; this function will be called " +"with strings that should be displayed. It defaults to ``sys.stdout.write``." +" If capturing the output is not sufficient, then the display output can be " +"also customized by subclassing DocTestRunner, and overriding the methods " +":meth:`report_start`, :meth:`report_success`, " +":meth:`report_unexpected_exception`, and :meth:`report_failure`." +msgstr "" +"测试运行器的显示输出可以通过两种方式来控制。 首先，一个输出函数可以被传递给 :meth:`run`；这个函数将被调用并传入要显示的字符串。 默认使用 " +"``sys.stdout.write``。 如果捕获输出是不够的，那么也可以通过子类化 DocTestRunner，并重写 " +":meth:`report_start`, :meth:`report_success`, " +":meth:`report_unexpected_exception` 和 :meth:`report_failure` 等方法来定制显示输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"The optional keyword argument *checker* specifies the :class:`OutputChecker`" +" object (or drop-in replacement) that should be used to compare the expected" +" outputs to the actual outputs of doctest examples." +msgstr "" +"可选的关键字参数 *checker* 指定了 :class:`OutputChecker` 对象（或其相似替换），它应该被用来比较预期输出和 " +"doctest 用例的实际输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"The optional keyword argument *verbose* controls the " +":class:`DocTestRunner`'s verbosity. If *verbose* is ``True``, then " +"information is printed about each example, as it is run. If *verbose* is " +"``False``, then only failures are printed. If *verbose* is unspecified, or " +"``None``, then verbose output is used iff the command-line switch ``-v`` is " +"used." +msgstr "" +"可选的关键字参数 *verbose* 控制 :class:`DocTestRunner` 的详细程度。 如果 *verbose* 是 ``True`` " +"，那么每个用例的信息都会被打印出来，当它正在运行时。 如果 *verbose* 是 ``False`` ，则只打印失败的信息。 当 *verbose* " +"没有指定，或者为 ``None`` ，如果使用了命令行开关 ``-v`` ，则使用verbose输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1520 +msgid "" +"The optional keyword argument *optionflags* can be used to control how the " +"test runner compares expected output to actual output, and how it displays " +"failures. For more information, see section :ref:`doctest-options`." +msgstr "" +"可选的关键字参数 *optionflags* 可以用来控制测试运行器如何比较预期输出和实际输出，以及如何显示失败。更多信息，请参见章节 " +":ref:`doctest-options` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1524 +msgid "" +"The test runner accumulates statistics. The aggregated number of attempted, " +"failed and skipped examples is also available via the :attr:`tries`, " +":attr:`failures` and :attr:`skips` attributes. The :meth:`run` and " +":meth:`summarize` methods return a :class:`TestResults` instance." +msgstr "" +"测试运行将累积统计数据。 已尝试、已失败和已跳过的示例的聚合计数也可通过 :attr:`tries`, :attr:`failures` 和 " +":attr:`skips` 属性来获取。 :meth:`run` 和 :meth:`summarize` 方法将返回一个 " +":class:`TestResults` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1529 +msgid ":class:`DocTestRunner` defines the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`DocTestRunner` 定义了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"Report that the test runner is about to process the given example. This " +"method is provided to allow subclasses of :class:`DocTestRunner` to " +"customize their output; it should not be called directly." +msgstr "" +"报告测试运行器即将处理给定的用例。提供这个方法是为了让 :class:`DocTestRunner` 的子类能够定制他们的输出；它不应该被直接调用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1538 +msgid "" +"*example* is the example about to be processed. *test* is the test " +"*containing example*. *out* is the output function that was passed to " +":meth:`DocTestRunner.run`." +msgstr "" +"*example* 是即将被处理的用。 *test* 是 *包含用例* 的测试。 *out* 是传递给 " +":meth:`DocTestRunner.run` 的输出函数。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1545 +msgid "" +"Report that the given example ran successfully. This method is provided to " +"allow subclasses of :class:`DocTestRunner` to customize their output; it " +"should not be called directly." +msgstr "" +"报告给定的用例运行成功。 提供这个方法是为了让 :class:`DocTestRunner` 的子类能够定制他们的输出；它不应该被直接调用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1549 ../../library/doctest.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"*example* is the example about to be processed. *got* is the actual output " +"from the example. *test* is the test containing *example*. *out* is the " +"output function that was passed to :meth:`DocTestRunner.run`." +msgstr "" +"*example* 是即将被处理的用例。 *got* 是这个例子的实际输出。 *test* 是包含 *example* 的测试。 *out* 是传递给 " +":meth:`DocTestRunner.run` 的输出函数。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1556 +msgid "" +"Report that the given example failed. This method is provided to allow " +"subclasses of :class:`DocTestRunner` to customize their output; it should " +"not be called directly." +msgstr "" +"报告给定的用例运行失败。 提供这个方法是为了让 :class:`DocTestRunner` 的子类能够定制他们的输出；它不应该被直接调用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1567 +msgid "" +"Report that the given example raised an unexpected exception. This method is" +" provided to allow subclasses of :class:`DocTestRunner` to customize their " +"output; it should not be called directly." +msgstr "" +"报告给定的用例触发了一个异常。 提供这个方法是为了让 :class:`DocTestRunner` 的子类能够定制他们的输出；它不应该被直接调用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1571 +msgid "" +"*example* is the example about to be processed. *exc_info* is a tuple " +"containing information about the unexpected exception (as returned by " +":func:`sys.exc_info`). *test* is the test containing *example*. *out* is " +"the output function that was passed to :meth:`DocTestRunner.run`." +msgstr "" +"*example* 是将要被处理的用例。 *exc_info* 是一个元组，包含关于异常的信息（如由 :func:`sys.exc_info` 返回）。" +" *test* 是包含 *example* 的测试。 *out* 是传递给 :meth:`DocTestRunner.run` 的输出函数。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1579 +msgid "" +"Run the examples in *test* (a :class:`DocTest` object), and display the " +"results using the writer function *out*. Return a :class:`TestResults` " +"instance." +msgstr "" +"运行 *test* (一个 :class:`DocTest` 对象) 中的示例，并使用写入函数 *out* 显示结果。 返回一个 " +":class:`TestResults` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"The examples are run in the namespace ``test.globs``. If *clear_globs* is " +"true (the default), then this namespace will be cleared after the test runs," +" to help with garbage collection. If you would like to examine the namespace" +" after the test completes, then use *clear_globs=False*." +msgstr "" +"这些用例都是在命名空间 ``test.globs`` 中运行的。 如果 *clear_globs* 为 True " +"（默认），那么这个命名空间将在测试运行后被清除，以帮助进行垃圾回收。如果你想在测试完成后检查命名空间，那么使用 *clear_globs=False* " +"。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1588 +msgid "" +"*compileflags* gives the set of flags that should be used by the Python " +"compiler when running the examples. If not specified, then it will default " +"to the set of future-import flags that apply to *globs*." +msgstr "" +"*compileflags* 给出了 Python 编译器在运行例子时应该使用的标志集。如果没有指定，那么它将默认为适用于 *globs* 的 " +"future-import 标志集。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"The output of each example is checked using the :class:`DocTestRunner`'s " +"output checker, and the results are formatted by the " +":meth:`!DocTestRunner.report_\\*` methods." +msgstr "" +"每个例子的输出都使用The output of each example is checked using the " +":class:`DocTestRunner` 的输出检查器进行检查，并且结果将由 :meth:`!DocTestRunner.report_\\*` " +"方法来格式化。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1599 +msgid "" +"Print a summary of all the test cases that have been run by this " +"DocTestRunner, and return a :class:`TestResults` instance." +msgstr "打印这个 DocTestRunner 运行过的所有测试用例的概要，并返回一个 :class:`TestResults` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1602 +msgid "" +"The optional *verbose* argument controls how detailed the summary is. If " +"the verbosity is not specified, then the :class:`DocTestRunner`'s verbosity " +"is used." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *verbose* 参数控制摘要的详细程度。 如果没有指定 verbose ，那么将使用 :class:`DocTestRunner` 的 " +"verbose 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1606 +msgid ":class:`DocTestParser` has the following attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`DocTestParser` 具有下列属性：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1610 +msgid "Number of attempted examples." +msgstr "尝试的示例数量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1614 +msgid "Number of failed examples." +msgstr "失败的示例数量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1618 +msgid "Number of skipped examples." +msgstr "跳过的示例数量。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1626 +msgid "OutputChecker objects" +msgstr "OutputChecker 对象" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1631 +msgid "" +"A class used to check the whether the actual output from a doctest example " +"matches the expected output. :class:`OutputChecker` defines two methods: " +":meth:`check_output`, which compares a given pair of outputs, and returns " +"``True`` if they match; and :meth:`output_difference`, which returns a " +"string describing the differences between two outputs." +msgstr "" +"一个用于检查测试用例的实际输出是否与预期输出相匹配的类。 :class:`OutputChecker` 定义了两个方法： " +":meth:`check_output` ，比较给定的一对输出，如果它们匹配则返回 ``True`` ； " +":meth:`output_difference` ，返回一个描述两个输出之间差异的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1638 +msgid ":class:`OutputChecker` defines the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`OutputChecker` 定义了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1642 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` iff the actual output from an example (*got*) matches the " +"expected output (*want*). These strings are always considered to match if " +"they are identical; but depending on what option flags the test runner is " +"using, several non-exact match types are also possible. See section " +":ref:`doctest-options` for more information about option flags." +msgstr "" +"如果一个用例的实际输出（ *got* ）与预期输出（ *want* ）匹配，则返回 ``True`` 。 " +"如果这些字符串是相同的，总是被认为是匹配的；但是根据测试运行器使用的选项标志，也可能有几种非精确的匹配类型。 参见章节 :ref:`doctest-" +"options` 了解更多关于选项标志的信息。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1651 +msgid "" +"Return a string describing the differences between the expected output for a" +" given example (*example*) and the actual output (*got*). *optionflags* is " +"the set of option flags used to compare *want* and *got*." +msgstr "" +"返回一个字符串，描述给定用例（ *example* ）的预期输出和实际输出（ *got* ）之间的差异。 *optionflags* 是用于比较 " +"*want* 和 *got* 的选项标志集。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1659 +msgid "Debugging" +msgstr "调试" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1661 +msgid "Doctest provides several mechanisms for debugging doctest examples:" +msgstr "Doctest 提供了几种调试 doctest 用例的机制：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1663 +msgid "" +"Several functions convert doctests to executable Python programs, which can " +"be run under the Python debugger, :mod:`pdb`." +msgstr "有几个函数将测试转换为可执行的 Python 程序，这些程序可以在 Python 调试器， :mod:`pdb` 下运行。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1666 +msgid "" +"The :class:`DebugRunner` class is a subclass of :class:`DocTestRunner` that " +"raises an exception for the first failing example, containing information " +"about that example. This information can be used to perform post-mortem " +"debugging on the example." +msgstr "" +":class:`DebugRunner` 类是 :class:`DocTestRunner` " +"的一个子类，它为第一个失败的用例触发一个异常，包含关于这个用例的信息。这些信息可以用来对这个用例进行事后调试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1671 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` cases generated by :func:`DocTestSuite` support the " +":meth:`debug` method defined by :class:`unittest.TestCase`." +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`DocTestSuite` 生成的 :mod:`unittest` 用例支持由 :class:`unittest.TestCase` " +"定义的 :meth:`debug` 方法，。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1674 +msgid "" +"You can add a call to :func:`pdb.set_trace` in a doctest example, and you'll" +" drop into the Python debugger when that line is executed. Then you can " +"inspect current values of variables, and so on. For example, suppose " +":file:`a.py` contains just this module docstring::" +msgstr "" +"你可以在 doctest 的用例中加入对 :func:`pdb.set_trace` 的调用，当这一行被执行时，你会进入 Python 调试器。 " +"然后你可以检查变量的当前值，等等。 例如，假设 :file:`a.py` 只包含这个模块 docstring ::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1679 +msgid "" +"\"\"\"\n" +">>> def f(x):\n" +"... g(x*2)\n" +">>> def g(x):\n" +"... print(x+3)\n" +"... import pdb; pdb.set_trace()\n" +">>> f(3)\n" +"9\n" +"\"\"\"" +msgstr "" +"\"\"\"\n" +">>> def f(x):\n" +"... g(x*2)\n" +">>> def g(x):\n" +"... print(x+3)\n" +"... import pdb; pdb.set_trace()\n" +">>> f(3)\n" +"9\n" +"\"\"\"" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1689 +msgid "Then an interactive Python session may look like this::" +msgstr "那么一个交互式Python会话可能是这样的::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1691 +msgid "" +">>> import a, doctest\n" +">>> doctest.testmod(a)\n" +"--Return--\n" +"> (3)g()->None\n" +"-> import pdb; pdb.set_trace()\n" +"(Pdb) list\n" +" 1 def g(x):\n" +" 2 print(x+3)\n" +" 3 -> import pdb; pdb.set_trace()\n" +"[EOF]\n" +"(Pdb) p x\n" +"6\n" +"(Pdb) step\n" +"--Return--\n" +"> (2)f()->None\n" +"-> g(x*2)\n" +"(Pdb) list\n" +" 1 def f(x):\n" +" 2 -> g(x*2)\n" +"[EOF]\n" +"(Pdb) p x\n" +"3\n" +"(Pdb) step\n" +"--Return--\n" +"> (1)?()->None\n" +"-> f(3)\n" +"(Pdb) cont\n" +"(0, 3)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> import a, doctest\n" +">>> doctest.testmod(a)\n" +"--Return--\n" +"> (3)g()->None\n" +"-> import pdb; pdb.set_trace()\n" +"(Pdb) list\n" +" 1 def g(x):\n" +" 2 print(x+3)\n" +" 3 -> import pdb; pdb.set_trace()\n" +"[EOF]\n" +"(Pdb) p x\n" +"6\n" +"(Pdb) step\n" +"--Return--\n" +"> (2)f()->None\n" +"-> g(x*2)\n" +"(Pdb) list\n" +" 1 def f(x):\n" +" 2 -> g(x*2)\n" +"[EOF]\n" +"(Pdb) p x\n" +"3\n" +"(Pdb) step\n" +"--Return--\n" +"> (1)?()->None\n" +"-> f(3)\n" +"(Pdb) cont\n" +"(0, 3)\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"Functions that convert doctests to Python code, and possibly run the " +"synthesized code under the debugger:" +msgstr "将测试转换为 Python 代码的函数，并可能在调试器下运行合成的代码:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1728 +msgid "Convert text with examples to a script." +msgstr "将带有用例的文本转换为脚本。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1730 +msgid "" +"Argument *s* is a string containing doctest examples. The string is " +"converted to a Python script, where doctest examples in *s* are converted to" +" regular code, and everything else is converted to Python comments. The " +"generated script is returned as a string. For example, ::" +msgstr "" +"参数 *s* 是一个包含测试用例的字符串。 该字符串被转换为 Python 脚本，其中 *s* 中的 doctest " +"用例被转换为常规代码，其他的都被转换为 Python 注释。 生成的脚本将以字符串的形式返回。例如， ::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1735 +msgid "" +"import doctest\n" +"print(doctest.script_from_examples(r\"\"\"\n" +" Set x and y to 1 and 2.\n" +" >>> x, y = 1, 2\n" +"\n" +" Print their sum:\n" +" >>> print(x+y)\n" +" 3\n" +"\"\"\"))" +msgstr "" +"import doctest\n" +"print(doctest.script_from_examples(r\"\"\"\n" +" Set x and y to 1 and 2.\n" +" >>> x, y = 1, 2\n" +"\n" +" Print their sum:\n" +" >>> print(x+y)\n" +" 3\n" +"\"\"\"))" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1745 +msgid "displays::" +msgstr "显示::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1747 +msgid "" +"# Set x and y to 1 and 2.\n" +"x, y = 1, 2\n" +"#\n" +"# Print their sum:\n" +"print(x+y)\n" +"# Expected:\n" +"## 3" +msgstr "" +"# 将 x 和 y 设为 1 和 2。\n" +"x, y = 1, 2\n" +"#\n" +"# 打印两者之和：\n" +"print(x+y)\n" +"# 预期：\n" +"## 3" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"This function is used internally by other functions (see below), but can " +"also be useful when you want to transform an interactive Python session into" +" a Python script." +msgstr "这个函数在内部被其他函数使用（见下文），但当你想把一个交互式 Python 会话转化为 Python 脚本时，也会很有用。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1762 +msgid "Convert the doctest for an object to a script." +msgstr "将一个对象的 doctest 转换为一个脚本。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1764 +msgid "" +"Argument *module* is a module object, or dotted name of a module, containing" +" the object whose doctests are of interest. Argument *name* is the name " +"(within the module) of the object with the doctests of interest. The result" +" is a string, containing the object's docstring converted to a Python " +"script, as described for :func:`script_from_examples` above. For example, " +"if module :file:`a.py` contains a top-level function :func:`!f`, then ::" +msgstr "" +"参数 *module* 是一个模块对象，或是一个带点号的模块名称，其中包含文档测试需要的对象。 参数 *name* " +"是文档测试需要的对象（在模块中）的名称。 结果是一个字符串，包含该对象的文档字符串转换成的 Python 脚本，如上面 " +":func:`script_from_examples` 所描述的。 举例来说，如果模块 :file:`a.py` 包含一个最高层级的函数 " +":func:`!f`，那么 ::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1771 +msgid "" +"import a, doctest\n" +"print(doctest.testsource(a, \"a.f\"))" +msgstr "" +"import a, doctest\n" +"print(doctest.testsource(a, \"a.f\"))" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1774 +msgid "" +"prints a script version of function :func:`!f`'s docstring, with doctests " +"converted to code, and the rest placed in comments." +msgstr "打印函数 :func:`!f` 的文档字符串的脚本版本，将文档测试转换为代码，而将其余内容放在注释中。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1780 +msgid "Debug the doctests for an object." +msgstr "对一个对象的 doctest 进行调试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1782 +msgid "" +"The *module* and *name* arguments are the same as for function " +":func:`testsource` above. The synthesized Python script for the named " +"object's docstring is written to a temporary file, and then that file is run" +" under the control of the Python debugger, :mod:`pdb`." +msgstr "" +"*module* 和 *name* 参数与上面函数 :func:`testsource` 的参数相同。 被命名对象的文本串的合成 Python " +"脚本被写入一个临时文件，然后该文件在 Python 调试器 :mod:`pdb` 的控制下运行。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1787 +msgid "" +"A shallow copy of ``module.__dict__`` is used for both local and global " +"execution context." +msgstr "``module.__dict__`` 的一个浅层拷贝被用于本地和全局的执行环境。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *pm* controls whether post-mortem debugging is used. If " +"*pm* has a true value, the script file is run directly, and the debugger " +"gets involved only if the script terminates via raising an unhandled " +"exception. If it does, then post-mortem debugging is invoked, via " +":func:`pdb.post_mortem`, passing the traceback object from the unhandled " +"exception. If *pm* is not specified, or is false, the script is run under " +"the debugger from the start, via passing an appropriate :func:`exec` call to" +" :func:`pdb.run`." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *pm* 控制是否使用事后调试。 如果 *pm* 为 True " +"，则直接运行脚本文件，只有当脚本通过引发一个未处理的异常而终止时，调试器才会介入。如果是这样，就会通过 :func:`pdb.post_mortem` " +"调用事后调试，并传递未处理异常的跟踪对象。如果没有指定 *pm* ，或者是 False ，脚本将从一开始就在调试器下运行，通过传递一个适当的 " +":func:`exec` 调用给 :func:`pdb.run` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1801 +msgid "Debug the doctests in a string." +msgstr "在一个字符串中调试 doctest 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"This is like function :func:`debug` above, except that a string containing " +"doctest examples is specified directly, via the *src* argument." +msgstr "这就像上面的函数 :func:`debug` ，只是通过 *src* 参数，直接指定一个包含测试用例的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1806 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *pm* has the same meaning as in function :func:`debug` " +"above." +msgstr "可选参数 *pm* 的含义与上述函数 :func:`debug` 的含义相同。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1808 +msgid "" +"Optional argument *globs* gives a dictionary to use as both local and global" +" execution context. If not specified, or ``None``, an empty dictionary is " +"used. If specified, a shallow copy of the dictionary is used." +msgstr "" +"可选的参数 *globs* 给出了一个字典，作为本地和全局的执行环境。 如果没有指定，或者为 ``None`` " +"，则使用一个空的字典。如果指定，则使用字典的浅层拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1813 +msgid "" +"The :class:`DebugRunner` class, and the special exceptions it may raise, are" +" of most interest to testing framework authors, and will only be sketched " +"here. See the source code, and especially :class:`DebugRunner`'s docstring " +"(which is a doctest!) for more details:" +msgstr "" +":class:`DebugRunner` 类，以及它可能触发的特殊异常，是测试框架作者最感兴趣的，在此仅作简要介绍。请看源代码，特别是 " +":class:`DebugRunner` 的文档串（这是一个测试！）以了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1821 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`DocTestRunner` that raises an exception as soon as a " +"failure is encountered. If an unexpected exception occurs, an " +":exc:`UnexpectedException` exception is raised, containing the test, the " +"example, and the original exception. If the output doesn't match, then a " +":exc:`DocTestFailure` exception is raised, containing the test, the example," +" and the actual output." +msgstr "" +":class:`DocTestRunner` 的一个子类，一旦遇到失败，就会触发一个异常。 如果一个意外的异常发生，就会引发一个 " +":exc:`UnexpectedException` 异常，包含测试、用例和原始异常。 如果输出不匹配，那么就会引发一个 " +":exc:`DocTestFailure` 异常，包含测试、用例和实际输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1828 +msgid "" +"For information about the constructor parameters and methods, see the " +"documentation for :class:`DocTestRunner` in section :ref:`doctest-advanced-" +"api`." +msgstr "" +"关于构造函数参数和方法的信息，请参见 :class:`DocTestRunner` 部分的文档 :ref:`doctest-advanced-api` " +"。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1831 +msgid "" +"There are two exceptions that may be raised by :class:`DebugRunner` " +"instances:" +msgstr ":class:`DebugRunner` 实例可能会触发两种异常。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1836 +msgid "" +"An exception raised by :class:`DocTestRunner` to signal that a doctest " +"example's actual output did not match its expected output. The constructor " +"arguments are used to initialize the attributes of the same names." +msgstr "" +":class:`DocTestRunner` 触发的异常，表示一个 doctest " +"用例的实际输出与预期输出不一致。构造函数参数被用来初始化相同名称的属性。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1840 +msgid ":exc:`DocTestFailure` defines the following attributes:" +msgstr ":exc:`DocTestFailure` 定义了以下属性:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1845 ../../library/doctest.rst:1869 +msgid "" +"The :class:`DocTest` object that was being run when the example failed." +msgstr "当该用例失败时正在运行的 :class:`DocTest` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1850 ../../library/doctest.rst:1874 +msgid "The :class:`Example` that failed." +msgstr "失败的 :class:`Example` 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1855 +msgid "The example's actual output." +msgstr "用例的实际输出。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1860 +msgid "" +"An exception raised by :class:`DocTestRunner` to signal that a doctest " +"example raised an unexpected exception. The constructor arguments are used " +"to initialize the attributes of the same names." +msgstr "" +"一个由 :class:`DocTestRunner` 触发的异常，以提示一个 doctest 用例引发了一个意外的异常。 " +"构造函数参数被用来初始化相同名称的属性。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1864 +msgid ":exc:`UnexpectedException` defines the following attributes:" +msgstr ":exc:`UnexpectedException` 定义了以下属性:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1879 +msgid "" +"A tuple containing information about the unexpected exception, as returned " +"by :func:`sys.exc_info`." +msgstr "一个包含意外异常信息的元组，由 :func:`sys.ex_info` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1886 +msgid "Soapbox" +msgstr "肥皂盒" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1888 +msgid "" +"As mentioned in the introduction, :mod:`doctest` has grown to have three " +"primary uses:" +msgstr "正如介绍中提到的， :mod:`doctest` 已经发展到有三个主要用途:" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1891 +msgid "Checking examples in docstrings." +msgstr "检查 docstring 中的用例。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1893 +msgid "Regression testing." +msgstr "回归测试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1895 +msgid "Executable documentation / literate testing." +msgstr "可执行的文档/文字测试。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1897 +msgid "" +"These uses have different requirements, and it is important to distinguish " +"them. In particular, filling your docstrings with obscure test cases makes " +"for bad documentation." +msgstr "这些用途有不同的要求，区分它们是很重要的。特别是，用晦涩难懂的测试用例来填充你的文档字符串会使文档变得很糟糕。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1901 +msgid "" +"When writing a docstring, choose docstring examples with care. There's an " +"art to this that needs to be learned---it may not be natural at first. " +"Examples should add genuine value to the documentation. A good example can " +"often be worth many words. If done with care, the examples will be " +"invaluable for your users, and will pay back the time it takes to collect " +"them many times over as the years go by and things change. I'm still amazed" +" at how often one of my :mod:`doctest` examples stops working after a " +"\"harmless\" change." +msgstr "" +"在编写文档串时，要谨慎地选择文档串的用例。这是一门需要学习的艺术——一开始可能并不自然。用例应该为文档增加真正的价值。 " +"一个好的用例往往可以抵得上许多文字。如果用心去做，这些用例对你的用户来说是非常有价值的，而且随着时间的推移和事情的变化，收集这些用例所花费的时间也会得到很多倍的回报。" +" 我仍然惊讶于我的 :mod:`doctest` 用例在一个“无害”的变化后停止工作。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1909 +msgid "" +"Doctest also makes an excellent tool for regression testing, especially if " +"you don't skimp on explanatory text. By interleaving prose and examples, it" +" becomes much easier to keep track of what's actually being tested, and why." +" When a test fails, good prose can make it much easier to figure out what " +"the problem is, and how it should be fixed. It's true that you could write " +"extensive comments in code-based testing, but few programmers do. Many have " +"found that using doctest approaches instead leads to much clearer tests. " +"Perhaps this is simply because doctest makes writing prose a little easier " +"than writing code, while writing comments in code is a little harder. I " +"think it goes deeper than just that: the natural attitude when writing a " +"doctest-based test is that you want to explain the fine points of your " +"software, and illustrate them with examples. This in turn naturally leads to" +" test files that start with the simplest features, and logically progress to" +" complications and edge cases. A coherent narrative is the result, instead " +"of a collection of isolated functions that test isolated bits of " +"functionality seemingly at random. It's a different attitude, and produces " +"different results, blurring the distinction between testing and explaining." +msgstr "" +"Doctest 也是回归测试的一个很好的工具，特别是如果你不吝啬解释的文字。 " +"通过交错的文本和用例，可以更容易地跟踪真正的测试，以及为什么。当测试失败时，好的文本可以使你更容易弄清问题所在，以及如何解决。 " +"的确，你可以在基于代码的测试中写大量的注释，但很少有程序员这样做。许多人发现，使用 doctest 方法反而能使测试更加清晰。 也许这只是因为 " +"doctest 使写散文比写代码容易一些，而在代码中写注释则有点困难。 我认为它比这更深入：当写一个基于 doctest " +"的测试时，自然的态度是你想解释你的软件的细微之处，并用例子来说明它们。这反过来又自然地导致了测试文件从最简单的功能开始，然后逻辑地发展到复杂和边缘案例。" +" 一个连贯的叙述是结果，而不是一个孤立的函数集合，似乎是随机的测试孤立的功能位。 这是一种不同的态度，产生不同的结果，模糊了测试和解释之间的区别。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1927 +msgid "" +"Regression testing is best confined to dedicated objects or files. There " +"are several options for organizing tests:" +msgstr "回归测试最好限制在专用对象或文件中。 有几种组织测试的选择：" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"Write text files containing test cases as interactive examples, and test the" +" files using :func:`testfile` or :func:`DocFileSuite`. This is recommended," +" although is easiest to do for new projects, designed from the start to use " +"doctest." +msgstr "" +"编写包含测试案例的文本文件作为交互式例子，并使用 :func:`testfile` 或 :func:`DocFileSuite` 来测试这些文件。 " +"建议这样做，尽管对于新的项目来说是最容易做到的，从一开始就设计成使用 doctest 。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1935 +msgid "" +"Define functions named ``_regrtest_topic`` that consist of single " +"docstrings, containing test cases for the named topics. These functions can" +" be included in the same file as the module, or separated out into a " +"separate test file." +msgstr "" +"定义命名为 ``_regrtest_topic`` 的函数，由单个文档串组成，包含命名主题的测试用例。 " +"这些函数可以包含在与模块相同的文件中，或分离出来成为一个单独的测试文件。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1939 +msgid "" +"Define a ``__test__`` dictionary mapping from regression test topics to " +"docstrings containing test cases." +msgstr "定义一个从回归测试主题到包含测试用例的文档串的 ``__test__`` 字典映射。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1942 +msgid "" +"When you have placed your tests in a module, the module can itself be the " +"test runner. When a test fails, you can arrange for your test runner to re-" +"run only the failing doctest while you debug the problem. Here is a minimal" +" example of such a test runner::" +msgstr "" +"当你把你的测试放在一个模块中时，这个模块本身就可以成为测试运行器。 当一个测试失败时，你可以安排你的测试运行器只重新运行失败的测试，同时调试问题。 " +"下面是这样一个测试运行器的最小例子::" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" import doctest\n" +" flags = doctest.REPORT_NDIFF|doctest.FAIL_FAST\n" +" if len(sys.argv) > 1:\n" +" name = sys.argv[1]\n" +" if name in globals():\n" +" obj = globals()[name]\n" +" else:\n" +" obj = __test__[name]\n" +" doctest.run_docstring_examples(obj, globals(), name=name,\n" +" optionflags=flags)\n" +" else:\n" +" fail, total = doctest.testmod(optionflags=flags)\n" +" print(f\"{fail} failures out of {total} tests\")" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" import doctest\n" +" flags = doctest.REPORT_NDIFF|doctest.FAIL_FAST\n" +" if len(sys.argv) > 1:\n" +" name = sys.argv[1]\n" +" if name in globals():\n" +" obj = globals()[name]\n" +" else:\n" +" obj = __test__[name]\n" +" doctest.run_docstring_examples(obj, globals(), name=name,\n" +" optionflags=flags)\n" +" else:\n" +" fail, total = doctest.testmod(optionflags=flags)\n" +" print(f\"{fail} failures out of {total} tests\")" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1964 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:1965 +msgid "" +"Examples containing both expected output and an exception are not supported." +" Trying to guess where one ends and the other begins is too error-prone, and" +" that also makes for a confusing test." +msgstr "不支持同时包含预期输出和异常的用例。试图猜测一个在哪里结束，另一个在哪里开始，太容易出错了，而且这也会使测试变得混乱。" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:369 +msgid ">>>" +msgstr ">>>" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:369 +msgid "interpreter prompt" +msgstr "解释器提示符" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:369 ../../library/doctest.rst:604 +msgid "..." +msgstr "..." + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:535 +msgid "^ (caret)" +msgstr "^ (脱字号)" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:535 +msgid "marker" +msgstr "标记" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:584 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:604 ../../library/doctest.rst:729 +msgid "in doctests" +msgstr "在 doctests 中" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:729 +msgid "# (hash)" +msgstr "# (hash)" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:729 +msgid "+ (plus)" +msgstr "+ (加号)" + +#: ../../library/doctest.rst:729 +msgid "- (minus)" +msgstr "- (减号)" diff --git a/library/dummy_threading.po b/library/dummy_threading.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc8185992 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/dummy_threading.po @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2020, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cissoid , 2018 +# Pandaaaa906 , 2019 +# Meng Du , 2019 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.8\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-02-09 12:40+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-02-16 23:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Meng Du , 2019\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/dummy_threading.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`dummy_threading` --- Drop-in replacement for the :mod:`threading` " +"module" +msgstr ":mod:`dummy_threading` --- 可直接替代 :mod:`threading` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/dummy_threading.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dummy_threading.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/dummy_threading.py`" + +#: ../../library/dummy_threading.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Python now always has threading enabled. Please use :mod:`threading` " +"instead." +msgstr "现在Python总是启用多线程。请使用 :mod:`threading` 代替。" + +#: ../../library/dummy_threading.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This module provides a duplicate interface to the :mod:`threading` module. " +"It was meant to be imported when the :mod:`_thread` module was not provided " +"on a platform." +msgstr "" +"这个模块提供了一个和 :mod:`threading` 模块重复的接口。当平台不提供 :mod:`_thread` 模块时，应导入这个模块。" + +#: ../../library/dummy_threading.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Be careful to not use this module where deadlock might occur from a thread " +"being created that blocks waiting for another thread to be created. This " +"often occurs with blocking I/O." +msgstr "如果线程需要阻塞等待另一个线程被创建的话，可能会造成死锁，这通常是由于阻塞 I/O 引起的。这种场景下请不要使用这个模块。" diff --git a/library/email.charset.po b/library/email.charset.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..296c353fd --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.charset.po @@ -0,0 +1,343 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.charset`: Representing character sets" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.charset`: 表示字符集" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/charset.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/charset.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module is part of the legacy (``Compat32``) email API. In the new API " +"only the aliases table is used." +msgstr "此模块是旧版 (``Compat32``) email API 的组成部分。 在新版 API 中只会使用其中的别名表。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The remaining text in this section is the original documentation of the " +"module." +msgstr "本节中的其余文本是此模块的原始文档。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module provides a class :class:`Charset` for representing character " +"sets and character set conversions in email messages, as well as a character" +" set registry and several convenience methods for manipulating this " +"registry. Instances of :class:`Charset` are used in several other modules " +"within the :mod:`email` package." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了一个 :class:`Charset` " +"类用来表示电子邮件消息中的字符集和字符集转换操作，以及一个字符集注册表和几个用于操作此注册表的便捷方法。 :class:`Charset` 的实例在 " +":mod:`email` 包的其他几个模块中也有使用。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:22 +msgid "Import this class from the :mod:`email.charset` module." +msgstr "请从 :mod:`email.charset` 模块导入这个类。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:27 +msgid "Map character sets to their email properties." +msgstr "将字符集映射到其 email 特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:29 +msgid "" +"This class provides information about the requirements imposed on email for " +"a specific character set. It also provides convenience routines for " +"converting between character sets, given the availability of the applicable " +"codecs. Given a character set, it will do its best to provide information " +"on how to use that character set in an email message in an RFC-compliant " +"way." +msgstr "" +"这个类提供了特定字符集对于电子邮件的要求的相关信息。 考虑到适用编解码器的可用性，它还为字符集之间的转换提供了一些便捷例程。 " +"在给定字符集的情况下，它将尽可能地以符合 RFC 的方式在电子邮件消息中提供有关如何使用该字符集的信息。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Certain character sets must be encoded with quoted-printable or base64 when " +"used in email headers or bodies. Certain character sets must be converted " +"outright, and are not allowed in email." +msgstr "" +"特定字符集当在电子邮件标头或消息体中使用时必须以 quoted-printable 或 base64 来编码。 " +"某些字符集则必须被立即转换，不允许在电子邮件中使用。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Optional *input_charset* is as described below; it is always coerced to " +"lower case. After being alias normalized it is also used as a lookup into " +"the registry of character sets to find out the header encoding, body " +"encoding, and output conversion codec to be used for the character set. For" +" example, if *input_charset* is ``iso-8859-1``, then headers and bodies will" +" be encoded using quoted-printable and no output conversion codec is " +"necessary. If *input_charset* is ``euc-jp``, then headers will be encoded " +"with base64, bodies will not be encoded, but output text will be converted " +"from the ``euc-jp`` character set to the ``iso-2022-jp`` character set." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *input_charset* 说明如下；它总是会被强制转为小写。 " +"在进行别名正规化后它还会被用来查询字符集注册表以找出用于该字符集的标头编码格式、消息体编码格式和输出转换编解码器。 举例来说，如果 " +"*input_charset* 为 ``iso-8859-1``，则标头和消息体将会使用 quoted-printable " +"来编码并且不需要输出转换编解码器。 如果 *input_charset* 为 ``euc-jp``，则标头将使用 base64 " +"来编码，消息体将不会被编码，但输出文本将从 ``euc-jp`` 字符集转换为 ``iso-2022-jp`` 字符集。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:49 +msgid ":class:`Charset` instances have the following data attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`Charset` 实例具有下列数据属性:" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The initial character set specified. Common aliases are converted to their " +"*official* email names (e.g. ``latin_1`` is converted to ``iso-8859-1``). " +"Defaults to 7-bit ``us-ascii``." +msgstr "" +"指定的初始字符集。 通用别名会被转换为它们的 *官方* 电子邮件名称 (例如 ``latin_1`` 会被转换为 ``iso-8859-1``)。 " +"默认值为 7 位 ``us-ascii``。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:60 +msgid "" +"If the character set must be encoded before it can be used in an email " +"header, this attribute will be set to ``charset.QP`` (for quoted-printable)," +" ``charset.BASE64`` (for base64 encoding), or ``charset.SHORTEST`` for the " +"shortest of QP or BASE64 encoding. Otherwise, it will be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果字符集在用于电子邮件标头之前必须被编码，此属性将被设为 ``charset.QP`` (表示 quoted-printable 编码格式), " +"``charset.BASE64`` (表示 base64 编码格式) 或 ``charset.SHORTEST`` 表示 QP 或 BASE64 " +"编码格式中最简短的一个。 在其他情况下，该属性将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Same as *header_encoding*, but describes the encoding for the mail message's" +" body, which indeed may be different than the header encoding. " +"``charset.SHORTEST`` is not allowed for *body_encoding*." +msgstr "" +"与 *header_encoding* 一样，但是用来描述电子邮件消息体的编码格式，它实际上可以与标头编码格式不同。 " +"``charset.SHORTEST`` 不允许被用作 *body_encoding*。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Some character sets must be converted before they can be used in email " +"headers or bodies. If the *input_charset* is one of them, this attribute " +"will contain the name of the character set output will be converted to. " +"Otherwise, it will be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"某些字符集在用于电子邮件标头或消息体之前必须被转换。 如果 *input_charset* 是这些字符集之一，该属性将包含输出将要转换的字符集名称。 " +"在其他情况下，该属性将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:84 +msgid "" +"The name of the Python codec used to convert the *input_charset* to Unicode." +" If no conversion codec is necessary, this attribute will be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"用于将 *input_charset* 转换为 Unicode 的 Python 编解码器名称。 如果不需要任何转换编解码器，该属性将为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:91 +msgid "" +"The name of the Python codec used to convert Unicode to the " +"*output_charset*. If no conversion codec is necessary, this attribute will " +"have the same value as the *input_codec*." +msgstr "" +"用于将 Unicode 转换为 *output_charset* 的 Python 编解码器名称。 如果不需要任何转换编解码器，该属性将具有与 " +"*input_codec* 相同的值。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:96 +msgid ":class:`Charset` instances also have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Charset` 实例还有下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:100 +msgid "Return the content transfer encoding used for body encoding." +msgstr "返回用于消息体编码的内容转换编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:102 +msgid "" +"This is either the string ``quoted-printable`` or ``base64`` depending on " +"the encoding used, or it is a function, in which case you should call the " +"function with a single argument, the Message object being encoded. The " +"function should then set the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header " +"itself to whatever is appropriate." +msgstr "" +"根据所使用的编码格式返回 ``quoted-printable`` 或 " +"``base64``，或是返回一个函数，在这种情况下你应当调用该函数并附带一个参数，即被编码的消息对象。 该函数应当自行将 " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头设为适当的值。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Returns the string ``quoted-printable`` if *body_encoding* is ``QP``, " +"returns the string ``base64`` if *body_encoding* is ``BASE64``, and returns " +"the string ``7bit`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如果 *body_encoding* 为 ``QP`` 则返回字符串 ``quoted-printable``，如果 *body_encoding* 为" +" ``BASE64`` 则返回字符串 ``base64``，并在其他情况下返回字符串 ``7bit``。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:115 +msgid "Return the output character set." +msgstr "返回输出字符集。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:117 +msgid "" +"This is the *output_charset* attribute if that is not ``None``, otherwise it" +" is *input_charset*." +msgstr "如果 *output_charset* 属性不为 ``None`` 则返回该属性，否则返回 *input_charset*。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:123 +msgid "Header-encode the string *string*." +msgstr "对字符串 *string* 执行标头编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:125 +msgid "" +"The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on the " +"*header_encoding* attribute." +msgstr "编码格式的类型 (base64 或 quoted-printable) 将取决于 *header_encoding* 属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:131 +msgid "Header-encode a *string* by converting it first to bytes." +msgstr "通过先将 *string* 转换为字节串来对其执行标头编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:133 +msgid "" +"This is similar to :meth:`header_encode` except that the string is fit into " +"maximum line lengths as given by the argument *maxlengths*, which must be an" +" iterator: each element returned from this iterator will provide the next " +"maximum line length." +msgstr "" +"这类似于 :meth:`header_encode`，区别是字符串会被调整至参数 *maxlengths* " +"所给出的最大行长度，它应当是一个迭代器：该迭代器返回的每个元素将提供下一个最大行长度。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:141 +msgid "Body-encode the string *string*." +msgstr "对字符串 *string* 执行消息体编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on the " +"*body_encoding* attribute." +msgstr "编码格式的类型 (base64 或 quoted-printable) 将取决于 *body_encoding* 属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:146 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Charset` class also provides a number of methods to support " +"standard operations and built-in functions." +msgstr ":class:`Charset` 类还提供了一些方法以支持标准运算和内置函数。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Returns *input_charset* as a string coerced to lower case. :meth:`!__repr__`" +" is an alias for :meth:`!__str__`." +msgstr "" +"将 *input_charset* 以转为小写的字符串形式返回。 :meth:`!__repr__` 是 :meth:`!__str__` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:158 +msgid "" +"This method allows you to compare two :class:`Charset` instances for " +"equality." +msgstr "这个方法允许你对两个 :class:`Charset` 实例进行相等比较。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:164 +msgid "" +"This method allows you to compare two :class:`Charset` instances for " +"inequality." +msgstr "这个方法允许你对两个 :class:`Charset` 实例进行相等比较。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:167 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email.charset` module also provides the following functions for " +"adding new entries to the global character set, alias, and codec registries:" +msgstr ":mod:`email.charset` 模块还提供了下列函数用于向全局字符集、别名以及编解码器注册表添加新条目:" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:173 +msgid "Add character properties to the global registry." +msgstr "向全局注册表添加字符特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:175 +msgid "" +"*charset* is the input character set, and must be the canonical name of a " +"character set." +msgstr "*charset* 是输入字符集，它必须为某个字符集的正规名称。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Optional *header_enc* and *body_enc* is either ``charset.QP`` for quoted-" +"printable, ``charset.BASE64`` for base64 encoding, ``charset.SHORTEST`` for " +"the shortest of quoted-printable or base64 encoding, or ``None`` for no " +"encoding. ``SHORTEST`` is only valid for *header_enc*. The default is " +"``None`` for no encoding." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *header_enc* 和 *body_enc* 可以是 ``charset.QP`` 表示 quoted-printable 编码格式, " +"``charset.BASE64`` 表示 base64 编码格式, ``charset.SHORTEST`` 表示 quoted-printable " +"或 base64 编码格式中较短的一个，或者为 ``None`` 表示没有编码格式。 ``SHORTEST`` 仅对 *header_enc* 有效。 " +"默认值为 ``None`` 表示没有编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Optional *output_charset* is the character set that the output should be in." +" Conversions will proceed from input charset, to Unicode, to the output " +"charset when the method :meth:`Charset.convert` is called. The default is " +"to output in the same character set as the input." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *output_charset* 是输出所应当采用的字符集。 当 :meth:`Charset.convert` " +"方法被调用时将会执行从输入字符集到输出字符集的转换。 默认情况下输出字符集将与输入字符集相同。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Both *input_charset* and *output_charset* must have Unicode codec entries in" +" the module's character set-to-codec mapping; use :func:`add_codec` to add " +"codecs the module does not know about. See the :mod:`codecs` module's " +"documentation for more information." +msgstr "" +"*input_charset* 和 *output_charset* 都必须在模块的字符集-编解码器映射中具有 Unicode 编解码器条目；使用 " +":func:`add_codec` 可添加本模块还不知道的编解码器。 请参阅 :mod:`codecs` 模块的文档来了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The global character set registry is kept in the module global dictionary " +"``CHARSETS``." +msgstr "全局字符集注册表保存在模块全局字典 ``CHARSETS`` 中。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Add a character set alias. *alias* is the alias name, e.g. ``latin-1``. " +"*canonical* is the character set's canonical name, e.g. ``iso-8859-1``." +msgstr "" +"添加一个字符集别名。 *alias* 为特定的别名，例如 ``latin-1``。 *canonical* 是字符集的正规名称，例如 " +"``iso-8859-1``。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The global charset alias registry is kept in the module global dictionary " +"``ALIASES``." +msgstr "全局字符集注册表保存在模块全局字典 ``ALIASES`` 中。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Add a codec that map characters in the given character set to and from " +"Unicode." +msgstr "添加在给定字符集的字符和 Unicode 之间建立映射的编解码器。" + +#: ../../library/email.charset.rst:211 +msgid "" +"*charset* is the canonical name of a character set. *codecname* is the name " +"of a Python codec, as appropriate for the second argument to the " +":class:`str`'s :meth:`~str.encode` method." +msgstr "" +"*charset* 是某个字符集的正规名称。 *codecname* 是某个 Python 编解码器的名称，可以被用来作为 :class:`str` 的" +" :meth:`~str.encode` 方法的第二个参数。" diff --git a/library/email.compat32-message.po b/library/email.compat32-message.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3dc22260b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.compat32-message.po @@ -0,0 +1,1196 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kevin Deng , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:4 +msgid "" +":mod:`email.message.Message`: Representing an email message using the " +":data:`~email.policy.compat32` API" +msgstr "" +":mod:`email.message.Message`: 使用 :data:`~email.policy.compat32` API " +"来表示电子邮件消息" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Message` class is very similar to the " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` class, without the methods added by " +"that class, and with the default behavior of certain other methods being " +"slightly different. We also document here some methods that, while " +"supported by the :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` class, are not " +"recommended unless you are dealing with legacy code." +msgstr "" +":class:`Message` 类与 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` " +"类非常相似，但没有该类所添加的方法，并且某些方法的默认行为也略有不同。 我们还在这里记录了一些虽然被 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 类所支持但并不推荐的方法，除非你是在处理旧有代码。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:20 +msgid "The philosophy and structure of the two classes is otherwise the same." +msgstr "在其他情况下这两个类的理念和结构都是相同的。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:22 +msgid "" +"This document describes the behavior under the default (for " +":class:`Message`) policy :attr:`~email.policy.Compat32`. If you are going " +"to use another policy, you should be using the " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` class instead." +msgstr "" +"本文档描述了默认 (对于 :class:`Message`) 策略 :attr:`~email.policy.Compat32` 之下的行为。 " +"如果你要使用其他策略，你应当改用 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 类。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:26 +msgid "" +"An email message consists of *headers* and a *payload*. Headers must be " +":rfc:`5322` style names and values, where the field name and value are " +"separated by a colon. The colon is not part of either the field name or the" +" field value. The payload may be a simple text message, or a binary object," +" or a structured sequence of sub-messages each with their own set of headers" +" and their own payload. The latter type of payload is indicated by the " +"message having a MIME type such as :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` or " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822`." +msgstr "" +"电子邮件消息由多个 *标头* 和一个 *载荷* 组成。 标头必须为 :rfc:`5322` 风格的名称和值，其中字典名和值由冒号分隔。 " +"冒号不是字段名或字段值的组成部分。 载荷可以是简单的文本消息，或是二进制对象，或是多个子消息的结构化序列，每个子消息都有自己的标头集合和自己的载荷。 " +"后一种类型的载荷是由具有 :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` 或 :mimetype:`message/rfc822` 等 MIME " +"类型的消息来指明的。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:35 +msgid "" +"The conceptual model provided by a :class:`Message` object is that of an " +"ordered dictionary of headers with additional methods for accessing both " +"specialized information from the headers, for accessing the payload, for " +"generating a serialized version of the message, and for recursively walking " +"over the object tree. Note that duplicate headers are supported but special" +" methods must be used to access them." +msgstr "" +":class:`Message` " +"对象所提供了概念化模型是由标头组成的有序字典，加上用于访问标头中的特殊信息以及访问载荷的额外方法，以便能生成消息的序列化版本，并递归地遍历对象树。 " +"请注意重复的标头是受支持的，但必须使用特殊的方法来访问它们。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:42 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Message` pseudo-dictionary is indexed by the header names, which" +" must be ASCII values. The values of the dictionary are strings that are " +"supposed to contain only ASCII characters; there is some special handling " +"for non-ASCII input, but it doesn't always produce the correct results. " +"Headers are stored and returned in case-preserving form, but field names are" +" matched case-insensitively. There may also be a single envelope header, " +"also known as the *Unix-From* header or the ``From_`` header. The *payload*" +" is either a string or bytes, in the case of simple message objects, or a " +"list of :class:`Message` objects, for MIME container documents (e.g. " +":mimetype:`multipart/\\*` and :mimetype:`message/rfc822`)." +msgstr "" +":class:`Message` 伪字典以标头名作为索引，标头名必须为 ASCII 值。 字典的值为应当只包含 ASCII 字符的字符串；对于非 " +"ASCII 输入有一些特殊处理，但这并不总能产生正确的结果。 标头以保留原大小写的形式存储和返回，但字段名称匹配对大小写不敏感。 " +"还可能会有一个单独的封包标头，也称 *Unix-From* 标头或 ``From_`` 标头。 *载荷* " +"对于简单消息对象的情况是一个字符串或字节串，对于 MIME 容器文档的情况 (例如 :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` 和 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822`) 则是一个 :class:`Message` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:53 +msgid "Here are the methods of the :class:`Message` class:" +msgstr "以下是 :class:`Message` 类的方法:" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:58 +msgid "" +"If *policy* is specified (it must be an instance of a :mod:`~email.policy` " +"class) use the rules it specifies to update and serialize the representation" +" of the message. If *policy* is not set, use the :class:`compat32 " +"` policy, which maintains backward compatibility with" +" the Python 3.2 version of the email package. For more information see the " +":mod:`~email.policy` documentation." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *policy* (它必须为 :mod:`~email.policy` 类的实例) 则使用它所设置的规则来更新和序列化消息的表示形式。 " +"如果未设置 *policy*，则使用 :class:`compat32 ` 策略，该策略会保持对 " +"Python 3.2 版 email 包的向下兼容性。 更多信息请参阅 :mod:`~email.policy` 文档。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:65 +msgid "The *policy* keyword argument was added." +msgstr "增加了 *policy* 关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Return the entire message flattened as a string. When optional *unixfrom* " +"is true, the envelope header is included in the returned string. *unixfrom* " +"defaults to ``False``. For backward compatibility reasons, *maxheaderlen* " +"defaults to ``0``, so if you want a different value you must override it " +"explicitly (the value specified for *max_line_length* in the policy will be " +"ignored by this method). The *policy* argument may be used to override the " +"default policy obtained from the message instance. This can be used to " +"control some of the formatting produced by the method, since the specified " +"*policy* will be passed to the ``Generator``." +msgstr "" +"以展平的字符串形式返回整个消息对象。 或可选的 *unixfrom* 为真值，返回的字符串会包括封包标头。 *unixfrom* 的默认值是 " +"``False``。 出于保持向下兼容性的原因，*maxheaderlen* 的默认值是 " +"``0``，因此如果你想要不同的值你必须显式地重写它（在策略中为 *max_line_length* 指定的值将被此方法忽略）。 *policy* " +"参数可被用于覆盖从消息实例获取的默认策略。 这可以用来对该方法所输出的格式进行一些控制，因为指定的 *policy* 将被传递给 " +"``Generator``。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:80 +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Flattening the message may trigger changes to the :class:`Message` if " +"defaults need to be filled in to complete the transformation to a string " +"(for example, MIME boundaries may be generated or modified)." +msgstr "" +"如果需要填充默认值以完成对字符串的转换则展平消息可能触发对 :class:`Message` 的修改（例如，MIME 边界可能会被生成或被修改）。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Note that this method is provided as a convenience and may not always format" +" the message the way you want. For example, by default it does not do the " +"mangling of lines that begin with ``From`` that is required by the Unix mbox" +" format. For more flexibility, instantiate a " +":class:`~email.generator.Generator` instance and use its " +":meth:`~email.generator.Generator.flatten` method directly. For example::" +msgstr "" +"请注意此方法是出于便捷原因提供的，并可能无法总是以你想要的方式来格式化消息。 例如，在默认情况下它不会按 Unix mbox 格式的要求对以 " +"``From`` 打头的行执行调整。 为了获得更高灵活性，请实例化一个 :class:`~email.generator.Generator` " +"实例并直接使用其 :meth:`~email.generator.Generator.flatten` 方法。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:91 +msgid "" +"from io import StringIO\n" +"from email.generator import Generator\n" +"fp = StringIO()\n" +"g = Generator(fp, mangle_from_=True, maxheaderlen=60)\n" +"g.flatten(msg)\n" +"text = fp.getvalue()" +msgstr "" +"from io import StringIO\n" +"from email.generator import Generator\n" +"fp = StringIO()\n" +"g = Generator(fp, mangle_from_=True, maxheaderlen=60)\n" +"g.flatten(msg)\n" +"text = fp.getvalue()" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:98 +msgid "" +"If the message object contains binary data that is not encoded according to " +"RFC standards, the non-compliant data will be replaced by unicode \"unknown " +"character\" code points. (See also :meth:`.as_bytes` and " +":class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果消息对象包含未按照 RFC 标准进行编码的二进制数据，则这些不合规数据将被 unicode \"unknown character\" " +"码位值所替代。 （另请参阅 :meth:`.as_bytes` 和 :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator`。）" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:103 +msgid "the *policy* keyword argument was added." +msgstr "增加了 *policy* 关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to :meth:`.as_string`. Allows ``str(msg)`` to produce a string " +"containing the formatted message." +msgstr "等价于 :meth:`.as_string`。 让 ``str(msg)`` 产生一个包含已格式化消息的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Return the entire message flattened as a bytes object. When optional " +"*unixfrom* is true, the envelope header is included in the returned string." +" *unixfrom* defaults to ``False``. The *policy* argument may be used to " +"override the default policy obtained from the message instance. This can be " +"used to control some of the formatting produced by the method, since the " +"specified *policy* will be passed to the ``BytesGenerator``." +msgstr "" +"以字节串对象的形式返回整个扁平化后的消息。 当可选的 *unixfrom* 为真值时，返回的字符串会包括封包标头。 *unixfrom* 的默认值为 " +"``False``。 *policy* 参数可被用于覆盖从消息实例获取的默认策略。 这可被用来控制该方法所产生的部分格式化效果，因为指定的 " +"*policy* 将被传递给 ``BytesGenerator``。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Note that this method is provided as a convenience and may not always format" +" the message the way you want. For example, by default it does not do the " +"mangling of lines that begin with ``From`` that is required by the Unix mbox" +" format. For more flexibility, instantiate a " +":class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` instance and use its " +":meth:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator.flatten` method directly. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"请注意此方法是出于便捷原因提供的，并可能无法总是以你想要的方式来格式化消息。 例如，在默认情况下它不会按 Unix mbox 格式的要求对以 " +"``From`` 打头的行执行调整。 为了获得更高灵活性，请实例化一个 :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator`" +" 实例并直接使用其 :meth:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator.flatten` 方法。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:134 +msgid "" +"from io import BytesIO\n" +"from email.generator import BytesGenerator\n" +"fp = BytesIO()\n" +"g = BytesGenerator(fp, mangle_from_=True, maxheaderlen=60)\n" +"g.flatten(msg)\n" +"text = fp.getvalue()" +msgstr "" +"from io import BytesIO\n" +"from email.generator import BytesGenerator\n" +"fp = BytesIO()\n" +"g = BytesGenerator(fp, mangle_from_=True, maxheaderlen=60)\n" +"g.flatten(msg)\n" +"text = fp.getvalue()" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to :meth:`.as_bytes`. Allows ``bytes(msg)`` to produce a bytes " +"object containing the formatted message." +msgstr "等价于 :meth:`.as_bytes`。 让 ``bytes(msg)`` 产生一个包含已格式化消息的字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the message's payload is a list of sub-\\ " +":class:`Message` objects, otherwise return ``False``. When " +":meth:`is_multipart` returns ``False``, the payload should be a string " +"object (which might be a CTE encoded binary payload). (Note that " +":meth:`is_multipart` returning ``True`` does not necessarily mean that " +"\"msg.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart'\" will return the ``True``. For " +"example, ``is_multipart`` will return ``True`` when the :class:`Message` is " +"of type ``message/rfc822``.)" +msgstr "" +"如果该消息的载荷是一个子 :class:`Message` 对象列表则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 当 " +":meth:`is_multipart` 返回 ``False`` 时，载荷应当是一个字符串对象（有可能是一个 CTE 编码的二进制载荷）。 （请注意 " +":meth:`is_multipart` 返回 ``True`` 并不意味着 \"msg.get_content_maintype() == " +"'multipart'\" 将返回 ``True``。 例如，``is_multipart`` 在 :class:`Message` 类型为 " +"``message/rfc822`` 时也将返回 ``True``。）" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Set the message's envelope header to *unixfrom*, which should be a string." +msgstr "将消息的封包标头设为 *unixfrom*，这应当是一个字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Return the message's envelope header. Defaults to ``None`` if the envelope " +"header was never set." +msgstr "返回消息的信封头。如果信封头从未被设置过，默认返回 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Add the given *payload* to the current payload, which must be ``None`` or a " +"list of :class:`Message` objects before the call. After the call, the " +"payload will always be a list of :class:`Message` objects. If you want to " +"set the payload to a scalar object (e.g. a string), use :meth:`set_payload` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"将给定的 *payload* 添加到当前载荷中，当前载荷在该调用之前必须为 ``None`` 或是一个 :class:`Message` 对象列表。 " +"在调用之后，此载荷将总是一个 :class:`Message` 对象列表。 如果你想将此载荷设为一个标量对象（如字符串），请改用 " +":meth:`set_payload`。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:183 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy method. On the :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"class its functionality is replaced by " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` and the related ``make`` and" +" ``add`` methods." +msgstr "" +"这是一个过时的方法。 在 :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` 类上它的功能已被 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` 及相应的 ``make`` 和 ``add`` " +"方法所替代。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Return the current payload, which will be a list of :class:`Message` objects" +" when :meth:`is_multipart` is ``True``, or a string when " +":meth:`is_multipart` is ``False``. If the payload is a list and you mutate " +"the list object, you modify the message's payload in place." +msgstr "" +"返回当前的载荷，它在 :meth:`is_multipart` 为 ``True`` 时将是一个 :class:`Message` 对象列表，在 " +":meth:`is_multipart` 为 ``False`` 时则是一个字符串。 " +"如果该载荷是一个列表且你修改了这个列表对象，那么你就是原地修改了消息的载荷。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:196 +msgid "" +"With optional argument *i*, :meth:`get_payload` will return the *i*-th " +"element of the payload, counting from zero, if :meth:`is_multipart` is " +"``True``. An :exc:`IndexError` will be raised if *i* is less than 0 or " +"greater than or equal to the number of items in the payload. If the payload" +" is a string (i.e. :meth:`is_multipart` is ``False``) and *i* is given, a " +":exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"传入可选参数 *i* 时，如果 :meth:`is_multipart` 为 ``True``，:meth:`get_payload` " +"将返回载荷从零开始计数的第 *i* 个元素。 如果 *i* 小于 0 或大于等于载荷中的条目数则将引发 :exc:`IndexError`。 " +"如果载荷是一个字符串 (即 :meth:`is_multipart` 为 ``False``) 且给出了 *i*，则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Optional *decode* is a flag indicating whether the payload should be decoded" +" or not, according to the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header. " +"When ``True`` and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be " +"decoded if this header's value is ``quoted-printable`` or ``base64``. If " +"some other encoding is used, or :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` " +"header is missing, the payload is returned as-is (undecoded). In all cases " +"the returned value is binary data. If the message is a multipart and the " +"*decode* flag is ``True``, then ``None`` is returned. If the payload is " +"base64 and it was not perfectly formed (missing padding, characters outside " +"the base64 alphabet), then an appropriate defect will be added to the " +"message's defect property (:class:`~email.errors.InvalidBase64PaddingDefect`" +" or :class:`~email.errors.InvalidBase64CharactersDefect`, respectively)." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *decode* 是一个指明载荷是否应根据 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头被解码的旗标。 " +"当其值为 ``True`` 且消息没有多个部分时，如果此标头值为 ``quoted-printable`` 或 ``base64`` 则载荷将被解码。 " +"如果使用了其他编码格式，或者找不到 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头时，载荷将被原样返回（不编码）。" +" 在所有情况下返回值都是二进制数据。 如果消息有多个部分且 *decode* 旗标为 ``True``，则将返回 ``None``。 如果载荷为 " +"base64 但内容不完全正确（如缺少填充符、存在 base64 字母表以外的字符等），则将在消息的缺陷属性中添加适当的缺陷值 (分别为 " +":class:`~email.errors.InvalidBase64PaddingDefect` 或 " +":class:`~email.errors.InvalidBase64CharactersDefect`)。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:217 +msgid "" +"When *decode* is ``False`` (the default) the body is returned as a string " +"without decoding the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`. However, for " +"a :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` of 8bit, an attempt is made to " +"decode the original bytes using the ``charset`` specified by the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header, using the ``replace`` error handler. If " +"no ``charset`` is specified, or if the ``charset`` given is not recognized " +"by the email package, the body is decoded using the default ASCII charset." +msgstr "" +"当 *decode* 为 ``False`` (默认值) 时消息体会作为字符串返回而不解码 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-" +"Encoding`。 但是，对于 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 为 8bit 的情况，会尝试使用 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头指定的 ``charset`` 来解码原始字节串，并使用 ``replace`` " +"错误处理程序。 如果未指定 ``charset``，或者如果指定的 ``charset`` 未被 email 包所识别，则会使用默认的 ASCII " +"字符集来解码消息体。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:226 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy method. On the :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"class its functionality is replaced by " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.get_content` and " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个过时的方法。 在 :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` 类上它的功能已被 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.get_content` 和 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts` 方法所替代。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Set the entire message object's payload to *payload*. It is the client's " +"responsibility to ensure the payload invariants. Optional *charset* sets " +"the message's default character set; see :meth:`set_charset` for details." +msgstr "" +"将整个消息对象的载荷设为 *payload*。 客户端要负责确保载荷的不变性。 可选的 *charset* 用于设置消息的默认字符集；详情请参阅 " +":meth:`set_charset`。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:238 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy method. On the :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"class its functionality is replaced by " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个过时的方法。 在 :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` 类上它的功能已被 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` 方法所替代。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Set the character set of the payload to *charset*, which can either be a " +":class:`~email.charset.Charset` instance (see :mod:`email.charset`), a " +"string naming a character set, or ``None``. If it is a string, it will be " +"converted to a :class:`~email.charset.Charset` instance. If *charset* is " +"``None``, the ``charset`` parameter will be removed from the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header (the message will not be otherwise " +"modified). Anything else will generate a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"将载荷的字符集设为 *charset*，它可以是 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` 实例 (参见 " +":mod:`email.charset`)、字符集名称字符串或 ``None``。 如果是字符串，它将被转换为一个 " +":class:`~email.charset.Charset` 实例。 如果 *charset* 是 ``None``，``charset`` 形参将从" +" :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中被删除（消息将不会进行其他修改）。 任何其他值都将导致 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:253 +msgid "" +"If there is no existing :mailheader:`MIME-Version` header one will be added." +" If there is no existing :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, one will be " +"added with a value of :mimetype:`text/plain`. Whether the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header already exists or not, its ``charset`` " +"parameter will be set to *charset.output_charset*. If " +"*charset.input_charset* and *charset.output_charset* differ, the payload " +"will be re-encoded to the *output_charset*. If there is no existing " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header, then the payload will be " +"transfer-encoded, if needed, using the specified " +":class:`~email.charset.Charset`, and a header with the appropriate value " +"will be added. If a :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header already " +"exists, the payload is assumed to already be correctly encoded using that " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` and is not modified." +msgstr "" +"如果 :mailheader:`MIME-Version` 标头不存在则将被添加。 如果 :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"标头不存在，则将添加一个值为 :mimetype:`text/plain` 的该标头。 无论 :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"标头是否已存在，其 ``charset`` 形参都将被设为 *charset.output_charset*。 如果 " +"*charset.input_charset* 和 *charset.output_charset* 不同，则载荷将被重编码为 " +"*output_charset*。 如果 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` " +"标头不存在，则载荷将在必要时使用指定的 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` 来转换编码，并将添加一个具有相应值的标头。 如果" +" :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头已存在，则会假定载荷已使用该 " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 进行正确编码并不会再被修改。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:267 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy method. On the :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"class its functionality is replaced by the *charset* parameter of the " +":meth:`email.emailmessage.EmailMessage.set_content` method." +msgstr "" +"这是一个过时的方法。 在 :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` 类上它的功能已被 " +":meth:`email.emailmessage.EmailMessage.set_content` 方法的 *charset* 形参所替代。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Return the :class:`~email.charset.Charset` instance associated with the " +"message's payload." +msgstr "返回与消息的载荷相关联的 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:278 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy method. On the :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"class it always returns ``None``." +msgstr "" +"这是一个过时的方法。 在 :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` 类上它将总是返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:283 +msgid "" +"The following methods implement a mapping-like interface for accessing the " +"message's :rfc:`2822` headers. Note that there are some semantic " +"differences between these methods and a normal mapping (i.e. dictionary) " +"interface. For example, in a dictionary there are no duplicate keys, but " +"here there may be duplicate message headers. Also, in dictionaries there is" +" no guaranteed order to the keys returned by :meth:`keys`, but in a " +":class:`Message` object, headers are always returned in the order they " +"appeared in the original message, or were added to the message later. Any " +"header deleted and then re-added are always appended to the end of the " +"header list." +msgstr "" +"以下方法实现了用于访问消息的 :rfc:`2822` 标头的类映射接口。 请注意这些方法和普通映射（例如字典）接口之间存在一些语义上的不同。 " +"举例来说，在一个字典中不能有重复的键，但消息标头则可能有重复。 并且，在字典中由 :meth:`keys` 返回的键的顺序是没有保证的，但在 " +":class:`Message` 对象中，标头总是会按它们在原始消息中的出现或后继加入顺序返回。 任何已删除再重新加入的标头总是会添加到标头列表的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:293 +msgid "" +"These semantic differences are intentional and are biased toward maximal " +"convenience." +msgstr "这些语义上的差异是有意为之且其目的是为了提供最大的便利性。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:296 +msgid "" +"Note that in all cases, any envelope header present in the message is not " +"included in the mapping interface." +msgstr "请注意在任何情况下，消息当中的任何封包标头都不会包含在映射接口当中。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:299 +msgid "" +"In a model generated from bytes, any header values that (in contravention of" +" the RFCs) contain non-ASCII bytes will, when retrieved through this " +"interface, be represented as :class:`~email.header.Header` objects with a " +"charset of ``unknown-8bit``." +msgstr "" +"在由字符串生成的模型中，任何包含非 ASCII 字节数据（违反 RFC）的标头值在通过此接口来获取时，将被表示为使用 ``unknown-8bit`` " +"字符集的 :class:`~email.header.Header` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:307 +msgid "Return the total number of headers, including duplicates." +msgstr "返回标头的总数，包括重复项。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the message object has a field named *name*. Matching is " +"done case-insensitively and *name* should not include the trailing colon. " +"Used for the ``in`` operator, e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"如果消息对象中有一个名为 *name* 的字段则返回 ``True``。 匹配操作对大小写不敏感并且 *name* 不应包括末尾的冒号。 用于 " +"``in`` 运算符，例如::" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:316 +msgid "" +"if 'message-id' in myMessage:\n" +" print('Message-ID:', myMessage['message-id'])" +msgstr "" +"if 'message-id' in myMessage:\n" +" print('Message-ID:', myMessage['message-id'])" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:322 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the named header field. *name* should not include the " +"colon field separator. If the header is missing, ``None`` is returned; a " +":exc:`KeyError` is never raised." +msgstr "" +"返回指定名称标头字段的值。 *name* 不应包括作为字段分隔符的冒号。 如果标头未找到，则返回 ``None``；:exc:`KeyError` " +"永远不会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Note that if the named field appears more than once in the message's " +"headers, exactly which of those field values will be returned is undefined." +" Use the :meth:`get_all` method to get the values of all the extant named " +"headers." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果指定名称的字段在消息标头中多次出现，具体将返回哪个字段值是未定义的。 请使用 :meth:`get_all` 方法来获取所有指定名称标头的值。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Add a header to the message with field name *name* and value *val*. The " +"field is appended to the end of the message's existing fields." +msgstr "将具有字段名 *name* 和值 *val* 的标头添加到消息中。 字段会被添加到消息的现有字段的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:337 +msgid "" +"Note that this does *not* overwrite or delete any existing header with the " +"same name. If you want to ensure that the new header is the only one " +"present in the message with field name *name*, delete the field first, " +"e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"请注意，这个方法 *既不会* 覆盖 *也不会* 删除任何字段名重名的已有字段。如果你确实想保证新字段是整个信息头当中唯一拥有 *name* " +"字段名的字段，你需要先把旧字段删除。例如：" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:341 +msgid "" +"del msg['subject']\n" +"msg['subject'] = 'Python roolz!'" +msgstr "" +"del msg['subject']\n" +"msg['subject'] = 'Python roolz!'" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Delete all occurrences of the field with name *name* from the message's " +"headers. No exception is raised if the named field isn't present in the " +"headers." +msgstr "删除信息头当中字段名匹配 *name* 的所有字段。如果匹配指定名称的字段没有找到，也不会抛出任何异常。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:354 +msgid "Return a list of all the message's header field names." +msgstr "以列表形式返回消息头中所有的字段名。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:359 +msgid "Return a list of all the message's field values." +msgstr "以列表形式返回消息头中所有的字段值。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Return a list of 2-tuples containing all the message's field headers and " +"values." +msgstr "以二元元组的列表形式返回消息头中所有的字段名和字段值。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the named header field. This is identical to " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` except that optional *failobj* is returned if " +"the named header is missing (defaults to ``None``)." +msgstr "" +"返回对应标头字段名的值。 这个方法与 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 是一样的，只是如果对应标头不存在则返回可选的 " +"*failobj* (默认为 ``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:374 +msgid "Here are some additional useful methods:" +msgstr "以下是一些有用的附加方法:" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Return a list of all the values for the field named *name*. If there are no " +"such named headers in the message, *failobj* is returned (defaults to " +"``None``)." +msgstr "返回字段名为 *name* 的所有字段值的列表。如果信息内不存在匹配的字段，返回 *failobj* （其默认值为 ``None`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Extended header setting. This method is similar to :meth:`__setitem__` " +"except that additional header parameters can be provided as keyword " +"arguments. *_name* is the header field to add and *_value* is the *primary*" +" value for the header." +msgstr "" +"高级头字段设定。这个方法与 :meth:`__setitem__` 类似，不过你可以使用关键字参数为字段提供附加参数。 *_name* 是字段名， " +"*_value* 是字段 *主* 值。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:391 +msgid "" +"For each item in the keyword argument dictionary *_params*, the key is taken" +" as the parameter name, with underscores converted to dashes (since dashes " +"are illegal in Python identifiers). Normally, the parameter will be added " +"as ``key=\"value\"`` unless the value is ``None``, in which case only the " +"key will be added. If the value contains non-ASCII characters, it can be " +"specified as a three tuple in the format ``(CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE)``, " +"where ``CHARSET`` is a string naming the charset to be used to encode the " +"value, ``LANGUAGE`` can usually be set to ``None`` or the empty string (see " +":rfc:`2231` for other possibilities), and ``VALUE`` is the string value " +"containing non-ASCII code points. If a three tuple is not passed and the " +"value contains non-ASCII characters, it is automatically encoded in " +":rfc:`2231` format using a ``CHARSET`` of ``utf-8`` and a ``LANGUAGE`` of " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"对于关键字参数字典 *_params* 中的每一项，其键会被当作形参名，并执行下划线和连字符间的转换（因为连字符不是合法的 Python 标识符）。 " +"通常，形参将以 ``key=\"value\"`` 的形式添加，除非值为 ``None``，在这种情况下将只添加键。 如果值包含非 ASCII " +"字符，可将其指定为格式为 ``(CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE)`` 的三元组，其中 ``CHARSET`` " +"为要用来编码值的字符集名称字符串，``LANGUAGE`` 通常可设为 ``None`` 或空字符串（请参阅 :rfc:`2231` " +"了解其他可能的取值），而 ``VALUE`` 为包含非 ASCII 码位的字符串值。 如果不是传入一个三元组且值包含非 ASCII 字符，则会自动以 " +":rfc:`2231` 格式使用 ``CHARSET`` 为 ``utf-8`` 和 ``LANGUAGE`` 为 ``None`` 对其进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:405 +msgid "Here's an example::" +msgstr "以下是为示例代码::" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:407 +msgid "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')" +msgstr "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:409 +msgid "This will add a header that looks like ::" +msgstr "会添加一个形如下文的头字段：" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:411 +msgid "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"bud.gif\"" +msgstr "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"bud.gif\"" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:413 +msgid "An example with non-ASCII characters::" +msgstr "使用非 ASCII 字符的示例代码::" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:415 +msgid "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',\n" +" filename=('iso-8859-1', '', 'Fußballer.ppt'))" +msgstr "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',\n" +" filename=('iso-8859-1', '', 'Fußballer.ppt'))" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:418 +msgid "Which produces ::" +msgstr "它的输出结果为 ::" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:420 +msgid "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=\"iso-8859-1''Fu%DFballer.ppt\"" +msgstr "" +"Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=\"iso-8859-1''Fu%DFballer.ppt\"" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:425 +msgid "" +"Replace a header. Replace the first header found in the message that " +"matches *_name*, retaining header order and field name case. If no matching" +" header was found, a :exc:`KeyError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"替换一个标头。 将替换在匹配 *_name* 的消息中找到的第一个标头，标头顺序和字段名大小写保持不变。 如果未找到匹配的标头，则会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Return the message's content type. The returned string is coerced to lower " +"case of the form :mimetype:`maintype/subtype`. If there was no " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header in the message the default type as given " +"by :meth:`get_default_type` will be returned. Since according to " +":rfc:`2045`, messages always have a default type, :meth:`get_content_type` " +"will always return a value." +msgstr "" +"返回消息的内容类型。 返回的字符串会强制转换为 :mimetype:`maintype/subtype` 的全小写形式。 如果消息中没有 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头则将返回由 :meth:`get_default_type` 给出的默认类型。 因为根据 " +":rfc:`2045`，消息总是要有一个默认类型，所以 :meth:`get_content_type` 将总是返回一个值。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:439 +msgid "" +":rfc:`2045` defines a message's default type to be :mimetype:`text/plain` " +"unless it appears inside a :mimetype:`multipart/digest` container, in which " +"case it would be :mimetype:`message/rfc822`. If the :mailheader:`Content-" +"Type` header has an invalid type specification, :rfc:`2045` mandates that " +"the default type be :mimetype:`text/plain`." +msgstr "" +":rfc:`2045` 将消息的默认类型定义为 :mimetype:`text/plain`，除非它是出现在 " +":mimetype:`multipart/digest` 容器内，在这种情况下其类型应为 :mimetype:`message/rfc822`。 如果 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头指定了无效的类型，:rfc:`2045` 规定其默认类型应为 " +":mimetype:`text/plain`。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:448 +msgid "" +"Return the message's main content type. This is the :mimetype:`maintype` " +"part of the string returned by :meth:`get_content_type`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息的主要内容类型。准确来说，此方法返回的是 :meth:`get_content_type` 方法所返回的形如 " +":mimetype:`maintype/subtype` 的字符串当中的 :mimetype:`maintype` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:454 +msgid "" +"Return the message's sub-content type. This is the :mimetype:`subtype` part" +" of the string returned by :meth:`get_content_type`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息的子内容类型。准确来说，此方法返回的是 :meth:`get_content_type` 方法所返回的形如 " +":mimetype:`maintype/subtype` 的字符串当中的 :mimetype:`subtype` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Return the default content type. Most messages have a default content type " +"of :mimetype:`text/plain`, except for messages that are subparts of " +":mimetype:`multipart/digest` containers. Such subparts have a default " +"content type of :mimetype:`message/rfc822`." +msgstr "" +"返回默认的内容类型。绝大多数的信息，其默认内容类型都是 :mimetype:`text/plain` 。作为 " +":mimetype:`multipart/digest` 容器内子部分的信息除外，它们的默认内容类型是 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:468 +msgid "" +"Set the default content type. *ctype* should either be " +":mimetype:`text/plain` or :mimetype:`message/rfc822`, although this is not " +"enforced. The default content type is not stored in the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header." +msgstr "" +"设置默认的内容类型。 *ctype* 应当为 :mimetype:`text/plain` 或者 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822`，尽管这并非强制。 默认的内容类型不会存储在 :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"标头中。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:476 +msgid "" +"Return the message's :mailheader:`Content-Type` parameters, as a list. The " +"elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as split on " +"the ``'='`` sign. The left hand side of the ``'='`` is the key, while the " +"right hand side is the value. If there is no ``'='`` sign in the parameter " +"the value is the empty string, otherwise the value is as described in " +":meth:`get_param` and is unquoted if optional *unquote* is ``True`` (the " +"default)." +msgstr "" +"将消息的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 形参作为列表返回。 所返回列表的元素为以 ``'='`` 号拆分出的键/值对 2 元组。" +" ``'='`` 左侧的为键，右侧的为值。 如果形参值中没有 ``'='`` 号，否则该将值如 :meth:`get_param` 描述并且在可选 " +"*unquote* 为 ``True`` (默认值) 时会被取消转义。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:484 +msgid "" +"Optional *failobj* is the object to return if there is no " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header. Optional *header* is the header to " +"search instead of :mailheader:`Content-Type`." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *failobj* 是在没有 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头时要返回的对象。 可选的 *header* 是要替代 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 被搜索的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:488 +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:526 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy method. On the :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"class its functionality is replaced by the *params* property of the " +"individual header objects returned by the header access methods." +msgstr "" +"这是一个过时的方法。 在 :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"类上它的功能已被标头访问方法所返回的单独标头对象的 *params* 特征属性所替代。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header's parameter " +"*param* as a string. If the message has no :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"header or if there is no such parameter, then *failobj* is returned " +"(defaults to ``None``)." +msgstr "" +"将 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头的形参 *param* 作为字符串返回。 如果消息没有 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头或者没有这样的形参，则返回 *failobj* (默认为 ``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:501 +msgid "" +"Optional *header* if given, specifies the message header to use instead of " +":mailheader:`Content-Type`." +msgstr "如果给出可选的 *header*，它会指定要替代 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 来使用的消息标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:504 +msgid "" +"Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively. The return value can" +" either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was :rfc:`2231` encoded." +" When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of the form ``(CHARSET," +" LANGUAGE, VALUE)``. Note that both ``CHARSET`` and ``LANGUAGE`` can be " +"``None``, in which case you should consider ``VALUE`` to be encoded in the " +"``us-ascii`` charset. You can usually ignore ``LANGUAGE``." +msgstr "" +"形参的键总是以大小写不敏感的方式来比较的。 返回值可以是一个字符串，或者如果形参以 :rfc:`2231` 编码则是一个 3 元组。 当为 3 " +"元组时，值中的元素采用 ``(CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE)`` 的形式。 请注意 ``CHARSET`` 和 " +"``LANGUAGE`` 都可以为 ``None``，在此情况下你应当将 ``VALUE`` 当作以 ``us-ascii`` 字符集来编码。 " +"你可以总是忽略 ``LANGUAGE``。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:512 +msgid "" +"If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was encoded as in " +":rfc:`2231`, you can collapse the parameter value by calling " +":func:`email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value`, passing in the return value from" +" :meth:`get_param`. This will return a suitably decoded Unicode string when" +" the value is a tuple, or the original string unquoted if it isn't. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"如果你的应用不关心形参是否以 :rfc:`2231` 来编码，你可以通过调用 " +":func:`email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value` 来展平形参值，传入来自 :meth:`get_param` " +"的返回值。 当值为元组时这将返回一个经适当编码的 Unicode 字符串，否则返回未经转换的原字符串。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:519 +msgid "" +"rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')\n" +"param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)" +msgstr "" +"rawparam = msg.get_param('foo')\n" +"param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:522 +msgid "" +"In any case, the parameter value (either the returned string, or the " +"``VALUE`` item in the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless *unquote* is set " +"to ``False``." +msgstr "" +"无论在哪种情况下，形参值（或为返回的字符串，或为 3 元组形式的 ``VALUE`` 条目）总是未经转换的，除非 *unquote* 被设为 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:535 +msgid "" +"Set a parameter in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header. If the parameter " +"already exists in the header, its value will be replaced with *value*. If " +"the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header as not yet been defined for this " +"message, it will be set to :mimetype:`text/plain` and the new parameter " +"value will be appended as per :rfc:`2045`." +msgstr "" +"在 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中设置一个形参。 如果该形参已存在于标头中，它的值将被替换为 *value*。 " +"如果此消息还未定义 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头，它将被设为 :mimetype:`text/plain` " +"且新的形参值将按 :rfc:`2045` 的要求添加。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:541 +msgid "" +"Optional *header* specifies an alternative header to :mailheader:`Content-" +"Type`, and all parameters will be quoted as necessary unless optional " +"*requote* is ``False`` (the default is ``True``)." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *header* 指定一个 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 的替代标头，并且所有形参将根据需要被转换，除非可选的 " +"*requote* 为 ``False`` (默认为 ``True``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:545 +msgid "" +"If optional *charset* is specified, the parameter will be encoded according " +"to :rfc:`2231`. Optional *language* specifies the RFC 2231 language, " +"defaulting to the empty string. Both *charset* and *language* should be " +"strings." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了可选的 *charset*，形参将按照 :rfc:`2231` 来编码。 可选的 *language* 指定了 RFC 2231 " +"的语言，默认为空字符串。 *charset* 和 *language* 都应为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:550 +msgid "" +"If *replace* is ``False`` (the default) the header is moved to the end of " +"the list of headers. If *replace* is ``True``, the header will be updated " +"in place." +msgstr "" +"如果 *replace* 为 ``False`` （默认值），该头字段会被移动到所有头字段列表的末尾。如果 *replace* 为 ``True`` " +"，字段会被原地更新。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:554 +msgid "``replace`` keyword was added." +msgstr "添加了 ``replace`` 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:559 +msgid "" +"Remove the given parameter completely from the :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"header. The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its" +" value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless *requote* is " +"``False`` (the default is ``True``). Optional *header* specifies an " +"alternative to :mailheader:`Content-Type`." +msgstr "" +"从 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中完全移除给定的形参。 标头将被原地重写并不带该形参或它的值。 " +"所有的值将根据需要被转换，除非 *requote* 为 ``False`` (默认为 ``True``)。 可选的 *header* 指定 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 的一个替代项。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:568 +msgid "" +"Set the main type and subtype for the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header. " +"*type* must be a string in the form :mimetype:`maintype/subtype`, otherwise " +"a :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"设置 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头的主类型和子类型。 *type* 必须为 " +":mimetype:`maintype/subtype` 形式的字符串，否则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:572 +msgid "" +"This method replaces the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, keeping all the " +"parameters in place. If *requote* is ``False``, this leaves the existing " +"header's quoting as is, otherwise the parameters will be quoted (the " +"default)." +msgstr "" +"此方法可替换 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头，并保持所有形参不变。 如果 *requote* 为 " +"``False``，这会保持原有标头引用转换不变，否则形参将被引用转换（默认行为）。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:577 +msgid "" +"An alternative header can be specified in the *header* argument. When the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header is set a :mailheader:`MIME-Version` header" +" is also added." +msgstr "" +"可以在 *header* 参数中指定一个替代标头。 当 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头被设置时也会添加一个 " +":mailheader:`MIME-Version` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:581 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy method. On the :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` " +"class its functionality is replaced by the ``make_`` and ``add_`` methods." +msgstr "" +"这是一个过时的方法。 在 :class:`~email.emailmessage.EmailMessage` 类上它的功能已被 ``make_`` 和 " +"``add_`` 方法所替代。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:588 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the ``filename`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-" +"Disposition` header of the message. If the header does not have a " +"``filename`` parameter, this method falls back to looking for the ``name`` " +"parameter on the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header. If neither is found, or" +" the header is missing, then *failobj* is returned. The returned string will" +" always be unquoted as per :func:`email.utils.unquote`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息头当中 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 字段当中名为 ``filename`` " +"的参数值。如果该字段当中没有此参数，该方法会退而寻找 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 字段当中的 ``name`` " +"参数值。如果这个也没有找到，或者这些个字段压根就不存在，返回 *failobj* 。返回的字符串永远按照 " +":func:`email.utils.unquote` 方法去除引号。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:599 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the ``boundary`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-" +"Type` header of the message, or *failobj* if either the header is missing, " +"or has no ``boundary`` parameter. The returned string will always be " +"unquoted as per :func:`email.utils.unquote`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息头当中 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 字段当中名为 ``boundary`` " +"的参数值。如果字段当中没有此参数，或者这些个字段压根就不存在，返回 *failobj* 。返回的字符串永远按照 " +":func:`email.utils.unquote` 方法去除引号。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:607 +msgid "" +"Set the ``boundary`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header to " +"*boundary*. :meth:`set_boundary` will always quote *boundary* if necessary." +" A :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderParseError` is raised if the message object " +"has no :mailheader:`Content-Type` header." +msgstr "" +"将 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段的 ``boundary`` 参数设置为 *boundary* 。 " +":meth:`set_boundary` 方法永远都会在必要的时候为 *boundary* 添加引号。如果信息对象中没有 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段，抛出 :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderParseError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:612 +msgid "" +"Note that using this method is subtly different than deleting the old " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header and adding a new one with the new boundary" +" via :meth:`add_header`, because :meth:`set_boundary` preserves the order of" +" the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header in the list of headers. However, it " +"does *not* preserve any continuation lines which may have been present in " +"the original :mailheader:`Content-Type` header." +msgstr "" +"请注意使用这个方法与删除旧的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头并通过 :meth:`add_header` " +"添加一个带有新边界的新标头有细微的差异，因为 :meth:`set_boundary` 会保留 :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"标头在原标头列表中的顺序。 但是，它 *不会* 保留原 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中可能存在的任何连续的行。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:622 +msgid "" +"Return the ``charset`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, " +"coerced to lower case. If there is no :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, or" +" if that header has no ``charset`` parameter, *failobj* is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段中的 ``charset`` " +"参数，强制小写。如果字段当中没有此参数，或者这个字段压根不存在，返回 *failobj* 。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Note that this method differs from :meth:`get_charset` which returns the " +":class:`~email.charset.Charset` instance for the default encoding of the " +"message body." +msgstr "" +"请注意此方法不同于 :meth:`get_charset`，后者会返回 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` " +"实例作为消息体的默认编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:632 +msgid "" +"Return a list containing the character set names in the message. If the " +"message is a :mimetype:`multipart`, then the list will contain one element " +"for each subpart in the payload, otherwise, it will be a list of length 1." +msgstr "" +"返回一个包含了信息内所有字符集名字的列表。 如果信息是 :mimetype:`multipart` " +"类型的，那么列表当中的每一项都对应其载荷的子部分的字符集名字。 否则，该列表是一个长度为 1 的列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:636 +msgid "" +"Each item in the list will be a string which is the value of the ``charset``" +" parameter in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header for the represented " +"subpart. However, if the subpart has no :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, " +"no ``charset`` parameter, or is not of the :mimetype:`text` main MIME type, " +"then that item in the returned list will be *failobj*." +msgstr "" +"列表中的每一项都是字符串，它们是其所表示的子部分的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中 ``charset`` 形参的值。 " +"但是，如果该子部分没有 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头，或没有 ``charset`` 形参，或者主 MIME 类型不是 " +":mimetype:`text`，则所返回列表中的对应项将为 *failobj*。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:646 +msgid "" +"Return the lowercased value (without parameters) of the message's " +":mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header if it has one, or ``None``. The " +"possible values for this method are *inline*, *attachment* or ``None`` if " +"the message follows :rfc:`2183`." +msgstr "" +"如果信息的 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 头字段存在，返回其字段值；否则返回 ``None`` " +"。返回的值均为小写，不包含参数。如果信息遵循 :rfc:`2183` 标准，则此方法的返回值只可能在 *inline* 、 *attachment* 和" +" ``None`` 之间选择。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:655 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`walk` method is an all-purpose generator which can be used to " +"iterate over all the parts and subparts of a message object tree, in depth-" +"first traversal order. You will typically use :meth:`walk` as the iterator " +"in a ``for`` loop; each iteration returns the next subpart." +msgstr "" +":meth:`walk` 方法是一个多功能生成器。它可以被用来以深度优先顺序遍历信息对象树的所有部分和子部分。一般而言， :meth:`walk` " +"会被用作 ``for`` 循环的迭代器，每一次迭代都返回其下一个子部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:660 +msgid "" +"Here's an example that prints the MIME type of every part of a multipart " +"message structure:" +msgstr "以下例子会打印出一封具有多部分结构之信息的每个部分的 MIME 类型。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:674 +msgid "" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_type())\n" +"multipart/report\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/delivery-status\n" +"text/plain\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/rfc822\n" +"text/plain" +msgstr "" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_type())\n" +"multipart/report\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/delivery-status\n" +"text/plain\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/rfc822\n" +"text/plain" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:686 +msgid "" +"``walk`` iterates over the subparts of any part where :meth:`is_multipart` " +"returns ``True``, even though ``msg.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart'`` " +"may return ``False``. We can see this in our example by making use of the " +"``_structure`` debug helper function:" +msgstr "" +"``walk`` 会遍历所有 :meth:`is_multipart` 方法返回 ``True`` 的部分之子部分，哪怕 " +"``msg.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart'`` 返回的是 ``False`` 。使用 " +"``_structure`` 除错帮助函数可以帮助我们在下面这个例子当中看清楚这一点：" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:692 +msgid "" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart',\n" +"... part.is_multipart())\n" +"True True\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +">>> _structure(msg)\n" +"multipart/report\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/delivery-status\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain" +msgstr "" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart',\n" +"... part.is_multipart())\n" +"True True\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +">>> _structure(msg)\n" +"multipart/report\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/delivery-status\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:713 +msgid "" +"Here the ``message`` parts are not ``multiparts``, but they do contain " +"subparts. ``is_multipart()`` returns ``True`` and ``walk`` descends into the" +" subparts." +msgstr "" +"在这里， ``message`` 的部分并非 ``multiparts`` ，但是它们真的包含子部分！ ``is_multipart()`` 返回 " +"``True`` ， ``walk`` 也深入进这些子部分中。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:718 +msgid "" +":class:`Message` objects can also optionally contain two instance " +"attributes, which can be used when generating the plain text of a MIME " +"message." +msgstr ":class:`Message` 对象也可以包含两个可选的实例属性，它们可被用于生成纯文本的 MIME 消息。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:724 +msgid "" +"The format of a MIME document allows for some text between the blank line " +"following the headers, and the first multipart boundary string. Normally, " +"this text is never visible in a MIME-aware mail reader because it falls " +"outside the standard MIME armor. However, when viewing the raw text of the " +"message, or when viewing the message in a non-MIME aware reader, this text " +"can become visible." +msgstr "" +"MIME 文档格式在标头之后的空白行以及第一个多部分的分界字符串之间允许添加一些文本， 通常，此文本在支持 MIME " +"的邮件阅读器中永远不可见，因为它处在标准 MIME 保护范围之外。 但是，当查看消息的原始文本，或当在不支持 MIME " +"的阅读器中查看消息时，此文本会变得可见。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:731 +msgid "" +"The *preamble* attribute contains this leading extra-armor text for MIME " +"documents. When the :class:`~email.parser.Parser` discovers some text after" +" the headers but before the first boundary string, it assigns this text to " +"the message's *preamble* attribute. When the " +":class:`~email.generator.Generator` is writing out the plain text " +"representation of a MIME message, and it finds the message has a *preamble* " +"attribute, it will write this text in the area between the headers and the " +"first boundary. See :mod:`email.parser` and :mod:`email.generator` for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"*preamble* 属性包含 MIME 文档开头部分的这些处于保护范围之外的文本。 当 :class:`~email.parser.Parser` " +"在标头之后及第一个分界字符串之前发现一些文本时，它会将这些文本赋值给消息的 *preamble* 属性。 当 " +":class:`~email.generator.Generator` 写出 MIME 消息的纯文本表示形式时，如果它发现消息具有 *preamble*" +" 属性，它将在标头及第一个分界之间区域写出这些文本。 请参阅 :mod:`email.parser` 和 :mod:`email.generator` " +"了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:741 +msgid "" +"Note that if the message object has no preamble, the *preamble* attribute " +"will be ``None``." +msgstr "请注意如果消息对象没有前导文本，则 *preamble* 属性将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:747 +msgid "" +"The *epilogue* attribute acts the same way as the *preamble* attribute, " +"except that it contains text that appears between the last boundary and the " +"end of the message." +msgstr "*epilogue* 属性的作用方式与 *preamble* 属性相同，区别在于它包含出现于最后一个分界与消息结尾之间的文本。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:751 +msgid "" +"You do not need to set the epilogue to the empty string in order for the " +":class:`~email.generator.Generator` to print a newline at the end of the " +"file." +msgstr "" +"你不需要将 epilogue 设为空字符串以便让 :class:`~email.generator.Generator` 在文件末尾打印一个换行符。" + +#: ../../library/email.compat32-message.rst:758 +msgid "" +"The *defects* attribute contains a list of all the problems found when " +"parsing this message. See :mod:`email.errors` for a detailed description of" +" the possible parsing defects." +msgstr "" +"*defects* 属性包含在解析消息时发现的所有问题的列表。 请参阅 :mod:`email.errors` 了解可能的解析缺陷的详细描述。" diff --git a/library/email.contentmanager.po b/library/email.contentmanager.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0cd847c98 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.contentmanager.po @@ -0,0 +1,355 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-24 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.contentmanager`: Managing MIME Content" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.contentmanager`: 管理 MIME 内容" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/contentmanager.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/contentmanager.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:14 +msgid "[1]_" +msgstr "[1]_" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Base class for content managers. Provides the standard registry mechanisms " +"to register converters between MIME content and other representations, as " +"well as the ``get_content`` and ``set_content`` dispatch methods." +msgstr "" +"内容管理器的基类。 提供注册 MIME 内容和其他表示形式间转换器的标准注册机制，以及 ``get_content`` 和 " +"``set_content`` 发送方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Look up a handler function based on the ``mimetype`` of *msg* (see next " +"paragraph), call it, passing through all arguments, and return the result of" +" the call. The expectation is that the handler will extract the payload " +"from *msg* and return an object that encodes information about the extracted" +" data." +msgstr "" +"基于 *msg* 的 ``mimetype`` 查找处理函数（参见下一段），调用该函数，传递所有参数，并返回调用的结果。 预期的效果是处理程序将从 " +"*msg* 中提取有效载荷并返回编码了有关被提取数据信息的对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:32 +msgid "" +"To find the handler, look for the following keys in the registry, stopping " +"with the first one found:" +msgstr "要找到处理程序，将在注册表中查找以下键，找到第一个键即停止:" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:35 +msgid "the string representing the full MIME type (``maintype/subtype``)" +msgstr "表示完整 MIME 类型的字符串 (``maintype/subtype``)" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:36 +msgid "the string representing the ``maintype``" +msgstr "表示 ``maintype`` 的字符串" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:37 +msgid "the empty string" +msgstr "空字符串" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:39 +msgid "" +"If none of these keys produce a handler, raise a :exc:`KeyError` for the " +"full MIME type." +msgstr "如果这些键都没有产生处理程序，则为完整 MIME 类型引发一个 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:45 +msgid "" +"If the ``maintype`` is ``multipart``, raise a :exc:`TypeError`; otherwise " +"look up a handler function based on the type of *obj* (see next paragraph), " +"call :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.clear_content` on the *msg*, and " +"call the handler function, passing through all arguments. The expectation " +"is that the handler will transform and store *obj* into *msg*, possibly " +"making other changes to *msg* as well, such as adding various MIME headers " +"to encode information needed to interpret the stored data." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``maintype`` 为 ``multipart``，则引发 :exc:`TypeError`；否则基于 *obj* " +"的类型（参见下一段）查找处理函数，在 *msg* 上调用 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.clear_content`，并调用处理函数，传递所有参数。 " +"预期的效果是处理程序将转换 *obj* 并存入 *msg*，并可能对 *msg* 进行其他更改，例如添加各种 MIME " +"标头来编码需要用来解释所存储数据的信息。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:54 +msgid "" +"To find the handler, obtain the type of *obj* (``typ = type(obj)``), and " +"look for the following keys in the registry, stopping with the first one " +"found:" +msgstr "要找到处理程序，将获取 *obj* 的类型 (``typ = type(obj)``)，并在注册表中查找以下键，找到第一个键即停止:" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:58 +msgid "the type itself (``typ``)" +msgstr "类型本身 (``typ``)" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:59 +msgid "" +"the type's fully qualified name (``typ.__module__ + '.' + " +"typ.__qualname__``)." +msgstr "类型的完整限定名称 (``typ.__module__ + '.' + typ.__qualname__``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:61 +msgid "the type's :attr:`qualname ` (``typ.__qualname__``)" +msgstr "类型的 :attr:`qualname ` (``typ.__qualname__``)" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:62 +msgid "the type's :attr:`name ` (``typ.__name__``)." +msgstr "类型的 :attr:`name ` (``typ.__name__``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:64 +msgid "" +"If none of the above match, repeat all of the checks above for each of the " +"types in the :term:`MRO` (:attr:`typ.__mro__ `). Finally, if " +"no other key yields a handler, check for a handler for the key ``None``. If" +" there is no handler for ``None``, raise a :exc:`KeyError` for the fully " +"qualified name of the type." +msgstr "" +"如果未匹配到上述任何一项，则为 :term:`MRO` (:attr:`typ.__mro__ `) " +"中的每个类型重复上述所有检测。 最后，如果没有其他键产生处理器，则为 ``None`` 键检测处理器。 如果没有 ``None`` " +"的处理器，则为该类型的完整限定名称引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Also add a :mailheader:`MIME-Version` header if one is not present (see also" +" :class:`.MIMEPart`)." +msgstr "" +"并会添加一个 :mailheader:`MIME-Version` 标头，如果没有的话 (另请参见 :class:`.MIMEPart`)。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Record the function *handler* as the handler for *key*. For the possible " +"values of *key*, see :meth:`get_content`." +msgstr "将 *handler* 函数记录为 *key* 的处理程序。 对于可能的 *key* 键，请参阅 :meth:`get_content`。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Record *handler* as the function to call when an object of a type matching " +"*typekey* is passed to :meth:`set_content`. For the possible values of " +"*typekey*, see :meth:`set_content`." +msgstr "" +"将 *handler* 记录为当一个匹配 *typekey* 的类型对象被传递给 :meth:`set_content` 时所要调用的函数。 对于可能的" +" *typekey* 值，请参阅 :meth:`set_content`。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:89 +msgid "Content Manager Instances" +msgstr "内容管理器实例" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Currently the email package provides only one concrete content manager, " +":data:`raw_data_manager`, although more may be added in the future. " +":data:`raw_data_manager` is the " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager` provided by " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` and its derivatives." +msgstr "" +"目前 email 包只提供了一个实体内容管理器 :data:`raw_data_manager`，不过在未来可能会添加更多。 " +":data:`raw_data_manager` 是由 :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` 及其衍生工具所提供的 " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager`。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:100 +msgid "" +"This content manager provides only a minimum interface beyond that provided " +"by :class:`~email.message.Message` itself: it deals only with text, raw " +"byte strings, and :class:`~email.message.Message` objects. Nevertheless, it" +" provides significant advantages compared to the base API: ``get_content`` " +"on a text part will return a unicode string without the application needing " +"to manually decode it, ``set_content`` provides a rich set of options for " +"controlling the headers added to a part and controlling the content transfer" +" encoding, and it enables the use of the various ``add_`` methods, thereby " +"simplifying the creation of multipart messages." +msgstr "" +"这个内容管理器仅提供了超出 :class:`~email.message.Message` 本身提供内容的最小接口：它只处理文本、原始字节串和 " +":class:`~email.message.Message` 对象。 不过相比基础 API，它具有显著的优势：在文本部分上执行 " +"``get_content`` 将返回一个 unicode 字符串而无需由应用程序来手动解码，``set_content`` " +"为控制添加到一个部分的标头和控制内容传输编码格式提供了丰富的选项集合，并且它还启用了多种 ``add_`` 方法，从而简化了多部分消息的创建过程。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Return the payload of the part as either a string (for ``text`` parts), an " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` object (for ``message/rfc822`` parts), " +"or a ``bytes`` object (for all other non-multipart types). Raise a " +":exc:`KeyError` if called on a ``multipart``. If the part is a ``text`` " +"part and *errors* is specified, use it as the error handler when decoding " +"the payload to unicode. The default error handler is ``replace``." +msgstr "" +"将指定部分的有效载荷作为字符串（对于 ``text`` 部分）, :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 对象（对于 " +"``message/rfc822`` 部分）或 ``bytes`` 对象（对于所有其他非多部分类型）返回。 如果是在 ``multipart`` " +"上调用则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。 如果指定部分是一个 ``text`` 部分并且指明了 *errors*，则会在将载荷解码为 " +"unicode 时将其用作错误处理程序。 默认的错误处理程序是 ``replace``。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:131 +msgid "Add headers and payload to *msg*:" +msgstr "向 *msg* 添加标头和有效载荷:" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Add a :mailheader:`Content-Type` header with a ``maintype/subtype`` value." +msgstr "添加一个带有 ``maintype/subtype`` 值的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:136 +msgid "" +"For ``str``, set the MIME ``maintype`` to ``text``, and set the subtype to " +"*subtype* if it is specified, or ``plain`` if it is not." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``str``，将 MIME ``maintype`` 设为 ``text``，如果指定了子类型 *subtype* 则设为指定值，否则设为 " +"``plain``。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:138 +msgid "" +"For ``bytes``, use the specified *maintype* and *subtype*, or raise a " +":exc:`TypeError` if they are not specified." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``bytes``，将使用指定的 *maintype* 和 *subtype*，如果未指定则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:140 +msgid "" +"For :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` objects, set the maintype to " +"``message``, and set the subtype to *subtype* if it is specified or " +"``rfc822`` if it is not. If *subtype* is ``partial``, raise an error " +"(``bytes`` objects must be used to construct ``message/partial`` parts)." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 对象，将 maintype 设为 ``message``，并将指定的 " +"subtype 设为 *subtype*，如果未指定则设为 ``rfc822``。 如果 *subtype* 为 " +"``partial``，则引发一个错误（必须使用 ``bytes`` 对象来构造 ``message/partial`` 部分）。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:146 +msgid "" +"If *charset* is provided (which is valid only for ``str``), encode the " +"string to bytes using the specified character set. The default is " +"``utf-8``. If the specified *charset* is a known alias for a standard MIME " +"charset name, use the standard charset instead." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了 *charset* (这只对 ``str`` 适用)，则使用指定的字符集将字符串编码为字节串。 默认值为 ``utf-8``。 如果指定的 " +"*charset* 是某个标准 MIME 字符集名称的已知别名，则会改用该标准字符集。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:151 +msgid "" +"If *cte* is set, encode the payload using the specified content transfer " +"encoding, and set the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header to that" +" value. Possible values for *cte* are ``quoted-printable``, ``base64``, " +"``7bit``, ``8bit``, and ``binary``. If the input cannot be encoded in the " +"specified encoding (for example, specifying a *cte* of ``7bit`` for an input" +" that contains non-ASCII values), raise a :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 *cte*，则使用指定的内容传输编码格式对有效载荷进行编码，并将 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-" +"Encoding` 标头设为该值。 可能的 *cte* 值有 ``quoted-printable``, ``base64``, ``7bit``, " +"``8bit`` 和 ``binary``。 如果输入无法以指定的编码格式被编码 (例如，对于包含非 ASCII 值的输入指定 *cte* 值为 " +"``7bit``)，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:159 +msgid "" +"For ``str`` objects, if *cte* is not set use heuristics to determine the " +"most compact encoding. Prior to encoding, :meth:`str.splitlines` is used to" +" normalize all line boundaries, ensuring that each line of the payload is " +"terminated by the current policy's :data:`~email.policy.Policy.linesep` " +"property (even if the original string did not end with one)." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``str`` 对象，如果未设置 *cte* 则使用启发式求解来确定最紧凑的编码格式。 在编码之前，将使用 " +":meth:`str.splitlines` 来正规化所有行边界，确保载荷的每一行是以当前策略的 " +":data:`~email.policy.Policy.linesep` 特性属性来结束的（即使原始字符串不是以它结束）。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:165 +msgid "" +"For ``bytes`` objects, *cte* is taken to be base64 if not set, and the " +"aforementioned newline translation is not performed." +msgstr "对于 ``bytes`` 对象，如果未设置 *cte* 则使用 base64，并且不会执行之前提及的换行符转写。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:167 +msgid "" +"For :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`, per :rfc:`2046`, raise an error if" +" a *cte* of ``quoted-printable`` or ``base64`` is requested for *subtype* " +"``rfc822``, and for any *cte* other than ``7bit`` for *subtype* ``external-" +"body``. For ``message/rfc822``, use ``8bit`` if *cte* is not specified. " +"For all other values of *subtype*, use ``7bit``." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`，按照 :rfc:`2046`，如果为 *subtype* " +"``rfc822`` 请求的 *cte* 为 ``quoted-printable`` 或 ``base64`` ，而为 ``7bit`` 以外的任何 " +"*cte* 为 *subtype* ``external-body`` 则会引发一个错误。 对于 ``message/rfc822``，如果 *cte*" +" 未指定则会使用 ``8bit``。 对于所有其他 *subtype* 值，都会使用 ``7bit``。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:174 +msgid "" +"A *cte* of ``binary`` does not actually work correctly yet. The " +"``EmailMessage`` object as modified by ``set_content`` is correct, but " +":class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` does not serialize it correctly." +msgstr "" +"*cte* 值为 ``binary`` 实际上还不能正确工作。 由 ``set_content`` 所修改的 ``EmailMessage`` " +"对象是正确的，但 :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` 不会正确地将其序列化。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:179 +msgid "" +"If *disposition* is set, use it as the value of the :mailheader:`Content-" +"Disposition` header. If not specified, and *filename* is specified, add the" +" header with the value ``attachment``. If *disposition* is not specified and" +" *filename* is also not specified, do not add the header. The only valid " +"values for *disposition* are ``attachment`` and ``inline``." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 *disposition*，它会被用作 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 标头的值。 " +"如果未设置，并且指定了 *filename*，则添加值为 ``attachment`` 的标头。 如果未设置 *disposition* 并且也未指定 " +"*filename*，则不添加标头。 *disposition* 的有效值仅有 ``attachment`` 和 ``inline``。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:186 +msgid "" +"If *filename* is specified, use it as the value of the ``filename`` " +"parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 *filename*，则将其用作 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 标头的 ``filename`` " +"参数的值。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:189 +msgid "" +"If *cid* is specified, add a :mailheader:`Content-ID` header with *cid* as " +"its value." +msgstr "如果设置了 *cid*，则添加一个 :mailheader:`Content-ID` 标头并将其值设为 *cid*。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:192 +msgid "" +"If *params* is specified, iterate its ``items`` method and use the resulting" +" ``(key, value)`` pairs to set additional parameters on the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 *params*，则迭代其 ``items`` 方法并使用输出的 ``(key, value)`` 结果对在 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头上设置附加参数。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:196 +msgid "" +"If *headers* is specified and is a list of strings of the form ``headername:" +" headervalue`` or a list of ``header`` objects (distinguished from strings " +"by having a ``name`` attribute), add the headers to *msg*." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 *headers* 并且为 ``headername: headervalue`` 形式的字符串的列表或为 ``header`` " +"对象的列表（通过一个 ``name`` 属性与字符串相区分），则将标头添加到 *msg*。" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:203 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.contentmanager.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Originally added in 3.4 as a :term:`provisional module `" +msgstr "最初在 3.4 中作为 :term:`暂定模块 ` 添加" diff --git a/library/email.encoders.po b/library/email.encoders.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f28258aeb --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.encoders.po @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Yiyi Python , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.encoders`: Encoders" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.encoders`: 编码器" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/encoders.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/encoders.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module is part of the legacy (``Compat32``) email API. In the new API " +"the functionality is provided by the *cte* parameter of the " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` method." +msgstr "" +"此模块是旧版 (``Compat32``) email API 的组成部分。 在新版 API 中将由 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` 方法的 *cte* 形参提供该功能。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module is deprecated in Python 3. The functions provided here should " +"not be called explicitly since the :class:`~email.mime.text.MIMEText` class " +"sets the content type and CTE header using the *_subtype* and *_charset* " +"values passed during the instantiation of that class." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 Python 3 中已弃用。 这里提供的函数不应被显式地调用，因为 :class:`~email.mime.text.MIMEText` " +"类会在类实例化期间使用 *_subtype* 和 *_charset* 值来设置内容类型和 CTE 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The remaining text in this section is the original documentation of the " +"module." +msgstr "本节中的其余文本是此模块的原始文档。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:22 +msgid "" +"When creating :class:`~email.message.Message` objects from scratch, you " +"often need to encode the payloads for transport through compliant mail " +"servers. This is especially true for :mimetype:`image/\\*` and " +":mimetype:`text/\\*` type messages containing binary data." +msgstr "" +"当创建全新的 :class:`~email.message.Message` 对象时，你经常需要对载荷编码以便通过兼容的邮件服务器进行传输。 " +"对于包含二进制数据的 :mimetype:`image/\\*` 和 :mimetype:`text/\\*` 类型的消息来说尤其如此。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` package provides some convenient encoders in its " +":mod:`~email.encoders` module. These encoders are actually used by the " +":class:`~email.mime.audio.MIMEAudio` and " +":class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage` class constructors to provide default " +"encodings. All encoder functions take exactly one argument, the message " +"object to encode. They usually extract the payload, encode it, and reset " +"the payload to this newly encoded value. They should also set the " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header as appropriate." +msgstr "" +":mod:`email` 包在其 :mod:`~email.encoders` 模块中提供了一些方便的编码器。 这些编码器实际上由 " +":class:`~email.mime.audio.MIMEAudio` 和 :class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage` " +"类构造器使用以提供默认编码格式。 所有编码器函数都只接受一个参数，即要编码的消息对象。 " +"它们通常会提取有效截荷，对其进行编码，并将载荷重置为新近编码的值。 它们还应当相应地设置 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-" +"Encoding` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Note that these functions are not meaningful for a multipart message. They " +"must be applied to individual subparts instead, and will raise a " +":exc:`TypeError` if passed a message whose type is multipart." +msgstr "" +"请注意，这些函数对于多段消息没有意义。 它们必须应用到各个单独的段上面，而不是整体。如果直接传递一个多段类型的消息，会产生一个 " +":exc:`TypeError` 错误。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:39 +msgid "Here are the encoding functions provided:" +msgstr "下面是提供的编码函数：" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Encodes the payload into quoted-printable form and sets the " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header to ``quoted-printable`` [#]_." +" This is a good encoding to use when most of your payload is normal " +"printable data, but contains a few unprintable characters." +msgstr "" +"将有效数据编码为经转换的可打印形式，并将 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头设置为 ``quoted-" +"printable`` [#]_。 当大多数实际的数据是普通的可打印数据但包含少量不可打印的字符时，这是一个很好的编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Encodes the payload into base64 form and sets the :mailheader:`Content-" +"Transfer-Encoding` header to ``base64``. This is a good encoding to use " +"when most of your payload is unprintable data since it is a more compact " +"form than quoted-printable. The drawback of base64 encoding is that it " +"renders the text non-human readable." +msgstr "" +"将有效载荷编码为 base64 形式，并将 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头设为 " +"``base64``。 当你的载荷主要包含不可打印数据时这是一种很好用的编码格式，因为它比 quoted-printable 更紧凑。 base64 " +"编码格式的缺点是它会使文本变成人类不可读的形式。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:61 +msgid "" +"This doesn't actually modify the message's payload, but it does set the " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header to either ``7bit`` or " +"``8bit`` as appropriate, based on the payload data." +msgstr "" +"此函数并不实际改变消息的有效载荷，但它会基于载荷数据将 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头相应地设为 " +"``7bit`` 或 ``8bit``。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:68 +msgid "" +"This does nothing; it doesn't even set the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-" +"Encoding` header." +msgstr "此函数什么都不会做；它甚至不会设置 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:72 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.encoders.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Note that encoding with :meth:`encode_quopri` also encodes all tabs and " +"space characters in the data." +msgstr "请注意使用 :meth:`encode_quopri` 编码格式还会对数据中的所有制表符和空格符进行编码。" diff --git a/library/email.errors.po b/library/email.errors.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b29bf34a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.errors.po @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.errors`: Exception and Defect classes" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.errors`: 异常和缺陷类" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/errors.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/errors.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The following exception classes are defined in the :mod:`email.errors` " +"module:" +msgstr "以下异常类在 :mod:`email.errors` 模块中定义：" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This is the base class for all exceptions that the :mod:`email` package can " +"raise. It is derived from the standard :exc:`Exception` class and defines " +"no additional methods." +msgstr "" +"这是 :mod:`email` 包可以引发的所有异常的基类。 它源自标准异常 :exc:`Exception` 类，这个类没有定义其他方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:23 +msgid "" +"This is the base class for exceptions raised by the " +":class:`~email.parser.Parser` class. It is derived from " +":exc:`MessageError`. This class is also used internally by the parser used " +"by :mod:`~email.headerregistry`." +msgstr "" +"这是由 :class:`~email.parser.Parser` 类引发的异常的基类。它派生自 :exc:`MessageError`。 " +":mod:`~email.headerregistry` 使用的解析器也在内部使用这个类。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Raised under some error conditions when parsing the :rfc:`5322` headers of a" +" message, this class is derived from :exc:`MessageParseError`. The " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_boundary` method will raise this " +"error if the content type is unknown when the method is called. " +":class:`~email.header.Header` may raise this error for certain base64 " +"decoding errors, and when an attempt is made to create a header that appears" +" to contain an embedded header (that is, there is what is supposed to be a " +"continuation line that has no leading whitespace and looks like a header)." +msgstr "" +"在解析消息的 :rfc:`5322` 标头时，某些错误条件下会触发，此类派生自 :exc:`MessageParseError`。 " +"如果在调用方法时内容类型未知，则 :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_boundary` 方法将引发此错误。 " +"当尝试创建一个看起来包含嵌入式标头的标头时 :class:`~email.header.Header` 可能会针对某些 base64 " +"解码错误引发此错误（也就是说，应该是一个 没有前导空格并且看起来像标题的延续行）。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:43 +msgid "Deprecated and no longer used." +msgstr "已弃用和不再使用的。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Raised if the :meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` method is called on an " +"instance of a class derived from " +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` (e.g. " +":class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage`). :exc:`MultipartConversionError` " +"multiply inherits from :exc:`MessageError` and the built-in " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"Raised 当 :meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` 方法是在一个派生自 " +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` 的类 (例如 " +":class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage`) 的实例上被调用时会引发该异常。 " +":exc:`MultipartConversionError` 多重继承自 :exc:`MessageError` 和内置的 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Raised when an error occurs when the :mod:`~email.generator` outputs " +"headers." +msgstr "当 :mod:`~email.generator` 输出标头发生错误时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:64 +msgid "" +"This is the base class for all defects found when parsing email messages. It" +" is derived from :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "这是表示在解析邮件消息时出现的所有错误的基类。 它派生自 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:69 +msgid "" +"This is the base class for all defects found when parsing email headers. It " +"is derived from :exc:`MessageDefect`." +msgstr "这是表示在解析邮件标头时出现的所有错误的基类。 它派生自 :exc:`MessageDefect`。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Here is the list of the defects that the :class:`~email.parser.FeedParser` " +"can find while parsing messages. Note that the defects are added to the " +"message where the problem was found, so for example, if a message nested " +"inside a :mimetype:`multipart/alternative` had a malformed header, that " +"nested message object would have a defect, but the containing messages would" +" not." +msgstr "" +"以下是 :class:`~email.parser.FeedParser` 在解析消息时可发现的缺陷列表。 " +"请注意这些缺陷会在问题被发现时加入到消息中，因此举例来说，如果某条嵌套在 :mimetype:`multipart/alternative` " +"中的消息具有错误的标头，该嵌套消息对象就会有一条缺陷，但外层消息对象则没有。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:78 +msgid "" +"All defect classes are subclassed from :class:`email.errors.MessageDefect`." +msgstr "所有缺陷类都是 :class:`email.errors.MessageDefect` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:82 +msgid "" +"A message claimed to be a multipart, but had no :mimetype:`boundary` " +"parameter." +msgstr "一条消息宣称有多个部分，但却没有 :mimetype:`boundary` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:87 +msgid "" +"The start boundary claimed in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header was " +"never found." +msgstr "在 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中宣称的开始边界无法找到。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:92 +msgid "" +"A start boundary was found, but no corresponding close boundary was ever " +"found." +msgstr "找到了开始边界，但找不到对应的结束边界。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:99 +msgid "The message had a continuation line as its first header line." +msgstr "消息以一个后续行作为其第一个标头行。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:103 +msgid "A \"Unix From\" header was found in the middle of a header block." +msgstr "在标头块中间发现了一个 \"Unix From\" 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:107 +msgid "" +"A line was found while parsing headers that had no leading white space but " +"contained no ':'. Parsing continues assuming that the line represents the " +"first line of the body." +msgstr "在解析没有前缀空格但又不包含 ':' 的标头期间发现一行内容。 解析将假定该行代表消息体的第一行以继续执行。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:115 +msgid "" +"A header was found that was missing a colon, or was otherwise malformed." +msgstr "找到一个缺失了冒号，或者是格式错误的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:117 +msgid "This defect has not been used for several Python versions." +msgstr "此缺陷在近几个 Python 版本中已不再使用。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:122 +msgid "" +"A message claimed to be a :mimetype:`multipart`, but no subparts were found." +" Note that when a message has this defect, its " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.is_multipart` method may return ``False`` even" +" though its content type claims to be :mimetype:`multipart`." +msgstr "" +"一条消息宣称为 :mimetype:`multipart`，但找不到任何子部分。 请注意当一条消息有此缺陷时，其 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.is_multipart` 方法可能返回 ``False``，即使其内容类型宣称为 " +":mimetype:`multipart`。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:129 +msgid "" +"When decoding a block of base64 encoded bytes, the padding was not correct. " +"Enough padding is added to perform the decode, but the resulting decoded " +"bytes may be invalid." +msgstr "当解码一个 base64 编码的字节块时，填充的数据不正确。 虽然添加了足够的填充数据以执行解码，但作为结果的已解码字节串可能无效。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:135 +msgid "" +"When decoding a block of base64 encoded bytes, characters outside the base64" +" alphabet were encountered. The characters are ignored, but the resulting " +"decoded bytes may be invalid." +msgstr "当解码一个 base64 编码的字节分块时，遇到了 base64 字符表以外的字符。 这些字符会被忽略，但作为结果的已解码字节串可能无效。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:141 +msgid "" +"When decoding a block of base64 encoded bytes, the number of non-padding " +"base64 characters was invalid (1 more than a multiple of 4). The encoded " +"block was kept as-is." +msgstr "当解码一个 base64 编码的字节分块时，非填充 base64 字符的数量无效（比 4 的倍数多 1）。 已编码分块会保持原样。" + +#: ../../library/email.errors.rst:147 +msgid "" +"When decoding an invalid or unparsable date field. The original value is " +"kept as-is." +msgstr "当解码一个无效或不可解析的数据字段时引发。 原始值会被保持原样。" diff --git a/library/email.examples.po b/library/email.examples.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1883c13f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.examples.po @@ -0,0 +1,815 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:4 +msgid ":mod:`email`: Examples" +msgstr ":mod:`email`: 示例" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Here are a few examples of how to use the :mod:`email` package to read, " +"write, and send simple email messages, as well as more complex MIME " +"messages." +msgstr "以下是一些如何使用 :mod:`email` 包来读取、写入和发送简单电子邮件以及更复杂的MIME邮件的示例。" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:9 +msgid "" +"First, let's see how to create and send a simple text message (both the text" +" content and the addresses may contain unicode characters):" +msgstr "首先，让我们看看如何创建和发送简单的文本消息（文本内容和地址都可能包含unicode字符）：" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:12 +msgid "" +"# Import smtplib for the actual sending function\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"# Import the email modules we'll need\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"\n" +"# Open the plain text file whose name is in textfile for reading.\n" +"with open(textfile) as fp:\n" +" # Create a text/plain message\n" +" msg = EmailMessage()\n" +" msg.set_content(fp.read())\n" +"\n" +"# me == the sender's email address\n" +"# you == the recipient's email address\n" +"msg['Subject'] = f'The contents of {textfile}'\n" +"msg['From'] = me\n" +"msg['To'] = you\n" +"\n" +"# Send the message via our own SMTP server.\n" +"s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')\n" +"s.send_message(msg)\n" +"s.quit()\n" +msgstr "" +"# 导入 smtplib 以使用实际的发送函数\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"# 导入我们需要的 email 模块\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"\n" +"# 打开 textfile 中相应名称的纯文本文件供读取。\n" +"with open(textfile) as fp:\n" +" # 创建纯文本消息\n" +" msg = EmailMessage()\n" +" msg.set_content(fp.read())\n" +"\n" +"# me == 发送方 email 地址\n" +"# you == 接收方 email 地址\n" +"msg['Subject'] = f'The contents of {textfile}'\n" +"msg['From'] = me\n" +"msg['To'] = you\n" +"\n" +"# 通过我们使用的 SMTP 服务器发送消息。\n" +"s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')\n" +"s.send_message(msg)\n" +"s.quit()\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Parsing :rfc:`822` headers can easily be done by the using the classes from " +"the :mod:`~email.parser` module:" +msgstr "解析 :rfc:`822` 标题可以通过使用 :mod:`~email.parser` 模块中的类来轻松完成：" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:18 +msgid "" +"# Import the email modules we'll need\n" +"#from email.parser import BytesParser\n" +"from email.parser import Parser\n" +"from email.policy import default\n" +"\n" +"# If the e-mail headers are in a file, uncomment these two lines:\n" +"# with open(messagefile, 'rb') as fp:\n" +"# headers = BytesParser(policy=default).parse(fp)\n" +"\n" +"# Or for parsing headers in a string (this is an uncommon operation), use:\n" +"headers = Parser(policy=default).parsestr(\n" +" 'From: Foo Bar \\n'\n" +" 'To: \\n'\n" +" 'Subject: Test message\\n'\n" +" '\\n'\n" +" 'Body would go here\\n')\n" +"\n" +"# Now the header items can be accessed as a dictionary:\n" +"print('To: {}'.format(headers['to']))\n" +"print('From: {}'.format(headers['from']))\n" +"print('Subject: {}'.format(headers['subject']))\n" +"\n" +"# You can also access the parts of the addresses:\n" +"print('Recipient username: {}'.format(headers['to'].addresses[0].username))\n" +"print('Sender name: {}'.format(headers['from'].addresses[0].display_name))\n" +msgstr "" +"# 导入我们需要的 email 模块\n" +"#from email.parser import BytesParser\n" +"from email.parser import Parser\n" +"from email.policy import default\n" +"\n" +"# 如果 email 标头保存在文件中，则取消注释这两行：\n" +"# with open(messagefile, 'rb') as fp:\n" +"# headers = BytesParser(policy=default).parse(fp)\n" +"\n" +"# 或者如果要从字符串中解析标头（这是不太常见的操作），使用：\n" +"headers = Parser(policy=default).parsestr(\n" +" 'From: Foo Bar \\n'\n" +" 'To: \\n'\n" +" 'Subject: Test message\\n'\n" +" '\\n'\n" +" 'Body would go here\\n')\n" +"\n" +"# 现在标头条目将可作为字典访问：\n" +"print('To: {}'.format(headers['to']))\n" +"print('From: {}'.format(headers['from']))\n" +"print('Subject: {}'.format(headers['subject']))\n" +"\n" +"# 你也可以访问地址的各个部分：\n" +"print('Recipient username: {}'.format(headers['to'].addresses[0].username))\n" +"print('Sender name: {}'.format(headers['from'].addresses[0].display_name))\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of how to send a MIME message containing a bunch of family" +" pictures that may be residing in a directory:" +msgstr "以下是如何发送包含可能在目录中的一系列家庭照片的MIME消息示例：" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:24 +msgid "" +"# Import smtplib for the actual sending function.\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"# Here are the email package modules we'll need.\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"\n" +"# Create the container email message.\n" +"msg = EmailMessage()\n" +"msg['Subject'] = 'Our family reunion'\n" +"# me == the sender's email address\n" +"# family = the list of all recipients' email addresses\n" +"msg['From'] = me\n" +"msg['To'] = ', '.join(family)\n" +"msg.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\\n'\n" +"\n" +"# Open the files in binary mode. You can also omit the subtype\n" +"# if you want MIMEImage to guess it.\n" +"for file in pngfiles:\n" +" with open(file, 'rb') as fp:\n" +" img_data = fp.read()\n" +" msg.add_attachment(img_data, maintype='image',\n" +" subtype='png')\n" +"\n" +"# Send the email via our own SMTP server.\n" +"with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s:\n" +" s.send_message(msg)\n" +msgstr "" +"# 导入 smtplib 以使用实际的发送函数。\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"# 以下是我们要用到的 email 包模块。\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"\n" +"# 创建容器 email 消息。\n" +"msg = EmailMessage()\n" +"msg['Subject'] = 'Our family reunion'\n" +"# me == 发送方 email 地址\n" +"# family = 所有接收方的 email 地址列表\n" +"msg['From'] = me\n" +"msg['To'] = ', '.join(family)\n" +"msg.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\\n'\n" +"\n" +"# 以二进制模式打开文件。 你也可以忽略子类型\n" +"# 如果你想要 MIMEImage 自动猜测的话。\n" +"for file in pngfiles:\n" +" with open(file, 'rb') as fp:\n" +" img_data = fp.read()\n" +" msg.add_attachment(img_data, maintype='image',\n" +" subtype='png')\n" +"\n" +"# 通过我们自己的 SMTP 服务器发送 email。\n" +"with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s:\n" +" s.send_message(msg)\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of how to send the entire contents of a directory as an " +"email message: [1]_" +msgstr "以下是如何将目录的全部内容作为电子邮件消息发送的示例： [1]_" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:30 +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"import os\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"# For guessing MIME type based on file name extension\n" +"import mimetypes\n" +"\n" +"from argparse import ArgumentParser\n" +"\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"from email.policy import SMTP\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" parser = ArgumentParser(description=\"\"\"\\\n" +"Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.\n" +"Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local\n" +"SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine\n" +"must be running an SMTP server.\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-d', '--directory',\n" +" help=\"\"\"Mail the contents of the specified directory,\n" +" otherwise use the current directory. Only the regular\n" +" files in the directory are sent, and we don't recurse to\n" +" subdirectories.\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-o', '--output',\n" +" metavar='FILE',\n" +" help=\"\"\"Print the composed message to FILE instead of\n" +" sending the message to the SMTP server.\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-s', '--sender', required=True,\n" +" help='The value of the From: header (required)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-r', '--recipient', required=True,\n" +" action='append', metavar='RECIPIENT',\n" +" default=[], dest='recipients',\n" +" help='A To: header value (at least one required)')\n" +" args = parser.parse_args()\n" +" directory = args.directory\n" +" if not directory:\n" +" directory = '.'\n" +" # Create the message\n" +" msg = EmailMessage()\n" +" msg['Subject'] = f'Contents of directory {os.path.abspath(directory)}'\n" +" msg['To'] = ', '.join(args.recipients)\n" +" msg['From'] = args.sender\n" +" msg.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\\n'\n" +"\n" +" for filename in os.listdir(directory):\n" +" path = os.path.join(directory, filename)\n" +" if not os.path.isfile(path):\n" +" continue\n" +" # Guess the content type based on the file's extension. Encoding\n" +" # will be ignored, although we should check for simple things like\n" +" # gzip'd or compressed files.\n" +" ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_file_type(path)\n" +" if ctype is None or encoding is not None:\n" +" # No guess could be made, or the file is encoded (compressed), so\n" +" # use a generic bag-of-bits type.\n" +" ctype = 'application/octet-stream'\n" +" maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1)\n" +" with open(path, 'rb') as fp:\n" +" msg.add_attachment(fp.read(),\n" +" maintype=maintype,\n" +" subtype=subtype,\n" +" filename=filename)\n" +" # Now send or store the message\n" +" if args.output:\n" +" with open(args.output, 'wb') as fp:\n" +" fp.write(msg.as_bytes(policy=SMTP))\n" +" else:\n" +" with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s:\n" +" s.send_message(msg)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()\n" +msgstr "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"将目录的内容作为 MIME 消息来发送。\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"import os\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"# 用于根据文件扩展名来猜测 MIME 类型\n" +"import mimetypes\n" +"\n" +"from argparse import ArgumentParser\n" +"\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"from email.policy import SMTP\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" parser = ArgumentParser(description=\"\"\"\\\n" +"Send the contents of a directory as a MIME message.\n" +"Unless the -o option is given, the email is sent by forwarding to your local\n" +"SMTP server, which then does the normal delivery process. Your local machine\n" +"must be running an SMTP server.\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-d', '--directory',\n" +" help=\"\"\"Mail the contents of the specified directory,\n" +" otherwise use the current directory. Only the regular\n" +" files in the directory are sent, and we don't recurse to\n" +" subdirectories.\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-o', '--output',\n" +" metavar='FILE',\n" +" help=\"\"\"Print the composed message to FILE instead of\n" +" sending the message to the SMTP server.\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-s', '--sender', required=True,\n" +" help='The value of the From: header (required)')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-r', '--recipient', required=True,\n" +" action='append', metavar='RECIPIENT',\n" +" default=[], dest='recipients',\n" +" help='A To: header value (at least one required)')\n" +" args = parser.parse_args()\n" +" directory = args.directory\n" +" if not directory:\n" +" directory = '.'\n" +" # 创建消息\n" +" msg = EmailMessage()\n" +" msg['Subject'] = f'Contents of directory {os.path.abspath(directory)}'\n" +" msg['To'] = ', '.join(args.recipients)\n" +" msg['From'] = args.sender\n" +" msg.preamble = 'You will not see this in a MIME-aware mail reader.\\n'\n" +"\n" +" for filename in os.listdir(directory):\n" +" path = os.path.join(directory, filename)\n" +" if not os.path.isfile(path):\n" +" continue\n" +" # 根据文件扩展名来猜测内容类型。\n" +" # 编码格式将被忽略，不过我们应当检查某些简单事务\n" +" # 例如是否为 gzip 或压缩文件。\n" +" ctype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_file_type(path)\n" +" if ctype is None or encoding is not None:\n" +" # 不可以猜测，或者文件已被编码（压缩），\n" +" # 因此我们使用基本的比特位数据类型。\n" +" ctype = 'application/octet-stream'\n" +" maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1)\n" +" with open(path, 'rb') as fp:\n" +" msg.add_attachment(fp.read(),\n" +" maintype=maintype,\n" +" subtype=subtype,\n" +" filename=filename)\n" +" # 现在执行消息发送或存储\n" +" if args.output:\n" +" with open(args.output, 'wb') as fp:\n" +" fp.write(msg.as_bytes(policy=SMTP))\n" +" else:\n" +" with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s:\n" +" s.send_message(msg)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:33 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of how to unpack a MIME message like the one above, into a" +" directory of files:" +msgstr "以下是如何将上述MIME消息解压缩到文件目录中的示例：" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:36 +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"import os\n" +"import email\n" +"import mimetypes\n" +"\n" +"from email.policy import default\n" +"\n" +"from argparse import ArgumentParser\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" parser = ArgumentParser(description=\"\"\"\\\n" +"Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files.\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-d', '--directory', required=True,\n" +" help=\"\"\"Unpack the MIME message into the named\n" +" directory, which will be created if it doesn't already\n" +" exist.\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('msgfile')\n" +" args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"\n" +" with open(args.msgfile, 'rb') as fp:\n" +" msg = email.message_from_binary_file(fp, policy=default)\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" os.mkdir(args.directory)\n" +" except FileExistsError:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" counter = 1\n" +" for part in msg.walk():\n" +" # multipart/* are just containers\n" +" if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':\n" +" continue\n" +" # Applications should really sanitize the given filename so that an\n" +" # email message can't be used to overwrite important files\n" +" filename = part.get_filename()\n" +" if not filename:\n" +" ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(part.get_content_type())\n" +" if not ext:\n" +" # Use a generic bag-of-bits extension\n" +" ext = '.bin'\n" +" filename = f'part-{counter:03d}{ext}'\n" +" counter += 1\n" +" with open(os.path.join(args.directory, filename), 'wb') as fp:\n" +" fp.write(part.get_payload(decode=True))\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()\n" +msgstr "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"\n" +"\"\"\"将 MIME 消息解包到一个文件目录中。\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"import os\n" +"import email\n" +"import mimetypes\n" +"\n" +"from email.policy import default\n" +"\n" +"from argparse import ArgumentParser\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" parser = ArgumentParser(description=\"\"\"\\\n" +"Unpack a MIME message into a directory of files.\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('-d', '--directory', required=True,\n" +" help=\"\"\"Unpack the MIME message into the named\n" +" directory, which will be created if it doesn't already\n" +" exist.\"\"\")\n" +" parser.add_argument('msgfile')\n" +" args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"\n" +" with open(args.msgfile, 'rb') as fp:\n" +" msg = email.message_from_binary_file(fp, policy=default)\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" os.mkdir(args.directory)\n" +" except FileExistsError:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" counter = 1\n" +" for part in msg.walk():\n" +" # multipart/* 只是一些容器\n" +" if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':\n" +" continue\n" +" # 应用程序真的应该对所给文件名做无害化处理\n" +" # 以保证 email 消息不能被用来覆盖重要的文件\n" +" filename = part.get_filename()\n" +" if not filename:\n" +" ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(part.get_content_type())\n" +" if not ext:\n" +" # Use a generic bag-of-bits extension\n" +" ext = '.bin'\n" +" filename = f'part-{counter:03d}{ext}'\n" +" counter += 1\n" +" with open(os.path.join(args.directory, filename), 'wb') as fp:\n" +" fp.write(part.get_payload(decode=True))\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of how to create an HTML message with an alternative plain" +" text version. To make things a bit more interesting, we include a related " +"image in the html part, and we save a copy of what we are going to send to " +"disk, as well as sending it." +msgstr "" +"以下是如何使用备用纯文本版本创建 HTML 消息的示例。 为了让事情变得更有趣，我们在 html " +"部分中包含了一个相关的图像，我们保存了一份我们要发送的内容到硬盘中，然后发送它。" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:44 +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"from email.headerregistry import Address\n" +"from email.utils import make_msgid\n" +"\n" +"# Create the base text message.\n" +"msg = EmailMessage()\n" +"msg['Subject'] = \"Pourquoi pas des asperges pour ce midi ?\"\n" +"msg['From'] = Address(\"Pepé Le Pew\", \"pepe\", \"example.com\")\n" +"msg['To'] = (Address(\"Penelope Pussycat\", \"penelope\", \"example.com\"),\n" +" Address(\"Fabrette Pussycat\", \"fabrette\", \"example.com\"))\n" +"msg.set_content(\"\"\"\\\n" +"Salut!\n" +"\n" +"Cette recette [1] sera sûrement un très bon repas.\n" +"\n" +"[1] http://www.yummly.com/recipe/Roasted-Asparagus-Epicurious-203718\n" +"\n" +"--Pepé\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +"\n" +"# Add the html version. This converts the message into a multipart/alternative\n" +"# container, with the original text message as the first part and the new html\n" +"# message as the second part.\n" +"asparagus_cid = make_msgid()\n" +"msg.add_alternative(\"\"\"\\\n" +"\n" +" \n" +" \n" +"

Salut!

\n" +"

Cette\n" +" \n" +" recette\n" +" sera sûrement un très bon repas.\n" +"

\n" +" \n" +" \n" +"\n" +"\"\"\".format(asparagus_cid=asparagus_cid[1:-1]), subtype='html')\n" +"# note that we needed to peel the <> off the msgid for use in the html.\n" +"\n" +"# Now add the related image to the html part.\n" +"with open(\"roasted-asparagus.jpg\", 'rb') as img:\n" +" msg.get_payload()[1].add_related(img.read(), 'image', 'jpeg',\n" +" cid=asparagus_cid)\n" +"\n" +"# Make a local copy of what we are going to send.\n" +"with open('outgoing.msg', 'wb') as f:\n" +" f.write(bytes(msg))\n" +"\n" +"# Send the message via local SMTP server.\n" +"with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s:\n" +" s.send_message(msg)\n" +msgstr "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"\n" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"from email.headerregistry import Address\n" +"from email.utils import make_msgid\n" +"\n" +"# 创建基本的文本消息。\n" +"msg = EmailMessage()\n" +"msg['Subject'] = \"Pourquoi pas des asperges pour ce midi ?\"\n" +"msg['From'] = Address(\"Pepé Le Pew\", \"pepe\", \"example.com\")\n" +"msg['To'] = (Address(\"Penelope Pussycat\", \"penelope\", \"example.com\"),\n" +" Address(\"Fabrette Pussycat\", \"fabrette\", \"example.com\"))\n" +"msg.set_content(\"\"\"\\\n" +"Salut!\n" +"\n" +"Cette recette [1] sera sûrement un très bon repas.\n" +"\n" +"[1] http://www.yummly.com/recipe/Roasted-Asparagus-Epicurious-203718\n" +"\n" +"--Pepé\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +"\n" +"# 增加 html 版本。 这会将消息转换为一个 multipart/alternative 容器，\n" +"# 原始文本消息作为第一部分而新的 html 消息作为第二部分。\n" +"asparagus_cid = make_msgid()\n" +"msg.add_alternative(\"\"\"\\\n" +"\n" +" \n" +" \n" +"

Salut!

\n" +"

Cette\n" +" \n" +" recette\n" +" sera sûrement un très bon repas.\n" +"

\n" +" \n" +" \n" +"\n" +"\"\"\".format(asparagus_cid=asparagus_cid[1:-1]), subtype='html')\n" +"# 请注意我们需要将 <> 从 msgid 中去掉以便在 html 中使用。\n" +"\n" +"# 现在添加相关图像到 html 部分中。\n" +"with open(\"roasted-asparagus.jpg\", 'rb') as img:\n" +" msg.get_payload()[1].add_related(img.read(), 'image', 'jpeg',\n" +" cid=asparagus_cid)\n" +"\n" +"# 创建我们将要发送的内容的本地副本。\n" +"with open('outgoing.msg', 'wb') as f:\n" +" f.write(bytes(msg))\n" +"\n" +"# 通过本地 SMTP 服务器发送消息。\n" +"with smtplib.SMTP('localhost') as s:\n" +" s.send_message(msg)\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:47 +msgid "" +"If we were sent the message from the last example, here is one way we could " +"process it:" +msgstr "如果我们发送最后一个示例中的消息，这是我们可以处理它的一种方法：" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:50 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"import sys\n" +"import tempfile\n" +"import mimetypes\n" +"import webbrowser\n" +"\n" +"# Import the email modules we'll need\n" +"from email import policy\n" +"from email.parser import BytesParser\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def magic_html_parser(html_text, partfiles):\n" +" \"\"\"Return safety-sanitized html linked to partfiles.\n" +"\n" +" Rewrite the href=\"cid:....\" attributes to point to the filenames in partfiles.\n" +" Though not trivial, this should be possible using html.parser.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" raise NotImplementedError(\"Add the magic needed\")\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# In a real program you'd get the filename from the arguments.\n" +"with open('outgoing.msg', 'rb') as fp:\n" +" msg = BytesParser(policy=policy.default).parse(fp)\n" +"\n" +"# Now the header items can be accessed as a dictionary, and any non-ASCII will\n" +"# be converted to unicode:\n" +"print('To:', msg['to'])\n" +"print('From:', msg['from'])\n" +"print('Subject:', msg['subject'])\n" +"\n" +"# If we want to print a preview of the message content, we can extract whatever\n" +"# the least formatted payload is and print the first three lines. Of course,\n" +"# if the message has no plain text part printing the first three lines of html\n" +"# is probably useless, but this is just a conceptual example.\n" +"simplest = msg.get_body(preferencelist=('plain', 'html'))\n" +"print()\n" +"print(''.join(simplest.get_content().splitlines(keepends=True)[:3]))\n" +"\n" +"ans = input(\"View full message?\")\n" +"if ans.lower()[0] == 'n':\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +"\n" +"# We can extract the richest alternative in order to display it:\n" +"richest = msg.get_body()\n" +"partfiles = {}\n" +"if richest['content-type'].maintype == 'text':\n" +" if richest['content-type'].subtype == 'plain':\n" +" for line in richest.get_content().splitlines():\n" +" print(line)\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +" elif richest['content-type'].subtype == 'html':\n" +" body = richest\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"Don't know how to display {}\".format(richest.get_content_type()))\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +"elif richest['content-type'].content_type == 'multipart/related':\n" +" body = richest.get_body(preferencelist=('html'))\n" +" for part in richest.iter_attachments():\n" +" fn = part.get_filename()\n" +" if fn:\n" +" extension = os.path.splitext(part.get_filename())[1]\n" +" else:\n" +" extension = mimetypes.guess_extension(part.get_content_type())\n" +" with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=extension, delete=False) as f:\n" +" f.write(part.get_content())\n" +" # again strip the <> to go from email form of cid to html form.\n" +" partfiles[part['content-id'][1:-1]] = f.name\n" +"else:\n" +" print(\"Don't know how to display {}\".format(richest.get_content_type()))\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +"with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False) as f:\n" +" f.write(magic_html_parser(body.get_content(), partfiles))\n" +"webbrowser.open(f.name)\n" +"os.remove(f.name)\n" +"for fn in partfiles.values():\n" +" os.remove(fn)\n" +"\n" +"# Of course, there are lots of email messages that could break this simple\n" +"# minded program, but it will handle the most common ones.\n" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"import sys\n" +"import tempfile\n" +"import mimetypes\n" +"import webbrowser\n" +"\n" +"# 导入我们需要的 email 模块\n" +"from email import policy\n" +"from email.parser import BytesParser\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def magic_html_parser(html_text, partfiles):\n" +" \"\"\"返回链接到 partfiles 的经安全性处理的 html。\n" +"\n" +" 重写 href=\"cid:....\" 属性以指向 partfiles 中的文件名。\n" +" 虽然并非琐碎，这应可使用 html.parser 来实现。\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" raise NotImplementedError(\"Add the magic needed\")\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# 在真正的程序中你将从参数中获得文件名。\n" +"with open('outgoing.msg', 'rb') as fp:\n" +" msg = BytesParser(policy=policy.default).parse(fp)\n" +"\n" +"# 现在可通过字典形式访问标头条目，并且任何非 ASCII 内容\n" +"# 都将被转换为 unicode：\n" +"print('To:', msg['to'])\n" +"print('From:', msg['from'])\n" +"print('Subject:', msg['subject'])\n" +"\n" +"# 如果我们想要打印消息内容的预览，可以提取\n" +"# 未经格式化的载荷并打印其中前三行。 当然，\n" +"# 如果消息没有纯文本部分则打印 html 的前三行\n" +"# 可能是无用的，但这只是个概念性的示例。\n" +"simplest = msg.get_body(preferencelist=('plain', 'html'))\n" +"print()\n" +"print(''.join(simplest.get_content().splitlines(keepends=True)[:3]))\n" +"\n" +"ans = input(\"View full message?\")\n" +"if ans.lower()[0] == 'n':\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +"\n" +"# 我们可以提取最丰富的替代项用于显示：\n" +"richest = msg.get_body()\n" +"partfiles = {}\n" +"if richest['content-type'].maintype == 'text':\n" +" if richest['content-type'].subtype == 'plain':\n" +" for line in richest.get_content().splitlines():\n" +" print(line)\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +" elif richest['content-type'].subtype == 'html':\n" +" body = richest\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"Don't know how to display {}\".format(richest.get_content_type()))\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +"elif richest['content-type'].content_type == 'multipart/related':\n" +" body = richest.get_body(preferencelist=('html'))\n" +" for part in richest.iter_attachments():\n" +" fn = part.get_filename()\n" +" if fn:\n" +" extension = os.path.splitext(part.get_filename())[1]\n" +" else:\n" +" extension = mimetypes.guess_extension(part.get_content_type())\n" +" with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=extension, delete=False) as f:\n" +" f.write(part.get_content())\n" +" # 再次去除 <> 以将 cid 的 email 形式转为 html 形式。\n" +" partfiles[part['content-id'][1:-1]] = f.name\n" +"else:\n" +" print(\"Don't know how to display {}\".format(richest.get_content_type()))\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +"with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False) as f:\n" +" f.write(magic_html_parser(body.get_content(), partfiles))\n" +"webbrowser.open(f.name)\n" +"os.remove(f.name)\n" +"for fn in partfiles.values():\n" +" os.remove(fn)\n" +"\n" +"# 当然，许多 email 消息都有可能破坏这个简单的程序，\n" +"# 但它将能处理最普通的消息。\n" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:52 +msgid "Up to the prompt, the output from the above is:" +msgstr "直到输出提示，上面的输出是：" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:54 +msgid "" +"To: Penelope Pussycat , Fabrette Pussycat \n" +"From: Pepé Le Pew \n" +"Subject: Pourquoi pas des asperges pour ce midi ?\n" +"\n" +"Salut!\n" +"\n" +"Cette recette [1] sera sûrement un très bon repas." +msgstr "" +"To: Penelope Pussycat , Fabrette Pussycat \n" +"From: Pepé Le Pew \n" +"Subject: Pourquoi pas des asperges pour ce midi ?\n" +"\n" +"Salut!\n" +"\n" +"Cette recette [1] sera sûrement un très bon repas." + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:66 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.examples.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Thanks to Matthew Dixon Cowles for the original inspiration and examples." +msgstr "感谢 Matthew Dixon Cowles 提供最初的灵感和示例。" diff --git a/library/email.generator.po b/library/email.generator.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df1a55c00 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.generator.po @@ -0,0 +1,415 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Kevin Deng , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.generator`: Generating MIME documents" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.generator`: 生成 MIME 文档" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/generator.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/generator.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:11 +msgid "" +"One of the most common tasks is to generate the flat (serialized) version of" +" the email message represented by a message object structure. You will need" +" to do this if you want to send your message via " +":meth:`smtplib.SMTP.sendmail`, or print the message on the console. Taking " +"a message object structure and producing a serialized representation is the " +"job of the generator classes." +msgstr "" +"最常见的任务之一是生成由消息对象结构体表示的电子消息消息的展平（序列化）版本。 如果你想通过 :meth:`smtplib.SMTP.sendmail`" +" 来发送你的消息或是将消息打印到控制台就会需要这样做。 接受一个消息对象结构体并生成其序列化表示就是这些生成器类的工作。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:18 +msgid "" +"As with the :mod:`email.parser` module, you aren't limited to the " +"functionality of the bundled generator; you could write one from scratch " +"yourself. However the bundled generator knows how to generate most email in" +" a standards-compliant way, should handle MIME and non-MIME email messages " +"just fine, and is designed so that the bytes-oriented parsing and generation" +" operations are inverses, assuming the same non-transforming " +":mod:`~email.policy` is used for both. That is, parsing the serialized byte" +" stream via the :class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` class and then " +"regenerating the serialized byte stream using :class:`BytesGenerator` should" +" produce output identical to the input [#]_. (On the other hand, using the " +"generator on an :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` constructed by program " +"may result in changes to the :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` object as " +"defaults are filled in.)" +msgstr "" +"与 :mod:`email.parser` 模块一样，你并不会受限于已捆绑生成器的功能；你可以自己从头写一个。 " +"不过，已捆绑生成器知道如何以符合标准的方式来生成大多数电子邮件，应该能够很好地处理 MIME 和非 MIME " +"电子邮件消息，并且被设计为面向字节的解析和生成操作是互逆的，它假定两者都使用同样的非转换型 :mod:`~email.policy`。 也就是说，通过 " +":class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` 类来解析序列化字节流然后再使用 :class:`BytesGenerator` " +"来重新生成序列化字节流应当得到与输入相同的结果 [#]_。 （而另一方面，在由程序所构造的 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 上使用生成器可能导致对默认填入的 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 对象的改变。。）" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:32 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Generator` class can be used to flatten a message into a text " +"(as opposed to binary) serialized representation, but since Unicode cannot " +"represent binary data directly, the message is of necessity transformed into" +" something that contains only ASCII characters, using the standard email RFC" +" Content Transfer Encoding techniques for encoding email messages for " +"transport over channels that are not \"8 bit clean\"." +msgstr "" +"可以使用 :class:`Generator` 类将消息扁平化为文本（而非二进制数据）的序列化表示形式，但是由于 Unicode " +"无法直接表示二进制数据，因此消息有必要被转换为仅包含 ASCII 字符的数据，这将使用标准电子邮件 RFC " +"内容传输编码格式技术来编码电子邮件消息以便通过非 “8 比特位兼容”的信道来传输。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:39 +msgid "" +"To accommodate reproducible processing of SMIME-signed messages " +":class:`Generator` disables header folding for message parts of type " +"``multipart/signed`` and all subparts." +msgstr "" +"为了适应 SMIME 签名消息的可重现处理过程，:class:`Generator` 禁用了针对 ``multipart/signed`` " +"类型的消息部分及所有子部分的标头折叠。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`BytesGenerator` object that will write any message provided" +" to the :meth:`flatten` method, or any surrogateescape encoded text provided" +" to the :meth:`write` method, to the :term:`file-like object` *outfp*. " +"*outfp* must support a ``write`` method that accepts binary data." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`BytesGenerator` 对象，该对象将把提供给 :meth:`flatten` 方法的任何消息或者提供给 " +":meth:`write` 方法的任何经过代理转义编码的文本写入到 :term:`file-like object` *outfp*。 *outfp* " +"必须支持接受二进制数据的 ``write`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:52 ../../library/email.generator.rst:153 +msgid "" +"If optional *mangle_from_* is ``True``, put a ``>`` character in front of " +"any line in the body that starts with the exact string ``\"From \"``, that " +"is ``From`` followed by a space at the beginning of a line. *mangle_from_* " +"defaults to the value of the :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.mangle_from_` " +"setting of the *policy* (which is ``True`` for the " +":data:`~email.policy.compat32` policy and ``False`` for all others). " +"*mangle_from_* is intended for use when messages are stored in Unix mbox " +"format (see :mod:`mailbox` and `WHY THE CONTENT-LENGTH FORMAT IS BAD " +"`_)." +msgstr "" +"如果可选的 *mangle_from_* 为 ``True``，则会将一个 ``>`` 字符放到消息体中恰好以字符串 ``\"From \"`` " +"打头，即开头文本为 ``From`` 加一个空格的任何行的前面。 *mangle_from_* 默认为 *policy* 的 " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.mangle_from_` 设置值 (对于 " +":data:`~email.policy.compat32` 策略为 ``True`` 而对于所有其他策略则为 ``False``)。 " +"*mangle_from_* 被设计为在当消息以 Unix mbox 格式存储时使用 (参见 :mod:`mailbox` 和 `WHY THE " +"CONTENT-LENGTH FORMAT IS BAD `_)。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:62 ../../library/email.generator.rst:163 +msgid "" +"If *maxheaderlen* is not ``None``, refold any header lines that are longer " +"than *maxheaderlen*, or if ``0``, do not rewrap any headers. If " +"*manheaderlen* is ``None`` (the default), wrap headers and other message " +"lines according to the *policy* settings." +msgstr "" +"如果 *maxheaderlen* 不为 ``None``，则重新折叠任何长于 *maxheaderlen* 的标头行，或者如果为 " +"``0``，则不重新包装任何标头。 如果 *manheaderlen* 为 ``None`` (默认值)，则根据 *policy* " +"设置包装标头和其他消息行。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:67 ../../library/email.generator.rst:168 +msgid "" +"If *policy* is specified, use that policy to control message generation. If" +" *policy* is ``None`` (the default), use the policy associated with the " +":class:`~email.message.Message` or :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` " +"object passed to ``flatten`` to control the message generation. See " +":mod:`email.policy` for details on what *policy* controls." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *policy*，则使用该策略来控制消息的生成。 如果 *policy* 为 ``None`` (默认值)，则使用与传递给 " +"``flatten`` 的 :class:`~email.message.Message` 或 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 对象相关联的策略来控制消息的生成。 请参阅 " +":mod:`email.policy` 了解有关 *policy* 所控制内容的详情。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:75 ../../library/email.generator.rst:174 +msgid "Added the *policy* keyword." +msgstr "添加了 *policy* 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:77 ../../library/email.generator.rst:176 +msgid "" +"The default behavior of the *mangle_from_* and *maxheaderlen* parameters is " +"to follow the policy." +msgstr "*mangle_from_* 和 *maxheaderlen* 形参的默认行为是遵循策略。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Print the textual representation of the message object structure rooted at " +"*msg* to the output file specified when the :class:`BytesGenerator` instance" +" was created." +msgstr "将将以 *msg* 为根的消息对象结构体的文本表示形式打印到创建 :class:`BytesGenerator` 实例时指定的输出文件。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:87 +msgid "" +"If the :mod:`~email.policy` option :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.cte_type` is " +"``8bit`` (the default), copy any headers in the original parsed message that" +" have not been modified to the output with any bytes with the high bit set " +"reproduced as in the original, and preserve the non-ASCII " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` of any body parts that have them. If" +" ``cte_type`` is ``7bit``, convert the bytes with the high bit set as needed" +" using an ASCII-compatible :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`. That is," +" transform parts with non-ASCII :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` " +"(:mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit`) to an ASCII compatible " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`, and encode RFC-invalid non-ASCII " +"bytes in headers using the MIME ``unknown-8bit`` character set, thus " +"rendering them RFC-compliant." +msgstr "" +"如果 :mod:`~email.policy` 选项 :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.cte_type` 为 ``8bit`` " +"(默认值)，则会将未被修改的原始已解析消息中的任何标头拷贝到输出，其中会重新生成与原始数据相同的高比特位组字节数据，并保留具有它们的任何消息体部分的非 " +"ASCII :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`。 如果 ``cte_type`` 为 " +"``7bit``，则会根据需要使用兼容 ASCII 的 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` " +"来转换高比特位组字节数据。 也就是说，将具有非 ASCII :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` " +"(:mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit`) 的部分转换为兼容 ASCII 的 " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`，并使用 MIME ``unknown-8bit`` " +"字符集来编码标头中不符合 RFC 的非 ASCII 字节数据，以使其符合 RFC。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:104 ../../library/email.generator.rst:197 +msgid "" +"If *unixfrom* is ``True``, print the envelope header delimiter used by the " +"Unix mailbox format (see :mod:`mailbox`) before the first of the :rfc:`5322`" +" headers of the root message object. If the root object has no envelope " +"header, craft a standard one. The default is ``False``. Note that for " +"subparts, no envelope header is ever printed." +msgstr "" +"如果 *unixfrom* 为 ``True``，则会在根消息对象的第一个 :rfc:`5322` 标头之前打印 Unix mailbox 格式 (参见" +" :mod:`mailbox`) 所使用的封包标头分隔符。 如果根对象没有封包标头，则会创建一个标准标头。 默认值为 ``False``。 " +"请注意对于子部分来说，不会打印任何封包标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:110 ../../library/email.generator.rst:203 +msgid "" +"If *linesep* is not ``None``, use it as the separator character between all " +"the lines of the flattened message. If *linesep* is ``None`` (the default)," +" use the value specified in the *policy*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *linesep* 不为 ``None``，则会将其用作扁平化消息的所有行之间的分隔符。 如果 *linesep* 为 ``None`` " +"(默认值)，则使用在 *policy* 中指定的值。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Return an independent clone of this :class:`BytesGenerator` instance with " +"the exact same option settings, and *fp* as the new *outfp*." +msgstr "返回此 :class:`BytesGenerator` 实例的独立克隆，具有完全相同的选项设置，而 *fp* 为新的 *outfp*。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Encode *s* using the ``ASCII`` codec and the ``surrogateescape`` error " +"handler, and pass it to the *write* method of the *outfp* passed to the " +":class:`BytesGenerator`'s constructor." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``ASCII`` 编解码器和 ``surrogateescape`` 错误处理程序编码 *s*，并将其传递给传入到 " +":class:`BytesGenerator` 的构造器的 *outfp* 的 *write* 方法 。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:130 +msgid "" +"As a convenience, :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` provides the methods " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.as_bytes` and ``bytes(aMessage)`` (a.k.a." +" :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.__bytes__`), which simplify the " +"generation of a serialized binary representation of a message object. For " +"more detail, see :mod:`email.message`." +msgstr "" +"作为一个便捷工具，:class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 提供了 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.as_bytes` 和 ``bytes(aMessage)`` (即 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.__bytes__`) 等方法，它们简单地生成一个消息对象的序列化二进制表示形式。" +" 更多细节请参阅 :mod:`email.message`。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Because strings cannot represent binary data, the :class:`Generator` class " +"must convert any binary data in any message it flattens to an ASCII " +"compatible format, by converting them to an ASCII compatible " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer_Encoding`. Using the terminology of the email" +" RFCs, you can think of this as :class:`Generator` serializing to an I/O " +"stream that is not \"8 bit clean\". In other words, most applications will " +"want to be using :class:`BytesGenerator`, and not :class:`Generator`." +msgstr "" +"因为字符串无法表示二进制数据，:class:`Generator` 类必须将任何消息中扁平化的任何二进制数据转换为兼容 ASCII " +"的格式，具体将其转换为兼容 ASCII 的 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer_Encoding`。 使用电子邮件 RFC " +"的术语，你可以将其视作 :class:`Generator` 序列化为不 \"支持 8 比特\" 的 I/O 流。 换句话说，大部分应用程序将需要使用 " +":class:`BytesGenerator`，而非 :class:`Generator`。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`Generator` object that will write any message provided to " +"the :meth:`flatten` method, or any text provided to the :meth:`write` " +"method, to the :term:`file-like object` *outfp*. *outfp* must support a " +"``write`` method that accepts string data." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`Generator`，它将把提供给 :meth:`flatten` 方法的任何消息，或者提供给 :meth:`write` " +"方法的任何文本写入到 :term:`file-like object` *outfp*。 *outfp* 必须支持接受字符串数据的 ``write`` " +"方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Print the textual representation of the message object structure rooted at " +"*msg* to the output file specified when the :class:`Generator` instance was " +"created." +msgstr "将以 *msg* 为根的消息对象结构体的文本表示形式打印到当 :class:`Generator` 实例被创建时所指定的输出文件。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:186 +msgid "" +"If the :mod:`~email.policy` option :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.cte_type` is " +"``8bit``, generate the message as if the option were set to ``7bit``. (This " +"is required because strings cannot represent non-ASCII bytes.) Convert any " +"bytes with the high bit set as needed using an ASCII-compatible " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`. That is, transform parts with non-" +"ASCII :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` (:mailheader:`Content-" +"Transfer-Encoding: 8bit`) to an ASCII compatible :mailheader:`Content-" +"Transfer-Encoding`, and encode RFC-invalid non-ASCII bytes in headers using " +"the MIME ``unknown-8bit`` character set, thus rendering them RFC-compliant." +msgstr "" +"如果 :mod:`~email.policy` 选项 :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.cte_type` 为 " +"``8bit``，则视同选项被设为 ``7bit`` 来生成消息。 （这是必需的，因为字符串无法表示非 ASCII 字节数据。） 将使用兼容 ASCII" +" 的 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 按需转换任何具有高比特位组的字节数据。 也就是说，将具有非 " +"ASCII :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` (:mailheader:`Content-" +"Transfer-Encoding: 8bit`) 的部分转换为兼容 ASCII 的 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-" +"Encoding`，并使用 MIME ``unknown-8bit`` 字符集来编码标头中不符合 RFC 的非 ASCII 字节数据，以使其符合 " +"RFC。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Added support for re-encoding ``8bit`` message bodies, and the *linesep* " +"argument." +msgstr "添加了对重编码 ``8bit`` 消息体的支持，以及 *linesep* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Return an independent clone of this :class:`Generator` instance with the " +"exact same options, and *fp* as the new *outfp*." +msgstr "返回此 :class:`Generator` 实例的独立克隆，具有完全相同的选项设置，而 *fp* 为新的 *outfp*。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Write *s* to the *write* method of the *outfp* passed to the " +":class:`Generator`'s constructor. This provides just enough file-like API " +"for :class:`Generator` instances to be used in the :func:`print` function." +msgstr "" +"将 *s* 写入到传给 :class:`Generator` 的构造器的 *outfp* 的 *write* 方法。 这足够为 " +":class:`Generator` 实际提供可用于 :func:`print` 函数的文件类 API。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:228 +msgid "" +"As a convenience, :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` provides the methods " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.as_string` and ``str(aMessage)`` (a.k.a. " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.__str__`), which simplify the generation " +"of a formatted string representation of a message object. For more detail, " +"see :mod:`email.message`." +msgstr "" +"作为一个便捷工具，:class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 提供了 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.as_string` 和 ``str(aMessage)`` (即 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.__str__`) 等方法，它们简单地生成一个消息对象的已格式化字符串表示形式。 " +"更多细节请参阅 :mod:`email.message`。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:235 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email.generator` module also provides a derived class, " +":class:`DecodedGenerator`, which is like the :class:`Generator` base class, " +"except that non-\\ :mimetype:`text` parts are not serialized, but are " +"instead represented in the output stream by a string derived from a template" +" filled in with information about the part." +msgstr "" +":mod:`email.generator` 模块还提供了一个派生类 :class:`DecodedGenerator`，它类似于 " +":class:`Generator` 基类，不同之处在于非 :mimetype:`text` 部分不会被序列化，而是被表示为 " +"基于模板并填写了有关该部分的信息的字符串输出流的形式。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Act like :class:`Generator`, except that for any subpart of the message " +"passed to :meth:`Generator.flatten`, if the subpart is of main type " +":mimetype:`text`, print the decoded payload of the subpart, and if the main " +"type is not :mimetype:`text`, instead of printing it fill in the string " +"*fmt* using information from the part and print the resulting filled-in " +"string." +msgstr "" +"行为类似于 :class:`Generator`，不同之处在于对传给 :meth:`Generator.flatten` " +"的消息的任何子部分，如果该子部分的主类型为 :mimetype:`text`，则打印该子部分的已解码载荷，而如果其主类型不为 " +":mimetype:`text`，则不直接打印它而是使用来自该部分的信息填入字符串 *fmt* 并将填写完成的字符串打印出来。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:251 +msgid "" +"To fill in *fmt*, execute ``fmt % part_info``, where ``part_info`` is a " +"dictionary composed of the following keys and values:" +msgstr "要填入 *fmt*，则执行 ``fmt % part_info``，其中 ``part_info`` 是由下列键和值组成的字典:" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:254 +msgid "``type`` -- Full MIME type of the non-\\ :mimetype:`text` part" +msgstr "``type`` -- 非 :mimetype:`text` 部分的完整 MIME 类型" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:256 +msgid "``maintype`` -- Main MIME type of the non-\\ :mimetype:`text` part" +msgstr "``maintype`` -- 非 :mimetype:`text` 部分的主 MIME 类型" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:258 +msgid "``subtype`` -- Sub-MIME type of the non-\\ :mimetype:`text` part" +msgstr "``subtype`` -- 非 :mimetype:`text` 部分的子 MIME 类型" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:260 +msgid "``filename`` -- Filename of the non-\\ :mimetype:`text` part" +msgstr "``filename`` -- 非 :mimetype:`text` 部分的文件名" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:262 +msgid "" +"``description`` -- Description associated with the non-\\ :mimetype:`text` " +"part" +msgstr "``description`` -- 与非 :mimetype:`text` 部分相关联的描述" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:264 +msgid "" +"``encoding`` -- Content transfer encoding of the non-\\ :mimetype:`text` " +"part" +msgstr "``encoding`` -- 非 :mimetype:`text` 部分的内容转换编码格式" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:266 +msgid "If *fmt* is ``None``, use the following default *fmt*:" +msgstr "如果 *fmt* 为 ``None``，则使用下列默认 *fmt*:" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:268 +msgid "\"[Non-text (%(type)s) part of message omitted, filename %(filename)s]\"" +msgstr "\"[忽略消息的非文本 (%(type)s) 部分，文件名 %(filename)s]\"" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Optional *_mangle_from_* and *maxheaderlen* are as with the " +":class:`Generator` base class." +msgstr "可选的 *_mangle_from_* 和 *maxheaderlen* 与 :class:`Generator` 基类的相同。" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:275 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.generator.rst:276 +msgid "" +"This statement assumes that you use the appropriate setting for " +"``unixfrom``, and that there are no :mod:`email.policy` settings calling for" +" automatic adjustments (for example, " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.refold_source` must be ``none``, which is " +"*not* the default). It is also not 100% true, since if the message does not" +" conform to the RFC standards occasionally information about the exact " +"original text is lost during parsing error recovery. It is a goal to fix " +"these latter edge cases when possible." +msgstr "" +"此语句假定你使用了正确的 ``unixfrom`` 设置，并且没有针对自动调整的 :mod:`email.policy` " +"设置调用（例如，:attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.refold_source` 必须为 ``none``，这 *不是* " +"默认值）。 这也不是 100% 为真的，因为如果消息不遵循 RFC 标准则有时实际原始文本的信息会在解析错误恢复时丢失。 " +"它的目标是在可能的情况下修复这些后续的边缘情况。" diff --git a/library/email.header.po b/library/email.header.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..20265c55f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.header.po @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.header`: Internationalized headers" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.header`: 国际化标头" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/header.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/header.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module is part of the legacy (``Compat32``) email API. In the current " +"API encoding and decoding of headers is handled transparently by the " +"dictionary-like API of the :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` class. In " +"addition to uses in legacy code, this module can be useful in applications " +"that need to completely control the character sets used when encoding " +"headers." +msgstr "" +"此模块是旧式 (``Compat32``) email API 的一部分。 在当前的 API 中标头的编码和解码是由 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 类的字典型 API 来透明地处理的。 " +"除了在旧有代码中使用，此模块在需要完全控制当编码标头时所使用的字符集时也很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The remaining text in this section is the original documentation of the " +"module." +msgstr "本节中的其余文本是此模块的原始文档。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:19 +msgid "" +":rfc:`2822` is the base standard that describes the format of email " +"messages. It derives from the older :rfc:`822` standard which came into " +"widespread use at a time when most email was composed of ASCII characters " +"only. :rfc:`2822` is a specification written assuming email contains only " +"7-bit ASCII characters." +msgstr "" +":rfc:`2822` 是描述电子邮件消息格式的基础标准。 它派生自更早的 :rfc:`822` 标准，该标准在大多数电子邮件仅由 ASCII " +"字符组成时已被广泛使用。 :rfc:`2822` 所描述的规范假定电子邮件都只包含 7 位 ASCII 字符。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Of course, as email has been deployed worldwide, it has become " +"internationalized, such that language specific character sets can now be " +"used in email messages. The base standard still requires email messages to " +"be transferred using only 7-bit ASCII characters, so a slew of RFCs have " +"been written describing how to encode email containing non-ASCII characters " +"into :rfc:`2822`\\ -compliant format. These RFCs include :rfc:`2045`, " +":rfc:`2046`, :rfc:`2047`, and :rfc:`2231`. The :mod:`email` package supports" +" these standards in its :mod:`email.header` and :mod:`email.charset` " +"modules." +msgstr "" +"当然，随着电子邮件在全球部署，它已经变得国际化了，例如电子邮件消息中现在可以使用特定语言的专属字符集。 这个基础标准仍然要求电子邮件消息只使用 7 位 " +"ASCII 字符来进行传输，为此编写了大量 RFC 来描述如何将包含非 ASCII 字符的电子邮件编码为符合 :rfc:`2822` 的格式。 这些 " +"RFC 包括 :rfc:`2045`, :rfc:`2046`, :rfc:`2047` 和 :rfc:`2231`。 :mod:`email` 包在其" +" :mod:`email.header` 和 :mod:`email.charset` 模块中支持了这些标准。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:33 +msgid "" +"If you want to include non-ASCII characters in your email headers, say in " +"the :mailheader:`Subject` or :mailheader:`To` fields, you should use the " +":class:`Header` class and assign the field in the " +":class:`~email.message.Message` object to an instance of :class:`Header` " +"instead of using a string for the header value. Import the :class:`Header` " +"class from the :mod:`email.header` module. For example::" +msgstr "" +"如果你想在你的电子邮件标头中包括非 ASCII 字符，比如说是在 :mailheader:`Subject` 或 :mailheader:`To` " +"字段中，你应当使用 :class:`Header` 类并将 :class:`~email.message.Message` 对象中的字段赋值为 " +":class:`Header` 的实例而不是使用字符串作为字段值。 请从 :mod:`email.header` 模块导入 " +":class:`Header` 类。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:40 +msgid "" +">>> from email.message import Message\n" +">>> from email.header import Header\n" +">>> msg = Message()\n" +">>> h = Header('p\\xf6stal', 'iso-8859-1')\n" +">>> msg['Subject'] = h\n" +">>> msg.as_string()\n" +"'Subject: =?iso-8859-1?q?p=F6stal?=\\n\\n'" +msgstr "" +">>> from email.message import Message\n" +">>> from email.header import Header\n" +">>> msg = Message()\n" +">>> h = Header('p\\xf6stal', 'iso-8859-1')\n" +">>> msg['Subject'] = h\n" +">>> msg.as_string()\n" +"'Subject: =?iso-8859-1?q?p=F6stal?=\\n\\n'" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Notice here how we wanted the :mailheader:`Subject` field to contain a non-" +"ASCII character? We did this by creating a :class:`Header` instance and " +"passing in the character set that the byte string was encoded in. When the " +"subsequent :class:`~email.message.Message` instance was flattened, the " +":mailheader:`Subject` field was properly :rfc:`2047` encoded. MIME-aware " +"mail readers would show this header using the embedded ISO-8859-1 character." +msgstr "" +"是否注意到这里我们是如何希望 :mailheader:`Subject` 字段包含非 ASCII 字符的？ 我们通过创建一个 " +":class:`Header` 实例并传入字节串编码所用的字符集来做到这一点。 当后续的 :class:`~email.message.Message`" +" 实例被展平时，:mailheader:`Subject` 字段会正确地按 :rfc:`2047` 来编码。 可感知 MIME " +"的电子邮件阅读器将会使用嵌入的 ISO-8859-1 字符来显示此标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:57 +msgid "Here is the :class:`Header` class description:" +msgstr "以下是 :class:`Header` 类描述:" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Create a MIME-compliant header that can contain strings in different " +"character sets." +msgstr "创建符合 MIME 要求的标头，其中可包含不同字符集的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Optional *s* is the initial header value. If ``None`` (the default), the " +"initial header value is not set. You can later append to the header with " +":meth:`append` method calls. *s* may be an instance of :class:`bytes` or " +":class:`str`, but see the :meth:`append` documentation for semantics." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *s* 是初始标头值。 如果为 ``None`` (默认值)，则表示初始标头值未设置。 你可以在稍后使用 :meth:`append` " +"方法调用向标头添加新值。 *s* 可以是 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`str` 的实例，注意参阅 :meth:`append` " +"文档了解相关语义。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Optional *charset* serves two purposes: it has the same meaning as the " +"*charset* argument to the :meth:`append` method. It also sets the default " +"character set for all subsequent :meth:`append` calls that omit the " +"*charset* argument. If *charset* is not provided in the constructor (the " +"default), the ``us-ascii`` character set is used both as *s*'s initial " +"charset and as the default for subsequent :meth:`append` calls." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *charset* 用于两种目的：它的含义与 :meth:`append` 方法的 *charset* 参数相同。 它还会为所有省略了 " +"*charset* 参数的后续 :meth:`append` 调用设置默认字符集。 如果 *charset* 在构造器中未提供（默认设置），则会将 " +"``us-ascii`` 字符集用作 *s* 的初始字符集以及后续 :meth:`append` 调用的默认字符集。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The maximum line length can be specified explicitly via *maxlinelen*. For " +"splitting the first line to a shorter value (to account for the field header" +" which isn't included in *s*, e.g. :mailheader:`Subject`) pass in the name " +"of the field in *header_name*. The default *maxlinelen* is 78, and the " +"default value for *header_name* is ``None``, meaning it is not taken into " +"account for the first line of a long, split header." +msgstr "" +"通过 maximum line length can be specified explicitly via *maxlinelen* " +"可以显式地指定行长度的最大值。 要将第一行拆分为更短的值（以适应未被包括在 *s* 中的字段标头，例如 :mailheader:`Subject` " +"等）则将字段名称作为 *header_name* 传入。 默认的 *maxlinelen* 为 78，而 *header_name* 的默认值为 " +"``None``，表示不考虑拆分超长标头的第一行。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Optional *continuation_ws* must be :rfc:`2822`\\ -compliant folding " +"whitespace, and is usually either a space or a hard tab character. This " +"character will be prepended to continuation lines. *continuation_ws* " +"defaults to a single space character." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *continuation_ws* 必须为符合 :rfc:`2822` 的折叠用空白符，通常是空格符或硬制表符。 " +"这个字符将被加缀至连续行的开头。 *continuation_ws* 默认为一个空格符。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Optional *errors* is passed straight through to the :meth:`append` method." +msgstr "可选的 *errors* 会被直接传递给 :meth:`append` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:94 +msgid "Append the string *s* to the MIME header." +msgstr "将字符串 *s* 添加到 MIME 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Optional *charset*, if given, should be a :class:`~email.charset.Charset` " +"instance (see :mod:`email.charset`) or the name of a character set, which " +"will be converted to a :class:`~email.charset.Charset` instance. A value of" +" ``None`` (the default) means that the *charset* given in the constructor is" +" used." +msgstr "" +"如果给出可选的 *charset*，它应当是一个 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` 实例 (参见 " +":mod:`email.charset`) 或字符集名称，该参数将被转换为一个 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` 实例。" +" 如果为 ``None`` (默认值) 则表示会使用构造器中给出的 *charset*。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:102 +msgid "" +"*s* may be an instance of :class:`bytes` or :class:`str`. If it is an " +"instance of :class:`bytes`, then *charset* is the encoding of that byte " +"string, and a :exc:`UnicodeError` will be raised if the string cannot be " +"decoded with that character set." +msgstr "" +"*s* 可以是 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`str` 的实例。 如果它是 :class:`bytes` 的实例，则 " +"*charset* 为该字节串的编码格式，如果字节串无法用该字符集来解码则将引发 :exc:`UnicodeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:107 +msgid "" +"If *s* is an instance of :class:`str`, then *charset* is a hint specifying " +"the character set of the characters in the string." +msgstr "如果 *s* 是 :class:`str` 的实例，则 *charset* 是用来指定字符串中字符字符集的提示。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:110 +msgid "" +"In either case, when producing an :rfc:`2822`\\ -compliant header using " +":rfc:`2047` rules, the string will be encoded using the output codec of the " +"charset. If the string cannot be encoded using the output codec, a " +"UnicodeError will be raised." +msgstr "" +"在这两种情况下，当使用 :rfc:`2047` 规则产生符合 :rfc:`2822` 的标头时，将使用指定字符集的输出编解码器来编码字符串。 " +"如果字符串无法使用该输出编解码器来编码，则将引发 UnicodeError。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Optional *errors* is passed as the errors argument to the decode call if *s*" +" is a byte string." +msgstr "可选的 *errors* 会在 *s* 为字节串时被作为 errors 参数传递给 decode 调用。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Encode a message header into an RFC-compliant format, possibly wrapping long" +" lines and encapsulating non-ASCII parts in base64 or quoted-printable " +"encodings." +msgstr "" +"将消息标头编码为符合 RFC 的格式，可能会对过长的行采取折行并将非 ASCII 部分以 base64 或 quoted-printable " +"编码格式进行封装。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Optional *splitchars* is a string containing characters which should be " +"given extra weight by the splitting algorithm during normal header wrapping." +" This is in very rough support of :RFC:`2822`\\'s 'higher level syntactic " +"breaks': split points preceded by a splitchar are preferred during line " +"splitting, with the characters preferred in the order in which they appear " +"in the string. Space and tab may be included in the string to indicate " +"whether preference should be given to one over the other as a split point " +"when other split chars do not appear in the line being split. Splitchars " +"does not affect :RFC:`2047` encoded lines." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *splitchars* 是一个字符串，其中包含应在正常的标头折行处理期间由拆分算法赋予额外权重的字符。 这是对于 :RFC:`2822` 中 " +"'更高层级语法拆分' 的很粗略的支持：在拆分期间会首选在 splitchar 之前的拆分点，字符的优先级是基于它们在字符串中的出现顺序。 " +"字符串中可包含空格和制表符以指明当其他拆分字符未在被拆分行中出现时是否要将某个字符作为优先于另一个字符的首选拆分点。 拆分字符不会影响以 " +":RFC:`2047` 编码的行。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:135 +msgid "" +"*maxlinelen*, if given, overrides the instance's value for the maximum line " +"length." +msgstr "如果给出 *maxlinelen*，它将覆盖实例的最大行长度值。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:138 +msgid "" +"*linesep* specifies the characters used to separate the lines of the folded " +"header. It defaults to the most useful value for Python application code " +"(``\\n``), but ``\\r\\n`` can be specified in order to produce headers with " +"RFC-compliant line separators." +msgstr "" +"*linesep* 指定用来分隔已折叠标头行的字符。 它默认为 Python 应用程序代码中最常用的值 (``\\n``)，但也可以指定为 " +"``\\r\\n`` 以便产生带有符合 RFC 的行分隔符的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:143 +msgid "Added the *linesep* argument." +msgstr "增加了 *linesep* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:147 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Header` class also provides a number of methods to support " +"standard operators and built-in functions." +msgstr ":class:`Header` 类还提供了一些方法以支持标准运算符和内置函数。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Returns an approximation of the :class:`Header` as a string, using an " +"unlimited line length. All pieces are converted to unicode using the " +"specified encoding and joined together appropriately. Any pieces with a " +"charset of ``'unknown-8bit'`` are decoded as ASCII using the ``'replace'`` " +"error handler." +msgstr "" +"以字符串形式返回 :class:`Header` 的近似表示，使用不受限制的行长度。 所有部分都会使用指定编码格式转换为 unicode " +"并适当地连接起来。 任何带有 ``'unknown-8bit'`` 字符集的部分都会使用 ``'replace'`` 错误处理程序解码为 ASCII。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:158 +msgid "Added handling for the ``'unknown-8bit'`` charset." +msgstr "增加对 ``'unknown-8bit'`` 字符集的处理。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:164 +msgid "" +"This method allows you to compare two :class:`Header` instances for " +"equality." +msgstr "这个方法允许你对两个 :class:`Header` 实例进行相等比较。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:170 +msgid "" +"This method allows you to compare two :class:`Header` instances for " +"inequality." +msgstr "这个方法允许你对两个 :class:`Header` 实例进行不等比较。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:173 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email.header` module also provides the following convenient " +"functions." +msgstr ":mod:`email.header` 模块还提供了下列便捷函数。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Decode a message header value without converting the character set. The " +"header value is in *header*." +msgstr "在不转换字符集的情况下对消息标头值进行解码。 *header* 为标头值。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:181 +msgid "" +"This function returns a list of ``(decoded_string, charset)`` pairs " +"containing each of the decoded parts of the header. *charset* is ``None`` " +"for non-encoded parts of the header, otherwise a lower case string " +"containing the name of the character set specified in the encoded string." +msgstr "" +"这个函数返回一个 ``(decoded_string, charset)`` 对的列表，其中包含标头的每个已解码部分。 对于标头的未编码部分 " +"*charset* 为 ``None``，在其他情况下则为一个包含已编码字符串中所指定字符集名称的小写字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:186 +msgid "Here's an example::" +msgstr "以下是为示例代码::" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:188 +msgid "" +">>> from email.header import decode_header\n" +">>> decode_header('=?iso-8859-1?q?p=F6stal?=')\n" +"[(b'p\\xf6stal', 'iso-8859-1')]" +msgstr "" +">>> from email.header import decode_header\n" +">>> decode_header('=?iso-8859-1?q?p=F6stal?=')\n" +"[(b'p\\xf6stal', 'iso-8859-1')]" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`Header` instance from a sequence of pairs as returned by " +":func:`decode_header`." +msgstr "基于 :func:`decode_header` 所返回的数据对序列创建一个 :class:`Header` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:198 +msgid "" +":func:`decode_header` takes a header value string and returns a sequence of " +"pairs of the format ``(decoded_string, charset)`` where *charset* is the " +"name of the character set." +msgstr "" +":func:`decode_header` 接受一个标头值字符串并返回格式为 ``(decoded_string, charset)`` " +"的数据对序列，其中 *charset* 是字符集名称。" + +#: ../../library/email.header.rst:202 +msgid "" +"This function takes one of those sequence of pairs and returns a " +":class:`Header` instance. Optional *maxlinelen*, *header_name*, and " +"*continuation_ws* are as in the :class:`Header` constructor." +msgstr "" +"这个函数接受这样的数据对序列并返回一个 :class:`Header` 实例。 可选的 *maxlinelen*, *header_name* 和 " +"*continuation_ws* 与 :class:`Header` 构造器中的含义相同。" diff --git a/library/email.headerregistry.po b/library/email.headerregistry.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a9c12aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.headerregistry.po @@ -0,0 +1,797 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# dogn he , 2021 +# Leo Li , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.headerregistry`: Custom Header Objects" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.headerregistry`: 自定义标头对象" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/headerregistry.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/headerregistry.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:14 +msgid "[1]_" +msgstr "[1]_" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Headers are represented by customized subclasses of :class:`str`. The " +"particular class used to represent a given header is determined by the " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_factory` of the :mod:`~email.policy`" +" in effect when the headers are created. This section documents the " +"particular ``header_factory`` implemented by the email package for handling " +":RFC:`5322` compliant email messages, which not only provides customized " +"header objects for various header types, but also provides an extension " +"mechanism for applications to add their own custom header types." +msgstr "" +"标头是由 :class:`str` 的自定义子类来表示的。 用于表示给定标头的特定类则由创建标头时生效的 :mod:`~email.policy` 的 " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_factory` 确定。 这一节记录了 email 包为处理兼容 " +":RFC:`5322` 的电子邮件消息所实现的特定 " +"``header_factory``，它不仅为各种标头类型提供了自定义的标头对象，还为应用程序提供了添加其自定义标头类型的扩展机制。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:25 +msgid "" +"When using any of the policy objects derived from " +":data:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy`, all headers are produced by " +":class:`.HeaderRegistry` and have :class:`.BaseHeader` as their last base " +"class. Each header class has an additional base class that is determined by" +" the type of the header. For example, many headers have the class " +":class:`.UnstructuredHeader` as their other base class. The specialized " +"second class for a header is determined by the name of the header, using a " +"lookup table stored in the :class:`.HeaderRegistry`. All of this is managed" +" transparently for the typical application program, but interfaces are " +"provided for modifying the default behavior for use by more complex " +"applications." +msgstr "" +"当使用派生自 :data:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` 的任何策略对象时，所有标头都通过 " +":class:`.HeaderRegistry` 产生并且以 :class:`.BaseHeader` 作为其最后一个基类。 " +"每个标头类都有一个由该标头类型确定的附加基类。 例如，许多标头都以 :class:`.UnstructuredHeader` 类作为其另一个基类。 " +"一个标头专用的第二个类是由标头名称使用存储在 :class:`.HeaderRegistry` 中的查找表来确定的。 " +"所有这些都针对典型应用程序进行透明的管理，但也为修改默认行为提供了接口，以便由更复杂的应用使用。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The sections below first document the header base classes and their " +"attributes, followed by the API for modifying the behavior of " +":class:`.HeaderRegistry`, and finally the support classes used to represent " +"the data parsed from structured headers." +msgstr "" +"以下各节首先记录了标头基类及其属性，然后是用于修改 :class:`.HeaderRegistry` 行为的 " +"API，最后是用于表示从结构化标头解析的数据的支持类。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:44 +msgid "" +"*name* and *value* are passed to ``BaseHeader`` from the " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_factory` call. The string value of " +"any header object is the *value* fully decoded to unicode." +msgstr "" +"*name* 和 *value* 会从 :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_factory` 调用传递给 " +"``BaseHeader``。 任何标头对象的字符串值都是完成解码为 unicode 的 *value*。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:48 +msgid "This base class defines the following read-only properties:" +msgstr "这个基类定义了下列只读属性:" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The name of the header (the portion of the field before the ':'). This is " +"exactly the value passed in the " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_factory` call for *name*; that is, " +"case is preserved." +msgstr "" +"标头的名称（字段在 ':' 之前的部分）。 这就是 *name* 的 " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_factory` 调用所传递的值；也就是说会保持大小写形式。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:61 +msgid "" +"A tuple of :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderDefect` instances reporting any RFC " +"compliance problems found during parsing. The email package tries to be " +"complete about detecting compliance issues. See the :mod:`~email.errors` " +"module for a discussion of the types of defects that may be reported." +msgstr "" +"一个包含 :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderDefect` 实例的元组，这些实例报告了在解析期间发现的任何 RFC 合规性问题。 " +"email 包会尝试尽可能地检测合规性问题。 请参阅 :mod:`~email.errors` 模块了解可能被报告的缺陷类型的相关讨论。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:69 +msgid "" +"The maximum number of headers of this type that can have the same ``name``." +" A value of ``None`` means unlimited. The ``BaseHeader`` value for this " +"attribute is ``None``; it is expected that specialized header classes will " +"override this value as needed." +msgstr "" +"此类型标头可具有相同 ``name`` 的最大数量。 ``None`` 值表示无限制。 此属性的 ``BaseHeader`` 值为 " +"``None``；专用的标头类预期将根据需要覆盖这个值。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:74 +msgid "" +"``BaseHeader`` also provides the following method, which is called by the " +"email library code and should not in general be called by application " +"programs:" +msgstr "``BaseHeader`` 还提供了以下方法，它由 email 库代码调用，通常不应当由应用程序来调用。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Return a string containing :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.linesep` characters " +"as required to correctly fold the header according to *policy*. A " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.cte_type` of ``8bit`` will be treated as if it " +"were ``7bit``, since headers may not contain arbitrary binary data. If " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` is ``False``, non-ASCII data will be " +":rfc:`2047` encoded." +msgstr "" +"返回一个字符串，其中包含用来根据 *policy* 正确地折叠标头的 :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.linesep` 字符。" +" :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.cte_type` 为 ``8bit`` 时将被作为 ``7bit`` " +"来处理，因为标头不能包含任意二进制数据。 如果 :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` 为 " +"``False``，则非 ASCII 数据将根据 :rfc:`2047` 来编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:88 +msgid "" +"``BaseHeader`` by itself cannot be used to create a header object. It " +"defines a protocol that each specialized header cooperates with in order to " +"produce the header object. Specifically, ``BaseHeader`` requires that the " +"specialized class provide a :func:`classmethod` named ``parse``. This " +"method is called as follows::" +msgstr "" +"``BaseHeader`` 本身不能被用于创建标头对象。 它定义了一个与每个专用标头相配合的协议以便生成标头对象。 " +"具体来说，``BaseHeader`` 要求专用类提供一个名为 ``parse`` 的 :func:`classmethod`。 " +"此方法的调用形式如下::" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:94 +msgid "parse(string, kwds)" +msgstr "parse(string, kwds)" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:96 +msgid "" +"``kwds`` is a dictionary containing one pre-initialized key, ``defects``. " +"``defects`` is an empty list. The parse method should append any detected " +"defects to this list. On return, the ``kwds`` dictionary *must* contain " +"values for at least the keys ``decoded`` and ``defects``. ``decoded`` " +"should be the string value for the header (that is, the header value fully " +"decoded to unicode). The parse method should assume that *string* may " +"contain content-transfer-encoded parts, but should correctly handle all " +"valid unicode characters as well so that it can parse un-encoded header " +"values." +msgstr "" +"``kwds`` 是包含了一个预初始化键 ``defects`` 的字典。 ``defects`` 是一个空列表。 parse " +"方法应当将任何已检测到的缺陷添加到此列表中。 在返回时，``kwds`` 字典 *必须* 至少包含 ``decoded`` 和 ``defects`` " +"等键的值。 ``decoded`` 应当是标头的字符串值（即完全解码为 unicode 的标头值）。 parse 方法应当假定 *string* " +"可能包含 content-transfer-encoded 部分，但也应当正确地处理全部有效的 unicode 字符以便它能解析未经编码的标头值。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:105 +msgid "" +"``BaseHeader``'s ``__new__`` then creates the header instance, and calls its" +" ``init`` method. The specialized class only needs to provide an ``init`` " +"method if it wishes to set additional attributes beyond those provided by " +"``BaseHeader`` itself. Such an ``init`` method should look like this::" +msgstr "" +"随后 ``BaseHeader`` 的 ``__new__`` 会创建标头实例，并调用其 ``init`` 方法。 专属类如果想要设置 " +"``BaseHeader`` 自身所提供的属性之外的附加属性，只需提供一个 ``init`` 方法。 这样的 ``init`` 看起来应该是这样::" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:110 +msgid "" +"def init(self, /, *args, **kw):\n" +" self._myattr = kw.pop('myattr')\n" +" super().init(*args, **kw)" +msgstr "" +"def init(self, /, *args, **kw):\n" +" self._myattr = kw.pop('myattr')\n" +" super().init(*args, **kw)" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:114 +msgid "" +"That is, anything extra that the specialized class puts in to the ``kwds`` " +"dictionary should be removed and handled, and the remaining contents of " +"``kw`` (and ``args``) passed to the ``BaseHeader`` ``init`` method." +msgstr "" +"也就是说，专属类放入 ``kwds`` 字典的任何额外内容都应当被移除和处理，并且 ``kw`` (和 ``args``) 的剩余内容会被传递给 " +"``BaseHeader`` ``init`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:121 +msgid "" +"An \"unstructured\" header is the default type of header in :rfc:`5322`. Any" +" header that does not have a specified syntax is treated as unstructured. " +"The classic example of an unstructured header is the :mailheader:`Subject` " +"header." +msgstr "" +"\"非结构化\" 标头是 :rfc:`5322` 中默认的标头类型。 任何没有指定语法的标头都会被视为是非结构化的。 非结构化标头的经典例子是 " +":mailheader:`Subject` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:126 +msgid "" +"In :rfc:`5322`, an unstructured header is a run of arbitrary text in the " +"ASCII character set. :rfc:`2047`, however, has an :rfc:`5322` compatible " +"mechanism for encoding non-ASCII text as ASCII characters within a header " +"value. When a *value* containing encoded words is passed to the " +"constructor, the ``UnstructuredHeader`` parser converts such encoded words " +"into unicode, following the :rfc:`2047` rules for unstructured text. The " +"parser uses heuristics to attempt to decode certain non-compliant encoded " +"words. Defects are registered in such cases, as well as defects for issues " +"such as invalid characters within the encoded words or the non-encoded text." +msgstr "" +"在 :rfc:`5322` 中，非结构化标头是指一段以 ASCII 字符集表示的任意文本。 但是 :rfc:`2047` 具有一个 " +":rfc:`5322` 兼容机制用来将标头值中的非 ASCII 文本编码为 ASCII 字符。 当包含已编码字的 *value* " +"被传递给构造器时，``UnstructuredHeader`` 解析器会按照非结构化文本的 :rfc:`2047` 规则将此类已编码字转换为 " +"unicode。 解析器会使用启发式机制来尝试解码一些不合规的已编码字。 " +"在此种情况下各类缺陷，例如已编码字或未编码文本中的无效字符问题等缺陷将会被注册。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:136 +msgid "This header type provides no additional attributes." +msgstr "此标头类型未提供附加属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:141 +msgid "" +":rfc:`5322` specifies a very specific format for dates within email headers." +" The ``DateHeader`` parser recognizes that date format, as well as " +"recognizing a number of variant forms that are sometimes found \"in the " +"wild\"." +msgstr "" +":rfc:`5322` 为电子邮件标头内的日期指定了非常明确的格式。 ``DateHeader`` " +"解析器会识别该日期格式，并且也能识别间或出现的一些“不规范”变种形式。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:146 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:188 +msgid "This header type provides the following additional attributes:" +msgstr "这个标头类型提供了以下附加属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:150 +msgid "" +"If the header value can be recognized as a valid date of one form or " +"another, this attribute will contain a :class:`~datetime.datetime` instance " +"representing that date. If the timezone of the input date is specified as " +"``-0000`` (indicating it is in UTC but contains no information about the " +"source timezone), then :attr:`.datetime` will be a naive " +":class:`~datetime.datetime`. If a specific timezone offset is found " +"(including ``+0000``), then :attr:`.datetime` will contain an aware " +"``datetime`` that uses :class:`datetime.timezone` to record the timezone " +"offset." +msgstr "" +"如果标头值能被识别为某一种有效的日期形式，此属性将包含一个代表该日期的 :class:`~datetime.datetime` 实例。 " +"如果输入日期的时区被指定为 ``-0000`` (表示它是 UTC 但不包含源时区的相关信息)，则 :attr:`.datetime` 将为简单型 " +":class:`~datetime.datetime`。 如果找到了特定的时区时差值 (包括 ``+0000``)，则 " +":attr:`.datetime` 将包含一个使用 :class:`datetime.timezone` 来记录时区时差的感知型 " +"``datetime``。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The ``decoded`` value of the header is determined by formatting the " +"``datetime`` according to the :rfc:`5322` rules; that is, it is set to::" +msgstr "" +"标头的 ``decoded`` 值是由按照 :rfc:`5322` 对 ``datetime`` 进行格式化来确定的；也就是说，它会被设为::" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:163 +msgid "email.utils.format_datetime(self.datetime)" +msgstr "email.utils.format_datetime(self.datetime)" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:165 +msgid "" +"When creating a ``DateHeader``, *value* may be :class:`~datetime.datetime` " +"instance. This means, for example, that the following code is valid and " +"does what one would expect::" +msgstr "" +"当创建 ``DateHeader`` 时，*value* 可以为 :class:`~datetime.datetime` 实例。 " +"例如这意味着以下代码是有效的并能实现人们预期的行为::" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:169 +msgid "msg['Date'] = datetime(2011, 7, 15, 21)" +msgstr "msg['Date'] = datetime(2011, 7, 15, 21)" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Because this is a naive ``datetime`` it will be interpreted as a UTC " +"timestamp, and the resulting value will have a timezone of ``-0000``. Much " +"more useful is to use the :func:`~email.utils.localtime` function from the " +":mod:`~email.utils` module::" +msgstr "" +"因为这是个简单型 ``datetime`` 它将被解读为 UTC 时间戳，并且结果值的时区将为 ``-0000``。 使用来自 " +":mod:`~email.utils` 模块的 :func:`~email.utils.localtime` 函数会更有用::" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:176 +msgid "msg['Date'] = utils.localtime()" +msgstr "msg['Date'] = utils.localtime()" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:178 +msgid "" +"This example sets the date header to the current time and date using the " +"current timezone offset." +msgstr "这个例子将日期标头设为使用当前时区时差值的当前时间和日期。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Address headers are one of the most complex structured header types. The " +"``AddressHeader`` class provides a generic interface to any address header." +msgstr "地址标头是最复杂的结构化标头类型之一。 ``AddressHeader`` 类提供了适合任何地址标头的泛用型接口。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:193 +msgid "" +"A tuple of :class:`.Group` objects encoding the addresses and groups found " +"in the header value. Addresses that are not part of a group are represented" +" in this list as single-address ``Groups`` whose " +":attr:`~.Group.display_name` is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"编码了在标头值中找到的地址和分组的 :class:`.Group` 对象的元组。 非分组成员的地址在此列表中表示为 " +":attr:`~.Group.display_name` 为 ``None`` 的单地址 ``Groups``。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:201 +msgid "" +"A tuple of :class:`.Address` objects encoding all of the individual " +"addresses from the header value. If the header value contains any groups, " +"the individual addresses from the group are included in the list at the " +"point where the group occurs in the value (that is, the list of addresses is" +" \"flattened\" into a one dimensional list)." +msgstr "" +"编码了来自标头值的所有单独地址的 :class:`.Address` 对象的元组。 " +"如果标头值包含任何分组，则来自分组的单个地址将包含在该分组出现在值中的点上列出（也就是说，地址列表会被“展平”为一维列表）。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:207 +msgid "" +"The ``decoded`` value of the header will have all encoded words decoded to " +"unicode. :class:`~encodings.idna` encoded domain names are also decoded to " +"unicode. The ``decoded`` value is set by :ref:`joining ` the" +" :class:`str` value of the elements of the ``groups`` attribute with ``', " +"'``." +msgstr "" +"标头的 ``decoded`` 值将把所有已编码字解码为 unicode。 :class:`~encodings.idna` 编码的域名也会被解码为 " +"unicode。 ``decoded`` 值是通过对 ``groups`` 属性的元素的 :class:`str` 值使用 ``', '`` 进行 " +":ref:`合并 ` 来设置的。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:213 +msgid "" +"A list of :class:`.Address` and :class:`.Group` objects in any combination " +"may be used to set the value of an address header. ``Group`` objects whose " +"``display_name`` is ``None`` will be interpreted as single addresses, which " +"allows an address list to be copied with groups intact by using the list " +"obtained from the ``groups`` attribute of the source header." +msgstr "" +"可以使用 :class:`.Address` 与 :class:`.Group` 对象的任意组合的列表来设置一个地址标头的值。 " +"``display_name`` 为 ``None`` 的 ``Group`` 对象将被解读为单独地址，这允许一个地址列表可以附带通过使用从源标头的 " +"``groups`` 属性获取的列表而保留原分组。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:222 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`.AddressHeader` that adds one additional attribute:" +msgstr ":class:`.AddressHeader` 的子类，添加了一个额外的属性:" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:228 +msgid "" +"The single address encoded by the header value. If the header value " +"actually contains more than one address (which would be a violation of the " +"RFC under the default :mod:`~email.policy`), accessing this attribute will " +"result in a :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"由标头值编码的单个地址。 如果标头值实际上包含一个以上的地址（这在默认 :mod:`~email.policy` 下将违反 RFC），则访问此属性将导致" +" :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Many of the above classes also have a ``Unique`` variant (for example, " +"``UniqueUnstructuredHeader``). The only difference is that in the " +"``Unique`` variant, :attr:`~.BaseHeader.max_count` is set to 1." +msgstr "" +"上述类中许多还具有一个 ``Unique`` 变体 (例如 ``UniqueUnstructuredHeader``)。 其唯一差别是在 " +"``Unique`` 变体中 :attr:`~.BaseHeader.max_count` 被设为 1。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:241 +msgid "" +"There is really only one valid value for the :mailheader:`MIME-Version` " +"header, and that is ``1.0``. For future proofing, this header class " +"supports other valid version numbers. If a version number has a valid value" +" per :rfc:`2045`, then the header object will have non-``None`` values for " +"the following attributes:" +msgstr "" +"实际上 :mailheader:`MIME-Version` 标头只有一个有效的值，即 ``1.0``。 " +"为了将来的扩展，这个标头类还支持其他的有效版本号。 如果一个版本号是 :rfc:`2045` 的有效值，则标头对象的以下属性将具有不为 ``None``" +" 的值:" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:249 +msgid "" +"The version number as a string, with any whitespace and/or comments removed." +msgstr "字符串形式的版本号。 任何空格和/或注释都会被移除。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:254 +msgid "The major version number as an integer" +msgstr "整数形式的主版本号" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:258 +msgid "The minor version number as an integer" +msgstr "整数形式的次版本号" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:263 +msgid "" +"MIME headers all start with the prefix 'Content-'. Each specific header has" +" a certain value, described under the class for that header. Some can also " +"take a list of supplemental parameters, which have a common format. This " +"class serves as a base for all the MIME headers that take parameters." +msgstr "" +"MIME 标头都以前缀 'Content-' 打头。 每个特定标头都具有特定的值，其描述在该标头的类之中。 " +"有些也可以接受一个具有通用格式的补充形参形表。 这个类被用作所有接受形参的 MIME 标头的基类。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:270 +msgid "A dictionary mapping parameter names to parameter values." +msgstr "一个将形参名映射到形参值的字典。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:275 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ParameterizedMIMEHeader` class that handles the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header." +msgstr "" +"处理 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头的 :class:`ParameterizedMIMEHeader` 类。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:280 +msgid "The content type string, in the form ``maintype/subtype``." +msgstr "``maintype/subtype`` 形式的内容类型字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:289 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ParameterizedMIMEHeader` class that handles the " +":mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header." +msgstr "" +"处理 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 标头的 :class:`ParameterizedMIMEHeader` 类。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:294 +msgid "``inline`` and ``attachment`` are the only valid values in common use." +msgstr "``inline`` 和 ``attachment`` 是仅有的常用有效值。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:299 +msgid "Handles the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header." +msgstr "处理 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:303 +msgid "" +"Valid values are ``7bit``, ``8bit``, ``base64``, and ``quoted-printable``. " +"See :rfc:`2045` for more information." +msgstr "" +"可用的有效值为 ``7bit``, ``8bit``, ``base64`` 和 ``quoted-printable``。 更多信息请参阅 " +":rfc:`2045`。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:312 +msgid "" +"This is the factory used by :class:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` by default. " +"``HeaderRegistry`` builds the class used to create a header instance " +"dynamically, using *base_class* and a specialized class retrieved from a " +"registry that it holds. When a given header name does not appear in the " +"registry, the class specified by *default_class* is used as the specialized " +"class. When *use_default_map* is ``True`` (the default), the standard " +"mapping of header names to classes is copied in to the registry during " +"initialization. *base_class* is always the last class in the generated " +"class's :class:`~type.__bases__` list." +msgstr "" +"这是由 :class:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` 在默认情况下使用的工厂函数。 ``HeaderRegistry`` 会使用" +" *base_class* 和从它所保存的注册表中获取的专用类来构建用于动态地创建标头实例的类。 当给定的标头名称未在注册表中出现时，则会使用由 " +"*default_class* 所指定的类作为专用类。 当 *use_default_map* 为 ``True`` (默认值) " +"时，则会在初始化期间把从标头名称到类的标准映射拷贝到注册表中。 *base_class* 始终会是所生成的类的 " +":class:`~type.__bases__` 列表中的最后一个类。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:322 +msgid "The default mappings are:" +msgstr "默认的映射有:" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "subject" +msgstr "subject" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:324 +msgid "UniqueUnstructuredHeader" +msgstr "UniqueUnstructuredHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "date" +msgstr "date" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:325 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:327 +msgid "UniqueDateHeader" +msgstr "UniqueDateHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "resent-date" +msgstr "resent-date" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:326 +msgid "DateHeader" +msgstr "DateHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "orig-date" +msgstr "orig-date" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "sender" +msgstr "sender" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:328 +msgid "UniqueSingleAddressHeader" +msgstr "UniqueSingleAddressHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "resent-sender" +msgstr "resent-sender" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:329 +msgid "SingleAddressHeader" +msgstr "SingleAddressHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "to" +msgstr "到" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:330 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:332 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:334 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:336 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:338 +msgid "UniqueAddressHeader" +msgstr "UniqueAddressHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "resent-to" +msgstr "resent-to" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:331 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:333 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:335 +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:337 +msgid "AddressHeader" +msgstr "AddressHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "cc" +msgstr "cc" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "resent-cc" +msgstr "resent-cc" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "bcc" +msgstr "bcc" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "resent-bcc" +msgstr "resent-bcc" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "from" +msgstr "从" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "resent-from" +msgstr "resent-from" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "reply-to" +msgstr "reply-to" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "mime-version" +msgstr "mime-version" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:339 +msgid "MIMEVersionHeader" +msgstr "MIMEVersionHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "content-type" +msgstr "content-type" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:340 +msgid "ContentTypeHeader" +msgstr "ContentTypeHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "content-disposition" +msgstr "content-disposition" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:341 +msgid "ContentDispositionHeader" +msgstr "ContentDispositionHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "content-transfer-encoding" +msgstr "content-transfer-encoding" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:342 +msgid "ContentTransferEncodingHeader" +msgstr "ContentTransferEncodingHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:0 +msgid "message-id" +msgstr "message-id" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:343 +msgid "MessageIDHeader" +msgstr "MessageIDHeader" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:345 +msgid "``HeaderRegistry`` has the following methods:" +msgstr "``HeaderRegistry`` 具有下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:350 +msgid "" +"*name* is the name of the header to be mapped. It will be converted to " +"lower case in the registry. *cls* is the specialized class to be used, " +"along with *base_class*, to create the class used to instantiate headers " +"that match *name*." +msgstr "" +"*name* 是要映射的标头名称。 它将在注册表中被转换为小写形式。 *cls* 是要与 *base_class* 一起被用来创建用于实例化与 " +"*name* 相匹配的标头的类的专用类。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:358 +msgid "Construct and return a class to handle creating a *name* header." +msgstr "构造并返回一个类来处理 *name* 标头的创建。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Retrieves the specialized header associated with *name* from the registry " +"(using *default_class* if *name* does not appear in the registry) and " +"composes it with *base_class* to produce a class, calls the constructed " +"class's constructor, passing it the same argument list, and finally returns " +"the class instance created thereby." +msgstr "" +"从注册表获得与 *name* 相关联的专用标头 (如果 *name* 未在注册表中出现则使用 *default_class*) 并将其与 " +"*base_class* 相组合以产生类，调用被构造类的构造器，传入相同的参数列表，并最终返回由此创建的类实例。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:370 +msgid "" +"The following classes are the classes used to represent data parsed from " +"structured headers and can, in general, be used by an application program to" +" construct structured values to assign to specific headers." +msgstr "以下的类是用于表示从结构化标头解析的数据的类，并且通常会由应用程序使用以构造结构化的值并赋给特定的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:377 +msgid "" +"The class used to represent an email address. The general form of an " +"address is::" +msgstr "用于表示电子邮件地址的类。 地址的一般形式为::" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:380 +msgid "[display_name] " +msgstr "[display_name] " + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:382 +msgid "or::" +msgstr "或者：" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:384 +msgid "username@domain" +msgstr "username@domain" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:386 +msgid "" +"where each part must conform to specific syntax rules spelled out in " +":rfc:`5322`." +msgstr "其中每个部分都必须符合在 :rfc:`5322` 中阐述的特定语法规则。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:389 +msgid "" +"As a convenience *addr_spec* can be specified instead of *username* and " +"*domain*, in which case *username* and *domain* will be parsed from the " +"*addr_spec*. An *addr_spec* must be a properly RFC quoted string; if it is " +"not ``Address`` will raise an error. Unicode characters are allowed and " +"will be property encoded when serialized. However, per the RFCs, unicode is" +" *not* allowed in the username portion of the address." +msgstr "" +"为了方便起见可以指定 *addr_spec* 来替代 *username* 和 *domain*，在此情况下 *username* 和 *domain*" +" 将从 *addr_spec* 中解析。 *addr_spec* 应当是一个正确地引用了 RFC 的字符串；如果它不是 ``Address`` " +"则将引发错误。 Unicode 字符也允许使用并将在序列化时被正确地编码。 但是，根据 RFC，地址的 username 部分 *不允许* 有 " +"unicode。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:398 +msgid "" +"The display name portion of the address, if any, with all quoting removed. " +"If the address does not have a display name, this attribute will be an empty" +" string." +msgstr "地址的显示名称部分（如果有的话）并去除所有引用项。 如果地址没有显示名称，则此属性将为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:404 +msgid "The ``username`` portion of the address, with all quoting removed." +msgstr "地址的 ``username`` 部分，去除所有引用项。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:408 +msgid "The ``domain`` portion of the address." +msgstr "地址的 ``domain`` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:412 +msgid "" +"The ``username@domain`` portion of the address, correctly quoted for use as " +"a bare address (the second form shown above). This attribute is not " +"mutable." +msgstr "地址的 ``username@domain`` 部分，经过正确引用处理以作为纯地址使用（上面显示的第二种形式）。 此属性不可变。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:418 +msgid "" +"The ``str`` value of the object is the address quoted according to " +":rfc:`5322` rules, but with no Content Transfer Encoding of any non-ASCII " +"characters." +msgstr "" +"对象的 ``str`` 值是根据 :rfc:`5322` 规则进行引用处理的地址，但不带任何非 ASCII 字符的 Content Transfer " +"Encoding。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:422 +msgid "" +"To support SMTP (:rfc:`5321`), ``Address`` handles one special case: if " +"``username`` and ``domain`` are both the empty string (or ``None``), then " +"the string value of the ``Address`` is ``<>``." +msgstr "" +"为了支持 SMTP (:rfc:`5321`)，``Address`` 会处理一种特殊情况：如果 ``username`` 和 ``domain`` " +"均为空字符串 (或为 ``None``)，则 ``Address`` 的字符串值为 ``<>``。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:429 +msgid "" +"The class used to represent an address group. The general form of an " +"address group is::" +msgstr "用于表示地址组的类。 地址组的一般形式为::" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:432 +msgid "display_name: [address-list];" +msgstr "display_name: [address-list];" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:434 +msgid "" +"As a convenience for processing lists of addresses that consist of a mixture" +" of groups and single addresses, a ``Group`` may also be used to represent " +"single addresses that are not part of a group by setting *display_name* to " +"``None`` and providing a list of the single address as *addresses*." +msgstr "" +"作为处理由组和单个地址混合构成的列表的便捷方式，``Group`` 也可以通过将 *display_name* 设为 ``None`` " +"以用来表示不是某个组的一部分的单独地址并提供单独地址的列表作为 *addresses*。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The ``display_name`` of the group. If it is ``None`` and there is exactly " +"one ``Address`` in ``addresses``, then the ``Group`` represents a single " +"address that is not in a group." +msgstr "" +"组的 ``display_name``。 如果其为 ``None`` 并且恰好有一个 ``Address`` 在 ``addresses`` 中，则 " +"``Group`` 表示一个不在某个组中的单独地址。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:447 +msgid "" +"A possibly empty tuple of :class:`.Address` objects representing the " +"addresses in the group." +msgstr "一个可能为空的表示组中地址的包含 :class:`.Address` 对象的元组。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:452 +msgid "" +"The ``str`` value of a ``Group`` is formatted according to :rfc:`5322`, but " +"with no Content Transfer Encoding of any non-ASCII characters. If " +"``display_name`` is none and there is a single ``Address`` in the " +"``addresses`` list, the ``str`` value will be the same as the ``str`` of " +"that single ``Address``." +msgstr "" +"``Group`` 的 ``str`` 值会根据 :rfc:`5322` 进行格式化，但不带任何非 ASCII 字符的 Content Transfer" +" Encoding。 如果 ``display_name`` 为空值且只有一个单独 ``Address`` 在 ``addresses`` 列表中，则 " +"``str`` 值将与该单独 ``Address`` 的 ``str`` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:460 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.headerregistry.rst:461 +msgid "" +"Originally added in 3.3 as a :term:`provisional module `" +msgstr "最初在 3.3 中作为 :term:`暂定模块 ` 添加" diff --git a/library/email.iterators.po b/library/email.iterators.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..614b2e897 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.iterators.po @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.iterators`: Iterators" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.iterators`: 迭代器" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/iterators.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/iterators.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Iterating over a message object tree is fairly easy with the " +":meth:`Message.walk ` method. The " +":mod:`email.iterators` module provides some useful higher level iterations " +"over message object trees." +msgstr "" +"通过 :meth:`Message.walk ` 方法来迭代消息对象树是相当容易的。 " +":mod:`email.iterators` 模块提供了一些适用于消息对象树的高层级迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:19 +msgid "" +"This iterates over all the payloads in all the subparts of *msg*, returning " +"the string payloads line-by-line. It skips over all the subpart headers, " +"and it skips over any subpart with a payload that isn't a Python string. " +"This is somewhat equivalent to reading the flat text representation of the " +"message from a file using :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline`, skipping over all" +" the intervening headers." +msgstr "" +"此函数会迭代 *msg* 的所有子部分中的所有载荷，逐行返回字符串载荷。 它会跳过所有子部分的标头，并且它也会跳过任何包含不为 Python " +"字符串的载荷的子部分。 这基本上等价于使用 :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` " +"从一个文件读取消息的纯文本表示形式，并跳过所有中间的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Optional *decode* is passed through to :meth:`Message.get_payload " +"`." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *decode* 会被传递给 :meth:`Message.get_payload " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:32 +msgid "" +"This iterates over all the subparts of *msg*, returning only those subparts " +"that match the MIME type specified by *maintype* and *subtype*." +msgstr "" +"此函数会迭代 *msg* 的所有子部分，只返回其中与 *maintype* 和 *subtype* 所指定的 MIME 类型相匹配的子部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Note that *subtype* is optional; if omitted, then subpart MIME type matching" +" is done only with the main type. *maintype* is optional too; it defaults " +"to :mimetype:`text`." +msgstr "" +"请注意 *subtype* 是可选项；如果省略，则仅使用主类型来进行子部分 MIME 类型的匹配。 *maintype* 也是可选项；它的默认值为 " +":mimetype:`text`。" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Thus, by default :func:`typed_subpart_iterator` returns each subpart that " +"has a MIME type of :mimetype:`text/\\*`." +msgstr "" +"因此，在默认情况下 :func:`typed_subpart_iterator` 会返回每一个 MIME 类型为 " +":mimetype:`text/\\*` 的子部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:43 +msgid "" +"The following function has been added as a useful debugging tool. It should" +" *not* be considered part of the supported public interface for the package." +msgstr "增加了以下函数作为有用的调试工具。 它 *不应当* 被视为该包所支持的公共接口的组成部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Prints an indented representation of the content types of the message object" +" structure. For example:" +msgstr "打印消息对象结构的内容类型的缩进表示形式。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:57 +msgid "" +">>> msg = email.message_from_file(somefile)\n" +">>> _structure(msg)\n" +"multipart/mixed\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain\n" +" multipart/digest\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain" +msgstr "" +">>> msg = email.message_from_file(somefile)\n" +">>> _structure(msg)\n" +"multipart/mixed\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain\n" +" multipart/digest\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain" + +#: ../../library/email.iterators.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Optional *fp* is a file-like object to print the output to. It must be " +"suitable for Python's :func:`print` function. *level* is used internally. " +"*include_default*, if true, prints the default type as well." +msgstr "" +"可选项 *fp* 是一个作为打印输出目标的文件型对象。 它必须适用于 Python 的 :func:`print` 函数。 *level* " +"是供内部使用的。 *include_default* 如果为真值，则会同时打印默认类型。" diff --git a/library/email.message.po b/library/email.message.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f69375f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.message.po @@ -0,0 +1,1149 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Kevin Deng , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.message`: Representing an email message" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.message`: 表示电子邮件消息" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/message.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/message.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:14 +msgid "[1]_" +msgstr "[1]_" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The central class in the :mod:`email` package is the :class:`EmailMessage` " +"class, imported from the :mod:`email.message` module. It is the base class " +"for the :mod:`email` object model. :class:`EmailMessage` provides the core " +"functionality for setting and querying header fields, for accessing message " +"bodies, and for creating or modifying structured messages." +msgstr "" +"位于 :mod:`email` 包的中心的类就是 :class:`EmailMessage` 类。这个类导入自 :mod:`email.message`" +" 模块。它是 :mod:`email` 对象模型的基类。:class:`EmailMessage` " +"为设置和查询头字段内容、访问信息体的内容、以及创建和修改结构化信息提供了核心功能。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:22 +msgid "" +"An email message consists of *headers* and a *payload* (which is also " +"referred to as the *content*). Headers are :rfc:`5322` or :rfc:`6532` style" +" field names and values, where the field name and value are separated by a " +"colon. The colon is not part of either the field name or the field value. " +"The payload may be a simple text message, or a binary object, or a " +"structured sequence of sub-messages each with their own set of headers and " +"their own payload. The latter type of payload is indicated by the message " +"having a MIME type such as :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` or " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822`." +msgstr "" +"一份电子邮件信息由 *标头* 和 *载荷* （又被称为 *内容* ）组成。 标头遵循 :rfc:`5322` 或者 :rfc:`6532` " +"风格的字段名和值，字段名和字段值之间由一个冒号隔开。 " +"这个冒号既不属于字段名，也不属于字段值。信息的载荷可能是一段简单的文字消息，也可能是一个二进制的对象，更可能是由多个拥有各自标头和载荷的子信息组成的结构化子信息序列。" +" 对于后者类型的载荷，信息的 MIME 类型将会被指明为诸如 :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` 或 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:31 +msgid "" +"The conceptual model provided by an :class:`EmailMessage` object is that of " +"an ordered dictionary of headers coupled with a *payload* that represents " +"the :rfc:`5322` body of the message, which might be a list of " +"sub-``EmailMessage`` objects. In addition to the normal dictionary methods " +"for accessing the header names and values, there are methods for accessing " +"specialized information from the headers (for example the MIME content " +"type), for operating on the payload, for generating a serialized version of " +"the message, and for recursively walking over the object tree." +msgstr "" +":class:`EmailMessage` 对象所提供的抽象概念模型是一个头字段组成的有序字典加一个代表 :rfc:`5322` 标准的信息体的 " +"*载荷* 。 载荷有可能是一系列子 ``EmailMessage`` " +"对象的列表。你除了可以通过一般的字典方法来访问头字段名和值，还可以使用特制方法来访问头的特定字段（比如说 MIME " +"内容类型字段）、操纵载荷、生成信息的序列化版本、递归遍历对象树。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:40 +msgid "" +"The :class:`EmailMessage` dictionary-like interface is indexed by the header" +" names, which must be ASCII values. The values of the dictionary are " +"strings with some extra methods. Headers are stored and returned in case-" +"preserving form, but field names are matched case-insensitively. The keys " +"are ordered, but unlike a real dict, there can be duplicates. Additional " +"methods are provided for working with headers that have duplicate keys." +msgstr "" +":class:`EmailMessage` 字典型接口使用标头名称作为索引，它必须是 ASCII 值。 字典的值是包含一些附加方法的字符串。 " +"标头是以保留大小写的形式存储和返回的，但字段名的匹配则是大小写不敏感的。 键是保留顺序的，但与真正字典不同的是键可以重复。 " +"提供了一些额外的方法来处理包含重复键的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:47 +msgid "" +"The *payload* is either a string or bytes object, in the case of simple " +"message objects, or a list of :class:`EmailMessage` objects, for MIME " +"container documents such as :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` and " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822` message objects." +msgstr "" +"*载荷* 是多样的。对于简单的信息对象，它是字符串或字节对象；对于诸如 :mimetype:`multipart/\\*` 和 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822` 信息对象的 MIME 容器文档，它是一个 :class:`EmailMessage` 对象列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:55 +msgid "" +"If *policy* is specified use the rules it specifies to update and serialize " +"the representation of the message. If *policy* is not set, use the " +":class:`~email.policy.default` policy, which follows the rules of the email " +"RFCs except for line endings (instead of the RFC mandated ``\\r\\n``, it " +"uses the Python standard ``\\n`` line endings). For more information see " +"the :mod:`~email.policy` documentation." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *policy* ，消息将由这个 *policy* 所指定的规则来更新和序列化信息的表达。如果没有指定 *policy* ，其将默认使用 " +":class:`~email.policy.default` 策略。这个策略遵循电子邮件的RFC标准，除了行终止符号（RFC要求使用 " +"``\\r\\n`` ，此策略使用Python标准的 ``\\n`` 行终止符）。请前往 :mod:`~email.policy` 的文档获取更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Return the entire message flattened as a string. When optional *unixfrom* " +"is true, the envelope header is included in the returned string. *unixfrom*" +" defaults to ``False``. For backward compatibility with the base " +":class:`~email.message.Message` class *maxheaderlen* is accepted, but " +"defaults to ``None``, which means that by default the line length is " +"controlled by the :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.max_line_length` of the " +"policy. The *policy* argument may be used to override the default policy " +"obtained from the message instance. This can be used to control some of the" +" formatting produced by the method, since the specified *policy* will be " +"passed to the :class:`~email.generator.Generator`." +msgstr "" +"以一段字符串的形式返回整个消息对象。 若可选的 *unixfrom* 为真值，信封头将包括在返回的字符串中。 *unixfrom* 默认为 " +"``False``。 为了保持向下兼容基类 :class:`~email.message.Message` 还接受 " +"*maxheaderlen*，但其默认为 ``None``，这意味着在默认情况下行长度将由策略的 " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.max_line_length` 来控制。 *policy* " +"参数可以被用于覆盖从消息实例获取到的默认策略。 这可以被用来控制该方法所产生的某些格式，因为指定的 *policy* 将被传给 " +":class:`~email.generator.Generator`。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:76 ../../library/email.message.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Flattening the message may trigger changes to the :class:`EmailMessage` if " +"defaults need to be filled in to complete the transformation to a string " +"(for example, MIME boundaries may be generated or modified)." +msgstr "" +"扁平化信息可能会对 :class:`EmailMessage` 做出修改。这是因为为了完成向字符串的转换，一些内容需要使用默认值填入（举个例子，MIME" +" 边界字段可能会被生成或被修改）。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Note that this method is provided as a convenience and may not be the most " +"useful way to serialize messages in your application, especially if you are " +"dealing with multiple messages. See :class:`email.generator.Generator` for " +"a more flexible API for serializing messages. Note also that this method is" +" restricted to producing messages serialized as \"7 bit clean\" when " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` is ``False``, which is the default." +msgstr "" +"请注意，这个方法是为了便利而提供，不一定是适合你的应用程序的最理想的序列化信息的方法。这在你处理多封信息的时候尤甚。如果你需要使用更加灵活的API来序列化信息，请参见" +" :class:`email.generator.Generator` 。同时请注意，当 " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` 属性为其默认值 ``False`` 的时候，本方法将限制其行为为生成以“7" +" bit clean”方式序列化的信息。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:88 +msgid "" +"the default behavior when *maxheaderlen* is not specified was changed from " +"defaulting to 0 to defaulting to the value of *max_line_length* from the " +"policy." +msgstr "*maxheaderlen* 没有被指定时的默认行为从默认为0修改为默认为策略的 *max_line_length* 值。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``as_string(policy=self.policy.clone(utf8=True))``. Allows " +"``str(msg)`` to produce a string containing the serialized message in a " +"readable format." +msgstr "" +"与 ``as_string(policy=self.policy.clone(utf8=True))`` 等价。这将让 ``str(msg)`` " +"产生的字符串包含人类可读的的序列化信息内容。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:99 +msgid "" +"the method was changed to use ``utf8=True``, thus producing an " +":rfc:`6531`-like message representation, instead of being a direct alias for" +" :meth:`as_string`." +msgstr "" +"本方法开始使用 ``utf8=True`` ，而非 :meth:`as_string` 的直接替身。使用 ``utf8=True`` 会产生类似于 " +":rfc:`6531` 的信息表达。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Return the entire message flattened as a bytes object. When optional " +"*unixfrom* is true, the envelope header is included in the returned string." +" *unixfrom* defaults to ``False``. The *policy* argument may be used to " +"override the default policy obtained from the message instance. This can be " +"used to control some of the formatting produced by the method, since the " +"specified *policy* will be passed to the " +":class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator`." +msgstr "" +"以字节串对象的形式返回整个扁平化后的消息。 当可选的 *unixfrom* 为真值时，返回的字符串会包含信封标头。 *unixfrom* 的默认值为 " +"``False``。 *policy* 参数可被用于覆盖从消息实例获取的默认 policy。 这可被用来控制该方法所产生的部分格式效果，因为指定的 " +"*policy* 将被传递给 :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator`。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Note that this method is provided as a convenience and may not be the most " +"useful way to serialize messages in your application, especially if you are " +"dealing with multiple messages. See :class:`email.generator.BytesGenerator`" +" for a more flexible API for serializing messages." +msgstr "" +"请注意，这个方法是为了便利而提供，不一定是适合你的应用程序的最理想的序列化信息的方法。这在你处理多封信息的时候尤甚。如果你需要使用更加灵活的API来序列化信息，请参见" +" :class:`email.generator.BytesGenerator` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to :meth:`.as_bytes`. Allows ``bytes(msg)`` to produce a bytes " +"object containing the serialized message." +msgstr "等价于 :meth:`.as_bytes`。 让 ``bytes(msg)`` 产生一个包含已序列化消息的字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the message's payload is a list of sub-\\ " +":class:`EmailMessage` objects, otherwise return ``False``. When " +":meth:`is_multipart` returns ``False``, the payload should be a string " +"object (which might be a CTE encoded binary payload). Note that " +":meth:`is_multipart` returning ``True`` does not necessarily mean that " +"\"msg.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart'\" will return the ``True``. For " +"example, ``is_multipart`` will return ``True`` when the " +":class:`EmailMessage` is of type ``message/rfc822``." +msgstr "" +"如果该信息的载荷是一个子 :class:`EmailMessage` 对象列表，返回 ``True`` ；否则返回 ``False`` 。在 " +":meth:`is_multipart` 返回 ``True`` " +"的场合下，载荷应当是一个字符串对象（有可能是一个使用了内容传输编码进行编码的二进制载荷）。请注意， :meth:`is_multipart` 返回 " +"``True`` 不意味着 ``msg.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart'`` 也会返回 ``True`` " +"。举个例子， ``is_multipart`` 在 :class:`EmailMessage` 是 ``message/rfc822`` " +"类型的信息的情况下，其返回值也是 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Set the message's envelope header to *unixfrom*, which should be a string. " +"(See :class:`~mailbox.mboxMessage` for a brief description of this header.)" +msgstr "" +"将信息的信封头设置为 *unixform* ，这应当是一个字符串。（在 :class:`~mailbox.mboxMessage` " +"中有关于这个头的一段简短介绍。）" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Return the message's envelope header. Defaults to ``None`` if the envelope " +"header was never set." +msgstr "返回消息的信封头。如果信封头从未被设置过，默认返回 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:156 +msgid "" +"The following methods implement the mapping-like interface for accessing the" +" message's headers. Note that there are some semantic differences between " +"these methods and a normal mapping (i.e. dictionary) interface. For " +"example, in a dictionary there are no duplicate keys, but here there may be " +"duplicate message headers. Also, in dictionaries there is no guaranteed " +"order to the keys returned by :meth:`keys`, but in an :class:`EmailMessage` " +"object, headers are always returned in the order they appeared in the " +"original message, or in which they were added to the message later. Any " +"header deleted and then re-added is always appended to the end of the header" +" list." +msgstr "" +"以下方法实现了对信息的头字段进行访问的类映射接口。请留意，只是类映射接口，这与平常的映射接口（比如说字典映射）有一些语义上的不同。举个例子，在一个字典当中，键之间不可重复，但是信息头字段是可以重复的。不光如此，在字典当中调用" +" :meth:`keys` 方法返回的结果，其顺序没有保证；但是在一个 :class:`EmailMessage` " +"对象当中，返回的头字段永远以其在原信息当中出现的顺序，或以其加入信息的顺序为序。任何删了后又重新加回去的头字段总是添加在当时列表的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:167 +msgid "" +"These semantic differences are intentional and are biased toward convenience" +" in the most common use cases." +msgstr "这些语义上的不同是刻意而为之的，是出于在绝大多数常见使用情景中都方便的初衷下设计的。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Note that in all cases, any envelope header present in the message is not " +"included in the mapping interface." +msgstr "请注意在任何情况下，消息当中的任何封包标头都不会包含在映射接口当中。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:176 +msgid "Return the total number of headers, including duplicates." +msgstr "返回标头的总数，包括重复项。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the message object has a field named *name*. Matching is " +"done without regard to case and *name* does not include the trailing colon." +" Used for the ``in`` operator. For example::" +msgstr "" +"如果消息对象中有一个名为 *name* 的字段，其返回值为 ``True`` 。匹配无视大小写差异， *name* 也不包含末尾的的冒号。 " +"``in`` 操作符的实现中用到了这个方法，比如说：" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:185 +msgid "" +"if 'message-id' in myMessage:\n" +" print('Message-ID:', myMessage['message-id'])" +msgstr "" +"if 'message-id' in myMessage:\n" +" print('Message-ID:', myMessage['message-id'])" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the named header field. *name* does not include the " +"colon field separator. If the header is missing, ``None`` is returned; a " +":exc:`KeyError` is never raised." +msgstr "" +"返回头字段名对应的字段值。 *name* 不含冒号分隔符。如果字段未找到，返回 ``None`` 。 :exc:`KeyError` 异常永不抛出。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Note that if the named field appears more than once in the message's " +"headers, exactly which of those field values will be returned is undefined." +" Use the :meth:`get_all` method to get the values of all the extant headers" +" named *name*." +msgstr "" +"请注意，如果对应名字的字段找到了多个，具体返回哪个字段值是未定义的。请使用 :meth:`get_all` 方法获取当前匹配字段名的所有字段值。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Using the standard (non-``compat32``) policies, the returned value is an " +"instance of a subclass of :class:`email.headerregistry.BaseHeader`." +msgstr "" +"使用标准策略（非 ``compat32``）时，返回值是 :class:`email.headerregistry.BaseHeader` " +"的某个子类的一个实例。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Add a header to the message with field name *name* and value *val*. The " +"field is appended to the end of the message's existing headers." +msgstr "在信息头中添加名为 *name* 值为 *val* 的字段。这个字段会被添加在已有字段列表的结尾处。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Note that this does *not* overwrite or delete any existing header with the " +"same name. If you want to ensure that the new header is the only one " +"present in the message with field name *name*, delete the field first, " +"e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"请注意，这个方法 *既不会* 覆盖 *也不会* 删除任何字段名重名的已有字段。如果你确实想保证新字段是整个信息头当中唯一拥有 *name* " +"字段名的字段，你需要先把旧字段删除。例如：" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:213 +msgid "" +"del msg['subject']\n" +"msg['subject'] = 'Python roolz!'" +msgstr "" +"del msg['subject']\n" +"msg['subject'] = 'Python roolz!'" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:216 +msgid "" +"If the :mod:`policy ` defines certain headers to be unique (as" +" the standard policies do), this method may raise a :exc:`ValueError` when " +"an attempt is made to assign a value to such a header when one already " +"exists. This behavior is intentional for consistency's sake, but do not " +"depend on it as we may choose to make such assignments do an automatic " +"deletion of the existing header in the future." +msgstr "" +"如果 :mod:`policy ` " +"将特定标头定义为唯一的（就像标准策略所做的一样），则当这样的标头已存在时试图为其赋值此方法会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 " +"采取此种行为是出于保持一致性的考量，但不能依赖它因为在未来我们可能会选择让这样的赋值操作自动删除现有的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Delete all occurrences of the field with name *name* from the message's " +"headers. No exception is raised if the named field isn't present in the " +"headers." +msgstr "删除信息头当中字段名匹配 *name* 的所有字段。如果匹配指定名称的字段没有找到，也不会抛出任何异常。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:233 +msgid "Return a list of all the message's header field names." +msgstr "以列表形式返回消息头中所有的字段名。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:238 +msgid "Return a list of all the message's field values." +msgstr "以列表形式返回消息头中所有的字段值。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Return a list of 2-tuples containing all the message's field headers and " +"values." +msgstr "以二元元组的列表形式返回消息头中所有的字段名和字段值。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the named header field. This is identical to " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` except that optional *failobj* is returned if " +"the named header is missing (*failobj* defaults to ``None``)." +msgstr "" +"返回对应标头字段名的值。 这个方法与 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 是一样的，只是如果对应标头不存在则返回可选的 " +"*failobj* (*failobj* 默认为 ``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:254 +msgid "Here are some additional useful header related methods:" +msgstr "以下是一些与头有关的更多有用方法：" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Return a list of all the values for the field named *name*. If there are no " +"such named headers in the message, *failobj* is returned (defaults to " +"``None``)." +msgstr "返回字段名为 *name* 的所有字段值的列表。如果信息内不存在匹配的字段，返回 *failobj* （其默认值为 ``None`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Extended header setting. This method is similar to :meth:`__setitem__` " +"except that additional header parameters can be provided as keyword " +"arguments. *_name* is the header field to add and *_value* is the *primary*" +" value for the header." +msgstr "" +"高级头字段设定。这个方法与 :meth:`__setitem__` 类似，不过你可以使用关键字参数为字段提供附加参数。 *_name* 是字段名， " +"*_value* 是字段 *主* 值。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:271 +msgid "" +"For each item in the keyword argument dictionary *_params*, the key is taken" +" as the parameter name, with underscores converted to dashes (since dashes " +"are illegal in Python identifiers). Normally, the parameter will be added " +"as ``key=\"value\"`` unless the value is ``None``, in which case only the " +"key will be added." +msgstr "" +"对于关键字参数字典 *_params* " +"的每个键值对而言，它的键被用作参数的名字，其中下划线被替换为短横杠（毕竟短横杠不是合法的Python标识符）。一般来讲，参数以 ``键=\"值\"`` " +"的方式添加，除非值是 ``None`` 。要真的是这样的话，只有键会被添加。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:277 +msgid "" +"If the value contains non-ASCII characters, the charset and language may be " +"explicitly controlled by specifying the value as a three tuple in the format" +" ``(CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE)``, where ``CHARSET`` is a string naming the " +"charset to be used to encode the value, ``LANGUAGE`` can usually be set to " +"``None`` or the empty string (see :rfc:`2231` for other possibilities), and " +"``VALUE`` is the string value containing non-ASCII code points. If a three " +"tuple is not passed and the value contains non-ASCII characters, it is " +"automatically encoded in :rfc:`2231` format using a ``CHARSET`` of ``utf-8``" +" and a ``LANGUAGE`` of ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果值含有非 ASCII 字符，你可以将值写成 ``(CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE)`` " +"形式的三元组，这样你可以人为控制字符的字符集和语言。 ``CHARSET`` 是一个字符串，它为你的值的编码命名； ``LANGUAGE`` " +"一般可以直接设为 ``None`` ，也可以直接设为空字符串（其他可能取值参见 :rfc:`2231` ）； ``VALUE`` " +"是一个字符串值，其包含非ASCII的码点。如果你没有使用三元组，你的字符串又含有非 ASCII 字符，那么它就会使用 :rfc:`2231` 中， " +"``CHARSET`` 为 ``utf-8`` ， ``LANGUAGE`` 为 ``None`` 的格式编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:287 +msgid "Here is an example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:289 +msgid "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')" +msgstr "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:291 +msgid "This will add a header that looks like ::" +msgstr "会添加一个形如下文的头字段：" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:293 +msgid "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"bud.gif\"" +msgstr "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"bud.gif\"" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:295 +msgid "An example of the extended interface with non-ASCII characters::" +msgstr "带有非ASCII字符的拓展接口：" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:297 +msgid "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',\n" +" filename=('iso-8859-1', '', 'Fußballer.ppt'))" +msgstr "" +"msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',\n" +" filename=('iso-8859-1', '', 'Fußballer.ppt'))" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:303 +msgid "" +"Replace a header. Replace the first header found in the message that " +"matches *_name*, retaining header order and field name case of the original " +"header. If no matching header is found, raise a :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "" +"替换头字段。只会替换掉信息内找到的第一个字段名匹配 *_name* 的字段值。字段的顺序不变，原字段名的大小写也不变。如果没有找到匹配的字段，抛出 " +":exc:`KeyError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:311 +msgid "" +"Return the message's content type, coerced to lower case of the form " +":mimetype:`maintype/subtype`. If there is no :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"header in the message return the value returned by :meth:`get_default_type`." +" If the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header is invalid, return " +"``text/plain``." +msgstr "" +"返回信息的内容类型，其形如 :mimetype:`maintype/subtype` ，强制全小写。如果信息的 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段不存在则返回 :meth:`get_default_type` 的返回值；如果信息的 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段无效则返回 ``text/plain`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:317 +msgid "" +"(According to :rfc:`2045`, messages always have a default type, " +":meth:`get_content_type` will always return a value. :rfc:`2045` defines a " +"message's default type to be :mimetype:`text/plain` unless it appears inside" +" a :mimetype:`multipart/digest` container, in which case it would be " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822`. If the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header has an" +" invalid type specification, :rfc:`2045` mandates that the default type be " +":mimetype:`text/plain`.)" +msgstr "" +"（根据 :rfc:`2045` 所述，信息永远都有一个默认类型，所以 :meth:`get_content_type` 一定会返回一个值。 " +":rfc:`2045` 定义信息的默认类型为 :mimetype:`text/plain` 或 :mimetype:`message/rfc822` " +"，其中后者仅出现在消息头位于一个 :mimetype:`multipart/digest` 容器中的场合中。如果消息头的 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 字段所指定的类型是无效的， :rfc:`2045` 令其默认类型为 " +":mimetype:`text/plain` 。）" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:328 +msgid "" +"Return the message's main content type. This is the :mimetype:`maintype` " +"part of the string returned by :meth:`get_content_type`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息的主要内容类型。准确来说，此方法返回的是 :meth:`get_content_type` 方法所返回的形如 " +":mimetype:`maintype/subtype` 的字符串当中的 :mimetype:`maintype` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Return the message's sub-content type. This is the :mimetype:`subtype` part" +" of the string returned by :meth:`get_content_type`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息的子内容类型。准确来说，此方法返回的是 :meth:`get_content_type` 方法所返回的形如 " +":mimetype:`maintype/subtype` 的字符串当中的 :mimetype:`subtype` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:340 +msgid "" +"Return the default content type. Most messages have a default content type " +"of :mimetype:`text/plain`, except for messages that are subparts of " +":mimetype:`multipart/digest` containers. Such subparts have a default " +"content type of :mimetype:`message/rfc822`." +msgstr "" +"返回默认的内容类型。绝大多数的信息，其默认内容类型都是 :mimetype:`text/plain` 。作为 " +":mimetype:`multipart/digest` 容器内子部分的信息除外，它们的默认内容类型是 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:348 +msgid "" +"Set the default content type. *ctype* should either be " +":mimetype:`text/plain` or :mimetype:`message/rfc822`, although this is not " +"enforced. The default content type is not stored in the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header, so it only affects the return value of " +"the ``get_content_type`` methods when no :mailheader:`Content-Type` header " +"is present in the message." +msgstr "" +"设置默认的内容类型。 尽管并非强制，但是 *ctype* 仍应当是 :mimetype:`text/plain` 或 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822` 二者取一。默认内容类型并不存储在 :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"头字段当中，所以设置此项的唯一作用就是决定当 :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"头字段在信息中不存在时，``get_content_type`` 方法的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Set a parameter in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header. If the parameter " +"already exists in the header, replace its value with *value*. When *header* " +"is ``Content-Type`` (the default) and the header does not yet exist in the " +"message, add it, set its value to :mimetype:`text/plain`, and append the new" +" parameter value. Optional *header* specifies an alternative header to " +":mailheader:`Content-Type`." +msgstr "" +"在 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段当中设置一个参数。如果该参数已于字段中存在，将其旧值替换为 *value* 。如果 " +"*header* 是 ``Content-Type`` （默认值），并且该头字段于信息中尚未存在，则会先添加该字段，将其值设置为 " +":mimetype:`text/plain` ，并附加参数值。可选的 *header* 可以让你指定 :mailheader:`Content-" +"Type` 之外的另一个头字段。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:366 +msgid "" +"If the value contains non-ASCII characters, the charset and language may be " +"explicitly specified using the optional *charset* and *language* parameters." +" Optional *language* specifies the :rfc:`2231` language, defaulting to the " +"empty string. Both *charset* and *language* should be strings. The default" +" is to use the ``utf8`` *charset* and ``None`` for the *language*." +msgstr "" +"如果值包含非ASCII字符，其字符集和语言可以通过可选参数 *charset* 和 *language* 显式指定。可选参数 *language* 指定" +" :rfc:`2231` 当中的语言，其默认值是空字符串。 *charset* 和 *language* 都应当字符串。默认使用的是 ``utf8`` " +"*charset* ，*language* 为 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:373 +msgid "" +"If *replace* is ``False`` (the default) the header is moved to the end of " +"the list of headers. If *replace* is ``True``, the header will be updated " +"in place." +msgstr "" +"如果 *replace* 为 ``False`` （默认值），该头字段会被移动到所有头字段列表的末尾。如果 *replace* 为 ``True`` " +"，字段会被原地更新。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:377 ../../library/email.message.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Use of the *requote* parameter with :class:`EmailMessage` objects is " +"deprecated." +msgstr "于 :class:`EmailMessage` 对象而言， *requote* 参数已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:380 +msgid "" +"Note that existing parameter values of headers may be accessed through the " +":attr:`~email.headerregistry.ParameterizedMIMEHeader.params` attribute of " +"the header value (for example, ``msg['Content-Type'].params['charset']``)." +msgstr "" +"请注意标头现有的形参值可以通过标头值的 " +":attr:`~email.headerregistry.ParameterizedMIMEHeader.params` 属性来访问 (例如 " +"``msg['Content-Type'].params['charset']``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:384 +msgid "``replace`` keyword was added." +msgstr "添加了 ``replace`` 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:389 +msgid "" +"Remove the given parameter completely from the :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"header. The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its" +" value. Optional *header* specifies an alternative to :mailheader:`Content-" +"Type`." +msgstr "" +"从 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段中完全移去给定的参数。头字段会被原地重写，重写后的字段不含参数和值。可选的 " +"*header* 可以让你指定 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 之外的另一个字段。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the ``filename`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-" +"Disposition` header of the message. If the header does not have a " +"``filename`` parameter, this method falls back to looking for the ``name`` " +"parameter on the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header. If neither is found, or" +" the header is missing, then *failobj* is returned. The returned string will" +" always be unquoted as per :func:`email.utils.unquote`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息头当中 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 字段当中名为 ``filename`` " +"的参数值。如果该字段当中没有此参数，该方法会退而寻找 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 字段当中的 ``name`` " +"参数值。如果这个也没有找到，或者这些个字段压根就不存在，返回 *failobj* 。返回的字符串永远按照 " +":func:`email.utils.unquote` 方法去除引号。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the ``boundary`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-" +"Type` header of the message, or *failobj* if either the header is missing, " +"or has no ``boundary`` parameter. The returned string will always be " +"unquoted as per :func:`email.utils.unquote`." +msgstr "" +"返回信息头当中 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 字段当中名为 ``boundary`` " +"的参数值。如果字段当中没有此参数，或者这些个字段压根就不存在，返回 *failobj* 。返回的字符串永远按照 " +":func:`email.utils.unquote` 方法去除引号。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:419 +msgid "" +"Set the ``boundary`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header to " +"*boundary*. :meth:`set_boundary` will always quote *boundary* if necessary." +" A :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderParseError` is raised if the message object " +"has no :mailheader:`Content-Type` header." +msgstr "" +"将 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段的 ``boundary`` 参数设置为 *boundary* 。 " +":meth:`set_boundary` 方法永远都会在必要的时候为 *boundary* 添加引号。如果信息对象中没有 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段，抛出 :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderParseError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:424 +msgid "" +"Note that using this method is subtly different from deleting the old " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header and adding a new one with the new boundary" +" via :meth:`add_header`, because :meth:`set_boundary` preserves the order of" +" the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header in the list of headers." +msgstr "" +"请注意使用这个方法与直接删除旧的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段然后使用 :meth:`add_header` " +"方法添加一个带有新边界值参数的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段有细微差距。 :meth:`set_boundary` " +"方法会保留 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段在原信息头当中的位置。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:433 +msgid "" +"Return the ``charset`` parameter of the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, " +"coerced to lower case. If there is no :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, or" +" if that header has no ``charset`` parameter, *failobj* is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段中的 ``charset`` " +"参数，强制小写。如果字段当中没有此参数，或者这个字段压根不存在，返回 *failobj* 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:440 +msgid "" +"Return a list containing the character set names in the message. If the " +"message is a :mimetype:`multipart`, then the list will contain one element " +"for each subpart in the payload, otherwise, it will be a list of length 1." +msgstr "" +"返回一个包含了信息内所有字符集名字的列表。 如果信息是 :mimetype:`multipart` " +"类型的，那么列表当中的每一项都对应其载荷的子部分的字符集名字。 否则，该列表是一个长度为 1 的列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:444 +msgid "" +"Each item in the list will be a string which is the value of the ``charset``" +" parameter in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header for the represented " +"subpart. If the subpart has no :mailheader:`Content-Type` header, no " +"``charset`` parameter, or is not of the :mimetype:`text` main MIME type, " +"then that item in the returned list will be *failobj*." +msgstr "" +"列表当中的每一项都是一个字符串，其值为对应子部分的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 头字段的 ``charset`` " +"参数值。如果该子部分没有此头字段，或者没有此参数，或者其主要 MIME 类型并非 :mimetype:`text` ，那么列表中的那一项即为 " +"*failobj* 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if there is a :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header and " +"its (case insensitive) value is ``attachment``, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如果信息头当中存在一个名为 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 的字段，且该字段的值为 ``attachment`` " +"（大小写无关），返回 ``True`` 。否则，返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:456 +msgid "" +"is_attachment is now a method instead of a property, for consistency with " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.is_multipart`." +msgstr "" +"为了与 :meth:`~email.message.Message.is_multipart` 方法一致，is_attachment " +"现在是一个方法，不再是属性了。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Return the lowercased value (without parameters) of the message's " +":mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header if it has one, or ``None``. The " +"possible values for this method are *inline*, *attachment* or ``None`` if " +"the message follows :rfc:`2183`." +msgstr "" +"如果信息的 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 头字段存在，返回其字段值；否则返回 ``None`` " +"。返回的值均为小写，不包含参数。如果信息遵循 :rfc:`2183` 标准，则此方法的返回值只可能在 *inline* 、 *attachment* 和" +" ``None`` 之间选择。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:471 +msgid "" +"The following methods relate to interrogating and manipulating the content " +"(payload) of the message." +msgstr "下列方法与信息内容（载荷）之访问与操控有关。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:477 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`walk` method is an all-purpose generator which can be used to " +"iterate over all the parts and subparts of a message object tree, in depth-" +"first traversal order. You will typically use :meth:`walk` as the iterator " +"in a ``for`` loop; each iteration returns the next subpart." +msgstr "" +":meth:`walk` 方法是一个多功能生成器。它可以被用来以深度优先顺序遍历信息对象树的所有部分和子部分。一般而言， :meth:`walk` " +"会被用作 ``for`` 循环的迭代器，每一次迭代都返回其下一个子部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Here's an example that prints the MIME type of every part of a multipart " +"message structure:" +msgstr "以下例子会打印出一封具有多部分结构之信息的每个部分的 MIME 类型。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:491 +msgid "" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_type())\n" +"multipart/report\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/delivery-status\n" +"text/plain\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/rfc822\n" +"text/plain" +msgstr "" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_type())\n" +"multipart/report\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/delivery-status\n" +"text/plain\n" +"text/plain\n" +"message/rfc822\n" +"text/plain" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:503 +msgid "" +"``walk`` iterates over the subparts of any part where :meth:`is_multipart` " +"returns ``True``, even though ``msg.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart'`` " +"may return ``False``. We can see this in our example by making use of the " +"``_structure`` debug helper function:" +msgstr "" +"``walk`` 会遍历所有 :meth:`is_multipart` 方法返回 ``True`` 的部分之子部分，哪怕 " +"``msg.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart'`` 返回的是 ``False`` 。使用 " +"``_structure`` 除错帮助函数可以帮助我们在下面这个例子当中看清楚这一点：" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:509 +msgid "" +">>> from email.iterators import _structure\n" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart',\n" +"... part.is_multipart())\n" +"True True\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +">>> _structure(msg)\n" +"multipart/report\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/delivery-status\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain" +msgstr "" +">>> from email.iterators import _structure\n" +">>> for part in msg.walk():\n" +"... print(part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart',\n" +"... part.is_multipart())\n" +"True True\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +"False False\n" +"False True\n" +"False False\n" +">>> _structure(msg)\n" +"multipart/report\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/delivery-status\n" +" text/plain\n" +" text/plain\n" +" message/rfc822\n" +" text/plain" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Here the ``message`` parts are not ``multiparts``, but they do contain " +"subparts. ``is_multipart()`` returns ``True`` and ``walk`` descends into the" +" subparts." +msgstr "" +"在这里， ``message`` 的部分并非 ``multiparts`` ，但是它们真的包含子部分！ ``is_multipart()`` 返回 " +"``True`` ， ``walk`` 也深入进这些子部分中。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Return the MIME part that is the best candidate to be the \"body\" of the " +"message." +msgstr "返回信息的 MIME 部分。这个部分是最可能成为信息体的部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:541 +msgid "" +"*preferencelist* must be a sequence of strings from the set ``related``, " +"``html``, and ``plain``, and indicates the order of preference for the " +"content type of the part returned." +msgstr "" +"*preferencelist* 必须是一个字符串序列，其内容从 ``related`` 、 ``html`` 和 ``plain`` " +"这三者组成的集合中选取。这个序列代表着返回的部分的内容类型之偏好。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Start looking for candidate matches with the object on which the " +"``get_body`` method is called." +msgstr "在 ``get_body`` 方法被调用的对象上寻找匹配的候选者。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:548 +msgid "" +"If ``related`` is not included in *preferencelist*, consider the root part " +"(or subpart of the root part) of any related encountered as a candidate if " +"the (sub-)part matches a preference." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``related`` 未包括在 *preferencelist* " +"中，可考虑将所遇到的任意相关的根部分（或根部分的子部分）在该（子）部分与一个首选项相匹配时作为候选项。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:552 +msgid "" +"When encountering a ``multipart/related``, check the ``start`` parameter and" +" if a part with a matching :mailheader:`Content-ID` is found, consider only " +"it when looking for candidate matches. Otherwise consider only the first " +"(default root) part of the ``multipart/related``." +msgstr "" +"当遇到一个 ``multipart/related`` 时，将检查 ``start`` 形参并且如果找到了一个匹配 " +":mailheader:`Content-ID` 的部分，在查找候选匹配时只考虑它。 在其他情况下则只考虑 ``multipart/related`` " +"的第一个（默认的根）部分。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:557 +msgid "" +"If a part has a :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header, only consider the " +"part a candidate match if the value of the header is ``inline``." +msgstr "" +"如果一个部分具有 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 标头，则当标头值为 ``inline`` " +"时将只考虑将该部分作为候选匹配。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:560 +msgid "" +"If none of the candidates matches any of the preferences in " +"*preferencelist*, return ``None``." +msgstr "如果没有任何候选部分匹配 *preferencelist* 中的任何首选项，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Notes: (1) For most applications the only *preferencelist* combinations that" +" really make sense are ``('plain',)``, ``('html', 'plain')``, and the " +"default ``('related', 'html', 'plain')``. (2) Because matching starts with " +"the object on which ``get_body`` is called, calling ``get_body`` on a " +"``multipart/related`` will return the object itself unless *preferencelist* " +"has a non-default value. (3) Messages (or message parts) that do not specify" +" a :mailheader:`Content-Type` or whose :mailheader:`Content-Type` header is " +"invalid will be treated as if they are of type ``text/plain``, which may " +"occasionally cause ``get_body`` to return unexpected results." +msgstr "" +"注: (1) 对于大多数应用来说有意义的 *preferencelist* 组合仅有 ``('plain',)``, ``('html', " +"'plain')`` 以及默认的 ``('related', 'html', 'plain')``。 (2) 由于匹配是从调用 ``get_body``" +" 的对象开始的，因此在 ``multipart/related`` 上调用 ``get_body`` 将返回对象本身，除非 " +"*preferencelist* 具有非默认值。 (3) 未指定 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 或者 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头无效的消息（或消息部分）将被当作具有 ``text/plain`` 类型来处理，这有时可能导致" +" ``get_body`` 返回非预期的结果。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:577 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over all of the immediate sub-parts of the message that " +"are not candidate \"body\" parts. That is, skip the first occurrence of " +"each of ``text/plain``, ``text/html``, ``multipart/related``, or " +"``multipart/alternative`` (unless they are explicitly marked as attachments " +"via :mailheader:`Content-Disposition: attachment`), and return all remaining" +" parts. When applied directly to a ``multipart/related``, return an " +"iterator over the all the related parts except the root part (ie: the part " +"pointed to by the ``start`` parameter, or the first part if there is no " +"``start`` parameter or the ``start`` parameter doesn't match the " +":mailheader:`Content-ID` of any of the parts). When applied directly to a " +"``multipart/alternative`` or a non-``multipart``, return an empty iterator." +msgstr "" +"返回包含所有不是候选 \"body\" 部分的消息的直接子部分的迭代器。 也就是说，跳过首次出现的每个 ``text/plain``, " +"``text/html``, ``multipart/related`` 或 ``multipart/alternative`` (除非通过 " +":mailheader:`Content-Disposition: attachment` 将它们显式地标记为附件)，并返回所有的其余部分。 " +"当直接应用于 ``multipart/related`` 时，将返回包含除根部分之外所有相关部分的迭代器（即由 ``start`` " +"形参所指向的部分，或者当没有 ``start`` 形参或 ``start`` 形参不能匹配任何部分的 :mailheader:`Content-ID` " +"时则为第一部分）。 当直接应用于 ``multipart/alternative`` 或非 ``multipart`` 时，将返回一个空迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:593 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over all of the immediate sub-parts of the message, which" +" will be empty for a non-``multipart``. (See also " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.walk`.)" +msgstr "" +"返回包含消息的所有直接子部分的迭代器，对于非 ``multipart`` 将为空对象。 （另请参阅 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.walk`。）" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:600 +msgid "" +"Call the :meth:`~email.contentmanager.ContentManager.get_content` method of " +"the *content_manager*, passing self as the message object, and passing along" +" any other arguments or keywords as additional arguments. If " +"*content_manager* is not specified, use the ``content_manager`` specified by" +" the current :mod:`~email.policy`." +msgstr "" +"调用 *content_manager* 的 " +":meth:`~email.contentmanager.ContentManager.get_content` " +"方法，将自身作为消息对象传入，并将其他参数或关键字作为额外参数传入。 如果未指定 *content_manager*，则会使用当前 " +":mod:`~email.policy` 所指定的 ``content_manager``。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:609 +msgid "" +"Call the :meth:`~email.contentmanager.ContentManager.set_content` method of " +"the *content_manager*, passing self as the message object, and passing along" +" any other arguments or keywords as additional arguments. If " +"*content_manager* is not specified, use the ``content_manager`` specified by" +" the current :mod:`~email.policy`." +msgstr "" +"调用 *content_manager* 的 " +":meth:`~email.contentmanager.ContentManager.set_content` " +"方法，将自身作为消息传入，并将其他参数或关键字作为额外参数传入。 如果未指定 *content_manager*，则会使用当前 " +":mod:`~email.policy` 所指定的 ``content_manager``。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Convert a non-``multipart`` message into a ``multipart/related`` message, " +"moving any existing :mailheader:`Content-` headers and payload into a (new) " +"first part of the ``multipart``. If *boundary* is specified, use it as the " +"boundary string in the multipart, otherwise leave the boundary to be " +"automatically created when it is needed (for example, when the message is " +"serialized)." +msgstr "" +"将非 ``multipart`` 消息转换为 ``multipart/related`` 消息，将任何现有的 " +":mailheader:`Content-` 标头和载荷移入 ``multipart`` 的（新加）首部分。 如果指定了 " +"*boundary*，会用它作为 multipart 中的分界字符串，否则会在必要时自动创建分界（例如当消息被序列化时）。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:628 +msgid "" +"Convert a non-``multipart`` or a ``multipart/related`` into a " +"``multipart/alternative``, moving any existing :mailheader:`Content-` " +"headers and payload into a (new) first part of the ``multipart``. If " +"*boundary* is specified, use it as the boundary string in the multipart, " +"otherwise leave the boundary to be automatically created when it is needed " +"(for example, when the message is serialized)." +msgstr "" +"将非 ``multipart`` 或 ``multipart/related`` 转换为 " +"``multipart/alternative``，将任何现有的 :mailheader:`Content-` 标头和载荷移入 " +"``multipart`` 的（新加）首部分。 如果指定了 *boundary*，会用它作为 multipart " +"中的分界字符串，否则会在必要时自动创建分界（例如当消息被序列化时）。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:638 +msgid "" +"Convert a non-``multipart``, a ``multipart/related``, or a ``multipart-" +"alternative`` into a ``multipart/mixed``, moving any existing " +":mailheader:`Content-` headers and payload into a (new) first part of the " +"``multipart``. If *boundary* is specified, use it as the boundary string in" +" the multipart, otherwise leave the boundary to be automatically created " +"when it is needed (for example, when the message is serialized)." +msgstr "" +"将非 ``multipart``, ``multipart/related`` 或 ``multipart-alternative`` 转换为 " +"``multipart/mixed``，将任何现有的 :mailheader:`Content-` 标头和载荷移入 ``multipart`` " +"的（新加）首部分。 如果指定了 *boundary*，会用它作为 multipart " +"中的分界字符串，否则会在必要时自动创建分界（例如当消息被序列化时）。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:648 +msgid "" +"If the message is a ``multipart/related``, create a new message object, pass" +" all of the arguments to its :meth:`set_content` method, and " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` it to the ``multipart``. If the " +"message is a non-``multipart``, call :meth:`make_related` and then proceed " +"as above. If the message is any other type of ``multipart``, raise a " +":exc:`TypeError`. If *content_manager* is not specified, use the " +"``content_manager`` specified by the current :mod:`~email.policy`. If the " +"added part has no :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header, add one with the" +" value ``inline``." +msgstr "" +"如果消息为 ``multipart/related``，则创建一个新的消息对象，将所有参数传给其 :meth:`set_content` 方法，并将其 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` 到 ``multipart``。 如果消息为非 " +"``multipart``，则先调用 :meth:`make_related` 然后再继续上述步骤。 如果消息为任何其他类型的 " +"``multipart``，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 如果未指定 *content_manager*，则使用当前 " +":mod:`~email.policy` 所指定的 ``content_manager``。 如果添加的部分没有 " +":mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 标头，则会添加一个值为 ``inline`` 的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:661 +msgid "" +"If the message is a ``multipart/alternative``, create a new message object, " +"pass all of the arguments to its :meth:`set_content` method, and " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` it to the ``multipart``. If the " +"message is a non-``multipart`` or ``multipart/related``, call " +":meth:`make_alternative` and then proceed as above. If the message is any " +"other type of ``multipart``, raise a :exc:`TypeError`. If *content_manager* " +"is not specified, use the ``content_manager`` specified by the current " +":mod:`~email.policy`." +msgstr "" +"如果消息为 ``multipart/alternative``，则创建一个新的消息对象，将所有参数传给其 :meth:`set_content` " +"方法，并将其 :meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` 到 ``multipart``。 如果消息为非 " +"``multipart`` 或 ``multipart/related``，则先调用 :meth:`make_alternative` " +"然后再继续上述步骤。 如果消息为任何其他类型的 ``multipart``，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 如果未指定 " +"*content_manager*，则会使用当前 :mod:`~email.policy` 所指定的 ``content_manager``。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:673 +msgid "" +"If the message is a ``multipart/mixed``, create a new message object, pass " +"all of the arguments to its :meth:`set_content` method, and " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` it to the ``multipart``. If the " +"message is a non-``multipart``, ``multipart/related``, or " +"``multipart/alternative``, call :meth:`make_mixed` and then proceed as " +"above. If *content_manager* is not specified, use the ``content_manager`` " +"specified by the current :mod:`~email.policy`. If the added part has no " +":mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header, add one with the value " +"``attachment``. This method can be used both for explicit attachments " +"(:mailheader:`Content-Disposition: attachment`) and ``inline`` attachments " +"(:mailheader:`Content-Disposition: inline`), by passing appropriate options " +"to the ``content_manager``." +msgstr "" +"如果消息为 ``multipart/mixed``，则创建一个新的消息对象，将所有参数传给其 :meth:`set_content` 方法，并将其 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` 到 ``multipart``。 如果消息为非 ``multipart``," +" ``multipart/related`` 或 ``multipart/alternative``，则先调用 :meth:`make_mixed` " +"然后再继续上述步骤。 如果未指定 *content_manager*，则使用当前 :mod:`~email.policy` 所指定的 " +"``content_manager``。 如果添加的部分没有 :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 标头，则会添加一个值为" +" ``attachment`` 的标头。 此方法对于显式附件 (:mailheader:`Content-Disposition: " +"attachment`) 和 ``inline`` 附件 (:mailheader:`Content-Disposition: inline`) " +"均可使用，只须向 ``content_manager`` 传入适当的选项即可。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:689 +msgid "Remove the payload and all of the headers." +msgstr "移除所有载荷和所有标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:694 +msgid "" +"Remove the payload and all of the :mailheader:`!Content-` headers, leaving " +"all other headers intact and in their original order." +msgstr "移除载荷以及所有 :mailheader:`!Content-` 标头，保持所有其他标头不变并保留其原始顺序。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:698 +msgid ":class:`EmailMessage` objects have the following instance attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`EmailMessage` 对象具有下列实例属性:" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:703 +msgid "" +"The format of a MIME document allows for some text between the blank line " +"following the headers, and the first multipart boundary string. Normally, " +"this text is never visible in a MIME-aware mail reader because it falls " +"outside the standard MIME armor. However, when viewing the raw text of the " +"message, or when viewing the message in a non-MIME aware reader, this text " +"can become visible." +msgstr "" +"MIME 文档格式在标头之后的空白行以及第一个多部分的分界字符串之间允许添加一些文本， 通常，此文本在支持 MIME " +"的邮件阅读器中永远不可见，因为它处在标准 MIME 保护范围之外。 但是，当查看消息的原始文本，或当在不支持 MIME " +"的阅读器中查看消息时，此文本会变得可见。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:710 +msgid "" +"The *preamble* attribute contains this leading extra-armor text for MIME " +"documents. When the :class:`~email.parser.Parser` discovers some text after" +" the headers but before the first boundary string, it assigns this text to " +"the message's *preamble* attribute. When the " +":class:`~email.generator.Generator` is writing out the plain text " +"representation of a MIME message, and it finds the message has a *preamble* " +"attribute, it will write this text in the area between the headers and the " +"first boundary. See :mod:`email.parser` and :mod:`email.generator` for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"*preamble* 属性包含 MIME 文档开头部分的这些处于保护范围之外的文本。 当 :class:`~email.parser.Parser` " +"在标头之后及第一个分界字符串之前发现一些文本时，它会将这些文本赋值给消息的 *preamble* 属性。 当 " +":class:`~email.generator.Generator` 写出 MIME 消息的纯文本表示形式时，如果它发现消息具有 *preamble*" +" 属性，它将在标头及第一个分界之间区域写出这些文本。 请参阅 :mod:`email.parser` 和 :mod:`email.generator` " +"了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:720 +msgid "" +"Note that if the message object has no preamble, the *preamble* attribute " +"will be ``None``." +msgstr "请注意如果消息对象没有前导文本，则 *preamble* 属性将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:726 +msgid "" +"The *epilogue* attribute acts the same way as the *preamble* attribute, " +"except that it contains text that appears between the last boundary and the " +"end of the message. As with the :attr:`~EmailMessage.preamble`, if there is" +" no epilog text this attribute will be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"*epilogue* 属性的作用方式与 *preamble* 相同，区别在于它包含在最后一个分界及消息结尾之间出现的文本。 与 " +":attr:`~EmailMessage.preamble` 类似，如果没有附加文本，则此属性将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:734 +msgid "" +"The *defects* attribute contains a list of all the problems found when " +"parsing this message. See :mod:`email.errors` for a detailed description of" +" the possible parsing defects." +msgstr "" +"*defects* 属性包含在解析消息时发现的所有问题的列表。 请参阅 :mod:`email.errors` 了解可能的解析缺陷的详细描述。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:741 +msgid "" +"This class represents a subpart of a MIME message. It is identical to " +":class:`EmailMessage`, except that no :mailheader:`MIME-Version` headers are" +" added when :meth:`~EmailMessage.set_content` is called, since sub-parts do " +"not need their own :mailheader:`MIME-Version` headers." +msgstr "" +"这个类代表 MIME 消息的子部分。 它与 :class:`EmailMessage` 相似，不同之处在于当 " +":meth:`~EmailMessage.set_content` 被调用时不会添加 :mailheader:`MIME-Version` " +"标头，因为子部分不需要有它们自己的 :mailheader:`MIME-Version` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:748 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.message.rst:749 +msgid "" +"Originally added in 3.4 as a :term:`provisional module `. Docs for legacy message class moved to :ref:`compat32_message`." +msgstr "" +"原先在3.4版本中以 :term:`provisional module ` 添加。过时的文档被移动至 " +":ref:`compat32_message` 。" diff --git a/library/email.mime.po b/library/email.mime.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fadb997b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.mime.po @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.mime`: Creating email and MIME objects from scratch" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.mime`: 从头创建电子邮件和 MIME 对象" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/mime/`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/mime/`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module is part of the legacy (``Compat32``) email API. Its " +"functionality is partially replaced by the :mod:`~email.contentmanager` in " +"the new API, but in certain applications these classes may still be useful, " +"even in non-legacy code." +msgstr "" +"此模块是旧版 (``Compat32``) 电子邮件 API 的组成部分。 它的功能在新版 API 中被 " +":mod:`~email.contentmanager` 部分替代，但在某些应用中这些类仍可能有用，即使是在非旧版代码中。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Ordinarily, you get a message object structure by passing a file or some " +"text to a parser, which parses the text and returns the root message object." +" However you can also build a complete message structure from scratch, or " +"even individual :class:`~email.message.Message` objects by hand. In fact, " +"you can also take an existing structure and add new " +":class:`~email.message.Message` objects, move them around, etc. This makes " +"a very convenient interface for slicing-and-dicing MIME messages." +msgstr "" +"通常，你是通过传递一个文件或一些文本到解析器来获得消息对象结构体的，解析器会解析文本并返回根消息对象。 " +"不过你也可以从头开始构建一个完整的消息结构体，甚至是手动构建单独的 :class:`~email.message.Message` 对象。 " +"实际上，你也可以接受一个现有的结构体并添加新的 :class:`~email.message.Message` 对象并移动它们。 这为切片和分割 " +"MIME 消息提供了非常方便的接口。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:24 +msgid "" +"You can create a new object structure by creating " +":class:`~email.message.Message` instances, adding attachments and all the " +"appropriate headers manually. For MIME messages though, the :mod:`email` " +"package provides some convenient subclasses to make things easier." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过创建 :class:`~email.message.Message` 实例并手动添加附件和所有适当的标头来创建一个新的对象结构体。 不过对于" +" MIME 消息来说，:mod:`email` 包提供了一些便捷子类来让事情变得更容易。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:29 +msgid "Here are the classes:" +msgstr "这些类列示如下:" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:35 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.base`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.base`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:37 +msgid "" +"This is the base class for all the MIME-specific subclasses of " +":class:`~email.message.Message`. Ordinarily you won't create instances " +"specifically of :class:`MIMEBase`, although you could. :class:`MIMEBase` is" +" provided primarily as a convenient base class for more specific MIME-aware " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" +"这是 :class:`~email.message.Message` 的所有 MIME 专属子类。 通常你不会创建专门的 " +":class:`MIMEBase` 实例，尽管你可以这样做。 :class:`MIMEBase` 主要被提供用来作为更具体的 MIME " +"感知子类的便捷基类。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:43 +msgid "" +"*_maintype* is the :mailheader:`Content-Type` major type (e.g. " +":mimetype:`text` or :mimetype:`image`), and *_subtype* is the " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` minor type (e.g. :mimetype:`plain` or " +":mimetype:`gif`). *_params* is a parameter key/value dictionary and is " +"passed directly to :meth:`Message.add_header " +"`." +msgstr "" +"*_maintype* 是 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 的主类型 (例如 :mimetype:`text` 或 " +":mimetype:`image`)，而 *_subtype* 是 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 的次类型 (例如 " +":mimetype:`plain` 或 :mimetype:`gif`)。 *_params* 是一个形参键/值字典并会被直接传递给 " +":meth:`Message.add_header `。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:49 +msgid "" +"If *policy* is specified, (defaults to the :class:`compat32 " +"` policy) it will be passed to " +":class:`~email.message.Message`." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *policy* (默认为 :class:`compat32 ` 策略)，它将被传递给 " +":class:`~email.message.Message`。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The :class:`MIMEBase` class always adds a :mailheader:`Content-Type` header " +"(based on *_maintype*, *_subtype*, and *_params*), and a :mailheader:`MIME-" +"Version` header (always set to ``1.0``)." +msgstr "" +":class:`MIMEBase` 类总是会添加一个 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头 (基于 *_maintype*, " +"*_subtype* 和 *_params*)，以及一个 :mailheader:`MIME-Version` 标头 (总是设为 ``1.0``)。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:57 ../../library/email.mime.rst:104 +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:135 ../../library/email.mime.rst:169 +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:205 ../../library/email.mime.rst:225 +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:259 +msgid "Added *policy* keyword-only parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *policy* 仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:65 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.nonmultipart`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.nonmultipart`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:67 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase`, this is an intermediate " +"base class for MIME messages that are not :mimetype:`multipart`. The " +"primary purpose of this class is to prevent the use of the " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` method, which only makes sense for " +":mimetype:`multipart` messages. If :meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` is" +" called, a :exc:`~email.errors.MultipartConversionError` exception is " +"raised." +msgstr "" +":class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase` 的子类，这是用于非 :mimetype:`multipart` MIME " +"消息的中间基类。 这个类的主要目标是避免使用 :meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` 方法，该方法仅对 " +":mimetype:`multipart` 消息有意义。 如果 :meth:`~email.message.Message.attach` " +"被调用，则会引发 :exc:`~email.errors.MultipartConversionError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:80 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.multipart`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.multipart`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:82 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase`, this is an intermediate " +"base class for MIME messages that are :mimetype:`multipart`. Optional " +"*_subtype* defaults to :mimetype:`mixed`, but can be used to specify the " +"subtype of the message. A :mailheader:`Content-Type` header of " +":mimetype:`multipart/_subtype` will be added to the message object. A " +":mailheader:`MIME-Version` header will also be added." +msgstr "" +":class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase` 的子类，这是用于 :mimetype:`multipart` MIME " +"消息的中间基类。 可选的 *_subtype* 默认为 :mimetype:`mixed`，但可被用来指定消息的子类型。 将会在消息对象中添加一个 " +":mimetype:`multipart/_subtype` 的 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头。 并还将添加一个 " +":mailheader:`MIME-Version` 标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Optional *boundary* is the multipart boundary string. When ``None`` (the " +"default), the boundary is calculated when needed (for example, when the " +"message is serialized)." +msgstr "可选的 *boundary* 是多部分边界字符串。 当为 ``None`` (默认值) 时，则会在必要时（例如当消息被序列化时）计算边界。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:93 +msgid "" +"*_subparts* is a sequence of initial subparts for the payload. It must be " +"possible to convert this sequence to a list. You can always attach new " +"subparts to the message by using the :meth:`Message.attach " +"` method." +msgstr "" +"*_subparts* 是载荷初始子部分的序列。 此序列必须可以被转换为列表。 你总是可以使用 :meth:`Message.attach " +"` 方法将新的子部分附加到消息中。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:98 ../../library/email.mime.rst:131 +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:165 ../../library/email.mime.rst:200 +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:223 ../../library/email.mime.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Optional *policy* argument defaults to :class:`compat32 " +"`." +msgstr "可选的 *policy* 参数默认为 :class:`compat32 `。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Additional parameters for the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header are taken " +"from the keyword arguments, or passed into the *_params* argument, which is " +"a keyword dictionary." +msgstr "" +"用于 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头的附加形参会从关键字参数中获取，或者传入到 *_params* " +"参数，该参数是一个关键字的字典。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:113 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.application`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.application`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:115 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the " +":class:`MIMEApplication` class is used to represent MIME message objects of " +"major type :mimetype:`application`. *_data* contains the bytes for the raw " +"application data. Optional *_subtype* specifies the MIME subtype and " +"defaults to :mimetype:`octet-stream`." +msgstr "" +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` " +"的子类，:class:`MIMEApplication` 类被用来表示主类型为 :mimetype:`application` 的 MIME 消息。 " +"*_data* 为包含原始应用程序数据的字节串。 可选的 *_subtype* 指定 MIME 子类型并默认为 :mimetype:`octet-" +"stream`。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Optional *_encoder* is a callable (i.e. function) which will perform the " +"actual encoding of the data for transport. This callable takes one " +"argument, which is the :class:`MIMEApplication` instance. It should use " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` and " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.set_payload` to change the payload to encoded " +"form. It should also add any :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` or " +"other headers to the message object as necessary. The default encoding is " +"base64. See the :mod:`email.encoders` module for a list of the built-in " +"encoders." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *_encoder* 是一个可调用对象（即函数），它将执行实际的数据编码以便传输。 这个可调用对象接受一个参数，该参数是 " +":class:`MIMEApplication` 的实例。 它应当使用 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` 和 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.set_payload` 来将载荷改为已编码形式。 它还应根据需要将任何 " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 或其他标头添加到消息对象中。 默认编码格式为 base64。 请参阅 " +":mod:`email.encoders` 模块来查看内置编码器列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:133 ../../library/email.mime.rst:167 +msgid "*_params* are passed straight through to the base class constructor." +msgstr "*_params* 会被直接传递给基类的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:144 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.audio`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.audio`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:146 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the " +":class:`MIMEAudio` class is used to create MIME message objects of major " +"type :mimetype:`audio`. *_audiodata* contains the bytes for the raw audio " +"data. If this data can be decoded as au, wav, aiff, or aifc, then the " +"subtype will be automatically included in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` " +"header. Otherwise you can explicitly specify the audio subtype via the " +"*_subtype* argument. If the minor type could not be guessed and *_subtype* " +"was not given, then :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` 的子类，:class:`MIMEAudio` " +"类被用来创建主类型为 :mimetype:`audio` 的 MIME 消息。 *_audiodata* 是包含原始音频数据的字节串。 如果此数据可作为" +" au, wav, aiff 或 aifc 来解码，则其子类型将被自动包括在 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中。 " +"在其他情况下你可以通过 *_subtype* 参数显式地指定音频子类型。 如果无法猜测出次类型并且未给出 *_subtype*，则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Optional *_encoder* is a callable (i.e. function) which will perform the " +"actual encoding of the audio data for transport. This callable takes one " +"argument, which is the :class:`MIMEAudio` instance. It should use " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` and " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.set_payload` to change the payload to encoded " +"form. It should also add any :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` or " +"other headers to the message object as necessary. The default encoding is " +"base64. See the :mod:`email.encoders` module for a list of the built-in " +"encoders." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *_encoder* 是一个可调用对象（即函数），它将执行实际的音频数据编码以便传输。 这个可调用对象接受一个参数，该参数是 " +":class:`MIMEAudio` 的实例。 它应当使用 :meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` 和 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.set_payload` 来将载荷改为已编码形式。 它还应根据需要将任何 " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 或其他标头添加到消息对象中。 默认编码格式为 base64。 请参阅 " +":mod:`email.encoders` 模块来查看内置编码器列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:178 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.image`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.image`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:180 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the " +":class:`MIMEImage` class is used to create MIME message objects of major " +"type :mimetype:`image`. *_imagedata* contains the bytes for the raw image " +"data. If this data type can be detected (jpeg, png, gif, tiff, rgb, pbm, " +"pgm, ppm, rast, xbm, bmp, webp, and exr attempted), then the subtype will be" +" automatically included in the :mailheader:`Content-Type` header. Otherwise " +"you can explicitly specify the image subtype via the *_subtype* argument. If" +" the minor type could not be guessed and *_subtype* was not given, then " +":exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` 的子类，:class:`MIMEImage` " +"类被用来创建主类型为 :mimetype:`image` 的 MIME 消息对象。 *_imagedata* 是包含原始图像数据的字节串。 " +"如果此数据类型可以被检测（将尝试 jpeg, png, gif, tiff, rgb, pbm, pgm, ppm, rast, xbm, bmp, " +"webp 和 exr 类型），则其子类型将被自动包括在 :mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头中。 在其他情况下你可以通过 " +"*_subtype* 参数显式地指定图像子类型。 如果无法猜测出次类型并且未给出 *_subtype*，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Optional *_encoder* is a callable (i.e. function) which will perform the " +"actual encoding of the image data for transport. This callable takes one " +"argument, which is the :class:`MIMEImage` instance. It should use " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` and " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.set_payload` to change the payload to encoded " +"form. It should also add any :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` or " +"other headers to the message object as necessary. The default encoding is " +"base64. See the :mod:`email.encoders` module for a list of the built-in " +"encoders." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *_encoder* 是一个可调用对象（即函数），它将执行实际的图像数据编码以便传输。 这个可调用对象接受一个参数，该参数是 " +":class:`MIMEImage` 的实例。 它应当使用 :meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` 和 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.set_payload` 来将载荷改为已编码形式。 它还应根据需要将任何 " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 或其他标头添加到消息对象中。 默认编码格式为 base64。 请参阅 " +":mod:`email.encoders` 模块来查看内置编码器列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:202 +msgid "" +"*_params* are passed straight through to the " +":class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase` constructor." +msgstr "*_params* 会被直接传递给 :class:`~email.mime.base.MIMEBase` 构造器。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:212 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.message`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.message`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:214 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the " +":class:`MIMEMessage` class is used to create MIME objects of main type " +":mimetype:`message`. *_msg* is used as the payload, and must be an instance " +"of class :class:`~email.message.Message` (or a subclass thereof), otherwise " +"a :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` 的子类，:class:`MIMEMessage` " +"类被用来创建主类型为 :mimetype:`message` 的 MIME 对象。 *_msg* 将被用作载荷，并且必须为 " +":class:`~email.message.Message` 类（或其子类）的实例，否则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Optional *_subtype* sets the subtype of the message; it defaults to " +":mimetype:`rfc822`." +msgstr "可选的 *_subtype* 设置消息的子类型；它的默认值为 :mimetype:`rfc822`。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:232 +msgid "Module: :mod:`email.mime.text`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`email.mime.text`" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:234 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart`, the " +":class:`MIMEText` class is used to create MIME objects of major type " +":mimetype:`text`. *_text* is the string for the payload. *_subtype* is the " +"minor type and defaults to :mimetype:`plain`. *_charset* is the character " +"set of the text and is passed as an argument to the " +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` constructor; it defaults " +"to ``us-ascii`` if the string contains only ``ascii`` code points, and " +"``utf-8`` otherwise. The *_charset* parameter accepts either a string or a " +":class:`~email.charset.Charset` instance." +msgstr "" +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` 的子类，:class:`MIMEText` " +"类被用来创建主类型为 :mimetype:`text` 的 MIME 对象。 *_text* 是用作载荷的字符串。 *_subtype* " +"指定子类型并且默认为 :mimetype:`plain`。 *_charset* 是文本的字符集并会作为参数传递给 " +":class:`~email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart` 构造器；如果该字符串仅包含 ``ascii`` " +"码位则其默认值为 ``us-ascii``，否则为 ``utf-8``。 *_charset* 形参接受一个字符串或是一个 " +":class:`~email.charset.Charset` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Unless the *_charset* argument is explicitly set to ``None``, the MIMEText " +"object created will have both a :mailheader:`Content-Type` header with a " +"``charset`` parameter, and a :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header." +" This means that a subsequent ``set_payload`` call will not result in an " +"encoded payload, even if a charset is passed in the ``set_payload`` command." +" You can \"reset\" this behavior by deleting the ``Content-Transfer-" +"Encoding`` header, after which a ``set_payload`` call will automatically " +"encode the new payload (and add a new :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-" +"Encoding` header)." +msgstr "" +"除非 *_charset* 参数被显式地设为 ``None``，否则所创建的 MIMEText 对象将同时具有附带 ``charset`` 形参的 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 标头，以及 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头。" +" 这意味着后续的 ``set_payload`` 调用将不再产生已编码的载荷，即使它在 ``set_payload`` 命令中被传入。 你可以通过删除 " +"``Content-Transfer-Encoding`` 标头来“重置”此行为，在此之后的 ``set_payload`` " +"调用将自动编码新的载荷（并添加新的 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` 标头）。" + +#: ../../library/email.mime.rst:256 +msgid "*_charset* also accepts :class:`~email.charset.Charset` instances." +msgstr "*_charset* 也可接受 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` 实例。" diff --git a/library/email.parser.po b/library/email.parser.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af952036a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.parser.po @@ -0,0 +1,482 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kevin Deng , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.parser`: Parsing email messages" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.parser`: 解析电子邮件消息" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/parser.py`" +msgstr "**源代码**: :source:`Lib/email/parser.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Message object structures can be created in one of two ways: they can be " +"created from whole cloth by creating an :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`" +" object, adding headers using the dictionary interface, and adding " +"payload(s) using :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` and related" +" methods, or they can be created by parsing a serialized representation of " +"the email message." +msgstr "" +"使用以下两种方法的其中一种以创建消息对象结构：直接创建一个 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` " +"对象，使用字典接口添加消息头，并且使用 :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` " +"和其他相关方法添加消息负载；或者通过解析一个电子邮件消息的序列化表达来创建消息对象结构。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` package provides a standard parser that understands most " +"email document structures, including MIME documents. You can pass the " +"parser a bytes, string or file object, and the parser will return to you the" +" root :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` instance of the object structure." +" For simple, non-MIME messages the payload of this root object will likely " +"be a string containing the text of the message. For MIME messages, the root" +" object will return ``True`` from its " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` method, and the subparts " +"can be accessed via the payload manipulation methods, such as " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.get_body`, " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts`, and " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.walk`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`email` 包提供了一个可以理解包含 MIME 文档在内的绝大多数电子邮件文档结构的标准语法分析程序。 " +"你可以传递给语法分析程序一个字节串、字符串或者文件对象，语法分析程序会返回给你对应于该对象结构的根 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 实例。 对于简单的、非 MIME " +"的消息，这个根对象的负载很可能就是一个包含了该消息文字内容的字符串。 对于 MIME 消息，调用根对象的 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` 方法会返回 " +"``True``，其子项可以通过负载操纵方法来进行访问，例如 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.get_body`、:meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts`" +" 还有 :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.walk`。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:30 +msgid "" +"There are actually two parser interfaces available for use, the " +":class:`Parser` API and the incremental :class:`FeedParser` API. The " +":class:`Parser` API is most useful if you have the entire text of the " +"message in memory, or if the entire message lives in a file on the file " +"system. :class:`FeedParser` is more appropriate when you are reading the " +"message from a stream which might block waiting for more input (such as " +"reading an email message from a socket). The :class:`FeedParser` can " +"consume and parse the message incrementally, and only returns the root " +"object when you close the parser." +msgstr "" +"事实上你可以使用的语法分析程序接口有两种: :class:`Parser` API 和增量式的 :class:`FeedParser` " +"API。当你的全部消息内容都在内存当中，或者整个消息都保存在文件系统内的一个文件当中的时候，:class:`Parser` " +"API非常有用。当你从可能会为了等待更多输入而阻塞的数据流当中读取消息（比如从套接字当中读取电子邮件消息）的时候，:class:`FeedParser`" +" 会更合适。:class:`FeedParser` 会增量读取并解析消息，并且只有在你关闭语法分析程序的时候才会返回根对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Note that the parser can be extended in limited ways, and of course you can " +"implement your own parser completely from scratch. All of the logic that " +"connects the :mod:`email` package's bundled parser and the " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` class is embodied in the " +":class:`~email.policy.Policy` class, so a custom parser can create message " +"object trees any way it finds necessary by implementing custom versions of " +"the appropriate :class:`!Policy` methods." +msgstr "" +"请注意解析器可以进行有限的扩展，当然你也可以完全从零开始实现你自己的解析器。 将 :mod:`email` 包的内置解析器和 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 类连接起来的所有逻辑都保存在 " +":class:`~email.policy.Policy` 类中。 因此自定义解析器可以根据其需要通过实现合适的 :class:`!Policy` " +"方法的自定义版本以任意方式创建消息对象树。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:49 +msgid "FeedParser API" +msgstr "FeedParser API" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The :class:`BytesFeedParser`, imported from the :mod:`email.feedparser` " +"module, provides an API that is conducive to incremental parsing of email " +"messages, such as would be necessary when reading the text of an email " +"message from a source that can block (such as a socket). The " +":class:`BytesFeedParser` can of course be used to parse an email message " +"fully contained in a :term:`bytes-like object`, string, or file, but the " +":class:`BytesParser` API may be more convenient for such use cases. The " +"semantics and results of the two parser APIs are identical." +msgstr "" +"从 :mod:`email.feedparser` 模块导入的 :class:`BytesFeedParser` " +"类提供了一个适合于增量解析电子邮件消息的API，比如说在从一个可能会阻塞（例如套接字）的源当中读取消息文字的场合中它就会变得很有用。当然， " +":class:`BytesFeedParser` 也可以用来解析一个已经完整包含在一个 :term:`bytes-like object` " +"、字符串或文件内的电子邮件消息，但是在这些场合下使用 :class:`BytesParser` " +"API可能会更加方便。这两个语法分析程序API的语义和最终结果是一致的。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The :class:`BytesFeedParser`'s API is simple; you create an instance, feed " +"it a bunch of bytes until there's no more to feed it, then close the parser " +"to retrieve the root message object. The :class:`BytesFeedParser` is " +"extremely accurate when parsing standards-compliant messages, and it does a " +"very good job of parsing non-compliant messages, providing information about" +" how a message was deemed broken. It will populate a message object's " +":attr:`~email.message.EmailMessage.defects` attribute with a list of any " +"problems it found in a message. See the :mod:`email.errors` module for the " +"list of defects that it can find." +msgstr "" +":class:`BytesFeedParser` " +"的API十分简洁易懂：你创建一个语法分析程序的实例，向它不断输入大量的字节直到尽头，然后关闭这个语法分析程序就可以拿到根消息对象了。 " +"在处理符合标准的消息的时候 :class:`BytesFeedParser` " +"非常准确；在处理不符合标准的消息的时候它做的也不差，但这视消息损坏的程度而定。它会向消息对象的 " +":attr:`~email.message.EmailMessage.defects` " +"属性中写入它从消息中找到的问题列表。关于它能找到的所有问题类型的列表，详见 :mod:`email.errors` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:70 +msgid "Here is the API for the :class:`BytesFeedParser`:" +msgstr "这里是 :class:`BytesFeedParser` 的 API：" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`BytesFeedParser` instance. Optional *_factory* is a no-" +"argument callable; if not specified use the " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.message_factory` from the *policy*. Call " +"*_factory* whenever a new message object is needed." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :class:`BytesFeedParser` 实例。可选的 *_factory* 参数是一个不带参数的可调用对象；如果没有被指定，就会使用" +" *policy* 参数的 :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.message_factory` 属性。 " +"每当需要一个新的消息对象的时候，*_factory* 都会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:80 +msgid "" +"If *policy* is specified use the rules it specifies to update the " +"representation of the message. If *policy* is not set, use the " +":class:`compat32 ` policy, which maintains backward " +"compatibility with the Python 3.2 version of the email package and provides " +":class:`~email.message.Message` as the default factory. All other policies " +"provide :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` as the default *_factory*. For " +"more information on what else *policy* controls, see the " +":mod:`~email.policy` documentation." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *policy* 参数，它就会使用这个参数所指定的规则来更新消息的表达方式。 如果没有设定 *policy* 参数，它就会使用 " +":class:`compat32 ` 策略。 这个策略维持了对 Python 3.2 版本的 email " +"包的后向兼容性，并且使用 :class:`~email.message.Message` 作为默认的工厂。 其他策略使用 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 作为默认的 *_factory*。 关于 *policy* 还会控制什么，参见" +" :mod:`~email.policy` 的文档。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:89 ../../library/email.parser.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Note: **The policy keyword should always be specified**; The default will " +"change to :data:`email.policy.default` in a future version of Python." +msgstr "" +"注: **一定要指定policy关键字**。 在未来版本的 Python 当中，它的默认值会变成 " +":data:`email.policy.default`。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:94 ../../library/email.parser.rst:122 +msgid "Added the *policy* keyword." +msgstr "添加了 *policy* 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:95 +msgid "*_factory* defaults to the policy ``message_factory``." +msgstr "*_factory* 默认为策略 ``message_factory``。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Feed the parser some more data. *data* should be a :term:`bytes-like " +"object` containing one or more lines. The lines can be partial and the " +"parser will stitch such partial lines together properly. The lines can have" +" any of the three common line endings: carriage return, newline, or carriage" +" return and newline (they can even be mixed)." +msgstr "" +"向语法分析程序输入更多数据。*data* 应当是一个包含一行或多行内容的 :term:`bytes-like object`。 " +"行内容可以是不完整的，语法分析程序会妥善的将这些不完整的行缝合在一起。每一行可以使用以下三种常见的终止符号的其中一种：回车符、换行符或回车符加换行符（三者甚至可以混合使用）。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Complete the parsing of all previously fed data and return the root message " +"object. It is undefined what happens if :meth:`~feed` is called after this " +"method has been called." +msgstr "完成之前输入的所有数据的解析并返回根消息对象。 如果在这个方法被调用之后仍然调用 :meth:`~feed` 方法，结果是未定义的。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Works like :class:`BytesFeedParser` except that the input to the " +":meth:`~BytesFeedParser.feed` method must be a string. This is of limited " +"utility, since the only way for such a message to be valid is for it to " +"contain only ASCII text or, if :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.utf8` is " +"``True``, no binary attachments." +msgstr "" +"行为跟 :class:`BytesFeedParser` 类一致，只不过向 :meth:`~BytesFeedParser.feed` " +"方法输入的内容必须是字符串。它的实用性有限，因为这种消息只有在其只含有ASCII文字，或者 " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.utf8` 被设置为 ``True`` 且没有二进制格式的附件的时候，才会有效。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:126 +msgid "Parser API" +msgstr "Parser API" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:128 +msgid "" +"The :class:`BytesParser` class, imported from the :mod:`email.parser` " +"module, provides an API that can be used to parse a message when the " +"complete contents of the message are available in a :term:`bytes-like " +"object` or file. The :mod:`email.parser` module also provides " +":class:`Parser` for parsing strings, and header-only parsers, " +":class:`BytesHeaderParser` and :class:`HeaderParser`, which can be used if " +"you're only interested in the headers of the message. " +":class:`BytesHeaderParser` and :class:`HeaderParser` can be much faster in " +"these situations, since they do not attempt to parse the message body, " +"instead setting the payload to the raw body." +msgstr "" +":class:`BytesParser` 类从 :mod:`email.parser` 模块导入，当消息的完整内容包含在一个 :term:`bytes-" +"like object` 或文件中时它提供了可用于解析消息的 API。 :mod:`email.parser` 模块还提供了 " +":class:`Parser` 用来解析字符串，以及只用来解析消息头的 :class:`BytesHeaderParser` 和 " +":class:`HeaderParser`，如果你只对消息头感兴趣就可以使用后两者。 在这种场合下 :class:`BytesHeaderParser`" +" 和 :class:`HeaderParser` 速度非常快，因为它们并不会尝试解析消息体，而是将载荷设为原始数据。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`BytesParser` instance. The *_class* and *policy* arguments" +" have the same meaning and semantics as the *_factory* and *policy* " +"arguments of :class:`BytesFeedParser`." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :class:`BytesParser` 实例。 *_class* 和 *policy* 参数在含义和语义上与 " +":class:`BytesFeedParser` 的 *_factory* 和 *policy* 参数一致。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Removed the *strict* argument that was deprecated in 2.4. Added the " +"*policy* keyword." +msgstr "移除了在2.4版本中被弃用的 *strict* 参数。新增了 *policy* 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:151 ../../library/email.parser.rst:200 +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:280 +msgid "*_class* defaults to the policy ``message_factory``." +msgstr "*_class* 默认为策略 ``message_factory``。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Read all the data from the binary file-like object *fp*, parse the resulting" +" bytes, and return the message object. *fp* must support both the " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` and the :meth:`~io.IOBase.read` methods." +msgstr "" +"从二进制的类文件对象 *fp* 中读取全部数据、解析其字节内容、并返回消息对象。 *fp* 必须同时支持 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` 方法和 :meth:`~io.IOBase.read` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:161 +msgid "" +"The bytes contained in *fp* must be formatted as a block of :rfc:`5322` (or," +" if :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.utf8` is ``True``, :rfc:`6532`) style " +"headers and header continuation lines, optionally preceded by an envelope " +"header. The header block is terminated either by the end of the data or by " +"a blank line. Following the header block is the body of the message (which " +"may contain MIME-encoded subparts, including subparts with a " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` of ``8bit``)." +msgstr "" +"*fp* 内包含的字节内容必须是一块遵循 :rfc:`5322` （如果 :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.utf8` 为 " +"``True``，则为 :rfc:`6532` ）格式风格的消息头和消息头延续行，并可能紧跟一个信封头。 头块要么以数据结束，要么以一个空行为终止。 " +"跟着头块的是消息体（消息体内可能包含 MIME 编码的子部分，这也包括 :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` " +"字段为 ``8bit`` 的子部分）。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Optional *headersonly* is a flag specifying whether to stop parsing after " +"reading the headers or not. The default is ``False``, meaning it parses the" +" entire contents of the file." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *headersonly* 指示了是否应当在读取完消息头后就终止。默认值为 ``False`` ，意味着它会解析整个文件的全部内容。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Similar to the :meth:`parse` method, except it takes a :term:`bytes-like " +"object` instead of a file-like object. Calling this method on a " +":term:`bytes-like object` is equivalent to wrapping *bytes* in a " +":class:`~io.BytesIO` instance first and calling :meth:`parse`." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`parse` 方法类似，只不过它要求输入为一个 :term:`bytes-like object` 而不是类文件对象。于一个 " +":term:`bytes-like object` 调用此方法相当于先将这些字节包装于一个 :class:`~io.BytesIO` 实例中，然后调用 " +":meth:`parse` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:181 ../../library/email.parser.rst:221 +msgid "Optional *headersonly* is as with the :meth:`parse` method." +msgstr "可选的 *headersonly* 与 :meth:`parse` 方法中的 *headersonly* 是一致的。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Exactly like :class:`BytesParser`, except that *headersonly* defaults to " +"``True``." +msgstr "除了 *headersonly* 默认为 ``True``，其他与 :class:`BytesParser` 类完全一样。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:196 +msgid "" +"This class is parallel to :class:`BytesParser`, but handles string input." +msgstr "这个类与 :class:`BytesParser` 一样，但是处理字符串输入。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:198 ../../library/email.parser.rst:245 +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:258 ../../library/email.parser.rst:268 +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:278 +msgid "Removed the *strict* argument. Added the *policy* keyword." +msgstr "移除了 *strict* 参数。添加了 *policy* 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Read all the data from the text-mode file-like object *fp*, parse the " +"resulting text, and return the root message object. *fp* must support both " +"the :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` and the :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` " +"methods on file-like objects." +msgstr "" +"从文本模式的文件型对象 *fp* 读取所有数据，解析所读取的文本，并返回根消息对象。 *fp* 必须同时支持文件型对象上的 " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` 和 :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Other than the text mode requirement, this method operates like " +":meth:`BytesParser.parse`." +msgstr "除了文字模式的要求外，这个方法跟 :meth:`BytesParser.parse` 的运行方式一致。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Similar to the :meth:`parse` method, except it takes a string object instead" +" of a file-like object. Calling this method on a string is equivalent to " +"wrapping *text* in a :class:`~io.StringIO` instance first and calling " +":meth:`parse`." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`parse` 方法类似，只不过它要求输入为一个字符串而不是类文件对象。于一个字符串对象调用此方法相当于先将 *text* 包装于一个 " +":class:`~io.StringIO` 实例中，然后调用 :meth:`parse` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Exactly like :class:`Parser`, except that *headersonly* defaults to " +"``True``." +msgstr "除了 *headersonly* 默认为 ``True`` ，其他与 :class:`Parser` 类完全一样。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Since creating a message object structure from a string or a file object is " +"such a common task, four functions are provided as a convenience. They are " +"available in the top-level :mod:`email` package namespace." +msgstr "" +"考虑到从一个字符串或一个文件对象中创建一个消息对象是非常常见的任务，我们提供了四个方便的函数。它们于顶层 :mod:`email` 包命名空间内可用。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Return a message object structure from a :term:`bytes-like object`. This is" +" equivalent to ``BytesParser().parsebytes(s)``. Optional *_class* and " +"*policy* are interpreted as with the :class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` " +"class constructor." +msgstr "" +"从一个 :term:`bytes-like object` 中返回消息对象。 这与 ``BytesParser().parsebytes(s)`` " +"等价。 可选的 *_class* 和 *policy* 参数与 :class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` " +"类的构造函数的参数含义一致。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Return a message object structure tree from an open binary :term:`file " +"object`. This is equivalent to ``BytesParser().parse(fp)``. *_class* and " +"*policy* are interpreted as with the :class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` " +"class constructor." +msgstr "" +"从打开的二进制 :term:`file object` 中返回消息对象。 这与 ``BytesParser().parse(fp)`` 等价。 " +"*_class* 和 *policy* 参数与 :class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` 类的构造函数的参数含义一致。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Return a message object structure from a string. This is equivalent to " +"``Parser().parsestr(s)``. *_class* and *policy* are interpreted as with the" +" :class:`~email.parser.Parser` class constructor." +msgstr "" +"从一个字符串中返回消息对象。 这与 ``Parser().parsestr(s)`` 等价。 *_class* 和 *policy* 参数与 " +":class:`~email.parser.Parser` 类的构造函数的参数含义一致。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:274 +msgid "" +"Return a message object structure tree from an open :term:`file object`. " +"This is equivalent to ``Parser().parse(fp)``. *_class* and *policy* are " +"interpreted as with the :class:`~email.parser.Parser` class constructor." +msgstr "" +"从一个打开的 :term:`file object` 中返回消息对象。 这与 ``Parser().parse(fp)`` 等价。 *_class* 和" +" *policy* 参数与 :class:`~email.parser.Parser` 类的构造函数的参数含义一致。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Here's an example of how you might use :func:`message_from_bytes` at an " +"interactive Python prompt::" +msgstr "这里是一个展示了你如何在Python交互式命令行中使用 :func:`message_from_bytes` 的例子：" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:286 +msgid "" +">>> import email\n" +">>> msg = email.message_from_bytes(myBytes)" +msgstr "" +">>> import email\n" +">>> msg = email.message_from_bytes(myBytes)" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:291 +msgid "Additional notes" +msgstr "附加说明" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:293 +msgid "Here are some notes on the parsing semantics:" +msgstr "在解析语义的时候请注意：" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Most non-\\ :mimetype:`multipart` type messages are parsed as a single " +"message object with a string payload. These objects will return ``False`` " +"for :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart`, and " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts` will yield an empty list." +msgstr "" +"大多数非 :mimetype:`multipart` 类型的消息都会被解析为一个带有字符串负载的消息对象。这些对象在调用 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` 的时候会返回 ``False`` ，调用 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts` 的时候会产生一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:300 +msgid "" +"All :mimetype:`multipart` type messages will be parsed as a container " +"message object with a list of sub-message objects for their payload. The " +"outer container message will return ``True`` for " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart`, and " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts` will yield a list of " +"subparts." +msgstr "" +"所有 :mimetype:`multipart` 类型的消息都会被解析成一个容器消息对象。该对象的负载是一个子消息对象列表。外层的容器消息在调用 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` 的时候会返回 ``True`` ，在调用 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts` 的时候会产生一个子部分列表。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Most messages with a content type of :mimetype:`message/\\*` (such as " +":mimetype:`message/delivery-status` and :mimetype:`message/rfc822`) will " +"also be parsed as container object containing a list payload of length 1. " +"Their :meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` method will return " +"``True``. The single element yielded by " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts` will be a sub-message object." +msgstr "" +"大多数内容类型为 :mimetype:`message/\\*` （例如 :mimetype:`message/delivery-status` 和 " +":mimetype:`message/rfc822` ）的消息也会被解析为一个负载是长度为1的列表的容器对象。在它们身上调用 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` 方法会返回 ``True`` ，调用 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.iter_parts` 所产生的单个元素会是一个子消息对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.parser.rst:313 +msgid "" +"Some non-standards-compliant messages may not be internally consistent about" +" their :mimetype:`multipart`\\ -edness. Such messages may have a " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` header of type :mimetype:`multipart`, but their " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` method may return " +"``False``. If such messages were parsed with the " +":class:`~email.parser.FeedParser`, they will have an instance of the " +":class:`~email.errors.MultipartInvariantViolationDefect` class in their " +"*defects* attribute list. See :mod:`email.errors` for details." +msgstr "" +"一些不遵循标准的消息在其内部关于它是否为 :mimetype:`multipart` 类型前后不一。这些消息可能在消息头的 " +":mailheader:`Content-Type` 字段中写明为 :mimetype:`multipart` ，但它们的 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.is_multipart` 方法的返回值可能是 ``False`` " +"。如果这种消息被 :class:`~email.parser.FeedParser` 类解析，它们的 *defects* 属性列表当中会有一个 " +":class:`~email.errors.MultipartInvariantViolationDefect` 类的实例。关于更多信息，详见 " +":mod:`email.errors` 。" diff --git a/library/email.po b/library/email.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..521857453 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.po @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email` --- An email and MIME handling package" +msgstr ":mod:`!email` --- 电子邮件与 MIME 处理包" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/__init__.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/__init__.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` package is a library for managing email messages. It is " +"specifically *not* designed to do any sending of email messages to SMTP " +"(:rfc:`2821`), NNTP, or other servers; those are functions of modules such " +"as :mod:`smtplib`. The :mod:`email` package attempts to be as RFC-compliant" +" as possible, supporting :rfc:`5322` and :rfc:`6532`, as well as such MIME-" +"related RFCs as :rfc:`2045`, :rfc:`2046`, :rfc:`2047`, :rfc:`2183`, and " +":rfc:`2231`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`email` 包是一个用于管理电子邮件消息的库。 它 *并非* 专门被设计用来执行向 SMTP (:rfc:`2821`), NNTP " +"或其他服务器发送电子邮件消息；这些是 :mod:`smtplib` 等模块的功能。 :mod:`email` 包试图尽可能地遵循 RFC，支持 " +":rfc:`5322` 和 :rfc:`6532`，以及与 MIME 相关的各个 RFC 例如 :rfc:`2045`, :rfc:`2046`, " +":rfc:`2047`, :rfc:`2183` 和 :rfc:`2231`。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The overall structure of the email package can be divided into three major " +"components, plus a fourth component that controls the behavior of the other " +"components." +msgstr "email 包的总体结构可以分为三个主要组件，另外还有第四个组件用于控制其他组件的行为。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The central component of the package is an \"object model\" that represents " +"email messages. An application interacts with the package primarily through" +" the object model interface defined in the :mod:`~email.message` sub-module." +" The application can use this API to ask questions about an existing email," +" to construct a new email, or to add or remove email subcomponents that " +"themselves use the same object model interface. That is, following the " +"nature of email messages and their MIME subcomponents, the email object " +"model is a tree structure of objects that all provide the " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` API." +msgstr "" +"这个包的中心组件是代表电子邮件消息的“对象模型”。 应用程序主要通过在 :mod:`~email.message` " +"子模块中定义的对象模型接口与这个包进行交互。 应用程序可以使用此 API " +"来询问有关现有电子邮件的问题、构造新的电子邮件，或者添加或移除自身也使用相同对象模型接口的电子邮件子组件。 也就是说，遵循电子邮件消息及其 MIME " +"子组件的性质，电子邮件对象模型是所有提供 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` API 的对象所构成的树状结构。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The other two major components of the package are the :mod:`~email.parser` " +"and the :mod:`~email.generator`. The parser takes the serialized version of" +" an email message (a stream of bytes) and converts it into a tree of " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` objects. The generator takes an " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` and turns it back into a serialized " +"byte stream. (The parser and generator also handle streams of text " +"characters, but this usage is discouraged as it is too easy to end up with " +"messages that are not valid in one way or another.)" +msgstr "" +"这个包的另外两个主要组件是 :mod:`~email.parser` 和 :mod:`~email.generator`。 parser " +"接受电子邮件消息的序列化版本（字节流）并将其转换为 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 对象树。 " +"generator 接受 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 并将其转回序列化的字节流。 (parser 和 " +"generator 还能处理文本字符流，但不建议这种用法，因为这很容易导致某种形式的无效消息。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The control component is the :mod:`~email.policy` module. Every " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`, every :mod:`~email.generator`, and " +"every :mod:`~email.parser` has an associated :mod:`~email.policy` object " +"that controls its behavior. Usually an application only needs to specify " +"the policy when an :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` is created, either " +"by directly instantiating an :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` to create" +" a new email, or by parsing an input stream using a :mod:`~email.parser`. " +"But the policy can be changed when the message is serialized using a " +":mod:`~email.generator`. This allows, for example, a generic email message " +"to be parsed from disk, but to serialize it using standard SMTP settings " +"when sending it to an email server." +msgstr "" +"控制组件是 :mod:`~email.policy` 模块。 每一个 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`、每一个 " +":mod:`~email.generator` 和每一个 :mod:`~email.parser` 都有一个相关联的 " +":mod:`~email.policy` 对象来控制其行为。 通常应用程序只有在 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 被创建时才需要指明控制策略，或者通过直接实例代 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 来新建电子邮件，或者通过使用 :mod:`~email.parser` " +"来解析输入流。 但是策略也可以在使用 :mod:`~email.generator` 序列化消息时被更改。 " +"例如，这允许从磁盘解析通用电子邮件消息，而在将消息发送到电子邮件服务器时使用标准 SMTP 设置对其进行序列化。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:58 +msgid "" +"The email package does its best to hide the details of the various governing" +" RFCs from the application. Conceptually the application should be able to " +"treat the email message as a structured tree of unicode text and binary " +"attachments, without having to worry about how these are represented when " +"serialized. In practice, however, it is often necessary to be aware of at " +"least some of the rules governing MIME messages and their structure, " +"specifically the names and nature of the MIME \"content types\" and how they" +" identify multipart documents. For the most part this knowledge should only" +" be required for more complex applications, and even then it should only be " +"the high level structure in question, and not the details of how those " +"structures are represented. Since MIME content types are used widely in " +"modern internet software (not just email), this will be a familiar concept " +"to many programmers." +msgstr "" +"email 包会尽量地对应用程序隐藏各种控制类 RFC 的细节。 从概念上讲应用程序应当能够将电子邮件消息视为 Unicode " +"文本和二进制附件的结构化树，而不必担心在序列化时要如何表示它们。 但在实际中，经常有必要至少了解一部分控制类 MIME 消息及其结构的规划，特别是 " +"MIME \"内容类型\" 的名称和性质以及它们是如何标识多部分文档的。 " +"在大多数情况下这些知识应当仅对于更复杂的应用程序来说才是必需的，并且即便在那时它也应当仅是特定的高层级结构，而不是如何表示这些结构的细节信息。 由于 " +"MIME 内容类型被广泛应用于现代因特网软件（而非只是电子邮件），因此这对许多程序员来说将是很熟悉的概念。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The following sections describe the functionality of the :mod:`email` " +"package. We start with the :mod:`~email.message` object model, which is the " +"primary interface an application will use, and follow that with the " +":mod:`~email.parser` and :mod:`~email.generator` components. Then we cover " +"the :mod:`~email.policy` controls, which completes the treatment of the main" +" components of the library." +msgstr "" +"以下小节描述了 :mod:`email` 包的具体功能。 我们会从 :mod:`~email.message` " +"对象模型开始，它是应用程序将要使用的主要接口，之后是 :mod:`~email.parser` 和 :mod:`~email.generator` " +"组件。 然后我们会介绍 :mod:`~email.policy` 控制组件，它将完成对这个库的主要组件的处理。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:78 +msgid "" +"The next three sections cover the exceptions the package may raise and the " +"defects (non-compliance with the RFCs) that the :mod:`~email.parser` may " +"detect. Then we cover the :mod:`~email.headerregistry` and the " +":mod:`~email.contentmanager` sub-components, which provide tools for doing " +"more detailed manipulation of headers and payloads, respectively. Both of " +"these components contain features relevant to consuming and producing non-" +"trivial messages, but also document their extensibility APIs, which will be " +"of interest to advanced applications." +msgstr "" +"接下来的三个小节会介绍这个包可能引发的异常以及 :mod:`~email.parser` 可能检测到的缺陷（即与 RFC 不相符）。 然后我们会介绍 " +":mod:`~email.headerregistry` 和 :mod:`~email.contentmanager` " +"子组件，它们分别提供了用于更精细地操纵标题和载荷的工具。 这两个组件除了包含使用与生成非简单消息的相关特性，还记录了它们的可扩展性 " +"API，这将是高级应用程序所感兴趣的内容。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Following those is a set of examples of using the fundamental parts of the " +"APIs covered in the preceding sections." +msgstr "在此之后是一组使用之前小节所介绍的 API 的基本部分的示例。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:90 +msgid "" +"The foregoing represent the modern (unicode friendly) API of the email " +"package. The remaining sections, starting with the " +":class:`~email.message.Message` class, cover the legacy " +":data:`~email.policy.compat32` API that deals much more directly with the " +"details of how email messages are represented. The " +":data:`~email.policy.compat32` API does *not* hide the details of the RFCs " +"from the application, but for applications that need to operate at that " +"level, they can be useful tools. This documentation is also relevant for " +"applications that are still using the :mod:`~email.policy.compat32` API for " +"backward compatibility reasons." +msgstr "" +"前面的内容是 email 包的现代（对 Unicode 支持良好）API。 从 :class:`~email.message.Message` " +"类开始的其余小节则介绍了旧式 :data:`~email.policy.compat32` API，它会更直接地处理如何表示电子邮件消息的细节。 " +":data:`~email.policy.compat32` API *不会* 向应用程序隐藏 RFC " +"的相关细节，但对于需要进行此种层级操作的应用程序来说将是很有用的工具。 此文档对于因向下兼容理由而仍然使用 " +":mod:`~email.policy.compat32` API 的应用程序也是很适合的。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Docs reorganized and rewritten to promote the new " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`/:class:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` API." +msgstr "" +"文档经过重新组织和撰写以鼓励使用新的 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`/:class:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy` API。" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:105 +msgid "Contents of the :mod:`email` package documentation:" +msgstr ":mod:`email` 包文档的内容:" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:120 +msgid "Legacy API:" +msgstr "旧式 API:" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:135 +msgid "Module :mod:`smtplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`smtplib` 模块" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:136 +msgid "SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) client" +msgstr "SMTP (简单邮件传输协议) 客户端" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:138 +msgid "Module :mod:`poplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`poplib` 模块" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:139 +msgid "POP (Post Office Protocol) client" +msgstr "POP (邮局协议) 客户端" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:141 +msgid "Module :mod:`imaplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`imaplib` 模块" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:142 +msgid "IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) client" +msgstr "IMAP (互联网消息访问协议) 客户端" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:144 +msgid "Module :mod:`mailbox`" +msgstr ":mod:`mailbox` 模块" + +#: ../../library/email.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Tools for creating, reading, and managing collections of messages on disk " +"using a variety standard formats." +msgstr "创建、读取和管理使用保存在磁盘中的多种标准格式的消息集的工具。" diff --git a/library/email.policy.po b/library/email.policy.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3541cfafe --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.policy.po @@ -0,0 +1,986 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-10 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.policy`: Policy Objects" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.policy`: 策略对象" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/policy.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/policy.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` package's prime focus is the handling of email messages as " +"described by the various email and MIME RFCs. However, the general format " +"of email messages (a block of header fields each consisting of a name " +"followed by a colon followed by a value, the whole block followed by a blank" +" line and an arbitrary 'body'), is a format that has found utility outside " +"of the realm of email. Some of these uses conform fairly closely to the " +"main email RFCs, some do not. Even when working with email, there are times" +" when it is desirable to break strict compliance with the RFCs, such as " +"generating emails that interoperate with email servers that do not " +"themselves follow the standards, or that implement extensions you want to " +"use in ways that violate the standards." +msgstr "" +":mod:`email` 的主要焦点是按照各种电子邮件和 MIME RFC 的描述来处理电子邮件消息。 " +"但是电子邮件消息的基本格式（一个由名称加冒号加值的标头字段构成的区块，后面再加一个空白行和任意的‘消息体’）是在电子邮件领域以外也获得应用的格式。 " +"这些应用的规则有些与主要电子邮件 RFC 十分接近，有些则很不相同。 即使是操作电子邮件，有时也可能需要打破严格的 RFC " +"规则，例如生成可与某些并不遵循标准的电子邮件服务器互联的电子邮件，或者是实现希望应用某些破坏标准的操作方式的扩展。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Policy objects give the email package the flexibility to handle all these " +"disparate use cases." +msgstr "Policy 对象给予 email 包处理这些不同用例的灵活性。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:31 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Policy` object encapsulates a set of attributes and methods that " +"control the behavior of various components of the email package during use. " +":class:`Policy` instances can be passed to various classes and methods in " +"the email package to alter the default behavior. The settable values and " +"their defaults are described below." +msgstr "" +":class:`Policy` 对象封装了一组属性和方法用来在使用期间控制 email 包中各个组件的行为。 :class:`Policy` " +"实例可以被传给 email 包中的多个类和方法以更改它们的默认行为。 可设置的值及其默认值如下所述。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:37 +msgid "" +"There is a default policy used by all classes in the email package. For all" +" of the :mod:`~email.parser` classes and the related convenience functions, " +"and for the :class:`~email.message.Message` class, this is the " +":class:`Compat32` policy, via its corresponding pre-defined instance " +":const:`compat32`. This policy provides for complete backward compatibility" +" (in some cases, including bug compatibility) with the pre-Python3.3 version" +" of the email package." +msgstr "" +"在 email 包中的所有类会使用一个默认的策略。 对于所有 :mod:`~email.parser` 类及相关的便捷函数，还有对于 " +":class:`~email.message.Message` 类来说，它是 :class:`Compat32` 策略，通过其对应的预定义实例 " +":const:`compat32` 来使用。 这个策略提供了与 Python3.3 版之前的 email " +"包的完全向下兼容性（在某些情况下，也包括对缺陷的兼容性）。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:44 +msgid "" +"This default value for the *policy* keyword to " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` is the :class:`EmailPolicy` policy, via" +" its pre-defined instance :data:`~default`." +msgstr "" +"传给 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 的 *policy* 关键字的默认值是 " +":class:`EmailPolicy` 策略，表示为其预定义的实例 :data:`~default`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:48 +msgid "" +"When a :class:`~email.message.Message` or " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` object is created, it acquires a " +"policy. If the message is created by a :mod:`~email.parser`, a policy " +"passed to the parser will be the policy used by the message it creates. If " +"the message is created by the program, then the policy can be specified when" +" it is created. When a message is passed to a :mod:`~email.generator`, the " +"generator uses the policy from the message by default, but you can also pass" +" a specific policy to the generator that will override the one stored on the" +" message object." +msgstr "" +"在创建 :class:`~email.message.Message` 或 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` " +"对象时，它需要一个策略。 如果消息是由 :mod:`~email.parser` 创建的，则传给该解析器的策略将是它所创建的消息所使用的策略。 " +"如果消息是由程序创建的，则该策略可以在创建它的时候指定。 当消息被传递给 :mod:`~email.generator` " +"时，生成器默认会使用来自该消息的策略，但你也可以将指定的策略传递给生成器，这将覆盖存储在消息对象上的策略。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:57 +msgid "" +"The default value for the *policy* keyword for the :mod:`email.parser` " +"classes and the parser convenience functions **will be changing** in a " +"future version of Python. Therefore you should **always specify explicitly " +"which policy you want to use** when calling any of the classes and functions" +" described in the :mod:`~email.parser` module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`email.parser` 类和解析器便捷函数的 *policy* 关键字的默认值在未来的 Python 版本中 **将会改变**。 " +"因此在调用任何 :mod:`~email.parser` 模块所描述的类和函数时你应当 **总是显式地指定你想要使用的策略**。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:63 +msgid "" +"The first part of this documentation covers the features of :class:`Policy`," +" an :term:`abstract base class` that defines the features that are common to" +" all policy objects, including :const:`compat32`. This includes certain " +"hook methods that are called internally by the email package, which a custom" +" policy could override to obtain different behavior. The second part " +"describes the concrete classes :class:`EmailPolicy` and :class:`Compat32`, " +"which implement the hooks that provide the standard behavior and the " +"backward compatible behavior and features, respectively." +msgstr "" +"本文档的第一部分介绍了 :class:`Policy` 的特性，它是一个 :term:`abstract base class`，定义了所有策略对象包括" +" :const:`compat32` 的共有特性。 这些特性包括一些由 email 包内部调用的特定钩子方法，自定义策略可以重写这些方法以获得不同行为。" +" 第二部分描述了实体类 :class:`EmailPolicy` 和 " +":class:`Compat32`，它们分别实现了提供标准行为和向下兼容行为与特性的钩子。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:72 +msgid "" +":class:`Policy` instances are immutable, but they can be cloned, accepting " +"the same keyword arguments as the class constructor and returning a new " +":class:`Policy` instance that is a copy of the original but with the " +"specified attributes values changed." +msgstr "" +":class:`Policy` 实例是不可变的，但它们可以被克隆，接受与类构造器一致的关键字参数并返回一个新的 :class:`Policy` " +"实例，新实例是原实例的副本，但具有被改变的指定属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:77 +msgid "" +"As an example, the following code could be used to read an email message " +"from a file on disk and pass it to the system ``sendmail`` program on a Unix" +" system:" +msgstr "例如，以下代码可以被用来从一个 Unix 系统的磁盘文件中读取电子邮件消息并将其传递给系统的 ``sendmail`` 程序:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:92 +msgid "" +">>> from email import message_from_binary_file\n" +">>> from email.generator import BytesGenerator\n" +">>> from email import policy\n" +">>> from subprocess import Popen, PIPE\n" +">>> with open('mymsg.txt', 'rb') as f:\n" +"... msg = message_from_binary_file(f, policy=policy.default)\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = Popen(['sendmail', msg['To'].addresses[0]], stdin=PIPE)\n" +">>> g = BytesGenerator(p.stdin, policy=msg.policy.clone(linesep='\\r\\n'))\n" +">>> g.flatten(msg)\n" +">>> p.stdin.close()\n" +">>> rc = p.wait()" +msgstr "" +">>> from email import message_from_binary_file\n" +">>> from email.generator import BytesGenerator\n" +">>> from email import policy\n" +">>> from subprocess import Popen, PIPE\n" +">>> with open('mymsg.txt', 'rb') as f:\n" +"... msg = message_from_binary_file(f, policy=policy.default)\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = Popen(['sendmail', msg['To'].addresses[0]], stdin=PIPE)\n" +">>> g = BytesGenerator(p.stdin, policy=msg.policy.clone(linesep='\\r\\n'))\n" +">>> g.flatten(msg)\n" +">>> p.stdin.close()\n" +">>> rc = p.wait()" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Here we are telling :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` to use the RFC " +"correct line separator characters when creating the binary string to feed " +"into ``sendmail's`` ``stdin``, where the default policy would use ``\\n`` " +"line separators." +msgstr "" +"这里我们让 :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` 在创建要送入 ``sendmail's`` " +"``stdin`` 的二进制字串时使用符合 RFC 的行分隔字符，默认的策略将会使用 ``\\n`` 行分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Some email package methods accept a *policy* keyword argument, allowing the " +"policy to be overridden for that method. For example, the following code " +"uses the :meth:`~email.message.Message.as_bytes` method of the *msg* object " +"from the previous example and writes the message to a file using the native " +"line separators for the platform on which it is running::" +msgstr "" +"某些 email 包的方法接受一个 *policy* 关键字参数，允许为该方法覆盖原有策略。 例如，以下代码使用了来自之前示例的 *msg* 对象的 " +":meth:`~email.message.Message.as_bytes` 方法并使用其运行所在平台的本机行分隔符将消息写入一个文件::" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:125 +msgid "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> with open('converted.txt', 'wb') as f:\n" +"... f.write(msg.as_bytes(policy=msg.policy.clone(linesep=os.linesep)))\n" +"17" +msgstr "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> with open('converted.txt', 'wb') as f:\n" +"... f.write(msg.as_bytes(policy=msg.policy.clone(linesep=os.linesep)))\n" +"17" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Policy objects can also be combined using the addition operator, producing a" +" policy object whose settings are a combination of the non-default values of" +" the summed objects::" +msgstr "Policy 对象也可使用加法运算符进行组合来产生一个新策略对象，其设置是被加总对象的非默认值的组合::" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:134 +msgid "" +">>> compat_SMTP = policy.compat32.clone(linesep='\\r\\n')\n" +">>> compat_strict = policy.compat32.clone(raise_on_defect=True)\n" +">>> compat_strict_SMTP = compat_SMTP + compat_strict" +msgstr "" +">>> compat_SMTP = policy.compat32.clone(linesep='\\r\\n')\n" +">>> compat_strict = policy.compat32.clone(raise_on_defect=True)\n" +">>> compat_strict_SMTP = compat_SMTP + compat_strict" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:138 +msgid "" +"This operation is not commutative; that is, the order in which the objects " +"are added matters. To illustrate::" +msgstr "此运算不满足交换律；也就是说对象的添加顺序很重要。 见以下演示::" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:141 +msgid "" +">>> policy100 = policy.compat32.clone(max_line_length=100)\n" +">>> policy80 = policy.compat32.clone(max_line_length=80)\n" +">>> apolicy = policy100 + policy80\n" +">>> apolicy.max_line_length\n" +"80\n" +">>> apolicy = policy80 + policy100\n" +">>> apolicy.max_line_length\n" +"100" +msgstr "" +">>> policy100 = policy.compat32.clone(max_line_length=100)\n" +">>> policy80 = policy.compat32.clone(max_line_length=80)\n" +">>> apolicy = policy100 + policy80\n" +">>> apolicy.max_line_length\n" +"80\n" +">>> apolicy = policy80 + policy100\n" +">>> apolicy.max_line_length\n" +"100" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:153 +msgid "" +"This is the :term:`abstract base class` for all policy classes. It provides" +" default implementations for a couple of trivial methods, as well as the " +"implementation of the immutability property, the :meth:`clone` method, and " +"the constructor semantics." +msgstr "" +"这是所有策略类的 :term:`abstract base class`。 " +"它提供了一些简单方法的默认实现，以及不可变特征属性，:meth:`clone` 方法以及构造器语义的实现。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:158 +msgid "" +"The constructor of a policy class can be passed various keyword arguments. " +"The arguments that may be specified are any non-method properties on this " +"class, plus any additional non-method properties on the concrete class. A " +"value specified in the constructor will override the default value for the " +"corresponding attribute." +msgstr "" +"可以向策略类的构造器传入各种关键字参数。 可以指定的参数是该类的任何非方法特征属性，以及实体类的任何额外非方法特征属性。 " +"在构造器中指定的值将覆盖相应属性的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:164 +msgid "" +"This class defines the following properties, and thus values for the " +"following may be passed in the constructor of any policy class:" +msgstr "这个类定义了下列特征属性，因此下列值可以被传给任何策略类的构造器:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:170 +msgid "" +"The maximum length of any line in the serialized output, not counting the " +"end of line character(s). Default is 78, per :rfc:`5322`. A value of ``0``" +" or :const:`None` indicates that no line wrapping should be done at all." +msgstr "" +"序列化输出中任何行的最大长度，不计入行字符的末尾。 默认值为 78，基于 :rfc:`5322`。 值为 ``0`` 或 :const:`None` " +"表示完全没有行包装。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:178 +msgid "" +"The string to be used to terminate lines in serialized output. The default " +"is ``\\n`` because that's the internal end-of-line discipline used by " +"Python, though ``\\r\\n`` is required by the RFCs." +msgstr "" +"用来在序列化输出中确定行的字符串。 默认值为 ``\\n`` 因为这是 Python 所使用的内部行结束符规范，但 RFC 的要求是 " +"``\\r\\n``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Controls the type of Content Transfer Encodings that may be or are required " +"to be used. The possible values are:" +msgstr "控制可能要求使用的内容传输编码格式类型。 可能的值包括:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:191 +msgid "``7bit``" +msgstr "``7bit``" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:191 +msgid "" +"all data must be \"7 bit clean\" (ASCII-only). This means that where " +"necessary data will be encoded using either quoted-printable or base64 " +"encoding." +msgstr "所有数据必须为 \"纯 7 比特位\" (仅 ASCII)。 这意味着在必要情况下数据将使用可打印引用形式或 base64 编码格式进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:195 +msgid "``8bit``" +msgstr "``8bit``" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:195 +msgid "" +"data is not constrained to be 7 bit clean. Data in headers is still " +"required to be ASCII-only and so will be encoded (see :meth:`fold_binary` " +"and :attr:`~EmailPolicy.utf8` below for exceptions), but body parts may use " +"the ``8bit`` CTE." +msgstr "" +"数据不会被限制为纯 7 比特位。 标头中的数据仍要求仅 ASCII 因此将被编码（参阅下文的 :meth:`fold_binary` 和 " +":attr:`~EmailPolicy.utf8` 了解例外情况），但消息体部分可能使用 ``8bit`` CTE。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:201 +msgid "" +"A ``cte_type`` value of ``8bit`` only works with ``BytesGenerator``, not " +"``Generator``, because strings cannot contain binary data. If a " +"``Generator`` is operating under a policy that specifies ``cte_type=8bit``, " +"it will act as if ``cte_type`` is ``7bit``." +msgstr "" +"``cte_type`` 值为 ``8bit`` 仅适用于 ``BytesGenerator`` 而非 " +"``Generator``，因为字符串不能包含二进制数据。 如果 ``Generator`` 运行于指定了 ``cte_type=8bit`` " +"的策略，它的行为将与 ``cte_type`` 为 ``7bit`` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:209 +msgid "" +"If :const:`True`, any defects encountered will be raised as errors. If " +":const:`False` (the default), defects will be passed to the " +":meth:`register_defect` method." +msgstr "" +"如为 :const:`True`，则遇到的任何缺陷都将引发错误。 如为 :const:`False` (默认值)，则缺陷将被传递给 " +":meth:`register_defect` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:216 +msgid "" +"If :const:`True`, lines starting with *\"From \"* in the body are escaped by" +" putting a ``>`` in front of them. This parameter is used when the message " +"is being serialized by a generator. Default: :const:`False`." +msgstr "" +"如为 :const:`True`，则消息体中以 *\"From \"* 开头的行会通过在其前面放一个 ``>`` 来进行转义。 " +"当消息被生成器执行序列化时会使用此形参。 默认值t: :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:226 +msgid "" +"A factory function for constructing a new empty message object. Used by the" +" parser when building messages. Defaults to ``None``, in which case " +":class:`~email.message.Message` is used." +msgstr "" +"用来构造新的空消息对象的工厂函数。 在构建消息时由解析器使用。 默认为 ``None``，在此情况下会使用 " +":class:`~email.message.Message`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:235 +msgid "" +"If ``True`` (the default), the generator will raise " +":exc:`~email.errors.HeaderWriteError` instead of writing a header that is " +"improperly folded or delimited, such that it would be parsed as multiple " +"headers or joined with adjacent data. Such headers can be generated by " +"custom header classes or bugs in the ``email`` module." +msgstr "" +"如为 ``True`` (默认值)，则生成器会引发 raise :exc:`~email.errors.HeaderWriteError` " +"而不是写入一个不正确地折叠或设限的标头，以便它可以被解析为多重标头或与相邻数据合并。 这样的标头可通过自定义标头类或 ``email`` " +"模块中的程序错误来生成。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:242 +msgid "" +"As it's a security feature, this defaults to ``True`` even in the " +":class:`~email.policy.Compat32` policy. For backwards compatible, but " +"unsafe, behavior, it must be set to ``False`` explicitly." +msgstr "" +"由于它是一个安全特性，即使是在 :class:`~email.policy.Compat32` 策略中该值也默认为 ``True``。 " +"为了保持向下兼容但是不安全的行为，它必须显式地被设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:250 +msgid "" +"The following :class:`Policy` method is intended to be called by code using " +"the email library to create policy instances with custom settings:" +msgstr "下列 :class:`Policy` 方法是由使用 email 库的代码来调用以创建具有自室外设置的策略实例:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`Policy` instance whose attributes have the same values " +"as the current instance, except where those attributes are given new values " +"by the keyword arguments." +msgstr "返回一个新的 :class:`Policy` 实例，其属性与当前实例具有相同的值，除非是那些由关键字参数给出了新值的属性。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:261 +msgid "" +"The remaining :class:`Policy` methods are called by the email package code, " +"and are not intended to be called by an application using the email package." +" A custom policy must implement all of these methods." +msgstr "" +"其余的 :class:`Policy` 方法是由 email 包代码来调用的，而不应当被使用 email 包的应用程序所调用。 " +"自定义的策略必须实现所有这些方法。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Handle a *defect* found on *obj*. When the email package calls this method," +" *defect* will always be a subclass of :class:`~email.errors.MessageDefect`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:272 +msgid "" +"The default implementation checks the :attr:`raise_on_defect` flag. If it " +"is ``True``, *defect* is raised as an exception. If it is ``False`` (the " +"default), *obj* and *defect* are passed to :meth:`register_defect`." +msgstr "" +"默认实现会检查 :attr:`raise_on_defect` 旗标。 如果其为 ``True``，则 *defect* 会被作为异常来引发。 如果其为" +" ``False`` (默认值)，则 *obj* 和 *defect* 会被传递给 :meth:`register_defect`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Register a *defect* on *obj*. In the email package, *defect* will always be" +" a subclass of :class:`~email.errors.MessageDefect`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:282 +msgid "" +"The default implementation calls the ``append`` method of the ``defects`` " +"attribute of *obj*. When the email package calls :attr:`handle_defect`, " +"*obj* will normally have a ``defects`` attribute that has an ``append`` " +"method. Custom object types used with the email package (for example, " +"custom ``Message`` objects) should also provide such an attribute, otherwise" +" defects in parsed messages will raise unexpected errors." +msgstr "" +"默认实现会调用 *obj* 的 ``defects`` 属性的 ``append`` 方法。 当 email 包调用 " +":attr:`handle_defect` 时，*obj* 通常将具有一个带 ``append`` 方法的 ``defects`` 属性。 配合 " +"email 包使用的自定义对象类型（例如自定义的 ``Message`` 对象）也应当提供这样的属性，否则在被解析消息中的缺陷将引发非预期的错误。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:292 +msgid "Return the maximum allowed number of headers named *name*." +msgstr "返回名为 *name* 的标头的最大允许数量。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:294 +msgid "" +"Called when a header is added to an :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` or " +":class:`~email.message.Message` object. If the returned value is not ``0`` " +"or ``None``, and there are already a number of headers with the name *name* " +"greater than or equal to the value returned, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"当添加一个标头到 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 或 " +":class:`~email.message.Message` 对象时被调用。 如果返回值不为 ``0`` 或 ``None``，并且已有的名称为 " +"*name* 的标头数量大于等于所返回的值，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Because the default behavior of ``Message.__setitem__`` is to append the " +"value to the list of headers, it is easy to create duplicate headers without" +" realizing it. This method allows certain headers to be limited in the " +"number of instances of that header that may be added to a ``Message`` " +"programmatically. (The limit is not observed by the parser, which will " +"faithfully produce as many headers as exist in the message being parsed.)" +msgstr "" +"由于 ``Message.__setitem__`` 的默认行为是将值添加到标头列表，因此很容易不知情地创建重复的标头。 " +"此方法允许在程序中限制可以被添加到 ``Message`` 中的特定标头的实例数量。 " +"（解析器不会考虑此限制，它将忠实地产生被解析消息中存在的任意数量的标头。）" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:308 +msgid "The default implementation returns ``None`` for all header names." +msgstr "默认实现对于所有标头名称都返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:313 +msgid "" +"The email package calls this method with a list of strings, each string " +"ending with the line separation characters found in the source being parsed." +" The first line includes the field header name and separator. All " +"whitespace in the source is preserved. The method should return the " +"``(name, value)`` tuple that is to be stored in the ``Message`` to represent" +" the parsed header." +msgstr "" +"email 包调用此方法时将传入一个字符串列表，其中每个字符串以在被解析源中找到的行分隔符结束。 第一行包括字段标头名称和分隔符。 " +"源中的所有空白符都会被保留。 此方法应当返回 ``(name, value)`` 元组以保存至 ``Message`` 中来代表被解析的标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:320 +msgid "" +"If an implementation wishes to retain compatibility with the existing email " +"package policies, *name* should be the case preserved name (all characters " +"up to the '``:``' separator), while *value* should be the unfolded value " +"(all line separator characters removed, but whitespace kept intact), " +"stripped of leading whitespace." +msgstr "" +"如果一个实现希望保持与现有 email 包策略的兼容性，则 *name* 应当为保留大小写形式的名称（所有字符直至 '``:``' 分隔符），而 " +"*value* 应当为展开后的值（移除所有行分隔符，但空白符保持不变），并移除开头的空白符。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:326 +msgid "*sourcelines* may contain surrogateescaped binary data." +msgstr "*sourcelines* 可以包含经替代转义的二进制数据。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:328 ../../library/email.policy.rst:344 +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:360 +msgid "There is no default implementation" +msgstr "此方法没有默认实现" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The email package calls this method with the name and value provided by the " +"application program when the application program is modifying a ``Message`` " +"programmatically (as opposed to a ``Message`` created by a parser). The " +"method should return the ``(name, value)`` tuple that is to be stored in the" +" ``Message`` to represent the header." +msgstr "" +"当一个应用通过程序代码修改 ``Message`` (而不是由解析器创建 ``Message``) 时，email " +"包会调用此方法并附带应用程序所提供的名称和值。 此方法应当返回 ``(name, value)`` 元组以保存至 ``Message`` " +"中用来表示标头。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:339 +msgid "" +"If an implementation wishes to retain compatibility with the existing email " +"package policies, the *name* and *value* should be strings or string " +"subclasses that do not change the content of the passed in arguments." +msgstr "" +"如果一个实现希望保持与现有 email 包策略的兼容性，则 *name* 和 *value* " +"应当为字符串或字符串的子类，它们不会修改在参数中传入的内容。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:349 +msgid "" +"The email package calls this method with the *name* and *value* currently " +"stored in the ``Message`` when that header is requested by the application " +"program, and whatever the method returns is what is passed back to the " +"application as the value of the header being retrieved. Note that there may " +"be more than one header with the same name stored in the ``Message``; the " +"method is passed the specific name and value of the header destined to be " +"returned to the application." +msgstr "" +"当标头被应用程序所请求时，email 包会调用此方法并附带当前保存在 ``Message`` 中的 *name* 和 " +"*value*，并且无论此方法返回什么它都会被回传给应用程序作为被提取标头的值。 请注意可能会有多个相同名称的标头被保存在 ``Message`` " +"中；此方法会将指定标头的名称和值返回给应用程序。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:357 +msgid "" +"*value* may contain surrogateescaped binary data. There should be no " +"surrogateescaped binary data in the value returned by the method." +msgstr "*value* 可能包含经替代转义的二进制数据。 此方法所返回的值应当没有经替代转义的二进制数据。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:365 +msgid "" +"The email package calls this method with the *name* and *value* currently " +"stored in the ``Message`` for a given header. The method should return a " +"string that represents that header \"folded\" correctly (according to the " +"policy settings) by composing the *name* with the *value* and inserting " +":attr:`linesep` characters at the appropriate places. See :rfc:`5322` for a" +" discussion of the rules for folding email headers." +msgstr "" +"email 包调用此方法时会附带当前保存在 ``Message`` 中的给定标头的 *name* 和 *value*。 " +"此方法应当返回一个代表该标头的（根据策略设置）通过处理 *name* 和 *value* 并在适当位置插入 :attr:`linesep` " +"字符来正确地“折叠”的字符串。 请参阅 :rfc:`5322` 了解有关折叠电子邮件标头的规则的讨论。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:372 +msgid "" +"*value* may contain surrogateescaped binary data. There should be no " +"surrogateescaped binary data in the string returned by the method." +msgstr "*value* 可能包含经替代转义的二进制数据。 此方法所返回的字符串应当没有经替代转义的二进制数据。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:378 +msgid "" +"The same as :meth:`fold`, except that the returned value should be a bytes " +"object rather than a string." +msgstr "与 :meth:`fold` 类似，不同之处在于返回的值应当为字节串对象而非字符串。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:381 +msgid "" +"*value* may contain surrogateescaped binary data. These could be converted " +"back into binary data in the returned bytes object." +msgstr "*value* 可能包含经替代转义的二进制数据。 这些数据可以在被返回的字节串对象中被转换回二进制数据。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:388 +msgid "" +"This concrete :class:`Policy` provides behavior that is intended to be fully" +" compliant with the current email RFCs. These include (but are not limited " +"to) :rfc:`5322`, :rfc:`2047`, and the current MIME RFCs." +msgstr "" +"这个实体 :class:`Policy` 提供了完全遵循当前电子邮件 RFC 的行为。 这包括 (但不限于) :rfc:`5322`, " +":rfc:`2047` 以及当前的各种 MIME RFC。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:392 +msgid "" +"This policy adds new header parsing and folding algorithms. Instead of " +"simple strings, headers are ``str`` subclasses with attributes that depend " +"on the type of the field. The parsing and folding algorithm fully implement" +" :rfc:`2047` and :rfc:`5322`." +msgstr "" +"此策略添加了新的标头解析和折叠算法。 标头不是简单的字符串，而是带有依赖于字段类型的属性的 ``str`` 的子类。 这个解析和折叠算法完整实现了 " +":rfc:`2047` 和 :rfc:`5322`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:397 +msgid "" +"The default value for the :attr:`~email.policy.Policy.message_factory` " +"attribute is :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`." +msgstr "" +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.message_factory` 属性的默认值为 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:400 +msgid "" +"In addition to the settable attributes listed above that apply to all " +"policies, this policy adds the following additional attributes:" +msgstr "除了上面列出的适用于所有策略的可设置属性，此策略还添加了下列额外属性:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:403 +msgid "[1]_" +msgstr "[1]_" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:408 +msgid "" +"If ``False``, follow :rfc:`5322`, supporting non-ASCII characters in headers" +" by encoding them as \"encoded words\". If ``True``, follow :rfc:`6532` and" +" use ``utf-8`` encoding for headers. Messages formatted in this way may be " +"passed to SMTP servers that support the ``SMTPUTF8`` extension " +"(:rfc:`6531`)." +msgstr "" +"如为 ``False``，则遵循 :rfc:`5322`，通过编码为“已编码字”来支持标头中的非 ASCII 字符。 如为 ``True``，则遵循 " +":rfc:`6532` 并对标头使用 ``utf-8`` 编码格式。 以此方式格式化的消息可被传递给支持 ``SMTPUTF8`` 扩展 " +"(:rfc:`6531`) 的 SMTP 服务器。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:417 +msgid "" +"If the value for a header in the ``Message`` object originated from a " +":mod:`~email.parser` (as opposed to being set by a program), this attribute " +"indicates whether or not a generator should refold that value when " +"transforming the message back into serialized form. The possible values " +"are:" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``Message`` 对象中标头的值源自 :mod:`~email.parser` " +"(而非由程序设置)，此属性会表明当将消息转换回序列化形式时是否应当由生成器来重新折叠该值。 可能的值如下:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:424 +msgid "``none``" +msgstr "``none``" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:424 +msgid "all source values use original folding" +msgstr "所有源值使用原始折叠" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:426 +msgid "``long``" +msgstr "``long``" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:426 +msgid "" +"source values that have any line that is longer than ``max_line_length`` " +"will be refolded" +msgstr "具有任何长度超过 ``max_line_length`` 的行的源值将被折叠" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:429 +msgid "``all``" +msgstr "``all``" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:429 +msgid "all values are refolded." +msgstr "所有值会被重新折叠。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:432 +msgid "The default is ``long``." +msgstr "默认值为 ``long``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:437 +msgid "" +"A callable that takes two arguments, ``name`` and ``value``, where ``name`` " +"is a header field name and ``value`` is an unfolded header field value, and " +"returns a string subclass that represents that header. A default " +"``header_factory`` (see :mod:`~email.headerregistry`) is provided that " +"supports custom parsing for the various address and date :RFC:`5322` header " +"field types, and the major MIME header field stypes. Support for additional" +" custom parsing will be added in the future." +msgstr "" +"该可调用对象接受两个参数，``name`` 和 ``value``，其中 ``name`` 为标头字段名而 ``value`` " +"为展开后的标头字段值，并返回一个表示该标头的字符串子类。 已提供的默认 ``header_factory`` (参见 " +":mod:`~email.headerregistry`) 支持对各种地址和日期 :RFC:`5322` 标头字段类型及主要 MIME " +"标头字段类型的自定义解析。 未来还将添加对其他自定义解析的支持。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:448 +msgid "" +"An object with at least two methods: get_content and set_content. When the " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.get_content` or " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` method of an " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` object is called, it calls the " +"corresponding method of this object, passing it the message object as its " +"first argument, and any arguments or keywords that were passed to it as " +"additional arguments. By default ``content_manager`` is set to " +":data:`~email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager`." +msgstr "" +"此对象至少有两个方法: get_content 和 set_content。 当一个 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` 对象的 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.get_content` 或 " +":meth:`~email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` " +"方法被调用时，它会调用此对象的相应方法，将消息对象作为其第一个参数，并将传给它的任何参数或关键字作为附加参数传入。 默认情况下 " +"``content_manager`` 会被设为 :data:`~email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:460 ../../library/email.policy.rst:618 +msgid "" +"The class provides the following concrete implementations of the abstract " +"methods of :class:`Policy`:" +msgstr "这个类提供了下列对 :class:`Policy` 的抽象方法的具体实现:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Returns the value of the :attr:`~email.headerregistry.BaseHeader.max_count` " +"attribute of the specialized class used to represent the header with the " +"given name." +msgstr "" +"返回用来表示具有给定名称的标头的专用类的 :attr:`~email.headerregistry.BaseHeader.max_count` " +"属性的值。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:474 ../../library/email.policy.rst:624 +msgid "" +"The name is parsed as everything up to the '``:``' and returned unmodified." +" The value is determined by stripping leading whitespace off the remainder " +"of the first line, joining all subsequent lines together, and stripping any " +"trailing carriage return or linefeed characters." +msgstr "" +"此名称会被作为到 '``:``' 止的所有内容来解析。 " +"该值是通过从第一行的剩余部分去除前导空格，再将所有后续行连接到一起，并去除所有末尾回车符或换行符来确定的。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:482 +msgid "" +"The name is returned unchanged. If the input value has a ``name`` attribute" +" and it matches *name* ignoring case, the value is returned unchanged. " +"Otherwise the *name* and *value* are passed to ``header_factory``, and the " +"resulting header object is returned as the value. In this case a " +"``ValueError`` is raised if the input value contains CR or LF characters." +msgstr "" +"name 将会被原样返回。 如果输入值具有 ``name`` 属性并可在忽略大小写的情况下匹配 *name*，则 value 也会被原样返回。 " +"在其他情况下 *name* 和 *value* 会被传递给 ``header_factory``，并将结果标头对象作为值返回。 在此情况下如果输入值包含" +" CR 或 LF 字符则会引发 ``ValueError``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:492 +msgid "" +"If the value has a ``name`` attribute, it is returned to unmodified. " +"Otherwise the *name*, and the *value* with any CR or LF characters removed, " +"are passed to the ``header_factory``, and the resulting header object is " +"returned. Any surrogateescaped bytes get turned into the unicode unknown-" +"character glyph." +msgstr "" +"如果值具有 ``name`` 属性，它会被原样返回。 在其他情况下 *name* 和移除了所有 CR 和 LF 字符的 *value* 会被传递给 " +"``header_factory``，并返回结果标头对象。 任何经替代转义的字节串会被转换为 unicode 未知字符字形。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:501 +msgid "" +"Header folding is controlled by the :attr:`refold_source` policy setting. A " +"value is considered to be a 'source value' if and only if it does not have a" +" ``name`` attribute (having a ``name`` attribute means it is a header object" +" of some sort). If a source value needs to be refolded according to the " +"policy, it is converted into a header object by passing the *name* and the " +"*value* with any CR and LF characters removed to the ``header_factory``. " +"Folding of a header object is done by calling its ``fold`` method with the " +"current policy." +msgstr "" +"标头折叠是由 :attr:`refold_source` 策略设置来控制的。 当且仅当一个值没有 ``name`` 属性（具有 ``name`` " +"属性就意味着它是某种标头对象）它才会被当作是“源值”。 如果一个原值需要按照策略来重新折叠，则会通过将 *name* 和去除了所有 CR 和 LF " +"字符的 *value* 传递给 ``header_factory`` 来将其转换为标头对象。 标头对象的折叠是通过调用其 ``fold`` " +"方法并附带当前策略来完成的。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Source values are split into lines using :meth:`~str.splitlines`. If the " +"value is not to be refolded, the lines are rejoined using the ``linesep`` " +"from the policy and returned. The exception is lines containing non-ascii " +"binary data. In that case the value is refolded regardless of the " +"``refold_source`` setting, which causes the binary data to be CTE encoded " +"using the ``unknown-8bit`` charset." +msgstr "" +"源值会使用 :meth:`~str.splitlines` 来拆分成多行。 如果该值不被重新折叠，则会使用策略中的 ``linesep`` " +"重新合并这些行并将其返回。 例外的是包含非 ascii 二进制数据的行。 在此情况下无论 ``refold_source`` " +"如何设置该值都会被重新折叠，这会导致二进制数据使用 ``unknown-8bit`` 字符集进行 CTE 编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:520 +msgid "" +"The same as :meth:`fold` if :attr:`~Policy.cte_type` is ``7bit``, except " +"that the returned value is bytes." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Policy.cte_type` 为 ``7bit`` 则与 :meth:`fold` 类似，不同之处在于返回的值是字节串。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:523 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~Policy.cte_type` is ``8bit``, non-ASCII binary data is converted " +"back into bytes. Headers with binary data are not refolded, regardless of " +"the ``refold_header`` setting, since there is no way to know whether the " +"binary data consists of single byte characters or multibyte characters." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Policy.cte_type` 为 ``8bit``，则将非 ASCII 二进制数据转换回字节串。 " +"带有二进制数据的标头不会被重新折叠，无论 ``refold_header`` 设置如何，因为无法知晓该二进制数据是由单字节字符还是多字节字符组成的。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:530 +msgid "" +"The following instances of :class:`EmailPolicy` provide defaults suitable " +"for specific application domains. Note that in the future the behavior of " +"these instances (in particular the ``HTTP`` instance) may be adjusted to " +"conform even more closely to the RFCs relevant to their domains." +msgstr "" +"以下 :class:`EmailPolicy` 的实例提供了适用于特定应用领域的默认值。 请注意在未来这些实例（特别是 ``HTTP`` " +"实例）的行为可能会被调整以便更严格地遵循与其领域相关的 RFC。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:538 +msgid "" +"An instance of ``EmailPolicy`` with all defaults unchanged. This policy " +"uses the standard Python ``\\n`` line endings rather than the RFC-correct " +"``\\r\\n``." +msgstr "" +"一个未改变任何默认值的 ``EmailPolicy`` 实例。 此策略使用标准的 Python ``\\n`` 行结束符而非遵循 RFC 的 " +"``\\r\\n``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Suitable for serializing messages in conformance with the email RFCs. Like " +"``default``, but with ``linesep`` set to ``\\r\\n``, which is RFC compliant." +msgstr "" +"适用于按照符合电子邮件 RFC 的方式来序列化消息。 与 ``default`` 类似，但 ``linesep`` 被设为遵循 RFC 的 " +"``\\r\\n``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:552 +msgid "" +"The same as ``SMTP`` except that :attr:`~EmailPolicy.utf8` is ``True``. " +"Useful for serializing messages to a message store without using encoded " +"words in the headers. Should only be used for SMTP transmission if the " +"sender or recipient addresses have non-ASCII characters (the " +":meth:`smtplib.SMTP.send_message` method handles this automatically)." +msgstr "" +"与 ``SMTP`` 类似但是 :attr:`~EmailPolicy.utf8` 为 ``True``。 " +"适用于在不使用标头内已编码字的情况下对消息进行序列化。 如果发送方或接收方地址具有非 ASCII 字符则应当只被用于 SMTP 传输 " +"(:meth:`smtplib.SMTP.send_message` 方法会自动如此处理)。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:561 +msgid "" +"Suitable for serializing headers with for use in HTTP traffic. Like " +"``SMTP`` except that ``max_line_length`` is set to ``None`` (unlimited)." +msgstr "" +"适用于序列化标头以在 HTTP 通信中使用。 与 ``SMTP`` 类似但是 ``max_line_length`` 被设为 ``None`` " +"(无限制)。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:567 +msgid "" +"Convenience instance. The same as ``default`` except that " +"``raise_on_defect`` is set to ``True``. This allows any policy to be made " +"strict by writing::" +msgstr "" +"便捷实例。 与 ``default`` 类似但是 ``raise_on_defect`` 被设为 ``True``。 " +"这样可以允许通过以下写法来严格地设置任何策略::" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:571 +msgid "somepolicy + policy.strict" +msgstr "somepolicy + policy.strict" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:574 +msgid "" +"With all of these :class:`EmailPolicies <.EmailPolicy>`, the effective API " +"of the email package is changed from the Python 3.2 API in the following " +"ways:" +msgstr "" +"因为所有这些 :class:`EmailPolicies <.EmailPolicy>`，email 包的高效 API 相比 Python 3.2 " +"API 发生了以下几方面变化:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:577 +msgid "" +"Setting a header on a :class:`~email.message.Message` results in that header" +" being parsed and a header object created." +msgstr "在 :class:`~email.message.Message` 中设置标头将使得该标头被解析并创建一个标头对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:580 +msgid "" +"Fetching a header value from a :class:`~email.message.Message` results in " +"that header being parsed and a header object created and returned." +msgstr "从 :class:`~email.message.Message` 提取标头将使得该标头被解析并创建和返回一个标头对象。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Any header object, or any header that is refolded due to the policy " +"settings, is folded using an algorithm that fully implements the RFC folding" +" algorithms, including knowing where encoded words are required and allowed." +msgstr "" +"任何标头对象或任何由于策略设置而被重新折叠的标头都会使用一种完全实现了 RFC 折叠算法的算法来进行折叠，包括知道在休息需要并允许已编码字。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:589 +msgid "" +"From the application view, this means that any header obtained through the " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` is a header object with extra " +"attributes, whose string value is the fully decoded unicode value of the " +"header. Likewise, a header may be assigned a new value, or a new header " +"created, using a unicode string, and the policy will take care of converting" +" the unicode string into the correct RFC encoded form." +msgstr "" +"从应用程序的视角来看，这意味着任何通过 :class:`~email.message.EmailMessage` " +"获得的标头都是具有附加属性的标头对象，其字符串值都是该标头的完全解码后的 unicode 值。 类似地，可以使用 unicode " +"对象为一个标头赋予新的值，或创建一个新的标头对象，并且该策略将负责把该 unicode 字符串转换为正确的 RFC 已编码形式。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:596 +msgid "" +"The header objects and their attributes are described in " +":mod:`~email.headerregistry`." +msgstr "标头对象及其属性的描述见 :mod:`~email.headerregistry`。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:603 +msgid "" +"This concrete :class:`Policy` is the backward compatibility policy. It " +"replicates the behavior of the email package in Python 3.2. The " +":mod:`~email.policy` module also defines an instance of this class, " +":const:`compat32`, that is used as the default policy. Thus the default " +"behavior of the email package is to maintain compatibility with Python 3.2." +msgstr "" +"这个实体 :class:`Policy` 为向下兼容策略。 它复制了 Python 3.2 中 email 包的行为。 " +":mod:`~email.policy` 模块还定义了该类的一个实例 :const:`compat32`，用来作为默认策略。 因此 email " +"包的默认行为会保持与 Python 3.2 的兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:609 +msgid "" +"The following attributes have values that are different from the " +":class:`Policy` default:" +msgstr "下列属性具有与 :class:`Policy` 默认值不同的值:" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:615 +msgid "The default is ``True``." +msgstr "默认值为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:632 +msgid "The name and value are returned unmodified." +msgstr "name 和 value 会被原样返回。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:637 +msgid "" +"If the value contains binary data, it is converted into a " +":class:`~email.header.Header` object using the ``unknown-8bit`` charset. " +"Otherwise it is returned unmodified." +msgstr "" +"如果 value 包含二进制数据，则会使用 ``unknown-8bit`` 字符集来将其转换为 " +":class:`~email.header.Header` 对象。 在其他情况下它会被原样返回。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Headers are folded using the :class:`~email.header.Header` folding " +"algorithm, which preserves existing line breaks in the value, and wraps each" +" resulting line to the ``max_line_length``. Non-ASCII binary data are CTE " +"encoded using the ``unknown-8bit`` charset." +msgstr "" +"标头会使用 :class:`~email.header.Header` 折叠算法进行折叠，该算法保留 value " +"中现有的换行，并将每个结果行的长度折叠至 ``max_line_length``。 非 ASCII 二进制数据会使用 ``unknown-8bit`` " +"字符串进行 CTE 编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:652 +msgid "" +"Headers are folded using the :class:`~email.header.Header` folding " +"algorithm, which preserves existing line breaks in the value, and wraps each" +" resulting line to the ``max_line_length``. If ``cte_type`` is ``7bit``, " +"non-ascii binary data is CTE encoded using the ``unknown-8bit`` charset. " +"Otherwise the original source header is used, with its existing line breaks " +"and any (RFC invalid) binary data it may contain." +msgstr "" +"标头会使用 :class:`~email.header.Header` 折叠算法进行折叠，该算法保留 value " +"中现有的换行，并将每个结果行的长度折叠至 ``max_line_length``。 如果 ``cte_type`` 为 ``7bit``，则非 " +"ascii 二进制数据会使用 ``unknown-8bit`` 字符集进行 CTE 编码。 " +"在其他情况下则会使用原始的源标头，这将保留其现有的换行和所包含的任何（不符合 RFC 的）二进制数据。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:662 +msgid "" +"An instance of :class:`Compat32`, providing backward compatibility with the" +" behavior of the email package in Python 3.2." +msgstr ":class:`Compat32` 的实例，提供与 Python 3.2 中的 email 包行为的向下兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:667 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.policy.rst:668 +msgid "" +"Originally added in 3.3 as a :term:`provisional feature `." +msgstr "最初在 3.3 中作为 :term:`暂定特性 ` 添加。" diff --git a/library/email.utils.po b/library/email.utils.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a8ae18b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/email.utils.po @@ -0,0 +1,349 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Larry Wang , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!email.utils`: Miscellaneous utilities" +msgstr ":mod:`!email.utils`: 杂项工具" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/email/utils.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/email/utils.py`" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:11 +msgid "" +"There are a couple of useful utilities provided in the :mod:`email.utils` " +"module:" +msgstr ":mod:`email.utils` 模块提供如下几个工具" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Return local time as an aware datetime object. If called without arguments," +" return current time. Otherwise *dt* argument should be a " +":class:`~datetime.datetime` instance, and it is converted to the local time " +"zone according to the system time zone database. If *dt* is naive (that is," +" ``dt.tzinfo`` is ``None``), it is assumed to be in local time. The *isdst*" +" parameter is ignored." +msgstr "" +"将当地时间作为感知型datetime 对象返回。 如果不带参数地调用，则返回当前时间。 否则 *dt* 参数应为 " +":class:`~datetime.datetime` 的实例，并将根据系统时区数据库将其转换为当地时区。 如果 *dt* 为简单型 (即 " +"``dt.tzinfo`` 为 ``None``)，它将被假定为当地时间。 *isdst* 形参将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:25 +msgid "The *isdst* parameter." +msgstr "*isdst* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Returns a string suitable for an :rfc:`2822`\\ -compliant " +":mailheader:`Message-ID` header. Optional *idstring* if given, is a string " +"used to strengthen the uniqueness of the message id. Optional *domain* if " +"given provides the portion of the msgid after the '@'. The default is the " +"local hostname. It is not normally necessary to override this default, but " +"may be useful certain cases, such as a constructing distributed system that " +"uses a consistent domain name across multiple hosts." +msgstr "" +"返回一个适合作为兼容 :rfc:`2822` 的 :mailheader:`Message-ID` 标头的字符串。可选参数 *idstring* " +"可传入一字符串以增强该消息 ID 的唯一性。可选参数 *domain* 可用于提供消息 ID 中字符 '@' " +"之后的部分，其默认值是本机的主机名。正常情况下无需覆盖此默认值，但在特定情况下覆盖默认值可能会有用，比如构建一个分布式系统，在多台主机上采用一致的域名。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:38 +msgid "Added the *domain* keyword." +msgstr "增加了关键字 *domain*" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:42 +msgid "" +"The remaining functions are part of the legacy (``Compat32``) email API. " +"There is no need to directly use these with the new API, since the parsing " +"and formatting they provide is done automatically by the header parsing " +"machinery of the new API." +msgstr "" +"下列函数是旧（``Compat32``）电子邮件 API 的一部分。新 API 提供的解析和格式化在标头解析机制中已经被自动完成，故在使用新 API " +"时没有必要直接使用它们函数。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Return a new string with backslashes in *str* replaced by two backslashes, " +"and double quotes replaced by backslash-double quote." +msgstr "返回一个新的字符串， *str* 中的反斜杠被替换为两个反斜杠，并且双引号被替换为反斜杠加双引号。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Return a new string which is an *unquoted* version of *str*. If *str* ends " +"and begins with double quotes, they are stripped off. Likewise if *str* " +"ends and begins with angle brackets, they are stripped off." +msgstr "" +"返回 *str* 被去除引用版本的字符串。如果 *str* 开头和结尾均是双引号，则这对双引号被去除。类似地，如果 *str* " +"开头和结尾都是尖角括号，这对尖角括号会被去除。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Parse address -- which should be the value of some address-containing field " +"such as :mailheader:`To` or :mailheader:`Cc` -- into its constituent " +"*realname* and *email address* parts. Returns a tuple of that information, " +"unless the parse fails, in which case a 2-tuple of ``('', '')`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"将地址（应为诸如 :mailheader:`To` 或者 :mailheader:`Cc` 之类包含地址的字段值）解析为构成之的 *真实名字* 和 " +"*电子邮件地址* 部分。返回包含这两个信息的一个元组；如若解析失败，则返回一个二元组 ``('', '')`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:68 ../../library/email.utils.rst:96 +msgid "" +"If *strict* is true, use a strict parser which rejects malformed inputs." +msgstr "如果 *strict* 为真值，将使用拒绝错误形式输入的严格解析器。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:70 ../../library/email.utils.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Add *strict* optional parameter and reject malformed inputs by default." +msgstr "增加了 *strict* 可选形参并将默认拒绝错误形式输入。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:76 +msgid "" +"The inverse of :meth:`parseaddr`, this takes a 2-tuple of the form " +"``(realname, email_address)`` and returns the string value suitable for a " +":mailheader:`To` or :mailheader:`Cc` header. If the first element of *pair*" +" is false, then the second element is returned unmodified." +msgstr "" +"是 :meth:`parseaddr` 的逆操作，接受一个 ``(真实名字, 电子邮件地址)`` 的二元组，并返回适合于 " +":mailheader:`To` or :mailheader:`Cc` 标头的字符串。如果第一个元素为假性值，则第二个元素将被原样返回。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Optional *charset* is the character set that will be used in the :rfc:`2047`" +" encoding of the ``realname`` if the ``realname`` contains non-ASCII " +"characters. Can be an instance of :class:`str` or a " +":class:`~email.charset.Charset`. Defaults to ``utf-8``." +msgstr "" +"可选地，如果指定 *charset*，则被视为一符合 :rfc:`2047` 的编码字符集，用于编码 ``真实名字`` 中的非 ASCII " +"字符。可以是一个 :class:`str` 类的实例，或者一个 :class:`~email.charset.Charset` 类。默认为 " +"``utf-8`` 。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:86 +msgid "Added the *charset* option." +msgstr "添加了 *charset* 选项。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:92 +msgid "" +"This method returns a list of 2-tuples of the form returned by " +"``parseaddr()``. *fieldvalues* is a sequence of header field values as might" +" be returned by :meth:`Message.get_all `." +msgstr "" +"该方法返回一个与 ``parseaddr()`` 返回值形式相同的 2 元组。 *fieldvalues* 是与 " +":meth:`Message.get_all ` 返回值形式相同的由标头字段值组成的序列。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:98 +msgid "Here's a simple example that gets all the recipients of a message::" +msgstr "下面简单示例可获取一条消息的所有接收方::" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:100 +msgid "" +"from email.utils import getaddresses\n" +"\n" +"tos = msg.get_all('to', [])\n" +"ccs = msg.get_all('cc', [])\n" +"resent_tos = msg.get_all('resent-to', [])\n" +"resent_ccs = msg.get_all('resent-cc', [])\n" +"all_recipients = getaddresses(tos + ccs + resent_tos + resent_ccs)" +msgstr "" +"from email.utils import getaddresses\n" +"\n" +"tos = msg.get_all('to', [])\n" +"ccs = msg.get_all('cc', [])\n" +"resent_tos = msg.get_all('resent-to', [])\n" +"resent_ccs = msg.get_all('resent-cc', [])\n" +"all_recipients = getaddresses(tos + ccs + resent_tos + resent_ccs)" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Attempts to parse a date according to the rules in :rfc:`2822`. however, " +"some mailers don't follow that format as specified, so :func:`parsedate` " +"tries to guess correctly in such cases. *date* is a string containing an " +":rfc:`2822` date, such as ``\"Mon, 20 Nov 1995 19:12:08 -0500\"``. If it " +"succeeds in parsing the date, :func:`parsedate` returns a 9-tuple that can " +"be passed directly to :func:`time.mktime`; otherwise ``None`` will be " +"returned. Note that indexes 6, 7, and 8 of the result tuple are not usable." +msgstr "" +"尝试根据 :rfc:`2822` 的规则解析一个日期。然而，有些寄信人不严格遵守这一格式，所以这种情况下 :func:`parsedate` " +"会尝试猜测其形式。*date* 是一个字符串包含了一个形如 ``\"Mon, 20 Nov 1995 19:12:08 -0500\"`` 的 " +":rfc:`2822` 格式日期。如果日期解析成功， :func:`parsedate` 将返回一个九元组，可直接传递给 " +":func:`time.mktime`；否则返回 ``None``。注意返回的元组中下标为 6、7、8 的部分是无用的。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Performs the same function as :func:`parsedate`, but returns either ``None``" +" or a 10-tuple; the first 9 elements make up a tuple that can be passed " +"directly to :func:`time.mktime`, and the tenth is the offset of the date's " +"timezone from UTC (which is the official term for Greenwich Mean Time) [#]_." +" If the input string has no timezone, the last element of the tuple " +"returned is ``0``, which represents UTC. Note that indexes 6, 7, and 8 of " +"the result tuple are not usable." +msgstr "" +"执行与 :func:`parsedate` 相同的功能，但会返回 ``None`` 或是一个 10 元组；前 9 个元素构成一个可以直接传给 " +":func:`time.mktime` 的元组，而第十个元素则是该日期的时区与 UTC (格林威治平均时 GMT 的正式名称) [#]_ 的时差。 " +"如果输入字符串不带时区，则所返回元组的最后一个元素将为 ``0``，这表示 UTC。 请注意结果元组的索引号 6, 7 和 8 是不可用的。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:135 +msgid "" +"The inverse of :func:`format_datetime`. Performs the same function as " +":func:`parsedate`, but on success returns a :mod:`~datetime.datetime`; " +"otherwise ``ValueError`` is raised if *date* contains an invalid value such " +"as an hour greater than 23 or a timezone offset not between -24 and 24 " +"hours. If the input date has a timezone of ``-0000``, the ``datetime`` will " +"be a naive ``datetime``, and if the date is conforming to the RFCs it will " +"represent a time in UTC but with no indication of the actual source timezone" +" of the message the date comes from. If the input date has any other valid " +"timezone offset, the ``datetime`` will be an aware ``datetime`` with the " +"corresponding a :class:`~datetime.timezone` :class:`~datetime.tzinfo`." +msgstr "" +":func:`format_datetime` 的逆操作。 执行与 :func:`parsedate` 相同的功能，但会在成功时返回一个 " +":mod:`~datetime.datetime`；否则如果 *date* 包含无效的值例如小时值大于 23 或时区偏移量不在 -24 和 24 " +"时范围之内则会引发 ``ValueError``。 如果输入日期的时区值为 ``-0000``，则 ``datetime`` 将为一个简单形 " +"``datetime``，而如果日期符合 RFC 标准则它将代表一个 UTC 时间，但是并不指明日期所在消息的实际源时区。 " +"如果输入日期具有任何其他有效的时区偏移量，则 ``datetime`` 将是一个感知型 ``datetime`` 并与 " +":class:`~datetime.timezone` :class:`~datetime.tzinfo` 相对应。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Turn a 10-tuple as returned by :func:`parsedate_tz` into a UTC timestamp " +"(seconds since the Epoch). If the timezone item in the tuple is ``None``, " +"assume local time." +msgstr "" +"将 :func:`parsedate_tz` 所返回的 10 元组转换为一个 UTC 时间戳（相距 Epoch 纪元初始的秒数）。 如果元组中的时区项为" +" ``None``，则视为当地时间。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:158 +msgid "Returns a date string as per :rfc:`2822`, e.g.::" +msgstr "返回 :rfc:`2822` 标准的日期字符串，例如::" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:160 +msgid "Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000" +msgstr "Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Optional *timeval* if given is a floating-point time value as accepted by " +":func:`time.gmtime` and :func:`time.localtime`, otherwise the current time " +"is used." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *timeval* 如果给出，则是一个可被 :func:`time.gmtime` 和 :func:`time.localtime` " +"接受的浮点数时间值，否则会使用当前时间。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Optional *localtime* is a flag that when ``True``, interprets *timeval*, and" +" returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly " +"taking daylight savings time into account. The default is ``False`` meaning " +"UTC is used." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *localtime* 是一个旗标，当为 ``True`` 时，将会解析 *timeval*，并返回一个相对于当地时区而非 UTC " +"的日期值，并会适当地考虑夏令时。 默认值 ``False`` 表示使用 UTC。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Optional *usegmt* is a flag that when ``True``, outputs a date string with " +"the timezone as an ascii string ``GMT``, rather than a numeric ``-0000``. " +"This is needed for some protocols (such as HTTP). This only applies when " +"*localtime* is ``False``. The default is ``False``." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *usegmt* 是一个旗标，当为 ``True`` 时，将会输出一个日期字符串，其中时区表示为 ascii 字符串 ``GMT`` " +"而非数字形式的 ``-0000``。 这对某些协议（例如 HTTP）来说是必要的。 这仅在 *localtime* 为 ``False`` 时应用。 " +"默认值为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Like ``formatdate``, but the input is a :mod:`datetime` instance. If it is " +"a naive datetime, it is assumed to be \"UTC with no information about the " +"source timezone\", and the conventional ``-0000`` is used for the timezone. " +"If it is an aware ``datetime``, then the numeric timezone offset is used. If" +" it is an aware timezone with offset zero, then *usegmt* may be set to " +"``True``, in which case the string ``GMT`` is used instead of the numeric " +"timezone offset. This provides a way to generate standards conformant HTTP " +"date headers." +msgstr "" +"类似于 ``formatdate``，但输入的是一个 :mod:`datetime` 实例。 如果实例是一个简单型 datetime，它会被视为 " +"\"不带源时区信息的 UTC\"，并且使用传统的 ``-0000`` 作为时区。 如果实例是一个感知型 " +"``datetime``，则会使用数字形式的时区时差。 如果实例是感知型且时区时差为零，则 *usegmt* 可能会被设为 " +"``True``，在这种情况下将使用字符串 ``GMT`` 而非数字形式的时区时差。 这提供了一种生成符合标准 HTTP 日期标头的方式。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:193 +msgid "Decode the string *s* according to :rfc:`2231`." +msgstr "根据 :rfc:`2231` 解码字符串 *s*。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Encode the string *s* according to :rfc:`2231`. Optional *charset* and " +"*language*, if given is the character set name and language name to use. If" +" neither is given, *s* is returned as-is. If *charset* is given but " +"*language* is not, the string is encoded using the empty string for " +"*language*." +msgstr "" +"根据 :rfc:`2231` 对字符串 *s* 进行编码。 可选的 *charset* 和 *language* " +"如果给出，则为指明要使用的字符集名称和语言名称。 如果两者均未给出，则会原样返回 *s*。 如果给出 *charset* 但未给出 " +"*language*，则会使用空字符串作为 *language* 值来对字符串进行编码。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:206 +msgid "" +"When a header parameter is encoded in :rfc:`2231` format, " +":meth:`Message.get_param ` may return a " +"3-tuple containing the character set, language, and value. " +":func:`collapse_rfc2231_value` turns this into a unicode string. Optional " +"*errors* is passed to the *errors* argument of :class:`str`'s " +":func:`~str.encode` method; it defaults to ``'replace'``. Optional " +"*fallback_charset* specifies the character set to use if the one in the " +":rfc:`2231` header is not known by Python; it defaults to ``'us-ascii'``." +msgstr "" +"当以 :rfc:`2231` 格式来编码标头形参时，:meth:`Message.get_param " +"` 可能返回一个包含字符集、语言和值的 3 元组。 " +":func:`collapse_rfc2231_value` 会将此返回为一个 unicode 字符串。 可选的 *errors* 会被传递给 " +":class:`str` 的 :func:`~str.encode` 方法的 *errors* 参数；它的默认值为 ``'replace'``。 可选的" +" *fallback_charset* 指定当 :rfc:`2231` 标头中的字符集无法被 Python 识别时要使用的字符集；它的默认值为 " +"``'us-ascii'``。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:215 +msgid "" +"For convenience, if the *value* passed to :func:`collapse_rfc2231_value` is " +"not a tuple, it should be a string and it is returned unquoted." +msgstr "" +"为方便起见，如果传给 :func:`collapse_rfc2231_value` 的 *value* 不是一个元组，则应为一个字符串并会将其原样返回。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:221 +msgid "" +"Decode parameters list according to :rfc:`2231`. *params* is a sequence of " +"2-tuples containing elements of the form ``(content-type, string-value)``." +msgstr "" +"根据 :rfc:`2231` 解码参数列表。 *params* 是一个包含 ``(content-type, string-value)`` " +"形式的元素的 2 元组的序列。" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:226 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/email.utils.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Note that the sign of the timezone offset is the opposite of the sign of the" +" ``time.timezone`` variable for the same timezone; the latter variable " +"follows the POSIX standard while this module follows :rfc:`2822`." +msgstr "" +"请注意时区时差的符号与同一时区的 ``time.timezone`` 变量的符号相反；后者遵循 POSIX 标准而此模块遵循 :rfc:`2822`。" diff --git a/library/ensurepip.po b/library/ensurepip.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ddd6724e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/ensurepip.po @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Kevin Deng , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!ensurepip` --- Bootstrapping the ``pip`` installer" +msgstr ":mod:`!ensurepip` --- 初始设置 ``pip`` 安装器" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ensurepip`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/ensurepip`" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ensurepip` package provides support for bootstrapping the ``pip`` " +"installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment. This " +"bootstrapping approach reflects the fact that ``pip`` is an independent " +"project with its own release cycle, and the latest available stable version " +"is bundled with maintenance and feature releases of the CPython reference " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ensurepip` 包为在已有的Python安装实例或虚拟环境中引导 ``pip`` " +"安装器提供了支持。需要使用引导才能使用pip的这一事实也正好反映了 ``pip`` " +"是一个独立的项目，有其自己的发布周期，其最新版本随CPython解释器的维护版本和新特性版本一同捆绑。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:21 +msgid "" +"In most cases, end users of Python shouldn't need to invoke this module " +"directly (as ``pip`` should be bootstrapped by default), but it may be " +"needed if installing ``pip`` was skipped when installing Python (or when " +"creating a virtual environment) or after explicitly uninstalling ``pip``." +msgstr "" +"在大多数情况下，Python的终端使用者不需要直接调用这个模块（ ``pip`` " +"默认应该已被引导），不过，如果在安装Python（或创建虚拟环境）之时跳过了安装 ``pip`` 步骤，或者日后特意卸载了 ``pip`` " +"，则需要使用这个模块。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:29 +msgid "" +"This module *does not* access the internet. All of the components needed to " +"bootstrap ``pip`` are included as internal parts of the package." +msgstr "这个模块 *无需* 访问互联网。引导启动 ``pip`` 所需的全部组件均包含在包的内部。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:35 +msgid ":ref:`installing-index`" +msgstr ":ref:`installing-index`" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:36 +msgid "The end user guide for installing Python packages" +msgstr "安装Python包的终端使用者教程" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:38 +msgid ":pep:`453`: Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations" +msgstr ":pep:`453`: 在Python安装实例中显式引导启动pip" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:39 +msgid "The original rationale and specification for this module." +msgstr "这个模块的原始缘由以及规范文档" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module is not supported on :ref:`mobile platforms ` or :ref:`WebAssembly platforms `." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 :ref:`移动平台 ` 或 :ref:`WebAssembly 平台 ` 上不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:44 +msgid "Command line interface" +msgstr "命令行界面" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The command line interface is invoked using the interpreter's ``-m`` switch." +msgstr "使用解释器的 ``-m`` 参数调用命令行接口。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:50 +msgid "The simplest possible invocation is::" +msgstr "最简单的调用方式为：" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:52 +msgid "python -m ensurepip" +msgstr "python -m ensurepip" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:54 +msgid "" +"This invocation will install ``pip`` if it is not already installed, but " +"otherwise does nothing. To ensure the installed version of ``pip`` is at " +"least as recent as the one available in ``ensurepip``, pass the " +"``--upgrade`` option::" +msgstr "" +"该调用会在当前未安装 ``pip`` 的情况下安装 ``pip`` ，如已安装则无事发生。如要确保安装的 ``pip`` 版本至少为 " +"``ensurepip`` 所支援的最新版本，传入 ``--upgrade`` 参数：" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:59 +msgid "python -m ensurepip --upgrade" +msgstr "python -m ensurepip --upgrade" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:61 +msgid "" +"By default, ``pip`` is installed into the current virtual environment (if " +"one is active) or into the system site packages (if there is no active " +"virtual environment). The installation location can be controlled through " +"two additional command line options:" +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，``pip`` 会被安装到当前虚拟环境（如果激活了虚拟环境）或系统的包目录（如果未激活虚拟环境）。 " +"安装位置可通过两个额外的命令行选项来控制:" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Installs ``pip`` relative to the given root directory rather than the root " +"of the currently active virtual environment (if any) or the default root for" +" the current Python installation." +msgstr "相对于给定的根目录而不是当前已激活虚拟环境（如果存在）的根目录或当前 Python 安装版的默认根目录来安装 ``pip``。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Installs ``pip`` into the user site packages directory rather than globally " +"for the current Python installation (this option is not permitted inside an " +"active virtual environment)." +msgstr "将 ``pip`` 安装到用户的站点包目录而不是针对当前 Python 安装版的全局安装（此选项在激活的虚拟环境内部是不被允许的）。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:78 +msgid "" +"By default, the scripts ``pipX`` and ``pipX.Y`` will be installed (where X.Y" +" stands for the version of Python used to invoke ``ensurepip``). The scripts" +" installed can be controlled through two additional command line options:" +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，脚本 ``pipX`` 和 ``pipX.Y`` 将被安装（其中 X.Y 表示被用来唤起 ``ensurepip`` 的 Python " +"的版本）。 所安装的脚本可通过两个额外的命令行选项来控制:" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:85 +msgid "" +"If an alternate installation is requested, the ``pipX`` script will *not* be" +" installed." +msgstr "如果请求了一个替代安装版，则 ``pipX`` 脚本将 *不会* 被安装。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:90 +msgid "" +"If a \"default pip\" installation is requested, the ``pip`` script will be " +"installed in addition to the two regular scripts." +msgstr "如果请求了一个 \"默认的 pip\" 安装版，则将在两个常规脚本的基础上额外安装 ``pip`` 脚本。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Providing both of the script selection options will trigger an exception." +msgstr "同时提供这两个脚本选择选项将会触发异常。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:96 +msgid "Module API" +msgstr "模块 API" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:98 +msgid ":mod:`ensurepip` exposes two functions for programmatic use:" +msgstr ":mod:`ensurepip` 暴露了两个函数用于编程:" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Returns a string specifying the available version of pip that will be " +"installed when bootstrapping an environment." +msgstr "返回一个指明在初始创建环境时将被安装的可用 pip 版本的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:109 +msgid "Bootstraps ``pip`` into the current or designated environment." +msgstr "初始创建 ``pip`` 到当前的或指定的环境中。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:111 +msgid "" +"*root* specifies an alternative root directory to install relative to. If " +"*root* is ``None``, then installation uses the default install location for " +"the current environment." +msgstr "*root* 指明要作为相对安装路径的替代根目录。 如果 *root* 为 ``None``，则安装会使用当前环境的默认安装位置。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:115 +msgid "" +"*upgrade* indicates whether or not to upgrade an existing installation of an" +" earlier version of ``pip`` to the available version." +msgstr "*upgrade* 指明是否要将一个现有的较早版本的 ``pip`` 的安装版升级到可用的新版本。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:118 +msgid "" +"*user* indicates whether to use the user scheme rather than installing " +"globally." +msgstr "*user* 指明是否使用针对用户的安装方案而不是全局安装。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:121 +msgid "" +"By default, the scripts ``pipX`` and ``pipX.Y`` will be installed (where X.Y" +" stands for the current version of Python)." +msgstr "在默认情况下，将会安装 ``pipX`` 和 ``pipX.Y`` 脚本（其中 X.Y 表示 Python 的当前版本）。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:124 +msgid "If *altinstall* is set, then ``pipX`` will *not* be installed." +msgstr "如果设置了 *altinstall*，则 ``pipX`` 将 *不会* 被安装。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:126 +msgid "" +"If *default_pip* is set, then ``pip`` will be installed in addition to the " +"two regular scripts." +msgstr "如果设置了 *default_pip*，则除了两个常规脚本外还将安装 ``pip``。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Setting both *altinstall* and *default_pip* will trigger :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "同时设置 *altinstall* 和 *default_pip* 将触发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:132 +msgid "" +"*verbosity* controls the level of output to :data:`sys.stdout` from the " +"bootstrapping operation." +msgstr "*verbosity* 控制初始创建操作对 :data:`sys.stdout` 的输出信息级别。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ensurepip.bootstrap`` with " +"argument ``root``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ensurepip.bootstrap`` 并附带参数 ``root``。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:139 +msgid "" +"The bootstrapping process has side effects on both ``sys.path`` and " +"``os.environ``. Invoking the command line interface in a subprocess instead " +"allows these side effects to be avoided." +msgstr "" +"创建创建过程对于 ``sys.path`` 和 ``os.environ`` 都会有附带影响。 改为在子进程中唤起命令行接口可以避免这些附带影响。" + +#: ../../library/ensurepip.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The bootstrapping process may install additional modules required by " +"``pip``, but other software should not assume those dependencies will always" +" be present by default (as the dependencies may be removed in a future " +"version of ``pip``)." +msgstr "" +"初始创建过程可能会安装 ``pip`` 所需的额外模块，但其他软件不应假定这些依赖将总是会默认存在（因为这些依赖可能会在未来的 ``pip`` " +"版本中被移除）。" diff --git a/library/enum.po b/library/enum.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27d617bd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/enum.po @@ -0,0 +1,1795 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2022 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-27 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!enum` --- Support for enumerations" +msgstr ":mod:`!enum` --- 对枚举的支持" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:14 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/enum.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/enum.py`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This page contains the API reference information. For tutorial information " +"and discussion of more advanced topics, see" +msgstr "此页面仅包含 API 参考信息。教程信息和更多高级用法的讨论，请参阅" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:21 +msgid ":ref:`Basic Tutorial `" +msgstr ":ref:`基础教程 `" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:22 +msgid ":ref:`Advanced Tutorial `" +msgstr ":ref:`进阶教程 `" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:23 +msgid ":ref:`Enum Cookbook `" +msgstr ":ref:`枚举指南 `" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:27 +msgid "An enumeration:" +msgstr "一个枚举:" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:29 +msgid "is a set of symbolic names (members) bound to unique values" +msgstr "是绑定到唯一值的符号名称（成员）集合" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:30 +msgid "" +"can be iterated over to return its canonical (i.e. non-alias) members in " +"definition order" +msgstr "可以被执行迭代以按定义顺序返回其规范的（即非别名的）成员" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:32 +msgid "uses *call* syntax to return members by value" +msgstr "使用 *调用* 语法按值返回成员" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:33 +msgid "uses *index* syntax to return members by name" +msgstr "使用 *索引* 语法按名称返回成员" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Enumerations are created either by using :keyword:`class` syntax, or by " +"using function-call syntax::" +msgstr "枚举是通过使用 :keyword:`class` 语法或是通过使用函数调用语法来创建的::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:38 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +"\n" +">>> # class syntax\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"\n" +">>> # functional syntax\n" +">>> Color = Enum('Color', [('RED', 1), ('GREEN', 2), ('BLUE', 3)])" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +"\n" +">>> # 类语法\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"\n" +">>> # 函数语法\n" +">>> Color = Enum('Color', [('RED', 1), ('GREEN', 2), ('BLUE', 3)])" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Even though we can use :keyword:`class` syntax to create Enums, Enums are " +"not normal Python classes. See :ref:`How are Enums different? ` for more details." +msgstr "" +"虽然我们可以使用 :keyword:`class` 语法来创建枚举，但枚举并不是常规的 Python 类。 请参阅 :ref:`枚举有什么不同？ " +"` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:53 +msgid "Nomenclature" +msgstr "命名法" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:55 +msgid "The class :class:`!Color` is an *enumeration* (or *enum*)" +msgstr "类 :class:`!Color` 是一个 *枚举* （或 *enum* ）" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:56 +msgid "" +"The attributes :attr:`!Color.RED`, :attr:`!Color.GREEN`, etc., are " +"*enumeration members* (or *members*) and are functionally constants." +msgstr "" +"属性 :attr:`!Color.RED` 、 :attr:`!Color.GREEN` 等是 *枚举成员* （或 *members* " +"）并且在功能上是常量。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:58 +msgid "" +"The enum members have *names* and *values* (the name of :attr:`!Color.RED` " +"is ``RED``, the value of :attr:`!Color.BLUE` is ``3``, etc.)" +msgstr "" +"枚举成员有 *names* 和 *values* (:attr:`!Color.RED` 的名称是 " +"``RED``，:attr:`!Color.BLUE` 的值是 ``3``，等等)" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:65 +msgid "Module Contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:67 +msgid ":class:`EnumType`" +msgstr ":class:`EnumType`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:69 +msgid "The ``type`` for Enum and its subclasses." +msgstr " Enum 及其子类的 ``type`` 。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:71 +msgid ":class:`Enum`" +msgstr ":class:`Enum`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:73 +msgid "Base class for creating enumerated constants." +msgstr "用于创建枚举常量的基类。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:75 +msgid ":class:`IntEnum`" +msgstr ":class:`IntEnum`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Base class for creating enumerated constants that are also subclasses of " +":class:`int`. (`Notes`_)" +msgstr "用于创建枚举常量的基类，这些常量也是 :class:`int` 的子类。 (`Notes`_)" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:80 +msgid ":class:`StrEnum`" +msgstr ":class:`StrEnum`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Base class for creating enumerated constants that are also subclasses of " +":class:`str`. (`Notes`_)" +msgstr "用于创建枚举常量的基类，这些常量也是 :class:`str` 的子类。 (`Notes`_)" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:85 +msgid ":class:`Flag`" +msgstr ":class:`Flag`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Base class for creating enumerated constants that can be combined using the " +"bitwise operations without losing their :class:`Flag` membership." +msgstr "创建可与位运算符搭配使用，又不会失去 :class:`Flag` 成员资格的枚举常量的基类。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:90 +msgid ":class:`IntFlag`" +msgstr ":class:`IntFlag`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Base class for creating enumerated constants that can be combined using the " +"bitwise operators without losing their :class:`IntFlag` membership. " +":class:`IntFlag` members are also subclasses of :class:`int`. (`Notes`_)" +msgstr "" +"创建可与位运算符搭配使用，又不失去 :class:`IntFlag` 成员资格的枚举常量的基类。:class:`IntFlag` 成员也是 " +":class:`int` 的子类。 (`Notes`_)" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:96 +msgid ":class:`ReprEnum`" +msgstr ":class:`ReprEnum`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Used by :class:`IntEnum`, :class:`StrEnum`, and :class:`IntFlag` to keep the" +" :class:`str() ` of the mixed-in type." +msgstr "" +"由 :class:`IntEnum` 、:class:`StrEnum` 和 :class:`IntFlag` 用来保持混合类型的 " +":class:`str() ` 。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:101 +msgid ":class:`EnumCheck`" +msgstr ":class:`EnumCheck`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:103 +msgid "" +"An enumeration with the values ``CONTINUOUS``, ``NAMED_FLAGS``, and " +"``UNIQUE``, for use with :func:`verify` to ensure various constraints are " +"met by a given enumeration." +msgstr "" +"具有值 ``CONTINUOUS``、``NAMED_FLAGS`` 和 ``UNIQUE`` 的枚举，用于 :func:`verify` " +"以确保给定枚举满足各种约束。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:107 +msgid ":class:`FlagBoundary`" +msgstr ":class:`FlagBoundary`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:109 +msgid "" +"An enumeration with the values ``STRICT``, ``CONFORM``, ``EJECT``, and " +"``KEEP`` which allows for more fine-grained control over how invalid values " +"are dealt with in an enumeration." +msgstr "" +"具有值 ``STRICT`` 、 ``CONFORM`` 、 ``EJECT`` 和 ``KEEP`` " +"的枚举，允许对枚举中无效值的处理方式进行更细粒度的控制。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:113 +msgid ":class:`EnumDict`" +msgstr ":class:`EnumDict`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:115 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`dict` for use when subclassing :class:`EnumType`." +msgstr "一个被用于子类化 :class:`EnumType` 的 :class:`dict` 子类。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:117 +msgid ":class:`auto`" +msgstr ":class:`auto`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Instances are replaced with an appropriate value for Enum members. " +":class:`StrEnum` defaults to the lower-cased version of the member name, " +"while other Enums default to 1 and increase from there." +msgstr "实例被替换为枚举成员的适当值。 :class:`StrEnum` 默认为成员名称的小写版本，而其他枚举默认为 1 并由此递增。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:123 +msgid ":func:`~enum.property`" +msgstr ":func:`~enum.property`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Allows :class:`Enum` members to have attributes without conflicting with " +"member names. The ``value`` and ``name`` attributes are implemented this " +"way." +msgstr "" +"允许 :class:`Enum` 成员拥有属性而不会与成员名称相冲突。 ``value`` 和 ``name`` 属性都是以这样的方式实现的。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:129 +msgid ":func:`unique`" +msgstr ":func:`unique`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Enum class decorator that ensures only one name is bound to any one value." +msgstr "确保一个名称只绑定一个值的 Enum 类装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:133 +msgid ":func:`verify`" +msgstr ":func:`verify`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Enum class decorator that checks user-selectable constraints on an " +"enumeration." +msgstr "检查枚举的用户可选择约束的枚举类装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:138 +msgid ":func:`member`" +msgstr ":func:`member`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:140 +msgid "Make ``obj`` a member. Can be used as a decorator." +msgstr "使 ``obj`` 成为成员。可以用作装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:142 +msgid ":func:`nonmember`" +msgstr ":func:`nonmember`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:144 +msgid "Do not make ``obj`` a member. Can be used as a decorator." +msgstr "使 ``obj`` 不为成员。可以用作装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:146 +msgid ":func:`global_enum`" +msgstr ":func:`global_enum`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Modify the :class:`str() ` and :func:`repr` of an enum to show its " +"members as belonging to the module instead of its class, and export the enum" +" members to the global namespace." +msgstr "" +"修改枚举的 :class:`str() ` 和 :func:`repr` 以将其成员显示为属于模块而不是其类，并将枚举成员导出到全局命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:152 +msgid ":func:`show_flag_values`" +msgstr ":func:`show_flag_values`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:154 +msgid "Return a list of all power-of-two integers contained in a flag." +msgstr "返回标志中包含的所有二次幂整数的列表。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:157 +msgid "``Flag``, ``IntFlag``, ``auto``" +msgstr "``Flag``, ``IntFlag``, ``auto``" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:158 +msgid "" +"``StrEnum``, ``EnumCheck``, ``ReprEnum``, ``FlagBoundary``, ``property``, " +"``member``, ``nonmember``, ``global_enum``, ``show_flag_values``" +msgstr "" +"``StrEnum``, ``EnumCheck``, ``ReprEnum``, ``FlagBoundary``, ``property``, " +"``member``, ``nonmember``, ``global_enum``, ``show_flag_values``" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:159 +msgid "``EnumDict``" +msgstr "``EnumDict``" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:164 +msgid "Data Types" +msgstr "数据类型" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:169 +msgid "" +"*EnumType* is the :term:`metaclass` for *enum* enumerations. It is possible" +" to subclass *EnumType* -- see :ref:`Subclassing EnumType ` for details." +msgstr "" +"*EnumType* 是 *enum* 枚举的 :term:`metaclass` 。可以对 *EnumType* 进行子类化——有关详细信息，请参阅 " +":ref:`Subclassing EnumType `。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:173 +msgid "" +"``EnumType`` is responsible for setting the correct :meth:`!__repr__`, " +":meth:`!__str__`, :meth:`!__format__`, and :meth:`!__reduce__` methods on " +"the final *enum*, as well as creating the enum members, properly handling " +"duplicates, providing iteration over the enum class, etc." +msgstr "" +"``EnumType`` 负责在最终的 *enum* 上设置正确的 :meth:`!__repr__`, :meth:`!__str__`, " +":meth:`!__format__`, and :meth:`!__reduce__` 方法，以及创建枚举成员，正确处理重复项，提供对枚举类的迭代等。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:180 +msgid "This method is called in two different ways:" +msgstr "此方法以两种不同的方式调用：" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:182 +msgid "to look up an existing member:" +msgstr "查找现有成员：" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "cls" +msgstr "cls" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:184 ../../library/enum.rst:190 +msgid "The enum class being called." +msgstr "被调用的枚举类。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "value" +msgstr "value" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:185 +msgid "The value to lookup." +msgstr "要查找的值。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:187 +msgid "" +"to use the ``cls`` enum to create a new enum (only if the existing enum does" +" not have any members):" +msgstr "使用 ``cls`` 枚举创建新枚举（仅当现有枚举没有任何成员时）：" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:191 +msgid "The name of the new Enum to create." +msgstr "要创建的新枚举的名称。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "names" +msgstr "names" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:192 +msgid "The names/values of the members for the new Enum." +msgstr "新枚举成员的名称/值。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module -- 模块" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:193 +msgid "The name of the module the new Enum is created in." +msgstr "在其中创建新枚举的模块的名称。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "qualname" +msgstr "qualname" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:194 +msgid "The actual location in the module where this Enum can be found." +msgstr "可以找到此枚举的模块中的实际位置。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type -- 类型" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:195 +msgid "A mix-in type for the new Enum." +msgstr "新枚举的混合类型。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "start" +msgstr "start" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:196 +msgid "The first integer value for the Enum (used by :class:`auto`)." +msgstr "枚举的第一个整数值（由 :class:`auto` 使用）。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "boundary" +msgstr "边界" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:197 +msgid "" +"How to handle out-of-range values from bit operations (:class:`Flag` only)." +msgstr "如何处理来自位操作的超出范围的值（仅限 :class:`Flag` ）。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:201 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if member belongs to the ``cls``::" +msgstr "如果成员属于``cls`` 则返回``True`` ::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:203 +msgid "" +">>> some_var = Color.RED\n" +">>> some_var in Color\n" +"True\n" +">>> Color.RED.value in Color\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> some_var = Color.RED\n" +">>> some_var in Color\n" +"True\n" +">>> Color.RED.value in Color\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:211 +msgid "" +"Before Python 3.12, a ``TypeError`` is raised if a non-Enum-member is used " +"in a containment check." +msgstr "在 Python 3.12 之前，如果在包含检测中使用了非枚举成员则会引发 ``TypeError``。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Returns ``['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__']`` and the " +"names of the members in *cls*::" +msgstr "" +"返回 ``['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__']`` 和 *cls* 中的成员名称 " +"::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:219 +msgid "" +">>> dir(Color)\n" +"['BLUE', 'GREEN', 'RED', '__class__', '__contains__', '__doc__', '__getitem__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__len__', '__members__', '__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__']" +msgstr "" +">>> dir(Color)\n" +"['BLUE', 'GREEN', 'RED', '__class__', '__contains__', '__doc__', '__getitem__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__len__', '__members__', '__module__', '__name__', '__qualname__']" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Returns the Enum member in *cls* matching *name*, or raises a " +":exc:`KeyError`::" +msgstr "返回 *cls* 中匹配 *name* 的 Enum 成员，或者引发 :exc:`KeyError`::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:226 +msgid "" +">>> Color['BLUE']\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Color['BLUE']\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:231 +msgid "Returns each member in *cls* in definition order::" +msgstr "按定义顺序返回 *cls* 中的每个成员::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:233 +msgid "" +">>> list(Color)\n" +"[, , ]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(Color)\n" +"[, , ]" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:238 +msgid "Returns the number of member in *cls*::" +msgstr "返回 *cls* 中成员的数量::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:240 +msgid "" +">>> len(Color)\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> len(Color)\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:245 +msgid "Returns a mapping of every enum name to its member, including aliases" +msgstr "返回一个从每个枚举名称到其成员的映射，包括别名" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:249 +msgid "Returns each member in *cls* in reverse definition order::" +msgstr "按定义的逆序返回 *cls* 中的每个成员::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:251 +msgid "" +">>> list(reversed(Color))\n" +"[, , ]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(reversed(Color))\n" +"[, , ]" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Adds a new name as an alias to an existing member. Raises a " +":exc:`NameError` if the name is already assigned to a different member." +msgstr "增加一个新名称作为现有成员的别名。 如果该名称已被分配给不同的成员则会引发 :exc:`NameError`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Adds a new value as an alias to an existing member. Raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` if the value is already linked with a different member." +msgstr "增加一个新值作为现有成员的别名。 如果该值已经链接到不同的成员则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Before 3.11 ``EnumType`` was called ``EnumMeta``, which is still available " +"as an alias." +msgstr "在 3.11 之前 ``EnumType`` 被称为 ``EnumMeta``，该名称作为别名仍然可用。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:271 +msgid "*Enum* is the base class for all *enum* enumerations." +msgstr "*Enum* 是所有 *enum* 枚举的基类。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:275 +msgid "The name used to define the ``Enum`` member::" +msgstr "用于定义 ``Enum`` 成员的名称::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:277 +msgid "" +">>> Color.BLUE.name\n" +"'BLUE'" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.BLUE.name\n" +"'BLUE'" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:282 +msgid "The value given to the ``Enum`` member::" +msgstr "赋给 ``Enum`` 成员的值::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:284 +msgid "" +">>> Color.RED.value\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.RED.value\n" +"1" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:287 ../../library/enum.rst:307 +msgid "Value of the member, can be set in :meth:`~Enum.__new__`." +msgstr "成员的值，可在 :meth:`~Enum.__new__` 中设置。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:289 +msgid "Enum member values" +msgstr "Enum 成员值" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Member values can be anything: :class:`int`, :class:`str`, etc. If the " +"exact value is unimportant you may use :class:`auto` instances and an " +"appropriate value will be chosen for you. See :class:`auto` for the " +"details." +msgstr "" +"成员值可以为任意类型: :class:`int`, :class:`str` 等等。 如果具体的值不重要则你可以使用 :class:`auto` " +"实例这将为你选择一个适当的值。 详情参见 :class:`auto`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:296 +msgid "" +"While mutable/unhashable values, such as :class:`dict`, :class:`list` or a " +"mutable :class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`, can be used, they will have a " +"quadratic performance impact during creation relative to the total number of" +" mutable/unhashable values in the enum." +msgstr "" +"虽然可以使用可变/不可哈希的值，比如 :class:`dict`, :class:`list` 或是可变的 " +":class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`，但它们在创建期间会产生基于枚举中可变/不可哈希的值数量的指数级性能影响。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:303 +msgid "Name of the member." +msgstr "成员的名称。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:311 +msgid "" +"No longer used, kept for backward compatibility. (class attribute, removed " +"during class creation)." +msgstr "已不再使用，保留以便向下兼容。 （类属性，在类创建期间移除）。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:316 +msgid "" +"``_ignore_`` is only used during creation and is removed from the " +"enumeration once creation is complete." +msgstr "``_ignore_`` 仅在创建期间使用并会在创建完成后立即从枚举中移除。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:319 +msgid "" +"``_ignore_`` is a list of names that will not become members, and whose " +"names will also be removed from the completed enumeration. See " +":ref:`TimePeriod ` for an example." +msgstr "" +"``_ignore_`` 是由不会被作为成员的名称组成的列包，并且这些名称还将从完成的枚举中移除。 请参阅 :ref:`TimePeriod " +"` 获取示例。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Returns ``['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value']`` and any " +"public methods defined on *self.__class__*::" +msgstr "" +"返回 ``['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value']`` 以及在 " +"*self.__class__* 上定义的任何公有方法::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:328 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> class Weekday(Enum):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 3\n" +"... THURSDAY = 4\n" +"... FRIDAY = 5\n" +"... SATURDAY = 6\n" +"... SUNDAY = 7\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def today(cls):\n" +"... print('today is %s' % cls(date.today().isoweekday()).name)\n" +"...\n" +">>> dir(Weekday.SATURDAY)\n" +"['__class__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__hash__', '__module__', 'name', 'today', 'value']" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> class Weekday(Enum):\n" +"... MONDAY = 1\n" +"... TUESDAY = 2\n" +"... WEDNESDAY = 3\n" +"... THURSDAY = 4\n" +"... FRIDAY = 5\n" +"... SATURDAY = 6\n" +"... SUNDAY = 7\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def today(cls):\n" +"... print('today is %s' % cls(date.today().isoweekday()).name)\n" +"...\n" +">>> dir(Weekday.SATURDAY)\n" +"['__class__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__hash__', '__module__', 'name', 'today', 'value']" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "name" +msgstr "name" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:346 +msgid "The name of the member being defined (e.g. 'RED')." +msgstr "定义的成员名称（例如 'RED'）。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:347 +msgid "The start value for the Enum; the default is 1." +msgstr "Enum 的起始值；默认为 1。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "count" +msgstr "count" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:348 +msgid "The number of members currently defined, not including this one." +msgstr "当前定义的成员数量，不包括这一个。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:0 +msgid "last_values" +msgstr "last_values" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:349 +msgid "A list of the previous values." +msgstr "由前面的值组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:351 +msgid "" +"A *staticmethod* that is used to determine the next value returned by " +":class:`auto`::" +msgstr "一个用来确定由 :class:`auto` 所返回的下一个值的 *静态方法*::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:354 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import auto\n" +">>> class PowersOfThree(Enum):\n" +"... @staticmethod\n" +"... def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):\n" +"... return 3 ** (count + 1)\n" +"... FIRST = auto()\n" +"... SECOND = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> PowersOfThree.SECOND.value\n" +"9" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import auto\n" +">>> class PowersOfThree(Enum):\n" +"... @staticmethod\n" +"... def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):\n" +"... return 3 ** (count + 1)\n" +"... FIRST = auto()\n" +"... SECOND = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> PowersOfThree.SECOND.value\n" +"9" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:367 +msgid "" +"By default, does nothing. If multiple values are given in the member " +"assignment, those values become separate arguments to ``__init__``; e.g." +msgstr "在默认情况下，将不做任何事。 如果在成员赋值时给出了多个值，这些值将成为传给 ``__init__`` 的单独参数；例如" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:374 +msgid "" +"``Weekday.__init__()`` would be called as ``Weekday.__init__(self, 1, " +"'Mon')``" +msgstr "``Weekday.__init__()`` 将以 ``Weekday.__init__(self, 1, 'Mon')`` 的形式被调用" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:378 +msgid "" +"A *classmethod* that is used to further configure subsequent subclasses. By " +"default, does nothing." +msgstr "一个用来进一步配置后续子类的 *类方法*。 在默认情况下，将不做任何事。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:383 +msgid "" +"A *classmethod* for looking up values not found in *cls*. By default it " +"does nothing, but can be overridden to implement custom search behavior::" +msgstr "一个用来查找不存在于 *cls* 中的值的 *类方法*。 在默认情况下它将不做任何事，但可以被重写以实现自定义的搜索行为::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:386 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import StrEnum\n" +">>> class Build(StrEnum):\n" +"... DEBUG = auto()\n" +"... OPTIMIZED = auto()\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def _missing_(cls, value):\n" +"... value = value.lower()\n" +"... for member in cls:\n" +"... if member.value == value:\n" +"... return member\n" +"... return None\n" +"...\n" +">>> Build.DEBUG.value\n" +"'debug'\n" +">>> Build('deBUG')\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import StrEnum\n" +">>> class Build(StrEnum):\n" +"... DEBUG = auto()\n" +"... OPTIMIZED = auto()\n" +"... @classmethod\n" +"... def _missing_(cls, value):\n" +"... value = value.lower()\n" +"... for member in cls:\n" +"... if member.value == value:\n" +"... return member\n" +"... return None\n" +"...\n" +">>> Build.DEBUG.value\n" +"'debug'\n" +">>> Build('deBUG')\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:405 +msgid "" +"By default, doesn't exist. If specified, either in the enum class " +"definition or in a mixin class (such as ``int``), all values given in the " +"member assignment will be passed; e.g." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，将不会存在。 如果指定，则或是在枚举类定义中或是在混入类定义中 (比如 ``int``)，在成员赋值时给出的所有值都将被传递；例如" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:413 +msgid "" +"results in the call ``int('1a', 16)`` and a value of ``26`` for the member." +msgstr "``int('1a', 16)`` 调用的结果和成员的值 ``26``。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:417 +msgid "" +"When writing a custom ``__new__``, do not use ``super().__new__`` -- call " +"the appropriate ``__new__`` instead." +msgstr "" +"当编写自定义的 ``__new__`` 时，不要使用 ``super().__new__`` -- 而要调用适当的 ``__new__``。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Returns the string used for *repr()* calls. By default, returns the *Enum* " +"name, member name, and value, but can be overridden::" +msgstr "返回用于 *repr()* 调用的字符串。 在默认情况下，将返回 *Enum* 名称、成员名称和值，但也可以被重写::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:425 +msgid "" +">>> class OtherStyle(Enum):\n" +"... ALTERNATE = auto()\n" +"... OTHER = auto()\n" +"... SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... cls_name = self.__class__.__name__\n" +"... return f'{cls_name}.{self.name}'\n" +"...\n" +">>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f\"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}\"\n" +"(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE')" +msgstr "" +">>> class OtherStyle(Enum):\n" +"... ALTERNATE = auto()\n" +"... OTHER = auto()\n" +"... SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... cls_name = self.__class__.__name__\n" +"... return f'{cls_name}.{self.name}'\n" +"...\n" +">>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f\"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}\"\n" +"(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE')" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:438 +msgid "" +"Returns the string used for *str()* calls. By default, returns the *Enum* " +"name and member name, but can be overridden::" +msgstr "返回用于 *str()* 调用的字符串。 在默认情况下，返回 *Enum* 名称和成员名称，但也可以被重写::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:441 +msgid "" +">>> class OtherStyle(Enum):\n" +"... ALTERNATE = auto()\n" +"... OTHER = auto()\n" +"... SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return f'{self.name}'\n" +"...\n" +">>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f\"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}\"\n" +"(, 'ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')" +msgstr "" +">>> class OtherStyle(Enum):\n" +"... ALTERNATE = auto()\n" +"... OTHER = auto()\n" +"... SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return f'{self.name}'\n" +"...\n" +">>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f\"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}\"\n" +"(, 'ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Returns the string used for *format()* and *f-string* calls. By default, " +"returns :meth:`__str__` return value, but can be overridden::" +msgstr "" +"返回用于 *format()* 和 *f-string* 调用的字符串。 在默认情况下，将返回 :meth:`__str__` " +"的返回值，但也可以被重写::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:456 +msgid "" +">>> class OtherStyle(Enum):\n" +"... ALTERNATE = auto()\n" +"... OTHER = auto()\n" +"... SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()\n" +"... def __format__(self, spec):\n" +"... return f'{self.name}'\n" +"...\n" +">>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f\"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}\"\n" +"(, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')" +msgstr "" +">>> class OtherStyle(Enum):\n" +"... ALTERNATE = auto()\n" +"... OTHER = auto()\n" +"... SOMETHING_ELSE = auto()\n" +"... def __format__(self, spec):\n" +"... return f'{self.name}'\n" +"...\n" +">>> OtherStyle.ALTERNATE, str(OtherStyle.ALTERNATE), f\"{OtherStyle.ALTERNATE}\"\n" +"(, 'OtherStyle.ALTERNATE', 'ALTERNATE')" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:468 +msgid "" +"Using :class:`auto` with :class:`Enum` results in integers of increasing " +"value, starting with ``1``." +msgstr "将 :class:`auto` 用于 :class:`Enum` 将得到递增的整数值，从 ``1`` 开始。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:471 +msgid "Added :ref:`enum-dataclass-support`" +msgstr "增加了 :ref:`enum-dataclass-support`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:476 +msgid "" +"*IntEnum* is the same as :class:`Enum`, but its members are also integers " +"and can be used anywhere that an integer can be used. If any integer " +"operation is performed with an *IntEnum* member, the resulting value loses " +"its enumeration status." +msgstr "" +"*IntEnum* 和 :class:`Enum` 是一样的，但其成员还属于整数并可被用在任何可以使用整数的地方。 如果对一个 *IntEnum* " +"成员执行整数运算，结果值将失去其枚举状态。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Using :class:`auto` with :class:`IntEnum` results in integers of increasing " +"value, starting with ``1``." +msgstr "将 :class:`auto` 用于 :class:`IntEnum` 将得到递增的整数值，从 ``1`` 开始。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:500 +msgid "" +":meth:`~object.__str__` is now :meth:`!int.__str__` to better support the " +"*replacement of existing constants* use-case. :meth:`~object.__format__` was" +" already :meth:`!int.__format__` for that same reason." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~object.__str__` 现在是 :meth:`!int.__str__` 以更好地支持 *现有常量的替换* 应用场景。 " +"出于同样的原因 :meth:`~object.__format__` 也已经是 :meth:`!int.__format__`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:507 +msgid "" +"``StrEnum`` is the same as :class:`Enum`, but its members are also strings " +"and can be used in most of the same places that a string can be used. The " +"result of any string operation performed on or with a *StrEnum* member is " +"not part of the enumeration." +msgstr "" +"``StrEnum`` 和 :class:`Enum` 是一样的，但其成员还属于字符串并可被用在任何可以使用字符串的地方。 如果对一个 " +"*StrEnum* 成员执行字符串操作其结果值将不再是该枚举的一部分。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:513 +msgid "" +"There are places in the stdlib that check for an exact :class:`str` instead " +"of a :class:`str` subclass (i.e. ``type(unknown) == str`` instead of " +"``isinstance(unknown, str)``), and in those locations you will need to use " +"``str(StrEnum.member)``." +msgstr "" +"在标准库中有些地方会检查是否是真正的 :class:`str` 而不是 :class:`str` 的子类 (例如使用 ``type(unknown) " +"== str`` 而不是 ``isinstance(unknown, str)``)，在这些地方你将需要使用 " +"``str(StrEnum.member)``。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:520 +msgid "" +"Using :class:`auto` with :class:`StrEnum` results in the lower-cased member " +"name as the value." +msgstr "将 :class:`auto` 用于 :class:`StrEnum` 将得到小写形式的成员名称字符串值。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:525 +msgid "" +":meth:`~object.__str__` is :meth:`!str.__str__` to better support the " +"*replacement of existing constants* use-case. :meth:`~object.__format__` is" +" likewise :meth:`!str.__format__` for that same reason." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~object.__str__` 是 :meth:`!str.__str__` 以更好地支持 *现有常量的替换* 应用场景。 " +"出于同样的原因 :meth:`~object.__format__` 也是 :meth:`!str.__format__`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:533 +msgid "" +"``Flag`` is the same as :class:`Enum`, but its members support the bitwise " +"operators ``&`` (*AND*), ``|`` (*OR*), ``^`` (*XOR*), and ``~`` (*INVERT*); " +"the results of those operations are (aliases of) members of the enumeration." +msgstr "" +"``Flag`` 与 :class:`Enum` 的相同，但其成员支持按位运算符 ``&`` (*AND*), ``|`` (*OR*), ``^`` " +"(*XOR*) 和 ``~`` (*INVERT*)；这些运算的结果都是枚举成员（的别名）。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:539 +msgid "Returns *True* if value is in self::" +msgstr "如果 value 是 self 之中则返回 *True*::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:541 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Flag, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> purple = Color.RED | Color.BLUE\n" +">>> white = Color.RED | Color.GREEN | Color.BLUE\n" +">>> Color.GREEN in purple\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.GREEN in white\n" +"True\n" +">>> purple in white\n" +"True\n" +">>> white in purple\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Flag, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> purple = Color.RED | Color.BLUE\n" +">>> white = Color.RED | Color.GREEN | Color.BLUE\n" +">>> Color.GREEN in purple\n" +"False\n" +">>> Color.GREEN in white\n" +"True\n" +">>> purple in white\n" +"True\n" +">>> white in purple\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:560 +msgid "Returns all contained non-alias members::" +msgstr "返回所有包含的非别名成员::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:562 +msgid "" +">>> list(Color.RED)\n" +"[]\n" +">>> list(purple)\n" +"[, ]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(Color.RED)\n" +"[]\n" +">>> list(purple)\n" +"[, ]" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:571 +msgid "Returns number of members in flag::" +msgstr "返回旗标中成员的数量::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:573 +msgid "" +">>> len(Color.GREEN)\n" +"1\n" +">>> len(white)\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> len(Color.GREEN)\n" +"1\n" +">>> len(white)\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:582 +msgid "Returns *True* if any members in flag, *False* otherwise::" +msgstr "如果旗标中有成员则返回 *True*，否则返回 *False*::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:584 +msgid "" +">>> bool(Color.GREEN)\n" +"True\n" +">>> bool(white)\n" +"True\n" +">>> black = Color(0)\n" +">>> bool(black)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> bool(Color.GREEN)\n" +"True\n" +">>> bool(white)\n" +"True\n" +">>> black = Color(0)\n" +">>> bool(black)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:594 +msgid "Returns current flag binary or'ed with other::" +msgstr "返回当前旗标与另一个旗标执行二进制或运算的结果::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:596 +msgid "" +">>> Color.RED | Color.GREEN\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.RED | Color.GREEN\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:601 +msgid "Returns current flag binary and'ed with other::" +msgstr "返回当前旗标与另一个旗标执行二进制与运算的结果::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:603 +msgid "" +">>> purple & white\n" +"\n" +">>> purple & Color.GREEN\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> purple & white\n" +"\n" +">>> purple & Color.GREEN\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:610 +msgid "Returns current flag binary xor'ed with other::" +msgstr "返回当前旗标与另一个旗标执行二进制异或运算的结果::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:612 +msgid "" +">>> purple ^ white\n" +"\n" +">>> purple ^ Color.GREEN\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> purple ^ white\n" +"\n" +">>> purple ^ Color.GREEN\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:619 +msgid "Returns all the flags in *type(self)* that are not in *self*::" +msgstr "返回 *type(self)* 中所有不在 *self* 中的旗标::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:621 +msgid "" +">>> ~white\n" +"\n" +">>> ~purple\n" +"\n" +">>> ~Color.RED\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> ~white\n" +"\n" +">>> ~purple\n" +"\n" +">>> ~Color.RED\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Function used to format any remaining unnamed numeric values. Default is " +"the value's repr; common choices are :func:`hex` and :func:`oct`." +msgstr "用于格式化任何其他未命名数字值的函数。 默认为数字值的 repr；常见的选择有 :func:`hex` 和 :func:`oct`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:635 +msgid "" +"Using :class:`auto` with :class:`Flag` results in integers that are powers " +"of two, starting with ``1``." +msgstr "将 :class:`auto` 用于 :class:`Flag` 将得到二的整数次方，从 ``1`` 开始。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:638 +msgid "The *repr()* of zero-valued flags has changed. It is now::" +msgstr "零值旗标的 *repr()* 已被修改。 现在将是::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:646 +msgid "" +"``IntFlag`` is the same as :class:`Flag`, but its members are also integers " +"and can be used anywhere that an integer can be used." +msgstr "``IntFlag`` 与 :class:`Flag` 相同，但其成员还属于整数类型并能被用于任何可以使用整数的地方。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:660 +msgid "" +"If any integer operation is performed with an *IntFlag* member, the result " +"is not an *IntFlag*::" +msgstr "如果对一个 *IntFlag* 成员执行任何整数运算，结果将不再是一个 *IntFlag*::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:663 +msgid "" +">>> Color.RED + 2\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> Color.RED + 2\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:666 +msgid "" +"If a :class:`Flag` operation is performed with an *IntFlag* member and:" +msgstr "如果对一个 *IntFlag* 成员执行 :class:`Flag` 操作并且：" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:668 +msgid "the result is a valid *IntFlag*: an *IntFlag* is returned" +msgstr "结果是一个合法的 *IntFlag*: 将返回一个 *IntFlag*" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:669 +msgid "" +"the result is not a valid *IntFlag*: the result depends on the " +":class:`FlagBoundary` setting" +msgstr "其结果将不是合法的 *IntFlag*: 具体结果将取决于 :class:`FlagBoundary` 设置" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:671 +msgid "The :func:`repr` of unnamed zero-valued flags has changed. It is now:" +msgstr "未命名的零值旗标 :func:`repr()` 已被修改。 现在将是：" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:678 +msgid "" +"Using :class:`auto` with :class:`IntFlag` results in integers that are " +"powers of two, starting with ``1``." +msgstr "将 :class:`auto` 用于 :class:`IntFlag` 将得到二的整数次方，从 ``1`` 开始。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:683 +msgid "" +":meth:`~object.__str__` is now :meth:`!int.__str__` to better support the " +"*replacement of existing constants* use-case. :meth:`~object.__format__` " +"was already :meth:`!int.__format__` for that same reason." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~object.__str__` 现在是 :meth:`!int.__str__` 以更好地支持 *现有常量的替换* 应用场景。 " +"出于同样的原因 :meth:`~object.__format__` 也已经是 :meth:`!int.__format__`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:687 +msgid "" +"Inversion of an :class:`!IntFlag` now returns a positive value that is the " +"union of all flags not in the given flag, rather than a negative value. This" +" matches the existing :class:`Flag` behavior." +msgstr "" +"对一个 :class:`!IntFlag` 的反转现在将返回一个等于不在给定旗标中的所有旗标的并集的正值，而非一个负值。 这与现有 " +":class:`Flag` 的行为相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:693 +msgid "" +":class:`!ReprEnum` uses the :meth:`repr() ` of :class:`Enum`," +" but the :class:`str() ` of the mixed-in data type:" +msgstr "" +":class:`!ReprEnum` 将使用 :class:`Enum` 的 :meth:`repr() " +"`，但使用混入数据类型的 :class:`str() `:" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:696 +msgid ":meth:`!int.__str__` for :class:`IntEnum` and :class:`IntFlag`" +msgstr ":meth:`!int.__str__` 用于 :class:`IntEnum` 和 :class:`IntFlag`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:697 +msgid ":meth:`!str.__str__` for :class:`StrEnum`" +msgstr ":meth:`!str.__str__` 用于 :class:`StrEnum`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:699 +msgid "" +"Inherit from :class:`!ReprEnum` to keep the :class:`str() ` / " +":func:`format` of the mixed-in data type instead of using the " +":class:`Enum`-default :meth:`str() `." +msgstr "" +"从 :class:`!ReprEnum` 继承以存放混入数据类型的 :class:`str() ` / :func:`format` " +"而不是使用 :class:`Enum` 默认的 :meth:`str() `。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:708 +msgid "" +"*EnumCheck* contains the options used by the :func:`verify` decorator to " +"ensure various constraints; failed constraints result in a " +":exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"*EnumCheck* 包含由 :func:`verify` 装饰器用来确保各种约束的选项；失败的约束将导致 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:713 +msgid "Ensure that each value has only one name::" +msgstr "确保每个值只有一个名称::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:715 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum, verify, UNIQUE\n" +">>> @verify(UNIQUE)\n" +"... class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"... CRIMSON = 1\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: aliases found in : CRIMSON -> RED" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum, verify, UNIQUE\n" +">>> @verify(UNIQUE)\n" +"... class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 3\n" +"... CRIMSON = 1\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: aliases found in : CRIMSON -> RED" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Ensure that there are no missing values between the lowest-valued member and" +" the highest-valued member::" +msgstr "确保在最低值成员和最高值成员之间没有缺失的值::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:732 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum, verify, CONTINUOUS\n" +">>> @verify(CONTINUOUS)\n" +"... class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 5\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: invalid enum 'Color': missing values 3, 4" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum, verify, CONTINUOUS\n" +">>> @verify(CONTINUOUS)\n" +"... class Color(Enum):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 5\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: invalid enum 'Color': missing values 3, 4" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:744 +msgid "" +"Ensure that any flag groups/masks contain only named flags -- useful when " +"values are specified instead of being generated by :func:`auto`::" +msgstr "确保任何旗标分组/掩码只包含已命名的旗标 -- 在值是明确指定而不是由 :func:`auto` 生成时将很有用处::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:747 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Flag, verify, NAMED_FLAGS\n" +">>> @verify(NAMED_FLAGS)\n" +"... class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 4\n" +"... WHITE = 15\n" +"... NEON = 31\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: invalid Flag 'Color': aliases WHITE and NEON are missing combined values of 0x18 [use enum.show_flag_values(value) for details]" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Flag, verify, NAMED_FLAGS\n" +">>> @verify(NAMED_FLAGS)\n" +"... class Color(Flag):\n" +"... RED = 1\n" +"... GREEN = 2\n" +"... BLUE = 4\n" +"... WHITE = 15\n" +"... NEON = 31\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: invalid Flag 'Color': aliases WHITE and NEON are missing combined values of 0x18 [use enum.show_flag_values(value) for details]" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:761 +msgid "" +"CONTINUOUS and NAMED_FLAGS are designed to work with integer-valued members." +msgstr "CONTINUOUS 和 NAMED_FLAGS 被设计用于配合整数值成员。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:767 +msgid "" +"``FlagBoundary`` controls how out-of-range values are handled in " +":class:`Flag` and its subclasses." +msgstr "``FlagBoundary`` 控制在 :class:`Flag` 及其子类中如何处理超出范围的值。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:772 +msgid "" +"Out-of-range values cause a :exc:`ValueError` to be raised. This is the " +"default for :class:`Flag`::" +msgstr "超出范围的值将导致引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 这是 :class:`Flag` 的默认设置::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:775 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Flag, STRICT, auto\n" +">>> class StrictFlag(Flag, boundary=STRICT):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> StrictFlag(2**2 + 2**4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: invalid value 20\n" +" given 0b0 10100\n" +" allowed 0b0 00111" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Flag, STRICT, auto\n" +">>> class StrictFlag(Flag, boundary=STRICT):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> StrictFlag(2**2 + 2**4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: invalid value 20\n" +" given 0b0 10100\n" +" allowed 0b0 00111" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:790 +msgid "" +"Out-of-range values have invalid values removed, leaving a valid " +":class:`Flag` value::" +msgstr "超出范围的值将导致无效的值被移除，保留有效的 :class:`Flag` 值::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:793 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Flag, CONFORM, auto\n" +">>> class ConformFlag(Flag, boundary=CONFORM):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> ConformFlag(2**2 + 2**4)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Flag, CONFORM, auto\n" +">>> class ConformFlag(Flag, boundary=CONFORM):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> ConformFlag(2**2 + 2**4)\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:804 +msgid "" +"Out-of-range values lose their :class:`Flag` membership and revert to " +":class:`int`." +msgstr "超出范围的值将失去其 :class:`Flag` 成员资格并转换为 :class:`int`。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:817 +msgid "" +"Out-of-range values are kept, and the :class:`Flag` membership is kept. This" +" is the default for :class:`IntFlag`::" +msgstr "超出范围的值将被保留，:class:`Flag` 成员资格也将被保留。 这是 :class:`IntFlag` 的默认设置::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:820 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Flag, KEEP, auto\n" +">>> class KeepFlag(Flag, boundary=KEEP):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> KeepFlag(2**2 + 2**4)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Flag, KEEP, auto\n" +">>> class KeepFlag(Flag, boundary=KEEP):\n" +"... RED = auto()\n" +"... GREEN = auto()\n" +"... BLUE = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> KeepFlag(2**2 + 2**4)\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:833 +msgid "" +"*EnumDict* is a subclass of :class:`dict` that is used as the namespace for " +"defining enum classes (see :ref:`prepare`). It is exposed to allow " +"subclasses of :class:`EnumType` with advanced behavior like having multiple " +"values per member. It should be called with the name of the enum class being" +" created, otherwise private names and internal classes will not be handled " +"correctly." +msgstr "" +"*EnumDict* 是一个用作定义枚举类的命名空间的 :class:`dict` 子类 (参见 :ref:`prepare`)。 它被对外公开以允许 " +":class:`EnumType` 的子类具有高级行为如每个成员可包含多个值。 " +"它在调用时应当传入被创建的枚举类的名称，否则私有名称和内部类将无法被正确地处理。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:840 +msgid "" +"Note that only the :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` interface " +"(:meth:`~object.__setitem__` and :meth:`~dict.update`) is overridden. It may" +" be possible to bypass the checks using other :class:`!dict` operations like" +" :meth:`|= `." +msgstr "" +"请注意只有 :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` 接口 " +"(:meth:`~object.__setitem__` 和 :meth:`~dict.update`) 会被重写。 有可能使用其他 " +":class:`!dict` 操作如 :meth:`|= ` 来绕过此项检查。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:847 +msgid "A list of member names." +msgstr "由成员名称组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:854 +msgid "Supported ``__dunder__`` names" +msgstr "支持的 ``__dunder__`` 名称" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:856 +msgid "" +":attr:`~EnumType.__members__` is a read-only ordered mapping of " +"``member_name``:``member`` items. It is only available on the class." +msgstr "" +":attr:`~EnumType.__members__` 是由 ``member_name``:``member`` 条目组成的只读有序映射。 " +"它只在类上可用。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:859 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Enum.__new__`, if specified, must create and return the enum " +"members; it is also a very good idea to set the member's :attr:`!_value_` " +"appropriately. Once all the members are created it is no longer used." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 :meth:`~Enum.__new__`，它必须创建并返回枚举成员；相应地设置成员的 :attr:`!_value_` " +"也是一个很好的主意。 一旦所有成员都创建完成它将不再被使用。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:865 +msgid "Supported ``_sunder_`` names" +msgstr "支持的 ``_sunder_`` 名称" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:867 +msgid "" +":meth:`~EnumType._add_alias_` -- adds a new name as an alias to an existing " +"member." +msgstr ":meth:`~EnumType._add_alias_` -- 添加一个新名称作为现有成员的别名。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:869 +msgid "" +":meth:`~EnumType._add_value_alias_` -- adds a new value as an alias to an " +"existing member." +msgstr ":meth:`~EnumType._add_value_alias_` -- 添加一个新值作为现有成员的别名。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:871 +msgid ":attr:`~Enum._name_` -- name of the member" +msgstr ":attr:`~Enum._name_` -- 成员的名称" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:872 +msgid "" +":attr:`~Enum._value_` -- value of the member; can be set in ``__new__``" +msgstr ":attr:`~Enum._value_` -- 成员的值；可在 ``__new__`` 中设置" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:873 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Enum._missing_` -- a lookup function used when a value is not found;" +" may be overridden" +msgstr ":meth:`~Enum._missing_` -- 当未找到某个值时所使用的查找函数；可被重写" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:875 +msgid "" +":attr:`~Enum._ignore_` -- a list of names, either as a :class:`list` or a " +":class:`str`, that will not be transformed into members, and will be removed" +" from the final class" +msgstr "" +":attr:`~Enum._ignore_` -- 一个名称列表，可以为 :class:`list` 或 " +":class:`str`，它不会被转化为成员，并将从最终类中移除" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:878 +msgid "" +":attr:`~Enum._order_` -- no longer used, kept for backward compatibility " +"(class attribute, removed during class creation)" +msgstr ":attr:`~Enum._order_` -- 已不再使用，保留以便向下兼容（类属性，在类创建期间移除）" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:880 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` -- used to get an appropriate value for " +"an enum member; may be overridden" +msgstr ":meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` -- 用于为枚举成员获取适当的值；可被重写" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:885 +msgid "" +"For standard :class:`Enum` classes the next value chosen is the highest " +"value seen incremented by one." +msgstr "对于标准的 :class:`Enum` 类来说下一个被选择的值将是已有的最高值加一。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:888 +msgid "" +"For :class:`Flag` classes the next value chosen will be the next highest " +"power-of-two." +msgstr "对于 :class:`Flag` 类来说下一个选择的值将是下一个最高的二的幂数。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:891 +msgid "" +"While ``_sunder_`` names are generally reserved for the further development " +"of the :class:`Enum` class and can not be used, some are explicitly allowed:" +msgstr "虽然 ``_sunder_`` 名称通常被保留用于 :class:`Enum` 类的后续开发因而不可被使用，但有一些则被显式地允许：" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:894 +msgid "" +"``_repr_*`` (e.g. ``_repr_html_``), as used in `IPython's rich display`_" +msgstr "``_repr_*`` (例如 ``_repr_html_``)，用于 `IPython 的丰富显示`_" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:896 +msgid "``_missing_``, ``_order_``, ``_generate_next_value_``" +msgstr "``_missing_``, ``_order_``, ``_generate_next_value_``" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:897 +msgid "``_ignore_``" +msgstr "``_ignore_``" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:898 +msgid "``_add_alias_``, ``_add_value_alias_``, ``_repr_*``" +msgstr "``_add_alias_``, ``_add_value_alias_``, ``_repr_*``" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:904 +msgid "Utilities and Decorators" +msgstr "工具与装饰器" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:908 +msgid "" +"*auto* can be used in place of a value. If used, the *Enum* machinery will " +"call an :class:`Enum`'s :meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` to get an " +"appropriate value. For :class:`Enum` and :class:`IntEnum` that appropriate " +"value will be the last value plus one; for :class:`Flag` and " +":class:`IntFlag` it will be the first power-of-two greater than the highest " +"value; for :class:`StrEnum` it will be the lower-cased version of the " +"member's name. Care must be taken if mixing *auto()* with manually " +"specified values." +msgstr "" +"*auto* 可被用来替换某个值。 如果使用，*Enum* 机制将调用一个 :class:`Enum` 的 " +":meth:`~Enum._generate_next_value_` 来获取适当的值。 对于 :class:`Enum` 和 " +":class:`IntEnum` 这个适当的值将为最后的值加一；对于 :class:`Flag` 和 :class:`IntFlag` " +"它将为首个大于最高值的二的整数次方；对于 :class:`StrEnum` 它将为成员名称的小写版本。 如果将 *auto()* " +"与手动指定的值混用则必须十分小心。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:916 +msgid "" +"*auto* instances are only resolved when at the top level of an assignment:" +msgstr "*auto* 实际仅会在赋值操作的最高层级上被解析:" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:918 +msgid "``FIRST = auto()`` will work (auto() is replaced with ``1``);" +msgstr "``FIRST = auto()`` 将是可用的 (auto() 会被替换为 ``1``);" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:919 +msgid "" +"``SECOND = auto(), -2`` will work (auto is replaced with ``2``, so ``2, -2``" +" is used to create the ``SECOND`` enum member;" +msgstr "" +"``SECOND = auto(), -2`` 将是可用的 (auto 会被替换为 ``2``，因此将使用 ``2, -2`` 来创建 " +"``SECOND`` 枚举成员；" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:921 +msgid "" +"``THREE = [auto(), -3]`` will *not* work (``, -3`` is used to" +" create the ``THREE`` enum member)" +msgstr "" +"``THREE = [auto(), -3]`` 将 *不可用* (``, -3`` 将被用来创建 ``THREE`` " +"枚举成员)" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:926 +msgid "" +"In prior versions, ``auto()`` had to be the only thing on the assignment " +"line to work properly." +msgstr "在之前的版本中，``auto()`` 必须为赋值行中唯一的内容才是可用的。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:929 +msgid "" +"``_generate_next_value_`` can be overridden to customize the values used by " +"*auto*." +msgstr "``_generate_next_value_`` 可以被重写以便自定义 *auto* 所使用的值。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:932 +msgid "" +"in 3.13 the default ``_generate_next_value_`` will always return the highest" +" member value incremented by 1, and will fail if any member is an " +"incompatible type." +msgstr "" +"在 3.13 中默认的 ``_generate_next_value_`` 将总是返回最高成员值递增 1 " +"的结果，并且如果有任何成员为不兼容的类型则将失败。, and will fail if any member is an incompatible " +"type." + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:938 +msgid "" +"A decorator similar to the built-in *property*, but specifically for " +"enumerations. It allows member attributes to have the same names as members" +" themselves." +msgstr "一个类似于内置 *property* 的装饰器，但是专用于枚举。 它允许成员属性具有与成员自身相同的名称。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:942 +msgid "" +"the *property* and the member must be defined in separate classes; for " +"example, the *value* and *name* attributes are defined in the *Enum* class, " +"and *Enum* subclasses can define members with the names ``value`` and " +"``name``." +msgstr "" +"*property* 和成员必须在单独的类中定义；例如 *value* 和 *name* 属性是在 *Enum* 类中定义，而 *Enum* " +"的子类可以定义名称为 ``value`` 和 ``name`` 的成员。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:951 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`class` decorator specifically for enumerations. It searches an " +"enumeration's :attr:`~EnumType.__members__`, gathering any aliases it finds;" +" if any are found :exc:`ValueError` is raised with the details::" +msgstr "" +"一个专用于枚举的 :keyword:`class` 装饰器。 它将搜索一个枚举的 " +":attr:`~EnumType.__members__`，收集它所找到的任何别名；如果找到了任何别名则会引发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"并附带详情::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:955 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum, unique\n" +">>> @unique\n" +"... class Mistake(Enum):\n" +"... ONE = 1\n" +"... TWO = 2\n" +"... THREE = 3\n" +"... FOUR = 3\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: duplicate values found in : FOUR -> THREE" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum, unique\n" +">>> @unique\n" +"... class Mistake(Enum):\n" +"... ONE = 1\n" +"... TWO = 2\n" +"... THREE = 3\n" +"... FOUR = 3\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: duplicate values found in : FOUR -> THREE" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:969 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`class` decorator specifically for enumerations. Members from " +":class:`EnumCheck` are used to specify which constraints should be checked " +"on the decorated enumeration." +msgstr "" +"一个专用于枚举的 :keyword:`class` 装饰器。 将使用来自 :class:`EnumCheck` " +"的成员指明应当在被装饰的枚举上检查哪些约束。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:977 +msgid "A decorator for use in enums: its target will become a member." +msgstr "一个在枚举中使用的装饰器：它的目标将成为一个成员。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:983 +msgid "A decorator for use in enums: its target will not become a member." +msgstr "一个在枚举中使用的装饰器：它的目标将不会成员一个成员。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:989 +msgid "" +"A decorator to change the :class:`str() ` and :func:`repr` of an enum " +"to show its members as belonging to the module instead of its class. Should " +"only be used when the enum members are exported to the module global " +"namespace (see :class:`re.RegexFlag` for an example)." +msgstr "" +"一个修改枚举的 :class:`str() ` 和 :func:`repr` 来将其成员显示为属于模块而不是类的装饰器。 " +"应当仅在枚举成员被导出到模块全局命名空间时（请参看 :class:`re.RegexFlag` 获取示例）使用。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Return a list of all power-of-two integers contained in a flag *value*." +msgstr "返回旗标 *value* 中包含的所有二的整数次幂的列表。" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1006 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1008 +msgid ":class:`IntEnum`, :class:`StrEnum`, and :class:`IntFlag`" +msgstr ":class:`IntEnum`, :class:`StrEnum` 和 :class:`IntFlag`" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"These three enum types are designed to be drop-in replacements for existing " +"integer- and string-based values; as such, they have extra limitations:" +msgstr "这三个枚举类型被设计用来快速替代现有的基于整数和字符串的值；为此，它们都有额外的限制:" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1013 +msgid "``__str__`` uses the value and not the name of the enum member" +msgstr "``__str__`` 使用枚举成员的值而不是名称" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"``__format__``, because it uses ``__str__``, will also use the value of the " +"enum member instead of its name" +msgstr "``__format__``，因为它使用了 ``__str__``，也将使用枚举成员的值而不是其名称" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1018 +msgid "" +"If you do not need/want those limitations, you can either create your own " +"base class by mixing in the ``int`` or ``str`` type yourself::" +msgstr "如果你不需要/希望有这些限制，你可以通过自行混入 ``int`` 或 ``str`` 类型来创建你自己的基类::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1021 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class MyIntEnum(int, Enum):\n" +"... pass" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class MyIntEnum(int, Enum):\n" +"... pass" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1025 +msgid "or you can reassign the appropriate :meth:`str`, etc., in your enum::" +msgstr "或者你也可以在你的枚举中重新赋值适当的 :meth:`str` 等::" + +#: ../../library/enum.rst:1027 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum, IntEnum\n" +">>> class MyIntEnum(IntEnum):\n" +"... __str__ = Enum.__str__" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum, IntEnum\n" +">>> class MyIntEnum(IntEnum):\n" +"... __str__ = Enum.__str__" diff --git a/library/errno.po b/library/errno.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e09b904f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/errno.po @@ -0,0 +1,719 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Sean Chao , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-31 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!errno` --- Standard errno system symbols" +msgstr ":mod:`!errno` --- 标准 errno 系统符号" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This module makes available standard ``errno`` system symbols. The value of " +"each symbol is the corresponding integer value. The names and descriptions " +"are borrowed from :file:`linux/include/errno.h`, which should be all-" +"inclusive." +msgstr "" +"该模块提供了标准的 ``errno`` 系统符号。每个符号的值都是相应的整数值。名称和描述借用自 " +":file:`linux/include/errno.h` ，它应该是全包含的。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Dictionary providing a mapping from the errno value to the string name in " +"the underlying system. For instance, ``errno.errorcode[errno.EPERM]`` maps " +"to ``'EPERM'``." +msgstr "" +"提供从 errno 值到底层系统中字符串名称的映射的字典。例如， ``errno.errorcode[errno.EPERM]`` 映射为 " +"``'EPERM'`` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:21 +msgid "" +"To translate a numeric error code to an error message, use " +":func:`os.strerror`." +msgstr "如果要将数字的错误代码转换为错误信息，请使用 :func:`os.strerror`。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Of the following list, symbols that are not used on the current platform are" +" not defined by the module. The specific list of defined symbols is " +"available as ``errno.errorcode.keys()``. Symbols available can include:" +msgstr "" +"在下面的列表中，当前平台上没有使用的符号没有被本模块定义。 已定义的符号的具体列表可参见 ``errno.errorcode.keys()``。 " +"可用的符号包括：" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Operation not permitted. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`PermissionError`." +msgstr "操作不允许。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`PermissionError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:36 +msgid "" +"No such file or directory. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`FileNotFoundError`." +msgstr "没有这样的文件或目录。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`FileNotFoundError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:42 +msgid "" +"No such process. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`ProcessLookupError`." +msgstr "没有这样的进程。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`ProcessLookupError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Interrupted system call. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`InterruptedError`." +msgstr "系统调用中断。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`InterruptedError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:54 +msgid "I/O error" +msgstr "I/O 错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:59 +msgid "No such device or address" +msgstr "无此设备或地址" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:64 +msgid "Arg list too long" +msgstr "参数列表过长" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:69 +msgid "Exec format error" +msgstr "执行格式错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:74 +msgid "Bad file number" +msgstr "错误的文件号" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:79 +msgid "" +"No child processes. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`ChildProcessError`." +msgstr "没有子进程。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`ChildProcessError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Try again. This error is mapped to the exception :exc:`BlockingIOError`." +msgstr "再试一次。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`BlockingIOError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:90 +msgid "Out of memory" +msgstr "内存不足" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Permission denied. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`PermissionError`." +msgstr "权限被拒绝。 这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`PermissionError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:101 +msgid "Bad address" +msgstr "错误的地址" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:106 +msgid "Block device required" +msgstr "需要块设备" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:111 +msgid "Device or resource busy" +msgstr "设备或资源忙" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:116 +msgid "" +"File exists. This error is mapped to the exception :exc:`FileExistsError`." +msgstr "文件存在。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`FileExistsError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:122 +msgid "Cross-device link" +msgstr "跨设备链接" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:127 +msgid "No such device" +msgstr "无此设备" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Not a directory. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`NotADirectoryError`." +msgstr "不是一个目录。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`NotADirectoryError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Is a directory. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`IsADirectoryError`." +msgstr "是一个目录。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`IsADirectoryError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:144 +msgid "Invalid argument" +msgstr "无效的参数" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:149 +msgid "File table overflow" +msgstr "文件表溢出" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:154 +msgid "Too many open files" +msgstr "打开的文件过多" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:159 +msgid "Not a typewriter" +msgstr "不是打字机" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:164 +msgid "Text file busy" +msgstr "文本文件忙" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:169 +msgid "File too large" +msgstr "文件过大" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:174 +msgid "No space left on device" +msgstr "设备已无可用空间" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:179 +msgid "Illegal seek" +msgstr "非法查找" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:184 +msgid "Read-only file system" +msgstr "只读文件系统" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:189 +msgid "Too many links" +msgstr "链接过多" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Broken pipe. This error is mapped to the exception :exc:`BrokenPipeError`." +msgstr "管道中断。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`BrokenPipeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:200 +msgid "Math argument out of domain of func" +msgstr "数学参数超出函数范围" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:205 +msgid "Math result not representable" +msgstr "数学运算结果无法表示" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:210 +msgid "Resource deadlock would occur" +msgstr "将发生资源死锁" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:215 +msgid "File name too long" +msgstr "文件名过长" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:220 +msgid "No record locks available" +msgstr "没有可用的记录锁" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:225 +msgid "Function not implemented" +msgstr "功能未实现" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:230 +msgid "Directory not empty" +msgstr "目录非空" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:235 +msgid "Too many symbolic links encountered" +msgstr "遇到过多的符号链接" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Operation would block. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`BlockingIOError`." +msgstr "操作会阻塞。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`BlockingIOError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:246 +msgid "No message of desired type" +msgstr "没有所需类型的消息" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:251 +msgid "Identifier removed" +msgstr "标识符被移除" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:256 +msgid "Channel number out of range" +msgstr "信道编号超出范围" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:261 +msgid "Level 2 not synchronized" +msgstr "级别 2 未同步" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:266 +msgid "Level 3 halted" +msgstr "级别 3 已停止" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:271 +msgid "Level 3 reset" +msgstr "级别 3 重置" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:276 +msgid "Link number out of range" +msgstr "链接编号超出范围" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:281 +msgid "Protocol driver not attached" +msgstr "未附加协议驱动" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:286 +msgid "No CSI structure available" +msgstr "没有可用的 CSI 结构" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:291 +msgid "Level 2 halted" +msgstr "级别 2 已停止" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:296 +msgid "Invalid exchange" +msgstr "无效的交换" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:301 +msgid "Invalid request descriptor" +msgstr "无效的请求描述符" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:306 +msgid "Exchange full" +msgstr "交换已满" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:311 +msgid "No anode" +msgstr "没有阳极" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:316 +msgid "Invalid request code" +msgstr "无效的请求码·" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:321 +msgid "Invalid slot" +msgstr "无效的槽位" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:326 +msgid "File locking deadlock error" +msgstr "文件锁定死锁错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:331 +msgid "Bad font file format" +msgstr "错误的字体文件格式" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:336 +msgid "Device not a stream" +msgstr "设备不是流" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:341 +msgid "No data available" +msgstr "没有可用的数据" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:346 +msgid "Timer expired" +msgstr "计时器已到期" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:351 +msgid "Out of streams resources" +msgstr "流资源不足" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:356 +msgid "Machine is not on the network" +msgstr "机器不在网络上" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:361 +msgid "Package not installed" +msgstr "包未安装" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:366 +msgid "Object is remote" +msgstr "对象是远程的" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:371 +msgid "Link has been severed" +msgstr "链接已被切断" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:376 +msgid "Advertise error" +msgstr "广告错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:381 +msgid "Srmount error" +msgstr "挂载错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:386 +msgid "Communication error on send" +msgstr "发送时通讯错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:391 +msgid "Protocol error" +msgstr "协议错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:396 +msgid "Multihop attempted" +msgstr "已尝试多跳" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:401 +msgid "RFS specific error" +msgstr "RFS 专属错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:406 +msgid "Not a data message" +msgstr "非数据消息" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:411 +msgid "Value too large for defined data type" +msgstr "值相对于已定义数据类型过大" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:416 +msgid "Name not unique on network" +msgstr "名称在网络上不唯一" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:421 +msgid "File descriptor in bad state" +msgstr "文件描述符处于错误状态" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:426 +msgid "Remote address changed" +msgstr "远端地址已改变" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:431 +msgid "Can not access a needed shared library" +msgstr "无法访问所需的共享库" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:436 +msgid "Accessing a corrupted shared library" +msgstr "访问已损坏的共享库" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:441 +msgid ".lib section in a.out corrupted" +msgstr "a.out 中的 .lib 部分已损坏" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:446 +msgid "Attempting to link in too many shared libraries" +msgstr "尝试链接过多的共享库" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:451 +msgid "Cannot exec a shared library directly" +msgstr "无法直接执行共享库" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:456 +msgid "Illegal byte sequence" +msgstr "非法字节序列" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:461 +msgid "Interrupted system call should be restarted" +msgstr "已中断系统调用需要重启" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:466 +msgid "Streams pipe error" +msgstr "流管道错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:471 +msgid "Too many users" +msgstr "用户过多" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:476 +msgid "Socket operation on non-socket" +msgstr "在非套接字上执行套接字操作" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:481 +msgid "Destination address required" +msgstr "需要目标地址" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:486 +msgid "Message too long" +msgstr "消息过长" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:491 +msgid "Protocol wrong type for socket" +msgstr "套接字的协议类型错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:496 +msgid "Protocol not available" +msgstr "协议不可用" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:501 +msgid "Protocol not supported" +msgstr "协议不受支持" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:506 +msgid "Socket type not supported" +msgstr "套接字类型不受支持" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:511 +msgid "Operation not supported on transport endpoint" +msgstr "操作在传输端点上不受支持" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:516 +msgid "Operation not supported" +msgstr "操作不受支持" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:523 +msgid "Protocol family not supported" +msgstr "协议族不受支持" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:528 +msgid "Address family not supported by protocol" +msgstr "地址族不受协议支持" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:533 +msgid "Address already in use" +msgstr "地址已被使用" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:538 +msgid "Cannot assign requested address" +msgstr "无法分配要求的地址" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:543 +msgid "Network is down" +msgstr "网络已断开" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:548 +msgid "Network is unreachable" +msgstr "网络不可达" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:553 +msgid "Network dropped connection because of reset" +msgstr "网络因重置而断开连接" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:558 +msgid "" +"Software caused connection abort. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`ConnectionAbortedError`." +msgstr "软件导致连接中止。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`ConnectionAbortedError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:564 +msgid "" +"Connection reset by peer. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`ConnectionResetError`." +msgstr "连接被对方重置。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`ConnectionResetError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:570 +msgid "No buffer space available" +msgstr "没有可用的缓冲区空间" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:575 +msgid "Transport endpoint is already connected" +msgstr "传输端点已连接" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:580 +msgid "Transport endpoint is not connected" +msgstr "传输端点未连接" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:585 +msgid "" +"Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown. This error is mapped to the " +"exception :exc:`BrokenPipeError`." +msgstr "在传输端点关闭后无法发送。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`BrokenPipeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:591 +msgid "Too many references: cannot splice" +msgstr "引用过多：无法拼接" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:596 +msgid "" +"Connection timed out. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`TimeoutError`." +msgstr "连接超时。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`TimeoutError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:602 +msgid "" +"Connection refused. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`ConnectionRefusedError`." +msgstr "连接被拒绝。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:608 +msgid "Host is down" +msgstr "主机已关闭" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:613 +msgid "No route to host" +msgstr "没有到主机的路由" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Operation already in progress. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`BlockingIOError`." +msgstr "操作已经在进行中。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`BlockingIOError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:624 +msgid "" +"Operation now in progress. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`BlockingIOError`." +msgstr "操作现在正在进行中。这个错误被映射到异常 :exc:`BlockingIOError` 。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:630 +msgid "Stale NFS file handle" +msgstr "过期的 NFS 文件句柄" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:635 +msgid "Structure needs cleaning" +msgstr "结构需要清理" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:640 +msgid "Not a XENIX named type file" +msgstr "不是 XENIX 命名类型文件" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:645 +msgid "No XENIX semaphores available" +msgstr "没有可用的 XENIX 信标" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:650 +msgid "Is a named type file" +msgstr "是命名类型文件" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:655 +msgid "Remote I/O error" +msgstr "远程 I/O 错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:660 +msgid "Quota exceeded" +msgstr "超出配额" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:664 +msgid "Interface output queue is full" +msgstr "接口输出队列已满" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:671 +msgid "No medium found" +msgstr "未找到媒介" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:676 +msgid "Wrong medium type" +msgstr "错误的媒介类型" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:681 +msgid "Required key not available" +msgstr "需要的密钥不可用" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:686 +msgid "Key has expired" +msgstr "密钥已到期" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:691 +msgid "Key has been revoked" +msgstr "密钥已被撤销" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:696 +msgid "Key was rejected by service" +msgstr "密钥被服务拒绝" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:701 +msgid "Operation not possible due to RF-kill" +msgstr "操作因 RF-kill 而无法执行" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:706 +msgid "Locked lock was unmapped" +msgstr "锁定的锁未被映射" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:711 +msgid "Facility is not active" +msgstr "功能未被激活" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:716 +msgid "Authentication error" +msgstr "认证错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:723 +msgid "Bad CPU type in executable" +msgstr "可执行文件中有错误的 CPU 类型" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:730 +msgid "Bad executable (or shared library)" +msgstr "错误的可执行文件（或共享库）" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:737 +msgid "Malformed Mach-o file" +msgstr "畸形的 Mach-o 文件" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:744 +msgid "Device error" +msgstr "设备错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:751 +msgid "Inappropriate file type or format" +msgstr "不正确的文件类型或格式" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:758 +msgid "Need authenticator" +msgstr "需要认证" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:765 +msgid "Attribute not found" +msgstr "属性未找到" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:772 +msgid "Policy not found" +msgstr "策略未找到" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:779 +msgid "Too many processes" +msgstr "进程过多" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:786 +msgid "Bad procedure for program" +msgstr "错误的程序步骤" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:793 +msgid "Program version wrong" +msgstr "程序版本错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:800 +msgid "RPC prog. not avail" +msgstr "RPC 程序不可用" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:807 +msgid "Device power is off" +msgstr "设备电源关闭" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:814 +msgid "RPC struct is bad" +msgstr "RPC 结构错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:821 +msgid "RPC version wrong" +msgstr "RPC 版本错误" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:828 +msgid "Shared library version mismatch" +msgstr "共享库版本不匹配" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:835 +msgid "" +"Capabilities insufficient. This error is mapped to the exception " +":exc:`PermissionError`." +msgstr "功能不足。 此错误被映射到异常 :exc:`PermissionError`。" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:838 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:845 +msgid "Operation canceled" +msgstr "操作已被取消" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:852 +msgid "Owner died" +msgstr "所有者已不存在" + +#: ../../library/errno.rst:859 +msgid "State not recoverable" +msgstr "状态无法恢复" diff --git a/library/exceptions.po b/library/exceptions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8d12a2e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/exceptions.po @@ -0,0 +1,1647 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:4 +msgid "Built-in Exceptions" +msgstr "内置异常" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:10 +msgid "" +"In Python, all exceptions must be instances of a class that derives from " +":class:`BaseException`. In a :keyword:`try` statement with an " +":keyword:`except` clause that mentions a particular class, that clause also " +"handles any exception classes derived from that class (but not exception " +"classes from which *it* is derived). Two exception classes that are not " +"related via subclassing are never equivalent, even if they have the same " +"name." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中，所有异常必须为一个派生自 :class:`BaseException` 的类的实例。 在带有提及一个特定类的 " +":keyword:`except` 子句的 :keyword:`try` 语句中，该子句也会处理任何派生自该类的异常类（但不处理 *它* " +"所派生出的异常类）。 通过子类化创建的两个不相关异常类永远是不等效的，既使它们具有相同的名称。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The built-in exceptions listed in this chapter can be generated by the " +"interpreter or built-in functions. Except where mentioned, they have an " +"\"associated value\" indicating the detailed cause of the error. This may " +"be a string or a tuple of several items of information (e.g., an error code " +"and a string explaining the code). The associated value is usually passed " +"as arguments to the exception class's constructor." +msgstr "" +"本章中列出的内置异常可由解释器或内置函数来生成。 除非另有说明，它们都会具有一个提示导致错误详细原因的“关联值”。 " +"这可以是一个字符串或由多个信息项（例如一个错误码和一个解释该错误码的字符串）。 关联值通常会作为参数被传给异常类的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:26 +msgid "" +"User code can raise built-in exceptions. This can be used to test an " +"exception handler or to report an error condition \"just like\" the " +"situation in which the interpreter raises the same exception; but beware " +"that there is nothing to prevent user code from raising an inappropriate " +"error." +msgstr "" +"用户代码可以引发内置异常。 这可被用于测试异常处理程序或报告错误条件，“就像” " +"在解释器引发了相同异常的情况时一样；但是请注意，没有任何机制能防止用户代码引发不适当的错误。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:31 +msgid "" +"The built-in exception classes can be subclassed to define new exceptions; " +"programmers are encouraged to derive new exceptions from the " +":exc:`Exception` class or one of its subclasses, and not from " +":exc:`BaseException`. More information on defining exceptions is available " +"in the Python Tutorial under :ref:`tut-userexceptions`." +msgstr "" +"内置异常类可以被子类化以定义新的异常；鼓励程序员从 :exc:`Exception` 类或它的某个子类而不是从 :exc:`BaseException`" +" 来派生新的异常。 关于定义异常的更多信息可以在 Python 教程的 :ref:`tut-userexceptions` 部分查看。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:39 +msgid "Exception context" +msgstr "异常上下文" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Three attributes on exception objects provide information about the context " +"in which the exception was raised:" +msgstr "异常对象上的三个属性提供了有关引发异常所在上下文的信息：" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:53 +msgid "" +"When raising a new exception while another exception is already being " +"handled, the new exception's :attr:`!__context__` attribute is automatically" +" set to the handled exception. An exception may be handled when an " +":keyword:`except` or :keyword:`finally` clause, or a :keyword:`with` " +"statement, is used." +msgstr "" +"当有其他异常已经被处理的情况下又引发一个新异常的时候，新异常的 :attr:`!__context__` 属性会被自动设为已经被处理的异常。 " +"异常可以在使用了 :keyword:`except` 或 :keyword:`finally` 子句，或者 :keyword:`with` " +"语句的时候被处理。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:59 +msgid "" +"This implicit exception context can be supplemented with an explicit cause " +"by using :keyword:`!from` with :keyword:`raise`::" +msgstr "这个隐式异常上下文可以通过使用 :keyword:`!from` 配合 :keyword:`raise` 来补充一个显式的原因::" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:63 +msgid "raise new_exc from original_exc" +msgstr "raise new_exc from original_exc" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The expression following :keyword:`from` must be an exception or " +"``None``. It will be set as :attr:`!__cause__` on the raised exception. " +"Setting :attr:`!__cause__` also implicitly sets the " +":attr:`!__suppress_context__` attribute to ``True``, so that using ``raise " +"new_exc from None`` effectively replaces the old exception with the new one " +"for display purposes (e.g. converting :exc:`KeyError` to " +":exc:`AttributeError`), while leaving the old exception available in " +":attr:`!__context__` for introspection when debugging." +msgstr "" +"跟在 :keyword:`from` 之后的表达式必须为一个异常或 ``None``。 它将在所引发的异常上被设为 " +":attr:`!__cause__`。 设置 :attr:`!__cause__` 还会隐式地将 " +":attr:`!__suppress_context__` 属性设为 ``True``，这样使用 ``raise new_exc from None``" +" 可以有效地将旧异常替换为新异常来显示其目的 (例如将 :exc:`KeyError` 转换为 " +":exc:`AttributeError`)，同时让旧异常在 :attr:`!__context__` 中保持可用以便在调试时执行内省。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:74 +msgid "" +"The default traceback display code shows these chained exceptions in " +"addition to the traceback for the exception itself. An explicitly chained " +"exception in :attr:`!__cause__` is always shown when present. An implicitly " +"chained exception in :attr:`!__context__` is shown only if " +":attr:`!__cause__` is :const:`None` and :attr:`!__suppress_context__` is " +"false." +msgstr "" +"除了异常本身的回溯以外，默认的回溯还会显示这些串连的异常。 :attr:`!__cause__` 中的显式串连异常如果存在将总是显示。 " +":attr:`!__context__` 中的隐式串连异常仅在 :attr:`!__cause__` 为 :const:`None` 且 " +":attr:`!__suppress_context__` 为假值时显示。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:80 +msgid "" +"In either case, the exception itself is always shown after any chained " +"exceptions so that the final line of the traceback always shows the last " +"exception that was raised." +msgstr "不论在哪种情况下，异常本身总会在任何串连异常之后显示，以便回溯的最后一行总是显示所引发的最后一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:86 +msgid "Inheriting from built-in exceptions" +msgstr "从内置异常继承" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:88 +msgid "" +"User code can create subclasses that inherit from an exception type. It's " +"recommended to only subclass one exception type at a time to avoid any " +"possible conflicts between how the bases handle the ``args`` attribute, as " +"well as due to possible memory layout incompatibilities." +msgstr "" +"用户代码可以创建继承自某个异常类型的子类。 建议每次仅子类化一个异常类型以避免多个基类处理 ``args`` " +"属性的不同方式，以及内存布局不兼容可能导致的冲突。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Most built-in exceptions are implemented in C for efficiency, see: " +":source:`Objects/exceptions.c`. Some have custom memory layouts which makes" +" it impossible to create a subclass that inherits from multiple exception " +"types. The memory layout of a type is an implementation detail and might " +"change between Python versions, leading to new conflicts in the future. " +"Therefore, it's recommended to avoid subclassing multiple exception types " +"altogether." +msgstr "" +"大多数内置异常都用 C 实现以保证运行效率，参见: :source:`Objects/exceptions.c`。 " +"其中一些具有自定义内存布局，这使得创建继承自多个异常类型的子类成为不可能。 一个类型的内存布局属于实现细节并可能随着 Python " +"版本升级而改变，导致在未来可能产生新的冲突。 因此，建议完全避免子类化多个异常类型。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:105 +msgid "Base classes" +msgstr "基类" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:107 +msgid "" +"The following exceptions are used mostly as base classes for other " +"exceptions." +msgstr "下列异常主要被用作其他异常的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:111 +msgid "" +"The base class for all built-in exceptions. It is not meant to be directly " +"inherited by user-defined classes (for that, use :exc:`Exception`). If " +":func:`str` is called on an instance of this class, the representation of " +"the argument(s) to the instance are returned, or the empty string when there" +" were no arguments." +msgstr "" +"所有内置异常的基类。 它不应该被用户自定义类直接继承 (这种情况请使用 :exc:`Exception`)。 如果在此类的实例上调用 " +":func:`str`，则会返回实例的参数表示，或者当没有参数时返回空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:119 +msgid "" +"The tuple of arguments given to the exception constructor. Some built-in " +"exceptions (like :exc:`OSError`) expect a certain number of arguments and " +"assign a special meaning to the elements of this tuple, while others are " +"usually called only with a single string giving an error message." +msgstr "" +"传给异常构造器的参数元组。 某些内置异常 (例如 :exc:`OSError`) " +"接受特定数量的参数并赋予此元组中的元素特殊的含义，而其他异常通常只接受一个给出错误信息的单独字符串。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:126 +msgid "" +"This method sets *tb* as the new traceback for the exception and returns the" +" exception object. It was more commonly used before the exception chaining " +"features of :pep:`3134` became available. The following example shows how " +"we can convert an instance of ``SomeException`` into an instance of " +"``OtherException`` while preserving the traceback. Once raised, the current" +" frame is pushed onto the traceback of the ``OtherException``, as would have" +" happened to the traceback of the original ``SomeException`` had we allowed " +"it to propagate to the caller. ::" +msgstr "" +"此方法会将 *tb* 设为新的异常回溯信息并返回异常对象。 它在 :pep:`3134` 的异常链特性可用之前更为常用。 下面的例子演示了我们如何将一个" +" ``SomeException`` 实例转换为 ``OtherException`` 实例而保留回溯信息。 异常一旦被引发，当前帧会被推至 " +"``OtherException`` 的回溯栈顶端，就像当我们允许原始 ``SomeException`` " +"被传播给调用方时它的回溯栈将会发生的情形一样。::" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:135 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +"except SomeException:\n" +" tb = sys.exception().__traceback__\n" +" raise OtherException(...).with_traceback(tb)" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +"except SomeException:\n" +" tb = sys.exception().__traceback__\n" +" raise OtherException(...).with_traceback(tb)" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:143 +msgid "" +"A writable field that holds the :ref:`traceback object ` " +"associated with this exception. See also: :ref:`raise`." +msgstr "保存关联到该异常的 :ref:`回溯对象 ` 的可写字段。 另请参阅: :ref:`raise`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Add the string ``note`` to the exception's notes which appear in the " +"standard traceback after the exception string. A :exc:`TypeError` is raised " +"if ``note`` is not a string." +msgstr "" +"将字符串 ``note`` 添加到在异常字符串之后的标准回溯中显示的注释中。 如果 ``note`` 不是一个字符串则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:157 +msgid "" +"A list of the notes of this exception, which were added with " +":meth:`add_note`. This attribute is created when :meth:`add_note` is called." +msgstr "" +"由此异常的注释组成的列表，它是通过 :meth:`add_note` 添加的。 该属性是在调用 :meth:`add_note` 时创建的。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:165 +msgid "" +"All built-in, non-system-exiting exceptions are derived from this class. " +"All user-defined exceptions should also be derived from this class." +msgstr "所有内置的非系统退出类异常都派生自此类。 所有用户自定义异常也应当派生自此类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:171 +msgid "" +"The base class for those built-in exceptions that are raised for various " +"arithmetic errors: :exc:`OverflowError`, :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, " +":exc:`FloatingPointError`." +msgstr "" +"此基类用于派生针对各种算术类错误而引发的内置异常: :exc:`OverflowError`, :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, " +":exc:`FloatingPointError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Raised when a :ref:`buffer ` related operation cannot be " +"performed." +msgstr "当与 :ref:`缓冲区 ` 相关的操作无法执行时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:184 +msgid "" +"The base class for the exceptions that are raised when a key or index used " +"on a mapping or sequence is invalid: :exc:`IndexError`, :exc:`KeyError`. " +"This can be raised directly by :func:`codecs.lookup`." +msgstr "" +"此基类用于派生当映射或序列所使用的键或索引无效时引发的异常: :exc:`IndexError`, :exc:`KeyError`。 这可以通过 " +":func:`codecs.lookup` 来直接引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:190 +msgid "Concrete exceptions" +msgstr "具体异常" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:192 +msgid "The following exceptions are the exceptions that are usually raised." +msgstr "以下异常属于经常被引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:198 +msgid "Raised when an :keyword:`assert` statement fails." +msgstr "当 :keyword:`assert` 语句失败时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Raised when an attribute reference (see :ref:`attribute-references`) or " +"assignment fails. (When an object does not support attribute references or " +"attribute assignments at all, :exc:`TypeError` is raised.)" +msgstr "" +"当属性引用 (参见 :ref:`attribute-references`) 或赋值失败时将被引发。 （当一个对象根本不支持属性引用或属性赋值时则将引发" +" :exc:`TypeError`。）" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:207 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`name` and :attr:`obj` attributes can be set using keyword-only " +"arguments to the constructor. When set they represent the name of the " +"attribute that was attempted to be accessed and the object that was accessed" +" for said attribute, respectively." +msgstr "" +":attr:`name` 和 :attr:`obj` 属性可以使用构造器的仅限关键字参数来设置。 " +"它们如果被设置则分别代表要尝试访问的属性名称以及所访问的该属性的对象。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:212 +msgid "Added the :attr:`name` and :attr:`obj` attributes." +msgstr "增加了 :attr:`name` 和 :attr:`obj` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Raised when the :func:`input` function hits an end-of-file condition (EOF) " +"without reading any data. (N.B.: the :meth:`io.IOBase.read` and " +":meth:`io.IOBase.readline` methods return an empty string when they hit " +"EOF.)" +msgstr "" +"当 :func:`input` 函数未读取任何数据即达到文件结束条件 (EOF) 时将被引发。 （另外，:meth:`io.IOBase.read` 和" +" :meth:`io.IOBase.readline` 方法在遇到 EOF 则将返回一个空字符串。）" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:224 +msgid "Not currently used." +msgstr "目前未被使用。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Raised when a :term:`generator` or :term:`coroutine` is closed; see " +":meth:`generator.close` and :meth:`coroutine.close`. It directly inherits " +"from :exc:`BaseException` instead of :exc:`Exception` since it is " +"technically not an error." +msgstr "" +"当一个 :term:`generator` 或 :term:`coroutine` 被关闭时将被引发；参见 " +":meth:`generator.close` 和 :meth:`coroutine.close`。 它直接继承自 " +":exc:`BaseException` 而不是 :exc:`Exception`，因为从技术上来说它并不是一个错误。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Raised when the :keyword:`import` statement has troubles trying to load a " +"module. Also raised when the \"from list\" in ``from ... import`` has a " +"name that cannot be found." +msgstr "" +"当 :keyword:`import` 语句尝试加载模块遇到麻烦时将被引发。 并且当 ``from ... import`` 中的 \"from " +"list\" 存在无法找到的名称时也会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:241 +msgid "" +"The optional *name* and *path* keyword-only arguments set the corresponding " +"attributes:" +msgstr "可选的 *name* 和 *path* 仅限关键字参数设置相应的属性：" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:246 +msgid "The name of the module that was attempted to be imported." +msgstr "尝试导入的模块的名称。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:250 +msgid "The path to any file which triggered the exception." +msgstr "指向任何触发异常的文件的路径。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:252 +msgid "Added the :attr:`name` and :attr:`path` attributes." +msgstr "添加了 :attr:`name` 与 :attr:`path` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:257 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ImportError` which is raised by :keyword:`import` when a" +" module could not be located. It is also raised when ``None`` is found in " +":data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "" +":exc:`ImportError` 的子类，当一个模块无法被定位时将由 :keyword:`import` 引发。 当在 " +":data:`sys.modules` 中找到 ``None`` 时也会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Raised when a sequence subscript is out of range. (Slice indices are " +"silently truncated to fall in the allowed range; if an index is not an " +"integer, :exc:`TypeError` is raised.)" +msgstr "当序列抽取超出范围时将被引发。 （切片索引会被静默截短到允许的范围；如果指定索引不是整数则 :exc:`TypeError` 会被引发。）" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Raised when a mapping (dictionary) key is not found in the set of existing " +"keys." +msgstr "当在现有键集合中找不到指定的映射（字典）键时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Raised when the user hits the interrupt key (normally :kbd:`Control-C` or " +":kbd:`Delete`). During execution, a check for interrupts is made regularly." +" The exception inherits from :exc:`BaseException` so as to not be " +"accidentally caught by code that catches :exc:`Exception` and thus prevent " +"the interpreter from exiting." +msgstr "" +"当用户按下中断键 (通常为 :kbd:`Control-C` 或 :kbd:`Delete`) 时将被引发。 在执行期间，会定期检测中断信号。 " +"该异常继承自 :exc:`BaseException` 以确保不会被处理 :exc:`Exception` 的代码意外捕获，这样可以避免退出解释器。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Catching a :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` requires special consideration. Because " +"it can be raised at unpredictable points, it may, in some circumstances, " +"leave the running program in an inconsistent state. It is generally best to " +"allow :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` to end the program as quickly as possible or " +"avoid raising it entirely. (See :ref:`handlers-and-exceptions`.)" +msgstr "" +"捕获 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 需要特别考虑。 " +"因为它可能会在不可预知的点位被引发，在某些情况下，它可能使运行中的程序陷入不一致的状态。 通常最好是让 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`" +" 尽快结束程序或者完全避免引发它。 (参见 :ref:`handlers-and-exceptions`。)" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Raised when an operation runs out of memory but the situation may still be " +"rescued (by deleting some objects). The associated value is a string " +"indicating what kind of (internal) operation ran out of memory. Note that " +"because of the underlying memory management architecture (C's " +":c:func:`malloc` function), the interpreter may not always be able to " +"completely recover from this situation; it nevertheless raises an exception " +"so that a stack traceback can be printed, in case a run-away program was the" +" cause." +msgstr "" +"当一个操作耗尽内存但情况仍可（通过删除一些对象）进行挽救时将被引发。 关联的值是一个字符串，指明是哪种（内部）操作耗尽了内存。 " +"请注意由于底层的内存管理架构（C 的 :c:func:`malloc` " +"函数），解释器也许并不总是能够从这种情况下完全恢复；但它毕竟可以引发一个异常，这样就能打印出栈回溯信息，以便找出导致问题的失控程序。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:311 +msgid "" +"Raised when a local or global name is not found. This applies only to " +"unqualified names. The associated value is an error message that includes " +"the name that could not be found." +msgstr "当某个局部或全局名称未找到时将被引发。 此异常仅用于非限定名称。 关联的值是一条错误信息，其中包含未找到的名称。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:315 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`name` attribute can be set using a keyword-only argument to the " +"constructor. When set it represent the name of the variable that was " +"attempted to be accessed." +msgstr ":attr:`name` 属性可以使用构造器的仅限关键字参数来设置。 它如果被设置则代表要尝试访问的变量名称。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:319 +msgid "Added the :attr:`name` attribute." +msgstr "增加了 :attr:`name` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:325 +msgid "" +"This exception is derived from :exc:`RuntimeError`. In user defined base " +"classes, abstract methods should raise this exception when they require " +"derived classes to override the method, or while the class is being " +"developed to indicate that the real implementation still needs to be added." +msgstr "" +"此异常派生自 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 " +"在用户自定义的基类中，抽象方法应当在其要求所派生类重写该方法，或是在其要求所开发的类提示具体实现尚待添加时引发此异常。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:332 +msgid "" +"It should not be used to indicate that an operator or method is not meant to" +" be supported at all -- in that case either leave the operator / method " +"undefined or, if a subclass, set it to :data:`None`." +msgstr "" +"它不应当用来表示一个运算符或方法根本不能被支持 -- 在此情况下应当让特定运算符 / 方法保持未定义，或者在子类中将其设为 :data:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:338 +msgid "" +":exc:`!NotImplementedError` and :data:`!NotImplemented` are not " +"interchangeable. This exception should only be used as described above; see " +":data:`NotImplemented` for details on correct usage of the built-in " +"constant." +msgstr "" +":exc:`!NotImplementedError` 和 :data:`!NotImplemented` 不能互相替代。 " +"此异常应当仅以上文所描述的方式使用；请参阅 :data:`NotImplemented` 了解正确使用该内置常量的相关细节。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:349 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised when a system function returns a system-related " +"error, including I/O failures such as \"file not found\" or \"disk full\" " +"(not for illegal argument types or other incidental errors)." +msgstr "" +"此异常在一个系统函数返回系统相关的错误时将被引发，此类错误包括 I/O 操作失败例如 \"文件未找到\" 或 \"磁盘已满\" " +"等（不包括非法参数类型或其他偶然性错误）。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:353 +msgid "" +"The second form of the constructor sets the corresponding attributes, " +"described below. The attributes default to :const:`None` if not specified." +" For backwards compatibility, if three arguments are passed, the " +":attr:`~BaseException.args` attribute contains only a 2-tuple of the first " +"two constructor arguments." +msgstr "" +"构造器的第二种形式可设置如下所述的相应属性。 如果未指定这些属性则默认为 :const:`None`。 为了能向下兼容，如果传入了三个参数，则 " +":attr:`~BaseException.args` 属性将仅包含由前两个构造器参数组成的 2 元组。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:359 +msgid "" +"The constructor often actually returns a subclass of :exc:`OSError`, as " +"described in `OS exceptions`_ below. The particular subclass depends on the" +" final :attr:`.errno` value. This behaviour only occurs when constructing " +":exc:`OSError` directly or via an alias, and is not inherited when " +"subclassing." +msgstr "" +"构造器实际返回的往往是 :exc:`OSError` 的某个子类，如下文 `OS exceptions`_ 中所描述的。 具体的子类取决于最终的 " +":attr:`.errno` 值。 此行为仅在直接或通过别名来构造 :exc:`OSError` 时发生，并且在子类化时不会被继承。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:367 +msgid "A numeric error code from the C variable :c:data:`errno`." +msgstr "来自于 C 变量 :c:data:`errno` 的数字错误码。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:371 +msgid "" +"Under Windows, this gives you the native Windows error code. The " +":attr:`.errno` attribute is then an approximate translation, in POSIX terms," +" of that native error code." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 下，此参数将给出原生的 Windows 错误码。 而 :attr:`.errno` 属性将是该原生错误码在 POSIX " +"平台下的近似转换形式。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:375 +msgid "" +"Under Windows, if the *winerror* constructor argument is an integer, the " +":attr:`.errno` attribute is determined from the Windows error code, and the " +"*errno* argument is ignored. On other platforms, the *winerror* argument is" +" ignored, and the :attr:`winerror` attribute does not exist." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 下，如果 *winerror* 构造器参数是一个整数，则 :attr:`.errno` 属性会根据 Windows 错误码来确定，而" +" *errno* 参数会被忽略。 在其他平台上，*winerror* 参数会被忽略，并且 :attr:`winerror` 属性将不存在。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:383 +msgid "" +"The corresponding error message, as provided by the operating system. It is" +" formatted by the C functions :c:func:`perror` under POSIX, and " +":c:func:`FormatMessage` under Windows." +msgstr "" +"操作系统所提供的相应错误信息。 它在 POSIX 平台中由 C 函数 :c:func:`perror` 来格式化，在 Windows 中则是由 " +":c:func:`FormatMessage`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:391 +msgid "" +"For exceptions that involve a file system path (such as :func:`open` or " +":func:`os.unlink`), :attr:`filename` is the file name passed to the " +"function. For functions that involve two file system paths (such as " +":func:`os.rename`), :attr:`filename2` corresponds to the second file name " +"passed to the function." +msgstr "" +"对于与文件系统路径有关 (例如 :func:`open` 或 :func:`os.unlink`) 的异常，:attr:`filename` " +"是传给函数的文件名。 对于涉及两个文件系统路径的函数 (例如 :func:`os.rename`)，:attr:`filename2` " +"将是传给函数的第二个文件名。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:398 +msgid "" +":exc:`EnvironmentError`, :exc:`IOError`, :exc:`WindowsError`, " +":exc:`socket.error`, :exc:`select.error` and :exc:`mmap.error` have been " +"merged into :exc:`OSError`, and the constructor may return a subclass." +msgstr "" +":exc:`EnvironmentError`, :exc:`IOError`, :exc:`WindowsError`, " +":exc:`socket.error`, :exc:`select.error` 与 :exc:`mmap.error` 已被合并到 " +":exc:`OSError`，构造器可能返回其中一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:404 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`filename` attribute is now the original file name passed to the " +"function, instead of the name encoded to or decoded from the " +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`. Also, the *filename2* " +"constructor argument and attribute was added." +msgstr "" +":attr:`filename` 属性现在是传给函数的原始文件名，而不是基于 :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler` 进行编码或解码之后的名称。 此外，还添加了 *filename2* 构造器参数和属性。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Raised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be " +"represented. This cannot occur for integers (which would rather raise " +":exc:`MemoryError` than give up). However, for historical reasons, " +"OverflowError is sometimes raised for integers that are outside a required " +"range. Because of the lack of standardization of floating-point exception " +"handling in C, most floating-point operations are not checked." +msgstr "" +"当算术运算的结果大到无法表示时将被引发。 这对整数来说不可能发生（宁可引发 :exc:`MemoryError` 也不会放弃尝试）。 " +"但是出于历史原因，有时也会在整数超出要求范围的情况下引发 OverflowError。 因为在 C " +"中缺少对浮点异常处理的标准化，大多数浮点运算都不会做检查。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:423 +msgid "" +"This exception is derived from :exc:`RuntimeError`. It is raised when an " +"operation is blocked during interpreter shutdown also known as :term:`Python" +" finalization `." +msgstr "" +"该异常派生自 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 它会在解释器关闭或称 :term:`Python 终结化 ` 期间当有操作被阻止时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:427 +msgid "" +"Examples of operations which can be blocked with a " +":exc:`PythonFinalizationError` during the Python finalization:" +msgstr "在 Python 终结化期间操作被阻止并引发 :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` 的例子：" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:430 +msgid "Creating a new Python thread." +msgstr "新建一个 Python 线程。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:431 +msgid ":func:`os.fork`." +msgstr ":func:`os.fork`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:433 +msgid "See also the :func:`sys.is_finalizing` function." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`sys.is_finalizing` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:435 ../../library/exceptions.rst:445 +msgid "Previously, a plain :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised." +msgstr "在此之前将只引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:441 +msgid "" +"This exception is derived from :exc:`RuntimeError`. It is raised when the " +"interpreter detects that the maximum recursion depth (see " +":func:`sys.getrecursionlimit`) is exceeded." +msgstr "" +"此异常派生自 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 它会在解释器检测发现超过最大递归深度 (参见 " +":func:`sys.getrecursionlimit`) 时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:451 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised when a weak reference proxy, created by the " +":func:`weakref.proxy` function, is used to access an attribute of the " +"referent after it has been garbage collected. For more information on weak " +"references, see the :mod:`weakref` module." +msgstr "" +"此异常将在使用 :func:`weakref.proxy` 函数所创建的弱引用来访问该引用的某个已被作为垃圾回收的属性时被引发。 " +"有关弱引用的更多信息请参阅 :mod:`weakref` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:459 +msgid "" +"Raised when an error is detected that doesn't fall in any of the other " +"categories. The associated value is a string indicating what precisely went" +" wrong." +msgstr "当检测到一个不归属于任何其他类别的错误时将被引发。 关联的值是一个指明究竟发生了什么问题的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Raised by built-in function :func:`next` and an :term:`iterator`\\'s " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` method to signal that there are no further items " +"produced by the iterator." +msgstr "" +"由内置函数 :func:`next` 和 :term:`iterator` 的 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` " +"方法所引发，用来表示该迭代器不能产生下一项。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:472 +msgid "" +"The exception object has a single attribute :attr:`!value`, which is given " +"as an argument when constructing the exception, and defaults to " +":const:`None`." +msgstr "该异常对象只有一个属性 :attr:`!value`，它在构造该异常时作为参数给出，默认值为 :const:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:476 +msgid "" +"When a :term:`generator` or :term:`coroutine` function returns, a new " +":exc:`StopIteration` instance is raised, and the value returned by the " +"function is used as the :attr:`value` parameter to the constructor of the " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"当一个 :term:`generator` 或 :term:`coroutine` 函数返回时，将引发一个新的 :exc:`StopIteration`" +" 实例，函数返回的值将被用作异常构造器的 :attr:`value` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:481 +msgid "" +"If a generator code directly or indirectly raises :exc:`StopIteration`, it " +"is converted into a :exc:`RuntimeError` (retaining the :exc:`StopIteration` " +"as the new exception's cause)." +msgstr "" +"如果某个生成器代码直接或间接地引发了 :exc:`StopIteration`，它会被转换为 :exc:`RuntimeError` (并将 " +":exc:`StopIteration` 保留为导致新异常的原因)。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:485 +msgid "" +"Added ``value`` attribute and the ability for generator functions to use it " +"to return a value." +msgstr "添加了 ``value`` 属性及其被生成器函数用作返回值的功能。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:489 +msgid "" +"Introduced the RuntimeError transformation via ``from __future__ import " +"generator_stop``, see :pep:`479`." +msgstr "" +"引入了通过 ``from __future__ import generator_stop`` 来实现 RuntimeError 转换，参见 " +":pep:`479`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Enable :pep:`479` for all code by default: a :exc:`StopIteration` error " +"raised in a generator is transformed into a :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +"默认对所有代码启用 :pep:`479`: 在生成器中引发的 :exc:`StopIteration` 错误将被转换为 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:499 +msgid "" +"Must be raised by :meth:`~object.__anext__` method of an :term:`asynchronous" +" iterator` object to stop the iteration." +msgstr "" +"必须由一个 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 对象的 :meth:`~object.__anext__` " +"方法来引发以停止迭代操作。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Raised when the parser encounters a syntax error. This may occur in an " +":keyword:`import` statement, in a call to the built-in functions " +":func:`compile`, :func:`exec`, or :func:`eval`, or when reading the initial " +"script or standard input (also interactively)." +msgstr "" +"当解析器遇到语法错误时引发。 这可以发生在 :keyword:`import` 语句，对内置函数 :func:`compile`, " +":func:`exec` 或 :func:`eval` 的调用，或是读取原始脚本或标准输入（也包括交互模式）的时候。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:512 +msgid "" +"The :func:`str` of the exception instance returns only the error message. " +"Details is a tuple whose members are also available as separate attributes." +msgstr "异常实例的 :func:`str` 只返回错误消息。 错误详情为一个元组，其成员也可在单独的属性中分别获取。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:517 +msgid "The name of the file the syntax error occurred in." +msgstr "发生语法错误所在文件的名称。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:521 +msgid "" +"Which line number in the file the error occurred in. This is 1-indexed: the " +"first line in the file has a ``lineno`` of 1." +msgstr "发生错误所在文件中的行号。 行号索引从 1 开始：文件中首行的 ``lineno`` 为 1。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:526 +msgid "" +"The column in the line where the error occurred. This is 1-indexed: the " +"first character in the line has an ``offset`` of 1." +msgstr "发生错误所在文件中的列号。 列号索引从 1 开始：行中首个字符的 ``offset`` 为 1。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:531 +msgid "The source code text involved in the error." +msgstr "错误所涉及的源代码文本。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:535 +msgid "" +"Which line number in the file the error occurred ends in. This is 1-indexed:" +" the first line in the file has a ``lineno`` of 1." +msgstr "发生的错误在文件中的末尾行号。 这个索引是从 1 开始的：文件中首行的 ``lineno`` 为 1。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:540 +msgid "" +"The column in the end line where the error occurred finishes. This is " +"1-indexed: the first character in the line has an ``offset`` of 1." +msgstr "发生的错误在文件中的末尾列号。 这个索引是从 1 开始：行中首个字符的 ``offset`` 为 1。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:543 +msgid "" +"For errors in f-string fields, the message is prefixed by \"f-string: \" and" +" the offsets are offsets in a text constructed from the replacement " +"expression. For example, compiling f'Bad {a b} field' results in this args " +"attribute: ('f-string: ...', ('', 1, 2, '(a b)\\n', 1, 5))." +msgstr "" +"对于 f-字符串字段中的错误，消息会带有 \"f-string: \" 前缀并且其位置是基于替换表达式构建的文本中的位置。 例如，编译 f'Bad {a" +" b} field' 将产生这样的 args 属性: ('f-string: ...', ('', 1, 2, '(a b)\\n', 1, 5))。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:548 +msgid "Added the :attr:`end_lineno` and :attr:`end_offset` attributes." +msgstr "增加了 :attr:`end_lineno` 和 :attr:`end_offset` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:553 +msgid "" +"Base class for syntax errors related to incorrect indentation. This is a " +"subclass of :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "与不正确的缩进相关的语法错误的基类。 这是 :exc:`SyntaxError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:559 +msgid "" +"Raised when indentation contains an inconsistent use of tabs and spaces. " +"This is a subclass of :exc:`IndentationError`." +msgstr "当缩进包含对制表符和空格符不一致的使用时将被引发。 这是 :exc:`IndentationError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:565 +msgid "" +"Raised when the interpreter finds an internal error, but the situation does " +"not look so serious to cause it to abandon all hope. The associated value is" +" a string indicating what went wrong (in low-level terms). In " +":term:`CPython`, this could be raised by incorrectly using Python's C API, " +"such as returning a ``NULL`` value without an exception set." +msgstr "" +"当解释器发现内部错误，但情况看起来尚未严重到要放弃所有希望时将被引发。 关联的值是一个指明发生了什么问题的字符串（使用低层级的表示形式）。 在 " +":term:`CPython` 中，这可能会因不正确地使用 Python 的 C API 而引发，例如返回 ``NULL`` 值而不设置一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:571 +msgid "" +"If you're confident that this exception wasn't your fault, or the fault of a" +" package you're using, you should report this to the author or maintainer of" +" your Python interpreter. Be sure to report the version of the Python " +"interpreter (``sys.version``; it is also printed at the start of an " +"interactive Python session), the exact error message (the exception's " +"associated value) and if possible the source of the program that triggered " +"the error." +msgstr "" +"如果你确信此异常不是你的问题，或你所使用的软件包的问题，你应当将此问题报告给你所用 Python 解释器的作者或维护者。 请确保报告 Python " +"解释器的版本 (``sys.version``；它也会在交互式 Python 会话开始时被打印出来)，具体的错误消息 (异常所关联的值) " +"以及可能触发该错误的程序的源代码。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:582 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised by the :func:`sys.exit` function. It inherits from" +" :exc:`BaseException` instead of :exc:`Exception` so that it is not " +"accidentally caught by code that catches :exc:`Exception`. This allows the " +"exception to properly propagate up and cause the interpreter to exit. When " +"it is not handled, the Python interpreter exits; no stack traceback is " +"printed. The constructor accepts the same optional argument passed to " +":func:`sys.exit`. If the value is an integer, it specifies the system exit " +"status (passed to C's :c:func:`exit` function); if it is ``None``, the exit " +"status is zero; if it has another type (such as a string), the object's " +"value is printed and the exit status is one." +msgstr "" +"此异常由 :func:`sys.exit` 函数引发。 它继承自 :exc:`BaseException` 而不是 :exc:`Exception` " +"以确保不会被处理 :exc:`Exception` 的代码意外捕获。 这允许此异常正确地向上传播并导致解释器退出。 如果它未被处理，则 Python " +"解释器就将退出；不会打印任何栈回溯信息。 构造器接受的可选参数与传递给 :func:`sys.exit` 的相同。 " +"如果该值为一个整数，则它指明系统退出状态码（会传递给 C 的 :c:func:`exit` 函数）；如果该值为 " +"``None``，则退出状态码为零；如果该值为其他类型（例如字符串），则会打印对象的值并将退出状态码设为一。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:593 +msgid "" +"A call to :func:`sys.exit` is translated into an exception so that clean-up " +"handlers (:keyword:`finally` clauses of :keyword:`try` statements) can be " +"executed, and so that a debugger can execute a script without running the " +"risk of losing control. The :func:`os._exit` function can be used if it is " +"absolutely positively necessary to exit immediately (for example, in the " +"child process after a call to :func:`os.fork`)." +msgstr "" +"对 :func:`sys.exit` 的调用会被转换为一个异常以便能执行清理处理程序 (:keyword:`try` 语句的 " +":keyword:`finally` 子句)，并且使得调试器可以执行一段脚本而不必冒失去控制的风险。 如果绝对确实地需要立即退出（例如在调用 " +":func:`os.fork` 之后的子进程中）则可使用 :func:`os._exit`." + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:602 +msgid "" +"The exit status or error message that is passed to the constructor. " +"(Defaults to ``None``.)" +msgstr "传给构造器的退出状态码或错误信息（默认为 ``None``。）" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:608 +msgid "" +"Raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of " +"inappropriate type. The associated value is a string giving details about " +"the type mismatch." +msgstr "当一个操作或函数被应用于类型不适当的对象时将被引发。 关联的值是一个字符串，给出有关类型不匹配的详情。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:611 +msgid "" +"This exception may be raised by user code to indicate that an attempted " +"operation on an object is not supported, and is not meant to be. If an " +"object is meant to support a given operation but has not yet provided an " +"implementation, :exc:`NotImplementedError` is the proper exception to raise." +msgstr "" +"此异常可以由用户代码引发，以表明尝试对某个对象进行的操作不受支持也不应当受支持。 " +"如果某个对象应当支持给定的操作但尚未提供相应的实现，所要引发的适当异常应为 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:616 +msgid "" +"Passing arguments of the wrong type (e.g. passing a :class:`list` when an " +":class:`int` is expected) should result in a :exc:`TypeError`, but passing " +"arguments with the wrong value (e.g. a number outside expected boundaries) " +"should result in a :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"传入参数的类型错误 (例如在要求 :class:`int` 时却传入了 :class:`list`) 应当导致 " +":exc:`TypeError`，但传入参数的值错误 (例如传入要求范围之外的数值) 则应当导致 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:623 +msgid "" +"Raised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method," +" but no value has been bound to that variable. This is a subclass of " +":exc:`NameError`." +msgstr "当在函数或方法中对某个局部变量进行引用，但该变量并未绑定任何值时将被引发。 此异常是 :exc:`NameError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs. It is a " +"subclass of :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "当发生与 Unicode 相关的编码或解码错误时将被引发。 此异常是 :exc:`ValueError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:633 +msgid "" +":exc:`UnicodeError` has attributes that describe the encoding or decoding " +"error. For example, ``err.object[err.start:err.end]`` gives the particular " +"invalid input that the codec failed on." +msgstr "" +":exc:`UnicodeError` 具有一些描述编码或解码错误的属性。 例如 ``err.object[err.start:err.end]`` " +"会给出导致编解码器失败的特定无效输入。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:639 +msgid "The name of the encoding that raised the error." +msgstr "引发错误的编码名称。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:643 +msgid "A string describing the specific codec error." +msgstr "描述特定编解码器错误的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:647 +msgid "The object the codec was attempting to encode or decode." +msgstr "编解码器试图要编码或解码的对象。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:651 +msgid "The first index of invalid data in :attr:`object`." +msgstr ":attr:`object` 中无效数据的开始位置索引。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:655 +msgid "The index after the last invalid data in :attr:`object`." +msgstr ":attr:`object` 中无效数据的末尾位置索引（不含）。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:660 +msgid "" +"Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding. It is a " +"subclass of :exc:`UnicodeError`." +msgstr "当在编码过程中发生与 Unicode 相关的错误时将被引发。 此异常是 :exc:`UnicodeError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:666 +msgid "" +"Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding. It is a " +"subclass of :exc:`UnicodeError`." +msgstr "当在解码过程中发生与 Unicode 相关的错误时将被引发。 此异常是 :exc:`UnicodeError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:672 +msgid "" +"Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating. It is a " +"subclass of :exc:`UnicodeError`." +msgstr "在转写过程中发生与 Unicode 相关的错误时将被引发。 此异常是 :exc:`UnicodeError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:678 +msgid "" +"Raised when an operation or function receives an argument that has the right" +" type but an inappropriate value, and the situation is not described by a " +"more precise exception such as :exc:`IndexError`." +msgstr "当操作或函数接收到具有正确类型但值不适合的参数，并且情况不能用更精确的异常例如 :exc:`IndexError` 来描述时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:685 +msgid "" +"Raised when the second argument of a division or modulo operation is zero. " +"The associated value is a string indicating the type of the operands and the" +" operation." +msgstr "当除法或取余运算的第二个参数为零时将被引发。 关联的值是一个字符串，指明操作数和运算的类型。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:690 +msgid "" +"The following exceptions are kept for compatibility with previous versions; " +"starting from Python 3.3, they are aliases of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "下列异常被保留以与之前的版本相兼容；从 Python 3.3 开始，它们都是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:699 +msgid "Only available on Windows." +msgstr "限在 Windows 中可用。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:703 +msgid "OS exceptions" +msgstr "OS 异常" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:705 +msgid "" +"The following exceptions are subclasses of :exc:`OSError`, they get raised " +"depending on the system error code." +msgstr "下列异常均为 :exc:`OSError` 的子类，它们将根据系统错误代码被引发。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:710 +msgid "" +"Raised when an operation would block on an object (e.g. socket) set for non-" +"blocking operation. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.EAGAIN`, :py:const:`~errno.EALREADY`, " +":py:const:`~errno.EWOULDBLOCK` and :py:const:`~errno.EINPROGRESS`." +msgstr "" +"当一个操作将在设置为非阻塞操作的对象（例如套接字）上发生阻塞时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.EAGAIN`, :py:const:`~errno.EALREADY`, " +":py:const:`~errno.EWOULDBLOCK` 和 :py:const:`~errno.EINPROGRESS`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:715 +msgid "" +"In addition to those of :exc:`OSError`, :exc:`BlockingIOError` can have one " +"more attribute:" +msgstr "除了 :exc:`OSError` 已有的属性，:exc:`BlockingIOError` 还有一个额外属性：" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:720 +msgid "" +"An integer containing the number of characters written to the stream before " +"it blocked. This attribute is available when using the buffered I/O classes" +" from the :mod:`io` module." +msgstr "一个整数，表示在被阻塞前已写入到流的字符数。 当使用来自 :mod:`io` 模块的带缓冲 I/O 类时此属性可用。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:726 +msgid "" +"Raised when an operation on a child process failed. Corresponds to " +":c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ECHILD`." +msgstr "当一个子进程上的操作失败时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ECHILD`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:731 +msgid "A base class for connection-related issues." +msgstr "与连接相关问题的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:733 +msgid "" +"Subclasses are :exc:`BrokenPipeError`, :exc:`ConnectionAbortedError`, " +":exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` and :exc:`ConnectionResetError`." +msgstr "" +"其子类有 :exc:`BrokenPipeError`, :exc:`ConnectionAbortedError`, " +":exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` 和 :exc:`ConnectionResetError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:738 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when trying to write on a pipe " +"while the other end has been closed, or trying to write on a socket which " +"has been shutdown for writing. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.EPIPE` and :py:const:`~errno.ESHUTDOWN`." +msgstr "" +":exc:`ConnectionError` 的子类，当试图写入一个管道而其另一端已关闭，或者试图写入一个套接字而其已关闭写入时将被引发。 对应于 " +":c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EPIPE` 和 :py:const:`~errno.ESHUTDOWN`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:745 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when a connection attempt is " +"aborted by the peer. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ECONNABORTED`." +msgstr "" +":exc:`ConnectionError` 的子类，当一个连接尝试被对端中止时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ECONNABORTED`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:751 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when a connection attempt is " +"refused by the peer. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ECONNREFUSED`." +msgstr "" +":exc:`ConnectionError` 的子类，当一个连接尝试被对端拒绝时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ECONNREFUSED`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:757 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when a connection is reset by " +"the peer. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ECONNRESET`." +msgstr "" +":exc:`ConnectionError` 的子类，当一个连接尝试被对端重置时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ECONNRESET`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:763 +msgid "" +"Raised when trying to create a file or directory which already exists. " +"Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EEXIST`." +msgstr "当试图创建一个已存在的文件或目录时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EEXIST`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Raised when a file or directory is requested but doesn't exist. Corresponds " +"to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ENOENT`." +msgstr "当所请求的文件或目录不存在时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ENOENT`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:773 +msgid "" +"Raised when a system call is interrupted by an incoming signal. Corresponds " +"to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EINTR`." +msgstr "当一个系统调用被传入的信号中断时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EINTR`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:776 +msgid "" +"Python now retries system calls when a syscall is interrupted by a signal, " +"except if the signal handler raises an exception (see :pep:`475` for the " +"rationale), instead of raising :exc:`InterruptedError`." +msgstr "" +"当系统调用被某个信号中断时，Python 现在会重试系统调用，除非该信号的处理程序引发了其它异常 (原理参见 :pep:`475`) 而不是引发 " +":exc:`InterruptedError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:783 +msgid "" +"Raised when a file operation (such as :func:`os.remove`) is requested on a " +"directory. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EISDIR`." +msgstr "" +"当请求对一个目录执行文件操作 (如 :func:`os.remove`) 时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.EISDIR`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:789 +msgid "" +"Raised when a directory operation (such as :func:`os.listdir`) is requested " +"on something which is not a directory. On most POSIX platforms, it may also" +" be raised if an operation attempts to open or traverse a non-directory file" +" as if it were a directory. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ENOTDIR`." +msgstr "" +"当请求对一个非目录执行目录操作 (如 :func:`os.listdir`) 时将被引发。 在大多数 POSIX " +"平台上，它还可能在某个操作试图将一个非目录作为目录打开或遍历时被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ENOTDIR`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:797 +msgid "" +"Raised when trying to run an operation without the adequate access rights - " +"for example filesystem permissions. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.EACCES`, :py:const:`~errno.EPERM`, and " +":py:const:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE`." +msgstr "" +"当在没有足够访问权限的情况下试图运行某个操作时将被引发 —— 例如文件系统权限。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.EACCES`, :py:const:`~errno.EPERM` 和 " +":py:const:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:802 +msgid "" +"WASI's :py:const:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE` is now mapped to " +":exc:`PermissionError`." +msgstr "WASI 的 :py:const:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE` 现在被映射至 :exc:`PermissionError`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:808 +msgid "" +"Raised when a given process doesn't exist. Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` " +":py:const:`~errno.ESRCH`." +msgstr "当给定的进程不存在时将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ESRCH`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:813 +msgid "" +"Raised when a system function timed out at the system level. Corresponds to " +":c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ETIMEDOUT`." +msgstr "" +"当一个系统函数在系统层级发生超时的情况下将被引发。 对应于 :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ETIMEDOUT`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:816 +msgid "All the above :exc:`OSError` subclasses were added." +msgstr "添加了以上所有 :exc:`OSError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:822 +msgid ":pep:`3151` - Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy" +msgstr ":pep:`3151` - 重写 OS 和 IO 异常的层次结构" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:828 +msgid "Warnings" +msgstr "警告" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:830 +msgid "" +"The following exceptions are used as warning categories; see the " +":ref:`warning-categories` documentation for more details." +msgstr "下列异常被用作警告类别；请参阅 :ref:`warning-categories` 文档了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:835 +msgid "Base class for warning categories." +msgstr "警告类别的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:840 +msgid "Base class for warnings generated by user code." +msgstr "用户代码所产生警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:845 +msgid "" +"Base class for warnings about deprecated features when those warnings are " +"intended for other Python developers." +msgstr "如果所发出的警告是针对其他 Python 开发者的，则以此作为与已弃用特性相关警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:848 +msgid "" +"Ignored by the default warning filters, except in the ``__main__`` module " +"(:pep:`565`). Enabling the :ref:`Python Development Mode ` shows " +"this warning." +msgstr "" +"会被默认警告过滤器忽略，在 ``__main__`` 模块中的情况除外 (:pep:`565`)。 启用 :ref:`Python 开发模式 " +"` 时会显示此警告。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:852 ../../library/exceptions.rst:868 +msgid "The deprecation policy is described in :pep:`387`." +msgstr "这个弃用政策是在 :pep:`387` 中描述的。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:857 +msgid "" +"Base class for warnings about features which are obsolete and expected to be" +" deprecated in the future, but are not deprecated at the moment." +msgstr "对于已过时并预计在未来弃用，但目前尚未弃用的特性相关警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:861 +msgid "" +"This class is rarely used as emitting a warning about a possible upcoming " +"deprecation is unusual, and :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is preferred for " +"already active deprecations." +msgstr "" +"这个类很少被使用，因为针对未来可能的弃用发出警告的做法并不常见，而针对当前已有的弃用则推荐使用 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:865 ../../library/exceptions.rst:891 +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:918 +msgid "" +"Ignored by the default warning filters. Enabling the :ref:`Python " +"Development Mode ` shows this warning." +msgstr "会被默认警告过滤器忽略。 启用 :ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 时会显示此警告。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:873 +msgid "Base class for warnings about dubious syntax." +msgstr "与模糊的语法相关的警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:878 +msgid "Base class for warnings about dubious runtime behavior." +msgstr "与模糊的运行时行为相关的警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:883 +msgid "" +"Base class for warnings about deprecated features when those warnings are " +"intended for end users of applications that are written in Python." +msgstr "如果所发出的警告是针对以 Python 所编写应用的最终用户的，则以此作为与已弃用特性相关警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:889 +msgid "Base class for warnings about probable mistakes in module imports." +msgstr "与在模块导入中可能的错误相关的警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:897 +msgid "Base class for warnings related to Unicode." +msgstr "与 Unicode 相关的警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:902 +msgid "Base class for warnings related to encodings." +msgstr "与编码格式相关的警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:904 +msgid "See :ref:`io-encoding-warning` for details." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`io-encoding-warning` 来了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:911 +msgid "" +"Base class for warnings related to :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`." +msgstr "与 :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 相关的警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:916 +msgid "Base class for warnings related to resource usage." +msgstr "资源使用相关警告的基类。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:927 +msgid "Exception groups" +msgstr "异常组" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:929 +msgid "" +"The following are used when it is necessary to raise multiple unrelated " +"exceptions. They are part of the exception hierarchy so they can be handled " +"with :keyword:`except` like all other exceptions. In addition, they are " +"recognised by :keyword:`except*`, which matches their subgroups" +" based on the types of the contained exceptions." +msgstr "" +"下列异常是在有必要引发多个不相关联的异常时使用的。 它们是异常层级结构的一部分因此它们可以像所有其他异常一样通过 :keyword:`except` " +"来处理。 此外，它们还可被 :keyword:`except*` 所识别，此语法将基于所包含异常的类型来匹配其子分组。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:938 +msgid "" +"Both of these exception types wrap the exceptions in the sequence ``excs``. " +"The ``msg`` parameter must be a string. The difference between the two " +"classes is that :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` extends :exc:`BaseException` and " +"it can wrap any exception, while :exc:`ExceptionGroup` extends " +":exc:`Exception` and it can only wrap subclasses of :exc:`Exception`. This " +"design is so that ``except Exception`` catches an :exc:`ExceptionGroup` but " +"not :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "" +"这两个异常类型都将多个异常包装在序列 ``excs`` 中。 ``msg`` 形参必须为一个字符串。 这两个类之间的区别在于 " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 扩展了 :exc:`BaseException` 并且它可以包装任何异常，而 " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` 则扩展了 :exc:`Exception` 并且它只能包装 :exc:`Exception` 的子类。 " +"这样的设计是为了使得 ``except Exception`` 只捕获 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 而不捕获 " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:946 +msgid "" +"The :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` constructor returns an :exc:`ExceptionGroup` " +"rather than a :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` if all contained exceptions are " +":exc:`Exception` instances, so it can be used to make the selection " +"automatic. The :exc:`ExceptionGroup` constructor, on the other hand, raises " +"a :exc:`TypeError` if any contained exception is not an :exc:`Exception` " +"subclass." +msgstr "" +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 构造器返回一个 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 而不是 " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`，如果所包含的全部异常都是 :exc:`Exception` " +"的实例的话，因此它可以被用来制造自动化的选择。 在另一方面，:exc:`ExceptionGroup` 构造器则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`，如果所包含的任何异常不是 :exc:`Exception` 的子类的话。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:955 +msgid "" +"The ``msg`` argument to the constructor. This is a read-only attribute." +msgstr "传给构造器的 ``msg`` 参数。 这是一个只读属性。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:959 +msgid "" +"A tuple of the exceptions in the ``excs`` sequence given to the constructor." +" This is a read-only attribute." +msgstr "传给构造器的 ``excs`` 序列中的由异常组成的元组。 这是一个只读属性。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Returns an exception group that contains only the exceptions from the " +"current group that match *condition*, or ``None`` if the result is empty." +msgstr "返回一个只包含来自当前组的匹配 *condition* 的异常的异常组，或者如果结果为空则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:967 +msgid "" +"The condition can be an exception type or tuple of exception types, in which" +" case each exception is checked for a match using the same check that is " +"used in an ``except`` clause. The condition can also be a callable (other " +"than a type object) that accepts an exception as its single argument and " +"returns true for the exceptions that should be in the subgroup." +msgstr "" +"该条件可以是一个异常类型或由异常类型组成的元组，在后一种情况中将对每个异常使用在 ``except`` 子句中所使用的相同检测方式来检测是否匹配。 " +"该条件也可以是一个可调用对象（而非类型对象），它接受一个异常作为其唯一参数并会针对应当属于特定子分组的异常返回真值。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:973 +msgid "" +"The nesting structure of the current exception is preserved in the result, " +"as are the values of its :attr:`message`, " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__`, :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__`, " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__` and :attr:`~BaseException.__notes__` " +"fields. Empty nested groups are omitted from the result." +msgstr "" +"当前异常的嵌套结构会在结果中保留，就如其 :attr:`message`, :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__`, " +":attr:`~BaseException.__cause__`, :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` 和 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__notes__` 字段的值一样。 空的嵌套组会在结果中被略去。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:980 +msgid "" +"The condition is checked for all exceptions in the nested exception group, " +"including the top-level and any nested exception groups. If the condition is" +" true for such an exception group, it is included in the result in full." +msgstr "条件检测会针对嵌套异常组中的所有异常执行，包括最高层级的和任何嵌套的异常组。 如果针对此类异常组的条件为真值，它将被完整包括在结果中。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:984 +msgid "``condition`` can be any callable which is not a type object." +msgstr "``condition`` 可以是任意不为类型对象的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`subgroup`, but returns the pair ``(match, rest)`` where " +"``match`` is ``subgroup(condition)`` and ``rest`` is the remaining non-" +"matching part." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`subgroup`，但将返回 ``(match, rest)`` 对，其中 ``match`` 为 " +"``subgroup(condition)`` 而 ``rest`` 为剩余的非匹配部分。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:995 +msgid "" +"Returns an exception group with the same :attr:`message`, but which wraps " +"the exceptions in ``excs``." +msgstr "返回一个具有相同 :attr:`message` 的异常组，但会将异常包装在 ``excs`` 中。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:998 +msgid "" +"This method is used by :meth:`subgroup` and :meth:`split`, which are used in" +" various contexts to break up an exception group. A subclass needs to " +"override it in order to make :meth:`subgroup` and :meth:`split` return " +"instances of the subclass rather than :exc:`ExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "" +"此方法是由 :meth:`subgroup` 和 :meth:`split` 使用的，它们被用于在各种上下文中拆分异常组。 子类需要重写它以便让 " +":meth:`subgroup` 和 :meth:`split` 返回子类的实例而不是 :exc:`ExceptionGroup`。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1004 +msgid "" +":meth:`subgroup` and :meth:`split` copy the " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__`, :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__`, " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__` and :attr:`~BaseException.__notes__` " +"fields from the original exception group to the one returned by " +":meth:`derive`, so these fields do not need to be updated by :meth:`derive`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`subgroup` 和 :meth:`split` 会从原始异常组拷贝 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__`, :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__`, " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__` 和 :attr:`~BaseException.__notes__` 字段到 " +":meth:`derive` 所返回的异常组，这样这些字段就不需要被 :meth:`derive` 更新。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1011 +msgid "" +">>> class MyGroup(ExceptionGroup):\n" +"... def derive(self, excs):\n" +"... return MyGroup(self.message, excs)\n" +"...\n" +">>> e = MyGroup(\"eg\", [ValueError(1), TypeError(2)])\n" +">>> e.add_note(\"a note\")\n" +">>> e.__context__ = Exception(\"context\")\n" +">>> e.__cause__ = Exception(\"cause\")\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise e\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... exc = e\n" +"...\n" +">>> match, rest = exc.split(ValueError)\n" +">>> exc, exc.__context__, exc.__cause__, exc.__notes__\n" +"(MyGroup('eg', [ValueError(1), TypeError(2)]), Exception('context'), Exception('cause'), ['a note'])\n" +">>> match, match.__context__, match.__cause__, match.__notes__\n" +"(MyGroup('eg', [ValueError(1)]), Exception('context'), Exception('cause'), ['a note'])\n" +">>> rest, rest.__context__, rest.__cause__, rest.__notes__\n" +"(MyGroup('eg', [TypeError(2)]), Exception('context'), Exception('cause'), ['a note'])\n" +">>> exc.__traceback__ is match.__traceback__ is rest.__traceback__\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyGroup(ExceptionGroup):\n" +"... def derive(self, excs):\n" +"... return MyGroup(self.message, excs)\n" +"...\n" +">>> e = MyGroup(\"eg\", [ValueError(1), TypeError(2)])\n" +">>> e.add_note(\"a note\")\n" +">>> e.__context__ = Exception(\"context\")\n" +">>> e.__cause__ = Exception(\"cause\")\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise e\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... exc = e\n" +"...\n" +">>> match, rest = exc.split(ValueError)\n" +">>> exc, exc.__context__, exc.__cause__, exc.__notes__\n" +"(MyGroup('eg', [ValueError(1), TypeError(2)]), Exception('context'), Exception('cause'), ['a note'])\n" +">>> match, match.__context__, match.__cause__, match.__notes__\n" +"(MyGroup('eg', [ValueError(1)]), Exception('context'), Exception('cause'), ['a note'])\n" +">>> rest, rest.__context__, rest.__cause__, rest.__notes__\n" +"(MyGroup('eg', [TypeError(2)]), Exception('context'), Exception('cause'), ['a note'])\n" +">>> exc.__traceback__ is match.__traceback__ is rest.__traceback__\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"Note that :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` defines :meth:`~object.__new__`, so " +"subclasses that need a different constructor signature need to override that" +" rather than :meth:`~object.__init__`. For example, the following defines an" +" exception group subclass which accepts an exit_code and and constructs the " +"group's message from it. ::" +msgstr "" +"请注意 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 定义了 " +":meth:`~object.__new__`，因此需要不同构造器签名的子类必须重写该方法而不是 :meth:`~object.__init__`。 " +"例如，下面定义了一个接受 exit_code 并根据它来构造分组消息的异常组子类。 ::" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"class Errors(ExceptionGroup):\n" +" def __new__(cls, errors, exit_code):\n" +" self = super().__new__(Errors, f\"exit code: {exit_code}\", errors)\n" +" self.exit_code = exit_code\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def derive(self, excs):\n" +" return Errors(excs, self.exit_code)" +msgstr "" +"class Errors(ExceptionGroup):\n" +" def __new__(cls, errors, exit_code):\n" +" self = super().__new__(Errors, f\"exit code: {exit_code}\", errors)\n" +" self.exit_code = exit_code\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def derive(self, excs):\n" +" return Errors(excs, self.exit_code)" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"Like :exc:`ExceptionGroup`, any subclass of :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` which " +"is also a subclass of :exc:`Exception` can only wrap instances of " +":exc:`Exception`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :exc:`ExceptionGroup`，任何 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 的子类也是 " +":exc:`Exception` 的子类，只能包装 :exc:`Exception` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1060 +msgid "Exception hierarchy" +msgstr "异常层次结构" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1062 +msgid "The class hierarchy for built-in exceptions is:" +msgstr "内置异常的类层级结构如下：" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"BaseException\n" +" ├── BaseExceptionGroup\n" +" ├── GeneratorExit\n" +" ├── KeyboardInterrupt\n" +" ├── SystemExit\n" +" └── Exception\n" +" ├── ArithmeticError\n" +" │ ├── FloatingPointError\n" +" │ ├── OverflowError\n" +" │ └── ZeroDivisionError\n" +" ├── AssertionError\n" +" ├── AttributeError\n" +" ├── BufferError\n" +" ├── EOFError\n" +" ├── ExceptionGroup [BaseExceptionGroup]\n" +" ├── ImportError\n" +" │ └── ModuleNotFoundError\n" +" ├── LookupError\n" +" │ ├── IndexError\n" +" │ └── KeyError\n" +" ├── MemoryError\n" +" ├── NameError\n" +" │ └── UnboundLocalError\n" +" ├── OSError\n" +" │ ├── BlockingIOError\n" +" │ ├── ChildProcessError\n" +" │ ├── ConnectionError\n" +" │ │ ├── BrokenPipeError\n" +" │ │ ├── ConnectionAbortedError\n" +" │ │ ├── ConnectionRefusedError\n" +" │ │ └── ConnectionResetError\n" +" │ ├── FileExistsError\n" +" │ ├── FileNotFoundError\n" +" │ ├── InterruptedError\n" +" │ ├── IsADirectoryError\n" +" │ ├── NotADirectoryError\n" +" │ ├── PermissionError\n" +" │ ├── ProcessLookupError\n" +" │ └── TimeoutError\n" +" ├── ReferenceError\n" +" ├── RuntimeError\n" +" │ ├── NotImplementedError\n" +" │ ├── PythonFinalizationError\n" +" │ └── RecursionError\n" +" ├── StopAsyncIteration\n" +" ├── StopIteration\n" +" ├── SyntaxError\n" +" │ └── IndentationError\n" +" │ └── TabError\n" +" ├── SystemError\n" +" ├── TypeError\n" +" ├── ValueError\n" +" │ └── UnicodeError\n" +" │ ├── UnicodeDecodeError\n" +" │ ├── UnicodeEncodeError\n" +" │ └── UnicodeTranslateError\n" +" └── Warning\n" +" ├── BytesWarning\n" +" ├── DeprecationWarning\n" +" ├── EncodingWarning\n" +" ├── FutureWarning\n" +" ├── ImportWarning\n" +" ├── PendingDeprecationWarning\n" +" ├── ResourceWarning\n" +" ├── RuntimeWarning\n" +" ├── SyntaxWarning\n" +" ├── UnicodeWarning\n" +" └── UserWarning\n" +msgstr "" +"BaseException\n" +" ├── BaseExceptionGroup\n" +" ├── GeneratorExit\n" +" ├── KeyboardInterrupt\n" +" ├── SystemExit\n" +" └── Exception\n" +" ├── ArithmeticError\n" +" │ ├── FloatingPointError\n" +" │ ├── OverflowError\n" +" │ └── ZeroDivisionError\n" +" ├── AssertionError\n" +" ├── AttributeError\n" +" ├── BufferError\n" +" ├── EOFError\n" +" ├── ExceptionGroup [BaseExceptionGroup]\n" +" ├── ImportError\n" +" │ └── ModuleNotFoundError\n" +" ├── LookupError\n" +" │ ├── IndexError\n" +" │ └── KeyError\n" +" ├── MemoryError\n" +" ├── NameError\n" +" │ └── UnboundLocalError\n" +" ├── OSError\n" +" │ ├── BlockingIOError\n" +" │ ├── ChildProcessError\n" +" │ ├── ConnectionError\n" +" │ │ ├── BrokenPipeError\n" +" │ │ ├── ConnectionAbortedError\n" +" │ │ ├── ConnectionRefusedError\n" +" │ │ └── ConnectionResetError\n" +" │ ├── FileExistsError\n" +" │ ├── FileNotFoundError\n" +" │ ├── InterruptedError\n" +" │ ├── IsADirectoryError\n" +" │ ├── NotADirectoryError\n" +" │ ├── PermissionError\n" +" │ ├── ProcessLookupError\n" +" │ └── TimeoutError\n" +" ├── ReferenceError\n" +" ├── RuntimeError\n" +" │ ├── NotImplementedError\n" +" │ ├── PythonFinalizationError\n" +" │ └── RecursionError\n" +" ├── StopAsyncIteration\n" +" ├── StopIteration\n" +" ├── SyntaxError\n" +" │ └── IndentationError\n" +" │ └── TabError\n" +" ├── SystemError\n" +" ├── TypeError\n" +" ├── ValueError\n" +" │ └── UnicodeError\n" +" │ ├── UnicodeDecodeError\n" +" │ ├── UnicodeEncodeError\n" +" │ └── UnicodeTranslateError\n" +" └── Warning\n" +" ├── BytesWarning\n" +" ├── DeprecationWarning\n" +" ├── EncodingWarning\n" +" ├── FutureWarning\n" +" ├── ImportWarning\n" +" ├── PendingDeprecationWarning\n" +" ├── ResourceWarning\n" +" ├── RuntimeWarning\n" +" ├── SyntaxWarning\n" +" ├── UnicodeWarning\n" +" └── UserWarning\n" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:6 ../../library/exceptions.rst:17 +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:196 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:6 +msgid "try" +msgstr "try" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:6 +msgid "except" +msgstr "except" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:17 +msgid "raise" +msgstr "raise" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:41 +msgid "exception" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:41 +msgid "chaining" +msgstr "chaining" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:41 +msgid "__cause__ (exception attribute)" +msgstr "__cause__ (异常属性)" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:41 +msgid "__context__ (exception attribute)" +msgstr "__context__ (异常属性)" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:41 +msgid "__suppress_context__ (exception attribute)" +msgstr "__suppress_context__ (异常属性)" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:196 +msgid "assert" +msgstr "assert" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:347 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/exceptions.rst:347 +msgid "errno" +msgstr "errno" diff --git a/library/faulthandler.po b/library/faulthandler.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82ad6d3a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/faulthandler.po @@ -0,0 +1,320 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:05+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!faulthandler` --- Dump the Python traceback" +msgstr ":mod:`!faulthandler` --- 转储 Python 回溯信息" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module contains functions to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a " +"fault, after a timeout, or on a user signal. Call " +":func:`faulthandler.enable` to install fault handlers for the " +":const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`, :const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, :const:`~signal.SIGABRT`," +" :const:`~signal.SIGBUS`, and :const:`~signal.SIGILL` signals. You can also " +"enable them at startup by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` " +"environment variable or by using the :option:`-X` ``faulthandler`` command " +"line option." +msgstr "" +"本模块包含当发生故障、超时或收到用户信号时可转储 Python 回溯信息的函数。 调用 :func:`faulthandler.enable` " +"可安装针对 :const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`, :const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, " +":const:`~signal.SIGABRT`, :const:`~signal.SIGBUS` 和 :const:`~signal.SIGILL` " +"信号的故障处理器。 你还可以在启动时通过设置 :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` 环境变量或使用 :option:`-X` " +"``faulthandler`` 命令行选项来启用它们。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The fault handler is compatible with system fault handlers like Apport or " +"the Windows fault handler. The module uses an alternative stack for signal " +"handlers if the :c:func:`!sigaltstack` function is available. This allows it" +" to dump the traceback even on a stack overflow." +msgstr "" +"故障处理器可兼容系统故障处理器如 Apport 或 Windows 故障处理器。 本模块会在 :c:func:`!sigaltstack` " +"函数可用时为信号处理器使用备用栈。 这允许它即使在栈溢出的情况下也能转储回溯信息。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The fault handler is called on catastrophic cases and therefore can only use" +" signal-safe functions (e.g. it cannot allocate memory on the heap). Because" +" of this limitation traceback dumping is minimal compared to normal Python " +"tracebacks:" +msgstr "" +"故障处理程序将在灾难性场合调用，因此只能使用信号安全的函数（比如不能在堆上分配内存）。由于这一限制，与正常的 Python 跟踪相比，转储量是最小的。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Only ASCII is supported. The ``backslashreplace`` error handler is used on " +"encoding." +msgstr "只支持 ASCII 码。编码时会用到 ``backslashreplace`` 错误处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:31 +msgid "Each string is limited to 500 characters." +msgstr "每个字符串限制在 500 个字符以内。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Only the filename, the function name and the line number are displayed. (no " +"source code)" +msgstr "只会显式文件名、函数名和行号。（不显示源代码）" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:34 +msgid "It is limited to 100 frames and 100 threads." +msgstr "上限是 100 页内存帧和 100 个线程。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:35 +msgid "The order is reversed: the most recent call is shown first." +msgstr "反序排列：最近的调用最先显示。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:37 +msgid "" +"By default, the Python traceback is written to :data:`sys.stderr`. To see " +"tracebacks, applications must be run in the terminal. A log file can " +"alternatively be passed to :func:`faulthandler.enable`." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，Python 的跟踪信息会写入 :data:`sys.stderr`。为了能看到跟踪信息，应用程序必须运行于终端中。日志文件也可以传给 " +":func:`faulthandler.enable`。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:41 +msgid "" +"The module is implemented in C, so tracebacks can be dumped on a crash or " +"when Python is deadlocked." +msgstr "本模块是用 C 语言实现的，所以才能在崩溃或 Python 死锁时转储跟踪信息。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`Python Development Mode ` calls " +":func:`faulthandler.enable` at Python startup." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 启动时， :ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 会调用 :func:`faulthandler.enable`。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:49 +msgid "Module :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`pdb`" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:50 +msgid "Interactive source code debugger for Python programs." +msgstr "用于 Python 程序的交互式源代码调试器。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:52 +msgid "Module :mod:`traceback`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`traceback`" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Standard interface to extract, format and print stack traces of Python " +"programs." +msgstr "提取、格式化和打印 Python 程序的栈回溯信息的标准接口。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:56 +msgid "Dumping the traceback" +msgstr "转储跟踪信息" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Dump the tracebacks of all threads into *file*. If *all_threads* is " +"``False``, dump only the current thread." +msgstr "将所有线程的跟踪数据转储到 *file* 中。如果 *all_threads* 为 ``False``，则只转储当前线程。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:63 +msgid "" +":func:`traceback.print_tb`, which can be used to print a traceback object." +msgstr ":func:`traceback.print_tb`，可被用于打印回溯对象。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:65 ../../library/faulthandler.rst:84 +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:123 ../../library/faulthandler.rst:148 +msgid "Added support for passing file descriptor to this function." +msgstr "增加了向本函数传入文件描述符的支持。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:70 +msgid "Fault handler state" +msgstr "故障处理程序的状态" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Enable the fault handler: install handlers for the :const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`," +" :const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, :const:`~signal.SIGABRT`, :const:`~signal.SIGBUS` " +"and :const:`~signal.SIGILL` signals to dump the Python traceback. If " +"*all_threads* is ``True``, produce tracebacks for every running thread. " +"Otherwise, dump only the current thread." +msgstr "" +"启用默认的处理器：为 :const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`, :const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, " +":const:`~signal.SIGABRT`, :const:`~signal.SIGBUS` 和 :const:`~signal.SIGILL` " +"信号安装处理器来转储 Python 回溯信息。 如果 *all_threads* 为 ``True``，则会为每个运行中的线程产生回溯信息。 " +"在其他情况下，将只转储当前线程。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:81 +msgid "" +"The *file* must be kept open until the fault handler is disabled: see " +":ref:`issue with file descriptors `." +msgstr "*file* 必须保持打开状态，直至停用故障处理程序为止：参见 :ref:`文件描述符相关话题 `。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:87 +msgid "On Windows, a handler for Windows exception is also installed." +msgstr "在 Windows 系统中，同时会安装一个 Windows 异常处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:90 +msgid "" +"The dump now mentions if a garbage collector collection is running if " +"*all_threads* is true." +msgstr "现在如果 *all_threads* 为 True，则转储信息会包含垃圾收集器是否正在运行。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Disable the fault handler: uninstall the signal handlers installed by " +":func:`enable`." +msgstr "停用故障处理程序：卸载由 :func:`enable` 安装的信号处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:101 +msgid "Check if the fault handler is enabled." +msgstr "检查故障处理程序是否被启用。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:105 +msgid "Dumping the tracebacks after a timeout" +msgstr "一定时间后转储跟踪数据。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Dump the tracebacks of all threads, after a timeout of *timeout* seconds, or" +" every *timeout* seconds if *repeat* is ``True``. If *exit* is ``True``, " +"call :c:func:`!_exit` with status=1 after dumping the tracebacks. (Note " +":c:func:`!_exit` exits the process immediately, which means it doesn't do " +"any cleanup like flushing file buffers.) If the function is called twice, " +"the new call replaces previous parameters and resets the timeout. The timer " +"has a sub-second resolution." +msgstr "" +"在 *timeout* 秒超时后，转储所有线程的回溯信息，或者如果 *repeat* 为 ``True`` 则每隔 *timeout* 秒执行一次转储。" +" 如果 *exit* 为 ``True``，则在转储回溯信息后调用 :c:func:`!_exit` 并设置 status=1。 （请注意 " +":c:func:`!_exit` 会立即关闭进程，这意味着不会做任何清理工作，如刷新文件缓冲区等。） " +"如果函数被调用两次，则新的调用将替代之前的形参并重置超时。 计时器的精度为亚秒级。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The *file* must be kept open until the traceback is dumped or " +":func:`cancel_dump_traceback_later` is called: see :ref:`issue with file " +"descriptors `." +msgstr "" +"*file* 必须保持打开状态，直至跟踪信息转储完毕，或调用了 :func:`cancel_dump_traceback_later` ：参见 " +":ref:`文件描述符相关话题 `。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:121 +msgid "This function is implemented using a watchdog thread." +msgstr "本函数用一个看门狗线程实现。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:126 +msgid "This function is now always available." +msgstr "该函数现在总是可用。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:131 +msgid "Cancel the last call to :func:`dump_traceback_later`." +msgstr "取消 :func:`dump_traceback_later` 的最后一次调用。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:135 +msgid "Dumping the traceback on a user signal" +msgstr "转储用户信号的跟踪信息。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Register a user signal: install a handler for the *signum* signal to dump " +"the traceback of all threads, or of the current thread if *all_threads* is " +"``False``, into *file*. Call the previous handler if chain is ``True``." +msgstr "" +"注册一个用户信号：为 *signum* 信号安装一个处理程序，将所有线程或当前线程（*all_threads* 为 ``False`` " +"时）的跟踪信息转储到 *file* 中。如果 chain 为 ``True``，则调用上一层处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The *file* must be kept open until the signal is unregistered by " +":func:`unregister`: see :ref:`issue with file descriptors `." +msgstr "" +"*file* 必须保持打开状态，直至该信号被 :func:`unregister` 注销：参见 :ref:`文件描述符相关话题 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:146 ../../library/faulthandler.rst:157 +msgid "Not available on Windows." +msgstr "Windows 中不可用。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Unregister a user signal: uninstall the handler of the *signum* signal " +"installed by :func:`register`. Return ``True`` if the signal was registered," +" ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"注销一个用户信号：卸载由 :func:`register` 安装的 *signum* 信号处理程序。如果信号已注册，返回 ``True``，否则返回 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:163 +msgid "Issue with file descriptors" +msgstr "文件描述符相关话题" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:165 +msgid "" +":func:`enable`, :func:`dump_traceback_later` and :func:`register` keep the " +"file descriptor of their *file* argument. If the file is closed and its file" +" descriptor is reused by a new file, or if :func:`os.dup2` is used to " +"replace the file descriptor, the traceback will be written into a different " +"file. Call these functions again each time that the file is replaced." +msgstr "" +":func:`enable` 、 :func:`dump_traceback_later` 和 :func:`register` 保留其 *file* " +"参数给出的文件描述符。 如果文件关闭，文件描述符将被一个新文件重新使用；或者用 :func:`os.dup2` " +"替换了文件描述符，则跟踪信息将被写入另一个文件。 每次文件被替换时，都会再次调用这些函数。" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:173 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Example of a segmentation fault on Linux with and without enabling the fault" +" handler:" +msgstr "在 Linux 中启用和停用内存段故障的默认处理程序：" + +#: ../../library/faulthandler.rst:178 +msgid "" +"$ python -c \"import ctypes; ctypes.string_at(0)\"\n" +"Segmentation fault\n" +"\n" +"$ python -q -X faulthandler\n" +">>> import ctypes\n" +">>> ctypes.string_at(0)\n" +"Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault\n" +"\n" +"Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700 (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"/home/python/cpython/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py\", line 486 in string_at\n" +" File \"\", line 1 in \n" +"Segmentation fault" +msgstr "" +"$ python -c \"import ctypes; ctypes.string_at(0)\"\n" +"Segmentation fault\n" +"\n" +"$ python -q -X faulthandler\n" +">>> import ctypes\n" +">>> ctypes.string_at(0)\n" +"Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault\n" +"\n" +"Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700 (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"/home/python/cpython/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py\", line 486 in string_at\n" +" File \"\", line 1 in \n" +"Segmentation fault" diff --git a/library/fcntl.po b/library/fcntl.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00775e3a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/fcntl.po @@ -0,0 +1,466 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# allenjuly7 , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!fcntl` --- The ``fcntl`` and ``ioctl`` system calls" +msgstr ":mod:`!fcntl` --- ``fcntl`` 和 ``ioctl`` 系统调用" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module performs file and I/O control on file descriptors. It is an " +"interface to the :c:func:`fcntl` and :c:func:`ioctl` Unix routines. See the " +":manpage:`fcntl(2)` and :manpage:`ioctl(2)` Unix manual pages for full " +"details." +msgstr "" +"本模块基于文件描述符来执行文件和 I/O 控制。 它是 :c:func:`fcntl` 和 :c:func:`ioctl` Unix 例程的接口。 " +"请参阅 :manpage:`fcntl(2)` 和 :manpage:`ioctl(2)` Unix 手册页了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:21 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:23 +msgid "" +"All functions in this module take a file descriptor *fd* as their first " +"argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by " +"``sys.stdin.fileno()``, or an :class:`io.IOBase` object, such as " +"``sys.stdin`` itself, which provides a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` that " +"returns a genuine file descriptor." +msgstr "" +"本模块的所有函数都接受文件描述符 *fd* 作为第一个参数。可以是一个整数形式的文件描述符，比如 ``sys.stdin.fileno()`` " +"的返回结果，或为 :class:`io.IOBase` 对象，比如 ``sys.stdin`` 提供一个 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno`，可返回一个真正的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Operations in this module used to raise an :exc:`IOError` where they now " +"raise an :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "本模块的操作以前触发的是 :exc:`IOError`，现在则会触发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!fcntl` module now contains ``F_ADD_SEALS``, ``F_GET_SEALS``, and " +"``F_SEAL_*`` constants for sealing of :func:`os.memfd_create` file " +"descriptors." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!fcntl` 模块现在包含 ``F_ADD_SEALS``, ``F_GET_SEALS`` 和 ``F_SEAL_*`` 常量用于 " +":func:`os.memfd_create` 文件描述符的封包。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:38 +msgid "" +"On macOS, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_GETPATH`` constant, which" +" obtains the path of a file from a file descriptor. On Linux(>=3.15), the " +":mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_OFD_GETLK``, ``F_OFD_SETLK`` and " +"``F_OFD_SETLKW`` constants, which are used when working with open file " +"description locks." +msgstr "" +"在 macOS 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块暴露了 ``F_GETPATH`` 常量，它可从文件描述符获取文件的路径。 在 " +"Linux(>=3.15) 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块暴露了 ``F_OFD_GETLK``, ``F_OFD_SETLK`` 和 " +"``F_OFD_SETLKW`` 常量，它们将在处理打开文件描述锁时被使用。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:45 +msgid "" +"On Linux >= 2.6.11, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_GETPIPE_SZ`` " +"and ``F_SETPIPE_SZ`` constants, which allow to check and modify a pipe's " +"size respectively." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux >= 2.6.11 中，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块暴露了 ``F_GETPIPE_SZ`` 和 ``F_SETPIPE_SZ`` " +"常量，它们分别允许检查和修改管道的大小。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:50 +msgid "" +"On FreeBSD, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_DUP2FD`` and " +"``F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC`` constants, which allow to duplicate a file descriptor, " +"the latter setting ``FD_CLOEXEC`` flag in addition." +msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 ``F_DUP2FD`` 和 ``F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC`` " +"常量，它们允许复制文件描述符，后者还额外设置了 ``FD_CLOEXEC`` 旗标。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:55 +msgid "" +"On Linux >= 4.5, the :mod:`fcntl` module exposes the ``FICLONE`` and " +"``FICLONERANGE`` constants, which allow to share some data of one file with " +"another file by reflinking on some filesystems (e.g., btrfs, OCFS2, and " +"XFS). This behavior is commonly referred to as \"copy-on-write\"." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux >= 4.5 上，:mod:`fcntl` 模块将公开 ``FICLONE`` 和 ``FICLONERANGE`` " +"常量，这允许在某些系统上（例如 btrfs, OCFS2, 和 XFS）通过将一个文件引用链接到另一个文件来共享某些数据。 " +"此行为通常被称为“写入时拷贝”。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:61 +msgid "" +"On Linux >= 2.6.32, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_GETOWN_EX``, " +"``F_SETOWN_EX``, ``F_OWNER_TID``, ``F_OWNER_PID``, ``F_OWNER_PGRP`` " +"constants, which allow to direct I/O availability signals to a specific " +"thread, process, or process group. On Linux >= 4.13, the :mod:`!fcntl` " +"module exposes the ``F_GET_RW_HINT``, ``F_SET_RW_HINT``, " +"``F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT``, ``F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT``, and ``RWH_WRITE_LIFE_*`` " +"constants, which allow to inform the kernel about the relative expected " +"lifetime of writes on a given inode or via a particular open file " +"description. On Linux >= 5.1 and NetBSD, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes " +"the ``F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE`` constant for use with ``F_ADD_SEALS`` and " +"``F_GET_SEALS`` operations. On FreeBSD, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the" +" ``F_READAHEAD``, ``F_ISUNIONSTACK``, and ``F_KINFO`` constants. On macOS " +"and FreeBSD, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_RDAHEAD`` constant. On" +" NetBSD and AIX, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_CLOSEM`` constant." +" On NetBSD, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_MAXFD`` constant. On " +"macOS and NetBSD, the :mod:`!fcntl` module exposes the ``F_GETNOSIGPIPE`` " +"and ``F_SETNOSIGPIPE`` constant." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux >= 2.6.32 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 ``F_GETOWN_EX``, ``F_SETOWN_EX``, " +"``F_OWNER_TID``, ``F_OWNER_PID``, ``F_OWNER_PGRP`` 常量，它们允许针对特定线程、进程或进程组的直接 " +"I/O 可用性信号。 在 Linux >= 4.13 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 ``F_GET_RW_HINT``, " +"``F_SET_RW_HINT``, ``F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT``, ``F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT`` 和 " +"``RWH_WRITE_LIFE_*`` 常量，它们允许向内核通知有关在给定 inode 上或通过特定的打开文件描述符写入的相对预计生命期。 在 " +"Linux >= 5.1 和 NetBSD 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 ``F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE`` 常量供 " +"``F_ADD_SEALS`` 和 ``F_GET_SEALS`` 操作使用。 在 FreeBSD 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 " +"``F_READAHEAD``, ``F_ISUNIONSTACK`` 和 ``F_KINFO`` 常量。 在 macOS 和 FreeBSD " +"上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 ``F_RDAHEAD`` 常量。 在 NetBSD 和 AIX 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露" +" ``F_CLOSEM`` 常量。 在 NetBSD 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 ``F_MAXFD`` 常量。 在 macOS 和 " +"NetBSD 上，:mod:`!fcntl` 模块会暴露 ``F_GETNOSIGPIPE`` 和 ``F_SETNOSIGPIPE`` 常量。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:82 +msgid "The module defines the following functions:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Perform the operation *cmd* on file descriptor *fd* (file objects providing " +"a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method are accepted as well). The values used " +"for *cmd* are operating system dependent, and are available as constants in " +"the :mod:`fcntl` module, using the same names as used in the relevant C " +"header files. The argument *arg* can either be an integer value, a " +":class:`bytes` object, or a string. The type and size of *arg* must match " +"the type and size of the argument of the operation as specified in the " +"relevant C documentation." +msgstr "" +"在文件描述符 *fd* (也可以是提供 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法的文件对象) 上执行操作 *cmd*。 用作 *cmd*" +" 的值依赖于具体操作系统，并且会是 :mod:`fcntl` 模块中的常量，使用与相应 C 头文件中所使用的相同名称。 参数 *arg* " +"可以是一个整数值, :class:`bytes` 对象或字符串。 *arg* 的类型和大小必须与相应 C 文档所规定操作的参数的类型和大小相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:96 +msgid "" +"When *arg* is an integer, the function returns the integer return value of " +"the C :c:func:`fcntl` call." +msgstr "当 *arg* 是一个整数时，该函数将返回 C :c:func:`fcntl` 调用的整数返回值。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:99 +msgid "" +"When the argument is bytes, it represents a binary structure, for example, " +"created by :func:`struct.pack`. A string value is encoded to binary using " +"the UTF-8 encoding. The binary data is copied to a buffer whose address is " +"passed to the C :c:func:`fcntl` call. The return value after a successful " +"call is the contents of the buffer, converted to a :class:`bytes` object. " +"The length of the returned object will be the same as the length of the " +"*arg* argument. This is limited to 1024 bytes." +msgstr "" +"当参数是 bytes 对象时，它代表一个二进制数组结构，例如由 :func:`struct.pack` 所创建的数据。 字符串值将使用 UTF-8 " +"编码格式编码为二进制数据。 该二进制数据会被拷贝到一个缓冲区，其地址将被传给 C :c:func:`fcntl` 调用。 " +"成功调用后的返回值将是该缓冲区的内容所转换成的 :class:`bytes` 对象。 被返回对象的长度将与 *arg* 参数的长度相同。 对象长度上限为" +" 1024 字节。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:108 +msgid "If the :c:func:`fcntl` call fails, an :exc:`OSError` is raised." +msgstr "如果 :c:func:`fcntl` 调用失败，将引发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:111 +msgid "" +"If the type or the size of *arg* does not match the type or size of the " +"argument of the operation (for example, if an integer is passed when a " +"pointer is expected, or the information returned in the buffer by the " +"operating system is larger than 1024 bytes), this is most likely to result " +"in a segmentation violation or a more subtle data corruption." +msgstr "" +"如果 *arg* 的类型和大小与相应操作的类型和大小不匹配（例如，如果预期传入一个指针却传入了一个整数，或者操作系统返回的缓冲区中的信息大于 1024 " +"字节），这就很可能导致段错误或更微妙的数据损坏。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``fcntl.fcntl`` with arguments " +"``fd``, ``cmd``, ``arg``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``fcntl.fcntl`` 并附带参数 ``fd``, ``cmd``, ``arg``。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:123 +msgid "" +"This function is identical to the :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` function, except that" +" the argument handling is even more complicated." +msgstr "本函数与 :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` 函数相同，只是参数的处理更加复杂。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:126 +msgid "" +"The *request* parameter is limited to values that can fit in 32-bits or " +"64-bits, depending on the platform. Additional constants of interest for use" +" as the *request* argument can be found in the :mod:`termios` module, under " +"the same names as used in the relevant C header files." +msgstr "" +"*request* 形参被限制为能被放入 32 或 64 个比特位的值，具体取决于所在的平台。 在 :mod:`termios` " +"模块中还包含一些可被用作 *request* 参数的额外常量，其名称与相关 C 语言头文件中所使用的相同。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:132 +msgid "" +"The parameter *arg* can be an integer, a :term:`bytes-like object`, or a " +"string. The type and size of *arg* must match the type and size of the " +"argument of the operation as specified in the relevant C documentation." +msgstr "" +"形参 *arg* 可以是一个整数, :term:`bytes-like object` 或者字符串。 *arg* 的类型和大小必须与对应 C " +"文档中规定的参数的类型和大小相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:137 +msgid "" +"If *arg* does not support the read-write buffer interface or the " +"*mutate_flag* is false, behavior is as for the :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` " +"function." +msgstr "" +"如果 *arg* 不支持读写缓冲区接口或者 *mutate_flag* 为假值，则其行为与 :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` 函数一样。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:141 +msgid "" +"If *arg* supports the read-write buffer interface (like :class:`bytearray`) " +"and *mutate_flag* is true (the default), then the buffer is (in effect) " +"passed to the underlying :c:func:`!ioctl` system call, the latter's return " +"code is passed back to the calling Python, and the buffer's new contents " +"reflect the action of the :c:func:`ioctl`. This is a slight simplification," +" because if the supplied buffer is less than 1024 bytes long it is first " +"copied into a static buffer 1024 bytes long which is then passed to " +":func:`ioctl` and copied back into the supplied buffer." +msgstr "" +"如果 *arg* 支持读写缓冲区接口 (就像 :class:`bytearray`) 并且 *mutate_flag* " +"为（默认的）真值，那么缓冲区（实际上）会被传给下层的 :c:func:`!ioctl` 系统调用，后者的返回代码则会回传给调用方 Python " +"对象，而缓冲区的新内容将反映 :c:func:`ioctl` 的动作。 这里做了一点简化，因为如果给出的缓冲区长度小于 1024 " +"字节则它会先被拷贝到一个长度为 1024 字节的静态缓冲区然后再传给 :func:`ioctl` 并把结果拷贝回给出的缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:150 +msgid "" +"If the :c:func:`ioctl` call fails, an :exc:`OSError` exception is raised." +msgstr "如果 :c:func:`ioctl` 调用失败，将引发 :exc:`OSError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:153 +msgid "" +"If the type or size of *arg* does not match the type or size of the " +"operation's argument (for example, if an integer is passed when a pointer is" +" expected, or the information returned in the buffer by the operating system" +" is larger than 1024 bytes, or the size of the mutable bytes-like object is " +"too small), this is most likely to result in a segmentation violation or a " +"more subtle data corruption." +msgstr "" +"如果 *arg* 的类型和大小与对应操作的参数的类型和大小不相匹配（例如，如果预期传入一个指针却传入了一个整数，或者由操作系统返回的缓冲区中的信息大于 " +"1024 字节），这就很有可能导致段错误或更微妙的数据损坏。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:161 +msgid "An example::" +msgstr "举个例子：" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:163 +msgid "" +">>> import array, fcntl, struct, termios, os\n" +">>> os.getpgrp()\n" +"13341\n" +">>> struct.unpack('h', fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGPGRP, \" \"))[0]\n" +"13341\n" +">>> buf = array.array('h', [0])\n" +">>> fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGPGRP, buf, 1)\n" +"0\n" +">>> buf\n" +"array('h', [13341])" +msgstr "" +">>> import array, fcntl, struct, termios, os\n" +">>> os.getpgrp()\n" +"13341\n" +">>> struct.unpack('h', fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGPGRP, \" \"))[0]\n" +"13341\n" +">>> buf = array.array('h', [0])\n" +">>> fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGPGRP, buf, 1)\n" +"0\n" +">>> buf\n" +"array('h', [13341])" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``fcntl.ioctl`` with arguments " +"``fd``, ``request``, ``arg``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``fcntl.ioctl`` 并附带参数 ``fd``, ``request``, " +"``arg``。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Perform the lock operation *operation* on file descriptor *fd* (file objects" +" providing a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method are accepted as well). See the" +" Unix manual :manpage:`flock(2)` for details. (On some systems, this " +"function is emulated using :c:func:`fcntl`.)" +msgstr "" +"在文件描述符 *fd* 上执行加锁操作 *operation* (也接受能提供 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法的文件对象)。 " +"详见 Unix 手册 :manpage:`flock(2)`。 (在某些系统中，此函数是用 :c:func:`fcntl` 模拟出来的。)" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:184 +msgid "" +"If the :c:func:`flock` call fails, an :exc:`OSError` exception is raised." +msgstr "如果 :c:func:`flock` 调用失败，将引发 :exc:`OSError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``fcntl.flock`` with arguments " +"``fd``, ``operation``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``fcntl.flock`` 并附带参数 ``fd``, ``operation``。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:191 +msgid "" +"This is essentially a wrapper around the :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` locking calls." +" *fd* is the file descriptor (file objects providing a " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method are accepted as well) of the file to lock " +"or unlock, and *cmd* is one of the following values:" +msgstr "" +"本质上是对 :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` 加锁调用的封装。*fd* 是要加解锁的文件描述符（也接受能提供 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法的文件对象），*cmd* 是以下值之一：" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:198 +msgid "Release an existing lock." +msgstr "释放一个已存在的锁 。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:202 +msgid "Acquire a shared lock." +msgstr "获取一个共享的锁。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:206 +msgid "Acquire an exclusive lock." +msgstr "获得一个独占的锁。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Bitwise OR with any of the other three ``LOCK_*`` constants to make the " +"request non-blocking." +msgstr "与其他三个 ``LOCK_*`` 常量中的任何一个进行位或操作，使请求不阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:213 +msgid "" +"If :const:`!LOCK_NB` is used and the lock cannot be acquired, an " +":exc:`OSError` will be raised and the exception will have an *errno* " +"attribute set to :const:`~errno.EACCES` or :const:`~errno.EAGAIN` (depending" +" on the operating system; for portability, check for both values). On at " +"least some systems, :const:`!LOCK_EX` can only be used if the file " +"descriptor refers to a file opened for writing." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :const:`!LOCK_NB` ，但无法获取锁 ，则 :exc:`OSError` 将被引发 ，异常将被 *errno* 属性 设置为 " +":const:`~errno.EACCES` 或 :const:`~errno.EAGAIN` （取决于操作系统；为便于移植，请检查这两个值）。 " +"至少在某些系统中，只有当文件描述符指向一个已打开供写入的文件时，才能使用:const:`!LOCK_EX` 。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:220 +msgid "" +"*len* is the number of bytes to lock, *start* is the byte offset at which " +"the lock starts, relative to *whence*, and *whence* is as with " +":func:`io.IOBase.seek`, specifically:" +msgstr "" +"*len* 是要锁定的字节数，*start* 是自 *whence* 开始锁定的字节偏移量，*whence* 与 " +":func:`io.IOBase.seek` 的定义一样。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:224 +msgid "``0`` -- relative to the start of the file (:const:`os.SEEK_SET`)" +msgstr "``0`` -- 相对于文件开头 (:const:`os.SEEK_SET`)" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:225 +msgid "" +"``1`` -- relative to the current buffer position (:const:`os.SEEK_CUR`)" +msgstr "``1`` -- 相对于当前缓冲区位置 (:const:`os.SEEK_CUR`)" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:226 +msgid "``2`` -- relative to the end of the file (:const:`os.SEEK_END`)" +msgstr "``2`` -- 相对于文件末尾 (:const:`os.SEEK_END`)" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:228 +msgid "" +"The default for *start* is 0, which means to start at the beginning of the " +"file. The default for *len* is 0 which means to lock to the end of the file." +" The default for *whence* is also 0." +msgstr "" +"*start* 的默认值为 0，表示从文件起始位置开始。*len* 的默认值是 0，表示加锁至文件末尾。 *whence* 的默认值也是 0。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``fcntl.lockf`` with arguments " +"``fd``, ``cmd``, ``len``, ``start``, ``whence``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``fcntl.lockf`` 并附带参数 ``fd``, ``cmd``, ``len``, " +"``start``, ``whence``。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:234 +msgid "Examples (all on a SVR4 compliant system)::" +msgstr "示例（都是运行于符合 SVR4 的系统）：" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:236 +msgid "" +"import struct, fcntl, os\n" +"\n" +"f = open(...)\n" +"rv = fcntl.fcntl(f, fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NDELAY)\n" +"\n" +"lockdata = struct.pack('hhllhh', fcntl.F_WRLCK, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)\n" +"rv = fcntl.fcntl(f, fcntl.F_SETLKW, lockdata)" +msgstr "" +"import struct, fcntl, os\n" +"\n" +"f = open(...)\n" +"rv = fcntl.fcntl(f, fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NDELAY)\n" +"\n" +"lockdata = struct.pack('hhllhh', fcntl.F_WRLCK, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)\n" +"rv = fcntl.fcntl(f, fcntl.F_SETLKW, lockdata)" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Note that in the first example the return value variable *rv* will hold an " +"integer value; in the second example it will hold a :class:`bytes` object. " +"The structure lay-out for the *lockdata* variable is system dependent --- " +"therefore using the :func:`flock` call may be better." +msgstr "" +"注意，在第一个例子中，返回值变量 *rv* 将存有整数；在第二个例子中，该变量中将存有一个 :class:`bytes` 对象。*lockdata* " +"变量的结构布局视系统而定——因此采用 :func:`flock` 调用可能会更好。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:252 +msgid "Module :mod:`os`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`os`" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:253 +msgid "" +"If the locking flags :const:`~os.O_SHLOCK` and :const:`~os.O_EXLOCK` are " +"present in the :mod:`os` module (on BSD only), the :func:`os.open` function " +"provides an alternative to the :func:`lockf` and :func:`flock` functions." +msgstr "" +"如果加锁旗标 :const:`~os.O_SHLOCK` 和 :const:`~os.O_EXLOCK` 存在于 :mod:`os` 模块中（仅 BSD" +" 专属），则 :func:`os.open` 函数提供了对 :func:`lockf` 和 :func:`flock` 函数的替代。" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:10 +msgid "UNIX" +msgstr "UNIX" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:10 +msgid "file control" +msgstr "文件控制" + +#: ../../library/fcntl.rst:10 +msgid "I/O control" +msgstr "I/O 控制" diff --git a/library/filecmp.po b/library/filecmp.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1c8b51dc --- /dev/null +++ b/library/filecmp.po @@ -0,0 +1,292 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 胡谷歌 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!filecmp` --- File and Directory Comparisons" +msgstr ":mod:`!filecmp` --- 文件和目录比较" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/filecmp.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/filecmp.py`" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`filecmp` module defines functions to compare files and " +"directories, with various optional time/correctness trade-offs. For " +"comparing files, see also the :mod:`difflib` module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`filecmp` 模块定义了用于比较文件及目录的函数，并且可以选取多种关于时间和准确性的折衷方案。对于文件的比较，另见 " +":mod:`difflib` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:17 +msgid "The :mod:`filecmp` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`filecmp` 模块定义了如下函数：" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Compare the files named *f1* and *f2*, returning ``True`` if they seem " +"equal, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "比较名为 *f1* 和 *f2* 的文件，如果它们似乎相等则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:25 +msgid "" +"If *shallow* is true and the :func:`os.stat` signatures (file type, size, " +"and modification time) of both files are identical, the files are taken to " +"be equal." +msgstr "" +"如果 *shallow* 为真值且两个文件的 :func:`os.stat` 签名信息（文件类型、大小和修改时间）一致，则文件会被视为相同。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, the files are treated as different if their sizes or contents " +"differ." +msgstr "在其他情况下，如果文件大小或内容不同则它们会被视为不同。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Note that no external programs are called from this function, giving it " +"portability and efficiency." +msgstr "需要注意，没有外部程序被该函数调用，这赋予了该函数可移植性与效率。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:34 +msgid "" +"This function uses a cache for past comparisons and the results, with cache " +"entries invalidated if the :func:`os.stat` information for the file changes." +" The entire cache may be cleared using :func:`clear_cache`." +msgstr "" +"该函数会缓存过去的比较及其结果，且在文件的 :func:`os.stat` 信息变化后缓存条目失效。所有的缓存可以通过使用 " +":func:`clear_cache` 来清除。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Compare the files in the two directories *dir1* and *dir2* whose names are " +"given by *common*." +msgstr "比较在两个目录 *dir1* 和 *dir2* 中，由 *common* 所确定名称的文件。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Returns three lists of file names: *match*, *mismatch*, *errors*. *match* " +"contains the list of files that match, *mismatch* contains the names of " +"those that don't, and *errors* lists the names of files which could not be " +"compared. Files are listed in *errors* if they don't exist in one of the " +"directories, the user lacks permission to read them or if the comparison " +"could not be done for some other reason." +msgstr "" +"返回三组文件名列表： *match*, *mismatch*, *errors* 。 *match* 含有相匹配的文件， *mismatch* " +"含有那些不匹配的，然后 *errors* " +"列出那些未被比较文件的名称。如果文件不存在于两目录中的任一个，或者用户缺少读取它们的权限，又或者因为其他的一些原因而无法比较，那么这些文件将会被列在 " +"*errors* 中。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The *shallow* parameter has the same meaning and default value as for " +":func:`filecmp.cmp`." +msgstr "参数 *shallow* 具有同 :func:`filecmp.cmp` 一致的含义与默认值。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:54 +msgid "" +"For example, ``cmpfiles('a', 'b', ['c', 'd/e'])`` will compare ``a/c`` with " +"``b/c`` and ``a/d/e`` with ``b/d/e``. ``'c'`` and ``'d/e'`` will each be in" +" one of the three returned lists." +msgstr "" +"例如， ``cmpfiles('a', 'b', ['c', 'd/e'])`` 将会比较 ``a/c`` 与 ``b/c`` 以及 ``a/d/e``" +" 与 ``b/d/e`` 。 ``'c'`` 和 ``'d/e'`` 将会各自出现在返回的三个列表里的某一个列表中。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Clear the filecmp cache. This may be useful if a file is compared so quickly" +" after it is modified that it is within the mtime resolution of the " +"underlying filesystem." +msgstr "清除 filecmp 缓存。如果一个文件过快地修改，以至于超过底层文件系统记录修改时间的精度，那么该函数可能有助于比较该类文件。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:71 +msgid "The :class:`dircmp` class" +msgstr ":class:`dircmp` 类" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Construct a new directory comparison object, to compare the directories *a* " +"and *b*. *ignore* is a list of names to ignore, and defaults to " +":const:`filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES`. *hide* is a list of names to hide, and " +"defaults to ``[os.curdir, os.pardir]``." +msgstr "" +"构造一个新的目录比较对象，用来比较目录 *a* 和 *b*。 *ignore* 是要忽略的名称列表，且默认为 " +":const:`filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES`。 *hide* 是要隐藏的名称列表，且默认为 ``[os.curdir, " +"os.pardir]``。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:80 +msgid "" +"The :class:`dircmp` class compares files by doing *shallow* comparisons as " +"described for :func:`filecmp.cmp` by default using the *shallow* parameter." +msgstr "" +":class:`dircmp` 类如 :func:`filecmp.cmp` 所描述的那样默认使用 *shallow* 形参通过执行 *shallow*" +" 比较来比较文件。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:86 +msgid "Added the *shallow* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *shallow* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:88 +msgid "The :class:`dircmp` class provides the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`dircmp` 类提供以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:92 +msgid "Print (to :data:`sys.stdout`) a comparison between *a* and *b*." +msgstr "将 *a* 与 *b* 之间的比较结果打印（到 :data:`sys.stdout` ）。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Print a comparison between *a* and *b* and common immediate subdirectories." +msgstr "打印 *a* 与 *b* 及共同直接子目录的比较结果。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Print a comparison between *a* and *b* and common subdirectories " +"(recursively)." +msgstr "打印 *a* 与 *b* 及共同子目录比较结果（递归地）。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:104 +msgid "" +"The :class:`dircmp` class offers a number of interesting attributes that may" +" be used to get various bits of information about the directory trees being " +"compared." +msgstr ":class:`dircmp` 类提供了一些有趣的属性，用以得到关于参与比较的目录树的各种信息。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Note that via :meth:`~object.__getattr__` hooks, all attributes are computed" +" lazily, so there is no speed penalty if only those attributes which are " +"lightweight to compute are used." +msgstr "" +"请注意通过 :meth:`~object.__getattr__` " +"钩子，所有的属性都将被惰性求值，因此如果只需使用那些计算简便的属性就不会有速度上的损失。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:115 +msgid "The directory *a*." +msgstr "目录 *a* 。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:120 +msgid "The directory *b*." +msgstr "目录 *b* 。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:125 +msgid "Files and subdirectories in *a*, filtered by *hide* and *ignore*." +msgstr "经 *hide* 和 *ignore* 过滤，目录 *a* 中的文件与子目录。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:130 +msgid "Files and subdirectories in *b*, filtered by *hide* and *ignore*." +msgstr "经 *hide* 和 *ignore* 过滤，目录 *b* 中的文件与子目录。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:135 +msgid "Files and subdirectories in both *a* and *b*." +msgstr "同时存在于目录 *a* 和 *b* 中的文件和子目录。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:140 +msgid "Files and subdirectories only in *a*." +msgstr "仅在目录 *a* 中的文件和子目录。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:145 +msgid "Files and subdirectories only in *b*." +msgstr "仅在目录 *b* 中的文件和子目录。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:150 +msgid "Subdirectories in both *a* and *b*." +msgstr "同时存在于目录 *a* 和 *b* 中的子目录。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:155 +msgid "Files in both *a* and *b*." +msgstr "同时存在于目录 *a* 和 *b* 中的文件。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Names in both *a* and *b*, such that the type differs between the " +"directories, or names for which :func:`os.stat` reports an error." +msgstr "在目录 *a* 和 *b* 中类型不同的名字，或者那些 :func:`os.stat` 报告错误的名字。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Files which are identical in both *a* and *b*, using the class's file " +"comparison operator." +msgstr "在目录 *a* 和 *b* 中，使用类的文件比较操作符判定相等的文件。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Files which are in both *a* and *b*, whose contents differ according to the " +"class's file comparison operator." +msgstr "在目录 *a* 和 *b* 中，根据类的文件比较操作符判定内容不等的文件。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:178 +msgid "Files which are in both *a* and *b*, but could not be compared." +msgstr "在目录 *a* 和 *b* 中无法比较的文件。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:183 +msgid "" +"A dictionary mapping names in :attr:`common_dirs` to :class:`dircmp` " +"instances (or MyDirCmp instances if this instance is of type MyDirCmp, a " +"subclass of :class:`dircmp`)." +msgstr "" +"一个将 :attr:`common_dirs` 中的名称映射到 :class:`dircmp` 实例（或者 MyDirCmp 实例，如果该实例类型为 " +":class:`dircmp` 的子类 MyDirCmp 的话）的字典。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Previously entries were always :class:`dircmp` instances. Now entries are " +"the same type as *self*, if *self* is a subclass of :class:`dircmp`." +msgstr "" +"在之前版本中字典条目总是为 :class:`dircmp` 实例。 现在条目将与 *self* 的类型相同，如果 *self* 为 " +":class:`dircmp` 的子类的话。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:196 +msgid "List of directories ignored by :class:`dircmp` by default." +msgstr "默认被 :class:`dircmp` 忽略的目录列表。" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Here is a simplified example of using the ``subdirs`` attribute to search " +"recursively through two directories to show common different files::" +msgstr "下面是一个简单的例子，使用 ``subdirs`` 属性递归搜索两个目录以显示公共差异文件：" + +#: ../../library/filecmp.rst:202 +msgid "" +">>> from filecmp import dircmp\n" +">>> def print_diff_files(dcmp):\n" +"... for name in dcmp.diff_files:\n" +"... print(\"diff_file %s found in %s and %s\" % (name, dcmp.left,\n" +"... dcmp.right))\n" +"... for sub_dcmp in dcmp.subdirs.values():\n" +"... print_diff_files(sub_dcmp)\n" +"...\n" +">>> dcmp = dircmp('dir1', 'dir2')\n" +">>> print_diff_files(dcmp)" +msgstr "" +">>> from filecmp import dircmp\n" +">>> def print_diff_files(dcmp):\n" +"... for name in dcmp.diff_files:\n" +"... print(\"diff_file %s found in %s and %s\" % (name, dcmp.left,\n" +"... dcmp.right))\n" +"... for sub_dcmp in dcmp.subdirs.values():\n" +"... print_diff_files(sub_dcmp)\n" +"...\n" +">>> dcmp = dircmp('dir1', 'dir2')\n" +">>> print_diff_files(dcmp)" diff --git a/library/fileformats.po b/library/fileformats.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df32005a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/fileformats.po @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/fileformats.rst:5 +msgid "File Formats" +msgstr "文件格式" + +#: ../../library/fileformats.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter parse various miscellaneous file " +"formats that aren't markup languages and are not related to e-mail." +msgstr "本章中描述的模块解析各种不是标记语言且与电子邮件无关的杂项文件格式。" diff --git a/library/fileinput.po b/library/fileinput.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c14991f6d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/fileinput.po @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 安龙, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!fileinput` --- Iterate over lines from multiple input streams" +msgstr ":mod:`!fileinput` --- 迭代来自多个输入流的行" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/fileinput.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/fileinput.py`" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This module implements a helper class and functions to quickly write a loop " +"over standard input or a list of files. If you just want to read or write " +"one file see :func:`open`." +msgstr "此模块实现了一个辅助类和一些函数用来快速编写访问标准输入或文件列表的循环。 如果你只想要读写一个文件请参阅 :func:`open`。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:18 +msgid "The typical use is::" +msgstr "典型用法为::" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:20 +msgid "" +"import fileinput\n" +"for line in fileinput.input(encoding=\"utf-8\"):\n" +" process(line)" +msgstr "" +"import fileinput\n" +"for line in fileinput.input(encoding=\"utf-8\"):\n" +" process(line)" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This iterates over the lines of all files listed in ``sys.argv[1:]``, " +"defaulting to ``sys.stdin`` if the list is empty. If a filename is ``'-'``," +" it is also replaced by ``sys.stdin`` and the optional arguments *mode* and " +"*openhook* are ignored. To specify an alternative list of filenames, pass " +"it as the first argument to :func:`.input`. A single file name is also " +"allowed." +msgstr "" +"此程序会迭代 ``sys.argv[1:]`` 中列出的所有文件内的行，如果列表为空则会使用 ``sys.stdin``。 如果有一个文件名为 " +"``'-'``，它也会被替换为 ``sys.stdin`` 并且可选参数 *mode* 和 *openhook* 会被忽略。 " +"要指定替代文件列表，请将其作为第一个参数传给 :func:`.input`。 也允许使用单个文件。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:30 +msgid "" +"All files are opened in text mode by default, but you can override this by " +"specifying the *mode* parameter in the call to :func:`.input` or " +":class:`FileInput`. If an I/O error occurs during opening or reading a " +"file, :exc:`OSError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"所有文件都默认以文本模式打开，但你可以通过在调用 :func:`.input` 或 :class:`FileInput` 时指定 *mode* " +"形参来覆盖此行为。 如果在打开或读取文件时发生了 I/O 错误，将会引发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:35 +msgid "" +":exc:`IOError` used to be raised; it is now an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "原来会引发 :exc:`IOError`；现在它是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:38 +msgid "" +"If ``sys.stdin`` is used more than once, the second and further use will " +"return no lines, except perhaps for interactive use, or if it has been " +"explicitly reset (e.g. using ``sys.stdin.seek(0)``)." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``sys.stdin`` 被使用超过一次，则第二次之后的使用将不返回任何行，除非是被交互式的使用，或都是被显式地重置 (例如使用 " +"``sys.stdin.seek(0)``)。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Empty files are opened and immediately closed; the only time their presence " +"in the list of filenames is noticeable at all is when the last file opened " +"is empty." +msgstr "空文件打开后将立即被关闭；它们在文件列表中会被注意到的唯一情况只有当最后打开的文件为空的时候。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Lines are returned with any newlines intact, which means that the last line " +"in a file may not have one." +msgstr "反回的行不会对换行符做任何处理，这意味着文件中的最后一行可能不带换行符。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:49 +msgid "" +"You can control how files are opened by providing an opening hook via the " +"*openhook* parameter to :func:`fileinput.input` or :func:`FileInput`. The " +"hook must be a function that takes two arguments, *filename* and *mode*, and" +" returns an accordingly opened file-like object. If *encoding* and/or " +"*errors* are specified, they will be passed to the hook as additional " +"keyword arguments. This module provides a :func:`hook_compressed` to support" +" compressed files." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过将 *openhook* 形参传给 :func:`fileinput.input` 或 :func:`FileInput` " +"来提供一个打开钩子以控制文件的打开方式。 此钩子必须为一个函数，它接受两个参数，*filename* 和 " +"*mode*，并返回一个以相应模式打开的文件型对象。 如果指定了 *encoding* 和/或 " +"*errors*，它们将作为额外的关键字参数被传给这个钩子。 此模块提供了一个 :func:`hook_compressed` 来支持压缩文件。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:56 +msgid "The following function is the primary interface of this module:" +msgstr "以下函数是此模块的初始接口：" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Create an instance of the :class:`FileInput` class. The instance will be " +"used as global state for the functions of this module, and is also returned " +"to use during iteration. The parameters to this function will be passed " +"along to the constructor of the :class:`FileInput` class." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 :class:`FileInput` 类的实例。 该实例将被用作此模块中函数的全局状态，并且还将在迭代期间被返回使用。 " +"此函数的形参将被继续传递给 :class:`FileInput` 类的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:66 +msgid "" +"The :class:`FileInput` instance can be used as a context manager in the " +":keyword:`with` statement. In this example, *input* is closed after the " +":keyword:`!with` statement is exited, even if an exception occurs::" +msgstr "" +":class:`FileInput` 实例可以在 :keyword:`with` 语句中被用作上下文管理器。 在这个例子中，*input* 在 " +":keyword:`!with` 语句结束后将会被关闭，即使发生了异常也是如此::" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:70 +msgid "" +"with fileinput.input(files=('spam.txt', 'eggs.txt'), encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" process(line)" +msgstr "" +"with fileinput.input(files=('spam.txt', 'eggs.txt'), encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" process(line)" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:74 ../../library/fileinput.rst:170 +msgid "Can be used as a context manager." +msgstr "可以被用作上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:77 +msgid "The keyword parameters *mode* and *openhook* are now keyword-only." +msgstr "关键字形参 *mode* 和 *openhook* 现在是仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:80 ../../library/fileinput.rst:176 +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:210 +msgid "The keyword-only parameter *encoding* and *errors* are added." +msgstr "增加了仅限关键字形参 *encoding* 和 *errors*。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:84 +msgid "" +"The following functions use the global state created by " +":func:`fileinput.input`; if there is no active state, :exc:`RuntimeError` is" +" raised." +msgstr "" +"下列函数会使用 :func:`fileinput.input` 所创建的全局状态；如果没有活动的状态，则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Return the name of the file currently being read. Before the first line has" +" been read, returns ``None``." +msgstr "返回当前被读取的文件名。 在第一行被读取之前，返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Return the integer \"file descriptor\" for the current file. When no file is" +" opened (before the first line and between files), returns ``-1``." +msgstr "返回以整数表示的当前文件“文件描述符”。 当未打开文件时（处在第一行和文件之间），返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Return the cumulative line number of the line that has just been read. " +"Before the first line has been read, returns ``0``. After the last line of " +"the last file has been read, returns the line number of that line." +msgstr "返回已被读取的累计行号。 在第一行被读取之前，返回 ``0``。 在最后一个文件的最后一行被读取之后，返回该行的行号。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Return the line number in the current file. Before the first line has been " +"read, returns ``0``. After the last line of the last file has been read, " +"returns the line number of that line within the file." +msgstr "返回当前文件中的行号。 在第一行被读取之前，返回 ``0``。 在最后一个文件的最后一行被读取之后，返回此文件中该行的行号。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the line just read is the first line of its file, " +"otherwise return ``False``." +msgstr "如果刚读取的行是其所在文件的第一行则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the last line was read from ``sys.stdin``, otherwise " +"return ``False``." +msgstr "如果最后读取的行来自 ``sys.stdin`` 则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Close the current file so that the next iteration will read the first line " +"from the next file (if any); lines not read from the file will not count " +"towards the cumulative line count. The filename is not changed until after " +"the first line of the next file has been read. Before the first line has " +"been read, this function has no effect; it cannot be used to skip the first " +"file. After the last line of the last file has been read, this function has" +" no effect." +msgstr "" +"关闭当前文件以使下次迭代将从下一个文件（如果存在）读取第一行；不是从该文件读取的行将不会被计入累计行数。 " +"直到下一个文件的第一行被读取之后文件名才会改变。 在第一行被读取之前，此函数将不会生效；它不能被用来跳过第一个文件。 " +"在最后一个文件的最后一行被读取之后，此函数将不再生效。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:138 +msgid "Close the sequence." +msgstr "关闭序列。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The class which implements the sequence behavior provided by the module is " +"available for subclassing as well:" +msgstr "此模块所提供的实现了序列行为的类同样也可用于子类化：" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Class :class:`FileInput` is the implementation; its methods " +":meth:`filename`, :meth:`fileno`, :meth:`lineno`, :meth:`filelineno`, " +":meth:`isfirstline`, :meth:`isstdin`, :meth:`nextfile` and :meth:`close` " +"correspond to the functions of the same name in the module. In addition it " +"is :term:`iterable` and has a :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` method which " +"returns the next input line. The sequence must be accessed in strictly " +"sequential order; random access and :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` cannot " +"be mixed." +msgstr "" +"类 :class:`FileInput` 是具体的实现；它的方法 :meth:`filename`, :meth:`fileno`, " +":meth:`lineno`, :meth:`filelineno`, :meth:`isfirstline`, :meth:`isstdin`, " +":meth:`nextfile` 和 :meth:`close` 对应于此模块具有相同名称的函数。 此外它还是一个 :term:`iterable` " +"并且具有可返回下一个输入行的 :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` 方法。 此序列必须以严格的序列顺序来访问；随机访问和 " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` 不可被混用。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:154 +msgid "" +"With *mode* you can specify which file mode will be passed to :func:`open`. " +"It must be one of ``'r'`` and ``'rb'``." +msgstr "通过 *mode* 你可以指定要传给 :func:`open` 的文件模式。 它必须为 ``'r'`` 和 ``'rb'`` 中的一个。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:157 +msgid "" +"The *openhook*, when given, must be a function that takes two arguments, " +"*filename* and *mode*, and returns an accordingly opened file-like object. " +"You cannot use *inplace* and *openhook* together." +msgstr "" +"*openhook* 如果给出则必须为一个函数，它接受两个参数 *filename* 和 *mode*，并相应地返回一个打开的文件型对象。 " +"你不能同时使用 *inplace* 和 *openhook*。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:161 +msgid "" +"You can specify *encoding* and *errors* that is passed to :func:`open` or " +"*openhook*." +msgstr "你可以指定 *encoding* 和 *errors* 来将其传给 :func:`open` 或 *openhook*。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:163 +msgid "" +"A :class:`FileInput` instance can be used as a context manager in the " +":keyword:`with` statement. In this example, *input* is closed after the " +":keyword:`!with` statement is exited, even if an exception occurs::" +msgstr "" +":class:`FileInput` 实例可以在 :keyword:`with` 语句中被用作上下文管理器。 在这个例子中，*input* 在 " +":keyword:`!with` 语句结束后将会被关闭，即使发生了异常也是如此::" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:167 +msgid "" +"with FileInput(files=('spam.txt', 'eggs.txt')) as input:\n" +" process(input)" +msgstr "" +"with FileInput(files=('spam.txt', 'eggs.txt')) as input:\n" +" process(input)" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:173 +msgid "The keyword parameter *mode* and *openhook* are now keyword-only." +msgstr "关键字形参 *mode* 和 *openhook* 现在是仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:179 +msgid "" +"The ``'rU'`` and ``'U'`` modes and the :meth:`!__getitem__` method have been" +" removed." +msgstr "``'rU'`` 和 ``'U'`` 模式以及 :meth:`!__getitem__` 方法已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:184 +msgid "" +"**Optional in-place filtering:** if the keyword argument ``inplace=True`` is" +" passed to :func:`fileinput.input` or to the :class:`FileInput` constructor," +" the file is moved to a backup file and standard output is directed to the " +"input file (if a file of the same name as the backup file already exists, it" +" will be replaced silently). This makes it possible to write a filter that " +"rewrites its input file in place. If the *backup* parameter is given " +"(typically as ``backup='.'``), it specifies the extension " +"for the backup file, and the backup file remains around; by default, the " +"extension is ``'.bak'`` and it is deleted when the output file is closed. " +"In-place filtering is disabled when standard input is read." +msgstr "" +"**可选的原地过滤:** 如果传递了关键字参数 ``inplace=True`` 给 :func:`fileinput.input` 或 " +":class:`FileInput` 构造器，则文件会被移至备份文件并将标准输出定向到输入文件（如果已存在与备份文件同名的文件，它将被静默地替换）。 " +"这使得编写一个能够原地重写其输入文件的过滤器成为可能。 如果给出了 *backup* 形参 (通常形式为 ``backup='.'``)，它将指定备份文件的扩展名，并且备份文件会被保留；默认情况下扩展名为 ``'.bak'`` 并且它会在输出文件关闭时被删除。" +" 在读取标准输入时原地过滤会被禁用。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:196 +msgid "The two following opening hooks are provided by this module:" +msgstr "此模块提供了以下两种打开文件钩子：" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Transparently opens files compressed with gzip and bzip2 (recognized by the " +"extensions ``'.gz'`` and ``'.bz2'``) using the :mod:`gzip` and :mod:`bz2` " +"modules. If the filename extension is not ``'.gz'`` or ``'.bz2'``, the file" +" is opened normally (ie, using :func:`open` without any decompression)." +msgstr "" +"使用 :mod:`gzip` 和 :mod:`bz2` 模块透明地打开 gzip 和 bzip2 压缩的文件（通过扩展名 ``'.gz'`` 和 " +"``'.bz2'`` 来识别）。 如果文件扩展名不是 ``'.gz'`` 或 ``'.bz2'``，文件会以正常方式打开（即使用 " +":func:`open` 并且不带任何解压操作）。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:205 +msgid "" +"The *encoding* and *errors* values are passed to :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` " +"for compressed files and open for normal files." +msgstr "*encoding* 和 *errors* 值会被传给 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 用于压缩文件以及打开普通文件。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Usage example: ``fi = " +"fileinput.FileInput(openhook=fileinput.hook_compressed, " +"encoding=\"utf-8\")``" +msgstr "" +"用法示例: ``fi = fileinput.FileInput(openhook=fileinput.hook_compressed, " +"encoding=\"utf-8\")``" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Returns a hook which opens each file with :func:`open`, using the given " +"*encoding* and *errors* to read the file." +msgstr "返回一个通过 :func:`open` 打开每个文件的钩子，使用给定的 *encoding* 和 *errors* 来读取文件。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Usage example: ``fi = " +"fileinput.FileInput(openhook=fileinput.hook_encoded(\"utf-8\", " +"\"surrogateescape\"))``" +msgstr "" +"使用示例: ``fi = fileinput.FileInput(openhook=fileinput.hook_encoded(\"utf-8\", " +"\"surrogateescape\"))``" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:223 +msgid "Added the optional *errors* parameter." +msgstr "添加了可选的 *errors* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/fileinput.rst:226 +msgid "" +"This function is deprecated since :func:`fileinput.input` and " +":class:`FileInput` now have *encoding* and *errors* parameters." +msgstr "" +"此函数已被弃用，因为 :func:`fileinput.input` 和 :class:`FileInput` 现在有了 *encoding* 和 " +"*errors* 形参。" diff --git a/library/filesys.po b/library/filesys.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..edbb7aa94 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/filesys.po @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:5 +msgid "File and Directory Access" +msgstr "文件和目录访问" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter deal with disk files and directories." +" For example, there are modules for reading the properties of files, " +"manipulating paths in a portable way, and creating temporary files. The " +"full list of modules in this chapter is:" +msgstr "" +"本章中描述的模块处理磁盘文件和目录。 例如，有一些模块用于读取文件的属性，以可移植的方式操作路径以及创建临时文件。 本章的完整模块列表如下：" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:29 +msgid "Module :mod:`os`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`os`" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Operating system interfaces, including functions to work with files at a " +"lower level than Python :term:`file objects `." +msgstr "操作系统接口，包括处理比 Python :term:`文件对象 ` 更低级别文件的功能。" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:33 +msgid "Module :mod:`io`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`io`" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Python's built-in I/O library, including both abstract classes and some " +"concrete classes such as file I/O." +msgstr "Python的内置 I/O 库，包括抽象类和一些具体的类，如文件 I/O 。" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:37 +msgid "Built-in function :func:`open`" +msgstr "内置函数 :func:`open`" + +#: ../../library/filesys.rst:38 +msgid "The standard way to open files for reading and writing with Python." +msgstr "使用 Python 打开文件进行读写的标准方法。" diff --git a/library/fnmatch.po b/library/fnmatch.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..467a9cd69 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/fnmatch.po @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# dannyvi , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching" +msgstr ":mod:`!fnmatch` --- Unix 文件名模式匹配" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/fnmatch.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/fnmatch.py`" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are *not*" +" the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the :mod:`re` " +"module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:" +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了 Unix shell 风格的通配符，它们 *并不* 等同于正则表达式（关于后者的文档参见 :mod:`re` 模块）。 shell " +"风格通配符所使用的特殊字符如下：" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:27 +msgid "Pattern" +msgstr "模式" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:27 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:29 +msgid "``*``" +msgstr "``*``" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:29 +msgid "matches everything" +msgstr "匹配所有" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:31 +msgid "``?``" +msgstr "``?``" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:31 +msgid "matches any single character" +msgstr "匹配任何单个字符" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:33 +msgid "``[seq]``" +msgstr "``[seq]``" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:33 +msgid "matches any character in *seq*" +msgstr "匹配 *seq* 中的任何字符" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:35 +msgid "``[!seq]``" +msgstr "``[!seq]``" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:35 +msgid "matches any character not in *seq*" +msgstr "匹配任何不在 *seq* 中的字符" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:38 +msgid "" +"For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, " +"``'[?]'`` matches the character ``'?'``." +msgstr "对于字面值匹配，请将原字符用方括号括起来。 例如，``'[?]'`` 将匹配字符 ``'?'``。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Note that the filename separator (``'/'`` on Unix) is *not* special to this " +"module. See module :mod:`glob` for pathname expansion (:mod:`glob` uses " +":func:`.filter` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting " +"with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the ``*`` " +"and ``?`` patterns." +msgstr "" +"注意文件名分隔符 (Unix 上为 ``'/'``) *不会* 被此模块特别对待。 请参见 :mod:`glob` 模块了解文件名扩展 " +"(:mod:`glob` 使用 :func:`.filter` 来匹配文件名的各个部分)。 " +"类似地，以一个句点打头的文件名也不会被此模块特别对待，可以通过 ``*`` 和 ``?`` 模式来匹配。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Unless stated otherwise, \"filename string\" and \"pattern string\" either " +"refer to :class:`str` or ``ISO-8859-1`` encoded :class:`bytes` objects. Note" +" that the functions documented below do not allow to mix a :class:`!bytes` " +"pattern with a :class:`!str` filename, and vice-versa." +msgstr "" +"除非另有说明，\"文件名字符串\" 和 \"模式字符串\" 是指使用 :class:`str` 或 ``ISO-8859-1`` 编码的 " +":class:`bytes` 对象。 请注意下的记录的函数不允许将 :class:`!bytes` 模式与 :class:`!str` " +"文件名混用，反之亦然。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Finally, note that :func:`functools.lru_cache` with a *maxsize* of 32768 is " +"used to cache the (typed) compiled regex patterns in the following " +"functions: :func:`fnmatch`, :func:`fnmatchcase`, :func:`.filter`." +msgstr "" +"最后，请注意 *maxsize* 为 32768 的 :func:`functools.lru_cache` " +"将被用于缓存下列函数中（标注类型的）已编译正则表达式: :func:`fnmatch`, :func:`fnmatchcase`, " +":func:`.filter`。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Test whether the filename string *name* matches the pattern string *pat*, " +"returning ``True`` or ``False``. Both parameters are case-normalized using " +":func:`os.path.normcase`. :func:`fnmatchcase` can be used to perform a case-" +"sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that's standard for the " +"operating system." +msgstr "" +"检测文件名字符串 *name* 是否匹配模式字符串 *pat*，返回 ``True`` 或 ``False``。 两个形参都会使用 " +":func:`os.path.normcase` 进行大小写正规化。 :func:`fnmatchcase` " +"可被用于执行大小写敏感的比较，无论这是否为所在操作系统的标准。can be used to perform a case-sensitive " +"comparison, regardless of whether that's standard for the operating system." + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:67 +msgid "" +"This example will print all file names in the current directory with the " +"extension ``.txt``::" +msgstr "这个例子将打印当前目录下带有扩展名 ``.txt`` 的所有文件名::" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:70 +msgid "" +"import fnmatch\n" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"for file in os.listdir('.'):\n" +" if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):\n" +" print(file)" +msgstr "" +"import fnmatch\n" +"import os\n" +"\n" +"for file in os.listdir('.'):\n" +" if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):\n" +" print(file)" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Test whether the filename string *name* matches the pattern string *pat*, " +"returning ``True`` or ``False``; the comparison is case-sensitive and does " +"not apply :func:`os.path.normcase`." +msgstr "" +"检测文件名字符串 *name* 是否匹配模式字符串 *pat*，返回 ``True`` 或 ``False``；此比较是大小写敏感的并且不会应用 " +":func:`os.path.normcase`。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Construct a list from those elements of the :term:`iterable` of filename " +"strings *names* that match the pattern string *pat*. It is the same as ``[n " +"for n in names if fnmatch(n, pat)]``, but implemented more efficiently." +msgstr "" +"基于包含匹配模式字符串 *pat* 的文件名字符串 *names* 的 :term:`iterable` 构造一个列表。 它等价于 ``[n for n" +" in names if fnmatch(n, pat)]``，但实现得更为高效。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Return the shell-style pattern *pat* converted to a regular expression for " +"using with :func:`re.match`. The pattern is expected to be a :class:`str`." +msgstr "" +"返回由 shell 风格的模式 *pat* 转换成正则表达式配合 :func:`re.match` 使用。 此模式预期为一个 :class:`str`。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:98 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:112 +msgid "Module :mod:`glob`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`glob`" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:113 +msgid "Unix shell-style path expansion." +msgstr "Unix shell 风格路径扩展。" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:9 +msgid "filenames" +msgstr "文件名" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:9 +msgid "wildcard expansion" +msgstr "通配符扩展" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:11 ../../library/fnmatch.rst:41 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:11 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:19 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:19 +msgid "in glob-style wildcards" +msgstr "使用 glob 风格的通配符" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:19 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:19 +msgid "[] (square brackets)" +msgstr "[] (方括号)" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:19 +msgid "! (exclamation)" +msgstr "! (感叹号)" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:19 +msgid "- (minus)" +msgstr "- (减号)" + +#: ../../library/fnmatch.rst:41 +msgid "glob" +msgstr "glob" diff --git a/library/formatter.po b/library/formatter.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9431b000d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/formatter.po @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 君 码侬 , 2020 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.9\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-01 05:02+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-02-16 23:11+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: 君 码侬 , 2020\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`formatter` --- Generic output formatting" +msgstr ":mod:`formatter` --- 通用格式化输出" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:8 +msgid "Due to lack of usage, the formatter module has been deprecated." +msgstr "因为被使用的次数很少，此格式化模块已经被弃用了。" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This module supports two interface definitions, each with multiple " +"implementations: The *formatter* interface, and the *writer* interface which" +" is required by the formatter interface." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Formatter objects transform an abstract flow of formatting events into " +"specific output events on writer objects. Formatters manage several stack " +"structures to allow various properties of a writer object to be changed and " +"restored; writers need not be able to handle relative changes nor any sort " +"of \"change back\" operation. Specific writer properties which may be " +"controlled via formatter objects are horizontal alignment, font, and left " +"margin indentations. A mechanism is provided which supports providing " +"arbitrary, non-exclusive style settings to a writer as well. Additional " +"interfaces facilitate formatting events which are not reversible, such as " +"paragraph separation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Writer objects encapsulate device interfaces. Abstract devices, such as " +"file formats, are supported as well as physical devices. The provided " +"implementations all work with abstract devices. The interface makes " +"available mechanisms for setting the properties which formatter objects " +"manage and inserting data into the output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:37 +msgid "The Formatter Interface" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Interfaces to create formatters are dependent on the specific formatter " +"class being instantiated. The interfaces described below are the required " +"interfaces which all formatters must support once initialized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:43 +msgid "One data element is defined at the module level:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Value which can be used in the font specification passed to the " +"``push_font()`` method described below, or as the new value to any other " +"``push_property()`` method. Pushing the ``AS_IS`` value allows the " +"corresponding ``pop_property()`` method to be called without having to track" +" whether the property was changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:53 +msgid "The following attributes are defined for formatter instance objects:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:58 +msgid "The writer instance with which the formatter interacts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Close any open paragraphs and insert at least *blanklines* before the next " +"paragraph." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Add a hard line break if one does not already exist. This does not break " +"the logical paragraph." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Insert a horizontal rule in the output. A hard break is inserted if there " +"is data in the current paragraph, but the logical paragraph is not broken. " +"The arguments and keywords are passed on to the writer's " +":meth:`send_line_break` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Provide data which should be formatted with collapsed whitespace. Whitespace" +" from preceding and successive calls to :meth:`add_flowing_data` is " +"considered as well when the whitespace collapse is performed. The data " +"which is passed to this method is expected to be word-wrapped by the output " +"device. Note that any word-wrapping still must be performed by the writer " +"object due to the need to rely on device and font information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Provide data which should be passed to the writer unchanged. Whitespace, " +"including newline and tab characters, are considered legal in the value of " +"*data*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Insert a label which should be placed to the left of the current left " +"margin. This should be used for constructing bulleted or numbered lists. If" +" the *format* value is a string, it is interpreted as a format specification" +" for *counter*, which should be an integer. The result of this formatting " +"becomes the value of the label; if *format* is not a string it is used as " +"the label value directly. The label value is passed as the only argument to " +"the writer's :meth:`send_label_data` method. Interpretation of non-string " +"label values is dependent on the associated writer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Format specifications are strings which, in combination with a counter " +"value, are used to compute label values. Each character in the format " +"string is copied to the label value, with some characters recognized to " +"indicate a transform on the counter value. Specifically, the character " +"``'1'`` represents the counter value formatter as an Arabic number, the " +"characters ``'A'`` and ``'a'`` represent alphabetic representations of the " +"counter value in upper and lower case, respectively, and ``'I'`` and ``'i'``" +" represent the counter value in Roman numerals, in upper and lower case. " +"Note that the alphabetic and roman transforms require that the counter value" +" be greater than zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Send any pending whitespace buffered from a previous call to " +":meth:`add_flowing_data` to the associated writer object. This should be " +"called before any direct manipulation of the writer object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Push a new alignment setting onto the alignment stack. This may be " +":const:`AS_IS` if no change is desired. If the alignment value is changed " +"from the previous setting, the writer's :meth:`new_alignment` method is " +"called with the *align* value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:137 +msgid "Restore the previous alignment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Change some or all font properties of the writer object. Properties which " +"are not set to :const:`AS_IS` are set to the values passed in while others " +"are maintained at their current settings. The writer's :meth:`new_font` " +"method is called with the fully resolved font specification." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:150 +msgid "Restore the previous font." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Increase the number of left margin indentations by one, associating the " +"logical tag *margin* with the new indentation. The initial margin level is " +"``0``. Changed values of the logical tag must be true values; false values " +"other than :const:`AS_IS` are not sufficient to change the margin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:163 +msgid "Restore the previous margin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Push any number of arbitrary style specifications. All styles are pushed " +"onto the styles stack in order. A tuple representing the entire stack, " +"including :const:`AS_IS` values, is passed to the writer's " +":meth:`new_styles` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Pop the last *n* style specifications passed to :meth:`push_style`. A tuple" +" representing the revised stack, including :const:`AS_IS` values, is passed " +"to the writer's :meth:`new_styles` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:182 +msgid "Set the spacing style for the writer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Inform the formatter that data has been added to the current paragraph out-" +"of-band. This should be used when the writer has been manipulated directly." +" The optional *flag* argument can be set to false if the writer " +"manipulations produced a hard line break at the end of the output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:196 +msgid "Formatter Implementations" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Two implementations of formatter objects are provided by this module. Most " +"applications may use one of these classes without modification or " +"subclassing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:204 +msgid "" +"A formatter which does nothing. If *writer* is omitted, a " +":class:`NullWriter` instance is created. No methods of the writer are " +"called by :class:`NullFormatter` instances. Implementations should inherit " +"from this class if implementing a writer interface but don't need to inherit" +" any implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:213 +msgid "" +"The standard formatter. This implementation has demonstrated wide " +"applicability to many writers, and may be used directly in most " +"circumstances. It has been used to implement a full-featured World Wide Web" +" browser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:221 +msgid "The Writer Interface" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Interfaces to create writers are dependent on the specific writer class " +"being instantiated. The interfaces described below are the required " +"interfaces which all writers must support once initialized. Note that while " +"most applications can use the :class:`AbstractFormatter` class as a " +"formatter, the writer must typically be provided by the application." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:232 +msgid "Flush any buffered output or device control events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Set the alignment style. The *align* value can be any object, but by " +"convention is a string or ``None``, where ``None`` indicates that the " +"writer's \"preferred\" alignment should be used. Conventional *align* values" +" are ``'left'``, ``'center'``, ``'right'``, and ``'justify'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Set the font style. The value of *font* will be ``None``, indicating that " +"the device's default font should be used, or a tuple of the form ``(size, " +"italic, bold, teletype)``. Size will be a string indicating the size of " +"font that should be used; specific strings and their interpretation must be " +"defined by the application. The *italic*, *bold*, and *teletype* values are" +" Boolean values specifying which of those font attributes should be used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Set the margin level to the integer *level* and the logical tag to *margin*." +" Interpretation of the logical tag is at the writer's discretion; the only " +"restriction on the value of the logical tag is that it not be a false value " +"for non-zero values of *level*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:263 +msgid "Set the spacing style to *spacing*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Set additional styles. The *styles* value is a tuple of arbitrary values; " +"the value :const:`AS_IS` should be ignored. The *styles* tuple may be " +"interpreted either as a set or as a stack depending on the requirements of " +"the application and writer implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:276 +msgid "Break the current line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Produce a paragraph separation of at least *blankline* blank lines, or the " +"equivalent. The *blankline* value will be an integer. Note that the " +"implementation will receive a call to :meth:`send_line_break` before this " +"call if a line break is needed; this method should not include ending the " +"last line of the paragraph. It is only responsible for vertical spacing " +"between paragraphs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Display a horizontal rule on the output device. The arguments to this " +"method are entirely application- and writer-specific, and should be " +"interpreted with care. The method implementation may assume that a line " +"break has already been issued via :meth:`send_line_break`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Output character data which may be word-wrapped and re-flowed as needed. " +"Within any sequence of calls to this method, the writer may assume that " +"spans of multiple whitespace characters have been collapsed to single space " +"characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Output character data which has already been formatted for display. " +"Generally, this should be interpreted to mean that line breaks indicated by " +"newline characters should be preserved and no new line breaks should be " +"introduced. The data may contain embedded newline and tab characters, " +"unlike data provided to the :meth:`send_formatted_data` interface." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Set *data* to the left of the current left margin, if possible. The value of" +" *data* is not restricted; treatment of non-string values is entirely " +"application- and writer-dependent. This method will only be called at the " +"beginning of a line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:324 +msgid "Writer Implementations" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Three implementations of the writer object interface are provided as " +"examples by this module. Most applications will need to derive new writer " +"classes from the :class:`NullWriter` class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:333 +msgid "" +"A writer which only provides the interface definition; no actions are taken " +"on any methods. This should be the base class for all writers which do not " +"need to inherit any implementation methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:340 +msgid "" +"A writer which can be used in debugging formatters, but not much else. Each" +" method simply announces itself by printing its name and arguments on " +"standard output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/formatter.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Simple writer class which writes output on the :term:`file object` passed in" +" as *file* or, if *file* is omitted, on standard output. The output is " +"simply word-wrapped to the number of columns specified by *maxcol*. This " +"class is suitable for reflowing a sequence of paragraphs." +msgstr "" diff --git a/library/fractions.po b/library/fractions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..803a3c699 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/fractions.po @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dingyuan Wang , 2021 +# Zhe He , 2021 +# zeroswan , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!fractions` --- Rational numbers" +msgstr ":mod:`!fractions` --- 有理数" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/fractions.py`" +msgstr "**源代码** :source:`Lib/fractions.py`" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`fractions` module provides support for rational number arithmetic." +msgstr ":mod:`fractions` 模块支持分数运算。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:17 +msgid "" +"A Fraction instance can be constructed from a pair of integers, from another" +" rational number, or from a string." +msgstr "分数实例可以由一对整数，一个分数，或者一个字符串构建而成。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The first version requires that *numerator* and *denominator* are instances " +"of :class:`numbers.Rational` and returns a new :class:`Fraction` instance " +"with value ``numerator/denominator``. If *denominator* is ``0``, it raises a" +" :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`. The second version requires that *other_fraction*" +" is an instance of :class:`numbers.Rational` and returns a :class:`Fraction`" +" instance with the same value. The next two versions accept either a " +":class:`float` or a :class:`decimal.Decimal` instance, and return a " +":class:`Fraction` instance with exactly the same value. Note that due to " +"the usual issues with binary floating point (see :ref:`tut-fp-issues`), the " +"argument to ``Fraction(1.1)`` is not exactly equal to 11/10, and so " +"``Fraction(1.1)`` does *not* return ``Fraction(11, 10)`` as one might " +"expect. (But see the documentation for the :meth:`limit_denominator` method " +"below.) The last version of the constructor expects a string or unicode " +"instance. The usual form for this instance is::" +msgstr "" +"第一个版本要求 *numerator* 和 *denominator* 是 :class:`numbers.Rational` 的实例，并返回一个值为 " +"``numerator/denominator`` 的新 :class:`Fraction` 实例。 如果 *denominator* 是 ``0`` " +"则会引发 :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`。 第二个版本要求 *other_fraction* 是 " +":class:`numbers.Rational` 的实例，并返回具有相同值的 :class:`Fraction` 实例。 接下来的两个版本接受 " +":class:`float` 或 :class:`decimal.Decimal` 实例，并返回具有完全相同值的 :class:`Fraction` " +"实例。 请注意由于二进制浮点运算通常存在的问题 (参见 :ref:`tut-fp-issues`)，``Fraction(1.1)`` " +"的参数并不完全等于 11/10，因此 ``Fraction(1.1)`` 也 *不会* 像人们所期望的那样返回 ``Fraction(11, " +"10)``。 （请参阅下面 :meth:`limit_denominator` 方法的文档。） 最后一个版本的构造器接受一个字符串或 unicode " +"实例。 该实例的通常形式为::" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:41 +msgid "[sign] numerator ['/' denominator]" +msgstr "[sign] numerator ['/' denominator]" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:43 +msgid "" +"where the optional ``sign`` may be either '+' or '-' and ``numerator`` and " +"``denominator`` (if present) are strings of decimal digits (underscores may " +"be used to delimit digits as with integral literals in code). In addition, " +"any string that represents a finite value and is accepted by the " +":class:`float` constructor is also accepted by the :class:`Fraction` " +"constructor. In either form the input string may also have leading and/or " +"trailing whitespace. Here are some examples::" +msgstr "" +"其中的可选项 ``sign`` 可能为 '+' 或 '-' 且 ``numerator`` 和 ``denominator`` (如果存在) " +"是十进制数码的字符串 (可以如代码中的整数字面值一样使用下划线来分隔数码)。 此外，:class:`float` " +"构造器所接受的任何代表一个有限值的字符串也都为 :class:`Fraction` 构造器所接受。 不论哪 " +"种形式的输入字符串也都可以带有开头和/或末尾空格符。 这里是一些示例::" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:52 +msgid "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> Fraction(16, -10)\n" +"Fraction(-8, 5)\n" +">>> Fraction(123)\n" +"Fraction(123, 1)\n" +">>> Fraction()\n" +"Fraction(0, 1)\n" +">>> Fraction('3/7')\n" +"Fraction(3, 7)\n" +">>> Fraction(' -3/7 ')\n" +"Fraction(-3, 7)\n" +">>> Fraction('1.414213 \\t\\n')\n" +"Fraction(1414213, 1000000)\n" +">>> Fraction('-.125')\n" +"Fraction(-1, 8)\n" +">>> Fraction('7e-6')\n" +"Fraction(7, 1000000)\n" +">>> Fraction(2.25)\n" +"Fraction(9, 4)\n" +">>> Fraction(1.1)\n" +"Fraction(2476979795053773, 2251799813685248)\n" +">>> from decimal import Decimal\n" +">>> Fraction(Decimal('1.1'))\n" +"Fraction(11, 10)" +msgstr "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> Fraction(16, -10)\n" +"Fraction(-8, 5)\n" +">>> Fraction(123)\n" +"Fraction(123, 1)\n" +">>> Fraction()\n" +"Fraction(0, 1)\n" +">>> Fraction('3/7')\n" +"Fraction(3, 7)\n" +">>> Fraction(' -3/7 ')\n" +"Fraction(-3, 7)\n" +">>> Fraction('1.414213 \\t\\n')\n" +"Fraction(1414213, 1000000)\n" +">>> Fraction('-.125')\n" +"Fraction(-1, 8)\n" +">>> Fraction('7e-6')\n" +"Fraction(7, 1000000)\n" +">>> Fraction(2.25)\n" +"Fraction(9, 4)\n" +">>> Fraction(1.1)\n" +"Fraction(2476979795053773, 2251799813685248)\n" +">>> from decimal import Decimal\n" +">>> Fraction(Decimal('1.1'))\n" +"Fraction(11, 10)" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:78 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Fraction` class inherits from the abstract base class " +":class:`numbers.Rational`, and implements all of the methods and operations " +"from that class. :class:`Fraction` instances are :term:`hashable`, and " +"should be treated as immutable. In addition, :class:`Fraction` has the " +"following properties and methods:" +msgstr "" +":class:`Fraction` 类继承自抽象基类 :class:`numbers.Rational`，并实现了该类的所有方法和操作。 " +":class:`Fraction` 实例是 :term:`hashable` 对象，并应当被视为不可变对象。 此外，:class:`Fraction` " +"还具有以下特征属性和方法:" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:84 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Fraction` constructor now accepts :class:`float` and " +":class:`decimal.Decimal` instances." +msgstr "" +":class:`Fraction` 构造器现在接受 :class:`float` 和 :class:`decimal.Decimal` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :func:`math.gcd` function is now used to normalize the *numerator* and " +"*denominator*. :func:`math.gcd` always returns an :class:`int` type. " +"Previously, the GCD type depended on *numerator* and *denominator*." +msgstr "" +"现在会使用 :func:`math.gcd` 函数来正规化 *numerator* 和 *denominator*。 :func:`math.gcd` " +"总是返回 :class:`int` 类型。 在之前版本中，GCD 的类型取决于 *numerator* 和 *denominator* 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Underscores are now permitted when creating a :class:`Fraction` instance " +"from a string, following :PEP:`515` rules." +msgstr "现在当使用字符串创建 :class:`Fraction` 实例时已允许使用下划线，遵循 :PEP:`515` 规则。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:97 +msgid "" +":class:`Fraction` implements ``__int__`` now to satisfy " +"``typing.SupportsInt`` instance checks." +msgstr ":class:`Fraction` 现在实现了 ``__int__`` 以满足 ``typing.SupportsInt`` 实例检测。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Space is allowed around the slash for string inputs: ``Fraction('2 / 3')``." +msgstr "允许字符串输入在斜杠两边添加空格: ``Fraction('2 / 3')``。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:104 +msgid "" +":class:`Fraction` instances now support float-style formatting, with " +"presentation types ``\"e\"``, ``\"E\"``, ``\"f\"``, ``\"F\"``, ``\"g\"``, " +"``\"G\"`` and ``\"%\"\"``." +msgstr "" +":class:`Fraction` 实例现在支持浮点风格的格式化，使用 ``\"e\"``, ``\"E\"``, ``\"f\"``, " +"``\"F\"``, ``\"g\"``, ``\"G\"`` 和 ``\"%\"\"`` 等表示类型。." + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Formatting of :class:`Fraction` instances without a presentation type now " +"supports fill, alignment, sign handling, minimum width and grouping." +msgstr "没有表示类型的 :class:`Fraction` 实例的格式化现在支持填充、对齐、正负号处理、最小宽度和分组。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:115 +msgid "Numerator of the Fraction in lowest term." +msgstr "最简分数形式的分子。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:119 +msgid "Denominator of the Fraction in lowest term." +msgstr "最简分数形式的分母。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple of two integers, whose ratio is equal to the original " +"Fraction. The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator." +msgstr "返回由两个整数组成的元组，两数之比等于原 Fraction 的值且其分母为正数。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:132 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the Fraction is an integer." +msgstr "如果 Fraction 为整数则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Alternative constructor which only accepts instances of :class:`float` or " +":class:`numbers.Integral`. Beware that ``Fraction.from_float(0.3)`` is not " +"the same value as ``Fraction(3, 10)``." +msgstr "" +"只接受 :class:`float` 或 :class:`numbers.Integral` 实例的替代性构造器。 请注意 " +"``Fraction.from_float(0.3)`` 与 ``Fraction(3, 10)`` 的值是不同的。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:144 +msgid "" +"From Python 3.2 onwards, you can also construct a :class:`Fraction` instance" +" directly from a :class:`float`." +msgstr "从 Python 3.2 开始，在构造 :class:`Fraction` 实例时可以直接使用 :class:`float`。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Alternative constructor which only accepts instances of " +":class:`decimal.Decimal` or :class:`numbers.Integral`." +msgstr "只接受 :class:`decimal.Decimal` 或 :class:`numbers.Integral` 实例的替代性构造器。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:155 +msgid "" +"From Python 3.2 onwards, you can also construct a :class:`Fraction` instance" +" directly from a :class:`decimal.Decimal` instance." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.2 开始，在构造 :class:`Fraction` 实例时可以直接使用 :class:`decimal.Decimal` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Finds and returns the closest :class:`Fraction` to ``self`` that has " +"denominator at most max_denominator. This method is useful for finding " +"rational approximations to a given floating-point number:" +msgstr "" +"找到并返回一个 :class:`Fraction` 使得其值最接近 ``self`` 并且分母不大于 max_denominator。 " +"此方法适用于找出给定浮点数的有理数近似值：" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:170 +msgid "or for recovering a rational number that's represented as a float:" +msgstr "或是用来恢复被表示为一个浮点数的有理数：" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Returns the greatest :class:`int` ``<= self``. This method can also be " +"accessed through the :func:`math.floor` function:" +msgstr "返回最大的 :class:`int` ``<= self``。 此方法也可通过 :func:`math.floor` 函数来使用：" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Returns the least :class:`int` ``>= self``. This method can also be " +"accessed through the :func:`math.ceil` function." +msgstr "返回最小的 :class:`int` ``>= self``。 此方法也可通过 :func:`math.ceil` 函数来使用。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:200 +msgid "" +"The first version returns the nearest :class:`int` to ``self``, rounding " +"half to even. The second version rounds ``self`` to the nearest multiple of " +"``Fraction(1, 10**ndigits)`` (logically, if ``ndigits`` is negative), again " +"rounding half toward even. This method can also be accessed through the " +":func:`round` function." +msgstr "" +"第一个版本返回一个 :class:`int` 使得其值最接近 ``self``，位值为二分之一时只对偶数舍入。第二个版本会将 ``self`` " +"舍入到最接近 ``Fraction(1, 10**ndigits)`` 的倍数（如果 ``ndigits`` " +"为负值则为逻辑运算），位值为二分之一时同样只对偶数舍入。 此方法也可通过 :func:`round` 函数来使用。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Provides support for formatting of :class:`Fraction` instances via the " +":meth:`str.format` method, the :func:`format` built-in function, or " +":ref:`Formatted string literals `." +msgstr "" +"通过 :meth:`str.format` 方法、:func:`format` 内置函数或 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` " +"提供对 :class:`Fraction` 实例格式化的支持。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:212 +msgid "" +"If the ``format_spec`` format specification string does not end with one of " +"the presentation types ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``, ``'g'``, ``'G'`` " +"or ``'%'`` then formatting follows the general rules for fill, alignment, " +"sign handling, minimum width, and grouping as described in the :ref:`format " +"specification mini-language `. The \"alternate form\" flag " +"``'#'`` is supported: if present, it forces the output string to always " +"include an explicit denominator, even when the value being formatted is an " +"exact integer. The zero-fill flag ``'0'`` is not supported." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``format_spec`` 格式说明字符串末尾不带表示类型 ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``, " +"``'g'``, ``'G'`` 或 ``'%'`` 之一则格式化操作将遵循在 :ref:`格式说明微语言 ` " +"中描述的有关填充、对齐、正负号处理、最小宽度和分组的一般规则。 “替代形式”旗标 ``'#'`` " +"也是受支持的：如果提供，将强制输出字符串始终包括一个显式的分母，即使被格式化的值恰好为整数也是如此。 表示填充零值的旗标 ``'0'`` 是不被支持的。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:222 +msgid "" +"If the ``format_spec`` format specification string ends with one of the " +"presentation types ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``, ``'g'``, ``'G'`` or " +"``'%'`` then formatting follows the rules outlined for the :class:`float` " +"type in the :ref:`formatspec` section." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``format_spec`` 格式说明字符串末尾带有表示类型 ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``, " +"``'g'``, ``'G'`` 或 ``'%'`` 之一那么格式化操作将遵循在 :ref:`formatspec` 小节中针对 " +":class:`float` 类型所描述的规则。" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:227 +msgid "Here are some examples::" +msgstr "这是一些例子::" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:229 +msgid "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> format(Fraction(103993, 33102), '_')\n" +"'103_993/33_102'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(1, 7), '.^+10')\n" +"'...+1/7...'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(3, 1), '')\n" +"'3'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(3, 1), '#')\n" +"'3/1'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(1, 7), '.40g')\n" +"'0.1428571428571428571428571428571428571429'\n" +">>> format(Fraction('1234567.855'), '_.2f')\n" +"'1_234_567.86'\n" +">>> f\"{Fraction(355, 113):*>20.6e}\"\n" +"'********3.141593e+00'\n" +">>> old_price, new_price = 499, 672\n" +">>> \"{:.2%} price increase\".format(Fraction(new_price, old_price) - 1)\n" +"'34.67% price increase'" +msgstr "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> format(Fraction(103993, 33102), '_')\n" +"'103_993/33_102'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(1, 7), '.^+10')\n" +"'...+1/7...'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(3, 1), '')\n" +"'3'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(3, 1), '#')\n" +"'3/1'\n" +">>> format(Fraction(1, 7), '.40g')\n" +"'0.1428571428571428571428571428571428571429'\n" +">>> format(Fraction('1234567.855'), '_.2f')\n" +"'1_234_567.86'\n" +">>> f\"{Fraction(355, 113):*>20.6e}\"\n" +"'********3.141593e+00'\n" +">>> old_price, new_price = 499, 672\n" +">>> \"{:.2%} price increase\".format(Fraction(new_price, old_price) - 1)\n" +"'34.67% price increase'" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:251 +msgid "Module :mod:`numbers`" +msgstr ":mod:`numbers` 模块" + +#: ../../library/fractions.rst:252 +msgid "The abstract base classes making up the numeric tower." +msgstr "构成数字塔的所有抽象基类。" diff --git a/library/frameworks.po b/library/frameworks.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8dee7ba44 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/frameworks.po @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/frameworks.rst:5 +msgid "Program Frameworks" +msgstr "程序框架" + +#: ../../library/frameworks.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter are frameworks that will largely " +"dictate the structure of your program. Currently the modules described " +"here are all oriented toward writing command-line interfaces." +msgstr "本章中描述的模块是很大程度上决定程序结构的框架。 目前，这里描述的模块都面向编写命令行接口。" + +#: ../../library/frameworks.rst:11 +msgid "The full list of modules described in this chapter is:" +msgstr "本章描述的完整模块列表如下：" diff --git a/library/ftplib.po b/library/ftplib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28bddb79a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/ftplib.po @@ -0,0 +1,716 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Yi Cao <1783250036@qq.com>, 2021 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!ftplib` --- FTP protocol client" +msgstr ":mod:`!ftplib` --- FTP 协议客户端" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ftplib.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/ftplib.py`" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module defines the class :class:`FTP` and a few related items. The " +":class:`FTP` class implements the client side of the FTP protocol. You can " +"use this to write Python programs that perform a variety of automated FTP " +"jobs, such as mirroring other FTP servers. It is also used by the module " +":mod:`urllib.request` to handle URLs that use FTP. For more information on " +"FTP (File Transfer Protocol), see internet :rfc:`959`." +msgstr "" +"本模块定义了 :class:`FTP` 类和一些相关项目。 :class:`FTP` 类实现了 FTP 协议的客户端。 " +"你可以用这个类来编写执行各种自动化 FTP 任务的 Python 程序，例如镜像其他 FTP 服务器等。 它还被 " +":mod:`urllib.request` 模块用来处理使用 FTP 的 URL。 有关 FTP (文件传输协议) 的更多信息，请参阅 " +":rfc:`959`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:22 +msgid "The default encoding is UTF-8, following :rfc:`2640`." +msgstr "默认编码为 UTF-8，遵循 :rfc:`2640`。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:26 +msgid "Here's a sample session using the :mod:`ftplib` module::" +msgstr "以下是使用 :mod:`ftplib` 模块的会话示例::" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:28 +msgid "" +">>> from ftplib import FTP\n" +">>> ftp = FTP('ftp.us.debian.org') # connect to host, default port\n" +">>> ftp.login() # user anonymous, passwd anonymous@\n" +"'230 Login successful.'\n" +">>> ftp.cwd('debian') # change into \"debian\" directory\n" +"'250 Directory successfully changed.'\n" +">>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents\n" +"-rw-rw-r-- 1 1176 1176 1063 Jun 15 10:18 README\n" +"...\n" +"drwxr-sr-x 5 1176 1176 4096 Dec 19 2000 pool\n" +"drwxr-sr-x 4 1176 1176 4096 Nov 17 2008 project\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 3 1176 1176 4096 Oct 10 2012 tools\n" +"'226 Directory send OK.'\n" +">>> with open('README', 'wb') as fp:\n" +">>> ftp.retrbinary('RETR README', fp.write)\n" +"'226 Transfer complete.'\n" +">>> ftp.quit()\n" +"'221 Goodbye.'" +msgstr "" +">>> from ftplib import FTP\n" +">>> ftp = FTP('ftp.us.debian.org') # 连接到主机，默认端口\n" +">>> ftp.login() # 用户 anonymous，密码 anonymous@\n" +"'230 Login successful.'\n" +">>> ftp.cwd('debian') # 更改为 \"debian\" 目录\n" +"'250 Directory successfully changed.'\n" +">>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # 列出目录内容\n" +"-rw-rw-r-- 1 1176 1176 1063 Jun 15 10:18 README\n" +"...\n" +"drwxr-sr-x 5 1176 1176 4096 Dec 19 2000 pool\n" +"drwxr-sr-x 4 1176 1176 4096 Nov 17 2008 project\n" +"drwxr-xr-x 3 1176 1176 4096 Oct 10 2012 tools\n" +"'226 Directory send OK.'\n" +">>> with open('README', 'wb') as fp:\n" +">>> ftp.retrbinary('RETR README', fp.write)\n" +"'226 Transfer complete.'\n" +">>> ftp.quit()\n" +"'221 Goodbye.'" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:51 +msgid "Reference" +msgstr "参考" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:56 +msgid "FTP objects" +msgstr "FTP 对象" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:87 +msgid "Return a new instance of the :class:`FTP` class." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`FTP` 类的新实例。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:0 +msgid "Parameters" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:89 ../../library/ftplib.rst:461 +msgid "" +"The hostname to connect to. If given, :code:`connect(host)` is implicitly " +"called by the constructor." +msgstr "要连接的主机名。 如果给出，则将由构造器隐式地调用 :code:`connect(host)`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:93 ../../library/ftplib.rst:465 +msgid "" +"|param_doc_user| If given, :code:`login(host, passwd, acct)` is implicitly " +"called by the constructor." +msgstr "如果给出 |param_doc_user|，则将由构造器隐式地调用 :code:`login(host, passwd, acct)`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:98 ../../library/ftplib.rst:212 +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:470 +msgid "|param_doc_passwd|" +msgstr "|param_doc_passwd|" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:101 ../../library/ftplib.rst:215 +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:473 +msgid "|param_doc_acct|" +msgstr "|param_doc_acct|" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:104 +msgid "" +"A timeout in seconds for blocking operations like :meth:`connect` (default: " +"the global default timeout setting)." +msgstr "用于阻塞操作如 :meth:`connect` 的以秒数表示的超时值（默认：全局默认超时设置值）。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:109 ../../library/ftplib.rst:183 +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:488 +msgid "|param_doc_source_address|" +msgstr "|param_doc_source_address|" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:113 ../../library/ftplib.rst:492 +msgid "|param_doc_encoding|" +msgstr "|param_doc_encoding|" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:116 +msgid "The :class:`FTP` class supports the :keyword:`with` statement, e.g.:" +msgstr ":class:`FTP` 类支持 :keyword:`with` 语句，例如：" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:130 +msgid "Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added." +msgstr "添加了对 :keyword:`with` 语句的支持。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:133 ../../library/ftplib.rst:189 +msgid "*source_address* parameter was added." +msgstr "添加了 *source_address* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:136 ../../library/ftplib.rst:505 +msgid "" +"If the *timeout* parameter is set to be zero, it will raise a " +":class:`ValueError` to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. The " +"*encoding* parameter was added, and the default was changed from Latin-1 to " +"UTF-8 to follow :rfc:`2640`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *timeout* 参数设置为 0，创建非阻塞套接字时，它将引发 :class:`ValueError` 来阻止该操作。添加了 " +"*encoding* 参数，且为了遵循 :rfc:`2640`，该参数默认值从 Latin-1 改为了 UTF-8。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Several :class:`!FTP` methods are available in two flavors: one for handling" +" text files and another for binary files. The methods are named for the " +"command which is used followed by ``lines`` for the text version or " +"``binary`` for the binary version." +msgstr "" +"某些 :class:`!FTP` 方法有两种形式：一种用于处理文本文件而另一种用于二进制文件。 这些方法的名称与所用的命令相对应，文本版之后跟 " +"``lines`` 而二进制版之后跟 ``binary``。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:147 +msgid ":class:`FTP` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`FTP` 实例具有下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Set the instance's debugging level as an :class:`int`. This controls the " +"amount of debugging output printed. The debug levels are:" +msgstr "将实例的调试级别设为一个 :class:`int` 值。 这将控制所打印的调试输出数据量。 调试级别包括：" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:155 +msgid "``0`` (default): No debug output." +msgstr "``0`` (默认): 无调试输出。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:156 +msgid "" +"``1``: Produce a moderate amount of debug output, generally a single line " +"per request." +msgstr "``1``: 产生中等的调试输出数据量，通常为每个请求一行。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:158 +msgid "" +"``2`` or higher: Produce the maximum amount of debugging output, logging " +"each line sent and received on the control connection." +msgstr "``2`` 或更高: 产生最大的调试输出数据量，记录在控制连接中发送和接收的每一行。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Connect to the given host and port. This function should be called only once" +" for each instance; it should not be called if a *host* argument was given " +"when the :class:`FTP` instance was created. All other :class:`!FTP` methods " +"can only be called after a connection has successfully been made." +msgstr "" +"连接到给定的主机和端口。 此函数应当只为每个实例调用一次；如果在创建 :class:`FTP` 实例时给出了 *host* 参数则不应调用此函数。 " +"所有其他 :class:`!FTP` 方法只能在连接成功建立之后被调用。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:170 +msgid "The host to connect to." +msgstr "要连接的主机。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:173 +msgid "" +"The TCP port to connect to (default: ``21``, as specified by the FTP " +"protocol specification). It is rarely needed to specify a different port " +"number." +msgstr "要连接的 TCP 端口 (默认值: ``21``，如 FTP 协议规范所指明的)。 很少有必要指定不同的端口号。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:178 +msgid "" +"A timeout in seconds for the connection attempt (default: the global default" +" timeout setting)." +msgstr "针对连接尝试的以秒数表示的超时值（默认值：全局默认超时设置值）。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ftplib.connect`` with arguments" +" ``self``, ``host``, ``port``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ftplib.connect`` 并附带参数 ``self``, ``host``, " +"``port``。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial " +"connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help " +"information that may be relevant to the user.)" +msgstr "返回服务器发送的欢迎消息，作为连接开始的回复。（该消息有时包含与用户有关的免责声明或帮助信息。）" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:202 +msgid "" +"Log on to the connected FTP server. This function should be called only once" +" for each instance, after a connection has been established; it should not " +"be called if the *host* and *user* arguments were given when the " +":class:`FTP` instance was created. Most FTP commands are only allowed after " +"the client has logged in." +msgstr "" +"登录到已连接的 FTP 服务器。 在建立连接后，此函数应当只为每个实例调用一次；如果在创建 :class:`FTP` 实例时给出了 *host* 和 " +"*user* 参数则不应调用该函数。 大多数 FTP 命令只有在客户端已登录后才允许使用。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:209 +msgid "|param_doc_user|" +msgstr "|param_doc_user|" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:221 +msgid "" +"Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work," +" but it's worth a try." +msgstr "中止正在进行的文件传输。本方法并不总是有效，但值得一试。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string." +msgstr "将一条简单的命令字符串发送到服务器，返回响应的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:229 ../../library/ftplib.rst:238 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``ftplib.sendcmd`` with arguments" +" ``self``, ``cmd``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``ftplib.sendcmd`` 并附带参数 ``self``, ``cmd``。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return " +"the response string if the response code corresponds to success (codes in " +"the range 200--299). Raise :exc:`error_reply` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"将一条简单的命令字符串发送到服务器并对响应进行处理。 如果响应代码对应执行成功（代码在 200--299 范围内）则返回响应字符串。 在其他情况下则引发" +" :exc:`error_reply`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:243 +msgid "Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode." +msgstr "以二进制传输模式获取一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:245 +msgid "An appropriate ``RETR`` command: :samp:`\"RETR {filename}\"`." +msgstr "一个正确的 ``RETR`` 命令: :samp:`\"RETR {filename}\"`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:248 +msgid "" +"A single parameter callable that is called for each block of data received, " +"with its single argument being the data as :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "一个针对所接收的每个数据块被调用的单形参可调用对象，其唯一参数即 :class:`bytes` 类型的数据。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:254 +msgid "" +"The maximum chunk size to read on the low-level :class:`~socket.socket` " +"object created to do the actual transfer. This also corresponds to the " +"largest size of data that will be passed to *callback*. Defaults to " +"``8192``." +msgstr "" +"在为进行实际传输而创建的底层 :class:`~socket.socket` 对象上读取的块尺寸最大值。 这也对应于将要传给 *callback* " +"的数据尺寸最大值。 默认为 ``8192``。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:261 ../../library/ftplib.rst:308 +msgid "" +"A ``REST`` command to be sent to the server. See the documentation for the " +"*rest* parameter of the :meth:`transfercmd` method." +msgstr "要发送给服务器的 ``REST`` 命令。 参见 :meth:`transfercmd` 方法的 *rest* 形参的文档。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Retrieve a file or directory listing in the encoding specified by the " +"*encoding* parameter at initialization. *cmd* should be an appropriate " +"``RETR`` command (see :meth:`retrbinary`) or a command such as ``LIST`` or " +"``NLST`` (usually just the string ``'LIST'``). ``LIST`` retrieves a list of " +"files and information about those files. ``NLST`` retrieves a list of file " +"names. The *callback* function is called for each line with a string " +"argument containing the line with the trailing CRLF stripped. The default " +"*callback* prints the line to :data:`sys.stdout`." +msgstr "" +"以在初始化时由 *encoding* 形参指定的编码格式获取文件或目录列表。 *cmd* 应为一个适当的 ``RETR`` 命令 (参见 " +":meth:`retrbinary`) 或是像 ``LIST`` 或 ``NLST`` 这样的命令 (通常即字符串 ``'LIST'``)。 " +"``LIST`` 将获取一个包含文件名及文件相关信息的列表。 ``NLST`` 将获取一个文件名的列表。 *callback* " +"函数将针对每一行被调用并附带一个包含去除了末尾 CRLF 的行的字符串参数。 默认的 *callback* 会将行内容打印到 " +":data:`sys.stdout`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Enable \"passive\" mode if *val* is true, otherwise disable passive mode. " +"Passive mode is on by default." +msgstr "如果 *val* 为 true，则打开“被动”模式，否则禁用被动模式。默认下被动模式是打开的。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:287 +msgid "Store a file in binary transfer mode." +msgstr "以二进制传输模式存储一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:289 +msgid "An appropriate ``STOR`` command: :samp:`\"STOR {filename}\"`." +msgstr "一个正确的 ``STOR`` 命令: :samp:`\"STOR {filename}\"`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:292 +msgid "" +"A file object (opened in binary mode) which is read until EOF, using its " +":meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read` method in blocks of size *blocksize* to provide " +"the data to be stored." +msgstr "" +"一个被读取直至 EOF 的文件对象（以二进制模式打开），使用其 :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read` 方法以大小为 " +"*blocksize* 的块来提供要存储的数据。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:298 +msgid "The read block size. Defaults to ``8192``." +msgstr "读取块的大小。 默认为 ``8192``。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:302 +msgid "" +"A single parameter callable that is called for each block of data sent, with" +" its single argument being the data as :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "一个针对所发送的每个数据块被调用的单形参可调用对象，其唯一参数即 :class:`bytes` 类型的数据。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:312 +msgid "The *rest* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *rest* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Store a file in line mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate ``STOR`` command " +"(see :meth:`storbinary`). Lines are read until EOF from the :term:`file " +"object` *fp* (opened in binary mode) using its :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` " +"method to provide the data to be stored. *callback* is an optional single " +"parameter callable that is called on each line after it is sent." +msgstr "" +"以文本行模式存储文件。*cmd* 应为恰当的 ``STOR`` 命令 (请参阅 :meth:`storbinary`)。 *fp* 是一个 " +":term:`文件对象 ` (以二进制模式打开)，将使用它的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` " +"方法读取它的每一行，用于提供要存储的数据，直到遇到 EOF。 可选参数 *callback* 是单参数函数，在每行发送后都会以该行作为参数来调用它。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:327 +msgid "" +"Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, " +"send an ``EPRT`` or ``PORT`` command and the transfer command specified by " +"*cmd*, and accept the connection. If the server is passive, send an " +"``EPSV`` or ``PASV`` command, connect to it, and start the transfer command." +" Either way, return the socket for the connection." +msgstr "" +"在 FTP 数据连接上开始传输数据。如果传输处于活动状态，传输命令由 *cmd* 指定，需发送 ``EPRT`` 或 ``PORT`` " +"命令，然后接受连接 (accept)。如果服务器是被动服务器，需发送 ``EPSV`` 或 ``PASV`` 命令，连接到服务器 " +"(connect)，然后启动传输命令。两种方式都将返回用于连接的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:333 +msgid "" +"If optional *rest* is given, a ``REST`` command is sent to the server, " +"passing *rest* as an argument. *rest* is usually a byte offset into the " +"requested file, telling the server to restart sending the file's bytes at " +"the requested offset, skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that " +"the :meth:`transfercmd` method converts *rest* to a string with the " +"*encoding* parameter specified at initialization, but no check is performed " +"on the string's contents. If the server does not recognize the ``REST`` " +"command, an :exc:`error_reply` exception will be raised. If this happens, " +"simply call :meth:`transfercmd` without a *rest* argument." +msgstr "" +"如果传入了可选参数 *rest*，则一条 ``REST`` 命令会被发送到服务器，并以 *rest* 作为参数。*rest* " +"通常表示请求文件中的字节偏移量，它告诉服务器重新开始发送文件的字节，从请求的偏移量处开始，跳过起始字节。但是请注意，:meth:`transfercmd`" +" 方法会将 *rest* 转换为字符串，但是不检查字符串的内容，转换用的编码是在初始化时指定的 *encoding* 参数。如果服务器无法识别 " +"``REST`` 命令，将引发 :exc:`error_reply` 异常。如果发生这种情况，只需不带 *rest* 参数调用 " +":meth:`transfercmd`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:346 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`transfercmd`, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the" +" expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, " +"``None`` will be returned as the expected size. *cmd* and *rest* means the " +"same thing as in :meth:`transfercmd`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`transfercmd`，但返回一个元组，包括数据连接和数据的预计大小。如果预计大小无法计算，则返回的预计大小为 " +"``None``。*cmd* 和 *rest* 的含义与 :meth:`transfercmd` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:354 +msgid "" +"List a directory in a standardized format by using ``MLSD`` command " +"(:rfc:`3659`). If *path* is omitted the current directory is assumed. " +"*facts* is a list of strings representing the type of information desired " +"(e.g. ``[\"type\", \"size\", \"perm\"]``). Return a generator object " +"yielding a tuple of two elements for every file found in path. First " +"element is the file name, the second one is a dictionary containing facts " +"about the file name. Content of this dictionary might be limited by the " +"*facts* argument but server is not guaranteed to return all requested facts." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``MLSD`` 命令以标准格式列出目录内容 (:rfc:`3659`)。如果省略 *path* 则使用当前目录。*facts* " +"是字符串列表，表示所需的信息类型（如 ``[\"type\", \"size\", \"perm\"]``）。返回一个生成器对象，每个在 path " +"中找到的文件都将在该对象中生成两个元素的元组。第一个元素是文件名，第二个元素是该文件的 facts 的字典。该字典的内容受 *facts* " +"参数限制，但不能保证服务器会返回所有请求的 facts。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Return a list of file names as returned by the ``NLST`` command. The " +"optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the current server " +"directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to " +"the ``NLST`` command." +msgstr "" +"返回一个文件名列表，文件名由 ``NLST`` 命令返回。可选参数 *argument* " +"是待列出的目录（默认为当前服务器目录）。可以使用多个参数，将非标准选项传递给 ``NLST`` 命令。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:373 ../../library/ftplib.rst:385 +msgid "If your server supports the command, :meth:`mlsd` offers a better API." +msgstr "如果目标服务器支持相关命令，那么 :meth:`mlsd` 提供的 API 更好。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Produce a directory listing as returned by the ``LIST`` command, printing it" +" to standard output. The optional *argument* is a directory to list " +"(default is the current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used " +"to pass non-standard options to the ``LIST`` command. If the last argument " +"is a function, it is used as a *callback* function as for :meth:`retrlines`;" +" the default prints to :data:`sys.stdout`. This method returns ``None``." +msgstr "" +"生成一个目录列表即 ``LIST`` 命令所返回的结果，将其打印到标准输出。 可选的 *argument* 是要列出的目录（默认为当前服务器目录）。 " +"可以使用多个参数将非标准选项传给 ``LIST`` 命令。 如果最后一个参数是个函数，它将被用作 *callback* 函数，与 " +":meth:`retrlines` 的类似；默认将打印到 :data:`sys.stdout`。 此方法将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:390 +msgid "Rename file *fromname* on the server to *toname*." +msgstr "将服务器上的文件 *fromname* 重命名为 *toname*。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:395 +msgid "" +"Remove the file named *filename* from the server. If successful, returns " +"the text of the response, otherwise raises :exc:`error_perm` on permission " +"errors or :exc:`error_reply` on other errors." +msgstr "" +"将服务器上名为 *filename* 的文件删除。如果删除成功，返回响应文本，如果删除失败，在权限错误时引发 " +":exc:`error_perm`，在其他错误时引发 :exc:`error_reply`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:402 +msgid "Set the current directory on the server." +msgstr "设置服务器端的当前目录。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:407 +msgid "Create a new directory on the server." +msgstr "在服务器上创建一个新目录。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:412 +msgid "Return the pathname of the current directory on the server." +msgstr "返回服务器上当前目录的路径。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:417 +msgid "Remove the directory named *dirname* on the server." +msgstr "将服务器上名为 *dirname* 的目录删除。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Request the size of the file named *filename* on the server. On success, " +"the size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise ``None`` is " +"returned. Note that the ``SIZE`` command is not standardized, but is " +"supported by many common server implementations." +msgstr "" +"请求服务器上名为 *filename* 的文件大小。成功后以整数返回文件大小，未成功则返回 ``None``。注意，``SIZE`` " +"不是标准命令，但通常许多服务器的实现都支持该命令。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:430 +msgid "" +"Send a ``QUIT`` command to the server and close the connection. This is the " +"\"polite\" way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the " +"server responds with an error to the ``QUIT`` command. This implies a call " +"to the :meth:`close` method which renders the :class:`FTP` instance useless " +"for subsequent calls (see below)." +msgstr "" +"向服务器发送 ``QUIT`` 命令并关闭连接。 这是关闭一个连接的“礼貌”方式，但是如果服务器对 ``QUIT`` " +"命令的响应带有错误消息则这会引发一个异常。 这意味着对 :meth:`close` 方法的调用，它将使得 :class:`FTP` " +"实例对后继调用无效（见下文）。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already" +" closed connection such as after a successful call to :meth:`~FTP.quit`. " +"After this call the :class:`FTP` instance should not be used any more (after" +" a call to :meth:`close` or :meth:`~FTP.quit` you cannot reopen the " +"connection by issuing another :meth:`login` method)." +msgstr "" +"单方面关闭连接。 这不该被应用于已经关闭的连接，例如成功调用 :meth:`~FTP.quit` 之后的连接。 在此调用之后 :class:`FTP` " +"实例不应被继续使用（在调用 :meth:`close` 或 :meth:`~FTP.quit` 之后你不能通过再次唤起 :meth:`login` " +"方法重新打开连接）。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:447 +msgid "FTP_TLS objects" +msgstr "FTP_TLS 对象" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:452 +msgid "" +"An :class:`FTP` subclass which adds TLS support to FTP as described in " +":rfc:`4217`. Connect to port 21 implicitly securing the FTP control " +"connection before authenticating." +msgstr "" +"一个为 FTP 添加如 :rfc:`4217` 所描述的 TLS 支持的 :class:`FTP` 的子类。 连接到 21 端口在身份验证之前隐式地确保" +" FTP 控制连接的安全。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:458 +msgid "" +"The user must explicitly secure the data connection by calling the " +":meth:`prot_p` method." +msgstr "用户必须通过调用 :meth:`prot_p` 方法显式地确保数据连接的安全。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:476 +msgid "" +"An SSL context object which allows bundling SSL configuration options, " +"certificates and private keys into a single, potentially long-lived, " +"structure. Please read :ref:`ssl-security` for best practices." +msgstr "" +"一个允许将 SSL 配置选项、证书和私钥打包至一个单独的、可以长久存在的结构体中的 SSL 上下文对象。 请参阅 :ref:`ssl-security`" +" 了解相关的最佳实践。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:483 +msgid "" +"A timeout in seconds for blocking operations like :meth:`~FTP.connect` " +"(default: the global default timeout setting)." +msgstr "一个用于阻塞操作如 :meth:`~FTP.connect` 的以秒数表示的超时值（默认值：全局默认超时设置）。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:497 +msgid "Added the *source_address* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *source_address* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:500 +msgid "" +"The class now supports hostname check with " +":attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`)." +msgstr "" +"该类现在支持使用 :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` 和 *服务器名称提示* (参见 " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`) 进行主机名检测。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:511 +msgid "The deprecated *keyfile* and *certfile* parameters have been removed." +msgstr "已弃用的 *keyfile* 和 *certfile* 形参已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:514 +msgid "Here's a sample session using the :class:`FTP_TLS` class::" +msgstr "以下是使用 :class:`FTP_TLS` 类的会话示例::" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:516 +msgid "" +">>> ftps = FTP_TLS('ftp.pureftpd.org')\n" +">>> ftps.login()\n" +"'230 Anonymous user logged in'\n" +">>> ftps.prot_p()\n" +"'200 Data protection level set to \"private\"'\n" +">>> ftps.nlst()\n" +"['6jack', 'OpenBSD', 'antilink', 'blogbench', 'bsdcam', 'clockspeed', 'djbdns-jedi', 'docs', 'eaccelerator-jedi', 'favicon.ico', 'francotone', 'fugu', 'ignore', 'libpuzzle', 'metalog', 'minidentd', 'misc', 'mysql-udf-global-user-variables', 'php-jenkins-hash', 'php-skein-hash', 'php-webdav', 'phpaudit', 'phpbench', 'pincaster', 'ping', 'posto', 'pub', 'public', 'public_keys', 'pure-ftpd', 'qscan', 'qtc', 'sharedance', 'skycache', 'sound', 'tmp', 'ucarp']" +msgstr "" +">>> ftps = FTP_TLS('ftp.pureftpd.org')\n" +">>> ftps.login()\n" +"'230 Anonymous user logged in'\n" +">>> ftps.prot_p()\n" +"'200 Data protection level set to \"private\"'\n" +">>> ftps.nlst()\n" +"['6jack', 'OpenBSD', 'antilink', 'blogbench', 'bsdcam', 'clockspeed', 'djbdns-jedi', 'docs', 'eaccelerator-jedi', 'favicon.ico', 'francotone', 'fugu', 'ignore', 'libpuzzle', 'metalog', 'minidentd', 'misc', 'mysql-udf-global-user-variables', 'php-jenkins-hash', 'php-skein-hash', 'php-webdav', 'phpaudit', 'phpbench', 'pincaster', 'ping', 'posto', 'pub', 'public', 'public_keys', 'pure-ftpd', 'qscan', 'qtc', 'sharedance', 'skycache', 'sound', 'tmp', 'ucarp']" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:524 +msgid "" +":class:`!FTP_TLS` class inherits from :class:`FTP`, defining these " +"additional methods and attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`!FTP_TLS` 类继承自 :class:`FTP`，它定义了下列额外方法和属性：" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:529 +msgid "The SSL version to use (defaults to :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`)." +msgstr "要使用的 SSL 版本 (默认为 :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`)。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:533 +msgid "" +"Set up a secure control connection by using TLS or SSL, depending on what is" +" specified in the :attr:`ssl_version` attribute." +msgstr "通过使用 TLS 或 SSL 来设置一个安全控制连接，具体取决于 :attr:`ssl_version` 属性是如何设置的。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:536 +msgid "" +"The method now supports hostname check with " +":attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`)." +msgstr "" +"该方法现在支持使用 :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` 和 *服务器名称提示* (参见 " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`) 进行主机名称检测。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Revert control channel back to plaintext. This can be useful to take " +"advantage of firewalls that know how to handle NAT with non-secure FTP " +"without opening fixed ports." +msgstr "将控制通道回复为纯文本。 这适用于发挥知道如何使用非安全 FTP 处理 NAT 而无需打开固定端口的防火墙的优势。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:551 +msgid "Set up secure data connection." +msgstr "设置加密数据连接。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:555 +msgid "Set up clear text data connection." +msgstr "设置明文数据连接。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:559 +msgid "Module variables" +msgstr "模块变量" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:563 +msgid "Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server." +msgstr "从服务器收到意外答复时，将引发本异常。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:568 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when an error code signifying a temporary error (response " +"codes in the range 400--499) is received." +msgstr "收到表示临时错误的错误代码（响应代码在 400--499 范围内）时，将引发本异常。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:574 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when an error code signifying a permanent error (response " +"codes in the range 500--599) is received." +msgstr "收到表示永久性错误的错误代码（响应代码在 500--599 范围内）时，将引发本异常。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:580 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not fit " +"the response specifications of the File Transfer Protocol, i.e. begin with a" +" digit in the range 1--5." +msgstr "从服务器收到不符合 FTP 响应规范的答复，比如以数字 1--5 开头时，将引发本异常。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:587 +msgid "" +"The set of all exceptions (as a tuple) that methods of :class:`FTP` " +"instances may raise as a result of problems with the FTP connection (as " +"opposed to programming errors made by the caller). This set includes the " +"four exceptions listed above as well as :exc:`OSError` and :exc:`EOFError`." +msgstr "" +"所有异常的集合（一个元组），由于 FTP 连接出现问题（并非调用者的编码错误），:class:`FTP` " +"实例的方法可能会引发这些异常。该集合包括上面列出的四个异常以及 :exc:`OSError` 和 :exc:`EOFError`。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:595 +msgid "Module :mod:`netrc`" +msgstr ":mod:`netrc` 模块" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:596 +msgid "" +"Parser for the :file:`.netrc` file format. The file :file:`.netrc` is " +"typically used by FTP clients to load user authentication information before" +" prompting the user." +msgstr "" +":file:`.netrc` 文件格式解析器。FTP 客户端在响应用户之前，通常使用 :file:`.netrc` 文件来加载用户认证信息。" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:9 +msgid "FTP" +msgstr "FTP" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:9 +msgid "protocol" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/ftplib.rst:9 +msgid "ftplib (standard module)" +msgstr "ftplib (标准模块)" diff --git a/library/functional.po b/library/functional.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a6322780 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/functional.po @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# zc Jin , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: zc Jin , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/functional.rst:3 +msgid "Functional Programming Modules" +msgstr "函数式编程模块" + +#: ../../library/functional.rst:5 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter provide functions and classes that " +"support a functional programming style, and general operations on callables." +msgstr "本章里描述的模块提供了函数和类，以支持函数式编程风格和在可调用对象上的通用操作。" + +#: ../../library/functional.rst:8 +msgid "The following modules are documented in this chapter:" +msgstr "本章包含以下模块的文档：" diff --git a/library/functions.po b/library/functions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0e912e44 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/functions.po @@ -0,0 +1,3936 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Konge , 2021 +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Woostundy , 2021 +# emrich , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# belingud <1170202353@qq.com>, 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# laazy , 2022 +# CCXXXI , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# sgqy , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# 择远 尹, 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:5 ../../library/functions.rst:11 +msgid "Built-in Functions" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter has a number of functions and types built into it " +"that are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order." +msgstr "Python 解释器内置了很多函数和类型，任何时候都能使用。以下按字母顺序给出列表。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**A**" +msgstr "**A**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`abs`" +msgstr ":func:`abs`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`aiter`" +msgstr ":func:`aiter`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`all`" +msgstr ":func:`all`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`anext`" +msgstr ":func:`anext`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`any`" +msgstr ":func:`any`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`ascii`" +msgstr ":func:`ascii`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**B**" +msgstr "**B**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`bin`" +msgstr ":func:`bin`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`bool`" +msgstr ":func:`bool`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`breakpoint`" +msgstr ":func:`breakpoint`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-bytearray|_" +msgstr "|func-bytearray|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-bytes|_" +msgstr "|func-bytes|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**C**" +msgstr "**C**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`callable`" +msgstr ":func:`callable`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`chr`" +msgstr ":func:`chr`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`classmethod`" +msgstr ":func:`classmethod`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`compile`" +msgstr ":func:`compile`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`complex`" +msgstr ":func:`complex`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**D**" +msgstr "**D**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`delattr`" +msgstr ":func:`delattr`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-dict|_" +msgstr "|func-dict|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`dir`" +msgstr ":func:`dir`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`divmod`" +msgstr ":func:`divmod`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**E**" +msgstr "**E**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`enumerate`" +msgstr ":func:`enumerate`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`eval`" +msgstr ":func:`eval`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`exec`" +msgstr ":func:`exec`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**F**" +msgstr "**F**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`filter`" +msgstr ":func:`filter`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`float`" +msgstr ":func:`float`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`format`" +msgstr ":func:`format`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-frozenset|_" +msgstr "|func-frozenset|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**G**" +msgstr "**G**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`getattr`" +msgstr ":func:`getattr`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`globals`" +msgstr ":func:`globals`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**H**" +msgstr "**H**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`hasattr`" +msgstr ":func:`hasattr`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`hash`" +msgstr ":func:`hash`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`help`" +msgstr ":func:`help`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`hex`" +msgstr ":func:`hex`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**I**" +msgstr "**I**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`id`" +msgstr ":func:`id`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`input`" +msgstr ":func:`input`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`int`" +msgstr ":func:`int`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`isinstance`" +msgstr ":func:`isinstance`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`issubclass`" +msgstr ":func:`issubclass`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`iter`" +msgstr ":func:`iter`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**L**" +msgstr "**L**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`len`" +msgstr ":func:`len`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-list|_" +msgstr "|func-list|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`locals`" +msgstr ":func:`locals`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**M**" +msgstr "**M**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`map`" +msgstr ":func:`map`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`max`" +msgstr ":func:`max`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-memoryview|_" +msgstr "|func-memoryview|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`min`" +msgstr ":func:`min`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**N**" +msgstr "**N**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`next`" +msgstr ":func:`next`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**O**" +msgstr "**O**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`object`" +msgstr ":func:`object`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`oct`" +msgstr ":func:`oct`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`open`" +msgstr ":func:`open`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`ord`" +msgstr ":func:`ord`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**P**" +msgstr "**P**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`pow`" +msgstr ":func:`pow`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`print`" +msgstr ":func:`print`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`property`" +msgstr ":func:`property`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**R**" +msgstr "**R**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-range|_" +msgstr "|func-range|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`repr`" +msgstr ":func:`repr`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`reversed`" +msgstr ":func:`reversed`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`round`" +msgstr ":func:`round`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**S**" +msgstr "**S**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-set|_" +msgstr "|func-set|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`setattr`" +msgstr ":func:`setattr`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`slice`" +msgstr ":func:`slice`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`sorted`" +msgstr ":func:`sorted`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`staticmethod`" +msgstr ":func:`staticmethod`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-str|_" +msgstr "|func-str|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`sum`" +msgstr ":func:`sum`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`super`" +msgstr ":func:`super`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**T**" +msgstr "**T**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "|func-tuple|_" +msgstr "|func-tuple|_" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`type`" +msgstr ":func:`type`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**V**" +msgstr "**V**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`vars`" +msgstr ":func:`vars`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**Z**" +msgstr "**Z**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`zip`" +msgstr ":func:`zip`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "**_**" +msgstr "**_**" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`__import__`" +msgstr ":func:`__import__`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Return the absolute value of a number. The argument may be an integer, a " +"floating-point number, or an object implementing :meth:`~object.__abs__`. If" +" the argument is a complex number, its magnitude is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回一个数字的绝对值。 参数可以是整数、浮点数或任何实现了 :meth:`~object.__abs__` 的对象。 如果参数是一个复数，则返回它的模。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Return an :term:`asynchronous iterator` for an :term:`asynchronous " +"iterable`. Equivalent to calling ``x.__aiter__()``." +msgstr "" +"返回 :term:`asynchronous iterable` 的 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 。相当于调用 " +"``x.__aiter__()``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:70 +msgid "Note: Unlike :func:`iter`, :func:`aiter` has no 2-argument variant." +msgstr "注意：与 :func:`iter` 不同，:func:`aiter` 没有两个参数的版本。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all elements of the *iterable* are true (or if the " +"iterable is empty). Equivalent to::" +msgstr "如果 *iterable* 的所有元素均为真值（或可迭代对象为空）则返回 ``True`` 。 等价于：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:79 +msgid "" +"def all(iterable):\n" +" for element in iterable:\n" +" if not element:\n" +" return False\n" +" return True" +msgstr "" +"def all(iterable):\n" +" for element in iterable:\n" +" if not element:\n" +" return False\n" +" return True" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:89 +msgid "" +"When awaited, return the next item from the given :term:`asynchronous " +"iterator`, or *default* if given and the iterator is exhausted." +msgstr "" +"当进入 await 状态时，从给定 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 返回下一数据项，迭代完毕则返回 *default*。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:92 +msgid "" +"This is the async variant of the :func:`next` builtin, and behaves " +"similarly." +msgstr "这是内置函数 :func:`next` 的异步版本，类似于：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:95 +msgid "" +"This calls the :meth:`~object.__anext__` method of *async_iterator*, " +"returning an :term:`awaitable`. Awaiting this returns the next value of the " +"iterator. If *default* is given, it is returned if the iterator is " +"exhausted, otherwise :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` is raised." +msgstr "" +"调用 *async_iterator* 的 :meth:`~object.__anext__` 方法，返回一个 " +":term:`awaitable`。等待返回迭代器的下一个值。若有给出 *default*，则在迭代完毕后会返回给出的值，否则会触发 " +":exc:`StopAsyncIteration`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if any element of the *iterable* is true. If the iterable " +"is empty, return ``False``. Equivalent to::" +msgstr "如果 *iterable* 的任一元素为真值则返回 ``True``。 如果可迭代对象为空，返回 ``False``。 等价于::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:107 +msgid "" +"def any(iterable):\n" +" for element in iterable:\n" +" if element:\n" +" return True\n" +" return False" +msgstr "" +"def any(iterable):\n" +" for element in iterable:\n" +" if element:\n" +" return True\n" +" return False" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:116 +msgid "" +"As :func:`repr`, return a string containing a printable representation of an" +" object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string returned by " +":func:`repr` using ``\\x``, ``\\u``, or ``\\U`` escapes. This generates a " +"string similar to that returned by :func:`repr` in Python 2." +msgstr "" +"与 :func:`repr` 类似，返回一个包含对象的可打印表示形式的字符串，但是使用 ``\\x``、``\\u`` 和 ``\\U`` 对 " +":func:`repr` 返回的字符串中非 ASCII 编码的字符进行转义。生成的字符串和 Python 2 的 :func:`repr` " +"返回的结果相似。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Convert an integer number to a binary string prefixed with \"0b\". The " +"result is a valid Python expression. If *x* is not a Python :class:`int` " +"object, it has to define an :meth:`~object.__index__` method that returns an" +" integer. Some examples:" +msgstr "" +"将一个整数转换为带前缀 \"0b\" 的二进制数字符串。 结果是一个合法的 Python 表达式。 如果 *x* 不是一个 Python " +":class:`int` 对象，则它必须定义返回一个整数的 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法。 下面是一些例子:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:134 +msgid "" +"If the prefix \"0b\" is desired or not, you can use either of the following " +"ways." +msgstr "若要控制是否显示前缀“0b”，可以采用以下两种方案：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:141 ../../library/functions.rst:942 +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1323 +msgid "See also :func:`format` for more information." +msgstr "另见 :func:`format` 获取更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Return a Boolean value, i.e. one of ``True`` or ``False``. The argument is " +"converted using the standard :ref:`truth testing procedure `. If the " +"argument is false or omitted, this returns ``False``; otherwise, it returns " +"``True``. The :class:`bool` class is a subclass of :class:`int` (see " +":ref:`typesnumeric`). It cannot be subclassed further. Its only instances " +"are ``False`` and ``True`` (see :ref:`typebool`)." +msgstr "" +"返回布尔值，即 ``True`` 或 ``False`` 中的一个。 其参数将使用标准的 :ref:`真值测试过程 ` 来转换。 " +"如果该参数为假值或被省略，则返回 ``False``；在其他情况下，将返回 ``True``。 :class:`bool` 类是 " +":class:`int` 的子类 (参见 :ref:`typesnumeric`)。 它不能被继续子类化。 它只有 ``False`` 和 " +"``True`` 这两个实例 (参见 :ref:`typebool`)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:156 ../../library/functions.rst:807 +msgid "The parameter is now positional-only." +msgstr "该形参现在为仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:161 +msgid "" +"This function drops you into the debugger at the call site. Specifically, " +"it calls :func:`sys.breakpointhook`, passing ``args`` and ``kws`` straight " +"through. By default, ``sys.breakpointhook()`` calls :func:`pdb.set_trace` " +"expecting no arguments. In this case, it is purely a convenience function " +"so you don't have to explicitly import :mod:`pdb` or type as much code to " +"enter the debugger. However, :func:`sys.breakpointhook` can be set to some " +"other function and :func:`breakpoint` will automatically call that, allowing" +" you to drop into the debugger of choice. If :func:`sys.breakpointhook` is " +"not accessible, this function will raise :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +"此函数会在调用位置进入调试器。 具体来说，它将调用 :func:`sys.breakpointhook`，直接传递 ``args`` 和 " +"``kws``。 在默认情况下，``sys.breakpointhook()`` 将不带参数地调用 :func:`pdb.set_trace`。 " +"在此情况下，它纯粹是一个便捷函数让你不必显式地导入 :mod:`pdb` 或键入过多代码即可进入调试器。 " +"不过，:func:`sys.breakpointhook` 也可被设置为某些其他函数并被 :func:`breakpoint` " +"自动调用，允许你进入选定的调试器。 如果 :func:`sys.breakpointhook` 不可用，此函数将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:173 +msgid "" +"By default, the behavior of :func:`breakpoint` can be changed with the " +":envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT` environment variable. See " +":func:`sys.breakpointhook` for usage details." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，:func:`breakpoint` 的行为可使用 :envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT` 环境变量来改变。 请参阅 " +":func:`sys.breakpointhook` 了解详细用法。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Note that this is not guaranteed if :func:`sys.breakpointhook` has been " +"replaced." +msgstr "请注意这并不保证 :func:`sys.breakpointhook` 会被替换。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``builtins.breakpoint`` with " +"argument ``breakpointhook``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``builtins.breakpoint`` 并附带参数 " +"``breakpointhook``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Return a new array of bytes. The :class:`bytearray` class is a mutable " +"sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. It has most of the usual " +"methods of mutable sequences, described in :ref:`typesseq-mutable`, as well " +"as most methods that the :class:`bytes` type has, see :ref:`bytes-methods`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 bytes 数组。 :class:`bytearray` 类是一个可变序列，包含范围为 0 <= x < 256 " +"的整数。它有可变序列大部分常见的方法，见 :ref:`typesseq-mutable` 的描述；同时有 :class:`bytes` " +"类型的大部分方法，参见 :ref:`bytes-methods`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The optional *source* parameter can be used to initialize the array in a few" +" different ways:" +msgstr "可选形参 *source* 可以用不同的方式来初始化数组：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:198 +msgid "" +"If it is a *string*, you must also give the *encoding* (and optionally, " +"*errors*) parameters; :func:`bytearray` then converts the string to bytes " +"using :meth:`str.encode`." +msgstr "" +"如果是一个 *string*，您必须提供 *encoding* 参数（*errors* 参数仍是可选的）；:func:`bytearray` 会使用 " +":meth:`str.encode` 方法来将 string 转变成 bytes。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:202 +msgid "" +"If it is an *integer*, the array will have that size and will be initialized" +" with null bytes." +msgstr "如果是一个 *integer*，会初始化大小为该数字的数组，并使用 null 字节填充。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:205 +msgid "" +"If it is an object conforming to the :ref:`buffer interface " +"`, a read-only buffer of the object will be used to " +"initialize the bytes array." +msgstr "如果是一个遵循 :ref:`缓冲区接口 ` 的对象，该对象的只读缓冲区将被用来初始化字节数组。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:208 +msgid "" +"If it is an *iterable*, it must be an iterable of integers in the range ``0 " +"<= x < 256``, which are used as the initial contents of the array." +msgstr "如果是一个 *iterable* 可迭代对象，它的元素的范围必须是 ``0 <= x < 256`` 的整数，它会被用作数组的初始内容。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:211 +msgid "Without an argument, an array of size 0 is created." +msgstr "如果没有实参，则创建大小为 0 的数组。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:213 +msgid "See also :ref:`binaryseq` and :ref:`typebytearray`." +msgstr "另见 :ref:`binaryseq` 和 :ref:`typebytearray`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Return a new \"bytes\" object which is an immutable sequence of integers in " +"the range ``0 <= x < 256``. :class:`bytes` is an immutable version of " +":class:`bytearray` -- it has the same non-mutating methods and the same " +"indexing and slicing behavior." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的“bytes”对象，这是一个不可变序列，包含范围为 ``0 <= x < 256`` 的整数。:class:`bytes` 是 " +":class:`bytearray` 的不可变版本——带有同样不改变序列的方法，支持同样的索引、切片操作。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Accordingly, constructor arguments are interpreted as for :func:`bytearray`." +msgstr "因此，构造函数的实参和 :func:`bytearray` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:229 +msgid "Bytes objects can also be created with literals, see :ref:`strings`." +msgstr "字节对象还可以用字面值创建，参见 :ref:`strings`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:231 +msgid "See also :ref:`binaryseq`, :ref:`typebytes`, and :ref:`bytes-methods`." +msgstr "另见 :ref:`binaryseq`，:ref:`typebytes` 和 :ref:`bytes-methods`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the *object* argument appears callable, " +":const:`False` if not. If this returns ``True``, it is still possible that " +"a call fails, but if it is ``False``, calling *object* will never succeed. " +"Note that classes are callable (calling a class returns a new instance); " +"instances are callable if their class has a :meth:`~object.__call__` method." +msgstr "" +"如果 *object* 参数是可调用的则返回 :const:`True`，否则返回 :const:`False`。 如果返回 " +"``True``，调用仍可能失败，但如果返回 ``False``，则调用 *object* 肯定不会成功。 " +"请注意类是可调用的（调用类将返回一个新的实例）；如果实例所属的类有 :meth:`~object.__call__` 方法则它就是可调用的。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:242 +msgid "" +"This function was first removed in Python 3.0 and then brought back in " +"Python 3.2." +msgstr "这个函数一开始在 Python 3.0 被移除了，但在 Python 3.2 被重新加入。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Return the string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the " +"integer *i*. For example, ``chr(97)`` returns the string ``'a'``, while " +"``chr(8364)`` returns the string ``'€'``. This is the inverse of " +":func:`ord`." +msgstr "" +"返回 Unicode 码位为整数 *i* 的字符的字符串格式。例如，``chr(97)`` 返回字符串 ``'a'``，``chr(8364)`` " +"返回字符串 ``'€'``。这是 :func:`ord` 的逆函数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The valid range for the argument is from 0 through 1,114,111 (0x10FFFF in " +"base 16). :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if *i* is outside that range." +msgstr "" +"实参的合法范围是 0 到 1,114,111（16 进制表示是 0x10FFFF）。如果 *i* 超过这个范围，会触发 " +":exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:259 +msgid "Transform a method into a class method." +msgstr "把一个方法封装成类方法。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:261 +msgid "" +"A class method receives the class as an implicit first argument, just like " +"an instance method receives the instance. To declare a class method, use " +"this idiom::" +msgstr "类方法隐含的第一个参数就是类，就像实例方法接收实例作为参数一样。要声明一个类方法，按惯例请使用以下方案：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:265 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def f(cls, arg1, arg2): ..." +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def f(cls, arg1, arg2): ..." + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The ``@classmethod`` form is a function :term:`decorator` -- see " +":ref:`function` for details." +msgstr "" +"``@classmethod`` 这样的形式称为函数的 :term:`decorator` -- 详情参阅 :ref:`function`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:272 +msgid "" +"A class method can be called either on the class (such as ``C.f()``) or on " +"an instance (such as ``C().f()``). The instance is ignored except for its " +"class. If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class " +"object is passed as the implied first argument." +msgstr "" +"类方法的调用可以在类上进行 (例如 ``C.f()``) 也可以在实例上进行 (例如 ``C().f()``)。 其所属类以外的类实例会被忽略。 " +"如果类方法在其所属类的派生类上调用，则该派生类对象会被作为隐含的第一个参数被传入。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods. If you want " +"those, see :func:`staticmethod` in this section. For more information on " +"class methods, see :ref:`types`." +msgstr "" +"类方法与 C++ 或 Java 中的静态方法不同。 如果你需要后者，请参阅本节中的 :func:`staticmethod`。 " +"有关类方法的更多信息，请参阅 :ref:`types`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Class methods can now wrap other :term:`descriptors ` such as " +":func:`property`." +msgstr "类方法现在可以包装其他 :term:`描述器 ` 例如 :func:`property`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Class methods now inherit the method attributes " +"(:attr:`~function.__module__`, :attr:`~function.__name__`, " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__` and " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`) and have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute." +msgstr "" +"类方法现在继承了方法的属性 (:attr:`~function.__module__`, :attr:`~function.__name__`, " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__` 和 " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`) 并具有新的 ``__wrapped__`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Class methods can no longer wrap other :term:`descriptors ` such" +" as :func:`property`." +msgstr "类方法不再可以包装其他 :term:`descriptors ` 例如 :func:`property`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Compile the *source* into a code or AST object. Code objects can be " +"executed by :func:`exec` or :func:`eval`. *source* can either be a normal " +"string, a byte string, or an AST object. Refer to the :mod:`ast` module " +"documentation for information on how to work with AST objects." +msgstr "" +"将 *source* 编译成代码或 AST 对象。代码对象可以被 :func:`exec` 或 :func:`eval` 执行。*source* " +"可以是常规的字符串、字节字符串，或者 AST 对象。参见 :mod:`ast` 模块的文档了解如何使用 AST 对象。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:304 +msgid "" +"The *filename* argument should give the file from which the code was read; " +"pass some recognizable value if it wasn't read from a file (``''`` " +"is commonly used)." +msgstr "" +"*filename* 实参需要是代码读取的文件名；如果代码不需要从文件中读取，可以传入一些可辨识的值（经常会使用 ``''``）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:308 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument specifies what kind of code must be compiled; it can be " +"``'exec'`` if *source* consists of a sequence of statements, ``'eval'`` if " +"it consists of a single expression, or ``'single'`` if it consists of a " +"single interactive statement (in the latter case, expression statements that" +" evaluate to something other than ``None`` will be printed)." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 实参指定了编译代码必须用的模式。如果 *source* 是语句序列，可以是 ``'exec'``；如果是单一表达式，可以是 " +"``'eval'``；如果是单个交互式语句，可以是 ``'single'``。（在最后一种情况下，如果表达式执行结果不是 ``None`` " +"将会被打印出来。）" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:314 +msgid "" +"The optional arguments *flags* and *dont_inherit* control which " +":ref:`compiler options ` should be activated and which " +":ref:`future features ` should be allowed. If neither is present (or" +" both are zero) the code is compiled with the same flags that affect the " +"code that is calling :func:`compile`. If the *flags* argument is given and " +"*dont_inherit* is not (or is zero) then the compiler options and the future " +"statements specified by the *flags* argument are used in addition to those " +"that would be used anyway. If *dont_inherit* is a non-zero integer then the " +"*flags* argument is it -- the flags (future features and compiler options) " +"in the surrounding code are ignored." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *flags* 和 *dont_inherit* 控制应当激活哪个 :ref:`编译器选项 ` " +"以及应当允许哪个 :ref:`future 特性 `。 如果两者都未提供 (或都为零) 则代码会应用与调用 " +":func:`compile` 的代码相同的旗标来编译。 如果给出了 *flags* 参数而未给出 *dont_inherit* (或者为零) " +"则会在无论如何都将被使用的旗标之外还会额外使用 *flags* 参数所指定的编译器选项和 future 语句。 如果 *dont_inherit* " +"为非零整数，则只使用 *flags* 参数 -- 外围代码中的旗标 (future 特性和编译器选项) 会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Compiler options and future statements are specified by bits which can be " +"bitwise ORed together to specify multiple options. The bitfield required to " +"specify a given future feature can be found as the " +":attr:`~__future__._Feature.compiler_flag` attribute on the " +":class:`~__future__._Feature` instance in the :mod:`__future__` module. " +":ref:`Compiler flags ` can be found in :mod:`ast` " +"module, with ``PyCF_`` prefix." +msgstr "" +"编译器选项和 future 语句是由比特位来指明的。 比特位可以通过一起按位 OR 来指明多个选项。 指明特定 future 特性所需的比特位可以在 " +":mod:`__future__` 模块的 :class:`~__future__._Feature` 实例的 " +":attr:`~__future__._Feature.compiler_flag` 属性中找到。 :ref:`编译器旗标 ` 可以在 :mod:`ast` 模块中查找带有 ``PyCF_`` 前缀的名称。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The argument *optimize* specifies the optimization level of the compiler; " +"the default value of ``-1`` selects the optimization level of the " +"interpreter as given by :option:`-O` options. Explicit levels are ``0`` (no" +" optimization; ``__debug__`` is true), ``1`` (asserts are removed, " +"``__debug__`` is false) or ``2`` (docstrings are removed too)." +msgstr "" +"*optimize* 实参指定编译器的优化级别；默认值 ``-1`` 选择与解释器的 :option:`-O` 选项相同的优化级别。显式级别为 " +"``0`` （没有优化；``__debug__`` 为真）、``1`` （断言被删除， ``__debug__`` 为假）或 ``2`` " +"（文档字符串也被删除）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:339 +msgid "" +"This function raises :exc:`SyntaxError` if the compiled source is invalid, " +"and :exc:`ValueError` if the source contains null bytes." +msgstr "" +"如果编译的源码不合法，此函数会触发 :exc:`SyntaxError` 异常；如果源码包含 null 字节，则会触发 " +":exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:342 +msgid "" +"If you want to parse Python code into its AST representation, see " +":func:`ast.parse`." +msgstr "如果您想分析 Python 代码的 AST 表示，请参阅 :func:`ast.parse`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:345 ../../library/functions.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``compile`` with arguments " +"``source`` and ``filename``. This event may also be raised by implicit " +"compilation." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``compile`` 附带参数 ``source`` 和 ``filename``。 " +"此事件也可通过隐式编译来引发。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:353 +msgid "" +"When compiling a string with multi-line code in ``'single'`` or ``'eval'`` " +"mode, input must be terminated by at least one newline character. This is " +"to facilitate detection of incomplete and complete statements in the " +":mod:`code` module." +msgstr "" +"在 ``'single'`` 或 ``'eval'`` 模式编译多行代码字符串时，输入必须以至少一个换行符结尾。 这使 :mod:`code` " +"模块更容易检测语句的完整性。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:360 +msgid "" +"It is possible to crash the Python interpreter with a sufficiently " +"large/complex string when compiling to an AST object due to stack depth " +"limitations in Python's AST compiler." +msgstr "在将足够大或者足够复杂的字符串编译成 AST 对象时，Python 解释器有可能因为 Python AST 编译器的栈深度限制而崩溃。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Allowed use of Windows and Mac newlines. Also, input in ``'exec'`` mode " +"does not have to end in a newline anymore. Added the *optimize* parameter." +msgstr "" +"Windows 和 Mac 的换行符均可使用。而且在 ``'exec'`` 模式下的输入不必再以换行符结尾了。另增加了 *optimize* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Previously, :exc:`TypeError` was raised when null bytes were encountered in " +"*source*." +msgstr "之前 *source* 中包含 null 字节的话会触发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:372 +msgid "" +"``ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` can now be passed in flags to enable " +"support for top-level ``await``, ``async for``, and ``async with``." +msgstr "" +"``ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` 现在可在旗标中传入以启用对最高层级 ``await``, ``async " +"for`` 和 ``async with`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:381 +msgid "" +"Convert a single string or number to a complex number, or create a complex " +"number from real and imaginary parts." +msgstr "将特定的字符串或数字转换为一个复数，或基于特定的实部和虚部创建一个复数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:384 ../../library/functions.rst:752 +#: ../../library/functions.rst:998 +msgid "Examples:" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:386 +msgid "" +">>> complex('+1.23')\n" +"(1.23+0j)\n" +">>> complex('-4.5j')\n" +"-4.5j\n" +">>> complex('-1.23+4.5j')\n" +"(-1.23+4.5j)\n" +">>> complex('\\t( -1.23+4.5J )\\n')\n" +"(-1.23+4.5j)\n" +">>> complex('-Infinity+NaNj')\n" +"(-inf+nanj)\n" +">>> complex(1.23)\n" +"(1.23+0j)\n" +">>> complex(imag=-4.5)\n" +"-4.5j\n" +">>> complex(-1.23, 4.5)\n" +"(-1.23+4.5j)" +msgstr "" +">>> complex('+1.23')\n" +"(1.23+0j)\n" +">>> complex('-4.5j')\n" +"-4.5j\n" +">>> complex('-1.23+4.5j')\n" +"(-1.23+4.5j)\n" +">>> complex('\\t( -1.23+4.5J )\\n')\n" +"(-1.23+4.5j)\n" +">>> complex('-Infinity+NaNj')\n" +"(-inf+nanj)\n" +">>> complex(1.23)\n" +"(1.23+0j)\n" +">>> complex(imag=-4.5)\n" +"-4.5j\n" +">>> complex(-1.23, 4.5)\n" +"(-1.23+4.5j)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:405 +msgid "" +"If the argument is a string, it must contain either a real part (in the same" +" format as for :func:`float`) or an imaginary part (in the same format but " +"with a ``'j'`` or ``'J'`` suffix), or both real and imaginary parts (the " +"sign of the imaginary part is mandatory in this case). The string can " +"optionally be surrounded by whitespaces and the round parentheses ``'('`` " +"and ``')'``, which are ignored. The string must not contain whitespace " +"between ``'+'``, ``'-'``, the ``'j'`` or ``'J'`` suffix, and the decimal " +"number. For example, ``complex('1+2j')`` is fine, but ``complex('1 + 2j')`` " +"raises :exc:`ValueError`. More precisely, the input must conform to the " +":token:`~float:complexvalue` production rule in the following grammar, after" +" parentheses and leading and trailing whitespace characters are removed:" +msgstr "" +"如果该参数为字符串，则它必须包含一个实部（使用与 :func:`float` 相同的格式）或一个虚部（使用相同的格式但带有 ``'j'`` 或 " +"``'J'`` 后缀），或者同时包含实部和虚部（在此情况下虚部必须加上正负号）。 该字符串首尾可以选择加上空格和圆括号 ``'('`` and " +"``')'``，它们将会被忽略。 该字符串的, which are ignored. The string must not contain " +"whitespace between ``'+'``, ``'-'``, ``'j'`` 或 ``'J'`` 后缀以及十进制数字之间不可包含空格。 " +"例如，``complex('1+2j')`` 是可以的，但 ``complex('1 + 2j')`` 则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 " +"更准确地说，输入在移除圆括号以及开头和末尾的空格符之后，必须符合使用以下语法的 :token:`~float:complexvalue` 产生规则：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:424 +msgid "" +"If the argument is a number, the constructor serves as a numeric conversion " +"like :class:`int` and :class:`float`. For a general Python object ``x``, " +"``complex(x)`` delegates to ``x.__complex__()``. If " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` is not defined then it falls back to " +":meth:`~object.__float__`. If :meth:`!__float__` is not defined then it " +"falls back to :meth:`~object.__index__`." +msgstr "" +"如果该参数为数字，则此构造器将进行与 :class:`int` 和 :class:`float` 类似的数值转换。 对于一个普通的 Python 对象 " +"``x``，``complex(x)`` 会委托给 ``x.__complex__()``。 如果未定义 " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` 则它将回退至 :meth:`~object.__float__`。 如果未定义 " +":meth:`!__float__` 则它将回退至 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:433 +msgid "" +"If two arguments are provided or keyword arguments are used, each argument " +"may be any numeric type (including complex). If both arguments are real " +"numbers, return a complex number with the real component *real* and the " +"imaginary component *imag*. If both arguments are complex numbers, return a " +"complex number with the real component ``real.real-imag.imag`` and the " +"imaginary component ``real.imag+imag.real``. If one of arguments is a real " +"number, only its real component is used in the above expressions." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了两个参数或是使用了关键字参数，则每个参数可以为任意数字类型（包括复数）。 如果两个参数均为实数值，则会返回一个实部为 *real* 而虚部为 " +"*imag* 的复数。 如果两个参数均为复数值，则会返回一个实部为 ``real.real-imag.imag`` 而虚部为 " +"``real.imag+imag.real`` 的复数。 如果有一个参数为实数值，则上面的表达式中将只用到实部。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:443 +msgid "If all arguments are omitted, returns ``0j``." +msgstr "如果省略所有参数，则返回 ``0j``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:445 +msgid "The complex type is described in :ref:`typesnumeric`." +msgstr ":ref:`typesnumeric` 描述了复数类型。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:447 ../../library/functions.rst:804 +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1047 +msgid "Grouping digits with underscores as in code literals is allowed." +msgstr "您可以使用下划线将代码文字中的数字进行分组。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:450 +msgid "" +"Falls back to :meth:`~object.__index__` if :meth:`~object.__complex__` and " +":meth:`~object.__float__` are not defined." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`~object.__complex__` 和 :meth:`~object.__float__` 均未定义则回退至 " +":meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:457 +msgid "" +"This is a relative of :func:`setattr`. The arguments are an object and a " +"string. The string must be the name of one of the object's attributes. The" +" function deletes the named attribute, provided the object allows it. For " +"example, ``delattr(x, 'foobar')`` is equivalent to ``del x.foobar``. *name* " +"need not be a Python identifier (see :func:`setattr`)." +msgstr "" +"这是 :func:`setattr` 的相关函数。 其参数是一个对象和一个字符串。 其中字符串必须是对象的某个属性的名称。 " +"该函数会删除指定的属性，如果对象允许这样做的话。 例如，``delattr(x, 'foobar')`` 等价于 ``del x.foobar``。 " +"*name* 不要求必须是 Python 标识符 (参见 :func:`setattr`)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Create a new dictionary. The :class:`dict` object is the dictionary class. " +"See :class:`dict` and :ref:`typesmapping` for documentation about this " +"class." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的字典。:class:`dict` 对象是一个字典类。参见 :class:`dict` 和 :ref:`typesmapping` " +"了解这个类。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:473 +msgid "" +"For other containers see the built-in :class:`list`, :class:`set`, and " +":class:`tuple` classes, as well as the :mod:`collections` module." +msgstr "" +"其他容器类型，请参见内置的 :class:`list`、:class:`set` 和 :class:`tuple` 类，以及 " +":mod:`collections` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:480 +msgid "" +"Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope. " +"With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that " +"object." +msgstr "如果没有实参，则返回当前本地作用域中的名称列表。如果有实参，它会尝试返回该对象的有效属性列表。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:483 +msgid "" +"If the object has a method named :meth:`~object.__dir__`, this method will " +"be called and must return the list of attributes. This allows objects that " +"implement a custom :func:`~object.__getattr__` or " +":func:`~object.__getattribute__` function to customize the way :func:`dir` " +"reports their attributes." +msgstr "" +"如果对象有一个名为 :meth:`~object.__dir__` 的方法，则该方法将被调用并且必须返回由属列组成的列表。 这允许实现自定义This " +"allows objects that implement a custom :func:`~object.__getattr__` 或 " +":func:`~object.__getattribute__` 函数的对象能够定制 :func:`dir` 报告其属性的方式。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:490 +msgid "" +"If the object does not provide :meth:`~object.__dir__`, the function tries " +"its best to gather information from the object's :attr:`~object.__dict__` " +"attribute, if defined, and from its type object. The resulting list is not " +"necessarily complete and may be inaccurate when the object has a custom " +":func:`~object.__getattr__`." +msgstr "" +"如果对象未提供 :meth:`~object.__dir__`，该函数会尽量从对象所定义的 :attr:`~object.__dict__` " +"属性和其类型对象中收集信息。 结果列表不一定是完整的，并且当对象具有自定义的 :func:`~object.__getattr__` " +"时还可能是不准确的。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:496 +msgid "" +"The default :func:`dir` mechanism behaves differently with different types " +"of objects, as it attempts to produce the most relevant, rather than " +"complete, information:" +msgstr "默认的 :func:`dir` 机制对不同类型的对象行为不同，它会试图返回最相关而不是最全的信息：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:500 +msgid "" +"If the object is a module object, the list contains the names of the " +"module's attributes." +msgstr "如果对象是模块对象，则列表包含模块的属性名称。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:503 +msgid "" +"If the object is a type or class object, the list contains the names of its " +"attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its bases." +msgstr "如果对象是类型或类对象，则列表包含它们的属性名称，并且递归查找所有基类的属性。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, the list contains the object's attributes' names, the names of " +"its class's attributes, and recursively of the attributes of its class's " +"base classes." +msgstr "否则，列表包含对象的属性名称，它的类属性名称，并且递归查找它的类的所有基类的属性。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:510 +msgid "The resulting list is sorted alphabetically. For example:" +msgstr "返回的列表按字母表排序。例如：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Because :func:`dir` is supplied primarily as a convenience for use at an " +"interactive prompt, it tries to supply an interesting set of names more than" +" it tries to supply a rigorously or consistently defined set of names, and " +"its detailed behavior may change across releases. For example, metaclass " +"attributes are not in the result list when the argument is a class." +msgstr "" +"因为 :func:`dir` " +"主要是为了便于在交互式时使用，所以它会试图返回人们感兴趣的名字集合，而不是试图保证结果的严格性或一致性，它具体的行为也可能在不同版本之间改变。例如，当实参是一个类时，metaclass" +" 的属性不包含在结果列表中。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Take two (non-complex) numbers as arguments and return a pair of numbers " +"consisting of their quotient and remainder when using integer division. " +"With mixed operand types, the rules for binary arithmetic operators apply. " +"For integers, the result is the same as ``(a // b, a % b)``. For floating-" +"point numbers the result is ``(q, a % b)``, where *q* is usually " +"``math.floor(a / b)`` but may be 1 less than that. In any case ``q * b + a " +"% b`` is very close to *a*, if ``a % b`` is non-zero it has the same sign as" +" *b*, and ``0 <= abs(a % b) < abs(b)``." +msgstr "" +"接受两个（非复数）数字作为参数并返回由当对其使用整数除法时的商和余数组成的数字对。 在混用不同的操作数类型时，则会应用二元算术运算符的规则。 " +"对于整数来说，结果与 ``(a // b, a % b)`` 相同。 对于浮点数来说则结果为 ``(q, a % b)``，其中 *q* 通常为 " +"``math.floor(a / b)`` 但可能会比它小 1。 在任何情况下 ``q * b + a % b`` 都非常接近 *a*，如果 ``a %" +" b`` 为非零值则它将具有与 *b* 相同的正负号，并且 ``0 <= abs(a % b) < abs(b)``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:552 +msgid "" +"Return an enumerate object. *iterable* must be a sequence, an " +":term:`iterator`, or some other object which supports iteration. The " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` method of the iterator returned by " +":func:`enumerate` returns a tuple containing a count (from *start* which " +"defaults to 0) and the values obtained from iterating over *iterable*." +msgstr "" +"返回一个枚举对象。*iterable* 必须是一个序列，或 :term:`iterator`，或其他支持迭代的对象。 :func:`enumerate`" +" 返回的迭代器的 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法返回一个元组，里面包含一个计数值（从 *start* 开始，默认为 " +"0）和通过迭代 *iterable* 获得的值。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:564 +msgid "Equivalent to::" +msgstr "等价于::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:566 +msgid "" +"def enumerate(iterable, start=0):\n" +" n = start\n" +" for elem in iterable:\n" +" yield n, elem\n" +" n += 1" +msgstr "" +"def enumerate(iterable, start=0):\n" +" n = start\n" +" for elem in iterable:\n" +" yield n, elem\n" +" n += 1" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "Parameters" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:576 +msgid "A Python expression." +msgstr "一个 Python 表达式。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:580 +msgid "The global namespace (default: ``None``)." +msgstr "全局命名空间 (默认值: ``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:584 +msgid "The local namespace (default: ``None``)." +msgstr "局部命名空间 (默认值: ``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "Returns" +msgstr "返回" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:588 +msgid "The result of the evaluated expression." +msgstr "被求值表达式的求值结果。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:0 +msgid "raises" +msgstr "引发" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:589 +msgid "Syntax errors are reported as exceptions." +msgstr "语法错误将作为异常被报告。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:593 ../../library/functions.rst:654 +msgid "" +"This function executes arbitrary code. Calling it with user-supplied input " +"may lead to security vulnerabilities." +msgstr "此函数可执行任意代码。 调用它时附带用户提供的输入可能导致安全弱点。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:596 +msgid "" +"The *expression* argument is parsed and evaluated as a Python expression " +"(technically speaking, a condition list) using the *globals* and *locals* " +"mappings as global and local namespace. If the *globals* dictionary is " +"present and does not contain a value for the key ``__builtins__``, a " +"reference to the dictionary of the built-in module :mod:`builtins` is " +"inserted under that key before *expression* is parsed. That way you can " +"control what builtins are available to the executed code by inserting your " +"own ``__builtins__`` dictionary into *globals* before passing it to " +":func:`eval`. If the *locals* mapping is omitted it defaults to the " +"*globals* dictionary. If both mappings are omitted, the expression is " +"executed with the *globals* and *locals* in the environment where " +":func:`eval` is called. Note, *eval()* will only have access to the " +":term:`nested scopes ` (non-locals) in the enclosing " +"environment if they are already referenced in the scope that is calling " +":func:`eval` (e.g. via a :keyword:`nonlocal` statement)." +msgstr "" +"*expression* 参数将作为一个 Python 表达式 (从技术上说，是一个条件列表) 使用 *globals* 和 *locals* " +"映射作为全局和局部命名空间被解析并求值。 如果 *globals* 字典存在并且不包含 ``__builtins__`` 键对应的值，则在 " +"*expression* 被解析之前会插入该键对应的指向内置模块 :mod:`builtins` 的字典的引用。 这样你就可以在将 *globals* " +"传给 :func:`eval` 之前通过向其传入你自己的 ``__builtins__`` 字典来控制被执行代码可以使用哪些内置对象。 如果 " +"*locals* 映射被省略则它将默认为 *globals* 字典。 如果两个映射都被省略，则将使用调用 :func:`eval` 所在环境中的 " +"*globals* 和 *locals* 来执行该表达式。 请注意，*eval()* 将只能访问所在环境中的 :term:`嵌套作用域 ` (非局部作用域)，如果它们已经在调用 :func:`eval` 的作用域中被引用的话 (例如通过 :keyword:`nonlocal`" +" 语句)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:612 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:618 +msgid "" +"This function can also be used to execute arbitrary code objects (such as " +"those created by :func:`compile`). In this case, pass a code object instead" +" of a string. If the code object has been compiled with ``'exec'`` as the " +"*mode* argument, :func:`eval`\\'s return value will be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"该函数还可用于执行任意代码对象（比如由 :func:`compile` 创建的对象）。 这时传入的是代码对象，而非一个字符串了。如果代码对象已用参数为" +" *mode* 的 ``'exec'`` 进行了编译，那么 :func:`eval` 的返回值将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:623 +msgid "" +"Hints: dynamic execution of statements is supported by the :func:`exec` " +"function. The :func:`globals` and :func:`locals` functions return the " +"current global and local dictionary, respectively, which may be useful to " +"pass around for use by :func:`eval` or :func:`exec`." +msgstr "" +"提示： :func:`exec` 函数支持语句的动态执行。 :func:`globals` 和 :func:`locals` " +"函数分别返回当前的全局和本地字典，可供传给 :func:`eval` 或 :func:`exec` 使用。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:628 +msgid "" +"If the given source is a string, then leading and trailing spaces and tabs " +"are stripped." +msgstr "如果给出的源数据是个字符串，那么其前后的空格和制表符将被剔除。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:631 +msgid "" +"See :func:`ast.literal_eval` for a function that can safely evaluate strings" +" with expressions containing only literals." +msgstr "另外可以参阅 :func:`ast.literal_eval`，该函数可以安全执行仅包含文字的表达式字符串。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:634 ../../library/functions.rst:636 +#: ../../library/functions.rst:696 ../../library/functions.rst:698 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``exec`` with the code object as " +"the argument. Code compilation events may also be raised." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``exec`` 附带代码对象作为参数。 代码编译事件也可能被引发。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:641 ../../library/functions.rst:718 +msgid "The *globals* and *locals* arguments can now be passed as keywords." +msgstr "现在可以将 *globals* 和 *locals* 作为关键字参数传入。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:645 ../../library/functions.rst:722 +msgid "" +"The semantics of the default *locals* namespace have been adjusted as " +"described for the :func:`locals` builtin." +msgstr "默认 *locals* 命名空间的语义已被调整为与 :func:`locals` 内置函数的描述一致。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:657 +msgid "" +"This function supports dynamic execution of Python code. *source* must be " +"either a string or a code object. If it is a string, the string is parsed " +"as a suite of Python statements which is then executed (unless a syntax " +"error occurs). [#]_ If it is a code object, it is simply executed. In all " +"cases, the code that's executed is expected to be valid as file input (see " +"the section :ref:`file-input` in the Reference Manual). Be aware that the " +":keyword:`nonlocal`, :keyword:`yield`, and :keyword:`return` statements may" +" not be used outside of function definitions even within the context of code" +" passed to the :func:`exec` function. The return value is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"这个函数支持动态执行 Python 代码。 *source* 必须是字符串或代码对象。 如果是字符串，那么该字符串将被解析为一组 Python " +"语句并随即被执行（除非发生语法错误）。 [#]_ 如果是代码对象，那么它将被直接执行。 在所有情况下，被执行的代码都应当是有效的文件输入（见参考手册中的" +" :ref:`file-input` 一节）。 请注意即使是在传递给 :func:`exec` 函数的代码的上下文中 " +":keyword:`nonlocal`, :keyword:`yield` 和 :keyword:`return` 语句也不可在函数定义以外使用。 " +"函数的返回值为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:668 +msgid "" +"In all cases, if the optional parts are omitted, the code is executed in the" +" current scope. If only *globals* is provided, it must be a dictionary (and" +" not a subclass of dictionary), which will be used for both the global and " +"the local variables. If *globals* and *locals* are given, they are used for" +" the global and local variables, respectively. If provided, *locals* can be" +" any mapping object. Remember that at the module level, globals and locals " +"are the same dictionary." +msgstr "" +"在所有情况下，如果省略了可选部分，代码将在当前作用域中执行。 如果只提供了 " +"*globals*，则它必须是一个字典（并且不能是字典的子类），它将被同时用于全局和局部变量。 如果给出了 *globals* 和 " +"*locals*，它们将被分别用于全局和局部变量。 如果提供了 *locals*，它可以是任何映射对象。 请记住在模块层级上，globals 和 " +"locals 是同一个字典。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:678 +msgid "" +"When ``exec`` gets two separate objects as *globals* and *locals*, the code " +"will be executed as if it were embedded in a class definition. This means " +"functions and classes defined in the executed code will not be able to " +"access variables assigned at the top level (as the \"top level\" variables " +"are treated as class variables in a class definition)." +msgstr "" +"当 ``exec`` 获得两个不同的对象作为 *globals* 和 *locals* 时，代码被执行时就会像是嵌套在一个类定义中那样。 " +"这意味着在被执行代码中定义的函数和类将无法访问在最高层级上赋值的变量（因为“最高层级”变量会被当作是类定义中的类变量来对待）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:684 +msgid "" +"If the *globals* dictionary does not contain a value for the key " +"``__builtins__``, a reference to the dictionary of the built-in module " +":mod:`builtins` is inserted under that key. That way you can control what " +"builtins are available to the executed code by inserting your own " +"``__builtins__`` dictionary into *globals* before passing it to " +":func:`exec`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *globals* 字典不包含 ``__builtins__`` 键值，则将为该键插入对内建 :mod:`builtins` " +"模块字典的引用。因此，在将执行的代码传递给 :func:`exec` 之前，可以通过将自己的 ``__builtins__`` 字典插入到 " +"*globals* 中来控制可以使用哪些内置代码。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:690 +msgid "" +"The *closure* argument specifies a closure--a tuple of cellvars. It's only " +"valid when the *object* is a code object containing :term:`free (closure) " +"variables `. The length of the tuple must exactly match " +"the length of the code object's :attr:`~codeobject.co_freevars` attribute." +msgstr "" +"*closure* 参数指定了一个闭包 —— 一个单元变量的元组。 它只有有 *object* 是一个包含 :term:`自由（闭包）变量 " +"` 的代码对象时才有效。 元组的长度必须与代码对象的 :attr:`~codeobject.co_freevars`" +" 属性的长度完全匹配。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:703 +msgid "" +"The built-in functions :func:`globals` and :func:`locals` return the current" +" global and local namespace, respectively, which may be useful to pass " +"around for use as the second and third argument to :func:`exec`." +msgstr "" +"内置函数 :func:`globals` 和 :func:`locals` 分别返回当前的全局和局部字典，这在用作 :func:`exec` " +"的第二个和第三个参数进行传递时会很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:709 +msgid "" +"The default *locals* act as described for function :func:`locals` below. " +"Pass an explicit *locals* dictionary if you need to see effects of the code " +"on *locals* after function :func:`exec` returns." +msgstr "" +"默认的 *locals* 行为与下面 :func:`locals` 函数所描述的一样。 如果你需要在 :func:`exec` 返回之后查看代码对 " +"*locals* 的影响可以显式地传入一个 *locals* 字典。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:713 +msgid "Added the *closure* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *closure* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:728 +msgid "" +"Construct an iterator from those elements of *iterable* for which *function*" +" is true. *iterable* may be either a sequence, a container which supports " +"iteration, or an iterator. If *function* is ``None``, the identity function" +" is assumed, that is, all elements of *iterable* that are false are removed." +msgstr "" +"使用 *iterable* 中 *function* 返回真值的元素构造一个迭代器。 *iterable* " +"可以是一个序列，一个支持迭代的容器或者一个迭代器。 如果 *function* 为 ``None``，则会使用标识号函数，也就是说，*iterable*" +" 中所有具有假值的元素都将被移除。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:734 +msgid "" +"Note that ``filter(function, iterable)`` is equivalent to the generator " +"expression ``(item for item in iterable if function(item))`` if function is " +"not ``None`` and ``(item for item in iterable if item)`` if function is " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"请注意， ``filter(function, iterable)`` 相当于一个生成器表达式，当 function 不是 ``None`` 的时候为 " +"``(item for item in iterable if function(item))``；function 是 ``None`` 的时候为 " +"``(item for item in iterable if item)`` 。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:739 +msgid "" +"See :func:`itertools.filterfalse` for the complementary function that " +"returns elements of *iterable* for which *function* is false." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :func:`itertools.filterfalse` 来了解返回 *iterable* 中 *function* " +"返回假值的元素的补充函数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:750 +msgid "Return a floating-point number constructed from a number or a string." +msgstr "返回基于一个数字或字符串构建的浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:754 +msgid "" +">>> float('+1.23')\n" +"1.23\n" +">>> float(' -12345\\n')\n" +"-12345.0\n" +">>> float('1e-003')\n" +"0.001\n" +">>> float('+1E6')\n" +"1000000.0\n" +">>> float('-Infinity')\n" +"-inf" +msgstr "" +">>> float('+1.23')\n" +"1.23\n" +">>> float(' -12345\\n')\n" +"-12345.0\n" +">>> float('1e-003')\n" +"0.001\n" +">>> float('+1E6')\n" +"1000000.0\n" +">>> float('-Infinity')\n" +"-inf" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:767 +msgid "" +"If the argument is a string, it should contain a decimal number, optionally " +"preceded by a sign, and optionally embedded in whitespace. The optional " +"sign may be ``'+'`` or ``'-'``; a ``'+'`` sign has no effect on the value " +"produced. The argument may also be a string representing a NaN (not-a-" +"number), or positive or negative infinity. More precisely, the input must " +"conform to the :token:`~float:floatvalue` production rule in the following " +"grammar, after leading and trailing whitespace characters are removed:" +msgstr "" +"如果该参数是一个字符串，则它应当包含一个十进制数字，前面可以选择带一个符号，也可以选择嵌入空格。 可选的符号有 ``'+'`` 或 " +"``'-'``；``'+'`` 符号对所产生的值没有影响。 该参数还可以是一个代表 NaN (not-a-number) 或者正负无穷大的字符串。 " +"更确切地说，在移除前导和尾随的空格之后，输入必须为符合以下语法的 :token:`~float:floatvalue` 产生规则：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:788 +msgid "" +"Case is not significant, so, for example, \"inf\", \"Inf\", \"INFINITY\", " +"and \"iNfINity\" are all acceptable spellings for positive infinity." +msgstr "大小写是无影响的，因此举例来说，\"inf\", \"Inf\", \"INFINITY\" 和 \"iNfINity\" 都是正无穷可接受的拼写形式。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:791 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, if the argument is an integer or a floating-point number, a " +"floating-point number with the same value (within Python's floating-point " +"precision) is returned. If the argument is outside the range of a Python " +"float, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised." +msgstr "" +"另一方面，如果参数是整数或浮点数，则返回一个具有相同值（在 Python 浮点精度范围内）的浮点数。 如果参数超出了 Python " +"浮点数的取值范围，则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:796 +msgid "" +"For a general Python object ``x``, ``float(x)`` delegates to " +"``x.__float__()``. If :meth:`~object.__float__` is not defined then it " +"falls back to :meth:`~object.__index__`." +msgstr "" +"对于一个普通 Python 对象 ``x``，``float(x)`` 会委托给 ``x.__float__()``。 如果 " +":meth:`~object.__float__` 未定义则将回退至 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:800 +msgid "If no argument is given, ``0.0`` is returned." +msgstr "如果没有实参，则返回 ``0.0`` 。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:802 +msgid "The float type is described in :ref:`typesnumeric`." +msgstr ":ref:`typesnumeric` 描述了浮点类型。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:810 +msgid "" +"Falls back to :meth:`~object.__index__` if :meth:`~object.__float__` is not " +"defined." +msgstr "如果 :meth:`~object.__float__` 未定义则回退至 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:820 +msgid "" +"Convert a *value* to a \"formatted\" representation, as controlled by " +"*format_spec*. The interpretation of *format_spec* will depend on the type " +"of the *value* argument; however, there is a standard formatting syntax that" +" is used by most built-in types: :ref:`formatspec`." +msgstr "" +"将 *value* 转换为“格式化后”的形式，格式由 *format_spec* 进行控制。*format_spec* 的解释方式取决于 *value*" +" 参数的类型；但大多数内置类型使用一种标准的格式化语法： :ref:`formatspec`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:825 +msgid "" +"The default *format_spec* is an empty string which usually gives the same " +"effect as calling :func:`str(value) `." +msgstr "默认的 *format_spec* 是一个空字符串，它通常给出与调用 :func:`str(value)` 相同的结果。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:828 +msgid "" +"A call to ``format(value, format_spec)`` is translated to " +"``type(value).__format__(value, format_spec)`` which bypasses the instance " +"dictionary when searching for the value's :meth:`~object.__format__` method." +" A :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised if the method search reaches " +":mod:`object` and the *format_spec* is non-empty, or if either the " +"*format_spec* or the return value are not strings." +msgstr "" +"对 ``format(value, format_spec)`` 的调用会转写为 ``type(value).__format__(value, " +"format_spec)``，这样在搜索值的 :meth:`~object.__format__` 方法时将绕过实例字典。 如果方法搜索到达 " +":mod:`object` 并且 *format_spec* 不为空，或者如果 *format_spec* 或返回值不为字符串则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:835 +msgid "" +"``object().__format__(format_spec)`` raises :exc:`TypeError` if " +"*format_spec* is not an empty string." +msgstr "" +"当 *format_spec* 不是空字符串时， ``object().__format__(format_spec)`` 会触发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:844 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`frozenset` object, optionally with elements taken from " +"*iterable*. ``frozenset`` is a built-in class. See :class:`frozenset` and " +":ref:`types-set` for documentation about this class." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`frozenset` 对象，它包含可选参数 *iterable* 中的元素。 ``frozenset`` " +"是一个内置的类。有关此类的文档，请参阅 :class:`frozenset` 和 :ref:`types-set`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:848 +msgid "" +"For other containers see the built-in :class:`set`, :class:`list`, " +":class:`tuple`, and :class:`dict` classes, as well as the :mod:`collections`" +" module." +msgstr "" +"请参阅内建的 :class:`set`、:class:`list`、:class:`tuple` 和 :class:`dict` 类，以及 " +":mod:`collections` 模块来了解其它的容器。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the named attribute of *object*. *name* must be a " +"string. If the string is the name of one of the object's attributes, the " +"result is the value of that attribute. For example, ``getattr(x, " +"'foobar')`` is equivalent to ``x.foobar``. If the named attribute does not " +"exist, *default* is returned if provided, otherwise :exc:`AttributeError` is" +" raised. *name* need not be a Python identifier (see :func:`setattr`)." +msgstr "" +"*object* 中指定名称的属性的值。 *name* 必须是字符串。 如果该字符串是对象的某一属性的名称，则结果将为该属性的值。 " +"例如，``getattr(x, 'foobar')`` 等同于 ``x.foobar``。 如果指定名称的属性不存在，则如果提供了 *default* " +"则返回该值，否则将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。 *name* 不必是一个 Python 标识符 (参见 " +":func:`setattr`)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:865 +msgid "" +"Since :ref:`private name mangling ` happens at " +"compilation time, one must manually mangle a private attribute's (attributes" +" with two leading underscores) name in order to retrieve it with " +":func:`getattr`." +msgstr "" +"由于 :ref:`私有名称混合 ` " +"发生在编译时，因此必须手动混合私有属性（以两个下划线打头的属性）名称以使用 :func:`getattr` 来提取它。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:873 +msgid "" +"Return the dictionary implementing the current module namespace. For code " +"within functions, this is set when the function is defined and remains the " +"same regardless of where the function is called." +msgstr "返回实现当前模块命名空间的字典。对于函数内的代码，这是在定义函数时设置的，无论函数在哪里被调用都保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:880 +msgid "" +"The arguments are an object and a string. The result is ``True`` if the " +"string is the name of one of the object's attributes, ``False`` if not. " +"(This is implemented by calling ``getattr(object, name)`` and seeing whether" +" it raises an :exc:`AttributeError` or not.)" +msgstr "" +"该实参是一个对象和一个字符串。如果字符串是对象的属性之一的名称，则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。（此功能是通过调用 " +"``getattr(object, name)`` 看是否有 :exc:`AttributeError` 异常来实现的。）" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:888 +msgid "" +"Return the hash value of the object (if it has one). Hash values are " +"integers. They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a " +"dictionary lookup. Numeric values that compare equal have the same hash " +"value (even if they are of different types, as is the case for 1 and 1.0)." +msgstr "" +"返回该对象的哈希值（如果它有的话）。哈希值是整数。它们在字典查找元素时用来快速比较字典的键。相同大小的数字变量有相同的哈希值（即使它们类型不同，如 1 " +"和 1.0）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:895 +msgid "" +"For objects with custom :meth:`~object.__hash__` methods, note that " +":func:`hash` truncates the return value based on the bit width of the host " +"machine." +msgstr "" +"对于具有自定义 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法的对象，请注意 :func:`hash` 会根据宿主机的字长来截断返回值。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:902 +msgid "" +"Invoke the built-in help system. (This function is intended for interactive" +" use.) If no argument is given, the interactive help system starts on the " +"interpreter console. If the argument is a string, then the string is looked" +" up as the name of a module, function, class, method, keyword, or " +"documentation topic, and a help page is printed on the console. If the " +"argument is any other kind of object, a help page on the object is " +"generated." +msgstr "" +"启动内置的帮助系统（此函数主要在交互式中使用）。如果没有实参，解释器控制台里会启动交互式帮助系统。如果实参是一个字符串，则在模块、函数、类、方法、关键字或文档主题中搜索该字符串，并在控制台上打印帮助信息。如果实参是其他任意对象，则会生成该对象的帮助页。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:909 +msgid "" +"Note that if a slash(/) appears in the parameter list of a function when " +"invoking :func:`help`, it means that the parameters prior to the slash are " +"positional-only. For more info, see :ref:`the FAQ entry on positional-only " +"parameters `." +msgstr "" +"请注意，如果在调用 :func:`help` 时，目标函数的形参列表中存在斜杠（/），则意味着斜杠之前的参数只能是位置参数。详情请参阅 " +":ref:`有关仅限位置形参的 FAQ 条目 `。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:914 +msgid "" +"This function is added to the built-in namespace by the :mod:`site` module." +msgstr "该函数通过 :mod:`site` 模块加入到内置命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:916 +msgid "" +"Changes to :mod:`pydoc` and :mod:`inspect` mean that the reported signatures" +" for callables are now more comprehensive and consistent." +msgstr ":mod:`pydoc` 和 :mod:`inspect` 的变更使得可调用对象的签名信息更加全面和一致。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:923 +msgid "" +"Convert an integer number to a lowercase hexadecimal string prefixed with " +"\"0x\". If *x* is not a Python :class:`int` object, it has to define an " +":meth:`~object.__index__` method that returns an integer. Some examples:" +msgstr "" +"将整数转换为带前缀 \"0x\" 前缀的小写十六进制数字符串。 如果 *x* 不是一个 Python :class:`int` " +"对象，则它必须定义返回一个整数的 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法。 下面是一些例子:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:932 +msgid "" +"If you want to convert an integer number to an uppercase or lower " +"hexadecimal string with prefix or not, you can use either of the following " +"ways:" +msgstr "如果要将整数转换为大写或小写的十六进制字符串，并可选择有无“0x”前缀，则可以使用如下方法：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:944 +msgid "" +"See also :func:`int` for converting a hexadecimal string to an integer using" +" a base of 16." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`int` 将十六进制字符串转换为以 16 为基数的整数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:949 +msgid "" +"To obtain a hexadecimal string representation for a float, use the " +":meth:`float.hex` method." +msgstr "如果要获取浮点数的十六进制字符串形式，请使用 :meth:`float.hex` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:955 +msgid "" +"Return the \"identity\" of an object. This is an integer which is " +"guaranteed to be unique and constant for this object during its lifetime. " +"Two objects with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same :func:`id` " +"value." +msgstr "" +"返回对象的“标识值”。该值是一个整数，在此对象的生命周期中保证是唯一且恒定的。两个生命期不重叠的对象可能具有相同的 :func:`id` 值。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:960 +msgid "This is the address of the object in memory." +msgstr "这是对象在内存中的地址。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:962 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``builtins.id`` with argument " +"``id``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``builtins.id`` 并附带参数 ``id``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:968 +msgid "" +"If the *prompt* argument is present, it is written to standard output " +"without a trailing newline. The function then reads a line from input, " +"converts it to a string (stripping a trailing newline), and returns that. " +"When EOF is read, :exc:`EOFError` is raised. Example::" +msgstr "" +"如果存在 *prompt* " +"实参，则将其写入标准输出，末尾不带换行符。接下来，该函数从输入中读取一行，将其转换为字符串（除了末尾的换行符）并返回。当读取到 EOF 时，则触发 " +":exc:`EOFError`。例如::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:973 +msgid "" +">>> s = input('--> ')\n" +"--> Monty Python's Flying Circus\n" +">>> s\n" +"\"Monty Python's Flying Circus\"" +msgstr "" +">>> s = input('--> ')\n" +"--> Monty Python's Flying Circus\n" +">>> s\n" +"\"Monty Python's Flying Circus\"" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:978 +msgid "" +"If the :mod:`readline` module was loaded, then :func:`input` will use it to " +"provide elaborate line editing and history features." +msgstr "如果加载了 :mod:`readline` 模块，:func:`input` 将使用它来提供复杂的行编辑和历史记录功能。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:981 ../../library/functions.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``builtins.input`` with argument " +"``prompt`` before reading input" +msgstr "在读取输入前引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``builtins.input`` 附带参数 ``prompt``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:986 ../../library/functions.rst:988 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``builtins.input/result`` with " +"the result after successfully reading input." +msgstr "在成功读取输入之后引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``builtins.input/result`` 附带结果。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:995 +msgid "" +"Return an integer object constructed from a number or a string, or return " +"``0`` if no arguments are given." +msgstr "返回从一个数字或字符串构建的整数对象，或者如果未给出参数则返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1000 +msgid "" +">>> int(123.45)\n" +"123\n" +">>> int('123')\n" +"123\n" +">>> int(' -12_345\\n')\n" +"-12345\n" +">>> int('FACE', 16)\n" +"64206\n" +">>> int('0xface', 0)\n" +"64206\n" +">>> int('01110011', base=2)\n" +"115" +msgstr "" +">>> int(123.45)\n" +"123\n" +">>> int('123')\n" +"123\n" +">>> int(' -12_345\\n')\n" +"-12345\n" +">>> int('FACE', 16)\n" +"64206\n" +">>> int('0xface', 0)\n" +"64206\n" +">>> int('01110011', base=2)\n" +"115" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"If the argument defines :meth:`~object.__int__`, ``int(x)`` returns " +"``x.__int__()``. If the argument defines :meth:`~object.__index__`, it " +"returns ``x.__index__()``. If the argument defines " +":meth:`~object.__trunc__`, it returns ``x.__trunc__()``. For floating-point " +"numbers, this truncates towards zero." +msgstr "" +"如果参数定义了 :meth:`~object.__int__`，``int(x)`` 将返回 ``x.__int__()``。 如果参数定义了 " +":meth:`~object.__index__`，它将返回 ``x.__index__()``。 如果参数定义了 " +":meth:`~object.__trunc__`，它将返回 ``x.__trunc__()``。 对于浮点数，这将向零方向截断。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1021 +msgid "" +"If the argument is not a number or if *base* is given, then it must be a " +"string, :class:`bytes`, or :class:`bytearray` instance representing an " +"integer in radix *base*. Optionally, the string can be preceded by ``+`` or" +" ``-`` (with no space in between), have leading zeros, be surrounded by " +"whitespace, and have single underscores interspersed between digits." +msgstr "" +"如果参数不是数字或者如果给定了 *base*，则它必须是表示一个以 *base* 为基数的整数的字符串、:class:`bytes` 或 " +":class:`bytearray` 实例。 字符串前面还可选择加上 ``+`` 或 ``-`` " +"(中间没有空格)，带有前导的零，带有两侧的空格，以及带有数位之间的单个下划线。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"A base-n integer string contains digits, each representing a value from 0 to" +" n-1. The values 0--9 can be represented by any Unicode decimal digit. The " +"values 10--35 can be represented by ``a`` to ``z`` (or ``A`` to ``Z``). The " +"default *base* is 10. The allowed bases are 0 and 2--36. Base-2, -8, and -16" +" strings can be optionally prefixed with ``0b``/``0B``, ``0o``/``0O``, or " +"``0x``/``0X``, as with integer literals in code. For base 0, the string is " +"interpreted in a similar way to an :ref:`integer literal in code " +"`, in that the actual base is 2, 8, 10, or 16 as determined by the" +" prefix. Base 0 also disallows leading zeros: ``int('010', 0)`` is not " +"legal, while ``int('010')`` and ``int('010', 8)`` are." +msgstr "" +"一个以 n 为基数的整数字符串包含多个数位，每个数位代表从 0 到 n-1 范围内的值。 0--9 的值可以用任何 Unicode 十进制数码来表示。 " +"10--35 的值可以用 ``a`` 到 ``z`` (或 ``A`` 到 ``Z``) 来表示。 默认的 *base* 为 10。 允许的基数为 0 " +"和 2--36。 对于基数 2, -8 和 -16 来说字符串前面还能加上可选的 ``0b``/``0B``, ``0o``/``0O`` 或 " +"``0x``/``0X`` 前缀，就像代码中的整数字面值那样。 对于基数 0 来说，字符串会以与 :ref:`代码中的整数字面值 `" +" 类似的方式来解读，即实际的基数将由前缀确定为 2, 8, 10 或 16。 基数为 0 还会禁用前导的零: ``int('010', 0)`` " +"将是无效的，而 ``int('010')`` 和 ``int('010', 8)`` 则是有效的。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1038 +msgid "The integer type is described in :ref:`typesnumeric`." +msgstr "整数类型定义请参阅 :ref:`typesnumeric` 。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1040 +msgid "" +"If *base* is not an instance of :class:`int` and the *base* object has a " +":meth:`base.__index__ ` method, that method is called to " +"obtain an integer for the base. Previous versions used :meth:`base.__int__ " +"` instead of :meth:`base.__index__ `." +msgstr "" +"如果 *base* 不是 :class:`int` 的实例，但 *base* 对象有 :meth:`base.__index__ " +"` 方法，则会调用该方法来获取进制数。以前的版本使用 :meth:`base.__int__ " +"` 而不是 :meth:`base.__index__ `。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1050 +msgid "The first parameter is now positional-only." +msgstr "第一个形参现在是仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"Falls back to :meth:`~object.__index__` if :meth:`~object.__int__` is not " +"defined." +msgstr "如果 :meth:`~object.__int__` 未定义则回退至 :meth:`~object.__index__`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1056 +msgid "The delegation to :meth:`~object.__trunc__` is deprecated." +msgstr "委托给 :meth:`~object.__trunc__` 的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1059 +msgid "" +":class:`int` string inputs and string representations can be limited to help" +" avoid denial of service attacks. A :exc:`ValueError` is raised when the " +"limit is exceeded while converting a string to an :class:`int` or when " +"converting an :class:`int` into a string would exceed the limit. See the " +":ref:`integer string conversion length limitation ` " +"documentation." +msgstr "" +":class:`int` 字符串输入和字符串表示形式可受到限制以帮助避免拒绝服务攻击。当将一个字符串转换为 :class:`int` 或者将一个 " +":class:`int` 转换为字符串的操作走出限制时会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 请参阅 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 " +"` 文档。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1069 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the *object* argument is an instance of the *classinfo* " +"argument, or of a (direct, indirect, or :term:`virtual `) subclass thereof. If *object* is not an object of the given type, " +"the function always returns ``False``. If *classinfo* is a tuple of type " +"objects (or recursively, other such tuples) or a :ref:`types-union` of " +"multiple types, return ``True`` if *object* is an instance of any of the " +"types. If *classinfo* is not a type or tuple of types and such tuples, a " +":exc:`TypeError` exception is raised. :exc:`TypeError` may not be raised for" +" an invalid type if an earlier check succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果 *object* 参数是 *classinfo* 参数的实例，或者是其 (直接、间接或 :term:`虚拟 `) 子类的实例则返回 ``True``。 如果 *object* 不是给定类型的对象，则该函数总是返回 ``False``。 如果 " +"*classinfo* 是由类型对象结成的元组 (或是由其他此类元组递归生成) 或者是多个类型的 :ref:`types-union`，则如果 " +"*object* 是其中任一类型的实例时将会返回 ``True``。 如果 *classinfo* 不是一个类型或类型元组及此类元组，则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常。 如果之前的检查成功执行则可以不会为无效的类型引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1080 ../../library/functions.rst:1094 +msgid "*classinfo* can be a :ref:`types-union`." +msgstr "*classinfo* 可以是一个 :ref:`types-union`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if *class* is a subclass (direct, indirect, or " +":term:`virtual `) of *classinfo*. A class is " +"considered a subclass of itself. *classinfo* may be a tuple of class objects" +" (or recursively, other such tuples) or a :ref:`types-union`, in which case " +"return ``True`` if *class* is a subclass of any entry in *classinfo*. In " +"any other case, a :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"如果 *class* 是 *classinfo* 的子类（直接、间接或 :term:`虚的 ` ），则返回 " +"``True``。类将视为自己的子类。*classinfo* 可为类对象的元组（或递归地，其他这样的元组）或 :ref:`types-" +"union`，这时如果 *class* 是 *classinfo* 中任何条目的子类，则返回 ``True`` 。任何其他情况都会触发 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"Return an :term:`iterator` object. The first argument is interpreted very " +"differently depending on the presence of the second argument. Without a " +"second argument, *object* must be a collection object which supports the " +":term:`iterable` protocol (the :meth:`~object.__iter__` method), or it must " +"support the sequence protocol (the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method with " +"integer arguments starting at ``0``). If it does not support either of " +"those protocols, :exc:`TypeError` is raised. If the second argument, " +"*sentinel*, is given, then *object* must be a callable object. The iterator" +" created in this case will call *object* with no arguments for each call to " +"its :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method; if the value returned is equal to " +"*sentinel*, :exc:`StopIteration` will be raised, otherwise the value will be" +" returned." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`iterator` 对象。 根据是否存在第二个参数，对第一个参数的解读会有很大的不同。 如果没有第二个参数，*object* " +"必须是一个支持 :term:`iterable` 协议 (有 :meth:`~object.__iter__` 方法) " +"的多项集对象，或者必须支持序列协议 (有 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法并使用从 ``0`` 开始的整数参数)。 " +"如果它不支持这些协议，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 如果给出了第二个参数 *sentinel*，则 *object* " +"必须是一个可调用对象。 在这种情况下创建的迭代器将针对每次调用其 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法不带参数地调用 " +"*object*；如果返回的值等于 *sentinel*，则会引发 :exc:`StopIteration`，否则将返回该值。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1115 +msgid "See also :ref:`typeiter`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`typeiter`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"One useful application of the second form of :func:`iter` is to build a " +"block-reader. For example, reading fixed-width blocks from a binary database" +" file until the end of file is reached::" +msgstr "适合 :func:`iter` 的第二种形式的应用之一是构建块读取器。 例如，从二进制数据库文件中读取固定宽度的块，直至到达文件的末尾::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"from functools import partial\n" +"with open('mydata.db', 'rb') as f:\n" +" for block in iter(partial(f.read, 64), b''):\n" +" process_block(block)" +msgstr "" +"from functools import partial\n" +"with open('mydata.db', 'rb') as f:\n" +" for block in iter(partial(f.read, 64), b''):\n" +" process_block(block)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1129 +msgid "" +"Return the length (the number of items) of an object. The argument may be a" +" sequence (such as a string, bytes, tuple, list, or range) or a collection " +"(such as a dictionary, set, or frozen set)." +msgstr "" +"返回对象的长度（元素个数）。实参可以是序列（如 string、bytes、tuple、list 或 range 等）或集合（如 " +"dictionary、set 或 frozen set 等）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1135 +msgid "" +"``len`` raises :exc:`OverflowError` on lengths larger than " +":data:`sys.maxsize`, such as :class:`range(2 ** 100) `." +msgstr "" +"``len`` 对于大于 :data:`sys.maxsize` 的长度如 :class:`range(2 ** 100) ` 会引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"Rather than being a function, :class:`list` is actually a mutable sequence " +"type, as documented in :ref:`typesseq-list` and :ref:`typesseq`." +msgstr "" +"虽然被称为函数，:class:`list` 实际上是一种可变序列类型，详情请参阅 :ref:`typesseq-list` 和 " +":ref:`typesseq`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"Return a mapping object representing the current local symbol table, with " +"variable names as the keys, and their currently bound references as the " +"values." +msgstr "返回一个代表当前局部符号表的映射对象，以变量名称作为键，而以其当前绑定的引用作为值。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"At module scope, as well as when using :func:`exec` or :func:`eval` with a " +"single namespace, this function returns the same namespace as " +":func:`globals`." +msgstr "" +"在模块作用域上，以及当附带单个命名空间使用 :func:`exec` 或 :func:`eval` 时，此函数将返回与 :func:`globals` " +"相同的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"At class scope, it returns the namespace that will be passed to the " +"metaclass constructor." +msgstr "在类作用域上，它会返回将被传给元类构造器的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"When using ``exec()`` or ``eval()`` with separate local and global " +"arguments, it returns the local namespace passed in to the function call." +msgstr "" +"当附带不同的 local 和 global 参数使用 ``exec()`` 或 ``eval()`` 时，它将返回传入函数调用的 local 命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1164 +msgid "" +"In all of the above cases, each call to ``locals()`` in a given frame of " +"execution will return the *same* mapping object. Changes made through the " +"mapping object returned from ``locals()`` will be visible as assigned, " +"reassigned, or deleted local variables, and assigning, reassigning, or " +"deleting local variables will immediately affect the contents of the " +"returned mapping object." +msgstr "" +"在上述所有情况下，在一个给定的执行帧中对 ``locals()`` 的每次调用都将返回 *同一个* 映射对象。 通过从 ``locals()`` " +"返回的映射对象所做的修改都将如局部变量的赋值、重新赋值或删除一样可见，而局部变量的赋值、重新赋值或删除都将立即影响所返回映射对象的内容。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"In an :term:`optimized scope` (including functions, generators, and " +"coroutines), each call to ``locals()`` instead returns a fresh dictionary " +"containing the current bindings of the function's local variables and any " +"nonlocal cell references. In this case, name binding changes made via the " +"returned dict are *not* written back to the corresponding local variables or" +" nonlocal cell references, and assigning, reassigning, or deleting local " +"variables and nonlocal cell references does *not* affect the contents of " +"previously returned dictionaries." +msgstr "" +"在一个 :term:`optimized scope` 中（包括函数、生成器和协程），每个对 ``locals()`` " +"的调用将改为返回一个新字典，其中包含函数的局部变量及任何非局部单元引用的当前绑定。 在此情况下，通过所返回字典对名称绑定的改变将 *不会* " +"写回到对应的局部变量或非局部单元引用，并且赋值、重新赋值或删除局部变量和非局部单元引用也 *不会* 影响之前返回的字典的内容。affect the " +"contents of previously returned dictionaries." + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"Calling ``locals()`` as part of a comprehension in a function, generator, or" +" coroutine is equivalent to calling it in the containing scope, except that " +"the comprehension's initialised iteration variables will be included. In " +"other scopes, it behaves as if the comprehension were running as a nested " +"function." +msgstr "" +"将 ``locals()`` " +"作为函数、生成器或协程中的一个推导式的组成部分来调用相当于在外层作用域中调用它，不同之处在于推导式所初始化的迭代变量将被包括在内。 " +"在其他作用域下，其行为与将推导式作为嵌套函数来运行类似。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"Calling ``locals()`` as part of a generator expression is equivalent to " +"calling it in a nested generator function." +msgstr "将 ``locals()`` 作为生成器表达式的组成部分来调用相当于在嵌套的生成器函数中调用它。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"The behaviour of ``locals()`` in a comprehension has been updated as " +"described in :pep:`709`." +msgstr "在推导式中的 ``locals()`` 的行为已被更新为符合 :pep:`709` 中的描述。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1193 +msgid "" +"As part of :pep:`667`, the semantics of mutating the mapping objects " +"returned from this function are now defined. The behavior in " +":term:`optimized scopes ` is now as described above. Aside " +"from being defined, the behaviour in other scopes remains unchanged from " +"previous versions." +msgstr "" +"作为 :pep:`667` 的组成部分，改变从此函数返回的映射对象的语义现在已获得定义。 在 :term:`已优化作用域 ` 中的行为现在如上所述。 除了已获得定义，在其他作用域中的行为相比之前的版本仍然保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1203 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator that applies *function* to every item of *iterable*, " +"yielding the results. If additional *iterables* arguments are passed, " +"*function* must take that many arguments and is applied to the items from " +"all iterables in parallel. With multiple iterables, the iterator stops when" +" the shortest iterable is exhausted. For cases where the function inputs " +"are already arranged into argument tuples, see :func:`itertools.starmap`\\." +msgstr "" +"返回一个将 *function* 应用于 *iterable* 的每一项，并产生其结果的迭代器。 如果传入了额外的 *iterables* 参数，则 " +"*function* 必须接受相同个数的参数并被用于到从所有可迭代对象中并行获取的项。 当有多个可迭代对象时，当最短的可迭代对象耗尽则整个迭代将会停止。" +" 对于函数的输入已经是参数元组的情况，请参阅 :func:`itertools.starmap`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1215 +msgid "" +"Return the largest item in an iterable or the largest of two or more " +"arguments." +msgstr "返回可迭代对象中最大的元素，或者返回两个及以上实参中最大的。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1218 +msgid "" +"If one positional argument is provided, it should be an :term:`iterable`. " +"The largest item in the iterable is returned. If two or more positional " +"arguments are provided, the largest of the positional arguments is returned." +msgstr "" +"如果只提供了一个位置参数，它必须是非空 " +":term:`iterable`，返回可迭代对象中最大的元素；如果提供了两个及以上的位置参数，则返回最大的位置参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1223 ../../library/functions.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"There are two optional keyword-only arguments. The *key* argument specifies " +"a one-argument ordering function like that used for :meth:`list.sort`. The " +"*default* argument specifies an object to return if the provided iterable is" +" empty. If the iterable is empty and *default* is not provided, a " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"有两个可选只能用关键字的实参。*key* 实参指定排序函数用的参数，如传给 :meth:`list.sort` 的。*default* " +"实参是当可迭代对象为空时返回的值。如果可迭代对象为空，并且没有给 *default* ，则会触发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"If multiple items are maximal, the function returns the first one " +"encountered. This is consistent with other sort-stability preserving tools " +"such as ``sorted(iterable, key=keyfunc, reverse=True)[0]`` and " +"``heapq.nlargest(1, iterable, key=keyfunc)``." +msgstr "" +"如果有多个最大元素，则此函数将返回第一个找到的。这和其他稳定排序工具如 ``sorted(iterable, key=keyfunc, " +"reverse=True)[0]`` 和 ``heapq.nlargest(1, iterable, key=keyfunc)`` 保持一致。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1234 ../../library/functions.rst:1272 +msgid "Added the *default* keyword-only parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *default* 仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1237 ../../library/functions.rst:1275 +msgid "The *key* can be ``None``." +msgstr "*key* 可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1245 +msgid "" +"Return a \"memory view\" object created from the given argument. See " +":ref:`typememoryview` for more information." +msgstr "返回由给定实参创建的“内存视图”对象。有关详细信息，请参阅 :ref:`typememoryview`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"Return the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more " +"arguments." +msgstr "返回可迭代对象中最小的元素，或者返回两个及以上实参中最小的。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1256 +msgid "" +"If one positional argument is provided, it should be an :term:`iterable`. " +"The smallest item in the iterable is returned. If two or more positional " +"arguments are provided, the smallest of the positional arguments is " +"returned." +msgstr "" +"如果只提供了一个位置参数，它必须是 :term:`iterable`，返回可迭代对象中最小的元素；如果提供了两个及以上的位置参数，则返回最小的位置参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"If multiple items are minimal, the function returns the first one " +"encountered. This is consistent with other sort-stability preserving tools " +"such as ``sorted(iterable, key=keyfunc)[0]`` and ``heapq.nsmallest(1, " +"iterable, key=keyfunc)``." +msgstr "" +"如果有多个最小元素，则此函数将返回第一个找到的。这和其他稳定排序工具如 ``sorted(iterable, key=keyfunc)[0]`` 和 " +"``heapq.nsmallest(1, iterable, key=keyfunc)`` 保持一致。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1282 +msgid "" +"Retrieve the next item from the :term:`iterator` by calling its " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` method. If *default* is given, it is returned if" +" the iterator is exhausted, otherwise :exc:`StopIteration` is raised." +msgstr "" +"通过调用 :term:`iterator` 的 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法获取下一个元素。如果迭代器耗尽，则返回给定的 " +"*default*，如果没有默认值则触发 :exc:`StopIteration`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1289 +msgid "" +"This is the ultimate base class of all other classes. It has methods that " +"are common to all instances of Python classes. When the constructor is " +"called, it returns a new featureless object. The constructor does not accept" +" any arguments." +msgstr "" +"这是所有其他类的终极基类。 它提供了所有 Python 类实例均具有的方法。 当其构造器被调用时，它将返回一个新的基本对象。 该构造器不接受任何参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1296 +msgid "" +":class:`object` instances do *not* have :attr:`~object.__dict__` attributes," +" so you can't assign arbitrary attributes to an instance of :class:`object`." +msgstr "" +":class:`object` 实例 *没有* :attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性，因此你无法将任意属性赋给 " +":class:`object` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"Convert an integer number to an octal string prefixed with \"0o\". The " +"result is a valid Python expression. If *x* is not a Python :class:`int` " +"object, it has to define an :meth:`~object.__index__` method that returns an" +" integer. For example:" +msgstr "" +"将整数转换为带前缀 \"0o\" 的八进制数字符串。 结果是一个合法的 Python 表达式。 如果 *x* 不是一个 Python " +":class:`int` 对象，则它必须定义返回一个整数的 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1313 +msgid "" +"If you want to convert an integer number to an octal string either with the " +"prefix \"0o\" or not, you can use either of the following ways." +msgstr "若要将整数转换为八进制字符串，并可选择是否带有“0o”前缀，可采用如下方法：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"Open *file* and return a corresponding :term:`file object`. If the file " +"cannot be opened, an :exc:`OSError` is raised. See :ref:`tut-files` for more" +" examples of how to use this function." +msgstr "" +"打开 *file* 并返回对应的 :term:`file object`。 如果该文件不能被打开，则引发 :exc:`OSError`。 请参阅 " +":ref:`tut-files` 获取此函数的更多用法示例。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"*file* is a :term:`path-like object` giving the pathname (absolute or " +"relative to the current working directory) of the file to be opened or an " +"integer file descriptor of the file to be wrapped. (If a file descriptor is" +" given, it is closed when the returned I/O object is closed unless *closefd*" +" is set to ``False``.)" +msgstr "" +"*file* 是一个 :term:`path-like " +"object`，表示将要打开的文件的路径（绝对路径或者相对当前工作目录的路径），也可以是要封装文件对应的整数类型文件描述符。（如果给出的是文件描述符，则当返回的" +" I/O 对象关闭时它也会关闭，除非将 *closefd* 设为 ``False`` 。）" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"*mode* is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file is " +"opened. It defaults to ``'r'`` which means open for reading in text mode. " +"Other common values are ``'w'`` for writing (truncating the file if it " +"already exists), ``'x'`` for exclusive creation, and ``'a'`` for appending " +"(which on *some* Unix systems, means that *all* writes append to the end of " +"the file regardless of the current seek position). In text mode, if " +"*encoding* is not specified the encoding used is platform-dependent: " +":func:`locale.getencoding` is called to get the current locale encoding. " +"(For reading and writing raw bytes use binary mode and leave *encoding* " +"unspecified.) The available modes are:" +msgstr "" +"*mode* 是一个指明文件打开模式的可选字符串。 它默认为 ``'r'`` 表示以文本模式读取。 其他常见模式有表示写入的 ``'w'`` " +"(若文件已存在则将其清空)，表示独占创建的 ``'x'``，以及表示追加写入的 ``'a'`` (在 *某些* Unix " +"系统上，这意味着无论当前查找位置在哪里 *所有* 写入操作都将追加到文件末尾)。 在文本模式下，如果未指定 *encoding* " +"则所使用的编码格式将依赖于具体平台: :func:`locale.getencoding()` 会被调用以获取当前语言区域的编码格式。 " +"(对于读取和写入原始字节数据请使用二进制模式并且不要指定 *encoding*。) 可用的模式有:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1357 +msgid "Character" +msgstr "字符" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1357 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1359 +msgid "``'r'``" +msgstr "``'r'``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1359 +msgid "open for reading (default)" +msgstr "读取（默认）" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1360 +msgid "``'w'``" +msgstr "``'w'``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1360 +msgid "open for writing, truncating the file first" +msgstr "写入，并先截断文件" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1361 +msgid "``'x'``" +msgstr "``'x'``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1361 +msgid "open for exclusive creation, failing if the file already exists" +msgstr "排它性创建，如果文件已存在则失败" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1362 +msgid "``'a'``" +msgstr "``'a'``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1362 +msgid "open for writing, appending to the end of file if it exists" +msgstr "打开文件用于写入，如果文件存在则在末尾追加" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1363 +msgid "``'b'``" +msgstr "``'b'``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1363 ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "binary mode" +msgstr "二进制模式" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1364 +msgid "``'t'``" +msgstr "``'t'``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1364 +msgid "text mode (default)" +msgstr "文本模式（默认）" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1365 +msgid "``'+'``" +msgstr "``'+'``" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1365 +msgid "open for updating (reading and writing)" +msgstr "打开用于更新（读取与写入）" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1368 +msgid "" +"The default mode is ``'r'`` (open for reading text, a synonym of ``'rt'``). " +"Modes ``'w+'`` and ``'w+b'`` open and truncate the file. Modes ``'r+'`` and" +" ``'r+b'`` open the file with no truncation." +msgstr "" +"默认模式为 ``'r'`` （打开文件用于读取文本，与 ``'rt'`` 同义）。``'w+'`` 和 ``'w+b'`` 模式将打开文件并清空内容。而" +" ``'r+'`` 和 ``'r+b'`` 模式将打开文件但不清空内容。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1372 +msgid "" +"As mentioned in the :ref:`io-overview`, Python distinguishes between binary " +"and text I/O. Files opened in binary mode (including ``'b'`` in the *mode* " +"argument) return contents as :class:`bytes` objects without any decoding. " +"In text mode (the default, or when ``'t'`` is included in the *mode* " +"argument), the contents of the file are returned as :class:`str`, the bytes " +"having been first decoded using a platform-dependent encoding or using the " +"specified *encoding* if given." +msgstr "" +"正如在 :ref:`io-overview` 中提到的，Python区分二进制和文本I/O。以二进制模式打开的文件（包括 *mode* 参数中的 " +"``'b'`` ）返回的内容为 :class:`bytes` 对象，不进行任何解码。在文本模式下（默认情况下，或者在 *mode* 参数中包含 " +"``'t'`` ）时，文件内容返回为 :class:`str` ，首先使用指定的 *encoding* （如果给定）或者使用平台默认的的字节编码解码。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"Python doesn't depend on the underlying operating system's notion of text " +"files; all the processing is done by Python itself, and is therefore " +"platform-independent." +msgstr "Python不依赖于底层操作系统的文本文件概念;所有处理都由Python本身完成，因此与平台无关。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1386 +msgid "" +"*buffering* is an optional integer used to set the buffering policy. Pass 0" +" to switch buffering off (only allowed in binary mode), 1 to select line " +"buffering (only usable when writing in text mode), and an integer > 1 to " +"indicate the size in bytes of a fixed-size chunk buffer. Note that " +"specifying a buffer size this way applies for binary buffered I/O, but " +"``TextIOWrapper`` (i.e., files opened with ``mode='r+'``) would have another" +" buffering. To disable buffering in ``TextIOWrapper``, consider using the " +"``write_through`` flag for :func:`io.TextIOWrapper.reconfigure`. When no " +"*buffering* argument is given, the default buffering policy works as " +"follows:" +msgstr "" +"*buffering* 是一个可选的整数，用于设置缓冲策略。 传入 0 来关闭缓冲（仅在二进制模式下允许），传入 1 " +"来选择行缓冲（仅在文本模式下写入时可用），传一个整数 > 1 来表示固定大小的块缓冲区的字节大小。 注意这样指定缓冲区的大小适用于二进制缓冲的 " +"I/O,但 ``TextIOWrapper`` (即用 ``mode='r+'`` 打开的文件) 会有另一种缓冲。 要禁用 " +"``TextIOWrapper`` 中的缓冲，请考虑为 :func:`io.TextIOWrapper.reconfigure` 使用 " +"``write_through`` 旗标。 当没有给出 *buffering* 参数时，默认的缓冲策略规则如下:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1396 +msgid "" +"Binary files are buffered in fixed-size chunks; the size of the buffer is " +"chosen using a heuristic trying to determine the underlying device's \"block" +" size\" and falling back on :const:`io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`. On many " +"systems, the buffer will typically be 4096 or 8192 bytes long." +msgstr "" +"二进制文件以固定大小的块进行缓冲；缓冲区的大小是使用启发方式来尝试确定底层设备的“块大小”并会回退至 " +":const:`io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`。 在许多系统上，缓冲区的长度通常为 4096 或 8192 字节。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"\"Interactive\" text files (files for which :meth:`~io.IOBase.isatty` " +"returns ``True``) use line buffering. Other text files use the policy " +"described above for binary files." +msgstr "" +"“交互式”文本文件（ :meth:`~io.IOBase.isatty` 返回 ``True`` " +"的文件）使用行缓冲。其他文本文件使用上述策略用于二进制文件。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1405 +msgid "" +"*encoding* is the name of the encoding used to decode or encode the file. " +"This should only be used in text mode. The default encoding is platform " +"dependent (whatever :func:`locale.getencoding` returns), but any :term:`text" +" encoding` supported by Python can be used. See the :mod:`codecs` module for" +" the list of supported encodings." +msgstr "" +"*encoding* 是用于编码或编码文件的编码格式名称。 这应当只有文本模式下使用。 默认的编码格式依赖于具体平台 (即 " +":func:`locale.getencoding` 所返回的值)，但是任何 Python 支持的 :term:`text encoding` " +"都可以被使用。 请参阅 :mod:`codecs` 模块获取受支持的编码格式列表。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1411 +msgid "" +"*errors* is an optional string that specifies how encoding and decoding " +"errors are to be handled—this cannot be used in binary mode. A variety of " +"standard error handlers are available (listed under :ref:`error-handlers`), " +"though any error handling name that has been registered with " +":func:`codecs.register_error` is also valid. The standard names include:" +msgstr "" +"*errors* 是一个可选的字符串参数，用于指定如何处理编码和解码错误 - 这不能在二进制模式下使用。可以使用各种标准错误处理程序（列在 " +":ref:`error-handlers` ），但是使用 :func:`codecs.register_error` " +"注册的任何错误处理名称也是有效的。标准名称包括:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"``'strict'`` to raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception if there is an encoding " +"error. The default value of ``None`` has the same effect." +msgstr "如果存在编码错误，``'strict'`` 会引发 :exc:`ValueError` 异常。 默认值 ``None`` 具有相同的效果。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1423 +msgid "" +"``'ignore'`` ignores errors. Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to" +" data loss." +msgstr "``'ignore'`` 忽略错误。请注意，忽略编码错误可能会导致数据丢失。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"``'replace'`` causes a replacement marker (such as ``'?'``) to be inserted " +"where there is malformed data." +msgstr "``'replace'`` 会将替换标记（例如 ``'?'`` ）插入有错误数据的地方。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"``'surrogateescape'`` will represent any incorrect bytes as low surrogate " +"code units ranging from U+DC80 to U+DCFF. These surrogate code units will " +"then be turned back into the same bytes when the ``surrogateescape`` error " +"handler is used when writing data. This is useful for processing files in " +"an unknown encoding." +msgstr "" +"``'surrogateescape'`` 将把任何不正确的字节表示为 U+DC80 至 U+DCFF 范围内的下方替代码位。 当在写入数据时使用 " +"``surrogateescape`` 错误处理器时这些替代码位会被转回到相同的字节。 这适用于处理具有未知编码格式的文件。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1436 +msgid "" +"``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` is only supported when writing to a file. Characters" +" not supported by the encoding are replaced with the appropriate XML " +"character reference :samp:`&#{nnn};`." +msgstr "" +"``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` 仅在写入文件时才受到支持。 编码格式不支持的字符将被替换为相应的 XML 字符引用 " +":samp:`&#{nnn};`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1440 +msgid "" +"``'backslashreplace'`` replaces malformed data by Python's backslashed " +"escape sequences." +msgstr "``'backslashreplace'`` 用Python的反向转义序列替换格式错误的数据。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"``'namereplace'`` (also only supported when writing) replaces unsupported " +"characters with ``\\N{...}`` escape sequences." +msgstr "``'namereplace'`` （也只在编写时支持）用 ``\\N{...}`` 转义序列替换不支持的字符。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"*newline* determines how to parse newline characters from the stream. It can" +" be ``None``, ``''``, ``'\\n'``, ``'\\r'``, and ``'\\r\\n'``. It works as " +"follows:" +msgstr "" +"*newline* 决定如何解析来自流的换行符。 它可以为 ``None``, ``''``, ``'\\n'``, ``'\\r'`` 和 " +"``'\\r\\n'``。 它的工作原理如下:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1455 +msgid "" +"When reading input from the stream, if *newline* is ``None``, universal " +"newlines mode is enabled. Lines in the input can end in ``'\\n'``, " +"``'\\r'``, or ``'\\r\\n'``, and these are translated into ``'\\n'`` before " +"being returned to the caller. If it is ``''``, universal newlines mode is " +"enabled, but line endings are returned to the caller untranslated. If it " +"has any of the other legal values, input lines are only terminated by the " +"given string, and the line ending is returned to the caller untranslated." +msgstr "" +"从流中读取输入时，如果 *newline* 为 ``None``，则启用通用换行模式。输入中的行可以以 ``'\\n'``，``'\\r'`` 或 " +"``'\\r\\n'`` 结尾，这些行被翻译成 ``'\\n'`` 在返回呼叫者之前。如果它是 " +"``''``，则启用通用换行模式，但行结尾将返回给调用者未翻译。如果它具有任何其他合法值，则输入行仅由给定字符串终止，并且返回给调用者时行结尾不会被转换。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"When writing output to the stream, if *newline* is ``None``, any ``'\\n'`` " +"characters written are translated to the system default line separator, " +":data:`os.linesep`. If *newline* is ``''`` or ``'\\n'``, no translation " +"takes place. If *newline* is any of the other legal values, any ``'\\n'`` " +"characters written are translated to the given string." +msgstr "" +"将输出写入流时，如果 *newline* 为 ``None``，则写入的任何 ``'\\n'`` 字符都将转换为系统默认行分隔符 " +":data:`os.linesep`。如果 *newline* 是 ``''`` 或 ``'\\n'``，则不进行翻译。如果 *newline* " +"是任何其他合法值，则写入的任何 ``'\\n'`` 字符将被转换为给定的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"If *closefd* is ``False`` and a file descriptor rather than a filename was " +"given, the underlying file descriptor will be kept open when the file is " +"closed. If a filename is given *closefd* must be ``True`` (the default); " +"otherwise, an error will be raised." +msgstr "" +"如果 *closefd* 为 ``False`` " +"且给出的不是文件名而是文件描述符，那么当文件关闭时，底层文件描述符将保持打开状态。如果给出的是文件名，则 *closefd* 必须为 ``True`` " +"（默认值），否则将触发错误。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1474 +msgid "" +"A custom opener can be used by passing a callable as *opener*. The " +"underlying file descriptor for the file object is then obtained by calling " +"*opener* with (*file*, *flags*). *opener* must return an open file " +"descriptor (passing :mod:`os.open` as *opener* results in functionality " +"similar to passing ``None``)." +msgstr "" +"可以通过传递可调用的 *opener* 来使用自定义开启器。然后通过使用参数（ *file*，*flags* ）调用 *opener* " +"获得文件对象的基础文件描述符。 *opener* 必须返回一个打开的文件描述符（使用 :mod:`os.open` as *opener* 时与传递 " +"``None`` 的效果相同）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1480 +msgid "The newly created file is :ref:`non-inheritable `." +msgstr "新创建的文件是 :ref:`不可继承的 `。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1482 +msgid "" +"The following example uses the :ref:`dir_fd ` parameter of the " +":func:`os.open` function to open a file relative to a given directory::" +msgstr "" +"下面的示例使用 :func:`os.open` 函数的 :ref:`dir_fd ` 的形参，从给定的目录中用相对路径打开文件::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1485 +msgid "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> dir_fd = os.open('somedir', os.O_RDONLY)\n" +">>> def opener(path, flags):\n" +"... return os.open(path, flags, dir_fd=dir_fd)\n" +"...\n" +">>> with open('spamspam.txt', 'w', opener=opener) as f:\n" +"... print('This will be written to somedir/spamspam.txt', file=f)\n" +"...\n" +">>> os.close(dir_fd) # don't leak a file descriptor" +msgstr "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> dir_fd = os.open('somedir', os.O_RDONLY)\n" +">>> def opener(path, flags):\n" +"... return os.open(path, flags, dir_fd=dir_fd)\n" +"...\n" +">>> with open('spamspam.txt', 'w', opener=opener) as f:\n" +"... print('This will be written to somedir/spamspam.txt', file=f)\n" +"...\n" +">>> os.close(dir_fd) # 不要泄漏文件描述符" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"The type of :term:`file object` returned by the :func:`open` function " +"depends on the mode. When :func:`open` is used to open a file in a text " +"mode (``'w'``, ``'r'``, ``'wt'``, ``'rt'``, etc.), it returns a subclass of " +":class:`io.TextIOBase` (specifically :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`). When used " +"to open a file in a binary mode with buffering, the returned class is a " +"subclass of :class:`io.BufferedIOBase`. The exact class varies: in read " +"binary mode, it returns an :class:`io.BufferedReader`; in write binary and " +"append binary modes, it returns an :class:`io.BufferedWriter`, and in " +"read/write mode, it returns an :class:`io.BufferedRandom`. When buffering " +"is disabled, the raw stream, a subclass of :class:`io.RawIOBase`, " +":class:`io.FileIO`, is returned." +msgstr "" +":func:`open` 函数所返回的 :term:`file object` 类型取决于所用模式。 当使用 :func:`open` 以文本模式 " +"(``'w'``, ``'r'``, ``'wt'``, ``'rt'`` 等) 打开文件时，它将返回 :class:`io.TextIOBase` " +"(具体为 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`) 的一个子类。 当使用缓冲以二进制模式打开文件时，返回的类是 " +":class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 的一个子类。 具体的类会有多种：在只读的二进制模式下，它将返回 " +":class:`io.BufferedReader`；在写入二进制和追加二进制模式下，它将返回 " +":class:`io.BufferedWriter`，而在读/写模式下，它将返回 :class:`io.BufferedRandom`。 " +"当禁用缓冲时，则会返回原始流，即 :class:`io.RawIOBase` 的一个子类 :class:`io.FileIO`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"See also the file handling modules, such as :mod:`fileinput`, :mod:`io` " +"(where :func:`open` is declared), :mod:`os`, :mod:`os.path`, " +":mod:`tempfile`, and :mod:`shutil`." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅文件操作模块，如 :mod:`fileinput`、:mod:`io` （声明了 " +":func:`open`）、:mod:`os`、:mod:`os.path`、:mod:`tempfile` 和 :mod:`shutil`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1520 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``open`` with arguments ``path``," +" ``mode``, ``flags``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``open`` 并附带参数 ``path``, ``mode``, ``flags``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1522 +msgid "" +"The ``mode`` and ``flags`` arguments may have been modified or inferred from" +" the original call." +msgstr "``mode`` 与 ``flags`` 参数可以在原始调用的基础上被修改或传递。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1527 +msgid "The *opener* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *opener* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1528 +msgid "The ``'x'`` mode was added." +msgstr "增加了 ``'x'`` 模式。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1529 +msgid "" +":exc:`IOError` used to be raised, it is now an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "过去触发的 :exc:`IOError`，现在是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1530 +msgid "" +":exc:`FileExistsError` is now raised if the file opened in exclusive " +"creation mode (``'x'``) already exists." +msgstr "如果文件已存在但使用了排它性创建模式（ ``'x'`` ），现在会触发 :exc:`FileExistsError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1535 +msgid "The file is now non-inheritable." +msgstr "文件现在禁止继承。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1539 +msgid "" +"If the system call is interrupted and the signal handler does not raise an " +"exception, the function now retries the system call instead of raising an " +":exc:`InterruptedError` exception (see :pep:`475` for the rationale)." +msgstr "" +"如果系统调用被中断，但信号处理程序没有触发异常，此函数现在会重试系统调用，而不是触发 :exc:`InterruptedError` 异常 (原因详见 " +":pep:`475`)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1542 +msgid "The ``'namereplace'`` error handler was added." +msgstr "增加了 ``'namereplace'`` 错误处理接口。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1546 +msgid "Support added to accept objects implementing :class:`os.PathLike`." +msgstr "增加对实现了 :class:`os.PathLike` 对象的支持。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"On Windows, opening a console buffer may return a subclass of " +":class:`io.RawIOBase` other than :class:`io.FileIO`." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，打开一个控制台缓冲区将返回 :class:`io.RawIOBase` 的子类，而不是 :class:`io.FileIO`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1550 +msgid "The ``'U'`` mode has been removed." +msgstr "``'U'`` 模式已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"Given a string representing one Unicode character, return an integer " +"representing the Unicode code point of that character. For example, " +"``ord('a')`` returns the integer ``97`` and ``ord('€')`` (Euro sign) returns" +" ``8364``. This is the inverse of :func:`chr`." +msgstr "" +"对表示单个 Unicode 字符的字符串，返回代表它 Unicode 码点的整数。例如 ``ord('a')`` 返回整数 ``97``， " +"``ord('€')`` （欧元符号）返回 ``8364`` 。这是 :func:`chr` 的逆函数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"Return *base* to the power *exp*; if *mod* is present, return *base* to the " +"power *exp*, modulo *mod* (computed more efficiently than ``pow(base, exp) %" +" mod``). The two-argument form ``pow(base, exp)`` is equivalent to using the" +" power operator: ``base**exp``." +msgstr "" +"返回 *base* 的 *exp* 次幂；如果 *mod* 存在，则返回 *base* 的 *exp* 次幂对 *mod* 取余（比 " +"``pow(base, exp) % mod`` 更高效）。 两参数形式 ``pow(base, exp)`` 等价于乘方运算符: " +"``base**exp``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1568 +msgid "" +"The arguments must have numeric types. With mixed operand types, the " +"coercion rules for binary arithmetic operators apply. For :class:`int` " +"operands, the result has the same type as the operands (after coercion) " +"unless the second argument is negative; in that case, all arguments are " +"converted to float and a float result is delivered. For example, ``pow(10, " +"2)`` returns ``100``, but ``pow(10, -2)`` returns ``0.01``. For a negative " +"base of type :class:`int` or :class:`float` and a non-integral exponent, a " +"complex result is delivered. For example, ``pow(-9, 0.5)`` returns a value " +"close to ``3j``. Whereas, for a negative base of type :class:`int` or " +":class:`float` with an integral exponent, a float result is delivered. For " +"example, ``pow(-9, 2.0)`` returns ``81.0``." +msgstr "" +"这些参数必须为数字类型。 对于混用的操作数类型，将应用二元算术运算的强制转换规则。 对于 :class:`int` " +"操作数，结果具有与操作数相同的类型（转换之后）除非第二个参数为负值；在那种情况下，所有参数将被转换为浮点数并输出浮点数的结果。 例如，``pow(10," +" 2)`` 返回 ``100``，而 ``pow(10, -2)`` 返回 ``0.01``。 对于 :class:`int` 或 " +":class:`float` 类型的基数为负值而幂为非整数的情况，将产生一个复数的结果。 例如，``pow(-9, 0.5)`` 将返回一个接近 " +"``3j`` 的值。 最后，对于 :class:`int` 或 :class:`float` 类型的基数为负值而幂为整数的情况，将产生一个浮点数的结果。" +" 例如，``pow(-9, 2.0)`` 将返回 ``81.0``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"For :class:`int` operands *base* and *exp*, if *mod* is present, *mod* must " +"also be of integer type and *mod* must be nonzero. If *mod* is present and " +"*exp* is negative, *base* must be relatively prime to *mod*. In that case, " +"``pow(inv_base, -exp, mod)`` is returned, where *inv_base* is an inverse to " +"*base* modulo *mod*." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`int` 操作数 *base* 和 *exp*，如果给出 *mod*，则 *mod* 必须为整数类型并且 *mod* 必须不为零。" +" 如果给出 *mod* 并且 *exp* 为负值，则 *base* 必须相对于 *mod* 不可整除。 在这种情况下，将会返回 " +"``pow(inv_base, -exp, mod)``，其中 *inv_base* 为 *base* 的倒数对 *mod* 取余。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1586 +msgid "Here's an example of computing an inverse for ``38`` modulo ``97``::" +msgstr "下面的例子是 ``38`` 的倒数对 ``97`` 取余::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1588 +msgid "" +">>> pow(38, -1, mod=97)\n" +"23\n" +">>> 23 * 38 % 97 == 1\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> pow(38, -1, mod=97)\n" +"23\n" +">>> 23 * 38 % 97 == 1\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1593 +msgid "" +"For :class:`int` operands, the three-argument form of ``pow`` now allows the" +" second argument to be negative, permitting computation of modular inverses." +msgstr "对于 :class:`int` 操作数，三参数形式的 ``pow`` 现在允许第二个参数为负值，即可以计算倒数的余数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"Allow keyword arguments. Formerly, only positional arguments were " +"supported." +msgstr "允许关键字参数。 之前只支持位置参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"Print *objects* to the text stream *file*, separated by *sep* and followed " +"by *end*. *sep*, *end*, *file*, and *flush*, if present, must be given as " +"keyword arguments." +msgstr "" +"将 *objects* 打印输出至 *file* 指定的文本流，以 *sep* 分隔并在末尾加上 *end*。 *sep* 、 *end* 、 " +"*file* 和 *flush* 必须以关键字参数的形式给出。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1609 +msgid "" +"All non-keyword arguments are converted to strings like :func:`str` does and" +" written to the stream, separated by *sep* and followed by *end*. Both " +"*sep* and *end* must be strings; they can also be ``None``, which means to " +"use the default values. If no *objects* are given, :func:`print` will just " +"write *end*." +msgstr "" +"所有非关键字参数都会被转换为字符串，就像是执行了 :func:`str` 一样，并会被写入到流，以 *sep* 分隔并在末尾加上 *end*。 " +"*sep* 和 *end* 都必须为字符串；它们也可以为 ``None``，这意味着使用默认值。 如果没有给出 *objects*，则 " +":func:`print` 将只写入 *end*。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1615 +msgid "" +"The *file* argument must be an object with a ``write(string)`` method; if it" +" is not present or ``None``, :data:`sys.stdout` will be used. Since printed" +" arguments are converted to text strings, :func:`print` cannot be used with " +"binary mode file objects. For these, use ``file.write(...)`` instead." +msgstr "" +"*file* 参数必须是一个具有 ``write(string)`` 方法的对象；如果参数不存在或为 ``None``，则将使用 " +":data:`sys.stdout`。 由于要打印的参数会被转换为文本字符串，因此 :func:`print` 不能用于二进制模式的文件对象。 " +"对于这些对象，应改用 ``file.write(...)``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1620 +msgid "" +"Output buffering is usually determined by *file*. However, if *flush* is " +"true, the stream is forcibly flushed." +msgstr "输出缓冲通常由 *file* 确定。 但是，如果 *flush* 为真值，流将被强制刷新。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1624 +msgid "Added the *flush* keyword argument." +msgstr "增加了 *flush* 关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1630 +msgid "Return a property attribute." +msgstr "返回 property 属性。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1632 +msgid "" +"*fget* is a function for getting an attribute value. *fset* is a function " +"for setting an attribute value. *fdel* is a function for deleting an " +"attribute value. And *doc* creates a docstring for the attribute." +msgstr "" +"*fget* 是获取属性值的函数。 *fset* 是用于设置属性值的函数。 *fdel* 是用于删除属性值的函数。并且 *doc* " +"为属性对象创建文档字符串。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1636 +msgid "A typical use is to define a managed attribute ``x``::" +msgstr "一个典型的用法是定义一个托管属性 ``x``::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1638 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self._x = None\n" +"\n" +" def getx(self):\n" +" return self._x\n" +"\n" +" def setx(self, value):\n" +" self._x = value\n" +"\n" +" def delx(self):\n" +" del self._x\n" +"\n" +" x = property(getx, setx, delx, \"I'm the 'x' property.\")" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self._x = None\n" +"\n" +" def getx(self):\n" +" return self._x\n" +"\n" +" def setx(self, value):\n" +" self._x = value\n" +"\n" +" def delx(self):\n" +" del self._x\n" +"\n" +" x = property(getx, setx, delx, \"I'm the 'x' property.\")" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1653 +msgid "" +"If *c* is an instance of *C*, ``c.x`` will invoke the getter, ``c.x = " +"value`` will invoke the setter, and ``del c.x`` the deleter." +msgstr "" +"如果 *c* 为 *C* 的实例，``c.x`` 将调用 getter，``c.x = value`` 将调用 setter， ``del c.x`` " +"将调用 deleter。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1656 +msgid "" +"If given, *doc* will be the docstring of the property attribute. Otherwise, " +"the property will copy *fget*'s docstring (if it exists). This makes it " +"possible to create read-only properties easily using :func:`property` as a " +":term:`decorator`::" +msgstr "" +"如果给出，*doc* 将成为该 property 属性的文档字符串。 否则该 property 将拷贝 *fget* 的文档字符串（如果存在）。 " +"这令使用 :func:`property` 作为 :term:`decorator` 来创建只读的特征属性可以很容易地实现::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1660 +msgid "" +"class Parrot:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self._voltage = 100000\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def voltage(self):\n" +" \"\"\"Get the current voltage.\"\"\"\n" +" return self._voltage" +msgstr "" +"class Parrot:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self._voltage = 100000\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def voltage(self):\n" +" \"\"\"Get the current voltage.\"\"\"\n" +" return self._voltage" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1669 +msgid "" +"The ``@property`` decorator turns the :meth:`!voltage` method into a " +"\"getter\" for a read-only attribute with the same name, and it sets the " +"docstring for *voltage* to \"Get the current voltage.\"" +msgstr "" +"``@property`` 装饰器会将 :meth:`!voltage` 方法转化为一个具有相同名称的只读属性 \"getter\"，并将 " +"*voltage* 的文档字符串设为 \"Get the current voltage.\"" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1677 +msgid "" +"A property object has ``getter``, ``setter``, and ``deleter`` methods usable" +" as decorators that create a copy of the property with the corresponding " +"accessor function set to the decorated function. This is best explained " +"with an example:" +msgstr "" +"特征属性对象具有 ``getter``, ``setter`` 和 ``deleter`` " +"方法，它们可用作装饰器来创建该特征属性的副本，并将相应的访问函数设为所装饰的函数。 这最好是用一个例子来说明：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1682 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self._x = None\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" \"\"\"I'm the 'x' property.\"\"\"\n" +" return self._x\n" +"\n" +" @x.setter\n" +" def x(self, value):\n" +" self._x = value\n" +"\n" +" @x.deleter\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" del self._x" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self._x = None\n" +"\n" +" @property\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" \"\"\"I'm the 'x' property.\"\"\"\n" +" return self._x\n" +"\n" +" @x.setter\n" +" def x(self, value):\n" +" self._x = value\n" +"\n" +" @x.deleter\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" del self._x" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1701 +msgid "" +"This code is exactly equivalent to the first example. Be sure to give the " +"additional functions the same name as the original property (``x`` in this " +"case.)" +msgstr "上述代码与第一个例子完全等价。 注意一定要给附加函数与原始的特征属性相同的名称 (在本例中为 ``x``。)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1705 +msgid "" +"The returned property object also has the attributes ``fget``, ``fset``, and" +" ``fdel`` corresponding to the constructor arguments." +msgstr "返回的特征属性对象同样具有与构造器参数相对应的属性 ``fget``, ``fset`` 和 ``fdel``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1708 +msgid "The docstrings of property objects are now writeable." +msgstr "特征属性对象的文档字符串现在是可写的。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1713 +msgid "" +"Attribute holding the name of the property. The name of the property can be " +"changed at runtime." +msgstr "保存特征属性名称的属性。 特性属性名称可在运行时被修改。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1724 +msgid "" +"Rather than being a function, :class:`range` is actually an immutable " +"sequence type, as documented in :ref:`typesseq-range` and :ref:`typesseq`." +msgstr "" +"虽然被称为函数，但 :class:`range` 实际上是一个不可变的序列类型，参见在 :ref:`typesseq-range` 与 " +":ref:`typesseq` 中的文档说明。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1730 +msgid "" +"Return a string containing a printable representation of an object. For " +"many types, this function makes an attempt to return a string that would " +"yield an object with the same value when passed to :func:`eval`; otherwise, " +"the representation is a string enclosed in angle brackets that contains the " +"name of the type of the object together with additional information often " +"including the name and address of the object. A class can control what this" +" function returns for its instances by defining a :meth:`~object.__repr__` " +"method. If :func:`sys.displayhook` is not accessible, this function will " +"raise :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +"返回包含一个对象的可打印表示形式的字符串。 对于许多类型而言，此函数会尝试返回一个具有与传给 :func:`eval` " +"时相同的值的字符串；在其他情况下，其表示形式将为一个包含对象类型名称和通常包括对象名称和地址的额外信息的用尖括号括起来的字符串。 一个类可以通过定义 " +":meth:`~object.__repr__` 方法来控制此函数为其实例所返回的内容。 如果 :func:`sys.displayhook` " +"不可访问，则此函数将会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1741 +msgid "This class has a custom representation that can be evaluated::" +msgstr "该类具有自定义的表示形式，它可被求值为::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1743 +msgid "" +"class Person:\n" +" def __init__(self, name, age):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.age = age\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return f\"Person('{self.name}', {self.age})\"" +msgstr "" +"class Person:\n" +" def __init__(self, name, age):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.age = age\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return f\"Person('{self.name}', {self.age})\"" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1754 +msgid "" +"Return a reverse :term:`iterator`. *seq* must be an object which has a " +":meth:`~object.__reversed__` method or supports the sequence protocol (the " +":meth:`~object.__len__` method and the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method " +"with integer arguments starting at ``0``)." +msgstr "" +"返回一个反向的 :term:`iterator`。 *seq* 必须是一个具有 :meth:`~object.__reversed__` " +"方法或是支持序列协议（具有 :meth:`~object.__len__` 方法和从 ``0`` 开始的整数参数的 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法）的对象。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1762 +msgid "" +"Return *number* rounded to *ndigits* precision after the decimal point. If " +"*ndigits* is omitted or is ``None``, it returns the nearest integer to its " +"input." +msgstr "" +"返回 *number* 舍入到小数点后 *ndigits* 位精度的值。 如果 *ndigits* 被省略或为 " +"``None``，则返回最接近输入值的整数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1766 +msgid "" +"For the built-in types supporting :func:`round`, values are rounded to the " +"closest multiple of 10 to the power minus *ndigits*; if two multiples are " +"equally close, rounding is done toward the even choice (so, for example, " +"both ``round(0.5)`` and ``round(-0.5)`` are ``0``, and ``round(1.5)`` is " +"``2``). Any integer value is valid for *ndigits* (positive, zero, or " +"negative). The return value is an integer if *ndigits* is omitted or " +"``None``. Otherwise, the return value has the same type as *number*." +msgstr "" +"对于支持 :func:`round` 方法的内置类型，结果值会舍入至最接近的 10 的负 *ndigits* " +"次幂的倍数；如果与两个倍数同样接近，则选用偶数。因此，``round(0.5)`` 和 ``round(-0.5)`` 均得出 ``0`` 而 " +"``round(1.5)`` 则为 ``2``。*ndigits* 可为任意整数值（正数、零或负数）。如果省略了 *ndigits* 或为 " +"``None`` ，则返回值将为整数。否则返回值与 *number* 的类型相同。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"For a general Python object ``number``, ``round`` delegates to " +"``number.__round__``." +msgstr "对于一般的 Python 对象 ``number``, ``round`` 将委托给 ``number.__round__``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"The behavior of :func:`round` for floats can be surprising: for example, " +"``round(2.675, 2)`` gives ``2.67`` instead of the expected ``2.68``. This is" +" not a bug: it's a result of the fact that most decimal fractions can't be " +"represented exactly as a float. See :ref:`tut-fp-issues` for more " +"information." +msgstr "" +"对浮点数执行 :func:`round` 的行为可能会令人惊讶：例如，``round(2.675, 2)`` 将给出 ``2.67`` 而不是期望的 " +"``2.68``。 这不算是程序错误：这一结果是由于大多数十进制小数实际上都不能以浮点数精确地表示。 请参阅 :ref:`tut-fp-issues` " +"了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`set` object, optionally with elements taken from " +"*iterable*. ``set`` is a built-in class. See :class:`set` and :ref:`types-" +"set` for documentation about this class." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`set` 对象，可以选择带有从 *iterable* 获取的元素。 ``set`` 是一个内置类型。 请查看 " +":class:`set` 和 :ref:`types-set` 获取关于这个类的文档。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"For other containers see the built-in :class:`frozenset`, :class:`list`, " +":class:`tuple`, and :class:`dict` classes, as well as the :mod:`collections`" +" module." +msgstr "" +"有关其他容器请参看内置的 :class:`frozenset`, :class:`list`, :class:`tuple` 和 " +":class:`dict` 类，以及 :mod:`collections` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"This is the counterpart of :func:`getattr`. The arguments are an object, a " +"string, and an arbitrary value. The string may name an existing attribute " +"or a new attribute. The function assigns the value to the attribute, " +"provided the object allows it. For example, ``setattr(x, 'foobar', 123)`` " +"is equivalent to ``x.foobar = 123``." +msgstr "" +"本函数与 :func:`getattr` " +"相对应。其参数为一个对象、一个字符串和一个任意值。字符串可以为某现有属性的名称，或为新属性。只要对象允许，函数会将值赋给属性。如 " +"``setattr(x, 'foobar', 123)`` 等价于 ``x.foobar = 123``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"*name* need not be a Python identifier as defined in :ref:`identifiers` " +"unless the object chooses to enforce that, for example in a custom " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` or via :attr:`~object.__slots__`. An " +"attribute whose name is not an identifier will not be accessible using the " +"dot notation, but is accessible through :func:`getattr` etc.." +msgstr "" +"*name* 无需为在 :ref:`identifiers` 中定义的 Python 标识符除非对象选择强制这样做，例如在一个自定义的 " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 中或是通过 :attr:`~object.__slots__`。 " +"一个名称不为标识符的属性将不可使用点号标记来访问，但是可以通过 :func:`getattr` 等来访问。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1817 +msgid "" +"Since :ref:`private name mangling ` happens at " +"compilation time, one must manually mangle a private attribute's (attributes" +" with two leading underscores) name in order to set it with :func:`setattr`." +msgstr "" +"由于 :ref:`私有名称混合 ` " +"发生在编译时，因此必须手动混合私有属性（以两个下划线打头的属性）名称以便使用 :func:`setattr` 来设置它。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1826 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`slice` object representing the set of indices specified by " +"``range(start, stop, step)``. The *start* and *step* arguments default to " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"返回一个表示由 ``range(start, stop, step)`` 指定的索引集的 :term:`slice` 对象。 *start* 和 " +"*step* 参数默认为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1834 +msgid "" +"Slice objects have read-only data attributes :attr:`!start`, :attr:`!stop`, " +"and :attr:`!step` which merely return the argument values (or their " +"default). They have no other explicit functionality; however, they are used" +" by NumPy and other third-party packages." +msgstr "" +"切片对象具有只读的数据属性 :attr:`!start`, :attr:`!stop` 和 " +":attr:`!step`，它们将简单地返回相应的参数值（或其默认值）。 它们没有其他显式的功能；但是，它们会被 NumPy 和其他第三方包所使用。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1839 +msgid "" +"Slice objects are also generated when extended indexing syntax is used. For" +" example: ``a[start:stop:step]`` or ``a[start:stop, i]``. See " +":func:`itertools.islice` for an alternate version that returns an " +":term:`iterator`." +msgstr "" +"当使用扩展索引语法时也会生成切片对象。 例如: ``a[start:stop:step]`` 或 ``a[start:stop, i]``。 请参阅 " +":func:`itertools.islice` 了解返回 :term:`iterator` 的替代版本。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1844 +msgid "" +"Slice objects are now :term:`hashable` (provided :attr:`~slice.start`, " +":attr:`~slice.stop`, and :attr:`~slice.step` are hashable)." +msgstr "" +"Slice 对象现在将为 :term:`hashable` (如果 :attr:`~slice.start`, :attr:`~slice.stop` " +"和 :attr:`~slice.step` 均为可哈希对象)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1850 +msgid "Return a new sorted list from the items in *iterable*." +msgstr "根据 *iterable* 中的项返回一个新的已排序列表。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1852 +msgid "" +"Has two optional arguments which must be specified as keyword arguments." +msgstr "具有两个可选参数，它们都必须指定为关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1854 +msgid "" +"*key* specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract a " +"comparison key from each element in *iterable* (for example, " +"``key=str.lower``). The default value is ``None`` (compare the elements " +"directly)." +msgstr "" +"*key* 指定带有单个参数的函数，用于从 *iterable* 的每个元素中提取用于比较的键 (例如 ``key=str.lower``)。 默认值为" +" ``None`` (直接比较元素)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"*reverse* is a boolean value. If set to ``True``, then the list elements " +"are sorted as if each comparison were reversed." +msgstr "*reverse* 为一个布尔值。 如果设为 ``True``，则每个列表元素将按反向顺序比较进行排序。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1861 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` to convert an old-style *cmp* function to a" +" *key* function." +msgstr "使用 :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` 可将老式的 *cmp* 函数转换为 *key* 函数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1864 +msgid "" +"The built-in :func:`sorted` function is guaranteed to be stable. A sort is " +"stable if it guarantees not to change the relative order of elements that " +"compare equal --- this is helpful for sorting in multiple passes (for " +"example, sort by department, then by salary grade)." +msgstr "" +"内置的 :func:`sorted` 确保是稳定的。 如果一个排序确保不会改变比较结果相等的元素的相对顺序就称其为稳定的 --- " +"这有利于进行多重排序（例如先按部门、再按薪级排序）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1869 +msgid "" +"The sort algorithm uses only ``<`` comparisons between items. While " +"defining an :meth:`~object.__lt__` method will suffice for sorting, :PEP:`8`" +" recommends that all six :ref:`rich comparisons ` be " +"implemented. This will help avoid bugs when using the same data with other " +"ordering tools such as :func:`max` that rely on a different underlying " +"method. Implementing all six comparisons also helps avoid confusion for " +"mixed type comparisons which can call reflected the :meth:`~object.__gt__` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"排序算法只使用 ``<`` 在项目之间比较。 虽然定义一个 :meth:`~object.__lt__` 方法就足以进行排序，但 :PEP:`8` " +"建议实现所有六个 :ref:`富比较 ` 。 这将有助于避免在与其他排序工具（如 :func:`max` " +"）使用相同的数据时出现错误，这些工具依赖于不同的底层方法。实现所有六个比较也有助于避免混合类型比较的混乱，因为混合类型比较可以调用反射到 " +":meth:`~object.__gt__` 的方法。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1878 +msgid "" +"For sorting examples and a brief sorting tutorial, see :ref:`sortinghowto`." +msgstr "有关排序示例和简要排序教程，请参阅 :ref:`sortinghowto` 。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1882 +msgid "Transform a method into a static method." +msgstr "将方法转换为静态方法。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1884 +msgid "" +"A static method does not receive an implicit first argument. To declare a " +"static method, use this idiom::" +msgstr "静态方法不会接收隐式的第一个参数。要声明一个静态方法，请使用此语法 ::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1887 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def f(arg1, arg2, argN): ..." +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def f(arg1, arg2, argN): ..." + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1891 +msgid "" +"The ``@staticmethod`` form is a function :term:`decorator` -- see " +":ref:`function` for details." +msgstr "" +"``@staticmethod`` 这样的形式称为函数的 :term:`decorator` -- 详情参阅 :ref:`function`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1894 +msgid "" +"A static method can be called either on the class (such as ``C.f()``) or on " +"an instance (such as ``C().f()``). Moreover, the static method " +":term:`descriptor` is also callable, so it can be used in the class " +"definition (such as ``f()``)." +msgstr "" +"静态方式既可以在类上调用 (如 ``C.f()``)，也可以在实例上调用 (如 ``C().f()``)。 此外，静态方法 " +":term:`descriptor` 也属于可调用对象，因而它们可以在类定义中使用 (如 ``f()``)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1899 +msgid "" +"Static methods in Python are similar to those found in Java or C++. Also, " +"see :func:`classmethod` for a variant that is useful for creating alternate " +"class constructors." +msgstr "Python 的静态方法与 Java 或 C++ 类似。另请参阅 :func:`classmethod` ，可用于创建另一种类构造函数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"Like all decorators, it is also possible to call ``staticmethod`` as a " +"regular function and do something with its result. This is needed in some " +"cases where you need a reference to a function from a class body and you " +"want to avoid the automatic transformation to instance method. For these " +"cases, use this idiom::" +msgstr "" +"像所有装饰器一样，也可以像常规函数一样调用 ``staticmethod`` " +"，并对其结果执行某些操作。比如某些情况下需要从类主体引用函数并且您希望避免自动转换为实例方法。对于这些情况，请使用此语法::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1909 +msgid "" +"def regular_function():\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class C:\n" +" method = staticmethod(regular_function)" +msgstr "" +"def regular_function():\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class C:\n" +" method = staticmethod(regular_function)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1915 +msgid "For more information on static methods, see :ref:`types`." +msgstr "想了解更多有关静态方法的信息，请参阅 :ref:`types` 。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1917 +msgid "" +"Static methods now inherit the method attributes " +"(:attr:`~function.__module__`, :attr:`~function.__name__`, " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__` and " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`), have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute, " +"and are now callable as regular functions." +msgstr "" +"静态方法现在继承了方法的属性 (:attr:`~function.__module__`, :attr:`~function.__name__`, " +":attr:`~function.__qualname__`, :attr:`~function.__doc__` 和 " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`)，并具有新的 ``__wrapped__`` " +"属性，现在是属于与常规函数类似的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1933 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`str` version of *object*. See :func:`str` for details." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`str` 版本的 *object* 。有关详细信息，请参阅 :func:`str` 。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1935 +msgid "" +"``str`` is the built-in string :term:`class`. For general information about" +" strings, see :ref:`textseq`." +msgstr "``str`` 是内置字符串 :term:`class` 。更多关于字符串的信息查看 :ref:`textseq`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1941 +msgid "" +"Sums *start* and the items of an *iterable* from left to right and returns " +"the total. The *iterable*'s items are normally numbers, and the start value" +" is not allowed to be a string." +msgstr "" +"从 *start* 开始自左向右对 *iterable* 的项求和并返回总计值。 *iterable* 的项通常为数字，而 start " +"值则不允许为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"For some use cases, there are good alternatives to :func:`sum`. The " +"preferred, fast way to concatenate a sequence of strings is by calling " +"``''.join(sequence)``. To add floating-point values with extended " +"precision, see :func:`math.fsum`\\. To concatenate a series of iterables, " +"consider using :func:`itertools.chain`." +msgstr "" +"对于某些用例，存在 :func:`sum` 的更好替代。 拼接字符串序列的更好、更快的方式是调用 ``''.join(sequence)``。 " +"要以扩展的精度执行浮点数值的求和，请参阅 :func:`math.fsum`。 要拼接一系列可迭代对象，请考虑使用 " +":func:`itertools.chain`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1951 +msgid "The *start* parameter can be specified as a keyword argument." +msgstr "*start* 形参可用关键字参数形式来指定。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"Summation of floats switched to an algorithm that gives higher accuracy and " +"better commutativity on most builds." +msgstr "浮点数的求和已切换为一种可在大多数构建版本中给出更高精确度和更好适应性的算法。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1961 +msgid "" +"Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling " +"class of *type*. This is useful for accessing inherited methods that have " +"been overridden in a class." +msgstr "返回一个代理对象，它会将方法调用委托给 *type* 的父类或兄弟类。 这对于访问已在类中被重写的继承方法很有用。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1965 +msgid "" +"The *object_or_type* determines the :term:`method resolution order` to be " +"searched. The search starts from the class right after the *type*." +msgstr "" +"*object_or_type* 确定要用于搜索的 :term:`method resolution order`。 搜索会从 *type* " +"之后的类开始。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1969 +msgid "" +"For example, if :attr:`~type.__mro__` of *object_or_type* is ``D -> B -> C " +"-> A -> object`` and the value of *type* is ``B``, then :func:`super` " +"searches ``C -> A -> object``." +msgstr "" +"举例来说，如果 *object_or_type* 的 :attr:`~type.__mro__` 为 ``D -> B -> C -> A -> " +"object`` 并且 *type* 的值为 ``B``，则 :func:`super` 将会搜索 ``C -> A -> object``。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1973 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~type.__mro__` attribute of the class corresponding to " +"*object_or_type* lists the method resolution search order used by both " +":func:`getattr` and :func:`super`. The attribute is dynamic and can change " +"whenever the inheritance hierarchy is updated." +msgstr "" +"对应于 *object_or_type* 的类的 :attr:`~type.__mro__` 属性列出了 :func:`getattr` 和 " +":func:`super` 所共同使用的方法解析搜索顺序。 该属性是动态的并可在任何继承层级结构更新时被改变。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1978 +msgid "" +"If the second argument is omitted, the super object returned is unbound. If" +" the second argument is an object, ``isinstance(obj, type)`` must be true. " +"If the second argument is a type, ``issubclass(type2, type)`` must be true " +"(this is useful for classmethods)." +msgstr "" +"如果省略第二个参数，则返回的超类对象是未绑定的。 如果第二个参数为一个对象，则 ``isinstance(obj, type)`` 必须为真值。 " +"如果第二个参数为一个类型，则 ``issubclass(type2, type)`` 必须为真值（这适用于类方法）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1983 +msgid "" +"When called directly within an ordinary method of a class, both arguments " +"may be omitted (\"zero-argument :func:`!super`\"). In this case, *type* will" +" be the enclosing class, and *obj* will be the first argument of the " +"immediately enclosing function (typically ``self``). (This means that zero-" +"argument :func:`!super` will not work as expected within nested functions, " +"including generator expressions, which implicitly create nested functions.)" +msgstr "" +"当在普通方法或类中直接调用时，这两个参数均可被省略 (即 \"零参数 :func:`!super`\")。 在此情况下，*type* 将为其外层的类，而" +" *obj* 将为其所在函数的第一个参数 (通常为 ``self``)。 (这意味着零参数 :func:`!super` " +"在嵌套的函数内的行为将不会如预期那样，这也包括生成器表达式，因为它会隐式地创建嵌套的函数。)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1990 +msgid "" +"There are two typical use cases for *super*. In a class hierarchy with " +"single inheritance, *super* can be used to refer to parent classes without " +"naming them explicitly, thus making the code more maintainable. This use " +"closely parallels the use of *super* in other programming languages." +msgstr "" +"*super* 有两个典型用例。 在具有单继承的类层级结构中，*super* 可用来引用父类而不必显式地指定它们的名称，从而令代码更易维护。 " +"这种用法与其他编程语言中 *super* 的用法非常相似。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1995 +msgid "" +"The second use case is to support cooperative multiple inheritance in a " +"dynamic execution environment. This use case is unique to Python and is not" +" found in statically compiled languages or languages that only support " +"single inheritance. This makes it possible to implement \"diamond " +"diagrams\" where multiple base classes implement the same method. Good " +"design dictates that such implementations have the same calling signature in" +" every case (because the order of calls is determined at runtime, because " +"that order adapts to changes in the class hierarchy, and because that order " +"can include sibling classes that are unknown prior to runtime)." +msgstr "" +"第二个用例是在动态执行环境中支持协作多重继承。 此用例为 Python 所独有而不存在于静态编码语言或仅支持单继承的语言当中。 " +"这使用实现“菱形图”成为可能，即有多个基类实现相同的方法。 " +"好的设计强制要求这样的方法在每个情况下都具有相同的调用签名（因为调用顺序是在运行时确定的，也因为这个顺序要适应类层级结构的更改，还因为这个顺序可能包括在运行时之前未知的兄弟类）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2005 +msgid "For both use cases, a typical superclass call looks like this::" +msgstr "对于以上两个用例，典型的超类调用看起来是这样的::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2007 +msgid "" +"class C(B):\n" +" def method(self, arg):\n" +" super().method(arg) # This does the same thing as:\n" +" # super(C, self).method(arg)" +msgstr "" +"class C(B):\n" +" def method(self, arg):\n" +" super().method(arg) # 它的作用像：\n" +" # super(C, self).method(arg)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2012 +msgid "" +"In addition to method lookups, :func:`super` also works for attribute " +"lookups. One possible use case for this is calling :term:`descriptors " +"` in a parent or sibling class." +msgstr "" +"除了方法查找之外，:func:`super` 也可用于属性查找。 一个可能的应用场合是在上级或同级类中调用 :term:`描述器 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2016 +msgid "" +"Note that :func:`super` is implemented as part of the binding process for " +"explicit dotted attribute lookups such as ``super().__getitem__(name)``. It " +"does so by implementing its own :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` method for " +"searching classes in a predictable order that supports cooperative multiple " +"inheritance. Accordingly, :func:`super` is undefined for implicit lookups " +"using statements or operators such as ``super()[name]``." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :func:`super` 被实现为为显式的带点号属性查找的绑定过程的组成部分，例如 " +"``super().__getitem__(name)``。 它做到这一点是通过实现自己的 " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 方法以便能够按支持协作多重继承的可预测的顺序来搜索类。 " +"相应地，:func:`super` 在像 ``super()[name]`` 这样使用语句或运算符进行隐式查找时则是未定义的。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2024 +msgid "" +"Also note that, aside from the zero argument form, :func:`super` is not " +"limited to use inside methods. The two argument form specifies the " +"arguments exactly and makes the appropriate references. The zero argument " +"form only works inside a class definition, as the compiler fills in the " +"necessary details to correctly retrieve the class being defined, as well as " +"accessing the current instance for ordinary methods." +msgstr "" +"还要注意的是，除了零个参数的形式以外，:func:`super` 并不限于在方法内部使用。 两个参数的形式明确指定参数并进行相应的引用。 " +"零个参数的形式仅适用于类定义内部，因为编译器需要填入必要的细节以正确地检索到被定义的类，还需要让普通方法访问当前实例。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2031 +msgid "" +"For practical suggestions on how to design cooperative classes using " +":func:`super`, see `guide to using super() " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"对于有关如何使用 :func:`super` 来如何设计协作类的实用建议，请参阅 `使用 super() 的指南 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2041 +msgid "" +"Rather than being a function, :class:`tuple` is actually an immutable " +"sequence type, as documented in :ref:`typesseq-tuple` and :ref:`typesseq`." +msgstr "" +"虽然被称为函数，但 :class:`tuple` 实际上是一个不可变的序列类型，参见在 :ref:`typesseq-tuple` 与 " +":ref:`typesseq` 中的文档说明。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2050 +msgid "" +"With one argument, return the type of an *object*. The return value is a " +"type object and generally the same object as returned by " +":attr:`object.__class__`." +msgstr "" +"传入一个参数时，返回 *object* 的类型。 返回值是一个 type 对象并且通常与 :attr:`object.__class__` " +"所返回的对象相同。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2054 +msgid "" +"The :func:`isinstance` built-in function is recommended for testing the type" +" of an object, because it takes subclasses into account." +msgstr "推荐使用 :func:`isinstance` 内置函数来检测对象的类型，因为它会考虑子类的情况。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2057 +msgid "" +"With three arguments, return a new type object. This is essentially a " +"dynamic form of the :keyword:`class` statement. The *name* string is the " +"class name and becomes the :attr:`~type.__name__` attribute. The *bases* " +"tuple contains the base classes and becomes the :attr:`~type.__bases__` " +"attribute; if empty, :class:`object`, the ultimate base of all classes, is " +"added. The *dict* dictionary contains attribute and method definitions for " +"the class body; it may be copied or wrapped before becoming the " +":attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute. The following two statements create " +"identical :class:`!type` objects:" +msgstr "" +"传入三个参数时，返回一个新的 type 对象。 这在本质上是 :keyword:`class` 语句的一种动态形式。 *name* 字符串即类名并会成为" +" :attr:`~type.__name__` 属性；*bases* 元组包含基类并会成为 :attr:`~type.__bases__` " +"属性；如果为空，则会添加所有类的终极基类，即 :class:`object`。 *dict* 字典包含类体的属性和方法定义；它在成为 " +":attr:`~type.__dict__` 属性之前可能会被拷贝或包装。 下面两条语句会创建同样的 :class:`!type` 对象：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2072 +msgid "See also:" +msgstr "另请参阅：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2074 +msgid "" +":ref:`Documentation on attributes and methods on classes `." +msgstr ":ref:`有关类的属性和方法的文档 `。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2075 +msgid ":ref:`bltin-type-objects`" +msgstr ":ref:`bltin-type-objects`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2077 +msgid "" +"Keyword arguments provided to the three argument form are passed to the " +"appropriate metaclass machinery (usually :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__`) " +"in the same way that keywords in a class definition (besides *metaclass*) " +"would." +msgstr "" +"提供给三参数形式的关键字参数会被传递给适当的元类机制 (通常为 " +":meth:`~object.__init_subclass__`)，相当于类定义中关键字 (除了 *metaclass*) 的行为方式。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2082 +msgid "See also :ref:`class-customization`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`class-customization`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2084 +msgid "" +"Subclasses of :class:`!type` which don't override ``type.__new__`` may no " +"longer use the one-argument form to get the type of an object." +msgstr ":class:`!type` 的子类如果未重写 ``type.__new__`` 将不再能使用一个参数的形式来获取对象的类型。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"Return the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute for a module, class, instance," +" or any other object with a :attr:`!__dict__` attribute." +msgstr "" +"返回模块、类、实例或任何其他具有 :attr:`!__dict__` 属性的对象的 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2094 +msgid "" +"Objects such as modules and instances have an updateable " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute; however, other objects may have write " +"restrictions on their :attr:`!__dict__` attributes (for example, classes use" +" a :class:`types.MappingProxyType` to prevent direct dictionary updates)." +msgstr "" +"模块和实例这样的对象具有可更新的 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性；但是，其他对象的 :attr:`!__dict__` " +"属性可能会设置写入限制（例如，类会使用 :class:`types.MappingProxyType` 来防止直接更新字典）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2099 +msgid "Without an argument, :func:`vars` acts like :func:`locals`." +msgstr "不带参数时，:func:`vars` 的行为将类似于 :func:`locals`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2101 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised if an object is specified but it " +"doesn't have a :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute (for example, if its class" +" defines the :attr:`~object.__slots__` attribute)." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了一个对象但它没有 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性（例如，当它所属的类定义了 " +":attr:`~object.__slots__` 属性时）则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2107 +msgid "" +"The result of calling this function without an argument has been updated as " +"described for the :func:`locals` builtin." +msgstr "不带参数调用此函数的结果已被更新为与 :func:`locals` 内置函数的描述类似。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2113 +msgid "" +"Iterate over several iterables in parallel, producing tuples with an item " +"from each one." +msgstr "在多个迭代器上并行迭代，从每个迭代器返回一个数据项组成元组。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2116 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2118 +msgid "" +">>> for item in zip([1, 2, 3], ['sugar', 'spice', 'everything nice']):\n" +"... print(item)\n" +"...\n" +"(1, 'sugar')\n" +"(2, 'spice')\n" +"(3, 'everything nice')" +msgstr "" +">>> for item in zip([1, 2, 3], ['sugar', 'spice', 'everything nice']):\n" +"... print(item)\n" +"...\n" +"(1, 'sugar')\n" +"(2, 'spice')\n" +"(3, 'everything nice')" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2125 +msgid "" +"More formally: :func:`zip` returns an iterator of tuples, where the *i*-th " +"tuple contains the *i*-th element from each of the argument iterables." +msgstr "更正式的说法： :func:`zip` 返回元组的迭代器，其中第 *i* 个元组包含的是每个参数迭代器的第 *i* 个元素。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2128 +msgid "" +"Another way to think of :func:`zip` is that it turns rows into columns, and " +"columns into rows. This is similar to `transposing a matrix " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"不妨换一种方式认识 :func:`zip` ：它会把行变成列，把列变成行。这类似于 `矩阵转置 " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2132 +msgid "" +":func:`zip` is lazy: The elements won't be processed until the iterable is " +"iterated on, e.g. by a :keyword:`!for` loop or by wrapping in a " +":class:`list`." +msgstr "" +":func:`zip` 是延迟执行的：直至迭代时才会对元素进行处理，比如 :keyword:`!for` 循环或放入 :class:`list` 中。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2136 +msgid "" +"One thing to consider is that the iterables passed to :func:`zip` could have" +" different lengths; sometimes by design, and sometimes because of a bug in " +"the code that prepared these iterables. Python offers three different " +"approaches to dealing with this issue:" +msgstr "" +"值得考虑的是，传给 :func:`zip` 的可迭代对象可能长度不同；有时是有意为之，有时是因为准备这些对象的代码存在错误。Python " +"提供了三种不同的处理方案：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2141 +msgid "" +"By default, :func:`zip` stops when the shortest iterable is exhausted. It " +"will ignore the remaining items in the longer iterables, cutting off the " +"result to the length of the shortest iterable::" +msgstr "默认情况下，:func:`zip` 在最短的迭代完成后停止。较长可迭代对象中的剩余项将被忽略，结果会裁切至最短可迭代对象的长度：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2145 +msgid "" +">>> list(zip(range(3), ['fee', 'fi', 'fo', 'fum']))\n" +"[(0, 'fee'), (1, 'fi'), (2, 'fo')]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(zip(range(3), ['fee', 'fi', 'fo', 'fum']))\n" +"[(0, 'fee'), (1, 'fi'), (2, 'fo')]" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2148 +msgid "" +":func:`zip` is often used in cases where the iterables are assumed to be of " +"equal length. In such cases, it's recommended to use the ``strict=True`` " +"option. Its output is the same as regular :func:`zip`::" +msgstr "" +"通常 :func:`zip` 用于可迭代对象等长的情况下。这时建议用 ``strict=True`` 的选项。输出与普通的 :func:`zip` " +"相同：。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2152 +msgid "" +">>> list(zip(('a', 'b', 'c'), (1, 2, 3), strict=True))\n" +"[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(zip(('a', 'b', 'c'), (1, 2, 3), strict=True))\n" +"[('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2155 +msgid "" +"Unlike the default behavior, it raises a :exc:`ValueError` if one iterable " +"is exhausted before the others:" +msgstr "与默认行为不同，如果一个可迭代对象在其他几个之前被耗尽则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`:" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2173 +msgid "" +"Without the ``strict=True`` argument, any bug that results in iterables of " +"different lengths will be silenced, possibly manifesting as a hard-to-find " +"bug in another part of the program." +msgstr "" +"如果未指定 ``strict=True`` 参数，所有导致可迭代对象长度不同的错误都会被抑制，这可能会在程序的其他地方表现为难以发现的错误。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2177 +msgid "" +"Shorter iterables can be padded with a constant value to make all the " +"iterables have the same length. This is done by " +":func:`itertools.zip_longest`." +msgstr "" +"为了让所有的可迭代对象具有相同的长度，长度较短的可用常量进行填充。这可由 :func:`itertools.zip_longest` 来完成。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2181 +msgid "" +"Edge cases: With a single iterable argument, :func:`zip` returns an iterator" +" of 1-tuples. With no arguments, it returns an empty iterator." +msgstr "极端例子是只有一个可迭代对象参数，:func:`zip` 会返回一个一元组的迭代器。如果未给出参数，则返回一个空的迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2184 +msgid "Tips and tricks:" +msgstr "小技巧：" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2186 +msgid "" +"The left-to-right evaluation order of the iterables is guaranteed. This " +"makes possible an idiom for clustering a data series into n-length groups " +"using ``zip(*[iter(s)]*n, strict=True)``. This repeats the *same* iterator " +"``n`` times so that each output tuple has the result of ``n`` calls to the " +"iterator. This has the effect of dividing the input into n-length chunks." +msgstr "" +"可确保迭代器的求值顺序是从左到右的。这样就能用 ``zip(*[iter(s)]*n, strict=True)`` 将数据列表按长度 n " +"进行分组。这将重复 *相同* 的迭代器 ``n`` 次，输出的每个元组都包含 ``n`` 次调用迭代器的结果。这样做的效果是把输入拆分为长度为 n " +"的块。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2192 +msgid "" +":func:`zip` in conjunction with the ``*`` operator can be used to unzip a " +"list::" +msgstr ":func:`zip` 与 ``*`` 运算符相结合可以用来拆解一个列表::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2195 +msgid "" +">>> x = [1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> y = [4, 5, 6]\n" +">>> list(zip(x, y))\n" +"[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]\n" +">>> x2, y2 = zip(*zip(x, y))\n" +">>> x == list(x2) and y == list(y2)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> x = [1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> y = [4, 5, 6]\n" +">>> list(zip(x, y))\n" +"[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]\n" +">>> x2, y2 = zip(*zip(x, y))\n" +">>> x == list(x2) and y == list(y2)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2203 +msgid "Added the ``strict`` argument." +msgstr "增加了 ``strict`` 参数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2215 +msgid "" +"This is an advanced function that is not needed in everyday Python " +"programming, unlike :func:`importlib.import_module`." +msgstr "与 :func:`importlib.import_module` 不同，这是一个日常 Python 编程中不需要用到的高级函数。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2218 +msgid "" +"This function is invoked by the :keyword:`import` statement. It can be " +"replaced (by importing the :mod:`builtins` module and assigning to " +"``builtins.__import__``) in order to change semantics of the " +":keyword:`!import` statement, but doing so is **strongly** discouraged as it" +" is usually simpler to use import hooks (see :pep:`302`) to attain the same " +"goals and does not cause issues with code which assumes the default import " +"implementation is in use. Direct use of :func:`__import__` is also " +"discouraged in favor of :func:`importlib.import_module`." +msgstr "" +"此函数会由 :keyword:`import` 语句唤起。 它可以被替换 (通过导入 :mod:`builtins` 模块并赋值给 " +"``builtins.__import__``) 以便修改 :keyword:`!import` 语句的语义，但是 **强烈** " +"不建议这样做，因为使用导入钩子 (参见 :pep:`302`) 通常更容易实现同样的目标，并且不会导致代码问题，因为许多代码都会假定所用的是默认实现。 " +"同样也不建议直接使用 :func:`__import__` 而应该用 :func:`importlib.import_module`。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2227 +msgid "" +"The function imports the module *name*, potentially using the given " +"*globals* and *locals* to determine how to interpret the name in a package " +"context. The *fromlist* gives the names of objects or submodules that should" +" be imported from the module given by *name*. The standard implementation " +"does not use its *locals* argument at all and uses its *globals* only to " +"determine the package context of the :keyword:`import` statement." +msgstr "" +"本函数会导入模块 *name*，利用 *globals* 和 *locals* 来决定如何在包的上下文中解释该名称。*fromlist* 给出了应从 " +"*name* 模块中导入的对象或子模块的名称。标准的实现代码完全不会用到 *locals* 参数，只用到了 *globals* 用于确定 " +":keyword:`import` 语句所在的包上下文。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2234 +msgid "" +"*level* specifies whether to use absolute or relative imports. ``0`` (the " +"default) means only perform absolute imports. Positive values for *level* " +"indicate the number of parent directories to search relative to the " +"directory of the module calling :func:`__import__` (see :pep:`328` for the " +"details)." +msgstr "" +"*level* 指定是使用绝对还是相对导入。 ``0`` (默认值) 意味着仅执行绝对导入。 *level* 为正数值表示相对于模块调用 " +":func:`__import__` 的目录，将要搜索的父目录层数 (详情参见 :pep:`328`)。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2240 +msgid "" +"When the *name* variable is of the form ``package.module``, normally, the " +"top-level package (the name up till the first dot) is returned, *not* the " +"module named by *name*. However, when a non-empty *fromlist* argument is " +"given, the module named by *name* is returned." +msgstr "" +"当 *name* 变量的形式为 ``package.module`` 时，通常将会返回最高层级的包（第一个点号之前的名称），而 *不是* 以 " +"*name* 命名的模块。 但是，当给出了非空的 *fromlist* 参数时，则将返回以 *name* 命名的模块。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2245 +msgid "" +"For example, the statement ``import spam`` results in bytecode resembling " +"the following code::" +msgstr "例如，语句 ``import spam`` 的结果将为与以下代码作用相同的字节码::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2248 +msgid "spam = __import__('spam', globals(), locals(), [], 0)" +msgstr "spam = __import__('spam', globals(), locals(), [], 0)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2250 +msgid "The statement ``import spam.ham`` results in this call::" +msgstr "语句 ``import spam.ham`` 的结果将为以下调用::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2252 +msgid "spam = __import__('spam.ham', globals(), locals(), [], 0)" +msgstr "spam = __import__('spam.ham', globals(), locals(), [], 0)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2254 +msgid "" +"Note how :func:`__import__` returns the toplevel module here because this is" +" the object that is bound to a name by the :keyword:`import` statement." +msgstr "" +"请注意在这里 :func:`__import__` 是如何返回顶层模块的，因为这是通过 :keyword:`import` 语句被绑定到特定名称的对象。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2257 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, the statement ``from spam.ham import eggs, sausage as " +"saus`` results in ::" +msgstr "另一方面，语句 ``from spam.ham import eggs, sausage as saus`` 的结果将为 ::" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2260 +msgid "" +"_temp = __import__('spam.ham', globals(), locals(), ['eggs', 'sausage'], 0)\n" +"eggs = _temp.eggs\n" +"saus = _temp.sausage" +msgstr "" +"_temp = __import__('spam.ham', globals(), locals(), ['eggs', 'sausage'], 0)\n" +"eggs = _temp.eggs\n" +"saus = _temp.sausage" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2264 +msgid "" +"Here, the ``spam.ham`` module is returned from :func:`__import__`. From " +"this object, the names to import are retrieved and assigned to their " +"respective names." +msgstr "" +"在这里， ``spam.ham`` 模块会由 :func:`__import__` 返回。 要导入的对象将从此对象中提取并赋值给它们对应的名称。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2268 +msgid "" +"If you simply want to import a module (potentially within a package) by " +"name, use :func:`importlib.import_module`." +msgstr "如果您只想按名称导入模块（可能在包中），请使用 :func:`importlib.import_module`" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2271 +msgid "" +"Negative values for *level* are no longer supported (which also changes the " +"default value to 0)." +msgstr "*level* 的值不再支持负数（默认值也修改为0）。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2275 +msgid "" +"When the command line options :option:`-E` or :option:`-I` are being used, " +"the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` is now ignored." +msgstr "" +"当使用了命令行参数 :option:`-E` 或 :option:`-I` 时，环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` 现在将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2280 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2281 +msgid "" +"Note that the parser only accepts the Unix-style end of line convention. If " +"you are reading the code from a file, make sure to use newline conversion " +"mode to convert Windows or Mac-style newlines." +msgstr "解析器只接受 Unix 风格的行结束符。如果您从文件中读取代码，请确保用换行符转换模式转换 Windows 或 Mac 风格的换行符。" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:154 +msgid "Boolean" +msgstr "布尔值" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:154 ../../library/functions.rst:2048 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:648 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:648 +msgid "exec" +msgstr "exec" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:746 +msgid "NaN" +msgstr "NaN" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:746 +msgid "Infinity" +msgstr "Infinity" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:814 +msgid "__format__" +msgstr "__format__" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:814 ../../library/functions.rst:1925 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:814 +msgid "format() (built-in function)" +msgstr "format() (内置函数)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1325 +msgid "file object" +msgstr "file object -- 文件对象" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1325 ../../library/functions.rst:1446 +msgid "open() built-in function" +msgstr "open() 内置函数" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1353 +msgid "file" +msgstr "文件" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1353 +msgid "modes" +msgstr "模式" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1446 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "line-buffered I/O" +msgstr "带行缓冲的 I/O" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "unbuffered I/O" +msgstr "不带缓冲的 I/O" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "buffer size, I/O" +msgstr "缓冲区大小, I/O" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "I/O control" +msgstr "I/O 控制" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "buffering" +msgstr "缓冲" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "text mode" +msgstr "文本模式" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 ../../library/functions.rst:2209 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1507 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:1925 +msgid "str() (built-in function)" +msgstr "str() (内置函数)" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2048 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2209 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2209 +msgid "import" +msgstr "import" + +#: ../../library/functions.rst:2209 +msgid "builtins" +msgstr "builtins" diff --git a/library/functools.po b/library/functools.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9292cf1ad --- /dev/null +++ b/library/functools.po @@ -0,0 +1,1382 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# zc Jin , 2021 +# Konge , 2021 +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# akira asura , 2021 +# Makdon , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`!functools` --- Higher-order functions and operations on callable " +"objects" +msgstr ":mod:`!functools` —— 高阶函数，以及可调用对象上的操作" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:14 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/functools.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/functools.py`" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`functools` module is for higher-order functions: functions that " +"act on or return other functions. In general, any callable object can be " +"treated as a function for the purposes of this module." +msgstr ":mod:`functools` 模块应用于高阶函数，即参数或（和）返回值为其他函数的函数。 通常来说，此模块的功能适用于所有可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:27 +msgid "The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`functools` 模块定义了以下函数:" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Simple lightweight unbounded function cache. Sometimes called `\"memoize\" " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"简单轻量级未绑定函数缓存。 有时称为 `\"memoize\" " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Returns the same as ``lru_cache(maxsize=None)``, creating a thin wrapper " +"around a dictionary lookup for the function arguments. Because it never " +"needs to evict old values, this is smaller and faster than :func:`lru_cache`" +" with a size limit." +msgstr "" +"返回值与 ``lru_cache(maxsize=None)`` 相同，创建一个查找函数参数的字典的简单包装器。 " +"因为它不需要清除旧值，所以比带有大小限制的 :func:`lru_cache` 更小更快。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:39 ../../library/functools.rst:291 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:41 +msgid "" +"@cache\n" +"def factorial(n):\n" +" return n * factorial(n-1) if n else 1\n" +"\n" +">>> factorial(10) # no previously cached result, makes 11 recursive calls\n" +"3628800\n" +">>> factorial(5) # just looks up cached value result\n" +"120\n" +">>> factorial(12) # makes two new recursive calls, the other 10 are cached\n" +"479001600" +msgstr "" +"@cache\n" +"def factorial(n):\n" +" return n * factorial(n-1) if n else 1\n" +"\n" +">>> factorial(10) # 不预先缓存结果，执行 11 次递归调用\n" +"3628800\n" +">>> factorial(5) # 只查找缓存结果值\n" +"120\n" +">>> factorial(12) # 执行两次新的递归调用，另外 10 次已缓存\n" +"479001600" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:52 ../../library/functools.rst:158 +msgid "" +"The cache is threadsafe so that the wrapped function can be used in multiple" +" threads. This means that the underlying data structure will remain " +"coherent during concurrent updates." +msgstr "该缓存是线程安全的因此被包装的函数可在多线程中使用。 这意味着下层的数据结构将在并发更新期间保持一致性。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:56 ../../library/functools.rst:162 +msgid "" +"It is possible for the wrapped function to be called more than once if " +"another thread makes an additional call before the initial call has been " +"completed and cached." +msgstr "如果另一个线程在初始调用完成并被缓存之前执行了额外的调用则被包装的函数可能会被多次调用。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Transform a method of a class into a property whose value is computed once " +"and then cached as a normal attribute for the life of the instance. Similar " +"to :func:`property`, with the addition of caching. Useful for expensive " +"computed properties of instances that are otherwise effectively immutable." +msgstr "" +"将一个类方法转换为特征属性，一次性计算该特征属性的值，然后将其缓存为实例生命周期内的普通属性。 类似于 :func:`property` " +"但增加了缓存功能。 对于在其他情况下实际不可变的高计算资源消耗的实例特征属性来说该函数非常有用。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:70 ../../library/functools.rst:142 +#: ../../library/functools.rst:383 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:72 +msgid "" +"class DataSet:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, sequence_of_numbers):\n" +" self._data = tuple(sequence_of_numbers)\n" +"\n" +" @cached_property\n" +" def stdev(self):\n" +" return statistics.stdev(self._data)" +msgstr "" +"class DataSet:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, sequence_of_numbers):\n" +" self._data = tuple(sequence_of_numbers)\n" +"\n" +" @cached_property\n" +" def stdev(self):\n" +" return statistics.stdev(self._data)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:81 +msgid "" +"The mechanics of :func:`cached_property` are somewhat different from " +":func:`property`. A regular property blocks attribute writes unless a " +"setter is defined. In contrast, a *cached_property* allows writes." +msgstr "" +":func:`cached_property` 的设定与 :func:`property` 有所不同。 常规的 property " +"会阻止属性写入，除非定义了 setter。 与之相反，*cached_property* 则允许写入。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:85 +msgid "" +"The *cached_property* decorator only runs on lookups and only when an " +"attribute of the same name doesn't exist. When it does run, the " +"*cached_property* writes to the attribute with the same name. Subsequent " +"attribute reads and writes take precedence over the *cached_property* method" +" and it works like a normal attribute." +msgstr "" +"*cached_property* 装饰器仅在执行查找且不存在同名属性时才会运行。 当运行时，*cached_property* 会写入同名的属性。 " +"后续的属性读取和写入操作会优先于 *cached_property* 方法，其行为就像普通的属性一样。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:91 +msgid "" +"The cached value can be cleared by deleting the attribute. This allows the " +"*cached_property* method to run again." +msgstr "缓存的值可通过删除该属性来清空。 这允许 *cached_property* 方法再次运行。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:94 +msgid "" +"The *cached_property* does not prevent a possible race condition in multi-" +"threaded usage. The getter function could run more than once on the same " +"instance, with the latest run setting the cached value. If the cached " +"property is idempotent or otherwise not harmful to run more than once on an " +"instance, this is fine. If synchronization is needed, implement the " +"necessary locking inside the decorated getter function or around the cached " +"property access." +msgstr "" +"*cached_property* 不能防止在多线程使用中可能出现的竞争条件。 getter 函数可以在同一实例上多次运行，最后一次运行将设置缓存值。 " +"如果缓存的特征属性是幂等的或者对于在同一实例上多次运行是无害的，那就没有问题。 如果需要进行同步，请在被装饰的 getter " +"函数内部或在缓存的特征属性访问外部实现必要的锁定操作。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Note, this decorator interferes with the operation of :pep:`412` key-sharing" +" dictionaries. This means that instance dictionaries can take more space " +"than usual." +msgstr "注意，这个装饰器会影响 :pep:`412` 键共享字典的操作。 这意味着相应的字典实例可能占用比通常时更多的空间。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Also, this decorator requires that the ``__dict__`` attribute on each " +"instance be a mutable mapping. This means it will not work with some types, " +"such as metaclasses (since the ``__dict__`` attributes on type instances are" +" read-only proxies for the class namespace), and those that specify " +"``__slots__`` without including ``__dict__`` as one of the defined slots (as" +" such classes don't provide a ``__dict__`` attribute at all)." +msgstr "" +"而且，这个装饰器要求每个实例上的 ``__dict__`` 是可变的映射。 这意味着它将不适用于某些类型，例如元类（因为类型实例上的 " +"``__dict__`` 属性是类命名空间的只读代理），以及那些指定了 ``__slots__`` 但未包括 ``__dict__`` " +"作为所定义的空位之一的类（因为这样的类根本没有提供 ``__dict__`` 属性）。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:113 +msgid "" +"If a mutable mapping is not available or if space-efficient key sharing is " +"desired, an effect similar to :func:`cached_property` can also be achieved " +"by stacking :func:`property` on top of :func:`lru_cache`. See :ref:`faq-" +"cache-method-calls` for more details on how this differs from " +":func:`cached_property`." +msgstr "" +"如果可变的映射不可用或者如果想要节省空间的键共享，可以通过在 :func:`lru_cache` 上堆叠 :func:`property` 来实现类似 " +":func:`cached_property` 的效果。 请参阅 :ref:`faq-cache-method-calls` 了解这与 " +":func:`cached_property` 之间区别的详情。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.12, ``cached_property`` included an undocumented lock to " +"ensure that in multi-threaded usage the getter function was guaranteed to " +"run only once per instance. However, the lock was per-property, not per-" +"instance, which could result in unacceptably high lock contention. In Python" +" 3.12+ this locking is removed." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.12 之前，``cached_property`` 包括了一个未写入文档的锁用来确保在多线程使用中 getter " +"函数对于每个实例保证只运行一次。 但是，这个锁是针对特征属性的，不是针对实例的，这可能导致不可接受的高强度锁争用。 在 Python 3.12+ " +"中这个锁已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Transform an old-style comparison function to a :term:`key function`. Used " +"with tools that accept key functions (such as :func:`sorted`, :func:`min`, " +":func:`max`, :func:`heapq.nlargest`, :func:`heapq.nsmallest`, " +":func:`itertools.groupby`). This function is primarily used as a transition" +" tool for programs being converted from Python 2 which supported the use of " +"comparison functions." +msgstr "" +"将(旧式的)比较函数转换为新式的 :term:`key function` . 在类似于 :func:`sorted` ， :func:`min` ，" +" :func:`max` ， :func:`heapq.nlargest` ， :func:`heapq.nsmallest` ， " +":func:`itertools.groupby` 等函数的 `key` 参数中使用。此函数主要用作将 Python 2 " +"程序转换至新版的转换工具，以保持对比较函数的兼容。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:137 +msgid "" +"A comparison function is any callable that accepts two arguments, compares " +"them, and returns a negative number for less-than, zero for equality, or a " +"positive number for greater-than. A key function is a callable that accepts" +" one argument and returns another value to be used as the sort key." +msgstr "" +"比较函数是任何接受两个参数，比较它们，并在结果为小于时返回负数，等于时返回零，大于时返回正数的可调用对象。键函数是接受一个参数并返回另一值的可调用对象，返回值在排序时被用作键。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:144 +msgid "" +"sorted(iterable, key=cmp_to_key(locale.strcoll)) # locale-aware sort order" +msgstr "sorted(iterable, key=cmp_to_key(locale.strcoll)) # 感知语言区域的排序设置" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:146 +msgid "" +"For sorting examples and a brief sorting tutorial, see :ref:`sortinghowto`." +msgstr "有关排序示例和简要排序教程，请参阅 :ref:`sortinghowto`。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Decorator to wrap a function with a memoizing callable that saves up to the " +"*maxsize* most recent calls. It can save time when an expensive or I/O " +"bound function is periodically called with the same arguments." +msgstr "" +"一个为函数提供缓存功能的装饰器，缓存 *maxsize* 组传入参数，在下次以相同参数调用时直接返回上一次的结果。用以节约高开销或I/O函数的调用时间。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Since a dictionary is used to cache results, the positional and keyword " +"arguments to the function must be :term:`hashable`." +msgstr "由于使用字典来缓存结果，因此传给该函数的位置和关键字参数必须为 :term:`hashable`。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Distinct argument patterns may be considered to be distinct calls with " +"separate cache entries. For example, ``f(a=1, b=2)`` and ``f(b=2, a=1)`` " +"differ in their keyword argument order and may have two separate cache " +"entries." +msgstr "" +"不同的参数模式可能会被视为具有单独缓存项的不同调用。 例如，``f(a=1, b=2)`` 和 ``f(b=2, a=1)`` " +"因其关键字参数顺序不同而可能会具有两个单独的缓存项。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:174 +msgid "" +"If *user_function* is specified, it must be a callable. This allows the " +"*lru_cache* decorator to be applied directly to a user function, leaving the" +" *maxsize* at its default value of 128::" +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *user_function*，它必须是一个可调用对象。 这允许 *lru_cache* 装饰器被直接应用于一个用户自定义函数，让 " +"*maxsize* 保持其默认值 128::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:178 +msgid "" +"@lru_cache\n" +"def count_vowels(sentence):\n" +" return sum(sentence.count(vowel) for vowel in 'AEIOUaeiou')" +msgstr "" +"@lru_cache\n" +"def count_vowels(sentence):\n" +" return sum(sentence.count(vowel) for vowel in 'AEIOUaeiou')" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:182 +msgid "" +"If *maxsize* is set to ``None``, the LRU feature is disabled and the cache " +"can grow without bound." +msgstr "如果 *maxsize* 设为 ``None``，LRU 特性将被禁用且缓存可无限增长。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:185 +msgid "" +"If *typed* is set to true, function arguments of different types will be " +"cached separately. If *typed* is false, the implementation will usually " +"regard them as equivalent calls and only cache a single result. (Some types " +"such as *str* and *int* may be cached separately even when *typed* is " +"false.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *typed* 被设置为 true ，不同类型的函数参数将被分别缓存。 如果 *typed* 为 false " +"，实现通常会将它们视为等价的调用，只缓存一个结果。(有些类型，如 *str* 和 *int* ，即使 *typed* 为 false " +"，也可能被分开缓存）。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Note, type specificity applies only to the function's immediate arguments " +"rather than their contents. The scalar arguments, ``Decimal(42)`` and " +"``Fraction(42)`` are be treated as distinct calls with distinct results. In " +"contrast, the tuple arguments ``('answer', Decimal(42))`` and ``('answer', " +"Fraction(42))`` are treated as equivalent." +msgstr "" +"注意，类型的特殊性只适用于函数的直接参数而不是它们的内容。 标量参数 ``Decimal(42)`` 和 ``Fraction(42)`` " +"被视为具有不同结果的不同调用。相比之下，元组参数 ``('answer', Decimal(42))`` 和 ``('answer', " +"Fraction(42))`` 被视为等同的。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The wrapped function is instrumented with a :func:`!cache_parameters` " +"function that returns a new :class:`dict` showing the values for *maxsize* " +"and *typed*. This is for information purposes only. Mutating the values " +"has no effect." +msgstr "" +"被包装的函数配有一个 :func:`!cache_parameters` 函数，它返回一个新的 :class:`dict` 用来显示 *maxsize*" +" 和 *typed* 的值。 这只是出于显示信息的目的。 改变这些值没有有任何效果。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:202 +msgid "" +"To help measure the effectiveness of the cache and tune the *maxsize* " +"parameter, the wrapped function is instrumented with a :func:`cache_info` " +"function that returns a :term:`named tuple` showing *hits*, *misses*, " +"*maxsize* and *currsize*." +msgstr "" +"为了帮助衡量缓存的有效性以及调整 *maxsize* 形参，被包装的函数会带有一个 :func:`cache_info` 函数，它返回一个 " +":term:`named tuple` 以显示 *hits*, *misses*, *maxsize* 和 *currsize*。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:207 +msgid "" +"The decorator also provides a :func:`cache_clear` function for clearing or " +"invalidating the cache." +msgstr "该装饰器也提供了一个用于清理/使缓存失效的函数 :func:`cache_clear` 。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:210 +msgid "" +"The original underlying function is accessible through the " +":attr:`__wrapped__` attribute. This is useful for introspection, for " +"bypassing the cache, or for rewrapping the function with a different cache." +msgstr "" +"原始的未经装饰的函数可以通过 :attr:`__wrapped__` 属性访问。它可以用于检查、绕过缓存，或使用不同的缓存再次装饰原始函数。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:214 +msgid "" +"The cache keeps references to the arguments and return values until they age" +" out of the cache or until the cache is cleared." +msgstr "缓存会保持对参数的引用并返回值，直到它们结束生命期退出缓存或者直到缓存被清空。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:217 +msgid "" +"If a method is cached, the ``self`` instance argument is included in the " +"cache. See :ref:`faq-cache-method-calls`" +msgstr "如果一个方法被缓存，则 ``self`` 实例参数会被包括在缓存中。 请参阅 :ref:`faq-cache-method-calls`" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:220 +msgid "" +"An `LRU (least recently used) cache " +"`_" +" works best when the most recent calls are the best predictors of upcoming " +"calls (for example, the most popular articles on a news server tend to " +"change each day). The cache's size limit assures that the cache does not " +"grow without bound on long-running processes such as web servers." +msgstr "" +"`LRU (least recently used) 缓存 " +"`_" +" 在最近的调用是即将到来的调用的最佳预测值时性能最好 (例如，新闻服务器上的最热门文章倾向于每天发生变化)。 " +"缓存的大小限制可确保缓存不会在长期运行的进程如 web 服务器上无限制地增长。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:227 +msgid "" +"In general, the LRU cache should only be used when you want to reuse " +"previously computed values. Accordingly, it doesn't make sense to cache " +"functions with side-effects, functions that need to create distinct mutable " +"objects on each call (such as generators and async functions), or impure " +"functions such as time() or random()." +msgstr "" +"一般来说，LRU 缓存只应在你需要重复使用先前计算的值时使用。 " +"因此，缓存有附带影响的函数、每次调用都需要创建不同的可变对象的函数（如生成器和异步函数）或不纯的函数如 time() 或 random() " +"等是没有意义的。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:233 +msgid "Example of an LRU cache for static web content::" +msgstr "静态 Web 内容的 LRU 缓存示例::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:235 +msgid "" +"@lru_cache(maxsize=32)\n" +"def get_pep(num):\n" +" 'Retrieve text of a Python Enhancement Proposal'\n" +" resource = f'https://peps.python.org/pep-{num:04d}'\n" +" try:\n" +" with urllib.request.urlopen(resource) as s:\n" +" return s.read()\n" +" except urllib.error.HTTPError:\n" +" return 'Not Found'\n" +"\n" +">>> for n in 8, 290, 308, 320, 8, 218, 320, 279, 289, 320, 9991:\n" +"... pep = get_pep(n)\n" +"... print(n, len(pep))\n" +"\n" +">>> get_pep.cache_info()\n" +"CacheInfo(hits=3, misses=8, maxsize=32, currsize=8)" +msgstr "" +"@lru_cache(maxsize=32)\n" +"def get_pep(num):\n" +" 'Retrieve text of a Python Enhancement Proposal'\n" +" resource = f'https://peps.python.org/pep-{num:04d}'\n" +" try:\n" +" with urllib.request.urlopen(resource) as s:\n" +" return s.read()\n" +" except urllib.error.HTTPError:\n" +" return 'Not Found'\n" +"\n" +">>> for n in 8, 290, 308, 320, 8, 218, 320, 279, 289, 320, 9991:\n" +"... pep = get_pep(n)\n" +"... print(n, len(pep))\n" +"\n" +">>> get_pep.cache_info()\n" +"CacheInfo(hits=3, misses=8, maxsize=32, currsize=8)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Example of efficiently computing `Fibonacci numbers " +"`_ using a cache to " +"implement a `dynamic programming " +"`_ technique::" +msgstr "" +"以下是使用缓存通过 `动态规划 `_ 计算 `斐波那契数列 " +"`_ 的例子。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:258 +msgid "" +"@lru_cache(maxsize=None)\n" +"def fib(n):\n" +" if n < 2:\n" +" return n\n" +" return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)\n" +"\n" +">>> [fib(n) for n in range(16)]\n" +"[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610]\n" +"\n" +">>> fib.cache_info()\n" +"CacheInfo(hits=28, misses=16, maxsize=None, currsize=16)" +msgstr "" +"@lru_cache(maxsize=None)\n" +"def fib(n):\n" +" if n < 2:\n" +" return n\n" +" return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)\n" +"\n" +">>> [fib(n) for n in range(16)]\n" +"[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610]\n" +"\n" +">>> fib.cache_info()\n" +"CacheInfo(hits=28, misses=16, maxsize=None, currsize=16)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:272 +msgid "Added the *typed* option." +msgstr "添加 *typed* 选项。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:275 +msgid "Added the *user_function* option." +msgstr "添加了 *user_function* 选项。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:278 +msgid "Added the function :func:`!cache_parameters`" +msgstr "增加了 :func:`!cache_parameters` 函数" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Given a class defining one or more rich comparison ordering methods, this " +"class decorator supplies the rest. This simplifies the effort involved in " +"specifying all of the possible rich comparison operations:" +msgstr "给定一个声明一个或多个全比较排序方法的类，这个类装饰器实现剩余的方法。这减轻了指定所有可能的全比较操作的工作。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The class must define one of :meth:`__lt__`, :meth:`__le__`, :meth:`__gt__`," +" or :meth:`__ge__`. In addition, the class should supply an :meth:`__eq__` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"此类必须包含以下方法之一：:meth:`__lt__` 、:meth:`__le__`、:meth:`__gt__` 或 " +":meth:`__ge__`。另外，此类必须支持 :meth:`__eq__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:293 +msgid "" +"@total_ordering\n" +"class Student:\n" +" def _is_valid_operand(self, other):\n" +" return (hasattr(other, \"lastname\") and\n" +" hasattr(other, \"firstname\"))\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" if not self._is_valid_operand(other):\n" +" return NotImplemented\n" +" return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) ==\n" +" (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))\n" +" def __lt__(self, other):\n" +" if not self._is_valid_operand(other):\n" +" return NotImplemented\n" +" return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) <\n" +" (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))" +msgstr "" +"@total_ordering\n" +"class Student:\n" +" def _is_valid_operand(self, other):\n" +" return (hasattr(other, \"lastname\") and\n" +" hasattr(other, \"firstname\"))\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" if not self._is_valid_operand(other):\n" +" return NotImplemented\n" +" return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) ==\n" +" (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))\n" +" def __lt__(self, other):\n" +" if not self._is_valid_operand(other):\n" +" return NotImplemented\n" +" return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) <\n" +" (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:311 +msgid "" +"While this decorator makes it easy to create well behaved totally ordered " +"types, it *does* come at the cost of slower execution and more complex stack" +" traces for the derived comparison methods. If performance benchmarking " +"indicates this is a bottleneck for a given application, implementing all six" +" rich comparison methods instead is likely to provide an easy speed boost." +msgstr "" +"虽然此装饰器使得创建具有良好行为的完全有序类型变得非常容易，但它 *确实* 是以执行速度更缓慢和派生比较方法的堆栈回溯更复杂为代价的。 " +"如果性能基准测试表明这是特定应用的瓶颈所在，则改为实现全部六个富比较方法应该会轻松提升速度。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:320 +msgid "" +"This decorator makes no attempt to override methods that have been declared " +"in the class *or its superclasses*. Meaning that if a superclass defines a " +"comparison operator, *total_ordering* will not implement it again, even if " +"the original method is abstract." +msgstr "" +"这个装饰器不会尝试重写类 *或其上级类* 中已经被声明的方法。 这意味着如果某个上级类定义了比较运算符，则 *total_ordering* " +"将不会再次实现它，即使原方法是抽象方法。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:327 +msgid "" +"Returning ``NotImplemented`` from the underlying comparison function for " +"unrecognised types is now supported." +msgstr "现在已支持从未识别的类型的下层比较函数返回 ``NotImplemented`` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:333 +msgid "" +"Return a new :ref:`partial object` which when called will " +"behave like *func* called with the positional arguments *args* and keyword " +"arguments *keywords*. If more arguments are supplied to the call, they are " +"appended to *args*. If additional keyword arguments are supplied, they " +"extend and override *keywords*. Roughly equivalent to::" +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :ref:`部分对象`，当被调用时其行为类似于 *func* 附带位置参数 *args* 和关键字参数 " +"*keywords* 被调用。 如果为调用提供了更多的参数，它们会被附加到 *args*。 如果提供了额外的关键字参数，它们会扩展并重写 " +"*keywords*。 大致等价于::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:340 +msgid "" +"def partial(func, /, *args, **keywords):\n" +" def newfunc(*fargs, **fkeywords):\n" +" newkeywords = {**keywords, **fkeywords}\n" +" return func(*args, *fargs, **newkeywords)\n" +" newfunc.func = func\n" +" newfunc.args = args\n" +" newfunc.keywords = keywords\n" +" return newfunc" +msgstr "" +"def partial(func, /, *args, **keywords):\n" +" def newfunc(*fargs, **fkeywords):\n" +" newkeywords = {**keywords, **fkeywords}\n" +" return func(*args, *fargs, **newkeywords)\n" +" newfunc.func = func\n" +" newfunc.args = args\n" +" newfunc.keywords = keywords\n" +" return newfunc" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:349 +msgid "" +"The :func:`partial` is used for partial function application which " +"\"freezes\" some portion of a function's arguments and/or keywords resulting" +" in a new object with a simplified signature. For example, :func:`partial` " +"can be used to create a callable that behaves like the :func:`int` function " +"where the *base* argument defaults to two:" +msgstr "" +":func:`partial` 会被“冻结了”一部分函数参数和/或关键字的部分函数应用所使用，从而得到一个具有简化签名的新对象。 " +"例如，:func:`partial` 可用来创建一个行为类似于 :func:`int` 函数的可调用对象，其中 *base* 参数默认为二：" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`partialmethod` descriptor which behaves like " +":class:`partial` except that it is designed to be used as a method " +"definition rather than being directly callable." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`partialmethod` 描述器，其行为类似 :class:`partial` " +"但它被设计用作方法定义而非直接用作可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:368 +msgid "" +"*func* must be a :term:`descriptor` or a callable (objects which are both, " +"like normal functions, are handled as descriptors)." +msgstr "*func* 必须是一个 :term:`descriptor` 或可调用对象（同属两者的对象例如普通函数会被当作描述器来处理）。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:371 +msgid "" +"When *func* is a descriptor (such as a normal Python function, " +":func:`classmethod`, :func:`staticmethod`, :func:`abstractmethod` or another" +" instance of :class:`partialmethod`), calls to ``__get__`` are delegated to " +"the underlying descriptor, and an appropriate :ref:`partial object` returned as the result." +msgstr "" +"当 *func* 是一个描述器（例如普通 Python 函数, :func:`classmethod`, :func:`staticmethod`, " +":func:`abstractmethod` 或其他 :class:`partialmethod` 的实例）时, 对 ``__get__`` " +"的调用会被委托给底层的描述器，并会返回一个适当的 :ref:`部分对象` 作为结果。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:377 +msgid "" +"When *func* is a non-descriptor callable, an appropriate bound method is " +"created dynamically. This behaves like a normal Python function when used as" +" a method: the *self* argument will be inserted as the first positional " +"argument, even before the *args* and *keywords* supplied to the " +":class:`partialmethod` constructor." +msgstr "" +"当 *func* 是一个非描述器类可调用对象时，则会动态创建一个适当的绑定方法。 当用作方法时其行为类似普通 Python 函数：将会插入 *self*" +" 参数作为第一个位置参数，其位置甚至会处于提供给 :class:`partialmethod` 构造器的 *args* 和 *keywords* 之前。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:385 +msgid "" +">>> class Cell:\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self._alive = False\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def alive(self):\n" +"... return self._alive\n" +"... def set_state(self, state):\n" +"... self._alive = bool(state)\n" +"... set_alive = partialmethod(set_state, True)\n" +"... set_dead = partialmethod(set_state, False)\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = Cell()\n" +">>> c.alive\n" +"False\n" +">>> c.set_alive()\n" +">>> c.alive\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> class Cell:\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self._alive = False\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def alive(self):\n" +"... return self._alive\n" +"... def set_state(self, state):\n" +"... self._alive = bool(state)\n" +"... set_alive = partialmethod(set_state, True)\n" +"... set_dead = partialmethod(set_state, False)\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = Cell()\n" +">>> c.alive\n" +"False\n" +">>> c.set_alive()\n" +">>> c.alive\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:408 +msgid "" +"Apply *function* of two arguments cumulatively to the items of *iterable*, " +"from left to right, so as to reduce the iterable to a single value. For " +"example, ``reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])`` calculates " +"``((((1+2)+3)+4)+5)``. The left argument, *x*, is the accumulated value and " +"the right argument, *y*, is the update value from the *iterable*. If the " +"optional *initial* is present, it is placed before the items of the iterable" +" in the calculation, and serves as a default when the iterable is empty. If" +" *initial* is not given and *iterable* contains only one item, the first " +"item is returned." +msgstr "" +"将两个参数的 *function* 从左至右累积地应用到 *iterable* 的条目，以便将该可迭代对象缩减为单个值。 " +"例如，``reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])`` 就是计算 ``((((1+2)+3)+4)+5)``。" +" 左边的参数 *x* 是累积的值而右边的参数 *y* 则是来自 *iterable* 的更新值。 如果存在可选项 " +"*initial*，它会被放在参与计算的可迭代对象的条目之前，并在可迭代对象为空时作为默认值。 如果未给出 *initial* 并且 " +"*iterable* 仅包含一个条目，则将返回第一项。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:417 +msgid "Roughly equivalent to::" +msgstr "大致相当于：" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:419 +msgid "" +"initial_missing = object()\n" +"\n" +"def reduce(function, iterable, initial=initial_missing, /):\n" +" it = iter(iterable)\n" +" if initial is initial_missing:\n" +" value = next(it)\n" +" else:\n" +" value = initial\n" +" for element in it:\n" +" value = function(value, element)\n" +" return value" +msgstr "" +"initial_missing = object()\n" +"\n" +"def reduce(function, iterable, initial=initial_missing, /):\n" +" it = iter(iterable)\n" +" if initial is initial_missing:\n" +" value = next(it)\n" +" else:\n" +" value = initial\n" +" for element in it:\n" +" value = function(value, element)\n" +" return value" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:431 +msgid "" +"See :func:`itertools.accumulate` for an iterator that yields all " +"intermediate values." +msgstr "请参阅 :func:`itertools.accumulate` 了解有关可产生所有中间值的迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Transform a function into a :term:`single-dispatch ` " +":term:`generic function`." +msgstr "将一个函数转换为 :term:`单分派 ` :term:`generic function`。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:439 +msgid "" +"To define a generic function, decorate it with the ``@singledispatch`` " +"decorator. When defining a function using ``@singledispatch``, note that the" +" dispatch happens on the type of the first argument::" +msgstr "" +"要定义一个泛型函数，用装饰器 ``@singledispatch`` 来装饰它。当使用 ``@singledispatch`` " +"定义一个函数时，请注意调度发生在第一个参数的类型上::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:443 +msgid "" +">>> from functools import singledispatch\n" +">>> @singledispatch\n" +"... def fun(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Let me just say,\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)" +msgstr "" +">>> from functools import singledispatch\n" +">>> @singledispatch\n" +"... def fun(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Let me just say,\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:450 +msgid "" +"To add overloaded implementations to the function, use the :func:`register` " +"attribute of the generic function, which can be used as a decorator. For " +"functions annotated with types, the decorator will infer the type of the " +"first argument automatically::" +msgstr "" +"要将重载的实现添加到函数中，请使用泛型函数的 :func:`register` 属性，它可以被用作装饰器。 " +"对于带有类型标注的函数，该装饰器将自动推断第一个参数的类型::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:455 +msgid "" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: int, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Strength in numbers, eh?\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: list, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)" +msgstr "" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: int, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Strength in numbers, eh?\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: list, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:468 +msgid ":data:`types.UnionType` and :data:`typing.Union` can also be used::" +msgstr "还可以使用 :data:`types.UnionType` 和 :data:`typing.Union`::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:470 +msgid "" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: int | float, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Strength in numbers, eh?\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> from typing import Union\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: Union[list, set], verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: int | float, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Strength in numbers, eh?\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> from typing import Union\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: Union[list, set], verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:485 +msgid "" +"For code which doesn't use type annotations, the appropriate type argument " +"can be passed explicitly to the decorator itself::" +msgstr "对于不使用类型标注的代码，可以将适当的类型参数显式地传给装饰器本身::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:488 +msgid "" +">>> @fun.register(complex)\n" +"... def _(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Better than complicated.\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg.real, arg.imag)\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> @fun.register(complex)\n" +"... def _(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Better than complicated.\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg.real, arg.imag)\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:495 +msgid "" +"For code that dispatches on a collections type (e.g., ``list``), but wants " +"to typehint the items of the collection (e.g., ``list[int]``), the dispatch " +"type should be passed explicitly to the decorator itself with the typehint " +"going into the function definition::" +msgstr "" +"对于在多项集类型 (例如 ``list``) 上分派，但希望对多项集中的项设置类型提示 (例如 ``list[int]``) " +"的代码，分派类型应当被显式地传给装饰器本身并将类型提示放在函数定义中::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:500 +msgid "" +">>> @fun.register(list)\n" +"... def _(arg: list[int], verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)" +msgstr "" +">>> @fun.register(list)\n" +"... def _(arg: list[int], verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:509 +msgid "" +"At runtime the function will dispatch on an instance of a list regardless of" +" the type contained within the list i.e. ``[1,2,3]`` will be dispatched the " +"same as ``[\"foo\", \"bar\", \"baz\"]``. The annotation provided in this " +"example is for static type checkers only and has no runtime impact." +msgstr "" +"当运行时函数将在一个列表的实例上分派而不管列表中包含的类型是什么，也就是说 ``[1,2,3]`` 将以与 ``[\"foo\", \"bar\", " +"\"baz\"]`` 相同的方式分派。 在本例中提供的标注仅针对静态类型检查器而在运行时没有影响。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:515 +msgid "" +"To enable registering :term:`lambdas` and pre-existing functions, " +"the :func:`register` attribute can also be used in a functional form::" +msgstr "要启用注册 :term:`lambda ` 和现有的函数，也可以使用 :func:`register` 属性的函数形式::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:518 +msgid "" +">>> def nothing(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... print(\"Nothing.\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> fun.register(type(None), nothing)" +msgstr "" +">>> def nothing(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... print(\"Nothing.\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> fun.register(type(None), nothing)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:523 +msgid "" +"The :func:`register` attribute returns the undecorated function. This " +"enables decorator stacking, :mod:`pickling`, and the creation of " +"unit tests for each variant independently::" +msgstr "" +":func:`register` 属性会返回未被装饰的函数。 这将启用装饰器栈、:mod:`封存 `，并为每个变量单独创建单元测试::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:527 +msgid "" +">>> @fun.register(float)\n" +"... @fun.register(Decimal)\n" +"... def fun_num(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Half of your number:\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg / 2)\n" +"...\n" +">>> fun_num is fun\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> @fun.register(float)\n" +"... @fun.register(Decimal)\n" +"... def fun_num(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Half of your number:\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg / 2)\n" +"...\n" +">>> fun_num is fun\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:537 +msgid "" +"When called, the generic function dispatches on the type of the first " +"argument::" +msgstr "在调用时，泛型函数会根据第一个参数的类型进行分派::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:540 +msgid "" +">>> fun(\"Hello, world.\")\n" +"Hello, world.\n" +">>> fun(\"test.\", verbose=True)\n" +"Let me just say, test.\n" +">>> fun(42, verbose=True)\n" +"Strength in numbers, eh? 42\n" +">>> fun(['spam', 'spam', 'eggs', 'spam'], verbose=True)\n" +"Enumerate this:\n" +"0 spam\n" +"1 spam\n" +"2 eggs\n" +"3 spam\n" +">>> fun(None)\n" +"Nothing.\n" +">>> fun(1.23)\n" +"0.615" +msgstr "" +">>> fun(\"Hello, world.\")\n" +"Hello, world.\n" +">>> fun(\"test.\", verbose=True)\n" +"Let me just say, test.\n" +">>> fun(42, verbose=True)\n" +"Strength in numbers, eh? 42\n" +">>> fun(['spam', 'spam', 'eggs', 'spam'], verbose=True)\n" +"Enumerate this:\n" +"0 spam\n" +"1 spam\n" +"2 eggs\n" +"3 spam\n" +">>> fun(None)\n" +"Nothing.\n" +">>> fun(1.23)\n" +"0.615" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Where there is no registered implementation for a specific type, its method " +"resolution order is used to find a more generic implementation. The original" +" function decorated with ``@singledispatch`` is registered for the base " +":class:`object` type, which means it is used if no better implementation is " +"found." +msgstr "" +"在没有针对特定类型的已注册实现的情况下，会使用其方法解析顺序来查找更通用的实现。 使用 ``@singledispatch`` 装饰的原始函数将为基本的" +" :class:`object` 类型进行注册，这意味着它将在找不到更好的实现时被使用。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:563 +msgid "" +"If an implementation is registered to an :term:`abstract base class`, " +"virtual subclasses of the base class will be dispatched to that " +"implementation::" +msgstr "如果一个实现被注册到 :term:`abstract base class`，则基类的虚拟子类将被发送到该实现::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:567 +msgid "" +">>> from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: Mapping, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Keys & Values\")\n" +"... for key, value in arg.items():\n" +"... print(key, \"=>\", value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> fun({\"a\": \"b\"})\n" +"a => b" +msgstr "" +">>> from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: Mapping, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Keys & Values\")\n" +"... for key, value in arg.items():\n" +"... print(key, \"=>\", value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> fun({\"a\": \"b\"})\n" +"a => b" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:578 +msgid "" +"To check which implementation the generic function will choose for a given " +"type, use the ``dispatch()`` attribute::" +msgstr "要检查泛型函数将为给定的类型选择哪个实现，请使用 ``dispatch()`` 属性::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:581 +msgid "" +">>> fun.dispatch(float)\n" +"\n" +">>> fun.dispatch(dict) # note: default implementation\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> fun.dispatch(float)\n" +"\n" +">>> fun.dispatch(dict) # 注：默认实现\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:586 +msgid "" +"To access all registered implementations, use the read-only ``registry`` " +"attribute::" +msgstr "要访问所有已注册实现，请使用只读的 ``registry`` 属性::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:589 +msgid "" +">>> fun.registry.keys()\n" +"dict_keys([, , ,\n" +" , ,\n" +" ])\n" +">>> fun.registry[float]\n" +"\n" +">>> fun.registry[object]\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> fun.registry.keys()\n" +"dict_keys([, , ,\n" +" , ,\n" +" ])\n" +">>> fun.registry[float]\n" +"\n" +">>> fun.registry[object]\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:600 +msgid "The :func:`register` attribute now supports using type annotations." +msgstr ":func:`register` 属性现在支持使用类型标注。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:603 +msgid "" +"The :func:`register` attribute now supports :data:`types.UnionType` and " +":data:`typing.Union` as type annotations." +msgstr "" +":func:`register` 属性现在支持将 :data:`types.UnionType` 和 :data:`typing.Union` " +"作为类型标注。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:610 +msgid "" +"Transform a method into a :term:`single-dispatch ` " +":term:`generic function`." +msgstr "将一个方法转换为 :term:`单分派 ` :term:`generic function`。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:613 +msgid "" +"To define a generic method, decorate it with the ``@singledispatchmethod`` " +"decorator. When defining a function using ``@singledispatchmethod``, note " +"that the dispatch happens on the type of the first non-*self* or non-*cls* " +"argument::" +msgstr "" +"要定义一个泛型方法，请用 ``@singledispatchmethod`` 装饰器来装饰它。 当使用 " +"``@singledispatchmethod`` 定义一个函数时，请注意发送操作将针对第一个非 *self* 或非 *cls* 参数的类型上::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:618 +msgid "" +"class Negator:\n" +" @singledispatchmethod\n" +" def neg(self, arg):\n" +" raise NotImplementedError(\"Cannot negate a\")\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" def _(self, arg: int):\n" +" return -arg\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" def _(self, arg: bool):\n" +" return not arg" +msgstr "" +"class Negator:\n" +" @singledispatchmethod\n" +" def neg(self, arg):\n" +" raise NotImplementedError(\"Cannot negate a\")\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" def _(self, arg: int):\n" +" return -arg\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" def _(self, arg: bool):\n" +" return not arg" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:631 +msgid "" +"``@singledispatchmethod`` supports nesting with other decorators such as " +":func:`@classmethod`. Note that to allow for " +"``dispatcher.register``, ``singledispatchmethod`` must be the *outer most* " +"decorator. Here is the ``Negator`` class with the ``neg`` methods bound to " +"the class, rather than an instance of the class::" +msgstr "" +"``@singledispatchmethod`` 支持与其他装饰器如 :func:`@classmethod` 相嵌套。 " +"请注意为了允许 ``dispatcher.register``，``singledispatchmethod`` 必须是 *最外层的* 装饰器。 " +"下面是一个 ``Negator`` 类包含绑定到类的 ``neg`` 方法，而不是一个类实例::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:637 +msgid "" +"class Negator:\n" +" @singledispatchmethod\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def neg(cls, arg):\n" +" raise NotImplementedError(\"Cannot negate a\")\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def _(cls, arg: int):\n" +" return -arg\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def _(cls, arg: bool):\n" +" return not arg" +msgstr "" +"class Negator:\n" +" @singledispatchmethod\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def neg(cls, arg):\n" +" raise NotImplementedError(\"Cannot negate a\")\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def _(cls, arg: int):\n" +" return -arg\n" +"\n" +" @neg.register\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def _(cls, arg: bool):\n" +" return not arg" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:653 +msgid "" +"The same pattern can be used for other similar decorators: " +":func:`@staticmethod`, " +":func:`@abstractmethod`, and others." +msgstr "" +"同样的模式也可被用于其他类似的装饰器: :func:`@staticmethod`, " +":func:`@abstractmethod` 等等。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Update a *wrapper* function to look like the *wrapped* function. The " +"optional arguments are tuples to specify which attributes of the original " +"function are assigned directly to the matching attributes on the wrapper " +"function and which attributes of the wrapper function are updated with the " +"corresponding attributes from the original function. The default values for " +"these arguments are the module level constants ``WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS`` " +"(which assigns to the wrapper function's :attr:`~function.__module__`, " +":attr:`~function.__name__`, :attr:`~function.__qualname__`, " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`, :attr:`~function.__type_params__`, and " +":attr:`~function.__doc__`, the documentation string) and ``WRAPPER_UPDATES``" +" (which updates the wrapper function's :attr:`~function.__dict__`, i.e. the " +"instance dictionary)." +msgstr "" +"更新一个 *包装器* 函数以使其与 *被包装的* 函数相似。 " +"可选参数为指明原函数的哪些属性要被直接赋值给包装器函数的相匹配属性的元组以及包装器的哪些属性要使用原函数的相应属性来更新。 这些参数的默认值是模块级常量" +" ``WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS`` (它将被赋值给包装器函数的 :attr:`~function.__module__`, " +":attr:`~function.__name__`, :attr:`~function.__qualname__`, " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__`, :attr:`~function.__type_params__` 和 " +":attr:`~function.__doc__`，即文档字符串) 以及 ``WRAPPER_UPDATES`` (它将更新包装器函数的 " +":attr:`~function.__dict__`，即实例字典)。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:674 +msgid "" +"To allow access to the original function for introspection and other " +"purposes (e.g. bypassing a caching decorator such as :func:`lru_cache`), " +"this function automatically adds a ``__wrapped__`` attribute to the wrapper " +"that refers to the function being wrapped." +msgstr "" +"为了允许出于内省和其他目的访问原始函数（例如绕过 :func:`lru_cache` 之类的缓存装饰器），此函数会自动为 wrapper " +"添加一个指向被包装函数的 ``__wrapped__`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:679 +msgid "" +"The main intended use for this function is in :term:`decorator` functions " +"which wrap the decorated function and return the wrapper. If the wrapper " +"function is not updated, the metadata of the returned function will reflect " +"the wrapper definition rather than the original function definition, which " +"is typically less than helpful." +msgstr "" +"此函数的主要目的是在 :term:`decorator` 函数中用来包装被装饰的函数并返回包装器。 " +"如果包装器函数未被更新，则被返回函数的元数据将反映包装器定义而不是原始函数定义，这通常没有什么用处。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:685 +msgid "" +":func:`update_wrapper` may be used with callables other than functions. Any " +"attributes named in *assigned* or *updated* that are missing from the object" +" being wrapped are ignored (i.e. this function will not attempt to set them " +"on the wrapper function). :exc:`AttributeError` is still raised if the " +"wrapper function itself is missing any attributes named in *updated*." +msgstr "" +":func:`update_wrapper` 可以与函数之外的可调用对象一同使用。 在 *assigned* 或 *updated* " +"中命名的任何属性如果不存在于被包装对象则会被忽略（即该函数将不会尝试在包装器函数上设置它们）。 如果包装器函数自身缺少在 *updated* " +"中命名的任何属性则仍将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:691 +msgid "" +"The ``__wrapped__`` attribute is now automatically added. The " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__` attribute is now copied by default. " +"Missing attributes no longer trigger an :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``__wrapped__`` 属性会被自动添加。 现在 :attr:`~function.__annotations__` 属性默认会被拷贝。 " +"缺失的属性不会再触发 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:696 +msgid "" +"The ``__wrapped__`` attribute now always refers to the wrapped function, " +"even if that function defined a ``__wrapped__`` attribute. (see " +":issue:`17482`)" +msgstr "" +"``__wrapped__`` 属性现在总是指向被包装的函数，即使该函数定义了 ``__wrapped__`` 属性。 (参见 " +":issue:`17482`)" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:701 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~function.__type_params__` attribute is now copied by default." +msgstr "现在 :attr:`~function.__type_params__` 属性默认会被拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:707 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function for invoking :func:`update_wrapper` as a " +"function decorator when defining a wrapper function. It is equivalent to " +"``partial(update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped, assigned=assigned, " +"updated=updated)``. For example::" +msgstr "" +"这是一个便捷函数，用于在定义包装器函数时唤起 :func:`update_wrapper` 作为函数装饰器。 它等价于 " +"``partial(update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped, assigned=assigned, " +"updated=updated)``。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:712 +msgid "" +">>> from functools import wraps\n" +">>> def my_decorator(f):\n" +"... @wraps(f)\n" +"... def wrapper(*args, **kwds):\n" +"... print('Calling decorated function')\n" +"... return f(*args, **kwds)\n" +"... return wrapper\n" +"...\n" +">>> @my_decorator\n" +"... def example():\n" +"... \"\"\"Docstring\"\"\"\n" +"... print('Called example function')\n" +"...\n" +">>> example()\n" +"Calling decorated function\n" +"Called example function\n" +">>> example.__name__\n" +"'example'\n" +">>> example.__doc__\n" +"'Docstring'" +msgstr "" +">>> from functools import wraps\n" +">>> def my_decorator(f):\n" +"... @wraps(f)\n" +"... def wrapper(*args, **kwds):\n" +"... print('Calling decorated function')\n" +"... return f(*args, **kwds)\n" +"... return wrapper\n" +"...\n" +">>> @my_decorator\n" +"... def example():\n" +"... \"\"\"Docstring\"\"\"\n" +"... print('Called example function')\n" +"...\n" +">>> example()\n" +"Calling decorated function\n" +"Called example function\n" +">>> example.__name__\n" +"'example'\n" +">>> example.__doc__\n" +"'Docstring'" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:733 +msgid "" +"Without the use of this decorator factory, the name of the example function " +"would have been ``'wrapper'``, and the docstring of the original " +":func:`example` would have been lost." +msgstr "" +"如果不使用这个装饰器工厂函数，则 example 函数的名称将变为 ``'wrapper'``，并且 :func:`example` " +"原本的文档字符串将会丢失。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:741 +msgid ":class:`partial` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`partial` 对象" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:743 +msgid "" +":class:`partial` objects are callable objects created by :func:`partial`. " +"They have three read-only attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`partial` 对象是由 :func:`partial` 创建的可调用对象。 它们具有三个只读属性：" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:749 +msgid "" +"A callable object or function. Calls to the :class:`partial` object will be" +" forwarded to :attr:`func` with new arguments and keywords." +msgstr "一个可调用对象或函数。 对 :class:`partial` 对象的调用将被转发给 :attr:`func` 并附带新的参数和关键字。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:755 +msgid "" +"The leftmost positional arguments that will be prepended to the positional " +"arguments provided to a :class:`partial` object call." +msgstr "最左边的位置参数将放置在提供给 :class:`partial` 对象调用的位置参数之前。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:761 +msgid "" +"The keyword arguments that will be supplied when the :class:`partial` object" +" is called." +msgstr "当调用 :class:`partial` 对象时将要提供的关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/functools.rst:764 +msgid "" +":class:`partial` objects are like :ref:`function objects ` in that they are callable, weak referenceable, and can have " +"attributes. There are some important differences. For instance, the " +":attr:`~function.__name__` and :attr:`function.__doc__` attributes are not " +"created automatically. Also, :class:`partial` objects defined in classes " +"behave like static methods and do not transform into bound methods during " +"instance attribute look-up." +msgstr "" +":class:`partial` 对象与 :ref:`函数对象 ` " +"的类似之处在于它们都是可调用、可弱引用并可具有属性的。 但两者也存在一些重要的区别。 例如，:attr:`~function.__name__` 和 " +":attr:`function.__doc__` 属性不会被自动创建。 此外，在类中定义的 :class:`partial` " +"对象的行为类似于静态方法并且不会在实例属性查找期间转换为绑定方法。" diff --git a/library/gc.po b/library/gc.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea46121db --- /dev/null +++ b/library/gc.po @@ -0,0 +1,497 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Konge , 2021 +# Makdon , 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!gc` --- Garbage Collector interface" +msgstr ":mod:`!gc` --- 垃圾回收器接口" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:12 +msgid "" +"This module provides an interface to the optional garbage collector. It " +"provides the ability to disable the collector, tune the collection " +"frequency, and set debugging options. It also provides access to " +"unreachable objects that the collector found but cannot free. Since the " +"collector supplements the reference counting already used in Python, you can" +" disable the collector if you are sure your program does not create " +"reference cycles. Automatic collection can be disabled by calling " +"``gc.disable()``. To debug a leaking program call " +"``gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_LEAK)``. Notice that this includes " +"``gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL``, causing garbage-collected objects to be saved in " +"gc.garbage for inspection." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供可选的垃圾回收器的接口，提供的功能包括：关闭收集器、调整收集频率、设置调试选项。它同时提供对回收器找到但是无法释放的不可达对象的访问。由于 " +"Python 使用了带有引用计数的回收器，如果你确定你的程序不会产生循环引用，你可以关闭回收器。可以通过调用 ``gc.disable()`` " +"关闭自动垃圾回收。若要调试一个存在内存泄漏的程序，调用 ``gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_LEAK)`` ；需要注意的是，它包含 " +"``gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL`` ，使得被垃圾回收的对象会被存放在 gc.garbage 中以待检查。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:23 +msgid "The :mod:`gc` module provides the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`gc` 模块提供下列函数：" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:28 +msgid "Enable automatic garbage collection." +msgstr "启用自动垃圾回收" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:33 +msgid "Disable automatic garbage collection." +msgstr "停用自动垃圾回收" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:38 +msgid "Return ``True`` if automatic collection is enabled." +msgstr "如果启用了自动回收则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:43 +msgid "" +"With no arguments, run a full collection. The optional argument " +"*generation* may be an integer specifying which generation to collect (from " +"0 to 2). A :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the generation number is invalid." +" The sum of collected objects and uncollectable objects is returned." +msgstr "" +"不带参数时，将运行完全的回收。 可选的参数 *generation* 是一个指定要回收哪一代 (从 0 到 2) 的整数值。 如果 generation" +" 值无效则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 返回值为已回收对象和不可回收对象的总数。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The free lists maintained for a number of built-in types are cleared " +"whenever a full collection or collection of the highest generation (2) is " +"run. Not all items in some free lists may be freed due to the particular " +"implementation, in particular :class:`float`." +msgstr "" +"每当运行完整收集或最高代 (2) 收集时，为多个内置类型所维护的空闲列表会被清空。 由于特定类型特别是 :class:`float` " +"的实现，在某些空闲列表中并非所有项都会被释放。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The effect of calling ``gc.collect()`` while the interpreter is already " +"performing a collection is undefined." +msgstr "当解释器已经在执行收集任务时调用 ``gc.collect()`` 的效果是未定义的。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Set the garbage collection debugging flags. Debugging information will be " +"written to ``sys.stderr``. See below for a list of debugging flags which " +"can be combined using bit operations to control debugging." +msgstr "" +"设置垃圾回收器的调试标识位。调试信息会被写入 ``sys.stderr`` " +"。此文档末尾列出了各个标志位及其含义；可以使用位操作对多个标志位进行设置以控制调试器。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:66 +msgid "Return the debugging flags currently set." +msgstr "返回当前调试标识位。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Returns a list of all objects tracked by the collector, excluding the list " +"returned. If *generation* is not ``None``, return only the objects tracked " +"by the collector that are in that generation." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由垃圾回收器所跟踪的所有对象组成的列表，不包括已返回对象的列表。 如果 *generation* 不为 " +"``None``，则只返回垃圾回收器所跟踪的属于该 generation 的对象。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:75 +msgid "New *generation* parameter." +msgstr "新的 *generation* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``gc.get_objects`` with argument " +"``generation``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``gc.get_objects`` 并附带参数 ``generation``。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Return a list of three per-generation dictionaries containing collection " +"statistics since interpreter start. The number of keys may change in the " +"future, but currently each dictionary will contain the following items:" +msgstr "" +"返回一个包含三个字典对象的列表，每个字典分别包含对应代的从解释器开始运行的垃圾回收统计数据。字典的键的数目在将来可能发生改变，目前每个字典包含以下内容：" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:87 +msgid "``collections`` is the number of times this generation was collected;" +msgstr "``collections`` 是该代被回收的次数；" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:89 +msgid "" +"``collected`` is the total number of objects collected inside this " +"generation;" +msgstr "``collected`` 是该代中被回收的对象总数；" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:92 +msgid "" +"``uncollectable`` is the total number of objects which were found to be " +"uncollectable (and were therefore moved to the :data:`garbage` list) inside " +"this generation." +msgstr "``uncollectable`` 是在这一代中被发现无法收集的对象总数 （因此被移动到 :data:`garbage` 列表中）。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Set the garbage collection thresholds (the collection frequency). Setting " +"*threshold0* to zero disables collection." +msgstr "设置垃圾回收阈值（收集频率）。 将 *threshold0* 设为零会禁用回收。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:104 +msgid "" +"The GC classifies objects into three generations depending on how many " +"collection sweeps they have survived. New objects are placed in the " +"youngest generation (generation ``0``). If an object survives a collection " +"it is moved into the next older generation. Since generation ``2`` is the " +"oldest generation, objects in that generation remain there after a " +"collection. In order to decide when to run, the collector keeps track of " +"the number object allocations and deallocations since the last collection. " +"When the number of allocations minus the number of deallocations exceeds " +"*threshold0*, collection starts. Initially only generation ``0`` is " +"examined. If generation ``0`` has been examined more than *threshold1* " +"times since generation ``1`` has been examined, then generation ``1`` is " +"examined as well. With the third generation, things are a bit more " +"complicated, see `Collecting the oldest generation " +"`_ for more information." +msgstr "" +"垃圾回收器把所有对象分类为三代，其依据是对象在多少次垃圾回收后幸存。 新建对象会被放在最年轻代（第 ``0`` 代）。 " +"如果一个对象在一次垃圾回收后幸存，它会被移入下一个较老代。 由于第 ``2`` 代是最老代，这一代的对象在一次垃圾回收后仍会保留原样。 " +"为了确定何时要运行，垃圾回收器会跟踪自上一次回收后对象分配和释放的数量。 当分配数量减去释放数量的结果值大于 *threshold0* " +"时，垃圾回收就会开始。 初始时只有第 ``0`` 代会被检查。 如果自第 ``1`` 代被检查后第 ``0`` 代已被检查超过 *threshold1*" +" 次，则第 ``1`` 也会被检查。 对于第三代来说情况还会更复杂，请参阅 `Collecting the oldest generation " +"`_ 来了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Return the current collection counts as a tuple of ``(count0, count1, " +"count2)``." +msgstr "将当前回收计数以形为 ``(count0, count1, count2)`` 的元组返回。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Return the current collection thresholds as a tuple of ``(threshold0, " +"threshold1, threshold2)``." +msgstr "将当前回收阈值以形为 ``(threshold0, threshold1, threshold2)`` 的元组返回。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Return the list of objects that directly refer to any of objs. This function" +" will only locate those containers which support garbage collection; " +"extension types which do refer to other objects but do not support garbage " +"collection will not be found." +msgstr "返回直接引用任意一个 *objs* 的对象列表。这个函数只定位支持垃圾回收的容器；引用了其它对象但不支持垃圾回收的扩展类型不会被找到。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Note that objects which have already been dereferenced, but which live in " +"cycles and have not yet been collected by the garbage collector can be " +"listed among the resulting referrers. To get only currently live objects, " +"call :func:`collect` before calling :func:`get_referrers`." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是，已经解除对 *objs* 引用的对象，但仍存在于循环引用中未被回收时，仍然会被作为引用者出现在返回的列表当中。若要获取当前正在引用 " +"*objs* 的对象，需要调用 :func:`collect` 然后再调用 :func:`get_referrers` 。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:144 +msgid "" +"Care must be taken when using objects returned by :func:`get_referrers` " +"because some of them could still be under construction and hence in a " +"temporarily invalid state. Avoid using :func:`get_referrers` for any purpose" +" other than debugging." +msgstr "" +"在使用 :func:`get_referrers` 返回的对象时必须要小心，因为其中一些对象可能仍在构造中因此处于暂时的无效状态。不要把 " +":func:`get_referrers` 用于调试以外的其它目的。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``gc.get_referrers`` with " +"argument ``objs``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``gc.get_referrers`` 并附带参数 ``objs``。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Return a list of objects directly referred to by any of the arguments. The " +"referents returned are those objects visited by the arguments' C-level " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` methods (if any), and may not be all " +"objects actually directly reachable. :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` " +"methods are supported only by objects that support garbage collection, and " +"are only required to visit objects that may be involved in a cycle. So, for" +" example, if an integer is directly reachable from an argument, that integer" +" object may or may not appear in the result list." +msgstr "" +"返回被任意一个参数中的对象直接引用的对象的列表。返回的被引用对象是被参数中的对象的C语言级别方法（若存在） " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` 访问到的对象，可能不是所有的实际直接可达对象。只有支持垃圾回收的对象支持 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`  " +"方法，并且此方法只会在需要访问涉及循环引用的对象时使用。因此，可以有以下例子：一个整数对其中一个参数是直接可达的，这个整数有可能出现或不出现在返回的结果列表当中。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``gc.get_referents`` with " +"argument ``objs``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``gc.get_referents`` 并附带参数 ``objs``。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if the object is currently tracked by the garbage " +"collector, ``False`` otherwise. As a general rule, instances of atomic " +"types aren't tracked and instances of non-atomic types (containers, user-" +"defined objects...) are. However, some type-specific optimizations can be " +"present in order to suppress the garbage collector footprint of simple " +"instances (e.g. dicts containing only atomic keys and values)::" +msgstr "" +"当对象正在被垃圾回收器监控时返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` " +"。一般来说，原子类的实例不会被监控，而非原子类（如容器、用户自定义的对象）会被监控。然而，会有一些特定类型的优化以便减少垃圾回收器在简单实例（如只含有原子性的键和值的字典）上的消耗。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:173 +msgid "" +">>> gc.is_tracked(0)\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked(\"a\")\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked([])\n" +"True\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked({})\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked({\"a\": 1})\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked({\"a\": []})\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> gc.is_tracked(0)\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked(\"a\")\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked([])\n" +"True\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked({})\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked({\"a\": 1})\n" +"False\n" +">>> gc.is_tracked({\"a\": []})\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:191 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if the given object has been finalized by the garbage " +"collector, ``False`` otherwise. ::" +msgstr "如果给定对象已被垃圾回收器终结则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 ::" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:194 +msgid "" +">>> x = None\n" +">>> class Lazarus:\n" +"... def __del__(self):\n" +"... global x\n" +"... x = self\n" +"...\n" +">>> lazarus = Lazarus()\n" +">>> gc.is_finalized(lazarus)\n" +"False\n" +">>> del lazarus\n" +">>> gc.is_finalized(x)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> x = None\n" +">>> class Lazarus:\n" +"... def __del__(self):\n" +"... global x\n" +"... x = self\n" +"...\n" +">>> lazarus = Lazarus()\n" +">>> gc.is_finalized(lazarus)\n" +"False\n" +">>> del lazarus\n" +">>> gc.is_finalized(x)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Freeze all the objects tracked by the garbage collector; move them to a " +"permanent generation and ignore them in all the future collections." +msgstr "冻结由垃圾回收器追踪的所有对象；将它们移至永久世代并在所有未来的回收操作中忽略它们。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:215 +msgid "" +"If a process will ``fork()`` without ``exec()``, avoiding unnecessary copy-" +"on-write in child processes will maximize memory sharing and reduce overall " +"memory usage. This requires both avoiding creation of freed \"holes\" in " +"memory pages in the parent process and ensuring that GC collections in child" +" processes won't touch the ``gc_refs`` counter of long-lived objects " +"originating in the parent process. To accomplish both, call ``gc.disable()``" +" early in the parent process, ``gc.freeze()`` right before ``fork()``, and " +"``gc.enable()`` early in child processes." +msgstr "" +"如果一个进程将执行 ``fork()`` 而不执行 ``exec()``，则在子进程中避免不必要的写入时拷贝将最大化内存共享并减少总体内存使用。 " +"这需要同时在父进程的内存页中避免创建已释放的“空洞”并确保在子进程中的 GC 回收不会触及源自父进程的长寿对象的 ``gc_refs`` 计数器。 " +"要同时达成这两个目标，请在父进程中尽早调用 ``gc.disable()``，在 ``fork()`` 之前调用 " +"``gc.freeze()``，并在子进程中尽早调用 ``gc.enable()``。 " + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Unfreeze the objects in the permanent generation, put them back into the " +"oldest generation." +msgstr "解冻永久代中的对象，并将它们放回到年老代中。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:237 +msgid "Return the number of objects in the permanent generation." +msgstr "返回永久代中的对象数量。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:242 +msgid "" +"The following variables are provided for read-only access (you can mutate " +"the values but should not rebind them):" +msgstr "提供以下变量仅供只读访问（你可以修改但不应该重绑定它们）：" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:247 +msgid "" +"A list of objects which the collector found to be unreachable but could not " +"be freed (uncollectable objects). Starting with Python 3.4, this list " +"should be empty most of the time, except when using instances of C extension" +" types with a non-``NULL`` ``tp_del`` slot." +msgstr "" +"一个回收器发现不可达而又无法被释放的对象（不可回收对象）列表。 从 Python 3.4 开始，该列表在大多数时候都应该是空的，除非使用了含有非 " +"``NULL`` ``tp_del`` 空位的 C 扩展类型的实例。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:252 +msgid "" +"If :const:`DEBUG_SAVEALL` is set, then all unreachable objects will be added" +" to this list rather than freed." +msgstr "如果设置了 :const:`DEBUG_SAVEALL` ，则所有不可访问对象将被添加至该列表而不会被释放。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:255 +msgid "" +"If this list is non-empty at :term:`interpreter shutdown`, a " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` is emitted, which is silent by default. If " +":const:`DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE` is set, in addition all uncollectable objects " +"are printed." +msgstr "" +"当 :term:`interpreter shutdown` 即解释器关闭时，若此列表非空，会产生 :exc:`ResourceWarning` " +"，即资源警告，在默认情况下此警告不会被提醒。如果设置了 :const:`DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE` ，所有无法被回收的对象会被打印。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Following :pep:`442`, objects with a :meth:`~object.__del__` method don't " +"end up in :data:`gc.garbage` anymore." +msgstr "" +"根据 :pep:`442`，具有 :meth:`~object.__del__` 方法的对象不会再由 :data:`gc.garbage` 来处理。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:267 +msgid "" +"A list of callbacks that will be invoked by the garbage collector before and" +" after collection. The callbacks will be called with two arguments, *phase*" +" and *info*." +msgstr "在垃圾回收器开始前和完成后会被调用的一系列回调函数。这些回调函数在被调用时使用两个参数： *phase* 和 *info* 。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:271 +msgid "*phase* can be one of two values:" +msgstr "*phase* 可为以下两值之一：" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:273 +msgid "\"start\": The garbage collection is about to start." +msgstr "\"start\": 垃圾回收即将开始。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:275 +msgid "\"stop\": The garbage collection has finished." +msgstr "\"stop\": 垃圾回收已结束。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:277 +msgid "" +"*info* is a dict providing more information for the callback. The following" +" keys are currently defined:" +msgstr " *info* 是一个字典，提供了回调函数更多信息。已有定义的键有：" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:280 +msgid "\"generation\": The oldest generation being collected." +msgstr "\"generation\"（代） ：正在被回收的最久远的一代。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:282 +msgid "" +"\"collected\": When *phase* is \"stop\", the number of objects successfully " +"collected." +msgstr "\"collected\"（已回收的 ）: 当*phase* 为 \"stop\" 时，被成功回收的对象的数目。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:285 +msgid "" +"\"uncollectable\": When *phase* is \"stop\", the number of objects that " +"could not be collected and were put in :data:`garbage`." +msgstr "" +"\"uncollectable\"（不可回收的）: 当 *phase* 为 \"stop\" 时，不能被回收并被放入 :data:`garbage` " +"的对象的数目。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Applications can add their own callbacks to this list. The primary use " +"cases are:" +msgstr "应用程序可以把他们自己的回调函数加入此列表。主要的使用场景有：" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Gathering statistics about garbage collection, such as how often various " +"generations are collected, and how long the collection takes." +msgstr "统计垃圾回收的数据，如：不同代的回收频率、回收所花费的时间。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Allowing applications to identify and clear their own uncollectable types " +"when they appear in :data:`garbage`." +msgstr "使应用程序可以识别和清理他们自己的在 :data:`garbage` 中的不可回收类型的对象。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:301 +msgid "The following constants are provided for use with :func:`set_debug`:" +msgstr "以下常量被用于 :func:`set_debug` ：" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Print statistics during collection. This information can be useful when " +"tuning the collection frequency." +msgstr "在回收完成后打印统计信息。当回收频率设置较高时，这些信息会比较有用。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:312 +msgid "Print information on collectable objects found." +msgstr "当发现可回收对象时打印信息。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:317 +msgid "" +"Print information of uncollectable objects found (objects which are not " +"reachable but cannot be freed by the collector). These objects will be " +"added to the ``garbage`` list." +msgstr "打印找到的不可回收对象的信息（指不能被回收器回收的不可达对象）。这些对象会被添加到 ``garbage`` 列表中。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:321 +msgid "" +"Also print the contents of the :data:`garbage` list at :term:`interpreter " +"shutdown`, if it isn't empty." +msgstr "" +"当 :term:`interpreter shutdown` 时，即解释器关闭时，若 :data:`garbage` " +"列表中存在对象，这些对象也会被打印输出。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:327 +msgid "" +"When set, all unreachable objects found will be appended to *garbage* rather" +" than being freed. This can be useful for debugging a leaking program." +msgstr "设置后，所有回收器找到的不可达对象会被添加进 *garbage* 而不是直接被释放。这在调试一个内存泄漏的程序时会很有用。" + +#: ../../library/gc.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The debugging flags necessary for the collector to print information about a" +" leaking program (equal to ``DEBUG_COLLECTABLE | DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE | " +"DEBUG_SAVEALL``)." +msgstr "" +"调试内存泄漏的程序时，使回收器打印信息的调试标识位。（等价于 ``DEBUG_COLLECTABLE | DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE | " +"DEBUG_SAVEALL`` ）。" diff --git a/library/getopt.po b/library/getopt.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d769a9f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/getopt.po @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-27 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!getopt` --- C-style parser for command line options" +msgstr ":mod:`!getopt` --- C 风格的命令行选项解析器" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/getopt.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/getopt.py`" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:12 +msgid "" +"This module is considered feature complete. A more declarative and " +"extensible alternative to this API is provided in the :mod:`optparse` " +"module. Further functional enhancements for command line parameter " +"processing are provided either as third party modules on PyPI, or else as " +"features in the :mod:`argparse` module." +msgstr "" +"该模块被认为具有完备的特性。 在 :mod:`optparse` 模块中提供了一个针对此 API 的更为声明式和可扩展的替代物。 " +"对命令行形参处理进一步的功能增强或是作为 PyPI 上的第三方模块，或是作为 :mod:`argparse` 模块中的特性被提供。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:20 +msgid "" +"This module helps scripts to parse the command line arguments in " +"``sys.argv``. It supports the same conventions as the Unix :c:func:`!getopt`" +" function (including the special meanings of arguments of the form '``-``' " +"and '``--``'). Long options similar to those supported by GNU software may " +"be used as well via an optional third argument." +msgstr "" +"此模块可协助脚本解析 ``sys.argv`` 中的命令行参数。 它支持与 Unix :c:func:`!getopt` 函数相同的惯例 (包括形式为 " +"'``-``' 和 '``--``' 的参数的特殊含义)。 也可以通过可选的第三个参数来使用类似于 GNU 软件所支持形式的长选项。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Users who are unfamiliar with the Unix :c:func:`!getopt` function should " +"consider using the :mod:`argparse` module instead. Users who are familiar " +"with the Unix :c:func:`!getopt` function, but would like to get equivalent " +"behavior while writing less code and getting better help and error messages " +"should consider using the :mod:`optparse` module. See :ref:`choosing-an-" +"argument-parser` for additional details." +msgstr "" +"不熟悉 Unix :c:func:`!getopt` 函数的用户应当考虑改用 :mod:`argparse` 模块。 熟悉 Unix " +":c:func:`!getopt` 函数，但希望在获得等价的行为同时使用更少的代码又具有更好的帮助和错误信息的用户应当考虑使用 " +":mod:`optparse` 模块。 请参阅 :ref:`choosing-an-argument-parser` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:33 +msgid "This module provides two functions and an exception:" +msgstr "此模块提供了两个函数和一个异常:" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Parses command line options and parameter list. *args* is the argument list" +" to be parsed, without the leading reference to the running program. " +"Typically, this means ``sys.argv[1:]``. *shortopts* is the string of option " +"letters that the script wants to recognize, with options that require an " +"argument followed by a colon (``':'``; i.e., the same format that Unix " +":c:func:`!getopt` uses)." +msgstr "" +"解析命令行选项与形参列表。 *args* 是要解析的参数列表，不包含最开头的对正在运行的程序的引用。 通常，这意味着 ``sys.argv[1:]``。" +" *shortopts* 是脚本要识别的选项字母，带有要求后缀一个冒号 (``':'``；即与 Unix :c:func:`!getopt` " +"所用的格式相同) 的选项。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Unlike GNU :c:func:`!getopt`, after a non-option argument, all further " +"arguments are considered also non-options. This is similar to the way non-" +"GNU Unix systems work." +msgstr "" +"与 GNU :c:func:`!getopt` 不同，在非选项参数之后，所有后续参数都会被视为非选项。 这类似于非 GNU Unix 系统的运作方式。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:51 +msgid "" +"*longopts*, if specified, must be a list of strings with the names of the " +"long options which should be supported. The leading ``'--'`` characters " +"should not be included in the option name. Long options which require an " +"argument should be followed by an equal sign (``'='``). Optional arguments " +"are not supported. To accept only long options, *shortopts* should be an " +"empty string. Long options on the command line can be recognized so long as" +" they provide a prefix of the option name that matches exactly one of the " +"accepted options. For example, if *longopts* is ``['foo', 'frob']``, the " +"option ``--fo`` will match as ``--foo``, but ``--f`` will not match " +"uniquely, so :exc:`GetoptError` will be raised." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *longopts*，则必须为一个由应当被支持的长选项名称组成的列表。 开头的 ``'--'`` 字符不应被包括在选项名称中。 " +"要求参数的长选项后应当带一个等号 (``'='``)。 可选参数不被支持。 如果想仅接受长选项，则 *shortopts* 应为一个空字符串。 " +"命令行中的长选项只要提供了恰好能匹配可接受选项之一的选项名称前缀即可被识别。 举例来说，如果 *longopts* 为 ``['foo', " +"'frob']``，则选项 ``--fo`` 将匹配为 ``--foo``，但 ``--f`` 将不能得到唯一匹配，因此将引发 " +":exc:`GetoptError`。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:62 +msgid "" +"The return value consists of two elements: the first is a list of ``(option," +" value)`` pairs; the second is the list of program arguments left after the " +"option list was stripped (this is a trailing slice of *args*). Each option-" +"and-value pair returned has the option as its first element, prefixed with a" +" hyphen for short options (e.g., ``'-x'``) or two hyphens for long options " +"(e.g., ``'--long-option'``), and the option argument as its second element, " +"or an empty string if the option has no argument. The options occur in the " +"list in the same order in which they were found, thus allowing multiple " +"occurrences. Long and short options may be mixed." +msgstr "" +"返回值由两个元素组成：第一个是 ``(option, value)`` 对的列表；第二个是在去除该选项列表后余下的程序参数列表（这也就是 *args* " +"的尾部切片）。每个被返回的选项与值对的第一个元素是选项，短选项前缀一个连字符 (例如 ``'-x'``)，长选项则前缀两个连字符 (例如 ``'--" +"long-option'``)，第二个元素是选项参数，如果选项不带参数则为空字符串。 列表中选项的排列顺序与它们被解析的顺序相同，因此允许多次出现。 " +"长选项与短选项可以混用。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:75 +msgid "" +"This function works like :func:`getopt`, except that GNU style scanning mode" +" is used by default. This means that option and non-option arguments may be " +"intermixed. The :func:`getopt` function stops processing options as soon as " +"a non-option argument is encountered." +msgstr "" +"此函数与 :func:`getopt` 类似，区别在于它默认使用 GNU 风格的扫描模式。 这意味着选项和非选项参数可能会混在一起。 " +":func:`getopt` 函数将在遇到非选项参数时立即停止处理选项。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:80 +msgid "" +"If the first character of the option string is ``'+'``, or if the " +"environment variable :envvar:`!POSIXLY_CORRECT` is set, then option " +"processing stops as soon as a non-option argument is encountered." +msgstr "" +"如果选项字符串的第一个字符为 ``'+'``，或者如果设置了环境变量 " +":envvar:`!POSIXLY_CORRECT`，则选项处理会在遇到非选项参数时立即停止。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:87 +msgid "" +"This is raised when an unrecognized option is found in the argument list or " +"when an option requiring an argument is given none. The argument to the " +"exception is a string indicating the cause of the error. For long options, " +"an argument given to an option which does not require one will also cause " +"this exception to be raised. The attributes :attr:`!msg` and :attr:`!opt` " +"give the error message and related option; if there is no specific option to" +" which the exception relates, :attr:`!opt` is an empty string." +msgstr "" +"当参数列表中出现不可识别的选项或当一个需要参数的选项未带参数时将引发此异常。 此异常的参数是一个指明错误原因的字符串。 " +"对于长选项，将一个参数传给不需要参数的选项也将导致此异常被引发。 :attr:`!msg` 和 :attr:`!opt` " +"属性将给出错误消息和关联的选项；如果没有关联到此异常的特定选项，则 :attr:`!opt` 将为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:98 +msgid "Alias for :exc:`GetoptError`; for backward compatibility." +msgstr ":exc:`GetoptError` 的别名；用于向后兼容。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:100 +msgid "An example using only Unix style options:" +msgstr "一个仅使用 Unix 风格选项的例子:" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:102 +msgid "" +">>> import getopt\n" +">>> args = '-a -b -cfoo -d bar a1 a2'.split()\n" +">>> args\n" +"['-a', '-b', '-cfoo', '-d', 'bar', 'a1', 'a2']\n" +">>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt(args, 'abc:d:')\n" +">>> optlist\n" +"[('-a', ''), ('-b', ''), ('-c', 'foo'), ('-d', 'bar')]\n" +">>> args\n" +"['a1', 'a2']" +msgstr "" +">>> import getopt\n" +">>> args = '-a -b -cfoo -d bar a1 a2'.split()\n" +">>> args\n" +"['-a', '-b', '-cfoo', '-d', 'bar', 'a1', 'a2']\n" +">>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt(args, 'abc:d:')\n" +">>> optlist\n" +"[('-a', ''), ('-b', ''), ('-c', 'foo'), ('-d', 'bar')]\n" +">>> args\n" +"['a1', 'a2']" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:114 +msgid "Using long option names is equally easy:" +msgstr "使用长选项名也同样容易:" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:116 +msgid "" +">>> s = '--condition=foo --testing --output-file abc.def -x a1 a2'\n" +">>> args = s.split()\n" +">>> args\n" +"['--condition=foo', '--testing', '--output-file', 'abc.def', '-x', 'a1', 'a2']\n" +">>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt(args, 'x', [\n" +"... 'condition=', 'output-file=', 'testing'])\n" +">>> optlist\n" +"[('--condition', 'foo'), ('--testing', ''), ('--output-file', 'abc.def'), ('-x', '')]\n" +">>> args\n" +"['a1', 'a2']" +msgstr "" +">>> s = '--condition=foo --testing --output-file abc.def -x a1 a2'\n" +">>> args = s.split()\n" +">>> args\n" +"['--condition=foo', '--testing', '--output-file', 'abc.def', '-x', 'a1', 'a2']\n" +">>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt(args, 'x', [\n" +"... 'condition=', 'output-file=', 'testing'])\n" +">>> optlist\n" +"[('--condition', 'foo'), ('--testing', ''), ('--output-file', 'abc.def'), ('-x', '')]\n" +">>> args\n" +"['a1', 'a2']" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:129 +msgid "In a script, typical usage is something like this:" +msgstr "在脚本中，典型的用法是这样的:" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:131 +msgid "" +"import getopt, sys\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], \"ho:v\", [\"help\", \"output=\"])\n" +" except getopt.GetoptError as err:\n" +" # print help information and exit:\n" +" print(err) # will print something like \"option -a not recognized\"\n" +" usage()\n" +" sys.exit(2)\n" +" output = None\n" +" verbose = False\n" +" for o, a in opts:\n" +" if o == \"-v\":\n" +" verbose = True\n" +" elif o in (\"-h\", \"--help\"):\n" +" usage()\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +" elif o in (\"-o\", \"--output\"):\n" +" output = a\n" +" else:\n" +" assert False, \"unhandled option\"\n" +" process(args, output=output, verbose=verbose)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import getopt, sys\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], \"ho:v\", [\"help\", \"output=\"])\n" +" except getopt.GetoptError as err:\n" +" # 打印帮助信息并退出。\n" +" print(err) # 将打印 \"option -a not recognized\" 之类的消息\n" +" usage()\n" +" sys.exit(2)\n" +" output = None\n" +" verbose = False\n" +" for o, a in opts:\n" +" if o == \"-v\":\n" +" verbose = True\n" +" elif o in (\"-h\", \"--help\"):\n" +" usage()\n" +" sys.exit()\n" +" elif o in (\"-o\", \"--output\"):\n" +" output = a\n" +" else:\n" +" assert False, \"unhandled option\"\n" +" process(args, output=output, verbose=verbose)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Note that an equivalent command line interface could be produced with less " +"code and more informative help and error messages by using the " +":mod:`optparse` module:" +msgstr "请注意可以通过使用 :mod:`optparse` 模块以更少的代码并附带更清晰的帮助和错误消息生成等价的命令行界面：" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:163 +msgid "" +"import optparse\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" parser = optparse.OptionParser()\n" +" parser.add_option('-o', '--output')\n" +" parser.add_option('-v', dest='verbose', action='store_true')\n" +" opts, args = parser.parse_args()\n" +" process(args, output=opts.output, verbose=opts.verbose)" +msgstr "" +"import optparse\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" parser = optparse.OptionParser()\n" +" parser.add_option('-o', '--output')\n" +" parser.add_option('-v', dest='verbose', action='store_true')\n" +" opts, args = parser.parse_args()\n" +" process(args, output=opts.output, verbose=opts.verbose)" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:174 +msgid "" +"A roughly equivalent command line interface for this case can also be " +"produced by using the :mod:`argparse` module:" +msgstr "对这种情况也可以通过使用 :mod:`argparse` 模块来生成大致等价的命令行界面：" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:177 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +" parser.add_argument('-o', '--output')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-v', dest='verbose', action='store_true')\n" +" parser.add_argument('rest', nargs='*')\n" +" args = parser.parse_args()\n" +" process(args.rest, output=args.output, verbose=args.verbose)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n" +" parser.add_argument('-o', '--output')\n" +" parser.add_argument('-v', dest='verbose', action='store_true')\n" +" parser.add_argument('rest', nargs='*')\n" +" args = parser.parse_args()\n" +" process(args.rest, output=args.output, verbose=args.verbose)" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:189 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`choosing-an-argument-parser` for details on how the ``argparse`` " +"version of this code differs in behaviour from the ``optparse`` (and " +"``getopt``) version." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :ref:`choosing-an-argument-parser` 了解有关此代码的 ``argparse`` 版本与 " +"``optparse`` (和 ``getopt``) 版本间行为差异的详情。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:195 +msgid "Module :mod:`optparse`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`optparse`" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:196 +msgid "Declarative command line option parsing." +msgstr "声明式命令行选项解析。" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:198 +msgid "Module :mod:`argparse`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`argparse`" + +#: ../../library/getopt.rst:199 +msgid "More opinionated command line option and argument parsing library." +msgstr "更有针对性的命令行选项和参数解析库。" diff --git a/library/getpass.po b/library/getpass.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9508ce74e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/getpass.po @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Konge , 2021 +# Hissy , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!getpass` --- Portable password input" +msgstr ":mod:`!getpass` --- 可移植的密码输入" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/getpass.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/getpass.py`" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:17 +msgid "The :mod:`getpass` module provides two functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`getpass` 模块提供了两个函数：" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Prompt the user for a password without echoing. The user is prompted using " +"the string *prompt*, which defaults to ``'Password: '``. On Unix, the " +"prompt is written to the file-like object *stream* using the replace error " +"handler if needed. *stream* defaults to the controlling terminal " +"(:file:`/dev/tty`) or if that is unavailable to ``sys.stderr`` (this " +"argument is ignored on Windows)." +msgstr "" +"提示用户输入一个密码且不会回显。 用户会看到字符串 *prompt* 作为提示，其默认值为 ``'Password: '``。 在 Unix " +"上，如有必要提示会使用替换错误句柄写入到文件型对象 *stream*。 *stream* 默认指向控制终端 " +"(:file:`/dev/tty`)，如果不可用则指向 ``sys.stderr`` (此参数在 Windows 上会被忽略)。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:28 +msgid "" +"If echo free input is unavailable getpass() falls back to printing a warning" +" message to *stream* and reading from ``sys.stdin`` and issuing a " +":exc:`GetPassWarning`." +msgstr "" +"如果回显自由输入不可用则 getpass() 将回退为打印一条警告消息到 *stream* 并且从 ``sys.stdin`` 读取同时发出 " +":exc:`GetPassWarning`。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:33 +msgid "" +"If you call getpass from within IDLE, the input may be done in the terminal " +"you launched IDLE from rather than the idle window itself." +msgstr "如果你从 IDLE 内部调用 getpass，输入可能是在你启动 IDLE 的终端中而非在 IDLE 窗口本身中完成。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:38 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`UserWarning` subclass issued when password input may be echoed." +msgstr "一个当密码输入可能被回显时发出的 :exc:`UserWarning` 子类。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:43 +msgid "Return the \"login name\" of the user." +msgstr "返回用户的“登录名称”。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:45 +msgid "" +"This function checks the environment variables :envvar:`LOGNAME`, " +":envvar:`USER`, :envvar:`!LNAME` and :envvar:`USERNAME`, in order, and " +"returns the value of the first one which is set to a non-empty string. If " +"none are set, the login name from the password database is returned on " +"systems which support the :mod:`pwd` module, otherwise, an :exc:`OSError` is" +" raised." +msgstr "" +"此函数会按顺序检查环境变量 :envvar:`LOGNAME`, :envvar:`USER`, :envvar:`!LNAME` 和 " +":envvar:`USERNAME`，并返回其中第一个被设为非空字符串的值。 如果全都未设置，则在支持 :mod:`pwd` " +"模块的系统上将返回来自密码数据库的登录名，在其他情况下，将会引发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:52 +msgid "" +"In general, this function should be preferred over :func:`os.getlogin`." +msgstr "通常情况下，此函数应优先于 :func:`os.getlogin`。" + +#: ../../library/getpass.rst:54 +msgid "Previously, various exceptions beyond just :exc:`OSError` were raised." +msgstr "在之前版本中，会引发包括 :exc:`OSError` 在内的多种异常。" diff --git a/library/gettext.po b/library/gettext.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4d340bfb --- /dev/null +++ b/library/gettext.po @@ -0,0 +1,1118 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 钢 彭 , 2021 +# Kevin Deng , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!gettext` --- Multilingual internationalization services" +msgstr ":mod:`!gettext` --- 多语种国际化服务" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/gettext.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/gettext.py`" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`gettext` module provides internationalization (I18N) and " +"localization (L10N) services for your Python modules and applications. It " +"supports both the GNU :program:`gettext` message catalog API and a higher " +"level, class-based API that may be more appropriate for Python files. The " +"interface described below allows you to write your module and application " +"messages in one natural language, and provide a catalog of translated " +"messages for running under different natural languages." +msgstr "" +":mod:`gettext` 模块为 Python 模块和应用程序提供国际化 (Internationalization, I18N) 和本地化 " +"(Localization, L10N) 服务。它同时支持 GNU :program:`gettext` 消息编目 API 和更高级的、基于类的 " +"API，后者可能更适合于 Python " +"文件。下方描述的接口允许用户使用一种自然语言编写模块和应用程序消息，并提供翻译后的消息编目，以便在不同的自然语言下运行。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Some hints on localizing your Python modules and applications are also " +"given." +msgstr "同时还给出一些本地化 Python 模块及应用程序的小技巧。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:26 +msgid "GNU :program:`gettext` API" +msgstr "GNU :program:`gettext` API" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`gettext` module defines the following API, which is very similar " +"to the GNU :program:`gettext` API. If you use this API you will affect the " +"translation of your entire application globally. Often this is what you " +"want if your application is monolingual, with the choice of language " +"dependent on the locale of your user. If you are localizing a Python " +"module, or if your application needs to switch languages on the fly, you " +"probably want to use the class-based API instead." +msgstr "" +"模块 :mod:`gettext` 定义了下列 API，这与 :program:`gettext` API 类似。如果你使用该 " +"API，将会对整个应用程序产生全局的影响。如果你的应用程序支持多语种，而语言选择取决于用户的语言环境设置，这通常正是你所想要的。而如果你正在本地化某个 " +"Python 模块，或者你的应用程序需要在运行时切换语言，相反你或许想用基于类的API。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Bind the *domain* to the locale directory *localedir*. More concretely, " +":mod:`gettext` will look for binary :file:`.mo` files for the given domain " +"using the path (on Unix): " +":file:`{localedir}/{language}/LC_MESSAGES/{domain}.mo`, where *language* is " +"searched for in the environment variables :envvar:`LANGUAGE`, " +":envvar:`LC_ALL`, :envvar:`LC_MESSAGES`, and :envvar:`LANG` respectively." +msgstr "" +"将 *domain* 绑定到本地目录 *localedir*。 更具体地来说，模块 :mod:`gettext` 将使用路径 (在 Unix 系统中):" +" :file:`{localedir}/{language}/LC_MESSAGES/{domain}.mo` 查找二进制 :file:`.mo` " +"文件，此处对应地查找 *language* 的位置是环境变量 :envvar:`LANGUAGE`, :envvar:`LC_ALL`, " +":envvar:`LC_MESSAGES` 和 :envvar:`LANG` 中。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:45 +msgid "" +"If *localedir* is omitted or ``None``, then the current binding for *domain*" +" is returned. [#]_" +msgstr "如果遗漏了 *localedir* 或者设置为 ``None``，那么将返回当前 *domain* 所绑定的值 [#]_" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Change or query the current global domain. If *domain* is ``None``, then " +"the current global domain is returned, otherwise the global domain is set to" +" *domain*, which is returned." +msgstr "" +"修改或查询当前的全局域。如果 *domain* 为 ``None``，则返回当前的全局域，不为 ``None`` 则将全局域设置为 " +"*domain*，并返回它。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Return the localized translation of *message*, based on the current global " +"domain, language, and locale directory. This function is usually aliased as" +" :func:`!_` in the local namespace (see examples below)." +msgstr "" +"返回 *message* 的本地化翻译，依据当前的全局域、语言和语言区域目录。 本函数在局部命名空间中通常包含别名 :func:`!_` " +"(参见下面的示例)。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`.gettext`, but look the message up in the specified *domain*." +msgstr "与 :func:`.gettext` 类似，但在指定的 *domain* 中查找 message。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`.gettext`, but consider plural forms. If a translation is found," +" apply the plural formula to *n*, and return the resulting message (some " +"languages have more than two plural forms). If no translation is found, " +"return *singular* if *n* is 1; return *plural* otherwise." +msgstr "" +"与 :func:`.gettext` 类似，但考虑了复数形式。如果找到了翻译，则将 *n* " +"代入复数公式，然后返回得出的消息（某些语言具有两种以上的复数形式）。如果未找到翻译，则 *n* 为 1 时返回 *singular*，为其他数时返回 " +"*plural*。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:76 +msgid "" +"The Plural formula is taken from the catalog header. It is a C or Python " +"expression that has a free variable *n*; the expression evaluates to the " +"index of the plural in the catalog. See `the GNU gettext documentation " +"`__ for the " +"precise syntax to be used in :file:`.po` files and the formulas for a " +"variety of languages." +msgstr "" +"复数公式取自编目头文件。它是 C 或 Python 表达式，有一个自变量 *n*，该表达式计算的是所需复数形式在编目中的索引号。关于在 " +":file:`.po` 文件中使用的确切语法和各种语言的公式，请参阅 `GNU gettext 文档 " +"`__ 。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`ngettext`, but look the message up in the specified *domain*." +msgstr "与 :func:`ngettext` 类似，但在指定的 *domain* 中查找 message。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Similar to the corresponding functions without the ``p`` in the prefix (that" +" is, :func:`gettext`, :func:`dgettext`, :func:`ngettext`, " +":func:`dngettext`), but the translation is restricted to the given message " +"*context*." +msgstr "" +"与前缀中没有 ``p`` 的相应函数类似（即 :func:`gettext`, :func:`dgettext`, :func:`ngettext`, " +":func:`dngettext` ），但是仅翻译给定的 message *context*。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Note that GNU :program:`gettext` also defines a :func:`!dcgettext` method, " +"but this was deemed not useful and so it is currently unimplemented." +msgstr "" +"请注意 GNU :program:`gettext` 还定义了一个 :func:`!dcgettext` 方法，但它被认为并不实用因此目前尚未实现它。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:104 +msgid "Here's an example of typical usage for this API::" +msgstr "这是该 API 的典型用法示例::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:106 +msgid "" +"import gettext\n" +"gettext.bindtextdomain('myapplication', '/path/to/my/language/directory')\n" +"gettext.textdomain('myapplication')\n" +"_ = gettext.gettext\n" +"# ...\n" +"print(_('This is a translatable string.'))" +msgstr "" +"import gettext\n" +"gettext.bindtextdomain('myapplication', '/path/to/my/language/directory')\n" +"gettext.textdomain('myapplication')\n" +"_ = gettext.gettext\n" +"# ...\n" +"print(_('This is a translatable string.'))" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:115 +msgid "Class-based API" +msgstr "基于类的 API" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The class-based API of the :mod:`gettext` module gives you more flexibility " +"and greater convenience than the GNU :program:`gettext` API. It is the " +"recommended way of localizing your Python applications and modules. " +":mod:`!gettext` defines a :class:`GNUTranslations` class which implements " +"the parsing of GNU :file:`.mo` format files, and has methods for returning " +"strings. Instances of this class can also install themselves in the built-in" +" namespace as the function :func:`!_`." +msgstr "" +"与 GNU :program:`gettext` API 相比，:mod:`gettext` 模块的基于类的API 提供了更多的灵活性和便利性。 " +"这是本地化 Python 应用程序和模块的推荐方式。 :mod:`!gettext` 定义了一个 :class:`GNUTranslations` " +"类，它实现了对 GNU :file:`.mo` 格式文件的解析，并且具有用于返回字符串的方法。 本类的实例也可以将自身作为函数 :func:`!_` " +"安装到内置命名空间中。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:127 +msgid "" +"This function implements the standard :file:`.mo` file search algorithm. It" +" takes a *domain*, identical to what :func:`textdomain` takes. Optional " +"*localedir* is as in :func:`bindtextdomain`. Optional *languages* is a list " +"of strings, where each string is a language code." +msgstr "" +"本函数实现了标准的 :file:`.mo` 文件搜索算法。它接受一个 *domain*，它与 :func:`textdomain` " +"接受的域相同。可选参数 *localedir* 与 :func:`bindtextdomain` 中的相同。可选参数 *languages* " +"是多条字符串的列表，其中每条字符串都是一种语言代码。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:132 +msgid "" +"If *localedir* is not given, then the default system locale directory is " +"used. [#]_ If *languages* is not given, then the following environment " +"variables are searched: :envvar:`LANGUAGE`, :envvar:`LC_ALL`, " +":envvar:`LC_MESSAGES`, and :envvar:`LANG`. The first one returning a non-" +"empty value is used for the *languages* variable. The environment variables " +"should contain a colon separated list of languages, which will be split on " +"the colon to produce the expected list of language code strings." +msgstr "" +"如果没有传入 *localedir*，则使用默认的系统语言环境目录。 [#]_ 如果没有传入 " +"*languages*，则搜索以下环境变量：:envvar:`LANGUAGE`、:envvar:`LC_ALL`、:envvar:`LC_MESSAGES`" +" 和 :envvar:`LANG`。从这些变量返回的第一个非空值将用作 *languages* " +"变量。环境变量应包含一个语言列表，由冒号分隔，该列表会被按冒号拆分，以产生所需的语言代码字符串列表。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:140 +msgid "" +":func:`find` then expands and normalizes the languages, and then iterates " +"through them, searching for an existing file built of these components:" +msgstr ":func:`find` 将扩展并规范化 language，然后遍历它们，搜索由这些组件构建的现有文件:" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:143 +msgid ":file:`{localedir}/{language}/LC_MESSAGES/{domain}.mo`" +msgstr ":file:`{localedir}/{language}/LC_MESSAGES/{domain}.mo`" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The first such file name that exists is returned by :func:`find`. If no such" +" file is found, then ``None`` is returned. If *all* is given, it returns a " +"list of all file names, in the order in which they appear in the languages " +"list or the environment variables." +msgstr "" +":func:`find` 返回找到类似的第一个文件名。如果找不到这样的文件，则返回 ``None``。如果传入了 " +"*all*，它将返回一个列表，包含所有文件名，并按它们在语言列表或环境变量中出现的顺序排列。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Return a ``*Translations`` instance based on the *domain*, *localedir*, and " +"*languages*, which are first passed to :func:`find` to get a list of the " +"associated :file:`.mo` file paths. Instances with identical :file:`.mo` " +"file names are cached. The actual class instantiated is *class_* if " +"provided, otherwise :class:`GNUTranslations`. The class's constructor must " +"take a single :term:`file object` argument." +msgstr "" +"根据 *domain*, *localedir* 和 *languages* 返回一个 ``*Translations`` 实例，它们将首先被传给 " +":func:`find` 以获取由所关联的 :file:`.mo` 文件路径组成的列表。 具有相同 :file:`.mo` 文件名的实例会被缓存。 " +"如果提供了 *class_* 则它将是被实例化的类，否则将是 :class:`GNUTranslations`。 该类的构造器必须接受一个 " +":term:`file object` 参数。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:160 +msgid "" +"If multiple files are found, later files are used as fallbacks for earlier " +"ones. To allow setting the fallback, :func:`copy.copy` is used to clone each" +" translation object from the cache; the actual instance data is still shared" +" with the cache." +msgstr "" +"如果找到多个文件，后找到的文件将用作先前文件的替补。为了设置替补，将使用 :func:`copy.copy` 从缓存中克隆每个 translation " +"对象。实际的实例数据仍在缓存中共享。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:165 +msgid "" +"If no :file:`.mo` file is found, this function raises :exc:`OSError` if " +"*fallback* is false (which is the default), and returns a " +":class:`NullTranslations` instance if *fallback* is true." +msgstr "" +"如果 :file:`.mo` 文件未找到，且 *fallback* 为 false（默认值），则本函数引发 :exc:`OSError` 异常，如果 " +"*fallback* 为 true，则返回一个 :class:`NullTranslations` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:169 +msgid "" +":exc:`IOError` used to be raised, it is now an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "过去触发的 :exc:`IOError`，现在是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:172 +msgid "*codeset* parameter is removed." +msgstr "*codeset* 形参已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:177 +msgid "" +"This installs the function :func:`!_` in Python's builtins namespace, based " +"on *domain* and *localedir* which are passed to the function " +":func:`translation`." +msgstr "" +"这将在 Python 的内置命名空间中安装 :func:`!_` 函数，基于传给 :func:`translation` 函数的 *domain* 和 " +"*localedir*。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:180 +msgid "" +"For the *names* parameter, please see the description of the translation " +"object's :meth:`~NullTranslations.install` method." +msgstr "" +"*names* 参数的信息请参阅 translation 对象的 :meth:`~NullTranslations.install` 方法的描述。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:183 +msgid "" +"As seen below, you usually mark the strings in your application that are " +"candidates for translation, by wrapping them in a call to the :func:`!_` " +"function, like this::" +msgstr "如下所示，通常是将字符串包裹在对 :func:`!_` 函数的调用中，以标记应用程序中待翻译的字符串，就像这样::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:187 +msgid "print(_('This string will be translated.'))" +msgstr "print(_('This string will be translated.'))" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:189 +msgid "" +"For convenience, you want the :func:`!_` function to be installed in " +"Python's builtins namespace, so it is easily accessible in all modules of " +"your application." +msgstr "为了方便，可将 :func:`!_` 函数安装在 Python 的内置命名空间中，这样就可以在应用程序的所有模块中轻松地访问它。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:193 +msgid "*names* is now a keyword-only parameter." +msgstr "*names* 现在是仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:197 +msgid "The :class:`NullTranslations` class" +msgstr ":class:`NullTranslations` 类" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Translation classes are what actually implement the translation of original " +"source file message strings to translated message strings. The base class " +"used by all translation classes is :class:`NullTranslations`; this provides " +"the basic interface you can use to write your own specialized translation " +"classes. Here are the methods of :class:`!NullTranslations`:" +msgstr "" +"translation 类实际实现的是，将原始源文件消息字符串转换为已翻译的消息字符串。所有 translation 类使用的基类为 " +":class:`NullTranslations`，它提供了基本的接口，可用于编写自己定制的 translation 类。以下是 " +":class:`!NullTranslations` 的方法：" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Takes an optional :term:`file object` *fp*, which is ignored by the base " +"class. Initializes \"protected\" instance variables *_info* and *_charset* " +"which are set by derived classes, as well as *_fallback*, which is set " +"through :meth:`add_fallback`. It then calls ``self._parse(fp)`` if *fp* is " +"not ``None``." +msgstr "" +"接受一个可选参数 :term:`文件对象 ` *fp*，该参数会被基类忽略。初始化由派生类设置的 \"protected\" " +"（受保护的）实例变量 *_info* 和 *_charset*，与 *_fallback* 类似，但它是通过 :meth:`add_fallback` " +"来设置的。如果 *fp* 不为 ``None``，就会调用 ``self._parse(fp)``。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:216 +msgid "" +"No-op in the base class, this method takes file object *fp*, and reads the " +"data from the file, initializing its message catalog. If you have an " +"unsupported message catalog file format, you should override this method to " +"parse your format." +msgstr "" +"在基类中没有操作，本方法接受文件对象 " +"*fp*，从该文件读取数据，用来初始化消息编目。如果你手头的消息编目文件的格式不受支持，则应重写本方法来解析你的格式。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Add *fallback* as the fallback object for the current translation object. A " +"translation object should consult the fallback if it cannot provide a " +"translation for a given message." +msgstr "" +"添加 *fallback* 为当前 translation 对象的替补对象。如果 translation 对象无法为指定消息提供翻译，则应向替补查询。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:231 +msgid "" +"If a fallback has been set, forward :meth:`!gettext` to the fallback. " +"Otherwise, return *message*. Overridden in derived classes." +msgstr "如果设置了替补，则转发 :meth:`!gettext` 给替补。否则返回 *message*。在派生类中被重写。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:237 +msgid "" +"If a fallback has been set, forward :meth:`!ngettext` to the fallback. " +"Otherwise, return *singular* if *n* is 1; return *plural* otherwise. " +"Overridden in derived classes." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了替补，则转发 :meth:`!ngettext` 给替补。否则，*n* 为 1 时返回 *singular*，为其他时返回 " +"*plural*。在派生类中被重写。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:244 +msgid "" +"If a fallback has been set, forward :meth:`pgettext` to the fallback. " +"Otherwise, return the translated message. Overridden in derived classes." +msgstr "如果设置了替补，则转发 :meth:`pgettext` 给替补。否则返回已翻译的消息。在派生类中被重写。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:252 +msgid "" +"If a fallback has been set, forward :meth:`npgettext` to the fallback. " +"Otherwise, return the translated message. Overridden in derived classes." +msgstr "如果设置了替补，则转发 :meth:`npgettext` 给替补。否则返回已翻译的消息。在派生类中被重写。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary containing the metadata found in the message catalog " +"file." +msgstr "返回一个包含在消息编目文件中找到的元数据的字典。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:266 +msgid "Return the encoding of the message catalog file." +msgstr "返回消息编目文件的编码。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:271 +msgid "" +"This method installs :meth:`.gettext` into the built-in namespace, binding " +"it to ``_``." +msgstr "本方法将 :meth:`.gettext` 安装至内建命名空间，并绑定为 ``_``。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:274 +msgid "" +"If the *names* parameter is given, it must be a sequence containing the " +"names of functions you want to install in the builtins namespace in addition" +" to :func:`!_`. Supported names are ``'gettext'``, ``'ngettext'``, " +"``'pgettext'``, and ``'npgettext'``." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *names* 形参，则它必须是一个包含除 :func:`!_` 外需要在内置命名空间中安装的函数的名称的序列。 受支持的名称有 " +"``'gettext'``, ``'ngettext'``, ``'pgettext'`` 和 ``'npgettext'``。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Note that this is only one way, albeit the most convenient way, to make the " +":func:`!_` function available to your application. Because it affects the " +"entire application globally, and specifically the built-in namespace, " +"localized modules should never install :func:`!_`. Instead, they should use " +"this code to make :func:`!_` available to their module::" +msgstr "" +"请注意这只是将 :func:`!_` 函数提供给应用程序的一种方式，尽管也是最方便的方式。 " +"由于它会全局性地影响整个应用程序，特别是内置命名空间，因此本地化的模块绝不应安装 :func:`!_`。 作为替代，它们应使用以下代码使 " +":func:`!_` 可用于它们的模块::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:285 +msgid "" +"import gettext\n" +"t = gettext.translation('mymodule', ...)\n" +"_ = t.gettext" +msgstr "" +"import gettext\n" +"t = gettext.translation('mymodule', ...)\n" +"_ = t.gettext" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:289 +msgid "" +"This puts :func:`!_` only in the module's global namespace and so only " +"affects calls within this module." +msgstr "这样只把 :func:`!_` 放在模块的全局命名空间中所以只会影响该模块内的调用。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:292 +msgid "Added ``'pgettext'`` and ``'npgettext'``." +msgstr "添加了 ``'pgettext'`` 和 ``'npgettext'``。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:297 +msgid "The :class:`GNUTranslations` class" +msgstr ":class:`GNUTranslations` 类" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:299 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!gettext` module provides one additional class derived from " +":class:`NullTranslations`: :class:`GNUTranslations`. This class overrides " +":meth:`!_parse` to enable reading GNU :program:`gettext` format :file:`.mo` " +"files in both big-endian and little-endian format." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!gettext` 模块提供了一个派生自 :class:`NullTranslations` 的附加类: " +":class:`GNUTranslations`。 该类重写了 :meth:`!_parse` 以同时支持以大端序和小端序格式读取 GNU " +":program:`gettext` 格式的 :file:`.mo` 文件。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:304 +msgid "" +":class:`GNUTranslations` parses optional metadata out of the translation " +"catalog. It is convention with GNU :program:`gettext` to include metadata as" +" the translation for the empty string. This metadata is in :rfc:`822`\\ " +"-style ``key: value`` pairs, and should contain the ``Project-Id-Version`` " +"key. If the key ``Content-Type`` is found, then the ``charset`` property is" +" used to initialize the \"protected\" :attr:`!_charset` instance variable, " +"defaulting to ``None`` if not found. If the charset encoding is specified, " +"then all message ids and message strings read from the catalog are converted" +" to Unicode using this encoding, else ASCII is assumed." +msgstr "" +":class:`GNUTranslations` 会从翻译编目中解析可选的元数据。 根据惯例 GNU :program:`gettext` " +"会以空字符串翻译的形式包括元数据。 该元数据使用 :rfc:`822` 风格的 ``key: value`` 对，并且应当包含 ``Project-" +"Id-Version`` 键。 如果找到了 ``Content-Type`` 键，则将使用 ``charset`` 属性来初始化 " +"\"protected\" :attr:`!_charset` 实例变量，如未找到则默认为 ``None``。 如果指定了 charset " +"编码格式，则从编目中读取的所有消息 ID 和消息字符串都将使用该编码格式转换为 Unicode，否则会设定使用 ASCII。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Since message ids are read as Unicode strings too, all ``*gettext()`` " +"methods will assume message ids as Unicode strings, not byte strings." +msgstr "" +"由于消息 ID 也是以 Unicode 字符串的形式读取的，因此所有 ``*gettext()`` 方法都会假定消息 ID 为 " +"Unicode字符串，而不是字节串。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:317 +msgid "" +"The entire set of key/value pairs are placed into a dictionary and set as " +"the \"protected\" :attr:`!_info` instance variable." +msgstr "整个键/值对集合将被放入一个字典并设置为 \"protected\" :attr:`!_info` 实例变量。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:320 +msgid "" +"If the :file:`.mo` file's magic number is invalid, the major version number " +"is unexpected, or if other problems occur while reading the file, " +"instantiating a :class:`GNUTranslations` class can raise :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "" +"如果 :file:`.mo` 文件的魔法值 (magic number) 无效，或遇到意外的主版本号，或在读取文件时发生其他问题，则实例化 " +":class:`GNUTranslations` 类会引发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:326 +msgid "" +"The following methods are overridden from the base class implementation:" +msgstr "下列方法是根据基类实现重写的：" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:330 +msgid "" +"Look up the *message* id in the catalog and return the corresponding message" +" string, as a Unicode string. If there is no entry in the catalog for the " +"*message* id, and a fallback has been set, the look up is forwarded to the " +"fallback's :meth:`~NullTranslations.gettext` method. Otherwise, the " +"*message* id is returned." +msgstr "" +"在编目中查找 *message* ID，并以 Unicode 字符串形式返回相应的消息字符串。如果在编目中没有 *message* ID " +"条目，且配置了替补，则查找请求将被转发到替补的 :meth:`~NullTranslations.gettext` 方法。否则，返回 *message*" +" ID。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id. *singular* is used as the message" +" id for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while *n* is used to determine " +"which plural form to use. The returned message string is a Unicode string." +msgstr "" +"查找消息 ID 的复数形式。*singular* 用作消息 ID，用于在编目中查找，同时 *n* 用于确定使用哪种复数形式。返回的消息字符串是 " +"Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:343 +msgid "" +"If the message id is not found in the catalog, and a fallback is specified, " +"the request is forwarded to the fallback's " +":meth:`~NullTranslations.ngettext` method. Otherwise, when *n* is 1 " +"*singular* is returned, and *plural* is returned in all other cases." +msgstr "" +"如果在编目中没有找到消息 ID，且配置了替补，则查找请求将被转发到替补的 :meth:`~NullTranslations.ngettext` " +"方法。否则，当 *n* 为 1 时返回 *singular*，其他情况返回 *plural*。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:348 +msgid "Here is an example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:350 +msgid "" +"n = len(os.listdir('.'))\n" +"cat = GNUTranslations(somefile)\n" +"message = cat.ngettext(\n" +" 'There is %(num)d file in this directory',\n" +" 'There are %(num)d files in this directory',\n" +" n) % {'num': n}" +msgstr "" +"n = len(os.listdir('.'))\n" +"cat = GNUTranslations(somefile)\n" +"message = cat.ngettext(\n" +" 'There is %(num)d file in this directory',\n" +" 'There are %(num)d files in this directory',\n" +" n) % {'num': n}" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Look up the *context* and *message* id in the catalog and return the " +"corresponding message string, as a Unicode string. If there is no entry in " +"the catalog for the *message* id and *context*, and a fallback has been set," +" the look up is forwarded to the fallback's :meth:`pgettext` method. " +"Otherwise, the *message* id is returned." +msgstr "" +"在编目中查找 *context* 和 *message* ID，并以 Unicode 字符串形式返回相应的消息字符串。如果在编目中没有 " +"*message* ID 和 *context* 条目，且配置了替补，则查找请求将被转发到替补的 :meth:`pgettext` 方法。否则，返回 " +"*message* ID。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:371 +msgid "" +"Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id. *singular* is used as the message" +" id for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while *n* is used to determine " +"which plural form to use." +msgstr "查找消息 ID 的复数形式。*singular* 用作消息 ID，用于在编目中查找，同时 *n* 用于确定使用哪种复数形式。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:375 +msgid "" +"If the message id for *context* is not found in the catalog, and a fallback " +"is specified, the request is forwarded to the fallback's :meth:`npgettext` " +"method. Otherwise, when *n* is 1 *singular* is returned, and *plural* is " +"returned in all other cases." +msgstr "" +"如果在编目中没有找到 *context* 对应的消息 ID，且配置了替补，则查找请求将被转发到替补的 :meth:`npgettext` 方法。否则，当" +" *n* 为 1 时返回 *singular*，其他情况返回 *plural*。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:384 +msgid "Solaris message catalog support" +msgstr "Solaris 消息编目支持" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:386 +msgid "" +"The Solaris operating system defines its own binary :file:`.mo` file format," +" but since no documentation can be found on this format, it is not supported" +" at this time." +msgstr "Solaris 操作系统定义了自己的二进制 :file:`.mo` 文件格式，但由于找不到该格式的文档，因此目前不支持该格式。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:392 +msgid "The Catalog constructor" +msgstr "编目构造器" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:396 +msgid "" +"GNOME uses a version of the :mod:`gettext` module by James Henstridge, but " +"this version has a slightly different API. Its documented usage was::" +msgstr "" +"GNOME 用的 :mod:`gettext` 模块是 James Henstridge 写的版本，但该版本的 API 略有不同。它文档中的用法是::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:399 +msgid "" +"import gettext\n" +"cat = gettext.Catalog(domain, localedir)\n" +"_ = cat.gettext\n" +"print(_('hello world'))" +msgstr "" +"import gettext\n" +"cat = gettext.Catalog(domain, localedir)\n" +"_ = cat.gettext\n" +"print(_('hello world'))" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:404 +msgid "" +"For compatibility with this older module, the function :func:`!Catalog` is " +"an alias for the :func:`translation` function described above." +msgstr "为了与此模块的旧版本兼容，函数 :func:`!Catalog` 是上述 :func:`translation` 函数的别名。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:407 +msgid "" +"One difference between this module and Henstridge's: his catalog objects " +"supported access through a mapping API, but this appears to be unused and so" +" is not currently supported." +msgstr "" +"本模块与 Henstridge 的模块有一个区别：他的编目对象支持通过映射 API 进行访问，但是该特性似乎从未使用过，因此目前不支持该特性。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:414 +msgid "Internationalizing your programs and modules" +msgstr "国际化 (I18N) 你的程序和模块" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Internationalization (I18N) refers to the operation by which a program is " +"made aware of multiple languages. Localization (L10N) refers to the " +"adaptation of your program, once internationalized, to the local language " +"and cultural habits. In order to provide multilingual messages for your " +"Python programs, you need to take the following steps:" +msgstr "" +"国际化 (I18N) 是指使程序可切换多种语言的操作。本地化 (L10N) 是指程序的适配能力，一旦程序被国际化，就能适配当地的语言和文化习惯。为了向 " +"Python 程序提供不同语言的消息，需要执行以下步骤：" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:422 +msgid "" +"prepare your program or module by specially marking translatable strings" +msgstr "准备程序或模块，将可翻译的字符串特别标记起来" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:424 +msgid "" +"run a suite of tools over your marked files to generate raw messages " +"catalogs" +msgstr "在已标记的文件上运行一套工具，用来生成原始消息编目" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:426 +msgid "create language-specific translations of the message catalogs" +msgstr "创建消息编目的不同语言的翻译" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:428 +msgid "" +"use the :mod:`gettext` module so that message strings are properly " +"translated" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`gettext` 模块，以便正确翻译消息字符串" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:430 +msgid "" +"In order to prepare your code for I18N, you need to look at all the strings " +"in your files. Any string that needs to be translated should be marked by " +"wrapping it in ``_('...')`` --- that is, a call to the function :func:`_ " +"`. For example::" +msgstr "" +"为了准备代码以实现 I18N，你需要查看文件中的所有字符串。 任何需要翻译的字符串都应在 ``_('...')`` 中包含它来进行标记 --- " +"即调用函数 :func:`_ `。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:434 +msgid "" +"filename = 'mylog.txt'\n" +"message = _('writing a log message')\n" +"with open(filename, 'w') as fp:\n" +" fp.write(message)" +msgstr "" +"filename = 'mylog.txt'\n" +"message = _('writing a log message')\n" +"with open(filename, 'w') as fp:\n" +" fp.write(message)" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:439 +msgid "" +"In this example, the string ``'writing a log message'`` is marked as a " +"candidate for translation, while the strings ``'mylog.txt'`` and ``'w'`` are" +" not." +msgstr "" +"在这个例子中，字符串 ``'writing a log message'`` 被标记为待翻译，而字符串 ``'mylog.txt'`` 和 " +"``'w'`` 没有被标记。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:442 +msgid "" +"There are a few tools to extract the strings meant for translation. The " +"original GNU :program:`gettext` only supported C or C++ source code but its " +"extended version :program:`xgettext` scans code written in a number of " +"languages, including Python, to find strings marked as translatable. `Babel" +" `__ is a Python internationalization library that" +" includes a :file:`pybabel` script to extract and compile message catalogs." +" François Pinard's program called :program:`xpot` does a similar job and is" +" available as part of his `po-utils package `__." +msgstr "" +"有一些工具可以将待翻译的字符串提取出来。 原版的 GNU :program:`gettext` 仅支持 C 或 C++ 源代码，但其扩展版 " +":program:`xgettext` 可以扫描多种语言的代码，包括 Python 在内，来找出标记为可翻译的字符串。 `Babel " +"`__ 是一个包括了可用于提取并编译消息编目的 :file:`pybabel` 脚本的 Python" +" 国际化库。 François Pinard 的 :program:`xpot` 程序也能完成类似的工作并可在他的 `po-utils 包 " +"`__ 中获取。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:452 +msgid "" +"(Python also includes pure-Python versions of these programs, called " +":program:`pygettext.py` and :program:`msgfmt.py`; some Python distributions " +"will install them for you. :program:`pygettext.py` is similar to " +":program:`xgettext`, but only understands Python source code and cannot " +"handle other programming languages such as C or C++. :program:`pygettext.py`" +" supports a command-line interface similar to :program:`xgettext`; for " +"details on its use, run ``pygettext.py --help``. :program:`msgfmt.py` is " +"binary compatible with GNU :program:`msgfmt`. With these two programs, you " +"may not need the GNU :program:`gettext` package to internationalize your " +"Python applications.)" +msgstr "" +"（Python 还包括了这些程序的纯 Python 版本，称为 :program:`pygettext.py` 和 " +":program:`msgfmt.py`，某些 Python 发行版已经安装了它们。:program:`pygettext.py` 类似于 " +":program:`xgettext`，但只能理解 Python 源代码，无法处理诸如 C 或 C++ " +"的其他编程语言。:program:`pygettext.py` 支持的命令行界面类似于 :program:`xgettext`，查看其详细用法请运行 " +"``pygettext.py --help``。:program:`msgfmt.py` 与 GNU :program:`msgfmt` " +"是二进制兼容的。有了这两个程序，可以不需要 GNU :program:`gettext` 包来国际化 Python 应用程序。）" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:464 +msgid "" +":program:`xgettext`, :program:`pygettext`, and similar tools generate " +":file:`.po` files that are message catalogs. They are structured human-" +"readable files that contain every marked string in the source code, along " +"with a placeholder for the translated versions of these strings." +msgstr "" +":program:`xgettext`、:program:`pygettext` 或类似工具生成的 :file:`.po` " +"文件就是消息编目。它们是结构化的人类可读文件，包含源代码中所有被标记的字符串，以及这些字符串的翻译的占位符。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Copies of these :file:`.po` files are then handed over to the individual " +"human translators who write translations for every supported natural " +"language. They send back the completed language-specific versions as a " +":file:`.po` file that's compiled into a machine-readable " +":file:`.mo` binary catalog file using the :program:`msgfmt` program. The " +":file:`.mo` files are used by the :mod:`gettext` module for the actual " +"translation processing at run-time." +msgstr "" +"然后把这些 :file:`.po` 文件的副本交给各个人工译者，他们为所支持的每种自然语言编写翻译。译者以 :file:`<语言名称>.po` " +"文件的形式发送回翻译完的某个语言的版本，将该文件用 :program:`msgfmt` 程序编译为机器可读的 :file:`.mo` " +"二进制编目文件。:mod:`gettext` 模块使用 :file:`.mo` 文件在运行时进行实际的翻译处理。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:479 +msgid "" +"How you use the :mod:`gettext` module in your code depends on whether you " +"are internationalizing a single module or your entire application. The next " +"two sections will discuss each case." +msgstr "如何在代码中使用 :mod:`gettext` 模块取决于国际化单个模块还是整个应用程序。接下来的两节将讨论每种情况。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:485 +msgid "Localizing your module" +msgstr "本地化你的模块" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:487 +msgid "" +"If you are localizing your module, you must take care not to make global " +"changes, e.g. to the built-in namespace. You should not use the GNU " +":program:`gettext` API but instead the class-based API." +msgstr "" +"如果要本地化模块，则切忌进行全局性的更改，如更改内建命名空间。不应使用 GNU :program:`gettext` API，而应使用基于类的 API。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:491 +msgid "" +"Let's say your module is called \"spam\" and the module's various natural " +"language translation :file:`.mo` files reside in :file:`/usr/share/locale` " +"in GNU :program:`gettext` format. Here's what you would put at the top of " +"your module::" +msgstr "" +"假设你的模块叫做 \"spam\"，并且该模块的各种自然语言翻译 :file:`.mo` 文件存放于 " +":file:`/usr/share/locale`，为 GNU :program:`gettext` 格式。以下内容应放在模块顶部::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:496 +msgid "" +"import gettext\n" +"t = gettext.translation('spam', '/usr/share/locale')\n" +"_ = t.gettext" +msgstr "" +"import gettext\n" +"t = gettext.translation('spam', '/usr/share/locale')\n" +"_ = t.gettext" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:502 +msgid "Localizing your application" +msgstr "本地化你的应用程序" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:504 +msgid "" +"If you are localizing your application, you can install the :func:`!_` " +"function globally into the built-in namespace, usually in the main driver " +"file of your application. This will let all your application-specific files" +" just use ``_('...')`` without having to explicitly install it in each file." +msgstr "" +"如果你正在本地化你的应用程序，你可以将 :func:`!_` 函数全局安装到内置命名空间中，通常位于应用程序的主驱动文件内。 " +"这样将让你的应用程序专属的所有文件都可以使用 ``_('...')`` 而无需在每个文件中显示安装它。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:509 +msgid "" +"In the simple case then, you need only add the following bit of code to the " +"main driver file of your application::" +msgstr "最简单的情况，就只需将以下代码添加到应用程序的主程序文件中::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:512 +msgid "" +"import gettext\n" +"gettext.install('myapplication')" +msgstr "" +"import gettext\n" +"gettext.install('myapplication')" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:515 +msgid "" +"If you need to set the locale directory, you can pass it into the " +":func:`install` function::" +msgstr "如果需要设置语言环境目录，可以将其传递给 :func:`install` 函数::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:518 +msgid "" +"import gettext\n" +"gettext.install('myapplication', '/usr/share/locale')" +msgstr "" +"import gettext\n" +"gettext.install('myapplication', '/usr/share/locale')" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:523 +msgid "Changing languages on the fly" +msgstr "即时更改语言" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:525 +msgid "" +"If your program needs to support many languages at the same time, you may " +"want to create multiple translation instances and then switch between them " +"explicitly, like so::" +msgstr "如果程序需要同时支持多种语言，则可能需要创建多个翻译实例，然后在它们之间进行显式切换，如下所示::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:529 +msgid "" +"import gettext\n" +"\n" +"lang1 = gettext.translation('myapplication', languages=['en'])\n" +"lang2 = gettext.translation('myapplication', languages=['fr'])\n" +"lang3 = gettext.translation('myapplication', languages=['de'])\n" +"\n" +"# start by using language1\n" +"lang1.install()\n" +"\n" +"# ... time goes by, user selects language 2\n" +"lang2.install()\n" +"\n" +"# ... more time goes by, user selects language 3\n" +"lang3.install()" +msgstr "" +"import gettext\n" +"\n" +"lang1 = gettext.translation('myapplication', languages=['en'])\n" +"lang2 = gettext.translation('myapplication', languages=['fr'])\n" +"lang3 = gettext.translation('myapplication', languages=['de'])\n" +"\n" +"# 从使用语言 1 开始\n" +"lang1.install()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 过一段时间后，用户选择了语言 2\n" +"lang2.install()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 再过一段时间后，用户选择了语言 3\n" +"lang3.install()" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:546 +msgid "Deferred translations" +msgstr "延迟翻译" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:548 +msgid "" +"In most coding situations, strings are translated where they are coded. " +"Occasionally however, you need to mark strings for translation, but defer " +"actual translation until later. A classic example is::" +msgstr "在大多数代码中，字符串会在编写位置进行翻译。但偶尔需要将字符串标记为待翻译，实际翻译却推迟到后面。一个典型的例子是::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:552 +msgid "" +"animals = ['mollusk',\n" +" 'albatross',\n" +" 'rat',\n" +" 'penguin',\n" +" 'python', ]\n" +"# ...\n" +"for a in animals:\n" +" print(a)" +msgstr "" +"animals = ['mollusk',\n" +" 'albatross',\n" +" 'rat',\n" +" 'penguin',\n" +" 'python', ]\n" +"# ...\n" +"for a in animals:\n" +" print(a)" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:561 +msgid "" +"Here, you want to mark the strings in the ``animals`` list as being " +"translatable, but you don't actually want to translate them until they are " +"printed." +msgstr "此处希望将 ``animals`` 列表中的字符串标记为可翻译，但不希望在打印之前对它们进行翻译。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:565 +msgid "Here is one way you can handle this situation::" +msgstr "这是处理该情况的一种方式::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:567 +msgid "" +"def _(message): return message\n" +"\n" +"animals = [_('mollusk'),\n" +" _('albatross'),\n" +" _('rat'),\n" +" _('penguin'),\n" +" _('python'), ]\n" +"\n" +"del _\n" +"\n" +"# ...\n" +"for a in animals:\n" +" print(_(a))" +msgstr "" +"def _(message): return message\n" +"\n" +"animals = [_('mollusk'),\n" +" _('albatross'),\n" +" _('rat'),\n" +" _('penguin'),\n" +" _('python'), ]\n" +"\n" +"del _\n" +"\n" +"# ...\n" +"for a in animals:\n" +" print(_(a))" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:581 +msgid "" +"This works because the dummy definition of :func:`!_` simply returns the " +"string unchanged. And this dummy definition will temporarily override any " +"definition of :func:`!_` in the built-in namespace (until the :keyword:`del`" +" command). Take care, though if you have a previous definition of :func:`!_`" +" in the local namespace." +msgstr "" +"这样做是因为 :func:`!_` 的虚定义只是简单地原样返回字符串。 并且这个虚定义将临时覆盖内置命名空间中任何的 :func:`!_` 定义（直到 " +":keyword:`del` 命令）。 但是如果之前你在局部命名空间中已有 :func:`!_` 的定义，则需要特别注意。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Note that the second use of :func:`!_` will not identify \"a\" as being " +"translatable to the :program:`gettext` program, because the parameter is not" +" a string literal." +msgstr "" +"请注意在第二次使用 :func:`!_` 时将不会认为“a”可以由 :program:`gettext` 程序去翻译，因为该形参不是字符串字面值。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:591 +msgid "Another way to handle this is with the following example::" +msgstr "解决该问题的另一种方法是下面这个例子::" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:593 +msgid "" +"def N_(message): return message\n" +"\n" +"animals = [N_('mollusk'),\n" +" N_('albatross'),\n" +" N_('rat'),\n" +" N_('penguin'),\n" +" N_('python'), ]\n" +"\n" +"# ...\n" +"for a in animals:\n" +" print(_(a))" +msgstr "" +"def N_(message): return message\n" +"\n" +"animals = [N_('mollusk'),\n" +" N_('albatross'),\n" +" N_('rat'),\n" +" N_('penguin'),\n" +" N_('python'), ]\n" +"\n" +"# ...\n" +"for a in animals:\n" +" print(_(a))" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:605 +msgid "" +"In this case, you are marking translatable strings with the function " +":func:`!N_`, which won't conflict with any definition of :func:`!_`. " +"However, you will need to teach your message extraction program to look for " +"translatable strings marked with :func:`!N_`. :program:`xgettext`, " +":program:`pygettext`, ``pybabel extract``, and :program:`xpot` all support " +"this through the use of the :option:`!-k` command-line switch. The choice of" +" :func:`!N_` here is totally arbitrary; it could have just as easily been " +":func:`!MarkThisStringForTranslation`." +msgstr "" +"在这种情况下，你用函数 :func:`!N_` 来标记可翻译的字符串，它与 :func:`!_` 的任何定义都不会冲突。 " +"不过，你需要让你的消息提取程序寻找用 :func:`!N_` 标记的可翻译字符串。 :program:`xgettext`, " +":program:`pygettext`, ``pybabel extract`` 和 :program:`xpot` 都通过使用 " +":option:`!-k` 命令行开关来支持此功能。 这里选择用 :func:`!N_` 完全是任意的；它也可以简单地改为 " +":func:`!MarkThisStringForTranslation`。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:616 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:618 +msgid "" +"The following people contributed code, feedback, design suggestions, " +"previous implementations, and valuable experience to the creation of this " +"module:" +msgstr "以下人员为创建此模块贡献了代码、反馈、设计建议、早期实现和宝贵的经验：" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:621 +msgid "Peter Funk" +msgstr "Peter Funk" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:623 +msgid "James Henstridge" +msgstr "James Henstridge" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:625 +msgid "Juan David Ibáñez Palomar" +msgstr "Juan David Ibáñez Palomar" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:627 +msgid "Marc-André Lemburg" +msgstr "Marc-André Lemburg" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:629 +msgid "Martin von Löwis" +msgstr "Martin von Löwis" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:631 +msgid "François Pinard" +msgstr "François Pinard" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:633 +msgid "Barry Warsaw" +msgstr "Barry Warsaw" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:635 +msgid "Gustavo Niemeyer" +msgstr "Gustavo Niemeyer" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:638 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:639 +msgid "" +"The default locale directory is system dependent; for example, on Red Hat " +"Linux it is :file:`/usr/share/locale`, but on Solaris it is " +":file:`/usr/lib/locale`. The :mod:`!gettext` module does not try to support " +"these system dependent defaults; instead its default is " +":file:`{sys.base_prefix}/share/locale` (see :data:`sys.base_prefix`). For " +"this reason, it is always best to call :func:`bindtextdomain` with an " +"explicit absolute path at the start of your application." +msgstr "" +"默认的语言区域目录取决于具体系统；例如，在 Red Hat Linux 上为 :file:`/usr/share/locale`，但在 Solaris " +"上则为 :file:`/usr/lib/locale`。 :mod:`!gettext` 模块没有试图支持这些依赖于系统的默认值；而是默认设为 " +":file:`{sys.base_prefix}/share/locale` (参见 :data:`sys.base_prefix`)。 " +"基于上述原因，最好每次都在程序启动时调用 :func:`bindtextdomain` 并附带一个显式的绝对路径。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:647 +msgid "See the footnote for :func:`bindtextdomain` above." +msgstr "参阅上方 :func:`bindtextdomain` 的脚注。" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:56 +msgid "_ (underscore)" +msgstr "_ (下划线)" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:56 +msgid "gettext" +msgstr "gettext" + +#: ../../library/gettext.rst:394 +msgid "GNOME" +msgstr "GNOME" diff --git a/library/glob.po b/library/glob.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..769b578d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/glob.po @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!glob` --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion" +msgstr ":mod:`!glob` --- Unix 风格的路径名模式扩展" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/glob.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/glob.py`" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:21 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`glob` module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern " +"according to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned" +" in arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but ``*``, ``?``, and " +"character ranges expressed with ``[]`` will be correctly matched. This is " +"done by using the :func:`os.scandir` and :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` functions " +"in concert, and not by actually invoking a subshell." +msgstr "" +":mod:`glob` 模块会按照 Unix shell 所使用的规则找出所有匹配特定模式的路径名称，但返回结果的顺序是不确定的。 " +"波浪号扩展不会生效，但 ``*``, ``?`` 以及用 ``[]`` 表示的字符范围将被正确地匹配。 这是通过配合使用 " +":func:`os.scandir` 和 :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` 函数来实现的，而不是通过实际唤起子 shell。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Note that files beginning with a dot (``.``) can only be matched by patterns" +" that also start with a dot, unlike :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` or " +":func:`pathlib.Path.glob`. (For tilde and shell variable expansion, use " +":func:`os.path.expanduser` and :func:`os.path.expandvars`.)" +msgstr "" +"请注意以点号 (``.``) 打头的文件只能用同样以点号打头的模式来匹配，这不同于 :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` 或 " +":func:`pathlib.Path.glob`。 （对于波浪号和 shell 变量扩展，请使用 :func:`os.path.expanduser`" +" 和 :func:`os.path.expandvars`。）" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:34 +msgid "" +"For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, " +"``'[?]'`` matches the character ``'?'``." +msgstr "对于字面值匹配，请将原字符用方括号括起来。 例如，``'[?]'`` 将匹配字符 ``'?'``。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:37 +msgid "The :mod:`glob` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`glob` 模块定义了下列函数：" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Return a possibly empty list of path names that match *pathname*, which must" +" be a string containing a path specification. *pathname* can be either " +"absolute (like :file:`/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) or relative (like " +":file:`../../Tools/\\*/\\*.gif`), and can contain shell-style wildcards. " +"Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell). Whether or " +"not the results are sorted depends on the file system. If a file that " +"satisfies conditions is removed or added during the call of this function, " +"whether a path name for that file will be included is unspecified." +msgstr "" +"返回一个匹配 *pathname* 的可能为空的路径名列表，其中的元素必须为包含路径信息的字符串。 *pathname* 可以是绝对路径 (如 " +":file:`/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) 或相对路径 (如 " +":file:`../../Tools/\\*/\\*.gif`)，并可包含 shell 风格的通配符。 无效的符号链接也将包括在结果中 (如像在 " +"shell 中一样)。 结果是否排序取决于具体文件系统。 如果某个符合条件的文件在调用此函数期间被移除或添加，是否包括该文件的路径是没有规定的。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:52 +msgid "" +"If *root_dir* is not ``None``, it should be a :term:`path-like object` " +"specifying the root directory for searching. It has the same effect on " +":func:`glob` as changing the current directory before calling it. If " +"*pathname* is relative, the result will contain paths relative to " +"*root_dir*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *root_dir* 不为 ``None``，则它应当是指明要搜索的根目录的 :term:`path-like object`。 它用在 " +":func:`glob` 上与在调用它之前改变当前目录有相同的效果。 如果 *pathname* 为相对路径，结果将包含相对于 *root_dir* " +"的路径。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:58 +msgid "" +"This function can support :ref:`paths relative to directory descriptors " +"` with the *dir_fd* parameter." +msgstr "本函数带有 *dir_fd* 参数，支持 :ref:`基于目录描述符的相对路径 `。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:64 +msgid "" +"If *recursive* is true, the pattern \"``**``\" will match any files and zero" +" or more directories, subdirectories and symbolic links to directories. If " +"the pattern is followed by an :data:`os.sep` or :data:`os.altsep` then files" +" will not match." +msgstr "" +"如果 *recursive* 为真值，则模式 \"``**``\" 将匹配目录中的任何文件以及零个或多个目录、子目录和符号链接。 如果模式加了一个 " +":data:`os.sep` 或 :data:`os.altsep` 则将不匹配文件。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:69 +msgid "" +"If *include_hidden* is true, \"``**``\" pattern will match hidden " +"directories." +msgstr "如果 *include_hidden* 为真值，\"``**``\" 模式将匹配隐藏目录。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:71 ../../library/glob.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``glob.glob`` with arguments " +"``pathname``, ``recursive``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``glob.glob`` 并附带参数 ``pathname``, ``recursive``。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:72 ../../library/glob.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``glob.glob/2`` with arguments " +"``pathname``, ``recursive``, ``root_dir``, ``dir_fd``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``glob.glob/2`` 并附带参数 ``pathname``, " +"``recursive``, ``root_dir``, ``dir_fd``。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Using the \"``**``\" pattern in large directory trees may consume an " +"inordinate amount of time." +msgstr "在一个较大的目录树中使用 \"``**``\" 模式可能会消耗非常多的时间。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:79 ../../library/glob.rst:102 +msgid "" +"This function may return duplicate path names if *pathname* contains " +"multiple \"``**``\" patterns and *recursive* is true." +msgstr "如果 *pathname* 包含多个 \"``**``\" 模式并且 *recursive* 为真值则此函数可能返回重复的路径名。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:82 ../../library/glob.rst:105 +msgid "Support for recursive globs using \"``**``\"." +msgstr "支持使用 \"``**``\" 的递归 glob。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:85 ../../library/glob.rst:108 +msgid "Added the *root_dir* and *dir_fd* parameters." +msgstr "添加了 *root_dir* 和 *dir_fd* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:88 ../../library/glob.rst:111 +msgid "Added the *include_hidden* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *include_hidden* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Return an :term:`iterator` which yields the same values as :func:`glob` " +"without actually storing them all simultaneously." +msgstr "返回一个 :term:`iterator`，它会产生与 :func:`glob` 相同的结果，但不会实际地同时保存它们。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Escape all special characters (``'?'``, ``'*'`` and ``'['``). This is useful" +" if you want to match an arbitrary literal string that may have special " +"characters in it. Special characters in drive/UNC sharepoints are not " +"escaped, e.g. on Windows ``escape('//?/c:/Quo vadis?.txt')`` returns " +"``'//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt'``." +msgstr "" +"转义所有特殊字符 (``'?'``, ``'*'`` 和 ``'['``)。 这适用于当你想要匹配可能带有特殊字符的任意字符串字面值的情况。 在 " +"drive/UNC 共享点中的特殊字符不会被转义，例如在 Windows 上 ``escape('//?/c:/Quo vadis?.txt')`` " +"将返回 ``'//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt'``。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Convert the given path specification to a regular expression for use with " +":func:`re.match`. The path specification can contain shell-style wildcards." +msgstr "将给定的路径规格说明转换为一个正则表达式供 :func:`re.match` 使用。 路径规格说明可以包含 shell 风格的通配符。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:131 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Path separators and segments are meaningful to this function, unlike " +":func:`fnmatch.translate`. By default wildcards do not match path " +"separators, and ``*`` pattern segments match precisely one path segment." +msgstr "" +"路径分隔符与部件对该函数是有意义的，这与 :func:`fnmatch.translate` 不同。 在默认情况下通配符不会匹配路径分隔符，而 " +"``*`` 模式部件将精确匹配一个路径部件。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:146 +msgid "" +"If *recursive* is true, the pattern segment \"``**``\" will match any number" +" of path segments." +msgstr "如果 *recursive* 为真值，则模式部件 \"``**``\" 将匹配任意数量的路径部件。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:149 +msgid "" +"If *include_hidden* is true, wildcards can match path segments that start " +"with a dot (``.``)." +msgstr "如果 *include_hidden* 为真值，则通配符可以匹配以点号 (``.``) 打头的路径部件。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:152 +msgid "" +"A sequence of path separators may be supplied to the *seps* argument. If not" +" given, :data:`os.sep` and :data:`~os.altsep` (if available) are used." +msgstr "" +"可以向 *seps* 参数提供一个由路径分隔符组成的序列。 如果未给出，则将使用 :data:`os.sep` 和 :data:`~os.altsep`" +" (如果可用)。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:157 +msgid "" +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.full_match` and :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` methods, " +"which call this function to implement pattern matching and globbing." +msgstr "" +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.full_match` 和 :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` " +"方法，它们将调用此函数来实现模式匹配和 glob 操作。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:165 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Consider a directory containing the following files: :file:`1.gif`, " +":file:`2.txt`, :file:`card.gif` and a subdirectory :file:`sub` which " +"contains only the file :file:`3.txt`. :func:`glob` will produce the " +"following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are " +"preserved. ::" +msgstr "" +"考虑一个包含以下文件的目录: :file:`1.gif`, :file:`2.txt`, :file:`card.gif` 以及一个子目录 " +":file:`sub` 且其中只包含一个文件 :file:`3.txt`。 :func:`glob` 将产生如下结果。 " +"请注意路径的任何开头部件都将被保留。 ::" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:173 +msgid "" +">>> import glob\n" +">>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')\n" +"['./1.gif', './2.txt']\n" +">>> glob.glob('*.gif')\n" +"['1.gif', 'card.gif']\n" +">>> glob.glob('?.gif')\n" +"['1.gif']\n" +">>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)\n" +"['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']\n" +">>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)\n" +"['./', './sub/']" +msgstr "" +">>> import glob\n" +">>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')\n" +"['./1.gif', './2.txt']\n" +">>> glob.glob('*.gif')\n" +"['1.gif', 'card.gif']\n" +">>> glob.glob('?.gif')\n" +"['1.gif']\n" +">>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)\n" +"['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']\n" +">>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)\n" +"['./', './sub/']" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:185 +msgid "" +"If the directory contains files starting with ``.`` they won't be matched by" +" default. For example, consider a directory containing :file:`card.gif` and " +":file:`.card.gif`::" +msgstr "" +"如果目录包含以 ``.`` 打头的文件，它们默认将不会被匹配。 例如，考虑一个包含 :file:`card.gif` 和 " +":file:`.card.gif` 的目录::" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:189 +msgid "" +">>> import glob\n" +">>> glob.glob('*.gif')\n" +"['card.gif']\n" +">>> glob.glob('.c*')\n" +"['.card.gif']" +msgstr "" +">>> import glob\n" +">>> glob.glob('*.gif')\n" +"['card.gif']\n" +">>> glob.glob('.c*')\n" +"['.card.gif']" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:196 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`fnmatch` module offers shell-style filename (not path) expansion." +msgstr ":mod:`fnmatch` 模块提供了 shell 风格的文件名（而非路径）扩展。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:199 +msgid "The :mod:`pathlib` module offers high-level path objects." +msgstr ":mod:`pathlib` 模块提供高级路径对象。" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:9 +msgid "filenames" +msgstr "文件名" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:9 +msgid "pathname expansion" +msgstr "路径名扩展" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:13 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:13 ../../library/glob.rst:61 +msgid "in glob-style wildcards" +msgstr "使用 glob 风格的通配符" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:13 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:13 +msgid "[] (square brackets)" +msgstr "[] (方括号)" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:13 +msgid "! (exclamation)" +msgstr "! (感叹号)" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:13 +msgid "- (minus)" +msgstr "- (减号)" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:13 +msgid ". (dot)" +msgstr ". (点号)" + +#: ../../library/glob.rst:61 +msgid "**" +msgstr "**" diff --git a/library/graphlib.po b/library/graphlib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aed29d9e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/graphlib.po @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:06+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`!graphlib` --- Functionality to operate with graph-like structures" +msgstr ":mod:`!graphlib` --- 操作类似图的结构的功能" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/graphlib.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/graphlib.py`" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Provides functionality to topologically sort a graph of :term:`hashable` " +"nodes." +msgstr "提供以拓扑方式对由 :term:`hashable` 节点组成的图进行排序的功能。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:22 +msgid "" +"A topological order is a linear ordering of the vertices in a graph such " +"that for every directed edge u -> v from vertex u to vertex v, vertex u " +"comes before vertex v in the ordering. For instance, the vertices of the " +"graph may represent tasks to be performed, and the edges may represent " +"constraints that one task must be performed before another; in this example," +" a topological ordering is just a valid sequence for the tasks. A complete " +"topological ordering is possible if and only if the graph has no directed " +"cycles, that is, if it is a directed acyclic graph." +msgstr "" +"拓扑排序是指图中顶点的线性排序，使得对于每条从顶点 u 到顶点 v 的有向边 u -> v，顶点 u 都排在顶点 v 之前。 " +"例如，图的顶点可以代表要执行的任务，而边代表某一个任务必须在另一个任务之前执行的约束条件；在这个例子中，拓扑排序只是任务的有效序列。 完全拓扑排序 " +"当且仅当图不包含有向环，也就是说为有向无环图时，完全拓扑排序才是可能的。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:31 +msgid "" +"If the optional *graph* argument is provided it must be a dictionary " +"representing a directed acyclic graph where the keys are nodes and the " +"values are iterables of all predecessors of that node in the graph (the " +"nodes that have edges that point to the value in the key). Additional nodes " +"can be added to the graph using the :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.add` method." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了可选的 *graph* " +"参数则它必须为一个表示有向无环图的字典，其中的键为节点而值为包含图中该节点的所有上级节点（即具有指向键中的值的边的节点）的可迭代对象。 " +"额外的节点可以使用 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.add` 方法添加到图中。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:37 +msgid "" +"In the general case, the steps required to perform the sorting of a given " +"graph are as follows:" +msgstr "在通常情况下，对给定的图执行排序所需的步骤如下:" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Create an instance of the :class:`TopologicalSorter` with an optional " +"initial graph." +msgstr "通过可选的初始图创建一个 :class:`TopologicalSorter` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:42 +msgid "Add additional nodes to the graph." +msgstr "添加额外的节点到图中。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:43 +msgid "Call :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` on the graph." +msgstr "在图上调用 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare`。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:44 +msgid "" +"While :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.is_active` is ``True``, iterate over the " +"nodes returned by :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready` and process them. " +"Call :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.done` on each node as it finishes processing." +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.is_active` 为 ``True`` 时，迭代 " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready` 所返回的节点并加以处理。 完成处理后在每个节点上调用 " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.done`。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:49 +msgid "" +"In case just an immediate sorting of the nodes in the graph is required and " +"no parallelism is involved, the convenience method " +":meth:`TopologicalSorter.static_order` can be used directly:" +msgstr "" +"在只需要对图中的节点进行立即排序并且不涉及并行性的情况下，可以直接使用便捷方法 " +":meth:`TopologicalSorter.static_order`:" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:53 +msgid "" +">>> graph = {\"D\": {\"B\", \"C\"}, \"C\": {\"A\"}, \"B\": {\"A\"}}\n" +">>> ts = TopologicalSorter(graph)\n" +">>> tuple(ts.static_order())\n" +"('A', 'C', 'B', 'D')" +msgstr "" +">>> graph = {\"D\": {\"B\", \"C\"}, \"C\": {\"A\"}, \"B\": {\"A\"}}\n" +">>> ts = TopologicalSorter(graph)\n" +">>> tuple(ts.static_order())\n" +"('A', 'C', 'B', 'D')" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The class is designed to easily support parallel processing of the nodes as " +"they become ready. For instance::" +msgstr "这个类被设计用来在节点就绪时方便地支持对其并行处理。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:63 +msgid "" +"topological_sorter = TopologicalSorter()\n" +"\n" +"# Add nodes to 'topological_sorter'...\n" +"\n" +"topological_sorter.prepare()\n" +"while topological_sorter.is_active():\n" +" for node in topological_sorter.get_ready():\n" +" # Worker threads or processes take nodes to work on off the\n" +" # 'task_queue' queue.\n" +" task_queue.put(node)\n" +"\n" +" # When the work for a node is done, workers put the node in\n" +" # 'finalized_tasks_queue' so we can get more nodes to work on.\n" +" # The definition of 'is_active()' guarantees that, at this point, at\n" +" # least one node has been placed on 'task_queue' that hasn't yet\n" +" # been passed to 'done()', so this blocking 'get()' must (eventually)\n" +" # succeed. After calling 'done()', we loop back to call 'get_ready()'\n" +" # again, so put newly freed nodes on 'task_queue' as soon as\n" +" # logically possible.\n" +" node = finalized_tasks_queue.get()\n" +" topological_sorter.done(node)" +msgstr "" +"topological_sorter = TopologicalSorter()\n" +"\n" +"# 添加节点到 'topological_sorter'...\n" +"\n" +"topological_sorter.prepare()\n" +"while topological_sorter.is_active():\n" +" for node in topological_sorter.get_ready():\n" +" # 工作线程或进程接受节点在\n" +" # 'task_queue' 队列上工作和移除\n" +" task_queue.put(node)\n" +"\n" +" # 当一个节点的工作完成时，工作线程或进程就会将节点放入\n" +" # 'finalized_tasks_queue' 这样我们就可以继续操作其他节点。\n" +" # 'is_active()' 的定义能够确保这一点，这时，至少有一个节点\n" +" # 已被放置在 'task_queue' 上而尚未被传给 'done()'，因此这个\n" +" # 阻塞中的 'get()' 必须（最终）成功。 在调用 'done()' 之后，\n" +" # 我们将环回至再次调用 'get_ready()'，因此只要逻辑上可能\n" +" # 就应尽快将新近可用的节点放入 'task_queue' 中。\n" +" node = finalized_tasks_queue.get()\n" +" topological_sorter.done(node)" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Add a new node and its predecessors to the graph. Both the *node* and all " +"elements in *predecessors* must be :term:`hashable`." +msgstr "" +"将一个新节点及其上级节点添加到图中。 *node* 和 *predecessors* 中的所有元素都必须是 :term:`hashable`。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:90 +msgid "" +"If called multiple times with the same node argument, the set of " +"dependencies will be the union of all dependencies passed in." +msgstr "如果附带相同的节点参数多次调用，则依赖项的集合将为所有被传入依赖项的并集。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:93 +msgid "" +"It is possible to add a node with no dependencies (*predecessors* is not " +"provided) or to provide a dependency twice. If a node that has not been " +"provided before is included among *predecessors* it will be automatically " +"added to the graph with no predecessors of its own." +msgstr "" +"可以添加不带依赖项的节点 (即不提供 *predecessors*) 或者重复提供依赖项。 如果有先前未提供的节点包含在 *predecessors* " +"中则它将被自动添加到图中并且不带自己的上级节点。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`ValueError` if called after :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare`." +msgstr "如果在 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` 之后被调用则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Mark the graph as finished and check for cycles in the graph. If any cycle " +"is detected, :exc:`CycleError` will be raised, but " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready` can still be used to obtain as many " +"nodes as possible until cycles block more progress. After a call to this " +"function, the graph cannot be modified, and therefore no more nodes can be " +"added using :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.add`." +msgstr "" +"将图标记为已完成并检查图中是否存在环。 如何检测到任何环，则将引发 :exc:`CycleError`，但 " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready` 仍可被用来获取尽可能多的节点直到环阻塞了操作过程。 " +"在调用此函数后，图将无法再修改，因此不能再使用 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.add` 添加更多的节点。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if more progress can be made and ``False`` otherwise. " +"Progress can be made if cycles do not block the resolution and either there " +"are still nodes ready that haven't yet been returned by " +":meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready` or the number of nodes marked " +":meth:`TopologicalSorter.done` is less than the number that have been " +"returned by :meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready`." +msgstr "" +"如果可以取得更多进展则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 如果环没有阻塞操作，并且还存在尚未被 " +":meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready` 返回的已就绪节点或者已标记为 " +":meth:`TopologicalSorter.done` 的节点数量少于已被 :meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready`" +" 所返回的节点数量则还可以取得进展。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__bool__` method of this class defers to this function, " +"so instead of::" +msgstr "该类的 :meth:`~object.__bool__` 方法要使用此函数，因此除了::" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:121 +msgid "" +"if ts.is_active():\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"if ts.is_active():\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:124 +msgid "it is possible to simply do::" +msgstr "可能会简单地执行::" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:126 +msgid "" +"if ts:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"if ts:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:129 ../../library/graphlib.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`ValueError` if called without calling " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` previously." +msgstr "" +"如果之前未调用 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` 就调用此函数则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Marks a set of nodes returned by :meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready` as " +"processed, unblocking any successor of each node in *nodes* for being " +"returned in the future by a call to :meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready`." +msgstr "" +"将 :meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready` 所返回的节点集合标记为已处理，解除对 *nodes* " +"中每个节点的后续节点的阻塞以便在将来通过对 :meth:`TopologicalSorter.get_ready` 的调用来返回它们。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`ValueError` if any node in *nodes* has already been marked as " +"processed by a previous call to this method or if a node was not added to " +"the graph by using :meth:`TopologicalSorter.add`, if called without calling " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` or if node has not yet been returned by " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *nodes* 中的任何节点已经被之前对该方法的调用标记为已处理或者如果未通过使用 :meth:`TopologicalSorter.add` " +"将一个节点添加到图中，如果未调用 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` 即调用此方法或者如果节点尚未被 " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready` 所返回则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Returns a ``tuple`` with all the nodes that are ready. Initially it returns " +"all nodes with no predecessors, and once those are marked as processed by " +"calling :meth:`TopologicalSorter.done`, further calls will return all new " +"nodes that have all their predecessors already processed. Once no more " +"progress can be made, empty tuples are returned." +msgstr "" +"返回由所有已就绪节点组成的 ``tuple``。 初始状态下它将返回所有不带上级节点的节点，并且一旦通过调用 " +":meth:`TopologicalSorter.done` 将它们标记为已处理，之后的调用将返回所有上级节点已被处理的新节点。 " +"一旦无法再取得进展，则会返回空元组。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Returns an iterator object which will iterate over nodes in a topological " +"order. When using this method, :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` and " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.done` should not be called. This method is " +"equivalent to::" +msgstr "" +"返回一个迭代器，它将按照拓扑顺序来迭代所有节点。 当使用此方法时，:meth:`~TopologicalSorter.prepare` 和 " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.done` 不应被调用。 此方法等价于::" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:162 +msgid "" +"def static_order(self):\n" +" self.prepare()\n" +" while self.is_active():\n" +" node_group = self.get_ready()\n" +" yield from node_group\n" +" self.done(*node_group)" +msgstr "" +"def static_order(self):\n" +" self.prepare()\n" +" while self.is_active():\n" +" node_group = self.get_ready()\n" +" yield from node_group\n" +" self.done(*node_group)" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:169 +msgid "" +"The particular order that is returned may depend on the specific order in " +"which the items were inserted in the graph. For example:" +msgstr "所返回的特定顺序可能取决于条目被插入图中的顺序。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:172 +msgid "" +">>> ts = TopologicalSorter()\n" +">>> ts.add(3, 2, 1)\n" +">>> ts.add(1, 0)\n" +">>> print([*ts.static_order()])\n" +"[2, 0, 1, 3]\n" +"\n" +">>> ts2 = TopologicalSorter()\n" +">>> ts2.add(1, 0)\n" +">>> ts2.add(3, 2, 1)\n" +">>> print([*ts2.static_order()])\n" +"[0, 2, 1, 3]" +msgstr "" +">>> ts = TopologicalSorter()\n" +">>> ts.add(3, 2, 1)\n" +">>> ts.add(1, 0)\n" +">>> print([*ts.static_order()])\n" +"[2, 0, 1, 3]\n" +"\n" +">>> ts2 = TopologicalSorter()\n" +">>> ts2.add(1, 0)\n" +">>> ts2.add(3, 2, 1)\n" +">>> print([*ts2.static_order()])\n" +"[0, 2, 1, 3]" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:186 +msgid "" +"This is due to the fact that \"0\" and \"2\" are in the same level in the " +"graph (they would have been returned in the same call to " +":meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready`) and the order between them is " +"determined by the order of insertion." +msgstr "" +"这是由于实际上 \"0\" 和 \"2\" 在图中的级别相同（它们将在对 :meth:`~TopologicalSorter.get_ready` " +"的同一次调用中被返回） 并且它们之间的顺序是由插入顺序决定的。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:192 +msgid "If any cycle is detected, :exc:`CycleError` will be raised." +msgstr "如果检测到任何环，则将引发 :exc:`CycleError`。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:198 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:199 +msgid "The :mod:`graphlib` module defines the following exception classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`graphlib` 模块定义了以下异常类:" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`ValueError` raised by :meth:`TopologicalSorter.prepare` if" +" cycles exist in the working graph. If multiple cycles exist, only one " +"undefined choice among them will be reported and included in the exception." +msgstr "" +":exc:`ValueError` 的子类，当特定的图中存在环时将由 :meth:`TopologicalSorter.prepare` 引发。 " +"如果存在多个环，则将只报告其中一个未定义的选项并将其包括在异常中。" + +#: ../../library/graphlib.rst:207 +msgid "" +"The detected cycle can be accessed via the second element in the " +":attr:`~BaseException.args` attribute of the exception instance and consists" +" in a list of nodes, such that each node is, in the graph, an immediate " +"predecessor of the next node in the list. In the reported list, the first " +"and the last node will be the same, to make it clear that it is cyclic." +msgstr "" +"检测到的环可通过异常实例的 :attr:`~BaseException.args` " +"属性的第二个元素访问，它由一个节点列表组成，在图中每个节点都是列表中下一个节点的直接上级节点。 " +"在报告的列表中，开头和末尾的节点将是同一对象，以表明它是一个环。" diff --git a/library/grp.po b/library/grp.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e113707d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/grp.po @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!grp` --- The group database" +msgstr ":mod:`!grp` --- 组数据库" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:10 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on " +"all Unix versions." +msgstr "该模块提供对Unix组数据库的访问。 它在所有Unix版本上都可用。" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:13 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes" +" correspond to the members of the ``group`` structure (Attribute field " +"below, see ````):" +msgstr "组数据库条目被报告为类似元组的对象，其属性对应于 ``group`` 结构的成员 (下面的属性字段，请参见 ````):" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:20 +msgid "Index" +msgstr "索引" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:20 +msgid "Attribute" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:20 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:22 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:22 +msgid "gr_name" +msgstr "gr_name" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:22 +msgid "the name of the group" +msgstr "组名" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:24 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:24 +msgid "gr_passwd" +msgstr "gr_passwd" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:24 +msgid "the (encrypted) group password; often empty" +msgstr "（加密的）组密码； 通常为空" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:27 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:27 +msgid "gr_gid" +msgstr "gr_gid" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:27 +msgid "the numerical group ID" +msgstr "数字组ID" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:29 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:29 +msgid "gr_mem" +msgstr "gr_mem" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:29 +msgid "all the group member's user names" +msgstr "组内所有成员的用户名" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The gid is an integer, name and password are strings, and the member list is" +" a list of strings. (Note that most users are not explicitly listed as " +"members of the group they are in according to the password database. Check " +"both databases to get complete membership information. Also note that a " +"``gr_name`` that starts with a ``+`` or ``-`` is likely to be a YP/NIS " +"reference and may not be accessible via :func:`getgrnam` or " +":func:`getgrgid`.)" +msgstr "" +"gid 是整数，名称和密码是字符串，成员列表是字符串列表。 " +"（注意，大多数用户未根据密码数据库显式列为所属组的成员。请检查两个数据库以获取完整的成员资格信息。还要注意，以 ``+`` 或 ``-`` 开头的 " +"``gr_name`` 可能是 YP/NIS 引用，可能无法通过 :func:`getgrnam` 或 :func:`getgrgid` 访问。）" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:40 +msgid "It defines the following items:" +msgstr "本模块定义如下内容：" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Return the group database entry for the given numeric group ID. " +":exc:`KeyError` is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found." +msgstr "返回给定数字组 ID 的组数据库条目。 如果请求的条目无法找到则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:48 +msgid "" +":exc:`TypeError` is raised for non-integer arguments like floats or strings." +msgstr "对于非整数参数如浮点数或字符串将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Return the group database entry for the given group name. :exc:`KeyError` is" +" raised if the entry asked for cannot be found." +msgstr "返回给定组名的组数据库条目。 如果找不到要求的条目，则会引发 :exc:`KeyError` 错误。" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:59 +msgid "Return a list of all available group entries, in arbitrary order." +msgstr "以任意顺序返回所有可用组条目的列表。" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:64 +msgid "Module :mod:`pwd`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`pwd`" + +#: ../../library/grp.rst:65 +msgid "An interface to the user database, similar to this." +msgstr "用户数据库的接口，与此类似。" diff --git a/library/gzip.po b/library/gzip.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce6270d56 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/gzip.po @@ -0,0 +1,503 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# 1lin24 <1lin24@sina.com>, 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!gzip` --- Support for :program:`gzip` files" +msgstr ":mod:`!gzip` --- 对 :program:`gzip` 文件的支持" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/gzip.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/gzip.py`" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module provides a simple interface to compress and decompress files " +"just like the GNU programs :program:`gzip` and :program:`gunzip` would." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供的简单接口帮助用户压缩和解压缩文件，功能类似于 GNU 应用程序 :program:`gzip` 和 :program:`gunzip`。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:14 +msgid "The data compression is provided by the :mod:`zlib` module." +msgstr "数据压缩由 :mod:`zlib` 模块提供。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`gzip` module provides the :class:`GzipFile` class, as well as the " +":func:`.open`, :func:`compress` and :func:`decompress` convenience " +"functions. The :class:`GzipFile` class reads and writes :program:`gzip`\\ " +"-format files, automatically compressing or decompressing the data so that " +"it looks like an ordinary :term:`file object`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`gzip` 模块提供 :class:`GzipFile` 类和 " +":func:`.open`、:func:`compress`、:func:`decompress` 几个便利的函数。:class:`GzipFile` " +"类可以读写 :program:`gzip` 格式的文件，还能自动压缩和解压缩数据，这让操作压缩文件如同操作普通的 :term:`file object`" +" 一样方便。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Note that additional file formats which can be decompressed by the " +":program:`gzip` and :program:`gunzip` programs, such as those produced by " +":program:`compress` and :program:`pack`, are not supported by this module." +msgstr "" +"注意，此模块不支持部分可以被 :program:`gzip` 和 :program:`gunzip` 解压的格式，如利用 " +":program:`compress` 或 :program:`pack` 压缩所得的文件。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:26 +msgid "The module defines the following items:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下内容：" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Open a gzip-compressed file in binary or text mode, returning a :term:`file " +"object`." +msgstr "以二进制方式或者文本方式打开一个 gzip 格式的压缩文件，返回一个 :term:`file object`。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:34 +msgid "" +"The *filename* argument can be an actual filename (a :class:`str` or " +":class:`bytes` object), or an existing file object to read from or write to." +msgstr "" +"*filename* 参数可以是一个实际的文件名（一个 :class:`str` 对象或者 :class:`bytes` " +"对象），或者是一个用来读写的已存在的文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument can be any of ``'r'``, ``'rb'``, ``'a'``, ``'ab'``, " +"``'w'``, ``'wb'``, ``'x'`` or ``'xb'`` for binary mode, or ``'rt'``, " +"``'at'``, ``'wt'``, or ``'xt'`` for text mode. The default is ``'rb'``." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 参数可以是二进制模式： ``'r'``, ``'rb'``, ``'a'``, ``'ab'``, ``'w'``, ``'wb'``, " +"``'x'`` or ``'xb'`` , 或者是文本模式 ``'rt'``, ``'at'``, ``'wt'``, or ``'xt'``。默认值是" +" ``'rb'``。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:41 +msgid "" +"The *compresslevel* argument is an integer from 0 to 9, as for the " +":class:`GzipFile` constructor." +msgstr " *compresslevel* 参数是一个用于 :class:`GzipFile` 构造器的从 0 到 9 的整数。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:44 +msgid "" +"For binary mode, this function is equivalent to the :class:`GzipFile` " +"constructor: ``GzipFile(filename, mode, compresslevel)``. In this case, the " +"*encoding*, *errors* and *newline* arguments must not be provided." +msgstr "" +"对于二进制模式，这个函数等价于 :class:`GzipFile` 构造器：``GzipFile(filename, mode, " +"compresslevel)``。在这个例子中，*encoding*, *errors* 和 *newline* 三个参数一定不要设置。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:48 +msgid "" +"For text mode, a :class:`GzipFile` object is created, and wrapped in an " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` instance with the specified encoding, error " +"handling behavior, and line ending(s)." +msgstr "" +"对于文本模式，将会创建一个 :class:`GzipFile` 对象，并将它封装到一个 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 实例中， " +"这个实例默认了指定编码，错误抓获行为和行。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Added support for *filename* being a file object, support for text mode, and" +" the *encoding*, *errors* and *newline* arguments." +msgstr "支持 *filename* 为一个文件对象，支持文本模式和 *encoding*, *errors* 和 *newline* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:56 +msgid "Added support for the ``'x'``, ``'xb'`` and ``'xt'`` modes." +msgstr "支持 ``'x'``, ``'xb'`` 和 ``'xt'`` 三种模式。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:59 ../../library/gzip.rst:173 +msgid "Accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:64 +msgid "" +"An exception raised for invalid gzip files. It inherits from " +":exc:`OSError`. :exc:`EOFError` and :exc:`zlib.error` can also be raised for" +" invalid gzip files." +msgstr "" +"针对无效 gzip 文件引发的异常。 它继承自 :exc:`OSError`。 针对无效 gzip 文件也可能引发 :exc:`EOFError` 和 " +":exc:`zlib.error`。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Constructor for the :class:`GzipFile` class, which simulates most of the " +"methods of a :term:`file object`, with the exception of the " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` method. At least one of *fileobj* and " +"*filename* must be given a non-trivial value." +msgstr "" +":class:`GzipFile` 类的构造器，它模拟了 :term:`file object` 的大部分方法，但 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` 方法除外。 *fileobj* 和 *filename* 中至少有一个必须为非空值。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The new class instance is based on *fileobj*, which can be a regular file, " +"an :class:`io.BytesIO` object, or any other object which simulates a file. " +"It defaults to ``None``, in which case *filename* is opened to provide a " +"file object." +msgstr "" +"新的实例基于 *fileobj*，它可以是一个普通文件，一个 :class:`io.BytesIO` 对象，或者任何一个与文件相似的对象。当 " +"*filename* 是一个文件对象时，它的默认值是 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:82 +msgid "" +"When *fileobj* is not ``None``, the *filename* argument is only used to be " +"included in the :program:`gzip` file header, which may include the original " +"filename of the uncompressed file. It defaults to the filename of " +"*fileobj*, if discernible; otherwise, it defaults to the empty string, and " +"in this case the original filename is not included in the header." +msgstr "" +"当 *fileobj* 为 ``None`` 时， *filename* 参数只用于 :program:`gzip` " +"文件头中，这个文件有可能包含未压缩文件的源文件名。如果文件可以被识别，默认 *fileobj* " +"的文件名；否则默认为空字符串，在这种情况下文件头将不包含源文件名。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument can be any of ``'r'``, ``'rb'``, ``'a'``, ``'ab'``, " +"``'w'``, ``'wb'``, ``'x'``, or ``'xb'``, depending on whether the file will " +"be read or written. The default is the mode of *fileobj* if discernible; " +"otherwise, the default is ``'rb'``. In future Python releases the mode of " +"*fileobj* will not be used. It is better to always specify *mode* for " +"writing." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 参数可以是 ``'r'``, ``'rb'``, ``'a'``, ``'ab'``, ``'w'``, ``'wb'``, " +"``'x'`` 或 ``'xb'`` 中的一个，具体取决于文件将被读取还是被写入。 如果可识别则默认为 *fileobj* 的模式；否则默认为 " +"``'rb'``。 在未来的 Python 发布版中将不再使用 *fileobj* 的模式。 最好总是指定 *mode* 为写入模式。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Note that the file is always opened in binary mode. To open a compressed " +"file in text mode, use :func:`.open` (or wrap your :class:`GzipFile` with an" +" :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`)." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是，文件默认使用二进制模式打开。 如果要以文本模式打开一个压缩文件，请使用 :func:`.open` 方法 (或者使用 " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 包装 :class:`GzipFile`)。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:98 +msgid "" +"The *compresslevel* argument is an integer from ``0`` to ``9`` controlling " +"the level of compression; ``1`` is fastest and produces the least " +"compression, and ``9`` is slowest and produces the most compression. ``0`` " +"is no compression. The default is ``9``." +msgstr "" +"*compresslevel* 参数是一个从 ``0`` 到 ``9`` 的整数，用于控制压缩等级；``1`` 最快但压缩比例最小，``9`` " +"最慢但压缩比例最大。 ``0`` 不压缩。默认为 ``9``。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:103 +msgid "" +"The optional *mtime* argument is the timestamp requested by gzip. The time " +"is in Unix format, i.e., seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970. If " +"*mtime* is omitted or ``None``, the current time is used. Use *mtime* = 0 to" +" generate a compressed stream that does not depend on creation time." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *mtime* 参数是 gzip 所请求的时间戳。 该时间为 Unix 格式，即距离 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 的秒数。 " +"如果 *mtime* 被省略或为 ``None``，则会使用当前时间。 使用 *mtime* = 0 可生成不依赖于创建时间的压缩流。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:108 +msgid "" +"See below for the :attr:`mtime` attribute that is set when decompressing." +msgstr "有关在解压缩时设置的 :attr:`mtime` 属性见下文。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Calling a :class:`GzipFile` object's :meth:`!close` method does not close " +"*fileobj*, since you might wish to append more material after the compressed" +" data. This also allows you to pass an :class:`io.BytesIO` object opened " +"for writing as *fileobj*, and retrieve the resulting memory buffer using the" +" :class:`io.BytesIO` object's :meth:`~io.BytesIO.getvalue` method." +msgstr "" +"调用 :class:`GzipFile` 对象的 :meth:`!close` 方法不会关闭 " +"*fileobj*，因为你可能希望增加其它内容到已经缩的数据中。 你还可以传入一个 :class:`io.BytesIO` 对象作为 *fileobj*" +" 打开，并使用 :class:`io.BytesIO` 对象的 :meth:`~io.BytesIO.getvalue` " +"方法提取所得到的内存缓冲区数据。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:116 +msgid "" +":class:`GzipFile` supports the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` interface, " +"including iteration and the :keyword:`with` statement. Only the " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` method isn't implemented." +msgstr "" +":class:`GzipFile` 支持 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 接口，包括迭代和 :keyword:`with` 语句。" +" 只有 :meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` 方法未被实现。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:120 +msgid ":class:`GzipFile` also provides the following method and attribute:" +msgstr ":class:`GzipFile` 还提供了以下的方法和属性:" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Read *n* uncompressed bytes without advancing the file position. The number " +"of bytes returned may be more or less than requested." +msgstr "读取 *n* 个未压缩字节而不前移文件指针位置。 所返回的字节数有可能多于或少于所请求的。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:127 +msgid "" +"While calling :meth:`peek` does not change the file position of the " +":class:`GzipFile`, it may change the position of the underlying file object " +"(e.g. if the :class:`GzipFile` was constructed with the *fileobj* " +"parameter)." +msgstr "" +"调用 :meth:`peek` 并没有改变 :class:`GzipFile` 的文件指针，它可能改变潜在文件对象(例如： " +":class:`GzipFile` 使用 *fileobj* 参数进行初始化)。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:136 +msgid "``'rb'`` for reading and ``'wb'`` for writing." +msgstr "``'rb'`` 表示可读而 ``'wb'`` 表示可写。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:138 +msgid "In previous versions it was an integer ``1`` or ``2``." +msgstr "在之前版本中该值为整数 ``1`` 或 ``2``。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:143 +msgid "" +"When decompressing, this attribute is set to the last timestamp in the most " +"recently read header. It is an integer, holding the number of seconds since" +" the Unix epoch (00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970). The initial value before " +"reading any headers is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"当解压缩时，该属性将被设为最近读取标头的末尾时间戳。 它是一个整数，保存从 Unix 纪元 (1970 -01-01 00:00:00 UTC) " +"开始的秒数。 在读取任何标头之前的初始值为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:150 +msgid "" +"The path to the gzip file on disk, as a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. " +"Equivalent to the output of :func:`os.fspath` on the original input path, " +"with no other normalization, resolution or expansion." +msgstr "" +"指向磁盘上 gzip 文件的路径，为 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象。 等价于原始输入路径上 " +":func:`os.fspath` 的输出，不带其他标准化、解析或扩展。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added, along with the *mtime* " +"constructor argument and :attr:`mtime` attribute." +msgstr "支持 :keyword:`with` 语句，构造器参数 *mtime* 和 :attr:`mtime` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:158 +msgid "Support for zero-padded and unseekable files was added." +msgstr "添加了对零填充和不可搜索文件的支持。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:161 +msgid "The :meth:`io.BufferedIOBase.read1` method is now implemented." +msgstr "实现 :meth:`io.BufferedIOBase.read1` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:164 +msgid "Added support for the ``'x'`` and ``'xb'`` modes." +msgstr "支持 ``'x'`` and ``'xb'`` 两种模式。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Added support for writing arbitrary :term:`bytes-like objects `. The :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read` method now accepts an argument" +" of ``None``." +msgstr "" +"支持写入任意 :term:`bytes-like objects `。:meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read` 方法可以接受 ``None`` 为参数。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Opening :class:`GzipFile` for writing without specifying the *mode* argument" +" is deprecated." +msgstr "打开 :class:`GzipFile` 用于写入而不指定 *mode* 参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``filename`` attribute, use the :attr:`~GzipFile.name` attribute " +"instead." +msgstr "移除 ``filename`` 属性，改用 :attr:`~GzipFile.name` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Compress the *data*, returning a :class:`bytes` object containing the " +"compressed data. *compresslevel* and *mtime* have the same meaning as in " +"the :class:`GzipFile` constructor above." +msgstr "" +"压缩 *data*，返回一个包含压缩数据的 :class:`bytes` 对象。 *compresslevel* 和 *mtime* 的含义与上文中 " +":class:`GzipFile` 构造器的相同。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:192 +msgid "Added the *mtime* parameter for reproducible output." +msgstr "添加了 *mtime* 形参用于可重复的输出。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Speed is improved by compressing all data at once instead of in a streamed " +"fashion. Calls with *mtime* set to ``0`` are delegated to " +":func:`zlib.compress` for better speed. In this situation the output may " +"contain a gzip header \"OS\" byte value other than 255 \"unknown\" as " +"supplied by the underlying zlib implementation." +msgstr "" +"速度的提升是通过一次性压缩所有数据代替流的方式来达成的。 将 *mtime* 设为 ``0`` 的调用被委托给 " +":func:`zlib.compress` 以加快速度。 在此情况下输出可能包含一个 gzip 标头 \"OS\" 字节值而不是下层 zlib " +"实现所提供的 255 \"unknown\"。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:201 +msgid "" +"The gzip header OS byte is guaranteed to be set to 255 when this function is" +" used as was the case in 3.10 and earlier." +msgstr "当使用此函数时 gzip 标头 OS 字节会保证如在 3.10 和更早版本中一样被设为 255。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Decompress the *data*, returning a :class:`bytes` object containing the " +"uncompressed data. This function is capable of decompressing multi-member " +"gzip data (multiple gzip blocks concatenated together). When the data is " +"certain to contain only one member the :func:`zlib.decompress` function with" +" *wbits* set to 31 is faster." +msgstr "" +"解压缩 *data*，返回一个包含已解压数据的 :class:`bytes` 对象。 此函数可以解压缩多成员的 gzip 数据（即多个 gzip " +"块拼接在一起）。 当数据确定只包含一个成员时则 *wbits* 设为 31 的 :func:`zlib.decompress` 函数更快一些。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Speed is improved by decompressing members at once in memory instead of in a" +" streamed fashion." +msgstr "通过一次性解压缩全部数据而不是通过流方式提高了速度。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:221 +msgid "Examples of usage" +msgstr "用法示例" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:223 +msgid "Example of how to read a compressed file::" +msgstr "读取压缩文件示例：" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:225 +msgid "" +"import gzip\n" +"with gzip.open('/home/joe/file.txt.gz', 'rb') as f:\n" +" file_content = f.read()" +msgstr "" +"import gzip\n" +"with gzip.open('/home/joe/file.txt.gz', 'rb') as f:\n" +" file_content = f.read()" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:229 +msgid "Example of how to create a compressed GZIP file::" +msgstr "创建GZIP 文件示例：" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:231 +msgid "" +"import gzip\n" +"content = b\"Lots of content here\"\n" +"with gzip.open('/home/joe/file.txt.gz', 'wb') as f:\n" +" f.write(content)" +msgstr "" +"import gzip\n" +"content = b\"Lots of content here\"\n" +"with gzip.open('/home/joe/file.txt.gz', 'wb') as f:\n" +" f.write(content)" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:236 +msgid "Example of how to GZIP compress an existing file::" +msgstr "使用 GZIP 压缩已有的文件示例：" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:238 +msgid "" +"import gzip\n" +"import shutil\n" +"with open('/home/joe/file.txt', 'rb') as f_in:\n" +" with gzip.open('/home/joe/file.txt.gz', 'wb') as f_out:\n" +" shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)" +msgstr "" +"import gzip\n" +"import shutil\n" +"with open('/home/joe/file.txt', 'rb') as f_in:\n" +" with gzip.open('/home/joe/file.txt.gz', 'wb') as f_out:\n" +" shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:244 +msgid "Example of how to GZIP compress a binary string::" +msgstr "使用 GZIP 压缩二进制字符串示例：" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:246 +msgid "" +"import gzip\n" +"s_in = b\"Lots of content here\"\n" +"s_out = gzip.compress(s_in)" +msgstr "" +"import gzip\n" +"s_in = b\"Lots of content here\"\n" +"s_out = gzip.compress(s_in)" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:252 +msgid "Module :mod:`zlib`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`zlib`" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The basic data compression module needed to support the :program:`gzip` file" +" format." +msgstr "支持 :program:`gzip` 格式所需要的基本压缩模块。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:256 +msgid "" +"In case gzip (de)compression is a bottleneck, the `python-isal`_ package " +"speeds up (de)compression with a mostly compatible API." +msgstr "对于 gzip (解)压缩成为瓶颈的情况，`python-isal`_ 软件包会使用最兼容的 API 来加快 (解)压缩的速度。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:266 +msgid "Command Line Interface" +msgstr "命令行界面" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:268 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`gzip` module provides a simple command line interface to compress " +"or decompress files." +msgstr ":mod:`gzip` 模块提供了简单的命令行界面用于压缩和解压缩文件。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:271 +msgid "Once executed the :mod:`gzip` module keeps the input file(s)." +msgstr "在执行后 :mod:`gzip` 模块会保留输入文件。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Add a new command line interface with a usage. By default, when you will " +"execute the CLI, the default compression level is 6." +msgstr "添加一个带有用法说明的新命令行界面命令。 默认情况下，当你要执行 CLI 时，默认压缩等级为 6。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:279 +msgid "Command line options" +msgstr "命令行选项" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:283 +msgid "If *file* is not specified, read from :data:`sys.stdin`." +msgstr "如果未指定 *file*，则从 :data:`sys.stdin` 读取。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:287 +msgid "Indicates the fastest compression method (less compression)." +msgstr "指明最快速的压缩方法（较低压缩率）。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:291 +msgid "Indicates the slowest compression method (best compression)." +msgstr "指明最慢速的压缩方法（最高压缩率）。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:295 +msgid "Decompress the given file." +msgstr "解压缩给定的文件。" + +#: ../../library/gzip.rst:299 +msgid "Show the help message." +msgstr "显示帮助消息。" diff --git a/library/hashlib.po b/library/hashlib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36fe3f375 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/hashlib.po @@ -0,0 +1,1258 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# lishoujun , 2021 +# Konge , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# st z , 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!hashlib` --- Secure hashes and message digests" +msgstr ":mod:`!hashlib` --- 安全哈希与消息摘要" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/hashlib.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/hashlib.py`" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:23 +msgid "" +"This module implements a common interface to many different hash algorithms." +" Included are the FIPS secure hash algorithms SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, " +"SHA512, (defined in `the FIPS 180-4 standard`_), the SHA-3 series (defined " +"in `the FIPS 202 standard`_) as well as the legacy algorithms SHA1 " +"(`formerly part of FIPS`_) and the MD5 algorithm (defined in internet " +":rfc:`1321`)." +msgstr "" +"本模块实现了一个针对不同哈希算法的通用接口。 包括了 FIPS 安全哈希算法 SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, (定义见 " +"`the FIPS 180-4 standard`_), SHA-3 系列 (定义见 `the FIPS 202 standard`_) 以及旧式算法 " +"SHA1 (`formerly part of FIPS`_) 和 MD5 算法 (定义见 internet :rfc:`1321`)。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:31 +msgid "" +"If you want the adler32 or crc32 hash functions, they are available in the " +":mod:`zlib` module." +msgstr "如果你想找到 adler32 或 crc32 哈希函数，它们在 :mod:`zlib` 模块中。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:38 +msgid "Hash algorithms" +msgstr "哈希算法" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:40 +msgid "" +"There is one constructor method named for each type of :dfn:`hash`. All " +"return a hash object with the same simple interface. For example: use " +":func:`sha256` to create a SHA-256 hash object. You can now feed this object" +" with :term:`bytes-like objects ` (normally " +":class:`bytes`) using the :meth:`update` method. At any point " +"you can ask it for the :dfn:`digest` of the concatenation of the data fed to" +" it so far using the :meth:`digest()` or " +":meth:`hexdigest()` methods." +msgstr "" +"每种类型的 :dfn:`hash` 都有一个构造器方法。 它们都返回一个具有相同简单接口的哈希对象。 例如，使用 :func:`sha256` 创建一个" +" SHA-256 哈希对象。 你可以使用 :meth:`update` 方法向这个对象输入 :term:`字节类对象 " +"` (通常是 :class:`bytes`)。 在任何时候你都可以使用 " +":meth:`digest()` 或 :meth:`hexdigest()` " +"方法获得到目前为止输入这个对象的拼接数据的 :dfn:`digest`。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:48 +msgid "" +"To allow multithreading, the Python :term:`GIL` is released while computing " +"a hash supplied more than 2047 bytes of data at once in its constructor or " +":meth:`.update` method." +msgstr "" +"为了允许多线程，当在其构造器或 :meth:`.update` 方法中计算一次性提供超过 2047 字节数据的哈希时将会释放 " +"Python :term:`GIL`。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Constructors for hash algorithms that are always present in this module are " +":func:`sha1`, :func:`sha224`, :func:`sha256`, :func:`sha384`, " +":func:`sha512`, :func:`sha3_224`, :func:`sha3_256`, :func:`sha3_384`, " +":func:`sha3_512`, :func:`shake_128`, :func:`shake_256`, :func:`blake2b`, and" +" :func:`blake2s`. :func:`md5` is normally available as well, though it may " +"be missing or blocked if you are using a rare \"FIPS compliant\" build of " +"Python. These correspond to :data:`algorithms_guaranteed`." +msgstr "" +"本模块中总是存在的哈希算法构造器有 :func:`sha1`, :func:`sha224`, :func:`sha256`, " +":func:`sha384`, :func:`sha512`, :func:`sha3_224`, :func:`sha3_256`, " +":func:`sha3_384`, :func:`sha3_512`, :func:`shake_128`, :func:`shake_256`, " +":func:`blake2b` 和 :func:`blake2s`。 :func:`md5` 通常也是可用的，但在你使用稀有的 \"FIPS 兼容\" " +"Python 编译版时它可能会缺失或被屏蔽。 这些构造器对应于 :data:`algorithms_guaranteed`。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Additional algorithms may also be available if your Python distribution's " +":mod:`hashlib` was linked against a build of OpenSSL that provides others. " +"Others *are not guaranteed available* on all installations and will only be " +"accessible by name via :func:`new`. See :data:`algorithms_available`." +msgstr "" +"如果你的 Python 分发版的 :mod:`hashlib` 是基于提供了其他算法的 OpenSSL 编译版上链接的那么还可能存在一些附加的算法。 " +"其他算法在所有安装版上 *不保证全都可用* 并且仅可通过 :func:`new` 使用名称来访问。 参见 " +":data:`algorithms_available`。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Some algorithms have known hash collision weaknesses (including MD5 and " +"SHA1). Refer to `Attacks on cryptographic hash algorithms`_ and the " +"`hashlib-seealso`_ section at the end of this document." +msgstr "" +"一些算法具有已知的碰撞弱点（包括 MD5 和 SHA1）。 请参阅本文档末尾的 `Attacks on cryptographic hash " +"algorithms`_ 和 `hashlib-seealso`_ 小节。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:74 +msgid "" +"SHA3 (Keccak) and SHAKE constructors :func:`sha3_224`, :func:`sha3_256`, " +":func:`sha3_384`, :func:`sha3_512`, :func:`shake_128`, :func:`shake_256` " +"were added. :func:`blake2b` and :func:`blake2s` were added." +msgstr "" +"增加了 SHA3 (Keccak) 和 SHAKE 构造器 :func:`sha3_224`, :func:`sha3_256`, " +":func:`sha3_384`, :func:`sha3_512`, :func:`shake_128`, :func:`shake_256`。 " +"并增加了 :func:`blake2b` 和 :func:`blake2s`。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:82 +msgid "" +"All hashlib constructors take a keyword-only argument *usedforsecurity* with" +" default value ``True``. A false value allows the use of insecure and " +"blocked hashing algorithms in restricted environments. ``False`` indicates " +"that the hashing algorithm is not used in a security context, e.g. as a non-" +"cryptographic one-way compression function." +msgstr "" +"所有 hashlib 的构造器都接受仅限关键字参数 *usedforsecurity* 且其默认值为 ``True``。 " +"设为假值即允许在受限的环境中使用不安全且阻塞的哈希算法。 ``False`` 表示此哈希算法不可用于安全场景，例如用作非加密的单向压缩函数。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:89 +msgid "Hashlib now uses SHA3 and SHAKE from OpenSSL if it provides it." +msgstr "现在 hashlib 会在 OpenSSL 有提供的情况下使用 SHA3 和 SHAKE。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:92 +msgid "" +"For any of the MD5, SHA1, SHA2, or SHA3 algorithms that the linked OpenSSL " +"does not provide we fall back to a verified implementation from the `HACL\\*" +" project`_." +msgstr "" +"在所链接的 OpenSSL 未提供 MD5, SHA1, SHA2 或 SHA3 算法的情况下我们将回退至来自 `HACL\\* project`_ " +"的已验证的实现。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:98 +msgid "Usage" +msgstr "用法" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:100 +msgid "" +"To obtain the digest of the byte string ``b\"Nobody inspects the spammish " +"repetition\"``::" +msgstr "要获取字节串 ``b\"Nobody inspects the spammish repetition\"`` 的摘要::" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:103 +msgid "" +">>> import hashlib\n" +">>> m = hashlib.sha256()\n" +">>> m.update(b\"Nobody inspects\")\n" +">>> m.update(b\" the spammish repetition\")\n" +">>> m.digest()\n" +"b'\\x03\\x1e\\xdd}Ae\\x15\\x93\\xc5\\xfe\\\\\\x00o\\xa5u+7\\xfd\\xdf\\xf7\\xbcN\\x84:\\xa6\\xaf\\x0c\\x95\\x0fK\\x94\\x06'\n" +">>> m.hexdigest()\n" +"'031edd7d41651593c5fe5c006fa5752b37fddff7bc4e843aa6af0c950f4b9406'" +msgstr "" +">>> import hashlib\n" +">>> m = hashlib.sha256()\n" +">>> m.update(b\"Nobody inspects\")\n" +">>> m.update(b\" the spammish repetition\")\n" +">>> m.digest()\n" +"b'\\x03\\x1e\\xdd}Ae\\x15\\x93\\xc5\\xfe\\\\\\x00o\\xa5u+7\\xfd\\xdf\\xf7\\xbcN\\x84:\\xa6\\xaf\\x0c\\x95\\x0fK\\x94\\x06'\n" +">>> m.hexdigest()\n" +"'031edd7d41651593c5fe5c006fa5752b37fddff7bc4e843aa6af0c950f4b9406'" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:112 +msgid "More condensed:" +msgstr "更简要的写法：" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:118 +msgid "Constructors" +msgstr "构造器" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Is a generic constructor that takes the string *name* of the desired " +"algorithm as its first parameter. It also exists to allow access to the " +"above listed hashes as well as any other algorithms that your OpenSSL " +"library may offer." +msgstr "" +"接受想要的算法对应的字符串 *name* 作为其第一个形参的泛型构造器。 它还允许访问上面列出的哈希算法以及你的 OpenSSL " +"库可能提供的任何其他算法。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:127 +msgid "Using :func:`new` with an algorithm name:" +msgstr "使用 :func:`new` 并附带一个算法名称:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Named constructors such as these are faster than passing an algorithm name " +"to :func:`new`." +msgstr "这些带命名的构造器速度相比向 :func:`new` 传入算法名称更快。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:150 +msgid "Attributes" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:152 +msgid "Hashlib provides the following constant module attributes:" +msgstr "在 hashlib 中提供了下列常量模块属性:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:156 +msgid "" +"A set containing the names of the hash algorithms guaranteed to be supported" +" by this module on all platforms. Note that 'md5' is in this list despite " +"some upstream vendors offering an odd \"FIPS compliant\" Python build that " +"excludes it." +msgstr "" +"一个集合，其中包含此模块在所有平台上都保证支持的哈希算法的名称。 请注意 'md5' 也在此清单中，虽然某些上游厂商提供了一个怪异的排除了此算法的 " +"\"FIPS 兼容\" Python 编译版本。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:165 +msgid "" +"A set containing the names of the hash algorithms that are available in the " +"running Python interpreter. These names will be recognized when passed to " +":func:`new`. :attr:`algorithms_guaranteed` will always be a subset. The " +"same algorithm may appear multiple times in this set under different names " +"(thanks to OpenSSL)." +msgstr "" +"一个集合，其中包含在所运行的 Python 解释器上可用的哈希算法的名称。 将这些名称传给 :func:`new` 时将可被识别。 " +":attr:`algorithms_guaranteed` 将总是它的一个子集。 同样的算法在此集合中可能以不同的名称出现多次（这是 OpenSSL " +"的原因）。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:174 +msgid "Hash Objects" +msgstr "哈希对象" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:176 +msgid "" +"The following values are provided as constant attributes of the hash objects" +" returned by the constructors:" +msgstr "下列值会以构造器所返回的哈希对象的常量属性的形式被提供:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:181 +msgid "The size of the resulting hash in bytes." +msgstr "以字节表示的结果哈希对象的大小。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:185 +msgid "The internal block size of the hash algorithm in bytes." +msgstr "以字节表示的哈希算法的内部块大小。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:187 +msgid "A hash object has the following attributes:" +msgstr "hash 对象具有以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:191 +msgid "" +"The canonical name of this hash, always lowercase and always suitable as a " +"parameter to :func:`new` to create another hash of this type." +msgstr "此哈希对象的规范名称，总是为小写形式并且总是可以作为 :func:`new` 的形参用来创建另一个此类型的哈希对象。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The name attribute has been present in CPython since its inception, but " +"until Python 3.4 was not formally specified, so may not exist on some " +"platforms." +msgstr "该属性名称自被引入起即存在于 CPython 中，但在 Python 3.4 之前并未正式指明，因此可能不存在于某些平台上。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:199 +msgid "A hash object has the following methods:" +msgstr "哈希对象具有下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Update the hash object with the :term:`bytes-like object`. Repeated calls " +"are equivalent to a single call with the concatenation of all the arguments:" +" ``m.update(a); m.update(b)`` is equivalent to ``m.update(a+b)``." +msgstr "" +"用 :term:`bytes-like object` 来更新哈希对象。 重复调用相当于单次调用并传入所有参数的拼接结果: ``m.update(a);" +" m.update(b)`` 等价于 ``m.update(a+b)``。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Return the digest of the data passed to the :meth:`update` method so far. " +"This is a bytes object of size :attr:`digest_size` which may contain bytes " +"in the whole range from 0 to 255." +msgstr "" +"返回当前已传给 :meth:`update` 方法的数据摘要。 这是一个大小为 :attr:`digest_size` 的字节串对象，字节串中可包含 0" +" 至 255 的完整取值范围。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`digest` except the digest is returned as a string object of " +"double length, containing only hexadecimal digits. This may be used to " +"exchange the value safely in email or other non-binary environments." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`digest` 但摘要会以两倍长度字符串对象的形式返回，其中仅包含十六进制数码。 " +"这可以被用于在电子邮件或其他非二进制环境中安全地交换数据值。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Return a copy (\"clone\") of the hash object. This can be used to " +"efficiently compute the digests of data sharing a common initial substring." +msgstr "返回哈希对象的副本（“克隆”）。 这可被用来高效地计算共享相同初始子串的数据的摘要。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:231 +msgid "SHAKE variable length digests" +msgstr "SHAKE 可变长度摘要" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:236 +msgid "" +"The :func:`shake_128` and :func:`shake_256` algorithms provide variable " +"length digests with length_in_bits//2 up to 128 or 256 bits of security. As " +"such, their digest methods require a length. Maximum length is not limited " +"by the SHAKE algorithm." +msgstr "" +":func:`shake_128` 和 :func:`shake_256` 算法提供安全的 length_in_bits//2 至 128 或 256 " +"位可变长度摘要。 为此，它们的摘要需指定一个长度。 SHAKE 算法不限制最大长度。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Return the digest of the data passed to the :meth:`~hash.update` method so " +"far. This is a bytes object of size *length* which may contain bytes in the " +"whole range from 0 to 255." +msgstr "" +"返回当前已传给 :meth:`~hash.update` 方法的数据摘要。 这是一个大小为 *length* 的字节串对象，其中可包含 0 至 255 " +"完整范围内的字节值。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`digest` except the digest is returned as a string object of " +"double length, containing only hexadecimal digits. This may be used to " +"exchange the value in email or other non-binary environments." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`digest` 但摘要会以两倍长度字符串对象的形式返回，其中仅包含十六进制数码。 " +"这可以被用于在电子邮件或其他非二进制环境中安全地交换数据值。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:254 +msgid "Example use:" +msgstr "用法示例:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:261 +msgid "File hashing" +msgstr "文件哈希" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The hashlib module provides a helper function for efficient hashing of a " +"file or file-like object." +msgstr "hashlib 模块提供了一个辅助函数用于文件或文件型对象的高效哈希操作。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Return a digest object that has been updated with contents of file object." +msgstr "返回一个根据文件对象进行更新的摘要对象。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:270 +msgid "" +"*fileobj* must be a file-like object opened for reading in binary mode. It " +"accepts file objects from builtin :func:`open`, :class:`~io.BytesIO` " +"instances, SocketIO objects from :meth:`socket.socket.makefile`, and " +"similar. *fileobj* must be opened in blocking mode, otherwise a " +":exc:`BlockingIOError` may be raised." +msgstr "" +"*fileobj* 必须是一个以二进制模式打开用于读取的文件型对象。 它接受来自内置 :func:`open`, " +":class:`~io.BytesIO` 实例, :meth:`socket.socket.makefile` 创建的 SocketIO " +"及其他类似的文件对象。 *fileobj* 必须以阻塞模式打开，否则可能引发 :exc:`BlockingIOError`。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:276 +msgid "" +"The function may bypass Python's I/O and use the file descriptor from " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` directly. *fileobj* must be assumed to be in an " +"unknown state after this function returns or raises. It is up to the caller " +"to close *fileobj*." +msgstr "" +"此函数可能会绕过 Python 的 I/O 并直接使用来自 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 的文件描述符。 *fileobj* " +"在此函数返回或引发异常之后必须被假定为已处于未知状态。 应当由调用方来负责关闭 *fileobj*。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:281 +msgid "" +"*digest* must either be a hash algorithm name as a *str*, a hash " +"constructor, or a callable that returns a hash object." +msgstr "*digest* 必须是一个 *str* 形式的哈希算法名称、哈希构造器或返回哈希对象的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:284 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Now raises a :exc:`BlockingIOError` if the file is opened in blocking mode. " +"Previously, spurious null bytes were added to the digest." +msgstr "现在如果文件是以阻塞模式打开则会引发 :exc:`BlockingIOError`。 在之前版本中，会向摘要添加伪装的空字节。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:311 +msgid "Key derivation" +msgstr "密钥派生" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:313 +msgid "" +"Key derivation and key stretching algorithms are designed for secure " +"password hashing. Naive algorithms such as ``sha1(password)`` are not " +"resistant against brute-force attacks. A good password hashing function must" +" be tunable, slow, and include a `salt " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"密钥派生和密钥延展算法被设计用于安全密码哈希。 ``sha1(password)`` 这样的简单算法无法防御暴力攻击。 " +"好的密码哈希函数必须可以微调、放慢步调，并且包含 `加盐 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The function provides PKCS#5 password-based key derivation function 2. It " +"uses HMAC as pseudorandom function." +msgstr "此函数提供 PKCS#5 基于密码的密钥派生函数 2。 它使用 HMAC 作为伪随机函数。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:324 +msgid "" +"The string *hash_name* is the desired name of the hash digest algorithm for " +"HMAC, e.g. 'sha1' or 'sha256'. *password* and *salt* are interpreted as " +"buffers of bytes. Applications and libraries should limit *password* to a " +"sensible length (e.g. 1024). *salt* should be about 16 or more bytes from a " +"proper source, e.g. :func:`os.urandom`." +msgstr "" +"字符串 *hash_name* 是要求用于 HMAC 的哈希摘要算法的名称，例如 'sha1' 或 'sha256'。 *password* 和 " +"*salt* 会以字节串缓冲区的形式被解析。 应用和库应当将 *password* 限制在合理长度 (例如 1024)。 *salt* " +"应当为适当来源例如 :func:`os.urandom` 的大约 16 个或更多的字节串数据。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The number of *iterations* should be chosen based on the hash algorithm and " +"computing power. As of 2022, hundreds of thousands of iterations of SHA-256 " +"are suggested. For rationale as to why and how to choose what is best for " +"your application, read *Appendix A.2.2* of NIST-SP-800-132_. The answers on " +"the `stackexchange pbkdf2 iterations question`_ explain in detail." +msgstr "" +"*iterations* 的数值应当基于哈希算法和机器算力来选择。 在 2022 年，建议选择进行数万次的 SHA-256 迭代。 " +"对于为何以及如何选择最适合你的应用程序的迭代次数的理由，请参阅 NIST-SP-800-132_ 的 *Appendix A.2.2*。 其中 " +"`stackexchange pbkdf2 迭代问题`_ 的解答提供的详细的说明。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:336 +msgid "" +"*dklen* is the length of the derived key in bytes. If *dklen* is ``None`` " +"then the digest size of the hash algorithm *hash_name* is used, e.g. 64 for " +"SHA-512." +msgstr "" +"*dklen* 是以字节数表示的派生密钥长度。 如果 *dklen* 为 ``None`` 则会使用哈希算法 *hash_name* 的摘要长度，例如对" +" SHA-512 来说是 64。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:345 +msgid "Function only available when Python is compiled with OpenSSL." +msgstr "此函数只有在 Python 附带 OpenSSL 编译时才可用。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Function now only available when Python is built with OpenSSL. The slow pure" +" Python implementation has been removed." +msgstr "现在此函数只有在 Python 附带 OpenSSL 构建时才可用。 慢速的纯 Python 实现已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:355 +msgid "" +"The function provides scrypt password-based key derivation function as " +"defined in :rfc:`7914`." +msgstr "此函数提供基于密码加密的密钥派生函数，其定义参见 :rfc:`7914`。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:358 +msgid "" +"*password* and *salt* must be :term:`bytes-like objects `. Applications and libraries should limit *password* to a sensible " +"length (e.g. 1024). *salt* should be about 16 or more bytes from a proper " +"source, e.g. :func:`os.urandom`." +msgstr "" +"*password* 和 *salt* 必须为 :term:`字节类对象 `。 应用和库应当将 " +"*password* 限制在合理长度 (例如 1024)。 *salt* 应当为适当来源例如 :func:`os.urandom` 的大约 16 " +"个或更多的字节串数据。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:363 +msgid "" +"*n* is the CPU/Memory cost factor, *r* the block size, *p* parallelization " +"factor and *maxmem* limits memory (OpenSSL 1.1.0 defaults to 32 MiB). " +"*dklen* is the length of the derived key in bytes." +msgstr "" +"*n* 是 CPU/内存开销因子，*r* 是块大小，*p* 是并行化因子而 *maxmem* 是内存上限（OpenSSL 1.1.0 默认为 32 " +"MiB）。 *dklen* 是以字节数表示的派生密钥长度。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:373 +msgid "BLAKE2" +msgstr "BLAKE2" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:380 +msgid "" +"BLAKE2_ is a cryptographic hash function defined in :rfc:`7693` that comes " +"in two flavors:" +msgstr "BLAKE2_ 是在 :rfc:`7693` 中定义的加密哈希函数，它有两种形式:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:383 +msgid "" +"**BLAKE2b**, optimized for 64-bit platforms and produces digests of any size" +" between 1 and 64 bytes," +msgstr "**BLAKE2b**，针对 64 位平台进行优化，并会生成长度介于 1 和 64 字节之间任意大小的摘要。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:386 +msgid "" +"**BLAKE2s**, optimized for 8- to 32-bit platforms and produces digests of " +"any size between 1 and 32 bytes." +msgstr "**BLAKE2s**，针对 8 至 32 位平台进行优化，并会生成长度介于 1 和 32 字节之间任意大小的摘要。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:389 +msgid "" +"BLAKE2 supports **keyed mode** (a faster and simpler replacement for HMAC_)," +" **salted hashing**, **personalization**, and **tree hashing**." +msgstr "" +"BLAKE2 支持 **keyed mode** (HMAC_ 的更快速更简单的替代), **salted hashing**, " +"**personalization** 和 **tree hashing**." + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Hash objects from this module follow the API of standard library's " +":mod:`hashlib` objects." +msgstr "此模块的哈希对象遵循标准库 :mod:`hashlib` 对象的 API。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:397 +msgid "Creating hash objects" +msgstr "创建哈希对象" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:399 +msgid "New hash objects are created by calling constructor functions:" +msgstr "新哈希对象可通过调用构造器函数来创建:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:413 +msgid "" +"These functions return the corresponding hash objects for calculating " +"BLAKE2b or BLAKE2s. They optionally take these general parameters:" +msgstr "这些函数返回用于计算 BLAKE2b 或 BLAKE2s 的相应的哈希对象。 它们接受下列可选通用形参:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:416 +msgid "" +"*data*: initial chunk of data to hash, which must be :term:`bytes-like " +"object`. It can be passed only as positional argument." +msgstr "*data*: 要哈希的初始数据块，它必须为 :term:`bytes-like object`。 它只能作为位置参数传入。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:419 +msgid "*digest_size*: size of output digest in bytes." +msgstr "*digest_size*: 以字节数表示的输出摘要大小。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:421 +msgid "" +"*key*: key for keyed hashing (up to 64 bytes for BLAKE2b, up to 32 bytes for" +" BLAKE2s)." +msgstr "*key*: 用于密钥哈希的密钥（对于 BLAKE2b 最长 64 字节，对于 BLAKE2s 最长 32 字节）。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:424 +msgid "" +"*salt*: salt for randomized hashing (up to 16 bytes for BLAKE2b, up to 8 " +"bytes for BLAKE2s)." +msgstr "*salt*: 用于随机哈希的盐值（对于 BLAKE2b 最长 16 字节，对于 BLAKE2s 最长 8 字节）。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:427 +msgid "" +"*person*: personalization string (up to 16 bytes for BLAKE2b, up to 8 bytes " +"for BLAKE2s)." +msgstr "*person*: 个性化字符串（对于 BLAKE2b 最长 16 字节，对于 BLAKE2s 最长 8 字节）。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:430 +msgid "The following table shows limits for general parameters (in bytes):" +msgstr "下表显示了常规参数的限制（以字节为单位）：" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:433 +msgid "Hash" +msgstr "Hash" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:433 +msgid "digest_size" +msgstr "目标长度" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:433 +msgid "len(key)" +msgstr "长度（键）" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:433 +msgid "len(salt)" +msgstr "长度（盐）" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:433 +msgid "len(person)" +msgstr "长度（个人）" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:435 +msgid "BLAKE2b" +msgstr "BLAKE2b" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:435 +msgid "64" +msgstr "64" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:435 +msgid "16" +msgstr "16" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:436 +msgid "BLAKE2s" +msgstr "BLAKE2s" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:436 +msgid "32" +msgstr "32" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:436 +msgid "8" +msgstr "8" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:441 +msgid "" +"BLAKE2 specification defines constant lengths for salt and personalization " +"parameters, however, for convenience, this implementation accepts byte " +"strings of any size up to the specified length. If the length of the " +"parameter is less than specified, it is padded with zeros, thus, for " +"example, ``b'salt'`` and ``b'salt\\x00'`` is the same value. (This is not " +"the case for *key*.)" +msgstr "" +"BLAKE2 规格描述为盐值和个性化形参定义了固定的长度，但是为了方便起见，此实现接受指定在长度以内的任意大小的字节串。 " +"如果形参长度小于指定值，它将以零值进行填充，因此举例来说，``b'salt'`` 和 ``b'salt\\x00'`` 为相同的值 (*key* " +"的情况则并非如此。)" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:448 +msgid "These sizes are available as module `constants`_ described below." +msgstr "如下面的模块 `constants`_ 所描述，这些是可用的大小取值。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:450 +msgid "" +"Constructor functions also accept the following tree hashing parameters:" +msgstr "构造器函数还接受下列树形哈希形参:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:452 +msgid "*fanout*: fanout (0 to 255, 0 if unlimited, 1 in sequential mode)." +msgstr "*fanout*: 扇出值 (0 至 255，如无限制即为 0，连续模式下为 1)。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:454 +msgid "" +"*depth*: maximal depth of tree (1 to 255, 255 if unlimited, 1 in sequential " +"mode)." +msgstr "*depth*: 树的最大深度 (1 至 255，如无限制则为 255，连续模式下为 1)。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:457 +msgid "" +"*leaf_size*: maximal byte length of leaf (0 to ``2**32-1``, 0 if unlimited " +"or in sequential mode)." +msgstr "*leaf_size*: 叶子的最大字节长度 (0 至 ``2**32-1``，如无限制或在连续模式下则为 0)。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:460 +msgid "" +"*node_offset*: node offset (0 to ``2**64-1`` for BLAKE2b, 0 to ``2**48-1`` " +"for BLAKE2s, 0 for the first, leftmost, leaf, or in sequential mode)." +msgstr "" +"*node_offset*: 节点的偏移量 (对于 BLAKE2b 为 0 至 ``2**64-1``，对于 BLAKE2s 为 0 至 " +"``2**48-1``，对于最多边的第一个叶子或在连续模式下则为 0)。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:463 +msgid "" +"*node_depth*: node depth (0 to 255, 0 for leaves, or in sequential mode)." +msgstr "*node_depth*: 节点深度 (0 至 255，对于叶子或在连续模式下则为 0)。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:465 +msgid "" +"*inner_size*: inner digest size (0 to 64 for BLAKE2b, 0 to 32 for BLAKE2s, 0" +" in sequential mode)." +msgstr "" +"*inner_size*: 内部摘要大小 (对于 BLAKE2b 为 0 至 64，对于 BLAKE2s 为 0 至 32，连续模式下则为 0)。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:468 +msgid "" +"*last_node*: boolean indicating whether the processed node is the last one " +"(``False`` for sequential mode)." +msgstr "*last_node*: 一个指明所处理的节点是否为最后一个 (在连续模式下为 ``False``) 的布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:471 +msgid "Explanation of tree mode parameters." +msgstr "树模式形参的说明。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:475 +msgid "" +"See section 2.10 in `BLAKE2 specification " +"`_ for comprehensive review of " +"tree hashing." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 `BLAKE2 规格描述 `_ 第 2.10 " +"节获取有关树形哈希的完整介绍。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:481 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:486 +msgid "Salt length (maximum length accepted by constructors)." +msgstr "盐值长度（构造器所接受的最大长度）。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Personalization string length (maximum length accepted by constructors)." +msgstr "个性化字符串长度（构造器所接受的最大长度）。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:498 +msgid "Maximum key size." +msgstr "最大密钥长度。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:504 +msgid "Maximum digest size that the hash function can output." +msgstr "哈希函数可输出的最大摘要长度。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:508 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:511 +msgid "Simple hashing" +msgstr "简单哈希" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:513 +msgid "" +"To calculate hash of some data, you should first construct a hash object by " +"calling the appropriate constructor function (:func:`blake2b` or " +":func:`blake2s`), then update it with the data by calling " +":meth:`~hash.update` on the object, and, finally, get the digest out of the " +"object by calling :meth:`~hash.digest` (or :meth:`~hash.hexdigest` for hex-" +"encoded string)." +msgstr "" +"要计算某个数据的哈希值，你应该首先通过调用适当的构造器函数 (:func:`blake2b` 或 :func:`blake2s`) " +"来构造一个哈希对象，然后通过在该对象上调用 :meth:`~hash.update` 来更新目标数据，最后再通过调用 " +":meth:`~hash.digest` (或针对十六进制编码字符串的 :meth:`~hash.hexdigest`) 来获取该对象的摘要。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:526 +msgid "" +"As a shortcut, you can pass the first chunk of data to update directly to " +"the constructor as the positional argument:" +msgstr "作为快捷方式，你可以直接以位置参数的形式向构造器传入第一个数据块来直接更新:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:533 +msgid "" +"You can call :meth:`hash.update` as many times as you need to iteratively " +"update the hash:" +msgstr "你可以多次调用 :meth:`hash.update` 至你所想要的任意次数以迭代地更新哈希值:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:547 +msgid "Using different digest sizes" +msgstr "使用不同的摘要大小" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:549 +msgid "" +"BLAKE2 has configurable size of digests up to 64 bytes for BLAKE2b and up to" +" 32 bytes for BLAKE2s. For example, to replace SHA-1 with BLAKE2b without " +"changing the size of output, we can tell BLAKE2b to produce 20-byte digests:" +msgstr "" +"BLAKE2 具有可配置的摘要大小，对于 BLAKE2b 最多 64 字节，对于 BLAKE2s 最多 32 字节。 例如，要使用 BLAKE2b " +"来替代 SHA-1 而不改变输出大小，我们可以让 BLAKE2b 产生 20 个字节的摘要:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Hash objects with different digest sizes have completely different outputs " +"(shorter hashes are *not* prefixes of longer hashes); BLAKE2b and BLAKE2s " +"produce different outputs even if the output length is the same:" +msgstr "" +"不同摘要大小的哈希对象具有完全不同的输出（较短哈希值 *并非* 较长哈希值的前缀）；即使输出长度相同，BLAKE2b 和 BLAKE2s " +"也会产生不同的输出:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:579 +msgid "Keyed hashing" +msgstr "密钥哈希" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:581 +msgid "" +"Keyed hashing can be used for authentication as a faster and simpler " +"replacement for `Hash-based message authentication code " +"`_ (HMAC). BLAKE2 can be securely used " +"in prefix-MAC mode thanks to the indifferentiability property inherited from" +" BLAKE." +msgstr "" +"带密钥的哈希运算可被用于身份验证，作为 `基于哈希的消息验证代码 `_ " +"(HMAC) 的一种更快速更简单的替代。 BLAKE2 可被安全地用于前缀 MAC 模式，这是由于它从 BLAKE 继承而来的不可区分特性。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:587 +msgid "" +"This example shows how to get a (hex-encoded) 128-bit authentication code " +"for message ``b'message data'`` with key ``b'pseudorandom key'``::" +msgstr "" +"这个例子演示了如何使用密钥 ``b'pseudorandom key'`` 来为 ``b'message data'`` " +"获取一个（十六进制编码的）128 位验证代码::" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:590 +msgid "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>> h = blake2b(key=b'pseudorandom key', digest_size=16)\n" +">>> h.update(b'message data')\n" +">>> h.hexdigest()\n" +"'3d363ff7401e02026f4a4687d4863ced'" +msgstr "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>> h = blake2b(key=b'pseudorandom key', digest_size=16)\n" +">>> h.update(b'message data')\n" +">>> h.hexdigest()\n" +"'3d363ff7401e02026f4a4687d4863ced'" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:597 +msgid "" +"As a practical example, a web application can symmetrically sign cookies " +"sent to users and later verify them to make sure they weren't tampered " +"with::" +msgstr "作为实际的例子，一个 Web 应用可为发送给用户的 cookies 进行对称签名，并在之后对其进行验证以确保它们没有被篡改::" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:600 +msgid "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>> from hmac import compare_digest\n" +">>>\n" +">>> SECRET_KEY = b'pseudorandomly generated server secret key'\n" +">>> AUTH_SIZE = 16\n" +">>>\n" +">>> def sign(cookie):\n" +"... h = blake2b(digest_size=AUTH_SIZE, key=SECRET_KEY)\n" +"... h.update(cookie)\n" +"... return h.hexdigest().encode('utf-8')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> def verify(cookie, sig):\n" +"... good_sig = sign(cookie)\n" +"... return compare_digest(good_sig, sig)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> cookie = b'user-alice'\n" +">>> sig = sign(cookie)\n" +">>> print(\"{0},{1}\".format(cookie.decode('utf-8'), sig))\n" +"user-alice,b'43b3c982cf697e0c5ab22172d1ca7421'\n" +">>> verify(cookie, sig)\n" +"True\n" +">>> verify(b'user-bob', sig)\n" +"False\n" +">>> verify(cookie, b'0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f00')\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>> from hmac import compare_digest\n" +">>>\n" +">>> SECRET_KEY = b'pseudorandomly generated server secret key'\n" +">>> AUTH_SIZE = 16\n" +">>>\n" +">>> def sign(cookie):\n" +"... h = blake2b(digest_size=AUTH_SIZE, key=SECRET_KEY)\n" +"... h.update(cookie)\n" +"... return h.hexdigest().encode('utf-8')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> def verify(cookie, sig):\n" +"... good_sig = sign(cookie)\n" +"... return compare_digest(good_sig, sig)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> cookie = b'user-alice'\n" +">>> sig = sign(cookie)\n" +">>> print(\"{0},{1}\".format(cookie.decode('utf-8'), sig))\n" +"user-alice,b'43b3c982cf697e0c5ab22172d1ca7421'\n" +">>> verify(cookie, sig)\n" +"True\n" +">>> verify(b'user-bob', sig)\n" +"False\n" +">>> verify(cookie, b'0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f00')\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Even though there's a native keyed hashing mode, BLAKE2 can, of course, be " +"used in HMAC construction with :mod:`hmac` module::" +msgstr "即使存在原生的密钥哈希模式，BLAKE2 也同样可在 :mod:`hmac` 模块的 HMAC 构造过程中使用::" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:629 +msgid "" +">>> import hmac, hashlib\n" +">>> m = hmac.new(b'secret key', digestmod=hashlib.blake2s)\n" +">>> m.update(b'message')\n" +">>> m.hexdigest()\n" +"'e3c8102868d28b5ff85fc35dda07329970d1a01e273c37481326fe0c861c8142'" +msgstr "" +">>> import hmac, hashlib\n" +">>> m = hmac.new(b'secret key', digestmod=hashlib.blake2s)\n" +">>> m.update(b'message')\n" +">>> m.hexdigest()\n" +"'e3c8102868d28b5ff85fc35dda07329970d1a01e273c37481326fe0c861c8142'" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:637 +msgid "Randomized hashing" +msgstr "随机哈希" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:639 +msgid "" +"By setting *salt* parameter users can introduce randomization to the hash " +"function. Randomized hashing is useful for protecting against collision " +"attacks on the hash function used in digital signatures." +msgstr "用户可通过设置 *salt* 形参来为哈希函数引入随机化。 随机哈希适用于防止对数字签名中使用的哈希函数进行碰撞攻击。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:643 +msgid "" +"Randomized hashing is designed for situations where one party, the message " +"preparer, generates all or part of a message to be signed by a second party," +" the message signer. If the message preparer is able to find cryptographic " +"hash function collisions (i.e., two messages producing the same hash value)," +" then they might prepare meaningful versions of the message that would " +"produce the same hash value and digital signature, but with different " +"results (e.g., transferring $1,000,000 to an account, rather than $10). " +"Cryptographic hash functions have been designed with collision resistance as" +" a major goal, but the current concentration on attacking cryptographic hash" +" functions may result in a given cryptographic hash function providing less " +"collision resistance than expected. Randomized hashing offers the signer " +"additional protection by reducing the likelihood that a preparer can " +"generate two or more messages that ultimately yield the same hash value " +"during the digital signature generation process --- even if it is practical " +"to find collisions for the hash function. However, the use of randomized " +"hashing may reduce the amount of security provided by a digital signature " +"when all portions of the message are prepared by the signer." +msgstr "" +"随机哈希被设计用来处理当一方（消息准备者）要生成由另一方（消息签名者）进行签名的全部或部分消息的情况。 " +"如果消息准备者能够找到加密哈希函数的碰撞现象（即两条消息产生相同的哈希值），则他们就可以准备将产生相同哈希值和数字签名但却具有不同结果的有意义的消息版本（例如向某个账户转入" +" $1,000,000 而不是 $10）。 " +"加密哈希函数的设计都是以防碰撞性能为其主要目标之一的，但是当前针对加密哈希函数的集中攻击可能导致特定加密哈希函数所提供的防碰撞性能低于预期。 " +"随机哈希为签名者提供了额外的保护，可以降低准备者在数字签名生成过程中使得两条或更多条消息最终产生相同哈希值的可能性 --- " +"即使为特定哈希函数找到碰撞现象是可行的。 但是，当消息的所有部分均由签名者准备时，使用随机哈希可能降低数字签名所提供的安全性。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:662 +msgid "" +"(`NIST SP-800-106 \"Randomized Hashing for Digital Signatures\" " +"`_)" +msgstr "" +"(`NIST SP-800-106 \"数字签名的随机哈希\" " +"`_)" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:665 +msgid "" +"In BLAKE2 the salt is processed as a one-time input to the hash function " +"during initialization, rather than as an input to each compression function." +msgstr "在 BLAKE2 中，盐值会在初始化期间作为对哈希函数的一次性输入而不是对每个压缩函数的输入来处理。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:670 +msgid "" +"*Salted hashing* (or just hashing) with BLAKE2 or any other general-purpose " +"cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-256, is not suitable for hashing " +"passwords. See `BLAKE2 FAQ `_ for more " +"information." +msgstr "" +"使用 BLAKE2 或任何其他通用加密哈希函数，例如 SHA-256 进行 *加盐哈希* (或纯哈希) 并不适用于对密码的哈希。 请参阅 `BLAKE2" +" FAQ `_ 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:693 +msgid "Personalization" +msgstr "个性化" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it is useful to force hash function to produce different digests " +"for the same input for different purposes. Quoting the authors of the Skein " +"hash function:" +msgstr "出于不同的目的强制让哈希函数为相同的输入生成不同的摘要有时也是有用的。 正如 Skein 哈希函数的作者所言:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:699 +msgid "" +"We recommend that all application designers seriously consider doing this; " +"we have seen many protocols where a hash that is computed in one part of the" +" protocol can be used in an entirely different part because two hash " +"computations were done on similar or related data, and the attacker can " +"force the application to make the hash inputs the same. Personalizing each " +"hash function used in the protocol summarily stops this type of attack." +msgstr "" +"我们建议所有应用设计者慎重考虑这种做法；我们已看到有许多协议在协议的某一部分中计算出来的哈希值在另一个完全不同的部分中也可以被使用，因为两次哈希计算是针对类似或相关的数据进行的，这样攻击者可以强制应用为相同的输入生成哈希值。" +" 个性化协议中所使用的每个哈希函数将有效地阻止这种类型的攻击。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:706 +msgid "" +"(`The Skein Hash Function Family `_, p. 21)" +msgstr "" +"(`Skein 哈希函数族 `_, p. 21)" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:710 +msgid "BLAKE2 can be personalized by passing bytes to the *person* argument::" +msgstr "BLAKE2 可通过向 *person* 参数传入字节串来进行个性化::" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:712 +msgid "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>> FILES_HASH_PERSON = b'MyApp Files Hash'\n" +">>> BLOCK_HASH_PERSON = b'MyApp Block Hash'\n" +">>> h = blake2b(digest_size=32, person=FILES_HASH_PERSON)\n" +">>> h.update(b'the same content')\n" +">>> h.hexdigest()\n" +"'20d9cd024d4fb086aae819a1432dd2466de12947831b75c5a30cf2676095d3b4'\n" +">>> h = blake2b(digest_size=32, person=BLOCK_HASH_PERSON)\n" +">>> h.update(b'the same content')\n" +">>> h.hexdigest()\n" +"'cf68fb5761b9c44e7878bfb2c4c9aea52264a80b75005e65619778de59f383a3'" +msgstr "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>> FILES_HASH_PERSON = b'MyApp Files Hash'\n" +">>> BLOCK_HASH_PERSON = b'MyApp Block Hash'\n" +">>> h = blake2b(digest_size=32, person=FILES_HASH_PERSON)\n" +">>> h.update(b'the same content')\n" +">>> h.hexdigest()\n" +"'20d9cd024d4fb086aae819a1432dd2466de12947831b75c5a30cf2676095d3b4'\n" +">>> h = blake2b(digest_size=32, person=BLOCK_HASH_PERSON)\n" +">>> h.update(b'the same content')\n" +">>> h.hexdigest()\n" +"'cf68fb5761b9c44e7878bfb2c4c9aea52264a80b75005e65619778de59f383a3'" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:724 +msgid "" +"Personalization together with the keyed mode can also be used to derive " +"different keys from a single one." +msgstr "个性化配合密钥模式也可被用来从单个密钥派生出多个不同密钥。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:738 +msgid "Tree mode" +msgstr "树形模式" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:740 +msgid "Here's an example of hashing a minimal tree with two leaf nodes::" +msgstr "以下是对包含两个叶子节点的最小树进行哈希的例子::" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:742 +msgid "" +" 10\n" +" / \\\n" +"00 01" +msgstr "" +" 10\n" +" / \\\n" +"00 01" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:746 +msgid "" +"This example uses 64-byte internal digests, and returns the 32-byte final " +"digest::" +msgstr "这个例子使用 64 字节内部摘要，返回 32 字节最终摘要::" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:749 +msgid "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>>\n" +">>> FANOUT = 2\n" +">>> DEPTH = 2\n" +">>> LEAF_SIZE = 4096\n" +">>> INNER_SIZE = 64\n" +">>>\n" +">>> buf = bytearray(6000)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # Left leaf\n" +"... h00 = blake2b(buf[0:LEAF_SIZE], fanout=FANOUT, depth=DEPTH,\n" +"... leaf_size=LEAF_SIZE, inner_size=INNER_SIZE,\n" +"... node_offset=0, node_depth=0, last_node=False)\n" +">>> # Right leaf\n" +"... h01 = blake2b(buf[LEAF_SIZE:], fanout=FANOUT, depth=DEPTH,\n" +"... leaf_size=LEAF_SIZE, inner_size=INNER_SIZE,\n" +"... node_offset=1, node_depth=0, last_node=True)\n" +">>> # Root node\n" +"... h10 = blake2b(digest_size=32, fanout=FANOUT, depth=DEPTH,\n" +"... leaf_size=LEAF_SIZE, inner_size=INNER_SIZE,\n" +"... node_offset=0, node_depth=1, last_node=True)\n" +">>> h10.update(h00.digest())\n" +">>> h10.update(h01.digest())\n" +">>> h10.hexdigest()\n" +"'3ad2a9b37c6070e374c7a8c508fe20ca86b6ed54e286e93a0318e95e881db5aa'" +msgstr "" +">>> from hashlib import blake2b\n" +">>>\n" +">>> FANOUT = 2\n" +">>> DEPTH = 2\n" +">>> LEAF_SIZE = 4096\n" +">>> INNER_SIZE = 64\n" +">>>\n" +">>> buf = bytearray(6000)\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # Left leaf\n" +"... h00 = blake2b(buf[0:LEAF_SIZE], fanout=FANOUT, depth=DEPTH,\n" +"... leaf_size=LEAF_SIZE, inner_size=INNER_SIZE,\n" +"... node_offset=0, node_depth=0, last_node=False)\n" +">>> # Right leaf\n" +"... h01 = blake2b(buf[LEAF_SIZE:], fanout=FANOUT, depth=DEPTH,\n" +"... leaf_size=LEAF_SIZE, inner_size=INNER_SIZE,\n" +"... node_offset=1, node_depth=0, last_node=True)\n" +">>> # Root node\n" +"... h10 = blake2b(digest_size=32, fanout=FANOUT, depth=DEPTH,\n" +"... leaf_size=LEAF_SIZE, inner_size=INNER_SIZE,\n" +"... node_offset=0, node_depth=1, last_node=True)\n" +">>> h10.update(h00.digest())\n" +">>> h10.update(h01.digest())\n" +">>> h10.hexdigest()\n" +"'3ad2a9b37c6070e374c7a8c508fe20ca86b6ed54e286e93a0318e95e881db5aa'" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:776 +msgid "Credits" +msgstr "开发人员" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:778 +msgid "" +"BLAKE2_ was designed by *Jean-Philippe Aumasson*, *Samuel Neves*, *Zooko " +"Wilcox-O'Hearn*, and *Christian Winnerlein* based on SHA-3_ finalist BLAKE_ " +"created by *Jean-Philippe Aumasson*, *Luca Henzen*, *Willi Meier*, and " +"*Raphael C.-W. Phan*." +msgstr "" +"BLAKE2_ 是由 *Jean-Philippe Aumasson*, *Samuel Neves*, *Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn* " +"和 *Christian Winnerlein* 基于 *Jean-Philippe Aumasson*, *Luca Henzen*, *Willi " +"Meier* 和 *Raphael C.-W. Phan* 所创造的 SHA-3_ 入围方案 BLAKE_ 进行设计的。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:783 +msgid "" +"It uses core algorithm from ChaCha_ cipher designed by *Daniel J. " +"Bernstein*." +msgstr "它使用的核心算法来自由 *Daniel J. Bernstein* 所设计的 ChaCha_ 加密。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:785 +msgid "" +"The stdlib implementation is based on pyblake2_ module. It was written by " +"*Dmitry Chestnykh* based on C implementation written by *Samuel Neves*. The " +"documentation was copied from pyblake2_ and written by *Dmitry Chestnykh*." +msgstr "" +"stdlib 实现是基于 pyblake2_ 模块的。 它由 *Dmitry Chestnykh* 在 *Samuel Neves* 所编写的 C " +"实现的基础上编写。 此文档拷贝自 pyblake2_ 并由 *Dmitry Chestnykh* 撰写。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:789 +msgid "The C code was partly rewritten for Python by *Christian Heimes*." +msgstr "C 代码由 *Christian Heimes* 针对 Python 进行了部分的重写。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:791 +msgid "" +"The following public domain dedication applies for both C hash function " +"implementation, extension code, and this documentation:" +msgstr "以下公共领域贡献同时适用于 C 哈希函数实现、扩展代码和本文档:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:794 +msgid "" +"To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright" +" and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain " +"worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty." +msgstr "在法律许可的范围内，作者已将此软件的全部版权以及关联和邻接权利贡献到全球公共领域。 此软件的发布不附带任何担保。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:798 +msgid "" +"You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along " +"with this software. If not, see " +"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/." +msgstr "" +"你应该已收到此软件附带的 CC0 公共领域专属证书的副本。 如果没有，请参阅 " +"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:802 +msgid "" +"The following people have helped with development or contributed their " +"changes to the project and the public domain according to the Creative " +"Commons Public Domain Dedication 1.0 Universal:" +msgstr "根据创意分享公共领域贡献 1.0 通用规范，下列人士为此项目的开发提供了帮助或对公共领域的修改作出了贡献:" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:806 +msgid "*Alexandr Sokolovskiy*" +msgstr "*Alexandr Sokolovskiy*" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:827 +msgid "Module :mod:`hmac`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`hmac`" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:828 +msgid "A module to generate message authentication codes using hashes." +msgstr "使用哈希运算来生成消息验证代码的模块。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:830 +msgid "Module :mod:`base64`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`base64`" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:831 +msgid "Another way to encode binary hashes for non-binary environments." +msgstr "针对非二进制环境对二进制哈希值进行编辑的另一种方式。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:833 +msgid "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/fips/nist.fips.180-4.pdf" +msgstr "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/fips/nist.fips.180-4.pdf" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:834 +msgid "The FIPS 180-4 publication on Secure Hash Algorithms." +msgstr "有关安全哈希算法的 FIPS 180-4 发布版。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:836 +msgid "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/202/final" +msgstr "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/202/final" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:837 +msgid "The FIPS 202 publication on the SHA-3 Standard." +msgstr "关于 SHA-3 标准的 FIPS 202 公告。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:839 +msgid "https://www.blake2.net/" +msgstr "https://www.blake2.net/" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:840 +msgid "Official BLAKE2 website." +msgstr "BLAKE2 官方网站" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:842 +msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function" +msgstr "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:843 +msgid "" +"Wikipedia article with information on which algorithms have known issues and" +" what that means regarding their use." +msgstr "包含关于哪些算法存在已知问题以及对其使用所造成的影响的信息的 Wikipedia 文章。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:846 +msgid "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8018.txt" +msgstr "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8018.txt" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:847 +msgid "PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.1" +msgstr "PKCS #5: 基于密码的加密规范描述 2.1 版" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:849 +msgid "" +"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-132.pdf" +msgstr "" +"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-132.pdf" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:850 +msgid "NIST Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation." +msgstr "NIST 对基于密码的密钥派生的建议。" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:12 +msgid "message digest, MD5" +msgstr "消息摘要, MD5" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:12 +msgid "" +"secure hash algorithm, SHA1, SHA2, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA3, " +"Shake, Blake2" +msgstr "" +"安全哈希算法, SHA1, SHA2, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA3, Shake, Blake2" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:53 +msgid "OpenSSL" +msgstr "OpenSSL" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:53 +msgid "(use in module hashlib)" +msgstr "(在 hashlib 模块中使用)" + +#: ../../library/hashlib.rst:377 +msgid "blake2b, blake2s" +msgstr "blake2b, blake2s" diff --git a/library/heapq.po b/library/heapq.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..636612682 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/heapq.po @@ -0,0 +1,597 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# iceyasha , 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!heapq` --- Heap queue algorithm" +msgstr ":mod:`!heapq` --- 堆队列算法" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/heapq.py`" +msgstr "**源码：**:source:`Lib/heapq.py`" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module provides an implementation of the heap queue algorithm, also " +"known as the priority queue algorithm." +msgstr "这个模块实现了堆队列算法，即优先队列算法。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Heaps are binary trees for which every parent node has a value less than or " +"equal to any of its children. We refer to this condition as the heap " +"invariant." +msgstr "堆是一种二叉树，其中每个上级节点的值都小于等于它的任意子节点。 我们将这一条件称为堆的不变性。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:22 +msgid "" +"This implementation uses arrays for which ``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+1]`` and " +"``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+2]`` for all *k*, counting elements from zero. For " +"the sake of comparison, non-existing elements are considered to be infinite." +" The interesting property of a heap is that its smallest element is always " +"the root, ``heap[0]``." +msgstr "" +"这个实现使用了数组，其中对于所有从 0 开始计数的 *k* 都有 ``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+1]`` 且 ``heap[k] <= " +"heap[2*k+2]``。 为了便于比较，不存在的元素将被视为无穷大。 堆最有趣的特性在于其最小的元素始终位于根节点 ``heap[0]``。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The API below differs from textbook heap algorithms in two aspects: (a) We " +"use zero-based indexing. This makes the relationship between the index for " +"a node and the indexes for its children slightly less obvious, but is more " +"suitable since Python uses zero-based indexing. (b) Our pop method returns " +"the smallest item, not the largest (called a \"min heap\" in textbooks; a " +"\"max heap\" is more common in texts because of its suitability for in-place" +" sorting)." +msgstr "" +"这个API与教材的堆算法实现有所不同，具体区别有两方面：（a）我们使用了从零开始的索引。这使得节点和其孩子节点索引之间的关系不太直观但更加适合，因为 " +"Python 使用从零开始的索引。 （b）我们的 pop " +"方法返回最小的项而不是最大的项（这在教材中称为“最小堆”；而“最大堆”在教材中更为常见，因为它更适用于原地排序）。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:35 +msgid "" +"These two make it possible to view the heap as a regular Python list without" +" surprises: ``heap[0]`` is the smallest item, and ``heap.sort()`` maintains " +"the heap invariant!" +msgstr "" +"基于这两方面，把堆看作原生的Python list也没什么奇怪的： ``heap[0]`` 表示最小的元素，同时 ``heap.sort()`` " +"维护了堆的不变性！" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:39 +msgid "" +"To create a heap, use a list initialized to ``[]``, or you can transform a " +"populated list into a heap via function :func:`heapify`." +msgstr "要创建一个堆，可以新建一个空列表 ``[]``，或者用函数 :func:`heapify` 把一个非空列表变为堆。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:42 +msgid "The following functions are provided:" +msgstr "定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:47 +msgid "Push the value *item* onto the *heap*, maintaining the heap invariant." +msgstr "将 *item* 的值加入 *heap* 中，保持堆的不变性。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Pop and return the smallest item from the *heap*, maintaining the heap " +"invariant. If the heap is empty, :exc:`IndexError` is raised. To access " +"the smallest item without popping it, use ``heap[0]``." +msgstr "" +"弹出并返回 *heap* 的最小的元素，保持堆的不变性。如果堆为空，抛出 :exc:`IndexError` 。使用 ``heap[0]`` " +"，可以只访问最小的元素而不弹出它。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Push *item* on the heap, then pop and return the smallest item from the " +"*heap*. The combined action runs more efficiently than :func:`heappush` " +"followed by a separate call to :func:`heappop`." +msgstr "" +"将 *item* 放入堆中，然后弹出并返回 *heap* 的最小元素。该组合操作比先调用 :func:`heappush` 再调用 " +":func:`heappop` 运行起来更有效率。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:66 +msgid "Transform list *x* into a heap, in-place, in linear time." +msgstr "将list *x* 转换成堆，原地，线性时间内。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Pop and return the smallest item from the *heap*, and also push the new " +"*item*. The heap size doesn't change. If the heap is empty, " +":exc:`IndexError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"弹出并返回 *heap* 中最小的一项，同时推入新的 *item*。 堆的大小不变。 如果堆为空则引发 :exc:`IndexError`。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:74 +msgid "" +"This one step operation is more efficient than a :func:`heappop` followed by" +" :func:`heappush` and can be more appropriate when using a fixed-size heap. " +"The pop/push combination always returns an element from the heap and " +"replaces it with *item*." +msgstr "" +"这个单步骤操作比 :func:`heappop` 加 :func:`heappush` 更高效，并且在使用固定大小的堆时更为适宜。 pop/push " +"组合总是会从堆中返回一个元素并将其替换为 *item*。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:79 +msgid "" +"The value returned may be larger than the *item* added. If that isn't " +"desired, consider using :func:`heappushpop` instead. Its push/pop " +"combination returns the smaller of the two values, leaving the larger value " +"on the heap." +msgstr "" +"返回的值可能会比新加入的值大。如果不希望如此，可改用 :func:`heappushpop`。它的 push/pop " +"组合返回两个值中较小的一个，将较大的留在堆中。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:85 +msgid "The module also offers three general purpose functions based on heaps." +msgstr "该模块还提供了三个基于堆的通用目的函数。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Merge multiple sorted inputs into a single sorted output (for example, merge" +" timestamped entries from multiple log files). Returns an :term:`iterator` " +"over the sorted values." +msgstr "" +"将多个已排序的输入合并为一个已排序的输出（例如，合并来自多个日志文件的带时间戳的条目）。 返回已排序值的 :term:`iterator`。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Similar to ``sorted(itertools.chain(*iterables))`` but returns an iterable, " +"does not pull the data into memory all at once, and assumes that each of the" +" input streams is already sorted (smallest to largest)." +msgstr "" +"类似于 ``sorted(itertools.chain(*iterables))`` " +"但返回一个可迭代对象，不会一次性地将数据全部放入内存，并假定每个输入流都是已排序的（从小到大）。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Has two optional arguments which must be specified as keyword arguments." +msgstr "具有两个可选参数，它们都必须指定为关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:100 +msgid "" +"*key* specifies a :term:`key function` of one argument that is used to " +"extract a comparison key from each input element. The default value is " +"``None`` (compare the elements directly)." +msgstr "" +"*key* 指定带有单个参数的 :term:`key function`，用于从每个输入元素中提取比较键。 默认值为 ``None`` " +"(直接比较元素)。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:104 +msgid "" +"*reverse* is a boolean value. If set to ``True``, then the input elements " +"are merged as if each comparison were reversed. To achieve behavior similar " +"to ``sorted(itertools.chain(*iterables), reverse=True)``, all iterables must" +" be sorted from largest to smallest." +msgstr "" +"*reverse* 为一个布尔值。 如果设为 ``True``，则输入元素将按比较结果逆序进行合并。 要达成与 " +"``sorted(itertools.chain(*iterables), reverse=True)`` " +"类似的行为，所有可迭代对象必须是已从大到小排序的。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:109 +msgid "Added the optional *key* and *reverse* parameters." +msgstr "添加了可选的 *key* 和 *reverse* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Return a list with the *n* largest elements from the dataset defined by " +"*iterable*. *key*, if provided, specifies a function of one argument that " +"is used to extract a comparison key from each element in *iterable* (for " +"example, ``key=str.lower``). Equivalent to: ``sorted(iterable, key=key, " +"reverse=True)[:n]``." +msgstr "" +"从 *iterable* 所定义的数据集中返回前 *n* 个最大元素组成的列表。 如果提供了 *key* 则其应指定一个单参数的函数，用于从 " +"*iterable* 的每个元素中提取比较键 (例如 ``key=str.lower``)。 等价于: ``sorted(iterable, " +"key=key, reverse=True)[:n]``。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Return a list with the *n* smallest elements from the dataset defined by " +"*iterable*. *key*, if provided, specifies a function of one argument that " +"is used to extract a comparison key from each element in *iterable* (for " +"example, ``key=str.lower``). Equivalent to: ``sorted(iterable, " +"key=key)[:n]``." +msgstr "" +"从 *iterable* 所定义的数据集中返回前 *n* 个最小元素组成的列表。 如果提供了 *key* 则其应指定一个单参数的函数，用于从 " +"*iterable* 的每个元素中提取比较键 (例如 ``key=str.lower``)。 等价于: ``sorted(iterable, " +"key=key)[:n]``。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:130 +msgid "" +"The latter two functions perform best for smaller values of *n*. For larger" +" values, it is more efficient to use the :func:`sorted` function. Also, " +"when ``n==1``, it is more efficient to use the built-in :func:`min` and " +":func:`max` functions. If repeated usage of these functions is required, " +"consider turning the iterable into an actual heap." +msgstr "" +"后两个函数在 *n* 值较小时性能最好。 对于更大的值，使用 :func:`sorted` 函数会更有效率。 此外，当 ``n==1`` 时，使用内置的" +" :func:`min` 和 :func:`max` 函数会更有效率。 如果需要重复使用这些函数，请考虑将可迭代对象转为真正的堆。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:138 +msgid "Basic Examples" +msgstr "基本示例" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:140 +msgid "" +"A `heapsort `_ can be implemented by" +" pushing all values onto a heap and then popping off the smallest values one" +" at a time::" +msgstr "" +"`堆排序 `_ 可以通过将所有值推入堆中然后每次弹出一个最小值项来实现。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:144 +msgid "" +">>> def heapsort(iterable):\n" +"... h = []\n" +"... for value in iterable:\n" +"... heappush(h, value)\n" +"... return [heappop(h) for i in range(len(h))]\n" +"...\n" +">>> heapsort([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0])\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" +msgstr "" +">>> def heapsort(iterable):\n" +"... h = []\n" +"... for value in iterable:\n" +"... heappush(h, value)\n" +"... return [heappop(h) for i in range(len(h))]\n" +"...\n" +">>> heapsort([1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0])\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:153 +msgid "" +"This is similar to ``sorted(iterable)``, but unlike :func:`sorted`, this " +"implementation is not stable." +msgstr "这类似于 ``sorted(iterable)``，但与 :func:`sorted` 不同的是这个实现是不稳定的。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Heap elements can be tuples. This is useful for assigning comparison values" +" (such as task priorities) alongside the main record being tracked::" +msgstr "堆元素可以为元组。这有利于以下做法——在被跟踪的主记录旁边添一个额外的值（例如任务的优先级）用于互相比较：" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:159 +msgid "" +">>> h = []\n" +">>> heappush(h, (5, 'write code'))\n" +">>> heappush(h, (7, 'release product'))\n" +">>> heappush(h, (1, 'write spec'))\n" +">>> heappush(h, (3, 'create tests'))\n" +">>> heappop(h)\n" +"(1, 'write spec')" +msgstr "" +">>> h = []\n" +">>> heappush(h, (5, 'write code'))\n" +">>> heappush(h, (7, 'release product'))\n" +">>> heappush(h, (1, 'write spec'))\n" +">>> heappush(h, (3, 'create tests'))\n" +">>> heappop(h)\n" +"(1, 'write spec')" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:169 +msgid "Priority Queue Implementation Notes" +msgstr "优先队列实现说明" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:171 +msgid "" +"A `priority queue `_ is common" +" use for a heap, and it presents several implementation challenges:" +msgstr "" +"`优先队列 `_ " +"是堆的常用场合，并且它的实现包含了多个挑战：" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Sort stability: how do you get two tasks with equal priorities to be " +"returned in the order they were originally added?" +msgstr "排序稳定性：如何让两个相同优先级的任务按它们最初被加入队列的顺序返回？" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Tuple comparison breaks for (priority, task) pairs if the priorities are " +"equal and the tasks do not have a default comparison order." +msgstr "如果 priority 相同且 task 之间未定义默认比较顺序，则两个 (priority, task) 元组之间的比较会报错。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:180 +msgid "" +"If the priority of a task changes, how do you move it to a new position in " +"the heap?" +msgstr "如果任务优先级发生改变，你该如何将其移至堆中的新位置？" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Or if a pending task needs to be deleted, how do you find it and remove it " +"from the queue?" +msgstr "或者如果一个挂起的任务需要被删除，你该如何找到它并将其移出队列？" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:186 +msgid "" +"A solution to the first two challenges is to store entries as 3-element list" +" including the priority, an entry count, and the task. The entry count " +"serves as a tie-breaker so that two tasks with the same priority are " +"returned in the order they were added. And since no two entry counts are the" +" same, the tuple comparison will never attempt to directly compare two " +"tasks." +msgstr "" +"针对前两项挑战的一种解决方案是将条目保存为包含优先级、条目计数和任务对象 3 个元素的列表。 " +"条目计数可用来打破平局，这样具有相同优先级的任务将按它们的添加顺序返回。 并且由于没有哪两个条目计数是相同的，元组比较将永远不会直接比较两个任务。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Another solution to the problem of non-comparable tasks is to create a " +"wrapper class that ignores the task item and only compares the priority " +"field::" +msgstr "两个 task 之间不可比的问题的另一种解决方案是——创建一个忽略 task，只比较 priority 字段的包装器类：" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:195 +msgid "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass, field\n" +"from typing import Any\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass(order=True)\n" +"class PrioritizedItem:\n" +" priority: int\n" +" item: Any=field(compare=False)" +msgstr "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass, field\n" +"from typing import Any\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass(order=True)\n" +"class PrioritizedItem:\n" +" priority: int\n" +" item: Any=field(compare=False)" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The remaining challenges revolve around finding a pending task and making " +"changes to its priority or removing it entirely. Finding a task can be done" +" with a dictionary pointing to an entry in the queue." +msgstr "其余的挑战主要包括找到挂起的任务并修改其优先级或将其完全移除。 找到一个任务可使用一个指向队列中条目的字典来实现。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Removing the entry or changing its priority is more difficult because it " +"would break the heap structure invariants. So, a possible solution is to " +"mark the entry as removed and add a new entry with the revised priority::" +msgstr "" +"移除条目或改变其优先级的操作实现起来更为困难，因为它会破坏堆结构不变量。 " +"因此，一种可能的解决方案是将条目标记为已移除，再添加一个改变了优先级的新条目::" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:211 +msgid "" +"pq = [] # list of entries arranged in a heap\n" +"entry_finder = {} # mapping of tasks to entries\n" +"REMOVED = '' # placeholder for a removed task\n" +"counter = itertools.count() # unique sequence count\n" +"\n" +"def add_task(task, priority=0):\n" +" 'Add a new task or update the priority of an existing task'\n" +" if task in entry_finder:\n" +" remove_task(task)\n" +" count = next(counter)\n" +" entry = [priority, count, task]\n" +" entry_finder[task] = entry\n" +" heappush(pq, entry)\n" +"\n" +"def remove_task(task):\n" +" 'Mark an existing task as REMOVED. Raise KeyError if not found.'\n" +" entry = entry_finder.pop(task)\n" +" entry[-1] = REMOVED\n" +"\n" +"def pop_task():\n" +" 'Remove and return the lowest priority task. Raise KeyError if empty.'\n" +" while pq:\n" +" priority, count, task = heappop(pq)\n" +" if task is not REMOVED:\n" +" del entry_finder[task]\n" +" return task\n" +" raise KeyError('pop from an empty priority queue')" +msgstr "" +"pq = [] # 由在堆中处理的条目组成的列表\n" +"entry_finder = {} # 从任务到条目的映射\n" +"REMOVED = '' # 已移除任务的占位符\n" +"counter = itertools.count() # 唯一序列计数\n" +"\n" +"def add_task(task, priority=0):\n" +" '新增任务或更新现有任务的优先级'\n" +" if task in entry_finder:\n" +" remove_task(task)\n" +" count = next(counter)\n" +" entry = [priority, count, task]\n" +" entry_finder[task] = entry\n" +" heappush(pq, entry)\n" +"\n" +"def remove_task(task):\n" +" '将现有任务标记为已移除。 如未找到则引发 KeyError。'\n" +" entry = entry_finder.pop(task)\n" +" entry[-1] = REMOVED\n" +"\n" +"def pop_task():\n" +" '移除并返回最低优先级的任务。 如为空则引发 KeyError。'\n" +" while pq:\n" +" priority, count, task = heappop(pq)\n" +" if task is not REMOVED:\n" +" del entry_finder[task]\n" +" return task\n" +" raise KeyError('pop from an empty priority queue')" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:241 +msgid "Theory" +msgstr "理论" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Heaps are arrays for which ``a[k] <= a[2*k+1]`` and ``a[k] <= a[2*k+2]`` for" +" all *k*, counting elements from 0. For the sake of comparison, non-" +"existing elements are considered to be infinite. The interesting property " +"of a heap is that ``a[0]`` is always its smallest element." +msgstr "" +"堆是通过数组来实现的，其中的元素从 0 开始计数，对于所有的 *k* 都有 ``a[k] <= a[2*k+1]`` 且 ``a[k] <= " +"a[2*k+2]``。 为了便于比较，不存在的元素被视为无穷大。 堆最有趣的特性在于 ``a[0]`` 总是其中最小的元素。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:248 +msgid "" +"The strange invariant above is meant to be an efficient memory " +"representation for a tournament. The numbers below are *k*, not ``a[k]``::" +msgstr "上面的特殊不变量是用来作为一场锦标赛的高效内存表示。 下面的数字是 *k* 而不是 ``a[k]``::" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:251 +msgid "" +" 0\n" +"\n" +" 1 2\n" +"\n" +" 3 4 5 6\n" +"\n" +" 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14\n" +"\n" +"15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30" +msgstr "" +" 0\n" +"\n" +" 1 2\n" +"\n" +" 3 4 5 6\n" +"\n" +" 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14\n" +"\n" +"15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:261 +msgid "" +"In the tree above, each cell *k* is topping ``2*k+1`` and ``2*k+2``. In a " +"usual binary tournament we see in sports, each cell is the winner over the " +"two cells it tops, and we can trace the winner down the tree to see all " +"opponents s/he had. However, in many computer applications of such " +"tournaments, we do not need to trace the history of a winner. To be more " +"memory efficient, when a winner is promoted, we try to replace it by " +"something else at a lower level, and the rule becomes that a cell and the " +"two cells it tops contain three different items, but the top cell \"wins\" " +"over the two topped cells." +msgstr "" +"在上面的树中，每个 *k* 单元都位于 ``2*k+1`` 和 ``2*k+2`` 之上。 " +"体育运动中我们经常见到二元锦标赛模式，每个胜者单元都位于另两个单元之上，并且我们可以沿着树形图向下追溯胜者所遇到的所有对手。 " +"但是，在许多采用这种锦标赛模式的计算机应用程序中，我们并不需要追溯胜者的历史。 " +"为了获得更高的内存利用效率，当一个胜者晋级时，我们会用较低层级的另一条目来替代它，因此规则变为一个单元和它之下的两个单元包含三个不同条目，上方单元“胜过”了两个下方单元。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:270 +msgid "" +"If this heap invariant is protected at all time, index 0 is clearly the " +"overall winner. The simplest algorithmic way to remove it and find the " +"\"next\" winner is to move some loser (let's say cell 30 in the diagram " +"above) into the 0 position, and then percolate this new 0 down the tree, " +"exchanging values, until the invariant is re-established. This is clearly " +"logarithmic on the total number of items in the tree. By iterating over all " +"items, you get an *O*\\ (*n* log *n*) sort." +msgstr "" +"如果这个堆的不变性始终受到保护，则索引号 0 显然是最终胜出者。 移除它并找出“下一个”胜出者的最简单算法形式是将某个输家（让我们假定是上图中的 30 " +"号单元）移至 0 号位，然后将这个新的 0 号沿着树结构下行，不断进行值的交换，直到不变性得到重建。 这显然会是树中条目总数的对数。 " +"通过迭代所有条目，你将得到一个 *O*\\ (*n* log *n*) 复杂度的排序。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:277 +msgid "" +"A nice feature of this sort is that you can efficiently insert new items " +"while the sort is going on, provided that the inserted items are not " +"\"better\" than the last 0'th element you extracted. This is especially " +"useful in simulation contexts, where the tree holds all incoming events, and" +" the \"win\" condition means the smallest scheduled time. When an event " +"schedules other events for execution, they are scheduled into the future, so" +" they can easily go into the heap. So, a heap is a good structure for " +"implementing schedulers (this is what I used for my MIDI sequencer :-)." +msgstr "" +"此排序有一个很好的特性就是你可以在排序进行期间高效地插入新条目，前提是插入的条目不比你最近取出的 0 号元素“更好”。 " +"这在模拟上下文时特别有用，在这种情况下树保存的是所有传入事件，“胜出”条件是最小调度时间。 " +"当一个事件将其他事件排入执行计划时，它们的调试时间向未来方向延长，这样它们可方便地入堆。 因此，堆结构很适宜用来实现调度器，我的 MIDI " +"音序器就是用的这个 :-)。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:286 +msgid "" +"Various structures for implementing schedulers have been extensively " +"studied, and heaps are good for this, as they are reasonably speedy, the " +"speed is almost constant, and the worst case is not much different than the " +"average case. However, there are other representations which are more " +"efficient overall, yet the worst cases might be terrible." +msgstr "" +"用于实现调度器的各种结构都得到了充分的研究，堆是非常适宜的一种，因为它们的速度相当快，并且几乎是恒定的，最坏的情况与平均情况没有太大差别。 " +"虽然还存在其他总体而言更高效的实现方式，但其最坏的情况却可能非常糟糕。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Heaps are also very useful in big disk sorts. You most probably all know " +"that a big sort implies producing \"runs\" (which are pre-sorted sequences, " +"whose size is usually related to the amount of CPU memory), followed by a " +"merging passes for these runs, which merging is often very cleverly " +"organised [#]_. It is very important that the initial sort produces the " +"longest runs possible. Tournaments are a good way to achieve that. If, " +"using all the memory available to hold a tournament, you replace and " +"percolate items that happen to fit the current run, you'll produce runs " +"which are twice the size of the memory for random input, and much better for" +" input fuzzily ordered." +msgstr "" +"堆在大磁盘排序中也非常有用。 你应该已经了解大规模排序会有多个“运行轮次”（即预排序的序列，其大小通常与 CPU " +"内存容量相关），随后这些轮次会进入合并通道，轮次合并的组织往往非常巧妙 [#]_。 非常重要的一点是初始排序应产生尽可能长的运行轮次。 " +"锦标赛模式是达成此目标的好办法。 " +"如果你使用全部有用内存来进行锦标赛，替换和安排恰好适合当前运行轮次的条目，你将可以对于随机输入生成两倍于内存大小的运行轮次，对于模糊排序的输入还会有更好的效果。" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:302 +msgid "" +"Moreover, if you output the 0'th item on disk and get an input which may not" +" fit in the current tournament (because the value \"wins\" over the last " +"output value), it cannot fit in the heap, so the size of the heap decreases." +" The freed memory could be cleverly reused immediately for progressively " +"building a second heap, which grows at exactly the same rate the first heap " +"is melting. When the first heap completely vanishes, you switch heaps and " +"start a new run. Clever and quite effective!" +msgstr "" +"另外，如果你输出磁盘上的第 0 个条目并获得一个可能不适合当前锦标赛的输入（因为其值要“胜过”上一个输出值），它无法被放入堆中，因此堆的尺寸将缩小。 " +"被释放的内存可以被巧妙地立即重用以逐步构建第二个堆，其增长速度与第一个堆的缩减速度正好相同。 当第一个堆完全消失时，你可以切换新堆并启动新的运行轮次。 " +"这样做既聪明又高效！" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:310 +msgid "" +"In a word, heaps are useful memory structures to know. I use them in a few " +"applications, and I think it is good to keep a 'heap' module around. :-)" +msgstr "总之，堆是值得了解的有用内存结构。 我在一些应用中用到了它们，并且认为保留一个 'heap' 模块是很有意义的。 :-)" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:314 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/heapq.rst:315 +msgid "" +"The disk balancing algorithms which are current, nowadays, are more annoying" +" than clever, and this is a consequence of the seeking capabilities of the " +"disks. On devices which cannot seek, like big tape drives, the story was " +"quite different, and one had to be very clever to ensure (far in advance) " +"that each tape movement will be the most effective possible (that is, will " +"best participate at \"progressing\" the merge). Some tapes were even able " +"to read backwards, and this was also used to avoid the rewinding time. " +"Believe me, real good tape sorts were quite spectacular to watch! From all " +"times, sorting has always been a Great Art! :-)" +msgstr "" +"当前时代的磁盘平衡算法与其说是巧妙，不如说是麻烦，这是由磁盘的寻址能力导致的结果。 " +"在无法寻址的设备例如大型磁带机上，情况则相当不同，开发者必须非常聪明地（极为提前地）确保每次磁带转动都尽可能地高效（就是说能够最好地加入到合并“进程”中）。" +" 有些磁带甚至能够反向读取，这也被用来避免倒带的耗时。 请相信我，真正优秀的磁带机排序看起来是极其壮观的，排序从来都是一门伟大的艺术！ :-)" diff --git a/library/hmac.po b/library/hmac.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee4520108 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/hmac.po @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# st z , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!hmac` --- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication" +msgstr ":mod:`!hmac` --- 用于消息验证的密钥哈希" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/hmac.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/hmac.py`" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:14 +msgid "This module implements the HMAC algorithm as described by :rfc:`2104`." +msgstr "此模块实现了 HMAC 算法，算法的描述参见 :rfc:`2104`。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Return a new hmac object. *key* is a bytes or bytearray object giving the " +"secret key. If *msg* is present, the method call ``update(msg)`` is made. " +"*digestmod* is the digest name, digest constructor or module for the HMAC " +"object to use. It may be any name suitable to :func:`hashlib.new`. Despite " +"its argument position, it is required." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 hmac 对象。 *key* 是一个指定密钥的 bytes 或 bytearray 对象。 如果提供了 *msg*，将会调用 " +"``update(msg)`` 方法。 *digestmod* 为 HMAC 对象所用的摘要名称、摘要构造器或模块。 它可以是适用于 " +":func:`hashlib.new` 的任何名称。 虽然该参数位置靠后，但它却是必须的。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:25 +msgid "" +"Parameter *key* can be a bytes or bytearray object. Parameter *msg* can be " +"of any type supported by :mod:`hashlib`. Parameter *digestmod* can be the " +"name of a hash algorithm." +msgstr "" +"形参 *key* 可以为 bytes 或 bytearray 对象。 形参 *msg* 可以为 :mod:`hashlib` 所支持的任意类型。 形参 " +"*digestmod* 可以为某种哈希算法的名称。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:30 +msgid "" +"The *digestmod* argument is now required. Pass it as a keyword argument to " +"avoid awkwardness when you do not have an initial *msg*." +msgstr "*digestmod* 参数现在是必须的。 请将其作为关键字参数传入以避免当你没有初始 *msg* 时将导致的麻烦。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Return digest of *msg* for given secret *key* and *digest*. The function is " +"equivalent to ``HMAC(key, msg, digest).digest()``, but uses an optimized C " +"or inline implementation, which is faster for messages that fit into memory." +" The parameters *key*, *msg*, and *digest* have the same meaning as in " +":func:`~hmac.new`." +msgstr "" +"基于给定密钥 *key* 和 *digest* 返回 *msg* 的摘要。 此函数等价于 ``HMAC(key, msg, " +"digest).digest()``，但使用了优化的 C 或内联实现，对放入内存的消息能处理得更快。 形参 *key*, *msg* 和 " +"*digest* 具有与 :func:`~hmac.new` 中相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:43 +msgid "" +"CPython implementation detail, the optimized C implementation is only used " +"when *digest* is a string and name of a digest algorithm, which is supported" +" by OpenSSL." +msgstr "" +"作为 CPython 的实现细节，优化的 C 实现仅当 *digest* 为字符串并且是一个 OpenSSL 所支持的摘要算法的名称时才会被使用。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:50 +msgid "An HMAC object has the following methods:" +msgstr "HMAC 对象具有下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Update the hmac object with *msg*. Repeated calls are equivalent to a " +"single call with the concatenation of all the arguments: ``m.update(a); " +"m.update(b)`` is equivalent to ``m.update(a + b)``." +msgstr "" +"用 *msg* 来更新 hmac 对象。 重复调用相当于单次调用并传入所有参数的拼接结果: ``m.update(a); m.update(b)`` " +"等价于 ``m.update(a + b)``。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:58 +msgid "Parameter *msg* can be of any type supported by :mod:`hashlib`." +msgstr "形参 *msg* 可以为 :mod:`hashlib` 所支持的任何类型。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Return the digest of the bytes passed to the :meth:`update` method so far. " +"This bytes object will be the same length as the *digest_size* of the digest" +" given to the constructor. It may contain non-ASCII bytes, including NUL " +"bytes." +msgstr "" +"返回当前已传给 :meth:`update` 方法的字节串数据的摘要。 这个字节串数据的长度将与传给构造器的摘要的长度 *digest_size* " +"相同。 它可以包含非 ASCII 的字节，包括 NUL 字节。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:71 +msgid "" +"When comparing the output of :meth:`digest` to an externally supplied digest" +" during a verification routine, it is recommended to use the " +":func:`compare_digest` function instead of the ``==`` operator to reduce the" +" vulnerability to timing attacks." +msgstr "" +"在验证例程运行期间将 :meth:`digest` 的输出与外部提供的摘要进行比较时，建议使用 :func:`compare_digest` 函数而不是" +" ``==`` 运算符以减少面对定时攻击的弱点。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`digest` except the digest is returned as a string twice the " +"length containing only hexadecimal digits. This may be used to exchange the" +" value safely in email or other non-binary environments." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`digest` 但摘要会以两倍长度字符串的形式返回，其中仅包含十六进制数码。 " +"这可以被用于在电子邮件或其他非二进制环境中安全地交换数据值。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:85 +msgid "" +"When comparing the output of :meth:`hexdigest` to an externally supplied " +"digest during a verification routine, it is recommended to use the " +":func:`compare_digest` function instead of the ``==`` operator to reduce the" +" vulnerability to timing attacks." +msgstr "" +"在验证例程运行期间将 :meth:`hexdigest` 的输出与外部提供的摘要进行比较时，建议使用 :func:`compare_digest` " +"函数而不是 ``==`` 运算符以减少面对定时攻击的弱点。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Return a copy (\"clone\") of the hmac object. This can be used to " +"efficiently compute the digests of strings that share a common initial " +"substring." +msgstr "返回 hmac 对象的副本（“克隆）。 这可被用来高效地计算共享相同初始子串的数据的摘要。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:97 +msgid "A hash object has the following attributes:" +msgstr "hash 对象具有以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:101 +msgid "The size of the resulting HMAC digest in bytes." +msgstr "以字节表示的结果 HMAC 摘要的大小。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:105 +msgid "The internal block size of the hash algorithm in bytes." +msgstr "以字节表示的哈希算法的内部块大小。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:111 +msgid "The canonical name of this HMAC, always lowercase, e.g. ``hmac-md5``." +msgstr "HMAC 的规范名称，总是为小写形式，例如 ``hmac-md5``。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Removed the undocumented attributes ``HMAC.digest_cons``, ``HMAC.inner``, " +"and ``HMAC.outer``." +msgstr "移除了未写入文档的属性 ``HMAC.digest_cons``, ``HMAC.inner`` 和 ``HMAC.outer``。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:120 +msgid "This module also provides the following helper function:" +msgstr "这个模块还提供了下列辅助函数:" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Return ``a == b``. This function uses an approach designed to prevent " +"timing analysis by avoiding content-based short circuiting behaviour, making" +" it appropriate for cryptography. *a* and *b* must both be of the same " +"type: either :class:`str` (ASCII only, as e.g. returned by " +":meth:`HMAC.hexdigest`), or a :term:`bytes-like object`." +msgstr "" +"返回 ``a == b``。 此函数使用一种经专门设计的方式通过避免基于内容的短路行为来防止定时分析，使得它适合处理密码。 *a* 和 *b* " +"必须为相同的类型：或者是 :class:`str` (仅限 ASCII 字符，如 :meth:`HMAC.hexdigest` 的返回值)，或者是 " +":term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:132 +msgid "" +"If *a* and *b* are of different lengths, or if an error occurs, a timing " +"attack could theoretically reveal information about the types and lengths of" +" *a* and *b*—but not their values." +msgstr "" +"如果 *a* 和 *b* 具有不同的长度，或者如果发生了错误，定时攻击在理论上可以获取有关 *a* 和 *b* 的类型和长度信息 — " +"但不能获取它们的值。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The function uses OpenSSL's ``CRYPTO_memcmp()`` internally when available." +msgstr "此函数在可能的情况下会在内部使用 OpenSSL 的 ``CRYPTO_memcmp()``。" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:146 +msgid "Module :mod:`hashlib`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`hashlib`" + +#: ../../library/hmac.rst:147 +msgid "The Python module providing secure hash functions." +msgstr "提供安全哈希函数的 Python 模块。" diff --git a/library/html.entities.po b/library/html.entities.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..390bfab14 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/html.entities.po @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!html.entities` --- Definitions of HTML general entities" +msgstr ":mod:`!html.entities` --- HTML 一般实体的定义" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/html/entities.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/html/entities.py`" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This module defines four dictionaries, :data:`html5`, " +":data:`name2codepoint`, :data:`codepoint2name`, and :data:`entitydefs`." +msgstr "" +"该模块定义了四个词典， :data:`html5`、 :data:`name2codepoint`、 :data:`codepoint2name`、以及" +" :data:`entitydefs`。" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:19 +msgid "" +"A dictionary that maps HTML5 named character references [#]_ to the " +"equivalent Unicode character(s), e.g. ``html5['gt;'] == '>'``. Note that the" +" trailing semicolon is included in the name (e.g. ``'gt;'``), however some " +"of the names are accepted by the standard even without the semicolon: in " +"this case the name is present with and without the ``';'``. See also " +":func:`html.unescape`." +msgstr "" +"将 HTML5 命名字符引用 [#]_ 映射到等效的 Unicode 字符的字典，例如 ``html5['gt;'] == '>'``。 " +"请注意，尾随的分号包含在名称中（例如 ``'gt;'`` ），但是即使没有分号，一些名称也会被标准接受，在这种情况下，名称出现时带有和不带有 " +"``';'``。另见 :func:`html.unescape`。" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:31 +msgid "" +"A dictionary mapping XHTML 1.0 entity definitions to their replacement text " +"in ISO Latin-1." +msgstr "将 XHTML 1.0 实体定义映射到 ISO Latin-1 中的替换文本的字典。" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:37 +msgid "A dictionary that maps HTML4 entity names to the Unicode code points." +msgstr "一个将 HTML4 实体名称映射到 Unicode 代码点的字典。" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:42 +msgid "A dictionary that maps Unicode code points to HTML4 entity names." +msgstr "一个将 Unicode 代码点映射到 HTML4 实体名称的字典。" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:46 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/html.entities.rst:47 +msgid "" +"See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/named-characters.html#named-" +"character-references" +msgstr "" +"参见 https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/named-characters.html#named-" +"character-references" diff --git a/library/html.parser.po b/library/html.parser.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..954459786 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/html.parser.po @@ -0,0 +1,615 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# cdarlint , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!html.parser` --- Simple HTML and XHTML parser" +msgstr ":mod:`!html.parser` --- 简单的 HTML 和 XHTML 解析器" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/html/parser.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/html/parser.py`" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module defines a class :class:`HTMLParser` which serves as the basis " +"for parsing text files formatted in HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) and " +"XHTML." +msgstr "这个模块定义了一个 :class:`HTMLParser` 类，为 HTML（超文本标记语言）和 XHTML 文本文件解析提供基础。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:20 +msgid "Create a parser instance able to parse invalid markup." +msgstr "创建一个能解析无效标记的解析器实例。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:22 +msgid "" +"If *convert_charrefs* is ``True`` (the default), all character references " +"(except the ones in ``script``/``style`` elements) are automatically " +"converted to the corresponding Unicode characters." +msgstr "" +"如果 *convert_charrefs* 为 ``True`` (默认值)，则所有字符引用( ``script``/``style`` " +"元素中的除外)都会自动转换为相应的 Unicode 字符。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:26 +msgid "" +"An :class:`.HTMLParser` instance is fed HTML data and calls handler methods " +"when start tags, end tags, text, comments, and other markup elements are " +"encountered. The user should subclass :class:`.HTMLParser` and override its" +" methods to implement the desired behavior." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`.HTMLParser` 类的实例用来接受 HTML " +"数据，并在标记开始、标记结束、文本、注释和其他元素标记出现的时候调用对应的方法。要实现具体的行为，请使用 :class:`.HTMLParser` " +"的子类并重写其方法。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:31 +msgid "" +"This parser does not check that end tags match start tags or call the end-" +"tag handler for elements which are closed implicitly by closing an outer " +"element." +msgstr "这个解析器不检查结束标记是否与开始标记匹配，也不会因外层元素完毕而隐式关闭了的元素引发结束标记处理。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:34 +msgid "*convert_charrefs* keyword argument added." +msgstr "*convert_charrefs* 关键字参数被添加。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:37 +msgid "The default value for argument *convert_charrefs* is now ``True``." +msgstr "*convert_charrefs* 参数的默认值现在为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:42 +msgid "Example HTML Parser Application" +msgstr "HTML 解析器的示例程序" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:44 +msgid "" +"As a basic example, below is a simple HTML parser that uses the " +":class:`HTMLParser` class to print out start tags, end tags, and data as " +"they are encountered::" +msgstr "" +"下面是简单的 HTML 解析器的一个基本示例，使用 :class:`HTMLParser` 类，当遇到开始标记、结束标记以及数据的时候将内容打印出来。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:48 +msgid "" +"from html.parser import HTMLParser\n" +"\n" +"class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):\n" +" def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):\n" +" print(\"Encountered a start tag:\", tag)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_endtag(self, tag):\n" +" print(\"Encountered an end tag :\", tag)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_data(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Encountered some data :\", data)\n" +"\n" +"parser = MyHTMLParser()\n" +"parser.feed('Test'\n" +" '

Parse me!

')" +msgstr "" +"from html.parser import HTMLParser\n" +"\n" +"class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):\n" +" def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):\n" +" print(\"Encountered a start tag:\", tag)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_endtag(self, tag):\n" +" print(\"Encountered an end tag :\", tag)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_data(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Encountered some data :\", data)\n" +"\n" +"parser = MyHTMLParser()\n" +"parser.feed('Test'\n" +" '

Parse me!

')" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:64 +msgid "The output will then be:" +msgstr "输出是:" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Encountered a start tag: html\n" +"Encountered a start tag: head\n" +"Encountered a start tag: title\n" +"Encountered some data : Test\n" +"Encountered an end tag : title\n" +"Encountered an end tag : head\n" +"Encountered a start tag: body\n" +"Encountered a start tag: h1\n" +"Encountered some data : Parse me!\n" +"Encountered an end tag : h1\n" +"Encountered an end tag : body\n" +"Encountered an end tag : html" +msgstr "" +"Encountered a start tag: html\n" +"Encountered a start tag: head\n" +"Encountered a start tag: title\n" +"Encountered some data : Test\n" +"Encountered an end tag : title\n" +"Encountered an end tag : head\n" +"Encountered a start tag: body\n" +"Encountered a start tag: h1\n" +"Encountered some data : Parse me!\n" +"Encountered an end tag : h1\n" +"Encountered an end tag : body\n" +"Encountered an end tag : html" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:83 +msgid ":class:`.HTMLParser` Methods" +msgstr ":class:`.HTMLParser` 方法" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:85 +msgid ":class:`HTMLParser` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`HTMLParser` 实例有下列方法：" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Feed some text to the parser. It is processed insofar as it consists of " +"complete elements; incomplete data is buffered until more data is fed or " +":meth:`close` is called. *data* must be :class:`str`." +msgstr "" +"填充一些文本到解析器中。如果包含完整的元素，则被处理；如果数据不完整，将被缓冲直到更多的数据被填充，或者 :meth:`close` " +"被调用。*data* 必须为 :class:`str` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Force processing of all buffered data as if it were followed by an end-of-" +"file mark. This method may be redefined by a derived class to define " +"additional processing at the end of the input, but the redefined version " +"should always call the :class:`HTMLParser` base class method :meth:`close`." +msgstr "" +"如同后面跟着一个文件结束标记一样，强制处理所有缓冲数据。这个方法能被派生类重新定义，用于在输入的末尾定义附加处理，但是重定义的版本应当始终调用基类 " +":class:`HTMLParser` 的 :meth:`close` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Reset the instance. Loses all unprocessed data. This is called implicitly " +"at instantiation time." +msgstr "重置实例。丢失所有未处理的数据。在实例化阶段被隐式调用。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:111 +msgid "Return current line number and offset." +msgstr "返回当前行号和偏移值。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Return the text of the most recently opened start tag. This should not " +"normally be needed for structured processing, but may be useful in dealing " +"with HTML \"as deployed\" or for re-generating input with minimal changes " +"(whitespace between attributes can be preserved, etc.)." +msgstr "" +"返回最近打开的开始标记中的文本。 结构化处理时通常应该不需要这个，但在处理“已部署”的 HTML " +"或是在以最小改变来重新生成输入时可能会有用处（例如可以保留属性间的空格等）。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:122 +msgid "" +"The following methods are called when data or markup elements are " +"encountered and they are meant to be overridden in a subclass. The base " +"class implementations do nothing (except for " +":meth:`~HTMLParser.handle_startendtag`):" +msgstr "" +"下列方法将在遇到数据或者标记元素的时候被调用。他们需要在子类中重写。基类的实现中没有任何实际操作（除了 " +":meth:`~HTMLParser.handle_startendtag` ）：" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:129 +msgid "" +"This method is called to handle the start tag of an element (e.g. ``
``)." +msgstr "调用此方法来处理一个元素的开始标记 (例如 ``
``)。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:131 +msgid "" +"The *tag* argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case. The " +"*attrs* argument is a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs containing the " +"attributes found inside the tag's ``<>`` brackets. The *name* will be " +"translated to lower case, and quotes in the *value* have been removed, and " +"character and entity references have been replaced." +msgstr "" +"*tag* 参数是小写的标记名。*attrs* 参数是一个 ``(name, value)`` 形式的列表，包含了所有在标记的 ``<>`` " +"括号中找到的属性。*name* 转换为小写，*value* 的引号被去除，字符和实体引用都会被替换。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:137 +msgid "" +"For instance, for the tag ````, this method " +"would be called as ``handle_starttag('a', [('href', " +"'https://www.cwi.nl/')])``." +msgstr "" +"实例中，对于标签 ````，这个方法将以下列形式被调用 " +"``handle_starttag('a', [('href', 'https://www.cwi.nl/')])`` 。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:140 +msgid "" +"All entity references from :mod:`html.entities` are replaced in the " +"attribute values." +msgstr ":mod:`html.entities` 中的所有实体引用，会被替换为属性值。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:146 +msgid "" +"This method is called to handle the end tag of an element (e.g. ``
``)." +msgstr "此方法被用来处理元素的结束标记（例如： ``
`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:148 +msgid "The *tag* argument is the name of the tag converted to lower case." +msgstr "*tag* 参数是小写的标签名。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`handle_starttag`, but called when the parser encounters an" +" XHTML-style empty tag (````). This method may be overridden by " +"subclasses which require this particular lexical information; the default " +"implementation simply calls :meth:`handle_starttag` and " +":meth:`handle_endtag`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`handle_starttag`, 只是在解析器遇到 XHTML 样式的空标记时被调用（ ````）。这个方法能被需要这种特殊词法信息的子类重写；默认实现仅简单调用 :meth:`handle_starttag` 和 " +":meth:`handle_endtag` 。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:161 +msgid "" +"This method is called to process arbitrary data (e.g. text nodes and the " +"content of ```` and ````)." +msgstr "" +"这个方法被用来处理任意数据（例如：文本节点和 ```` 以及 ```` " +"中的内容）。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:167 +msgid "" +"This method is called to process a named character reference of the form " +"``&name;`` (e.g. ``>``), where *name* is a general entity reference (e.g." +" ``'gt'``). This method is never called if *convert_charrefs* is ``True``." +msgstr "" +"这个方法被用于处理 ``&name;`` 形式的命名字符引用（例如 ``>``），其中 *name* 是通用的实体引用（例如： " +"``'gt'``）。如果 *convert_charrefs* 为 ``True``，该方法永远不会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:175 +msgid "" +"This method is called to process decimal and hexadecimal numeric character " +"references of the form :samp:`&#{NNN};` and :samp:`&#x{NNN};`. For example," +" the decimal equivalent for ``>`` is ``>``, whereas the hexadecimal " +"is ``>``; in this case the method will receive ``'62'`` or ``'x3E'``. " +"This method is never called if *convert_charrefs* is ``True``." +msgstr "" +"调用该方法来处理 :samp:`&#{NNN};` 和 :samp:`&#x{NNN};` 形式的十进制和十六进制数字字符引用。 例如，``>``" +" 的等价十进制形式为 ``>``，而十六进制形式则为 ``>``；在这种情况下，该方法将收到 ``'62'`` 或 " +"``'x3E'``。如果 *convert_charrefs* 为 ``True``，则此方法永远不会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:184 +msgid "" +"This method is called when a comment is encountered (e.g. ````)." +msgstr "这个方法在遇到注释的时候被调用（例如： ```` ）。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:186 +msgid "" +"For example, the comment ```` will cause this method to be " +"called with the argument ``' comment '``." +msgstr "例如， ```` 这个注释会用 ``' comment '`` 作为参数调用此方法。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:189 +msgid "" +"The content of Internet Explorer conditional comments (condcoms) will also " +"be sent to this method, so, for ````, this method will receive ``'[if IE 9]>IE9-specific " +"contentIE9-specific content`` ，这个方法将接收到 ``'[if IE 9]>IE9-specific " +"content``)." +msgstr "这个方法用来处理 HTML doctype 申明（例如 ```` ）。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:199 +msgid "" +"The *decl* parameter will be the entire contents of the declaration inside " +"the ```` markup (e.g. ``'DOCTYPE html'``)." +msgstr "*decl* 形参为 ```` 标记中的所有内容（例如： ``'DOCTYPE html'`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Method called when a processing instruction is encountered. The *data* " +"parameter will contain the entire processing instruction. For example, for " +"the processing instruction ````, this method would be " +"called as ``handle_pi(\"proc color='red'\")``. It is intended to be " +"overridden by a derived class; the base class implementation does nothing." +msgstr "" +"此方法在遇到处理指令的时候被调用。*data* 形参将包含整个处理指令。例如，对于处理指令 ```` " +"，这个方法将以 ``handle_pi(\"proc color='red'\")`` 形式被调用。它旨在被派生类重写；基类实现中无任何实际操作。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:213 +msgid "" +"The :class:`HTMLParser` class uses the SGML syntactic rules for processing " +"instructions. An XHTML processing instruction using the trailing ``'?'`` " +"will cause the ``'?'`` to be included in *data*." +msgstr "" +":class:`HTMLParser` 类使用 SGML 语法规则处理指令。使用 ``'?'`` 结尾的 XHTML 处理指令将导致 ``'?'`` " +"包含在 *data* 中。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:220 +msgid "" +"This method is called when an unrecognized declaration is read by the " +"parser." +msgstr "当解析器读到无法识别的声明时，此方法被调用。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:222 +msgid "" +"The *data* parameter will be the entire contents of the declaration inside " +"the ```` markup. It is sometimes useful to be overridden by a " +"derived class. The base class implementation does nothing." +msgstr "*data* 形参为 ```` 标记中的所有内容。某些时候对派生类的重写很有用。基类实现中无任何实际操作。" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:230 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:232 +msgid "" +"The following class implements a parser that will be used to illustrate more" +" examples::" +msgstr "下面的类实现了一个解析器，用于更多示例的演示::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:235 +msgid "" +"from html.parser import HTMLParser\n" +"from html.entities import name2codepoint\n" +"\n" +"class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):\n" +" def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):\n" +" print(\"Start tag:\", tag)\n" +" for attr in attrs:\n" +" print(\" attr:\", attr)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_endtag(self, tag):\n" +" print(\"End tag :\", tag)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_data(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Data :\", data)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_comment(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Comment :\", data)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_entityref(self, name):\n" +" c = chr(name2codepoint[name])\n" +" print(\"Named ent:\", c)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_charref(self, name):\n" +" if name.startswith('x'):\n" +" c = chr(int(name[1:], 16))\n" +" else:\n" +" c = chr(int(name))\n" +" print(\"Num ent :\", c)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_decl(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Decl :\", data)\n" +"\n" +"parser = MyHTMLParser()" +msgstr "" +"from html.parser import HTMLParser\n" +"from html.entities import name2codepoint\n" +"\n" +"class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):\n" +" def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):\n" +" print(\"Start tag:\", tag)\n" +" for attr in attrs:\n" +" print(\" attr:\", attr)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_endtag(self, tag):\n" +" print(\"End tag :\", tag)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_data(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Data :\", data)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_comment(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Comment :\", data)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_entityref(self, name):\n" +" c = chr(name2codepoint[name])\n" +" print(\"Named ent:\", c)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_charref(self, name):\n" +" if name.startswith('x'):\n" +" c = chr(int(name[1:], 16))\n" +" else:\n" +" c = chr(int(name))\n" +" print(\"Num ent :\", c)\n" +"\n" +" def handle_decl(self, data):\n" +" print(\"Decl :\", data)\n" +"\n" +"parser = MyHTMLParser()" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:269 +msgid "Parsing a doctype::" +msgstr "解析一个文档类型声明::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:271 +msgid "" +">>> parser.feed('')\n" +"Decl : DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\"" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.feed('')\n" +"Decl : DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\"" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:275 +msgid "Parsing an element with a few attributes and a title::" +msgstr "解析一个具有一些属性和标题的元素::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:277 +msgid "" +">>> parser.feed('\"The')\n" +"Start tag: img\n" +" attr: ('src', 'python-logo.png')\n" +" attr: ('alt', 'The Python logo')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> parser.feed('

Python

')\n" +"Start tag: h1\n" +"Data : Python\n" +"End tag : h1" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.feed('\"The')\n" +"Start tag: img\n" +" attr: ('src', 'python-logo.png')\n" +" attr: ('alt', 'The Python logo')\n" +">>>\n" +">>> parser.feed('

Python

')\n" +"Start tag: h1\n" +"Data : Python\n" +"End tag : h1" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The content of ``script`` and ``style`` elements is returned as is, without " +"further parsing::" +msgstr "``script`` 和 ``style`` 元素中的内容原样返回，无需进一步解析::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:290 +msgid "" +">>> parser.feed('')\n" +"Start tag: style\n" +" attr: ('type', 'text/css')\n" +"Data : #python { color: green }\n" +"End tag : style\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.feed('')\n" +"Start tag: script\n" +" attr: ('type', 'text/javascript')\n" +"Data : alert(\"hello!\");\n" +"End tag : script" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.feed('')\n" +"Start tag: style\n" +" attr: ('type', 'text/css')\n" +"Data : #python { color: green }\n" +"End tag : style\n" +"\n" +">>> parser.feed('')\n" +"Start tag: script\n" +" attr: ('type', 'text/javascript')\n" +"Data : alert(\"hello!\");\n" +"End tag : script" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:303 +msgid "Parsing comments::" +msgstr "解析注释::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:305 +msgid "" +">>> parser.feed(''\n" +"... '')\n" +"Comment : a comment\n" +"Comment : [if IE 9]>IE-specific content>> parser.feed(''\n" +"... '')\n" +"Comment : a comment\n" +"Comment : [if IE 9]>IE-specific content'``)::" +msgstr "解析命名或数字形式的字符引用，并把他们转换到正确的字符（注意：这 3 种转义都是 ``'>'`` ）::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:313 +msgid "" +">>> parser.feed('>>>')\n" +"Named ent: >\n" +"Num ent : >\n" +"Num ent : >" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.feed('>>>')\n" +"Named ent: >\n" +"Num ent : >\n" +"Num ent : >" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Feeding incomplete chunks to :meth:`~HTMLParser.feed` works, but " +":meth:`~HTMLParser.handle_data` might be called more than once (unless " +"*convert_charrefs* is set to ``True``)::" +msgstr "" +"填充不完整的块给 :meth:`~HTMLParser.feed` 执行，:meth:`~HTMLParser.handle_data` " +"可能会多次调用（除非 *convert_charrefs* 被设置为 ``True`` ）::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:322 +msgid "" +">>> for chunk in ['buff', 'ered ', 'text']:\n" +"... parser.feed(chunk)\n" +"...\n" +"Start tag: span\n" +"Data : buff\n" +"Data : ered\n" +"Data : text\n" +"End tag : span" +msgstr "" +">>> for chunk in ['buff', 'ered ', 'text']:\n" +"... parser.feed(chunk)\n" +"...\n" +"Start tag: span\n" +"Data : buff\n" +"Data : ered\n" +"Data : text\n" +"End tag : span" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:331 +msgid "Parsing invalid HTML (e.g. unquoted attributes) also works::" +msgstr "解析无效的 HTML (例如：未引用的属性）也能正常运行::" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:333 +msgid "" +">>> parser.feed('

tag soup

')\n" +"Start tag: p\n" +"Start tag: a\n" +" attr: ('class', 'link')\n" +" attr: ('href', '#main')\n" +"Data : tag soup\n" +"End tag : p\n" +"End tag : a" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.feed('

tag soup

')\n" +"Start tag: p\n" +"Start tag: a\n" +" attr: ('class', 'link')\n" +" attr: ('href', '#main')\n" +"Data : tag soup\n" +"End tag : p\n" +"End tag : a" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:9 +msgid "HTML" +msgstr "HTML" + +#: ../../library/html.parser.rst:9 +msgid "XHTML" +msgstr "XHTML" diff --git a/library/html.po b/library/html.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1e434b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/html.po @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!html` --- HyperText Markup Language support" +msgstr ":mod:`!html` --- 超文本标记语言支持" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/html/__init__.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/html/__init__.py`" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:11 +msgid "This module defines utilities to manipulate HTML." +msgstr "该模块定义了操作HTML的工具。" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Convert the characters ``&``, ``<`` and ``>`` in string *s* to HTML-safe " +"sequences. Use this if you need to display text that might contain such " +"characters in HTML. If the optional flag *quote* is true, the characters " +"(``\"``) and (``'``) are also translated; this helps for inclusion in an " +"HTML attribute value delimited by quotes, as in ````." +msgstr "" +"将字符串 *s* 中的字符 ``&`` 、 ``<`` 和 ``>`` 转换为安全的HTML序列。 如果需要在 HTML " +"中显示可能包含此类字符的文本，请使用此选项。 如果可选的标志 *quote* 为真值，则字符 (``\"``) 和 (``'``) " +"也被转换；这有助于包含在由引号分隔的 HTML 属性中，如 ````。" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Convert all named and numeric character references (e.g. ``>``, " +"``>``, ``>``) in the string *s* to the corresponding Unicode " +"characters. This function uses the rules defined by the HTML 5 standard for" +" both valid and invalid character references, and the :data:`list of HTML 5 " +"named character references `." +msgstr "" +"将字符串 *s* 中的所有命名和数字字符引用 (例如 ``>``, ``>``, ``>``) 转换为相应的Unicode字符。" +" 此函数使用HTML 5标准为有效和无效字符引用定义的规则，以及 :data:`HTML 5 命名字符引用列表 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:36 +msgid "Submodules in the ``html`` package are:" +msgstr "``html`` 包中的子模块是：" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:38 +msgid ":mod:`html.parser` -- HTML/XHTML parser with lenient parsing mode" +msgstr ":mod:`html.parser` —— 具有宽松解析模式的HTML / XHTML解析器" + +#: ../../library/html.rst:39 +msgid ":mod:`html.entities` -- HTML entity definitions" +msgstr ":mod:`html.entities` -- HTML 实体定义" diff --git a/library/http.client.po b/library/http.client.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8581766f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/http.client.po @@ -0,0 +1,964 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# Sonny <758896823@qq.com>, 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# chen_chao , 2021 +# Claude Manchester , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:07+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!http.client` --- HTTP protocol client" +msgstr ":mod:`!http.client` --- HTTP 协议客户端" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/http/client.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/http/client.py`" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:17 +msgid "" +"This module defines classes that implement the client side of the HTTP and " +"HTTPS protocols. It is normally not used directly --- the module " +":mod:`urllib.request` uses it to handle URLs that use HTTP and HTTPS." +msgstr "" +"这个模块定义了实现 HTTP 和 HTTPS 协议客户端的类。 它通常不直接使用 --- 模块 :mod:`urllib.request` " +"会用它来处理使用 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的 URL。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The `Requests package `_ is " +"recommended for a higher-level HTTP client interface." +msgstr "" +"对于更高层级的 HTTP 客户端接口，建议使用 `Requests 包 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:28 +msgid "" +"HTTPS support is only available if Python was compiled with SSL support " +"(through the :mod:`ssl` module)." +msgstr "HTTPS 支持仅在编译 Python 时启用了 SSL 支持的情况下（通过 :mod:`ssl` 模块）可用。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:33 +msgid "The module provides the following classes:" +msgstr "该模块支持以下类：" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:39 +msgid "" +"An :class:`HTTPConnection` instance represents one transaction with an HTTP " +"server. It should be instantiated by passing it a host and optional port " +"number. If no port number is passed, the port is extracted from the host " +"string if it has the form ``host:port``, else the default HTTP port (80) is " +"used. If the optional *timeout* parameter is given, blocking operations " +"(like connection attempts) will timeout after that many seconds (if it is " +"not given, the global default timeout setting is used). The optional " +"*source_address* parameter may be a tuple of a (host, port) to use as the " +"source address the HTTP connection is made from. The optional *blocksize* " +"parameter sets the buffer size in bytes for sending a file-like message " +"body." +msgstr "" +":class:`HTTPConnection` 的实例代表与 HTTP 服务器的一个连接事务。 它在实例化时应当传入一个主机和可选的端口号。 " +"若未传入端口号，则如果主机字符串的形式为 ``host:port`` 则会从中提取端口，否则将使用默认的 HTTP 端口（80）。 如果给出了可选的 " +"*timeout* 形参，则阻塞操作（如连接尝试）将在指定的秒数之后超时（如果未给出，则使用全局默认超时设置）。 可选的 " +"*source_address* 形参可以是一个 (host, port) 元组，用作进行 HTTP 连接的源地址。 可选的 *blocksize* " +"形参以字节为单位设置缓冲区的大小，用来发送文件类消息体。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:51 +msgid "" +"For example, the following calls all create instances that connect to the " +"server at the same host and port::" +msgstr "举个例子，以下调用都是创建连接到同一主机和端口的服务器的实例：" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:54 +msgid "" +">>> h1 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org')\n" +">>> h2 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org:80')\n" +">>> h3 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org', 80)\n" +">>> h4 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org', 80, timeout=10)" +msgstr "" +">>> h1 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org')\n" +">>> h2 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org:80')\n" +">>> h3 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org', 80)\n" +">>> h4 = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org', 80, timeout=10)" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:59 +msgid "*source_address* was added." +msgstr "添加了*source_address* 参数" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:62 +msgid "" +"The *strict* parameter was removed. HTTP 0.9-style \"Simple Responses\" are" +" no longer supported." +msgstr "移除了 *strict* 形参。 不再支持 HTTP 0.9 风格的“简单响应”。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:66 +msgid "*blocksize* parameter was added." +msgstr "添加了 *blocksize* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:74 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`HTTPConnection` that uses SSL for communication with " +"secure servers. Default port is ``443``. If *context* is specified, it " +"must be a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance describing the various SSL " +"options." +msgstr "" +":class:`HTTPConnection` 的子类，使用 SSL 与安全服务器进行通信。 默认端口为 ``443``。 如果指定了 " +"*context*，它必须为一个描述 SSL 各选项的 :class:`ssl.SSLContext` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Please read :ref:`ssl-security` for more information on best practices." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`ssl-security` 了解有关最佳实践的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:81 +msgid "*source_address*, *context* and *check_hostname* were added." +msgstr "添加了 *source_address*, *context* 和 *check_hostname*。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:84 +msgid "" +"This class now supports HTTPS virtual hosts if possible (that is, if " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI` is true)." +msgstr "这个类现在会在可能的情况下（即当 :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI` 为真值时）支持 HTTPS 虚拟主机。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The *strict* parameter was removed. HTTP 0.9-style \"Simple Responses\" are " +"no longer supported." +msgstr "删除了 *strict* 参数，不再支持 HTTP 0.9 风格的“简单响应”。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:92 +msgid "" +"This class now performs all the necessary certificate and hostname checks by" +" default. To revert to the previous, unverified, behavior " +":func:`!ssl._create_unverified_context` can be passed to the *context* " +"parameter." +msgstr "" +"目前这个类在默认情况下会执行所有必要的证书和主机检查。 要回复到先前的非验证行为，可以将 " +":func:`!ssl._create_unverified_context` 传给 *context* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:98 +msgid "" +"This class now enables TLS 1.3 :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth` " +"for the default *context* or when *cert_file* is passed with a custom " +"*context*." +msgstr "" +"该类现在对于默认的 *context* 或在传入 *cert_file* 并附带自定义 *context* 时会启用 TLS 1.3 " +":attr:`ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth`。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:103 +msgid "" +"This class now sends an ALPN extension with protocol indicator ``http/1.1`` " +"when no *context* is given. Custom *context* should set ALPN protocols with " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols`." +msgstr "" +"现在这个类在未给出 *context* 的时候会发送一个带有协议指示符 ``http/1.1`` 的 ALPN 扩展。 自定义 *context* " +"应当使用 :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols` 来设置 ALPN 协议。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:108 +msgid "" +"The deprecated *key_file*, *cert_file* and *check_hostname* parameters have " +"been removed." +msgstr "已弃用的 *key_file*, *cert_file* 和 *check_hostname* 形参已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Class whose instances are returned upon successful connection. Not " +"instantiated directly by user." +msgstr "在成功连接后返回类的实例，而不是由用户直接实例化。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The *strict* parameter was removed. HTTP 0.9 style \"Simple Responses\" are " +"no longer supported." +msgstr "删除了 *strict* 参数，不再支持HTTP 0.9 风格的“简单响应”。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:122 +msgid "This module provides the following function:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Parse the headers from a file pointer *fp* representing a HTTP " +"request/response. The file has to be a :class:`~io.BufferedIOBase` reader " +"(i.e. not text) and must provide a valid :rfc:`2822` style header." +msgstr "" +"从一个代表 HTTP 请求/响应的文件指针 *fp* 解析标头。 该文件必须是一个 :class:`~io.BufferedIOBase` " +"读取器（即不为文本）并且必须提供有效的 :rfc:`2822` 样式标头。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:130 +msgid "" +"This function returns an instance of :class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` that " +"holds the header fields, but no payload (the same as " +":attr:`HTTPResponse.msg` and " +":attr:`http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.headers`). After returning, the " +"file pointer *fp* is ready to read the HTTP body." +msgstr "" +"该函数返回 :class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` 的实例，带有头部各个字段，但不带正文数据（与 " +":attr:`HTTPResponse.msg` 和 " +":attr:`http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.headers` 一样）。返回之后，文件指针 *fp* 已为读取 " +"HTTP 正文做好准备了。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:137 +msgid "" +":meth:`parse_headers` does not parse the start-line of a HTTP message; it " +"only parses the ``Name: value`` lines. The file has to be ready to read " +"these field lines, so the first line should already be consumed before " +"calling the function." +msgstr "" +":meth:`parse_headers` 不会解析 HTTP 消息的开始行；只会解析各 ``Name: value`` " +"行。文件必须为读取这些字段做好准备，所以在调用该函数之前，第一行应该已经被读取过了。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:142 +msgid "The following exceptions are raised as appropriate:" +msgstr "下列异常可以适当地被引发:" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:147 +msgid "" +"The base class of the other exceptions in this module. It is a subclass of " +":exc:`Exception`." +msgstr "此模块中其他异常的基类。 它是 :exc:`Exception` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:153 ../../library/http.client.rst:164 +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:169 ../../library/http.client.rst:174 +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:179 ../../library/http.client.rst:184 +msgid "A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`." +msgstr ":exc:`HTTPException` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:158 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`, raised if a port is given and is either " +"non-numeric or empty." +msgstr ":exc:`HTTPException` 的一个子类，如果给出了一个非数字或为空值的端口就会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:189 ../../library/http.client.rst:194 +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:199 +msgid "A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`." +msgstr ":exc:`ImproperConnectionState` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:204 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. Raised if a server responds with a HTTP" +" status code that we don't understand." +msgstr ":exc:`HTTPException` 的一个子类。 如果服务器反馈了一个我们不理解的 HTTP 状态码就会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:210 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. Raised if an excessively long line is " +"received in the HTTP protocol from the server." +msgstr ":exc:`HTTPException` 的一个子类。 如果在 HTTP 协议中从服务器接收到过长的行就会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:216 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionResetError` and :exc:`BadStatusLine`. Raised " +"by :meth:`HTTPConnection.getresponse` when the attempt to read the response " +"results in no data read from the connection, indicating that the remote end " +"has closed the connection." +msgstr "" +":exc:`ConnectionResetError` 和 :exc:`BadStatusLine` 的一个子类。 " +"当尝试读取响应时的结果是未从连接读取到数据时由 :meth:`HTTPConnection.getresponse` 引发，表明远端已关闭连接。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:221 +msgid "Previously, :exc:`BadStatusLine`\\ ``('')`` was raised." +msgstr "在此之前引发的异常为 :exc:`BadStatusLine`\\ ``('')``。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:225 +msgid "The constants defined in this module are:" +msgstr "此模块中定义的常量为：" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:229 +msgid "The default port for the HTTP protocol (always ``80``)." +msgstr "HTTP 协议默认的端口号 (总是 ``80``)。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:233 +msgid "The default port for the HTTPS protocol (always ``443``)." +msgstr "HTTPS 协议默认的端口号 (总是 ``443``)。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:237 +msgid "This dictionary maps the HTTP 1.1 status codes to the W3C names." +msgstr "这个字典把 HTTP 1.1 状态码映射到 W3C 名称。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Example: ``http.client.responses[http.client.NOT_FOUND]`` is ``'Not " +"Found'``." +msgstr "" +"例如：``http.client.responses[http.client.NOT_FOUND]`` 是 ``'NOT FOUND`` （未发现）。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:241 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`http-status-codes` for a list of HTTP status codes that are " +"available in this module as constants." +msgstr "本模块中可用的 HTTP 状态码常量可以参见 :ref:`http-status-codes` 。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:248 +msgid "HTTPConnection Objects" +msgstr "HTTPConnection 对象" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:250 +msgid ":class:`HTTPConnection` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`HTTPConnection` 实例拥有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:256 +msgid "" +"This will send a request to the server using the HTTP request method " +"*method* and the request URI *url*. The provided *url* must be an absolute " +"path to conform with :rfc:`RFC 2616 §5.1.2 <2616#section-5.1.2>` (unless " +"connecting to an HTTP proxy server or using the ``OPTIONS`` or ``CONNECT`` " +"methods)." +msgstr "" +"这将使用 HTTP 请求方法 *method* 和请求 URI *url* 将服务器发送一个请求。 所提供的 *url* 必须是符合 :rfc:`RFC" +" 2616 §5.1.2 <2616#section-5.1.2>` 规范的绝对路径（除非是连接到一个 HTTP 代理服务器或者使用 " +"``OPTIONS`` 或 ``CONNECT`` 方法）。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:262 +msgid "" +"If *body* is specified, the specified data is sent after the headers are " +"finished. It may be a :class:`str`, a :term:`bytes-like object`, an open " +":term:`file object`, or an iterable of :class:`bytes`. If *body* is a " +"string, it is encoded as ISO-8859-1, the default for HTTP. If it is a " +"bytes-like object, the bytes are sent as is. If it is a :term:`file " +"object`, the contents of the file is sent; this file object should support " +"at least the ``read()`` method. If the file object is an instance of " +":class:`io.TextIOBase`, the data returned by the ``read()`` method will be " +"encoded as ISO-8859-1, otherwise the data returned by ``read()`` is sent as " +"is. If *body* is an iterable, the elements of the iterable are sent as is " +"until the iterable is exhausted." +msgstr "" +"如果给定 *body*，那么给定的数据会在信息头完成之后发送。它可能是一个 :class:`字符串`，一个 :term:`bytes-like " +"object`，一个打开的 :term:`file object`，或者 :class:`bytes` 迭代器。如果 *body* 是字符串，它会按 " +"HTTP 默认的 ISO-8859-1 编码。如果是一个字节类对象，它会按原样发送。如果是 :term:`file " +"object`，文件的内容会被发送，这个文件对象应该至少支持 ``read()`` 方法。如果这个文件对象是一个 " +":class:`io.TextIOBase` 实例，由 ``read()`` 方法返回的数据会按 ISO-8859-1 编码，否则由 " +"``read()`` 方法返回的数据会按原样发送。如果 *body* 是一个迭代器，迭代器中的元素会被发送，直到迭代器耗尽。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:274 +msgid "" +"The *headers* argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send " +"with the request. A :rfc:`Host header <2616#section-14.23>` must be provided" +" to conform with :rfc:`RFC 2616 §5.1.2 <2616#section-5.1.2>` (unless " +"connecting to an HTTP proxy server or using the ``OPTIONS`` or ``CONNECT`` " +"methods)." +msgstr "" +"*headers* 参数应为由要与请求一同发送的额外 HTTP 标头组成的映射。 必须提供一个 :rfc:`主机标头 " +"<2616#section-14.23>` 以符合 :rfc:`RFC 2616 §5.1.2 <2616#section-5.1.2>` " +"规范（除非是连接到一个 HTTP 代理服务器或者使用 ``OPTIONS`` 或 ``CONNECT`` 方法）。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:280 +msgid "" +"If *headers* contains neither Content-Length nor Transfer-Encoding, but " +"there is a request body, one of those header fields will be added " +"automatically. If *body* is ``None``, the Content-Length header is set to " +"``0`` for methods that expect a body (``PUT``, ``POST``, and ``PATCH``). If" +" *body* is a string or a bytes-like object that is not also a :term:`file " +"`, the Content-Length header is set to its length. Any other " +"type of *body* (files and iterables in general) will be chunk-encoded, and " +"the Transfer-Encoding header will automatically be set instead of Content-" +"Length." +msgstr "" +"如果 *headers* 既不包含 Content-Length 也没有 Transfer-" +"Encoding，但存在请求正文，那么这些头字段中的一个会自动设定。如果 *body* 是 ``None``，那么对于要求正文的方法 " +"(``PUT``，``POST``，和 ``PATCH``)，Content-Length 头会被设为 ``0``。如果 *body* " +"是字符串或者类似字节的对象，并且也不是 :term:`文件`，Content-Length 头会设为正文的长度。任何其他类型的" +" *body* （一般是文件或迭代器）会按块编码，这时会自动设定 Transfer-Encoding 头以代替 Content-Length。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:292 +msgid "" +"The *encode_chunked* argument is only relevant if Transfer-Encoding is " +"specified in *headers*. If *encode_chunked* is ``False``, the " +"HTTPConnection object assumes that all encoding is handled by the calling " +"code. If it is ``True``, the body will be chunk-encoded." +msgstr "" +"在 *headers* 中指定 Transfer-Encoding 时， *encode_chunked* 是唯一相关的参数。如果 " +"*encode_chunked* 为 ``False``，HTTPConnection 对象会假定所有的编码都由调用代码处理。如果为 " +"``True``，正文会按块编码。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:297 +msgid "" +"For example, to perform a ``GET`` request to " +"``https://docs.python.org/3/``::" +msgstr "例如，要对 ``https://docs.python.org/3/`` 执行一个 ``GET`` 请求::" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:299 +msgid "" +">>> import http.client\n" +">>> host = \"docs.python.org\"\n" +">>> conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(host)\n" +">>> conn.request(\"GET\", \"/3/\", headers={\"Host\": host})\n" +">>> response = conn.getresponse()\n" +">>> print(response.status, response.reason)\n" +"200 OK" +msgstr "" +">>> import http.client\n" +">>> host = \"docs.python.org\"\n" +">>> conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(host)\n" +">>> conn.request(\"GET\", \"/3/\", headers={\"Host\": host})\n" +">>> response = conn.getresponse()\n" +">>> print(response.status, response.reason)\n" +"200 OK" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:308 +msgid "" +"Chunked transfer encoding has been added to the HTTP protocol version 1.1. " +"Unless the HTTP server is known to handle HTTP 1.1, the caller must either " +"specify the Content-Length, or must pass a :class:`str` or bytes-like object" +" that is not also a file as the body representation." +msgstr "" +"HTTP 协议在 1.1 版中添加了块传输编码。除非明确知道 HTTP 服务器可以处理 HTTP 1.1，调用者要么必须指定 Content-" +"Length，要么必须传入 :class:`str` 或字节类对象，注意该对象不能是表达 body 的文件。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:314 +msgid "*body* can now be an iterable." +msgstr "*body* 现在可以是可迭代对象了。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:317 +msgid "" +"If neither Content-Length nor Transfer-Encoding are set in *headers*, file " +"and iterable *body* objects are now chunk-encoded. The *encode_chunked* " +"argument was added. No attempt is made to determine the Content-Length for " +"file objects." +msgstr "" +"如果 Content-Length 和 Transfer-Encoding 都没有在 *headers* 中设置，文件和可迭代的 *body* " +"对象现在会按块编码。添加了 *encode_chunked* 参数。不会尝试去确定文件对象的 Content-Length。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Should be called after a request is sent to get the response from the " +"server. Returns an :class:`HTTPResponse` instance." +msgstr "应当在发送一个请求从服务器获取响应时被调用。 返回一个 :class:`HTTPResponse` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Note that you must have read the whole response before you can send a new " +"request to the server." +msgstr "请注意你必须在读取了整个响应之后才能向服务器发送新的请求。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:334 +msgid "" +"If a :exc:`ConnectionError` or subclass is raised, the " +":class:`HTTPConnection` object will be ready to reconnect when a new request" +" is sent." +msgstr "" +"如果引发了 :exc:`ConnectionError` 或其子类， :class:`HTTPConnection` " +"对象将在发送新的请求时准备好重新连接。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Set the debugging level. The default debug level is ``0``, meaning no " +"debugging output is printed. Any value greater than ``0`` will cause all " +"currently defined debug output to be printed to stdout. The ``debuglevel`` " +"is passed to any new :class:`HTTPResponse` objects that are created." +msgstr "" +"设置调试等级。 默认的调试等级为 ``0``，意味着不会打印调试输出。 任何大于 ``0`` 的值将使得所有当前定义的调试输出被打印到 stdout。 " +"``debuglevel`` 会被传给任何新创建的 :class:`HTTPResponse` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:352 +msgid "" +"Set the host and the port for HTTP Connect Tunnelling. This allows running " +"the connection through a proxy server." +msgstr "为 HTTP 连接隧道设置主机和端口。 这将允许通过代理服务器运行连接。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:355 +msgid "" +"The *host* and *port* arguments specify the endpoint of the tunneled " +"connection (i.e. the address included in the CONNECT request, *not* the " +"address of the proxy server)." +msgstr "*host* 和 *port* 参数指明隧道连接的端点（即 CONNECT 请求所包含的地址，而 *不是* 代理服务器的地址）。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:359 +msgid "" +"The *headers* argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send " +"with the CONNECT request." +msgstr "*headers* 参数应为一个随 CONNECT 请求发送的额外 HTTP 标头的映射。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:362 +msgid "" +"As HTTP/1.1 is used for HTTP CONNECT tunnelling request, `as per the RFC " +"`_, a HTTP " +"``Host:`` header must be provided, matching the authority-form of the " +"request target provided as the destination for the CONNECT request. If a " +"HTTP ``Host:`` header is not provided via the headers argument, one is " +"generated and transmitted automatically." +msgstr "" +"在 HTTP/1.1 被用于 HTTP CONNECT 隧道请求时，`根据相应的 RFC " +"`_，必须提供一个 HTTP " +"``Host:`` 标头，以匹配作为 CONNECT 请求的目标提供的请求目标 authority-form。 如果未通过 headers 参数提供 " +"HTTP ``Host:`` 标头，则会自动生成并传送一个标头。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:369 +msgid "" +"For example, to tunnel through a HTTPS proxy server running locally on port " +"8080, we would pass the address of the proxy to the :class:`HTTPSConnection`" +" constructor, and the address of the host that we eventually want to reach " +"to the :meth:`~HTTPConnection.set_tunnel` method::" +msgstr "" +"例如，要通过一个运行于本机 8080 端口的 HTTPS 代理服务器隧道，我们应当向 :class:`HTTPSConnection` " +"构造器传入代理的地址，并将我们最终想要访问的主机地址传给 :meth:`~HTTPConnection.set_tunnel` 方法::" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:374 +msgid "" +">>> import http.client\n" +">>> conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(\"localhost\", 8080)\n" +">>> conn.set_tunnel(\"www.python.org\")\n" +">>> conn.request(\"HEAD\",\"/index.html\")" +msgstr "" +">>> import http.client\n" +">>> conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(\"localhost\", 8080)\n" +">>> conn.set_tunnel(\"www.python.org\")\n" +">>> conn.request(\"HEAD\",\"/index.html\")" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:381 +msgid "" +"HTTP CONNECT tunnelling requests use protocol HTTP/1.1, upgraded from " +"protocol HTTP/1.0. ``Host:`` HTTP headers are mandatory for HTTP/1.1, so one" +" will be automatically generated and transmitted if not provided in the " +"headers argument." +msgstr "" +"HTTP CONNECT 隧道请求使用 HTTP/1.1 协议，它是从 HTTP/1.0 协议升级而来。 ``Host:`` HTTP 标头是 " +"HTTP/1.1 所必需的，因此如果未在 headers 参数中提供则会自动生成并传送一个标头。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Returns a dictionary with the headers of the response received from the " +"proxy server to the CONNECT request." +msgstr "返回一个由从代理服务器接收的响应标头映射到 CONNECT 请求的字典。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:393 +msgid "If the CONNECT request was not sent, the method returns ``None``." +msgstr "如果未发送 CONNECT 请求，该方法将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Connect to the server specified when the object was created. By default, " +"this is called automatically when making a request if the client does not " +"already have a connection." +msgstr "当对象被创建后连接到指定的服务器。 默认情况下，如果客户端还未建立连接，此函数会在发送请求时自动被调用。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``http.client.connect`` with " +"arguments ``self``, ``host``, ``port``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``http.client.connect`` 并附带参数 ``self``, " +"``host``, ``port``。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:409 +msgid "Close the connection to the server." +msgstr "关闭到服务器的连接。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:414 +msgid "Buffer size in bytes for sending a file-like message body." +msgstr "用于发送文件类消息体的缓冲区大小。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:419 +msgid "" +"As an alternative to using the :meth:`~HTTPConnection.request` method " +"described above, you can also send your request step by step, by using the " +"four functions below." +msgstr "" +"作为对使用上述 :meth:`~HTTPConnection.request` 方法的替代，你也可以通过使用以下四个函数来一步步地发送你的请求。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:426 +msgid "" +"This should be the first call after the connection to the server has been " +"made. It sends a line to the server consisting of the *method* string, the " +"*url* string, and the HTTP version (``HTTP/1.1``). To disable automatic " +"sending of ``Host:`` or ``Accept-Encoding:`` headers (for example to accept " +"additional content encodings), specify *skip_host* or *skip_accept_encoding*" +" with non-False values." +msgstr "" +"应为连接服务器之后首先调用的函数。将向服务器发送一行数据，包含 *method* 字符串、*url* 字符串和 HTTP " +"版本（``HTTP/1.1``）。若要禁止自动发送 ``Host:`` 或 ``Accept-Encoding:`` " +"头部信息（比如需要接受其他编码格式的内容），请将 *skip_host* 或 *skip_accept_encoding* 设为非 False 值。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Send an :rfc:`822`\\ -style header to the server. It sends a line to the " +"server consisting of the header, a colon and a space, and the first " +"argument. If more arguments are given, continuation lines are sent, each " +"consisting of a tab and an argument." +msgstr "" +"向服务器发送一个 :rfc:`822` 格式的头部。将向服务器发送一行由头、冒号和空格以及第一个参数组成的数据。 " +"如果还给出了其他参数，将在后续行中发送，每行由一个制表符和一个参数组成。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:444 +msgid "" +"Send a blank line to the server, signalling the end of the headers. The " +"optional *message_body* argument can be used to pass a message body " +"associated with the request." +msgstr "向服务器发送一个空行，表示头部文件结束。可选的 *message_body* 参数可用于传入一个与请求相关的消息体。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:448 +msgid "" +"If *encode_chunked* is ``True``, the result of each iteration of " +"*message_body* will be chunk-encoded as specified in :rfc:`7230`, Section " +"3.3.1. How the data is encoded is dependent on the type of *message_body*." +" If *message_body* implements the :ref:`buffer interface ` " +"the encoding will result in a single chunk. If *message_body* is a " +":class:`collections.abc.Iterable`, each iteration of *message_body* will " +"result in a chunk. If *message_body* is a :term:`file object`, each call to" +" ``.read()`` will result in a chunk. The method automatically signals the " +"end of the chunk-encoded data immediately after *message_body*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *encode_chunked* 为 ``True``，则对 *message_body* 的每次迭代结果将依照 :rfc:`7230` " +"3.3.1 节的规范进行分块编码。数据如何编码取决于 *message_body* 的类型。 如果 *message_body* 实现了 " +":ref:`buffer 接口 `，编码将生成一个数据块。如果 *message_body* 是 " +":class:`collections.abc.Iterable`，则 *message_body* 的每次迭代都会产生一个块。 如果 " +"*message_body* 为 :term:`file object`，那么每次调用 ``.read()`` 都会产生一个数据块。在 " +"*message_body* 结束后，本方法立即会自动标记分块编码数据的结束。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:459 +msgid "" +"Due to the chunked encoding specification, empty chunks yielded by an " +"iterator body will be ignored by the chunk-encoder. This is to avoid " +"premature termination of the read of the request by the target server due to" +" malformed encoding." +msgstr "由于分块编码的规范要求，迭代器本身产生的空块将被分块编码器忽略。这是为了避免目标服务器因错误编码而过早终止对请求的读取。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:464 +msgid "Added chunked encoding support and the *encode_chunked* parameter." +msgstr "增加了分块编码支持和 *encode_chunked* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Send data to the server. This should be used directly only after the " +":meth:`endheaders` method has been called and before :meth:`getresponse` is " +"called." +msgstr "" +"发送数据到服务器。本函数只应在调用 :meth:`endheaders` 方法之后且调用 :meth:`getresponse` 之前直接调用。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:474 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``http.client.send`` with " +"arguments ``self``, ``data``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``http.client.send`` 并附带参数 ``self``, ``data``。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:480 +msgid "HTTPResponse Objects" +msgstr "HTTPResponse 对象" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:482 +msgid "" +"An :class:`HTTPResponse` instance wraps the HTTP response from the server. " +"It provides access to the request headers and the entity body. The response" +" is an iterable object and can be used in a with statement." +msgstr "" +":class:`HTTPResponse` 实例封装了来自服务器的 HTTP 响应。通过它可以访问请求头和响应体。响应是可迭代对象，可在 with " +"语句中使用。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:487 +msgid "" +"The :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` interface is now implemented and all of its " +"reader operations are supported." +msgstr "现在已实现了 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 接口，并且支持所有的读取操作。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:494 +msgid "Reads and returns the response body, or up to the next *amt* bytes." +msgstr "读取并返回响应体，或后续 *amt* 个字节。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:498 +msgid "" +"Reads up to the next len(b) bytes of the response body into the buffer *b*. " +"Returns the number of bytes read." +msgstr "读取响应体的后续 len(b) 个字节到缓冲区 *b*。返回读取的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the header *name*, or *default* if there is no header " +"matching *name*. If there is more than one header with the name *name*, " +"return all of the values joined by ', '. If *default* is any iterable other" +" than a single string, its elements are similarly returned joined by commas." +msgstr "" +"返回标头 *name* 的值，或者如果没有匹配 *name* 的标头则返回 *default*。 如果名为 *name* 的标头不止一个，则返回以 '," +" ' 连接的所有值。 如果 *default* 是任何不为单个字符串的可迭代对象，则其元素同样会以逗号连接的形式返回。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:512 +msgid "Return a list of (header, value) tuples." +msgstr "返回 (header, value) 元组构成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:516 +msgid "Return the ``fileno`` of the underlying socket." +msgstr "返回底层套接字的 ``fileno``。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:520 +msgid "" +"A :class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` instance containing the response headers." +" :class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` is a subclass of " +":class:`email.message.Message`." +msgstr "" +"包含响应头的 :class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` 实例。:class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` " +"是 :class:`email.message` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:526 +msgid "" +"HTTP protocol version used by server. 10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1." +msgstr "服务器采用的 HTTP 协议版本。10 代表 HTTP/1.0，11 代表 HTTP/1.1。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:530 +msgid "" +"URL of the resource retrieved, commonly used to determine if a redirect was " +"followed." +msgstr "已读取资源的 URL，通常用于确定是否进行了重定向。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Headers of the response in the form of an " +":class:`email.message.EmailMessage` instance." +msgstr "响应的头部信息，形式为 :class:`email.message.EmailMessage` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:538 +msgid "Status code returned by server." +msgstr "由服务器返回的状态码。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:542 +msgid "Reason phrase returned by server." +msgstr "服务器返回的原因短语。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:546 +msgid "" +"A debugging hook. If :attr:`debuglevel` is greater than zero, messages will" +" be printed to stdout as the response is read and parsed." +msgstr "一个调试钩子。如果 :attr:`debuglevel` 大于零，状态信息将在读取和解析响应数据时打印输出到 stdout。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:551 +msgid "Is ``True`` if the stream is closed." +msgstr "如果流被关闭，则为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:555 +msgid "Deprecated in favor of :attr:`~HTTPResponse.url`." +msgstr "已弃用，建议用 :attr:`~HTTPResponse.url`。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:560 +msgid "Deprecated in favor of :attr:`~HTTPResponse.headers`." +msgstr "已弃用，建议用 :attr:`~HTTPResponse.headers`。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:565 +msgid "Deprecated in favor of :attr:`~HTTPResponse.status`." +msgstr "已弃用，建议用 :attr:`~HTTPResponse.status` 。" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:569 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:571 +msgid "Here is an example session that uses the ``GET`` method::" +msgstr "下面是使用 ``GET`` 方法的会话示例：" + +#: ../../library/http.client.rst:573 +msgid "" +">>> import http.client\n" +">>> conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(\"www.python.org\")\n" +">>> conn.request(\"GET\", \"/\")\n" +">>> r1 = conn.getresponse()\n" +">>> print(r1.status, r1.reason)\n" +"200 OK\n" +">>> data1 = r1.read() # This will return entire content.\n" +">>> # The following example demonstrates reading data in chunks.\n" +">>> conn.request(\"GET\", \"/\")\n" +">>> r1 = conn.getresponse()\n" +">>> while chunk := r1.read(200):\n" +"... print(repr(chunk))\n" +"b'\\n'\n" +">>> print(aRepr.repr(example))\n" +"[\n" +"-->1,\n" +"-->'spam',\n" +"-->{\n" +"-->-->'a': 2,\n" +"-->-->'b': 'spam eggs',\n" +"-->-->'c': {\n" +"-->-->-->3: 4.5,\n" +"-->-->-->6: [],\n" +"-->-->},\n" +"-->},\n" +"-->'ham',\n" +"]" +msgstr "" +">>> aRepr.indent = '-->'\n" +">>> print(aRepr.repr(example))\n" +"[\n" +"-->1,\n" +"-->'spam',\n" +"-->{\n" +"-->-->'a': 2,\n" +"-->-->'b': 'spam eggs',\n" +"-->-->'c': {\n" +"-->-->-->3: 4.5,\n" +"-->-->-->6: [],\n" +"-->-->},\n" +"-->},\n" +"-->'ham',\n" +"]" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~Repr.indent` to a positive integer value behaves as if it " +"was set to a string with that number of spaces:" +msgstr "将 :attr:`~Repr.indent` 设为一个正整数时其行为与设为相应数量的空格是相同的:" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:186 +msgid "" +">>> aRepr.indent = 4\n" +">>> print(aRepr.repr(example))\n" +"[\n" +" 1,\n" +" 'spam',\n" +" {\n" +" 'a': 2,\n" +" 'b': 'spam eggs',\n" +" 'c': {\n" +" 3: 4.5,\n" +" 6: [],\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'ham',\n" +"]" +msgstr "" +">>> aRepr.indent = 4\n" +">>> print(aRepr.repr(example))\n" +"[\n" +" 1,\n" +" 'spam',\n" +" {\n" +" 'a': 2,\n" +" 'b': 'spam eggs',\n" +" 'c': {\n" +" 3: 4.5,\n" +" 6: [],\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +" 'ham',\n" +"]" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:209 +msgid "" +"The equivalent to the built-in :func:`repr` that uses the formatting imposed" +" by the instance." +msgstr "内置 :func:`repr` 的等价形式，它使用实例专属的格式化。" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Recursive implementation used by :meth:`.repr`. This uses the type of *obj*" +" to determine which formatting method to call, passing it *obj* and *level*." +" The type-specific methods should call :meth:`repr1` to perform recursive " +"formatting, with ``level - 1`` for the value of *level* in the recursive " +"call." +msgstr "" +"供 :meth:`.repr` 使用的递归实现。 此方法使用 *obj* 的类型来确定要调用哪个格式化方法，并传入 *obj* 和 *level*。 " +"类型专属的方法应当调用 :meth:`repr1` 来执行递归格式化，在递归调用中使用 ``level - 1`` 作为 *level* 的值。" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Formatting methods for specific types are implemented as methods with a name" +" based on the type name. In the method name, **TYPE** is replaced by " +"``'_'.join(type(obj).__name__.split())``. Dispatch to these methods is " +"handled by :meth:`repr1`. Type-specific methods which need to recursively " +"format a value should call ``self.repr1(subobj, level - 1)``." +msgstr "" +"特定类型的格式化方法会被实现为基于类型名称来命名的方法。 在方法名称中，**TYPE** 会被替换为 " +"``'_'.join(type(obj).__name__.split())``。 对这些方法的分派会由 :meth:`repr1` 来处理。 " +"需要对值进行递归格式化的类型专属方法应当调用 ``self.repr1(subobj, level - 1)``。" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:234 +msgid "Subclassing Repr Objects" +msgstr "子类化 Repr 对象" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:236 +msgid "" +"The use of dynamic dispatching by :meth:`Repr.repr1` allows subclasses of " +":class:`Repr` to add support for additional built-in object types or to " +"modify the handling of types already supported. This example shows how " +"special support for file objects could be added:" +msgstr "" +"通过 :meth:`Repr.repr1` 使用动态分派允许 :class:`Repr` 的子类添加额外内置对象类型的支持，或是修改对已支持类型的处理。" +" 这个例子演示了如何添加对文件对象的特殊支持：" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:241 +msgid "" +"import reprlib\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class MyRepr(reprlib.Repr):\n" +"\n" +" def repr_TextIOWrapper(self, obj, level):\n" +" if obj.name in {'', '', ''}:\n" +" return obj.name\n" +" return repr(obj)\n" +"\n" +"aRepr = MyRepr()\n" +"print(aRepr.repr(sys.stdin)) # prints ''" +msgstr "" +"import reprlib\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"class MyRepr(reprlib.Repr):\n" +"\n" +" def repr_TextIOWrapper(self, obj, level):\n" +" if obj.name in {'', '', ''}:\n" +" return obj.name\n" +" return repr(obj)\n" +"\n" +"aRepr = MyRepr()\n" +"print(aRepr.repr(sys.stdin)) # 打印 ''" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:256 +msgid "" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:65 +msgid "..." +msgstr "..." + +#: ../../library/reprlib.rst:65 +msgid "placeholder" +msgstr "placeholder" diff --git a/library/resource.po b/library/resource.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30f3663c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/resource.po @@ -0,0 +1,649 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# 稀饭~~ , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 钢 彭 , 2021 +# Heyi Tang , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!resource` --- Resource usage information" +msgstr ":mod:`!resource` --- 资源使用信息" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This module provides basic mechanisms for measuring and controlling system " +"resources utilized by a program." +msgstr "该模块提供了测量和控制程序所利用的系统资源的基本机制。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:16 ../../library/resource.rst:104 +#: ../../library/resource.rst:180 ../../library/resource.rst:192 +#: ../../library/resource.rst:201 ../../library/resource.rst:210 +#: ../../library/resource.rst:220 ../../library/resource.rst:229 +#: ../../library/resource.rst:239 ../../library/resource.rst:252 +#: ../../library/resource.rst:260 ../../library/resource.rst:268 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Symbolic constants are used to specify particular system resources and to " +"request usage information about either the current process or its children." +msgstr "符号常量被用来指定特定的系统资源，并要求获得关于当前进程或其子进程的使用信息。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:21 +msgid "An :exc:`OSError` is raised on syscall failure." +msgstr "当系统调用失败时，会触发一个 :exc:`OSError` 。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:26 +msgid "A deprecated alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "一个被弃用的 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:28 +msgid "Following :pep:`3151`, this class was made an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "根据 :pep:`3151`，这个类是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:33 +msgid "Resource Limits" +msgstr "资源限制" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Resources usage can be limited using the :func:`setrlimit` function " +"described below. Each resource is controlled by a pair of limits: a soft " +"limit and a hard limit. The soft limit is the current limit, and may be " +"lowered or raised by a process over time. The soft limit can never exceed " +"the hard limit. The hard limit can be lowered to any value greater than the " +"soft limit, but not raised. (Only processes with the effective UID of the " +"super-user can raise a hard limit.)" +msgstr "" +"资源的使用可以通过下面描述的 :func:`setrlimit` " +"函数来限制。每个资源都被一对限制所控制：一个软限制和一个硬限制。软限制是当前的限制，并且可以由一个进程随着时间的推移而降低或提高。软限制永远不能超过硬限制。硬限制可以降低到大于软限制的任何数值，但不能提高。（只有拥有超级用户有效UID的进程才能提高硬限制。)" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:43 +msgid "" +"The specific resources that can be limited are system dependent. They are " +"described in the :manpage:`getrlimit(2)` man page. The resources listed " +"below are supported when the underlying operating system supports them; " +"resources which cannot be checked or controlled by the operating system are " +"not defined in this module for those platforms." +msgstr "" +"可以被限制的具体资源取决于系统。它们在 man :manpage:`getrlimit(2)` 中描述。 " +"下面列出的资源在底层操作系统支持的情况下被支持；那些不能被操作系统检查或控制的资源在本模块中没有为这些平台定义。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:52 +msgid "Constant used to represent the limit for an unlimited resource." +msgstr "用来表示无限资源的极限的常数。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Returns a tuple ``(soft, hard)`` with the current soft and hard limits of " +"*resource*. Raises :exc:`ValueError` if an invalid resource is specified, or" +" :exc:`error` if the underlying system call fails unexpectedly." +msgstr "" +"返回一个包含 *resource* 当前软限制和硬限制的元组。如果指定了一个无效的资源，则触发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"，如果底层系统调用意外失败，则引发 :exc:`error` 。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Sets new limits of consumption of *resource*. The *limits* argument must be " +"a tuple ``(soft, hard)`` of two integers describing the new limits. A value " +"of :data:`~resource.RLIM_INFINITY` can be used to request a limit that is " +"unlimited." +msgstr "" +"设置 *resource* 的新的消耗极限。参数 *limits* 必须是一个由两个整数组成的元组 ``(soft, hard)`` ，描述了新的限制。" +" :data:`~resource.RLIM_INFINITY` 的值可以用来请求一个无限的限制。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`ValueError` if an invalid resource is specified, if the new " +"soft limit exceeds the hard limit, or if a process tries to raise its hard " +"limit. Specifying a limit of :data:`~resource.RLIM_INFINITY` when the hard " +"or system limit for that resource is not unlimited will result in a " +":exc:`ValueError`. A process with the effective UID of super-user can " +"request any valid limit value, including unlimited, but :exc:`ValueError` " +"will still be raised if the requested limit exceeds the system imposed " +"limit." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了一个无效的资源，如果新的软限制超过了硬限制，或者如果一个进程试图提高它的硬限制，将触发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"。当资源的硬限制或系统限制不是无限时，指定一个 :data:`~resource.RLIM_INFINITY` 的限制将导致 " +":exc:`ValueError` 。 一个有效 UID " +"为超级用户的进程可以请求任何有效的限制值，包括无限，但如果请求的限制超过了系统规定的限制，则仍然会产生 :exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:78 +msgid "" +"``setrlimit`` may also raise :exc:`error` if the underlying system call " +"fails." +msgstr "如果底层系统调用失败， ``setrlimit`` 也可能触发 :exc:`error` 。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:81 +msgid "VxWorks only supports setting :data:`RLIMIT_NOFILE`." +msgstr "VxWorks只支持设置 :data:`RLIMIT_NOFILE` 。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``resource.setrlimit`` with " +"arguments ``resource``, ``limits``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``resource.setrlimit`` 并附带参数 ``resource``, " +"``limits``。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Combines :func:`setrlimit` and :func:`getrlimit` in one function and " +"supports to get and set the resources limits of an arbitrary process. If " +"*pid* is 0, then the call applies to the current process. *resource* and " +"*limits* have the same meaning as in :func:`setrlimit`, except that *limits*" +" is optional." +msgstr "" +"将 :func:`setrlimit` 和 :func:`getrlimit` 合并为一个函数，支持获取和设置任意进程的资源限制。如果 *pid* " +"为0，那么该调用适用于当前进程。 *resource* 和 *limits* 的含义与 :func:`setrlimit` 相同，只是 *limits*" +" 是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:94 +msgid "" +"When *limits* is not given the function returns the *resource* limit of the " +"process *pid*. When *limits* is given the *resource* limit of the process is" +" set and the former resource limit is returned." +msgstr "" +"当 *limits* 没有给出时，该函数返回进程 *pid* 的 *resource* 限制。当 *limits* 被给定时，进程的 " +"*resource* 限制被设置，并返回以前的资源限制。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`ProcessLookupError` when *pid* can't be found and " +":exc:`PermissionError` when the user doesn't have ``CAP_SYS_RESOURCE`` for " +"the process." +msgstr "" +"当 *pid* 找不到时，触发 :exc:`ProcessLookupError` ；当用户没有进程的 ``CAP_SYS_RESOURCE`` " +"时，触发 :exc:`PermissionError` 。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``resource.prlimit`` with " +"arguments ``pid``, ``resource``, ``limits``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``resource.prlimit`` 并附带参数 ``pid``, " +"``resource``, ``limits``。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:109 +msgid "" +"These symbols define resources whose consumption can be controlled using the" +" :func:`setrlimit` and :func:`getrlimit` functions described below. The " +"values of these symbols are exactly the constants used by C programs." +msgstr "" +"这些符号定义了资源的消耗可以通过下面描述的 :func:`setrlimit` 和 :func:`getrlimit` 函数来控制。这些符号的值正是 C" +" 程序所使用的常数。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:113 +msgid "" +"The Unix man page for :manpage:`getrlimit(2)` lists the available resources." +" Note that not all systems use the same symbol or same value to denote the " +"same resource. This module does not attempt to mask platform differences " +"--- symbols not defined for a platform will not be available from this " +"module on that platform." +msgstr "" +"Unix man 页面 :manpage:`getrlimit(2)` " +"列出了可用的资源。注意，并非所有系统都使用相同的符号或相同的值来表示相同的资源。本模块并不试图掩盖平台的差异——没有为某一平台定义的符号在该平台上将无法从本模块中获得。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:122 +msgid "" +"The maximum size (in bytes) of a core file that the current process can " +"create. This may result in the creation of a partial core file if a larger " +"core would be required to contain the entire process image." +msgstr "当前进程可以创建的核心文件的最大大小（以字节为单位）。如果需要更大的核心文件来包含整个进程的镜像，这可能会导致创建一个部分核心文件。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The maximum amount of processor time (in seconds) that a process can use. If" +" this limit is exceeded, a :const:`SIGXCPU` signal is sent to the process. " +"(See the :mod:`signal` module documentation for information about how to " +"catch this signal and do something useful, e.g. flush open files to disk.)" +msgstr "" +"一个进程可以使用的最大处理器时间（以秒为单位）。如果超过了这个限制，一个 :const:`SIGXCPU` 信号将被发送给进程。（参见 " +":mod:`signal` 模块文档，了解如何捕捉这个信号并做一些有用的事情，例如，将打开的文件刷新到磁盘上）。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:137 +msgid "The maximum size of a file which the process may create." +msgstr "进程可能创建的文件的最大大小。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:142 +msgid "The maximum size (in bytes) of the process's heap." +msgstr "进程的堆的最大大小（以字节为单位）。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:147 +msgid "" +"The maximum size (in bytes) of the call stack for the current process. This" +" only affects the stack of the main thread in a multi-threaded process." +msgstr "当前进程的调用堆栈的最大大小（字节）。 这只影响到多线程进程中主线程的堆栈。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:153 +msgid "" +"The maximum resident set size that should be made available to the process." +msgstr "应该提供给进程的最大常驻内存大小。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:158 +msgid "The maximum number of processes the current process may create." +msgstr "当前进程可能创建的最大进程数。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:163 +msgid "The maximum number of open file descriptors for the current process." +msgstr "当前进程打开的文件描述符的最大数量。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:168 +msgid "The BSD name for :const:`RLIMIT_NOFILE`." +msgstr "BSD 对 :const:`RLIMIT_NOFILE` 的命名。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:173 +msgid "The maximum address space which may be locked in memory." +msgstr "可能被锁定在内存中的最大地址空间。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:178 +msgid "The largest area of mapped memory which the process may occupy." +msgstr "进程可能占用的最大映射内存区域。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:185 +msgid "" +"The maximum area (in bytes) of address space which may be taken by the " +"process." +msgstr "进程可能占用的地址空间的最大区域（以字节为单位）。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:190 +msgid "The number of bytes that can be allocated for POSIX message queues." +msgstr "可分配给 POSIX 消息队列的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:199 +msgid "" +"The ceiling for the process's nice level (calculated as 20 - rlim_cur)." +msgstr "进程的 Nice 级别的上限（计算为 20 - rlim_cur ）。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:208 +msgid "The ceiling of the real-time priority." +msgstr "实时优先级的上限。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:217 +msgid "" +"The time limit (in microseconds) on CPU time that a process can spend under " +"real-time scheduling without making a blocking syscall." +msgstr "在实时调度下，一个进程在不进行阻塞性系统调用的情况下，可以花费的 CPU 时间限制（以微秒计）。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:227 +msgid "The number of signals which the process may queue." +msgstr "进程可能排队的信号数量。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:235 +msgid "" +"The maximum size (in bytes) of socket buffer usage for this user. This " +"limits the amount of network memory, and hence the amount of mbufs, that " +"this user may hold at any time." +msgstr "这个用户使用的套接字缓冲区的最大大小（字节数）。这限制了这个用户在任何时候都可以持有的网络内存数量，因此也限制了 mbufs 的数量。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:245 +msgid "" +"The maximum size (in bytes) of the swap space that may be reserved or used " +"by all of this user id's processes. This limit is enforced only if bit 1 of " +"the vm.overcommit sysctl is set. Please see `tuning(7) " +"`__ for a " +"complete description of this sysctl." +msgstr "" +"这个用户 ID 的所有进程可能保留或使用的交换空间的大小上限（以字节数表示）。 此限制只有在 vm.overcommit sysctl 的 1 " +"号比特位被设置时才会生效。 请参阅 `tuning(7) " +"`__ 获取该 sysctl " +"的完整描述。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:258 +msgid "The maximum number of pseudo-terminals created by this user id." +msgstr "该用户 ID 创建的伪终端的最大数量。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:266 +msgid "The maximum number of kqueues this user id is allowed to create." +msgstr "这个用户 ID 被允许创建的最大 kqueue 数量。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:273 +msgid "Resource Usage" +msgstr "资源用量" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:275 +msgid "These functions are used to retrieve resource usage information:" +msgstr "这些函数被用来检索资源使用信息。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:280 +msgid "" +"This function returns an object that describes the resources consumed by " +"either the current process or its children, as specified by the *who* " +"parameter. The *who* parameter should be specified using one of the " +":const:`!RUSAGE_\\*` constants described below." +msgstr "" +"此函数返回一个描述当前进程或其子进程所消耗的资源的对象，它由 *who* 形参指定。 *who* 形参应当使用下面介绍的 " +":const:`!RUSAGE_\\*` 常量之一来指定。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:285 +msgid "A simple example::" +msgstr "一个简单的示例：" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:287 +msgid "" +"from resource import *\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"# a non CPU-bound task\n" +"time.sleep(3)\n" +"print(getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF))\n" +"\n" +"# a CPU-bound task\n" +"for i in range(10 ** 8):\n" +" _ = 1 + 1\n" +"print(getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF))" +msgstr "" +"from resource import *\n" +"import time\n" +"\n" +"# 非 CPU 密集型任务\n" +"time.sleep(3)\n" +"print(getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF))\n" +"\n" +"# CPU 密集型任务\n" +"for i in range(10 ** 8):\n" +" _ = 1 + 1\n" +"print(getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF))" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:299 +msgid "" +"The fields of the return value each describe how a particular system " +"resource has been used, e.g. amount of time spent running is user mode or " +"number of times the process was swapped out of main memory. Some values are " +"dependent on the clock tick internal, e.g. the amount of memory the process " +"is using." +msgstr "" +"返回值的字段分别描述了某一特定系统资源的使用情况，例如，在用户模式下运行的时间或进程从主内存中换出的次数。有些值取决于内部的时钟周期，例如进程使用的内存量。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:304 +msgid "" +"For backward compatibility, the return value is also accessible as a tuple " +"of 16 elements." +msgstr "为了向后兼容，返回值也可以作为一个 16 个元素的元组来访问。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The fields :attr:`ru_utime` and :attr:`ru_stime` of the return value are " +"floating-point values representing the amount of time spent executing in " +"user mode and the amount of time spent executing in system mode, " +"respectively. The remaining values are integers. Consult the " +":manpage:`getrusage(2)` man page for detailed information about these " +"values. A brief summary is presented here:" +msgstr "" +"返回值中的 :attr:`ru_utime` 和 :attr:`ru_stime` " +"字段是浮点值，分别代表在用户模式下执行的时间和在系统模式下执行的时间。 其余的值是整数。 关于这些值的详细信息，请查阅 " +":manpage:`getrusage(2)` man page 。 这里提供一个简短的摘要。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:314 +msgid "Index" +msgstr "索引" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:314 +msgid "Field" +msgstr "字段" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:314 +msgid "Resource" +msgstr "资源" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:316 +msgid "``0``" +msgstr "``0``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:316 +msgid ":attr:`ru_utime`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_utime`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:316 +msgid "time in user mode (float seconds)" +msgstr "用户模式下的时间（浮点数秒）" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:318 +msgid "``1``" +msgstr "``1``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:318 +msgid ":attr:`ru_stime`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_stime`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:318 +msgid "time in system mode (float seconds)" +msgstr "系统模式下的时间（浮点数秒）" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:320 +msgid "``2``" +msgstr "``2``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:320 +msgid ":attr:`ru_maxrss`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_maxrss`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:320 +msgid "maximum resident set size" +msgstr "最大的常驻内存大小" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:322 +msgid "``3``" +msgstr "``3``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:322 +msgid ":attr:`ru_ixrss`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_ixrss`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:322 +msgid "shared memory size" +msgstr "共享内存大小" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:324 +msgid "``4``" +msgstr "``4``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:324 +msgid ":attr:`ru_idrss`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_idrss`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:324 +msgid "unshared memory size" +msgstr "未共享的内存大小" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:326 +msgid "``5``" +msgstr "``5``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:326 +msgid ":attr:`ru_isrss`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_isrss`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:326 +msgid "unshared stack size" +msgstr "未共享的堆栈大小" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:328 +msgid "``6``" +msgstr "``6``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:328 +msgid ":attr:`ru_minflt`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_minflt`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:328 +msgid "page faults not requiring I/O" +msgstr "不需要 I/O 的页面故障数" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:330 +msgid "``7``" +msgstr "``7``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:330 +msgid ":attr:`ru_majflt`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_majflt`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:330 +msgid "page faults requiring I/O" +msgstr "需要 I/O 的页面故障数" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:332 +msgid "``8``" +msgstr "``8``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:332 +msgid ":attr:`ru_nswap`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_nswap`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:332 +msgid "number of swap outs" +msgstr "swap out 的数量" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:334 +msgid "``9``" +msgstr "``9``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:334 +msgid ":attr:`ru_inblock`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_inblock`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:334 +msgid "block input operations" +msgstr "块输入操作数" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:336 +msgid "``10``" +msgstr "``10``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:336 +msgid ":attr:`ru_oublock`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_oublock`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:336 +msgid "block output operations" +msgstr "块输出操作数" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:338 +msgid "``11``" +msgstr "``11``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:338 +msgid ":attr:`ru_msgsnd`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_msgsnd`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:338 +msgid "messages sent" +msgstr "发送消息数" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:340 +msgid "``12``" +msgstr "``12``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:340 +msgid ":attr:`ru_msgrcv`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_msgrcv`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:340 +msgid "messages received" +msgstr "收到消息数" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:342 +msgid "``13``" +msgstr "``13``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:342 +msgid ":attr:`ru_nsignals`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_nsignals`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:342 +msgid "signals received" +msgstr "收到信号数" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:344 +msgid "``14``" +msgstr "``14``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:344 +msgid ":attr:`ru_nvcsw`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_nvcsw`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:344 +msgid "voluntary context switches" +msgstr "主动上下文切换" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:346 +msgid "``15``" +msgstr "``15``" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:346 +msgid ":attr:`ru_nivcsw`" +msgstr ":attr:`ru_nivcsw`" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:346 +msgid "involuntary context switches" +msgstr "被动上下文切换" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:349 +msgid "" +"This function will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if an invalid *who* parameter " +"is specified. It may also raise :exc:`error` exception in unusual " +"circumstances." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了一个无效的 *who* 参数，这个函数将触发一个 :exc:`ValueError` 。在特殊情况下，它也可能触发 :exc:`error` " +"异常。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:355 +msgid "" +"Returns the number of bytes in a system page. (This need not be the same as " +"the hardware page size.)" +msgstr "返回一个系统页面的字节数。（这不需要和硬件页的大小相同）。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The following :const:`!RUSAGE_\\*` symbols are passed to the " +":func:`getrusage` function to specify which processes information should be " +"provided for." +msgstr "下面的 :const:`!RUSAGE_\\*` 符号将被传给 :func:`getrusage` 函数以指定应该为哪些进程提供信息。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Pass to :func:`getrusage` to request resources consumed by the calling " +"process, which is the sum of resources used by all threads in the process." +msgstr "传递给 :func:`getrusage` 以请求调用进程消耗的资源，这是进程中所有线程使用的资源总和。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Pass to :func:`getrusage` to request resources consumed by child processes " +"of the calling process which have been terminated and waited for." +msgstr "传递给 :func:`getrusage` 以请求被终止和等待的调用进程的子进程所消耗的资源。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Pass to :func:`getrusage` to request resources consumed by both the current " +"process and child processes. May not be available on all systems." +msgstr "传递给 :func:`getrusage` 以请求当前进程和子进程所消耗的资源。并非所有系统都能使用。" + +#: ../../library/resource.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Pass to :func:`getrusage` to request resources consumed by the current " +"thread. May not be available on all systems." +msgstr "传递给 :func:`getrusage` 以请求当前线程所消耗的资源。 并非所有系统都能使用。" diff --git a/library/rlcompleter.po b/library/rlcompleter.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ee83d956 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/rlcompleter.po @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!rlcompleter` --- Completion function for GNU readline" +msgstr ":mod:`!rlcompleter` --- 用于 GNU readline 的补全函数" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/rlcompleter.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/rlcompleter.py`" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!rlcompleter` module defines a completion function suitable to be " +"passed to :func:`~readline.set_completer` in the :mod:`readline` module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!rlcompleter` 模块定义了一个适合被传给 :mod:`readline` 模块中 " +":func:`~readline.set_completer` 的补全函数。" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:16 +msgid "" +"When this module is imported on a Unix platform with the :mod:`readline` " +"module available, an instance of the :class:`Completer` class is " +"automatically created and its :meth:`~Completer.complete` method is set as " +"the :ref:`readline completer `. The method provides " +"completion of valid Python :ref:`identifiers and keywords `." +msgstr "" +"当此模块在具有 :mod:`readline` 模块的 Unix 平台上被导入时，会自动创建一个 :class:`Completer` 实例并将其 " +":meth:`~Completer.complete` 方法设为 :ref:`readline completer `。 该方法提供了对有效的 Python :ref:`标识符和关键字 ` 的补全功能。" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:22 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:24 +msgid "" +">>> import rlcompleter\n" +">>> import readline\n" +">>> readline.parse_and_bind(\"tab: complete\")\n" +">>> readline. \n" +"readline.__doc__ readline.get_line_buffer( readline.read_init_file(\n" +"readline.__file__ readline.insert_text( readline.set_completer(\n" +"readline.__name__ readline.parse_and_bind(\n" +">>> readline." +msgstr "" +">>> import rlcompleter\n" +">>> import readline\n" +">>> readline.parse_and_bind(\"tab: complete\")\n" +">>> readline. \n" +"readline.__doc__ readline.get_line_buffer( readline.read_init_file(\n" +"readline.__file__ readline.insert_text( readline.set_completer(\n" +"readline.__name__ readline.parse_and_bind(\n" +">>> readline." + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!rlcompleter` module is designed for use with Python's " +":ref:`interactive mode `. Unless Python is run with the " +":option:`-S` option, the module is automatically imported and configured " +"(see :ref:`rlcompleter-config`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!rlcompleter` 模块是为 Python 的 :ref:`交互模式 ` 而设计的。 除非 " +"Python 是附带 :option:`-S` 选项运行的，这个模块总是会被自动地导入并配置 (参见 :ref:`rlcompleter-" +"config`)。" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:38 +msgid "" +"On platforms without :mod:`readline`, the :class:`Completer` class defined " +"by this module can still be used for custom purposes." +msgstr "在没有 :mod:`readline` 的平台, 此模块定义的 :class:`Completer` 类仍然可以用于自定义行为." + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:46 +msgid "Completer objects have the following method:" +msgstr "Completer 对象具有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:50 +msgid "Return the next possible completion for *text*." +msgstr "返回针对 *text* 的下一个可能的补全项。" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:52 +msgid "" +"When called by the :mod:`readline` module, this method is called " +"successively with ``state == 0, 1, 2, ...`` until the method returns " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"当被 :mod:`readline` 模块调用时，此方法将被连续调用并附带 ``state == 0, 1, 2, ...`` 直到该方法返回 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:56 +msgid "" +"If called for *text* that doesn't include a period character (``'.'``), it " +"will complete from names currently defined in :mod:`__main__`, " +":mod:`builtins` and keywords (as defined by the :mod:`keyword` module)." +msgstr "" +"如果指定的 *text* 不包含句点字符 (``'.'``)，它将根据当前 :mod:`__main__`, :mod:`builtins` " +"和保留关键字（定义于 :mod:`keyword` 模块）所定义的名称进行补全。" + +#: ../../library/rlcompleter.rst:60 +msgid "" +"If called for a dotted name, it will try to evaluate anything without " +"obvious side-effects (functions will not be evaluated, but it can generate " +"calls to :meth:`~object.__getattr__`) up to the last part, and find matches " +"for the rest via the :func:`dir` function. Any exception raised during the " +"evaluation of the expression is caught, silenced and :const:`None` is " +"returned." +msgstr "" +"如果为带有点号的名称执行调用，它将尝试尽量求值直到最后一部分为止而产生附带影响（函数不会被求值，但它可以生成对 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 的调用），并通过 :func:`dir` 函数来匹配剩余部分。 " +"在对表达式求值期间引发的任何异常都会被捕获、静默处理并返回 :const:`None`。" diff --git a/library/runpy.po b/library/runpy.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb416125a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/runpy.po @@ -0,0 +1,341 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!runpy` --- Locating and executing Python modules" +msgstr ":mod:`!runpy` --- 查找并执行 Python 模块" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/runpy.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/runpy.py`" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`runpy` module is used to locate and run Python modules without " +"importing them first. Its main use is to implement the :option:`-m` command " +"line switch that allows scripts to be located using the Python module " +"namespace rather than the filesystem." +msgstr "" +":mod:`runpy` 模块用于找到并运行 Python 的模块，而无需首先导入。主要用于实现 :option:`-m` 命令行开关，以允许用 " +"Python 模块命名空间而不是文件系统来定位脚本。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Note that this is *not* a sandbox module - all code is executed in the " +"current process, and any side effects (such as cached imports of other " +"modules) will remain in place after the functions have returned." +msgstr "请注意，这 *并非* 一个沙盒模块——所有代码都在当前进程中运行，所有副作用（如其他模块对导入操作进行了缓存）在函数返回后都会留存。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Furthermore, any functions and classes defined by the executed code are not " +"guaranteed to work correctly after a :mod:`runpy` function has returned. If " +"that limitation is not acceptable for a given use case, :mod:`importlib` is " +"likely to be a more suitable choice than this module." +msgstr "" +"此外，在 :mod:`runpy` 函数返回后，任何由已执行代码定义的函数和类都不能保证正确工作。如果某使用场景不能接收此限制，那么选用 " +":mod:`importlib` 可能更合适些。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:27 +msgid "The :mod:`runpy` module provides two functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`runpy` 模块提供两个函数：" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Execute the code of the specified module and return the resulting module's " +"globals dictionary. The module's code is first located using the standard " +"import mechanism (refer to :pep:`302` for details) and then executed in a " +"fresh module namespace." +msgstr "" +"执行给定模块的代码并返回模块的全局 globals 字典作为结果。 首先会使用标准的导入机制来定位该模块的代码（请参阅 :pep:`302` " +"了解详情）然后在新的模块命令空间中执行。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:40 +msgid "" +"The *mod_name* argument should be an absolute module name. If the module " +"name refers to a package rather than a normal module, then that package is " +"imported and the :mod:`__main__` submodule within that package is then " +"executed and the resulting module globals dictionary returned." +msgstr "" +"*mod_name* 参数应当是一个绝对模块名。 如果模块名指向一个包而非普通模块，则会导入这个包然后执行这个包中的 :mod:`__main__` " +"子模块再返回模块全局字典。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The optional dictionary argument *init_globals* may be used to pre-populate " +"the module's globals dictionary before the code is executed. *init_globals* " +"will not be modified. If any of the special global variables below are " +"defined in *init_globals*, those definitions are overridden by " +":func:`run_module`." +msgstr "" +"可选的字典参数 *init_globals* 可用来在代码执行前预填充模块的 globals 字典。 *init_globals* 不会被修改。 如果在" +" *init_globals* 中定义了下面的任何一个特殊全局变量，这些定义都会被 :func:`run_module` 覆盖。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:52 ../../library/runpy.rst:127 +msgid "" +"The special global variables ``__name__``, ``__spec__``, ``__file__``, " +"``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` and ``__package__`` are set in the globals " +"dictionary before the module code is executed. (Note that this is a minimal " +"set of variables - other variables may be set implicitly as an interpreter " +"implementation detail.)" +msgstr "" +"特殊全局变量 ``__name__``, ``__spec__``, ``__file__``, ``__cached__``, " +"``__loader__`` and ``__package__`` 会在模块代码被执行前在 globals 字典中设置。 " +"（请注意这是一个最小化的变量集合 —— 作为解释器的实现细节其他变量有可能被隐式地设置。）" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:58 +msgid "" +"``__name__`` is set to *run_name* if this optional argument is not " +":const:`None`, to ``mod_name + '.__main__'`` if the named module is a " +"package and to the *mod_name* argument otherwise." +msgstr "" +"若可选参数 ``__name__`` 不为 :const:`None` 则设为 *run_name*，若此名称的模块是一个包则设为 ``mod_name" +" + '.__main__'``，否则设为 *mod_name* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:62 +msgid "" +"``__spec__`` will be set appropriately for the *actually* imported module " +"(that is, ``__spec__.name`` will always be *mod_name* or ``mod_name + " +"'.__main__'``, never *run_name*)." +msgstr "" +"``__spec__`` 将针对 *实际* 导入的模块进行适当的设置 (也就是说，``__spec__.name`` 将始终为 *mod_name* 或" +" ``mod_name + '.__main__'``，而不是 *run_name*)。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:66 +msgid "" +"``__file__``, ``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` and ``__package__`` are " +":ref:`set as normal ` based on the module spec." +msgstr "" +"``__file__`` 、``__cached__``、 ``__loader__`` 和 ``__package__`` 根据模块规格进行 " +":ref:`常规设置 `" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:69 +msgid "" +"If the argument *alter_sys* is supplied and evaluates to :const:`True`, then" +" ``sys.argv[0]`` is updated with the value of ``__file__`` and " +"``sys.modules[__name__]`` is updated with a temporary module object for the " +"module being executed. Both ``sys.argv[0]`` and ``sys.modules[__name__]`` " +"are restored to their original values before the function returns." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了参数 *alter_sys* 并且值为 :const:`True`，那么 ``sys.argv[0]`` 将被更新为 ``__file__``" +" 的值，``sys.modules[__name__]`` 将被更新为临时模块对象。在函数返回前， ``sys.argv[0]`` 和 " +"``sys.modules[__name__]`` 将会复原。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Note that this manipulation of :mod:`sys` is not thread-safe. Other threads " +"may see the partially initialised module, as well as the altered list of " +"arguments. It is recommended that the ``sys`` module be left alone when " +"invoking this function from threaded code." +msgstr "" +"请注意对 :mod:`sys` 的这种操作不是线程安全的。 其他线程可能会看到部分初始化的模块，以及更改后的参数列表。 " +"建议当从线程中的代码调用此函数时不要使用 ``sys`` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:81 +msgid "" +"The :option:`-m` option offering equivalent functionality from the command " +"line." +msgstr ":option:`-m` 选项由命令行提供相同功能。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Added ability to execute packages by looking for a :mod:`__main__` " +"submodule." +msgstr "增加了通过查找 :mod:`__main__` 子模块来执行包的功能。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:87 +msgid "Added ``__cached__`` global variable (see :pep:`3147`)." +msgstr "加入了 ``__cached__`` 全局变量（参见 :pep:`3147` ）。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Updated to take advantage of the module spec feature added by :pep:`451`. " +"This allows ``__cached__`` to be set correctly for modules run this way, as " +"well as ensuring the real module name is always accessible as " +"``__spec__.name``." +msgstr "" +"充分利用 :pep:`451` 加入的模块规格功能。使得以这种方式运行的模块能够正确设置 ``__cached__``，并确保真正的模块名称总是可以通过" +" ``__spec__.name`` 的形式访问。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:96 +msgid "" +"The setting of ``__cached__``, ``__loader__``, and ``__package__`` are " +"deprecated. See :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for alternatives." +msgstr "" +"``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` 和 ``__package__`` 的设置已被弃用。 替代设置参见 " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Execute the code at the named filesystem location and return the resulting " +"module's globals dictionary. As with a script name supplied to the CPython " +"command line, *file_path* may refer to a Python source file, a compiled " +"bytecode file or a valid :data:`sys.path` entry containing a :mod:`__main__`" +" module (e.g. a zipfile containing a top-level :file:`__main__.py` file)." +msgstr "" +"执行位于指定文件系统位置上的代码并返回模块的 globals 字典作为结果。 与提供给 CPython 命令行的脚本名称一样，*file_path* " +"可以指向一个 Python 源文件、编译后的字节码文件或包含 :mod:`__main__` 模块的有效 :data:`sys.path` " +"条目（例如一个包含最高层级 :file:`__main__.py` 文件的 zip 文件）。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:113 +msgid "" +"For a simple script, the specified code is simply executed in a fresh module" +" namespace. For a valid :data:`sys.path` entry (typically a zipfile or " +"directory), the entry is first added to the beginning of ``sys.path``. The " +"function then looks for and executes a :mod:`__main__` module using the " +"updated path. Note that there is no special protection against invoking an " +"existing ``__main__`` entry located elsewhere on ``sys.path`` if there is no" +" such module at the specified location." +msgstr "" +"对于简单的脚本而言，只需在新的模块命名空间中执行指定的代码即可。 对于一个有效的 :data:`sys.path` 条目（通常是一个 zip " +"文件或目录），首先会将该条目添加到 ``sys.path`` 的开头。 然后函数会使用更新后的路径查找并执行 :mod:`__main__` 模块。 " +"请注意如果在指定的位置上没有 ``__main__`` 模块那么在唤起位于 ``sys.path`` 中其他位置上的现有条目时也不会受到特殊保护。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:121 +msgid "" +"The optional dictionary argument *init_globals* may be used to pre-populate " +"the module's globals dictionary before the code is executed. *init_globals* " +"will not be modified. If any of the special global variables below are " +"defined in *init_globals*, those definitions are overridden by " +":func:`run_path`." +msgstr "" +"可选的字典参数 *init_globals* 可用来在代码执行前预填充模块的 globals 字典。 *init_globals* 不会被修改。 如果在" +" *init_globals* 中定义了下面的任何一个特殊全局变量，这些定义都会被 :func:`run_path` 覆盖。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:133 +msgid "" +"``__name__`` is set to *run_name* if this optional argument is not " +":const:`None` and to ``''`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如果该可选参数不为 :const:`None`，则 ``__name__`` 被设为 *run_name*，否则为 ``''``。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:136 +msgid "" +"If *file_path* directly references a script file (whether as source or as " +"precompiled byte code), then ``__file__`` will be set to *file_path*, and " +"``__spec__``, ``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` and ``__package__`` will all be" +" set to :const:`None`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *file_path* 直接指向一个脚本文件（无论是源码还是预编译的字节码），则 ``__file__`` 将被设为 *file_path*，而 " +"``__spec__``, ``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` 和 ``__package__`` 都将被设为 " +":const:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:141 +msgid "" +"If *file_path* is a reference to a valid :data:`sys.path` entry, then " +"``__spec__`` will be set appropriately for the imported :mod:`__main__` " +"module (that is, ``__spec__.name`` will always be ``__main__``). " +"``__file__``, ``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` and ``__package__`` will be " +":ref:`set as normal ` based on the module spec." +msgstr "" +"如果 *file_path* 是对一个有效 :data:`sys.path` 条目的引用，则 ``__spec__`` 将针对导入的 " +":mod:`__main__` 模块进行相应设置 (也就是说，``__spec__.name`` 将始终为 ``__main__``)。 " +"``__file__``, ``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` 和 ``__package__`` 将根据模块规格说明 " +":ref:`正常设置 `。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:147 +msgid "" +"A number of alterations are also made to the :mod:`sys` module. Firstly, " +":data:`sys.path` may be altered as described above. ``sys.argv[0]`` is " +"updated with the value of *file_path* and ``sys.modules[__name__]`` is " +"updated with a temporary module object for the module being executed. All " +"modifications to items in :mod:`sys` are reverted before the function " +"returns." +msgstr "" +":mod:`sys` 模块也进行了多项改动。 首先，:data:`sys.path` 可能会有如上文所描述的调整，``sys.argv[0]`` 会使用" +" *file_path* 的值进行更新而 ``sys.modules[__name__]`` 会使用对应于被执行模块的临时模块对象进行更新。 " +"在函数返回之前对 :mod:`sys` 中条目的所有修改都会被复原。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Note that, unlike :func:`run_module`, the alterations made to :mod:`sys` are" +" not optional in this function as these adjustments are essential to " +"allowing the execution of :data:`sys.path` entries. As the thread-safety " +"limitations still apply, use of this function in threaded code should be " +"either serialised with the import lock or delegated to a separate process." +msgstr "" +"请注意，与 :func:`run_module` 不同，对 :mod:`sys` 的修改在本函数中不是可选项，因为这些调整对于允许执行 " +":data:`sys.path` 条目来说是至关重要的。 " +"由于线程安全限制仍然适用，在线程代码中使用该函数应当使用导入锁进行序列化，或是委托给单独的进程。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:161 +msgid "" +":ref:`using-on-interface-options` for equivalent functionality on the " +"command line (``python path/to/script``)." +msgstr "" +":ref:`using-on-interface-options` 用于在命令行上实现同等功能（``python path/to/script``）。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Updated to take advantage of the module spec feature added by :pep:`451`. " +"This allows ``__cached__`` to be set correctly in the case where " +"``__main__`` is imported from a valid :data:`sys.path` entry rather than " +"being executed directly." +msgstr "" +"进行更新以便利用 :pep:`451` 加入的模块规格特性。 这允许在 ``__main__`` 是从有效的 :data:`sys.path` " +"条目导入而不是直接执行的情况下能够正确地设置 ``__cached__``。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:172 +msgid "" +"The setting of ``__cached__``, ``__loader__``, and ``__package__`` are " +"deprecated." +msgstr "``__cached__``, ``__loader__`` 和 ``__package__`` 已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:178 +msgid ":pep:`338` -- Executing modules as scripts" +msgstr ":pep:`338` -- 将模块作为脚本执行" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:179 ../../library/runpy.rst:182 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "PEP 由 Nick Coghlan 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:181 +msgid ":pep:`366` -- Main module explicit relative imports" +msgstr ":pep:`366` ——主模块的显式相对导入" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:184 +msgid ":pep:`451` -- A ModuleSpec Type for the Import System" +msgstr ":pep:`451` —— 导入系统采用的 ModuleSpec 类型" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:185 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric Snow" +msgstr "PEP 由 Eric Snow 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:187 +msgid ":ref:`using-on-general` - CPython command line details" +msgstr ":ref:`using-on-general` —— CPython 命令行详解" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:189 +msgid "The :func:`importlib.import_module` function" +msgstr ":func:`importlib.import_module` 函数" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:32 ../../library/runpy.rst:103 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/runpy.rst:32 ../../library/runpy.rst:103 +msgid "__main__" +msgstr "__main__" diff --git a/library/sched.po b/library/sched.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bbddcbe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sched.po @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!sched` --- Event scheduler" +msgstr ":mod:`!sched` --- 事件调度器" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/sched.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/sched.py`" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sched` module defines a class which implements a general purpose " +"event scheduler:" +msgstr ":mod:`sched` 模块定义了一个实现通用事件调度程序的类：" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The :class:`scheduler` class defines a generic interface to scheduling " +"events. It needs two functions to actually deal with the \"outside world\" " +"--- *timefunc* should be callable without arguments, and return a number " +"(the \"time\", in any units whatsoever). The *delayfunc* function should be" +" callable with one argument, compatible with the output of *timefunc*, and " +"should delay that many time units. *delayfunc* will also be called with the " +"argument ``0`` after each event is run to allow other threads an opportunity" +" to run in multi-threaded applications." +msgstr "" +":class:`scheduler` 类定义了一个调度事件的通用接口。 它需要两个函数来实际处理“外部世界” —— *timefunc* " +"应当不带参数地调用，并返回一个数字（“时间”，可以为任意单位）。 *delayfunc* 函数应当带一个参数调用，与 *timefunc* " +"的输出相兼容，并且应当延迟其所指定的时间单位。 每个事件运行后还将调用 *delayfunc* 并传入参数 ``0`` " +"以允许其他线程有机会在多线程应用中运行。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:29 +msgid "*timefunc* and *delayfunc* parameters are optional." +msgstr "*timefunc* 和 *delayfunc* 参数是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:32 +msgid "" +":class:`scheduler` class can be safely used in multi-threaded environments." +msgstr ":class:`scheduler` 类可以安全的在多线程环境中使用。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:36 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:38 +msgid "" +">>> import sched, time\n" +">>> s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)\n" +">>> def print_time(a='default'):\n" +"... print(\"From print_time\", time.time(), a)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def print_some_times():\n" +"... print(time.time())\n" +"... s.enter(10, 1, print_time)\n" +"... s.enter(5, 2, print_time, argument=('positional',))\n" +"... # despite having higher priority, 'keyword' runs after 'positional' as enter() is relative\n" +"... s.enter(5, 1, print_time, kwargs={'a': 'keyword'})\n" +"... s.enterabs(1_650_000_000, 10, print_time, argument=(\"first enterabs\",))\n" +"... s.enterabs(1_650_000_000, 5, print_time, argument=(\"second enterabs\",))\n" +"... s.run()\n" +"... print(time.time())\n" +"...\n" +">>> print_some_times()\n" +"1652342830.3640375\n" +"From print_time 1652342830.3642538 second enterabs\n" +"From print_time 1652342830.3643398 first enterabs\n" +"From print_time 1652342835.3694863 positional\n" +"From print_time 1652342835.3696074 keyword\n" +"From print_time 1652342840.369612 default\n" +"1652342840.3697174" +msgstr "" +">>> import sched, time\n" +">>> s = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)\n" +">>> def print_time(a='default'):\n" +"... print(\"From print_time\", time.time(), a)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def print_some_times():\n" +"... print(time.time())\n" +"... s.enter(10, 1, print_time)\n" +"... s.enter(5, 2, print_time, argument=('positional',))\n" +"... # 虽然具有更高的优先级，'keyword' 将在 'positional' 之后运行因为 enter() 是相对的\n" +"... s.enter(5, 1, print_time, kwargs={'a': 'keyword'})\n" +"... s.enterabs(1_650_000_000, 10, print_time, argument=(\"first enterabs\",))\n" +"... s.enterabs(1_650_000_000, 5, print_time, argument=(\"second enterabs\",))\n" +"... s.run()\n" +"... print(time.time())\n" +"...\n" +">>> print_some_times()\n" +"1652342830.3640375\n" +"From print_time 1652342830.3642538 second enterabs\n" +"From print_time 1652342830.3643398 first enterabs\n" +"From print_time 1652342835.3694863 positional\n" +"From print_time 1652342835.3696074 keyword\n" +"From print_time 1652342840.369612 default\n" +"1652342840.3697174" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:67 +msgid "Scheduler Objects" +msgstr "调度器对象" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:69 +msgid "" +":class:`scheduler` instances have the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`scheduler` 实例拥有以下方法和属性：" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Schedule a new event. The *time* argument should be a numeric type " +"compatible with the return value of the *timefunc* function passed to the " +"constructor. Events scheduled for the same *time* will be executed in the " +"order of their *priority*. A lower number represents a higher priority." +msgstr "" +"安排一个新事件。 *time* 参数应该有一个数字类型兼容的返回值，与传递给构造函数的 *timefunc* 函数的返回值兼容。 计划在相同 " +"*time* 的事件将按其 *priority* 的顺序执行。 数字越小表示优先级越高。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Executing the event means executing ``action(*argument, **kwargs)``. " +"*argument* is a sequence holding the positional arguments for *action*. " +"*kwargs* is a dictionary holding the keyword arguments for *action*." +msgstr "" +"执行事件意为执行 ``action(*argument, **kwargs)``。 *argument* 是包含有 *action* 的位置参数的序列。" +" *kwargs* 是包含 *action* 的关键字参数的字典。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Return value is an event which may be used for later cancellation of the " +"event (see :meth:`cancel`)." +msgstr "返回值是一个事件，可用于以后取消事件（ 参见 :meth:`cancel` ）。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:86 ../../library/sched.rst:99 +msgid "*argument* parameter is optional." +msgstr "*argument* 参数是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:89 ../../library/sched.rst:102 +msgid "*kwargs* parameter was added." +msgstr "添加了 *kwargs* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Schedule an event for *delay* more time units. Other than the relative time," +" the other arguments, the effect and the return value are the same as those " +"for :meth:`enterabs`." +msgstr "安排延后 *delay* 时间单位的事件。 除了时间是相对的，其他参数、效果和返回值与 :meth:`enterabs` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:107 +msgid "" +"Remove the event from the queue. If *event* is not an event currently in the" +" queue, this method will raise a :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "从队列中删除事件。 如果 *event* 不是当前队列中的事件，则此方法将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:113 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the event queue is empty." +msgstr "如果事件队列为空则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Run all scheduled events. This method will wait (using the *delayfunc* " +"function passed to the constructor) for the next event, then execute it and " +"so on until there are no more scheduled events." +msgstr "" +"运行所有计划事件。 此方法将等待（使用传递给构造器的 *delayfunc* 函数）进行下一个事件，然后执行它，依此类推直到没有更多的计划事件。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:122 +msgid "" +"If *blocking* is false executes the scheduled events due to expire soonest " +"(if any) and then return the deadline of the next scheduled call in the " +"scheduler (if any)." +msgstr "如果 *blocking* 为false，则执行最快到期（如果有）的预定事件，然后在调度程序中返回下一个预定调用的截止时间（如果有）。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Either *action* or *delayfunc* can raise an exception. In either case, the " +"scheduler will maintain a consistent state and propagate the exception. If " +"an exception is raised by *action*, the event will not be attempted in " +"future calls to :meth:`run`." +msgstr "" +"*action* 或 *delayfunc* 都可以引发异常。 在任何一种情况下，调度程序都将保持一致状态并传播异常。 如果 *action* " +"引发异常，则在将来调用 :meth:`run` 时不会尝试该事件。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:131 +msgid "" +"If a sequence of events takes longer to run than the time available before " +"the next event, the scheduler will simply fall behind. No events will be " +"dropped; the calling code is responsible for canceling events which are no " +"longer pertinent." +msgstr "如果一系列事件的运行时间大于下一个事件发生前的可用时间，那么调度程序只会保持落后。 没有事件会被丢弃；调用代码负责取消不再相关的事件。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:136 +msgid "*blocking* parameter was added." +msgstr "添加了 *blocking* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Read-only attribute returning a list of upcoming events in the order they " +"will be run. Each event is shown as a :term:`named tuple` with the " +"following fields: time, priority, action, argument, kwargs." +msgstr "" +"只读属性，按照计划运行的顺序返回即将发生的事件列表。 每个事件都显示为 :term:`named tuple` " +"，包含以下字段：time、priority、action、argument、kwargs。" + +#: ../../library/sched.rst:11 +msgid "event scheduling" +msgstr "事件排期" diff --git a/library/secrets.po b/library/secrets.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9ed3fe1d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/secrets.po @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`!secrets` --- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets" +msgstr ":mod:`!secrets` --- 生成管理密码的安全随机数" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:16 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/secrets.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/secrets.py`" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`secrets` module is used for generating cryptographically strong " +"random numbers suitable for managing data such as passwords, account " +"authentication, security tokens, and related secrets." +msgstr ":mod:`secrets` 模块用于生成高度加密的随机数，适于管理密码、账户验证、安全凭据及机密数据。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:24 +msgid "" +"In particular, :mod:`secrets` should be used in preference to the default " +"pseudo-random number generator in the :mod:`random` module, which is " +"designed for modelling and simulation, not security or cryptography." +msgstr "" +"最好用 :mod:`secrets` 替代 :mod:`random` 模块的默认伪随机数生成器，该生成器适用于建模和模拟，不宜用于安全与加密。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:30 +msgid ":pep:`506`" +msgstr ":pep:`506`" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:34 +msgid "Random numbers" +msgstr "随机数" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`secrets` module provides access to the most secure source of " +"randomness that your operating system provides." +msgstr ":mod:`secrets` 模块是操作系统提供的最安全地随机性来源。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:41 +msgid "" +"A class for generating random numbers using the highest-quality sources " +"provided by the operating system. See :class:`random.SystemRandom` for " +"additional details." +msgstr "用操作系统提供的最高质量源生成随机数的类。详见 :class:`random.SystemRandom`。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:47 +msgid "Return a randomly chosen element from a non-empty sequence." +msgstr "返回一个从非空序列中随机选取的元素。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:51 +msgid "Return a random int in the range [0, *exclusive_upper_bound*)." +msgstr "返回 [0, *exclusive_upper_bound*) 范围内的随机整数。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:55 +msgid "Return a non-negative int with *k* random bits." +msgstr "返回有 *k* 个随机比特位的非负数。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:59 +msgid "Generating tokens" +msgstr "生成 Token" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:61 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`secrets` module provides functions for generating secure tokens, " +"suitable for applications such as password resets, hard-to-guess URLs, and " +"similar." +msgstr ":mod:`secrets` 模块提供了生成安全 Token 的函数，适用于密码重置、密保 URL 等应用场景。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Return a random byte string containing *nbytes* number of bytes. If *nbytes*" +" is ``None`` or not supplied, a reasonable default is used." +msgstr "" +"返回含 *nbytes* 个字节的随机字节字符串。如果未提供 *nbytes*，或*nbytes* 为 ``None``，则使用合理的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:71 +msgid "" +">>> token_bytes(16)\n" +"b'\\xebr\\x17D*t\\xae\\xd4\\xe3S\\xb6\\xe2\\xebP1\\x8b'" +msgstr "" +">>> token_bytes(16)\n" +"b'\\xebr\\x17D*t\\xae\\xd4\\xe3S\\xb6\\xe2\\xebP1\\x8b'" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Return a random text string, in hexadecimal. The string has *nbytes* random" +" bytes, each byte converted to two hex digits. If *nbytes* is ``None`` or " +"not supplied, a reasonable default is used." +msgstr "" +"返回十六进制随机文本字符串。字符串有 *nbytes* 个随机字节，每个字节转换为两个十六进制数码。未提供 *nbytes* 或为 ``None`` " +"时，则使用合理的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:83 +msgid "" +">>> token_hex(16)\n" +"'f9bf78b9a18ce6d46a0cd2b0b86df9da'" +msgstr "" +">>> token_hex(16)\n" +"'f9bf78b9a18ce6d46a0cd2b0b86df9da'" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Return a random URL-safe text string, containing *nbytes* random bytes. The" +" text is Base64 encoded, so on average each byte results in approximately " +"1.3 characters. If *nbytes* is ``None`` or not supplied, a reasonable " +"default is used." +msgstr "" +"返回安全的 URL 随机文本字符串，包含 *nbytes* 个随机字节。文本用 Base64 编码，平均来说，每个字节对应 1.3 个结果字符。未提供 " +"*nbytes* 或为 ``None`` 时，则使用合理的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:95 +msgid "" +">>> token_urlsafe(16)\n" +"'Drmhze6EPcv0fN_81Bj-nA'" +msgstr "" +">>> token_urlsafe(16)\n" +"'Drmhze6EPcv0fN_81Bj-nA'" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:102 +msgid "How many bytes should tokens use?" +msgstr "Token 应当使用多少个字节？" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:104 +msgid "" +"To be secure against `brute-force attacks " +"`_, tokens need to have " +"sufficient randomness. Unfortunately, what is considered sufficient will " +"necessarily increase as computers get more powerful and able to make more " +"guesses in a shorter period. As of 2015, it is believed that 32 bytes (256 " +"bits) of randomness is sufficient for the typical use-case expected for the " +":mod:`secrets` module." +msgstr "" +"为了在面对 `暴力攻击 `_ 时保证安全，Token" +" 的随机性必须足够高。随着计算机推衍能力的不断提升，随机性的安全标准也要不断提高。比如 2015 年，32 字节（256 位）的随机性对于 " +":mod:`secrets` 模块的典型用例就已经足够了。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:112 +msgid "" +"For those who want to manage their own token length, you can explicitly " +"specify how much randomness is used for tokens by giving an :class:`int` " +"argument to the various ``token_*`` functions. That argument is taken as " +"the number of bytes of randomness to use." +msgstr "" +"要自行管理 Token 长度的用户，可以通过为 ``token_*`` 函数指定 :class:`int` 参数显式指定 Token " +"要使用多大的随机性。该参数以字节数表示随机性大小。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, if no argument is provided, or if the argument is ``None``, the " +"``token_*`` functions will use a reasonable default instead." +msgstr "反之，如果未提供参数，或参数为 ``None``，则 ``token_*`` 函数将使用合理的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:122 +msgid "" +"That default is subject to change at any time, including during maintenance " +"releases." +msgstr "该默认值随时可能会改变，比如，版本更新的时候。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:127 +msgid "Other functions" +msgstr "其他功能" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if strings or :term:`bytes-like objects `" +" *a* and *b* are equal, otherwise ``False``, using a \"constant-time " +"compare\" to reduce the risk of `timing attacks " +"`_. See " +":func:`hmac.compare_digest` for additional details." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串或 :term:`字节型对象 ` *a* 与 *b* 相等则返回 ``True``，否则返回 " +"``False``，使用了“常数时间比较”来降低 `定时攻击 `_ 的风险。请参阅 :func:`hmac.compare_digest` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:140 +msgid "Recipes and best practices" +msgstr "应用技巧与最佳实践" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:142 +msgid "" +"This section shows recipes and best practices for using :mod:`secrets` to " +"manage a basic level of security." +msgstr "本节展示了一些使用 :mod:`secrets` 管理基本安全级别的应用技巧和最佳实践。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:145 +msgid "Generate an eight-character alphanumeric password:" +msgstr "生成长度为八个字符的字母数字密码：" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:147 +msgid "" +"import string\n" +"import secrets\n" +"alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits\n" +"password = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for i in range(8))" +msgstr "" +"import string\n" +"import secrets\n" +"alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits\n" +"password = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for i in range(8))" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Applications should not :cwe:`store passwords in a recoverable format " +"<257>`, whether plain text or encrypted. They should be salted and hashed " +"using a cryptographically strong one-way (irreversible) hash function." +msgstr "" +"应用程序不应该 :cwe:`以可恢复的格式存储密码 <257>`，无论是纯文本的还是加密的。 " +"它们应当使用高加密强度的单向（不可逆）哈希函数加盐并执行哈希运算。" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Generate a ten-character alphanumeric password with at least one lowercase " +"character, at least one uppercase character, and at least three digits:" +msgstr "生成长度为十个字符的字母数字密码，包含至少一个小写字母，至少一个大写字母以及至少三个数字：" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:167 +msgid "" +"import string\n" +"import secrets\n" +"alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits\n" +"while True:\n" +" password = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for i in range(10))\n" +" if (any(c.islower() for c in password)\n" +" and any(c.isupper() for c in password)\n" +" and sum(c.isdigit() for c in password) >= 3):\n" +" break" +msgstr "" +"import string\n" +"import secrets\n" +"alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits\n" +"while True:\n" +" password = ''.join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for i in range(10))\n" +" if (any(c.islower() for c in password)\n" +" and any(c.isupper() for c in password)\n" +" and sum(c.isdigit() for c in password) >= 3):\n" +" break" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:180 +msgid "Generate an `XKCD-style passphrase `_:" +msgstr "生成 `XKCD 风格的密码串 `_：" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:182 +msgid "" +"import secrets\n" +"# On standard Linux systems, use a convenient dictionary file.\n" +"# Other platforms may need to provide their own word-list.\n" +"with open('/usr/share/dict/words') as f:\n" +" words = [word.strip() for word in f]\n" +" password = ' '.join(secrets.choice(words) for i in range(4))" +msgstr "" +"import secrets\n" +"# 在标准 Linux 系统中，使用方便的字典文件。\n" +"# 其他系统平台可能需要提供它们专用的词列表。\n" +"with open('/usr/share/dict/words') as f:\n" +" words = [word.strip() for word in f]\n" +" password = ' '.join(secrets.choice(words) for i in range(4))" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Generate a hard-to-guess temporary URL containing a security token suitable " +"for password recovery applications:" +msgstr "生成临时密保 URL，包含密码恢复应用的安全 Token：" + +#: ../../library/secrets.rst:195 +msgid "" +"import secrets\n" +"url = 'https://example.com/reset=' + secrets.token_urlsafe()" +msgstr "" +"import secrets\n" +"url = 'https://example.com/reset=' + secrets.token_urlsafe()" diff --git a/library/security_warnings.po b/library/security_warnings.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1befc6db2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/security_warnings.po @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-08-10 13:22+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:6 +msgid "Security Considerations" +msgstr "安全考量" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:8 +msgid "The following modules have specific security considerations:" +msgstr "下列模块具有专门的安全事项:" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:10 +msgid "" +":mod:`base64`: :ref:`base64 security considerations ` in " +":rfc:`4648`" +msgstr ":mod:`base64`: :ref:`base64 安全事项 `，参见 :rfc:`4648`" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:12 +msgid "" +":mod:`hashlib`: :ref:`all constructors take a \"usedforsecurity\" keyword-" +"only argument disabling known insecure and blocked algorithms `" +msgstr "" +":mod:`hashlib`: :ref:`所有构造器都接受一个 \"usedforsecurity\" 仅限关键字参数以停用已知的不安全和已封禁的算法" +" `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:15 +msgid "" +":mod:`http.server` is not suitable for production use, only implementing " +"basic security checks. See the :ref:`security considerations `." +msgstr "" +":mod:`http.server` 不适合生产用途，只实现了基本的安全检查。 请参阅 :ref:`安全性考量 `。" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:17 +msgid "" +":mod:`logging`: :ref:`Logging configuration uses eval() `" +msgstr ":mod:`logging`: :ref:`日志记录配置使用了 eval() `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:19 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: :ref:`Connection.recv() uses pickle " +"`" +msgstr "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: :ref:`Connection.recv() 使用了 pickle `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`pickle`: :ref:`Restricting globals in pickle `" +msgstr ":mod:`pickle`: :ref:`在 pickle 中限制全局变量 `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:22 +msgid "" +":mod:`random` shouldn't be used for security purposes, use :mod:`secrets` " +"instead" +msgstr ":mod:`random` 不应当被用于安全目的，而应改用 :mod:`secrets`" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:24 +msgid "" +":mod:`shelve`: :ref:`shelve is based on pickle and thus unsuitable for " +"dealing with untrusted sources `" +msgstr "" +":mod:`shelve`: :ref:`shelve 是基于 pickle 的因此不适用于处理不受信任的源 `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:26 +msgid ":mod:`ssl`: :ref:`SSL/TLS security considerations `" +msgstr ":mod:`ssl`: :ref:`SSL/TLS 安全事项 `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:27 +msgid "" +":mod:`subprocess`: :ref:`Subprocess security considerations `" +msgstr ":mod:`subprocess`: :ref:`子进程安全事项 `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:29 +msgid "" +":mod:`tempfile`: :ref:`mktemp is deprecated due to vulnerability to race " +"conditions `" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tempfile`: :ref:`mktemp 由于存在竞争条件缺陷已被弃用 `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:31 +msgid ":mod:`xml`: :ref:`XML vulnerabilities `" +msgstr ":mod:`xml`: :ref:`XML 安全缺陷 `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:32 +msgid "" +":mod:`zipfile`: :ref:`maliciously prepared .zip files can cause disk volume " +"exhaustion `" +msgstr "" +":mod:`zipfile`: :ref:`恶意处理的 .zip 文件可能导致硬盘空间耗尽 `" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:35 +msgid "" +"The :option:`-I` command line option can be used to run Python in isolated " +"mode. When it cannot be used, the :option:`-P` option or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` environment variable can be used to not prepend a " +"potentially unsafe path to :data:`sys.path` such as the current directory, " +"the script's directory or an empty string." +msgstr "" +":option:`-I` 命令行选项可被用来在隔离模式下运行 Python。 当它无法使用时，可以使用 :option:`-P` 选项或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` 环境变量以避免在 :data:`sys.path` " +"中预置一个潜在的不安全路径，如当前目录、脚本的目录或一个空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/security_warnings.rst:3 +msgid "security considerations" +msgstr "安全考量" diff --git a/library/select.po b/library/select.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4de9219c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/select.po @@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# 林行众 , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!select` --- Waiting for I/O completion" +msgstr ":mod:`!select` --- 等待 I/O 完成" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to the :c:func:`!select` and :c:func:`!poll` " +"functions available in most operating systems, :c:func:`!devpoll` available " +"on Solaris and derivatives, :c:func:`!epoll` available on Linux 2.5+ and " +":c:func:`!kqueue` available on most BSD. Note that on Windows, it only works" +" for sockets; on other operating systems, it also works for other file types" +" (in particular, on Unix, it works on pipes). It cannot be used on regular " +"files to determine whether a file has grown since it was last read." +msgstr "" +"该模块提供了对 :c:func:`!select` 和 :c:func:`!poll` " +"函数的访问，这在大多数操作系统上都是可用的，:c:func:`!devpoll` 在 Solaris " +"及其衍生系统上可用，:c:func:`!epoll` 在 Linux 2.5+ 上可用，而 :c:func:`!kqueue` 在大多数 BSD " +"上可用。 注意在 Windows 上，它仅适用于套接字；在其他操作系统上，它还适用于其他文件类型（特别是在 Unix 上，它还适用于管道）。 " +"它不能被用在常规文件上确定一个文件自其最后一次被读取后大小是否有增长。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`selectors` module allows high-level and efficient I/O " +"multiplexing, built upon the :mod:`select` module primitives. Users are " +"encouraged to use the :mod:`selectors` module instead, unless they want " +"precise control over the OS-level primitives used." +msgstr "" +":mod:`selectors` 模块是在 :mod:`select` 模块原型的基础上进行高级且高效的 I/O 复用。推荐用户改用 " +":mod:`selectors` 模块，除非用户希望对 OS 级的函数原型进行精确控制。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:177 ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:27 +msgid "The module defines the following:" +msgstr "该模块定义以下内容：" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:32 +msgid "A deprecated alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "一个被弃用的 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:34 +msgid "Following :pep:`3151`, this class was made an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "根据 :pep:`3151`，这个类是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:40 +msgid "" +"(Only supported on Solaris and derivatives.) Returns a ``/dev/poll`` " +"polling object; see section :ref:`devpoll-objects` below for the methods " +"supported by devpoll objects." +msgstr "" +"（仅支持 Solaris 及其衍生版本）返回一个 ``/dev/poll`` 轮询对象，请参阅下方 :ref:`devpoll-objects` 获取 " +"devpoll 对象所支持的方法。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!devpoll` objects are linked to the number of file descriptors " +"allowed at the time of instantiation. If your program reduces this value, " +":c:func:`!devpoll` will fail. If your program increases this value, " +":c:func:`!devpoll` may return an incomplete list of active file descriptors." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!devpoll` 对象与实例化时允许的文件描述符数量相关联。 如果你的程序减少该值，:c:func:`!devpoll` 将会失败。" +" 如果你的程序增加该值，:c:func:`!devpoll` 可能会返回不完整的活动文件描述符列表。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:50 ../../library/select.rst:79 +#: ../../library/select.rst:106 +msgid "The new file descriptor is :ref:`non-inheritable `." +msgstr "新的文件描述符是 :ref:`不可继承的 `。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:54 ../../library/select.rst:108 +msgid "The new file descriptor is now non-inheritable." +msgstr "新的文件描述符现在是不可继承的。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:59 +msgid "" +"(Only supported on Linux 2.5.44 and newer.) Return an edge polling object, " +"which can be used as Edge or Level Triggered interface for I/O events." +msgstr "（仅支持 Linux 2.5.44 或更高版本）返回一个 edge poll 对象，该对象可作为 I/O 事件的边缘触发或水平触发接口。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:63 +msgid "" +"*sizehint* informs epoll about the expected number of events to be " +"registered. It must be positive, or ``-1`` to use the default. It is only " +"used on older systems where :c:func:`!epoll_create1` is not available; " +"otherwise it has no effect (though its value is still checked)." +msgstr "" +"*sizehint* 通知 epoll 预计要注册的事件数量。 该值必须为正数，或为 ``-1`` 以使用默认值。 它仅在 " +":c:func:`!epoll_create1` 不可用的旧系统上会被使用，在其他情况下它没有任何作用（尽管仍会检查其值）。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:68 +msgid "" +"*flags* is deprecated and completely ignored. However, when supplied, its " +"value must be ``0`` or ``select.EPOLL_CLOEXEC``, otherwise ``OSError`` is " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"*flags* 已经弃用且完全被忽略。但是，如果提供该值，则它必须是 ``0`` 或 ``select.EPOLL_CLOEXEC``，否则会抛出 " +"``OSError`` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:72 +msgid "" +"See the :ref:`epoll-objects` section below for the methods supported by " +"epolling objects." +msgstr "请参阅下方 :ref:`epoll-objects` 获取 epoll 对象所支持的方法。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:75 +msgid "" +"``epoll`` objects support the context management protocol: when used in a " +":keyword:`with` statement, the new file descriptor is automatically closed " +"at the end of the block." +msgstr "" +"``epoll`` 对象支持上下文管理器：当在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用时，新建的文件描述符会在运行至语句块结束时自动关闭。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:81 +msgid "Added the *flags* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *flags* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added. The new file descriptor" +" is now non-inheritable." +msgstr "增加了对 :keyword:`with` 语句的支持。新的文件描述符现在是不可继承的。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The *flags* parameter. ``select.EPOLL_CLOEXEC`` is used by default now. Use" +" :func:`os.set_inheritable` to make the file descriptor inheritable." +msgstr "" +"*flags* 参数。现在默认采用 ``select.EPOLL_CLOEXEC`` 标志。使用 :func:`os.set_inheritable` " +"来让文件描述符可继承。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:95 +msgid "" +"(Not supported by all operating systems.) Returns a polling object, which " +"supports registering and unregistering file descriptors, and then polling " +"them for I/O events; see section :ref:`poll-objects` below for the methods " +"supported by polling objects." +msgstr "" +"（部分操作系统不支持）返回一个 poll 对象，该对象支持注册和注销文件描述符，支持对描述符进行轮询以获取 I/O 事件。请参阅下方 " +":ref:`poll-objects` 获取 poll 对象所支持的方法。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:103 +msgid "" +"(Only supported on BSD.) Returns a kernel queue object; see section " +":ref:`kqueue-objects` below for the methods supported by kqueue objects." +msgstr "（仅支持 BSD）返回一个内核队列对象，请参阅下方 :ref:`kqueue-objects` 获取 kqueue 对象所支持的方法。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:114 +msgid "" +"(Only supported on BSD.) Returns a kernel event object; see section " +":ref:`kevent-objects` below for the methods supported by kevent objects." +msgstr "（仅支持 BSD）返回一个内核事件对象，请参阅下方 :ref:`kevent-objects` 获取 kevent 对象所支持的方法。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:120 +msgid "" +"This is a straightforward interface to the Unix :c:func:`!select` system " +"call. The first three arguments are iterables of 'waitable objects': either " +"integers representing file descriptors or objects with a parameterless " +"method named :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` returning such an integer:" +msgstr "" +"这是一个明白直观的 Unix :c:func:`!select` 系统调用接口。 " +"前三个参数是产生“可等待对象”的可迭代对象：可以是代表文件描述符的整数，或是带有名为 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` " +"的返回这样的整数的无形参方法的对象:" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:125 +msgid "*rlist*: wait until ready for reading" +msgstr "*rlist*：等待，直到可以开始读取" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:126 +msgid "*wlist*: wait until ready for writing" +msgstr "*wlist*：等待，直到可以开始写入" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:127 +msgid "" +"*xlist*: wait for an \"exceptional condition\" (see the manual page for what" +" your system considers such a condition)" +msgstr "*xlist*：等待“异常情况”（请参阅当前系统的手册，以获取哪些情况称为异常情况）" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Empty iterables are allowed, but acceptance of three empty iterables is " +"platform-dependent. (It is known to work on Unix but not on Windows.) The " +"optional *timeout* argument specifies a time-out as a floating-point number " +"in seconds. When the *timeout* argument is omitted the function blocks " +"until at least one file descriptor is ready. A time-out value of zero " +"specifies a poll and never blocks." +msgstr "" +"允许空的可迭代对象，但是否接受三个空的可迭代对象则取决于具体平台。 （已知在 Unix 上可行但在 Windows 上不可行。） 可选的 " +"*timeout* 参数以一个浮点数表示超时秒数。 当省略 *timeout* 参数时该函数将阻塞直到至少有一个文件描述符准备就绪。 " +"超时值为零表示执行轮询且永不阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:137 +msgid "" +"The return value is a triple of lists of objects that are ready: subsets of " +"the first three arguments. When the time-out is reached without a file " +"descriptor becoming ready, three empty lists are returned." +msgstr "返回值是三个列表，包含已就绪对象，返回的三个列表是前三个参数的子集。当超时时间已到且没有文件描述符就绪时，返回三个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Among the acceptable object types in the iterables are Python :term:`file " +"objects ` (e.g. ``sys.stdin``, or objects returned by " +":func:`open` or :func:`os.popen`), socket objects returned by " +":func:`socket.socket`. You may also define a :dfn:`wrapper` class yourself," +" as long as it has an appropriate :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method (that " +"really returns a file descriptor, not just a random integer)." +msgstr "" +"可迭代对象中可接受的对象类型有 Python :term:`文件对象 ` (例如 ``sys.stdin`` 以及 " +":func:`open` 或 :func:`os.popen` 所返回的对象)，由 :func:`socket.socket` 返回的套接字对象等。 " +"你也可以自定义一个 :dfn:`wrapper` 类，只要它具有适当的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` " +"方法（该方法要确实返回一个文件描述符，而不能只是一个随机整数）。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:156 +msgid "" +"File objects on Windows are not acceptable, but sockets are. On Windows, " +"the underlying :c:func:`!select` function is provided by the WinSock " +"library, and does not handle file descriptors that don't originate from " +"WinSock." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上不接受文件对象，但可以接受套接字。 在 Windows 上，底层的 :c:func:`!select` 函数由 WinSock " +"库提供，且不会处理不是源自 WinSock 的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:161 ../../library/select.rst:267 +#: ../../library/select.rst:367 ../../library/select.rst:455 +#: ../../library/select.rst:496 +msgid "" +"The function is now retried with a recomputed timeout when interrupted by a " +"signal, except if the signal handler raises an exception (see :pep:`475` for" +" the rationale), instead of raising :exc:`InterruptedError`." +msgstr "" +"现在，当本函数被信号中断时，重试超时将从头开始计时，不会抛出 :exc:`InterruptedError` " +"异常。除非信号处理程序抛出异常（相关原理请参阅 :pep:`475`）。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:170 +msgid "" +"The minimum number of bytes which can be written without blocking to a pipe " +"when the pipe has been reported as ready for writing by " +":func:`~select.select`, :func:`!poll` or another interface in this module. " +"This doesn't apply to other kind of file-like objects such as sockets." +msgstr "" +"当 :func:`~select.select`、:func:`!poll` " +"或本模块中的其他接口报告管道已准备就绪可以写入时，可以在不阻塞该管道的情况下的最小字节数。 它这不适用于其他文件型对象，例如如套接字。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:175 +msgid "This value is guaranteed by POSIX to be at least 512." +msgstr "POSIX 上须保证该值不小于 512。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:185 +msgid "``/dev/poll`` Polling Objects" +msgstr "``/dev/poll`` 轮询对象" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Solaris and derivatives have ``/dev/poll``. While :c:func:`!select` is *O*\\" +" (*highest file descriptor*) and :c:func:`!poll` is *O*\\ (*number of file " +"descriptors*), ``/dev/poll`` is *O*\\ (*active file descriptors*)." +msgstr "" +"Solaris 及其衍生版本具有 ``/dev/poll``。 而 :c:func:`!select` 为 *O*\\ (*最高文件描述符*) 并且 " +":c:func:`!poll` 为 *O*\\ (*文件描述符数量*), ``/dev/poll`` 为 *O*\\ (*活动的文件描述符*)。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:191 +msgid "" +"``/dev/poll`` behaviour is very close to the standard :c:func:`!poll` " +"object." +msgstr "``/dev/poll`` 的行为非常接近标准 :c:func:`!poll` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:197 +msgid "Close the file descriptor of the polling object." +msgstr "关闭轮询对象的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:204 +msgid "``True`` if the polling object is closed." +msgstr "如果轮询对象已关闭，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:211 +msgid "Return the file descriptor number of the polling object." +msgstr "返回轮询对象的文件描述符对应的数字。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:218 ../../library/select.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Register a file descriptor with the polling object. Future calls to the " +":meth:`poll` method will then check whether the file descriptor has any " +"pending I/O events. *fd* can be either an integer, or an object with a " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method that returns an integer. File objects " +"implement :meth:`!fileno`, so they can also be used as the argument." +msgstr "" +"在轮询对象中注册文件描述符。这样，将来调用 :meth:`poll` 方法时将检查文件描述符是否有未处理的 I/O 事件。*fd* " +"可以是整数，也可以是带有 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法的对象（该方法返回一个整数）。文件对象已经实现了 " +":meth:`!fileno`，因此它们也可以用作参数。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:224 +msgid "" +"*eventmask* is an optional bitmask describing the type of events you want to" +" check for. The constants are the same that with :c:func:`!poll` object. The" +" default value is a combination of the constants :const:`POLLIN`, " +":const:`POLLPRI`, and :const:`POLLOUT`." +msgstr "" +"*eventmask* 是可选的位掩码，用于描述要检查的事件类型。 这些常量与 :c:func:`!poll` 对象的相同。 默认值是常量 " +":const:`POLLIN`、:const:`POLLPRI` 和 :const:`POLLOUT` 的组合。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Registering a file descriptor that's already registered is not an error, but" +" the result is undefined. The appropriate action is to unregister or modify " +"it first. This is an important difference compared with :c:func:`!poll`." +msgstr "注册已注册的文件描述符不会报错，但结果是未定义的。 适当的做法是先注销或修改它。 这是与:c:func:`!poll` 的一个重要区别。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:239 +msgid "" +"This method does an :meth:`unregister` followed by a :meth:`register`. It is" +" (a bit) more efficient that doing the same explicitly." +msgstr "此方法先执行 :meth:`unregister` 后执行 :meth:`register`。直接执行此操作效率（稍微）高一些。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:246 ../../library/select.rst:434 +msgid "" +"Remove a file descriptor being tracked by a polling object. Just like the " +":meth:`register` method, *fd* can be an integer or an object with a " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method that returns an integer." +msgstr "" +"删除轮询对象正在跟踪的某个文件描述符。与 :meth:`register` 方法类似，*fd* 可以是整数，也可以是带有 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法的对象（该方法返回一个整数）。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Attempting to remove a file descriptor that was never registered is safely " +"ignored." +msgstr "尝试删除从未注册过的文件描述符将被安全地忽略。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Polls the set of registered file descriptors, and returns a possibly empty " +"list containing ``(fd, event)`` 2-tuples for the descriptors that have " +"events or errors to report. *fd* is the file descriptor, and *event* is a " +"bitmask with bits set for the reported events for that descriptor --- " +":const:`POLLIN` for waiting input, :const:`POLLOUT` to indicate that the " +"descriptor can be written to, and so forth. An empty list indicates that the" +" call timed out and no file descriptors had any events to report. If " +"*timeout* is given, it specifies the length of time in milliseconds which " +"the system will wait for events before returning. If *timeout* is omitted, " +"-1, or :const:`None`, the call will block until there is an event for this " +"poll object." +msgstr "" +"轮询已注册的文件描述符的集合，并返回一个列表，列表可能为空，也可能有多个 ``(fd, event)`` 2元组，其中包含了要报告事件或错误的描述符。 " +"*fd* 是文件描述符，*event* 是一个位掩码，表示该描述符所报告的事件 --- :const:`POLLIN` " +"表示等待输入，:const:`POLLOUT` 表示该描述符可以写入，依此类推。 空列表表示调用超时，没有任何文件描述符报告事件。 如果指定了 " +"*timeout*，它将指定系统等待事件时，等待多长时间后返回（以毫秒为单位）。如果 *timeout* 被省略、为 -1 或为 " +":const:`None`，则本调用将阻塞，直到轮询对象发生事件为止。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:277 +msgid "Edge and Level Trigger Polling (epoll) Objects" +msgstr "边缘触发和水平触发的轮询 (epoll) 对象" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:279 +msgid "https://linux.die.net/man/4/epoll" +msgstr "https://linux.die.net/man/4/epoll" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:281 +msgid "*eventmask*" +msgstr "*eventmask*" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:284 ../../library/select.rst:402 +#: ../../library/select.rst:522 ../../library/select.rst:551 +#: ../../library/select.rst:582 ../../library/select.rst:590 +#: ../../library/select.rst:610 ../../library/select.rst:633 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:284 ../../library/select.rst:402 +#: ../../library/select.rst:522 ../../library/select.rst:551 +#: ../../library/select.rst:582 ../../library/select.rst:590 +#: ../../library/select.rst:610 ../../library/select.rst:633 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:286 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLIN`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLIN`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:286 +msgid "Available for read" +msgstr "可读" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:288 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLOUT`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLOUT`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:288 +msgid "Available for write" +msgstr "可写" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:290 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLPRI`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLPRI`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:290 +msgid "Urgent data for read" +msgstr "紧急数据读取" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:292 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLERR`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLERR`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:292 +msgid "Error condition happened on the assoc. fd" +msgstr "在关联的文件描述符上有错误情况发生" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:294 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLHUP`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLHUP`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:294 +msgid "Hang up happened on the assoc. fd" +msgstr "关联的文件描述符已挂起" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:296 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLET`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLET`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:296 +msgid "Set Edge Trigger behavior, the default is Level Trigger behavior" +msgstr "设置触发方式为边缘触发，默认为水平触发" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:299 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLONESHOT`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLONESHOT`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Set one-shot behavior. After one event is pulled out, the fd is internally " +"disabled" +msgstr "设置 one-shot 模式。触发一次事件后，该描述符会在轮询对象内部被禁用。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:302 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLEXCLUSIVE`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLEXCLUSIVE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:302 +msgid "" +"Wake only one epoll object when the associated fd has an event. The default " +"(if this flag is not set) is to wake all epoll objects polling on a fd." +msgstr "当已关联的描述符发生事件时，仅唤醒一个 epoll 对象。默认（如果未设置此标志）是唤醒所有轮询该描述符的 epoll 对象。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:307 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLRDHUP`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLRDHUP`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Stream socket peer closed connection or shut down writing half of " +"connection." +msgstr "流套接字的对侧关闭了连接或关闭了写入到一半的连接。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:310 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLRDNORM`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLRDNORM`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:310 +msgid "Equivalent to :const:`EPOLLIN`" +msgstr "等同于 :const:`EPOLLIN`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:312 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLRDBAND`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLRDBAND`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:312 +msgid "Priority data band can be read." +msgstr "可以读取优先数据带。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:314 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLWRNORM`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLWRNORM`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:314 +msgid "Equivalent to :const:`EPOLLOUT`" +msgstr "等同于 :const:`EPOLLOUT`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:316 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLWRBAND`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLWRBAND`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:316 +msgid "Priority data may be written." +msgstr "可以写入优先级数据。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:318 +msgid ":const:`EPOLLMSG`" +msgstr ":const:`EPOLLMSG`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:318 +msgid "Ignored." +msgstr "忽略" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:321 +msgid "" +":const:`EPOLLEXCLUSIVE` was added. It's only supported by Linux Kernel 4.5 " +"or later." +msgstr "增加了 :const:`EPOLLEXCLUSIVE`。仅支持 Linux Kernel 4.5 或更高版本。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:327 +msgid "Close the control file descriptor of the epoll object." +msgstr "关闭用于控制 epoll 对象的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:332 +msgid "``True`` if the epoll object is closed." +msgstr "如果 epoll 对象已关闭，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:337 ../../library/select.rst:479 +msgid "Return the file descriptor number of the control fd." +msgstr "返回文件描述符对应的数字，该描述符用于控制 epoll 对象。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:342 +msgid "Create an epoll object from a given file descriptor." +msgstr "根据给定的文件描述符创建 epoll 对象。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:347 +msgid "Register a fd descriptor with the epoll object." +msgstr "在 epoll 对象中注册一个文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:352 +msgid "Modify a registered file descriptor." +msgstr "修改一个已注册的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:357 +msgid "Remove a registered file descriptor from the epoll object." +msgstr "从 epoll 对象中删除一个已注册的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:359 +msgid "The method no longer ignores the :data:`~errno.EBADF` error." +msgstr "此方法不会再忽略 :data:`~errno.EBADF` 错误。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:365 +msgid "Wait for events. timeout in seconds (float)" +msgstr "等待事件发生，timeout 是浮点数，单位为秒。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:377 +msgid "Polling Objects" +msgstr "Poll 对象" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:379 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!poll` system call, supported on most Unix systems, provides " +"better scalability for network servers that service many, many clients at " +"the same time. :c:func:`!poll` scales better because the system call only " +"requires listing the file descriptors of interest, while :c:func:`!select` " +"builds a bitmap, turns on bits for the fds of interest, and then afterward " +"the whole bitmap has to be linearly scanned again. :c:func:`!select` is " +"*O*\\ (*highest file descriptor*), while :c:func:`!poll` is *O*\\ (*number " +"of file descriptors*)." +msgstr "" +"大多数 Unix 系统都支持 :c:func:`!poll` 系统调用，它为网络服务器提供了更好的可伸缩性，可以同时为大量客户端提供服务。 " +":c:func:`!poll` 的可伸缩性更好是因为该系统只须列出要关注的文件描述符，而 :c:func:`!select` " +"则会构建一个位映射表，打开这个要关注的描述符所对应的比特位，然后再次线性扫描整个位映射表。 :c:func:`!select` 的复杂度为 *O*\\ " +"(*最高文件描述符*)，而 :c:func:`!poll` 则为 *O*\\ (*文件描述符的数量*)。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:396 +msgid "" +"*eventmask* is an optional bitmask describing the type of events you want to" +" check for, and can be a combination of the constants :const:`POLLIN`, " +":const:`POLLPRI`, and :const:`POLLOUT`, described in the table below. If " +"not specified, the default value used will check for all 3 types of events." +msgstr "" +"*eventmask* 是可选的位掩码，用于指定要检查的事件类型，它可以是常量 :const:`POLLIN`、:const:`POLLPRI` 和 " +":const:`POLLOUT` 的组合，如下表所述。如果未指定本参数，默认将会检查所有 3 种类型的事件。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:404 +msgid ":const:`POLLIN`" +msgstr ":const:`POLLIN`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:404 +msgid "There is data to read" +msgstr "有要读取的数据" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:406 +msgid ":const:`POLLPRI`" +msgstr ":const:`POLLPRI`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:406 +msgid "There is urgent data to read" +msgstr "有紧急数据需要读取" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:408 +msgid ":const:`POLLOUT`" +msgstr ":const:`POLLOUT`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:408 +msgid "Ready for output: writing will not block" +msgstr "准备输出：写不会阻塞" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:410 +msgid ":const:`POLLERR`" +msgstr ":const:`POLLERR`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:410 +msgid "Error condition of some sort" +msgstr "某种错误条件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:412 +msgid ":const:`POLLHUP`" +msgstr ":const:`POLLHUP`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:412 +msgid "Hung up" +msgstr "挂起" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:414 +msgid ":const:`POLLRDHUP`" +msgstr ":const:`POLLRDHUP`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:414 +msgid "" +"Stream socket peer closed connection, or shut down writing half of " +"connection" +msgstr "流套接字的对侧关闭了连接，或关闭了写入到一半的连接" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:417 +msgid ":const:`POLLNVAL`" +msgstr ":const:`POLLNVAL`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:417 +msgid "Invalid request: descriptor not open" +msgstr "无效的请求：描述符未打开" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Registering a file descriptor that's already registered is not an error, and" +" has the same effect as registering the descriptor exactly once." +msgstr "注册已注册过的文件描述符不会报错，且等同于只注册一次该描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:426 +msgid "" +"Modifies an already registered fd. This has the same effect as " +"``register(fd, eventmask)``. Attempting to modify a file descriptor that " +"was never registered causes an :exc:`OSError` exception with errno " +":const:`ENOENT` to be raised." +msgstr "" +"修改一个已注册的文件描述符，等同于 ``register(fd, eventmask)``。尝试修改未注册的文件描述符会抛出 " +":exc:`OSError` 异常，错误码为 :const:`ENOENT`。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:438 +msgid "" +"Attempting to remove a file descriptor that was never registered causes a " +":exc:`KeyError` exception to be raised." +msgstr "尝试删除从未注册过的文件描述符会抛出 :exc:`KeyError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:444 +msgid "" +"Polls the set of registered file descriptors, and returns a possibly empty " +"list containing ``(fd, event)`` 2-tuples for the descriptors that have " +"events or errors to report. *fd* is the file descriptor, and *event* is a " +"bitmask with bits set for the reported events for that descriptor --- " +":const:`POLLIN` for waiting input, :const:`POLLOUT` to indicate that the " +"descriptor can be written to, and so forth. An empty list indicates that the" +" call timed out and no file descriptors had any events to report. If " +"*timeout* is given, it specifies the length of time in milliseconds which " +"the system will wait for events before returning. If *timeout* is omitted, " +"negative, or :const:`None`, the call will block until there is an event for " +"this poll object." +msgstr "" +"轮询已注册的文件描述符的集合，并返回一个列表，列表可能为空，也可能有多个 ``(fd, event)`` 2元组，其中包含了要报告事件或错误的描述符。 " +"*fd* 是文件描述符，*event* 是一个位掩码，表示该描述符所报告的事件 --- :const:`POLLIN` " +"表示等待输入，:const:`POLLOUT` 表示该描述符可以写入，依此类推。 空列表表示调用超时，没有任何文件描述符报告事件。 如果指定了 " +"*timeout*，它将指定系统等待事件时，等待多长时间后返回（以毫秒为单位）。如果 *timeout* 被省略、为 -1 或为 " +":const:`None`，则本调用将阻塞，直到轮询对象发生事件为止。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:465 +msgid "Kqueue Objects" +msgstr "Kqueue 对象" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:469 +msgid "Close the control file descriptor of the kqueue object." +msgstr "关闭用于控制 kqueue 对象的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:474 +msgid "``True`` if the kqueue object is closed." +msgstr "如果 kqueue 对象已关闭，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:484 +msgid "Create a kqueue object from a given file descriptor." +msgstr "根据给定的文件描述符创建 kqueue 对象。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:489 +msgid "Low level interface to kevent" +msgstr "Kevent 的低级接口" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:491 +msgid "changelist must be an iterable of kevent objects or ``None``" +msgstr "changelist 必须是一个可迭代对象，迭代出 kevent 对象，否则置为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:492 +msgid "max_events must be 0 or a positive integer" +msgstr "max_events 必须是 0 或一个正整数。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:493 +msgid "" +"timeout in seconds (floats possible); the default is ``None``, to wait " +"forever" +msgstr "timeout 单位为秒（一般为浮点数），默认为 ``None``，即永不超时。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:506 +msgid "Kevent Objects" +msgstr "Kevent 对象" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:508 +msgid "https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2" +msgstr "https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:512 +msgid "" +"Value used to identify the event. The interpretation depends on the filter " +"but it's usually the file descriptor. In the constructor ident can either be" +" an int or an object with a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method. kevent stores " +"the integer internally." +msgstr "" +"用于区分事件的标识值。其解释取决于筛选器，但该值通常是文件描述符。在构造函数中，该标识值可以是整数或带有 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法的对象。kevent 在内部存储整数。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:519 +msgid "Name of the kernel filter." +msgstr "内核筛选器的名称。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:524 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_READ`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_READ`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:524 +msgid "" +"Takes a descriptor and returns whenever there is data available to read" +msgstr "获取描述符，并在有数据可读时返回" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:527 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_WRITE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_WRITE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:527 +msgid "" +"Takes a descriptor and returns whenever there is data available to write" +msgstr "获取描述符，并在有数据可写时返回" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:530 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_AIO`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_AIO`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:530 +msgid "AIO requests" +msgstr "AIO 请求" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:532 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_VNODE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_VNODE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:532 +msgid "" +"Returns when one or more of the requested events watched in *fflag* occurs" +msgstr "当在 *fflag* 中监视的一个或多个请求事件发生时返回" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:535 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_PROC`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_PROC`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:535 +msgid "Watch for events on a process id" +msgstr "监视进程ID上的事件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:537 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_NETDEV`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_NETDEV`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:537 +msgid "Watch for events on a network device [not available on macOS]" +msgstr "观察网络设备上的事件 [在 macOS 上不可用]" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:540 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_SIGNAL`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_SIGNAL`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:540 +msgid "Returns whenever the watched signal is delivered to the process" +msgstr "每当监视的信号传递到进程时返回" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:543 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_TIMER`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_TIMER`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:543 +msgid "Establishes an arbitrary timer" +msgstr "建立一个任意的计时器" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:548 +msgid "Filter action." +msgstr "筛选器操作。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:553 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_ADD`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_ADD`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:553 +msgid "Adds or modifies an event" +msgstr "添加或修改事件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:555 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_DELETE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_DELETE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:555 +msgid "Removes an event from the queue" +msgstr "从队列中删除事件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:557 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_ENABLE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_ENABLE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:557 +msgid "Permitscontrol() to returns the event" +msgstr "Permitscontrol() 返回事件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:559 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_DISABLE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_DISABLE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:559 +msgid "Disablesevent" +msgstr "禁用事件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:561 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_ONESHOT`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_ONESHOT`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:561 +msgid "Removes event after first occurrence" +msgstr "在第一次发生后删除事件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:563 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_CLEAR`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_CLEAR`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:563 +msgid "Reset the state after an event is retrieved" +msgstr "检索事件后重置状态" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:565 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_SYSFLAGS`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_SYSFLAGS`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:565 ../../library/select.rst:567 +msgid "internal event" +msgstr "内部事件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:567 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_FLAG1`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_FLAG1`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:569 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_EOF`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_EOF`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:569 +msgid "Filter specific EOF condition" +msgstr "筛选特定EOF条件" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:571 +msgid ":const:`KQ_EV_ERROR`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_EV_ERROR`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:571 +msgid "See return values" +msgstr "请参阅返回值" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:577 +msgid "Filter specific flags." +msgstr "筛选特定标志。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:579 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_READ` and :const:`KQ_FILTER_WRITE` filter flags:" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_READ` 和 :const:`KQ_FILTER_WRITE` 筛选标志：" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:584 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LOWAT`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LOWAT`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:584 +msgid "low water mark of a socket buffer" +msgstr "套接字缓冲区的低水线" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:587 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_VNODE` filter flags:" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_VNODE` 筛选标志：" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:592 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_DELETE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_DELETE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:592 +msgid "*unlink()* was called" +msgstr "已调用 *unlink()*" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:594 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_WRITE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_WRITE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:594 +msgid "a write occurred" +msgstr "发生写入" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:596 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_EXTEND`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_EXTEND`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:596 +msgid "the file was extended" +msgstr "文件已扩展" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:598 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_ATTRIB`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_ATTRIB`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:598 +msgid "an attribute was changed" +msgstr "属性已更改" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:600 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINK`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINK`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:600 +msgid "the link count has changed" +msgstr "链接计数已更改" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:602 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_RENAME`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_RENAME`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:602 +msgid "the file was renamed" +msgstr "文件已重命名" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:604 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_REVOKE`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_REVOKE`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:604 +msgid "access to the file was revoked" +msgstr "对文件的访问权限已被撤销" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:607 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_PROC` filter flags:" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_PROC` filter flags:" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:612 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_EXIT`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_EXIT`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:612 +msgid "the process has exited" +msgstr "进程已退出" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:614 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_FORK`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_FORK`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:614 +msgid "the process has called *fork()*" +msgstr "该进程调用了 *fork()*" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:616 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_EXEC`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_EXEC`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:616 +msgid "the process has executed a new process" +msgstr "进程已执行新进程" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:618 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_PCTRLMASK`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_PCTRLMASK`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:618 ../../library/select.rst:620 +msgid "internal filter flag" +msgstr "内部筛选器标志" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:620 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_PDATAMASK`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_PDATAMASK`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:622 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_TRACK`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_TRACK`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:622 +msgid "follow a process across *fork()*" +msgstr "跨 *fork()* 执行进程" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:624 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_CHILD`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_CHILD`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:624 +msgid "returned on the child process for *NOTE_TRACK*" +msgstr "在 *NOTE_TRACK* 的子进程上返回" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:627 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_TRACKERR`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_TRACKERR`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:627 +msgid "unable to attach to a child" +msgstr "无法附加到子对象" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:630 +msgid ":const:`KQ_FILTER_NETDEV` filter flags (not available on macOS):" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_FILTER_NETDEV` 过滤器旗标 (在 macOS 上不可用):" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:635 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINKUP`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINKUP`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:635 +msgid "link is up" +msgstr "链接已建立" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:637 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINKDOWN`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINKDOWN`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:637 +msgid "link is down" +msgstr "链接已断开" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:639 +msgid ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINKINV`" +msgstr ":const:`KQ_NOTE_LINKINV`" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:639 +msgid "link state is invalid" +msgstr "链接状态无效" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:645 +msgid "Filter specific data." +msgstr "筛选特定数据。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:650 +msgid "User defined value." +msgstr "用户自定义值。" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:141 +msgid "socket() (in module socket)" +msgstr "socket() (在 socket 模块中)" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:141 +msgid "popen() (in module os)" +msgstr "popen() (在 os 模块中)" + +#: ../../library/select.rst:154 +msgid "WinSock" +msgstr "WinSock" diff --git a/library/selectors.po b/library/selectors.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50ab2ce66 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/selectors.po @@ -0,0 +1,452 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ausaki , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!selectors` --- High-level I/O multiplexing" +msgstr ":mod:`!selectors` --- 高层级 I/O 复用" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/selectors.py`" +msgstr "**源码:** :source:`Lib/selectors.py`" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:14 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module allows high-level and efficient I/O multiplexing, built upon the" +" :mod:`select` module primitives. Users are encouraged to use this module " +"instead, unless they want precise control over the OS-level primitives used." +msgstr "" +"此模块允许高层级且高效率的 I/O 复用，它建立在 :mod:`select` 模块原型的基础之上。 推荐用户改用此模块，除非他们希望对所使用的 OS " +"层级原型进行精确控制。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:20 +msgid "" +"It defines a :class:`BaseSelector` abstract base class, along with several " +"concrete implementations (:class:`KqueueSelector`, " +":class:`EpollSelector`...), that can be used to wait for I/O readiness " +"notification on multiple file objects. In the following, \"file object\" " +"refers to any object with a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method, or a raw file " +"descriptor. See :term:`file object`." +msgstr "" +"它定义了一个 :class:`BaseSelector` 抽象基类，以及多个具体实现 (:class:`KqueueSelector`, " +":class:`EpollSelector`...)，它们可被用于在多个文件对象上等待 I/O 就绪通知。 在下文中，“文件对象”是指任何具有 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法的对象，或是一个原始文件描述符。 参见 :term:`file object`。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:26 +msgid "" +":class:`DefaultSelector` is an alias to the most efficient implementation " +"available on the current platform: this should be the default choice for " +"most users." +msgstr ":class:`DefaultSelector` 是一个指向当前平台上可用的最高效实现的别名：这应为大多数用户的默认选择。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:31 +msgid "" +"The type of file objects supported depends on the platform: on Windows, " +"sockets are supported, but not pipes, whereas on Unix, both are supported " +"(some other types may be supported as well, such as fifos or special file " +"devices)." +msgstr "" +"受支持的文件对象类型取决于具体平台：在 Windows 上，支持套接字但不支持管道，而在 Unix 上两者均受支持（某些其他类型也可能受支持，例如 " +"fifo 或特殊文件设备等）。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:38 +msgid ":mod:`select`" +msgstr ":mod:`select`" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:39 +msgid "Low-level I/O multiplexing module." +msgstr "低层级的 I/O 多路复用模块。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:44 +msgid "Classes" +msgstr "类" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:46 +msgid "Classes hierarchy::" +msgstr "类的层次结构::" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:48 +msgid "" +"BaseSelector\n" +"+-- SelectSelector\n" +"+-- PollSelector\n" +"+-- EpollSelector\n" +"+-- DevpollSelector\n" +"+-- KqueueSelector" +msgstr "" +"BaseSelector\n" +"+-- SelectSelector\n" +"+-- PollSelector\n" +"+-- EpollSelector\n" +"+-- DevpollSelector\n" +"+-- KqueueSelector" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:56 +msgid "" +"In the following, *events* is a bitwise mask indicating which I/O events " +"should be waited for on a given file object. It can be a combination of the " +"modules constants below:" +msgstr "下文中，*events* 一个位掩码，指明哪些 I/O 事件要在给定的文件对象上执行等待。 它可以是以下模块级常量的组合:" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:61 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:61 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:63 +msgid "Available for read" +msgstr "可读" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:65 +msgid "Available for write" +msgstr "可写" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:71 +msgid "" +"A :class:`SelectorKey` is a :class:`~collections.namedtuple` used to " +"associate a file object to its underlying file descriptor, selected event " +"mask and attached data. It is returned by several :class:`BaseSelector` " +"methods." +msgstr "" +":class:`SelectorKey` 是一个 " +":class:`~collections.namedtuple`，用来将文件对象关联到其下层的文件描述符、选定事件掩码和附加数据等。 它会被某些 " +":class:`BaseSelector` 方法返回。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:78 +msgid "File object registered." +msgstr "已注册的文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:82 +msgid "Underlying file descriptor." +msgstr "下层的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:86 +msgid "Events that must be waited for on this file object." +msgstr "必须在此文件对象上被等待的事件。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Optional opaque data associated to this file object: for example, this could" +" be used to store a per-client session ID." +msgstr "可选的关联到此文件对象的不透明数据：例如，这可被用来存储各个客户端的会话 ID。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:96 +msgid "" +"A :class:`BaseSelector` is used to wait for I/O event readiness on multiple " +"file objects. It supports file stream registration, unregistration, and a " +"method to wait for I/O events on those streams, with an optional timeout. " +"It's an abstract base class, so cannot be instantiated. Use " +":class:`DefaultSelector` instead, or one of :class:`SelectSelector`, " +":class:`KqueueSelector` etc. if you want to specifically use an " +"implementation, and your platform supports it. :class:`BaseSelector` and its" +" concrete implementations support the :term:`context manager` protocol." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`BaseSelector`，用来在多个文件对象上等待 I/O 事件就绪。 它支持文件流注册、注销，以及在这些流上等待 I/O " +"事件的方法。 它是一个抽象基类，因此不能被实例化。 请改用 :class:`DefaultSelector`，或者 " +":class:`SelectSelector`, :class:`KqueueSelector` 等。 " +"如果你想要指明使用某个实现，并且你的平台支持它的话。 :class:`BaseSelector` 及其具体实现支持 :term:`context " +"manager` 协议。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:108 +msgid "Register a file object for selection, monitoring it for I/O events." +msgstr "注册一个用于选择的文件对象，在其上监视 I/O 事件。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:110 +msgid "" +"*fileobj* is the file object to monitor. It may either be an integer file " +"descriptor or an object with a ``fileno()`` method. *events* is a bitwise " +"mask of events to monitor. *data* is an opaque object." +msgstr "" +"*fileobj* 是要监视的文件对象。 它可以是整数形式的文件描述符或者具有 ``fileno()`` 方法的对象。 *events* " +"是要监视的事件的位掩码。 *data* 是一个不透明对象。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:115 +msgid "" +"This returns a new :class:`SelectorKey` instance, or raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` in case of invalid event mask or file descriptor, or " +":exc:`KeyError` if the file object is already registered." +msgstr "" +"这将返回一个新的 :class:`SelectorKey` 实例，或在出现无效事件掩码或文件描述符时引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`，或在文件对象已被注册时引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Unregister a file object from selection, removing it from monitoring. A file" +" object shall be unregistered prior to being closed." +msgstr "注销对一个文件对象的选择，移除对它的监视。 在文件对象被关闭之前应当先将其注销。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:124 +msgid "*fileobj* must be a file object previously registered." +msgstr "*fileobj* 必须是之前已注册的文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:126 +msgid "" +"This returns the associated :class:`SelectorKey` instance, or raises a " +":exc:`KeyError` if *fileobj* is not registered. It will raise " +":exc:`ValueError` if *fileobj* is invalid (e.g. it has no ``fileno()`` " +"method or its ``fileno()`` method has an invalid return value)." +msgstr "" +"这将返回已关联的 :class:`SelectorKey` 实例，或者如果 *fileobj* 未注册则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。 It " +"will raise :exc:`ValueError` 如果 *fileobj* 无效（例如它没有 ``fileno()`` 方法或其 " +"``fileno()`` 方法返回无效值）。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:133 +msgid "Change a registered file object's monitored events or attached data." +msgstr "更改已注册文件对象所监视的事件或所附带的数据。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:135 +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to ``BaseSelector.unregister(fileobj)`` followed by " +"``BaseSelector.register(fileobj, events, data)``, except that it can be " +"implemented more efficiently." +msgstr "" +"这等价于 ``BaseSelector.unregister(fileobj)`` 加 ``BaseSelector.register(fileobj," +" events, data)``，区别在于它可以被更高效地实现。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:139 +msgid "" +"This returns a new :class:`SelectorKey` instance, or raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` in case of invalid event mask or file descriptor, or " +":exc:`KeyError` if the file object is not registered." +msgstr "" +"这将返回一个新的 :class:`SelectorKey` 实例，或在出现无效事件掩码或文件描述符时引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`，或在文件对象未被注册时引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Wait until some registered file objects become ready, or the timeout " +"expires." +msgstr "等待直到有已注册的文件对象就绪，或是超过时限。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:148 +msgid "" +"If ``timeout > 0``, this specifies the maximum wait time, in seconds. If " +"``timeout <= 0``, the call won't block, and will report the currently ready " +"file objects. If *timeout* is ``None``, the call will block until a " +"monitored file object becomes ready." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``timeout > 0``，这指定以秒数表示的最大等待时间。 如果 ``timeout <= " +"0``，调用将不会阻塞，并将报告当前就绪的文件对象。 如果 *timeout* 为 ``None``，调用将阻塞直到某个被监视的文件对象就绪。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:154 +msgid "" +"This returns a list of ``(key, events)`` tuples, one for each ready file " +"object." +msgstr "这将返回由 ``(key, events)`` 元组构成的列表，每项各表示一个就绪的文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:157 +msgid "" +"*key* is the :class:`SelectorKey` instance corresponding to a ready file " +"object. *events* is a bitmask of events ready on this file object." +msgstr "*key* 是对应于就绪文件对象的 :class:`SelectorKey` 实例。 *events* 是在此文件对象上等待的事件位掩码。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:162 +msgid "" +"This method can return before any file object becomes ready or the timeout " +"has elapsed if the current process receives a signal: in this case, an empty" +" list will be returned." +msgstr "如果当前进程收到一个信号，此方法可在任何文件对象就绪之前或超出时限时返回：在此情况下，将返回一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:166 +msgid "" +"The selector is now retried with a recomputed timeout when interrupted by a " +"signal if the signal handler did not raise an exception (see :pep:`475` for " +"the rationale), instead of returning an empty list of events before the " +"timeout." +msgstr "" +"现在当被某个信号中断时，如果信号处理程序没有引发异常，选择器会用重新计算的超时值进行重试（请查看 :pep:`475` " +"其理由），而不是在超时之前返回空的事件列表。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:174 +msgid "Close the selector." +msgstr "关闭选择器。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:176 +msgid "" +"This must be called to make sure that any underlying resource is freed. The " +"selector shall not be used once it has been closed." +msgstr "必须调用这个方法以确保下层资源会被释放。 选择器被关闭后将不可再使用。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:181 +msgid "Return the key associated with a registered file object." +msgstr "返回关联到某个已注册文件对象的键。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:183 +msgid "" +"This returns the :class:`SelectorKey` instance associated to this file " +"object, or raises :exc:`KeyError` if the file object is not registered." +msgstr "此方法将返回关联到文件对象的 :class:`SelectorKey` 实例，或在文件对象未注册时引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:188 +msgid "Return a mapping of file objects to selector keys." +msgstr "返回从文件对象到选择器键的映射。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:190 +msgid "" +"This returns a :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` instance mapping registered" +" file objects to their associated :class:`SelectorKey` instance." +msgstr "" +"这将返回一个将已注册文件对象映射到与其相关联的 :class:`SelectorKey` 实例的 " +":class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The default selector class, using the most efficient implementation " +"available on the current platform. This should be the default choice for " +"most users." +msgstr "默认的选择器类，使用当前平台上可用的最高效实现。 这应为大多数用户的默认选择。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:204 +msgid ":func:`select.select`-based selector." +msgstr "基于 :func:`select.select` 的选择器。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:209 +msgid ":func:`select.poll`-based selector." +msgstr "基于 :func:`select.poll` 的选择器。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:214 +msgid ":func:`select.epoll`-based selector." +msgstr "基于 :func:`select.epoll` 的选择器。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:218 +msgid "" +"This returns the file descriptor used by the underlying :func:`select.epoll`" +" object." +msgstr "此方法将返回由下层 :func:`select.epoll` 对象所使用的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:223 +msgid ":func:`select.devpoll`-based selector." +msgstr "基于 :func:`select.devpoll` 的选择器。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:227 +msgid "" +"This returns the file descriptor used by the underlying " +":func:`select.devpoll` object." +msgstr "此方法将返回由下层 :func:`select.devpoll` 对象所使用的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:234 +msgid ":func:`select.kqueue`-based selector." +msgstr "基于 :func:`select.kqueue` 的选择器。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:238 +msgid "" +"This returns the file descriptor used by the underlying " +":func:`select.kqueue` object." +msgstr "此方法将返回由下层 :func:`select.kqueue` 对象所使用的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:243 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:245 +msgid "Here is a simple echo server implementation::" +msgstr "下面是一个简单的回显服务器实现::" + +#: ../../library/selectors.rst:247 +msgid "" +"import selectors\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"sel = selectors.DefaultSelector()\n" +"\n" +"def accept(sock, mask):\n" +" conn, addr = sock.accept() # Should be ready\n" +" print('accepted', conn, 'from', addr)\n" +" conn.setblocking(False)\n" +" sel.register(conn, selectors.EVENT_READ, read)\n" +"\n" +"def read(conn, mask):\n" +" data = conn.recv(1000) # Should be ready\n" +" if data:\n" +" print('echoing', repr(data), 'to', conn)\n" +" conn.send(data) # Hope it won't block\n" +" else:\n" +" print('closing', conn)\n" +" sel.unregister(conn)\n" +" conn.close()\n" +"\n" +"sock = socket.socket()\n" +"sock.bind(('localhost', 1234))\n" +"sock.listen(100)\n" +"sock.setblocking(False)\n" +"sel.register(sock, selectors.EVENT_READ, accept)\n" +"\n" +"while True:\n" +" events = sel.select()\n" +" for key, mask in events:\n" +" callback = key.data\n" +" callback(key.fileobj, mask)" +msgstr "" +"import selectors\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"sel = selectors.DefaultSelector()\n" +"\n" +"def accept(sock, mask):\n" +" conn, addr = sock.accept() # 应当已就绪\n" +" print('accepted', conn, 'from', addr)\n" +" conn.setblocking(False)\n" +" sel.register(conn, selectors.EVENT_READ, read)\n" +"\n" +"def read(conn, mask):\n" +" data = conn.recv(1000) # 应当已就绪\n" +" if data:\n" +" print('echoing', repr(data), 'to', conn)\n" +" conn.send(data) # 希望不会阻塞\n" +" else:\n" +" print('closing', conn)\n" +" sel.unregister(conn)\n" +" conn.close()\n" +"\n" +"sock = socket.socket()\n" +"sock.bind(('localhost', 1234))\n" +"sock.listen(100)\n" +"sock.setblocking(False)\n" +"sel.register(sock, selectors.EVENT_READ, accept)\n" +"\n" +"while True:\n" +" events = sel.select()\n" +" for key, mask in events:\n" +" callback = key.data\n" +" callback(key.fileobj, mask)" diff --git a/library/shelve.po b/library/shelve.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82fc94e45 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/shelve.po @@ -0,0 +1,385 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:12+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!shelve` --- Python object persistence" +msgstr ":mod:`!shelve` --- Python 对象持久化" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/shelve.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/shelve.py`" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:13 +msgid "" +"A \"shelf\" is a persistent, dictionary-like object. The difference with " +"\"dbm\" databases is that the values (not the keys!) in a shelf can be " +"essentially arbitrary Python objects --- anything that the :mod:`pickle` " +"module can handle. This includes most class instances, recursive data types," +" and objects containing lots of shared sub-objects. The keys are ordinary " +"strings." +msgstr "" +"\"Shelf\" 是一种持久化的类似字典的对象。 与 \"dbm\" 数据库的区别在于 Shelf 中的值（不是键！）实际上可以为任意 Python " +"对象 --- 即 :mod:`pickle` 模块能够处理的任何东西。 这包括大部分类实例、递归数据类型，以及包含大量共享子对象的对象。 " +"键则为普通的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Open a persistent dictionary. The filename specified is the base filename " +"for the underlying database. As a side-effect, an extension may be added to" +" the filename and more than one file may be created. By default, the " +"underlying database file is opened for reading and writing. The optional " +"*flag* parameter has the same interpretation as the *flag* parameter of " +":func:`dbm.open`." +msgstr "" +"打开一个持久化字典。 filename 指定下层数据库的基准文件名。 作为附带效果，会为 filename 添加一个扩展名并且可能创建更多的文件。 " +"默认情况下，下层数据库会以读写模式打开。 可选的 *flag* 形参具有与 :func:`dbm.open` *flag* 形参相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:28 +msgid "" +"By default, pickles created with :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` are used " +"to serialize values. The version of the pickle protocol can be specified " +"with the *protocol* parameter." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，会使用以 :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` 创建的 pickle 来序列化值。 pickle " +"协议的版本可通过 *protocol* 形参来指定。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Because of Python semantics, a shelf cannot know when a mutable persistent-" +"dictionary entry is modified. By default modified objects are written " +"*only* when assigned to the shelf (see :ref:`shelve-example`). If the " +"optional *writeback* parameter is set to ``True``, all entries accessed are " +"also cached in memory, and written back on :meth:`~Shelf.sync` and " +":meth:`~Shelf.close`; this can make it handier to mutate mutable entries in " +"the persistent dictionary, but, if many entries are accessed, it can consume" +" vast amounts of memory for the cache, and it can make the close operation " +"very slow since all accessed entries are written back (there is no way to " +"determine which accessed entries are mutable, nor which ones were actually " +"mutated)." +msgstr "" +"由于 Python 语义的限制，Shelf 对象无法确定一个可变的持久化字典条目在何时被修改。 默认情况下 *只有* 在被修改对象再赋值给 shelf " +"时才会写入该对象 (参见 :ref:`shelve-example`)。 如果可选的 *writeback* 形参设为 " +"``True``，则所有被访问的条目都将在内存中被缓存，并会在 :meth:`~Shelf.sync` 和 :meth:`~Shelf.close` " +"时被写入；这可以使得对持久化字典中可变条目的修改更方便，但是如果访问的条目很多，这会消耗大量内存作为缓存，并会使得关闭操作变得非常缓慢，因为所有被访问的条目都需要写回到字典（无法确定被访问的条目中哪个是可变的，也无法确定哪个被实际修改了）。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:44 ../../library/shelve.rst:148 +msgid "" +":const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` is now used as the default pickle protocol." +msgstr ":const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` 现在会被用作默认的 pickle 协议。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:48 +msgid "Accepts :term:`path-like object` for filename." +msgstr "接受 :term:`path-like object` 作为文件名。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Do not rely on the shelf being closed automatically; always call " +":meth:`~Shelf.close` explicitly when you don't need it any more, or use " +":func:`shelve.open` as a context manager::" +msgstr "" +"请不要依赖于 Shelf 的自动关闭功能；当你不再需要时应当总是显式地调用 :meth:`~Shelf.close`，或者使用 " +":func:`shelve.open` 作为上下文管理器::" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:57 +msgid "" +"with shelve.open('spam') as db:\n" +" db['eggs'] = 'eggs'" +msgstr "" +"with shelve.open('spam') as db:\n" +" db['eggs'] = 'eggs'" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Because the :mod:`shelve` module is backed by :mod:`pickle`, it is insecure " +"to load a shelf from an untrusted source. Like with pickle, loading a shelf" +" can execute arbitrary code." +msgstr "" +"由于 :mod:`shelve` 模块需要 :mod:`pickle` 的支持，因此从不可靠的来源载入 shelf 是不安全的。 与 pickle " +"一样，载入 Shelf 时可以执行任意代码。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Shelf objects support most of methods and operations supported by " +"dictionaries (except copying, constructors and operators ``|`` and ``|=``)." +" This eases the transition from dictionary based scripts to those requiring" +" persistent storage." +msgstr "" +"Shelf 对象支持字典所支持的大多数方法和运算（除了拷贝、构造器以及 ``|`` 和 ``|=`` 运算符）。 " +"这样就能方便地将基于字典的脚本转换为要求持久化存储的脚本。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:72 +msgid "Two additional methods are supported:" +msgstr "额外支持的两个方法：" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Write back all entries in the cache if the shelf was opened with *writeback*" +" set to :const:`True`. Also empty the cache and synchronize the persistent " +"dictionary on disk, if feasible. This is called automatically when the " +"shelf is closed with :meth:`close`." +msgstr "" +"如果 Shelf 打开时将 *writeback* 设为 :const:`True` 则写回缓存中的所有条目。 " +"如果可行还会清空缓存并将持久化字典同步到磁盘。 此方法会在使用 :meth:`close` 关闭 Shelf 时自动被调用。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Synchronize and close the persistent *dict* object. Operations on a closed " +"shelf will fail with a :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "同步并关闭持久化 *dict* 对象。 对已关闭 Shelf 的操作将失败并引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:89 +msgid "" +"`Persistent dictionary recipe " +"`_ with widely supported storage formats and having " +"the speed of native dictionaries." +msgstr "" +"`持久化字典方案 `_ 使用了广泛支持的存储格式并具有原生字典的速度。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:95 +msgid "Restrictions" +msgstr "限制" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The choice of which database package will be used (such as :mod:`dbm.ndbm` " +"or :mod:`dbm.gnu`) depends on which interface is available. Therefore it is" +" not safe to open the database directly using :mod:`dbm`. The database is " +"also (unfortunately) subject to the limitations of :mod:`dbm`, if it is used" +" --- this means that (the pickled representation of) the objects stored in " +"the database should be fairly small, and in rare cases key collisions may " +"cause the database to refuse updates." +msgstr "" +"可选择使用哪种数据库包 (例如 :mod:`dbm.ndbm` 或 :mod:`dbm.gnu`) 取决于支持哪种接口。 因此使用 :mod:`dbm`" +" 直接打开数据库是不安全的。 如果使用了 :mod:`dbm`，数据库同样会（不幸地）受限于它 --- " +"这意味着存储在数据库中的（封存形式的）对象尺寸应当较小，并且在少数情况下键冲突有可能导致数据库拒绝更新。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`shelve` module does not support *concurrent* read/write access to " +"shelved objects. (Multiple simultaneous read accesses are safe.) When a " +"program has a shelf open for writing, no other program should have it open " +"for reading or writing. Unix file locking can be used to solve this, but " +"this differs across Unix versions and requires knowledge about the database " +"implementation used." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shelve` 模块不支持对 Shelf 对象的 *并发* 读/写访问。 （多个同时读取访问则是安全的。） 当一个程序打开一个 shelve" +" 对象来写入时，不应再有其他程序同时打开它来读取或写入。 Unix 文件锁定可被用来解决此问题，但这在不同 Unix " +"版本上会存在差异，并且需要有关所用数据库实现的细节知识。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:116 +msgid "" +"On macOS :mod:`dbm.ndbm` can silently corrupt the database file on updates, " +"which can cause hard crashes when trying to read from the database." +msgstr "在 macOS 上 :mod:`dbm.ndbm` 会在更新时静默地破坏数据库文件，这将导致在尝试读取该数据库时发生硬崩溃。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:122 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` which stores pickled " +"values in the *dict* object." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` 的一个子类，它会将封存的值保存在 *dict* 对象中。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:125 +msgid "" +"By default, pickles created with :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` are used " +"to serialize values. The version of the pickle protocol can be specified " +"with the *protocol* parameter. See the :mod:`pickle` documentation for a " +"discussion of the pickle protocols." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，会使用以 :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` 创建的 pickle 来序列化值。 pickle " +"协议的版本可通过 *protocol* 形参来指定。 请参阅 :mod:`pickle` 文档来查看 pickle 协议的相关讨论。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:130 +msgid "" +"If the *writeback* parameter is ``True``, the object will hold a cache of " +"all entries accessed and write them back to the *dict* at sync and close " +"times. This allows natural operations on mutable entries, but can consume " +"much more memory and make sync and close take a long time." +msgstr "" +"如果 *writeback* 形参为 ``True``，对象将为所有访问过的条目保留缓存并在同步和关闭时将它们写回到 *dict*。 " +"这允许对可变的条目执行自然操作，但是会消耗更多内存并让同步和关闭花费更长时间。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:135 +msgid "" +"The *keyencoding* parameter is the encoding used to encode keys before they " +"are used with the underlying dict." +msgstr "*keyencoding* 形参是在下层字典被使用之前用于编码键的编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:138 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Shelf` object can also be used as a context manager, in which case" +" it will be automatically closed when the :keyword:`with` block ends." +msgstr ":class:`Shelf` 对象还可以被用作上下文管理器，在这种情况下它将在 :keyword:`with` 语句块结束时自动被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Added the *keyencoding* parameter; previously, keys were always encoded in " +"UTF-8." +msgstr "添加了 *keyencoding* 形参；之前，键总是使用 UTF-8 编码。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:145 +msgid "Added context manager support." +msgstr "添加了上下文管理器支持。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:155 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`Shelf` which exposes :meth:`!first`, :meth:`!next`, " +":meth:`!previous`, :meth:`!last` and :meth:`!set_location` methods. These " +"are available in the third-party :mod:`!bsddb` module from `pybsddb " +"`_ but not in other database " +"modules. The *dict* object passed to the constructor must support those " +"methods. This is generally accomplished by calling one of " +":func:`!bsddb.hashopen`, :func:`!bsddb.btopen` or :func:`!bsddb.rnopen`. " +"The optional *protocol*, *writeback*, and *keyencoding* parameters have the " +"same interpretation as for the :class:`Shelf` class." +msgstr "" +":class:`Shelf` 的一个子类，它对外公开了 :meth:`!first`, :meth:`!next`, " +":meth:`!previous`, :meth:`!last` 和 :meth:`!set_location` 方法。 这在来自 `pybsddb " +"`_ 的第三方模块 :mod:`!bsddb` " +"中可用，但在其他数据库模块中不可用。 传给构造器的 *dict* 对象必须支持这些方法。 这一般是通过调用 " +":func:`!bsddb.hashopen`, :func:`!bsddb.btopen` 或 :func:`!bsddb.rnopen` " +"中的一个来完成的。 可选的 *protocol*, *writeback* 和 *keyencoding* 形参具有与 :class:`Shelf` " +"类的对应形参相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:169 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :class:`Shelf` which accepts a *filename* instead of a dict-" +"like object. The underlying file will be opened using :func:`dbm.open`. By" +" default, the file will be created and opened for both read and write. The " +"optional *flag* parameter has the same interpretation as for the " +":func:`.open` function. The optional *protocol* and *writeback* parameters " +"have the same interpretation as for the :class:`Shelf` class." +msgstr "" +":class:`Shelf` 的一个子类，它接受一个 *filename* 而非字典类对象。 下层文件将使用 :func:`dbm.open` 来打开。" +" 默认情况下，文件将以读写模式打开。 可选的 *flag* 形参具有与 :func:`.open` 函数相同的含义。 可选的 *protocol* 和 " +"*writeback* 形参具有与 :class:`Shelf` 类相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:180 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:182 +msgid "" +"To summarize the interface (``key`` is a string, ``data`` is an arbitrary " +"object)::" +msgstr "对接口的总结如下 (``key`` 为字符串，``data`` 为任意对象)::" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:185 +msgid "" +"import shelve\n" +"\n" +"d = shelve.open(filename) # open -- file may get suffix added by low-level\n" +" # library\n" +"\n" +"d[key] = data # store data at key (overwrites old data if\n" +" # using an existing key)\n" +"data = d[key] # retrieve a COPY of data at key (raise KeyError\n" +" # if no such key)\n" +"del d[key] # delete data stored at key (raises KeyError\n" +" # if no such key)\n" +"\n" +"flag = key in d # true if the key exists\n" +"klist = list(d.keys()) # a list of all existing keys (slow!)\n" +"\n" +"# as d was opened WITHOUT writeback=True, beware:\n" +"d['xx'] = [0, 1, 2] # this works as expected, but...\n" +"d['xx'].append(3) # *this doesn't!* -- d['xx'] is STILL [0, 1, 2]!\n" +"\n" +"# having opened d without writeback=True, you need to code carefully:\n" +"temp = d['xx'] # extracts the copy\n" +"temp.append(5) # mutates the copy\n" +"d['xx'] = temp # stores the copy right back, to persist it\n" +"\n" +"# or, d=shelve.open(filename,writeback=True) would let you just code\n" +"# d['xx'].append(5) and have it work as expected, BUT it would also\n" +"# consume more memory and make the d.close() operation slower.\n" +"\n" +"d.close() # close it" +msgstr "" +"import shelve\n" +"\n" +"d = shelve.open(filename) # 打开 -- 文件可能带有低层级库\n" +" # 所添加的后缀\n" +"\n" +"d[key] = data # 将 data 存储到 key 位置 (如果使用现有的 key\n" +" # 则会覆盖旧数据)\n" +"data = d[key] # 获取 key 位置上 data 的拷贝 (如果 key 不存在\n" +" # 则会引发 KeyError)\n" +"del d[key] # 删除 key 位置上的 data (如果 key 不存在\n" +" # 则会引发 KeyError)\n" +"\n" +"flag = key in d # 如果 key 存在则为真值\n" +"klist = list(d.keys()) # 由全部现有 key 组成的列表 (会很慢!)\n" +"\n" +"# 由于 d 打开时未设置 writeback=True，需要注意：\n" +"d['xx'] = [0, 1, 2] # 这将符合预期，但是...\n" +"d['xx'].append(3) # *这将不符合预期！* -- d['xx'] 仍为 [0, 1, 2]！\n" +"\n" +"# 由于 d 打开时未设置 writeback=True，你需要小心地编码：\n" +"temp = d['xx'] # 提取副本\n" +"temp.append(5) # 修改副本\n" +"d['xx'] = temp # 将副本存储回去，以使其持久化\n" +"\n" +"# 或者，d=shelve.open(filename,writeback=True) 将允许你\n" +"# 编码 d['xx'].append(5) 并使其符合预期，但是它也会\n" +"# 消耗更多内存并使 d.close() 操作变慢。\n" +"\n" +"d.close() # 关闭它" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:218 +msgid "Module :mod:`dbm`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`dbm`" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:219 +msgid "Generic interface to ``dbm``-style databases." +msgstr "``dbm`` 风格数据库的泛型接口。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:221 +msgid "Module :mod:`pickle`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`pickle`" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:222 +msgid "Object serialization used by :mod:`shelve`." +msgstr ":mod:`shelve` 所使用的对象序列化。" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:9 ../../library/shelve.rst:97 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:9 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:97 +msgid "dbm.ndbm" +msgstr "dbm.ndbm" + +#: ../../library/shelve.rst:97 +msgid "dbm.gnu" +msgstr "dbm.gnu" diff --git a/library/shlex.po b/library/shlex.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c03783dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/shlex.po @@ -0,0 +1,644 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!shlex` --- Simple lexical analysis" +msgstr ":mod:`!shlex` --- 简单词法分析" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/shlex.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/shlex.py`" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~shlex.shlex` class makes it easy to write lexical analyzers for" +" simple syntaxes resembling that of the Unix shell. This will often be " +"useful for writing minilanguages, (for example, in run control files for " +"Python applications) or for parsing quoted strings." +msgstr "" +":class:`~shlex.shlex` 类可用于编写类似 Unix shell 的简单词法分析程序。通常可用于编写“迷你语言”（如 Python " +"应用程序的运行控制文件）或解析带引号的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:21 +msgid "The :mod:`shlex` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`shlex` 模块中定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Split the string *s* using shell-like syntax. If *comments* is " +":const:`False` (the default), the parsing of comments in the given string " +"will be disabled (setting the :attr:`~shlex.commenters` attribute of the " +":class:`~shlex.shlex` instance to the empty string). This function operates" +" in POSIX mode by default, but uses non-POSIX mode if the *posix* argument " +"is false." +msgstr "" +"用类似 shell 的语法拆分字符串 *s*。如果 *comments* 为 :const:`False` (默认值)，则不会解析给定字符串中的注释 " +"(:attr:`~shlex.commenters` 属性的 :class:`~shlex.shlex` 实例设为空字符串)。 本函数默认工作于 " +"POSIX 模式下，但若 *posix* 参数为 False，则采用非 POSIX 模式。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:33 +msgid "" +"Passing ``None`` for *s* argument now raises an exception, rather than " +"reading :data:`sys.stdin`." +msgstr "传入 ``None`` 作为 *s* 参数现在会引发异常，而不是读取 :data:`sys.stdin`。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Concatenate the tokens of the list *split_command* and return a string. This" +" function is the inverse of :func:`split`." +msgstr "" +"将列表 *split_command* 中的词法单元（token）串联起来，返回一个字符串。本函数是 :func:`split` 的逆运算。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The returned value is shell-escaped to protect against injection " +"vulnerabilities (see :func:`quote`)." +msgstr "为防止注入漏洞，返回值是经过 shell 转义的（参见 :func:`quote` ）。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Return a shell-escaped version of the string *s*. The returned value is a " +"string that can safely be used as one token in a shell command line, for " +"cases where you cannot use a list." +msgstr "返回经过 shell 转义的字符串 *s* 。返回值为字符串，可以安全地用作 shell 命令行中的词法单元，可用于不能使用列表的场合。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:62 +msgid "The ``shlex`` module is **only designed for Unix shells**." +msgstr "``shlex`` 模块 **仅适用于 Unix shell**。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:64 +msgid "" +"The :func:`quote` function is not guaranteed to be correct on non-POSIX " +"compliant shells or shells from other operating systems such as Windows. " +"Executing commands quoted by this module on such shells can open up the " +"possibility of a command injection vulnerability." +msgstr "" +"在不兼容 POSIX 的 shell 或其他操作系统（如Windows）的shell上，并不保证 :func:`quote` 函数能够正常使用。在这种 " +"shell 中执行用本模块包装过的命令，有可能会存在命令注入漏洞。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Consider using functions that pass command arguments with lists such as " +":func:`subprocess.run` with ``shell=False``." +msgstr "请考虑采用命令参数以列表形式给出的函数，比如带了 ``shell=False`` 参数的 :func:`subprocess.run` 。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:72 +msgid "This idiom would be unsafe:" +msgstr "以下用法是不安全的：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:79 +msgid ":func:`quote` lets you plug the security hole:" +msgstr "用 :func:`quote` 可以堵住这种安全漏洞：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:89 +msgid "The quoting is compatible with UNIX shells and with :func:`split`:" +msgstr "这种包装方式兼容于 UNIX shell 和 :func:`split` 。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:101 +msgid "The :mod:`shlex` module defines the following class:" +msgstr ":mod:`shlex` 模块中定义了以下类：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:106 +msgid "" +"A :class:`~shlex.shlex` instance or subclass instance is a lexical analyzer " +"object. The initialization argument, if present, specifies where to read " +"characters from. It must be a file-/stream-like object with " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` and :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` methods, or " +"a string. If no argument is given, input will be taken from ``sys.stdin``. " +"The second optional argument is a filename string, which sets the initial " +"value of the :attr:`~shlex.infile` attribute. If the *instream* argument is" +" omitted or equal to ``sys.stdin``, this second argument defaults to " +"\"stdin\". The *posix* argument defines the operational mode: when *posix* " +"is not true (default), the :class:`~shlex.shlex` instance will operate in " +"compatibility mode. When operating in POSIX mode, :class:`~shlex.shlex` " +"will try to be as close as possible to the POSIX shell parsing rules. The " +"*punctuation_chars* argument provides a way to make the behaviour even " +"closer to how real shells parse. This can take a number of values: the " +"default value, ``False``, preserves the behaviour seen under Python 3.5 and " +"earlier. If set to ``True``, then parsing of the characters ``();<>|&`` is " +"changed: any run of these characters (considered punctuation characters) is " +"returned as a single token. If set to a non-empty string of characters, " +"those characters will be used as the punctuation characters. Any characters" +" in the :attr:`wordchars` attribute that appear in *punctuation_chars* will " +"be removed from :attr:`wordchars`. See :ref:`improved-shell-compatibility` " +"for more information. *punctuation_chars* can be set only upon " +":class:`~shlex.shlex` instance creation and can't be modified later." +msgstr "" +":class:`~shlex.shlex` 及其子类的实例是一种词义分析器对象。 利用初始化参数可指定从哪里读取字符。 初始化参数必须是具备 " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` 和 :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` " +"方法的文件/流对象，或者是一个字符串。 如果没有给出初始化参数，则会从 ``sys.stdin`` 获取输入。 第二个可选参数是个文件名字符串，用于设置" +" :attr:`~shlex.infile` 属性的初始值。 如果 *instream* 参数被省略或等于 " +"``sys.stdin``，则第二个参数默认为 \"stdin\"。 *posix* 参数定义了操作的模式：若 *posix* 不为真值（默认），则 " +":class:`~shlex.shlex` 实例将工作于兼容模式。 若运行于 POSIX 模式下，则 :class:`~shlex.shlex` " +"会尽可能地应用 POSIX shell 解析规则。 *punctuation_chars* 参数提供了一种使行为更接近于真正的 shell 解析的方式。" +" 该参数可接受多种值：默认值、``False``、保持 Python 3.5 及更早版本的行为。 如果设为 ``True``，则会改变对字符 " +"``();<>|&`` 的解析方式：这些字符将作为独立的词法单元被返回（视作标点符号）。 如果设为非空字符串，则这些字符将被用作标点符号。 出现在 " +"*punctuation_chars* 中的 :attr:`wordchars` 属性中的任何字符都会从 :attr:`wordchars` 中被删除。" +" 请参阅 :ref:`improved-shell-compatibility` 了解详情。 *punctuation_chars* 只能在创建 " +":class:`~shlex.shlex` 实例时设置，以后不能再作修改。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:131 +msgid "The *punctuation_chars* parameter was added." +msgstr "加入 *punctuation_chars* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:136 +msgid "Module :mod:`configparser`" +msgstr ":mod:`configparser` 模块" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Parser for configuration files similar to the Windows :file:`.ini` files." +msgstr "配置文件解析器，类似于 Windows 的 :file:`.ini` 文件。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:143 +msgid "shlex Objects" +msgstr "shlex 对象" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:145 +msgid "A :class:`~shlex.shlex` instance has the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`~shlex.shlex` 实例具备以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Return a token. If tokens have been stacked using :meth:`push_token`, pop a" +" token off the stack. Otherwise, read one from the input stream. If " +"reading encounters an immediate end-of-file, :attr:`eof` is returned (the " +"empty string (``''``) in non-POSIX mode, and ``None`` in POSIX mode)." +msgstr "" +"返回一个词法单元。如果所有单词已用 :meth:`push_token` " +"堆叠在一起了，则从堆栈中弹出一个词法单元。否则就从输入流中读取一个。如果读取时遇到文件结束符，则会返回 :attr:`eof`（在非 POSIX " +"模式下为空字符串 ``''``，在 POSIX 模式下为 ``None``）。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:158 +msgid "Push the argument onto the token stack." +msgstr "将参数值压入词法单元堆栈。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Read a raw token. Ignore the pushback stack, and do not interpret source " +"requests. (This is not ordinarily a useful entry point, and is documented " +"here only for the sake of completeness.)" +msgstr "读取一个原始词法单元。忽略堆栈，且不解释源请求。（通常没什么用，只是为了完整起见。）" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:170 +msgid "" +"When :class:`~shlex.shlex` detects a source request (see :attr:`source` " +"below) this method is given the following token as argument, and expected to" +" return a tuple consisting of a filename and an open file-like object." +msgstr "" +"当 :class:`~shlex.shlex` 检测到源请求（见下面的 " +":attr:`source`），以下词法单元可作为参数，并应返回一个由文件名和打开的文件对象组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Normally, this method first strips any quotes off the argument. If the " +"result is an absolute pathname, or there was no previous source request in " +"effect, or the previous source was a stream (such as ``sys.stdin``), the " +"result is left alone. Otherwise, if the result is a relative pathname, the " +"directory part of the name of the file immediately before it on the source " +"inclusion stack is prepended (this behavior is like the way the C " +"preprocessor handles ``#include \"file.h\"``)." +msgstr "" +"通常本方法会先移除参数中的引号。如果结果为绝对路径名，或者之前没有有效的源请求，或者之前的源请求是一个流对象（比如 " +"``sys.stdin``），那么结果将不做处理。否则，如果结果是相对路径名，那么前面将会加上目录部分，目录名来自于源堆栈中前一个文件名（类似于 C " +"预处理器对 ``#include \"file.h\"`` 的处理方式）。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:182 +msgid "" +"The result of the manipulations is treated as a filename, and returned as " +"the first component of the tuple, with :func:`open` called on it to yield " +"the second component. (Note: this is the reverse of the order of arguments " +"in instance initialization!)" +msgstr "" +"结果被视为一个文件名，并作为元组的第一部分返回，元组的第二部分以此为基础调用 :func:`open` " +"获得。（注意：这与实例初始化过程中的参数顺序相反！)" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:187 +msgid "" +"This hook is exposed so that you can use it to implement directory search " +"paths, addition of file extensions, and other namespace hacks. There is no " +"corresponding 'close' hook, but a shlex instance will call the " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.close` method of the sourced input stream when it returns " +"EOF." +msgstr "" +"此钩子函数是公开的，可用于实现路径搜索、添加文件扩展名或黑入其他命名空间。没有对应的“关闭”钩子函数，但 shlex 实例在返回 EOF " +"时会调用源输入流的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.close` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:193 +msgid "" +"For more explicit control of source stacking, use the :meth:`push_source` " +"and :meth:`pop_source` methods." +msgstr "若要更明确地控制源堆栈，请采用 :meth:`push_source` 和 :meth:`pop_source` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Push an input source stream onto the input stack. If the filename argument " +"is specified it will later be available for use in error messages. This is " +"the same method used internally by the :meth:`sourcehook` method." +msgstr "将输入源流压入输入堆栈。如果指定了文件名参数，以后错误信息中将会用到。:meth:`sourcehook` 内部同样使用了本方法。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Pop the last-pushed input source from the input stack. This is the same " +"method used internally when the lexer reaches EOF on a stacked input stream." +msgstr "从输入堆栈中弹出最后一条输入源。当遇到输入流的 EOF 时，内部也使用同一方法。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:212 +msgid "" +"This method generates an error message leader in the format of a Unix C " +"compiler error label; the format is ``'\"%s\", line %d: '``, where the " +"``%s`` is replaced with the name of the current source file and the ``%d`` " +"with the current input line number (the optional arguments can be used to " +"override these)." +msgstr "" +"本方法生成一条错误信息的首部，以 Unix C 编译器错误标签的形式；格式为 ``'\"%s\", line %d: '``，其中 ``%s`` " +"被替换为当前源文件的名称，``%d`` 被替换为当前输入行号（可用可选参数覆盖）。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:217 +msgid "" +"This convenience is provided to encourage :mod:`shlex` users to generate " +"error messages in the standard, parseable format understood by Emacs and " +"other Unix tools." +msgstr "这是个快捷函数，旨在鼓励 :mod:`shlex` 用户以标准的、可解析的格式生成错误信息，以便 Emacs 和其他 Unix 工具理解。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:221 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`~shlex.shlex` subclasses have some public instance " +"variables which either control lexical analysis or can be used for " +"debugging:" +msgstr ":class:`~shlex.shlex` 子类的实例有一些公共实例变量，这些变量可以控制词义分析，也可用于调试。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:227 +msgid "" +"The string of characters that are recognized as comment beginners. All " +"characters from the comment beginner to end of line are ignored. Includes " +"just ``'#'`` by default." +msgstr "将被视为注释起始字符串。从注释起始字符串到行尾的所有字符都将被忽略。默认情况下只包括 ``'#'``。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:234 +msgid "" +"The string of characters that will accumulate into multi-character tokens. " +"By default, includes all ASCII alphanumerics and underscore. In POSIX mode," +" the accented characters in the Latin-1 set are also included. If " +":attr:`punctuation_chars` is not empty, the characters ``~-./*?=``, which " +"can appear in filename specifications and command line parameters, will also" +" be included in this attribute, and any characters which appear in " +"``punctuation_chars`` will be removed from ``wordchars`` if they are present" +" there. If :attr:`whitespace_split` is set to ``True``, this will have no " +"effect." +msgstr "" +"可连成多字符词法单元的字符串。默认包含所有 ASCII 字母数字和下划线。在 POSIX 模式下，Latin-1 字符集的重音字符也被包括在内。如果 " +":attr:`punctuation_chars` 不为空，则可出现在文件名规范和命令行参数中的 ``~-./*?=`` 字符也将包含在内，任何 " +"``punctuation_chars`` 中的字符将从 ``wordchars`` 中移除。如果 :attr:`whitespace_split` " +"设为 ``True``，则本规则无效。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:247 +msgid "" +"Characters that will be considered whitespace and skipped. Whitespace " +"bounds tokens. By default, includes space, tab, linefeed and carriage-" +"return." +msgstr "将被视为空白符并跳过的字符。空白符是词法单元的边界。默认包含空格、制表符、换行符和回车符。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Characters that will be considered as escape. This will be only used in " +"POSIX mode, and includes just ``'\\'`` by default." +msgstr "将视为转义字符。仅适用于 POSIX 模式，默认只包含 ``'\\'``。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Characters that will be considered string quotes. The token accumulates " +"until the same quote is encountered again (thus, different quote types " +"protect each other as in the shell.) By default, includes ASCII single and " +"double quotes." +msgstr "" +"将视为引号的字符。词法单元中的字符将会累至再次遇到同样的引号（因此，不同的引号会像在 shell 中一样相互包含。）默认包含 ASCII " +"单引号和双引号。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Characters in :attr:`quotes` that will interpret escape characters defined " +"in :attr:`escape`. This is only used in POSIX mode, and includes just " +"``'\"'`` by default." +msgstr "" +":attr:`quotes` 中的字符将会解析 :attr:`escape` 定义的转义字符。这只在 POSIX 模式下使用，默认只包含 " +"``'\"'``。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:273 +msgid "" +"If ``True``, tokens will only be split in whitespaces. This is useful, for " +"example, for parsing command lines with :class:`~shlex.shlex`, getting " +"tokens in a similar way to shell arguments. When used in combination with " +":attr:`punctuation_chars`, tokens will be split on whitespace in addition to" +" those characters." +msgstr "" +"若为 ``True``，则只根据空白符拆分词法单元。这很有用，比如用 :class:`~shlex.shlex` 解析命令行，用类似 shell " +"参数的方式读取各个词法单元。当与 :attr:`punctuation_chars` 一起使用时，将根据空白符和这些字符拆分词法单元。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:279 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`punctuation_chars` attribute was made compatible with the " +":attr:`whitespace_split` attribute." +msgstr ":attr:`punctuation_chars` 属性已与 :attr:`whitespace_split` 属性兼容。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:286 +msgid "" +"The name of the current input file, as initially set at class instantiation " +"time or stacked by later source requests. It may be useful to examine this " +"when constructing error messages." +msgstr "当前输入的文件名，可能是在类实例化时设置的，或者是由后来的源请求堆栈生成的。在构建错误信息时可能会用到本属性。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:293 +msgid "" +"The input stream from which this :class:`~shlex.shlex` instance is reading " +"characters." +msgstr ":class:`~shlex.shlex` 实例正从中读取字符的输入流。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:299 +msgid "" +"This attribute is ``None`` by default. If you assign a string to it, that " +"string will be recognized as a lexical-level inclusion request similar to " +"the ``source`` keyword in various shells. That is, the immediately " +"following token will be opened as a filename and input will be taken from " +"that stream until EOF, at which point the :meth:`~io.IOBase.close` method of" +" that stream will be called and the input source will again become the " +"original input stream. Source requests may be stacked any number of levels " +"deep." +msgstr "" +"本属性默认值为 ``None``。 如果给定一个字符串，则会识别为包含请求，类似于各种 shell 中的 ``source`` 关键字。 " +"也就是说，紧随其后的词法单元将作为文件名打开，作为输入流，直至遇到 EOF 后调用流的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.close` " +"方法，然后原输入流仍变回输入源。Source 请求可以在词义堆栈中嵌套任意深度。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:310 +msgid "" +"If this attribute is numeric and ``1`` or more, a :class:`~shlex.shlex` " +"instance will print verbose progress output on its behavior. If you need to" +" use this, you can read the module source code to learn the details." +msgstr "" +"如果本属性为大于 ``1`` 的数字，则 :class:`~shlex.shlex` " +"实例会把动作进度详细地输出出来。若需用到本属性，可阅读源代码来了解细节。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:317 +msgid "Source line number (count of newlines seen so far plus one)." +msgstr "源的行数（到目前为止读到的换行符数量加 1）。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:322 +msgid "" +"The token buffer. It may be useful to examine this when catching " +"exceptions." +msgstr "词法单元的缓冲区。在捕获异常时可能会用到。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:327 +msgid "" +"Token used to determine end of file. This will be set to the empty string " +"(``''``), in non-POSIX mode, and to ``None`` in POSIX mode." +msgstr "用于确定文件结束的词法单元。在非 POSIX 模式下，将设为空字符串 ``''``，在 POSIX 模式下被设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:333 +msgid "" +"A read-only property. Characters that will be considered punctuation. Runs " +"of punctuation characters will be returned as a single token. However, note " +"that no semantic validity checking will be performed: for example, '>>>' " +"could be returned as a token, even though it may not be recognised as such " +"by shells." +msgstr "" +"只读属性。表示应视作标点符号的字符。标点符号将作为单个词法单元返回。然而，请注意不会进行语义有效性检查：比如 “>>>” " +"可能会作为一个词法单元返回，虽然 shell 可能无法识别。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:344 +msgid "Parsing Rules" +msgstr "解析规则" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:346 +msgid "" +"When operating in non-POSIX mode, :class:`~shlex.shlex` will try to obey to " +"the following rules." +msgstr "在非 POSIX 模式下时，:class:`~shlex.shlex` 会试图遵守以下规则：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Quote characters are not recognized within words (``Do\"Not\"Separate`` is " +"parsed as the single word ``Do\"Not\"Separate``);" +msgstr "不识别单词中的引号（``Do\"Not\"Separate`` 解析为一个单词 ``Do\"Not\"Separate``）；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:352 +msgid "Escape characters are not recognized;" +msgstr "不识别转义字符；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:354 +msgid "" +"Enclosing characters in quotes preserve the literal value of all characters " +"within the quotes;" +msgstr "引号包裹的字符保留字面意思；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Closing quotes separate words (``\"Do\"Separate`` is parsed as ``\"Do\"`` " +"and ``Separate``);" +msgstr "成对的引号会将单词分离（``\"Do\"Separate`` 解析为 ``\"Do\"`` 和 ``Separate``）；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:360 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~shlex.whitespace_split` is ``False``, any character not declared " +"to be a word character, whitespace, or a quote will be returned as a single-" +"character token. If it is ``True``, :class:`~shlex.shlex` will only split " +"words in whitespaces;" +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~shlex.whitespace_split` 为 " +"``False``，则未声明为单词字符、空白或引号的字符将作为单字符的词法单元返回。若为 ``True``， 则 " +":class:`~shlex.shlex` 只根据空白符拆分单词。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:365 +msgid "EOF is signaled with an empty string (``''``);" +msgstr "EOF 用空字符串（``''``）表示；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:367 +msgid "It's not possible to parse empty strings, even if quoted." +msgstr "空字符串无法解析，即便是加了引号。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:369 +msgid "" +"When operating in POSIX mode, :class:`~shlex.shlex` will try to obey to the " +"following parsing rules." +msgstr "在 POSIX 模式时，:class:`~shlex.shlex` 将尝试遵守以下解析规则：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:372 +msgid "" +"Quotes are stripped out, and do not separate words " +"(``\"Do\"Not\"Separate\"`` is parsed as the single word ``DoNotSeparate``);" +msgstr "引号会被剔除，且不会拆分单词（ ``\"Do\"Not\"Separate\"`` 将解析为单个单词 ``DoNotSeparate``）；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:375 +msgid "" +"Non-quoted escape characters (e.g. ``'\\'``) preserve the literal value of " +"the next character that follows;" +msgstr "未加引号包裹的转义字符（如 ``'\\'`` ）保留后一个字符的字面意思；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Enclosing characters in quotes which are not part of " +":attr:`~shlex.escapedquotes` (e.g. ``\"'\"``) preserve the literal value of " +"all characters within the quotes;" +msgstr "引号中的字符不属于 :attr:`~shlex.escapedquotes` （例如，``\"'\"``），则保留引号中所有字符的字面值；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Enclosing characters in quotes which are part of " +":attr:`~shlex.escapedquotes` (e.g. ``'\"'``) preserves the literal value of " +"all characters within the quotes, with the exception of the characters " +"mentioned in :attr:`~shlex.escape`. The escape characters retain its " +"special meaning only when followed by the quote in use, or the escape " +"character itself. Otherwise the escape character will be considered a normal" +" character." +msgstr "" +"若引号包裹的字符属于 :attr:`~shlex.escapedquotes` （例如 ``'\"'``），则保留引号中所有字符的字面意思，属于 " +":attr:`~shlex.escape` 中的字符除外。仅当后跟后半个引号或转义字符本身时，转义字符才保留其特殊含义。否则，转义字符将视作普通字符；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:390 +msgid "EOF is signaled with a :const:`None` value;" +msgstr "EOF 用 :const:`None` 表示；" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:392 +msgid "Quoted empty strings (``''``) are allowed." +msgstr "允许出现引号包裹的空字符串（``''``）。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:397 +msgid "Improved Compatibility with Shells" +msgstr "改进的 shell 兼容性" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:401 +msgid "" +"The :class:`shlex` class provides compatibility with the parsing performed " +"by common Unix shells like ``bash``, ``dash``, and ``sh``. To take " +"advantage of this compatibility, specify the ``punctuation_chars`` argument " +"in the constructor. This defaults to ``False``, which preserves pre-3.6 " +"behaviour. However, if it is set to ``True``, then parsing of the characters" +" ``();<>|&`` is changed: any run of these characters is returned as a single" +" token. While this is short of a full parser for shells (which would be out" +" of scope for the standard library, given the multiplicity of shells out " +"there), it does allow you to perform processing of command lines more easily" +" than you could otherwise. To illustrate, you can see the difference in the" +" following snippet:" +msgstr "" +":class:`shlex` 类提供了与常见 Unix shell（如 ``bash``、 ``dash`` 和 " +"``sh``）的解析兼容性。为了充分利用这种兼容性，请在构造函数中设定 ``punctuation_chars`` 参数。该参数默认为 " +"``False``，维持 3.6 以下版本的行为。如果设为 ``True``，则会改变对 ``();<>|&`` " +"字符的解析方式：这些字符都将视为单个的词法单元返回。虽然不算是完整的 shell 解析程序（考虑到 shell " +"的多样性，超出了标准库的范围），但确实能比其他方式更容易进行命令行的处理。以下代码段演示了两者的差异：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:412 +msgid "" +">>> import shlex\n" +">>> text = \"a && b; c && d || e; f >'abc'; (def \\\"ghi\\\")\"\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex(text, posix=True)\n" +">>> s.whitespace_split = True\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['a', '&&', 'b;', 'c', '&&', 'd', '||', 'e;', 'f', '>abc;', '(def', 'ghi)']\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex(text, posix=True, punctuation_chars=True)\n" +">>> s.whitespace_split = True\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['a', '&&', 'b', ';', 'c', '&&', 'd', '||', 'e', ';', 'f', '>', 'abc', ';',\n" +"'(', 'def', 'ghi', ')']" +msgstr "" +">>> import shlex\n" +">>> text = \"a && b; c && d || e; f >'abc'; (def \\\"ghi\\\")\"\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex(text, posix=True)\n" +">>> s.whitespace_split = True\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['a', '&&', 'b;', 'c', '&&', 'd', '||', 'e;', 'f', '>abc;', '(def', 'ghi)']\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex(text, posix=True, punctuation_chars=True)\n" +">>> s.whitespace_split = True\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['a', '&&', 'b', ';', 'c', '&&', 'd', '||', 'e', ';', 'f', '>', 'abc', ';',\n" +"'(', 'def', 'ghi', ')']" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:427 +msgid "" +"Of course, tokens will be returned which are not valid for shells, and " +"you'll need to implement your own error checks on the returned tokens." +msgstr "当然，返回的词法单元对 shell 无效，需要对返回的词法单元自行进行错误检查。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:430 +msgid "" +"Instead of passing ``True`` as the value for the punctuation_chars " +"parameter, you can pass a string with specific characters, which will be " +"used to determine which characters constitute punctuation. For example::" +msgstr "" +"punctuation_chars 参数可以不传入 ``True`` ，而是传入包含特定字符的字符串，用于确定由哪些字符构成标点符号。例如：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:434 +msgid "" +">>> import shlex\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex(\"a && b || c\", punctuation_chars=\"|\")\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['a', '&', '&', 'b', '||', 'c']" +msgstr "" +">>> import shlex\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex(\"a && b || c\", punctuation_chars=\"|\")\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['a', '&', '&', 'b', '||', 'c']" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:439 +msgid "" +"When ``punctuation_chars`` is specified, the :attr:`~shlex.wordchars` " +"attribute is augmented with the characters ``~-./*?=``. That is because " +"these characters can appear in file names (including wildcards) and command-" +"line arguments (e.g. ``--color=auto``). Hence::" +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 ``punctuation_chars``，则 :attr:`~shlex.wordchars` 属性的参数会是 " +"``~-./*?=``。因为这些字符可以出现在文件名（包括通配符）和命令行参数中（如 ``--color=auto``）。因此：" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:444 +msgid "" +">>> import shlex\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex('~/a && b-c --color=auto || d *.py?',\n" +"... punctuation_chars=True)\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['~/a', '&&', 'b-c', '--color=auto', '||', 'd', '*.py?']" +msgstr "" +">>> import shlex\n" +">>> s = shlex.shlex('~/a && b-c --color=auto || d *.py?',\n" +"... punctuation_chars=True)\n" +">>> list(s)\n" +"['~/a', '&&', 'b-c', '--color=auto', '||', 'd', '*.py?']" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:450 +msgid "" +"However, to match the shell as closely as possible, it is recommended to " +"always use ``posix`` and :attr:`~shlex.whitespace_split` when using " +":attr:`~shlex.punctuation_chars`, which will negate :attr:`~shlex.wordchars`" +" entirely." +msgstr "" +"不过为了尽可能接近于 shell ，建议在使用 :attr:`~shlex.punctuation_chars` 时始终使用 ``posix`` 和" +" :attr:`~shlex.whitespace_split` ，这将完全否定 :attr:`~shlex.wordchars` 。" + +#: ../../library/shlex.rst:455 +msgid "" +"For best effect, ``punctuation_chars`` should be set in conjunction with " +"``posix=True``. (Note that ``posix=False`` is the default for " +":class:`~shlex.shlex`.)" +msgstr "" +"为了达到最佳效果，``punctuation_chars`` 应与 ``posix=True`` 一起设置。（注意 ``posix=False`` 是 " +":class:`~shlex.shlex` 的默认设置)。" diff --git a/library/shutil.po b/library/shutil.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4eee3dc91 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/shutil.po @@ -0,0 +1,1432 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!shutil` --- High-level file operations" +msgstr ":mod:`!shutil` --- 高层级文件操作" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/shutil.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/shutil.py`" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`shutil` module offers a number of high-level operations on files " +"and collections of files. In particular, functions are provided which " +"support file copying and removal. For operations on individual files, see " +"also the :mod:`os` module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil` 模块提供了一系列对文件和文件集合的高阶操作。 特别是提供了一些支持文件拷贝和删除的函数。 对于单个文件的操作，请参阅 " +":mod:`os` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:25 +msgid "" +"Even the higher-level file copying functions (:func:`shutil.copy`, " +":func:`shutil.copy2`) cannot copy all file metadata." +msgstr "" +"即便是高阶文件拷贝函数 (:func:`shutil.copy`, :func:`shutil.copy2`) 也无法拷贝所有的文件元数据。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:28 +msgid "" +"On POSIX platforms, this means that file owner and group are lost as well as" +" ACLs. On Mac OS, the resource fork and other metadata are not used. This " +"means that resources will be lost and file type and creator codes will not " +"be correct. On Windows, file owners, ACLs and alternate data streams are not" +" copied." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 平台上，这意味着将丢失文件所有者和组以及 ACL 数据。 在 Mac OS 上，资源钩子和其他元数据不被使用。 " +"这意味着将丢失这些资源并且文件类型和创建者代码将不正确。 在 Windows 上，将不会拷贝文件所有者、ACL 和替代数据流。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:38 +msgid "Directory and files operations" +msgstr "目录和文件操作" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Copy the contents of the :term:`file-like object ` *fsrc* to " +"the file-like object *fdst*. The integer *length*, if given, is the buffer " +"size. In particular, a negative *length* value means to copy the data " +"without looping over the source data in chunks; by default the data is read " +"in chunks to avoid uncontrolled memory consumption. Note that if the current" +" file position of the *fsrc* object is not 0, only the contents from the " +"current file position to the end of the file will be copied." +msgstr "" +"将 :term:`文件型对象 ` *fsrc* 的内容拷贝到文件型对象 *fdst*。 如果给出了整数值 " +"*length*，即为缓冲区大小。 特别地，*length* " +"为负值表示拷贝数据时不对源数据进行分块循环处理；在默认情况下会分块读取数据以避免不受控制的内存消耗。 请注意如果 *fsrc* 对象的当前文件位置不为 " +"0，只有从当前文件位置到文件末尾的内容会被拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Copy the contents (no metadata) of the file named *src* to a file named " +"*dst* and return *dst* in the most efficient way possible. *src* and *dst* " +"are :term:`path-like objects ` or path names given as " +"strings." +msgstr "" +"将名为 *src* 的文件的内容（不带元数据）拷贝到名为 *dst* 的文件并以尽可能高效的方式返回 *dst*。 *src* 和 *dst* 均为 " +":term:`数据型对象 ` 或字符串形式的路径名。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:57 +msgid "" +"*dst* must be the complete target file name; look at :func:`~shutil.copy` " +"for a copy that accepts a target directory path. If *src* and *dst* specify" +" the same file, :exc:`SameFileError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"*dst* 必须是完整的目标文件名；对于接受目标目录路径的拷贝请参见 :func:`~shutil.copy`。 如果 *src* 和 *dst* " +"指定了同一个文件，则将引发 :exc:`SameFileError`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:61 +msgid "" +"The destination location must be writable; otherwise, an :exc:`OSError` " +"exception will be raised. If *dst* already exists, it will be replaced. " +"Special files such as character or block devices and pipes cannot be copied " +"with this function." +msgstr "" +"目标位置必须是可写的；否则将引发 :exc:`OSError` 异常。 如果 *dst* 已经存在，它将被替换。 " +"特殊文件如字符或块设备以及管道无法用此函数来拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:66 +msgid "" +"If *follow_symlinks* is false and *src* is a symbolic link, a new symbolic " +"link will be created instead of copying the file *src* points to." +msgstr "如果 *follow_symlinks* 为假值且 *src* 为符号链接，则将创建一个新的符号链接而不是拷贝 *src* 所指向的文件。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:70 ../../library/shutil.rst:177 +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.copyfile`` with " +"arguments ``src``, ``dst``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.copyfile`` 并附带参数 ``src``, ``dst``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:72 +msgid "" +":exc:`IOError` used to be raised instead of :exc:`OSError`. Added " +"*follow_symlinks* argument. Now returns *dst*." +msgstr "" +"曾经是引发 :exc:`IOError` 而不是 :exc:`OSError`。 增加了 *follow_symlinks* 参数。 现在是返回 " +"*dst*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`SameFileError` instead of :exc:`Error`. Since the former is a " +"subclass of the latter, this change is backward compatible." +msgstr "引发 :exc:`SameFileError` 而不是 :exc:`Error`。 由于前者是后者的子类，此改变是向后兼容的。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:81 ../../library/shutil.rst:185 +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:217 ../../library/shutil.rst:287 +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Platform-specific fast-copy syscalls may be used internally in order to copy" +" the file more efficiently. See :ref:`shutil-platform-dependent-efficient-" +"copy-operations` section." +msgstr "" +"可能会在内部使用平台专属的快速拷贝系统调用以更高效地拷贝文件。 参见 :ref:`shutil-platform-dependent-" +"efficient-copy-operations` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:88 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised if source and destination in :func:`copyfile` are " +"the same file." +msgstr "此异常会在 :func:`copyfile` 中的源和目标为同一文件时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Copy the permission bits from *src* to *dst*. The file contents, owner, and" +" group are unaffected. *src* and *dst* are :term:`path-like objects ` or path names given as strings. If *follow_symlinks* is false," +" and both *src* and *dst* are symbolic links, :func:`copymode` will attempt " +"to modify the mode of *dst* itself (rather than the file it points to). " +"This functionality is not available on every platform; please see " +":func:`copystat` for more information. If :func:`copymode` cannot modify " +"symbolic links on the local platform, and it is asked to do so, it will do " +"nothing and return." +msgstr "" +"将权限位从 *src* 拷贝到 *dst*。 文件的内容、所有者和分组将不受影响。 *src* 和 *dst* 均为 :term:`路径型对象 " +"` 或字符串形式的路径名。 如果 *follow_symlinks* 为假值，并且 *src* 和 *dst* " +"均为符号链接，则 :func:`copymode` 将尝试修改 *dst* 本身的模式（而不是它所指向的文件）。 此功能并不是在所有平台上均可用；请参阅" +" :func:`copystat` 了解详情。 如果 :func:`copymode` " +"无法修改本机平台上的符号链接，而它被要求这样做，它将不做任何操作即返回。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:106 ../../library/shutil.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.copymode`` with " +"arguments ``src``, ``dst``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.copymode`` 并附带参数 ``src``, ``dst``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:108 +msgid "Added *follow_symlinks* argument." +msgstr "加入 *follow_symlinks* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Copy the permission bits, last access time, last modification time, and " +"flags from *src* to *dst*. On Linux, :func:`copystat` also copies the " +"\"extended attributes\" where possible. The file contents, owner, and group" +" are unaffected. *src* and *dst* are :term:`path-like objects ` or path names given as strings." +msgstr "" +"将权限位、最近访问时间、最近修改时间和旗标从 *src* 拷贝到 *dst*。 在 Linux 上，:func:`copystat` " +"还会在可能的情况下拷贝“扩展属性”。 文件的内容、所有者和分组将不受影响。 *src* 和 *dst* 均为 :term:`路径型对象 ` 或字符串形式的路径名。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:119 +msgid "" +"If *follow_symlinks* is false, and *src* and *dst* both refer to symbolic " +"links, :func:`copystat` will operate on the symbolic links themselves rather" +" than the files the symbolic links refer to—reading the information from the" +" *src* symbolic link, and writing the information to the *dst* symbolic " +"link." +msgstr "" +"如果 *follow_symlinks* 为假值，并且 *src* 和 *dst* 均指向符号链接，:func:`copystat` " +"将作用于符号链接本身而非该符号链接所指向的文件 — 从 *src* 符号链接读取信息，并将信息写入 *dst* 符号链接。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Not all platforms provide the ability to examine and modify symbolic links." +" Python itself can tell you what functionality is locally available." +msgstr "并非所有平台者提供检查和修改符号链接的功能。 Python 本身可以告诉你哪些功能是在本机上可用的。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:132 +msgid "" +"If ``os.chmod in os.supports_follow_symlinks`` is ``True``, :func:`copystat`" +" can modify the permission bits of a symbolic link." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``os.chmod in os.supports_follow_symlinks`` 为 ``True``，则 :func:`copystat`" +" 可以修改符号链接的权限位。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:136 +msgid "" +"If ``os.utime in os.supports_follow_symlinks`` is ``True``, :func:`copystat`" +" can modify the last access and modification times of a symbolic link." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``os.utime in os.supports_follow_symlinks`` 为 ``True``，则 :func:`copystat`" +" 可以修改符号链接的最近访问和修改时间。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:140 +msgid "" +"If ``os.chflags in os.supports_follow_symlinks`` is ``True``, " +":func:`copystat` can modify the flags of a symbolic link. (``os.chflags`` " +"is not available on all platforms.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``os.chflags in os.supports_follow_symlinks`` 为 ``True``，则 " +":func:`copystat` 可以修改符号链接的旗标。 (``os.chflags`` 不是在所有平台上均可用。)" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:145 +msgid "" +"On platforms where some or all of this functionality is unavailable, when " +"asked to modify a symbolic link, :func:`copystat` will copy everything it " +"can. :func:`copystat` never returns failure." +msgstr "" +"在此功能部分或全部不可用的平台上，当被要求修改一个符号链接时，:func:`copystat` 将尽量拷贝所有内容。 :func:`copystat` " +"一定不会返回失败信息。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:150 +msgid "Please see :data:`os.supports_follow_symlinks` for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 :data:`os.supports_follow_symlinks`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:153 ../../library/shutil.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.copystat`` with " +"arguments ``src``, ``dst``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.copystat`` 并附带参数 ``src``, ``dst``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Added *follow_symlinks* argument and support for Linux extended attributes." +msgstr "添加了 *follow_symlinks* 参数并且支持 Linux 扩展属性。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Copies the file *src* to the file or directory *dst*. *src* and *dst* " +"should be :term:`path-like objects ` or strings. If *dst*" +" specifies a directory, the file will be copied into *dst* using the base " +"filename from *src*. If *dst* specifies a file that already exists, it will " +"be replaced. Returns the path to the newly created file." +msgstr "" +"将文件 *src* 拷贝到文件或目录 *dst*。 *src* 和 *dst* 应为 :term:`路径类对象 ` " +"或字符串。 如果 *dst* 指定了一个目录，文件将使用 *src* 中的基准文件名拷贝到 *dst* 中。 如果 *dst* " +"指定了一个已存在的文件，它将被替换。 返回新创建文件所对应的路径。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:166 +msgid "" +"If *follow_symlinks* is false, and *src* is a symbolic link, *dst* will be " +"created as a symbolic link. If *follow_symlinks* is true and *src* is a " +"symbolic link, *dst* will be a copy of the file *src* refers to." +msgstr "" +"如果 *follow_symlinks* 为假值且 *src* 为符号链接，则 *dst* 也将被创建为符号链接。 如果 " +"*follow_symlinks* 为真值且 *src* 为符号链接，*dst* 将成为 *src* 所指向的文件的一个副本。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:171 +msgid "" +":func:`~shutil.copy` copies the file data and the file's permission mode " +"(see :func:`os.chmod`). Other metadata, like the file's creation and " +"modification times, is not preserved. To preserve all file metadata from the" +" original, use :func:`~shutil.copy2` instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~shutil.copy` 会拷贝文件数据和文件的权限模式 (参见 :func:`os.chmod`)。 " +"其他元数据，例如文件的创建和修改时间不会被保留。 要保留所有原有的元数据，请改用 :func:`~shutil.copy2` 。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Added *follow_symlinks* argument. Now returns path to the newly created " +"file." +msgstr "添加了 *follow_symlinks* 参数。 现在会返回新创建文件的路径。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Identical to :func:`~shutil.copy` except that :func:`copy2` also attempts to" +" preserve file metadata." +msgstr "类似于 :func:`~shutil.copy`，区别在于 :func:`copy2` 还会尝试保留文件的元数据。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:195 +msgid "" +"When *follow_symlinks* is false, and *src* is a symbolic link, :func:`copy2`" +" attempts to copy all metadata from the *src* symbolic link to the newly " +"created *dst* symbolic link. However, this functionality is not available on" +" all platforms. On platforms where some or all of this functionality is " +"unavailable, :func:`copy2` will preserve all the metadata it can; " +":func:`copy2` never raises an exception because it cannot preserve file " +"metadata." +msgstr "" +"当 *follow_symlinks* 为假值，并且 *src* 为符号链接时，:func:`copy2` 会尝试将来自 *src* " +"符号链接的所有元数据拷贝到新创建的 *dst* 符号链接。 但是，此功能不是在所有平台上均可用。 " +"在此功能部分或全部不可用的平台上，:func:`copy2` 将尽量保留所有元数据，:func:`copy2` " +"一定不会由于无法保留文件元数据而引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:204 +msgid "" +":func:`copy2` uses :func:`copystat` to copy the file metadata. Please see " +":func:`copystat` for more information about platform support for modifying " +"symbolic link metadata." +msgstr "" +":func:`copy2` 会使用 :func:`copystat` 来拷贝文件元数据。 请参阅 :func:`copystat` " +"了解有关修改符号链接元数据的平台支持的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Added *follow_symlinks* argument, try to copy extended file system " +"attributes too (currently Linux only). Now returns path to the newly created" +" file." +msgstr "添加了 *follow_symlinks* 参数，还会尝试拷贝扩展文件系统属性（目前仅限 Linux）。 现在会返回新创建文件的路径。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:224 +msgid "" +"This factory function creates a function that can be used as a callable for " +":func:`copytree`\\'s *ignore* argument, ignoring files and directories that " +"match one of the glob-style *patterns* provided. See the example below." +msgstr "" +"这个工厂函数会创建一个函数，它可被用作 :func:`copytree` 的 *ignore* 可调用对象参数，以忽略那些匹配所提供的 glob 风格的" +" *patterns* 之一的文件和目录。 参见以下示例。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Recursively copy an entire directory tree rooted at *src* to a directory " +"named *dst* and return the destination directory. All intermediate " +"directories needed to contain *dst* will also be created by default." +msgstr "" +"递归地将以 *src* 为根起点的整个目录树拷贝到名为 *dst* 的目录并返回目标目录。 所需的包含 *dst* 的中间目录在默认情况下也将被创建。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Permissions and times of directories are copied with :func:`copystat`, " +"individual files are copied using :func:`~shutil.copy2`." +msgstr "目录的权限和时间会通过 :func:`copystat` 来拷贝，单个文件则会使用 :func:`~shutil.copy2` 来拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:240 +msgid "" +"If *symlinks* is true, symbolic links in the source tree are represented as " +"symbolic links in the new tree and the metadata of the original links will " +"be copied as far as the platform allows; if false or omitted, the contents " +"and metadata of the linked files are copied to the new tree." +msgstr "" +"如果 *symlinks* " +"为真值，源目录树中的符号链接会在新目录树中表示为符号链接，并且原链接的元数据在平台允许的情况下也会被拷贝；如果为假值或省略，则会将被链接文件的内容和元数据拷贝到新目录树。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:245 +msgid "" +"When *symlinks* is false, if the file pointed to by the symlink doesn't " +"exist, an exception will be added in the list of errors raised in an " +":exc:`Error` exception at the end of the copy process. You can set the " +"optional *ignore_dangling_symlinks* flag to true if you want to silence this" +" exception. Notice that this option has no effect on platforms that don't " +"support :func:`os.symlink`." +msgstr "" +"当 *symlinks* 为假值时，如果符号链接所指向的文件不存在，则会在拷贝进程的末尾将一个异常添加到 :exc:`Error` " +"异常中的被引发错误列表。 如果你希望屏蔽此异常则可以将可选的 *ignore_dangling_symlinks* 旗标设为真值。 请注意此选项在不支持" +" :func:`os.symlink` 的平台上将不起作用。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:252 +msgid "" +"If *ignore* is given, it must be a callable that will receive as its " +"arguments the directory being visited by :func:`copytree`, and a list of its" +" contents, as returned by :func:`os.listdir`. Since :func:`copytree` is " +"called recursively, the *ignore* callable will be called once for each " +"directory that is copied. The callable must return a sequence of directory " +"and file names relative to the current directory (i.e. a subset of the items" +" in its second argument); these names will then be ignored in the copy " +"process. :func:`ignore_patterns` can be used to create such a callable that" +" ignores names based on glob-style patterns." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *ignore*，它必须是一个可调用对象，该对象将接受 :func:`copytree` 所访问的目录以及 " +":func:`os.listdir` 所返回的目录内容列表作为其参数。 由于 :func:`copytree` 是递归地被调用的，*ignore* " +"可调用对象对于每个被拷贝目录都将被调用一次。 " +"该可调用对象必须返回一个相对于当前目录的目录和文件名序列（即其第二个参数的子集）；随后这些名称将在拷贝进程中被忽略。 " +":func:`ignore_patterns` 可被用于创建这种基于 glob 风格模式来忽略特定名称的可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:262 +msgid "" +"If exception(s) occur, an :exc:`Error` is raised with a list of reasons." +msgstr "如果发生了（一个或多个）异常，将引发一个附带原因列表的 :exc:`Error`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:264 +msgid "" +"If *copy_function* is given, it must be a callable that will be used to copy" +" each file. It will be called with the source path and the destination path " +"as arguments. By default, :func:`~shutil.copy2` is used, but any function " +"that supports the same signature (like :func:`~shutil.copy`) can be used." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *copy_function*，它必须是一个将被用来拷贝每个文件的可调用对象。 它在被调用时会将源路径和目标路径作为参数传入。 " +"默认情况下，:func:`~shutil.copy2` 将被使用，但任何支持同样签名（与 :func:`~shutil.copy` 一致）都可以使用。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:269 +msgid "" +"If *dirs_exist_ok* is false (the default) and *dst* already exists, a " +":exc:`FileExistsError` is raised. If *dirs_exist_ok* is true, the copying " +"operation will continue if it encounters existing directories, and files " +"within the *dst* tree will be overwritten by corresponding files from the " +"*src* tree." +msgstr "" +"如果 *dirs_exist_ok* 为（默认的）假值且 *dst* 已存在，则会引发 :exc:`FileExistsError`。 如果 " +"*dirs_exist_ok* 为真值，则如果拷贝操作遇到已存在的目录时将继续执行，并且在 *dst* 目录树中的文件将被 *src* " +"目录树中对应的文件所覆盖。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.copytree`` with " +"arguments ``src``, ``dst``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.copytree`` 并附带参数 ``src``, ``dst``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Added the *copy_function* argument to be able to provide a custom copy " +"function. Added the *ignore_dangling_symlinks* argument to silence dangling " +"symlinks errors when *symlinks* is false." +msgstr "" +"添加了 *copy_function* 参数以允许提供定制的拷贝函数。 添加了 *ignore_dangling_symlinks* 参数以便在 " +"*symlinks* 为假值时屏蔽目标不存在的符号链接。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:283 +msgid "Copy metadata when *symlinks* is false. Now returns *dst*." +msgstr "当 *symlinks* 为假值时拷贝元数据。 现在会返回 *dst*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:292 +msgid "Added the *dirs_exist_ok* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *dirs_exist_ok* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Delete an entire directory tree; *path* must point to a directory (but not a" +" symbolic link to a directory). If *ignore_errors* is true, errors " +"resulting from failed removals will be ignored; if false or omitted, such " +"errors are handled by calling a handler specified by *onexc* or *onerror* " +"or, if both are omitted, exceptions are propagated to the caller." +msgstr "" +"删除一个完整的目录树；*path* 必须指向一个目录（但不能是一个目录的符号链接）。 如果 *ignore_errors* " +"为真值，则删除失败导致的错误将被忽略；如果为假值或被省略，则此类错误将通过调用由 *onexc* 或 *onerror* " +"所指定的处理器来处理，或者如果此参数被省略，异常将被传播给调用方。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:305 +msgid "" +"This function can support :ref:`paths relative to directory descriptors " +"`." +msgstr "本函数支持 :ref:`基于目录描述符的相对路径 `。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:310 +msgid "" +"On platforms that support the necessary fd-based functions a symlink attack " +"resistant version of :func:`rmtree` is used by default. On other platforms," +" the :func:`rmtree` implementation is susceptible to a symlink attack: given" +" proper timing and circumstances, attackers can manipulate symlinks on the " +"filesystem to delete files they wouldn't be able to access otherwise. " +"Applications can use the :data:`rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks` function " +"attribute to determine which case applies." +msgstr "" +"在支持必要的基于 fd 的函数的平台上，默认会使用 :func:`rmtree` 的可防御符号链接攻击的版本。 " +"在其他平台上，:func:`rmtree` " +"较易遭受符号链接攻击：给定适当的时间和环境，攻击者可以操纵文件系统中的符号链接来删除他们在其他情况下无法访问的文件。 应用程序可以使用 " +":data:`rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks` 函数属性来确定此类情况具体是哪一些。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:318 +msgid "" +"If *onexc* is provided, it must be a callable that accepts three parameters:" +" *function*, *path*, and *excinfo*." +msgstr "如果提供了 *onexc*，它必须为接受三个形参的可调用对象: *function*, *path* 和 *excinfo*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The first parameter, *function*, is the function which raised the exception;" +" it depends on the platform and implementation. The second parameter, " +"*path*, will be the path name passed to *function*. The third parameter, " +"*excinfo*, is the exception that was raised. Exceptions raised by *onexc* " +"will not be caught." +msgstr "" +"第一个形参 *function* 是引发异常的函数；它依赖于具体的平台和实现。 第二个形参 *path* 将为传递给 *function* 的路径名称。" +" 第三个形参 *excinfo* 是被引发的异常。 由 *onexc* 所引发的异常将不会被捕获。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:327 +msgid "" +"The deprecated *onerror* is similar to *onexc*, except that the third " +"parameter it receives is the tuple returned from :func:`sys.exc_info`." +msgstr "" +"已弃用的 *onerror* 与 *onexc* 类似，区别在于它接受的第三个形参是从 :func:`sys.exc_info` 返回的元组。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:330 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.rmtree`` with arguments " +"``path``, ``dir_fd``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.rmtree`` 并附带参数 ``path``, ``dir_fd``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Added a symlink attack resistant version that is used automatically if " +"platform supports fd-based functions." +msgstr "添加了一个防御符号链接攻击的版本，如果平台支持基于 fd 的函数就会被使用。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:336 +msgid "" +"On Windows, will no longer delete the contents of a directory junction " +"before removing the junction." +msgstr "在 Windows 上将不会再在移除连接之前删除目录连接中的内容。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:340 +msgid "Added the *dir_fd* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *dir_fd* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:343 +msgid "Added the *onexc* parameter, deprecated *onerror*." +msgstr "增加了 *onexc* 形参，弃用了 *onerror*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:346 +msgid "" +":func:`!rmtree` now ignores :exc:`FileNotFoundError` exceptions for all but " +"the top-level path. Exceptions other than :exc:`OSError` and subclasses of " +":exc:`!OSError` are now always propagated to the caller." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`!rmtree` 会忽略最高层级路径以外所有路径的 :exc:`FileNotFoundError` 异常。 " +":exc:`OSError` 和 :exc:`!OSError` 的子类现在总是会被传播给调用方。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:354 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the current platform and implementation provides a symlink" +" attack resistant version of :func:`rmtree`. Currently this is only true " +"for platforms supporting fd-based directory access functions." +msgstr "" +"指明当前平台和实现是否提供防御符号链接攻击的 :func:`rmtree` 版本。 目前它仅在平台支持基于 fd 的目录访问函数时才返回真值。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Recursively move a file or directory (*src*) to another location and return " +"the destination." +msgstr "递归地将一个文件或目录 (*src*) 移到另一位置并返回目标位置。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:366 +msgid "" +"If *dst* is an existing directory or a symlink to a directory, then *src* is" +" moved inside that directory. The destination path in that directory must " +"not already exist." +msgstr "如果 *dst* 为已存在的目录或指向目录的符号链接，则 *src* 将被移到该目录中。 目标路径在该目录中不能已存在。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:370 +msgid "" +"If *dst* already exists but is not a directory, it may be overwritten " +"depending on :func:`os.rename` semantics." +msgstr "如果 *dst* 已存在但不是一个目录，则它可能会被覆盖，具体取决于 :func:`os.rename` 的语义。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:373 +msgid "" +"If the destination is on the current filesystem, then :func:`os.rename` is " +"used. Otherwise, *src* is copied to the destination using *copy_function* " +"and then removed. In case of symlinks, a new symlink pointing to the target" +" of *src* will be created as the destination and *src* will be removed." +msgstr "" +"如果目标是在当前文件系统中，则会使用 :func:`os.rename`。 在其他情况下，则使用 *copy_function* 将 *src* " +"拷贝至目标然后移除它。 对于符号链接，则将创建一个指向 *src* 目标的新符号链接作为目标位置而 *src* 将被移除。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:378 +msgid "" +"If *copy_function* is given, it must be a callable that takes two arguments," +" *src* and the destination, and will be used to copy *src* to the " +"destination if :func:`os.rename` cannot be used. If the source is a " +"directory, :func:`copytree` is called, passing it the *copy_function*. The " +"default *copy_function* is :func:`copy2`. Using :func:`~shutil.copy` as the" +" *copy_function* allows the move to succeed when it is not possible to also " +"copy the metadata, at the expense of not copying any of the metadata." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *copy_function*，则它必须为接受两个参数 *src* 和目标位置的可调用对象，并将在 :func:`os.rename` " +"无法使用时被用来将 *src* 拷贝到目标位置。 如果源是一个目录，则会调用 :func:`copytree`，并向它传入 " +"*copy_function*。 默认的 *copy_function* 是 :func:`copy2`。 使用 " +":func:`~shutil.copy` 作为 *copy_function* " +"将允许在无法附带拷贝元数据时让移动操作成功执行，但其代价是不拷贝任何元数据。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.move`` with arguments " +"``src``, ``dst``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.move`` 并附带参数 ``src``, ``dst``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:388 +msgid "" +"Added explicit symlink handling for foreign filesystems, thus adapting it to" +" the behavior of GNU's :program:`mv`. Now returns *dst*." +msgstr "为异类文件系统添加了显式的符号链接处理，以便使它适应 GNU 的 :program:`mv` 的行为。 现在会返回 *dst*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:393 +msgid "Added the *copy_function* keyword argument." +msgstr "增加了 *copy_function* 关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:401 +msgid "Accepts a :term:`path-like object` for both *src* and *dst*." +msgstr "接受一个 :term:`path-like object` 作为 *src* 和 *dst*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Return disk usage statistics about the given path as a :term:`named tuple` " +"with the attributes *total*, *used* and *free*, which are the amount of " +"total, used and free space, in bytes. *path* may be a file or a directory." +msgstr "" +"返回给定路径的磁盘使用统计数据，形式为一个 :term:`named tuple`，其中包含 *total*, *used* 和 *free* " +"属性，分别表示总计、已使用和未使用空间的字节数。 *path* 可以是一个文件或是一个目录。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:413 +msgid "" +"On Unix filesystems, *path* must point to a path within a **mounted** " +"filesystem partition. On those platforms, CPython doesn't attempt to " +"retrieve disk usage information from non-mounted filesystems." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 文件系统中，*path* 必须指向一个 **已挂载** 文件系统分区中的路径。 在这些平台上，CPython " +"不会尝试从未挂载的文件系统中获取磁盘使用信息。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:419 +msgid "On Windows, *path* can now be a file or directory." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，*path* 现在可以是一个文件或目录。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:422 ../../library/shutil.rst:436 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:427 +msgid "Change owner *user* and/or *group* of the given *path*." +msgstr "修改给定 *path* 的所有者 *user* 和/或 *group*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:429 +msgid "" +"*user* can be a system user name or a uid; the same applies to *group*. At " +"least one argument is required." +msgstr "*user* 可以是一个系统用户名或 uid；*group* 同样如此。 要求至少有一个参数。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:432 +msgid "See also :func:`os.chown`, the underlying function." +msgstr "另请参阅下层的函数 :func:`os.chown`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:434 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.chown`` with arguments " +"``path``, ``user``, ``group``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.chown`` 并附带参数 ``path``, ``user``, " +"``group``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:440 +msgid "Added *dir_fd* and *follow_symlinks* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *dir_fd* 和 *follow_symlinks* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Return the path to an executable which would be run if the given *cmd* was " +"called. If no *cmd* would be called, return ``None``." +msgstr "返回当给定的 *cmd* 被调用时将要运行的可执行文件的路径。 如果没有 *cmd* 会被调用则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:449 +msgid "" +"*mode* is a permission mask passed to :func:`os.access`, by default " +"determining if the file exists and is executable." +msgstr "*mode* 是一个传递给 :func:`os.access` 的权限掩码，在默认情况下将确定文件是否存在并且为可执行文件。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:452 +msgid "" +"*path* is a \"``PATH`` string\" specifying the directories to look in, " +"delimited by :data:`os.pathsep`. When no *path* is specified, the " +":envvar:`PATH` environment variable is read from :data:`os.environ`, falling" +" back to :data:`os.defpath` if it is not set." +msgstr "" +"*path* 是一个指明要查找的目录的 \"``PATH`` 字符串\"，由 :data:`os.pathsep` 分隔。 当未指定 *path* " +"时，将从 :data:`os.environ` 读取 :envvar:`PATH` 环境变量，如果其未被设置则将回退至 " +":data:`os.defpath`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:457 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the current directory is prepended to the *path* if *mode* does " +"not include ``os.X_OK``. When the *mode* does include ``os.X_OK``, the " +"Windows API ``NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW`` will be consulted to " +"determine if the current directory should be prepended to *path*. To avoid " +"consulting the current working directory for executables: set the " +"environment variable ``NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，如果 *mode* 不包括 ``os.X_OK`` 则会将当前目录添加到 *path* 中。 当 *mode* 包括 " +"``os.X_OK`` 时，则将通过 Windows API ``NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW`` " +"来确定当前目录是否应当添加到 *path* 中。 要避免在当前工作目录下查找可执行文件：可设置 " +"``NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath`` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Also on Windows, the :envvar:`PATHEXT` environment variable is used to " +"resolve commands that may not already include an extension. For example, if " +"you call ``shutil.which(\"python\")``, :func:`which` will search ``PATHEXT``" +" to know that it should look for ``python.exe`` within the *path* " +"directories. For example, on Windows::" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，还会使用 :envvar:`PATHEXT` 环境变量来处理可能尚未包括某个扩展的命令。 举例来说，如果你调用 " +"``shutil.which(\"python\")``，:func:`which` 将搜索 ``PATHEXT`` 以获知应当在 *path* " +"的目录中查找 ``python.exe``。 例如，在 Windows 上::" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:470 +msgid "" +">>> shutil.which(\"python\")\n" +"'C:\\\\Python33\\\\python.EXE'" +msgstr "" +">>> shutil.which(\"python\")\n" +"'C:\\\\Python33\\\\python.EXE'" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:473 +msgid "" +"This is also applied when *cmd* is a path that contains a directory " +"component::" +msgstr "这也适用于当 *cmd* 是一个包含目录组成部分路径的情况::" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:476 +msgid "" +">>> shutil.which(\"C:\\\\Python33\\\\python\")\n" +"'C:\\\\Python33\\\\python.EXE'" +msgstr "" +">>> shutil.which(\"C:\\\\Python33\\\\python\")\n" +"'C:\\\\Python33\\\\python.EXE'" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:481 +msgid "" +"The :class:`bytes` type is now accepted. If *cmd* type is :class:`bytes`, " +"the result type is also :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"现在可以接受 :class:`bytes` 类型。 如果 *cmd* 的类型为 :class:`bytes`，结果的类型也将为 " +":class:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:485 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the current directory is no longer prepended to the search path " +"if *mode* includes ``os.X_OK`` and WinAPI " +"``NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW(cmd)`` is false, else the current " +"directory is prepended even if it is already in the search path; ``PATHEXT``" +" is used now even when *cmd* includes a directory component or ends with an " +"extension that is in ``PATHEXT``; and filenames that have no extension can " +"now be found." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，如果 *mode* 包括 ``os.X_OK`` 且 WinAPI " +"``NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW(cmd)`` " +"为假值则不会再将当前目录添加到搜索路径中，否则即使当前目录已经在搜索路径中仍会再次添加它；现在 ``PATHEXT`` 即使当 *cmd* " +"包括目录组成部分或以 ``PATHEXT`` 中的扩展名结束时仍然会被使用；并且没有扩展名的文件名现在也能被找到。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:496 +msgid "" +"This exception collects exceptions that are raised during a multi-file " +"operation. For :func:`copytree`, the exception argument is a list of " +"3-tuples (*srcname*, *dstname*, *exception*)." +msgstr "" +"此异常会收集在多文件操作期间所引发的异常。 对于 :func:`copytree`，此异常参数将是一个由三元组 (*srcname*, " +"*dstname*, *exception*) 构成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:503 +msgid "Platform-dependent efficient copy operations" +msgstr "依赖于具体平台的高效拷贝操作" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Starting from Python 3.8, all functions involving a file copy " +"(:func:`copyfile`, :func:`~shutil.copy`, :func:`copy2`, :func:`copytree`, " +"and :func:`move`) may use platform-specific \"fast-copy\" syscalls in order " +"to copy the file more efficiently (see :issue:`33671`). \"fast-copy\" means " +"that the copying operation occurs within the kernel, avoiding the use of " +"userspace buffers in Python as in \"``outfd.write(infd.read())``\"." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.8 开始，所有涉及文件拷贝的函数 (:func:`copyfile`, :func:`~shutil.copy`, " +":func:`copy2`, :func:`copytree` 以及 :func:`move`) 将会使用平台专属的 \"fast-copy\" " +"系统调用以便更高效地拷贝文件 (参见 :issue:`33671`)。 \"fast-copy\" 意味着拷贝操作将发生于内核之中，避免像在 " +"\"``outfd.write(infd.read())``\" 中那样使用 Python 用户空间的缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:513 +msgid "On macOS `fcopyfile`_ is used to copy the file content (not metadata)." +msgstr "在 macOS 上将会使用 `fcopyfile`_ 来拷贝文件内容（不含元数据）。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:515 +msgid "On Linux :func:`os.sendfile` is used." +msgstr "在 Linux 上将会使用 :func:`os.sendfile`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:517 +msgid "" +"On Windows :func:`shutil.copyfile` uses a bigger default buffer size (1 MiB " +"instead of 64 KiB) and a :func:`memoryview`-based variant of " +":func:`shutil.copyfileobj` is used." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上 :func:`shutil.copyfile` 将会使用更大的默认缓冲区（1 MiB 而非 64 KiB）并且会使用基于 " +":func:`memoryview` 的 :func:`shutil.copyfileobj` 变种形式。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:521 +msgid "" +"If the fast-copy operation fails and no data was written in the destination " +"file then shutil will silently fallback on using less efficient " +":func:`copyfileobj` function internally." +msgstr "" +"如果快速拷贝操作失败并且没有数据被写入目标文件，则 shutil 将在内部静默地回退到使用效率较低的 :func:`copyfileobj` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:530 +msgid "copytree example" +msgstr "copytree 示例" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:532 +msgid "An example that uses the :func:`ignore_patterns` helper::" +msgstr "一个使用 :func:`ignore_patterns` 辅助函数的例子::" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:534 +msgid "" +"from shutil import copytree, ignore_patterns\n" +"\n" +"copytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))" +msgstr "" +"from shutil import copytree, ignore_patterns\n" +"\n" +"copytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:538 +msgid "" +"This will copy everything except ``.pyc`` files and files or directories " +"whose name starts with ``tmp``." +msgstr "这将会拷贝除 ``.pyc`` 文件和以 ``tmp`` 打头的文件或目录以外的所有条目." + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:541 +msgid "" +"Another example that uses the *ignore* argument to add a logging call::" +msgstr "另一个使用 *ignore* 参数来添加记录调用的例子::" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:543 +msgid "" +"from shutil import copytree\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"def _logpath(path, names):\n" +" logging.info('Working in %s', path)\n" +" return [] # nothing will be ignored\n" +"\n" +"copytree(source, destination, ignore=_logpath)" +msgstr "" +"from shutil import copytree\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"def _logpath(path, names):\n" +" logging.info('Working in %s', path)\n" +" return [] # nothing will be ignored\n" +"\n" +"copytree(source, destination, ignore=_logpath)" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:556 +msgid "rmtree example" +msgstr "rmtree 示例" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:558 +msgid "" +"This example shows how to remove a directory tree on Windows where some of " +"the files have their read-only bit set. It uses the onexc callback to clear " +"the readonly bit and reattempt the remove. Any subsequent failure will " +"propagate. ::" +msgstr "" +"这个例子演示了如何在 Windows 上删除一个目录树，其中部分文件设置了只读属性位。 它会使用 onexc 回调函数来清除只读属性并再次尝试删除。 " +"任何后续的失败都将被传播。 ::" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:563 +msgid "" +"import os, stat\n" +"import shutil\n" +"\n" +"def remove_readonly(func, path, _):\n" +" \"Clear the readonly bit and reattempt the removal\"\n" +" os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE)\n" +" func(path)\n" +"\n" +"shutil.rmtree(directory, onexc=remove_readonly)" +msgstr "" +"import os, stat\n" +"import shutil\n" +"\n" +"def remove_readonly(func, path, _):\n" +" \"Clear the readonly bit and reattempt the removal\"\n" +" os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE)\n" +" func(path)\n" +"\n" +"shutil.rmtree(directory, onexc=remove_readonly)" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:576 +msgid "Archiving operations" +msgstr "归档操作" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:580 +msgid "Added support for the *xztar* format." +msgstr "添加了对 *xztar* 格式的支持。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:584 +msgid "" +"High-level utilities to create and read compressed and archived files are " +"also provided. They rely on the :mod:`zipfile` and :mod:`tarfile` modules." +msgstr "" +"本模块也提供了用于创建和读取压缩和归档文件的高层级工具。 它们依赖于 :mod:`zipfile` 和 :mod:`tarfile` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:589 +msgid "Create an archive file (such as zip or tar) and return its name." +msgstr "创建一个归档文件（例如 zip 或 tar）并返回其名称。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:591 +msgid "" +"*base_name* is the name of the file to create, including the path, minus any" +" format-specific extension." +msgstr "*base_name* 是要创建的文件的名称，包括路径，去除任何格式专属的扩展名。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:594 +msgid "" +"*format* is the archive format: one of \"zip\" (if the :mod:`zlib` module is" +" available), \"tar\", \"gztar\" (if the :mod:`zlib` module is available), " +"\"bztar\" (if the :mod:`bz2` module is available), or \"xztar\" (if the " +":mod:`lzma` module is available)." +msgstr "" +"*format* 是归档格式：为 \"zip\" (如果 :mod:`zlib` 模块可用), \"tar\", \"gztar\" (如果 " +":mod:`zlib` 模块可用), \"bztar\" (如果 :mod:`bz2` 模块可用) 或 \"xztar\" (如果 " +":mod:`lzma` 模块可用) 中的一个。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:599 +msgid "" +"*root_dir* is a directory that will be the root directory of the archive, " +"all paths in the archive will be relative to it; for example, we typically " +"chdir into *root_dir* before creating the archive." +msgstr "" +"*root_dir* 是一个目录，它将作为归档文件的根目录，归档中的所有路径都将是它的相对路径；例如，我们通常会在创建归档之前用 chdir 命令切换到" +" *root_dir*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:603 +msgid "" +"*base_dir* is the directory where we start archiving from; i.e. *base_dir* " +"will be the common prefix of all files and directories in the archive. " +"*base_dir* must be given relative to *root_dir*. See :ref:`shutil-" +"archiving-example-with-basedir` for how to use *base_dir* and *root_dir* " +"together." +msgstr "" +"*base_dir* 是我们要执行归档的起始目录；也就是说 *base_dir* 将成为归档中所有文件和目录共有的路径前缀。 *base_dir* " +"必须相对于 *root_dir* 给出。 请参阅 :ref:`shutil-archiving-example-with-basedir` " +"了解如何同时使用 *base_dir* 和 *root_dir*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:609 +msgid "*root_dir* and *base_dir* both default to the current directory." +msgstr "*root_dir* 和 *base_dir* 默认均为当前目录。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:611 +msgid "" +"If *dry_run* is true, no archive is created, but the operations that would " +"be executed are logged to *logger*." +msgstr "如果 *dry_run* 为真值，则不会创建归档文件，但将要被执行的操作会被记录到 *logger*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:614 +msgid "" +"*owner* and *group* are used when creating a tar archive. By default, uses " +"the current owner and group." +msgstr "*owner* 和 *group* 将在创建 tar 归档文件时被使用。 默认会使用当前的所有者和分组。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:617 +msgid "" +"*logger* must be an object compatible with :pep:`282`, usually an instance " +"of :class:`logging.Logger`." +msgstr "*logger* 必须是一个兼容 :pep:`282` 的对象，通常为 :class:`logging.Logger` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:620 +msgid "The *verbose* argument is unused and deprecated." +msgstr "*verbose* 参数已不再使用并进入弃用状态。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:622 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.make_archive`` with " +"arguments ``base_name``, ``format``, ``root_dir``, ``base_dir``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.make_archive`` 并附带参数 ``base_name``, " +"``format``, ``root_dir``, ``base_dir``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:626 +msgid "" +"This function is not thread-safe when custom archivers registered with " +":func:`register_archive_format` do not support the *root_dir* argument. In " +"this case it temporarily changes the current working directory of the " +"process to *root_dir* to perform archiving." +msgstr "" +"此函数在通过 :func:`register_archive_format` 注册的自定义归档程序不支持 *root_dir* 参数时时不是线程安全的。" +" 在这种情况下它会临时改变进程的当前工作目录到 *root_dir* 来执行归档操作。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:632 +msgid "" +"The modern pax (POSIX.1-2001) format is now used instead of the legacy GNU " +"format for archives created with ``format=\"tar\"``." +msgstr "" +"现在对于通过 ``format=\"tar\"`` 创建的归档文件将使用新式的 pax (POSIX.1-2001) 格式而非旧式的 GNU 格式。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:636 +msgid "" +"This function is now made thread-safe during creation of standard ``.zip`` " +"and tar archives." +msgstr "目前此函数在创建标准 ``.zip`` 和 tar 归档文件期间会确保是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:642 +msgid "" +"Return a list of supported formats for archiving. Each element of the " +"returned sequence is a tuple ``(name, description)``." +msgstr "返回支持的归档格式列表。 所返回序列中的每个元素为一个元组 ``(name, description)``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:645 ../../library/shutil.rst:756 +msgid "By default :mod:`shutil` provides these formats:" +msgstr "默认情况下 :mod:`shutil` 提供以下格式:" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:647 +msgid "*zip*: ZIP file (if the :mod:`zlib` module is available)." +msgstr "*zip*: ZIP 文件（如果 :mod:`zlib` 模块可用）。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:648 +msgid "" +"*tar*: Uncompressed tar file. Uses POSIX.1-2001 pax format for new archives." +msgstr "*tar*: 未压缩的 tar 文件。 对于新归档文件将使用 POSIX.1-2001 pax 格式。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:649 ../../library/shutil.rst:761 +msgid "*gztar*: gzip'ed tar-file (if the :mod:`zlib` module is available)." +msgstr "*gztar*: gzip 压缩的 tar 文件（如果 :mod:`zlib` 模块可用）。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:650 ../../library/shutil.rst:762 +msgid "*bztar*: bzip2'ed tar-file (if the :mod:`bz2` module is available)." +msgstr "*bztar*: bzip2 压缩的 tar 文件（如果 :mod:`bz2` 模块可用）。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:651 ../../library/shutil.rst:763 +msgid "*xztar*: xz'ed tar-file (if the :mod:`lzma` module is available)." +msgstr "*xztar*: xz 压缩的 tar 文件（如果 :mod:`lzma` 模块可用）。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:653 +msgid "" +"You can register new formats or provide your own archiver for any existing " +"formats, by using :func:`register_archive_format`." +msgstr "你可以通过使用 :func:`register_archive_format` 注册新的格式或为任何现有格式提供你自己的归档器。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:659 +msgid "Register an archiver for the format *name*." +msgstr "为 *name* 格式注册一个归档器。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:661 +msgid "" +"*function* is the callable that will be used to unpack archives. The " +"callable will receive the *base_name* of the file to create, followed by the" +" *base_dir* (which defaults to :data:`os.curdir`) to start archiving from. " +"Further arguments are passed as keyword arguments: *owner*, *group*, " +"*dry_run* and *logger* (as passed in :func:`make_archive`)." +msgstr "" +"*function* 是将被用来解包归档文件的可调用对象。 该可调用对象将接收要创建文件的 *base_name*，再加上要归档内容的 " +"*base_dir* (其默认值为 :data:`os.curdir`)。 更多参数会被作为关键字参数传入: *owner*, *group*, " +"*dry_run* 和 *logger* (与向 :func:`make_archive` 传入的参数一致)。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:667 +msgid "" +"If *function* has the custom attribute ``function.supports_root_dir`` set to" +" ``True``, the *root_dir* argument is passed as a keyword argument. " +"Otherwise the current working directory of the process is temporarily " +"changed to *root_dir* before calling *function*. In this case " +":func:`make_archive` is not thread-safe." +msgstr "" +"如果 *function* 将自定义属性 ``function.supports_root_dir`` 设为 ``True``，则会以关键字参数形式传递" +" *root_dir* 参数。 否则进程的当前工作目录将在调用 *function* 之前被临时更改为 *root_dir*。 在此情况下 " +":func:`make_archive` 将不是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:673 +msgid "" +"If given, *extra_args* is a sequence of ``(name, value)`` pairs that will be" +" used as extra keywords arguments when the archiver callable is used." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *extra_args*，则其应为一个 ``(name, value)`` 对的序列，将在归档器可调用对象被使用时作为附加的关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:676 +msgid "" +"*description* is used by :func:`get_archive_formats` which returns the list " +"of archivers. Defaults to an empty string." +msgstr "" +"*description* 由 :func:`get_archive_formats` 使用，它将返回归档器的列表。 默认值为一个空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:679 +msgid "Added support for functions supporting the *root_dir* argument." +msgstr "增加了对支持 *root_dir* 参数的函数的支持。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:685 +msgid "Remove the archive format *name* from the list of supported formats." +msgstr "从支持的格式中移除归档格式 *name*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:690 +msgid "Unpack an archive. *filename* is the full path of the archive." +msgstr "解包一个归档文件。 *filename* 是归档文件的完整路径。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:692 +msgid "" +"*extract_dir* is the name of the target directory where the archive is " +"unpacked. If not provided, the current working directory is used." +msgstr "*extract_dir* 是归档文件解包的目标目录名称。 如果未提供，则将使用当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:695 +msgid "" +"*format* is the archive format: one of \"zip\", \"tar\", \"gztar\", " +"\"bztar\", or \"xztar\". Or any other format registered with " +":func:`register_unpack_format`. If not provided, :func:`unpack_archive` " +"will use the archive file name extension and see if an unpacker was " +"registered for that extension. In case none is found, a :exc:`ValueError` " +"is raised." +msgstr "" +"*format* 是归档格式：应为 \"zip\", \"tar\", \"gztar\", \"bztar\" 或 \"xztar\" 之一。 " +"或者任何通过 :func:`register_unpack_format` 注册的其他格式。 如果未提供，:func:`unpack_archive` " +"将使用归档文件的扩展名来检查是否注册了对应于该扩展名的解包器。 在未找到任何解包器的情况下，将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:702 +msgid "" +"The keyword-only *filter* argument is passed to the underlying unpacking " +"function. For zip files, *filter* is not accepted. For tar files, it is " +"recommended to set it to ``'data'``, unless using features specific to tar " +"and UNIX-like filesystems. (See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for " +"details.) The ``'data'`` filter will become the default for tar files in " +"Python 3.14." +msgstr "" +"仅限关键字参数 *filter* 将被传给下层的解包函数。 对于 zip 文件，*filter* 将不被接受。 对于 tar 文件，推荐将其设为 " +"``'data'``，除非使用了 tar 专属的特征且为 UNIX 类文件系统。 （请参阅 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-" +"filter` 了解详情。） ``'data'`` 将在 Python 3.14 中成为 tar 文件的默认过滤器。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:710 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``shutil.unpack_archive`` with " +"arguments ``filename``, ``extract_dir``, ``format``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``shutil.unpack_archive`` 并附带参数 ``filename``, " +"``extract_dir``, ``format``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection. It " +"is possible that files are created outside of the path specified in the " +"*extract_dir* argument, e.g. members that have absolute filenames starting " +"with \"/\" or filenames with two dots \"..\"." +msgstr "" +"绝不要未经预先检验就从不可靠的源中提取归档文件。 这样有可能会在 *extract_dir* 参数所指定的路径之外创建文件，例如某些成员具有以 " +"\"/\" 打头的绝对路径文件名或是以两个点号 \"..\" 打头的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:719 +msgid "Accepts a :term:`path-like object` for *filename* and *extract_dir*." +msgstr "接受一个 :term:`path-like object` 作为 *filename* 和 *extract_dir*。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:722 +msgid "Added the *filter* argument." +msgstr "增加了 *filter* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:727 +msgid "" +"Registers an unpack format. *name* is the name of the format and " +"*extensions* is a list of extensions corresponding to the format, like " +"``.zip`` for Zip files." +msgstr "" +"注册一个解包格式。 *name* 为格式名称而 *extensions* 为对应于该格式的扩展名列表，例如 Zip 文件的扩展名为 ``.zip``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:731 +msgid "" +"*function* is the callable that will be used to unpack archives. The " +"callable will receive:" +msgstr "*function* 是将被用于解包归档的可调用对象。 该可调用对象将接受:" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:734 +msgid "the path of the archive, as a positional argument;" +msgstr "归档的路径，为位置参数;" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:735 +msgid "" +"the directory the archive must be extracted to, as a positional argument;" +msgstr "归档要提取到的目录，为位置参数;" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:736 +msgid "" +"possibly a *filter* keyword argument, if it was given to " +":func:`unpack_archive`;" +msgstr "可选的 *filter* 关键字参数，如果有提供给 :func:`unpack_archive` 的话;" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:738 +msgid "" +"additional keyword arguments, specified by *extra_args* as a sequence of " +"``(name, value)`` tuples." +msgstr "额外的关键字参数，由 ``(name, value)`` 元组组成的序列 *extra_args* 指明。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:741 +msgid "" +"*description* can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned " +"by the :func:`get_unpack_formats` function." +msgstr "可以提供 *description* 来描述该格式，它将被 :func:`get_unpack_formats` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:747 +msgid "Unregister an unpack format. *name* is the name of the format." +msgstr "撤销注册一个解包格式。 *name* 为格式的名称。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:752 +msgid "" +"Return a list of all registered formats for unpacking. Each element of the " +"returned sequence is a tuple ``(name, extensions, description)``." +msgstr "返回所有已注册的解包格式列表。 所返回序列中的每个元素为一个元组 ``(name, extensions, description)``。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:758 +msgid "" +"*zip*: ZIP file (unpacking compressed files works only if the corresponding " +"module is available)." +msgstr "*zip*: ZIP 文件（只有在相应模块可用时才能解包压缩文件）。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:760 +msgid "*tar*: uncompressed tar file." +msgstr "*tar*: 未压缩的 tar 文件。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:765 +msgid "" +"You can register new formats or provide your own unpacker for any existing " +"formats, by using :func:`register_unpack_format`." +msgstr "你可以通过使用 :func:`register_unpack_format` 注册新的格式或为任何现有格式提供你自己的解包器。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:772 +msgid "Archiving example" +msgstr "归档程序示例" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:774 +msgid "" +"In this example, we create a gzip'ed tar-file archive containing all files " +"found in the :file:`.ssh` directory of the user::" +msgstr "在这个示例中，我们创建了一个 gzip 压缩的 tar 归档文件，其中包含用户的 :file:`.ssh` 目录下的所有文件::" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:777 +msgid "" +">>> from shutil import make_archive\n" +">>> import os\n" +">>> archive_name = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', 'myarchive'))\n" +">>> root_dir = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.ssh'))\n" +">>> make_archive(archive_name, 'gztar', root_dir)\n" +"'/Users/tarek/myarchive.tar.gz'" +msgstr "" +">>> from shutil import make_archive\n" +">>> import os\n" +">>> archive_name = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', 'myarchive'))\n" +">>> root_dir = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.ssh'))\n" +">>> make_archive(archive_name, 'gztar', root_dir)\n" +"'/Users/tarek/myarchive.tar.gz'" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:784 +msgid "The resulting archive contains:" +msgstr "结果归档文件中包含有:" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:786 +msgid "" +"$ tar -tzvf /Users/tarek/myarchive.tar.gz\n" +"drwx------ tarek/staff 0 2010-02-01 16:23:40 ./\n" +"-rw-r--r-- tarek/staff 609 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./authorized_keys\n" +"-rwxr-xr-x tarek/staff 65 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./config\n" +"-rwx------ tarek/staff 668 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_dsa\n" +"-rwxr-xr-x tarek/staff 609 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_dsa.pub\n" +"-rw------- tarek/staff 1675 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_rsa\n" +"-rw-r--r-- tarek/staff 397 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_rsa.pub\n" +"-rw-r--r-- tarek/staff 37192 2010-02-06 18:23:10 ./known_hosts" +msgstr "" +"$ tar -tzvf /Users/tarek/myarchive.tar.gz\n" +"drwx------ tarek/staff 0 2010-02-01 16:23:40 ./\n" +"-rw-r--r-- tarek/staff 609 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./authorized_keys\n" +"-rwxr-xr-x tarek/staff 65 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./config\n" +"-rwx------ tarek/staff 668 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_dsa\n" +"-rwxr-xr-x tarek/staff 609 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_dsa.pub\n" +"-rw------- tarek/staff 1675 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_rsa\n" +"-rw-r--r-- tarek/staff 397 2008-06-09 13:26:54 ./id_rsa.pub\n" +"-rw-r--r-- tarek/staff 37192 2010-02-06 18:23:10 ./known_hosts" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:802 +msgid "Archiving example with *base_dir*" +msgstr "使用 *base_dir* 的归档程序示例" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:804 +msgid "" +"In this example, similar to the `one above `_, we" +" show how to use :func:`make_archive`, but this time with the usage of " +"*base_dir*. We now have the following directory structure:" +msgstr "" +"在这个例子中，与 `上面的例子 `_ 类似，我们演示了如何使用 " +":func:`make_archive`，但这次是使用 *base_dir*。 我们现在具有如下的目录结构:" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:808 +msgid "" +"$ tree tmp\n" +"tmp\n" +"└── root\n" +" └── structure\n" +" ├── content\n" +" └── please_add.txt\n" +" └── do_not_add.txt" +msgstr "" +"$ tree tmp\n" +"tmp\n" +"└── root\n" +" └── structure\n" +" ├── content\n" +" └── please_add.txt\n" +" └── do_not_add.txt" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:818 +msgid "" +"In the final archive, :file:`please_add.txt` should be included, but " +":file:`do_not_add.txt` should not. Therefore we use the following::" +msgstr "" +"在最终的归档中，应当会包括 :file:`please_add.txt`，但不应当包括 :file:`do_not_add.txt`。 " +"因此我们使用以下代码::" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:821 +msgid "" +">>> from shutil import make_archive\n" +">>> import os\n" +">>> archive_name = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', 'myarchive'))\n" +">>> make_archive(\n" +"... archive_name,\n" +"... 'tar',\n" +"... root_dir='tmp/root',\n" +"... base_dir='structure/content',\n" +"... )\n" +"'/Users/tarek/my_archive.tar'" +msgstr "" +">>> from shutil import make_archive\n" +">>> import os\n" +">>> archive_name = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', 'myarchive'))\n" +">>> make_archive(\n" +"... archive_name,\n" +"... 'tar',\n" +"... root_dir='tmp/root',\n" +"... base_dir='structure/content',\n" +"... )\n" +"'/Users/tarek/my_archive.tar'" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:832 +msgid "Listing the files in the resulting archive gives us:" +msgstr "列出结果归档中的文件我们将会得到:" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:834 +msgid "" +"$ python -m tarfile -l /Users/tarek/myarchive.tar\n" +"structure/content/\n" +"structure/content/please_add.txt" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m tarfile -l /Users/tarek/myarchive.tar\n" +"structure/content/\n" +"structure/content/please_add.txt" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:842 +msgid "Querying the size of the output terminal" +msgstr "查询输出终端的尺寸" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:846 +msgid "Get the size of the terminal window." +msgstr "获取终端窗口的尺寸。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:848 +msgid "" +"For each of the two dimensions, the environment variable, ``COLUMNS`` and " +"``LINES`` respectively, is checked. If the variable is defined and the value" +" is a positive integer, it is used." +msgstr "" +"对于两个维度中的每一个，会分别检查环境变量 ``COLUMNS`` 和 ``LINES``。 如果定义了这些变量并且其值为正整数，则将使用这些值。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:852 +msgid "" +"When ``COLUMNS`` or ``LINES`` is not defined, which is the common case, the " +"terminal connected to :data:`sys.__stdout__` is queried by invoking " +":func:`os.get_terminal_size`." +msgstr "" +"如果未定义 ``COLUMNS`` 或 ``LINES``，这是通常的情况，则连接到 :data:`sys.__stdout__` 的终端将通过唤起 " +":func:`os.get_terminal_size` 被查询。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:856 +msgid "" +"If the terminal size cannot be successfully queried, either because the " +"system doesn't support querying, or because we are not connected to a " +"terminal, the value given in ``fallback`` parameter is used. ``fallback`` " +"defaults to ``(80, 24)`` which is the default size used by many terminal " +"emulators." +msgstr "" +"如果由于系统不支持查询，或是由于我们未连接到某个终端而导致查询终端尺寸不成功，则会使用在 ``fallback`` 形参中给出的值。 " +"``fallback`` 默认为 ``(80, 24)``，这是许多终端模拟器所使用的默认尺寸。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:862 +msgid "The value returned is a named tuple of type :class:`os.terminal_size`." +msgstr "返回的值是一个 :class:`os.terminal_size` 类型的具名元组。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:864 +msgid "" +"See also: The Single UNIX Specification, Version 2, `Other Environment " +"Variables`_." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅: The Single UNIX Specification, Version 2, `Other Environment " +"Variables`_." + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:869 +msgid "" +"The ``fallback`` values are also used if :func:`os.get_terminal_size` " +"returns zeroes." +msgstr "如果 :func:`os.get_terminal_size` 返回零值则 ``fallback`` 值也将被使用。" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:12 +msgid "file" +msgstr "文件" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:12 +msgid "copying" +msgstr "拷贝" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:12 +msgid "copying files" +msgstr "拷贝文件" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:297 +msgid "directory" +msgstr "directory" + +#: ../../library/shutil.rst:297 +msgid "deleting" +msgstr "删除" diff --git a/library/signal.po b/library/signal.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a91e0d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/signal.po @@ -0,0 +1,1144 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!signal` --- Set handlers for asynchronous events" +msgstr ":mod:`!signal` --- 设置异步事件处理器" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/signal.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/signal.py`" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:11 +msgid "This module provides mechanisms to use signal handlers in Python." +msgstr "该模块提供了在 Python 中使用信号处理程序的机制。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:15 +msgid "General rules" +msgstr "一般规则" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :func:`signal.signal` function allows defining custom handlers to be " +"executed when a signal is received. A small number of default handlers are " +"installed: :const:`SIGPIPE` is ignored (so write errors on pipes and sockets" +" can be reported as ordinary Python exceptions) and :const:`SIGINT` is " +"translated into a :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception if the parent process " +"has not changed it." +msgstr "" +":func:`signal.signal` 函数允许定义在接收到信号时执行的自定义处理程序。少量的默认处理程序已经设置： " +":const:`SIGPIPE` 被忽略（因此管道和套接字上的写入错误可以报告为普通的 Python 异常）以及如果父进程没有更改 " +":const:`SIGINT` ，则其会被翻译成 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:24 +msgid "" +"A handler for a particular signal, once set, remains installed until it is " +"explicitly reset (Python emulates the BSD style interface regardless of the " +"underlying implementation), with the exception of the handler for " +":const:`SIGCHLD`, which follows the underlying implementation." +msgstr "" +"一旦设置，特定信号的处理程序将保持安装，直到它被显式重置（ Python 模拟 BSD 样式接口而不管底层实现），但 :const:`SIGCHLD` " +"的处理程序除外，它遵循底层实现。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:29 +msgid "" +"On WebAssembly platforms, signals are emulated and therefore behave " +"differently. Several functions and signals are not available on these " +"platforms." +msgstr "在 WebAssembly 平台上，信号是模拟实现的因而其行为有所不同。 某些函数和信号在这些平台上将不可用。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:34 +msgid "Execution of Python signal handlers" +msgstr "执行 Python 信号处理程序" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:36 +msgid "" +"A Python signal handler does not get executed inside the low-level (C) " +"signal handler. Instead, the low-level signal handler sets a flag which " +"tells the :term:`virtual machine` to execute the corresponding Python signal" +" handler at a later point(for example at the next :term:`bytecode` " +"instruction). This has consequences:" +msgstr "" +"Python 信号处理程序不会在低级（ C ）信号处理程序中执行。相反，低级信号处理程序设置一个标志，告诉 :term:`virtual " +"machine` 稍后执行相应的 Python 信号处理程序（例如在下一个 :term:`bytecode` 指令）。这会导致：" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:42 +msgid "" +"It makes little sense to catch synchronous errors like :const:`SIGFPE` or " +":const:`SIGSEGV` that are caused by an invalid operation in C code. Python " +"will return from the signal handler to the C code, which is likely to raise " +"the same signal again, causing Python to apparently hang. From Python 3.3 " +"onwards, you can use the :mod:`faulthandler` module to report on synchronous" +" errors." +msgstr "" +"捕获同步错误是没有意义的，例如 :const:`SIGFPE` 或 :const:`SIGSEGV` ，它们是由 C " +"代码中的无效操作引起的。Python 将从信号处理程序返回到 C 代码，这可能会再次引发相同的信号，导致 Python 显然的挂起。 从Python " +"3.3开始，你可以使用 :mod:`faulthandler` 模块来报告同步错误。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:49 +msgid "" +"A long-running calculation implemented purely in C (such as regular " +"expression matching on a large body of text) may run uninterrupted for an " +"arbitrary amount of time, regardless of any signals received. The Python " +"signal handlers will be called when the calculation finishes." +msgstr "" +"纯 C 中实现的长时间运行的计算（例如在大量文本上的正则表达式匹配）可以在任意时间内不间断地运行，而不管接收到任何信号。计算完成后将调用 Python " +"信号处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:54 +msgid "" +"If the handler raises an exception, it will be raised \"out of thin air\" in" +" the main thread. See the :ref:`note below ` for a " +"discussion." +msgstr "" +"如果处理器引发了异常，它将在主线程中“凭空”被引发。 请参阅 :ref:`下面的注释 ` " +"讨论相关细节。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:62 +msgid "Signals and threads" +msgstr "信号与线程" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Python signal handlers are always executed in the main Python thread of the " +"main interpreter, even if the signal was received in another thread. This " +"means that signals can't be used as a means of inter-thread communication. " +"You can use the synchronization primitives from the :mod:`threading` module " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"Python 信号处理程序总是会在主 Python 主解释器的主线程中执行，即使信号是在另一个线程中接收的。 这意味着信号不能被用作线程间通信的手段。 " +"你可以改用 :mod:`threading` 模块中的同步原语。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Besides, only the main thread of the main interpreter is allowed to set a " +"new signal handler." +msgstr "此外，只有主解释器的主线程才被允许设置新的信号处理程序。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:73 +msgid "Module contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:75 +msgid "" +"signal (SIG*), handler (:const:`SIG_DFL`, :const:`SIG_IGN`) and sigmask " +"(:const:`SIG_BLOCK`, :const:`SIG_UNBLOCK`, :const:`SIG_SETMASK`) related " +"constants listed below were turned into :class:`enums ` " +"(:class:`Signals`, :class:`Handlers` and :class:`Sigmasks` respectively). " +":func:`getsignal`, :func:`pthread_sigmask`, :func:`sigpending` and " +":func:`sigwait` functions return human-readable :class:`enums " +"` as :class:`Signals` objects." +msgstr "" +"下面列出的信号 (SIG*), 处理器 (:const:`SIG_DFL`, :const:`SIG_IGN`) 和信号掩码 " +"(:const:`SIG_BLOCK`, :const:`SIG_UNBLOCK`, :const:`SIG_SETMASK`) 相关的常量会被转成 " +":class:`enums ` (分别为 :class:`Signals`, :class:`Handlers` 和 " +":class:`Sigmasks`)。 :func:`getsignal`, :func:`pthread_sigmask`, " +":func:`sigpending` 和 :func:`sigwait` 函数将以 :class:`Signals` 对象形式返回人类可读的 " +":class:`enums `。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:85 +msgid "The signal module defines three enums:" +msgstr "signal 模块定义了三个枚举:" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:89 +msgid "" +":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of SIG* constants and the CTRL_* constants." +msgstr ":class:`enum.IntEnum` 是 SIG* 常量和 CTRL_* 常量的多项集。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:95 +msgid "" +":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection the constants :const:`SIG_DFL` and " +":const:`SIG_IGN`." +msgstr ":class:`enum.IntEnum` 是常量 :const:`SIG_DFL` 和 :const:`SIG_IGN` 的多项集。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:101 +msgid "" +":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection the constants :const:`SIG_BLOCK`, " +":const:`SIG_UNBLOCK` and :const:`SIG_SETMASK`." +msgstr "" +":class:`enum.IntEnum` 是常量 :const:`SIG_BLOCK`, :const:`SIG_UNBLOCK` 和 " +":const:`SIG_SETMASK` 的多项集。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:103 ../../library/signal.rst:136 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:142 ../../library/signal.rst:148 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:154 ../../library/signal.rst:160 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:166 ../../library/signal.rst:180 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:198 ../../library/signal.rst:206 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:217 ../../library/signal.rst:232 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:238 ../../library/signal.rst:244 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:262 ../../library/signal.rst:272 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:351 ../../library/signal.rst:390 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:414 ../../library/signal.rst:437 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:471 ../../library/signal.rst:501 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:508 ../../library/signal.rst:563 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:605 ../../library/signal.rst:620 +#: ../../library/signal.rst:646 ../../library/signal.rst:666 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:105 ../../library/signal.rst:473 +msgid "" +"See the man page :manpage:`sigprocmask(2)` and :manpage:`pthread_sigmask(3)`" +" for further information." +msgstr "" +"请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`sigprocmask(2)` 和 :manpage:`pthread_sigmask(3)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:111 +msgid "The variables defined in the :mod:`signal` module are:" +msgstr "在 :mod:`signal` 模块中定义的变量是：" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:116 +msgid "" +"This is one of two standard signal handling options; it will simply perform " +"the default function for the signal. For example, on most systems the " +"default action for :const:`SIGQUIT` is to dump core and exit, while the " +"default action for :const:`SIGCHLD` is to simply ignore it." +msgstr "" +"这是两种标准信号处理选项之一；它只会执行信号的默认函数。 例如，在大多数系统上，对于 :const:`SIGQUIT` " +"的默认操作是转储核心并退出，而对于 :const:`SIGCHLD` 的默认操作是简单地忽略它。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:124 +msgid "" +"This is another standard signal handler, which will simply ignore the given " +"signal." +msgstr "这是另一个标准信号处理程序，它将简单地忽略给定的信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:130 +msgid "Abort signal from :manpage:`abort(3)`." +msgstr "来自 :manpage:`abort(3)` 的中止信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:134 +msgid "Timer signal from :manpage:`alarm(2)`." +msgstr "来自 :manpage:`alarm(2)` 的计时器信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:140 +msgid "Interrupt from keyboard (CTRL + BREAK)." +msgstr "来自键盘的中断 (CTRL + BREAK)。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:146 +msgid "Bus error (bad memory access)." +msgstr "总线错误 (非法的内存访问)。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:152 +msgid "Child process stopped or terminated." +msgstr "子进程被停止或终结。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:158 +msgid "Alias to :data:`SIGCHLD`." +msgstr ":data:`SIGCHLD` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:164 +msgid "Continue the process if it is currently stopped" +msgstr "如果进程当前已停止则继续执行它" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:170 +msgid "Floating-point exception. For example, division by zero." +msgstr "浮点异常。 例如除以零。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:173 +msgid "" +":exc:`ZeroDivisionError` is raised when the second argument of a division or" +" modulo operation is zero." +msgstr "当除法或求余运算的第二个参数为零时会引发 :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` 。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Hangup detected on controlling terminal or death of controlling process." +msgstr "在控制终端上检测到挂起或控制进程的终止。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:184 +msgid "Illegal instruction." +msgstr "非法指令。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:188 +msgid "Interrupt from keyboard (CTRL + C)." +msgstr "来自键盘的中断 (CTRL + C)。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:190 +msgid "Default action is to raise :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`." +msgstr "默认的动作是引发 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:194 +msgid "Kill signal." +msgstr "终止信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:196 +msgid "It cannot be caught, blocked, or ignored." +msgstr "它不能被捕获、阻塞或忽略。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:202 +msgid "Broken pipe: write to pipe with no readers." +msgstr "损坏的管道：写入到没有读取器的管道。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:204 +msgid "Default action is to ignore the signal." +msgstr "默认的动作是忽略此信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:210 +msgid "Segmentation fault: invalid memory reference." +msgstr "段错误：无效的内存引用。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Stack fault on coprocessor. The Linux kernel does not raise this signal: it " +"can only be raised in user space." +msgstr "协处理器上的栈错误。 Linux 内核不会引发此信号：它只能在用户空间中被引发。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:219 +msgid "" +"On architectures where the signal is available. See the man page " +":manpage:`signal(7)` for further information." +msgstr "在信号可用的架构上。 参见手册页面 :manpage:`signal(7)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:226 +msgid "Termination signal." +msgstr "终结信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:230 +msgid "User-defined signal 1." +msgstr "用户自定义信号 1。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:236 +msgid "User-defined signal 2." +msgstr "用户自定义信号 2。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:242 +msgid "Window resize signal." +msgstr "窗口调整大小信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:248 +msgid "" +"All the signal numbers are defined symbolically. For example, the hangup " +"signal is defined as :const:`signal.SIGHUP`; the variable names are " +"identical to the names used in C programs, as found in ````. The " +"Unix man page for ':c:func:`signal`' lists the existing signals (on some " +"systems this is :manpage:`signal(2)`, on others the list is in " +":manpage:`signal(7)`). Note that not all systems define the same set of " +"signal names; only those names defined by the system are defined by this " +"module." +msgstr "" +"所有信号编号都是符号化定义的。 例如，挂起信号被定义为 :const:`signal.SIGHUP`；变量的名称与 C 程序中使用的名称相同，具体见 " +"````。 ':c:func:`signal`' 的 Unix 手册页面列出了现有的信号 (在某些系统上这是 " +":manpage:`signal(2)`，在其他系统中此列表则是在 :manpage:`signal(7)` 中)。 " +"请注意并非所有系统都会定义相同的信号名称集；只有系统所定义的名称才会由此模块来定义。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The signal corresponding to the :kbd:`Ctrl+C` keystroke event. This signal " +"can only be used with :func:`os.kill`." +msgstr "对应于 :kbd:`Ctrl+C` 击键事件的信号。此信号只能用于 :func:`os.kill` 。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The signal corresponding to the :kbd:`Ctrl+Break` keystroke event. This " +"signal can only be used with :func:`os.kill`." +msgstr "对应于 :kbd:`Ctrl+Break` 击键事件的信号。此信号只能用于 :func:`os.kill` 。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:279 +msgid "" +"One more than the number of the highest signal number. Use " +":func:`valid_signals` to get valid signal numbers." +msgstr "比最高的信号编号值多一。 请使用 :func:`valid_signals` 来获取有效的信号编号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Decrements interval timer in real time, and delivers :const:`SIGALRM` upon " +"expiration." +msgstr "实时递减间隔计时器，并在到期时发送 :const:`SIGALRM` 。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Decrements interval timer only when the process is executing, and delivers " +"SIGVTALRM upon expiration." +msgstr "仅在进程执行时递减间隔计时器，并在到期时发送 SIGVTALRM 。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Decrements interval timer both when the process executes and when the system" +" is executing on behalf of the process. Coupled with ITIMER_VIRTUAL, this " +"timer is usually used to profile the time spent by the application in user " +"and kernel space. SIGPROF is delivered upon expiration." +msgstr "" +"当进程执行时以及当系统替进程执行时都会减小间隔计时器。 这个计时器与 ITIMER_VIRTUAL " +"相配结，通常被用于分析应用程序在用户和内核空间中花费的时间。 SIGPROF 会在超期时被发送。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:305 +msgid "" +"A possible value for the *how* parameter to :func:`pthread_sigmask` " +"indicating that signals are to be blocked." +msgstr ":func:`pthread_sigmask` 的 *how* 形参的一个可能的值，表明信号将会被阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:312 +msgid "" +"A possible value for the *how* parameter to :func:`pthread_sigmask` " +"indicating that signals are to be unblocked." +msgstr ":func:`pthread_sigmask` 的 *how* 形参的是个可能的值，表明信号将被解除阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:319 +msgid "" +"A possible value for the *how* parameter to :func:`pthread_sigmask` " +"indicating that the signal mask is to be replaced." +msgstr ":func:`pthread_sigmask` 的 *how* 形参的一个可能的值，表明信号掩码将要被替换。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:325 +msgid "The :mod:`signal` module defines one exception:" +msgstr ":mod:`signal` 模块定义了一个异常:" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Raised to signal an error from the underlying :func:`setitimer` or " +":func:`getitimer` implementation. Expect this error if an invalid interval " +"timer or a negative time is passed to :func:`setitimer`. This error is a " +"subtype of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "" +"作为来自下层 :func:`setitimer` 或 :func:`getitimer` 实现错误的信号被引发。 如果将无效的定时器或负的时间值传给 " +":func:`setitimer` 就导致这个错误。 此错误是 :exc:`OSError` 的子类型。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:334 +msgid "" +"This error used to be a subtype of :exc:`IOError`, which is now an alias of " +":exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "此错误是 :exc:`IOError` 的子类型，现在则是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:339 +msgid "The :mod:`signal` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`signal` 模块定义了以下函数:" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:344 +msgid "" +"If *time* is non-zero, this function requests that a :const:`SIGALRM` signal" +" be sent to the process in *time* seconds. Any previously scheduled alarm is" +" canceled (only one alarm can be scheduled at any time). The returned value" +" is then the number of seconds before any previously set alarm was to have " +"been delivered. If *time* is zero, no alarm is scheduled, and any scheduled " +"alarm is canceled. If the return value is zero, no alarm is currently " +"scheduled." +msgstr "" +"如果 *time* 值非零，则此函数将要求将一个 :const:`SIGALRM` 信号在 *time* 秒内发往进程。 " +"任何在之前排入计划的警报都会被取消（在任何时刻都只能有一个警报被排入计划）。 后续的返回值将是任何之前设置的警报被传入之前的秒数。 如果 *time* " +"值为零，则不会将任何警报排入计划，并且任何已排入计划的警报都会被取消。 如果返回值为零，则目前没有任何警报被排入计划。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:353 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`alarm(2)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`alarm(2)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:358 +msgid "" +"Return the current signal handler for the signal *signalnum*. The returned " +"value may be a callable Python object, or one of the special values " +":const:`signal.SIG_IGN`, :const:`signal.SIG_DFL` or :const:`None`. Here, " +":const:`signal.SIG_IGN` means that the signal was previously ignored, " +":const:`signal.SIG_DFL` means that the default way of handling the signal " +"was previously in use, and ``None`` means that the previous signal handler " +"was not installed from Python." +msgstr "" +"返回当前用于信号 *signalnum* 的信号处理程序。 返回值可以是一个 Python 可调用对象，或是特殊值 " +":const:`signal.SIG_IGN`, :const:`signal.SIG_DFL` 或 :const:`None` 之一。 " +"在这里，:const:`signal.SIG_IGN` 表示信号在之前被忽略，:const:`signal.SIG_DFL` " +"表示之前在使用默认的信号处理方式，而 ``None`` 表示之前的信号处理程序未由 Python 安装。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Returns the description of signal *signalnum*, such as \"Interrupt\" for " +":const:`SIGINT`. Returns :const:`None` if *signalnum* has no description. " +"Raises :exc:`ValueError` if *signalnum* is invalid." +msgstr "" +"返回信号 *signalnum* 的描述信息，例如 \"Interrupt\" 对应 :const:`SIGINT`。 如果 *signalnum* " +"没有描述信息则返回 :const:`None`。 如果 *signalnum* 无效则引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Return the set of valid signal numbers on this platform. This can be less " +"than ``range(1, NSIG)`` if some signals are reserved by the system for " +"internal use." +msgstr "返回本平台上的有效信号编号集。 这可能会少于 ``range(1, NSIG)``，如果某些信号被系统保留作为内部使用的话。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Cause the process to sleep until a signal is received; the appropriate " +"handler will then be called. Returns nothing." +msgstr "使进程休眠直至接收到一个信号；然后将会调用适当的处理程序。 返回空值。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:392 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`signal(2)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`signal(2)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:394 +msgid "" +"See also :func:`sigwait`, :func:`sigwaitinfo`, :func:`sigtimedwait` and " +":func:`sigpending`." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :func:`sigwait`, :func:`sigwaitinfo`, :func:`sigtimedwait` 和 " +":func:`sigpending`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:400 +msgid "Sends a signal to the calling process. Returns nothing." +msgstr "向调用方进程发送一个信号。 返回空值。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Send signal *sig* to the process referred to by file descriptor *pidfd*. " +"Python does not currently support the *siginfo* parameter; it must be " +"``None``. The *flags* argument is provided for future extensions; no flag " +"values are currently defined." +msgstr "" +"发送信号 *sig* 到文件描述符 *pidfd* 所指向的进程。 Python 目前不支持 *siginfo* 形参；它必须为 ``None``。 " +"提供 *flags* 参数是为了将来扩展；当前未定义旗标值。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:412 +msgid "See the :manpage:`pidfd_send_signal(2)` man page for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 :manpage:`pidfd_send_signal(2)` 手册页面。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Send the signal *signalnum* to the thread *thread_id*, another thread in the" +" same process as the caller. The target thread can be executing any code " +"(Python or not). However, if the target thread is executing the Python " +"interpreter, the Python signal handlers will be :ref:`executed by the main " +"thread of the main interpreter `. Therefore, the only " +"point of sending a signal to a particular Python thread would be to force a " +"running system call to fail with :exc:`InterruptedError`." +msgstr "" +"将信号 *signalnum* 发送至与调用者在同一进程中另一线程 *thread_id*。 目标线程可被用于执行任何代码（Python或其它）。 " +"但是，如果目标线程是在执行 Python 解释器，则 Python 信号处理程序将 :ref:`由主解释器的主线程来执行 `。 因此，将信号发送给特定 Python 线程的唯一作用在于强制让一个正在运行的系统调用失败并抛出 " +":exc:`InterruptedError`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:428 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`threading.get_ident` or the :attr:`~threading.Thread.ident` " +"attribute of :class:`threading.Thread` objects to get a suitable value for " +"*thread_id*." +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`threading.Thread` 对象的 :func:`threading.get_ident` 或 " +":attr:`~threading.Thread.ident` 属性为 *thread_id* 获取合适的值。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:432 +msgid "" +"If *signalnum* is 0, then no signal is sent, but error checking is still " +"performed; this can be used to check if the target thread is still running." +msgstr "如果 *signalnum* 为 0，则不会发送信号，但仍然会执行错误检测；这可被用来检测目标线程是否仍在运行。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``signal.pthread_kill`` with " +"arguments ``thread_id``, ``signalnum``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``signal.pthread_kill`` 并附带参数 ``thread_id``, " +"``signalnum``。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:439 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`pthread_kill(3)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`pthread_kill(3)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:441 +msgid "See also :func:`os.kill`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`os.kill`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:448 +msgid "" +"Fetch and/or change the signal mask of the calling thread. The signal mask " +"is the set of signals whose delivery is currently blocked for the caller. " +"Return the old signal mask as a set of signals." +msgstr "获取和/或修改调用方线程的信号掩码。 信号掩码是一组传送过程目前为调用者而阻塞的信号集。 返回旧的信号掩码作为一组信号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:452 +msgid "" +"The behavior of the call is dependent on the value of *how*, as follows." +msgstr "该调用的行为取决于 *how* 的值，具体见下。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:454 +msgid "" +":data:`SIG_BLOCK`: The set of blocked signals is the union of the current " +"set and the *mask* argument." +msgstr ":data:`SIG_BLOCK`: 被阻塞信号集是当前集与 *mask* 参数的并集。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:456 +msgid "" +":data:`SIG_UNBLOCK`: The signals in *mask* are removed from the current set " +"of blocked signals. It is permissible to attempt to unblock a signal which " +"is not blocked." +msgstr ":data:`SIG_UNBLOCK`: *mask* 中的信号会从当前已阻塞信号集中被移除。 允许尝试取消对一个非阻塞信号的阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:459 +msgid "" +":data:`SIG_SETMASK`: The set of blocked signals is set to the *mask* " +"argument." +msgstr ":data:`SIG_SETMASK`: 已阻塞信号集会被设为 *mask* 参数的值。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:462 +msgid "" +"*mask* is a set of signal numbers (e.g. {:const:`signal.SIGINT`, " +":const:`signal.SIGTERM`}). Use :func:`~signal.valid_signals` for a full mask" +" including all signals." +msgstr "" +"*mask* 是一个信号编号集合 (例如 {:const:`signal.SIGINT`, :const:`signal.SIGTERM`})。 请使用" +" :func:`~signal.valid_signals` 表示包含所有信号的完全掩码。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:466 +msgid "" +"For example, ``signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_BLOCK, [])`` reads the " +"signal mask of the calling thread." +msgstr "例如，``signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_BLOCK, [])`` 会读取调用方线程的信号掩码。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:469 +msgid ":data:`SIGKILL` and :data:`SIGSTOP` cannot be blocked." +msgstr ":data:`SIGKILL` 和 :data:`SIGSTOP` 不能被阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:476 +msgid "See also :func:`pause`, :func:`sigpending` and :func:`sigwait`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`pause`, :func:`sigpending` 和 :func:`sigwait`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:483 +msgid "" +"Sets given interval timer (one of :const:`signal.ITIMER_REAL`, " +":const:`signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL` or :const:`signal.ITIMER_PROF`) specified by " +"*which* to fire after *seconds* (float is accepted, different from " +":func:`alarm`) and after that every *interval* seconds (if *interval* is " +"non-zero). The interval timer specified by *which* can be cleared by setting" +" *seconds* to zero." +msgstr "" +"设置由 *which* 指明的给定间隔计时器 (:const:`signal.ITIMER_REAL`, " +":const:`signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL` 或 :const:`signal.ITIMER_PROF` 之一) 在 *seconds*" +" 秒 (接受浮点数值，为与 :func:`alarm` 之差) 之后开始并在每 *interval* 秒间隔时 (如果 *interval* 不为零) " +"启动。 由 *which* 指明的间隔计时器可通过将 *seconds* 设为零来清空。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:490 +msgid "" +"When an interval timer fires, a signal is sent to the process. The signal " +"sent is dependent on the timer being used; :const:`signal.ITIMER_REAL` will " +"deliver :const:`SIGALRM`, :const:`signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL` sends " +":const:`SIGVTALRM`, and :const:`signal.ITIMER_PROF` will deliver " +":const:`SIGPROF`." +msgstr "" +"当一个间隔计时器启动时，会有信号发送至进程。 所发送的具体信号取决于所使用的计时器；:const:`signal.ITIMER_REAL` 将发送 " +":const:`SIGALRM`, :const:`signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL` 将发送 :const:`SIGVTALRM`, 而 " +":const:`signal.ITIMER_PROF` 将发送 :const:`SIGPROF`." + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:496 +msgid "The old values are returned as a tuple: (delay, interval)." +msgstr "原有的值会以元组: (delay, interval) 的形式被返回。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:498 +msgid "" +"Attempting to pass an invalid interval timer will cause an " +":exc:`ItimerError`." +msgstr "尝试传入无效的计时器将导致 :exc:`ItimerError`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:506 +msgid "Returns current value of a given interval timer specified by *which*." +msgstr "返回由 *which* 指明的给定间隔计时器当前的值。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Set the wakeup file descriptor to *fd*. When a signal your program has " +"registered a signal handler for is received, the signal number is written as" +" a single byte into the fd. If you haven't registered a signal handler for " +"the signals you care about, then nothing will be written to the wakeup fd. " +"This can be used by a library to wakeup a poll or select call, allowing the " +"signal to be fully processed." +msgstr "" +"将唤醒文件描述符设为 *fd*。 当某个你的程序已注册了信号处理器的信号被接收时，该信号的编号会以单个字节的形式写入 fd。 " +"如果你没有为你关注的信号注册信号处理器，则不会有任何内容被写入唤醒文件描述符。 这可以被某个库用来唤醒一次 poll 或 select " +"调用，以允许该信号被完整地处理。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:520 +msgid "" +"The old wakeup fd is returned (or -1 if file descriptor wakeup was not " +"enabled). If *fd* is -1, file descriptor wakeup is disabled. If not -1, " +"*fd* must be non-blocking. It is up to the library to remove any bytes from" +" *fd* before calling poll or select again." +msgstr "" +"原有的唤醒 fd 会被返回（或者如果未启用文件描述符唤醒则返回 -1）。 如果 *fd* 为 -1，文件描述符唤醒会被禁用。 如果不为 -1，则 " +"*fd* 必须为非阻塞型。 需要由库来负责在重新调用 poll 或 select 之前从 *fd* 移除任何字节数据。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:525 ../../library/signal.rst:580 +msgid "" +"When threads are enabled, this function can only be called from :ref:`the " +"main thread of the main interpreter `; attempting to " +"call it from other threads will cause a :exc:`ValueError` exception to be " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"当启用线程用时，此函数只能从 :ref:`主解释器的主线程 ` 被调用；尝试从另一线程调用它将导致 " +":exc:`ValueError` 异常被引发。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:530 +msgid "" +"There are two common ways to use this function. In both approaches, you use " +"the fd to wake up when a signal arrives, but then they differ in how they " +"determine *which* signal or signals have arrived." +msgstr "" +"使用此函数有两种通常的方式。 在两种方式下，当有信号到达时你都是用 fd 来唤醒，但之后它们在确定达到的一个或多个信号 *which* 时存在差异。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:535 +msgid "" +"In the first approach, we read the data out of the fd's buffer, and the byte" +" values give you the signal numbers. This is simple, but in rare cases it " +"can run into a problem: generally the fd will have a limited amount of " +"buffer space, and if too many signals arrive too quickly, then the buffer " +"may become full, and some signals may be lost. If you use this approach, " +"then you should set ``warn_on_full_buffer=True``, which will at least cause " +"a warning to be printed to stderr when signals are lost." +msgstr "" +"在第一种方式下，我们从 fd 的缓冲区读取数据，这些字节值会给你信号编号。 这种方式很简单，但在少数情况下会发生问题：通常 fd " +"将有缓冲区空间大小限制，如果信号到达得太多且太快，缓冲区可能会爆满，有些信号可能丢失。 如果你使用此方式，则你应当设置 " +"``warn_on_full_buffer=True``，当信号丢失时这至少能将警告消息打印到 stderr。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:544 +msgid "" +"In the second approach, we use the wakeup fd *only* for wakeups, and ignore " +"the actual byte values. In this case, all we care about is whether the fd's " +"buffer is empty or non-empty; a full buffer doesn't indicate a problem at " +"all. If you use this approach, then you should set " +"``warn_on_full_buffer=False``, so that your users are not confused by " +"spurious warning messages." +msgstr "" +"在第二种方式下，我们 *只会* 将唤醒 fd 用于唤醒，而忽略实际的字节值。 在此情况下，我们所关心的只有 fd " +"的缓冲区为空还是不为空；爆满的缓冲区完全不会导致问题。 如果你使用此方式，则你应当设置 " +"``warn_on_full_buffer=False``，这样你的用户就不会被虚假的警告消息所迷惑。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:551 +msgid "On Windows, the function now also supports socket handles." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，此函数现在也支持套接字处理。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:554 +msgid "Added ``warn_on_full_buffer`` parameter." +msgstr "添加了 ``warn_on_full_buffer`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:559 +msgid "" +"Change system call restart behaviour: if *flag* is :const:`False`, system " +"calls will be restarted when interrupted by signal *signalnum*, otherwise " +"system calls will be interrupted. Returns nothing." +msgstr "" +"更改系统调用重启行为：如果 *flag* 为 :const:`False`，系统调用将在被信号 *signalnum* " +"中断时重启，否则系统调用将被中断。 返回空值。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:565 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`siginterrupt(3)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`siginterrupt(3)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:567 +msgid "" +"Note that installing a signal handler with :func:`signal` will reset the " +"restart behaviour to interruptible by implicitly calling " +":c:func:`!siginterrupt` with a true *flag* value for the given signal." +msgstr "" +"请注意使用 :func:`signal` 安装信号处理器将会通过隐式地调用 :c:func:`!siginterrupt` 并为给定信号的 *flag*" +" 设置真值来将重启行为重置为可中断的。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:574 +msgid "" +"Set the handler for signal *signalnum* to the function *handler*. *handler*" +" can be a callable Python object taking two arguments (see below), or one of" +" the special values :const:`signal.SIG_IGN` or :const:`signal.SIG_DFL`. The" +" previous signal handler will be returned (see the description of " +":func:`getsignal` above). (See the Unix man page :manpage:`signal(2)` for " +"further information.)" +msgstr "" +"将信号 *signalnum* 的处理程序设为函数 *handler*。 *handler* 可以为接受两个参数（见下）的 Python " +"可调用对象，或者为特殊值 :const:`signal.SIG_IGN` 或 :const:`signal.SIG_DFL` 之一。 " +"之前的信号处理程序将被返回（参见上文 :func:`getsignal` 的描述）。 （更多信息请参阅 Unix 手册页面 " +":manpage:`signal(2)`。）" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:585 +msgid "" +"The *handler* is called with two arguments: the signal number and the " +"current stack frame (``None`` or a frame object; for a description of frame " +"objects, see the :ref:`description in the type hierarchy ` or" +" see the attribute descriptions in the :mod:`inspect` module)." +msgstr "" +"*handler* 将附带两个参数调用：信号编号和当前堆栈帧 (``None`` 或一个帧对象；有关帧对象的描述请参阅 :ref:`类型层级结构描述 " +"` 或者参阅 :mod:`inspect` 模块中的属性描述)。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:590 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`signal` can only be called with :const:`SIGABRT`, " +":const:`SIGFPE`, :const:`SIGILL`, :const:`SIGINT`, :const:`SIGSEGV`, " +":const:`SIGTERM`, or :const:`SIGBREAK`. A :exc:`ValueError` will be raised " +"in any other case. Note that not all systems define the same set of signal " +"names; an :exc:`AttributeError` will be raised if a signal name is not " +"defined as ``SIG*`` module level constant." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`signal` 调用只能附带 :const:`SIGABRT`, :const:`SIGFPE`, " +":const:`SIGILL`, :const:`SIGINT`, :const:`SIGSEGV`, :const:`SIGTERM` 或 " +":const:`SIGBREAK`。 任何其他值都将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 " +"请注意不是所有系统都定义了同样的信号名称集合；如果一个信号名称未被定义为 ``SIG*`` 模块层级常量则将引发 " +":exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:601 +msgid "" +"Examine the set of signals that are pending for delivery to the calling " +"thread (i.e., the signals which have been raised while blocked). Return the" +" set of the pending signals." +msgstr "检查正在等待传送给调用方线程的信号集合（即在阻塞期间被引发的信号）。 返回正在等待的信号集合。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:607 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`sigpending(2)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`sigpending(2)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:609 +msgid "See also :func:`pause`, :func:`pthread_sigmask` and :func:`sigwait`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`pause`, :func:`pthread_sigmask` 和 :func:`sigwait`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:616 +msgid "" +"Suspend execution of the calling thread until the delivery of one of the " +"signals specified in the signal set *sigset*. The function accepts the " +"signal (removes it from the pending list of signals), and returns the signal" +" number." +msgstr "" +"挂起调用方线程的执行直到信号集合 *sigset* 中指定的信号之一被传送。 此函数会接受该信号（将其从等待信号列表中移除），并返回信号编号。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:622 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`sigwait(3)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`sigwait(3)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:624 +msgid "" +"See also :func:`pause`, :func:`pthread_sigmask`, :func:`sigpending`, " +":func:`sigwaitinfo` and :func:`sigtimedwait`." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :func:`pause`, :func:`pthread_sigmask`, :func:`sigpending`, " +":func:`sigwaitinfo` 和 :func:`sigtimedwait`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:632 +msgid "" +"Suspend execution of the calling thread until the delivery of one of the " +"signals specified in the signal set *sigset*. The function accepts the " +"signal and removes it from the pending list of signals. If one of the " +"signals in *sigset* is already pending for the calling thread, the function " +"will return immediately with information about that signal. The signal " +"handler is not called for the delivered signal. The function raises an " +":exc:`InterruptedError` if it is interrupted by a signal that is not in " +"*sigset*." +msgstr "" +"挂起调用方线程的执行直到信号集合 *sigset* 中指定的信号之一被传送。 此函数会接受该信号并将其从等待信号列表中移除。 如果 *sigset* " +"中的信号之一已经在等待调用方线程，此函数将立即返回并附带有关该信号的信息。 被传送信号的信号处理程序不会被调用。 如果该函数被某个不在 *sigset*" +" 中的信号中断则会引发 :exc:`InterruptedError`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:641 +msgid "" +"The return value is an object representing the data contained in the " +":c:type:`siginfo_t` structure, namely: :attr:`si_signo`, :attr:`si_code`, " +":attr:`si_errno`, :attr:`si_pid`, :attr:`si_uid`, :attr:`si_status`, " +":attr:`si_band`." +msgstr "" +"返回值是一个代表 :c:type:`siginfo_t` 结构体所包含数据的对象，具体为: :attr:`si_signo`, " +":attr:`si_code`, :attr:`si_errno`, :attr:`si_pid`, :attr:`si_uid`, " +":attr:`si_status`, :attr:`si_band`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:648 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`sigwaitinfo(2)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`sigwaitinfo(2)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:650 +msgid "See also :func:`pause`, :func:`sigwait` and :func:`sigtimedwait`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`pause`, :func:`sigwait` 和 :func:`sigtimedwait`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:654 +msgid "" +"The function is now retried if interrupted by a signal not in *sigset* and " +"the signal handler does not raise an exception (see :pep:`475` for the " +"rationale)." +msgstr "当被某个 不在 *sigset* 中的信号中断时本函数将进行重试并且信号处理程序不会引发异常（请参阅 :pep:`475` 了解其理由）。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`sigwaitinfo`, but takes an additional *timeout* argument " +"specifying a timeout. If *timeout* is specified as ``0``, a poll is " +"performed. Returns :const:`None` if a timeout occurs." +msgstr "" +"与 :func:`sigwaitinfo` 类似，但会接受一个额外的 *timeout* 参数来指定超时限制。 如果将 *timeout* 指定为 " +"``0``，则会执行轮询。 如果发生超时则返回 :const:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:668 +msgid "See the man page :manpage:`sigtimedwait(2)` for further information." +msgstr "请参阅手册页面 :manpage:`sigtimedwait(2)` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:670 +msgid "See also :func:`pause`, :func:`sigwait` and :func:`sigwaitinfo`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`pause`, :func:`sigwait` 和 :func:`sigwaitinfo`。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:674 +msgid "" +"The function is now retried with the recomputed *timeout* if interrupted by " +"a signal not in *sigset* and the signal handler does not raise an exception " +"(see :pep:`475` for the rationale)." +msgstr "" +"现在当此函数被某个不在 *sigset* 中的信号中断时将以计算出的 *timeout* 进行重试并且信号处理程序不会引发异常（请参阅 " +":pep:`475` 了解其理由）。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:683 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:685 +msgid "" +"Here is a minimal example program. It uses the :func:`alarm` function to " +"limit the time spent waiting to open a file; this is useful if the file is " +"for a serial device that may not be turned on, which would normally cause " +"the :func:`os.open` to hang indefinitely. The solution is to set a 5-second" +" alarm before opening the file; if the operation takes too long, the alarm " +"signal will be sent, and the handler raises an exception. ::" +msgstr "" +"这是一个最小示例程序。 它使用 :func:`alarm` " +"函数来限制等待打开一个文件所花费的时间；这在文件为无法开启的串行设备时会很有用处，此情况通常会导致 :func:`os.open` 无限期地挂起。 " +"解决办法是在打开文件之前设置 5 秒钟的 alarm；如果操作耗时过长，将会发送 alarm 信号，并且处理程序会引发一个异常。 ::" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:692 +msgid "" +"import signal, os\n" +"\n" +"def handler(signum, frame):\n" +" signame = signal.Signals(signum).name\n" +" print(f'Signal handler called with signal {signame} ({signum})')\n" +" raise OSError(\"Couldn't open device!\")\n" +"\n" +"# Set the signal handler and a 5-second alarm\n" +"signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handler)\n" +"signal.alarm(5)\n" +"\n" +"# This open() may hang indefinitely\n" +"fd = os.open('/dev/ttyS0', os.O_RDWR)\n" +"\n" +"signal.alarm(0) # Disable the alarm" +msgstr "" +"import signal, os\n" +"\n" +"def handler(signum, frame):\n" +" signame = signal.Signals(signum).name\n" +" print(f'Signal handler called with signal {signame} ({signum})')\n" +" raise OSError(\"Couldn't open device!\")\n" +"\n" +"# 设置信号处理器及 5 秒警报\n" +"signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handler)\n" +"signal.alarm(5)\n" +"\n" +"# open() 可能会无限挂起\n" +"fd = os.open('/dev/ttyS0', os.O_RDWR)\n" +"\n" +"signal.alarm(0) # 禁用警报" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:709 +msgid "Note on SIGPIPE" +msgstr "对于 SIGPIPE 的说明" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:711 +msgid "" +"Piping output of your program to tools like :manpage:`head(1)` will cause a " +":const:`SIGPIPE` signal to be sent to your process when the receiver of its " +"standard output closes early. This results in an exception like " +":code:`BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe`. To handle this case, wrap " +"your entry point to catch this exception as follows::" +msgstr "" +"将你的程序用管道输出到工具例如 :manpage:`head(1)` 将会导致 :const:`SIGPIPE` " +"信号在其标准输出的接收方提前关闭时被发送到你的进程。 这将引发一个异常例如 :code:`BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] " +"Broken pipe`。 要处理这种情况，请对你的入口点进行包装以捕获此异常，如下所示::" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:717 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" # simulate large output (your code replaces this loop)\n" +" for x in range(10000):\n" +" print(\"y\")\n" +" # flush output here to force SIGPIPE to be triggered\n" +" # while inside this try block.\n" +" sys.stdout.flush()\n" +" except BrokenPipeError:\n" +" # Python flushes standard streams on exit; redirect remaining output\n" +" # to devnull to avoid another BrokenPipeError at shutdown\n" +" devnull = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_WRONLY)\n" +" os.dup2(devnull, sys.stdout.fileno())\n" +" sys.exit(1) # Python exits with error code 1 on EPIPE\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"def main():\n" +" try:\n" +" # 模拟大量输出（你的代码将替换此循环）\n" +" for x in range(10000):\n" +" print(\"y\")\n" +" # 在此刷新输出以在此 try 代码块内部时\n" +" # 强制让 SIGPIPE 被触发。\n" +" sys.stdout.flush()\n" +" except BrokenPipeError:\n" +" # Python 在退出时刷新标准流；将剩余的输出\n" +" # 重定向到 devnull 以避免关闭时引发新的 BrokenPipeError\n" +" devnull = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_WRONLY)\n" +" os.dup2(devnull, sys.stdout.fileno())\n" +" sys.exit(1) # Python 退出时在 EPIPE 上输出错误码 1\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" main()" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:738 +msgid "" +"Do not set :const:`SIGPIPE`'s disposition to :const:`SIG_DFL` in order to " +"avoid :exc:`BrokenPipeError`. Doing that would cause your program to exit " +"unexpectedly whenever any socket connection is interrupted while your " +"program is still writing to it." +msgstr "" +"请不要将 :const:`SIGPIPE` 的处置方式设为 :const:`SIG_DFL` 以避免 :exc:`BrokenPipeError`。 " +"这样做还会在你的程序所写入的任何套接字连接中断时导致你的程序异常退出。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:747 +msgid "Note on Signal Handlers and Exceptions" +msgstr "有关信号处理器和异常的注释" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:749 +msgid "" +"If a signal handler raises an exception, the exception will be propagated to" +" the main thread and may be raised after any :term:`bytecode` instruction. " +"Most notably, a :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` may appear at any point during " +"execution. Most Python code, including the standard library, cannot be made " +"robust against this, and so a :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` (or any other " +"exception resulting from a signal handler) may on rare occasions put the " +"program in an unexpected state." +msgstr "" +"如果一个信号处理器引发了异常，该异常将被传播到主线程并可能在任何 :term:`bytecode` 指令之后被引发，在执行期间的任何时候都可能出现 " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。 大多数 Python 代码，包括标准库的代码都不能对此进行健壮性处理，因此 " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` (或由信号处理器所导致的任何其他异常) 可能会在极少数情况下使程序处于非预期的状态。" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:756 +msgid "To illustrate this issue, consider the following code::" +msgstr "为了展示这个问题，请考虑以下代码::" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:758 +msgid "" +"class SpamContext:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" # If KeyboardInterrupt occurs here, everything is fine\n" +" self.lock.acquire()\n" +" # If KeyboardInterrupt occurs here, __exit__ will not be called\n" +" ...\n" +" # KeyboardInterrupt could occur just before the function returns\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):\n" +" ...\n" +" self.lock.release()" +msgstr "" +"class SpamContext:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" # 如果 KeyboardInterrupt 在这里发生，将保持一切正常\n" +" self.lock.acquire()\n" +" # 如果 KeyboardInterrupt 在这里发生，__exit__ 将不会被调用\n" +" ...\n" +" # KeyboardInterrupt 可能会在该函数返回之前发生\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):\n" +" ...\n" +" self.lock.release()" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:773 +msgid "" +"For many programs, especially those that merely want to exit on " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`, this is not a problem, but applications that are " +"complex or require high reliability should avoid raising exceptions from " +"signal handlers. They should also avoid catching :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` as" +" a means of gracefully shutting down. Instead, they should install their " +"own :const:`SIGINT` handler. Below is an example of an HTTP server that " +"avoids :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`::" +msgstr "" +"对于许多程序，特别是那些在遇到 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` " +"只需直接退出的程序来说，这不是个问题，但是高复杂度或要求高可靠性的应用程序则应当避免由于信号处理器引发异常。 他们还应当避免将捕获 " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 作为程序关闭的优雅方式。 相反地，他们应当安装自己的 :const:`SIGINT` 处理器。 " +"下面是一个避免了 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 的 HTTP 服务器示例::" + +#: ../../library/signal.rst:781 +msgid "" +"import signal\n" +"import socket\n" +"from selectors import DefaultSelector, EVENT_READ\n" +"from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler\n" +"\n" +"interrupt_read, interrupt_write = socket.socketpair()\n" +"\n" +"def handler(signum, frame):\n" +" print('Signal handler called with signal', signum)\n" +" interrupt_write.send(b'\\0')\n" +"signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handler)\n" +"\n" +"def serve_forever(httpd):\n" +" sel = DefaultSelector()\n" +" sel.register(interrupt_read, EVENT_READ)\n" +" sel.register(httpd, EVENT_READ)\n" +"\n" +" while True:\n" +" for key, _ in sel.select():\n" +" if key.fileobj == interrupt_read:\n" +" interrupt_read.recv(1)\n" +" return\n" +" if key.fileobj == httpd:\n" +" httpd.handle_request()\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Serving on port 8000\")\n" +"httpd = HTTPServer(('', 8000), SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)\n" +"serve_forever(httpd)\n" +"print(\"Shutdown...\")" +msgstr "" +"import signal\n" +"import socket\n" +"from selectors import DefaultSelector, EVENT_READ\n" +"from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler\n" +"\n" +"interrupt_read, interrupt_write = socket.socketpair()\n" +"\n" +"def handler(signum, frame):\n" +" print('Signal handler called with signal', signum)\n" +" interrupt_write.send(b'\\0')\n" +"signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handler)\n" +"\n" +"def serve_forever(httpd):\n" +" sel = DefaultSelector()\n" +" sel.register(interrupt_read, EVENT_READ)\n" +" sel.register(httpd, EVENT_READ)\n" +"\n" +" while True:\n" +" for key, _ in sel.select():\n" +" if key.fileobj == interrupt_read:\n" +" interrupt_read.recv(1)\n" +" return\n" +" if key.fileobj == httpd:\n" +" httpd.handle_request()\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Serving on port 8000\")\n" +"httpd = HTTPServer(('', 8000), SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)\n" +"serve_forever(httpd)\n" +"print(\"Shutdown...\")" diff --git a/library/site.po b/library/site.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eac821cc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/site.po @@ -0,0 +1,508 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# helloworldSB , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-07 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!site` --- Site-specific configuration hook" +msgstr ":mod:`!site` --- 站点专属的配置钩子" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/site.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/site.py`" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:13 +msgid "" +"**This module is automatically imported during initialization.** The " +"automatic import can be suppressed using the interpreter's :option:`-S` " +"option." +msgstr "**这个模块将在初始化时被自动导入。** 此自动导入可以通过使用解释器的 :option:`-S` 选项来屏蔽。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Importing this module normally appends site-specific paths to the module " +"search path and adds :ref:`callables `, including :func:`help` " +"to the built-in namespace. However, Python startup option :option:`-S` " +"blocks this and this module can be safely imported with no automatic " +"modifications to the module search path or additions to the builtins. To " +"explicitly trigger the usual site-specific additions, call the :func:`main` " +"function." +msgstr "" +"正常导入此模块将会把站点专属的路径添加到模块搜索路径并将一些 :ref:`可调用对象 `，包括 :func:`help` " +"添加到内置命名空间。 不过，Python 启动选项 :option:`-S` " +"会阻止此行为且此模块可被安全地导入而不会自动修改模块搜索路径或添加内置对象。 要显式地触发通常的站点专属附加项，请调用 :func:`main` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:25 +msgid "" +"Importing the module used to trigger paths manipulation even when using " +":option:`-S`." +msgstr "在之前即便使用了 :option:`-S`，导入此模块仍然会触发路径操纵。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:32 +msgid "" +"It starts by constructing up to four directories from a head and a tail " +"part. For the head part, it uses ``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix``; " +"empty heads are skipped. For the tail part, it uses the empty string and " +"then :file:`lib/site-packages` (on Windows) or " +":file:`lib/python{X.Y[t]}/site-packages` (on Unix and macOS). (The optional " +"suffix \"t\" indicates the :term:`free threading` build, and is appended if " +"``\"t\"`` is present in the :data:`sys.abiflags` constant.) For each of the " +"distinct head-tail combinations, it sees if it refers to an existing " +"directory, and if so, adds it to ``sys.path`` and also inspects the newly " +"added path for configuration files." +msgstr "" +"它会以一个头部和尾部来构造至多四个目录作为起点。 对于头部，它将使用 ``sys.prefix`` 和 " +"``sys.exec_prefix``；空的头部会被跳过。 对于尾部，它将使用空字符串然后是 :file:`lib/site-packages` (在 " +"Windows 上) 或 :file:`lib/python{X.Y[t]}/site-packages` (在 Unix 和 macOS 上)。 " +"(可选后缀 \"t\" 表示 :term:`free threading` 构建版，并会在 ``\"t\"`` 存在于 " +":data:`sys.abiflags` 常量中时被添加。) 对于每个不同的头部-尾部组合，它会查看其是否指向现有的目录，如果确实如此，则将其添加到 " +"``sys.path`` 并且还会检查新添加目录中的配置文件。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:44 +msgid "Support for the \"site-python\" directory has been removed." +msgstr "对 \"site-python\" 目录的支持已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:47 +msgid "" +"On Unix, :term:`Free threading ` Python installations are " +"identified by the \"t\" suffix in the version-specific directory name, such " +"as :file:`lib/python3.13t/`." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，:term:`自由线程 ` Python 安装版是在版本专属的目录名称中以 \"t\" " +"后缀来标识的，例如 :file:`lib/python3.13t/`。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:52 +msgid "" +"If a file named \"pyvenv.cfg\" exists one directory above sys.executable, " +"sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to that directory and it is also " +"checked for site-packages (sys.base_prefix and sys.base_exec_prefix will " +"always be the \"real\" prefixes of the Python installation). If " +"\"pyvenv.cfg\" (a bootstrap configuration file) contains the key \"include-" +"system-site-packages\" set to anything other than \"true\" (case-" +"insensitive), the system-level prefixes will not be searched for site-" +"packages; otherwise they will." +msgstr "" +"如果名为 \"pyvenv.cfg\" 的文件存在于 sys.executable 之上的一个目录中，则 sys.prefix 和 " +"sys.exec_prefix 将被设置为该目录，并且还会检查 site-packages （ sys.base_prefix 和 " +"sys.base_exec_prefix 始终是 Python 安装的 \"真实\" 前缀）。 如果 \"pyvenv.cfg\" " +"（引导程序配置文件）包含设置为非 \"true\"（不区分大小写）的 \"include-system-site-packages\" " +"键，则不会在系统级前缀中搜索 site-packages；反之则会。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:65 +msgid "" +"A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form " +":file:`{name}.pth` and exists in one of the four directories mentioned " +"above; its contents are additional items (one per line) to be added to " +"``sys.path``. Non-existing items are never added to ``sys.path``, and no " +"check is made that the item refers to a directory rather than a file. No " +"item is added to ``sys.path`` more than once. Blank lines and lines " +"beginning with ``#`` are skipped. Lines starting with ``import`` (followed " +"by space or tab) are executed." +msgstr "" +"一个路径配置文件是具有 :file:`{name}.pth` 命名格式的文件，并且存在上面提到的四个目录之一中；它的内容是要添加到 " +"``sys.path`` 中的额外项目（每行一个）。不存在的项目不会添加到 " +"``sys.path``，并且不会检查项目指向的是目录还是文件。项目不会被添加到 ``sys.path`` 超过一次。空行和由 ``#`` " +"起始的行会被跳过。以 ``import`` 开始的行（跟着空格或 TAB）会被执行。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:75 +msgid "" +"An executable line in a :file:`.pth` file is run at every Python startup, " +"regardless of whether a particular module is actually going to be used. Its " +"impact should thus be kept to a minimum. The primary intended purpose of " +"executable lines is to make the corresponding module(s) importable (load " +"3rd-party import hooks, adjust :envvar:`PATH` etc). Any other initialization" +" is supposed to be done upon a module's actual import, if and when it " +"happens. Limiting a code chunk to a single line is a deliberate measure to " +"discourage putting anything more complex here." +msgstr "" +"每次启动 Python，在 :file:`.pth` 文件中的可执行行都将会被运行，而不管特定的模块实际上是否需要被使用。 " +"因此，其影响应降至最低。可执行行的主要预期目的是使相关模块可导入（加载第三方导入钩子，调整 :envvar:`PATH` " +"等）。如果它发生了，任何其他的初始化都应当在模块实际导入之前完成。将代码块限制为一行是一种有意采取的措施，不鼓励在此处放置更复杂的内容。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:86 +msgid "" +"The :file:`.pth` files are now decoded by UTF-8 at first and then by the " +":term:`locale encoding` if it fails." +msgstr "" +"现在 :file:`.pth` 文件会首先使用 UTF-8 来解码，如果失败会再改用 :term:`locale encoding` 来解码。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:94 +msgid "" +"For example, suppose ``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix`` are set to " +":file:`/usr/local`. The Python X.Y library is then installed in " +":file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}`. Suppose this has a subdirectory " +":file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` with three " +"subsubdirectories, :file:`foo`, :file:`bar` and :file:`spam`, and two path " +"configuration files, :file:`foo.pth` and :file:`bar.pth`. Assume " +":file:`foo.pth` contains the following::" +msgstr "" +"例如，假设 ``sys.prefix`` 和 ``sys.exec_prefix`` 已经被设置为 :file:`/usr/local`。 Python" +" X.Y 的库之后被安装为 :file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}`。假设有一个拥有三个孙目录 :file:`foo`, " +":file:`bar` 和 :file:`spam` 的子目录 :file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-" +"packages`，并且有两个路径配置文件 :file:`foo.pth` 和 :file:`bar.pth`。假定 :file:`foo.pth` " +"内容如下::" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:102 +msgid "" +"# foo package configuration\n" +"\n" +"foo\n" +"bar\n" +"bletch" +msgstr "" +"# foo 包配置\n" +"\n" +"foo\n" +"bar\n" +"bletch" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:108 +msgid "and :file:`bar.pth` contains::" +msgstr "并且 :file:`bar.pth` 包含::" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:110 +msgid "" +"# bar package configuration\n" +"\n" +"bar" +msgstr "" +"# bar 包配置\n" +"\n" +"bar" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Then the following version-specific directories are added to ``sys.path``, " +"in this order::" +msgstr "则下面特定版目录将以如下顺序被添加到 ``sys.path``。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:117 +msgid "" +"/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/bar\n" +"/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/foo" +msgstr "" +"/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/bar\n" +"/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/foo" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Note that :file:`bletch` is omitted because it doesn't exist; the " +":file:`bar` directory precedes the :file:`foo` directory because " +":file:`bar.pth` comes alphabetically before :file:`foo.pth`; and " +":file:`spam` is omitted because it is not mentioned in either path " +"configuration file." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :file:`bletch` 已被省略因为它并不存在；:file:`bar` 目前在 :file:`foo` 目录之前因为 " +":file:`bar.pth` 按字母顺序排在 :file:`foo.pth` 之前；而 :file:`spam` " +"已被省略因为它在两个路径配置文件中都未被提及。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:126 +msgid ":mod:`sitecustomize`" +msgstr ":mod:`sitecustomize`" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:130 +msgid "" +"After these path manipulations, an attempt is made to import a module named " +":mod:`sitecustomize`, which can perform arbitrary site-specific " +"customizations. It is typically created by a system administrator in the " +"site-packages directory. If this import fails with an :exc:`ImportError` or" +" its subclass exception, and the exception's :attr:`~ImportError.name` " +"attribute equals to ``'sitecustomize'``, it is silently ignored. If Python " +"is started without output streams available, as with :file:`pythonw.exe` on " +"Windows (which is used by default to start IDLE), attempted output from " +":mod:`sitecustomize` is ignored. Any other exception causes a silent and " +"perhaps mysterious failure of the process." +msgstr "" +"在这些路径操作之后，会尝试导入 一个名为 :mod:`sitecustomize` 的模块，它可以执行任意站点专属的定制。 它通常是由系统管理员在 " +"site-packages 目录下创建的。 如果此导入失败并引发 :exc:`ImportError` 或其子类的异常，并且异常的 " +":attr:`~ImportError.name` 属性等于 ``'sitecustomize'``，则它会被静默地忽略。 如果 Python " +"是在没有可用输出流的情况下启动的，例如在 Windows 上使用 :file:`pythonw.exe` (它被默认被用于 IDLE)，则来自 " +":mod:`sitecustomize` 的输出尝试会被忽略。 任何其他异常都会导致静默且可能令人困惑的进程失败。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:142 +msgid ":mod:`usercustomize`" +msgstr ":mod:`usercustomize`" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:146 +msgid "" +"After this, an attempt is made to import a module named " +":mod:`usercustomize`, which can perform arbitrary user-specific " +"customizations, if :data:`~site.ENABLE_USER_SITE` is true. This file is " +"intended to be created in the user site-packages directory (see below), " +"which is part of ``sys.path`` unless disabled by :option:`-s`. If this " +"import fails with an :exc:`ImportError` or its subclass exception, and the " +"exception's :attr:`~ImportError.name` attribute equals to " +"``'usercustomize'``, it is silently ignored." +msgstr "" +"在此之后，会尝试导入一个名为 :mod:`usercustomize` 的模块，如果 :data:`~site.ENABLE_USER_SITE` " +"为真值，则它可以执行任意的用户专属定制。 这个文件应在用户的 site-packages 目录中创建（见下文），除非被 :option:`-s` " +"所禁用，在其他情况下该目录都是 ``sys.path`` 的组成部分。 如果此导入失败并引发 :exc:`ImportError` " +"或其子类异常，并且异常的 :attr:`~ImportError.name` 属性等于 ``'usercustomize'``，它会被静默地忽略。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Note that for some non-Unix systems, ``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix`` " +"are empty, and the path manipulations are skipped; however the import of " +":mod:`sitecustomize` and :mod:`usercustomize` is still attempted." +msgstr "" +"请注意对于某些非 Unix 系统来说，``sys.prefix`` 和 ``sys.exec_prefix`` " +"均为空值，并且路径操作会被跳过；但是仍然会尝试导入 :mod:`sitecustomize` 和 :mod:`usercustomize`。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:163 +msgid "Readline configuration" +msgstr "Readline 配置" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:165 +msgid "" +"On systems that support :mod:`readline`, this module will also import and " +"configure the :mod:`rlcompleter` module, if Python is started in " +":ref:`interactive mode ` and without the :option:`-S` " +"option. The default behavior is enable tab-completion and to use " +":file:`~/.python_history` as the history save file. To disable it, delete " +"(or override) the :data:`sys.__interactivehook__` attribute in your " +":mod:`sitecustomize` or :mod:`usercustomize` module or your " +":envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file." +msgstr "" +"在支持 :mod:`readline` 的系统上，这个模块也将导入并配置 :mod:`rlcompleter` 模块，如果 Python 是以 " +":ref:`交互模式 ` 启动并且不带 :option:`-S` 选项的话。 默认的行为是启用 tab 键补全并使用" +" :file:`~/.python_history` 作为历史存档文件。 要禁用它，请删除（或重载）你的 :mod:`sitecustomize` 或 " +":mod:`usercustomize` 模块或 :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` 文件中的 " +":data:`sys.__interactivehook__` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:174 +msgid "Activation of rlcompleter and history was made automatic." +msgstr "rlcompleter 和 history 会被自动激活。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:179 +msgid "Module contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:183 +msgid "A list of prefixes for site-packages directories." +msgstr "site-packages 目录的前缀列表。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Flag showing the status of the user site-packages directory. ``True`` means" +" that it is enabled and was added to ``sys.path``. ``False`` means that it " +"was disabled by user request (with :option:`-s` or " +":envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE`). ``None`` means it was disabled for security " +"reasons (mismatch between user or group id and effective id) or by an " +"administrator." +msgstr "" +"显示用户 site-packages 目录状态的旗标。 ``True`` 意味着它被启用并被添加到 ``sys.path``。 ``False`` " +"意味着它按照用户请求被禁用 (通过 :option:`-s` 或 :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE`)。 ``None`` " +"意味着它因安全理由（user 或 group id 和 effective id 之间不匹配）或是被管理员所禁用。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Path to the user site-packages for the running Python. Can be ``None`` if " +":func:`getusersitepackages` hasn't been called yet. Default value is " +":file:`~/.local/lib/python{X.Y}[t]/site-packages` for UNIX and non-framework" +" macOS builds, :file:`~/Library/Python/{X.Y}/lib/python/site-packages` for " +"macOS framework builds, and " +":file:`{%APPDATA%}\\\\Python\\\\Python{XY}\\\\site-packages` on Windows. " +"The optional \"t\" indicates the free-threaded build. This directory is a " +"site directory, which means that :file:`.pth` files in it will be processed." +msgstr "" +"运行中的 Python 的用户级 site-packages 的路径。 它可以为 ``None``，如果 " +":func:`getusersitepackages` 尚未被调用的话。 默认值在 UNIX 和 macOS 非框架构建版上为 " +":file:`~/.local/lib/python{X.Y}[t]/site-packages`，在 macOS 框架构建版上为 " +":file:`~/Library/Python/{X.Y}/lib/python/site-packages`，而在 Windows 上为 " +":file:`{%APPDATA%}\\\\Python\\\\Python{XY}\\\\site-packages`。 可选的 \"t\" " +"表示自由线程构建版。 此目录属于 site 目录，这意味着其中的 :file:`.pth` 文件将会被处理。files in it will be " +"processed." + +#: ../../library/site.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Path to the base directory for the user site-packages. Can be ``None`` if " +":func:`getuserbase` hasn't been called yet. Default value is " +":file:`~/.local` for UNIX and macOS non-framework builds, " +":file:`~/Library/Python/{X.Y}` for macOS framework builds, and " +":file:`{%APPDATA%}\\\\Python` for Windows. This value is used to compute " +"the installation directories for scripts, data files, Python modules, etc. " +"for the :ref:`user installation scheme `. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHONUSERBASE`." +msgstr "" +"用户级 site-packages 目录的路径。 如果尚未调用 :func:`getuserbase` 则它可以为 ``None``。默认值在 Unix" +" 和 macOS 非框架编译版上为 :file:`~/.local`，在 macOS框架编译版上为 " +":file:`~/Library/Python/{X.Y}`，而在 Windows 上则为 :file:`{%APPDATA%}\\\\Python`。" +" 这个值会被用于计算针对 :ref:`用户安装方案 ` 的脚本、数据文件、Python 模块等的安装目录。" +" 另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONUSERBASE`。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Adds all the standard site-specific directories to the module search path. " +"This function is called automatically when this module is imported, unless " +"the Python interpreter was started with the :option:`-S` flag." +msgstr "" +"将所有的标准站点专属目录添加到模块搜索路径。 这个函数会在导入此模块时被自动调用，除非 Python 解释器启动时附带了 :option:`-S` " +"旗标。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:226 +msgid "This function used to be called unconditionally." +msgstr "这个函数使用无条件调用。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Add a directory to sys.path and process its :file:`.pth` files. Typically " +"used in :mod:`sitecustomize` or :mod:`usercustomize` (see above)." +msgstr "" +"将一个目录添加到 sys.path 并处理其 :file:`.pth` 文件。 通常被用于 :mod:`sitecustomize` 或 " +":mod:`usercustomize` (见下文)。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:238 +msgid "Return a list containing all global site-packages directories." +msgstr "返回包含所有全局 site-packages 目录的列表。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Return the path of the user base directory, :data:`USER_BASE`. If it is not" +" initialized yet, this function will also set it, respecting " +":envvar:`PYTHONUSERBASE`." +msgstr "" +"返回用户基准目录的路径 :data:`USER_BASE`。 如果它尚未被初始化，则此函数还将参照 :envvar:`PYTHONUSERBASE` " +"来设置它。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Return the path of the user-specific site-packages directory, " +":data:`USER_SITE`. If it is not initialized yet, this function will also " +"set it, respecting :data:`USER_BASE`. To determine if the user-specific " +"site-packages was added to ``sys.path`` :data:`ENABLE_USER_SITE` should be " +"used." +msgstr "" +"返回用户专属 site-packages 目录的路径 :data:`USER_SITE`。 如果它尚未被初始化，则此函数还将参照 " +":data:`USER_BASE` 来设置它。 要确定用户专属 site-packages 是否已被添加到 ``sys.path`` 则应当使用 " +":data:`ENABLE_USER_SITE`。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:266 +msgid "Command Line Interface" +msgstr "命令行界面" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:270 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`site` module also provides a way to get the user directories from " +"the command line:" +msgstr ":mod:`site` 模块还提供了一个从命令行获取用户目录的方式:" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:273 +msgid "" +"$ python -m site --user-site\n" +"/home/user/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m site --user-site\n" +"/home/user/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:278 +msgid "" +"If it is called without arguments, it will print the contents of " +":data:`sys.path` on the standard output, followed by the value of " +":data:`USER_BASE` and whether the directory exists, then the same thing for " +":data:`USER_SITE`, and finally the value of :data:`ENABLE_USER_SITE`." +msgstr "" +"如果它被不带参数地调用，它将在标准输出打印 :data:`sys.path` 的内容，再打印 :data:`USER_BASE` " +"的值以及该目录是否存在，然后打印 :data:`USER_SITE` 的相应信息，最后打印 :data:`ENABLE_USER_SITE` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:285 +msgid "Print the path to the user base directory." +msgstr "输出用户基本的路径。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:289 +msgid "Print the path to the user site-packages directory." +msgstr "输出用户site-packages目录的路径。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:291 +msgid "" +"If both options are given, user base and user site will be printed (always " +"in this order), separated by :data:`os.pathsep`." +msgstr "如果同时给出了两个选项，则将打印用户基准目录和用户站点信息（总是按此顺序），并以 :data:`os.pathsep` 分隔。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:294 +msgid "" +"If any option is given, the script will exit with one of these values: ``0``" +" if the user site-packages directory is enabled, ``1`` if it was disabled by" +" the user, ``2`` if it is disabled for security reasons or by an " +"administrator, and a value greater than 2 if there is an error." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了其中一个选项，脚本将退出并返回以下值中的一个：如果用户级 site-packages 目录被启用则为 ``0``，如果它被用户禁用则为 " +"``1``，如果它因安全理由或被管理员禁用则为 ``2``，如果发生错误则为大于 2 的值。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:301 +msgid ":pep:`370` -- Per user site-packages directory" +msgstr ":pep:`370` -- 分用户的 site-packages 目录" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:302 +msgid ":ref:`sys-path-init` -- The initialization of :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr ":ref:`sys-path-init` -- :data:`sys.path` 的初始化。" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:16 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:16 +msgid "search" +msgstr "搜索" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:16 ../../library/site.rst:90 +msgid "path" +msgstr "path" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:29 +msgid "site-packages" +msgstr "site-packages" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:29 +msgid "directory" +msgstr "directory" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:61 +msgid "# (hash)" +msgstr "# (hash)" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:61 +msgid "comment" +msgstr "注释" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:61 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:61 +msgid "import" +msgstr "import" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:90 +msgid "package" +msgstr "包" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:90 +msgid "configuration" +msgstr "配置" + +#: ../../library/site.rst:90 +msgid "file" +msgstr "文件" diff --git a/library/smtpd.po b/library/smtpd.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe4c00312 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/smtpd.po @@ -0,0 +1,508 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-11-04 14:28+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`smtpd` --- SMTP Server" +msgstr ":mod:`smtpd` --- SMTP 服务器" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/smtpd.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/smtpd.py`" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:15 +msgid "This module offers several classes to implement SMTP (email) servers." +msgstr "该模块提供了几个类来实现 SMTP （电子邮件）服务器。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:17 +msgid "" +":mod:`smtpd` will be removed in Python 3.12 (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#smtpd>` " +"for details). The `aiosmtpd `_ package is " +"a recommended replacement for this module. It is based on :mod:`asyncio` " +"and provides a more straightforward API." +msgstr "" +":mod:`smtpd` 将在 Python 3.12 中移除（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#smtpd>` 了解详情）。 " +"`aiosmtpd `_ 包是这个模块的推荐替代品。 它基于 " +":mod:`asyncio` 并提供了更简洁直观的 API。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Several server implementations are present; one is a generic do-nothing " +"implementation, which can be overridden, while the other two offer specific " +"mail-sending strategies." +msgstr "有几个服务器的实现；一个是通用的无为实现，可以被重写，而另外两个则提供特定的邮件发送策略。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Additionally the SMTPChannel may be extended to implement very specific " +"interaction behaviour with SMTP clients." +msgstr "此外， SMTPChannel 可以被扩展以实现与 SMTP 客户端非常具体的交互行为。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:31 +msgid "" +"The code supports :RFC:`5321`, plus the :rfc:`1870` SIZE and :rfc:`6531` " +"SMTPUTF8 extensions." +msgstr "该代码支持 :RFC:`5321` ，加上 :rfc:`1870` SIZE和 :rfc:`6531` SMTPUTF8 扩展。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:36 +msgid "SMTPServer Objects" +msgstr "SMTPServer 对象" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`SMTPServer` object, which binds to local address " +"*localaddr*. It will treat *remoteaddr* as an upstream SMTP relayer. Both " +"*localaddr* and *remoteaddr* should be a :ref:`(host, port) ` " +"tuple. The object inherits from :class:`asyncore.dispatcher`, and so will " +"insert itself into :mod:`asyncore`'s event loop on instantiation." +msgstr "" +"新建一个 :class:`SMTPServer` 对象，它会绑定到本机地址 *localaddr*。 它将把 *remoteaddr* 当作上游 " +"SMTP 中继器。 *localaddr* 和 *remoteaddr* 都应当是 :ref:`(host, port) ` " +"元组。 该对象继承自 :class:`asyncore.dispatcher`，因而会在实例化时将自己插入到 :mod:`asyncore` " +"的事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:48 ../../library/smtpd.rst:176 +msgid "" +"*data_size_limit* specifies the maximum number of bytes that will be " +"accepted in a ``DATA`` command. A value of ``None`` or ``0`` means no " +"limit." +msgstr "" +"*data_size_limit* 指定将在 ``DATA`` 命令中被接受的最大字节数。 值为 ``None`` 或 ``0`` 表示无限制。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:52 +msgid "" +"*map* is the socket map to use for connections (an initially empty " +"dictionary is a suitable value). If not specified the :mod:`asyncore` " +"global socket map is used." +msgstr "*map* 是用于连接的套接字映射（初始为空的字典是适当的值）。 如果未指定则会使用 :mod:`asyncore` 全局套接字映射。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:56 +msgid "" +"*enable_SMTPUTF8* determines whether the ``SMTPUTF8`` extension (as defined " +"in :RFC:`6531`) should be enabled. The default is ``False``. When ``True``," +" ``SMTPUTF8`` is accepted as a parameter to the ``MAIL`` command and when " +"present is passed to :meth:`process_message` in the " +"``kwargs['mail_options']`` list. *decode_data* and *enable_SMTPUTF8* cannot" +" be set to ``True`` at the same time." +msgstr "" +"*enable_SMTPUTF8* 决定是否应当启用 ``SMTPUTF8`` 扩展（如 :RFC:`6531` 所定义的。 默认值为 " +"``False``。 当设为 ``True`` 时，会接受 ``SMTPUTF8`` 作为 ``MAIL`` 命令的形参并在被提供时将其传给 " +"``kwargs['mail_options']`` 列表中的 :meth:`process_message`。 *decode_data* 和 " +"*enable_SMTPUTF8* 不可同时被设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:63 +msgid "" +"*decode_data* specifies whether the data portion of the SMTP transaction " +"should be decoded using UTF-8. When *decode_data* is ``False`` (the " +"default), the server advertises the ``8BITMIME`` extension (:rfc:`6152`), " +"accepts the ``BODY=8BITMIME`` parameter to the ``MAIL`` command, and when " +"present passes it to :meth:`process_message` in the " +"``kwargs['mail_options']`` list. *decode_data* and *enable_SMTPUTF8* cannot " +"be set to ``True`` at the same time." +msgstr "" +"*decode_data* 指明 SMTP 事务的数据部分是否应当使用 UTF-8 来解码。 当 *decode_data* 为 ``False`` " +"时（默认值），服务器会声明 ``8BITMIME`` 扩展 (:rfc:`6152`)，接受来自 ``MAIL`` 命令的 " +"``BODY=8BITMIME`` 形参，并在该形参存在时将其传给 ``kwargs['mail_options']`` 列表中的 " +":meth:`process_message` 方法。 *decode_data* 和 *enable_SMTPUTF8* 不可同时被设为 " +"``True``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Raise a :exc:`NotImplementedError` exception. Override this in subclasses to" +" do something useful with this message. Whatever was passed in the " +"constructor as *remoteaddr* will be available as the :attr:`_remoteaddr` " +"attribute. *peer* is the remote host's address, *mailfrom* is the envelope " +"originator, *rcpttos* are the envelope recipients and *data* is a string " +"containing the contents of the e-mail (which should be in :rfc:`5321` " +"format)." +msgstr "" +"引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError` 异常。 请在子类中重载此方法以实际运用此消息。 在构造器中作为 *remoteaddr* " +"传入的任何东西都可以 :attr:`_remoteaddr` 属性的形式来访问。 *peer* 是远程主机的地址，*mailfrom* " +"是封包的发送方，*rcpttos* 是封包的接收方而 *data* 是包含电子邮件内容的字符串（应该为 :rfc:`5321` 格式）。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:81 +msgid "" +"If the *decode_data* constructor keyword is set to ``True``, the *data* " +"argument will be a unicode string. If it is set to ``False``, it will be a " +"bytes object." +msgstr "" +"如果构造器关键字参数 *decode_data* 被设为 ``True``，则 *data* 参数将为 Unicode 字符串。 如果被设为 " +"``False``，则将为字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:85 +msgid "" +"*kwargs* is a dictionary containing additional information. It is empty if " +"``decode_data=True`` was given as an init argument, otherwise it contains " +"the following keys:" +msgstr "" +"*kwargs* 是包含附加信息的字典。 如果给出 ``decode_data=True`` 作为初始参数则该字典为空，否则它会包含以下的键:" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:92 +msgid "*mail_options*:" +msgstr "*mail_options*:" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:90 +msgid "" +"a list of all received parameters to the ``MAIL`` command (the elements are " +"uppercase strings; example: ``['BODY=8BITMIME', 'SMTPUTF8']``)." +msgstr "" +"由 ``MAIL`` 命令所接收的所有参数组成的列表 (其元素为大写形式的字符串；例如: ``['BODY=8BITMIME', " +"'SMTPUTF8']``)。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:97 +msgid "*rcpt_options*:" +msgstr "*rcpt_options*:" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:95 +msgid "" +"same as *mail_options* but for the ``RCPT`` command. Currently no ``RCPT " +"TO`` options are supported, so for now this will always be an empty list." +msgstr "" +"与 *mail_options* 类似但是针对 ``RCPT`` 命令。 目前不支持任何 ``RCPT TO`` 选项，因此其值将总是为空列表。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Implementations of ``process_message`` should use the ``**kwargs`` signature" +" to accept arbitrary keyword arguments, since future feature enhancements " +"may add keys to the kwargs dictionary." +msgstr "" +"``process_message`` 的实现应当使用 ``**kwargs`` 签名来接收任意关键字参数，因为未来的增强特性可能会向 kwargs " +"字典添加新键。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Return ``None`` to request a normal ``250 Ok`` response; otherwise return " +"the desired response string in :RFC:`5321` format." +msgstr "返回 ``None`` 以请求一个正常的 ``250 Ok`` 响应；在其他情况下则以 :RFC:`5321` 格式返回所需的响应字符串。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Override this in subclasses to use a custom :class:`SMTPChannel` for " +"managing SMTP clients." +msgstr "重载这个子类以使用自定义的 :class:`SMTPChannel` 来管理 SMTP 客户端。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:111 +msgid "The *map* constructor argument." +msgstr "*map* 构造器参数。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:114 +msgid "*localaddr* and *remoteaddr* may now contain IPv6 addresses." +msgstr "*localaddr* 和 *remoteaddr* 现在可以包含 IPv6 地址。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The *decode_data* and *enable_SMTPUTF8* constructor parameters, and the " +"*kwargs* parameter to :meth:`process_message` when *decode_data* is " +"``False``." +msgstr "" +"*decode_data* 和 *enable_SMTPUTF8* 构造器形参，以及当 *decode_data* 为 ``False`` 时传给 " +":meth:`process_message` 的 *kwargs* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:122 ../../library/smtpd.rst:198 +msgid "*decode_data* is now ``False`` by default." +msgstr "*decode_data* 现在默认为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:127 +msgid "DebuggingServer Objects" +msgstr "DebuggingServer 对象" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Create a new debugging server. Arguments are as per :class:`SMTPServer`. " +"Messages will be discarded, and printed on stdout." +msgstr "创建一个新的调试服务器。 参数是针对每个 :class:`SMTPServer`。 消息将被丢弃，并在 stdout 上打印出来。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:137 +msgid "PureProxy Objects" +msgstr "PureProxy 对象" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Create a new pure proxy server. Arguments are as per :class:`SMTPServer`. " +"Everything will be relayed to *remoteaddr*. Note that running this has a " +"good chance to make you into an open relay, so please be careful." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的纯代理服务器。 参数是针对每个 :class:`SMTPServer`。 一切都将被转发到 *remoteaddr*。 " +"请注意运行此对象有很大的机会令你成为一个开放的中继站，所以需要小心。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:148 +msgid "MailmanProxy Objects" +msgstr "MailmanProxy 对象" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:155 +msgid "" +":class:`MailmanProxy` is deprecated, it depends on a ``Mailman`` module " +"which no longer exists and therefore is already broken." +msgstr ":class:`MailmanProxy` 已被弃用，它依赖于一个已不存在的 ``Mailman`` 模块因而本来就不再可用了。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Create a new pure proxy server. Arguments are as per :class:`SMTPServer`. " +"Everything will be relayed to *remoteaddr*, unless local mailman " +"configurations knows about an address, in which case it will be handled via " +"mailman. Note that running this has a good chance to make you into an open " +"relay, so please be careful." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的纯代理服务器。 参数是针对每个 :class:`SMTPServer`。 一切都将被转发到 *remoteaddr*，除非本地 " +"mailman 配置知道另一个地址，在那种情况下它将由 mailman 来处理。 请注意运行此对象有很大的机会令你成为一个开放的中继站，所以需要小心。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:166 +msgid "SMTPChannel Objects" +msgstr "SMTPChannel 对象" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`SMTPChannel` object which manages the communication " +"between the server and a single SMTP client." +msgstr "创建一个新的 :class:`SMTPChannel` 对象，该对象会管理服务器和单个 SMTP 客户端之间的通信。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:174 +msgid "*conn* and *addr* are as per the instance variables described below." +msgstr "*conn* 和 *addr* 是针对下述的每个实例变量。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:180 +msgid "" +"*enable_SMTPUTF8* determines whether the ``SMTPUTF8`` extension (as defined " +"in :RFC:`6531`) should be enabled. The default is ``False``. *decode_data* " +"and *enable_SMTPUTF8* cannot be set to ``True`` at the same time." +msgstr "" +"*enable_SMTPUTF8* 确定 ``SMTPUTF8`` 扩展 (如 :RFC:`6531` 所定义的) 是否应当被启用。 默认值为 " +"``False``。 *decode_data* 和 *enable_SMTPUTF8* 不能被同时设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:185 +msgid "" +"A dictionary can be specified in *map* to avoid using a global socket map." +msgstr "可以在 *map* 中指定一个字典以避免使用全局套接字映射。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:187 +msgid "" +"*decode_data* specifies whether the data portion of the SMTP transaction " +"should be decoded using UTF-8. The default is ``False``. *decode_data* and " +"*enable_SMTPUTF8* cannot be set to ``True`` at the same time." +msgstr "" +"*decode_data* 指明 SMTP 事务的数据部分是否应当使用 UTF-8 来解码。 默认值为 ``False``。 *decode_data*" +" 和 *enable_SMTPUTF8* 不能被同时设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:192 +msgid "" +"To use a custom SMTPChannel implementation you need to override the " +":attr:`SMTPServer.channel_class` of your :class:`SMTPServer`." +msgstr "" +"要使用自定义的 SMTPChannel 实现你必须重载你的 :class:`SMTPServer` 的 " +":attr:`SMTPServer.channel_class`。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:195 +msgid "The *decode_data* and *enable_SMTPUTF8* parameters were added." +msgstr "添加了 *decode_data* 和 *enable_SMTPUTF8* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:201 +msgid "The :class:`SMTPChannel` has the following instance variables:" +msgstr ":class:`SMTPChannel` 具有下列实例变量:" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:205 +msgid "Holds the :class:`SMTPServer` that spawned this channel." +msgstr "存放生成此通道的 :class:`SMTPServer`。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:209 +msgid "Holds the socket object connecting to the client." +msgstr "存放连接到客户端的套接字对象。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Holds the address of the client, the second value returned by " +":func:`socket.accept `" +msgstr "存放客户端的地址，:func:`socket.accept ` 所返回的第二个值。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:218 +msgid "" +"Holds a list of the line strings (decoded using UTF-8) received from the " +"client. The lines have their ``\"\\r\\n\"`` line ending translated to " +"``\"\\n\"``." +msgstr "存放从客户端接收的行字符串列表 (使用 UTF-8 解码)。 所有行的 ``\"\\r\\n\"`` 行结束符都会被转写为 ``\"\\n\"``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Holds the current state of the channel. This will be either :attr:`COMMAND` " +"initially and then :attr:`DATA` after the client sends a \"DATA\" line." +msgstr "存放通道的当前状态。 其初始值将为 :attr:`COMMAND` 而在客户端发送 \"DATA\" 行后将为 :attr:`DATA`。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:230 +msgid "Holds a string containing the greeting sent by the client in its \"HELO\"." +msgstr "存放包含客户端在其 \"HELO\" 中发送的问候信息的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Holds a string containing the address identified in the \"MAIL FROM:\" line " +"from the client." +msgstr "存放包含客户端在 \"MAIL FROM:\" 行中标识的地址的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:239 +msgid "" +"Holds a list of strings containing the addresses identified in the \"RCPT " +"TO:\" lines from the client." +msgstr "存放包含客户端在 \"RCPT TO:\" 行中标识的地址的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Holds a string containing all of the data sent by the client during the DATA" +" state, up to but not including the terminating ``\"\\r\\n.\\r\\n\"``." +msgstr "存放客户端在 DATA 状态期间发送的所有数据的字符串，直至但不包括末尾的 ``\"\\r\\n.\\r\\n\"``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Holds the fully qualified domain name of the server as returned by " +":func:`socket.getfqdn`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Holds the name of the client peer as returned by ``conn.getpeername()`` " +"where ``conn`` is :attr:`conn`." +msgstr "存放由 ``conn.getpeername()`` 所返回的客户端对等方名称，其中 ``conn`` 为 :attr:`conn`。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The :class:`SMTPChannel` operates by invoking methods named " +"``smtp_`` upon reception of a command line from the client. Built " +"into the base :class:`SMTPChannel` class are methods for handling the " +"following commands (and responding to them appropriately):" +msgstr "" +":class:`SMTPChannel` 在接收到来自客户端的命令行时会通过发起调用名为 ``smtp_`` 的方法来进行操作。 " +"在基类 :class:`SMTPChannel` 中具有用于处理下列命令（并对他们作出适当反应）的方法:" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:263 +msgid "Command" +msgstr "命令" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:263 +msgid "Action taken" +msgstr "所采取的行动" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:265 +msgid "HELO" +msgstr "HELO" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:265 +msgid "" +"Accepts the greeting from the client and stores it in :attr:`seen_greeting`." +" Sets server to base command mode." +msgstr "接受来自客户端的问候语，并将其存储在 :attr:`seen_greeting` 中。将服务器设置为基本命令模式。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:267 +msgid "EHLO" +msgstr "EHLO" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Accepts the greeting from the client and stores it in :attr:`seen_greeting`." +" Sets server to extended command mode." +msgstr "接受来自客户的问候并将其存储在 :attr:`seen_greeting` 中。将服务器设置为扩展命令模式。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:269 +msgid "NOOP" +msgstr "NOOP" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:269 +msgid "Takes no action." +msgstr "不采取任何行动。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:270 +msgid "QUIT" +msgstr "QUIT" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:270 +msgid "Closes the connection cleanly." +msgstr "干净地关闭连接。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:271 +msgid "MAIL" +msgstr "MAIL" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:271 +msgid "" +"Accepts the \"MAIL FROM:\" syntax and stores the supplied address as " +":attr:`mailfrom`. In extended command mode, accepts the :rfc:`1870` SIZE " +"attribute and responds appropriately based on the value of " +"*data_size_limit*." +msgstr "" +"接受 \"MAIL FROM:\" 句法并将所提供的地址保存为 :attr:`mailfrom`。 在扩展命令模式下，还接受 :rfc:`1870` " +"SIZE 属性并根据 *data_size_limit* 的值作出适当返应。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:275 +msgid "RCPT" +msgstr "RCPT" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Accepts the \"RCPT TO:\" syntax and stores the supplied addresses in the " +":attr:`rcpttos` list." +msgstr "接受 \"RCPT TO:\" 句法并将所提供的地址保存在 :attr:`rcpttos` 列表中。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:277 +msgid "RSET" +msgstr "RSET" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Resets the :attr:`mailfrom`, :attr:`rcpttos`, and :attr:`received_data`, but" +" not the greeting." +msgstr "" +"重置 :attr:`mailfrom`, :attr:`rcpttos`, 和 :attr:`received_data` ，但不重置问候语。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:279 +msgid "DATA" +msgstr "DATA" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Sets the internal state to :attr:`DATA` and stores remaining lines from the " +"client in :attr:`received_data` until the terminator ``\"\\r\\n.\\r\\n\"`` " +"is received." +msgstr "" +"将内部状态设为 :attr:`DATA` 并将来自客户端的剩余行保存在 :attr:`received_data` 中直至接收到终止符 " +"``\"\\r\\n.\\r\\n\"``。" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:282 +msgid "HELP" +msgstr "HELP" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:282 +msgid "Returns minimal information on command syntax" +msgstr "返回有关命令语法的最少信息" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:283 +msgid "VRFY" +msgstr "VRFY" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:283 +msgid "Returns code 252 (the server doesn't know if the address is valid)" +msgstr "返回代码252（服务器不知道该地址是否有效）" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:284 +msgid "EXPN" +msgstr "EXPN" + +#: ../../library/smtpd.rst:284 +msgid "Reports that the command is not implemented." +msgstr "报告该命令未实现。" diff --git a/library/smtplib.po b/library/smtplib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..440fdb280 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/smtplib.po @@ -0,0 +1,956 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Arisaka97 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!smtplib` --- SMTP protocol client" +msgstr ":mod:`!smtplib` --- SMTP 协议客户端" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/smtplib.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/smtplib.py`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`smtplib` module defines an SMTP client session object that can be " +"used to send mail to any internet machine with an SMTP or ESMTP listener " +"daemon. For details of SMTP and ESMTP operation, consult :rfc:`821` (Simple" +" Mail Transfer Protocol) and :rfc:`1869` (SMTP Service Extensions)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`smtplib` 模块定义了一个 SMTP 客户端会话对象，该对象可将邮件发送到互联网上任何带有 SMTP 或 ESMTP " +"监听程序的计算机。 关于 SMTP 和 ESMTP 操作的更多细节请参阅 :rfc:`821` (简单邮件传输协议) 和 :rfc:`1869` " +"(SMTP 服务扩展)。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:26 +msgid "" +"An :class:`SMTP` instance encapsulates an SMTP connection. It has methods " +"that support a full repertoire of SMTP and ESMTP operations. If the optional" +" *host* and *port* parameters are given, the SMTP :meth:`connect` method is " +"called with those parameters during initialization. If specified, " +"*local_hostname* is used as the FQDN of the local host in the HELO/EHLO " +"command. Otherwise, the local hostname is found using " +":func:`socket.getfqdn`. If the :meth:`connect` call returns anything other " +"than a success code, an :exc:`SMTPConnectError` is raised. The optional " +"*timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations " +"like the connection attempt (if not specified, the global default timeout " +"setting will be used). If the timeout expires, :exc:`TimeoutError` is " +"raised. The optional *source_address* parameter allows binding to some " +"specific source address in a machine with multiple network interfaces, " +"and/or to some specific source TCP port. It takes a 2-tuple ``(host, " +"port)``, for the socket to bind to as its source address before connecting. " +"If omitted (or if *host* or *port* are ``''`` and/or ``0`` respectively) the" +" OS default behavior will be used." +msgstr "" +":class:`SMTP` 实例是对 SMTP 连接的封装。 它提供了支持全部 SMTP 和 ESMTP 操作的方法。 如果给出了可选的 *host* " +"和 *port* 形参，则会在初始化期间调用 SMTP :meth:`connect` 方法并附带这些形参。 如果指定了 " +"*local_hostname*，它将在 HELO/EHLO 命令中被用作本地主机的 FQDN。 在其他情况下，会使用 " +":func:`socket.getfqdn` 来找到本地主机名。 如果 :meth:`connect` 调用返回了表示成功代码以外的任何信息，则会引发 " +":exc:`SMTPConnectError`。 可选的 *timeout* " +"形参指定了阻塞操作如连接尝试的超时秒数（如果未指定，则将使用全局默认超时设置）。 如果达到超时限制，将会引发 :exc:`TimeoutError`。 " +"可选的 *source_address* 形参允许在有多张网卡的计算机中绑定到某些特定的源地址，和/或绑定到某个特定的源 TCP 端口。 它接受一个 2" +" 元组 ``(host, port)`` 作为在连接之前要绑定为其源地址的套接字。 如果省略 (或者如果 *host* 或 *port* 分别为 " +"``''`` 和/或 ``0``) 则将使用 OS 的默认行为。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:44 +msgid "" +"For normal use, you should only require the initialization/connect, " +":meth:`sendmail`, and :meth:`SMTP.quit` methods. An example is included " +"below." +msgstr "" +"正常使用时，只需要初始化或 connect 方法，:meth:`sendmail` 方法，再加上 :meth:`SMTP.quit` " +"方法即可。下文包括了一个示例。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The :class:`SMTP` class supports the :keyword:`with` statement. When used " +"like this, the SMTP ``QUIT`` command is issued automatically when the " +":keyword:`!with` statement exits. E.g.::" +msgstr "" +":class:`SMTP` 类支持 :keyword:`with` 语句。当这样使用时，:keyword:`!with` 语句一退出就会自动发出 " +"SMTP ``QUIT`` 命令。例如::" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:52 +msgid "" +">>> from smtplib import SMTP\n" +">>> with SMTP(\"domain.org\") as smtp:\n" +"... smtp.noop()\n" +"...\n" +"(250, b'Ok')\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> from smtplib import SMTP\n" +">>> with SMTP(\"domain.org\") as smtp:\n" +"... smtp.noop()\n" +"...\n" +"(250, b'Ok')\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:59 ../../library/smtplib.rst:61 +msgid "" +"All commands will raise an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``smtplib.SMTP.send`` with arguments ``self`` and ``data``, where ``data`` " +"is the bytes about to be sent to the remote host." +msgstr "" +"所有命令都会引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``smtplib.SMTP.send``，附带参数 ``self`` 和 " +"``data``，其中 ``data`` 是即将发送到远程主机的字节串。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:65 +msgid "Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added." +msgstr "添加了对 :keyword:`with` 语句的支持。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:68 +msgid "*source_address* argument was added." +msgstr "添加了 *source_address* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:71 +msgid "The SMTPUTF8 extension (:rfc:`6531`) is now supported." +msgstr "现在已支持 SMTPUTF8 扩展 (:rfc:`6531`)。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:74 +msgid "" +"If the *timeout* parameter is set to be zero, it will raise a " +":class:`ValueError` to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket." +msgstr "如果 *timeout* 参数设置为 0，创建非阻塞套接字时，它将引发 :class:`ValueError` 来阻止该操作。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:81 +msgid "" +"An :class:`SMTP_SSL` instance behaves exactly the same as instances of " +":class:`SMTP`. :class:`SMTP_SSL` should be used for situations where SSL is " +"required from the beginning of the connection and using :meth:`starttls` is " +"not appropriate. If *host* is not specified, the local host is used. If " +"*port* is zero, the standard SMTP-over-SSL port (465) is used. The optional" +" arguments *local_hostname*, *timeout* and *source_address* have the same " +"meaning as they do in the :class:`SMTP` class. *context*, also optional, " +"can contain a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` and allows configuring various " +"aspects of the secure connection. Please read :ref:`ssl-security` for best " +"practices." +msgstr "" +":class:`SMTP_SSL` 实例与 :class:`SMTP` 实例的行为完全相同。在开始连接就需要 SSL，且 " +":meth:`starttls` 不适合的情况下，应该使用 :class:`SMTP_SSL`。如果未指定 *host*，则使用 " +"localhost。如果 *port* 为 0，则使用标准 SMTP-over-SSL 端口（465）。可选参数 " +"*local_hostname*、*timeout* 和 *source_address* 的含义与 :class:`SMTP` 类中的相同。可选参数 " +"*context* 是一个 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 对象，可以从多个方面配置安全连接。请阅读 :ref:`ssl-" +"security` 以获取最佳实践。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:92 ../../library/smtplib.rst:415 +msgid "*context* was added." +msgstr "增加了 *context*。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:95 +msgid "The *source_address* argument was added." +msgstr "添加了 *source_address* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:98 +msgid "" +"The class now supports hostname check with " +":attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`)." +msgstr "" +"该类现在支持使用 :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` 和 *服务器名称提示* (参见 " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`) 进行主机名检测。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:103 +msgid "" +"If the *timeout* parameter is set to be zero, it will raise a " +":class:`ValueError` to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket" +msgstr "如果 *timeout* 形参被设为零，则它将引发 :class:`ValueError` 来阻止创建非阻塞的套接字" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:107 ../../library/smtplib.rst:403 +msgid "The deprecated *keyfile* and *certfile* parameters have been removed." +msgstr "已弃用的 *keyfile* 和 *certfile* 形参已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:113 +msgid "" +"The LMTP protocol, which is very similar to ESMTP, is heavily based on the " +"standard SMTP client. It's common to use Unix sockets for LMTP, so our " +":meth:`connect` method must support that as well as a regular host:port " +"server. The optional arguments *local_hostname* and *source_address* have " +"the same meaning as they do in the :class:`SMTP` class. To specify a Unix " +"socket, you must use an absolute path for *host*, starting with a '/'." +msgstr "" +"LMTP 协议与 ESMTP 非常相似，它很大程度上基于标准 SMTP 客户端。 将 Unix 套接字用于 LMTP 是很常见的，因此 " +":meth:`connect` 方法必须支持它以及常规的 host:port 服务器。 可选参数 *local_hostname* 和 " +"*source_address* 的含义与 :class:`SMTP` 类中的相同。 要指定 Unix 套接字，你必须使用绝对路径作为 " +"*host*，即以 '/' 开头。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Authentication is supported, using the regular SMTP mechanism. When using a " +"Unix socket, LMTP generally don't support or require any authentication, but" +" your mileage might vary." +msgstr "支持使用常规的 SMTP 机制来进行认证。 当使用 Unix 套接字时，LMTP 通常不支持或要求任何认证，但你的情况可能会有所不同。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:124 +msgid "The optional *timeout* parameter was added." +msgstr "添加了可选的 *timeout* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:128 +msgid "A nice selection of exceptions is defined as well:" +msgstr "同样地定义了一组精心选择的异常:" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`OSError` that is the base exception class for all the " +"other exceptions provided by this module." +msgstr ":exc:`OSError` 的子类，它是本模块提供的所有其他异常的基类。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:136 +msgid "SMTPException became subclass of :exc:`OSError`" +msgstr "SMTPException 已成为 :exc:`OSError` 的子类" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:142 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised when the server unexpectedly disconnects, or when " +"an attempt is made to use the :class:`SMTP` instance before connecting it to" +" a server." +msgstr "当服务器意外断开连接，或在 :class:`SMTP` 实例连接到服务器之前尝试使用它时将引发此异常。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Base class for all exceptions that include an SMTP error code. These " +"exceptions are generated in some instances when the SMTP server returns an " +"error code. The error code is stored in the :attr:`smtp_code` attribute of " +"the error, and the :attr:`smtp_error` attribute is set to the error message." +msgstr "" +"包括 SMTP 错误代码的所有异常的基类。 这些异常会在 SMTP 服务器返回错误代码时在实例中生成。 错误代码存放在错误的 " +":attr:`smtp_code` 属性中，并且 :attr:`smtp_error` 属性会被设为错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Sender address refused. In addition to the attributes set by on all " +":exc:`SMTPResponseException` exceptions, this sets 'sender' to the string " +"that the SMTP server refused." +msgstr "" +"发送方地址被拒绝。 除了在所有 :exc:`SMTPResponseException` 异常上设置的属性，还会将 'sender' 设为代表拒绝方 " +"SMTP 服务器的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:164 +msgid "" +"All recipient addresses refused. The errors for each recipient are " +"accessible through the attribute :attr:`recipients`, which is a dictionary " +"of exactly the same sort as :meth:`SMTP.sendmail` returns." +msgstr "" +"所有接收方地址被拒绝。 每个接收方的错误可通过属性 :attr:`recipients` 来访问，该属性是一个字典，其元素顺序与 " +":meth:`SMTP.sendmail` 所返回的一致。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:171 +msgid "The SMTP server refused to accept the message data." +msgstr "SMTP 服务器拒绝接收消息数据。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:176 +msgid "Error occurred during establishment of a connection with the server." +msgstr "在建立与服务器的连接期间发生了错误。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:181 +msgid "The server refused our ``HELO`` message." +msgstr "服务器拒绝了我们的 ``HELO`` 消息。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:186 +msgid "The command or option attempted is not supported by the server." +msgstr "尝试的命令或选项不被服务器所支持。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:193 +msgid "" +"SMTP authentication went wrong. Most probably the server didn't accept the " +"username/password combination provided." +msgstr "SMTP 认证出现问题。 最大的可能是服务器不接受所提供的用户名/密码组合。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:199 +msgid ":rfc:`821` - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol" +msgstr ":rfc:`821` - 简单邮件传输协议" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Protocol definition for SMTP. This document covers the model, operating " +"procedure, and protocol details for SMTP." +msgstr "SMTP 的协议定义。 该文件涵盖了 SMTP 的模型、操作程序和协议细节。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:203 +msgid ":rfc:`1869` - SMTP Service Extensions" +msgstr ":rfc:`1869` - SMTP 服务扩展" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Definition of the ESMTP extensions for SMTP. This describes a framework for" +" extending SMTP with new commands, supporting dynamic discovery of the " +"commands provided by the server, and defines a few additional commands." +msgstr "" +"定义了 SMTP 的 ESMTP 扩展。 这描述了一个用新命令扩展 SMTP 的框架，支持动态发现服务器所提供的命令，并定义了一些额外的命令。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:212 +msgid "SMTP Objects" +msgstr "SMTP 对象" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:214 +msgid "An :class:`SMTP` instance has the following methods:" +msgstr "一个 :class:`SMTP` 实例拥有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Set the debug output level. A value of 1 or ``True`` for *level* results in" +" debug messages for connection and for all messages sent to and received " +"from the server. A value of 2 for *level* results in these messages being " +"timestamped." +msgstr "" +"设置调试输出级别。 如果 *level* 的值为 1 或 ``True`` ，就会产生连接的调试信息，以及所有发送和接收服务器的信息。 如果 " +"*level* 的值为 2 ，则这些信息会被加上时间戳。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:224 +msgid "Added debuglevel 2." +msgstr "添调试级别 2 。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Send a command *cmd* to the server. The optional argument *args* is simply " +"concatenated to the command, separated by a space." +msgstr "向服务器发送一条命令 *cmd* 。 可选的参数 *args* 被简单地串联到命令中，用一个空格隔开。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:232 +msgid "" +"This returns a 2-tuple composed of a numeric response code and the actual " +"response line (multiline responses are joined into one long line.)" +msgstr "这将返回一个由数字响应代码和实际响应行组成的2元组（多行响应被连接成一个长行）。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:235 +msgid "" +"In normal operation it should not be necessary to call this method " +"explicitly. It is used to implement other methods and may be useful for " +"testing private extensions." +msgstr "在正常操作中，应该没有必要明确地调用这个方法。它被用来实现其他方法，对于测试私有扩展可能很有用。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:239 +msgid "" +"If the connection to the server is lost while waiting for the reply, " +":exc:`SMTPServerDisconnected` will be raised." +msgstr "如果在等待回复的过程中，与服务器的连接丢失， :exc:`SMTPServerDisconnected` 将被触发。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Connect to a host on a given port. The defaults are to connect to the local" +" host at the standard SMTP port (25). If the hostname ends with a colon " +"(``':'``) followed by a number, that suffix will be stripped off and the " +"number interpreted as the port number to use. This method is automatically " +"invoked by the constructor if a host is specified during instantiation. " +"Returns a 2-tuple of the response code and message sent by the server in its" +" connection response." +msgstr "" +"连接到某个主机的某个端口。默认是连接到 localhost 的标准 SMTP 端口（25）上。如果主机名以冒号 (``':'``) " +"结尾，后跟数字，则该后缀将被删除，且数字将视作要使用的端口号。如果在实例化时指定了 host，则构造函数会自动调用本方法。返回包含响应码和响应消息的 2" +" 元组，它们由服务器在其连接响应中发送。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``smtplib.connect`` with " +"arguments ``self``, ``host``, ``port``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``smtplib.connect`` 并附带参数 ``self``, ``host``, " +"``port``。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:258 +msgid "" +"Identify yourself to the SMTP server using ``HELO``. The hostname argument " +"defaults to the fully qualified domain name of the local host. The message " +"returned by the server is stored as the :attr:`helo_resp` attribute of the " +"object." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``HELO`` 向 SMTP 服务器表明自己的身份。 hostname 参数默认为本地主机的完全合格域名。服务器返回的消息被存储为对象的 " +":attr:`helo_resp` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:263 +msgid "" +"In normal operation it should not be necessary to call this method " +"explicitly. It will be implicitly called by the :meth:`sendmail` when " +"necessary." +msgstr "在正常操作中，应该没有必要明确调用这个方法。它将在必要时被 :meth:`sendmail` 隐式调用。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Identify yourself to an ESMTP server using ``EHLO``. The hostname argument " +"defaults to the fully qualified domain name of the local host. Examine the " +"response for ESMTP option and store them for use by :meth:`has_extn`. Also " +"sets several informational attributes: the message returned by the server is" +" stored as the :attr:`ehlo_resp` attribute, :attr:`does_esmtp` is set to " +"``True`` or ``False`` depending on whether the server supports ESMTP, and " +":attr:`esmtp_features` will be a dictionary containing the names of the SMTP" +" service extensions this server supports, and their parameters (if any)." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``EHLO`` 向 ESMTP 服务器表明自己的身份。 hostname 参数默认为本地主机的完全合格域名。 检查 ESMTP " +"选项的响应，并存储它们供 :meth:`has_extn` 使用。同时设置几个信息属性：服务器返回的消息被存储为 :attr:`ehlo_resp` " +"属性， :attr:`does_esmtp` 根据服务器是否支持 ESMTP 被设置为 ``True`` 或 ``False`` ，而 " +":attr:`esmtp_features` 将是一个字典，包含这个服务器支持的 SMTP 服务扩展的名称，以及它们的参数（如果有）。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Unless you wish to use :meth:`has_extn` before sending mail, it should not " +"be necessary to call this method explicitly. It will be implicitly called " +"by :meth:`sendmail` when necessary." +msgstr "" +"除非你想在发送邮件前使用 :meth:`has_extn` ，否则应该没有必要明确调用这个方法。 它将在必要时被 :meth:`sendmail` " +"隐式调用。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:285 +msgid "" +"This method calls :meth:`ehlo` and/or :meth:`helo` if there has been no " +"previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session. It tries ESMTP ``EHLO``" +" first." +msgstr "" +"如果这个会话中没有先前的 ``EHLO`` 或 ``HELO`` 命令，该方法会调用 :meth:`ehlo` 和/或 :meth:`helo` " +"。它首先尝试 ESMTP ``EHLO`` 。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:289 ../../library/smtplib.rst:318 +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:406 ../../library/smtplib.rst:475 +msgid ":exc:`SMTPHeloError`" +msgstr ":exc:`SMTPHeloError`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:290 ../../library/smtplib.rst:319 +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:407 ../../library/smtplib.rst:476 +msgid "The server didn't reply properly to the ``HELO`` greeting." +msgstr "服务器没有正确回复 ``HELO`` 问候。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:294 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if *name* is in the set of SMTP service extensions " +"returned by the server, :const:`False` otherwise. Case is ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果 *name* 在服务器返回的 SMTP 服务扩展集合中，返回 :const:`True` ，否则为 :const:`False` 。大小写被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Check the validity of an address on this server using SMTP ``VRFY``. Returns" +" a tuple consisting of code 250 and a full :rfc:`822` address (including " +"human name) if the user address is valid. Otherwise returns an SMTP error " +"code of 400 or greater and an error string." +msgstr "" +"使用 SMTP ``VRFY`` 检查此服务器上的某个地址是否有效。 如果用户地址有效则返回一个由代码 250 和完整 :rfc:`822` " +"地址（包括人名）组成的元组。 否则返回 400 或更大的 SMTP 错误代码以及一个错误字符串。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:307 +msgid "Many sites disable SMTP ``VRFY`` in order to foil spammers." +msgstr "许多网站都禁用 SMTP ``VRFY`` 以阻止垃圾邮件。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Log in on an SMTP server that requires authentication. The arguments are the" +" username and the password to authenticate with. If there has been no " +"previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session, this method tries ESMTP " +"``EHLO`` first. This method will return normally if the authentication was " +"successful, or may raise the following exceptions:" +msgstr "" +"登录到一个需要认证的 SMTP 服务器。 参数是用于认证的用户名和密码。 如果会话在之前没有执行过 ``EHLO`` 或 ``HELO`` " +"命令，此方法会先尝试 ESMTP ``EHLO``。 如果认证成功则此方法将正常返回，否则可能引发以下异常:" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:321 +msgid ":exc:`SMTPAuthenticationError`" +msgstr ":exc:`SMTPAuthenticationError`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:322 +msgid "The server didn't accept the username/password combination." +msgstr "服务器不接受所提供的用户名/密码组合。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:324 ../../library/smtplib.rst:409 +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:485 +msgid ":exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:325 +msgid "The ``AUTH`` command is not supported by the server." +msgstr "服务器不支持 ``AUTH`` 命令。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:327 +msgid ":exc:`SMTPException`" +msgstr ":exc:`SMTPException`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:328 +msgid "No suitable authentication method was found." +msgstr "未找到适当的认证方法。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:330 +msgid "" +"Each of the authentication methods supported by :mod:`smtplib` are tried in " +"turn if they are advertised as supported by the server. See :meth:`auth` " +"for a list of supported authentication methods. *initial_response_ok* is " +"passed through to :meth:`auth`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`smtplib` 所支持的每种认证方法只要被服务器声明支持就会被依次尝试。 请参阅 :meth:`auth` 获取受支持的认证方法列表。 " +"*initial_response_ok* 会被传递给 :meth:`auth`。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Optional keyword argument *initial_response_ok* specifies whether, for " +"authentication methods that support it, an \"initial response\" as specified" +" in :rfc:`4954` can be sent along with the ``AUTH`` command, rather than " +"requiring a challenge/response." +msgstr "" +"可选的关键字参数 *initial_response_ok* 对于支持它的认证方法，是否可以与 ``AUTH`` 命令一起发送 :rfc:`4954` " +"中所规定的“初始响应”，而不是要求回复/响应。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:340 +msgid "" +":exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` may be raised, and the *initial_response_ok* " +"parameter was added." +msgstr "可能会引发 :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`，并添加 *initial_response_ok* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Issue an ``SMTP`` ``AUTH`` command for the specified authentication " +"*mechanism*, and handle the challenge response via *authobject*." +msgstr "为指定的认证机制 *mechanism* 发送 ``SMTP`` ``AUTH`` 命令，并通过 *authobject* 处理回复响应。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:350 +msgid "" +"*mechanism* specifies which authentication mechanism is to be used as " +"argument to the ``AUTH`` command; the valid values are those listed in the " +"``auth`` element of :attr:`esmtp_features`." +msgstr "" +"*mechanism* 指定要使用何种认证机制作为 ``AUTH`` 命令的参数；可用的值是在 :attr:`esmtp_features` 的 " +"``auth`` 元素中列出的内容。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:354 +msgid "" +"*authobject* must be a callable object taking an optional single argument::" +msgstr "*authobject* 必须为接受一个可选的单独参数的可调用对象::" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:356 +msgid "data = authobject(challenge=None)" +msgstr "data = authobject(challenge=None)" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:358 +msgid "" +"If optional keyword argument *initial_response_ok* is true, ``authobject()``" +" will be called first with no argument. It can return the :rfc:`4954` " +"\"initial response\" ASCII ``str`` which will be encoded and sent with the " +"``AUTH`` command as below. If the ``authobject()`` does not support an " +"initial response (e.g. because it requires a challenge), it should return " +"``None`` when called with ``challenge=None``. If *initial_response_ok* is " +"false, then ``authobject()`` will not be called first with ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果可选的关键字参数 *initial_response_ok* 为真值，则将先不带参数地调用 ``authobject()``。 它可以返回 " +":rfc:`4954` \"初始响应\" ASCII ``str``，其内容将被编码并使用下述的 ``AUTH`` 命令来发送。 如果 " +"``authobject()`` 不支持初始响应（例如由于要求一个回复），它应当将 ``None`` 作为附带 ``challenge=None`` " +"调用的返回值。 如果 *initial_response_ok* 为假值，则 ``authobject()`` 将不会附带 ``None`` " +"被首先调用。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:366 +msgid "" +"If the initial response check returns ``None``, or if *initial_response_ok* " +"is false, ``authobject()`` will be called to process the server's challenge " +"response; the *challenge* argument it is passed will be a ``bytes``. It " +"should return ASCII ``str`` *data* that will be base64 encoded and sent to " +"the server." +msgstr "" +"如果初始响应检测返回了 ``None``，或者如果 *initial_response_ok* 为假值，则将调用 ``authobject()`` " +"来处理服务器的回复响应；它所传递的 *challenge* 参数将为一个 ``bytes``。 它应当返回用 base64 进行编码的 ASCII " +"``str`` *data* 并发送给服务器。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:372 +msgid "" +"The ``SMTP`` class provides ``authobjects`` for the ``CRAM-MD5``, ``PLAIN``," +" and ``LOGIN`` mechanisms; they are named ``SMTP.auth_cram_md5``, " +"``SMTP.auth_plain``, and ``SMTP.auth_login`` respectively. They all require" +" that the ``user`` and ``password`` properties of the ``SMTP`` instance are " +"set to appropriate values." +msgstr "" +"``SMTP`` 类提供的 ``authobjects`` 针对 ``CRAM-MD5``, ``PLAIN`` 和 ``LOGIN`` " +"等机制；它们的名称分别是 ``SMTP.auth_cram_md5``, ``SMTP.auth_plain`` 和 " +"``SMTP.auth_login``。 它们都要求将 ``user`` 和 ``password`` 这两个 ``SMTP`` 实例属性设为适当的值。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:378 +msgid "" +"User code does not normally need to call ``auth`` directly, but can instead " +"call the :meth:`login` method, which will try each of the above mechanisms " +"in turn, in the order listed. ``auth`` is exposed to facilitate the " +"implementation of authentication methods not (or not yet) supported directly" +" by :mod:`smtplib`." +msgstr "" +"用户代码通常不需要直接调用 ``auth``，而是调用 :meth:`login` 方法，它将按上述顺序依次尝试上述每一种机制。 ``auth`` " +"被公开以便辅助实现 :mod:`smtplib` 没有（或尚未）直接支持的认证方法。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:389 +msgid "" +"Put the SMTP connection in TLS (Transport Layer Security) mode. All SMTP " +"commands that follow will be encrypted. You should then call :meth:`ehlo` " +"again." +msgstr "" +"将 SMTP 连接设为 TLS (传输层安全) 模式。 后续的所有 SMTP 命令都将被加密。 你应当随即再次调用 :meth:`ehlo`。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:393 +msgid "" +"If *keyfile* and *certfile* are provided, they are used to create an " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`." +msgstr "如果提供了 *keyfile* 和 *certfile*，它们会被用来创建 :class:`ssl.SSLContext`。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Optional *context* parameter is an :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object; This is " +"an alternative to using a keyfile and a certfile and if specified both " +"*keyfile* and *certfile* should be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *context* 形参是一个 :class:`ssl.SSLContext` 对象；它是使用密钥文件和证书的替代方式，如果指定了该形参则 " +"*keyfile* 和 *certfile* 都应为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:400 +msgid "" +"If there has been no previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session, " +"this method tries ESMTP ``EHLO`` first." +msgstr "如果这个会话中没有先前的 ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` 命令，该方法会首先尝试 ESMTP ``EHLO``。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:410 +msgid "The server does not support the STARTTLS extension." +msgstr "服务器不支持 STARTTLS 扩展。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:412 +msgid ":exc:`RuntimeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`RuntimeError`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:413 +msgid "SSL/TLS support is not available to your Python interpreter." +msgstr "SSL/TLS 支持在你的 Python 解释器上不可用。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:418 +msgid "" +"The method now supports hostname check with " +":attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indicator* (see " +":const:`~ssl.HAS_SNI`)." +msgstr "" +"此方法现在支持使用 :attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` 和 *服务器名称指示符* (参见 " +":const:`~ssl.HAS_SNI`) 进行主机名检测。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:423 +msgid "" +"The error raised for lack of STARTTLS support is now the " +":exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` subclass instead of the base " +":exc:`SMTPException`." +msgstr "" +"因缺少 STARTTLS 支持而引发的错误现在是 :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` 子类而不是 " +":exc:`SMTPException` 基类。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:431 +msgid "" +"Send mail. The required arguments are an :rfc:`822` from-address string, a " +"list of :rfc:`822` to-address strings (a bare string will be treated as a " +"list with 1 address), and a message string. The caller may pass a list of " +"ESMTP options (such as ``8bitmime``) to be used in ``MAIL FROM`` commands as" +" *mail_options*. ESMTP options (such as ``DSN`` commands) that should be " +"used with all ``RCPT`` commands can be passed as *rcpt_options*. (If you " +"need to use different ESMTP options to different recipients you have to use " +"the low-level methods such as :meth:`mail`, :meth:`rcpt` and :meth:`data` to" +" send the message.)" +msgstr "" +"发送邮件。必要参数是一个 :rfc:`822` 发件地址字符串，一个 :rfc:`822` 收件地址字符串列表（裸字符串将被视为含有 1 " +"个地址的列表），以及一个消息字符串。调用者可以将 ESMTP 选项列表（如 ``8bitmime``）作为 *mail_options* 传入，用于 " +"``MAIL FROM`` 命令。需要与所有 ``RCPT`` 命令一起使用的 ESMTP 选项（如 ``DSN`` 命令）可以作为 " +"*rcpt_options* 传入。（如果需要对不同的收件人使用不同的 ESMTP 选项，则必须使用底层的方法来发送消息，如 :meth:`mail`," +" :meth:`rcpt` 和 :meth:`data`。）" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:442 +msgid "" +"The *from_addr* and *to_addrs* parameters are used to construct the message " +"envelope used by the transport agents. ``sendmail`` does not modify the " +"message headers in any way." +msgstr "" +"*from_addr* 和 *to_addrs* 形参被用来构造传输代理所使用的消息封包。 ``sendmail`` 不会以任何方式修改消息标头。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:446 +msgid "" +"*msg* may be a string containing characters in the ASCII range, or a byte " +"string. A string is encoded to bytes using the ascii codec, and lone " +"``\\r`` and ``\\n`` characters are converted to ``\\r\\n`` characters. A " +"byte string is not modified." +msgstr "" +"*msg* 可以是一个包含 ASCII 范围内字符的字符串，或是一个字节串。 字符串会使用 ascii 编解码器编码为字节串，并且单独的 ``\\r``" +" 和 ``\\n`` 字符会被转换为 ``\\r\\n`` 字符序列。 字节串则不会被修改。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:451 +msgid "" +"If there has been no previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session, " +"this method tries ESMTP ``EHLO`` first. If the server does ESMTP, message " +"size and each of the specified options will be passed to it (if the option " +"is in the feature set the server advertises). If ``EHLO`` fails, ``HELO`` " +"will be tried and ESMTP options suppressed." +msgstr "" +"如果在此之前本会话没有执行过 ``EHLO`` 或 ``HELO`` 命令，此方法会先尝试 ESMTP ``EHLO``。 如果服务器执行了 " +"ESMTP，消息大小和每个指定的选项将被传递给它（如果指定的选项属于服务器声明的特性集）。 如果 ``EHLO`` 失败，则将尝试 ``HELO`` " +"并屏蔽 ESMTP 选项。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:457 +msgid "" +"This method will return normally if the mail is accepted for at least one " +"recipient. Otherwise it will raise an exception. That is, if this method " +"does not raise an exception, then someone should get your mail. If this " +"method does not raise an exception, it returns a dictionary, with one entry " +"for each recipient that was refused. Each entry contains a tuple of the " +"SMTP error code and the accompanying error message sent by the server." +msgstr "" +"如果邮件被至少一个接收方接受则此方法将正常返回。 在其他情况下它将引发异常。 也就是说，如果此方法没有引发异常，则应当会有人收到你的邮件。 " +"如果此方法没有引发异常，它将返回一个字典，其中的条目对应每个拒绝的接收方。 每个条目均包含由服务器发送的 SMTP 错误代码和相应错误消息所组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:464 +msgid "" +"If ``SMTPUTF8`` is included in *mail_options*, and the server supports it, " +"*from_addr* and *to_addrs* may contain non-ASCII characters." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``SMTPUTF8`` 包括在 *mail_options* 中，并且被服务器所支持，则 *from_addr* 和 *to_addrs* " +"可能包含非 ASCII 字符。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:467 +msgid "This method may raise the following exceptions:" +msgstr "此方法可能引发以下异常:" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:469 +msgid ":exc:`SMTPRecipientsRefused`" +msgstr ":exc:`SMTPRecipientsRefused`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:470 +msgid "" +"All recipients were refused. Nobody got the mail. The :attr:`recipients` " +"attribute of the exception object is a dictionary with information about the" +" refused recipients (like the one returned when at least one recipient was " +"accepted)." +msgstr "" +"所有收件人都被拒绝。 无人收到邮件。 该异常的 :attr:`recipients` " +"属性是一个字典，其中有被拒绝收件人的信息（类似于至少有一个收件人接受邮件时所返回的信息）。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:478 +msgid ":exc:`SMTPSenderRefused`" +msgstr ":exc:`SMTPSenderRefused`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:479 +msgid "The server didn't accept the *from_addr*." +msgstr "服务器不接受 *from_addr*。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:481 +msgid ":exc:`SMTPDataError`" +msgstr ":exc:`SMTPDataError`" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:482 +msgid "" +"The server replied with an unexpected error code (other than a refusal of a " +"recipient)." +msgstr "服务器回复了一个意外的错误代码（而不是拒绝收件人）。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:486 +msgid "" +"``SMTPUTF8`` was given in the *mail_options* but is not supported by the " +"server." +msgstr "在 *mail_options* 中给出了 ``SMTPUTF8`` 但是不被服务器所支持。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:489 +msgid "" +"Unless otherwise noted, the connection will be open even after an exception " +"is raised." +msgstr "除非另有说明，即使在引发异常之后连接仍将被打开。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:492 +msgid "*msg* may be a byte string." +msgstr "*msg* 可以为字节串。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:495 +msgid "" +"``SMTPUTF8`` support added, and :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` may be raised " +"if ``SMTPUTF8`` is specified but the server does not support it." +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``SMTPUTF8`` 支持，并且如果指定了 ``SMTPUTF8`` 但是不被服务器所支持则可能会引发 " +":exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:503 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience method for calling :meth:`sendmail` with the message " +"represented by an :class:`email.message.Message` object. The arguments have" +" the same meaning as for :meth:`sendmail`, except that *msg* is a " +"``Message`` object." +msgstr "" +"本方法是一种快捷方法，用于带着消息调用 :meth:`sendmail`，消息由 :class:`email.message.Message` " +"对象表示。参数的含义与 :meth:`sendmail` 中的相同，除了 *msg*，它是一个 ``Message`` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:508 +msgid "" +"If *from_addr* is ``None`` or *to_addrs* is ``None``, ``send_message`` fills" +" those arguments with addresses extracted from the headers of *msg* as " +"specified in :rfc:`5322`\\: *from_addr* is set to the :mailheader:`Sender` " +"field if it is present, and otherwise to the :mailheader:`From` field. " +"*to_addrs* combines the values (if any) of the :mailheader:`To`, " +":mailheader:`Cc`, and :mailheader:`Bcc` fields from *msg*. If exactly one " +"set of :mailheader:`Resent-*` headers appear in the message, the regular " +"headers are ignored and the :mailheader:`Resent-*` headers are used instead." +" If the message contains more than one set of :mailheader:`Resent-*` " +"headers, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised, since there is no way to " +"unambiguously detect the most recent set of :mailheader:`Resent-` headers." +msgstr "" +"如果 *from_addr* 为 ``None`` 或 *to_addrs* 为 ``None`` ，那么 ``send_message`` 将根据 " +":rfc:`5322`，从 *msg* 头部提取地址填充下列参数：如果头部存在 :mailheader:`Sender` 字段，则用它填充 " +"*from_addr*，不存在则用 :mailheader:`From` 字段填充 *from_addr*。*to_addrs* 组合了 *msg* " +"中的 :mailheader:`To`, :mailheader:`Cc` 和 :mailheader:`Bcc` " +"字段的值（字段存在的情况下）。如果一组 :mailheader:`Resent-*` 头部恰好出现在 message 中，那么就忽略常规的头部，改用 " +":mailheader:`Resent-*` 头部。如果 message 包含多组 :mailheader:`Resent-*` 头部，则引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`，因为无法明确检测出哪一组 :mailheader:`Resent-` 头部是最新的。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:520 +msgid "" +"``send_message`` serializes *msg* using " +":class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` with ``\\r\\n`` as the *linesep*, " +"and calls :meth:`sendmail` to transmit the resulting message. Regardless of" +" the values of *from_addr* and *to_addrs*, ``send_message`` does not " +"transmit any :mailheader:`Bcc` or :mailheader:`Resent-Bcc` headers that may " +"appear in *msg*. If any of the addresses in *from_addr* and *to_addrs* " +"contain non-ASCII characters and the server does not advertise ``SMTPUTF8`` " +"support, an :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError` is raised. Otherwise the " +"``Message`` is serialized with a clone of its :mod:`~email.policy` with the " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` attribute set to ``True``, and " +"``SMTPUTF8`` and ``BODY=8BITMIME`` are added to *mail_options*." +msgstr "" +"``send_message`` 使用 :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` 来序列化 *msg* 并以 " +"``\\r\\n`` 作为 *linesep*，然后调用 :meth:`sendmail` 来传输结果消息。 无论 *from_addr* 和 " +"*to_addrs* 的值是什么，``send_message`` 都不会传输 *msg* 中可能出现的 :mailheader:`Bcc` 或 " +":mailheader:`Resent-Bcc` 标头。 如果 *from_addr* 和 *to_addrs* 中的任何地址包含非 ASCII " +"字符并且服务器没有声明 ``SMTPUTF8`` 支持，则会引发 :exc:`SMTPNotSupportedError`。 在其他情况下 " +"``Message`` 将克隆其 :mod:`~email.policy` 来执行序列化并将 " +":attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` 属性设为 ``True``，且会把 ``SMTPUTF8`` 和 " +"``BODY=8BITMIME`` 添加到 *mail_options* 中。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:534 +msgid "Support for internationalized addresses (``SMTPUTF8``)." +msgstr "支持国际化地址 (``SMTPUTF8``)。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Terminate the SMTP session and close the connection. Return the result of " +"the SMTP ``QUIT`` command." +msgstr "终结 SMTP 会话并关闭连接。 返回 SMTP ``QUIT`` 命令的结果。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Low-level methods corresponding to the standard SMTP/ESMTP commands " +"``HELP``, ``RSET``, ``NOOP``, ``MAIL``, ``RCPT``, and ``DATA`` are also " +"supported. Normally these do not need to be called directly, so they are not" +" documented here. For details, consult the module code." +msgstr "" +"与标准 SMTP/ESMTP 命令 ``HELP``, ``RSET``, ``NOOP``, ``MAIL``, ``RCPT`` 和 " +"``DATA`` 对应的低层级方法也是受支持的。 通常不需要直接调用这些方法，因此它们没有被写入本文档。 相关细节请参看模块代码。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:553 +msgid "SMTP Example" +msgstr "SMTP 示例" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:555 +msgid "" +"This example prompts the user for addresses needed in the message envelope " +"('To' and 'From' addresses), and the message to be delivered. Note that the" +" headers to be included with the message must be included in the message as " +"entered; this example doesn't do any processing of the :rfc:`822` headers. " +"In particular, the 'To' and 'From' addresses must be included in the message" +" headers explicitly::" +msgstr "" +"这个例子提示用户输入消息封包所需的地址 ('To' 和 'From' 地址)，以及要发送的消息。 " +"请注意包括在消息中的标头必须包括在输入的消息中；这个例子不对 :rfc:`822` 标头进行任何处理。 具体来说，'To' 和 'From' " +"地址必须显式地包括在消息标头中::" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:561 +msgid "" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"def prompt(title):\n" +" return input(title).strip()\n" +"\n" +"from_addr = prompt(\"From: \")\n" +"to_addrs = prompt(\"To: \").split()\n" +"print(\"Enter message, end with ^D (Unix) or ^Z (Windows):\")\n" +"\n" +"# Add the From: and To: headers at the start!\n" +"lines = [f\"From: {from_addr}\", f\"To: {', '.join(to_addrs)}\", \"\"]\n" +"while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" line = input()\n" +" except EOFError:\n" +" break\n" +" else:\n" +" lines.append(line)\n" +"\n" +"msg = \"\\r\\n\".join(lines)\n" +"print(\"Message length is\", len(msg))\n" +"\n" +"server = smtplib.SMTP(\"localhost\")\n" +"server.set_debuglevel(1)\n" +"server.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg)\n" +"server.quit()" +msgstr "" +"import smtplib\n" +"\n" +"def prompt(title):\n" +" return input(title).strip()\n" +"\n" +"from_addr = prompt(\"From: \")\n" +"to_addrs = prompt(\"To: \").split()\n" +"print(\"Enter message, end with ^D (Unix) or ^Z (Windows):\")\n" +"\n" +"# 在开始时添加 From: 和 To: 标头！\n" +"lines = [f\"From: {from_addr}\", f\"To: {', '.join(to_addrs)}\", \"\"]\n" +"while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" line = input()\n" +" except EOFError:\n" +" break\n" +" else:\n" +" lines.append(line)\n" +"\n" +"msg = \"\\r\\n\".join(lines)\n" +"print(\"Message length is\", len(msg))\n" +"\n" +"server = smtplib.SMTP(\"localhost\")\n" +"server.set_debuglevel(1)\n" +"server.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg)\n" +"server.quit()" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:590 +msgid "" +"In general, you will want to use the :mod:`email` package's features to " +"construct an email message, which you can then send via " +":meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message`; see :ref:`email-examples`." +msgstr "" +"通常，你将需要使用 :mod:`email` 包的特性来构造电子邮件消息，然后你可以通过 " +":meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message` 来发送它，参见 :ref:`email-examples`。" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:11 +msgid "SMTP" +msgstr "SMTP" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:11 +msgid "protocol" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/smtplib.rst:11 +msgid "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol" +msgstr "简单邮件传输协议" diff --git a/library/sndhdr.po b/library/sndhdr.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9c33c087 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sndhdr.po @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`sndhdr` --- Determine type of sound file" +msgstr ":mod:`sndhdr` --- 推测声音文件的类型" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/sndhdr.py`" +msgstr "**源代码** :source:`Lib/sndhdr.py`" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sndhdr` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#sndhdr>` for " +"details and alternatives)." +msgstr ":mod:`sndhdr` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#sndhdr>` 了解详情及其替代品）。" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sndhdr` provides utility functions which attempt to determine the " +"type of sound data which is in a file. When these functions are able to " +"determine what type of sound data is stored in a file, they return a " +":func:`~collections.namedtuple`, containing five attributes: (``filetype``, " +"``framerate``, ``nchannels``, ``nframes``, ``sampwidth``). The value for " +"*type* indicates the data type and will be one of the strings ``'aifc'``, " +"``'aiff'``, ``'au'``, ``'hcom'``, ``'sndr'``, ``'sndt'``, ``'voc'``, " +"``'wav'``, ``'8svx'``, ``'sb'``, ``'ub'``, or ``'ul'``. The *sampling_rate*" +" will be either the actual value or ``0`` if unknown or difficult to decode." +" Similarly, *channels* will be either the number of channels or ``0`` if it" +" cannot be determined or if the value is difficult to decode. The value for" +" *frames* will be either the number of frames or ``-1``. The last item in " +"the tuple, *bits_per_sample*, will either be the sample size in bits or " +"``'A'`` for A-LAW or ``'U'`` for u-LAW." +msgstr "" +":mod:`sndhdr` 提供了企图猜测文件中的声音数据类型的功能函数。当这些函数可以推测出存储在文件中的声音数据的类型是，它们返回一个 " +":func:`collections.namedtuple`，包含了五种属性：（``filetype``, ``framerate``, " +"``nchannels``, ``nframes``, ``sampwidth``）。这些 *type* 的值表示数据的类型，会是以下字符串之一： " +"``'aifc'``, ``'aiff'``, ``'au'``, ``'hcom'``, ``'sndr'``, ``'sndt'``, " +"``'voc'``, ``'wav'``, ``'8svx'``, ``'sb'``, ``'ub'``, or ``'ul'`` 。 " +"*sampling_rate* 可能是实际值或者当未知或者难以解码时的 ``0``。类似的， *channels* " +"也会返回实际值或者在无法推测或者难以解码时返回 ``0``。 *frames* 则是实际值或 ``-1``。 元组的最后一项， " +"*bits_per_sample* 将会为比特表示的 sample 大小或者 A-LAW 时为 ``'A'``， u-LAW 时为 ``'U'``。" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Determines the type of sound data stored in the file *filename* using " +":func:`whathdr`. If it succeeds, returns a namedtuple as described above, " +"otherwise ``None`` is returned." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`whathdr` 推测存储在 *filename* 文件中的声音数据的类型。如果成功，返回上述的命名元组，否则返回 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:44 ../../library/sndhdr.rst:54 +msgid "Result changed from a tuple to a namedtuple." +msgstr "将结果从元组改为命名元组。" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Determines the type of sound data stored in a file based on the file " +"header. The name of the file is given by *filename*. This function returns " +"a namedtuple as described above on success, or ``None``." +msgstr "" +"基于文件头推测存储在文件中的声音数据类型。文件名由 *filename* 给出。这个函数在成功时返回上述命名元组，或者在失败时返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:57 +msgid "" +"The following sound header types are recognized, as listed below with the " +"return value from :func:`whathdr`: and :func:`what`:" +msgstr "下列音频标头类型是可识别的，带有如下来自 :func:`whathdr` 的返回值: 以及 :func:`what`:" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:61 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:61 +msgid "Sound header format" +msgstr "音频标头格式" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:63 +msgid "``'aifc'``" +msgstr "``'aifc'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:63 +msgid "Compressed Audio Interchange Files" +msgstr "Compressed Audio Interchange Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:65 +msgid "``'aiff'``" +msgstr "``'aiff'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:65 +msgid "Audio Interchange Files" +msgstr "Audio Interchange Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:67 +msgid "``'au'``" +msgstr "``'au'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:67 +msgid "Au Files" +msgstr "Au Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:69 +msgid "``'hcom'``" +msgstr "``'hcom'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:69 +msgid "HCOM Files" +msgstr "HCOM Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:71 +msgid "``'sndt'``" +msgstr "``'sndt'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:71 +msgid "Sndtool Sound Files" +msgstr "Sndtool Sound Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:73 +msgid "``'voc'``" +msgstr "``'voc'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:73 +msgid "Creative Labs Audio Files" +msgstr "Creative Labs Audio Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:75 +msgid "``'wav'``" +msgstr "``'wav'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:75 +msgid "Waveform Audio File Format Files" +msgstr "Waveform Audio File Format Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:77 +msgid "``'8svx'``" +msgstr "``'8svx'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:77 +msgid "8-Bit Sampled Voice Files" +msgstr "8-Bit Sampled Voice Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:79 +msgid "``'sb'``" +msgstr "``'sb'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:79 +msgid "Signed Byte Audio Data Files" +msgstr "Signed Byte Audio Data Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:81 +msgid "``'ub'``" +msgstr "``'ub'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:81 +msgid "UB Files" +msgstr "UB Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:83 +msgid "``'ul'``" +msgstr "``'ul'``" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:83 +msgid "uLAW Audio Files" +msgstr "uLAW Audio Files" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:88 +msgid "" +"A list of functions performing the individual tests. Each function takes " +"two arguments: the byte-stream and an open file-like object. When " +":func:`what` is called with a byte-stream, the file-like object will be " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"执行单个测试的函数列表。每个函数都有两个参数：字节流和类似开放文件的对象。当 :func:`what` 用字节流调用时，类文件对象将是 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:92 +msgid "" +"The test function should return a string describing the image type if the " +"test succeeded, or ``None`` if it failed." +msgstr "如果测试成功，这个测试函数应当返回一个描述图像类型的字符串，否则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:95 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:13 +msgid "A-LAW" +msgstr "A-LAW" + +#: ../../library/sndhdr.rst:13 +msgid "u-LAW" +msgstr "u-LAW" diff --git a/library/socket.po b/library/socket.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9f46268b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/socket.po @@ -0,0 +1,3296 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Sonny <758896823@qq.com>, 2021 +# Contextualist , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!socket` --- Low-level networking interface" +msgstr ":mod:`!socket` --- 低层级的网络接口" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/socket.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/socket.py`" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to the BSD *socket* interface. It is available " +"on all modern Unix systems, Windows, MacOS, and probably additional " +"platforms." +msgstr "这个模块提供了访问 BSD *套接字* 的接口。在所有现代 Unix 系统、Windows、macOS 和其他一些平台上可用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Some behavior may be platform dependent, since calls are made to the " +"operating system socket APIs." +msgstr "一些行为可能因平台不同而异，因为调用的是操作系统的套接字API。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:176 ../../library/socket.rst:186 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:214 ../../library/socket.rst:221 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:238 ../../library/socket.rst:388 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:466 ../../library/socket.rst:483 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:498 ../../library/socket.rst:509 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:518 ../../library/socket.rst:527 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:538 ../../library/socket.rst:550 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:561 ../../library/socket.rst:574 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:602 ../../library/socket.rst:614 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:620 ../../library/socket.rst:650 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:665 ../../library/socket.rst:674 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:691 ../../library/socket.rst:706 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:716 ../../library/socket.rst:905 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1030 ../../library/socket.rst:1046 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1059 ../../library/socket.rst:1074 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1091 ../../library/socket.rst:1102 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1113 ../../library/socket.rst:1124 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1213 ../../library/socket.rst:1233 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1259 ../../library/socket.rst:1282 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1311 ../../library/socket.rst:1322 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1349 ../../library/socket.rst:1366 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1383 ../../library/socket.rst:1397 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1448 ../../library/socket.rst:1495 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1509 ../../library/socket.rst:1529 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1576 ../../library/socket.rst:1621 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1746 ../../library/socket.rst:1790 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1898 ../../library/socket.rst:1916 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2000 ../../library/socket.rst:2010 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2022 ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The Python interface is a straightforward transliteration of the Unix system" +" call and library interface for sockets to Python's object-oriented style: " +"the :func:`~socket.socket` function returns a :dfn:`socket object` whose " +"methods implement the various socket system calls. Parameter types are " +"somewhat higher-level than in the C interface: as with :meth:`read` and " +":meth:`write` operations on Python files, buffer allocation on receive " +"operations is automatic, and buffer length is implicit on send operations." +msgstr "" +"这个 Python 接口是将 Unix 系统调用和套接字库接口直接转写为 Python 的面向对象风格：函数 " +":func:`~socket.socket` 返回一个 :dfn:`套接字对象`，其方法是对各种套接字系统调用的实现。 形参类型相比 C " +"接口更高级一些：如同在 Python 文件上的 :meth:`read` 和 :meth:`write` " +"操作那样，接受操作的缓冲区分配是自动进行的，发送操作的缓冲区长度则是隐式的。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:35 +msgid "Module :mod:`socketserver`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`socketserver`" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:36 +msgid "Classes that simplify writing network servers." +msgstr "用于简化网络服务端编写的类。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:38 +msgid "Module :mod:`ssl`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`ssl`" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:39 +msgid "A TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects." +msgstr "套接字对象的TLS/SSL封装。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:43 +msgid "Socket families" +msgstr "套接字协议族" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Depending on the system and the build options, various socket families are " +"supported by this module." +msgstr "根据系统以及构建选项，此模块提供了各种套接字协议簇。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The address format required by a particular socket object is automatically " +"selected based on the address family specified when the socket object was " +"created. Socket addresses are represented as follows:" +msgstr "特定的套接字对象需要的地址格式将根据此套接字对象被创建时指定的地址族被自动选择。套接字地址表示如下：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:52 +msgid "" +"The address of an :const:`AF_UNIX` socket bound to a file system node is " +"represented as a string, using the file system encoding and the " +"``'surrogateescape'`` error handler (see :pep:`383`). An address in Linux's" +" abstract namespace is returned as a :term:`bytes-like object` with an " +"initial null byte; note that sockets in this namespace can communicate with " +"normal file system sockets, so programs intended to run on Linux may need to" +" deal with both types of address. A string or bytes-like object can be used" +" for either type of address when passing it as an argument." +msgstr "" +"一个绑定在文件系统节点上的 :const:`AF_UNIX` 套接字的地址表示为一个字符串，使用文件系统字符编码和 " +"``'surrogateescape'`` 错误回调方法（see :pep:`383`）。一个地址在 Linux 的抽象命名空间被返回为带有初始的 " +"null 字节的 :term:`字节类对象 ` " +"；注意在这个命名空间种的套接字可能与普通文件系统套接字通信，所以打算运行在 Linux " +"上的程序可能需要解决两种地址类型。当传递为参数时，一个字符串或字节类对象可以用于任一类型的地址。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Previously, :const:`AF_UNIX` socket paths were assumed to use UTF-8 " +"encoding." +msgstr "之前，:const:`AF_UNIX` 套接字路径被假设使用 UTF-8 编码。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:66 ../../library/socket.rst:1196 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1238 ../../library/socket.rst:1994 +msgid "Writable :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted." +msgstr "现在接受可写的 :term:`字节类对象 `。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:71 +msgid "" +"A pair ``(host, port)`` is used for the :const:`AF_INET` address family, " +"where *host* is a string representing either a hostname in internet domain " +"notation like ``'daring.cwi.nl'`` or an IPv4 address like " +"``'100.50.200.5'``, and *port* is an integer." +msgstr "" +"一对 ``(host, port)`` 被用作 :const:`AF_INET` 地址族，其中 *host* 是一个表示互联网域名标记形式的主机名例如 " +"``'daring.cwi.nl'`` 或者 IPv4 地址例如 ``'100.50.200.5'`` 的字符串，而 *port* 是一个整数值。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:76 +msgid "" +"For IPv4 addresses, two special forms are accepted instead of a host " +"address: ``''`` represents :const:`INADDR_ANY`, which is used to bind to all" +" interfaces, and the string ``''`` represents " +":const:`INADDR_BROADCAST`. This behavior is not compatible with IPv6, " +"therefore, you may want to avoid these if you intend to support IPv6 with " +"your Python programs." +msgstr "" +"对于 IPv4 地址，有两种可接受的特殊形式被用来代替一个主机地址： ``''`` 代表 " +":const:`INADDR_ANY`，用来绑定到所有接口；字符串 ``''`` 代表 " +":const:`INADDR_BROADCAST`。此行为不兼容 IPv6，因此，如果你的 Python 程序打算支持 IPv6，则可能需要避开这些。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:83 +msgid "" +"For :const:`AF_INET6` address family, a four-tuple ``(host, port, flowinfo, " +"scope_id)`` is used, where *flowinfo* and *scope_id* represent the " +"``sin6_flowinfo`` and ``sin6_scope_id`` members in :const:`struct " +"sockaddr_in6` in C. For :mod:`socket` module methods, *flowinfo* and " +"*scope_id* can be omitted just for backward compatibility. Note, however, " +"omission of *scope_id* can cause problems in manipulating scoped IPv6 " +"addresses." +msgstr "" +"对于 :const:`AF_INET6` 地址族，使用一个四元组 ``(host, port, flowinfo, scope_id)``，其中 " +"*flowinfo* 和 *scope_id* 代表了 C 库 :const:`struct sockaddr_in6` 中的 " +"``sin6_flowinfo`` 和 ``sin6_scope_id`` 成员。对于 :mod:`socket` 模块中的方法， *flowinfo*" +" 和 *scope_id* 可以被省略，只为了向后兼容。注意，省略 *scope_id* 可能会导致操作带有领域 (Scope) 的 IPv6 " +"地址时出错。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:90 +msgid "" +"For multicast addresses (with *scope_id* meaningful) *address* may not " +"contain ``%scope_id`` (or ``zone id``) part. This information is superfluous" +" and may be safely omitted (recommended)." +msgstr "" +"对于多播地址（其 *scope_id* 起作用），*地址* 中可以不包含 ``%scope_id`` （或 ``zone id`` " +"）部分，这部分是多余的，可以放心省略（推荐）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:95 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_NETLINK` sockets are represented as pairs ``(pid, groups)``." +msgstr ":const:`AF_NETLINK` 套接字由一对 ``(pid, groups)`` 表示。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Linux-only support for TIPC is available using the :const:`AF_TIPC` address " +"family. TIPC is an open, non-IP based networked protocol designed for use " +"in clustered computer environments. Addresses are represented by a tuple, " +"and the fields depend on the address type. The general tuple form is " +"``(addr_type, v1, v2, v3 [, scope])``, where:" +msgstr "" +"指定 :const:`AF_TIPC` 地址族可以使用仅 Linux 支持的 TIPC 协议。TIPC 是一种开放的、非基于 IP " +"的网络协议，旨在用于集群计算环境。其地址用元组表示，其中的字段取决于地址类型。一般元组形式为 ``(addr_type, v1, v2, v3 [, " +"scope])``，其中：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:103 +msgid "" +"*addr_type* is one of :const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ`, :const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAME`, " +"or :const:`TIPC_ADDR_ID`." +msgstr "" +"*addr_type* 取 :const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ`、:const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAME` 或 " +":const:`TIPC_ADDR_ID` 中的一个。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:105 +msgid "" +"*scope* is one of :const:`TIPC_ZONE_SCOPE`, :const:`TIPC_CLUSTER_SCOPE`, and" +" :const:`TIPC_NODE_SCOPE`." +msgstr "" +"*scope* 取 :const:`TIPC_ZONE_SCOPE`、:const:`TIPC_CLUSTER_SCOPE` 和 " +":const:`TIPC_NODE_SCOPE` 中的一个。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:107 +msgid "" +"If *addr_type* is :const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAME`, then *v1* is the server type, " +"*v2* is the port identifier, and *v3* should be 0." +msgstr "" +"如果 *addr_type* 为 :const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAME`，那么 *v1* 是服务器类型，*v2* 是端口标识符，*v3* 应为 " +"0。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:110 +msgid "" +"If *addr_type* is :const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ`, then *v1* is the server type, " +"*v2* is the lower port number, and *v3* is the upper port number." +msgstr "" +"如果 *addr_type* 为 :const:`TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ`，那么 *v1* 是服务器类型，*v2* 是端口号下限，而 " +"*v3* 是端口号上限。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:113 +msgid "" +"If *addr_type* is :const:`TIPC_ADDR_ID`, then *v1* is the node, *v2* is the " +"reference, and *v3* should be set to 0." +msgstr "" +"如果 *addr_type* 为 :const:`TIPC_ADDR_ID`，那么 *v1* 是节点 (node)，*v2* 是 ref，*v3* 应为" +" 0。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:116 +msgid "" +"A tuple ``(interface, )`` is used for the :const:`AF_CAN` address family, " +"where *interface* is a string representing a network interface name like " +"``'can0'``. The network interface name ``''`` can be used to receive packets" +" from all network interfaces of this family." +msgstr "" +":const:`AF_CAN` 地址族使用元组 ``(interface, )``，其中 *interface* 是表示网络接口名称的字符串，如 " +"``'can0'``。网络接口名 ``''`` 可以用于接收本族所有网络接口的数据包。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:121 +msgid "" +":const:`CAN_ISOTP` protocol require a tuple ``(interface, rx_addr, " +"tx_addr)`` where both additional parameters are unsigned long integer that " +"represent a CAN identifier (standard or extended)." +msgstr "" +":const:`CAN_ISOTP` 协议接受一个元组 ``(interface, rx_addr, " +"tx_addr)``，其中两个额外参数都是无符号长整数，都表示 CAN 标识符（标准或扩展标识符）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:124 +msgid "" +":const:`CAN_J1939` protocol require a tuple ``(interface, name, pgn, addr)``" +" where additional parameters are 64-bit unsigned integer representing the " +"ECU name, a 32-bit unsigned integer representing the Parameter Group Number " +"(PGN), and an 8-bit integer representing the address." +msgstr "" +":const:`CAN_J1939` 协议接受一个元组 ``(interface, name, pgn, addr)``，其中额外参数有：表示 ECU " +"名称的 64 位无符号整数，表示参数组号 (Parameter Group Number, PGN) 的 32 位无符号整数，以及表示地址的 8 " +"位整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:129 +msgid "" +"A string or a tuple ``(id, unit)`` is used for the :const:`SYSPROTO_CONTROL`" +" protocol of the :const:`PF_SYSTEM` family. The string is the name of a " +"kernel control using a dynamically assigned ID. The tuple can be used if ID " +"and unit number of the kernel control are known or if a registered ID is " +"used." +msgstr "" +":const:`PF_SYSTEM` 协议族的 :const:`SYSPROTO_CONTROL` 协议使用一个字符串或元组 ``(id, " +"unit)``。 这个字符串是使用动态分配 ID 的内核控件名称。 如果 ID 和内核控件的单元编号都已知或者使用了已注册的 ID 则可以使用元组。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:137 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_BLUETOOTH` supports the following protocols and address formats:" +msgstr ":const:`AF_BLUETOOTH` 支持以下协议和地址格式：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:140 +msgid "" +":const:`BTPROTO_L2CAP` accepts ``(bdaddr, psm)`` where ``bdaddr`` is the " +"Bluetooth address as a string and ``psm`` is an integer." +msgstr "" +":const:`BTPROTO_L2CAP` 接受 ``(bdaddr, psm)``，其中 ``bdaddr`` " +"为字符串格式的蓝牙地址，``psm`` 是一个整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:143 +msgid "" +":const:`BTPROTO_RFCOMM` accepts ``(bdaddr, channel)`` where ``bdaddr`` is " +"the Bluetooth address as a string and ``channel`` is an integer." +msgstr "" +":const:`BTPROTO_RFCOMM` 接受 ``(bdaddr, channel)``，其中 ``bdaddr`` " +"为字符串格式的蓝牙地址，``channel`` 是一个整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:146 +msgid ":const:`BTPROTO_HCI` accepts a format that depends on your OS." +msgstr ":const:`BTPROTO_HCI` 将接受依赖于具体操作系统的格式。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:148 +msgid "" +"On Linux it accepts a tuple ``(device_id,)`` where ``device_id`` is an " +"integer specifying the number of the Bluetooth device." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 上它接受一个元组 ``(device_id,)`` 其中 ``device_id`` 是一个指明 Bluetooth 设备号的整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:150 +msgid "" +"On FreeBSD, NetBSD and DragonFly BSD it accepts ``bdaddr`` where ``bdaddr`` " +"is the Bluetooth address as a string." +msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD, NetBSD 和 DragonFly BSD 上它接受 ``bdaddr`` 其中 ``bdaddr`` 是字符串形式的蓝牙地址。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:153 +msgid "NetBSD and DragonFlyBSD support added." +msgstr "添加了对 NetBSD 和 DragonFlyBSD 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:156 +msgid "FreeBSD support added." +msgstr "添加了 FreeBSD 支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:159 +msgid "" +":const:`BTPROTO_SCO` accepts ``bdaddr`` where ``bdaddr`` is the Bluetooth " +"address as a string or a :class:`bytes` object. (ex. ``'12:23:34:45:56:67'``" +" or ``b'12:23:34:45:56:67'``) This protocol is not supported under FreeBSD." +msgstr "" +":const:`BTPROTO_SCO` 接受 ``bdaddr`` 其中 ``bdaddr`` 是字符串或 :class:`bytes` " +"对象形式的蓝牙地址。 (例如 ``'12:23:34:45:56:67'`` 或 ``b'12:23:34:45:56:67'``) 此协议在 " +"FreeBSD 下不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:164 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_ALG` is a Linux-only socket based interface to Kernel " +"cryptography. An algorithm socket is configured with a tuple of two to four " +"elements ``(type, name [, feat [, mask]])``, where:" +msgstr "" +":const:`AF_ALG` 是一个仅 Linux 可用的、基于套接字的接口，用于连接内核加密算法。算法套接字可用包括 2 至 4 个元素的元组来配置" +" ``(type, name [, feat [, mask]])``，其中：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:168 +msgid "" +"*type* is the algorithm type as string, e.g. ``aead``, ``hash``, " +"``skcipher`` or ``rng``." +msgstr "*type* 是表示算法类型的字符串，如 ``aead``、``hash``、``skcipher`` 或 ``rng``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:171 +msgid "" +"*name* is the algorithm name and operation mode as string, e.g. ``sha256``, " +"``hmac(sha256)``, ``cbc(aes)`` or ``drbg_nopr_ctr_aes256``." +msgstr "" +"*name* 是表示算法类型和操作模式的字符串，如 ``sha256``、``hmac(sha256)``、``cbc(aes)`` 或 " +"``drbg_nopr_ctr_aes256``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:174 +msgid "*feat* and *mask* are unsigned 32bit integers." +msgstr "*feat* 和 *mask* 是无符号 32 位整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:178 +msgid "Some algorithm types require more recent Kernels." +msgstr "某些算法类型需要更新的内核。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:182 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_VSOCK` allows communication between virtual machines and their " +"hosts. The sockets are represented as a ``(CID, port)`` tuple where the " +"context ID or CID and port are integers." +msgstr "" +":const:`AF_VSOCK` 用于支持虚拟机与宿主机之间的通讯。该套接字用 ``(CID, port)`` 元组表示，其中 Context ID " +"(CID) 和 port 都是整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:188 +msgid "See :manpage:`vsock(7)`" +msgstr "参见 :manpage:`vsock(7)`" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:192 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_PACKET` is a low-level interface directly to network devices. The" +" addresses are represented by the tuple ``(ifname, proto[, pkttype[, " +"hatype[, addr]]])`` where:" +msgstr "" +":const:`AF_PACKET` 是一个直接连接网络设备的低层级接口。 地址以元组 ``(ifname, proto[, pkttype[, " +"hatype[, addr]]])`` 表示，其中：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:196 +msgid "*ifname* - String specifying the device name." +msgstr "*ifname* - 指定设备名称的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:197 +msgid "" +"*proto* - The Ethernet protocol number. May be :data:`ETH_P_ALL` to capture " +"all protocols, one of the :ref:`ETHERTYPE_* constants ` or any other Ethernet protocol number." +msgstr "" +"*proto* - 以太网协议号。 可以为 :data:`ETH_P_ALL` 表示捕获所有协议，某个 :ref:`ETHERTYPE_* 常量 " +"` 或者任何其他以太网协议号。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:201 +msgid "*pkttype* - Optional integer specifying the packet type:" +msgstr "*pkttype* - 指定数据包类型的整数（可选）：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:203 +msgid "``PACKET_HOST`` (the default) - Packet addressed to the local host." +msgstr "``PACKET_HOST`` （默认） - 寻址到本地主机的数据包。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:204 +msgid "``PACKET_BROADCAST`` - Physical-layer broadcast packet." +msgstr "``PACKET_BROADCAST`` - 物理层广播的数据包。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:205 +msgid "" +"``PACKET_MULTICAST`` - Packet sent to a physical-layer multicast address." +msgstr "``PACKET_MULTICAST`` - 发送到物理层多播地址的数据包。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:206 +msgid "" +"``PACKET_OTHERHOST`` - Packet to some other host that has been caught by a " +"device driver in promiscuous mode." +msgstr "``PACKET_OTHERHOST`` - 被（处于混杂模式的）网卡驱动捕获的、发送到其他主机的数据包。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:208 +msgid "" +"``PACKET_OUTGOING`` - Packet originating from the local host that is looped " +"back to a packet socket." +msgstr "``PACKET_OUTGOING`` - 来自本地主机的、回环到一个套接字的数据包。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:210 +msgid "*hatype* - Optional integer specifying the ARP hardware address type." +msgstr "*hatype* - 可选整数，指定 ARP 硬件地址类型。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:211 +msgid "" +"*addr* - Optional bytes-like object specifying the hardware physical " +"address, whose interpretation depends on the device." +msgstr "*addr* - 可选的类字节串对象，用于指定硬件物理地址，其解释取决于各设备。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:216 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_QIPCRTR` is a Linux-only socket based interface for communicating" +" with services running on co-processors in Qualcomm platforms. The address " +"family is represented as a ``(node, port)`` tuple where the *node* and " +"*port* are non-negative integers." +msgstr "" +":const:`AF_QIPCRTR` 是一个仅 Linux 可用的、基于套接字的接口，用于与高通平台中协处理器上运行的服务进行通信。该地址簇用一个 " +"``(node, port)`` 元组表示，其中 *node* 和 *port* 为非负整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:225 +msgid "" +":const:`IPPROTO_UDPLITE` is a variant of UDP which allows you to specify " +"what portion of a packet is covered with the checksum. It adds two socket " +"options that you can change. ``self.setsockopt(IPPROTO_UDPLITE, " +"UDPLITE_SEND_CSCOV, length)`` will change what portion of outgoing packets " +"are covered by the checksum and ``self.setsockopt(IPPROTO_UDPLITE, " +"UDPLITE_RECV_CSCOV, length)`` will filter out packets which cover too little" +" of their data. In both cases ``length`` should be in ``range(8, 2**16, " +"8)``." +msgstr "" +":const:`IPPROTO_UDPLITE` 是一种 UDP " +"的变体，允许指定数据包的哪一部分计算入校验码内。它添加了两个可以修改的套接字选项。``self.setsockopt(IPPROTO_UDPLITE, " +"UDPLITE_SEND_CSCOV, length)`` 修改传出数据包的哪一部分计算入校验码内，而 " +"``self.setsockopt(IPPROTO_UDPLITE, UDPLITE_RECV_CSCOV, length)`` " +"将过滤掉计算入校验码的数据太少的数据包。在这两种情况下，``length`` 都应在 ``range(8, 2**16, 8)`` 范围内。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Such a socket should be constructed with ``socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, " +"IPPROTO_UDPLITE)`` for IPv4 or ``socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, " +"IPPROTO_UDPLITE)`` for IPv6." +msgstr "" +"对于 IPv4，应使用 ``socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDPLITE)`` 来构造这样的套接字；对于 " +"IPv6，应使用 ``socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDPLITE)`` 来构造这样的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:242 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_HYPERV` is a Windows-only socket based interface for " +"communicating with Hyper-V hosts and guests. The address family is " +"represented as a ``(vm_id, service_id)`` tuple where the ``vm_id`` and " +"``service_id`` are UUID strings." +msgstr "" +":const:`AF_HYPERV` 是 Windows 专属的用于同 Hyper-V 主机和客户机通信的基于套接字的接口。 其地址族以一个 " +"``(vm_id, service_id)`` 元组表示，其中 ``vm_id`` 和 ``service_id`` 均为 UUID 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:247 +msgid "" +"The ``vm_id`` is the virtual machine identifier or a set of known VMID " +"values if the target is not a specific virtual machine. Known VMID constants" +" defined on ``socket`` are:" +msgstr "" +"``vm_id`` 为虚拟机标识号或者如果目标不是一台特定的虚拟机则为已知 VMID 值的集合。 在 ``socket`` 上定义的已知 VMID " +"常量有:" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:251 +msgid "``HV_GUID_ZERO``" +msgstr "``HV_GUID_ZERO``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:252 +msgid "``HV_GUID_BROADCAST``" +msgstr "``HV_GUID_BROADCAST``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:253 +msgid "" +"``HV_GUID_WILDCARD`` - Used to bind on itself and accept connections from " +"all partitions." +msgstr "``HV_GUID_WILDCARD`` - 用于绑定自身并接受来自所有分区的连接。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:255 +msgid "" +"``HV_GUID_CHILDREN`` - Used to bind on itself and accept connection from " +"child partitions." +msgstr "``HV_GUID_CHILDREN`` - 用于绑定自身并接受来自子分区的连接。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:257 +msgid "``HV_GUID_LOOPBACK`` - Used as a target to itself." +msgstr "``HV_GUID_LOOPBACK`` - 用作指向自身的目标。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:258 +msgid "" +"``HV_GUID_PARENT`` - When used as a bind accepts connection from the parent " +"partition. When used as an address target it will connect to the parent " +"partition." +msgstr "" +"``HV_GUID_PARENT`` - 当用作绑定时接受来自父分区的连接。 当用作地址目标时它将连接到父分区。will connect to the " +"parent partition." + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:261 +msgid "" +"The ``service_id`` is the service identifier of the registered service." +msgstr "``service_id`` 是已注册服务的服务标识号。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:265 +msgid "" +"If you use a hostname in the *host* portion of IPv4/v6 socket address, the " +"program may show a nondeterministic behavior, as Python uses the first " +"address returned from the DNS resolution. The socket address will be " +"resolved differently into an actual IPv4/v6 address, depending on the " +"results from DNS resolution and/or the host configuration. For " +"deterministic behavior use a numeric address in *host* portion." +msgstr "" +"如果你在 IPv4/v6 套接字地址的 *host* 部分中使用了一个主机名，此程序可能会表现不确定行为，因为 Python 使用 DNS " +"解析返回的第一个地址。套接字地址在实际的 IPv4/v6 中以不同方式解析，根据 DNS 解析和/或 host 配置。为了确定行为，在 *host* " +"部分中使用数字的地址。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:272 +msgid "" +"All errors raise exceptions. The normal exceptions for invalid argument " +"types and out-of-memory conditions can be raised. Errors related to socket " +"or address semantics raise :exc:`OSError` or one of its subclasses." +msgstr "" +"所有错误都会引发异常。 普通异常将针对无效的参数类型和内存不足等情况被引发。 与套接字或地址语义有关的错误则会引发 :exc:`OSError` " +"或它的某个子类。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Non-blocking mode is supported through :meth:`~socket.setblocking`. A " +"generalization of this based on timeouts is supported through " +":meth:`~socket.settimeout`." +msgstr "" +"可以用 :meth:`~socket.setblocking` 设置非阻塞模式。一个基于超时的 generalization 通过 " +":meth:`~socket.settimeout` 支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:283 +msgid "Module contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:285 +msgid "The module :mod:`socket` exports the following elements." +msgstr ":mod:`socket` 模块包含下列元素。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:289 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:293 +msgid "A deprecated alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "一个被弃用的 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:295 +msgid "Following :pep:`3151`, this class was made an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "根据 :pep:`3151`，这个类是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:301 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`OSError`, this exception is raised for address-related " +"errors, i.e. for functions that use *h_errno* in the POSIX C API, including " +":func:`gethostbyname_ex` and :func:`gethostbyaddr`. The accompanying value " +"is a pair ``(h_errno, string)`` representing an error returned by a library " +"call. *h_errno* is a numeric value, while *string* represents the " +"description of *h_errno*, as returned by the :c:func:`hstrerror` C function." +msgstr "" +":exc:`OSError` 的子类，本异常通常表示与地址相关的错误，比如那些在 POSIX C API 中使用了 *h_errno* 的函数，包括 " +":func:`gethostbyname_ex` 和 :func:`gethostbyaddr`。附带的值是一对 ``(h_errno, " +"string)``，代表库调用返回的错误。*h_errno* 是一个数字，而 *string* 表示 *h_errno* 的描述，它们由 C 函数 " +":c:func:`hstrerror` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:309 ../../library/socket.rst:322 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:335 +msgid "This class was made a subclass of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "此类是 :exc:`OSError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:314 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`OSError`, this exception is raised for address-related " +"errors by :func:`getaddrinfo` and :func:`getnameinfo`. The accompanying " +"value is a pair ``(error, string)`` representing an error returned by a " +"library call. *string* represents the description of *error*, as returned " +"by the :c:func:`gai_strerror` C function. The numeric *error* value will " +"match one of the :const:`!EAI_\\*` constants defined in this module." +msgstr "" +":exc:`OSError` 的子类，该异常由 :func:`getaddrinfo` 和 :func:`getnameinfo` " +"引发以表示与地址相关的错误。 附带的值是一个 ``(error, string)`` 对，代表库调用所返回的错误。 *string* 代表 " +"*error* 的描述，如 :c:func:`gai_strerror` C 函数所返回的值。 数字值 *error* 将与本模块中定义的某个 " +":const:`!EAI_\\*` 常量相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:327 +msgid "A deprecated alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`." +msgstr ":exc:`TimeoutError` 的已被弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:329 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`OSError`, this exception is raised when a timeout occurs" +" on a socket which has had timeouts enabled via a prior call to " +":meth:`~socket.settimeout` (or implicitly through " +":func:`~socket.setdefaulttimeout`). The accompanying value is a string " +"whose value is currently always \"timed out\"." +msgstr "" +":exc:`OSError` 的子类，当套接字发生超时，且事先已调用过 :meth:`~socket.settimeout` （或隐式地通过 " +":func:`~socket.setdefaulttimeout` ）启用了超时，则会抛出此异常。附带的值是一个字符串，其值总是 \"timed " +"out\"。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:338 +msgid "This class was made an alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`." +msgstr "这个类是 :exc:`TimeoutError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:343 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The AF_* and SOCK_* constants are now :class:`AddressFamily` and " +":class:`SocketKind` :class:`.IntEnum` collections." +msgstr "" +"AF_* 和 SOCK_* 常量现在都在 :class:`AddressFamily` 和 :class:`SocketKind` 这两个 " +":class:`.IntEnum` 集合内。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:354 +msgid "" +"These constants represent the address (and protocol) families, used for the " +"first argument to :func:`~socket.socket`. If the :const:`AF_UNIX` constant " +"is not defined then this protocol is unsupported. More constants may be " +"available depending on the system." +msgstr "" +"这些常量表示地址（和协议）族，被用作传给 :func:`~socket.socket` 的第一个参数。 如果 :const:`AF_UNIX` " +"常量未定义则该协议将不受支持。 根据具体系统可能会有更多的常量可用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:361 +msgid "" +":const:`AF_UNSPEC` means that :func:`getaddrinfo` should return socket " +"addresses for any address family (either IPv4, IPv6, or any other) that can " +"be used." +msgstr "" +":const:`AF_UNSPEC` 表示 :func:`getaddrinfo` 应当为任何可被使用的地址族返回套接字地址（无论是 IPv4, " +"IPv6 还是其他）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:371 +msgid "" +"These constants represent the socket types, used for the second argument to " +":func:`~socket.socket`. More constants may be available depending on the " +"system. (Only :const:`SOCK_STREAM` and :const:`SOCK_DGRAM` appear to be " +"generally useful.)" +msgstr "" +"这些常量表示套接字类型，被用作传给 :func:`~socket.socket` 的第二个参数。 根据具体系统可能会有更多的常量可用。 （只有 " +":const:`SOCK_STREAM` 和 :const:`SOCK_DGRAM` 是普遍适用的。）" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:379 +msgid "" +"These two constants, if defined, can be combined with the socket types and " +"allow you to set some flags atomically (thus avoiding possible race " +"conditions and the need for separate calls)." +msgstr "这两个常量（如果已定义）可以与上述套接字类型结合使用，允许你设置这些原子性相关的 flags （从而避免可能的竞争条件和单独调用的需要）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:385 +msgid "" +"`Secure File Descriptor Handling " +"`_ for a more thorough " +"explanation." +msgstr "`安全文件描述符处理 `_ 提供了更详尽的解释。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Many constants of these forms, documented in the Unix documentation on " +"sockets and/or the IP protocol, are also defined in the socket module. They " +"are generally used in arguments to the :meth:`~socket.setsockopt` and " +":meth:`~socket.getsockopt` methods of socket objects. In most cases, only " +"those symbols that are defined in the Unix header files are defined; for a " +"few symbols, default values are provided." +msgstr "" +"许多这样的常量，记录在 Unix 有关套接字和/或 IP 协议的文档中，也在 socket 模块中有定义。 它们通常被用于传给套接字对象的 " +":meth:`~socket.setsockopt` 和 :meth:`~socket.getsockopt` 等方法的参数中。 " +"在大多数情况下，只有那些在 Unix 头文件中有定义的符号会在本模块中定义；对于部分符号，还提供了默认值。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:416 +msgid "" +"``SO_DOMAIN``, ``SO_PROTOCOL``, ``SO_PEERSEC``, ``SO_PASSSEC``, " +"``TCP_USER_TIMEOUT``, ``TCP_CONGESTION`` were added." +msgstr "" +"添加了 ``SO_DOMAIN``, ``SO_PROTOCOL``, ``SO_PEERSEC``, ``SO_PASSSEC``, " +"``TCP_USER_TIMEOUT``, ``TCP_CONGESTION``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:420 +msgid "" +"On Windows, ``TCP_FASTOPEN``, ``TCP_KEEPCNT`` appear if run-time Windows " +"supports." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，如果 Windows 运行时支持，则 ``TCP_FASTOPEN``、``TCP_KEEPCNT`` 可用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:424 +msgid "``TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT`` was added." +msgstr "添加了 ``TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:427 +msgid "" +"On Windows, ``TCP_KEEPIDLE``, ``TCP_KEEPINTVL`` appear if run-time Windows " +"supports." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，如果 Windows 运行时支持，则 ``TCP_KEEPIDLE``、``TCP_KEEPINTVL`` 可用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:430 +msgid "" +"``IP_RECVTOS`` was added. Added ``TCP_KEEPALIVE``. On MacOS this constant " +"can be used in the same way that ``TCP_KEEPIDLE`` is used on Linux." +msgstr "" +"添加了 ``IP_RECVTOS``。 还添加了 ``TCP_KEEPALIVE``。 这个常量在 MacOS 上可以与在 Linux 上使用 " +"``TCP_KEEPIDLE`` 的相同方式被使用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Added ``TCP_CONNECTION_INFO``. On MacOS this constant can be used in the " +"same way that ``TCP_INFO`` is used on Linux and BSD." +msgstr "" +"添加了 ``TCP_CONNECTION_INFO``。 在 MacOS 上此常量可以与在 Linux 和 BSD 上使用 ``TCP_INFO`` " +"的相同方式来使用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Added ``SO_RTABLE`` and ``SO_USER_COOKIE``. On OpenBSD and FreeBSD " +"respectively those constants can be used in the same way that ``SO_MARK`` is" +" used on Linux. Also added missing TCP socket options from Linux: " +"``TCP_MD5SIG``, ``TCP_THIN_LINEAR_TIMEOUTS``, ``TCP_THIN_DUPACK``, " +"``TCP_REPAIR``, ``TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE``, ``TCP_QUEUE_SEQ``, " +"``TCP_REPAIR_OPTIONS``, ``TCP_TIMESTAMP``, ``TCP_CC_INFO``, " +"``TCP_SAVE_SYN``, ``TCP_SAVED_SYN``, ``TCP_REPAIR_WINDOW``, " +"``TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT``, ``TCP_ULP``, ``TCP_MD5SIG_EXT``, " +"``TCP_FASTOPEN_KEY``, ``TCP_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE``, ``TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE``, " +"``TCP_INQ``, ``TCP_TX_DELAY``. Added ``IP_PKTINFO``, ``IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE``, " +"``IP_BLOCK_SOURCE``, ``IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP``, " +"``IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP``." +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``SO_RTABLE`` 和 ``SO_USER_COOKIE``。 这些常量分别在 OpenBSD 和 FreeBSD 可按与 " +"``SO_MARK`` 在 Linux 上相同的方式被使用。 还增加了来自 Linux 的缺失的 TCP 套接字选项: ``TCP_MD5SIG``, " +"``TCP_THIN_LINEAR_TIMEOUTS``, ``TCP_THIN_DUPACK``, ``TCP_REPAIR``, " +"``TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE``, ``TCP_QUEUE_SEQ``, ``TCP_REPAIR_OPTIONS``, " +"``TCP_TIMESTAMP``, ``TCP_CC_INFO``, ``TCP_SAVE_SYN``, ``TCP_SAVED_SYN``, " +"``TCP_REPAIR_WINDOW``, ``TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT``, ``TCP_ULP``, " +"``TCP_MD5SIG_EXT``, ``TCP_FASTOPEN_KEY``, ``TCP_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE``, " +"``TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE``, ``TCP_INQ``, ``TCP_TX_DELAY``。 增加了 ``IP_PKTINFO``," +" ``IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE``, ``IP_BLOCK_SOURCE``, ``IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP``, " +"``IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Added ``SO_BINDTOIFINDEX``. On Linux this constant can be used in the same " +"way that ``SO_BINDTODEVICE`` is used, but with the index of a network " +"interface instead of its name." +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``SO_BINDTOIFINDEX``。 在 Linux 上此常量可按照与 ``SO_BINDTODEVICE`` " +"相同的用法来使用，但是要通过网络接口的索引号而不是其名称。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:463 ../../library/socket.rst:547 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:571 +msgid "" +"Many constants of these forms, documented in the Linux documentation, are " +"also defined in the socket module." +msgstr "此列表内的许多常量，记载在 Linux 文档中，同时也定义在本 socket 模块中。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:470 +msgid "NetBSD support was added." +msgstr "添加了 NetBSD 支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:473 +msgid "Restored missing ``CAN_RAW_ERR_FILTER`` on Linux." +msgstr "在 Linux 上恢复缺失的 ``CAN_RAW_ERR_FILTER``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:479 +msgid "" +"CAN_BCM, in the CAN protocol family, is the broadcast manager (BCM) " +"protocol. Broadcast manager constants, documented in the Linux " +"documentation, are also defined in the socket module." +msgstr "" +"CAN 协议簇内的 CAN_BCM 是广播管理器（Bbroadcast Manager -- BCM）协议，广播管理器常量在 Linux " +"文档中有所记载，在本 socket 模块中也有定义。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The :data:`CAN_BCM_CAN_FD_FRAME` flag is only available on Linux >= 4.8." +msgstr ":data:`CAN_BCM_CAN_FD_FRAME` 旗标仅在 Linux >= 4.8 时可用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Enables CAN FD support in a CAN_RAW socket. This is disabled by default. " +"This allows your application to send both CAN and CAN FD frames; however, " +"you must accept both CAN and CAN FD frames when reading from the socket." +msgstr "" +"在 CAN_RAW 套接字中启用 CAN FD 支持，默认是禁用的。它使应用程序可以发送 CAN 和 CAN FD " +"帧。但是，从套接字读取时，也必须同时接受 CAN 和 CAN FD 帧。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:496 ../../library/socket.rst:507 +msgid "This constant is documented in the Linux documentation." +msgstr "此常量在 Linux 文档中有所记载。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:504 +msgid "" +"Joins the applied CAN filters such that only CAN frames that match all given" +" CAN filters are passed to user space." +msgstr "加入已应用的 CAN 过滤器，这样只有与所有 CAN 过滤器匹配的 CAN 帧才能传递到用户空间。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:515 +msgid "" +"CAN_ISOTP, in the CAN protocol family, is the ISO-TP (ISO 15765-2) protocol." +" ISO-TP constants, documented in the Linux documentation." +msgstr "" +"CAN 协议簇中的 CAN_ISOTP 就是 ISO-TP (ISO 15765-2) 协议。ISO-TP 常量在 Linux 文档中有所记载。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:524 +msgid "" +"CAN_J1939, in the CAN protocol family, is the SAE J1939 protocol. J1939 " +"constants, documented in the Linux documentation." +msgstr "CAN 协议族中的 CAN_J1939 即 SAE J1939 协议。 J1939 常量记录在 Linux 文档中。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:535 +msgid "" +"These two constants, documented in the FreeBSD divert(4) manual page, are " +"also defined in the socket module." +msgstr "这两个常量，记录在 FreeBSD divert(4) 手册页中，同样已在 socket 模块中定义。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:555 +msgid "" +":data:`!ETH_P_ALL` can be used in the :class:`~socket.socket` constructor as" +" *proto* for the :const:`AF_PACKET` family in order to capture every packet," +" regardless of protocol." +msgstr "" +":data:`!ETH_P_ALL` 可在 :class:`~socket.socket` 构造器中用作 :const:`AF_PACKET` 族的 " +"*proto* 以便捕获每个包，无论是使用什么协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:559 +msgid "For more information, see the :manpage:`packet(7)` manpage." +msgstr "要了解详情，请参阅 :manpage:`packet(7)` 手册页。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Constants for Windows' WSAIoctl(). The constants are used as arguments to " +"the :meth:`~socket.socket.ioctl` method of socket objects." +msgstr "" +"Windows 的 WSAIoctl() 的常量。这些常量用于套接字对象的 :meth:`~socket.socket.ioctl` 方法的参数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:587 ../../library/socket.rst:1611 +msgid "``SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH`` was added." +msgstr "添加了 ``SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:593 +msgid "" +"TIPC related constants, matching the ones exported by the C socket API. See " +"the TIPC documentation for more information." +msgstr "TIPC 相关常量，与 C socket API 导出的常量一致。更多信息请参阅 TIPC 文档。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:600 +msgid "Constants for Linux Kernel cryptography." +msgstr "用于 Linux 内核加密算法的常量。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:612 +msgid "Constants for Linux host/guest communication." +msgstr "用于 Linux 宿主机/虚拟机通讯的常量。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:626 +msgid "" +"This constant contains a boolean value which indicates if IPv6 is supported " +"on this platform." +msgstr "本常量为一个布尔值，该值指示当前平台是否支持 IPv6。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:632 +msgid "" +"These are string constants containing Bluetooth addresses with special " +"meanings. For example, :const:`BDADDR_ANY` can be used to indicate any " +"address when specifying the binding socket with :const:`BTPROTO_RFCOMM`." +msgstr "" +"这些是字符串常量，包含蓝牙地址，这些地址具有特殊含义。例如，当用 :const:`BTPROTO_RFCOMM` 指定绑定套接字时， " +":const:`BDADDR_ANY` 表示“任何地址”。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:641 +msgid "" +"For use with :const:`BTPROTO_HCI`. :const:`!HCI_FILTER` is only available on" +" Linux and FreeBSD. :const:`!HCI_TIME_STAMP` and :const:`!HCI_DATA_DIR` are " +"only available on Linux." +msgstr "" +"配合 :const:`BTPROTO_HCI` 使用。 :const:`!HCI_FILTER` 仅在 Linux 和 FreeBSD 上可用。 " +":const:`!HCI_TIME_STAMP` 和 :const:`!HCI_DATA_DIR` 仅在 Linux 上可用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:647 +msgid "" +"Constant for Qualcomm's IPC router protocol, used to communicate with " +"service providing remote processors." +msgstr "高通 IPC 路由协议的常数，用于与提供远程处理器的服务进行通信。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:656 +msgid "" +"LOCAL_CREDS and LOCAL_CREDS_PERSISTENT can be used with SOCK_DGRAM, " +"SOCK_STREAM sockets, equivalent to Linux/DragonFlyBSD SO_PASSCRED, while " +"LOCAL_CREDS sends the credentials at first read, LOCAL_CREDS_PERSISTENT " +"sends for each read, SCM_CREDS2 must be then used for the latter for the " +"message type." +msgstr "" +"LOCAL_CREDS 和 LOCAL_CREDS_PERSISTENT 可与 SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_STREAM 套接字一起使用，等价于 " +"Linux/DragonFlyBSD SO_PASSCRED，其中 LOCAL_CREDS " +"会在首次读取时发送凭证，LOCAL_CREDS_PERSISTENT 会在每次读取时发送，随后必须为后者使用 SCM_CREDS2 作为消息类型。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:669 +msgid "" +"Constant to optimize CPU locality, to be used in conjunction with " +":data:`SO_REUSEPORT`." +msgstr "用于优化 CPU 定位的常量，应与 :data:`SO_REUSEPORT` 配合使用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:689 +msgid "Constants for Windows Hyper-V sockets for host/guest communications." +msgstr "用于 Windows Hyper-V 宿主机/客户机通信的套接字的常量。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:702 +msgid "" +"`IEEE 802.3 protocol number " +"`_. " +"constants." +msgstr "" +"`IEEE 802.3 协议号 " +"`_ " +"常量。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:714 +msgid "" +"These constants are used by the :meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown` method of " +"socket objects." +msgstr "这些常量将由套接字对象的 :meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown` 方法使用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:719 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:722 +msgid "Creating sockets" +msgstr "创建套接字" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:724 +msgid "" +"The following functions all create :ref:`socket objects `." +msgstr "下列函数都能创建 :ref:`套接字对象 `." + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Create a new socket using the given address family, socket type and protocol" +" number. The address family should be :const:`AF_INET` (the default), " +":const:`AF_INET6`, :const:`AF_UNIX`, :const:`AF_CAN`, :const:`AF_PACKET`, or" +" :const:`AF_RDS`. The socket type should be :const:`SOCK_STREAM` (the " +"default), :const:`SOCK_DGRAM`, :const:`SOCK_RAW` or perhaps one of the other" +" ``SOCK_`` constants. The protocol number is usually zero and may be omitted" +" or in the case where the address family is :const:`AF_CAN` the protocol " +"should be one of :const:`CAN_RAW`, :const:`CAN_BCM`, :const:`CAN_ISOTP` or " +":const:`CAN_J1939`." +msgstr "" +"使用给定的地址族、套接字类型和协议号创建一个新的套接字。 地址族应为 :const:`AF_INET` (默认值), " +":const:`AF_INET6`, :const:`AF_UNIX`, :const:`AF_CAN`, :const:`AF_PACKET` 或 " +":const:`AF_RDS` 之一。 套接字类型应为 :const:`SOCK_STREAM` (默认值), :const:`SOCK_DGRAM`," +" :const:`SOCK_RAW` 或其他可能的 ``SOCK_`` 常量之一。 协议号通常为零并且可以省略，或在协议族为 " +":const:`AF_CAN` 的情况下，协议应为 :const:`CAN_RAW`, :const:`CAN_BCM`, " +":const:`CAN_ISOTP` 或 :const:`CAN_J1939` 之一。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:739 +msgid "" +"If *fileno* is specified, the values for *family*, *type*, and *proto* are " +"auto-detected from the specified file descriptor. Auto-detection can be " +"overruled by calling the function with explicit *family*, *type*, or *proto*" +" arguments. This only affects how Python represents e.g. the return value " +"of :meth:`socket.getpeername` but not the actual OS resource. Unlike " +":func:`socket.fromfd`, *fileno* will return the same socket and not a " +"duplicate. This may help close a detached socket using :meth:`socket.close`." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *fileno*，那么将从指定的文件描述符中自动检测 *family*, *type* 和 *proto* 的值。 " +"自动检测可被调用此函数时显式传入的 *family*, *type* 或 *proto* 参数所覆盖。 这只会影响 Python 表示诸如 " +":meth:`socket.getpeername` 函数的返回值的方式而不会影响实际的 OS 资源。 与 :func:`socket.fromfd` " +"不同，*fileno* 将返回同样的套接字而不是其副本。 这将有助于使用 :meth:`socket.close` 来关闭已分离的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:748 ../../library/socket.rst:894 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1430 ../../library/socket.rst:1524 +msgid "The newly created socket is :ref:`non-inheritable `." +msgstr "新创建的套接字是 :ref:`不可继承的 `。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:750 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.__new__`` with arguments" +" ``self``, ``family``, ``type``, ``protocol``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.__new__`` 并附带参数 ``self``, ``family``, " +"``type``, ``protocol``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:752 +msgid "The AF_CAN family was added. The AF_RDS family was added." +msgstr "添加了 AF_CAN 簇。添加了 AF_RDS 簇。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:756 +msgid "The CAN_BCM protocol was added." +msgstr "添加了 CAN_BCM 协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:759 ../../library/socket.rst:896 +msgid "The returned socket is now non-inheritable." +msgstr "返回的套接字现在是不可继承的。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:762 +msgid "The CAN_ISOTP protocol was added." +msgstr "添加了 CAN_ISOTP 协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:765 +msgid "" +"When :const:`SOCK_NONBLOCK` or :const:`SOCK_CLOEXEC` bit flags are applied " +"to *type* they are cleared, and :attr:`socket.type` will not reflect them. " +"They are still passed to the underlying system ``socket()`` call. " +"Therefore," +msgstr "" +"当将 :const:`SOCK_NONBLOCK` 或 :const:`SOCK_CLOEXEC` 旗标位应用于 *type* 时它们将被清除，且 " +":attr:`socket.type` 将不会反映它们。 它们仍然会被传递给底层的系统 ``socket()`` 调用。 因而，" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:773 +msgid "" +"sock = socket.socket(\n" +" socket.AF_INET,\n" +" socket.SOCK_STREAM | socket.SOCK_NONBLOCK)" +msgstr "" +"sock = socket.socket(\n" +" socket.AF_INET,\n" +" socket.SOCK_STREAM | socket.SOCK_NONBLOCK)" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:777 +msgid "" +"will still create a non-blocking socket on OSes that support " +"``SOCK_NONBLOCK``, but ``sock.type`` will be set to ``socket.SOCK_STREAM``." +msgstr "" +"仍将在支持 ``SOCK_NONBLOCK`` 的系统上创建一个非阻塞的套接字，但是 ``sock.type`` 会被置为 " +"``socket.SOCK_STREAM``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:781 +msgid "The CAN_J1939 protocol was added." +msgstr "添加了 CAN_J1939 协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:784 +msgid "The IPPROTO_MPTCP protocol was added." +msgstr "添加了 IPPROTO_MPTCP 协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:789 +msgid "" +"Build a pair of connected socket objects using the given address family, " +"socket type, and protocol number. Address family, socket type, and protocol" +" number are as for the :func:`~socket.socket` function above. The default " +"family is :const:`AF_UNIX` if defined on the platform; otherwise, the " +"default is :const:`AF_INET`." +msgstr "" +"使用给定的地址族、套接字类型和协议号构建一对已连接的套接字对象。 地址族、套接字类型和协议号与上述 :func:`~socket.socket` " +"函数中的相同。 默认地址族为定义于平台中的 :const:`AF_UNIX`；如未定义，则默认为 :const:`AF_INET`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:794 +msgid "The newly created sockets are :ref:`non-inheritable `." +msgstr "新创建的套接字都是 :ref:`不可继承的 `。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:796 +msgid "" +"The returned socket objects now support the whole socket API, rather than a " +"subset." +msgstr "现在，返回的套接字对象支持全部套接字 API，而不是全部 API 的一个子集。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:800 +msgid "The returned sockets are now non-inheritable." +msgstr "返回的套接字现在都是不可继承的。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:803 +msgid "Windows support added." +msgstr "添加了 Windows 支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Connect to a TCP service listening on the internet *address* (a 2-tuple " +"``(host, port)``), and return the socket object. This is a higher-level " +"function than :meth:`socket.connect`: if *host* is a non-numeric hostname, " +"it will try to resolve it for both :data:`AF_INET` and :data:`AF_INET6`, and" +" then try to connect to all possible addresses in turn until a connection " +"succeeds. This makes it easy to write clients that are compatible to both " +"IPv4 and IPv6." +msgstr "" +"连接到一个在互联网 *address* (以 ``(host, port)`` 2 元组表示) 上侦听的 TCP 服务，并返回套接字对象。 这是一个相比" +" :meth:`socket.connect` 层级更高的函数：如果 *host* 是非数字的主机名，它将尝试将其解析为 :data:`AF_INET`" +" 和 :data:`AF_INET6`，然后依次尝试连接到所有可能的地址直到连接成功。 这使编写兼容 IPv4 和 IPv6 的客户端变得很容易。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:817 +msgid "" +"Passing the optional *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket " +"instance before attempting to connect. If no *timeout* is supplied, the " +"global default timeout setting returned by :func:`getdefaulttimeout` is " +"used." +msgstr "" +"传入可选参数 *timeout* 可以在套接字实例上设置超时（在尝试连接前）。如果未提供 *timeout*，则使用由 " +":func:`getdefaulttimeout` 返回的全局默认超时设置。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:822 +msgid "" +"If supplied, *source_address* must be a 2-tuple ``(host, port)`` for the " +"socket to bind to as its source address before connecting. If host or port " +"are '' or 0 respectively the OS default behavior will be used." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了 *source_address*，它必须为二元组 ``(host, port)``，以便套接字在连接之前绑定为其源地址。如果 host 或 " +"port 分别为 '' 或 0，则使用操作系统默认行为。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:826 +msgid "" +"When a connection cannot be created, an exception is raised. By default, it " +"is the exception from the last address in the list. If *all_errors* is " +"``True``, it is an :exc:`ExceptionGroup` containing the errors of all " +"attempts." +msgstr "" +"当无法创建连接时，将会引发一个异常。 在默认情况下，它将是来自列表中最后一个地址的异常。 如果 *all_errors* 为 " +"``True``，它将是一个包含所有尝试错误的 :exc:`ExceptionGroup`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:831 +msgid "*source_address* was added." +msgstr "添加了*source_address* 参数" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:834 +msgid "*all_errors* was added." +msgstr "添加了 *all_errors*。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:840 +msgid "" +"Convenience function which creates a TCP socket bound to *address* (a " +"2-tuple ``(host, port)``) and returns the socket object." +msgstr "创建绑定到 *address* 的 TCP 套接字（一个 ``(host, port)`` 2 元组）并返回该套接字对象的便捷函数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:843 +msgid "" +"*family* should be either :data:`AF_INET` or :data:`AF_INET6`. *backlog* is " +"the queue size passed to :meth:`socket.listen`; if not specified , a default" +" reasonable value is chosen. *reuse_port* dictates whether to set the " +":data:`SO_REUSEPORT` socket option." +msgstr "" +"*family* 应当为 :data:`AF_INET` 或 :data:`AF_INET6`。 *backlog* 是传递给 " +":meth:`socket.listen` 的队列大小；当未指定时，将选择一个合理的默认值。 *reuse_port* 指定是否要设置 " +":data:`SO_REUSEPORT` 套接字选项。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:848 +msgid "" +"If *dualstack_ipv6* is true, *family* is :data:`AF_INET6` and the platform " +"supports it the socket will be able to accept both IPv4 and IPv6 " +"connections, else it will raise :exc:`ValueError`. Most POSIX platforms and " +"Windows are supposed to support this functionality. When this functionality " +"is enabled the address returned by :meth:`socket.getpeername` when an IPv4 " +"connection occurs will be an IPv6 address represented as an IPv4-mapped IPv6" +" address. If *dualstack_ipv6* is false it will explicitly disable this " +"functionality on platforms that enable it by default (e.g. Linux). This " +"parameter can be used in conjunction with :func:`has_dualstack_ipv6`:" +msgstr "" +"如果 *dualstack_ipv6* 为真值，*family* 为 :data:`AF_INET6` 并且平台支持则套接字将能同时接受 IPv4 和 " +"IPv6 连接，否则它将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 大多数 POSIX 平台和 Windows 都应该支持此功能。 当此功能被启用时 " +":meth:`socket.getpeername` 在进行 IPv4 连接时返回的将是一个被表示为映射到 IPv4 的 IPv6 地址的 IPv6 " +"地址。 如果 *dualstack_ipv6* 为假值则它将在默认启用此功能的平台上（例如 Linux）显式禁用此功能。 该形参可与 " +":func:`has_dualstack_ipv6` 结合使用：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:861 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"addr = (\"\", 8080) # all interfaces, port 8080\n" +"if socket.has_dualstack_ipv6():\n" +" s = socket.create_server(addr, family=socket.AF_INET6, dualstack_ipv6=True)\n" +"else:\n" +" s = socket.create_server(addr)" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"addr = (\"\", 8080) # 所有接口，端口 8080\n" +"if socket.has_dualstack_ipv6():\n" +" s = socket.create_server(addr, family=socket.AF_INET6, dualstack_ipv6=True)\n" +"else:\n" +" s = socket.create_server(addr)" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:870 +msgid "" +"On POSIX platforms the :data:`SO_REUSEADDR` socket option is set in order to" +" immediately reuse previous sockets which were bound on the same *address* " +"and remained in TIME_WAIT state." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 平台上，设置 :data:`SO_REUSEADDR` 套接字选项是为了立即重用以前绑定在同一 *address* 上并保持 " +"TIME_WAIT 状态的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:878 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the platform supports creating a TCP socket which can " +"handle both IPv4 and IPv6 connections." +msgstr "如果平台支持创建 IPv4 和 IPv6 连接都可以处理的 TCP 套接字，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:885 +msgid "" +"Duplicate the file descriptor *fd* (an integer as returned by a file " +"object's :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method) and build a socket object from " +"the result. Address family, socket type and protocol number are as for the " +":func:`~socket.socket` function above. The file descriptor should refer to a" +" socket, but this is not checked --- subsequent operations on the object may" +" fail if the file descriptor is invalid. This function is rarely needed, but" +" can be used to get or set socket options on a socket passed to a program as" +" standard input or output (such as a server started by the Unix inet " +"daemon). The socket is assumed to be in blocking mode." +msgstr "" +"复制文件描述符 *fd* (由文件对象的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法返回的整数) 并根据结果构建一个套接字对象。 " +"地址族、套接字类型和协议号与上述 :func:`~socket.socket` 函数中的相同。 文件描述符应指向一个套接字，但不会检查这一点 --- " +"如果文件描述符是无效的则对该对象的后续操作可能会失败。 本函数很少被用到，但在将套接字作为标准输入或输出传给给程序 (如 Unix inet " +"进程启动的服务器) 时可以用来获取或设置套接字选项。 套接字将被假定为阻塞模式。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:902 +msgid "" +"Instantiate a socket from data obtained from the :meth:`socket.share` " +"method. The socket is assumed to be in blocking mode." +msgstr "根据 :meth:`socket.share` 方法获得的数据实例化套接字。套接字将处于阻塞模式。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:912 +msgid "" +"This is a Python type object that represents the socket object type. It is " +"the same as ``type(socket(...))``." +msgstr "这是一个 Python 类型对象，表示套接字对象的类型。它等同于 ``type(socket(...))``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:917 +msgid "Other functions" +msgstr "其他功能" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:919 +msgid "The :mod:`socket` module also offers various network-related services:" +msgstr ":mod:`socket` 模块还提供多种网络相关服务：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:924 +msgid "" +"Close a socket file descriptor. This is like :func:`os.close`, but for " +"sockets. On some platforms (most noticeable Windows) :func:`os.close` does " +"not work for socket file descriptors." +msgstr "" +"关闭一个套接字文件描述符。它类似于 :func:`os.close`，但专用于套接字。在某些平台上（特别是在 Windows " +"上），:func:`os.close` 对套接字文件描述符无效。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:932 +msgid "" +"This function wraps the C function ``getaddrinfo`` of the underlying system." +msgstr "此函数对下层系统的 C 函数 ``getaddrinfo`` 进行了包装。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:934 +msgid "" +"Translate the *host*/*port* argument into a sequence of 5-tuples that " +"contain all the necessary arguments for creating a socket connected to that " +"service. *host* is a domain name, a string representation of an IPv4/v6 " +"address or ``None``. *port* is a string service name such as ``'http'``, a " +"numeric port number or ``None``. By passing ``None`` as the value of *host*" +" and *port*, you can pass ``NULL`` to the underlying C API." +msgstr "" +"将 *host*/*port* 参数转换为 5 元组的序列，其中包含创建（连接到某服务的）套接字所需的所有参数。*host* 是域名，是字符串格式的 " +"IPv4/v6 地址或 ``None``。*port* 是字符串格式的服务名称，如 ``'http'`` 、端口号（数字）或 ``None``。传入 " +"``None`` 作为 *host* 和 *port* 的值，相当于将 ``NULL`` 传递给底层 C API。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:941 +msgid "" +"The *family*, *type* and *proto* arguments can be optionally specified in " +"order to provide options and limit the list of addresses returned. Pass " +"their default values (:data:`AF_UNSPEC`, 0, and 0, respectively) to not " +"limit the results. See the note below for details." +msgstr "" +"可以选择指定 *family*, *type* 和 *proto* 参数以提供选项并对所返回的地址列表进行限制。 为其传入默认值（分别为 " +":data:`AF_UNSPEC`, 0 和 0）则不会对结果进行限制。 请参阅下面的注释了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:946 +msgid "" +"The *flags* argument can be one or several of the ``AI_*`` constants, and " +"will influence how results are computed and returned. For example, " +":const:`AI_NUMERICHOST` will disable domain name resolution and will raise " +"an error if *host* is a domain name." +msgstr "" +"*flags* 参数可以是 ``AI_*`` 常量中的一个或多个，并会影响结果的计算和返回。 例如，:const:`AI_NUMERICHOST` " +"将禁用域名解析并将在 *host* 为域名时引发错误。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:951 +msgid "The function returns a list of 5-tuples with the following structure:" +msgstr "本函数返回一个列表，其中的 5 元组具有以下结构：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:953 +msgid "``(family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)``" +msgstr "``(family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:955 +msgid "" +"In these tuples, *family*, *type*, *proto* are all integers and are meant to" +" be passed to the :func:`~socket.socket` function. *canonname* will be a " +"string representing the canonical name of the *host* if " +":const:`AI_CANONNAME` is part of the *flags* argument; else *canonname* will" +" be empty. *sockaddr* is a tuple describing a socket address, whose format " +"depends on the returned *family* (a ``(address, port)`` 2-tuple for " +":const:`AF_INET`, a ``(address, port, flowinfo, scope_id)`` 4-tuple for " +":const:`AF_INET6`), and is meant to be passed to the :meth:`socket.connect` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"在这些元组中，*family*, *type*, *proto* 都是整数且其作用是被传给 :func:`~socket.socket` 函数。 如果 " +":const:`AI_CANONNAME` 是 *flags* 参数的一部分则 *canonname* 将为表示 *host* 的规范名称的字符串；否则" +" *canonname* 将为空。 *sockaddr* 是一个描述套接字地址的元组，其具体格式取决于返回的 *family* (对于 " +":const:`AF_INET` 将为 ``(address, port)`` 2 元组，对于 :const:`AF_INET6` 将为 " +"``(address, port, flowinfo, scope_id)`` 4 元组)，其作用是被传给 :meth:`socket.connect`" +" 方法。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:967 +msgid "" +"If you intend to use results from :func:`!getaddrinfo` to create a socket " +"(rather than, for example, retrieve *canonname*), consider limiting the " +"results by *type* (e.g. :data:`SOCK_STREAM` or :data:`SOCK_DGRAM`) and/or " +"*proto* (e.g. :data:`IPPROTO_TCP` or :data:`IPPROTO_UDP`) that your " +"application can handle." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要使用来自 :func:`!getaddrinfo` 的结果创建套接字（而不是使用提取 *canonname* 等方式），可以考虑通过 " +"*type* (例如 :data:`SOCK_STREAM` 或 :data:`SOCK_DGRAM`) 和/或你的应用程序能处理的 *proto* " +"(例如 :data:`IPPROTO_TCP` 或 :data:`IPPROTO_UDP`) 来限制结果。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:973 +msgid "" +"The behavior with default values of *family*, *type*, *proto* and *flags* is" +" system-specific." +msgstr "对于 *family*, *type*, *proto* 和 *flags* 使用默认值时的行为取决于具体的系统。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:976 +msgid "" +"Many systems (for example, most Linux configurations) will return a sorted " +"list of all matching addresses. These addresses should generally be tried in" +" order until a connection succeeds (possibly tried in parallel, for example," +" using a `Happy Eyeballs`_ algorithm). In these cases, limiting the *type* " +"and/or *proto* can help eliminate unsuccessful or unusable connection " +"attempts." +msgstr "" +"许多系统（例如，大多数 Linux 配置）将返回一个由所有匹配的地址组成的已排序列表。 " +"这些地址通常应按顺序被尝试直到有一个连接成功（可能是并行尝试，例如使用 `Happy Eyeballs`_ 算法）。 在这些情况下，限制 *type* " +"和/或 *proto* 有助于消除不成功或不可用的连接尝试。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Some systems will, however, only return a single address. (For example, this" +" was reported on Solaris and AIX configurations.) On these systems, limiting" +" the *type* and/or *proto* helps ensure that this address is usable." +msgstr "" +"但是，某些系统将只返回一个地址。 （例如，在 Solaris 和 AIX 配置上即有报告此种情况。） 在这些系统上，限制 *type* 和/或 " +"*proto* 有助于确保此地址是可用的。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:988 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.getaddrinfo`` with " +"arguments ``host``, ``port``, ``family``, ``type``, ``protocol``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.getaddrinfo`` 并附带参数 ``host``, ``port``," +" ``family``, ``type``, ``protocol``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:990 +msgid "" +"The following example fetches address information for a hypothetical TCP " +"connection to ``example.org`` on port 80 (results may differ on your system " +"if IPv6 isn't enabled)::" +msgstr "" +"下面的示例获取了 TCP 连接地址信息，假设该连接通过 80 端口连接至 ``example.org`` （如果系统未启用 " +"IPv6，则结果可能会不同）::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:994 +msgid "" +">>> socket.getaddrinfo(\"example.org\", 80, proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP)\n" +"[(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM,\n" +" 6, '', ('2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946', 80, 0, 0)),\n" +" (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM,\n" +" 6, '', ('93.184.216.34', 80))]" +msgstr "" +">>> socket.getaddrinfo(\"example.org\", 80, proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP)\n" +"[(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM,\n" +" 6, '', ('2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946', 80, 0, 0)),\n" +" (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM,\n" +" 6, '', ('93.184.216.34', 80))]" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1000 +msgid "parameters can now be passed using keyword arguments." +msgstr "现在可以使用关键字参数的形式来传递参数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"for IPv6 multicast addresses, string representing an address will not " +"contain ``%scope_id`` part." +msgstr "对于 IPv6 多播地址，表示地址的字符串将不包含 ``%scope_id`` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1011 +msgid "" +"Return a fully qualified domain name for *name*. If *name* is omitted or " +"empty, it is interpreted as the local host. To find the fully qualified " +"name, the hostname returned by :func:`gethostbyaddr` is checked, followed by" +" aliases for the host, if available. The first name which includes a period" +" is selected. In case no fully qualified domain name is available and " +"*name* was provided, it is returned unchanged. If *name* was empty or equal" +" to ``'0.0.0.0'``, the hostname from :func:`gethostname` is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回 *name* 的完整限定域名。 如果 *name* 被省略或为空，则将其解读为本地主机。 要查找完整限定名称，将先检查 " +":func:`gethostbyaddr` 所返回的主机名，然后是主机的别名（如果存在）。 包括句点的第一个名称将会被选择。 " +"对于没有完整限定域名而提供了 *name* 的情况，则会将其原样返回。 如果 *name* 为空或等于 ``'0.0.0.0'``，则返回来自 " +":func:`gethostname` 的主机名。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"Translate a host name to IPv4 address format. The IPv4 address is returned " +"as a string, such as ``'100.50.200.5'``. If the host name is an IPv4 " +"address itself it is returned unchanged. See :func:`gethostbyname_ex` for a" +" more complete interface. :func:`gethostbyname` does not support IPv6 name " +"resolution, and :func:`getaddrinfo` should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual " +"stack support." +msgstr "" +"将主机名转换为 IPv4 地址格式。IPv4 地址以字符串格式返回，如 ``'100.50.200.5'``。如果主机名本身是 IPv4 " +"地址，则原样返回。更完整的接口请参考 :func:`gethostbyname_ex`。 :func:`gethostbyname` 不支持 IPv6 " +"名称解析，应使用 :func:`getaddrinfo` 来支持 IPv4/v6 双协议栈。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1028 ../../library/socket.rst:1044 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.gethostbyname`` with " +"argument ``hostname``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.gethostbyname`` 并附带参数 ``hostname``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1035 +msgid "" +"Translate a host name to IPv4 address format, extended interface. Return a " +"3-tuple ``(hostname, aliaslist, ipaddrlist)`` where *hostname* is the host's" +" primary host name, *aliaslist* is a (possibly empty) list of alternative " +"host names for the same address, and *ipaddrlist* is a list of IPv4 " +"addresses for the same interface on the same host (often but not always a " +"single address). :func:`gethostbyname_ex` does not support IPv6 name " +"resolution, and :func:`getaddrinfo` should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual " +"stack support." +msgstr "" +"将一个主机名转换为 IPv4 地址格式的扩展接口。 返回一个 3 元组 ``(hostname, aliaslist, ipaddrlist)`` 其中" +" *hostname* 是主机的首选主机名，*aliaslist* 是同一地址的备选主机名列表（可能为空），而 *ipaddrlist* " +"是同一主机上同一接口的 IPv4 地址列表（通常为单个地址但并不总是如此）。 :func:`gethostbyname_ex` 不支持 IPv6 " +"名称解析，应当改用 :func:`getaddrinfo` 来提供 IPv4/v6 双栈支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"Return a string containing the hostname of the machine where the Python " +"interpreter is currently executing." +msgstr "返回一个字符串，包含当前正在运行 Python 解释器的机器的主机名。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1054 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.gethostname`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.gethostname``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"Note: :func:`gethostname` doesn't always return the fully qualified domain " +"name; use :func:`getfqdn` for that." +msgstr "注意： :func:`gethostname` 并不总是返回全限定域名，必要的话请使用 :func:`getfqdn`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"Return a 3-tuple ``(hostname, aliaslist, ipaddrlist)`` where *hostname* is " +"the primary host name responding to the given *ip_address*, *aliaslist* is a" +" (possibly empty) list of alternative host names for the same address, and " +"*ipaddrlist* is a list of IPv4/v6 addresses for the same interface on the " +"same host (most likely containing only a single address). To find the fully " +"qualified domain name, use the function :func:`getfqdn`. " +":func:`gethostbyaddr` supports both IPv4 and IPv6." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 3 元组 ``(hostname, aliaslist, ipaddrlist)`` 其中 *hostname* 是响应给定 " +"*ip_address* 的首选主机名，*aliaslist* 是同一地址的备选主机名列表（可能为空），而 *ipaddrlist* " +"是同一主机上同一接口的 IPv4/v6 地址列表（很可能仅包含一个地址）。 要查询完整限定域名，请使用函数 :func:`getfqdn`。 " +":func:`gethostbyaddr` 同时支持 IPv4 和 IPv6。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1072 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.gethostbyaddr`` with " +"argument ``ip_address``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.gethostbyaddr`` 并附带参数 ``ip_address``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"Translate a socket address *sockaddr* into a 2-tuple ``(host, port)``. " +"Depending on the settings of *flags*, the result can contain a fully " +"qualified domain name or numeric address representation in *host*. " +"Similarly, *port* can contain a string port name or a numeric port number." +msgstr "" +"将套接字地址 *sockaddr* 转换为一个 2 元组 ``(host, port)``。 根据 *flags* 的设置，结果可能包含 *host* " +"中的完整限定域名或数字形式的地址。 类似地，*port* 可以包含字符串形式的端口名或数字形式的端口号。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"For IPv6 addresses, ``%scope_id`` is appended to the host part if *sockaddr*" +" contains meaningful *scope_id*. Usually this happens for multicast " +"addresses." +msgstr "" +"对于 IPv6 地址，如果 *sockaddr* 包含有意义的 *scope_id*，则 ``%scope_id`` 会被附加到主机部分。 " +"这种情况通常发生在多播地址上。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"For more information about *flags* you can consult " +":manpage:`getnameinfo(3)`." +msgstr "关于 *flags* 的更多信息可参阅 :manpage:`getnameinfo(3)`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.getnameinfo`` with " +"argument ``sockaddr``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.getnameinfo`` 并附带参数 ``sockaddr``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1096 +msgid "" +"Translate an internet protocol name (for example, ``'icmp'``) to a constant " +"suitable for passing as the (optional) third argument to the " +":func:`~socket.socket` function. This is usually only needed for sockets " +"opened in \"raw\" mode (:const:`SOCK_RAW`); for the normal socket modes, the" +" correct protocol is chosen automatically if the protocol is omitted or " +"zero." +msgstr "" +"将一个互联网协议名称 (如 ``'icmp'``) 转写为能被作为 (可选的) 第三个参数传给 :func:`~socket.socket` " +"函数的常量。 这通常仅对以 \"raw\" 模式 (:const:`SOCK_RAW`) " +"打开的套接字来说是必要的；对于正常的套接字模式，当协议名称被省略或为零时会自动选择正确的协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Translate an internet service name and protocol name to a port number for " +"that service. The optional protocol name, if given, should be ``'tcp'`` or " +"``'udp'``, otherwise any protocol will match." +msgstr "" +"将一个互联网服务名称和协议名称转换为该服务的端口号。 如果给出了可选的协议名称，它应为 ``'tcp'`` 或 " +"``'udp'``，否则将匹配任意的协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.getservbyname`` with " +"arguments ``servicename``, ``protocolname``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.getservbyname`` 并附带参数 ``servicename``, " +"``protocolname``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1118 +msgid "" +"Translate an internet port number and protocol name to a service name for " +"that service. The optional protocol name, if given, should be ``'tcp'`` or " +"``'udp'``, otherwise any protocol will match." +msgstr "" +"将一个互联网端口号和协议名称转换为该服务的服务名称。 如果给出了可选的协议名称，它应为 ``'tcp'`` 或 " +"``'udp'``，否则将匹配任意的协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.getservbyport`` with " +"arguments ``port``, ``protocolname``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.getservbyport`` 并附带参数 ``port``, " +"``protocolname``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1129 +msgid "" +"Convert 32-bit positive integers from network to host byte order. On " +"machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this " +"is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation." +msgstr "" +"将 32 位正整数从网络字节序转换为主机字节序。在主机字节序与网络字节序相同的计算机上，这是一个空操作。字节序不同将执行 4 字节交换操作。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"Convert 16-bit positive integers from network to host byte order. On " +"machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this " +"is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation." +msgstr "" +"将 16 位正整数从网络字节序转换为主机字节序。在主机字节序与网络字节序相同的计算机上，这是一个空操作。字节序不同将执行 2 字节交换操作。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1140 ../../library/socket.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"Raises :exc:`OverflowError` if *x* does not fit in a 16-bit unsigned " +"integer." +msgstr "如果 *x* 不能转为 16 位无符号整数则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"Convert 32-bit positive integers from host to network byte order. On " +"machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this " +"is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation." +msgstr "" +"将 32 位正整数从主机字节序转换为网络字节序。在主机字节序与网络字节序相同的计算机上，这是一个空操作。字节序不同将执行 4 字节交换操作。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"Convert 16-bit positive integers from host to network byte order. On " +"machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this " +"is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation." +msgstr "" +"将 16 位正整数从主机字节序转换为网络字节序。在主机字节序与网络字节序相同的计算机上，这是一个空操作。字节序不同将执行 2 字节交换操作。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"Convert an IPv4 address from dotted-quad string format (for example, " +"'123.45.67.89') to 32-bit packed binary format, as a bytes object four " +"characters in length. This is useful when conversing with a program that " +"uses the standard C library and needs objects of type :c:struct:`in_addr`, " +"which is the C type for the 32-bit packed binary this function returns." +msgstr "" +"将一个 IPv4 地址从以点号分为四段的字符串格式（例如 '123.45.67.89'）转换为 32 位的紧凑二进制格式，长度为四个字符的字节串对象。 " +"这在与使用标准 C 库并且需要 :c:struct:`in_addr` 类型对象的程序通信时很有用处，该类型就是此函数所返回的 32 位的紧凑二进制格式" +" C 类型。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1171 +msgid "" +":func:`inet_aton` also accepts strings with less than three dots; see the " +"Unix manual page :manpage:`inet(3)` for details." +msgstr ":func:`inet_aton` 也接受句点数少于三的字符串，详情请参阅 Unix 手册 :manpage:`inet(3)`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1174 +msgid "" +"If the IPv4 address string passed to this function is invalid, " +":exc:`OSError` will be raised. Note that exactly what is valid depends on " +"the underlying C implementation of :c:func:`inet_aton`." +msgstr "" +"如果传入本函数的 IPv4 地址字符串无效，则抛出 :exc:`OSError`。注意，具体什么样的地址有效取决于 " +":c:func:`inet_aton` 的底层 C 实现。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1178 +msgid "" +":func:`inet_aton` does not support IPv6, and :func:`inet_pton` should be " +"used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack support." +msgstr ":func:`inet_aton` 不支持 IPv6，在 IPv4/v6 双协议栈下应使用 :func:`inet_pton` 来代替。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"Convert a 32-bit packed IPv4 address (a :term:`bytes-like object` four bytes" +" in length) to its standard dotted-quad string representation (for example, " +"'123.45.67.89'). This is useful when conversing with a program that uses " +"the standard C library and needs objects of type :c:struct:`in_addr`, which " +"is the C type for the 32-bit packed binary data this function takes as an " +"argument." +msgstr "" +"将一个 32 位紧凑 IPv4 地址 (长度为四个字节的 :term:`bytes-like object`) 转换为标准的以点号四分段字符串表示形式 " +"(例如 '123.45.67.89')。 这在与使用标准 C 库并且需要 :c:struct:`in_addr` " +"类型对象的程序通信时很有用处，该类型就是此函数接受作为参数的 32 位的紧凑二进制格式 C 类型。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1191 +msgid "" +"If the byte sequence passed to this function is not exactly 4 bytes in " +"length, :exc:`OSError` will be raised. :func:`inet_ntoa` does not support " +"IPv6, and :func:`inet_ntop` should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack " +"support." +msgstr "" +"如果传入本函数的字节序列长度不是 4 个字节，则抛出 :exc:`OSError`。:func:`inet_ntoa` 不支持 IPv6，在 " +"IPv4/v6 双协议栈下应使用 :func:`inet_ntop` 来代替。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"Convert an IP address from its family-specific string format to a packed, " +"binary format. :func:`inet_pton` is useful when a library or network " +"protocol calls for an object of type :c:struct:`in_addr` (similar to " +":func:`inet_aton`) or :c:struct:`in6_addr`." +msgstr "" +"将基于特定地址族字符串格式的 IP 地址转换为紧凑的二进制格式。 :func:`inet_pton` 在一个库或网络协议需要 " +":c:struct:`in_addr` (类似于 :func:`inet_aton`) 或 :c:struct:`in6_addr` " +"类型的对象时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1207 +msgid "" +"Supported values for *address_family* are currently :const:`AF_INET` and " +":const:`AF_INET6`. If the IP address string *ip_string* is invalid, " +":exc:`OSError` will be raised. Note that exactly what is valid depends on " +"both the value of *address_family* and the underlying implementation of " +":c:func:`inet_pton`." +msgstr "" +"目前 *address_family* 支持 :const:`AF_INET` 和 :const:`AF_INET6`。如果 IP 地址字符串 " +"*ip_string* 无效，则抛出 :exc:`OSError`。注意，具体什么地址有效取决于 *address_family* 的值和 " +":c:func:`inet_pton` 的底层实现。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1215 ../../library/socket.rst:1235 +msgid "Windows support added" +msgstr "添加了 Windows 支持" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"Convert a packed IP address (a :term:`bytes-like object` of some number of " +"bytes) to its standard, family-specific string representation (for example, " +"``'7.10.0.5'`` or ``'5aef:2b::8'``). :func:`inet_ntop` is useful when a " +"library or network protocol returns an object of type :c:struct:`in_addr` " +"(similar to :func:`inet_ntoa`) or :c:struct:`in6_addr`." +msgstr "" +"将一个紧凑的 IP 地址 (长度为多个字节的 :term:`bytes-like object`) 转换为标准的基于特定地址族的字符串表示形式 (例如 " +"``'7.10.0.5'`` 或 ``'5aef:2b::8'``)。 :func:`inet_ntop` 在一个库或网络协议返回 " +":c:struct:`in_addr` (类似于 :func:`inet_ntoa`) 或 :c:struct:`in6_addr` " +"类型的对象时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1228 +msgid "" +"Supported values for *address_family* are currently :const:`AF_INET` and " +":const:`AF_INET6`. If the bytes object *packed_ip* is not the correct length" +" for the specified address family, :exc:`ValueError` will be raised. " +":exc:`OSError` is raised for errors from the call to :func:`inet_ntop`." +msgstr "" +"目前 *address_family* 支持 :const:`AF_INET` 和 :const:`AF_INET6`。如果字节对象 " +"*packed_ip* 与指定的地址簇长度不符，则抛出 :exc:`ValueError`。针对 :func:`inet_ntop` 调用的错误则抛出 " +":exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1250 +msgid "" +"Return the total length, without trailing padding, of an ancillary data item" +" with associated data of the given *length*. This value can often be used " +"as the buffer size for :meth:`~socket.recvmsg` to receive a single item of " +"ancillary data, but :rfc:`3542` requires portable applications to use " +":func:`CMSG_SPACE` and thus include space for padding, even when the item " +"will be the last in the buffer. Raises :exc:`OverflowError` if *length* is " +"outside the permissible range of values." +msgstr "" +"返回给定 *length* 所关联数据的辅助数据项的总长度（不带尾部填充）。此值通常用作 :meth:`~socket.recvmsg` " +"接收一个辅助数据项的缓冲区大小，但是 :rfc:`3542` 要求可移植应用程序使用 " +":func:`CMSG_SPACE`，以此将尾部填充的空间计入，即使该项在缓冲区的最后。如果 *length* 超出允许范围，则抛出 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1261 ../../library/socket.rst:1748 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1792 ../../library/socket.rst:1900 +msgid "Most Unix platforms." +msgstr "大多数 Unix 平台。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1268 +msgid "" +"Return the buffer size needed for :meth:`~socket.recvmsg` to receive an " +"ancillary data item with associated data of the given *length*, along with " +"any trailing padding. The buffer space needed to receive multiple items is " +"the sum of the :func:`CMSG_SPACE` values for their associated data lengths." +" Raises :exc:`OverflowError` if *length* is outside the permissible range " +"of values." +msgstr "" +"返回 :meth:`~socket.recvmsg` 所需的缓冲区大小，以接收给定 *length* " +"所关联数据的辅助数据项，带有尾部填充。接收多个项目所需的缓冲区空间是关联数据长度的 :func:`CMSG_SPACE` 值的总和。如果 " +"*length* 超出允许范围，则抛出 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1276 +msgid "" +"Note that some systems might support ancillary data without providing this " +"function. Also note that setting the buffer size using the results of this " +"function may not precisely limit the amount of ancillary data that can be " +"received, since additional data may be able to fit into the padding area." +msgstr "" +"请注意，某些系统可能支持辅助数据，但不提供本函数。还需注意，如果使用本函数的结果来设置缓冲区大小，可能无法精确限制可接收的辅助数据量，因为可能会有其他数据写入尾部填充区域。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1284 +msgid "most Unix platforms." +msgstr "大多数 Unix 平台。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1291 +msgid "" +"Return the default timeout in seconds (float) for new socket objects. A " +"value of ``None`` indicates that new socket objects have no timeout. When " +"the socket module is first imported, the default is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"返回用于新套接字对象的默认超时（以秒为单位的浮点数）。值 ``None`` 表示新套接字对象没有超时。首次导入 socket 模块时，默认值为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1298 +msgid "" +"Set the default timeout in seconds (float) for new socket objects. When the" +" socket module is first imported, the default is ``None``. See " +":meth:`~socket.settimeout` for possible values and their respective " +"meanings." +msgstr "" +"设置用于新套接字对象的默认超时（以秒为单位的浮点数）。首次导入 socket 模块时，默认值为 ``None``。可能的取值及其各自的含义请参阅 " +":meth:`~socket.settimeout`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"Set the machine's hostname to *name*. This will raise an :exc:`OSError` if " +"you don't have enough rights." +msgstr "将计算机的主机名设置为 *name*。如果权限不足将抛出 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1309 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.sethostname`` with " +"argument ``name``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.sethostname`` 并附带参数 ``name``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"Return a list of network interface information (index int, name string) " +"tuples. :exc:`OSError` if the system call fails." +msgstr "返回一个列表，包含网络接口（网卡）信息二元组（整数索引，名称字符串）。系统调用失败则抛出 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1326 ../../library/socket.rst:1353 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1370 +msgid "Windows support was added." +msgstr "添加了 Windows 支持。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"On Windows network interfaces have different names in different contexts " +"(all names are examples):" +msgstr "在 Windows 中网络接口在不同上下文中具有不同的名称（所有名称见对应示例）:" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1334 +msgid "UUID: ``{FB605B73-AAC2-49A6-9A2F-25416AEA0573}``" +msgstr "UUID: ``{FB605B73-AAC2-49A6-9A2F-25416AEA0573}``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1335 +msgid "name: ``ethernet_32770``" +msgstr "名称: ``ethernet_32770``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1336 +msgid "friendly name: ``vEthernet (nat)``" +msgstr "友好名称: ``vEthernet (nat)``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1337 +msgid "description: ``Hyper-V Virtual Ethernet Adapter``" +msgstr "描述: ``Hyper-V Virtual Ethernet Adapter``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"This function returns names of the second form from the list, " +"``ethernet_32770`` in this example case." +msgstr "此函数返回列表中第二种形式的名称，在此示例中为 ``ethernet_32770``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"Return a network interface index number corresponding to an interface name. " +":exc:`OSError` if no interface with the given name exists." +msgstr "返回网络接口名称相对应的索引号。如果没有所给名称的接口，则抛出 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1357 ../../library/socket.rst:1374 +msgid "\"Interface name\" is a name as documented in :func:`if_nameindex`." +msgstr "\"Interface name\" 为 :func:`if_nameindex` 中所描述的名称。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"Return a network interface name corresponding to an interface index number. " +":exc:`OSError` if no interface with the given index exists." +msgstr "返回网络接口索引号相对应的接口名称。如果没有所给索引号的接口，则抛出 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"Send the list of file descriptors *fds* over an :const:`AF_UNIX` socket " +"*sock*. The *fds* parameter is a sequence of file descriptors. Consult " +":meth:`~socket.sendmsg` for the documentation of these parameters." +msgstr "" +"将文件描述符列表 *fds* 通过一个 :const:`AF_UNIX` 套接字 *sock* 进行发送。 *fds* 形参是由文件描述符组成的序列。 " +"请查看 :meth:`~socket.sendmsg` 获取这些形参的文档说明。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1385 ../../library/socket.rst:1399 +msgid "" +"Unix platforms supporting :meth:`~socket.sendmsg` and :const:`SCM_RIGHTS` " +"mechanism." +msgstr "支持 :meth:`~socket.sendmsg` 和 :const:`SCM_RIGHTS` 机制的 Unix 平台。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"Receive up to *maxfds* file descriptors from an :const:`AF_UNIX` socket " +"*sock*. Return ``(msg, list(fds), flags, addr)``. Consult " +":meth:`~socket.recvmsg` for the documentation of these parameters." +msgstr "" +"接收至多 *maxfds* 个来自 :const:`AF_UNIX` 套接字 *sock* 的文件描述符。 返回 ``(msg, list(fds), " +"flags, addr)``。 请查看 :meth:`~socket.recvmsg` 获取这些形参的文档说明。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1406 +msgid "Any truncated integers at the end of the list of file descriptors." +msgstr "位于文件描述符列表末尾的任何被截断整数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1412 +msgid "Socket Objects" +msgstr "套接字对象" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1414 +msgid "" +"Socket objects have the following methods. Except for " +":meth:`~socket.makefile`, these correspond to Unix system calls applicable " +"to sockets." +msgstr "套接字对象具有以下方法。除了 :meth:`~socket.makefile`，其他都与套接字专用的 Unix 系统调用相对应。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1418 +msgid "" +"Support for the :term:`context manager` protocol was added. Exiting the " +"context manager is equivalent to calling :meth:`~socket.close`." +msgstr "" +"添加了对 :term:`上下文管理器 ` 协议的支持。退出上下文管理器与调用 " +":meth:`~socket.close` 等效。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1425 +msgid "" +"Accept a connection. The socket must be bound to an address and listening " +"for connections. The return value is a pair ``(conn, address)`` where *conn*" +" is a *new* socket object usable to send and receive data on the connection," +" and *address* is the address bound to the socket on the other end of the " +"connection." +msgstr "" +"接受一个连接。此 socket 必须绑定到一个地址上并且监听连接。返回值是一个 ``(conn, address)`` 对，其中 *conn* 是一个 " +"*新* 的套接字对象，用于在此连接上收发数据，*address* 是连接另一端的套接字所绑定的地址。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1432 ../../library/socket.rst:1526 +msgid "The socket is now non-inheritable." +msgstr "该套接字现在是不可继承的。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1435 ../../library/socket.rst:1661 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1675 ../../library/socket.rst:1752 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1825 ../../library/socket.rst:1844 +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1861 ../../library/socket.rst:1906 +msgid "" +"If the system call is interrupted and the signal handler does not raise an " +"exception, the method now retries the system call instead of raising an " +":exc:`InterruptedError` exception (see :pep:`475` for the rationale)." +msgstr "" +"如果系统调用被中断，但信号处理程序没有触发异常，此方法现在会重试系统调用，而不是触发 :exc:`InterruptedError` 异常 (原因详见 " +":pep:`475`)。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"Bind the socket to *address*. The socket must not already be bound. (The " +"format of *address* depends on the address family --- see above.)" +msgstr "将套接字绑定到 *address*。套接字必须尚未绑定。（ *address* 的格式取决于地址簇 —— 参见上文）" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1446 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.bind`` with arguments " +"``self``, ``address``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.bind`` 并附带参数 ``self``、``address``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1453 +msgid "" +"Mark the socket closed. The underlying system resource (e.g. a file " +"descriptor) is also closed when all file objects from :meth:`makefile` are " +"closed. Once that happens, all future operations on the socket object will " +"fail. The remote end will receive no more data (after queued data is " +"flushed)." +msgstr "" +"将套接字标记为已关闭。 底层的系统资源（例如文件描述符）也将在 :meth:`makefile` 创建的所有文件对象关闭时被关闭。 " +"一旦上述情况发生，将来对该套接字对象的所有操作都将失败。 远端将不会接收到新的数据（在队列中的数据被清空之后）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1459 +msgid "" +"Sockets are automatically closed when they are garbage-collected, but it is " +"recommended to :meth:`close` them explicitly, or to use a :keyword:`with` " +"statement around them." +msgstr "垃圾回收时，套接字会自动关闭，但建议显式 :meth:`close` 它们，或在它们周围使用 :keyword:`with` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1463 +msgid "" +":exc:`OSError` is now raised if an error occurs when the underlying " +":c:func:`close` call is made." +msgstr "现在，如果底层的 :c:func:`close` 调用出错，会抛出 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1469 +msgid "" +":meth:`close` releases the resource associated with a connection but does " +"not necessarily close the connection immediately. If you want to close the " +"connection in a timely fashion, call :meth:`shutdown` before :meth:`close`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`close` 会释放与连接相关联的资源但不一定立即关闭连接。 如果你想要及时关闭连接，请在 :meth:`close` 之前调用 " +":meth:`shutdown`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"Connect to a remote socket at *address*. (The format of *address* depends on" +" the address family --- see above.)" +msgstr "连接到 *address* 处的远程套接字。（ *address* 的格式取决于地址簇 —— 参见上文）" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1480 +msgid "" +"If the connection is interrupted by a signal, the method waits until the " +"connection completes, or raise a :exc:`TimeoutError` on timeout, if the " +"signal handler doesn't raise an exception and the socket is blocking or has " +"a timeout. For non-blocking sockets, the method raises an " +":exc:`InterruptedError` exception if the connection is interrupted by a " +"signal (or the exception raised by the signal handler)." +msgstr "" +"如果连接被信号中断，则本方法将等待直至连接完成，或者如果信号处理器未引发异常并且套接字被阻塞或已超时则会在超时后引发 " +":exc:`TimeoutError`。 对于非阻塞型套接字，如果连接被信号中断则本方法将引发 :exc:`InterruptedError` " +"异常（或信号处理器所引发的异常）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1487 ../../library/socket.rst:1507 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.connect`` with arguments" +" ``self``, ``address``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.connect`` 并附带参数 ``self``、``address``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"The method now waits until the connection completes instead of raising an " +":exc:`InterruptedError` exception if the connection is interrupted by a " +"signal, the signal handler doesn't raise an exception and the socket is " +"blocking or has a timeout (see the :pep:`475` for the rationale)." +msgstr "" +"本方法现在将等待，直到连接完成，而不是在以下情况抛出 :exc:`InterruptedError` " +"异常。该情况为，连接被信号中断，信号处理程序未抛出异常，且套接字阻塞中或已超时（具体解释请参阅 :pep:`475` ）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1500 +msgid "" +"Like ``connect(address)``, but return an error indicator instead of raising " +"an exception for errors returned by the C-level :c:func:`connect` call " +"(other problems, such as \"host not found,\" can still raise exceptions). " +"The error indicator is ``0`` if the operation succeeded, otherwise the value" +" of the :c:data:`errno` variable. This is useful to support, for example, " +"asynchronous connects." +msgstr "" +"类似于 ``connect(address)``，但是对于 C 级别的 :c:func:`connect` " +"调用返回的错误，本函数将返回错误指示器，而不是抛出异常（对于其他问题，如“找不到主机”，仍然可以抛出异常）。如果操作成功，则错误指示器为 " +"``0``，否则为 :c:data:`errno` 变量的值。这对支持如异步连接很有用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"Put the socket object into closed state without actually closing the " +"underlying file descriptor. The file descriptor is returned, and can be " +"reused for other purposes." +msgstr "将套接字对象置于关闭状态，而底层的文件描述符实际并不关闭。返回该文件描述符，使其可以重新用于其他目的。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1522 +msgid "Duplicate the socket." +msgstr "创建套接字的副本。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"Return the socket's file descriptor (a small integer), or -1 on failure. " +"This is useful with :func:`select.select`." +msgstr "返回套接字的文件描述符（一个小整数），失败返回 -1。配合 :func:`select.select` 使用很有用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1537 +msgid "" +"Under Windows the small integer returned by this method cannot be used where" +" a file descriptor can be used (such as :func:`os.fdopen`). Unix does not " +"have this limitation." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 下，此方法返回的小整数在允许使用文件描述符的地方无法使用（如 :func:`os.fdopen` ）。Unix 无此限制。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1543 +msgid "" +"Get the :ref:`inheritable flag ` of the socket's file " +"descriptor or socket's handle: ``True`` if the socket can be inherited in " +"child processes, ``False`` if it cannot." +msgstr "" +"获取套接字文件描述符或套接字句柄的 :ref:`可继承标志 ` ：如果子进程可以继承套接字则为 ``True``，否则为" +" ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1552 +msgid "" +"Return the remote address to which the socket is connected. This is useful " +"to find out the port number of a remote IPv4/v6 socket, for instance. (The " +"format of the address returned depends on the address family --- see above.)" +" On some systems this function is not supported." +msgstr "" +"返回套接字连接到的远程地址。举例而言，这可以用于查找远程 IPv4/v6 套接字的端口号。（返回的地址格式取决于地址簇 —— " +"参见上文。）部分系统不支持此函数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"Return the socket's own address. This is useful to find out the port number" +" of an IPv4/v6 socket, for instance. (The format of the address returned " +"depends on the address family --- see above.)" +msgstr "返回套接字本身的地址。举例而言，这可以用于查找 IPv4/v6 套接字的端口号。（返回的地址格式取决于地址簇 —— 参见上文。）" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1567 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the given socket option (see the Unix man page " +":manpage:`getsockopt(2)`). The needed symbolic constants (:ref:`SO_\\* etc." +" `) are defined in this module. If *buflen* is " +"absent, an integer option is assumed and its integer value is returned by " +"the function. If *buflen* is present, it specifies the maximum length of " +"the buffer used to receive the option in, and this buffer is returned as a " +"bytes object. It is up to the caller to decode the contents of the buffer " +"(see the optional built-in module :mod:`struct` for a way to decode C " +"structures encoded as byte strings)." +msgstr "" +"返回给定套接字选项的值 (参见 Unix 手册页 :manpage:`getsockopt(2)`)。 所需的符号常量 (:ref:`SO_\\* 等 " +"`) 在本模块中定义。 如果未指定 *buflen*，则会假定该选项为整数值并且将由此函数返回其整数值。 " +"如果指定了 *buflen*，则它定义了用于存放选项值的缓冲区的最大长度，且该缓冲区将作为字节对象返回。 " +"调用方需要执行对缓冲区内容的解码（请参阅可选的内置模块 :mod:`struct` 了解如何对编码为字节串的 C 结构体进行解码）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1581 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if socket is in blocking mode, ``False`` if in non-blocking." +msgstr "如果套接字处于阻塞模式，返回 ``True``，非阻塞模式返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1584 +msgid "This is equivalent to checking ``socket.gettimeout() != 0``." +msgstr "这等价于检测 ``socket.gettimeout() != 0``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1591 +msgid "" +"Return the timeout in seconds (float) associated with socket operations, or " +"``None`` if no timeout is set. This reflects the last call to " +":meth:`setblocking` or :meth:`settimeout`." +msgstr "" +"返回套接字操作相关的超时秒数（浮点数），未设置超时则返回 ``None``。它反映最后一次调用 :meth:`setblocking` 或 " +":meth:`settimeout` 后的设置。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:0 +msgid "platform" +msgstr "平台" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1598 +msgid "Windows" +msgstr "Windows" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1600 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`ioctl` method is a limited interface to the WSAIoctl system " +"interface. Please refer to the `Win32 documentation " +"`_ for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +":meth:`ioctl` 方法是 WSAIoctl 系统接口的有限接口。请参考 `Win32 文档 " +"`_ " +"以获取更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"On other platforms, the generic :func:`fcntl.fcntl` and :func:`fcntl.ioctl` " +"functions may be used; they accept a socket object as their first argument." +msgstr "" +"在其他平台上，可以使用通用的 :func:`fcntl.fcntl` 和 :func:`fcntl.ioctl` " +"函数，它们接受套接字对象作为第一个参数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"Currently only the following control codes are supported: ``SIO_RCVALL``, " +"``SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS``, and ``SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH``." +msgstr "" +"当前仅支持以下控制码： ``SIO_RCVALL``、``SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS`` 和 " +"``SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1616 +msgid "" +"Enable a server to accept connections. If *backlog* is specified, it must " +"be at least 0 (if it is lower, it is set to 0); it specifies the number of " +"unaccepted connections that the system will allow before refusing new " +"connections. If not specified, a default reasonable value is chosen." +msgstr "" +"启动一个服务器用于接受连接。如果指定 *backlog*，则它最低为 0（小于 0 会被置为 0），它指定系统允许暂未 accept " +"的连接数，超过后将拒绝新连接。未指定则自动设为合理的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1623 +msgid "The *backlog* parameter is now optional." +msgstr "*backlog* 参数现在是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1632 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`file object` associated with the socket. The exact returned" +" type depends on the arguments given to :meth:`makefile`. These arguments " +"are interpreted the same way as by the built-in :func:`open` function, " +"except the only supported *mode* values are ``'r'`` (default), ``'w'``, " +"``'b'``, or a combination of those." +msgstr "" +"返回一个与套接字相关联的 :term:`file object`。 返回对象的具体类型取决于传给 :meth:`makefile` 的参数。 " +"这些参数的解读方式与内置的 :func:`open` 函数相同，区别在于 *mode* 值仅支持 ``'r'`` (默认), ``'w'``, " +"``'b'`` 或它们的组合。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1638 +msgid "" +"The socket must be in blocking mode; it can have a timeout, but the file " +"object's internal buffer may end up in an inconsistent state if a timeout " +"occurs." +msgstr "套接字必须处于阻塞模式，它可以有超时，但是如果发生超时，文件对象的内部缓冲区可能会以不一致的状态结尾。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1642 +msgid "" +"Closing the file object returned by :meth:`makefile` won't close the " +"original socket unless all other file objects have been closed and " +":meth:`socket.close` has been called on the socket object." +msgstr "" +"关闭 :meth:`makefile` 返回的文件对象不会关闭原始套接字，除非所有其他文件对象都已关闭且在套接字对象上调用了 " +":meth:`socket.close`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1648 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the file-like object created by :meth:`makefile` cannot be used " +"where a file object with a file descriptor is expected, such as the stream " +"arguments of :meth:`subprocess.Popen`." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，由 :meth:`makefile` 创建的文件型对象无法作为带文件描述符的文件对象使用，如无法作为 " +":meth:`subprocess.Popen` 的流参数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1655 +msgid "" +"Receive data from the socket. The return value is a bytes object " +"representing the data received. The maximum amount of data to be received " +"at once is specified by *bufsize*. A returned empty bytes object indicates " +"that the client has disconnected. See the Unix manual page " +":manpage:`recv(2)` for the meaning of the optional argument *flags*; it " +"defaults to zero." +msgstr "" +"从套接字接收数据。 返回值是一个代表所接收数据的字节串对象。 可一次性接收的最大数据量由 *bufsize* 指定。 " +"返回空字节串对象表示客户端已断开连接。 请参阅 Unix 手册页 :manpage:`recv(2)` 了解可选参数 *flags* " +"的含义；它默认为零。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1669 +msgid "" +"Receive data from the socket. The return value is a pair ``(bytes, " +"address)`` where *bytes* is a bytes object representing the data received " +"and *address* is the address of the socket sending the data. See the Unix " +"manual page :manpage:`recv(2)` for the meaning of the optional argument " +"*flags*; it defaults to zero. (The format of *address* depends on the " +"address family --- see above.)" +msgstr "" +"从套接字接收数据。返回值是一对 ``(bytes, address)``，其中 *bytes* 是字节对象，表示接收到的数据，*address* " +"是发送端套接字的地址。可选参数 *flags* 的含义请参阅 Unix 手册页 :manpage:`recv(2)`，它默认为零。（ *address*" +" 的格式取决于地址簇 —— 参见上文）" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1680 +msgid "" +"For multicast IPv6 address, first item of *address* does not contain " +"``%scope_id`` part anymore. In order to get full IPv6 address use " +":func:`getnameinfo`." +msgstr "" +"对于多播 IPv6 地址，*address* 的第一项不会再包含 ``%scope_id`` 部分。 要获得完整的 IPv6 地址请使用 " +":func:`getnameinfo`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1687 +msgid "" +"Receive normal data (up to *bufsize* bytes) and ancillary data from the " +"socket. The *ancbufsize* argument sets the size in bytes of the internal " +"buffer used to receive the ancillary data; it defaults to 0, meaning that no" +" ancillary data will be received. Appropriate buffer sizes for ancillary " +"data can be calculated using :func:`CMSG_SPACE` or :func:`CMSG_LEN`, and " +"items which do not fit into the buffer might be truncated or discarded. The" +" *flags* argument defaults to 0 and has the same meaning as for " +":meth:`recv`." +msgstr "" +"从套接字接收普通数据（至多 *bufsize* 字节）和辅助数据。*ancbufsize* " +"参数设置用于接收辅助数据的内部缓冲区的大小（以字节为单位），默认为 0，表示不接收辅助数据。可以使用 :func:`CMSG_SPACE` 或 " +":func:`CMSG_LEN` 计算辅助数据缓冲区的合适大小，无法放入缓冲区的项目可能会被截断或丢弃。*flags* 参数默认为 0，其含义与 " +":meth:`recv` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1697 +msgid "" +"The return value is a 4-tuple: ``(data, ancdata, msg_flags, address)``. The" +" *data* item is a :class:`bytes` object holding the non-ancillary data " +"received. The *ancdata* item is a list of zero or more tuples " +"``(cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data)`` representing the ancillary data " +"(control messages) received: *cmsg_level* and *cmsg_type* are integers " +"specifying the protocol level and protocol-specific type respectively, and " +"*cmsg_data* is a :class:`bytes` object holding the associated data. The " +"*msg_flags* item is the bitwise OR of various flags indicating conditions on" +" the received message; see your system documentation for details. If the " +"receiving socket is unconnected, *address* is the address of the sending " +"socket, if available; otherwise, its value is unspecified." +msgstr "" +"返回值是一个四元组： ``(data, ancdata, msg_flags, address)``。*data* 项是一个 " +":class:`bytes` 对象，用于保存接收到的非辅助数据。*ancdata* 项是零个或多个元组 ``(cmsg_level, " +"cmsg_type, cmsg_data)`` 组成的列表，表示接收到的辅助数据（控制消息）：*cmsg_level* 和 *cmsg_type* " +"是分别表示协议级别和协议类型的整数，而 *cmsg_data* 是保存相关数据的 :class:`bytes` 对象。*msg_flags* " +"项由各种标志按位或组成，表示接收消息的情况，详细信息请参阅系统文档。如果接收端套接字断开连接，则 *address* " +"是发送端套接字的地址（如果有），否则该值无指定。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1711 +msgid "" +"On some systems, :meth:`sendmsg` and :meth:`recvmsg` can be used to pass " +"file descriptors between processes over an :const:`AF_UNIX` socket. When " +"this facility is used (it is often restricted to :const:`SOCK_STREAM` " +"sockets), :meth:`recvmsg` will return, in its ancillary data, items of the " +"form ``(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, fds)``, where *fds* is a " +":class:`bytes` object representing the new file descriptors as a binary " +"array of the native C :c:expr:`int` type. If :meth:`recvmsg` raises an " +"exception after the system call returns, it will first attempt to close any " +"file descriptors received via this mechanism." +msgstr "" +"在某些系统上，可以使用 :meth:`sendmsg` 和 :meth:`recvmsg` 通过 :const:`AF_UNIX` " +"套接字在进程之间传递文件描述符。 当使用此功能时 (通常仅限于 :const:`SOCK_STREAM` 套接字), :meth:`recvmsg` " +"将在其附带数据中返回 ``(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, fds)`` 形式的项，其中 *fds* " +"是一个代表新文件描述符的原生as a binary array of the native C :c:expr:`int` 类型的二进制数组形式的 " +":class:`bytes` 对象。 如果 :meth:`recvmsg` " +"在系统调用返回后引发了异常，它将首先尝试关闭通过此机制接收到的任何文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"Some systems do not indicate the truncated length of ancillary data items " +"which have been only partially received. If an item appears to extend " +"beyond the end of the buffer, :meth:`recvmsg` will issue a " +":exc:`RuntimeWarning`, and will return the part of it which is inside the " +"buffer provided it has not been truncated before the start of its associated" +" data." +msgstr "" +"对于仅接收到一部分的辅助数据项，一些系统没有指示其截断长度。如果某个项目可能超出了缓冲区的末尾，:meth:`recvmsg` 将发出 " +":exc:`RuntimeWarning`，并返回其在缓冲区内的部分，前提是该对象被截断于关联数据开始后。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1729 +msgid "" +"On systems which support the :const:`SCM_RIGHTS` mechanism, the following " +"function will receive up to *maxfds* file descriptors, returning the message" +" data and a list containing the descriptors (while ignoring unexpected " +"conditions such as unrelated control messages being received). See also " +":meth:`sendmsg`. ::" +msgstr "" +"在支持 :const:`SCM_RIGHTS` 机制的系统上，下方的函数将最多接收 *maxfds* " +"个文件描述符，返回消息数据和包含描述符的列表（同时忽略意外情况，如接收到无关的控制消息）。另请参阅 :meth:`sendmsg`。 ::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1735 +msgid "" +"import socket, array\n" +"\n" +"def recv_fds(sock, msglen, maxfds):\n" +" fds = array.array(\"i\") # Array of ints\n" +" msg, ancdata, flags, addr = sock.recvmsg(msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize))\n" +" for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:\n" +" if cmsg_level == socket.SOL_SOCKET and cmsg_type == socket.SCM_RIGHTS:\n" +" # Append data, ignoring any truncated integers at the end.\n" +" fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[:len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])\n" +" return msg, list(fds)" +msgstr "" +"import socket, array\n" +"\n" +"def recv_fds(sock, msglen, maxfds):\n" +" fds = array.array(\"i\") # 整数数组\n" +" msg, ancdata, flags, addr = sock.recvmsg(msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize))\n" +" for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:\n" +" if cmsg_level == socket.SOL_SOCKET and cmsg_type == socket.SCM_RIGHTS:\n" +" # 添加数据，忽略任何在末尾被截断的整数。\n" +" fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[:len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])\n" +" return msg, list(fds)" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1760 +msgid "" +"Receive normal data and ancillary data from the socket, behaving as " +":meth:`recvmsg` would, but scatter the non-ancillary data into a series of " +"buffers instead of returning a new bytes object. The *buffers* argument " +"must be an iterable of objects that export writable buffers (e.g. " +":class:`bytearray` objects); these will be filled with successive chunks of " +"the non-ancillary data until it has all been written or there are no more " +"buffers. The operating system may set a limit (:func:`~os.sysconf` value " +"``SC_IOV_MAX``) on the number of buffers that can be used. The *ancbufsize*" +" and *flags* arguments have the same meaning as for :meth:`recvmsg`." +msgstr "" +"从套接字接收普通数据和辅助数据，其行为与 :meth:`recvmsg` " +"相同，但将非辅助数据分散到一系列缓冲区中，而不是返回新的字节对象。*buffers* 参数必须是可迭代对象，它迭代出可供写入的缓冲区（如 " +":class:`bytearray` " +"对象），这些缓冲区将被连续的非辅助数据块填充，直到数据全部写完或缓冲区用完为止。在允许使用的缓冲区数量上，操作系统可能会有限制（ " +":func:`~os.sysconf` 的 ``SC_IOV_MAX`` 值）。*ancbufsize* 和 *flags* 参数的含义与 " +":meth:`recvmsg` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1771 +msgid "" +"The return value is a 4-tuple: ``(nbytes, ancdata, msg_flags, address)``, " +"where *nbytes* is the total number of bytes of non-ancillary data written " +"into the buffers, and *ancdata*, *msg_flags* and *address* are the same as " +"for :meth:`recvmsg`." +msgstr "" +"返回值为四元组： ``(nbytes, ancdata, msg_flags, address)``，其中 *nbytes* " +"是写入缓冲区的非辅助数据的字节总数，而 *ancdata*、*msg_flags* 和 *address* 与 :meth:`recvmsg` " +"中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1776 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1778 +msgid "" +">>> import socket\n" +">>> s1, s2 = socket.socketpair()\n" +">>> b1 = bytearray(b'----')\n" +">>> b2 = bytearray(b'0123456789')\n" +">>> b3 = bytearray(b'--------------')\n" +">>> s1.send(b'Mary had a little lamb')\n" +"22\n" +">>> s2.recvmsg_into([b1, memoryview(b2)[2:9], b3])\n" +"(22, [], 0, None)\n" +">>> [b1, b2, b3]\n" +"[bytearray(b'Mary'), bytearray(b'01 had a 9'), bytearray(b'little lamb---')]" +msgstr "" +">>> import socket\n" +">>> s1, s2 = socket.socketpair()\n" +">>> b1 = bytearray(b'----')\n" +">>> b2 = bytearray(b'0123456789')\n" +">>> b3 = bytearray(b'--------------')\n" +">>> s1.send(b'Mary had a little lamb')\n" +"22\n" +">>> s2.recvmsg_into([b1, memoryview(b2)[2:9], b3])\n" +"(22, [], 0, None)\n" +">>> [b1, b2, b3]\n" +"[bytearray(b'Mary'), bytearray(b'01 had a 9'), bytearray(b'little lamb---')]" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"Receive data from the socket, writing it into *buffer* instead of creating a" +" new bytestring. The return value is a pair ``(nbytes, address)`` where " +"*nbytes* is the number of bytes received and *address* is the address of the" +" socket sending the data. See the Unix manual page :manpage:`recv(2)` for " +"the meaning of the optional argument *flags*; it defaults to zero. (The " +"format of *address* depends on the address family --- see above.)" +msgstr "" +"从套接字接收数据，将其写入 *buffer* 而不是创建新的字节串。返回值是一对 ``(nbytes, address)``，其中 *nbytes* " +"是收到的字节数，*address* 是发送端套接字的地址。可选参数 *flags* 的含义请参阅 Unix 手册页 " +":manpage:`recv(2)`，它默认为零。（ *address* 的格式取决于地址簇 —— 参见上文）" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"Receive up to *nbytes* bytes from the socket, storing the data into a buffer" +" rather than creating a new bytestring. If *nbytes* is not specified (or " +"0), receive up to the size available in the given buffer. Returns the " +"number of bytes received. See the Unix manual page :manpage:`recv(2)` for " +"the meaning of the optional argument *flags*; it defaults to zero." +msgstr "" +"从套接字接收至多 *nbytes* 个字节，将其写入缓冲区而不是创建新的字节串。如果 *nbytes* 未指定（或指定为 " +"0），则接收至所给缓冲区的最大可用大小。返回接收到的字节数。可选参数 *flags* 的含义请参阅 Unix 手册页 " +":manpage:`recv(2)`，它默认为零。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1818 +msgid "" +"Send data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote socket. " +"The optional *flags* argument has the same meaning as for :meth:`recv` " +"above. Returns the number of bytes sent. Applications are responsible for " +"checking that all data has been sent; if only some of the data was " +"transmitted, the application needs to attempt delivery of the remaining " +"data. For further information on this topic, consult the :ref:`socket-" +"howto`." +msgstr "" +"发送数据给套接字。本套接字必须已连接到远程套接字。可选参数 *flags* 的含义与上述 :meth:`recv` " +"中的相同。本方法返回已发送的字节数。应用程序要负责检查所有数据是否已发送，如果仅传输了部分数据，程序需要自行尝试传输其余数据。有关该主题的更多信息，请参考" +" :ref:`socket-howto`。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1833 +msgid "" +"Send data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote socket. " +"The optional *flags* argument has the same meaning as for :meth:`recv` " +"above. Unlike :meth:`send`, this method continues to send data from *bytes* " +"until either all data has been sent or an error occurs. ``None`` is " +"returned on success. On error, an exception is raised, and there is no way " +"to determine how much data, if any, was successfully sent." +msgstr "" +"发送数据给套接字。本套接字必须已连接到远程套接字。可选参数 *flags* 的含义与上述 :meth:`recv` 中的相同。与 " +":meth:`send` 不同，本方法持续从 *bytes* 发送数据，直到所有数据都已发送或发生错误为止。成功后会返回 " +"``None``。出错后会抛出一个异常，此时并没有办法确定成功发送了多少数据。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"The socket timeout is no longer reset each time data is sent successfully. " +"The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration to send all data." +msgstr "每次成员发送数据后，套接字超时将不再重置。 目前的套接字超时是发送所有数据的最大总持续时间。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1853 +msgid "" +"Send data to the socket. The socket should not be connected to a remote " +"socket, since the destination socket is specified by *address*. The " +"optional *flags* argument has the same meaning as for :meth:`recv` above. " +"Return the number of bytes sent. (The format of *address* depends on the " +"address family --- see above.)" +msgstr "" +"发送数据给套接字。本套接字不应连接到远程套接字，而应由 *address* 指定目标套接字。可选参数 *flags* 的含义与上述 " +":meth:`recv` 中的相同。本方法返回已发送的字节数。（ *address* 的格式取决于地址簇 —— 参见上文。）" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1859 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.sendto`` with arguments " +"``self``, ``address``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.sendto`` 并附带参数 ``self``, ``address``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1869 +msgid "" +"Send normal and ancillary data to the socket, gathering the non-ancillary " +"data from a series of buffers and concatenating it into a single message. " +"The *buffers* argument specifies the non-ancillary data as an iterable of " +":term:`bytes-like objects ` (e.g. :class:`bytes` " +"objects); the operating system may set a limit (:func:`~os.sysconf` value " +"``SC_IOV_MAX``) on the number of buffers that can be used. The *ancdata* " +"argument specifies the ancillary data (control messages) as an iterable of " +"zero or more tuples ``(cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data)``, where " +"*cmsg_level* and *cmsg_type* are integers specifying the protocol level and " +"protocol-specific type respectively, and *cmsg_data* is a bytes-like object " +"holding the associated data. Note that some systems (in particular, systems" +" without :func:`CMSG_SPACE`) might support sending only one control message " +"per call. The *flags* argument defaults to 0 and has the same meaning as " +"for :meth:`send`. If *address* is supplied and not ``None``, it sets a " +"destination address for the message. The return value is the number of " +"bytes of non-ancillary data sent." +msgstr "" +"将普通数据和辅助数据发送给套接字，将从一系列缓冲区中收集非辅助数据，并将其拼接为一条消息。*buffers* 参数指定的非辅助数据应为可迭代的 " +":term:`字节类对象 ` （如 :class:`bytes` " +"对象），在允许使用的缓冲区数量上，操作系统可能会有限制（ :func:`~os.sysconf` 的 ``SC_IOV_MAX`` " +"值）。*ancdata* 参数指定的辅助数据（控制消息）应为可迭代对象，迭代出零个或多个 ``(cmsg_level, cmsg_type, " +"cmsg_data)`` 元组，其中 *cmsg_level* 和 *cmsg_type* 是分别指定协议级别和协议类型的整数，而 " +"*cmsg_data* 是保存相关数据的字节类对象。请注意，某些系统（特别是没有 :func:`CMSG_SPACE` " +"的系统）可能每次调用仅支持发送一条控制消息。*flags* 参数默认为 0，与 :meth:`send` 中的含义相同。如果 *address* " +"指定为除 ``None`` 以外的值，它将作为消息的目标地址。返回值是已发送的非辅助数据的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1889 +msgid "" +"The following function sends the list of file descriptors *fds* over an " +":const:`AF_UNIX` socket, on systems which support the :const:`SCM_RIGHTS` " +"mechanism. See also :meth:`recvmsg`. ::" +msgstr "" +"在支持 :const:`SCM_RIGHTS` 机制的系统上，下方的函数通过一个 :const:`AF_UNIX` 套接字来发送文件描述符列表 " +"*fds*。另请参阅 :meth:`recvmsg`。 ::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"import socket, array\n" +"\n" +"def send_fds(sock, msg, fds):\n" +" return sock.sendmsg([msg], [(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, array.array(\"i\", fds))])" +msgstr "" +"import socket, array\n" +"\n" +"def send_fds(sock, msg, fds):\n" +" return sock.sendmsg([msg], [(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, array.array(\"i\", fds))])" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1902 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``socket.sendmsg`` with arguments" +" ``self``, ``address``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``socket.sendmsg`` 并附带参数 ``self``, ``address``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1913 +msgid "" +"Specialized version of :meth:`~socket.sendmsg` for :const:`AF_ALG` socket. " +"Set mode, IV, AEAD associated data length and flags for :const:`AF_ALG` " +"socket." +msgstr "" +"为 :const:`AF_ALG` 套接字定制的 :meth:`~socket.sendmsg` 版本。可为 :const:`AF_ALG` " +"套接字设置模式、IV、AEAD 关联数据的长度和标志位。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1922 +msgid "" +"Send a file until EOF is reached by using high-performance " +":mod:`os.sendfile` and return the total number of bytes which were sent. " +"*file* must be a regular file object opened in binary mode. If " +":mod:`os.sendfile` is not available (e.g. Windows) or *file* is not a " +"regular file :meth:`send` will be used instead. *offset* tells from where to" +" start reading the file. If specified, *count* is the total number of bytes " +"to transmit as opposed to sending the file until EOF is reached. File " +"position is updated on return or also in case of error in which case " +":meth:`file.tell() ` can be used to figure out the number of" +" bytes which were sent. The socket must be of :const:`SOCK_STREAM` type. " +"Non-blocking sockets are not supported." +msgstr "" +"使用高性能的 :mod:`os.sendfile` 发送文件，直到达到文件的 EOF 为止，返回已发送的字节总数。*file* " +"必须是一个以二进制模式打开的常规文件对象。如果 :mod:`os.sendfile` 不可用（如 Windows）或 *file* 不是常规文件，将使用" +" :meth:`send` 代替。*offset* 指示从哪里开始读取文件。如果指定了 " +"*count*，它确定了要发送的字节总数，而不会持续发送直到达到文件的 " +"EOF。返回时或发生错误时，文件位置将更新，在这种情况下，:meth:`file.tell() ` " +"可用于确定已发送的字节数。套接字必须为 :const:`SOCK_STREAM` 类型。不支持非阻塞的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1938 +msgid "" +"Set the :ref:`inheritable flag ` of the socket's file " +"descriptor or socket's handle." +msgstr "设置套接字文件描述符或套接字句柄的 :ref:`可继承标志 `。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1946 +msgid "" +"Set blocking or non-blocking mode of the socket: if *flag* is false, the " +"socket is set to non-blocking, else to blocking mode." +msgstr "设置套接字为阻塞或非阻塞模式：如果 *flag* 为 false，则将套接字设置为非阻塞，否则设置为阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1949 +msgid "" +"This method is a shorthand for certain :meth:`~socket.settimeout` calls:" +msgstr "本方法是某些 :meth:`~socket.settimeout` 调用的简写：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1951 +msgid "``sock.setblocking(True)`` is equivalent to ``sock.settimeout(None)``" +msgstr "``sock.setblocking(True)`` 相当于 ``sock.settimeout(None)``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1953 +msgid "``sock.setblocking(False)`` is equivalent to ``sock.settimeout(0.0)``" +msgstr "``sock.setblocking(False)`` 相当于 ``sock.settimeout(0.0)``" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1955 +msgid "" +"The method no longer applies :const:`SOCK_NONBLOCK` flag on " +":attr:`socket.type`." +msgstr "本方法不再对 :attr:`socket.type` 属性设置 :const:`SOCK_NONBLOCK` 标志。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1962 +msgid "" +"Set a timeout on blocking socket operations. The *value* argument can be a " +"nonnegative floating-point number expressing seconds, or ``None``. If a non-" +"zero value is given, subsequent socket operations will raise a " +":exc:`timeout` exception if the timeout period *value* has elapsed before " +"the operation has completed. If zero is given, the socket is put in non-" +"blocking mode. If ``None`` is given, the socket is put in blocking mode." +msgstr "" +"为阻塞套接字的操作设置超时。 *value* 参数可以是非负浮点数，表示秒，也可以是 ``None``。 " +"如果赋为一个非零值，那么如果在操作完成前超过了超时时间 *value*，后续的套接字操作将抛出 :exc:`timeout` 异常。 如果赋为 " +"0，则套接字将处于非阻塞模式。 如果指定为 ``None``，则套接字将处于阻塞模式。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1969 +msgid "" +"For further information, please consult the :ref:`notes on socket timeouts " +"`." +msgstr "更多信息请查阅 :ref:`关于套接字超时的说明 `。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1971 +msgid "" +"The method no longer toggles :const:`SOCK_NONBLOCK` flag on " +":attr:`socket.type`." +msgstr "本方法不再修改 :attr:`socket.type` 属性的 :const:`SOCK_NONBLOCK` 标志。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1984 +msgid "" +"Set the value of the given socket option (see the Unix manual page " +":manpage:`setsockopt(2)`). The needed symbolic constants are defined in " +"this module (:ref:`!SO_\\* etc. `). The value can be" +" an integer, ``None`` or a :term:`bytes-like object` representing a buffer. " +"In the later case it is up to the caller to ensure that the bytestring " +"contains the proper bits (see the optional built-in module :mod:`struct` for" +" a way to encode C structures as bytestrings). When *value* is set to " +"``None``, *optlen* argument is required. It's equivalent to call " +":c:func:`setsockopt` C function with ``optval=NULL`` and ``optlen=optlen``." +msgstr "" +"设置给定套接字选项的值 (参见 Unix 手册页 :manpage:`setsockopt(2)`)。 所需的符号常量已定义在本模块中 " +"(:ref:`!SO_\\* 等 `)。 该值可以是整数、``None`` 或表示缓冲区的 " +":term:`bytes-like object`。 在后一种情况下将由调用者确保字节串中包含正确的数据位 (请参阅可选的内置模块 " +":mod:`struct` 了解如何将 C 结构体编码为字节串)。 当 *value* 设为 ``None`` 时，*optlen* 参数是必须的。 " +"这等价于调用 :c:func:`setsockopt` C 函数并设置 ``optval=NULL`` 和 ``optlen=optlen``。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1997 +msgid "setsockopt(level, optname, None, optlen: int) form added." +msgstr "添加了 setsockopt(level, optname, None, optlen: int) 调用形式。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2005 +msgid "" +"Shut down one or both halves of the connection. If *how* is " +":const:`SHUT_RD`, further receives are disallowed. If *how* is " +":const:`SHUT_WR`, further sends are disallowed. If *how* is " +":const:`SHUT_RDWR`, further sends and receives are disallowed." +msgstr "" +"关闭一半或全部的连接。如果 *how* 为 :const:`SHUT_RD`，则后续不再允许接收。如果 *how* 为 " +":const:`SHUT_WR`，则后续不再允许发送。如果 *how* 为 :const:`SHUT_RDWR`，则后续的发送和接收都不允许。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2015 +msgid "" +"Duplicate a socket and prepare it for sharing with a target process. The " +"target process must be provided with *process_id*. The resulting bytes " +"object can then be passed to the target process using some form of " +"interprocess communication and the socket can be recreated there using " +":func:`fromshare`. Once this method has been called, it is safe to close the" +" socket since the operating system has already duplicated it for the target " +"process." +msgstr "" +"复制套接字，并准备将其与目标进程共享。目标进程必须以 *process_id* " +"形式提供。然后可以利用某种形式的进程间通信，将返回的字节对象传递给目标进程，还可以使用 :func:`fromshare` " +"在新进程中重新创建套接字。一旦本方法调用完毕，就可以安全地将套接字关闭，因为操作系统已经为目标进程复制了该套接字。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2027 +msgid "" +"Note that there are no methods :meth:`read` or :meth:`write`; use " +":meth:`~socket.recv` and :meth:`~socket.send` without *flags* argument " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"注意此处没有 :meth:`read` 或 :meth:`write` 方法，请使用不带 *flags* 参数的 " +":meth:`~socket.recv` 和 :meth:`~socket.send` 来替代。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2030 +msgid "" +"Socket objects also have these (read-only) attributes that correspond to the" +" values given to the :class:`~socket.socket` constructor." +msgstr "套接字对象还具有以下（只读）属性，这些属性与传入 :class:`~socket.socket` 构造函数的值相对应。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2036 +msgid "The socket family." +msgstr "套接字的协议簇。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2041 +msgid "The socket type." +msgstr "套接字的类型。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2046 +msgid "The socket protocol." +msgstr "套接字的协议。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2053 +msgid "Notes on socket timeouts" +msgstr "关于套接字超时的说明" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2055 +msgid "" +"A socket object can be in one of three modes: blocking, non-blocking, or " +"timeout. Sockets are by default always created in blocking mode, but this " +"can be changed by calling :func:`setdefaulttimeout`." +msgstr "" +"一个套接字对象可以处于以下三种模式之一：阻塞、非阻塞或超时。套接字默认以阻塞模式创建，但是可以调用 :func:`setdefaulttimeout` " +"来更改。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2059 +msgid "" +"In *blocking mode*, operations block until complete or the system returns an" +" error (such as connection timed out)." +msgstr "在 *blocking mode* （阻塞模式）中，操作将阻塞，直到操作完成或系统返回错误（如连接超时）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2062 +msgid "" +"In *non-blocking mode*, operations fail (with an error that is unfortunately" +" system-dependent) if they cannot be completed immediately: functions from " +"the :mod:`select` module can be used to know when and whether a socket is " +"available for reading or writing." +msgstr "" +"在 *非阻塞模式* 中，如果操作无法立即完成则该操作将失败（不幸的是它所附带的错误将依赖于具体系统）: 来自 :mod:`select` " +"模块的函数可被用来获知一个套接字是否可以读取或写入。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2067 +msgid "" +"In *timeout mode*, operations fail if they cannot be completed within the " +"timeout specified for the socket (they raise a :exc:`timeout` exception) or " +"if the system returns an error." +msgstr "" +"在 *timeout mode* （超时模式）下，如果无法在指定的超时内完成操作（抛出 :exc:`timeout` " +"异常），或如果系统返回错误，则操作将失败。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2072 +msgid "" +"At the operating system level, sockets in *timeout mode* are internally set " +"in non-blocking mode. Also, the blocking and timeout modes are shared " +"between file descriptors and socket objects that refer to the same network " +"endpoint. This implementation detail can have visible consequences if e.g. " +"you decide to use the :meth:`~socket.fileno` of a socket." +msgstr "" +"在操作系统层级，*超时模式* 下的套接字在内部都被设为非阻塞模式。 同时，阻塞和超时模式会在指向同一个网络端点的文件描述符和套接字对象之间共享。 " +"这一实现细节可能导致明显的后果，例如当你决定使用套接字的 :meth:`~socket.fileno` 的时候。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2079 +msgid "Timeouts and the ``connect`` method" +msgstr "超时与 ``connect`` 方法" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2081 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~socket.connect` operation is also subject to the timeout " +"setting, and in general it is recommended to call :meth:`~socket.settimeout`" +" before calling :meth:`~socket.connect` or pass a timeout parameter to " +":meth:`create_connection`. However, the system network stack may also " +"return a connection timeout error of its own regardless of any Python socket" +" timeout setting." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.connect` 操作也受超时设置的约束，通常建议在调用 :meth:`~socket.connect` 之前调用 " +":meth:`~socket.settimeout`，或将超时参数直接传递给 :meth:`create_connection`。但是，无论 " +"Python 套接字超时设置如何，系统网络栈都有可能返回自带的连接超时错误。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2089 +msgid "Timeouts and the ``accept`` method" +msgstr "超时与 ``accept`` 方法" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"If :func:`getdefaulttimeout` is not :const:`None`, sockets returned by the " +":meth:`~socket.accept` method inherit that timeout. Otherwise, the " +"behaviour depends on settings of the listening socket:" +msgstr "" +"如果 :func:`getdefaulttimeout` 的值不是 :const:`None`，则 :meth:`~socket.accept` " +"方法返回的套接字将继承该超时值。若是 None，返回的套接字行为取决于侦听套接字的设置：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2095 +msgid "" +"if the listening socket is in *blocking mode* or in *timeout mode*, the " +"socket returned by :meth:`~socket.accept` is in *blocking mode*;" +msgstr "如果侦听套接字处于 *阻塞模式* 或 *超时模式*，则 :meth:`~socket.accept` 返回的套接字处于 *阻塞模式*；" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2098 +msgid "" +"if the listening socket is in *non-blocking mode*, whether the socket " +"returned by :meth:`~socket.accept` is in blocking or non-blocking mode is " +"operating system-dependent. If you want to ensure cross-platform behaviour," +" it is recommended you manually override this setting." +msgstr "" +"如果侦听套接字处于 *非阻塞模式*，那么 :meth:`~socket.accept` " +"返回的套接字是阻塞还是非阻塞取决于操作系统。如果要确保跨平台时的正确行为，建议手动覆盖此设置。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2107 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"Here are four minimal example programs using the TCP/IP protocol: a server " +"that echoes all data that it receives back (servicing only one client), and " +"a client using it. Note that a server must perform the sequence " +":func:`~socket.socket`, :meth:`~socket.bind`, :meth:`~socket.listen`, " +":meth:`~socket.accept` (possibly repeating the :meth:`~socket.accept` to " +"service more than one client), while a client only needs the sequence " +":func:`~socket.socket`, :meth:`~socket.connect`. Also note that the server " +"does not :meth:`~socket.sendall`/:meth:`~socket.recv` on the socket it is " +"listening on but on the new socket returned by :meth:`~socket.accept`." +msgstr "" +"以下是四个使用 TCP/IP 协议的最小示例程序：一个将收到的所有数据原样回馈的服务器（仅服务一个客户端），和一个使用该服务器的客户端。 " +"请注意服务器必须按 :func:`~socket.socket`, :meth:`~socket.bind`, " +":meth:`~socket.listen`, :meth:`~socket.accept` 的顺序执行（可能需要重复执行 " +":meth:`~socket.accept` 以便 服务多个客户端），而客户端仅需要按 :func:`~socket.socket`, " +":meth:`~socket.connect` 的顺序执行。 还要注意服务器不是在侦听的套接字上发送 " +":meth:`~socket.sendall`/:meth:`~socket.recv` 而是在由 :meth:`~socket.accept` " +"返回的新套接字上发送。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2119 +msgid "The first two examples support IPv4 only. ::" +msgstr "前两个示例仅支持 IPv4。 ::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2121 +msgid "" +"# Echo server program\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"HOST = '' # Symbolic name meaning all available interfaces\n" +"PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:\n" +" s.bind((HOST, PORT))\n" +" s.listen(1)\n" +" conn, addr = s.accept()\n" +" with conn:\n" +" print('Connected by', addr)\n" +" while True:\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if not data: break\n" +" conn.sendall(data)" +msgstr "" +"# Echo server program\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"HOST = '' # 该符号名表示所有可用接口\n" +"PORT = 50007 # 任意非特权端口\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:\n" +" s.bind((HOST, PORT))\n" +" s.listen(1)\n" +" conn, addr = s.accept()\n" +" with conn:\n" +" print('Connected by', addr)\n" +" while True:\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if not data: break\n" +" conn.sendall(data)" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2139 +msgid "" +"# Echo client program\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # The remote host\n" +"PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:\n" +" s.connect((HOST, PORT))\n" +" s.sendall(b'Hello, world')\n" +" data = s.recv(1024)\n" +"print('Received', repr(data))" +msgstr "" +"# 回显客户端程序\n" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # 远端主机\n" +"PORT = 50007 # 与服务器所用端口相同\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:\n" +" s.connect((HOST, PORT))\n" +" s.sendall(b'Hello, world')\n" +" data = s.recv(1024)\n" +"print('Received', repr(data))" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2150 +msgid "" +"The next two examples are identical to the above two, but support both IPv4 " +"and IPv6. The server side will listen to the first address family available " +"(it should listen to both instead). On most of IPv6-ready systems, IPv6 will" +" take precedence and the server may not accept IPv4 traffic. The client side" +" will try to connect to all the addresses returned as a result of the name " +"resolution, and sends traffic to the first one connected successfully. ::" +msgstr "" +"接下来的两个例子与上面两个很想像，但同时支持 IPv4 和 IPv6。 服务端将监听第一个可用的地址族（它本应同时监听两个地址族）。 在大多数支持 " +"IPv6 的系统中，IPv6 将有优先权并且服务端可能不会接受 IPv4 流量。 " +"客户端将尝试连接到作为名称解析结果被返回的所有地址，并将流量发送给第一个成功连接的地址。 ::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2157 +msgid "" +"# Echo server program\n" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST = None # Symbolic name meaning all available interfaces\n" +"PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port\n" +"s = None\n" +"for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC,\n" +" socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE):\n" +" af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res\n" +" try:\n" +" s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" try:\n" +" s.bind(sa)\n" +" s.listen(1)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s.close()\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" break\n" +"if s is None:\n" +" print('could not open socket')\n" +" sys.exit(1)\n" +"conn, addr = s.accept()\n" +"with conn:\n" +" print('Connected by', addr)\n" +" while True:\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if not data: break\n" +" conn.send(data)" +msgstr "" +"# 回显服务端程序\n" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST = None # 该符号名表示所有可用接口\n" +"PORT = 50007 # 任意非特权端口\n" +"s = None\n" +"for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC,\n" +" socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE):\n" +" af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res\n" +" try:\n" +" s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" try:\n" +" s.bind(sa)\n" +" s.listen(1)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s.close()\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" break\n" +"if s is None:\n" +" print('could not open socket')\n" +" sys.exit(1)\n" +"conn, addr = s.accept()\n" +"with conn:\n" +" print('Connected by', addr)\n" +" while True:\n" +" data = conn.recv(1024)\n" +" if not data: break\n" +" conn.send(data)" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2193 +msgid "" +"# Echo client program\n" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # The remote host\n" +"PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server\n" +"s = None\n" +"for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM):\n" +" af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res\n" +" try:\n" +" s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" try:\n" +" s.connect(sa)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s.close()\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" break\n" +"if s is None:\n" +" print('could not open socket')\n" +" sys.exit(1)\n" +"with s:\n" +" s.sendall(b'Hello, world')\n" +" data = s.recv(1024)\n" +"print('Received', repr(data))" +msgstr "" +"# 回显客户端程序\n" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # 远端主机\n" +"PORT = 50007 # 与服务器所用端口相同\n" +"s = None\n" +"for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM):\n" +" af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res\n" +" try:\n" +" s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" try:\n" +" s.connect(sa)\n" +" except OSError as msg:\n" +" s.close()\n" +" s = None\n" +" continue\n" +" break\n" +"if s is None:\n" +" print('could not open socket')\n" +" sys.exit(1)\n" +"with s:\n" +" s.sendall(b'Hello, world')\n" +" data = s.recv(1024)\n" +"print('Received', repr(data))" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2222 +msgid "" +"The next example shows how to write a very simple network sniffer with raw " +"sockets on Windows. The example requires administrator privileges to modify " +"the interface::" +msgstr "下面的例子演示了如何在 Windows 上使用原始套接字编写一个非常简单的网络嗅探器。 这个例子需要管理员权限来修改接口::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2226 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"# the public network interface\n" +"HOST = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())\n" +"\n" +"# create a raw socket and bind it to the public interface\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.IPPROTO_IP)\n" +"s.bind((HOST, 0))\n" +"\n" +"# Include IP headers\n" +"s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)\n" +"\n" +"# receive all packets\n" +"s.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)\n" +"\n" +"# receive a packet\n" +"print(s.recvfrom(65565))\n" +"\n" +"# disabled promiscuous mode\n" +"s.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"\n" +"# 公共网络接口\n" +"HOST = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个原始套接字并将其绑定到公共接口\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.IPPROTO_IP)\n" +"s.bind((HOST, 0))\n" +"\n" +"# 包括 IP 标头\n" +"s.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)\n" +"\n" +"# 接收所有数据包\n" +"s.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)\n" +"\n" +"# 接收一个数据包\n" +"print(s.recvfrom(65565))\n" +"\n" +"# 禁用混杂模式\n" +"s.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2247 +msgid "" +"The next example shows how to use the socket interface to communicate to a " +"CAN network using the raw socket protocol. To use CAN with the broadcast " +"manager protocol instead, open a socket with::" +msgstr "" +"下面的例子演示了如何使用 socket 接口与采用原始套接字协议的 CAN 网络进行通信。 要改为通过广播管理器协议来使用 " +"CAN，则要用以下方式打开一个 socket::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2251 +msgid "socket.socket(socket.AF_CAN, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.CAN_BCM)" +msgstr "socket.socket(socket.AF_CAN, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.CAN_BCM)" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2253 +msgid "" +"After binding (:const:`CAN_RAW`) or connecting (:const:`CAN_BCM`) the " +"socket, you can use the :meth:`socket.send` and :meth:`socket.recv` " +"operations (and their counterparts) on the socket object as usual." +msgstr "" +"在绑定 (:const:`CAN_RAW`) 或连接 (:const:`CAN_BCM`) 套接字之后，你将可以在套接字对象上正常地使用 " +":meth:`socket.send` 和 :meth:`socket.recv` 操作（及其同类操作）。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2257 +msgid "This last example might require special privileges::" +msgstr "最后一个例子可能需要特别的权限::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2259 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"import struct\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# CAN frame packing/unpacking (see 'struct can_frame' in )\n" +"\n" +"can_frame_fmt = \"=IB3x8s\"\n" +"can_frame_size = struct.calcsize(can_frame_fmt)\n" +"\n" +"def build_can_frame(can_id, data):\n" +" can_dlc = len(data)\n" +" data = data.ljust(8, b'\\x00')\n" +" return struct.pack(can_frame_fmt, can_id, can_dlc, data)\n" +"\n" +"def dissect_can_frame(frame):\n" +" can_id, can_dlc, data = struct.unpack(can_frame_fmt, frame)\n" +" return (can_id, can_dlc, data[:can_dlc])\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# create a raw socket and bind it to the 'vcan0' interface\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW)\n" +"s.bind(('vcan0',))\n" +"\n" +"while True:\n" +" cf, addr = s.recvfrom(can_frame_size)\n" +"\n" +" print('Received: can_id=%x, can_dlc=%x, data=%s' % dissect_can_frame(cf))\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" s.send(cf)\n" +" except OSError:\n" +" print('Error sending CAN frame')\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" s.send(build_can_frame(0x01, b'\\x01\\x02\\x03'))\n" +" except OSError:\n" +" print('Error sending CAN frame')" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"import struct\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# CAN 帧打包/解包 (参见 中的 'struct can_frame')\n" +"\n" +"can_frame_fmt = \"=IB3x8s\"\n" +"can_frame_size = struct.calcsize(can_frame_fmt)\n" +"\n" +"def build_can_frame(can_id, data):\n" +" can_dlc = len(data)\n" +" data = data.ljust(8, b'\\x00')\n" +" return struct.pack(can_frame_fmt, can_id, can_dlc, data)\n" +"\n" +"def dissect_can_frame(frame):\n" +" can_id, can_dlc, data = struct.unpack(can_frame_fmt, frame)\n" +" return (can_id, can_dlc, data[:can_dlc])\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个原始套接字并将其绑定到 'vcan0' 接口\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.CAN_RAW)\n" +"s.bind(('vcan0',))\n" +"\n" +"while True:\n" +" cf, addr = s.recvfrom(can_frame_size)\n" +"\n" +" print('Received: can_id=%x, can_dlc=%x, data=%s' % dissect_can_frame(cf))\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" s.send(cf)\n" +" except OSError:\n" +" print('Error sending CAN frame')\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" s.send(build_can_frame(0x01, b'\\x01\\x02\\x03'))\n" +" except OSError:\n" +" print('Error sending CAN frame')" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2297 +msgid "" +"Running an example several times with too small delay between executions, " +"could lead to this error::" +msgstr "多次运行一个示例，且每次执行之间等待时间过短，可能导致这个错误::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2300 +msgid "OSError: [Errno 98] Address already in use" +msgstr "OSError: [Errno 98] Address already in use" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2302 +msgid "" +"This is because the previous execution has left the socket in a " +"``TIME_WAIT`` state, and can't be immediately reused." +msgstr "这是因为前一次运行使套接字处于 ``TIME_WAIT`` 状态，无法立即重用。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2305 +msgid "" +"There is a :mod:`socket` flag to set, in order to prevent this, " +":const:`socket.SO_REUSEADDR`::" +msgstr "要防止这种情况，需要设置一个 :mod:`socket` 旗标 :const:`socket.SO_REUSEADDR`::" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2308 +msgid "" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)\n" +"s.bind((HOST, PORT))" +msgstr "" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)\n" +"s.bind((HOST, PORT))" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2312 +msgid "" +"the :data:`SO_REUSEADDR` flag tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in " +"``TIME_WAIT`` state, without waiting for its natural timeout to expire." +msgstr "" +":data:`SO_REUSEADDR` 标志告诉内核将处于 ``TIME_WAIT`` 状态的本地套接字重新使用，而不必等到固有的超时到期。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2318 +msgid "" +"For an introduction to socket programming (in C), see the following papers:" +msgstr "关于套接字编程（C 语言）的介绍，请参阅以下文章：" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2320 +msgid "" +"*An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial*, by Stuart " +"Sechrest" +msgstr "" +"*An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial*，作者 Stuart " +"Sechrest" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2322 +msgid "" +"*An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial*, by Samuel J. " +"Leffler et al," +msgstr "" +"*An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial*，作者 Samuel J. " +"Leffler et al," + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:2325 +msgid "" +"both in the UNIX Programmer's Manual, Supplementary Documents 1 (sections " +"PS1:7 and PS1:8). The platform-specific reference material for the various " +"socket-related system calls are also a valuable source of information on the" +" details of socket semantics. For Unix, refer to the manual pages; for " +"Windows, see the WinSock (or Winsock 2) specification. For IPv6-ready APIs," +" readers may want to refer to :rfc:`3493` titled Basic Socket Interface " +"Extensions for IPv6." +msgstr "" +"两篇文章都在 UNIX 开发者手册，补充文档 1（第 PS1:7 和 PS1:8 " +"节）中。那些特定于平台的参考资料，它们包含与套接字有关的各种系统调用，也是套接字语义细节的宝贵信息来源。对于 Unix，请参考手册页。对于 " +"Windows，请参阅 WinSock（或 Winsock 2）规范。如果需要支持 IPv6 的 API，读者可能希望参考 " +":rfc:`3493`，标题为 Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6。" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:22 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:22 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1630 +msgid "I/O control" +msgstr "I/O 控制" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1630 +msgid "buffering" +msgstr "缓冲" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1982 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/socket.rst:1982 +msgid "struct" +msgstr "struct" diff --git a/library/socketserver.po b/library/socketserver.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f89fa25a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/socketserver.po @@ -0,0 +1,1100 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!socketserver` --- A framework for network servers" +msgstr ":mod:`!socketserver` --- 用于网络服务器的框架" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/socketserver.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/socketserver.py`" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socketserver` module simplifies the task of writing network " +"servers." +msgstr ":mod:`socketserver` 模块简化了编写网络服务器的任务。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:15 +msgid "There are four basic concrete server classes:" +msgstr "该模块具有四个基础实体服务器类:" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:20 +msgid "" +"This uses the internet TCP protocol, which provides for continuous streams " +"of data between the client and server. If *bind_and_activate* is true, the " +"constructor automatically attempts to invoke :meth:`~BaseServer.server_bind`" +" and :meth:`~BaseServer.server_activate`. The other parameters are passed " +"to the :class:`BaseServer` base class." +msgstr "" +"该类使用互联网 TCP 协议，它可以提供客户端与服务器之间的连续数据流。 如果 *bind_and_activate* " +"为真值，该类的构造器会自动尝试唤起 :meth:`~BaseServer.server_bind` 和 " +":meth:`~BaseServer.server_activate`。 其他形参会被传递给 :class:`BaseServer` 基类。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This uses datagrams, which are discrete packets of information that may " +"arrive out of order or be lost while in transit. The parameters are the " +"same as for :class:`TCPServer`." +msgstr "该类使用数据包，即一系列离散的信息分包，它们可能会无序地到达或在传输中丢失。 该类的形参与 :class:`TCPServer` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:38 +msgid "" +"These more infrequently used classes are similar to the TCP and UDP classes," +" but use Unix domain sockets; they're not available on non-Unix platforms. " +"The parameters are the same as for :class:`TCPServer`." +msgstr "" +"这两个更常用的类与 TCP 和 UDP 类相似，但使用 Unix 域套接字；它们在非 Unix 系统平台上不可用。 它们的形参与 " +":class:`TCPServer` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:44 +msgid "" +"These four classes process requests :dfn:`synchronously`; each request must " +"be completed before the next request can be started. This isn't suitable if" +" each request takes a long time to complete, because it requires a lot of " +"computation, or because it returns a lot of data which the client is slow to" +" process. The solution is to create a separate process or thread to handle " +"each request; the :class:`ForkingMixIn` and :class:`ThreadingMixIn` mix-in " +"classes can be used to support asynchronous behaviour." +msgstr "" +"这四个类会 :dfn:`同步地` 处理请求；每个请求必须完成才能开始下一个请求。 " +"这就不适用于每个请求要耗费很长时间来完成的情况，或者因为它需要大量的计算，又或者它返回了大量的数据而客户端处理起来很缓慢。 " +"解决方案是创建单独的进程或线程来处理每个请求；:class:`ForkingMixIn` 和 :class:`ThreadingMixIn` " +"混合类可以被用于支持异步行为。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Creating a server requires several steps. First, you must create a request " +"handler class by subclassing the :class:`BaseRequestHandler` class and " +"overriding its :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` method; this method will " +"process incoming requests. Second, you must instantiate one of the server " +"classes, passing it the server's address and the request handler class. It " +"is recommended to use the server in a :keyword:`with` statement. Then call " +"the :meth:`~BaseServer.handle_request` or :meth:`~BaseServer.serve_forever` " +"method of the server object to process one or many requests. Finally, call " +":meth:`~BaseServer.server_close` to close the socket (unless you used a " +":keyword:`!with` statement)." +msgstr "" +"创建一个服务器需要分几个步骤进行。 首先，你必须通过子类化 :class:`BaseRequestHandler` 类并重载其 " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` 方法来创建一个请求处理器类；这个方法将处理传入的请求。 " +"其次，你必须实例化某个服务器类，将服务器地址和请求处理器类传给它。 建议在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用该服务器。 然后再调用服务器对象的" +" :meth:`~BaseServer.handle_request` 或 :meth:`~BaseServer.serve_forever` " +"方法来处理一个或多个请求。 最后，调用 :meth:`~BaseServer.server_close` 来关闭套接字（除非你使用了 " +":keyword:`!with` 语句）。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:64 +msgid "" +"When inheriting from :class:`ThreadingMixIn` for threaded connection " +"behavior, you should explicitly declare how you want your threads to behave " +"on an abrupt shutdown. The :class:`ThreadingMixIn` class defines an " +"attribute *daemon_threads*, which indicates whether or not the server should" +" wait for thread termination. You should set the flag explicitly if you " +"would like threads to behave autonomously; the default is :const:`False`, " +"meaning that Python will not exit until all threads created by " +":class:`ThreadingMixIn` have exited." +msgstr "" +"当从 :class:`ThreadingMixIn` 继承线程连接行为时，你应当显式地声明你希望在突然关机时你的线程采取何种行为。 " +":class:`ThreadingMixIn` 类定义了一个属性 *daemon_threads*，它指明服务器是否应当等待线程终止。 " +"如果你希望线程能自主行动你应当显式地设置这个旗标；默认值为 :const:`False`，表示 Python 将不会在 " +":class:`ThreadingMixIn` 所创建的所有线程都退出之前退出。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Server classes have the same external methods and attributes, no matter what" +" network protocol they use." +msgstr "服务器类具有同样的外部方法和属性，无论它们使用哪种网络协议。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:78 +msgid "Server Creation Notes" +msgstr "服务器创建的说明" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:80 +msgid "" +"There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent " +"synchronous servers of four types::" +msgstr "在继承图中有五个类，其中四个代表四种类型的同步服务器::" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:83 +msgid "" +"+------------+\n" +"| BaseServer |\n" +"+------------+\n" +" |\n" +" v\n" +"+-----------+ +------------------+\n" +"| TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |\n" +"+-----------+ +------------------+\n" +" |\n" +" v\n" +"+-----------+ +--------------------+\n" +"| UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |\n" +"+-----------+ +--------------------+" +msgstr "" +"+------------+\n" +"| BaseServer |\n" +"+------------+\n" +" |\n" +" v\n" +"+-----------+ +------------------+\n" +"| TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |\n" +"+-----------+ +------------------+\n" +" |\n" +" v\n" +"+-----------+ +--------------------+\n" +"| UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |\n" +"+-----------+ +--------------------+" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Note that :class:`UnixDatagramServer` derives from :class:`UDPServer`, not " +"from :class:`UnixStreamServer` --- the only difference between an IP and a " +"Unix server is the address family." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :class:`UnixDatagramServer` 是派生自 :class:`UDPServer`，而不是派生自 " +":class:`UnixStreamServer` --- IP 和 Unix 流服务器的唯一区别地址族。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created using " +"these mix-in classes. For instance, :class:`ThreadingUDPServer` is created " +"as follows::" +msgstr "" +"每种服务器类型的分叉和线程版本都可以使用这些混合类来创建。 例如，:class:`ThreadingUDPServer` 的创建方式如下::" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:109 +msgid "" +"class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:112 +msgid "" +"The mix-in class comes first, since it overrides a method defined in " +":class:`UDPServer`. Setting the various attributes also changes the " +"behavior of the underlying server mechanism." +msgstr "混合类先出现，因为它重载了 :class:`UDPServer` 中定义的一个方法。 设置各种属性也会改变下层服务器机制的行为。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:116 +msgid "" +":class:`ForkingMixIn` and the Forking classes mentioned below are only " +"available on POSIX platforms that support :func:`~os.fork`." +msgstr ":class:`ForkingMixIn` 和下文提及的分叉类仅在支持 :func:`~os.fork` 的 POSIX 系统平台上可用。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:121 +msgid "" +":meth:`ForkingMixIn.server_close ` waits until all " +"child processes complete, except if :attr:`block_on_close` attribute is " +"``False``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`ForkingMixIn.server_close ` 会等待直到所有子进程完成，除非 " +":attr:`block_on_close` 属性为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:125 +msgid "" +":meth:`ThreadingMixIn.server_close ` waits until " +"all non-daemon threads complete, except if :attr:`block_on_close` attribute " +"is ``False``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`ThreadingMixIn.server_close ` " +"会等待直到所有非守护程序类线程完成，除非 :attr:`block_on_close` 属性为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:131 +msgid "" +"For :class:`ThreadingMixIn` use daemonic threads by setting " +":data:`ThreadingMixIn.daemon_threads ` to ``True`` to not " +"wait until threads complete." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`ThreadingMixIn` 可通过将 :data:`ThreadingMixIn.daemon_threads " +"` 设为 ``True`` 来使用守护线程从而无需等待线程完成。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:137 +msgid "" +":meth:`ForkingMixIn.server_close ` and " +":meth:`ThreadingMixIn.server_close ` now waits " +"until all child processes and non-daemonic threads complete. Add a new " +":attr:`ForkingMixIn.block_on_close ` class attribute to opt-" +"in for the pre-3.7 behaviour." +msgstr "" +":meth:`ForkingMixIn.server_close ` 和 " +":meth:`ThreadingMixIn.server_close ` " +"现在会等待直到所有子进程和非守护类线程完成。 新增了一个 :attr:`ForkingMixIn.block_on_close " +"` 类属性用来选择 3.7 版之前的行为。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:153 +msgid "These classes are pre-defined using the mix-in classes." +msgstr "这些类都是使用混合类来预定义的。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:155 +msgid "" +"The ``ForkingUnixStreamServer`` and ``ForkingUnixDatagramServer`` classes " +"were added." +msgstr "增加了 ``ForkingUnixStreamServer`` 和 ``ForkingUnixDatagramServer`` 类。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:159 +msgid "" +"To implement a service, you must derive a class from " +":class:`BaseRequestHandler` and redefine its " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` method. You can then run various versions" +" of the service by combining one of the server classes with your request " +"handler class. The request handler class must be different for datagram or " +"stream services. This can be hidden by using the handler subclasses " +":class:`StreamRequestHandler` or :class:`DatagramRequestHandler`." +msgstr "" +"要实现一个服务，你必须从 :class:`BaseRequestHandler` 派生一个类并重定义其 " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` 方法。 然后你可以通过组合某种服务器类型与你的请求处理器类来运行各种版本的服务。 " +"请求处理器类对于数据报和流服务必须是不相同的。 这可以通过使用处理器子类 :class:`StreamRequestHandler` 或 " +":class:`DatagramRequestHandler` 来隐藏。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Of course, you still have to use your head! For instance, it makes no sense" +" to use a forking server if the service contains state in memory that can be" +" modified by different requests, since the modifications in the child " +"process would never reach the initial state kept in the parent process and " +"passed to each child. In this case, you can use a threading server, but you" +" will probably have to use locks to protect the integrity of the shared " +"data." +msgstr "" +"当然，你仍然需要动点脑筋！ " +"举例来说，如果服务包含可能被不同请求所修改的内存状态则使用分叉服务器是没有意义的，因为在子进程中的修改将永远不会触及保存在父进程中的初始状态并传递到各个子进程。" +" 在这种情况下，你可以使用线程服务器，但你可能必须使用锁来保护共享数据的一致性。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:174 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, if you are building an HTTP server where all data is " +"stored externally (for instance, in the file system), a synchronous class " +"will essentially render the service \"deaf\" while one request is being " +"handled -- which may be for a very long time if a client is slow to receive " +"all the data it has requested. Here a threading or forking server is " +"appropriate." +msgstr "" +"另一方面，如果你是在编写一个所有数据保存在外部（例如文件系统）的 HTTP 服务器，同步类实际上将在正在处理某个请求的时候“失聪” -- " +"如果某个客户端在接收它所请求的所有数据时很缓慢这可能会是非常长的时间。 这时线程或分叉服务器会更为适用。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:180 +msgid "" +"In some cases, it may be appropriate to process part of a request " +"synchronously, but to finish processing in a forked child depending on the " +"request data. This can be implemented by using a synchronous server and " +"doing an explicit fork in the request handler class " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` method." +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下，合适的做法是同步地处理请求的一部分，但根据请求数据在分叉的子进程中完成处理。 这可以通过使用一个同步服务器并在请求处理器类 " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` 中进行显式分叉来实现。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Another approach to handling multiple simultaneous requests in an " +"environment that supports neither threads nor :func:`~os.fork` (or where " +"these are too expensive or inappropriate for the service) is to maintain an " +"explicit table of partially finished requests and to use :mod:`selectors` to" +" decide which request to work on next (or whether to handle a new incoming " +"request). This is particularly important for stream services where each " +"client can potentially be connected for a long time (if threads or " +"subprocesses cannot be used)." +msgstr "" +"另一种可以在既不支持线程也不支持 :func:`~os.fork` " +"的环境（或者对于本服务来说这两者开销过大或不适用）中处理多个同时请求的方式是维护一个显式的部分完成的请求表并使用 :mod:`selectors` " +"来决定接下来要处理哪个请求（或者是否要处理一个新传入的请求）。 " +"这对于流式服务来说特别重要，因为每个客户端可能会连接很长的时间（如果不能使用线程或子进程）。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:198 +msgid "Server Objects" +msgstr "Server 对象" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:202 +msgid "" +"This is the superclass of all Server objects in the module. It defines the " +"interface, given below, but does not implement most of the methods, which is" +" done in subclasses. The two parameters are stored in the respective " +":attr:`server_address` and :attr:`RequestHandlerClass` attributes." +msgstr "" +"这是本模块中所有 Server 对象的超类。 它定义了下文给出的接口，但没有实现大部分的方法，它们应在子类中实现。 两个形参存储在对应的 " +":attr:`server_address` 和 :attr:`RequestHandlerClass` 属性中。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Return an integer file descriptor for the socket on which the server is " +"listening. This function is most commonly passed to :mod:`selectors`, to " +"allow monitoring multiple servers in the same process." +msgstr "" +"返回服务器正在监听的套接字的以整数表示的文件描述符。 此函数最常被传递给 :mod:`selectors`，以允许在同一进程中监控多个服务器。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Process a single request. This function calls the following methods in " +"order: :meth:`get_request`, :meth:`verify_request`, and " +":meth:`process_request`. If the user-provided " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` method of the handler class raises an " +"exception, the server's :meth:`handle_error` method will be called. If no " +"request is received within :attr:`timeout` seconds, :meth:`handle_timeout` " +"will be called and :meth:`handle_request` will return." +msgstr "" +"处理单个请求。 此函数会依次调用下列方法: :meth:`get_request`, :meth:`verify_request` 和 " +":meth:`process_request`。 如果用户提供的处理器类的 :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` " +"方法引发了异常，则将调用服务器的 :meth:`handle_error` 方法。 如果在 :attr:`timeout` 秒内未接收到请求，将会调用 " +":meth:`handle_timeout` 并将返回 :meth:`handle_request`。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Handle requests until an explicit :meth:`shutdown` request. Poll for " +"shutdown every *poll_interval* seconds. Ignores the :attr:`timeout` " +"attribute. It also calls :meth:`service_actions`, which may be used by a " +"subclass or mixin to provide actions specific to a given service. For " +"example, the :class:`ForkingMixIn` class uses :meth:`service_actions` to " +"clean up zombie child processes." +msgstr "" +"对请求进行处理直至收到显式的 :meth:`shutdown` 请求。 每隔 *poll_interval* 秒对 shutdown 进行轮询。 忽略 " +":attr:`timeout` 属性。 它还会调用 :meth:`service_actions`，这可被子类或混合类用来提供某个给定服务的专属操作。 " +"例如，:class:`ForkingMixIn` 类使用 :meth:`service_actions` 来清理僵尸子进程。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:237 +msgid "Added ``service_actions`` call to the ``serve_forever`` method." +msgstr "将 ``service_actions`` 调用添加到 ``serve_forever`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:243 +msgid "" +"This is called in the :meth:`serve_forever` loop. This method can be " +"overridden by subclasses or mixin classes to perform actions specific to a " +"given service, such as cleanup actions." +msgstr "" +"此方法会在 the :meth:`serve_forever` 循环中被调用。 此方法可被子类或混合类所重载以执行某个给定服务的专属操作，例如清理操作。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Tell the :meth:`serve_forever` loop to stop and wait until it does. " +":meth:`shutdown` must be called while :meth:`serve_forever` is running in a " +"different thread otherwise it will deadlock." +msgstr "" +"通知 :meth:`serve_forever` 循环停止并等待它完成。 :meth:`shutdown` 必须在 " +":meth:`serve_forever` 运行于不同线程时被调用否则它将发生死锁。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:258 +msgid "Clean up the server. May be overridden." +msgstr "清理服务器。 此方法可被重载。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The family of protocols to which the server's socket belongs. Common " +"examples are :const:`socket.AF_INET`, :const:`socket.AF_INET6`, and " +":const:`socket.AF_UNIX`. Subclass the TCP or UDP server classes in this " +"module with class attribute ``address_family = AF_INET6`` set if you want " +"IPv6 server classes." +msgstr "" +"服务器套接字所属的协议族。 常见的例子有 :const:`socket.AF_INET`, :const:`socket.AF_INET6` 和 " +":const:`socket.AF_UNIX` 等。 如果你想要 IPv6 服务器类请子类化此模块中的 TCP 或 UDP 服务器类并设置类属性 " +"``address_family = AF_INET6``。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:272 +msgid "" +"The user-provided request handler class; an instance of this class is " +"created for each request." +msgstr "用户提供的请求处理器类；将为每个请求创建该类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:278 +msgid "" +"The address on which the server is listening. The format of addresses " +"varies depending on the protocol family; see the documentation for the " +":mod:`socket` module for details. For internet protocols, this is a tuple " +"containing a string giving the address, and an integer port number: " +"``('127.0.0.1', 80)``, for example." +msgstr "" +"服务器所监听的地址。 地址的格式因具体协议族而不同；请参阅 :mod:`socket` 模块的文档了解详情。 " +"对于互联网协议，这将是一个元组，其中包含一个表示地址的字符串，和一个表示端口号的整数，例如: ``('127.0.0.1', 80)``。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The socket object on which the server will listen for incoming requests." +msgstr "将由服务器用于监听入站请求的套接字对象。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:290 +msgid "The server classes support the following class variables:" +msgstr "服务器类支持下列类变量:" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:296 +msgid "" +"Whether the server will allow the reuse of an address. This defaults to " +":const:`False`, and can be set in subclasses to change the policy." +msgstr "服务器是否要允许地址的重用。 默认值为 :const:`False`，并可在子类中设置以改变策略。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:302 +msgid "" +"The size of the request queue. If it takes a long time to process a single " +"request, any requests that arrive while the server is busy are placed into a" +" queue, up to :attr:`request_queue_size` requests. Once the queue is full, " +"further requests from clients will get a \"Connection denied\" error. The " +"default value is usually 5, but this can be overridden by subclasses." +msgstr "" +"请求队列的长度。 如果处理单个请求要花费很长的时间，则当服务器正忙时到达的任何请求都会被加入队列，最多加入 " +":attr:`request_queue_size` 个请求。 一旦队列被加满，来自客户端的更多请求将收到 \"Connection denied\" " +"错误。 默认值为 5，但可在子类中重载。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:311 +msgid "" +"The type of socket used by the server; :const:`socket.SOCK_STREAM` and " +":const:`socket.SOCK_DGRAM` are two common values." +msgstr "" +"服务器使用的套接字类型；常见的有 :const:`socket.SOCK_STREAM` 和 :const:`socket.SOCK_DGRAM` " +"这两个值。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:317 +msgid "" +"Timeout duration, measured in seconds, or :const:`None` if no timeout is " +"desired. If :meth:`handle_request` receives no incoming requests within the" +" timeout period, the :meth:`handle_timeout` method is called." +msgstr "" +"超时限制，以秒数表示，或者如果不限制超时则为 :const:`None`。 如果在超时限制期间没有收到 " +":meth:`handle_request`，则会调用 :meth:`handle_timeout` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:322 +msgid "" +"There are various server methods that can be overridden by subclasses of " +"base server classes like :class:`TCPServer`; these methods aren't useful to " +"external users of the server object." +msgstr "有多个服务器方法可被服务器基类的子类例如 :class:`TCPServer` 所重载；这些方法对服务器对象的外部用户来说并无用处。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Actually processes the request by instantiating :attr:`RequestHandlerClass` " +"and calling its :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` method." +msgstr "" +"通过实例化 :attr:`RequestHandlerClass` 并调用其 :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` " +"方法来实际处理请求。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:337 +msgid "" +"Must accept a request from the socket, and return a 2-tuple containing the " +"*new* socket object to be used to communicate with the client, and the " +"client's address." +msgstr "必须接受来自套接字的请求，并返回一个 2 元组，其中包含用来与客户端通信的 *new* 套接字对象，以及客户端的地址。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:344 +msgid "" +"This function is called if the :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` method of " +"a :attr:`RequestHandlerClass` instance raises an exception. The default " +"action is to print the traceback to standard error and continue handling " +"further requests." +msgstr "" +"此函数会在 :attr:`RequestHandlerClass` 实例的 :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.handle` " +"方法引发异常时被调用。 默认行为是将回溯信息打印到标准错误并继续处理其他请求。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Now only called for exceptions derived from the :exc:`Exception` class." +msgstr "现在只针对派生自 :exc:`Exception` 类的异常调用此方法。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:356 +msgid "" +"This function is called when the :attr:`timeout` attribute has been set to a" +" value other than :const:`None` and the timeout period has passed with no " +"requests being received. The default action for forking servers is to " +"collect the status of any child processes that have exited, while in " +"threading servers this method does nothing." +msgstr "" +"此函数会在 :attr:`timeout` 属性被设为 :const:`None` 以外的值并且在超出时限之后仍未收到请求时被调用。 " +"分叉服务器的默认行为是收集任何已退出的子进程状态，而在线程服务器中此方法则不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:365 +msgid "" +"Calls :meth:`finish_request` to create an instance of the " +":attr:`RequestHandlerClass`. If desired, this function can create a new " +"process or thread to handle the request; the :class:`ForkingMixIn` and " +":class:`ThreadingMixIn` classes do this." +msgstr "" +"调用 :meth:`finish_request` 来创建 :attr:`RequestHandlerClass` 的实例。 " +"如果需要，此函数可创建一个新的进程或线程来处理请求；:class:`ForkingMixIn` 和 :class:`ThreadingMixIn` " +"类能完成此任务。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Called by the server's constructor to activate the server. The default " +"behavior for a TCP server just invokes :meth:`~socket.socket.listen` on the " +"server's socket. May be overridden." +msgstr "" +"由服务器的构造器调用以激活服务器。 TCP 服务器的默认行为只是在服务器的套接字上唤起 :meth:`~socket.socket.listen`。 " +"可以被重载。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:384 +msgid "" +"Called by the server's constructor to bind the socket to the desired " +"address. May be overridden." +msgstr "由服务器的构造器调用以将套接字绑定到所需的地址。 可以被重载。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Must return a Boolean value; if the value is :const:`True`, the request will" +" be processed, and if it's :const:`False`, the request will be denied. This" +" function can be overridden to implement access controls for a server. The " +"default implementation always returns :const:`True`." +msgstr "" +"必须返回一个布尔值；如果值为 :const:`True`，请求将被处理。 而如果值为 :const:`False`，请求将被拒绝。 " +"此函数可被重载以实现服务器的访问控制。 默认实现总是返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Support for the :term:`context manager` protocol was added. Exiting the " +"context manager is equivalent to calling :meth:`server_close`." +msgstr "" +"添加了对 :term:`context manager` 协议的支持。 退出上下文管理器与调用 :meth:`server_close` 等效。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:402 +msgid "Request Handler Objects" +msgstr "请求处理器对象" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:406 +msgid "" +"This is the superclass of all request handler objects. It defines the " +"interface, given below. A concrete request handler subclass must define a " +"new :meth:`handle` method, and can override any of the other methods. A new" +" instance of the subclass is created for each request." +msgstr "" +"这是所有请求处理器对象的超类。 它定义了下文列出的接口。 一个实体请求处理器子类必须定义新的 :meth:`handle` 方法，并可重载任何其他方法。" +" 对于每个请求都会创建一个新的子类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:415 +msgid "" +"Called before the :meth:`handle` method to perform any initialization " +"actions required. The default implementation does nothing." +msgstr "会在 :meth:`handle` 方法之前被调用以执行任何必要的初始化操作。 默认实现不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:421 +msgid "" +"This function must do all the work required to service a request. The " +"default implementation does nothing. Several instance attributes are " +"available to it; the request is available as :attr:`request`; the client " +"address as :attr:`client_address`; and the server instance as " +":attr:`server`, in case it needs access to per-server information." +msgstr "" +"此函数必须执行为请求提供服务所需的全部操作。 默认实现不执行任何操作。 它有几个可用的实例属性；请求为 :attr:`request`；客户端地址为 " +":attr:`client_address`；服务器实例为 :attr:`server`，如果它需要访问特定服务器信息的话。, in case it " +"needs access to per-server information." + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:427 +msgid "" +"The type of :attr:`request` is different for datagram or stream services. " +"For stream services, :attr:`request` is a socket object; for datagram " +"services, :attr:`request` is a pair of string and socket." +msgstr "" +"针对数据报或流服务的 :attr:`request` 类型是不同的。 对于流服务，:attr:`request` " +"是一个套接字对象；对于数据报服务，:attr:`request` 是一对字符串于套接字。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:434 +msgid "" +"Called after the :meth:`handle` method to perform any clean-up actions " +"required. The default implementation does nothing. If :meth:`setup` raises" +" an exception, this function will not be called." +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`handle` 方法之后调用以执行任何需要的清理操作。 默认实现不执行任何操作。 如果 :meth:`setup` " +"引发了异常，此函数将不会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The *new* :class:`socket.socket` object to be used to communicate with the " +"client." +msgstr "将被用于同客户端通信的 *新* :class:`socket.socket` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:447 +msgid "Client address returned by :meth:`BaseServer.get_request`." +msgstr ":meth:`BaseServer.get_request` 所返回的客户端地址。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:452 +msgid ":class:`BaseServer` object used for handling the request." +msgstr "用于处理请求的 :class:`BaseServer` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:458 +msgid "" +"These :class:`BaseRequestHandler` subclasses override the " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.setup` and :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.finish` " +"methods, and provide :attr:`rfile` and :attr:`wfile` attributes." +msgstr "" +"这些 :class:`BaseRequestHandler` 子类重载了 :meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.setup` 和 " +":meth:`~BaseRequestHandler.finish` 方法，并提供了 :attr:`rfile` 和 :attr:`wfile` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:464 +msgid "" +"A file object from which receives the request is read. Support the " +":class:`io.BufferedIOBase` readable interface." +msgstr "用于读取所接受请求的文件对象。 支持 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 可读接口。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:469 +msgid "" +"A file object to which the reply is written. Support the " +":class:`io.BufferedIOBase` writable interface" +msgstr "用于写入所回复内容的文件对象。 支持 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 可写接口。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:473 +msgid "" +":attr:`wfile` also supports the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` writable " +"interface." +msgstr ":attr:`wfile` 也支持 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 可写接口。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:479 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:482 +msgid ":class:`socketserver.TCPServer` Example" +msgstr ":class:`socketserver.TCPServer` 示例" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:484 ../../library/socketserver.rst:595 +msgid "This is the server side::" +msgstr "以下是服务端::" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:486 +msgid "" +"import socketserver\n" +"\n" +"class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" The request handler class for our server.\n" +"\n" +" It is instantiated once per connection to the server, and must\n" +" override the handle() method to implement communication to the\n" +" client.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" # self.request is the TCP socket connected to the client\n" +" pieces = [b'']\n" +" total = 0\n" +" while b'\\n' not in pieces[-1] and total < 10_000:\n" +" pieces.append(self.request.recv(2000))\n" +" total += len(pieces[-1])\n" +" self.data = b''.join(pieces)\n" +" print(f\"Received from {self.client_address[0]}:\")\n" +" print(self.data.decode(\"utf-8\"))\n" +" # just send back the same data, but upper-cased\n" +" self.request.sendall(self.data.upper())\n" +" # after we return, the socket will be closed.\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +"\n" +" # Create the server, binding to localhost on port 9999\n" +" with socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler) as server:\n" +" # Activate the server; this will keep running until you\n" +" # interrupt the program with Ctrl-C\n" +" server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"import socketserver\n" +"\n" +"class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" The request handler class for our server.\n" +"\n" +" It is instantiated once per connection to the server, and must\n" +" override the handle() method to implement communication to the\n" +" client.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" # self.request 是连接到客户端的 TCP 套接字\n" +" pieces = [b'']\n" +" total = 0\n" +" while b'\\n' not in pieces[-1] and total < 10_000:\n" +" pieces.append(self.request.recv(2000))\n" +" total += len(pieces[-1])\n" +" self.data = b''.join(pieces)\n" +" print(f\"Received from {self.client_address[0]}:\")\n" +" print(self.data.decode(\"utf-8\"))\n" +" # 发回同样的数据，但转为大写形式\n" +" self.request.sendall(self.data.upper())\n" +" # 在我们返回后，套接字将被关闭。\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +"\n" +" # 创建服务器，绑定到 localhost 的 9999 端口\n" +" with socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler) as server:\n" +" # 激活服务器；它将持续运行直到你\n" +" # 使用 Ctrl-C 中断程序\n" +" server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:520 +msgid "" +"An alternative request handler class that makes use of streams (file-like " +"objects that simplify communication by providing the standard file " +"interface)::" +msgstr "一个使用流（通过提供标准文件接口来简化通信的文件型对象）的替代请求处理器类::" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:523 +msgid "" +"class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler):\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" # self.rfile is a file-like object created by the handler.\n" +" # We can now use e.g. readline() instead of raw recv() calls.\n" +" # We limit ourselves to 10000 bytes to avoid abuse by the sender.\n" +" self.data = self.rfile.readline(10000).rstrip()\n" +" print(f\"{self.client_address[0]} wrote:\")\n" +" print(self.data.decode(\"utf-8\"))\n" +" # Likewise, self.wfile is a file-like object used to write back\n" +" # to the client\n" +" self.wfile.write(self.data.upper())" +msgstr "" +"class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler):\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" # self.rfile 是由该处理器创建的文件型对象。\n" +" # 我们现在可以使用 readline() 代替原始 recv() 调用\n" +" # 我们自己限制为 10000 字节以避免被发送方滥用。\n" +" self.data = self.rfile.readline(10000).rstrip()\n" +" print(f\"{self.client_address[0]} wrote:\")\n" +" print(self.data.decode(\"utf-8\"))\n" +" # 类似地，self.wfile 是用于写回到客户端的\n" +" # 文件型对象\n" +" self.wfile.write(self.data.upper())" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:536 +msgid "" +"The difference is that the ``readline()`` call in the second handler will " +"call ``recv()`` multiple times until it encounters a newline character, " +"while the the first handler had to use a ``recv()`` loop to accumulate data " +"until a newline itself. If it had just used a single ``recv()`` without the" +" loop it would just have returned what has been received so far from the " +"client. TCP is stream based: data arrives in the order it was sent, but " +"there no correlation between client ``send()`` or ``sendall()`` calls and " +"the number of ``recv()`` calls on the server required to receive it." +msgstr "" +"区别在于第二个处理器的 ``readline()`` 调用将多次调用 ``recv()`` 直至遇到一个换行符，而第一个处理器必须使用一个 " +"``recv()`` 循环来累积数据直至遇到一个换行符。 如果它只使用一个 ``recv()`` 而不带循环则将只返回当前已从客户端接收的内容。 TCP" +" 是基于流的：数据将按其发送顺序到达，但在客户端 ``send()`` 或 ``sendall()`` 调用和服务端需要接收它的 ``recv()`` " +"调用数量之间并没有关联。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:546 ../../library/socketserver.rst:619 +msgid "This is the client side::" +msgstr "以下是客户端::" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:548 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +"data = \" \".join(sys.argv[1:])\n" +"\n" +"# Create a socket (SOCK_STREAM means a TCP socket)\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:\n" +" # Connect to server and send data\n" +" sock.connect((HOST, PORT))\n" +" sock.sendall(bytes(data, \"utf-8\"))\n" +" sock.sendall(b\"\\n\")\n" +"\n" +" # Receive data from the server and shut down\n" +" received = str(sock.recv(1024), \"utf-8\")\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Sent: \", data)\n" +"print(\"Received:\", received)" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +"data = \" \".join(sys.argv[1:])\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个套接字 (SOCK_STREAM 表示一个 TCP 套接字)\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:\n" +" # 连接到服务器并发送数据\n" +" sock.connect((HOST, PORT))\n" +" sock.sendall(bytes(data, \"utf-8\"))\n" +" sock.sendall(b\"\\n\")\n" +"\n" +" # 从服务器接收数据并关闭\n" +" received = str(sock.recv(1024), \"utf-8\")\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Sent: \", data)\n" +"print(\"Received:\", received)" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:568 ../../library/socketserver.rst:694 +msgid "The output of the example should look something like this:" +msgstr "这个示例程序的输出应该是像这样的:" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:570 +msgid "Server:" +msgstr "服务器:" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:572 +msgid "" +"$ python TCPServer.py\n" +"127.0.0.1 wrote:\n" +"b'hello world with TCP'\n" +"127.0.0.1 wrote:\n" +"b'python is nice'" +msgstr "" +"$ python TCPServer.py\n" +"127.0.0.1 wrote:\n" +"b'hello world with TCP'\n" +"127.0.0.1 wrote:\n" +"b'python is nice'" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:580 +msgid "Client:" +msgstr "客户端:" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:582 +msgid "" +"$ python TCPClient.py hello world with TCP\n" +"Sent: hello world with TCP\n" +"Received: HELLO WORLD WITH TCP\n" +"$ python TCPClient.py python is nice\n" +"Sent: python is nice\n" +"Received: PYTHON IS NICE" +msgstr "" +"$ python TCPClient.py hello world with TCP\n" +"Sent: hello world with TCP\n" +"Received: HELLO WORLD WITH TCP\n" +"$ python TCPClient.py python is nice\n" +"Sent: python is nice\n" +"Received: PYTHON IS NICE" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:593 +msgid ":class:`socketserver.UDPServer` Example" +msgstr ":class:`socketserver.UDPServer` 示例" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:597 +msgid "" +"import socketserver\n" +"\n" +"class MyUDPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This class works similar to the TCP handler class, except that\n" +" self.request consists of a pair of data and client socket, and since\n" +" there is no connection the client address must be given explicitly\n" +" when sending data back via sendto().\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" data = self.request[0].strip()\n" +" socket = self.request[1]\n" +" print(f\"{self.client_address[0]} wrote:\")\n" +" print(data)\n" +" socket.sendto(data.upper(), self.client_address)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +" with socketserver.UDPServer((HOST, PORT), MyUDPHandler) as server:\n" +" server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"import socketserver\n" +"\n" +"class MyUDPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" This class works similar to the TCP handler class, except that\n" +" self.request consists of a pair of data and client socket, and since\n" +" there is no connection the client address must be given explicitly\n" +" when sending data back via sendto().\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" data = self.request[0].strip()\n" +" socket = self.request[1]\n" +" print(f\"{self.client_address[0]} wrote:\")\n" +" print(data)\n" +" socket.sendto(data.upper(), self.client_address)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +" with socketserver.UDPServer((HOST, PORT), MyUDPHandler) as server:\n" +" server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:621 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +"data = \" \".join(sys.argv[1:])\n" +"\n" +"# SOCK_DGRAM is the socket type to use for UDP sockets\n" +"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)\n" +"\n" +"# As you can see, there is no connect() call; UDP has no connections.\n" +"# Instead, data is directly sent to the recipient via sendto().\n" +"sock.sendto(bytes(data + \"\\n\", \"utf-8\"), (HOST, PORT))\n" +"received = str(sock.recv(1024), \"utf-8\")\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Sent: \", data)\n" +"print(\"Received:\", received)" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 9999\n" +"data = \" \".join(sys.argv[1:])\n" +"\n" +"# SOCK_DGRAM 是用于 UDP 套接字的套接字类型\n" +"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)\n" +"\n" +"# 如你所见，没有 connect() 调用；UDP 没有连接。\n" +"# 数据是通过 sendto() 直接发给接收方的。\n" +"sock.sendto(bytes(data + \"\\n\", \"utf-8\"), (HOST, PORT))\n" +"received = str(sock.recv(1024), \"utf-8\")\n" +"\n" +"print(\"Sent: \", data)\n" +"print(\"Received:\", received)" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:638 +msgid "" +"The output of the example should look exactly like for the TCP server " +"example." +msgstr "这个示例程序的输出应该是与 TCP 服务器示例相一致的。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:642 +msgid "Asynchronous Mixins" +msgstr "异步混合类" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:644 +msgid "" +"To build asynchronous handlers, use the :class:`ThreadingMixIn` and " +":class:`ForkingMixIn` classes." +msgstr "要构建异步处理器，请使用 :class:`ThreadingMixIn` 和 :class:`ForkingMixIn` 类。" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:647 +msgid "An example for the :class:`ThreadingMixIn` class::" +msgstr ":class:`ThreadingMixIn` 类的示例::" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:649 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"import threading\n" +"import socketserver\n" +"\n" +"class ThreadedTCPRequestHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" data = str(self.request.recv(1024), 'ascii')\n" +" cur_thread = threading.current_thread()\n" +" response = bytes(\"{}: {}\".format(cur_thread.name, data), 'ascii')\n" +" self.request.sendall(response)\n" +"\n" +"class ThreadedTCPServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, socketserver.TCPServer):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def client(ip, port, message):\n" +" with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:\n" +" sock.connect((ip, port))\n" +" sock.sendall(bytes(message, 'ascii'))\n" +" response = str(sock.recv(1024), 'ascii')\n" +" print(\"Received: {}\".format(response))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" # Port 0 means to select an arbitrary unused port\n" +" HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 0\n" +"\n" +" server = ThreadedTCPServer((HOST, PORT), ThreadedTCPRequestHandler)\n" +" with server:\n" +" ip, port = server.server_address\n" +"\n" +" # Start a thread with the server -- that thread will then start one\n" +" # more thread for each request\n" +" server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)\n" +" # Exit the server thread when the main thread terminates\n" +" server_thread.daemon = True\n" +" server_thread.start()\n" +" print(\"Server loop running in thread:\", server_thread.name)\n" +"\n" +" client(ip, port, \"Hello World 1\")\n" +" client(ip, port, \"Hello World 2\")\n" +" client(ip, port, \"Hello World 3\")\n" +"\n" +" server.shutdown()" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"import threading\n" +"import socketserver\n" +"\n" +"class ThreadedTCPRequestHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):\n" +"\n" +" def handle(self):\n" +" data = str(self.request.recv(1024), 'ascii')\n" +" cur_thread = threading.current_thread()\n" +" response = bytes(\"{}: {}\".format(cur_thread.name, data), 'ascii')\n" +" self.request.sendall(response)\n" +"\n" +"class ThreadedTCPServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, socketserver.TCPServer):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def client(ip, port, message):\n" +" with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:\n" +" sock.connect((ip, port))\n" +" sock.sendall(bytes(message, 'ascii'))\n" +" response = str(sock.recv(1024), 'ascii')\n" +" print(\"Received: {}\".format(response))\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" # 端口 0 表示选择任意一个未使用的端口\n" +" HOST, PORT = \"localhost\", 0\n" +"\n" +" server = ThreadedTCPServer((HOST, PORT), ThreadedTCPRequestHandler)\n" +" with server:\n" +" ip, port = server.server_address\n" +"\n" +" # 启动一个服务器线程 -- 该线程将在此后\n" +" # 为每个请求再启动一个线程\n" +" server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)\n" +" # 在主线程终结时退出服务器线程\n" +" server_thread.daemon = True\n" +" server_thread.start()\n" +" print(\"Server loop running in thread:\", server_thread.name)\n" +"\n" +" client(ip, port, \"Hello World 1\")\n" +" client(ip, port, \"Hello World 2\")\n" +" client(ip, port, \"Hello World 3\")\n" +"\n" +" server.shutdown()" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:696 +msgid "" +"$ python ThreadedTCPServer.py\n" +"Server loop running in thread: Thread-1\n" +"Received: Thread-2: Hello World 1\n" +"Received: Thread-3: Hello World 2\n" +"Received: Thread-4: Hello World 3" +msgstr "" +"$ python ThreadedTCPServer.py\n" +"Server loop running in thread: Thread-1\n" +"Received: Thread-2: Hello World 1\n" +"Received: Thread-3: Hello World 2\n" +"Received: Thread-4: Hello World 3" + +#: ../../library/socketserver.rst:705 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ForkingMixIn` class is used in the same way, except that the " +"server will spawn a new process for each request. Available only on POSIX " +"platforms that support :func:`~os.fork`." +msgstr "" +":class:`ForkingMixIn` 类的使用方式是相同的，区别在于服务器将为每个请求产生一个新的进程。 仅在支持 " +":func:`~os.fork` 的 POSIX 系统平台上可用。" diff --git a/library/spwd.po b/library/spwd.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad69121c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/spwd.po @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汇民 王 , 2021 +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# Bryan不可思议, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Bryan不可思议, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`spwd` --- The shadow password database" +msgstr ":mod:`spwd` —— shadow 密码库" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`spwd` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#spwd>` for " +"details and alternatives)." +msgstr ":mod:`spwd` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#spwd>` 了解详情及其替代品）。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to the Unix shadow password database. It is " +"available on various Unix versions." +msgstr "该模块提供对 Unix shadow 密码库的访问能力。可用于各种 Unix 版本。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid ":ref:`Availability `: not Emscripten, not WASI." +msgstr ":ref:`可用性 `: 非 Emscripten，非 WASI。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms " +"``wasm32-emscripten`` and ``wasm32-wasi``. See :ref:`wasm-availability` for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 WebAssembly 平台 ``wasm32-emscripten`` 和 ``wasm32-wasi`` 上不适用或不可用。 请参阅 " +":ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:20 +msgid "" +"You must have enough privileges to access the shadow password database (this" +" usually means you have to be root)." +msgstr "访问 shadow 密码数据库须拥有足够的权限（通常意味着必须采用 root 账户）。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Shadow password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose " +"attributes correspond to the members of the ``spwd`` structure (Attribute " +"field below, see ````):" +msgstr "" +"shadow 密码库中的每条记录均表示为一个类似元组的对象，其属性对应着 ``spwd`` 结构的成员（下面列出了各属性字段，参见 ` " +"````）。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:28 +msgid "Index" +msgstr "索引" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:28 +msgid "Attribute" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:28 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:30 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:30 +msgid "``sp_namp``" +msgstr "``sp_namp``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:30 +msgid "Login name" +msgstr "登录名" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:32 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:32 +msgid "``sp_pwdp``" +msgstr "``sp_pwdp``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:32 +msgid "Encrypted password" +msgstr "加密后的密码" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:34 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:34 +msgid "``sp_lstchg``" +msgstr "``sp_lstchg``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:34 +msgid "Date of last change" +msgstr "最后修改日期" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:36 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:36 +msgid "``sp_min``" +msgstr "``sp_min``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:36 +msgid "Minimal number of days between changes" +msgstr "两次修改间隔的最小天数" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:39 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:39 +msgid "``sp_max``" +msgstr "``sp_max``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:39 +msgid "Maximum number of days between changes" +msgstr "两次修改间隔的最大天数" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:42 +msgid "5" +msgstr "5" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:42 +msgid "``sp_warn``" +msgstr "``sp_warn``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:42 +msgid "Number of days before password expires to warn user about it" +msgstr "提前警告用户密码过期的天数" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:45 +msgid "6" +msgstr "6" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:45 +msgid "``sp_inact``" +msgstr "``sp_inact``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:45 +msgid "Number of days after password expires until account is disabled" +msgstr "密码过期至账户禁用之间的天数" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:49 +msgid "7" +msgstr "7" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:49 +msgid "``sp_expire``" +msgstr "``sp_expire``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:49 +msgid "Number of days since 1970-01-01 when account expires" +msgstr "账户过期的天数，自 1970-01-01 算起" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:52 +msgid "8" +msgstr "8" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:52 +msgid "``sp_flag``" +msgstr "``sp_flag``" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:52 +msgid "Reserved" +msgstr "保留字段" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The sp_namp and sp_pwdp items are strings, all others are integers. " +":exc:`KeyError` is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found." +msgstr "sp_namp 和 sp_pwdp 条目是字符串，其他的均为整数。 如果未找到所需条目则会触发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:58 +msgid "The following functions are defined:" +msgstr "定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:63 +msgid "Return the shadow password database entry for the given user name." +msgstr "返回指定用户名的 shadow 密码库记录。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Raises a :exc:`PermissionError` instead of :exc:`KeyError` if the user " +"doesn't have privileges." +msgstr "如果当前用户权限不足，会触发 :exc:`PermissionError`，而非 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Return a list of all available shadow password database entries, in " +"arbitrary order." +msgstr "返回所有可用的 shadow 密码库记录列表，顺序随机。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:77 +msgid "Module :mod:`grp`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`grp`" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:78 +msgid "An interface to the group database, similar to this." +msgstr "针对用户组数据库的接口，与本模块类似。" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:80 +msgid "Module :mod:`pwd`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`pwd`" + +#: ../../library/spwd.rst:81 +msgid "An interface to the normal password database, similar to this." +msgstr "访问普通密码库的接口，与本模块类似。" diff --git a/library/sqlite3.po b/library/sqlite3.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc3349954 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sqlite3.po @@ -0,0 +1,4012 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# stone jing , 2022 +# ppcfish , 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# LeeWendao , 2022 +# char46 , 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Jason Ren, 2023 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2023 +# Qinyu Chen, 2023 +# Kade For, 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!sqlite3` --- DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases" +msgstr ":mod:`!sqlite3` --- SQLite 数据库的 DB-API 2.0 接口" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/sqlite3/`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/sqlite3/`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:25 +msgid "" +"SQLite is a C library that provides a lightweight disk-based database that " +"doesn't require a separate server process and allows accessing the database " +"using a nonstandard variant of the SQL query language. Some applications can" +" use SQLite for internal data storage. It's also possible to prototype an " +"application using SQLite and then port the code to a larger database such as" +" PostgreSQL or Oracle." +msgstr "" +"SQLite 是一个C语言库，它可以提供一种轻量级的基于磁盘的数据库，这种数据库不需要独立的服务器进程，也允许需要使用一种非标准的 SQL " +"查询语言来访问它。一些应用程序可以使用 SQLite 作为内部数据存储。可以用它来创建一个应用程序原型，然后再迁移到更大的数据库，比如 " +"PostgreSQL 或 Oracle。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:32 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sqlite3` module was written by Gerhard Häring. It provides an " +"SQL interface compliant with the DB-API 2.0 specification described by " +":pep:`249`, and requires SQLite 3.15.2 or newer." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` 模块由 Gerhard Häring 编写。 它提供了 :pep:`249` 所描述的符合 DB-API 2.0 规范的" +" SQL 接口，并要求使用 SQLite 3.15.2 或更新的版本。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:36 +msgid "This document includes four main sections:" +msgstr "本文档包括了四个主要部分：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:38 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-tutorial` teaches how to use the :mod:`!sqlite3` module." +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-tutorial` 将教你如何使用 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:39 +msgid "" +":ref:`sqlite3-reference` describes the classes and functions this module " +"defines." +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-reference` 描述了该模块定义的类与函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:41 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-howtos` details how to handle specific tasks." +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-howtos` 详细介绍了如何处理一些特定的任务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:42 +msgid "" +":ref:`sqlite3-explanation` provides in-depth background on transaction " +"control." +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-explanation` 提供了关于事务控制（transaction control）的更深一步的背景。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:47 +msgid "https://www.sqlite.org" +msgstr "https://www.sqlite.org" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:48 +msgid "" +"The SQLite web page; the documentation describes the syntax and the " +"available data types for the supported SQL dialect." +msgstr "SQLite的主页；它的文档详细描述了它所支持的 SQL 方言的语法和可用的数据类型。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:51 +msgid "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/" +msgstr "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:52 +msgid "Tutorial, reference and examples for learning SQL syntax." +msgstr "学习 SQL 语法的教程、参考和例子。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:54 +msgid ":pep:`249` - Database API Specification 2.0" +msgstr ":pep:`249` - DB-API 2.0 规范" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:55 +msgid "PEP written by Marc-André Lemburg." +msgstr "PEP 由 Marc-André Lemburg 撰写。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:68 +msgid "Tutorial" +msgstr "教程" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:70 +msgid "" +"In this tutorial, you will create a database of Monty Python movies using " +"basic :mod:`!sqlite3` functionality. It assumes a fundamental understanding " +"of database concepts, including `cursors`_ and `transactions`_." +msgstr "" +"在本篇教程中，你将会使用 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块的基本功能创建一个存储 Monty Python " +"的电影作品信息的数据库。本篇教程假定您在阅读前对于数据库的基本概念有所了解，例如 `cursors`_ 与 `transactions`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:75 +msgid "" +"First, we need to create a new database and open a database connection to " +"allow :mod:`!sqlite3` to work with it. Call :func:`sqlite3.connect` to " +"create a connection to the database :file:`tutorial.db` in the current " +"working directory, implicitly creating it if it does not exist:" +msgstr "" +"首先，我们需要创建一个新的数据库并打开一个数据库连接以允许 :mod:`!sqlite3` 通过它来动作。 调用 " +":func:`sqlite3.connect` 来创建与当前工作目录下 :file:`tutorial.db` " +"数据库的连接，如果它不存在则会隐式地创建它:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:81 +msgid "" +"import sqlite3\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\"tutorial.db\")" +msgstr "" +"import sqlite3\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\"tutorial.db\")" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:86 +msgid "" +"The returned :class:`Connection` object ``con`` represents the connection to" +" the on-disk database." +msgstr "" +"上面的代码中，返回的 :class:`Connection` 对象 ``con`` 代表一个与在磁盘上的数据库（on-disk databse）的连接。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:89 +msgid "" +"In order to execute SQL statements and fetch results from SQL queries, we " +"will need to use a database cursor. Call :meth:`con.cursor() " +"` to create the :class:`Cursor`:" +msgstr "" +"为了执行 SQL 语句并且从 SQL 查询中取得结果，我们需要使用游标 (cursor) 。在下面的代码中，我们调用函数 " +":meth:`con.cursor() ` 创建了一个游标 (:class:`Cursor`) ：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:93 +msgid "cur = con.cursor()" +msgstr "cur = con.cursor()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Now that we've got a database connection and a cursor, we can create a " +"database table ``movie`` with columns for title, release year, and review " +"score. For simplicity, we can just use column names in the table declaration" +" -- thanks to the `flexible typing`_ feature of SQLite, specifying the data " +"types is optional. Execute the ``CREATE TABLE`` statement by calling " +":meth:`cur.execute(...) `:" +msgstr "" +"通过上面的操作，我们已经得到了与数据库的连接 (connection) 与游标 (cursor) ，现在我们便可以在数据库中创建一张名为 " +"``movie`` 的表了，它包括电影名 （title，在下方代码中对应“title”）、上映年份（release " +"year，在下方代码中对应“year”）以及电影评分（review " +"score，在下方代码中对应“score”）这三列。在本篇教程中，出于简洁的考虑，我们在创建表的 SQL 语句声明中只列出表头名 (column " +"names) ，而没有像一般的 SQL 语句那样同时声明数据列的对应数据类型 —— 这一点得益于 SQLite 的 `flexible typing`_" +" 特性，它使得我们在使用 SQLite 时，指明数据类型这一项工作时可选的。如下面的代码所示，我们通过调用函数 " +":meth:`cur.excute(...) ` 执行创建表格的 ``CREATE TABLE`` 语句：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:106 +msgid "cur.execute(\"CREATE TABLE movie(title, year, score)\")" +msgstr "cur.execute(\"CREATE TABLE movie(title, year, score)\")" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:113 +msgid "" +"We can verify that the new table has been created by querying the " +"``sqlite_master`` table built-in to SQLite, which should now contain an " +"entry for the ``movie`` table definition (see `The Schema Table`_ for " +"details). Execute that query by calling :meth:`cur.execute(...) " +"`, assign the result to ``res``, and call " +":meth:`res.fetchone() ` to fetch the resulting row:" +msgstr "" +"我们可以通过查询 SQLite 内置的 ``sqlite_matser`` 表以验证新表是否已经创建，本例中，此时该表应该已经包括了一条 " +"``movie`` 的表定义（更多内容请参考 `The Schema Table`_ ）。下面的代码将通过调用函数 " +":meth:`cur.excute(...) ` 执行查询，把结果赋给 ``res`` ，而后调用 " +":meth:`res.fetchone() ` 获取结果行：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:121 +msgid "" +">>> res = cur.execute(\"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master\")\n" +">>> res.fetchone()\n" +"('movie',)" +msgstr "" +">>> res = cur.execute(\"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master\")\n" +">>> res.fetchone()\n" +"('movie',)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:127 +msgid "" +"We can see that the table has been created, as the query returns a " +":class:`tuple` containing the table's name. If we query ``sqlite_master`` " +"for a non-existent table ``spam``, :meth:`!res.fetchone` will return " +"``None``:" +msgstr "" +"我们可以看到表已被创建，因为查询结果返回了一个包含表名的 :class:`tuple`。 如果我们在 ``sqlite_master`` " +"中查询一个不存在的表 ``spam``，则 :meth:`!res.fetchone` 将返回 ``None``:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:132 +msgid "" +">>> res = cur.execute(\"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name='spam'\")\n" +">>> res.fetchone() is None\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> res = cur.execute(\"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name='spam'\")\n" +">>> res.fetchone() is None\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Now, add two rows of data supplied as SQL literals by executing an " +"``INSERT`` statement, once again by calling :meth:`cur.execute(...) " +"`:" +msgstr "" +"现在，让我们再次调用 :meth:`cur.execute(...) ` 去添加由 SQL 字面量 (literals)" +" 提供的两行数据：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:142 +msgid "" +"cur.execute(\"\"\"\n" +" INSERT INTO movie VALUES\n" +" ('Monty Python and the Holy Grail', 1975, 8.2),\n" +" ('And Now for Something Completely Different', 1971, 7.5)\n" +"\"\"\")" +msgstr "" +"cur.execute(\"\"\"\n" +" INSERT INTO movie VALUES\n" +" ('Monty Python and the Holy Grail', 1975, 8.2),\n" +" ('And Now for Something Completely Different', 1971, 7.5)\n" +"\"\"\")" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:150 +msgid "" +"The ``INSERT`` statement implicitly opens a transaction, which needs to be " +"committed before changes are saved in the database (see " +":ref:`sqlite3-controlling-transactions` for details). Call " +":meth:`con.commit() ` on the connection object to commit " +"the transaction:" +msgstr "" +"``INSERT`` 语句将隐式地创建一个事务 (transaction) ，事务需要在将更改保存到数据库前提交（更多细节请参考 " +":ref:`sqlite3-controlling-transactions` ）。我们通过在一个连接对象（本例中为 ``con``）上调用 " +":meth:`con.commit() ` 提交事务：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:156 +msgid "con.commit()" +msgstr "con.commit()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:160 +msgid "" +"We can verify that the data was inserted correctly by executing a ``SELECT``" +" query. Use the now-familiar :meth:`cur.execute(...) ` to " +"assign the result to ``res``, and call :meth:`res.fetchall() " +"` to return all resulting rows:" +msgstr "" +"我们可以通过执行一个 ``SELECT`` 查询以验证数据是否被正确地插入表中。下面的代码中，我们使用我们已经很熟悉的函数 " +":meth:`cur.execute(...) ` 将查询结果赋给 ``res`` ，而后调用 " +":meth:`res.fetchall() ` 返回所有的结果行：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:166 +msgid "" +">>> res = cur.execute(\"SELECT score FROM movie\")\n" +">>> res.fetchall()\n" +"[(8.2,), (7.5,)]" +msgstr "" +">>> res = cur.execute(\"SELECT score FROM movie\")\n" +">>> res.fetchall()\n" +"[(8.2,), (7.5,)]" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:172 +msgid "" +"The result is a :class:`list` of two :class:`!tuple`\\s, one per row, each " +"containing that row's ``score`` value." +msgstr "" +"上面的代码中，结果是一个包含了两个元组 (:class:`!tuple`) 的列表 (:class:`list`) " +"，其中每一个元组代表一个数据行，每个数据行都包括该行的 ``score`` 值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Now, insert three more rows by calling :meth:`cur.executemany(...) " +"`:" +msgstr "现在，让我们调用 :meth:`cur.executemany(...) ` 再插入三行数据：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:178 +msgid "" +"data = [\n" +" (\"Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl\", 1982, 7.9),\n" +" (\"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\", 1983, 7.5),\n" +" (\"Monty Python's Life of Brian\", 1979, 8.0),\n" +"]\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO movie VALUES(?, ?, ?)\", data)\n" +"con.commit() # Remember to commit the transaction after executing INSERT." +msgstr "" +"data = [\n" +" (\"Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl\", 1982, 7.9),\n" +" (\"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\", 1983, 7.5),\n" +" (\"Monty Python's Life of Brian\", 1979, 8.0),\n" +"]\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO movie VALUES(?, ?, ?)\", data)\n" +"con.commit() # 记得在执行 INSERT 之后提交事务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Notice that ``?`` placeholders are used to bind ``data`` to the query. " +"Always use placeholders instead of :ref:`string formatting `" +" to bind Python values to SQL statements, to avoid `SQL injection attacks`_ " +"(see :ref:`sqlite3-placeholders` for more details)." +msgstr "" +"请注意，占位符 (placeholders) ``?`` 是用来在查询中绑定数据 ``data`` 的。在绑定 Python 的值到 SQL " +"语句中时，请使用占位符取代格式化字符串 (:ref:`string formatting ` ) 以避免 `SQL " +"注入攻击`_ （更多细节请参见 :ref:`sqlite3-placeholders` ）。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:194 +msgid "" +"We can verify that the new rows were inserted by executing a ``SELECT`` " +"query, this time iterating over the results of the query:" +msgstr "同样的，我们可以通过执行 ``SELECT`` 查询验证新的数据行是否已经插入表中，这一次我们将迭代查询的结果：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:198 +msgid "" +">>> for row in cur.execute(\"SELECT year, title FROM movie ORDER BY year\"):\n" +"... print(row)\n" +"(1971, 'And Now for Something Completely Different')\n" +"(1975, 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail')\n" +"(1979, \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\")\n" +"(1982, 'Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl')\n" +"(1983, \"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\")" +msgstr "" +">>> for row in cur.execute(\"SELECT year, title FROM movie ORDER BY year\"):\n" +"... print(row)\n" +"(1971, 'And Now for Something Completely Different')\n" +"(1975, 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail')\n" +"(1979, \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\")\n" +"(1982, 'Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl')\n" +"(1983, \"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\")" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Each row is a two-item :class:`tuple` of ``(year, title)``, matching the " +"columns selected in the query." +msgstr "" +"如上可见，每一行都是包括 ``(year,title)`` 这两个元素的元组 (:class:`tuple` ) ，它与我们查询中选中的数据列相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:211 +msgid "" +"Finally, verify that the database has been written to disk by calling " +":meth:`con.close() ` to close the existing connection, " +"opening a new one, creating a new cursor, then querying the database:" +msgstr "" +"最后，让我们先通过调用 :meth:`con.close() ` " +"关闭现存的与数据库的连接，而后打开一个新的连接、创建一个新的游标、执行一个新的查询以验证我们是否将数据库写入到了本地磁盘上：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:216 +msgid "" +">>> con.close()\n" +">>> new_con = sqlite3.connect(\"tutorial.db\")\n" +">>> new_cur = new_con.cursor()\n" +">>> res = new_cur.execute(\"SELECT title, year FROM movie ORDER BY score DESC\")\n" +">>> title, year = res.fetchone()\n" +">>> print(f'The highest scoring Monty Python movie is {title!r}, released in {year}')\n" +"The highest scoring Monty Python movie is 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail', released in 1975\n" +">>> new_con.close()" +msgstr "" +">>> con.close()\n" +">>> new_con = sqlite3.connect(\"tutorial.db\")\n" +">>> new_cur = new_con.cursor()\n" +">>> res = new_cur.execute(\"SELECT title, year FROM movie ORDER BY score DESC\")\n" +">>> title, year = res.fetchone()\n" +">>> print(f'The highest scoring Monty Python movie is {title!r}, released in {year}')\n" +"The highest scoring Monty Python movie is 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail', released in 1975\n" +">>> new_con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:227 +msgid "" +"You've now created an SQLite database using the :mod:`!sqlite3` module, " +"inserted data and retrieved values from it in multiple ways." +msgstr "现在您已经成功地使用模块 :mod:`!sqlite3` 创建了一个 SQLite 数据库，并且学会了以多种方式往其中插入数据与检索值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:239 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-howtos` for further reading:" +msgstr "阅读 :ref:`sqlite3-howtos` 以获取更多信息：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:241 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-placeholders`" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-placeholders`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:242 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-adapters`" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-adapters`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:243 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-converters`" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-converters`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:244 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:618 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-connection-context-manager`" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-connection-context-manager`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:245 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-howto-row-factory`" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-howto-row-factory`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:247 +msgid "" +":ref:`sqlite3-explanation` for in-depth background on transaction control." +msgstr "参阅 :ref:`sqlite3-explanation` 以获取关于事务控制的更深一步的背景。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:252 +msgid "Reference" +msgstr "参考" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:260 +msgid "Module functions" +msgstr "模块函数" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:268 +msgid "Open a connection to an SQLite database." +msgstr "打开一个与 SQLite 数据库的连接。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:0 +msgid "Parameters" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:270 +msgid "" +"The path to the database file to be opened. You can pass ``\":memory:\"`` to" +" create an `SQLite database existing only in memory " +"`_, and open a connection to it." +msgstr "" +"要撕开的数据库文件的路径。 你可以传入 ``\":memory:\"`` 来创建一个 `仅存在于内存中的 SQLite 数据库 " +"`_，并打开它的一个连接。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:277 +msgid "" +"How many seconds the connection should wait before raising an " +":exc:`OperationalError` when a table is locked. If another connection opens " +"a transaction to modify a table, that table will be locked until the " +"transaction is committed. Default five seconds." +msgstr "" +"当一个表被锁定时连接在最终引发 :exc:`OperationalError` 之前应该等待多少秒。 " +"如果另一个链接开启了一个事务来修改一个表，该表将被锁定直到该事务完成提交。 默认值为五秒。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Control whether and how data types not :ref:`natively supported by SQLite " +"` are looked up to be converted to Python types, using the " +"converters registered with :func:`register_converter`. Set it to any " +"combination (using ``|``, bitwise or) of :const:`PARSE_DECLTYPES` and " +":const:`PARSE_COLNAMES` to enable this. Column names takes precedence over " +"declared types if both flags are set. By default (``0``), type detection is " +"disabled." +msgstr "" +"控制是否以及如何查找要转换为 Python 类型的非 :ref:`SQLite 原生支持的 ` 数据类型，将使用通过 " +":func:`register_converter` 注册的转换器。 将它设置为 :const:`PARSE_DECLTYPES` 和 " +":const:`PARSE_COLNAMES` 的任意组合 (使用 ``|``，即按位或) 来启用此选项。 " +"如果这两个旗标都已设置则列名将优先于声明的类型。 当为默认值 (``0``) 时，类型检测将被禁用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Control legacy transaction handling behaviour. See " +":attr:`Connection.isolation_level` and :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-" +"isolation-level` for more information. Can be ``\"DEFERRED\"`` (default), " +"``\"EXCLUSIVE\"`` or ``\"IMMEDIATE\"``; or ``None`` to disable opening " +"transactions implicitly. Has no effect unless :attr:`Connection.autocommit` " +"is set to :const:`~sqlite3.LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` (the default)." +msgstr "" +"控制旧式的事务处理行为。 更多信息请参阅 :attr:`Connection.isolation_level` 和 " +":ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-isolation-level`。 可以为 ``\"DEFERRED\"`` " +"(默认值)、``\"EXCLUSIVE\"`` 或 ``\"IMMEDIATE\"``；或者为 ``None`` 表示禁止隐式地开启事务。 除非 " +":attr:`Connection.autocommit` 设为 " +":const:`~sqlite3.LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` (默认值) 否则没有任何影响。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:305 +msgid "" +"If ``True`` (default), :exc:`ProgrammingError` will be raised if the " +"database connection is used by a thread other than the one that created it. " +"If ``False``, the connection may be accessed in multiple threads; write " +"operations may need to be serialized by the user to avoid data corruption. " +"See :attr:`threadsafety` for more information." +msgstr "" +"如果为 ``True`` (默认)，则 :exc:`ProgrammingError` 将在数据库连接被它的创建者以外的线程使用时被引发。 如果为 " +"``False``，则连接可以在多个线程中被访问；写入操作需要由用户者进行序列化以避免数据损坏。 请参阅 :attr:`threadsafety` " +"了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:314 +msgid "" +"A custom subclass of :class:`Connection` to create the connection with, if " +"not the default :class:`Connection` class." +msgstr "" +"如果您不想使用默认的 :class:`Connection` 类创建连接，那么您可以通过传入一个自定义的 :class:`Connection` " +"类的子类给该参数以创建连接。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:318 +msgid "" +"The number of statements that :mod:`!sqlite3` should internally cache for " +"this connection, to avoid parsing overhead. By default, 128 statements." +msgstr "" +"该参数指明 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块应该为该连接进行内部缓存的语句 (statements) 数量。默认情况下，它的值为128。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:323 +msgid "" +"If set to ``True``, *database* is interpreted as a :abbr:`URI (Uniform " +"Resource Identifier)` with a file path and an optional query string. The " +"scheme part *must* be ``\"file:\"``, and the path can be relative or " +"absolute. The query string allows passing parameters to SQLite, enabling " +"various :ref:`sqlite3-uri-tricks`." +msgstr "" +"如果将该参数的值设置为 ``True``，参数 *database* 将会被解释为一个由文件路径与可选的查询字符串组成的 :abbr:`URI " +"(Uniform Resource Identifier)` 链接。链接的前缀协议部分 (schema part) *必需* 是 " +"``\"file:\"`` ，后面的文件路径可以是相对路径或绝对路径。查询字符串允许向 SQLite 传递参数，以实现不同的 " +":ref:`sqlite3-uri-tricks`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Control :pep:`249` transaction handling behaviour. See " +":attr:`Connection.autocommit` and :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-" +"autocommit` for more information. *autocommit* currently defaults to " +":const:`~sqlite3.LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`. The default will change to " +"``False`` in a future Python release." +msgstr "" +"控制 :pep:`249` 事务处理行为。 更多信息参见 :attr:`Connection.autocommit` 和 " +":ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-autocommit`。 *autocommit* 目前默认值为 " +":const:`~sqlite3.LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`。 在未来的 Python 版本中默认值将变为 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:0 +msgid "Return type" +msgstr "返回类型" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:343 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sqlite3.connect`` with argument" +" ``database``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sqlite3.connect`` 并附带参数 ``database``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sqlite3.connect/handle`` with " +"argument ``connection_handle``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sqlite3.connect/handle`` 并附带参数 " +"``connection_handle``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:346 +msgid "Added the *uri* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *uri* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:349 +msgid "" +"*database* can now also be a :term:`path-like object`, not only a string." +msgstr "*database* 现在可以是一个 :term:`path-like object` 对象了，而不仅仅是字符串。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:352 +msgid "Added the ``sqlite3.connect/handle`` auditing event." +msgstr "增加了 ``sqlite3.connect/handle`` 审计事件。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:355 +msgid "Added the *autocommit* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *autocommit* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:358 +msgid "" +"Positional use of the parameters *timeout*, *detect_types*, " +"*isolation_level*, *check_same_thread*, *factory*, *cached_statements*, and " +"*uri* is deprecated. They will become keyword-only parameters in Python " +"3.15." +msgstr "" +"形参 *timeout*, *detect_types*, *isolation_level*, *check_same_thread*, " +"*factory*, *cached_statements*, 和 *uri* 用作为位置参数做法已被弃用。 它们将在 Python 3.15 " +"中成为限仅关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the string *statement* appears to contain one or more " +"complete SQL statements. No syntactic verification or parsing of any kind is" +" performed, other than checking that there are no unclosed string literals " +"and the statement is terminated by a semicolon." +msgstr "" +"如果传入的字符串语句 (statement) 看起来像是包括一条或多条完整的 SQL 语句，那么该函数将返回 ``True`` " +"。请注意，除了检查未封闭的字符串字面 (unclosed string literals) 以及语句是否以分号结束外，它不会执行任何的语法检查 " +"(syntactic verification) 与语法解析 (synatatic parsing) 。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:372 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:374 +msgid "" +">>> sqlite3.complete_statement(\"SELECT foo FROM bar;\")\n" +"True\n" +">>> sqlite3.complete_statement(\"SELECT foo\")\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> sqlite3.complete_statement(\"SELECT foo FROM bar;\")\n" +"True\n" +">>> sqlite3.complete_statement(\"SELECT foo\")\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:381 +msgid "" +"This function may be useful during command-line input to determine if the " +"entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement, or if additional input " +"is needed before calling :meth:`~Cursor.execute`." +msgstr "" +"该函数可能在这样的情形下非常有用：在通过命令行 (command-line) 输入数据时，可使用该函数判断输入文本是否可以构成一个完成的 SQL " +"语句，或者判断在调用函数 :meth:`~Cursor.execute` 前是否还需要额外的输入。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:385 +msgid "" +"See :func:`!runsource` in :source:`Lib/sqlite3/__main__.py` for real-world " +"use." +msgstr "请参阅 :source:`Lib/sqlite3/__main__.py` 中的 :func:`!runsource` 了解实际使用情况。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Enable or disable callback tracebacks. By default you will not get any " +"tracebacks in user-defined functions, aggregates, converters, authorizer " +"callbacks etc. If you want to debug them, you can call this function with " +"*flag* set to ``True``. Afterwards, you will get tracebacks from callbacks " +"on :data:`sys.stderr`. Use ``False`` to disable the feature again." +msgstr "" +"是否启用回调回溯 (callback tracebacks) 。默认情况下，在 SQLite 中，您不会在用户定义的函数、聚合函数 " +"(aggregates) 、转换函数 (converters) 、验证回调函数 (authorizer callbacks) " +"等中得到任何回溯信息。如果您想调试它们，您可以在将形式参数 *flag* 设置为 ``True`` 的情况下调用该函数。之后您便可以从 " +":data:`sys.stderr` 的回调中得到回溯信息。使用 ``False`` 将再次禁用该功能。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Errors in user-defined function callbacks are logged as unraisable " +"exceptions. Use an :func:`unraisable hook handler ` for " +"introspection of the failed callback." +msgstr "" +"用户自定义函数回调中的错误将被记录为不可引发的异常。 请使用 :func:`不可引发的钩子处理器 ` " +"执行对失败回调的内省。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Register an *adapter* :term:`callable` to adapt the Python type *type* into " +"an SQLite type. The adapter is called with a Python object of type *type* as" +" its sole argument, and must return a value of a :ref:`type that SQLite " +"natively understands `." +msgstr "" +"注册 *adapter* :term:`callable` 以将 Python 类型 *type* 适配为一个 SQLite 类型。 " +"该适配器在调用时会传入一个 *type* 类型的 Python 对象作为其唯一参数，并且必须返回一个 :ref:`SQLite 原生支持的类型 " +"` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Register the *converter* :term:`callable` to convert SQLite objects of type " +"*typename* into a Python object of a specific type. The converter is invoked" +" for all SQLite values of type *typename*; it is passed a :class:`bytes` " +"object and should return an object of the desired Python type. Consult the " +"parameter *detect_types* of :func:`connect` for information regarding how " +"type detection works." +msgstr "" +"注册 *converter* :term:`callable` 以将 *typename* 类型的 SQLite 对象转换为一个特定类型的 Python" +" 对象。转换器会针对所有类型为 *typename* 的 SQLite 值唤起；它会传递一个 :class:`bytes` 对象并且应该返回一个所需的 " +"Python 类型的对象。 请参阅 :func:`connect` 的 *detect_types* 形参了解有关类型检测工作方式的详情。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:421 +msgid "" +"Note: *typename* and the name of the type in your query are matched case-" +"insensitively." +msgstr "注：*typename* 以及您在查询中使用的类型名是不大小写敏感的。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:428 +msgid "Module constants" +msgstr "模块常量" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Set :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` to this constant to select old style " +"(pre-Python 3.12) transaction control behaviour. See " +":ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-isolation-level` for more information." +msgstr "" +"将 :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` 设为该常量以选择旧式（Python 3.12 之前）事务控制行为。 更多信息请参阅 " +":ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-isolation-level`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:438 +msgid "" +"Pass this flag value to the *detect_types* parameter of :func:`connect` to " +"look up a converter function using the declared types for each column. The " +"types are declared when the database table is created. :mod:`!sqlite3` will " +"look up a converter function using the first word of the declared type as " +"the converter dictionary key. For example:" +msgstr "" +"将这个旗标值传递给 :func:`connect` 的 *detect_types* " +"形参，以使用创建数据库表时为每列声明的类型的查找转换器函数。:mod:`!sqlite3` " +"将使用声明类型的第一个单词作为转换字典键来查找转换函数。例如：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:446 +msgid "" +"CREATE TABLE test(\n" +" i integer primary key, ! will look up a converter named \"integer\"\n" +" p point, ! will look up a converter named \"point\"\n" +" n number(10) ! will look up a converter named \"number\"\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"CREATE TABLE test(\n" +" i integer primary key, ! 将查找名为 \"integer\" 的转换器\n" +" p point, ! 将查找名为 \"point\" 的转换器\n" +" n number(10) ! 将查找名为 \"number\" 的转换器\n" +" )" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:454 +msgid "" +"This flag may be combined with :const:`PARSE_COLNAMES` using the ``|`` " +"(bitwise or) operator." +msgstr "此旗标可以使用 ``|`` （位或）运算符与 :const:`PARSE_COLNAMES` 组合。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:459 +msgid "" +"Generated fields (for example ``MAX(p)``) are returned as :class:`str`. Use " +":const:`!PARSE_COLNAMES` to enforce types for such queries." +msgstr "" +"生成的字段 (例如 ``MAX(p)``) 将作为 :class:`str` 返回。 使用 :const:`!PARSE_COLNAMES` " +"为这样的查询设置类型。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Pass this flag value to the *detect_types* parameter of :func:`connect` to " +"look up a converter function by using the type name, parsed from the query " +"column name, as the converter dictionary key. The query column name must be " +"wrapped in double quotes (``\"``) and the type name must be wrapped in " +"square brackets (``[]``)." +msgstr "" +"将这个旗标值传递给 :func:`connect` 的 *detect_types* " +"形参以使用类型名称来查找转换器函数，类型名称解析自查询列名，将作为转换器字典键。 查询列名必须包装在双引号 (``\"``) " +"中而类型名称必须包装在方括号 (``[]``) 中。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:471 +msgid "SELECT MAX(p) as \"p [point]\" FROM test; ! will look up converter \"point\"" +msgstr "SELECT MAX(p) as \"p [point]\" FROM test; ! 将查找转换器 \"point\"" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:475 +msgid "" +"This flag may be combined with :const:`PARSE_DECLTYPES` using the ``|`` " +"(bitwise or) operator." +msgstr "此旗标可以使用 ``|`` （位或）运算符与 :const:`PARSE_DECLTYPES` 组合。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Flags that should be returned by the *authorizer_callback* :term:`callable` " +"passed to :meth:`Connection.set_authorizer`, to indicate whether:" +msgstr "" +"应当由传给 :meth:`Connection.set_authorizer` 的 *authorizer_callback* " +":term:`callable` 返回的旗标，用于指明是否:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:485 +msgid "Access is allowed (:const:`!SQLITE_OK`)," +msgstr "访问被允许（:const:`!SQLITE_OK`）。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The SQL statement should be aborted with an error (:const:`!SQLITE_DENY`)" +msgstr "SQL语句伴异常的执行失败（:const:`!SQLITE_DENY`）。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:487 +msgid "" +"The column should be treated as a ``NULL`` value (:const:`!SQLITE_IGNORE`)" +msgstr "该列应被视为NULL（:const:`!SQLITE_IGNORE`）。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:491 +msgid "" +"String constant stating the supported DB-API level. Required by the DB-API. " +"Hard-coded to ``\"2.0\"``." +msgstr "指明所支持的 DB-API 级别的字符串常量。 根据 DB-API 的需要设置。 硬编码为 ``\"2.0\"``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:496 +msgid "" +"String constant stating the type of parameter marker formatting expected by " +"the :mod:`!sqlite3` module. Required by the DB-API. Hard-coded to " +"``\"qmark\"``." +msgstr "指明 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块所预期的形参标记格式化类型。 根据 DB-API 的需要设置。 硬编码为 ``\"qmark\"``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:502 +msgid "The ``named`` DB-API parameter style is also supported." +msgstr "``named`` DB-API 形参风格也受到支持。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Version number of the runtime SQLite library as a :class:`string `." +msgstr "以 :class:`字符串 ` 表示的运行时 SQLite 库版本号。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Version number of the runtime SQLite library as a :class:`tuple` of " +":class:`integers `." +msgstr "以 :class:`整数 ` :class:`tuple` 表示的运行时. SQLite 库版本号。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:515 +msgid "" +"Integer constant required by the DB-API 2.0, stating the level of thread " +"safety the :mod:`!sqlite3` module supports. This attribute is set based on " +"the default `threading mode `_ the " +"underlying SQLite library is compiled with. The SQLite threading modes are:" +msgstr "" +"DB-API 2.0 所要求的整数常量，指明 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块支持的线程安全级别。 该属性将基于编译下层 SQLite " +"库所使用的默认 `线程模式 `_ 来设置。 SQLite 的线程模式有:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:520 +msgid "" +"**Single-thread**: In this mode, all mutexes are disabled and SQLite is " +"unsafe to use in more than a single thread at once." +msgstr "**Single-thread**: 在此模式下，所有的互斥都被禁用并且 SQLite 同时在多个线程中使用将是不安全的。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:522 +msgid "" +"**Multi-thread**: In this mode, SQLite can be safely used by multiple " +"threads provided that no single database connection is used simultaneously " +"in two or more threads." +msgstr "" +"**Multi-thread**: 在此模式下，只要单个数据库连接没有被同时用于两个或多个线程之中 SQLite 就可以安全地被多个线程所使用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:525 +msgid "" +"**Serialized**: In serialized mode, SQLite can be safely used by multiple " +"threads with no restriction." +msgstr "**Serialized**: 在序列化模式下，SQLite 可以安全地被多个线程所使用而没有额外的限制。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:528 +msgid "" +"The mappings from SQLite threading modes to DB-API 2.0 threadsafety levels " +"are as follows:" +msgstr "从 SQLite 线程模式到 DB-API 2.0 线程安全级别的映射关系如下:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:532 +msgid "SQLite threading mode" +msgstr "SQLite 线程模式" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:532 +msgid ":pep:`threadsafety <0249#threadsafety>`" +msgstr ":pep:`threadsafety <0249#threadsafety>`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:532 +msgid "`SQLITE_THREADSAFE`_" +msgstr "`SQLITE_THREADSAFE`_" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:532 +msgid "DB-API 2.0 meaning" +msgstr "DB-API 2.0 含义" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:535 +msgid "single-thread" +msgstr "single-thread" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:535 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:535 +msgid "Threads may not share the module" +msgstr "各个线程不能共享模块" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:538 +msgid "multi-thread" +msgstr "multi-thread" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:538 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:541 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:538 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:538 +msgid "Threads may share the module, but not connections" +msgstr "线程可以共享模块，但不能共享连接" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:541 +msgid "serialized" +msgstr "serialized" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:541 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:541 +msgid "Threads may share the module, connections and cursors" +msgstr "线程可以共享模块、连接和游标Threads may share the module, connections and cursors" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:547 +msgid "Set *threadsafety* dynamically instead of hard-coding it to ``1``." +msgstr "动态设置 *threadsafety* 而不是将其硬编码为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:552 +msgid "" +"Version number of this module as a :class:`string `. This is not the " +"version of the SQLite library." +msgstr "此模块 :class:`字符串 ` 形式的版本号。 这不是 SQLite 库的版本号。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:555 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:565 +msgid "" +"This constant used to reflect the version number of the ``pysqlite`` " +"package, a third-party library which used to upstream changes to " +":mod:`!sqlite3`. Today, it carries no meaning or practical value." +msgstr "" +"这个常量原本是用于反映 ``pysqlite`` 包的版本号，它是一个用于对 :mod:`!sqlite3` 进行上游修改的第三方库。 " +"如今它已不具任何意义或实用价值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Version number of this module as a :class:`tuple` of :class:`integers " +"`. This is not the version of the SQLite library." +msgstr "" +"此模块 :class:`整数 ` :class:`tuple` 形式的版本号。 这不是 SQLite 库的版本号。library." + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:589 +msgid "" +"These constants are used for the :meth:`Connection.setconfig` and " +":meth:`~Connection.getconfig` methods." +msgstr "" +"这些常量被用于 :meth:`Connection.setconfig` 和 :meth:`~Connection.getconfig` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:592 +msgid "" +"The availability of these constants varies depending on the version of " +"SQLite Python was compiled with." +msgstr "这些常量的可用性会根据 Python 编译时使用的 SQLite 版本而发生变化。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:599 +msgid "https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html" +msgstr "https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:600 +msgid "SQLite docs: Database Connection Configuration Options" +msgstr "SQLite 文档：数据库连接配置选项" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:606 +msgid "Connection objects" +msgstr "连接对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:610 +msgid "" +"Each open SQLite database is represented by a ``Connection`` object, which " +"is created using :func:`sqlite3.connect`. Their main purpose is creating " +":class:`Cursor` objects, and :ref:`sqlite3-controlling-transactions`." +msgstr "" +"每个打开的 SQLite 数据库均以 ``Connection`` 对象来表示，这种对象是使用 :func:`sqlite3.connect` 创建的。" +" 它们的主要目的是创建 :class:`Cursor` 对象，以及 :ref:`sqlite3-controlling-transactions`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:617 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-connection-shortcuts`" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-connection-shortcuts`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:623 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is emitted if :meth:`close` is not called before a " +":class:`!Connection` object is deleted." +msgstr "" +"如果未在 :class:`!Connection` 对象被删除前调用 :meth:`close` 则会发出 " +":exc:`ResourceWarning`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:626 +msgid "" +"An SQLite database connection has the following attributes and methods:" +msgstr "SQLite 数据库连接对象有如下的属性和方法：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Create and return a :class:`Cursor` object. The cursor method accepts a " +"single optional parameter *factory*. If supplied, this must be a " +":term:`callable` returning an instance of :class:`Cursor` or its subclasses." +msgstr "" +"创建并返回 :class:`Cursor` 对象。 cursor 方法接受一个可选参数 *factory*。 如果提供了这个参数，它必须是一个 " +":term:`callable` 并且返回 :class:`Cursor` 或其子类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:637 +msgid "" +"Open a :class:`Blob` handle to an existing :abbr:`BLOB (Binary Large " +"OBject)`." +msgstr "打开一个已有的 :abbr:`BLOB（二进制大型对象）` :class:`Blob` 句柄。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:640 +msgid "The name of the table where the blob is located." +msgstr "二进制大对象 blob 所在表的名称。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:643 +msgid "The name of the column where the blob is located." +msgstr "二进制大对象 blob 所在表的列名。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:646 +msgid "The name of the row where the blob is located." +msgstr "二进制大对象 blob 所在的列名。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:649 +msgid "" +"Set to ``True`` if the blob should be opened without write permissions. " +"Defaults to ``False``." +msgstr "如果 blob 应当不带写入权限打开则设为 ``True``。 默认为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:654 +msgid "" +"The name of the database where the blob is located. Defaults to " +"``\"main\"``." +msgstr "二进制大对象 blob 所在的数据库名。 默认为 ``\"main\"``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:0 +msgid "Raises" +msgstr "引发" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:658 +msgid "When trying to open a blob in a ``WITHOUT ROWID`` table." +msgstr "当尝试打开 ``WITHOUT ROWID`` 的表中的某个 blob 时。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:665 +msgid "" +"The blob size cannot be changed using the :class:`Blob` class. Use the SQL " +"function ``zeroblob`` to create a blob with a fixed size." +msgstr "" +"blob 的大小无法使用 :class:`Blob` 类来修改。 可使用 SQL 函数 ``zeroblob`` 来创建固定大小的 blob。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:672 +msgid "" +"Commit any pending transaction to the database. If :attr:`autocommit` is " +"``True``, or there is no open transaction, this method does nothing. If " +":attr:`!autocommit` is ``False``, a new transaction is implicitly opened if " +"a pending transaction was committed by this method." +msgstr "" +"向数据库提交任何待处理事务。 如果 :attr:`autocommit` 为 ``True``，或者没有已开启的事务，则此方法不会做任何操作。 如果 " +":attr:`!autocommit` 为 ``False``，则如果有一个待处理事务被此方法提交则会隐式地开启一个新事务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:680 +msgid "" +"Roll back to the start of any pending transaction. If :attr:`autocommit` is " +"``True``, or there is no open transaction, this method does nothing. If " +":attr:`!autocommit` is ``False``, a new transaction is implicitly opened if " +"a pending transaction was rolled back by this method." +msgstr "" +"回滚到任何待处理事务的起始位置。 如果 :attr:`autocommit` 为 ``True``，或者没有已开启的事务，则此方法不会做任何操作。 " +"如果:attr:`!autocommit` 为 ``False``，则如果此方法回滚了一个待处理事务则会隐式地开启一个新事务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:688 +msgid "" +"Close the database connection. If :attr:`autocommit` is ``False``, any " +"pending transaction is implicitly rolled back. If :attr:`!autocommit` is " +"``True`` or :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`, no implicit transaction " +"control is executed. Make sure to :meth:`commit` before closing to avoid " +"losing pending changes." +msgstr "" +"关闭数据库连接。 如果 :attr:`autocommit` 为 ``False``，则任何待处理事务都会被隐式地回滚。 如果 " +":attr:`!autocommit` 为 ``True`` 或 " +":data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`，则不会执行隐式的事务控制。 请确保在关闭之前 :meth:`commit` " +"以避免丢失待处理的更改。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:698 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`Cursor` object and call :meth:`~Cursor.execute` on it " +"with the given *sql* and *parameters*. Return the new cursor object." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的 :class:`Cursor` 对象，并在其上使用给出的 *sql* 和 *parameters* 调用 " +":meth:`~Cursor.execute`。 返回新的游标对象。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`Cursor` object and call :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on " +"it with the given *sql* and *parameters*. Return the new cursor object." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的 :class:`Cursor` 对象，并在其上使用给出的 *sql* 和 *parameters* 调用 " +":meth:`~Cursor.executemany`。 返回新的游标对象。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:710 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`Cursor` object and call :meth:`~Cursor.executescript` " +"on it with the given *sql_script*. Return the new cursor object." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的 :class:`Cursor` 对象，并在其上使用给出的 *sql_script* 调用 " +":meth:`~Cursor.executescript`。 返回新的游标对象。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:716 +msgid "Create or remove a user-defined SQL function." +msgstr "创建或移除用户定义的 SQL 函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:718 +msgid "The name of the SQL function." +msgstr "SQL 函数的名称。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:721 +msgid "" +"The number of arguments the SQL function can accept. If ``-1``, it may take " +"any number of arguments." +msgstr "SQL 函数可接受的参数数量，如果是 ``-1``，则该函数可以接受任意数量的参数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:725 +msgid "" +"A :term:`callable` that is called when the SQL function is invoked. The " +"callable must return :ref:`a type natively supported by SQLite " +"`. Set to ``None`` to remove an existing SQL function." +msgstr "" +"当该 SQL 函数被唤起时将会调用的 :term:`callable`。 该可调用对象必须返回 :ref:`一个 SQLite 原生支持的类型 " +"`。 设为 ``None`` 将移除现有的 SQL 函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:732 +msgid "" +"If ``True``, the created SQL function is marked as `deterministic " +"`_, which allows SQLite to perform " +"additional optimizations." +msgstr "" +"如为 ``True``，创建的 SQL 函数将被标记为 `deterministic " +"`_，这允许 SQLite 执行额外的优化。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:737 +msgid "Added the *deterministic* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *deterministic* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:740 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:784 +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:852 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1131 +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1553 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1596 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:742 +msgid "" +">>> import hashlib\n" +">>> def md5sum(t):\n" +"... return hashlib.md5(t).hexdigest()\n" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.create_function(\"md5\", 1, md5sum)\n" +">>> for row in con.execute(\"SELECT md5(?)\", (b\"foo\",)):\n" +"... print(row)\n" +"('acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8',)\n" +">>> con.close()" +msgstr "" +">>> import hashlib\n" +">>> def md5sum(t):\n" +"... return hashlib.md5(t).hexdigest()\n" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.create_function(\"md5\", 1, md5sum)\n" +">>> for row in con.execute(\"SELECT md5(?)\", (b\"foo\",)):\n" +"... print(row)\n" +"('acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8',)\n" +">>> con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Passing *name*, *narg*, and *func* as keyword arguments is deprecated. These" +" parameters will become positional-only in Python 3.15." +msgstr "" +"将 *name*, *narg* 和 *func* 作为关键字参数传入的做法已被弃用。 这些形参将在 Python 3.15 中成为仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:762 +msgid "Create or remove a user-defined SQL aggregate function." +msgstr "创建或移除用户自定义的 SQL 聚合函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:764 +msgid "The name of the SQL aggregate function." +msgstr "SQL 聚合函数的名称。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:767 +msgid "" +"The number of arguments the SQL aggregate function can accept. If ``-1``, it" +" may take any number of arguments." +msgstr "SQL 聚合函数可接受的参数数量。 如为 ``-1``，则可以接受任意数量的参数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:771 +msgid "" +"A class must implement the following methods: * ``step()``: Add a row to " +"the aggregate. * ``finalize()``: Return the final result of the aggregate as" +" :ref:`a type natively supported by SQLite `. The number " +"of arguments that the ``step()`` method must accept is controlled by " +"*n_arg*. Set to ``None`` to remove an existing SQL aggregate function." +msgstr "" +"一个类必须实现下列方法: * ``step()``: 向聚合添加一行。 * ``finalize()``: 将聚合的最终结果作为 :ref:`一个 " +"SQLite 原生支持的类型 ` 返回。 ``step()`` 方法需要接受的参数数量是由 *n_arg* 控制的。 设为" +" ``None`` 将移除现有的 SQL 聚合函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:772 +msgid "A class must implement the following methods:" +msgstr "此类必须实现以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:774 +msgid "``step()``: Add a row to the aggregate." +msgstr "``step()``: 向聚合添加一行。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:775 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:836 +msgid "" +"``finalize()``: Return the final result of the aggregate as :ref:`a type " +"natively supported by SQLite `." +msgstr "" +"``finalize()``: 将聚合的最终结果作为 :ref:`一个 SQLite 原生支持的类型 ` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:778 +msgid "" +"The number of arguments that the ``step()`` method must accept is controlled" +" by *n_arg*." +msgstr "``step()`` 方法所必须接受的参数数量是由 *n_arg* 控制的。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:781 +msgid "Set to ``None`` to remove an existing SQL aggregate function." +msgstr "设为 ``None`` 以移除现有的 SQL 聚合函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:786 +msgid "" +"class MySum:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.count = 0\n" +"\n" +" def step(self, value):\n" +" self.count += value\n" +"\n" +" def finalize(self):\n" +" return self.count\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.create_aggregate(\"mysum\", 1, MySum)\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(i)\")\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(i) VALUES(1)\")\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(i) VALUES(2)\")\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT mysum(i) FROM test\")\n" +"print(cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"class MySum:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.count = 0\n" +"\n" +" def step(self, value):\n" +" self.count += value\n" +"\n" +" def finalize(self):\n" +" return self.count\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.create_aggregate(\"mysum\", 1, MySum)\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(i)\")\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(i) VALUES(1)\")\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(i) VALUES(2)\")\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT mysum(i) FROM test\")\n" +"print(cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:815 +msgid "" +"Passing *name*, *n_arg*, and *aggregate_class* as keyword arguments is " +"deprecated. These parameters will become positional-only in Python 3.15." +msgstr "" +"将 *name*, *n_arg* 和 *aggregate_class* 作为关键字参数传入的做法已被弃用。 这些形参将在 Python 3.15 " +"中成为仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:821 +msgid "Create or remove a user-defined aggregate window function." +msgstr "创建或移除用户定义的聚合窗口函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:823 +msgid "The name of the SQL aggregate window function to create or remove." +msgstr "要创建或移除的 SQL 聚合窗口函数的名称。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:826 +msgid "" +"The number of arguments the SQL aggregate window function can accept. If " +"``-1``, it may take any number of arguments." +msgstr "SQL 聚合窗口函数可接受的参数数量。 如为 ``-1``，则可以接受任意数量的参数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:830 +msgid "" +"A class that must implement the following methods: * ``step()``: Add a row " +"to the current window. * ``value()``: Return the current value of the " +"aggregate. * ``inverse()``: Remove a row from the current window. * " +"``finalize()``: Return the final result of the aggregate as :ref:`a type " +"natively supported by SQLite `. The number of arguments that" +" the ``step()`` and ``value()`` methods must accept is controlled by " +"*num_params*. Set to ``None`` to remove an existing SQL aggregate window " +"function." +msgstr "" +"一个必须实现下列方法的类: * ``step()``: 向当前窗口添加一行。 * ``value()``: 返回聚合的当前值。 * " +"``inverse()``: 从当前窗口移除一行。 * ``finalize()``: 将聚合的最终结果作为 :ref:`一个 SQLite " +"原生支持的类型 ` 返回。 ``step()`` 和 ``value()`` 方法需要接受的参数数量是由 " +"*num_params* 控制的。 设为 ``None`` 将移除现有的 SQL 聚合窗口函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:831 +msgid "A class that must implement the following methods:" +msgstr "此类必须实现以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:833 +msgid "``step()``: Add a row to the current window." +msgstr "``step()``: 向当前窗口添加一行。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:834 +msgid "``value()``: Return the current value of the aggregate." +msgstr "``value()``: 返回聚合的当前值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:835 +msgid "``inverse()``: Remove a row from the current window." +msgstr "``inverse()``: 从当前窗口移除一行。Remove a row from the current window." + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:839 +msgid "" +"The number of arguments that the ``step()`` and ``value()`` methods must " +"accept is controlled by *num_params*." +msgstr "``step()`` 和 ``value()`` 方法需要接受的参数数量是由 *num_params* 控制的。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:842 +msgid "Set to ``None`` to remove an existing SQL aggregate window function." +msgstr "设为 ``None`` 将移除现有的 SQL 聚合窗口函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:844 +msgid "" +"If used with a version of SQLite older than 3.25.0, which does not support " +"aggregate window functions." +msgstr "如果在早于 SQLite 3.25.0，不支持聚合窗口函数的版本上使用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:854 +msgid "" +"# Example taken from https://www.sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html#udfwinfunc\n" +"class WindowSumInt:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.count = 0\n" +"\n" +" def step(self, value):\n" +" \"\"\"Add a row to the current window.\"\"\"\n" +" self.count += value\n" +"\n" +" def value(self):\n" +" \"\"\"Return the current value of the aggregate.\"\"\"\n" +" return self.count\n" +"\n" +" def inverse(self, value):\n" +" \"\"\"Remove a row from the current window.\"\"\"\n" +" self.count -= value\n" +"\n" +" def finalize(self):\n" +" \"\"\"Return the final value of the aggregate.\n" +"\n" +" Any clean-up actions should be placed here.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" return self.count\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(x, y)\")\n" +"values = [\n" +" (\"a\", 4),\n" +" (\"b\", 5),\n" +" (\"c\", 3),\n" +" (\"d\", 8),\n" +" (\"e\", 1),\n" +"]\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO test VALUES(?, ?)\", values)\n" +"con.create_window_function(\"sumint\", 1, WindowSumInt)\n" +"cur.execute(\"\"\"\n" +" SELECT x, sumint(y) OVER (\n" +" ORDER BY x ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING\n" +" ) AS sum_y\n" +" FROM test ORDER BY x\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +"print(cur.fetchall())\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"# 来自 https://www.sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html#udfwinfunc 的示例\n" +"class WindowSumInt:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.count = 0\n" +"\n" +" def step(self, value):\n" +" \"\"\"添加一行到当前窗口。\"\"\"\n" +" self.count += value\n" +"\n" +" def value(self):\n" +" \"\"\"返回聚合的当前值。\"\"\"\n" +" return self.count\n" +"\n" +" def inverse(self, value):\n" +" \"\"\"从当前窗口移除一行。\"\"\"\n" +" self.count -= value\n" +"\n" +" def finalize(self):\n" +" \"\"\"返回聚合的最终值。\n" +"\n" +" 任何清理动作都应放在此处。\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" return self.count\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(x, y)\")\n" +"values = [\n" +" (\"a\", 4),\n" +" (\"b\", 5),\n" +" (\"c\", 3),\n" +" (\"d\", 8),\n" +" (\"e\", 1),\n" +"]\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO test VALUES(?, ?)\", values)\n" +"con.create_window_function(\"sumint\", 1, WindowSumInt)\n" +"cur.execute(\"\"\"\n" +" SELECT x, sumint(y) OVER (\n" +" ORDER BY x ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING\n" +" ) AS sum_y\n" +" FROM test ORDER BY x\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +"print(cur.fetchall())\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:908 +msgid "" +"Create a collation named *name* using the collating function *callable*. " +"*callable* is passed two :class:`string ` arguments, and it should " +"return an :class:`integer `:" +msgstr "" +"使用排序函数 *callable* 创建一个名为 *name* 的排序规则。 *callable* 被传递给两个 :class:`字符串 ` " +"参数，并且它应该返回一个 :class:`整数 `。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:912 +msgid "``1`` if the first is ordered higher than the second" +msgstr "如果前者的排序高于后者则为 ``1``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:913 +msgid "``-1`` if the first is ordered lower than the second" +msgstr "如果前者的排序低于于后者则为 ``-1``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:914 +msgid "``0`` if they are ordered equal" +msgstr "如果它们的顺序相同则为 ``0``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:916 +msgid "The following example shows a reverse sorting collation:" +msgstr "下面的例子显示了一个反向排序的排序方法:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:918 +msgid "" +"def collate_reverse(string1, string2):\n" +" if string1 == string2:\n" +" return 0\n" +" elif string1 < string2:\n" +" return 1\n" +" else:\n" +" return -1\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.create_collation(\"reverse\", collate_reverse)\n" +"\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(x)\")\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO test(x) VALUES(?)\", [(\"a\",), (\"b\",)])\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT x FROM test ORDER BY x COLLATE reverse\")\n" +"for row in cur:\n" +" print(row)\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"def collate_reverse(string1, string2):\n" +" if string1 == string2:\n" +" return 0\n" +" elif string1 < string2:\n" +" return 1\n" +" else:\n" +" return -1\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.create_collation(\"reverse\", collate_reverse)\n" +"\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(x)\")\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO test(x) VALUES(?)\", [(\"a\",), (\"b\",)])\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT x FROM test ORDER BY x COLLATE reverse\")\n" +"for row in cur:\n" +" print(row)\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:944 +msgid "Remove a collation function by setting *callable* to ``None``." +msgstr "通过将 *callable* 设为 ``None`` 来移除一个排序规则函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:946 +msgid "" +"The collation name can contain any Unicode character. Earlier, only ASCII " +"characters were allowed." +msgstr "排序规则的名称可以包含任意 Unicode 字符。 在之前，只允许 ASCII 字符。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:953 +msgid "" +"Call this method from a different thread to abort any queries that might be " +"executing on the connection. Aborted queries will raise an " +":exc:`OperationalError`." +msgstr "从其他的线程调用此方法以中止可能正在连接上执行的任何查询。 被中止的查询将引发 :exc:`OperationalError`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:960 +msgid "" +"Register :term:`callable` *authorizer_callback* to be invoked for each " +"attempt to access a column of a table in the database. The callback should " +"return one of :const:`SQLITE_OK`, :const:`SQLITE_DENY`, or " +":const:`SQLITE_IGNORE` to signal how access to the column should be handled " +"by the underlying SQLite library." +msgstr "" +"注册 :term:`callable` *authorizer_callback* 用于在每次尝试访问数据库中表的某一列时被唤起。 该回调应当返回 " +":const:`SQLITE_OK`、:const:`SQLITE_DENY` 或 :const:`SQLITE_IGNORE` 中的一个以提示下层 " +"SQLite 库应当如何处理对该列的访问。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:967 +msgid "" +"The first argument to the callback signifies what kind of operation is to be" +" authorized. The second and third argument will be arguments or ``None`` " +"depending on the first argument. The 4th argument is the name of the " +"database (\"main\", \"temp\", etc.) if applicable. The 5th argument is the " +"name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for the access " +"attempt or ``None`` if this access attempt is directly from input SQL code." +msgstr "" +"该回调的第一个参数指明哪种操作将被授权。 第二个和第三个参数根据第一个参数的具体值将为传给操作的参数或为 ``None``。 " +"第四个参数如果适用则为数据库名称（\"main\", \"temp\" 等）。 " +"第五个参数是负责尝试访问的最内层触发器或视图的名称或者如果该尝试访问是直接来自输入的 SQL 代码的话则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:974 +msgid "" +"Please consult the SQLite documentation about the possible values for the " +"first argument and the meaning of the second and third argument depending on" +" the first one. All necessary constants are available in the :mod:`!sqlite3`" +" module." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 SQLite 文档了解第一个参数可能的值以及依赖于第一个参数的第二个和第三个参数的含义。 所有必需的常量均在 :mod:`!sqlite3` " +"模块中可用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:978 +msgid "Passing ``None`` as *authorizer_callback* will disable the authorizer." +msgstr "将 ``None`` 作为 *authorizer_callback* 传入将禁用授权回调。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:980 +msgid "Added support for disabling the authorizer using ``None``." +msgstr "增加对使用 ``None`` 禁用授权回调的支持。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Passing *authorizer_callback* as a keyword argument is deprecated. The " +"parameter will become positional-only in Python 3.15." +msgstr "" +"将 *authorizer_callback* 作为关键字参数传入的做法已被弃用。 该形参将在 Python 3.15 中成为仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:990 +msgid "" +"Register :term:`callable` *progress_handler* to be invoked for every *n* " +"instructions of the SQLite virtual machine. This is useful if you want to " +"get called from SQLite during long-running operations, for example to update" +" a GUI." +msgstr "" +"注册 :term:`callable` *progress_handler* 以针对 SQLite 虚拟机的每 *n* 条指令被唤起。 " +"如果你想要在长时间运行的操作，例如更新 GUI 期间获得来自 SQLite 的调用这将很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:995 +msgid "" +"If you want to clear any previously installed progress handler, call the " +"method with ``None`` for *progress_handler*." +msgstr "如果你想清除任何先前安装的进度处理器，可在调用该方法时传入 ``None`` 作为 *progress_handler*。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Returning a non-zero value from the handler function will terminate the " +"currently executing query and cause it to raise a :exc:`DatabaseError` " +"exception." +msgstr "从处理函数返回非零值将终止当前正在执行的查询并导致它引发 :exc:`DatabaseError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"Passing *progress_handler* as a keyword argument is deprecated. The " +"parameter will become positional-only in Python 3.15." +msgstr "将 *progress_handler* 作为关键字参数传入的做法已被弃用。 该形参将在 Python 3.15 中成为仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"Register :term:`callable` *trace_callback* to be invoked for each SQL " +"statement that is actually executed by the SQLite backend." +msgstr "注册 :term:`callable` *trace_callback* 以针对 SQLite 后端实际执行的每条 SQL 语句被唤起。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"The only argument passed to the callback is the statement (as :class:`str`) " +"that is being executed. The return value of the callback is ignored. Note " +"that the backend does not only run statements passed to the " +":meth:`Cursor.execute` methods. Other sources include the :ref:`transaction" +" management ` of the :mod:`!sqlite3` " +"module and the execution of triggers defined in the current database." +msgstr "" +"传给该回调的唯一参数是被执行的语句 (作为 :class:`str`)。 回调的返回值将被忽略。 请注意后端不仅会运行传给 " +":meth:`Cursor.execute` 方法的语句。 其他来源还包括 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块的 :ref:`事务管理 " +"` 以及在当前数据库中定义的触发器的执行。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1020 +msgid "Passing ``None`` as *trace_callback* will disable the trace callback." +msgstr "传入 ``None`` 作为 *trace_callback* 将禁用追踪回调。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"Exceptions raised in the trace callback are not propagated. As a development" +" and debugging aid, use :meth:`~sqlite3.enable_callback_tracebacks` to " +"enable printing tracebacks from exceptions raised in the trace callback." +msgstr "" +"在跟踪回调中产生的异常不会被传播。作为开发和调试的辅助手段，使用 :meth:`~sqlite3.enable_callback_tracebacks`" +" 来启用打印跟踪回调中产生的异常的回调。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"Passing *trace_callback* as a keyword argument is deprecated. The parameter " +"will become positional-only in Python 3.15." +msgstr "将 *trace_callback* 作为关键字参数传入的做法已被弃用。 该形参将在 Python 3.15 中成为仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"Enable the SQLite engine to load SQLite extensions from shared libraries if " +"*enabled* is ``True``; else, disallow loading SQLite extensions. SQLite " +"extensions can define new functions, aggregates or whole new virtual table " +"implementations. One well-known extension is the fulltext-search extension " +"distributed with SQLite." +msgstr "" +"如果 *enabled* 为 ``True`` 则允许 SQLite 从共享库加载 SQLite 扩展；否则，不允许加载 SQLite 扩展。 " +"SQLite 扩展可以定义新的函数、聚合或全新的虚拟表实现。 一个知名的扩展是与随同 SQLite 一起分发的全文搜索扩展。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sqlite3` module is not built with loadable extension support by " +"default, because some platforms (notably macOS) have SQLite libraries which " +"are compiled without this feature. To get loadable extension support, you " +"must pass the :option:`--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions` option to " +":program:`configure`." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块的构建没有附带可加载扩展支持，因为某些平台（主要是 macOS）上的 SQLite " +"库在编译时未启用此特性。 要获得可加载扩展支持，你必须将 :option:`--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions` " +"选项传给 :program:`configure`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sqlite3.enable_load_extension``" +" with arguments ``connection``, ``enabled``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sqlite3.enable_load_extension`` 并附带参数 " +"``connection``, ``enabled``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1057 +msgid "Added the ``sqlite3.enable_load_extension`` auditing event." +msgstr "增加了 ``sqlite3.enable_load_extension`` 审计事件。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1063 +msgid "" +"con.enable_load_extension(True)\n" +"\n" +"# Load the fulltext search extension\n" +"con.execute(\"select load_extension('./fts3.so')\")\n" +"\n" +"# alternatively you can load the extension using an API call:\n" +"# con.load_extension(\"./fts3.so\")\n" +"\n" +"# disable extension loading again\n" +"con.enable_load_extension(False)\n" +"\n" +"# example from SQLite wiki\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE recipe USING fts3(name, ingredients)\")\n" +"con.executescript(\"\"\"\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('broccoli stew', 'broccoli peppers cheese tomatoes');\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('pumpkin stew', 'pumpkin onions garlic celery');\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('broccoli pie', 'broccoli cheese onions flour');\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('pumpkin pie', 'pumpkin sugar flour butter');\n" +" \"\"\")\n" +"for row in con.execute(\"SELECT rowid, name, ingredients FROM recipe WHERE name MATCH 'pie'\"):\n" +" print(row)" +msgstr "" +"con.enable_load_extension(True)\n" +"\n" +"# 加载 fts (fulltext search) 扩展\n" +"con.execute(\"select load_extension('./fts3.so')\")\n" +"\n" +"# 你也可以使用 API 调用来加载该扩展：\n" +"# con.load_extension(\"./fts3.so\")\n" +"\n" +"# 禁止扩展再次加载\n" +"con.enable_load_extension(False)\n" +"\n" +"# 来自 SQLite wiki 的示例\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE recipe USING fts3(name, ingredients)\")\n" +"con.executescript(\"\"\"\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('broccoli stew', 'broccoli peppers cheese tomatoes');\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('pumpkin stew', 'pumpkin onions garlic celery');\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('broccoli pie', 'broccoli cheese onions flour');\n" +" INSERT INTO recipe (name, ingredients) VALUES('pumpkin pie', 'pumpkin sugar flour butter');\n" +" \"\"\")\n" +"for row in con.execute(\"SELECT rowid, name, ingredients FROM recipe WHERE name MATCH 'pie'\"):\n" +" print(row)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"Load an SQLite extension from a shared library. Enable extension loading " +"with :meth:`enable_load_extension` before calling this method." +msgstr "从共享库加载 SQLite 扩展。 请在调用此方法前通过 :meth:`enable_load_extension` 来启用扩展加载。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1093 +msgid "The path to the SQLite extension." +msgstr "SQLite 扩展的路径。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"Entry point name. If ``None`` (the default), SQLite will come up with an " +"entry point name of its own; see the SQLite docs `Loading an Extension`_ for" +" details." +msgstr "" +"入口点名称。 如果为 ``None`` (默认值)，SQLite 将自行生成入口点名称；请参阅 SQLite 文档 `Loading an " +"Extension`_ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1106 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sqlite3.load_extension`` with " +"arguments ``connection``, ``path``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sqlite3.load_extension`` 并附带参数 ``connection``," +" ``path``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1110 +msgid "Added the ``sqlite3.load_extension`` auditing event." +msgstr "增加了 ``sqlite3.load_extension`` 审计事件。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1113 +msgid "Added the *entrypoint* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *entrypoint* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"Return an :term:`iterator` to dump the database as SQL source code. Useful " +"when saving an in-memory database for later restoration. Similar to the " +"``.dump`` command in the :program:`sqlite3` shell." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`iterator` 用来将数据库转储为 SQL 源代码。 在保存内存数据库以便将来恢复时很有用处。 类似于 " +":program:`sqlite3` shell 中的 ``.dump`` 命令。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"An optional ``LIKE`` pattern for database objects to dump, e.g. " +"``prefix_%``. If ``None`` (the default), all database objects will be " +"included." +msgstr "" +"可选的 ``LIKE`` 模式用于确定要转储的数据库对象，例如 ``prefix_%``。 如为 ``None`` (默认值)，则将包括所有数据库对象。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"# Convert file example.db to SQL dump file dump.sql\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\n" +"with open('dump.sql', 'w') as f:\n" +" for line in con.iterdump():\n" +" f.write('%s\\n' % line)\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"# 将文件 example.db 转换为 SQL 转储文件 dump.sql\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\n" +"with open('dump.sql', 'w') as f:\n" +" for line in con.iterdump():\n" +" f.write('%s\\n' % line)\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1144 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1218 +msgid ":ref:`sqlite3-howto-encoding`" +msgstr ":ref:`sqlite3-howto-encoding`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1146 +msgid "Added the *filter* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *filter* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1151 +msgid "Create a backup of an SQLite database." +msgstr "创建 SQLite 数据库的备份。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"Works even if the database is being accessed by other clients or " +"concurrently by the same connection." +msgstr "即使数据库是通过其他客户端访问或通过同一连接并发访问也是有效的。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1156 +msgid "The database connection to save the backup to." +msgstr "用于保存备份的数据库连接。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1159 +msgid "" +"The number of pages to copy at a time. If equal to or less than ``0``, the " +"entire database is copied in a single step. Defaults to ``-1``." +msgstr "每次要拷贝的页数。 如果小于等于 ``0``，则一次性拷贝整个数据库。 默认为 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"If set to a :term:`callable`, it is invoked with three integer arguments for" +" every backup iteration: the *status* of the last iteration, the *remaining*" +" number of pages still to be copied, and the *total* number of pages. " +"Defaults to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果设为一个 :term:`callable`，它将针对每次备份迭代附带三个整数参数被唤起：上次迭代的状态 *status*，待拷贝的剩余页数 " +"*remaining*，以及总页数 *total*。 默认值为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1174 +msgid "" +"The name of the database to back up. Either ``\"main\"`` (the default) for " +"the main database, ``\"temp\"`` for the temporary database, or the name of a" +" custom database as attached using the ``ATTACH DATABASE`` SQL statement." +msgstr "" +"要备份的数据库名称。 可能为代表主数据库的 ``\"main\"`` (默认值)，代表临时数据库的 ``\"temp\"``，或者使用 ``ATTACH" +" DATABASE`` SQL 语句所附加的自定义数据库名称。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"The number of seconds to sleep between successive attempts to back up " +"remaining pages." +msgstr "连续尝试备份剩余页所要间隔的休眠秒数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1185 +msgid "Example 1, copy an existing database into another:" +msgstr "示例 1，将现有数据库拷贝至另一个数据库:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1187 +msgid "" +"def progress(status, remaining, total):\n" +" print(f'Copied {total-remaining} of {total} pages...')\n" +"\n" +"src = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\n" +"dst = sqlite3.connect('backup.db')\n" +"with dst:\n" +" src.backup(dst, pages=1, progress=progress)\n" +"dst.close()\n" +"src.close()" +msgstr "" +"def progress(status, remaining, total):\n" +" print(f'已复制 {total-remaining} 到 {total} 页……')\n" +"\n" +"src = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\n" +"dst = sqlite3.connect('backup.db')\n" +"with dst:\n" +" src.backup(dst, pages=1, progress=progress)\n" +"dst.close()\n" +"src.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1204 +msgid "Example 2, copy an existing database into a transient copy:" +msgstr "示例 2，将现有数据库拷贝至一个临时副本:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1206 +msgid "" +"src = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\n" +"dst = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')\n" +"src.backup(dst)\n" +"dst.close()\n" +"src.close()" +msgstr "" +"src = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\n" +"dst = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')\n" +"src.backup(dst)\n" +"dst.close()\n" +"src.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1222 +msgid "Get a connection runtime limit." +msgstr "获取一个连接的运行时限制。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1224 +msgid "The `SQLite limit category`_ to be queried." +msgstr "要查询的 `SQLite limit category`_。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1229 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1266 +msgid "If *category* is not recognised by the underlying SQLite library." +msgstr "如果 *category* 不能被下层的 SQLite 库所识别。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"Example, query the maximum length of an SQL statement for " +":class:`Connection` ``con`` (the default is 1000000000):" +msgstr "示例，查询 :class:`Connection` ``con`` 上一条 SQL 语句的最大长度（默认值为 1000000000）:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1242 +msgid "" +">>> con.getlimit(sqlite3.SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH)\n" +"1000000000" +msgstr "" +">>> con.getlimit(sqlite3.SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH)\n" +"1000000000" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1252 +msgid "" +"Set a connection runtime limit. Attempts to increase a limit above its hard " +"upper bound are silently truncated to the hard upper bound. Regardless of " +"whether or not the limit was changed, the prior value of the limit is " +"returned." +msgstr "设置连接运行时限制。 如果试图将限制提高到超出强制上界则会静默地截短到强制上界。 无论限制值是否被修改，都将返回之前的限制值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1257 +msgid "The `SQLite limit category`_ to be set." +msgstr "要设置的 `SQLite limit category`_。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"The value of the new limit. If negative, the current limit is unchanged." +msgstr "新的限制值。 如为负值，当前限制将保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1269 +msgid "" +"Example, limit the number of attached databases to 1 for :class:`Connection`" +" ``con`` (the default limit is 10):" +msgstr "示例，将 :class:`Connection` ``con`` 上附加的数据库数量限制为 1（默认限制为 10）:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1272 +msgid "" +">>> con.setlimit(sqlite3.SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED, 1)\n" +"10\n" +">>> con.getlimit(sqlite3.SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED)\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> con.setlimit(sqlite3.SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED, 1)\n" +"10\n" +">>> con.getlimit(sqlite3.SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED)\n" +"1" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1290 +msgid "Query a boolean connection configuration option." +msgstr "查询一个布尔类型的连接配置选项。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1292 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1303 +msgid "A :ref:`SQLITE_DBCONFIG code `." +msgstr "一个 :ref:`SQLITE_DBCONFIG 代码 `。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1301 +msgid "Set a boolean connection configuration option." +msgstr "设置一个布尔类型的连接配置选项。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"``True`` if the configuration option should be enabled (default); ``False`` " +"if it should be disabled." +msgstr "如果该配置选项应当启用则为 ``True`` (默认值)；如果应当禁用则为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"Serialize a database into a :class:`bytes` object. For an ordinary on-disk " +"database file, the serialization is just a copy of the disk file. For an " +"in-memory database or a \"temp\" database, the serialization is the same " +"sequence of bytes which would be written to disk if that database were " +"backed up to disk." +msgstr "" +"将一个数据库序列化为 :class:`bytes` 对象。 对于普通的磁盘数据库文件，序列化就是磁盘文件的一个副本。 " +"对于内存数据库或“临时”数据库，序列化就是当数据库备份到磁盘时要写入到磁盘的相同字节序列。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1320 +msgid "The database name to be serialized. Defaults to ``\"main\"``." +msgstr "要序列化的数据库名称。 默认为 ``\"main\"``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"This method is only available if the underlying SQLite library has the " +"serialize API." +msgstr "此方法仅在下层 SQLite 库具有序列化 API 时可用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"Deserialize a :meth:`serialized ` database into a " +":class:`Connection`. This method causes the database connection to " +"disconnect from database *name*, and reopen *name* as an in-memory database " +"based on the serialization contained in *data*." +msgstr "" +"将一个 :meth:`已序列化的 ` 数据库反序列化至 :class:`Connection`。 此方法将导致数据库连接从 " +"*name* 数据库断开，并基于包含在 *data* 中的序列化数据将 *name* 作为内存数据库重新打开。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1342 +msgid "A serialized database." +msgstr "已序列化的数据库。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1345 +msgid "The database name to deserialize into. Defaults to ``\"main\"``." +msgstr "反序列化的目标数据库名称。 默认为 ``\"main\"``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1349 +msgid "" +"If the database connection is currently involved in a read transaction or a " +"backup operation." +msgstr "如果当前数据库连接正在执行读取事务或备份操作。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1353 +msgid "If *data* does not contain a valid SQLite database." +msgstr "如果 *data* 不包含有效的 SQLite 数据库。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1356 +msgid "If :func:`len(data) ` is larger than ``2**63 - 1``." +msgstr "如果 :func:`len(data) ` 大于 ``2**63 - 1``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1361 +msgid "" +"This method is only available if the underlying SQLite library has the " +"deserialize API." +msgstr "此方法仅在下层的 SQLite 库具有反序列化 API 时可用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1368 +msgid "" +"This attribute controls :pep:`249`-compliant transaction behaviour. " +":attr:`!autocommit` has three allowed values:" +msgstr "该属性控制符合 :pep:`249` 的事务行为。 :attr:`!autocommit` 有三个可用的值:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"``False``: Select :pep:`249`-compliant transaction behaviour, implying that " +":mod:`!sqlite3` ensures a transaction is always open. Use :meth:`commit` and" +" :meth:`rollback` to close transactions." +msgstr "" +"``False``: 选择符合 :pep:`249` 的事务行为，即 :mod:`!sqlite3` 将保证总是开启一个事务。 使用 " +":meth:`commit` 和 :meth:`rollback` 来关闭事务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1375 +msgid "This is the recommended value of :attr:`!autocommit`." +msgstr "这是 :attr:`!autocommit` 推荐的取值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1377 +msgid "" +"``True``: Use SQLite's `autocommit mode`_. :meth:`commit` and " +":meth:`rollback` have no effect in this mode." +msgstr "" +"``True``: 使用 SQLite 的 `autocommit mode`_。 在此模式下 :meth:`commit` 和 " +":meth:`rollback` 将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1380 +msgid "" +":data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`: Pre-Python 3.12 " +"(non-:pep:`249`-compliant) transaction control. See :attr:`isolation_level` " +"for more details." +msgstr "" +":data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`: Python 3.12 之前 (不符合 :pep:`249`) 的事务控制。 " +"请参阅 :attr:`isolation_level` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1384 +msgid "This is currently the default value of :attr:`!autocommit`." +msgstr "这是 :attr:`!autocommit` 当前的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1386 +msgid "" +"Changing :attr:`!autocommit` to ``False`` will open a new transaction, and " +"changing it to ``True`` will commit any pending transaction." +msgstr "" +"将 :attr:`!autocommit` 更改为 ``False`` 将开启一个新事务，而将其更改为 ``True`` 将提交任何待处理事务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1389 +msgid "See :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-autocommit` for more details." +msgstr "详情参见 :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-autocommit`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`isolation_level` attribute has no effect unless " +":attr:`autocommit` is :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`." +msgstr "" +"除非 :attr:`autocommit` 为 :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` 否则 " +":attr:`isolation_level` 属性将不起作用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1400 +msgid "" +"This read-only attribute corresponds to the low-level SQLite `autocommit " +"mode`_." +msgstr "这个只读属性对应于低层级的 SQLite `autocommit mode`_。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1403 +msgid "" +"``True`` if a transaction is active (there are uncommitted changes), " +"``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果一个事务处于活动状态（有未提交的更改）则为 ``True``，否则为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"Controls the :ref:`legacy transaction handling mode ` of :mod:`!sqlite3`. If set to ``None``, " +"transactions are never implicitly opened. If set to one of ``\"DEFERRED\"``," +" ``\"IMMEDIATE\"``, or ``\"EXCLUSIVE\"``, corresponding to the underlying " +"`SQLite transaction behaviour`_, :ref:`implicit transaction management " +"` is performed." +msgstr "" +"控制 :mod:`!sqlite3` 的 :ref:`旧式事务处理模式 `。 如果设为 ``None``，则绝不会隐式地开启事务。如果设为 ``\"DEFERRED\"``、``\"IMMEDIATE\"`` 或" +" ``\"EXCLUSIVE\"`` 中的一个，对应于下层的 `SQLite transaction behaviour`_，会执行 " +":ref:`隐式事务管理 `。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1418 +msgid "" +"If not overridden by the *isolation_level* parameter of :func:`connect`, the" +" default is ``\"\"``, which is an alias for ``\"DEFERRED\"``." +msgstr "" +"如果未被 :func:`connect` 的 *isolation_level* 形参覆盖，则默认为 ``\"\"``，这是 " +"``\"DEFERRED\"`` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1423 +msgid "" +"Using :attr:`autocommit` to control transaction handling is recommended over" +" using :attr:`!isolation_level`. :attr:`!isolation_level` has no effect " +"unless :attr:`autocommit` is set to :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` (the " +"default)." +msgstr "" +"建议使用 :attr:`autocommit` 来控制事务处理而不是使用 :attr:`!isolation_level`。 除非 " +":attr:`autocommit` 设为 :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` (默认值) 否则 " +":attr:`!isolation_level` 将不起作用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1430 +msgid "" +"The initial :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory` for :class:`Cursor` objects created " +"from this connection. Assigning to this attribute does not affect the " +":attr:`!row_factory` of existing cursors belonging to this connection, only " +"new ones. Is ``None`` by default, meaning each row is returned as a " +":class:`tuple`." +msgstr "" +"针对从该连接创建的 :class:`Cursor` 对象的初始 :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory`。 " +"为该属性赋值不会影响属于该连接的现有游标的 :attr:`!row_factory`，只影响新的游标。 默认为 ``None``，表示将每一行作为 " +":class:`tuple` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1437 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1723 +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1746 +msgid "See :ref:`sqlite3-howto-row-factory` for more details." +msgstr "详情参见 :ref:`sqlite3-howto-row-factory`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1441 +msgid "" +"A :term:`callable` that accepts a :class:`bytes` parameter and returns a " +"text representation of it. The callable is invoked for SQLite values with " +"the ``TEXT`` data type. By default, this attribute is set to :class:`str`." +msgstr "" +"一个接受 :class:`bytes` 形参并返回其文本表示形式的 :term:`callable`。 该可调用对象将针对数据类型为 ``TEXT`` " +"的 SQLite 值被唤起。 在默认情况下，该属性将被设为 :class:`str`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1446 +msgid "See :ref:`sqlite3-howto-encoding` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`sqlite3-howto-encoding` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1450 +msgid "" +"Return the total number of database rows that have been modified, inserted, " +"or deleted since the database connection was opened." +msgstr "返回自打开数据库连接以来已修改、插入或删除的数据库行的总数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1457 +msgid "Cursor objects" +msgstr "游标对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1459 +msgid "" +"A ``Cursor`` object represents a `database cursor`_ which is used to execute" +" SQL statements, and manage the context of a fetch operation. Cursors are " +"created using :meth:`Connection.cursor`, or by using any of the " +":ref:`connection shortcut methods `." +msgstr "" +"一个代表被用于执行 SQL 语句，并管理获取操作的上下文的 `database cursor`_ 的 ``Cursor`` 对象。 游标对象是使用 " +":meth:`Connection.cursor`，或是通过使用任何 :ref:`连接快捷方法 ` 来创建的。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1466 +msgid "" +"Cursor objects are :term:`iterators `, meaning that if you " +":meth:`~Cursor.execute` a ``SELECT`` query, you can simply iterate over the " +"cursor to fetch the resulting rows:" +msgstr "" +"Cursor 对象属于 :term:`迭代器 `，这意味着如果你通过 :meth:`~Cursor.execute` 来执行 " +"``SELECT`` 查询，你可以简单地迭代游标来获取结果行:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"for row in cur.execute(\"SELECT t FROM data\"):\n" +" print(row)" +msgstr "" +"for row in cur.execute(\"SELECT t FROM data\"):\n" +" print(row)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1491 +msgid "A :class:`Cursor` instance has the following attributes and methods." +msgstr ":class:`Cursor` 游标实例具有以下属性和方法。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1498 +msgid "" +"Execute a single SQL statement, optionally binding Python values using " +":ref:`placeholders `." +msgstr "执行一条 SQL 语句，可以选择使用 :ref:`占位符 ` 来绑定 Python 值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1502 +msgid "A single SQL statement." +msgstr "一条 SQL 语句。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1505 +msgid "" +"Python values to bind to placeholders in *sql*. A :class:`!dict` if named " +"placeholders are used. A :term:`!sequence` if unnamed placeholders are used." +" See :ref:`sqlite3-placeholders`." +msgstr "" +"要绑定到 *sql* 中占位符的 Python 值。 如果使用命名占位符则会使用 :class:`!dict`。 如果使用非命名占位符则会使用 " +":term:`!sequence`。 参见 :ref:`sqlite3-placeholders`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1512 +msgid "If *sql* contains more than one SQL statement." +msgstr "如果 *sql* 包含多条 SQL 语句。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1515 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` is :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`, " +":attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` is not ``None``, *sql* is an ``INSERT``," +" ``UPDATE``, ``DELETE``, or ``REPLACE`` statement, and there is no open " +"transaction, a transaction is implicitly opened before executing *sql*." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` 为 " +":data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL`，:attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` 不为 " +"``None``，*sql* 为一条 ``INSERT``, ``UPDATE``, ``DELETE`` 或 ``REPLACE`` " +"语句，并且没有开启事务，则会在执行 *sql* 之前隐式地开启事务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1524 +msgid "" +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` is emitted if :ref:`named placeholders " +"` are used and *parameters* is a sequence instead of a" +" :class:`dict`. Starting with Python 3.14, :exc:`ProgrammingError` will be " +"raised instead." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :ref:`命名占位符 ` 并且 *parameters* 是一个序列而非 " +":class:`dict` 则会发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 从 Python 3.14 起，将改为引发 " +":exc:`ProgrammingError`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1530 +msgid "Use :meth:`executescript` to execute multiple SQL statements." +msgstr "使用 :meth:`executescript` 来执行多条 SQL 语句。statements." + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"For every item in *parameters*, repeatedly execute the :ref:`parameterized " +"` :abbr:`DML (Data Manipulation Language)` SQL " +"statement *sql*." +msgstr "" +"对于 *parameters* 中的每一项，重复执行 :ref:`参数化的 ` :abbr:`DML " +"(Data Manipulation Language)` SQL 语句 *sql*。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1538 +msgid "" +"Uses the same implicit transaction handling as :meth:`~Cursor.execute`." +msgstr "使用与 :meth:`~Cursor.execute` 相同的隐式事务处理。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1540 +msgid "A single SQL DML statement." +msgstr "一条 SQL DML 语句。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1543 +msgid "" +"An :term:`!iterable` of parameters to bind with the placeholders in *sql*. " +"See :ref:`sqlite3-placeholders`." +msgstr "" +"一个用来绑定到 *sql* 中的占位符的形参的 :term:`!iterable`。 参见 :ref:`sqlite3-placeholders`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1549 +msgid "" +"If *sql* contains more than one SQL statement, or is not a DML statement." +msgstr "如果 *sql* 包含多条 SQL 语句，或者不属于 DML 语句。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"rows = [\n" +" (\"row1\",),\n" +" (\"row2\",),\n" +"]\n" +"# cur is an sqlite3.Cursor object\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO data VALUES(?)\", rows)" +msgstr "" +"rows = [\n" +" (\"row1\",),\n" +" (\"row2\",),\n" +"]\n" +"# cur 是一个 sqlite3.Cursor 对象\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO data VALUES(?)\", rows)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1570 +msgid "" +"Any resulting rows are discarded, including DML statements with `RETURNING " +"clauses`_." +msgstr "任何结果行都将被丢弃，包括带有 `RETURNING 子句`_ 的 DML 语句。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1577 +msgid "" +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` is emitted if :ref:`named placeholders " +"` are used and the items in *parameters* are sequences" +" instead of :class:`dict`\\s. Starting with Python 3.14, " +":exc:`ProgrammingError` will be raised instead." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :ref:`命名占位符 ` 并且 *parameters* 中的每个条目都是序列而非 " +":class:`dict` 则会发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 从 Python 3.14 起，将改为引发 " +":exc:`ProgrammingError`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1586 +msgid "" +"Execute the SQL statements in *sql_script*. If the " +":attr:`~Connection.autocommit` is :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` and " +"there is a pending transaction, an implicit ``COMMIT`` statement is executed" +" first. No other implicit transaction control is performed; any transaction " +"control must be added to *sql_script*." +msgstr "" +"执行 *sql_script* 中的 SQL 语句。 如果 :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` 为 " +":data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` 并且存在待处理的事务，则首先隐式执行一条 ``COMMIT`` 语句。 " +"不会执行其他隐式事务控制；任何事务控制都必须添加至 *sql_script*。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1594 +msgid "*sql_script* must be a :class:`string `." +msgstr "*sql_script* 必须为 :class:`字符串 `。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"# cur is an sqlite3.Cursor object\n" +"cur.executescript(\"\"\"\n" +" BEGIN;\n" +" CREATE TABLE person(firstname, lastname, age);\n" +" CREATE TABLE book(title, author, published);\n" +" CREATE TABLE publisher(name, address);\n" +" COMMIT;\n" +"\"\"\")" +msgstr "" +"# cur 是一个 sqlite3.Cursor 对象\n" +"cur.executescript(\"\"\"\n" +" BEGIN;\n" +" CREATE TABLE person(firstname, lastname, age);\n" +" CREATE TABLE book(title, author, published);\n" +" CREATE TABLE publisher(name, address);\n" +" COMMIT;\n" +"\"\"\")" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1611 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory` is ``None``, return the next row query result" +" set as a :class:`tuple`. Else, pass it to the row factory and return its " +"result. Return ``None`` if no more data is available." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory` 为 ``None``，则将下一行查询结果集作为 :class:`tuple` 返回。 " +"否则，将其传给指定的行工厂函数并返回函数结果。 如果没有更多可用数据则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1619 +msgid "" +"Return the next set of rows of a query result as a :class:`list`. Return an " +"empty list if no more rows are available." +msgstr "将下一个多行查询结果集作为 :class:`list` 返回。 如果没有更多可用行时则返回一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1622 +msgid "" +"The number of rows to fetch per call is specified by the *size* parameter. " +"If *size* is not given, :attr:`arraysize` determines the number of rows to " +"be fetched. If fewer than *size* rows are available, as many rows as are " +"available are returned." +msgstr "" +"每次调用要获取的行数是由 *size* 形参指定的。 如果未指定 *size*，则由 :attr:`arraysize` 确定要获取的行数。 " +"如果可用的行少于 *size*，则返回可用的行数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1628 +msgid "" +"Note there are performance considerations involved with the *size* " +"parameter. For optimal performance, it is usually best to use the arraysize " +"attribute. If the *size* parameter is used, then it is best for it to retain" +" the same value from one :meth:`fetchmany` call to the next." +msgstr "" +"请注意 *size* 形参会涉及到性能方面的考虑。为了获得优化的性能，通常最好是使用 arraysize 属性。 如果使用 *size* " +"形参，则最好在从一个 :meth:`fetchmany` 调用到下一个调用之间保持相同的值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1635 +msgid "" +"Return all (remaining) rows of a query result as a :class:`list`. Return an " +"empty list if no rows are available. Note that the :attr:`arraysize` " +"attribute can affect the performance of this operation." +msgstr "" +"将全部（剩余的）查询结果行作为 :class:`list` 返回。 如果没有可用的行则返回空列表。 请注意 :attr:`arraysize` " +"属性可能会影响此操作的性能。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1642 +msgid "Close the cursor now (rather than whenever ``__del__`` is called)." +msgstr "立即关闭 cursor（而不是在当 ``__del__`` 被调用的时候）。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1644 +msgid "" +"The cursor will be unusable from this point forward; a " +":exc:`ProgrammingError` exception will be raised if any operation is " +"attempted with the cursor." +msgstr "" +"从这一时刻起该 cursor 将不再可用，如果再尝试用该 cursor 执行任何操作将引发 :exc:`ProgrammingError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1649 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1653 +msgid "Required by the DB-API. Does nothing in :mod:`!sqlite3`." +msgstr "DB-API 要求的方法。 在 :mod:`!sqlite3` 不做任何事情。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1657 +msgid "" +"Read/write attribute that controls the number of rows returned by " +":meth:`fetchmany`. The default value is 1 which means a single row would be " +"fetched per call." +msgstr "用于控制 :meth:`fetchmany` 返回行数的可读取/写入属性。 该属性的默认值为 1，表示每次调用将获取单独一行。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1662 +msgid "" +"Read-only attribute that provides the SQLite database :class:`Connection` " +"belonging to the cursor. A :class:`Cursor` object created by calling " +":meth:`con.cursor() ` will have a :attr:`connection` " +"attribute that refers to *con*:" +msgstr "" +"提供属于该游标的 SQLite :class:`Connection` 的只读属性。 通过调用 :meth:`con.cursor() " +"` 创建的 :class:`Cursor` 对象将具有一个指向 *con* 的 " +":attr:`connection` 属性:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1667 +msgid "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> cur = con.cursor()\n" +">>> cur.connection == con\n" +"True\n" +">>> con.close()" +msgstr "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> cur = con.cursor()\n" +">>> cur.connection == con\n" +"True\n" +">>> con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1677 +msgid "" +"Read-only attribute that provides the column names of the last query. To " +"remain compatible with the Python DB API, it returns a 7-tuple for each " +"column where the last six items of each tuple are ``None``." +msgstr "" +"提供上一次查询的列名称的只读属性。 为了与 Python DB API 保持兼容，它会为每个列返回一个 7 元组，每个元组的最后六个条目均为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1681 +msgid "It is set for ``SELECT`` statements without any matching rows as well." +msgstr "对于没有任何匹配行的 ``SELECT`` 语句同样会设置该属性。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"Read-only attribute that provides the row id of the last inserted row. It is" +" only updated after successful ``INSERT`` or ``REPLACE`` statements using " +"the :meth:`execute` method. For other statements, after :meth:`executemany`" +" or :meth:`executescript`, or if the insertion failed, the value of " +"``lastrowid`` is left unchanged. The initial value of ``lastrowid`` is " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"提供上一次插入的行的行 ID 的只读属性。 它只会在使用 :meth:`execute` 方法的 ``INSERT`` 或 ``REPLACE`` " +"语句成功后被更新。 对于其他语句，则在 :meth:`executemany` 或 " +":meth:`executescript`，或者如果插入失败，``lastrowid`` 的值将保持不变。 ``lastrowid`` 的初始值为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1693 +msgid "Inserts into ``WITHOUT ROWID`` tables are not recorded." +msgstr "对 ``WITHOUT ROWID`` 表的插入不被记录。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1695 +msgid "Added support for the ``REPLACE`` statement." +msgstr "增加了 ``REPLACE`` 语句的支持。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1700 +msgid "" +"Read-only attribute that provides the number of modified rows for " +"``INSERT``, ``UPDATE``, ``DELETE``, and ``REPLACE`` statements; is ``-1`` " +"for other statements, including :abbr:`CTE (Common Table Expression)` " +"queries. It is only updated by the :meth:`execute` and :meth:`executemany` " +"methods, after the statement has run to completion. This means that any " +"resulting rows must be fetched in order for :attr:`!rowcount` to be updated." +msgstr "" +"提供 ``INSERT``, ``UPDATE``, ``DELETE`` 和 ``REPLACE`` 语句所修改行数的只读属性；对于其他语句则为 " +"``-1``，包括 :abbr:`CTE (Common Table Expression)` 查询。 只有 :meth:`execute` 和 " +":meth:`executemany` 方法会在语句运行完成后更新此属性。 这意味着任何结果行都必须按顺序被提取以使 :attr:`!rowcount`" +" 获得更新。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1711 +msgid "" +"Control how a row fetched from this :class:`!Cursor` is represented. If " +"``None``, a row is represented as a :class:`tuple`. Can be set to the " +"included :class:`sqlite3.Row`; or a :term:`callable` that accepts two " +"arguments, a :class:`Cursor` object and the :class:`!tuple` of row values, " +"and returns a custom object representing an SQLite row." +msgstr "" +"控制从该 :class:`!Cursor` 获取的行的表示形式。 如为 ``None``，一行将表示为一个 :class:`tuple`。可设置形式包括" +" :class:`sqlite3.Row`；或者接受两个参数的 :term:`callable`，一个 :class:`Cursor` " +"对象和由行内所有值组成的 :class:`!tuple`，以及返回代表一个 SQLite 行的自定义对象。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1718 +msgid "" +"Defaults to what :attr:`Connection.row_factory` was set to when the " +":class:`!Cursor` was created. Assigning to this attribute does not affect " +":attr:`Connection.row_factory` of the parent connection." +msgstr "" +"默认为当 :class:`!Cursor` 被创建时设置的 :attr:`Connection.row_factory`。 对该属性赋值不会影响父连接的" +" :attr:`Connection.row_factory`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1734 +msgid "Row objects" +msgstr "Row 对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1738 +msgid "" +"A :class:`!Row` instance serves as a highly optimized " +":attr:`~Connection.row_factory` for :class:`Connection` objects. It supports" +" iteration, equality testing, :func:`len`, and :term:`mapping` access by " +"column name and index." +msgstr "" +"一个被用作 :class:`Connection` 对象的高度优化的 :attr:`~Connection.row_factory` 的 " +":class:`!Row` 实例。 它支持迭代、相等性检测、:func:`len` 以及基于列名称的 :term:`mapping` 访问和数字序列。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1743 +msgid "" +"Two :class:`!Row` objects compare equal if they have identical column names " +"and values." +msgstr "两个 :class:`!Row` 对象如果具有相同的列名称和值则比较结果相等。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1750 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`list` of column names as :class:`strings `. " +"Immediately after a query, it is the first member of each tuple in " +":attr:`Cursor.description`." +msgstr "" +"在一次查询之后，立即将由列名称组成的 :class:`list` 作为 :class:`字符串 ` 返回，它是 " +":attr:`Cursor.description` 中每个元组的第一个成员。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1754 +msgid "Added support of slicing." +msgstr "添加了对切片操作的支持。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1761 +msgid "Blob objects" +msgstr "Blob 对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1767 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Blob` instance is a :term:`file-like object` that can read and " +"write data in an SQLite :abbr:`BLOB (Binary Large OBject)`. Call " +":func:`len(blob) ` to get the size (number of bytes) of the blob. Use " +"indices and :term:`slices ` for direct access to the blob data." +msgstr "" +":class:`Blob` 实例是可以读写 SQLite :abbr:`BLOB (Binary Large OBject)` 数据的 " +":term:`file-like object`。 调用 :func:`len(blob) ` 可得到 blob 的大小（字节数）。 " +"请使用索引和 :term:`切片 ` 来直接访问 blob 数据。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1772 +msgid "" +"Use the :class:`Blob` as a :term:`context manager` to ensure that the blob " +"handle is closed after use." +msgstr "将 :class:`Blob` 作为 :term:`context manager` 使用以确保使用结束后 blob 句柄自动关闭。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(blob_col blob)\")\n" +"con.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(blob_col) VALUES(zeroblob(13))\")\n" +"\n" +"# Write to our blob, using two write operations:\n" +"with con.blobopen(\"test\", \"blob_col\", 1) as blob:\n" +" blob.write(b\"hello, \")\n" +" blob.write(b\"world.\")\n" +" # Modify the first and last bytes of our blob\n" +" blob[0] = ord(\"H\")\n" +" blob[-1] = ord(\"!\")\n" +"\n" +"# Read the contents of our blob\n" +"with con.blobopen(\"test\", \"blob_col\", 1) as blob:\n" +" greeting = blob.read()\n" +"\n" +"print(greeting) # outputs \"b'Hello, world!'\"\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(blob_col blob)\")\n" +"con.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(blob_col) VALUES(zeroblob(13))\")\n" +"\n" +"# 写入到我们的 blob，使用两次 write 操作：\n" +"with con.blobopen(\"test\", \"blob_col\", 1) as blob:\n" +" blob.write(b\"hello, \")\n" +" blob.write(b\"world.\")\n" +" # 修改我们的 blob 的开头和末尾字节\n" +" blob[0] = ord(\"H\")\n" +" blob[-1] = ord(\"!\")\n" +"\n" +"# 读取我们的 blob 的内容\n" +"with con.blobopen(\"test\", \"blob_col\", 1) as blob:\n" +" greeting = blob.read()\n" +"\n" +"print(greeting) # 输出 \"b'Hello, world!'\"\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1803 +msgid "Close the blob." +msgstr "关闭 blob。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"The blob will be unusable from this point onward. An " +":class:`~sqlite3.Error` (or subclass) exception will be raised if any " +"further operation is attempted with the blob." +msgstr "" +"从这一时刻起该 blob 将不再可用。 如果再尝试用该 blob 执行任何操作将引发 :class:`~sqlite3.Error` (或其子类) " +"异常。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1811 +msgid "" +"Read *length* bytes of data from the blob at the current offset position. If" +" the end of the blob is reached, the data up to :abbr:`EOF (End of File)` " +"will be returned. When *length* is not specified, or is negative, " +":meth:`~Blob.read` will read until the end of the blob." +msgstr "" +"从 blob 的当前偏移位置读取 *length* 个字节的数据。 如果到达了 blob 的末尾，则将返回 :abbr:`EOF (End of " +"File)` 之前的数据。 当未指定 *length*，或指定负值时，:meth:`~Blob.read` 将读取至 blob 的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1819 +msgid "" +"Write *data* to the blob at the current offset. This function cannot change" +" the blob length. Writing beyond the end of the blob will raise " +":exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"在 blob 的当前偏移位置上写入 *data*。 此函数不能改变 blob 的长度。 写入数据超出 blob 的末尾将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1825 +msgid "Return the current access position of the blob." +msgstr "返回 blob 的当前访问位置。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1829 +msgid "" +"Set the current access position of the blob to *offset*. The *origin* " +"argument defaults to :const:`os.SEEK_SET` (absolute blob positioning). Other" +" values for *origin* are :const:`os.SEEK_CUR` (seek relative to the current " +"position) and :const:`os.SEEK_END` (seek relative to the blob’s end)." +msgstr "" +"将 Blob 的当前访问位置设为 *offset*。 *origin* 参数默认为 :const:`os.SEEK_SET` (blob 的绝对位置)。" +" *origin* 的其他值包括 :const:`os.SEEK_CUR` （相对于当前位置寻址) 和 :const:`os.SEEK_END` " +"(相对于 blob 末尾寻址)。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1837 +msgid "PrepareProtocol objects" +msgstr "PrepareProtocol 对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1841 +msgid "" +"The PrepareProtocol type's single purpose is to act as a :pep:`246` style " +"adaption protocol for objects that can :ref:`adapt themselves " +"` to :ref:`native SQLite types `." +msgstr "" +"PrepareProtocol 类型的唯一目的是作为 :pep:`246` 风格的适配协议让对象能够 :ref:`将自身适配 " +"` 为 :ref:`原生 SQLite 类型 `。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1849 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1851 +msgid "The exception hierarchy is defined by the DB-API 2.0 (:pep:`249`)." +msgstr "异常层次是由 DB-API 2.0 (:pep:`249`) 定义的。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1855 +msgid "" +"This exception is not currently raised by the :mod:`!sqlite3` module, but " +"may be raised by applications using :mod:`!sqlite3`, for example if a user-" +"defined function truncates data while inserting. ``Warning`` is a subclass " +"of :exc:`Exception`." +msgstr "" +"目前此异常不会被 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块引发，但可能会被使用 :mod:`!sqlite3` " +"的应用程序引发，例如当一个用户自定义的函数在插入操作中截断了数据时。 ``Warning`` 是 :exc:`Exception` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"The base class of the other exceptions in this module. Use this to catch all" +" errors with one single :keyword:`except` statement. ``Error`` is a subclass" +" of :exc:`Exception`." +msgstr "" +"本模块中其他异常的基类。使用它来捕捉所有的错误，只需一条 :keyword:`except` 语句。 ``Error`` 是 " +":exc:`Exception` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1866 +msgid "" +"If the exception originated from within the SQLite library, the following " +"two attributes are added to the exception:" +msgstr "如果异常是产生于 SQLite 库的内部，则以下两个属性将被添加到该异常:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1871 +msgid "" +"The numeric error code from the `SQLite API " +"`_" +msgstr "来自 `SQLite API `_ 的数字错误代码" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1878 +msgid "" +"The symbolic name of the numeric error code from the `SQLite API " +"`_" +msgstr "来自 `SQLite API `_ 的数字错误代码符号名称" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1885 +msgid "" +"Exception raised for misuse of the low-level SQLite C API. In other words, " +"if this exception is raised, it probably indicates a bug in the " +":mod:`!sqlite3` module. ``InterfaceError`` is a subclass of :exc:`Error`." +msgstr "" +"因错误使用低层级 SQLite C API 而引发的异常，换句话说，如果此异常被引发，则可能表明 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块中存在错误。 " +"``InterfaceError`` 是 :exc:`Error` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1892 +msgid "" +"Exception raised for errors that are related to the database. This serves as" +" the base exception for several types of database errors. It is only raised " +"implicitly through the specialised subclasses. ``DatabaseError`` is a " +"subclass of :exc:`Error`." +msgstr "" +"对与数据库有关的错误引发的异常。它作为几种数据库错误的基础异常。它只通过专门的子类隐式引发。 ``DatabaseError`` 是 " +":exc:`Error` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1899 +msgid "" +"Exception raised for errors caused by problems with the processed data, like" +" numeric values out of range, and strings which are too long. ``DataError`` " +"is a subclass of :exc:`DatabaseError`." +msgstr "" +"由于处理的数据有问题而产生的异常，比如数字值超出范围，字符串太长。 ``DataError`` 是 :exc:`DatabaseError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1905 +msgid "" +"Exception raised for errors that are related to the database's operation, " +"and not necessarily under the control of the programmer. For example, the " +"database path is not found, or a transaction could not be processed. " +"``OperationalError`` is a subclass of :exc:`DatabaseError`." +msgstr "" +"与数据库操作有关的错误而引发的异常，不一定在程序员的控制之下。例如，数据库路径没有找到，或者一个事务无法被处理。 " +"``OperationalError`` 是 :exc:`DatabaseError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1913 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when the relational integrity of the database is affected, " +"e.g. a foreign key check fails. It is a subclass of :exc:`DatabaseError`." +msgstr "当数据库的关系一致性受到影响时引发的异常。 例如外键检查失败等。 它是 :exc:`DatabaseError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1918 +msgid "" +"Exception raised when SQLite encounters an internal error. If this is " +"raised, it may indicate that there is a problem with the runtime SQLite " +"library. ``InternalError`` is a subclass of :exc:`DatabaseError`." +msgstr "" +"当 SQLite 遇到一个内部错误时引发的异常。如果它被引发，可能表明运行中的 SQLite 库有问题。 ``InternalError`` 是 " +":exc:`DatabaseError` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1925 +msgid "" +"Exception raised for :mod:`!sqlite3` API programming errors, for example " +"supplying the wrong number of bindings to a query, or trying to operate on a" +" closed :class:`Connection`. ``ProgrammingError`` is a subclass of " +":exc:`DatabaseError`." +msgstr "" +"针对 :mod:`!sqlite3` API 编程错误引发的异常，例如向查询提供错误数量的绑定，或试图在已关闭的 :class:`Connection`" +" 上执行操作。 ``ProgrammingError`` 是 :exc:`DatabaseError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1932 +msgid "" +"Exception raised in case a method or database API is not supported by the " +"underlying SQLite library. For example, setting *deterministic* to ``True`` " +"in :meth:`~Connection.create_function`, if the underlying SQLite library " +"does not support deterministic functions. ``NotSupportedError`` is a " +"subclass of :exc:`DatabaseError`." +msgstr "" +"在下层的 SQLite 库不支持某个方法或数据库 API 的情况下引发的异常。 例如，在 " +":meth:`~Connection.create_function` 中把 *deterministic* 设为 ``True``，而下层的 " +"SQLite 库不支持确定性函数的时候。 ``NotSupportedError`` 是 :exc:`DatabaseError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1942 +msgid "SQLite and Python types" +msgstr "SQLite 与 Python 类型" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1944 +msgid "" +"SQLite natively supports the following types: ``NULL``, ``INTEGER``, " +"``REAL``, ``TEXT``, ``BLOB``." +msgstr "SQLite 原生支持如下的类型： ``NULL``，``INTEGER``，``REAL``，``TEXT``，``BLOB``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"The following Python types can thus be sent to SQLite without any problem:" +msgstr "因此可以将以下Python类型发送到SQLite而不会出现任何问题：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1950 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1967 +msgid "Python type" +msgstr "Python 类型" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1950 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1967 +msgid "SQLite type" +msgstr "SQLite 类型" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1952 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1969 +msgid "``None``" +msgstr "``None``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1952 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1969 +msgid "``NULL``" +msgstr "``NULL``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1954 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1971 +msgid ":class:`int`" +msgstr ":class:`int`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1954 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1971 +msgid "``INTEGER``" +msgstr "``INTEGER``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1956 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1973 +msgid ":class:`float`" +msgstr ":class:`float`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1956 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1973 +msgid "``REAL``" +msgstr "``REAL``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1958 +msgid ":class:`str`" +msgstr ":class:`str`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1958 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1975 +msgid "``TEXT``" +msgstr "``TEXT``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1960 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1978 +msgid ":class:`bytes`" +msgstr ":class:`bytes`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1960 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1978 +msgid "``BLOB``" +msgstr "``BLOB``" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1964 +msgid "This is how SQLite types are converted to Python types by default:" +msgstr "这是SQLite类型默认转换为Python类型的方式：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1975 +msgid "depends on :attr:`~Connection.text_factory`, :class:`str` by default" +msgstr "取决于 :attr:`~Connection.text_factory` , 默认为 :class:`str`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1981 +msgid "" +"The type system of the :mod:`!sqlite3` module is extensible in two ways: you" +" can store additional Python types in an SQLite database via :ref:`object " +"adapters `, and you can let the :mod:`!sqlite3` module " +"convert SQLite types to Python types via :ref:`converters " +"`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` 模块的类型系统可通过两种方式来扩展：你可以通过 :ref:`对象适配器 ` 将额外的" +" Python 类型保存在 SQLite 数据库中，你也可以让 :mod:`!sqlite3` 模块通过 :ref:`转换器 " +"` 将 SQLite 类型转换为不同的 Python 类型。types via." + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1991 +msgid "Default adapters and converters (deprecated)" +msgstr "默认适配器和转换器（已弃用）" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1995 +msgid "" +"The default adapters and converters are deprecated as of Python 3.12. " +"Instead, use the :ref:`sqlite3-adapter-converter-recipes` and tailor them to" +" your needs." +msgstr "" +"自 Python 3.12 起，默认适配器和转换器已被弃用。取而代之的是使用 :ref:`sqlite3-adapter-converter-" +"recipes` ，并根据您的需要定制它们。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1999 +msgid "The deprecated default adapters and converters consist of:" +msgstr "弃用的默认适配器和转换器包括：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"An adapter for :class:`datetime.date` objects to :class:`strings ` in " +"`ISO 8601`_ format." +msgstr "" +"将 :class:`datetime.date` 对象转换为 `ISO 8601`_ 格式 :class:`字符串 ` 的适配器。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2003 +msgid "" +"An adapter for :class:`datetime.datetime` objects to strings in ISO 8601 " +"format." +msgstr "将 :class:`datetime.datetime` 对象转换为 ISO 8601 格式字符串的适配器。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2005 +msgid "" +"A converter for :ref:`declared ` \"date\" types to " +":class:`datetime.date` objects." +msgstr "" +"从 :ref:`已声明的 ` \"date\" 类型到 :class:`datetime.date` " +"对象的转换器。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2007 +msgid "" +"A converter for declared \"timestamp\" types to :class:`datetime.datetime` " +"objects. Fractional parts will be truncated to 6 digits (microsecond " +"precision)." +msgstr "" +"将已声明的 \"timestamp\" 类型转成 :class:`datetime.datetime` 对象的转换器。 小数部分将截断至 6 " +"位（微秒精度）。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2013 +msgid "" +"The default \"timestamp\" converter ignores UTC offsets in the database and " +"always returns a naive :class:`datetime.datetime` object. To preserve UTC " +"offsets in timestamps, either leave converters disabled, or register an " +"offset-aware converter with :func:`register_converter`." +msgstr "" +"默认的 \"时间戳\" 转换器忽略了数据库中的 UTC 偏移，总是返回一个原生的 :class:`datetime.datetime` " +"对象。要在时间戳中保留 UTC 偏移，可以不使用转换器，或者用 :func:`register_converter` 注册一个偏移感知的转换器。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2026 +msgid "Command-line interface" +msgstr "命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2028 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sqlite3` module can be invoked as a script, using the " +"interpreter's :option:`-m` switch, in order to provide a simple SQLite " +"shell. The argument signature is as follows::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` 模块可以作为脚本被唤起，使用解释器的 :option:`-m` 开关选项，以提供一个简单的 SQLite shell。 " +"参数签名如下::" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2033 +msgid "python -m sqlite3 [-h] [-v] [filename] [sql]" +msgstr "python -m sqlite3 [-h] [-v] [filename] [sql]" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2035 +msgid "Type ``.quit`` or CTRL-D to exit the shell." +msgstr "输入 ``.quit`` 或 CTRL-D 退出 shell。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2041 +msgid "Print CLI help." +msgstr "打印 CLI 帮助。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2045 +msgid "Print underlying SQLite library version." +msgstr "打印下层 SQLite 库版本。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2053 +msgid "How-to guides" +msgstr "常用方案指引" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2058 +msgid "How to use placeholders to bind values in SQL queries" +msgstr "如何在 SQL 查询中使用占位符来绑定值" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2060 +msgid "" +"SQL operations usually need to use values from Python variables. However, " +"beware of using Python's string operations to assemble queries, as they are " +"vulnerable to `SQL injection attacks`_. For example, an attacker can simply " +"close the single quote and inject ``OR TRUE`` to select all rows::" +msgstr "" +"SQL 操作通常会需要使用来自 Python 变量的值。 不过，请谨慎使用 Python 的字符串操作来拼装查询，因为这样易受 `SQL " +"injection attacks`_。 例如，攻击者可以简单地添加结束单引号并注入 ``OR TRUE`` 来选择所有的行::" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2065 +msgid "" +">>> # Never do this -- insecure!\n" +">>> symbol = input()\n" +"' OR TRUE; --\n" +">>> sql = \"SELECT * FROM stocks WHERE symbol = '%s'\" % symbol\n" +">>> print(sql)\n" +"SELECT * FROM stocks WHERE symbol = '' OR TRUE; --'\n" +">>> cur.execute(sql)" +msgstr "" +">>> # 绝不要这样做 -- 很不安全！\n" +">>> symbol = input()\n" +"' OR TRUE; --\n" +">>> sql = \"SELECT * FROM stocks WHERE symbol = '%s'\" % symbol\n" +">>> print(sql)\n" +"SELECT * FROM stocks WHERE symbol = '' OR TRUE; --'\n" +">>> cur.execute(sql)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2073 +msgid "" +"Instead, use the DB-API's parameter substitution. To insert a variable into " +"a query string, use a placeholder in the string, and substitute the actual " +"values into the query by providing them as a :class:`tuple` of values to the" +" second argument of the cursor's :meth:`~Cursor.execute` method." +msgstr "" +"请改用 DB-API 的形参替换。 要将变量插入到查询字符串中，可在字符串中使用占位符，并通过将实际值作为游标的 " +":meth:`~Cursor.execute` 方法的第二个参数以由多个值组成的 :class:`tuple` 形式提供给查询来替换它们。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2078 +msgid "" +"An SQL statement may use one of two kinds of placeholders: question marks " +"(qmark style) or named placeholders (named style). For the qmark style, " +"*parameters* must be a :term:`sequence` whose length must match the number " +"of placeholders, or a :exc:`ProgrammingError` is raised. For the named " +"style, *parameters* must be an instance of a :class:`dict` (or a subclass), " +"which must contain keys for all named parameters; any extra items are " +"ignored. Here's an example of both styles:" +msgstr "" +"SQL 语句可以使用两种占位符之一：问号占位符（问号风格）或命名占位符（命名风格）。 对于问号风格，*parameters* " +"要是一个长度必须与占位符的数量相匹配的 :term:`sequence`，否则将引发 :exc:`ProgrammingError`。 " +"对于命名风格，*parameters* 必须是 :class:`dict` " +"（或其子类）的实例，它必须包含与所有命名参数相对应的键；任何额外的条目都将被忽略。 下面是一个同时使用这两种风格的示例：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2089 +msgid "" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE lang(name, first_appeared)\")\n" +"\n" +"# This is the named style used with executemany():\n" +"data = (\n" +" {\"name\": \"C\", \"year\": 1972},\n" +" {\"name\": \"Fortran\", \"year\": 1957},\n" +" {\"name\": \"Python\", \"year\": 1991},\n" +" {\"name\": \"Go\", \"year\": 2009},\n" +")\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO lang VALUES(:name, :year)\", data)\n" +"\n" +"# This is the qmark style used in a SELECT query:\n" +"params = (1972,)\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT * FROM lang WHERE first_appeared = ?\", params)\n" +"print(cur.fetchall())\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE lang(name, first_appeared)\")\n" +"\n" +"# 这是用于 executemany() 的名称风格：\n" +"data = (\n" +" {\"name\": \"C\", \"year\": 1972},\n" +" {\"name\": \"Fortran\", \"year\": 1957},\n" +" {\"name\": \"Python\", \"year\": 1991},\n" +" {\"name\": \"Go\", \"year\": 2009},\n" +")\n" +"cur.executemany(\"INSERT INTO lang VALUES(:name, :year)\", data)\n" +"\n" +"# 这是用于 SELECT 查询的问号风格：\n" +"params = (1972,)\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT * FROM lang WHERE first_appeared = ?\", params)\n" +"print(cur.fetchall())\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2116 +msgid "" +":pep:`249` numeric placeholders are *not* supported. If used, they will be " +"interpreted as named placeholders." +msgstr ":pep:`249` 数字占位符已经 *不再* 被支持。 如果使用，它们将被解读为命名占位符。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2123 +msgid "How to adapt custom Python types to SQLite values" +msgstr "如何将自定义 Python 类型适配到 SQLite 值" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2125 +msgid "" +"SQLite supports only a limited set of data types natively. To store custom " +"Python types in SQLite databases, *adapt* them to one of the :ref:`Python " +"types SQLite natively understands `." +msgstr "" +"SQLite 仅支持一个原生数据类型的有限集。 要在 SQLite 数据库中存储自定义 Python 类型，请将它们 *适配* 到 " +":ref:`SQLite 原生可识别的 Python 类型 ` 之一。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2129 +msgid "" +"There are two ways to adapt Python objects to SQLite types: letting your " +"object adapt itself, or using an *adapter callable*. The latter will take " +"precedence above the former. For a library that exports a custom type, it " +"may make sense to enable that type to adapt itself. As an application " +"developer, it may make more sense to take direct control by registering " +"custom adapter functions." +msgstr "" +"有两种方式可将 Python 对象适配到 SQLite 类型：让你的对象自行适配，或是使用 *适配器可调用对象*。 后者将优先于前者发挥作用。 " +"对于导出自定义类型的库，启用该类型的自行适配可能更为合理。 而作为一名应用程序开发者，通过注册自定义适配器函数进行直接控制可能更为合理。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2141 +msgid "How to write adaptable objects" +msgstr "如何编写可适配对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2143 +msgid "" +"Suppose we have a :class:`!Point` class that represents a pair of " +"coordinates, ``x`` and ``y``, in a Cartesian coordinate system. The " +"coordinate pair will be stored as a text string in the database, using a " +"semicolon to separate the coordinates. This can be implemented by adding a " +"``__conform__(self, protocol)`` method which returns the adapted value. The " +"object passed to *protocol* will be of type :class:`PrepareProtocol`." +msgstr "" +"假设我们有一个代表笛卡尔坐标系中的坐标值对 :class:`!Point`，``x`` 和 ``y`` 的类，该坐标值在数据库中将存储为一个文本字符串。" +" 这可以通过添加一个返回已适配值的 ``__conform__(self, protocol)`` 方法来实现。 传给 *protocol* 的对象将为" +" :class:`PrepareProtocol` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2151 +msgid "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"\n" +" def __conform__(self, protocol):\n" +" if protocol is sqlite3.PrepareProtocol:\n" +" return f\"{self.x};{self.y}\"\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.cursor()\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT ?\", (Point(4.0, -3.2),))\n" +"print(cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"\n" +" def __conform__(self, protocol):\n" +" if protocol is sqlite3.PrepareProtocol:\n" +" return f\"{self.x};{self.y}\"\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.cursor()\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT ?\", (Point(4.0, -3.2),))\n" +"print(cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2175 +msgid "How to register adapter callables" +msgstr "如何注册适配器可调用对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2177 +msgid "" +"The other possibility is to create a function that converts the Python " +"object to an SQLite-compatible type. This function can then be registered " +"using :func:`register_adapter`." +msgstr "" +"另一种可能的方式是创建一个将 Python 对象转换为 SQLite 兼容类型的函数。 随后可使用 :func:`register_adapter` " +"来注册该函数。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2181 +msgid "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_point(point):\n" +" return f\"{point.x};{point.y}\"\n" +"\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(Point, adapt_point)\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.cursor()\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT ?\", (Point(1.0, 2.5),))\n" +"print(cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_point(point):\n" +" return f\"{point.x};{point.y}\"\n" +"\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(Point, adapt_point)\n" +"\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"cur = con.cursor()\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT ?\", (Point(1.0, 2.5),))\n" +"print(cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2208 +msgid "How to convert SQLite values to custom Python types" +msgstr "如何将 SQLite 值转换为自定义 Python 类型" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2210 +msgid "" +"Writing an adapter lets you convert *from* custom Python types *to* SQLite " +"values. To be able to convert *from* SQLite values *to* custom Python types," +" we use *converters*." +msgstr "" +"编写适配器使你可以将 *from* 自定义 Python 类型转换为 *to* SQLite 值。 为了能将 *from* SQLite 值转换为 " +"*to* 自定义 Python 类型，我们可使用 *converters*。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2215 +msgid "" +"Let's go back to the :class:`!Point` class. We stored the x and y " +"coordinates separated via semicolons as strings in SQLite." +msgstr "让我们回到 :class:`!Point` 类。 我们以以分号分隔的字符串形式在 SQLite 中存储了 x 和 y 坐标值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2218 +msgid "" +"First, we'll define a converter function that accepts the string as a " +"parameter and constructs a :class:`!Point` object from it." +msgstr "首先，我们将定义一个转换器函数，它接受这样的字符串作为形参并根据该参数构造一个 :class:`!Point` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2223 +msgid "" +"Converter functions are **always** passed a :class:`bytes` object, no matter" +" the underlying SQLite data type." +msgstr "转换器函数 **总是** 接受传入一个 :class:`bytes` 对象，无论下层的 SQLite 数据类型是什么。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2226 +msgid "" +"def convert_point(s):\n" +" x, y = map(float, s.split(b\";\"))\n" +" return Point(x, y)" +msgstr "" +"def convert_point(s):\n" +" x, y = map(float, s.split(b\";\"))\n" +" return Point(x, y)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2232 +msgid "" +"We now need to tell :mod:`!sqlite3` when it should convert a given SQLite " +"value. This is done when connecting to a database, using the *detect_types* " +"parameter of :func:`connect`. There are three options:" +msgstr "" +"我们现在需要告诉 :mod:`!sqlite3` 何时应当转换一个给定的 SQLite 值。 这是在连接到一个数据库时完成的，使用 " +":func:`connect` 的 *detect_types* 形参。 有三个选项:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2236 +msgid "Implicit: set *detect_types* to :const:`PARSE_DECLTYPES`" +msgstr "隐式: 将 *detect_types* 设为 :const:`PARSE_DECLTYPES`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2237 +msgid "Explicit: set *detect_types* to :const:`PARSE_COLNAMES`" +msgstr "显式: 将 *detect_types* 设为 :const:`PARSE_COLNAMES`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2238 +msgid "" +"Both: set *detect_types* to ``sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES | " +"sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES``. Column names take precedence over declared types." +msgstr "" +"同时: 将 *detect_types* 设为 ``sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES | " +"sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES``。 列名的优先级高于声明的类型。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2242 +msgid "" +"The following example illustrates the implicit and explicit approaches:" +msgstr "下面的示例演示了隐式和显式的方法:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2244 +msgid "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return f\"Point({self.x}, {self.y})\"\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_point(point):\n" +" return f\"{point.x};{point.y}\"\n" +"\n" +"def convert_point(s):\n" +" x, y = list(map(float, s.split(b\";\")))\n" +" return Point(x, y)\n" +"\n" +"# Register the adapter and converter\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(Point, adapt_point)\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"point\", convert_point)\n" +"\n" +"# 1) Parse using declared types\n" +"p = Point(4.0, -3.2)\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\", detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES)\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(p point)\")\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(p) VALUES(?)\", (p,))\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT p FROM test\")\n" +"print(\"with declared types:\", cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"cur.close()\n" +"con.close()\n" +"\n" +"# 2) Parse using column names\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\", detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES)\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(p)\")\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(p) VALUES(?)\", (p,))\n" +"cur.execute('SELECT p AS \"p [point]\" FROM test')\n" +"print(\"with column names:\", cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"cur.close()\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return f\"Point({self.x}, {self.y})\"\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_point(point):\n" +" return f\"{point.x};{point.y}\"\n" +"\n" +"def convert_point(s):\n" +" x, y = list(map(float, s.split(b\";\")))\n" +" return Point(x, y)\n" +"\n" +"# 注册适配器和转换器\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(Point, adapt_point)\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"point\", convert_point)\n" +"\n" +"# 1) 使用声明的类型来解析\n" +"p = Point(4.0, -3.2)\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\", detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES)\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(p point)\")\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(p) VALUES(?)\", (p,))\n" +"cur.execute(\"SELECT p FROM test\")\n" +"print(\"with declared types:\", cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"cur.close()\n" +"con.close()\n" +"\n" +"# 2) 使用列名称来解析\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\", detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES)\n" +"cur = con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE test(p)\")\n" +"\n" +"cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO test(p) VALUES(?)\", (p,))\n" +"cur.execute('SELECT p AS \"p [point]\" FROM test')\n" +"print(\"with column names:\", cur.fetchone()[0])\n" +"cur.close()\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2295 +msgid "Adapter and converter recipes" +msgstr "适配器和转换器范例程序" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2297 +msgid "This section shows recipes for common adapters and converters." +msgstr "本小节显示了通用适配器和转换器的范例程序。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"import datetime\n" +"import sqlite3\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_date_iso(val):\n" +" \"\"\"Adapt datetime.date to ISO 8601 date.\"\"\"\n" +" return val.isoformat()\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_datetime_iso(val):\n" +" \"\"\"Adapt datetime.datetime to timezone-naive ISO 8601 date.\"\"\"\n" +" return val.isoformat()\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_datetime_epoch(val):\n" +" \"\"\"Adapt datetime.datetime to Unix timestamp.\"\"\"\n" +" return int(val.timestamp())\n" +"\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(datetime.date, adapt_date_iso)\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(datetime.datetime, adapt_datetime_iso)\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(datetime.datetime, adapt_datetime_epoch)\n" +"\n" +"def convert_date(val):\n" +" \"\"\"Convert ISO 8601 date to datetime.date object.\"\"\"\n" +" return datetime.date.fromisoformat(val.decode())\n" +"\n" +"def convert_datetime(val):\n" +" \"\"\"Convert ISO 8601 datetime to datetime.datetime object.\"\"\"\n" +" return datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(val.decode())\n" +"\n" +"def convert_timestamp(val):\n" +" \"\"\"Convert Unix epoch timestamp to datetime.datetime object.\"\"\"\n" +" return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(val))\n" +"\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"date\", convert_date)\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"datetime\", convert_datetime)\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"timestamp\", convert_timestamp)" +msgstr "" +"import datetime\n" +"import sqlite3\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_date_iso(val):\n" +" \"\"\"将 datetime.date 适配为 ISO 8601 日期。\"\"\"\n" +" return val.isoformat()\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_datetime_iso(val):\n" +" \"\"\"将 datetime.datetime 适配为不带时区的 ISO 8601 日期。\"\"\"\n" +" return val.isoformat()\n" +"\n" +"def adapt_datetime_epoch(val):\n" +" \"\"\"将 datetime.datetime 适配为 Unix 时间戳。\"\"\"\n" +" return int(val.timestamp())\n" +"\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(datetime.date, adapt_date_iso)\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(datetime.datetime, adapt_datetime_iso)\n" +"sqlite3.register_adapter(datetime.datetime, adapt_datetime_epoch)\n" +"\n" +"def convert_date(val):\n" +" \"\"\"将 ISO 8601 日期转换为 datetime.date 对象。\"\"\"\n" +" return datetime.date.fromisoformat(val.decode())\n" +"\n" +"def convert_datetime(val):\n" +" \"\"\"将 ISO 8601 日期时间转换为 datetime.datetime 对象。\"\"\"\n" +" return datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(val.decode())\n" +"\n" +"def convert_timestamp(val):\n" +" \"\"\"将 Unix 纪元时间戳转换为 datetime.datetime 对象。\"\"\"\n" +" return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(val))\n" +"\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"date\", convert_date)\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"datetime\", convert_datetime)\n" +"sqlite3.register_converter(\"timestamp\", convert_timestamp)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2359 +msgid "How to use connection shortcut methods" +msgstr "如何使用连接快捷方法" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2361 +msgid "" +"Using the :meth:`~Connection.execute`, :meth:`~Connection.executemany`, and " +":meth:`~Connection.executescript` methods of the :class:`Connection` class, " +"your code can be written more concisely because you don't have to create the" +" (often superfluous) :class:`Cursor` objects explicitly. Instead, the " +":class:`Cursor` objects are created implicitly and these shortcut methods " +"return the cursor objects. This way, you can execute a ``SELECT`` statement " +"and iterate over it directly using only a single call on the " +":class:`Connection` object." +msgstr "" +"通过使用 :class:`Connection` 类的 :meth:`~Connection.execute`, " +":meth:`~Connection.executemany` 与 :meth:`~Connection.executescript` " +"方法，您可以简化您的代码，因为无需再显式创建 （通常是多余的） :class:`Cursor` 对象。此时 :class:`Cursor` " +"对象会被隐式创建并且由这些快捷方法返回。这样一来，您仅需在 :class:`Connection` 对象上调用一次方法就可以执行 ``SELECT`` " +"语句，并对其进行迭代。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2370 +msgid "" +"# Create and fill the table.\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE lang(name, first_appeared)\")\n" +"data = [\n" +" (\"C++\", 1985),\n" +" (\"Objective-C\", 1984),\n" +"]\n" +"con.executemany(\"INSERT INTO lang(name, first_appeared) VALUES(?, ?)\", data)\n" +"\n" +"# Print the table contents\n" +"for row in con.execute(\"SELECT name, first_appeared FROM lang\"):\n" +" print(row)\n" +"\n" +"print(\"I just deleted\", con.execute(\"DELETE FROM lang\").rowcount, \"rows\")\n" +"\n" +"# close() is not a shortcut method and it's not called automatically;\n" +"# the connection object should be closed manually\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"# 创建并填充表。\n" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE lang(name, first_appeared)\")\n" +"data = [\n" +" (\"C++\", 1985),\n" +" (\"Objective-C\", 1984),\n" +"]\n" +"con.executemany(\"INSERT INTO lang(name, first_appeared) VALUES(?, ?)\", data)\n" +"\n" +"# 打印表内容\n" +"for row in con.execute(\"SELECT name, first_appeared FROM lang\"):\n" +" print(row)\n" +"\n" +"print(\"I just deleted\", con.execute(\"DELETE FROM lang\").rowcount, \"rows\")\n" +"\n" +"# close() 不是一个快捷方法也不会被自动调用；\n" +"# 连接对象应当被手动关闭\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2402 +msgid "How to use the connection context manager" +msgstr "如何使用连接上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2404 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Connection` object can be used as a context manager that " +"automatically commits or rolls back open transactions when leaving the body " +"of the context manager. If the body of the :keyword:`with` statement " +"finishes without exceptions, the transaction is committed. If this commit " +"fails, or if the body of the ``with`` statement raises an uncaught " +"exception, the transaction is rolled back. If :attr:`~Connection.autocommit`" +" is ``False``, a new transaction is implicitly opened after committing or " +"rolling back." +msgstr "" +":class:`Connection` 对象可被用作上下文管理器以便在离开上下文管理器代码块时自动提交或回滚开启的事务。 如果 " +":keyword:`with` 语句体无异常地结束，事务将被提交。 如果提交失败，或者如果 ``with`` 语句体引发了未捕获的异常，则事务将被回滚。" +" 如果 :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` 为 ``False``，则会在提交或回滚后隐式地开启一个新事务。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2415 +msgid "" +"If there is no open transaction upon leaving the body of the ``with`` " +"statement, or if :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` is ``True``, the context " +"manager does nothing." +msgstr "" +"如果在离开 ``with`` 语句体时没有开启的事务，或者如果 :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` 为 " +"``True``，则上下文管理器将不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2420 +msgid "" +"The context manager neither implicitly opens a new transaction nor closes " +"the connection. If you need a closing context manager, consider using " +":meth:`contextlib.closing`." +msgstr "" +"上下文管理器既不会隐式开启新事务也不会关闭连接。 如果你需要关闭上下文管理器，请考虑使用 :meth:`contextlib.closing`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2424 +msgid "" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE lang(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR UNIQUE)\")\n" +"\n" +"# Successful, con.commit() is called automatically afterwards\n" +"with con:\n" +" con.execute(\"INSERT INTO lang(name) VALUES(?)\", (\"Python\",))\n" +"\n" +"# con.rollback() is called after the with block finishes with an exception,\n" +"# the exception is still raised and must be caught\n" +"try:\n" +" with con:\n" +" con.execute(\"INSERT INTO lang(name) VALUES(?)\", (\"Python\",))\n" +"except sqlite3.IntegrityError:\n" +" print(\"couldn't add Python twice\")\n" +"\n" +"# Connection object used as context manager only commits or rollbacks transactions,\n" +"# so the connection object should be closed manually\n" +"con.close()" +msgstr "" +"con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +"con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE lang(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR UNIQUE)\")\n" +"\n" +"# 成功，con.commit() 将在此后被自动调用\n" +"with con:\n" +" con.execute(\"INSERT INTO lang(name) VALUES(?)\", (\"Python\",))\n" +"\n" +"# con.rollback() 会在 with 代码块结束时被自动调用并附带一个异常；\n" +"# 该异常仍会被引发并且必须被捕获\n" +"try:\n" +" with con:\n" +" con.execute(\"INSERT INTO lang(name) VALUES(?)\", (\"Python\",))\n" +"except sqlite3.IntegrityError:\n" +" print(\"couldn't add Python twice\")\n" +"\n" +"# 被用作上下文管理器的连接对象只能提交或回滚事务，\n" +"# 因此连接对象必须被手动关闭\n" +"con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2454 +msgid "How to work with SQLite URIs" +msgstr "如何使用 SQLite URI" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2456 +msgid "Some useful URI tricks include:" +msgstr "一些有用的 URI 技巧包括:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2458 +msgid "Open a database in read-only mode:" +msgstr "以只读模式打开一个数据库:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2460 +msgid "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\"file:tutorial.db?mode=ro\", uri=True)\n" +">>> con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE readonly(data)\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"OperationalError: attempt to write a readonly database\n" +">>> con.close()" +msgstr "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\"file:tutorial.db?mode=ro\", uri=True)\n" +">>> con.execute(\"CREATE TABLE readonly(data)\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"OperationalError: attempt to write a readonly database\n" +">>> con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2468 +msgid "" +"Do not implicitly create a new database file if it does not already exist; " +"will raise :exc:`~sqlite3.OperationalError` if unable to create a new file:" +msgstr "" +"如果一个数据库尚不存在则不会隐式地新建数据库；如果无法新建数据库则将引发 :exc:`~sqlite3.OperationalError`:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2471 +msgid "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\"file:nosuchdb.db?mode=rw\", uri=True)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"OperationalError: unable to open database file" +msgstr "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\"file:nosuchdb.db?mode=rw\", uri=True)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"OperationalError: unable to open database file" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2478 +msgid "Create a shared named in-memory database:" +msgstr "创建一个名为 shared 的内存数据库:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2480 +msgid "" +"db = \"file:mem1?mode=memory&cache=shared\"\n" +"con1 = sqlite3.connect(db, uri=True)\n" +"con2 = sqlite3.connect(db, uri=True)\n" +"with con1:\n" +" con1.execute(\"CREATE TABLE shared(data)\")\n" +" con1.execute(\"INSERT INTO shared VALUES(28)\")\n" +"res = con2.execute(\"SELECT data FROM shared\")\n" +"assert res.fetchone() == (28,)\n" +"\n" +"con1.close()\n" +"con2.close()" +msgstr "" +"db = \"file:mem1?mode=memory&cache=shared\"\n" +"con1 = sqlite3.connect(db, uri=True)\n" +"con2 = sqlite3.connect(db, uri=True)\n" +"with con1:\n" +" con1.execute(\"CREATE TABLE shared(data)\")\n" +" con1.execute(\"INSERT INTO shared VALUES(28)\")\n" +"res = con2.execute(\"SELECT data FROM shared\")\n" +"assert res.fetchone() == (28,)\n" +"\n" +"con1.close()\n" +"con2.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2494 +msgid "" +"More information about this feature, including a list of parameters, can be " +"found in the `SQLite URI documentation`_." +msgstr "关于此特性的更多信息，包括可用的形参列表，可以在 `SQLite URI documentation`_ 中找到。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2503 +msgid "How to create and use row factories" +msgstr "如何创建并使用行工厂对象" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2505 +msgid "" +"By default, :mod:`!sqlite3` represents each row as a :class:`tuple`. If a " +":class:`!tuple` does not suit your needs, you can use the " +":class:`sqlite3.Row` class or a custom :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory`." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，:mod:`!sqlite3` 会以 :class:`tuple` 来表示每一行。 如果 :class:`!tuple` " +"不适合你的需求，你可以使用 :class:`sqlite3.Row` 类或自定义的 :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2510 +msgid "" +"While :attr:`!row_factory` exists as an attribute both on the " +":class:`Cursor` and the :class:`Connection`, it is recommended to set " +":class:`Connection.row_factory`, so all cursors created from the connection " +"will use the same row factory." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :attr:`!row_factory` 同时作为 :class:`Cursor` 和 :class:`Connection` " +"的属性存在，但推荐设置 :class:`Connection.row_factory`，这样在该连接上创建的所有游标都将使用同一个行工厂对象。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2515 +msgid "" +":class:`!Row` provides indexed and case-insensitive named access to columns," +" with minimal memory overhead and performance impact over a :class:`!tuple`." +" To use :class:`!Row` as a row factory, assign it to the " +":attr:`!row_factory` attribute:" +msgstr "" +":class:`!Row` 提供了针对列的序列方式和大小写不敏感的名称方式访问，具有优于 :class:`!tuple` 的最小化内存开销和性能影响。 " +"要使用 :class:`!Row` 作为行工厂对象，请将其赋值给 :attr:`!row_factory` 属性:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2520 +msgid "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.row_factory = sqlite3.Row" +msgstr "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.row_factory = sqlite3.Row" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2525 +msgid "Queries now return :class:`!Row` objects:" +msgstr "现在查询将返回 :class:`!Row` 对象:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2527 +msgid "" +">>> res = con.execute(\"SELECT 'Earth' AS name, 6378 AS radius\")\n" +">>> row = res.fetchone()\n" +">>> row.keys()\n" +"['name', 'radius']\n" +">>> row[0] # Access by index.\n" +"'Earth'\n" +">>> row[\"name\"] # Access by name.\n" +"'Earth'\n" +">>> row[\"RADIUS\"] # Column names are case-insensitive.\n" +"6378\n" +">>> con.close()" +msgstr "" +">>> res = con.execute(\"SELECT 'Earth' AS name, 6378 AS radius\")\n" +">>> row = res.fetchone()\n" +">>> row.keys()\n" +"['name', 'radius']\n" +">>> row[0] # 通过索引访问。\n" +"'Earth'\n" +">>> row[\"name\"] # 通过名称访问。\n" +"'Earth'\n" +">>> row[\"RADIUS\"] # 列名不区分大小写。\n" +"6378\n" +">>> con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2543 +msgid "" +"The ``FROM`` clause can be omitted in the ``SELECT`` statement, as in the " +"above example. In such cases, SQLite returns a single row with columns " +"defined by expressions, e.g. literals, with the given aliases ``expr AS " +"alias``." +msgstr "" +"``FROM`` 子句可以在 ``SELECT`` 语句中省略，像在上面的示例中那样。 在这种情况下，SQLite " +"将返回单独的行，其中的列由表达式来定义，例如使用字面量并给出相应的别名 ``expr AS alias``。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2548 +msgid "" +"You can create a custom :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory` that returns each row as" +" a :class:`dict`, with column names mapped to values:" +msgstr "" +"你可以创建自定义 :attr:`~Cursor.row_factory` 用来返回 :class:`dict` 形式的行，将列名映射到相应的值。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2551 +msgid "" +"def dict_factory(cursor, row):\n" +" fields = [column[0] for column in cursor.description]\n" +" return {key: value for key, value in zip(fields, row)}" +msgstr "" +"def dict_factory(cursor, row):\n" +" fields = [column[0] for column in cursor.description]\n" +" return {key: value for key, value in zip(fields, row)}" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2557 +msgid "" +"Using it, queries now return a :class:`!dict` instead of a :class:`!tuple`:" +msgstr "使用它，现在查询将返回 :class:`!dict` 而不是 :class:`!tuple`:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2559 +msgid "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.row_factory = dict_factory\n" +">>> for row in con.execute(\"SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b\"):\n" +"... print(row)\n" +"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n" +">>> con.close()" +msgstr "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.row_factory = dict_factory\n" +">>> for row in con.execute(\"SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b\"):\n" +"... print(row)\n" +"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n" +">>> con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2568 +msgid "The following row factory returns a :term:`named tuple`:" +msgstr "以下行工厂函数将返回一个 :term:`named tuple`:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2570 +msgid "" +"from collections import namedtuple\n" +"\n" +"def namedtuple_factory(cursor, row):\n" +" fields = [column[0] for column in cursor.description]\n" +" cls = namedtuple(\"Row\", fields)\n" +" return cls._make(row)" +msgstr "" +"from collections import namedtuple\n" +"\n" +"def namedtuple_factory(cursor, row):\n" +" fields = [column[0] for column in cursor.description]\n" +" cls = namedtuple(\"Row\", fields)\n" +" return cls._make(row)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2579 +msgid ":func:`!namedtuple_factory` can be used as follows:" +msgstr ":func:`!namedtuple_factory` 可以像下面这样使用:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2581 +msgid "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.row_factory = namedtuple_factory\n" +">>> cur = con.execute(\"SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b\")\n" +">>> row = cur.fetchone()\n" +">>> row\n" +"Row(a=1, b=2)\n" +">>> row[0] # Indexed access.\n" +"1\n" +">>> row.b # Attribute access.\n" +"2\n" +">>> con.close()" +msgstr "" +">>> con = sqlite3.connect(\":memory:\")\n" +">>> con.row_factory = namedtuple_factory\n" +">>> cur = con.execute(\"SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b\")\n" +">>> row = cur.fetchone()\n" +">>> row\n" +"Row(a=1, b=2)\n" +">>> row[0] # 索引访问。\n" +"1\n" +">>> row.b # 属性访问。\n" +"2\n" +">>> con.close()" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2595 +msgid "" +"With some adjustments, the above recipe can be adapted to use a " +":class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`, or any other custom class, instead of a " +":class:`~collections.namedtuple`." +msgstr "" +"经过一些调整，上面的范例程序可以被适配为使用 :class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`，或任何其他自定义类，而不是 " +":class:`~collections.namedtuple`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2603 +msgid "How to handle non-UTF-8 text encodings" +msgstr "如何处理非 UTF-8 文本编码格式" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2605 +msgid "" +"By default, :mod:`!sqlite3` uses :class:`str` to adapt SQLite values with " +"the ``TEXT`` data type. This works well for UTF-8 encoded text, but it might" +" fail for other encodings and invalid UTF-8. You can use a custom " +":attr:`~Connection.text_factory` to handle such cases." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，:mod:`!sqlite3` 使用 :class:`str` 来适配 ``TEXT`` 数据类型的 SQLite 值。 这对 UTF-8" +" 编码的文本来说很适用，但对于其他编码格式和无效的 UTF-8 来说则可能出错。 你可以使用自定义的 " +":attr:`~Connection.text_factory` 来处理这种情况。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2611 +msgid "" +"Because of SQLite's `flexible typing`_, it is not uncommon to encounter " +"table columns with the ``TEXT`` data type containing non-UTF-8 encodings, or" +" even arbitrary data. To demonstrate, let's assume we have a database with " +"ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) encoded text, for example a table of Czech-English " +"dictionary entries. Assuming we now have a :class:`Connection` instance " +":py:data:`!con` connected to this database, we can decode the Latin-2 " +"encoded text using this :attr:`~Connection.text_factory`:" +msgstr "" +"由于 SQLite 的 `flexible typing`_，遇到包含非 UTF-8 编码格式的 ``TEXT`` " +"数据类型甚至任意数据的表字段的情况并不少见。 作为演示，让我们假定有一个使用 ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) " +"编码的文本的数据库，例如一个捷克语-英语字典条目的表。 假定我们现在有一个 :class:`Connection` 实例 :py:data:`!con`" +" 已连接到这个数据库，我们将可以使用这个 :attr:`~Connection.text_factory` 来解码使用 Latin-2 编码的文本：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2620 +msgid "con.text_factory = lambda data: str(data, encoding=\"latin2\")" +msgstr "con.text_factory = lambda data: str(data, encoding=\"latin2\")" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2624 +msgid "" +"For invalid UTF-8 or arbitrary data in stored in ``TEXT`` table columns, you" +" can use the following technique, borrowed from the :ref:`unicode-howto`:" +msgstr "" +"对于存储在 ``TEXT`` 表字段中的无效 UTF-8 或任意数据，你可以使用以下技巧，借用自 :ref:`unicode-howto`:" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2627 +msgid "con.text_factory = lambda data: str(data, errors=\"surrogateescape\")" +msgstr "con.text_factory = lambda data: str(data, errors=\"surrogateescape\")" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2633 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sqlite3` module API does not support strings containing " +"surrogates." +msgstr ":mod:`!sqlite3` 模块 API 不支持包含替代符的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2638 +msgid ":ref:`unicode-howto`" +msgstr ":ref:`unicode-howto`" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2644 +msgid "Explanation" +msgstr "说明" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2650 +msgid "Transaction control" +msgstr "事务控制" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2652 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` offers multiple methods of controlling whether, when and how" +" database transactions are opened and closed. :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-" +"control-autocommit` is recommended, while :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-" +"isolation-level` retains the pre-Python 3.12 behaviour." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` 提供了多个方法来控制在何时以及怎样控制数据库事务的开启和关闭。 推荐使用 " +":ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-autocommit` ，而 :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-" +"control-isolation-level` 则保留了 Python 3.12 之前的行为。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2661 +msgid "Transaction control via the ``autocommit`` attribute" +msgstr "通过 ``autocommit`` 属性进行事务控制" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2663 +msgid "" +"The recommended way of controlling transaction behaviour is through the " +":attr:`Connection.autocommit` attribute, which should preferably be set " +"using the *autocommit* parameter of :func:`connect`." +msgstr "" +"控制事务行为的推荐方式是通过 :attr:`Connection.autocommit` 属性，最好是使用 :func:`connect` 的 " +"*autocommit* 形参来设置该属性。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2668 +msgid "" +"It is suggested to set *autocommit* to ``False``, which implies " +":pep:`249`-compliant transaction control. This means:" +msgstr "建议将 *autocommit* 设为 ``False``，表示使用兼容 :pep:`249` 的事务控制。 这意味着：" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2672 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` ensures that a transaction is always open, so " +":func:`connect`, :meth:`Connection.commit`, and :meth:`Connection.rollback` " +"will implicitly open a new transaction (immediately after closing the " +"pending one, for the latter two). :mod:`!sqlite3` uses ``BEGIN DEFERRED`` " +"statements when opening transactions." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` 会确保事务始终处于开启状态，因此 :func:`connect` 、:meth:`Connection.commit` " +"和 :meth:`Connection.rollback` 将隐式地开启一个新事务（对于后两者，在关闭待处理事务后会立即执行）。 开启事务时 " +":mod:`!sqlite3` 会使用 ``BEGIN DEFERRED`` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2677 +msgid "Transactions should be committed explicitly using :meth:`!commit`." +msgstr "事务应当显式地使用 :meth:`!commit` 执行提交。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2678 +msgid "Transactions should be rolled back explicitly using :meth:`!rollback`." +msgstr "事务应当显式地使用 :meth:`!rollback` 执行回滚。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2679 +msgid "" +"An implicit rollback is performed if the database is " +":meth:`~Connection.close`-ed with pending changes." +msgstr "如果数据库执行 :meth:`~Connection.close` 时有待处理的更改则会隐式地执行回滚。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2682 +msgid "" +"Set *autocommit* to ``True`` to enable SQLite's `autocommit mode`_. In this " +"mode, :meth:`Connection.commit` and :meth:`Connection.rollback` have no " +"effect. Note that SQLite's autocommit mode is distinct from the " +":pep:`249`-compliant :attr:`Connection.autocommit` attribute; use " +":attr:`Connection.in_transaction` to query the low-level SQLite autocommit " +"mode." +msgstr "" +"将 *autocommit* 设为 ``True`` 以启用 SQLite 的 `autocommit mode`_。 " +"在此模式下，:meth:`Connection.commit` 和 :meth:`Connection.rollback` 将没有任何作用。 请注意 " +"SQLite 的自动提交模式与兼容 :pep:`249` 的 :attr:`Connection.autocommit` 属性不同；请使用 " +":attr:`Connection.in_transaction` 查询底层的 SQLite 自动提交模式。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2690 +msgid "" +"Set *autocommit* to :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` to leave transaction " +"control behaviour to the :attr:`Connection.isolation_level` attribute. See " +":ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-isolation-level` for more information." +msgstr "" +"将 *autocommit* 设为 :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` 以将事务控制行为保留给 " +":attr:`Connection.isolation_level` 属性。 更多信息参见 :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-" +"control-isolation-level`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2699 +msgid "Transaction control via the ``isolation_level`` attribute" +msgstr "通过 ``isolation_level`` 属性进行事务控制" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2703 +msgid "" +"The recommended way of controlling transactions is via the " +":attr:`~Connection.autocommit` attribute. See :ref:`sqlite3-transaction-" +"control-autocommit`." +msgstr "" +"推荐的控制事务方式是通过 :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` 属性。 参见 " +":ref:`sqlite3-transaction-control-autocommit`。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2707 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`Connection.autocommit` is set to " +":data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` (the default), transaction behaviour is " +"controlled using the :attr:`Connection.isolation_level` attribute. " +"Otherwise, :attr:`!isolation_level` has no effect." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`Connection.autocommit` 被设为 :data:`LEGACY_TRANSACTION_CONTROL` " +"(默认值)，则事务行为由 :attr:`Connection.isolation_level` 属性控制。 " +"否则，:attr:`!isolation_level` 将没有任何作用。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2713 +msgid "" +"If the connection attribute :attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` is not " +"``None``, new transactions are implicitly opened before " +":meth:`~Cursor.execute` and :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` executes ``INSERT``," +" ``UPDATE``, ``DELETE``, or ``REPLACE`` statements; for other statements, no" +" implicit transaction handling is performed. Use the " +":meth:`~Connection.commit` and :meth:`~Connection.rollback` methods to " +"respectively commit and roll back pending transactions. You can choose the " +"underlying `SQLite transaction behaviour`_ — that is, whether and what type " +"of ``BEGIN`` statements :mod:`!sqlite3` implicitly executes – via the " +":attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` attribute." +msgstr "" +"如果连接的属性 :attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` 不为 ``None``，新的事务会在 " +":meth:`~Cursor.execute` 和 :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` 执行 ``INSERT``, " +"``UPDATE``, ``DELETE`` 或 ``REPLACE`` 语句之前隐式地开启；对于其他语句，则不会执行隐式的事务处理。 可分别使用 " +":meth:`~Connection.commit` 和 :meth:`~Connection.rollback` 方法提交和回滚未应用的事务。 " +"你可以通过 :attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` 属性来选择下层的 `SQLite transaction " +"behaviour`_ — 也就是说，:mod:`!sqlite3` 是否要隐式地执行以及执行何种类型的 ``BEGIN`` 语句" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2726 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` is set to ``None``, no transactions " +"are implicitly opened at all. This leaves the underlying SQLite library in " +"`autocommit mode`_, but also allows the user to perform their own " +"transaction handling using explicit SQL statements. The underlying SQLite " +"library autocommit mode can be queried using the " +":attr:`~Connection.in_transaction` attribute." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` 被设为 ``None``，则完全不会隐式地开启任何事务。 这将使下层 " +"SQLite 库处于 `自动提交模式`_，但也允许用户使用显式 SQL 语句执行他们自己的事务处理。 下层 SQLite 库的自动提交模式可使用 " +":attr:`~Connection.in_transaction` 属性来查询。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2734 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Cursor.executescript` method implicitly commits any pending " +"transaction before execution of the given SQL script, regardless of the " +"value of :attr:`~Connection.isolation_level`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~Cursor.executescript` 方法会在执行给定的 SQL 脚本之前隐式地提交任何挂起的事务，无论 " +":attr:`~Connection.isolation_level` 的值是什么。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2738 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sqlite3` used to implicitly commit an open transaction before DDL " +"statements. This is no longer the case." +msgstr "在以前 :mod:`!sqlite3` 会在 DDL 语句之前隐式地提交已开启的事务。 现存则不会再这样做。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:2742 +msgid "" +"The recommended way of controlling transactions is now via the " +":attr:`~Connection.autocommit` attribute." +msgstr "现在推荐的控制事务方式是通过 :attr:`~Connection.autocommit` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1493 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1493 ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1494 +msgid "in SQL statements" +msgstr "在 SQL 语句中" + +#: ../../library/sqlite3.rst:1494 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" diff --git a/library/ssl.po b/library/ssl.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58dad0629 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/ssl.po @@ -0,0 +1,4452 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Hissy , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# 汪心禾 , 2023 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!ssl` --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects" +msgstr ":mod:`!ssl` --- 套接字对象的 TLS/SSL 包装器" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ssl.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/ssl.py`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to Transport Layer Security (often known as " +"\"Secure Sockets Layer\") encryption and peer authentication facilities for " +"network sockets, both client-side and server-side. This module uses the " +"OpenSSL library. It is available on all modern Unix systems, Windows, macOS," +" and probably additional platforms, as long as OpenSSL is installed on that " +"platform." +msgstr "" +"该模块提供了对传输层安全（通常称为 \"安全套接字层\"）加密和网络套接字的对等认证设施的访问，包括客户端和服务器端。 该模块使用 OpenSSL " +"库。它可以在所有现代 Unix 系统、 Windows 、 macOS 和可能的其他平台上使用，只要 OpenSSL 安装在该平台上。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Some behavior may be platform dependent, since calls are made to the " +"operating system socket APIs. The installed version of OpenSSL may also " +"cause variations in behavior. For example, TLSv1.3 comes with OpenSSL " +"version 1.1.1." +msgstr "" +"某些行为可能依赖于具体平台，因为调用了操作系统的套接字 API. 已安装的 OpenSSL 版本也可能会导致不同的行为。 比如，TLSv1.3 是 " +"OpenSSL 1.1.1 版才提供的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Don't use this module without reading the :ref:`ssl-security`. Doing so may" +" lead to a false sense of security, as the default settings of the ssl " +"module are not necessarily appropriate for your application." +msgstr "" +"在阅读 :ref:`ssl-security` 前不要使用此模块。 这样做可能会导致虚假的安全感，因为ssl模块的默认设置不一定适合你的应用程序。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:454 ../../library/ssl.rst:469 +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:38 +msgid "" +"This section documents the objects and functions in the ``ssl`` module; for " +"more general information about TLS, SSL, and certificates, the reader is " +"referred to the documents in the \"See Also\" section at the bottom." +msgstr "文档本文档记录 ``ssl`` 模块的对象和函数；更多关于TLS,SSL,和证书的信息，请参阅下方的“详情”选项" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:42 +msgid "" +"This module provides a class, :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, which is derived from " +"the :class:`socket.socket` type, and provides a socket-like wrapper that " +"also encrypts and decrypts the data going over the socket with SSL. It " +"supports additional methods such as :meth:`getpeercert`, which retrieves the" +" certificate of the other side of the connection, :meth:`cipher`, which " +"retrieves the cipher being used for the secure connection or " +":meth:`get_verified_chain`, :meth:`get_unverified_chain` which retrieves " +"certificate chain." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供了一个类 :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`，它派生自 :class:`socket.socket` " +"类型，并提供类似套接字的包装器，也能够使用 SSL 对通过套接字的数据进行加密和解密。 它支持一些额外方法例如 " +":meth:`getpeercert`，该方法可以从连接的另一端获取证书，还有 :meth:`cipher`，该方法可获取安全连接所使用的密码，以及 " +":meth:`get_verified_chain`、:meth:`get_unverified_chain`，它们可获取证书链。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:51 +msgid "" +"For more sophisticated applications, the :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class helps" +" manage settings and certificates, which can then be inherited by SSL " +"sockets created through the :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method." +msgstr "" +"对于更复杂的应用程序，:class:`ssl.SSLContext` 类有助于管理设置项和证书，进而可以被使用 " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` 方法创建的 SSL 套接字继承。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:55 +msgid "Updated to support linking with OpenSSL 1.1.0" +msgstr "更新以支持和 OpenSSL 1.1.0 的链接" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:60 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL 0.9.8, 1.0.0 and 1.0.1 are deprecated and no longer supported. In " +"the future the ssl module will require at least OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1.0." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 0.9.8、1.0.0 和 1.0.1 已过时，将不再被支持。在 ssl 模块未来的版本中，最低需要 OpenSSL 1.0.2 或 " +"1.1.0。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:66 +msgid "" +":pep:`644` has been implemented. The ssl module requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or " +"newer." +msgstr ":pep:`644` 已经实现。ssl 模块需要 OpenSSL 1.1.1 以上版本的支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Use of deprecated constants and functions result in deprecation warnings." +msgstr "使用废弃的常量和函数会导致废弃警告。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:73 +msgid "Functions, Constants, and Exceptions" +msgstr "方法、常量和异常处理" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:77 +msgid "Socket creation" +msgstr "套接字创建" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`SSLSocket` must be created using the " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method. The helper function " +":func:`create_default_context` returns a new context with secure default " +"settings." +msgstr "" +":class:`SSLSocket` 的实例必须使用 :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` 方法来创建。 辅助函数 " +":func:`create_default_context` 将返回一个使用安全的默认设置的新上下文。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:84 +msgid "Client socket example with default context and IPv4/IPv6 dual stack::" +msgstr "客户端套接字实例，采用默认上下文和IPv4/IPv6双栈::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:86 +msgid "" +"import socket\n" +"import ssl\n" +"\n" +"hostname = 'www.python.org'\n" +"context = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +"\n" +"with socket.create_connection((hostname, 443)) as sock:\n" +" with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:\n" +" print(ssock.version())" +msgstr "" +"import socket\n" +"import ssl\n" +"\n" +"hostname = 'www.python.org'\n" +"context = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +"\n" +"with socket.create_connection((hostname, 443)) as sock:\n" +" with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:\n" +" print(ssock.version())" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:97 +msgid "Client socket example with custom context and IPv4::" +msgstr "客户端套接字示例，带有自定义上下文和IPv4::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:99 +msgid "" +"hostname = 'www.python.org'\n" +"# PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT requires valid cert chain and hostname\n" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +"context.load_verify_locations('path/to/cabundle.pem')\n" +"\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0) as sock:\n" +" with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:\n" +" print(ssock.version())" +msgstr "" +"hostname = 'www.python.org'\n" +"# PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT 需要有效的证书链和主机名\n" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +"context.load_verify_locations('path/to/cabundle.pem')\n" +"\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0) as sock:\n" +" with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=hostname) as ssock:\n" +" print(ssock.version())" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:109 +msgid "Server socket example listening on localhost IPv4::" +msgstr "服务器套接字实例，在localhost上监听IPv4::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:111 +msgid "" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)\n" +"context.load_cert_chain('/path/to/certchain.pem', '/path/to/private.key')\n" +"\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0) as sock:\n" +" sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8443))\n" +" sock.listen(5)\n" +" with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True) as ssock:\n" +" conn, addr = ssock.accept()\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)\n" +"context.load_cert_chain('/path/to/certchain.pem', '/path/to/private.key')\n" +"\n" +"with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0) as sock:\n" +" sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8443))\n" +" sock.listen(5)\n" +" with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True) as ssock:\n" +" conn, addr = ssock.accept()\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:123 +msgid "Context creation" +msgstr "上下文创建" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:125 +msgid "" +"A convenience function helps create :class:`SSLContext` objects for common " +"purposes." +msgstr "便捷函数，可以帮助创建 :class:`SSLContext` 对象，用于常见的目的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Return a new :class:`SSLContext` object with default settings for the given " +"*purpose*. The settings are chosen by the :mod:`ssl` module, and usually " +"represent a higher security level than when calling the :class:`SSLContext` " +"constructor directly." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 :class:`SSLContext` 对象，使用给定 *purpose* 的默认设置。 该设置由 :mod:`ssl` " +"模块选择，并且通常是代表一个比直接调用 :class:`SSLContext` 构造器时更高的安全等级。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:135 +msgid "" +"*cafile*, *capath*, *cadata* represent optional CA certificates to trust for" +" certificate verification, as in :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`. " +"If all three are :const:`None`, this function can choose to trust the " +"system's default CA certificates instead." +msgstr "" +"*cafile*, *capath*, *cadata* 代表用于进行证书核验的可选受信任 CA 证书，与 " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations` 的一致。 如果三个参数均为 " +":const:`None`，此函数可以转而选择信任系统的默认 CA 证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:141 +msgid "" +"The settings are: :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` or " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2`, and :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` " +"with high encryption cipher suites without RC4 and without unauthenticated " +"cipher suites. Passing :const:`~Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` as *purpose* sets " +":data:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` to :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` and either loads CA" +" certificates (when at least one of *cafile*, *capath* or *cadata* is given)" +" or uses :meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` to load default CA " +"certificates." +msgstr "" +"设置为: :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 或 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`, " +":data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` 和 :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` 带有不含 RC4 及未认证的高强度加密密码套件。 传入 " +":const:`~Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` 作为 *purpose* 将把 " +":data:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` 设为 :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` 并加载 CA 证书（若至少给出 " +"*cafile*, *capath* 或 *cadata* 之一）或使用 :meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` " +"加载默认的 CA 证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:150 +msgid "" +"When :attr:`~SSLContext.keylog_filename` is supported and the environment " +"variable :envvar:`SSLKEYLOGFILE` is set, :func:`create_default_context` " +"enables key logging." +msgstr "" +"当 :attr:`~SSLContext.keylog_filename` 受支持并且设置了环境变量 :envvar:`SSLKEYLOGFILE` " +"时，:func:`create_default_context` 会启用密钥日志记录。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:154 +msgid "" +"The default settings for this context include " +":data:`VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` and :data:`VERIFY_X509_STRICT`. These make" +" the underlying OpenSSL implementation behave more like a conforming " +"implementation of :rfc:`5280`, in exchange for a small amount of " +"incompatibility with older X.509 certificates." +msgstr "" +"此上下文的默认设置包括 :data:`VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` 和 :data:`VERIFY_X509_STRICT`。 " +"这使得下层的 OpenSSL 实现的行为与符合 :rfc:`5280` 的实现更为相似，代价则是与较旧的 X.509 证书存在少量不兼容。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:161 +msgid "" +"The protocol, options, cipher and other settings may change to more " +"restrictive values anytime without prior deprecation. The values represent " +"a fair balance between compatibility and security." +msgstr "协议、选项、密码和其他设置可随时更改为更具约束性的值而无须事先弃用。 这些值代表了兼容性和安全性之间的合理平衡。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:165 +msgid "" +"If your application needs specific settings, you should create a " +":class:`SSLContext` and apply the settings yourself." +msgstr "如果你的应用需要特定的设置，你应当创建一个 :class:`SSLContext` 并自行应用设置。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:169 +msgid "" +"If you find that when certain older clients or servers attempt to connect " +"with a :class:`SSLContext` created by this function that they get an error " +"stating \"Protocol or cipher suite mismatch\", it may be that they only " +"support SSL3.0 which this function excludes using the :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3`. " +"SSL3.0 is widely considered to be `completely broken " +"`_. If you still wish to continue to " +"use this function but still allow SSL 3.0 connections you can re-enable them" +" using::" +msgstr "" +"如果你发现当某些较旧的客户端或服务器尝试与用此函数创建的 :class:`SSLContext` 进行连接时收到了报错提示 \"Protocol or " +"cipher suite mismatch\"，这可能是因为它们只支持 SSL3.0 而它被此函数用 :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` 排除掉了。" +" SSL3.0 被广泛认为 `完全不可用 `_。 " +"如果你仍希望继续使用此函数但仍允许 SSL 3.0 连接，你可以使用以下代码重新启用它们::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:178 +msgid "" +"ctx = ssl.create_default_context(Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)\n" +"ctx.options &= ~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3" +msgstr "" +"ctx = ssl.create_default_context(Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)\n" +"ctx.options &= ~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:182 +msgid "" +"This context enables :data:`VERIFY_X509_STRICT` by default, which may reject" +" pre-:rfc:`5280` or malformed certificates that the underlying OpenSSL " +"implementation otherwise would accept. While disabling this is not " +"recommended, you can do so using::" +msgstr "" +"此上下文默认会启用 :data:`VERIFY_X509_STRICT`，它可能拒绝下层 OpenSSL 实现在其他情况下应当会接受的 " +":rfc:`5280` 之前的证书或格式错误的证书。 虽然不建议禁用此功能，但你可以使用以下方式做到这一点::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:187 +msgid "" +"ctx = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +"ctx.verify_flags &= ~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT" +msgstr "" +"ctx = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +"ctx.verify_flags &= ~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:194 +msgid "RC4 was dropped from the default cipher string." +msgstr "RC4 被从默认密码字符串中丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:198 +msgid "ChaCha20/Poly1305 was added to the default cipher string." +msgstr "ChaCha20/Poly1305 被添加到默认密码字符串中。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:200 +msgid "3DES was dropped from the default cipher string." +msgstr "3DES 被从默认密码字符串中丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:204 +msgid "Support for key logging to :envvar:`SSLKEYLOGFILE` was added." +msgstr "增加了对密钥日志记录至 :envvar:`SSLKEYLOGFILE` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:208 +msgid "" +"The context now uses :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` or " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` protocol instead of generic " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`." +msgstr "" +"当前上下文使用 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 或 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` 协议而非通用的 " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:214 +msgid "" +"The context now uses :data:`VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` and " +":data:`VERIFY_X509_STRICT` in its default verify flags." +msgstr "" +"此上下文现在会在其默认验证旗标中使用 :data:`VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` 和 " +":data:`VERIFY_X509_STRICT`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:219 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Raised to signal an error from the underlying SSL implementation (currently " +"provided by the OpenSSL library). This signifies some problem in the " +"higher-level encryption and authentication layer that's superimposed on the " +"underlying network connection. This error is a subtype of :exc:`OSError`. " +"The error code and message of :exc:`SSLError` instances are provided by the " +"OpenSSL library." +msgstr "" +"引发此异常以提示来自下层 SSL 实现（目前由 OpenSSL 库提供）的错误。 它表示在下层网络连接之上叠加的高层级加密和验证层存在某种问题。 " +"此错误是 :exc:`OSError` 的一个子类型。 :exc:`SSLError` 实例的错误和消息是由 OpenSSL 库提供的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:230 +msgid ":exc:`SSLError` used to be a subtype of :exc:`socket.error`." +msgstr ":exc:`SSLError` 曾经是 :exc:`socket.error` 的一个子类型。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:235 +msgid "" +"A string mnemonic designating the OpenSSL submodule in which the error " +"occurred, such as ``SSL``, ``PEM`` or ``X509``. The range of possible " +"values depends on the OpenSSL version." +msgstr "" +"一个字符串形式的助记符，用来指明发生错误的 OpenSSL 子模块，例如 ``SSL``, ``PEM`` 或 ``X509``。 可能的取值范围依赖于" +" OpenSSL 的版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:243 +msgid "" +"A string mnemonic designating the reason this error occurred, for example " +"``CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED``. The range of possible values depends on the " +"OpenSSL version." +msgstr "" +"一个字符串形式的助记符，用来指明发生错误的原因，例如 ``CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED``。 可能的取值范围依赖于 OpenSSL" +" 的版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:251 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when trying to read or write and the " +"SSL connection has been closed cleanly. Note that this doesn't mean that " +"the underlying transport (read TCP) has been closed." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SSLError` 的子类，当尝试读取或写入且 SSL 连接已被完全关闭时会被引发。 请注意这并不意味着下层的传输（读取 TCP）已被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:259 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised by a :ref:`non-blocking SSL socket " +"` when trying to read or write data, but more data needs to" +" be received on the underlying TCP transport before the request can be " +"fulfilled." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SSLError` 的子类，当尝试读取或写入数据，但在请求被满足之前还需要在下层的 TCP 传输上接收更多数据时会被 :ref:`非阻塞型 " +"SSL 套接字 ` 引发。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:268 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised by a :ref:`non-blocking SSL socket " +"` when trying to read or write data, but more data needs to" +" be sent on the underlying TCP transport before the request can be " +"fulfilled." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SSLError` 的子类，当尝试读取或写入数据，但在请求被满足之前还需要在下层的 TCP 传输上发送更多数据时会被 :ref:`非阻塞型 " +"SSL 套接字 ` 引发。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:277 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when a system error was encountered " +"while trying to fulfill an operation on a SSL socket. Unfortunately, there " +"is no easy way to inspect the original errno number." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SSLError` 的子类，当尝试在 SSL 套接字上执行操作时遇到系统错误时会被引发。 不幸的是，没有简单的方式能检查原始 errno " +"编号。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:285 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when the SSL connection has been " +"terminated abruptly. Generally, you shouldn't try to reuse the underlying " +"transport when this error is encountered." +msgstr ":exc:`SSLError` 的子类，当 SSL 连接被突然终止时会被引发。 通常，当遇到此错误时你不应再尝试重用下层的传输。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:293 +msgid "" +"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when certificate validation has failed." +msgstr ":exc:`SSLError` 的子类，当证书验证失败时会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:300 +msgid "A numeric error number that denotes the verification error." +msgstr "一个数字形式的错误编号，用于表示验证错误。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:304 +msgid "A human readable string of the verification error." +msgstr "用于表示验证错误的人类可读的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:308 +msgid "An alias for :exc:`SSLCertVerificationError`." +msgstr ":exc:`SSLCertVerificationError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:310 +msgid "The exception is now an alias for :exc:`SSLCertVerificationError`." +msgstr "此异常现在是 :exc:`SSLCertVerificationError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:315 +msgid "Random generation" +msgstr "随机生成" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Return *num* cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes. Raises an " +":class:`SSLError` if the PRNG has not been seeded with enough data or if the" +" operation is not supported by the current RAND method. :func:`RAND_status` " +"can be used to check the status of the PRNG and :func:`RAND_add` can be used" +" to seed the PRNG." +msgstr "" +"返回 *num* 个高加密强度伪随机字节数据。 如果 PRNG 未使用足够的数据作为随机种子或者如果当前 RAND 方法不支持该操作则会引发 " +":class:`SSLError`。 :func:`RAND_status` 可被用来检查 PRNG 的状态而 :func:`RAND_add` " +"可被用来为 PRNG 设置随机种子。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:325 +msgid "For almost all applications :func:`os.urandom` is preferable." +msgstr "对于几乎所有应用程序都更推荐使用 :func:`os.urandom`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:327 +msgid "" +"Read the Wikipedia article, `Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number " +"generator (CSPRNG) " +"`_," +" to get the requirements of a cryptographically strong generator." +msgstr "" +"请阅读维基百科文章 `Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) " +"`_" +" 以了解对于高加密强度生成器的具体要求。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:336 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the SSL pseudo-random number generator has been seeded " +"with 'enough' randomness, and ``False`` otherwise. You can use " +":func:`ssl.RAND_egd` and :func:`ssl.RAND_add` to increase the randomness of " +"the pseudo-random number generator." +msgstr "" +"如果 SSL 伪随机数生成器已使用‘足够的’随机性作为种子则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 你可以使用 " +":func:`ssl.RAND_egd` 和 :func:`ssl.RAND_add` 来增加伪随机数生成器的随机性。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:343 +msgid "" +"Mix the given *bytes* into the SSL pseudo-random number generator. The " +"parameter *entropy* (a float) is a lower bound on the entropy contained in " +"string (so you can always use ``0.0``). See :rfc:`1750` for more " +"information on sources of entropy." +msgstr "" +"将给定的 *bytes* 混合到 SSL 伪随机数生成器中。 参数 *entropy* (浮点数) 是字符串中包含的熵值的下限 （因此可以始终使用 " +"``0.0``)。 请参阅 :rfc:`1750` 了解有关熵源的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:348 +msgid "Writable :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted." +msgstr "现在接受可写的 :term:`字节类对象 `。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:352 +msgid "Certificate handling" +msgstr "证书处理" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Return the time in seconds since the Epoch, given the ``cert_time`` string " +"representing the \"notBefore\" or \"notAfter\" date from a certificate in " +"``\"%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z\"`` strptime format (C locale)." +msgstr "" +"返回距离 Unix 纪元零时的秒数，给定的 ``cert_time`` 字符串代表来自证书的 \"notBefore\" 或 \"notAfter\" " +"日期值，采用 ``\"%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z\"`` strptime 格式（C 区域）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:365 +msgid "Here's an example:" +msgstr "以下为示例代码:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:367 +msgid "" +">>> import ssl\n" +">>> timestamp = ssl.cert_time_to_seconds(\"Jan 5 09:34:43 2018 GMT\")\n" +">>> timestamp\n" +"1515144883\n" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> print(datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp))\n" +"2018-01-05 09:34:43" +msgstr "" +">>> import ssl\n" +">>> timestamp = ssl.cert_time_to_seconds(\"Jan 5 09:34:43 2018 GMT\")\n" +">>> timestamp\n" +"1515144883\n" +">>> from datetime import datetime\n" +">>> print(datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp))\n" +"2018-01-05 09:34:43" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:377 +msgid "\"notBefore\" or \"notAfter\" dates must use GMT (:rfc:`5280`)." +msgstr "\"notBefore\" 或 \"notAfter\" 日期值必须使用 GMT (:rfc:`5280`)。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Interpret the input time as a time in UTC as specified by 'GMT' timezone in " +"the input string. Local timezone was used previously. Return an integer (no " +"fractions of a second in the input format)" +msgstr "" +"将输入时间解读为 UTC 时间，基于输入字符串中指明的 'GMT' 时区。 在之前使用的是本地时区。 返回一个整数（不带输入格式中秒的分数部分）" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:388 +msgid "" +"Given the address ``addr`` of an SSL-protected server, as a (*hostname*, " +"*port-number*) pair, fetches the server's certificate, and returns it as a " +"PEM-encoded string. If ``ssl_version`` is specified, uses that version of " +"the SSL protocol to attempt to connect to the server. If *ca_certs* is " +"specified, it should be a file containing a list of root certificates, the " +"same format as used for the *cafile* parameter in " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`. The call will attempt to validate" +" the server certificate against that set of root certificates, and will fail" +" if the validation attempt fails. A timeout can be specified with the " +"``timeout`` parameter." +msgstr "" +"给定使用 SSL 保护的服务器的地址 ``addr``，形式为一个 (*hostname*, *port-number*) " +"对，获取该服务器的证书，并返回为 PEM 编码的字符串。 如果指定了 ``ssl_version``，则使用该版本的 SSL 协议尝试连接该服务器。 " +"如果指定了 *ca_certs*，它应当是一个包含根证书列表的文件，与 :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`" +" 中 *cafile* 形参所使用的格式相同。 该调用将尝试根据该根证书集来难服务器的证书，如果验证失败则调用也将失败。 可以通过 " +"``timeout`` 形参来指定超时限制。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:399 +msgid "This function is now IPv6-compatible." +msgstr "此函数现在是 IPv6 兼容的。-compatible." + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:402 +msgid "" +"The default *ssl_version* is changed from :data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv3` to " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` for maximum compatibility with modern servers." +msgstr "" +"默认的 *ssl_version* 从 :data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv3` 改为 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` " +"以保证与现代服务器的最大兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:406 +msgid "The *timeout* parameter was added." +msgstr "加入 *timeout* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Given a certificate as a DER-encoded blob of bytes, returns a PEM-encoded " +"string version of the same certificate." +msgstr "根据给定的 DER 编码字节块形式的证书，返回同一证书的 PEM 编码字符串版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Given a certificate as an ASCII PEM string, returns a DER-encoded sequence " +"of bytes for that same certificate." +msgstr "根据给定的 ASCII PEM 字符串形式的证书，返回同一证书的 DER 编码字节序列。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:421 +msgid "" +"Returns a named tuple with paths to OpenSSL's default cafile and capath. The" +" paths are the same as used by :meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths`. " +"The return value is a :term:`named tuple` ``DefaultVerifyPaths``:" +msgstr "" +"返回包含 OpenSSL 的默认 cafile 和 capath 的路径的命名元组。 此路径与 " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths` 所使用的相同。 返回值是一个 :term:`named " +"tuple` ``DefaultVerifyPaths``:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:426 +msgid "" +":attr:`cafile` - resolved path to cafile or ``None`` if the file doesn't " +"exist," +msgstr ":attr:`cafile` - 解析出的 cafile 路径或者如果文件不存在则为 ``None``," + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:427 +msgid "" +":attr:`capath` - resolved path to capath or ``None`` if the directory " +"doesn't exist," +msgstr ":attr:`capath` - 解析出的 capath 路径或者如果目录不存在则为 ``None``," + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:428 +msgid "" +":attr:`openssl_cafile_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a " +"cafile," +msgstr ":attr:`openssl_cafile_env` - 指向一个 cafile 的 OpenSSL 环境键," + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:429 +msgid ":attr:`openssl_cafile` - hard coded path to a cafile," +msgstr ":attr:`openssl_cafile` - 一个 cafile 的硬编码路径," + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:430 +msgid "" +":attr:`openssl_capath_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a " +"capath," +msgstr ":attr:`openssl_capath_env` - 指向一个 capath 的 OpenSSL 环境键," + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:431 +msgid ":attr:`openssl_capath` - hard coded path to a capath directory" +msgstr ":attr:`openssl_capath` - 一个 capath 目录的硬编码路径" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:437 +msgid "" +"Retrieve certificates from Windows' system cert store. *store_name* may be " +"one of ``CA``, ``ROOT`` or ``MY``. Windows may provide additional cert " +"stores, too." +msgstr "" +"从 Windows 的系统证书库中检索证书。 *store_name* 可以是 ``CA``, ``ROOT`` 或 ``MY`` 中的一个。 " +"Windows 也可能会提供额外的证书库。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The function returns a list of (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) tuples. " +"The encoding_type specifies the encoding of cert_bytes. It is either " +":const:`x509_asn` for X.509 ASN.1 data or :const:`pkcs_7_asn` for PKCS#7 " +"ASN.1 data. Trust specifies the purpose of the certificate as a set of OIDS " +"or exactly ``True`` if the certificate is trustworthy for all purposes." +msgstr "" +"此函数返回一个包含 (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) 元组的列表。 encoding_type 指明 " +"cert_bytes 的编码格式。 它可以为 :const:`x509_asn` 以表示 X.509 ASN.1 数据或是 " +":const:`pkcs_7_asn` 以表示 PKCS#7 ASN.1 数据。 trust 以 OIDS " +"集合的形式指明证书的目的，或者如果证书对于所有目的都可以信任则为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:448 ../../library/ssl.rst:1599 +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1898 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:450 +msgid "" +">>> ssl.enum_certificates(\"CA\")\n" +"[(b'data...', 'x509_asn', {'1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1', '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2'}),\n" +" (b'data...', 'x509_asn', True)]" +msgstr "" +">>> ssl.enum_certificates(\"CA\")\n" +"[(b'data...', 'x509_asn', {'1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1', '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2'}),\n" +" (b'data...', 'x509_asn', True)]" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Retrieve CRLs from Windows' system cert store. *store_name* may be one of " +"``CA``, ``ROOT`` or ``MY``. Windows may provide additional cert stores, too." +msgstr "" +"Windows 的系统证书库中检索 CRL。 *store_name* 可以是 ``CA``, ``ROOT`` 或 ``MY`` 中的一个。 " +"Windows 也可能会提供额外的证书库。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:464 +msgid "" +"The function returns a list of (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) tuples. " +"The encoding_type specifies the encoding of cert_bytes. It is either " +":const:`x509_asn` for X.509 ASN.1 data or :const:`pkcs_7_asn` for PKCS#7 " +"ASN.1 data." +msgstr "" +"此函数返回一个包含 (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) 元组的列表。 encoding_type 指明 " +"cert_bytes 的编码格式。 它可以为 :const:`x509_asn` 以表示 X.509 ASN.1 数据或是 " +":const:`pkcs_7_asn` 以表示 PKCS#7 ASN.1 数据。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:475 +msgid "Constants" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:477 +msgid "" +"All constants are now :class:`enum.IntEnum` or :class:`enum.IntFlag` " +"collections." +msgstr "所有常量现在都是 :class:`enum.IntEnum` 或 :class:`enum.IntFlag` 多项集的成员。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:483 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`. Except for " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT`, it is the default mode. With client-side " +"sockets, just about any cert is accepted. Validation errors, such as " +"untrusted or expired cert, are ignored and do not abort the TLS/SSL " +"handshake." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` 可能的取值。 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` " +"除外，这是默认的模式。 对于客户端套接字，几乎任何证书都会被接受。 验证错误，如不受信任或过期的证书等，会被忽略并且不会中止 TLS/SSL 握手。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:489 +msgid "" +"In server mode, no certificate is requested from the client, so the client " +"does not send any for client cert authentication." +msgstr "在服务器模式下，不会从客户端请求任何证书，因此客户端不会发送任何用于客户端证书身份验证的证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:492 ../../library/ssl.rst:2400 +msgid "See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-security` below." +msgstr "参见下文对于 :ref:`ssl-security` 的讨论。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`. In client mode, " +":const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` has the same meaning as :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`. It is" +" recommended to use :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` for client-side sockets instead." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` 可能的取值。 在客户端模式下，:const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` 具有与 " +":const:`CERT_REQUIRED` 相同的含义。 对于客户端套接字推荐改用 :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:501 +msgid "" +"In server mode, a client certificate request is sent to the client. The " +"client may either ignore the request or send a certificate in order perform " +"TLS client cert authentication. If the client chooses to send a " +"certificate, it is verified. Any verification error immediately aborts the " +"TLS handshake." +msgstr "" +"在服务器模式下，客户端证书请求会被发送给客户端。 客户端可以忽略请求也可以发送一个证书以执行 TLS 客户端证书身份验证。 " +"如果客户端选择发送证书，则将对其执行验证。 任何验证错误都将立即中止 TLS 握手。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:507 ../../library/ssl.rst:526 +msgid "" +"Use of this setting requires a valid set of CA certificates to be passed to " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`." +msgstr "使用此设置要求将一组有效的 CA 证书传递给 :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:512 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`. In this mode, " +"certificates are required from the other side of the socket connection; an " +":class:`SSLError` will be raised if no certificate is provided, or if its " +"validation fails. This mode is **not** sufficient to verify a certificate in" +" client mode as it does not match hostnames. " +":attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` must be enabled as well to verify the " +"authenticity of a cert. :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` uses " +":const:`CERT_REQUIRED` and enables :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` by " +"default." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` 可能的取值。 " +"在此模式下，需要从套接字连接的另一端获取证书；如果未提供证书，或验证失败则将引发 :class:`SSLError`。 此模式 **不能** " +"在客户端模式下对证书进行验证因为它不会匹配主机名。 :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` " +"也必须被启用以验证证书的真实性。 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 会使用 :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` " +"并默认启用 :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:522 +msgid "" +"With server socket, this mode provides mandatory TLS client cert " +"authentication. A client certificate request is sent to the client and the " +"client must provide a valid and trusted certificate." +msgstr "对于服务器套接字，此模式会提供强制性的 TLS 客户端证书验证。 客户端证书请求会被发送给客户端并且客户端必须提供有效且受信任的证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:531 +msgid ":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of CERT_* constants." +msgstr "CERT_* 常量的 :class:`enum.IntEnum` 多项集。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:537 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, " +"certificate revocation lists (CRLs) are not checked. By default OpenSSL does" +" neither require nor verify CRLs." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 可能的取值。 在此模式下，证书吊销列表（CRL）并不会被检查。 OpenSSL " +"默认不要求也不验证 CRL。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, only the " +"peer cert is checked but none of the intermediate CA certificates. The mode " +"requires a valid CRL that is signed by the peer cert's issuer (its direct " +"ancestor CA). If no proper CRL has been loaded with " +":attr:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`, validation will fail." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 可能的取值。 在此模式下， 只会检查对等证书而不检查任何中间 CA 证书。 " +"此模式要求提供由对等证书颁发者（其直接上级 CA）签名的有效 CRL。 如果未使用 " +":attr:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations` 加载正确的 CRL，则验证将失败。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:555 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, CRLs of " +"all certificates in the peer cert chain are checked." +msgstr ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 可能的取值。 在此模式下，会检查对等证书链中所有证书的 CRL。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` to disable workarounds " +"for broken X.509 certificates." +msgstr ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 可能的取值，用于禁用已损坏 X.509 证书的绕过操作。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:569 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` to enables proxy " +"certificate verification." +msgstr ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 的可能取值，启用代理证书验证。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:576 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. It instructs OpenSSL to " +"prefer trusted certificates when building the trust chain to validate a " +"certificate. This flag is enabled by default." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 可能的取值。 它指示 OpenSSL 在构建用于验证某个证书的信任链时首选受信任的证书。" +" 此旗标将默认被启用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. It instructs OpenSSL to " +"accept intermediate CAs in the trust store to be treated as trust-anchors, " +"in the same way as the self-signed root CA certificates. This makes it " +"possible to trust certificates issued by an intermediate CA without having " +"to trust its ancestor root CA." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 的可能取值。它指示 OpenSSL 接受信任存储中的中间 CA " +"作为信任锚，与自我签名的根 CA 证书的方式相同。这样就能信任中间 CA 颁发的证书，而不一定非要去信任其祖先的根 CA。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:595 +msgid ":class:`enum.IntFlag` collection of VERIFY_* constants." +msgstr "VERIFY_* 常量的 :class:`enum.IntFlag` 多项集。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:601 +msgid "" +"Selects the highest protocol version that both the client and server " +"support. Despite the name, this option can select both \"SSL\" and \"TLS\" " +"protocols." +msgstr "选择客户端和服务器均支持的最高协议版本。 此选项名称并不准确，实际上 \"SSL\" 和 \"TLS\" 协议均可被选择。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:608 +msgid "" +"TLS clients and servers require different default settings for secure " +"communication. The generic TLS protocol constant is deprecated in favor of " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` and :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`." +msgstr "" +"TLS 客户端和服务器需要不同的默认设置来实现安全通信。通用的 TLS 协议常量已废弃，而采用 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` " +"和 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Auto-negotiate the highest protocol version that both the client and server " +"support, and configure the context client-side connections. The protocol " +"enables :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` and :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` by " +"default." +msgstr "" +"自动协商为客户端和服务器都支持的最高版本协议，并配置当前上下文客户端的连接。该协议默认启用 :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` 和 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:623 +msgid "" +"Auto-negotiate the highest protocol version that both the client and server " +"support, and configure the context server-side connections." +msgstr "自动协商为客户端和服务器都支持的最高版本协议，并配置上下文服务器端的连接。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:630 +msgid "Alias for :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`." +msgstr ":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:634 +msgid "Use :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` instead." +msgstr "请改用 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:638 +msgid "Selects SSL version 3 as the channel encryption protocol." +msgstr "选择 SSL 版本 3 作为通道加密协议。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:640 +msgid "" +"This protocol is not available if OpenSSL is compiled with the ``no-ssl3`` " +"option." +msgstr "如果OpenSSL是用 ``no-ssl3`` 选项编译的，则该协议不可用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:645 +msgid "SSL version 3 is insecure. Its use is highly discouraged." +msgstr "SSL 版本 3 并不安全。 极不建议使用它。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:649 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL has deprecated all version specific protocols. Use the default " +"protocol :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` or :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` with " +":attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version` and :attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 已经废弃了所有特定于版本的协议。请换用带有 :attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version` 和 " +":attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` 的默认协议 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` 或 " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:657 +msgid "Selects TLS version 1.0 as the channel encryption protocol." +msgstr "选择 TLS 版本 1.0 作为通道加密协议。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:661 ../../library/ssl.rst:672 +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:683 +msgid "OpenSSL has deprecated all version specific protocols." +msgstr "OpenSSL 已经废弃了所有特定于版本的协议。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:665 +msgid "" +"Selects TLS version 1.1 as the channel encryption protocol. Available only " +"with openssl version 1.0.1+." +msgstr "选择 TLS 版本 1.1 作为通道加密协议。 仅适用于 openssl 版本 1.0.1+。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:676 +msgid "" +"Selects TLS version 1.2 as the channel encryption protocol. Available only " +"with openssl version 1.0.1+." +msgstr "选用 TLS 1.2 版本作为隧道加密协议。只适用于 openssl 1.0.1 以上版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:687 +msgid "" +"Enables workarounds for various bugs present in other SSL implementations. " +"This option is set by default. It does not necessarily set the same flags " +"as OpenSSL's ``SSL_OP_ALL`` constant." +msgstr "" +"对存在于其他 SSL 实现中的各种缺陷启用绕过操作。 默认会设置此选项。 没有必要设置与 OpenSSL 的 ``SSL_OP_ALL`` " +"常量同名的旗标。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Prevents an SSLv2 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction" +" with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing SSLv2 as " +"the protocol version." +msgstr "" +"阻止 SSLv2 连接。 此选项仅可与 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 结合使用。 它会阻止对等方选择 SSLv2 作为协议版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:703 +msgid "SSLv2 is deprecated" +msgstr "SSLv2 已被弃用" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:707 +msgid "" +"Prevents an SSLv3 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction" +" with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing SSLv3 as " +"the protocol version." +msgstr "" +"阻止 SSLv3 连接。 此选项仅可与 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 结合使用。 它会阻止对等方选择 SSLv3 作为协议版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:715 +msgid "SSLv3 is deprecated" +msgstr "SSLv3 已被弃用" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Prevents a TLSv1 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction " +"with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1 as " +"the protocol version." +msgstr "" +"阻止 TLSv1 连接。 此选项仅可与 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 结合使用。 它会阻止对等方选择 TLSv1 作为协议版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The option is deprecated since OpenSSL 1.1.0, use the new " +":attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version` and :attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"此选项自 OpenSSL 1.1.0 起已被弃用，请改用新的 :attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version` 和 " +":attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:732 +msgid "" +"Prevents a TLSv1.1 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction" +" with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.1 as " +"the protocol version. Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+." +msgstr "" +"阻止 TLSv1.1 连接。 此选项仅可与 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 结合使用。 它会阻止对等方选择 TLSv1.1 作为协议版本。 " +"仅适用于 openssl 版本 1.0.1+。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:738 ../../library/ssl.rst:749 +msgid "The option is deprecated since OpenSSL 1.1.0." +msgstr "此选项自 OpenSSL 1.1.0 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:743 +msgid "" +"Prevents a TLSv1.2 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction" +" with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.2 as " +"the protocol version. Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+." +msgstr "" +"阻止 TLSv1.2 连接。 此选项仅可与 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 结合使用。 它会阻止对等方选择 TLSv1.2 作为协议版本。 " +"仅适用于 openssl 版本 1.0.1+。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:754 +msgid "" +"Prevents a TLSv1.3 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction" +" with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.3 as " +"the protocol version. TLS 1.3 is available with OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later. When" +" Python has been compiled against an older version of OpenSSL, the flag " +"defaults to *0*." +msgstr "" +"阻止 TLSv1.3 连接。 此选项仅可与 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 结合使用。 它会阻止对等方选择 TLSv1.3 作为协议版本。 " +"TLS 1.3 适用于 OpenSSL 1.1.1 或更新的版本。 当 Python 编译是基于较旧版本的 OpenSSL 时，该旗标默认为 *0*。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:762 +msgid "" +"The option is deprecated since OpenSSL 1.1.0. It was added to 2.7.15 and " +"3.6.3 for backwards compatibility with OpenSSL 1.0.2." +msgstr "此选项自 OpenSSL 1.1.0 起已被弃用。 它被添加到 2.7.15 和 3.6.3 是为了向下兼容 OpenSSL 1.0.2。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Disable all renegotiation in TLSv1.2 and earlier. Do not send HelloRequest " +"messages, and ignore renegotiation requests via ClientHello." +msgstr "" +"禁用所有 TLSv1.2 和更早版本的重协商操作。 不发送 HelloRequest 消息，并忽略通过 ClientHello 发起的重协商请求。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:771 +msgid "This option is only available with OpenSSL 1.1.0h and later." +msgstr "此选项仅适用于 OpenSSL 1.1.0h 及更新的版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:777 +msgid "" +"Use the server's cipher ordering preference, rather than the client's. This " +"option has no effect on client sockets and SSLv2 server sockets." +msgstr "使用服务器的密码顺序首选项，而不是客户端的首选项。 此选项在客户端套接字和 SSLv2 服务器套接字上无效。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Prevents reuse of the same DH key for distinct SSL sessions. This improves " +"forward secrecy but requires more computational resources. This option only " +"applies to server sockets." +msgstr "防止对于单独 SSL 会话重用相同的 DH 密钥。 这会提升前向保密性但需要更多的计算资源。 此选项仅适用于服务器套接字。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:792 +msgid "" +"Prevents reuse of the same ECDH key for distinct SSL sessions. This " +"improves forward secrecy but requires more computational resources. This " +"option only applies to server sockets." +msgstr "防止对于单独 SSL 会话重用相同的 ECDH 密钥。 这会提升前向保密性但需要更多的计算资源。 此选项仅适用于服务器套接字。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:800 +msgid "" +"Send dummy Change Cipher Spec (CCS) messages in TLS 1.3 handshake to make a " +"TLS 1.3 connection look more like a TLS 1.2 connection." +msgstr "在 TLS 1.3 握手中发送虚拟更改密码规格（CCS）消息以使得 TLS 1.3 连接看起来更像是 TLS 1.2 连接。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:803 +msgid "This option is only available with OpenSSL 1.1.1 and later." +msgstr "此选项仅适用于 OpenSSL 1.1.1 及更新的版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Disable compression on the SSL channel. This is useful if the application " +"protocol supports its own compression scheme." +msgstr "在 SSL 通道上禁用压缩。 这适用于应用协议支持自己的压缩方案的情况。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:816 +msgid ":class:`enum.IntFlag` collection of OP_* constants." +msgstr "OP_* 常量的 :class:`enum.IntFlag` 多项集。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:820 +msgid "Prevent client side from requesting a session ticket." +msgstr "阻止客户端请求会话凭据。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:826 +msgid "Ignore unexpected shutdown of TLS connections." +msgstr "忽略 TLS 连接的意外关闭。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:828 ../../library/ssl.rst:844 +msgid "This option is only available with OpenSSL 3.0.0 and later." +msgstr "此选项仅适用于 OpenSSL 3.0.0 及更新的版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:834 +msgid "" +"Enable the use of the kernel TLS. To benefit from the feature, OpenSSL must " +"have been compiled with support for it, and the negotiated cipher suites and" +" extensions must be supported by it (a list of supported ones may vary by " +"platform and kernel version)." +msgstr "" +"启用内核 TLS。 为了利用该特征，OpenSSL " +"编译时必须附带对它的支持，并且协商的密码套件和扩展必须被它所支持（受支持项的列表可能因平台和内核版本而有所变化）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:839 +msgid "" +"Note that with enabled kernel TLS some cryptographic operations are " +"performed by the kernel directly and not via any available OpenSSL " +"Providers. This might be undesirable if, for example, the application " +"requires all cryptographic operations to be performed by the FIPS provider." +msgstr "" +"请注意当启用内核 TLS 时某些加解密操作将由内核直接执行而不是通过任何可用的 OpenSSL 提供程序。 " +"这可能并不是你想要的，例如，当应用程序要求所有加解密操作由 FIPS 提供程序执行时。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:850 +msgid "" +"Allow legacy insecure renegotiation between OpenSSL and unpatched servers " +"only." +msgstr "允许只在 OpenSSL 和未打补丁的服务器之间进行旧式的不安全协商。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:857 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the *Application-Layer " +"Protocol Negotiation* TLS extension as described in :rfc:`7301`." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 :rfc:`7301` 中描述的 *应用层协议协商* TLS 扩展的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:864 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support not checking subject common" +" name and :attr:`SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name` is writeable." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 库是否具有对不检测目标通用名称的内置支持且 :attr:`SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name`" +" 为可写状态。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:872 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the Elliptic Curve-" +"based Diffie-Hellman key exchange. This should be true unless the feature " +"was explicitly disabled by the distributor." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 库是否具有对基于椭圆曲线的 Diffie-Hellman 密钥交换的内置支持。 此常量应当为真值，除非发布者明确地禁用了此功能。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:880 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the *Server Name " +"Indication* extension (as defined in :rfc:`6066`)." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 *服务器名称提示* 扩展（在 :rfc:`6066` 中定义）的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:887 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the *Next Protocol " +"Negotiation* as described in the `Application Layer Protocol Negotiation " +"`_. " +"When true, you can use the :meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` method to " +"advertise which protocols you want to support." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 库是否具有对 `应用层协议协商 `_ 中描述的 *下一协议协商* 的内置支持。 当此常量为真值时，你可以使用 " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` 方法来公告你想要支持的协议。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:897 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the SSL 2.0 protocol." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 SSL 2.0 协议的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:903 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the SSL 3.0 protocol." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 SSL 3.0 协议的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:909 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the TLS 1.0 protocol." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 TLS 1.0 协议的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:915 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the TLS 1.1 protocol." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 TLS 1.1 协议的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:921 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the TLS 1.2 protocol." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 TLS 1.2 协议的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:927 +msgid "" +"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the TLS 1.3 protocol." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 TLS 1.3 协议的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:933 +msgid "Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for TLS-PSK." +msgstr "OpenSSL 库是否具有对 TLS-PSK 的内置支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:939 +msgid "" +"List of supported TLS channel binding types. Strings in this list can be " +"used as arguments to :meth:`SSLSocket.get_channel_binding`." +msgstr "" +"受支持的 TLS 通道绑定类型组成的列表。 此列表中的字符串可被用作传给 :meth:`SSLSocket.get_channel_binding` " +"的参数。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:946 +msgid "The version string of the OpenSSL library loaded by the interpreter::" +msgstr "解释器所加载的 OpenSSL 库的版本字符串::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:948 +msgid "" +">>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION\n" +"'OpenSSL 1.0.2k 26 Jan 2017'" +msgstr "" +">>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION\n" +"'OpenSSL 1.0.2k 26 Jan 2017'" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:955 +msgid "" +"A tuple of five integers representing version information about the OpenSSL " +"library::" +msgstr "代表 OpenSSL 库的版本信息的五个整数所组成的元组::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:958 +msgid "" +">>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO\n" +"(1, 0, 2, 11, 15)" +msgstr "" +">>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO\n" +"(1, 0, 2, 11, 15)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:965 +msgid "The raw version number of the OpenSSL library, as a single integer::" +msgstr "OpenSSL 库的原始版本号，以单个整数表示::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:967 +msgid "" +">>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER\n" +"268443839\n" +">>> hex(ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER)\n" +"'0x100020bf'" +msgstr "" +">>> ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER\n" +"268443839\n" +">>> hex(ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER)\n" +"'0x100020bf'" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:978 +msgid "" +"Alert Descriptions from :rfc:`5246` and others. The `IANA TLS Alert Registry" +" `_ contains this list and references to the RFCs where their " +"meaning is defined." +msgstr "" +"来自 :rfc:`5246` 等文档的警报描述。 `IANA TLS Alert Registry " +"`_ 中包含了这个列表及对定义其含义的 RFC 引用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:982 +msgid "" +"Used as the return value of the callback function in " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_servername_callback`." +msgstr "被用作 :meth:`SSLContext.set_servername_callback` 中的回调函数的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:989 +msgid ":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of ALERT_DESCRIPTION_* constants." +msgstr "ALERT_DESCRIPTION_* 常量的 :class:`enum.IntEnum` 多项集。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:995 +msgid "" +"Option for :func:`create_default_context` and " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs`. This value indicates that the " +"context may be used to authenticate web servers (therefore, it will be used " +"to create client-side sockets)." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`create_default_context` 和 :meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` " +"的参数。表示上下文可用于验证网络服务器（因此，它将被用于创建客户端套接字）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"Option for :func:`create_default_context` and " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs`. This value indicates that the " +"context may be used to authenticate web clients (therefore, it will be used " +"to create server-side sockets)." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`create_default_context` 和 :meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` " +"的参数。 表示上下文可用于验证网络客户（因此，它将被用于创建服务器端套接字）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1013 +msgid ":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of SSL_ERROR_* constants." +msgstr "SSL_ERROR_* 常量的 :class:`enum.IntEnum` 多项集。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1019 +msgid "" +":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of SSL and TLS versions for " +":attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` and :attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version`." +msgstr "" +":attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` 和 :attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version` 中的 " +"SSL 和 TLS 版本的 :class:`enum.IntEnum` 多项集。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"The minimum or maximum supported SSL or TLS version. These are magic " +"constants. Their values don't reflect the lowest and highest available " +"TLS/SSL versions." +msgstr "受支持的最低和最高 SSL 或 TLS 版本。 这些常量被称为魔术常量。 它们的值并不反映可用的最低和最高 TLS/SSL 版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1037 +msgid "SSL 3.0 to TLS 1.3." +msgstr "SSL 3.0 至 TLS 1.3。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"All :class:`TLSVersion` members except :attr:`TLSVersion.TLSv1_2` and " +":attr:`TLSVersion.TLSv1_3` are deprecated." +msgstr "" +"所有 :class:`TLSVersion` 成员，除 :attr:`TLSVersion.TLSv1_2` 和 " +":attr:`TLSVersion.TLSv1_3` 之外均已废弃。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1046 +msgid "SSL Sockets" +msgstr "SSL 套接字" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1050 +msgid "SSL sockets provide the following methods of :ref:`socket-objects`:" +msgstr "SSL 套接字提供了 :ref:`socket-objects` 的下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1052 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.accept`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.accept`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1053 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.bind`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.bind`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1054 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.close`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.close`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1055 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.connect`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.connect`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1056 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.detach`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.detach`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1057 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.fileno`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.fileno`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1058 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`, :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`, :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1059 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt`, :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt`, :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1060 +msgid "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.gettimeout`, :meth:`~socket.socket.settimeout`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.setblocking`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.gettimeout`, :meth:`~socket.socket.settimeout`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.setblocking`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1062 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.listen`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.listen`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1063 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.makefile`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.makefile`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1064 +msgid "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.recv`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into` (but passing a" +" non-zero ``flags`` argument is not allowed)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.recv`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into` (但不允许传入非零的 " +"``flags`` 参数)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1066 +msgid "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.send`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendall` (with the same " +"limitation)" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.send`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendall` (具有同样的限制)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1068 +msgid "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.sendfile` (but :mod:`os.sendfile` will be used for " +"plain-text sockets only, else :meth:`~socket.socket.send` will be used)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.sendfile` (但 :mod:`os.sendfile` 将仅用于纯文本套接字，在其他情况下将使用 " +":meth:`~socket.socket.send`)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1070 +msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown`" +msgstr ":meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1072 +msgid "" +"However, since the SSL (and TLS) protocol has its own framing atop of TCP, " +"the SSL sockets abstraction can, in certain respects, diverge from the " +"specification of normal, OS-level sockets. See especially the :ref:`notes " +"on non-blocking sockets `." +msgstr "" +"但是，由于 SSL（和 TLS）协议在 TCP 之上具有自己的框架，因此 SSL 套接字抽象在某些方面可能与常规的 OS 层级套接字存在差异。 " +"特别是要查看 :ref:`非阻塞型套接字说明 `。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`SSLSocket` must be created using the " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method." +msgstr ":class:`SSLSocket` 的实例必须使用 :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` 方法来创建。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1080 +msgid "The :meth:`sendfile` method was added." +msgstr "新增了 :meth:`sendfile` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`shutdown` does not reset the socket timeout each time bytes are " +"received or sent. The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration of " +"the shutdown." +msgstr ":meth:`shutdown` 不会在每次接收或发送字节数据后重置套接字超时。 现在套接字超时为关闭的最大总持续时间。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"It is deprecated to create a :class:`SSLSocket` instance directly, use " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` to wrap a socket." +msgstr "" +"直接创建 :class:`SSLSocket` 实例的做法已被弃用，请使用 :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` 来包装套接字。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1092 +msgid "" +":class:`SSLSocket` instances must to created with " +":meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_socket`. In earlier versions, it was possible to " +"create instances directly. This was never documented or officially " +"supported." +msgstr "" +":class:`SSLSocket` 的实例必须使用 :meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_socket` 来创建。 " +"在较早的版本中，直接创建实例是可能的。 但这从未被记入文档或是被正式支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"Python now uses ``SSL_read_ex`` and ``SSL_write_ex`` internally. The " +"functions support reading and writing of data larger than 2 GB. Writing " +"zero-length data no longer fails with a protocol violation error." +msgstr "" +"Python 内部现在使用 ``SSL_read_ex`` 和 ``SSL_write_ex``。这些函数支持读取和写入大于 2GB " +"的数据。写入零长数据不再出现违反协议的错误。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1103 +msgid "SSL sockets also have the following additional methods and attributes:" +msgstr "SSL 套接字还具有下列方法和属性:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Read up to *len* bytes of data from the SSL socket and return the result as " +"a ``bytes`` instance. If *buffer* is specified, then read into the buffer " +"instead, and return the number of bytes read." +msgstr "" +"从 SSL 套接字读取至多 *len* 个字节的数据并将结果作为 ``bytes`` 实例返回。 如果指定了 " +"*buffer*，则改为读取到缓冲区，并返回所读取的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` if the socket is " +":ref:`non-blocking ` and the read would block." +msgstr "" +"如果套接字为 :ref:`非阻塞型 ` 则会引发 :exc:`SSLWantReadError` 或 " +":exc:`SSLWantWriteError` 且读取将阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1114 +msgid "" +"As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a call to :meth:`read` can also" +" cause write operations." +msgstr "由于在任何时候重新协商都是可能的，因此调用 :meth:`read` 也可能导致写入操作。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"The socket timeout is no longer reset each time bytes are received or sent. " +"The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration to read up to *len* " +"bytes." +msgstr "套接字超时在每次接收或发送字节数据后不会再被重置。 现在套接字超时为读取至多 *len* 个字节数据的最大总持续时间。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1122 +msgid "Use :meth:`~SSLSocket.recv` instead of :meth:`~SSLSocket.read`." +msgstr "请使用 :meth:`~SSLSocket.recv` 来代替 :meth:`~SSLSocket.read`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"Write *buf* to the SSL socket and return the number of bytes written. The " +"*buf* argument must be an object supporting the buffer interface." +msgstr "将 *buf* 写入到 SSL 套接字并返回所写入的字节数。 *buf* 参数必须为支持缓冲区接口的对象。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` if the socket is " +":ref:`non-blocking ` and the write would block." +msgstr "" +"如果套接字为 :ref:`非阻塞型 ` 则会引发 :exc:`SSLWantReadError` 或 " +":exc:`SSLWantWriteError` 且读取将阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a call to :meth:`write` can " +"also cause read operations." +msgstr "由于在任何时候重新协商都是可能的，因此调用 :meth:`write` 也可能导致读取操作。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"The socket timeout is no longer reset each time bytes are received or sent. " +"The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration to write *buf*." +msgstr "套接字超时在每次接收或发送字节数据后不会再被重置。 现在套接字超时为写入 *buf* 的最大总持续时间。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1140 +msgid "Use :meth:`~SSLSocket.send` instead of :meth:`~SSLSocket.write`." +msgstr "请使用 :meth:`~SSLSocket.send` 来代替 :meth:`~SSLSocket.write`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~SSLSocket.read` and :meth:`~SSLSocket.write` methods are the " +"low-level methods that read and write unencrypted, application-level data " +"and decrypt/encrypt it to encrypted, wire-level data. These methods require " +"an active SSL connection, i.e. the handshake was completed and " +":meth:`SSLSocket.unwrap` was not called." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~SSLSocket.read` 和 :meth:`~SSLSocket.write` " +"方法是读写未加密的应用级数据，并将其解密/加密为带加密的线路级数据的低层级方法。 这些方法需要有激活的 SSL 连接，即握手已完成而 " +":meth:`SSLSocket.unwrap` 尚未被调用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"Normally you should use the socket API methods like " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recv` and :meth:`~socket.socket.send` instead of these" +" methods." +msgstr "" +"通常你应当使用套接字 API 方法例如 :meth:`~socket.socket.recv` 和 " +":meth:`~socket.socket.send` 来代替这些方法。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1157 +msgid "Perform the SSL setup handshake." +msgstr "执行 SSL 设置握手。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1159 +msgid "" +"The handshake method also performs :func:`match_hostname` when the " +":attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` attribute of the socket's " +":attr:`~SSLSocket.context` is true." +msgstr "" +"当套接字的 :attr:`~SSLSocket.context` 的 :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` " +"属性为真值时此握手方法还会执行 :func:`match_hostname`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1164 +msgid "" +"The socket timeout is no longer reset each time bytes are received or sent. " +"The socket timeout is now the maximum total duration of the handshake." +msgstr "套接字超时在每次接收或发送字节数据时不会再被重置。 现在套接字超时为握手的最大总持续时间。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"Hostname or IP address is matched by OpenSSL during handshake. The function " +":func:`match_hostname` is no longer used. In case OpenSSL refuses a hostname" +" or IP address, the handshake is aborted early and a TLS alert message is " +"sent to the peer." +msgstr "" +"主机名或 IP 地址会在握手期间由 OpenSSL 进行匹配。 函数 :func:`match_hostname` 不再被使用。 在 OpenSSL " +"拒绝主机名或 IP 地址的情况下，握手将提前被中止并向对等方发送 TLS 警告消息。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"If there is no certificate for the peer on the other end of the connection, " +"return ``None``. If the SSL handshake hasn't been done yet, raise " +":exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "如果连接另一端的对等方没有证书，则返回 ``None``。 如果 SSL 握手还未完成，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"If the ``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`False`, and a certificate was " +"received from the peer, this method returns a :class:`dict` instance. If " +"the certificate was not validated, the dict is empty. If the certificate " +"was validated, it returns a dict with several keys, amongst them ``subject``" +" (the principal for which the certificate was issued) and ``issuer`` (the " +"principal issuing the certificate). If a certificate contains an instance " +"of the *Subject Alternative Name* extension (see :rfc:`3280`), there will " +"also be a ``subjectAltName`` key in the dictionary." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``binary_form`` 形参为 :const:`False`，并且从对等方接收到了证书，此方法将返回一个 :class:`dict` " +"实例。 如果证书未通过验证，则字典将为空。 如果证书通过验证，它将返回由多个密钥组成的字典，其中包括 ``subject`` (证书颁发给的主体) 和 " +"``issuer`` (颁发证书的主体)。 如果证书包含一个 *Subject Alternative Name* 扩展的实例 (see " +":rfc:`3280`)，则字典中还将有一个 ``subjectAltName`` 键。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"The ``subject`` and ``issuer`` fields are tuples containing the sequence of " +"relative distinguished names (RDNs) given in the certificate's data " +"structure for the respective fields, and each RDN is a sequence of name-" +"value pairs. Here is a real-world example::" +msgstr "" +"``subject`` 和 ``issuer`` 字段都是包含在证书中相应字段的数据结构中给出的相对专有名称（RDN）序列的元组，每个 RDN 均为 " +"name-value 对的序列。 这里是一个实际的示例::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1194 +msgid "" +"{'issuer': ((('countryName', 'IL'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'StartCom Ltd.'),),\n" +" (('organizationalUnitName',\n" +" 'Secure Digital Certificate Signing'),),\n" +" (('commonName',\n" +" 'StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA'),)),\n" +" 'notAfter': 'Nov 22 08:15:19 2013 GMT',\n" +" 'notBefore': 'Nov 21 03:09:52 2011 GMT',\n" +" 'serialNumber': '95F0',\n" +" 'subject': ((('description', '571208-SLe257oHY9fVQ07Z'),),\n" +" (('countryName', 'US'),),\n" +" (('stateOrProvinceName', 'California'),),\n" +" (('localityName', 'San Francisco'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'Electronic Frontier Foundation, Inc.'),),\n" +" (('commonName', '*.eff.org'),),\n" +" (('emailAddress', 'hostmaster@eff.org'),)),\n" +" 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', '*.eff.org'), ('DNS', 'eff.org')),\n" +" 'version': 3}" +msgstr "" +"{'issuer': ((('countryName', 'IL'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'StartCom Ltd.'),),\n" +" (('organizationalUnitName',\n" +" 'Secure Digital Certificate Signing'),),\n" +" (('commonName',\n" +" 'StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA'),)),\n" +" 'notAfter': 'Nov 22 08:15:19 2013 GMT',\n" +" 'notBefore': 'Nov 21 03:09:52 2011 GMT',\n" +" 'serialNumber': '95F0',\n" +" 'subject': ((('description', '571208-SLe257oHY9fVQ07Z'),),\n" +" (('countryName', 'US'),),\n" +" (('stateOrProvinceName', 'California'),),\n" +" (('localityName', 'San Francisco'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'Electronic Frontier Foundation, Inc.'),),\n" +" (('commonName', '*.eff.org'),),\n" +" (('emailAddress', 'hostmaster@eff.org'),)),\n" +" 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', '*.eff.org'), ('DNS', 'eff.org')),\n" +" 'version': 3}" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"If the ``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`True`, and a certificate was " +"provided, this method returns the DER-encoded form of the entire certificate" +" as a sequence of bytes, or :const:`None` if the peer did not provide a " +"certificate. Whether the peer provides a certificate depends on the SSL " +"socket's role:" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``binary_form`` 形参为 :const:`True`，并且提供了证书，此方法会将整个证书的 DER " +"编码形式作为字节序列返回，或者如果对等方未提供证书则返回 :const:`None`。 对等方是否提供证书取决于 SSL 套接字的角色:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"for a client SSL socket, the server will always provide a certificate, " +"regardless of whether validation was required;" +msgstr "对于客户端 SSL 套接字，服务器将总是提供证书，无论是否需要进行验证;" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1222 +msgid "" +"for a server SSL socket, the client will only provide a certificate when " +"requested by the server; therefore :meth:`getpeercert` will return " +":const:`None` if you used :const:`CERT_NONE` (rather than " +":const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`)." +msgstr "" +"对于服务器 SSL 套接字，客户端将仅在服务器要求时才提供证书；因此如果你使用了 :const:`CERT_NONE` (而不是 " +":const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` 或 :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`) 则 :meth:`getpeercert` 将返回 " +":const:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1227 +msgid "See also :attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"The returned dictionary includes additional items such as ``issuer`` and " +"``notBefore``." +msgstr "返回的字典包括额外的条目例如 ``issuer`` 和 ``notBefore``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1233 +msgid "" +":exc:`ValueError` is raised when the handshake isn't done. The returned " +"dictionary includes additional X509v3 extension items such as " +"``crlDistributionPoints``, ``caIssuers`` and ``OCSP`` URIs." +msgstr "" +"如果握手未完成则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 返回的字典包括额外的 X509v3 扩展条目例如 " +"``crlDistributionPoints``, ``caIssuers`` 和 ``OCSP`` URI。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1238 +msgid "IPv6 address strings no longer have a trailing new line." +msgstr "IPv6 地址字符串不再附带末尾换行符。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1243 +msgid "" +"Returns verified certificate chain provided by the other end of the SSL " +"channel as a list of DER-encoded bytes. If certificate verification was " +"disabled method acts the same as :meth:`~SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain`." +msgstr "" +"返回由 SSL 通道另一端以 DER 编码字节列表形式提供的经过验证的证书链。 如果证书验证被禁用则此方法的行为与 " +":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1252 +msgid "" +"Returns raw certificate chain provided by the other end of the SSL channel " +"as a list of DER-encoded bytes." +msgstr "返回由 SSL 通道另一端以 DER 编码字节列表形式提供的原始证书链。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1259 +msgid "" +"Returns a three-value tuple containing the name of the cipher being used, " +"the version of the SSL protocol that defines its use, and the number of " +"secret bits being used. If no connection has been established, returns " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"返回由三个值组成的元组，其中包含所使用的密码名称，定义其使用方式的 SSL 协议版本，以及所使用的加密比特位数。 如果尚未建立连接，则返回 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"Return the list of ciphers available in both the client and server. Each " +"entry of the returned list is a three-value tuple containing the name of the" +" cipher, the version of the SSL protocol that defines its use, and the " +"number of secret bits the cipher uses. :meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers` " +"returns ``None`` if no connection has been established or the socket is a " +"client socket." +msgstr "" +"返回在客户端和服务器均可用的密码列表。 所返回列表的每个条目都是由三个值组成的元组其中包含密码名称、定义其使用方式的 SSL " +"协议版本，以及密码所使用的加密比特位数量。 如果连接尚未建立或套接字为客户端套接字则 :meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers`" +" 将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1276 +msgid "" +"Return the compression algorithm being used as a string, or ``None`` if the " +"connection isn't compressed." +msgstr "以字符串形式返回所使用的压缩算法，或者如果连接没有使用压缩则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1279 +msgid "" +"If the higher-level protocol supports its own compression mechanism, you can" +" use :data:`OP_NO_COMPRESSION` to disable SSL-level compression." +msgstr "如果高层级的协议支持自己的压缩机制，你可以使用 :data:`OP_NO_COMPRESSION` 来禁用 SSL 层级的压缩。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"Get channel binding data for current connection, as a bytes object. Returns" +" ``None`` if not connected or the handshake has not been completed." +msgstr "为当前连接获取字节串形式的通道绑定数据。 如果尚未连接或握手尚未完成则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1289 +msgid "" +"The *cb_type* parameter allow selection of the desired channel binding type." +" Valid channel binding types are listed in the :data:`CHANNEL_BINDING_TYPES`" +" list. Currently only the 'tls-unique' channel binding, defined by " +":rfc:`5929`, is supported. :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if an " +"unsupported channel binding type is requested." +msgstr "" +"*cb_type* 形参允许选择需要的通道绑定类型。 有效的通道绑定类型在 :data:`CHANNEL_BINDING_TYPES` 列表中列出。 " +"目前只支持由 :rfc:`5929` 所定义的 'tls-unique' 通道绑定。 如果请求了一个不受支持的通道绑定类型则将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1299 +msgid "" +"Return the protocol that was selected during the TLS handshake. If " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols` was not called, if the other party " +"does not support ALPN, if this socket does not support any of the client's " +"proposed protocols, or if the handshake has not happened yet, ``None`` is " +"returned." +msgstr "" +"返回在 TLS 握手期间所选择的协议。 如果 :meth:`SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols` 未被调用，如果另一方不支持 " +"ALPN，如果此套接字不支持任何客户端所用的协议，或者如果握手尚未发生，则将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1309 +msgid "" +"Return the higher-level protocol that was selected during the TLS/SSL " +"handshake. If :meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` was not called, or if the" +" other party does not support NPN, or if the handshake has not yet happened," +" this will return ``None``." +msgstr "" +"返回在Return the higher-level protocol that was selected during the TLS/SSL " +"握手期间所选择的高层级协议。 如果 :meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` 未被调用，或者如果另一方不支持 " +"NPN，或者如果握手尚未发生，则将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1318 ../../library/ssl.rst:1687 +msgid "NPN has been superseded by ALPN" +msgstr "NPN 已被 ALPN 取代。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1322 +msgid "" +"Performs the SSL shutdown handshake, which removes the TLS layer from the " +"underlying socket, and returns the underlying socket object. This can be " +"used to go from encrypted operation over a connection to unencrypted. The " +"returned socket should always be used for further communication with the " +"other side of the connection, rather than the original socket." +msgstr "" +"执行 SSL 关闭握手，这会从下层的套接字中移除 TLS 层，并返回下层的套接字对象。 这可被用来通过一个连接将加密操作转为非加密。 " +"返回的套接字应当总是被用于同连接另一方的进一步通信，而不是原始的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"Requests post-handshake authentication (PHA) from a TLS 1.3 client. PHA can " +"only be initiated for a TLS 1.3 connection from a server-side socket, after " +"the initial TLS handshake and with PHA enabled on both sides, see " +":attr:`SSLContext.post_handshake_auth`." +msgstr "" +"向一个 TLS 1.3 客户端请求握手后身份验证（PHA）。 只有在初始 TLS 握手之后且双方都启用了 PHA 的情况下才能为服务器端套接字的 TLS" +" 1.3 连接启用 PHA，参见 :attr:`SSLContext.post_handshake_auth`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1335 +msgid "" +"The method does not perform a cert exchange immediately. The server-side " +"sends a CertificateRequest during the next write event and expects the " +"client to respond with a certificate on the next read event." +msgstr "" +"此方法不会立即执行证书交换。 服务器端会在下一次写入事件期间发送 CertificateRequest " +"并期待客户端在下一次读取事件期间附带证书进行响应。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"If any precondition isn't met (e.g. not TLS 1.3, PHA not enabled), an " +":exc:`SSLError` is raised." +msgstr "如果有任何前置条件未被满足（例如非 TLS 1.3，PHA 未启用），则会引发 :exc:`SSLError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"Only available with OpenSSL 1.1.1 and TLS 1.3 enabled. Without TLS 1.3 " +"support, the method raises :exc:`NotImplementedError`." +msgstr "" +"仅在 OpenSSL 1.1.1 且 TLS 1.3 被启用时可用。 没有 TLS 1.3 支持，此方法将引发 " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"Return the actual SSL protocol version negotiated by the connection as a " +"string, or ``None`` if no secure connection is established. As of this " +"writing, possible return values include ``\"SSLv2\"``, ``\"SSLv3\"``, " +"``\"TLSv1\"``, ``\"TLSv1.1\"`` and ``\"TLSv1.2\"``. Recent OpenSSL versions " +"may define more return values." +msgstr "" +"以字符串形式返回由连接协商确定的实际 SSL 协议版本，或者如果未建立安全连接则返回 ``None``。 在撰写本文档时，可能的返回值包括 " +"``\"SSLv2\"``, ``\"SSLv3\"``, ``\"TLSv1\"``, ``\"TLSv1.1\"`` 和 " +"``\"TLSv1.2\"``。 最新的 OpenSSL 版本可能会定义更多的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1360 +msgid "" +"Returns the number of already decrypted bytes available for read, pending on" +" the connection." +msgstr "返回在连接上等待被读取的已解密字节数。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1365 +msgid "The :class:`SSLContext` object this SSL socket is tied to." +msgstr "该 SSL 套接字所关联的 :class:`SSLContext` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"A boolean which is ``True`` for server-side sockets and ``False`` for " +"client-side sockets." +msgstr "一个布尔值，对于服务器端套接字为 ``True`` 而对于客户端套接字则为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1378 +msgid "" +"Hostname of the server: :class:`str` type, or ``None`` for server-side " +"socket or if the hostname was not specified in the constructor." +msgstr "服务器的主机名: :class:`str` 类型，对于服务器端套接字或者如果构造器中未指定主机名则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1383 +msgid "" +"The attribute is now always ASCII text. When ``server_hostname`` is an " +"internationalized domain name (IDN), this attribute now stores the A-label " +"form (``\"xn--pythn-mua.org\"``), rather than the U-label form " +"(``\"pythön.org\"``)." +msgstr "" +"现在该属性将始终为 ASCII 文本。 当 ``server_hostname`` 为一个国际化域名（IDN）时，该属性现在会保存为 A 标签形式 " +"(``\"xn--pythn-mua.org\"``) 而非 U 标签形式 (``\"pythön.org\"``)。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"The :class:`SSLSession` for this SSL connection. The session is available " +"for client and server side sockets after the TLS handshake has been " +"performed. For client sockets the session can be set before " +":meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake` has been called to reuse a session." +msgstr "" +"用于 SSL 连接的 :class:`SSLSession`。 该会话将在执行 TLS 握手后对客户端和服务器端套接字可用。 " +"对于客户端套接字该会话可以在调用 :meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake` 之前被设置以重用一个会话。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1404 +msgid "SSL Contexts" +msgstr "SSL 上下文" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1408 +msgid "" +"An SSL context holds various data longer-lived than single SSL connections, " +"such as SSL configuration options, certificate(s) and private key(s). It " +"also manages a cache of SSL sessions for server-side sockets, in order to " +"speed up repeated connections from the same clients." +msgstr "" +"SSL 上下文可保存各种比单独 SSL 连接寿命更长的数据，例如 SSL 配置选项，证书和私钥等。 " +"它还可为服务器端套接字管理缓存，以加快来自相同客户端的重复连接。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1415 +msgid "" +"Create a new SSL context. You may pass *protocol* which must be one of the " +"``PROTOCOL_*`` constants defined in this module. The parameter specifies " +"which version of the SSL protocol to use. Typically, the server chooses a " +"particular protocol version, and the client must adapt to the server's " +"choice. Most of the versions are not interoperable with the other versions." +" If not specified, the default is :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`; it provides the " +"most compatibility with other versions." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的 SSL 上下文。 你可以传入 *protocol*，它必须为此模块中定义的 ``PROTOCOL_*`` 常量之一。 该形参指定要使用哪个" +" SSL 协议版本。 通常，服务器会选择一个特定的协议版本，而客户端必须适应服务器的选择。 大多数版本都不能与其他版本互操作。 如果未指定，则默认值为 " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`；它提供了与其他版本的最大兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1424 +msgid "" +"Here's a table showing which versions in a client (down the side) can " +"connect to which versions in a server (along the top):" +msgstr "这个表显示了客户端（横向）的哪个版本能够连接服务器（纵向）的哪个版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1430 +msgid "*client* / **server**" +msgstr "*客户端* / **服务器**" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1430 +msgid "**SSLv2**" +msgstr "**SSLv2**" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1430 +msgid "**SSLv3**" +msgstr "**SSLv3**" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1430 +msgid "**TLS** [3]_" +msgstr "**TLS** [3]_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1430 +msgid "**TLSv1**" +msgstr "**TLSv1**" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1430 +msgid "**TLSv1.1**" +msgstr "**TLSv1.1**" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1430 +msgid "**TLSv1.2**" +msgstr "**TLSv1.2**" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1432 +msgid "*SSLv2*" +msgstr "*SSLv2*" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1432 ../../library/ssl.rst:1433 +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1434 ../../library/ssl.rst:1435 +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1436 ../../library/ssl.rst:1437 +msgid "yes" +msgstr "是" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1432 ../../library/ssl.rst:1433 +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1435 ../../library/ssl.rst:1436 +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1437 +msgid "no" +msgstr "否" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1432 ../../library/ssl.rst:1434 +msgid "no [1]_" +msgstr "否 [1]_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1433 +msgid "*SSLv3*" +msgstr "*SSLv3*" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1433 ../../library/ssl.rst:1434 +msgid "no [2]_" +msgstr "否 [2]_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1434 +msgid "*TLS* (*SSLv23*) [3]_" +msgstr "*TLS* (*SSLv23*) [3]_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1435 +msgid "*TLSv1*" +msgstr "*TLSv1*" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1436 +msgid "*TLSv1.1*" +msgstr "*TLSv1.1*" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1437 +msgid "*TLSv1.2*" +msgstr "*TLSv1.2*" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1440 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1441 +msgid "" +":class:`SSLContext` disables SSLv2 with :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` by default." +msgstr ":class:`SSLContext` 默认设置 :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` 以禁用 SSLv2。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1442 +msgid "" +":class:`SSLContext` disables SSLv3 with :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` by default." +msgstr ":class:`SSLContext` 默认设置 :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` 以禁用 SSLv3。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"TLS 1.3 protocol will be available with :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` in OpenSSL >= " +"1.1.1. There is no dedicated PROTOCOL constant for just TLS 1.3." +msgstr "" +"TLS 1.3 协议在 OpenSSL >= 1.1.1 中设置 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 时可用。 没有专门针对 TLS 1.3 的 " +"PROTOCOL 常量。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1448 +msgid "" +":func:`create_default_context` lets the :mod:`ssl` module choose security " +"settings for a given purpose." +msgstr ":func:`create_default_context` 让 :mod:`ssl` 为特定目标选择安全设置。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1453 +msgid "" +"The context is created with secure default values. The options " +":data:`OP_NO_COMPRESSION`, :data:`OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE`, " +":data:`OP_SINGLE_DH_USE`, :data:`OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2`, " +"and :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` (except for :data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv3`) are set by " +"default. The initial cipher suite list contains only ``HIGH`` ciphers, no " +"``NULL`` ciphers and no ``MD5`` ciphers." +msgstr "" +"上下文会使用安全的默认值来创建。 默认设置的选项有 :data:`OP_NO_COMPRESSION`, " +":data:`OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE`, :data:`OP_SINGLE_DH_USE`, " +":data:`OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` 和 :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` " +"(:data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv3` 除外)。 初始密码套件列表只包含 ``HIGH`` 密码，而不包含 ``NULL`` 密码和 " +"``MD5`` 密码。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1463 +msgid "" +":class:`SSLContext` without protocol argument is deprecated. The context " +"class will either require :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` or " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` protocol in the future." +msgstr "" +"不带协议参数的 :class:`SSLContext` 已废弃。将来，上下文类会要求使用 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 或 " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` 协议。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"The default cipher suites now include only secure AES and ChaCha20 ciphers " +"with forward secrecy and security level 2. RSA and DH keys with less than " +"2048 bits and ECC keys with less than 224 bits are prohibited. " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT`, and " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` use TLS 1.2 as minimum TLS version." +msgstr "" +"现在默认的密码套件只包含安全的 AES 和 ChaCha20 密码，具有前向保密性和安全级别2。禁止使用少于 2048 位的 RSA 和 DH " +"密钥以及少于 224 位的ECC密钥。 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` 、 :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 和 " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` 至少使用 TLS 1.2 版本。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1477 +msgid "" +":class:`SSLContext` only supports limited mutation once it has been used by " +"a connection. Adding new certificates to the internal trust store is " +"allowed, but changing ciphers, verification settings, or mTLS certificates " +"may result in surprising behavior." +msgstr "" +":class:`SSLContext` 一旦被某个连接使用它将只支持有限的变异。 在内部信任存储中添加新证书是允许的，但是更改密码、验证设置或 mTLS" +" 证书则可能导致令人吃惊的行为。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1484 +msgid "" +":class:`SSLContext` is designed to be shared and used by multiple " +"connections. Thus, it is thread-safe as long as it is not reconfigured after" +" being used by a connection." +msgstr ":class:`SSLContext` 被设计为可由多个连接共享和使用。 因此，只要在被某个连接使用后不重新配置那么它就是线程安全的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1489 +msgid ":class:`SSLContext` objects have the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`SSLContext` 对象具有以下方法和属性:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1493 +msgid "" +"Get statistics about quantities of loaded X.509 certificates, count of X.509" +" certificates flagged as CA certificates and certificate revocation lists as" +" dictionary." +msgstr "获取以字典表示的有关已加载的 X.509 证书数量，被标记为 CA 证书的 X.509 证书数量以及证书吊销列表的统计信息。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1497 +msgid "Example for a context with one CA cert and one other cert::" +msgstr "具有一个 CA 证书和一个其他证书的上下文示例::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1499 +msgid "" +">>> context.cert_store_stats()\n" +"{'crl': 0, 'x509_ca': 1, 'x509': 2}" +msgstr "" +">>> context.cert_store_stats()\n" +"{'crl': 0, 'x509_ca': 1, 'x509': 2}" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1507 +msgid "" +"Load a private key and the corresponding certificate. The *certfile* string" +" must be the path to a single file in PEM format containing the certificate " +"as well as any number of CA certificates needed to establish the " +"certificate's authenticity. The *keyfile* string, if present, must point to" +" a file containing the private key. Otherwise the private key will be taken" +" from *certfile* as well. See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-certificates` for" +" more information on how the certificate is stored in the *certfile*." +msgstr "" +"加载一个私钥及对应的证书。 *certfile* 字符串必须为以 PEM 格式表示的单个文件路径，该文件中包含证书以及确立证书真实性所需的任意数量的 " +"CA 证书。 如果存在 *keyfile* 字符串，它必须指向一个包含私钥的文件。 否则私钥也将从 *certfile* 中提取。 请参阅 " +":ref:`ssl-certificates` 中的讨论来了解有关如何将证书存储至 *certfile* 的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"The *password* argument may be a function to call to get the password for " +"decrypting the private key. It will only be called if the private key is " +"encrypted and a password is necessary. It will be called with no arguments," +" and it should return a string, bytes, or bytearray. If the return value is" +" a string it will be encoded as UTF-8 before using it to decrypt the key. " +"Alternatively a string, bytes, or bytearray value may be supplied directly " +"as the *password* argument. It will be ignored if the private key is not " +"encrypted and no password is needed." +msgstr "" +"*password* 参数可以是一个函数，调用时将得到用于解密私钥的密码。 它在私钥被加密且需要密码时才会被调用。 " +"它调用时将不带任何参数，并且应当返回一个字符串、字节串或字节数组。 如果返回值是一个字符串，在用它解密私钥之前它将以 UTF-8 进行编码。 " +"或者也可以直接将字符串、字节串或字节数组值作为 *password* 参数提供。 如果私钥未被加密且不需要密码则它将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1525 +msgid "" +"If the *password* argument is not specified and a password is required, " +"OpenSSL's built-in password prompting mechanism will be used to " +"interactively prompt the user for a password." +msgstr "如果未指定 *password* 参数且需要一个密码，将会使用 OpenSSL 内置的密码提示机制来交互式地提示用户输入密码。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1529 +msgid "" +"An :class:`SSLError` is raised if the private key doesn't match with the " +"certificate." +msgstr "如果私钥不能匹配证书则会引发 :class:`SSLError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1532 +msgid "New optional argument *password*." +msgstr "新增可选参数 *password*。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1537 +msgid "" +"Load a set of default \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates from " +"default locations. On Windows it loads CA certs from the ``CA`` and ``ROOT``" +" system stores. On all systems it calls " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths`. In the future the method may " +"load CA certificates from other locations, too." +msgstr "" +"从默认位置加载一组默认的 \"证书颁发机构\" (CA) 证书。 在 Windows 上它将从 ``CA`` 和 ``ROOT`` 系统存储中加载 CA" +" 证书。 在所有系统上它会调用 :meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths` 。 " +"将来该方法也可能会从其他位置加载 CA 证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1543 +msgid "" +"The *purpose* flag specifies what kind of CA certificates are loaded. The " +"default settings :const:`Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` loads certificates, that are " +"flagged and trusted for TLS web server authentication (client side sockets)." +" :const:`Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH` loads CA certificates for client certificate " +"verification on the server side." +msgstr "" +"*purpose* 旗标指明要加载哪种 CA 证书。 默认设置 :const:`Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` 将加载被标记且被信任用于 " +"TLS Web 服务器验证（客户端套接字）的证书。 :const:`Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH` 则会加载用于在服务器端进行客户端证书验证的" +" CA 证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"Load a set of \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates used to validate" +" other peers' certificates when :data:`verify_mode` is other than " +":data:`CERT_NONE`. At least one of *cafile* or *capath* must be specified." +msgstr "" +"当 :data:`verify_mode` 不为 :data:`CERT_NONE` 时加载一组用于验证其他对等方证书的 \"证书颁发机构\" (CA)" +" 证书。 必须至少指定 *cafile* 或 *capath* 中的一个。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1557 +msgid "" +"This method can also load certification revocation lists (CRLs) in PEM or " +"DER format. In order to make use of CRLs, :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` " +"must be configured properly." +msgstr "" +"此方法还可加载 PEM 或 DER 格式的证书吊销列表 (CRL)，为此必须正确配置 :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1561 +msgid "" +"The *cafile* string, if present, is the path to a file of concatenated CA " +"certificates in PEM format. See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-certificates` " +"for more information about how to arrange the certificates in this file." +msgstr "" +"如果存在 *cafile* 字符串，它应为 PEM 格式的级联 CA 证书文件的路径。 请参阅 :ref:`ssl-certificates` " +"中的讨论来了解有关如何处理此文件中的证书的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1566 +msgid "" +"The *capath* string, if present, is the path to a directory containing " +"several CA certificates in PEM format, following an `OpenSSL specific layout" +" `_." +msgstr "" +"如果存在 *capath* 字符串，它将为包含多个 PEM 格式的 CA 证书的目录的路径，并遵循 `OpenSSL 专属布局 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1571 +msgid "" +"The *cadata* object, if present, is either an ASCII string of one or more " +"PEM-encoded certificates or a :term:`bytes-like object` of DER-encoded " +"certificates. Like with *capath* extra lines around PEM-encoded certificates" +" are ignored but at least one certificate must be present." +msgstr "" +"如果存在 *cadata* 对象，它应为一个或多个 PEM 编码的证书的 ASCII 字符串或者 DER 编码的证书的 :term:`bytes-" +"like object`。 与 *capath* 一样 PEM 编码的证书之外的多余行会被忽略，但至少要有一个证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1576 +msgid "New optional argument *cadata*" +msgstr "新增可选参数 *cadata*" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1581 +msgid "" +"Get a list of loaded \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates. If the " +"``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`False` each list entry is a dict like " +"the output of :meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`. Otherwise the method returns a " +"list of DER-encoded certificates. The returned list does not contain " +"certificates from *capath* unless a certificate was requested and loaded by " +"a SSL connection." +msgstr "" +"获取已离开法人 \"证书颁发机构\" (CA) 证书列表。 如果 ``binary_form`` 形参为 :const:`False` " +"则每个列表条目都是一个类似于 :meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert` 输出的字典。 在其他情况下此方法将返回一个 DER " +"编码的证书的列表。 返回的列表不包含来自 *capath* 的证书，除非 SSL 连接请求并加载了一个证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1589 +msgid "" +"Certificates in a capath directory aren't loaded unless they have been used " +"at least once." +msgstr "capath 目录中的证书不会被加载，除非它们已至少被使用过一次。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"Get a list of enabled ciphers. The list is in order of cipher priority. See " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers`." +msgstr "获取已启用密码的列表。 该列表将按密码的优先级排序。 参见 :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1601 +msgid "" +">>> ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)\n" +">>> ctx.set_ciphers('ECDHE+AESGCM:!ECDSA')\n" +">>> ctx.get_ciphers()\n" +"[{'aead': True,\n" +" 'alg_bits': 256,\n" +" 'auth': 'auth-rsa',\n" +" 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA '\n" +" 'Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD',\n" +" 'digest': None,\n" +" 'id': 50380848,\n" +" 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe',\n" +" 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384',\n" +" 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2',\n" +" 'strength_bits': 256,\n" +" 'symmetric': 'aes-256-gcm'},\n" +" {'aead': True,\n" +" 'alg_bits': 128,\n" +" 'auth': 'auth-rsa',\n" +" 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA '\n" +" 'Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD',\n" +" 'digest': None,\n" +" 'id': 50380847,\n" +" 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe',\n" +" 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256',\n" +" 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2',\n" +" 'strength_bits': 128,\n" +" 'symmetric': 'aes-128-gcm'}]" +msgstr "" +">>> ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)\n" +">>> ctx.set_ciphers('ECDHE+AESGCM:!ECDSA')\n" +">>> ctx.get_ciphers()\n" +"[{'aead': True,\n" +" 'alg_bits': 256,\n" +" 'auth': 'auth-rsa',\n" +" 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA '\n" +" 'Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD',\n" +" 'digest': None,\n" +" 'id': 50380848,\n" +" 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe',\n" +" 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384',\n" +" 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2',\n" +" 'strength_bits': 256,\n" +" 'symmetric': 'aes-256-gcm'},\n" +" {'aead': True,\n" +" 'alg_bits': 128,\n" +" 'auth': 'auth-rsa',\n" +" 'description': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA '\n" +" 'Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD',\n" +" 'digest': None,\n" +" 'id': 50380847,\n" +" 'kea': 'kx-ecdhe',\n" +" 'name': 'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256',\n" +" 'protocol': 'TLSv1.2',\n" +" 'strength_bits': 128,\n" +" 'symmetric': 'aes-128-gcm'}]" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1633 +msgid "" +"Load a set of default \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates from a " +"filesystem path defined when building the OpenSSL library. Unfortunately, " +"there's no easy way to know whether this method succeeds: no error is " +"returned if no certificates are to be found. When the OpenSSL library is " +"provided as part of the operating system, though, it is likely to be " +"configured properly." +msgstr "" +"从构建 OpenSSL 库时定义的文件系统路径中加载一组默认的 \"证书颁发机构\" (CA) 证书。 " +"不幸的是，没有一种简单的方式能知道此方法是否执行成功：如果未找到任何证书也不会返回错误。 不过，当 OpenSSL " +"库是作为操作系统的一部分被提供时，它的配置应当是正确的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1642 +msgid "" +"Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context. It should " +"be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format " +"`_. If no cipher can be " +"selected (because compile-time options or other configuration forbids use of" +" all the specified ciphers), an :class:`SSLError` will be raised." +msgstr "" +"为使用此上下文创建的套接字设置可用密码。 它应当为 `OpenSSL 密码列表格式 " +"`_ 的字符串。 " +"如果没有可被选择的密码（由于编译时选项或其他配置禁止使用已指定的所有密码），则将引发 :class:`SSLError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"when connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will give" +" the currently selected cipher." +msgstr "在连接后，SSL 套接字的 :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` 方法将给出当前所选择的密码。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1653 +msgid "" +"TLS 1.3 cipher suites cannot be disabled with " +":meth:`~SSLContext.set_ciphers`." +msgstr "TLS 1.3 密码套件不能通过 :meth:`~SSLContext.set_ciphers` 禁用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1658 +msgid "" +"Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS " +"handshake. It should be a list of ASCII strings, like ``['http/1.1', " +"'spdy/2']``, ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen " +"during the handshake, and will play out according to :rfc:`7301`. After a " +"successful handshake, the :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol` method " +"will return the agreed-upon protocol." +msgstr "" +"指定在 SSL/TLS 握手期间套接字应当通告的协议。 它应为由 ASCII 字符串组成的列表，例如 ``['http/1.1', " +"'spdy/2']``，按首选顺序排列。 协议的选择将在握手期间发生，并依据 :rfc:`7301` 来执行。 " +"在握手成功后，:meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol` 方法将返回已达成一致的协议。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if :data:`HAS_ALPN` is " +"``False``." +msgstr "如果 :data:`HAS_ALPN` 为 ``False`` 则此方法将引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1672 +msgid "" +"Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS " +"handshake. It should be a list of strings, like ``['http/1.1', 'spdy/2']``, " +"ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen during the " +"handshake, and will play out according to the `Application Layer Protocol " +"Negotiation `_. After a successful handshake, the " +":meth:`SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` method will return the agreed-upon " +"protocol." +msgstr "" +"指定在Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS " +"握手期间套接字应当通告的协议。 它应为由字符串组成的列表，例如 ``['http/1.1', 'spdy/2']``，按首选顺序排列。 " +"协议的选择将在握手期间发生，并将依据 `应用层协议协商 `_ 来执行。 " +"在握手成功后，:meth:`SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` 方法将返回已达成一致的协议。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1680 +msgid "" +"This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if :data:`HAS_NPN` is " +"``False``." +msgstr "如果 :data:`HAS_NPN` 为 ``False`` 则此方法将引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1691 +msgid "" +"Register a callback function that will be called after the TLS Client Hello " +"handshake message has been received by the SSL/TLS server when the TLS " +"client specifies a server name indication. The server name indication " +"mechanism is specified in :rfc:`6066` section 3 - Server Name Indication." +msgstr "" +"注册一个回调函数，当 TLS 客户端指定了一个服务器名称提示时，该回调函数将在 SSL/TLS 服务器接收到 TLS Client Hello " +"握手消息后被调用。 服务器名称提示机制的定义见 :rfc:`6066` section 3 - Server Name Indication。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1696 +msgid "" +"Only one callback can be set per ``SSLContext``. If *sni_callback* is set " +"to ``None`` then the callback is disabled. Calling this function a " +"subsequent time will disable the previously registered callback." +msgstr "" +"每个 ``SSLContext`` 只能设置一个回调。 如果 *sni_callback* 被设置为 ``None`` 则会禁用回调。 " +"对该函数的后续调用将禁用之前注册的回调。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1700 +msgid "" +"The callback function will be called with three arguments; the first being " +"the :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, the second is a string that represents the " +"server name that the client is intending to communicate (or :const:`None` if" +" the TLS Client Hello does not contain a server name) and the third argument" +" is the original :class:`SSLContext`. The server name argument is text. For " +"internationalized domain name, the server name is an IDN A-label (``\"xn--" +"pythn-mua.org\"``)." +msgstr "" +"此回调函数将附带三个参数来调用；第一个参数是 :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`，第二个参数是代表客户端准备与之通信的服务器的字符串 " +"(或者如果 TLS Client Hello 不包含服务器名称则为 :const:`None`) 而第三个参数是原来的 " +":class:`SSLContext`。 服务器名称参数为文本形式。 对于国际化域名，服务器名称是一个 IDN A 标签 (``\"xn--pythn-" +"mua.org\"``)。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1708 +msgid "" +"A typical use of this callback is to change the :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`'s " +":attr:`SSLSocket.context` attribute to a new object of type " +":class:`SSLContext` representing a certificate chain that matches the server" +" name." +msgstr "" +"此回调的一个典型用法是将 :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` 的 :attr:`SSLSocket.context` 属性修改为一个 " +":class:`SSLContext` 类型的新对象，该对象代表与服务器相匹配的证书链。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1713 +msgid "" +"Due to the early negotiation phase of the TLS connection, only limited " +"methods and attributes are usable like " +":meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol` and :attr:`SSLSocket.context`. The " +":meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`, :meth:`SSLSocket.get_verified_chain`, " +":meth:`SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain` :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` and " +":meth:`SSLSocket.compression` methods require that the TLS connection has " +"progressed beyond the TLS Client Hello and therefore will not return " +"meaningful values nor can they be called safely." +msgstr "" +"由于 TLS 连接处于早期协商阶段，因此仅能使用有限的方法和属性例如 :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol` " +"和 :attr:`SSLSocket.context`。 :meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`, " +":meth:`SSLSocket.get_verified_chain`, :meth:`SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain`" +" :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` 和 :meth:`SSLSocket.compression` 方法要求 TLS 连接已过 TLS " +"Client Hello 步骤因而不会返回有意义的值也不能安全地调用它们。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"The *sni_callback* function must return ``None`` to allow the TLS " +"negotiation to continue. If a TLS failure is required, a constant " +":const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_* ` can be " +"returned. Other return values will result in a TLS fatal error with " +":const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR`." +msgstr "" +"*sni_callback* 函数必须返回 ``None`` 以允许 TLS 协商继续进行。 如果想要 TLS 失败，则可以返回常量 " +":const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_* `。 其他返回值将导致 " +"TLS 的致命错误 :const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1728 +msgid "" +"If an exception is raised from the *sni_callback* function the TLS " +"connection will terminate with a fatal TLS alert message " +":const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE`." +msgstr "" +"如果从 *sni_callback* 函数引发了异常，则 TLS 连接将终止并发出 TLS 致命警告消息 " +":const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1732 +msgid "" +"This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if the OpenSSL library had" +" OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT defined when it was built." +msgstr "" +"如果 OpenSSL library 库在构建时定义了 OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT 则此方法将返回 " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"This is a legacy API retained for backwards compatibility. When possible, " +"you should use :attr:`sni_callback` instead. The given " +"*server_name_callback* is similar to *sni_callback*, except that when the " +"server hostname is an IDN-encoded internationalized domain name, the " +"*server_name_callback* receives a decoded U-label (``\"pythön.org\"``)." +msgstr "" +"这是被保留用于向下兼容的旧式 API。 在可能的情况下，你应当改用 :attr:`sni_callback`。 给出的 " +"*server_name_callback* 类似于 *sni_callback*，不同之处在于当服务器主机名是 IDN " +"编码的国际化域名时，*server_name_callback* 会接收到一个已编码的 U 标签 (``\"pythön.org\"``)。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"If there is a decoding error on the server name, the TLS connection will " +"terminate with an :const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR` fatal TLS alert " +"message to the client." +msgstr "" +"如果发生了服务器名称解码错误。 TLS 连接将终止并向客户端发出 :const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR` " +"最严重 TLS 警告消息。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1753 +msgid "" +"Load the key generation parameters for Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange. " +"Using DH key exchange improves forward secrecy at the expense of " +"computational resources (both on the server and on the client). The *dhfile*" +" parameter should be the path to a file containing DH parameters in PEM " +"format." +msgstr "" +"加载密钥生成参数用于 Diffie-Hellman (DH) 密钥交换。 使用 DH 密钥交换能以消耗（服务器和客户端的）计算资源为代价提升前向保密性。" +" *dhfile* 参数应当为指向一个包含 PEM 格式的 DH 形参的文件的路径。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1759 +msgid "" +"This setting doesn't apply to client sockets. You can also use the " +":data:`OP_SINGLE_DH_USE` option to further improve security." +msgstr "此设置不会应用于客户端套接字。 你还可以使用 :data:`OP_SINGLE_DH_USE` 选项来进一步提升安全性。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1766 +msgid "" +"Set the curve name for Elliptic Curve-based Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key " +"exchange. ECDH is significantly faster than regular DH while arguably as " +"secure. The *curve_name* parameter should be a string describing a well-" +"known elliptic curve, for example ``prime256v1`` for a widely supported " +"curve." +msgstr "" +"为基于椭圆曲线的 Elliptic Curve-based Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) 密钥交换设置曲线名称。 ECDH 显著快于常规 " +"DH 同时据信同样安全。 *curve_name* 形参应为描述某个知名椭圆曲线的字符串，例如受到广泛支持的曲线 ``prime256v1``。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1772 +msgid "" +"This setting doesn't apply to client sockets. You can also use the " +":data:`OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE` option to further improve security." +msgstr "此设置不会应用于客户端套接字。 你还可以使用 :data:`OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE` 选项来进一步提升安全性。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1775 +msgid "This method is not available if :data:`HAS_ECDH` is ``False``." +msgstr "如果 :data:`HAS_ECDH` 为 ``False`` 则此方法将不可用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"`SSL/TLS & Perfect Forward Secrecy " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`SSL/TLS & Perfect Forward Secrecy " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1781 +msgid "Vincent Bernat." +msgstr "Vincent Bernat。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1787 +msgid "" +"Wrap an existing Python socket *sock* and return an instance of " +":attr:`SSLContext.sslsocket_class` (default :class:`SSLSocket`). The " +"returned SSL socket is tied to the context, its settings and certificates. " +"*sock* must be a :const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` socket; other socket types are" +" unsupported." +msgstr "" +"包装一个现有的 Python 套接字 *sock* 并返回一个 :attr:`SSLContext.sslsocket_class` 的实例 (默认为 " +":class:`SSLSocket`)。 返回的 SSL 套接字会关联到相应上下文、设置及证书。 *sock* 必须是一个 " +":const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` 套接字；其他套接字类型均不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1793 +msgid "" +"The parameter ``server_side`` is a boolean which identifies whether server-" +"side or client-side behavior is desired from this socket." +msgstr "形参 ``server_side`` 是一个布尔值，它标明希望从该套接字获得服务器端行为还是客户端行为。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"For client-side sockets, the context construction is lazy; if the underlying" +" socket isn't connected yet, the context construction will be performed " +"after :meth:`connect` is called on the socket. For server-side sockets, if " +"the socket has no remote peer, it is assumed to be a listening socket, and " +"the server-side SSL wrapping is automatically performed on client " +"connections accepted via the :meth:`accept` method. The method may raise " +":exc:`SSLError`." +msgstr "" +"对于客户端套接字，上下文的构造会延迟执行；如果下层的套接字尚未连接，上下文的构造将在对套接字调用 :meth:`connect` 之后执行。 " +"对于服务器端套接字，如果套接字没有远端对等方，它会被视为一个监听套接字，并且服务器端 SSL 包装操作会在通过 :meth:`accept` " +"方法所接受的客户端连接上自动执行。 此方法可能会引发 :exc:`SSLError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1804 +msgid "" +"On client connections, the optional parameter *server_hostname* specifies " +"the hostname of the service which we are connecting to. This allows a " +"single server to host multiple SSL-based services with distinct " +"certificates, quite similarly to HTTP virtual hosts. Specifying " +"*server_hostname* will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if *server_side* is true." +msgstr "" +"在客户端连接上，可选形参 *server_hostname* 指定所要连接的服务的主机名。 这允许单个服务器托管具有单独证书的多个基于 SSL " +"的服务，很类似于 HTTP 虚拟主机。 如果 *server_side* 为真值则指定 *server_hostname* 将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1810 +msgid "" +"The parameter ``do_handshake_on_connect`` specifies whether to do the SSL " +"handshake automatically after doing a :meth:`socket.connect`, or whether the" +" application program will call it explicitly, by invoking the " +":meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` method. Calling " +":meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` explicitly gives the program control over the" +" blocking behavior of the socket I/O involved in the handshake." +msgstr "" +"形参 ``do_handshake_on_connect`` 指明是否要在调用 :meth:`socket.connect` 之后自动执行 SSL " +"握手，还是要通过唤起 :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` 方法让应用程序显式地调用它。 显式地调用 " +":meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` 可给予程序对握手中所涉及的套接字 I/O 阻塞行为的控制。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1817 +msgid "" +"The parameter ``suppress_ragged_eofs`` specifies how the " +":meth:`SSLSocket.recv` method should signal unexpected EOF from the other " +"end of the connection. If specified as :const:`True` (the default), it " +"returns a normal EOF (an empty bytes object) in response to unexpected EOF " +"errors raised from the underlying socket; if :const:`False`, it will raise " +"the exceptions back to the caller." +msgstr "" +"形参 ``suppress_ragged_eofs`` 指明 :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` 方法应当如何从连接的另一端发送非预期的 " +"EOF 信号。 如果指定为 :const:`True` (默认值)，它将返回正常的 EOF (空字节串对象) 来响应从下层套接字引发的非预期的 EOF " +"错误；如果指定为 :const:`False`，它将向调用方引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1824 +msgid "*session*, see :attr:`~SSLSocket.session`." +msgstr "*session*，参见 :attr:`~SSLSocket.session`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1826 +msgid "" +"To wrap an :class:`SSLSocket` in another :class:`SSLSocket`, use " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_bio`." +msgstr "" +"要将 :class:`SSLSocket` 包装在另一个 :class:`SSLSocket` 中，请使用 " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_bio`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1829 +msgid "" +"Always allow a server_hostname to be passed, even if OpenSSL does not have " +"SNI." +msgstr "总是允许传送 server_hostname，即使 OpenSSL 没有 SNI。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1833 ../../library/ssl.rst:1859 +msgid "*session* argument was added." +msgstr "增加了 *session* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1836 +msgid "" +"The method returns an instance of :attr:`SSLContext.sslsocket_class` instead" +" of hard-coded :class:`SSLSocket`." +msgstr "" +"此方法返回 :attr:`SSLContext.sslsocket_class` 的实例而不是硬编码的 :class:`SSLSocket`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1842 +msgid "" +"The return type of :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket`, defaults to " +":class:`SSLSocket`. The attribute can be overridden on instance of class in " +"order to return a custom subclass of :class:`SSLSocket`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` 的返回类型，默认为 :class:`SSLSocket`。 " +"该属性可以在类实例上被重载以便返回自定义的 :class:`SSLSocket` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1851 +msgid "" +"Wrap the BIO objects *incoming* and *outgoing* and return an instance of " +":attr:`SSLContext.sslobject_class` (default :class:`SSLObject`). The SSL " +"routines will read input data from the incoming BIO and write data to the " +"outgoing BIO." +msgstr "" +"包装 BIO 对象 *incoming* 和 *outgoing* 并返回一个 :attr:`SSLContext.sslobject_class` " +"(默认为 :class:`SSLObject`) 的实例。 SSL 例程将从 BIO 中读取输入数据并将数据写入到 outgoing BIO。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1856 +msgid "" +"The *server_side*, *server_hostname* and *session* parameters have the same " +"meaning as in :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket`." +msgstr "" +"*server_side*, *server_hostname* 和 *session* 形参具有与 " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` 中相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"The method returns an instance of :attr:`SSLContext.sslobject_class` instead" +" of hard-coded :class:`SSLObject`." +msgstr "" +"此方法返回 :attr:`SSLContext.sslobject_class` 的实例而不是硬编码的 :class:`SSLObject`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1868 +msgid "" +"The return type of :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_bio`, defaults to " +":class:`SSLObject`. The attribute can be overridden on instance of class in " +"order to return a custom subclass of :class:`SSLObject`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_bio` 的返回类型，默认为 :class:`SSLObject`。 " +"该属性可以在类实例上被重载以便返回自定义的 :class:`SSLObject` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1876 +msgid "" +"Get statistics about the SSL sessions created or managed by this context. A " +"dictionary is returned which maps the names of each `piece of information " +"`_ to their " +"numeric values. For example, here is the total number of hits and misses in" +" the session cache since the context was created::" +msgstr "" +"获取由该上下文创建或管理的 SSL 会话的统计数据。 返回将每个 `信息块 " +"`_ 映射到其数字值的字典。 " +"例如，下面是自该上下文创建以来会话缓存中命中和未命中的总计数::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1881 +msgid "" +">>> stats = context.session_stats()\n" +">>> stats['hits'], stats['misses']\n" +"(0, 0)" +msgstr "" +">>> stats = context.session_stats()\n" +">>> stats['hits'], stats['misses']\n" +"(0, 0)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1887 +msgid "" +"Whether to match the peer cert's hostname in :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake`." +" The context's :attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` must be set to " +":data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`, and you must pass " +"*server_hostname* to :meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_socket` in order to match the " +"hostname. Enabling hostname checking automatically sets " +":attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` from :data:`CERT_NONE` to " +":data:`CERT_REQUIRED`. It cannot be set back to :data:`CERT_NONE` as long " +"as hostname checking is enabled. The :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` protocol " +"enables hostname checking by default. With other protocols, hostname " +"checking must be enabled explicitly." +msgstr "" +"是否要将匹配 :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` 中对等方证书的主机名。 该上下文的 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` 必须被设为 :data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` 或 " +":data:`CERT_REQUIRED`，并且你必须将 *server_hostname* 传给 " +":meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_socket` 以便匹配主机名。 启用主机名检查会自动将 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` 从 :data:`CERT_NONE` 设为 " +":data:`CERT_REQUIRED`。 只要启用了主机名检查就无法将其设回 :data:`CERT_NONE`。 " +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 协议默认启用主机名检查。 对于其他协议，则必须显式地启用主机名检查。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1900 +msgid "" +"import socket, ssl\n" +"\n" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)\n" +"context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED\n" +"context.check_hostname = True\n" +"context.load_default_certs()\n" +"\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"ssl_sock = context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname='www.verisign.com')\n" +"ssl_sock.connect(('www.verisign.com', 443))" +msgstr "" +"import socket, ssl\n" +"\n" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)\n" +"context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED\n" +"context.check_hostname = True\n" +"context.load_default_certs()\n" +"\n" +"s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n" +"ssl_sock = context.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname='www.verisign.com')\n" +"ssl_sock.connect(('www.verisign.com', 443))" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1915 +msgid "" +":attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` is now automatically changed to " +":data:`CERT_REQUIRED` when hostname checking is enabled and " +":attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` is :data:`CERT_NONE`. Previously the same " +"operation would have failed with a :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"现在当主机名检查被启用且 :attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` 为 :data:`CERT_NONE` 时 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` 会自动更改为 :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`。 " +"在之前版本中同样的操作将失败并引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1922 +msgid "" +"Write TLS keys to a keylog file, whenever key material is generated or " +"received. The keylog file is designed for debugging purposes only. The file " +"format is specified by NSS and used by many traffic analyzers such as " +"Wireshark. The log file is opened in append-only mode. Writes are " +"synchronized between threads, but not between processes." +msgstr "" +"每当生成或接收到密钥时，将 TLS 密钥写入到一个密钥日志文件。 密钥日志文件的设计仅适用于调试目的。 文件的格式由 NSS " +"指明并为许多流量分析工具例如 Wireshark 所使用。 日志文件会以追加模式打开。 写入操作会在线程之间同步，但不会在进程之间同步。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1932 +msgid "" +"A :class:`TLSVersion` enum member representing the highest supported TLS " +"version. The value defaults to :attr:`TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED`. The " +"attribute is read-only for protocols other than :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT`, and :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`." +msgstr "" +"一个代表所支持的最高 TLS 版本的 :class:`TLSVersion` 枚举成员。 该值默认为 " +":attr:`TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED`。 这个属性对于 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 和 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` 以外的其他协议来说都是只读的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1937 +msgid "" +"The attributes :attr:`~SSLContext.maximum_version`, " +":attr:`~SSLContext.minimum_version` and :attr:`SSLContext.options` all " +"affect the supported SSL and TLS versions of the context. The implementation" +" does not prevent invalid combination. For example a context with " +":attr:`OP_NO_TLSv1_2` in :attr:`~SSLContext.options` and " +":attr:`~SSLContext.maximum_version` set to :attr:`TLSVersion.TLSv1_2` will " +"not be able to establish a TLS 1.2 connection." +msgstr "" +":attr:`~SSLContext.maximum_version`, :attr:`~SSLContext.minimum_version` 和 " +":attr:`SSLContext.options` 等属性都会影响上下文所支持的 SSL 和 TLS 版本。 这个实现不会阻止无效的组合。 例如一个 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.options` 为 :attr:`OP_NO_TLSv1_2` 而 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.maximum_version` 设为 :attr:`TLSVersion.TLSv1_2` 的上下文将无法建立 " +"TLS 1.2 连接。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1950 +msgid "" +"Like :attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` except it is the lowest supported " +"version or :attr:`TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED`." +msgstr "" +"与 :attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` 类似，区别在于它是所支持的最低版本或为 " +":attr:`TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1957 +msgid "" +"Control the number of TLS 1.3 session tickets of a " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` context. The setting has no impact on TLS 1.0 " +"to 1.2 connections." +msgstr "" +"控制一个 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` 上下文的 TLS 1.3 会话凭据数量。 这个设置不会影响 TLS 1.0 至 " +"1.2 的连接。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1965 +msgid "" +"An integer representing the set of SSL options enabled on this context. The " +"default value is :data:`OP_ALL`, but you can specify other options such as " +":data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` by ORing them together." +msgstr "" +"一个代表此上下文中所启用的 SSL 选项集的整数。 默认值为 :data:`OP_ALL`，但你也可以通过在选项间进行 OR 运算来指定其他选项例如 " +":data:`OP_NO_SSLv2`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1969 +msgid ":attr:`SSLContext.options` returns :class:`Options` flags:" +msgstr ":attr:`SSLContext.options` 返回 :class:`Options` 旗标:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1977 +msgid "" +"All ``OP_NO_SSL*`` and ``OP_NO_TLS*`` options have been deprecated since " +"Python 3.7. Use :attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version` and " +":attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version` instead." +msgstr "" +"自 OpenSSL 1.1.0 起，所有 ``OP_NO_SSL*`` 和 ``OP_NO_TLS*`` 选项已被弃用，请改用新的 " +":attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version` 和 :attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1983 +msgid "" +"Enable TLS 1.3 post-handshake client authentication. Post-handshake auth is " +"disabled by default and a server can only request a TLS client certificate " +"during the initial handshake. When enabled, a server may request a TLS " +"client certificate at any time after the handshake." +msgstr "" +"启用 TLS 1.3 握手后客户端身份验证。 握手后验证默认是被禁用的，服务器只能在初始握手期间请求 TLS 客户端证书。 " +"当启用时，服务器可以在握手之后的任何时候请求 TLS 客户端证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1988 +msgid "" +"When enabled on client-side sockets, the client signals the server that it " +"supports post-handshake authentication." +msgstr "当在客户端套接字上启用时，客户端会向服务器发信号说明它支持握手后身份验证。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:1991 +msgid "" +"When enabled on server-side sockets, :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` must be " +"set to :data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`, too. The actual " +"client cert exchange is delayed until " +":meth:`SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` is called and some I/O is " +"performed." +msgstr "" +"当在服务器端套接字上启用时，:attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` 也必须被设为 :data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` 或 " +":data:`CERT_REQUIRED`。 实际的客户端证书交换会被延迟直至 " +":meth:`SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` 被调用并执行了一些 I/O 操作后再进行。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"The protocol version chosen when constructing the context. This attribute " +"is read-only." +msgstr "构造上下文时所选择的协议版本。 这个属性是只读的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2006 +msgid "" +"Whether :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` falls back to verify the cert's " +"subject common name in the absence of a subject alternative name extension " +"(default: true)." +msgstr "" +"在没有目标替代名称扩展的情况下 :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` 是否要回退为验证证书的通用名称（默认为真值）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2014 +msgid "" +"The flag had no effect with OpenSSL before version 1.1.1l. Python 3.8.9, " +"3.9.3, and 3.10 include workarounds for previous versions." +msgstr "" +"此旗标在 OpenSSL 1.1.1l 之前的版本上不起作用。 Python 3.8.9, 3.9.3 和 3.10 包括了针对之前版本的变通处理。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2019 +msgid "" +"An integer representing the `security level " +"`_ for the" +" context. This attribute is read-only." +msgstr "" +"一个代表上下文 `安全级别 " +"`_ 的整数。 " +"该属性是只读的。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2027 +msgid "" +"The flags for certificate verification operations. You can set flags like " +":data:`VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF` by ORing them together. By default OpenSSL " +"does neither require nor verify certificate revocation lists (CRLs)." +msgstr "" +"证书验证操作的标志位。可以用“或”的方式组合在一起设置 :data:`VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF` 这类标志。默认情况下，OpenSSL" +" 既不需要也不验证证书吊销列表（CRL）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2033 +msgid ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` returns :class:`VerifyFlags` flags:" +msgstr ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` 返回 :class:`VerifyFlags` 旗标:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2041 +msgid "" +"Whether to try to verify other peers' certificates and how to behave if " +"verification fails. This attribute must be one of :data:`CERT_NONE`, " +":data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`." +msgstr "" +"是否要尝试验证其他对等方的证书以及如果验证失败应采取何种行为。 该属性值必须为 :data:`CERT_NONE`, " +":data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` 或 :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` 之一。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2045 +msgid ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` returns :class:`VerifyMode` enum:" +msgstr ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` 返回 :class:`VerifyMode` 枚举:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2053 +msgid "" +"Enables TLS-PSK (pre-shared key) authentication on a client-side connection." +msgstr "在客户端连接上启用 TLS-PSK（预共享密钥）验证。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2055 ../../library/ssl.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"In general, certificate based authentication should be preferred over this " +"method." +msgstr "一般来说，基于证书的身份验证应当优先于此方法。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2057 +msgid "" +"The parameter ``callback`` is a callable object with the signature: ``def " +"callback(hint: str | None) -> tuple[str | None, bytes]``. The ``hint`` " +"parameter is an optional identity hint sent by the server. The return value " +"is a tuple in the form (client-identity, psk). Client-identity is an " +"optional string which may be used by the server to select a corresponding " +"PSK for the client. The string must be less than or equal to ``256`` octets " +"when UTF-8 encoded. PSK is a :term:`bytes-like object` representing the pre-" +"shared key. Return a zero length PSK to reject the connection." +msgstr "" +"形参 ``callback`` 是一个签名为 ``def callback(hint: str | None) -> tuple[str | None," +" bytes]`` 的可调用对象。``hint`` 形参是服务器所发送的可选身份标识。 返回值是一个 (client-identity, psk) " +"形式的元组。 其中 client-identity 是一个可选的字符串，它可被服务器用来为客户选择相应的 PSK。 该字符串在使用 UTF-8 " +"编码时必须小于等于 ``256`` 个八位字节。 PSK 是一个代表预共享密钥的 :term:`bytes-like object`。 返回一个零长度的" +" PSK 以拒绝连接。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2067 ../../library/ssl.rst:2113 +msgid "Setting ``callback`` to :const:`None` removes any existing callback." +msgstr "将 ``callback`` 设为 :const:`None` 将移除任何现有的回调。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2070 +msgid "When using TLS 1.3:" +msgstr "当使用 TLS 1.3 时：" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2072 +msgid "the ``hint`` parameter is always :const:`None`." +msgstr "``hint`` 形参值将始终为 :const:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2073 +msgid "client-identity must be a non-empty string." +msgstr "client-identity 必须是一个非空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2075 ../../library/ssl.rst:2122 +msgid "Example usage::" +msgstr "用法示例::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2077 +msgid "" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +"context.check_hostname = False\n" +"context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE\n" +"context.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2\n" +"context.set_ciphers('PSK')\n" +"\n" +"# A simple lambda:\n" +"psk = bytes.fromhex('c0ffee')\n" +"context.set_psk_client_callback(lambda hint: (None, psk))\n" +"\n" +"# A table using the hint from the server:\n" +"psk_table = { 'ServerId_1': bytes.fromhex('c0ffee'),\n" +" 'ServerId_2': bytes.fromhex('facade')\n" +"}\n" +"def callback(hint):\n" +" return 'ClientId_1', psk_table.get(hint, b'')\n" +"context.set_psk_client_callback(callback)" +msgstr "" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +"context.check_hostname = False\n" +"context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE\n" +"context.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2\n" +"context.set_ciphers('PSK')\n" +"\n" +"# 一个简单的 lambda：\n" +"psk = bytes.fromhex('c0ffee')\n" +"context.set_psk_client_callback(lambda hint: (None, psk))\n" +"\n" +"# 一个使用来自服务器的提示的表：\n" +"psk_table = { 'ServerId_1': bytes.fromhex('c0ffee'),\n" +" 'ServerId_2': bytes.fromhex('facade')\n" +"}\n" +"def callback(hint):\n" +" return 'ClientId_1', psk_table.get(hint, b'')\n" +"context.set_psk_client_callback(callback)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2095 ../../library/ssl.rst:2140 +msgid "" +"This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if :data:`HAS_PSK` is " +"``False``." +msgstr "如果 :data:`HAS_PSK` 为 ``False`` 则此方法将引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2102 +msgid "" +"Enables TLS-PSK (pre-shared key) authentication on a server-side connection." +msgstr "在服务器端连接上启用 TLS-PSK（预共享密钥验证）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2106 +msgid "" +"The parameter ``callback`` is a callable object with the signature: ``def " +"callback(identity: str | None) -> bytes``. The ``identity`` parameter is an " +"optional identity sent by the client which can be used to select a " +"corresponding PSK. The return value is a :term:`bytes-like object` " +"representing the pre-shared key. Return a zero length PSK to reject the " +"connection." +msgstr "" +"形参 ``callback`` 是一个签名为 ``def callback(identity: str | None) -> bytes`` " +"的可调用对象。 ``identity`` 形参是客户端所发送的可选身份标识，可用于选择相应的 PSK。 返回值是一个代表预共享密钥的 " +":term:`bytes-like object`。 返回一个零长度的 PSK 以拒绝连接。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2115 +msgid "" +"The parameter ``identity_hint`` is an optional identity hint string sent to " +"the client. The string must be less than or equal to ``256`` octets when " +"UTF-8 encoded." +msgstr "" +"形参 ``identity_hint`` 是发送给客户端的可选身份标识字符串。 该字符串在使用 UTF-8 编码时必须小于等于 ``256`` " +"个八位字节。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2120 +msgid "" +"When using TLS 1.3 the ``identity_hint`` parameter is not sent to the " +"client." +msgstr "当使用 TLS 1.3 时 ``identity_hint`` 形参将不会被发送给客户端。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)\n" +"context.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2\n" +"context.set_ciphers('PSK')\n" +"\n" +"# A simple lambda:\n" +"psk = bytes.fromhex('c0ffee')\n" +"context.set_psk_server_callback(lambda identity: psk)\n" +"\n" +"# A table using the identity of the client:\n" +"psk_table = { 'ClientId_1': bytes.fromhex('c0ffee'),\n" +" 'ClientId_2': bytes.fromhex('facade')\n" +"}\n" +"def callback(identity):\n" +" return psk_table.get(identity, b'')\n" +"context.set_psk_server_callback(callback, 'ServerId_1')" +msgstr "" +"context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)\n" +"context.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2\n" +"context.set_ciphers('PSK')\n" +"\n" +"# 一个简单的 lambda：\n" +"psk = bytes.fromhex('c0ffee')\n" +"context.set_psk_server_callback(lambda identity: psk)\n" +"\n" +"# 一个使用客户端标识的表：\n" +"psk_table = { 'ClientId_1': bytes.fromhex('c0ffee'),\n" +" 'ClientId_2': bytes.fromhex('facade')\n" +"}\n" +"def callback(identity):\n" +" return psk_table.get(identity, b'')\n" +"context.set_psk_server_callback(callback, 'ServerId_1')" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2152 +msgid "Certificates" +msgstr "证书" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2154 +msgid "" +"Certificates in general are part of a public-key / private-key system. In " +"this system, each *principal*, (which may be a machine, or a person, or an " +"organization) is assigned a unique two-part encryption key. One part of the" +" key is public, and is called the *public key*; the other part is kept " +"secret, and is called the *private key*. The two parts are related, in that" +" if you encrypt a message with one of the parts, you can decrypt it with the" +" other part, and **only** with the other part." +msgstr "" +"总的来说证书是公钥/私钥系统的一个组成部分。 在这个系统中，每 个 *主体* (可能是一台机器、一个人或者一个组织) " +"都会分配到唯一的包含两部分的加密密钥。 一部分密钥是公开的，称为 *公钥*；另一部分密钥是保密的，称为 *私钥*。 " +"这两个部分是互相关联的，就是说如果你用其中一个部分来加密一条消息，你将能用并且 **只能** 用另一个部分来解密它。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2162 +msgid "" +"A certificate contains information about two principals. It contains the " +"name of a *subject*, and the subject's public key. It also contains a " +"statement by a second principal, the *issuer*, that the subject is who they " +"claim to be, and that this is indeed the subject's public key. The issuer's" +" statement is signed with the issuer's private key, which only the issuer " +"knows. However, anyone can verify the issuer's statement by finding the " +"issuer's public key, decrypting the statement with it, and comparing it to " +"the other information in the certificate. The certificate also contains " +"information about the time period over which it is valid. This is expressed" +" as two fields, called \"notBefore\" and \"notAfter\"." +msgstr "" +"在一个证书中包含有两个主体的相关信息。 它包含 *目标方* 的名称和目标方的公钥。 它还包含由第二个主体 *颁发方* " +"所发布的声明：目标方的身份与他们所宣称的一致，包含的公钥也确实是目标方的公钥。 颁发方的声明使用颁发方的私钥进行签名，该私钥的内容只有颁发方自己才知道。" +" 但是，任何人都可以找到颁发方的公钥，用它来解密这个声明，并将其与证书中的其他信息进行比较来验证颁发方声明的真实性。 证书还包含有关其有效期限的信息。 " +"这被表示为两个字段，即 \"notBefore\" 和 \"notAfter\"。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2172 +msgid "" +"In the Python use of certificates, a client or server can use a certificate " +"to prove who they are. The other side of a network connection can also be " +"required to produce a certificate, and that certificate can be validated to " +"the satisfaction of the client or server that requires such validation. The" +" connection attempt can be set to raise an exception if the validation " +"fails. Validation is done automatically, by the underlying OpenSSL " +"framework; the application need not concern itself with its mechanics. But " +"the application does usually need to provide sets of certificates to allow " +"this process to take place." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中应用证书时，客户端或服务器可以用证书来证明自己的身份。 " +"还可以要求网络连接的另一方提供证书，提供的证书可以用于验证以满足客户端或服务器的验证要求。 如果验证失败，连接尝试可被设置为引发一个异常。 " +"验证是由下层的 OpenSSL 框架来自动执行的；应用程序本身不必关注其内部的机制。 但是应用程序通常需要提供一组证书以允许此过程的发生。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2182 +msgid "" +"Python uses files to contain certificates. They should be formatted as " +"\"PEM\" (see :rfc:`1422`), which is a base-64 encoded form wrapped with a " +"header line and a footer line::" +msgstr "" +"Python 使用文件来包含证书。 它们应当采用 \"PEM\" 格式 (参见 :rfc:`1422`)，这是一种带有头部行和尾部行的 base-64 " +"编码包装形式::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2186 +msgid "" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (certificate in base64 PEM encoding) ...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----" +msgstr "" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (使用 base64 PEM 编码的证书) ...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2191 +msgid "Certificate chains" +msgstr "证书链" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2193 +msgid "" +"The Python files which contain certificates can contain a sequence of " +"certificates, sometimes called a *certificate chain*. This chain should " +"start with the specific certificate for the principal who \"is\" the client " +"or server, and then the certificate for the issuer of that certificate, and " +"then the certificate for the issuer of *that* certificate, and so on up the " +"chain till you get to a certificate which is *self-signed*, that is, a " +"certificate which has the same subject and issuer, sometimes called a *root " +"certificate*. The certificates should just be concatenated together in the " +"certificate file. For example, suppose we had a three certificate chain, " +"from our server certificate to the certificate of the certification " +"authority that signed our server certificate, to the root certificate of the" +" agency which issued the certification authority's certificate::" +msgstr "" +"包含证书的 Python 文件可以包含一系列的证书，有时被称为 *证书链*。 这个证书链应当以 \"作为\" " +"客户端或服务器的主体的专属证书打头，然后是证书颁发方的证书，然后是 *上述* 证书的颁发方的证书，证书链就这样不断上溯直到你得到一个 *自签名* " +"的证书，即具有相同目标方和颁发方的证书，有时也称为 *根证书*。 在证书文件中这些证书应当被拼接为一体。 " +"例如，假设我们有一个包含三个证书的证书链，以我们的服务器证书打头，然后是为我们的服务器证书签名的证书颁发机构的证书，最后是为证书颁发机构的证书颁发证书的机构的根证书::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2206 +msgid "" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (certificate for your server)...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (the certificate for the CA)...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (the root certificate for the CA's issuer)...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----" +msgstr "" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (你的服务器的证书)...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (CA 的证书)...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (CA 的颁发者的根证书)...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2217 +msgid "CA certificates" +msgstr "CA 证书" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"If you are going to require validation of the other side of the connection's" +" certificate, you need to provide a \"CA certs\" file, filled with the " +"certificate chains for each issuer you are willing to trust. Again, this " +"file just contains these chains concatenated together. For validation, " +"Python will use the first chain it finds in the file which matches. The " +"platform's certificates file can be used by calling " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs`, this is done automatically with " +":func:`.create_default_context`." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要求对连接的另一方的证书进行验证，你必须提供一个 \"CA 证书\" 文件，其中包含了你愿意信任的每个颁发方的证书链。 " +"同样地，这个文件的内容就是这些证书链拼接在一起的结果。 为了进行验证，Python 将使用它在文件中找到的第一个匹配的证书链。 可以通过调用 " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` 来使用系统平台的证书文件，这可以由 " +":func:`.create_default_context` 自动完成。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2228 +msgid "Combined key and certificate" +msgstr "合并的密钥和证书" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2230 +msgid "" +"Often the private key is stored in the same file as the certificate; in this" +" case, only the ``certfile`` parameter to :meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain`" +" needs to be passed. If the private key is stored with the certificate, it " +"should come before the first certificate in the certificate chain::" +msgstr "" +"私钥往往与证书存储在相同的文件中；在此情况下，只需要将 ``certfile`` 形参传给 " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain`。 如果私钥是与证书一起存储的，则它应当放在证书链的第一个证书之前::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +"... (private key in base64 encoding) ...\n" +"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (certificate in base64 PEM encoding) ...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----" +msgstr "" +"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +"... (使用 base64 编码格式的私钥) ...\n" +"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +"... (使用 base64 PEM 编码格式的证书) ...\n" +"-----END CERTIFICATE-----" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2244 +msgid "Self-signed certificates" +msgstr "自签名证书" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2246 +msgid "" +"If you are going to create a server that provides SSL-encrypted connection " +"services, you will need to acquire a certificate for that service. There " +"are many ways of acquiring appropriate certificates, such as buying one from" +" a certification authority. Another common practice is to generate a self-" +"signed certificate. The simplest way to do this is with the OpenSSL " +"package, using something like the following::" +msgstr "" +"如果你准备创建一个提供 SSL 加密连接服务的服务器，你需要为该服务获取一份证书。 有许多方式可以获取合适的证书，例如从证书颁发机构购买。 " +"另一种常见做法是生成自签名证书。 生成自签名证书的最简单方式是使用 OpenSSL 软件包，代码如下所示::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2253 +msgid "" +"% openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out cert.pem -keyout cert.pem\n" +"Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key\n" +".......++++++\n" +".............................++++++\n" +"writing new private key to 'cert.pem'\n" +"-----\n" +"You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated\n" +"into your certificate request.\n" +"What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.\n" +"There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank\n" +"For some fields there will be a default value,\n" +"If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.\n" +"-----\n" +"Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US\n" +"State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:MyState\n" +"Locality Name (eg, city) []:Some City\n" +"Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:My Organization, Inc.\n" +"Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:My Group\n" +"Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:myserver.mygroup.myorganization.com\n" +"Email Address []:ops@myserver.mygroup.myorganization.com\n" +"%" +msgstr "" +"% openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out cert.pem -keyout cert.pem\n" +"Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key\n" +".......++++++\n" +".............................++++++\n" +"writing new private key to 'cert.pem'\n" +"-----\n" +"You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated\n" +"into your certificate request.\n" +"What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.\n" +"There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank\n" +"For some fields there will be a default value,\n" +"If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.\n" +"-----\n" +"Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US\n" +"State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:MyState\n" +"Locality Name (eg, city) []:Some City\n" +"Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:My Organization, Inc.\n" +"Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:My Group\n" +"Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:myserver.mygroup.myorganization.com\n" +"Email Address []:ops@myserver.mygroup.myorganization.com\n" +"%" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2275 +msgid "" +"The disadvantage of a self-signed certificate is that it is its own root " +"certificate, and no one else will have it in their cache of known (and " +"trusted) root certificates." +msgstr "自签名证书的缺点在于它是它自身的根证书，因此不会存在于别人的已知（且信任的）根证书缓存当中。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2281 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2284 +msgid "Testing for SSL support" +msgstr "检测 SSL 支持" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2286 +msgid "" +"To test for the presence of SSL support in a Python installation, user code " +"should use the following idiom::" +msgstr "要检测一个 Python 安装版中是否带有 SSL 支持，用户代码应当使用以下例程::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2289 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" import ssl\n" +"except ImportError:\n" +" pass\n" +"else:\n" +" ... # do something that requires SSL support" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" import ssl\n" +"except ImportError:\n" +" pass\n" +"else:\n" +" ... # 执行需要 SSL 支持的操作" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2297 +msgid "Client-side operation" +msgstr "客户端操作" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"This example creates a SSL context with the recommended security settings " +"for client sockets, including automatic certificate verification::" +msgstr "这个例子创建了一个 SSL 上下文并使用客户端套接字的推荐安全设置，包括自动证书验证::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2302 +msgid ">>> context = ssl.create_default_context()" +msgstr ">>> context = ssl.create_default_context()" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2304 +msgid "" +"If you prefer to tune security settings yourself, you might create a context" +" from scratch (but beware that you might not get the settings right)::" +msgstr "如果你喜欢自行调整安全设置，你可能需要从头创建一个上下文（但是请请注意避免不正确的设置）::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2308 +msgid "" +">>> context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +">>> context.load_verify_locations(\"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt\")" +msgstr "" +">>> context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +">>> context.load_verify_locations(\"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt\")" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2311 +msgid "" +"(this snippet assumes your operating system places a bundle of all CA " +"certificates in ``/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt``; if not, you'll get an " +"error and have to adjust the location)" +msgstr "" +"(这段代码假定你的操作系统将所有 CA 证书打包存放于 ``/etc/ssl/certs/ca-" +"bundle.crt``；如果不是这样，你将收到报错信息，必须修改此位置)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2315 +msgid "" +"The :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` protocol configures the context for cert " +"validation and hostname verification. :attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` is set" +" to :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` and :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` is set to " +"``True``. All other protocols create SSL contexts with insecure defaults." +msgstr "" +":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 协议配置用于证书验证和主机名验证的上下文。 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` 设为 :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` 而 " +":attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` 设为 ``True``。 所有其他协议都会使用不安全的默认值创建 SSL 上下文。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2320 +msgid "" +"When you use the context to connect to a server, :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` and " +":attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` validate the server certificate: it " +"ensures that the server certificate was signed with one of the CA " +"certificates, checks the signature for correctness, and verifies other " +"properties like validity and identity of the hostname::" +msgstr "" +"当你使用此上下文去连接服务器时，:const:`CERT_REQUIRED` 和 :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` " +"会验证服务器证书；它将确认服务器证书使用了某个 CA 证书进行签名，检查签名是否正确，并验证其他属性例如主机名的有效性和身份真实性::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2326 +msgid "" +">>> conn = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),\n" +"... server_hostname=\"www.python.org\")\n" +">>> conn.connect((\"www.python.org\", 443))" +msgstr "" +">>> conn = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),\n" +"... server_hostname=\"www.python.org\")\n" +">>> conn.connect((\"www.python.org\", 443))" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2330 +msgid "You may then fetch the certificate::" +msgstr "你可以随后获取该证书::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2332 +msgid ">>> cert = conn.getpeercert()" +msgstr ">>> cert = conn.getpeercert()" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2334 +msgid "" +"Visual inspection shows that the certificate does identify the desired " +"service (that is, the HTTPS host ``www.python.org``)::" +msgstr "可视化检查显示证书能够证明目标服务 (即 HTTPS 主机 ``www.python.org``) 的身份::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2337 +msgid "" +">>> pprint.pprint(cert)\n" +"{'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.digicert.com',),\n" +" 'caIssuers': ('http://cacerts.digicert.com/DigiCertSHA2ExtendedValidationServerCA.crt',),\n" +" 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl3.digicert.com/sha2-ev-server-g1.crl',\n" +" 'http://crl4.digicert.com/sha2-ev-server-g1.crl'),\n" +" 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'US'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'DigiCert Inc'),),\n" +" (('organizationalUnitName', 'www.digicert.com'),),\n" +" (('commonName', 'DigiCert SHA2 Extended Validation Server CA'),)),\n" +" 'notAfter': 'Sep 9 12:00:00 2016 GMT',\n" +" 'notBefore': 'Sep 5 00:00:00 2014 GMT',\n" +" 'serialNumber': '01BB6F00122B177F36CAB49CEA8B6B26',\n" +" 'subject': ((('businessCategory', 'Private Organization'),),\n" +" (('1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3', 'US'),),\n" +" (('1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2', 'Delaware'),),\n" +" (('serialNumber', '3359300'),),\n" +" (('streetAddress', '16 Allen Rd'),),\n" +" (('postalCode', '03894-4801'),),\n" +" (('countryName', 'US'),),\n" +" (('stateOrProvinceName', 'NH'),),\n" +" (('localityName', 'Wolfeboro'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),\n" +" (('commonName', 'www.python.org'),)),\n" +" 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'www.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'pypi.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'docs.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'testpypi.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'bugs.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'wiki.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'hg.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'mail.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'packaging.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'pythonhosted.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'www.pythonhosted.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'test.pythonhosted.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'us.pycon.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'id.python.org')),\n" +" 'version': 3}" +msgstr "" +">>> pprint.pprint(cert)\n" +"{'OCSP': ('http://ocsp.digicert.com',),\n" +" 'caIssuers': ('http://cacerts.digicert.com/DigiCertSHA2ExtendedValidationServerCA.crt',),\n" +" 'crlDistributionPoints': ('http://crl3.digicert.com/sha2-ev-server-g1.crl',\n" +" 'http://crl4.digicert.com/sha2-ev-server-g1.crl'),\n" +" 'issuer': ((('countryName', 'US'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'DigiCert Inc'),),\n" +" (('organizationalUnitName', 'www.digicert.com'),),\n" +" (('commonName', 'DigiCert SHA2 Extended Validation Server CA'),)),\n" +" 'notAfter': 'Sep 9 12:00:00 2016 GMT',\n" +" 'notBefore': 'Sep 5 00:00:00 2014 GMT',\n" +" 'serialNumber': '01BB6F00122B177F36CAB49CEA8B6B26',\n" +" 'subject': ((('businessCategory', 'Private Organization'),),\n" +" (('1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3', 'US'),),\n" +" (('1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2', 'Delaware'),),\n" +" (('serialNumber', '3359300'),),\n" +" (('streetAddress', '16 Allen Rd'),),\n" +" (('postalCode', '03894-4801'),),\n" +" (('countryName', 'US'),),\n" +" (('stateOrProvinceName', 'NH'),),\n" +" (('localityName', 'Wolfeboro'),),\n" +" (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),\n" +" (('commonName', 'www.python.org'),)),\n" +" 'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'www.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'pypi.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'docs.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'testpypi.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'bugs.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'wiki.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'hg.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'mail.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'packaging.python.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'pythonhosted.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'www.pythonhosted.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'test.pythonhosted.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'us.pycon.org'),\n" +" ('DNS', 'id.python.org')),\n" +" 'version': 3}" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2377 +msgid "" +"Now the SSL channel is established and the certificate verified, you can " +"proceed to talk with the server::" +msgstr "现在 SSL 通道已建立并已验证了证书，你可以继续与服务器对话了::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2380 +msgid "" +">>> conn.sendall(b\"HEAD / HTTP/1.0\\r\\nHost: linuxfr.org\\r\\n\\r\\n\")\n" +">>> pprint.pprint(conn.recv(1024).split(b\"\\r\\n\"))\n" +"[b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',\n" +" b'Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2014 18:27:20 GMT',\n" +" b'Server: nginx',\n" +" b'Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8',\n" +" b'X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN',\n" +" b'Content-Length: 45679',\n" +" b'Accept-Ranges: bytes',\n" +" b'Via: 1.1 varnish',\n" +" b'Age: 2188',\n" +" b'X-Served-By: cache-lcy1134-LCY',\n" +" b'X-Cache: HIT',\n" +" b'X-Cache-Hits: 11',\n" +" b'Vary: Cookie',\n" +" b'Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains',\n" +" b'Connection: close',\n" +" b'',\n" +" b'']" +msgstr "" +">>> conn.sendall(b\"HEAD / HTTP/1.0\\r\\nHost: linuxfr.org\\r\\n\\r\\n\")\n" +">>> pprint.pprint(conn.recv(1024).split(b\"\\r\\n\"))\n" +"[b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',\n" +" b'Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2014 18:27:20 GMT',\n" +" b'Server: nginx',\n" +" b'Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8',\n" +" b'X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN',\n" +" b'Content-Length: 45679',\n" +" b'Accept-Ranges: bytes',\n" +" b'Via: 1.1 varnish',\n" +" b'Age: 2188',\n" +" b'X-Served-By: cache-lcy1134-LCY',\n" +" b'X-Cache: HIT',\n" +" b'X-Cache-Hits: 11',\n" +" b'Vary: Cookie',\n" +" b'Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains',\n" +" b'Connection: close',\n" +" b'',\n" +" b'']" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2404 +msgid "Server-side operation" +msgstr "服务器端操作" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2406 +msgid "" +"For server operation, typically you'll need to have a server certificate, " +"and private key, each in a file. You'll first create a context holding the " +"key and the certificate, so that clients can check your authenticity. Then " +"you'll open a socket, bind it to a port, call :meth:`listen` on it, and " +"start waiting for clients to connect::" +msgstr "" +"对于服务器操作，通常你需要在文件中存放服务器证书和私钥各一份。 你将首先创建一个包含密钥和证书的上下文，这样客户端就能检查你的身份真实性。 " +"然后你将打开一个套接字，将其绑定到一个端口，在其上调用 :meth:`listen`，并开始等待客户端连接::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2412 +msgid "" +"import socket, ssl\n" +"\n" +"context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)\n" +"context.load_cert_chain(certfile=\"mycertfile\", keyfile=\"mykeyfile\")\n" +"\n" +"bindsocket = socket.socket()\n" +"bindsocket.bind(('myaddr.example.com', 10023))\n" +"bindsocket.listen(5)" +msgstr "" +"import socket, ssl\n" +"\n" +"context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)\n" +"context.load_cert_chain(certfile=\"mycertfile\", keyfile=\"mykeyfile\")\n" +"\n" +"bindsocket = socket.socket()\n" +"bindsocket.bind(('myaddr.example.com', 10023))\n" +"bindsocket.listen(5)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2421 +msgid "" +"When a client connects, you'll call :meth:`accept` on the socket to get the " +"new socket from the other end, and use the context's " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method to create a server-side SSL socket for" +" the connection::" +msgstr "" +"当有客户端连接时，你将在套接字上调用 :meth:`accept` 以从另一端获取新的套接字，并使用上下文的 " +":meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` 方法来为连接创建一个服务器端 SSL 套接字::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2425 +msgid "" +"while True:\n" +" newsocket, fromaddr = bindsocket.accept()\n" +" connstream = context.wrap_socket(newsocket, server_side=True)\n" +" try:\n" +" deal_with_client(connstream)\n" +" finally:\n" +" connstream.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)\n" +" connstream.close()" +msgstr "" +"while True:\n" +" newsocket, fromaddr = bindsocket.accept()\n" +" connstream = context.wrap_socket(newsocket, server_side=True)\n" +" try:\n" +" deal_with_client(connstream)\n" +" finally:\n" +" connstream.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)\n" +" connstream.close()" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2434 +msgid "" +"Then you'll read data from the ``connstream`` and do something with it till " +"you are finished with the client (or the client is finished with you)::" +msgstr "随后你将从 ``connstream`` 读取数据并对其进行处理，直至你结束与客户端的会话（或客户端结束与你的会话）::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2437 +msgid "" +"def deal_with_client(connstream):\n" +" data = connstream.recv(1024)\n" +" # empty data means the client is finished with us\n" +" while data:\n" +" if not do_something(connstream, data):\n" +" # we'll assume do_something returns False\n" +" # when we're finished with client\n" +" break\n" +" data = connstream.recv(1024)\n" +" # finished with client" +msgstr "" +"def deal_with_client(connstream):\n" +" data = connstream.recv(1024)\n" +" # 空数据表明客户端已结束与我们的通信\n" +" while data:\n" +" if not do_something(connstream, data):\n" +" # 我们将假定当我们结束与客户端的通信时\n" +" # do_something 将返回 False\n" +" break\n" +" data = connstream.recv(1024)\n" +" # 结束与客户端的通信" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2448 +msgid "" +"And go back to listening for new client connections (of course, a real " +"server would probably handle each client connection in a separate thread, or" +" put the sockets in :ref:`non-blocking mode ` and use an " +"event loop)." +msgstr "" +"并返回至监听新的客户端连接（当然，真正的服务器应当会在单独的线程中处理每个客户端连接，或者将套接字设为 :ref:`非阻塞模式 ` 并使用事件循环）。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2456 +msgid "Notes on non-blocking sockets" +msgstr "关于非阻塞套接字的说明" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2458 +msgid "" +"SSL sockets behave slightly different than regular sockets in non-blocking " +"mode. When working with non-blocking sockets, there are thus several things " +"you need to be aware of:" +msgstr "在非阻塞模式下 SSL 套接字的行为与常规套接字略有不同。 当使用非阻塞模式时，你需要注意下面这些事情:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2462 +msgid "" +"Most :class:`SSLSocket` methods will raise either :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` " +"or :exc:`SSLWantReadError` instead of :exc:`BlockingIOError` if an I/O " +"operation would block. :exc:`SSLWantReadError` will be raised if a read " +"operation on the underlying socket is necessary, and " +":exc:`SSLWantWriteError` for a write operation on the underlying socket. " +"Note that attempts to *write* to an SSL socket may require *reading* from " +"the underlying socket first, and attempts to *read* from the SSL socket may " +"require a prior *write* to the underlying socket." +msgstr "" +"如果一个 I/O 操作会阻塞，大多数 :class:`SSLSocket` 方法都将引发 :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` 或 " +":exc:`SSLWantReadError` 而非 :exc:`BlockingIOError`。 如果有必要在下层套接字上执行读取操作将引发 " +":exc:`SSLWantReadError`，在下层套接字上执行写入操作则将引发 :exc:`SSLWantWriteError`。 请注意尝试 " +"*写入* 到 SSL 套接字可能需要先从下层套接字 *读取*，而尝试从 SSL 套接字 *读取* 则可能需要先向下层套接字 *写入*。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2474 +msgid "" +"In earlier Python versions, the :meth:`!SSLSocket.send` method returned zero" +" instead of raising :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` or :exc:`SSLWantReadError`." +msgstr "" +"在较早的 Python 版本中，:meth:`!SSLSocket.send` 方法会返回零值而非引发 :exc:`SSLWantWriteError`" +" 或 :exc:`SSLWantReadError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2478 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`~select.select` tells you that the OS-level socket can be " +"read from (or written to), but it does not imply that there is sufficient " +"data at the upper SSL layer. For example, only part of an SSL frame might " +"have arrived. Therefore, you must be ready to handle :meth:`SSLSocket.recv`" +" and :meth:`SSLSocket.send` failures, and retry after another call to " +":func:`~select.select`." +msgstr "" +"调用 :func:`~select.select` 将告诉你可以从 OS 层级的套接字读取（或向其写入），但这并不意味着在上面的 SSL " +"层有足够的数据。 例如，可能只有部分 SSL 帧已经到达。 因此，你必须准备好处理 :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` 和 " +":meth:`SSLSocket.send` 失败的情况，并在再次调用 :func:`~select.select` 之后重新尝试。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2485 +msgid "" +"Conversely, since the SSL layer has its own framing, a SSL socket may still " +"have data available for reading without :func:`~select.select` being aware " +"of it. Therefore, you should first call :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` to drain any" +" potentially available data, and then only block on a :func:`~select.select`" +" call if still necessary." +msgstr "" +"相反地，由于 SSL 层具有自己的帧机制，一个 SSL 套接字可能仍有可读取的数据而 :func:`~select.select` 并不知道这一点。 " +"因此，你应当先调用 :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` 取走所有潜在的可用数据，然后只在必要时对 :func:`~select.select`" +" 调用执行阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2491 +msgid "" +"(of course, similar provisions apply when using other primitives such as " +":func:`~select.poll`, or those in the :mod:`selectors` module)" +msgstr "" +"(当然，类似的保留规则在使用其他原语例如 :func:`~select.poll`，或 :mod:`selectors` 模块中的原语时也适用)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2494 +msgid "" +"The SSL handshake itself will be non-blocking: the " +":meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` method has to be retried until it returns " +"successfully. Here is a synopsis using :func:`~select.select` to wait for " +"the socket's readiness::" +msgstr "" +"SSL 握手本身将是非阻塞的: :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` 方法必须不断重试直至其成功返回。 下面是一个使用 " +":func:`~select.select` 来等待套接字就绪的简短例子::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2499 +msgid "" +"while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" sock.do_handshake()\n" +" break\n" +" except ssl.SSLWantReadError:\n" +" select.select([sock], [], [])\n" +" except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:\n" +" select.select([], [sock], [])" +msgstr "" +"while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" sock.do_handshake()\n" +" break\n" +" except ssl.SSLWantReadError:\n" +" select.select([sock], [], [])\n" +" except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:\n" +" select.select([], [sock], [])" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2510 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` module supports :ref:`non-blocking SSL sockets ` and provides a higher level :ref:`Streams API `. It polls for events using the :mod:`selectors` module and handles" +" :exc:`SSLWantWriteError`, :exc:`SSLWantReadError` and " +":exc:`BlockingIOError` exceptions. It runs the SSL handshake asynchronously " +"as well." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 模块支持 :ref:`非阻塞 SSL 套接字 ` 并提供了更高层级的 :ref:`流 " +"API `。 它会使用 :mod:`selectors` 模块来轮询事件并处理 " +":exc:`SSLWantWriteError`, :exc:`SSLWantReadError` 和 :exc:`BlockingIOError` " +"等异常。 它还会异步地执行 SSL 握手。handshake asynchronously as well." + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2519 +msgid "Memory BIO Support" +msgstr "内存 BIO 支持" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2523 +msgid "" +"Ever since the SSL module was introduced in Python 2.6, the " +":class:`SSLSocket` class has provided two related but distinct areas of " +"functionality:" +msgstr "自从 SSL 模块在 Python 2.6 起被引入之后，:class:`SSLSocket` 类提供了两个互相关联但彼此独立的功能分块:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2526 +msgid "SSL protocol handling" +msgstr "SSL 协议处理" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2527 +msgid "Network IO" +msgstr "网络 IO" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2529 +msgid "" +"The network IO API is identical to that provided by :class:`socket.socket`, " +"from which :class:`SSLSocket` also inherits. This allows an SSL socket to be" +" used as a drop-in replacement for a regular socket, making it very easy to " +"add SSL support to an existing application." +msgstr "" +"网络 IO API 与 :class:`socket.socket` 所提供的功能一致，:class:`SSLSocket` 也是从那里继承而来的。 " +"这允许 SSL 套接字被用作常规套接字的替代，使得向现有应用程序添加 SSL 支持变得非常容易。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2534 +msgid "" +"Combining SSL protocol handling and network IO usually works well, but there" +" are some cases where it doesn't. An example is async IO frameworks that " +"want to use a different IO multiplexing model than the \"select/poll on a " +"file descriptor\" (readiness based) model that is assumed by " +":class:`socket.socket` and by the internal OpenSSL socket IO routines. This " +"is mostly relevant for platforms like Windows where this model is not " +"efficient. For this purpose, a reduced scope variant of :class:`SSLSocket` " +"called :class:`SSLObject` is provided." +msgstr "" +"将 SSL 协议处理与网络 IO 结合使用通常都能运行良好，但在某些情况下则不能。 此情况的一个例子是 async IO 框架，该框架要使用不同的 IO" +" 多路复用模型而非 (基于就绪状态的) \"在文件描述器上执行选择/轮询\" 模型，该模型是 :class:`socket.socket` 和内部 " +"OpenSSL 套接字 IO 例程正常运行的假设前提。 这种情况在该模型效率不高的 Windows 平台上最为常见。 为此还提供了一个 " +":class:`SSLSocket` 的简化形式，称为 :class:`SSLObject`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2545 +msgid "" +"A reduced-scope variant of :class:`SSLSocket` representing an SSL protocol " +"instance that does not contain any network IO methods. This class is " +"typically used by framework authors that want to implement asynchronous IO " +"for SSL through memory buffers." +msgstr "" +":class:`SSLSocket` 的简化形式，表示一个不包含任何网络 IO 方法的 SSL 协议实例。 这个类通常由想要通过内存缓冲区为 SSL " +"实现异步 IO 的框架作者来使用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2550 +msgid "" +"This class implements an interface on top of a low-level SSL object as " +"implemented by OpenSSL. This object captures the state of an SSL connection " +"but does not provide any network IO itself. IO needs to be performed through" +" separate \"BIO\" objects which are OpenSSL's IO abstraction layer." +msgstr "" +"这个类在低层级 SSL 对象上实现了一个接口，与 OpenSSL 所实现的类似。 此对象会捕获 SSL 连接的状态但其本身不提供任何网络 IO。 IO " +"需要通过单独的 \"BIO\" 对象来执行，该对象是 OpenSSL 的 IO 抽象层。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2555 +msgid "" +"This class has no public constructor. An :class:`SSLObject` instance must " +"be created using the :meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_bio` method. This method will " +"create the :class:`SSLObject` instance and bind it to a pair of BIOs. The " +"*incoming* BIO is used to pass data from Python to the SSL protocol " +"instance, while the *outgoing* BIO is used to pass data the other way " +"around." +msgstr "" +"这个类没有公有构造器。 :class:`SSLObject` 实例必须使用 :meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_bio` 方法来创建。 " +"此方法将创建 :class:`SSLObject` 实例并将其绑定到一个 BIO 对。 其中 *incoming* BIO 用来将数据从 Python " +"传递到 SSL 协议实例，而 *outgoing* BIO 用来进行数据反向传递。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2562 +msgid "The following methods are available:" +msgstr "可以使用以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2564 +msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.context`" +msgstr ":attr:`~SSLSocket.context`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2565 +msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_side`" +msgstr ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_side`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2566 +msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_hostname`" +msgstr ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_hostname`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2567 +msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.session`" +msgstr ":attr:`~SSLSocket.session`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2568 +msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.session_reused`" +msgstr ":attr:`~SSLSocket.session_reused`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2569 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.read`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.read`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2570 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.write`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.write`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2571 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.getpeercert`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.getpeercert`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2572 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_verified_chain`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_verified_chain`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2573 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2574 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2575 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2576 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.cipher`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.cipher`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2577 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2578 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.compression`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.compression`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2579 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.pending`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.pending`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2580 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2581 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2582 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2583 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_channel_binding`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_channel_binding`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2584 +msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.version`" +msgstr ":meth:`~SSLSocket.version`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2586 +msgid "" +"When compared to :class:`SSLSocket`, this object lacks the following " +"features:" +msgstr "与 :class:`SSLSocket` 相比，此对象缺少下列特性:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2589 +msgid "" +"Any form of network IO; ``recv()`` and ``send()`` read and write only to the" +" underlying :class:`MemoryBIO` buffers." +msgstr "" +"任何形式的网络 IO; ``recv()`` 和 ``send()`` 仅对下层的 :class:`MemoryBIO` 缓冲区执行读取和写入。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2592 +msgid "" +"There is no *do_handshake_on_connect* machinery. You must always manually " +"call :meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake` to start the handshake." +msgstr "" +"不存在 *do_handshake_on_connect* 机制。 你必须总是手动调用 :meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake` " +"来开始握手操作。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2595 +msgid "" +"There is no handling of *suppress_ragged_eofs*. All end-of-file conditions " +"that are in violation of the protocol are reported via the " +":exc:`SSLEOFError` exception." +msgstr "" +"不存在对 *suppress_ragged_eofs* 的处理。 所有违反协议的文件结束条件将通过 :exc:`SSLEOFError` 异常来报告。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2599 +msgid "" +"The method :meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap` call does not return anything, unlike " +"for an SSL socket where it returns the underlying socket." +msgstr "方法 :meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap` 的调用不返回任何东西，不会如 SSL 套接字那样返回下层的套接字。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2602 +msgid "" +"The *server_name_callback* callback passed to " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_servername_callback` will get an :class:`SSLObject` " +"instance instead of a :class:`SSLSocket` instance as its first parameter." +msgstr "" +"*server_name_callback* 回调被传给 :meth:`SSLContext.set_servername_callback` " +"时将获得一个 :class:`SSLObject` 实例而非 :class:`SSLSocket` 实例作为其第一个形参。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2606 +msgid "Some notes related to the use of :class:`SSLObject`:" +msgstr "有关 :class:`SSLObject` 用法的一些说明:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2608 +msgid "" +"All IO on an :class:`SSLObject` is :ref:`non-blocking `. " +"This means that for example :meth:`~SSLSocket.read` will raise an " +":exc:`SSLWantReadError` if it needs more data than the incoming BIO has " +"available." +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`SSLObject` 上的所有 IO 都是 :ref:`非阻塞的 `。 这意味着例如 " +":meth:`~SSLSocket.read` 在其需要比 incoming BIO 可用的更多数据时将会引发 " +":exc:`SSLWantReadError`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2613 +msgid "" +":class:`SSLObject` instances must be created with " +":meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_bio`. In earlier versions, it was possible to create" +" instances directly. This was never documented or officially supported." +msgstr "" +":class:`SSLObject` 的实例必须使用 :meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_bio` 来创建。 " +"在较早的版本中，直接创建该实例是可能的。 但这从未被写入文档或是被正式支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2619 +msgid "" +"An SSLObject communicates with the outside world using memory buffers. The " +"class :class:`MemoryBIO` provides a memory buffer that can be used for this " +"purpose. It wraps an OpenSSL memory BIO (Basic IO) object:" +msgstr "" +"SSLObject 会使用内存缓冲区与外部世界通信。 :class:`MemoryBIO` 类提供了可被用于此目的的内存缓冲区。 它包装了一个 " +"OpenSSL 内存 BIO (Basic IO) 对象:" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2625 +msgid "" +"A memory buffer that can be used to pass data between Python and an SSL " +"protocol instance." +msgstr "一个可被用来在 Python 和 SSL 协议实例之间传递数据的内存缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2630 +msgid "Return the number of bytes currently in the memory buffer." +msgstr "返回当前存在于内存缓冲区的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2634 +msgid "" +"A boolean indicating whether the memory BIO is current at the end-of-file " +"position." +msgstr "一个表明内存 BIO 目前是否位于文件末尾的布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2639 +msgid "" +"Read up to *n* bytes from the memory buffer. If *n* is not specified or " +"negative, all bytes are returned." +msgstr "从内存缓冲区读取至多 *n* 个字节。 如果 *n* 未指定或为负值，则返回全部字节数据。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2644 +msgid "" +"Write the bytes from *buf* to the memory BIO. The *buf* argument must be an " +"object supporting the buffer protocol." +msgstr "将字节数据从 *buf* 写入到内存 BIO。 *buf* 参数必须为支持缓冲区协议的对象。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2647 +msgid "" +"The return value is the number of bytes written, which is always equal to " +"the length of *buf*." +msgstr "返回值为写入的字节数，它总是与 *buf* 的长度相等。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2652 +msgid "" +"Write an EOF marker to the memory BIO. After this method has been called, it" +" is illegal to call :meth:`~MemoryBIO.write`. The attribute :attr:`eof` will" +" become true after all data currently in the buffer has been read." +msgstr "" +"将一个 EOF 标记写入到内存 BIO。 在此方法被调用以后，再调用 :meth:`~MemoryBIO.write` 将是非法的。 属性 " +":attr:`eof` will 在缓冲区当前的所有数据都被读取之后将变为真值。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2658 +msgid "SSL session" +msgstr "SSL 会话" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2664 +msgid "Session object used by :attr:`~SSLSocket.session`." +msgstr ":attr:`~SSLSocket.session` 所使用的会话对象。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2676 +msgid "Security considerations" +msgstr "安全考量" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2679 +msgid "Best defaults" +msgstr "最佳默认值" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2681 +msgid "" +"For **client use**, if you don't have any special requirements for your " +"security policy, it is highly recommended that you use the " +":func:`create_default_context` function to create your SSL context. It will " +"load the system's trusted CA certificates, enable certificate validation and" +" hostname checking, and try to choose reasonably secure protocol and cipher " +"settings." +msgstr "" +"针对 **客户端使用**，如果你对于安全策略没有任何特殊要求，则强烈推荐你使用 :func:`create_default_context` " +"函数来创建你的 SSL 上下文。 它将加载系统的受信任 CA 证书，启用证书验证和主机名检查，并尝试合理地选择安全的协议和密码设置。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2688 +msgid "" +"For example, here is how you would use the :class:`smtplib.SMTP` class to " +"create a trusted, secure connection to a SMTP server::" +msgstr "例如，以下演示了你应当如何使用 :class:`smtplib.SMTP` 类来创建指向一个 SMTP 服务器的受信任且安全的连接::" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2691 +msgid "" +">>> import ssl, smtplib\n" +">>> smtp = smtplib.SMTP(\"mail.python.org\", port=587)\n" +">>> context = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +">>> smtp.starttls(context=context)\n" +"(220, b'2.0.0 Ready to start TLS')" +msgstr "" +">>> import ssl, smtplib\n" +">>> smtp = smtplib.SMTP(\"mail.python.org\", port=587)\n" +">>> context = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +">>> smtp.starttls(context=context)\n" +"(220, b'2.0.0 Ready to start TLS')" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2697 +msgid "" +"If a client certificate is needed for the connection, it can be added with " +":meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain`." +msgstr "如果连接需要客户端证书，可使用 :meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain` 来添加。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2700 +msgid "" +"By contrast, if you create the SSL context by calling the " +":class:`SSLContext` constructor yourself, it will not have certificate " +"validation nor hostname checking enabled by default. If you do so, please " +"read the paragraphs below to achieve a good security level." +msgstr "" +"作为对比，如果你通过自行调用 :class:`SSLContext` 构造器来创建 SSL 上下文，它默认将不会启用证书验证和主机名检查。 " +"如果你这样做，请阅读下面的段落以达到良好的安全级别。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2706 +msgid "Manual settings" +msgstr "手动设置" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2709 +msgid "Verifying certificates" +msgstr "验证证书" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2711 +msgid "" +"When calling the :class:`SSLContext` constructor directly, " +":const:`CERT_NONE` is the default. Since it does not authenticate the other" +" peer, it can be insecure, especially in client mode where most of the time " +"you would like to ensure the authenticity of the server you're talking to. " +"Therefore, when in client mode, it is highly recommended to use " +":const:`CERT_REQUIRED`. However, it is in itself not sufficient; you also " +"have to check that the server certificate, which can be obtained by calling " +":meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`, matches the desired service. For many " +"protocols and applications, the service can be identified by the hostname. " +"This common check is automatically performed when " +":attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` is enabled." +msgstr "" +"当直接调用 :class:`SSLContext` 构造器时，默认值为 :const:`CERT_NONE`。 " +"由于它不会验证对端的身份，因而是不安全的，特别是在大部分时间里你都希望能确保与你通信的服务器的可靠性的客户端模式下。 " +"为此，当在客户端模式下，强烈建议使用 :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`。 但是，仅靠它本身是不够的；你还必须检查服务器证书，它可通过调用 " +":meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert` 来获取，确定它与目标服务相匹配。 对于许多协议和应用程序来说，服务可通过主机名来进行标识。 " +"这种通用检查会在 :attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` 已启用时自动执行。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2723 +msgid "" +"Hostname matchings is now performed by OpenSSL. Python no longer uses " +":func:`match_hostname`." +msgstr "主机名匹配现在是由 OpenSSL 来执行的。 Python 不会再使用 :func:`match_hostname`。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2727 +msgid "" +"In server mode, if you want to authenticate your clients using the SSL layer" +" (rather than using a higher-level authentication mechanism), you'll also " +"have to specify :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` and similarly check the client " +"certificate." +msgstr "" +"在服务器模式下，如果你想要使用 SSL 层来验证客户端（而不是使用更高层级的验证机制），你也必须要指定 :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` " +"并以类似方式检查客户端证书。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2733 +msgid "Protocol versions" +msgstr "协议版本" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2735 +msgid "" +"SSL versions 2 and 3 are considered insecure and are therefore dangerous to " +"use. If you want maximum compatibility between clients and servers, it is " +"recommended to use :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` or " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` as the protocol version. SSLv2 and SSLv3 are " +"disabled by default." +msgstr "" +"SSL 版本 2 和 3 被认为是不安全的因而使用它们会有风险。 如果你想要客户端和服务器之间有最大的兼容性，推荐使用 " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 或 :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` 作为协议版本。 SSLv2 和 " +"SSLv3 默认会被禁用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2743 +msgid "" +">>> client_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +">>> client_context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3\n" +">>> client_context.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3" +msgstr "" +">>> client_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)\n" +">>> client_context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3\n" +">>> client_context.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2748 +msgid "" +"The SSL context created above will only allow TLSv1.3 and later (if " +"supported by your system) connections to a server. " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` implies certificate validation and hostname " +"checks by default. You have to load certificates into the context." +msgstr "" +"上面创建的 SSL 上下文将只允许与服务器进行 TLSv1.3 及更高版本（如果你的系统支持）的连接。 在默认情况下 " +":const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 将使用证书验证和主机名检查。 你必须将证书加载到上下文中。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2755 +msgid "Cipher selection" +msgstr "密码选择" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2757 +msgid "" +"If you have advanced security requirements, fine-tuning of the ciphers " +"enabled when negotiating a SSL session is possible through the " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` method. Starting from Python 3.2.3, the ssl " +"module disables certain weak ciphers by default, but you may want to further" +" restrict the cipher choice. Be sure to read OpenSSL's documentation about " +"the `cipher list format " +"`_. If you " +"want to check which ciphers are enabled by a given cipher list, use " +":meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` or the ``openssl ciphers`` command on your " +"system." +msgstr "" +"如果你有更高级的安全要求，也可通过 :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` 方法在协商 SSL 会话时对启用的加密进行微调。 从 " +"Python 3.2.3 开始，ssl 模块默认禁用了某些较弱的加密，但你还可能希望进一步限制加密选项。 请确保仔细阅读有关 `加密列表格式 " +"`_ 的 " +"OpenSSL 文档。 如果你想要检查给定的加密列表启用了哪些加密，可以使用 :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` " +"或你所用系统的 ``openssl ciphers`` 命令。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2768 +msgid "Multi-processing" +msgstr "多进程" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2770 +msgid "" +"If using this module as part of a multi-processed application (using, for " +"example the :mod:`multiprocessing` or :mod:`concurrent.futures` modules), be" +" aware that OpenSSL's internal random number generator does not properly " +"handle forked processes. Applications must change the PRNG state of the " +"parent process if they use any SSL feature with :func:`os.fork`. Any " +"successful call of :func:`~ssl.RAND_add` or :func:`~ssl.RAND_bytes` is " +"sufficient." +msgstr "" +"如果使用此模块作为多进程应用的一部分（例如，使用 :mod:`multiprocessing` 或 :mod:`concurrent.futures` " +"模块），请注意 OpenSSL 的内部随机数字生成器并不能正确处理分叉的进程。 应用程序必须修改父进程的 PRNG 状态，如果它们要使用任何包含 " +":func:`os.fork` 的 SSL 特征的话。 任何对 :func:`~ssl.RAND_add` 或 " +":func:`~ssl.RAND_bytes` 的成功调用都可以做到这一点。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2782 +msgid "TLS 1.3" +msgstr "TLS 1.3" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2786 +msgid "" +"The TLS 1.3 protocol behaves slightly differently than previous version of " +"TLS/SSL. Some new TLS 1.3 features are not yet available." +msgstr "TLS 1.3 协议的行为与低版本的 TLS/SSL 略有不同。某些 TLS 1.3 新特性还不可用。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2789 +msgid "" +"TLS 1.3 uses a disjunct set of cipher suites. All AES-GCM and ChaCha20 " +"cipher suites are enabled by default. The method " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` cannot enable or disable any TLS 1.3 ciphers " +"yet, but :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` returns them." +msgstr "" +"TLS 1.3 使用一组不同的加密套件集。 默认情况下所有 AES-GCM 和 ChaCha20 加密套件都会被启用。 " +":meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` 方法还不能启用或禁用任何 TLS 1.3 加密，但 " +":meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` 会返回它们。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2793 +msgid "" +"Session tickets are no longer sent as part of the initial handshake and are " +"handled differently. :attr:`SSLSocket.session` and :class:`SSLSession` are " +"not compatible with TLS 1.3." +msgstr "" +"会话凭据不再会作为初始握手的组成部分被发送而是以不同的方式来处理。 :attr:`SSLSocket.session` 和 " +":class:`SSLSession` 与 TLS 1.3 不兼容。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2796 +msgid "" +"Client-side certificates are also no longer verified during the initial " +"handshake. A server can request a certificate at any time. Clients process" +" certificate requests while they send or receive application data from the " +"server." +msgstr "客户端证书在初始握手期间也不会再被验证。 服务器可以在任何时候请求证书。 客户端会在它们从服务器发送或接收应用数据时处理证书请求。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2800 +msgid "" +"TLS 1.3 features like early data, deferred TLS client cert request, " +"signature algorithm configuration, and rekeying are not supported yet." +msgstr "早期数据、延迟的 TLS 客户端证书请求、签名算法配置和密钥重生成等 TLS 1.3 特性尚未被支持。" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2806 +msgid "Class :class:`socket.socket`" +msgstr "Class :class:`socket.socket`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2807 +msgid "Documentation of underlying :mod:`socket` class" +msgstr "下层 :mod:`socket` 类的文档" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2809 +msgid "" +"`SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: An Introduction " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`SSL/TLS 高强度加密：概述 " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2810 +msgid "Intro from the Apache HTTP Server documentation" +msgstr "Apache HTTP Server文档介绍" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2812 +msgid "" +":rfc:`RFC 1422: Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: " +"Certificate-Based Key Management <1422>`" +msgstr ":rfc:`RFC 1422: 因特网电子邮件的隐私加强：第二部分：基于证书的密钥管理 <1422>`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2813 +msgid "Steve Kent" +msgstr "Steve Kent" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2815 +msgid ":rfc:`RFC 4086: Randomness Requirements for Security <4086>`" +msgstr ":rfc:`RFC 4086: 确保安全的随机性要求 <4086>`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2816 +msgid "Donald E., Jeffrey I. Schiller" +msgstr "Donald E., Jeffrey I. Schiller" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2818 +msgid "" +":rfc:`RFC 5280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and " +"Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile <5280>`" +msgstr ":rfc:`RFC 5280: 互联网 X.509 公钥基础架构证书和证书吊销列表 (CRL) 配置文件 <5280>`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2819 +msgid "D. Cooper" +msgstr "D. Cooper" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2821 +msgid "" +":rfc:`RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 " +"<5246>`" +msgstr ":rfc:`RFC 5246: 传输层安全性 (TLS) 协议版本 1.2 <5246>`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2822 +msgid "T. Dierks et. al." +msgstr "T. Dierks et. al." + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2824 +msgid ":rfc:`RFC 6066: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <6066>`" +msgstr ":rfc:`RFC 6066: 传输层安全性 (TLS) 的扩展 <6066>`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2825 +msgid "D. Eastlake" +msgstr "D. Eastlake" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2827 +msgid "" +"`IANA TLS: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Parameters " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`IANA TLS: 传输层安全性 (TLS) 的参数 `_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2828 +msgid "IANA" +msgstr "IANA" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2830 +msgid "" +":rfc:`RFC 7525: Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer Security " +"(TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) <7525>`" +msgstr ":rfc:`RFC 7525: 传输层安全性 (TLS) 和数据报传输层安全性 (DTLS) 的安全使用建议 <7525>`" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2831 +msgid "IETF" +msgstr "IETF" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2833 +msgid "" +"`Mozilla's Server Side TLS recommendations " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`Mozilla 的服务器端 TLS 建议 `_" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2834 +msgid "Mozilla" +msgstr "Mozilla" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:12 +msgid "OpenSSL" +msgstr "OpenSSL" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:12 +msgid "(use in module ssl)" +msgstr "(在 ssl 模块中使用)" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:14 +msgid "TLS" +msgstr "TLS" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:14 +msgid "SSL" +msgstr "SSL" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:14 +msgid "Transport Layer Security" +msgstr "Transport Layer Security" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:14 +msgid "Secure Sockets Layer" +msgstr "Secure Sockets Layer" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2145 +msgid "certificates" +msgstr "certificates" + +#: ../../library/ssl.rst:2147 +msgid "X509 certificate" +msgstr "X509 证书" diff --git a/library/stat.po b/library/stat.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68c0f26d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/stat.po @@ -0,0 +1,539 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!stat` --- Interpreting :func:`~os.stat` results" +msgstr ":mod:`!stat` --- 解释 :func:`~os.stat` 的结果" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/stat.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/stat.py`" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`stat` module defines constants and functions for interpreting the " +"results of :func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat` and :func:`os.lstat` (if they " +"exist). For complete details about the :c:func:`stat`, :c:func:`!fstat` and" +" :c:func:`!lstat` calls, consult the documentation for your system." +msgstr "" +":mod:`stat` 模块定义了一些用于解读 :func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat` 和 :func:`os.lstat`" +" (如果它们存在) 输出结果的常量和函数。 有关 :c:func:`stat`, :c:func:`!fstat` 和 :c:func:`!lstat`" +" 调用的完整细节，请参阅你的系统文档。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:19 +msgid "The stat module is backed by a C implementation." +msgstr "stat 模块是通过 C 实现来支持的。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`stat` module defines the following functions to test for specific " +"file types:" +msgstr ":mod:`stat` 模块定义了以下函数来检测特定文件类型：" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:28 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a directory." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个目录则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:33 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a character special device file." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个字符特殊设备文件则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:38 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a block special device file." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个块特殊设备文件则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:43 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a regular file." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个常规文件则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:48 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a FIFO (named pipe)." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个 FIFO (命名管道) 则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:53 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a symbolic link." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个符号链接则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:58 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a socket." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个套接字则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:62 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a door." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个门则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:68 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from an event port." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个事件端口则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:74 +msgid "Return non-zero if the mode is from a whiteout." +msgstr "如果 mode 来自一个白输出则返回非零值。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Two additional functions are defined for more general manipulation of the " +"file's mode:" +msgstr "定义了两个附加函数用于对文件模式进行更一般化的操作：" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Return the portion of the file's mode that can be set by :func:`os.chmod`\\ " +"---that is, the file's permission bits, plus the sticky bit, set-group-id, " +"and set-user-id bits (on systems that support them)." +msgstr "" +"返回文件模式中可由 :func:`os.chmod` 进行设置的部分 --- 即文件的 permission 位，加上 sticky 位、set-" +"group-id 以及 set-user-id 位（在支持这些部分的系统上）。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Return the portion of the file's mode that describes the file type (used by " +"the :func:`!S_IS\\*` functions above)." +msgstr "返回文件模式中描述文件类型的部分（供上面的 :func:`!S_IS\\*` 函数使用）。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Normally, you would use the :func:`!os.path.is\\*` functions for testing the" +" type of a file; the functions here are useful when you are doing multiple " +"tests of the same file and wish to avoid the overhead of the :c:func:`stat` " +"system call for each test. These are also useful when checking for " +"information about a file that isn't handled by :mod:`os.path`, like the " +"tests for block and character devices." +msgstr "" +"通常，你将使用 :func:`!os.path.is\\*` 函数来检测文件的类型；这里提供的函数在你要对同一文件执行多项检测并且希望避免每项检测的 " +":c:func:`stat` 系统调用的开销时会很有用。 这些函数也适用于检测有关未被 :mod:`os.path` 处理的信息，如检测块和字符设备等。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:101 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:103 +msgid "" +"import os, sys\n" +"from stat import *\n" +"\n" +"def walktree(top, callback):\n" +" '''recursively descend the directory tree rooted at top,\n" +" calling the callback function for each regular file'''\n" +"\n" +" for f in os.listdir(top):\n" +" pathname = os.path.join(top, f)\n" +" mode = os.lstat(pathname).st_mode\n" +" if S_ISDIR(mode):\n" +" # It's a directory, recurse into it\n" +" walktree(pathname, callback)\n" +" elif S_ISREG(mode):\n" +" # It's a file, call the callback function\n" +" callback(pathname)\n" +" else:\n" +" # Unknown file type, print a message\n" +" print('Skipping %s' % pathname)\n" +"\n" +"def visitfile(file):\n" +" print('visiting', file)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" walktree(sys.argv[1], visitfile)" +msgstr "" +"import os, sys\n" +"from stat import *\n" +"\n" +"def walktree(top, callback):\n" +" '''在根位于顶部的目录树中递归地下行，\n" +" 为每个常规文件调用回调函数'''\n" +"\n" +" for f in os.listdir(top):\n" +" pathname = os.path.join(top, f)\n" +" mode = os.lstat(pathname).st_mode\n" +" if S_ISDIR(mode):\n" +" # 是个目录，递归进去\n" +" walktree(pathname, callback)\n" +" elif S_ISREG(mode):\n" +" # 是个文件，调用回调函数\n" +" callback(pathname)\n" +" else:\n" +" # 未知文件类型，打印一条消息\n" +" print('Skipping %s' % pathname)\n" +"\n" +"def visitfile(file):\n" +" print('visiting', file)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" walktree(sys.argv[1], visitfile)" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:129 +msgid "" +"An additional utility function is provided to convert a file's mode in a " +"human readable string:" +msgstr "另外还提供了一个附加的辅助函数用来将文件模式转换为人类易读的字符串：" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:134 +msgid "Convert a file's mode to a string of the form '-rwxrwxrwx'." +msgstr "将文件模式转换为 '-rwxrwxrwx' 形式的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:138 +msgid "" +"The function supports :data:`S_IFDOOR`, :data:`S_IFPORT` and " +":data:`S_IFWHT`." +msgstr "此函数支持 :data:`S_IFDOOR`, :data:`S_IFPORT` and :data:`S_IFWHT`。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:143 +msgid "" +"All the variables below are simply symbolic indexes into the 10-tuple " +"returned by :func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat` or :func:`os.lstat`." +msgstr "" +"以下所有变量是一些简单的符号索引，用于访问 :func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat` 或 :func:`os.lstat` " +"所返回的 10 条目元组。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:149 +msgid "Inode protection mode." +msgstr "inode 保护模式。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:154 +msgid "Inode number." +msgstr "Inode 号" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:159 +msgid "Device inode resides on." +msgstr "Inode 所在的设备。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:164 +msgid "Number of links to the inode." +msgstr "Inode 拥有的链接数量。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:169 +msgid "User id of the owner." +msgstr "所有者的用户 ID。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:174 +msgid "Group id of the owner." +msgstr "所有者的用户组ID。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Size in bytes of a plain file; amount of data waiting on some special files." +msgstr "以字节为单位的普通文件大小；对于某些特殊文件则是所等待的数据量。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:184 +msgid "Time of last access." +msgstr "上次访问的时间。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:189 +msgid "Time of last modification." +msgstr "上次修改的时间。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The \"ctime\" as reported by the operating system. On some systems (like " +"Unix) is the time of the last metadata change, and, on others (like " +"Windows), is the creation time (see platform documentation for details)." +msgstr "" +"操作系统所报告的 \"ctime\"。 在某些系统上（例如 Unix）是元数据的最后修改时间，而在其他系统上（例如 " +"Windows）则是创建时间（请参阅系统平台的文档了解相关细节）。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:198 +msgid "" +"The interpretation of \"file size\" changes according to the file type. For" +" plain files this is the size of the file in bytes. For FIFOs and sockets " +"under most flavors of Unix (including Linux in particular), the \"size\" is " +"the number of bytes waiting to be read at the time of the call to " +":func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat`, or :func:`os.lstat`; this can sometimes " +"be useful, especially for polling one of these special files after a non-" +"blocking open. The meaning of the size field for other character and block " +"devices varies more, depending on the implementation of the underlying " +"system call." +msgstr "" +"对于“文件大小”的解析可因文件类型的不同而变化。 对于普通文件就是文件的字节数。 对于大部分种类的 Unix（特别包括 Linux）的 FIFO " +"和套接字来说，“大小”则是指在调用 :func:`os.stat`, :func:`os.fstat` 或 :func:`os.lstat` " +"时等待读取的字节数；这在某些时候很有用处，特别是在一个非阻塞的打开后轮询这些特殊文件中的一个时。 " +"其他字符和块设备的文件大小字段的含义还会有更多变化，具体取决于底层系统调用的实现方式。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:207 +msgid "" +"The variables below define the flags used in the :data:`ST_MODE` field." +msgstr "以下变量定义了在 :data:`ST_MODE` 字段中使用的旗标。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Use of the functions above is more portable than use of the first set of " +"flags:" +msgstr "使用上面的函数会比使用第一组旗标更容易移植：" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:213 +msgid "Socket." +msgstr "套接字。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:217 +msgid "Symbolic link." +msgstr "符号链接。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:221 +msgid "Regular file." +msgstr "普通文件。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:225 +msgid "Block device." +msgstr "块设备。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:229 +msgid "Directory." +msgstr "目录。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:233 +msgid "Character device." +msgstr "字符设备。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:237 +msgid "FIFO." +msgstr "先进先出。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:241 +msgid "Door." +msgstr "门。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:247 +msgid "Event port." +msgstr "事件端口。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:253 +msgid "Whiteout." +msgstr "白输出。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:259 +msgid "" +":data:`S_IFDOOR`, :data:`S_IFPORT` or :data:`S_IFWHT` are defined as 0 when " +"the platform does not have support for the file types." +msgstr "" +":data:`S_IFDOOR`, :data:`S_IFPORT` or :data:`S_IFWHT` 等文件类型在不受系统平台支持时会被定义为 " +"0。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:262 +msgid "" +"The following flags can also be used in the *mode* argument of " +":func:`os.chmod`:" +msgstr "以下旗标还可以 :func:`os.chmod` 的在 *mode* 参数中使用：" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:266 +msgid "Set UID bit." +msgstr "设置 UID 位。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Set-group-ID bit. This bit has several special uses. For a directory it " +"indicates that BSD semantics is to be used for that directory: files created" +" there inherit their group ID from the directory, not from the effective " +"group ID of the creating process, and directories created there will also " +"get the :data:`S_ISGID` bit set. For a file that does not have the group " +"execution bit (:data:`S_IXGRP`) set, the set-group-ID bit indicates " +"mandatory file/record locking (see also :data:`S_ENFMT`)." +msgstr "" +"设置分组 ID 位。 这个位有几种特殊用途。 对于目录它表示该目录将使用 BSD 语义：在其中创建的文件将从目录继承其分组 " +"ID，而不是从创建进程的有效分组 ID 继承，并且在其中创建的目录也将设置 :data:`S_ISGID` 位。 对于没有设置分组执行位 " +"(:data:`S_IXGRP`) 的文件，设置分组 ID 位表示强制性文件/记录锁定 (另请参见 :data:`S_ENFMT`)。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Sticky bit. When this bit is set on a directory it means that a file in " +"that directory can be renamed or deleted only by the owner of the file, by " +"the owner of the directory, or by a privileged process." +msgstr "固定位。 当对目录设置该位时则意味着此目录中的文件只能由文件所有者、目录所有者或特权进程来重命名或删除。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:287 +msgid "Mask for file owner permissions." +msgstr "文件所有者权限的掩码。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:291 +msgid "Owner has read permission." +msgstr "所有者具有读取权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:295 +msgid "Owner has write permission." +msgstr "所有者具有写入权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:299 +msgid "Owner has execute permission." +msgstr "所有者具有执行权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:303 +msgid "Mask for group permissions." +msgstr "组权限的掩码。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:307 +msgid "Group has read permission." +msgstr "组具有读取权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:311 +msgid "Group has write permission." +msgstr "组具有写入权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:315 +msgid "Group has execute permission." +msgstr "组具有执行权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:319 +msgid "Mask for permissions for others (not in group)." +msgstr "其他人（不在组中）的权限掩码。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:323 +msgid "Others have read permission." +msgstr "其他人具有读取权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:327 +msgid "Others have write permission." +msgstr "其他人具有写入权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:331 +msgid "Others have execute permission." +msgstr "其他人具有执行权限。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:335 +msgid "" +"System V file locking enforcement. This flag is shared with " +":data:`S_ISGID`: file/record locking is enforced on files that do not have " +"the group execution bit (:data:`S_IXGRP`) set." +msgstr "" +"System V 执行文件锁定。 此旗标是与 :data:`S_ISGID` 共享的：文件/记录锁定会针对未设置分组执行位 " +"(:data:`S_IXGRP`) 的文件强制执行。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:341 +msgid "Unix V7 synonym for :data:`S_IRUSR`." +msgstr "Unix V7 中 :data:`S_IRUSR` 的同义词。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:345 +msgid "Unix V7 synonym for :data:`S_IWUSR`." +msgstr "Unix V7 中 :data:`S_IWUSR` 的同义词。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:349 +msgid "Unix V7 synonym for :data:`S_IXUSR`." +msgstr "Unix V7 中 :data:`S_IXUSR` 的同义词。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:351 +msgid "" +"The following flags can be used in the *flags* argument of " +":func:`os.chflags`:" +msgstr "以下旗标可以在 :func:`os.chflags` 的 *flags* 参数中使用：" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:355 +msgid "All user settable flags." +msgstr "所有用户可设置的旗标。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:361 +msgid "Do not dump the file." +msgstr "不要转储文件。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:365 ../../library/stat.rst:427 +msgid "The file may not be changed." +msgstr "文件不能被更改。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:369 ../../library/stat.rst:431 +msgid "The file may only be appended to." +msgstr "文件只能被附加。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:373 +msgid "The directory is opaque when viewed through a union stack." +msgstr "当通过联合堆栈查看时，目录是不透明的。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:377 ../../library/stat.rst:441 +msgid "The file may not be renamed or deleted." +msgstr "文件不能重命名或删除。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:381 +msgid "The file is stored compressed (macOS 10.6+)." +msgstr "文件是压缩存储的（macOS 10.6+）。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:385 +msgid "Used for handling document IDs (macOS)" +msgstr "用于处理文档 ID (macOS)" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:391 +msgid "The file needs an entitlement for reading or writing (macOS 10.13+)" +msgstr "文件需要赋予读取或写入权限 (macOS 10.13+)" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:397 +msgid "The file should not be displayed in a GUI (macOS 10.5+)." +msgstr "文件不可被显示在 GUI 中（macOS 10.5+）。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:401 +msgid "All super-user changeable flags" +msgstr "所有超级用户可修改的旗标" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:407 +msgid "All super-user supported flags" +msgstr "所有超级用户支持的旗标" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:409 ../../library/stat.rst:417 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:415 +msgid "All super-user read-only synthetic flags" +msgstr "所有超级用户只读的合成旗标" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:423 +msgid "The file may be archived." +msgstr "文件可能已存档。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:435 +msgid "The file needs an entitlement to write to (macOS 10.13+)" +msgstr "文件需要赋予写入权限 (macOS 10.13+)" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:445 +msgid "The file is a snapshot file." +msgstr "文件有一个快照文件" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:449 +msgid "The file is a firmlink (macOS 10.15+)" +msgstr "文件是一个固定链接 (macOS 10.15+)" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:455 +msgid "The file is a dataless object (macOS 10.15+)" +msgstr "文件是一个无数据对象 (macOS 10.15+)" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:459 +msgid "" +"See the \\*BSD or macOS systems man page :manpage:`chflags(2)` for more " +"information." +msgstr "请参阅 \\*BSD 或 macOS 系统的指南页 :manpage:`chflags(2)` 来了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:461 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the following file attribute constants are available for use " +"when testing bits in the ``st_file_attributes`` member returned by " +":func:`os.stat`. See the `Windows API documentation " +"`_ " +"for more detail on the meaning of these constants." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，以下文件属性常量可被用来检测 :func:`os.stat` 所返回的 ``st_file_attributes`` " +"成员中的位。 请参阅 `Windows API 文档 `_ 了解有关这些常量含义的详情。" + +#: ../../library/stat.rst:487 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the following constants are available for comparing against the " +"``st_reparse_tag`` member returned by :func:`os.lstat`. These are well-known" +" constants, but are not an exhaustive list." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，以下常量可被用来与 :func:`os.lstat` 所返回的 ``st_reparse_tag`` 成员进行比较。 " +"这些是最主要的常量，而不是详尽的清单。" diff --git a/library/statistics.po b/library/statistics.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a5b3bb3b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/statistics.po @@ -0,0 +1,2050 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!statistics` --- Mathematical statistics functions" +msgstr ":mod:`!statistics` --- 数字统计函数" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:22 +msgid "" +"This module provides functions for calculating mathematical statistics of " +"numeric (:class:`~numbers.Real`-valued) data." +msgstr "该模块提供了用于计算数字 (:class:`~numbers.Real`-valued) 数据的数理统计量的函数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The module is not intended to be a competitor to third-party libraries such " +"as `NumPy `_, `SciPy `_, or " +"proprietary full-featured statistics packages aimed at professional " +"statisticians such as Minitab, SAS and Matlab. It is aimed at the level of " +"graphing and scientific calculators." +msgstr "" +"此模块并不是诸如 `NumPy `_, `SciPy `_ " +"等第三方库或者诸如 Minitab, SAS 和 Matlab 等针对专业统计学家的专有全功能统计软件包的竞品。 此模块针对图形和科学计算器的水平。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Unless explicitly noted, these functions support :class:`int`, " +":class:`float`, :class:`~decimal.Decimal` and :class:`~fractions.Fraction`. " +"Behaviour with other types (whether in the numeric tower or not) is " +"currently unsupported. Collections with a mix of types are also undefined " +"and implementation-dependent. If your input data consists of mixed types, " +"you may be able to use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, for " +"example: ``map(float, input_data)``." +msgstr "" +"除非明确注释，这些函数支持 :class:`int` ， :class:`float` ， :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 和 " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction` " +"。当前不支持同其他类型（是否在数字塔中）的行为。混合类型的集合也是未定义的，并且依赖于实现。如果你输入的数据由混合类型组成，你应该能够使用 " +":func:`map` 来确保一个一致的结果，比如： ``map(float, input_data)`` 。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Some datasets use ``NaN`` (not a number) values to represent missing data. " +"Since NaNs have unusual comparison semantics, they cause surprising or " +"undefined behaviors in the statistics functions that sort data or that count" +" occurrences. The functions affected are ``median()``, ``median_low()``, " +"``median_high()``, ``median_grouped()``, ``mode()``, ``multimode()``, and " +"``quantiles()``. The ``NaN`` values should be stripped before calling these" +" functions::" +msgstr "" +"某些数据集合类型使用 ``NaN`` (not a number) 值来代表缺失的数据。 由于 NaN " +"具有特殊的比较语义，它们会在数据排序或计数等统计函数中产生怪异或未定义的行为。 受影响的函数有 ``median()``, " +"``median_low()``, ``median_high()``, ``median_grouped()``, ``mode()``, " +"``multimode()`` 和 ``quantiles()``。 ``NaN`` 值应当在调用这些函数之前被去除::" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:47 +msgid "" +">>> from statistics import median\n" +">>> from math import isnan\n" +">>> from itertools import filterfalse\n" +"\n" +">>> data = [20.7, float('NaN'),19.2, 18.3, float('NaN'), 14.4]\n" +">>> sorted(data) # This has surprising behavior\n" +"[20.7, nan, 14.4, 18.3, 19.2, nan]\n" +">>> median(data) # This result is unexpected\n" +"16.35\n" +"\n" +">>> sum(map(isnan, data)) # Number of missing values\n" +"2\n" +">>> clean = list(filterfalse(isnan, data)) # Strip NaN values\n" +">>> clean\n" +"[20.7, 19.2, 18.3, 14.4]\n" +">>> sorted(clean) # Sorting now works as expected\n" +"[14.4, 18.3, 19.2, 20.7]\n" +">>> median(clean) # This result is now well defined\n" +"18.75" +msgstr "" +">>> from statistics import median\n" +">>> from math import isnan\n" +">>> from itertools import filterfalse\n" +"\n" +">>> data = [20.7, float('NaN'),19.2, 18.3, float('NaN'), 14.4]\n" +">>> sorted(data) # 这将有令人惊讶的行为\n" +"[20.7, nan, 14.4, 18.3, 19.2, nan]\n" +">>> median(data) # 这个结果不符合预期\n" +"16.35\n" +"\n" +">>> sum(map(isnan, data)) # 缺失值的数量\n" +"2\n" +">>> clean = list(filterfalse(isnan, data)) # 去除 NaN 值\n" +">>> clean\n" +"[20.7, 19.2, 18.3, 14.4]\n" +">>> sorted(clean) # 现在排序将符合预期\n" +"[14.4, 18.3, 19.2, 20.7]\n" +">>> median(clean) # 现在这个结果有良好定义的\n" +"18.75" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:69 +msgid "Averages and measures of central location" +msgstr "平均值以及对中心位置的评估" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:71 +msgid "" +"These functions calculate an average or typical value from a population or " +"sample." +msgstr "这些函数用于计算一个总体或样本的平均值或者典型值。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:75 +msgid ":func:`mean`" +msgstr ":func:`mean`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:75 +msgid "Arithmetic mean (\"average\") of data." +msgstr "数据的算术平均数（“平均数”）。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:76 +msgid ":func:`fmean`" +msgstr ":func:`fmean`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:76 +msgid "Fast, floating-point arithmetic mean, with optional weighting." +msgstr "快速的浮点算术平均值，带有可选的权重设置。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:77 +msgid ":func:`geometric_mean`" +msgstr ":func:`geometric_mean`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:77 +msgid "Geometric mean of data." +msgstr "数据的几何平均数" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:78 +msgid ":func:`harmonic_mean`" +msgstr ":func:`harmonic_mean`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:78 +msgid "Harmonic mean of data." +msgstr "数据的调和均值" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:79 +msgid ":func:`kde`" +msgstr ":func:`kde`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:79 +msgid "Estimate the probability density distribution of the data." +msgstr "估算数据的概率密度分布。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:80 +msgid ":func:`kde_random`" +msgstr ":func:`kde_random`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:80 +msgid "Random sampling from the PDF generated by kde()." +msgstr "对由 kde() 生成的 PDF 进行随机采样。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:81 +msgid ":func:`median`" +msgstr ":func:`median`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:81 +msgid "Median (middle value) of data." +msgstr "数据的中位数（中间值）" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:82 +msgid ":func:`median_low`" +msgstr ":func:`median_low`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:82 +msgid "Low median of data." +msgstr "数据的低中位数" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:83 +msgid ":func:`median_high`" +msgstr ":func:`median_high`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:83 +msgid "High median of data." +msgstr "数据的高中位数" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:84 +msgid ":func:`median_grouped`" +msgstr ":func:`median_grouped`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:84 +msgid "Median (50th percentile) of grouped data." +msgstr "分组数据的中位数（即第 50 个百分点的位置）。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:85 +msgid ":func:`mode`" +msgstr ":func:`mode`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:85 +msgid "Single mode (most common value) of discrete or nominal data." +msgstr "离散的或标称的数据的单个众数（出现最多的值）。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:86 +msgid ":func:`multimode`" +msgstr ":func:`multimode`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:86 +msgid "List of modes (most common values) of discrete or nominal data." +msgstr "离散的或标称的数据的众数（出现最多的值）列表。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:87 +msgid ":func:`quantiles`" +msgstr ":func:`quantiles`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:87 +msgid "Divide data into intervals with equal probability." +msgstr "将数据以相等的概率分为多个间隔。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:91 +msgid "Measures of spread" +msgstr "对分散程度的评估" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:93 +msgid "" +"These functions calculate a measure of how much the population or sample " +"tends to deviate from the typical or average values." +msgstr "这些函数用于计算总体或样本与典型值或平均值的偏离程度。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:97 +msgid ":func:`pstdev`" +msgstr ":func:`pstdev`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:97 +msgid "Population standard deviation of data." +msgstr "数据的总体标准差" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:98 +msgid ":func:`pvariance`" +msgstr ":func:`pvariance`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:98 +msgid "Population variance of data." +msgstr "数据的总体方差" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:99 +msgid ":func:`stdev`" +msgstr ":func:`stdev`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:99 +msgid "Sample standard deviation of data." +msgstr "数据的样本标准差" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:100 +msgid ":func:`variance`" +msgstr ":func:`variance`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:100 +msgid "Sample variance of data." +msgstr "数据的样本方差" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:104 +msgid "Statistics for relations between two inputs" +msgstr "对两个输入之间关系的统计" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:106 +msgid "" +"These functions calculate statistics regarding relations between two inputs." +msgstr "这些函数计算两个输入之间关系的统计值。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:109 +msgid ":func:`covariance`" +msgstr ":func:`covariance`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:109 +msgid "Sample covariance for two variables." +msgstr "两个变量的样本协方差。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:110 +msgid ":func:`correlation`" +msgstr ":func:`correlation`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:110 +msgid "Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients." +msgstr "皮尔逊和斯皮尔曼相关系数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:111 +msgid ":func:`linear_regression`" +msgstr ":func:`linear_regression`" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:111 +msgid "Slope and intercept for simple linear regression." +msgstr "简单线性回归的斜率和截距。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:116 +msgid "Function details" +msgstr "函数细节" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Note: The functions do not require the data given to them to be sorted. " +"However, for reading convenience, most of the examples show sorted " +"sequences." +msgstr "注释：这些函数不需要对提供给它们的数据进行排序。但是，为了方便阅读，大多数例子展示的是已排序的序列。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Return the sample arithmetic mean of *data* which can be a sequence or " +"iterable." +msgstr "返回 *data* 的样本算术平均数，形式为序列或迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:125 +msgid "" +"The arithmetic mean is the sum of the data divided by the number of data " +"points. It is commonly called \"the average\", although it is only one of " +"many different mathematical averages. It is a measure of the central " +"location of the data." +msgstr "算术平均数是数据之和与数据点个数的商。通常称作“平均数”，尽管它指示诸多数学平均数之一。它是数据的中心位置的度量。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:130 +msgid "If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised." +msgstr "若 *data* 为空，将会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:132 +msgid "Some examples of use:" +msgstr "一些用法示例：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:134 +msgid "" +">>> mean([1, 2, 3, 4, 4])\n" +"2.8\n" +">>> mean([-1.0, 2.5, 3.25, 5.75])\n" +"2.625\n" +"\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction as F\n" +">>> mean([F(3, 7), F(1, 21), F(5, 3), F(1, 3)])\n" +"Fraction(13, 21)\n" +"\n" +">>> from decimal import Decimal as D\n" +">>> mean([D(\"0.5\"), D(\"0.75\"), D(\"0.625\"), D(\"0.375\")])\n" +"Decimal('0.5625')" +msgstr "" +">>> mean([1, 2, 3, 4, 4])\n" +"2.8\n" +">>> mean([-1.0, 2.5, 3.25, 5.75])\n" +"2.625\n" +"\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction as F\n" +">>> mean([F(3, 7), F(1, 21), F(5, 3), F(1, 3)])\n" +"Fraction(13, 21)\n" +"\n" +">>> from decimal import Decimal as D\n" +">>> mean([D(\"0.5\"), D(\"0.75\"), D(\"0.625\"), D(\"0.375\")])\n" +"Decimal('0.5625')" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:151 +msgid "" +"The mean is strongly affected by `outliers " +"`_ and is not necessarily a typical " +"example of the data points. For a more robust, although less efficient, " +"measure of `central tendency " +"`_, see :func:`median`." +msgstr "" +"平均数会受到 `异常值 `_ 的强烈影响因而不一定能作为数据点的典型样本。" +" 想获得对于 `集中趋势 `_ 的更可靠的度量，可以参看" +" :func:`median`，但其效率要低一些。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:157 +msgid "" +"The sample mean gives an unbiased estimate of the true population mean, so " +"that when taken on average over all the possible samples, ``mean(sample)`` " +"converges on the true mean of the entire population. If *data* represents " +"the entire population rather than a sample, then ``mean(data)`` is " +"equivalent to calculating the true population mean μ." +msgstr "" +"样本均值给出了一个无偏向的真实总体均值的估计，因此当平均抽取所有可能的样本， ``mean(sample)`` 收敛于整个总体的真实均值。如果 " +"*data* 代表整个总体而不是样本，那么 ``mean(data)`` 等同于计算真实整体均值 μ 。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:166 +msgid "Convert *data* to floats and compute the arithmetic mean." +msgstr "将 *data* 转换成浮点数并且计算算术平均数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:168 +msgid "" +"This runs faster than the :func:`mean` function and it always returns a " +":class:`float`. The *data* may be a sequence or iterable. If the input " +"dataset is empty, raises a :exc:`StatisticsError`." +msgstr "" +"此函数的运行速度比 :func:`mean` 函数快并且它总是返回一个 :class:`float`。 *data* 可以为序列或可迭代对象。 " +"如果输入数据集为空，则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:172 +msgid "" +">>> fmean([3.5, 4.0, 5.25])\n" +"4.25" +msgstr "" +">>> fmean([3.5, 4.0, 5.25])\n" +"4.25" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Optional weighting is supported. For example, a professor assigns a grade " +"for a course by weighting quizzes at 20%, homework at 20%, a midterm exam at" +" 30%, and a final exam at 30%:" +msgstr "支持可选的权重参数。 例如，某位教授在为课程打分时可设置权重为测验 20%, 作业 20%, 期中考试 30%, 期末考试 30%:" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:181 +msgid "" +">>> grades = [85, 92, 83, 91]\n" +">>> weights = [0.20, 0.20, 0.30, 0.30]\n" +">>> fmean(grades, weights)\n" +"87.6" +msgstr "" +">>> grades = [85, 92, 83, 91]\n" +">>> weights = [0.20, 0.20, 0.30, 0.30]\n" +">>> fmean(grades, weights)\n" +"87.6" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:188 +msgid "" +"If *weights* is supplied, it must be the same length as the *data* or a " +":exc:`ValueError` will be raised." +msgstr "如果提供了 *weights*，它必须与 *data* 的长度相同否则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:193 ../../library/statistics.rst:261 +msgid "Added support for *weights*." +msgstr "添加了对 *weights* 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:199 +msgid "Convert *data* to floats and compute the geometric mean." +msgstr "将 *data* 转换成浮点数并且计算几何平均数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:201 +msgid "" +"The geometric mean indicates the central tendency or typical value of the " +"*data* using the product of the values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean " +"which uses their sum)." +msgstr "几何平均值使用值的乘积表示 *数据* 的中心趋势或典型值（与使用它们的总和的算术平均值相反）。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Raises a :exc:`StatisticsError` if the input dataset is empty, if it " +"contains a zero, or if it contains a negative value. The *data* may be a " +"sequence or iterable." +msgstr "如果输入数据集为空、包含零或包含负值则将引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。 *data* 可以是序列或可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:209 +msgid "" +"No special efforts are made to achieve exact results. (However, this may " +"change in the future.)" +msgstr "无需做出特殊努力即可获得准确的结果。（但是，将来或许会修改。）" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:212 +msgid "" +">>> round(geometric_mean([54, 24, 36]), 1)\n" +"36.0" +msgstr "" +">>> round(geometric_mean([54, 24, 36]), 1)\n" +"36.0" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Return the harmonic mean of *data*, a sequence or iterable of real-valued " +"numbers. If *weights* is omitted or ``None``, then equal weighting is " +"assumed." +msgstr "返回包含实数的序列或可迭代对象 *data* 的调和平均值。 如果 *weights* 被省略或为 ``None``，则会假定为相等权重。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:226 +msgid "" +"The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic :func:`mean` of the " +"reciprocals of the data. For example, the harmonic mean of three values *a*," +" *b* and *c* will be equivalent to ``3/(1/a + 1/b + 1/c)``. If one of the " +"values is zero, the result will be zero." +msgstr "" +"调和平均数是数据的倒数的算术平均值 :func:`mean` 的倒数。 例如，三个数值 *a*, *b* 和 *c* 的调和平均数将等于 " +"``3/(1/a + 1/b + 1/c)``。 如果其中一个值为零，则结果也将为零。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:231 +msgid "" +"The harmonic mean is a type of average, a measure of the central location of" +" the data. It is often appropriate when averaging ratios or rates, for " +"example speeds." +msgstr "调和平均数是均值的一种，是对数据的中心位置的度量。 它通常适用于求比率和比例（如速度）的均值。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:235 +msgid "" +"Suppose a car travels 10 km at 40 km/hr, then another 10 km at 60 km/hr. " +"What is the average speed?" +msgstr "" +"假设一辆车在 40 km/hr 的速度下行驶了 10 km ，然后又以 60 km/hr 的速度行驶了 10 km 。车辆的平均速率是多少？" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:238 +msgid "" +">>> harmonic_mean([40, 60])\n" +"48.0" +msgstr "" +">>> harmonic_mean([40, 60])\n" +"48.0" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Suppose a car travels 40 km/hr for 5 km, and when traffic clears, speeds-up " +"to 60 km/hr for the remaining 30 km of the journey. What is the average " +"speed?" +msgstr "" +"假设一辆汽车以速度 40 公里/小时行驶了 5 公里，当道路变得畅通后，提速到 60 公里/小时行驶了行程中剩余的 30 km。 请问其平均速度是多少？" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:247 +msgid "" +">>> harmonic_mean([40, 60], weights=[5, 30])\n" +"56.0" +msgstr "" +">>> harmonic_mean([40, 60], weights=[5, 30])\n" +"56.0" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:252 +msgid "" +":exc:`StatisticsError` is raised if *data* is empty, any element is less " +"than zero, or if the weighted sum isn't positive." +msgstr "如果 *data* 为空、任意元素小于零，或者加权汇总值不为正数则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:255 +msgid "" +"The current algorithm has an early-out when it encounters a zero in the " +"input. This means that the subsequent inputs are not tested for validity. " +"(This behavior may change in the future.)" +msgstr "当前算法在输入中遇到零时会提前退出。这意味着不会测试后续输入的有效性。（此行为将来可能会更改。）" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:267 +msgid "" +"`Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) `_: " +"Create a continuous probability density function or cumulative distribution " +"function from discrete samples." +msgstr "" +"`核密度估计 (KDE) `_: " +"基于离散的样本创建一个连续概率密度函数或累积分布函数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:272 +msgid "" +"The basic idea is to smooth the data using `a kernel function " +"`_. to help draw " +"inferences about a population from a sample." +msgstr "" +"其基本思路是使用 `核函数 `_ 来平滑数据。 " +"以帮助根据一个样本来推断总体情况。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:276 +msgid "" +"The degree of smoothing is controlled by the scaling parameter *h* which is " +"called the bandwidth. Smaller values emphasize local features while larger " +"values give smoother results." +msgstr "平滑等级是由被称为“带宽”的缩放形参 *h* 来控制的。 较小的值将强调局部特性而较大的值将给出更平滑的结果。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:280 +msgid "" +"The *kernel* determines the relative weights of the sample data points. " +"Generally, the choice of kernel shape does not matter as much as the more " +"influential bandwidth smoothing parameter." +msgstr "*kernel* 确定样本数据点的相对权重。 通常，对核形状的选择带来的影响没有对带宽平滑形参的选择那样大。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Kernels that give some weight to every sample point include *normal* " +"(*gauss*), *logistic*, and *sigmoid*." +msgstr "为每个样本点都给出一定权重的核包括 *normal* (*gauss*), *logistic* 和 *sigmoid*。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:287 +msgid "" +"Kernels that only give weight to sample points within the bandwidth include " +"*rectangular* (*uniform*), *triangular*, *parabolic* (*epanechnikov*), " +"*quartic* (*biweight*), *triweight*, and *cosine*." +msgstr "" +"只为带宽范围内的样本点给出权重的核包括 *rectangular* (*uniform*), *triangular*, *parabolic* " +"(*epanechnikov*), *quartic* (*biweight*), *triweight* 和 *cosine*。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:291 +msgid "" +"If *cumulative* is true, will return a cumulative distribution function." +msgstr "如果 *cumulative* 为真值，将返回一个累积分布函数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:293 ../../library/statistics.rst:324 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised if the *data* sequence is empty." +msgstr "如果 *data* 序列为空则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:295 +msgid "" +"`Wikipedia has an example " +"`_ where we" +" can use :func:`kde` to generate and plot a probability density function " +"estimated from a small sample:" +msgstr "" +"在 `Wikipedia 提供的示例 " +"`_ 中我们可以使用 " +":func:`kde` 来生成并绘制从小样本中估算出的概率密度函数：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:300 +msgid "" +">>> sample = [-2.1, -1.3, -0.4, 1.9, 5.1, 6.2]\n" +">>> f_hat = kde(sample, h=1.5)\n" +">>> xarr = [i/100 for i in range(-750, 1100)]\n" +">>> yarr = [f_hat(x) for x in xarr]" +msgstr "" +">>> sample = [-2.1, -1.3, -0.4, 1.9, 5.1, 6.2]\n" +">>> f_hat = kde(sample, h=1.5)\n" +">>> xarr = [i/100 for i in range(-750, 1100)]\n" +">>> yarr = [f_hat(x) for x in xarr]" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:307 +msgid "The points in ``xarr`` and ``yarr`` can be used to make a PDF plot:" +msgstr "``xarr`` 和 ``yarr`` 中的点可被用来绘制一个 PDF 图形:" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:309 +msgid "Scatter plot of the estimated probability density function." +msgstr "估计概率密度函数的散点图。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:317 +msgid "" +"Return a function that makes a random selection from the estimated " +"probability density function produced by ``kde(data, h, kernel)``." +msgstr "返回一个函数，从 ``kde(data, h, kernel)`` 产生的估计概率密度函数中执行一次随机选择。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Providing a *seed* allows reproducible selections. In the future, the values" +" may change slightly as more accurate kernel inverse CDF estimates are " +"implemented. The seed may be an integer, float, str, or bytes." +msgstr "" +"提供 *seed* 将允许可重现的选择。 在未来版本中，这些值可能因更精确的反向 CDF 估计的实现而略微修改。 seed " +"可以是一个整数、浮点数、字符串或字节串。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Continuing the example for :func:`kde`, we can use :func:`kde_random` to " +"generate new random selections from an estimated probability density " +"function:" +msgstr "继续 :func:`kde` 的例子，我们可以使用 :func:`kde_random` 从一个估计概率密度函数生成新的随机选择：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common \"mean of" +" middle two\" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised." +" *data* can be a sequence or iterable." +msgstr "" +"使用普通的“取中间两数平均值”方法返回数值数据的中位数（中间值）。 如果 *data* 为空，则将引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。 " +"*data* 可以是序列或可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The median is a robust measure of central location and is less affected by " +"the presence of outliers. When the number of data points is odd, the middle" +" data point is returned:" +msgstr "中位数是衡量中间位置的可靠方式，并且较少受到极端值的影响。 当数据点的总数为奇数时，将返回中间数据点：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:349 +msgid "" +">>> median([1, 3, 5])\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> median([1, 3, 5])\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:354 +msgid "" +"When the number of data points is even, the median is interpolated by taking" +" the average of the two middle values:" +msgstr "当数据点的总数为偶数时，中位数将通过对两个中间值求平均进行插值得出：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:357 +msgid "" +">>> median([1, 3, 5, 7])\n" +"4.0" +msgstr "" +">>> median([1, 3, 5, 7])\n" +"4.0" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:362 +msgid "" +"This is suited for when your data is discrete, and you don't mind that the " +"median may not be an actual data point." +msgstr "这适用于当你的数据是离散的，并且你不介意中位数不是实际数据点的情况。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:365 +msgid "" +"If the data is ordinal (supports order operations) but not numeric (doesn't " +"support addition), consider using :func:`median_low` or :func:`median_high` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"如果数据是有序的（支持排序操作）但不是数字（不支持加法），请考虑改用 :func:`median_low` 或 :func:`median_high`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:371 +msgid "" +"Return the low median of numeric data. If *data* is empty, " +":exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable." +msgstr "" +"返回数值数据的低中位数。 如果 *data* 为空则将引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。 *data* 可以是序列或可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:374 +msgid "" +"The low median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data " +"points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the smaller " +"of the two middle values is returned." +msgstr "低中位数一定是数据集的成员。 当数据点总数为奇数时，将返回中间值。 当其为偶数时，将返回两个中间值中较小的那个。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:378 +msgid "" +">>> median_low([1, 3, 5])\n" +"3\n" +">>> median_low([1, 3, 5, 7])\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> median_low([1, 3, 5])\n" +"3\n" +">>> median_low([1, 3, 5, 7])\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:385 +msgid "" +"Use the low median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to " +"be an actual data point rather than interpolated." +msgstr "当你的数据是离散的，并且你希望中位数是一个实际数据点而非插值结果时可以使用低中位数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Return the high median of data. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` " +"is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterable." +msgstr "" +"返回数据的高中位数。 如果 *data* 为空则将引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。 *data* 可以是序列或可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:394 +msgid "" +"The high median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data" +" points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the larger " +"of the two middle values is returned." +msgstr "高中位数一定是数据集的成员。 当数据点总数为奇数时，将返回中间值。 当其为偶数时，将返回两个中间值中较大的那个。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:398 +msgid "" +">>> median_high([1, 3, 5])\n" +"3\n" +">>> median_high([1, 3, 5, 7])\n" +"5" +msgstr "" +">>> median_high([1, 3, 5])\n" +"3\n" +">>> median_high([1, 3, 5, 7])\n" +"5" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Use the high median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to" +" be an actual data point rather than interpolated." +msgstr "当你的数据是离散的，并且你希望中位数是一个实际数据点而非插值结果时可以使用高中位数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Estimates the median for numeric data that has been `grouped or binned " +"`_ around the midpoints of " +"consecutive, fixed-width intervals." +msgstr "" +"针对围绕连续的、固定宽度区间的中点进行了 `分组或分档 `_ " +"的数值数据估算中位数。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:415 +msgid "" +"The *data* can be any iterable of numeric data with each value being exactly" +" the midpoint of a bin. At least one value must be present." +msgstr "*data* 可以是任意数值数据的可迭代对象，其中每个值都恰好为分档的中点。 至少必须有一个值。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:418 +msgid "The *interval* is the width of each bin." +msgstr "*interval* 是每个分档的宽度。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:420 +msgid "" +"For example, demographic information may have been summarized into " +"consecutive ten-year age groups with each group being represented by the " +"5-year midpoints of the intervals:" +msgstr "例如，人口信息可能被归纳为按 10 年划分的连续年龄分组，每个分组由各区间的 5 年中点来表示：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:424 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import Counter\n" +">>> demographics = Counter({\n" +"... 25: 172, # 20 to 30 years old\n" +"... 35: 484, # 30 to 40 years old\n" +"... 45: 387, # 40 to 50 years old\n" +"... 55: 22, # 50 to 60 years old\n" +"... 65: 6, # 60 to 70 years old\n" +"... })\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> from collections import Counter\n" +">>> demographics = Counter({\n" +"... 25: 172, # 20 至 30 岁\n" +"... 35: 484, # 30 至 40 岁\n" +"... 45: 387, # 40 至 50 岁\n" +"... 55: 22, # 50 至 60 岁\n" +"... 65: 6, # 60 至 70 岁\n" +"... })\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:436 +msgid "" +"The 50th percentile (median) is the 536th person out of the 1071 member " +"cohort. That person is in the 30 to 40 year old age group." +msgstr "第 50 个百分点位置（中位数）就是 1071 名成员中的第 536 人。 此人属于 30 至 40 岁年龄分组。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:439 +msgid "" +"The regular :func:`median` function would assume that everyone in the " +"tricenarian age group was exactly 35 years old. A more tenable assumption " +"is that the 484 members of that age group are evenly distributed between 30 " +"and 40. For that, we use :func:`median_grouped`:" +msgstr "" +"常规的 :func:`median` 函数会假定三十至四十岁年龄组中的每个人都正好是 35 岁。 一个更站得住脚的假设则是该年龄组的 484 " +"名成员均匀分布在 30 岁到 40 岁之间。 为此，我们会使用 :func:`median_grouped`:" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:445 +msgid "" +">>> data = list(demographics.elements())\n" +">>> median(data)\n" +"35\n" +">>> round(median_grouped(data, interval=10), 1)\n" +"37.5" +msgstr "" +">>> data = list(demographics.elements())\n" +">>> median(data)\n" +"35\n" +">>> round(median_grouped(data, interval=10), 1)\n" +"37.5" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:453 +msgid "" +"The caller is responsible for making sure the data points are separated by " +"exact multiples of *interval*. This is essential for getting a correct " +"result. The function does not check this precondition." +msgstr "调用者有责任确保数据点之间以 *interval* 的精确倍数分隔。 这对于获得正确结果至关重要。 该函数不会检查这一前提条件。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:457 +msgid "" +"Inputs may be any numeric type that can be coerced to a float during the " +"interpolation step." +msgstr "输入可以是任何可在插值步骤中强制转换为浮点数的数值类型。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Return the single most common data point from discrete or nominal *data*. " +"The mode (when it exists) is the most typical value and serves as a measure " +"of central location." +msgstr "从离散或标称的 *data* 返回单个出现最多的数据点。 此众数（如果存在）是最典型的值，并可用来度量中心的位置。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:467 +msgid "" +"If there are multiple modes with the same frequency, returns the first one " +"encountered in the *data*. If the smallest or largest of those is desired " +"instead, use ``min(multimode(data))`` or ``max(multimode(data))``. If the " +"input *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"如果存在具有相同频率的多个众数，则返回在 *data* 中遇到的第一个。 如果想要其中最小或最大的一个，请使用 " +"``min(multimode(data))`` 或 ``max(multimode(data))``。 如果输入的 *data* 为空，则会引发 " +":exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:472 +msgid "" +"``mode`` assumes discrete data and returns a single value. This is the " +"standard treatment of the mode as commonly taught in schools:" +msgstr "``mode`` 将假定是离散数据并返回一个单一的值。 这是通常的学校教学中标准的处理方式：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:475 +msgid "" +">>> mode([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4])\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> mode([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4])\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:480 +msgid "" +"The mode is unique in that it is the only statistic in this package that " +"also applies to nominal (non-numeric) data:" +msgstr "此众数的独特之处在于它是这个包中唯一还可应用于标称（非数字）数据的统计信息：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:483 +msgid "" +">>> mode([\"red\", \"blue\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\", \"red\", \"red\"])\n" +"'red'" +msgstr "" +">>> mode([\"red\", \"blue\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\", \"red\", \"red\"])\n" +"'red'" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:488 +msgid "" +"Only hashable inputs are supported. To handle type :class:`set`, consider " +"casting to :class:`frozenset`. To handle type :class:`list`, consider " +"casting to :class:`tuple`. For mixed or nested inputs, consider using this " +"slower quadratic algorithm that only depends on equality tests: ``max(data, " +"key=data.count)``." +msgstr "" +"仅支持输入可哈希对象。 要处理 :class:`set` 类型，可将其转换为 :class:`frozenset`。 要处理 :class:`list`" +" 类型，可将其转换为 :class:`tuple`。 对于混合的或嵌套的输入，可使用这个仅依赖于相等性检测的速度较慢的二次方复杂度算法: " +"``max(data, key=data.count)``。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Now handles multimodal datasets by returning the first mode encountered. " +"Formerly, it raised :exc:`StatisticsError` when more than one mode was " +"found." +msgstr "现在会通过返回所遇到的第一个众数来处理多模数据集。 之前它会在遇到超过一个的众数时引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:502 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the most frequently occurring values in the order they were" +" first encountered in the *data*. Will return more than one result if there" +" are multiple modes or an empty list if the *data* is empty:" +msgstr "" +"返回最频繁出现的值的列表，并按它们在 *data* 中首次出现的位置排序。 如果存在多个众数则将返回一个以上的众数，或者如果 *data* " +"为空则将返回空列表：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:506 +msgid "" +">>> multimode('aabbbbccddddeeffffgg')\n" +"['b', 'd', 'f']\n" +">>> multimode('')\n" +"[]" +msgstr "" +">>> multimode('aabbbbccddddeeffffgg')\n" +"['b', 'd', 'f']\n" +">>> multimode('')\n" +"[]" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Return the population standard deviation (the square root of the population " +"variance). See :func:`pvariance` for arguments and other details." +msgstr "返回总体标准差（总体方差的平方根）。 请参阅 :func:`pvariance` 了解参数和其他细节。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:521 +msgid "" +">>> pstdev([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75])\n" +"0.986893273527251" +msgstr "" +">>> pstdev([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75])\n" +"0.986893273527251" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:529 +msgid "" +"Return the population variance of *data*, a non-empty sequence or iterable " +"of real-valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a " +"measure of the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance" +" indicates that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is " +"clustered closely around the mean." +msgstr "" +"返回非空序列或包含实数值的可迭代对象 *data* 的总体方差。 方差或称相对于均值的二阶距，是对数据变化幅度（延展度或分散度）的度量。 " +"方差值较大表明数据的散布范围较大；方差值较小表明它紧密聚集于均值附近。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:535 +msgid "" +"If the optional second argument *mu* is given, it should be the *population*" +" mean of the *data*. It can also be used to compute the second moment " +"around a point that is not the mean. If it is missing or ``None`` (the " +"default), the arithmetic mean is automatically calculated." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了可选的第二个参数 *mu*，它应为 *data* 的 *众数* 均值。 它也可以被用来计算一个非均值点的二阶距。 如果该参数被省略或为 " +"``None`` (默认值)，则会自动进行算术均值计算。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Use this function to calculate the variance from the entire population. To " +"estimate the variance from a sample, the :func:`variance` function is " +"usually a better choice." +msgstr "使用此函数可根据所有数值来计算方差。 要根据一个样本来估算方差，通常 :func:`variance` 函数是更好的选择。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:544 +msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* is empty." +msgstr "如果 *data* 为空则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:546 ../../library/statistics.rst:616 +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:725 +msgid "Examples:" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:548 +msgid "" +">>> data = [0.0, 0.25, 0.25, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.75, 3.25]\n" +">>> pvariance(data)\n" +"1.25" +msgstr "" +">>> data = [0.0, 0.25, 0.25, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.75, 3.25]\n" +">>> pvariance(data)\n" +"1.25" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:554 +msgid "" +"If you have already calculated the mean of your data, you can pass it as the" +" optional second argument *mu* to avoid recalculation:" +msgstr "如果你已经计算过数据的平均值，你可以将其作为可选的第二个参数 *mu* 传入以避免重复计算：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:557 +msgid "" +">>> mu = mean(data)\n" +">>> pvariance(data, mu)\n" +"1.25" +msgstr "" +">>> mu = mean(data)\n" +">>> pvariance(data, mu)\n" +"1.25" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:563 +msgid "Decimals and Fractions are supported:" +msgstr "同样也支持使用 Decimal 和 Fraction 值：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:565 +msgid "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal as D\n" +">>> pvariance([D(\"27.5\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"34.5\"), D(\"41.75\")])\n" +"Decimal('24.815')\n" +"\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction as F\n" +">>> pvariance([F(1, 4), F(5, 4), F(1, 2)])\n" +"Fraction(13, 72)" +msgstr "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal as D\n" +">>> pvariance([D(\"27.5\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"34.5\"), D(\"41.75\")])\n" +"Decimal('24.815')\n" +"\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction as F\n" +">>> pvariance([F(1, 4), F(5, 4), F(1, 2)])\n" +"Fraction(13, 72)" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:577 +msgid "" +"When called with the entire population, this gives the population variance " +"σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s²," +" also known as variance with N degrees of freedom." +msgstr "" +"当调用时附带完整的总体数据时，这将给出总体方差 σ²。 而当调用时只附带一个样本时，这将给出偏置样本方差 s²，也被称为带有 N 个自由度的方差。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:581 +msgid "" +"If you somehow know the true population mean μ, you may use this function to" +" calculate the variance of a sample, giving the known population mean as the" +" second argument. Provided the data points are a random sample of the " +"population, the result will be an unbiased estimate of the population " +"variance." +msgstr "" +"如果你通过某种方式知道了真实的总体平均值 μ，则可以使用此函数来计算一个样本的方差，并将已知的总体平均值作为第二个参数。 " +"假设数据点是总体的一个随机样本，则结果将为总体方差的无偏估计值。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Return the sample standard deviation (the square root of the sample " +"variance). See :func:`variance` for arguments and other details." +msgstr "返回样本标准差（样本方差的平方根）。 请参阅 :func:`variance` 了解参数和其他细节。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:593 +msgid "" +">>> stdev([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75])\n" +"1.0810874155219827" +msgstr "" +">>> stdev([1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.75, 3.25, 4.75])\n" +"1.0810874155219827" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:601 +msgid "" +"Return the sample variance of *data*, an iterable of at least two real-" +"valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of " +"the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates " +"that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered " +"closely around the mean." +msgstr "" +"返回包含至少两个实数值的可迭代对象 *data* 的样本方差。 方差或称相对于均值的二阶矩，是对数据变化幅度（延展度或分散度）的度量。 " +"方差值较大表明数据的散布范围较大；方差值较小表明它紧密聚集于均值附近。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:607 +msgid "" +"If the optional second argument *xbar* is given, it should be the *sample* " +"mean of *data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is " +"automatically calculated." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了可选的第二个参数 *xbar*，它应为 *data* 的 *样本* 均值。 如果该参数省略或为 ``None`` " +"(默认值)，则会自动进行均值计算。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:611 +msgid "" +"Use this function when your data is a sample from a population. To calculate" +" the variance from the entire population, see :func:`pvariance`." +msgstr "当你的数据是总体数据的样本时请使用此函数。 要根据整个总体数据来计算方差，请参见 :func:`pvariance`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:614 +msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* has fewer than two values." +msgstr "如果 *data* 包含的值少于两个则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:618 +msgid "" +">>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5]\n" +">>> variance(data)\n" +"1.3720238095238095" +msgstr "" +">>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5]\n" +">>> variance(data)\n" +"1.3720238095238095" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:624 +msgid "" +"If you have already calculated the sample mean of your data, you can pass it" +" as the optional second argument *xbar* to avoid recalculation:" +msgstr "如果你已经计算过数据的平均值，你可以将其作为可选的第二个参数 *xbar* 传入以避免重复计算：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:627 +msgid "" +">>> m = mean(data)\n" +">>> variance(data, m)\n" +"1.3720238095238095" +msgstr "" +">>> m = mean(data)\n" +">>> variance(data, m)\n" +"1.3720238095238095" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:633 +msgid "" +"This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual " +"mean as *xbar*. Using arbitrary values for *xbar* can lead to invalid or " +"impossible results." +msgstr "此函数不会试图检查你所传入的 *xbar* 是否为真实的平均值。 使用任意值作为 *xbar* 可能导致无效或不可能的结果。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:637 +msgid "Decimal and Fraction values are supported:" +msgstr "同样也支持使用 Decimal 和 Fraction 值：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:639 +msgid "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal as D\n" +">>> variance([D(\"27.5\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"34.5\"), D(\"41.75\")])\n" +"Decimal('31.01875')\n" +"\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction as F\n" +">>> variance([F(1, 6), F(1, 2), F(5, 3)])\n" +"Fraction(67, 108)" +msgstr "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal as D\n" +">>> variance([D(\"27.5\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"30.25\"), D(\"34.5\"), D(\"41.75\")])\n" +"Decimal('31.01875')\n" +"\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction as F\n" +">>> variance([F(1, 6), F(1, 2), F(5, 3)])\n" +"Fraction(67, 108)" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:651 +msgid "" +"This is the sample variance s² with Bessel's correction, also known as " +"variance with N-1 degrees of freedom. Provided that the data points are " +"representative (e.g. independent and identically distributed), the result " +"should be an unbiased estimate of the true population variance." +msgstr "" +"这是附带贝塞尔校正的样本方差 s²，也称为具有 N-1 自由度的方差。 假设数据点具有代表性（即为独立且均匀的分布），则结果应当是对总体方差的无偏估计。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:656 +msgid "" +"If you somehow know the actual population mean μ you should pass it to the " +":func:`pvariance` function as the *mu* parameter to get the variance of a " +"sample." +msgstr "" +"如果你通过某种方式知道了真实的总体平均值 μ 则应当调用 :func:`pvariance` 函数并将该值作为 *mu* 形参传入以得到一个样本的方差。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Divide *data* into *n* continuous intervals with equal probability. Returns " +"a list of ``n - 1`` cut points separating the intervals." +msgstr "将 *data* 分隔为具有相等概率的 *n* 个连续区间。 返回分隔这些区间的 ``n - 1`` 个分隔点的列表。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:665 +msgid "" +"Set *n* to 4 for quartiles (the default). Set *n* to 10 for deciles. Set " +"*n* to 100 for percentiles which gives the 99 cuts points that separate " +"*data* into 100 equal sized groups. Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *n* is" +" not least 1." +msgstr "" +"将 *n* 设为 4 以使用四分位（默认值）。 将 *n* 设为 10 以使用十分位。 将 *n* 设为 100 以使用百分位，即给出 99 " +"个分隔点来将 *data* 分隔为 100 个大小相等的组。 如果 *n* 小于 1 则将引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:670 +msgid "" +"The *data* can be any iterable containing sample data. For meaningful " +"results, the number of data points in *data* should be larger than *n*. " +"Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if there is not at least one data point." +msgstr "" +"*data* 可以是包含样本数据的任意可迭代对象。 为了获得有意义的结果，*data* 中数据点的数量应当大于 *n*。 如果连一个数据点都没有则会引发" +" :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:674 +msgid "" +"The cut points are linearly interpolated from the two nearest data points. " +"For example, if a cut point falls one-third of the distance between two " +"sample values, ``100`` and ``112``, the cut-point will evaluate to ``104``." +msgstr "" +"分隔点是通过对两个最接近的数据点进行线性插值得到的。 例如，如果一个分隔点落在两个样本值 ``100`` 和 ``112`` " +"之间距离三分之一的位置，则分隔点的取值将为 ``104``。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:679 +msgid "" +"The *method* for computing quantiles can be varied depending on whether the " +"*data* includes or excludes the lowest and highest possible values from the " +"population." +msgstr "*method* 用于计算分位值，它会由于 *data* 是包含还是排除总体的最低和最高可能值而有所不同。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:683 +msgid "" +"The default *method* is \"exclusive\" and is used for data sampled from a " +"population that can have more extreme values than found in the samples. The" +" portion of the population falling below the *i-th* of *m* sorted data " +"points is computed as ``i / (m + 1)``. Given nine sample values, the method" +" sorts them and assigns the following percentiles: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, " +"60%, 70%, 80%, 90%." +msgstr "" +"默认 *method* 是 “唯一的” 并且被用于在总体中数据采样这样可以有比样本中找到的更多的极端值。落在 *m* 个排序数据点的第 *i-th* " +"个以下的总体部分被计算为 ``i / (m + 1)`` 。给定九个样本值，方法排序它们并且分配一下的百分位： 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, " +"50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% 。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:690 +msgid "" +"Setting the *method* to \"inclusive\" is used for describing population data" +" or for samples that are known to include the most extreme values from the " +"population. The minimum value in *data* is treated as the 0th percentile " +"and the maximum value is treated as the 100th percentile. The portion of the" +" population falling below the *i-th* of *m* sorted data points is computed " +"as ``(i - 1) / (m - 1)``. Given 11 sample values, the method sorts them and" +" assigns the following percentiles: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, " +"80%, 90%, 100%." +msgstr "" +"将 *method* 设为 \"inclusive\" 可用于描述总体数据或已明确知道包含有总体数据中最极端值的样本。 *data* " +"中的最小值会被作为第 0 个百分位而最大值会被作为第 100 个百分位。 总体数据里处于 *m* 个已排序数据点中 *第 i 个* 以下的部分会以 " +"``(i - 1) / (m - 1)`` 来计算。 给定 11 个样本值，该方法会对它们进行排序并赋予以下百分位: 0%, 10%, 20%, " +"30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:699 +msgid "" +"# Decile cut points for empirically sampled data\n" +">>> data = [105, 129, 87, 86, 111, 111, 89, 81, 108, 92, 110,\n" +"... 100, 75, 105, 103, 109, 76, 119, 99, 91, 103, 129,\n" +"... 106, 101, 84, 111, 74, 87, 86, 103, 103, 106, 86,\n" +"... 111, 75, 87, 102, 121, 111, 88, 89, 101, 106, 95,\n" +"... 103, 107, 101, 81, 109, 104]\n" +">>> [round(q, 1) for q in quantiles(data, n=10)]\n" +"[81.0, 86.2, 89.0, 99.4, 102.5, 103.6, 106.0, 109.8, 111.0]" +msgstr "" +"# Decile cut points for empirically sampled data\n" +">>> data = [105, 129, 87, 86, 111, 111, 89, 81, 108, 92, 110,\n" +"... 100, 75, 105, 103, 109, 76, 119, 99, 91, 103, 129,\n" +"... 106, 101, 84, 111, 74, 87, 86, 103, 103, 106, 86,\n" +"... 111, 75, 87, 102, 121, 111, 88, 89, 101, 106, 95,\n" +"... 103, 107, 101, 81, 109, 104]\n" +">>> [round(q, 1) for q in quantiles(data, n=10)]\n" +"[81.0, 86.2, 89.0, 99.4, 102.5, 103.6, 106.0, 109.8, 111.0]" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:712 +msgid "" +"No longer raises an exception for an input with only a single data point. " +"This allows quantile estimates to be built up one sample point at a time " +"becoming gradually more refined with each new data point." +msgstr "对于只有单个数据点的输入不会再引发异常。 这允许分位点估计以每次一个样本点的方式建立并随着每个新数据点逐渐变得更为精细。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Return the sample covariance of two inputs *x* and *y*. Covariance is a " +"measure of the joint variability of two inputs." +msgstr "返回两个输入 *x* 和 *y* 的样本协方差。 样本协方差是对两个输入的同步变化性的度量。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:722 +msgid "" +"Both inputs must be of the same length (no less than two), otherwise " +":exc:`StatisticsError` is raised." +msgstr "两个输入必须具有相同的长度（不少于两个元素），否则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:727 +msgid "" +">>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n" +">>> y = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> covariance(x, y)\n" +"0.75\n" +">>> z = [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n" +">>> covariance(x, z)\n" +"-7.5\n" +">>> covariance(z, x)\n" +"-7.5" +msgstr "" +">>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n" +">>> y = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> covariance(x, y)\n" +"0.75\n" +">>> z = [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n" +">>> covariance(x, z)\n" +"-7.5\n" +">>> covariance(z, x)\n" +"-7.5" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:743 +msgid "" +"Return the `Pearson's correlation coefficient " +"`_ for two " +"inputs. Pearson's correlation coefficient *r* takes values between -1 and " +"+1. It measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship." +msgstr "" +"返回两个输入的 `皮尔逊相关系数 " +"`_。 皮尔逊相关系数 " +"*r* 的取值在 -1 到 +1 之间。 它衡量线性相关的强度和方向。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:749 +msgid "" +"If *method* is \"ranked\", computes `Spearman's rank correlation coefficient" +" `_" +" for two inputs. The data is replaced by ranks. Ties are averaged so that " +"equal values receive the same rank. The resulting coefficient measures the " +"strength of a monotonic relationship." +msgstr "" +"如果 *method* 为 \"ranked\"，则计算两个输入的 `斯皮尔曼等级相关系数 " +"`_。" +" 数据将被替换为等级。 同级的值将被平均因此相同的值将得到相同的等级。 结果系数衡量的是单调关系的强度。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:755 +msgid "" +"Spearman's correlation coefficient is appropriate for ordinal data or for " +"continuous data that doesn't meet the linear proportion requirement for " +"Pearson's correlation coefficient." +msgstr "斯皮尔曼相关系数适用于有序数据或不满足皮尔逊相关系数的线性比例要求的连续数据。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:759 +msgid "" +"Both inputs must be of the same length (no less than two), and need not to " +"be constant, otherwise :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised." +msgstr "两个输入必须具有相同的长度（不少于两个元素），并且不必为常量，否则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:762 +msgid "" +"Example with `Kepler's laws of planetary motion " +"`_:" +msgstr "" +"使用 `开普勒行星运动定律 " +"`_ 的示例:" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:765 +msgid "" +">>> # Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune\n" +">>> orbital_period = [88, 225, 365, 687, 4331, 10_756, 30_687, 60_190] # days\n" +">>> dist_from_sun = [58, 108, 150, 228, 778, 1_400, 2_900, 4_500] # million km\n" +"\n" +">>> # Show that a perfect monotonic relationship exists\n" +">>> correlation(orbital_period, dist_from_sun, method='ranked')\n" +"1.0\n" +"\n" +">>> # Observe that a linear relationship is imperfect\n" +">>> round(correlation(orbital_period, dist_from_sun), 4)\n" +"0.9882\n" +"\n" +">>> # Demonstrate Kepler's third law: There is a linear correlation\n" +">>> # between the square of the orbital period and the cube of the\n" +">>> # distance from the sun.\n" +">>> period_squared = [p * p for p in orbital_period]\n" +">>> dist_cubed = [d * d * d for d in dist_from_sun]\n" +">>> round(correlation(period_squared, dist_cubed), 4)\n" +"1.0" +msgstr "" +">>> # 水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星\n" +">>> orbital_period = [88, 225, 365, 687, 4331, 10_756, 30_687, 60_190] # 天\n" +">>> dist_from_sun = [58, 108, 150, 228, 778, 1_400, 2_900, 4_500] # 百万公里\n" +"\n" +">>> # 显示存在完美的单调关系\n" +">>> correlation(orbital_period, dist_from_sun, method='ranked')\n" +"1.0\n" +"\n" +">>> # 表明存在不完美的线性关系\n" +">>> round(correlation(orbital_period, dist_from_sun), 4)\n" +"0.9882\n" +"\n" +">>> # 体现开普勒第三定律：自转周期的\n" +">>> # 平方和与太阳距离的立方之间存在\n" +">>> # 线性对应关系\n" +">>> period_squared = [p * p for p in orbital_period]\n" +">>> dist_cubed = [d * d * d for d in dist_from_sun]\n" +">>> round(correlation(period_squared, dist_cubed), 4)\n" +"1.0" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:789 +msgid "Added support for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient." +msgstr "增加了对斯皮尔曼等级相关系数的支持。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Return the slope and intercept of `simple linear regression " +"`_ parameters " +"estimated using ordinary least squares. Simple linear regression describes " +"the relationship between an independent variable *x* and a dependent " +"variable *y* in terms of this linear function:" +msgstr "" +"返回使用普通最小二乘法估计得到的 `简单线性回归 " +"`_ 参数的斜率和截距。 " +"简单纯属回归通过此线性函数来描述自变量 *x* 和因变量 *y* 之间的关系。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:800 +msgid "*y = slope \\* x + intercept + noise*" +msgstr "*y = slope \\* x + intercept + noise*" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:802 +msgid "" +"where ``slope`` and ``intercept`` are the regression parameters that are " +"estimated, and ``noise`` represents the variability of the data that was not" +" explained by the linear regression (it is equal to the difference between " +"predicted and actual values of the dependent variable)." +msgstr "" +"其中 ``slope`` 和 ``intercept`` 是估计得到的回归参数，而 ``noise`` " +"代表不可由线性回归解释的数据变异性（它等于因变量的预测值和实际值之间的差异）。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:808 +msgid "" +"Both inputs must be of the same length (no less than two), and the " +"independent variable *x* cannot be constant; otherwise a " +":exc:`StatisticsError` is raised." +msgstr "两个输入必须具有相同的长度（不少于两个元素），并且自变量 *x* 不可为常量；否则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:812 +msgid "" +"For example, we can use the `release dates of the Monty Python films " +"`_ to predict the " +"cumulative number of Monty Python films that would have been produced by " +"2019 assuming that they had kept the pace." +msgstr "" +"例如，我们可以使用 `Monty Python 系列电影的发布日期 " +"`_ 在假定出品方保持现有步调的情况下预测到 " +"2019 年时产出的 Monty Python 电影的累计数量。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:818 +msgid "" +">>> year = [1971, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983]\n" +">>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total)\n" +">>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept)\n" +"16" +msgstr "" +">>> year = [1971, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983]\n" +">>> films_total = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> slope, intercept = linear_regression(year, films_total)\n" +">>> round(slope * 2019 + intercept)\n" +"16" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:826 +msgid "" +"If *proportional* is true, the independent variable *x* and the dependent " +"variable *y* are assumed to be directly proportional. The data is fit to a " +"line passing through the origin. Since the *intercept* will always be 0.0, " +"the underlying linear function simplifies to:" +msgstr "" +"如果 *proportional* 为真值，则自变量 *x* 和因变量 *y* 将被视为成正比关系。 数据会被拟合到一条通过原点的直线上。 由于 " +"*intercept* 将始终为 0.0，因此下层的线性函数会简化为:" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:832 +msgid "*y = slope \\* x + noise*" +msgstr "*y = slope \\* x + noise*" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:834 +msgid "" +"Continuing the example from :func:`correlation`, we look to see how well a " +"model based on major planets can predict the orbital distances for dwarf " +"planets:" +msgstr "继续 :func:`correlation` 的例子，我们来看看基于大行星的模型是否能很好地预测矮行星的轨道距离：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:838 +msgid "" +">>> model = linear_regression(period_squared, dist_cubed, proportional=True)\n" +">>> slope = model.slope\n" +"\n" +">>> # Dwarf planets: Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea, Ceres\n" +">>> orbital_periods = [90_560, 204_199, 111_845, 103_410, 1_680] # days\n" +">>> predicted_dist = [math.cbrt(slope * (p * p)) for p in orbital_periods]\n" +">>> list(map(round, predicted_dist))\n" +"[5912, 10166, 6806, 6459, 414]\n" +"\n" +">>> [5_906, 10_152, 6_796, 6_450, 414] # actual distance in million km\n" +"[5906, 10152, 6796, 6450, 414]" +msgstr "" +">>> model = linear_regression(period_squared, dist_cubed, proportional=True)\n" +">>> slope = model.slope\n" +"\n" +">>> # 矮行星：冥王星、阋神星、鸟神星、妊神星、谷神星\n" +">>> orbital_periods = [90_560, 204_199, 111_845, 103_410, 1_680] # days\n" +">>> predicted_dist = [math.cbrt(slope * (p * p)) for p in orbital_periods]\n" +">>> list(map(round, predicted_dist))\n" +"[5912, 10166, 6806, 6459, 414]\n" +"\n" +">>> [5_906, 10_152, 6_796, 6_450, 414] # 以百万公里表示的实际距离\n" +"[5906, 10152, 6796, 6450, 414]" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:854 +msgid "Added support for *proportional*." +msgstr "添加了对 *proportional* 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:858 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:860 +msgid "A single exception is defined:" +msgstr "只定义了一个异常：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:864 +msgid "Subclass of :exc:`ValueError` for statistics-related exceptions." +msgstr ":exc:`ValueError` 的子类，表示统计相关的异常。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:868 +msgid ":class:`NormalDist` objects" +msgstr ":class:`NormalDist` 对象" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:870 +msgid "" +":class:`NormalDist` is a tool for creating and manipulating normal " +"distributions of a `random variable " +"`_. It is a class " +"that treats the mean and standard deviation of data measurements as a single" +" entity." +msgstr "" +":class:`NormalDist` 工具可用于创建和操纵 `随机变量 " +"`_ 的正态分布。 " +"这个类将数据度量值的平均值和标准差作为单一实体来处理。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:876 +msgid "" +"Normal distributions arise from the `Central Limit Theorem " +"`_ and have a wide " +"range of applications in statistics." +msgstr "" +"正态分布的概念来自于 `中央极限定理 `_ " +"并且在统计学中有广泛的应用。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:882 +msgid "" +"Returns a new *NormalDist* object where *mu* represents the `arithmetic mean" +" `_ and *sigma* represents " +"the `standard deviation " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 *NormalDist* 对象，其中 *mu* 代表 `算术平均值 " +"`_ 而 *sigma* 代表 `标准差 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:887 +msgid "If *sigma* is negative, raises :exc:`StatisticsError`." +msgstr "若 *sigma* 为负数，将会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:891 +msgid "" +"A read-only property for the `arithmetic mean " +"`_ of a normal distribution." +msgstr "" +"一个只读特征属性，表示特定正态分布的 `算术平均值 `_。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:897 +msgid "" +"A read-only property for the `median " +"`_ of a normal distribution." +msgstr "一个只读特征属性，表示特定正态分布的 `中位数 `_。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:903 +msgid "" +"A read-only property for the `mode " +"`_ of a normal " +"distribution." +msgstr "" +"一个只读特征属性，表示特定正态分布的 `众数 `_。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:909 +msgid "" +"A read-only property for the `standard deviation " +"`_ of a normal " +"distribution." +msgstr "" +"一个只读特征属性，表示特定正态分布的 `标准差 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:915 +msgid "" +"A read-only property for the `variance " +"`_ of a normal distribution. Equal " +"to the square of the standard deviation." +msgstr "" +"一个只读特征属性，表示特定正态分布的 `方差 `_。 等于标准差的平方。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:921 +msgid "" +"Makes a normal distribution instance with *mu* and *sigma* parameters " +"estimated from the *data* using :func:`fmean` and :func:`stdev`." +msgstr "" +"传入使用 :func:`fmean` 和 :func:`stdev` 基于 *data* 估算出的 *mu* 和 *sigma* " +"形参创建一个正态分布实例。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:924 +msgid "" +"The *data* can be any :term:`iterable` and should consist of values that can" +" be converted to type :class:`float`. If *data* does not contain at least " +"two elements, raises :exc:`StatisticsError` because it takes at least one " +"point to estimate a central value and at least two points to estimate " +"dispersion." +msgstr "" +"*data* 可以是任何 :term:`iterable` 并且应当包含能被转换为 :class:`float` 类型的值。 如果 *data* " +"不包含至少两个元素，则会引发 :exc:`StatisticsError`，因为估算中心值至少需要一个点而估算分散度至少需要两个点。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:932 +msgid "" +"Generates *n* random samples for a given mean and standard deviation. " +"Returns a :class:`list` of :class:`float` values." +msgstr "对于给定的平均值和标准差生成 *n* 个随机样本。 返回一个由 :class:`float` 值组成的 :class:`list`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:935 +msgid "" +"If *seed* is given, creates a new instance of the underlying random number " +"generator. This is useful for creating reproducible results, even in a " +"multi-threading context." +msgstr "当给定 *seed* 时，创建一个新的底层随机数生成器实例。 这适用于创建可重现的结果，即使对于多线程上下文也有效。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:941 +msgid "" +"Switched to a faster algorithm. To reproduce samples from previous " +"versions, use :func:`random.seed` and :func:`random.gauss`." +msgstr "" +"切换为更快速的算法。 要重新产生来自之前版本的样本，请使用 :func:`random.seed` 和 :func:`random.gauss`。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:946 +msgid "" +"Using a `probability density function (pdf) " +"`_, compute the " +"relative likelihood that a random variable *X* will be near the given value " +"*x*. Mathematically, it is the limit of the ratio ``P(x <= X < x+dx) / dx``" +" as *dx* approaches zero." +msgstr "" +"使用 `概率密度函数 (pdf) " +"`_，计算一个随机变量 *X* " +"趋向于给定值 *x* 的相对可能性。 在数学意义上，它是当 *dx* 趋向于零时比率 ``P(x <= X < x+dx) / dx`` 的极限。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:952 +msgid "" +"The relative likelihood is computed as the probability of a sample occurring" +" in a narrow range divided by the width of the range (hence the word " +"\"density\"). Since the likelihood is relative to other points, its value " +"can be greater than ``1.0``." +msgstr "" +"相对可能性的计算方法是用一个狭窄区间内某个样本出现的概率除以区间的宽度（因此使用 \"density\" 一词）。 " +"由于可能性是相对于其他点的，因此它的值可以大于 ``1.0``。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:959 +msgid "" +"Using a `cumulative distribution function (cdf) " +"`_, compute " +"the probability that a random variable *X* will be less than or equal to " +"*x*. Mathematically, it is written ``P(X <= x)``." +msgstr "" +"使用 `累积分布函数 (cdf) " +"`_，计算一个随机变量 " +"*X* 小于等于 *x* 的概率。 在数学上，它表示为 ``P(X <= x)``。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:966 +msgid "" +"Compute the inverse cumulative distribution function, also known as the " +"`quantile function `_ or " +"the `percent-point " +"`_ function. Mathematically, it is written ``x : P(X" +" <= x) = p``." +msgstr "" +"计算反射累积分布函数，也称为 `分位数函数 `_ 或 " +"`百分点 " +"`_ 函数。 在数学上，它表示为 ``x : P(X <= x) = p``。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:972 +msgid "" +"Finds the value *x* of the random variable *X* such that the probability of " +"the variable being less than or equal to that value equals the given " +"probability *p*." +msgstr "找出随机变量 *X* 的值 *x* 使得该变量小于等于该值的概率等于给定的概率 *p*。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:978 +msgid "" +"Measures the agreement between two normal probability distributions. Returns" +" a value between 0.0 and 1.0 giving `the overlapping area for the two " +"probability density functions `_." +msgstr "" +"测量两个正态概率分布之间的一致性。 返回介于 0.0 和 1.0 之间的值，给出 `两个概率密度函数的重叠区域 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:985 +msgid "" +"Divide the normal distribution into *n* continuous intervals with equal " +"probability. Returns a list of (n - 1) cut points separating the intervals." +msgstr "将指定正态分布划分为 *n* 个相等概率的连续分隔区。 返回这些分隔区对应的 (n - 1) 个分隔点的列表。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Set *n* to 4 for quartiles (the default). Set *n* to 10 for deciles. Set " +"*n* to 100 for percentiles which gives the 99 cuts points that separate the " +"normal distribution into 100 equal sized groups." +msgstr "" +"将 *n* 设为 4 以使用四分位（默认值）。 将 *n* 设为 10 以使用十分位。将 *n* 设为 100 以使用百分位，即给出 99 " +"个分隔点来将正态分布分隔为 100 个大小相等的组。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:995 +msgid "" +"Compute the `Standard Score `_ describing *x* in terms of the number of standard" +" deviations above or below the mean of the normal distribution: ``(x - mean)" +" / stdev``." +msgstr "" +"计算 `标准分 `_ 即以高于或低于正态分布的平均值的标准差数值的形式来描述 *x*: ``(x - mean) / " +"stdev``." + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`NormalDist` support addition, subtraction, " +"multiplication and division by a constant. These operations are used for " +"translation and scaling. For example:" +msgstr ":class:`NormalDist` 的实例支持加上、减去、乘以或除以一个常量。 这些运算被用于转换和缩放。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1007 +msgid "" +">>> temperature_february = NormalDist(5, 2.5) # Celsius\n" +">>> temperature_february * (9/5) + 32 # Fahrenheit\n" +"NormalDist(mu=41.0, sigma=4.5)" +msgstr "" +">>> temperature_february = NormalDist(5, 2.5) # 摄氏度\n" +">>> temperature_february * (9/5) + 32 # 华氏度\n" +"NormalDist(mu=41.0, sigma=4.5)" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1013 +msgid "" +"Dividing a constant by an instance of :class:`NormalDist` is not supported " +"because the result wouldn't be normally distributed." +msgstr "不允许一个常量除以 :class:`NormalDist` 的实例，因为结果将不是正态分布。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"Since normal distributions arise from additive effects of independent " +"variables, it is possible to `add and subtract two independent normally " +"distributed random variables " +"`_" +" represented as instances of :class:`NormalDist`. For example:" +msgstr "" +"由于正态分布是由独立变量的累加效应产生的，因此允许表示为 :class:`NormalDist` 实例的 `两组独立正态分布的随机变量相加和相减 " +"`_。" +" 例如：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1022 +msgid "" +">>> birth_weights = NormalDist.from_samples([2.5, 3.1, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.5])\n" +">>> drug_effects = NormalDist(0.4, 0.15)\n" +">>> combined = birth_weights + drug_effects\n" +">>> round(combined.mean, 1)\n" +"3.1\n" +">>> round(combined.stdev, 1)\n" +"0.5" +msgstr "" +">>> birth_weights = NormalDist.from_samples([2.5, 3.1, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.5])\n" +">>> drug_effects = NormalDist(0.4, 0.15)\n" +">>> combined = birth_weights + drug_effects\n" +">>> round(combined.mean, 1)\n" +"3.1\n" +">>> round(combined.stdev, 1)\n" +"0.5" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1036 +msgid "Examples and Recipes" +msgstr "例子和配方" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1040 +msgid "Classic probability problems" +msgstr "经典概率问题" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1042 +msgid ":class:`NormalDist` readily solves classic probability problems." +msgstr ":class:`NormalDist` 适合用来解决经典概率问题。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1044 +msgid "" +"For example, given `historical data for SAT exams " +"`_ showing " +"that scores are normally distributed with a mean of 1060 and a standard " +"deviation of 195, determine the percentage of students with test scores " +"between 1100 and 1200, after rounding to the nearest whole number:" +msgstr "" +"举例来说，如果 `SAT 考试的历史数据 " +"`_ 显示分数呈平均值为" +" 1060 且标准差为 195 的正态分布，则可以确定考试分数处于 1100 和 1200 之间的学生的百分比舍入到最接近的整数应为：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1050 +msgid "" +">>> sat = NormalDist(1060, 195)\n" +">>> fraction = sat.cdf(1200 + 0.5) - sat.cdf(1100 - 0.5)\n" +">>> round(fraction * 100.0, 1)\n" +"18.4" +msgstr "" +">>> sat = NormalDist(1060, 195)\n" +">>> fraction = sat.cdf(1200 + 0.5) - sat.cdf(1100 - 0.5)\n" +">>> round(fraction * 100.0, 1)\n" +"18.4" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"Find the `quartiles `_ and `deciles " +"`_ for the SAT scores:" +msgstr "" +"求 SAT 分数的 `四分位 `_ 和 `十分位 " +"`_：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1060 +msgid "" +">>> list(map(round, sat.quantiles()))\n" +"[928, 1060, 1192]\n" +">>> list(map(round, sat.quantiles(n=10)))\n" +"[810, 896, 958, 1011, 1060, 1109, 1162, 1224, 1310]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(map(round, sat.quantiles()))\n" +"[928, 1060, 1192]\n" +">>> list(map(round, sat.quantiles(n=10)))\n" +"[810, 896, 958, 1011, 1060, 1109, 1162, 1224, 1310]" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1069 +msgid "Monte Carlo inputs for simulations" +msgstr "蒙特卡罗模拟输入" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"To estimate the distribution for a model that isn't easy to solve " +"analytically, :class:`NormalDist` can generate input samples for a `Monte " +"Carlo simulation `_:" +msgstr "" +"为了估算一个不易获得解析解的模型分布，:class:`NormalDist` 可以生成用于 `蒙特卡洛模拟 " +"`_ 的输入样本：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1075 +msgid "" +">>> def model(x, y, z):\n" +"... return (3*x + 7*x*y - 5*y) / (11 * z)\n" +"...\n" +">>> n = 100_000\n" +">>> X = NormalDist(10, 2.5).samples(n, seed=3652260728)\n" +">>> Y = NormalDist(15, 1.75).samples(n, seed=4582495471)\n" +">>> Z = NormalDist(50, 1.25).samples(n, seed=6582483453)\n" +">>> quantiles(map(model, X, Y, Z))\n" +"[1.4591308524824727, 1.8035946855390597, 2.175091447274739]" +msgstr "" +">>> def model(x, y, z):\n" +"... return (3*x + 7*x*y - 5*y) / (11 * z)\n" +"...\n" +">>> n = 100_000\n" +">>> X = NormalDist(10, 2.5).samples(n, seed=3652260728)\n" +">>> Y = NormalDist(15, 1.75).samples(n, seed=4582495471)\n" +">>> Z = NormalDist(50, 1.25).samples(n, seed=6582483453)\n" +">>> quantiles(map(model, X, Y, Z))\n" +"[1.4591308524824727, 1.8035946855390597, 2.175091447274739]" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1088 +msgid "Approximating binomial distributions" +msgstr "近似二项分布" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"Normal distributions can be used to approximate `Binomial distributions " +"`_ when the sample " +"size is large and when the probability of a successful trial is near 50%." +msgstr "" +"当样本量较大且成功试验的可能性接近 50% 时，正态分布可以被用来模拟 `二项式分布 " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"For example, an open source conference has 750 attendees and two rooms with " +"a 500 person capacity. There is a talk about Python and another about Ruby." +" In previous conferences, 65% of the attendees preferred to listen to Python" +" talks. Assuming the population preferences haven't changed, what is the " +"probability that the Python room will stay within its capacity limits?" +msgstr "" +"例如，一次开源会议有 750 名与会者和两个可分别容纳 500 人的会议厅。 会上有一场关于 Python 的演讲和一场关于 Ruby 的演讲。 " +"在往届会议中，65% 的与会者更愿意去听关于 Python 的演讲。 假定人群的偏好没有发生改变，那么 Python " +"演讲的会议厅不超出其容量上限的可能性是多少？" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1101 +msgid "" +">>> n = 750 # Sample size\n" +">>> p = 0.65 # Preference for Python\n" +">>> q = 1.0 - p # Preference for Ruby\n" +">>> k = 500 # Room capacity\n" +"\n" +">>> # Approximation using the cumulative normal distribution\n" +">>> from math import sqrt\n" +">>> round(NormalDist(mu=n*p, sigma=sqrt(n*p*q)).cdf(k + 0.5), 4)\n" +"0.8402\n" +"\n" +">>> # Exact solution using the cumulative binomial distribution\n" +">>> from math import comb, fsum\n" +">>> round(fsum(comb(n, r) * p**r * q**(n-r) for r in range(k+1)), 4)\n" +"0.8402\n" +"\n" +">>> # Approximation using a simulation\n" +">>> from random import seed, binomialvariate\n" +">>> seed(8675309)\n" +">>> mean(binomialvariate(n, p) <= k for i in range(10_000))\n" +"0.8406" +msgstr "" +">>> n = 750 # 样本大小\n" +">>> p = 0.65 # 对 Python 的偏好\n" +">>> q = 1.0 - p # 对 Ruby 的偏好\n" +">>> k = 500 # 空间容量\n" +"\n" +">>> # 使用积累正态分布的近似解\n" +">>> from math import sqrt\n" +">>> round(NormalDist(mu=n*p, sigma=sqrt(n*p*q)).cdf(k + 0.5), 4)\n" +"0.8402\n" +"\n" +">>> # 使用积累二项分布的精确解\n" +">>> from math import comb, fsum\n" +">>> round(fsum(comb(n, r) * p**r * q**(n-r) for r in range(k+1)), 4)\n" +"0.8402\n" +"\n" +">>> # 使用随机模拟的近似解\n" +">>> from random import seed, binomialvariate\n" +">>> seed(8675309)\n" +">>> mean(binomialvariate(n, p) <= k for i in range(10_000))\n" +"0.8406" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1126 +msgid "Naive bayesian classifier" +msgstr "朴素贝叶斯分类器" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1128 +msgid "Normal distributions commonly arise in machine learning problems." +msgstr "在机器学习问题中也经常会出现正态分布。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"Wikipedia has a `nice example of a Naive Bayesian Classifier " +"`_." +" The challenge is to predict a person's gender from measurements of normally" +" distributed features including height, weight, and foot size." +msgstr "" +"维基百科上有一个 `朴素贝叶斯分类器的良好样例 " +"`_。" +" 要处理的问题是根据对多个分布的特征测量值包括身高、体重和足部尺码来预测一个人的性别。" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1135 +msgid "" +"We're given a training dataset with measurements for eight people. The " +"measurements are assumed to be normally distributed, so we summarize the " +"data with :class:`NormalDist`:" +msgstr "我们得到了由八个人的测量值组成的训练数据集。 假定这些测量值是正态分布的，因此我们用 :class:`NormalDist` 来总结数据：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1139 +msgid "" +">>> height_male = NormalDist.from_samples([6, 5.92, 5.58, 5.92])\n" +">>> height_female = NormalDist.from_samples([5, 5.5, 5.42, 5.75])\n" +">>> weight_male = NormalDist.from_samples([180, 190, 170, 165])\n" +">>> weight_female = NormalDist.from_samples([100, 150, 130, 150])\n" +">>> foot_size_male = NormalDist.from_samples([12, 11, 12, 10])\n" +">>> foot_size_female = NormalDist.from_samples([6, 8, 7, 9])" +msgstr "" +">>> height_male = NormalDist.from_samples([6, 5.92, 5.58, 5.92])\n" +">>> height_female = NormalDist.from_samples([5, 5.5, 5.42, 5.75])\n" +">>> weight_male = NormalDist.from_samples([180, 190, 170, 165])\n" +">>> weight_female = NormalDist.from_samples([100, 150, 130, 150])\n" +">>> foot_size_male = NormalDist.from_samples([12, 11, 12, 10])\n" +">>> foot_size_female = NormalDist.from_samples([6, 8, 7, 9])" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"Next, we encounter a new person whose feature measurements are known but " +"whose gender is unknown:" +msgstr "接下来，我们遇到一个特征测量值已知但性别未知的新人：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1151 +msgid "" +">>> ht = 6.0 # height\n" +">>> wt = 130 # weight\n" +">>> fs = 8 # foot size" +msgstr "" +">>> ht = 6.0 # height\n" +">>> wt = 130 # weight\n" +">>> fs = 8 # foot size" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1157 +msgid "" +"Starting with a 50% `prior probability " +"`_ of being male or female," +" we compute the posterior as the prior times the product of likelihoods for " +"the feature measurements given the gender:" +msgstr "" +"从是男是女各 50% 的 `先验概率 `_ " +"出发，我们通过将该先验概率乘以给定性别的特征度量值的可能性累积值来计算后验概率：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1162 +msgid "" +">>> prior_male = 0.5\n" +">>> prior_female = 0.5\n" +">>> posterior_male = (prior_male * height_male.pdf(ht) *\n" +"... weight_male.pdf(wt) * foot_size_male.pdf(fs))\n" +"\n" +">>> posterior_female = (prior_female * height_female.pdf(ht) *\n" +"... weight_female.pdf(wt) * foot_size_female.pdf(fs))" +msgstr "" +">>> prior_male = 0.5\n" +">>> prior_female = 0.5\n" +">>> posterior_male = (prior_male * height_male.pdf(ht) *\n" +"... weight_male.pdf(wt) * foot_size_male.pdf(fs))\n" +"\n" +">>> posterior_female = (prior_female * height_female.pdf(ht) *\n" +"... weight_female.pdf(wt) * foot_size_female.pdf(fs))" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"The final prediction goes to the largest posterior. This is known as the " +"`maximum a posteriori " +"`_ or MAP:" +msgstr "" +"最终预测值应为最大后验概率值。 这种算法被称为 `maximum a posteriori " +"`_ 或 MAP：" + +#: ../../library/statistics.rst:1176 +msgid "" +">>> 'male' if posterior_male > posterior_female else 'female'\n" +"'female'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'male' if posterior_male > posterior_female else 'female'\n" +"'female'" diff --git a/library/stdtypes.po b/library/stdtypes.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d924d676 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/stdtypes.po @@ -0,0 +1,9962 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Konge , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# CommonZ , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# belingud <1170202353@qq.com>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Sean Chao , 2021 +# CCXXXI , 2021 +# laazy , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# helloworldSB , 2023 +# Y. Z. Chen <754097987@qq.com>, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# sunsol s , 2023 +# Xu Siyuan, 2023 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# sgqy , 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2025 +# emrich , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:13+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:8 +msgid "Built-in Types" +msgstr "内置类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The following sections describe the standard types that are built into the " +"interpreter." +msgstr "以下部分描述了解释器中内置的标准类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The principal built-in types are numerics, sequences, mappings, classes, " +"instances and exceptions." +msgstr "主要内置类型有数字、序列、映射、类、实例和异常。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Some collection classes are mutable. The methods that add, subtract, or " +"rearrange their members in place, and don't return a specific item, never " +"return the collection instance itself but ``None``." +msgstr "" +"有些多项集类是可变的。 它们用于添加、移除或重排其成员的方法将原地执行，并不返回特定的项，绝对不会返回多项集实例自身而是返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Some operations are supported by several object types; in particular, " +"practically all objects can be compared for equality, tested for truth " +"value, and converted to a string (with the :func:`repr` function or the " +"slightly different :func:`str` function). The latter function is implicitly" +" used when an object is written by the :func:`print` function." +msgstr "" +"有些操作受多种对象类型的支持；特别地，实际上所有对象都可以比较是否相等、检测逻辑值，以及转换为字符串（使用 :func:`repr` 函数或略有差异的 " +":func:`str` 函数）。 后一个函数是在对象由 :func:`print` 函数输出时被隐式地调用的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:32 +msgid "Truth Value Testing" +msgstr "逻辑值检测" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Any object can be tested for truth value, for use in an :keyword:`if` or " +":keyword:`while` condition or as operand of the Boolean operations below." +msgstr "" +"任何对象都可以进行逻辑值的检测，以便在 :keyword:`if` 或 :keyword:`while` " +"作为条件或是作为下文所述布尔运算的操作数来使用。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:46 +msgid "" +"By default, an object is considered true unless its class defines either a " +":meth:`~object.__bool__` method that returns ``False`` or a " +":meth:`~object.__len__` method that returns zero, when called with the " +"object. [1]_ Here are most of the built-in objects considered false:" +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，一个对象会被视为具有真值，除非其所属的类定义了在对象上调用时返回 ``False`` 的 :meth:`~object.__bool__`" +" 方法或者返回零的 :meth:`~object.__len__` 方法。 [1]_ 以下基本完整地列出了具有假值的内置对象：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:56 +msgid "constants defined to be false: ``None`` and ``False``" +msgstr "被定义为假值的常量: ``None`` 和 ``False``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:58 +msgid "" +"zero of any numeric type: ``0``, ``0.0``, ``0j``, ``Decimal(0)``, " +"``Fraction(0, 1)``" +msgstr "任何数值类型的零: ``0``, ``0.0``, ``0j``, ``Decimal(0)``, ``Fraction(0, 1)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:61 +msgid "" +"empty sequences and collections: ``''``, ``()``, ``[]``, ``{}``, ``set()``, " +"``range(0)``" +msgstr "空的序列和多项集: ``''``, ``()``, ``[]``, ``{}``, ``set()``, ``range(0)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Operations and built-in functions that have a Boolean result always return " +"``0`` or ``False`` for false and ``1`` or ``True`` for true, unless " +"otherwise stated. (Important exception: the Boolean operations ``or`` and " +"``and`` always return one of their operands.)" +msgstr "" +"产生布尔值结果的运算和内置函数总是返回 ``0`` 或 ``False`` 作为假值，``1`` 或 ``True`` 作为真值，除非另行说明。 " +"（重要例外：布尔运算 ``or`` 和 ``and`` 总是返回其中一个操作数。）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Boolean Operations --- :keyword:`!and`, :keyword:`!or`, :keyword:`!not`" +msgstr "布尔运算 --- :keyword:`!and`, :keyword:`!or`, :keyword:`!not`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:83 +msgid "These are the Boolean operations, ordered by ascending priority:" +msgstr "这些属于布尔运算，按优先级升序排列:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:86 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:144 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:276 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:366 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:416 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:965 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1170 +msgid "Operation" +msgstr "运算" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:86 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:276 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:366 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:416 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:965 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1170 +msgid "Result" +msgstr "结果：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:86 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:276 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:416 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:965 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1170 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2578 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3797 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:88 +msgid "``x or y``" +msgstr "``x or y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:88 +msgid "if *x* is true, then *x*, else *y*" +msgstr "如果 *x* 为真值，则 *x*，否则 *y*" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:88 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:967 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:970 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1181 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2584 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3803 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:91 +msgid "``x and y``" +msgstr "``x and y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:91 +msgid "if *x* is false, then *x*, else *y*" +msgstr "if *x* is false, then *x*, else *y*" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:91 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:289 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:309 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1209 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2588 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2590 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3807 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3809 +msgid "\\(2)" +msgstr "\\(2)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:94 +msgid "``not x``" +msgstr "``not x``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:94 +msgid "if *x* is false, then ``True``, else ``False``" +msgstr "if *x* is false, then ``True``, else ``False``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:94 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:979 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1212 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2592 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2594 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2596 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2598 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3811 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3813 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3815 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3817 +msgid "\\(3)" +msgstr "\\(3)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:103 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:320 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:434 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1016 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1221 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2624 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3847 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:106 +msgid "" +"This is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second argument " +"if the first one is false." +msgstr "这是个短路运算符，因此只有在第一个参数为假值时才会对第二个参数求值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:110 +msgid "" +"This is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second argument " +"if the first one is true." +msgstr "这是个短路运算符，因此只有在第一个参数为真值时才会对第二个参数求值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:114 +msgid "" +"``not`` has a lower priority than non-Boolean operators, so ``not a == b`` " +"is interpreted as ``not (a == b)``, and ``a == not b`` is a syntax error." +msgstr "" +"``not`` 的优先级比非布尔运算符低，因此 ``not a == b`` 会被解读为 ``not (a == b)`` 而 ``a == not " +"b`` 会引发语法错误。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:121 +msgid "Comparisons" +msgstr "比较运算" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:135 +msgid "" +"There are eight comparison operations in Python. They all have the same " +"priority (which is higher than that of the Boolean operations). Comparisons" +" can be chained arbitrarily; for example, ``x < y <= z`` is equivalent to " +"``x < y and y <= z``, except that *y* is evaluated only once (but in both " +"cases *z* is not evaluated at all when ``x < y`` is found to be false)." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中有八种比较运算符。 它们的优先级相同（比布尔运算的优先级高）。 比较运算可以任意串连；例如，``x < y <= z`` 等价于 " +"``x < y and y <= z``，前者的不同之处在于 *y* 只被求值一次（但在两种情况下当 ``x < y`` 结果为假值时 *z* " +"都不会被求值）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:141 +msgid "This table summarizes the comparison operations:" +msgstr "此表格汇总了比较运算:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:144 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2410 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2555 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2578 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3774 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3797 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:146 +msgid "``<``" +msgstr "``<``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:146 +msgid "strictly less than" +msgstr "严格小于" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:148 +msgid "``<=``" +msgstr "``<=``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:148 +msgid "less than or equal" +msgstr "小于或等于" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:150 +msgid "``>``" +msgstr "``>``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:150 +msgid "strictly greater than" +msgstr "严格大于" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:152 +msgid "``>=``" +msgstr "``>=``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:152 +msgid "greater than or equal" +msgstr "大于或等于" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:154 +msgid "``==``" +msgstr "``==``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:154 +msgid "equal" +msgstr "等于" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:156 +msgid "``!=``" +msgstr "``!=``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:156 +msgid "not equal" +msgstr "不等于" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:158 +msgid "``is``" +msgstr "``is``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:158 +msgid "object identity" +msgstr "对象标识" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:160 +msgid "``is not``" +msgstr "``is not``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:160 +msgid "negated object identity" +msgstr "否定的对象标识" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Objects of different types, except different numeric types, never compare " +"equal. The ``==`` operator is always defined but for some object types (for " +"example, class objects) is equivalent to :keyword:`is`. The ``<``, ``<=``, " +"``>`` and ``>=`` operators are only defined where they make sense; for " +"example, they raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception when one of the arguments " +"is a complex number." +msgstr "" +"除不同的数字类型外，不同类型的对象不能进行相等比较。``==`` 运算符总有定义，但对于某些对象类型（例如，类对象），它等于 :keyword:`is`" +" 。其他 ``<``、``<=``、``>`` 和 ``>=`` 运算符仅在有意义的地方定义。例如，当参与比较的参数之一为复数时，它们会抛出 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Non-identical instances of a class normally compare as non-equal unless the " +"class defines the :meth:`~object.__eq__` method." +msgstr "具有不同标识的类的实例比较结果通常为不相等，除非类定义了 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Instances of a class cannot be ordered with respect to other instances of " +"the same class, or other types of object, unless the class defines enough of" +" the methods :meth:`~object.__lt__`, :meth:`~object.__le__`, " +":meth:`~object.__gt__`, and :meth:`~object.__ge__` (in general, " +":meth:`~object.__lt__` and :meth:`~object.__eq__` are sufficient, if you " +"want the conventional meanings of the comparison operators)." +msgstr "" +"一个类的实例不能与相同类的其他实例或其他类型的对象进行排序，除非定义该类定义了足够多的方法，包括 :meth:`~object.__lt__`, " +":meth:`~object.__le__`, :meth:`~object.__gt__` 以及 :meth:`~object.__ge__` " +"(而如果你想实现常规意义上的比较操作，通常只要有 :meth:`~object.__lt__` 和 :meth:`~object.__eq__` " +"就可以了)。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:191 +msgid "" +"The behavior of the :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`is not` operators cannot be " +"customized; also they can be applied to any two objects and never raise an " +"exception." +msgstr ":keyword:`is` 和 :keyword:`is not` 运算符无法自定义；并且它们可以被应用于任意两个对象而不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Two more operations with the same syntactic priority, :keyword:`in` and " +":keyword:`not in`, are supported by types that are :term:`iterable` or " +"implement the :meth:`~object.__contains__` method." +msgstr "" +"还有两种具有相同语法优先级的运算 :keyword:`in` 和 :keyword:`not in`，它们被 :term:`iterable` 或实现了" +" :meth:`~object.__contains__` 方法的类型所支持。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:206 +msgid "Numeric Types --- :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex`" +msgstr "数字类型 --- :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:216 +msgid "" +"There are three distinct numeric types: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating-" +"point numbers`, and :dfn:`complex numbers`. In addition, Booleans are a " +"subtype of integers. Integers have unlimited precision. Floating-point " +"numbers are usually implemented using :c:expr:`double` in C; information " +"about the precision and internal representation of floating-point numbers " +"for the machine on which your program is running is available in " +":data:`sys.float_info`. Complex numbers have a real and imaginary part, " +"which are each a floating-point number. To extract these parts from a " +"complex number *z*, use ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``. (The standard library " +"includes the additional numeric types :mod:`fractions.Fraction`, for " +"rationals, and :mod:`decimal.Decimal`, for floating-point numbers with user-" +"definable precision.)" +msgstr "" +"存在三种不同的数字类型: :dfn:`整数`, :dfn:`浮点数` 和 :dfn:`复数`。 此外，布尔值属于整数的子类型。 整数具有无限的精度。 " +"浮点数通常使用 C 中的 :c:expr:`double` 来实现；有关你的程序运行所在机器上浮点数的精度和内部表示法可在 " +":data:`sys.float_info` 中查看。 复数包含实部和虚部，分别以一个浮点数表示。 要从一个复数 *z* 中提取这两个部分，可使用 " +"``z.real`` 和 ``z.imag``。 （标准库包含附加的数字类型，如表示有理数的 :mod:`fractions.Fraction` " +"以及以用户定制精度表示浮点数的 :mod:`decimal.Decimal`。）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:238 +msgid "" +"Numbers are created by numeric literals or as the result of built-in " +"functions and operators. Unadorned integer literals (including hex, octal " +"and binary numbers) yield integers. Numeric literals containing a decimal " +"point or an exponent sign yield floating-point numbers. Appending ``'j'`` " +"or ``'J'`` to a numeric literal yields an imaginary number (a complex number" +" with a zero real part) which you can add to an integer or float to get a " +"complex number with real and imaginary parts." +msgstr "" +"数字是由数字字面值或内置函数与运算符的结果来创建的。 不带修饰的整数字面值（包括十六进制、八进制和二进制数）会生成整数。 " +"包含小数点或幂运算符的数字字面值会生成浮点数。 在数字字面值末尾加上 ``'j'`` 或 ``'J'`` " +"会生成虚数（实部为零的复数），你可以将其与整数或浮点数相加来得到具有实部和虚部的复数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Python fully supports mixed arithmetic: when a binary arithmetic operator " +"has operands of different numeric types, the operand with the \"narrower\" " +"type is widened to that of the other, where integer is narrower than " +"floating point, which is narrower than complex. A comparison between numbers" +" of different types behaves as though the exact values of those numbers were" +" being compared. [2]_" +msgstr "" +"Python " +"完全支持混合运算：当一个二元算术运算符的操作数有不同数值类型时，\"较窄\"类型的操作数会拓宽到另一个操作数的类型，其中整数比浮点数窄，浮点数比复数窄。不同类型的数字之间的比较，同比较这些数字的精确值一样。[2]_" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The constructors :func:`int`, :func:`float`, and :func:`complex` can be used" +" to produce numbers of a specific type." +msgstr "构造函数 :func:`int`、 :func:`float` 和 :func:`complex` 可以用来构造特定类型的数字。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:272 +msgid "" +"All numeric types (except complex) support the following operations (for " +"priorities of the operations, see :ref:`operator-summary`):" +msgstr "所有数字类型（复数除外）都支持下列运算（有关运算优先级，请参阅：:ref:`operator-summary`）:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:276 +msgid "Full documentation" +msgstr "完整文档" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:278 +msgid "``x + y``" +msgstr "``x + y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:278 +msgid "sum of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 的和" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:280 +msgid "``x - y``" +msgstr "``x - y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:280 +msgid "difference of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 的差" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:282 +msgid "``x * y``" +msgstr "``x * y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:282 +msgid "product of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 的乘积" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:284 +msgid "``x / y``" +msgstr "``x / y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:284 +msgid "quotient of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 的商" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:286 +msgid "``x // y``" +msgstr "``x // y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:286 +msgid "floored quotient of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 的商数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:286 +msgid "\\(1)\\(2)" +msgstr "\\(1)\\(2)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:289 +msgid "``x % y``" +msgstr "``x % y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:289 +msgid "remainder of ``x / y``" +msgstr "``x / y`` 的余数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:291 +msgid "``-x``" +msgstr "``-x``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:291 +msgid "*x* negated" +msgstr "*x* 取反" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:293 +msgid "``+x``" +msgstr "``+x``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:293 +msgid "*x* unchanged" +msgstr "*x* 不变" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:295 +msgid "``abs(x)``" +msgstr "``abs(x)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:295 +msgid "absolute value or magnitude of *x*" +msgstr "*x* 的绝对值或大小" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:295 +msgid ":func:`abs`" +msgstr ":func:`abs`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:298 +msgid "``int(x)``" +msgstr "``int(x)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:298 +msgid "*x* converted to integer" +msgstr "将 *x* 转换为整数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:298 +msgid "\\(3)\\(6)" +msgstr "\\(3)\\(6)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:298 +msgid ":func:`int`" +msgstr ":func:`int`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:300 +msgid "``float(x)``" +msgstr "``float(x)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:300 +msgid "*x* converted to floating point" +msgstr "将 *x* 转换为浮点数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:300 +msgid "\\(4)\\(6)" +msgstr "\\(4)\\(6)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:300 +msgid ":func:`float`" +msgstr ":func:`float`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:302 +msgid "``complex(re, im)``" +msgstr "``complex(re, im)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:302 +msgid "" +"a complex number with real part *re*, imaginary part *im*. *im* defaults to " +"zero." +msgstr "一个带有实部 *re* 和虚部 *im* 的复数。*im* 默认为0。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:302 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1202 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2586 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3834 +msgid "\\(6)" +msgstr "\\(6)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:302 +msgid ":func:`complex`" +msgstr ":func:`complex`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:306 +msgid "``c.conjugate()``" +msgstr "``c.conjugate()``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:306 +msgid "conjugate of the complex number *c*" +msgstr "复数 *c* 的共轭" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:309 +msgid "``divmod(x, y)``" +msgstr "``divmod(x, y)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:309 +msgid "the pair ``(x // y, x % y)``" +msgstr "``(x // y, x % y)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:309 +msgid ":func:`divmod`" +msgstr ":func:`divmod`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:311 +msgid "``pow(x, y)``" +msgstr "``pow(x, y)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:311 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:313 +msgid "*x* to the power *y*" +msgstr "*x* 的 *y* 次幂" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:311 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:313 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1191 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1194 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2611 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2614 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2617 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3830 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3837 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:311 +msgid ":func:`pow`" +msgstr ":func:`pow`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:313 +msgid "``x ** y``" +msgstr "``x ** y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:323 +msgid "" +"Also referred to as integer division. For operands of type :class:`int`, " +"the result has type :class:`int`. For operands of type :class:`float`, the " +"result has type :class:`float`. In general, the result is a whole integer, " +"though the result's type is not necessarily :class:`int`. The result is " +"always rounded towards minus infinity: ``1//2`` is ``0``, ``(-1)//2`` is " +"``-1``, ``1//(-2)`` is ``-1``, and ``(-1)//(-2)`` is ``0``." +msgstr "" +"也称为整数除法。 对于 :class:`int` 类型的操作数，结果的类型为 :class:`int`。 对于 :class:`float` " +"类型的操作数，结果的类型为 :class:`float`。 总的说来，结果是一个整数，但结果的类型不一定为 :class:`int`。 " +"结果总是向负无穷的方向舍入: ``1//2`` 为``0``，``(-1)//2`` 为 ``-1``，``1//(-2)`` 为 " +"``-1``，``(-1)//(-2)`` 为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Not for complex numbers. Instead convert to floats using :func:`abs` if " +"appropriate." +msgstr "不可用于复数。 而应在适当条件下使用 :func:`abs` 转换为浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Conversion from :class:`float` to :class:`int` truncates, discarding the " +"fractional part. See functions :func:`math.floor` and :func:`math.ceil` for " +"alternative conversions." +msgstr "" +"从 :class:`float` 转换为 :class:`int` 将会执行截断，丢弃掉小数部分。 请参阅 :func:`math.floor` 和 " +":func:`math.ceil` 函数了解替代的转换方式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:347 +msgid "" +"float also accepts the strings \"nan\" and \"inf\" with an optional prefix " +"\"+\" or \"-\" for Not a Number (NaN) and positive or negative infinity." +msgstr "float 也接受字符串 \"nan\" 和附带可选前缀 \"+\" 或 \"-\" 的 \"inf\" 分别表示非数字 (NaN) 以及正或负无穷。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:351 +msgid "" +"Python defines ``pow(0, 0)`` and ``0 ** 0`` to be ``1``, as is common for " +"programming languages." +msgstr "Python 将 ``pow(0, 0)`` 和 ``0 ** 0`` 定义为 ``1``，这是编程语言的普遍做法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:355 +msgid "" +"The numeric literals accepted include the digits ``0`` to ``9`` or any " +"Unicode equivalent (code points with the ``Nd`` property)." +msgstr "接受的数字字面值包括数码 ``0`` 到 ``9`` 或任何等效的 Unicode 字符（具有 ``Nd`` 特征属性的代码点）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:358 +msgid "" +"See `the Unicode Standard " +"`_ for " +"a complete list of code points with the ``Nd`` property." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 `Unicode 标准 " +"`_ 了解具有" +" ``Nd`` 特征属性的码位完整列表。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:362 +msgid "" +"All :class:`numbers.Real` types (:class:`int` and :class:`float`) also " +"include the following operations:" +msgstr "所有 :class:`numbers.Real` 类型 (:class:`int` 和 :class:`float`) 还包括下列运算:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:368 +msgid ":func:`math.trunc(\\ x) `" +msgstr ":func:`math.trunc(\\ x) `" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:368 +msgid "*x* truncated to :class:`~numbers.Integral`" +msgstr "*x* 截断为 :class:`~numbers.Integral`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:371 +msgid ":func:`round(x[, n]) `" +msgstr ":func:`round(x[, n]) `" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:371 +msgid "" +"*x* rounded to *n* digits, rounding half to even. If *n* is omitted, it " +"defaults to 0." +msgstr "*x* 舍入到 *n* 位小数，半数值会舍入到偶数。 如果省略 *n*，则默认为 0。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:375 +msgid ":func:`math.floor(\\ x) `" +msgstr ":func:`math.floor(\\ x) `" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:375 +msgid "the greatest :class:`~numbers.Integral` <= *x*" +msgstr "<= *x* 的最大 :class:`~numbers.Integral`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:378 +msgid ":func:`math.ceil(x) `" +msgstr ":func:`math.ceil(x) `" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:378 +msgid "the least :class:`~numbers.Integral` >= *x*" +msgstr ">= *x* 的最小 :class:`~numbers.Integral`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:382 +msgid "" +"For additional numeric operations see the :mod:`math` and :mod:`cmath` " +"modules." +msgstr "有关更多的数字运算请参阅 :mod:`math` 和 :mod:`cmath` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:391 +msgid "Bitwise Operations on Integer Types" +msgstr "整数类型的按位运算" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Bitwise operations only make sense for integers. The result of bitwise " +"operations is calculated as though carried out in two's complement with an " +"infinite number of sign bits." +msgstr "按位运算只对整数有意义。 计算按位运算的结果，就相当于使用无穷多个二进制符号位对二的补码执行操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:409 +msgid "" +"The priorities of the binary bitwise operations are all lower than the " +"numeric operations and higher than the comparisons; the unary operation " +"``~`` has the same priority as the other unary numeric operations (``+`` and" +" ``-``)." +msgstr "" +"二进制按位运算的优先级全都低于数字运算，但又高于比较运算；一元运算 ``~`` 具有与其他一元算术运算 (``+`` and ``-``) " +"相同的优先级。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:413 +msgid "This table lists the bitwise operations sorted in ascending priority:" +msgstr "此表格是以优先级升序排序的按位运算列表:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:418 +msgid "``x | y``" +msgstr "``x | y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:418 +msgid "bitwise :dfn:`or` of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 按位 :dfn:`或`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:418 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:421 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:424 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1216 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2600 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2604 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3819 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3823 +msgid "\\(4)" +msgstr "\\(4)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:421 +msgid "``x ^ y``" +msgstr "``x ^ y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:421 +msgid "bitwise :dfn:`exclusive or` of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 按位 :dfn:`异或`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:424 +msgid "``x & y``" +msgstr "``x & y``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:424 +msgid "bitwise :dfn:`and` of *x* and *y*" +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 按位 :dfn:`与`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:427 +msgid "``x << n``" +msgstr "``x << n``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:427 +msgid "*x* shifted left by *n* bits" +msgstr "*x* 左移 *n* 位" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:427 +msgid "(1)(2)" +msgstr "(1)(2)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:429 +msgid "``x >> n``" +msgstr "``x >> n``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:429 +msgid "*x* shifted right by *n* bits" +msgstr "*x* 右移 *n* 位" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:429 +msgid "(1)(3)" +msgstr "(1)(3)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:431 +msgid "``~x``" +msgstr "``~x``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:431 +msgid "the bits of *x* inverted" +msgstr "*x* 逐位取反" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:437 +msgid "" +"Negative shift counts are illegal and cause a :exc:`ValueError` to be " +"raised." +msgstr "负的移位数是非法的，会导致引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:440 +msgid "" +"A left shift by *n* bits is equivalent to multiplication by ``pow(2, n)``." +msgstr "左移 *n* 位等价于乘以 ``pow(2, n)`` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:443 +msgid "" +"A right shift by *n* bits is equivalent to floor division by ``pow(2, n)``." +msgstr "右移 *n* 位等价于除以 ``pow(2, n)`` ，作向下取整除法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:446 +msgid "" +"Performing these calculations with at least one extra sign extension bit in " +"a finite two's complement representation (a working bit-width of ``1 + " +"max(x.bit_length(), y.bit_length())`` or more) is sufficient to get the same" +" result as if there were an infinite number of sign bits." +msgstr "" +"使用带有至少一个额外符号扩展位的有限个二进制补码表示（有效位宽度为 ``1 + max(x.bit_length(), " +"y.bit_length())`` 或以上）执行这些计算就足以获得相当于有无数个符号位时的同样结果。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:453 +msgid "Additional Methods on Integer Types" +msgstr "整数类型的附加方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:455 +msgid "" +"The int type implements the :class:`numbers.Integral` :term:`abstract base " +"class`. In addition, it provides a few more methods:" +msgstr "" +"int 类型实现了 :class:`numbers.Integral` :term:`abstract base class`。 " +"此外，它还提供了其他几个方法:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Return the number of bits necessary to represent an integer in binary, " +"excluding the sign and leading zeros::" +msgstr "返回以二进制表示一个整数所需要的位数，不包括符号位和前面的零::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:463 +msgid "" +">>> n = -37\n" +">>> bin(n)\n" +"'-0b100101'\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"6" +msgstr "" +">>> n = -37\n" +">>> bin(n)\n" +"'-0b100101'\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"6" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:469 +msgid "" +"More precisely, if ``x`` is nonzero, then ``x.bit_length()`` is the unique " +"positive integer ``k`` such that ``2**(k-1) <= abs(x) < 2**k``. " +"Equivalently, when ``abs(x)`` is small enough to have a correctly rounded " +"logarithm, then ``k = 1 + int(log(abs(x), 2))``. If ``x`` is zero, then " +"``x.bit_length()`` returns ``0``." +msgstr "" +"更准确地说，如果 ``x`` 非零，则 ``x.bit_length()`` 是使得 ``2**(k-1) <= abs(x) < 2**k`` " +"的唯一正整数 ``k``。 同样地，当 ``abs(x)`` 小到足以具有正确的舍入对数时，则 ``k = 1 + int(log(abs(x), " +"2))``。 如果 ``x`` 为零，则 ``x.bit_length()`` 返回 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:475 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:498 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:543 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:587 +msgid "Equivalent to::" +msgstr "等价于::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:477 +msgid "" +"def bit_length(self):\n" +" s = bin(self) # binary representation: bin(-37) --> '-0b100101'\n" +" s = s.lstrip('-0b') # remove leading zeros and minus sign\n" +" return len(s) # len('100101') --> 6" +msgstr "" +"def bit_length(self):\n" +" s = bin(self) # 二进制表示形式: bin(-37) --> '-0b100101'\n" +" s = s.lstrip('-0b') # 移除开头的零和负号\n" +" return len(s) # len('100101') --> 6" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:486 +msgid "" +"Return the number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value" +" of the integer. This is also known as the population count. Example::" +msgstr "返回整数的绝对值的二进制表示中 1 的个数。也被称为 population count。示例::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:490 +msgid "" +">>> n = 19\n" +">>> bin(n)\n" +"'0b10011'\n" +">>> n.bit_count()\n" +"3\n" +">>> (-n).bit_count()\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> n = 19\n" +">>> bin(n)\n" +"'0b10011'\n" +">>> n.bit_count()\n" +"3\n" +">>> (-n).bit_count()\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:500 +msgid "" +"def bit_count(self):\n" +" return bin(self).count(\"1\")" +msgstr "" +"def bit_count(self):\n" +" return bin(self).count(\"1\")" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:507 +msgid "Return an array of bytes representing an integer." +msgstr "返回表示一个整数的字节数组。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:519 +msgid "" +"The integer is represented using *length* bytes, and defaults to 1. An " +":exc:`OverflowError` is raised if the integer is not representable with the " +"given number of bytes." +msgstr "" +"整数会使用 *length* 个字节来表示，默认为 1。 如果整数不能用给定的字节数来表示则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:523 +msgid "" +"The *byteorder* argument determines the byte order used to represent the " +"integer, and defaults to ``\"big\"``. If *byteorder* is ``\"big\"``, the " +"most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If *byteorder*" +" is ``\"little\"``, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte " +"array." +msgstr "" +"*byteorder* 参数确定用于表示整数的字节顺序，默认为 ``\"big\"``。 如果 *byteorder* 为 " +"``\"big\"``，则最高位字节放在字节数组的开头。 如果 *byteorder* 为 " +"``\"little\"``，则最高位字节放在字节数组的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:529 +msgid "" +"The *signed* argument determines whether two's complement is used to " +"represent the integer. If *signed* is ``False`` and a negative integer is " +"given, an :exc:`OverflowError` is raised. The default value for *signed* is " +"``False``." +msgstr "" +"*signed* 参数确定是否使用二的补码来表示整数。 如果 *signed* 为 ``False`` 并且给出的是负整数，则会引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。 *signed* 的默认值为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:534 +msgid "" +"The default values can be used to conveniently turn an integer into a single" +" byte object::" +msgstr "默认值可用于方便地将整数转为一个单字节对象::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:537 +msgid "" +">>> (65).to_bytes()\n" +"b'A'" +msgstr "" +">>> (65).to_bytes()\n" +"b'A'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:540 +msgid "" +"However, when using the default arguments, don't try to convert a value " +"greater than 255 or you'll get an :exc:`OverflowError`." +msgstr "但是，当使用默认参数时，请不要试图转换大于 255 的值否则会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:545 +msgid "" +"def to_bytes(n, length=1, byteorder='big', signed=False):\n" +" if byteorder == 'little':\n" +" order = range(length)\n" +" elif byteorder == 'big':\n" +" order = reversed(range(length))\n" +" else:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"byteorder must be either 'little' or 'big'\")\n" +"\n" +" return bytes((n >> i*8) & 0xff for i in order)" +msgstr "" +"def to_bytes(n, length=1, byteorder='big', signed=False):\n" +" if byteorder == 'little':\n" +" order = range(length)\n" +" elif byteorder == 'big':\n" +" order = reversed(range(length))\n" +" else:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"byteorder must be either 'little' or 'big'\")\n" +"\n" +" return bytes((n >> i*8) & 0xff for i in order)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:556 +msgid "Added default argument values for ``length`` and ``byteorder``." +msgstr "添加了 ``length`` 和 ``byteorder`` 的默认参数值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:561 +msgid "Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes." +msgstr "返回由给定字节数组所表示的整数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:574 +msgid "" +"The argument *bytes* must either be a :term:`bytes-like object` or an " +"iterable producing bytes." +msgstr "*bytes* 参数必须为一个 :term:`bytes-like object` 或是生成字节的可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:577 +msgid "" +"The *byteorder* argument determines the byte order used to represent the " +"integer, and defaults to ``\"big\"``. If *byteorder* is ``\"big\"``, the " +"most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If *byteorder*" +" is ``\"little\"``, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte " +"array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use " +":data:`sys.byteorder` as the byte order value." +msgstr "" +"*byteorder* 参数确定用于表示整数的字节顺序，默认为 ``\"big\"``。 如果 *byteorder* 为 " +"``\"big\"``，则最高位字节放在字节数组的开头。 如果 *byteorder* 为 " +"``\"little\"``，则最高位字节放在字节数组的末尾。 要请求主机系统上的原生字节顺序，请使用 :data:`sys.byteorder` " +"作为字节顺序值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:584 +msgid "" +"The *signed* argument indicates whether two's complement is used to " +"represent the integer." +msgstr "*signed* 参数指明是否使用二的补码来表示整数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:589 +msgid "" +"def from_bytes(bytes, byteorder='big', signed=False):\n" +" if byteorder == 'little':\n" +" little_ordered = list(bytes)\n" +" elif byteorder == 'big':\n" +" little_ordered = list(reversed(bytes))\n" +" else:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"byteorder must be either 'little' or 'big'\")\n" +"\n" +" n = sum(b << i*8 for i, b in enumerate(little_ordered))\n" +" if signed and little_ordered and (little_ordered[-1] & 0x80):\n" +" n -= 1 << 8*len(little_ordered)\n" +"\n" +" return n" +msgstr "" +"def from_bytes(bytes, byteorder='big', signed=False):\n" +" if byteorder == 'little':\n" +" little_ordered = list(bytes)\n" +" elif byteorder == 'big':\n" +" little_ordered = list(reversed(bytes))\n" +" else:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"byteorder must be either 'little' or 'big'\")\n" +"\n" +" n = sum(b << i*8 for i, b in enumerate(little_ordered))\n" +" if signed and little_ordered and (little_ordered[-1] & 0x80):\n" +" n -= 1 << 8*len(little_ordered)\n" +"\n" +" return n" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:604 +msgid "Added default argument value for ``byteorder``." +msgstr "添加了 ``byteorder`` 的默认参数值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:609 +msgid "" +"Return a pair of integers whose ratio is equal to the original integer and " +"has a positive denominator. The integer ratio of integers (whole numbers) " +"is always the integer as the numerator and ``1`` as the denominator." +msgstr "返回一对整数，其比率正好等于原整数并且分母为正数。 整数的比率总是用这个整数本身作为分子并以 ``1`` 作为分母。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True``. Exists for duck type compatibility with " +":meth:`float.is_integer`." +msgstr "返回 ``True``。 存在于兼容 :meth:`float.is_integer` 的鸭子类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:623 +msgid "Additional Methods on Float" +msgstr "浮点类型的附加方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:625 +msgid "" +"The float type implements the :class:`numbers.Real` :term:`abstract base " +"class`. float also has the following additional methods." +msgstr "" +"float 类型实现了 :class:`numbers.Real` :term:`abstract base class`。 float " +"还具有以下附加方法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Return a pair of integers whose ratio is exactly equal to the original " +"float. The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator. Raises " +":exc:`OverflowError` on infinities and a :exc:`ValueError` on NaNs." +msgstr "" +"返回一对整数，其比率正好等于原浮点数。 该比率为最简形式且分母为正值。 无穷大会引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 而 NaN 则会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:637 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the float instance is finite with integral value, and " +"``False`` otherwise::" +msgstr "如果 float 实例可用有限位整数表示则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:640 +msgid "" +">>> (-2.0).is_integer()\n" +"True\n" +">>> (3.2).is_integer()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> (-2.0).is_integer()\n" +"True\n" +">>> (3.2).is_integer()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:645 +msgid "" +"Two methods support conversion to and from hexadecimal strings. Since " +"Python's floats are stored internally as binary numbers, converting a float " +"to or from a *decimal* string usually involves a small rounding error. In " +"contrast, hexadecimal strings allow exact representation and specification " +"of floating-point numbers. This can be useful when debugging, and in " +"numerical work." +msgstr "" +"两个方法均支持与十六进制数字符串之间的转换。 由于 Python 浮点数在内部存储为二进制数，因此浮点数与 *十进制数* " +"字符串之间的转换往往会导致微小的舍入错误。 而十六进制数字符串却允许精确地表示和描述浮点数。 这在进行调试和数值工作时非常有用。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:656 +msgid "" +"Return a representation of a floating-point number as a hexadecimal string." +" For finite floating-point numbers, this representation will always include" +" a leading ``0x`` and a trailing ``p`` and exponent." +msgstr "以十六进制字符串的形式返回一个浮点数表示。 对于有限浮点数，这种表示法将总是包含前导的 ``0x`` 和尾随的 ``p`` 加指数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:664 +msgid "" +"Class method to return the float represented by a hexadecimal string *s*. " +"The string *s* may have leading and trailing whitespace." +msgstr "返回以十六进制字符串 *s* 表示的浮点数的类方法。 字符串 *s* 可以带有前导和尾随的空格。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:669 +msgid "" +"Note that :meth:`float.hex` is an instance method, while " +":meth:`float.fromhex` is a class method." +msgstr "请注意 :meth:`float.hex` 是实例方法，而 :meth:`float.fromhex` 是类方法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:672 +msgid "A hexadecimal string takes the form::" +msgstr "十六进制字符串采用的形式为::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:674 +msgid "[sign] ['0x'] integer ['.' fraction] ['p' exponent]" +msgstr "[sign] ['0x'] integer ['.' fraction] ['p' exponent]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:676 +msgid "" +"where the optional ``sign`` may by either ``+`` or ``-``, ``integer`` and " +"``fraction`` are strings of hexadecimal digits, and ``exponent`` is a " +"decimal integer with an optional leading sign. Case is not significant, and" +" there must be at least one hexadecimal digit in either the integer or the " +"fraction. This syntax is similar to the syntax specified in section 6.4.4.2" +" of the C99 standard, and also to the syntax used in Java 1.5 onwards. In " +"particular, the output of :meth:`float.hex` is usable as a hexadecimal " +"floating-point literal in C or Java code, and hexadecimal strings produced " +"by C's ``%a`` format character or Java's ``Double.toHexString`` are accepted" +" by :meth:`float.fromhex`." +msgstr "" +"可选的 ``sign`` 可以是 ``+`` 或 ``-``，``integer`` 和 ``fraction`` " +"是十六进制数码组成的字符串，``exponent`` 是带有可选前导符的十进制整数。 大小写没有影响，在 integer 或 fraction " +"中必须至少有一个十六进制数码。 此语法类似于 C99 标准的 6.4.4.2 小节中所描述的语法，也是 Java 1.5 以上所使用的语法。 " +"特别地，:meth:`float.hex` 的输出可以用作 C 或 Java 代码中的十六进制浮点数字面值，而由 C 的 ``%a`` 格式字符或 " +"Java 的 ``Double.toHexString`` 所生成的十六进制数字符串由为 :meth:`float.fromhex` 所接受。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:689 +msgid "" +"Note that the exponent is written in decimal rather than hexadecimal, and " +"that it gives the power of 2 by which to multiply the coefficient. For " +"example, the hexadecimal string ``0x3.a7p10`` represents the floating-point " +"number ``(3 + 10./16 + 7./16**2) * 2.0**10``, or ``3740.0``::" +msgstr "" +"请注意 exponent 是十进制数而非十六进制数，它给出要与系数相乘的 2 的幂次。 例如，十六进制数字符串 ``0x3.a7p10`` 表示浮点数 " +"``(3 + 10./16 + 7./16**2) * 2.0**10`` 即 ``3740.0``::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:695 +msgid "" +">>> float.fromhex('0x3.a7p10')\n" +"3740.0" +msgstr "" +">>> float.fromhex('0x3.a7p10')\n" +"3740.0" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:699 +msgid "" +"Applying the reverse conversion to ``3740.0`` gives a different hexadecimal " +"string representing the same number::" +msgstr "对 ``3740.0`` 应用反向转换会得到另一个代表相同数值的十六进制数字符串::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:702 +msgid "" +">>> float.hex(3740.0)\n" +"'0x1.d380000000000p+11'" +msgstr "" +">>> float.hex(3740.0)\n" +"'0x1.d380000000000p+11'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:709 +msgid "Hashing of numeric types" +msgstr "数字类型的哈希运算" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:711 +msgid "" +"For numbers ``x`` and ``y``, possibly of different types, it's a requirement" +" that ``hash(x) == hash(y)`` whenever ``x == y`` (see the " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` method documentation for more details). For ease " +"of implementation and efficiency across a variety of numeric types " +"(including :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` and " +":class:`fractions.Fraction`) Python's hash for numeric types is based on a " +"single mathematical function that's defined for any rational number, and " +"hence applies to all instances of :class:`int` and " +":class:`fractions.Fraction`, and all finite instances of :class:`float` and " +":class:`decimal.Decimal`. Essentially, this function is given by reduction " +"modulo ``P`` for a fixed prime ``P``. The value of ``P`` is made available " +"to Python as the :attr:`~sys.hash_info.modulus` attribute of " +":data:`sys.hash_info`." +msgstr "" +"对于可能为不同类型的数字 ``x`` 和 ``y``，要求当 ``x == y`` 时必定有 ``hash(x) == hash(y)`` (详情参见 " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` 方法的文档)。 为了便于在各种数字类型 (包括 :class:`int`, " +":class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` 和 :class:`fractions.Fraction`) " +"上实现并保证效率，Python 对数字类型的哈希运算是基于为任意有理数定义统一的数学函数，因此该运算对 :class:`int` 和 " +":class:`fractions.Fraction` 的全部实例，以及 :class:`float` 和 " +":class:`decimal.Decimal` 的全部有限实例均可用。 从本质上说，此函数是通过以一个固定质数 ``P`` 进行 ``P`` " +"降模给出的。 ``P`` 的值在 Python 中可以 :data:`sys.hash_info` 的 " +":attr:`~sys.hash_info.modulus` 属性的形式被访问。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:726 +msgid "" +"Currently, the prime used is ``P = 2**31 - 1`` on machines with 32-bit C " +"longs and ``P = 2**61 - 1`` on machines with 64-bit C longs." +msgstr "" +"目前所用的质数设定，在 C long 为 32 位的机器上 ``P = 2**31 - 1`` 而在 C long 为 64 位的机器上 ``P = " +"2**61 - 1``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:729 +msgid "Here are the rules in detail:" +msgstr "详细规则如下所述:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:731 +msgid "" +"If ``x = m / n`` is a nonnegative rational number and ``n`` is not divisible" +" by ``P``, define ``hash(x)`` as ``m * invmod(n, P) % P``, where ``invmod(n," +" P)`` gives the inverse of ``n`` modulo ``P``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``x = m / n`` 是一个非负的有理数且 ``n`` 不可被 ``P`` 整除，则定义 ``hash(x)`` 为 ``m * " +"invmod(n, P) % P``，其中 ``invmod(n, P)`` 是对 ``n`` 模 ``P`` 取反。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:735 +msgid "" +"If ``x = m / n`` is a nonnegative rational number and ``n`` is divisible by " +"``P`` (but ``m`` is not) then ``n`` has no inverse modulo ``P`` and the rule" +" above doesn't apply; in this case define ``hash(x)`` to be the constant " +"value ``sys.hash_info.inf``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``x = m / n`` 是一个非负的有理数且 ``n`` 可被 ``P`` 整除（但 ``m`` 不能）则 ``n`` 不能对 ``P`` " +"降模，以上规则不适用；在此情况下则定义 ``hash(x)`` 为常数值 ``sys.hash_info.inf``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:740 +msgid "" +"If ``x = m / n`` is a negative rational number define ``hash(x)`` as " +"``-hash(-x)``. If the resulting hash is ``-1``, replace it with ``-2``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``x = m / n`` 是一个负的有理数则定义 ``hash(x)`` 为 ``-hash(-x)``。 如果结果哈希值为 ``-1`` " +"则将其替换为 ``-2``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:744 +msgid "" +"The particular values ``sys.hash_info.inf`` and ``-sys.hash_info.inf`` are " +"used as hash values for positive infinity or negative infinity " +"(respectively)." +msgstr "特殊值 ``sys.hash_info.inf`` 和 ``-sys.hash_info.inf`` 分别用于正无穷或负无穷的哈希值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:748 +msgid "" +"For a :class:`complex` number ``z``, the hash values of the real and " +"imaginary parts are combined by computing ``hash(z.real) + " +"sys.hash_info.imag * hash(z.imag)``, reduced modulo " +"``2**sys.hash_info.width`` so that it lies in " +"``range(-2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1), 2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1))``. " +"Again, if the result is ``-1``, it's replaced with ``-2``." +msgstr "" +"对于一个 :class:`complex` 值 ``z``，会通过计算 ``hash(z.real) + sys.hash_info.imag * " +"hash(z.imag)`` 将实部和虚部的哈希值结合起来，并进行降模 ``2**sys.hash_info.width`` 以使其处于 " +"``range(-2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1), 2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1))`` 范围之内。" +" 同样地，如果结果为 ``-1`` 则将其替换为 ``-2``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:756 +msgid "" +"To clarify the above rules, here's some example Python code, equivalent to " +"the built-in hash, for computing the hash of a rational number, " +":class:`float`, or :class:`complex`::" +msgstr "" +"为了阐明上述规则，这里有一些等价于内置哈希算法的 Python 代码示例，可用于计算有理数、:class:`float` 或 " +":class:`complex` 的哈希值::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:761 +msgid "" +"import sys, math\n" +"\n" +"def hash_fraction(m, n):\n" +" \"\"\"Compute the hash of a rational number m / n.\n" +"\n" +" Assumes m and n are integers, with n positive.\n" +" Equivalent to hash(fractions.Fraction(m, n)).\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" P = sys.hash_info.modulus\n" +" # Remove common factors of P. (Unnecessary if m and n already coprime.)\n" +" while m % P == n % P == 0:\n" +" m, n = m // P, n // P\n" +"\n" +" if n % P == 0:\n" +" hash_value = sys.hash_info.inf\n" +" else:\n" +" # Fermat's Little Theorem: pow(n, P-1, P) is 1, so\n" +" # pow(n, P-2, P) gives the inverse of n modulo P.\n" +" hash_value = (abs(m) % P) * pow(n, P - 2, P) % P\n" +" if m < 0:\n" +" hash_value = -hash_value\n" +" if hash_value == -1:\n" +" hash_value = -2\n" +" return hash_value\n" +"\n" +"def hash_float(x):\n" +" \"\"\"Compute the hash of a float x.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" if math.isnan(x):\n" +" return object.__hash__(x)\n" +" elif math.isinf(x):\n" +" return sys.hash_info.inf if x > 0 else -sys.hash_info.inf\n" +" else:\n" +" return hash_fraction(*x.as_integer_ratio())\n" +"\n" +"def hash_complex(z):\n" +" \"\"\"Compute the hash of a complex number z.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" hash_value = hash_float(z.real) + sys.hash_info.imag * hash_float(z.imag)\n" +" # do a signed reduction modulo 2**sys.hash_info.width\n" +" M = 2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1)\n" +" hash_value = (hash_value & (M - 1)) - (hash_value & M)\n" +" if hash_value == -1:\n" +" hash_value = -2\n" +" return hash_value" +msgstr "" +"import sys, math\n" +"\n" +"def hash_fraction(m, n):\n" +" \"\"\"Compute the hash of a rational number m / n.\n" +"\n" +" Assumes m and n are integers, with n positive.\n" +" Equivalent to hash(fractions.Fraction(m, n)).\n" +"\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" P = sys.hash_info.modulus\n" +" # 移除 P 的公因数。 （如果 m 和 n 互质则不需要。）\n" +" while m % P == n % P == 0:\n" +" m, n = m // P, n // P\n" +"\n" +" if n % P == 0:\n" +" hash_value = sys.hash_info.inf\n" +" else:\n" +" # 费马小定理: pow(n, P-1, P) 等于 1，\n" +" # 则 pow(n, P-2, P) 等于 n 除以 P 的余数的倒数。\n" +" hash_value = (abs(m) % P) * pow(n, P - 2, P) % P\n" +" if m < 0:\n" +" hash_value = -hash_value\n" +" if hash_value == -1:\n" +" hash_value = -2\n" +" return hash_value\n" +"\n" +"def hash_float(x):\n" +" \"\"\"Compute the hash of a float x.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" if math.isnan(x):\n" +" return object.__hash__(x)\n" +" elif math.isinf(x):\n" +" return sys.hash_info.inf if x > 0 else -sys.hash_info.inf\n" +" else:\n" +" return hash_fraction(*x.as_integer_ratio())\n" +"\n" +"def hash_complex(z):\n" +" \"\"\"Compute the hash of a complex number z.\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" hash_value = hash_float(z.real) + sys.hash_info.imag * hash_float(z.imag)\n" +" # 带正负号的约减求余运算 2**sys.hash_info.width\n" +" M = 2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1)\n" +" hash_value = (hash_value & (M - 1)) - (hash_value & M)\n" +" if hash_value == -1:\n" +" hash_value = -2\n" +" return hash_value" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:812 +msgid "Boolean Type - :class:`bool`" +msgstr "布尔类型 - :class:`bool`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:814 +msgid "" +"Booleans represent truth values. The :class:`bool` type has exactly two " +"constant instances: ``True`` and ``False``." +msgstr "代表真值的布尔对象。 :class:`bool` 类型只有两个常量实例: ``True`` 和 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:822 +msgid "" +"The built-in function :func:`bool` converts any value to a boolean, if the " +"value can be interpreted as a truth value (see section :ref:`truth` above)." +msgstr "内置函数 :func:`bool` 可将任意值转换为布尔值，如果该值可以被解读为逻辑值的话（参见上面的 :ref:`truth` 小节）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:825 +msgid "" +"For logical operations, use the :ref:`boolean operators ` ``and``, " +"``or`` and ``not``. When applying the bitwise operators ``&``, ``|``, ``^`` " +"to two booleans, they return a bool equivalent to the logical operations " +"\"and\", \"or\", \"xor\". However, the logical operators ``and``, ``or`` and" +" ``!=`` should be preferred over ``&``, ``|`` and ``^``." +msgstr "" +"对于逻辑运算，请使用 :ref:`布尔运算符 ` ``and``, ``or`` 和 ``not``。 当于两个布尔值应用按位运算符 " +"``&``, ``|``, ``^`` 时，它们将返回一个等价于逻辑运算 \"与\", \"或\", \"异或\" 的布尔值。 " +"但是，更推荐使用逻辑运算符 ``and``, ``or`` 和 ``!=`` 而不是 ``&``, ``|`` 和 ``^``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:834 +msgid "" +"The use of the bitwise inversion operator ``~`` is deprecated and will raise" +" an error in Python 3.16." +msgstr "使用按位取反运算符 ``~`` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.16 中引发错误。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:837 +msgid "" +":class:`bool` is a subclass of :class:`int` (see :ref:`typesnumeric`). In " +"many numeric contexts, ``False`` and ``True`` behave like the integers 0 and" +" 1, respectively. However, relying on this is discouraged; explicitly " +"convert using :func:`int` instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`bool` 是 :class:`int` 的子类 (参见 :ref:`typesnumeric`)。 " +"在许多数字场景下，``False`` 和 ``True`` 的行为分别与整数 0 和 1 类似。 但是，不建议这样使用；请使用 :func:`int` " +"显式地执行转换。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:845 +msgid "Iterator Types" +msgstr "迭代器类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:853 +msgid "" +"Python supports a concept of iteration over containers. This is implemented" +" using two distinct methods; these are used to allow user-defined classes to" +" support iteration. Sequences, described below in more detail, always " +"support the iteration methods." +msgstr "" +"Python 支持在容器中进行迭代的概念。 这是通过使用两个单独方法来实现的；它们被用于允许用户自定义类对迭代的支持。 " +"将在下文中详细描述的序列总是支持迭代方法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:858 +msgid "" +"One method needs to be defined for container objects to provide " +":term:`iterable` support:" +msgstr "容器对象要提供 :term:`iterable` 支持，必须定义一个方法:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:865 +msgid "" +"Return an :term:`iterator` object. The object is required to support the " +"iterator protocol described below. If a container supports different types " +"of iteration, additional methods can be provided to specifically request " +"iterators for those iteration types. (An example of an object supporting " +"multiple forms of iteration would be a tree structure which supports both " +"breadth-first and depth-first traversal.) This method corresponds to the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` slot of the type structure for Python " +"objects in the Python/C API." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`iterator` 对象。 该对象需要支持下文所述的迭代器协议。 " +"如果容器支持不同的迭代类型，则可以提供额外的方法来专门地请求不同迭代类型的迭代器。 " +"（支持多种迭代形式的对象的例子有同时支持广度优先和深度优先遍历的树结果。） 此方法对应于 Python/C API 中 Python 对象类型结构体的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` 槽位。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:874 +msgid "" +"The iterator objects themselves are required to support the following two " +"methods, which together form the :dfn:`iterator protocol`:" +msgstr "迭代器对象自身需要支持以下两个方法，它们共同组成了 :dfn:`迭代器协议`:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:880 +msgid "" +"Return the :term:`iterator` object itself. This is required to allow both " +"containers and iterators to be used with the :keyword:`for` and " +":keyword:`in` statements. This method corresponds to the " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` slot of the type structure for Python " +"objects in the Python/C API." +msgstr "" +"返回 :term:`iterator` 对象本身。 这是同时允许容器和迭代器配合 :keyword:`for` 和 :keyword:`in` " +"语句使用所必须的。 此方法对应于 Python/C API 中 Python 对象类型结构体的 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` 槽位。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:889 +msgid "" +"Return the next item from the :term:`iterator`. If there are no further " +"items, raise the :exc:`StopIteration` exception. This method corresponds to" +" the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` slot of the type structure for " +"Python objects in the Python/C API." +msgstr "" +":term:`iterator` 中返回下一项。 如果已经没有可返回的项，则会引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常。 此方法对应于 " +"Python/C API 中 Python 对象类型结构体的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` 槽位。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:894 +msgid "" +"Python defines several iterator objects to support iteration over general " +"and specific sequence types, dictionaries, and other more specialized forms." +" The specific types are not important beyond their implementation of the " +"iterator protocol." +msgstr "" +"Python 定义了几种迭代器对象以支持对一般和特定序列类型、字典和其他更特别的形式进行迭代。 " +"除了迭代器协议的实现，特定类型的其他性质对迭代操作来说都不重要。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:899 +msgid "" +"Once an iterator's :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method raises " +":exc:`StopIteration`, it must continue to do so on subsequent calls. " +"Implementations that do not obey this property are deemed broken." +msgstr "" +"一旦迭代器的 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法引发了 " +":exc:`StopIteration`，它必须一直对后续调用引发同样的异常。 不遵循此行为特性的实现将无法正常使用。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:907 +msgid "Generator Types" +msgstr "生成器类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:909 +msgid "" +"Python's :term:`generator`\\s provide a convenient way to implement the " +"iterator protocol. If a container object's :meth:`~object.__iter__` method " +"is implemented as a generator, it will automatically return an iterator " +"object (technically, a generator object) supplying the " +":meth:`~iterator.__iter__` and :meth:`~generator.__next__` methods. More " +"information about generators can be found in :ref:`the documentation for the" +" yield expression `." +msgstr "" +"Python 的 :term:`generator` 提供了一种实现迭代器协议的便捷方式。 如果一个容器对象的 " +":meth:`~object.__iter__` 方法以生成器的形式实现，它将自动返回一个提供 :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` 和" +" :meth:`~generator.__next__` 方法的迭代器对象（从技术上说，是一个生成器对象）。 有关生成器的更多信息可参阅 " +":ref:`yield 表达式的文档 `。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:921 +msgid "Sequence Types --- :class:`list`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`range`" +msgstr "序列类型 --- :class:`list`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`range`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:923 +msgid "" +"There are three basic sequence types: lists, tuples, and range objects. " +"Additional sequence types tailored for processing of :ref:`binary data " +"` and :ref:`text strings ` are described in dedicated " +"sections." +msgstr "" +"有三种基本序列类型：list, tuple 和 range 对象。 为处理 :ref:`二进制数据 ` 和 :ref:`文本字符串" +" ` 而特别定制的附加序列类型会在专门的小节中描述。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:932 +msgid "Common Sequence Operations" +msgstr "通用序列操作" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:936 +msgid "" +"The operations in the following table are supported by most sequence types, " +"both mutable and immutable. The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` ABC is " +"provided to make it easier to correctly implement these operations on custom" +" sequence types." +msgstr "" +"大多数序列类型，包括可变类型和不可变类型都支持下表中的操作。 :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` ABC " +"被提供用来更容易地在自定义序列类型上正确地实现这些操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:941 +msgid "" +"This table lists the sequence operations sorted in ascending priority. In " +"the table, *s* and *t* are sequences of the same type, *n*, *i*, *j* and *k*" +" are integers and *x* is an arbitrary object that meets any type and value " +"restrictions imposed by *s*." +msgstr "" +"此表按优先级升序列出了序列操作。 在表格中，*s* 和 *t* 是具有相同类型的序列，*n*, *i*, *j* 和 *k* 是整数而 *x* " +"是任何满足 *s* 所规定的类型和值限制的任意对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:946 +msgid "" +"The ``in`` and ``not in`` operations have the same priorities as the " +"comparison operations. The ``+`` (concatenation) and ``*`` (repetition) " +"operations have the same priority as the corresponding numeric operations. " +"[3]_" +msgstr "" +"``in`` 和 ``not in`` 操作具有与比较操作相同的优先级。 ``+`` (拼接) 和 ``*`` (重复) " +"操作具有与对应数值运算相同的优先级。 [3]_" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:967 +msgid "``x in s``" +msgstr "``x in s``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:967 +msgid "``True`` if an item of *s* is equal to *x*, else ``False``" +msgstr "如果 *s* 中的某项等于 *x* 则结果为 ``True``，否则为 ``False``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:970 +msgid "``x not in s``" +msgstr "``x not in s``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:970 +msgid "``False`` if an item of *s* is equal to *x*, else ``True``" +msgstr "如果 *s* 中的某项等于 *x* 则结果为 ``False``，否则为 ``True``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:973 +msgid "``s + t``" +msgstr "``s + t``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:973 +msgid "the concatenation of *s* and *t*" +msgstr "*s* 与 *t* 相拼接" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:973 +msgid "(6)(7)" +msgstr "(6)(7)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:976 +msgid "``s * n`` or ``n * s``" +msgstr "``s * n`` 或 ``n * s``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:976 +msgid "equivalent to adding *s* to itself *n* times" +msgstr "相当于 *s* 与自身进行 *n* 次拼接" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:976 +msgid "(2)(7)" +msgstr "(2)(7)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:979 +msgid "``s[i]``" +msgstr "``s[i]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:979 +msgid "*i*\\ th item of *s*, origin 0" +msgstr "*s* 的第 *i* 项，起始为 0" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:981 +msgid "``s[i:j]``" +msgstr "``s[i:j]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:981 +msgid "slice of *s* from *i* to *j*" +msgstr "*s* 从 *i* 到 *j* 的切片" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:981 +msgid "(3)(4)" +msgstr "(3)(4)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:983 +msgid "``s[i:j:k]``" +msgstr "``s[i:j:k]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:983 +msgid "slice of *s* from *i* to *j* with step *k*" +msgstr "*s* 从 *i* 到 *j* 步长为 *k* 的切片" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:983 +msgid "(3)(5)" +msgstr "(3)(5)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:986 +msgid "``len(s)``" +msgstr "``len(s)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:986 +msgid "length of *s*" +msgstr "*s* 的长度" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:988 +msgid "``min(s)``" +msgstr "``min(s)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:988 +msgid "smallest item of *s*" +msgstr "*s* 的最小项" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:990 +msgid "``max(s)``" +msgstr "``max(s)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:990 +msgid "largest item of *s*" +msgstr "*s* 的最大项" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:992 +msgid "``s.index(x[, i[, j]])``" +msgstr "``s.index(x[, i[, j]])``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:992 +msgid "" +"index of the first occurrence of *x* in *s* (at or after index *i* and " +"before index *j*)" +msgstr "*x* 在 *s* 中首次出现项的索引号（索引号在 *i* 或其后且在 *j* 之前）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:992 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3805 +msgid "\\(8)" +msgstr "\\(8)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:996 +msgid "``s.count(x)``" +msgstr "``s.count(x)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:996 +msgid "total number of occurrences of *x* in *s*" +msgstr "*x* 在 *s* 中出现的总次数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"Sequences of the same type also support comparisons. In particular, tuples " +"and lists are compared lexicographically by comparing corresponding " +"elements. This means that to compare equal, every element must compare equal" +" and the two sequences must be of the same type and have the same length. " +"(For full details see :ref:`comparisons` in the language reference.)" +msgstr "" +"相同类型的序列也支持比较。 特别地，tuple 和 list 的比较是通过比较对应元素的字典顺序。 " +"这意味着想要比较结果相等，则每个元素比较结果都必须相等，并且两个序列长度必须相同。 （完整细节请参阅语言参考的 :ref:`comparisons` " +"部分。）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"Forward and reversed iterators over mutable sequences access values using an" +" index. That index will continue to march forward (or backward) even if the" +" underlying sequence is mutated. The iterator terminates only when an " +":exc:`IndexError` or a :exc:`StopIteration` is encountered (or when the " +"index drops below zero)." +msgstr "" +"可变序列的正向和逆向迭代器使用一个索引来访问值。 即使底层序列被改变该索引也将持续向前（或向后）步进。 迭代器只有在遇到 " +":exc:`IndexError` 或 a :exc:`StopIteration` 时才会终结（或是当索引降至零以下）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"While the ``in`` and ``not in`` operations are used only for simple " +"containment testing in the general case, some specialised sequences (such as" +" :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`) also use them for " +"subsequence testing::" +msgstr "" +"虽然 ``in`` 和 ``not in`` 操作在通常情况下仅被用于简单的成员检测，某些专门化序列 (例如 :class:`str`, " +":class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray`) 也使用它们进行子序列检测::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1024 +msgid "" +">>> \"gg\" in \"eggs\"\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> \"gg\" in \"eggs\"\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"Values of *n* less than ``0`` are treated as ``0`` (which yields an empty " +"sequence of the same type as *s*). Note that items in the sequence *s* are " +"not copied; they are referenced multiple times. This often haunts new " +"Python programmers; consider::" +msgstr "" +"小于 ``0`` 的 *n* 值会被当作 ``0`` 来处理 (生成一个与 *s* 同类型的空序列)。 请注意序列 *s* " +"中的项并不会被拷贝；它们会被多次引用。 这一点经常会令 Python 编程新手感到困扰；例如::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1033 +msgid "" +">>> lists = [[]] * 3\n" +">>> lists\n" +"[[], [], []]\n" +">>> lists[0].append(3)\n" +">>> lists\n" +"[[3], [3], [3]]" +msgstr "" +">>> lists = [[]] * 3\n" +">>> lists\n" +"[[], [], []]\n" +">>> lists[0].append(3)\n" +">>> lists\n" +"[[3], [3], [3]]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1040 +msgid "" +"What has happened is that ``[[]]`` is a one-element list containing an empty" +" list, so all three elements of ``[[]] * 3`` are references to this single " +"empty list. Modifying any of the elements of ``lists`` modifies this single" +" list. You can create a list of different lists this way::" +msgstr "" +"具体的原因在于 ``[[]]`` 是一个包含了一个空列表的单元素列表，所以 ``[[]] * 3`` 结果中的三个元素都是对这一个空列表的引用。 修改 " +"``lists`` 中的任何一个元素实际上都是对这一个空列表的修改。 你可以用以下方式创建以不同列表为元素的列表::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1045 +msgid "" +">>> lists = [[] for i in range(3)]\n" +">>> lists[0].append(3)\n" +">>> lists[1].append(5)\n" +">>> lists[2].append(7)\n" +">>> lists\n" +"[[3], [5], [7]]" +msgstr "" +">>> lists = [[] for i in range(3)]\n" +">>> lists[0].append(3)\n" +">>> lists[1].append(5)\n" +">>> lists[2].append(7)\n" +">>> lists\n" +"[[3], [5], [7]]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"Further explanation is available in the FAQ entry :ref:`faq-" +"multidimensional-list`." +msgstr "进一步的解释可以在 FAQ 条目 :ref:`faq-multidimensional-list` 中查看。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"If *i* or *j* is negative, the index is relative to the end of sequence *s*:" +" ``len(s) + i`` or ``len(s) + j`` is substituted. But note that ``-0`` is " +"still ``0``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *i* 或 *j* 为负值，则索引顺序是相对于序列 *s* 的末尾: 索引号会被替换为 ``len(s) + i`` 或 ``len(s) + " +"j``。 但要注意 ``-0`` 仍然为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1061 +msgid "" +"The slice of *s* from *i* to *j* is defined as the sequence of items with " +"index *k* such that ``i <= k < j``. If *i* or *j* is greater than " +"``len(s)``, use ``len(s)``. If *i* is omitted or ``None``, use ``0``. If " +"*j* is omitted or ``None``, use ``len(s)``. If *i* is greater than or equal" +" to *j*, the slice is empty." +msgstr "" +"*s* 从 *i* 到 *j* 的切片被定义为所有满足 ``i <= k < j`` 的索引号 *k* 的项组成的序列。 如果 *i* 或 *j* 大于" +" ``len(s)``，则使用 ``len(s)``。 如果 *i* 被省略或为 ``None``，则使用 ``0``。 如果 *j* 被省略或为 " +"``None``，则使用 ``len(s)``。 如果 *i* 大于等于 *j*，则切片为空。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"The slice of *s* from *i* to *j* with step *k* is defined as the sequence of" +" items with index ``x = i + n*k`` such that ``0 <= n < (j-i)/k``. In other" +" words, the indices are ``i``, ``i+k``, ``i+2*k``, ``i+3*k`` and so on, " +"stopping when *j* is reached (but never including *j*). When *k* is " +"positive, *i* and *j* are reduced to ``len(s)`` if they are greater. When " +"*k* is negative, *i* and *j* are reduced to ``len(s) - 1`` if they are " +"greater. If *i* or *j* are omitted or ``None``, they become \"end\" values " +"(which end depends on the sign of *k*). Note, *k* cannot be zero. If *k* is" +" ``None``, it is treated like ``1``." +msgstr "" +"*s* 从 *i* 到 *j* 步长为 *k* 的切片被定义为所有满足 ``0 <= n < (j-i)/k`` 的索引号 ``x = i + " +"n*k`` 的项组成的序列。 换句话说，索引号为 ``i``, ``i+k``, ``i+2*k``, ``i+3*k``，以此类推，当达到 *j* " +"时停止 (但一定不包括 *j*)。 当 *k* 为正值时，*i* 和 *j* 会被减至不大于 ``len(s)``。 当 *k* 为负值时，*i* 和 " +"*j* 会被减至不大于 ``len(s) - 1``。 如果 *i* 或 *j* 被省略或为 ``None``，它们会成为“终止”值 " +"(是哪一端的终止值则取决于 *k* 的符号)。 请注意，*k* 不可为零。 如果 *k* 为 ``None``，则当作 ``1`` 处理。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"Concatenating immutable sequences always results in a new object. This " +"means that building up a sequence by repeated concatenation will have a " +"quadratic runtime cost in the total sequence length. To get a linear " +"runtime cost, you must switch to one of the alternatives below:" +msgstr "" +"拼接不可变序列总是会生成新的对象。 这意味着通过重复拼接来构建序列的运行时开销将会基于序列总长度的乘方。 " +"想要获得线性的运行时开销，你必须改用下列替代方案之一：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"if concatenating :class:`str` objects, you can build a list and use " +":meth:`str.join` at the end or else write to an :class:`io.StringIO` " +"instance and retrieve its value when complete" +msgstr "" +"如果拼接 :class:`str` 对象，你可以构建一个列表并在最后使用 :meth:`str.join` 或是写入一个 " +":class:`io.StringIO` 实例并在结束时获取它的值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"if concatenating :class:`bytes` objects, you can similarly use " +":meth:`bytes.join` or :class:`io.BytesIO`, or you can do in-place " +"concatenation with a :class:`bytearray` object. :class:`bytearray` objects " +"are mutable and have an efficient overallocation mechanism" +msgstr "" +"如果拼接 :class:`bytes` 对象，你可以类似地使用 :meth:`bytes.join` 或 " +":class:`io.BytesIO`，或者你也可以使用 :class:`bytearray` 对象进行原地拼接。 :class:`bytearray`" +" 对象是可变的，并且具有高效的重分配机制" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"if concatenating :class:`tuple` objects, extend a :class:`list` instead" +msgstr "如果拼接 :class:`tuple` 对象，请改为扩展 :class:`list` 类" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1095 +msgid "for other types, investigate the relevant class documentation" +msgstr "对于其它类型，请查看相应的文档" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1099 +msgid "" +"Some sequence types (such as :class:`range`) only support item sequences " +"that follow specific patterns, and hence don't support sequence " +"concatenation or repetition." +msgstr "某些序列类型 (例如 :class:`range`) 仅支持遵循特定模式的项序列，因此并不支持序列拼接或重复。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"``index`` raises :exc:`ValueError` when *x* is not found in *s*. Not all " +"implementations support passing the additional arguments *i* and *j*. These " +"arguments allow efficient searching of subsections of the sequence. Passing " +"the extra arguments is roughly equivalent to using ``s[i:j].index(x)``, only" +" without copying any data and with the returned index being relative to the " +"start of the sequence rather than the start of the slice." +msgstr "" +"当 *x* 在 *s* 中找不到时 ``index`` 会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 不是所有实现都支持传入额外参数 *i* 和 " +"*j*。 这两个参数允许高效地搜索序列的子序列。 传入这两个额外参数大致相当于使用 " +"``s[i:j].index(x)``，但是不会复制任何数据，并且返回的索引是相对于序列的开头而非切片的开头。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1115 +msgid "Immutable Sequence Types" +msgstr "不可变序列类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"The only operation that immutable sequence types generally implement that is" +" not also implemented by mutable sequence types is support for the " +":func:`hash` built-in." +msgstr "不可变序列类型普遍实现而可变序列类型未实现的唯一操作就是对 :func:`hash` 内置函数的支持。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"This support allows immutable sequences, such as :class:`tuple` instances, " +"to be used as :class:`dict` keys and stored in :class:`set` and " +":class:`frozenset` instances." +msgstr "" +"这种支持允许不可变类型，例如 :class:`tuple` 实例被用作 :class:`dict` 键，以及存储在 :class:`set` 和 " +":class:`frozenset` 实例中。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"Attempting to hash an immutable sequence that contains unhashable values " +"will result in :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "尝试对包含有不可哈希值的不可变序列进行哈希运算将会导致 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1137 +msgid "Mutable Sequence Types" +msgstr "可变序列类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"The operations in the following table are defined on mutable sequence types." +" The :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` ABC is provided to make it " +"easier to correctly implement these operations on custom sequence types." +msgstr "" +"以下表格中的操作是在可变序列类型上定义的。 :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` ABC " +"被提供用来更容易地在自定义序列类型上正确实现这些操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"In the table *s* is an instance of a mutable sequence type, *t* is any " +"iterable object and *x* is an arbitrary object that meets any type and value" +" restrictions imposed by *s* (for example, :class:`bytearray` only accepts " +"integers that meet the value restriction ``0 <= x <= 255``)." +msgstr "" +"表格中的 *s* 是可变序列类型的实例，*t* 是任意可迭代对象，而 *x* 是符合对 *s* 所规定类型与值限制的任何对象 " +"(例如，:class:`bytearray` 仅接受满足 ``0 <= x <= 255`` 值限制的整数)。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1172 +msgid "``s[i] = x``" +msgstr "``s[i] = x``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1172 +msgid "item *i* of *s* is replaced by *x*" +msgstr "将 *s* 的第 *i* 项替换为 *x*" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1175 +msgid "``s[i:j] = t``" +msgstr "``s[i:j] = t``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1175 +msgid "" +"slice of *s* from *i* to *j* is replaced by the contents of the iterable *t*" +msgstr "将 *s* 从 *i* 到 *j* 的切片替换为可迭代对象 *t* 的内容" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1179 +msgid "``del s[i:j]``" +msgstr "``del s[i:j]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1179 +msgid "same as ``s[i:j] = []``" +msgstr "等同于 ``s[i:j] = []``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1181 +msgid "``s[i:j:k] = t``" +msgstr "``s[i:j:k] = t``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1181 +msgid "the elements of ``s[i:j:k]`` are replaced by those of *t*" +msgstr "将 ``s[i:j:k]`` 的元素替换为 *t* 的元素" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1184 +msgid "``del s[i:j:k]``" +msgstr "``del s[i:j:k]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1184 +msgid "removes the elements of ``s[i:j:k]`` from the list" +msgstr "从列表中移除 ``s[i:j:k]`` 的元素" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1187 +msgid "``s.append(x)``" +msgstr "``s.append(x)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1187 +msgid "" +"appends *x* to the end of the sequence (same as ``s[len(s):len(s)] = [x]``)" +msgstr "将 *x* 添加到序列的末尾 (等同于 ``s[len(s):len(s)] = [x]``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1191 +msgid "``s.clear()``" +msgstr "``s.clear()``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1191 +msgid "removes all items from *s* (same as ``del s[:]``)" +msgstr "从 *s* 中移除所有项 (等同于 ``del s[:]``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1194 +msgid "``s.copy()``" +msgstr "``s.copy()``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1194 +msgid "creates a shallow copy of *s* (same as ``s[:]``)" +msgstr "创建 *s* 的浅拷贝 (等同于 ``s[:]``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1197 +msgid "``s.extend(t)`` or ``s += t``" +msgstr "``s.extend(t)`` 或 ``s += t``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"extends *s* with the contents of *t* (for the most part the same as " +"``s[len(s):len(s)] = t``)" +msgstr "用 *t* 的内容扩展 *s* (基本上等同于 ``s[len(s):len(s)] = t``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1202 +msgid "``s *= n``" +msgstr "``s *= n``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1202 +msgid "updates *s* with its contents repeated *n* times" +msgstr "使用 *s* 的内容重复 *n* 次来对其进行更新" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1205 +msgid "``s.insert(i, x)``" +msgstr "``s.insert(i, x)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"inserts *x* into *s* at the index given by *i* (same as ``s[i:i] = [x]``)" +msgstr "在由 *i* 给出的索引位置将 *x* 插入 *s* (等同于 ``s[i:i] = [x]``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1209 +msgid "``s.pop()`` or ``s.pop(i)``" +msgstr "``s.pop()`` 或 ``s.pop(i)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1209 +msgid "retrieves the item at *i* and also removes it from *s*" +msgstr "提取在 *i* 位置上的项，并将其从 *s* 中移除" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1212 +msgid "``s.remove(x)``" +msgstr "``s.remove(x)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1212 +msgid "removes the first item from *s* where ``s[i]`` is equal to *x*" +msgstr "从 *s* 中移除第一个 ``s[i]`` 等于 *x* 的条目" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1216 +msgid "``s.reverse()``" +msgstr "``s.reverse()``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1216 +msgid "reverses the items of *s* in place" +msgstr "就地将列表中的元素逆序。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1224 +msgid "" +"If *k* is not equal to ``1``, *t* must have the same length as the slice it " +"is replacing." +msgstr "如果 *k* 不等于 ``1``，则 *t* 必须与它所替换的切片具有相同的长度。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *i* defaults to ``-1``, so that by default the last " +"item is removed and returned." +msgstr "可选参数 *i* 默认为 ``-1``，因此在默认情况下会移除并返回最后一项。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1231 +msgid ":meth:`remove` raises :exc:`ValueError` when *x* is not found in *s*." +msgstr "当在 *s* 中找不到 *x* 时 :meth:`remove` 操作会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1234 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`reverse` method modifies the sequence in place for economy of " +"space when reversing a large sequence. To remind users that it operates by " +"side effect, it does not return the reversed sequence." +msgstr "" +"当反转大尺寸序列时 :meth:`reverse` 方法会原地修改该序列以保证空间经济性。 " +"为提醒用户此操作是通过间接影响进行的，它并不会返回反转后的序列。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1239 +msgid "" +":meth:`clear` and :meth:`!copy` are included for consistency with the " +"interfaces of mutable containers that don't support slicing operations (such" +" as :class:`dict` and :class:`set`). :meth:`!copy` is not part of the " +":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` ABC, but most concrete mutable " +"sequence classes provide it." +msgstr "" +"包括 :meth:`clear` 和 :meth:`!copy` 是为了与不支持切片操作的可变容器 (例如 :class:`dict` 和 " +":class:`set`) 的接口保持一致。 :meth:`!copy` 不是 " +":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` ABC 的一部分，但大多数具体的可变序列类都提供了它。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1245 +msgid ":meth:`clear` and :meth:`!copy` methods." +msgstr ":meth:`clear` 和 :meth:`!copy` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1249 +msgid "" +"The value *n* is an integer, or an object implementing " +":meth:`~object.__index__`. Zero and negative values of *n* clear the " +"sequence. Items in the sequence are not copied; they are referenced " +"multiple times, as explained for ``s * n`` under :ref:`typesseq-common`." +msgstr "" +"*n* 值为一个整数，或是一个实现了 :meth:`~object.__index__` 的对象。 *n* 值为零或负数将清空序列。 " +"序列中的项不会被拷贝；它们会被多次引用，正如 :ref:`typesseq-common` 中有关 ``s * n`` 的说明。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1258 +msgid "Lists" +msgstr "列表" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1262 +msgid "" +"Lists are mutable sequences, typically used to store collections of " +"homogeneous items (where the precise degree of similarity will vary by " +"application)." +msgstr "列表是可变序列，通常用于存放同类项目的集合（其中精确的相似程度将根据应用而变化）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1268 +msgid "Lists may be constructed in several ways:" +msgstr "可以用多种方式构建列表：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1270 +msgid "Using a pair of square brackets to denote the empty list: ``[]``" +msgstr "使用一对方括号来表示空列表: ``[]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"Using square brackets, separating items with commas: ``[a]``, ``[a, b, c]``" +msgstr "使用方括号，其中的项以逗号分隔: ``[a]``, ``[a, b, c]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1272 +msgid "Using a list comprehension: ``[x for x in iterable]``" +msgstr "使用列表推导式: ``[x for x in iterable]``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1273 +msgid "Using the type constructor: ``list()`` or ``list(iterable)``" +msgstr "使用类型的构造器: ``list()`` 或 ``list(iterable)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"The constructor builds a list whose items are the same and in the same order" +" as *iterable*'s items. *iterable* may be either a sequence, a container " +"that supports iteration, or an iterator object. If *iterable* is already a " +"list, a copy is made and returned, similar to ``iterable[:]``. For example, " +"``list('abc')`` returns ``['a', 'b', 'c']`` and ``list( (1, 2, 3) )`` " +"returns ``[1, 2, 3]``. If no argument is given, the constructor creates a " +"new empty list, ``[]``." +msgstr "" +"构造器将构造一个列表，其中的项与 *iterable* 中的项具有相同的的值与顺序。 *iterable* 可以是序列、支持迭代的容器或其它可迭代对象。" +" 如果 *iterable* 已经是一个列表，将创建并返回其副本，类似于 ``iterable[:]``。 例如，``list('abc')`` 返回 " +"``['a', 'b', 'c']`` 而 ``list( (1, 2, 3) )`` 返回 ``[1, 2, 3]``。 " +"如果没有给出参数，构造器将创建一个空列表 ``[]``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"Many other operations also produce lists, including the :func:`sorted` " +"built-in." +msgstr "其它许多操作也会产生列表，包括 :func:`sorted` 内置函数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"Lists implement all of the :ref:`common ` and :ref:`mutable" +" ` sequence operations. Lists also provide the following " +"additional method:" +msgstr "" +"列表实现了所有 :ref:`一般 ` 和 :ref:`可变 ` 序列的操作。 " +"列表还额外提供了以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1293 +msgid "" +"This method sorts the list in place, using only ``<`` comparisons between " +"items. Exceptions are not suppressed - if any comparison operations fail, " +"the entire sort operation will fail (and the list will likely be left in a " +"partially modified state)." +msgstr "" +"此方法会对列表进行原地排序，只使用 ``<`` 来进行各项间比较。 异常不会被屏蔽 —— " +"如果有任何比较操作失败，整个排序操作将失败（而列表可能会处于被部分修改的状态）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1298 +msgid "" +":meth:`sort` accepts two arguments that can only be passed by keyword " +"(:ref:`keyword-only arguments `):" +msgstr "" +":meth:`sort` 接受两个仅限以关键字形式传入的参数 (:ref:`仅限关键字参数 `):" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"*key* specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract a " +"comparison key from each list element (for example, ``key=str.lower``). The " +"key corresponding to each item in the list is calculated once and then used " +"for the entire sorting process. The default value of ``None`` means that " +"list items are sorted directly without calculating a separate key value." +msgstr "" +"*key* 指定带有一个参数的函数，用于从每个列表元素中提取比较键 (例如 ``key=str.lower``)。 " +"对应于列表中每一项的键会被计算一次，然后在整个排序过程中使用。 默认值 ``None`` 表示直接对列表项排序而不计算一个单独的键值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1308 +msgid "" +"The :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` utility is available to convert a 2.x style" +" *cmp* function to a *key* function." +msgstr "可以使用 :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` 将 2.x 风格的 *cmp* 函数转换为 *key* 函数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"*reverse* is a boolean value. If set to ``True``, then the list elements " +"are sorted as if each comparison were reversed." +msgstr "*reverse* 为一个布尔值。 如果设为 ``True``，则每个列表元素将按反向顺序比较进行排序。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"This method modifies the sequence in place for economy of space when sorting" +" a large sequence. To remind users that it operates by side effect, it does" +" not return the sorted sequence (use :func:`sorted` to explicitly request a " +"new sorted list instance)." +msgstr "" +"当顺序大尺寸序列时此方法会原地修改该序列以保证空间经济性。 为提醒用户此操作是通过间接影响进行的，它并不会返回排序后的序列（请使用 " +":func:`sorted` 显示地请求一个新的已排序列表实例）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`sort` method is guaranteed to be stable. A sort is stable if it " +"guarantees not to change the relative order of elements that compare equal " +"--- this is helpful for sorting in multiple passes (for example, sort by " +"department, then by salary grade)." +msgstr "" +":meth:`sort` 方法确保是稳定的。 如果一个排序确保不会改变比较结果相等的元素的相对顺序就称其为稳定的 --- " +"这有利于进行多重排序（例如先按部门、再接薪级排序）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1324 +msgid "" +"For sorting examples and a brief sorting tutorial, see :ref:`sortinghowto`." +msgstr "有关排序示例和简要排序教程，请参阅 :ref:`sortinghowto` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"While a list is being sorted, the effect of attempting to mutate, or even " +"inspect, the list is undefined. The C implementation of Python makes the " +"list appear empty for the duration, and raises :exc:`ValueError` if it can " +"detect that the list has been mutated during a sort." +msgstr "" +"在一个列表被排序期间，尝试改变甚至进行检测也会造成未定义的影响。 Python 的 C " +"实现会在排序期间将列表显示为空，如果发现列表在排序期间被改变将会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1337 +msgid "Tuples" +msgstr "元组" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1341 +msgid "" +"Tuples are immutable sequences, typically used to store collections of " +"heterogeneous data (such as the 2-tuples produced by the :func:`enumerate` " +"built-in). Tuples are also used for cases where an immutable sequence of " +"homogeneous data is needed (such as allowing storage in a :class:`set` or " +":class:`dict` instance)." +msgstr "" +"元组是不可变序列，通常用于储存异构数据的多项集（例如由 :func:`enumerate` 内置函数所产生的二元组）。 " +"元组也被用于需要同构数据的不可变序列的情况（例如允许存储到 :class:`set` 或 :class:`dict` 的实例）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1349 +msgid "Tuples may be constructed in a number of ways:" +msgstr "可以用多种方式构建元组：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1351 +msgid "Using a pair of parentheses to denote the empty tuple: ``()``" +msgstr "使用一对圆括号来表示空元组: ``()``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1352 +msgid "Using a trailing comma for a singleton tuple: ``a,`` or ``(a,)``" +msgstr "使用一个后缀的逗号来表示单元组: ``a,`` 或 ``(a,)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1353 +msgid "Separating items with commas: ``a, b, c`` or ``(a, b, c)``" +msgstr "使用以逗号分隔的多个项: ``a, b, c`` or ``(a, b, c)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1354 +msgid "Using the :func:`tuple` built-in: ``tuple()`` or ``tuple(iterable)``" +msgstr "使用内置的 :func:`tuple`: ``tuple()`` 或 ``tuple(iterable)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"The constructor builds a tuple whose items are the same and in the same " +"order as *iterable*'s items. *iterable* may be either a sequence, a " +"container that supports iteration, or an iterator object. If *iterable* is " +"already a tuple, it is returned unchanged. For example, ``tuple('abc')`` " +"returns ``('a', 'b', 'c')`` and ``tuple( [1, 2, 3] )`` returns ``(1, 2, " +"3)``. If no argument is given, the constructor creates a new empty tuple, " +"``()``." +msgstr "" +"构造器将构造一个元组，其中的项与 *iterable* 中的项具有相同的值与顺序。 *iterable* 可以是序列、支持迭代的容器或其他可迭代对象。 " +"如果 *iterable* 已经是一个元组，会不加改变地将其返回。 例如，``tuple('abc')`` 返回 ``('a', 'b', 'c')``" +" 而 ``tuple( [1, 2, 3] )`` 返回 ``(1, 2, 3)``。 如果没有给出参数，构造器将创建一个空元组 ``()``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1364 +msgid "" +"Note that it is actually the comma which makes a tuple, not the parentheses." +" The parentheses are optional, except in the empty tuple case, or when they " +"are needed to avoid syntactic ambiguity. For example, ``f(a, b, c)`` is a " +"function call with three arguments, while ``f((a, b, c))`` is a function " +"call with a 3-tuple as the sole argument." +msgstr "" +"请注意决定生成元组的其实是逗号而不是圆括号。 圆括号只是可选的，生成空元组或需要避免语法歧义的情况除外。 例如，``f(a, b, c)`` " +"是在调用函数时附带三个参数，而 ``f((a, b, c))`` 则是在调用函数时附带一个三元组。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"Tuples implement all of the :ref:`common ` sequence " +"operations." +msgstr "元组实现了所有 :ref:`一般 ` 序列的操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1373 +msgid "" +"For heterogeneous collections of data where access by name is clearer than " +"access by index, :func:`collections.namedtuple` may be a more appropriate " +"choice than a simple tuple object." +msgstr "" +"对于通过名称访问相比通过索引访问更清晰的异构数据多项集，:func:`collections.namedtuple` " +"可能是比简单元组对象更为合适的选择。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1381 +msgid "Ranges" +msgstr "range 对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"The :class:`range` type represents an immutable sequence of numbers and is " +"commonly used for looping a specific number of times in :keyword:`for` " +"loops." +msgstr ":class:`range` 类型表示不可变的数字序列，通常用于在 :keyword:`for` 循环中循环指定的次数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1392 +msgid "" +"The arguments to the range constructor must be integers (either built-in " +":class:`int` or any object that implements the :meth:`~object.__index__` " +"special method). If the *step* argument is omitted, it defaults to ``1``. " +"If the *start* argument is omitted, it defaults to ``0``. If *step* is zero," +" :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"range 构造器的参数必须为整数（可以是内置的 :class:`int` 或任何实现了 :meth:`~object.__index__` " +"特殊方法的对象）。 如果省略 *step* 参数，则默认为 ``1``。 如果省略 *start* 参数，则默认为 ``0``。 如果 *step* " +"为零，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1398 +msgid "" +"For a positive *step*, the contents of a range ``r`` are determined by the " +"formula ``r[i] = start + step*i`` where ``i >= 0`` and ``r[i] < stop``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *step* 为正值，确定 range ``r`` 内容的公式为 ``r[i] = start + step*i`` 其中 ``i >= 0`` " +"且 ``r[i] < stop``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"For a negative *step*, the contents of the range are still determined by the" +" formula ``r[i] = start + step*i``, but the constraints are ``i >= 0`` and " +"``r[i] > stop``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *step* 为负值，确定 range 内容的公式仍然为 ``r[i] = start + step*i``，但限制条件改为 ``i >= 0``" +" 且 ``r[i] > stop``." + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"A range object will be empty if ``r[0]`` does not meet the value constraint." +" Ranges do support negative indices, but these are interpreted as indexing " +"from the end of the sequence determined by the positive indices." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``r[0]`` 不符合值的限制条件，则该 range 对象为空。 range " +"对象确实支持负索引，但是会将其解读为从正索引所确定的序列的末尾开始索引。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1411 +msgid "" +"Ranges containing absolute values larger than :data:`sys.maxsize` are " +"permitted but some features (such as :func:`len`) may raise " +":exc:`OverflowError`." +msgstr "" +"元素绝对值大于 :data:`sys.maxsize` 的 range 对象是被允许的，但某些特性 (例如 :func:`len`) 可能引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1415 +msgid "Range examples::" +msgstr "一些 range 对象的例子::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1417 +msgid "" +">>> list(range(10))\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n" +">>> list(range(1, 11))\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n" +">>> list(range(0, 30, 5))\n" +"[0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]\n" +">>> list(range(0, 10, 3))\n" +"[0, 3, 6, 9]\n" +">>> list(range(0, -10, -1))\n" +"[0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]\n" +">>> list(range(0))\n" +"[]\n" +">>> list(range(1, 0))\n" +"[]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(range(10))\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n" +">>> list(range(1, 11))\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n" +">>> list(range(0, 30, 5))\n" +"[0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]\n" +">>> list(range(0, 10, 3))\n" +"[0, 3, 6, 9]\n" +">>> list(range(0, -10, -1))\n" +"[0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]\n" +">>> list(range(0))\n" +"[]\n" +">>> list(range(1, 0))\n" +"[]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1432 +msgid "" +"Ranges implement all of the :ref:`common ` sequence " +"operations except concatenation and repetition (due to the fact that range " +"objects can only represent sequences that follow a strict pattern and " +"repetition and concatenation will usually violate that pattern)." +msgstr "" +"range 对象实现了 :ref:`一般 ` 序列的所有操作，但拼接和重复除外（这是由于 range " +"对象只能表示符合严格模式的序列，而重复和拼接通常都会违反这样的模式）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1439 +msgid "" +"The value of the *start* parameter (or ``0`` if the parameter was not " +"supplied)" +msgstr "*start* 形参的值 (如果该形参未提供则为 ``0``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1444 +msgid "The value of the *stop* parameter" +msgstr "*stop* 形参的值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"The value of the *step* parameter (or ``1`` if the parameter was not " +"supplied)" +msgstr "*step* 形参的值 (如果该形参未提供则为 ``1``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"The advantage of the :class:`range` type over a regular :class:`list` or " +":class:`tuple` is that a :class:`range` object will always take the same " +"(small) amount of memory, no matter the size of the range it represents (as " +"it only stores the ``start``, ``stop`` and ``step`` values, calculating " +"individual items and subranges as needed)." +msgstr "" +":class:`range` 类型相比常规 :class:`list` 或 :class:`tuple` 的优势在于一个 :class:`range` " +"对象总是占用固定数量的（较小）内存，不论其所表示的范围有多大（因为它只保存了 ``start``, ``stop`` 和 ``step`` " +"值，并会根据需要计算具体单项或子范围的值）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1457 +msgid "" +"Range objects implement the :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` ABC, and " +"provide features such as containment tests, element index lookup, slicing " +"and support for negative indices (see :ref:`typesseq`):" +msgstr "" +"range 对象实现了 :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` " +"ABC，提供如包含检测、元素索引查找、切片等特性，并支持负索引 (参见 :ref:`typesseq`):" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"Testing range objects for equality with ``==`` and ``!=`` compares them as " +"sequences. That is, two range objects are considered equal if they " +"represent the same sequence of values. (Note that two range objects that " +"compare equal might have different :attr:`~range.start`, :attr:`~range.stop`" +" and :attr:`~range.step` attributes, for example ``range(0) == range(2, 1, " +"3)`` or ``range(0, 3, 2) == range(0, 4, 2)``.)" +msgstr "" +"使用 ``==`` 和 ``!=`` 检测 range 对象是否相等是将其作为序列来比较。 也就是说，如果两个 range " +"对象表示相同的值序列就认为它们是相等的。 （请注意比较结果相等的两个 range 对象可能会具有不同的 :attr:`~range.start`, " +":attr:`~range.stop` 和 :attr:`~range.step` 属性，例如 ``range(0) == range(2, 1, " +"3)`` 而 ``range(0, 3, 2) == range(0, 4, 2)``。）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1484 +msgid "" +"Implement the Sequence ABC. Support slicing and negative indices. Test " +":class:`int` objects for membership in constant time instead of iterating " +"through all items." +msgstr "" +"实现 Sequence ABC。 支持切片和负数索引。 使用 :class:`int` 对象在固定时间内进行成员检测，而不是逐一迭代所有项。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1490 +msgid "" +"Define '==' and '!=' to compare range objects based on the sequence of " +"values they define (instead of comparing based on object identity)." +msgstr "定义 '==' 和 '!=' 以根据 range 对象所定义的值序列来进行比较（而不是根据对象的标识）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"Added the :attr:`~range.start`, :attr:`~range.stop` and :attr:`~range.step` " +"attributes." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :attr:`~range.start`, :attr:`~range.stop` 和 :attr:`~range.step` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1500 +msgid "" +"The `linspace recipe `_ shows how to implement a lazy version of range " +"suitable for floating-point applications." +msgstr "" +"`linspace recipe `_ 演示了如何实现一个惰性求值版本的适合浮点数应用的 range 对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1512 +msgid "Text Sequence Type --- :class:`str`" +msgstr "文本序列类型 --- :class:`str`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"Textual data in Python is handled with :class:`str` objects, or " +":dfn:`strings`. Strings are immutable :ref:`sequences ` of Unicode" +" code points. String literals are written in a variety of ways:" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中处理文本数据是使用 :class:`str` 对象，也称为 :dfn:`字符串`。 字符串是由 Unicode 码位构成的不可变 " +":ref:`序列 `。 字符串字面值有多种不同的写法：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1519 +msgid "Single quotes: ``'allows embedded \"double\" quotes'``" +msgstr "单引号: ``'允许包含有 \"双\" 引号'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1520 +msgid "Double quotes: ``\"allows embedded 'single' quotes\"``" +msgstr "双引号: ``\"允许嵌入 '单' 引号\"``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1521 +msgid "Triple quoted: ``'''Three single quotes'''``, ``\"\"\"Three double quotes\"\"\"``" +msgstr "三重引号: ``'''三重单引号'''``, ``\"\"\"三重双引号\"\"\"``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"Triple quoted strings may span multiple lines - all associated whitespace " +"will be included in the string literal." +msgstr "使用三重引号的字符串可以跨越多行 —— 其中所有的空白字符都将包含在该字符串字面值中。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1526 +msgid "" +"String literals that are part of a single expression and have only " +"whitespace between them will be implicitly converted to a single string " +"literal. That is, ``(\"spam \" \"eggs\") == \"spam eggs\"``." +msgstr "" +"作为单一表达式组成部分，之间只由空格分隔的多个字符串字面值会被隐式地转换为单个字符串字面值。 也就是说，``(\"spam \" \"eggs\") " +"== \"spam eggs\"``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1530 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`strings` for more about the various forms of string literal, " +"including supported :ref:`escape sequences `, and the " +"``r`` (\"raw\") prefix that disables most escape sequence processing." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :ref:`strings` 了解有关各种字符串字面值形式的更多信息，包括所支持的 :ref:`转义序列 `，以及禁用大多数转义序列处理的 ``r`` (\"raw\") 前缀。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"Strings may also be created from other objects using the :class:`str` " +"constructor." +msgstr "字符串也可以通过使用 :class:`str` 构造器从其他对象创建。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1537 +msgid "" +"Since there is no separate \"character\" type, indexing a string produces " +"strings of length 1. That is, for a non-empty string *s*, ``s[0] == " +"s[0:1]``." +msgstr "" +"由于不存在单独的“字符”类型，对字符串做索引操作将产生一个长度为 1 的字符串。 也就是说，对于一个非空字符串 *s*, ``s[0] == " +"s[0:1]``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1543 +msgid "" +"There is also no mutable string type, but :meth:`str.join` or " +":class:`io.StringIO` can be used to efficiently construct strings from " +"multiple fragments." +msgstr "" +"不存在可变的字符串类型，但是 :meth:`str.join` 或 :class:`io.StringIO` " +"可以被被用来根据多个片段高效率地构建字符串。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"For backwards compatibility with the Python 2 series, the ``u`` prefix is " +"once again permitted on string literals. It has no effect on the meaning of " +"string literals and cannot be combined with the ``r`` prefix." +msgstr "" +"为了与 Python 2 系列的向下兼容，再次允许字符串字面值使用 ``u`` 前缀。 它对字符串字面值的含义没有影响，并且不能与 ``r`` " +"前缀同时出现。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1559 +msgid "" +"Return a :ref:`string ` version of *object*. If *object* is not " +"provided, returns the empty string. Otherwise, the behavior of ``str()`` " +"depends on whether *encoding* or *errors* is given, as follows." +msgstr "" +"返回 *object* 的 :ref:`字符串 ` 版本。 如果未提供 *object* 则返回空字符串。 在其他情况下 " +"``str()`` 的行为取决于 *encoding* 或 *errors* 是否有给出，具体见下。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"If neither *encoding* nor *errors* is given, ``str(object)`` returns " +":meth:`type(object).__str__(object) `, which is the " +"\"informal\" or nicely printable string representation of *object*. For " +"string objects, this is the string itself. If *object* does not have a " +":meth:`~object.__str__` method, then :func:`str` falls back to returning " +":func:`repr(object) `." +msgstr "" +"如果 *encoding* 或 *errors* 均未给出，则 ``str(object)`` 将返回 " +":meth:`type(object).__str__(object) `，这是 *object* " +"的“非正式”而适合显示的字符串表示形式。 对于字符串对象，这就是该字符串本身。 如果 *object* 没有 " +":meth:`~object.__str__` 方法，则 :func:`str` 将回退为返回 :func:`repr(object) `。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1575 +msgid "" +"If at least one of *encoding* or *errors* is given, *object* should be a " +":term:`bytes-like object` (e.g. :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`). In " +"this case, if *object* is a :class:`bytes` (or :class:`bytearray`) object, " +"then ``str(bytes, encoding, errors)`` is equivalent to " +":meth:`bytes.decode(encoding, errors) `. Otherwise, the bytes" +" object underlying the buffer object is obtained before calling " +":meth:`bytes.decode`. See :ref:`binaryseq` and :ref:`bufferobjects` for " +"information on buffer objects." +msgstr "" +"如果 *encoding* 或 *errors* 至少给出其中之一，则 *object* 应该是一个 :term:`bytes-like object`" +" (例如 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray`)。 在此情况下，如果 *object* 是一个 " +":class:`bytes` (或 :class:`bytearray`) 对象，则 ``str(bytes, encoding, errors)`` " +"等价于 :meth:`bytes.decode(encoding, errors) `。 否则的话，会在调用 " +":meth:`bytes.decode` 之前获取缓冲区对象下层的 bytes 对象。 请参阅 :ref:`binaryseq` 与 " +":ref:`bufferobjects` 了解有关缓冲区对象的信息。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1584 +msgid "" +"Passing a :class:`bytes` object to :func:`str` without the *encoding* or " +"*errors* arguments falls under the first case of returning the informal " +"string representation (see also the :option:`-b` command-line option to " +"Python). For example::" +msgstr "" +"将一个 :class:`bytes` 对象传入 :func:`str` 而不给出 *encoding* 或 *errors* 参数的操作属于第一种情况，" +" 将返回非正式的字符串表示（另请参阅 Python 的 :option:`-b` 命令行选项）。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1589 +msgid "" +">>> str(b'Zoot!')\n" +"\"b'Zoot!'\"" +msgstr "" +">>> str(b'Zoot!')\n" +"\"b'Zoot!'\"" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"For more information on the ``str`` class and its methods, see " +":ref:`textseq` and the :ref:`string-methods` section below. To output " +"formatted strings, see the :ref:`f-strings` and :ref:`formatstrings` " +"sections. In addition, see the :ref:`stringservices` section." +msgstr "" +"有关 ``str`` 类及其方法的更多信息，请参阅下面的 :ref:`textseq` 和 :ref:`string-methods` 小节。 " +"要输出格式化字符串，请参阅 :ref:`f-strings` 和 :ref:`formatstrings` 小节。 此外还可以参阅 " +":ref:`stringservices` 小节。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1604 +msgid "String Methods" +msgstr "字符串的方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1609 +msgid "" +"Strings implement all of the :ref:`common ` sequence " +"operations, along with the additional methods described below." +msgstr "字符串实现了所有 :ref:`一般 ` 序列的操作，还额外提供了以下列出的一些附加方法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1612 +msgid "" +"Strings also support two styles of string formatting, one providing a large " +"degree of flexibility and customization (see :meth:`str.format`, " +":ref:`formatstrings` and :ref:`string-formatting`) and the other based on C " +"``printf`` style formatting that handles a narrower range of types and is " +"slightly harder to use correctly, but is often faster for the cases it can " +"handle (:ref:`old-string-formatting`)." +msgstr "" +"字符串还支持两种字符串格式化样式，一种提供了很大程度的灵活性和可定制性 (参阅 :meth:`str.format`, " +":ref:`formatstrings` 和 :ref:`string-formatting`) 而另一种是基于 C ``printf`` " +"样式的格式化，它可处理的类型范围较窄，并且更难以正确使用，但对于它可处理的情况往往会更为快速 (:ref:`old-string-" +"formatting`)。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1619 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`textservices` section of the standard library covers a number of " +"other modules that provide various text related utilities (including regular" +" expression support in the :mod:`re` module)." +msgstr "" +"标准库的 :ref:`textservices` 部分涵盖了许多其他模块，提供各种文本相关工具（例如包含于 :mod:`re` " +"模块中的正则表达式支持）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1625 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with its first character capitalized and the " +"rest lowercased." +msgstr "返回原字符串的副本，其首个字符大写，其余为小写。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1628 +msgid "" +"The first character is now put into titlecase rather than uppercase. This " +"means that characters like digraphs will only have their first letter " +"capitalized, instead of the full character." +msgstr "" +"第一个字符现在被放入了 titlecase 而不是 uppercase。 这意味着复合字母类字符将只有首个字母改为大写，而再不是全部字符大写。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1635 +msgid "" +"Return a casefolded copy of the string. Casefolded strings may be used for " +"caseless matching." +msgstr "返回原字符串消除大小写的副本。 消除大小写的字符串可用于忽略大小写的匹配。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1638 +msgid "" +"Casefolding is similar to lowercasing but more aggressive because it is " +"intended to remove all case distinctions in a string. For example, the " +"German lowercase letter ``'ß'`` is equivalent to ``\"ss\"``. Since it is " +"already lowercase, :meth:`lower` would do nothing to ``'ß'``; " +":meth:`casefold` converts it to ``\"ss\"``." +msgstr "" +"消除大小写类似于转为小写，但是更加彻底一些，因为它会移除字符串中的所有大小写变化形式。 例如，德语小写字母 ``'ß'`` 相当于 " +"``\"ss\"``。 由于它已经是小写了，:meth:`lower` 不会对 ``'ß'`` 做任何改变；而 :meth:`casefold` " +"则会将其转换为 ``\"ss\"``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1644 +msgid "" +"The casefolding algorithm is `described in section 3.13 'Default Case " +"Folding' of the Unicode Standard " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"大小写折叠算法在 ` Unicode 标准第 3.13 节 'Default Case Folding' 中描述 " +"`__。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1653 +msgid "" +"Return centered in a string of length *width*. Padding is done using the " +"specified *fillchar* (default is an ASCII space). The original string is " +"returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." +msgstr "" +"返回长度为 *width* 的字符串，原字符串在其正中。 使用指定的 *fillchar* 填充两边的空位（默认使用 ASCII 空格符）。 如果 " +"*width* 小于等于 ``len(s)`` 则返回原字符串的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1661 +msgid "" +"Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring *sub* in the " +"range [*start*, *end*]. Optional arguments *start* and *end* are " +"interpreted as in slice notation." +msgstr "" +"返回子字符串 *sub* 在 [*start*, *end*] 范围内非重叠出现的次数。 可选参数 *start* 与 *end* " +"会被解读为切片表示法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"If *sub* is empty, returns the number of empty strings between characters " +"which is the length of the string plus one." +msgstr "如果 *sub* 为空，则返回字符之间的空字符串数，即字符串的长度加一。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1671 +msgid "Return the string encoded to :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "返回编码为 :class:`bytes` 的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1673 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2970 +msgid "" +"*encoding* defaults to ``'utf-8'``; see :ref:`standard-encodings` for " +"possible values." +msgstr "*encoding* 默认为 ``'utf-8'`` ；请参阅 :ref:`standard-encodings` 了解其他可能的值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1676 +msgid "" +"*errors* controls how encoding errors are handled. If ``'strict'`` (the " +"default), a :exc:`UnicodeError` exception is raised. Other possible values " +"are ``'ignore'``, ``'replace'``, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'``, " +"``'backslashreplace'`` and any other name registered via " +":func:`codecs.register_error`. See :ref:`error-handlers` for details." +msgstr "" +"*errors* 控制如何处理编码错误。 如为 ``'strict'`` (默认值)，则会引发 :exc:`UnicodeError`。 其他可能的值有" +" ``'ignore'``, ``'replace'``, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'``, " +"``'backslashreplace'`` 以及通过 :func:`codecs.register_error` 注册的任何其他名称。 请参阅 " +":ref:`error-handlers` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1683 +msgid "" +"For performance reasons, the value of *errors* is not checked for validity " +"unless an encoding error actually occurs, :ref:`devmode` is enabled or a " +":ref:`debug build ` is used." +msgstr "" +"出于性能原因，除非真正发生了编码错误，启用了 :ref:`devmode` 或使用了 :ref:`调试编译版 ` 否则不会检查" +" *errors* 值的有效性。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1688 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2989 +msgid "Added support for keyword arguments." +msgstr "加入了对关键字参数的支持。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1691 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2992 +msgid "" +"The value of the *errors* argument is now checked in :ref:`devmode` and in " +":ref:`debug mode `." +msgstr "现在会在 :ref:`devmode` 和 :ref:`调试模式 ` 下检查 *errors* 参数的值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1698 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the string ends with the specified *suffix*, otherwise " +"return ``False``. *suffix* can also be a tuple of suffixes to look for. " +"With optional *start*, test beginning at that position. With optional " +"*end*, stop comparing at that position." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串以指定的 *suffix* 结束返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 *suffix* " +"也可以为由多个供查找的后缀构成的元组。 如果有可选项 *start*，将从所指定位置开始检查。 如果有可选项 *end*，将在所指定位置停止比较。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1706 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string where all tab characters are replaced by one or " +"more spaces, depending on the current column and the given tab size. Tab " +"positions occur every *tabsize* characters (default is 8, giving tab " +"positions at columns 0, 8, 16 and so on). To expand the string, the current" +" column is set to zero and the string is examined character by character. " +"If the character is a tab (``\\t``), one or more space characters are " +"inserted in the result until the current column is equal to the next tab " +"position. (The tab character itself is not copied.) If the character is a " +"newline (``\\n``) or return (``\\r``), it is copied and the current column " +"is reset to zero. Any other character is copied unchanged and the current " +"column is incremented by one regardless of how the character is represented " +"when printed." +msgstr "" +"返回字符串的副本，其中所有的制表符会由一个或多个空格替换，具体取决于当前列位置和给定的制表符宽度。 每 *tabsize* 个字符设为一个制表位（默认值" +" 8 时设定的制表位在列 0, 8, 16 依次类推）。 要展开字符串，当前列将被设为零并逐一检查字符串中的每个字符。 如果字符为制表符 " +"(``\\t``)，则会在结果中插入一个或多个空格符，直到当前列等于下一个制表位。 （制表符本身不会被复制。） 如果字符为换行符 (``\\n``) " +"或回车符 (``\\r``)，它会被复制并将当前列重设为零。 任何其他字符会被不加修改地复制并将当前列加一，不论该字符在被打印时会如何显示。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1727 +msgid "" +"Return the lowest index in the string where substring *sub* is found within " +"the slice ``s[start:end]``. Optional arguments *start* and *end* are " +"interpreted as in slice notation. Return ``-1`` if *sub* is not found." +msgstr "" +"返回子字符串 *sub* 在 ``s[start:end]`` 切片内被找到的最小索引。 可选参数 *start* 与 *end* " +"会被解读为切片表示法。 如果 *sub* 未被找到则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1733 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~str.find` method should be used only if you need to know the " +"position of *sub*. To check if *sub* is a substring or not, use the " +":keyword:`in` operator::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~str.find` 方法应该只在你需要知道 *sub* 所在位置时使用。 要检查 *sub* 是否为子字符串，请使用 " +":keyword:`in` 操作符::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1737 +msgid "" +">>> 'Py' in 'Python'\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> 'Py' in 'Python'\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1743 +msgid "" +"Perform a string formatting operation. The string on which this method is " +"called can contain literal text or replacement fields delimited by braces " +"``{}``. Each replacement field contains either the numeric index of a " +"positional argument, or the name of a keyword argument. Returns a copy of " +"the string where each replacement field is replaced with the string value of" +" the corresponding argument." +msgstr "" +"执行字符串格式化操作。 调用此方法的字符串可以包含字符串字面值或者以花括号 ``{}`` 括起来的替换域。 " +"每个替换域可以包含一个位置参数的数字索引，或者一个关键字参数的名称。 返回的字符串副本中每个替换域都会被替换为对应参数的字符串值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1753 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`formatstrings` for a description of the various formatting options" +" that can be specified in format strings." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`formatstrings` 了解有关可以在格式字符串中指定的各种格式选项的说明。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1757 +msgid "" +"When formatting a number (:class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex`, " +":class:`decimal.Decimal` and subclasses) with the ``n`` type (ex: " +"``'{:n}'.format(1234)``), the function temporarily sets the ``LC_CTYPE`` " +"locale to the ``LC_NUMERIC`` locale to decode ``decimal_point`` and " +"``thousands_sep`` fields of :c:func:`localeconv` if they are non-ASCII or " +"longer than 1 byte, and the ``LC_NUMERIC`` locale is different than the " +"``LC_CTYPE`` locale. This temporary change affects other threads." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``n`` 类型 (例如: ``'{:n}'.format(1234)``) 来格式化数字 (:class:`int`, " +":class:`float`, :class:`complex`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` 及其子类) " +"的时候，该函数会临时性地将 ``LC_CTYPE`` 区域设置为 ``LC_NUMERIC`` 区域以解码 :c:func:`localeconv` " +"的 ``decimal_point`` 和 ``thousands_sep`` 字段，如果它们是非 ASCII 字符或长度超过 1 字节的话，并且 " +"``LC_NUMERIC`` 区域会与 ``LC_CTYPE`` 区域不一致。 这个临时更改会影响其他线程。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1766 +msgid "" +"When formatting a number with the ``n`` type, the function sets temporarily " +"the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale to the ``LC_NUMERIC`` locale in some cases." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``n`` 类型格式化数字时，该函数在某些情况下会临时性地将 ``LC_CTYPE`` 区域设置为 ``LC_NUMERIC`` 区域。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1774 +msgid "" +"Similar to ``str.format(**mapping)``, except that ``mapping`` is used " +"directly and not copied to a :class:`dict`. This is useful if for example " +"``mapping`` is a dict subclass:" +msgstr "" +"类似于 ``str.format(**mapping)``，不同之处在于 ``mapping`` 会被直接使用而不是复制到一个 " +":class:`dict`。 适宜使用此方法的一个例子是当 ``mapping`` 为 dict 的子类的情况：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`~str.find`, but raise :exc:`ValueError` when the substring is " +"not found." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`~str.find`，但在找不到子字符串时会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all characters in the string are alphanumeric and there " +"is at least one character, ``False`` otherwise. A character ``c`` is " +"alphanumeric if one of the following returns ``True``: ``c.isalpha()``, " +"``c.isdecimal()``, ``c.isdigit()``, or ``c.isnumeric()``." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串中的所有字符都是字母或数字且至少有一个字符，则返回 ``True`` ， 否则返回 ``False`` 。 如果 " +"``c.isalpha()`` ， ``c.isdecimal()`` ， ``c.isdigit()`` ，或 ``c.isnumeric()`` " +"之中有一个返回 ``True`` ，则字符 ``c`` 是字母或数字。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1804 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is " +"at least one character, ``False`` otherwise. Alphabetic characters are " +"those characters defined in the Unicode character database as \"Letter\", " +"i.e., those with general category property being one of \"Lm\", \"Lt\", " +"\"Lu\", \"Ll\", or \"Lo\". Note that this is different from the `Alphabetic" +" property defined in the section 4.10 'Letters, Alphabetic, and Ideographic'" +" of the Unicode Standard " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串中的所有字符都为字母类并且至少有一个字符则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 字母类字符是指在 Unicode " +"字符数据库中被定义为 \"Letter\" 的字符，即通用类别属性为 \"Lm\", \"Lt\", \"Lu\", \"Ll\" 或 \"Lo\" " +"之一的字符。 请注意这不同于 `在 Unicode 标准 4.10 节 'Letters, Alphabetic, and Ideographic' " +"中定义的 Alphabetic 属性 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1815 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the string is empty or all characters in the string are " +"ASCII, ``False`` otherwise. ASCII characters have code points in the range " +"U+0000-U+007F." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串为空或字符串中的所有字符都是 ASCII ，返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。ASCII 字符的码点范围是 " +"U+0000-U+007F 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all characters in the string are decimal characters and " +"there is at least one character, ``False`` otherwise. Decimal characters are" +" those that can be used to form numbers in base 10, e.g. U+0660, ARABIC-" +"INDIC DIGIT ZERO. Formally a decimal character is a character in the " +"Unicode General Category \"Nd\"." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串中的所有字符都是十进制字符且该字符串至少有一个字符，则返回 ``True`` ， 否则返回 ``False`` " +"。十进制字符指那些可以用来组成10进制数字的字符，例如 U+0660 ，即阿拉伯字母数字0 。 严格地讲，十进制字符是 Unicode 通用类别 " +"\"Nd\" 中的一个字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1834 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all characters in the string are digits and there is at " +"least one character, ``False`` otherwise. Digits include decimal characters" +" and digits that need special handling, such as the compatibility " +"superscript digits. This covers digits which cannot be used to form numbers " +"in base 10, like the Kharosthi numbers. Formally, a digit is a character " +"that has the property value Numeric_Type=Digit or Numeric_Type=Decimal." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串中的所有字符都是数字，并且至少有一个字符，返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 " +"数字包括十进制字符和需要特殊处理的数字，如兼容性上标数字。这包括了不能用来组成 10 进制数的数字，如 Kharosthi 数。 " +"严格地讲，数字是指属性值为 Numeric_Type=Digit 或 Numeric_Type=Decimal 的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1844 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the string is a valid identifier according to the " +"language definition, section :ref:`identifiers`." +msgstr "如果字符串是有效的标识符，返回 ``True`` ，依据语言定义， :ref:`identifiers` 节。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1847 +msgid "" +":func:`keyword.iskeyword` can be used to test whether string ``s`` is a " +"reserved identifier, such as :keyword:`def` and :keyword:`class`." +msgstr "" +":func:`keyword.iskeyword` 可被用来测试字符串 ``s`` 是否为保留的标识符，如 :keyword:`def` 和 " +":keyword:`class`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1850 +msgid "Example: ::" +msgstr "示例： ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1853 +msgid "" +">>> from keyword import iskeyword\n" +"\n" +">>> 'hello'.isidentifier(), iskeyword('hello')\n" +"(True, False)\n" +">>> 'def'.isidentifier(), iskeyword('def')\n" +"(True, True)" +msgstr "" +">>> from keyword import iskeyword\n" +"\n" +">>> 'hello'.isidentifier(), iskeyword('hello')\n" +"(True, False)\n" +">>> 'def'.isidentifier(), iskeyword('def')\n" +"(True, True)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1863 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all cased characters [4]_ in the string are lowercase and" +" there is at least one cased character, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果字符串中至少有一个区分大小写的字符 [4]_ 且此类字符均为小写则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1869 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all characters in the string are numeric characters, and " +"there is at least one character, ``False`` otherwise. Numeric characters " +"include digit characters, and all characters that have the Unicode numeric " +"value property, e.g. U+2155, VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH. Formally, numeric " +"characters are those with the property value Numeric_Type=Digit, " +"Numeric_Type=Decimal or Numeric_Type=Numeric." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串中至少有一个字符且所有字符均为数值字符则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 数值字符包括数字字符，以及所有在 " +"Unicode 中设置了数值特性属性的字符，例如 U+2155, VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH。 " +"正式的定义为：数值字符就是具有特征属性值 Numeric_Type=Digit, Numeric_Type=Decimal 或 " +"Numeric_Type=Numeric 的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1879 +msgid "" +"Return true if all characters in the string are printable, false if it " +"contains at least one non-printable character." +msgstr "如果字符串中的所有字符均为可打印字符则返回真值，如果包含至少一个不可打印字符则返回假值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1882 +msgid "" +"Here \"printable\" means the character is suitable for :func:`repr` to use " +"in its output; \"non-printable\" means that :func:`repr` on built-in types " +"will hex-escape the character. It has no bearing on the handling of strings" +" written to :data:`sys.stdout` or :data:`sys.stderr`." +msgstr "" +"这里的“可打印”是指字符适用于在其输出中 :func:`repr` 中；“不可打印”则意味着内置类型的 :func:`repr` " +"将以十六进制转义代码表示该字符。 它不会影响对写入到 :data:`sys.stdout` 或 :data:`sys.stderr` 的字符串的处理。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1887 +msgid "" +"The printable characters are those which in the Unicode character database " +"(see :mod:`unicodedata`) have a general category in group Letter, Mark, " +"Number, Punctuation, or Symbol (L, M, N, P, or S); plus the ASCII space " +"0x20. Nonprintable characters are those in group Separator or Other (Z or " +"C), except the ASCII space." +msgstr "" +"可打印字符就是在 Unicode 字符数据库 (参见 :mod:`unicodedata`) 中分组为主类别 Letter, Mark, Number," +" Punctuation 或 Symbol (L, M, N, P 或 S) 的字符；加上 ASCII 空格符 0x20。 不可打印字符就是分组为 " +"Separator 或 Other (Z 或 C) 的字符，ASCII 空格符除外。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1896 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if there are only whitespace characters in the string and " +"there is at least one character, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果字符串中只有空白字符且至少有一个字符则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1899 +msgid "" +"A character is *whitespace* if in the Unicode character database (see " +":mod:`unicodedata`), either its general category is ``Zs`` (\"Separator, " +"space\"), or its bidirectional class is one of ``WS``, ``B``, or ``S``." +msgstr "" +"*空白* 字符是指在 Unicode 字符数据库 (参见 :mod:`unicodedata`) 中主要类别为 ``Zs`` (\"Separator," +" space\") 或所属双向类为 ``WS``, ``B`` 或 ``S`` 的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1907 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the string is a titlecased string and there is at least " +"one character, for example uppercase characters may only follow uncased " +"characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return ``False`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串中至少有一个字符且为标题字符串则返回 ``True`` ，例如大写字符之后只能带非大写字符而小写字符必须有大写字符打头。 否则返回 " +"``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1914 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all cased characters [4]_ in the string are uppercase and" +" there is at least one cased character, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果字符串中至少有一个区分大小写的字符 [4]_ 且此类字符均为大写则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1932 +msgid "" +"Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in *iterable*. A " +":exc:`TypeError` will be raised if there are any non-string values in " +"*iterable*, including :class:`bytes` objects. The separator between " +"elements is the string providing this method." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由 *iterable* 中的字符串拼接而成的字符串。 如果 *iterable* 中存在任何非字符串值包括 :class:`bytes` " +"对象则会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 调用该方法的字符串将作为元素之间的分隔。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1940 +msgid "" +"Return the string left justified in a string of length *width*. Padding is " +"done using the specified *fillchar* (default is an ASCII space). The " +"original string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." +msgstr "" +"返回长度为 *width* 的字符串，原字符串在其中靠左对齐。 使用指定的 *fillchar* 填充空位 (默认使用 ASCII 空格符)。 如果 " +"*width* 小于等于 ``len(s)`` 则返回原字符串的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]_ converted to " +"lowercase." +msgstr "返回原字符串的副本，其所有区分大小写的字符 [4]_ 均转换为小写。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1950 +msgid "" +"The lowercasing algorithm used is `described in section 3.13 'Default Case " +"Folding' of the Unicode Standard " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"所使用的小写算法 `在 Unicode 标准 3.13 节 'Default Case Folding' 中描述 " +"`__。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1957 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with leading characters removed. The *chars* " +"argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be removed. If " +"omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to removing whitespace. " +"The *chars* argument is not a prefix; rather, all combinations of its values" +" are stripped::" +msgstr "" +"返回原字符串的副本，移除其中的前导字符。 *chars* 参数为指定要移除字符的字符串。 如果省略或为 ``None``，则 *chars* " +"参数默认移除空白符。 实际上 *chars* 参数并非指定单个前缀；而是会移除参数值的所有组合::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1962 +msgid "" +">>> ' spacious '.lstrip()\n" +"'spacious '\n" +">>> 'www.example.com'.lstrip('cmowz.')\n" +"'example.com'" +msgstr "" +">>> ' spacious '.lstrip()\n" +"'spacious '\n" +">>> 'www.example.com'.lstrip('cmowz.')\n" +"'example.com'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1967 +msgid "" +"See :meth:`str.removeprefix` for a method that will remove a single prefix " +"string rather than all of a set of characters. For example::" +msgstr "参见 :meth:`str.removeprefix` ，该方法将删除单个前缀字符串，而不是全部给定集合中的字符。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1970 +msgid "" +">>> 'Arthur: three!'.lstrip('Arthur: ')\n" +"'ee!'\n" +">>> 'Arthur: three!'.removeprefix('Arthur: ')\n" +"'three!'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'Arthur: three!'.lstrip('Arthur: ')\n" +"'ee!'\n" +">>> 'Arthur: three!'.removeprefix('Arthur: ')\n" +"'three!'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1978 +msgid "" +"This static method returns a translation table usable for " +":meth:`str.translate`." +msgstr "此静态方法返回一个可供 :meth:`str.translate` 使用的转换对照表。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1980 +msgid "" +"If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode " +"ordinals (integers) or characters (strings of length 1) to Unicode ordinals," +" strings (of arbitrary lengths) or ``None``. Character keys will then be " +"converted to ordinals." +msgstr "" +"如果只有一个参数，则它必须是一个将 Unicode 码位序号（整数）或字符（长度为 1 的字符串）映射到 Unicode " +"码位序号、（任意长度的）字符串或 ``None`` 的字典。 字符键将会被转换为码位序号。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1985 +msgid "" +"If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the" +" resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character " +"at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a " +"string, whose characters will be mapped to ``None`` in the result." +msgstr "" +"如果有两个参数，则它们必须是两个长度相等的字符串，并且在结果字典中，x 中每个字符将被映射到 y 中相同位置的字符。 " +"如果有第三个参数，它必须是一个字符串，其中的字符将在结果中被映射到 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1993 +msgid "" +"Split the string at the first occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " +"containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part" +" after the separator. If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple " +"containing the string itself, followed by two empty strings." +msgstr "" +"在 *sep* 首次出现的位置拆分字符串，返回一个 3 元组，其中包含分隔符之前的部分、分隔符本身，以及分隔符之后的部分。 如果分隔符未找到，则返回的 " +"3 元组中包含字符本身以及两个空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"If the string starts with the *prefix* string, return " +"``string[len(prefix):]``. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string::" +msgstr "如果字符串以 *prefix* 字符串开头，返回 ``string[len(prefix):]``。 否则，返回原始字符串的副本：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2005 +msgid "" +">>> 'TestHook'.removeprefix('Test')\n" +"'Hook'\n" +">>> 'BaseTestCase'.removeprefix('Test')\n" +"'BaseTestCase'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'TestHook'.removeprefix('Test')\n" +"'Hook'\n" +">>> 'BaseTestCase'.removeprefix('Test')\n" +"'BaseTestCase'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2015 +msgid "" +"If the string ends with the *suffix* string and that *suffix* is not empty, " +"return ``string[:-len(suffix)]``. Otherwise, return a copy of the original " +"string::" +msgstr "" +"如果字符串以 *suffix* 字符串结尾，并且 *suffix* 非空，返回 ``string[:-len(suffix)]``。 " +"否则，返回原始字符串的副本::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2019 +msgid "" +">>> 'MiscTests'.removesuffix('Tests')\n" +"'Misc'\n" +">>> 'TmpDirMixin'.removesuffix('Tests')\n" +"'TmpDirMixin'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'MiscTests'.removesuffix('Tests')\n" +"'Misc'\n" +">>> 'TmpDirMixin'.removesuffix('Tests')\n" +"'TmpDirMixin'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2029 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substring *old* replaced" +" by *new*. If *count* is given, only the first *count* occurrences are " +"replaced. If *count* is not specified or ``-1``, then all occurrences are " +"replaced." +msgstr "" +"返回字符串的副本，其中出现的所有子字符串 *old* 都将被替换为 *new*。 如果给出了 *count*，则只替换前 *count* 次出现。 如果" +" *count* 未指定或为 ``-1``，则全部替换。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2033 +msgid "*count* is now supported as a keyword argument." +msgstr "现在可支持 *count* 关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"Return the highest index in the string where substring *sub* is found, such " +"that *sub* is contained within ``s[start:end]``. Optional arguments *start*" +" and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return ``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"返回子字符串 *sub* 在字符串内被找到的最大（最右）索引，这样 *sub* 将包含在 ``s[start:end]`` 当中。 可选参数 " +"*start* 与 *end* 会被解读为切片表示法。 如果未找到则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2046 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`rfind` but raises :exc:`ValueError` when the substring *sub* is " +"not found." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`rfind`，但在子字符串 *sub* 未找到时会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2052 +msgid "" +"Return the string right justified in a string of length *width*. Padding is " +"done using the specified *fillchar* (default is an ASCII space). The " +"original string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." +msgstr "" +"返回长度为 *width* 的字符串，原字符串在其中靠右对齐。 使用指定的 *fillchar* 填充空位 (默认使用 ASCII 空格符)。 如果 " +"*width* 小于等于 ``len(s)`` 则返回原字符串的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2059 +msgid "" +"Split the string at the last occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " +"containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part" +" after the separator. If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple " +"containing two empty strings, followed by the string itself." +msgstr "" +"在 *sep* 最后一次出现的位置拆分字符串，返回一个 3 元组，其中包含分隔符之前的部分、分隔符本身，以及分隔符之后的部分。 " +"如果分隔符未找到，则返回的 3 元组中包含两个空字符串以及字符串本身。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2067 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the delimiter " +"string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits are done, the " +"*rightmost* ones. If *sep* is not specified or ``None``, any whitespace " +"string is a separator. Except for splitting from the right, :meth:`rsplit` " +"behaves like :meth:`split` which is described in detail below." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由字符串内单词组成的列表，使用 *sep* 作为分隔字符串。 如果给出了 *maxsplit*，则最多进行 *maxsplit* 次拆分，从 " +"*最右边* 开始。 如果 *sep* 未指定或为 ``None``，任何空白字符串都会被作为分隔符。 除了从右边开始拆分，:meth:`rsplit` " +"的其他行为都类似于下文所述的 :meth:`split`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2076 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with trailing characters removed. The *chars* " +"argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be removed. If " +"omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to removing whitespace. " +"The *chars* argument is not a suffix; rather, all combinations of its values" +" are stripped::" +msgstr "" +"返回原字符串的副本，移除其中的末尾字符。 *chars* 参数为指定要移除字符的字符串。 如果省略或为 ``None``，则 *chars* " +"参数默认移除空白符。 实际上 *chars* 参数并非指定单个后缀；而是会移除参数值的所有组合::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2081 +msgid "" +">>> ' spacious '.rstrip()\n" +"' spacious'\n" +">>> 'mississippi'.rstrip('ipz')\n" +"'mississ'" +msgstr "" +">>> ' spacious '.rstrip()\n" +"' spacious'\n" +">>> 'mississippi'.rstrip('ipz')\n" +"'mississ'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2086 +msgid "" +"See :meth:`str.removesuffix` for a method that will remove a single suffix " +"string rather than all of a set of characters. For example::" +msgstr "要删除单个后缀字符串，而不是全部给定集合中的字符，请参见 :meth:`str.removesuffix` 方法。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2089 +msgid "" +">>> 'Monty Python'.rstrip(' Python')\n" +"'M'\n" +">>> 'Monty Python'.removesuffix(' Python')\n" +"'Monty'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'Monty Python'.rstrip(' Python')\n" +"'M'\n" +">>> 'Monty Python'.removesuffix(' Python')\n" +"'Monty'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2096 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the delimiter " +"string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits are done (thus, " +"the list will have at most ``maxsplit+1`` elements). If *maxsplit* is not " +"specified or ``-1``, then there is no limit on the number of splits (all " +"possible splits are made)." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由字符串内单词组成的列表，使用 *sep* 作为分隔字符串。 如果给出了 *maxsplit*，则最多进行 *maxsplit* " +"次拆分（因此，列表最多会有 ``maxsplit+1`` 个元素）。 如果 *maxsplit* 未指定或为 " +"``-1``，则不限制拆分次数（进行所有可能的拆分）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2102 +msgid "" +"If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together and are " +"deemed to delimit empty strings (for example, ``'1,,2'.split(',')`` returns " +"``['1', '', '2']``). The *sep* argument may consist of multiple characters " +"as a single delimiter (to split with multiple delimiters, use " +":func:`re.split`). Splitting an empty string with a specified separator " +"returns ``['']``." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *sep*，则连续的分隔符不会被组合在一起而是会被视为分隔空字符串 (例如 ``'1,,2'.split(',')`` 将返回 " +"``['1', '', '2']``)。 *sep* 参数可能是由多个字符组成的单个分隔符 (要使用多个分隔符进行拆分，请使用 " +":func:`re.split`)。 使用指定的分隔符拆分一个空字符串将返回 ``['']``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2109 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2127 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2179 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2247 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2315 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3307 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3325 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3416 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3432 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3457 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3471 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3499 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3513 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3531 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3558 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3581 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3608 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3650 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3674 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2111 +msgid "" +">>> '1,2,3'.split(',')\n" +"['1', '2', '3']\n" +">>> '1,2,3'.split(',', maxsplit=1)\n" +"['1', '2,3']\n" +">>> '1,2,,3,'.split(',')\n" +"['1', '2', '', '3', '']\n" +">>> '1<>2<>3<4'.split('<>')\n" +"['1', '2', '3<4']" +msgstr "" +">>> '1,2,3'.split(',')\n" +"['1', '2', '3']\n" +">>> '1,2,3'.split(',', maxsplit=1)\n" +"['1', '2,3']\n" +">>> '1,2,,3,'.split(',')\n" +"['1', '2', '', '3', '']\n" +">>> '1<>2<>3<4'.split('<>')\n" +"['1', '2', '3<4']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2120 +msgid "" +"If *sep* is not specified or is ``None``, a different splitting algorithm is" +" applied: runs of consecutive whitespace are regarded as a single separator," +" and the result will contain no empty strings at the start or end if the " +"string has leading or trailing whitespace. Consequently, splitting an empty" +" string or a string consisting of just whitespace with a ``None`` separator " +"returns ``[]``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *sep* 未指定或为 " +"``None``，则会应用另一种拆分算法：连续的空格会被视为单个分隔符，其结果将不包含开头或末尾的空字符串，如果字符串包含前缀或后缀空格的话。 " +"因此，使用 ``None`` 拆分空字符串或仅包含空格的字符串将返回 ``[]``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2129 +msgid "" +">>> '1 2 3'.split()\n" +"['1', '2', '3']\n" +">>> '1 2 3'.split(maxsplit=1)\n" +"['1', '2 3']\n" +">>> ' 1 2 3 '.split()\n" +"['1', '2', '3']" +msgstr "" +">>> '1 2 3'.split()\n" +"['1', '2', '3']\n" +">>> '1 2 3'.split(maxsplit=1)\n" +"['1', '2 3']\n" +">>> ' 1 2 3 '.split()\n" +"['1', '2', '3']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2142 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries. Line" +" breaks are not included in the resulting list unless *keepends* is given " +"and true." +msgstr "返回由原字符串中各行组成的列表，在行边界的位置拆分。 结果列表中不包含行边界，除非给出了 *keepends* 且为真值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2146 +msgid "" +"This method splits on the following line boundaries. In particular, the " +"boundaries are a superset of :term:`universal newlines`." +msgstr "此方法会以下列行边界进行拆分。 特别地，行边界是 :term:`universal newlines` 的一个超集。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2150 +msgid "Representation" +msgstr "表示符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2150 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2152 +msgid "``\\n``" +msgstr "``\\n``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2152 +msgid "Line Feed" +msgstr "换行" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2154 +msgid "``\\r``" +msgstr "``\\r``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2154 +msgid "Carriage Return" +msgstr "回车" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2156 +msgid "``\\r\\n``" +msgstr "``\\r\\n``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2156 +msgid "Carriage Return + Line Feed" +msgstr "回车 + 换行" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2158 +msgid "``\\v`` or ``\\x0b``" +msgstr "``\\v`` 或 ``\\x0b``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2158 +msgid "Line Tabulation" +msgstr "行制表符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2160 +msgid "``\\f`` or ``\\x0c``" +msgstr "``\\f`` 或 ``\\x0c``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2160 +msgid "Form Feed" +msgstr "换表单" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2162 +msgid "``\\x1c``" +msgstr "``\\x1c``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2162 +msgid "File Separator" +msgstr "文件分隔符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2164 +msgid "``\\x1d``" +msgstr "``\\x1d``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2164 +msgid "Group Separator" +msgstr "组分隔符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2166 +msgid "``\\x1e``" +msgstr "``\\x1e``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2166 +msgid "Record Separator" +msgstr "记录分隔符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2168 +msgid "``\\x85``" +msgstr "``\\x85``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2168 +msgid "Next Line (C1 Control Code)" +msgstr "下一行 (C1 控制码)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2170 +msgid "``\\u2028``" +msgstr "``\\u2028``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2170 +msgid "Line Separator" +msgstr "行分隔符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2172 +msgid "``\\u2029``" +msgstr "``\\u2029``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2172 +msgid "Paragraph Separator" +msgstr "段分隔符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2177 +msgid "``\\v`` and ``\\f`` added to list of line boundaries." +msgstr "``\\v`` 和 ``\\f`` 被添加到行边界列表" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2181 +msgid "" +">>> 'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines()\n" +"['ab c', '', 'de fg', 'kl']\n" +">>> 'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines(keepends=True)\n" +"['ab c\\n', '\\n', 'de fg\\r', 'kl\\r\\n']" +msgstr "" +">>> 'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines()\n" +"['ab c', '', 'de fg', 'kl']\n" +">>> 'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines(keepends=True)\n" +"['ab c\\n', '\\n', 'de fg\\r', 'kl\\r\\n']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2186 +msgid "" +"Unlike :meth:`~str.split` when a delimiter string *sep* is given, this " +"method returns an empty list for the empty string, and a terminal line break" +" does not result in an extra line::" +msgstr "" +"不同于 :meth:`~str.split`，当给出了分隔字符串 *sep* " +"时，对于空字符串此方法将返回一个空列表，而末尾的换行不会令结果中增加额外的行::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2190 +msgid "" +">>> \"\".splitlines()\n" +"[]\n" +">>> \"One line\\n\".splitlines()\n" +"['One line']" +msgstr "" +">>> \"\".splitlines()\n" +"[]\n" +">>> \"One line\\n\".splitlines()\n" +"['One line']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2195 +msgid "For comparison, ``split('\\n')`` gives::" +msgstr "作为比较，``split('\\n')`` 的结果为::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2197 +msgid "" +">>> ''.split('\\n')\n" +"['']\n" +">>> 'Two lines\\n'.split('\\n')\n" +"['Two lines', '']" +msgstr "" +">>> ''.split('\\n')\n" +"['']\n" +">>> 'Two lines\\n'.split('\\n')\n" +"['Two lines', '']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2205 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if string starts with the *prefix*, otherwise return " +"``False``. *prefix* can also be a tuple of prefixes to look for. With " +"optional *start*, test string beginning at that position. With optional " +"*end*, stop comparing string at that position." +msgstr "" +"如果字符串以指定的 *prefix* 开始则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 *prefix* " +"也可以为由多个供查找的前缀构成的元组。 如果有可选项 *start*，将从所指定位置开始检查。 如果有可选项 *end*，将在所指定位置停止比较。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with the leading and trailing characters " +"removed. The *chars* argument is a string specifying the set of characters " +"to be removed. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to " +"removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a prefix or suffix; rather," +" all combinations of its values are stripped::" +msgstr "" +"返回原字符串的副本，移除其中的前导和末尾字符。 *chars* 参数为指定要移除字符的字符串。 如果省略或为 ``None``，则 *chars* " +"参数默认移除空白符。 实际上 *chars* 参数并非指定单个前缀或后缀；而是会移除参数值的所有组合::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2219 +msgid "" +">>> ' spacious '.strip()\n" +"'spacious'\n" +">>> 'www.example.com'.strip('cmowz.')\n" +"'example'" +msgstr "" +">>> ' spacious '.strip()\n" +"'spacious'\n" +">>> 'www.example.com'.strip('cmowz.')\n" +"'example'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2224 +msgid "" +"The outermost leading and trailing *chars* argument values are stripped from" +" the string. Characters are removed from the leading end until reaching a " +"string character that is not contained in the set of characters in *chars*. " +"A similar action takes place on the trailing end. For example::" +msgstr "" +"最外侧的前导和末尾 *chars* 参数值将从字符串中移除。 开头端的字符的移除将在遇到一个未包含于 *chars* 所指定字符集的字符时停止。 " +"类似的操作也将在结尾端发生。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2230 +msgid "" +">>> comment_string = '#....... Section 3.2.1 Issue #32 .......'\n" +">>> comment_string.strip('.#! ')\n" +"'Section 3.2.1 Issue #32'" +msgstr "" +">>> comment_string = '#....... Section 3.2.1 Issue #32 .......'\n" +">>> comment_string.strip('.#! ')\n" +"'Section 3.2.1 Issue #32'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2237 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with uppercase characters converted to lowercase" +" and vice versa. Note that it is not necessarily true that " +"``s.swapcase().swapcase() == s``." +msgstr "" +"返回原字符串的副本，其中大写字符转换为小写，反之亦然。 请注意 ``s.swapcase().swapcase() == s`` 并不一定为真值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2244 +msgid "" +"Return a titlecased version of the string where words start with an " +"uppercase character and the remaining characters are lowercase." +msgstr "返回原字符串的标题版本，其中每个单词第一个字母为大写，其余字母为小写。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2249 +msgid "" +">>> 'Hello world'.title()\n" +"'Hello World'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'Hello world'.title()\n" +"'Hello World'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2252 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3618 +msgid "" +"The algorithm uses a simple language-independent definition of a word as " +"groups of consecutive letters. The definition works in many contexts but it" +" means that apostrophes in contractions and possessives form word " +"boundaries, which may not be the desired result::" +msgstr "" +"该算法使用一种简单的与语言无关的定义，将连续的字母组合视为单词。 " +"该定义在多数情况下都很有效，但它也意味着代表缩写形式与所有格的撇号也会成为单词边界，这可能导致不希望的结果::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2257 +msgid "" +">>> \"they're bill's friends from the UK\".title()\n" +"\"They'Re Bill'S Friends From The Uk\"" +msgstr "" +">>> \"they're bill's friends from the UK\".title()\n" +"\"They'Re Bill'S Friends From The Uk\"" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2260 +msgid "" +"The :func:`string.capwords` function does not have this problem, as it " +"splits words on spaces only." +msgstr ":func:`string.capwords` 函数没有此问题，因为它只用空格来拆分单词。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2263 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, a workaround for apostrophes can be constructed using regular" +" expressions::" +msgstr "作为替代，可以使用正则表达式来构造针对撇号的变通处理::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2266 +msgid "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> def titlecase(s):\n" +"... return re.sub(r\"[A-Za-z]+('[A-Za-z]+)?\",\n" +"... lambda mo: mo.group(0).capitalize(),\n" +"... s)\n" +"...\n" +">>> titlecase(\"they're bill's friends.\")\n" +"\"They're Bill's Friends.\"" +msgstr "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> def titlecase(s):\n" +"... return re.sub(r\"[A-Za-z]+('[A-Za-z]+)?\",\n" +"... lambda mo: mo.group(0).capitalize(),\n" +"... s)\n" +"...\n" +">>> titlecase(\"they're bill's friends.\")\n" +"\"They're Bill's Friends.\"" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2278 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string in which each character has been mapped through " +"the given translation table. The table must be an object that implements " +"indexing via :meth:`~object.__getitem__`, typically a :term:`mapping` or " +":term:`sequence`. When indexed by a Unicode ordinal (an integer), the table" +" object can do any of the following: return a Unicode ordinal or a string, " +"to map the character to one or more other characters; return ``None``, to " +"delete the character from the return string; or raise a :exc:`LookupError` " +"exception, to map the character to itself." +msgstr "" +"返回原字符串的副本，其中每个字符按给定的转换表进行映射。 转换表必须是一个通过 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"来实现索引操作的对象，通常为 :term:`mapping` 或 :term:`sequence`。 当以 Unicode " +"码位序号（整数）为索引时，转换表对象可以做以下任何一种操作：返回 Unicode 码位序号或字符串，将字符映射为一个或多个其他字符；返回 " +"``None``，将字符从返回的字符串中删除；或引发 :exc:`LookupError` 异常，将字符映射为其自身。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2287 +msgid "" +"You can use :meth:`str.maketrans` to create a translation map from " +"character-to-character mappings in different formats." +msgstr "你可以使用 :meth:`str.maketrans` 基于不同格式的字符到字符映射来创建一个转换映射表。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2290 +msgid "" +"See also the :mod:`codecs` module for a more flexible approach to custom " +"character mappings." +msgstr "另请参阅 :mod:`codecs` 模块以了解定制字符映射的更灵活方式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2296 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]_ converted to " +"uppercase. Note that ``s.upper().isupper()`` might be ``False`` if ``s`` " +"contains uncased characters or if the Unicode category of the resulting " +"character(s) is not \"Lu\" (Letter, uppercase), but e.g. \"Lt\" (Letter, " +"titlecase)." +msgstr "" +"返回原字符串的副本，其中所有区分大小写的字符 [4]_ 均转换为大写。 请注意如果 ``s`` 包含不区分大小写的字符或者如果结果字符的 Unicode" +" 类别不是 \"Lu\" (Letter, uppercase) 而是 \"Lt\" (Letter, titlecase) 则 " +"``s.upper().isupper()`` 有可能为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2302 +msgid "" +"The uppercasing algorithm used is `described in section 3.13 'Default Case " +"Folding' of the Unicode Standard " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"所使用的大写转换算法 `在 Unicode 标准的第 3.13 节 'Default Case Folding' 中描述 " +"`__。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2309 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the string left filled with ASCII ``'0'`` digits to make a " +"string of length *width*. A leading sign prefix (``'+'``/``'-'``) is handled" +" by inserting the padding *after* the sign character rather than before. The" +" original string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." +msgstr "" +"返回原字符串的副本，在左边填充 ASCII ``'0'`` 数码使其长度变为 *width*。 正负值前缀 (``'+'``/``'-'``) " +"的处理方式是在正负符号 *之后* 填充而非在之前。 如果 *width* 小于等于 ``len(s)`` 则返回原字符串的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2317 +msgid "" +">>> \"42\".zfill(5)\n" +"'00042'\n" +">>> \"-42\".zfill(5)\n" +"'-0042'" +msgstr "" +">>> \"42\".zfill(5)\n" +"'00042'\n" +">>> \"-42\".zfill(5)\n" +"'-0042'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2338 +msgid "Formatted String Literals (f-strings)" +msgstr "格式化字符串字面值（f-字符串）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2341 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`await` and :keyword:`async for` can be used in expressions " +"within f-strings." +msgstr ":keyword:`await` 和 :keyword:`async for` 可在 f-字符串内部的表达式中使用。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2344 +msgid "Added the debugging operator (``=``)" +msgstr "增加了调试运算符 (``=``)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2346 +msgid "" +"Many restrictions on expressions within f-strings have been removed. " +"Notably, nested strings, comments, and backslashes are now permitted." +msgstr "许多针对 f-字符串内部的表达式的限制已被移除。 例如，嵌套字符串、注释和反斜杠现在都是允许的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2350 +msgid "" +"An :dfn:`f-string` (formally a :dfn:`formatted string literal`) is a string " +"literal that is prefixed with ``f`` or ``F``. This type of string literal " +"allows embedding arbitrary Python expressions within *replacement fields*, " +"which are delimited by curly brackets (``{}``). These expressions are " +"evaluated at runtime, similarly to :meth:`str.format`, and are converted " +"into regular :class:`str` objects. For example:" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`f-字符串` (正式名称为 :dfn:`格式化字符串字面值`) 是带有 ``f`` 或 ``F`` 前缀的字符串字面值。 " +"这种类型的字符串字面值允许将任意 Python 表达式嵌入到由花括号 (``{}``) 标记的 *替换字段* 内部。 这些表达式将在运行时被求值，这与 " +":meth:`str.format` 类似，并被转换为常规的 :class:`str` 对象。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2358 +msgid "" +">>> who = 'nobody'\n" +">>> nationality = 'Spanish'\n" +">>> f'{who.title()} expects the {nationality} Inquisition!'\n" +"'Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!'" +msgstr "" +">>> who = 'nobody'\n" +">>> nationality = 'Spanish'\n" +">>> f'{who.title()} expects the {nationality} Inquisition!'\n" +"'Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2365 +msgid "It is also possible to use a multi line f-string:" +msgstr "也可以使用包含多行的 f-字符串：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2367 +msgid "" +">>> f'''This is a string\n" +"... on two lines'''\n" +"'This is a string\\non two lines'" +msgstr "" +">>> f'''This is a string\n" +"... on two lines'''\n" +"'This is a string\\non two lines'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2373 +msgid "" +"A single opening curly bracket, ``'{'``, marks a *replacement field* that " +"can contain any Python expression:" +msgstr "一个单独的左花括号，``'{'``，标记一个可包含任意 Python 表达式的 *替换字段*：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2376 +msgid "" +">>> nationality = 'Spanish'\n" +">>> f'The {nationality} Inquisition!'\n" +"'The Spanish Inquisition!'" +msgstr "" +">>> nationality = 'Spanish'\n" +">>> f'The {nationality} Inquisition!'\n" +"'The Spanish Inquisition!'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2382 +msgid "To include a literal ``{`` or ``}``, use a double bracket:" +msgstr "要包括 ``{`` 或 ``}`` 字面值，请使用双花括号：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2384 +msgid "" +">>> x = 42\n" +">>> f'{{x}} is {x}'\n" +"'{x} is 42'" +msgstr "" +">>> x = 42\n" +">>> f'{{x}} is {x}'\n" +"'{x} is 42'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2390 +msgid "" +"Functions can also be used, and :ref:`format specifiers `:" +msgstr "还可以使用函数，以及 :ref:`格式说明符 `:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2392 +msgid "" +">>> from math import sqrt\n" +">>> f'√2 \\N{ALMOST EQUAL TO} {sqrt(2):.5f}'\n" +"'√2 ≈ 1.41421'" +msgstr "" +">>> from math import sqrt\n" +">>> f'√2 \\N{ALMOST EQUAL TO} {sqrt(2):.5f}'\n" +"'√2 ≈ 1.41421'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2398 +msgid "Any non-string expression is converted using :func:`str`, by default:" +msgstr "在默认情况下，任何非字符串表达式都将使用 :func:`str` 来转换：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2400 +msgid "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 3)}'\n" +"'1/3'" +msgstr "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 3)}'\n" +"'1/3'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2406 +msgid "" +"To use an explicit conversion, use the ``!`` (exclamation mark) operator, " +"followed by any of the valid formats, which are:" +msgstr "要使用显式转换，请使用 ``!`` (叹号) 运算符，后面跟任意的有效格式说明符，包括：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2410 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2578 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3797 +msgid "Conversion" +msgstr "转换符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2412 +msgid "``!a``" +msgstr "``!a``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2412 +msgid ":func:`ascii`" +msgstr ":func:`ascii`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2413 +msgid "``!r``" +msgstr "``!r``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2413 +msgid ":func:`repr`" +msgstr ":func:`repr`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2414 +msgid "``!s``" +msgstr "``!s``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2414 +msgid ":func:`str`" +msgstr ":func:`str`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2417 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2419 +msgid "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 3)!s}'\n" +"'1/3'\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 3)!r}'\n" +"'Fraction(1, 3)'\n" +">>> question = '¿Dónde está el Presidente?'\n" +">>> print(f'{question!a}')\n" +"'\\xbfD\\xf3nde est\\xe1 el Presidente?'" +msgstr "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 3)!s}'\n" +"'1/3'\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 3)!r}'\n" +"'Fraction(1, 3)'\n" +">>> question = '¿Dónde está el Presidente?'\n" +">>> print(f'{question!a}')\n" +"'\\xbfD\\xf3nde est\\xe1 el Presidente?'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2430 +msgid "" +"While debugging it may be helpful to see both the expression and its value, " +"by using the equals sign (``=``) after the expression. This preserves spaces" +" within the brackets, and can be used with a converter. By default, the " +"debugging operator uses the :func:`repr` (``!r``) conversion. For example:" +msgstr "" +"在调试期间同时看到表达式和值会很有帮助，具体是在表达式后使用等号 (``=``)。 这将保留花括号内部的空格，并可以使用转换器。 " +"在默认情况下，调试运算符使用 :func:`repr` (``!r``) 转换器。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2436 +msgid "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> calculation = Fraction(1, 3)\n" +">>> f'{calculation=}'\n" +"'calculation=Fraction(1, 3)'\n" +">>> f'{calculation = }'\n" +"'calculation = Fraction(1, 3)'\n" +">>> f'{calculation = !s}'\n" +"'calculation = 1/3'" +msgstr "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> calculation = Fraction(1, 3)\n" +">>> f'{calculation=}'\n" +"'calculation=Fraction(1, 3)'\n" +">>> f'{calculation = }'\n" +"'calculation = Fraction(1, 3)'\n" +">>> f'{calculation = !s}'\n" +"'calculation = 1/3'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2447 +msgid "" +"Once the output has been evaluated, it can be formatted using a :ref:`format" +" specifier ` following a colon (``':'``). After the " +"expression has been evaluated, and possibly converted to a string, the " +":meth:`!__format__` method of the result is called with the format " +"specifier, or the empty string if no format specifier is given. The " +"formatted result is then used as the final value for the replacement field. " +"For example:" +msgstr "" +"输出一旦已被求值，就可以用 :ref:`格式说明符 ` 后面跟一个冒号 (``':'``) 来格式化它。 " +"在表达式已被求值，并可能被转换为字符串之后，就会调用结果的 :meth:`!__format__` " +"方法并附带该格式说明符，或者如果未给出格式说明符则附带空字符串。 随后将使用已格式化的结果作为替换字段最终的值。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2455 +msgid "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 7):.6f}'\n" +"'0.142857'\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 7):_^+10}'\n" +"'___+1/7___'" +msgstr "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 7):.6f}'\n" +"'0.142857'\n" +">>> f'{Fraction(1, 7):_^+10}'\n" +"'___+1/7___'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2467 +msgid "``printf``-style String Formatting" +msgstr "``printf`` 风格的字符串格式化" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2480 +msgid "" +"The formatting operations described here exhibit a variety of quirks that " +"lead to a number of common errors (such as failing to display tuples and " +"dictionaries correctly). Using the newer :ref:`formatted string literals " +"`, the :meth:`str.format` interface, or :ref:`template strings " +"` may help avoid these errors. Each of these alternatives" +" provides their own trade-offs and benefits of simplicity, flexibility, " +"and/or extensibility." +msgstr "" +"此处介绍的格式化操作具有多种怪异特性，可能导致许多常见错误（例如无法正确显示元组和字典）。 使用较新的 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 " +"`，:meth:`str.format` 接口或 :ref:`模板字符串 ` " +"有助于避免这样的错误。 这些替代方案中的每一种都更好地权衡并提供了简单、灵活以及可扩展性优势。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2488 +msgid "" +"String objects have one unique built-in operation: the ``%`` operator " +"(modulo). This is also known as the string *formatting* or *interpolation* " +"operator. Given ``format % values`` (where *format* is a string), ``%`` " +"conversion specifications in *format* are replaced with zero or more " +"elements of *values*. The effect is similar to using the :c:func:`sprintf` " +"function in the C language. For example:" +msgstr "" +"字符串具有一种特殊的内置操作即 ``%`` (求模) 运算符。 这也被称为字符串的 *格式化* 或 *插值* 运算符。 对于给定的 ``format %" +" values`` (其中 *format* 是一个字符串)，在 *format* 中的 ``%`` 转换标记符将被替换为零个或多个 *values* " +"中的元素。 其效果类似于在 C 语言中使用 :c:func:`sprintf` 函数。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2495 +msgid "" +">>> print('%s has %d quote types.' % ('Python', 2))\n" +"Python has 2 quote types." +msgstr "" +">>> print('%s has %d quote types.' % ('Python', 2))\n" +"Python has 2 quote types." + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2500 +msgid "" +"If *format* requires a single argument, *values* may be a single non-tuple " +"object. [5]_ Otherwise, *values* must be a tuple with exactly the number of" +" items specified by the format string, or a single mapping object (for " +"example, a dictionary)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *format* 要求一个单独参数，则 *values* 可以为一个非元组对象。 [5]_ 否则的话，*values* " +"必须或者是一个包含项数与格式字符串中指定的转换符项数相同的元组，或者是一个单独映射对象（例如字典）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2510 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3729 +msgid "" +"A conversion specifier contains two or more characters and has the following" +" components, which must occur in this order:" +msgstr "转换标记符包含两个或更多字符并具有以下组成，且必须遵循此处规定的顺序：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2513 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3732 +msgid "The ``'%'`` character, which marks the start of the specifier." +msgstr "``'%'`` 字符，用于标记转换符的起始。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2515 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3734 +msgid "" +"Mapping key (optional), consisting of a parenthesised sequence of characters" +" (for example, ``(somename)``)." +msgstr "映射键（可选），由加圆括号的字符序列组成 (例如 ``(somename)``)。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2518 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3737 +msgid "" +"Conversion flags (optional), which affect the result of some conversion " +"types." +msgstr "转换旗标（可选），用于影响某些转换类型的结果。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2521 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3740 +msgid "" +"Minimum field width (optional). If specified as an ``'*'`` (asterisk), the " +"actual width is read from the next element of the tuple in *values*, and the" +" object to convert comes after the minimum field width and optional " +"precision." +msgstr "" +"最小字段宽度（可选）。 如果指定为 ``'*'`` (星号)，则实际宽度会从 *values* " +"元组的下一元素中读取，要转换的对象则为最小字段宽度和可选的精度之后的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2525 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3744 +msgid "" +"Precision (optional), given as a ``'.'`` (dot) followed by the precision. " +"If specified as ``'*'`` (an asterisk), the actual precision is read from the" +" next element of the tuple in *values*, and the value to convert comes after" +" the precision." +msgstr "" +"精度（可选），以在 ``'.'`` (点号) 之后加精度值的形式给出。 如果指定为 ``'*'`` (星号)，则实际精度会从 *values* " +"元组的下一元素中读取，要转换的对象则为精度之后的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2530 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3749 +msgid "Length modifier (optional)." +msgstr "长度修饰符（可选）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2532 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3751 +msgid "Conversion type." +msgstr "转换类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2534 +msgid "" +"When the right argument is a dictionary (or other mapping type), then the " +"formats in the string *must* include a parenthesised mapping key into that " +"dictionary inserted immediately after the ``'%'`` character. The mapping key" +" selects the value to be formatted from the mapping. For example:" +msgstr "" +"当右边的参数为一个字典（或其他映射类型）时，字符串中的格式 *必须* 包含加圆括号的映射键，对应 ``'%'`` 字符之后字典中的每一项。 " +"映射键将从映射中选取要格式化的值。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2543 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3762 +msgid "" +"In this case no ``*`` specifiers may occur in a format (since they require a" +" sequential parameter list)." +msgstr "在此情况下格式中不能出现 ``*`` 标记符（因其需要一个序列类的参数列表）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2546 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3765 +msgid "The conversion flag characters are:" +msgstr "转换旗标为：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2555 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3774 +msgid "Flag" +msgstr "旗标" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2557 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3776 +msgid "``'#'``" +msgstr "``'#'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2557 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3776 +msgid "" +"The value conversion will use the \"alternate form\" (where defined below)." +msgstr "值的转换将使用“替代形式”（具体定义见下文）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2560 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3779 +msgid "``'0'``" +msgstr "``'0'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2560 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3779 +msgid "The conversion will be zero padded for numeric values." +msgstr "转换将为数字值填充零字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2562 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3781 +msgid "``'-'``" +msgstr "``'-'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2562 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3781 +msgid "" +"The converted value is left adjusted (overrides the ``'0'`` conversion if " +"both are given)." +msgstr "转换值将靠左对齐（如果同时给出 ``'0'`` 转换，则会覆盖后者）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2565 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3784 +msgid "``' '``" +msgstr "``' '``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2565 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3784 +msgid "" +"(a space) A blank should be left before a positive number (or empty string) " +"produced by a signed conversion." +msgstr "(空格) 符号位转换产生的正数（或空字符串）前将留出一个空格。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2568 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3787 +msgid "``'+'``" +msgstr "``'+'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2568 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3787 +msgid "" +"A sign character (``'+'`` or ``'-'``) will precede the conversion (overrides" +" a \"space\" flag)." +msgstr "符号字符 (``'+'`` 或 ``'-'``) 将显示于转换结果的开头（会覆盖 \"空格\" 旗标）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2572 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3791 +msgid "" +"A length modifier (``h``, ``l``, or ``L``) may be present, but is ignored as" +" it is not necessary for Python -- so e.g. ``%ld`` is identical to ``%d``." +msgstr "" +"可以给出长度修饰符 (``h``, ``l`` 或 ``L``)，但会被忽略，因为对 Python 来说没有必要 -- 所以 ``%ld`` 等价于 " +"``%d``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2575 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3794 +msgid "The conversion types are:" +msgstr "转换类型为：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2580 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3799 +msgid "``'d'``" +msgstr "``'d'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2580 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2582 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3799 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3801 +msgid "Signed integer decimal." +msgstr "有符号十进制整数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2582 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3801 +msgid "``'i'``" +msgstr "``'i'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2584 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3803 +msgid "``'o'``" +msgstr "``'o'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2584 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3803 +msgid "Signed octal value." +msgstr "有符号八进制数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2586 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3805 +msgid "``'u'``" +msgstr "``'u'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2586 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3805 +msgid "Obsolete type -- it is identical to ``'d'``." +msgstr "过时类型 -- 等价于 ``'d'``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2588 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3807 +msgid "``'x'``" +msgstr "``'x'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2588 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3807 +msgid "Signed hexadecimal (lowercase)." +msgstr "有符号十六进制数（小写）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2590 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3809 +msgid "``'X'``" +msgstr "``'X'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2590 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3809 +msgid "Signed hexadecimal (uppercase)." +msgstr "有符号十六进制数（大写）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2592 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3811 +msgid "``'e'``" +msgstr "``'e'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2592 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3811 +msgid "Floating-point exponential format (lowercase)." +msgstr "浮点指数格式（小写）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2594 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3813 +msgid "``'E'``" +msgstr "``'E'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2594 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3813 +msgid "Floating-point exponential format (uppercase)." +msgstr "浮点指数格式（大写）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2596 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3815 +msgid "``'f'``" +msgstr "``'f'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2596 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2598 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3815 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3817 +msgid "Floating-point decimal format." +msgstr "浮点十进制格式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2598 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3817 +msgid "``'F'``" +msgstr "``'F'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2600 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3819 +msgid "``'g'``" +msgstr "``'g'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2600 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3819 +msgid "" +"Floating-point format. Uses lowercase exponential format if exponent is less" +" than -4 or not less than precision, decimal format otherwise." +msgstr "浮点格式。 如果指数小于 -4 或不小于精度则使用小写指数格式，否则使用十进制格式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2604 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3823 +msgid "``'G'``" +msgstr "``'G'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2604 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3823 +msgid "" +"Floating-point format. Uses uppercase exponential format if exponent is less" +" than -4 or not less than precision, decimal format otherwise." +msgstr "浮点格式。 如果指数小于 -4 或不小于精度则使用大写指数格式，否则使用十进制格式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2608 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3827 +msgid "``'c'``" +msgstr "``'c'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2608 +msgid "Single character (accepts integer or single character string)." +msgstr "单个字符（接受整数或单个字符的字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2611 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3840 +msgid "``'r'``" +msgstr "``'r'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2611 +msgid "String (converts any Python object using :func:`repr`)." +msgstr "字符串（使用 :func:`repr` 转换任何 Python 对象）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2614 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3834 +msgid "``'s'``" +msgstr "``'s'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2614 +msgid "String (converts any Python object using :func:`str`)." +msgstr "字符串（使用 :func:`str` 转换任何 Python 对象）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2617 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3837 +msgid "``'a'``" +msgstr "``'a'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2617 +msgid "String (converts any Python object using :func:`ascii`)." +msgstr "字符串（使用 :func:`ascii` 转换任何 Python 对象）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2620 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3843 +msgid "``'%'``" +msgstr "``'%'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2620 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3843 +msgid "" +"No argument is converted, results in a ``'%'`` character in the result." +msgstr "不转换参数，在结果中输出一个 ``'%'`` 字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2627 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3850 +msgid "" +"The alternate form causes a leading octal specifier (``'0o'``) to be " +"inserted before the first digit." +msgstr "此替代形式会在第一个数码之前插入标示八进制数的前缀 (``'0o'``)。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2631 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3854 +msgid "" +"The alternate form causes a leading ``'0x'`` or ``'0X'`` (depending on " +"whether the ``'x'`` or ``'X'`` format was used) to be inserted before the " +"first digit." +msgstr "" +"此替代形式会在第一个数码之前插入 ``'0x'`` 或 ``'0X'`` 前缀（取决于是使用 ``'x'`` 还是 ``'X'`` 格式）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2635 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3858 +msgid "" +"The alternate form causes the result to always contain a decimal point, even" +" if no digits follow it." +msgstr "此替代形式总是会在结果中包含一个小数点，即使其后并没有数码。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2638 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3861 +msgid "" +"The precision determines the number of digits after the decimal point and " +"defaults to 6." +msgstr "小数点后的数码位数由精度决定，默认为 6。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2642 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3865 +msgid "" +"The alternate form causes the result to always contain a decimal point, and " +"trailing zeroes are not removed as they would otherwise be." +msgstr "此替代形式总是会在结果中包含一个小数点，末尾各位的零不会如其他情况下那样被移除。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2645 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3868 +msgid "" +"The precision determines the number of significant digits before and after " +"the decimal point and defaults to 6." +msgstr "小数点前后的有效数码位数由精度决定，默认为 6。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2649 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3872 +msgid "If precision is ``N``, the output is truncated to ``N`` characters." +msgstr "如果精度为 ``N``，输出将截短为 ``N`` 个字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2652 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3881 +msgid "See :pep:`237`." +msgstr "参见 :pep:`237`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2654 +msgid "" +"Since Python strings have an explicit length, ``%s`` conversions do not " +"assume that ``'\\0'`` is the end of the string." +msgstr "由于 Python 字符串显式指明长度，``%s`` 转换不会将 ``'\\0'`` 视为字符串的结束。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2659 +msgid "" +"``%f`` conversions for numbers whose absolute value is over 1e50 are no " +"longer replaced by ``%g`` conversions." +msgstr "绝对值超过 1e50 的 ``%f`` 转换不会再被替换为 ``%g`` 转换。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2670 +msgid "" +"Binary Sequence Types --- :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, " +":class:`memoryview`" +msgstr "二进制序列类型 --- :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, :class:`memoryview`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2678 +msgid "" +"The core built-in types for manipulating binary data are :class:`bytes` and " +":class:`bytearray`. They are supported by :class:`memoryview` which uses the" +" :ref:`buffer protocol ` to access the memory of other binary" +" objects without needing to make a copy." +msgstr "" +"操作二进制数据的核心内置类型是 :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray`。 它们由 :class:`memoryview`" +" 提供支持，该对象使用 :ref:`缓冲区协议 ` 来访问其他二进制对象所在内存，不需要创建对象的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2683 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`array` module supports efficient storage of basic data types like " +"32-bit integers and IEEE754 double-precision floating values." +msgstr ":mod:`array` 模块支持高效地存储基本数据类型，例如 32 位整数和 IEEE754 双精度浮点值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2689 +msgid "Bytes Objects" +msgstr "bytes 对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2693 +msgid "" +"Bytes objects are immutable sequences of single bytes. Since many major " +"binary protocols are based on the ASCII text encoding, bytes objects offer " +"several methods that are only valid when working with ASCII compatible data " +"and are closely related to string objects in a variety of other ways." +msgstr "" +"bytes 对象是由单个字节构成的不可变序列。 由于许多主要二进制协议都基于 ASCII 文本编码，因此 bytes 对象提供了一些仅在处理 ASCII" +" 兼容数据时可用，并且在许多特性上与字符串对象紧密相关的方法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2700 +msgid "" +"Firstly, the syntax for bytes literals is largely the same as that for " +"string literals, except that a ``b`` prefix is added:" +msgstr "首先，表示 bytes 字面值的语法与字符串字面值的大致相同，只是添加了一个 ``b`` 前缀：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2703 +msgid "Single quotes: ``b'still allows embedded \"double\" quotes'``" +msgstr "单引号: ``b'同样允许嵌入 \"双\" 引号'``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2704 +msgid "Double quotes: ``b\"still allows embedded 'single' quotes\"``" +msgstr "双引号: ``b\"仍然允许嵌入 '单' 引号\"``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2705 +msgid "Triple quoted: ``b'''3 single quotes'''``, ``b\"\"\"3 double quotes\"\"\"``" +msgstr "三重引号: ``b'''三重单引号'''``, ``b\"\"\"三重双引号\"\"\"``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2707 +msgid "" +"Only ASCII characters are permitted in bytes literals (regardless of the " +"declared source code encoding). Any binary values over 127 must be entered " +"into bytes literals using the appropriate escape sequence." +msgstr "" +"bytes 字面值中只允许 ASCII 字符（无论源代码声明的编码格式为何）。 任何超出 127 的二进制值必须使用相应的转义序列形式加入 bytes " +"字面值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2711 +msgid "" +"As with string literals, bytes literals may also use a ``r`` prefix to " +"disable processing of escape sequences. See :ref:`strings` for more about " +"the various forms of bytes literal, including supported escape sequences." +msgstr "" +"像字符串字面值一样，bytes 字面值也可以使用 ``r`` 前缀来禁用转义序列处理。 请参阅 :ref:`strings` 了解有关各种 bytes " +"字面值形式的详情，包括所支持的转义序列。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2715 +msgid "" +"While bytes literals and representations are based on ASCII text, bytes " +"objects actually behave like immutable sequences of integers, with each " +"value in the sequence restricted such that ``0 <= x < 256`` (attempts to " +"violate this restriction will trigger :exc:`ValueError`). This is done " +"deliberately to emphasise that while many binary formats include ASCII based" +" elements and can be usefully manipulated with some text-oriented " +"algorithms, this is not generally the case for arbitrary binary data " +"(blindly applying text processing algorithms to binary data formats that are" +" not ASCII compatible will usually lead to data corruption)." +msgstr "" +"虽然 bytes 字面值和表示法是基于 ASCII 文本的，但 bytes 对象的行为实际上更像是不可变的整数序列，序列中的每个值的大小被限制为 ``0" +" <= x < 256`` (如果违反此限制将引发 :exc:`ValueError`)。 " +"这种限制是有意设计用以强调以下事实，虽然许多二进制格式都包含基于 ASCII " +"的元素，可以通过某些面向文本的算法进行有用的操作，但情况对于任意二进制数据来说通常却并非如此（盲目地将文本处理算法应用于不兼容 ASCII " +"的二进制数据格式往往将导致数据损坏）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2725 +msgid "" +"In addition to the literal forms, bytes objects can be created in a number " +"of other ways:" +msgstr "除了字面值形式，bytes 对象还可以通过其他几种方式来创建：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2728 +msgid "A zero-filled bytes object of a specified length: ``bytes(10)``" +msgstr "指定长度的以零值填充的 bytes 对象: ``bytes(10)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2729 +msgid "From an iterable of integers: ``bytes(range(20))``" +msgstr "通过由整数组成的可迭代对象: ``bytes(range(20))``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2730 +msgid "Copying existing binary data via the buffer protocol: ``bytes(obj)``" +msgstr "通过缓冲区协议复制现有的二进制数据: ``bytes(obj)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2732 +msgid "Also see the :ref:`bytes ` built-in." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`bytes ` 内置类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2734 +msgid "" +"Since 2 hexadecimal digits correspond precisely to a single byte, " +"hexadecimal numbers are a commonly used format for describing binary data. " +"Accordingly, the bytes type has an additional class method to read data in " +"that format:" +msgstr "" +"由于两个十六进制数码精确对应一个字节，因此十六进制数是描述二进制数据的常用格式。 相应地，bytes 类型具有从此种格式读取数据的附加类方法：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2740 +msgid "" +"This :class:`bytes` class method returns a bytes object, decoding the given " +"string object. The string must contain two hexadecimal digits per byte, " +"with ASCII whitespace being ignored." +msgstr "" +"此 :class:`bytes` 类方法返回一个解码给定字符串的 bytes 对象。 字符串必须由表示每个字节的两个十六进制数码构成，其中的 ASCII" +" 空白符会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2747 +msgid "" +":meth:`bytes.fromhex` now skips all ASCII whitespace in the string, not just" +" spaces." +msgstr ":meth:`bytes.fromhex` 现在会忽略所有 ASCII 空白符而不只是空格符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2751 +msgid "" +"A reverse conversion function exists to transform a bytes object into its " +"hexadecimal representation." +msgstr "存在一个反向转换函数，可以将 bytes 对象转换为对应的十六进制表示。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2756 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2841 +msgid "" +"Return a string object containing two hexadecimal digits for each byte in " +"the instance." +msgstr "返回一个字符串对象，该对象包含实例中每个字节的两个十六进制数字。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2762 +msgid "" +"If you want to make the hex string easier to read, you can specify a single " +"character separator *sep* parameter to include in the output. By default, " +"this separator will be included between each byte. A second optional " +"*bytes_per_sep* parameter controls the spacing. Positive values calculate " +"the separator position from the right, negative values from the left." +msgstr "" +"如果你希望令十六进制数字符串更易读，你可以指定单个字符分隔符作为 *sep* 形参包含于输出中。 默认情况下，该分隔符会放在每个字节之间。 第二个可选的" +" *bytes_per_sep* 形参控制间距。 正值会从右开始计算分隔符的位置，负值则是从左开始。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2779 +msgid "" +":meth:`bytes.hex` now supports optional *sep* and *bytes_per_sep* parameters" +" to insert separators between bytes in the hex output." +msgstr "" +":meth:`bytes.hex` 现在支持可选的 *sep* 和 *bytes_per_sep* 形参以在十六进制输出的字节之间插入分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2783 +msgid "" +"Since bytes objects are sequences of integers (akin to a tuple), for a bytes" +" object *b*, ``b[0]`` will be an integer, while ``b[0:1]`` will be a bytes " +"object of length 1. (This contrasts with text strings, where both indexing " +"and slicing will produce a string of length 1)" +msgstr "" +"由于 bytes 对象是由整数构成的序列（类似于元组），因此对于一个 bytes 对象 *b*，``b[0]`` 将为一个整数，而 ``b[0:1]``" +" 将为一个长度为 1 的 bytes 对象。 （这与文本字符串不同，索引和切片所产生的将都是一个长度为 1 的字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2788 +msgid "" +"The representation of bytes objects uses the literal format (``b'...'``) " +"since it is often more useful than e.g. ``bytes([46, 46, 46])``. You can " +"always convert a bytes object into a list of integers using ``list(b)``." +msgstr "" +"bytes 对象的表示使用字面值格式 (``b'...'``)，因为它通常都要比像 ``bytes([46, 46, 46])`` 这样的格式更好用。 " +"你总是可以使用 ``list(b)`` 将 bytes 对象转换为一个由整数构成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2796 +msgid "Bytearray Objects" +msgstr "bytearray 对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2800 +msgid "" +":class:`bytearray` objects are a mutable counterpart to :class:`bytes` " +"objects." +msgstr ":class:`bytearray` 对象是 :class:`bytes` 对象的可变对应物。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2805 +msgid "" +"There is no dedicated literal syntax for bytearray objects, instead they are" +" always created by calling the constructor:" +msgstr "bytearray 对象没有专属的字面值语法，它们总是通过调用构造器来创建：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2808 +msgid "Creating an empty instance: ``bytearray()``" +msgstr "创建一个空实例: ``bytearray()``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2809 +msgid "Creating a zero-filled instance with a given length: ``bytearray(10)``" +msgstr "创建一个指定长度的以零值填充的实例: ``bytearray(10)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2810 +msgid "From an iterable of integers: ``bytearray(range(20))``" +msgstr "通过由整数组成的可迭代对象: ``bytearray(range(20))``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2811 +msgid "" +"Copying existing binary data via the buffer protocol: ``bytearray(b'Hi!')``" +msgstr "通过缓冲区协议复制现有的二进制数据: ``bytearray(b'Hi!')``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2813 +msgid "" +"As bytearray objects are mutable, they support the :ref:`mutable ` sequence operations in addition to the common bytes and bytearray " +"operations described in :ref:`bytes-methods`." +msgstr "" +"由于 bytearray 对象是可变的，该对象除了 :ref:`bytes-methods` 中所描述的 bytes 和 bytearray " +"共有操作之外，还支持 :ref:`可变 ` 序列操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2817 +msgid "Also see the :ref:`bytearray ` built-in." +msgstr "另请参见 :ref:`bytearray ` 内置类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2819 +msgid "" +"Since 2 hexadecimal digits correspond precisely to a single byte, " +"hexadecimal numbers are a commonly used format for describing binary data. " +"Accordingly, the bytearray type has an additional class method to read data " +"in that format:" +msgstr "" +"由于两个十六进制数码精确对应一个字节，因此十六进制数是描述二进制数据的常用格式。 相应地，bytearray 类型具有从此种格式读取数据的附加类方法：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2825 +msgid "" +"This :class:`bytearray` class method returns bytearray object, decoding the " +"given string object. The string must contain two hexadecimal digits per " +"byte, with ASCII whitespace being ignored." +msgstr "" +":class:`bytearray` 类方法返回一个解码给定字符串的 bytearray 对象。 字符串必须由表示每个字节的两个十六进制数码构成，其中的" +" ASCII 空白符会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2832 +msgid "" +":meth:`bytearray.fromhex` now skips all ASCII whitespace in the string, not " +"just spaces." +msgstr ":meth:`bytearray.fromhex` 现在会忽略所有 ASCII 空白符而不只是空格符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2836 +msgid "" +"A reverse conversion function exists to transform a bytearray object into " +"its hexadecimal representation." +msgstr "存在一个反向转换函数，可以将 bytearray 对象转换为对应的十六进制表示。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2849 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`bytes.hex`, :meth:`bytearray.hex` now supports optional " +"*sep* and *bytes_per_sep* parameters to insert separators between bytes in " +"the hex output." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`bytes.hex` 相似， :meth:`bytearray.hex` 现在支持可选的 *sep* 和 " +"*bytes_per_sep* 参数以在十六进制输出的字节之间插入分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2854 +msgid "" +"Since bytearray objects are sequences of integers (akin to a list), for a " +"bytearray object *b*, ``b[0]`` will be an integer, while ``b[0:1]`` will be " +"a bytearray object of length 1. (This contrasts with text strings, where " +"both indexing and slicing will produce a string of length 1)" +msgstr "" +"由于 bytearray 对象是由整数构成的序列（类似于列表），因此对于一个 bytearray 对象 *b*，``b[0]`` 将为一个整数，而 " +"``b[0:1]`` 将为一个长度为 1 的 bytearray 对象。 （这与文本字符串不同，索引和切片所产生的将都是一个长度为 1 的字符串）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2859 +msgid "" +"The representation of bytearray objects uses the bytes literal format " +"(``bytearray(b'...')``) since it is often more useful than e.g. " +"``bytearray([46, 46, 46])``. You can always convert a bytearray object into" +" a list of integers using ``list(b)``." +msgstr "" +"bytearray 对象的表示使用 bytes 对象字面值格式 (``bytearray(b'...')``)，因为它通常都要比 " +"``bytearray([46, 46, 46])`` 这样的格式更好用。 你总是可以使用 ``list(b)`` 将 bytearray " +"对象转换为一个由整数构成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2868 +msgid "Bytes and Bytearray Operations" +msgstr "bytes 和 bytearray 操作" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2873 +msgid "" +"Both bytes and bytearray objects support the :ref:`common `" +" sequence operations. They interoperate not just with operands of the same " +"type, but with any :term:`bytes-like object`. Due to this flexibility, they " +"can be freely mixed in operations without causing errors. However, the " +"return type of the result may depend on the order of operands." +msgstr "" +"bytes 和 bytearray 对象都支持 :ref:`通用 ` 序列操作。 " +"它们不仅能与相同类型的操作数，也能与任何 :term:`bytes-like object` 进行互操作。 " +"由于这样的灵活性，它们可以在操作中自由地混合而不会导致错误。 但是，操作结果的返回值类型可能取决于操作数的顺序。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2881 +msgid "" +"The methods on bytes and bytearray objects don't accept strings as their " +"arguments, just as the methods on strings don't accept bytes as their " +"arguments. For example, you have to write::" +msgstr "" +"bytes 和 bytearray 对象的方法不接受字符串作为其参数，就像字符串的方法不接受 bytes 对象作为其参数一样。 " +"例如，你必须使用以下写法::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2885 +msgid "" +"a = \"abc\"\n" +"b = a.replace(\"a\", \"f\")" +msgstr "" +"a = \"abc\"\n" +"b = a.replace(\"a\", \"f\")" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2888 +msgid "and::" +msgstr "和::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2890 +msgid "" +"a = b\"abc\"\n" +"b = a.replace(b\"a\", b\"f\")" +msgstr "" +"a = b\"abc\"\n" +"b = a.replace(b\"a\", b\"f\")" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2893 +msgid "" +"Some bytes and bytearray operations assume the use of ASCII compatible " +"binary formats, and hence should be avoided when working with arbitrary " +"binary data. These restrictions are covered below." +msgstr "" +"某些 bytes 和 bytearray 操作假定使用兼容 ASCII 的二进制格式，因此在处理任意二进数数据时应当避免使用。 这些限制会在下文中说明。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2898 +msgid "" +"Using these ASCII based operations to manipulate binary data that is not " +"stored in an ASCII based format may lead to data corruption." +msgstr "使用这些基于 ASCII 的操作来处理未以基于 ASCII 的格式存储的二进制数据可能会导致数据损坏。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2901 +msgid "" +"The following methods on bytes and bytearray objects can be used with " +"arbitrary binary data." +msgstr "bytes 和 bytearray 对象的下列方法可以用于任意二进制数据。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2907 +msgid "" +"Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsequence *sub* in the" +" range [*start*, *end*]. Optional arguments *start* and *end* are " +"interpreted as in slice notation." +msgstr "" +"返回子序列 *sub* 在 [*start*, *end*] 范围内非重叠出现的次数。 可选参数 *start* 与 *end* 会被解读为切片表示法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2911 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3016 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3038 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3104 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3117 +msgid "" +"The subsequence to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object` or an " +"integer in the range 0 to 255." +msgstr "要搜索的子序列可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object` 或是 0 至 255 范围内的整数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2914 +msgid "" +"If *sub* is empty, returns the number of empty slices between characters " +"which is the length of the bytes object plus one." +msgstr "如果 *sub* 为空，则返回字符之间的空切片的数量即字节串对象的长度加一。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2917 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3028 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3041 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3107 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3120 +msgid "Also accept an integer in the range 0 to 255 as the subsequence." +msgstr "也接受 0 至 255 范围内的整数作为子序列。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2924 +msgid "" +"If the binary data starts with the *prefix* string, return " +"``bytes[len(prefix):]``. Otherwise, return a copy of the original binary " +"data::" +msgstr "如果二进制数据以 *prefix* 字符串开头，返回 ``bytes[len(prefix):]``。 否则，返回原始二进制数据的副本：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2928 +msgid "" +">>> b'TestHook'.removeprefix(b'Test')\n" +"b'Hook'\n" +">>> b'BaseTestCase'.removeprefix(b'Test')\n" +"b'BaseTestCase'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'TestHook'.removeprefix(b'Test')\n" +"b'Hook'\n" +">>> b'BaseTestCase'.removeprefix(b'Test')\n" +"b'BaseTestCase'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2933 +msgid "The *prefix* may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." +msgstr "*prefix* 可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2937 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2959 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3092 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3185 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3199 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3230 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3244 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3286 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3357 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3375 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3403 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3542 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3597 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3640 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3661 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3683 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3885 +msgid "" +"The bytearray version of this method does *not* operate in place - it always" +" produces a new object, even if no changes were made." +msgstr "此方法的 bytearray 版本 *并非* 原地操作 —— 它总是产生一个新对象，即便没有做任何改变。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2946 +msgid "" +"If the binary data ends with the *suffix* string and that *suffix* is not " +"empty, return ``bytes[:-len(suffix)]``. Otherwise, return a copy of the " +"original binary data::" +msgstr "" +"如果二进制数据以 *suffix* 字符串结尾，并且 *suffix* 非空，返回 ``bytes[:-len(suffix)]``。 " +"否则，返回原始二进制数据的副本::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2950 +msgid "" +">>> b'MiscTests'.removesuffix(b'Tests')\n" +"b'Misc'\n" +">>> b'TmpDirMixin'.removesuffix(b'Tests')\n" +"b'TmpDirMixin'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'MiscTests'.removesuffix(b'Tests')\n" +"b'Misc'\n" +">>> b'TmpDirMixin'.removesuffix(b'Tests')\n" +"b'TmpDirMixin'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2955 +msgid "The *suffix* may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." +msgstr "*suffix* 可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2968 +msgid "Return the bytes decoded to a :class:`str`." +msgstr "返回解码为 :class:`str` 的字节串。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2973 +msgid "" +"*errors* controls how decoding errors are handled. If ``'strict'`` (the " +"default), a :exc:`UnicodeError` exception is raised. Other possible values " +"are ``'ignore'``, ``'replace'``, and any other name registered via " +":func:`codecs.register_error`. See :ref:`error-handlers` for details." +msgstr "" +"*errors* 控制如何处理编码错误。 如为 ``'strict'`` (默认值)，则会引发 :exc:`UnicodeError`。 其他可能的值有" +" ``'ignore'``, ``'replace'`` 以及通过 :func:`codecs.register_error` 注册的任何其他名称。 " +"请参阅 :ref:`error-handlers` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2979 +msgid "" +"For performance reasons, the value of *errors* is not checked for validity " +"unless a decoding error actually occurs, :ref:`devmode` is enabled or a " +":ref:`debug build ` is used." +msgstr "" +"出于性能原因，除非真正发生了编码错误，启用了 :ref:`devmode` 或使用了 :ref:`调试编译版 ` 否则不会检查" +" *errors* 值的有效性。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2985 +msgid "" +"Passing the *encoding* argument to :class:`str` allows decoding any " +":term:`bytes-like object` directly, without needing to make a temporary " +":class:`!bytes` or :class:`!bytearray` object." +msgstr "" +"将 *encoding* 参数传给 :class:`str` 允许直接解码任何 :term:`bytes-like object`，无须创建临时的 " +":class:`!bytes` 或 :class:`!bytearray` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3000 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the binary data ends with the specified *suffix*, " +"otherwise return ``False``. *suffix* can also be a tuple of suffixes to " +"look for. With optional *start*, test beginning at that position. With " +"optional *end*, stop comparing at that position." +msgstr "" +"如果二进制数据以指定的 *suffix* 结束则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 *suffix* " +"也可以为由多个供查找的后缀构成的元组。 如果有可选项 *start*，将从所指定位置开始检查。 如果有可选项 *end*，将在所指定位置停止比较。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3005 +msgid "The suffix(es) to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." +msgstr "要搜索的后缀可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3011 +msgid "" +"Return the lowest index in the data where the subsequence *sub* is found, " +"such that *sub* is contained in the slice ``s[start:end]``. Optional " +"arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return " +"``-1`` if *sub* is not found." +msgstr "" +"返回子序列 *sub* 在数据中被找到的最小索引，*sub* 包含于切片 ``s[start:end]`` 之内。 可选参数 *start* 与 " +"*end* 会被解读为切片表示法。 如果 *sub* 未被找到则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3021 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~bytes.find` method should be used only if you need to know the " +"position of *sub*. To check if *sub* is a substring or not, use the " +":keyword:`in` operator::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~bytes.find` 方法应该只在你需要知道 *sub* 所在位置时使用。 要检查 *sub* 是否为子串，请使用 " +":keyword:`in` 操作符::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3025 +msgid "" +">>> b'Py' in b'Python'\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Py' in b'Python'\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3035 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`~bytes.find`, but raise :exc:`ValueError` when the subsequence " +"is not found." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`~bytes.find`，但在找不到子序列时会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3048 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes or bytearray object which is the concatenation of the binary " +"data sequences in *iterable*. A :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if there " +"are any values in *iterable* that are not :term:`bytes-like objects `, including :class:`str` objects. The separator between " +"elements is the contents of the bytes or bytearray object providing this " +"method." +msgstr "" +"返回一个由 *iterable* 中的二进制数据序列拼接而成的 bytes 或 bytearray 对象。 如果 *iterable* 中存在任何非 " +":term:`字节类对象 ` 包括存在 :class:`str` 对象值则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 提供该方法的 bytes 或 bytearray 对象的内容将作为元素之间的分隔。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3059 +msgid "" +"This static method returns a translation table usable for " +":meth:`bytes.translate` that will map each character in *from* into the " +"character at the same position in *to*; *from* and *to* must both be " +":term:`bytes-like objects ` and have the same length." +msgstr "" +"此静态方法返回一个可用于 :meth:`bytes.translate` 的转换对照表，它将把 *from* 中的每个字符映射为 *to* " +"中相同位置上的字符；*from* 与 *to* 必须都是 :term:`字节类对象 ` 并且具有相同的长度。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3070 +msgid "" +"Split the sequence at the first occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " +"containing the part before the separator, the separator itself or its " +"bytearray copy, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not " +"found, return a 3-tuple containing a copy of the original sequence, followed" +" by two empty bytes or bytearray objects." +msgstr "" +"在 *sep* 首次出现的位置拆分序列，返回一个 3 元组，其中包含分隔符之前的部分、分隔符本身或其 bytearray 副本，以及分隔符之后的部分。 " +"如果分隔符未找到，则返回的 3 元组中包含原序列以及两个空的 bytes 或 bytearray 对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3077 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3134 +msgid "The separator to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." +msgstr "要搜索的分隔符可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3083 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with all occurrences of subsequence *old* " +"replaced by *new*. If the optional argument *count* is given, only the " +"first *count* occurrences are replaced." +msgstr "" +"返回序列的副本，其中出现的所有子序列 *old* 都将被替换为 *new*。 如果给出了可选参数 *count*，则只替换前 *count* 次出现。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3087 +msgid "" +"The subsequence to search for and its replacement may be any :term:`bytes-" +"like object`." +msgstr "要搜索的子序列及其替换序列可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3099 +msgid "" +"Return the highest index in the sequence where the subsequence *sub* is " +"found, such that *sub* is contained within ``s[start:end]``. Optional " +"arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return " +"``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"返回子序列 *sub* 在序列内被找到的最大（最右）索引，这样 *sub* 将包含在 ``s[start:end]`` 当中。 可选参数 *start*" +" 与 *end* 会被解读为切片表示法。 如果未找到则返回 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3114 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`~bytes.rfind` but raises :exc:`ValueError` when the subsequence " +"*sub* is not found." +msgstr "类似于 :meth:`~bytes.rfind`，但在子序列 *sub* 未找到时会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3127 +msgid "" +"Split the sequence at the last occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " +"containing the part before the separator, the separator itself or its " +"bytearray copy, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not " +"found, return a 3-tuple containing two empty bytes or bytearray objects, " +"followed by a copy of the original sequence." +msgstr "" +"在 *sep* 最后一次出现的位置拆分序列，返回一个 3 元组，其中包含分隔符之前的部分，分隔符本身或其 bytearray " +"副本，以及分隔符之后的部分。 如果分隔符未找到，则返回的 3 元组中包含两个空的 bytes 或 bytearray 对象以及原序列的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3140 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the binary data starts with the specified *prefix*, " +"otherwise return ``False``. *prefix* can also be a tuple of prefixes to " +"look for. With optional *start*, test beginning at that position. With " +"optional *end*, stop comparing at that position." +msgstr "" +"如果二进制数据以指定的 *prefix* 开头则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 *prefix* " +"也可以为由多个供查找的前缀构成的元组。 如果有可选项 *start*，将从所指定位置开始检查。 如果有可选项 *end*，将在所指定位置停止比较。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3145 +msgid "The prefix(es) to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." +msgstr "要搜索的前缀可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3151 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the bytes or bytearray object where all bytes occurring in " +"the optional argument *delete* are removed, and the remaining bytes have " +"been mapped through the given translation table, which must be a bytes " +"object of length 256." +msgstr "" +"返回原 bytes 或 bytearray 对象的副本，移除其中所有在可选参数 *delete* 中出现的 bytes，其余 bytes " +"将通过给定的转换表进行映射，该转换表必须是长度为 256 的 bytes 对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3156 +msgid "" +"You can use the :func:`bytes.maketrans` method to create a translation " +"table." +msgstr "你可以使用 :func:`bytes.maketrans` 方法来创建转换表。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3159 +msgid "" +"Set the *table* argument to ``None`` for translations that only delete " +"characters::" +msgstr "对于仅需移除字符的转换，请将 *table* 参数设为 ``None``::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3162 +msgid "" +">>> b'read this short text'.translate(None, b'aeiou')\n" +"b'rd ths shrt txt'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'read this short text'.translate(None, b'aeiou')\n" +"b'rd ths shrt txt'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3165 +msgid "*delete* is now supported as a keyword argument." +msgstr "现在支持将 *delete* 作为关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3169 +msgid "" +"The following methods on bytes and bytearray objects have default behaviours" +" that assume the use of ASCII compatible binary formats, but can still be " +"used with arbitrary binary data by passing appropriate arguments. Note that " +"all of the bytearray methods in this section do *not* operate in place, and " +"instead produce new objects." +msgstr "" +"以下 bytes 和 bytearray 对象的方法的默认行为会假定使用兼容 ASCII 的二进制格式，但通过传入适当的参数仍然可用于任意二进制数据。 " +"请注意本小节中所有的 bytearray 方法都 *不是* 原地执行操作，而是会产生新的对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3178 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the object centered in a sequence of length *width*. " +"Padding is done using the specified *fillbyte* (default is an ASCII space). " +"For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if *width* is " +"less than or equal to ``len(s)``." +msgstr "" +"返回原对象的副本，在长度为 *width* 的序列内居中，使用指定的 *fillbyte* 填充两边的空位（默认使用 ASCII 空格符）。 对于 " +":class:`bytes` 对象，如果 *width* 小于等于 ``len(s)`` 则返回原序列的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3192 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the object left justified in a sequence of length *width*. " +"Padding is done using the specified *fillbyte* (default is an ASCII space). " +"For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if *width* is " +"less than or equal to ``len(s)``." +msgstr "" +"返回原对象的副本，在长度为 *width* 的序列中靠左对齐。 使用指定的 *fillbyte* 填充空位（默认使用 ASCII 空格符）。 对于 " +":class:`bytes` 对象，如果 *width* 小于等于 ``len(s)`` 则返回原序列的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3206 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with specified leading bytes removed. The " +"*chars* argument is a binary sequence specifying the set of byte values to " +"be removed - the name refers to the fact this method is usually used with " +"ASCII characters. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to " +"removing ASCII whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a prefix; rather, " +"all combinations of its values are stripped::" +msgstr "" +"返回原序列的副本，移除指定的前导字节。 *chars* 参数为指定要移除字节值集合的二进制序列 —— 这个名称表明此方法通常是用于 ASCII 字符。 " +"如果省略或为 ``None``，则 *chars* 参数默认移除 ASCII 空白符。 *chars* " +"参数并非指定单个前缀；而是会移除参数值的所有组合::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3213 +msgid "" +">>> b' spacious '.lstrip()\n" +"b'spacious '\n" +">>> b'www.example.com'.lstrip(b'cmowz.')\n" +"b'example.com'" +msgstr "" +">>> b' spacious '.lstrip()\n" +"b'spacious '\n" +">>> b'www.example.com'.lstrip(b'cmowz.')\n" +"b'example.com'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3218 +msgid "" +"The binary sequence of byte values to remove may be any :term:`bytes-like " +"object`. See :meth:`~bytes.removeprefix` for a method that will remove a " +"single prefix string rather than all of a set of characters. For example::" +msgstr "" +"要移除的二进制序列可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object` 。 要删除单个前缀字符串，而不是全部给定集合中的字符，请参见 " +":meth:`str.removeprefix` 方法。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3223 +msgid "" +">>> b'Arthur: three!'.lstrip(b'Arthur: ')\n" +"b'ee!'\n" +">>> b'Arthur: three!'.removeprefix(b'Arthur: ')\n" +"b'three!'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Arthur: three!'.lstrip(b'Arthur: ')\n" +"b'ee!'\n" +">>> b'Arthur: three!'.removeprefix(b'Arthur: ')\n" +"b'three!'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3237 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the object right justified in a sequence of length *width*." +" Padding is done using the specified *fillbyte* (default is an ASCII space)." +" For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if *width* is" +" less than or equal to ``len(s)``." +msgstr "" +"返回原对象的副本，在长度为 *width* 的序列中靠右对齐。 使用指定的 *fillbyte* 填充空位（默认使用 ASCII 空格符）。 对于 " +":class:`bytes` 对象，如果 *width* 小于等于 ``len(s)`` 则返回原序列的副本。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3251 +msgid "" +"Split the binary sequence into subsequences of the same type, using *sep* as" +" the delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits are" +" done, the *rightmost* ones. If *sep* is not specified or ``None``, any " +"subsequence consisting solely of ASCII whitespace is a separator. Except for" +" splitting from the right, :meth:`rsplit` behaves like :meth:`split` which " +"is described in detail below." +msgstr "" +"将二进制序列拆分为相同类型的子序列，使用 *sep* 作为分隔符。 如果给出了 *maxsplit*，则最多进行 *maxsplit* 次拆分，从 " +"*最右边* 开始。 如果 *sep* 未指定或为 ``None``，任何只包含 ASCII 空白符的子序列都会被作为分隔符。 " +"除了从右边开始拆分，:meth:`rsplit` 的其他行为都类似于下文所述的 :meth:`split`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3262 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with specified trailing bytes removed. The " +"*chars* argument is a binary sequence specifying the set of byte values to " +"be removed - the name refers to the fact this method is usually used with " +"ASCII characters. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to " +"removing ASCII whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a suffix; rather, " +"all combinations of its values are stripped::" +msgstr "" +"返回原序列的副本，移除指定的末尾字节。 *chars* 参数为指定要移除字节值集合的二进制序列 —— 这个名称表明此方法通常是用于 ASCII 字符。 " +"如果省略或为 ``None``，则 *chars* 参数默认移除 ASCII 空白符。 *chars* " +"参数并非指定单个后缀；而是会移除参数值的所有组合::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3269 +msgid "" +">>> b' spacious '.rstrip()\n" +"b' spacious'\n" +">>> b'mississippi'.rstrip(b'ipz')\n" +"b'mississ'" +msgstr "" +">>> b' spacious '.rstrip()\n" +"b' spacious'\n" +">>> b'mississippi'.rstrip(b'ipz')\n" +"b'mississ'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3274 +msgid "" +"The binary sequence of byte values to remove may be any :term:`bytes-like " +"object`. See :meth:`~bytes.removesuffix` for a method that will remove a " +"single suffix string rather than all of a set of characters. For example::" +msgstr "" +"要移除的二进制序列可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object` 。 要删除单个后缀字符串，而不是全部给定集合中的字符，请参见 " +":meth:`str.removesuffix` 方法。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3279 +msgid "" +">>> b'Monty Python'.rstrip(b' Python')\n" +"b'M'\n" +">>> b'Monty Python'.removesuffix(b' Python')\n" +"b'Monty'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Monty Python'.rstrip(b' Python')\n" +"b'M'\n" +">>> b'Monty Python'.removesuffix(b' Python')\n" +"b'Monty'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3293 +msgid "" +"Split the binary sequence into subsequences of the same type, using *sep* as" +" the delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given and non-negative, at most " +"*maxsplit* splits are done (thus, the list will have at most ``maxsplit+1`` " +"elements). If *maxsplit* is not specified or is ``-1``, then there is no " +"limit on the number of splits (all possible splits are made)." +msgstr "" +"将二进制序列拆分为相同类型的子序列，使用 *sep* 作为分隔符。 如果给出了 *maxsplit* 且非负值，则最多进行 *maxsplit* " +"次拆分（因此，列表最多会有 ``maxsplit+1`` 个元素）。 如果 *maxsplit* 未指定或为 " +"``-1``，则不限制拆分次数（进行所有可能的拆分）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3299 +msgid "" +"If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together and are " +"deemed to delimit empty subsequences (for example, ``b'1,,2'.split(b',')`` " +"returns ``[b'1', b'', b'2']``). The *sep* argument may consist of a " +"multibyte sequence as a single delimiter. Splitting an empty sequence with a" +" specified separator returns ``[b'']`` or ``[bytearray(b'')]`` depending on " +"the type of object being split. The *sep* argument may be any :term:`bytes-" +"like object`." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *sep*，则连续的分隔符不会被组合在一起而是会被视为分隔空子序列 (例如 ``b'1,,2'.split(b',')`` 将将返回 " +"``[b'1', b'', b'2']``)。 *sep* 参数可能是由多个序列组成的单个分隔符。 使用指定的分隔符拆分一个空序列将返回 " +"``[b'']`` 或 ``[bytearray(b'')]``，具体取决于被拆分对象的类型。 *sep* 参数可以是任何 :term:`bytes-" +"like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3309 +msgid "" +">>> b'1,2,3'.split(b',')\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3']\n" +">>> b'1,2,3'.split(b',', maxsplit=1)\n" +"[b'1', b'2,3']\n" +">>> b'1,2,,3,'.split(b',')\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'', b'3', b'']\n" +">>> b'1<>2<>3<4'.split(b'<>')\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3<4']" +msgstr "" +">>> b'1,2,3'.split(b',')\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3']\n" +">>> b'1,2,3'.split(b',', maxsplit=1)\n" +"[b'1', b'2,3']\n" +">>> b'1,2,,3,'.split(b',')\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'', b'3', b'']\n" +">>> b'1<>2<>3<4'.split(b'<>')\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3<4']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3318 +msgid "" +"If *sep* is not specified or is ``None``, a different splitting algorithm is" +" applied: runs of consecutive ASCII whitespace are regarded as a single " +"separator, and the result will contain no empty strings at the start or end " +"if the sequence has leading or trailing whitespace. Consequently, splitting" +" an empty sequence or a sequence consisting solely of ASCII whitespace " +"without a specified separator returns ``[]``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *sep* 未指定或为 ``None``，则会应用另一种拆分算法：连续的 ASCII " +"空白符会被视为单个分隔符，其结果将不包含序列开头或末尾的空白符。 因此，在不指定分隔符的情况下对空序列或仅包含 ASCII 空白符的序列进行拆分将返回 " +"``[]``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3328 +msgid "" +">>> b'1 2 3'.split()\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3']\n" +">>> b'1 2 3'.split(maxsplit=1)\n" +"[b'1', b'2 3']\n" +">>> b' 1 2 3 '.split()\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3']" +msgstr "" +">>> b'1 2 3'.split()\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3']\n" +">>> b'1 2 3'.split(maxsplit=1)\n" +"[b'1', b'2 3']\n" +">>> b' 1 2 3 '.split()\n" +"[b'1', b'2', b'3']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3339 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with specified leading and trailing bytes " +"removed. The *chars* argument is a binary sequence specifying the set of " +"byte values to be removed - the name refers to the fact this method is " +"usually used with ASCII characters. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* " +"argument defaults to removing ASCII whitespace. The *chars* argument is not " +"a prefix or suffix; rather, all combinations of its values are stripped::" +msgstr "" +"返回原序列的副本，移除指定的开头和末尾字节。 *chars* 参数为指定要移除字节值集合的二进制序列 —— 这个名称表明此方法通常是用于 ASCII " +"字符。 如果省略或为 ``None``，则 *chars* 参数默认移除 ASCII 空白符。 *chars* " +"参数并非指定单个前缀或后缀；而是会移除参数值的所有组合::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3347 +msgid "" +">>> b' spacious '.strip()\n" +"b'spacious'\n" +">>> b'www.example.com'.strip(b'cmowz.')\n" +"b'example'" +msgstr "" +">>> b' spacious '.strip()\n" +"b'spacious'\n" +">>> b'www.example.com'.strip(b'cmowz.')\n" +"b'example'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3352 +msgid "" +"The binary sequence of byte values to remove may be any :term:`bytes-like " +"object`." +msgstr "要移除的字节值二进制序列可以是任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3361 +msgid "" +"The following methods on bytes and bytearray objects assume the use of ASCII" +" compatible binary formats and should not be applied to arbitrary binary " +"data. Note that all of the bytearray methods in this section do *not* " +"operate in place, and instead produce new objects." +msgstr "" +"以下 bytes 和 bytearray 对象的方法会假定使用兼容 ASCII 的二进制格式，不应当被应用于任意二进制数据。 请注意本小节中所有的 " +"bytearray 方法都 *不是* 原地执行操作，而是会产生新的对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3369 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with each byte interpreted as an ASCII " +"character, and the first byte capitalized and the rest lowercased. Non-ASCII" +" byte values are passed through unchanged." +msgstr "" +"返回原序列的副本，其中每个字节将都将被解读为一个 ASCII 字符，并且第一个字节的字符大写而其余的小写。 非 ASCII 字节值将保持原样不变。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3382 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence where all ASCII tab characters are replaced by" +" one or more ASCII spaces, depending on the current column and the given tab" +" size. Tab positions occur every *tabsize* bytes (default is 8, giving tab " +"positions at columns 0, 8, 16 and so on). To expand the sequence, the " +"current column is set to zero and the sequence is examined byte by byte. If" +" the byte is an ASCII tab character (``b'\\t'``), one or more space " +"characters are inserted in the result until the current column is equal to " +"the next tab position. (The tab character itself is not copied.) If the " +"current byte is an ASCII newline (``b'\\n'``) or carriage return " +"(``b'\\r'``), it is copied and the current column is reset to zero. Any " +"other byte value is copied unchanged and the current column is incremented " +"by one regardless of how the byte value is represented when printed::" +msgstr "" +"返回序列的副本，其中所有的 ASCII 制表符会由一个或多个 ASCII 空格替换，具体取决于当前列位置和给定的制表符宽度。 每 *tabsize* " +"个字节设为一个制表位（默认值 8 时设定的制表位在列 0, 8, 16 依次类推）。 要展开序列，当前列位置将被设为零并逐一检查序列中的每个字节。 " +"如果字节为 ASCII 制表符 (``b'\\t'``)，则并在结果中插入一个或多个空格符，直到当前列等于下一个制表位。 （制表符本身不会被复制。） " +"如果当前字节为 ASCII 换行符 (``b'\\n'``) 或回车符 (``b'\\r'``)，它会被复制并将当前列重设为零。 " +"任何其他字节会被不加修改地复制并将当前列加一，不论该字节值在被打印时会如何显示::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3396 +msgid "" +">>> b'01\\t012\\t0123\\t01234'.expandtabs()\n" +"b'01 012 0123 01234'\n" +">>> b'01\\t012\\t0123\\t01234'.expandtabs(4)\n" +"b'01 012 0123 01234'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'01\\t012\\t0123\\t01234'.expandtabs()\n" +"b'01 012 0123 01234'\n" +">>> b'01\\t012\\t0123\\t01234'.expandtabs(4)\n" +"b'01 012 0123 01234'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3410 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all bytes in the sequence are alphabetical ASCII " +"characters or ASCII decimal digits and the sequence is not empty, ``False`` " +"otherwise. Alphabetic ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence" +" ``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``. ASCII decimal " +"digits are those byte values in the sequence ``b'0123456789'``." +msgstr "" +"如果序列中所有字节都是字母类 ASCII 字符或 ASCII 十进制数码并且序列非空则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 字母类" +" ASCII 字符就是字节值包含在序列 " +"``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`` 中的字符。 ASCII " +"十进制数码就是字节值包含在序列 ``b'0123456789'`` 中的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3418 +msgid "" +">>> b'ABCabc1'.isalnum()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'ABC abc1'.isalnum()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> b'ABCabc1'.isalnum()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'ABC abc1'.isalnum()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3427 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all bytes in the sequence are alphabetic ASCII characters" +" and the sequence is not empty, ``False`` otherwise. Alphabetic ASCII " +"characters are those byte values in the sequence " +"``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``." +msgstr "" +"如果序列中所有字节都是字母类 ASCII 字符并且序列不非空则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 字母类 ASCII " +"字符就是字节值包含在序列 ``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`` " +"中的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3434 +msgid "" +">>> b'ABCabc'.isalpha()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'ABCabc1'.isalpha()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> b'ABCabc'.isalpha()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'ABCabc1'.isalpha()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3443 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the sequence is empty or all bytes in the sequence are " +"ASCII, ``False`` otherwise. ASCII bytes are in the range 0-0x7F." +msgstr "" +"如果序列为空或序列中所有字节都是 ASCII 字节则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 ASCII 字节的取值范围是 " +"0-0x7F。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3453 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all bytes in the sequence are ASCII decimal digits and " +"the sequence is not empty, ``False`` otherwise. ASCII decimal digits are " +"those byte values in the sequence ``b'0123456789'``." +msgstr "" +"如果序列中所有字节都是 ASCII 十进制数码并且序列非空则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 ASCII " +"十进制数码就是字节值包含在序列 ``b'0123456789'`` 中的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3459 +msgid "" +">>> b'1234'.isdigit()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'1.23'.isdigit()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> b'1234'.isdigit()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'1.23'.isdigit()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3468 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if there is at least one lowercase ASCII character in the " +"sequence and no uppercase ASCII characters, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果序列中至少有一个小写的 ASCII 字符并且没有大写的 ASCII 字符则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3473 +msgid "" +">>> b'hello world'.islower()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'Hello world'.islower()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> b'hello world'.islower()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'Hello world'.islower()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3478 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3520 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3536 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3586 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3655 +msgid "" +"Lowercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence " +"``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. Uppercase ASCII characters are those byte" +" values in the sequence ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``." +msgstr "" +"小写 ASCII 字符就是字节值包含在序列 ``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'`` 中的字符。 大写 ASCII " +"字符就是字节值包含在序列 ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`` 中的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3486 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all bytes in the sequence are ASCII whitespace and the " +"sequence is not empty, ``False`` otherwise. ASCII whitespace characters are" +" those byte values in the sequence ``b' \\t\\n\\r\\x0b\\f'`` (space, tab, " +"newline, carriage return, vertical tab, form feed)." +msgstr "" +"如果序列中所有字节都是 ASCII 空白符并且序列非空则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 ASCII " +"空白符就是字节值包含在序列 ``b' \\t\\n\\r\\x0b\\f'`` (空格, 制表, 换行, 回车, 垂直制表, 进纸) 中的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3495 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the sequence is ASCII titlecase and the sequence is not " +"empty, ``False`` otherwise. See :meth:`bytes.title` for more details on the " +"definition of \"titlecase\"." +msgstr "" +"如果序列为 ASCII 标题大小写形式并且序列非空则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。 请参阅 " +":meth:`bytes.title` 了解有关“标题大小写”的详细定义。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3501 +msgid "" +">>> b'Hello World'.istitle()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'Hello world'.istitle()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Hello World'.istitle()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'Hello world'.istitle()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3510 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if there is at least one uppercase alphabetic ASCII " +"character in the sequence and no lowercase ASCII characters, ``False`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "如果序列中至少有一个大写字母 ASCII 字符并且没有小写 ASCII 字符则返回 ``True`` ，否则返回 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3515 +msgid "" +">>> b'HELLO WORLD'.isupper()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'Hello world'.isupper()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> b'HELLO WORLD'.isupper()\n" +"True\n" +">>> b'Hello world'.isupper()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3528 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with all the uppercase ASCII characters " +"converted to their corresponding lowercase counterpart." +msgstr "返回原序列的副本，其所有大写 ASCII 字符均转换为对应的小写形式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3533 +msgid "" +">>> b'Hello World'.lower()\n" +"b'hello world'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Hello World'.lower()\n" +"b'hello world'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3553 +msgid "" +"Return a list of the lines in the binary sequence, breaking at ASCII line " +"boundaries. This method uses the :term:`universal newlines` approach to " +"splitting lines. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless " +"*keepends* is given and true." +msgstr "" +"返回由原二进制序列中各行组成的列表，在 ASCII 行边界符的位置拆分。 此方法使用 :term:`universal newlines` 方式来分行。" +" 结果列表中不包含换行符，除非给出了 *keepends* 且为真值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3560 +msgid "" +">>> b'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines()\n" +"[b'ab c', b'', b'de fg', b'kl']\n" +">>> b'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines(keepends=True)\n" +"[b'ab c\\n', b'\\n', b'de fg\\r', b'kl\\r\\n']" +msgstr "" +">>> b'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines()\n" +"[b'ab c', b'', b'de fg', b'kl']\n" +">>> b'ab c\\n\\nde fg\\rkl\\r\\n'.splitlines(keepends=True)\n" +"[b'ab c\\n', b'\\n', b'de fg\\r', b'kl\\r\\n']" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3565 +msgid "" +"Unlike :meth:`~bytes.split` when a delimiter string *sep* is given, this " +"method returns an empty list for the empty string, and a terminal line break" +" does not result in an extra line::" +msgstr "" +"不同于 :meth:`~bytes.split`，当给出了分隔符 *sep* " +"时，对于空字符串此方法将返回一个空列表，而末尾的换行不会令结果中增加额外的行::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3569 +msgid "" +">>> b\"\".split(b'\\n'), b\"Two lines\\n\".split(b'\\n')\n" +"([b''], [b'Two lines', b''])\n" +">>> b\"\".splitlines(), b\"One line\\n\".splitlines()\n" +"([], [b'One line'])" +msgstr "" +">>> b\"\".split(b'\\n'), b\"Two lines\\n\".split(b'\\n')\n" +"([b''], [b'Two lines', b''])\n" +">>> b\"\".splitlines(), b\"One line\\n\".splitlines()\n" +"([], [b'One line'])" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3578 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with all the lowercase ASCII characters " +"converted to their corresponding uppercase counterpart and vice-versa." +msgstr "返回原序列的副本，其所有小写 ASCII 字符均转换为对应的大写形式，反之亦反。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3583 +msgid "" +">>> b'Hello World'.swapcase()\n" +"b'hELLO wORLD'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Hello World'.swapcase()\n" +"b'hELLO wORLD'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3590 +msgid "" +"Unlike :func:`str.swapcase`, it is always the case that " +"``bin.swapcase().swapcase() == bin`` for the binary versions. Case " +"conversions are symmetrical in ASCII, even though that is not generally true" +" for arbitrary Unicode code points." +msgstr "" +"不同于 :func:`str.swapcase`，在二进制版本下 ``bin.swapcase().swapcase() == bin`` 始终成立。 " +"大小写转换在 ASCII 中是对称的，即使其对于任意 Unicode 码位来说并不总是成立。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3604 +msgid "" +"Return a titlecased version of the binary sequence where words start with an" +" uppercase ASCII character and the remaining characters are lowercase. " +"Uncased byte values are left unmodified." +msgstr "返回原二进制序列的标题版本，其中每个单词以一个大写 ASCII 字符为开头，其余字母为小写。 不区别大小写的字节值将保持原样不变。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3610 +msgid "" +">>> b'Hello world'.title()\n" +"b'Hello World'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Hello world'.title()\n" +"b'Hello World'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3613 +msgid "" +"Lowercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence " +"``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. Uppercase ASCII characters are those byte" +" values in the sequence ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``. All other byte " +"values are uncased." +msgstr "" +"小写 ASCII 字符就是字节值包含在序列 ``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'`` 中的字符。 大写 ASCII " +"字符就是字节值包含在序列 ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`` 中的字符。 所有其他字节值都不区分大小写。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3623 +msgid "" +">>> b\"they're bill's friends from the UK\".title()\n" +"b\"They'Re Bill'S Friends From The Uk\"" +msgstr "" +">>> b\"they're bill's friends from the UK\".title()\n" +"b\"They'Re Bill'S Friends From The Uk\"" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3626 +msgid "" +"A workaround for apostrophes can be constructed using regular expressions::" +msgstr "可以使用正则表达式来构建针对撇号的特别处理::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3628 +msgid "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> def titlecase(s):\n" +"... return re.sub(rb\"[A-Za-z]+('[A-Za-z]+)?\",\n" +"... lambda mo: mo.group(0)[0:1].upper() +\n" +"... mo.group(0)[1:].lower(),\n" +"... s)\n" +"...\n" +">>> titlecase(b\"they're bill's friends.\")\n" +"b\"They're Bill's Friends.\"" +msgstr "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> def titlecase(s):\n" +"... return re.sub(rb\"[A-Za-z]+('[A-Za-z]+)?\",\n" +"... lambda mo: mo.group(0)[0:1].upper() +\n" +"... mo.group(0)[1:].lower(),\n" +"... s)\n" +"...\n" +">>> titlecase(b\"they're bill's friends.\")\n" +"b\"They're Bill's Friends.\"" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3647 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence with all the lowercase ASCII characters " +"converted to their corresponding uppercase counterpart." +msgstr "返回原序列的副本，其所有小写 ASCII 字符均转换为对应的大写形式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3652 +msgid "" +">>> b'Hello World'.upper()\n" +"b'HELLO WORLD'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Hello World'.upper()\n" +"b'HELLO WORLD'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3668 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the sequence left filled with ASCII ``b'0'`` digits to make" +" a sequence of length *width*. A leading sign prefix (``b'+'``/ ``b'-'``) is" +" handled by inserting the padding *after* the sign character rather than " +"before. For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if " +"*width* is less than or equal to ``len(seq)``." +msgstr "" +"返回原序列的副本，在左边填充 ``b'0'`` 数码使序列长度为 *width*。 正负值前缀 (``b'+'``/ ``b'-'``) " +"的处理方式是在正负符号 *之后* 填充而非在之前。 对于 :class:`bytes` 对象，如果 *width* 小于等于 ``len(seq)`` " +"则返回原序列。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3676 +msgid "" +">>> b\"42\".zfill(5)\n" +"b'00042'\n" +">>> b\"-42\".zfill(5)\n" +"b'-0042'" +msgstr "" +">>> b\"42\".zfill(5)\n" +"b'00042'\n" +">>> b\"-42\".zfill(5)\n" +"b'-0042'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3690 +msgid "``printf``-style Bytes Formatting" +msgstr "``printf`` 风格的字节串格式化" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3707 +msgid "" +"The formatting operations described here exhibit a variety of quirks that " +"lead to a number of common errors (such as failing to display tuples and " +"dictionaries correctly). If the value being printed may be a tuple or " +"dictionary, wrap it in a tuple." +msgstr "" +"此处介绍的格式化操作具有多种怪异特性，可能导致许多常见错误（例如无法正确显示元组和字典）。 如果要打印的值可能为元组或字典，请将其放入一个元组中。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3712 +msgid "" +"Bytes objects (``bytes``/``bytearray``) have one unique built-in operation: " +"the ``%`` operator (modulo). This is also known as the bytes *formatting* or" +" *interpolation* operator. Given ``format % values`` (where *format* is a " +"bytes object), ``%`` conversion specifications in *format* are replaced with" +" zero or more elements of *values*. The effect is similar to using the " +":c:func:`sprintf` in the C language." +msgstr "" +"字节串对象 (``bytes``/``bytearray``) 具有一种特殊的内置操作：使用 ``%`` (取模) 运算符。 这也被称为字节串的 " +"*格式化* 或 *插值* 运算符。 对于 ``format % values`` (其中 *format* 为一个字节串对象)，在 *format* " +"中的 ``%`` 转换标记符将被替换为零个或多个 *values* 条目。 其效果类似于在 C 语言中使用 :c:func:`sprintf`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3719 +msgid "" +"If *format* requires a single argument, *values* may be a single non-tuple " +"object. [5]_ Otherwise, *values* must be a tuple with exactly the number of" +" items specified by the format bytes object, or a single mapping object (for" +" example, a dictionary)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *format* 要求一个单独参数，则 *values* 可以为一个非元组对象。 [5]_ 否则的话，*values* " +"必须或是是一个包含项数与格式字节串对象中指定的转换符项数相同的元组，或者是一个单独的映射对象（例如元组）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3753 +msgid "" +"When the right argument is a dictionary (or other mapping type), then the " +"formats in the bytes object *must* include a parenthesised mapping key into " +"that dictionary inserted immediately after the ``'%'`` character. The " +"mapping key selects the value to be formatted from the mapping. For " +"example:" +msgstr "" +"当右边的参数为一个字典（或其他映射类型）时，字节串对象中的格式 *必须* 包含加圆括号的映射键，对应 ``'%'`` 字符之后字典中的每一项。 " +"映射键将从映射中选取要格式化的值。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3827 +msgid "Single byte (accepts integer or single byte objects)." +msgstr "单个字节（接受整数或单个字节对象）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3830 +msgid "``'b'``" +msgstr "``'b'``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3830 +msgid "" +"Bytes (any object that follows the :ref:`buffer protocol ` or" +" has :meth:`~object.__bytes__`)." +msgstr "" +"字节串（任何遵循 :ref:`缓冲区协议 ` 或是具有 :meth:`~object.__bytes__` 的对象）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3834 +msgid "" +"``'s'`` is an alias for ``'b'`` and should only be used for Python2/3 code " +"bases." +msgstr "``'s'`` 是 ``'b'`` 的一个别名，只应当在基于 Python2/3 的代码中使用。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3837 +msgid "" +"Bytes (converts any Python object using ``repr(obj).encode('ascii', " +"'backslashreplace')``)." +msgstr "" +"字节串（使用 ``repr(obj).encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')`` 来转换任意 Python 对象）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3840 +msgid "" +"``'r'`` is an alias for ``'a'`` and should only be used for Python2/3 code " +"bases." +msgstr "``'r'`` 是 ``'a'`` 的一个别名，只应当在基于 Python2/3 的代码中使用。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3840 +msgid "\\(7)" +msgstr "\\(7)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3875 +msgid "" +"``b'%s'`` is deprecated, but will not be removed during the 3.x series." +msgstr "``b'%s'`` 已弃用，但在 3.x 系列中将不会被移除。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3878 +msgid "" +"``b'%r'`` is deprecated, but will not be removed during the 3.x series." +msgstr "``b'%r'`` 已弃用，但在 3.x 系列中将不会被移除。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3890 +msgid ":pep:`461` - Adding % formatting to bytes and bytearray" +msgstr ":pep:`461` - 为 bytes 和 bytearray 添加 % 格式化" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3897 +msgid "Memory Views" +msgstr "内存视图" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3899 +msgid "" +":class:`memoryview` objects allow Python code to access the internal data of" +" an object that supports the :ref:`buffer protocol ` without " +"copying." +msgstr "" +":class:`memoryview` 对象允许 Python 代码访问一个对象的内部数据，只要该对象支持 :ref:`缓冲区协议 " +"` 而无需进行拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3905 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`memoryview` that references *object*. *object* must " +"support the buffer protocol. Built-in objects that support the buffer " +"protocol include :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`." +msgstr "" +"创建一个引用 *object* 的 :class:`memoryview` 。 *object* 必须支持缓冲区协议。支持缓冲区协议的内置对象有 " +":class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3909 +msgid "" +"A :class:`memoryview` has the notion of an *element*, which is the atomic " +"memory unit handled by the originating *object*. For many simple types such" +" as :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`, an element is a single byte, but " +"other types such as :class:`array.array` may have bigger elements." +msgstr "" +":class:`memoryview` 有 **元素** 的概念， **元素** 指由原始 *object* 处理的原子内存单元。对于许多简单的类型，如" +" :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` ，一个元素是一个字节，但其他类型，如 :class:`array.array`" +" 可能有更大的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3914 +msgid "" +"``len(view)`` is equal to the length of :class:`~memoryview.tolist`, which " +"is the nested list representation of the view. If ``view.ndim = 1``, this is" +" equal to the number of elements in the view." +msgstr "" +"``len(view)`` 等于 :class:`~memoryview.tolist` 的长度，即视图的嵌套列表表示形式。 如果 " +"``view.ndim = 1``，它将等于视图中元素的数量。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3918 +msgid "" +"If ``view.ndim == 0``, ``len(view)`` now raises :exc:`TypeError` instead of " +"returning 1." +msgstr "如果 ``view.ndim == 0``，现在 ``len(view)`` 将引发 :exc:`TypeError` 而不是返回 1." + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3921 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~memoryview.itemsize` attribute will give you the number of " +"bytes in a single element." +msgstr ":class:`~memoryview.itemsize` 属性将给出单个元素的字节数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3924 +msgid "" +"A :class:`memoryview` supports slicing and indexing to expose its data. One-" +"dimensional slicing will result in a subview::" +msgstr ":class:`memoryview` 支持通过切片和索引访问其元素。 一维切片的结果将是一个子视图::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3927 +msgid "" +">>> v = memoryview(b'abcefg')\n" +">>> v[1]\n" +"98\n" +">>> v[-1]\n" +"103\n" +">>> v[1:4]\n" +"\n" +">>> bytes(v[1:4])\n" +"b'bce'" +msgstr "" +">>> v = memoryview(b'abcefg')\n" +">>> v[1]\n" +"98\n" +">>> v[-1]\n" +"103\n" +">>> v[1:4]\n" +"\n" +">>> bytes(v[1:4])\n" +"b'bce'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3937 +msgid "" +"If :class:`~memoryview.format` is one of the native format specifiers from " +"the :mod:`struct` module, indexing with an integer or a tuple of integers is" +" also supported and returns a single *element* with the correct type. One-" +"dimensional memoryviews can be indexed with an integer or a one-integer " +"tuple. Multi-dimensional memoryviews can be indexed with tuples of exactly " +"*ndim* integers where *ndim* is the number of dimensions. Zero-dimensional " +"memoryviews can be indexed with the empty tuple." +msgstr "" +"如果 :class:`~memoryview.format` 是一个来自于 :mod:`struct` " +"模块的原生格式说明符，则也支持使用整数或由整数构成的元组进行索引，并返回具有正确类型的单个 *元素*。 " +"一维内存视图可以使用一个整数或由一个整数构成的元组进行索引。 多维内存视图可以使用由恰好 *ndim* 个整数构成的元素进行索引，*ndim* " +"即其维度。 零维内存视图可以使用空元组进行索引。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3946 +msgid "Here is an example with a non-byte format::" +msgstr "这里是一个使用非字节格式的例子::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3948 +msgid "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('l', [-11111111, 22222222, -33333333, 44444444])\n" +">>> m = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"-11111111\n" +">>> m[-1]\n" +"44444444\n" +">>> m[::2].tolist()\n" +"[-11111111, -33333333]" +msgstr "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('l', [-11111111, 22222222, -33333333, 44444444])\n" +">>> m = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"-11111111\n" +">>> m[-1]\n" +"44444444\n" +">>> m[::2].tolist()\n" +"[-11111111, -33333333]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3958 +msgid "" +"If the underlying object is writable, the memoryview supports one-" +"dimensional slice assignment. Resizing is not allowed::" +msgstr "如果下层对象是可写的，则内存视图支持一维切片赋值。 改变大小则不被允许::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3961 +msgid "" +">>> data = bytearray(b'abcefg')\n" +">>> v = memoryview(data)\n" +">>> v.readonly\n" +"False\n" +">>> v[0] = ord(b'z')\n" +">>> data\n" +"bytearray(b'zbcefg')\n" +">>> v[1:4] = b'123'\n" +">>> data\n" +"bytearray(b'z123fg')\n" +">>> v[2:3] = b'spam'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: memoryview assignment: lvalue and rvalue have different structures\n" +">>> v[2:6] = b'spam'\n" +">>> data\n" +"bytearray(b'z1spam')" +msgstr "" +">>> data = bytearray(b'abcefg')\n" +">>> v = memoryview(data)\n" +">>> v.readonly\n" +"False\n" +">>> v[0] = ord(b'z')\n" +">>> data\n" +"bytearray(b'zbcefg')\n" +">>> v[1:4] = b'123'\n" +">>> data\n" +"bytearray(b'z123fg')\n" +">>> v[2:3] = b'spam'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: memoryview assignment: lvalue and rvalue have different structures\n" +">>> v[2:6] = b'spam'\n" +">>> data\n" +"bytearray(b'z1spam')" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3979 +msgid "" +"One-dimensional memoryviews of :term:`hashable` (read-only) types with " +"formats 'B', 'b' or 'c' are also hashable. The hash is defined as ``hash(m) " +"== hash(m.tobytes())``::" +msgstr "" +"格式符为 'B', 'b' 或 'c' 的 :term:`hashable` (只读) 类型的一维内存视图也是可哈希对象。 哈希被定义为 " +"``hash(m) == hash(m.tobytes())``::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3983 +msgid "" +">>> v = memoryview(b'abcefg')\n" +">>> hash(v) == hash(b'abcefg')\n" +"True\n" +">>> hash(v[2:4]) == hash(b'ce')\n" +"True\n" +">>> hash(v[::-2]) == hash(b'abcefg'[::-2])\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> v = memoryview(b'abcefg')\n" +">>> hash(v) == hash(b'abcefg')\n" +"True\n" +">>> hash(v[2:4]) == hash(b'ce')\n" +"True\n" +">>> hash(v[::-2]) == hash(b'abcefg'[::-2])\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3991 +msgid "" +"One-dimensional memoryviews can now be sliced. One-dimensional memoryviews " +"with formats 'B', 'b' or 'c' are now :term:`hashable`." +msgstr "一维内存视图现在可以被切片。 格式符为 'B', 'b' 或 'c' 的一维内存视图现在是 :term:`hashable`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3995 +msgid "" +"memoryview is now registered automatically with " +":class:`collections.abc.Sequence`" +msgstr "内存视图现在会自动注册为 :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3999 +msgid "memoryviews can now be indexed with tuple of integers." +msgstr "内存视图现在可使用整数元组进行索引。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4002 +msgid ":class:`memoryview` has several methods:" +msgstr ":class:`memoryview` 具有以下一些方法：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4006 +msgid "" +"A memoryview and a :pep:`3118` exporter are equal if their shapes are " +"equivalent and if all corresponding values are equal when the operands' " +"respective format codes are interpreted using :mod:`struct` syntax." +msgstr "" +"memoryview 与 :pep:`3118` 中的导出器这两者如果形状相同，并且如果当使用 :mod:`struct` " +"语法解读操作数的相应格式代码时所有对应值都相同，则它们就是等价的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4010 +msgid "" +"For the subset of :mod:`struct` format strings currently supported by " +":meth:`tolist`, ``v`` and ``w`` are equal if ``v.tolist() == w.tolist()``::" +msgstr "" +"对于 :meth:`tolist` 当前所支持的 :mod:`struct` 格式字符串子集，如果 ``v.tolist() == " +"w.tolist()`` 则 ``v`` 和 ``w`` 相等::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4013 +msgid "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('I', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])\n" +">>> b = array.array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n" +">>> c = array.array('b', [5, 3, 1])\n" +">>> x = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> y = memoryview(b)\n" +">>> x == a == y == b\n" +"True\n" +">>> x.tolist() == a.tolist() == y.tolist() == b.tolist()\n" +"True\n" +">>> z = y[::-2]\n" +">>> z == c\n" +"True\n" +">>> z.tolist() == c.tolist()\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('I', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])\n" +">>> b = array.array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])\n" +">>> c = array.array('b', [5, 3, 1])\n" +">>> x = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> y = memoryview(b)\n" +">>> x == a == y == b\n" +"True\n" +">>> x.tolist() == a.tolist() == y.tolist() == b.tolist()\n" +"True\n" +">>> z = y[::-2]\n" +">>> z == c\n" +"True\n" +">>> z.tolist() == c.tolist()\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4029 +msgid "" +"If either format string is not supported by the :mod:`struct` module, then " +"the objects will always compare as unequal (even if the format strings and " +"buffer contents are identical)::" +msgstr "如果两边的格式字符串都不被 :mod:`struct` 模块所支持，则两对象比较结果总是不相等（即使格式字符串和缓冲区内容相同）::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4033 +msgid "" +">>> from ctypes import BigEndianStructure, c_long\n" +">>> class BEPoint(BigEndianStructure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"x\", c_long), (\"y\", c_long)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> point = BEPoint(100, 200)\n" +">>> a = memoryview(point)\n" +">>> b = memoryview(point)\n" +">>> a == point\n" +"False\n" +">>> a == b\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> from ctypes import BigEndianStructure, c_long\n" +">>> class BEPoint(BigEndianStructure):\n" +"... _fields_ = [(\"x\", c_long), (\"y\", c_long)]\n" +"...\n" +">>> point = BEPoint(100, 200)\n" +">>> a = memoryview(point)\n" +">>> b = memoryview(point)\n" +">>> a == point\n" +"False\n" +">>> a == b\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4045 +msgid "" +"Note that, as with floating-point numbers, ``v is w`` does *not* imply ``v " +"== w`` for memoryview objects." +msgstr "请注意，与浮点数的情况一样，对于内存视图对象来说，``v is w`` 也 *并不* 意味着 ``v == w``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4048 +msgid "" +"Previous versions compared the raw memory disregarding the item format and " +"the logical array structure." +msgstr "之前的版本比较原始内存时会忽略条目的格式与逻辑数组结构。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4054 +msgid "" +"Return the data in the buffer as a bytestring. This is equivalent to " +"calling the :class:`bytes` constructor on the memoryview. ::" +msgstr "将缓冲区中的数据作为字节串返回。 这相当于在内存视图上调用 :class:`bytes` 构造器。 ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4057 +msgid "" +">>> m = memoryview(b\"abc\")\n" +">>> m.tobytes()\n" +"b'abc'\n" +">>> bytes(m)\n" +"b'abc'" +msgstr "" +">>> m = memoryview(b\"abc\")\n" +">>> m.tobytes()\n" +"b'abc'\n" +">>> bytes(m)\n" +"b'abc'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4063 +msgid "" +"For non-contiguous arrays the result is equal to the flattened list " +"representation with all elements converted to bytes. :meth:`tobytes` " +"supports all format strings, including those that are not in :mod:`struct` " +"module syntax." +msgstr "" +"对于非连续数组，结果等于平面化表示的列表，其中所有元素都转换为字节串。 :meth:`tobytes` 支持所有格式字符串，不符合 " +":mod:`struct` 模块语法的那些也包括在内。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4068 +msgid "" +"*order* can be {'C', 'F', 'A'}. When *order* is 'C' or 'F', the data of the" +" original array is converted to C or Fortran order. For contiguous views, " +"'A' returns an exact copy of the physical memory. In particular, in-memory " +"Fortran order is preserved. For non-contiguous views, the data is converted " +"to C first. *order=None* is the same as *order='C'*." +msgstr "" +"*order* 可以为 {'C', 'F', 'A'}。 当 *order* 为 'C' 或 'F' 时，原始数组的数据会被转换至 C 或 " +"Fortran 顺序。 对于连续视图，'A' 会返回物理内存的精确副本。 特别地，内存中的 Fortran " +"顺序会被保留。对于非连续视图，数据会先被转换为 C 形式。 *order=None* 与 *order='C'* 是相同的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4077 +msgid "" +"Return a string object containing two hexadecimal digits for each byte in " +"the buffer. ::" +msgstr "返回一个字符串对象，其中分别以两个十六进制数码表示缓冲区里的每个字节。 ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4080 +msgid "" +">>> m = memoryview(b\"abc\")\n" +">>> m.hex()\n" +"'616263'" +msgstr "" +">>> m = memoryview(b\"abc\")\n" +">>> m.hex()\n" +"'616263'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4086 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`bytes.hex`, :meth:`memoryview.hex` now supports optional " +"*sep* and *bytes_per_sep* parameters to insert separators between bytes in " +"the hex output." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`bytes.hex` 相似， :meth:`memoryview.hex` 现在支持可选的 *sep* 和 " +"*bytes_per_sep* 参数以在十六进制输出的字节之间插入分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4093 +msgid "Return the data in the buffer as a list of elements. ::" +msgstr "将缓冲区内的数据以一个元素列表的形式返回。 ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4095 +msgid "" +">>> memoryview(b'abc').tolist()\n" +"[97, 98, 99]\n" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('d', [1.1, 2.2, 3.3])\n" +">>> m = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> m.tolist()\n" +"[1.1, 2.2, 3.3]" +msgstr "" +">>> memoryview(b'abc').tolist()\n" +"[97, 98, 99]\n" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('d', [1.1, 2.2, 3.3])\n" +">>> m = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> m.tolist()\n" +"[1.1, 2.2, 3.3]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4103 +msgid "" +":meth:`tolist` now supports all single character native formats in " +":mod:`struct` module syntax as well as multi-dimensional representations." +msgstr ":meth:`tolist` 现在支持 :mod:`struct` 模块语法中的所有单字符原生格式以及多维表示形式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4110 +msgid "" +"Return a readonly version of the memoryview object. The original memoryview" +" object is unchanged. ::" +msgstr "返回 memoryview 对象的只读版本。 原始的 memoryview 对象不会被改变。 ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4113 +msgid "" +">>> m = memoryview(bytearray(b'abc'))\n" +">>> mm = m.toreadonly()\n" +">>> mm.tolist()\n" +"[97, 98, 99]\n" +">>> mm[0] = 42\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: cannot modify read-only memory\n" +">>> m[0] = 43\n" +">>> mm.tolist()\n" +"[43, 98, 99]" +msgstr "" +">>> m = memoryview(bytearray(b'abc'))\n" +">>> mm = m.toreadonly()\n" +">>> mm.tolist()\n" +"[97, 98, 99]\n" +">>> mm[0] = 42\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: cannot modify read-only memory\n" +">>> m[0] = 43\n" +">>> mm.tolist()\n" +"[43, 98, 99]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4129 +msgid "" +"Release the underlying buffer exposed by the memoryview object. Many " +"objects take special actions when a view is held on them (for example, a " +":class:`bytearray` would temporarily forbid resizing); therefore, calling " +"release() is handy to remove these restrictions (and free any dangling " +"resources) as soon as possible." +msgstr "" +"释放由内存视图对象所公开的底层缓冲区。 许多对象在被视图所获取时都会采取特殊动作（例如，:class:`bytearray` " +"将会暂时禁止调整大小）；因此，调用 release() 可以方便地尽早去除这些限制（并释放任何多余的资源）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4135 +msgid "" +"After this method has been called, any further operation on the view raises " +"a :class:`ValueError` (except :meth:`release` itself which can be called " +"multiple times)::" +msgstr "" +"在此方法被调用后，任何对该视图的进一步操作都将引发 :class:`ValueError` (除了可被多次调用的 :meth:`release` " +"本身)::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4139 +msgid "" +">>> m = memoryview(b'abc')\n" +">>> m.release()\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: operation forbidden on released memoryview object" +msgstr "" +">>> m = memoryview(b'abc')\n" +">>> m.release()\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: operation forbidden on released memoryview object" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4146 +msgid "" +"The context management protocol can be used for a similar effect, using the " +"``with`` statement::" +msgstr "使用 ``with`` 语句，可以通过上下文管理协议达到类似的效果::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4149 +msgid "" +">>> with memoryview(b'abc') as m:\n" +"... m[0]\n" +"...\n" +"97\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: operation forbidden on released memoryview object" +msgstr "" +">>> with memoryview(b'abc') as m:\n" +"... m[0]\n" +"...\n" +"97\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: operation forbidden on released memoryview object" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4162 +msgid "" +"Cast a memoryview to a new format or shape. *shape* defaults to " +"``[byte_length//new_itemsize]``, which means that the result view will be " +"one-dimensional. The return value is a new memoryview, but the buffer itself" +" is not copied. Supported casts are 1D -> C-:term:`contiguous` and " +"C-contiguous -> 1D." +msgstr "" +"将内存视图转化为新的格式或形状。 *shape* 默认为 ``[byte_length//new_itemsize]``，这意味着结果视图将是一维的。 " +"返回值是一个新的内存视图，但缓冲区本身不会被复制。 支持的转化有 1D -> C-:term:`contiguous` 和 C-contiguous " +"-> 1D。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4168 +msgid "" +"The destination format is restricted to a single element native format in " +":mod:`struct` syntax. One of the formats must be a byte format ('B', 'b' or " +"'c'). The byte length of the result must be the same as the original length." +" Note that all byte lengths may depend on the operating system." +msgstr "" +"目标格式被限制为 :mod:`struct` 语法中的单一元素的原生格式。 这些格式中的一种必须为字节格式 ('B', 'b' 或 'c')。 " +"结果的字节长度必须与原始长度相同。 请注意全部字节长度可能取决于具体操作系统。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4174 +msgid "Cast 1D/long to 1D/unsigned bytes::" +msgstr "将 1D/long 转换为 1D/unsigned bytes::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4176 +msgid "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('l', [1,2,3])\n" +">>> x = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> x.format\n" +"'l'\n" +">>> x.itemsize\n" +"8\n" +">>> len(x)\n" +"3\n" +">>> x.nbytes\n" +"24\n" +">>> y = x.cast('B')\n" +">>> y.format\n" +"'B'\n" +">>> y.itemsize\n" +"1\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"24\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"24" +msgstr "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('l', [1,2,3])\n" +">>> x = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> x.format\n" +"'l'\n" +">>> x.itemsize\n" +"8\n" +">>> len(x)\n" +"3\n" +">>> x.nbytes\n" +"24\n" +">>> y = x.cast('B')\n" +">>> y.format\n" +"'B'\n" +">>> y.itemsize\n" +"1\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"24\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"24" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4197 +msgid "Cast 1D/unsigned bytes to 1D/char::" +msgstr "将 1D/unsigned bytes 转换为 1D/char::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4199 +msgid "" +">>> b = bytearray(b'zyz')\n" +">>> x = memoryview(b)\n" +">>> x[0] = b'a'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: memoryview: invalid type for format 'B'\n" +">>> y = x.cast('c')\n" +">>> y[0] = b'a'\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'ayz')" +msgstr "" +">>> b = bytearray(b'zyz')\n" +">>> x = memoryview(b)\n" +">>> x[0] = b'a'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: memoryview: invalid type for format 'B'\n" +">>> y = x.cast('c')\n" +">>> y[0] = b'a'\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'ayz')" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4210 +msgid "Cast 1D/bytes to 3D/ints to 1D/signed char::" +msgstr "将 1D/bytes 转换为 3D/ints 再转换为 1D/signed char::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4212 +msgid "" +">>> import struct\n" +">>> buf = struct.pack(\"i\"*12, *list(range(12)))\n" +">>> x = memoryview(buf)\n" +">>> y = x.cast('i', shape=[2,2,3])\n" +">>> y.tolist()\n" +"[[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]], [[6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11]]]\n" +">>> y.format\n" +"'i'\n" +">>> y.itemsize\n" +"4\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"2\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"48\n" +">>> z = y.cast('b')\n" +">>> z.format\n" +"'b'\n" +">>> z.itemsize\n" +"1\n" +">>> len(z)\n" +"48\n" +">>> z.nbytes\n" +"48" +msgstr "" +">>> import struct\n" +">>> buf = struct.pack(\"i\"*12, *list(range(12)))\n" +">>> x = memoryview(buf)\n" +">>> y = x.cast('i', shape=[2,2,3])\n" +">>> y.tolist()\n" +"[[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]], [[6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11]]]\n" +">>> y.format\n" +"'i'\n" +">>> y.itemsize\n" +"4\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"2\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"48\n" +">>> z = y.cast('b')\n" +">>> z.format\n" +"'b'\n" +">>> z.itemsize\n" +"1\n" +">>> len(z)\n" +"48\n" +">>> z.nbytes\n" +"48" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4236 +msgid "Cast 1D/unsigned long to 2D/unsigned long::" +msgstr "将 1D/unsigned long 转换为 2D/unsigned long::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4238 +msgid "" +">>> buf = struct.pack(\"L\"*6, *list(range(6)))\n" +">>> x = memoryview(buf)\n" +">>> y = x.cast('L', shape=[2,3])\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"2\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"48\n" +">>> y.tolist()\n" +"[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]]" +msgstr "" +">>> buf = struct.pack(\"L\"*6, *list(range(6)))\n" +">>> x = memoryview(buf)\n" +">>> y = x.cast('L', shape=[2,3])\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"2\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"48\n" +">>> y.tolist()\n" +"[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4250 +msgid "The source format is no longer restricted when casting to a byte view." +msgstr "当转换为字节视图时，源格式将不再受限。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4253 +msgid "There are also several readonly attributes available:" +msgstr "还存在一些可用的只读属性：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4257 +msgid "The underlying object of the memoryview::" +msgstr "内存视图的下层对象::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4259 +msgid "" +">>> b = bytearray(b'xyz')\n" +">>> m = memoryview(b)\n" +">>> m.obj is b\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> b = bytearray(b'xyz')\n" +">>> m = memoryview(b)\n" +">>> m.obj is b\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4268 +msgid "" +"``nbytes == product(shape) * itemsize == len(m.tobytes())``. This is the " +"amount of space in bytes that the array would use in a contiguous " +"representation. It is not necessarily equal to ``len(m)``::" +msgstr "" +"``nbytes == product(shape) * itemsize == len(m.tobytes())``。 " +"这是数组在连续表示时将会占用的空间总字节数。 它不一定等于 ``len(m)``::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4272 +msgid "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('i', [1,2,3,4,5])\n" +">>> m = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> len(m)\n" +"5\n" +">>> m.nbytes\n" +"20\n" +">>> y = m[::2]\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"3\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"12\n" +">>> len(y.tobytes())\n" +"12" +msgstr "" +">>> import array\n" +">>> a = array.array('i', [1,2,3,4,5])\n" +">>> m = memoryview(a)\n" +">>> len(m)\n" +"5\n" +">>> m.nbytes\n" +"20\n" +">>> y = m[::2]\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"3\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"12\n" +">>> len(y.tobytes())\n" +"12" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4287 +msgid "Multi-dimensional arrays::" +msgstr "多维数组::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4289 +msgid "" +">>> import struct\n" +">>> buf = struct.pack(\"d\"*12, *[1.5*x for x in range(12)])\n" +">>> x = memoryview(buf)\n" +">>> y = x.cast('d', shape=[3,4])\n" +">>> y.tolist()\n" +"[[0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5], [6.0, 7.5, 9.0, 10.5], [12.0, 13.5, 15.0, 16.5]]\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"3\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"96" +msgstr "" +">>> import struct\n" +">>> buf = struct.pack(\"d\"*12, *[1.5*x for x in range(12)])\n" +">>> x = memoryview(buf)\n" +">>> y = x.cast('d', shape=[3,4])\n" +">>> y.tolist()\n" +"[[0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5], [6.0, 7.5, 9.0, 10.5], [12.0, 13.5, 15.0, 16.5]]\n" +">>> len(y)\n" +"3\n" +">>> y.nbytes\n" +"96" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4304 +msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is read only." +msgstr "一个表明内存是否只读的布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4308 +msgid "" +"A string containing the format (in :mod:`struct` module style) for each " +"element in the view. A memoryview can be created from exporters with " +"arbitrary format strings, but some methods (e.g. :meth:`tolist`) are " +"restricted to native single element formats." +msgstr "" +"一个字符串，包含视图中每个元素的格式（表示为 :mod:`struct` 模块样式）。 内存视图可以从具有任意格式字符串的导出器创建，但某些方法 (例如" +" :meth:`tolist`) 仅限于原生的单元素格式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4313 +msgid "" +"format ``'B'`` is now handled according to the struct module syntax. This " +"means that ``memoryview(b'abc')[0] == b'abc'[0] == 97``." +msgstr "" +"格式 ``'B'`` 现在会按照 struct 模块语法来处理。 这意味着 ``memoryview(b'abc')[0] == b'abc'[0] " +"== 97``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4319 +msgid "The size in bytes of each element of the memoryview::" +msgstr "memoryview 中每个元素以字节表示的大小::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4321 +msgid "" +">>> import array, struct\n" +">>> m = memoryview(array.array('H', [32000, 32001, 32002]))\n" +">>> m.itemsize\n" +"2\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"32000\n" +">>> struct.calcsize('H') == m.itemsize\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> import array, struct\n" +">>> m = memoryview(array.array('H', [32000, 32001, 32002]))\n" +">>> m.itemsize\n" +"2\n" +">>> m[0]\n" +"32000\n" +">>> struct.calcsize('H') == m.itemsize\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4332 +msgid "" +"An integer indicating how many dimensions of a multi-dimensional array the " +"memory represents." +msgstr "一个整数，表示内存所代表的多维数组具有多少个维度。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4337 +msgid "" +"A tuple of integers the length of :attr:`ndim` giving the shape of the " +"memory as an N-dimensional array." +msgstr "一个整数元组，通过 :attr:`ndim` 的长度值给出内存所代表的 N 维数组的形状。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4340 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4348 +msgid "An empty tuple instead of ``None`` when ndim = 0." +msgstr "当 ndim = 0 时值为空元组而不再为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4345 +msgid "" +"A tuple of integers the length of :attr:`ndim` giving the size in bytes to " +"access each element for each dimension of the array." +msgstr "一个整数元组，通过 :attr:`ndim` 的长度给出以字节表示的大小，以便访问数组中每个维度上的每个元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4353 +msgid "Used internally for PIL-style arrays. The value is informational only." +msgstr "供 PIL 风格的数组内部使用。 该值仅作为参考信息。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4357 +msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is C-:term:`contiguous`." +msgstr "一个表明内存是否为 C-:term:`contiguous` 的布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4363 +msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is Fortran :term:`contiguous`." +msgstr "一个表明内存是否为 Fortran :term:`contiguous` 的布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4369 +msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is :term:`contiguous`." +msgstr "一个表明内存是否为 :term:`contiguous` 的布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4377 +msgid "Set Types --- :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`" +msgstr "集合类型 --- :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4381 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`set` object is an unordered collection of distinct :term:`hashable` " +"objects. Common uses include membership testing, removing duplicates from a " +"sequence, and computing mathematical operations such as intersection, union," +" difference, and symmetric difference. (For other containers see the built-" +"in :class:`dict`, :class:`list`, and :class:`tuple` classes, and the " +":mod:`collections` module.)" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`set` 对象是由具有唯一性的 :term:`hashable` 对象所组成的无序多项集。 " +"常见的用途包括成员检测、从序列中去除重复项以及数学中的集合类计算，例如交集、并集、差集与对称差集等等。 （关于其他容器对象请参看 " +":class:`dict`, :class:`list` 与 :class:`tuple` 等内置类，以及 :mod:`collections` " +"模块。）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4388 +msgid "" +"Like other collections, sets support ``x in set``, ``len(set)``, and ``for x" +" in set``. Being an unordered collection, sets do not record element " +"position or order of insertion. Accordingly, sets do not support indexing, " +"slicing, or other sequence-like behavior." +msgstr "" +"与其他多项集一样，集合也支持 ``x in set``, ``len(set)`` 和 ``for x in set``。 " +"作为一种无序的多项集，集合并不记录元素位置或插入顺序。 相应地，集合不支持索引、切片或其他序列类的操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4393 +msgid "" +"There are currently two built-in set types, :class:`set` and " +":class:`frozenset`. The :class:`set` type is mutable --- the contents can be" +" changed using methods like :meth:`~set.add` and :meth:`~set.remove`. Since" +" it is mutable, it has no hash value and cannot be used as either a " +"dictionary key or as an element of another set. The :class:`frozenset` type" +" is immutable and :term:`hashable` --- its contents cannot be altered after " +"it is created; it can therefore be used as a dictionary key or as an element" +" of another set." +msgstr "" +"目前有两种内置集合类型，:class:`set` 和 :class:`frozenset`。 :class:`set` 类型是可变的 --- " +"其内容可以使用 :meth:`~set.add` 和 :meth:`~set.remove` 这样的方法来改变。 " +"由于是可变类型，它没有哈希值，且不能被用作字典的键或其他集合的元素。 :class:`frozenset` 类型是不可变并且为 " +":term:`hashable` --- 其内容在被创建后不能再改变；因此它可以被用作字典的键或其他集合的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4401 +msgid "" +"Non-empty sets (not frozensets) can be created by placing a comma-separated " +"list of elements within braces, for example: ``{'jack', 'sjoerd'}``, in " +"addition to the :class:`set` constructor." +msgstr "" +"除了可以使用 :class:`set` 构造器，非空的 set (不是 frozenset) " +"还可以通过将以逗号分隔的元素列表包含于花括号之内来创建，例如: ``{'jack', 'sjoerd'}``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4405 +msgid "The constructors for both classes work the same:" +msgstr "两个类的构造器具有相同的作用方式：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4410 +msgid "" +"Return a new set or frozenset object whose elements are taken from " +"*iterable*. The elements of a set must be :term:`hashable`. To represent " +"sets of sets, the inner sets must be :class:`frozenset` objects. If " +"*iterable* is not specified, a new empty set is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回一个新的 set 或 frozenset 对象，其元素来自于 *iterable*。 集合的元素必须为 :term:`hashable`。 " +"要表示由集合对象构成的集合，所有的内层集合必须为 :class:`frozenset` 对象。 如果未指定 " +"*iterable*，则将返回一个新的空集合。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4416 +msgid "Sets can be created by several means:" +msgstr "集合可用多种方式来创建:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4418 +msgid "" +"Use a comma-separated list of elements within braces: ``{'jack', 'sjoerd'}``" +msgstr "使用花括号内以逗号分隔元素的方式: ``{'jack', 'sjoerd'}``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4419 +msgid "" +"Use a set comprehension: ``{c for c in 'abracadabra' if c not in 'abc'}``" +msgstr "使用集合推导式: ``{c for c in 'abracadabra' if c not in 'abc'}``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4420 +msgid "" +"Use the type constructor: ``set()``, ``set('foobar')``, ``set(['a', 'b', " +"'foo'])``" +msgstr "使用类型构造器: ``set()``, ``set('foobar')``, ``set(['a', 'b', 'foo'])``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4422 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` provide the following " +"operations:" +msgstr ":class:`set` 和 :class:`frozenset` 的实例提供以下操作：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4427 +msgid "Return the number of elements in set *s* (cardinality of *s*)." +msgstr "返回集合 *s* 中的元素数量（即 *s* 的基数）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4431 +msgid "Test *x* for membership in *s*." +msgstr "检测 *x* 是否为 *s* 中的成员。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4435 +msgid "Test *x* for non-membership in *s*." +msgstr "检测 *x* 是否非 *s* 中的成员。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4439 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the set has no elements in common with *other*. Sets are" +" disjoint if and only if their intersection is the empty set." +msgstr "如果集合中没有与 *other* 共有的元素则返回 ``True``。 当且仅当两个集合的交集为空集合时，两者为不相交集合。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4445 +msgid "Test whether every element in the set is in *other*." +msgstr "检测是否集合中的每个元素都在 *other* 之中。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4449 +msgid "" +"Test whether the set is a proper subset of *other*, that is, ``set <= other " +"and set != other``." +msgstr "检测集合是否为 *other* 的真子集，即 ``set <= other and set != other``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4455 +msgid "Test whether every element in *other* is in the set." +msgstr "检测是否 *other* 中的每个元素都在集合之中。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4459 +msgid "" +"Test whether the set is a proper superset of *other*, that is, ``set >= " +"other and set != other``." +msgstr "检测集合是否为 *other* 的真超集，即 ``set >= other and set != other``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4465 +msgid "Return a new set with elements from the set and all others." +msgstr "返回一个新集合，其中包含来自原集合以及 others 指定的所有集合中的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4470 +msgid "Return a new set with elements common to the set and all others." +msgstr "返回一个新集合，其中包含原集合以及 others 指定的所有集合中共有的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4475 +msgid "Return a new set with elements in the set that are not in the others." +msgstr "返回一个新集合，其中包含原集合中在 others 指定的其他集合中不存在的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4480 +msgid "" +"Return a new set with elements in either the set or *other* but not both." +msgstr "返回一个新集合，其中的元素或属于原集合或属于 *other* 指定的其他集合，但不能同时属于两者。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4484 +msgid "Return a shallow copy of the set." +msgstr "返回原集合的浅拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4487 +msgid "" +"Note, the non-operator versions of :meth:`union`, :meth:`intersection`, " +":meth:`difference`, :meth:`symmetric_difference`, :meth:`issubset`, and " +":meth:`issuperset` methods will accept any iterable as an argument. In " +"contrast, their operator based counterparts require their arguments to be " +"sets. This precludes error-prone constructions like ``set('abc') & 'cbs'`` " +"in favor of the more readable ``set('abc').intersection('cbs')``." +msgstr "" +"注意， :meth:`union` 、 :meth:`intersection` 、 :meth:`difference` 、 " +":meth:`symmetric_difference` 、 :meth:`issubset` 和 :meth:`issuperset` " +"方法的非运算符版本可以接受任何可迭代对象作为一个参数。相比之下，基于运算符的对应方法则要求参数为集合对象。这就避开了像 ``set('abc') & " +"'cbs'`` 这样容易出错的结构，而换成了可读性更好的 ``set('abc').intersection('cbs')``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4494 +msgid "" +"Both :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` support set to set comparisons. Two" +" sets are equal if and only if every element of each set is contained in the" +" other (each is a subset of the other). A set is less than another set if " +"and only if the first set is a proper subset of the second set (is a subset," +" but is not equal). A set is greater than another set if and only if the " +"first set is a proper superset of the second set (is a superset, but is not " +"equal)." +msgstr "" +":class:`set` 和 :class:`frozenset` 均支持集合与集合的比较。 " +"两个集合当且仅当每个集合中的每个元素均包含于另一个集合之内（即各为对方的子集）时则相等。 " +"一个集合当且仅当其为另一个集合的真子集（即为后者的子集但两者不相等）时则小于另一个集合。 " +"一个集合当且仅当其为另一个集合的真超集（即为后者的超集但两者不相等）时则大于另一个集合。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4501 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`set` are compared to instances of :class:`frozenset` " +"based on their members. For example, ``set('abc') == frozenset('abc')`` " +"returns ``True`` and so does ``set('abc') in set([frozenset('abc')])``." +msgstr "" +":class:`set` 的实例与 :class:`frozenset` 的实例之间基于它们的成员进行比较。 例如 ``set('abc') == " +"frozenset('abc')`` 返回 ``True``，``set('abc') in set([frozenset('abc')])`` " +"也一样。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4505 +msgid "" +"The subset and equality comparisons do not generalize to a total ordering " +"function. For example, any two nonempty disjoint sets are not equal and are" +" not subsets of each other, so *all* of the following return ``False``: " +"``ab``." +msgstr "" +"子集与相等比较并不能推广为完全排序函数。 例如，任意两个非空且不相交的集合不相等且互不为对方的子集，因此以下 *所有* 比较均返回 ``False``:" +" ``ab``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4510 +msgid "" +"Since sets only define partial ordering (subset relationships), the output " +"of the :meth:`list.sort` method is undefined for lists of sets." +msgstr "由于集合仅定义了部分排序（子集关系），因此由集合构成的列表 :meth:`list.sort` 方法的输出并无定义。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4513 +msgid "Set elements, like dictionary keys, must be :term:`hashable`." +msgstr "集合的元素，与字典的键类似，必须为 :term:`hashable`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4515 +msgid "" +"Binary operations that mix :class:`set` instances with :class:`frozenset` " +"return the type of the first operand. For example: ``frozenset('ab') | " +"set('bc')`` returns an instance of :class:`frozenset`." +msgstr "" +"混合了 :class:`set` 实例与 :class:`frozenset` 的二进制位运算将返回与第一个操作数相同的类型。例如: " +"``frozenset('ab') | set('bc')`` 将返回 :class:`frozenset` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4519 +msgid "" +"The following table lists operations available for :class:`set` that do not " +"apply to immutable instances of :class:`frozenset`:" +msgstr "下表列出了可用于 :class:`set` 而不能用于不可变的 :class:`frozenset` 实例的操作：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4525 +msgid "Update the set, adding elements from all others." +msgstr "更新集合，添加来自 others 中的所有元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4530 +msgid "Update the set, keeping only elements found in it and all others." +msgstr "更新集合，只保留其中在所有 others 中也存在的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4535 +msgid "Update the set, removing elements found in others." +msgstr "更新集合，移除其中也存在于 others 中的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4540 +msgid "" +"Update the set, keeping only elements found in either set, but not in both." +msgstr "更新集合，只保留存在于集合的一方而非共同存在的元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4544 +msgid "Add element *elem* to the set." +msgstr "将元素 *elem* 添加到集合中。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4548 +msgid "" +"Remove element *elem* from the set. Raises :exc:`KeyError` if *elem* is not" +" contained in the set." +msgstr "从集合中移除元素 *elem*。 如果 *elem* 不存在于集合中则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4553 +msgid "Remove element *elem* from the set if it is present." +msgstr "如果元素 *elem* 存在于集合中则将其移除。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4557 +msgid "" +"Remove and return an arbitrary element from the set. Raises :exc:`KeyError`" +" if the set is empty." +msgstr "从集合中移除并返回任意一个元素。 如果集合为空则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4562 +msgid "Remove all elements from the set." +msgstr "从集合中移除所有元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4565 +msgid "" +"Note, the non-operator versions of the :meth:`update`, " +":meth:`intersection_update`, :meth:`difference_update`, and " +":meth:`symmetric_difference_update` methods will accept any iterable as an " +"argument." +msgstr "" +"请注意，非运算符版本的 :meth:`update`, :meth:`intersection_update`, " +":meth:`difference_update` 和 :meth:`symmetric_difference_update` " +"方法将接受任意可迭代对象作为参数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4570 +msgid "" +"Note, the *elem* argument to the :meth:`~object.__contains__`, " +":meth:`remove`, and :meth:`discard` methods may be a set. To support " +"searching for an equivalent frozenset, a temporary one is created from " +"*elem*." +msgstr "" +"请注意，:meth:`~object.__contains__`, :meth:`remove` 和 :meth:`discard` 方法的 " +"*elem* 参数可以是一个集合。 为支持搜索等价的冻结集合，将根据 *elem* 临时创建一个相应的对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4579 +msgid "Mapping Types --- :class:`dict`" +msgstr "映射类型 --- :class:`dict`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4589 +msgid "" +"A :term:`mapping` object maps :term:`hashable` values to arbitrary objects. " +"Mappings are mutable objects. There is currently only one standard mapping " +"type, the :dfn:`dictionary`. (For other containers see the built-in " +":class:`list`, :class:`set`, and :class:`tuple` classes, and the " +":mod:`collections` module.)" +msgstr "" +":term:`mapping` 对象会将 :term:`hashable` 值映射到任意对象。 映射属于可变对象。 目前仅有一种标准映射类型 " +":dfn:`字典`。 （关于其他容器对象请参看 :class:`list`, :class:`set` 与 :class:`tuple` 等内置类，以及" +" :mod:`collections` 模块。）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4595 +msgid "" +"A dictionary's keys are *almost* arbitrary values. Values that are not " +":term:`hashable`, that is, values containing lists, dictionaries or other " +"mutable types (that are compared by value rather than by object identity) " +"may not be used as keys. Values that compare equal (such as ``1``, ``1.0``, " +"and ``True``) can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary " +"entry." +msgstr "" +"字典的键 *几乎* 可以为任何值。 不是 :term:`hashable` " +"的值，即包含列表、字典或其他可变类型（按值比较而非按对象标识比较）的值不可被用作键。 比较结果相等的值（如 ``1``, ``1.0`` 和 " +"``True`` 等）可被互换使用以索引同一个字典条目。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4606 +msgid "" +"Return a new dictionary initialized from an optional positional argument and" +" a possibly empty set of keyword arguments." +msgstr "返回一个新的字典，基于可选的位置参数和可能为空的关键字参数集来初始化。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4609 +msgid "Dictionaries can be created by several means:" +msgstr "字典可用多种方式来创建:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4611 +msgid "" +"Use a comma-separated list of ``key: value`` pairs within braces: ``{'jack':" +" 4098, 'sjoerd': 4127}`` or ``{4098: 'jack', 4127: 'sjoerd'}``" +msgstr "" +"使用花括号内以逗号分隔 ``键: 值`` 对的方式: ``{'jack': 4098, 'sjoerd': 4127}`` or ``{4098: " +"'jack', 4127: 'sjoerd'}``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4613 +msgid "Use a dict comprehension: ``{}``, ``{x: x ** 2 for x in range(10)}``" +msgstr "使用字典推导式: ``{}``, ``{x: x ** 2 for x in range(10)}``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4614 +msgid "" +"Use the type constructor: ``dict()``, ``dict([('foo', 100), ('bar', " +"200)])``, ``dict(foo=100, bar=200)``" +msgstr "" +"使用类型构造器: ``dict()``, ``dict([('foo', 100), ('bar', 200)])``, ``dict(foo=100," +" bar=200)``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4617 +msgid "" +"If no positional argument is given, an empty dictionary is created. If a " +"positional argument is given and it defines a ``keys()`` method, a " +"dictionary is created by calling :meth:`~object.__getitem__` on the argument" +" with each returned key from the method. Otherwise, the positional argument" +" must be an :term:`iterable` object. Each item in the iterable must itself " +"be an iterable with exactly two elements. The first element of each item " +"becomes a key in the new dictionary, and the second element the " +"corresponding value. If a key occurs more than once, the last value for " +"that key becomes the corresponding value in the new dictionary." +msgstr "" +"如果没有给出位置参数，将创建一个空字典。 如果给出一个位置参数并且其定义了 ``keys()`` 方法，则通过在该参数上调用 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 创建一个字典并包含从该方法返回的每个键。 在其他情况下，位置参数必须是一个 " +":term:`iterable` 对象。 该可迭代对象中的每一项本身必须是一个恰好包含两个元素的可迭代对象。 " +"每一项中的第一个元素将成为新字典的一个键，第二个元素将成为其对应的值。 如果一个键出现多次，该键的最后一个值将成为其在新字典中的对应值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4627 +msgid "" +"If keyword arguments are given, the keyword arguments and their values are " +"added to the dictionary created from the positional argument. If a key " +"being added is already present, the value from the keyword argument replaces" +" the value from the positional argument." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了关键字参数，则关键字参数及其值会被加入到基于位置参数创建的字典。 如果要加入的键已存在，来自关键字参数的值将替代来自位置参数的值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4632 +msgid "" +"To illustrate, the following examples all return a dictionary equal to " +"``{\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2, \"three\": 3}``::" +msgstr "作为演示，以下示例返回的字典均等于 ``{\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2, \"three\": 3}``::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4635 +msgid "" +">>> a = dict(one=1, two=2, three=3)\n" +">>> b = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}\n" +">>> c = dict(zip(['one', 'two', 'three'], [1, 2, 3]))\n" +">>> d = dict([('two', 2), ('one', 1), ('three', 3)])\n" +">>> e = dict({'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'two': 2})\n" +">>> f = dict({'one': 1, 'three': 3}, two=2)\n" +">>> a == b == c == d == e == f\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> a = dict(one=1, two=2, three=3)\n" +">>> b = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}\n" +">>> c = dict(zip(['one', 'two', 'three'], [1, 2, 3]))\n" +">>> d = dict([('two', 2), ('one', 1), ('three', 3)])\n" +">>> e = dict({'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'two': 2})\n" +">>> f = dict({'one': 1, 'three': 3}, two=2)\n" +">>> a == b == c == d == e == f\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4644 +msgid "" +"Providing keyword arguments as in the first example only works for keys that" +" are valid Python identifiers. Otherwise, any valid keys can be used." +msgstr "像第一个例子那样提供关键字参数的方式只能使用有效的 Python 标识符作为键。 其他方式则可使用任何有效的键。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4648 +msgid "" +"These are the operations that dictionaries support (and therefore, custom " +"mapping types should support too):" +msgstr "这些是字典所支持的操作（因而自定义的映射类型也应当支持）：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4653 +msgid "Return a list of all the keys used in the dictionary *d*." +msgstr "返回字典 *d* 中使用的所有键的列表。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4657 +msgid "Return the number of items in the dictionary *d*." +msgstr "返回字典 *d* 中的项数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4661 +msgid "" +"Return the item of *d* with key *key*. Raises a :exc:`KeyError` if *key* is" +" not in the map." +msgstr "返回 *d* 中以 *key* 为键的项。 如果映射中不存在 *key* 则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4666 +msgid "" +"If a subclass of dict defines a method :meth:`__missing__` and *key* is not " +"present, the ``d[key]`` operation calls that method with the key *key* as " +"argument. The ``d[key]`` operation then returns or raises whatever is " +"returned or raised by the ``__missing__(key)`` call. No other operations or " +"methods invoke :meth:`__missing__`. If :meth:`__missing__` is not defined, " +":exc:`KeyError` is raised. :meth:`__missing__` must be a method; it cannot " +"be an instance variable::" +msgstr "" +"如果字典的子类定义了方法 :meth:`__missing__` 并且 *key* 不存在，则 ``d[key]`` 操作将调用该方法并附带键 " +"*key* 作为参数。 ``d[key]`` 随后将返回或引发 ``__missing__(key)`` 调用所返回或引发的任何对象或异常。 " +"没有其他操作或方法会唤起 :meth:`__missing__`。 如果未定义 :meth:`__missing__`，则会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。 :meth:`__missing__` 必须是一个方法；它不能是一个实例变量::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4674 +msgid "" +">>> class Counter(dict):\n" +"... def __missing__(self, key):\n" +"... return 0\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = Counter()\n" +">>> c['red']\n" +"0\n" +">>> c['red'] += 1\n" +">>> c['red']\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> class Counter(dict):\n" +"... def __missing__(self, key):\n" +"... return 0\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = Counter()\n" +">>> c['red']\n" +"0\n" +">>> c['red'] += 1\n" +">>> c['red']\n" +"1" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4685 +msgid "" +"The example above shows part of the implementation of " +":class:`collections.Counter`. A different ``__missing__`` method is used by" +" :class:`collections.defaultdict`." +msgstr "" +"上面的例子显示了 :class:`collections.Counter` 实现的部分代码。 还有另一个不同的 ``__missing__`` 方法是由" +" :class:`collections.defaultdict` 所使用的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4691 +msgid "Set ``d[key]`` to *value*." +msgstr "将 ``d[key]`` 设为 *value*。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4695 +msgid "" +"Remove ``d[key]`` from *d*. Raises a :exc:`KeyError` if *key* is not in the" +" map." +msgstr "将 ``d[key]`` 从 *d* 中移除。 如果映射中不存在 *key* 则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4700 +msgid "Return ``True`` if *d* has a key *key*, else ``False``." +msgstr "如果 *d* 中存在键 *key* 则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4704 +msgid "Equivalent to ``not key in d``." +msgstr "等价于 ``not key in d``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4708 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over the keys of the dictionary. This is a shortcut for " +"``iter(d.keys())``." +msgstr "返回以字典的键为元素的迭代器。 这是 ``iter(d.keys())`` 的快捷方式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4713 +msgid "Remove all items from the dictionary." +msgstr "移除字典中的所有元素。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4717 +msgid "Return a shallow copy of the dictionary." +msgstr "返回原字典的浅拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4721 +msgid "" +"Create a new dictionary with keys from *iterable* and values set to *value*." +msgstr "使用来自 *iterable* 的键创建一个新字典，并将键值设为 *value*。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4723 +msgid "" +":meth:`fromkeys` is a class method that returns a new dictionary. *value* " +"defaults to ``None``. All of the values refer to just a single instance, so" +" it generally doesn't make sense for *value* to be a mutable object such as " +"an empty list. To get distinct values, use a :ref:`dict comprehension " +"` instead." +msgstr "" +":meth:`fromkeys` 是一个返回新字典的类方法。 *value* 默认为 ``None``。 所有值都只引用一个单独的实例，因此让 " +"*value* 成为一个可变对象例如空列表通常是没有意义的。 要获取不同的值，请改用 :ref:`字典推导式 `。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4731 +msgid "" +"Return the value for *key* if *key* is in the dictionary, else *default*. If" +" *default* is not given, it defaults to ``None``, so that this method never " +"raises a :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *key* 存在于字典中则返回 *key* 的值，否则返回 *default*。 如果 *default* 未给出则默认为 " +"``None``，因而此方法绝不会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4737 +msgid "" +"Return a new view of the dictionary's items (``(key, value)`` pairs). See " +"the :ref:`documentation of view objects `." +msgstr "返回由字典项 (``(键, 值)`` 对) 组成的一个新视图。 参见 :ref:`视图对象文档 `。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4742 +msgid "" +"Return a new view of the dictionary's keys. See the :ref:`documentation of " +"view objects `." +msgstr "返回由字典键组成的一个新视图。 参见 :ref:`视图对象文档 `。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4747 +msgid "" +"If *key* is in the dictionary, remove it and return its value, else return " +"*default*. If *default* is not given and *key* is not in the dictionary, a " +":exc:`KeyError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"如果 *key* 存在于字典中则将其移除并返回其值，否则返回 *default*。 如果 *default* 未给出且 *key* " +"不存在于字典中，则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4753 +msgid "" +"Remove and return a ``(key, value)`` pair from the dictionary. Pairs are " +"returned in :abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-out)` order." +msgstr "从字典中移除并返回一个 ``(键, 值)`` 对。 键值对会按 :abbr:`LIFO (后进先出)` 的顺序被返回。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4756 +msgid "" +":meth:`popitem` is useful to destructively iterate over a dictionary, as " +"often used in set algorithms. If the dictionary is empty, calling " +":meth:`popitem` raises a :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`popitem` 适用于对字典进行消耗性的迭代，这在集合算法中经常被使用。 如果字典为空，调用 :meth:`popitem` 将引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4760 +msgid "" +"LIFO order is now guaranteed. In prior versions, :meth:`popitem` would " +"return an arbitrary key/value pair." +msgstr "现在会确保采用 LIFO 顺序。 在之前的版本中，:meth:`popitem` 会返回一个任意的键/值对。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4766 +msgid "" +"Return a reverse iterator over the keys of the dictionary. This is a " +"shortcut for ``reversed(d.keys())``." +msgstr "返回一个逆序获取字典键的迭代器。 这是 ``reversed(d.keys())`` 的快捷方式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4773 +msgid "" +"If *key* is in the dictionary, return its value. If not, insert *key* with " +"a value of *default* and return *default*. *default* defaults to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果字典存在键 *key* ，返回它的值。如果不存在，插入值为 *default* 的键 *key* ，并返回 *default* 。 " +"*default* 默认为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4779 +msgid "" +"Update the dictionary with the key/value pairs from *other*, overwriting " +"existing keys. Return ``None``." +msgstr "使用来自 *other* 的键/值对更新字典，覆盖原有的键。 返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4782 +msgid "" +":meth:`update` accepts either another object with a ``keys()`` method (in " +"which case :meth:`~object.__getitem__` is called with every key returned " +"from the method) or an iterable of key/value pairs (as tuples or other " +"iterables of length two). If keyword arguments are specified, the dictionary" +" is then updated with those key/value pairs: ``d.update(red=1, blue=2)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`update` 接受另一个具有 ``keys()`` 方法的对象（在此情况下 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"将被调用并附带从该方法返回的键）或一个包含键/值对（以长度为二的元组或其他可迭代对象表示）的可迭代对象。 " +"如果指定了关键字参数，则会以其所对应的键/值对更新字典: ``d.update(red=1, blue=2)``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4790 +msgid "" +"Return a new view of the dictionary's values. See the :ref:`documentation " +"of view objects `." +msgstr "返回由字典值组成的一个新视图。 参见 :ref:`视图对象文档 `。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4793 +msgid "" +"An equality comparison between one ``dict.values()`` view and another will " +"always return ``False``. This also applies when comparing ``dict.values()`` " +"to itself::" +msgstr "" +"两个 ``dict.values()`` 视图之间的相等性比较将总是返回 ``False``。 这在 ``dict.values()`` " +"与其自身比较时也同样适用::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4797 +msgid "" +">>> d = {'a': 1}\n" +">>> d.values() == d.values()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> d = {'a': 1}\n" +">>> d.values() == d.values()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4803 +msgid "" +"Create a new dictionary with the merged keys and values of *d* and *other*, " +"which must both be dictionaries. The values of *other* take priority when " +"*d* and *other* share keys." +msgstr "" +"合并 *d* 和 *other* 中的键和值来创建一个新的字典，两者必须都是字典。当 *d* 和 *other* 有相同键时， *other* " +"的值优先。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4811 +msgid "" +"Update the dictionary *d* with keys and values from *other*, which may be " +"either a :term:`mapping` or an :term:`iterable` of key/value pairs. The " +"values of *other* take priority when *d* and *other* share keys." +msgstr "" +"用 *other* 的键和值更新字典 *d* ，*other* 可以是 :term:`mapping` 或 :term:`iterable` " +"的键值对。当 *d* 和 *other* 有相同键时， *other* 的值优先。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4817 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries compare equal if and only if they have the same ``(key, " +"value)`` pairs (regardless of ordering). Order comparisons ('<', '<=', '>='," +" '>') raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"两个字典的比较当且仅当它们具有相同的 ``(键, 值)`` 对时才会相等（不考虑顺序）。 排序比较 ('<', '<=', '>=', '>') 会引发" +" :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4821 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries preserve insertion order. Note that updating a key does not " +"affect the order. Keys added after deletion are inserted at the end. ::" +msgstr "字典会保留插入时的顺序。 请注意对键的更新不会影响顺序。 删除并再次添加的键将被插入到末尾。 ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4824 +msgid "" +">>> d = {\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2, \"three\": 3, \"four\": 4}\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}\n" +">>> list(d)\n" +"['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']\n" +">>> list(d.values())\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n" +">>> d[\"one\"] = 42\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 42, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}\n" +">>> del d[\"two\"]\n" +">>> d[\"two\"] = None\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 42, 'three': 3, 'four': 4, 'two': None}" +msgstr "" +">>> d = {\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2, \"three\": 3, \"four\": 4}\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}\n" +">>> list(d)\n" +"['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']\n" +">>> list(d.values())\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n" +">>> d[\"one\"] = 42\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 42, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}\n" +">>> del d[\"two\"]\n" +">>> d[\"two\"] = None\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 42, 'three': 3, 'four': 4, 'two': None}" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4839 +msgid "" +"Dictionary order is guaranteed to be insertion order. This behavior was an " +"implementation detail of CPython from 3.6." +msgstr "字典顺序会确保为插入顺序。 此行为是自 3.6 版开始的 CPython 实现细节。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4843 +msgid "Dictionaries and dictionary views are reversible. ::" +msgstr "字典和字典视图都是可逆的。 ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4845 +msgid "" +">>> d = {\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2, \"three\": 3, \"four\": 4}\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}\n" +">>> list(reversed(d))\n" +"['four', 'three', 'two', 'one']\n" +">>> list(reversed(d.values()))\n" +"[4, 3, 2, 1]\n" +">>> list(reversed(d.items()))\n" +"[('four', 4), ('three', 3), ('two', 2), ('one', 1)]" +msgstr "" +">>> d = {\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2, \"three\": 3, \"four\": 4}\n" +">>> d\n" +"{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}\n" +">>> list(reversed(d))\n" +"['four', 'three', 'two', 'one']\n" +">>> list(reversed(d.values()))\n" +"[4, 3, 2, 1]\n" +">>> list(reversed(d.items()))\n" +"[('four', 4), ('three', 3), ('two', 2), ('one', 1)]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4855 +msgid "Dictionaries are now reversible." +msgstr "字典现在是可逆的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4860 +msgid "" +":class:`types.MappingProxyType` can be used to create a read-only view of a " +":class:`dict`." +msgstr ":class:`types.MappingProxyType` 可被用来创建一个 :class:`dict` 的只读视图。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4867 +msgid "Dictionary view objects" +msgstr "字典视图对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4869 +msgid "" +"The objects returned by :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` and " +":meth:`dict.items` are *view objects*. They provide a dynamic view on the " +"dictionary's entries, which means that when the dictionary changes, the view" +" reflects these changes." +msgstr "" +"由 :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` 和 :meth:`dict.items` 所返回的对象是 " +"*视图对象*。 该对象提供字典条目的一个动态视图，这意味着当字典改变时，视图也会相应改变。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4874 +msgid "" +"Dictionary views can be iterated over to yield their respective data, and " +"support membership tests:" +msgstr "字典视图可以被迭代以产生与其对应的数据，并支持成员检测：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4879 +msgid "Return the number of entries in the dictionary." +msgstr "返回字典中的条目数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4883 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over the keys, values or items (represented as tuples of " +"``(key, value)``) in the dictionary." +msgstr "返回字典中的键、值或项（以 ``(键, 值)`` 为元素的元组表示）的迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4886 +msgid "" +"Keys and values are iterated over in insertion order. This allows the " +"creation of ``(value, key)`` pairs using :func:`zip`: ``pairs = " +"zip(d.values(), d.keys())``. Another way to create the same list is ``pairs" +" = [(v, k) for (k, v) in d.items()]``." +msgstr "" +"键和值是按插入时的顺序进行迭代的。 这样就允许使用 :func:`zip` 来创建 ``(值, 键)`` 对: ``pairs = " +"zip(d.values(), d.keys())``。 另一个创建相同列表的方式是 ``pairs = [(v, k) for (k, v) in " +"d.items()]``." + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4891 +msgid "" +"Iterating views while adding or deleting entries in the dictionary may raise" +" a :exc:`RuntimeError` or fail to iterate over all entries." +msgstr "在添加或删除字典中的条目期间对视图进行迭代可能引发 :exc:`RuntimeError` 或者无法完全迭代所有条目。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4894 +msgid "Dictionary order is guaranteed to be insertion order." +msgstr "字典顺序会确保为插入顺序。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4899 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if *x* is in the underlying dictionary's keys, values or " +"items (in the latter case, *x* should be a ``(key, value)`` tuple)." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是对应字典中存在的键、值或项（在最后一种情况下 *x* 应为一个 ``(键, 值)`` 元组） 则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4904 +msgid "" +"Return a reverse iterator over the keys, values or items of the dictionary. " +"The view will be iterated in reverse order of the insertion." +msgstr "返回一个逆序获取字典键、值或项的迭代器。 视图将按与插入时相反的顺序进行迭代。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4907 +msgid "Dictionary views are now reversible." +msgstr "字典视图现在是可逆的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4912 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`types.MappingProxyType` that wraps the original dictionary " +"to which the view refers." +msgstr "返回 :class:`types.MappingProxyType` 对象，封装了字典视图指向的原始字典。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4917 +msgid "" +"Keys views are set-like since their entries are unique and :term:`hashable`." +" Items views also have set-like operations since the (key, value) pairs are " +"unique and the keys are hashable. If all values in an items view are " +"hashable as well, then the items view can interoperate with other sets. " +"(Values views are not treated as set-like since the entries are generally " +"not unique.) For set-like views, all of the operations defined for the " +"abstract base class :class:`collections.abc.Set` are available (for example," +" ``==``, ``<``, or ``^``). While using set operators, set-like views accept" +" any iterable as the other operand, unlike sets which only accept sets as " +"the input." +msgstr "" +"键视图与集合类似因为其条目是唯一的并且为 :term:`hashable`。 条视图也有类似集合的操作因为 (键, 值) 对是唯一的并且键是可哈希的。 " +"如果条目视图中的所有值也都是可哈希的，那么条目视图就可以与其他集合执行互操作。 （值视图不会被认为与集合类似因为条目通常不是唯一的）。 " +"对于与集合类似的视图，可以使用为抽象基类 :class:`collections.abc.Set` 定义的所有操作（例如，``==``, ``<`` 或" +" ``^`` 等）。 虽然使用了集合运算符，但与集合类似的视图接受任何可迭代对象作为其操作数，而不像集合那样只接受集合作为输入。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4929 +msgid "An example of dictionary view usage::" +msgstr "一个使用字典视图的示例::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4931 +msgid "" +">>> dishes = {'eggs': 2, 'sausage': 1, 'bacon': 1, 'spam': 500}\n" +">>> keys = dishes.keys()\n" +">>> values = dishes.values()\n" +"\n" +">>> # iteration\n" +">>> n = 0\n" +">>> for val in values:\n" +"... n += val\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(n)\n" +"504\n" +"\n" +">>> # keys and values are iterated over in the same order (insertion order)\n" +">>> list(keys)\n" +"['eggs', 'sausage', 'bacon', 'spam']\n" +">>> list(values)\n" +"[2, 1, 1, 500]\n" +"\n" +">>> # view objects are dynamic and reflect dict changes\n" +">>> del dishes['eggs']\n" +">>> del dishes['sausage']\n" +">>> list(keys)\n" +"['bacon', 'spam']\n" +"\n" +">>> # set operations\n" +">>> keys & {'eggs', 'bacon', 'salad'}\n" +"{'bacon'}\n" +">>> keys ^ {'sausage', 'juice'} == {'juice', 'sausage', 'bacon', 'spam'}\n" +"True\n" +">>> keys | ['juice', 'juice', 'juice'] == {'bacon', 'spam', 'juice'}\n" +"True\n" +"\n" +">>> # get back a read-only proxy for the original dictionary\n" +">>> values.mapping\n" +"mappingproxy({'bacon': 1, 'spam': 500})\n" +">>> values.mapping['spam']\n" +"500" +msgstr "" +">>> dishes = {'eggs': 2, 'sausage': 1, 'bacon': 1, 'spam': 500}\n" +">>> keys = dishes.keys()\n" +">>> values = dishes.values()\n" +"\n" +">>> # 迭代\n" +">>> n = 0\n" +">>> for val in values:\n" +"... n += val\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(n)\n" +"504\n" +"\n" +">>> # 键和值将以相同顺序（插入顺序）被迭代\n" +">>> list(keys)\n" +"['eggs', 'sausage', 'bacon', 'spam']\n" +">>> list(values)\n" +"[2, 1, 1, 500]\n" +"\n" +">>> # 视图对象是动态的并会反映字典的改变\n" +">>> del dishes['eggs']\n" +">>> del dishes['sausage']\n" +">>> list(keys)\n" +"['bacon', 'spam']\n" +"\n" +">>> # 集合运算\n" +">>> keys & {'eggs', 'bacon', 'salad'}\n" +"{'bacon'}\n" +">>> keys ^ {'sausage', 'juice'} == {'juice', 'sausage', 'bacon', 'spam'}\n" +"True\n" +">>> keys | ['juice', 'juice', 'juice'] == {'bacon', 'spam', 'juice'}\n" +"True\n" +"\n" +">>> # 获取原始字典的只读代理\n" +">>> values.mapping\n" +"mappingproxy({'bacon': 1, 'spam': 500})\n" +">>> values.mapping['spam']\n" +"500" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4973 +msgid "Context Manager Types" +msgstr "上下文管理器类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4980 +msgid "" +"Python's :keyword:`with` statement supports the concept of a runtime context" +" defined by a context manager. This is implemented using a pair of methods " +"that allow user-defined classes to define a runtime context that is entered " +"before the statement body is executed and exited when the statement ends:" +msgstr "" +"Python 的 :keyword:`with` 语句支持通过上下文管理器所定义的运行时上下文这一概念。 " +"此对象的实现使用了一对专门方法，允许用户自定义类来定义运行时上下文，在语句体被执行前进入该上下文，并在语句执行完毕时退出该上下文：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4988 +msgid "" +"Enter the runtime context and return either this object or another object " +"related to the runtime context. The value returned by this method is bound " +"to the identifier in the :keyword:`!as` clause of :keyword:`with` statements" +" using this context manager." +msgstr "" +"进入运行时上下文并返回此对象或关联到该运行时上下文的其他对象。 此方法的返回值会绑定到使用此上下文管理器的 :keyword:`with` 语句的 " +":keyword:`!as` 子句中的标识符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4993 +msgid "" +"An example of a context manager that returns itself is a :term:`file " +"object`. File objects return themselves from __enter__() to allow " +":func:`open` to be used as the context expression in a :keyword:`with` " +"statement." +msgstr "" +"一个返回其自身的上下文管理器的例子是 :term:`file object`。 文件对象会从 __enter__() 返回其自身，以允许 " +":func:`open` 被用作 :keyword:`with` 语句中的上下文表达式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4997 +msgid "" +"An example of a context manager that returns a related object is the one " +"returned by :func:`decimal.localcontext`. These managers set the active " +"decimal context to a copy of the original decimal context and then return " +"the copy. This allows changes to be made to the current decimal context in " +"the body of the :keyword:`with` statement without affecting code outside the" +" :keyword:`!with` statement." +msgstr "" +"一个返回关联对象的上下文管理器的例子是 :func:`decimal.localcontext` 所返回的对象。 此种管理器会将活动的 decimal " +"上下文设为原始 decimal 上下文的一个副本并返回该副本。 这允许对 :keyword:`with` 语句的语句体中的当前 decimal " +"上下文进行更改，而不会影响 :keyword:`!with` 语句以外的代码。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5007 +msgid "" +"Exit the runtime context and return a Boolean flag indicating if any " +"exception that occurred should be suppressed. If an exception occurred while" +" executing the body of the :keyword:`with` statement, the arguments contain " +"the exception type, value and traceback information. Otherwise, all three " +"arguments are ``None``." +msgstr "" +"退出运行时上下文并返回一个布尔值旗标来表明所发生的任何异常是否应当被屏蔽。 如果在执行 :keyword:`with` " +"语句的语句体期间发生了异常，则参数会包含异常的类型、值以及回溯信息。 在其他情况下三个参数均为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5012 +msgid "" +"Returning a true value from this method will cause the :keyword:`with` " +"statement to suppress the exception and continue execution with the " +"statement immediately following the :keyword:`!with` statement. Otherwise " +"the exception continues propagating after this method has finished " +"executing. Exceptions that occur during execution of this method will " +"replace any exception that occurred in the body of the :keyword:`!with` " +"statement." +msgstr "" +"自此方法返回一个真值将导致 :keyword:`with` 语句屏蔽异常并继续执行紧随在 :keyword:`!with` 语句之后的语句。 " +"否则异常将在此方法结束执行后继续传播。 在此方法执行期间发生的异常将会取代 :keyword:`!with` 语句的语句体中发生的任何异常。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5019 +msgid "" +"The exception passed in should never be reraised explicitly - instead, this " +"method should return a false value to indicate that the method completed " +"successfully and does not want to suppress the raised exception. This allows" +" context management code to easily detect whether or not an " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method has actually failed." +msgstr "" +"传入的异常绝对不应当被显式地重新引发 —— 相反地，此方法应当返回一个假值以表明方法已成功完成并且不希望屏蔽被引发的异常。 " +"这允许上下文管理代码方便地检测 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法是否确实已失败。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5025 +msgid "" +"Python defines several context managers to support easy thread " +"synchronisation, prompt closure of files or other objects, and simpler " +"manipulation of the active decimal arithmetic context. The specific types " +"are not treated specially beyond their implementation of the context " +"management protocol. See the :mod:`contextlib` module for some examples." +msgstr "" +"Python 定义了一些上下文管理器来支持简易的线程同步、文件或其他对象的快速关闭，以及更方便地操作活动的十进制算术上下文。 " +"除了实现上下文管理协议以外，不同类型不会被特殊处理。 请参阅 :mod:`contextlib` 模块查看相关的示例。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5031 +msgid "" +"Python's :term:`generator`\\s and the :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` " +"decorator provide a convenient way to implement these protocols. If a " +"generator function is decorated with the :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` " +"decorator, it will return a context manager implementing the necessary " +":meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` and :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` " +"methods, rather than the iterator produced by an undecorated generator " +"function." +msgstr "" +"Python 的 :term:`generator` 和 :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` " +"装饰器提供了实现这些协议的便捷方式。 如果使用 :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` " +"装饰器来装饰一个生成器函数，它将返回一个实现了必要的 :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` 和 " +":meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` 方法的上下文管理器，而不再是由未经装饰的生成器所产生的迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5038 +msgid "" +"Note that there is no specific slot for any of these methods in the type " +"structure for Python objects in the Python/C API. Extension types wanting to" +" define these methods must provide them as a normal Python accessible " +"method. Compared to the overhead of setting up the runtime context, the " +"overhead of a single class dictionary lookup is negligible." +msgstr "" +"请注意，Python/C API 中 Python 对象的类型结构中并没有针对这些方法的专门槽位。 想要定义这些方法的扩展类型必须将它们作为普通的 " +"Python 可访问方法来提供。 与设置运行时上下文的开销相比，单个类字典查找的开销可以忽略不计。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5046 +msgid "" +"Type Annotation Types --- :ref:`Generic Alias `, " +":ref:`Union `" +msgstr "" +"类型注解的类型 --- :ref:`Generic Alias ` 、 :ref:`Union `" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5051 +msgid "" +"The core built-in types for :term:`type annotations ` are " +":ref:`Generic Alias ` and :ref:`Union `." +msgstr "" +":term:`type annotations ` 的内置类型为 :ref:`Generic Alias` 和 :ref:`Union`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5058 +msgid "Generic Alias Type" +msgstr "GenericAlias 类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5064 +msgid "" +"``GenericAlias`` objects are generally created by :ref:`subscripting " +"` a class. They are most often used with :ref:`container " +"classes `, such as :class:`list` or :class:`dict`. For " +"example, ``list[int]`` is a ``GenericAlias`` object created by subscripting " +"the ``list`` class with the argument :class:`int`. ``GenericAlias`` objects " +"are intended primarily for use with :term:`type annotations `." +msgstr "" +"``GenericAlias`` 对象通常是通过 :ref:`抽取 ` 一个类来创建的。 它们最常被用于 " +":ref:`容器类 `，如 :class:`list` 或 :class:`dict`。 " +"举例来说，``list[int]`` 这个 ``GenericAlias`` 对象是通过附带 :class:`int` 参数抽取 ``list`` " +"类来创建的。 ``GenericAlias`` 对象的主要目的是用于 :term:`类型标注 `。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5074 +msgid "" +"It is generally only possible to subscript a class if the class implements " +"the special method :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`." +msgstr "通常一个类只有在实现了特殊方法 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 时才支持抽取操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5077 +msgid "" +"A ``GenericAlias`` object acts as a proxy for a :term:`generic type`, " +"implementing *parameterized generics*." +msgstr "``GenericAlias`` 对象可作为 :term:`generic type` 的代理，实现了 *形参化泛型*。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5080 +msgid "" +"For a container class, the argument(s) supplied to a :ref:`subscription " +"` of the class may indicate the type(s) of the elements an " +"object contains. For example, ``set[bytes]`` can be used in type annotations" +" to signify a :class:`set` in which all the elements are of type " +":class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +"对于一个容器类，提供给类的 :ref:`抽取 ` 操作的参数可以指明对象所包含的元素类型。 " +"例如，``set[bytes]`` 可在类型标注中用来表示一个 :class:`set` 中的所有元素均为 :class:`bytes` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5086 +msgid "" +"For a class which defines :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` but is not a " +"container, the argument(s) supplied to a subscription of the class will " +"often indicate the return type(s) of one or more methods defined on an " +"object. For example, :mod:`regular expressions ` can be used on both the" +" :class:`str` data type and the :class:`bytes` data type:" +msgstr "" +"对于一个定义了 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` " +"但不属于容器的类，提供给类的抽取操作的参数往往会指明在对象上定义的一个或多个方法的返回值类型。 例如，:mod:`正则表达式 ` 可以被用在 " +":class:`str` 数据类型和 :class:`bytes` 数据类型上:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5092 +msgid "" +"If ``x = re.search('foo', 'foo')``, ``x`` will be a :ref:`re.Match ` object where the return values of ``x.group(0)`` and ``x[0]`` will" +" both be of type :class:`str`. We can represent this kind of object in type " +"annotations with the ``GenericAlias`` ``re.Match[str]``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``x = re.search('foo', 'foo')``，则 ``x`` 将为一个 :ref:`re.Match ` 对象而 ``x.group(0)`` 和 ``x[0]`` 的返回值将均为 :class:`str` 类型。 " +"我们可以在类型标注中使用 ``GenericAlias`` ``re.Match[str]`` 来代表这种对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5098 +msgid "" +"If ``y = re.search(b'bar', b'bar')``, (note the ``b`` for :class:`bytes`), " +"``y`` will also be an instance of ``re.Match``, but the return values of " +"``y.group(0)`` and ``y[0]`` will both be of type :class:`bytes`. In type " +"annotations, we would represent this variety of :ref:`re.Match ` objects with ``re.Match[bytes]``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``y = re.search(b'bar', b'bar')``，(注意 ``b`` 表示 :class:`bytes`)，则 ``y`` " +"也将为一个 ``re.Match`` 的实例，但 ``y.group(0)`` 和 ``y[0]`` 的返回值将均为 :class:`bytes` " +"类型。 在类型标注中，我们将使用 ``re.Match[bytes]`` 来代表这种形式的 :ref:`re.Match ` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5104 +msgid "" +"``GenericAlias`` objects are instances of the class " +":class:`types.GenericAlias`, which can also be used to create " +"``GenericAlias`` objects directly." +msgstr "" +"``GenericAlias`` 对象是 :class:`types.GenericAlias` 类的实例，该类也可被用来直接创建 " +"``GenericAlias`` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5110 +msgid "" +"Creates a ``GenericAlias`` representing a type ``T`` parameterized by types " +"*X*, *Y*, and more depending on the ``T`` used. For example, a function " +"expecting a :class:`list` containing :class:`float` elements::" +msgstr "" +"创建一个代表由类型 *X*, *Y* 来参数化的类型 ``T`` 的 ``GenericAlias``，此类型会更依赖于所使用的 ``T``。 " +"例如，一个接受包含 :class:`float` 元素的 :class:`list` 的函数::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5115 +msgid "" +"def average(values: list[float]) -> float:\n" +" return sum(values) / len(values)" +msgstr "" +"def average(values: list[float]) -> float:\n" +" return sum(values) / len(values)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5118 +msgid "" +"Another example for :term:`mapping` objects, using a :class:`dict`, which is" +" a generic type expecting two type parameters representing the key type and " +"the value type. In this example, the function expects a ``dict`` with keys " +"of type :class:`str` and values of type :class:`int`::" +msgstr "" +"另一个例子是关于 :term:`mapping` 对象的，用到了 " +":class:`dict`，泛型的两个类型参数分别代表了键类型和值类型。本例中的函数需要一个 ``dict``，其键的类型为 " +":class:`str`，值的类型为 :class:`int`:。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5123 +msgid "" +"def send_post_request(url: str, body: dict[str, int]) -> None:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def send_post_request(url: str, body: dict[str, int]) -> None:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5126 +msgid "" +"The builtin functions :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` do not " +"accept ``GenericAlias`` types for their second argument::" +msgstr "" +"内置函数 :func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass` 不接受第二个参数为 ``GenericAlias`` 类型：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5129 +msgid "" +">>> isinstance([1, 2], list[str])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: isinstance() argument 2 cannot be a parameterized generic" +msgstr "" +">>> isinstance([1, 2], list[str])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: isinstance() argument 2 cannot be a parameterized generic" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5134 +msgid "" +"The Python runtime does not enforce :term:`type annotations `. " +"This extends to generic types and their type parameters. When creating a " +"container object from a ``GenericAlias``, the elements in the container are " +"not checked against their type. For example, the following code is " +"discouraged, but will run without errors::" +msgstr "" +"Python 运行时不会强制执行 :term:`类型标注 `。 这种行为扩展到了泛型及其类型形参。 当由 " +"``GenericAlias`` 创建容器对象时，并不会检查容器中为元素指定的类型。 例如，以下代码虽然不被鼓励，但运行时并不会报错::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5140 +msgid "" +">>> t = list[str]\n" +">>> t([1, 2, 3])\n" +"[1, 2, 3]" +msgstr "" +">>> t = list[str]\n" +">>> t([1, 2, 3])\n" +"[1, 2, 3]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5144 +msgid "" +"Furthermore, parameterized generics erase type parameters during object " +"creation::" +msgstr "不仅如此，在创建对象的过程中，应用了参数后的泛型还会抹除类型参数：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5147 +msgid "" +">>> t = list[str]\n" +">>> type(t)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> l = t()\n" +">>> type(l)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> t = list[str]\n" +">>> type(t)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> l = t()\n" +">>> type(l)\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5155 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`repr` or :func:`str` on a generic shows the parameterized " +"type::" +msgstr "在泛型上调用 :func:`repr` 或 :func:`str` 会显示应用参数之后的类型：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5157 +msgid "" +">>> repr(list[int])\n" +"'list[int]'\n" +"\n" +">>> str(list[int])\n" +"'list[int]'" +msgstr "" +">>> repr(list[int])\n" +"'list[int]'\n" +"\n" +">>> str(list[int])\n" +"'list[int]'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5163 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method of generic containers will raise an " +"exception to disallow mistakes like ``dict[str][str]``::" +msgstr "" +"调用泛型容器的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法将引发异常以防出现 ``dict[str][str]`` 之类的错误::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5166 +msgid "" +">>> dict[str][str]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: dict[str] is not a generic class" +msgstr "" +">>> dict[str][str]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: dict[str] is not a generic class" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5171 +msgid "" +"However, such expressions are valid when :ref:`type variables ` " +"are used. The index must have as many elements as there are type variable " +"items in the ``GenericAlias`` object's :attr:`~genericalias.__args__`. ::" +msgstr "" +"不过，当使用了 :ref:`类型变量 ` 时这种表达式是无效的。 索引必须有与 ``GenericAlias`` 对象的 " +":attr:`~genericalias.__args__` 中的类型变量条目数量相当的元素。 ::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5175 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import TypeVar\n" +">>> Y = TypeVar('Y')\n" +">>> dict[str, Y][int]\n" +"dict[str, int]" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import TypeVar\n" +">>> Y = TypeVar('Y')\n" +">>> dict[str, Y][int]\n" +"dict[str, int]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5182 +msgid "Standard Generic Classes" +msgstr "标准泛型类" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5184 +msgid "" +"The following standard library classes support parameterized generics. This " +"list is non-exhaustive." +msgstr "下列标准库类支持形参化的泛型。 此列表并不是详尽无遗的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5187 +msgid ":class:`tuple`" +msgstr ":class:`tuple`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5188 +msgid ":class:`list`" +msgstr ":class:`list`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5189 +msgid ":class:`dict`" +msgstr ":class:`dict`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5190 +msgid ":class:`set`" +msgstr ":class:`set`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5191 +msgid ":class:`frozenset`" +msgstr ":class:`frozenset`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5192 +msgid ":class:`type`" +msgstr ":class:`type`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5193 +msgid ":class:`asyncio.Future`" +msgstr ":class:`asyncio.Future`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5194 +msgid ":class:`asyncio.Task`" +msgstr ":class:`asyncio.Task`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5195 +msgid ":class:`collections.deque`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.deque`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5196 +msgid ":class:`collections.defaultdict`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.defaultdict`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5197 +msgid ":class:`collections.OrderedDict`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.OrderedDict`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5198 +msgid ":class:`collections.Counter`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.Counter`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5199 +msgid ":class:`collections.ChainMap`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.ChainMap`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5200 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Awaitable`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Awaitable`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5201 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5202 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5203 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5204 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5205 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Iterable`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Iterable`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5206 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Iterator`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Iterator`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5207 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Generator`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Generator`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5208 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Reversible`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Reversible`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5209 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Container`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Container`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5210 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Collection`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Collection`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5211 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Callable`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Callable`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5212 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Set`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Set`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5213 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSet`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSet`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5214 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Mapping`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Mapping`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5215 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5216 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Sequence`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Sequence`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5217 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5218 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.ByteString`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.ByteString`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5219 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.MappingView`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MappingView`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5220 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.KeysView`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.KeysView`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5221 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.ItemsView`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.ItemsView`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5222 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.ValuesView`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.ValuesView`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5223 +msgid ":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager`" +msgstr ":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5224 +msgid ":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager`" +msgstr ":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5225 +msgid ":class:`dataclasses.Field`" +msgstr ":class:`dataclasses.Field`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5226 +msgid ":class:`functools.cached_property`" +msgstr ":class:`functools.cached_property`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5227 +msgid ":class:`functools.partialmethod`" +msgstr ":class:`functools.partialmethod`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5228 +msgid ":class:`os.PathLike`" +msgstr ":class:`os.PathLike`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5229 +msgid ":class:`queue.LifoQueue`" +msgstr ":class:`queue.LifoQueue`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5230 +msgid ":class:`queue.Queue`" +msgstr ":class:`queue.Queue`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5231 +msgid ":class:`queue.PriorityQueue`" +msgstr ":class:`queue.PriorityQueue`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5232 +msgid ":class:`queue.SimpleQueue`" +msgstr ":class:`queue.SimpleQueue`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5233 +msgid ":ref:`re.Pattern `" +msgstr ":ref:`re.Pattern `" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5234 +msgid ":ref:`re.Match `" +msgstr ":ref:`re.Match `" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5235 +msgid ":class:`shelve.BsdDbShelf`" +msgstr ":class:`shelve.BsdDbShelf`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5236 +msgid ":class:`shelve.DbfilenameShelf`" +msgstr ":class:`shelve.DbfilenameShelf`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5237 +msgid ":class:`shelve.Shelf`" +msgstr ":class:`shelve.Shelf`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5238 +msgid ":class:`types.MappingProxyType`" +msgstr ":class:`types.MappingProxyType`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5239 +msgid ":class:`weakref.WeakKeyDictionary`" +msgstr ":class:`weakref.WeakKeyDictionary`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5240 +msgid ":class:`weakref.WeakMethod`" +msgstr ":class:`weakref.WeakMethod`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5241 +msgid ":class:`weakref.WeakSet`" +msgstr ":class:`weakref.WeakSet`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5242 +msgid ":class:`weakref.WeakValueDictionary`" +msgstr ":class:`weakref.WeakValueDictionary`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5247 +msgid "Special Attributes of ``GenericAlias`` objects" +msgstr "``GenericAlias`` 对象的特殊属性" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5249 +msgid "All parameterized generics implement special read-only attributes." +msgstr "应用参数后的泛型都实现了一些特殊的只读属性：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5253 +msgid "This attribute points at the non-parameterized generic class::" +msgstr "本属性指向未应用参数之前的泛型类：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5255 +msgid "" +">>> list[int].__origin__\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> list[int].__origin__\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5261 +msgid "" +"This attribute is a :class:`tuple` (possibly of length 1) of generic types " +"passed to the original :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` of the generic " +"class::" +msgstr "" +"该属性是传给泛型类的原始 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 的泛型所组成的 :class:`tuple` (长度可能为" +" 1)::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5265 +msgid "" +">>> dict[str, list[int]].__args__\n" +"(, list[int])" +msgstr "" +">>> dict[str, list[int]].__args__\n" +"(, list[int])" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5271 +msgid "" +"This attribute is a lazily computed tuple (possibly empty) of unique type " +"variables found in ``__args__``::" +msgstr "该属性是延迟计算出来的一个元组（可能为空），包含了 ``__args__`` 中的类型变量。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5274 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +">>> T = TypeVar('T')\n" +">>> list[T].__parameters__\n" +"(~T,)" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +">>> T = TypeVar('T')\n" +">>> list[T].__parameters__\n" +"(~T,)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5282 +msgid "" +"A ``GenericAlias`` object with :class:`typing.ParamSpec` parameters may not " +"have correct ``__parameters__`` after substitution because " +":class:`typing.ParamSpec` is intended primarily for static type checking." +msgstr "" +"带有参数 :class:`typing.ParamSpec` 的 ``GenericAlias`` 对象，在类型替换后其 " +"``__parameters__`` 可能会不准确，因为 :class:`typing.ParamSpec` 主要用于静态类型检查。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5289 +msgid "" +"A boolean that is true if the alias has been unpacked using the ``*`` " +"operator (see :data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple`)." +msgstr "一个布尔值，如果别名已使用 ``*`` 运算符进行解包则为真值 (参见 :data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple`)。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5297 +msgid ":pep:`484` - Type Hints" +msgstr ":pep:`484` —— 类型注解" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5298 +msgid "Introducing Python's framework for type annotations." +msgstr "介绍 Python 中用于类型标注的框架。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5300 +msgid ":pep:`585` - Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collections" +msgstr ":pep:`585` - 标准多项集中的类型提示泛型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5301 +msgid "" +"Introducing the ability to natively parameterize standard-library classes, " +"provided they implement the special class method " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`." +msgstr "介绍了对标准库类进行原生形参化的能力，只要它们实现了特殊的类方法 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5305 +msgid "" +":ref:`Generics`, :ref:`user-defined generics ` and " +":class:`typing.Generic`" +msgstr "" +":ref:`Generics`, :ref:`用户自定义泛型 ` 和 " +":class:`typing.Generic`" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5306 +msgid "" +"Documentation on how to implement generic classes that can be parameterized " +"at runtime and understood by static type-checkers." +msgstr "有关如何实现可在运行时被形参化并能被静态类型检查器所识别的泛用类的文档。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5315 +msgid "Union Type" +msgstr "union 类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5321 +msgid "" +"A union object holds the value of the ``|`` (bitwise or) operation on " +"multiple :ref:`type objects `. These types are intended" +" primarily for :term:`type annotations `. The union type " +"expression enables cleaner type hinting syntax compared to " +":data:`typing.Union`." +msgstr "" +"联合对象包含了在多个 :ref:`类型对象 ` 上执行 ``|`` (按位或) 运算后的值。 这些类型主要用于 " +":term:`类型标注 `。与 :data:`typing.Union` 相比，联合类型表达式可以实现更简洁的类型提示语法。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5328 +msgid "" +"Defines a union object which holds types *X*, *Y*, and so forth. ``X | Y`` " +"means either X or Y. It is equivalent to ``typing.Union[X, Y]``. For " +"example, the following function expects an argument of type :class:`int` or " +":class:`float`::" +msgstr "" +"定义包含了 *X*、*Y* 等类型的 union 对象。 ``X | Y`` 表示 X 或 Y。相当于 ``typing.Union[X, Y]`` " +"。比如以下函数的参数应为类型 :class:`int` 或 :class:`float` ：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5333 +msgid "" +"def square(number: int | float) -> int | float:\n" +" return number ** 2" +msgstr "" +"def square(number: int | float) -> int | float:\n" +" return number ** 2" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5338 +msgid "" +"The ``|`` operand cannot be used at runtime to define unions where one or " +"more members is a forward reference. For example, ``int | \"Foo\"``, where " +"``\"Foo\"`` is a reference to a class not yet defined, will fail at runtime." +" For unions which include forward references, present the whole expression " +"as a string, e.g. ``\"int | Foo\"``." +msgstr "" +"不可在运行时使用 ``|`` 操作数来定义有一个或多个成员为前向引用的并集。 例如，``int | \"Foo\"``，其中 ``\"Foo\"`` " +"是指向某个尚未定义的类的引用，在运行时将会失败。 对于包括前向引用的并集，请将整个表达式用字符串来表示，例如 ``\"int | Foo\"``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5346 +msgid "" +"Union objects can be tested for equality with other union objects. Details:" +msgstr "union 对象可与其他 union 对象进行比较。详细结果如下：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5348 +msgid "Unions of unions are flattened::" +msgstr "多次组合的结果会平推：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5350 +msgid "(int | str) | float == int | str | float" +msgstr "(int | str) | float == int | str | float" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5352 +msgid "Redundant types are removed::" +msgstr "冗余的类型会被删除：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5354 +msgid "int | str | int == int | str" +msgstr "int | str | int == int | str" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5356 +msgid "When comparing unions, the order is ignored::" +msgstr "在相互比较时，会忽略顺序：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5358 +msgid "int | str == str | int" +msgstr "int | str == str | int" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5360 +msgid "It is compatible with :data:`typing.Union`::" +msgstr "与 :data:`typing.union` 兼容：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5362 +msgid "int | str == typing.Union[int, str]" +msgstr "int | str == typing.Union[int, str]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5364 +msgid "Optional types can be spelled as a union with ``None``::" +msgstr "Optional 类型可表示为与 ``None`` 的组合。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5366 +msgid "str | None == typing.Optional[str]" +msgstr "str | None == typing.Optional[str]" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5371 +msgid "" +"Calls to :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` are also supported with a" +" union object::" +msgstr ":func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass` 也支持 union 对象：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5374 +msgid "" +">>> isinstance(\"\", int | str)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> isinstance(\"\", int | str)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5377 +msgid "" +"However, :ref:`parameterized generics ` in union objects" +" cannot be checked::" +msgstr "但是联合对象中的 :ref:`参数化泛型 ` 将无法被检测::" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5380 +msgid "" +">>> isinstance(1, int | list[int]) # short-circuit evaluation\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance([1], int | list[int])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: isinstance() argument 2 cannot be a parameterized generic" +msgstr "" +">>> isinstance(1, int | list[int]) # 短路求值\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance([1], int | list[int])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: isinstance() argument 2 cannot be a parameterized generic" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5387 +msgid "" +"The user-exposed type for the union object can be accessed from " +":data:`types.UnionType` and used for :func:`isinstance` checks. An object " +"cannot be instantiated from the type::" +msgstr "" +"union 对象构成的用户类型可以经由 :data:`types.UnionType` 访问，并可用于 :func:`isinstance` 检查。 " +"而不能由类型直接实例化为对象：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5391 +msgid "" +">>> import types\n" +">>> isinstance(int | str, types.UnionType)\n" +"True\n" +">>> types.UnionType()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: cannot create 'types.UnionType' instances" +msgstr "" +">>> import types\n" +">>> isinstance(int | str, types.UnionType)\n" +"True\n" +">>> types.UnionType()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: cannot create 'types.UnionType' instances" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5400 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!__or__` method for type objects was added to support the syntax " +"``X | Y``. If a metaclass implements :meth:`!__or__`, the Union may " +"override it:" +msgstr "" +"为了支持 ``X | Y`` 语法，类型对象加入了 :meth:`!__or__` 方法。 如果一个元类实现了 " +":meth:`!__or__`，Union 可以重载它：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5404 +msgid "" +">>> class M(type):\n" +"... def __or__(self, other):\n" +"... return \"Hello\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> class C(metaclass=M):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C | int\n" +"'Hello'\n" +">>> int | C\n" +"int | C" +msgstr "" +">>> class M(type):\n" +"... def __or__(self, other):\n" +"... return \"Hello\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> class C(metaclass=M):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C | int\n" +"'Hello'\n" +">>> int | C\n" +"int | C" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5420 +msgid ":pep:`604` -- PEP proposing the ``X | Y`` syntax and the Union type." +msgstr ":pep:`604` —— 提出了 ``X | Y`` 语法和 union 类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5428 +msgid "Other Built-in Types" +msgstr "其他内置类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5430 +msgid "" +"The interpreter supports several other kinds of objects. Most of these " +"support only one or two operations." +msgstr "解释器支持一些其他种类的对象。 这些对象大都仅支持一两种操作。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5437 +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "模块" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5439 +msgid "" +"The only special operation on a module is attribute access: ``m.name``, " +"where *m* is a module and *name* accesses a name defined in *m*'s symbol " +"table. Module attributes can be assigned to. (Note that the " +":keyword:`import` statement is not, strictly speaking, an operation on a " +"module object; ``import foo`` does not require a module object named *foo* " +"to exist, rather it requires an (external) *definition* for a module named " +"*foo* somewhere.)" +msgstr "" +"模块唯一的特殊操作是属性访问: ``m.name``，这里 *m* 为一个模块而 *name* 访问定义在 *m* 的符号表中的一个名称。 " +"模块属性可以被赋值。 （请注意 :keyword:`import` 语句严格来说也是对模块对象的一种操作；``import foo`` " +"不要求存在一个名为 *foo* 的模块对象，而是要求存在一个对于名为 *foo* 的模块的 (永久性) *定义*。）" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5446 +msgid "" +"A special attribute of every module is :attr:`~object.__dict__`. This is the" +" dictionary containing the module's symbol table. Modifying this dictionary " +"will actually change the module's symbol table, but direct assignment to the" +" :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute is not possible (you can write " +"``m.__dict__['a'] = 1``, which defines ``m.a`` to be ``1``, but you can't " +"write ``m.__dict__ = {}``). Modifying :attr:`~object.__dict__` directly is " +"not recommended." +msgstr "" +"每个模块都有一个特殊属性 :attr:`~object.__dict__`。 这是包含模块的符号表的字典。 " +"修改此字典将实际改变模块的符号表，但是无法直接对 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 赋值 (你可以写 ``m.__dict__['a']" +" = 1``，这会将 ``m.a`` 定义为 ``1``，但是你不能写 ``m.__dict__ = {}``)。 不建议直接修改 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5454 +msgid "" +"Modules built into the interpreter are written like this: ````. If loaded from a file, they are written as ````." +msgstr "" +"内置于解释器中的模块会写成这样: ````。 如果是从一个文件加载，则会写成 ````。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5462 +msgid "Classes and Class Instances" +msgstr "类与类实例" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5464 +msgid "See :ref:`objects` and :ref:`class` for these." +msgstr "关于这些类型请参阅 :ref:`objects` 和 :ref:`class`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5470 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5472 +msgid "" +"Function objects are created by function definitions. The only operation on" +" a function object is to call it: ``func(argument-list)``." +msgstr "函数对象是通过函数定义创建的。 对函数对象的唯一操作是调用它: ``func(argument-list)``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5475 +msgid "" +"There are really two flavors of function objects: built-in functions and " +"user-defined functions. Both support the same operation (to call the " +"function), but the implementation is different, hence the different object " +"types." +msgstr "实际上存在两种不同的函数对象：内置函数和用户自定义函数。 两者支持同样的操作（调用函数），但实现方式不同，因此对象类型也不同。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5479 +msgid "See :ref:`function` for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 :ref:`function`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5485 +msgid "Methods" +msgstr "方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5489 +msgid "" +"Methods are functions that are called using the attribute notation. There " +"are two flavors: :ref:`built-in methods ` (such as " +":meth:`append` on lists) and :ref:`class instance method `. Built-in methods are described with the types that support them." +msgstr "" +"方法是使用属性表示法来调用的函数。 存在两种形式: :ref:`内置方法 ` (如列表的 " +":meth:`append`) 和 :ref:`类实例方法 `。 内置方法由支持它们的类型来描述。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5494 +msgid "" +"If you access a method (a function defined in a class namespace) through an " +"instance, you get a special object: a :dfn:`bound method` (also called " +":ref:`instance method `) object. When called, it will add " +"the ``self`` argument to the argument list. Bound methods have two special " +"read-only attributes: :attr:`m.__self__ ` is the object on " +"which the method operates, and :attr:`m.__func__ ` is the " +"function implementing the method. Calling ``m(arg-1, arg-2, ..., arg-n)`` " +"is completely equivalent to calling ``m.__func__(m.__self__, arg-1, arg-2, " +"..., arg-n)``." +msgstr "" +"如果你通过一个实例来访问方法（即定义在类命名空间内的函数），你会得到一个特殊对象: :dfn:`绑定方法` (或称 :ref:`实例方法 " +"`) 对象。 当被调用时，它会将 ``self`` 参数添加到参数列表。 绑定方法具有两个特殊的只读属性: " +":attr:`m.__self__ ` 操作该方法的对象，而 :attr:`m.__func__ " +"` 是实现该方法的函数。 调用 ``m(arg-1, arg-2, ..., arg-n)`` 完全等价于调用 " +"``m.__func__(m.__self__, arg-1, arg-2, ..., arg-n)``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5505 +msgid "" +"Like :ref:`function objects `, bound method objects " +"support getting arbitrary attributes. However, since method attributes are " +"actually stored on the underlying function object (:attr:`method.__func__`)," +" setting method attributes on bound methods is disallowed. Attempting to " +"set an attribute on a method results in an :exc:`AttributeError` being " +"raised. In order to set a method attribute, you need to explicitly set it " +"on the underlying function object:" +msgstr "" +"与 :ref:`函数对象 ` 类似，绑定方法对象也支持获取任意属性。 " +"但是，由于方法属性实际上保存于下层的函数对象中 (:attr:`method.__func__`)，因此不允许设置绑定方法的方法属性。 " +"尝试设置方法的属性将会导致引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。 想要设置方法属性，你必须在下层的函数对象中显式地设置它。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5513 +msgid "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... def method(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> c.method.whoami = 'my name is method' # can't set on the method\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"AttributeError: 'method' object has no attribute 'whoami'\n" +">>> c.method.__func__.whoami = 'my name is method'\n" +">>> c.method.whoami\n" +"'my name is method'" +msgstr "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... def method(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> c.method.whoami = 'my name is method' # can't set on the method\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"AttributeError: 'method' object has no attribute 'whoami'\n" +">>> c.method.__func__.whoami = 'my name is method'\n" +">>> c.method.whoami\n" +"'my name is method'" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5528 +msgid "See :ref:`instance-methods` for more information." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`instance-methods` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5536 +msgid "Code Objects" +msgstr "代码对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5542 +msgid "" +"Code objects are used by the implementation to represent \"pseudo-compiled\"" +" executable Python code such as a function body. They differ from function " +"objects because they don't contain a reference to their global execution " +"environment. Code objects are returned by the built-in :func:`compile` " +"function and can be extracted from function objects through their " +":attr:`~function.__code__` attribute. See also the :mod:`code` module." +msgstr "" +"代码对象被具体实现用来表示“伪编译”的可执行 Python 代码例如一个函数体。 它们不同于函数对象，因为它们不包含对其全局执行环境的引用。 " +"代码对象由内置的 :func:`compile` 函数返回，并可通过函数对象的 :attr:`~function.__code__` 属性来提取。 " +"另请参阅 :mod:`code` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5549 +msgid "" +"Accessing :attr:`~function.__code__` raises an :ref:`auditing event " +"` ``object.__getattr__`` with arguments ``obj`` and " +"``\"__code__\"``." +msgstr "" +"访问 :attr:`~function.__code__` 会引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` " +"``object.__getattr__``，并附带参数 ``obj`` 和 ``\"__code__\"``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5556 +msgid "" +"A code object can be executed or evaluated by passing it (instead of a " +"source string) to the :func:`exec` or :func:`eval` built-in functions." +msgstr "可以通过将代码对象（而非源码字符串）传给 :func:`exec` 或 :func:`eval` 内置函数来执行或求值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5559 +msgid "See :ref:`types` for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 :ref:`types`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5565 +msgid "Type Objects" +msgstr "类型对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5571 +msgid "" +"Type objects represent the various object types. An object's type is " +"accessed by the built-in function :func:`type`. There are no special " +"operations on types. The standard module :mod:`types` defines names for all" +" standard built-in types." +msgstr "" +"类型对象表示各种对象类型。 对象的类型可通过内置函数 :func:`type` 来获取。 类型没有特殊的操作。 标准库模块 :mod:`types` " +"定义了所有标准内置类型的名称。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5576 +msgid "Types are written like this: ````." +msgstr "类型以这样的写法来表示: ````。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5582 +msgid "The Null Object" +msgstr "空对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5584 +msgid "" +"This object is returned by functions that don't explicitly return a value. " +"It supports no special operations. There is exactly one null object, named " +"``None`` (a built-in name). ``type(None)()`` produces the same singleton." +msgstr "" +"此对象会由不显式地返回值的函数所返回。 它不支持任何特殊的操作。 空对象只有一种值 ``None`` (这是个内置名称)。 " +"``type(None)()`` 会生成同一个单例。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5588 +msgid "It is written as ``None``." +msgstr "该对象的写法为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5595 +msgid "The Ellipsis Object" +msgstr "省略符对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5597 +msgid "" +"This object is commonly used by slicing (see :ref:`slicings`). It supports " +"no special operations. There is exactly one ellipsis object, named " +":const:`Ellipsis` (a built-in name). ``type(Ellipsis)()`` produces the " +":const:`Ellipsis` singleton." +msgstr "" +"此对象常被用于切片 (参见 :ref:`slicings`)。 它不支持任何特殊的操作。 省略符对象只有一种值 :const:`Ellipsis` " +"(这是个内置名称)。 ``type(Ellipsis)()`` 会生成 :const:`Ellipsis` 单例。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5602 +msgid "It is written as ``Ellipsis`` or ``...``." +msgstr "该对象的写法为 ``Ellipsis`` 或 ``...``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5608 +msgid "The NotImplemented Object" +msgstr "未实现对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5610 +msgid "" +"This object is returned from comparisons and binary operations when they are" +" asked to operate on types they don't support. See :ref:`comparisons` for " +"more information. There is exactly one :data:`NotImplemented` object. " +":code:`type(NotImplemented)()` produces the singleton instance." +msgstr "" +"此对象会被作为比较和二元运算被应用于它们所不支持的类型时的返回值。 请参阅 :ref:`comparisons` 了解更多信息。 未实现对象只有一种值 " +":data:`NotImplemented`。 :code:`type(NotImplemented)()` 会生成这个单例。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5615 +msgid "It is written as :code:`NotImplemented`." +msgstr "其写法为 :code:`NotImplemented`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5621 +msgid "Internal Objects" +msgstr "内部对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5623 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`types` for this information. It describes :ref:`stack frame " +"objects `, :ref:`traceback objects `, and " +"slice objects." +msgstr "" +"相关信息请参阅 :ref:`types`。 其中描述了 :ref:`栈帧对象 `, :ref:`回溯对象 " +"` 以及切片对象等。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5631 +msgid "Special Attributes" +msgstr "特殊属性" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5633 +msgid "" +"The implementation adds a few special read-only attributes to several object" +" types, where they are relevant. Some of these are not reported by the " +":func:`dir` built-in function." +msgstr "语言实现为部分对象类型添加了一些特殊的只读属性，它们具有各自的作用。 其中一些并不会被 :func:`dir` 内置函数所列出。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5640 +msgid "" +"The name of the class, function, method, descriptor, or generator instance." +msgstr "类、函数、方法、描述器或生成器实例的名称。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5646 +msgid "" +"The :term:`qualified name` of the class, function, method, descriptor, or " +"generator instance." +msgstr "类、函数、方法、描述器或生成器实例的 :term:`qualified name`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5654 +msgid "The name of the module in which a class or function was defined." +msgstr "类或函数定义所在的模块的名称。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5659 +msgid "" +"The documentation string of a class or function, or ``None`` if undefined." +msgstr "类或函数的文档字符串，如果未定义则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5664 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`type parameters ` of generic classes, functions, and " +":ref:`type aliases `. For classes and functions that are not " +"generic, this will be an empty tuple." +msgstr "" +"泛型类、函数和 :ref:`类型别名 ` 的 :ref:`类型形参 `。 " +"对于非泛型类和函数，这将为空元组。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5674 +msgid "Integer string conversion length limitation" +msgstr "整数字符串转换长度限制" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5676 +msgid "" +"CPython has a global limit for converting between :class:`int` and " +":class:`str` to mitigate denial of service attacks. This limit *only* " +"applies to decimal or other non-power-of-two number bases. Hexadecimal, " +"octal, and binary conversions are unlimited. The limit can be configured." +msgstr "" +"CPython 对于 :class:`int` 和 :class:`str` 之间的转换有一个全局限制以缓解拒绝服务攻击。 此限制 *仅会* " +"作用于十进制或其他以非二的乘方为基数的数字。 十六进制、八进制和二进制转换不受限制。 该限制可以被配置。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5681 +msgid "" +"The :class:`int` type in CPython is an arbitrary length number stored in " +"binary form (commonly known as a \"bignum\"). There exists no algorithm that" +" can convert a string to a binary integer or a binary integer to a string in" +" linear time, *unless* the base is a power of 2. Even the best known " +"algorithms for base 10 have sub-quadratic complexity. Converting a large " +"value such as ``int('1' * 500_000)`` can take over a second on a fast CPU." +msgstr "" +":class:`int` 类型在 CPython 中是存储为二进制形式的任意长度的数字（通常称为“大数字”）。 " +"不存在可在线性时间内将一个字符串转换为二进制整数或将一个二进制整数转换为字符串的算法，*除非* 基数为 2 的乘方。 对于基数为 10 " +"来说已知最好的算法也有亚二次方复杂度。 转换一个大数值如 ``int('1' * 500_000)`` 在快速的 CPU 上也会花费一秒以上的时间。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5688 +msgid "" +"Limiting conversion size offers a practical way to avoid :cve:`2020-10735`." +msgstr "限制转换大小是一项避免 :cve:`2020-10735` 的务实解决方式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5690 +msgid "" +"The limit is applied to the number of digit characters in the input or " +"output string when a non-linear conversion algorithm would be involved. " +"Underscores and the sign are not counted towards the limit." +msgstr "此限制会在可能涉及非线性转换算法时作用于输入或输出字符串中的数字型字符数量。 下划线和正负号不计入限制数量。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5694 +msgid "" +"When an operation would exceed the limit, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised:" +msgstr "当一个操作会超出限制时，将引发 :exc:`ValueError`:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5696 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.set_int_max_str_digits(4300) # Illustrative, this is the default.\n" +">>> _ = int('2' * 5432)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Exceeds the limit (4300 digits) for integer string conversion: value has 5432 digits; use sys.set_int_max_str_digits() to increase the limit\n" +">>> i = int('2' * 4300)\n" +">>> len(str(i))\n" +"4300\n" +">>> i_squared = i*i\n" +">>> len(str(i_squared))\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Exceeds the limit (4300 digits) for integer string conversion; use sys.set_int_max_str_digits() to increase the limit\n" +">>> len(hex(i_squared))\n" +"7144\n" +">>> assert int(hex(i_squared), base=16) == i*i # Hexadecimal is unlimited." +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.set_int_max_str_digits(4300) # 含义如名称所示，这是默认值。\n" +">>> _ = int('2' * 5432)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Exceeds the limit (4300 digits) for integer string conversion: value has 5432 digits; use sys.set_int_max_str_digits() to increase the limit\n" +">>> i = int('2' * 4300)\n" +">>> len(str(i))\n" +"4300\n" +">>> i_squared = i*i\n" +">>> len(str(i_squared))\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Exceeds the limit (4300 digits) for integer string conversion; use sys.set_int_max_str_digits() to increase the limit\n" +">>> len(hex(i_squared))\n" +"7144\n" +">>> assert int(hex(i_squared), base=16) == i*i # 十六进制数没有限制。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5716 +msgid "" +"The default limit is 4300 digits as provided in " +":data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits `. The lowest limit" +" that can be configured is 640 digits as provided in " +":data:`sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold `." +msgstr "" +"默认限制为 4300 位即 :data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits ` 的值。" +" 最低限制可被配置为 640 位即 :data:`sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5721 +msgid "Verification:" +msgstr "验证:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5723 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> assert sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits == 4300, sys.int_info\n" +">>> assert sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold == 640, sys.int_info\n" +">>> msg = int('578966293710682886880994035146873798396722250538762761564'\n" +"... '9252925514383915483333812743580549779436104706260696366600'\n" +"... '571186405732').to_bytes(53, 'big')\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> assert sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits == 4300, sys.int_info\n" +">>> assert sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold == 640, sys.int_info\n" +">>> msg = int('578966293710682886880994035146873798396722250538762761564'\n" +"... '9252925514383915483333812743580549779436104706260696366600'\n" +"... '571186405732').to_bytes(53, 'big')\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5736 +msgid "Affected APIs" +msgstr "受影响的 API" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5738 +msgid "" +"The limitation only applies to potentially slow conversions between " +":class:`int` and :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`:" +msgstr "此限制仅会作用于 :class:`int` 和 :class:`str` 和 :class:`bytes` 之间存在速度变慢可能的转换:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5741 +msgid "``int(string)`` with default base 10." +msgstr "``int(string)`` 默认以 10 为基数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5742 +msgid "``int(string, base)`` for all bases that are not a power of 2." +msgstr "``int(string, base)`` 用于所有不为 2 的乘方的基数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5743 +msgid "``str(integer)``." +msgstr "``str(integer)``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5744 +msgid "``repr(integer)``." +msgstr "``repr(integer)``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5745 +msgid "" +"any other string conversion to base 10, for example ``f\"{integer}\"``, " +"``\"{}\".format(integer)``, or ``b\"%d\" % integer``." +msgstr "" +"任何其他目标是以 10 为基数的字符串转换，例如 ``f\"{integer}\"``, ``\"{}\".format(integer)`` 或 " +"``b\"%d\" % integer``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5748 +msgid "The limitations do not apply to functions with a linear algorithm:" +msgstr "此限制不会作用于使用线性算法的函数:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5750 +msgid "``int(string, base)`` with base 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32." +msgstr "``int(string, base)`` 中 base 可以为 2, 4, 8, 16 或 32。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5751 +msgid ":func:`int.from_bytes` and :func:`int.to_bytes`." +msgstr ":func:`int.from_bytes` 和 :func:`int.to_bytes`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5752 +msgid ":func:`hex`, :func:`oct`, :func:`bin`." +msgstr ":func:`hex`, :func:`oct`, :func:`bin`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5753 +msgid ":ref:`formatspec` for hex, octal, and binary numbers." +msgstr ":ref:`formatspec` 用于十六进制、八进制和二进制数。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5754 +msgid ":class:`str` to :class:`float`." +msgstr ":class:`str` 至 :class:`float`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5755 +msgid ":class:`str` to :class:`decimal.Decimal`." +msgstr ":class:`str` 至 :class:`decimal.Decimal`。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5758 +msgid "Configuring the limit" +msgstr "配置限制值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5760 +msgid "" +"Before Python starts up you can use an environment variable or an " +"interpreter command line flag to configure the limit:" +msgstr "在 Python 启动之前你可以使用环境变量或解释器命令行旗标来配置限制值:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5763 +msgid "" +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS`, e.g. ``PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS=640 python3`` " +"to set the limit to 640 or ``PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS=0 python3`` to disable " +"the limitation." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS`，例如 ``PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS=640 python3`` " +"是将限制设为 640 而 ``PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS=0 python3`` 是禁用此限制。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5766 +msgid "" +":option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>`, e.g. ``python3 -X " +"int_max_str_digits=640``" +msgstr "" +":option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>`，例如 ``python3 -X " +"int_max_str_digits=640``" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5768 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.flags.int_max_str_digits` contains the value of " +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS` or :option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>`. If " +"both the env var and the ``-X`` option are set, the ``-X`` option takes " +"precedence. A value of *-1* indicates that both were unset, thus a value of " +":data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits` was used during initialization." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.flags.int_max_str_digits` 包含 :envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS` 或 " +":option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>` 的值。 如果环境变量和 ``-X`` 选项均有设置，则 ``-X`` " +"选项优先。 值为 *-1* 表示两者均未设置，因此会在初始化时使用 " +":data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5774 +msgid "" +"From code, you can inspect the current limit and set a new one using these " +":mod:`sys` APIs:" +msgstr "从代码中，你可以检查当前的限制并使用这些 :mod:`sys` API 来设置新值:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5777 +msgid "" +":func:`sys.get_int_max_str_digits` and :func:`sys.set_int_max_str_digits` " +"are a getter and setter for the interpreter-wide limit. Subinterpreters have" +" their own limit." +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.get_int_max_str_digits` 和 :func:`sys.set_int_max_str_digits` " +"是解释器级限制的读取器和设置器。 子解释器具有它们自己的限制。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5781 +msgid "" +"Information about the default and minimum can be found in " +":data:`sys.int_info`:" +msgstr "有关默认值和最小值的信息可在 :data:`sys.int_info` 中找到:" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5783 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits ` is the compiled-" +"in default limit." +msgstr ":data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits ` 是已编译的默认限制。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5785 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold ` is the lowest" +" accepted value for the limit (other than 0 which disables it)." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.int_info.str_digits_check_threshold ` " +"是该限制可接受的最低值（禁用该限制的 0 除外）。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5792 +msgid "" +"Setting a low limit *can* lead to problems. While rare, code exists that " +"contains integer constants in decimal in their source that exceed the " +"minimum threshold. A consequence of setting the limit is that Python source " +"code containing decimal integer literals longer than the limit will " +"encounter an error during parsing, usually at startup time or import time or" +" even at installation time - anytime an up to date ``.pyc`` does not already" +" exist for the code. A workaround for source that contains such large " +"constants is to convert them to ``0x`` hexadecimal form as it has no limit." +msgstr "" +"设置较低的限制值 *可能* 导致问题。 虽然不常见，但还是会有在其源代码中包含超出最小阈值的十进制整数常量的代码存在。 " +"设置此限制的一个后果将是包含比此限制长的十进制整数字面值的 Python 源代码将在解析期间遇到错误，通常是在启动时或导入时甚至是在安装时 —— " +"只要对于某个代码还不存在已更新的 ``.pyc`` 就会发生。 一种在包含此类大数值常量的源代码中绕过该问题的办法是将它们转换为不受限制的 ``0x``" +" 十六进制形式。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5801 +msgid "" +"Test your application thoroughly if you use a low limit. Ensure your tests " +"run with the limit set early via the environment or flag so that it applies " +"during startup and even during any installation step that may invoke Python " +"to precompile ``.py`` sources to ``.pyc`` files." +msgstr "" +"如果你使用了较低的限制则请要彻底地测试你的应用程序。 确保你的测试通过环境变量或旗标尽早设置该限制来运行以便在启动期间甚至是在可能唤起 Python " +"来将 ``.py`` 源文件预编译为 ``.pyc`` 文件的任何安装步骤其间应用该限制。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5807 +msgid "Recommended configuration" +msgstr "推荐配置" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5809 +msgid "" +"The default :data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits` is expected to be " +"reasonable for most applications. If your application requires a different " +"limit, set it from your main entry point using Python version agnostic code " +"as these APIs were added in security patch releases in versions before 3.12." +msgstr "" +"默认的 :data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits` 被预期对于大多数应用程序来说都是合理的。 " +"如果你的应用程序需要不同的限制值，请使用不预设 Python 版本的代码从你的主入口点进行设置，因为这些 API 是在 3.12 " +"之前的版本所发布的安全补丁中添加的。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5814 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5816 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> if hasattr(sys, \"set_int_max_str_digits\"):\n" +"... upper_bound = 68000\n" +"... lower_bound = 4004\n" +"... current_limit = sys.get_int_max_str_digits()\n" +"... if current_limit == 0 or current_limit > upper_bound:\n" +"... sys.set_int_max_str_digits(upper_bound)\n" +"... elif current_limit < lower_bound:\n" +"... sys.set_int_max_str_digits(lower_bound)" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> if hasattr(sys, \"set_int_max_str_digits\"):\n" +"... upper_bound = 68000\n" +"... lower_bound = 4004\n" +"... current_limit = sys.get_int_max_str_digits()\n" +"... if current_limit == 0 or current_limit > upper_bound:\n" +"... sys.set_int_max_str_digits(upper_bound)\n" +"... elif current_limit < lower_bound:\n" +"... sys.set_int_max_str_digits(lower_bound)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5826 +msgid "If you need to disable it entirely, set it to ``0``." +msgstr "如果你需要完全禁用它，请将其设为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5830 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5831 +msgid "" +"Additional information on these special methods may be found in the Python " +"Reference Manual (:ref:`customization`)." +msgstr "有关这些特殊方法的额外信息可参看 Python 参考指南 (:ref:`customization`)。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5834 +msgid "" +"As a consequence, the list ``[1, 2]`` is considered equal to ``[1.0, 2.0]``," +" and similarly for tuples." +msgstr "作为结果，列表 ``[1, 2]`` 与 ``[1.0, 2.0]`` 是相等的，元组的情况也类似。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5837 +msgid "They must have since the parser can't tell the type of the operands." +msgstr "必须如此，因为解析器无法判断操作数的类型。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5839 +msgid "" +"Cased characters are those with general category property being one of " +"\"Lu\" (Letter, uppercase), \"Ll\" (Letter, lowercase), or \"Lt\" (Letter, " +"titlecase)." +msgstr "" +"区分大小写的字符是指所属一般类别属性为 \"Lu\" (Letter, uppercase), \"Ll\" (Letter, lowercase) 或" +" \"Lt\" (Letter, titlecase) 之一的字符。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5842 +msgid "" +"To format only a tuple you should therefore provide a singleton tuple whose " +"only element is the tuple to be formatted." +msgstr "若只是要格式化一个元组，则应提供一个单例元组，其中只包含一个元素，就是需要格式化的那个元组。" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:13 +msgid "built-in" +msgstr "内置" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:13 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:316 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1117 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1139 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5567 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 +msgid "if" +msgstr "if" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 +msgid "while" +msgstr "while" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 +msgid "truth" +msgstr "真值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 +msgid "value" +msgstr "value" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:81 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:817 +msgid "Boolean" +msgstr "布尔值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:81 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "operations" +msgstr "操作" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:34 +msgid "false" +msgstr "false" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:44 +msgid "true" +msgstr "true" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:52 +msgid "None (Built-in object)" +msgstr "None (内置对象)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:52 +msgid "False (Built-in object)" +msgstr "False (内置对象)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:64 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:98 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:195 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "operator" +msgstr "operator" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:64 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:98 +msgid "or" +msgstr "or" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:64 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:98 +msgid "and" +msgstr "and" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:64 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:817 +msgid "False" +msgstr "False" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:64 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:817 +msgid "True" +msgstr "True" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:98 +msgid "not" +msgstr "not" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "chaining" +msgstr "chaining" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "comparisons" +msgstr "比较" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "comparison" +msgstr "比较" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "==" +msgstr "==" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "< (less)" +msgstr "< (小与)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "<=" +msgstr "<=" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "> (greater)" +msgstr "> (大与)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid ">=" +msgstr ">=" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "!=" +msgstr "!=" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "is" +msgstr "is" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:123 +msgid "is not" +msgstr "is not" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:163 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:934 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1117 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1139 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1260 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1339 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1383 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1504 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1540 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2672 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2691 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2798 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4379 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5060 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5317 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5487 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5531 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:163 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:316 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:335 +msgid "numeric" +msgstr "数字" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:163 +msgid "objects" +msgstr "objects" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:163 +msgid "comparing" +msgstr "比较" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:173 +msgid "__eq__() (instance method)" +msgstr "__eq__() (实例方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:173 +msgid "__ne__() (instance method)" +msgstr "__ne__() (实例方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:173 +msgid "__lt__() (instance method)" +msgstr "__lt__() (实例方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:173 +msgid "__le__() (instance method)" +msgstr "__le__() (实例方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:173 +msgid "__gt__() (instance method)" +msgstr "__gt__() (实例方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:173 +msgid "__ge__() (instance method)" +msgstr "__ge__() (实例方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:195 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "in" +msgstr "in" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:195 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "not in" +msgstr "not in" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "integer" +msgstr "integer" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 +msgid "floating-point" +msgstr "浮点数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 +msgid "complex number" +msgstr "complex number -- 复数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 +msgid "C" +msgstr "C" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:208 +msgid "language" +msgstr "语言" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 +msgid "literals" +msgstr "字面值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 +msgid "hexadecimal" +msgstr "十六进制" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 +msgid "octal" +msgstr "八进制" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:229 +msgid "binary" +msgstr "二进制" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "arithmetic" +msgstr "arithmetic" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1117 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5538 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5552 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5567 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "float" +msgstr "float" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "complex" +msgstr "复数" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2548 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3767 +msgid "+ (plus)" +msgstr "+ (加号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "unary operator" +msgstr "单目运算符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "binary operator" +msgstr "双目运算符" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2548 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3767 +msgid "- (minus)" +msgstr "- (减号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2505 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3724 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "/ (slash)" +msgstr "/ (斜杠)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "//" +msgstr "//" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "% (percent)" +msgstr "% (百分号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:246 +msgid "**" +msgstr "**" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:316 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +msgid "operations on" +msgstr "运算目标" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:316 +msgid "conjugate() (complex number method)" +msgstr "conjugate() (复数方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:335 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1606 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2672 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5567 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:335 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:335 +msgid "floor() (in module math)" +msgstr "floor() (在 math 模块中)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:335 +msgid "ceil() (in module math)" +msgstr "ceil() (在 math 模块中)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:335 +msgid "trunc() (in module math)" +msgstr "trunc() (在 math 模块中)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:335 +msgid "conversions" +msgstr "转换" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "bitwise" +msgstr "bitwise" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "shifting" +msgstr "移位" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "masking" +msgstr "掩码" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "| (vertical bar)" +msgstr "| (竖线)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "^ (caret)" +msgstr "^ (脱字号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "& (ampersand)" +msgstr "& (和号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "<<" +msgstr "<<" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid ">>" +msgstr ">>" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:393 +msgid "~ (tilde)" +msgstr "~ (波浪号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:817 +msgid "values" +msgstr "values" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:847 +msgid "iterator protocol" +msgstr "迭代器协议" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:847 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4975 +msgid "protocol" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:847 +msgid "iterator" +msgstr "iterator -- 迭代器" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:847 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:934 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1117 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1139 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:847 +msgid "iteration" +msgstr "迭代" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:847 +msgid "container" +msgstr "容器" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:847 +msgid "iteration over" +msgstr "迭代目标" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "min" +msgstr "min" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "max" +msgstr "max" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "concatenation" +msgstr "拼接" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "operation" +msgstr "operation" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "repetition" +msgstr "重复" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "subscript" +msgstr "下标" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "slice" +msgstr "slice -- 切片" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "count() (sequence method)" +msgstr "count() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:950 +msgid "index() (sequence method)" +msgstr "index() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1006 +msgid "loop" +msgstr "循环" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1006 +msgid "over mutable sequence" +msgstr "针对可变序列" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1006 +msgid "mutable sequence" +msgstr "可变序列" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1006 +msgid "loop over" +msgstr "循环" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1117 +msgid "immutable" +msgstr "immutable -- 不可变对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1117 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1339 +msgid "tuple" +msgstr "元组" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1117 +msgid "hash" +msgstr "hash" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1139 +msgid "mutable" +msgstr "mutable -- 可变对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1139 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1260 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1139 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2672 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2798 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2870 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "bytearray" +msgstr "bytearray" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5317 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5567 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "assignment" +msgstr "赋值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +msgid "del" +msgstr "del" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "append() (sequence method)" +msgstr "append() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "clear() (sequence method)" +msgstr "clear() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "copy() (sequence method)" +msgstr "copy() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "extend() (sequence method)" +msgstr "extend() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "insert() (sequence method)" +msgstr "insert() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "pop() (sequence method)" +msgstr "pop() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "remove() (sequence method)" +msgstr "remove() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1154 +msgid "reverse() (sequence method)" +msgstr "reverse() (序列方法)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1383 +msgid "range" +msgstr "range" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1504 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1553 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1598 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1504 +msgid "text sequence type" +msgstr "文本序列类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1504 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1553 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1571 +msgid "str (built-in class)" +msgstr "str (内置类)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1504 +msgid "(see also string)" +msgstr "(另请参阅字符串)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1540 +msgid "io.StringIO" +msgstr "io.StringIO" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1571 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2664 +msgid "buffer protocol" +msgstr "缓冲协议" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1571 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2672 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2691 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2870 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "bytes" +msgstr "字节串" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1598 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2870 +msgid "methods" +msgstr "方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:1606 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2137 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3546 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2137 +msgid "str.splitlines method" +msgstr "str.splitlines 方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "! formatted string literal" +msgstr "! 格式化字符串字面值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "formatted string literals" +msgstr "格式化字符串字面值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "! f-string" +msgstr "! f-字符串" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "f-strings" +msgstr "f 字符串" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "fstring" +msgstr "fstring" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "interpolated string literal" +msgstr "插值字符串字面值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "formatted literal" +msgstr "格式化字面值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "interpolated literal" +msgstr "插值字面值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "{} (curly brackets)" +msgstr "{} (花括号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "in formatted string literal" +msgstr "格式字符串字面值形式" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "! (exclamation mark)" +msgstr "! (叹号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "= (equals)" +msgstr "= (等于号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2323 +msgid "for help in debugging using string literals" +msgstr "用于帮助使用字符串字面值进行调试" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 +msgid "formatting, string (%)" +msgstr "格式化, 字符串 (%)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 +msgid "interpolation, string (%)" +msgstr "插值, 字符串 (%)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 +msgid "formatting, printf" +msgstr "格式化, printf" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 +msgid "interpolation, printf" +msgstr "插值, printf" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "printf-style formatting" +msgstr "printf 风格的格式化" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2469 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "sprintf-style formatting" +msgstr "sprintf 风格的格式化" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2505 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3724 +msgid "() (parentheses)" +msgstr "() (圆括号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2505 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2548 +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3724 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3767 +msgid "in printf-style formatting" +msgstr "使用 printf 风格的格式化" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2505 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3724 +msgid ". (dot)" +msgstr ". (点号)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2548 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3767 +msgid "# (hash)" +msgstr "# (hash)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2548 ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3767 +msgid "space" +msgstr "space" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2664 +msgid "binary sequence types" +msgstr "二进制序列类型" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2672 +msgid "memoryview" +msgstr "memoryview" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:2672 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3546 +msgid "bytes.splitlines method" +msgstr "bytes.splitlines 方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3546 +msgid "bytearray.splitlines method" +msgstr "bytearray.splitlines 方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "formatting" +msgstr "格式化" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "bytes (%)" +msgstr "bytes (%)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "bytearray (%)" +msgstr "bytearray (%)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:3692 +msgid "interpolation" +msgstr "插值" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4379 +msgid "set" +msgstr "set" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +msgid "mapping" +msgstr "mapping -- 映射" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4581 +msgid "dictionary" +msgstr "dictionary -- 字典" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4664 +msgid "__missing__()" +msgstr "__missing__()" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4975 +msgid "context manager" +msgstr "context manager -- 上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4975 +msgid "context management protocol" +msgstr "上下文管理协议" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:4975 +msgid "context management" +msgstr "上下文管理" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5048 +msgid "annotation" +msgstr "annotation -- 标注" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5048 +msgid "type annotation; type hint" +msgstr "类型标注; 类型提示type hint" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5060 +msgid "GenericAlias" +msgstr "GenericAlias" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5060 +msgid "Generic" +msgstr "Generic" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5060 +msgid "Alias" +msgstr "Alias" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5317 +msgid "Union" +msgstr "Union" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5317 +msgid "union" +msgstr "union" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5487 +msgid "method" +msgstr "method -- 方法" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5531 +msgid "code" +msgstr "code -- 代码" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5531 +msgid "code object" +msgstr "代码对象" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5538 +msgid "compile" +msgstr "编译" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5538 +msgid "__code__ (function object attribute)" +msgstr "__code__ (函数对象属性)" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5552 +msgid "exec" +msgstr "exec" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5552 +msgid "eval" +msgstr "eval" + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5591 +msgid "..." +msgstr "..." + +#: ../../library/stdtypes.rst:5591 +msgid "ellipsis literal" +msgstr "省略符字面值" diff --git a/library/string.po b/library/string.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c16af9745 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/string.po @@ -0,0 +1,1704 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# Nasy, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 8af080f2e6702c64bedd01873aed27e8_25aec74 , 2021 +# Yuwei Tu , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!string` --- Common string operations" +msgstr ":mod:`!string` --- 常见的字符串操作" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/string.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/string.py`" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:14 +msgid ":ref:`textseq`" +msgstr ":ref:`textseq`" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:16 +msgid ":ref:`string-methods`" +msgstr ":ref:`string-methods`" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:19 +msgid "String constants" +msgstr "字符串常量" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:21 +msgid "The constants defined in this module are:" +msgstr "此模块中定义的常量为：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The concatenation of the :const:`ascii_lowercase` and " +":const:`ascii_uppercase` constants described below. This value is not " +"locale-dependent." +msgstr "" +"下文所述 :const:`ascii_lowercase` 和 :const:`ascii_uppercase` 常量的拼连。 该值不依赖于语言区域。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:32 +msgid "" +"The lowercase letters ``'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. This value is not " +"locale-dependent and will not change." +msgstr "小写字母 ``'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``。 该值不依赖于语言区域，不会发生改变。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The uppercase letters ``'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``. This value is not " +"locale-dependent and will not change." +msgstr "大写字母 ``'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``。 该值不依赖于语言区域，不会发生改变。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:44 +msgid "The string ``'0123456789'``." +msgstr "字符串 ``'0123456789'``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:49 +msgid "The string ``'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'``." +msgstr "字符串 ``'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:54 +msgid "The string ``'01234567'``." +msgstr "字符串 ``'01234567'``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:59 +msgid "" +"String of ASCII characters which are considered punctuation characters in " +"the ``C`` locale: ``!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~``." +msgstr "" +"由在 ``C`` 区域设置中被视为标点符号的 ASCII 字符所组成的字符串: " +"``!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~``." + +#: ../../library/string.rst:65 +msgid "" +"String of ASCII characters which are considered printable by Python. This is" +" a combination of :const:`digits`, :const:`ascii_letters`, " +":const:`punctuation`, and :const:`whitespace`." +msgstr "" +"由被视为可打印符号的 ASCII 字符组成的字符串。 这是 :const:`digits`, :const:`ascii_letters`, " +":const:`punctuation` 和 :const:`whitespace` 的总和。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:71 +msgid "" +"By design, :meth:`string.printable.isprintable() ` returns " +":const:`False`. In particular, ``string.printable`` is not printable in the " +"POSIX sense (see :manpage:`LC_CTYPE `)." +msgstr "" +"根据设计，:meth:`string.printable.isprintable() ` 将返回 " +":const:`False`。 特别地，``string.printable`` 在 POSIX 中是不可打印的 (参见 " +":manpage:`LC_CTYPE `)。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:78 +msgid "" +"A string containing all ASCII characters that are considered whitespace. " +"This includes the characters space, tab, linefeed, return, formfeed, and " +"vertical tab." +msgstr "由被视为空白符号的 ASCII 字符组成的字符串。 其中包括空格、制表、换行、回车、进纸和纵向制表符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:86 +msgid "Custom String Formatting" +msgstr "自定义字符串格式化" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The built-in string class provides the ability to do complex variable " +"substitutions and value formatting via the :meth:`~str.format` method " +"described in :pep:`3101`. The :class:`Formatter` class in the :mod:`string`" +" module allows you to create and customize your own string formatting " +"behaviors using the same implementation as the built-in :meth:`~str.format` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"内置的字符串类提供了通过使用 :pep:`3101` 所描述的 :meth:`~str.format` 方法进行复杂变量替换和值格式化的能力。 " +":mod:`string` 模块中的 :class:`Formatter` 类允许你使用与内置 :meth:`~str.format` " +"方法相同的实现来创建并定制你自己的字符串格式化行为。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:97 +msgid "The :class:`Formatter` class has the following public methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Formatter` 类包含下列公有方法：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The primary API method. It takes a format string and an arbitrary set of " +"positional and keyword arguments. It is just a wrapper that calls " +":meth:`vformat`." +msgstr "首要的 API 方法。 它接受一个格式字符串和任意一组位置和关键字参数。 它只是一个调用 :meth:`vformat` 的包装器。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:105 +msgid "" +"A format string argument is now :ref:`positional-only `." +msgstr "格式字符串参数现在是 :ref:`仅限位置参数 `。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:111 +msgid "" +"This function does the actual work of formatting. It is exposed as a " +"separate function for cases where you want to pass in a predefined " +"dictionary of arguments, rather than unpacking and repacking the dictionary " +"as individual arguments using the ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` syntax. " +":meth:`vformat` does the work of breaking up the format string into " +"character data and replacement fields. It calls the various methods " +"described below." +msgstr "" +"此函数执行实际的格式化操作。 它被公开为一个单独的函数，用于需要传入一个预定义字母作为参数，而不是使用 ``*args`` 和 ``**kwargs``" +" 语法将字典解包为多个单独参数并重打包的情况。 :meth:`vformat` 完成将格式字符串分解为字符数据和替换字段的工作。 " +"它会调用下文所述的几种不同方法。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:119 +msgid "" +"In addition, the :class:`Formatter` defines a number of methods that are " +"intended to be replaced by subclasses:" +msgstr "此外，:class:`Formatter` 还定义了一些旨在被子类替换的方法：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Loop over the format_string and return an iterable of tuples " +"(*literal_text*, *field_name*, *format_spec*, *conversion*). This is used " +"by :meth:`vformat` to break the string into either literal text, or " +"replacement fields." +msgstr "" +"循环遍历 format_string 并返回一个由可迭代对象组成的元组 (*literal_text*, *field_name*, " +"*format_spec*, *conversion*)。 它会被 :meth:`vformat` 用来将字符串分解为文本字面值或替换字段。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The values in the tuple conceptually represent a span of literal text " +"followed by a single replacement field. If there is no literal text (which " +"can happen if two replacement fields occur consecutively), then " +"*literal_text* will be a zero-length string. If there is no replacement " +"field, then the values of *field_name*, *format_spec* and *conversion* will " +"be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"元组中的值在概念上表示一段字面文本加上一个替换字段。 如果没有字面文本（如果连续出现两个替换字段就会发生这种情况），则 *literal_text* " +"将是一个长度为零的字符串。 如果没有替换字段，则 *field_name*, *format_spec* 和 *conversion* 的值将为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Given *field_name* as returned by :meth:`parse` (see above), convert it to " +"an object to be formatted. Returns a tuple (obj, used_key). The default " +"version takes strings of the form defined in :pep:`3101`, such as " +"\"0[name]\" or \"label.title\". *args* and *kwargs* are as passed in to " +":meth:`vformat`. The return value *used_key* has the same meaning as the " +"*key* parameter to :meth:`get_value`." +msgstr "" +"给定 *field_name* 作为 :meth:`parse` (见上文) 的返回值，将其转换为要格式化的对象。 返回一个元组 (obj, " +"used_key)。 默认版本接受在 :pep:`3101` 所定义形式的字符串，例如 \"0[name]\" 或 \"label.title\"。 " +"*args* 和 *kwargs* 与传给 :meth:`vformat` 的一样。 返回值 *used_key* 与 " +":meth:`get_value` 的 *key* 形参具有相同的含义。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Retrieve a given field value. The *key* argument will be either an integer " +"or a string. If it is an integer, it represents the index of the positional" +" argument in *args*; if it is a string, then it represents a named argument " +"in *kwargs*." +msgstr "" +"提取给定的字段值。 *key* 参数将为整数或字符串。 如果是整数，它表示 *args* 中位置参数的索引；如果是字符串，它表示 *kwargs* " +"中的关键字参数名。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:152 +msgid "" +"The *args* parameter is set to the list of positional arguments to " +":meth:`vformat`, and the *kwargs* parameter is set to the dictionary of " +"keyword arguments." +msgstr "*args* 形参会被设为 :meth:`vformat` 的位置参数列表，而 *kwargs* 形参会被设为由关键字参数组成的字典。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:156 +msgid "" +"For compound field names, these functions are only called for the first " +"component of the field name; subsequent components are handled through " +"normal attribute and indexing operations." +msgstr "对于复合字段名称，仅会为字段名称的第一个组件调用这些函数；后续组件会通过普通属性和索引操作来进行处理。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:160 +msgid "" +"So for example, the field expression '0.name' would cause :meth:`get_value` " +"to be called with a *key* argument of 0. The ``name`` attribute will be " +"looked up after :meth:`get_value` returns by calling the built-in " +":func:`getattr` function." +msgstr "" +"因此举例来说，字段表达式 '0.name' 将导致调用 :meth:`get_value` 时附带 *key* 参数值 0。 在 " +":meth:`get_value` 通过调用内置的 :func:`getattr` 函数返回后将会查找 ``name`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:165 +msgid "" +"If the index or keyword refers to an item that does not exist, then an " +":exc:`IndexError` or :exc:`KeyError` should be raised." +msgstr "如果索引或关键字引用了一个不存在的项，则将引发 :exc:`IndexError` 或 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Implement checking for unused arguments if desired. The arguments to this " +"function is the set of all argument keys that were actually referred to in " +"the format string (integers for positional arguments, and strings for named " +"arguments), and a reference to the *args* and *kwargs* that was passed to " +"vformat. The set of unused args can be calculated from these parameters. " +":meth:`check_unused_args` is assumed to raise an exception if the check " +"fails." +msgstr "" +"在必要时实现对未使用参数进行检测。 此函数的参数是是格式字符串中实际引用的所有参数键的集合（整数表示位置参数，字符串表示名称参数），以及被传给 " +"vformat 的 *args* 和 *kwargs* 的引用。 未使用参数的集合可以根据这些形参计算出来。 如果检测失败则 " +":meth:`check_unused_args` 应会引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:180 +msgid "" +":meth:`format_field` simply calls the global :func:`format` built-in. The " +"method is provided so that subclasses can override it." +msgstr ":meth:`format_field` 会简单地调用内置全局函数 :func:`format`。 提供该方法是为了让子类能够重载它。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Converts the value (returned by :meth:`get_field`) given a conversion type " +"(as in the tuple returned by the :meth:`parse` method). The default version" +" understands 's' (str), 'r' (repr) and 'a' (ascii) conversion types." +msgstr "" +"使用给定的转换类型（来自 :meth:`parse` 方法所返回的元组）来转换（由 :meth:`get_field` 所返回的）值。 默认版本支持 " +"'s' (str), 'r' (repr) 和 'a' (ascii) 等转换类型。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:194 +msgid "Format String Syntax" +msgstr "格式字符串语法" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:196 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`str.format` method and the :class:`Formatter` class share the " +"same syntax for format strings (although in the case of :class:`Formatter`, " +"subclasses can define their own format string syntax). The syntax is " +"related to that of :ref:`formatted string literals `, but it is " +"less sophisticated and, in particular, does not support arbitrary " +"expressions." +msgstr "" +":meth:`str.format` 方法和 :class:`Formatter` 类共享相同的格式字符串语法（虽然对于 " +":class:`Formatter` 来说，其子类可以定义它们自己的格式字符串语法）。 具体语法与 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 " +"` 相似，但较为简单一些，并且关键的一点是不支持任意表达式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Format strings contain \"replacement fields\" surrounded by curly braces " +"``{}``. Anything that is not contained in braces is considered literal text," +" which is copied unchanged to the output. If you need to include a brace " +"character in the literal text, it can be escaped by doubling: ``{{`` and " +"``}}``." +msgstr "" +"格式字符串包含有以花括号 ``{}`` 括起来的“替换字段”。 不在花括号之内的内容被视为字面文本，会不加修改地复制到输出中。 " +"如果你需要在字面文本中包含花括号字符，可以通过重复来转义: ``{{`` and ``}}``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:214 +msgid "The grammar for a replacement field is as follows:" +msgstr "替换字段的语法如下：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:226 +msgid "" +"In less formal terms, the replacement field can start with a *field_name* " +"that specifies the object whose value is to be formatted and inserted into " +"the output instead of the replacement field. The *field_name* is optionally " +"followed by a *conversion* field, which is preceded by an exclamation point" +" ``'!'``, and a *format_spec*, which is preceded by a colon ``':'``. These " +"specify a non-default format for the replacement value." +msgstr "" +"用不太正式的术语来描述，替换字段开头可以用一个 *field_name* 指定要对值进行格式化并取代替换字符被插入到输出结果的对象。 " +"*field_name* 之后有可选的 *conversion* 字段，它是一个感叹号 ``'!'`` 加一个 " +"*format_spec*，并以一个冒号 ``':'`` 打头。 这些指明了替换值的非默认格式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:233 +msgid "See also the :ref:`formatspec` section." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`formatspec` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:235 +msgid "" +"The *field_name* itself begins with an *arg_name* that is either a number or" +" a keyword. If it's a number, it refers to a positional argument, and if " +"it's a keyword, it refers to a named keyword argument. An *arg_name* is " +"treated as a number if a call to :meth:`str.isdecimal` on the string would " +"return true. If the numerical arg_names in a format string are 0, 1, 2, ... " +"in sequence, they can all be omitted (not just some) and the numbers 0, 1, " +"2, ... will be automatically inserted in that order. Because *arg_name* is " +"not quote-delimited, it is not possible to specify arbitrary dictionary keys" +" (e.g., the strings ``'10'`` or ``':-]'``) within a format string. The " +"*arg_name* can be followed by any number of index or attribute expressions. " +"An expression of the form ``'.name'`` selects the named attribute using " +":func:`getattr`, while an expression of the form ``'[index]'`` does an index" +" lookup using :meth:`~object.__getitem__`." +msgstr "" +"*field_name* 本身以一个数字或关键字形式的 *arg_name* 打头。 " +"如果为数字，则它指向一个位置参数，而如果为关键字，则它指向一个命名关键字参数。 如果在字符串上调用 :meth:`str.isdecimal` " +"会返回真值则 *arg_name* 会被当作数字来处理。 如果格式字段串中的数字 arg_names 为 0, 1, 2, ... " +"的序列，它们可以全部（而非部分）被省略并且数字 0, 1, 2, ... 将按顺序被自动插入。 由于 *arg_name* " +"不使用引号分隔，因此无法在格式字符串中指定任意的字典键（例如字符串 ``'10'`` 或 ``':-]'`` 等）。 *arg_name* " +"之后可以跟任意数量的索引或属性表达式。 ``'.name'`` 形式的表达式会使用 :func:`getattr` 来选择命名属性，而 " +"``'[index]'`` 形式的表达式会使用 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 来执行索引查找。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:249 +msgid "" +"The positional argument specifiers can be omitted for :meth:`str.format`, so" +" ``'{} {}'.format(a, b)`` is equivalent to ``'{0} {1}'.format(a, b)``." +msgstr "" +"位置参数说明符对于 :meth:`str.format` 可以省略，因此 ``'{} {}'.format(a, b)`` 等价于 ``'{0} " +"{1}'.format(a, b)``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The positional argument specifiers can be omitted for :class:`Formatter`." +msgstr "位置参数说明符对于 :class:`Formatter` 可以省略。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:256 +msgid "Some simple format string examples::" +msgstr "一些简单的格式字符串示例" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:258 +msgid "" +"\"First, thou shalt count to {0}\" # References first positional argument\n" +"\"Bring me a {}\" # Implicitly references the first positional argument\n" +"\"From {} to {}\" # Same as \"From {0} to {1}\"\n" +"\"My quest is {name}\" # References keyword argument 'name'\n" +"\"Weight in tons {0.weight}\" # 'weight' attribute of first positional arg\n" +"\"Units destroyed: {players[0]}\" # First element of keyword argument 'players'." +msgstr "" +"\"First, thou shalt count to {0}\" # 引用第一个位置参数\n" +"\"Bring me a {}\" # 隐式引用第一个位置参数\n" +"\"From {} to {}\" # 等同于 \"From {0} to {1}\"\n" +"\"My quest is {name}\" # 引用关键字参数 'name'\n" +"\"Weight in tons {0.weight}\" # 第一个位置参数的 'weight' 属性\n" +"\"Units destroyed: {players[0]}\" # 关键字参数 'players' 的第一个元素。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:265 +msgid "" +"The *conversion* field causes a type coercion before formatting. Normally, " +"the job of formatting a value is done by the :meth:`~object.__format__` " +"method of the value itself. However, in some cases it is desirable to force" +" a type to be formatted as a string, overriding its own definition of " +"formatting. By converting the value to a string before calling " +":meth:`~object.__format__`, the normal formatting logic is bypassed." +msgstr "" +"*conversion* 字段会在格式化之前进行类型强制转换。 通常，格式化一个值的工作是由该值本身的 " +":meth:`~object.__format__` 方法完成的。 但是，在某些情况下最好是强制将类型格式化为一个字符串，覆盖其本身的格式化定义。 " +"通过在调用 :meth:`~object.__format__` 之间将值转换为字符串，可以绕过正常的格式化逻辑。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Three conversion flags are currently supported: ``'!s'`` which calls " +":func:`str` on the value, ``'!r'`` which calls :func:`repr` and ``'!a'`` " +"which calls :func:`ascii`." +msgstr "" +"目前支持的转换旗标有三种: ``'!s'`` 会对值调用 :func:`str`，``'!r'`` 调用 :func:`repr` 而 ``'!a'``" +" 则调用 :func:`ascii`。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:276 +msgid "Some examples::" +msgstr "示例如下：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:278 +msgid "" +"\"Harold's a clever {0!s}\" # Calls str() on the argument first\n" +"\"Bring out the holy {name!r}\" # Calls repr() on the argument first\n" +"\"More {!a}\" # Calls ascii() on the argument first" +msgstr "" +"\"Harold's a clever {0!s}\" # 先在参数上调用 str()\n" +"\"Bring out the holy {name!r}\" # 先在参数上调用 repr()\n" +"\"More {!a}\" # 先在参数上调用 ascii()" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:282 +msgid "" +"The *format_spec* field contains a specification of how the value should be " +"presented, including such details as field width, alignment, padding, " +"decimal precision and so on. Each value type can define its own " +"\"formatting mini-language\" or interpretation of the *format_spec*." +msgstr "" +"*format_spec* 字段包含值应如何呈现的规格描述，例如字段宽度、对齐、填充、小数精度等细节信息。 " +"每种值类型可以定义自己的“格式化迷你语言”或对 *format_spec* 的解读方式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:287 +msgid "" +"Most built-in types support a common formatting mini-language, which is " +"described in the next section." +msgstr "大多数内置类型都支持同样的格式化迷你语言，具体描述见下一节。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:290 +msgid "" +"A *format_spec* field can also include nested replacement fields within it. " +"These nested replacement fields may contain a field name, conversion flag " +"and format specification, but deeper nesting is not allowed. The " +"replacement fields within the format_spec are substituted before the " +"*format_spec* string is interpreted. This allows the formatting of a value " +"to be dynamically specified." +msgstr "" +"*format_spec* 字段还可以在其内部包含嵌套的替换字段。 " +"这些嵌套的替换字段可能包括字段名称、转换旗标和格式规格描述，但是不再允许更深层的嵌套。 format_spec 内部的替换字段会在解读 " +"*format_spec* 字符串之前先被解读。 这将允许动态地指定特定值的格式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:297 +msgid "See the :ref:`formatexamples` section for some examples." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`formatexamples` 一节查看相关示例。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:303 +msgid "Format Specification Mini-Language" +msgstr "格式规格迷你语言" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:305 +msgid "" +"\"Format specifications\" are used within replacement fields contained " +"within a format string to define how individual values are presented (see " +":ref:`formatstrings` and :ref:`f-strings`). They can also be passed directly" +" to the built-in :func:`format` function. Each formattable type may define " +"how the format specification is to be interpreted." +msgstr "" +"“格式规格”在格式字符串所包含的替换字段内部使用，用于定义单个值应如何呈现 (参见 :ref:`formatstrings` 和 " +":ref:`f-strings`)。 它们也可以被直接传给内置的 :func:`format` 函数。 " +"每种可格式化的类型都可以自行定义如何对格式规格进行解读。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Most built-in types implement the following options for format " +"specifications, although some of the formatting options are only supported " +"by the numeric types." +msgstr "大多数内置类型都为格式规格实现了下列选项，不过某些格式化选项只被数值类型所支持。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:315 +msgid "" +"A general convention is that an empty format specification produces the same" +" result as if you had called :func:`str` on the value. A non-empty format " +"specification typically modifies the result." +msgstr "一般约定空的格式描述将产生与在值上调用 :func:`str` 相同的结果。 非空格式描述通常会修改此结果。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:319 +msgid "The general form of a *standard format specifier* is:" +msgstr "*标准格式说明符* 的一般形式如下：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:333 +msgid "" +"If a valid *align* value is specified, it can be preceded by a *fill* " +"character that can be any character and defaults to a space if omitted. It " +"is not possible to use a literal curly brace (\"``{``\" or \"``}``\") as the" +" *fill* character in a :ref:`formatted string literal ` or when " +"using the :meth:`str.format` method. However, it is possible to insert a " +"curly brace with a nested replacement field. This limitation doesn't affect" +" the :func:`format` function." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了一个有效的 *align* 值，则可以在该值前面加一个 *fill* 字符，它可以为任意字符，如果省略则默认为空格符。 在 " +":ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` 或在使用 :meth:`str.format` 方法时是无法使用花括号字面值 " +"(\"``{``\" or \"``}``\") 作为 *fill* 字符的。 但是，通过嵌套替换字段插入花括号则是可以的。 这个限制不会影响 " +":func:`format` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:342 +msgid "The meaning of the various alignment options is as follows:" +msgstr "各种对齐选项的含义如下：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:351 ../../library/string.rst:383 +#: ../../library/string.rst:442 +msgid "Option" +msgstr "选项" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:351 ../../library/string.rst:383 +#: ../../library/string.rst:442 ../../library/string.rst:481 +#: ../../library/string.rst:492 ../../library/string.rst:527 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:353 +msgid "``'<'``" +msgstr "``'<'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:353 +msgid "" +"Forces the field to be left-aligned within the available space (this is the " +"default for most objects)." +msgstr "强制字段在可用空间内左对齐（这是大多数对象的默认值）。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:356 +msgid "``'>'``" +msgstr "``'>'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:356 +msgid "" +"Forces the field to be right-aligned within the available space (this is the" +" default for numbers)." +msgstr "强制字段在可用空间内右对齐（这是数字的默认值）。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:359 +msgid "``'='``" +msgstr "``'='``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Forces the padding to be placed after the sign (if any) but before the " +"digits. This is used for printing fields in the form '+000000120'. This " +"alignment option is only valid for numeric types, excluding " +":class:`complex`. It becomes the default for numbers when '0' immediately " +"precedes the field width." +msgstr "" +"强制在符号（如果有）之后数字之前放置填充。 这被用于以 '+000000120' 形式打印字段。 " +"这个对齐选项仅适用于数字类型，:class:`complex` 除外。 当 '0' 紧接在字段宽度之前时这是默认行为。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:366 +msgid "``'^'``" +msgstr "``'^'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:366 +msgid "Forces the field to be centered within the available space." +msgstr "强制字段在可用空间内居中。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Note that unless a minimum field width is defined, the field width will " +"always be the same size as the data to fill it, so that the alignment option" +" has no meaning in this case." +msgstr "请注意，除非定义了最小字段宽度，否则字段宽度将始终与填充它的数据大小相同，因此在这种情况下，对齐选项没有意义。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:374 +msgid "" +"The *sign* option is only valid for number types, and can be one of the " +"following:" +msgstr "*sign* 选项仅对数字类型有效，可以是以下之一：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:385 +msgid "``'+'``" +msgstr "``'+'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:385 +msgid "" +"Indicates that a sign should be used for both positive as well as negative " +"numbers." +msgstr "表示正负号应当同时用于正数与负数。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:388 +msgid "``'-'``" +msgstr "``'-'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:388 +msgid "" +"Indicates that a sign should be used only for negative numbers (this is the " +"default behavior)." +msgstr "表示正负号应当仅用于负数（这是默认的行为）。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:377 ../../library/string.rst:391 +msgid "space" +msgstr "space" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Indicates that a leading space should be used on positive numbers, and a " +"minus sign on negative numbers." +msgstr "表示应当对正数使用前导空格，而对负数使用负号。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:398 +msgid "" +"The ``'z'`` option coerces negative zero floating-point values to positive " +"zero after rounding to the format precision. This option is only valid for " +"floating-point presentation types." +msgstr " ``'z'`` 选项是在舍入到格式精度后将负零浮点值强制转为正零。 此选项适用于浮点表示类型。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:402 +msgid "Added the ``'z'`` option (see also :pep:`682`)." +msgstr "增加了 ``'z'`` 选项 (另请参阅 :pep:`682`)。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:407 +msgid "" +"The ``'#'`` option causes the \"alternate form\" to be used for the " +"conversion. The alternate form is defined differently for different types." +" This option is only valid for integer, float and complex types. For " +"integers, when binary, octal, or hexadecimal output is used, this option " +"adds the respective prefix ``'0b'``, ``'0o'``, ``'0x'``, or ``'0X'`` to the " +"output value. For float and complex the alternate form causes the result of " +"the conversion to always contain a decimal-point character, even if no " +"digits follow it. Normally, a decimal-point character appears in the result " +"of these conversions only if a digit follows it. In addition, for ``'g'`` " +"and ``'G'`` conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result." +msgstr "" +"``'#'`` 选项可让“替代形式”被用于执行转换。 替代形式会针对不同的类型分别定义。 此选项仅适用于整数、浮点数和复数类型。 " +"对于整数类型，当使用二进制、八进制或十六进制输出时，此选项会为输出值分别添加相应的 ``'0b'``, ``'0o'``, ``'0x'`` 或 " +"``'0X'`` 前缀。 对于浮点数和复数类型，替代形式会使得转换结果总是包含小数点符号，即使其不带小数部分。 " +"通常只有在带有小数部分的情况下，此类转换的结果中才会出现小数点符号。 此外，对于 ``'g'`` 和 ``'G'`` 转换，末尾的零不会从结果中被移除。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:419 +msgid "" +"The *width* is a decimal integer defining the minimum total field width, " +"including any prefixes, separators, and other formatting characters. If not " +"specified, then the field width will be determined by the content." +msgstr "*width* 是一个定义最小总字段宽度的十进制整数，包括任何任何前缀、分隔符和其他格式化字符。 如果未指定，则字段宽度将由内容确定。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:423 +msgid "" +"When no explicit alignment is given, preceding the *width* field by a zero " +"(``'0'``) character enables sign-aware zero-padding for numeric types, " +"excluding :class:`complex`. This is equivalent to a *fill* character of " +"``'0'`` with an *alignment* type of ``'='``." +msgstr "" +"当未显式给出对齐方式时，在 *width* 字符前加一个零 (``'0'``) 字符将为数字类型启用感知正负号的零填充，:class:`complex`" +" 除外。 这相当于将 *fill* 字符设为 ``'0'`` 并将 *alignment* 类型设为 ``'='``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:428 +msgid "" +"Preceding the *width* field by ``'0'`` no longer affects the default " +"alignment for strings." +msgstr "在 *width* 字段之前添加 ``'0'`` 不会再影响字符串的默认对齐。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:433 +msgid "" +"The *grouping* option after the *width* field specifies a digit group " +"separator for the integral part of a number. It can be one of the following:" +msgstr "在 *width* 字段之后的 *grouping* 选项指定用于数字的整数部分的数位组分隔符。 它可以为下列值之一：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:444 +msgid "``','``" +msgstr "``','``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:444 +msgid "" +"Inserts a comma every 3 digits for integer presentation type ``'d'`` and " +"floating-point presentation types, excluding ``'n'``. For other presentation" +" types, this option is not supported." +msgstr "对于整数表示类型 ``'d'`` 和 ``'n'`` 以外的浮点数表示类型每 3 个数位插入一个逗号。 对于其他表示类型，此选项不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:450 +msgid "``'_'``" +msgstr "``'_'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:450 +msgid "" +"Inserts an underscore every 3 digits for integer presentation type ``'d'`` " +"and floating-point presentation types, excluding ``'n'``. For integer " +"presentation types ``'b'``, ``'o'``, ``'x'``, and ``'X'``, underscores are " +"inserted every 4 digits. For other presentation types, this option is not " +"supported." +msgstr "" +"对于整数表示类型 ``'d'`` 和 ``'n'`` 以外的浮点数表示类型，每 3 个数位插入一个下划线。 对于整数表示类型 ``'b'``, " +"``'o'``, ``'x'`` 和 ``'X'``，则每 4 个数位插入一个下划线。 对于其他表示类型，此选项不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:460 +msgid "" +"For a locale aware separator, use the ``'n'`` presentation type instead." +msgstr "想要能感知语言区域的分隔符，请改用 ``'n'`` 表示类型。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:462 +msgid "Added the ``','`` option (see also :pep:`378`)." +msgstr "添加了 ``','`` 选项 (另请参阅 :pep:`378`)。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:465 +msgid "Added the ``'_'`` option (see also :pep:`515`)." +msgstr "添加了 ``'_'`` 选项 (另请参阅 :pep:`515`)。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:468 +msgid "" +"The *precision* is a decimal integer indicating how many digits should be " +"displayed after the decimal point for presentation types ``'f'`` and " +"``'F'``, or before and after the decimal point for presentation types " +"``'g'`` or ``'G'``. For string presentation types the field indicates the " +"maximum field size - in other words, how many characters will be used from " +"the field content. The *precision* is not allowed for integer presentation " +"types." +msgstr "" +"*precision* 是一个十进制整数，它表示对于以表示类型 ``'f'`` 和 ``'F'`` " +"格式化的数值应当在小数点后显示多少个数位，或者对于以表示类型 ``'g'`` 或 ``'G'`` 格式化的数值应当在小数点前后显示多少个数位。 " +"对于字符串表示类型，该字段表示最大的字段大小 ——换句话说，就是要使用多少个来自字段内容的字符。不允许对整数表示类型指定 *precision* 字段。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:476 +msgid "Finally, the *type* determines how the data should be presented." +msgstr "最后，*type* 确定了数据应如何呈现。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:478 +msgid "The available string presentation types are:" +msgstr "可用的字符串表示类型是：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:481 ../../library/string.rst:492 +#: ../../library/string.rst:527 +msgid "Type" +msgstr "类型" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:483 +msgid "``'s'``" +msgstr "``'s'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:483 +msgid "" +"String format. This is the default type for strings and may be omitted." +msgstr "字符串格式。这是字符串的默认类型，可以省略。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:486 ../../library/string.rst:515 +#: ../../library/string.rst:601 +msgid "None" +msgstr "None" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:486 +msgid "The same as ``'s'``." +msgstr "和 ``'s'`` 一样。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:489 +msgid "The available integer presentation types are:" +msgstr "可用的整数表示类型是：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:494 +msgid "``'b'``" +msgstr "``'b'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:494 +msgid "Binary format. Outputs the number in base 2." +msgstr "二进制格式。 输出以 2 为基数的数字。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:496 +msgid "``'c'``" +msgstr "``'c'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Character. Converts the integer to the corresponding unicode character " +"before printing." +msgstr "字符。在打印之前将整数转换为相应的unicode字符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:499 +msgid "``'d'``" +msgstr "``'d'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:499 +msgid "Decimal Integer. Outputs the number in base 10." +msgstr "十进制整数。 输出以 10 为基数的数字。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:501 +msgid "``'o'``" +msgstr "``'o'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:501 +msgid "Octal format. Outputs the number in base 8." +msgstr "八进制格式。 输出以 8 为基数的数字。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:503 +msgid "``'x'``" +msgstr "``'x'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:503 +msgid "" +"Hex format. Outputs the number in base 16, using lower-case letters for the " +"digits above 9." +msgstr "十六进制格式。 输出以 16 为基数的数字，使用小写字母表示 9 以上的数码。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:506 +msgid "``'X'``" +msgstr "``'X'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Hex format. Outputs the number in base 16, using upper-case letters for the " +"digits above 9. In case ``'#'`` is specified, the prefix ``'0x'`` will be " +"upper-cased to ``'0X'`` as well." +msgstr "" +"十六进制格式。 输出以 16 为基数的数字，使用大写字母表示 9 以上的数码。 在指定 ``'#'`` 的情况下，前缀 ``'0x'`` " +"也将被转为大写形式 ``'0X'``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:511 ../../library/string.rst:593 +msgid "``'n'``" +msgstr "``'n'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Number. This is the same as ``'d'``, except that it uses the current locale " +"setting to insert the appropriate digit group separators." +msgstr "数字。 这与 ``'d'`` 相似，区别在于它会使用当前语言区域设置来插入适当的数字组分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:515 +msgid "The same as ``'d'``." +msgstr "和 ``'d'`` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:518 +msgid "" +"In addition to the above presentation types, integers can be formatted with " +"the floating-point presentation types listed below (except ``'n'`` and " +"``None``). When doing so, :func:`float` is used to convert the integer to a " +"floating-point number before formatting." +msgstr "" +"在上述的表示类型之外，整数还可以通过下列的浮点表示类型来格式化 (除了 ``'n'`` 和 ``None``)。 当这样做时，会在格式化之前使用 " +":func:`float` 将整数转换为浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:523 +msgid "" +"The available presentation types for :class:`float` and " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` values are:" +msgstr ":class:`float` 和 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 值的可用表示类型有:" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:529 +msgid "``'e'``" +msgstr "``'e'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:529 +msgid "" +"Scientific notation. For a given precision ``p``, formats the number in " +"scientific notation with the letter 'e' separating the coefficient from the " +"exponent. The coefficient has one digit before and ``p`` digits after the " +"decimal point, for a total of ``p + 1`` significant digits. With no " +"precision given, uses a precision of ``6`` digits after the decimal point " +"for :class:`float`, and shows all coefficient digits for " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal`. If ``p=0``, the decimal point is omitted unless " +"the ``#`` option is used." +msgstr "" +"科学计数法。 对于给定的精度 ``p``，将数字格式化为以字母 'e' 分隔系数和指数的科学计数法表示形式。 系数在小数点之前有一位而在之后有 " +"``p`` 位，总计 ``p + 1`` 个有效数位。 如未指定精度，则会对 :class:`float` 采用小数点之后 ``6`` 位精度，而对 " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` 则显示所有系数位。 如果 ``p=0``，则小数点会被略去，除非使用了 ``#`` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:540 +msgid "``'E'``" +msgstr "``'E'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:540 +msgid "" +"Scientific notation. Same as ``'e'`` except it uses an upper case 'E' as the" +" separator character." +msgstr "科学计数法。 与 ``'e'`` 相似，不同之处在于它使用大写字母 'E' 作为分隔字符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:543 +msgid "``'f'``" +msgstr "``'f'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Fixed-point notation. For a given precision ``p``, formats the number as a " +"decimal number with exactly ``p`` digits following the decimal point. With " +"no precision given, uses a precision of ``6`` digits after the decimal point" +" for :class:`float`, and uses a precision large enough to show all " +"coefficient digits for :class:`~decimal.Decimal`. If ``p=0``, the decimal " +"point is omitted unless the ``#`` option is used." +msgstr "" +"定点表示法。 对于给定的精度 ``p``，将数字格式化为小数点之后恰好有 ``p`` 位的小数形式。 如未指定精度，则会对 :class:`float`" +" 采用小数点之后 ``6`` 位精度，而对 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 则使用大到足够显示所有系数位的精度。 如果 " +"``p=0``，则小数点会被略去，除非使用了 ``#`` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:552 +msgid "``'F'``" +msgstr "``'F'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:552 +msgid "" +"Fixed-point notation. Same as ``'f'``, but converts ``nan`` to ``NAN`` and " +"``inf`` to ``INF``." +msgstr "定点表示。 与 ``'f'`` 相似，但会将 ``nan`` 转为 ``NAN`` 并将 ``inf`` 转为 ``INF``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:555 +msgid "``'g'``" +msgstr "``'g'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:555 +msgid "" +"General format. For a given precision ``p >= 1``, this rounds the number to" +" ``p`` significant digits and then formats the result in either fixed-point " +"format or in scientific notation, depending on its magnitude. A precision of" +" ``0`` is treated as equivalent to a precision of ``1``." +msgstr "" +"常规格式。 对于给定精度 ``p >= 1``，这会将数值舍入到 ``p`` " +"个有效数位，再将结果以定点表示法或科学计数法进行格式化，具体取决于其值的大小。 精度 ``0`` 会被视为等价于精度 ``1``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:562 +msgid "" +"The precise rules are as follows: suppose that the result formatted with " +"presentation type ``'e'`` and precision ``p-1`` would have exponent ``exp``." +" Then, if ``m <= exp < p``, where ``m`` is -4 for floats and -6 for " +":class:`Decimals `, the number is formatted with " +"presentation type ``'f'`` and precision ``p-1-exp``. Otherwise, the number " +"is formatted with presentation type ``'e'`` and precision ``p-1``. In both " +"cases insignificant trailing zeros are removed from the significand, and the" +" decimal point is also removed if there are no remaining digits following " +"it, unless the ``'#'`` option is used." +msgstr "" +"准确的规则如下：假设使用表示类型 ``'e'`` 和精度 ``p-1`` 进行格式化的结果具有指数值 ``exp``。 那么如果 ``m <= exp " +"< p``，其中 ``m`` 以 -4 表示浮点值而以 -6 表示 :class:`Decimal ` " +"值，该数字将使用类型 ``'f'`` 和精度 ``p-1-exp`` 进行格式化。 否则的话，该数字将使用表示类型 ``'e'`` 和精度 " +"``p-1`` 进行格式化。 在两种情况下，都会从有效数字中移除无意义的末尾零，如果小数点之后没有余下数字则小数点也会被移除，除非使用了 ``'#'``" +" 选项。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:575 +msgid "" +"With no precision given, uses a precision of ``6`` significant digits for " +":class:`float`. For :class:`~decimal.Decimal`, the coefficient of the result" +" is formed from the coefficient digits of the value; scientific notation is " +"used for values smaller than ``1e-6`` in absolute value and values where the" +" place value of the least significant digit is larger than 1, and fixed-" +"point notation is used otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如未指定精度，会对 :class:`float` 采用 ``6`` 个有效数位的精度。 对于 " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal`，结果的系数会沿用原值的系数数位；对于绝对值小于 ``1e-6`` 的值以及最小有效数位的位值大于 1" +" 的数值将会使用科学计数法，在其他情况下则会使用定点表示法。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Positive and negative infinity, positive and negative zero, and nans, are " +"formatted as ``inf``, ``-inf``, ``0``, ``-0`` and ``nan`` respectively, " +"regardless of the precision." +msgstr "" +"正负无穷，正负零和 nan 会分别被格式化为 ``inf``, ``-inf``, ``0``, ``-0`` 和 ``nan``，无论精度如何设定。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:589 +msgid "``'G'``" +msgstr "``'G'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:589 +msgid "" +"General format. Same as ``'g'`` except switches to ``'E'`` if the number " +"gets too large. The representations of infinity and NaN are uppercased, too." +msgstr "常规格式。 类似于 ``'g'``，不同之处在于当数值非常大时会切换为 ``'E'``。 无穷与 NaN 也会表示为大写形式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:593 +msgid "" +"Number. This is the same as ``'g'``, except that it uses the current locale " +"setting to insert the appropriate digit group separators for the integral " +"part of a number." +msgstr "数字。 这与 ``'g'`` 相似，区别在于它会使用当前语言区域来为数字的整数部分插入适当的数字组分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:598 +msgid "``'%'``" +msgstr "``'%'``" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:598 +msgid "" +"Percentage. Multiplies the number by 100 and displays in fixed (``'f'``) " +"format, followed by a percent sign." +msgstr "百分比。 将数字乘以 100 并显示为定点 (``'f'``) 格式，后面带一个百分号。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:601 +msgid "" +"For :class:`float` this is like the ``'g'`` type, except that when fixed-" +"point notation is used to format the result, it always includes at least one" +" digit past the decimal point, and switches to the scientific notation when " +"``exp >= p - 1``. When the precision is not specified, the latter will be " +"as large as needed to represent the given value faithfully." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`float` 来说这类似于 ``'g'`` 类型，不同之处在于当使用定点表示形式来格式化结果时，它将总是包括小数点后至少一位，并在" +" ``exp >= p - 1`` 时切换为科学计数法表示形式。 当未指定精度时，后者的精度将大到足以精确表示给定的值。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:609 +msgid "" +"For :class:`~decimal.Decimal`, this is the same as either ``'g'`` or ``'G'``" +" depending on the value of ``context.capitals`` for the current decimal " +"context." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 来说这相当于 ``'g'`` 或 ``'G'``，具体取决于当前 decimal 上下文的 " +"``context.capitals`` 值。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:613 +msgid "" +"The overall effect is to match the output of :func:`str` as altered by the " +"other format modifiers." +msgstr "总体效果是将 :func:`str` 的输出匹配为其他格式化因子所调整出的样子。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:617 +msgid "" +"The result should be correctly rounded to a given precision ``p`` of digits " +"after the decimal point. The rounding mode for :class:`float` matches that " +"of the :func:`round` builtin. For :class:`~decimal.Decimal`, the rounding " +"mode of the current :ref:`context ` will be used." +msgstr "" +"结果应当被正确地舍入到给定的小数点后 ``p`` 位精度。 针对 :class:`float` 的舍入模式与 :func:`round` " +"内置函数的相匹配。 对于 :class:`~decimal.Decimal`，将使用当前 :ref:`上下文 ` " +"的舍入模式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:622 +msgid "" +"The available presentation types for :class:`complex` are the same as those " +"for :class:`float` (``'%'`` is not allowed). Both the real and imaginary " +"components of a complex number are formatted as floating-point numbers, " +"according to the specified presentation type. They are separated by the " +"mandatory sign of the imaginary part, the latter being terminated by a ``j``" +" suffix. If the presentation type is missing, the result will match the " +"output of :func:`str` (complex numbers with a non-zero real part are also " +"surrounded by parentheses), possibly altered by other format modifiers." +msgstr "" +"针对 :class:`complex` 的可用表示类型与针对 :class:`float` 的相同（但 ``'%'`` 不被允许）。 " +"复数的实部和虚部都将被作为浮点数来格式化，使用指定的表示类型。 它们将以必须带有的虚部正负符号来分隔，虚部还将带有 ``j`` 后缀。 " +"如果未提供表示类型，结果将匹配 :func:`str` 的输出（具有非零实部的复数还将带有圆括号），并可能被其他格式说明符所修改。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:635 +msgid "Format examples" +msgstr "格式示例" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:637 +msgid "" +"This section contains examples of the :meth:`str.format` syntax and " +"comparison with the old ``%``-formatting." +msgstr "本节包含 :meth:`str.format` 语法的示例以及与旧式 ``%`` 格式化的比较。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:640 +msgid "" +"In most of the cases the syntax is similar to the old ``%``-formatting, with" +" the addition of the ``{}`` and with ``:`` used instead of ``%``. For " +"example, ``'%03.2f'`` can be translated to ``'{:03.2f}'``." +msgstr "" +"该语法在大多数情况下与旧式的 ``%`` 格式化类似，只是增加了 ``{}`` 和 ``:`` 来取代 ``%``。 例如，，``'%03.2f'`` " +"可以被改写为 ``'{:03.2f}'``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:644 +msgid "" +"The new format syntax also supports new and different options, shown in the " +"following examples." +msgstr "新的格式语法还支持新增的不同选项，将在以下示例中说明。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:647 +msgid "Accessing arguments by position::" +msgstr "按位置访问参数::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:649 +msgid "" +">>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')\n" +"'a, b, c'\n" +">>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') # 3.1+ only\n" +"'a, b, c'\n" +">>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')\n" +"'c, b, a'\n" +">>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc') # unpacking argument sequence\n" +"'c, b, a'\n" +">>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad') # arguments' indices can be repeated\n" +"'abracadabra'" +msgstr "" +">>> '{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')\n" +"'a, b, c'\n" +">>> '{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c') # 3.1+ only\n" +"'a, b, c'\n" +">>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c')\n" +"'c, b, a'\n" +">>> '{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc') # 解包参数序列\n" +"'c, b, a'\n" +">>> '{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad') # 参数的索引可重复使用\n" +"'abracadabra'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:660 +msgid "Accessing arguments by name::" +msgstr "按名称访问参数::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:662 +msgid "" +">>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')\n" +"'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'\n" +">>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}\n" +">>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord)\n" +"'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W')\n" +"'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'\n" +">>> coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}\n" +">>> 'Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord)\n" +"'Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:668 +msgid "Accessing arguments' attributes::" +msgstr "访问参数的属性::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:670 +msgid "" +">>> c = 3-5j\n" +">>> ('The complex number {0} is formed from the real part {0.real} '\n" +"... 'and the imaginary part {0.imag}.').format(c)\n" +"'The complex number (3-5j) is formed from the real part 3.0 and the imaginary part -5.0.'\n" +">>> class Point:\n" +"... def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +"... self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return 'Point({self.x}, {self.y})'.format(self=self)\n" +"...\n" +">>> str(Point(4, 2))\n" +"'Point(4, 2)'" +msgstr "" +">>> c = 3-5j\n" +">>> ('The complex number {0} is formed from the real part {0.real} '\n" +"... 'and the imaginary part {0.imag}.').format(c)\n" +"'The complex number (3-5j) is formed from the real part 3.0 and the imaginary part -5.0.'\n" +">>> class Point:\n" +"... def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +"... self.x, self.y = x, y\n" +"... def __str__(self):\n" +"... return 'Point({self.x}, {self.y})'.format(self=self)\n" +"...\n" +">>> str(Point(4, 2))\n" +"'Point(4, 2)'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:683 +msgid "Accessing arguments' items::" +msgstr "访问参数的项::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:685 +msgid "" +">>> coord = (3, 5)\n" +">>> 'X: {0[0]}; Y: {0[1]}'.format(coord)\n" +"'X: 3; Y: 5'" +msgstr "" +">>> coord = (3, 5)\n" +">>> 'X: {0[0]}; Y: {0[1]}'.format(coord)\n" +"'X: 3; Y: 5'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:689 +msgid "Replacing ``%s`` and ``%r``::" +msgstr "替代 ``%s`` 和 ``%r``::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:691 +msgid "" +">>> \"repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}\".format('test1', 'test2')\n" +"\"repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2\"" +msgstr "" +">>> \"repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}\".format('test1', 'test2')\n" +"\"repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2\"" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:694 +msgid "Aligning the text and specifying a width::" +msgstr "对齐文本以及指定宽度::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:696 +msgid "" +">>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')\n" +"'left aligned '\n" +">>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')\n" +"' right aligned'\n" +">>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')\n" +"' centered '\n" +">>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered') # use '*' as a fill char\n" +"'***********centered***********'" +msgstr "" +">>> '{:<30}'.format('left aligned')\n" +"'left aligned '\n" +">>> '{:>30}'.format('right aligned')\n" +"' right aligned'\n" +">>> '{:^30}'.format('centered')\n" +"' centered '\n" +">>> '{:*^30}'.format('centered') # 使用 '*' 作为填充字符\n" +"'***********centered***********'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:705 +msgid "Replacing ``%+f``, ``%-f``, and ``% f`` and specifying a sign::" +msgstr "替代 ``%+f``, ``%-f`` 和 ``% f`` 以及指定正负号::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:707 +msgid "" +">>> '{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show it always\n" +"'+3.140000; -3.140000'\n" +">>> '{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show a space for positive numbers\n" +"' 3.140000; -3.140000'\n" +">>> '{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # show only the minus -- same as '{:f}; {:f}'\n" +"'3.140000; -3.140000'" +msgstr "" +">>> '{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # 总是显示\n" +"'+3.140000; -3.140000'\n" +">>> '{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # 对正数显示一个空格\n" +"' 3.140000; -3.140000'\n" +">>> '{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14) # 只显示负号 -- 等同于 '{:f}; {:f}'\n" +"'3.140000; -3.140000'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Replacing ``%x`` and ``%o`` and converting the value to different bases::" +msgstr "替代 ``%x`` 和 ``%o`` 以及转换基于不同进位制的值::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:716 +msgid "" +">>> # format also supports binary numbers\n" +">>> \"int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}\".format(42)\n" +"'int: 42; hex: 2a; oct: 52; bin: 101010'\n" +">>> # with 0x, 0o, or 0b as prefix:\n" +">>> \"int: {0:d}; hex: {0:#x}; oct: {0:#o}; bin: {0:#b}\".format(42)\n" +"'int: 42; hex: 0x2a; oct: 0o52; bin: 0b101010'" +msgstr "" +">>> # 格式也支持二进制数\n" +">>> \"int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}\".format(42)\n" +"'int: 42; hex: 2a; oct: 52; bin: 101010'\n" +">>> # with 0x, 0o, or 0b as prefix:\n" +">>> \"int: {0:d}; hex: {0:#x}; oct: {0:#o}; bin: {0:#b}\".format(42)\n" +"'int: 42; hex: 0x2a; oct: 0o52; bin: 0b101010'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:723 +msgid "Using the comma or the underscore as a digit group separator::" +msgstr "使用逗号或下划线作为数字组分隔符::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:725 +msgid "" +">>> '{:,}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'1,234,567,890'\n" +">>> '{:_}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'1_234_567_890'\n" +">>> '{:_b}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'100_1001_1001_0110_0000_0010_1101_0010'\n" +">>> '{:_x}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'4996_02d2'" +msgstr "" +">>> '{:,}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'1,234,567,890'\n" +">>> '{:_}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'1_234_567_890'\n" +">>> '{:_b}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'100_1001_1001_0110_0000_0010_1101_0010'\n" +">>> '{:_x}'.format(1234567890)\n" +"'4996_02d2'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:734 +msgid "Expressing a percentage::" +msgstr "表示为百分数::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:736 +msgid "" +">>> points = 19\n" +">>> total = 22\n" +">>> 'Correct answers: {:.2%}'.format(points/total)\n" +"'Correct answers: 86.36%'" +msgstr "" +">>> points = 19\n" +">>> total = 22\n" +">>> 'Correct answers: {:.2%}'.format(points/total)\n" +"'Correct answers: 86.36%'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:741 +msgid "Using type-specific formatting::" +msgstr "使用特定类型的专属格式化::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:743 +msgid "" +">>> import datetime\n" +">>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)\n" +">>> '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)\n" +"'2010-07-04 12:15:58'" +msgstr "" +">>> import datetime\n" +">>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)\n" +">>> '{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)\n" +"'2010-07-04 12:15:58'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:748 +msgid "Nesting arguments and more complex examples::" +msgstr "嵌套参数以及更复杂的示例::" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:750 +msgid "" +">>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']):\n" +"... '{0:{fill}{align}16}'.format(text, fill=align, align=align)\n" +"...\n" +"'left<<<<<<<<<<<<'\n" +"'^^^^^center^^^^^'\n" +"'>>>>>>>>>>>right'\n" +">>>\n" +">>> octets = [192, 168, 0, 1]\n" +">>> '{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(*octets)\n" +"'C0A80001'\n" +">>> int(_, 16)\n" +"3232235521\n" +">>>\n" +">>> width = 5\n" +">>> for num in range(5,12):\n" +"... for base in 'dXob':\n" +"... print('{0:{width}{base}}'.format(num, base=base, width=width), end=' ')\n" +"... print()\n" +"...\n" +" 5 5 5 101\n" +" 6 6 6 110\n" +" 7 7 7 111\n" +" 8 8 10 1000\n" +" 9 9 11 1001\n" +" 10 A 12 1010\n" +" 11 B 13 1011" +msgstr "" +">>> for align, text in zip('<^>', ['left', 'center', 'right']):\n" +"... '{0:{fill}{align}16}'.format(text, fill=align, align=align)\n" +"...\n" +"'left<<<<<<<<<<<<'\n" +"'^^^^^center^^^^^'\n" +"'>>>>>>>>>>>right'\n" +">>>\n" +">>> octets = [192, 168, 0, 1]\n" +">>> '{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}'.format(*octets)\n" +"'C0A80001'\n" +">>> int(_, 16)\n" +"3232235521\n" +">>>\n" +">>> width = 5\n" +">>> for num in range(5,12):\n" +"... for base in 'dXob':\n" +"... print('{0:{width}{base}}'.format(num, base=base, width=width), end=' ')\n" +"... print()\n" +"...\n" +" 5 5 5 101\n" +" 6 6 6 110\n" +" 7 7 7 111\n" +" 8 8 10 1000\n" +" 9 9 11 1001\n" +" 10 A 12 1010\n" +" 11 B 13 1011" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:782 +msgid "Template strings" +msgstr "模板字符串" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Template strings provide simpler string substitutions as described in " +":pep:`292`. A primary use case for template strings is for " +"internationalization (i18n) since in that context, the simpler syntax and " +"functionality makes it easier to translate than other built-in string " +"formatting facilities in Python. As an example of a library built on " +"template strings for i18n, see the `flufl.i18n " +"`_ package." +msgstr "" +"模板字符串提供了由 :pep:`292` 所描述的更简便的字符串替换方式。 模板字符串的一个主要用例是文本国际化 " +"(i18n)，因为在此情境下，更简单的语法和功能使得文本翻译过程比使用 Python 的其他内置字符串格式化工具更方便。 作为基于模板字符串构建以实现 " +"i18n 的库的一个例子，请参看 `flufl.i18n `_" +" 包。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Template strings support ``$``-based substitutions, using the following " +"rules:" +msgstr "模板字符串支持基于 ``$`` 的替换，使用以下规则：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:796 +msgid "``$$`` is an escape; it is replaced with a single ``$``." +msgstr "``$$`` 为转义符号；它会被替换为单个的 ``$``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:798 +msgid "" +"``$identifier`` names a substitution placeholder matching a mapping key of " +"``\"identifier\"``. By default, ``\"identifier\"`` is restricted to any " +"case-insensitive ASCII alphanumeric string (including underscores) that " +"starts with an underscore or ASCII letter. The first non-identifier " +"character after the ``$`` character terminates this placeholder " +"specification." +msgstr "" +"``$identifier`` 为替换占位符，它会匹配一个名为 ``\"identifier\"`` 的映射键。 " +"在默认情况下，``\"identifier\"`` 限制为任意 ASCII 字母数字（包括下划线）组成的字符串，不区分大小写，以下划线或 ASCII " +"字母开头。 在 ``$`` 字符之后的第一个非标识符字符将表明占位符的终结。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:805 +msgid "" +"``${identifier}`` is equivalent to ``$identifier``. It is required when " +"valid identifier characters follow the placeholder but are not part of the " +"placeholder, such as ``\"${noun}ification\"``." +msgstr "" +"``${identifier}`` 等价于 ``$identifier``。 当占位符之后紧跟着有效的但又不是占位符一部分的标识符字符时需要使用，例如 " +"``\"${noun}ification\"``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Any other appearance of ``$`` in the string will result in a " +":exc:`ValueError` being raised." +msgstr "在字符串的其他位置出现 ``$`` 将导致引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:812 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`string` module provides a :class:`Template` class that implements " +"these rules. The methods of :class:`Template` are:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`string` 模块提供了实现这些规则的 :class:`Template` 类。 :class:`Template` 有下列方法：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:818 +msgid "The constructor takes a single argument which is the template string." +msgstr "该构造器接受一个参数作为模板字符串。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:823 +msgid "" +"Performs the template substitution, returning a new string. *mapping* is " +"any dictionary-like object with keys that match the placeholders in the " +"template. Alternatively, you can provide keyword arguments, where the " +"keywords are the placeholders. When both *mapping* and *kwds* are given and" +" there are duplicates, the placeholders from *kwds* take precedence." +msgstr "" +"执行模板替换，返回一个新字符串。 *mapping* 为任意字典类对象，其中的键将匹配模板中的占位符。 " +"或者你也可以提供一组关键字参数，其中的关键字即对应占位符。 当同时给出 *mapping* 和 *kwds* 并且存在重复时，则以 *kwds* " +"中的占位符为优先。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:832 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`substitute`, except that if placeholders are missing from " +"*mapping* and *kwds*, instead of raising a :exc:`KeyError` exception, the " +"original placeholder will appear in the resulting string intact. Also, " +"unlike with :meth:`substitute`, any other appearances of the ``$`` will " +"simply return ``$`` instead of raising :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`substitute`，不同之处是如果有占位符未在 *mapping* 和 *kwds* 中找到，不是引发 " +":exc:`KeyError` 异常，而是将原始占位符不加修改地显示在结果字符串中。 另一个与 :meth:`substitute` " +"的差异是任何在其他情况下出现的 ``$`` 将简单地返回 ``$`` 而不是引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:838 +msgid "" +"While other exceptions may still occur, this method is called \"safe\" " +"because it always tries to return a usable string instead of raising an " +"exception. In another sense, :meth:`safe_substitute` may be anything other " +"than safe, since it will silently ignore malformed templates containing " +"dangling delimiters, unmatched braces, or placeholders that are not valid " +"Python identifiers." +msgstr "" +"此方法被认为“安全”，因为虽然仍有可能发生其他异常，但它总是尝试返回可用的字符串而不是引发一个异常。 " +"从另一方面来说，:meth:`safe_substitute` " +"也可能根本算不上安全，因为它将静默地忽略错误格式的模板，例如包含多余的分隔符、不成对的花括号或不是合法 Python 标识符的占位符等等。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:848 +msgid "" +"Returns false if the template has invalid placeholders that will cause " +":meth:`substitute` to raise :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "如果模板有会导致 :meth:`substitute` 引发 :exc:`ValueError` 的无效占位符则返回假值。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Returns a list of the valid identifiers in the template, in the order they " +"first appear, ignoring any invalid identifiers." +msgstr "返回模板中有效占位符的列表，按它们首次出现的顺序排列，忽略任何无效标识符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:861 +msgid ":class:`Template` instances also provide one public data attribute:" +msgstr ":class:`Template` 的实例还提供一个公有数据属性：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:865 +msgid "" +"This is the object passed to the constructor's *template* argument. In " +"general, you shouldn't change it, but read-only access is not enforced." +msgstr "这是作为构造器的 *template* 参数被传入的对象。 一般来说，你不应该修改它，但并不强制要求只读访问。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:868 +msgid "Here is an example of how to use a Template::" +msgstr "以下是一个如何使用模版的示例：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:870 +msgid "" +">>> from string import Template\n" +">>> s = Template('$who likes $what')\n" +">>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')\n" +"'tim likes kung pao'\n" +">>> d = dict(who='tim')\n" +">>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 11\n" +">>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"KeyError: 'what'\n" +">>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)\n" +"'tim likes $what'" +msgstr "" +">>> from string import Template\n" +">>> s = Template('$who likes $what')\n" +">>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')\n" +"'tim likes kung pao'\n" +">>> d = dict(who='tim')\n" +">>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 11\n" +">>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"KeyError: 'what'\n" +">>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)\n" +"'tim likes $what'" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:886 +msgid "" +"Advanced usage: you can derive subclasses of :class:`Template` to customize " +"the placeholder syntax, delimiter character, or the entire regular " +"expression used to parse template strings. To do this, you can override " +"these class attributes:" +msgstr "" +"进阶用法：你可以派生 :class:`Template` 的子类来自定义占位符语法、分隔符，或用于解析模板字符串的整个正则表达式。 " +"为此目的，你可以重载这些类属性：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:891 +msgid "" +"*delimiter* -- This is the literal string describing a placeholder " +"introducing delimiter. The default value is ``$``. Note that this should " +"*not* be a regular expression, as the implementation will call " +":meth:`re.escape` on this string as needed. Note further that you cannot " +"change the delimiter after class creation (i.e. a different delimiter must " +"be set in the subclass's class namespace)." +msgstr "" +"*delimiter* -- 这是用来表示占位符的起始的分隔符的字符串字面值。 默认值为 ``$``。 请注意此参数 *不能* " +"为正则表达式，因为其实现将在必要时对此字符串调用 :meth:`re.escape`。 " +"还要注意你不能在创建类之后改变此分隔符（例如在子类的类命名空间中必须设置不同的分隔符）。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:898 +msgid "" +"*idpattern* -- This is the regular expression describing the pattern for " +"non-braced placeholders. The default value is the regular expression " +"``(?a:[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)``. If this is given and *braceidpattern* is " +"``None`` this pattern will also apply to braced placeholders." +msgstr "" +"*idpattern* -- 这是用来描述不带花括号的占位符的模式的正则表达式。 默认值为正则表达式 " +"``(?a:[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)``。 如果给出了此属性并且 *braceidpattern* 为 ``None`` " +"则此模式也将作用于带花括号的占位符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:905 +msgid "" +"Since default *flags* is ``re.IGNORECASE``, pattern ``[a-z]`` can match with" +" some non-ASCII characters. That's why we use the local ``a`` flag here." +msgstr "" +"由于默认的 *flags* 为 ``re.IGNORECASE``，模式 ``[a-z]`` 可以匹配某些非 ASCII 字符。 " +"因此我们在这里使用了局部旗标 ``a``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:909 +msgid "" +"*braceidpattern* can be used to define separate patterns used inside and " +"outside the braces." +msgstr "*braceidpattern* 可被用来定义对花括号内部和外部进行区分的模式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:913 +msgid "" +"*braceidpattern* -- This is like *idpattern* but describes the pattern for " +"braced placeholders. Defaults to ``None`` which means to fall back to " +"*idpattern* (i.e. the same pattern is used both inside and outside braces). " +"If given, this allows you to define different patterns for braced and " +"unbraced placeholders." +msgstr "" +"*braceidpattern* -- 此属性类似于 *idpattern* 但是用来描述带花括号的占位符的模式。 默认值 ``None`` " +"意味着回退到 *idpattern* (即在花括号内部和外部使用相同的模式)。 如果给出此属性，这将允许你为带花括号和不带花括号的占位符定义不同的模式。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:921 +msgid "" +"*flags* -- The regular expression flags that will be applied when compiling " +"the regular expression used for recognizing substitutions. The default " +"value is ``re.IGNORECASE``. Note that ``re.VERBOSE`` will always be added " +"to the flags, so custom *idpattern*\\ s must follow conventions for verbose " +"regular expressions." +msgstr "" +"*flags* -- 将在编译用于识别替换内容的正则表达式被应用的正则表达式旗标。 默认值为 ``re.IGNORECASE``。 请注意 " +"``re.VERBOSE`` 总是会被加为旗标，因此自定义的 *idpattern* 必须遵循详细正则表达式的约定。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, you can provide the entire regular expression pattern by " +"overriding the class attribute *pattern*. If you do this, the value must be" +" a regular expression object with four named capturing groups. The " +"capturing groups correspond to the rules given above, along with the invalid" +" placeholder rule:" +msgstr "" +"作为另一种选项，你可以通过重载类属性 *pattern* 来提供整个正则表达式模式。 如果你这样做，该值必须为一个具有四个命名捕获组的正则表达式对象。 " +"这些捕获组对应于上面已经给出的规则，以及无效占位符的规则：" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:935 +msgid "" +"*escaped* -- This group matches the escape sequence, e.g. ``$$``, in the " +"default pattern." +msgstr "*escaped* -- 这个组匹配转义序列，在默认模式中即 ``$$``。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:938 +msgid "" +"*named* -- This group matches the unbraced placeholder name; it should not " +"include the delimiter in capturing group." +msgstr "*named* -- 这个组匹配不带花括号的占位符名称；它不应当包含捕获组中的分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:941 +msgid "" +"*braced* -- This group matches the brace enclosed placeholder name; it " +"should not include either the delimiter or braces in the capturing group." +msgstr "*braced* -- 这个组匹配带有花括号的占位符名称；它不应当包含捕获组中的分隔符或者花括号。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:944 +msgid "" +"*invalid* -- This group matches any other delimiter pattern (usually a " +"single delimiter), and it should appear last in the regular expression." +msgstr "*invalid* -- 这个组匹配任何其他分隔符模式（通常为单个分隔符），并且它应当出现在正则表达式的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:947 +msgid "" +"The methods on this class will raise :exc:`ValueError` if the pattern " +"matches the template without one of these named groups matching." +msgstr "如果模式匹配模板但这些命名分组均不匹配则该类上的方法将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:952 +msgid "Helper functions" +msgstr "辅助函数" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:956 +msgid "" +"Split the argument into words using :meth:`str.split`, capitalize each word " +"using :meth:`str.capitalize`, and join the capitalized words using " +":meth:`str.join`. If the optional second argument *sep* is absent or " +"``None``, runs of whitespace characters are replaced by a single space and " +"leading and trailing whitespace are removed, otherwise *sep* is used to " +"split and join the words." +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`str.split` 将参数拆分为单词，使用 :meth:`str.capitalize` 将单词转为大写形式，使用 " +":meth:`str.join` 将大写的单词进行拼接。 如果可选的第二个参数 *sep* 被省略或为 " +"``None``，则连续的空白字符会被替换为单个空格符并且开头和末尾的空白字符会被移除，否则 *sep* 会被用来拆分和拼接单词。" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:202 +msgid "{} (curly brackets)" +msgstr "{} (花括号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:202 ../../library/string.rst:344 +#: ../../library/string.rst:377 ../../library/string.rst:396 +#: ../../library/string.rst:405 ../../library/string.rst:437 +msgid "in string formatting" +msgstr "在字符串格式化中" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:202 +msgid ". (dot)" +msgstr ". (点号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:202 +msgid "[] (square brackets)" +msgstr "[] (方括号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:202 +msgid "! (exclamation)" +msgstr "! (感叹号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:202 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:344 +msgid "< (less)" +msgstr "< (小于号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:344 +msgid "> (greater)" +msgstr "> (大于号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:344 +msgid "= (equals)" +msgstr "= (等于号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:344 +msgid "^ (caret)" +msgstr "^ (脱字号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:377 +msgid "+ (plus)" +msgstr "+ (加号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:377 +msgid "- (minus)" +msgstr "- (减号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:396 +msgid "z" +msgstr "z" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:405 +msgid "# (hash)" +msgstr "# (hash)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:437 +msgid ", (comma)" +msgstr ", (逗号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:437 +msgid "_ (underscore)" +msgstr "_ (下划线)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:792 +msgid "$ (dollar)" +msgstr "$ (货币符号)" + +#: ../../library/string.rst:792 +msgid "in template strings" +msgstr "在模板字符串中" diff --git a/library/stringprep.po b/library/stringprep.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..410e1dc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/stringprep.po @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!stringprep` --- Internet String Preparation" +msgstr ":mod:`!stringprep` --- 因特网字符串预处理" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/stringprep.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/stringprep.py`" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:14 +msgid "" +"When identifying things (such as host names) in the internet, it is often " +"necessary to compare such identifications for \"equality\". Exactly how this" +" comparison is executed may depend on the application domain, e.g. whether " +"it should be case-insensitive or not. It may be also necessary to restrict " +"the possible identifications, to allow only identifications consisting of " +"\"printable\" characters." +msgstr "" +"在标识因特网上的事物（例如主机名），经常需要比较这些标识是否（相等）。 这种比较的具体执行可能会取决于应用域的不同，例如是否要区分大小写等等。 " +"有时也可能需要限制允许的标识为仅由“可打印”字符组成。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:21 +msgid "" +":rfc:`3454` defines a procedure for \"preparing\" Unicode strings in " +"internet protocols. Before passing strings onto the wire, they are processed" +" with the preparation procedure, after which they have a certain normalized " +"form. The RFC defines a set of tables, which can be combined into profiles. " +"Each profile must define which tables it uses, and what other optional parts" +" of the ``stringprep`` procedure are part of the profile. One example of a " +"``stringprep`` profile is ``nameprep``, which is used for internationalized " +"domain names." +msgstr "" +":rfc:`3454` 定义了在因特网协议中 Unicode 字符串的“预备”过程。 " +"在将字符串连线传输之前，它们会先使用预备过程进行处理，之后它们将具有特定的标准形式。 该 RFC 定义了一系列表格，它们可以被组合为选项配置。 " +"每个配置必须定义所使用的表格，``stringprep`` 过程的其他可选项也是配置的组成部分。 ``stringprep`` 配置的一个例子是 " +"``nameprep``，它被用于国际化域名。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The module :mod:`stringprep` only exposes the tables from :rfc:`3454`. As " +"these tables would be very large to represent as dictionaries or lists, the " +"module uses the Unicode character database internally. The module source " +"code itself was generated using the ``mkstringprep.py`` utility." +msgstr "" +":mod:`stringprep` 模块只公开了来自 :rfc:`3454` 的表格。 " +"由于以字典或列表形式表示这些表格将会非常庞大，因此该模块在内部使用 Unicode 字符数据库。 该模块本身的源代码是使用 " +"``mkstringprep.py`` 工具生成的。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:34 +msgid "" +"As a result, these tables are exposed as functions, not as data structures. " +"There are two kinds of tables in the RFC: sets and mappings. For a set, " +":mod:`stringprep` provides the \"characteristic function\", i.e. a function " +"that returns ``True`` if the parameter is part of the set. For mappings, it " +"provides the mapping function: given the key, it returns the associated " +"value. Below is a list of all functions available in the module." +msgstr "" +"因此，这些表格以函数而非数据结构的形式公开。 在 RFC 中有两种表格：集合与映射。 对于集合，:mod:`stringprep` " +"提供了“特征函数”，即如果形参是集合的一部分则返回值为 ``True`` 的函数。 对于映射，它提供了映射函数：它会根据给定的键返回所关联的值。 " +"以下是模块中所有可用函数的列表。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableA.1 (Unassigned code points in Unicode " +"3.2)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableA.1 (Unicode 3.2 中的未分配码位)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:49 +msgid "Determine whether *code* is in tableB.1 (Commonly mapped to nothing)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableB.1 (通常映射为空值)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Return the mapped value for *code* according to tableB.2 (Mapping for case-" +"folding used with NFKC)." +msgstr "返回 *code* 依据 tableB.2 (配合 NFKC 使用的大小写转换映射) 所映射的值。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Return the mapped value for *code* according to tableB.3 (Mapping for case-" +"folding used with no normalization)." +msgstr "返回 *code* 依据 tableB.3 (不附带正规化的大小写折叠映射) 所映射的值。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:66 +msgid "Determine whether *code* is in tableC.1.1 (ASCII space characters)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.1.1 (ASCII 空白字符)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableC.1.2 (Non-ASCII space characters)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.1.2 (非 ASCII 空白字符)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableC.1 (Space characters, union of C.1.1 " +"and C.1.2)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.1 (空白字符，C.1.1 和 C.1.2 的并集)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:82 +msgid "Determine whether *code* is in tableC.2.1 (ASCII control characters)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.2.1 (ASCII 控制字符)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableC.2.2 (Non-ASCII control characters)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.2.2 (非 ASCII 控制字符)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableC.2 (Control characters, union of C.2.1" +" and C.2.2)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.2 (控制字符，C.2.1 和 C.2.2 的并集)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:98 +msgid "Determine whether *code* is in tableC.3 (Private use)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.3 (私有使用)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:103 +msgid "Determine whether *code* is in tableC.4 (Non-character code points)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.4 (非字符码位)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:108 +msgid "Determine whether *code* is in tableC.5 (Surrogate codes)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.5 (替代码)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableC.6 (Inappropriate for plain text)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.6 (不适用于纯文本)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableC.7 (Inappropriate for canonical " +"representation)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.7 (不适用于规范表示)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableC.8 (Change display properties or are " +"deprecated)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.8 (改变显示属性或已弃用)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:130 +msgid "Determine whether *code* is in tableC.9 (Tagging characters)." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableC.9 (标记字符)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableD.1 (Characters with bidirectional " +"property \"R\" or \"AL\")." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableD.1 (带有双向属性 \"R\" 或 \"AL\" 的字符)。" + +#: ../../library/stringprep.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Determine whether *code* is in tableD.2 (Characters with bidirectional " +"property \"L\")." +msgstr "确定 *code* 是否属于 tableD.2 (带有双向属性 \"L\" 的字符)。" diff --git a/library/struct.po b/library/struct.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb1d452b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/struct.po @@ -0,0 +1,1246 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# walkinrain , 2022 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# lit, 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-31 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: lit, 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!struct` --- Interpret bytes as packed binary data" +msgstr ":mod:`!struct` --- 将字节串解读为打包的二进制数据" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/struct.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/struct.py`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:19 +msgid "" +"This module converts between Python values and C structs represented as " +"Python :class:`bytes` objects. Compact :ref:`format strings ` describe the intended conversions to/from Python values. The " +"module's functions and objects can be used for two largely distinct " +"applications, data exchange with external sources (files or network " +"connections), or data transfer between the Python application and the C " +"layer." +msgstr "" +"此模块可在 Python 值和以 Python :class:`bytes` 对象表示的 C 结构体之间进行转换。 通过紧凑 :ref:`格式字符串 " +"` 描述预期的 Python 值转换目标/来源。 " +"此模块的函数和对象可被用于两种相当不同的应用程序，与外部源（文件或网络连接）进行数据交换，或者在 Python 应用和 C 层级之间进行数据传输。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:29 +msgid "" +"When no prefix character is given, native mode is the default. It packs or " +"unpacks data based on the platform and compiler on which the Python " +"interpreter was built. The result of packing a given C struct includes pad " +"bytes which maintain proper alignment for the C types involved; similarly, " +"alignment is taken into account when unpacking. In contrast, when " +"communicating data between external sources, the programmer is responsible " +"for defining byte ordering and padding between elements. See :ref:`struct-" +"alignment` for details." +msgstr "" +"当未给出前缀字符时，将默认为原生模式。 它会基于构建 Python 解释器的平台和编译器来打包和解包数据。 打包一个给定 C 结构体的结果包括为所涉及的" +" C 类型保持正确对齐的填充字节；类似地，当解包时也会将对齐纳入考虑。 " +"相反地，当在外部源之间进行数据通信时，将由程序员负责定义字节顺序和元素之间的填充。 请参阅 :ref:`struct-alignment` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Several :mod:`struct` functions (and methods of :class:`Struct`) take a " +"*buffer* argument. This refers to objects that implement the " +":ref:`bufferobjects` and provide either a readable or read-writable buffer." +" The most common types used for that purpose are :class:`bytes` and " +":class:`bytearray`, but many other types that can be viewed as an array of " +"bytes implement the buffer protocol, so that they can be read/filled without" +" additional copying from a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "" +"某些 :mod:`struct` 的函数（以及 :class:`Struct` 的方法）接受一个 *buffer* 参数。 这将指向实现了 " +":ref:`bufferobjects` 并提供只读或是可读写缓冲的对象。 用于此目的的最常见类型为 :class:`bytes` 和 " +":class:`bytearray`，但许多其他可被视为字节数组的类型也实现了缓冲协议，因此它们无需额外从 :class:`bytes` " +"对象复制即可被读取或填充。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:48 +msgid "Functions and Exceptions" +msgstr "函数和异常" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:50 +msgid "The module defines the following exception and functions:" +msgstr "此模块定义了下列异常和函数：" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Exception raised on various occasions; argument is a string describing what " +"is wrong." +msgstr "会在多种场合下被引发的异常；其参数为一个描述错误信息的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Return a bytes object containing the values *v1*, *v2*, ... packed according" +" to the format string *format*. The arguments must match the values " +"required by the format exactly." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 bytes 对象，其中包含根据格式字符串 *format* 打包的值 *v1*, *v2*, ... " +"参数个数必须与格式字符串所要求的值完全匹配。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Pack the values *v1*, *v2*, ... according to the format string *format* and " +"write the packed bytes into the writable buffer *buffer* starting at " +"position *offset*. Note that *offset* is a required argument." +msgstr "" +"根据格式字符串 *format* 打包 *v1*, *v2*, ... 等值并将打包的字节串写入可写缓冲区 *buffer* 从 *offset* " +"开始的位置。 请注意 *offset* 是必需的参数。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Unpack from the buffer *buffer* (presumably packed by ``pack(format, ...)``)" +" according to the format string *format*. The result is a tuple even if it " +"contains exactly one item. The buffer's size in bytes must match the size " +"required by the format, as reflected by :func:`calcsize`." +msgstr "" +"根据格式字符串 *format* 从缓冲区 *buffer* 解包（假定是由 ``pack(format, ...)`` 打包）。 " +"结果为一个元组，即使其只包含一个条目。 缓冲区的字节大小必须匹配格式所要求的大小，如 :func:`calcsize` 所示。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Unpack from *buffer* starting at position *offset*, according to the format " +"string *format*. The result is a tuple even if it contains exactly one " +"item. The buffer's size in bytes, starting at position *offset*, must be at" +" least the size required by the format, as reflected by :func:`calcsize`." +msgstr "" +"对 *buffer* 从位置 *offset* 开始根据格式字符串 *format* 进行解包。 结果为一个元组，即使其中只包含一个条目。 " +"缓冲区的字节大小从位置 *offset* 开始必须至少为 :func:`calcsize` 显示的格式所要求的大小。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Iteratively unpack from the buffer *buffer* according to the format string " +"*format*. This function returns an iterator which will read equally sized " +"chunks from the buffer until all its contents have been consumed. The " +"buffer's size in bytes must be a multiple of the size required by the " +"format, as reflected by :func:`calcsize`." +msgstr "" +"根据格式字符串 *format* 以迭代方式从缓冲区 *buffer* 中解包。 " +"此函数返回一个迭代器，它将从缓冲区读取大小相等的块直到其所有内容耗尽为止。 缓冲区的字节大小必须是格式所要求的大小的整数倍，如 " +":func:`calcsize` 所显示的。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:97 +msgid "Each iteration yields a tuple as specified by the format string." +msgstr "每次迭代将产生一个如格式字符串所指定的元组。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Return the size of the struct (and hence of the bytes object produced by " +"``pack(format, ...)``) corresponding to the format string *format*." +msgstr "返回与格式字符串 *format* 相对应的结构的大小（亦即 ``pack(format, ...)`` 所产生的字节串对象的大小）。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:111 +msgid "Format Strings" +msgstr "格式字符串" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Format strings describe the data layout when packing and unpacking data. " +"They are built up from :ref:`format characters`, which " +"specify the type of data being packed/unpacked. In addition, special " +"characters control the :ref:`byte order, size and alignment`. Each format string consists of an optional prefix character " +"which describes the overall properties of the data and one or more format " +"characters which describe the actual data values and padding." +msgstr "" +"格式字符串描述了打包和解包数据时的数据布局。 它们是使用 :ref:`格式字符 ` " +"来构建的，格式字符指明被打包/解包的数据的类型。 此外，还有用来控制 :ref:`字节顺序、大小和对齐 ` " +"的特殊字符。 每个格式字符串都是由一个可选的描述数据总体属性的前缀字符和一个或多个描述实际数据值和填充的格式字符组成的。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:125 +msgid "Byte Order, Size, and Alignment" +msgstr "字节顺序，大小和对齐方式" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:127 +msgid "" +"By default, C types are represented in the machine's native format and byte " +"order, and properly aligned by skipping pad bytes if necessary (according to" +" the rules used by the C compiler). This behavior is chosen so that the " +"bytes of a packed struct correspond exactly to the memory layout of the " +"corresponding C struct. Whether to use native byte ordering and padding or " +"standard formats depends on the application." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，C 类型将以所在机器的原生格式和字节顺序来表示，并在必要时通过跳过填充字节来正确地对齐（根据 C 编译器所使用的规则）。 " +"选择此行为是为了使已打包结构体的字节与对应的 C 结构体的内存布局完全对应。 使用原生字节顺序和填充还是标准格式取决于应用程序本身。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, the first character of the format string can be used to " +"indicate the byte order, size and alignment of the packed data, according to" +" the following table:" +msgstr "或者，根据下表，格式字符串的第一个字符可用于指示打包数据的字节顺序，大小和对齐方式：" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:148 +msgid "Character" +msgstr "字符" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:148 +msgid "Byte order" +msgstr "字节顺序" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:148 +msgid "Size" +msgstr "大小" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:148 +msgid "Alignment" +msgstr "对齐方式" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:150 +msgid "``@``" +msgstr "``@``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:150 ../../library/struct.rst:152 +msgid "native" +msgstr "按原字节" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:152 +msgid "``=``" +msgstr "``=``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:152 ../../library/struct.rst:154 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:156 ../../library/struct.rst:158 +msgid "standard" +msgstr "标准" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:152 ../../library/struct.rst:154 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:156 ../../library/struct.rst:158 +msgid "none" +msgstr "无" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:154 +msgid "``<``" +msgstr "``<``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:154 +msgid "little-endian" +msgstr "小端" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:156 +msgid "``>``" +msgstr "``>``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:156 +msgid "big-endian" +msgstr "大端" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:158 +msgid "``!``" +msgstr "``!``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:158 +msgid "network (= big-endian)" +msgstr "网络（=大端）" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:161 +msgid "If the first character is not one of these, ``'@'`` is assumed." +msgstr "如果第一个字符不是其中之一，则假定为 ``'@'`` 。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The number 1023 (``0x3ff`` in hexadecimal) has the following byte " +"representations:" +msgstr "数字 1023 (十六进制的 ``0x3ff``) 具有以下字节表示形式：" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:167 +msgid "``03 ff`` in big-endian (``>``)" +msgstr "大端序 (``>``) 的 ``03 ff``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:168 +msgid "``ff 03`` in little-endian (``<``)" +msgstr "小端序 (``<``) 的 ``ff 03``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:170 +msgid "Python example:" +msgstr "Python 示例：" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Native byte order is big-endian or little-endian, depending on the host " +"system. For example, Intel x86, AMD64 (x86-64), and Apple M1 are little-" +"endian; IBM z and many legacy architectures are big-endian. Use " +":data:`sys.byteorder` to check the endianness of your system." +msgstr "" +"原生字节顺序可能为大端序或小端序，具体取决于主机系统。 例如，Intel x86, AMD64 (x86-64) 和 Apple M1 " +"是小端序的；IBM z 和许多旧式架构则是大端序的。 请使用 :data:`sys.byteorder` 来检查你的系统字节顺序。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Native size and alignment are determined using the C compiler's ``sizeof`` " +"expression. This is always combined with native byte order." +msgstr "本机大小和对齐方式是使用 C 编译器的 ``sizeof`` 表达式来确定的。 这总是会与本机字节顺序相绑定。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Standard size depends only on the format character; see the table in the " +":ref:`format-characters` section." +msgstr "标准大小仅取决于格式字符；请参阅 :ref:`format-characters` 部分中的表格。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Note the difference between ``'@'`` and ``'='``: both use native byte order," +" but the size and alignment of the latter is standardized." +msgstr "请注意 ``'@'`` 和 ``'='`` 之间的区别：两个都使用本机字节顺序，但后者的大小和对齐方式是标准化的。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:192 +msgid "" +"The form ``'!'`` represents the network byte order which is always big-" +"endian as defined in `IETF RFC 1700 `_." +msgstr "形式 ``'!'`` 代表网络字节顺序总是使用在 `IETF RFC 1700 `_ 中所定义的大端序。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:195 +msgid "" +"There is no way to indicate non-native byte order (force byte-swapping); use" +" the appropriate choice of ``'<'`` or ``'>'``." +msgstr "没有什么方式能指定非本机字节顺序（强制字节对调）；请正确选择使用 ``'<'`` 或 ``'>'``。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:198 ../../library/struct.rst:277 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Padding is only automatically added between successive structure members. No" +" padding is added at the beginning or the end of the encoded struct." +msgstr "填充只会在连续结构成员之间自动添加。 填充不会添加到已编码结构的开头和末尾。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:203 +msgid "" +"No padding is added when using non-native size and alignment, e.g. with '<'," +" '>', '=', and '!'." +msgstr "当使用非本机大小和对齐方式即 '<', '>', '=', and '!' 时不会添加任何填充。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:206 +msgid "" +"To align the end of a structure to the alignment requirement of a particular" +" type, end the format with the code for that type with a repeat count of " +"zero. See :ref:`struct-examples`." +msgstr "" +"要将结构的末尾对齐到符合特定类型的对齐要求，请以该类型代码加重复计数的零作为格式结束。 参见 :ref:`struct-examples`。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:214 +msgid "Format Characters" +msgstr "格式字符" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Format characters have the following meaning; the conversion between C and " +"Python values should be obvious given their types. The 'Standard size' " +"column refers to the size of the packed value in bytes when using standard " +"size; that is, when the format string starts with one of ``'<'``, ``'>'``, " +"``'!'`` or ``'='``. When using native size, the size of the packed value is" +" platform-dependent." +msgstr "" +"格式字符具有以下含义；C 和 Python 值之间的按其指定类型的转换应当是相当明显的。 " +"‘标准大小’列是指当使用标准大小时以字节表示的已打包值大小；也就是当格式字符串以 ``'<'``, ``'>'``, ``'!'`` 或 ``'='``" +" 之一开头的情况。 当使用本机大小时，已打包值的大小取决于具体的平台。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:224 +msgid "Format" +msgstr "格式" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:224 +msgid "C Type" +msgstr "C 类型" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:224 +msgid "Python type" +msgstr "Python 类型" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:224 +msgid "Standard size" +msgstr "标准大小" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:224 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:226 +msgid "``x``" +msgstr "``x``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:226 +msgid "pad byte" +msgstr "填充字节" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:226 +msgid "no value" +msgstr "无" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:226 +msgid "\\(7)" +msgstr "\\(7)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:228 +msgid "``c``" +msgstr "``c``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:228 +msgid ":c:expr:`char`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`char`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:228 +msgid "bytes of length 1" +msgstr "长度为 1 的字节串" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:228 ../../library/struct.rst:230 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:232 ../../library/struct.rst:234 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:230 +msgid "``b``" +msgstr "``b``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:230 +msgid ":c:expr:`signed char`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`signed char`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:230 ../../library/struct.rst:232 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:236 ../../library/struct.rst:238 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:240 ../../library/struct.rst:242 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:244 ../../library/struct.rst:246 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:248 ../../library/struct.rst:250 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:253 ../../library/struct.rst:255 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:267 +msgid "integer" +msgstr "整数" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:230 +msgid "\\(1), \\(2)" +msgstr "\\(1), \\(2)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:232 +msgid "``B``" +msgstr "``B``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:232 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned char`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned char`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:232 ../../library/struct.rst:236 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:238 ../../library/struct.rst:240 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:242 ../../library/struct.rst:244 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:246 ../../library/struct.rst:248 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:250 +msgid "\\(2)" +msgstr "\\(2)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:234 +msgid "``?``" +msgstr "``?``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:234 +msgid ":c:expr:`_Bool`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`_Bool`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:234 +msgid "bool" +msgstr "bool" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:234 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:236 +msgid "``h``" +msgstr "``h``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:236 +msgid ":c:expr:`short`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`short`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:236 ../../library/struct.rst:238 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:257 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:238 +msgid "``H``" +msgstr "``H``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:238 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned short`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned short`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:240 +msgid "``i``" +msgstr "``i``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:240 +msgid ":c:expr:`int`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`int`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:240 ../../library/struct.rst:242 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:244 ../../library/struct.rst:246 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:259 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:242 +msgid "``I``" +msgstr "``I``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:242 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned int`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned int`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:244 +msgid "``l``" +msgstr "``l``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:244 +msgid ":c:expr:`long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:246 +msgid "``L``" +msgstr "``L``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:246 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned long`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:248 +msgid "``q``" +msgstr "``q``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:248 +msgid ":c:expr:`long long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`long long`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:248 ../../library/struct.rst:250 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:261 +msgid "8" +msgstr "8" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:250 +msgid "``Q``" +msgstr "``Q``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:250 +msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned long long`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned long long`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:253 +msgid "``n``" +msgstr "``n``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:253 +msgid ":c:type:`ssize_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`ssize_t`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:253 ../../library/struct.rst:255 +msgid "\\(3)" +msgstr "\\(3)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:255 +msgid "``N``" +msgstr "``N``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:255 +msgid ":c:type:`size_t`" +msgstr ":c:type:`size_t`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:257 +msgid "``e``" +msgstr "``e``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:257 +msgid "\\(6)" +msgstr "\\(6)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:257 ../../library/struct.rst:259 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:261 +msgid "float" +msgstr "float" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:257 ../../library/struct.rst:259 +#: ../../library/struct.rst:261 +msgid "\\(4)" +msgstr "\\(4)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:259 +msgid "``f``" +msgstr "``f``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:259 +msgid ":c:expr:`float`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`float`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:261 +msgid "``d``" +msgstr "``d``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:261 +msgid ":c:expr:`double`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`double`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:263 +msgid "``s``" +msgstr "``s``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:263 ../../library/struct.rst:265 +msgid ":c:expr:`char[]`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`char[]`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:263 ../../library/struct.rst:265 +msgid "bytes" +msgstr "字节串" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:263 +msgid "\\(9)" +msgstr "\\(9)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:265 +msgid "``p``" +msgstr "``p``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:265 +msgid "\\(8)" +msgstr "\\(8)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:267 +msgid "``P``" +msgstr "``P``" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:267 +msgid ":c:expr:`void \\*`" +msgstr ":c:expr:`void \\*`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:267 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:270 +msgid "Added support for the ``'n'`` and ``'N'`` formats." +msgstr "增加了对 ``'n'`` 和 ``'N'`` 格式的支持" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:273 +msgid "Added support for the ``'e'`` format." +msgstr "添加了对 ``'e'`` 格式的支持。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:282 +msgid "" +"The ``'?'`` conversion code corresponds to the :c:expr:`_Bool` type defined " +"by C standards since C99. In standard mode, it is represented by one byte." +msgstr "" +"``'?'`` 转换码对应于自 C99 开始由 C 标准所定义的 :c:expr:`_Bool` 类型。 在标准模式下，它总是以一个字节来表示。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:287 +msgid "" +"When attempting to pack a non-integer using any of the integer conversion " +"codes, if the non-integer has a :meth:`~object.__index__` method then that " +"method is called to convert the argument to an integer before packing." +msgstr "" +"当尝试使用任何整数转换码打包一个非整数时，如果该非整数具有 :meth:`~object.__index__` " +"方法，则会在打包之前将参数转换为一个整数。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:291 +msgid "Added use of the :meth:`~object.__index__` method for non-integers." +msgstr "增加了用于非整数的 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:295 +msgid "" +"The ``'n'`` and ``'N'`` conversion codes are only available for the native " +"size (selected as the default or with the ``'@'`` byte order character). For" +" the standard size, you can use whichever of the other integer formats fits " +"your application." +msgstr "" +"``'n'`` 和 ``'N'`` 转换码仅对本机大小可用（选择为默认或使用 ``'@'`` 字节顺序字符）。 " +"对于标准大小，你可以使用适合你的应用的任何其他整数格式。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:301 +msgid "" +"For the ``'f'``, ``'d'`` and ``'e'`` conversion codes, the packed " +"representation uses the IEEE 754 binary32, binary64 or binary16 format (for " +"``'f'``, ``'d'`` or ``'e'`` respectively), regardless of the floating-point " +"format used by the platform." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``'f'``, ``'d'`` 和 ``'e'`` 转换码，打包表示形式将使用 IEEE 754 binary32, binary64 或 " +"binary16 格式 (分别对应于 ``'f'``, ``'d'`` 或 ``'e'``)，无论平台使用何种浮点格式。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The ``'P'`` format character is only available for the native byte ordering " +"(selected as the default or with the ``'@'`` byte order character). The byte" +" order character ``'='`` chooses to use little- or big-endian ordering based" +" on the host system. The struct module does not interpret this as native " +"ordering, so the ``'P'`` format is not available." +msgstr "" +"``'P'`` 格式字符仅对本机字节顺序可用（选择为默认或使用 ``'@'`` 字节顺序字符）。 字节顺序字符 ``'='`` " +"选择使用基于主机系统的小端或大端排序。 struct 模块不会将其解读为本机排序，因此 ``'P'`` 格式将不可用。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:314 +msgid "" +"The IEEE 754 binary16 \"half precision\" type was introduced in the 2008 " +"revision of the `IEEE 754 standard `_. It has a sign " +"bit, a 5-bit exponent and 11-bit precision (with 10 bits explicitly stored)," +" and can represent numbers between approximately ``6.1e-05`` and ``6.5e+04``" +" at full precision. This type is not widely supported by C compilers: on a " +"typical machine, an unsigned short can be used for storage, but not for math" +" operations. See the Wikipedia page on the `half-precision floating-point " +"format `_ for more information." +msgstr "" +"IEEE 754 binary16 \"半精度\" 类型是在 `IEEE 754 标准 `_ 的 2008 " +"修订版中引入的。 它包含一个符号位，5 个指数位和 11 个精度位（明确存储 10 位），可以完全精确地表示大致范围在 ``6.1e-05`` 和 " +"``6.5e+04`` 之间的数字。 此类型并不被 C 编译器广泛支持：在一台典型的机器上，可以使用 unsigned short " +"进行存储，但不会被用于数学运算。 请参阅维基百科页面 `half-precision floating-point format `_ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:324 +msgid "When packing, ``'x'`` inserts one NUL byte." +msgstr "在打包时，``'x'`` 会插入一个 NUL 字节。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:327 +msgid "" +"The ``'p'`` format character encodes a \"Pascal string\", meaning a short " +"variable-length string stored in a *fixed number of bytes*, given by the " +"count. The first byte stored is the length of the string, or 255, whichever " +"is smaller. The bytes of the string follow. If the string passed in to " +":func:`pack` is too long (longer than the count minus 1), only the leading " +"``count-1`` bytes of the string are stored. If the string is shorter than " +"``count-1``, it is padded with null bytes so that exactly count bytes in all" +" are used. Note that for :func:`unpack`, the ``'p'`` format character " +"consumes ``count`` bytes, but that the string returned can never contain " +"more than 255 bytes." +msgstr "" +"``'p'`` 格式字符用于编码“Pascal 字符串”，即存储在由计数指定的 *固定长度字节* 中的可变长度短字符串。 " +"所存储的第一个字节为字符串长度或 255 中的较小值。 之后是字符串对应的字节。 如果传入 :func:`pack` 的字符串过长（超过计数值减 " +"1），则只有字符串前 ``count-1`` 个字节会被存储。 如果字符串短于 ``count-1``，则会填充空字节以使得恰好使用了 count " +"个字节。 请注意对于 :func:`unpack`，``'p'`` 格式字符会消耗 ``count`` 个字节，但返回的字符串永远不会包含超过 255 " +"个字节。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:339 +msgid "" +"For the ``'s'`` format character, the count is interpreted as the length of " +"the bytes, not a repeat count like for the other format characters; for " +"example, ``'10s'`` means a single 10-byte string mapping to or from a single" +" Python byte string, while ``'10c'`` means 10 separate one byte character " +"elements (e.g., ``cccccccccc``) mapping to or from ten different Python byte" +" objects. (See :ref:`struct-examples` for a concrete demonstration of the " +"difference.) If a count is not given, it defaults to 1. For packing, the " +"string is truncated or padded with null bytes as appropriate to make it fit." +" For unpacking, the resulting bytes object always has exactly the specified " +"number of bytes. As a special case, ``'0s'`` means a single, empty string " +"(while ``'0c'`` means 0 characters)." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``'s'`` 格式字符，计数会被解读为字节的长度，而不是像其他格式字符那样的重复计数；例如，``'10s'`` 表示一个与特定的 Python " +"字节串互相映射的长度为 10 的字节数据，而 ``'10c'`` 则表示个 10 个与十个不同的 Python 字节对象互相映射的独立的一字节字符元素 " +"(如 ``cccccccccc``)。 (其中的差别的具体演示请参见 :ref:`struct-examples`。) 如果未给出计数，则默认值为 1。" +" 对于打包操作，字节串会被适当地截断或填充空字节以符合尺寸要求。 对于解包操作，结果字节对象总是会恰好具有指定数量的字节。 作为特例，``'0s'`` " +"表示单个空字节串 (而 ``'0c'`` 表示 0 个字符)。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:352 +msgid "" +"A format character may be preceded by an integral repeat count. For " +"example, the format string ``'4h'`` means exactly the same as ``'hhhh'``." +msgstr "格式字符之前可以带有整数重复计数。 例如，格式字符串 ``'4h'`` 的含义与 ``'hhhh'`` 完全相同。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:355 +msgid "" +"Whitespace characters between formats are ignored; a count and its format " +"must not contain whitespace though." +msgstr "格式之间的空白字符会被忽略；但是计数及其格式字符中不可有空白字符。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:358 +msgid "" +"When packing a value ``x`` using one of the integer formats (``'b'``, " +"``'B'``, ``'h'``, ``'H'``, ``'i'``, ``'I'``, ``'l'``, ``'L'``, ``'q'``, " +"``'Q'``), if ``x`` is outside the valid range for that format then " +":exc:`struct.error` is raised." +msgstr "" +"当使用某一种整数格式 (``'b'``, ``'B'``, ``'h'``, ``'H'``, ``'i'``, ``'I'``, ``'l'``, " +"``'L'``, ``'q'``, ``'Q'``) 打包值 ``x`` 时，如果 ``x`` 在该格式的有效范围之外则将引发 " +":exc:`struct.error`。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Previously, some of the integer formats wrapped out-of-range values and " +"raised :exc:`DeprecationWarning` instead of :exc:`struct.error`." +msgstr "" +"在之前版本中，某些整数格式包装了超范围的值并会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 而不是 :exc:`struct.error`。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:369 +msgid "" +"For the ``'?'`` format character, the return value is either :const:`True` " +"or :const:`False`. When packing, the truth value of the argument object is " +"used. Either 0 or 1 in the native or standard bool representation will be " +"packed, and any non-zero value will be ``True`` when unpacking." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``'?'`` 格式字符，返回值为 :const:`True` 或 :const:`False`。 在打包时将会使用参数对象的逻辑值。 " +"以本机或标准 bool 类型表示的 0 或 1 将被打包，任何非零值在解包时将为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:379 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Native byte order examples (designated by the ``'@'`` format prefix or lack " +"of any prefix character) may not match what the reader's machine produces as" +" that depends on the platform and compiler." +msgstr "" +"原生字节顺序的示例 (由 ``'@'`` 格式前缀或不带任何前缀字符的形式指定) 可能与读者机器所产生的内容不匹配，因为这取决于具体的平台和编译器。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Pack and unpack integers of three different sizes, using big endian " +"ordering::" +msgstr "打包和解包三种不同大小的整数，使用大端序::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:390 +msgid "" +">>> from struct import *\n" +">>> pack(\">bhl\", 1, 2, 3)\n" +"b'\\x01\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x03'\n" +">>> unpack('>bhl', b'\\x01\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x03')\n" +"(1, 2, 3)\n" +">>> calcsize('>bhl')\n" +"7" +msgstr "" +">>> from struct import *\n" +">>> pack(\">bhl\", 1, 2, 3)\n" +"b'\\x01\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x03'\n" +">>> unpack('>bhl', b'\\x01\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x03')\n" +"(1, 2, 3)\n" +">>> calcsize('>bhl')\n" +"7" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:398 +msgid "Attempt to pack an integer which is too large for the defined field::" +msgstr "尝试打包一个对于所定义字段来说过大的整数::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:400 +msgid "" +">>> pack(\">h\", 99999)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"struct.error: 'h' format requires -32768 <= number <= 32767" +msgstr "" +">>> pack(\">h\", 99999)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"struct.error: 'h' format requires -32768 <= number <= 32767" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Demonstrate the difference between ``'s'`` and ``'c'`` format characters::" +msgstr "显示 ``'s'`` and ``'c'`` 格式字符之间的差异::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:408 +msgid "" +">>> pack(\"@ccc\", b'1', b'2', b'3')\n" +"b'123'\n" +">>> pack(\"@3s\", b'123')\n" +"b'123'" +msgstr "" +">>> pack(\"@ccc\", b'1', b'2', b'3')\n" +"b'123'\n" +">>> pack(\"@3s\", b'123')\n" +"b'123'" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Unpacked fields can be named by assigning them to variables or by wrapping " +"the result in a named tuple::" +msgstr "解包的字段可通过将它们赋值给变量或将结果包装为一个具名元组来命名::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:416 +msgid "" +">>> record = b'raymond \\x32\\x12\\x08\\x01\\x08'\n" +">>> name, serialnum, school, gradelevel = unpack('<10sHHb', record)\n" +"\n" +">>> from collections import namedtuple\n" +">>> Student = namedtuple('Student', 'name serialnum school gradelevel')\n" +">>> Student._make(unpack('<10sHHb', record))\n" +"Student(name=b'raymond ', serialnum=4658, school=264, gradelevel=8)" +msgstr "" +">>> record = b'raymond \\x32\\x12\\x08\\x01\\x08'\n" +">>> name, serialnum, school, gradelevel = unpack('<10sHHb', record)\n" +"\n" +">>> from collections import namedtuple\n" +">>> Student = namedtuple('Student', 'name serialnum school gradelevel')\n" +">>> Student._make(unpack('<10sHHb', record))\n" +"Student(name=b'raymond ', serialnum=4658, school=264, gradelevel=8)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:424 +msgid "" +"The ordering of format characters may have an impact on size in native mode " +"since padding is implicit. In standard mode, the user is responsible for " +"inserting any desired padding. Note in the first ``pack`` call below that " +"three NUL bytes were added after the packed ``'#'`` to align the following " +"integer on a four-byte boundary. In this example, the output was produced on" +" a little endian machine::" +msgstr "" +"格式字符的顺序可能会因为填充是隐式的而对在原生模式中的大小产生影响。 在标准模式下，用户要负责插入任何必要的填充。 请注意下面的第一个 ``pack``" +" 调用中在已打包的 ``'#'`` 之后添加了三个 NUL 字节以便在四字节边界上对齐到下面的整数。 在这个例子中，输出是在一台小端序的机器上产生的::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:432 +msgid "" +">>> pack('@ci', b'#', 0x12131415)\n" +"b'#\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x15\\x14\\x13\\x12'\n" +">>> pack('@ic', 0x12131415, b'#')\n" +"b'\\x15\\x14\\x13\\x12#'\n" +">>> calcsize('@ci')\n" +"8\n" +">>> calcsize('@ic')\n" +"5" +msgstr "" +">>> pack('@ci', b'#', 0x12131415)\n" +"b'#\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x15\\x14\\x13\\x12'\n" +">>> pack('@ic', 0x12131415, b'#')\n" +"b'\\x15\\x14\\x13\\x12#'\n" +">>> calcsize('@ci')\n" +"8\n" +">>> calcsize('@ic')\n" +"5" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:441 +msgid "" +"The following format ``'llh0l'`` results in two pad bytes being added at the" +" end, assuming the platform's longs are aligned on 4-byte boundaries::" +msgstr "以下格式 ``'llh0l'`` 将会在末尾添加两个填充字节，假定平台的 long 类型按 4 个字节的边界对齐的话::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:444 +msgid "" +">>> pack('@llh0l', 1, 2, 3)\n" +"b'\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x03\\x00\\x00'" +msgstr "" +">>> pack('@llh0l', 1, 2, 3)\n" +"b'\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x03\\x00\\x00'" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:450 +msgid "Module :mod:`array`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`array`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:451 +msgid "Packed binary storage of homogeneous data." +msgstr "被打包为二进制存储的同质数据。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:453 +msgid "Module :mod:`json`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`json`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:454 +msgid "JSON encoder and decoder." +msgstr "JSON 编码器和解码器。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:456 +msgid "Module :mod:`pickle`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`pickle`" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:457 +msgid "Python object serialization." +msgstr "Python 对象序列化。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:463 +msgid "Applications" +msgstr "应用" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:465 +msgid "" +"Two main applications for the :mod:`struct` module exist, data interchange " +"between Python and C code within an application or another application " +"compiled using the same compiler (:ref:`native formats`), and data interchange between applications using agreed upon data" +" layout (:ref:`standard formats`). Generally " +"speaking, the format strings constructed for these two domains are distinct." +msgstr "" +":mod:`struct` 模块存在两个主要应用，即在一个应用程序或使用相同编译器编译的另一个应用程序中 Python 和 C 代码之间的数据交换 " +"(:ref:`原生格式 `)，以及使用商定的数据布局的应用程序之间的数据交换 (:ref:`标准格式 " +"`)。 一般来说，针对这两个领域构造的格式字符串是不一样的。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:476 +msgid "Native Formats" +msgstr "原生格式" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:478 +msgid "" +"When constructing format strings which mimic native layouts, the compiler " +"and machine architecture determine byte ordering and padding. In such cases," +" the ``@`` format character should be used to specify native byte ordering " +"and data sizes. Internal pad bytes are normally inserted automatically. It" +" is possible that a zero-repeat format code will be needed at the end of a " +"format string to round up to the correct byte boundary for proper alignment " +"of consecutive chunks of data." +msgstr "" +"当构造模仿原生布局的格式字符串时，编译器和机器架构会决定字节顺序和填充。 在这种情况下，应当使用 ``@`` 格式字符来指明原生字节顺序和数据大小。 " +"内部填充字节通常是自动插入的。 为了正确对齐连续的数据块可能会在格式字符串末尾需要一个零重复的格式代码以舍入到正确的字节边界。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:486 +msgid "" +"Consider these two simple examples (on a 64-bit, little-endian machine)::" +msgstr "请看这两个简单的示例（在 64 位的小端序机器上）::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:489 +msgid "" +">>> calcsize('@lhl')\n" +"24\n" +">>> calcsize('@llh')\n" +"18" +msgstr "" +">>> calcsize('@lhl')\n" +"24\n" +">>> calcsize('@llh')\n" +"18" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Data is not padded to an 8-byte boundary at the end of the second format " +"string without the use of extra padding. A zero-repeat format code solves " +"that problem::" +msgstr "在不使用额外填充的情况下不会将数据填充到第二个格式字符串末尾的 8 字节边界上。 零重复的格式代码解决了这个问题::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:498 +msgid "" +">>> calcsize('@llh0l')\n" +"24" +msgstr "" +">>> calcsize('@llh0l')\n" +"24" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:501 +msgid "" +"The ``'x'`` format code can be used to specify the repeat, but for native " +"formats it is better to use a zero-repeat format like ``'0l'``." +msgstr "``'x'`` 格式代码可被用来指定重复，但对于原生格式来说最好是使用 ``'0l'`` 这样的零重复格式。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:504 +msgid "" +"By default, native byte ordering and alignment is used, but it is better to " +"be explicit and use the ``'@'`` prefix character." +msgstr "在默认情况下，将使用原生字节顺序和对齐，但最好是显式指定并使用 ``'@'`` 前缀字符。" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:511 +msgid "Standard Formats" +msgstr "标准格式" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:513 +msgid "" +"When exchanging data beyond your process such as networking or storage, be " +"precise. Specify the exact byte order, size, and alignment. Do not assume " +"they match the native order of a particular machine. For example, network " +"byte order is big-endian, while many popular CPUs are little-endian. By " +"defining this explicitly, the user need not care about the specifics of the " +"platform their code is running on. The first character should typically be " +"``<`` or ``>`` (or ``!``). Padding is the responsibility of the programmer." +" The zero-repeat format character won't work. Instead, the user must " +"explicitly add ``'x'`` pad bytes where needed. Revisiting the examples from" +" the previous section, we have::" +msgstr "" +"当与你的进程之外如网络或存储交换数据时，请务必保持精确。 准确地指定字节顺序、大小和对齐。 不要假定它们与特定机器的原生顺序相匹配。 " +"例如，网络字节顺序是大端序的，而许多流行的 CPU 则是小端序的。 通过显式定义，用户将无需关心他们的代码运行所在平台的具体规格。 第一个字符通常应为 " +"``<`` 或 ``>`` (或者 ``!``)。 程序员要负责填充操作。 零重复格式字符是无效的。 相反，用户必须在需要时显式地添加 ``'x'`` " +"填充字节。 回顾上一节中的示例，我们得到::" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:525 +msgid "" +">>> calcsize('>> pack('>> calcsize('@llh')\n" +"18\n" +">>> pack('@llh', 1, 2, 3) == pack('>> calcsize('>> calcsize('@llh0l')\n" +"24\n" +">>> pack('@llh0l', 1, 2, 3) == pack('>> calcsize('>> pack('>> calcsize('@llh')\n" +"18\n" +">>> pack('@llh', 1, 2, 3) == pack('>> calcsize('>> calcsize('@llh0l')\n" +"24\n" +">>> pack('@llh0l', 1, 2, 3) == pack('>> calcsize('>> calcsize('@llh0l')\n" +"12\n" +">>> pack('@llh0l', 1, 2, 3) == pack('>> calcsize('>> calcsize('@llh0l')\n" +"12\n" +">>> pack('@llh0l', 1, 2, 3) == pack(' (greater)" +msgstr "> (大与)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:136 +msgid "! (exclamation)" +msgstr "! (感叹号)" + +#: ../../library/struct.rst:280 ../../library/struct.rst:367 +msgid "? (question mark)" +msgstr "? (问号)" diff --git a/library/subprocess.po b/library/subprocess.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57c86b938 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/subprocess.po @@ -0,0 +1,2502 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!subprocess` --- Subprocess management" +msgstr ":mod:`!subprocess` --- 子进程管理" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/subprocess.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/subprocess.py`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`subprocess` module allows you to spawn new processes, connect to " +"their input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes. This module " +"intends to replace several older modules and functions::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`subprocess` 模块允许你生成新的进程，连接它们的输入、输出、错误管道，并且获取它们的返回码。此模块打算代替一些老旧的模块与功能：" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:18 +msgid "" +"os.system\n" +"os.spawn*" +msgstr "" +"os.system\n" +"os.spawn*" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Information about how the :mod:`subprocess` module can be used to replace " +"these modules and functions can be found in the following sections." +msgstr "在下面的段落中，你可以找到关于 :mod:`subprocess` 模块如何代替这些模块和功能的相关信息。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:26 +msgid ":pep:`324` -- PEP proposing the subprocess module" +msgstr ":pep:`324` -- 提出 subprocess 模块的 PEP" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:598 ../../library/subprocess.rst:605 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:615 ../../library/subprocess.rst:624 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:633 ../../library/subprocess.rst:639 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1560 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1582 +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-mobile-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module is not supported on :ref:`mobile platforms ` or :ref:`WebAssembly platforms `." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 :ref:`移动平台 ` 或 :ref:`WebAssembly 平台 ` 上不受支持。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:31 +msgid "Using the :mod:`subprocess` Module" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`subprocess` 模块" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The recommended approach to invoking subprocesses is to use the :func:`run` " +"function for all use cases it can handle. For more advanced use cases, the " +"underlying :class:`Popen` interface can be used directly." +msgstr "" +"推荐的调用子进程的方式是在任何它支持的用例中使用 :func:`run` 函数。对于更进阶的用例，也可以使用底层的 :class:`Popen` 接口。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Run the command described by *args*. Wait for command to complete, then " +"return a :class:`CompletedProcess` instance." +msgstr "运行被 *arg* 描述的指令. 等待指令完成, 然后返回一个 :class:`CompletedProcess` 实例." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The arguments shown above are merely the most common ones, described below " +"in :ref:`frequently-used-arguments` (hence the use of keyword-only notation " +"in the abbreviated signature). The full function signature is largely the " +"same as that of the :class:`Popen` constructor - most of the arguments to " +"this function are passed through to that interface. (*timeout*, *input*, " +"*check*, and *capture_output* are not.)" +msgstr "" +"以上显示的参数仅仅是最简单的一些，下面 :ref:`frequently-used-arguments` " +"描述（因此在缩写签名中使用仅关键字标示）。完整的函数头和 :class:`Popen` " +"的构造函数一样，此函数接受的大多数参数都被传递给该接口。（*timeout*, *input*, *check* 和 *capture_output* " +"除外）。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:53 +msgid "" +"If *capture_output* is true, stdout and stderr will be captured. When used, " +"the internal :class:`Popen` object is automatically created with *stdout* " +"and *stderr* both set to :data:`~subprocess.PIPE`. The *stdout* and *stderr*" +" arguments may not be supplied at the same time as *capture_output*. If you " +"wish to capture and combine both streams into one, set *stdout* to " +":data:`~subprocess.PIPE` and *stderr* to :data:`~subprocess.STDOUT`, instead" +" of using *capture_output*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *capture_output* 为真值，则 stdout 和 stderr 将被捕获。 当被使用时，内部 :class:`Popen` " +"对象将自动创建并把 *stdout* 和 *stderr* 均设为 :data:`~subprocess.PIPE`。 *stdout* 和 " +"*stderr* 参数不可与 *capture_output* 同时提供。 如果你希望捕获并将两个流合并在一起，请将 *stdout* 设为 " +":data:`~subprocess.PIPE` 并将 *stderr* 设为 :data:`~subprocess.STDOUT`，而不是使用 " +"*capture_output*。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:62 +msgid "" +"A *timeout* may be specified in seconds, it is internally passed on to " +":meth:`Popen.communicate`. If the timeout expires, the child process will be" +" killed and waited for. The :exc:`TimeoutExpired` exception will be re-" +"raised after the child process has terminated. The initial process creation " +"itself cannot be interrupted on many platform APIs so you are not guaranteed" +" to see a timeout exception until at least after however long process " +"creation takes." +msgstr "" +"可以指定以秒为单位的 *timeout*，它会在内部传递给 :meth:`Popen.communicate`。 " +"如果达到超时限制，子进程将被杀掉并等待。 :exc:`TimeoutExpired` 异常将在子进程终结后重新被引发。 在许多平台 API " +"上初始进程创建本身不可以被打断因此不保证你能看到超时异常直到至少进程创建花费的时间结束后。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:70 +msgid "" +"The *input* argument is passed to :meth:`Popen.communicate` and thus to the " +"subprocess's stdin. If used it must be a byte sequence, or a string if " +"*encoding* or *errors* is specified or *text* is true. When used, the " +"internal :class:`Popen` object is automatically created with *stdin* set to " +":data:`~subprocess.PIPE`, and the *stdin* argument may not be used as well." +msgstr "" +"*input* 参数将被传递给 :meth:`Popen.communicate` 以及子进程的 stdin。 " +"如果使用此参数则它必须是一个字节序列，或者如果指定了 *encoding* 或 *errors* 或 *text* 为真值则可以是一个字符串。 " +"当使用此参数时，将自动创建内部的 :class:`Popen` 对象并将其 *stdin* 设为 " +":data:`~subprocess.PIPE`，并且不可同时使用 *stdin* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:77 +msgid "" +"If *check* is true, and the process exits with a non-zero exit code, a " +":exc:`CalledProcessError` exception will be raised. Attributes of that " +"exception hold the arguments, the exit code, and stdout and stderr if they " +"were captured." +msgstr "" +"如果 *check* 设为 True, 并且进程以非零状态码退出, 一个 :exc:`CalledProcessError` 异常将被抛出. " +"这个异常的属性将设置为参数, 退出码, 以及标准输出和标准错误, 如果被捕获到." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:82 +msgid "" +"If *encoding* or *errors* are specified, or *text* is true, file objects for" +" stdin, stdout and stderr are opened in text mode using the specified " +"*encoding* and *errors* or the :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` default. The " +"*universal_newlines* argument is equivalent to *text* and is provided for " +"backwards compatibility. By default, file objects are opened in binary mode." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *encoding* 或 *error*，或者 *text* 被设为真值，标准输入、标准输出和标准错误的文件对象将使用指定的 " +"*encoding* 和 *errors* 或者 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 默认值以文本模式打开。 " +"*universal_newlines* 参数等同于 *text* 并且提供了向后兼容性。 默认情况下, 文件对象是以二进制模式打开的。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:88 +msgid "" +"If *env* is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the environment " +"variables for the new process; these are used instead of the default " +"behavior of inheriting the current process' environment. It is passed " +"directly to :class:`Popen`. This mapping can be str to str on any platform " +"or bytes to bytes on POSIX platforms much like :data:`os.environ` or " +":data:`os.environb`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *env* 不为 ``None``，则它必须是一个为新进程定义环境变量的映射；它们将顶替继承当前进程环境的默认行为被使用。 它会被直接传递给 " +":class:`Popen`。 这个映射在任何平台上均可以是字符串到字符串的映射或者在 POSIX 平台上也可以是字节串到字节串的映射，就像是 " +":data:`os.environ` 或者 :data:`os.environb`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:95 +msgid "Examples::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:97 +msgid "" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\"]) # doesn't capture output\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l'], returncode=0)\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run(\"exit 1\", shell=True, check=True)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\", \"/dev/null\"], capture_output=True)\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l', '/dev/null'], returncode=0,\n" +"stdout=b'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 23 16:23 /dev/null\\n', stderr=b'')" +msgstr "" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\"]) # 不捕获输出\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l'], returncode=0)\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run(\"exit 1\", shell=True, check=True)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\", \"/dev/null\"], capture_output=True)\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l', '/dev/null'], returncode=0,\n" +"stdout=b'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 23 16:23 /dev/null\\n', stderr=b'')" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:113 +msgid "Added *encoding* and *errors* parameters" +msgstr "添加了 *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Added the *text* parameter, as a more understandable alias of " +"*universal_newlines*. Added the *capture_output* parameter." +msgstr "" +"添加了 *text* 形参，作为 *universal_newlines* 的一个更好理解的别名。 添加了 *capture_output* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:122 ../../library/subprocess.rst:506 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1214 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1254 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"Changed Windows shell search order for ``shell=True``. The current directory" +" and ``%PATH%`` are replaced with ``%COMSPEC%`` and " +"``%SystemRoot%\\System32\\cmd.exe``. As a result, dropping a malicious " +"program named ``cmd.exe`` into a current directory no longer works." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``shell=True`` 改变的 Windows shell 搜索顺序。 当前目录和 ``%PATH%`` 会被替换为 " +"``%COMSPEC%`` 和 ``%SystemRoot%\\System32\\cmd.exe``。 因此，在当前目录中投放一个命名为 " +"``cmd.exe`` 的恶意程序不会再起作用。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:130 +msgid "" +"The return value from :func:`run`, representing a process that has finished." +msgstr ":func:`run` 的返回值, 代表一个进程已经结束." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:134 +msgid "" +"The arguments used to launch the process. This may be a list or a string." +msgstr "被用作启动进程的参数. 可能是一个列表或字符串." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Exit status of the child process. Typically, an exit status of 0 indicates " +"that it ran successfully." +msgstr "子进程的退出状态码. 通常来说, 一个为 0 的退出码表示进程运行正常." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:141 ../../library/subprocess.rst:945 +msgid "" +"A negative value ``-N`` indicates that the child was terminated by signal " +"``N`` (POSIX only)." +msgstr "一个负值 ``-N`` 表示子进程被信号 ``N`` 中断 (仅 POSIX)." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Captured stdout from the child process. A bytes sequence, or a string if " +":func:`run` was called with an encoding, errors, or text=True. ``None`` if " +"stdout was not captured." +msgstr "" +"从子进程捕获到的标准输出. 一个字节序列, 或一个字符串, 如果 :func:`run` 是设置了 *encoding*, *errors* 或者 " +"``text=True`` 来运行的. 如果未有捕获, 则为 ``None``." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:150 +msgid "" +"If you ran the process with ``stderr=subprocess.STDOUT``, stdout and stderr " +"will be combined in this attribute, and :attr:`stderr` will be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果你通过 ``stderr=subprocess.STDOUT`` 运行进程，标准输入和标准错误将被组合在这个属性中，并且 " +":attr:`stderr` 将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Captured stderr from the child process. A bytes sequence, or a string if " +":func:`run` was called with an encoding, errors, or text=True. ``None`` if " +"stderr was not captured." +msgstr "" +"捕获到的子进程的标准错误. 一个字节序列, 或者一个字符串, 如果 :func:`run` 是设置了参数 *encoding*, *errors* 或者" +" ``text=True`` 运行的. 如果未有捕获, 则为 ``None``." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:162 +msgid "If :attr:`returncode` is non-zero, raise a :exc:`CalledProcessError`." +msgstr "如果 :attr:`returncode` 非零, 抛出 :exc:`CalledProcessError`." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Special value that can be used as the *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr* argument" +" to :class:`Popen` and indicates that the special file :data:`os.devnull` " +"will be used." +msgstr "" +"可被 :class:`Popen` 的 *stdin*, *stdout* 或者 *stderr* 参数使用的特殊值, 表示使用特殊文件 " +":data:`os.devnull`." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Special value that can be used as the *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr* argument" +" to :class:`Popen` and indicates that a pipe to the standard stream should " +"be opened. Most useful with :meth:`Popen.communicate`." +msgstr "" +"可被 :class:`Popen` 的 *stdin*, *stdout* 或者 *stderr* 参数使用的特殊值, 表示打开标准流的管道. 常用于 " +":meth:`Popen.communicate`." + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Special value that can be used as the *stderr* argument to :class:`Popen` " +"and indicates that standard error should go into the same handle as standard" +" output." +msgstr "可被 :class:`Popen` 的 *stderr* 参数使用的特殊值， 表示标准错误与标准输出使用同一句柄。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:191 +msgid "Base class for all other exceptions from this module." +msgstr "此模块的其他异常的基类。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`SubprocessError`, raised when a timeout expires while " +"waiting for a child process." +msgstr ":exc:`SubprocessError` 的子类，等待子进程的过程中发生超时时被抛出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:203 ../../library/subprocess.rst:247 +msgid "Command that was used to spawn the child process." +msgstr "用于创建子进程的指令。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:207 +msgid "Timeout in seconds." +msgstr "超时秒数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:211 +msgid "" +"Output of the child process if it was captured by :func:`run` or " +":func:`check_output`. Otherwise, ``None``. This is always :class:`bytes` " +"when any output was captured regardless of the ``text=True`` setting. It " +"may remain ``None`` instead of ``b''`` when no output was observed." +msgstr "" +"当被 :func:`run` 或 :func:`check_output` 捕获时的子进程的输出。 在其它情况下将为 " +"``None``。当有任何输出被捕获时这将始终为 :class:`bytes` 而不考虑是否设置了 ``text=True``。 " +"当未检测到输出时它可能会保持为 ``None`` 而不是 ``b''``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:219 ../../library/subprocess.rst:256 +msgid "Alias for output, for symmetry with :attr:`stderr`." +msgstr "对 output 的别名，对应的有 :attr:`stderr`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Stderr output of the child process if it was captured by :func:`run`. " +"Otherwise, ``None``. This is always :class:`bytes` when stderr output was " +"captured regardless of the ``text=True`` setting. It may remain ``None`` " +"instead of ``b''`` when no stderr output was observed." +msgstr "" +"当被 :func:`run` 捕获时的标准错误输出。 在其它情况下将为 ``None``。 当有标准错误输出被捕获时这将始终为 " +":class:`bytes` 而不考虑是否设置了 ``text=True``。 当未检测到标准错误输出时它可能会保持为 ``None`` 而不是 " +"``b''``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:230 ../../library/subprocess.rst:263 +msgid "*stdout* and *stderr* attributes added" +msgstr "添加了 *stdout* 和 *stderr* 属性。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:235 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`SubprocessError`, raised when a process run by " +":func:`check_call`, :func:`check_output`, or :func:`run` (with " +"``check=True``) returns a non-zero exit status." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SubprocessError` 的子类，当一个由 :func:`check_call`, :func:`check_output` 或 " +":func:`run` (附带 ``check=True``) 运行的进程返回了非零退出状态码时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:242 +msgid "" +"Exit status of the child process. If the process exited due to a signal, " +"this will be the negative signal number." +msgstr "子进程的退出状态。如果程序由一个信号终止，这将会被设为一个负的信号码。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:251 +msgid "" +"Output of the child process if it was captured by :func:`run` or " +":func:`check_output`. Otherwise, ``None``." +msgstr "子进程的输出， 如果被 :func:`run` 或 :func:`check_output` 捕获。否则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Stderr output of the child process if it was captured by :func:`run`. " +"Otherwise, ``None``." +msgstr "子进程的标准错误输出，如果被 :func:`run` 捕获。 否则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:270 +msgid "Frequently Used Arguments" +msgstr "常用参数" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:272 +msgid "" +"To support a wide variety of use cases, the :class:`Popen` constructor (and " +"the convenience functions) accept a large number of optional arguments. For " +"most typical use cases, many of these arguments can be safely left at their " +"default values. The arguments that are most commonly needed are:" +msgstr "" +"为了支持丰富的使用案例， :class:`Popen` " +"的构造函数（以及方便的函数）接受大量可选的参数。对于大多数典型的用例，许多参数可以被安全地留以它们的默认值。通常需要的参数有：" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:277 +msgid "" +"*args* is required for all calls and should be a string, or a sequence of " +"program arguments. Providing a sequence of arguments is generally preferred," +" as it allows the module to take care of any required escaping and quoting " +"of arguments (e.g. to permit spaces in file names). If passing a single " +"string, either *shell* must be :const:`True` (see below) or else the string " +"must simply name the program to be executed without specifying any " +"arguments." +msgstr "" +"*args* " +"被所有调用需要，应当为一个字符串，或者一个程序参数序列。提供一个参数序列通常更好，它可以更小心地使用参数中的转义字符以及引用（例如允许文件名中的空格）。如果传递一个简单的字符串，则" +" *shell* 参数必须为 :const:`True` （见下文）或者该字符串中将被运行的程序名必须用简单的命名而不指定任何参数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:285 +msgid "" +"*stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* specify the executed program's standard " +"input, standard output and standard error file handles, respectively. Valid" +" values are ``None``, :data:`PIPE`, :data:`DEVNULL`, an existing file " +"descriptor (a positive integer), and an existing :term:`file object` with a " +"valid file descriptor. With the default settings of ``None``, no " +"redirection will occur. :data:`PIPE` indicates that a new pipe to the child" +" should be created. :data:`DEVNULL` indicates that the special file " +":data:`os.devnull` will be used. Additionally, *stderr* can be " +":data:`STDOUT`, which indicates that the stderr data from the child process " +"should be captured into the same file handle as for *stdout*." +msgstr "" +"*stdin*, *stdout* 和 *stderr* 分别指定被执行程序的标准输入、标准输出和标准错误文件句柄。 合法的值包括 ``None``, " +":data:`PIPE`, :data:`DEVNULL`, 现存的文件描述符（一个正整数），现存的具有合法文件描述符的 :term:`file " +"object`。 当使用默认设置 ``None`` 时，将不会进行任何重定向。 :data:`PIPE` 表示应当新建一个连接子进程的管道。 " +":data:`DEVNULL` 表示将使用特殊文件 :data:`os.devnull`。 此外，*stderr* 还可以为 " +":data:`STDOUT`，这表示来自子进程的 stderr 数据应当被捕获到与 *stdout* 相同的文件句柄中。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:299 +msgid "" +"If *encoding* or *errors* are specified, or *text* (also known as " +"*universal_newlines*) is true, the file objects *stdin*, *stdout* and " +"*stderr* will be opened in text mode using the *encoding* and *errors* " +"specified in the call or the defaults for :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *encoding* 或 *errors*，或者 *text* (也称 *universal_newlines*) 为真，则文件对象 " +"*stdin*、 *stdout* 与 *stderr* 将会使用在此次调用中指定的 *encoding* 和 *errors* 或者 " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 的默认值以文本模式打开。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:305 +msgid "" +"For *stdin*, line ending characters ``'\\n'`` in the input will be converted" +" to the default line separator :data:`os.linesep`. For *stdout* and " +"*stderr*, all line endings in the output will be converted to ``'\\n'``. " +"For more information see the documentation of the :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` " +"class when the *newline* argument to its constructor is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"当构造函数的 *newline* 参数为 ``None`` 时。对于 *stdin*， 输入的换行符 ``'\\n'`` 将被转换为默认的换行符 " +":data:`os.linesep`。对于 *stdout* 和 *stderr*， 所有输出的换行符都被转换为 ``'\\n'``。更多信息，查看 " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 类的文档。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:311 +msgid "" +"If text mode is not used, *stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* will be opened as " +"binary streams. No encoding or line ending conversion is performed." +msgstr "如果文本模式未被使用， *stdin*， *stdout* 和 *stderr* 将会以二进制流模式打开。没有编码与换行符转换发生。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:314 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1569 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1587 +msgid "Added the *encoding* and *errors* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:317 +msgid "Added the *text* parameter as an alias for *universal_newlines*." +msgstr "添加了 *text* 形参作为 *universal_newlines* 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:322 +msgid "" +"The newlines attribute of the file objects :attr:`Popen.stdin`, " +":attr:`Popen.stdout` and :attr:`Popen.stderr` are not updated by the " +":meth:`Popen.communicate` method." +msgstr "" +"文件对象 :attr:`Popen.stdin` 、 :attr:`Popen.stdout` 和 :attr:`Popen.stderr` " +"的换行符属性不会被 :meth:`Popen.communicate` 方法更新。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:326 +msgid "" +"If *shell* is ``True``, the specified command will be executed through the " +"shell. This can be useful if you are using Python primarily for the " +"enhanced control flow it offers over most system shells and still want " +"convenient access to other shell features such as shell pipes, filename " +"wildcards, environment variable expansion, and expansion of ``~`` to a " +"user's home directory. However, note that Python itself offers " +"implementations of many shell-like features (in particular, :mod:`glob`, " +":mod:`fnmatch`, :func:`os.walk`, :func:`os.path.expandvars`, " +":func:`os.path.expanduser`, and :mod:`shutil`)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *shell* 设为 ``True``,，则使用 shell 执行指定的指令。如果您主要使用 Python 增强的控制流（它比大多数系统 " +"shell 提供的强大），并且仍然希望方便地使用其他 shell 功能，如 shell 管道、文件通配符、环境变量展开以及 ``~`` " +"展开到用户家目录，这将非常有用。但是，注意 Python 自己也实现了许多类似 shell 的特性（例如 :mod:`glob`, " +":mod:`fnmatch`, :func:`os.walk`, :func:`os.path.expandvars`, " +":func:`os.path.expanduser` 和 :mod:`shutil`）。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:336 +msgid "" +"When *universal_newlines* is ``True``, the class uses the encoding " +":func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) ` " +"instead of ``locale.getpreferredencoding()``. See the " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` class for more information on this change." +msgstr "" +"当 *universal_newlines* 被设为 ``True``，则类将使用 " +":func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) ` " +"编码格式来代替 ``locale.getpreferredencoding()``。 关于它们的区别的更多信息，见 " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:344 ../../library/subprocess.rst:465 +msgid "" +"Read the `Security Considerations`_ section before using ``shell=True``." +msgstr "在使用 ``shell=True`` 之前， 请阅读 `Security Considerations`_ 段落。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:346 +msgid "" +"These options, along with all of the other options, are described in more " +"detail in the :class:`Popen` constructor documentation." +msgstr "这些选项以及所有其他选项在 :class:`Popen` 构造函数文档中有更详细的描述。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:351 +msgid "Popen Constructor" +msgstr "Popen 构造函数" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:353 +msgid "" +"The underlying process creation and management in this module is handled by " +"the :class:`Popen` class. It offers a lot of flexibility so that developers " +"are able to handle the less common cases not covered by the convenience " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"此模块的底层的进程创建与管理由 :class:`Popen` 类处理。它提供了很大的灵活性，因此开发者能够处理未被便利函数覆盖的不常见用例。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Execute a child program in a new process. On POSIX, the class uses " +":meth:`os.execvpe`-like behavior to execute the child program. On Windows, " +"the class uses the Windows ``CreateProcess()`` function. The arguments to " +":class:`Popen` are as follows." +msgstr "" +"在一个新的进程中执行子程序。 在 POSIX 上，该类会使用类似于 :meth:`os.execvpe` 的行为来执行子程序。 在 Windows " +"上，该类会使用 Windows ``CreateProcess()`` 函数。 :class:`Popen` 的参数如下。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:373 +msgid "" +"*args* should be a sequence of program arguments or else a single string or " +":term:`path-like object`. By default, the program to execute is the first " +"item in *args* if *args* is a sequence. If *args* is a string, the " +"interpretation is platform-dependent and described below. See the *shell* " +"and *executable* arguments for additional differences from the default " +"behavior. Unless otherwise stated, it is recommended to pass *args* as a " +"sequence." +msgstr "" +"*args* 应当是一个程序参数的序列或者是一个单独的字符串或 :term:`path-like object`。 默认情况下，如果 *args* " +"是序列则要运行的程序为 *args* 中的第一项。 如果 *args* 是字符串，则其解读依赖于具体平台，如下所述。 请查看 *shell* 和 " +"*executable* 参数了解其与默认行为的其他差异。 除非另有说明，否则推荐以序列形式传入 *args*。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:383 +msgid "" +"For maximum reliability, use a fully qualified path for the executable. To " +"search for an unqualified name on :envvar:`PATH`, use :meth:`shutil.which`. " +"On all platforms, passing :data:`sys.executable` is the recommended way to " +"launch the current Python interpreter again, and use the ``-m`` command-line" +" format to launch an installed module." +msgstr "" +"为了最大化可靠性，请使用可执行文件的完整限定路径。 要在 :envvar:`PATH` 中搜索一个非限定名称，请使用 " +":meth:`shutil.which`。 在所有平台上，传入 :data:`sys.executable` 是再次启动当前 Python " +"解释器的推荐方式，并请使用 ``-m`` 命令行格式来启动已安装的模块。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:389 +msgid "" +"Resolving the path of *executable* (or the first item of *args*) is platform" +" dependent. For POSIX, see :meth:`os.execvpe`, and note that when resolving " +"or searching for the executable path, *cwd* overrides the current working " +"directory and *env* can override the ``PATH`` environment variable. For " +"Windows, see the documentation of the ``lpApplicationName`` and " +"``lpCommandLine`` parameters of WinAPI ``CreateProcess``, and note that when" +" resolving or searching for the executable path with ``shell=False``, *cwd* " +"does not override the current working directory and *env* cannot override " +"the ``PATH`` environment variable. Using a full path avoids all of these " +"variations." +msgstr "" +"对 *executable* (或 *args* 的第一项) 路径的解析方式依赖于具体平台。 对于 POSIX，请参阅 " +":meth:`os.execvpe`，并要注意当解析或搜索可执行文件路径时，*cwd* 会覆盖当前工作目录而 *env* 可以覆盖 ``PATH`` " +"环境变量。 对于 Windows，请参阅 ``lpApplicationName`` 的文档以及 ``lpCommandLine`` 形参 (传给 " +"WinAPI ``CreateProcess``)，并要注意当解析或搜索可执行文件路径时如果传入 ``shell=False``，则 *cwd* " +"不会覆盖当前工作目录而 *env* 无法覆盖 ``PATH`` 环境变量。 使用完整路径可避免所有这些变化情况。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:400 +msgid "" +"An example of passing some arguments to an external program as a sequence " +"is::" +msgstr "向外部函数传入序列形式参数的一个例子如下::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:403 +msgid "Popen([\"/usr/bin/git\", \"commit\", \"-m\", \"Fixes a bug.\"])" +msgstr "Popen([\"/usr/bin/git\", \"commit\", \"-m\", \"Fixes a bug.\"])" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:405 +msgid "" +"On POSIX, if *args* is a string, the string is interpreted as the name or " +"path of the program to execute. However, this can only be done if not " +"passing arguments to the program." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX，如果 *args* 是一个字符串，此字符串被作为将被执行的程序的命名或路径解释。但是，只有在不传递任何参数给程序的情况下才能这么做。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:411 +msgid "" +"It may not be obvious how to break a shell command into a sequence of " +"arguments, especially in complex cases. :meth:`shlex.split` can illustrate " +"how to determine the correct tokenization for *args*::" +msgstr "" +"将 shell 命令拆分为参数序列的方式可能并不很直观，特别是在复杂的情况下。 :meth:`shlex.split` 可以演示如何确定 *args* " +"适当的拆分形式::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:415 +msgid "" +">>> import shlex, subprocess\n" +">>> command_line = input()\n" +"/bin/vikings -input eggs.txt -output \"spam spam.txt\" -cmd \"echo '$MONEY'\"\n" +">>> args = shlex.split(command_line)\n" +">>> print(args)\n" +"['/bin/vikings', '-input', 'eggs.txt', '-output', 'spam spam.txt', '-cmd', \"echo '$MONEY'\"]\n" +">>> p = subprocess.Popen(args) # Success!" +msgstr "" +">>> import shlex, subprocess\n" +">>> command_line = input()\n" +"/bin/vikings -input eggs.txt -output \"spam spam.txt\" -cmd \"echo '$MONEY'\"\n" +">>> args = shlex.split(command_line)\n" +">>> print(args)\n" +"['/bin/vikings', '-input', 'eggs.txt', '-output', 'spam spam.txt', '-cmd', \"echo '$MONEY'\"]\n" +">>> p = subprocess.Popen(args) # Success!" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:423 +msgid "" +"Note in particular that options (such as *-input*) and arguments (such as " +"*eggs.txt*) that are separated by whitespace in the shell go in separate " +"list elements, while arguments that need quoting or backslash escaping when " +"used in the shell (such as filenames containing spaces or the *echo* command" +" shown above) are single list elements." +msgstr "" +"特别注意，由 shell 中的空格分隔的选项（例如 *-input*）和参数（例如 *eggs.txt* " +"）位于分开的列表元素中，而在需要时使用引号或反斜杠转义的参数在 shell （例如包含空格的文件名或上面显示的 *echo* 命令）是单独的列表元素。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:429 +msgid "" +"On Windows, if *args* is a sequence, it will be converted to a string in a " +"manner described in :ref:`converting-argument-sequence`. This is because " +"the underlying ``CreateProcess()`` operates on strings." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows，如果 *args* 是一个序列，他将通过一个在 :ref:`converting-argument-sequence` " +"描述的方式被转换为一个字符串。这是因为底层的 ``CreateProcess()`` 只处理字符串。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:433 +msgid "" +"*args* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object` if *shell* is ``False`` " +"and a sequence containing path-like objects on POSIX." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 上如果 *shell* 为 ``False`` 并且序列包含路径类对象则 *args* 形参可以接受一个 :term:`path-" +"like object`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:437 +msgid "" +"*args* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object` if *shell* is ``False`` " +"and a sequence containing bytes and path-like objects on Windows." +msgstr "" +"如果在Windows 上 *shell* 为 ``False`` 并且序列包含字节串和路径类对象则 *args* 形参可以接受一个 " +":term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:442 +msgid "" +"The *shell* argument (which defaults to ``False``) specifies whether to use " +"the shell as the program to execute. If *shell* is ``True``, it is " +"recommended to pass *args* as a string rather than as a sequence." +msgstr "" +"参数 *shell* （默认为 ``False``）指定是否使用 shell 执行程序。如果 *shell* 为 ``True``，更推荐将 " +"*args* 作为字符串传递而非序列。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:446 +msgid "" +"On POSIX with ``shell=True``, the shell defaults to :file:`/bin/sh`. If " +"*args* is a string, the string specifies the command to execute through the " +"shell. This means that the string must be formatted exactly as it would be " +"when typed at the shell prompt. This includes, for example, quoting or " +"backslash escaping filenames with spaces in them. If *args* is a sequence, " +"the first item specifies the command string, and any additional items will " +"be treated as additional arguments to the shell itself. That is to say, " +":class:`Popen` does the equivalent of::" +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX，当 ``shell=True``， shell 默认为 :file:`/bin/sh`。如果 *args* " +"是一个字符串，此字符串指定将通过 shell " +"执行的命令。这意味着字符串的格式必须和在命令提示符中所输入的完全相同。这包括，例如，引号和反斜杠转义包含空格的文件名。如果 *args* " +"是一个序列，第一项指定了命令，另外的项目将作为传递给 shell （而非命令） 的参数对待。也就是说， :class:`Popen` 等同于::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:455 +msgid "Popen(['/bin/sh', '-c', args[0], args[1], ...])" +msgstr "Popen(['/bin/sh', '-c', args[0], args[1], ...])" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:457 +msgid "" +"On Windows with ``shell=True``, the :envvar:`COMSPEC` environment variable " +"specifies the default shell. The only time you need to specify " +"``shell=True`` on Windows is when the command you wish to execute is built " +"into the shell (e.g. :command:`dir` or :command:`copy`). You do not need " +"``shell=True`` to run a batch file or console-based executable." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows，使用 ``shell=True``，环境变量 :envvar:`COMSPEC` 指定了默认 shell。在 Windows " +"你唯一需要指定 ``shell=True`` 的情况是你想要执行内置在 shell 中的命令（例如 :command:`dir` 或者 " +":command:`copy`）。在运行一个批处理文件或者基于控制台的可执行文件时，不需要 ``shell=True``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:467 +msgid "" +"*bufsize* will be supplied as the corresponding argument to the :func:`open`" +" function when creating the stdin/stdout/stderr pipe file objects:" +msgstr "*bufsize* 将在 :func:`open` 函数创建了 stdin/stdout/stderr 管道文件对象时作为对应的参数供应:" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:471 +msgid "" +"``0`` means unbuffered (read and write are one system call and can return " +"short)" +msgstr "``0`` 表示不使用缓冲区（读取与写入是一个系统调用并且可以返回短内容）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:473 +msgid "" +"``1`` means line buffered (only usable if ``text=True`` or " +"``universal_newlines=True``)" +msgstr "``1`` 表示带有行缓冲（仅在 ``text=True`` 或 ``universal_newlines=True`` 时有用）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:475 +msgid "any other positive value means use a buffer of approximately that size" +msgstr "任何其他正值表示使用一个约为对应大小的缓冲区" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:477 +msgid "" +"negative bufsize (the default) means the system default of " +"io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE will be used." +msgstr "负的 *bufsize* （默认）表示使用系统默认的 io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:480 +msgid "" +"*bufsize* now defaults to -1 to enable buffering by default to match the " +"behavior that most code expects. In versions prior to Python 3.2.4 and " +"3.3.1 it incorrectly defaulted to ``0`` which was unbuffered and allowed " +"short reads. This was unintentional and did not match the behavior of " +"Python 2 as most code expected." +msgstr "" +"*bufsize* 现在默认为 -1 表示启用缓冲以符合大多数代码所期望的行为。 在 Python 3.2.4 和 3.3.1 " +"之前的版本中它错误地将默认值设为 ``0`` 即无缓冲并且允许短读取。 这是无意的失误并且与大多数代码所期望的 Python 2 的行为不一致。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:487 +msgid "" +"The *executable* argument specifies a replacement program to execute. It " +"is very seldom needed. When ``shell=False``, *executable* replaces the " +"program to execute specified by *args*. However, the original *args* is " +"still passed to the program. Most programs treat the program specified by " +"*args* as the command name, which can then be different from the program " +"actually executed. On POSIX, the *args* name becomes the display name for " +"the executable in utilities such as :program:`ps`. If ``shell=True``, on " +"POSIX the *executable* argument specifies a replacement shell for the " +"default :file:`/bin/sh`." +msgstr "" +"*executable* 参数指定一个要执行的替换程序。这很少需要。当 ``shell=True``， *executable* 替换 *args* " +"指定运行的程序。但是，原始的 *args* 仍然被传递给程序。大多数程序将被 *args* 指定的程序作为命令名对待，这可以与实际运行的程序不同。在 " +"POSIX， *args* 名作为实际调用程序中可执行文件的显示名称，例如 :program:`ps`。如果 ``shell=True``，在 " +"POSIX， *executable* 参数指定用于替换默认 shell :file:`/bin/sh` 的 shell。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:497 +msgid "*executable* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object` on POSIX." +msgstr "在POSIX 上 *executable* 形参可以接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:500 +msgid "" +"*executable* parameter accepts a bytes and :term:`path-like object` on " +"Windows." +msgstr "在Windows 上 *executable* 形参可以接受一个字节串和 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:512 +msgid "" +"*stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* specify the executed program's standard " +"input, standard output and standard error file handles, respectively. Valid" +" values are ``None``, :data:`PIPE`, :data:`DEVNULL`, an existing file " +"descriptor (a positive integer), and an existing :term:`file object` with a " +"valid file descriptor. With the default settings of ``None``, no " +"redirection will occur. :data:`PIPE` indicates that a new pipe to the child" +" should be created. :data:`DEVNULL` indicates that the special file " +":data:`os.devnull` will be used. Additionally, *stderr* can be " +":data:`STDOUT`, which indicates that the stderr data from the applications " +"should be captured into the same file handle as for *stdout*." +msgstr "" +"*stdin*, *stdout* 和 *stderr* 分别指定被执行程序的标准输入、标准输出和标准错误文件句柄。 合法的值包括 ``None``, " +":data:`PIPE`, :data:`DEVNULL`, 现在的文件描述符（一个正整数），现存的具有合法文件描述符的 :term:`file " +"object`。 当使用默认设置 ``None`` 时，将不会进行任何重定向。 :data:`PIPE` 表示应当新建一个连接子进程的管道。 " +":data:`DEVNULL` 表示将使用特殊文件 :data:`os.devnull`。 此外，*stderr* 还可以为 " +":data:`STDOUT`，这表示来自子进程的 stderr 数据应当被捕获到与 *stdout* 相同的文件句柄中。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:523 +msgid "" +"If *preexec_fn* is set to a callable object, this object will be called in " +"the child process just before the child is executed. (POSIX only)" +msgstr "如果 *preexec_fn* 被设为一个可调用对象，此对象将在子进程刚创建时被调用。（仅 POSIX）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:529 +msgid "" +"The *preexec_fn* parameter is NOT SAFE to use in the presence of threads in " +"your application. The child process could deadlock before exec is called." +msgstr "*preexec_fn* 形参在应用程序中存在多线程时是不安全的。 子进程在 exec 被调用之前可能会死锁。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:535 +msgid "" +"If you need to modify the environment for the child use the *env* parameter " +"rather than doing it in a *preexec_fn*. The *start_new_session* and " +"*process_group* parameters should take the place of code using *preexec_fn* " +"to call :func:`os.setsid` or :func:`os.setpgid` in the child." +msgstr "" +"如果你需要为子进程修改环境请使用 *env* 形参而不要在 *preexec_fn* 中操作。 *start_new_session* 和 " +"*process_group* 形参应当代替使用 *preexec_fn* 的代码来在子进程中调用 :func:`os.setsid` 或 " +":func:`os.setpgid`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:542 +msgid "" +"The *preexec_fn* parameter is no longer supported in subinterpreters. The " +"use of the parameter in a subinterpreter raises :exc:`RuntimeError`. The new" +" restriction may affect applications that are deployed in mod_wsgi, uWSGI, " +"and other embedded environments." +msgstr "" +"*preexec_fn* 形参在子解释器中已不再受支持。 在子解释器中使用此形参将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 " +"这个新限制可能会影响部署在 mod_wsgi, uWSGI 和其他嵌入式环境中的应用。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:547 +msgid "" +"If *close_fds* is true, all file descriptors except ``0``, ``1`` and ``2`` " +"will be closed before the child process is executed. Otherwise when " +"*close_fds* is false, file descriptors obey their inheritable flag as " +"described in :ref:`fd_inheritance`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *close_fds* 为真值，则除 ``0``, ``1`` 和 ``2`` 之外的所有文件描述符都将在子进程执行前被关闭。 而当 " +"*close_fds* 为假值时，文件描述符将遵循它们的可继承旗标，如 :ref:`fd_inheritance` 所描述的。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:552 +msgid "" +"On Windows, if *close_fds* is true then no handles will be inherited by the " +"child process unless explicitly passed in the ``handle_list`` element of " +":attr:`STARTUPINFO.lpAttributeList`, or by standard handle redirection." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows，如果 *close_fds* 为真， 则子进程不会继承任何句柄，除非在 " +":attr:`STARTUPINFO.IpAttributeList` 的 ``handle_list`` 的键中显式传递，或者通过标准句柄重定向传递。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:556 +msgid "" +"The default for *close_fds* was changed from :const:`False` to what is " +"described above." +msgstr "*close_fds* 的默认值已经从 :const:`False` 修改为上述值。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:560 +msgid "" +"On Windows the default for *close_fds* was changed from :const:`False` to " +":const:`True` when redirecting the standard handles. It's now possible to " +"set *close_fds* to :const:`True` when redirecting the standard handles." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows，当重定向标准句柄时 *close_fds* 的默认值从 :const:`False` 变为 " +":const:`True`。现在重定向标准句柄时有可能设置 *close_fds* 为 :const:`True`。（标准句柄指三个 stdio " +"的句柄）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:565 +msgid "" +"*pass_fds* is an optional sequence of file descriptors to keep open between " +"the parent and child. Providing any *pass_fds* forces *close_fds* to be " +":const:`True`. (POSIX only)" +msgstr "" +"*pass_fds* 是一个可选的在父子进程间保持打开的文件描述符序列。提供任何 *pass_fds* 将强制 *close_fds* 为 " +":const:`True`。（仅 POSIX）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:569 +msgid "The *pass_fds* parameter was added." +msgstr "加入了 *pass_fds* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:572 +msgid "" +"If *cwd* is not ``None``, the function changes the working directory to " +"*cwd* before executing the child. *cwd* can be a string, bytes or " +":term:`path-like ` object. On POSIX, the function looks " +"for *executable* (or for the first item in *args*) relative to *cwd* if the " +"executable path is a relative path." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cwd* 不为 ``None``，此函数在执行子进程前会将当前工作目录改为 *cwd*。 *cwd* 可以是一个字符串、字节串或 " +":term:`路径类对象 `。 在 POSIX 上，如果可执行文件路径为相对路径则此函数会相对于 *cwd* 来查找" +" *executable* (或 *args* 的第一项)。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:578 +msgid "*cwd* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object` on POSIX." +msgstr "在 POSIX 上 *cwd* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:581 +msgid "*cwd* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object` on Windows." +msgstr "在 Windows 上 *cwd* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:584 +msgid "*cwd* parameter accepts a bytes object on Windows." +msgstr "在 Windows 上 *cwd* 形参接受一个字节串对象。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:587 +msgid "" +"If *restore_signals* is true (the default) all signals that Python has set " +"to SIG_IGN are restored to SIG_DFL in the child process before the exec. " +"Currently this includes the SIGPIPE, SIGXFZ and SIGXFSZ signals. (POSIX " +"only)" +msgstr "" +" 如果 *restore_signals* 为 true（默认值），则 Python 设置为 SIG_IGN 的所有信号将在 exec " +"之前的子进程中恢复为 SIG_DFL。目前，这包括 SIGPIPE ，SIGXFZ 和 SIGXFSZ 信号。 （仅 POSIX）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:592 +msgid "*restore_signals* was added." +msgstr "*restore_signals* 被加入。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:595 +msgid "" +"If *start_new_session* is true the ``setsid()`` system call will be made in " +"the child process prior to the execution of the subprocess." +msgstr "如果 *start_new_session* 为真值则 ``setsid()`` 系统调用将在执行子进程之前在子进程中执行。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:599 +msgid "*start_new_session* was added." +msgstr "*start_new_session* 被添加。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:602 +msgid "" +"If *process_group* is a non-negative integer, the ``setpgid(0, value)`` " +"system call will be made in the child process prior to the execution of the " +"subprocess." +msgstr "" +"如果 *process_group* 为非负整数，则 ``setpgid(0, value)`` 系统调用将在执行子进程之前在子进程中执行。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:606 +msgid "*process_group* was added." +msgstr "添加了 *process_group*。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:609 +msgid "" +"If *group* is not ``None``, the setregid() system call will be made in the " +"child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. If the provided " +"value is a string, it will be looked up via :func:`grp.getgrnam` and the " +"value in ``gr_gid`` will be used. If the value is an integer, it will be " +"passed verbatim. (POSIX only)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *group* 不为 ``None``，则 setregid() 系统调用将在子进程执行之前在下级进程中进行。 如果所提供的值是一个字符串，将通过" +" :func:`grp.getgrnam` 来查找它并将使用 ``gr_gid`` 中的值。 如果该值是一个整数，它将被原样传递。 （POSIX 专属）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:618 +msgid "" +"If *extra_groups* is not ``None``, the setgroups() system call will be made " +"in the child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. Strings " +"provided in *extra_groups* will be looked up via :func:`grp.getgrnam` and " +"the values in ``gr_gid`` will be used. Integer values will be passed " +"verbatim. (POSIX only)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *extra_groups* 不为 ``None``，则 setgroups() 系统调用将在子进程执行之前在下级进程中进行。 在 " +"*extra_groups* 中提供的字符串将通过 :func:`grp.getgrnam` 来查找并将使用 ``gr_gid`` 中的值。 " +"整数值将被原样传递。 （POSIX 专属）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:627 +msgid "" +"If *user* is not ``None``, the setreuid() system call will be made in the " +"child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. If the provided " +"value is a string, it will be looked up via :func:`pwd.getpwnam` and the " +"value in ``pw_uid`` will be used. If the value is an integer, it will be " +"passed verbatim. (POSIX only)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *user* 不为 ``None``，则 setreuid() 系统调用将在子进程执行之前 在下级进程中进行。 如果所提供的值是一个字符串，将通过" +" :func:`pwd.getpwnam` 来查找它并将使用 ``pw_uid`` 中的值。 如果该值是一个整数，它将被原样传递。 （POSIX 专属）" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:636 +msgid "" +"If *umask* is not negative, the umask() system call will be made in the " +"child process prior to the execution of the subprocess." +msgstr "如果 *umask* 不为负值，则 umask() 系统调用将在子进程执行之前在下级进程中进行。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:642 +msgid "" +"If *env* is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the environment " +"variables for the new process; these are used instead of the default " +"behavior of inheriting the current process' environment. This mapping can be" +" str to str on any platform or bytes to bytes on POSIX platforms much like " +":data:`os.environ` or :data:`os.environb`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *env* 不为 ``None``，则它必须是一个为新进程定义环境变量的映射；它们将顶替继承当前环境的默认行为被使用。 " +"这个映射在任何平台上均可以是字符串到字符串的映射或者在 POSIX 平台上也可以是字节串到字节串的映射，就像是 :data:`os.environ` " +"或者 :data:`os.environb`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:650 +msgid "" +"If specified, *env* must provide any variables required for the program to " +"execute. On Windows, in order to run a `side-by-side assembly`_ the " +"specified *env* **must** include a valid :envvar:`SystemRoot`." +msgstr "" +"如果指定， *env* 必须提供所有被子进程需求的变量。在 Windows，为了运行一个 `side-by-side assembly`_ ，指定的 " +"*env* **必须** 包含一个有效的 :envvar:`SystemRoot`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:656 +msgid "" +"If *encoding* or *errors* are specified, or *text* is true, the file objects" +" *stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* are opened in text mode with the specified " +"*encoding* and *errors*, as described above in :ref:`frequently-used-" +"arguments`. The *universal_newlines* argument is equivalent to *text* and " +"is provided for backwards compatibility. By default, file objects are opened" +" in binary mode." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *encoding* 或 *errors*，或者如果 *text* 为真值，则文件对象 *stdin*, *stdout* 和 " +"*stderr* 将使用指定的 *encoding* 和 *errors* 以文本模式打开，就如上文 :ref:`frequently-used-" +"arguments` 中所描述的。 *universal_newlines* 参数等同于 *text* 且是出于下向兼容性考虑而提供的。 " +"在默认情况下，文件对象将以二进制模式打开。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:662 +msgid "*encoding* and *errors* were added." +msgstr "*encoding* 和 *errors* 被添加。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:665 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1312 +msgid "*text* was added as a more readable alias for *universal_newlines*." +msgstr "*text* 作为 *universal_newlines* 的一个更具可读性的别名被添加。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:668 +msgid "" +"If given, *startupinfo* will be a :class:`STARTUPINFO` object, which is " +"passed to the underlying ``CreateProcess`` function." +msgstr "" +"如果给出，*startupinfo* 将是一个 :class:`STARTUPINFO` 对象，它会被传递给下层的 ``CreateProcess`` " +"函数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:671 +msgid "If given, *creationflags*, can be one or more of the following flags:" +msgstr "如果给出，*creationflags* 可以是下列旗标中的一个或多个：" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:673 +msgid ":data:`CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE`" +msgstr ":data:`CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:674 +msgid ":data:`CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP`" +msgstr ":data:`CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:675 +msgid ":data:`ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS`" +msgstr ":data:`ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:676 +msgid ":data:`BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS`" +msgstr ":data:`BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:677 +msgid ":data:`HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS`" +msgstr ":data:`HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:678 +msgid ":data:`IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS`" +msgstr ":data:`IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:679 +msgid ":data:`NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS`" +msgstr ":data:`NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:680 +msgid ":data:`REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS`" +msgstr ":data:`REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:681 +msgid ":data:`CREATE_NO_WINDOW`" +msgstr ":data:`CREATE_NO_WINDOW`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:682 +msgid ":data:`DETACHED_PROCESS`" +msgstr ":data:`DETACHED_PROCESS`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:683 +msgid ":data:`CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE`" +msgstr ":data:`CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:684 +msgid ":data:`CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB`" +msgstr ":data:`CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:686 +msgid "" +"*pipesize* can be used to change the size of the pipe when :data:`PIPE` is " +"used for *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr*. The size of the pipe is only changed" +" on platforms that support this (only Linux at this time of writing). Other " +"platforms will ignore this parameter." +msgstr "" +"当 :data:`PIPE` 被用作 *stdin*, *stdout* 或 *stderr* 时 *pipesize* 可被用于改变管道的大小。 " +"管道的大小仅会在受支持的平台上被改变（当撰写本文档时只有 Linux 支持）。 其他平台将忽略此形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:691 +msgid "Added the *pipesize* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *pipesize* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:694 +msgid "" +"Popen objects are supported as context managers via the :keyword:`with` " +"statement: on exit, standard file descriptors are closed, and the process is" +" waited for. ::" +msgstr "Popen 对象支持通过 :keyword:`with` 语句作为上下文管理器，在退出时关闭文件描述符并等待进程::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:698 +msgid "" +"with Popen([\"ifconfig\"], stdout=PIPE) as proc:\n" +" log.write(proc.stdout.read())" +msgstr "" +"with Popen([\"ifconfig\"], stdout=PIPE) as proc:\n" +" log.write(proc.stdout.read())" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:701 ../../library/subprocess.rst:703 +msgid "" +"Popen and the other functions in this module that use it raise an " +":ref:`auditing event ` ``subprocess.Popen`` with arguments " +"``executable``, ``args``, ``cwd``, and ``env``. The value for ``args`` may " +"be a single string or a list of strings, depending on platform." +msgstr "" +"Popen 和此模块中用到它的其他函数会引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``subprocess.Popen``，附带参数 " +"``executable``, ``args``, ``cwd`` 和 ``env``。 ``args`` " +"的值可以是单个字符串或字符串列表，取决于具体的平台。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:708 +msgid "Added context manager support." +msgstr "添加了上下文管理器支持。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:711 +msgid "" +"Popen destructor now emits a :exc:`ResourceWarning` warning if the child " +"process is still running." +msgstr "现在，如果 Popen 析构时子进程仍然在运行，则析构器会发送一个 :exc:`ResourceWarning` 警告。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:715 +msgid "" +"Popen can use :func:`os.posix_spawn` in some cases for better performance. " +"On Windows Subsystem for Linux and QEMU User Emulation, Popen constructor " +"using :func:`os.posix_spawn` no longer raise an exception on errors like " +"missing program, but the child process fails with a non-zero " +":attr:`~Popen.returncode`." +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下 Popen 可以使用 :func:`os.posix_spawn` 以获得更好的性能。在适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统和 " +"QEMU 用户模拟器上，使用 :func:`os.posix_spawn` 的 Popen " +"构造器不再会因找不到程序等错误而引发异常，而是上下级进程失败并返回一个非零的 :attr:`~Popen.returncode`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:724 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:726 +msgid "" +"Exceptions raised in the child process, before the new program has started " +"to execute, will be re-raised in the parent." +msgstr "在子进程中抛出的异常，在新的进程开始执行前，将会被再次在父进程中抛出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:729 +msgid "" +"The most common exception raised is :exc:`OSError`. This occurs, for " +"example, when trying to execute a non-existent file. Applications should " +"prepare for :exc:`OSError` exceptions. Note that, when ``shell=True``, " +":exc:`OSError` will be raised by the child only if the selected shell itself" +" was not found. To determine if the shell failed to find the requested " +"application, it is necessary to check the return code or output from the " +"subprocess." +msgstr "" +"被引发的最一般异常是 :exc:`OSError`。 例如这会在尝试执行一个不存在的文件时发生。 应用程序应当为 :exc:`OSError` " +"异常做好准备。 请注意，如果 ``shell=True``，则 :exc:`OSError` 仅会在未找到选定的 shell 本身时被引发。 要确定 " +"shell 是否未找到所请求的应用程序，必须检查来自子进程的返回码或输出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:736 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if :class:`Popen` is called with invalid " +"arguments." +msgstr "如果 :class:`Popen` 调用时有无效的参数，则一个 :exc:`ValueError` 将被抛出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:739 +msgid "" +":func:`check_call` and :func:`check_output` will raise " +":exc:`CalledProcessError` if the called process returns a non-zero return " +"code." +msgstr "" +":func:`check_call` 与 :func:`check_output` 在调用的进程返回非零退出码时将抛出 " +":exc:`CalledProcessError`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:743 +msgid "" +"All of the functions and methods that accept a *timeout* parameter, such as " +":func:`run` and :meth:`Popen.communicate` will raise :exc:`TimeoutExpired` " +"if the timeout expires before the process exits." +msgstr "" +"所有接受 *timeout* 形参的函数与方法，例如 :func:`run` 和 :meth:`Popen.communicate` " +"将会在进程退出前超时到期时引发 :exc:`TimeoutExpired`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:747 +msgid "" +"Exceptions defined in this module all inherit from :exc:`SubprocessError`." +msgstr "此模块中定义的异常都继承自 :exc:`SubprocessError`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:749 +msgid "The :exc:`SubprocessError` base class was added." +msgstr "基类 :exc:`SubprocessError` 被添加。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:755 +msgid "Security Considerations" +msgstr "安全考量" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Unlike some other popen functions, this library will not implicitly choose " +"to call a system shell. This means that all characters, including shell " +"metacharacters, can safely be passed to child processes. If the shell is " +"invoked explicitly, via ``shell=True``, it is the application's " +"responsibility to ensure that all whitespace and metacharacters are quoted " +"appropriately to avoid `shell injection " +"`_ " +"vulnerabilities. On :ref:`some platforms `, it is " +"possible to use :func:`shlex.quote` for this escaping." +msgstr "" +"不同于某些其他的 popen 函数，这个库将不会隐式地选择调用系统 shell。 这意味着所有字符，包括 shell 元字符都可以被安全地传递给子进程。" +" 如果 shell 是通过 ``shell=True`` 被显式地唤起的，则应用程序要负责确保所有空白符和元字符被适当地转义以避免 `shell 注入 " +"`_ 安全漏洞。 在 " +":ref:`某些平台 ` 上，可以使用 :func:`shlex.quote` 来执行这种转义。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:767 +msgid "" +"On Windows, batch files (:file:`*.bat` or :file:`*.cmd`) may be launched by " +"the operating system in a system shell regardless of the arguments passed to" +" this library. This could result in arguments being parsed according to " +"shell rules, but without any escaping added by Python. If you are " +"intentionally launching a batch file with arguments from untrusted sources, " +"consider passing ``shell=True`` to allow Python to escape special " +"characters. See :gh:`114539` for additional discussion." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，批处理文件 (:file:`*.bat` 或 :file:`*.cmd`) 可以在系统 shell " +"中通过操作系统调用来启动而忽略传给该库的参数。 这可能导致根据 shell 规则来解析参数，而没有任何 Python 添加的转义。 " +"如果你想要附带来自不受信任源的参数启动批处理文件，请考虑传入 ``shell=True`` 以允许 Python 转义特殊字符。 请参阅 " +":gh:`114539` 了解相关讨论。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:777 +msgid "Popen Objects" +msgstr "Popen 对象" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:779 +msgid "Instances of the :class:`Popen` class have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Popen` 类的实例拥有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Check if child process has terminated. Set and return " +":attr:`~Popen.returncode` attribute. Otherwise, returns ``None``." +msgstr "检查子进程是否已被终止。设置并返回 :attr:`~Popen.returncode` 属性。否则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:790 +msgid "" +"Wait for child process to terminate. Set and return " +":attr:`~Popen.returncode` attribute." +msgstr "等待子进程被终止。设置并返回 :attr:`~Popen.returncode` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:793 +msgid "" +"If the process does not terminate after *timeout* seconds, raise a " +":exc:`TimeoutExpired` exception. It is safe to catch this exception and " +"retry the wait." +msgstr "如果进程在 *timeout* 秒后未中断，抛出一个 :exc:`TimeoutExpired` 异常，可以安全地捕获此异常并重新等待。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:799 +msgid "" +"This will deadlock when using ``stdout=PIPE`` or ``stderr=PIPE`` and the " +"child process generates enough output to a pipe such that it blocks waiting " +"for the OS pipe buffer to accept more data. Use :meth:`Popen.communicate` " +"when using pipes to avoid that." +msgstr "" +"当 ``stdout=PIPE`` 或者 ``stderr=PIPE`` 并且子进程产生了足以阻塞 OS " +"管道缓冲区接收更多数据的输出到管道时，将会发生死锁。当使用管道时用 :meth:`Popen.communicate` 来规避它。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:806 +msgid "" +"When the ``timeout`` parameter is not ``None``, then (on POSIX) the function" +" is implemented using a busy loop (non-blocking call and short sleeps). Use " +"the :mod:`asyncio` module for an asynchronous wait: see " +":class:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec`." +msgstr "" +"当 ``timeout`` 形参不为 ``None`` 时，该函数（在 POSIX 上）将使用一个忙循环（非阻塞调用及短睡眠）来实现。 使用 " +":mod:`asyncio` 模块进行异步等待：参见 :class:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:811 ../../library/subprocess.rst:852 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1209 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1249 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1303 +msgid "*timeout* was added." +msgstr "*timeout* 被添加" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:816 +msgid "" +"Interact with process: Send data to stdin. Read data from stdout and " +"stderr, until end-of-file is reached. Wait for process to terminate and set" +" the :attr:`~Popen.returncode` attribute. The optional *input* argument " +"should be data to be sent to the child process, or ``None``, if no data " +"should be sent to the child. If streams were opened in text mode, *input* " +"must be a string. Otherwise, it must be bytes." +msgstr "" +"与进程交互：将数据发送到 stdin。 从 stdout 和 stderr 读取数据，直到抵达文件结尾。 等待进程终止并设置 " +":attr:`~Popen.returncode` 属性。 可选的 *input* " +"参数应为要发送到下级进程的数据，或者如果没有要发送到下级进程的数据则为 ``None``。 如果流是以文本模式打开的，则 *input* 必须为字符串。" +" 在其他情况下，它必须为字节串。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:823 +msgid "" +":meth:`communicate` returns a tuple ``(stdout_data, stderr_data)``. The data" +" will be strings if streams were opened in text mode; otherwise, bytes." +msgstr "" +":meth:`communicate` 返回一个 ``(stdout_data, stderr_data)`` " +"元组。如果文件以文本模式打开则为字符串；否则字节。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Note that if you want to send data to the process's stdin, you need to " +"create the Popen object with ``stdin=PIPE``. Similarly, to get anything " +"other than ``None`` in the result tuple, you need to give ``stdout=PIPE`` " +"and/or ``stderr=PIPE`` too." +msgstr "" +"注意如果你想要向进程的 stdin 传输数据，你需要通过 ``stdin=PIPE`` 创建此 Popen 对象。类似的，要从结果元组获取任何非 " +"``None`` 值，你同样需要设置 ``stdout=PIPE`` 或者 ``stderr=PIPE``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:832 +msgid "" +"If the process does not terminate after *timeout* seconds, a " +":exc:`TimeoutExpired` exception will be raised. Catching this exception and" +" retrying communication will not lose any output." +msgstr "" +"如果进程在 *timeout* 秒后未终止，一个 :exc:`TimeoutExpired` 异常将被抛出。捕获此异常并重新等待将不会丢失任何输出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:836 +msgid "" +"The child process is not killed if the timeout expires, so in order to " +"cleanup properly a well-behaved application should kill the child process " +"and finish communication::" +msgstr "如果超时到期，子进程不会被杀死，所以为了正确清理一个行为良好的应用程序应该杀死子进程并完成通讯。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:840 +msgid "" +"proc = subprocess.Popen(...)\n" +"try:\n" +" outs, errs = proc.communicate(timeout=15)\n" +"except TimeoutExpired:\n" +" proc.kill()\n" +" outs, errs = proc.communicate()" +msgstr "" +"proc = subprocess.Popen(...)\n" +"try:\n" +" outs, errs = proc.communicate(timeout=15)\n" +"except TimeoutExpired:\n" +" proc.kill()\n" +" outs, errs = proc.communicate()" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:849 +msgid "" +"The data read is buffered in memory, so do not use this method if the data " +"size is large or unlimited." +msgstr "内存里数据读取是缓冲的，所以如果数据尺寸过大或无限，不要使用此方法。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:858 +msgid "Sends the signal *signal* to the child." +msgstr "将信号 *signal* 发送给子进程。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:860 +msgid "Do nothing if the process completed." +msgstr "如果进程已完成则不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:864 +msgid "" +"On Windows, SIGTERM is an alias for :meth:`terminate`. CTRL_C_EVENT and " +"CTRL_BREAK_EVENT can be sent to processes started with a *creationflags* " +"parameter which includes ``CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，SIGTERM 是 :meth:`terminate` 的别名。 CTRL_C_EVENT 和 CTRL_BREAK_EVENT" +" 可被发送给以包括 ``CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP`` 的 *creationflags* 形参来启动的进程。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:871 +msgid "" +"Stop the child. On POSIX OSs the method sends :py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` to" +" the child. On Windows the Win32 API function :c:func:`!TerminateProcess` is" +" called to stop the child." +msgstr "" +"停止子进程。 在 POSIX 操作系统上此方法会发送 :py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` 给子进程。 在 Windows 上则会调用" +" Win32 API 函数 :c:func:`!TerminateProcess` 来停止子进程。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:878 +msgid "" +"Kills the child. On POSIX OSs the function sends SIGKILL to the child. On " +"Windows :meth:`kill` is an alias for :meth:`terminate`." +msgstr "" +"杀死子进程。 在 POSIX 操作系统上，此函数会发送 SIGKILL 给子进程。 在 Windows 上 :meth:`kill` 则是 " +":meth:`terminate` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:882 +msgid "" +"The following attributes are also set by the class for you to access. " +"Reassigning them to new values is unsupported:" +msgstr "下列属性也会通过类来设置以供你访问。 将它们重赋新值是不受支持的:" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:887 +msgid "" +"The *args* argument as it was passed to :class:`Popen` -- a sequence of " +"program arguments or else a single string." +msgstr "*args* 参数传递给 :class:`Popen` -- 一个程序参数的序列或者一个简单字符串。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:894 +msgid "" +"If the *stdin* argument was :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is a writeable " +"stream object as returned by :func:`open`. If the *encoding* or *errors* " +"arguments were specified or the *text* or *universal_newlines* argument was " +"``True``, the stream is a text stream, otherwise it is a byte stream. If the" +" *stdin* argument was not :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *stdin* 参数为 :data:`PIPE`，此属性是一个类似 :func:`open` 所返回对象的可写流对象。 如果指定了 " +"*encoding* 或 *errors* 参数或者 *text* 或 *universal_newlines* 参数为 " +"``True``，则这个流将是一个文本流，否则将是一个字节流。 如果 *stdin* 参数不为 :data:`PIPE`，则此属性将为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:903 +msgid "" +"If the *stdout* argument was :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is a readable " +"stream object as returned by :func:`open`. Reading from the stream provides " +"output from the child process. If the *encoding* or *errors* arguments were " +"specified or the *text* or *universal_newlines* argument was ``True``, the " +"stream is a text stream, otherwise it is a byte stream. If the *stdout* " +"argument was not :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *stdout* 参数为 :data:`PIPE`，此属性是一个类似 :func:`open` 所返回对象的可读流对象。 " +"从流中读取将会提供来自子进程的输出。 如果 *encoding* 或 *errors* 参数被指定或者 *text* 或 " +"*universal_newlines* 参数为 ``True``，则这个流将是一个文本流，否则将是一个字节流。 如果 *stdout* 参数不为 " +":data:`PIPE`，则此属性将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:913 +msgid "" +"If the *stderr* argument was :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is a readable " +"stream object as returned by :func:`open`. Reading from the stream provides " +"error output from the child process. If the *encoding* or *errors* arguments" +" were specified or the *text* or *universal_newlines* argument was ``True``," +" the stream is a text stream, otherwise it is a byte stream. If the *stderr*" +" argument was not :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *stderr* 参数为 :data:`PIPE`，此属性是一个类似 :func:`open` 所返回对象的可读流对象。 " +"从流中读取将会提供来自子进程的错误输出。 如果 *encoding* 或 *errors* 参数被指定或者 *text* 或 " +"*universal_newlines* 参数为 ``True``，则这个流将是一个文本流，否则将是一个字节流。 如果 *stderr* 参数不为 " +":data:`PIPE`，则此属性将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:922 +msgid "" +"Use :meth:`~Popen.communicate` rather than :attr:`.stdin.write " +"`, :attr:`.stdout.read ` or :attr:`.stderr.read " +"` to avoid deadlocks due to any of the other OS pipe buffers " +"filling up and blocking the child process." +msgstr "" +"使用 :meth:`~Popen.communicate` 而非 :attr:`.stdin.write `， " +":attr:`.stdout.read ` 或者 :attr:`.stderr.read ` " +"来避免由于任意其他 OS 管道缓冲区被子进程填满阻塞而导致的死锁。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:930 +msgid "The process ID of the child process." +msgstr "子进程的进程号。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:932 +msgid "" +"Note that if you set the *shell* argument to ``True``, this is the process " +"ID of the spawned shell." +msgstr "注意如果你设置了 *shell* 参数为 ``True``，则这是生成的子 shell 的进程号。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:938 +msgid "" +"The child return code. Initially ``None``, :attr:`returncode` is set by a " +"call to the :meth:`poll`, :meth:`wait`, or :meth:`communicate` methods if " +"they detect that the process has terminated." +msgstr "" +"子进程的返回码。 初始为 ``None``，:attr:`returncode` 是通过在检测到进程终结时调用 :meth:`poll`, " +":meth:`wait` 或 :meth:`communicate` 等方法来设置的。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:942 +msgid "" +"A ``None`` value indicates that the process hadn't yet terminated at the " +"time of the last method call." +msgstr "``None`` 值表示在最近一次方法调用时进程尚未终结" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:950 +msgid "Windows Popen Helpers" +msgstr "Windows Popen 助手" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:952 +msgid "" +"The :class:`STARTUPINFO` class and following constants are only available on" +" Windows." +msgstr ":class:`STARTUPINFO` 类和以下常数仅在 Windows 有效。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:958 +msgid "" +"Partial support of the Windows `STARTUPINFO `__ structure is used for :class:`Popen` " +"creation. The following attributes can be set by passing them as keyword-" +"only arguments." +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`Popen` 创建时部分支持 Windows 的 `STARTUPINFO " +"`__ " +"结构。接下来的属性仅能通过关键词参数设置。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:963 +msgid "Keyword-only argument support was added." +msgstr "仅关键词参数支持被加入。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:968 +msgid "" +"A bit field that determines whether certain :class:`STARTUPINFO` attributes " +"are used when the process creates a window. ::" +msgstr "一个位字段，用于确定进程在创建窗口时是否使用某些 :class:`STARTUPINFO` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:971 +msgid "" +"si = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()\n" +"si.dwFlags = subprocess.STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW" +msgstr "" +"si = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()\n" +"si.dwFlags = subprocess.STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:976 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`dwFlags` specifies :data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES`, this attribute is" +" the standard input handle for the process. If :data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES` " +"is not specified, the default for standard input is the keyboard buffer." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`dwFlags` 被指定为 :data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES`，则此属性是进程的标准输入句柄，如果 " +":data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES` 未指定，则默认的标准输入是键盘缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:983 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`dwFlags` specifies :data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES`, this attribute is" +" the standard output handle for the process. Otherwise, this attribute is " +"ignored and the default for standard output is the console window's buffer." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`dwFlags` 被指定为 " +":data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES`，则此属性是进程的标准输出句柄。除此之外，此此属性将被忽略并且默认标准输出是控制台窗口缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:990 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`dwFlags` specifies :data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES`, this attribute is" +" the standard error handle for the process. Otherwise, this attribute is " +"ignored and the default for standard error is the console window's buffer." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`dwFlags` 被指定为 " +":data:`STARTF_USESTDHANDLES`，则此属性是进程的标准错误句柄。除此之外，此属性将被忽略并且默认标准错误为控制台窗口的缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:996 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`dwFlags` specifies :data:`STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW`, this attribute " +"can be any of the values that can be specified in the ``nCmdShow`` parameter" +" for the `ShowWindow `__ function, except for " +"``SW_SHOWDEFAULT``. Otherwise, this attribute is ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`dwFlags` 指定了 :data:`STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW`，此属性可为能被指定为 函数 " +"`ShowWindow `__ 的nCmdShow 的形参的任意值，除了 " +"``SW_SHOWDEFAULT``。如此之外，此属性被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1003 +msgid "" +":data:`SW_HIDE` is provided for this attribute. It is used when " +":class:`Popen` is called with ``shell=True``." +msgstr ":data:`SW_HIDE` 被提供给此属性。它在 :class:`Popen` 由 ``shell=True`` 调用时使用。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1008 +msgid "" +"A dictionary of additional attributes for process creation as given in " +"``STARTUPINFOEX``, see `UpdateProcThreadAttribute " +"`__." +msgstr "" +"``STARTUPINFOEX`` 给出的用于进程创建的额外属性字典，参阅 `UpdateProcThreadAttribute " +"`__。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1012 +msgid "Supported attributes:" +msgstr "支持的属性：" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1014 +msgid "**handle_list**" +msgstr "**handle_list**" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"Sequence of handles that will be inherited. *close_fds* must be true if non-" +"empty." +msgstr "将被继承的句柄的序列。如果非空， *close_fds* 必须为 true。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1018 +msgid "" +"The handles must be temporarily made inheritable by " +":func:`os.set_handle_inheritable` when passed to the :class:`Popen` " +"constructor, else :class:`OSError` will be raised with Windows error " +"``ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER`` (87)." +msgstr "" +"当传递给 :class:`Popen` 构造函数时，这些句柄必须暂时地能被 :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable` " +"继承，否则 :class:`OSError` 将以 Windows error ``ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER`` (87) 抛出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"In a multithreaded process, use caution to avoid leaking handles that are " +"marked inheritable when combining this feature with concurrent calls to " +"other process creation functions that inherit all handles such as " +":func:`os.system`. This also applies to standard handle redirection, which " +"temporarily creates inheritable handles." +msgstr "" +"在多线程进程中，请谨慎使用，以便在将此功能与对继承所有句柄的其他进程创建函数——例如 :func:`os.system` " +"的并发调用——相结合时，避免泄漏标记为可继承的句柄。这也应用于临时性创建可继承句柄的标准句柄重定向。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1035 +msgid "Windows Constants" +msgstr "Windows 常数" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1037 +msgid "The :mod:`subprocess` module exposes the following constants." +msgstr ":mod:`subprocess` 模块曝出以下常数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"The standard input device. Initially, this is the console input buffer, " +"``CONIN$``." +msgstr "标准输入设备，这是控制台输入缓冲区 ``CONIN$``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"The standard output device. Initially, this is the active console screen " +"buffer, ``CONOUT$``." +msgstr "标准输出设备。最初，这是活动控制台屏幕缓冲区 ``CONOUT$``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"The standard error device. Initially, this is the active console screen " +"buffer, ``CONOUT$``." +msgstr "标准错误设备。最初，这是活动控制台屏幕缓冲区 ``CONOUT$``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1056 +msgid "Hides the window. Another window will be activated." +msgstr "隐藏窗口。另一个窗口将被激活。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"Specifies that the :attr:`STARTUPINFO.hStdInput`, " +":attr:`STARTUPINFO.hStdOutput`, and :attr:`STARTUPINFO.hStdError` attributes" +" contain additional information." +msgstr "" +"指明 :attr:`STARTUPINFO.hStdInput`, :attr:`STARTUPINFO.hStdOutput` 和 " +":attr:`STARTUPINFO.hStdError` 属性包含额外的信息。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1066 +msgid "" +"Specifies that the :attr:`STARTUPINFO.wShowWindow` attribute contains " +"additional information." +msgstr "指明 :attr:`STARTUPINFO.wShowWindow` 属性包含额外的信息。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"A :attr:`STARTUPINFO.dwFlags` parameter to specify that the *Working in " +"Background* mouse cursor will be displayed while a process is launching. " +"This is the default behavior for GUI processes." +msgstr "" +":attr:`STARTUPINFO.dwFlags` 形参指明在进程启动时将显示一个 *正在后台操作* 鼠标提示。 这是 GUI 进程的默认行为。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"A :attr:`STARTUPINFO.dwFlags` parameter to specify that the mouse cursor " +"will not be changed when launching a process." +msgstr "A :attr:`STARTUPINFO.dwFlags` 形参指明在启动进程时鼠标提示将不会改变。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"The new process has a new console, instead of inheriting its parent's " +"console (the default)." +msgstr "新的进程将有新的控制台，而不是继承父进程的（默认）控制台。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1092 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"group will be created. This flag is necessary for using :func:`os.kill` on " +"the subprocess." +msgstr "" +"用于指明将创建一个新的进程组的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。 这个旗标对于在子进程上使用 " +":func:`os.kill` 来说是必须的。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1096 +msgid "This flag is ignored if :data:`CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE` is specified." +msgstr "如果指定了 :data:`CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE` 则这个旗标会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will have an above average priority." +msgstr "用于指明一个新进程将具有高于平均的优先级的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will have a below average priority." +msgstr "用于指明一个新进程将具有低于平均的优先级的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1114 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will have a high priority." +msgstr "用于指明一个新进程将具有高优先级的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will have an idle (lowest) priority." +msgstr "用于指明一个新进程将具有空闲（最低）优先级的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1128 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will have a normal priority. (default)" +msgstr "用于指明一个新进程将具有正常（默认）优先级的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1135 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will have realtime priority. You should almost never use " +"REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS, because this interrupts system threads that manage " +"mouse input, keyboard input, and background disk flushing. This class can be" +" appropriate for applications that \"talk\" directly to hardware or that " +"perform brief tasks that should have limited interruptions." +msgstr "" +"用于指明一个新进程将具有实时优先级的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。 你应当几乎永远不使用 " +"REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS，因为这会中断管理鼠标输入、键盘输入以及后台磁盘刷新的系统线程。 " +"这个类只适用于直接与硬件“对话”，或者执行短暂任务具有受限中断的应用。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1146 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will not create a window." +msgstr "指明一个新进程将不会创建窗口的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"will not inherit its parent's console. This value cannot be used with " +"CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE." +msgstr "" +"指明一个新进程将不会继承其父控制台的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。 这个值不能与 " +"CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE 一同使用。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"does not inherit the error mode of the calling process. Instead, the new " +"process gets the default error mode. This feature is particularly useful for" +" multithreaded shell applications that run with hard errors disabled." +msgstr "" +"指明一个新进程不会继承调用方进程的错误模式的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。 新进程会转为采用默认的错误模式。" +" 这个特性特别适用于运行时禁用硬错误的多线程 shell 应用。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` parameter to specify that a new process " +"is not associated with the job." +msgstr "指明一个新进程不会关联到任务的 :class:`Popen` ``creationflags`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1179 +msgid "Older high-level API" +msgstr "较旧的高阶 API" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.5, these three functions comprised the high level API to " +"subprocess. You can now use :func:`run` in many cases, but lots of existing " +"code calls these functions." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.5 之前，这三个函数组成了 subprocess 的高阶 API。 现在你可以在许多情况下使用 " +":func:`run`，但有大量现在代码仍会调用这些函数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1188 +msgid "" +"Run the command described by *args*. Wait for command to complete, then " +"return the :attr:`~Popen.returncode` attribute." +msgstr "运行由 *args* 所描述的命令。 等待命令完成，然后返回 :attr:`~Popen.returncode` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1191 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1231 +msgid "" +"Code needing to capture stdout or stderr should use :func:`run` instead::" +msgstr "需要捕获 stdout 或 stderr 的代码应当改用 :func:`run`::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1193 +msgid "run(...).returncode" +msgstr "run(...).returncode" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1195 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1235 +msgid "To suppress stdout or stderr, supply a value of :data:`DEVNULL`." +msgstr "要屏蔽 stdout 或 stderr，可提供 :data:`DEVNULL` 这个值。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1197 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"The arguments shown above are merely some common ones. The full function " +"signature is the same as that of the :class:`Popen` constructor - this " +"function passes all supplied arguments other than *timeout* directly through" +" to that interface." +msgstr "" +"上面显示的参数只是常见的一些。 完整的函数签名与 :class:`Popen` 构造器的相同 —— 此函数会将所提供的 *timeout* " +"之外的全部参数直接传递给目标接口。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1204 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"Do not use ``stdout=PIPE`` or ``stderr=PIPE`` with this function. The child" +" process will block if it generates enough output to a pipe to fill up the " +"OS pipe buffer as the pipes are not being read from." +msgstr "" +"请不要在此函数中使用 ``stdout=PIPE`` 或 ``stderr=PIPE``。 如果子进程向管道生成了足以填满 OS " +"管理缓冲区的输出而管道还未被读取时它将会阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1224 +msgid "" +"Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete. If the return " +"code was zero then return, otherwise raise :exc:`CalledProcessError`. The " +":exc:`CalledProcessError` object will have the return code in the " +":attr:`~CalledProcessError.returncode` attribute. If :func:`check_call` was " +"unable to start the process it will propagate the exception that was raised." +msgstr "" +"附带参数运行命令。 等待命令完成。 如果返回码为零则正常返回，否则引发 :exc:`CalledProcessError`。 " +":exc:`CalledProcessError` 对象将在 :attr:`~CalledProcessError.returncode` " +"属性中保存返回码。 如果 :func:`check_call` 无法开始进程则它将传播已被引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1233 +msgid "run(..., check=True)" +msgstr "run(..., check=True)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1266 +msgid "Run command with arguments and return its output." +msgstr "附带参数运行命令并返回其输出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1268 +msgid "" +"If the return code was non-zero it raises a :exc:`CalledProcessError`. The " +":exc:`CalledProcessError` object will have the return code in the " +":attr:`~CalledProcessError.returncode` attribute and any output in the " +":attr:`~CalledProcessError.output` attribute." +msgstr "" +"如果返回码非零则会引发 :exc:`CalledProcessError`。 :exc:`CalledProcessError` 对象将在 " +":attr:`~CalledProcessError.returncode` 属性中保存返回码并在 " +":attr:`~CalledProcessError.output` 属性中保存所有输出。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1273 +msgid "This is equivalent to::" +msgstr "这相当于：" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1275 +msgid "run(..., check=True, stdout=PIPE).stdout" +msgstr "run(..., check=True, stdout=PIPE).stdout" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1277 +msgid "" +"The arguments shown above are merely some common ones. The full function " +"signature is largely the same as that of :func:`run` - most arguments are " +"passed directly through to that interface. One API deviation from " +":func:`run` behavior exists: passing ``input=None`` will behave the same as " +"``input=b''`` (or ``input=''``, depending on other arguments) rather than " +"using the parent's standard input file handle." +msgstr "" +"上面显示的参数只是常见的一些。 完整的函数签名与 :func:`run` 的大致相同 —— 大部分参数会通过该接口直接传递。 存在一个与 " +":func:`run` 行为不同的 API 差异：传递 ``input=None`` 的行为将与 ``input=b''`` (或 " +"``input=''``，具体取决于其他参数) 一样而不是使用父对象的标准输入文件处理。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"By default, this function will return the data as encoded bytes. The actual " +"encoding of the output data may depend on the command being invoked, so the " +"decoding to text will often need to be handled at the application level." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，此函数将把数据返回为已编码的字节串。 输出数据的实际编码格式将取决于唤起的命令，因此解码为文本的操作往往需要在应用程序层级上进行处理。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"This behaviour may be overridden by setting *text*, *encoding*, *errors*, or" +" *universal_newlines* to ``True`` as described in :ref:`frequently-used-" +"arguments` and :func:`run`." +msgstr "" +"此行为可以通过设置 *text*, *encoding*, *errors* 或将 *universal_newlines* 设为 ``True`` " +"来重载，具体描述见 :ref:`frequently-used-arguments` 和 :func:`run`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"To also capture standard error in the result, use " +"``stderr=subprocess.STDOUT``::" +msgstr "要在结果中同时捕获标准错误，请使用 ``stderr=subprocess.STDOUT``::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1295 +msgid "" +">>> subprocess.check_output(\n" +"... \"ls non_existent_file; exit 0\",\n" +"... stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,\n" +"... shell=True)\n" +"'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\\n'" +msgstr "" +">>> subprocess.check_output(\n" +"... \"ls non_existent_file; exit 0\",\n" +"... stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,\n" +"... shell=True)\n" +"'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\\n'" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1306 +msgid "Support for the *input* keyword argument was added." +msgstr "增加了对 *input* 关键字参数的支持。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1309 +msgid "*encoding* and *errors* were added. See :func:`run` for details." +msgstr "增加了 *encoding* 和 *errors*。 详情参见 :func:`run`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1327 +msgid "Replacing Older Functions with the :mod:`subprocess` Module" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`subprocess` 模块替换旧函数" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1329 +msgid "" +"In this section, \"a becomes b\" means that b can be used as a replacement " +"for a." +msgstr "在这一节中，\"a 改为 b\" 意味着 b 可以被用作 a 的替代。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"All \"a\" functions in this section fail (more or less) silently if the " +"executed program cannot be found; the \"b\" replacements raise " +":exc:`OSError` instead." +msgstr "在这一节中的所有 \"a\" 函数会在找不到被执行的程序时（差不多）静默地失败；\"b\" 替代函数则会改为引发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"In addition, the replacements using :func:`check_output` will fail with a " +":exc:`CalledProcessError` if the requested operation produces a non-zero " +"return code. The output is still available as the " +":attr:`~CalledProcessError.output` attribute of the raised exception." +msgstr "" +"此外，在使用 :func:`check_output` 时如果替代函数所请求的操作产生了非零返回值则将失败并引发 " +":exc:`CalledProcessError`。 操作的输出仍能以所引发异常的 :attr:`~CalledProcessError.output`" +" 属性的方式被访问。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1342 +msgid "" +"In the following examples, we assume that the relevant functions have " +"already been imported from the :mod:`subprocess` module." +msgstr "在下列例子中，我们假定相关的函数都已从 :mod:`subprocess` 模块中导入了。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1347 +msgid "Replacing :program:`/bin/sh` shell command substitution" +msgstr "替代 :program:`/bin/sh` shell 命令替换" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1349 +msgid "output=$(mycmd myarg)" +msgstr "output=$(mycmd myarg)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1353 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1364 +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1381 +msgid "becomes::" +msgstr "改为::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1355 +msgid "output = check_output([\"mycmd\", \"myarg\"])" +msgstr "output = check_output([\"mycmd\", \"myarg\"])" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1358 +msgid "Replacing shell pipeline" +msgstr "替代 shell 管道" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1360 ../../library/subprocess.rst:1377 +msgid "output=$(dmesg | grep hda)" +msgstr "output=$(dmesg | grep hda)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"p1 = Popen([\"dmesg\"], stdout=PIPE)\n" +"p2 = Popen([\"grep\", \"hda\"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)\n" +"p1.stdout.close() # Allow p1 to receive a SIGPIPE if p2 exits.\n" +"output = p2.communicate()[0]" +msgstr "" +"p1 = Popen([\"dmesg\"], stdout=PIPE)\n" +"p2 = Popen([\"grep\", \"hda\"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)\n" +"p1.stdout.close() # 允许 p1 在 p2 退出时接收 SIGPIPE。\n" +"output = p2.communicate()[0]" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"The ``p1.stdout.close()`` call after starting the p2 is important in order " +"for p1 to receive a SIGPIPE if p2 exits before p1." +msgstr "" +"启动 p2 之后再执行 ``p1.stdout.close()`` 调用很重要，这是为了让 p1 能在 p2 先于 p1 退出时接收到 SIGPIPE。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1374 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, for trusted input, the shell's own pipeline support may still" +" be used directly:" +msgstr "另外，对于受信任的输入，shell 本身的管道支持仍然可被直接使用:" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1383 +msgid "output = check_output(\"dmesg | grep hda\", shell=True)" +msgstr "output = check_output(\"dmesg | grep hda\", shell=True)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1387 +msgid "Replacing :func:`os.system`" +msgstr "替代 :func:`os.system`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"sts = os.system(\"mycmd\" + \" myarg\")\n" +"# becomes\n" +"retcode = call(\"mycmd\" + \" myarg\", shell=True)" +msgstr "" +"sts = os.system(\"mycmd\" + \" myarg\")\n" +"# 变为\n" +"retcode = call(\"mycmd\" + \" myarg\", shell=True)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1395 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1397 +msgid "Calling the program through the shell is usually not required." +msgstr "通过 shell 来调用程序通常是不必要的。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1398 +msgid "" +"The :func:`call` return value is encoded differently to that of " +":func:`os.system`." +msgstr ":func:`call` 返回值的编码方式与 :func:`os.system` 的不同。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.system` function ignores SIGINT and SIGQUIT signals while the " +"command is running, but the caller must do this separately when using the " +":mod:`subprocess` module." +msgstr "" +":func:`os.system` 函数在命令运行期间会忽略 SIGINT 和 SIGQUIT 信号，但调用方必须在使用 " +":mod:`subprocess` 模块时分别执行此操作。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1405 +msgid "A more realistic example would look like this::" +msgstr "一个更现实的例子如下所示::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1407 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" retcode = call(\"mycmd\" + \" myarg\", shell=True)\n" +" if retcode < 0:\n" +" print(\"Child was terminated by signal\", -retcode, file=sys.stderr)\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"Child returned\", retcode, file=sys.stderr)\n" +"except OSError as e:\n" +" print(\"Execution failed:\", e, file=sys.stderr)" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" retcode = call(\"mycmd\" + \" myarg\", shell=True)\n" +" if retcode < 0:\n" +" print(\"Child was terminated by signal\", -retcode, file=sys.stderr)\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"Child returned\", retcode, file=sys.stderr)\n" +"except OSError as e:\n" +" print(\"Execution failed:\", e, file=sys.stderr)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1418 +msgid "Replacing the :func:`os.spawn ` family" +msgstr "替代 :func:`os.spawn ` 函数族" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1420 +msgid "P_NOWAIT example::" +msgstr "P_NOWAIT 示例::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1422 +msgid "" +"pid = os.spawnlp(os.P_NOWAIT, \"/bin/mycmd\", \"mycmd\", \"myarg\")\n" +"==>\n" +"pid = Popen([\"/bin/mycmd\", \"myarg\"]).pid" +msgstr "" +"pid = os.spawnlp(os.P_NOWAIT, \"/bin/mycmd\", \"mycmd\", \"myarg\")\n" +"==>\n" +"pid = Popen([\"/bin/mycmd\", \"myarg\"]).pid" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1426 +msgid "P_WAIT example::" +msgstr "P_WAIT 示例::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1428 +msgid "" +"retcode = os.spawnlp(os.P_WAIT, \"/bin/mycmd\", \"mycmd\", \"myarg\")\n" +"==>\n" +"retcode = call([\"/bin/mycmd\", \"myarg\"])" +msgstr "" +"retcode = os.spawnlp(os.P_WAIT, \"/bin/mycmd\", \"mycmd\", \"myarg\")\n" +"==>\n" +"retcode = call([\"/bin/mycmd\", \"myarg\"])" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1432 +msgid "Vector example::" +msgstr "Vector 示例::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1434 +msgid "" +"os.spawnvp(os.P_NOWAIT, path, args)\n" +"==>\n" +"Popen([path] + args[1:])" +msgstr "" +"os.spawnvp(os.P_NOWAIT, path, args)\n" +"==>\n" +"Popen([path] + args[1:])" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1438 +msgid "Environment example::" +msgstr "Environment 示例::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1440 +msgid "" +"os.spawnlpe(os.P_NOWAIT, \"/bin/mycmd\", \"mycmd\", \"myarg\", env)\n" +"==>\n" +"Popen([\"/bin/mycmd\", \"myarg\"], env={\"PATH\": \"/usr/bin\"})" +msgstr "" +"os.spawnlpe(os.P_NOWAIT, \"/bin/mycmd\", \"mycmd\", \"myarg\", env)\n" +"==>\n" +"Popen([\"/bin/mycmd\", \"myarg\"], env={\"PATH\": \"/usr/bin\"})" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1447 +msgid "Replacing :func:`os.popen`, :func:`os.popen2`, :func:`os.popen3`" +msgstr "替代 :func:`os.popen`, :func:`os.popen2`, :func:`os.popen3`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout) = os.popen2(cmd, mode, bufsize)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)" +msgstr "" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout) = os.popen2(cmd, mode, bufsize)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1459 +msgid "" +"(child_stdin,\n" +" child_stdout,\n" +" child_stderr) = os.popen3(cmd, mode, bufsize)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdin,\n" +" child_stdout,\n" +" child_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout, p.stderr)" +msgstr "" +"(child_stdin,\n" +" child_stdout,\n" +" child_stderr) = os.popen3(cmd, mode, bufsize)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdin,\n" +" child_stdout,\n" +" child_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout, p.stderr)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1471 +msgid "" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = os.popen4(cmd, mode, bufsize)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)" +msgstr "" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = os.popen4(cmd, mode, bufsize)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1477 +msgid "Return code handling translates as follows::" +msgstr "返回码以如下方式处理转写::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1479 +msgid "" +"pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w')\n" +"...\n" +"rc = pipe.close()\n" +"if rc is not None and rc >> 8:\n" +" print(\"There were some errors\")\n" +"==>\n" +"process = Popen(cmd, stdin=PIPE)\n" +"...\n" +"process.stdin.close()\n" +"if process.wait() != 0:\n" +" print(\"There were some errors\")" +msgstr "" +"pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w')\n" +"...\n" +"rc = pipe.close()\n" +"if rc is not None and rc >> 8:\n" +" print(\"There were some errors\")\n" +"==>\n" +"process = Popen(cmd, stdin=PIPE)\n" +"...\n" +"process.stdin.close()\n" +"if process.wait() != 0:\n" +" print(\"There were some errors\")" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1493 +msgid "Replacing functions from the :mod:`!popen2` module" +msgstr "替换来自 :mod:`!popen2` 模块的函数" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1497 +msgid "" +"If the cmd argument to popen2 functions is a string, the command is executed" +" through /bin/sh. If it is a list, the command is directly executed." +msgstr "如果 popen2 函数的 cmd 参数是一个字符串，命令会通过 /bin/sh 来执行。 如果是一个列表，命令会被直接执行。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2(\"somestring\", bufsize, mode)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(\"somestring\", shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)" +msgstr "" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2(\"somestring\", bufsize, mode)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen(\"somestring\", shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2([\"mycmd\", \"myarg\"], bufsize, mode)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen([\"mycmd\", \"myarg\"], bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)" +msgstr "" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2([\"mycmd\", \"myarg\"], bufsize, mode)\n" +"==>\n" +"p = Popen([\"mycmd\", \"myarg\"], bufsize=bufsize,\n" +" stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)\n" +"(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1516 +msgid "" +":class:`popen2.Popen3` and :class:`popen2.Popen4` basically work as " +":class:`subprocess.Popen`, except that:" +msgstr "" +":class:`popen2.Popen3` 和 :class:`popen2.Popen4` 基本上类似于 " +":class:`subprocess.Popen`，不同之处在于:" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1519 +msgid ":class:`Popen` raises an exception if the execution fails." +msgstr ":class:`Popen` 如果执行失败会引发一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1521 +msgid "The *capturestderr* argument is replaced with the *stderr* argument." +msgstr "*capturestderr* 参数被替换为 *stderr* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1523 +msgid "``stdin=PIPE`` and ``stdout=PIPE`` must be specified." +msgstr "必须指定 ``stdin=PIPE`` 和 ``stdout=PIPE``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1525 +msgid "" +"popen2 closes all file descriptors by default, but you have to specify " +"``close_fds=True`` with :class:`Popen` to guarantee this behavior on all " +"platforms or past Python versions." +msgstr "" +"popen2 默认会关闭所有文件描述符，但对于 :class:`Popen` 你必须指明 ``close_fds=True`` 以才能在所有平台或较旧的" +" Python 版本中确保此行为。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1531 +msgid "Legacy Shell Invocation Functions" +msgstr "旧式的 Shell 发起函数" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1533 +msgid "" +"This module also provides the following legacy functions from the 2.x " +"``commands`` module. These operations implicitly invoke the system shell and" +" none of the guarantees described above regarding security and exception " +"handling consistency are valid for these functions." +msgstr "" +"此模块还提供了以下来自 2.x ``commands`` 模块的旧版函数。 这些操作会隐式地唤起系统 shell " +"并且上文所描述的有关安全与异常处理一致性保证都不适用于这些函数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1540 +msgid "Return ``(exitcode, output)`` of executing *cmd* in a shell." +msgstr "返回在 shell 中执行 *cmd* 产生的 ``(exitcode, output)``。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"Execute the string *cmd* in a shell with :meth:`Popen.check_output` and " +"return a 2-tuple ``(exitcode, output)``. *encoding* and *errors* are used to" +" decode output; see the notes on :ref:`frequently-used-arguments` for more " +"details." +msgstr "" +"在 shell 中使用 :meth:`Popen.check_output` 来执行字符串 *cmd* 并返回一个 2 元组 ``(exitcode, " +"output)``。 将使用 *encoding* 和 *errors* 来对输出进行解码；请参阅 :ref:`frequently-used-" +"arguments` 中的说明来了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"A trailing newline is stripped from the output. The exit code for the " +"command can be interpreted as the return code of subprocess. Example::" +msgstr "末尾的一个换行符会从输出中被去除。 命令的退出码可被解读为子进程的返回码。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1551 +msgid "" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls /bin/ls')\n" +"(0, '/bin/ls')\n" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('cat /bin/junk')\n" +"(1, 'cat: /bin/junk: No such file or directory')\n" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('/bin/junk')\n" +"(127, 'sh: /bin/junk: not found')\n" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('/bin/kill $$')\n" +"(-15, '')" +msgstr "" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls /bin/ls')\n" +"(0, '/bin/ls')\n" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('cat /bin/junk')\n" +"(1, 'cat: /bin/junk: No such file or directory')\n" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('/bin/junk')\n" +"(127, 'sh: /bin/junk: not found')\n" +">>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('/bin/kill $$')\n" +"(-15, '')" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1562 +msgid "Windows support was added." +msgstr "添加了 Windows 支持。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1565 +msgid "" +"The function now returns (exitcode, output) instead of (status, output) as " +"it did in Python 3.3.3 and earlier. exitcode has the same value as " +":attr:`~Popen.returncode`." +msgstr "" +"此函数现在返回 (exitcode, output) 而不是像 Python 3.3.3 及更早的版本那样返回 (status, output)。 " +"exitcode 的值与 :attr:`~Popen.returncode` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1574 +msgid "Return output (stdout and stderr) of executing *cmd* in a shell." +msgstr "返回在 shell 中执行 *cmd* 产生的输出（stdout 和 stderr）。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1576 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`getstatusoutput`, except the exit code is ignored and the return" +" value is a string containing the command's output. Example::" +msgstr "类似于 :func:`getstatusoutput`，但退出码会被忽略并且返回值为包含命令输出的字符串。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1579 +msgid "" +">>> subprocess.getoutput('ls /bin/ls')\n" +"'/bin/ls'" +msgstr "" +">>> subprocess.getoutput('ls /bin/ls')\n" +"'/bin/ls'" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1584 +msgid "Windows support added" +msgstr "添加了 Windows 支持" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1592 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1597 +msgid "Converting an argument sequence to a string on Windows" +msgstr "在 Windows 上将参数列表转换为一个字符串" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1599 +msgid "" +"On Windows, an *args* sequence is converted to a string that can be parsed " +"using the following rules (which correspond to the rules used by the MS C " +"runtime):" +msgstr "在 Windows 上，*args* 序列会被转换为可使用以下规则来解析的字符串（对应于 MS C 运行时所使用的规则）:" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1603 +msgid "" +"Arguments are delimited by white space, which is either a space or a tab." +msgstr "参数以空白符分隔，即空格符或制表符。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1606 +msgid "" +"A string surrounded by double quotation marks is interpreted as a single " +"argument, regardless of white space contained within. A quoted string can " +"be embedded in an argument." +msgstr "用双引号标示的字符串会被解读为单个参数，而不再考虑其中的空白符。 一个参数可以嵌套用引号标示的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1611 +msgid "" +"A double quotation mark preceded by a backslash is interpreted as a literal " +"double quotation mark." +msgstr "带有一个反斜杠前缀的双引号会被解读为双引号字面值。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1614 +msgid "" +"Backslashes are interpreted literally, unless they immediately precede a " +"double quotation mark." +msgstr "反斜杠会按字面值解读，除非它是作为双引号的前缀。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1617 +msgid "" +"If backslashes immediately precede a double quotation mark, every pair of " +"backslashes is interpreted as a literal backslash. If the number of " +"backslashes is odd, the last backslash escapes the next double quotation " +"mark as described in rule 3." +msgstr "" +"如果反斜杠被作为双引号的前缀，则每个反斜杠对会被解读为一个反斜杠字面值。 如果反斜杠数量为奇数，则最后一个反斜杠会如规则 3 " +"所描述的那样转义下一个双引号。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1626 +msgid ":mod:`shlex`" +msgstr ":mod:`shlex`" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1627 +msgid "Module which provides function to parse and escape command lines." +msgstr "此模块提供了用于解析和转义命令行的函数。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1634 +msgid "Disabling use of ``vfork()`` or ``posix_spawn()``" +msgstr "禁用 ``vfork()`` 或 ``posix_spawn()``" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1636 +msgid "" +"On Linux, :mod:`subprocess` defaults to using the ``vfork()`` system call " +"internally when it is safe to do so rather than ``fork()``. This greatly " +"improves performance." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 上，:mod:`subprocess` 默认会在内部使用 ``vfork()`` 系统调用而不是 " +"``fork()``，只要这样做是安全的。 这极大地提升了性能。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1640 +msgid "" +"If you ever encounter a presumed highly unusual situation where you need to " +"prevent ``vfork()`` from being used by Python, you can set the " +":const:`subprocess._USE_VFORK` attribute to a false value." +msgstr "" +"如果你遇到了在预想中非常不正常的需要防止 ``vfork()`` 被 Python 所使用的情况，你可以将 " +":const:`subprocess._USE_VFORK` 属性设为假值。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1646 +msgid "subprocess._USE_VFORK = False # See CPython issue gh-NNNNNN." +msgstr "subprocess._USE_VFORK = False # 参见 CPython 程序问题 gh-NNNNNN。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1648 +msgid "" +"Setting this has no impact on use of ``posix_spawn()`` which could use " +"``vfork()`` internally within its libc implementation. There is a similar " +":const:`subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` attribute if you need to prevent use of" +" that." +msgstr "" +"设置该值对于 ``posix_spawn()`` 的使用没有影响，它可以在内部使用在其 libc 实现中的 ``vfork()``。 " +"如果你需要防止其被使用则可利用类似的 :const:`subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1655 +msgid "subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN = False # See CPython issue gh-NNNNNN." +msgstr "subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN = False # 参见 CPython 程序问题 gh-NNNNNN。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1657 +msgid "" +"It is safe to set these to false on any Python version. They will have no " +"effect on older versions when unsupported. Do not assume the attributes are " +"available to read. Despite their names, a true value does not indicate that " +"the corresponding function will be used, only that it may be." +msgstr "" +"在任何 Python 版本上将这些属性设为假值都是安全的。 它们在不受支持的旧版本上将没有任何效果。 请不要假定这些属性都是可读的。 " +"尽管它们被如此命名，但将其设为真值并不表示对应的函数将被使用，只表示有这样的可能性。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1662 +msgid "" +"Please file issues any time you have to use these private knobs with a way " +"to reproduce the issue you were seeing. Link to that issue from a comment in" +" your code." +msgstr "当你不得不使用这些私有属性并遇到问题时请随时提交问题并附带你所看到的问题的重现方式。 请从你代码中的某条注释链接到该问题。" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1666 +msgid "``_USE_POSIX_SPAWN``" +msgstr "``_USE_POSIX_SPAWN``" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:1667 +msgid "``_USE_VFORK``" +msgstr "``_USE_VFORK``" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:296 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../library/subprocess.rst:296 +msgid "subprocess module" +msgstr "subprocess 模块" diff --git a/library/sunau.po b/library/sunau.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bafdcdcb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sunau.po @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# sunsol s , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`sunau` --- Read and write Sun AU files" +msgstr ":mod:`sunau` --- 读写 Sun AU 文件" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/sunau.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/sunau.py`" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sunau` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 <594#sunau>` for " +"details)." +msgstr ":mod:`sunau` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#sunau>` 了解详情）。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sunau` module provides a convenient interface to the Sun AU sound " +"format. Note that this module is interface-compatible with the modules " +":mod:`aifc` and :mod:`wave`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`sunau` 模拟提供了一个处理 Sun AU 声音格式的便利接口。请注意此模块与 :mod:`aifc` 和 :mod:`wave` " +"是兼容接口的。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:22 +msgid "" +"An audio file consists of a header followed by the data. The fields of the " +"header are:" +msgstr "音频文件由标头和数据组成。标头的字段为：" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:26 +msgid "Field" +msgstr "域" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:26 +msgid "Contents" +msgstr "目录" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:28 +msgid "magic word" +msgstr "magic word" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:28 +msgid "The four bytes ``.snd``." +msgstr "四个字节 ``.snd``" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:30 +msgid "header size" +msgstr "header size" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:30 +msgid "Size of the header, including info, in bytes." +msgstr "标头的大小，包括信息，以字节为单位。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:32 +msgid "data size" +msgstr "data size" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:32 +msgid "Physical size of the data, in bytes." +msgstr "数据的物理大小，以字节为单位。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:34 +msgid "encoding" +msgstr "encoding" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:34 +msgid "Indicates how the audio samples are encoded." +msgstr "指示音频样本的编码方式。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:36 +msgid "sample rate" +msgstr "sample rate" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:36 +msgid "The sampling rate." +msgstr "采样率" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:38 +msgid "# of channels" +msgstr "# of channels" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:38 +msgid "The number of channels in the samples." +msgstr "采样中的通道数。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:40 +msgid "info" +msgstr "info" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:40 +msgid "" +"ASCII string giving a description of the audio file (padded with null " +"bytes)." +msgstr "提供音频文件描述的ASCII字符串（用空字节填充）。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Apart from the info field, all header fields are 4 bytes in size. They are " +"all 32-bit unsigned integers encoded in big-endian byte order." +msgstr "除了 info 字段，所有标头字段的大小都是 4 字节。 它们都是采用大端字节序编码的 32 位无符号整数。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:47 +msgid "The :mod:`sunau` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`sunau` 模块定义了以下函数:" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:52 +msgid "" +"If *file* is a string, open the file by that name, otherwise treat it as a " +"seekable file-like object. *mode* can be any of" +msgstr "如果 *file* 是一个字符串，打开相应名称的文件，否则就把它作为可定位的文件型对象来处理。 *mode* 可以是" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:55 +msgid "``'r'``" +msgstr "``'r'``" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:56 +msgid "Read only mode." +msgstr "只读模式。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:58 +msgid "``'w'``" +msgstr "``'w'``" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:59 +msgid "Write only mode." +msgstr "只写模式。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:61 +msgid "Note that it does not allow read/write files." +msgstr "注意它不支持同时读/写文件。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:63 +msgid "" +"A *mode* of ``'r'`` returns an :class:`AU_read` object, while a *mode* of " +"``'w'`` or ``'wb'`` returns an :class:`AU_write` object." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 为 ``'r'`` 时返回一个 :class:`AU_read` 对象，而 *mode* 为 ``'w'`` 或 ``'wb'`` " +"时返回一个 :class:`AU_write` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:67 +msgid "The :mod:`sunau` module defines the following exception:" +msgstr ":mod:`sunau` 模块定义了以下异常:" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:71 +msgid "" +"An error raised when something is impossible because of Sun AU specs or " +"implementation deficiency." +msgstr "当 Sun AU 规范或实现的低效导致无法操作时引发的错误。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:75 +msgid "The :mod:`sunau` module defines the following data items:" +msgstr ":mod:`sunau` 模块定义了以下数据条目:" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:79 +msgid "" +"An integer every valid Sun AU file begins with, stored in big-endian form. " +"This is the string ``.snd`` interpreted as an integer." +msgstr "位于每个有效的 Sun AU 文件开头的整数，以大端序形式存储。 这是一个被当作整数来解读的字符串 ``.snd``。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Values of the encoding field from the AU header which are supported by this " +"module." +msgstr "AU 标头中被此模块所支持的 encoding 字段值。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Additional known values of the encoding field from the AU header, but which " +"are not supported by this module." +msgstr "AU 标头中附加的已知但不被此模块所支持的 encoding 字段值。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:108 +msgid "AU_read Objects" +msgstr "AU_read 对象" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:110 +msgid "" +"AU_read objects, as returned by :func:`.open` above, have the following " +"methods:" +msgstr "由上面的 :func:`.open` 所返回的 AU_read 对象具有以下几种方法:" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Close the stream, and make the instance unusable. (This is called " +"automatically on deletion.)" +msgstr "关闭流，并使实例不可用。 （此方法会在删除对象时自动调用。）" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:121 +msgid "Returns number of audio channels (1 for mono, 2 for stereo)." +msgstr "返回音频的通道数（单声道为 1，立体声为 2）。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:126 +msgid "Returns sample width in bytes." +msgstr "返回采样字节长度。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:131 +msgid "Returns sampling frequency." +msgstr "返回采样频率。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:136 +msgid "Returns number of audio frames." +msgstr "返回音频总帧数。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Returns compression type. Supported compression types are ``'ULAW'``, " +"``'ALAW'`` and ``'NONE'``." +msgstr "返回压缩类型。 受支持的压缩类型有 ``'ULAW'``, ``'ALAW'`` 和 ``'NONE'``。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Human-readable version of :meth:`getcomptype`. The supported types have the" +" respective names ``'CCITT G.711 u-law'``, ``'CCITT G.711 A-law'`` and " +"``'not compressed'``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`getcomptype` 的人类可读的版本。 受支持的类型将为相应的名称 ``'CCITT G.711 u-law'``, " +"``'CCITT G.711 A-law'`` 和 ``'not compressed'``。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Returns a :func:`~collections.namedtuple` ``(nchannels, sampwidth, " +"framerate, nframes, comptype, compname)``, equivalent to output of the " +":meth:`get\\*` methods." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :func:`~collections.namedtuple` ``(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, " +"nframes, comptype, compname)``，与 :meth:`get\\*` 方法的输出相同。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Reads and returns at most *n* frames of audio, as a :class:`bytes` object. " +"The data will be returned in linear format. If the original data is in " +"u-LAW format, it will be converted." +msgstr "" +"读取至多 *n* 帧音频并作为 :class:`bytes` 对象返回。 数据将以线性格式返回。 如果原始数据为 u-LAW 格式，则它将被转换。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:168 +msgid "Rewind the file pointer to the beginning of the audio stream." +msgstr "重置文件指针至音频开头." + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:170 +msgid "" +"The following two methods define a term \"position\" which is compatible " +"between them, and is otherwise implementation dependent." +msgstr "以下两个方法都使用指针，具体实现由其底层决定。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Set the file pointer to the specified position. Only values returned from " +":meth:`tell` should be used for *pos*." +msgstr "设置文件指针到特定位置。 只有从 :meth:`tell` 返回的值才可被用作 *pos*。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Return current file pointer position. Note that the returned value has " +"nothing to do with the actual position in the file." +msgstr "返回当前文件指针的位置。 请注意该返回值与文件中的实例位置无关。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:185 +msgid "" +"The following two functions are defined for compatibility with the " +":mod:`aifc`, and don't do anything interesting." +msgstr "以下两个函数是为了与 :mod:`aifc` 保持兼容而定义的，实际不做任何事情。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:191 +msgid "Returns ``None``." +msgstr "返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:196 +msgid "Raise an error." +msgstr "引发错误异常。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:202 +msgid "AU_write Objects" +msgstr "AU_write 对象" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:204 +msgid "" +"AU_write objects, as returned by :func:`.open` above, have the following " +"methods:" +msgstr "由上面的 :func:`.open` 所返回的 AU_write 对象具有以下几种方法:" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:209 +msgid "Set the number of channels." +msgstr "设置声道数。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:214 +msgid "Set the sample width (in bytes.)" +msgstr "设置采样宽度（字节长度。）" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:216 +msgid "Added support for 24-bit samples." +msgstr "增加了对 24 位采样的支持。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:222 +msgid "Set the frame rate." +msgstr "设置帧速率。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Set the number of frames. This can be later changed, when and if more " +"frames are written." +msgstr "设置总帧数。 如果写入了更多的帧，此值将会被更改。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Set the compression type and description. Only ``'NONE'`` and ``'ULAW'`` are" +" supported on output." +msgstr "设置压缩类型和描述。 对于输出只支持 ``'NONE'`` 和 ``'ULAW'``。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:239 +msgid "" +"The *tuple* should be ``(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype," +" compname)``, with values valid for the :meth:`set\\*` methods. Set all " +"parameters." +msgstr "" +"*tuple* 应该是 ``(nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, " +"compname)``，每项的值可用于 :meth:`set\\*` 方法。 设置所有形参。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:246 +msgid "" +"Return current position in the file, with the same disclaimer for the " +":meth:`AU_read.tell` and :meth:`AU_read.setpos` methods." +msgstr "返回文件中的当前位置，其含义与 :meth:`AU_read.tell` 和 :meth:`AU_read.setpos` 方法的一致。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:252 +msgid "Write audio frames, without correcting *nframes*." +msgstr "写入音频数据但不更新 *nframes*。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:254 ../../library/sunau.rst:262 +msgid "Any :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted." +msgstr "现在可接受任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:260 +msgid "Write audio frames and make sure *nframes* is correct." +msgstr "写入音频数据并更新 *nframes*。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:268 +msgid "Make sure *nframes* is correct, and close the file." +msgstr "确保 *nframes* 正确，并关闭文件。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:270 +msgid "This method is called upon deletion." +msgstr "此方法会在删除时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/sunau.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Note that it is invalid to set any parameters after calling " +":meth:`writeframes` or :meth:`writeframesraw`." +msgstr "请注意在调用 :meth:`writeframes` 和 :meth:`writeframesraw` 之后再设置任何形参都是无效的。" diff --git a/library/superseded.po b/library/superseded.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6ec0eb68 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/superseded.po @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-27 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/superseded.rst:5 +msgid "Superseded Modules" +msgstr "被取代的模块" + +#: ../../library/superseded.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter have been superseded by other modules " +"for most use cases, and are retained primarily to preserve backwards " +"compatibility." +msgstr "本章介绍的模块在大部分场合下都已被其他模块所取代，它们被保留主要是为了能够向下兼容。" + +#: ../../library/superseded.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Modules may appear in this chapter because they only cover a limited subset " +"of a problem space, and a more generally applicable solution is available " +"elsewhere in the standard library (for example, :mod:`getopt` covers the " +"very specific task of \"mimic the C :c:func:`!getopt` API in Python\", " +"rather than the broader command line option parsing and argument parsing " +"capabilities offered by :mod:`optparse` and :mod:`argparse`)." +msgstr "" +"某些模块出现在本章中可能是因为它们只覆盖了某个问题空间的有限子集，而更为普遍应用的解决方案存在于标准库的其他地方 (例如，:mod:`getopt` " +"覆盖了非常特定的 \"在 Python 中模拟 C :c:func:`!getopt` API\" 任务，而不是如 :mod:`optparse` 和 " +":mod:`argparse` 所提供的更为宽泛的命令行选项解析和参数解析功能)。" + +#: ../../library/superseded.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, modules may appear in this chapter because they are " +"deprecated outright, and awaiting removal in a future release, or they are " +":term:`soft deprecated` and their use is actively discouraged in new " +"projects. With the removal of various obsolete modules through :pep:`594`, " +"there are currently no modules in this latter category." +msgstr "" +"另外，某些模块出现在本章中也可能是因为它们已被弃用，并将在未来的发布版中被移除，或者它们已被 :term:`soft deprecated` " +"并且不再鼓励在新项目中使用。 随着多个过时模块根据 :pep:`594` 被移除，目前已不存在属于此类情况的模块。" diff --git a/library/symbol.po b/library/symbol.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10a94ddba --- /dev/null +++ b/library/symbol.po @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Meng Du , 2019 +# Freesand Leo , 2020 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.9\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-01 05:02+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-02-16 23:28+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2020\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/symbol.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`symbol` --- Constants used with Python parse trees" +msgstr ":mod:`symbol` --- 与 Python 解析树一起使用的常量" + +#: ../../library/symbol.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/symbol.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/symbol.py`" + +#: ../../library/symbol.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This module provides constants which represent the numeric values of " +"internal nodes of the parse tree. Unlike most Python constants, these use " +"lower-case names. Refer to the file :file:`Grammar/Grammar` in the Python " +"distribution for the definitions of the names in the context of the language" +" grammar. The specific numeric values which the names map to may change " +"between Python versions." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供用于表示解析树内部节点数值的常量。 与大多数 Python 不同，这些常量使用小写字符名称。 请参阅 Python 发行版中的 " +":file:`Grammar/Grammar` 文件来获取该语言语法上下文中对这些名称的定义。 这些名称所映射的特定数字值可能会在 Python " +"版本之间更改。" + +#: ../../library/symbol.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The symbol module is deprecated and will be removed in future versions of " +"Python." +msgstr "symbol 模块已弃用并将在未来的 Python 版本中被移除。" + +#: ../../library/symbol.rst:25 +msgid "This module also provides one additional data object:" +msgstr "此模块还提供了一个额外的数据对象:" + +#: ../../library/symbol.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Dictionary mapping the numeric values of the constants defined in this " +"module back to name strings, allowing more human-readable representation of " +"parse trees to be generated." +msgstr "将此模块中定义的常量的数值映射回名称字符串的字典，允许生成更加人类可读的解析树表示。" diff --git a/library/symtable.po b/library/symtable.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63dd1709d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/symtable.po @@ -0,0 +1,371 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!symtable` --- Access to the compiler's symbol tables" +msgstr ":mod:`!symtable` --- 访问编译器的符号表" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/symtable.py`" +msgstr "**Source code：** :source:`Lib/symtable.py`" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Symbol tables are generated by the compiler from AST just before bytecode is" +" generated. The symbol table is responsible for calculating the scope of " +"every identifier in the code. :mod:`symtable` provides an interface to " +"examine these tables." +msgstr "" +"符号表由编译器在生成字节码之前根据 AST 生成。符号表负责计算代码中每个标识符的作用域。 :mod:`symtable` 提供了一个查看这些表的接口。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:22 +msgid "Generating Symbol Tables" +msgstr "符号表的生成" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Return the toplevel :class:`SymbolTable` for the Python source *code*. " +"*filename* is the name of the file containing the code. *compile_type* is " +"like the *mode* argument to :func:`compile`." +msgstr "" +"返回 Python 源 *代码* 顶层的 :class:`SymbolTable`。*filename* 是代码文件名。 *compile_type* " +"的含义类似 :func:`compile` 的 *mode* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:32 +msgid "Examining Symbol Tables" +msgstr "符号表的查看" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:36 +msgid "An enumeration indicating the type of a :class:`SymbolTable` object." +msgstr "一个指明 :class:`SymbolTable` 对象的类型的枚举。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:41 +msgid "Used for the symbol table of a module." +msgstr "用于模块的符号表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:46 +msgid "Used for the symbol table of a function." +msgstr "用于函数的符号表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:51 +msgid "Used for the symbol table of a class." +msgstr "用于类的符号表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The following members refer to different flavors of :ref:`annotation scopes " +"`." +msgstr "以下成员指向不同风格的 :ref:`标注作用域 `。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Used for annotations if ``from __future__ import annotations`` is active." +msgstr "当 ``from __future__ import annotations`` 被激活时用于标注。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:64 +msgid "Used for the symbol table of :keyword:`type` constructions." +msgstr "用于 :keyword:`type` 构造的符号表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Used for the symbol table of :ref:`generic functions ` or" +" :ref:`generic classes `." +msgstr "" +"用于 :ref:`泛型函数 ` 或 :ref:`泛型类 ` 的符号表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Used for the symbol table of the bound, the constraint tuple or the default " +"value of a single type variable in the formal sense, i.e., a TypeVar, a " +"TypeVarTuple or a ParamSpec object (the latter two do not support a bound or" +" a constraint tuple)." +msgstr "" +"用于正式意义下的绑定、约束元组或单个类型变量的默认值的符号变量的符号表，即 TypeVar, TypeVarTuple 或 ParamSpec " +"对象（后两者不支持绑定或约束元组）。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:84 +msgid "A namespace table for a block. The constructor is not public." +msgstr "某个代码块的命名空间表。构造函数不公开。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Return the type of the symbol table. Possible values are members of the " +":class:`SymbolTableType` enumeration." +msgstr "返回符号表的类型。 可能的值为 :class:`SymbolTableType` 枚举的成员。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Added ``'annotation'``, ``'TypeVar bound'``, ``'type alias'``, and ``'type " +"parameter'`` as possible return values." +msgstr "" +"增加 ``'annotation'``, ``'TypeVar bound'``, ``'type alias'`` 和 ``'type " +"parameter'`` 作为可能的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:95 +msgid "Return values are members of the :class:`SymbolTableType` enumeration." +msgstr "返回值为 :class:`SymbolTableType` 枚举的成员。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:98 +msgid "" +"The exact values of the returned string may change in the future, and thus, " +"it is recommended to use :class:`SymbolTableType` members instead of hard-" +"coded strings." +msgstr "返回字符串的实际值可能在未来发生变化，因此，建议使用 :class:`SymbolTableType` 成员而不是硬编码的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:104 +msgid "Return the table's identifier." +msgstr "返回符号表的标识符" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Return the table's name. This is the name of the class if the table is for " +"a class, the name of the function if the table is for a function, or " +"``'top'`` if the table is global (:meth:`get_type` returns ``'module'``). " +"For type parameter scopes (which are used for generic classes, functions, " +"and type aliases), it is the name of the underlying class, function, or type" +" alias. For type alias scopes, it is the name of the type alias. For " +":class:`~typing.TypeVar` bound scopes, it is the name of the ``TypeVar``." +msgstr "" +"返回表名称。 如果表是针对类的则为类名；如果是针对函数的则为函数名；或者如果表是全局的 (:meth:`get_type` 返回 " +"``'module'``) 则为 ``'top'``。 对于类型形参作用域 (用于泛型类、函数和类型别名)，它将为底层类、函数或类型别名的名称。 " +"对于类型别名作用域，它将为类型别名的名称。 对于 :class:`~typing.TypeVar` 绑定作用域，它将为 ``TypeVar`` 的名称。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Return the number of the first line in the block this table represents." +msgstr "返回符号表所代表代码块的第一行编号。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:122 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the locals in this table can be optimized." +msgstr "如果符号表中的局部变量可能被优化过，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:126 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the block is a nested class or function." +msgstr "如果代码块是嵌套类或函数，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the block has nested namespaces within it. These can be " +"obtained with :meth:`get_children`." +msgstr "如果代码块中有嵌套的命名空间，则返回 ``True``。可通过 :meth:`get_children` 读取。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Return a view object containing the names of symbols in the table. See the " +":ref:`documentation of view objects `." +msgstr "返回一个包含表中符号名称的视图对象。 参见 :ref:`视图对象文档 `。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:140 +msgid "Lookup *name* in the table and return a :class:`Symbol` instance." +msgstr "在符号表中查找 *name* 并返回一个 :class:`Symbol` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:144 +msgid "Return a list of :class:`Symbol` instances for names in the table." +msgstr "返回符号表中所有符号的 :class:`Symbol` 实例的列表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:148 +msgid "Return a list of the nested symbol tables." +msgstr "返回嵌套符号表的列表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:153 +msgid "" +"A namespace for a function or method. This class inherits from " +":class:`SymbolTable`." +msgstr "函数或方法的命名空间。 该类继承自 :class:`SymbolTable`。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:158 +msgid "Return a tuple containing names of parameters to this function." +msgstr "返回由函数的参数名组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:162 +msgid "Return a tuple containing names of locals in this function." +msgstr "返回函数中局部变量名组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:166 +msgid "Return a tuple containing names of globals in this function." +msgstr "返回函数中全局变量名组成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple containing names of explicitly declared nonlocals in this " +"function." +msgstr "返回一个包含在此函数中显式声明的非局部变量名称的元组。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple containing names of :term:`free (closure) variables ` in this function." +msgstr "返回一个包含在此函数中的 :term:`自由（闭包）变量 ` 名称的元组。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:180 +msgid "" +"A namespace of a class. This class inherits from :class:`SymbolTable`." +msgstr "类的命名空间。 该类继承自 :class:`SymbolTable`。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple containing the names of method-like functions declared in the" +" class." +msgstr "返回一个包含类中声明的方法型函数的名称的元组。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Here, the term 'method' designates *any* function defined in the class body " +"via :keyword:`def` or :keyword:`async def`." +msgstr "" +"在这里，术语 '方法' 是指 *任何* 在 class 语句体中通过 :keyword:`def` 或 :keyword:`async def` " +"定义的函数。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Functions defined in a deeper scope (e.g., in an inner class) are not picked" +" up by :meth:`get_methods`." +msgstr "在更深的作用域（例如内部类）中定义的函数不会被 :meth:`get_methods` 所获取。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:193 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Although ``A().f()`` raises :exc:`TypeError` at runtime, ``A.f`` is still " +"considered as a method-like function." +msgstr "虽然 ``A().f()`` 在运行时会引发 :exc:`TypeError`，但 ``A.f`` 仍然被视为是方法型函数。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:220 +msgid "" +"An entry in a :class:`SymbolTable` corresponding to an identifier in the " +"source. The constructor is not public." +msgstr ":class:`SymbolTable` 中的数据项，对应于源码中的某个标识符。构造函数不公开。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:225 +msgid "Return the symbol's name." +msgstr "返回符号名" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:229 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is used in its block." +msgstr "如果符号在代码块中被引用了，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:233 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is created from an import statement." +msgstr "如果符号是由导入语句创建的，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:237 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is a parameter." +msgstr "如果符号是参数，返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:241 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is global." +msgstr "如果符号是全局变量，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:245 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is nonlocal." +msgstr "如果符号为非局部变量，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the symbol is declared global with a global statement." +msgstr "如果符号用 global 声明为全局变量，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:253 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is local to its block." +msgstr "如果符号是代码块内的局部变量，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:257 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is annotated." +msgstr "如果符号带有注解，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the symbol is referenced in its block, but not assigned " +"to." +msgstr "如果符号在代码块中被引用，但未赋值，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:268 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the symbol is assigned to in its block." +msgstr "如果符号在代码块中赋值，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:272 +msgid "Return ``True`` if name binding introduces new namespace." +msgstr "如果符号名绑定引入了新的命名空间，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:274 +msgid "" +"If the name is used as the target of a function or class statement, this " +"will be true." +msgstr "如果符号名用于函数或类定义语句，则为 True。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:277 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:279 +msgid "" +">>> table = symtable.symtable(\"def some_func(): pass\", \"string\", \"exec\")\n" +">>> table.lookup(\"some_func\").is_namespace()\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> table = symtable.symtable(\"def some_func(): pass\", \"string\", \"exec\")\n" +">>> table.lookup(\"some_func\").is_namespace()\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Note that a single name can be bound to multiple objects. If the result is " +"``True``, the name may also be bound to other objects, like an int or list, " +"that does not introduce a new namespace." +msgstr "" +"注意，一个符号名可以与多个对象绑定。如果结果为 ``True``，则该符号名还可以绑定到其他对象上，比如 int 或 list " +"，且不会引入新的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:289 +msgid "Return a list of namespaces bound to this name." +msgstr "返回与符号名绑定的命名空间的列表。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:293 +msgid "" +"Return the namespace bound to this name. If more than one or no namespace is" +" bound to this name, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "返回绑定到这个名称的命名空间。 如果有多个命名空间或没有命名空间被绑定到这个名称，则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:300 +msgid "Command-Line Usage" +msgstr "命令行用法" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:304 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`symtable` module can be executed as a script from the command " +"line." +msgstr ":mod:`symtable` 模块可以在命令行下作为脚本来执行。" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:306 +msgid "python -m symtable [infile...]" +msgstr "python -m symtable [infile...]" + +#: ../../library/symtable.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Symbol tables are generated for the specified Python source files and dumped" +" to stdout. If no input file is specified, the content is read from stdin." +msgstr "符号表将针对指定的 Python 文件生成并转储至 stdout。 如果未指定输入文件，将从 stdin 读取内容。" diff --git a/library/sys.monitoring.po b/library/sys.monitoring.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..702f4016d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sys.monitoring.po @@ -0,0 +1,648 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Fw[a]rd , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-09-08 14:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!sys.monitoring` --- Execution event monitoring" +msgstr ":mod:`!sys.monitoring` --- 执行事件监测" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:13 +msgid "" +":mod:`sys.monitoring` is a namespace within the :mod:`sys` module, not an " +"independent module, so there is no need to ``import sys.monitoring``, simply" +" ``import sys`` and then use ``sys.monitoring``." +msgstr "" +":mod:`sys.monitoring` 是 :mod:`sys` 模块内部的一个命名空间，而不是一个独立模块，因此不需要 ``import " +"sys.monitoring``，只要简单地 ``import sys`` 然后使用 ``sys.monitoring``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:19 +msgid "" +"This namespace provides access to the functions and constants necessary to " +"activate and control event monitoring." +msgstr "这个命名空间提供了对于激活和控制事件监控所需的函数和常量的访问。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:22 +msgid "" +"As programs execute, events occur that might be of interest to tools that " +"monitor execution. The :mod:`sys.monitoring` namespace provides means to " +"receive callbacks when events of interest occur." +msgstr "" +"在程序执行过程中，会发生对于监控执行的工具来说值得关注的事件。 :mod:`sys.monitoring` " +"命名空间提供了在相应事件发生时接收回调的操作方式。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:26 +msgid "The monitoring API consists of three components:" +msgstr "monitoring API由三个部分组成：" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:28 +msgid "`Tool identifiers`_" +msgstr "`Tool identifiers`_" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:29 +msgid "`Events`_" +msgstr "`Events`_" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:30 +msgid ":ref:`Callbacks `" +msgstr ":ref:`回调 `" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:33 +msgid "Tool identifiers" +msgstr "工具标识符" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:35 +msgid "" +"A tool identifier is an integer and the associated name. Tool identifiers " +"are used to discourage tools from interfering with each other and to allow " +"multiple tools to operate at the same time. Currently tools are completely " +"independent and cannot be used to monitor each other. This restriction may " +"be lifted in the future." +msgstr "" +"工具标识符是一个整数及其所关联的名称。 工具标识符被用来防止工具之间的相互干扰并允许同时操作多个工作。 目前工具是完全独立的且不能被用于相互监控。 " +"这一限制在将来可能会被取消。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Before registering or activating events, a tool should choose an identifier." +" Identifiers are integers in the range 0 to 5 inclusive." +msgstr "在注册或激活事件之前，工具应选择一个标识符。 标识符是 0 到 5 的开区间内的整数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:45 +msgid "Registering and using tools" +msgstr "注册和使用工具" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Must be called before *tool_id* can be used. *tool_id* must be in the range " +"0 to 5 inclusive. Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if *tool_id* is in use." +msgstr "" +"必须在 *tool_id* 可被使用之前调用。 *tool_id* 必须在 0 到 5 的开区间内。 如果 *tool_id* 已被使用则会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:55 +msgid "Should be called once a tool no longer requires *tool_id*." +msgstr "应当在一个工具不再需要 *tool_id* 时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:59 +msgid "" +":func:`free_tool_id` will not disable global or local events associated with" +" *tool_id*, nor will it unregister any callback functions. This function is " +"only intended to be used to notify the VM that the particular *tool_id* is " +"no longer in use." +msgstr "" +":func:`free_tool_id` 将不会禁用关联到 *tool_id* 的全局或局部事件，也不会注销任何回调函数。 " +"此函数仅被设计用来通知虚拟机特定的 *tool_id* 已不再被使用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Returns the name of the tool if *tool_id* is in use, otherwise it returns " +"``None``. *tool_id* must be in the range 0 to 5 inclusive." +msgstr "如果 *tool_id* 已被使用则返回工具名称，否则返回 ``None``。 *tool_id* 取值必须在 0 至 5 的开区间内。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:70 +msgid "" +"All IDs are treated the same by the VM with regard to events, but the " +"following IDs are pre-defined to make co-operation of tools easier::" +msgstr "虚拟机在处理事件时对所有 ID 都一视同仁，但为便于工具之间的协作而预定义了下列 ID::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:73 +msgid "" +"sys.monitoring.DEBUGGER_ID = 0\n" +"sys.monitoring.COVERAGE_ID = 1\n" +"sys.monitoring.PROFILER_ID = 2\n" +"sys.monitoring.OPTIMIZER_ID = 5" +msgstr "" +"sys.monitoring.DEBUGGER_ID = 0\n" +"sys.monitoring.COVERAGE_ID = 1\n" +"sys.monitoring.PROFILER_ID = 2\n" +"sys.monitoring.OPTIMIZER_ID = 5" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:80 +msgid "Events" +msgstr "事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:82 +msgid "The following events are supported:" +msgstr "以下事件是受支持的：" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:86 +msgid "A conditional branch is taken (or not)." +msgstr "条件分支被采用（或不采用）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:90 +msgid "A call in Python code (event occurs before the call)." +msgstr "Python 代码中的调用（事件发生在调用之前）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:94 +msgid "" +"An exception raised from any callable, except for Python functions (event " +"occurs after the exit)." +msgstr "从任意可调用对象引发的异常。 Python 函数除外（事件发生在退出之后）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Return from any callable, except for Python functions (event occurs after " +"the return)." +msgstr "从任意可调用对象返回，Python 函数除外（事件在返回之后发生）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:102 +msgid "An exception is handled." +msgstr "一个异常被处理。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:106 +msgid "A VM instruction is about to be executed." +msgstr "一个 VM 指令即将被执行。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:110 +msgid "An unconditional jump in the control flow graph is made." +msgstr "在控制流图中进行一次无条件的跳转。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:114 +msgid "" +"An instruction is about to be executed that has a different line number from" +" the preceding instruction." +msgstr "一条与之前指令行号不同的指令即将被执行。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Resumption of a Python function (for generator and coroutine functions), " +"except for ``throw()`` calls." +msgstr "恢复执行一个 Python 函数（用于生成器和协程函数），``throw()`` 调用除外。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Return from a Python function (occurs immediately before the return, the " +"callee's frame will be on the stack)." +msgstr "从一个 Python 函数返回（在返回之前立即发生，被调用方的帧将在栈中）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Start of a Python function (occurs immediately after the call, the callee's " +"frame will be on the stack)" +msgstr "开始一个 Python 函数（在调用之后立即发生，被调用方的帧将在栈中）" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:130 +msgid "A Python function is resumed by a ``throw()`` call." +msgstr "一个 Python 函数由 ``throw()`` 调用恢复执行。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:134 +msgid "Exit from a Python function during exception unwinding." +msgstr "在异常解除期间从一个 Python函数退出。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Yield from a Python function (occurs immediately before the yield, the " +"callee's frame will be on the stack)." +msgstr "从一个 Python 函数产出数据（在产出之前立即发生，被调用方的帧将在栈中）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:142 +msgid "" +"An exception is raised, except those that cause a :monitoring-" +"event:`STOP_ITERATION` event." +msgstr "一个异常被引发，导致 :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` 事件的异常除外。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:146 +msgid "" +"An exception is re-raised, for example at the end of a :keyword:`finally` " +"block." +msgstr "一个异常被重新引发，例如在 :keyword:`finally` 代码块结束的时候。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:150 +msgid "" +"An artificial :exc:`StopIteration` is raised; see `the STOP_ITERATION " +"event`_." +msgstr "一个 :exc:`StopIteration` 被人工引发；参见 `the STOP_ITERATION event`_。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:153 +msgid "More events may be added in the future." +msgstr "将来可能会添加更多事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:155 +msgid "" +"These events are attributes of the :mod:`!sys.monitoring.events` namespace. " +"Each event is represented as a power-of-2 integer constant. To define a set " +"of events, simply bitwise OR the individual events together. For example, to" +" specify both :monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN` and :monitoring-event:`PY_START`" +" events, use the expression ``PY_RETURN | PY_START``." +msgstr "" +"这些事件都是 :mod:`!sys.monitoring.events` 命名空间的属性。 每个事件用整数常量的 2 次幂来表示。 " +"要定义一组事件，只需对多个单独事件执行按位或运算即可。 例如，要同时指定 :monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN` 和 " +":monitoring-event:`PY_START` 事件，则使用表达式 ``PY_RETURN | PY_START``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:163 +msgid "An alias for ``0`` so users can do explicit comparisons like::" +msgstr "代表 ``0`` 的别名以便用户可以这样执行显式比较::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:165 +msgid "" +"if get_events(DEBUGGER_ID) == NO_EVENTS:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"if get_events(DEBUGGER_ID) == NO_EVENTS:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:168 +msgid "Events are divided into three groups:" +msgstr "事件被分为三组：" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:173 +msgid "Local events" +msgstr "本地事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Local events are associated with normal execution of the program and happen " +"at clearly defined locations. All local events can be disabled. The local " +"events are:" +msgstr "本地事件与程序的正常执行相关联并且发生在明确定义的位置上。 所有本地事件都可以被禁用。 本地事件包括：" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:179 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_START`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_START`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:180 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_RESUME`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_RESUME`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:181 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:182 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_YIELD`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_YIELD`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:183 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`CALL`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`CALL`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:184 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`LINE`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`LINE`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:185 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`INSTRUCTION`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`INSTRUCTION`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:186 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`JUMP`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`JUMP`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:187 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`BRANCH`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`BRANCH`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:188 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:191 +msgid "Ancillary events" +msgstr "辅助事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Ancillary events can be monitored like other events, but are controlled by " +"another event:" +msgstr "辅助事件可以像其他事件一样被监视，但是由另一个事件来控制：" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:196 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`C_RAISE`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`C_RAISE`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:197 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`C_RETURN`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`C_RETURN`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:199 +msgid "" +"The :monitoring-event:`C_RETURN` and :monitoring-event:`C_RAISE` events are " +"controlled by the :monitoring-event:`CALL` event. :monitoring-" +"event:`C_RETURN` and :monitoring-event:`C_RAISE` events will only be seen if" +" the corresponding :monitoring-event:`CALL` event is being monitored." +msgstr "" +":monitoring-event:`C_RETURN` 和 :monitoring-event:`C_RAISE` 事件是由 :monitoring-" +"event:`CALL` 事件控制的。 :monitoring-event:`C_RETURN` 和 :monitoring-" +"event:`C_RAISE` 事件只会在相应的 :monitoring-event:`CALL` 事件被监控时才能被看到。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:205 +msgid "Other events" +msgstr "其他事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Other events are not necessarily tied to a specific location in the program " +"and cannot be individually disabled." +msgstr "其他事件不一定与程序中的特定位置相关联并且不能被单独禁用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:210 +msgid "The other events that can be monitored are:" +msgstr "可以被监视的其他事件包括：" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:212 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_THROW`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_THROW`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:213 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_UNWIND`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_UNWIND`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:214 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`RAISE`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`RAISE`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:215 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`EXCEPTION_HANDLED`" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`EXCEPTION_HANDLED`" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:219 +msgid "The STOP_ITERATION event" +msgstr "STOP_ITERATION 事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:221 +msgid "" +":pep:`PEP 380 <380#use-of-stopiteration-to-return-values>` specifies that a " +":exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised when returning a value from a " +"generator or coroutine. However, this is a very inefficient way to return a " +"value, so some Python implementations, notably CPython 3.12+, do not raise " +"an exception unless it would be visible to other code." +msgstr "" +":pep:`PEP 380 <380#use-of-stopiteration-to-return-values>` " +"规定了当从生成器或协程返回值时可引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常。 不过，这是一种非常低效的返回值的方式，因此某些 Python " +"实现，比如 CPython 3.12+，只有在异常对其他代码可见时才会引发它。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:227 +msgid "" +"To allow tools to monitor for real exceptions without slowing down " +"generators and coroutines, the :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` event is " +"provided. :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` can be locally disabled, unlike" +" :monitoring-event:`RAISE`." +msgstr "" +"为允许工具监视真正的异常而不会拖慢生成器和协程的运行，解释器提供了 :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` 事件。 " +":monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION` 可以被局部禁用，这与 :monitoring-event:`RAISE` 不同。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:233 +msgid "Turning events on and off" +msgstr "开启和关闭事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:235 +msgid "" +"In order to monitor an event, it must be turned on and a corresponding " +"callback must be registered. Events can be turned on or off by setting the " +"events either globally or for a particular code object." +msgstr "要监视一个事件，它必须被开启并注册相应的回调函数。 可以通过将事件设置为全局的或针对特定代码对象的来开启或关闭事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:242 +msgid "Setting events globally" +msgstr "全局设置事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Events can be controlled globally by modifying the set of events being " +"monitored." +msgstr "通过修改被监视的事件集可以对事件进行全局控制。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:248 +msgid "Returns the ``int`` representing all the active events." +msgstr "返回代表所有活动事件的 ``int``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Activates all events which are set in *event_set*. Raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` if *tool_id* is not in use." +msgstr "激活在 *event_set* 中设置的所有事件。 如果 *tool_id* 未被使用则会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:255 +msgid "No events are active by default." +msgstr "在默认情况下没有被激活的事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:258 +msgid "Per code object events" +msgstr "针对特定代码对象的事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Events can also be controlled on a per code object basis. The functions " +"defined below which accept a :class:`types.CodeType` should be prepared to " +"accept a look-alike object from functions which are not defined in Python " +"(see :ref:`c-api-monitoring`)." +msgstr "" +"事件也可以基于每个代码对象来控制。 下面定义的接受一个 :class:`types.CodeType` 的函数应当准备好接受来自不是在 Python " +"中定义的类似对象 (参见 :ref:`c-api-monitoring`)。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:267 +msgid "Returns all the local events for *code*" +msgstr "返回 *code* 的所有局部事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:271 +msgid "" +"Activates all the local events for *code* which are set in *event_set*. " +"Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if *tool_id* is not in use." +msgstr "" +"激活在 *event_set* 中设置的针对 *code* 的所有局部事件。 如果 *tool_id* 未被使用则会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:274 +msgid "" +"Local events add to global events, but do not mask them. In other words, all" +" global events will trigger for a code object, regardless of the local " +"events." +msgstr "局部事件将添加到全局事件中，但不会屏蔽全局事件。 换句话说，所有全局事件都会为代码对象触发，无论是否有局部事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:280 +msgid "Disabling events" +msgstr "禁用事件" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:284 +msgid "" +"A special value that can be returned from a callback function to disable " +"events for the current code location." +msgstr "一个可从回调函数返回以禁用当前代码位置上的事件的特殊值。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:287 +msgid "" +"Local events can be disabled for a specific code location by returning " +":data:`sys.monitoring.DISABLE` from a callback function. This does not " +"change which events are set, or any other code locations for the same event." +msgstr "" +"可从回调函数返回 :data:`sys.monitoring.DISABLE` 以禁用特定代码位置上的局部事件。 " +"这不会改变已设置的事件，也不会改变同一事件的任何其他代码位置。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Disabling events for specific locations is very important for high " +"performance monitoring. For example, a program can be run under a debugger " +"with no overhead if the debugger disables all monitoring except for a few " +"breakpoints." +msgstr "禁用特定位置的事件对高性能的监控非常重要。 例如，如果调试器禁用了除几个断点外的所有监控那么程序在调试器下运行时就不会产生额外的开销。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:298 +msgid "" +"Enable all the events that were disabled by :data:`sys.monitoring.DISABLE` " +"for all tools." +msgstr "启用 :data:`sys.monitoring.DISABLE` 针对所有工具禁用的所有事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:305 +msgid "Registering callback functions" +msgstr "注册回调函数" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:307 +msgid "To register a callable for events call" +msgstr "要为事件注册一个可调用对象则要调用" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:311 +msgid "Registers the callable *func* for the *event* with the given *tool_id*" +msgstr "使用给定的 *tool_id* 为 *event* 注册可调用对象 *func*" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:313 +msgid "" +"If another callback was registered for the given *tool_id* and *event*, it " +"is unregistered and returned. Otherwise :func:`register_callback` returns " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果已经为给定的 *tool_id* 和 *event* 注册了另一个回调，它将被注销并返回。 在其他情况下 " +":func:`register_callback` 将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Functions can be unregistered by calling " +"``sys.monitoring.register_callback(tool_id, event, None)``." +msgstr "" +"函数可以通过调用 ``sys.monitoring.register_callback(tool_id, event, None)`` 来注销。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:321 +msgid "Callback functions can be registered and unregistered at any time." +msgstr "回调函数可在任何时候被注册或注销。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:323 +msgid "" +"Registering or unregistering a callback function will generate a " +":func:`sys.audit` event." +msgstr "注册或注销回调函数将生成一个 :func:`sys.audit` 事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:327 +msgid "Callback function arguments" +msgstr "回调函数参数" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:331 +msgid "" +"A special value that is passed to a callback function to indicate that there" +" are no arguments to the call." +msgstr "一个传给回调函数表明该调用不附带任何参数的特殊值。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:334 +msgid "" +"When an active event occurs, the registered callback function is called. " +"Different events will provide the callback function with different " +"arguments, as follows:" +msgstr "当一个激活的事件发生时，已注册的回调函数将被调用。 不同的事件将为回调函数提供不同的参数，如下所示：" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:337 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_START` and :monitoring-event:`PY_RESUME`::" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_START` 和 :monitoring-event:`PY_RESUME`::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:339 ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:370 +msgid "func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int) -> DISABLE | Any" +msgstr "func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int) -> DISABLE | Any" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:341 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN` and :monitoring-event:`PY_YIELD`::" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`PY_RETURN` 和 :monitoring-event:`PY_YIELD`::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:343 +msgid "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, retval: object) -> DISABLE | " +"Any" +msgstr "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, retval: object) -> DISABLE | " +"Any" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:345 +msgid "" +":monitoring-event:`CALL`, :monitoring-event:`C_RAISE` and :monitoring-" +"event:`C_RETURN`::" +msgstr "" +":monitoring-event:`CALL`, :monitoring-event:`C_RAISE` 和 :monitoring-" +"event:`C_RETURN`::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:347 +msgid "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, callable: object, arg0: object" +" | MISSING) -> DISABLE | Any" +msgstr "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, callable: object, arg0: object" +" | MISSING) -> DISABLE | Any" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:349 +msgid "" +"If there are no arguments, *arg0* is set to :data:`sys.monitoring.MISSING`." +msgstr "如果没有任何参数，则 *arg0* 将被设为 :data:`sys.monitoring.MISSING`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:351 +msgid "" +":monitoring-event:`RAISE`, :monitoring-event:`RERAISE`, :monitoring-" +"event:`EXCEPTION_HANDLED`, :monitoring-event:`PY_UNWIND`, :monitoring-" +"event:`PY_THROW` and :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION`::" +msgstr "" +":monitoring-event:`RAISE`, :monitoring-event:`RERAISE`, :monitoring-" +"event:`EXCEPTION_HANDLED`, :monitoring-event:`PY_UNWIND`, :monitoring-" +"event:`PY_THROW` 和 :monitoring-event:`STOP_ITERATION`::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:354 +msgid "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, exception: BaseException) -> " +"DISABLE | Any" +msgstr "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, exception: BaseException) -> " +"DISABLE | Any" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:356 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`LINE`::" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`LINE`::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:358 +msgid "func(code: CodeType, line_number: int) -> DISABLE | Any" +msgstr "func(code: CodeType, line_number: int) -> DISABLE | Any" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:360 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`BRANCH` and :monitoring-event:`JUMP`::" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`BRANCH` 和 :monitoring-event:`JUMP`::" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:362 +msgid "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, destination_offset: int) -> " +"DISABLE | Any" +msgstr "" +"func(code: CodeType, instruction_offset: int, destination_offset: int) -> " +"DISABLE | Any" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Note that the *destination_offset* is where the code will next execute. For " +"an untaken branch this will be the offset of the instruction following the " +"branch." +msgstr "请注意 *destination_offset* 是代码下一次执行的位置。 对于未进入的分支这将为该分支之后的指令的偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/sys.monitoring.rst:368 +msgid ":monitoring-event:`INSTRUCTION`::" +msgstr ":monitoring-event:`INSTRUCTION`::" diff --git a/library/sys.po b/library/sys.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d36bc5a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sys.po @@ -0,0 +1,3198 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Trim21 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 1lin24 <1lin24@sina.com>, 2021 +# Sean Chao , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# 高乐喆 , 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# sunsol s , 2023 +# Xu Siyuan, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# WH-2099 , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-04 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: WH-2099 , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!sys` --- System-specific parameters and functions" +msgstr ":mod:`!sys` --- 系统相关的形参和函数" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to some variables used or maintained by the " +"interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter. It" +" is always available. Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all variables are " +"read-only." +msgstr "该模块提供了一些由解释器使用或维护的变量以及与解释器高强度交互的函数。 它将始终可用。 除非显式地说明例外情况，所有变量都是只读的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:16 +msgid "" +"On POSIX systems where Python was built with the standard ``configure`` " +"script, this contains the ABI flags as specified by :pep:`3149`." +msgstr "" +"在POSIX系统上，以标准的 ``configure`` 脚本构建的 Python 中，这个变量会包含 :pep:`3149` 中定义的ABI标签。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Default flags became an empty string (``m`` flag for pymalloc has been " +"removed)." +msgstr "默认的 flags 变为了空字符串（用于 pymalloc 的 ``m`` 旗标已经移除）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:25 ../../library/sys.rst:299 +#: ../../library/sys.rst:369 ../../library/sys.rst:760 +#: ../../library/sys.rst:778 ../../library/sys.rst:1020 +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1522 ../../library/sys.rst:1763 +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1778 ../../library/sys.rst:1786 +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1802 ../../library/sys.rst:2046 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Append the callable *hook* to the list of active auditing hooks for the " +"current (sub)interpreter." +msgstr "将可调用的对象 *hook* 附加到当前（子）解释器的活动的审计钩子列表中。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:33 +msgid "" +"When an auditing event is raised through the :func:`sys.audit` function, " +"each hook will be called in the order it was added with the event name and " +"the tuple of arguments. Native hooks added by :c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` " +"are called first, followed by hooks added in the current (sub)interpreter. " +"Hooks can then log the event, raise an exception to abort the operation, or " +"terminate the process entirely." +msgstr "" +"当通过 :func:`sys.audit` 函数引发审计事件时，每个钩子将按照其被加入的先后顺序被调用，调用时会传入事件名称和参数元组。 由 " +":c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` 添加的原生钩子会先被调用，然后是当前（子）解释器中添加的钩子。 " +"接下来这些钩子会记录事件，引发异常来中止操作，或是完全终止进程。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Note that audit hooks are primarily for collecting information about " +"internal or otherwise unobservable actions, whether by Python or libraries " +"written in Python. They are not suitable for implementing a \"sandbox\". In " +"particular, malicious code can trivially disable or bypass hooks added using" +" this function. At a minimum, any security-sensitive hooks must be added " +"using the C API :c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` before initialising the " +"runtime, and any modules allowing arbitrary memory modification (such as " +":mod:`ctypes`) should be completely removed or closely monitored." +msgstr "" +"请注意审计钩子主要是用于收集有关内部或在其他情况下不可观察操作的信息，可能是通过 Python 或者用 Python 编写的库。 " +"它们不适合用于实现“沙盒”。 特别重要的一点是，恶意代码可以轻易地禁用或绕过使用此函数添加的钩子。 至少，在初始化运行时之前必须使用 C API " +":c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` 来添加任何安全敏感的钩子，并且应当完全删除或密切监视任何允许任意修改内存的模块 (如 " +":mod:`ctypes`)。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:49 ../../library/sys.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`sys.addaudithook` will itself raise an auditing event named " +"``sys.addaudithook`` with no arguments. If any existing hooks raise an " +"exception derived from :class:`RuntimeError`, the new hook will not be added" +" and the exception suppressed. As a result, callers cannot assume that their" +" hook has been added unless they control all existing hooks." +msgstr "" +"调用 :func:`sys.addaudithook` 时它自身将引发一个名为 ``sys.addaudithook`` 的审计事件且不附带参数。 " +"如果任何现有的钩子引发了派生自 :class:`RuntimeError` 的异常，则新的钩子不会被添加并且该异常会被抑制。 " +"其结果就是，调用者无法确保他们的钩子已经被添加，除非他们控制了全部现有的钩子。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:58 +msgid "" +"See the :ref:`audit events table ` for all events raised by " +"CPython, and :pep:`578` for the original design discussion." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :ref:`审计事件表 ` 以获取由 CPython 引发的所有事件，并参阅 :pep:`578` " +"了解最初的设计讨论。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Exceptions derived from :class:`Exception` but not :class:`RuntimeError` are" +" no longer suppressed." +msgstr "派生自 :class:`Exception` （而非 :class:`RuntimeError` ）的异常不会被抑制。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:70 +msgid "" +"When tracing is enabled (see :func:`settrace`), Python hooks are only traced" +" if the callable has a ``__cantrace__`` member that is set to a true value. " +"Otherwise, trace functions will skip the hook." +msgstr "" +"启用跟踪时（参阅 :func:`settrace` ），仅当可调用对象（钩子）的 ``__cantrace__`` 成员设置为 true " +"时，才会跟踪该钩子。否则，跟踪功能将跳过该钩子。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The list of command line arguments passed to a Python script. ``argv[0]`` is" +" the script name (it is operating system dependent whether this is a full " +"pathname or not). If the command was executed using the :option:`-c` " +"command line option to the interpreter, ``argv[0]`` is set to the string " +"``'-c'``. If no script name was passed to the Python interpreter, " +"``argv[0]`` is the empty string." +msgstr "" +"一个列表，其中包含了被传递给 Python 脚本的命令行参数。 ``argv[0]`` 为脚本的名称（是否是完整的路径名取决于操作系统）。如果是通过 " +"Python 解释器的命令行参数 :option:`-c` 来执行的， ``argv[0]`` 会被设置成字符串 ``'-c'`` " +"。如果没有脚本名被传递给 Python 解释器， ``argv[0]`` 为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:83 +msgid "" +"To loop over the standard input, or the list of files given on the command " +"line, see the :mod:`fileinput` module." +msgstr "为了遍历标准输入，或者通过命令行传递的文件列表，参照 :mod:`fileinput` 模块" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:86 +msgid "See also :data:`sys.orig_argv`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :data:`sys.orig_argv`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:89 +msgid "" +"On Unix, command line arguments are passed by bytes from OS. Python decodes" +" them with filesystem encoding and \"surrogateescape\" error handler. When " +"you need original bytes, you can get it by ``[os.fsencode(arg) for arg in " +"sys.argv]``." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，系统传递的命令行参数是字节类型的。Python 使用文件系统编码和 \"surrogateescape\" " +"错误处理方案对它们进行解码。当需要原始字节时，可以通过 ``[os.fsencode(arg) for arg in sys.argv]`` 来获取。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Raise an auditing event and trigger any active auditing hooks. *event* is a " +"string identifying the event, and *args* may contain optional arguments with" +" more information about the event. The number and types of arguments for a " +"given event are considered a public and stable API and should not be " +"modified between releases." +msgstr "" +"引发一个审计事件并触发任何激活的审计钩子。 *event* 是一个用于标识事件的字符串，*args* 会包含有关事件的更多信息的可选参数。 " +"特定事件的参数的数量和类型会被视为是公有的稳定 API 且不应当在版本之间进行修改。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:107 +msgid "" +"For example, one auditing event is named ``os.chdir``. This event has one " +"argument called *path* that will contain the requested new working " +"directory." +msgstr "例如，有一个审计事件的名称为 ``os.chdir``。 此事件具有一个名为 *path* 的参数，该参数将包含所请求的新工作目录。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:111 +msgid "" +":func:`sys.audit` will call the existing auditing hooks, passing the event " +"name and arguments, and will re-raise the first exception from any hook. In " +"general, if an exception is raised, it should not be handled and the process" +" should be terminated as quickly as possible. This allows hook " +"implementations to decide how to respond to particular events: they can " +"merely log the event or abort the operation by raising an exception." +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.audit` 将调用现有的审计钩子，传入事件名称和参数，并将重新引发来自任何钩子的第一个异常。 " +"通常来说，如果有一个异常被引发，则它不应当被处理且其进程应当被尽可能快地终止。 " +"这将允许钩子实现来决定对特定事件要如何反应：它们可以只是将事件写入日志或是通过引发异常来中止操作。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Hooks are added using the :func:`sys.addaudithook` or " +":c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` functions." +msgstr "钩子程序由 :func:`sys.addaudithook` 或 :c:func:`PySys_AddAuditHook` 函数添加。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:122 +msgid "" +"The native equivalent of this function is :c:func:`PySys_Audit`. Using the " +"native function is preferred when possible." +msgstr "与本函数相等效的原生函数是 :c:func:`PySys_Audit`，应尽量使用原生函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:125 +msgid "" +"See the :ref:`audit events table ` for all events raised by " +"CPython." +msgstr "参阅 :ref:`审计事件表 ` 以获取 CPython 定义的所有审计事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Set during Python startup, before ``site.py`` is run, to the same value as " +":data:`exec_prefix`. If not running in a :ref:`virtual environment `, the values will stay the same; if ``site.py`` finds that a virtual " +"environment is in use, the values of :data:`prefix` and :data:`exec_prefix` " +"will be changed to point to the virtual environment, whereas " +":data:`base_prefix` and :data:`base_exec_prefix` will remain pointing to the" +" base Python installation (the one which the virtual environment was created" +" from)." +msgstr "" +"在 ``site.py`` 运行之前， Python 启动的时候被设置为跟 :data:`exec_prefix` 同样的值。如果不是运行在 " +":ref:`虚拟环境 ` 中，两个值会保持相同；如果 ``site.py`` 发现处于一个虚拟环境中， :data:`prefix`" +" 和 :data:`exec_prefix` 将会指向虚拟环境。然而 :data:`base_prefix` 和 " +":data:`base_exec_prefix` 将仍然会指向基础的 Python 环境（用来创建虚拟环境的 Python 环境）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Set during Python startup, before ``site.py`` is run, to the same value as " +":data:`prefix`. If not running in a :ref:`virtual environment `, " +"the values will stay the same; if ``site.py`` finds that a virtual " +"environment is in use, the values of :data:`prefix` and :data:`exec_prefix` " +"will be changed to point to the virtual environment, whereas " +":data:`base_prefix` and :data:`base_exec_prefix` will remain pointing to the" +" base Python installation (the one which the virtual environment was created" +" from)." +msgstr "" +"在 ``site.py`` 运行之前， Python 启动的时候被设置为跟 :data:`prefix` 同样的值。如果不是运行在 :ref:`虚拟环境" +" ` 中, 两个值会保持相同；如果 ``site.py`` 发现处于一个虚拟环境中， :data:`prefix` 和 " +":data:`exec_prefix` 将会指向虚拟环境。然而 :data:`base_prefix` 和 " +":data:`base_exec_prefix` 将仍然会指向基础的 Python 环境（用来创建虚拟环境的 Python 环境）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:160 +msgid "" +"An indicator of the native byte order. This will have the value ``'big'`` " +"on big-endian (most-significant byte first) platforms, and ``'little'`` on " +"little-endian (least-significant byte first) platforms." +msgstr "" +"本地字节顺序的指示符。在大端序（最高有效位优先）操作系统上值为 ``'big'`` ，在小端序（最低有效位优先）操作系统上为 ``'little'`` " +"。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:167 +msgid "" +"A tuple of strings containing the names of all modules that are compiled " +"into this Python interpreter. (This information is not available in any " +"other way --- ``modules.keys()`` only lists the imported modules.)" +msgstr "" +"一个包含所有被编译进 Python 解释器的模块的名称的字符串元组。 （此信息无法通过任何其他办法获取 --- ``modules.keys()`` " +"仅会列出导入的模块。）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:171 +msgid "See also the :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names` list." +msgstr "另请参阅 :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names` 列表。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Call ``func(*args)``, while tracing is enabled. The tracing state is saved," +" and restored afterwards. This is intended to be called from a debugger " +"from a checkpoint, to recursively debug or profile some other code." +msgstr "" +"当启用跟踪时，调用 ``func(*args)``。 跟踪状态将被保存，并在以后恢复。 " +"这被设计为由调试器从某个检查点执行调用，以便递归地调试或分析某些其他代码。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Tracing is suspended while calling a tracing function set by " +":func:`settrace` or :func:`setprofile` to avoid infinite recursion. " +":func:`!call_tracing` enables explicit recursion of the tracing function." +msgstr "" +"在调用由 :func:`settrace` 或 :func:`setprofile` 设置的跟踪函数时跟踪将暂停以避免无限递归。 " +":func:`!call_tracing` 会启用跟踪函数的显式递归。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:187 +msgid "" +"A string containing the copyright pertaining to the Python interpreter." +msgstr "一个字符串，包含了 Python 解释器有关的版权信息" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Clear the internal type cache. The type cache is used to speed up attribute " +"and method lookups. Use the function *only* to drop unnecessary references " +"during reference leak debugging." +msgstr "清除内部的类型缓存。类型缓存是为了加速查找方法和属性的。在调试引用泄漏的时候调用这个函数 *只会* 清除不必要的引用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:196 ../../library/sys.rst:223 +#: ../../library/sys.rst:236 +msgid "" +"This function should be used for internal and specialized purposes only." +msgstr "这个函数应该只在内部为了一些特定的目的使用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:198 +msgid "Use the more general :func:`_clear_internal_caches` function instead." +msgstr "改用更一般化的 :func:`_clear_internal_caches` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Clear all internal performance-related caches. Use this function *only* to " +"release unnecessary references and memory blocks when hunting for leaks." +msgstr "清空所有内部性能相关的缓存。 此函数的使用 *仅限于* 释放不再需要的引用和寻找泄漏的内存块时。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary mapping each thread's identifier to the topmost stack " +"frame currently active in that thread at the time the function is called. " +"Note that functions in the :mod:`traceback` module can build the call stack " +"given such a frame." +msgstr "" +"返回一个字典，存放着每个线程的标识符与（调用本函数时）该线程栈顶的帧（当前活动的帧）之间的映射。注意 :mod:`traceback` " +"模块中的函数可以在给定某一帧的情况下构建调用堆栈。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:217 +msgid "" +"This is most useful for debugging deadlock: this function does not require " +"the deadlocked threads' cooperation, and such threads' call stacks are " +"frozen for as long as they remain deadlocked. The frame returned for a non-" +"deadlocked thread may bear no relationship to that thread's current activity" +" by the time calling code examines the frame." +msgstr "" +"这对于调试死锁最有用：本函数不需要死锁线程的配合，并且只要这些线程的调用栈保持死锁，它们就是冻结的。在调用本代码来检查栈顶的帧的那一刻，非死锁线程返回的帧可能与该线程当前活动的帧没有任何关系。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sys._current_frames`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys._current_frames``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary mapping each thread's identifier to the topmost " +"exception currently active in that thread at the time the function is " +"called. If a thread is not currently handling an exception, it is not " +"included in the result dictionary." +msgstr "" +"返回一个字典，存放着每个线程的标识与调用此函数时该线程当前活动帧的栈顶异常之间的映射。 如果某个线程当前未在处理异常，它将不被包括在结果字典中。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:234 +msgid "This is most useful for statistical profiling." +msgstr "这对于静态性能分析来说最为有用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:238 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sys._current_exceptions`` with " +"no arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys._current_exceptions``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Each value in the dictionary is now a single exception instance, rather than" +" a 3-tuple as returned from ``sys.exc_info()``." +msgstr "现在字典中的每个值都是单独的异常实例，而不是如 ``sys.exc_info()`` 所返回的 3 元组。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:246 +msgid "" +"This hook function is called by built-in :func:`breakpoint`. By default, it" +" drops you into the :mod:`pdb` debugger, but it can be set to any other " +"function so that you can choose which debugger gets used." +msgstr "" +"本钩子函数由内建函数 :func:`breakpoint` 调用。默认情况下，它将进入 :mod:`pdb` " +"调试器，但可以将其改为任何其他函数，以选择使用哪个调试器。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:250 +msgid "" +"The signature of this function is dependent on what it calls. For example, " +"the default binding (e.g. ``pdb.set_trace()``) expects no arguments, but you" +" might bind it to a function that expects additional arguments (positional " +"and/or keyword). The built-in ``breakpoint()`` function passes its " +"``*args`` and ``**kws`` straight through. Whatever ``breakpointhooks()`` " +"returns is returned from ``breakpoint()``." +msgstr "" +"该函数的特征取决于其调用的函数。例如，默认绑定（即 ``pdb.set_trace()`` " +"）不要求提供参数，但可以将绑定换成要求提供附加参数（位置参数/关键字参数）的函数。内建函数 ``breakpoint()`` 直接将其 " +"``*args`` 和 ``**kws`` 传入。``breakpointhooks()`` 返回的所有内容都会从 ``breakpoint()`` " +"返回。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The default implementation first consults the environment variable " +":envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT`. If that is set to ``\"0\"`` then this function " +"returns immediately; i.e. it is a no-op. If the environment variable is not" +" set, or is set to the empty string, ``pdb.set_trace()`` is called. " +"Otherwise this variable should name a function to run, using Python's " +"dotted-import nomenclature, e.g. ``package.subpackage.module.function``. In " +"this case, ``package.subpackage.module`` would be imported and the resulting" +" module must have a callable named ``function()``. This is run, passing in " +"``*args`` and ``**kws``, and whatever ``function()`` returns, " +"``sys.breakpointhook()`` returns to the built-in :func:`breakpoint` " +"function." +msgstr "" +"默认的实现首先会查询环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT`。如果将该变量设置为 " +"``\"0\"``，则本函数立即返回，表示在断点处无操作。如果未设置该环境变量或将其设置为空字符串，则调用 " +"``pdb.set_trace()``。否则，此变量应指定要运行的函数，指定函数时应使用 Python 的点导入命名法，如 " +"``package.subpackage.module.function``。这种情况下将导入 " +"``package.subpackage.module``，且导入的模块必须有一个名为 ``function()`` " +"的可调用对象。该可调用对象会运行，``*args`` 和 ``**kws`` 会传入，且无论 ``function()`` " +"返回什么，``sys.breakpointhook()`` 都将返回到內建函数 :func:`breakpoint`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Note that if anything goes wrong while importing the callable named by " +":envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT`, a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` is reported and the " +"breakpoint is ignored." +msgstr "" +"请注意，如果在导入 :envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT` 指定的可调用对象时出错，则将报告一个 " +":exc:`RuntimeWarning` 并忽略断点。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Also note that if ``sys.breakpointhook()`` is overridden programmatically, " +":envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT` is *not* consulted." +msgstr "" +"另请注意，如果以编程方式覆盖 ``sys.breakpointhook()``，则 *不会* 查询 " +":envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:280 +msgid "" +"Print low-level information to stderr about the state of CPython's memory " +"allocator." +msgstr "将有关 CPython 内存分配器状态的底层的信息打印至 stderr。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:283 +msgid "" +"If Python is :ref:`built in debug mode ` (:option:`configure " +"--with-pydebug option <--with-pydebug>`), it also performs some expensive " +"internal consistency checks." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 是 :ref:`以调试模式编译的 ` (:option:`使用 --with-pydebug 配置选项 " +"<--with-pydebug>`)，它还会执行某些高开销的内部一致性检查。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:291 +msgid "" +"This function is specific to CPython. The exact output format is not " +"defined here, and may change." +msgstr "本函数仅限 CPython。此处没有定义确切的输出格式，且可能会更改。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:297 +msgid "Integer specifying the handle of the Python DLL." +msgstr "指向 Python DLL 句柄的整数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:304 +msgid "" +"If *value* is not ``None``, this function prints ``repr(value)`` to " +"``sys.stdout``, and saves *value* in ``builtins._``. If ``repr(value)`` is " +"not encodable to ``sys.stdout.encoding`` with ``sys.stdout.errors`` error " +"handler (which is probably ``'strict'``), encode it to " +"``sys.stdout.encoding`` with ``'backslashreplace'`` error handler." +msgstr "" +"如果 *value* 不是 ``None``，则本函数会将 ``repr(value)`` 打印至 ``sys.stdout``，并将 *value* " +"保存在 ``builtins._`` 中。如果 ``repr(value)`` 无法用 ``sys.stdout.errors`` 错误处理方案（可能为" +" ``'strict'`` ）编码为 ``sys.stdout.encoding``，则用 ``'backslashreplace'`` " +"错误处理方案将其编码为 ``sys.stdout.encoding``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:310 +msgid "" +"``sys.displayhook`` is called on the result of evaluating an " +":term:`expression` entered in an interactive Python session. The display of" +" these values can be customized by assigning another one-argument function " +"to ``sys.displayhook``." +msgstr "" +"在交互式 Python 会话中运行 :term:`expression` 产生结果后，将在结果上调用 " +"``sys.displayhook``。若要自定义这些 value 的显示，可以将 ``sys.displayhook`` 指定为另一个单参数函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:314 +msgid "Pseudo-code::" +msgstr "伪代码::" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:316 +msgid "" +"def displayhook(value):\n" +" if value is None:\n" +" return\n" +" # Set '_' to None to avoid recursion\n" +" builtins._ = None\n" +" text = repr(value)\n" +" try:\n" +" sys.stdout.write(text)\n" +" except UnicodeEncodeError:\n" +" bytes = text.encode(sys.stdout.encoding, 'backslashreplace')\n" +" if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer'):\n" +" sys.stdout.buffer.write(bytes)\n" +" else:\n" +" text = bytes.decode(sys.stdout.encoding, 'strict')\n" +" sys.stdout.write(text)\n" +" sys.stdout.write(\"\\n\")\n" +" builtins._ = value" +msgstr "" +"def displayhook(value):\n" +" if value is None:\n" +" return\n" +" # 将 '_' 设为 None 以避免继续递归\n" +" builtins._ = None\n" +" text = repr(value)\n" +" try:\n" +" sys.stdout.write(text)\n" +" except UnicodeEncodeError:\n" +" bytes = text.encode(sys.stdout.encoding, 'backslashreplace')\n" +" if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer'):\n" +" sys.stdout.buffer.write(bytes)\n" +" else:\n" +" text = bytes.decode(sys.stdout.encoding, 'strict')\n" +" sys.stdout.write(text)\n" +" sys.stdout.write(\"\\n\")\n" +" builtins._ = value" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:334 +msgid "Use ``'backslashreplace'`` error handler on :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`." +msgstr "在发生 :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` 时使用 ``'backslashreplace'`` 错误处理方案。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:340 +msgid "" +"If this is true, Python won't try to write ``.pyc`` files on the import of " +"source modules. This value is initially set to ``True`` or ``False`` " +"depending on the :option:`-B` command line option and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` environment variable, but you can set it " +"yourself to control bytecode file generation." +msgstr "" +"如果该值为 true，则 Python 在导入源码模块时将不会尝试写入 ``.pyc`` 文件。该值会被初始化为 ``True`` 或 " +"``False``，依据是 :option:`-B` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` " +"环境变量，可以自行设置该值，来控制是否生成字节码文件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:349 +msgid "" +"A :term:`named tuple` holding information about the environment on the " +"*wasm32-emscripten* platform. The named tuple is provisional and may change " +"in the future." +msgstr "" +"这个 :term:`named tuple` 保存了 *wasm32-emscripten* 平台中环境的相关信息。 " +"该命名元组处于暂定状态并可能在将来被更改。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:355 +msgid "" +"Emscripten version as tuple of ints (major, minor, micro), e.g. ``(3, 1, " +"8)``." +msgstr "以整数元组 (major, minor, micro) 表示的 Emscripten 版本，例如 ``(3, 1, 8)``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Runtime string, e.g. browser user agent, ``'Node.js v14.18.2'``, or " +"``'UNKNOWN'``." +msgstr "运行时字符串，例如 browser user agent, ``'Node.js v14.18.2'`` 或 ``'UNKNOWN'``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:363 +msgid "``True`` if Python is compiled with Emscripten pthreads support." +msgstr "如果 Python 编译附带了 Emscripten pthreads 支持则为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:367 +msgid "``True`` if Python is compiled with shared memory support." +msgstr "如果 Python 编译附带了共享内存支持则为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:376 +msgid "" +"If this is set (not ``None``), Python will write bytecode-cache ``.pyc`` " +"files to (and read them from) a parallel directory tree rooted at this " +"directory, rather than from ``__pycache__`` directories in the source code " +"tree. Any ``__pycache__`` directories in the source code tree will be " +"ignored and new ``.pyc`` files written within the pycache prefix. Thus if " +"you use :mod:`compileall` as a pre-build step, you must ensure you run it " +"with the same pycache prefix (if any) that you will use at runtime." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了该值 (不能为 ``None``)，Python 会将字节码缓存文件 ``.pyc`` " +"写入到以该值指定的目录为根的并行目录树中（并从中读取），而不是在源代码树的 ``__pycache__`` 目录下读写。 源代码树中所有的 " +"``__pycache__`` 目录都将被忽略并且新的 ``.pyc`` 文件将被写入到 pycache 前缀指定的位置。 因此如果你使用 " +":mod:`compileall` 作为预编译步骤，你必须确保使用与在运行时相同的 pycache 前缀（如果有的话）来运行它。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:384 +msgid "" +"A relative path is interpreted relative to the current working directory." +msgstr "相对路径将解释为相对于当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:386 +msgid "" +"This value is initially set based on the value of the :option:`-X` " +"``pycache_prefix=PATH`` command-line option or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` environment variable (command-line takes " +"precedence). If neither are set, it is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"该值的初值设置，依据 :option:`-X` ``pycache_prefix=PATH`` 命令行选项或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` 环境变量的值（命令行优先）。如果两者均未设置，则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:396 +msgid "" +"This function prints out a given traceback and exception to ``sys.stderr``." +msgstr "本函数会将所给的回溯和异常输出到 ``sys.stderr`` 中。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:398 +msgid "" +"When an exception other than :exc:`SystemExit` is raised and uncaught, the " +"interpreter calls ``sys.excepthook`` with three arguments, the exception " +"class, exception instance, and a traceback object. In an interactive " +"session this happens just before control is returned to the prompt; in a " +"Python program this happens just before the program exits. The handling of " +"such top-level exceptions can be customized by assigning another three-" +"argument function to ``sys.excepthook``." +msgstr "" +"当有 :exc:`SystemExit` 以外的异常被引发且未被捕获时，解释器会调用 ``sys.excepthook`` " +"并附带三个参数：异常类、异常实例和回溯对象。 在交互会话中这将发生在控制返回提示符之前；在 Python 程序中这将发生在程序退出之前。 " +"这种最高层级异常的处理可以通过为 ``sys.excepthook`` 指定另一个三参数函数来实现自定义。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:405 ../../library/sys.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Raise an auditing event ``sys.excepthook`` with arguments ``hook``, " +"``type``, ``value``, ``traceback`` when an uncaught exception occurs. If no " +"hook has been set, ``hook`` may be ``None``. If any hook raises an exception" +" derived from :class:`RuntimeError` the call to the hook will be suppressed." +" Otherwise, the audit hook exception will be reported as unraisable and " +"``sys.excepthook`` will be called." +msgstr "" +"当发生未捕获的异常时，引发一个审计事件 ``sys.excepthook``，附带参数 ``hook``, ``type``, ``value``, " +"``traceback``。如果没有设置钩子，``hook`` 可能为 ``None``。如果某个钩子抛出了派生自 " +":class:`RuntimeError` 的异常，则将禁止对该钩子的调用。否则，审计钩子的异常将被报告为无法抛出，并将调用 " +"``sys.excepthook``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:416 +msgid "" +"The :func:`sys.unraisablehook` function handles unraisable exceptions and " +"the :func:`threading.excepthook` function handles exception raised by " +":func:`threading.Thread.run`." +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.unraisablehook` 函数处理无法抛出的异常，:func:`threading.excepthook` 函数处理 " +":func:`threading.Thread.run` 抛出的异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:426 +msgid "" +"These objects contain the original values of ``breakpointhook``, " +"``displayhook``, ``excepthook``, and ``unraisablehook`` at the start of the " +"program. They are saved so that ``breakpointhook``, ``displayhook`` and " +"``excepthook``, ``unraisablehook`` can be restored in case they happen to " +"get replaced with broken or alternative objects." +msgstr "" +"程序开始时，这些对象存有 ``breakpointhook``、``displayhook``、``excepthook`` 和 " +"``unraisablehook`` 的初始值。保存它们是为了可以在 ``breakpointhook``、``displayhook`` 和 " +"``excepthook``、``unraisablehook`` 被破坏或被替换时恢复它们。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:432 +msgid "__breakpointhook__" +msgstr "__breakpointhook__" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:435 +msgid "__unraisablehook__" +msgstr "__unraisablehook__" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:441 +msgid "" +"This function, when called while an exception handler is executing (such as " +"an ``except`` or ``except*`` clause), returns the exception instance that " +"was caught by this handler. When exception handlers are nested within one " +"another, only the exception handled by the innermost handler is accessible." +msgstr "" +"当此函数在某个异常处理器执行过程中（如 ``except`` 或 ``except*`` 子句）被调用时，将返回被该处理器所捕获的异常实例。 " +"当有多个异常处理器彼此嵌套时，只有最内层处理器所处理的异常可以被访问到。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:446 +msgid "If no exception handler is executing, this function returns ``None``." +msgstr "如果没有任何异常处理器在执行，此函数将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:453 +msgid "" +"This function returns the old-style representation of the handled exception." +" If an exception ``e`` is currently handled (so :func:`exception` would " +"return ``e``), :func:`exc_info` returns the tuple ``(type(e), e, " +"e.__traceback__)``. That is, a tuple containing the type of the exception (a" +" subclass of :exc:`BaseException`), the exception itself, and a " +":ref:`traceback object ` which typically encapsulates the" +" call stack at the point where the exception last occurred." +msgstr "" +"此函数返回被处理异常的旧式表示形式。 如果异常 ``e`` 当前已被处理 (因此 :func:`exception` 将会返回 ``e``)，则 " +":func:`exc_info` 将返回元组 ``(type(e), e, e.__traceback__)``。 也就是说，一个包含了该异常类型 " +"(:exc:`BaseException` 的子类) ，异常本身，以及通常封装了异常最后发生位置上调用栈的 :ref:`回溯对象 ` 的元组。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:464 +msgid "" +"If no exception is being handled anywhere on the stack, this function return" +" a tuple containing three ``None`` values." +msgstr "如果堆栈上的任何地方都没有处理异常，则此函数将返回一个包含三个 ``None`` 的元组。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:467 +msgid "" +"The ``type`` and ``traceback`` fields are now derived from the ``value`` " +"(the exception instance), so when an exception is modified while it is being" +" handled, the changes are reflected in the results of subsequent calls to " +":func:`exc_info`." +msgstr "" +"``type`` 和 ``traceback`` 字段现在是派生自 ``value`` (异常实例)，因此当一个异常在处理期间被修改时，其变化会在后续对" +" :func:`exc_info` 的调用结果中反映出来。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:475 +msgid "" +"A string giving the site-specific directory prefix where the platform-" +"dependent Python files are installed; by default, this is also " +"``'/usr/local'``. This can be set at build time with the ``--exec-prefix`` " +"argument to the :program:`configure` script. Specifically, all " +"configuration files (e.g. the :file:`pyconfig.h` header file) are installed " +"in the directory :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/config`, and shared " +"library modules are installed in :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/lib-" +"dynload`, where *X.Y* is the version number of Python, for example ``3.2``." +msgstr "" +"一个字符串，提供特定域的目录前缀，该目录中安装了与平台相关的 Python 文件，默认也是 ``'/usr/local'``。该目录前缀可以在构建时使用" +" :program:`configure` 脚本的 ``--exec-prefix`` 参数进行设置。具体而言，所有配置文件（如 " +":file:`pyconfig.h` 头文件）都安装在目录 :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/config` " +"中，共享库模块安装在 :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/lib-dynload` 中，其中 *X.Y* 是 " +"Python 的版本号，如 ``3.2``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:486 +msgid "" +"If a :ref:`virtual environment ` is in effect, this value will be " +"changed in ``site.py`` to point to the virtual environment. The value for " +"the Python installation will still be available, via " +":data:`base_exec_prefix`." +msgstr "" +"如果在一个 :ref:`虚拟环境 ` 中，那么该值将在 ``site.py`` 中被修改，指向虚拟环境。Python " +"安装位置仍然可以用 :data:`base_exec_prefix` 来获取。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:494 +msgid "" +"A string giving the absolute path of the executable binary for the Python " +"interpreter, on systems where this makes sense. If Python is unable to " +"retrieve the real path to its executable, :data:`sys.executable` will be an " +"empty string or ``None``." +msgstr "" +"一个字符串，提供 Python 解释器的可执行二进制文件的绝对路径，仅在部分系统中此值有意义。如果 Python 无法获取其可执行文件的真实路径，则 " +":data:`sys.executable` 将为空字符串或 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:502 +msgid "" +"Raise a :exc:`SystemExit` exception, signaling an intention to exit the " +"interpreter." +msgstr "引发一个 :exc:`SystemExit` 异常，表示打算退出解释器。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:504 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *arg* can be an integer giving the exit status " +"(defaulting to zero), or another type of object. If it is an integer, zero " +"is considered \"successful termination\" and any nonzero value is considered" +" \"abnormal termination\" by shells and the like. Most systems require it " +"to be in the range 0--127, and produce undefined results otherwise. Some " +"systems have a convention for assigning specific meanings to specific exit " +"codes, but these are generally underdeveloped; Unix programs generally use 2" +" for command line syntax errors and 1 for all other kind of errors. If " +"another type of object is passed, ``None`` is equivalent to passing zero, " +"and any other object is printed to :data:`stderr` and results in an exit " +"code of 1. In particular, ``sys.exit(\"some error message\")`` is a quick " +"way to exit a program when an error occurs." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *arg* 可以是表示退出状态的整数（默认为 0），也可以是其他类型的对象。如果它是整数，则 shell 等将 0 " +"视为“成功终止”，非零值视为“异常终止”。大多数系统要求该值的范围是 0--" +"127，否则会产生不确定的结果。某些系统为退出代码约定了特定的含义，但通常尚不完善；Unix 程序通常用 2 表示命令行语法错误，用 1 " +"表示所有其他类型的错误。传入其他类型的对象，如果传入 ``None`` 等同于传入 0，如果传入其他对象则将其打印至 " +":data:`stderr`，且退出代码为 1。特别地，``sys.exit(\"some error message\")`` " +"可以在发生错误时快速退出程序。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:517 +msgid "" +"Since :func:`exit` ultimately \"only\" raises an exception, it will only " +"exit the process when called from the main thread, and the exception is not " +"intercepted. Cleanup actions specified by finally clauses of :keyword:`try` " +"statements are honored, and it is possible to intercept the exit attempt at " +"an outer level." +msgstr "" +"由于 :func:`exit` 最终 \"只\" 引发了一个异常，它只在从主线程调用时退出进程，而异常不会被拦截。 :keyword:`try` 语句的" +" finally 子句所指定的清理动作会被遵守，并且有可能在外层拦截退出的尝试。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:522 +msgid "" +"If an error occurs in the cleanup after the Python interpreter has caught " +":exc:`SystemExit` (such as an error flushing buffered data in the standard " +"streams), the exit status is changed to 120." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 解释器捕获 :exc:`SystemExit` 后，如果在清理中发生错误（如清除标准流中的缓冲数据时出错），则退出状态码将变为 " +"120。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:530 +msgid "" +"The :term:`named tuple` *flags* exposes the status of command line flags. " +"The attributes are read only." +msgstr ":term:`具名元组 ` *flags* 含有命令行标志的状态。这些属性是只读的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:536 +msgid ":option:`-d`" +msgstr ":option:`-d`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:539 ../../library/sys.rst:542 +msgid ":option:`-i`" +msgstr ":option:`-i`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:545 +msgid ":option:`-I`" +msgstr ":option:`-I`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:548 +msgid ":option:`-O` or :option:`-OO`" +msgstr ":option:`-O` 或 :option:`-OO`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:551 +msgid ":option:`-B`" +msgstr ":option:`-B`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:554 +msgid ":option:`-s`" +msgstr ":option:`-s`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:557 +msgid ":option:`-S`" +msgstr ":option:`-S`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:560 +msgid ":option:`-E`" +msgstr ":option:`-E`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:563 +msgid ":option:`-v`" +msgstr ":option:`-v`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:566 +msgid ":option:`-b`" +msgstr ":option:`-b`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:569 +msgid ":option:`-q`" +msgstr ":option:`-q`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:572 +msgid ":option:`-R`" +msgstr ":option:`-R`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:575 +msgid ":option:`-X dev <-X>` (:ref:`Python Development Mode `)" +msgstr ":option:`-X dev <-X>` (:ref:`Python 开发模式 `)" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:578 +msgid ":option:`-X utf8 <-X>`" +msgstr ":option:`-X utf8 <-X>`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:581 +msgid ":option:`-P`" +msgstr ":option:`-P`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:584 +msgid "" +":option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>` (:ref:`integer string conversion length" +" limitation `)" +msgstr "" +":option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>` (:ref:`integer string conversion length" +" limitation `)" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:588 +msgid ":option:`-X warn_default_encoding <-X>`" +msgstr ":option:`-X warn_default_encoding <-X>`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:590 +msgid "Added ``quiet`` attribute for the new :option:`-q` flag." +msgstr "为新的 :option:`-q` 标志添加了 ``quiet`` 属性" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:593 +msgid "The ``hash_randomization`` attribute." +msgstr "``hash_randomization`` 属性" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:596 +msgid "Removed obsolete ``division_warning`` attribute." +msgstr "删除了过时的 ``division_warning`` 属性" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:599 +msgid "Added ``isolated`` attribute for :option:`-I` ``isolated`` flag." +msgstr "为 :option:`-I` ``isolated`` 标志添加了 ``isolated`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:602 +msgid "" +"Added the ``dev_mode`` attribute for the new :ref:`Python Development Mode " +"` and the ``utf8_mode`` attribute for the new :option:`-X` " +"``utf8`` flag." +msgstr "" +"为新的 :ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 添加了 ``dev_mode`` 属性，为新的 :option:`-X` " +"``utf8`` 标志添加了 ``utf8_mode`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:607 +msgid "" +"Added ``warn_default_encoding`` attribute for :option:`-X` " +"``warn_default_encoding`` flag." +msgstr "" +"为 :option:`-X` ``warn_default_encoding`` 旗标添加了 ``warn_default_encoding`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:610 +msgid "Added the ``safe_path`` attribute for :option:`-P` option." +msgstr "添加了用于 :option:`-P` 选项的 ``safe_path`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:613 +msgid "Added the ``int_max_str_digits`` attribute." +msgstr "增加了 ``int_max_str_digits`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:619 +msgid "" +"A :term:`named tuple` holding information about the float type. It contains " +"low level information about the precision and internal representation. The " +"values correspond to the various floating-point constants defined in the " +"standard header file :file:`float.h` for the 'C' programming language; see " +"section 5.2.4.2.2 of the 1999 ISO/IEC C standard [C99]_, 'Characteristics of" +" floating types', for details." +msgstr "" +"一个 :term:`具名元组 `，存有浮点型的相关信息。它包含的是关于精度和内部表示的底层信息。这些值与标准头文件 " +":file:`float.h` 中为 C 语言定义的各种浮点常量对应，详情请参阅 1999 ISO/IEC C 标准 [C99]_ 的 " +"5.2.4.2.2 节，'Characteristics of floating types（浮点型的特性）'。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:626 +msgid "Attributes of the :data:`!float_info` :term:`named tuple`" +msgstr ":data:`!float_info` :term:`named tuple` 的属性" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:629 +msgid "attribute" +msgstr "attribute -- 属性" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:630 +msgid "float.h macro" +msgstr "float.h 宏" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:631 +msgid "explanation" +msgstr "说明" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:634 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_EPSILON`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_EPSILON`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:635 +msgid "" +"difference between 1.0 and the least value greater than 1.0 that is " +"representable as a float." +msgstr "1.0 与可表示为浮点数的大于 1.0 的最小值之间的差。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:638 +msgid "See also :func:`math.ulp`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`math.ulp`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:641 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_DIG`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_DIG`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:642 +msgid "" +"The maximum number of decimal digits that can be faithfully represented in a" +" float; see below." +msgstr "浮点数可以真实表示的十进制数的最大位数；见下文。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:646 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_MANT_DIG`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_MANT_DIG`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:647 +msgid "" +"Float precision: the number of base-``radix`` digits in the significand of a" +" float." +msgstr "浮点数精度：以 ``radix`` 为基数浮点数的有效位数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:651 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_MAX`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_MAX`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:652 +msgid "The maximum representable positive finite float." +msgstr "可表示的最大正有限浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:655 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_MAX_EXP`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_MAX_EXP`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:656 +msgid "" +"The maximum integer *e* such that ``radix**(e-1)`` is a representable finite" +" float." +msgstr "使得 ``radix**(e-1)`` 是可表示的有限浮点数的最大整数 *e*。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:660 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_MAX_10_EXP`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_MAX_10_EXP`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:661 +msgid "" +"The maximum integer *e* such that ``10**e`` is in the range of representable" +" finite floats." +msgstr "使得 ``10**e`` 在可表示的有限浮点数范围内的最大整数 *e*。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:665 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_MIN`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_MIN`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:666 +msgid "The minimum representable positive *normalized* float." +msgstr "可表示的最小正 *规范化* 浮点数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:668 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`math.ulp(0.0) ` to get the smallest positive " +"*denormalized* representable float." +msgstr "使用 :func:`math.ulp(0.0) ` 获取可表示的最小正 *非规格化* 浮点数" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:672 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_MIN_EXP`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_MIN_EXP`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:673 +msgid "" +"The minimum integer *e* such that ``radix**(e-1)`` is a normalized float." +msgstr "使得 ``radix**(e-1)`` 是规范化浮点数的最小整数 *e*。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:677 +msgid ":c:macro:`!DBL_MIN_10_EXP`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!DBL_MIN_10_EXP`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:678 +msgid "The minimum integer *e* such that ``10**e`` is a normalized float." +msgstr "使得 ``10**e`` 是归范化浮点数的最小整数 *e*。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:681 +msgid ":c:macro:`!FLT_RADIX`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!FLT_RADIX`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:682 +msgid "The radix of exponent representation." +msgstr "指数表示法中采用的基数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:685 +msgid ":c:macro:`!FLT_ROUNDS`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!FLT_ROUNDS`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:686 +msgid "" +"An integer representing the rounding mode for floating-point arithmetic. " +"This reflects the value of the system :c:macro:`!FLT_ROUNDS` macro at " +"interpreter startup time:" +msgstr "一个代表浮点运算舍入模式的整数。 它反映了解释器启动时系统 :c:macro:`!FLT_ROUNDS` 宏的值：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:690 +msgid "``-1``: indeterminable" +msgstr "``-1``: 不确定" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:691 +msgid "``0``: toward zero" +msgstr "``0``: 向零值" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:692 +msgid "``1``: to nearest" +msgstr "``1``: 向最近值" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:693 +msgid "``2``: toward positive infinity" +msgstr "``2``: 向正无穷" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:694 +msgid "``3``: toward negative infinity" +msgstr "``3``: 向负无穷" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:696 +msgid "" +"All other values for :c:macro:`!FLT_ROUNDS` characterize implementation-" +"defined rounding behavior." +msgstr ":c:macro:`!FLT_ROUNDS` 的所有其他值被用于代表具体实现所定义的舍入行为。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:699 +msgid "" +"The attribute :attr:`sys.float_info.dig` needs further explanation. If " +"``s`` is any string representing a decimal number with at most " +":attr:`!sys.float_info.dig` significant digits, then converting ``s`` to a " +"float and back again will recover a string representing the same decimal " +"value::" +msgstr "" +"属性 :attr:`sys.float_info.dig` 需要进一步的解释。 如果 ``s`` 是表示十进制数的字符串，且最多有 " +":attr:`!sys.float_info.dig` 位有效数字，那么将 ``s`` 转换为浮点数再转换回来将恢复为一个表示相同十进制值的字符串::" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:705 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.float_info.dig\n" +"15\n" +">>> s = '3.14159265358979' # decimal string with 15 significant digits\n" +">>> format(float(s), '.15g') # convert to float and back -> same value\n" +"'3.14159265358979'" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.float_info.dig\n" +"15\n" +">>> s = '3.14159265358979' # 有 15 个有效位的十进制小数字节串\n" +">>> format(float(s), '.15g') # 转换为浮点数再转换回来 -> 相同的值\n" +"'3.14159265358979'" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:712 +msgid "" +"But for strings with more than :attr:`sys.float_info.dig` significant " +"digits, this isn't always true::" +msgstr "但是对于超过 :attr:`sys.float_info.dig` 位有效数字的字符串，转换前后并非总是相同::" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:715 +msgid "" +">>> s = '9876543211234567' # 16 significant digits is too many!\n" +">>> format(float(s), '.16g') # conversion changes value\n" +"'9876543211234568'" +msgstr "" +">>> s = '9876543211234567' # 16 个有效位就太多了！\n" +">>> format(float(s), '.16g') # 转换将改变原值\n" +"'9876543211234568'" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:721 +msgid "" +"A string indicating how the :func:`repr` function behaves for floats. If " +"the string has value ``'short'`` then for a finite float ``x``, ``repr(x)`` " +"aims to produce a short string with the property that ``float(repr(x)) == " +"x``. This is the usual behaviour in Python 3.1 and later. Otherwise, " +"``float_repr_style`` has value ``'legacy'`` and ``repr(x)`` behaves in the " +"same way as it did in versions of Python prior to 3.1." +msgstr "" +"一个字符串，反映 :func:`repr` 函数在浮点数上的行为。如果该字符串是 ``'short'``，那么对于（非无穷的）浮点数 " +"``x``，``repr(x)`` 将会生成一个短字符串，满足 ``float(repr(x)) == x`` 的特性。这是 Python 3.1 " +"及更高版本中的常见行为。否则 ``float_repr_style`` 的值将是 ``'legacy'``，此时 ``repr(x)`` 的行为方式将与" +" Python 3.1 之前的版本相同。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:734 +msgid "" +"Return the number of memory blocks currently allocated by the interpreter, " +"regardless of their size. This function is mainly useful for tracking and " +"debugging memory leaks. Because of the interpreter's internal caches, the " +"result can vary from call to call; you may have to call " +":func:`_clear_internal_caches` and :func:`gc.collect` to get more " +"predictable results." +msgstr "" +"返回解释器当前已分配的内存块数，无论它们的大小如何。 此函数主要用于跟踪和调试内存泄漏。 " +"因为解释器有内部缓存，所以不同调用的结果会有变化；你可能需要调用 :func:`_clear_internal_caches` 和 " +":func:`gc.collect` 来获得更可预测的结果。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:741 +msgid "" +"If a Python build or implementation cannot reasonably compute this " +"information, :func:`getallocatedblocks` is allowed to return 0 instead." +msgstr "如果一个 Python 构建或实现无法合理地计算此信息，则允许 :func:`getallocatedblocks` 返回 0。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:749 +msgid "Return the number of unicode objects that have been interned." +msgstr "返回已被处置的 unicode 对象数量。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Return the build-time API level of Android as an integer. This represents " +"the minimum version of Android this build of Python can run on. For runtime " +"version information, see :func:`platform.android_ver`." +msgstr "" +"以一个整数的形式返回 Android 的构建时级别。 这代表此 Python 构建版可运行的最小 Android 版本。 对于运行时版本信息，请查看 " +":func:`platform.android_ver`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:767 +msgid "" +"Return ``'utf-8'``. This is the name of the default string encoding, used in" +" methods like :meth:`str.encode`." +msgstr "返回 ``'utf-8'``。 这是默认字符编码格式的名称，被用于 :meth:`str.encode` 等方法。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:773 +msgid "" +"Return the current value of the flags that are used for :c:func:`dlopen` " +"calls. Symbolic names for the flag values can be found in the :mod:`os` " +"module (:samp:`RTLD_{xxx}` constants, e.g. :const:`os.RTLD_LAZY`)." +msgstr "" +"返回用于 :c:func:`dlopen` 调用的旗标的当前值。 旗标值的符号名称可在 :mod:`os` 模块中找到 " +"(:samp:`RTLD_{xxx}` 常量，例如 :const:`os.RTLD_LAZY`)。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:783 +msgid "" +"Get the :term:`filesystem encoding `:" +" the encoding used with the :term:`filesystem error handler ` to convert between Unicode filenames and bytes " +"filenames. The filesystem error handler is returned from " +":func:`getfilesystemencodeerrors`." +msgstr "" +"获取 :term:`文件系统编码格式 `: 该编码格式与 " +":term:`文件系统错误处理器 ` 一起使用以便在 Unicode " +"文件名和字节文件名之间进行转换。 文件系统错误处理器是从 :func:`getfilesystemencodeerrors` 返回的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:789 +msgid "" +"For best compatibility, str should be used for filenames in all cases, " +"although representing filenames as bytes is also supported. Functions " +"accepting or returning filenames should support either str or bytes and " +"internally convert to the system's preferred representation." +msgstr "" +"为获得最佳兼容性，在任何时候都应使用 str 来表示文件名，尽管使用 bytes 来表示文件名也是受支持的。 接受还返回文件名的函数应当支持 str 或" +" bytes 并在内部将其转换为系统首选的表示形式。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:794 ../../library/sys.rst:822 +msgid "" +":func:`os.fsencode` and :func:`os.fsdecode` should be used to ensure that " +"the correct encoding and errors mode are used." +msgstr "应使用 :func:`os.fsencode` 和 :func:`os.fsdecode` 来保证所采用的编码和错误处理方案都是正确的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:797 ../../library/sys.rst:825 +msgid "" +"The :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` are configured at Python " +"startup by the :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function: see " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` and " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` members of :c:type:`PyConfig`." +msgstr "" +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 是在 Python 启动时通过 " +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` 函数来配置的：请参阅 :c:type:`PyConfig` 的 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` 等成员。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:802 +msgid ":func:`getfilesystemencoding` result cannot be ``None`` anymore." +msgstr ":func:`getfilesystemencoding` 的结果将不再有可能是 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:805 +msgid "" +"Windows is no longer guaranteed to return ``'mbcs'``. See :pep:`529` and " +":func:`_enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` for more information." +msgstr "" +"Windows 不再保证会返回 ``'mbcs'``。详情请参阅 :pep:`529` 和 " +":func:`_enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Return ``'utf-8'`` if the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode ` is enabled." +msgstr "返回 ``'utf-8'``，如果启用了 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` 的话。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:816 +msgid "" +"Get the :term:`filesystem error handler `: the error handler used with the :term:`filesystem encoding " +"` to convert between Unicode " +"filenames and bytes filenames. The filesystem encoding is returned from " +":func:`getfilesystemencoding`." +msgstr "" +"获取 :term:`文件系统错误处理器 `: 该错误处理器与 " +":term:`文件系统编码格式 ` 一起使用以便在 Unicode " +"文件名和字节文件名之间进程转换。 文件系统编码格式是由 :func:`getfilesystemencoding` 来返回的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:834 +msgid "" +"Returns the current value for the :ref:`integer string conversion length " +"limitation `. See also :func:`set_int_max_str_digits`." +msgstr "" +"返回 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 ` 的当前值。 另请参阅 " +":func:`set_int_max_str_digits`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:841 +msgid "" +"Return the reference count of the *object*. The count returned is generally" +" one higher than you might expect, because it includes the (temporary) " +"reference as an argument to :func:`getrefcount`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *object* 的引用计数。返回的计数通常比预期的多一，因为它包括了作为 :func:`getrefcount` 参数的这一次（临时）引用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:845 +msgid "" +"Note that the returned value may not actually reflect how many references to" +" the object are actually held. For example, some objects are " +":term:`immortal` and have a very high refcount that does not reflect the " +"actual number of references. Consequently, do not rely on the returned " +"value to be accurate, other than a value of 0 or 1." +msgstr "" +"请注意返回的值可能并不真正反映实际持有的对象引用数。 例如，有些对象属于 :term:`immortal` 对象并具有并不反映实际引用数的非常高的 " +"refcount 值。 因此，除了 0 或 1 这两个值，不要依赖返回值的准确性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:851 +msgid "" +"Immortal objects have very large refcounts that do not match the actual " +"number of references to the object." +msgstr "永生对象具有与对象的实际引用次数不相符的非常大的引用计数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:857 +msgid "" +"Return the current value of the recursion limit, the maximum depth of the " +"Python interpreter stack. This limit prevents infinite recursion from " +"causing an overflow of the C stack and crashing Python. It can be set by " +":func:`setrecursionlimit`." +msgstr "" +"返回当前的递归限制值，即 Python 解释器堆栈的最大深度。此限制可防止无限递归导致的 C 堆栈溢出和 Python 崩溃。该值可以通过 " +":func:`setrecursionlimit` 设置。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:865 +msgid "" +"Return the size of an object in bytes. The object can be any type of object." +" All built-in objects will return correct results, but this does not have to" +" hold true for third-party extensions as it is implementation specific." +msgstr "返回对象的大小（以字节为单位）。该对象可以是任何类型。所有内建对象返回的结果都是正确的，但对于第三方扩展不一定正确，因为这与具体实现有关。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:870 +msgid "" +"Only the memory consumption directly attributed to the object is accounted " +"for, not the memory consumption of objects it refers to." +msgstr "只计算直接分配给对象的内存消耗，不计算它所引用的对象的内存消耗。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:873 +msgid "" +"If given, *default* will be returned if the object does not provide means to" +" retrieve the size. Otherwise a :exc:`TypeError` will be raised." +msgstr "对象不提供计算大小的方法时，如果传入过 *default* 则返回它，否则抛出 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:876 +msgid "" +":func:`getsizeof` calls the object's ``__sizeof__`` method and adds an " +"additional garbage collector overhead if the object is managed by the " +"garbage collector." +msgstr "" +"如果对象由垃圾回收器管理，则 :func:`getsizeof` 将调用对象的 ``__sizeof__`` 方法，并在上层添加额外的垃圾回收器。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:880 +msgid "" +"See `recursive sizeof recipe " +"`_ for an example of using :func:`getsizeof` " +"recursively to find the size of containers and all their contents." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 `recursive sizeof recipe " +"`_ 获取一个递归地使用 :func:`getsizeof` 来找出各个容器及其全部内容大小的示例。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:886 +msgid "" +"Return the interpreter's \"thread switch interval\" in seconds; see " +":func:`setswitchinterval`." +msgstr "返回解释器的以秒为单位的“线程切换间隔时间”；参见 :func:`setswitchinterval`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:894 +msgid "" +"Return a frame object from the call stack. If optional integer *depth* is " +"given, return the frame object that many calls below the top of the stack. " +"If that is deeper than the call stack, :exc:`ValueError` is raised. The " +"default for *depth* is zero, returning the frame at the top of the call " +"stack." +msgstr "" +"返回来自调用栈的一个帧对象。如果传入可选整数 *depth*，则返回从栈顶往下相应调用层数的帧对象。如果该数比调用栈更深，则抛出 " +":exc:`ValueError`。*depth* 的默认值是 0，返回调用栈顶部的帧。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:899 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sys._getframe`` with argument " +"``frame``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys._getframe`` 并附带参数 ``frame``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:903 ../../library/sys.rst:919 +msgid "" +"This function should be used for internal and specialized purposes only. It " +"is not guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python." +msgstr "这个函数应该只在内部为了一些特定的目的使用。不保证它在所有 Python 实现中都存在。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:909 +msgid "" +"Return the name of a module from the call stack. If optional integer " +"*depth* is given, return the module that many calls below the top of the " +"stack. If that is deeper than the call stack, or if the module is " +"unidentifiable, ``None`` is returned. The default for *depth* is zero, " +"returning the module at the top of the call stack." +msgstr "" +"从调用栈返回一个模块的名称。 如果给出了可选的整数 *depth*，则返回从栈顶往下相应调用层数的模块。 " +"如果该数值比调用栈更深，或者如果该模块不可被标识，则返回 ``None``。 *depth* 的默认值为零，即返回位于调用栈顶端的模块。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:915 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sys._getframemodulename`` with " +"argument ``depth``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys._getframemodulename`` 并附带参数 ``depth``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:925 +msgid "" +"This function only exists if CPython was built using the specialized " +"configure option :option:`--with-trace-refs`. It is intended only for " +"debugging garbage-collection issues." +msgstr "" +"此函数仅当 CPython 使用专门的配置选项 :option:`--with-trace-refs` 构建时才存在。 它仅针对调试垃圾回收问题而设计。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Return a list of up to *limit* dynamically allocated Python objects. If " +"*type* is given, only objects of that exact type (not subtypes) are " +"included." +msgstr "" +"返回由至多 *limit* 个动态分配的 Python 对象组成的列表。 如果给定了 *type*，则仅会包括该特定类型（不包括子类型）的对象。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:933 +msgid "" +"Objects from the list are not safe to use. Specifically, the result will " +"include objects from all interpreters that share their object allocator " +"state (that is, ones created with " +":c:member:`PyInterpreterConfig.use_main_obmalloc` set to 1 or using " +":c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`, and the :ref:`main interpreter `). Mixing objects from different interpreters may lead " +"to crashes or other unexpected behavior." +msgstr "" +"使用来自该列表的对象并不保证安全。 具体来说，该结果将包括来自共享对象分配状态的所有解释器的对象 (即创建时是将 " +":c:member:`PyInterpreterConfig.use_main_obmalloc` 设为 1 或是使用 " +":c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`，以及 :ref:`主解释器 `)。 " +"混合来自不同解释器的对象可能导致程序崩溃或其他非预期的行为。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:944 +msgid "" +"This function should be used for specialized purposes only. It is not " +"guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python." +msgstr "此函数应当仅用于一些特定的目的。 并不保证它在所有 Python 实现中都存在。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:949 +msgid "The result may include objects from other interpreters." +msgstr "结果可能包括来自其他解释器的对象。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:958 +msgid "Get the profiler function as set by :func:`setprofile`." +msgstr "返回由 :func:`setprofile` 设置的性能分析函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:967 +msgid "Get the trace function as set by :func:`settrace`." +msgstr "返回由 :func:`settrace` 设置的跟踪函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:971 +msgid "" +"The :func:`gettrace` function is intended only for implementing debuggers, " +"profilers, coverage tools and the like. Its behavior is part of the " +"implementation platform, rather than part of the language definition, and " +"thus may not be available in all Python implementations." +msgstr "" +":func:`gettrace` 函数仅用于实现调试器，性能分析器，打包工具等。它的行为是实现平台的一部分，而不是语言定义的一部分，因此并非在所有 " +"Python 实现中都可用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:979 +msgid "" +"Return a named tuple describing the Windows version currently running. The " +"named elements are *major*, *minor*, *build*, *platform*, *service_pack*, " +"*service_pack_minor*, *service_pack_major*, *suite_mask*, *product_type* and" +" *platform_version*. *service_pack* contains a string, *platform_version* a " +"3-tuple and all other values are integers. The components can also be " +"accessed by name, so ``sys.getwindowsversion()[0]`` is equivalent to " +"``sys.getwindowsversion().major``. For compatibility with prior versions, " +"only the first 5 elements are retrievable by indexing." +msgstr "" +"返回一个具名元组，描述当前正在运行的 Windows 版本。元素名称包括 *major*, *minor*, *build*, *platform*, " +"*service_pack*, *service_pack_minor*, *service_pack_major*, *suite_mask*, " +"*product_type* 和 *platform_version*。*service_pack* " +"包含一个字符串，*platform_version* 包含一个三元组，其他所有值都是整数。元素也可以通过名称来访问，所以 " +"``sys.getwindowsversion()[0]`` 与 ``sys.getwindowsversion().major`` " +"是等效的。为保持与旧版本的兼容性，只有前 5 个元素可以用索引检索。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:990 +msgid "*platform* will be ``2`` (VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)." +msgstr "*platform* 将为 ``2`` (VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:992 +msgid "*product_type* may be one of the following values:" +msgstr "*product_type* 可能是以下值之一：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:995 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:995 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:997 +msgid "``1`` (VER_NT_WORKSTATION)" +msgstr "``1`` (VER_NT_WORKSTATION)" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:997 +msgid "The system is a workstation." +msgstr "系统是工作站。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:999 +msgid "``2`` (VER_NT_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER)" +msgstr "``2`` (VER_NT_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER)" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:999 +msgid "The system is a domain controller." +msgstr "系统是域控制器。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1002 +msgid "``3`` (VER_NT_SERVER)" +msgstr "``3`` (VER_NT_SERVER)" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1002 +msgid "The system is a server, but not a domain controller." +msgstr "系统是服务器，但不是域控制器。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"This function wraps the Win32 :c:func:`!GetVersionEx` function; see the " +"Microsoft documentation on :c:func:`!OSVERSIONINFOEX` for more information " +"about these fields." +msgstr "" +"该函数包装了 Win32 :c:func:`!GetVersionEx` 函数；有关这些字段的更多信息请参阅 " +":c:func:`!OSVERSIONINFOEX` 的 Microsoft 文档。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"*platform_version* returns the major version, minor version and build number" +" of the current operating system, rather than the version that is being " +"emulated for the process. It is intended for use in logging rather than for " +"feature detection." +msgstr "" +"*platform_version* 返回当前操作系统的主要版本、次要版本和编译版本号，而不是为该进程所模拟的版本。 它旨在用于日志记录而非特性检测。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"*platform_version* derives the version from kernel32.dll which can be of a " +"different version than the OS version. Please use :mod:`platform` module for" +" achieving accurate OS version." +msgstr "" +"*platform_version* 会从 kernel32.dll 获取版本号，这个版本可能与 OS 版本不同。 请使用 " +":mod:`platform` 模块来获取准确的 OS 版本号。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"Changed to a named tuple and added *service_pack_minor*, " +"*service_pack_major*, *suite_mask*, and *product_type*." +msgstr "" +"更改为具名元组，添加 *service_pack_minor*, *service_pack_major*, *suite_mask* 和 " +"*product_type*。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1026 +msgid "Added *platform_version*" +msgstr "添加了 *platform_version*" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"Returns an *asyncgen_hooks* object, which is similar to a " +":class:`~collections.namedtuple` of the form ``(firstiter, finalizer)``, " +"where *firstiter* and *finalizer* are expected to be either ``None`` or " +"functions which take an :term:`asynchronous generator iterator` as an " +"argument, and are used to schedule finalization of an asynchronous generator" +" by an event loop." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 *asyncgen_hooks* 对象，该对象类似于 ``(firstiter, finalizer)`` 形式的 " +":class:`~collections.namedtuple`，其中 *firstiter* 和 *finalizer* 应为 ``None`` " +"或是一个接受 :term:`asynchronous generator iterator` " +"作为参数的函数，并被用来在事件循环中调度异步生成器的最终化。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1039 +msgid "See :pep:`525` for more details." +msgstr "详情请参阅 :pep:`525`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1043 ../../library/sys.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"This function has been added on a provisional basis (see :pep:`411` for " +"details.)" +msgstr "本函数已添加至暂定软件包（详情请参阅 :pep:`411` ）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1049 +msgid "" +"Get the current coroutine origin tracking depth, as set by " +":func:`set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth`." +msgstr "获取由 :func:`set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth` 设置的协程来源的追踪深度。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1055 ../../library/sys.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"This function has been added on a provisional basis (see :pep:`411` for " +"details.) Use it only for debugging purposes." +msgstr "本函数已添加至暂定软件包（详情请参阅 :pep:`411` ）。仅将其用于调试目的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1061 +msgid "" +"A :term:`named tuple` giving parameters of the numeric hash implementation." +" For more details about hashing of numeric types, see :ref:`numeric-hash`." +msgstr "" +"一个 :term:`具名元组 `，给出数字类型的哈希的实现参数。关于数字类型的哈希的详情请参阅 :ref:`numeric-" +"hash`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1067 +msgid "The width in bits used for hash values" +msgstr "用于哈希值的位宽度" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1071 +msgid "The prime modulus P used for numeric hash scheme" +msgstr "用于数字哈案方案的质数模数 P" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1075 +msgid "The hash value returned for a positive infinity" +msgstr "为正无穷大返回的哈希值" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1079 +msgid "(This attribute is no longer used)" +msgstr "（该属性已不再被使用）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1083 +msgid "The multiplier used for the imaginary part of a complex number" +msgstr "用于复数虚部的乘数" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1087 +msgid "The name of the algorithm for hashing of str, bytes, and memoryview" +msgstr "对字符串、字节串和内存视图进行哈希的算法名称" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1091 +msgid "The internal output size of the hash algorithm" +msgstr "哈希算法的内部输出大小" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1095 +msgid "The size of the seed key of the hash algorithm" +msgstr "哈希算法种子密钥的大小" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1099 +msgid "Added *algorithm*, *hash_bits* and *seed_bits*" +msgstr "添加了 *algorithm*, *hash_bits* 和 *seed_bits*" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"The version number encoded as a single integer. This is guaranteed to " +"increase with each version, including proper support for non-production " +"releases. For example, to test that the Python interpreter is at least " +"version 1.5.2, use::" +msgstr "" +"编码为单个整数的版本号。该整数会确保每个版本都自增，其中适当包括了未发布版本。举例来说，要测试 Python 解释器的版本不低于 1.5.2，请使用::" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"if sys.hexversion >= 0x010502F0:\n" +" # use some advanced feature\n" +" ...\n" +"else:\n" +" # use an alternative implementation or warn the user\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"if sys.hexversion >= 0x010502F0:\n" +" # 使用某些高级特性\n" +" ...\n" +"else:\n" +" # 使用替代实现或警告用户\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"This is called ``hexversion`` since it only really looks meaningful when " +"viewed as the result of passing it to the built-in :func:`hex` function. " +"The :term:`named tuple` :data:`sys.version_info` may be used for a more " +"human-friendly encoding of the same information." +msgstr "" +"之所以称它为 ``hexversion``，是因为只有将它传入内置函数 :func:`hex` 后，其结果才看起来有意义。也可以使用 " +":term:`具名元组 ` :data:`sys.version_info`，它对相同信息有着更人性化的编码。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1121 +msgid "More details of ``hexversion`` can be found at :ref:`apiabiversion`." +msgstr "关于 ``hexversion`` 的更多信息可以在 :ref:`apiabiversion` 中找到。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"An object containing information about the implementation of the currently " +"running Python interpreter. The following attributes are required to exist " +"in all Python implementations." +msgstr "一个对象，该对象包含当前运行的 Python 解释器的实现信息。所有 Python 实现中都必须存在下列属性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"*name* is the implementation's identifier, e.g. ``'cpython'``. The actual " +"string is defined by the Python implementation, but it is guaranteed to be " +"lower case." +msgstr "*name* 是当前实现的标识符，如 ``'cpython'``。实际的字符串由 Python 实现定义，但保证是小写字母。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1134 +msgid "" +"*version* is a named tuple, in the same format as :data:`sys.version_info`." +" It represents the version of the Python *implementation*. This has a " +"distinct meaning from the specific version of the Python *language* to which" +" the currently running interpreter conforms, which ``sys.version_info`` " +"represents. For example, for PyPy 1.8 ``sys.implementation.version`` might " +"be ``sys.version_info(1, 8, 0, 'final', 0)``, whereas ``sys.version_info`` " +"would be ``sys.version_info(2, 7, 2, 'final', 0)``. For CPython they are " +"the same value, since it is the reference implementation." +msgstr "" +"*version* 是一个具名元组，格式与 :data:`sys.version_info` 相同。它表示 Python *实现* 的版本。 另一个（由" +" ``sys.version_info`` 表示）是当前解释器遵循的相应 Python *语言* 的版本，两者具有不同的含义。 例如，对于 PyPy " +"1.8，``sys.implementation.version`` 可能是 ``sys.version_info(1, 8, 0, 'final', " +"0)``，而 ``sys.version_info`` 则是 ``sys.version_info(2, 7, 2, 'final', 0)``。对于 " +"CPython 而言两个值是相同的，因为它是参考实现。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"*hexversion* is the implementation version in hexadecimal format, like " +":data:`sys.hexversion`." +msgstr "*hexversion* 是十六进制的实现版本，类似于 :data:`sys.hexversion`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"*cache_tag* is the tag used by the import machinery in the filenames of " +"cached modules. By convention, it would be a composite of the " +"implementation's name and version, like ``'cpython-33'``. However, a Python" +" implementation may use some other value if appropriate. If ``cache_tag`` " +"is set to ``None``, it indicates that module caching should be disabled." +msgstr "" +"*cache_tag* 是导入机制使用的标记，用于已缓存模块的文件名。按照惯例，它将由实现的名称和版本组成，如 " +"``'cpython-33'``。但如果合适，Python 实现可以使用其他值。如果 ``cache_tag`` 被置为 " +"``None``，表示模块缓存已禁用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1154 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.implementation` may contain additional attributes specific to the" +" Python implementation. These non-standard attributes must start with an " +"underscore, and are not described here. Regardless of its contents, " +":data:`sys.implementation` will not change during a run of the interpreter, " +"nor between implementation versions. (It may change between Python language" +" versions, however.) See :pep:`421` for more information." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.implementation` 可能包含相应 Python " +"实现的其他属性。这些非标准属性必须以下划线开头，此处不详细阐述。无论其内容如何，:data:`sys.implementation` " +"在解释器运行期间或不同实现版本之间都不会更改。（但是不同 Python 语言版本间可能会不同。）详情请参阅 :pep:`421`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"The addition of new required attributes must go through the normal PEP " +"process. See :pep:`421` for more information." +msgstr "新的必要属性的添加必须经过常规的 PEP 过程。详情请参阅 :pep:`421`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"A :term:`named tuple` that holds information about Python's internal " +"representation of integers. The attributes are read only." +msgstr "一个 :term:`具名元组 `，包含 Python 内部整数表示形式的信息。这些属性是只读的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1175 +msgid "" +"The number of bits held in each digit. Python integers are stored internally" +" in base ``2**int_info.bits_per_digit``." +msgstr "每个数位占用的比特位数。 Python 整数在内部以 ``2**int_info.bits_per_digit`` 为基数存储。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1180 +msgid "The size in bytes of the C type used to represent a digit." +msgstr "用于表示一个数位的 C 类型的以字节为单位的大小。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"The default value for :func:`sys.get_int_max_str_digits` when it is not " +"otherwise explicitly configured." +msgstr ":func:`sys.get_int_max_str_digits` 在未被显式配置时所使用的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"The minimum non-zero value for :func:`sys.set_int_max_str_digits`, " +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS`, or :option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>`." +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.set_int_max_str_digits`, :envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS` 或 " +":option:`-X int_max_str_digits <-X>` 的最小非零值。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"Added :attr:`~int_info.default_max_str_digits` and " +":attr:`~int_info.str_digits_check_threshold`." +msgstr "" +"添加了 :attr:`~int_info.default_max_str_digits` 和 " +":attr:`~int_info.str_digits_check_threshold`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"When this attribute exists, its value is automatically called (with no " +"arguments) when the interpreter is launched in :ref:`interactive mode `. This is done after the :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file is read," +" so that you can set this hook there. The :mod:`site` module :ref:`sets " +"this `." +msgstr "" +"当本属性存在，则以 :ref:`交互模式 ` 启动解释器时，将自动（不带参数地）调用本属性的值。该过程是在读取 " +":envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` 文件之后完成的，所以可以在该文件中设置这一钩子。:mod:`site` 模块 :ref:`设置了这一属性" +" `。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1208 ../../library/sys.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``cpython.run_interactivehook`` " +"with the hook object as the argument when the hook is called on startup." +msgstr "" +"如果在启动时调用了钩子，则引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` " +"``cpython.run_interactivehook``，附带参数为 hook 对象。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"Enter *string* in the table of \"interned\" strings and return the interned " +"string -- which is *string* itself or a copy. Interning strings is useful to" +" gain a little performance on dictionary lookup -- if the keys in a " +"dictionary are interned, and the lookup key is interned, the key comparisons" +" (after hashing) can be done by a pointer compare instead of a string " +"compare. Normally, the names used in Python programs are automatically " +"interned, and the dictionaries used to hold module, class or instance " +"attributes have interned keys." +msgstr "" +"将 *string* 插入 \"interned\" （驻留）字符串表，返回被插入的字符串 -- 它是 *string* " +"本身或副本。驻留字符串对提高字典查找的性能很有用 -- " +"如果字典中的键已驻留，且所查找的键也已驻留，则键（取散列后）的比较可以用指针代替字符串来比较。通常，Python " +"程序使用到的名称会被自动驻留，且用于保存模块、类或实例属性的字典的键也已驻留。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"Interned strings are not :term:`immortal`; you must keep a reference to the " +"return value of :func:`intern` around to benefit from it." +msgstr "驻留字符串不属于 :term:`immortal` 对象；你必须保留一个对 :func:`intern` 返回值的引用才能发挥其优势。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the :term:`GIL` is enabled and :const:`False` if it " +"is disabled." +msgstr "如果 :term:`GIL` 已启用则返回 :const:`True` 而如果已禁用则返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1240 ../../library/sys.rst:1272 +msgid "It is not guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python." +msgstr "不保证存在于所有的 Python 实现。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the main Python interpreter is :term:`shutting down " +"`. Return :const:`False` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"如果主 Python 解释器 :term:`正在关闭 ` 则返回 :const:`True`。 " +"在其他情况下返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1247 +msgid "See also the :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` exception." +msgstr "另请参阅 :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"This variable is not always defined; it is set to the exception instance " +"when an exception is not handled and the interpreter prints an error message" +" and a stack traceback. Its intended use is to allow an interactive user to" +" import a debugger module and engage in post-mortem debugging without having" +" to re-execute the command that caused the error. (Typical use is ``import " +"pdb; pdb.pm()`` to enter the post-mortem debugger; see :mod:`pdb` module for" +" more information.)" +msgstr "" +"该变量并非总是会被定义；当有未处理的异常时它将被设为相应的异常实例并且解释器将打印异常消息和栈回溯。它的预期用途是允许交互用户导入调试器模块并进行事后调试而不必重新运行导致了错误的命令。" +" （典型用法是执行 ``import pdb; pdb.pm()`` 来进入事后调试器；请参阅 :mod:`pdb` 了解详情。）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if the given string is \"interned\", :const:`False` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "如果给定的字符串为“驻留字符串”则返回 :const:`True`，在其他情况下返回 :const:`False`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1279 +msgid "" +"These three variables are deprecated; use :data:`sys.last_exc` instead. They" +" hold the legacy representation of ``sys.last_exc``, as returned from " +":func:`exc_info` above." +msgstr "" +"这三个变量已被弃用；请改用 :data:`sys.last_exc`。 它们将保存 ``sys.last_exc`` 的旧表示形式，如上面 " +":func:`exc_info` 所返回的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1285 +msgid "" +"An integer giving the maximum value a variable of type :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` " +"can take. It's usually ``2**31 - 1`` on a 32-bit platform and ``2**63 - 1``" +" on a 64-bit platform." +msgstr "" +"一个整数，表示 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 类型的变量可以取到的最大值。在 32 位平台上通常为 ``2**31 - 1``，在 64 " +"位平台上通常为 ``2**63 - 1``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"An integer giving the value of the largest Unicode code point, i.e. " +"``1114111`` (``0x10FFFF`` in hexadecimal)." +msgstr "一个整数，表示最大的 Unicode 码点值，如 ``1114111`` （十六进制为 ``0x10FFFF`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1295 +msgid "" +"Before :pep:`393`, ``sys.maxunicode`` used to be either ``0xFFFF`` or " +"``0x10FFFF``, depending on the configuration option that specified whether " +"Unicode characters were stored as UCS-2 or UCS-4." +msgstr "" +"在 :pep:`393` 之前，``sys.maxunicode`` 曾是 ``0xFFFF`` 或 " +"``0x10FFFF``，具体取决于配置选项，该选项指定将 Unicode 字符存储为 UCS-2 还是 UCS-4。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"A list of :term:`meta path finder` objects that have their " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` methods called to see if one" +" of the objects can find the module to be imported. By default, it holds " +"entries that implement Python's default import semantics. The " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method is called with at " +"least the absolute name of the module being imported. If the module to be " +"imported is contained in a package, then the parent package's " +":attr:`~module.__path__` attribute is passed in as a second argument. The " +"method returns a :term:`module spec`, or ``None`` if the module cannot be " +"found." +msgstr "" +"一个由 :term:`meta path finder` 对象组成的列表，这些对象的 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 方法将会被调用以确定其中的某个对象能否找到要导入的模块。" +" 在默认情况下，它将存放实现了 Python 默认导入语法的条目。 调用 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 方法至少要附带待导入模块的绝对名称。 " +"如果待导入模块包含在一个包中，则父包的 :attr:`~module.__path__` 属性将作为第二个参数被传入。 此方法将返回一个 " +":term:`module spec`，或者如果找不到模块则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1316 +msgid ":class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"The abstract base class defining the interface of finder objects on " +":data:`meta_path`." +msgstr "抽象基类，定义了 :data:`meta_path` 内的查找器对象的接口。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1319 +msgid ":class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1320 +msgid "" +"The concrete class which :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` " +"should return instances of." +msgstr ":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 返回的实例所对应的具体类。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1326 +msgid "" +":term:`Module specs ` were introduced in Python 3.4, by " +":pep:`451`." +msgstr ":term:`模块规格说明 ` 是在 Python 3.4 中根据 :pep:`451` 引入的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"Removed the fallback that looked for a :meth:`!find_module` method if a " +":data:`meta_path` entry didn't have a " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method." +msgstr "" +"移除了当 :data:`meta_path` 条目没有 :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` " +"方法时查找 :meth:`!find_module` 方法的回调。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"This is a dictionary that maps module names to modules which have already " +"been loaded. This can be manipulated to force reloading of modules and " +"other tricks. However, replacing the dictionary will not necessarily work as" +" expected and deleting essential items from the dictionary may cause Python " +"to fail. If you want to iterate over this global dictionary always use " +"``sys.modules.copy()`` or ``tuple(sys.modules)`` to avoid exceptions as its " +"size may change during iteration as a side effect of code or activity in " +"other threads." +msgstr "" +"这是一个字典，它将模块名称映射到已经被加载的模块。 " +"这可以被操纵来强制重新加载模块和其他技巧。然而，替换这个字典不一定会像预期的那样工作，从字典中删除重要的项目可能会导致 Python 出错。 " +"如果你想对这个全局字典进行迭代，一定要使用 ``sys.modules.copy()`` 或 ``tuple(sys.modules)`` " +"来避免异常，因为它的大小在迭代过程中可能会因为其他线程中的代码或活动的副作用而改变。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1349 +msgid "" +"The list of the original command line arguments passed to the Python " +"executable." +msgstr "传给 Python 可执行文件的原始命令行参数列表。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"The elements of :data:`sys.orig_argv` are the arguments to the Python " +"interpreter, while the elements of :data:`sys.argv` are the arguments to the" +" user's program. Arguments consumed by the interpreter itself will be " +"present in :data:`sys.orig_argv` and missing from :data:`sys.argv`." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.orig_argv` 中的元素是传给 Python 解释器的参数，而 :data:`sys.argv` " +"中的元素则是传给用户程序的参数。 解释器本身所使用的参数将出现在 :data:`sys.orig_argv` 中而不会出现在 " +":data:`sys.argv` 中。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1364 +msgid "" +"A list of strings that specifies the search path for modules. Initialized " +"from the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`, plus an installation-" +"dependent default." +msgstr "" +"一个由字符串组成的列表，用于指定模块的搜索路径。初始化自环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`，再加上一条与安装有关的默认路径。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1368 +msgid "" +"By default, as initialized upon program startup, a potentially unsafe path " +"is prepended to :data:`sys.path` (*before* the entries inserted as a result " +"of :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`):" +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，如在程序启动时被初始化的时候，会有潜在的不安全路径被添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的开头 (在作为的 " +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 结果被插入的条目 *之前* 位置):" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1372 +msgid "" +"``python -m module`` command line: prepend the current working directory." +msgstr "``python -m module`` 命令行：添加当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1374 +msgid "" +"``python script.py`` command line: prepend the script's directory. If it's a" +" symbolic link, resolve symbolic links." +msgstr "``python script.py`` 命令行：添加脚本的目录。 如果是一个符号链接，则会解析符号链接。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"``python -c code`` and ``python`` (REPL) command lines: prepend an empty " +"string, which means the current working directory." +msgstr "``python -c code`` 和 ``python`` (REPL) 命令行：添加一个空字符串，这表示当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"To not prepend this potentially unsafe path, use the :option:`-P` command " +"line option or the :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"如果不想添加这个具有潜在不安全性的路径，请使用 :option:`-P` 命令行选项或 :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"A program is free to modify this list for its own purposes. Only strings " +"should be added to :data:`sys.path`; all other data types are ignored during" +" import." +msgstr "程序可以出于自己的目的随意修改此列表。 应当只将字符串添加到 :data:`sys.path` 中；所有其他数据类型都将在导入期间被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"Module :mod:`site` This describes how to use .pth files to extend " +":data:`sys.path`." +msgstr ":mod:`site` 模块，该模块描述了如何使用 .pth 文件来扩展 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"A list of callables that take a path argument to try to create a " +":term:`finder` for the path. If a finder can be created, it is to be " +"returned by the callable, else raise :exc:`ImportError`." +msgstr "" +"一个由可调用对象组成的列表，这些对象接受一个路径作为参数，并尝试为该路径创建一个 :term:`查找器 " +"`。如果成功创建查找器，则可调用对象将返回它，否则将引发 :exc:`ImportError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1397 ../../library/sys.rst:1408 +msgid "Originally specified in :pep:`302`." +msgstr "本特性最早在 :pep:`302` 中被提及。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"A dictionary acting as a cache for :term:`finder` objects. The keys are " +"paths that have been passed to :data:`sys.path_hooks` and the values are the" +" finders that are found. If a path is a valid file system path but no finder" +" is found on :data:`sys.path_hooks` then ``None`` is stored." +msgstr "" +"一个字典，作为 :term:`查找器 ` 对象的缓存。key 是传入 :data:`sys.path_hooks` 的路径，value " +"是相应已找到的查找器。如果路径是有效的文件系统路径，但在 :data:`sys.path_hooks` 中未找到查找器，则存入 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1413 +msgid "A string containing a platform identifier. Known values are:" +msgstr "一个包含平台标识的字符串。 已知的值有：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1416 +msgid "System" +msgstr "系统" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1416 +msgid "``platform`` value" +msgstr "``平台`` 值" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1418 +msgid "AIX" +msgstr "AIX" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1418 +msgid "``'aix'``" +msgstr "``'aix'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1419 +msgid "Android" +msgstr "Android" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1419 +msgid "``'android'``" +msgstr "``'android'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1420 +msgid "Emscripten" +msgstr "Emscripten" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1420 +msgid "``'emscripten'``" +msgstr "``'emscripten'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1421 +msgid "iOS" +msgstr "iOS" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1421 +msgid "``'ios'``" +msgstr "``'ios'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1422 +msgid "Linux" +msgstr "Linux" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1422 +msgid "``'linux'``" +msgstr "``'linux'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1423 +msgid "macOS" +msgstr "macOS" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1423 +msgid "``'darwin'``" +msgstr "``'darwin'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1424 +msgid "Windows" +msgstr "Windows" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1424 +msgid "``'win32'``" +msgstr "``'win32'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1425 +msgid "Windows/Cygwin" +msgstr "Windows/Cygwin" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1425 +msgid "``'cygwin'``" +msgstr "``'cygwin'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1426 +msgid "WASI" +msgstr "WASI" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1426 +msgid "``'wasi'``" +msgstr "``'wasi'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"On Unix systems not listed in the table, the value is the lowercased OS name" +" as returned by ``uname -s``, with the first part of the version as returned" +" by ``uname -r`` appended, e.g. ``'sunos5'`` or ``'freebsd8'``, *at the time" +" when Python was built*. Unless you want to test for a specific system " +"version, it is therefore recommended to use the following idiom::" +msgstr "" +"对于未在表中列出的 Unix 系统，该值是 ``uname -s`` 所返回的小写形式 OS 名称，并附加 ``uname -r`` " +"所返回的版本号的第一部分，例如 ``'sunos5'`` 或 ``'freebsd8'``，*对应 Python 被构建的时间*。 " +"除非你想要检测特定的系统版本，否则建议使用以下惯例::" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"if sys.platform.startswith('freebsd'):\n" +" # FreeBSD-specific code here..." +msgstr "" +"if sys.platform.startswith('freebsd'):\n" +" # 在此添加 FreeBSD 专属的代码..." + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1438 +msgid "" +"On Linux, :data:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. It" +" is always ``'linux'``, instead of ``'linux2'`` or ``'linux3'``." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 上，:data:`sys.platform` 将不再包含主版本号。 它将始终为 ``'linux'``，而不是 ``'linux2'``" +" 或 ``'linux3'``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1442 +msgid "" +"On AIX, :data:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. It " +"is always ``'aix'``, instead of ``'aix5'`` or ``'aix7'``." +msgstr "" +"在 AIX 上，:data:`sys.platform` 将不再包含主版本号。 它将始终为 ``'aix'``，而不是 ``'aix5'`` 或 " +"``'aix7'``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1446 +msgid "" +"On Android, :data:`sys.platform` now returns ``'android'`` rather than " +"``'linux'``." +msgstr "在 Android 上，:data:`sys.platform` 现在将返回 ``'android'`` 而不是 ``'linux'``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1452 +msgid "" +":data:`os.name` has a coarser granularity. :func:`os.uname` gives system-" +"dependent version information." +msgstr ":data:`os.name` 具有更粗的粒度。 :func:`os.uname` 将给出依赖于具体系统的版本信息。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1455 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`platform` module provides detailed checks for the system's " +"identity." +msgstr ":mod:`platform` 模块对系统的标识有更详细的检查。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1461 +msgid "" +"Name of the platform-specific library directory. It is used to build the " +"path of standard library and the paths of installed extension modules." +msgstr "平台专用库目录。用于构建标准库的路径和已安装扩展模块的路径。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1464 +msgid "" +"It is equal to ``\"lib\"`` on most platforms. On Fedora and SuSE, it is " +"equal to ``\"lib64\"`` on 64-bit platforms which gives the following " +"``sys.path`` paths (where ``X.Y`` is the Python ``major.minor`` version):" +msgstr "" +"在大多数平台上，它等同于 ``\"lib\"`` 。在 Fedora 和 SuSE 上，它等同于给出了以下 ``sys.path`` 路径的 64 " +"位平台上的 ``\"lib64\"`` （其中 ``X.Y`` 是 Python 的 ``major.minor`` 版本）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"``/usr/lib64/pythonX.Y/``: Standard library (like ``os.py`` of the :mod:`os`" +" module)" +msgstr "``/usr/lib64/pythonX.Y/``：标准库（如 :mod:`os` 模块的 ``os.py`` ）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1470 +msgid "" +"``/usr/lib64/pythonX.Y/lib-dynload/``: C extension modules of the standard " +"library (like the :mod:`errno` module, the exact filename is platform " +"specific)" +msgstr "" +"``/usr/lib64/pythonX.Y/lib-dynload/``：标准库的 C 扩展模块（如 :mod:`errno` " +"模块，确切的文件名取决于平台）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1473 +msgid "" +"``/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/`` (always use ``lib``, not " +":data:`sys.platlibdir`): Third-party modules" +msgstr "" +"``/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/`` (请使用 ``lib``, 而非 " +":data:`sys.platlibdir`): 第三方模块" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1475 +msgid "" +"``/usr/lib64/pythonX.Y/site-packages/``: C extension modules of third-party " +"packages" +msgstr "``/usr/lib64/pythonX.Y/site-packages/``: 第三方包的 C 扩展模块" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1483 +msgid "" +"A string giving the site-specific directory prefix where the platform " +"independent Python files are installed; on Unix, the default is " +":file:`/usr/local`. This can be set at build time with the " +":option:`--prefix` argument to the :program:`configure` script. See " +":ref:`installation_paths` for derived paths." +msgstr "" +"一个指定用于安装与平台无关的 Python 文件的站点专属目录前缀的字符串；在 Unix 上，默认为 :file:`/usr/local`。 " +"这可以在构建时通过将 :option:`--prefix` 参数传入 :program:`configure` 脚本来设置。 请参阅 " +":ref:`installation_paths` 了解衍生的路径。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"If a :ref:`virtual environment ` is in effect, this value will be " +"changed in ``site.py`` to point to the virtual environment. The value for " +"the Python installation will still be available, via :data:`base_prefix`." +msgstr "" +"如果在一个 :ref:`虚拟环境 ` 中，那么该值将在 ``site.py`` 中被修改，指向虚拟环境。Python " +"安装位置仍然可以用 :data:`base_prefix` 来获取。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"Strings specifying the primary and secondary prompt of the interpreter. " +"These are only defined if the interpreter is in interactive mode. Their " +"initial values in this case are ``'>>> '`` and ``'... '``. If a non-string " +"object is assigned to either variable, its :func:`str` is re-evaluated each " +"time the interpreter prepares to read a new interactive command; this can be" +" used to implement a dynamic prompt." +msgstr "" +"字符串，指定解释器的首要和次要提示符。仅当解释器处于交互模式时，它们才有定义。这种情况下，它们的初值为 ``'>>> '`` 和 ``'... " +"'``。如果赋给其中某个变量的是非字符串对象，则每次解释器准备读取新的交互式命令时，都会重新运行该对象的 " +":func:`str`，这可以用来实现动态的提示符。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"Set the flags used by the interpreter for :c:func:`dlopen` calls, such as " +"when the interpreter loads extension modules. Among other things, this will" +" enable a lazy resolving of symbols when importing a module, if called as " +"``sys.setdlopenflags(0)``. To share symbols across extension modules, call " +"as ``sys.setdlopenflags(os.RTLD_GLOBAL)``. Symbolic names for the flag " +"values can be found in the :mod:`os` module (:samp:`RTLD_{xxx}` constants, " +"e.g. :const:`os.RTLD_LAZY`)." +msgstr "" +"设置解释器在调用 :c:func:`dlopen` 时使用的旗标，例如当解释器加载扩展模块的时候。 首先，如果以 " +"``sys.setdlopenflags(0)`` 的形式调用的话这将在导入模块时启用符号的惰性求值。 要在扩展模块之间共享符号，请以 " +"``sys.setdlopenflags(os.RTLD_GLOBAL)`` 的形式调用。 旗标志值的符号名称可以在 :mod:`os` 模块中找到 " +"(:samp:`RTLD_{xxx}` 常量，例如 :const:`os.RTLD_LAZY`)。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1526 +msgid "" +"Set the :ref:`integer string conversion length limitation " +"` used by this interpreter. See also " +":func:`get_int_max_str_digits`." +msgstr "" +"设置解释器所使用的 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 `。 另请参阅 " +":func:`get_int_max_str_digits`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1538 +msgid "" +"Set the system's profile function, which allows you to implement a Python " +"source code profiler in Python. See chapter :ref:`profile` for more " +"information on the Python profiler. The system's profile function is called" +" similarly to the system's trace function (see :func:`settrace`), but it is " +"called with different events, for example it isn't called for each executed " +"line of code (only on call and return, but the return event is reported even" +" when an exception has been set). The function is thread-specific, but there" +" is no way for the profiler to know about context switches between threads, " +"so it does not make sense to use this in the presence of multiple threads. " +"Also, its return value is not used, so it can simply return ``None``. Error" +" in the profile function will cause itself unset." +msgstr "" +"设置系统的性能分析函数，该函数使得在 Py​​thon 中能够实现一个 Python 源代码性能分析器。关于 Python Profiler " +"的更多信息请参阅 :ref:`profile` 章节。性能分析函数的调用方式类似于系统的跟踪函数（参阅 :func:`settrace` " +"），但它是通过不同的事件调用的，例如，不是每执行一行代码就调用它一次（仅在调用某函数和从某函数返回时才会调用性能分析函数，但即使某函数发生异常也会算作返回事件）。该函数是特定于单个线程的，但是性能分析器无法得知线程之间的上下文切换，因此在存在多个线程的情况下使用它是没有意义的。另外，因为它的返回值不会被用到，所以可以简单地返回" +" ``None``。性能分析函数中的错误将导致其自身被解除设置。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1550 +msgid "" +"The same tracing mechanism is used for :func:`!setprofile` as " +":func:`settrace`. To trace calls with :func:`!setprofile` inside a tracing " +"function (e.g. in a debugger breakpoint), see :func:`call_tracing`." +msgstr "" +":func:`!setprofile` 使用与 :func:`settrace` 相同的跟踪机制。 要在跟踪函数内部使用 " +":func:`!setprofile` 来跟踪调用（例如在调试器断点内），请参阅 :func:`call_tracing`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"Profile functions should have three arguments: *frame*, *event*, and *arg*. " +"*frame* is the current stack frame. *event* is a string: ``'call'``, " +"``'return'``, ``'c_call'``, ``'c_return'``, or ``'c_exception'``. *arg* " +"depends on the event type." +msgstr "" +"性能分析函数应接收三个参数：*frame*、*event* 和 *arg*。*frame* 是当前的堆栈帧。*event* " +"是一个字符串：``'call'``、``'return'``、``'c_call'``、``'c_return'`` 或 " +"``'c_exception'``。*arg* 取决于事件类型。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1559 ../../library/sys.rst:1646 +msgid "The events have the following meaning:" +msgstr "这些事件具有以下含义：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1561 ../../library/sys.rst:1648 +msgid "``'call'``" +msgstr "``'call'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1562 +msgid "" +"A function is called (or some other code block entered). The profile " +"function is called; *arg* is ``None``." +msgstr "表示调用了某个函数（或进入了其他的代码块）。性能分析函数将被调用，*arg* 为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1565 ../../library/sys.rst:1663 +msgid "``'return'``" +msgstr "``'return'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1566 +msgid "" +"A function (or other code block) is about to return. The profile function " +"is called; *arg* is the value that will be returned, or ``None`` if the " +"event is caused by an exception being raised." +msgstr "" +"表示某个函数（或别的代码块）即将返回。性能分析函数将被调用，*arg* 是即将返回的值，如果此次返回事件是由于抛出异常，*arg* 为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1570 +msgid "``'c_call'``" +msgstr "``'c_call'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1571 +msgid "" +"A C function is about to be called. This may be an extension function or a " +"built-in. *arg* is the C function object." +msgstr "表示即将调用某个 C 函数。它可能是扩展函数或是内建函数。*arg* 是 C 函数对象。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1574 +msgid "``'c_return'``" +msgstr "``'c_return'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1575 +msgid "A C function has returned. *arg* is the C function object." +msgstr "表示返回了某个 C 函数。*arg* 是 C 函数对象。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1577 +msgid "``'c_exception'``" +msgstr "``'c_exception'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1578 +msgid "A C function has raised an exception. *arg* is the C function object." +msgstr "表示某个 C 函数抛出了异常。*arg* 是 C 函数对象。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sys.setprofile`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys.setprofile``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1585 +msgid "" +"Set the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack to *limit*. This " +"limit prevents infinite recursion from causing an overflow of the C stack " +"and crashing Python." +msgstr "将 Python 解释器堆栈的最大深度设置为 *limit*。此限制可防止无限递归导致的 C 堆栈溢出和 Python 崩溃。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1589 +msgid "" +"The highest possible limit is platform-dependent. A user may need to set " +"the limit higher when they have a program that requires deep recursion and a" +" platform that supports a higher limit. This should be done with care, " +"because a too-high limit can lead to a crash." +msgstr "" +"不同平台所允许的最高限值不同。当用户有需要深度递归的程序且平台支持更高的限值，可能就需要调高限值。进行该操作需要谨慎，因为过高的限值可能会导致崩溃。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1594 +msgid "" +"If the new limit is too low at the current recursion depth, a " +":exc:`RecursionError` exception is raised." +msgstr "如果新的限值低于当前的递归深度，将抛出 :exc:`RecursionError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1597 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`RecursionError` exception is now raised if the new limit is too low " +"at the current recursion depth." +msgstr "如果新的限值低于当前的递归深度，现在将抛出 :exc:`RecursionError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1604 +msgid "" +"Set the interpreter's thread switch interval (in seconds). This floating-" +"point value determines the ideal duration of the \"timeslices\" allocated to" +" concurrently running Python threads. Please note that the actual value can" +" be higher, especially if long-running internal functions or methods are " +"used. Also, which thread becomes scheduled at the end of the interval is " +"the operating system's decision. The interpreter doesn't have its own " +"scheduler." +msgstr "" +"设置解释器的线程切换间隔时间（单位为秒）。该浮点数决定了“时间片”的理想持续时间，时间片将分配给同时运行的 Python " +"线程。请注意，实际值可能更高，尤其是使用了运行时间长的内部函数或方法时。同时，在时间间隔末尾调度哪个线程是操作系统的决定。解释器没有自己的调度程序。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1621 +msgid "" +"Set the system's trace function, which allows you to implement a Python " +"source code debugger in Python. The function is thread-specific; for a " +"debugger to support multiple threads, it must register a trace function " +"using :func:`settrace` for each thread being debugged or use " +":func:`threading.settrace`." +msgstr "" +"设置系统的跟踪函数，使得用户在 Python 中就可以实现 Python " +"源代码调试器。该函数是特定于单个线程的，所以要让调试器支持多线程，必须为正在调试的每个线程都用 :func:`settrace` " +"注册一个跟踪函数，或使用 :func:`threading.settrace`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1626 +msgid "" +"Trace functions should have three arguments: *frame*, *event*, and *arg*. " +"*frame* is the current stack frame. *event* is a string: ``'call'``, " +"``'line'``, ``'return'``, ``'exception'`` or ``'opcode'``. *arg* depends on" +" the event type." +msgstr "" +"跟踪函数应接收三个参数：*frame*、*event* 和 *arg*。*frame* 是当前的堆栈帧。*event* " +"是一个字符串：``'call'``、``'line'``、``'return'``、``'exception'`` 或 " +"``'opcode'``。*arg* 取决于事件类型。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1631 +msgid "" +"The trace function is invoked (with *event* set to ``'call'``) whenever a " +"new local scope is entered; it should return a reference to a local trace " +"function to be used for the new scope, or ``None`` if the scope shouldn't be" +" traced." +msgstr "" +"每次进入 trace 函数的新的局部作用范围，都会调用 trace 函数（ *event* 会被设置为 ``'call'`` " +"），它应该返回一个引用，指向即将用在新作用范围上的局部跟踪函数；如果不需要跟踪当前的作用范围，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1636 +msgid "" +"The local trace function should return a reference to itself, or to another " +"function which would then be used as the local trace function for the scope." +msgstr "本地跟踪函数应返回对自身的引用，或对另一个函数的引用然后将其用作本作用域的局部跟踪函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1639 +msgid "" +"If there is any error occurred in the trace function, it will be unset, just" +" like ``settrace(None)`` is called." +msgstr "如果跟踪函数出错，则该跟踪函数将被取消设置，类似于调用 ``settrace(None)``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1643 +msgid "" +"Tracing is disabled while calling the trace function (e.g. a function set by" +" :func:`!settrace`). For recursive tracing see :func:`call_tracing`." +msgstr "" +"在调用跟踪函数（例如由 :func:`!settrace` 设置的函数）时将禁用跟踪。 有关递归跟踪请参阅 :func:`call_tracing`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1649 +msgid "" +"A function is called (or some other code block entered). The global trace " +"function is called; *arg* is ``None``; the return value specifies the local " +"trace function." +msgstr "表示调用了某个函数（或进入了其他的代码块）。全局跟踪函数将被调用，*arg* 为 ``None``。返回值将指定局部跟踪函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1653 +msgid "``'line'``" +msgstr "``'line'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1654 +msgid "" +"The interpreter is about to execute a new line of code or re-execute the " +"condition of a loop. The local trace function is called; *arg* is ``None``;" +" the return value specifies the new local trace function. See " +":file:`Objects/lnotab_notes.txt` for a detailed explanation of how this " +"works. Per-line events may be disabled for a frame by setting " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` to :const:`False` on that :ref:`frame `." +msgstr "" +"解释器即将执行一个新的代码行或重新执行一个循环的条件。 局部跟踪函数将被调用；*arg* 为 ``None``；其返回值将指定新的局部跟踪函数。 请参阅" +" :file:`Objects/lnotab_notes.txt` 查看有关其工作原理的详细说明。 可以通过在某个 :ref:`帧 ` 上把 :attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` 设为 :const:`False` 来禁用相应帧的每行触发事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1664 +msgid "" +"A function (or other code block) is about to return. The local trace " +"function is called; *arg* is the value that will be returned, or ``None`` if" +" the event is caused by an exception being raised. The trace function's " +"return value is ignored." +msgstr "" +"表示某个函数（或别的代码块）即将返回。局部跟踪函数将被调用，*arg* 是即将返回的值，如果此次返回事件是由于抛出异常，*arg* 为 " +"``None``。跟踪函数的返回值将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1669 +msgid "``'exception'``" +msgstr "``'exception'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1670 +msgid "" +"An exception has occurred. The local trace function is called; *arg* is a " +"tuple ``(exception, value, traceback)``; the return value specifies the new " +"local trace function." +msgstr "" +"表示发生了某个异常。局部跟踪函数将被调用，*arg* 是一个 ``(exception, value, traceback)`` " +"元组，返回值将指定新的局部跟踪函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1674 +msgid "``'opcode'``" +msgstr "``'opcode'``" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1675 +msgid "" +"The interpreter is about to execute a new opcode (see :mod:`dis` for opcode " +"details). The local trace function is called; *arg* is ``None``; the return" +" value specifies the new local trace function. Per-opcode events are not " +"emitted by default: they must be explicitly requested by setting " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` to :const:`True` on the :ref:`frame `." +msgstr "" +"解释器即将执行一个新的操作码（请参阅 :mod:`dis` 了解有关操作码的详情）。 局部跟踪函数将被调用；*arg* 为 " +"``None``；共返回值将指定新的局部跟踪函数。 在默认情况下不会发出每个操作码触发事件：必须通过在某个 :ref:`帧 ` 上把 :attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` 设为 :const:`True` 来显式地发出请求。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1682 +msgid "" +"Note that as an exception is propagated down the chain of callers, an " +"``'exception'`` event is generated at each level." +msgstr "注意，由于异常是在链式调用中传播的，所以每一级都会产生一个 ``'exception'`` 事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"For more fine-grained usage, it's possible to set a trace function by " +"assigning ``frame.f_trace = tracefunc`` explicitly, rather than relying on " +"it being set indirectly via the return value from an already installed trace" +" function. This is also required for activating the trace function on the " +"current frame, which :func:`settrace` doesn't do. Note that in order for " +"this to work, a global tracing function must have been installed with " +":func:`settrace` in order to enable the runtime tracing machinery, but it " +"doesn't need to be the same tracing function (e.g. it could be a low " +"overhead tracing function that simply returns ``None`` to disable itself " +"immediately on each frame)." +msgstr "" +"更细微的用法是，可以显式地通过赋值 ``frame.f_trace = tracefunc`` " +"来设置跟踪函数，而不是用现有跟踪函数的返回值去间接设置它。当前帧上的跟踪函数必须激活，而 :func:`settrace` " +"还没有做这件事。注意，为了使上述设置起效，必须使用 :func:`settrace` " +"来安装全局跟踪函数才能启用运行时跟踪机制，但是它不必与上述是同一个跟踪函数（它可以是一个开销很低的跟踪函数，只返回 " +"``None``，即在各个帧上立即将其自身禁用）。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1696 +msgid "For more information on code and frame objects, refer to :ref:`types`." +msgstr "关于代码对象和帧对象的更多信息请参考 :ref:`types`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1698 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``sys.settrace`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys.settrace``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1702 +msgid "" +"The :func:`settrace` function is intended only for implementing debuggers, " +"profilers, coverage tools and the like. Its behavior is part of the " +"implementation platform, rather than part of the language definition, and " +"thus may not be available in all Python implementations." +msgstr "" +":func:`settrace` 函数仅用于实现调试器，性能分析器，打包工具等。它的行为是实现平台的一部分，而不是语言定义的一部分，因此并非在所有 " +"Python 实现中都可用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1709 +msgid "" +"``'opcode'`` event type added; :attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` and " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` attributes added to frames" +msgstr "" +"添加了 ``'opcode'`` 事件类型；为帧添加了 :attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` 和 " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` 属性" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1714 +msgid "" +"Accepts two optional keyword arguments which are callables that accept an " +":term:`asynchronous generator iterator` as an argument. The *firstiter* " +"callable will be called when an asynchronous generator is iterated for the " +"first time. The *finalizer* will be called when an asynchronous generator is" +" about to be garbage collected." +msgstr "" +"接受两个可选的关键字参数，要求它们是可调用对象，且接受一个 :term:`异步生成器迭代器 ` 作为参数。*firstiter* 对象将在异步生成器第一次迭代时调用。*finalizer* 将在异步生成器即将被销毁时调用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1720 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``sys.set_asyncgen_hooks_firstiter`` with no arguments." +msgstr "" +"引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys.set_asyncgen_hooks_firstiter``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``sys.set_asyncgen_hooks_finalizer`` with no arguments." +msgstr "" +"引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``sys.set_asyncgen_hooks_finalizer``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1724 +msgid "" +"Two auditing events are raised because the underlying API consists of two " +"calls, each of which must raise its own event." +msgstr "之所以会引发两个审计事件，是因为底层的 API 由两个调用组成，每个调用都须要引发自己的事件。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1727 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`525` for more details, and for a reference example of a " +"*finalizer* method see the implementation of " +"``asyncio.Loop.shutdown_asyncgens`` in :source:`Lib/asyncio/base_events.py`" +msgstr "" +"更多详情请参阅 :pep:`525`，*finalizer* 方法的参考示例可参阅 " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_events.py` 中 ``asyncio.Loop.shutdown_asyncgens`` " +"的实现。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"Allows enabling or disabling coroutine origin tracking. When enabled, the " +"``cr_origin`` attribute on coroutine objects will contain a tuple of " +"(filename, line number, function name) tuples describing the traceback where" +" the coroutine object was created, with the most recent call first. When " +"disabled, ``cr_origin`` will be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"允许启用或禁用协程溯源。 当启用时，协程对象上的 ``cr_origin`` 属性将包含一个由 (文件名, 行号, 函数名) " +"元组组成的元组，它描述了协程对象自创建以来的回溯信息，最近的调用在最上面。 当禁用时，``cr_origin`` 将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1746 +msgid "" +"To enable, pass a *depth* value greater than zero; this sets the number of " +"frames whose information will be captured. To disable, pass set *depth* to " +"zero." +msgstr "要启用，请向 *depth* 传递一个大于零的值，它指定了有多少帧将被捕获信息。要禁用，请将 *depth* 置为零。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1750 +msgid "This setting is thread-specific." +msgstr "该设置是特定于单个线程的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1760 +msgid "" +"Activate the stack profiler trampoline *backend*. The only supported backend" +" is ``\"perf\"``." +msgstr "激活栈性能分析器 trampoline *backend*。 唯一受支持的后端是 ``\"perf\"``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1769 +msgid ":ref:`perf_profiling`" +msgstr ":ref:`perf_profiling`" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1770 +msgid "https://perf.wiki.kernel.org" +msgstr "https://perf.wiki.kernel.org" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1774 +msgid "Deactivate the current stack profiler trampoline backend." +msgstr "取消激活当前的栈性能分析器 trampoline 后端。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1776 +msgid "If no stack profiler is activated, this function has no effect." +msgstr "如果没有激活的栈性能分析器，此函数将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1784 +msgid "Return ``True`` if a stack profiler trampoline is active." +msgstr "如果激活了栈性能分析器 trampoline 则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"Changes the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` to 'mbcs' and " +"'replace' respectively, for consistency with versions of Python prior to " +"3.6." +msgstr "" +"将 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 分别修改为 'mbcs' 和 'replace'，以便与" +" 3.6 之前版本的 Python 保持一致。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to defining the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` " +"environment variable before launching Python." +msgstr "这等同于在启动 Python 前先定义好 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"See also :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` and " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors`." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` 和 " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"Changing the filesystem encoding after Python startup is risky because the " +"old fsencoding or paths encoded by the old fsencoding may be cached " +"somewhere. Use :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` instead." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 启动后改变文件系统编码格式是有风险的因为旧的文件系统编码格式或由旧的文件系统编码格式所编码的路径可能已被缓存。 请改用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1809 +msgid "See :pep:`529` for more details." +msgstr "更多详情请参阅 :pep:`529`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1812 +msgid "Use :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` instead." +msgstr "应改用 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1819 +msgid "" +":term:`File objects ` used by the interpreter for standard " +"input, output and errors:" +msgstr "解释器用于标准输入、标准输出和标准错误的 :term:`文件对象 `：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1822 +msgid "" +"``stdin`` is used for all interactive input (including calls to " +":func:`input`);" +msgstr "``stdin`` 用于所有交互式输入（包括对 :func:`input` 的调用）；" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"``stdout`` is used for the output of :func:`print` and :term:`expression` " +"statements and for the prompts of :func:`input`;" +msgstr "" +"``stdout`` 用于 :func:`print` 和 :term:`expression` 语句的输出，以及用于 :func:`input` " +"的提示符；" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1826 +msgid "The interpreter's own prompts and its error messages go to ``stderr``." +msgstr "解释器自身的提示符和它的错误消息都发往 ``stderr``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1828 +msgid "" +"These streams are regular :term:`text files ` like those returned" +" by the :func:`open` function. Their parameters are chosen as follows:" +msgstr "这些流都是常规 :term:`文本文件 `，与 :func:`open` 函数返回的对象一致。它们的参数选择如下：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1832 +msgid "" +"The encoding and error handling are is initialized from " +":c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_encoding` and :c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_errors`." +msgstr "" +"编码格式和错误处理器是由 :c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_encoding` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_errors` 来初始化的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1835 +msgid "" +"On Windows, UTF-8 is used for the console device. Non-character devices " +"such as disk files and pipes use the system locale encoding (i.e. the ANSI " +"codepage). Non-console character devices such as NUL (i.e. where " +"``isatty()`` returns ``True``) use the value of the console input and output" +" codepages at startup, respectively for stdin and stdout/stderr. This " +"defaults to the system :term:`locale encoding` if the process is not " +"initially attached to a console." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，控制台设备使用 UTF-8。 非字符设备如磁盘文件和管道使用系统语言区域编码格式（例如 ANSI 代码页）。 非控制台字符设备如" +" NUL（例如当 ``isatty()`` 返回 ``True`` 时）会在启动时分别让 stdin 和 stdout/stderr " +"使用控制台输入和输出代码页。 如果进程初始化时没有被附加到控制台则会使用默认的系统 :term:`locale encoding`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1844 +msgid "" +"The special behaviour of the console can be overridden by setting the " +"environment variable PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO before starting Python. In " +"that case, the console codepages are used as for any other character device." +msgstr "" +"要重写控制台的特殊行为，可以在启动 Python 前设置 PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO " +"环境变量。此时，控制台代码页将用于其他字符设备。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1849 +msgid "" +"Under all platforms, you can override the character encoding by setting the " +":envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` environment variable before starting Python or by" +" using the new :option:`-X` ``utf8`` command line option and " +":envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` environment variable. However, for the Windows " +"console, this only applies when :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` is also " +"set." +msgstr "" +"在所有平台上，都可以通过在 Python 启动前设置 :envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` 环境变量来重写字符编码，或通过新的 " +":option:`-X` ``utf8`` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` 环境变量来设置。但是，对 Windows " +"控制台来说，上述方法仅在设置了 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` 后才起效。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1856 +msgid "" +"When interactive, the ``stdout`` stream is line-buffered. Otherwise, it is " +"block-buffered like regular text files. The ``stderr`` stream is line-" +"buffered in both cases. You can make both streams unbuffered by passing the" +" :option:`-u` command-line option or setting the :envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED` " +"environment variable." +msgstr "" +"交互模式下，``stdout`` 流是行缓冲的。其他情况下，它像常规文本文件一样是块缓冲的。两种情况下的 ``stderr`` " +"流都是行缓冲的。要使得两个流都变成无缓冲，可以传入 :option:`-u` 命令行选项或设置 :envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED` " +"环境变量。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"Non-interactive ``stderr`` is now line-buffered instead of fully buffered." +msgstr "非交互模式下，``stderr`` 现在是行缓冲的，而不是全缓冲的。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1868 +msgid "" +"To write or read binary data from/to the standard streams, use the " +"underlying binary :data:`~io.TextIOBase.buffer` object. For example, to " +"write bytes to :data:`stdout`, use ``sys.stdout.buffer.write(b'abc')``." +msgstr "" +"要从标准流写入或读取二进制数据，请使用底层二进制 :data:`~io.TextIOBase.buffer` 对象。例如，要将字节写入 " +":data:`stdout`，请使用 ``sys.stdout.buffer.write(b'abc')``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1872 +msgid "" +"However, if you are writing a library (and do not control in which context " +"its code will be executed), be aware that the standard streams may be " +"replaced with file-like objects like :class:`io.StringIO` which do not " +"support the :attr:`!buffer` attribute." +msgstr "" +"但是，如果你正在编写一个库（并且不能控制其代码执行所在的上下文），请注意标准流可能会被不支持 :attr:`!buffer` 属性的文件型对象如 " +":class:`io.StringIO` 所取代。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1882 +msgid "" +"These objects contain the original values of ``stdin``, ``stderr`` and " +"``stdout`` at the start of the program. They are used during finalization, " +"and could be useful to print to the actual standard stream no matter if the " +"``sys.std*`` object has been redirected." +msgstr "" +"程序开始时，这些对象存有 ``stdin``、``stderr`` 和 ``stdout`` " +"的初始值。它们在程序结束前都可以使用，且在需要向实际的标准流打印内容时很有用，无论 ``sys.std*`` 对象是否已重定向。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1887 +msgid "" +"It can also be used to restore the actual files to known working file " +"objects in case they have been overwritten with a broken object. However, " +"the preferred way to do this is to explicitly save the previous stream " +"before replacing it, and restore the saved object." +msgstr "" +"如果实际文件已经被覆盖成一个损坏的对象了，那它也可用于将实际文件还原成能正常工作的文件对象。但是，本过程的最佳方法应该是，在原来的流被替换之前就显式地保存它，并使用这一保存的对象来还原。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"Under some conditions ``stdin``, ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` as well as the " +"original values ``__stdin__``, ``__stdout__`` and ``__stderr__`` can be " +"``None``. It is usually the case for Windows GUI apps that aren't connected " +"to a console and Python apps started with :program:`pythonw`." +msgstr "" +"某些情况下的 ``stdin``、``stdout`` 和 ``stderr`` 以及初始值 ``__stdin__``、``__stdout__`` " +"和 ``__stderr__`` 可以是 ``None``。通常发生在未连接到控制台的 Windows GUI app 中，以及在用 " +":program:`pythonw` 启动的 Python app 中。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1901 +msgid "" +"A frozenset of strings containing the names of standard library modules." +msgstr "一个包含标准库模组名称字符串的冻结集合。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"It is the same on all platforms. Modules which are not available on some " +"platforms and modules disabled at Python build are also listed. All module " +"kinds are listed: pure Python, built-in, frozen and extension modules. Test " +"modules are excluded." +msgstr "" +"它在所有平台上都保持一致。 在某些平台上不可用的模块和在 Python 编译时被禁用的模块也会被列出。 所有种类的模块都会被列出：纯 Python " +"模块、内置模块、冻结模块和扩展模块等。 测试模块则会被排除掉。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1908 +msgid "" +"For packages, only the main package is listed: sub-packages and sub-modules " +"are not listed. For example, the ``email`` package is listed, but the " +"``email.mime`` sub-package and the ``email.message`` sub-module are not " +"listed." +msgstr "" +"对于包来说，仅会列出主包：子包和子模块不会被列出。 例如，``email`` 包会被列出，但 ``email.mime`` 子包和 " +"``email.message`` 子模块不会被列出。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1913 +msgid "See also the :data:`sys.builtin_module_names` list." +msgstr "另请参阅 :data:`sys.builtin_module_names` 列表。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1920 +msgid "" +"A :term:`named tuple` holding information about the thread implementation." +msgstr "一个 :term:`具名元组 `，包含线程实现的信息。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1925 +msgid "The name of the thread implementation:" +msgstr "线程实现的名称：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1927 +msgid "``\"nt\"``: Windows threads" +msgstr "``\"nt\"``: Windows 线程" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1928 +msgid "``\"pthread\"``: POSIX threads" +msgstr "``\"pthread\"``: POSIX 线程" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1929 +msgid "" +"``\"pthread-stubs\"``: stub POSIX threads (on WebAssembly platforms without " +"threading support)" +msgstr "``\"pthread-stubs\"``: 转存 POSIX 线程（在不支持线程的 WebAssembly 平台上）" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1931 +msgid "``\"solaris\"``: Solaris threads" +msgstr "``\"solaris\"``: Solaris 线程" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1935 +msgid "The name of the lock implementation:" +msgstr "锁实现的名称：" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1937 +msgid "``\"semaphore\"``: a lock uses a semaphore" +msgstr "``\"semaphore\"``: 锁使用一个寄存器" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1938 +msgid "``\"mutex+cond\"``: a lock uses a mutex and a condition variable" +msgstr "``\"mutex+cond\"``: 锁使用互斥和条件变量" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1939 +msgid "``None`` if this information is unknown" +msgstr "``None`` 如果此信息未知" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1943 +msgid "" +"The name and version of the thread library. It is a string, or ``None`` if " +"this information is unknown." +msgstr "线程库的名称和版本。 它是一个字符串，如果此信息未知则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1951 +msgid "" +"When this variable is set to an integer value, it determines the maximum " +"number of levels of traceback information printed when an unhandled " +"exception occurs. The default is ``1000``. When set to ``0`` or less, all " +"traceback information is suppressed and only the exception type and value " +"are printed." +msgstr "" +"当该变量值设置为整数，在发生未处理的异常时，它将决定打印的回溯信息的最大层级数。默认为 ``1000``。当将其设置为 ``0`` 或小于 " +"0，将关闭所有回溯信息，并且只打印异常类型和异常值。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1959 +msgid "Handle an unraisable exception." +msgstr "处理一个无法抛出的异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1961 +msgid "" +"Called when an exception has occurred but there is no way for Python to " +"handle it. For example, when a destructor raises an exception or during " +"garbage collection (:func:`gc.collect`)." +msgstr "" +"它会在发生了一个异常但 Python 没有办法处理时被调用。例如，当一个析构器引发了异常，或在垃圾回收 (:func:`gc.collect`) " +"期间引发了异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1965 +msgid "The *unraisable* argument has the following attributes:" +msgstr "*unraisable* 参数具有以下属性:" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1967 +msgid ":attr:`!exc_type`: Exception type." +msgstr ":attr:`!exc_type`: 异常类型。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1968 +msgid ":attr:`!exc_value`: Exception value, can be ``None``." +msgstr ":attr:`!exc_value`: 异常值，可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1969 +msgid ":attr:`!exc_traceback`: Exception traceback, can be ``None``." +msgstr ":attr:`!exc_traceback`: 异常回溯，可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1970 +msgid ":attr:`!err_msg`: Error message, can be ``None``." +msgstr ":attr:`!err_msg`: 错误消息，可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1971 +msgid ":attr:`!object`: Object causing the exception, can be ``None``." +msgstr ":attr:`!object`: 导致异常的对象，可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1973 +msgid "" +"The default hook formats :attr:`!err_msg` and :attr:`!object` as: " +"``f'{err_msg}: {object!r}'``; use \"Exception ignored in\" error message if " +":attr:`!err_msg` is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"默认的钩子会将 :attr:`!err_msg` 和 :attr:`!object` 格式化为: ``f'{err_msg}: " +"{object!r}'``；如果 :attr:`!err_msg` 为 ``None`` 则会使用 \"Exception ignored in\" " +"错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1977 +msgid "" +":func:`sys.unraisablehook` can be overridden to control how unraisable " +"exceptions are handled." +msgstr "要改变无法抛出的异常的处理过程，可以重写 :func:`sys.unraisablehook`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1982 +msgid ":func:`excepthook` which handles uncaught exceptions." +msgstr ":func:`excepthook` 处理未捕获的异常。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1986 +msgid "" +"Storing :attr:`!exc_value` using a custom hook can create a reference cycle." +" It should be cleared explicitly to break the reference cycle when the " +"exception is no longer needed." +msgstr "使用自定义钩子存储 :attr:`!exc_value` 可能会创建引用循环。 当该异常不再需要时应当显式地清空以打破引用循环。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1990 +msgid "" +"Storing :attr:`!object` using a custom hook can resurrect it if it is set to" +" an object which is being finalized. Avoid storing :attr:`!object` after the" +" custom hook completes to avoid resurrecting objects." +msgstr "" +"使用自定义钩子存储 :attr:`!object` 可能会在它被设为正在终结的对象时将其复活。 为避免对象复活应当避免在自定义钩子完成后存储 " +":attr:`!object`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1994 ../../library/sys.rst:1996 +msgid "" +"Raise an auditing event ``sys.unraisablehook`` with arguments *hook*, " +"*unraisable* when an exception that cannot be handled occurs. The " +"*unraisable* object is the same as what will be passed to the hook. If no " +"hook has been set, *hook* may be ``None``." +msgstr "" +"当发生无法处理的异常时将引发一个审计事件 ``sys.unraisablehook``，附带参数 *hook*、*unraisable*。 其中 " +"*unraisable* 对象与传递给钩子的对象相同。 如果没有设置钩子，那么 *hook* 可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2005 +msgid "" +"A string containing the version number of the Python interpreter plus " +"additional information on the build number and compiler used. This string " +"is displayed when the interactive interpreter is started. Do not extract " +"version information out of it, rather, use :data:`version_info` and the " +"functions provided by the :mod:`platform` module." +msgstr "" +"一个包含 Python 解释器版本号加编译版本号以及所用编译器等额外信息的字符串。 此字符串会在交互式解释器启动时显示。 " +"请不要从中提取版本信息，而应当使用 :data:`version_info` 以及 :mod:`platform` 模块所提供的函数。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2014 +msgid "" +"The C API version for this interpreter. Programmers may find this useful " +"when debugging version conflicts between Python and extension modules." +msgstr "这个解释器的 C API 版本。当你在调试 Python及期扩展模板的版本冲突这个功能非常有用。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2020 +msgid "" +"A tuple containing the five components of the version number: *major*, " +"*minor*, *micro*, *releaselevel*, and *serial*. All values except " +"*releaselevel* are integers; the release level is ``'alpha'``, ``'beta'``, " +"``'candidate'``, or ``'final'``. The ``version_info`` value corresponding " +"to the Python version 2.0 is ``(2, 0, 0, 'final', 0)``. The components can " +"also be accessed by name, so ``sys.version_info[0]`` is equivalent to " +"``sys.version_info.major`` and so on." +msgstr "" +"一个包含版本号五部分的元组: *major*, *minor*, *micro*, *releaselevel* 和 *serial*。 除 " +"*releaselevel* 外的所有值均为整数；发布级别值则为 ``'alpha'``, ``'beta'``, ``'candidate'`` 或 " +"``'final'``。 对应于 Python 版本 2.0 的 ``version_info`` 值为 ``(2, 0, 0, 'final', " +"0)``。 这些部分也可按名称访问，因此 ``sys.version_info[0]`` 就等价于 " +"``sys.version_info.major``，依此类推。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2028 +msgid "Added named component attributes." +msgstr "增加了以名称表示的各部分属性。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2033 +msgid "" +"This is an implementation detail of the warnings framework; do not modify " +"this value. Refer to the :mod:`warnings` module for more information on the" +" warnings framework." +msgstr "这是警告框架的一个实现细节；请不要修改此值。 有关警告框架的更多信息请参阅 :mod:`warnings` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2040 +msgid "" +"The version number used to form registry keys on Windows platforms. This is " +"stored as string resource 1000 in the Python DLL. The value is normally the" +" major and minor versions of the running Python interpreter. It is provided" +" in the :mod:`sys` module for informational purposes; modifying this value " +"has no effect on the registry keys used by Python." +msgstr "" +"用于在 Windows 平台上作为注册表键的版本号。这在 Python DLL 中被存储为 1000 号字符串资源。 其值通常是正在运行的 Python" +" 解释器的主要和次要版本号。 它在 :mod:`sys` 模块中提供是为了信息展示目的；修改此值不会影响 Python 所使用的注册表键。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2052 +msgid "" +"Namespace containing functions and constants for register callbacks and " +"controlling monitoring events. See :mod:`sys.monitoring` for details." +msgstr "包含用于注册回调和控制监控事件的函数和常量的命名空间。 详情参见 :mod:`sys.monitoring`。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2058 +msgid "" +"A dictionary of the various implementation-specific flags passed through the" +" :option:`-X` command-line option. Option names are either mapped to their " +"values, if given explicitly, or to :const:`True`. Example:" +msgstr "" +"一个字典，包含通过 :option:`-X` 命令行选项传递的旗标，这些旗标专属于各种具体实现。选项名称将会映射到对应的值（如果显式指定）或者 " +":const:`True`。例如:" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2062 +msgid "" +"$ ./python -Xa=b -Xc\n" +"Python 3.2a3+ (py3k, Oct 16 2010, 20:14:50)\n" +"[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys._xoptions\n" +"{'a': 'b', 'c': True}" +msgstr "" +"$ ./python -Xa=b -Xc\n" +"Python 3.2a3+ (py3k, Oct 16 2010, 20:14:50)\n" +"[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys._xoptions\n" +"{'a': 'b', 'c': True}" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2074 +msgid "" +"This is a CPython-specific way of accessing options passed through " +":option:`-X`. Other implementations may export them through other means, or" +" not at all." +msgstr "这是 CPython 专属的访问通过 :option:`-X` 传递的选项的方式。 其他实现可能会通过其他方式导出它们，或者完全不导出。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2082 +msgid "Citations" +msgstr "引用" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:2083 +msgid "" +"ISO/IEC 9899:1999. \"Programming languages -- C.\" A public draft of this " +"standard is available at https://www.open-" +"std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf\\ ." +msgstr "" +"ISO/IEC 9899:1999. \"Programming languages -- C.\" 该标准的公开草案可从 " +"https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf 获得。" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:99 +msgid "auditing" +msgstr "审计" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:462 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:462 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "traceback -- 回溯" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:954 ../../library/sys.rst:1534 +msgid "profile function" +msgstr "性能分析函数" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:954 ../../library/sys.rst:1534 +msgid "profiler" +msgstr "性能分析器" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:963 ../../library/sys.rst:1617 +msgid "trace function" +msgstr "追踪函数" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:963 ../../library/sys.rst:1617 +msgid "debugger" +msgstr "调试器" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1362 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1362 +msgid "search" +msgstr "搜索" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1362 +msgid "path" +msgstr "path" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1498 +msgid "interpreter prompts" +msgstr "解释器提示符" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1498 +msgid "prompts, interpreter" +msgstr "提示符，解释器" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1498 +msgid ">>>" +msgstr ">>>" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1498 +msgid "interpreter prompt" +msgstr "解释器提示符" + +#: ../../library/sys.rst:1498 +msgid "..." +msgstr "..." diff --git a/library/sys_path_init.po b/library/sys_path_init.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82b088c27 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sys_path_init.po @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-05 19:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:4 +msgid "The initialization of the :data:`sys.path` module search path" +msgstr ":data:`sys.path` 模块搜索路径的初始化" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:6 +msgid "" +"A module search path is initialized when Python starts. This module search " +"path may be accessed at :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "模块搜索路径是在 Python 启动时被初始化的。 这个模块搜索路径可通过 :data:`sys.path` 来访问。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:9 +msgid "" +"The first entry in the module search path is the directory that contains the" +" input script, if there is one. Otherwise, the first entry is the current " +"directory, which is the case when executing the interactive shell, a " +":option:`-c` command, or :option:`-m` module." +msgstr "" +"模块搜索路径的第一个条目是包含输入脚本的目录，如果存在输入脚本的话。 否则，第一个条目将是当前目录，当执行交互式 shell, :option:`-c`" +" 命令, 或 :option:`-m` 模块时都属于这种情况。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` environment variable is often used to add " +"directories to the search path. If this environment variable is found then " +"the contents are added to the module search path." +msgstr ":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 环境变量经常被用于将目录添加到搜索路径。 如果发现了该环境变量则其内容将被添加到模块搜索路径中。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:20 +msgid "" +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` will affect all installed Python versions/environments." +" Be wary of setting this in your shell profile or global environment " +"variables. The :mod:`site` module offers more nuanced techniques as " +"mentioned below." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 将影响所有已安装的 Python 版本/环境。 在你的 shell " +"用户配置或全局环境变量中设置它时需要小心谨慎。 :mod:`site` 模块提供了下文所述的更细微的技巧。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The next items added are the directories containing standard Python modules " +"as well as any :term:`extension module`\\s that these modules depend on. " +"Extension modules are ``.pyd`` files on Windows and ``.so`` files on other " +"platforms. The directory with the platform-independent Python modules is " +"called ``prefix``. The directory with the extension modules is called " +"``exec_prefix``." +msgstr "" +"随后加入的条目是包含标准 Python 模块以及这些模块所依赖的任何 :term:`extension module` 的目录。 扩展模块在 " +"Windows 上为 ``.pyd`` 文件而在其他平台上则为 ``.so`` 文件。 独立于平台的 Python 模块的目录称为 " +"``prefix``。 扩展模块的目录称为 ``exec_prefix``。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:30 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable may be used to set the " +"``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix`` locations. Otherwise these directories are " +"found by using the Python executable as a starting point and then looking " +"for various 'landmark' files and directories. Note that any symbolic links " +"are followed so the real Python executable location is used as the search " +"starting point. The Python executable location is called ``home``." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量可以被用于设置 ``prefix`` 和 ``exec_prefix`` 的位置。 " +"在其他情况下这些目录将使用 Python 可执行文件作为起始点来确定然后再查找几处 '地标' 文件和目录。 请注意任何符号链接也会被引入以便使用实际的 " +"Python 可执行文件位置作为搜索起始点。 这个 Python 可执行文件位置被称为 ``home``。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Once ``home`` is determined, the ``prefix`` directory is found by first " +"looking for :file:`python{majorversion}{minorversion}.zip` " +"(``python311.zip``). On Windows the zip archive is searched for in ``home`` " +"and on Unix the archive is expected to be in :file:`lib`. Note that the " +"expected zip archive location is added to the module search path even if the" +" archive does not exist. If no archive was found, Python on Windows will " +"continue the search for ``prefix`` by looking for :file:`Lib\\\\os.py`. " +"Python on Unix will look for " +":file:`lib/python{majorversion}.{minorversion}/os.py` " +"(``lib/python3.11/os.py``). On Windows ``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix`` are " +"the same, however on other platforms " +":file:`lib/python{majorversion}.{minorversion}/lib-dynload` " +"(``lib/python3.11/lib-dynload``) is searched for and used as an anchor for " +"``exec_prefix``. On some platforms :file:`lib` may be :file:`lib64` or " +"another value, see :data:`sys.platlibdir` and :envvar:`PYTHONPLATLIBDIR`." +msgstr "" +"一旦确定了 ``home``，则 ``prefix`` 目录将通过首先查找 " +":file:`python{majorversion}{minorversion}.zip` (``python311.zip``) 来找到。 在 " +"Windows 上将会到 ``home`` 中搜索 zip 归档而在 Unix 上则会到 :file:`lib` 中搜索它。 请注意预期的 zip " +"归档位置即使在此归档不存在时仍然会被添加到模块搜索路径。 如果未找到归档，在 Windows 上 Python 将继续通过查找 " +":file:`Lib\\\\os.py` 来搜索 ``prefix``。 在 Unix 上 Python 将查找 " +":file:`lib/python{majorversion}.{minorversion}/os.py` " +"(``lib/python3.11/os.py``)。 在 Windows 上 ``prefix`` 和 ``exec_prefix`` " +"是相同的，但是在其他平台上则会搜索 :file:`lib/python{majorversion}.{minorversion}/lib-" +"dynload` (``lib/python3.11/lib-dynload``) 并将其用作 ``exec_prefix`` 的锚点。 在某些平台上 " +":file:`lib` 可能为 :file:`lib64` 或其他值，请参阅 :data:`sys.platlibdir` 和 " +":envvar:`PYTHONPLATLIBDIR`。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Once found, ``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix`` are available at " +":data:`sys.prefix` and :data:`sys.exec_prefix` respectively." +msgstr "" +"一旦找到，``prefix`` 和 ``exec_prefix`` 将分别在 :data:`sys.prefix` 和 " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix` 上可用。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Finally, the :mod:`site` module is processed and :file:`site-packages` " +"directories are added to the module search path. A common way to customize " +"the search path is to create :mod:`sitecustomize` or :mod:`usercustomize` " +"modules as described in the :mod:`site` module documentation." +msgstr "" +"最后，将会处理 :mod:`site` 模块并将 :file:`site-packages` 目录添加到模块搜索路径。 " +"自定义搜索路径的一个常用方式是创建 :mod:`sitecustomize` 或 :mod:`usercustomize` 模块，如 " +":mod:`site` 模块文档所描述的那样。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Certain command line options may further affect path calculations. See " +":option:`-E`, :option:`-I`, :option:`-s` and :option:`-S` for further " +"details." +msgstr "" +"特定的命令行选项可能对路径计算造成额外的影响。 请参阅 :option:`-E`, :option:`-I`, :option:`-s` 和 " +":option:`-S` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:64 +msgid "Virtual environments" +msgstr "从虚拟环境" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:66 +msgid "" +"If Python is run in a virtual environment (as described at :ref:`tut-venv`) " +"then ``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix`` are specific to the virtual environment." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 运行在虚拟环境中（如 :ref:`tut-venv` 所描述）则 ``prefix`` 和 ``exec_prefix`` " +"都将是该虚拟环境专属的。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:69 +msgid "" +"If a ``pyvenv.cfg`` file is found alongside the main executable, or in the " +"directory one level above the executable, the following variations apply:" +msgstr "如果在主可执行文件的相同位置，或者在可执行文件的上一级目录中找到了 ``pyvenv.cfg`` 文件，则将应用以下变化形式:" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:72 +msgid "" +"If ``home`` is an absolute path and :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is not set, this " +"path is used instead of the path to the main executable when deducing " +"``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``home`` 是一个绝对路径并且未设置 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME`，则在推断 ``prefix`` 和 " +"``exec_prefix`` 时将使用此路径而不是主可执行文件的路径。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:77 +msgid "_pth files" +msgstr "_pth 文件" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:79 +msgid "" +"To completely override :data:`sys.path` create a ``._pth`` file with the " +"same name as the shared library or executable (``python._pth`` or " +"``python311._pth``). The shared library path is always known on Windows, " +"however it may not be available on other platforms. In the ``._pth`` file " +"specify one line for each path to add to :data:`sys.path`. The file based on" +" the shared library name overrides the one based on the executable, which " +"allows paths to be restricted for any program loading the runtime if " +"desired." +msgstr "" +"若要完全覆盖 :data:`sys.path` 则请创建一个与共享库或可执行文件 (``python._pth`` 或 " +"``python311._pth``) 同名的 ``._pth`` 文件。 共享库路径在 Windows 是始终是已知的，但这在其他平台上也许会不可用。" +" 请在 ``._pth`` 文件中为添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的每个路径指定对应的一行。 " +"基于共享库名称的文件会覆盖基于可执行文件的对应文件，这允许在必要时为任何加载运行时的程序限制路径。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:87 +msgid "" +"When the file exists, all registry and environment variables are ignored, " +"isolated mode is enabled, and :mod:`site` is not imported unless one line in" +" the file specifies ``import site``. Blank paths and lines starting with " +"``#`` are ignored. Each path may be absolute or relative to the location of " +"the file. Import statements other than to ``site`` are not permitted, and " +"arbitrary code cannot be specified." +msgstr "" +"当文件存在时，将忽略所有注册表和环境变量，启用隔离模式，并且：除非文件中的一行指定 ``import site`` ，否则不会导入 " +":mod:`site` 。以 ``＃`` 开头的空白路径和行将被忽略。每个路径可以是绝对的或相对于文件的位置。不允许使用除 ``site`` " +"以外的导入语句，并且不能指定任意代码。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:94 +msgid "" +"Note that ``.pth`` files (without leading underscore) will be processed " +"normally by the :mod:`site` module when ``import site`` has been specified." +msgstr "请注意，当指定 ``import site`` 时， ``.pth`` 文件（没有前导下划线）将由 :mod:`site` 模块正常处理。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:98 +msgid "Embedded Python" +msgstr "嵌入式 Python" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:100 +msgid "" +"If Python is embedded within another application " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` and the :c:type:`PyConfig` structure can " +"be used to initialize Python. The path specific details are described at " +":ref:`init-path-config`." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 被嵌入其他应用程序中则 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 和 :c:type:`PyConfig`" +" 结构体可被用来初始化 Python。 路径专属的细节描述见 :ref:`init-path-config`。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:106 +msgid ":ref:`windows_finding_modules` for detailed Windows notes." +msgstr ":ref:`windows_finding_modules` 了解更多有关 Windows 的细节说明。" + +#: ../../library/sys_path_init.rst:107 +msgid ":ref:`using-on-unix` for Unix details." +msgstr ":ref:`using-on-unix` 了解 Unix 的相关细节。" diff --git a/library/sysconfig.po b/library/sysconfig.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7286bf0c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/sysconfig.po @@ -0,0 +1,849 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-07 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:2 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sysconfig` --- Provide access to Python's configuration information" +msgstr ":mod:`!sysconfig` --- 提供对 Python 配置信息的访问" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/sysconfig`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/sysconfig`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sysconfig` module provides access to Python's configuration " +"information like the list of installation paths and the configuration " +"variables relevant for the current platform." +msgstr ":mod:`sysconfig` 模块提供了对 Python 配置信息的访问支持，比如安装路径列表和有关当前平台的配置变量。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:25 +msgid "Configuration variables" +msgstr "配置变量" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:27 +msgid "" +"A Python distribution contains a :file:`Makefile` and a :file:`pyconfig.h` " +"header file that are necessary to build both the Python binary itself and " +"third-party C extensions compiled using ``setuptools``." +msgstr "" +"一个包含 :file:`Makefile` 和 :file:`pyconfig.h` 头文件的 Python 分发版，这是构建 Python " +"二进制文件本身和用 ``setuptools`` 编译的第三方 C 扩展所必需的。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:31 +msgid "" +":mod:`sysconfig` puts all variables found in these files in a dictionary " +"that can be accessed using :func:`get_config_vars` or " +":func:`get_config_var`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`sysconfig` 将这些文件中的所有变量放在一个字典对象中，可用 :func:`get_config_vars` 或 " +":func:`get_config_var` 访问。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:34 +msgid "Notice that on Windows, it's a much smaller set." +msgstr "请注意在 Windows 上，这是一个小得多的集合。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:38 +msgid "" +"With no arguments, return a dictionary of all configuration variables " +"relevant for the current platform." +msgstr "不带参数时，返回一个与当前平台相关的所有配置变量的字典。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:41 +msgid "" +"With arguments, return a list of values that result from looking up each " +"argument in the configuration variable dictionary." +msgstr "带参数时，返回一个由在配置变量字典中查找每个参数的结果的值组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:44 +msgid "For each argument, if the value is not found, return ``None``." +msgstr "对于每个参数，如果未找到值，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Return the value of a single variable *name*. Equivalent to " +"``get_config_vars().get(name)``." +msgstr "返回单个变量 *name* 的值。 等价于 ``get_config_vars().get(name)``。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:52 +msgid "If *name* is not found, return ``None``." +msgstr "如果未找到 *name*，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:54 +msgid "Example of usage::" +msgstr "用法示例::" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:56 +msgid "" +">>> import sysconfig\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_ENABLE_SHARED')\n" +"0\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR')\n" +"'/usr/local/lib'\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_vars('AR', 'CXX')\n" +"['ar', 'g++']" +msgstr "" +">>> import sysconfig\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_ENABLE_SHARED')\n" +"0\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR')\n" +"'/usr/local/lib'\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_vars('AR', 'CXX')\n" +"['ar', 'g++']" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:68 +msgid "Installation paths" +msgstr "安装路径" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:70 +msgid "" +"Python uses an installation scheme that differs depending on the platform " +"and on the installation options. These schemes are stored in " +":mod:`sysconfig` under unique identifiers based on the value returned by " +":const:`os.name`. The schemes are used by package installers to determine " +"where to copy files to." +msgstr "" +"Python 会使用根据平台和安装选项区别处理的安装方案。 这些方案被存储在 :mod:`sysconfig` 中基于 :const:`os.name`" +" 返回的值来确定的唯一标识符下。 软件包安装程序使用这些方案来确定将文件复制到何处。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:75 +msgid "Python currently supports nine schemes:" +msgstr "Python 目前支持九种方案:" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:77 +msgid "" +"*posix_prefix*: scheme for POSIX platforms like Linux or macOS. This is the" +" default scheme used when Python or a component is installed." +msgstr "" +"*posix_prefix*: 针对 POSIX 平台如 Linux 或 macOS 的方案。 这是在安装 Python 或者组件时的默认方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:79 +msgid "" +"*posix_home*: scheme for POSIX platforms, when the *home* option is used. " +"This scheme defines paths located under a specific home prefix." +msgstr "*posix_home*: 当使用 *home* 选项时，针对 POSIX 平台的方案。 该方案定义了位于特定 home 前缀下的路径。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:81 +msgid "" +"*posix_user*: scheme for POSIX platforms, when the *user* option is used. " +"This scheme defines paths located under the user's home directory " +"(:const:`site.USER_BASE`)." +msgstr "" +"*posix_user*: 当使用 *user* 选项时，针对 POSIX 平台的方案。 该方案定义了位于用户主目录 " +"(:const:`site.USER_BASE`) 下的路径。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:84 +msgid "" +"*posix_venv*: scheme for :mod:`Python virtual environments ` on POSIX " +"platforms; by default it is the same as *posix_prefix*." +msgstr "" +"*posix_venv*: 针对 POSIX 平台上 :mod:`Python 虚拟环境 ` 的方案；在默认情况下与 " +"*posix_prefix* 相同。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:86 +msgid "" +"*nt*: scheme for Windows. This is the default scheme used when Python or a " +"component is installed." +msgstr "*nt*: 针对 Windows 的方案。 这是在安装 Python 或其组件时的默认方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:88 +msgid "*nt_user*: scheme for Windows, when the *user* option is used." +msgstr "*nt_user*: 针对 Windows,当使用了 *user* 选项时的方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:89 +msgid "" +"*nt_venv*: scheme for :mod:`Python virtual environments ` on Windows; " +"by default it is the same as *nt*." +msgstr "" +"*nt_venv*: 针对 Windows 上 :mod:`Python 虚拟环境 ` 的方案；在默认情况下与 *nt* 相同。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:91 +msgid "" +"*venv*: a scheme with values from either *posix_venv* or *nt_venv* depending" +" on the platform Python runs on." +msgstr "*venv*: 根据 Python 运行所在平台的不同来设置 *posix_venv* 或 *nt_venv* 的值的方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:93 +msgid "" +"*osx_framework_user*: scheme for macOS, when the *user* option is used." +msgstr "*osx_framework_user*: 针对 macOS，当使用了 *user* 选项时的方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Each scheme is itself composed of a series of paths and each path has a " +"unique identifier. Python currently uses eight paths:" +msgstr "每个方案本身由一系列路径组成并且每个路径都有唯一的标识符。 Python 目前使用了八个路径:" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:98 +msgid "" +"*stdlib*: directory containing the standard Python library files that are " +"not platform-specific." +msgstr "*stdlib*: 包含非平台专属的标准 Python 库文件的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:100 +msgid "" +"*platstdlib*: directory containing the standard Python library files that " +"are platform-specific." +msgstr "*platstdlib*: 包含平台专属的标准 Python 库文件的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:102 +msgid "*platlib*: directory for site-specific, platform-specific files." +msgstr "*platlib*: 用于站点专属、平台专属的文件的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:103 +msgid "" +"*purelib*: directory for site-specific, non-platform-specific files ('pure' " +"Python)." +msgstr "*purelib*: 用于站点专属、非平台专属的文件（‘纯’ Python）的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:104 +msgid "" +"*include*: directory for non-platform-specific header files for the Python " +"C-API." +msgstr "*include*: 针对用于 Python C-API 的非平台专属头文件的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:106 +msgid "" +"*platinclude*: directory for platform-specific header files for the Python " +"C-API." +msgstr "*platinclude*: 针对用于 Python C-API 的平台专属头文件的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:108 +msgid "*scripts*: directory for script files." +msgstr "*scripts*: 用于脚本文件的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:109 +msgid "*data*: directory for data files." +msgstr "*data*: 用于数据文件的目录。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:115 +msgid "User scheme" +msgstr "用户方案" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:117 +msgid "" +"This scheme is designed to be the most convenient solution for users that " +"don't have write permission to the global site-packages directory or don't " +"want to install into it." +msgstr "此方案被设计为针对没有全局 site-packages 目录写入权限或不想安装到该目录的用户的最便捷解决方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Files will be installed into subdirectories of :const:`site.USER_BASE` " +"(written as :file:`{userbase}` hereafter). This scheme installs pure Python" +" modules and extension modules in the same location (also known as " +":const:`site.USER_SITE`)." +msgstr "" +"文件将被安装到 :const:`site.USER_BASE` (以下称为 :file:`{userbase}`) 的子目录中。 此方案将在同一个位置 " +"(或称 :const:`site.USER_SITE`) 中安装纯 Python 模块和扩展模块。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:126 +msgid "``posix_user``" +msgstr "``posix_user``" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:129 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:144 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:159 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:187 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:229 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:245 +msgid "Path" +msgstr "Path" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:129 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:144 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:159 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:187 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:229 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:245 +msgid "Installation directory" +msgstr "安装目录" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:131 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:146 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:161 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:189 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:231 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:247 +msgid "*stdlib*" +msgstr "*stdlib*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:131 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:132 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python{X.Y}`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python{X.Y}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:132 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:147 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:162 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:190 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:232 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:248 +msgid "*platstdlib*" +msgstr "*platstdlib*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:133 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:148 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:163 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:191 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:233 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:249 +msgid "*platlib*" +msgstr "*platlib*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:133 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:134 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:134 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:149 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:164 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:192 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:234 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:250 +msgid "*purelib*" +msgstr "*purelib*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:135 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:150 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:165 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:193 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:235 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:251 +msgid "*include*" +msgstr "*include*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:135 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:165 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/include/python{X.Y}`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/include/python{X.Y}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:136 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:151 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:166 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:195 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:237 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:253 +msgid "*scripts*" +msgstr "*scripts*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:136 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:166 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/bin`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/bin`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:137 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:152 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:167 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:196 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:238 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:254 +msgid "*data*" +msgstr "*data*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:137 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:152 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:167 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:141 +msgid "``nt_user``" +msgstr "``nt_user``" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:146 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:147 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:148 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:149 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\site-packages`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:150 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Include`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Include`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:151 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Scripts`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}\\\\Python{XY}\\\\Scripts`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:156 +msgid "``osx_framework_user``" +msgstr "``osx_framework_user``" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:161 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:162 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:163 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:164 +msgid ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python/site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{userbase}/lib/python/site-packages`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:174 +msgid "Home scheme" +msgstr "主方案" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:176 +msgid "" +"The idea behind the \"home scheme\" is that you build and maintain a " +"personal stash of Python modules. This scheme's name is derived from the " +"idea of a \"home\" directory on Unix, since it's not unusual for a Unix user" +" to make their home directory have a layout similar to :file:`/usr/` or " +":file:`/usr/local/`. This scheme can be used by anyone, regardless of the " +"operating system they are installing for." +msgstr "" +"“主方案”背后的理念是你可以构建并维护个人的 Python 模块集。 该方案的名称源自 Unix 上“主目录”的概念，因为通常 Unix " +"用户会将其主目录的布局设置为与 :file:`/usr/` 或 :file:`/usr/local/` 相似。 " +"任何人都可以使用该方案，无论其安装的操作系统是什么。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:184 +msgid "``posix_home``" +msgstr "``posix_home``" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:189 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:190 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:191 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:192 +msgid ":file:`{home}/lib/python`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}/lib/python`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:193 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:194 +msgid ":file:`{home}/include/python`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}/include/python`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:194 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:236 +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:252 +msgid "*platinclude*" +msgstr "*platinclude*" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:195 +msgid ":file:`{home}/bin`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}/bin`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:196 +msgid ":file:`{home}`" +msgstr ":file:`{home}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:203 +msgid "Prefix scheme" +msgstr "前缀方案" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:205 +msgid "" +"The \"prefix scheme\" is useful when you wish to use one Python installation" +" to perform the build/install (i.e., to run the setup script), but install " +"modules into the third-party module directory of a different Python " +"installation (or something that looks like a different Python installation)." +" If this sounds a trifle unusual, it is---that's why the user and home " +"schemes come before. However, there are at least two known cases where the " +"prefix scheme will be useful." +msgstr "" +"“前缀方案”适用于当你希望使用一个 Python 安装程序来执行构建/安装（即运行 setup 脚本），但需要将模块安装到另一个 Python " +"安装版（或看起来类似于另一个 Python 安装版）的第三方模块目录中的情况。 如果这听起来有点不寻常，确实如此 --- " +"这就是为什么要先介绍用户和主目录方案的原因。 然而，至少有两种已知的情况会用到前缀方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:212 +msgid "" +"First, consider that many Linux distributions put Python in :file:`/usr`, " +"rather than the more traditional :file:`/usr/local`. This is entirely " +"appropriate, since in those cases Python is part of \"the system\" rather " +"than a local add-on. However, if you are installing Python modules from " +"source, you probably want them to go in :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}` " +"rather than :file:`/usr/lib/python2.{X}`." +msgstr "" +"首先，许多 Linux 发行版都会将 Python 放在 :file:`/usr` 中，而不是传统的 :file:`/usr/local` 中。 " +"这是完全适当的，因为在这些情况下，Python 是“系统”的一部分而不是本地的附加组件。 但是，如果你从源代码安装 Python模块 " +"，您可能会想要将它们放在 :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}` 而不是 " +":file:`/usr/lib/python2.{X}` 中。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Another possibility is a network filesystem where the name used to write to " +"a remote directory is different from the name used to read it: for example, " +"the Python interpreter accessed as :file:`/usr/local/bin/python` might " +"search for modules in :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}`, but those modules " +"would have to be installed to, say, " +":file:`/mnt/{@server}/export/lib/python2.{X}`." +msgstr "" +"另一种可能性是在用于写入远程目录的名称与用于读取该目录的名称不同的网络文件系统：例如，作为 :file:`/usr/local/bin/python` " +"访问的 Python 解释器可能会在 :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}` 中搜索模块，但这些模块又必须安装到 " +":file:`/mnt/{@server}/export/lib/python2.{X}` 这样的地方。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:226 +msgid "``posix_prefix``" +msgstr "``posix_prefix``" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:231 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:232 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:233 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:234 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:235 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:236 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/include/python{X.Y}`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/include/python{X.Y}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:237 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}/bin`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}/bin`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:238 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:254 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:242 +msgid "``nt``" +msgstr "``nt``" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:247 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:248 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:249 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:250 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib\\\\site-packages`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Lib\\\\site-packages`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:251 ../../library/sysconfig.rst:252 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Include`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Include`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:253 +msgid ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Scripts`" +msgstr ":file:`{prefix}\\\\Scripts`" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:259 +msgid "Installation path functions" +msgstr "安装路径函数" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:261 +msgid "" +":mod:`sysconfig` provides some functions to determine these installation " +"paths." +msgstr ":mod:`sysconfig` 提供了一些函数来确定这些安装路径。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:265 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple containing all schemes currently supported in " +":mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "返回一个包含 :mod:`sysconfig` 目前支持的所有方案的元组。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:271 +msgid "Return the default scheme name for the current platform." +msgstr "返回针对当前平台的默认方案的名称。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:273 +msgid "" +"This function was previously named ``_get_default_scheme()`` and considered " +"an implementation detail." +msgstr "此函数之前被命名为 ``_get_default_scheme()`` 并被认为属性实现细节。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:277 +msgid "" +"When Python runs from a virtual environment, the *venv* scheme is returned." +msgstr "当 Python 运行于虚拟环境时，将返回 *venv* 方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Return a preferred scheme name for an installation layout specified by " +"*key*." +msgstr "返回针对由 *key* 所指定的安装布局的推荐方案的名称。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:285 +msgid "*key* must be either ``\"prefix\"``, ``\"home\"``, or ``\"user\"``." +msgstr "*key* 必须为 ``\"prefix\"``, ``\"home\"`` 或 ``\"user\"``。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The return value is a scheme name listed in :func:`get_scheme_names`. It can" +" be passed to :mod:`sysconfig` functions that take a *scheme* argument, such" +" as :func:`get_paths`." +msgstr "" +"该返回值是 :func:`get_scheme_names` 中列出的一个方案名称。 它可以被传给接受 *scheme* 参数的 " +":mod:`sysconfig` 函数，如 :func:`get_paths`。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:293 +msgid "" +"When Python runs from a virtual environment and ``key=\"prefix\"``, the " +"*venv* scheme is returned." +msgstr "当 Python 运行于虚拟环境且 ``key=\"prefix\"`` 时，将返回 *venv* 方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Return a dict containing preferred scheme names on the current platform. " +"Python implementers and redistributors may add their preferred schemes to " +"the ``_INSTALL_SCHEMES`` module-level global value, and modify this function" +" to return those scheme names, to e.g. provide different schemes for system " +"and language package managers to use, so packages installed by either do not" +" mix with those by the other." +msgstr "" +"返回一个包含当前平台推荐的方案名称的字典。 Python 的实现方和再分发方可以将他们推荐的方案添加到 ``_INSTALL_SCHEMES`` " +"模块层级全局值，并修改此函数以返回这些方案名称，例如为各种系统和语言的包管理器提供不同的方案，这样它们各自安装的包就不会彼此混淆。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:307 +msgid "" +"End users should not use this function, but :func:`get_default_scheme` and " +":func:`get_preferred_scheme` instead." +msgstr "" +"最终用户不应使用此函数，而应改用 :func:`get_default_scheme` 和 :func:`get_preferred_scheme`。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple containing all path names currently supported in " +":mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "返回一个包含在 :mod:`sysconfig` 中目前支持的所有路径名称的元组。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:321 +msgid "" +"Return an installation path corresponding to the path *name*, from the " +"install scheme named *scheme*." +msgstr "返回一个对应于路径 *name*，来自名为 *scheme* 的安装方案的安装路径。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:324 +msgid "" +"*name* has to be a value from the list returned by :func:`get_path_names`." +msgstr "*name* 必须是一个来自 :func:`get_path_names` 所返回的列表的值。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:326 +msgid "" +":mod:`sysconfig` stores installation paths corresponding to each path name, " +"for each platform, with variables to be expanded. For instance the *stdlib*" +" path for the *nt* scheme is: ``{base}/Lib``." +msgstr "" +":mod:`sysconfig` 会针对每个平台保存与每个路径名称相对应的安装路径，并带有可扩展的变量。 例如针对 *nt* 方案的 *stdlib* " +"路径是: ``{base}/Lib``。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:330 +msgid "" +":func:`get_path` will use the variables returned by :func:`get_config_vars` " +"to expand the path. All variables have default values for each platform so " +"one may call this function and get the default value." +msgstr "" +":func:`get_path` 将使用 :func:`get_config_vars` 所返回的变量来扩展路径。 " +"所有变量对于每种平台都有相应的默认值因此使用者可以调用此函数来获取默认值。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:334 +msgid "" +"If *scheme* is provided, it must be a value from the list returned by " +":func:`get_scheme_names`. Otherwise, the default scheme for the current " +"platform is used." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了 *scheme*，则它必须是一个来自 :func:`get_scheme_names` 所返回的列表的值。 " +"在其他情况下，将会使用针对当前平台的默认方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:338 +msgid "" +"If *vars* is provided, it must be a dictionary of variables that will update" +" the dictionary returned by :func:`get_config_vars`." +msgstr "如果提供了 *vars*，则它必须是一个将要更新 :func:`get_config_vars` 所返回的字典的变量字典。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:341 +msgid "" +"If *expand* is set to ``False``, the path will not be expanded using the " +"variables." +msgstr "如果 *expand* 被设为 ``False``，则将不使用这些变量来扩展路径。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:344 +msgid "If *name* is not found, raise a :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "如果 *name* 未找到，则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary containing all installation paths corresponding to an " +"installation scheme. See :func:`get_path` for more information." +msgstr "返回一个包含与特定安装方案对应的安装路径的字典。 请参阅 :func:`get_path` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:352 +msgid "" +"If *scheme* is not provided, will use the default scheme for the current " +"platform." +msgstr "如果未提供 *scheme*，则将使用针对当前平台的默认方案。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:355 +msgid "" +"If *vars* is provided, it must be a dictionary of variables that will update" +" the dictionary used to expand the paths." +msgstr "如果提供了 *vars*，则它必须是一个将要更新用于扩展的字典的变量字典。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:358 +msgid "If *expand* is set to false, the paths will not be expanded." +msgstr "如果 *expand* 被设为假值，则路径将不会被扩展。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:360 +msgid "" +"If *scheme* is not an existing scheme, :func:`get_paths` will raise a " +":exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "如果 *scheme* 不是一个现有的方案，则 :func:`get_paths` 将引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:365 +msgid "Other functions" +msgstr "其他功能" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Return the ``MAJOR.MINOR`` Python version number as a string. Similar to " +"``'%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]``." +msgstr "" +"以字符串形式 ``MAJOR.MINOR`` 返回 Python 版本号。 类似于 ``'%d.%d' % " +"sys.version_info[:2]``。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:375 +msgid "Return a string that identifies the current platform." +msgstr "返回一个标识当前平台的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:377 +msgid "" +"This is used mainly to distinguish platform-specific build directories and " +"platform-specific built distributions. Typically includes the OS name and " +"version and the architecture (as supplied by :func:`os.uname`), although the" +" exact information included depends on the OS; e.g., on Linux, the kernel " +"version isn't particularly important." +msgstr "" +"这主要被用来区分平台专属的构建目录和平台专属的构建分发版。 通常包括 OS 名称和版本以及架构（即 :func:`os.uname` " +"所提供的信息），但是实际包括的信息取决于具体 OS；例如，在 Linux 上，内核版本并不是特别重要。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:383 +msgid "Examples of returned values:" +msgstr "返回值的示例：" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:385 +msgid "linux-i586" +msgstr "linux-i586" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:386 +msgid "linux-alpha (?)" +msgstr "linux-alpha (?)" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:387 +msgid "solaris-2.6-sun4u" +msgstr "solaris-2.6-sun4u" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:389 +msgid "Windows will return one of:" +msgstr "Windows将返回以下之一：" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:391 +msgid "win-amd64 (64-bit Windows on AMD64, aka x86_64, Intel64, and EM64T)" +msgstr "win-amd64 (在 AMD64 即 x86_64, Intel64 和 EM64T 上的 64 位 Windows)" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:392 +msgid "win-arm64 (64-bit Windows on ARM64, aka AArch64)" +msgstr "win-arm64 (在 ARM64 即 AArch64 上的 64 位 Windows)" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:393 +msgid "win32 (all others - specifically, sys.platform is returned)" +msgstr "win32（所有其他的 —— 确切地说，返回 sys.platform）" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:395 +msgid "macOS can return:" +msgstr "macOS 可以返回:" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:397 +msgid "macosx-10.6-ppc" +msgstr "macosx-10.6-ppc" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:398 +msgid "macosx-10.4-ppc64" +msgstr "macosx-10.4-ppc64" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:399 +msgid "macosx-10.3-i386" +msgstr "macosx-10.3-i386" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:400 +msgid "macosx-10.4-fat" +msgstr "macosx-10.4-fat" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:402 +msgid "" +"For other non-POSIX platforms, currently just returns :data:`sys.platform`." +msgstr "对于其他非-POSIX 平台， 目前只是返回 :data:`sys.platform` 。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the running Python interpreter was built from source and " +"is being run from its built location, and not from a location resulting from" +" e.g. running ``make install`` or installing via a binary installer." +msgstr "" +"如果正在运行的 Python 解释器是使用源代码构建的并在其构建位置上运行，而不是在其他位置例如通过运行 ``make install`` " +"或通过二进制机器码安装程序安装则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:414 +msgid "Parse a :file:`config.h`\\-style file." +msgstr "解析一个 :file:`config.h` 风格的文件。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:416 +msgid "*fp* is a file-like object pointing to the :file:`config.h`\\-like file." +msgstr "*fp* 是一个指向 :file:`config.h` 风格的文件的文件型对象。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:418 +msgid "" +"A dictionary containing name/value pairs is returned. If an optional " +"dictionary is passed in as the second argument, it is used instead of a new " +"dictionary, and updated with the values read in the file." +msgstr "返回一个包含名称/值对的字典。 如果传入一个可选的字典作为第二个参数，则将使用它而不是新的字典，并使用从文件中读取的值更新它。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:425 +msgid "Return the path of :file:`pyconfig.h`." +msgstr "返回 :file:`pyconfig.h` 的目录" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:429 +msgid "Return the path of :file:`Makefile`." +msgstr "返回 :file:`Makefile` 的目录" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:434 +msgid "Using :mod:`sysconfig` as a script" +msgstr "将 :mod:`sysconfig` 作为脚本使用" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:436 +msgid "You can use :mod:`sysconfig` as a script with Python's *-m* option:" +msgstr " 你可以通过 Python 的 *-m* 选项将 :mod:`sysconfig` 作为脚本使用:" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:438 +msgid "" +"$ python -m sysconfig\n" +"Platform: \"macosx-10.4-i386\"\n" +"Python version: \"3.2\"\n" +"Current installation scheme: \"posix_prefix\"\n" +"\n" +"Paths:\n" +" data = \"/usr/local\"\n" +" include = \"/Users/tarek/Dev/svn.python.org/py3k/Include\"\n" +" platinclude = \".\"\n" +" platlib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages\"\n" +" platstdlib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2\"\n" +" purelib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages\"\n" +" scripts = \"/usr/local/bin\"\n" +" stdlib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2\"\n" +"\n" +"Variables:\n" +" AC_APPLE_UNIVERSAL_BUILD = \"0\"\n" +" AIX_GENUINE_CPLUSPLUS = \"0\"\n" +" AR = \"ar\"\n" +" ARFLAGS = \"rc\"\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"$ python -m sysconfig\n" +"Platform: \"macosx-10.4-i386\"\n" +"Python version: \"3.2\"\n" +"Current installation scheme: \"posix_prefix\"\n" +"\n" +"Paths:\n" +" data = \"/usr/local\"\n" +" include = \"/Users/tarek/Dev/svn.python.org/py3k/Include\"\n" +" platinclude = \".\"\n" +" platlib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages\"\n" +" platstdlib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2\"\n" +" purelib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages\"\n" +" scripts = \"/usr/local/bin\"\n" +" stdlib = \"/usr/local/lib/python3.2\"\n" +"\n" +"Variables:\n" +" AC_APPLE_UNIVERSAL_BUILD = \"0\"\n" +" AIX_GENUINE_CPLUSPLUS = \"0\"\n" +" AR = \"ar\"\n" +" ARFLAGS = \"rc\"\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:462 +msgid "" +"This call will print in the standard output the information returned by " +":func:`get_platform`, :func:`get_python_version`, :func:`get_path` and " +":func:`get_config_vars`." +msgstr "" +"此调用将把 :func:`get_platform`, :func:`get_python_version`, :func:`get_path` 和 " +":func:`get_config_vars` 所返回的信息打印至标准输出。" + +#: ../../library/sysconfig.rst:14 +msgid "configuration information" +msgstr "配置信息" diff --git a/library/syslog.po b/library/syslog.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d87b37c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/syslog.po @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Leo Li , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!syslog` --- Unix syslog library routines" +msgstr ":mod:`!syslog` --- Unix syslog 库例程" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:10 +msgid "" +"This module provides an interface to the Unix ``syslog`` library routines. " +"Refer to the Unix manual pages for a detailed description of the ``syslog`` " +"facility." +msgstr "此模块提供一个接口到Unix ``syslog`` 日常库. 参考 Unix 手册页关于 ``syslog`` 设施的详细描述." + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:14 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module wraps the system ``syslog`` family of routines. A pure Python " +"library that can speak to a syslog server is available in the " +":mod:`logging.handlers` module as :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler`." +msgstr "" +"此模块包装了系统 ``syslog`` 例程族。 一个能与 syslog 服务器对话的纯 Python 库则在 " +":mod:`logging.handlers` 模块中以 :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` " +"类的形式提供。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:20 +msgid "The module defines the following functions:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Send the string *message* to the system logger. A trailing newline is added" +" if necessary. Each message is tagged with a priority composed of a " +"*facility* and a *level*. The optional *priority* argument, which defaults " +"to :const:`LOG_INFO`, determines the message priority. If the facility is " +"not encoded in *priority* using logical-or (``LOG_INFO | LOG_USER``), the " +"value given in the :func:`openlog` call is used." +msgstr "" +"将字符串 *message* 发送到系统日志记录器。 如有必要会添加末尾换行符。 每条消息都带有一个由 *facility* 和 *level* " +"组成的优先级标价签。 可选的 *priority* 参数默认值为 :const:`LOG_INFO`，它确定消息的优先级。 如果未在 " +"*priority* 中使用逻辑或 (``LOG_INFO | LOG_USER``) 对 facility 进行编码，则会使用在 " +":func:`openlog` 调用中所给定的值。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:33 +msgid "" +"If :func:`openlog` has not been called prior to the call to :func:`syslog`, " +":func:`openlog` will be called with no arguments." +msgstr "" +"如果 :func:`openlog` 未在对 :func:`syslog` 的调用之前被调用，则将不带参数地调用 :func:`openlog`。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``syslog.syslog`` with arguments " +"``priority``, ``message``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``syslog.syslog`` 并附带参数 ``priority``, " +"``message``。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:38 +msgid "" +"In previous versions, :func:`openlog` would not be called automatically if " +"it wasn't called prior to the call to :func:`syslog`, deferring to the " +"syslog implementation to call ``openlog()``." +msgstr "" +"在之前的版本中，如果 :func:`openlog` 未在对 :func:`syslog` 的调用之前被调用则它将不会被自动调用，而是由 syslog " +"实现来负责调用 ``openlog()``。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:43 +msgid "" +"This function is restricted in subinterpreters. (Only code that runs in " +"multiple interpreters is affected and the restriction is not relevant for " +"most users.) :func:`openlog` must be called in the main interpreter before " +":func:`syslog` may be used in a subinterpreter. Otherwise it will raise " +":exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +"此函数在子解释器中受到限制。 （该限制只影响在多解释器中运行的代码因而与大多数用户无关。） :func:`openlog` 必须在子解释器使用 " +":func:`syslog` 之前在主解释器中被调用。 否则它将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Logging options of subsequent :func:`syslog` calls can be set by calling " +":func:`openlog`. :func:`syslog` will call :func:`openlog` with no arguments" +" if the log is not currently open." +msgstr "" +"后续 :func:`syslog` 调用的日志选项可以通过调用 :func:`openlog` 来设置。 如果日志当前未打开则 " +":func:`syslog` 将不带参数地调用 :func:`openlog`。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:57 +msgid "" +"The optional *ident* keyword argument is a string which is prepended to " +"every message, and defaults to ``sys.argv[0]`` with leading path components " +"stripped. The optional *logoption* keyword argument (default is 0) is a bit" +" field -- see below for possible values to combine. The optional *facility*" +" keyword argument (default is :const:`LOG_USER`) sets the default facility " +"for messages which do not have a facility explicitly encoded." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *ident* 关键字参数是在每条消息前添加的字符串，默认为 ``sys.argv[0]`` 去除打头的路径部分。 可选的 " +"*logoption* 关键字参数（默认为 0）是一个位字段 -- 请参见下文了解可能的组合值。 可选的 *facility* 关键字参数 (默认为 " +":const:`LOG_USER`) 为没有显式编码 facility 的消息设置默认的 facility。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``syslog.openlog`` with arguments" +" ``ident``, ``logoption``, ``facility``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``syslog.openlog`` 并附带参数 ``ident``, " +"``logoption``, ``facility``。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:66 +msgid "" +"In previous versions, keyword arguments were not allowed, and *ident* was " +"required." +msgstr "在之前的版本中，不允许使用关键字参数，并且要求必须有 *ident*。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:70 ../../library/syslog.rst:89 +msgid "" +"This function is restricted in subinterpreters. (Only code that runs in " +"multiple interpreters is affected and the restriction is not relevant for " +"most users.) This may only be called in the main interpreter. It will raise " +":exc:`RuntimeError` if called in a subinterpreter." +msgstr "" +"此函数在子解释器中受到限制。 （该限制只影响在多解释器中运行的代码因而与大多数用户无关。） 此函数只能在主解释器中被调用。 " +"如果在子解释器中被调用它将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Reset the syslog module values and call the system library ``closelog()``." +msgstr "重置日志模块值并且调用系统库 ``closelog()``." + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:82 +msgid "" +"This causes the module to behave as it does when initially imported. For " +"example, :func:`openlog` will be called on the first :func:`syslog` call (if" +" :func:`openlog` hasn't already been called), and *ident* and other " +":func:`openlog` parameters are reset to defaults." +msgstr "" +"这使得此模块在初始导入时行为固定。 例如，:func:`openlog` 将在首次调用 :func:`syslog` 时被调用（如果 " +":func:`openlog` 还未被调用过），并且 *ident* 和其他 :func:`openlog` 形参会被重置为默认值。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``syslog.closelog`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``syslog.closelog``。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Set the priority mask to *maskpri* and return the previous mask value. " +"Calls to :func:`syslog` with a priority level not set in *maskpri* are " +"ignored. The default is to log all priorities. The function " +"``LOG_MASK(pri)`` calculates the mask for the individual priority *pri*. " +"The function ``LOG_UPTO(pri)`` calculates the mask for all priorities up to " +"and including *pri*." +msgstr "" +"将优先级掩码设为 *maskpri* 并返回之前的掩码值。 调用 :func:`syslog` 并附带未在 *maskpri* " +"中设置的优先级将会被忽略。 默认设置为记录所有优先级。 函数 ``LOG_MASK(pri)`` 可计算单个优先级 *pri* 的掩码。 函数 " +"``LOG_UPTO(pri)`` 可计算包括 *pri* 在内的所有优先级的掩码。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``syslog.setlogmask`` with " +"argument ``maskpri``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``syslog.setlogmask`` 并附带参数 ``maskpri``。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:108 +msgid "The module defines the following constants:" +msgstr "此模块定义了一下常量:" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:120 +msgid "Priority levels (high to low)." +msgstr "优先级别（从高到低）。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Facilities, depending on availability in ```` for " +":const:`LOG_AUTHPRIV`, :const:`LOG_FTP`, :const:`LOG_NETINFO`, " +":const:`LOG_REMOTEAUTH`, :const:`LOG_INSTALL` and :const:`LOG_RAS`." +msgstr "" +"功能项，根据在 ```` 中 :const:`LOG_AUTHPRIV`, :const:`LOG_FTP`, " +":const:`LOG_NETINFO`, :const:`LOG_REMOTEAUTH`, :const:`LOG_INSTALL` 和 " +":const:`LOG_RAS` 的可用性确定。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Added :const:`LOG_FTP`, :const:`LOG_NETINFO`, :const:`LOG_REMOTEAUTH`, " +":const:`LOG_INSTALL`, :const:`LOG_RAS`, and :const:`LOG_LAUNCHD`." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :const:`LOG_FTP`, :const:`LOG_NETINFO`, :const:`LOG_REMOTEAUTH`, " +":const:`LOG_INSTALL`, :const:`LOG_RAS` 和 :const:`LOG_LAUNCHD`。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:164 +msgid "" +"Log options, depending on availability in ```` for " +":const:`LOG_ODELAY`, :const:`LOG_NOWAIT` and :const:`LOG_PERROR`." +msgstr "" +"日志选项，根据在 ```` 中 :const:`LOG_ODELAY`, :const:`LOG_NOWAIT` 和 " +":const:`LOG_PERROR` 的可用性确定。" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:169 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:172 +msgid "Simple example" +msgstr "简单示例" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:174 +msgid "A simple set of examples::" +msgstr "一个简单的示例集::" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:176 +msgid "" +"import syslog\n" +"\n" +"syslog.syslog('Processing started')\n" +"if error:\n" +" syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_ERR, 'Processing started')" +msgstr "" +"import syslog\n" +"\n" +"syslog.syslog('Processing started')\n" +"if error:\n" +" syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_ERR, 'Processing started')" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:182 +msgid "" +"An example of setting some log options, these would include the process ID " +"in logged messages, and write the messages to the destination facility used " +"for mail logging::" +msgstr "一个设置多种日志选项的示例，其中有在日志消息中包含进程 ID，以及将消息写入用于邮件日志记录的目标设施等::" + +#: ../../library/syslog.rst:186 +msgid "" +"syslog.openlog(logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=syslog.LOG_MAIL)\n" +"syslog.syslog('E-mail processing initiated...')" +msgstr "" +"syslog.openlog(logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=syslog.LOG_MAIL)\n" +"syslog.syslog('E-mail processing initiated...')" diff --git a/library/tabnanny.po b/library/tabnanny.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..397dba7eb --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tabnanny.po @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tabnanny` --- Detection of ambiguous indentation" +msgstr ":mod:`!tabnanny` --- 检测有歧义的缩进" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:13 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tabnanny.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tabnanny.py`" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:17 +msgid "" +"For the time being this module is intended to be called as a script. However" +" it is possible to import it into an IDE and use the function :func:`check` " +"described below." +msgstr "目前，该模块旨在作为脚本调用。但是可以使用下面描述的 :func:`check` 函数将其导入IDE。" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The API provided by this module is likely to change in future releases; such" +" changes may not be backward compatible." +msgstr "此模块提供的API可能会在将来的版本中更改；此类更改可能无法向后兼容。" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:29 +msgid "" +"If *file_or_dir* is a directory and not a symbolic link, then recursively " +"descend the directory tree named by *file_or_dir*, checking all :file:`.py` " +"files along the way. If *file_or_dir* is an ordinary Python source file, it" +" is checked for whitespace related problems. The diagnostic messages are " +"written to standard output using the :func:`print` function." +msgstr "" +"如果 *file_or_dir* 是目录而非符号链接，则递归地在名为 *file_or_dir* 的目录树中下行，沿途检查所有 :file:`.py` " +"文件。 如果 *file_or_dir* 是一个普通 Python 源文件，将检查其中的空格相关问题。 诊断消息将使用 :func:`print` " +"函数写入到标准输出。" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Flag indicating whether to print verbose messages. This is incremented by " +"the ``-v`` option if called as a script." +msgstr "此旗标指明是否打印详细消息。 如果作为脚本调用则是通过 ``-v`` 选项来增加。" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Flag indicating whether to print only the filenames of files containing " +"whitespace related problems. This is set to true by the ``-q`` option if " +"called as a script." +msgstr "此旗标指明是否只打印包含空格相关问题文件的文件名。 如果作为脚本调用则是通过 ``-q`` 选项来设为真值。" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Raised by :func:`process_tokens` if detecting an ambiguous indent. Captured " +"and handled in :func:`check`." +msgstr "如果检测到模糊缩进则由 :func:`process_tokens` 引发。 在 :func:`check` 中捕获并处理。" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:57 +msgid "" +"This function is used by :func:`check` to process tokens generated by the " +":mod:`tokenize` module." +msgstr "此函数由 :func:`check` 用来处理由 :mod:`tokenize` 模块所生成的标记。" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:66 +msgid "Module :mod:`tokenize`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`tokenize`" + +#: ../../library/tabnanny.rst:67 +msgid "Lexical scanner for Python source code." +msgstr "用于Python源代码的词法扫描程序。" diff --git a/library/tarfile.po b/library/tarfile.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82ba965dd --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tarfile.po @@ -0,0 +1,2213 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Makdon , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2023 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-15 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tarfile` --- Read and write tar archive files" +msgstr ":mod:`!tarfile` --- 读写 tar 归档文件" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tarfile.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tarfile.py`" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module makes it possible to read and write tar archives, " +"including those using gzip, bz2 and lzma compression. Use the :mod:`zipfile`" +" module to read or write :file:`.zip` files, or the higher-level functions " +"in :ref:`shutil `." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile` 模块可以用来读写 tar 归档，包括使用 gzip, bz2 和 lzma 压缩的归档。 请使用 " +":mod:`zipfile` 模块来读写 :file:`.zip` 文件，或者使用 :ref:`shutil ` 的高层级函数。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:19 +msgid "Some facts and figures:" +msgstr "一些事实和数字:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:21 +msgid "" +"reads and writes :mod:`gzip`, :mod:`bz2` and :mod:`lzma` compressed archives" +" if the respective modules are available." +msgstr "读写 :mod:`gzip`, :mod:`bz2` 和 :mod:`lzma` 解压的归档要求相应的模块可用。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:24 +msgid "read/write support for the POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) format." +msgstr "支持读取 / 写入 POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) 格式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:26 +msgid "" +"read/write support for the GNU tar format including *longname* and " +"*longlink* extensions, read-only support for all variants of the *sparse* " +"extension including restoration of sparse files." +msgstr "" +"对 GNU tar 格式的读/写支持，包括 *longname* 和 *longlink* 扩展，对所有种类 *sparse* 扩展的只读支持，包括 " +"sparse 文件的恢复。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:30 +msgid "read/write support for the POSIX.1-2001 (pax) format." +msgstr "对 POSIX.1-2001 (pax) 格式的读/写支持。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:32 +msgid "" +"handles directories, regular files, hardlinks, symbolic links, fifos, " +"character devices and block devices and is able to acquire and restore file " +"information like timestamp, access permissions and owner." +msgstr "处理目录、正常文件、硬链接、符号链接、fifo 管道、字符设备和块设备，并且能够获取和恢复文件信息例如时间戳、访问权限和所有者等。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:36 +msgid "Added support for :mod:`lzma` compression." +msgstr "添加了对 :mod:`lzma` 压缩的支持。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Archives are extracted using a :ref:`filter `, " +"which makes it possible to either limit surprising/dangerous features, or to" +" acknowledge that they are expected and the archive is fully trusted. By " +"default, archives are fully trusted, but this default is deprecated and " +"slated to change in Python 3.14." +msgstr "" +"归档文件使用 :ref:`过滤器 ` " +"来提取，这将可以限制令人惊讶/危险的特性，或确认它们符合预期并且归档文档受到完全信任。 " +"在默认情况下，归档文档将受到完全信任，但此默认选项已被弃用并计划在 Python 3.14 中改变。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`TarFile` object for the pathname *name*. For detailed " +"information on :class:`TarFile` objects and the keyword arguments that are " +"allowed, see :ref:`tarfile-objects`." +msgstr "" +"针对路径名 *name* 返回 :class:`TarFile` 对象。 有关 :class:`TarFile` " +"对象以及所允许的关键字参数的详细信息请参阅 :ref:`tarfile-objects`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:53 +msgid "" +"*mode* has to be a string of the form ``'filemode[:compression]'``, it " +"defaults to ``'r'``. Here is a full list of mode combinations:" +msgstr "" +"*mode* 必须是 ``'filemode[:compression]'`` 形式的字符串，其默认值为 ``'r'``。 以下是模式组合的完整列表:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:57 +msgid "mode" +msgstr "模式" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:57 +msgid "action" +msgstr "action" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:59 +msgid "``'r' or 'r:*'``" +msgstr "``'r' or 'r:*'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:59 +msgid "Open for reading with transparent compression (recommended)." +msgstr "打开和读取使用透明压缩（推荐）。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:62 +msgid "``'r:'``" +msgstr "``'r:'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:62 +msgid "Open for reading exclusively without compression." +msgstr "打开和读取不使用压缩。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:65 +msgid "``'r:gz'``" +msgstr "``'r:gz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:65 +msgid "Open for reading with gzip compression." +msgstr "打开和读取使用gzip 压缩。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:67 +msgid "``'r:bz2'``" +msgstr "``'r:bz2'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:67 +msgid "Open for reading with bzip2 compression." +msgstr "打开和读取使用bzip2 压缩。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:69 +msgid "``'r:xz'``" +msgstr "``'r:xz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:69 +msgid "Open for reading with lzma compression." +msgstr "打开和读取使用lzma 压缩。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:71 +msgid "``'x'`` or ``'x:'``" +msgstr "``'x'`` 或 ``'x:'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Create a tarfile exclusively without compression. Raise a " +":exc:`FileExistsError` exception if it already exists." +msgstr "单独创建一个 tarfile 而不带压缩。 如果它已经存在则会引发 :exc:`FileExistsError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:76 +msgid "``'x:gz'``" +msgstr "``'x:gz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Create a tarfile with gzip compression. Raise a :exc:`FileExistsError` " +"exception if it already exists." +msgstr "使用 gzip 压缩创建一个 tarfile。 如果它已经存在则会引发 :exc:`FileExistsError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:80 +msgid "``'x:bz2'``" +msgstr "``'x:bz2'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Create a tarfile with bzip2 compression. Raise a :exc:`FileExistsError` " +"exception if it already exists." +msgstr "使用 bzip2 压缩创建一个 tarfile。 如果它已经存在则会引发 :exc:`FileExistsError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:84 +msgid "``'x:xz'``" +msgstr "``'x:xz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Create a tarfile with lzma compression. Raise a :exc:`FileExistsError` " +"exception if it already exists." +msgstr "使用 lzma 压缩创建一个 tarfile。 如果它已经存在则会引发 :exc:`FileExistsError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:88 +msgid "``'a' or 'a:'``" +msgstr "``'a' or 'a:'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Open for appending with no compression. The file is created if it does not " +"exist." +msgstr "打开以便在没有压缩的情况下追加。如果文件不存在，则创建该文件。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:91 +msgid "``'w' or 'w:'``" +msgstr "``'w' or 'w:'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:91 +msgid "Open for uncompressed writing." +msgstr "打开用于未压缩的写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:93 +msgid "``'w:gz'``" +msgstr "``'w:gz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:93 +msgid "Open for gzip compressed writing." +msgstr "打开用于 gzip 压缩的写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:95 +msgid "``'w:bz2'``" +msgstr "``'w:bz2'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:95 +msgid "Open for bzip2 compressed writing." +msgstr "打开用于 bzip2 压缩的写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:97 +msgid "``'w:xz'``" +msgstr "``'w:xz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:97 +msgid "Open for lzma compressed writing." +msgstr "打开用于 lzma 压缩的写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Note that ``'a:gz'``, ``'a:bz2'`` or ``'a:xz'`` is not possible. If *mode* " +"is not suitable to open a certain (compressed) file for reading, " +":exc:`ReadError` is raised. Use *mode* ``'r'`` to avoid this. If a " +"compression method is not supported, :exc:`CompressionError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``'a:gz'``, ``'a:bz2'`` 或 ``'a:xz'`` 是不可能的组合。 如果 *mode* " +"不适用于打开特定（压缩的）文件用于读取，则会引发 :exc:`ReadError`。 请使用 *mode* ``'r'`` 来避免这种情况。 " +"如果某种压缩方法不受支持，则会引发 :exc:`CompressionError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:105 +msgid "" +"If *fileobj* is specified, it is used as an alternative to a :term:`file " +"object` opened in binary mode for *name*. It is supposed to be at position " +"0." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *fileobj*，它会被用作对应于 *name* 的以二进制模式打开的 :term:`file object` 的替代。 " +"它会被设定为处在位置 0。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:108 +msgid "" +"For modes ``'w:gz'``, ``'x:gz'``, ``'w|gz'``, ``'w:bz2'``, ``'x:bz2'``, " +"``'w|bz2'``, :func:`tarfile.open` accepts the keyword argument " +"*compresslevel* (default ``9``) to specify the compression level of the " +"file." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``'w:gz'``, ``'x:gz'``, ``'w|gz'``, ``'w:bz2'``, ``'x:bz2'``, ``'w|bz2'``" +" 等模式，:func:`tarfile.open` 接受关键字参数 *compresslevel* (默认值为 ``9``) 用于指定文件的压缩等级。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:112 +msgid "" +"For modes ``'w:xz'`` and ``'x:xz'``, :func:`tarfile.open` accepts the " +"keyword argument *preset* to specify the compression level of the file." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``'w:xz'`` 和 ``'x:xz'`` 模式，:func:`tarfile.open` 接受关键字参数 *preset* " +"来指定文件的压缩等级。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:115 +msgid "" +"For special purposes, there is a second format for *mode*: " +"``'filemode|[compression]'``. :func:`tarfile.open` will return a " +":class:`TarFile` object that processes its data as a stream of blocks. No " +"random seeking will be done on the file. If given, *fileobj* may be any " +"object that has a :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read` or :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.write` " +"method (depending on the *mode*) that works with bytes. *bufsize* specifies " +"the blocksize and defaults to ``20 * 512`` bytes. Use this variant in " +"combination with e.g. ``sys.stdin.buffer``, a socket :term:`file object` or " +"a tape device. However, such a :class:`TarFile` object is limited in that it" +" does not allow random access, see :ref:`tar-examples`. The currently " +"possible modes:" +msgstr "" +"针对特殊的目的，还存在第二种 *mode* 格式: ``'filemode|[compression]'``。 :func:`tarfile.open`" +" 将返回一个将其数据作为数据块流来处理的 :class:`TarFile` 对象。 对此文件将不能执行随机查找。 如果给定了 " +"*fileobj*，它可以是任何具有 :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read` 或 :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.write` " +"方法（由 *mode* 确定）的对象。 *bufsize* 指定块大小，默认为 ``20 * 512`` 字节。 可与此格式组合使用的有 " +"``sys.stdin.buffer``、套接字 :term:`file object` 或磁盘设备等。 但是，这样的 :class:`TarFile`" +" 对象存在不允许随机访问的限制，参见 :ref:`tar-examples`。 当前可用的模式有：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:129 +msgid "Mode" +msgstr "模式" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:129 +msgid "Action" +msgstr "动作" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:131 +msgid "``'r|*'``" +msgstr "``'r|*'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Open a *stream* of tar blocks for reading with transparent compression." +msgstr "打开 tar 块的 *流* 以进行透明压缩读取。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:134 +msgid "``'r|'``" +msgstr "``'r|'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:134 +msgid "Open a *stream* of uncompressed tar blocks for reading." +msgstr "打开一个未压缩的 tar 块的 *stream* 用于读取。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:137 +msgid "``'r|gz'``" +msgstr "``'r|gz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:137 +msgid "Open a gzip compressed *stream* for reading." +msgstr "打开一个 gzip 压缩的 *stream* 用于读取。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:140 +msgid "``'r|bz2'``" +msgstr "``'r|bz2'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:140 +msgid "Open a bzip2 compressed *stream* for reading." +msgstr "打开一个 bzip2 压缩的 *stream* 用于读取。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:143 +msgid "``'r|xz'``" +msgstr "``'r|xz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:143 +msgid "Open an lzma compressed *stream* for reading." +msgstr "打开一个 lzma 压缩 *stream* 用于读取。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:146 +msgid "``'w|'``" +msgstr "``'w|'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:146 +msgid "Open an uncompressed *stream* for writing." +msgstr "打开一个未压缩的 *stream* 用于写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:148 +msgid "``'w|gz'``" +msgstr "``'w|gz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:148 +msgid "Open a gzip compressed *stream* for writing." +msgstr "打开一个 gzip 压缩的 *stream* 用于写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:151 +msgid "``'w|bz2'``" +msgstr "``'w|bz2'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:151 +msgid "Open a bzip2 compressed *stream* for writing." +msgstr "打开一个 bzip2 压缩的 *stream* 用于写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:154 +msgid "``'w|xz'``" +msgstr "``'w|xz'``" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:154 +msgid "Open an lzma compressed *stream* for writing." +msgstr "打开一个 lzma 压缩的 *stream* 用于写入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:158 ../../library/tarfile.rst:425 +msgid "The ``'x'`` (exclusive creation) mode was added." +msgstr "添加了 ``'x'`` (单独创建) 模式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:161 ../../library/tarfile.rst:428 +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:673 +msgid "The *name* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*name* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:164 +msgid "The *compresslevel* keyword argument also works for streams." +msgstr "*compresslevel* 关键字参数也适用于流式数据。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Class for reading and writing tar archives. Do not use this class directly: " +"use :func:`tarfile.open` instead. See :ref:`tarfile-objects`." +msgstr "" +"用于读取和写入 tar 归档的类。 请不要直接使用这个类：而要使用 :func:`tarfile.open`。 参见 :ref:`tarfile-" +"objects`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if *name* is a tar archive file, that the " +":mod:`tarfile` module can read. *name* may be a :class:`str`, file, or file-" +"like object." +msgstr "" +"如果 *name* 是一个 :mod:`tarfile` 能读取的 tar 归档文件则返回 :const:`True`。 *name* 可以为 " +":class:`str`，文件或文件型对象。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:180 +msgid "Support for file and file-like objects." +msgstr "支持文件或类文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:184 +msgid "The :mod:`tarfile` module defines the following exceptions:" +msgstr ":mod:`tarfile` 模块定义了以下异常:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:189 +msgid "Base class for all :mod:`tarfile` exceptions." +msgstr "所有 :mod:`tarfile` 异常的基类。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Is raised when a tar archive is opened, that either cannot be handled by the" +" :mod:`tarfile` module or is somehow invalid." +msgstr "当一个不能被 :mod:`tarfile` 模块处理或者因某种原因而无效的 tar 归档被打开时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Is raised when a compression method is not supported or when the data cannot" +" be decoded properly." +msgstr "当一个压缩方法不受支持或者当数据无法被正确解码时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Is raised for the limitations that are typical for stream-like " +":class:`TarFile` objects." +msgstr "当达到流式 :class:`TarFile` 对象的典型限制时将被引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Is raised for *non-fatal* errors when using :meth:`TarFile.extract`, but " +"only if :attr:`TarFile.errorlevel`\\ ``== 2``." +msgstr "" +"当使用 :meth:`TarFile.extract` 时针对 *non-fatal* 所引发的异常，但是仅限 " +":attr:`TarFile.errorlevel`\\ ``== 2``。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:218 +msgid "Is raised by :meth:`TarInfo.frombuf` if the buffer it gets is invalid." +msgstr "如果获取的缓冲区无效则会由 :meth:`TarInfo.frombuf` 引发的异常。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Base class for members :ref:`refused ` by " +"filters." +msgstr "被过滤器 :ref:`拒绝 ` 的成员的基类。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Information about the member that the filter refused to extract, as " +":ref:`TarInfo `." +msgstr "关于过滤器拒绝提取的成员的信息，为 :ref:`TarInfo ` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:233 +msgid "Raised to refuse extracting a member with an absolute path." +msgstr "在拒绝提取具有绝对路径的成员时引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Raised to refuse extracting a member outside the destination directory." +msgstr "在拒绝提取目标目录以外的成员时引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:241 +msgid "Raised to refuse extracting a special file (e.g. a device or pipe)." +msgstr "在拒绝提取特殊文件（例如设备或管道）时引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:245 +msgid "Raised to refuse extracting a symbolic link with an absolute path." +msgstr "在拒绝提取具有绝对路径的符号链接时引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Raised to refuse extracting a symbolic link pointing outside the destination" +" directory." +msgstr "在拒绝提取指向目标目录以外的符号链接时引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:253 +msgid "The following constants are available at the module level:" +msgstr "以下常量在模块层级上可用:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The default character encoding: ``'utf-8'`` on Windows, the value returned " +"by :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"默认的字符编码格式：在 Windows 上为 ``'utf-8'``，其他系统上则为 :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`" +" 所返回的值。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:263 +msgid "A regular file :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "常规文件 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:267 +msgid "A link (inside tarfile) :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "（tar 文件中的）链接 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:271 +msgid "A symbolic link :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "符号链接 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:275 +msgid "A character special device :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "字符特殊设备 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:279 +msgid "A block special device :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "块特殊设备 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:283 +msgid "A directory :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "目录 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:287 +msgid "A FIFO special device :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "FIFO 特殊设备 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:291 +msgid "A contiguous file :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "连续文件 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:295 +msgid "A GNU tar longname :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "GNU tar 长名称 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:299 +msgid "A GNU tar longlink :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "GNU tar 长链接 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:303 +msgid "A GNU tar sparse file :attr:`~TarInfo.type`." +msgstr "A GNU tar 离散文件 :attr:`~TarInfo.type`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Each of the following constants defines a tar archive format that the " +":mod:`tarfile` module is able to create. See section :ref:`tar-formats` for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"以下常量各自定义了一个 :mod:`tarfile` 模块能够创建的 tar 归档格式。 相关细节请参阅 :ref:`tar-formats` 小节。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:313 +msgid "POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) format." +msgstr "POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) 格式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:318 +msgid "GNU tar format." +msgstr "GNU tar 格式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:323 +msgid "POSIX.1-2001 (pax) format." +msgstr "POSIX.1-2001 (pax) 格式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:328 +msgid "" +"The default format for creating archives. This is currently " +":const:`PAX_FORMAT`." +msgstr "用于创建归档的默认格式。 目前为 :const:`PAX_FORMAT`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The default format for new archives was changed to :const:`PAX_FORMAT` from " +":const:`GNU_FORMAT`." +msgstr "新归档的默认格式已更改为 :const:`PAX_FORMAT` 而不再是 :const:`GNU_FORMAT`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:337 +msgid "Module :mod:`zipfile`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`zipfile`" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:338 +msgid "Documentation of the :mod:`zipfile` standard module." +msgstr ":mod:`zipfile` 标准模块的文档。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:340 +msgid ":ref:`archiving-operations`" +msgstr ":ref:`archiving-operations`" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Documentation of the higher-level archiving facilities provided by the " +"standard :mod:`shutil` module." +msgstr "标准 :mod:`shutil` 模块所提供的高层级归档工具的文档。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:344 +msgid "" +"`GNU tar manual, Basic Tar Format " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`GNU tar manual, Basic Tar Format " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:345 +msgid "Documentation for tar archive files, including GNU tar extensions." +msgstr "针对 tar 归档文件的文档，包含 GNU tar 扩展。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:351 +msgid "TarFile Objects" +msgstr "TarFile 对象" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:353 +msgid "" +"The :class:`TarFile` object provides an interface to a tar archive. A tar " +"archive is a sequence of blocks. An archive member (a stored file) is made " +"up of a header block followed by data blocks. It is possible to store a file" +" in a tar archive several times. Each archive member is represented by a " +":class:`TarInfo` object, see :ref:`tarinfo-objects` for details." +msgstr "" +":class:`TarFile` 对象提供了一个 tar 归档的接口。 一个 tar 归档就是数据块的序列。 " +"一个归档成员（被保存文件）是由一个标头块加多个数据块组成的。 一个文件可以在一个 tar 归档中多次被保存。 每个归档成员都由一个 " +":class:`TarInfo` 对象来代表，详情参见 :ref:`tarinfo-objects`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:359 +msgid "" +"A :class:`TarFile` object can be used as a context manager in a " +":keyword:`with` statement. It will automatically be closed when the block is" +" completed. Please note that in the event of an exception an archive opened " +"for writing will not be finalized; only the internally used file object will" +" be closed. See the :ref:`tar-examples` section for a use case." +msgstr "" +":class:`TarFile` 对象可在 :keyword:`with` 语句中作为上下文管理器使用。 当语句块结束时它将自动被关闭。 " +"请注意在发生异常事件时被打开用于写入的归档将不会被终结；只有内部使用的文件对象将被关闭。 相关用例请参见 :ref:`tar-examples`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:365 +msgid "Added support for the context management protocol." +msgstr "添加了对上下文管理器协议的支持。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:370 +msgid "" +"All following arguments are optional and can be accessed as instance " +"attributes as well." +msgstr "下列所有参数都是可选项并且也可作为实例属性来访问。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:373 +msgid "" +"*name* is the pathname of the archive. *name* may be a :term:`path-like " +"object`. It can be omitted if *fileobj* is given. In this case, the file " +"object's :attr:`!name` attribute is used if it exists." +msgstr "" +"*name* 是归档的路径名。 *name* 可以是一个 :term:`path-like object`。 如果给定了 *fileobj* " +"则它可以被省略。 在此情况下，如果对象存在 :attr:`!name` 属性则将使用它。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:377 +msgid "" +"*mode* is either ``'r'`` to read from an existing archive, ``'a'`` to append" +" data to an existing file, ``'w'`` to create a new file overwriting an " +"existing one, or ``'x'`` to create a new file only if it does not already " +"exist." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 可以为 ``'r'`` 表示从现有归档读取，``'a'`` 表示将数据追加到现有文件，``'w'`` 表示创建新文件覆盖现有文件，或者 " +"``'x'`` 表示仅在文件不存在时创建新文件。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:381 +msgid "" +"If *fileobj* is given, it is used for reading or writing data. If it can be " +"determined, *mode* is overridden by *fileobj*'s mode. *fileobj* will be used" +" from position 0." +msgstr "" +"如果给定了 *fileobj*，它会被用于读取或写入数据。 如果可以被确定，则 *mode* 会被 *fileobj* 的模式所覆盖。 " +"*fileobj* 的使用将从位置 0 开始。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:387 +msgid "*fileobj* is not closed, when :class:`TarFile` is closed." +msgstr "当 :class:`TarFile` 被关闭时，*fileobj* 不会被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:389 +msgid "" +"*format* controls the archive format for writing. It must be one of the " +"constants :const:`USTAR_FORMAT`, :const:`GNU_FORMAT` or :const:`PAX_FORMAT` " +"that are defined at module level. When reading, format will be automatically" +" detected, even if different formats are present in a single archive." +msgstr "" +"*format* 控制用于写入的归档格式。 它必须为在模块层级定义的常量 :const:`USTAR_FORMAT`, " +":const:`GNU_FORMAT` 或 :const:`PAX_FORMAT` 中的一个。 " +"当读取时，格式将被自动检测，即使单个归档中存在不同的格式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:394 +msgid "" +"The *tarinfo* argument can be used to replace the default :class:`TarInfo` " +"class with a different one." +msgstr "*tarinfo* 参数可以被用来将默认的 :class:`TarInfo` 类替换为另一个。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:397 +msgid "" +"If *dereference* is :const:`False`, add symbolic and hard links to the " +"archive. If it is :const:`True`, add the content of the target files to the " +"archive. This has no effect on systems that do not support symbolic links." +msgstr "" +"如果 *dereference* 为 :const:`False`，则会将符号链接和硬链接添加到归档中。 如果为 " +":const:`True`，则会将目标文件的内容添加到归档中。 在不支持符号链接的系统上参数将不起作用。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:401 +msgid "" +"If *ignore_zeros* is :const:`False`, treat an empty block as the end of the " +"archive. If it is :const:`True`, skip empty (and invalid) blocks and try to " +"get as many members as possible. This is only useful for reading " +"concatenated or damaged archives." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ignore_zeros* 为 :const:`False`，则会将空的数据块当作归档的末尾来处理。 如果为 " +":const:`True`，则会跳过空的（和无效的）数据块并尝试获取尽可能多的成员。 此参数仅适用于读取拼接的或损坏的归档。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:405 +msgid "" +"*debug* can be set from ``0`` (no debug messages) up to ``3`` (all debug " +"messages). The messages are written to ``sys.stderr``." +msgstr "*debug* 可设为从 ``0`` (无调试消息) 到 ``3`` (全部调试消息)。 消息会被写入到 ``sys.stderr``。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:408 +msgid "" +"*errorlevel* controls how extraction errors are handled, see :attr:`the " +"corresponding attribute `." +msgstr "*errorlevel* 控制如何处理解压错误，参见 :attr:`相应的属性 `。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:411 +msgid "" +"The *encoding* and *errors* arguments define the character encoding to be " +"used for reading or writing the archive and how conversion errors are going " +"to be handled. The default settings will work for most users. See section " +":ref:`tar-unicode` for in-depth information." +msgstr "" +"*encoding* 和 *errors* 参数定义了读取或写入归档所使用的字符编码格式以及要如何处理转换错误。 默认设置将适用于大多数用户。 " +"要深入了解详情可参阅 :ref:`tar-unicode` 小节。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:416 +msgid "" +"The *pax_headers* argument is an optional dictionary of strings which will " +"be added as a pax global header if *format* is :const:`PAX_FORMAT`." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *pax_headers* 参数是字符串的字典，如果 *format* 为 :const:`PAX_FORMAT` 它将被作为 pax " +"全局标头被添加。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:419 +msgid "" +"If *stream* is set to :const:`True` then while reading the archive info " +"about files in the archive are not cached, saving memory." +msgstr "如果 *stream* 被设为 :const:`True` 则在读取时有关归档中文件的归档信息不会被缓存，以节省内存消耗。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:422 ../../library/tarfile.rst:742 +msgid "Use ``'surrogateescape'`` as the default for the *errors* argument." +msgstr "使用 ``'surrogateescape'`` 作为 *errors* 参数的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:431 +msgid "Add the *stream* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *stream* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Alternative constructor. The :func:`tarfile.open` function is actually a " +"shortcut to this classmethod." +msgstr "作为替代的构造器。 :func:`tarfile.open` 函数实际上是这个类方法的快捷方式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`TarInfo` object for member *name*. If *name* can not be " +"found in the archive, :exc:`KeyError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"返回成员 *name* 的 :class:`TarInfo` 对象。 如果 *name* 在归档中找不到，则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:447 +msgid "" +"If a member occurs more than once in the archive, its last occurrence is " +"assumed to be the most up-to-date version." +msgstr "如果一个成员在归档中出现超过一次，它的最后一次出现会被视为是最新的版本。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Return the members of the archive as a list of :class:`TarInfo` objects. The" +" list has the same order as the members in the archive." +msgstr "以 :class:`TarInfo` 对象列表的形式返回归档的成员。 列表的顺序与归档中成员的顺序一致。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:459 +msgid "" +"Return the members as a list of their names. It has the same order as the " +"list returned by :meth:`getmembers`." +msgstr "以名称列表的形式返回成员。 它的顺序与 :meth:`getmembers` 所返回列表的顺序一致。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:465 +msgid "" +"Print a table of contents to ``sys.stdout``. If *verbose* is :const:`False`," +" only the names of the members are printed. If it is :const:`True`, output " +"similar to that of :program:`ls -l` is produced. If optional *members* is " +"given, it must be a subset of the list returned by :meth:`getmembers`." +msgstr "" +"将内容清单打印到 ``sys.stdout``。 如果 *verbose* 为 :const:`False`，则将只打印成员名称。 如果为 " +":const:`True`，则输出将类似于 :program:`ls -l` 的输出效果。 如果给定了可选的 *members*，它必须为 " +":meth:`getmembers` 所返回的列表的一个子集。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:470 +msgid "Added the *members* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *members* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:476 +msgid "" +"Return the next member of the archive as a :class:`TarInfo` object, when " +":class:`TarFile` is opened for reading. Return :const:`None` if there is no " +"more available." +msgstr "" +"当 :class:`TarFile` 被打开用于读取时，以 :class:`TarInfo` 对象的形式返回归档的下一个成员。 如果不再有可用对象则返回" +" :const:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:483 +msgid "" +"Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory or " +"directory *path*. If optional *members* is given, it must be a subset of the" +" list returned by :meth:`getmembers`. Directory information like owner, " +"modification time and permissions are set after all members have been " +"extracted. This is done to work around two problems: A directory's " +"modification time is reset each time a file is created in it. And, if a " +"directory's permissions do not allow writing, extracting files to it will " +"fail." +msgstr "" +"将归档中的所有成员提取到当前工作目录或 *path* 目录。 如果给定了可选的 *members*，则它必须为 :meth:`getmembers` " +"所返回的列表的一个子集。 字典信息例如所有者、修改时间和权限会在所有成员提取完毕后被设置。 " +"这样做是为了避免两个问题：目录的修改时间会在每当在其中创建文件时被重置。 并且如果目录的权限不允许写入，提取文件到目录的操作将失败。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:491 +msgid "" +"If *numeric_owner* is :const:`True`, the uid and gid numbers from the " +"tarfile are used to set the owner/group for the extracted files. Otherwise, " +"the named values from the tarfile are used." +msgstr "" +"如果 *numeric_owner* 为 :const:`True`，则将使用来自 tarfile 的 uid 和 gid " +"数值来设置被提取文件的所有者/用户组。 在其他情况下，则会使用来自 tarfile 的名称值。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:495 +msgid "" +"The *filter* argument specifies how ``members`` are modified or rejected " +"before extraction. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details. It is " +"recommended to set this explicitly depending on which *tar* features you " +"need to support." +msgstr "" +"*filter* 参数指明在提取之前要如何修改或拒绝 ``members``。 请参阅 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter`" +" 了解详情。 建议应根据你需要支持的 *tar* 特征显式地设置该参数。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:503 +msgid "" +"Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection. It " +"is possible that files are created outside of *path*, e.g. members that have" +" absolute filenames starting with ``\"/\"`` or filenames with two dots " +"``\"..\"``." +msgstr "" +"绝不要未经预先检验就从不可靠的源中提取归档文件。 这样有可能在 *path* 之外创建文件，例如某些成员具有以 ``\"/\"`` " +"开始的绝对路径文件名或带有两个点号 ``\"..\"`` 的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:508 ../../library/tarfile.rst:541 +msgid "" +"Set ``filter='data'`` to prevent the most dangerous security issues, and " +"read the :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` section for details." +msgstr "" +"设置 ``filter='data'`` 来防止最危险的安全问题，并请参阅 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` " +"一节了解详情。section for details." + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:511 ../../library/tarfile.rst:547 +msgid "Added the *numeric_owner* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *numeric_owner* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:514 ../../library/tarfile.rst:550 +msgid "The *path* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*path* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:517 ../../library/tarfile.rst:553 +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:635 +msgid "Added the *filter* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *filter* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:523 +msgid "" +"Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory, using " +"its full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately as possible. " +"*member* may be a filename or a :class:`TarInfo` object. You can specify a " +"different directory using *path*. *path* may be a :term:`path-like object`. " +"File attributes (owner, mtime, mode) are set unless *set_attrs* is false." +msgstr "" +"从归档中提取出一个成员放入当前工作目录，将使用其完整名称。 成员的文件信息会尽可能精确地被提取。 *member* 可以是一个文件名或 " +":class:`TarInfo` 对象。 你可以使用 *path* 指定一个不同的目录。 *path* 可以是一个 :term:`path-like " +"object`。 将会设置文件属性 (owner, mtime, mode) 除非 *set_attrs* 为假值。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:529 +msgid "" +"The *numeric_owner* and *filter* arguments are the same as for " +":meth:`extractall`." +msgstr "*numeric_owner* 和 *filter* 参数与 :meth:`extractall` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:534 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`extract` method does not take care of several extraction issues. " +"In most cases you should consider using the :meth:`extractall` method." +msgstr ":meth:`extract` 方法不会处理某些提取问题。 在大多数情况下你应当考虑使用 :meth:`extractall` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:539 +msgid "See the warning for :meth:`extractall`." +msgstr "查看 :meth:`extractall` 的警告信息。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:544 +msgid "Added the *set_attrs* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *set_attrs* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:559 +msgid "" +"Extract a member from the archive as a file object. *member* may be a " +"filename or a :class:`TarInfo` object. If *member* is a regular file or a " +"link, an :class:`io.BufferedReader` object is returned. For all other " +"existing members, :const:`None` is returned. If *member* does not appear in " +"the archive, :exc:`KeyError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"将归档中的一个成员提取为文件对象。 *member* 可以是一个文件名或 :class:`TarInfo` 对象。 如果 *member* " +"是一个常规文件或链接，则会返回一个 :class:`io.BufferedReader` 对象。 对于所有其他现有成员，则都将返回 " +":const:`None`。 如果 *member* 未在归档中出现，则会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:565 +msgid "Return an :class:`io.BufferedReader` object." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`io.BufferedReader` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:568 +msgid "" +"The returned :class:`io.BufferedReader` object has the :attr:`!mode` " +"attribute which is always equal to ``'rb'``." +msgstr "返回的 :class:`io.BufferedReader` 对象具有 :attr:`!mode` 属性并且总是会等于 ``'rb'``。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:575 +msgid "" +"If *errorlevel* is ``0``, errors are ignored when using " +":meth:`TarFile.extract` and :meth:`TarFile.extractall`. Nevertheless, they " +"appear as error messages in the debug output when *debug* is greater than 0." +" If ``1`` (the default), all *fatal* errors are raised as :exc:`OSError` or " +":exc:`FilterError` exceptions. If ``2``, all *non-fatal* errors are raised " +"as :exc:`TarError` exceptions as well." +msgstr "" +"如果 *errorlevel* 为 ``0``，则在使用 :meth:`TarFile.extract` 和 " +":meth:`TarFile.extractall` 时错误会被忽略。 不过，当 *debug* 大于 0 时它们将会作为错误消息在调试输出中出现。 " +"如果 *errorlevel*为 ``1`` (默认值)，则所有 *fatal* 错误都会作为 :exc:`OSError` 或 " +":exc:`FilterError` 异常被引发。 如果为 ``2``，则所有 *non-fatal* 错误也会作为 :exc:`TarError` " +"异常被引发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:583 +msgid "" +"Some exceptions, e.g. ones caused by wrong argument types or data " +"corruption, are always raised." +msgstr "某些异常，如参数类型错误或数据损坏导致的异常，总是会被触发。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:586 +msgid "" +"Custom :ref:`extraction filters ` should raise " +":exc:`FilterError` for *fatal* errors and :exc:`ExtractError` for *non-" +"fatal* ones." +msgstr "" +"自定义 :ref:`提取过滤器 ` 应针对 *fatal* 错误引发 " +":exc:`FilterError`，针对 *non-fatal* 错误引发 :exc:`ExtractError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Note that when an exception is raised, the archive may be partially " +"extracted. It is the user’s responsibility to clean up." +msgstr "请注意，当出现异常时，存档可能会被部分提取。用需要户负责进行清理。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:597 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`extraction filter ` used as a default " +"for the *filter* argument of :meth:`~TarFile.extract` and " +":meth:`~TarFile.extractall`." +msgstr "" +"被用作 :meth:`~TarFile.extract` 和 :meth:`~TarFile.extractall` 的 *filter* " +"参数的默认值的 :ref:`提取过滤器 `。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:601 +msgid "" +"The attribute may be ``None`` or a callable. String names are not allowed " +"for this attribute, unlike the *filter* argument to " +":meth:`~TarFile.extract`." +msgstr "" +"该属性可以为 ``None`` 或是一个可调用对象。 与 :meth:`~TarFile.extract` 的 *filter* " +"参数不同，该属性不允许使用字符串名称。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:605 +msgid "" +"If ``extraction_filter`` is ``None`` (the default), calling an extraction " +"method without a *filter* argument will raise a ``DeprecationWarning``, and " +"fall back to the :func:`fully_trusted ` filter, whose " +"dangerous behavior matches previous versions of Python." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``extraction_filter`` 为 ``None`` (默认值)，则不带 *filter* 参数调用提取方法将引发 " +"``DeprecationWarning``，并回退至 :func:`fully_trusted ` " +"过滤器，其危险行为与之前版本的 Python 一致。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:611 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.14+, leaving ``extraction_filter=None`` will cause extraction " +"methods to use the :func:`data ` filter by default." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.14+ 中，保持 ``extraction_filter=None`` 将导致提取方法默认使用 :func:`data " +"` 过滤器。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:614 +msgid "" +"The attribute may be set on instances or overridden in subclasses. It also " +"is possible to set it on the ``TarFile`` class itself to set a global " +"default, although, since it affects all uses of *tarfile*, it is best " +"practice to only do so in top-level applications or :mod:`site configuration" +" `. To set a global default this way, a filter function needs to be " +"wrapped in :func:`staticmethod` to prevent injection of a ``self`` argument." +msgstr "" +"该属性可在实例上设置或在子类中覆盖。 也可以在 ``TarFile`` 类本身上设置它以设置一个全局默认值，不过，由于它会影响 *tarfile* " +"的所有使用，最好的做法是只在最高层级应和程序或 :mod:`站点配置 ` 中这样做。 要以这种方式设置全局默认值，需要将一个过滤器函数包装在" +" :func:`staticmethod` 中以防止 ``self`` 参数的注入。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:624 +msgid "" +"Add the file *name* to the archive. *name* may be any type of file " +"(directory, fifo, symbolic link, etc.). If given, *arcname* specifies an " +"alternative name for the file in the archive. Directories are added " +"recursively by default. This can be avoided by setting *recursive* to " +":const:`False`. Recursion adds entries in sorted order. If *filter* is " +"given, it should be a function that takes a :class:`TarInfo` object argument" +" and returns the changed :class:`TarInfo` object. If it instead returns " +":const:`None` the :class:`TarInfo` object will be excluded from the archive." +" See :ref:`tar-examples` for an example." +msgstr "" +"将文件 *name* 添加到归档。 *name* 可以为任意类型的文件（目录、fifo、符号链接等等）。 如果给出 *arcname* " +"则它将为归档中的文件指定一个替代名称。 默认情况下会递归地添加目录。 这可以通过将 *recursive* 设为 :const:`False` 来避免。" +" 递归操作会按排序顺序添加条目。 如果给定了 *filter*，它应当为一个接受 :class:`TarInfo` 对象并返回已修改 " +":class:`TarInfo` 对象的函数。 如果它返回 :const:`None` 则 :class:`TarInfo` 对象将从归档中被排除。 " +"具体示例参见 :ref:`tar-examples`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:638 +msgid "Recursion adds entries in sorted order." +msgstr "递归操作按排序顺序添加条目。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Add the :class:`TarInfo` object *tarinfo* to the archive. If *tarinfo* " +"represents a non zero-size regular file, the *fileobj* argument should be a " +":term:`binary file`, and ``tarinfo.size`` bytes are read from it and added " +"to the archive. You can create :class:`TarInfo` objects directly, or by " +"using :meth:`gettarinfo`." +msgstr "" +"将 :class:`TarInfo` 对象 *tarinfo* 添加到归档中。 如果 *tarinfo* 代表一个大小不为零的常规文件，则 " +"*fileobj* 参数应为一个 :term:`binary file`，且会从中读取 ``tarinfo.size`` 个字节并添加到归档中。 " +"你可以直接创建 :class:`TarInfo` 对象，或者也可以使用 :meth:`gettarinfo`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:651 +msgid "*fileobj* must be given for non-zero-sized regular files." +msgstr "对于大小不为零的常规文件必须给出 *fileobj*。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:656 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`TarInfo` object from the result of :func:`os.stat` or " +"equivalent on an existing file. The file is either named by *name*, or " +"specified as a :term:`file object` *fileobj* with a file descriptor. *name* " +"may be a :term:`path-like object`. If given, *arcname* specifies an " +"alternative name for the file in the archive, otherwise, the name is taken " +"from *fileobj*’s :attr:`~io.FileIO.name` attribute, or the *name* argument." +" The name should be a text string." +msgstr "" +"基于 :func:`os.stat` 的结果或者现有文件的相同数据创建一个 :class:`TarInfo`。 文件或者是命名为 " +"*name*，或者是使用文件描述符指定为一个 :term:`file object` *fileobj*。 *name* 可以是一个 " +":term:`path-like object`。 如果给定了 *arcname*，则它将为归档中的文件指定一个替代名称，在其他情况下，名称将从 " +"*fileobj* 的 :attr:`~io.FileIO.name` 属性或 *name* 参数获取。 名称应当是一个文本字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:665 +msgid "" +"You can modify some of the :class:`TarInfo`’s attributes before you add it " +"using :meth:`addfile`. If the file object is not an ordinary file object " +"positioned at the beginning of the file, attributes such as " +":attr:`~TarInfo.size` may need modifying. This is the case for objects such" +" as :class:`~gzip.GzipFile`. The :attr:`~TarInfo.name` may also be modified," +" in which case *arcname* could be a dummy string." +msgstr "" +"你可以在使用 :meth:`addfile` 添加 :class:`TarInfo` 的某些属性之前修改它们。 " +"如果文件对象不是从文件开头进行定位的普通文件对象，:attr:`~TarInfo.size` 之类的属性就可能需要修改。 例如 " +":class:`~gzip.GzipFile` 之类的文件就属于这种情况。 :attr:`~TarInfo.name` 也可以被修改，在这种情况下 " +"*arcname* 可以是一个占位字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:679 +msgid "" +"Close the :class:`TarFile`. In write mode, two finishing zero blocks are " +"appended to the archive." +msgstr "关闭 :class:`TarFile`。 在写入模式下，会向归档添加两个表示结束的零数据块。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:686 +msgid "A dictionary containing key-value pairs of pax global headers." +msgstr "一个包含 pax 全局标头的键值对的字典。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:693 +msgid "TarInfo Objects" +msgstr "TarInfo 对象" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:695 +msgid "" +"A :class:`TarInfo` object represents one member in a :class:`TarFile`. Aside" +" from storing all required attributes of a file (like file type, size, time," +" permissions, owner etc.), it provides some useful methods to determine its " +"type. It does *not* contain the file's data itself." +msgstr "" +":class:`TarInfo` 对象代表 :class:`TarFile` 中的一个文件。 " +"除了会存储所有必要的文件属性（例如文件类型、大小、时间、权限、所有者等），它还提供了一些确定文件类型的有用方法。 此对象 *并不* 包含文件数据本身。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:700 +msgid "" +":class:`TarInfo` objects are returned by :class:`TarFile`'s methods " +":meth:`~TarFile.getmember`, :meth:`~TarFile.getmembers` and " +":meth:`~TarFile.gettarinfo`." +msgstr "" +":class:`TarInfo` 对象可通过 :class:`TarFile` 的方法 :meth:`~TarFile.getmember`, " +":meth:`~TarFile.getmembers` 和 :meth:`~TarFile.gettarinfo` 返回。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Modifying the objects returned by :meth:`~TarFile.getmember` or " +":meth:`~TarFile.getmembers` will affect all subsequent operations on the " +"archive. For cases where this is unwanted, you can use :mod:`copy.copy() " +"` or call the :meth:`~TarInfo.replace` method to create a modified " +"copy in one step." +msgstr "" +"修改 :meth:`~TarFile.getmember` 或 :meth:`~TarFile.getmembers` " +"返回的对象会影响在上的所有后续操作。 对于不想要这样的场景，你可以使用 :mod:`copy.copy() ` 或调用 " +":meth:`~TarInfo.replace` 方法一次性创建修改后的副本。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:710 +msgid "" +"Several attributes can be set to ``None`` to indicate that a piece of " +"metadata is unused or unknown. Different :class:`TarInfo` methods handle " +"``None`` differently:" +msgstr "" +"部分属性可以设为 ``None`` 以表示一些元数据未被使用或未知。 不同的 :class:`TarInfo` 方法会以不同的方式处理 " +"``None``:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:714 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~TarFile.extract` or :meth:`~TarFile.extractall` methods will " +"ignore the corresponding metadata, leaving it set to a default." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~TarFile.extract` 或 :meth:`~TarFile.extractall` 方法会忽略相应的元数据，让其保持默认设置。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:716 +msgid ":meth:`~TarFile.addfile` will fail." +msgstr ":meth:`~TarFile.addfile` 将会失败。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:717 +msgid ":meth:`~TarFile.list` will print a placeholder string." +msgstr ":meth:`~TarFile.list` 将打印一个占位字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:721 +msgid "Create a :class:`TarInfo` object." +msgstr "创建一个 :class:`TarInfo` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:726 +msgid "Create and return a :class:`TarInfo` object from string buffer *buf*." +msgstr "基于字符串缓冲区 *buf* 创建并返回一个 :class:`TarInfo` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:728 +msgid "Raises :exc:`HeaderError` if the buffer is invalid." +msgstr "如果缓冲区无效则会引发 :exc:`HeaderError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:733 +msgid "" +"Read the next member from the :class:`TarFile` object *tarfile* and return " +"it as a :class:`TarInfo` object." +msgstr "从 :class:`TarFile` 对象 *tarfile* 读取下一个成员并将其作为 :class:`TarInfo` 对象返回。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:739 +msgid "" +"Create a string buffer from a :class:`TarInfo` object. For information on " +"the arguments see the constructor of the :class:`TarFile` class." +msgstr "基于 :class:`TarInfo` 对象创建一个字符串缓冲区。 有关参数的信息请参见 :class:`TarFile` 类的构造器。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:746 +msgid "A ``TarInfo`` object has the following public data attributes:" +msgstr "``TarInfo`` 对象具有以下公有数据属性:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:752 +msgid "Name of the archive member." +msgstr "归档成员的名称。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:758 +msgid "Size in bytes." +msgstr "以字节表示的大小。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:764 +msgid "" +"Time of last modification in seconds since the :ref:`epoch `, as in " +":attr:`os.stat_result.st_mtime`." +msgstr "" +"以 :ref:`Unix 纪元 ` 秒数表示的最近修改时间，与 :attr:`os.stat_result.st_mtime` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:769 ../../library/tarfile.rst:780 +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:812 ../../library/tarfile.rst:823 +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:834 ../../library/tarfile.rst:845 +msgid "" +"Can be set to ``None`` for :meth:`~TarFile.extract` and " +":meth:`~TarFile.extractall`, causing extraction to skip applying this " +"attribute." +msgstr "" +"对于 :meth:`~TarFile.extract` 和 :meth:`~TarFile.extractall` 可设为 " +"``None``，以使解压缩操作跳过应用此属性。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:776 +msgid "Permission bits, as for :func:`os.chmod`." +msgstr "权限比特位，与 :func:`os.chmod` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:786 +msgid "" +"File type. *type* is usually one of these constants: :const:`REGTYPE`, " +":const:`AREGTYPE`, :const:`LNKTYPE`, :const:`SYMTYPE`, :const:`DIRTYPE`, " +":const:`FIFOTYPE`, :const:`CONTTYPE`, :const:`CHRTYPE`, :const:`BLKTYPE`, " +":const:`GNUTYPE_SPARSE`. To determine the type of a :class:`TarInfo` object" +" more conveniently, use the ``is*()`` methods below." +msgstr "" +"文件类型。 *type* 通常为以下常量之一: :const:`REGTYPE`, :const:`AREGTYPE`, " +":const:`LNKTYPE`, :const:`SYMTYPE`, :const:`DIRTYPE`, :const:`FIFOTYPE`, " +":const:`CONTTYPE`, :const:`CHRTYPE`, :const:`BLKTYPE`, " +":const:`GNUTYPE_SPARSE`。 要更方便地确定一个 :class:`TarInfo` 对象的类型，请使用下述的 ``is*()`` " +"方法。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:796 +msgid "" +"Name of the target file name, which is only present in :class:`TarInfo` " +"objects of type :const:`LNKTYPE` and :const:`SYMTYPE`." +msgstr "" +"目标文件名的名称，该属性仅在类型为 :const:`LNKTYPE` 和 :const:`SYMTYPE` 的 :class:`TarInfo` " +"对象中存在。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:799 +msgid "" +"For symbolic links (``SYMTYPE``), the *linkname* is relative to the " +"directory that contains the link. For hard links (``LNKTYPE``), the " +"*linkname* is relative to the root of the archive." +msgstr "" +"对于符号链接 (``SYMTYPE``)，*linkname* 是相对于包含链接的目录的。 对于硬链接 (``LNKTYPE``)，*linkname*" +" 则是相对于存档根目录的。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:808 +msgid "User ID of the user who originally stored this member." +msgstr "最初保存该成员的用户的用户 ID。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:819 +msgid "Group ID of the user who originally stored this member." +msgstr "最初保存该成员的用户的分组 ID。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:830 +msgid "User name." +msgstr "用户名。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:841 +msgid "Group name." +msgstr "分组名。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:852 +msgid "Header checksum." +msgstr "标头校验和。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:858 +msgid "Device major number." +msgstr "设备主编号。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:864 +msgid "Device minor number." +msgstr "设备次编号。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:870 +msgid "The tar header starts here." +msgstr "tar 标头从这里开始。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:876 +msgid "The file's data starts here." +msgstr "文件的数据从这里开始。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:881 +msgid "Sparse member information." +msgstr "离散的成员信息。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:887 +msgid "" +"A dictionary containing key-value pairs of an associated pax extended " +"header." +msgstr "一个包含所关联的 pax 扩展标头的键值对的字典。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:895 +msgid "" +"Return a *new* copy of the :class:`!TarInfo` object with the given " +"attributes changed. For example, to return a ``TarInfo`` with the group name" +" set to ``'staff'``, use::" +msgstr "" +"返回修改了给定属性的 :class:`!TarInfo` 对象的 *新* 副本。 例如，要返回组名设为 ``'staff'`` 的 " +"``TarInfo``，请使用::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:899 +msgid "new_tarinfo = old_tarinfo.replace(gname='staff')" +msgstr "new_tarinfo = old_tarinfo.replace(gname='staff')" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:901 +msgid "" +"By default, a deep copy is made. If *deep* is false, the copy is shallow, " +"i.e. ``pax_headers`` and any custom attributes are shared with the original " +"``TarInfo`` object." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，将执行深拷贝。 如果 *deep* 为假值，则执行浅拷贝，即 ``pax_headers`` 及任何自定义属性都与原始 " +"``TarInfo`` 对象共享。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:905 +msgid "A :class:`TarInfo` object also provides some convenient query methods:" +msgstr ":class:`TarInfo` 对象还提供了一些便捷查询方法:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:910 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if the :class:`TarInfo` object is a regular file." +msgstr "如果 :class:`TarInfo` 对象为普通文件则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:915 +msgid "Same as :meth:`isfile`." +msgstr "与 :meth:`isfile` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:920 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if it is a directory." +msgstr "如果为目录则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:925 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if it is a symbolic link." +msgstr "如果为符号链接则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:930 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if it is a hard link." +msgstr "如果为硬链接则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:935 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if it is a character device." +msgstr "如果为字符设备则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:940 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if it is a block device." +msgstr "如果为块设备则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:945 +msgid "Return :const:`True` if it is a FIFO." +msgstr "如果为 FIFO 则返回 :const:`True`。." + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:950 +msgid "" +"Return :const:`True` if it is one of character device, block device or FIFO." +msgstr "如果为字符设备、块设备或 FIFO 之一则返回 :const:`True`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:956 +msgid "Extraction filters" +msgstr "解压缩过滤器" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:960 +msgid "" +"The *tar* format is designed to capture all details of a UNIX-like " +"filesystem, which makes it very powerful. Unfortunately, the features make " +"it easy to create tar files that have unintended -- and possibly malicious " +"-- effects when extracted. For example, extracting a tar file can overwrite " +"arbitrary files in various ways (e.g. by using absolute paths, ``..`` path " +"components, or symlinks that affect later members)." +msgstr "" +"*tar* 格式的设计旨在捕捉类 UNIX 文件系统的所有细节，这使其功能非常强大。 不幸的是，这些特性也使得很容易创建在解压缩时产生意想不到的 -- " +"甚至可能是恶意的 -- 影响的 tar 文件。 举例来说，解压缩 tar 文件时可以通过各种方式覆盖任意文件（例如通过使用绝对路径、``..`` " +"路径组件或影响后续成员的符号链接等）。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:968 +msgid "" +"In most cases, the full functionality is not needed. Therefore, *tarfile* " +"supports extraction filters: a mechanism to limit functionality, and thus " +"mitigate some of the security issues." +msgstr "在大多数情况下，并不需要全部的功能。 因此，*tarfile* 支持提取过滤器：一种限制功能的机制，从而避免一些安全问题。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:974 +msgid ":pep:`706`" +msgstr ":pep:`706`" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:975 +msgid "Contains further motivation and rationale behind the design." +msgstr "包含设计背后进一步的动机和理由。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:977 +msgid "" +"The *filter* argument to :meth:`TarFile.extract` or " +":meth:`~TarFile.extractall` can be:" +msgstr "" +":meth:`TarFile.extract` 或 :meth:`~TarFile.extractall` 的 *filter* 参数可以是：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:980 +msgid "" +"the string ``'fully_trusted'``: Honor all metadata as specified in the " +"archive. Should be used if the user trusts the archive completely, or " +"implements their own complex verification." +msgstr "" +"字符串 ``'fully_trusted'``：尊重归档文件中指定的所有元数据。 如果用户完全信任该归档，或实现了自己的复杂验证则应使用此过滤器。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:985 +msgid "" +"the string ``'tar'``: Honor most *tar*-specific features (i.e. features of " +"UNIX-like filesystems), but block features that are very likely to be " +"surprising or malicious. See :func:`tar_filter` for details." +msgstr "" +"字符串 ``'tar'``: 尊重大多数 *tar* 专属的特性（即类 UNIX 文件系统的功能），但阻止极有可能令人惊讶的或恶意的功能。 详情参见 " +":func:`tar_filter`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:989 +msgid "" +"the string ``'data'``: Ignore or block most features specific to UNIX-like " +"filesystems. Intended for extracting cross-platform data archives. See " +":func:`data_filter` for details." +msgstr "" +"字符串 ``'data'``：忽略或阻止大多数类 UNIX 文件系统专属的特性。 用于提取跨平台数据归档文件。 详情参见 " +":func:`data_filter`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:993 +msgid "``None`` (default): Use :attr:`TarFile.extraction_filter`." +msgstr "``None`` (默认): 使用 :attr:`TarFile.extraction_filter`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:995 +msgid "" +"If that is also ``None`` (the default), raise a ``DeprecationWarning``, and " +"fall back to the ``'fully_trusted'`` filter, whose dangerous behavior " +"matches previous versions of Python." +msgstr "" +"如果这也为 ``None`` (默认值)，则引发 ``DeprecationWarning``，并回退为 ``'fully_trusted'`` " +"过滤器，其危险行为与之前版本的 Python 一致。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:999 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.14, the ``'data'`` filter will become the default instead. It's " +"possible to switch earlier; see :attr:`TarFile.extraction_filter`." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.14 中，``'data'`` 过滤器将变成默认选项。 也可以提前切换，参见 " +":attr:`TarFile.extraction_filter`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"A callable which will be called for each extracted member with a " +":ref:`TarInfo ` describing the member and the destination " +"path to where the archive is extracted (i.e. the same path is used for all " +"members)::" +msgstr "" +"该可调用对象将针每个被提取的成员执行调用并附带一个 :ref:`TarInfo ` " +"来描述该成员以及被提取归档文件的目标路径（即供所有成员使用的相同路径）::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1007 +msgid "filter(member: TarInfo, path: str, /) -> TarInfo | None" +msgstr "filter(member: TarInfo, path: str, /) -> TarInfo | None" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"The callable is called just before each member is extracted, so it can take " +"the current state of the disk into account. It can:" +msgstr "该可调用对象会在提取每个成员之前被调用，因此它能够将磁盘的当前状态考虑在内。 它可以：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1013 +msgid "" +"return a :class:`TarInfo` object which will be used instead of the metadata " +"in the archive, or" +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`TarInfo` 对象，该对象将被用来代替归档文件中的元数据，或者" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1015 +msgid "return ``None``, in which case the member will be skipped, or" +msgstr "返回 ``None``，在这种情况下该成员将被跳过，或者" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"raise an exception to abort the operation or skip the member, depending on " +":attr:`~TarFile.errorlevel`. Note that when extraction is aborted, " +":meth:`~TarFile.extractall` may leave the archive partially extracted. It " +"does not attempt to clean up." +msgstr "" +"根据 :attr:`~TarFile.errorlevel` 的值引发一个异常以中止操作或跳过成员。 " +"请注意当提取操作中止时，:meth:`~TarFile.extractall` 可能会保留部分已提取的归档文件。 它不会尝试执行清理。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1022 +msgid "Default named filters" +msgstr "默认的命名过滤器" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"The pre-defined, named filters are available as functions, so they can be " +"reused in custom filters:" +msgstr "预定义的命名过滤器可作为函数使用，因此它们可在自定义过滤器中被重用：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1029 +msgid "Return *member* unchanged." +msgstr "不加修改地返回 *member*。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1031 +msgid "This implements the ``'fully_trusted'`` filter." +msgstr "实现 ``'fully_trusted'`` 过滤器。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1035 +msgid "Implements the ``'tar'`` filter." +msgstr "实现 ``'tar'`` 过滤器。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1037 +msgid "Strip leading slashes (``/`` and :data:`os.sep`) from filenames." +msgstr "从文件名中去除开头的斜杠 (``/`` 和 :data:`os.sep`)。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1038 +msgid "" +":ref:`Refuse ` to extract files with absolute " +"paths (in case the name is absolute even after stripping slashes, e.g. " +"``C:/foo`` on Windows). This raises :class:`~tarfile.AbsolutePathError`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`拒绝 ` 提取具有绝对路径的文件（针对名称在去除斜杠后仍为绝对路径的情况，例如 " +"Windows 上 ``C:/foo`` 这样的路径）。 这会引发 :class:`~tarfile.AbsolutePathError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1042 +msgid "" +":ref:`Refuse ` to extract files whose absolute " +"path (after following symlinks) would end up outside the destination. This " +"raises :class:`~tarfile.OutsideDestinationError`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`拒绝 ` 提取具有位于目标以外的绝对路径（跟随符号链接之后）的文件。这会引发 " +":class:`~tarfile.OutsideDestinationError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1045 +msgid "" +"Clear high mode bits (setuid, setgid, sticky) and group/other write bits " +"(:const:`~stat.S_IWGRP` | :const:`~stat.S_IWOTH`)." +msgstr "" +"清空高模式位 (setuid, setgid, sticky) 和 group/other 写入位 (:const:`~stat.S_IWGRP` | " +":const:`~stat.S_IWOTH`)。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1048 ../../library/tarfile.rst:1081 +msgid "Return the modified ``TarInfo`` member." +msgstr "返回修改后的 ``TarInfo`` 成员。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"Implements the ``'data'`` filter. In addition to what ``tar_filter`` does:" +msgstr "实现 ``'data'`` 过滤器。 在 ``tar_filter`` 的所具有的功能之外：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1055 +msgid "" +":ref:`Refuse ` to extract links (hard or soft) " +"that link to absolute paths, or ones that link outside the destination." +msgstr "" +":ref:`拒绝 ` 提取链接到绝对路径的链接（不论是硬链接还是软链接），或链接到目标之外的链接。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"This raises :class:`~tarfile.AbsoluteLinkError` or " +":class:`~tarfile.LinkOutsideDestinationError`." +msgstr "" +"这会引发 :class:`~tarfile.AbsoluteLinkError` 或 " +":class:`~tarfile.LinkOutsideDestinationError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1061 +msgid "" +"Note that such files are refused even on platforms that do not support " +"symbolic links." +msgstr "请注意即使在不支持符号链接的平台上此类文件也会被拒绝。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1064 +msgid "" +":ref:`Refuse ` to extract device files (including" +" pipes). This raises :class:`~tarfile.SpecialFileError`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`拒绝 ` 提取设备文件（包括管道）。 这会引发 " +":class:`~tarfile.SpecialFileError`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1068 +msgid "For regular files, including hard links:" +msgstr "用于常规文件，包括硬链接：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"Set the owner read and write permissions (:const:`~stat.S_IRUSR` | " +":const:`~stat.S_IWUSR`)." +msgstr "设置所有者读写权限 (:const:`~stat.S_IRUSR` | :const:`~stat.S_IWUSR`)。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1072 +msgid "" +"Remove the group & other executable permission (:const:`~stat.S_IXGRP` | " +":const:`~stat.S_IXOTH`) if the owner doesn’t have it " +"(:const:`~stat.S_IXUSR`)." +msgstr "" +"如果所有者没有 group 和 other 可执行权限 (:const:`~stat.S_IXGRP` | " +":const:`~stat.S_IXOTH`) 则移除它 (:const:`~stat.S_IXUSR`)。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1076 +msgid "" +"For other files (directories), set ``mode`` to ``None``, so that extraction " +"methods skip applying permission bits." +msgstr "对于其他文件（目录），将 ``mode`` 设为 ``None``，以便提取方法跳过应用权限位。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"Set user and group info (``uid``, ``gid``, ``uname``, ``gname``) to " +"``None``, so that extraction methods skip setting it." +msgstr "" +"将用户和组信息 (``uid``, ``gid``, ``uname``, ``gname``) 设为 ``None``，以使得提取方法跳过对它的设置。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1087 +msgid "Filter errors" +msgstr "过滤器错误" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"When a filter refuses to extract a file, it will raise an appropriate " +"exception, a subclass of :class:`~tarfile.FilterError`. This will abort the " +"extraction if :attr:`TarFile.errorlevel` is 1 or more. With ``errorlevel=0``" +" the error will be logged and the member will be skipped, but extraction " +"will continue." +msgstr "" +"当过滤器拒绝提取文件时，它将引发一个适当的异常，即 :class:`~tarfile.FilterError` 的子类。 如果 " +":attr:`TarFile.errorlevel` 为 1 或更大的值则提取将中止。 如果 ``errorlevel=0`` " +"则会记录错误并跳过该成员，但提取仍会继续。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1097 +msgid "Hints for further verification" +msgstr "进一步核验的提示" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1099 +msgid "" +"Even with ``filter='data'``, *tarfile* is not suited for extracting " +"untrusted files without prior inspection. Among other issues, the pre-" +"defined filters do not prevent denial-of-service attacks. Users should do " +"additional checks." +msgstr "" +"即使 ``filter='data'``，*tarfile* 也不适合在没有事先检查的情况下提取不受信任的文件。 " +"除其他问题外，预定义的过滤器不能防止拒绝服务攻击。 用户应当进行额外的检查。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1104 +msgid "Here is an incomplete list of things to consider:" +msgstr "以下是一份不完整的考虑事项列表：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1106 +msgid "" +"Extract to a :func:`new temporary directory ` to prevent " +"e.g. exploiting pre-existing links, and to make it easier to clean up after " +"a failed extraction." +msgstr "提取到 :func:`新的临时目录 ` 以避免滥用已存在的链接等问题，并使得提取失败后更容易清理。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"When working with untrusted data, use external (e.g. OS-level) limits on " +"disk, memory and CPU usage." +msgstr "在处理不受信任的数据时，使用外部（例如操作系统层级）的磁盘、内存和 CPU 使用限制。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"Check filenames against an allow-list of characters (to filter out control " +"characters, confusables, foreign path separators, etc.)." +msgstr "根据允许字符列表检查文件名（来过滤控制字符、易混淆字符、外来路径分隔符等）。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1114 +msgid "" +"Check that filenames have expected extensions (discouraging files that " +"execute when you “click on them”, or extension-less files like Windows " +"special device names)." +msgstr "检查文件名是否有预期的扩展名（不鼓励使用在“点击”时会被执行的文件，或像 Windows 特殊设备名称这样没有扩展名的文件）。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"Limit the number of extracted files, total size of extracted data, filename " +"length (including symlink length), and size of individual files." +msgstr "限制提取文件的数量、提取数据的总大小、文件名长度（包括符号链接长度）以及单个文件的大小。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1118 +msgid "" +"Check for files that would be shadowed on case-insensitive filesystems." +msgstr "检查在不区分大小写的文件系统上会被屏蔽的文件。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1120 +msgid "Also note that:" +msgstr "还需要注意：" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"Tar files may contain multiple versions of the same file. Later ones are " +"expected to overwrite any earlier ones. This feature is crucial to allow " +"updating tape archives, but can be abused maliciously." +msgstr "Tar 文件可能包含同一文件的多个版本。 较晚的版本会覆盖任何较早的版本。 这一功能对于更新磁带归档来说至关重要，但也可能被恶意滥用。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"*tarfile* does not protect against issues with “live” data, e.g. an attacker" +" tinkering with the destination (or source) directory while extraction (or " +"archiving) is in progress." +msgstr "*tarfile* 无法为“实时”数据的问题提供保护，例如在提取（或归档）过程中攻击者对目标（或源）目录进行了改动。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1132 +msgid "Supporting older Python versions" +msgstr "支持较早的 Python 版本" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1134 +msgid "" +"Extraction filters were added to Python 3.12, but may be backported to older" +" versions as security updates. To check whether the feature is available, " +"use e.g. ``hasattr(tarfile, 'data_filter')`` rather than checking the Python" +" version." +msgstr "" +"提取过滤器是在 Python 3.12 中增加的，但可能会作为安全更新向下移植到较老的版本。 要检查该特性是否可用，请使用 " +"``hasattr(tarfile, 'data_filter')`` 而不是检查 Python 版本。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"The following examples show how to support Python versions with and without " +"the feature. Note that setting ``extraction_filter`` will affect any " +"subsequent operations." +msgstr "" +"下面的例子演示了如何支持带有和没有有该功能的 Python 版本。 请注意设置 ``extraction_filter`` 会影响任何后续的操作。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1143 +msgid "Fully trusted archive::" +msgstr "完全受信任的归档::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"my_tarfile.extraction_filter = (lambda member, path: member)\n" +"my_tarfile.extractall()" +msgstr "" +"my_tarfile.extraction_filter = (lambda member, path: member)\n" +"my_tarfile.extractall()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"Use the ``'data'`` filter if available, but revert to Python 3.11 behavior " +"(``'fully_trusted'``) if this feature is not available::" +msgstr "" +"如果可用则使用 ``'data'`` 过滤器；如果此特性不可用，则恢复为 Python 3.11 的行为 (``'fully_trusted'``)::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"my_tarfile.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, 'data_filter',\n" +" (lambda member, path: member))\n" +"my_tarfile.extractall()" +msgstr "" +"my_tarfile.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, 'data_filter',\n" +" (lambda member, path: member))\n" +"my_tarfile.extractall()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1155 +msgid "Use the ``'data'`` filter; *fail* if it is not available::" +msgstr "使用 ``'data'`` 过滤器；如果不可用则 *fail*::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1157 +msgid "my_tarfile.extractall(filter=tarfile.data_filter)" +msgstr "my_tarfile.extractall(filter=tarfile.data_filter)" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1159 +msgid "or::" +msgstr "或者::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"my_tarfile.extraction_filter = tarfile.data_filter\n" +"my_tarfile.extractall()" +msgstr "" +"my_tarfile.extraction_filter = tarfile.data_filter\n" +"my_tarfile.extractall()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1164 +msgid "Use the ``'data'`` filter; *warn* if it is not available::" +msgstr "使用 ``'data'`` 过滤器；如果不可用则 *warn*::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"if hasattr(tarfile, 'data_filter'):\n" +" my_tarfile.extractall(filter='data')\n" +"else:\n" +" # remove this when no longer needed\n" +" warn_the_user('Extracting may be unsafe; consider updating Python')\n" +" my_tarfile.extractall()" +msgstr "" +"if hasattr(tarfile, 'data_filter'):\n" +" my_tarfile.extractall(filter='data')\n" +"else:\n" +" # 当不再需要时移除这个\n" +" warn_the_user('Extracting may be unsafe; consider updating Python')\n" +" my_tarfile.extractall()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1175 +msgid "Stateful extraction filter example" +msgstr "有状态的提取过滤器示例" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"While *tarfile*'s extraction methods take a simple *filter* callable, custom" +" filters may be more complex objects with an internal state. It may be " +"useful to write these as context managers, to be used like this::" +msgstr "" +"*tarfile* 的提取方法接受一个简单的 *filter* 可调用对象，而自定义过滤器则可以是具有内部状态的更复杂对象。 " +"将其写成为下文管理器可能会很有用处，即以这样的方式使用::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"with StatefulFilter() as filter_func:\n" +" tar.extractall(path, filter=filter_func)" +msgstr "" +"with StatefulFilter() as filter_func:\n" +" tar.extractall(path, filter=filter_func)" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1184 +msgid "Such a filter can be written as, for example::" +msgstr "例如，这种过滤器可以写成::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"class StatefulFilter:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.file_count = 0\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, member, path):\n" +" self.file_count += 1\n" +" return member\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc_info):\n" +" print(f'{self.file_count} files extracted')" +msgstr "" +"class StatefulFilter:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.file_count = 0\n" +"\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __call__(self, member, path):\n" +" self.file_count += 1\n" +" return member\n" +"\n" +" def __exit__(self, *exc_info):\n" +" print(f'{self.file_count} files extracted')" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1206 +msgid "Command-Line Interface" +msgstr "命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module provides a simple command-line interface to " +"interact with tar archives." +msgstr ":mod:`tarfile` 模块提供了简单的命令行接口以便与 tar 归档进行交互。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"If you want to create a new tar archive, specify its name after the " +":option:`-c` option and then list the filename(s) that should be included:" +msgstr "如果你想要创建一个新的 tar 归档，请在 :option:`-c` 选项后指定其名称然后列出应当被包含的文件名:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1216 +msgid "$ python -m tarfile -c monty.tar spam.txt eggs.txt" +msgstr "$ python -m tarfile -c monty.tar spam.txt eggs.txt" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1220 +msgid "Passing a directory is also acceptable:" +msgstr "传入一个字典也是可接受的:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1222 +msgid "$ python -m tarfile -c monty.tar life-of-brian_1979/" +msgstr "$ python -m tarfile -c monty.tar life-of-brian_1979/" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"If you want to extract a tar archive into the current directory, use the " +":option:`-e` option:" +msgstr "如果你想要将一个 tar 归档提取到指定的目录，请使用 :option:`-e` 选项:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1229 +msgid "$ python -m tarfile -e monty.tar" +msgstr "$ python -m tarfile -e monty.tar" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"You can also extract a tar archive into a different directory by passing the" +" directory's name:" +msgstr "你也可以通过传入目录名称将一个 tar 归档提取到不同的目录:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1236 +msgid "$ python -m tarfile -e monty.tar other-dir/" +msgstr "$ python -m tarfile -e monty.tar other-dir/" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1240 +msgid "For a list of the files in a tar archive, use the :option:`-l` option:" +msgstr "要获取一个 tar 归档中文件的列表，请使用 :option:`-l` 选项:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1242 +msgid "$ python -m tarfile -l monty.tar" +msgstr "$ python -m tarfile -l monty.tar" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1248 +msgid "Command-line options" +msgstr "命令行选项" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1253 +msgid "List files in a tarfile." +msgstr "列出一个 tarfile 中的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1258 +msgid "Create tarfile from source files." +msgstr "基于源文件创建 tarfile。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"Extract tarfile into the current directory if *output_dir* is not specified." +msgstr "如果未指定 *output_dir* 则会将 tarfile 提取到当前目录。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1268 +msgid "Test whether the tarfile is valid or not." +msgstr "检测 tarfile 是否有效。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1272 +msgid "Verbose output." +msgstr "更详细地输出结果。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1276 +msgid "" +"Specifies the *filter* for ``--extract``. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-" +"filter` for details. Only string names are accepted (that is, " +"``fully_trusted``, ``tar``, and ``data``)." +msgstr "" +"为 ``--extract`` 指定 *filter*。 详情参见 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter`。 只接受字符串名称" +" (包括 ``fully_trusted``, ``tar`` 和 ``data``)。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1284 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"How to extract an entire tar archive to the current working directory::" +msgstr "如何将整个 tar 归档提取到当前工作目录::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"import tarfile\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\")\n" +"tar.extractall(filter='data')\n" +"tar.close()" +msgstr "" +"import tarfile\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\")\n" +"tar.extractall(filter='data')\n" +"tar.close()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1293 +msgid "" +"How to extract a subset of a tar archive with :meth:`TarFile.extractall` " +"using a generator function instead of a list::" +msgstr "如何通过 :meth:`TarFile.extractall` 使用生成器函数而非列表来提取一个 tar 归档的子集::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"import tarfile\n" +"\n" +"def py_files(members):\n" +" for tarinfo in members:\n" +" if os.path.splitext(tarinfo.name)[1] == \".py\":\n" +" yield tarinfo\n" +"\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\")\n" +"tar.extractall(members=py_files(tar))\n" +"tar.close()" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"import tarfile\n" +"\n" +"def py_files(members):\n" +" for tarinfo in members:\n" +" if os.path.splitext(tarinfo.name)[1] == \".py\":\n" +" yield tarinfo\n" +"\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\")\n" +"tar.extractall(members=py_files(tar))\n" +"tar.close()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1308 +msgid "How to create an uncompressed tar archive from a list of filenames::" +msgstr "如何基于一个文件名列表创建未压缩的 tar 归档::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1310 +msgid "" +"import tarfile\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar\", \"w\")\n" +"for name in [\"foo\", \"bar\", \"quux\"]:\n" +" tar.add(name)\n" +"tar.close()" +msgstr "" +"import tarfile\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar\", \"w\")\n" +"for name in [\"foo\", \"bar\", \"quux\"]:\n" +" tar.add(name)\n" +"tar.close()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1316 +msgid "The same example using the :keyword:`with` statement::" +msgstr "使用 :keyword:`with` 语句的同一个示例::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"import tarfile\n" +"with tarfile.open(\"sample.tar\", \"w\") as tar:\n" +" for name in [\"foo\", \"bar\", \"quux\"]:\n" +" tar.add(name)" +msgstr "" +"import tarfile\n" +"with tarfile.open(\"sample.tar\", \"w\") as tar:\n" +" for name in [\"foo\", \"bar\", \"quux\"]:\n" +" tar.add(name)" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"How to read a gzip compressed tar archive and display some member " +"information::" +msgstr "如何读取一个 gzip 压缩的 tar 归档并显示一些成员信息::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1325 +msgid "" +"import tarfile\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\", \"r:gz\")\n" +"for tarinfo in tar:\n" +" print(tarinfo.name, \"is\", tarinfo.size, \"bytes in size and is \", end=\"\")\n" +" if tarinfo.isreg():\n" +" print(\"a regular file.\")\n" +" elif tarinfo.isdir():\n" +" print(\"a directory.\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"something else.\")\n" +"tar.close()" +msgstr "" +"import tarfile\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\", \"r:gz\")\n" +"for tarinfo in tar:\n" +" print(tarinfo.name, \"is\", tarinfo.size, \"bytes in size and is \", end=\"\")\n" +" if tarinfo.isreg():\n" +" print(\"a regular file.\")\n" +" elif tarinfo.isdir():\n" +" print(\"a directory.\")\n" +" else:\n" +" print(\"something else.\")\n" +"tar.close()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"How to create an archive and reset the user information using the *filter* " +"parameter in :meth:`TarFile.add`::" +msgstr "如何创建一个归档并使用 :meth:`TarFile.add` 中的 *filter* 形参来重置用户信息::" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"import tarfile\n" +"def reset(tarinfo):\n" +" tarinfo.uid = tarinfo.gid = 0\n" +" tarinfo.uname = tarinfo.gname = \"root\"\n" +" return tarinfo\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\", \"w:gz\")\n" +"tar.add(\"foo\", filter=reset)\n" +"tar.close()" +msgstr "" +"import tarfile\n" +"def reset(tarinfo):\n" +" tarinfo.uid = tarinfo.gid = 0\n" +" tarinfo.uname = tarinfo.gname = \"root\"\n" +" return tarinfo\n" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"sample.tar.gz\", \"w:gz\")\n" +"tar.add(\"foo\", filter=reset)\n" +"tar.close()" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1353 +msgid "Supported tar formats" +msgstr "受支持的 tar 格式" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1355 +msgid "" +"There are three tar formats that can be created with the :mod:`tarfile` " +"module:" +msgstr "通过 :mod:`tarfile` 模块可以创建三种 tar 格式:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1357 +msgid "" +"The POSIX.1-1988 ustar format (:const:`USTAR_FORMAT`). It supports filenames" +" up to a length of at best 256 characters and linknames up to 100 " +"characters. The maximum file size is 8 GiB. This is an old and limited but " +"widely supported format." +msgstr "" +"The POSIX.1-1988 ustar 格式 (:const:`USTAR_FORMAT`)。 它支持最多 256 个字符的文件名长度和最多 " +"100 个字符的链接名长度。 文件大小上限为 8 GiB。 这是一种老旧但广受支持的格式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"The GNU tar format (:const:`GNU_FORMAT`). It supports long filenames and " +"linknames, files bigger than 8 GiB and sparse files. It is the de facto " +"standard on GNU/Linux systems. :mod:`tarfile` fully supports the GNU tar " +"extensions for long names, sparse file support is read-only." +msgstr "" +"GNU tar 格式 (:const:`GNU_FORMAT`)。 它支持长文件名和链接名、大于 8 GiB 的文件以及稀疏文件。 它是 " +"GNU/Linux 系统上的事实标准。 :mod:`tarfile` 完全支持针对长名称的 GNU tar 扩展，稀疏文件支持则限制为只读。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1367 +msgid "" +"The POSIX.1-2001 pax format (:const:`PAX_FORMAT`). It is the most flexible " +"format with virtually no limits. It supports long filenames and linknames, " +"large files and stores pathnames in a portable way. Modern tar " +"implementations, including GNU tar, bsdtar/libarchive and star, fully " +"support extended *pax* features; some old or unmaintained libraries may not," +" but should treat *pax* archives as if they were in the universally " +"supported *ustar* format. It is the current default format for new archives." +msgstr "" +"POSIX.1-2001 pax 格式 (:const:`PAX_FORMAT`)。 它是几乎无限制的最灵活格式。 " +"它支持长文件名和链接名，大文件以及使用可移植方式存储路径名。 现代的 tar 实现，包括 GNU tar, bsdtar/libarchive 和 " +"star，都完全支持扩展的 *pax* 特性；某些老旧或不再维护的库可能不支持，但应当会将 *pax* 归档视为广受支持的 *ustar* 格式。 " +"它是当前新建归档的默认格式。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1375 +msgid "" +"It extends the existing *ustar* format with extra headers for information " +"that cannot be stored otherwise. There are two flavours of pax headers: " +"Extended headers only affect the subsequent file header, global headers are " +"valid for the complete archive and affect all following files. All the data " +"in a pax header is encoded in *UTF-8* for portability reasons." +msgstr "" +"它扩展了现有的 *ustar* 格式，包括用于无法以其他方式存储的附加标头。 存在两种形式的 pax " +"标头：扩展标头只影响后续的文件标头，全局标头则适用于完整归档并会影响所有后续的文件。 为了便于移植，在 pax 标头中的所有数据均以 *UTF-8* " +"编码。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"There are some more variants of the tar format which can be read, but not " +"created:" +msgstr "还有一些 tar 格式的其他变种，它们可以被读取但不能被创建:" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1384 +msgid "" +"The ancient V7 format. This is the first tar format from Unix Seventh " +"Edition, storing only regular files and directories. Names must not be " +"longer than 100 characters, there is no user/group name information. Some " +"archives have miscalculated header checksums in case of fields with non-" +"ASCII characters." +msgstr "" +"古老的 V7 格式。 这是来自 Unix 第七版的第一个 tar 格式，它只存储常规文件和目录。 名称长度不能超过 100 " +"个字符，并且没有用户/分组名信息。 某些归档在带有非 ASCII 字符字段的情况下会产生计算错误的标头校验和。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1389 +msgid "" +"The SunOS tar extended format. This format is a variant of the POSIX.1-2001 " +"pax format, but is not compatible." +msgstr "SunOS tar 扩展格式。 此格式是 POSIX.1-2001 pax 格式的一个变种，但并不保持兼容。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1395 +msgid "Unicode issues" +msgstr "Unicode 问题" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1397 +msgid "" +"The tar format was originally conceived to make backups on tape drives with " +"the main focus on preserving file system information. Nowadays tar archives " +"are commonly used for file distribution and exchanging archives over " +"networks. One problem of the original format (which is the basis of all " +"other formats) is that there is no concept of supporting different character" +" encodings. For example, an ordinary tar archive created on a *UTF-8* system" +" cannot be read correctly on a *Latin-1* system if it contains non-*ASCII* " +"characters. Textual metadata (like filenames, linknames, user/group names) " +"will appear damaged. Unfortunately, there is no way to autodetect the " +"encoding of an archive. The pax format was designed to solve this problem. " +"It stores non-ASCII metadata using the universal character encoding *UTF-8*." +msgstr "" +"最初 tar 格式被设计用来在磁带机上生成备份，主要关注于保存文件系统信息。 现在 tar 归档通常用于文件分发和在网络上交换归档。 " +"最初格式（它是所有其他格式的基础）的一个问题是它没有支持不同字符编码格式的概念。 例如，一个在 *UTF-8* 系统上创建的普通 tar 归档如果包含非" +" *ASCII* 字符则将无法在 *Latin-1* 系统上被正确读取。 文本元数据（例如文件名，链接名，用户/分组名）将变为损坏状态。 " +"不幸的是，没有什么办法能够自动检测一个归档的编码格式。 pax 格式被设计用来解决这个问题。 它使用通用字符编码格式 *UTF-8* 来存储非 " +"ASCII 元数据。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1409 +msgid "" +"The details of character conversion in :mod:`tarfile` are controlled by the " +"*encoding* and *errors* keyword arguments of the :class:`TarFile` class." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`tarfile` 中字符转换的细节由 :class:`TarFile` 类的 *encoding* 和 *errors* " +"关键字参数控制。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"*encoding* defines the character encoding to use for the metadata in the " +"archive. The default value is :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` or " +"``'ascii'`` as a fallback. Depending on whether the archive is read or " +"written, the metadata must be either decoded or encoded. If *encoding* is " +"not set appropriately, this conversion may fail." +msgstr "" +"*encoding* 定义了用于归档中元数据的字符编码格式。 默认值为 :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` 或是回退选项" +" ``'ascii'``。 根据归档是被读取还是被写入，元数据必须被解码或编码。 如果没有正确设置 *encoding*，转换可能会失败。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1418 +msgid "" +"The *errors* argument defines how characters are treated that cannot be " +"converted. Possible values are listed in section :ref:`error-handlers`. The " +"default scheme is ``'surrogateescape'`` which Python also uses for its file " +"system calls, see :ref:`os-filenames`." +msgstr "" +"*errors* 参数定义了不能被转换的字符将如何处理。 可能的取值在 :ref:`error-handlers` 小节列出。 默认方案为 " +"``'surrogateescape'``，它也被 Python 用于文件系统调用，参见 :ref:`os-filenames`。" + +#: ../../library/tarfile.rst:1423 +msgid "" +"For :const:`PAX_FORMAT` archives (the default), *encoding* is generally not " +"needed because all the metadata is stored using *UTF-8*. *encoding* is only " +"used in the rare cases when binary pax headers are decoded or when strings " +"with surrogate characters are stored." +msgstr "" +"对于 :const:`PAX_FORMAT` 归档（默认格式），*encoding* 通常是不必要的，因为所有元数据都使用 *UTF-8* 来存储。 " +"*encoding* 仅在解码二进制 pax 标头或存储带有替代字符的字符串等少数场景下会被使用。" diff --git a/library/telnetlib.po b/library/telnetlib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fa9c9241 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/telnetlib.po @@ -0,0 +1,349 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Liying Yang , 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`telnetlib` --- Telnet client" +msgstr ":mod:`telnetlib` -- Telnet 客户端" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/telnetlib.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/telnetlib.py`" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`telnetlib` module is deprecated (see :pep:`PEP 594 " +"<594#telnetlib>` for details and alternatives)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`telnetlib` 模块已被弃用（请参阅 :pep:`PEP 594 <594#telnetlib>` 了解详情及其替代品）。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`telnetlib` module provides a :class:`Telnet` class that implements" +" the Telnet protocol. See :rfc:`854` for details about the protocol. In " +"addition, it provides symbolic constants for the protocol characters (see " +"below), and for the telnet options. The symbolic names of the telnet options" +" follow the definitions in ``arpa/telnet.h``, with the leading ``TELOPT_`` " +"removed. For symbolic names of options which are traditionally not included " +"in ``arpa/telnet.h``, see the module source itself." +msgstr "" +":mod:`telnetlib` 模块提供一个实现Telnet协议的类 :class:`Telnet`。关于此协议的细节请参见 :rfc:`854` " +"。此外，它还为协议字符（见下文）和 telnet 选项提供了对应的符号常量。telnet选项对应的符号名遵循 ``arpa/telnet.h`` " +"中的定义，但删除了前缀 ``TELOPT_``。对于不在 ``arpa/telnet.h`` 的选项的符号常量名，请参考本模块源码。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The symbolic constants for the telnet commands are: IAC, DONT, DO, WONT, " +"WILL, SE (Subnegotiation End), NOP (No Operation), DM (Data Mark), BRK " +"(Break), IP (Interrupt process), AO (Abort output), AYT (Are You There), EC " +"(Erase Character), EL (Erase Line), GA (Go Ahead), SB (Subnegotiation " +"Begin)." +msgstr "" +"telnet命令的符号常量名有： IAC, DONT, DO, WONT, WILL, SE (Subnegotiation End), NOP (No" +" Operation), DM (Data Mark), BRK (Break), IP (Interrupt process), AO (Abort " +"output), AYT (Are You There), EC (Erase Character), EL (Erase Line), GA (Go " +"Ahead), SB (Subnegotiation Begin)." + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid ":ref:`Availability `: not Emscripten, not WASI." +msgstr ":ref:`可用性 `: 非 Emscripten，非 WASI。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly platforms " +"``wasm32-emscripten`` and ``wasm32-wasi``. See :ref:`wasm-availability` for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +"此模块在 WebAssembly 平台 ``wasm32-emscripten`` 和 ``wasm32-wasi`` 上不适用或不可用。 请参阅 " +":ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:37 +msgid "" +":class:`Telnet` represents a connection to a Telnet server. The instance is " +"initially not connected by default; the :meth:`~Telnet.open` method must be " +"used to establish a connection. Alternatively, the host name and optional " +"port number can be passed to the constructor too, in which case the " +"connection to the server will be established before the constructor returns." +" The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for " +"blocking operations like the connection attempt (if not specified, the " +"global default timeout setting will be used)." +msgstr "" +":class:`Telnet` 表示到 Telnet 服务器的连接. 实例初始化后默认不连接；必须使用 :meth:`~Telnet.open` " +"方法来建立连接。或者， 可选参数 host 和 port 也可以传递给构造函数，在这种情况下，到服务器的连接将在构造函数返回前建立。可选参数 " +"*timeout* 为阻塞操作（如连接尝试）指定一个以秒为单位的超时时间（如果没有指定，将使用全局默认设置） 。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:46 +msgid "Do not reopen an already connected instance." +msgstr "不要重新打开一个已经连接的实例。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:48 +msgid "" +"This class has many :meth:`read_\\*` methods. Note that some of them raise" +" :exc:`EOFError` when the end of the connection is read, because they can " +"return an empty string for other reasons. See the individual descriptions " +"below." +msgstr "" +"这个类有很多 :meth:`read_\\*` 方法。 请注意，其中一些方法在读取结束时会触发 :exc:`EOFError` " +"异常，这是由于连接对象可能出于其它原因返回一个空字符串。 请参阅下面的个别描述。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:52 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Telnet` object is a context manager and can be used in a " +":keyword:`with` statement. When the :keyword:`!with` block ends, the " +":meth:`close` method is called::" +msgstr "" +":class:`Telnet` 对象一个上下文管理器，可以在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用。当 :keyword:`!with` " +"块结束，:meth:`close` 方法会被调用::" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:61 +msgid "Context manager support added" +msgstr "添加了上下文管理器的支持" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:66 +msgid ":rfc:`854` - Telnet Protocol Specification" +msgstr ":rfc:`854` - Telnet 协议规范" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:67 +msgid "Definition of the Telnet protocol." +msgstr "Telnet 协议的定义。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:73 +msgid "Telnet Objects" +msgstr "Telnet 对象" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:75 +msgid ":class:`Telnet` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Telnet` 实例有以下几种方法：" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Read until a given byte string, *expected*, is encountered or until " +"*timeout* seconds have passed." +msgstr "读取直到遇到给定字节串 *expected* 或 *timeout* 秒已经过去。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:83 +msgid "" +"When no match is found, return whatever is available instead, possibly empty" +" bytes. Raise :exc:`EOFError` if the connection is closed and no cooked " +"data is available." +msgstr "当没有找到匹配时，返回可用的内容，也可能返回空字节。如果连接已关闭且没有可用的熟数据，将触发 :exc:`EOFError`。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:90 +msgid "Read all data until EOF as bytes; block until connection closed." +msgstr "读取数据，直到遇到 EOF；连接关闭前都会保持阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Read at least one byte of cooked data unless EOF is hit. Return ``b''`` if " +"EOF is hit. Block if no data is immediately available." +msgstr "在达到 EOF 前，读取至少一个字节的熟数据。如果命中 EOF，返回 ``b''``。如果没有立即可用的数据，则阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:101 +msgid "Read everything that can be without blocking in I/O (eager)." +msgstr "在不阻塞 I/O 的情况下读取所有的内容（eager）。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:103 ../../library/telnetlib.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`EOFError` if connection closed and no cooked data available. " +"Return ``b''`` if no cooked data available otherwise. Do not block unless in" +" the midst of an IAC sequence." +msgstr "" +"如果连接已关闭并且没有可用的熟数据，将会触发 :exc:`EOFError` 。如果没有熟数据可用返回 ``b''`` 。除非在一个 IAC " +"序列的中间，否则不要进行阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:110 +msgid "Read readily available data." +msgstr "读取现成的数据。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:119 +msgid "Process and return data already in the queues (lazy)." +msgstr "处理并返回已经在队列中的数据（lazy）。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`EOFError` if connection closed and no data available. Return " +"``b''`` if no cooked data available otherwise. Do not block unless in the " +"midst of an IAC sequence." +msgstr "" +"如果连接已关闭并且没有可用的数据，将会触发 :exc:`EOFError` 。如果没有熟数据可用则返回 ``b''`` 。除非在一个 IAC " +"序列的中间，否则不要进行阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:128 +msgid "Return any data available in the cooked queue (very lazy)." +msgstr "返回熟数据队列任何可用的数据（very lazy）。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`EOFError` if connection closed and no data available. Return " +"``b''`` if no cooked data available otherwise. This method never blocks." +msgstr "" +"如果连接已关闭并且没有可用的数据，将会触发 :exc:`EOFError` 。如果没有熟数据可用则返回 ``b''`` 。该方法永远不会阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Return the data collected between a SB/SE pair (suboption begin/end). The " +"callback should access these data when it was invoked with a ``SE`` command." +" This method never blocks." +msgstr "" +"返回在 SB/SE 对之间收集的数据（子选项 begin/end）。当使用 ``SE`` " +"命令调用回调函数时，该回调函数应该访问这些数据。该方法永远不会阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Connect to a host. The optional second argument is the port number, which " +"defaults to the standard Telnet port (23). The optional *timeout* parameter " +"specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the connection " +"attempt (if not specified, the global default timeout setting will be used)." +msgstr "" +"连接主机。第二个可选参数是端口号，默认为标准 Telnet 端口（23）。可选参数 *timeout* " +"指定一个以秒为单位的超时时间用于像连接尝试这样的阻塞操作（如果没有指定，将使用全局默认超时设置）。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:148 +msgid "Do not try to reopen an already connected instance." +msgstr "不要尝试重新打开一个已经连接的实例。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``telnetlib.Telnet.open`` with " +"arguments ``self``, ``host``, ``port``." +msgstr "" +"触发 :ref:`auditing event ` ``telnetlib.Telnet.open`` ，参数为 " +"``self``，``host``，``port``。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Print a debug message when the debug level is ``>`` 0. If extra arguments " +"are present, they are substituted in the message using the standard string " +"formatting operator." +msgstr "当调试级别 ``>`` 0 时打印一条调试信息。如果存在额外参数，则它们会被替换在使用标准字符串格式化操作符的信息中。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Set the debug level. The higher the value of *debuglevel*, the more debug " +"output you get (on ``sys.stdout``)." +msgstr "设置调试级别。*debuglevel* 的值越高，得到的调试输出越多（在 ``sys.stdout`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:168 +msgid "Close the connection." +msgstr "关闭连接对象。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:173 +msgid "Return the socket object used internally." +msgstr "返回内部使用的套接字对象。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:178 +msgid "Return the file descriptor of the socket object used internally." +msgstr "返回内部使用的套接字对象的文件描述符。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Write a byte string to the socket, doubling any IAC characters. This can " +"block if the connection is blocked. May raise :exc:`OSError` if the " +"connection is closed." +msgstr "向套接字写入一个字节字符串，将所有 IAC 字符加倍。如果连接被阻塞，这可能也会阻塞。如果连接关闭可能触发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``telnetlib.Telnet.write`` with " +"arguments ``self``, ``buffer``." +msgstr "" +"触发 :ref:`auditing event ` ``telnetlib.Telnet.write`` ，参数为 " +"``self``，``buffer``。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:189 +msgid "" +"This method used to raise :exc:`socket.error`, which is now an alias of " +":exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "曾经该函数抛出 :exc:`socket.error`，现在这是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:196 +msgid "Interaction function, emulates a very dumb Telnet client." +msgstr "交互函数，模拟一个非常笨拙的 Telnet 客户端。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:201 +msgid "Multithreaded version of :meth:`interact`." +msgstr "多线程版的 :meth:`interact`." + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:206 +msgid "Read until one from a list of a regular expressions matches." +msgstr "一直读取，直到匹配列表中的某个正则表达式。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:208 +msgid "" +"The first argument is a list of regular expressions, either compiled " +"(:ref:`regex objects `) or uncompiled (byte strings). The " +"optional second argument is a timeout, in seconds; the default is to block " +"indefinitely." +msgstr "" +"第一个参数是一个正则表达式列表，可以是已编译的 (:ref:`正则表达式对象 `)，也可以是未编译的 (字节串)。 " +"第二个可选参数是超时，单位是秒；默认一直阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple of three items: the index in the list of the first regular " +"expression that matches; the match object returned; and the bytes read up " +"till and including the match." +msgstr "返回一个包含三个元素的元组：列表中的第一个匹配的正则表达式的索引；返回的匹配对象；包括匹配在内的读取过的字节。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:217 +msgid "" +"If end of file is found and no bytes were read, raise :exc:`EOFError`. " +"Otherwise, when nothing matches, return ``(-1, None, data)`` where *data* is" +" the bytes received so far (may be empty bytes if a timeout happened)." +msgstr "" +"如果找到了文件的结尾且没有字节被读取，触发 :exc:`EOFError`。否则，当没有匹配时,返回 ``(-1, None, data)``，其中 " +"*data* 是到目前为止接受到的字节（如果发生超时，则可能是空字节）。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:221 +msgid "" +"If a regular expression ends with a greedy match (such as ``.*``) or if more" +" than one expression can match the same input, the results are non-" +"deterministic, and may depend on the I/O timing." +msgstr "如果一个正则表达式以贪婪匹配结束（例如 ``.*``），或者多个表达式可以匹配同一个输出，则结果是不确定的，可能取决于 I/O 计时。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Each time a telnet option is read on the input flow, this *callback* (if " +"set) is called with the following parameters: callback(telnet socket, " +"command (DO/DONT/WILL/WONT), option). No other action is done afterwards by" +" telnetlib." +msgstr "" +"每次在输入流上读取 telnet 选项时，这个带有如下参数的 *callback* （如果设置了）会被调用： callback(telnet " +"socket, command (DO/DONT/WILL/WONT), option)。telnetlib 之后不会再执行其它操作。" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:236 +msgid "Telnet Example" +msgstr "Telnet 示例" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:241 +msgid "A simple example illustrating typical use::" +msgstr "一个简单的说明性典型用法例子::" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:12 +msgid "protocol" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/telnetlib.rst:12 +msgid "Telnet" +msgstr "Telnet" diff --git a/library/tempfile.po b/library/tempfile.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b388c12b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tempfile.po @@ -0,0 +1,776 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Arisaka97 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tempfile` --- Generate temporary files and directories" +msgstr ":mod:`!tempfile` --- 生成临时文件和目录" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tempfile.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/tempfile.py`" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:17 +msgid "" +"This module creates temporary files and directories. It works on all " +"supported platforms. :class:`TemporaryFile`, :class:`NamedTemporaryFile`, " +":class:`TemporaryDirectory`, and :class:`SpooledTemporaryFile` are high-" +"level interfaces which provide automatic cleanup and can be used as " +":term:`context managers `. :func:`mkstemp` and " +":func:`mkdtemp` are lower-level functions which require manual cleanup." +msgstr "" +"该模块可以创建临时文件和目录。 它适用于所有受支持的平台。 :class:`TemporaryFile`, " +":class:`NamedTemporaryFile`, :class:`TemporaryDirectory` 和 " +":class:`SpooledTemporaryFile` 是提供自动清理功能的高层级接口并可用作 :term:`上下文管理器 `。 :func:`mkstemp` 和 :func:`mkdtemp` 是需要执行手动清理的低层级函数。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:24 +msgid "" +"All the user-callable functions and constructors take additional arguments " +"which allow direct control over the location and name of temporary files and" +" directories. Files names used by this module include a string of random " +"characters which allows those files to be securely created in shared " +"temporary directories. To maintain backward compatibility, the argument " +"order is somewhat odd; it is recommended to use keyword arguments for " +"clarity." +msgstr "" +"所有由用户调用的函数和构造函数都带有参数，这些参数可以设置临时文件和临时目录的路径和名称。该模块生成的文件名包括一串随机字符，在公共的临时目录中，这些字符可以让创建文件更加安全。为了保持向后兼容性，参数的顺序有些奇怪。所以为了代码清晰，建议使用关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:32 +msgid "The module defines the following user-callable items:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下内容供用户调用：" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Return a :term:`file-like object` that can be used as a temporary storage " +"area. The file is created securely, using the same rules as :func:`mkstemp`." +" It will be destroyed as soon as it is closed (including an implicit close " +"when the object is garbage collected). Under Unix, the directory entry for " +"the file is either not created at all or is removed immediately after the " +"file is created. Other platforms do not support this; your code should not " +"rely on a temporary file created using this function having or not having a " +"visible name in the file system." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :term:`file-like object` 作为临时存储区域。创建该文件使用了与 :func:`mkstemp` " +"相同的安全规则。它将在关闭后立即销毁（包括垃圾回收机制关闭该对象时）。在 Unix " +"下，该文件在目录中的条目根本不创建，或者创建文件后立即就被删除了，其他平台不支持此功能。您的代码不应依赖使用此功能创建的临时文件名称，因为它在文件系统中的名称可能是可见的，也可能是不可见的。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The resulting object can be used as a :term:`context manager` (see " +":ref:`tempfile-examples`). On completion of the context or destruction of " +"the file object the temporary file will be removed from the filesystem." +msgstr "" +"结果对象可以用作 :term:`context manager` (参见 :ref:`tempfile-examples`)。 " +"上下文结束或文件对象销毁后会将临时文件从文件系统中移除。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The *mode* parameter defaults to ``'w+b'`` so that the file created can be " +"read and written without being closed. Binary mode is used so that it " +"behaves consistently on all platforms without regard for the data that is " +"stored. *buffering*, *encoding*, *errors* and *newline* are interpreted as " +"for :func:`open`." +msgstr "" +"*mode* 参数默认值为 " +"``'w+b'``，所以创建的文件不用关闭，就可以读取或写入。因为用的是二进制模式，所以无论存的是什么数据，它在所有平台上都表现一致。*buffering*、*encoding*、*errors*" +" 和 *newline* 的含义与 :func:`open` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The *dir*, *prefix* and *suffix* parameters have the same meaning and " +"defaults as with :func:`mkstemp`." +msgstr "参数 *dir*、*prefix* 和 *suffix* 的含义和默认值都与它们在 :func:`mkstemp` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:58 +msgid "" +"The returned object is a true file object on POSIX platforms. On other " +"platforms, it is a file-like object whose :attr:`!file` attribute is the " +"underlying true file object." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 平台上，它返回的对象是真实的文件对象。在其他平台上，它是一个文件型对象，它的 :attr:`!file` 属性是底层的真实文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:62 +msgid "" +"The :py:const:`os.O_TMPFILE` flag is used if it is available and works " +"(Linux-specific, requires Linux kernel 3.11 or later)." +msgstr "" +"在可用且有效时将使用 :py:const:`os.O_TMPFILE` 旗标（Linux 专属，需要 Linux 内核版本为 3.11 或更高）。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:65 +msgid "" +"On platforms that are neither Posix nor Cygwin, TemporaryFile is an alias " +"for NamedTemporaryFile." +msgstr "在 Posix 或 Cygwin 以外的平台上，TemporaryFile 是 NamedTemporaryFile 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:68 ../../library/tempfile.rst:137 +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``tempfile.mkstemp`` with " +"argument ``fullpath``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``tempfile.mkstemp`` 并附带参数 ``fullpath``。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:72 +msgid "The :py:const:`os.O_TMPFILE` flag is now used if available." +msgstr "在可以时现在将使用 :py:const:`os.O_TMPFILE` 旗标。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:74 ../../library/tempfile.rst:139 +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:169 +msgid "Added *errors* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *errors* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:80 +msgid "" +"This function operates exactly as :func:`TemporaryFile` does, except the " +"following differences:" +msgstr "此函数的操作与 :func:`TemporaryFile` 所做的完全相同，除了存在下列差异:" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:83 +msgid "" +"This function returns a file that is guaranteed to have a visible name in " +"the file system." +msgstr "此函数将返回一个肯定具有在文件系统中的可见名称的文件。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:85 +msgid "" +"To manage the named file, it extends the parameters of :func:`TemporaryFile`" +" with *delete* and *delete_on_close* parameters that determine whether and " +"how the named file should be automatically deleted." +msgstr "" +"为管理指定名称的文件，它将为 :func:`TemporaryFile` 扩展 *delete* 和 *delete_on_close* " +"形参来确定指定名称的文件是否要被自动删除以及要如何执行删除。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:89 +msgid "" +"The returned object is always a :term:`file-like object` whose :attr:`!file`" +" attribute is the underlying true file object. This file-like object can be " +"used in a :keyword:`with` statement, just like a normal file. The name of " +"the temporary file can be retrieved from the :attr:`!name` attribute of the " +"returned file-like object. On Unix, unlike with the :func:`TemporaryFile`, " +"the directory entry does not get unlinked immediately after the file " +"creation." +msgstr "" +"返回的对象将总是一个 :term:`file-like object` 并且其 :attr:`!file` 属性为底层的实际文件对象。 " +"这个文件型对象可在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用，就像普通的文件一样。 该临时文件的文件名可从被返回的文件型对象的 " +":attr:`!name` 属性中提取。 在 Unix 上，不同于 " +":func:`TemporaryFile`，其目录项不会在创建文件之后立即被取消链接。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:97 +msgid "" +"If *delete* is true (the default) and *delete_on_close* is true (the " +"default), the file is deleted as soon as it is closed. If *delete* is true " +"and *delete_on_close* is false, the file is deleted on context manager exit " +"only, or else when the :term:`file-like object` is finalized. Deletion is " +"not always guaranteed in this case (see :meth:`object.__del__`). If *delete*" +" is false, the value of *delete_on_close* is ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果 *delete* 为（默认的）真值且 *delete_on_close* 也为（默认的）真值，则文件将在关闭后立即被删除。 如果 *delete*" +" 为真值而 *delete_on_close* 为假值，则文件将在退出上下文管理器，或者当 :term:`file-like object` " +"被终结时才会被删除。 在此情况下将不保证总是能删除文件（参见 :meth:`object.__del__` 文档）。 如果 *delete* 为假值，则" +" *delete_on_close* 的值将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Therefore to use the name of the temporary file to reopen the file after " +"closing it, either make sure not to delete the file upon closure (set the " +"*delete* parameter to be false) or, in case the temporary file is created in" +" a :keyword:`with` statement, set the *delete_on_close* parameter to be " +"false. The latter approach is recommended as it provides assistance in " +"automatic cleaning of the temporary file upon the context manager exit." +msgstr "" +"因此要使用该临时文件的名称在关闭文件之后重新打开它，那么注意在关闭时不要删除文件（将 *delete* 形参设为假值），或者如果该临时文件是在 " +":keyword:`with` 语句中创建的，则要将 *delete_on_close* 形参设为假值。 " +"更推荐后一种方式因为它在上下文管理器退出时提供了自动清理协助。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Opening the temporary file again by its name while it is still open works as" +" follows:" +msgstr "临时文件仍然打开时使用其名称再次打开它的操作如下所示:" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:114 +msgid "On POSIX the file can always be opened again." +msgstr "在 POSIX 上该文件总是可以被再次打开。the file can always be opened again." + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:115 +msgid "" +"On Windows, make sure that at least one of the following conditions are " +"fulfilled:" +msgstr "在 Windows 上，要确保至少满足下列条件之一:" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:118 +msgid "*delete* is false" +msgstr "*delete* 为假值" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:119 +msgid "" +"additional open shares delete access (e.g. by calling :func:`os.open` with " +"the flag ``O_TEMPORARY``)" +msgstr "额外的打开将共享删除操作（例如调用 :func:`os.open` 时附带了 ``O_TEMPORARY`` 旗标）" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:121 +msgid "" +"*delete* is true but *delete_on_close* is false. Note, that in this case the" +" additional opens that do not share delete access (e.g. created via builtin " +":func:`open`) must be closed before exiting the context manager, else the " +":func:`os.unlink` call on context manager exit will fail with a " +":exc:`PermissionError`." +msgstr "" +"*delete* 为真值但 *delete_on_close* 为假值。 注意，在此情况下没有共享删除操作的额外的打开（例如通过内置的 " +":func:`open` 创建）必须在退出上下文管理器之前被关闭，否则在退出上下文管理器时的 :func:`os.unlink` 调用将失败并引发 " +":exc:`PermissionError`。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:127 +msgid "" +"On Windows, if *delete_on_close* is false, and the file is created in a " +"directory for which the user lacks delete access, then the :func:`os.unlink`" +" call on exit of the context manager will fail with a " +":exc:`PermissionError`. This cannot happen when *delete_on_close* is true " +"because delete access is requested by the open, which fails immediately if " +"the requested access is not granted." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，如果 *delete_on_close* 为假值，并且文件是在用户没有删除权限的目录中创建的，则退出上下文管理器时的 " +":func:`os.unlink` 调用将失败并引发 :exc:`PermissionError`。 这在 *delete_on_close* " +"为真值时不会发生因为删除权限是由打开操作所请求的，如果未获得所请求的权限此操作将立即失败。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:134 +msgid "" +"On POSIX (only), a process that is terminated abruptly with SIGKILL cannot " +"automatically delete any NamedTemporaryFiles it created." +msgstr "（只有）在 POSIX 上，一个用 SIGKILL 突然终止的进程无法自动删除它所创建的任何 NamedTemporaryFiles。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:142 +msgid "Added *delete_on_close* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *delete_on_close* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:148 +msgid "" +"This class operates exactly as :func:`TemporaryFile` does, except that data " +"is spooled in memory until the file size exceeds *max_size*, or until the " +"file's :func:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method is called, at which point the " +"contents are written to disk and operation proceeds as with " +":func:`TemporaryFile`." +msgstr "" +"这个类执行的操作与 :func:`TemporaryFile` 完全相同，但会将数据放入内存池直到文件大小超过 *max_size*，或者直到文件的 " +":func:`~io.IOBase.fileno` 方法被调用，这时文件内容会被写入磁盘并如使用 :func:`TemporaryFile` " +"时一样执行后续操作。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:156 +msgid "" +"The resulting file has one additional method, :meth:`!rollover`, which " +"causes the file to roll over to an on-disk file regardless of its size." +msgstr "结果文件有一个额外的方法 :meth:`!rollover`，它可以忽略文件大小将其立即写入到磁盘文件。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:159 +msgid "" +"The returned object is a file-like object whose :attr:`!_file` attribute is " +"either an :class:`io.BytesIO` or :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` object (depending" +" on whether binary or text *mode* was specified) or a true file object, " +"depending on whether :meth:`rollover` has been called. This file-like " +"object can be used in a :keyword:`with` statement, just like a normal file." +msgstr "" +"返回的对象是一个文件型对象，它的 :attr:`!_file` 属性是 :class:`io.BytesIO` 或 " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 对象（这取决于所指定的 *mode* 是二进制还是文本）或真实的文件对象，这取决于 " +":meth:`rollover` 是否已被调用。 这个文件型对象可以像普通文件一样在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:166 +msgid "the truncate method now accepts a *size* argument." +msgstr "现在 truncate 方法可接受一个 *size* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Fully implements the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` and :class:`io.TextIOBase` " +"abstract base classes (depending on whether binary or text *mode* was " +"specified)." +msgstr "" +"完整实现 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 和 :class:`io.TextIOBase` 抽象基类（取决于二进制或文本 " +"*mode* 是否已指定）。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:180 +msgid "" +"This class securely creates a temporary directory using the same rules as " +":func:`mkdtemp`. The resulting object can be used as a :term:`context " +"manager` (see :ref:`tempfile-examples`). On completion of the context or " +"destruction of the temporary directory object, the newly created temporary " +"directory and all its contents are removed from the filesystem." +msgstr "" +"这个类会使用与 :func:`mkdtemp` 相同的规则安全地创建一个临时目录。 结果对象可以被用作 :term:`context manager` " +"(参见 :ref:`tempfile-examples`)。 在完成上下文或销毁临时目录对象时，新创建的临时目录及其所有内容会从文件系统中被移除。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:188 +msgid "" +"The directory name can be retrieved from the :attr:`!name` attribute of the " +"returned object. When the returned object is used as a :term:`context " +"manager`, the :attr:`!name` will be assigned to the target of the " +":keyword:`!as` clause in the :keyword:`with` statement, if there is one." +msgstr "" +"可以从所返回对象的 :attr:`!name` 属性中提取目录名称。 当返回的对象被用作 :term:`context manager` 时，这个 " +":attr:`!name` 将被作为 :keyword:`with` 语句中 :keyword:`!as` 子句的目标，如果存在该子句的话。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The directory can be explicitly cleaned up by calling the :meth:`!cleanup` " +"method. If *ignore_cleanup_errors* is true, any unhandled exceptions during " +"explicit or implicit cleanup (such as a :exc:`PermissionError` removing open" +" files on Windows) will be ignored, and the remaining removable items " +"deleted on a \"best-effort\" basis. Otherwise, errors will be raised in " +"whatever context cleanup occurs (the :meth:`!cleanup` call, exiting the " +"context manager, when the object is garbage-collected or during interpreter " +"shutdown)." +msgstr "" +"此目录可通过调用 :meth:`!cleanup` 方法来显式地清理。 如果 *ignore_cleanup_errors* " +"为真值，则在显式或隐式清理（例如在 Windows 上 :exc:`PermissionError` " +"移除打开的文件）期间出现的未处理异常将被忽略，并且剩余的可移除条目会被“尽可能”地删除。 在其他情况下，错误将在任何上下文清理发生时被引发（如 " +":meth:`!cleanup` 调用，退出上下文管理器、对象被作为垃圾回收或解释器关闭等情况）。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:204 +msgid "" +"The *delete* parameter can be used to disable cleanup of the directory tree " +"upon exiting the context. While it may seem unusual for a context manager " +"to disable the action taken when exiting the context, it can be useful " +"during debugging or when you need your cleanup behavior to be conditional " +"based on other logic." +msgstr "" +"*delete* 可被用于禁止在退出上下文时清理目录树。 " +"虽然在退出上下文时禁止此操作看起来可能很不常见，但这在进行调试或在你的清理行为需要以其他逻辑为条件时将会很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:210 ../../library/tempfile.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``tempfile.mkdtemp`` with " +"argument ``fullpath``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``tempfile.mkdtemp`` 并附带参数 ``fullpath``。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:214 +msgid "Added *ignore_cleanup_errors* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *ignore_cleanup_errors* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:217 +msgid "Added the *delete* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *delete* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Creates a temporary file in the most secure manner possible. There are no " +"race conditions in the file's creation, assuming that the platform properly " +"implements the :const:`os.O_EXCL` flag for :func:`os.open`. The file is " +"readable and writable only by the creating user ID. If the platform uses " +"permission bits to indicate whether a file is executable, the file is " +"executable by no one. The file descriptor is not inherited by child " +"processes." +msgstr "" +"以最安全的方式创建一个临时文件。假设所在平台正确实现了 :func:`os.open` 的 :const:`os.O_EXCL` " +"标志，则创建文件时不会有竞争的情况。该文件只能由创建者读写，如果所在平台用权限位来标记文件是否可执行，那么没有人有执行权。文件描述符不会过继给子进程。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Unlike :func:`TemporaryFile`, the user of :func:`mkstemp` is responsible for" +" deleting the temporary file when done with it." +msgstr "与 :func:`TemporaryFile` 不同，:func:`mkstemp` 用户用完临时文件后需要自行将其删除。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:234 +msgid "" +"If *suffix* is not ``None``, the file name will end with that suffix, " +"otherwise there will be no suffix. :func:`mkstemp` does not put a dot " +"between the file name and the suffix; if you need one, put it at the " +"beginning of *suffix*." +msgstr "" +"如果 *suffix* 不是 ``None`` 则文件名将以该后缀结尾，是 ``None`` 则没有后缀。:func:`mkstemp` " +"不会在文件名和后缀之间加点，如果需要加一个点号，请将其放在 *suffix* 的开头。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:239 +msgid "" +"If *prefix* is not ``None``, the file name will begin with that prefix; " +"otherwise, a default prefix is used. The default is the return value of " +":func:`gettempprefix` or :func:`gettempprefixb`, as appropriate." +msgstr "" +"如果 *prefix* 不是 ``None``，则文件名将以该前缀开头，是 ``None`` 则使用默认前缀。默认前缀是 " +":func:`gettempprefix` 或 :func:`gettempprefixb` 函数的返回值（自动调用合适的函数）。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:243 +msgid "" +"If *dir* is not ``None``, the file will be created in that directory; " +"otherwise, a default directory is used. The default directory is chosen " +"from a platform-dependent list, but the user of the application can control " +"the directory location by setting the *TMPDIR*, *TEMP* or *TMP* environment " +"variables. There is thus no guarantee that the generated filename will have" +" any nice properties, such as not requiring quoting when passed to external " +"commands via ``os.popen()``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *dir* 不为 ``None``，则在指定的目录创建文件，是 ``None`` " +"则使用默认目录。默认目录是从一个列表中选择出来的，这个列表不同平台不一样，但是用户可以设置 *TMPDIR*、*TEMP* 或 *TMP* " +"环境变量来设置目录的位置。因此，不能保证生成的临时文件路径很规范，比如，通过 ``os.popen()`` 将路径传递给外部命令时仍需要加引号。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:251 +msgid "" +"If any of *suffix*, *prefix*, and *dir* are not ``None``, they must be the " +"same type. If they are bytes, the returned name will be bytes instead of " +"str. If you want to force a bytes return value with otherwise default " +"behavior, pass ``suffix=b''``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *suffix*、*prefix* 和 *dir* 中的任何一个不是 ``None``，就要保证它们是同一数据类型。如果它们是 " +"bytes，则返回的名称的类型就是 bytes 而不是 str。如果确实要用默认参数，但又想要返回值是 bytes 类型，请传入 " +"``suffix=b''``。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:257 +msgid "" +"If *text* is specified and true, the file is opened in text mode. Otherwise," +" (the default) the file is opened in binary mode." +msgstr "如果指定了 *text* 且为真值，文件会以文本模式打开。 否则，文件（默认）会以二进制模式打开。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:260 +msgid "" +":func:`mkstemp` returns a tuple containing an OS-level handle to an open " +"file (as would be returned by :func:`os.open`) and the absolute pathname of " +"that file, in that order." +msgstr "" +":func:`mkstemp` 返回一个元组，元组中第一个元素是句柄，它是一个系统级句柄，指向一个打开的文件（等同于 :func:`os.open` " +"的返回值），第二元素是该文件的绝对路径。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:266 ../../library/tempfile.rst:292 +msgid "" +"*suffix*, *prefix*, and *dir* may now be supplied in bytes in order to " +"obtain a bytes return value. Prior to this, only str was allowed. *suffix* " +"and *prefix* now accept and default to ``None`` to cause an appropriate " +"default value to be used." +msgstr "" +"现在，*suffix*、*prefix* 和 *dir* 可以以 bytes 类型按顺序提供，以获得 bytes 类型的返回值。之前只允许使用 " +"str。*suffix* 和 *prefix* 现在可以接受 ``None``，并且默认为 ``None`` 以使用合适的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:272 ../../library/tempfile.rst:298 +msgid "The *dir* parameter now accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*dir* 参数现在可接受一个路径类对象 (:term:`path-like object`)。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Creates a temporary directory in the most secure manner possible. There are " +"no race conditions in the directory's creation. The directory is readable, " +"writable, and searchable only by the creating user ID." +msgstr "以最安全的方式创建一个临时目录，创建该目录时不会有竞争的情况。该目录只能由创建者读取、写入和搜索。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:282 +msgid "" +"The user of :func:`mkdtemp` is responsible for deleting the temporary " +"directory and its contents when done with it." +msgstr ":func:`mkdtemp` 用户用完临时目录后需要自行将其删除。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:285 +msgid "" +"The *prefix*, *suffix*, and *dir* arguments are the same as for " +":func:`mkstemp`." +msgstr "*prefix*、*suffix* 和 *dir* 的含义与它们在 :func:`mkstemp` 中的相同。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:288 +msgid ":func:`mkdtemp` returns the absolute pathname of the new directory." +msgstr ":func:`mkdtemp` 返回新目录的绝对路径。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:301 +msgid "" +":func:`mkdtemp` now always returns an absolute path, even if *dir* is " +"relative." +msgstr ":func:`mkdtemp` 现在将始终返回绝对路径，即使 *dir* 为相对路径。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Return the name of the directory used for temporary files. This defines the " +"default value for the *dir* argument to all functions in this module." +msgstr "返回放置临时文件的目录的名称。这个方法的返回值就是本模块所有函数的 *dir* 参数的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:311 +msgid "" +"Python searches a standard list of directories to find one which the calling" +" user can create files in. The list is:" +msgstr "Python 搜索标准目录列表，以找到调用者可以在其中创建文件的目录。这个列表是：" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:314 +msgid "The directory named by the :envvar:`TMPDIR` environment variable." +msgstr ":envvar:`TMPDIR` 环境变量指向的目录。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:316 +msgid "The directory named by the :envvar:`TEMP` environment variable." +msgstr ":envvar:`TEMP` 环境变量指向的目录。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:318 +msgid "The directory named by the :envvar:`TMP` environment variable." +msgstr ":envvar:`TMP` 环境变量指向的目录。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:320 +msgid "A platform-specific location:" +msgstr "与平台相关的位置：" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:322 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the directories :file:`C:\\\\TEMP`, :file:`C:\\\\TMP`, " +":file:`\\\\TEMP`, and :file:`\\\\TMP`, in that order." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，依次为 :file:`C:\\\\TEMP`、:file:`C:\\\\TMP`、:file:`\\\\TEMP` 和 " +":file:`\\\\TMP`。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:325 +msgid "" +"On all other platforms, the directories :file:`/tmp`, :file:`/var/tmp`, and " +":file:`/usr/tmp`, in that order." +msgstr "在所有其他平台上，依次为 :file:`/tmp`、:file:`/var/tmp` 和 :file:`/usr/tmp`。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:328 +msgid "As a last resort, the current working directory." +msgstr "不得已时，使用当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The result of this search is cached, see the description of :data:`tempdir` " +"below." +msgstr "搜索的结果会缓存起来，参见下面 :data:`tempdir` 的描述。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Always returns a str. Previously it would return any :data:`tempdir` value " +"regardless of type so long as it was not ``None``." +msgstr "总是返回一个字符串。 在之前的版本中它会返回任意 :data:`tempdir` 值而不考虑它的类型，只要它不为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:340 +msgid "Same as :func:`gettempdir` but the return value is in bytes." +msgstr "与 :func:`gettempdir` 相同，但返回值为字节类型。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:346 +msgid "" +"Return the filename prefix used to create temporary files. This does not " +"contain the directory component." +msgstr "返回用于创建临时文件的文件名前缀，它不包含目录部分。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:351 +msgid "Same as :func:`gettempprefix` but the return value is in bytes." +msgstr "与 :func:`gettempprefix` 相同，但返回值为字节类型。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:355 +msgid "" +"The module uses a global variable to store the name of the directory used " +"for temporary files returned by :func:`gettempdir`. It can be set directly " +"to override the selection process, but this is discouraged. All functions in" +" this module take a *dir* argument which can be used to specify the " +"directory. This is the recommended approach that does not surprise other " +"unsuspecting code by changing global API behavior." +msgstr "" +"本模块使用一个全局变量来存储由 :func:`gettempdir` 返回的临时文件使用的目录路径。 它可被直接设置以覆盖选择过程，但不建议这样做。 " +"本模块中的所有函数都接受一个 *dir* 参数，它可被用于指定目录。 这是不会通过改变全局 API 行为对其他无准备代码造成影响的推荐做法。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:364 +msgid "" +"When set to a value other than ``None``, this variable defines the default " +"value for the *dir* argument to the functions defined in this module, " +"including its type, bytes or str. It cannot be a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "" +"当设为 ``None`` 以外的值时，此变量会为本模块中定义的函数的 *dir* 参数定义默认值，包括确定其类型为字节串还是字符串。 它不可以为 " +":term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:369 +msgid "" +"If ``tempdir`` is ``None`` (the default) at any call to any of the above " +"functions except :func:`gettempprefix` it is initialized following the " +"algorithm described in :func:`gettempdir`." +msgstr "" +"如果在调用除 :func:`gettempprefix` 外的上述任何函数时 ``tempdir`` 为 ``None`` (默认值) 则它会按照 " +":func:`gettempdir` 中所描述的算法来初始化。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:375 +msgid "" +"Beware that if you set ``tempdir`` to a bytes value, there is a nasty side " +"effect: The global default return type of :func:`mkstemp` and " +":func:`mkdtemp` changes to bytes when no explicit ``prefix``, ``suffix``, or" +" ``dir`` arguments of type str are supplied. Please do not write code " +"expecting or depending on this. This awkward behavior is maintained for " +"compatibility with the historical implementation." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果你将 ``tempdir`` 设为字节串值，会有一个麻烦的副作用: :func:`mkstemp` 和 :func:`mkdtemp` " +"的全局默认返回类型会在没有显式提供字符串类型的when no explicit ``prefix``, ``suffix`` 或 ``dir`` " +"的时候被改为字节串。 请不要编写预期或依赖于此入围的代码。 这个笨拙行为是为了保持与历史实现的兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:386 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:388 +msgid "" +"Here are some examples of typical usage of the :mod:`tempfile` module::" +msgstr "以下是 :mod:`tempfile` 模块典型用法的一些示例::" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:390 +msgid "" +">>> import tempfile\n" +"\n" +"# create a temporary file and write some data to it\n" +">>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile()\n" +">>> fp.write(b'Hello world!')\n" +"# read data from file\n" +">>> fp.seek(0)\n" +">>> fp.read()\n" +"b'Hello world!'\n" +"# close the file, it will be removed\n" +">>> fp.close()\n" +"\n" +"# create a temporary file using a context manager\n" +">>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as fp:\n" +"... fp.write(b'Hello world!')\n" +"... fp.seek(0)\n" +"... fp.read()\n" +"b'Hello world!'\n" +">>>\n" +"# file is now closed and removed\n" +"\n" +"# create a temporary file using a context manager\n" +"# close the file, use the name to open the file again\n" +">>> with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as fp:\n" +"... fp.write(b'Hello world!')\n" +"... fp.close()\n" +"... # the file is closed, but not removed\n" +"... # open the file again by using its name\n" +"... with open(fp.name, mode='rb') as f:\n" +"... f.read()\n" +"b'Hello world!'\n" +">>>\n" +"# file is now removed\n" +"\n" +"# create a temporary directory using the context manager\n" +">>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:\n" +"... print('created temporary directory', tmpdirname)\n" +">>>\n" +"# directory and contents have been removed" +msgstr "" +">>> import tempfile\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个临时文件并向其写入一些数据\n" +">>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile()\n" +">>> fp.write(b'Hello world!')\n" +"# 从文件读取数据\n" +">>> fp.seek(0)\n" +">>> fp.read()\n" +"b'Hello world!'\n" +"# 关闭文件，它将被移除\n" +">>> fp.close()\n" +"\n" +"# 使用上下文管理器创建一个临时文件\n" +">>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as fp:\n" +"... fp.write(b'Hello world!')\n" +"... fp.seek(0)\n" +"... fp.read()\n" +"b'Hello world!'\n" +">>>\n" +"# 现在文件已被关闭并移除\n" +"\n" +"# 使用上下文管理器创建一个临时文件\n" +"# 关闭该文件，再使用文件名再次打开该文件\n" +">>> with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete_on_close=False) as fp:\n" +"... fp.write(b'Hello world!')\n" +"... fp.close()\n" +"... # 文件已被关闭，但未被移除\n" +"... # 使用文件名再次打开该文件\n" +"... with open(fp.name, mode='rb') as f:\n" +"... f.read()\n" +"b'Hello world!'\n" +">>>\n" +"# 现在文件已被移除\n" +"\n" +"# 使用上下文管理器创建一个临时目录\n" +">>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:\n" +"... print('created temporary directory', tmpdirname)\n" +">>>\n" +"# 目录及其内容已被移除" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:433 +msgid "Deprecated functions and variables" +msgstr "已弃用的函数和变量" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:435 +msgid "" +"A historical way to create temporary files was to first generate a file name" +" with the :func:`mktemp` function and then create a file using this name. " +"Unfortunately this is not secure, because a different process may create a " +"file with this name in the time between the call to :func:`mktemp` and the " +"subsequent attempt to create the file by the first process. The solution is " +"to combine the two steps and create the file immediately. This approach is " +"used by :func:`mkstemp` and the other functions described above." +msgstr "" +"创建临时文件有一种历史方法，首先使用 :func:`mktemp` 函数生成一个文件名，然后使用该文件名创建文件。不幸的是，这是不安全的，因为在调用 " +":func:`mktemp` " +"与随后尝试创建文件的进程之间的时间里，其他进程可能会使用该名称创建文件。解决方案是将两个步骤结合起来，立即创建文件。这个方案目前被 " +":func:`mkstemp` 和上述其他函数所采用。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:446 +msgid "Use :func:`mkstemp` instead." +msgstr "使用 :func:`mkstemp` 来代替。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:449 +msgid "" +"Return an absolute pathname of a file that did not exist at the time the " +"call is made. The *prefix*, *suffix*, and *dir* arguments are similar to " +"those of :func:`mkstemp`, except that bytes file names, ``suffix=None`` and " +"``prefix=None`` are not supported." +msgstr "" +"返回一个绝对路径，这个路径指向的文件在调用本方法时不存在。*prefix*、*suffix* 和 *dir* 参数与 :func:`mkstemp` " +"中的同名参数类似，不同之处在于不支持字节类型的文件名，不支持 ``suffix=None`` 和 ``prefix=None``。" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:456 +msgid "" +"Use of this function may introduce a security hole in your program. By the " +"time you get around to doing anything with the file name it returns, someone" +" else may have beaten you to the punch. :func:`mktemp` usage can be " +"replaced easily with :func:`NamedTemporaryFile`, passing it the " +"``delete=False`` parameter::" +msgstr "" +"使用此功能可能会在程序中引入安全漏洞。当你开始使用本方法返回的文件执行任何操作时，可能有人已经捷足先登了。:func:`mktemp` " +"的功能可以很轻松地用 :func:`NamedTemporaryFile` 代替，当然需要传递 ``delete=False`` 参数::" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:462 +msgid "" +">>> f = NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)\n" +">>> f.name\n" +"'/tmp/tmptjujjt'\n" +">>> f.write(b\"Hello World!\\n\")\n" +"13\n" +">>> f.close()\n" +">>> os.unlink(f.name)\n" +">>> os.path.exists(f.name)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> f = NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)\n" +">>> f.name\n" +"'/tmp/tmptjujjt'\n" +">>> f.write(b\"Hello World!\\n\")\n" +"13\n" +">>> f.close()\n" +">>> os.unlink(f.name)\n" +">>> os.path.exists(f.name)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:11 +msgid "temporary" +msgstr "临时" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:11 +msgid "file name" +msgstr "文件名" + +#: ../../library/tempfile.rst:11 +msgid "file" +msgstr "文件" diff --git a/library/termios.po b/library/termios.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fff1f5bc --- /dev/null +++ b/library/termios.po @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!termios` --- POSIX style tty control" +msgstr ":mod:`!termios` --- POSIX 风格的 tty 控制" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This module provides an interface to the POSIX calls for tty I/O control. " +"For a complete description of these calls, see :manpage:`termios(3)` Unix " +"manual page. It is only available for those Unix versions that support " +"POSIX *termios* style tty I/O control configured during installation." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了针对tty I/O 控制的 POSIX 调用的接口。 有关此类调用的完整描述，请参阅 :manpage:`termios(3)` Unix " +"指南页。 它仅在当安装时配置了支持 POSIX *termios* 风格的 tty I/O 控制的 Unix 版本上可用。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:19 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:21 +msgid "" +"All functions in this module take a file descriptor *fd* as their first " +"argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by " +"``sys.stdin.fileno()``, or a :term:`file object`, such as ``sys.stdin`` " +"itself." +msgstr "" +"此模块中的所有函数均接受一个文件描述符 *fd* 作为第一个参数。 这可以是一个整数形式的文件描述符，例如 ``sys.stdin.fileno()``" +" 所返回的对象，或是一个 :term:`file object`，例如 ``sys.stdin`` 本身。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:25 +msgid "" +"This module also defines all the constants needed to work with the functions" +" provided here; these have the same name as their counterparts in C. Please" +" refer to your system documentation for more information on using these " +"terminal control interfaces." +msgstr "" +"这个模块还定义了与此处所提供的函数一起使用的所有必要的常量；这些常量与它们在 C 中的对应常量同名。 " +"请参考你的系统文档了解有关如何使用这些终端控制接口的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:30 +msgid "The module defines the following functions:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Return a list containing the tty attributes for file descriptor *fd*, as " +"follows: ``[iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, ospeed, cc]`` where *cc* is " +"a list of the tty special characters (each a string of length 1, except the " +"items with indices :const:`VMIN` and :const:`VTIME`, which are integers when" +" these fields are defined). The interpretation of the flags and the speeds " +"as well as the indexing in the *cc* array must be done using the symbolic " +"constants defined in the :mod:`termios` module." +msgstr "" +"对于文件描述符 *fd* 返回一个包含 tty 属性的列表，形式如下: ``[iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, " +"ospeed, cc]``，其中 *cc* 为一个包含 tty 特殊字符的列表（每一项都是长度为 1 的字符串，索引号为 :const:`VMIN` 和" +" :const:`VTIME` 的项除外，这些字段如有定义则应为整数）。 对旗标和速度以及 *cc* 数组中索引的解读必须使用在 " +":mod:`termios` 模块中定义的符号常量来完成。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Set the tty attributes for file descriptor *fd* from the *attributes*, which" +" is a list like the one returned by :func:`tcgetattr`. The *when* argument " +"determines when the attributes are changed:" +msgstr "" +"根据 *attributes* 为文件描述符 *fd* 设置 tty 的属性，它是一个类似于 :func:`tcgetattr` 的返回值的列表。 " +"*when* 参数决定这些属性在何时被更改：" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:52 +msgid "Change attributes immediately." +msgstr "立即更改属性。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:56 +msgid "Change attributes after transmitting all queued output." +msgstr "传输完所有队列输出后再更改属性。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Change attributes after transmitting all queued output and discarding all " +"queued input." +msgstr "传输完所有队列输出并丢弃所有队列输入后再更改属性。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Send a break on file descriptor *fd*. A zero *duration* sends a break for " +"0.25--0.5 seconds; a nonzero *duration* has a system dependent meaning." +msgstr "" +"在文件描述符 *fd* 上发送一个中断。 *duration* 为零表示发送时长为 0.25--0.5 秒的中断；*duration* " +"非零值的含义取决于具体系统。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Wait until all output written to file descriptor *fd* has been transmitted." +msgstr "进入等待状态直到写入文件描述符 *fd* 的所有输出都传送完毕。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Discard queued data on file descriptor *fd*. The *queue* selector specifies" +" which queue: :const:`TCIFLUSH` for the input queue, :const:`TCOFLUSH` for " +"the output queue, or :const:`TCIOFLUSH` for both queues." +msgstr "" +"在文件描述符 *fd* 上丢弃队列数据。 *queue* 选择器指定哪个队列: :const:`TCIFLUSH` " +"表示输入队列，:const:`TCOFLUSH` 表示输出队列，或 :const:`TCIOFLUSH` 表示两个队列同时。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Suspend or resume input or output on file descriptor *fd*. The *action* " +"argument can be :const:`TCOOFF` to suspend output, :const:`TCOON` to restart" +" output, :const:`TCIOFF` to suspend input, or :const:`TCION` to restart " +"input." +msgstr "" +"在文件描述符 *fd* 上挂起一战恢复输入或输出。 *action* 参数可以为 :const:`TCOOFF` " +"表示挂起输出，:const:`TCOON` 表示重启输出，:const:`TCIOFF` 表示挂起输入，或 :const:`TCION` 表示重启输入。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Return a tuple ``(ws_row, ws_col)`` containing the tty window size for file " +"descriptor *fd*. Requires :const:`termios.TIOCGWINSZ` or " +":const:`termios.TIOCGSIZE`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个包含文件描述符 *fd* 的 tty 窗口大小的元组 ``(ws_row, ws_col)``。 需要 " +":const:`termios.TIOCGWINSZ` 或 :const:`termios.TIOCGSIZE`。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Set the tty window size for file descriptor *fd* from *winsize*, which is a " +"two-item tuple ``(ws_row, ws_col)`` like the one returned by " +":func:`tcgetwinsize`. Requires at least one of the pairs " +"(:const:`termios.TIOCGWINSZ`, :const:`termios.TIOCSWINSZ`); " +"(:const:`termios.TIOCGSIZE`, :const:`termios.TIOCSSIZE`) to be defined." +msgstr "" +"将文件描述符 *fd* 的 tty 窗口大小设置为 *winsize*，这是一个包含两项的元组 ``(ws_row, ws_col)``，如 " +":func:`tcgetwinsize` 所返回的一样。 要求至少定义了 (:const:`termios.TIOCGWINSZ`, " +":const:`termios.TIOCSWINSZ`); (:const:`termios.TIOCGSIZE`, " +":const:`termios.TIOCSSIZE`) 对之一。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:111 +msgid "Module :mod:`tty`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`tty`" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:112 +msgid "Convenience functions for common terminal control operations." +msgstr "针对常用终端控制操作的便捷函数。" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:118 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Here's a function that prompts for a password with echoing turned off. Note" +" the technique using a separate :func:`tcgetattr` call and a :keyword:`try` " +"... :keyword:`finally` statement to ensure that the old tty attributes are " +"restored exactly no matter what happens::" +msgstr "" +"这个函数可提示输入密码并且关闭回显。 请注意其采取的技巧是使用一个单独的 :func:`tcgetattr` 调用和一个 :keyword:`try` " +"... :keyword:`finally` 语句来确保旧的 tty 属性无论在何种情况下都会被原样保存::" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:125 +msgid "" +"def getpass(prompt=\"Password: \"):\n" +" import termios, sys\n" +" fd = sys.stdin.fileno()\n" +" old = termios.tcgetattr(fd)\n" +" new = termios.tcgetattr(fd)\n" +" new[3] = new[3] & ~termios.ECHO # lflags\n" +" try:\n" +" termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, new)\n" +" passwd = input(prompt)\n" +" finally:\n" +" termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old)\n" +" return passwd" +msgstr "" +"def getpass(prompt=\"Password: \"):\n" +" import termios, sys\n" +" fd = sys.stdin.fileno()\n" +" old = termios.tcgetattr(fd)\n" +" new = termios.tcgetattr(fd)\n" +" new[3] = new[3] & ~termios.ECHO # lflags\n" +" try:\n" +" termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, new)\n" +" passwd = input(prompt)\n" +" finally:\n" +" termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old)\n" +" return passwd" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:8 +msgid "POSIX" +msgstr "POSIX" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:8 +msgid "I/O control" +msgstr "I/O 控制" + +#: ../../library/termios.rst:8 +msgid "tty" +msgstr "tty" diff --git a/library/test.po b/library/test.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf82eed22 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/test.po @@ -0,0 +1,2408 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Makdon , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Leo Li , 2021 +# meowmeowcat , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:14+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!test` --- Regression tests package for Python" +msgstr ":mod:`!test` --- Python 回归测试包" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test` package is meant for internal use by Python only. It is " +"documented for the benefit of the core developers of Python. Any use of this" +" package outside of Python's standard library is discouraged as code " +"mentioned here can change or be removed without notice between releases of " +"Python." +msgstr "" +":mod:`test` 包只供 Python 内部使用。它的记录是为了让 Python 的核心开发者受益。我们不鼓励在 Python " +"标准库之外使用这个包，因为这里提到的代码在 Python 的不同版本之间可能会改变或被删除而不另行通知。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test` package contains all regression tests for Python as well as " +"the modules :mod:`test.support` and :mod:`test.regrtest`. " +":mod:`test.support` is used to enhance your tests while :mod:`test.regrtest`" +" drives the testing suite." +msgstr "" +":mod:`test` 包包含了 Python 的所有回归测试，以及 :mod:`test.support` 和 " +":mod:`test.regrtest` 模块。 :mod:`test.support` 用于增强你的测试，而 " +":mod:`test.regrtest` 驱动测试套件。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Each module in the :mod:`test` package whose name starts with ``test_`` is a" +" testing suite for a specific module or feature. All new tests should be " +"written using the :mod:`unittest` or :mod:`doctest` module. Some older " +"tests are written using a \"traditional\" testing style that compares output" +" printed to ``sys.stdout``; this style of test is considered deprecated." +msgstr "" +":mod:`test`包中每个名字以 ``test_`` 开头的模块都是一个特定模块或功能的测试套件。所有新的测试应该使用 " +":mod:`unittest` 或 :mod:`doctest` 模块编写。一些旧的测试是使用“传统”的测试风格编写的，即比较打印出来的输出到 " +"``sys.stdout``；这种测试风格被认为是过时的。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:32 +msgid "Module :mod:`unittest`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`unittest`" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:33 +msgid "Writing PyUnit regression tests." +msgstr "编写 PyUnit 回归测试." + +#: ../../library/test.rst:35 +msgid "Module :mod:`doctest`" +msgstr ":mod:`doctest` --- 文档测试模块" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:36 +msgid "Tests embedded in documentation strings." +msgstr "嵌入到文档字符串的测试。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:42 +msgid "Writing Unit Tests for the :mod:`test` package" +msgstr "为 :mod:`test` 包编写单元测试" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:44 +msgid "" +"It is preferred that tests that use the :mod:`unittest` module follow a few " +"guidelines. One is to name the test module by starting it with ``test_`` and" +" end it with the name of the module being tested. The test methods in the " +"test module should start with ``test_`` and end with a description of what " +"the method is testing. This is needed so that the methods are recognized by " +"the test driver as test methods. Also, no documentation string for the " +"method should be included. A comment (such as ``# Tests function returns " +"only True or False``) should be used to provide documentation for test " +"methods. This is done because documentation strings get printed out if they " +"exist and thus what test is being run is not stated." +msgstr "" +"使用 :mod:`unittest` 模块的测试最好是遵循一些准则。 其中一条是测试模块的名称要以 ``test_`` 打头并以被测试模块的名称结尾。 " +"测试模块中的测试方法应当以 ``test_`` 打头并以该方法所测试的内容的说明结尾。 这很有必要因为这样测试驱动程序就会将这些方法识别为测试方法。 " +"此外，该方法不应当包括任何文档字符串。 应当使用注释 (例如 ``# Tests function returns only True or " +"False``) 来为测试方法提供文档说明。 这样做是因为文档字符串如果存在则会被打印出来因此无法指明正在运行哪个测试。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:55 +msgid "A basic boilerplate is often used::" +msgstr "有一个基本模板经常会被使用::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:57 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"from test import support\n" +"\n" +"class MyTestCase1(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" # Only use setUp() and tearDown() if necessary\n" +"\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" ... code to execute in preparation for tests ...\n" +"\n" +" def tearDown(self):\n" +" ... code to execute to clean up after tests ...\n" +"\n" +" def test_feature_one(self):\n" +" # Test feature one.\n" +" ... testing code ...\n" +"\n" +" def test_feature_two(self):\n" +" # Test feature two.\n" +" ... testing code ...\n" +"\n" +" ... more test methods ...\n" +"\n" +"class MyTestCase2(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" ... same structure as MyTestCase1 ...\n" +"\n" +"... more test classes ...\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main()" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"from test import support\n" +"\n" +"class MyTestCase1(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" # 仅在需要时使用 setUp() 和 tearDown()\n" +"\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" ... 为准备测试而执行的代码 ...\n" +"\n" +" def tearDown(self):\n" +" ... 为测试后的清理而执行的代码 ...\n" +"\n" +" def test_feature_one(self):\n" +" # 测试特性一。\n" +" ... 测试代码 ...\n" +"\n" +" def test_feature_two(self):\n" +" # 测试特性二。\n" +" ... 测试代码 ...\n" +"\n" +" ... 更多的测试方法 ...\n" +"\n" +"class MyTestCase2(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" ... 与 MyTestCase1 的结构相同 ...\n" +"\n" +"... 更多的测试类 ...\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main()" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:88 +msgid "" +"This code pattern allows the testing suite to be run by " +":mod:`test.regrtest`, on its own as a script that supports the " +":mod:`unittest` CLI, or via the ``python -m unittest`` CLI." +msgstr "" +"这种代码模式允许测试套件由 :mod:`test.regrtest` 运行，作为支持 :mod:`unittest` CLI 的脚本单独运行，或者通过 " +"``python -m unittest`` CLI 来运行。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:92 +msgid "" +"The goal for regression testing is to try to break code. This leads to a few" +" guidelines to be followed:" +msgstr "回归测试的目标是尝试破坏代码。 这引出了一些需要遵循的准则:" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The testing suite should exercise all classes, functions, and constants. " +"This includes not just the external API that is to be presented to the " +"outside world but also \"private\" code." +msgstr "测试套件应当测试所有的类、函数和常量。 这不仅包括要向外界展示的外部 API 也包括“私有”的代码。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Whitebox testing (examining the code being tested when the tests are being " +"written) is preferred. Blackbox testing (testing only the published user " +"interface) is not complete enough to make sure all boundary and edge cases " +"are tested." +msgstr "白盒测试（在编写测试时检查被测试的代码）是最推荐的。 黑盒测试（只测试已发布的用户接口）因不够完整而不能确保所有边界和边缘情况都被测试到。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Make sure all possible values are tested including invalid ones. This makes " +"sure that not only all valid values are acceptable but also that improper " +"values are handled correctly." +msgstr "确保所有可能的值包括无效的值都被测试到。 这能确保不仅全部的有效值都可被接受而且不适当的值也能被正确地处理。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Exhaust as many code paths as possible. Test where branching occurs and thus" +" tailor input to make sure as many different paths through the code are " +"taken." +msgstr "消耗尽可能多的代码路径。 测试发生分支的地方从而调整输入以确保通过代码采取尽可能多的不同路径。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Add an explicit test for any bugs discovered for the tested code. This will " +"make sure that the error does not crop up again if the code is changed in " +"the future." +msgstr "为受测试的代码所发现的任何代码缺陷添加明确的测试。 这将确保如果代码在将来被改变错误也不会再次出现。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Make sure to clean up after your tests (such as close and remove all " +"temporary files)." +msgstr "确保在你的测试完成后执行清理（例如关闭并删除所有临时文件）。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:118 +msgid "" +"If a test is dependent on a specific condition of the operating system then " +"verify the condition already exists before attempting the test." +msgstr "如果某个测试依赖于操作系统上的特定条件那么要在尝试测试之前先验证该条件是否已存在。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Import as few modules as possible and do it as soon as possible. This " +"minimizes external dependencies of tests and also minimizes possible " +"anomalous behavior from side-effects of importing a module." +msgstr "" +"尽可能少地导入模块并尽可能快地完成操作。 这可以最大限度地减少测试的外部依赖性并且还可以最大限度地减少导入模块带来的附带影响所导致的异常行为。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Try to maximize code reuse. On occasion, tests will vary by something as " +"small as what type of input is used. Minimize code duplication by " +"subclassing a basic test class with a class that specifies the input::" +msgstr "" +"尝试最大限度地重用代码。 在某些情况下，测试结果会因使用不同类型的输入这样的小细节而变化。 " +"可通过一个指定输入的类来子类化一个基本测试类来最大限度地减少重复代码::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:129 +msgid "" +"class TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin:\n" +"\n" +" func = mySuperWhammyFunction\n" +"\n" +" def test_func(self):\n" +" self.func(self.arg)\n" +"\n" +"class AcceptLists(TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin, unittest.TestCase):\n" +" arg = [1, 2, 3]\n" +"\n" +"class AcceptStrings(TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin, unittest.TestCase):\n" +" arg = 'abc'\n" +"\n" +"class AcceptTuples(TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin, unittest.TestCase):\n" +" arg = (1, 2, 3)" +msgstr "" +"class TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin:\n" +"\n" +" func = mySuperWhammyFunction\n" +"\n" +" def test_func(self):\n" +" self.func(self.arg)\n" +"\n" +"class AcceptLists(TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin, unittest.TestCase):\n" +" arg = [1, 2, 3]\n" +"\n" +"class AcceptStrings(TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin, unittest.TestCase):\n" +" arg = 'abc'\n" +"\n" +"class AcceptTuples(TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin, unittest.TestCase):\n" +" arg = (1, 2, 3)" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:145 +msgid "" +"When using this pattern, remember that all classes that inherit from " +":class:`unittest.TestCase` are run as tests. The " +":class:`!TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin` class in the example above does not " +"have any data and so can't be run by itself, thus it does not inherit from " +":class:`unittest.TestCase`." +msgstr "" +"当使用这种模式时，请记住所有继承自 :class:`unittest.TestCase` 的类都会作为测试来运行。 上面例子中的 " +":class:`!TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin` 类没有任何数据所以其本身是无法运行的，因此它不是继承自 " +":class:`unittest.TestCase`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:153 +msgid "Test Driven Development" +msgstr "测试驱动的开发" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:154 +msgid "A book by Kent Beck on writing tests before code." +msgstr "Kent Beck 所著的阐述在实现代码之前编写驱动的书。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:160 +msgid "Running tests using the command-line interface" +msgstr "使用命令行界面运行测试" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test` package can be run as a script to drive Python's regression " +"test suite, thanks to the :option:`-m` option: :program:`python -m test`. " +"Under the hood, it uses :mod:`test.regrtest`; the call :program:`python -m " +"test.regrtest` used in previous Python versions still works. Running the " +"script by itself automatically starts running all regression tests in the " +":mod:`test` package. It does this by finding all modules in the package " +"whose name starts with ``test_``, importing them, and executing the function" +" :func:`test_main` if present or loading the tests via " +"unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule if ``test_main`` does not exist. " +"The names of tests to execute may also be passed to the script. Specifying a" +" single regression test (:program:`python -m test test_spam`) will minimize " +"output and only print whether the test passed or failed." +msgstr "" +"通过使用 :option:`-m` 选项 :mod:`test` 包可以作为脚本运行以驱动 Python 的回归测试套件: " +":program:`python -m test`。 在内部，它使用 :mod:`test.regrtest`；之前 Python 版本所使用的 " +":program:`python -m test.regrtest` 调用仍然有效。 运行该脚本自身会自动开始运行 :mod:`test` " +"包中的所有回归测试。 它通过在包中查找所有名称以 ``test_`` 打头的模块，导入它们，并在有 :func:`test_main` " +"函数时执行它或是在没有 ``test_main`` 时通过 unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule 载入测试。 " +"要执行的测试的名称也可以被传递给脚本。 指定一个单独的回归测试 (:program:`python -m test test_spam`) " +"将使输出最小化并且只打印测试通过或失败的消息。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Running :mod:`test` directly allows what resources are available for tests " +"to use to be set. You do this by using the ``-u`` command-line option. " +"Specifying ``all`` as the value for the ``-u`` option enables all possible " +"resources: :program:`python -m test -uall`. If all but one resource is " +"desired (a more common case), a comma-separated list of resources that are " +"not desired may be listed after ``all``. The command :program:`python -m " +"test -uall,-audio,-largefile` will run :mod:`test` with all resources except" +" the ``audio`` and ``largefile`` resources. For a list of all resources and " +"more command-line options, run :program:`python -m test -h`." +msgstr "" +"直接运行 :mod:`test` 将允许设置哪些资源可供测试使用。 你可以通过使用 ``-u`` 命令行选项来做到这一点。 指定 ``all`` 作为 " +"``-u`` 选项的值将启用所有可能的资源: :program:`python -m test -uall`。 " +"如果只需要一项资源（这是更为常见的情况），可以在 ``all`` 之后加一个以逗号分隔的列表来指明不需要的资源。 命令 :program:`python" +" -m test -uall,-audio,-largefile` 将运行 :mod:`test` 并使用除 ``audio`` 和 " +"``largefile`` 资源之外的所有资源。 要查看所有资源的列表和更多的命令行选项，请运行 :program:`python -m test " +"-h`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Some other ways to execute the regression tests depend on what platform the " +"tests are being executed on. On Unix, you can run :program:`make test` at " +"the top-level directory where Python was built. On Windows, executing " +":program:`rt.bat` from your :file:`PCbuild` directory will run all " +"regression tests." +msgstr "" +"另外一些执行回归测试的方式依赖于执行测试所在的系统平台。 在 Unix 上，你可以在构建 Python 的最高层级目录中运行 " +":program:`make test`。 在 Windows 上，在你的 :file:`PCbuild` 目录中执行 " +":program:`rt.bat` 将运行所有的回归测试。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:197 +msgid ":mod:`test.support` --- Utilities for the Python test suite" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support` --- 针对 Python 测试套件的工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support` module provides support for Python's regression test" +" suite." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support` 模块提供了对 Python 的回归测试套件的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:208 +msgid "" +":mod:`test.support` is not a public module. It is documented here to help " +"Python developers write tests. The API of this module is subject to change " +"without backwards compatibility concerns between releases." +msgstr "" +":mod:`test.support` 不是一个公用模块。 这篇文档是为了帮助 Python 开发者编写测试。 此模块的 API " +"可能被改变而不顾及发行版本之间的向下兼容性问题。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:213 +msgid "This module defines the following exceptions:" +msgstr "此模块定义了以下异常:" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Exception to be raised when a test fails. This is deprecated in favor of " +":mod:`unittest`\\ -based tests and :class:`unittest.TestCase`'s assertion " +"methods." +msgstr "" +"当一个测试失败时将被引发的异常。 此异常已被弃用而应改用基于 :mod:`unittest` 的测试以及 " +":class:`unittest.TestCase` 的断言方法。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`unittest.SkipTest`. Raised when a resource (such as a " +"network connection) is not available. Raised by the :func:`requires` " +"function." +msgstr "" +":exc:`unittest.SkipTest` 的子类。 当一个资源（例如网络连接）不可用时将被引发。 由 :func:`requires` " +"函数所引发。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:229 +msgid "The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following constants:" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support` 模块定义了以下常量:" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:233 +msgid "" +"``True`` when verbose output is enabled. Should be checked when more " +"detailed information is desired about a running test. *verbose* is set by " +":mod:`test.regrtest`." +msgstr "" +"当启用详细输出时为 ``True``。 当需要有关运行中的测试的更详细信息时应当被选择。 *verbose* 是由 " +":mod:`test.regrtest` 来设置的。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:240 +msgid "``True`` if the running interpreter is Jython." +msgstr "如果所运行的解释器是 Jython 时为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:245 +msgid "``True`` if the system is Android." +msgstr "如果系统是 Android 时为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:250 +msgid "Path for shell if not on Windows; otherwise ``None``." +msgstr "如果系统不是 Windows 时则为 shell 的路径；否则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Timeout in seconds for tests using a network server listening on the network" +" local loopback interface like ``127.0.0.1``." +msgstr "使用网络服务器监听网络本地环回接口如 ``127.0.0.1`` 的测试的以秒为单位的超时值。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:258 +msgid "" +"The timeout is long enough to prevent test failure: it takes into account " +"that the client and the server can run in different threads or even " +"different processes." +msgstr "该超时长到足以防止测试失败：它要考虑客户端和服务器可能会在不同线程甚至不同进程中运行。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:262 +msgid "" +"The timeout should be long enough for :meth:`~socket.socket.connect`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recv` and :meth:`~socket.socket.send` methods of " +":class:`socket.socket`." +msgstr "" +"该超时应当对于 :class:`socket.socket` 的 :meth:`~socket.socket.connect`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recv` 和 :meth:`~socket.socket.send` 方法都足够长。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:266 +msgid "Its default value is 5 seconds." +msgstr "其默认值为5秒。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:268 +msgid "See also :data:`INTERNET_TIMEOUT`." +msgstr "参见 :data:`INTERNET_TIMEOUT`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:273 +msgid "Timeout in seconds for network requests going to the internet." +msgstr "发往互联网的网络请求的以秒为单位的超时值。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:275 +msgid "" +"The timeout is short enough to prevent a test to wait for too long if the " +"internet request is blocked for whatever reason." +msgstr "该超时短到足以避免测试在互联网请求因任何原因被阻止时等待太久。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Usually, a timeout using :data:`INTERNET_TIMEOUT` should not mark a test as " +"failed, but skip the test instead: see " +":func:`~test.support.socket_helper.transient_internet`." +msgstr "" +"通常使用 :data:`INTERNET_TIMEOUT` 的超时不应该将测试标记为失败，而是跳过测试：参见 " +":func:`~test.support.socket_helper.transient_internet`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:282 +msgid "Its default value is 1 minute." +msgstr "其默认值是1分钟。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:284 +msgid "See also :data:`LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT`." +msgstr "参见 :data:`LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:289 +msgid "" +"Timeout in seconds to mark a test as failed if the test takes \"too long\"." +msgstr "如果测试耗时“太长”而要将测试标记为失败的以秒为单位的超时值。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:291 +msgid "" +"The timeout value depends on the regrtest ``--timeout`` command line option." +msgstr "该超时值取决于 regrtest ``--timeout`` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:293 +msgid "" +"If a test using :data:`SHORT_TIMEOUT` starts to fail randomly on slow " +"buildbots, use :data:`LONG_TIMEOUT` instead." +msgstr "" +"如果一个使用 :data:`SHORT_TIMEOUT` 的测试在慢速 buildbots 上开始随机失败，请使用 " +":data:`LONG_TIMEOUT` 来代替。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:296 +msgid "Its default value is 30 seconds." +msgstr "其默认值为30秒。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:301 +msgid "Timeout in seconds to detect when a test hangs." +msgstr "用于检测测试何时挂起的以秒为单位的超时值。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:303 +msgid "" +"It is long enough to reduce the risk of test failure on the slowest Python " +"buildbots. It should not be used to mark a test as failed if the test takes " +"\"too long\". The timeout value depends on the regrtest ``--timeout`` " +"command line option." +msgstr "" +"它的长度足够在最慢的 Python buildbot 上降低测试失败的风险。 如果测试耗时“过长”也不应当用它将该测试标记为失败。 此超时值依赖于 " +"regrtest ``--timeout`` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:308 +msgid "Its default value is 5 minutes." +msgstr "其默认值为5分钟。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:310 +msgid "" +"See also :data:`LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT`, :data:`INTERNET_TIMEOUT` and " +":data:`SHORT_TIMEOUT`." +msgstr "" +"另请参见 :data:`LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT`, :data:`INTERNET_TIMEOUT` 和 " +":data:`SHORT_TIMEOUT`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:316 +msgid "Set when tests can be skipped when they are not useful for PGO." +msgstr "当测试对 PGO 没有用处时设置是否要跳过测试。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:321 +msgid "" +"A constant that is likely larger than the underlying OS pipe buffer size, to" +" make writes blocking." +msgstr "一个通常大于下层 OS 管道缓冲区大小的常量，以产生写入阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:327 +msgid "" +"``True`` if Python was built with the :c:macro:`Py_DEBUG` macro defined, " +"that is, if Python was :ref:`built in debug mode `." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 编译时定义了 :c:macro:`Py_DEBUG` 宏则为 ``True``，也就是说，当 Python 是 " +":ref:`以调试模式编译 ` 的时候。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:336 +msgid "" +"A constant that is likely larger than the underlying OS socket buffer size, " +"to make writes blocking." +msgstr "一个通常大于下层 OS 套接字缓冲区大小的常量，以产生写入阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:342 +msgid "Set to the top level directory that contains :mod:`test.support`." +msgstr "设为包含 :mod:`test.support` 的最高层级目录。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:347 +msgid "Set to the top level directory for the test package." +msgstr "设为 test 包的最高层级目录。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:352 +msgid "Set to the ``data`` directory within the test package." +msgstr "设为 test 包中的 ``data`` 目录。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:357 +msgid "Set to :data:`sys.maxsize` for big memory tests." +msgstr "设为大内存测试的 :data:`sys.maxsize`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:362 +msgid "" +"Set by :func:`set_memlimit` as the memory limit for big memory tests. " +"Limited by :data:`MAX_Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "通过 :func:`set_memlimit` 设为针对大内存测试的内存限制。 受 :data:`MAX_Py_ssize_t` 的限制。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Set by :func:`set_memlimit` as the memory limit for big memory tests. Not " +"limited by :data:`MAX_Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "" +"通过 :func:`set_memlimit` 设为针对大内存测试的内存限制。 不受 :data:`MAX_Py_ssize_t` 的限制。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Set to ``True`` if Python is built without docstrings (the " +":c:macro:`WITH_DOC_STRINGS` macro is not defined). See the " +":option:`configure --without-doc-strings <--without-doc-strings>` option." +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 编译时不带文档字符串（即未定义 :c:macro:`WITH_DOC_STRINGS` 宏）则设为 ``True``。 参见 " +":option:`configure --without-doc-strings <--without-doc-strings>` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:378 +msgid "See also the :data:`HAVE_DOCSTRINGS` variable." +msgstr "另请参阅 :data:`HAVE_DOCSTRINGS` 变量。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Set to ``True`` if function docstrings are available. See the " +":option:`python -OO <-O>` option, which strips docstrings of functions " +"implemented in Python." +msgstr "" +"如果函数带有文档字符串则设为 ``True``。 参见 :option:`python -OO <-O>` 选项，该选项会去除在 Python " +"中实现的函数的文档字符串。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:386 +msgid "See also the :data:`MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS` variable." +msgstr "另请参阅 :data:`MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS` 变量。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:391 +msgid "Define the URL of a dedicated HTTP server for the network tests." +msgstr "定义用于网络测试的韧性 HTTP 服务器的 URL。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:396 +msgid "Object that is equal to anything. Used to test mixed type comparison." +msgstr "等于任何对象的对象。 用于测试混合类型比较。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:401 +msgid "" +"Object that is not equal to anything (even to :data:`ALWAYS_EQ`). Used to " +"test mixed type comparison." +msgstr "不等于任何对象的对象 (即使是 :data:`ALWAYS_EQ`)。 用于测试混合类型比较。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Object that is greater than anything (except itself). Used to test mixed " +"type comparison." +msgstr "大于任何对象的对象（除了其自身）。 用于测试混合类型比较。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Object that is less than anything (except itself). Used to test mixed type " +"comparison." +msgstr "小于任何对象的对象（除了其自身）。 用于测试混合类型比较。Used to test mixed type comparison." + +#: ../../library/test.rst:417 +msgid "The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support` 模块定义了以下函数:" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:421 +msgid "Run the loop body until ``break`` stops the loop." +msgstr "运行循环体直到以 ``break`` 停止循环。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:423 +msgid "" +"After *timeout* seconds, raise an :exc:`AssertionError` if *error* is true, " +"or just stop the loop if *error* is false." +msgstr "" +"在 *timeout* 秒后，如果 *error* 为真值则引发 :exc:`AssertionError`，或者如果 *error* " +"为假值则只停止循环。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:426 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:428 +msgid "" +"for _ in support.busy_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break" +msgstr "" +"for _ in support.busy_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:432 ../../library/test.rst:456 +msgid "Example of error=False usage::" +msgstr "error=False 的用法示例::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:434 +msgid "" +"for _ in support.busy_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT, error=False):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break\n" +"else:\n" +" raise RuntimeError('my custom error')" +msgstr "" +"for _ in support.busy_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT, error=False):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break\n" +"else:\n" +" raise RuntimeError('my custom error')" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:442 +msgid "Wait strategy that applies exponential backoff." +msgstr "应用指数回退的等待策略。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:444 +msgid "" +"Run the loop body until ``break`` stops the loop. Sleep at each loop " +"iteration, but not at the first iteration. The sleep delay is doubled at " +"each iteration (up to *max_delay* seconds)." +msgstr "" +"运行循环体直到以 ``break`` 停止循环。 在每次循环迭代时休眠，但第一次迭代时除外。 每次迭代的休眠延时都将加倍（至多 *max_delay* " +"秒）。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:448 +msgid "See :func:`busy_retry` documentation for the parameters usage." +msgstr "请参阅 :func:`busy_retry` 文档了解相关形参的用法。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:450 +msgid "Example raising an exception after SHORT_TIMEOUT seconds::" +msgstr "在 SHORT_TIMEOUT 秒后引发异常的示例::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:452 +msgid "" +"for _ in support.sleeping_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break" +msgstr "" +"for _ in support.sleeping_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:458 +msgid "" +"for _ in support.sleeping_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT, error=False):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break\n" +"else:\n" +" raise RuntimeError('my custom error')" +msgstr "" +"for _ in support.sleeping_retry(support.SHORT_TIMEOUT, error=False):\n" +" if check():\n" +" break\n" +"else:\n" +" raise RuntimeError('my custom error')" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if *resource* is enabled and available. The list of " +"available resources is only set when :mod:`test.regrtest` is executing the " +"tests." +msgstr "" +"如果 *resource* 已启用并可用则返回 ``True``。 可用资源列表只有当 :mod:`test.regrtest` " +"正在执行测试时才会被设置。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:473 +msgid "Return ``True`` if Python was not built with ``-O0`` or ``-Og``." +msgstr "如果 Python 编译未使用 ``-O0`` 或 ``-Og`` 则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:478 +msgid "Return :const:`_testcapi.WITH_PYMALLOC`." +msgstr "返回 :const:`_testcapi.WITH_PYMALLOC`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:483 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`ResourceDenied` if *resource* is not available. *msg* is the " +"argument to :exc:`ResourceDenied` if it is raised. Always returns ``True`` " +"if called by a function whose ``__name__`` is ``'__main__'``. Used when " +"tests are executed by :mod:`test.regrtest`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *resource* 不可用则引发 :exc:`ResourceDenied`。 如果该异常被引发则 *msg* 为传给 " +":exc:`ResourceDenied` 的参数。 如果被 ``__name__`` 为 ``'__main__'`` 的函数调用则总是返回 " +"``True``。 在测试由 :mod:`test.regrtest` 执行时使用。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:491 +msgid "Return a repr of *dict* with keys sorted." +msgstr "返回 *dict* 按键排序的 repr。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Return the path to the file named *filename*. If no match is found " +"*filename* is returned. This does not equal a failure since it could be the " +"path to the file." +msgstr "返回名为 *filename* 的文件的路径。 如果未找到匹配结果则返回 *filename*。 这并不等于失败因为它也算是该文件的路径。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:500 +msgid "" +"Setting *subdir* indicates a relative path to use to find the file rather " +"than looking directly in the path directories." +msgstr "设置 *subdir* 指明要用来查找文件的相对路径而不是直接在路径目录中查找。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:506 +msgid "Get size of a page in bytes." +msgstr "获取以字节表示的分页大小。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Set the :func:`sys.setswitchinterval` to the given *interval*. Defines a " +"minimum interval for Android systems to prevent the system from hanging." +msgstr "" +"将 :func:`sys.setswitchinterval` 设为给定的 *interval*。 请为 Android " +"系统定义一个最小间隔以防止系统挂起。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:519 +msgid "" +"Use this check to guard CPython's implementation-specific tests or to run " +"them only on the implementations guarded by the arguments. This function " +"returns ``True`` or ``False`` depending on the host platform. Example " +"usage::" +msgstr "" +"使用此检测来保护 CPython 实现专属的测试或者仅在有这些参数保护的实现上运行它们。 此函数将根据主机系统平台的不同返回 ``True`` 或 " +"``False``。 用法示例::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:524 +msgid "" +"check_impl_detail() # Only on CPython (default).\n" +"check_impl_detail(jython=True) # Only on Jython.\n" +"check_impl_detail(cpython=False) # Everywhere except CPython." +msgstr "" +"check_impl_detail() # 仅限 CPython (默认)。\n" +"check_impl_detail(jython=True) # 仅限 Jython。\n" +"check_impl_detail(cpython=False) # 除 CPython 以外的任何地方。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Set the values for :data:`max_memuse` and :data:`real_max_memuse` for big " +"memory tests." +msgstr "针对大内存测试设置 :data:`max_memuse` 和 :data:`real_max_memuse` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:537 +msgid "" +"Store the value from *stdout*. It is meant to hold the stdout at the time " +"the regrtest began." +msgstr "存放来自 *stdout* 的值。 它会在回归测试开始时处理 stdout。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Return the original stdout set by :func:`record_original_stdout` or " +"``sys.stdout`` if it's not set." +msgstr "" +"返回 :func:`record_original_stdout` 所设置的原始 stdout 或者如果未设置则为 ``sys.stdout``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:549 +msgid "" +"Return a list of command line arguments reproducing the current settings in " +"``sys.flags`` and ``sys.warnoptions``." +msgstr "返回在 ``sys.flags`` 和 ``sys.warnoptions`` 中重新产生当前设置的命令行参数列表。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:555 +msgid "" +"Return a list of command line arguments reproducing the current optimization" +" settings in ``sys.flags``." +msgstr "返回在 ``sys.flags`` 中重新产生当前优化设置的命令行参数列表。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:563 +msgid "" +"A context managers that temporarily replaces the named stream with " +":class:`io.StringIO` object." +msgstr "使用 :class:`io.StringIO` 对象临时替换指定流的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:566 +msgid "Example use with output streams::" +msgstr "使用输出流的示例::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:568 +msgid "" +"with captured_stdout() as stdout, captured_stderr() as stderr:\n" +" print(\"hello\")\n" +" print(\"error\", file=sys.stderr)\n" +"assert stdout.getvalue() == \"hello\\n\"\n" +"assert stderr.getvalue() == \"error\\n\"" +msgstr "" +"with captured_stdout() as stdout, captured_stderr() as stderr:\n" +" print(\"hello\")\n" +" print(\"error\", file=sys.stderr)\n" +"assert stdout.getvalue() == \"hello\\n\"\n" +"assert stderr.getvalue() == \"error\\n\"" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:574 +msgid "Example use with input stream::" +msgstr "使用输入流的示例::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:576 +msgid "" +"with captured_stdin() as stdin:\n" +" stdin.write('hello\\n')\n" +" stdin.seek(0)\n" +" # call test code that consumes from sys.stdin\n" +" captured = input()\n" +"self.assertEqual(captured, \"hello\")" +msgstr "" +"with captured_stdin() as stdin:\n" +" stdin.write('hello\\n')\n" +" stdin.seek(0)\n" +" # 调用接受 sys.stdin 的代码\n" +" captured = input()\n" +"self.assertEqual(captured, \"hello\")" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:586 +msgid "A context manager that temporary disables :mod:`faulthandler`." +msgstr "临时禁用 :mod:`faulthandler` 的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:591 +msgid "" +"Force as many objects as possible to be collected. This is needed because " +"timely deallocation is not guaranteed by the garbage collector. This means " +"that ``__del__`` methods may be called later than expected and weakrefs may " +"remain alive for longer than expected." +msgstr "" +"强制收集尽可能多的对象。 这是有必要的因为垃圾回收器并不能保证及时回收资源。 这意味着 ``__del__`` " +"方法的调用可能会晚于预期而弱引用的存活长于预期。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:599 +msgid "" +"A context manager that disables the garbage collector on entry. On exit, the" +" garbage collector is restored to its prior state." +msgstr "在进入时禁用垃圾回收器的上下文管理器。 在退出时，垃圾回收器将恢复到先前状态。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:605 +msgid "Context manager to swap out an attribute with a new object." +msgstr "上下文管理器用一个新对象来交换一个属性。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:607 ../../library/test.rst:625 +#: ../../library/test.rst:866 ../../library/test.rst:1332 +msgid "Usage::" +msgstr "用法：" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:609 +msgid "" +"with swap_attr(obj, \"attr\", 5):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"with swap_attr(obj, \"attr\", 5):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/test.rst:612 +msgid "" +"This will set ``obj.attr`` to 5 for the duration of the ``with`` block, " +"restoring the old value at the end of the block. If ``attr`` doesn't exist " +"on ``obj``, it will be created and then deleted at the end of the block." +msgstr "" +"这将把 ``obj.attr`` 设为 5 并在 ``with`` 语句块内保持，在语句块结束时恢复旧值。 如果 ``attr`` 不存在于 " +"``obj`` 中，它将被创建并在语句块结束时被删除。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:617 ../../library/test.rst:635 +msgid "" +"The old value (or ``None`` if it doesn't exist) will be assigned to the " +"target of the \"as\" clause, if there is one." +msgstr "旧值 (或者如果不存在旧值则为 ``None``) 将被赋给 \"as\" 子句的目标，如果存在子句的话。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:623 +msgid "Context manager to swap out an item with a new object." +msgstr "上下文件管理器用一个新对象来交换一个条目。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:627 +msgid "" +"with swap_item(obj, \"item\", 5):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"with swap_item(obj, \"item\", 5):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/test.rst:630 +msgid "" +"This will set ``obj[\"item\"]`` to 5 for the duration of the ``with`` block," +" restoring the old value at the end of the block. If ``item`` doesn't exist " +"on ``obj``, it will be created and then deleted at the end of the block." +msgstr "" +"这将把 ``obj[\"item\"]`` 设为 5 并在 ``with`` 语句块内保持，在语句块结束时恢复旧值。 如果 ``item`` 不存在于 " +"``obj`` 中，它将被创建并在语句块结束时被删除。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:641 +msgid "" +"Call the ``flush()`` method on :data:`sys.stdout` and then on " +":data:`sys.stderr`. It can be used to make sure that the logs order is " +"consistent before writing into stderr." +msgstr "" +"在 :data:`sys.stdout` 然后又在 :data:`sys.stderr` 上调用 ``flush()`` 方法。 " +"它可被用来确保日志顺序在写入到 stderr 之前的一致性。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:650 +msgid "" +"Print a warning into :data:`sys.__stderr__`. Format the message as: " +"``f\"Warning -- {msg}\"``. If *msg* is made of multiple lines, add " +"``\"Warning -- \"`` prefix to each line." +msgstr "" +"打印一个警告到 :data:`sys.__stderr__`。 将消息格式化为: ``f\"Warning -- {msg}\"``。 如果 *msg*" +" 包含多行，则为每行添加 ``\"Warning -- \"`` 前缀。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:659 +msgid "" +"Wait until process *pid* completes and check that the process exit code is " +"*exitcode*." +msgstr "等待直到进程 *pid* 结束并检查进程退出代码是否为 *exitcode*。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Raise an :exc:`AssertionError` if the process exit code is not equal to " +"*exitcode*." +msgstr "如果进程退出代码不等于 *exitcode* 则引发 :exc:`AssertionError`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:665 +msgid "" +"If the process runs longer than *timeout* seconds (:data:`SHORT_TIMEOUT` by " +"default), kill the process and raise an :exc:`AssertionError`. The timeout " +"feature is not available on Windows." +msgstr "" +"如果进程运行时长超过 *timeout* 秒 (默认为 :data:`SHORT_TIMEOUT`)，则杀死进程并引发 " +":exc:`AssertionError`。 超时特性在 Windows 上不可用。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:674 +msgid "" +"Return the size of the :c:type:`PyObject` whose structure members are " +"defined by *fmt*. The returned value includes the size of the Python object " +"header and alignment." +msgstr "返回 :c:type:`PyObject` 的大小，其结构成员由 *fmt* 定义。 返回的值包括 Python 对象头的大小和对齐方式。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:680 +msgid "" +"Return the size of the :c:type:`PyVarObject` whose structure members are " +"defined by *fmt*. The returned value includes the size of the Python object " +"header and alignment." +msgstr "" +"返回 :c:type:`PyVarObject` 的大小，其结构成员由 *fmt* 定义。 返回的值包括 Python 对象头的大小和对齐方式。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:686 +msgid "" +"For testcase *test*, assert that the ``sys.getsizeof`` for *o* plus the GC " +"header size equals *size*." +msgstr "对于测试用例 *test*，断言 *o* 的 ``sys.getsizeof`` 加 GC 头的大小等于 *size*。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:692 +msgid "" +"A decorator to conditionally mark tests with " +":func:`unittest.expectedFailure`. Any use of this decorator should have an " +"associated comment identifying the relevant tracker issue." +msgstr "" +"一个有条件地用 :func:`unittest.expectedFailure` 来标记测试的装饰器。 " +"任何对此装饰器的使用都应当具有标识相应追踪事项的有关联注释。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:699 +msgid "" +"A decorator that skips the decorated test on TLS certification validation " +"failures." +msgstr "一个在 TLS 证书验证失败时跳过被装饰测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:704 +msgid "" +"A decorator for running a function in a different locale, correctly " +"resetting it after it has finished. *catstr* is the locale category as a " +"string (for example ``\"LC_ALL\"``). The *locales* passed will be tried " +"sequentially, and the first valid locale will be used." +msgstr "" +"一个在不同语言区域下运行函数的装饰器，并在其结束后正确地重置语言区域。 *catstr* 是字符串形式的语言区域类别 (例如 " +"``\"LC_ALL\"``)。 传入的 *locales* 将依次被尝试，并将使用第一个有效的语言区域。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:712 +msgid "" +"A decorator for running a function in a specific timezone, correctly " +"resetting it after it has finished." +msgstr "一个在指定时区下运行函数的装饰器，并在其结束后正确地重置时区。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:718 +msgid "" +"Decorator for the minimum version when running test on FreeBSD. If the " +"FreeBSD version is less than the minimum, the test is skipped." +msgstr "当在 FreeBSD 上运行测试时指定最低版本的装饰器。 如果 FreeBSD 版本号低于指定值，测试将被跳过。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:724 +msgid "" +"Decorator for the minimum version when running test on Linux. If the Linux " +"version is less than the minimum, the test is skipped." +msgstr "当在 Linux 上运行测试时指定最低版本的装饰器。 如果 Linux 版本号低于指定值，测试将被跳过。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:730 +msgid "" +"Decorator for the minimum version when running test on macOS. If the macOS " +"version is less than the minimum, the test is skipped." +msgstr "当在 macOS 上运行测试时指定最低版本的装饰器。 如果 macOS 版本号低于指定值，测试将被跳过。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:736 +msgid "" +"Decorator for skipping tests on the free-threaded build. If the :term:`GIL`" +" is disabled, the test is skipped." +msgstr "在自由线程编译版上跳过测试的装饰器。 如果禁用了 :term:`GIL`，测试将被跳过。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:742 +msgid "Decorator for skipping tests on non-IEEE 754 platforms." +msgstr "用于在非 non-IEEE 754 平台上跳过测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:747 +msgid "Decorator for skipping tests if :mod:`zlib` doesn't exist." +msgstr "用于当 :mod:`zlib` 不存在时跳过测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:752 +msgid "Decorator for skipping tests if :mod:`gzip` doesn't exist." +msgstr "用于当 :mod:`gzip` 不存在时跳过测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:757 +msgid "Decorator for skipping tests if :mod:`bz2` doesn't exist." +msgstr "用于当 :mod:`bz2` 不存在时跳过测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:762 +msgid "Decorator for skipping tests if :mod:`lzma` doesn't exist." +msgstr "用于当 :mod:`lzma` 不存在时跳过测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:767 +msgid "Decorator for skipping tests if *resource* is not available." +msgstr "用于当 *resource* 不可用时跳过测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:772 +msgid "Decorator for only running the test if :data:`HAVE_DOCSTRINGS`." +msgstr "用于仅当 :data:`HAVE_DOCSTRINGS` 时才运行测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:777 +msgid "" +"Decorator for only running the test if :ref:`Limited C API ` " +"is available." +msgstr "设置仅在 :ref:`受限 C API ` 可用时运行测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:783 +msgid "Decorator for tests only applicable to CPython." +msgstr "表示仅适用于 CPython 的测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:788 +msgid "" +"Decorator for invoking :func:`check_impl_detail` on *guards*. If that " +"returns ``False``, then uses *msg* as the reason for skipping the test." +msgstr "" +"用于在 *guards* 上唤起 :func:`check_impl_detail` 的装饰器。 如果调用返回 ``False``，则使用 *msg* " +"作为跳过测试的原因。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Decorator to temporarily turn off tracing for the duration of the test." +msgstr "用于在测试期间临时关闭追踪的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:799 +msgid "" +"Decorator for tests which involve reference counting. The decorator does " +"not run the test if it is not run by CPython. Any trace function is unset " +"for the duration of the test to prevent unexpected refcounts caused by the " +"trace function." +msgstr "" +"用于涉及引用计数的测试的装饰器。 如果测试不是由 CPython 运行则该装饰器不会运行测试。 " +"在测试期间会取消设置任何追踪函数以由追踪函数导致的意外引用计数。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:807 +msgid "Decorator for bigmem tests." +msgstr "用于大内存测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:809 +msgid "" +"*size* is a requested size for the test (in arbitrary, test-interpreted " +"units.) *memuse* is the number of bytes per unit for the test, or a good " +"estimate of it. For example, a test that needs two byte buffers, of 4 GiB " +"each, could be decorated with ``@bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=2)``." +msgstr "" +"*size* 是测试所请求的大小（以任意的，由测试解读的单位。） *memuse* 是测试的每单元字节数，或是对它的良好估计。 " +"例如，一个需要两个字节缓冲区，每个缓冲区 4 GiB，则可以用 ``@bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=2)`` 来装饰。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:814 +msgid "" +"The *size* argument is normally passed to the decorated test method as an " +"extra argument. If *dry_run* is ``True``, the value passed to the test " +"method may be less than the requested value. If *dry_run* is ``False``, it " +"means the test doesn't support dummy runs when ``-M`` is not specified." +msgstr "" +"*size* 参数通常作为额外参数传递给被测试的方法。 如果 *dry_run* 为 ``True``，则传给测试方法的值可能少于所请求的值。 如果 " +"*dry_run* 为 ``False``，则意味着当当未指定 ``-M`` 时测试将不支持虚拟运行。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:822 +msgid "Decorator for tests that fill the address space." +msgstr "用于填充地址空间的测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Test for syntax errors in *statement* by attempting to compile *statement*. " +"*testcase* is the :mod:`unittest` instance for the test. *errtext* is the " +"regular expression which should match the string representation of the " +"raised :exc:`SyntaxError`. If *lineno* is not ``None``, compares to the " +"line of the exception. If *offset* is not ``None``, compares to the offset " +"of the exception." +msgstr "" +"用于通过尝试编译 *statement* 来测试 *statement* 中的语法错误。 *testcase* 是测试的 :mod:`unittest`" +" 实例。 *errtext* 是应当匹配所引发的 :exc:`SyntaxError` 的字符串表示形式的正则表达式。 如果 *lineno* 不为 " +"``None``，则与异常所在的行进行比较。 如果 *offset* 不为 ``None``，则与异常的偏移量进行比较。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:837 +msgid "Open *url*. If open fails, raises :exc:`TestFailed`." +msgstr "打开 *url*。 如果打开失败，则引发 :exc:`TestFailed`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:842 +msgid "" +"Use this at the end of ``test_main`` whenever sub-processes are started. " +"This will help ensure that no extra children (zombies) stick around to hog " +"resources and create problems when looking for refleaks." +msgstr "" +"只要有子进程启动就在 ``test_main`` 的末尾使用此函数。 这将有助于确保没有多余的子进程（僵尸）存在占用资源并在查找引用泄漏时造成问题。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:849 +msgid "" +"Get an attribute, raising :exc:`unittest.SkipTest` if :exc:`AttributeError` " +"is raised." +msgstr "获取一个属性，如果引发了 :exc:`AttributeError` 则会引发 :exc:`unittest.SkipTest`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:855 +msgid "" +"Context manager catching unraisable exception using " +":func:`sys.unraisablehook`." +msgstr "使用 :func:`sys.unraisablehook` 来捕获不可引发的异常的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:858 +msgid "" +"Storing the exception value (``cm.unraisable.exc_value``) creates a " +"reference cycle. The reference cycle is broken explicitly when the context " +"manager exits." +msgstr "存储异常值 (``cm.unraisable.exc_value``) 会创建一个引用循环。 引用循环将在上下文管理器退出时被显式地打破。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:862 +msgid "" +"Storing the object (``cm.unraisable.object``) can resurrect it if it is set " +"to an object which is being finalized. Exiting the context manager clears " +"the stored object." +msgstr "" +"存储对象 (``cm.unraisable.object``) 如果被设置为一个正在最终化的对象则可以恢复它。 退出上下文管理器将清除已存在对象。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:868 +msgid "" +"with support.catch_unraisable_exception() as cm:\n" +" # code creating an \"unraisable exception\"\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" # check the unraisable exception: use cm.unraisable\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# cm.unraisable attribute no longer exists at this point\n" +"# (to break a reference cycle)" +msgstr "" +"with support.catch_unraisable_exception() as cm:\n" +" # 创建一个“不可引发的异常”的代码\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" # 检测这个不可引发的异常：使用 cm.unraisable\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# 此时 cm.unraisable 属性已不存在\n" +"# （以打破循环引用）" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:883 +msgid "" +"Generic implementation of the :mod:`unittest` ``load_tests`` protocol for " +"use in test packages. *pkg_dir* is the root directory of the package; " +"*loader*, *standard_tests*, and *pattern* are the arguments expected by " +"``load_tests``. In simple cases, the test package's ``__init__.py`` can be " +"the following::" +msgstr "" +"在测试包中使用的 :mod:`unittest` ``load_tests`` 协议的通用实现。 *pkg_dir* 是包的根目录；*loader*, " +"*standard_tests* 和 *pattern* 是 ``load_tests`` 所期望的参数。 在简单的情况下，测试包的 " +"``__init__.py`` 可以是下面这样的::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:889 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"from test.support import load_package_tests\n" +"\n" +"def load_tests(*args):\n" +" return load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"from test.support import load_package_tests\n" +"\n" +"def load_tests(*args):\n" +" return load_package_tests(os.path.dirname(__file__), *args)" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:898 +msgid "" +"Returns the set of attributes, functions or methods of *ref_api* not found " +"on *other_api*, except for a defined list of items to be ignored in this " +"check specified in *ignore*." +msgstr "" +"返回未在 *other_api* 中找到的 *ref_api* 的属性、函数或方法的集合，除去在 *ignore* " +"中指明的要在这个检查中忽略的已定义条目列表。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:902 +msgid "" +"By default this skips private attributes beginning with '_' but includes all" +" magic methods, i.e. those starting and ending in '__'." +msgstr "在默认情况下这将跳过以 '_' 打头的私有属性但包括所有魔术方法，即以 '__' 打头和结尾的方法。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:910 +msgid "" +"Override *object_to_patch.attr_name* with *new_value*. Also add cleanup " +"procedure to *test_instance* to restore *object_to_patch* for *attr_name*. " +"The *attr_name* should be a valid attribute for *object_to_patch*." +msgstr "" +"用 *new_value* 重载 *object_to_patch.attr_name*。并向 *test_instance* 添加清理过程以便为 " +"*attr_name* 恢复 *object_to_patch*。 *attr_name* 应当是 *object_to_patch* 的一个有效属性。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:918 +msgid "" +"Run *code* in subinterpreter. Raise :exc:`unittest.SkipTest` if " +":mod:`tracemalloc` is enabled." +msgstr "" +"在子解释器中运行 *code*。 如果启用了 :mod:`tracemalloc` 则会引发 :exc:`unittest.SkipTest`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:924 +msgid "Assert instances of *cls* are deallocated after iterating." +msgstr "断言 *cls* 的实例在迭代后被释放。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Check for the existence of the compiler executables whose names are listed " +"in *cmd_names* or all the compiler executables when *cmd_names* is empty and" +" return the first missing executable or ``None`` when none is found missing." +msgstr "" +"检查在 *cmd_names* 中列出名称的或者当 *cmd_names* " +"为空时所有的编译器可执行文件是否存在并返回第一个丢失的可执行文件或者如果未发现任何丢失则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:937 +msgid "" +"Assert that the ``__all__`` variable of *module* contains all public names." +msgstr "断言 *module* 的 ``__all__`` 变量包含全部公共名称。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:939 +msgid "" +"The module's public names (its API) are detected automatically based on " +"whether they match the public name convention and were defined in *module*." +msgstr "模块的公共名称（它的 API）是根据它们是否符合公共名称惯例并在 *module* 中被定义来自动检测的。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:943 +msgid "" +"The *name_of_module* argument can specify (as a string or tuple thereof) " +"what module(s) an API could be defined in order to be detected as a public " +"API. One case for this is when *module* imports part of its public API from " +"other modules, possibly a C backend (like ``csv`` and its ``_csv``)." +msgstr "" +"*name_of_module* 参数可以（用字符串或元组的形式）指定一个 API 可以被定义为什么模块以便被检测为一个公共 API。 " +"一种这样的情况会在 *module* 从其他模块，可能是一个 C 后端 (如 ``csv`` 和它的 ``_csv``) 导入其公共 API " +"的某一组成部分时发生。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:948 +msgid "" +"The *extra* argument can be a set of names that wouldn't otherwise be " +"automatically detected as \"public\", like objects without a proper " +":attr:`~definition.__module__` attribute. If provided, it will be added to " +"the automatically detected ones." +msgstr "" +"*extra* 参数可以是一个在其他情况下不会被自动检测为 \"public\" 的名称的集合，例如没有适当的 " +":attr:`~definition.__module__` 属性的对象。 如果提供该参数，它将被添加到被自动检测的对象中。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:952 +msgid "" +"The *not_exported* argument can be a set of names that must not be treated " +"as part of the public API even though their names indicate otherwise." +msgstr "*not_exported* 参数可以是一个不可被当作公共 API 的一部分的名称集合，即使其名称没有显式指明这一点。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:955 ../../library/test.rst:1582 +msgid "Example use::" +msgstr "用法示例::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:957 +msgid "" +"import bar\n" +"import foo\n" +"import unittest\n" +"from test import support\n" +"\n" +"class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test__all__(self):\n" +" support.check__all__(self, foo)\n" +"\n" +"class OtherTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test__all__(self):\n" +" extra = {'BAR_CONST', 'FOO_CONST'}\n" +" not_exported = {'baz'} # Undocumented name.\n" +" # bar imports part of its API from _bar.\n" +" support.check__all__(self, bar, ('bar', '_bar'),\n" +" extra=extra, not_exported=not_exported)" +msgstr "" +"import bar\n" +"import foo\n" +"import unittest\n" +"from test import support\n" +"\n" +"class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test__all__(self):\n" +" support.check__all__(self, foo)\n" +"\n" +"class OtherTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test__all__(self):\n" +" extra = {'BAR_CONST', 'FOO_CONST'}\n" +" not_exported = {'baz'} # 未写入文档的名称。\n" +" # bar 从 _bar 导入其 API 的一部分。\n" +" support.check__all__(self, bar, ('bar', '_bar'),\n" +" extra=extra, not_exported=not_exported)" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:978 +msgid "" +"Skip tests if the :mod:`multiprocessing.synchronize` module is missing, if " +"there is no available semaphore implementation, or if creating a lock raises" +" an :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "" +"如果没有 :mod:`multiprocessing.synchronize` 模块，没有可用的 semaphore 实现，或者如果创建一个锁会引发 " +":exc:`OSError` 则跳过测试。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:987 +msgid "Assert that type *tp* cannot be instantiated using *args* and *kwds*." +msgstr "断言类型 *tp* 不能使用 *args* 和 *kwds* 来实例化。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:994 +msgid "" +"This function returns a context manager that will change the global " +":func:`sys.set_int_max_str_digits` setting for the duration of the context " +"to allow execution of test code that needs a different limit on the number " +"of digits when converting between an integer and string." +msgstr "" +"此函数返回一个将在上下文生效期间改变全局 :func:`sys.set_int_max_str_digits` " +"设置的上下文管理器以便允许执行当在整数和字符串之间进行转换时需要对位数有不同限制的测试代码。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1002 +msgid "The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support` 模块定义了以下的类:" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"A context manager used to try to prevent crash dialog popups on tests that " +"are expected to crash a subprocess." +msgstr "一个用于在预期会使子进程崩溃的测试时尽量防止弹出崩溃对话框的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"On Windows, it disables Windows Error Reporting dialogs using `SetErrorMode " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，它会使用 `SetErrorMode `_ 来禁用 Windows 错误报告对话框。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1013 +msgid "" +"On UNIX, :func:`resource.setrlimit` is used to set " +":const:`resource.RLIMIT_CORE`'s soft limit to 0 to prevent coredump file " +"creation." +msgstr "" +"在 UNIX 上，会使用 :func:`resource.setrlimit` 来将 :const:`resource.RLIMIT_CORE` " +"的软限制设为 0 以防止创建核心转储文件。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"On both platforms, the old value is restored by :meth:`~object.__exit__`." +msgstr "在这两个平台上，旧值都可通过 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 恢复。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"Class to save and restore signal handlers registered by the Python signal " +"handler." +msgstr "用于保存和恢复由 Python 句柄的所注册的信号处理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"Save the signal handlers to a dictionary mapping signal numbers to the " +"current signal handler." +msgstr "将信号处理器保存到一个将信号编号映射到当前信号处理器的字典。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"Set the signal numbers from the :meth:`save` dictionary to the saved " +"handler." +msgstr "将来自 :meth:`save` 字典的信号编号设置到已保存的处理器上。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1040 +msgid "Try to match a single dict with the supplied arguments." +msgstr "尝试对单个字典与所提供的参数进行匹配。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1045 +msgid "Try to match a single stored value (*dv*) with a supplied value (*v*)." +msgstr "尝试对单个已存储值 (*dv*) 与所提供的值 (*v*) 进行匹配。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1049 +msgid ":mod:`test.support.socket_helper` --- Utilities for socket tests" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.socket_helper` --- 用于套接字测试的工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support.socket_helper` module provides support for socket " +"tests." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.socket_helper` 模块提供了对套接字测试的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1062 +msgid "Set to ``True`` if IPv6 is enabled on this host, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "设置为 ``True`` 如果主机打开IPv6, 否则 ``False`` ." + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1067 +msgid "" +"Returns an unused port that should be suitable for binding. This is " +"achieved by creating a temporary socket with the same family and type as the" +" ``sock`` parameter (default is :const:`~socket.AF_INET`, " +":const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`), and binding it to the specified host address " +"(defaults to ``0.0.0.0``) with the port set to 0, eliciting an unused " +"ephemeral port from the OS. The temporary socket is then closed and deleted," +" and the ephemeral port is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回一个应当适合绑定的未使用端口。 这是通过创建一个与 ``sock`` 形参相同协议族和类型的临时套接字来达成的 (默认为 " +":const:`~socket.AF_INET`, :const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`)，并将其绑定到指定的主机地址 (默认为 " +"``0.0.0.0``) 并将端口设为 0，以从 OS 引出一个未使用的瞬时端口。 这个临时套接字随后将被关闭并删除，然后返回该瞬时端口。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1076 +msgid "" +"Either this method or :func:`bind_port` should be used for any tests where a" +" server socket needs to be bound to a particular port for the duration of " +"the test. Which one to use depends on whether the calling code is creating a" +" Python socket, or if an unused port needs to be provided in a constructor " +"or passed to an external program (i.e. the ``-accept`` argument to openssl's" +" s_server mode). Always prefer :func:`bind_port` over " +":func:`find_unused_port` where possible. Using a hard coded port is " +"discouraged since it can make multiple instances of the test impossible to " +"run simultaneously, which is a problem for buildbots." +msgstr "" +"这个方法或 :func:`bind_port` 应当被用于任何在测试期间需要绑定到特定端口的测试。 具体使用哪个取决于调用方代码是否会创建 Python" +" 套接字，或者是否需要在构造器中提供或向外部程序提供未使用的端口（例如传给 openssl 的 s_server 模式的 ``-accept`` " +"参数）。 在可能的情况下将总是优先使用 :func:`bind_port` 而非 :func:`find_unused_port`。 " +"不建议使用硬编码的端口因为将使测试的多个实例无法同时运行，这对 buildbot 来说是个问题。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"Bind the socket to a free port and return the port number. Relies on " +"ephemeral ports in order to ensure we are using an unbound port. This is " +"important as many tests may be running simultaneously, especially in a " +"buildbot environment. This method raises an exception if the " +"``sock.family`` is :const:`~socket.AF_INET` and ``sock.type`` is " +":const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`, and the socket has " +":const:`~socket.SO_REUSEADDR` or :const:`~socket.SO_REUSEPORT` set on it. " +"Tests should never set these socket options for TCP/IP sockets. The only " +"case for setting these options is testing multicasting via multiple UDP " +"sockets." +msgstr "" +"将套接字绑定到一个空闲端口并返回端口号。 这依赖于瞬时端口以确保我们能使用一个未绑定端口。 这很重要因为可能会有许多测试同时运行，特别是在 " +"buildbot 环境中。 如果 ``sock.family`` 为 :const:`~socket.AF_INET` 而 ``sock.type`` " +"为 :const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`，并且套接字上设置了 :const:`~socket.SO_REUSEADDR` 或 " +":const:`~socket.SO_REUSEPORT` 则此方法将引发异常。 测试绝不应该为 TCP/IP 套接字设置这些套接字选项。 " +"唯一需要设置这些选项的情况是通过多个 UDP 套接字来测试组播。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"Additionally, if the :const:`~socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE` socket option is " +"available (i.e. on Windows), it will be set on the socket. This will " +"prevent anyone else from binding to our host/port for the duration of the " +"test." +msgstr "" +"此外，如果 :const:`~socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE` 套接字选项是可用的（例如在 Windows " +"上），它将在套接字上被设置。 这将阻止其他任何人在测试期间绑定到我们的主机/端口。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"Bind a Unix socket, raising :exc:`unittest.SkipTest` if " +":exc:`PermissionError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"绑定一个 Unix 套接字，如果 :exc:`PermissionError` 被引发则会引发 :exc:`unittest.SkipTest`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"A decorator for running tests that require a functional ``bind()`` for Unix " +"sockets." +msgstr "一个用于运行需要 Unix 套接字 ``bind()`` 功能的测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"A context manager that raises :exc:`~test.support.ResourceDenied` when " +"various issues with the internet connection manifest themselves as " +"exceptions." +msgstr "" +"一个在互联网连接的各种问题以异常的形式表现出来时会引发 :exc:`~test.support.ResourceDenied` 的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1127 +msgid "" +":mod:`test.support.script_helper` --- Utilities for the Python execution " +"tests" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.script_helper` --- 用于 Python 执行测试工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support.script_helper` module provides support for Python's " +"script execution tests." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.script_helper` 模块提供了对 Python 的脚本执行测试的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1138 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if ``sys.executable interpreter`` requires environment " +"variables in order to be able to run at all." +msgstr "如果 ``sys.executable interpreter`` 需要环境变量才能运行则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1141 +msgid "" +"This is designed to be used with ``@unittest.skipIf()`` to annotate tests " +"that need to use an ``assert_python*()`` function to launch an isolated mode" +" (``-I``) or no environment mode (``-E``) sub-interpreter process." +msgstr "" +"这被设计用来配合 ``@unittest.skipIf()`` 以便标注需要使用to annotate tests that need to use " +"an ``assert_python*()`` 函数来启动隔离模式 (``-I``) 或无环境模式 (``-E``) 子解释器的测试。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"A normal build & test does not run into this situation but it can happen " +"when trying to run the standard library test suite from an interpreter that " +"doesn't have an obvious home with Python's current home finding logic." +msgstr "" +"正常的编译和测试运行不会进入这种状况但它在尝试从一个使用 Python 的当前家目录查找逻辑找不到明确的家目录的解释器运行标准库测试套件时有可能发生。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1149 +msgid "" +"Setting :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is one way to get most of the testsuite to run " +"in that situation. :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` or :envvar:`PYTHONUSERSITE` are " +"other common environment variables that might impact whether or not the " +"interpreter can start." +msgstr "" +"设置 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 是一种能让大多数测试套件在这种情况下运行的办法。 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONUSERSITE` 是另外两个可影响解释器是否能启动的常见环境变量。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1157 +msgid "" +"Set up the environment based on *env_vars* for running the interpreter in a " +"subprocess. The values can include ``__isolated``, ``__cleanenv``, " +"``__cwd``, and ``TERM``." +msgstr "" +"基于 *env_vars* 设置环境以便在子进程中运行解释器。 它的值可以包括 ``__isolated``, ``__cleanenv``, " +"``__cwd``, and ``TERM``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1161 ../../library/test.rst:1177 +#: ../../library/test.rst:1189 +msgid "The function no longer strips whitespaces from *stderr*." +msgstr "此函数不会再从 *stderr* 去除空格符。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1167 +msgid "" +"Assert that running the interpreter with *args* and optional environment " +"variables *env_vars* succeeds (``rc == 0``) and return a ``(return code, " +"stdout, stderr)`` tuple." +msgstr "" +"断言附带 *args* 和可选的环境变量 *env_vars* 运行解释器会成功 (``rc == 0``) 并返回一个 ``(return code," +" stdout, stderr)`` 元组。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"If the *__cleanenv* keyword-only parameter is set, *env_vars* is used as a " +"fresh environment." +msgstr "如果设置了 *__cleanenv* 仅限关键字形参，*env_vars* 会被用作一个全新的环境。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1174 +msgid "" +"Python is started in isolated mode (command line option ``-I``), except if " +"the *__isolated* keyword-only parameter is set to ``False``." +msgstr "" +"Python 是以隔离模式 (命令行选项 ``-I``) 启动的，除非 *__isolated* 仅限关键字形参被设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"Assert that running the interpreter with *args* and optional environment " +"variables *env_vars* fails (``rc != 0``) and return a ``(return code, " +"stdout, stderr)`` tuple." +msgstr "" +"断言附带 *args* 和可选的环境变量 *env_vars* 运行解释器会失败 (``rc != 0``) 并返回一个 ``(return code," +" stdout, stderr)`` 元组。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1187 +msgid "See :func:`assert_python_ok` for more options." +msgstr "更多选项请参阅 :func:`assert_python_ok`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1195 +msgid "Run a Python subprocess with the given arguments." +msgstr "使用给定的参数运行一个 Python 子进程。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"*kw* is extra keyword args to pass to :func:`subprocess.Popen`. Returns a " +":class:`subprocess.Popen` object." +msgstr "" +"*kw* 是要传给 :func:`subprocess.Popen` 的额外关键字参数。 返回一个 :class:`subprocess.Popen` " +"对象。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1203 +msgid "" +"Run the given :class:`subprocess.Popen` process until completion and return " +"stdout." +msgstr "运行给定的 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 进程直至完成并返回 stdout。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1209 +msgid "" +"Create script containing *source* in path *script_dir* and " +"*script_basename*. If *omit_suffix* is ``False``, append ``.py`` to the " +"name. Return the full script path." +msgstr "" +"在路径 *script_dir* 和 *script_basename* 中创建包含 *source* 的脚本。 如果 *omit_suffix* 为 " +"``False``，则为名称添加 ``.py``。 返回完整的脚本路径。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1216 +msgid "" +"Create zip file at *zip_dir* and *zip_basename* with extension ``zip`` which" +" contains the files in *script_name*. *name_in_zip* is the archive name. " +"Return a tuple containing ``(full path, full path of archive name)``." +msgstr "" +"使用 *zip_dir* 和 *zip_basename* 创建扩展名为 ``zip`` 的 zip 文件，其中包含 *script_name* " +"中的文件。 *name_in_zip* 为归档名。 返回一个包含 ``(full path, full path of archive name)`` " +"的元组。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"Create a directory named *pkg_dir* containing an ``__init__`` file with " +"*init_source* as its contents." +msgstr "创建一个名为 *pkg_dir* 的目录，其中包含一个 ``__init__`` 文件并以 *init_source* 作为其内容。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1230 +msgid "" +"Create a zip package directory with a path of *zip_dir* and *zip_basename* " +"containing an empty ``__init__`` file and a file *script_basename* " +"containing the *source*. If *compiled* is ``True``, both source files will " +"be compiled and added to the zip package. Return a tuple of the full zip " +"path and the archive name for the zip file." +msgstr "" +"使用 *zip_dir* 和 *zip_basename* 创建一个 zip 包目录，其中包含一个空的 ``__init__`` 文件和一个包含 " +"*source* 的文件 *script_basename*。 如果 *compiled* 为 ``True``，则两个源文件将被编译并添加到 zip " +"包中。 返回一个以完整 zip 路径和 zip 文件归档名为元素的元组。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1238 +msgid "" +":mod:`test.support.bytecode_helper` --- Support tools for testing correct " +"bytecode generation" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.bytecode_helper` --- 用于测试正确字节码生成的支持工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1243 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support.bytecode_helper` module provides support for testing " +"and inspecting bytecode generation." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.bytecode_helper` 模块提供了对测试和检查字节码生成的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1248 +msgid "The module defines the following class:" +msgstr " 此模块定义了以下类：" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1252 +msgid "This class has custom assertion methods for inspecting bytecode." +msgstr "这个类具有用于检查字节码的自定义断言。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1256 +msgid "Return the disassembly of *co* as string." +msgstr "以字符串形式返回 *co* 的汇编码。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"Return instr if *opname* is found, otherwise throws :exc:`AssertionError`." +msgstr "如果找到 *opname* 则返回 instr，否则抛出 :exc:`AssertionError`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1266 +msgid "Throws :exc:`AssertionError` if *opname* is found." +msgstr "如果找到 *opname* 则抛出 :exc:`AssertionError`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1270 +msgid ":mod:`test.support.threading_helper` --- Utilities for threading tests" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.threading_helper` --- 用于线程测试的工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support.threading_helper` module provides support for " +"threading tests." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.threading_helper` 模块提供了对线程测试的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1282 +msgid "" +"Join a *thread* within *timeout*. Raise an :exc:`AssertionError` if thread " +"is still alive after *timeout* seconds." +msgstr "" +"在 *timeout* 秒之内合并一个 *thread*。 如果线程在 *timeout* 秒后仍然存活则引发 " +":exc:`AssertionError`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1288 +msgid "Decorator to ensure the threads are cleaned up even if the test fails." +msgstr "用于确保即使测试失败线程仍然会被清理的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1293 +msgid "" +"Context manager to start *threads*, which is a sequence of threads. *unlock*" +" is a function called after the threads are started, even if an exception " +"was raised; an example would be :meth:`threading.Event.set`. " +"``start_threads`` will attempt to join the started threads upon exit." +msgstr "" +"启动 *threads* 的上下文管理器，该参数为一个线程序列。 *unlock* " +"是一个在所有线程启动之后被调用的函数，即使引发了异常也会执行；一个例子是 :meth:`threading.Event.set`。 " +"``start_threads`` 将在退出时尝试合并已启动的线程。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"Cleanup up threads not specified in *original_values*. Designed to emit a " +"warning if a test leaves running threads in the background." +msgstr "清理未在 *original_values* 中指定的线程。 被设计为如果有一个测试在后台离开正在运行的线程时会发出警告。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1307 +msgid "Return current thread count and copy of dangling threads." +msgstr "返回当前线程计数和悬空线程的副本。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"Context manager to wait until all threads created in the ``with`` statement " +"exit." +msgstr "等待直到 ``with`` 语句中所有已创建线程退出的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"Context manager catching :class:`threading.Thread` exception using " +":func:`threading.excepthook`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`threading.excepthook` 来捕获 :class:`threading.Thread` 异常的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1321 +msgid "Attributes set when an exception is caught:" +msgstr "当异常被捕获时要设置的属性:" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1323 +msgid "``exc_type``" +msgstr "``exc_type``" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1324 +msgid "``exc_value``" +msgstr "``exc_value``" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1325 +msgid "``exc_traceback``" +msgstr "``exc_traceback``" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1326 +msgid "``thread``" +msgstr "``thread``" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1328 +msgid "See :func:`threading.excepthook` documentation." +msgstr "参见 :func:`threading.excepthook` 文档。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1330 +msgid "These attributes are deleted at the context manager exit." +msgstr "这些属性在上下文管理器退出时将被删除。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"with threading_helper.catch_threading_exception() as cm:\n" +" # code spawning a thread which raises an exception\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" # check the thread exception, use cm attributes:\n" +" # exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, thread\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, thread attributes of cm no longer\n" +"# exists at this point\n" +"# (to avoid reference cycles)" +msgstr "" +"with threading_helper.catch_threading_exception() as cm:\n" +" # 生成一个引发异常的线程的代码\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" # 检测这个线程异常，使用 cm 的属性：\n" +" # exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, thread\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# 此时 cm 的 exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, thread 属性\n" +"# 已不存在\n" +"# （以避免循环引用）" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1350 +msgid ":mod:`test.support.os_helper` --- Utilities for os tests" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.os_helper` --- 用于操作系统测试的工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1355 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support.os_helper` module provides support for os tests." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.os_helper` 模块提供了对操作系统测试的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1362 +msgid "A non-ASCII character encodable by :func:`os.fsencode`." +msgstr "一个可通过 :func:`os.fsencode` 编码的非 ASCII 字符。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1367 +msgid "Set to :func:`os.getcwd`." +msgstr "设置为 :func:`os.getcwd`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1372 +msgid "" +"Set to a name that is safe to use as the name of a temporary file. Any " +"temporary file that is created should be closed and unlinked (removed)." +msgstr "设置为一个可以安全地用作临时文件名的名称。 任何被创建的临时文件都应当被关闭和撤销链接（移除）。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1378 +msgid "" +"Set to a filename containing the :data:`FS_NONASCII` character, if it " +"exists. This guarantees that if the filename exists, it can be encoded and " +"decoded with the default filesystem encoding. This allows tests that require" +" a non-ASCII filename to be easily skipped on platforms where they can't " +"work." +msgstr "" +"如果存在的话，设置为一个包含 :data:`FS_NONASCII` 字符的文件名。 这会确保当文件名存在时，它可使用默认文件系统编码格式来编码和解码。" +" 这允许需要非 ASCII 文件名的测试在其不可用的平台上被方便地跳过。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1386 +msgid "" +"Set to a filename (str type) that should not be able to be encoded by file " +"system encoding in strict mode. It may be ``None`` if it's not possible to " +"generate such a filename." +msgstr "设置为一个应当在严格模式下不可使用文件系统编码格式来编码的文件名（str 类型）。 如果无法生成这样的文件名则可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"Set to a filename (bytes type) that should not be able to be decoded by file" +" system encoding in strict mode. It may be ``None`` if it's not possible to" +" generate such a filename." +msgstr "" +"设置为一个应当在严格模式下不可使用文件系统编码格式来编码的文件名（bytes 类型）。 如果无法生成这样的文件名则可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1400 +msgid "Set to a non-ASCII name for a temporary file." +msgstr "设置为用于临时文件的非 ASCII 名称。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1405 +msgid "" +"Class used to temporarily set or unset environment variables. Instances can" +" be used as a context manager and have a complete dictionary interface for " +"querying/modifying the underlying ``os.environ``. After exit from the " +"context manager all changes to environment variables done through this " +"instance will be rolled back." +msgstr "" +"用于临时性地设置或取消设置环境变量的类。 其实例可被用作上下文管理器并具有完整的字典接口用来查询/修改下层的 ``os.environ``。 " +"在从上下文管理器退出之后所有通过此实例对环境变量进行的修改都将被回滚。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1411 +msgid "Added dictionary interface." +msgstr "增加了字典接口。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"Simple :term:`path-like object`. It implements the " +":meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` method which just returns the *path* " +"argument. If *path* is an exception, it will be raised in " +":meth:`!__fspath__`." +msgstr "" +"简单的 :term:`path-like object`。 它实现了返回 *path* 参数的 " +":meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` 方法。 如果 *path* 是一个异常，它将在 :meth:`!__fspath__` " +"中被引发。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1425 +msgid "" +"Temporarily set the environment variable ``envvar`` to the value of " +"``value``." +msgstr "临时性地将环境变量 ``envvar`` 的值设为 ``value``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1431 +msgid "Temporarily unset the environment variable ``envvar``." +msgstr "临时性地取消设置环境变量 ``envvar``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1436 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the OS supports symbolic links, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果操作系统支持符号链接则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1442 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the OS supports xattr, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果操作系统支持 xattr 支返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"A context manager that temporarily changes the current working directory to " +"*path* and yields the directory." +msgstr "一个临时性地将当前工作目录改为 *path* 并输出该目录的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"If *quiet* is ``False``, the context manager raises an exception on error. " +"Otherwise, it issues only a warning and keeps the current working directory " +"the same." +msgstr "" +"如果 *quiet* 为 ``False``，此上下文管理器将在发生错误时引发一个异常。 在其他情况下，它将只发出一个警告并将当前工作目录保持原状。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"Create an empty file with *filename*. If it already exists, truncate it." +msgstr "创建一个名为 *filename* 的空文件。 如果文件已存在，则清空其内容。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1463 +msgid "Count the number of open file descriptors." +msgstr "统计打开的文件描述符数量。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the file system for *directory* is case-insensitive." +msgstr "如果 *directory* 的文件系统对大小写敏感则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1473 +msgid "" +"Create an invalid file descriptor by opening and closing a temporary file, " +"and returning its descriptor." +msgstr "通过打开并关闭临时文件来创建一个无效的文件描述符，并返回其描述器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1479 +msgid "" +"Call :func:`os.rmdir` on *filename*. On Windows platforms, this is wrapped " +"with a wait loop that checks for the existence of the file, which is needed " +"due to antivirus programs that can hold files open and prevent deletion." +msgstr "" +"在 *filename* 上调用 :func:`os.rmdir`。 在 Windows " +"平台上，这将使用一个检测文件是否存在的等待循环来包装，需要这样做是因为反病毒程序会保持文件打开并阻止其被删除。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1487 +msgid "" +"Call :func:`shutil.rmtree` on *path* or call :func:`os.lstat` and " +":func:`os.rmdir` to remove a path and its contents. As with :func:`rmdir`, " +"on Windows platforms this is wrapped with a wait loop that checks for the " +"existence of the files." +msgstr "" +"在 *path* 上调用 :func:`shutil.rmtree` 或者调用 :func:`os.lstat` 和 :func:`os.rmdir` " +"来移除一个路径及其内容。 与 :func:`rmdir` 一样，在 Windows 平台上这将使用一个检测文件是否存在的等待循环来包装。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1495 +msgid "A decorator for running tests that require support for symbolic links." +msgstr "一个用于运行需要符号链接支持的测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1500 +msgid "A decorator for running tests that require support for xattr." +msgstr "一个用于运行需要 xattr 支持的测试的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1505 +msgid "" +"A context manager that temporarily creates a new directory and changes the " +"current working directory (CWD)." +msgstr "一个临时性地创建新目录并改变当前工作目录（CWD）的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1508 +msgid "" +"The context manager creates a temporary directory in the current directory " +"with name *name* before temporarily changing the current working directory." +" If *name* is ``None``, the temporary directory is created using " +":func:`tempfile.mkdtemp`." +msgstr "" +"临时性地改变当前工作目录之前此上下文管理器会在当前目录下创建一个名为 *name* 的临时目录。 如果 *name* 为 ``None``，则会使用 " +":func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` 创建临时目录。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"If *quiet* is ``False`` and it is not possible to create or change the CWD, " +"an error is raised. Otherwise, only a warning is raised and the original " +"CWD is used." +msgstr "" +"如果 *quiet* 为 ``False`` 并且无法创建或修改 CWD，则会引发一个错误。 在其他情况下，只会引发一个警告并使用原始 CWD。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1520 +msgid "" +"A context manager that creates a temporary directory at *path* and yields " +"the directory." +msgstr "一个在 *path* 上创建临时目录并输出该目录的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"If *path* is ``None``, the temporary directory is created using " +":func:`tempfile.mkdtemp`. If *quiet* is ``False``, the context manager " +"raises an exception on error. Otherwise, if *path* is specified and cannot " +"be created, only a warning is issued." +msgstr "" +"如果 *path* 为 ``None``，则会使用 :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` 来创建临时目录。 如果 *quiet* 为 " +"``False``，则该上下文管理器在发生错误时会引发一个异常。 在其他情况下，如果 *path* 已被指定并且无法创建，则只会发出一个警告。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1531 +msgid "A context manager that temporarily sets the process umask." +msgstr "一个临时性地设置进程掩码的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"Call :func:`os.unlink` on *filename*. As with :func:`rmdir`, on Windows " +"platforms, this is wrapped with a wait loop that checks for the existence of" +" the file." +msgstr "" +"在 *filename* 上调用 :func:`os.unlink`。 与 :func:`rmdir` 一样，在 Windows " +"平台上这将使用一个检测文本是否存在的等待循环来包装。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1542 +msgid ":mod:`test.support.import_helper` --- Utilities for import tests" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.import_helper` --- 用于导入测试的工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support.import_helper` module provides support for import " +"tests." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.import_helper` 模块提供了对导入测试的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"Remove the module named *module_name* from ``sys.modules`` and delete any " +"byte-compiled files of the module." +msgstr "从 ``sys.modules`` 移除名为 *module_name* 的模块并删除该模块的已编译字节码文件。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"This function imports and returns a fresh copy of the named Python module by" +" removing the named module from ``sys.modules`` before doing the import. " +"Note that unlike :func:`reload`, the original module is not affected by this" +" operation." +msgstr "" +"此函数会在执行导入之前通过从 ``sys.modules`` 移除指定模块来导入并返回指定 Python 模块的新副本。 请注意这不同于 " +":func:`reload`，原来的模块不会受到此操作的影响。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1565 +msgid "" +"*fresh* is an iterable of additional module names that are also removed from" +" the ``sys.modules`` cache before doing the import." +msgstr "*fresh* 是包含在执行导入之前还要从 ``sys.modules`` 缓存中移除的附加模块名称的可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1568 +msgid "" +"*blocked* is an iterable of module names that are replaced with ``None`` in " +"the module cache during the import to ensure that attempts to import them " +"raise :exc:`ImportError`." +msgstr "" +"*blocked* 是包含模块名称的可迭代对象，导入期间在模块缓存中它会被替换为 ``None`` 以确保尝试导入将引发 " +":exc:`ImportError`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1572 +msgid "" +"The named module and any modules named in the *fresh* and *blocked* " +"parameters are saved before starting the import and then reinserted into " +"``sys.modules`` when the fresh import is complete." +msgstr "" +"指定名称的模块以及任何在 *fresh* 和 *blocked* 形参中指明的模块会在开始导入之前被保存并在全新导入完成时被重新插入到 " +"``sys.modules`` 中。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1576 +msgid "" +"Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import if" +" *deprecated* is ``True``." +msgstr "如果 *deprecated* 为 ``True`` 则在此导入操作期间模块和包的弃用消息会被屏蔽。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1579 +msgid "" +"This function will raise :exc:`ImportError` if the named module cannot be " +"imported." +msgstr "如果指定名称的模块无法被导入则此函数将引发 :exc:`ImportError`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1584 +msgid "" +"# Get copies of the warnings module for testing without affecting the\n" +"# version being used by the rest of the test suite. One copy uses the\n" +"# C implementation, the other is forced to use the pure Python fallback\n" +"# implementation\n" +"py_warnings = import_fresh_module('warnings', blocked=['_warnings'])\n" +"c_warnings = import_fresh_module('warnings', fresh=['_warnings'])" +msgstr "" +"# 获取 warnings 模块的副本用于测试而会不影响\n" +"# 测试套件的其他部分所使用的版本。 一个副本\n" +"# 使用 C 实现，另一个被强制使用纯 Python 的\n" +"# 回退实现\n" +"py_warnings = import_fresh_module('warnings', blocked=['_warnings'])\n" +"c_warnings = import_fresh_module('warnings', fresh=['_warnings'])" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"This function imports and returns the named module. Unlike a normal import, " +"this function raises :exc:`unittest.SkipTest` if the module cannot be " +"imported." +msgstr "此函数会导入并返回指定名称的模块。 不同于正常的导入，如果模块无法被导入则此函数将引发 :exc:`unittest.SkipTest`。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1600 +msgid "" +"Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import if" +" *deprecated* is ``True``. If a module is required on a platform but " +"optional for others, set *required_on* to an iterable of platform prefixes " +"which will be compared against :data:`sys.platform`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *deprecated* 为 ``True`` 则在此导入操作期间模块和包的弃用消息会被屏蔽。 " +"如果某个模块在特定平台上是必需的而在其他平台上是可选的，请为包含平台前缀的可迭代对象设置 *required_on*，此对象将与 " +":data:`sys.platform` 进行比对。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1610 +msgid "Return a copy of :data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "返回 :data:`sys.modules` 的副本。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1615 +msgid "" +"Remove modules except for *oldmodules* and ``encodings`` in order to " +"preserve internal cache." +msgstr "移除 *oldmodules* 和 ``encodings`` 以外的模块以保留内部缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1621 +msgid "Delete *name* from ``sys.modules``." +msgstr "从 ``sys.modules`` 中删除 *name*。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1626 +msgid "" +"Move a :pep:`3147`/:pep:`488` pyc file to its legacy pyc location and return" +" the file system path to the legacy pyc file. The *source* value is the " +"file system path to the source file. It does not need to exist, however the" +" PEP 3147/488 pyc file must exist." +msgstr "" +"将 :pep:`3147`/:pep:`488` pyc 文件移至旧版 pyc 位置并返回该旧版 pyc 文件的文件系统路径。 *source* " +"的值是源文件的文件系统路径。 它不必真实存在，但是 PEP 3147/488 pyc 文件必须存在。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1634 +msgid "" +"A context manager to force import to return a new module reference. This is" +" useful for testing module-level behaviors, such as the emission of a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` on import. Example usage::" +msgstr "" +"强制导入以返回一个新的模块引用的上下文管理器。 这适用于测试模块层级的行为，例如在导入时发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 " +"示例用法::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1638 +msgid "" +"with CleanImport('foo'):\n" +" importlib.import_module('foo') # New reference." +msgstr "" +"with CleanImport('foo'):\n" +" importlib.import_module('foo') # 新引用" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1644 +msgid "A context manager to temporarily add directories to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "一个临时性地向 :data:`sys.path` 添加目录的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"This makes a copy of :data:`sys.path`, appends any directories given as " +"positional arguments, then reverts :data:`sys.path` to the copied settings " +"when the context ends." +msgstr "" +"这将创建 :data:`sys.path` 的一个副本，添加作为位置参数传入的任何目录，然后在上下文结束时将 :data:`sys.path` " +"还原到副本的设置。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"Note that *all* :data:`sys.path` modifications in the body of the context " +"manager, including replacement of the object, will be reverted at the end of" +" the block." +msgstr "请注意该上下文管理器代码块中 *所有* 对 :data:`sys.path` 的修改，包括对象的替换，都将在代码块结束时被还原。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1656 +msgid ":mod:`test.support.warnings_helper` --- Utilities for warnings tests" +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.warnings_helper` --- 用于警告测试的工具" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1661 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.support.warnings_helper` module provides support for warnings" +" tests." +msgstr ":mod:`test.support.warnings_helper` 模块提供了对警告测试的支持。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1668 +msgid "" +"Suppress warnings that are instances of *category*, which must be " +":exc:`Warning` or a subclass. Roughly equivalent to " +":func:`warnings.catch_warnings` with :meth:`warnings.simplefilter('ignore', " +"category=category) `. For example::" +msgstr "" +"抑制作为 *category* 实例的警告，它必须为 :exc:`Warning` 或其子类。 大致等价于 " +":func:`warnings.catch_warnings` 设置 :meth:`warnings.simplefilter('ignore', " +"category=category) `。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1674 +msgid "" +"@warning_helper.ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)\n" +"def test_suppress_warning():\n" +" # do something" +msgstr "" +"@warning_helper.ignore_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning)\n" +"def test_suppress_warning():\n" +" # 做些什么" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1683 +msgid "" +"Context manager to check that no :exc:`ResourceWarning` was raised. You " +"must remove the object which may emit :exc:`ResourceWarning` before the end " +"of the context manager." +msgstr "" +"检测是否没有任何 :exc:`ResourceWarning` 被引发的上下文管理器。 你必须在该上下文管理器结束之前移除可能发出 " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` 的对象。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1690 +msgid "" +"Test for syntax warning in *statement* by attempting to compile *statement*." +" Test also that the :exc:`SyntaxWarning` is emitted only once, and that it " +"will be converted to a :exc:`SyntaxError` when turned into error. *testcase*" +" is the :mod:`unittest` instance for the test. *errtext* is the regular " +"expression which should match the string representation of the emitted " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning` and raised :exc:`SyntaxError`. If *lineno* is not " +"``None``, compares to the line of the warning and exception. If *offset* is " +"not ``None``, compares to the offset of the exception." +msgstr "" +"用于通过尝试编译 *statement* 来测试 *statement* 中的语法警告。 还会测试 :exc:`SyntaxWarning` " +"是否只发出了一次，以及它在转成错误时是否将被转换为 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 *testcase* 是用于测试的 " +":mod:`unittest` 实例。 *errtext* 是应当匹配所发出的 :exc:`SyntaxWarning` 以及所引发的 " +":exc:`SyntaxError` 的字符串表示形式的正则表达式。 如果 *lineno* 不为 ``None``，则与警告和异常所在的行进行比较。 " +"如果 *offset* 不为 ``None``，则与异常的偏移量进行比较。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1704 +msgid "" +"A convenience wrapper for :func:`warnings.catch_warnings` that makes it " +"easier to test that a warning was correctly raised. It is approximately " +"equivalent to calling ``warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)`` with " +":meth:`warnings.simplefilter` set to ``always`` and with the option to " +"automatically validate the results that are recorded." +msgstr "" +"一个用于 :func:`warnings.catch_warnings` 以更容易地测试特定警告是否被正确引发的便捷包装器。 它大致等价于调用 " +"``warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)`` 并将 :meth:`warnings.simplefilter` 设为" +" ``always`` 并附带自动验证已记录结果的选项。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1710 +msgid "" +"``check_warnings`` accepts 2-tuples of the form ``(\"message regexp\", " +"WarningCategory)`` as positional arguments. If one or more *filters* are " +"provided, or if the optional keyword argument *quiet* is ``False``, it " +"checks to make sure the warnings are as expected: each specified filter " +"must match at least one of the warnings raised by the enclosed code or the " +"test fails, and if any warnings are raised that do not match any of the " +"specified filters the test fails. To disable the first of these checks, set" +" *quiet* to ``True``." +msgstr "" +"``check_warnings`` 接受 ``(\"message regexp\", WarningCategory)`` 形式的 2 " +"元组作为位置参数。 如果提供了一个或多个 *filters*，或者如果可选的关键字参数 *quiet* 为 " +"``False``，则它会检查确认警告是符合预期的：每个已指定的过滤器必须匹配至少一个被包围的代码或测试失败时引发的警告，并且如果有任何未能匹配已指定过滤器的警告被引发则测试将失败。" +" 要禁用这些检查中的第一项，请将 *quiet* 设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1719 +msgid "If no arguments are specified, it defaults to::" +msgstr "如果未指定任何参数，则默认为::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1721 +msgid "check_warnings((\"\", Warning), quiet=True)" +msgstr "check_warnings((\"\", Warning), quiet=True)" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1723 +msgid "In this case all warnings are caught and no errors are raised." +msgstr "在此情况下所有警告都会被捕获而不会引发任何错误。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"On entry to the context manager, a :class:`WarningRecorder` instance is " +"returned. The underlying warnings list from :func:`~warnings.catch_warnings`" +" is available via the recorder object's :attr:`warnings` attribute. As a " +"convenience, the attributes of the object representing the most recent " +"warning can also be accessed directly through the recorder object (see " +"example below). If no warning has been raised, then any of the attributes " +"that would otherwise be expected on an object representing a warning will " +"return ``None``." +msgstr "" +"在进入该上下文管理器时，将返回一个 :class:`WarningRecorder` 实例。 来自 " +":func:`~warnings.catch_warnings` 的下层警告列表可通过该记录器对象的 :attr:`warnings` 属性来访问。 " +"作为一个便捷方式，该对象中代表最近的警告的属性也可通过该记录器对象来直接访问（参见以下示例）。 " +"如果未引发任何警告，则在其他情况下预期代表一个警告的任何对象属性都将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"The recorder object also has a :meth:`reset` method, which clears the " +"warnings list." +msgstr "该记录器对象还有一个 :meth:`reset` 方法，该方法会清空警告列表。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1737 +msgid "The context manager is designed to be used like this::" +msgstr "该上下文管理器被设计为像这样来使用::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"with check_warnings((\"assertion is always true\", SyntaxWarning),\n" +" (\"\", UserWarning)):\n" +" exec('assert(False, \"Hey!\")')\n" +" warnings.warn(UserWarning(\"Hide me!\"))" +msgstr "" +"with check_warnings((\"assertion is always true\", SyntaxWarning),\n" +" (\"\", UserWarning)):\n" +" exec('assert(False, \"Hey!\")')\n" +" warnings.warn(UserWarning(\"Hide me!\"))" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1744 +msgid "" +"In this case if either warning was not raised, or some other warning was " +"raised, :func:`check_warnings` would raise an error." +msgstr "在此情况下如果两个警告都未被引发，或是引发了其他的警告，则 :func:`check_warnings` 将会引发一个错误。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1747 +msgid "" +"When a test needs to look more deeply into the warnings, rather than just " +"checking whether or not they occurred, code like this can be used::" +msgstr "当一个测试需要更深入地查看这些警告，而不是仅仅检查它们是否发生时，可以使用这样的代码::" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1750 +msgid "" +"with check_warnings(quiet=True) as w:\n" +" warnings.warn(\"foo\")\n" +" assert str(w.args[0]) == \"foo\"\n" +" warnings.warn(\"bar\")\n" +" assert str(w.args[0]) == \"bar\"\n" +" assert str(w.warnings[0].args[0]) == \"foo\"\n" +" assert str(w.warnings[1].args[0]) == \"bar\"\n" +" w.reset()\n" +" assert len(w.warnings) == 0" +msgstr "" +"with check_warnings(quiet=True) as w:\n" +" warnings.warn(\"foo\")\n" +" assert str(w.args[0]) == \"foo\"\n" +" warnings.warn(\"bar\")\n" +" assert str(w.args[0]) == \"bar\"\n" +" assert str(w.warnings[0].args[0]) == \"foo\"\n" +" assert str(w.warnings[1].args[0]) == \"bar\"\n" +" w.reset()\n" +" assert len(w.warnings) == 0" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1761 +msgid "" +"Here all warnings will be caught, and the test code tests the captured " +"warnings directly." +msgstr "在这里所有的警告都将被捕获，而测试代码会直接测试被捕获的警告。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1764 +msgid "New optional arguments *filters* and *quiet*." +msgstr "新增可选参数 *filters* 和 *quiet*。" + +#: ../../library/test.rst:1770 +msgid "" +"Class used to record warnings for unit tests. See documentation of " +":func:`check_warnings` above for more details." +msgstr "用于为单元测试记录警告的类。 请参阅以上 :func:`check_warnings` 的文档来了解详情。" diff --git a/library/text.po b/library/text.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6331c1b56 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/text.po @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/text.rst:6 +msgid "Text Processing Services" +msgstr "文本处理服务" + +#: ../../library/text.rst:8 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of string " +"manipulation operations and other text processing services." +msgstr "本章介绍的模块提供了广泛的字符串操作和其他文本处理服务。" + +#: ../../library/text.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`codecs` module described under :ref:`binaryservices` is also " +"highly relevant to text processing. In addition, see the documentation for " +"Python's built-in string type in :ref:`textseq`." +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`binaryservices` 之下描述的 :mod:`codecs` 模块也与文本处理高度相关。 此外也请参阅 Python " +"内置字符串类型的文档 :ref:`textseq`。" diff --git a/library/textwrap.po b/library/textwrap.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65b9282b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/textwrap.po @@ -0,0 +1,467 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sunsol s , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!textwrap` --- Text wrapping and filling" +msgstr ":mod:`!textwrap` --- 文本自动换行与填充" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/textwrap.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/textwrap.py`" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`textwrap` module provides some convenience functions, as well as " +":class:`TextWrapper`, the class that does all the work. If you're just " +"wrapping or filling one or two text strings, the convenience functions " +"should be good enough; otherwise, you should use an instance of " +":class:`TextWrapper` for efficiency." +msgstr "" +":mod:`textwrap` 模块提供了一些快捷函数，以及可以完成所有工作的类 :class:`TextWrapper`。 " +"如果你只是要对一两个文本字符串进行自动换行或填充，快捷函数应该就够用了；否则的话，你应该使用 :class:`TextWrapper` " +"的实例来提高效率。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Wraps the single paragraph in *text* (a string) so every line is at most " +"*width* characters long. Returns a list of output lines, without final " +"newlines." +msgstr "对 *text* (字符串) 中的单独段落自动换行以使每行长度最多为 *width* 个字符。 返回由输出行组成的列表，行尾不带换行符。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Optional keyword arguments correspond to the instance attributes of " +":class:`TextWrapper`, documented below." +msgstr "与 :class:`TextWrapper` 的实例属性对应的可选的关键字参数，具体文档见下。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:34 +msgid "" +"See the :meth:`TextWrapper.wrap` method for additional details on how " +":func:`wrap` behaves." +msgstr "请参阅 :meth:`TextWrapper.wrap` 方法了解有关 :func:`wrap` 行为的详细信息。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Wraps the single paragraph in *text*, and returns a single string containing" +" the wrapped paragraph. :func:`fill` is shorthand for ::" +msgstr "对 *text* 中的单独段落自动换行，并返回一个包含被自动换行段落的单独字符串。 :func:`fill` 是以下语句的快捷方式 ::" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:48 +msgid "\"\\n\".join(wrap(text, ...))" +msgstr "\"\\n\".join(wrap(text, ...))" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:50 +msgid "" +"In particular, :func:`fill` accepts exactly the same keyword arguments as " +":func:`wrap`." +msgstr "特别要说明的是，:func:`fill` 接受与 :func:`wrap` 完全相同的关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:58 +msgid "Collapse and truncate the given *text* to fit in the given *width*." +msgstr "折叠并截短给定的 *text* 以符合给定的 *width*。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:60 +msgid "" +"First the whitespace in *text* is collapsed (all whitespace is replaced by " +"single spaces). If the result fits in the *width*, it is returned. " +"Otherwise, enough words are dropped from the end so that the remaining words" +" plus the *placeholder* fit within *width*::" +msgstr "" +"首先 *text* 中的空格会被折叠（所有连续会替换为单个空格）。 如果结果能适合 *width*，它将被返回。 " +"在其他情况下，将在末尾丢弃足够数量的单词以使剩余的单词加 *placeholder* 能适合 *width*::" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:65 +msgid "" +">>> textwrap.shorten(\"Hello world!\", width=12)\n" +"'Hello world!'\n" +">>> textwrap.shorten(\"Hello world!\", width=11)\n" +"'Hello [...]'\n" +">>> textwrap.shorten(\"Hello world\", width=10, placeholder=\"...\")\n" +"'Hello...'" +msgstr "" +">>> textwrap.shorten(\"Hello world!\", width=12)\n" +"'Hello world!'\n" +">>> textwrap.shorten(\"Hello world!\", width=11)\n" +"'Hello [...]'\n" +">>> textwrap.shorten(\"Hello world\", width=10, placeholder=\"...\")\n" +"'Hello...'" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Optional keyword arguments correspond to the instance attributes of " +":class:`TextWrapper`, documented below. Note that the whitespace is " +"collapsed before the text is passed to the :class:`TextWrapper` :meth:`fill`" +" function, so changing the value of :attr:`.tabsize`, :attr:`.expand_tabs`, " +":attr:`.drop_whitespace`, and :attr:`.replace_whitespace` will have no " +"effect." +msgstr "" +"可选的关键字参数对应于 :class:`TextWrapper` 的实际属性，具体见下文。 请注意文本在被传入 :class:`TextWrapper`" +" 的 :meth:`fill` 函数之前会被折叠，因此改变 :attr:`.tabsize`, :attr:`.expand_tabs`, " +":attr:`.drop_whitespace` 和 :attr:`.replace_whitespace` 的值将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:82 +msgid "Remove any common leading whitespace from every line in *text*." +msgstr "移除 *text* 中每一行的任何相同前缀空白符。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:84 +msgid "" +"This can be used to make triple-quoted strings line up with the left edge of" +" the display, while still presenting them in the source code in indented " +"form." +msgstr "这可以用来清除三重引号字符串行左侧空格，而仍然在源码中显示为缩进格式。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Note that tabs and spaces are both treated as whitespace, but they are not " +"equal: the lines ``\" hello\"`` and ``\"\\thello\"`` are considered to have" +" no common leading whitespace." +msgstr "" +"请注意制表符和空格符都被视为是空白符，但它们并不相等：以下两行 ``\" hello\"`` 和 ``\"\\thello\"`` " +"不会被视为具有相同的前缀空白符。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Lines containing only whitespace are ignored in the input and normalized to " +"a single newline character in the output." +msgstr "只包含空白符的行会在输入时被忽略并在输出时被标准化为单个换行符。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:94 ../../library/textwrap.rst:115 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如::" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:96 +msgid "" +"def test():\n" +" # end first line with \\ to avoid the empty line!\n" +" s = '''\\\n" +" hello\n" +" world\n" +" '''\n" +" print(repr(s)) # prints ' hello\\n world\\n '\n" +" print(repr(dedent(s))) # prints 'hello\\n world\\n'" +msgstr "" +"def test():\n" +" # 第一行以 \\ 结束以避免出现空行！\n" +" s = '''\\\n" +" hello\n" +" world\n" +" '''\n" +" print(repr(s)) # prints ' hello\\n world\\n '\n" +" print(repr(dedent(s))) # prints 'hello\\n world\\n'" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:108 +msgid "Add *prefix* to the beginning of selected lines in *text*." +msgstr "将 *prefix* 添加到 *text* 中选定行的开头。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:110 +msgid "Lines are separated by calling ``text.splitlines(True)``." +msgstr "通过调用 ``text.splitlines(True)`` 来对行进行拆分。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:112 +msgid "" +"By default, *prefix* is added to all lines that do not consist solely of " +"whitespace (including any line endings)." +msgstr "默认情况下，*prefix* 会被添加到所有不是只由空白符（包括任何行结束符）组成的行。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:117 +msgid "" +">>> s = 'hello\\n\\n \\nworld'\n" +">>> indent(s, ' ')\n" +"' hello\\n\\n \\n world'" +msgstr "" +">>> s = 'hello\\n\\n \\nworld'\n" +">>> indent(s, ' ')\n" +"' hello\\n\\n \\n world'" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:121 +msgid "" +"The optional *predicate* argument can be used to control which lines are " +"indented. For example, it is easy to add *prefix* to even empty and " +"whitespace-only lines::" +msgstr "可选的 *predicate* 参数可用来控制哪些行要缩进。 例如，可以很容易地为空行或只有空白符的行添加 *prefix*::" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:125 +msgid "" +">>> print(indent(s, '+ ', lambda line: True))\n" +"+ hello\n" +"+\n" +"+\n" +"+ world" +msgstr "" +">>> print(indent(s, '+ ', lambda line: True))\n" +"+ hello\n" +"+\n" +"+\n" +"+ world" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:134 +msgid "" +":func:`wrap`, :func:`fill` and :func:`shorten` work by creating a " +":class:`TextWrapper` instance and calling a single method on it. That " +"instance is not reused, so for applications that process many text strings " +"using :func:`wrap` and/or :func:`fill`, it may be more efficient to create " +"your own :class:`TextWrapper` object." +msgstr "" +":func:`wrap`, :func:`fill` 和 :func:`shorten` 的作用方式为创建一个 :class:`TextWrapper`" +" 实例并在其上调用单个方法。 该实例不会被重用，因此对于要使用 :func:`wrap` 和/或 :func:`fill` " +"来处理许多文本字符串的应用来说，创建你自己的 :class:`TextWrapper` 对象可能会更有效率。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Text is preferably wrapped on whitespaces and right after the hyphens in " +"hyphenated words; only then will long words be broken if necessary, unless " +":attr:`TextWrapper.break_long_words` is set to false." +msgstr "" +"文本最好在空白符位置自动换行，包括带连字符单词的连字符之后；长单词仅在必要时会被拆分，除非 " +":attr:`TextWrapper.break_long_words` 被设为假值。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:146 +msgid "" +"The :class:`TextWrapper` constructor accepts a number of optional keyword " +"arguments. Each keyword argument corresponds to an instance attribute, so " +"for example ::" +msgstr ":class:`TextWrapper` 构造器接受多个可选的关键字参数。 每个关键字参数对应一个实例属性，比如说 ::" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:150 +msgid "wrapper = TextWrapper(initial_indent=\"* \")" +msgstr "wrapper = TextWrapper(initial_indent=\"* \")" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:152 +msgid "is the same as ::" +msgstr "相当于：" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:154 +msgid "" +"wrapper = TextWrapper()\n" +"wrapper.initial_indent = \"* \"" +msgstr "" +"wrapper = TextWrapper()\n" +"wrapper.initial_indent = \"* \"" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:157 +msgid "" +"You can reuse the same :class:`TextWrapper` object many times, and you can " +"change any of its options through direct assignment to instance attributes " +"between uses." +msgstr "你可以多次重用相同的 :class:`TextWrapper` 对象，并且你也可以在使用期间通过直接向实例属性赋值来修改它的任何选项。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:161 +msgid "" +"The :class:`TextWrapper` instance attributes (and keyword arguments to the " +"constructor) are as follows:" +msgstr ":class:`TextWrapper` 的实例属性（以及构造器的关键字参数）如下所示：" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:167 +msgid "" +"(default: ``70``) The maximum length of wrapped lines. As long as there are" +" no individual words in the input text longer than :attr:`width`, " +":class:`TextWrapper` guarantees that no output line will be longer than " +":attr:`width` characters." +msgstr "" +"(默认: ``70``) 自动换行的最大行长度。 只要输入文本中没有长于 :attr:`width` " +"的单个单词，:class:`TextWrapper` 就能保证没有长于 :attr:`width` 个字符的输出行。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:175 +msgid "" +"(default: ``True``) If true, then all tab characters in *text* will be " +"expanded to spaces using the :meth:`~str.expandtabs` method of *text*." +msgstr "" +"(默认值: ``True``) 如果为真值，则 *text* 中的所有制表符将使用 *text* 的 :meth:`~str.expandtabs` " +"方法扩展为空格符。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:181 +msgid "" +"(default: ``8``) If :attr:`expand_tabs` is true, then all tab characters in " +"*text* will be expanded to zero or more spaces, depending on the current " +"column and the given tab size." +msgstr "" +"(默认: ``8``) 如果 :attr:`expand_tabs` 为真值，则 *text* " +"中所有的制表符将扩展为零个或多个空格，具体取决于当前列位置和给定的制表宽度。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:190 +msgid "" +"(default: ``True``) If true, after tab expansion but before wrapping, the " +":meth:`wrap` method will replace each whitespace character with a single " +"space. The whitespace characters replaced are as follows: tab, newline, " +"vertical tab, formfeed, and carriage return (``'\\t\\n\\v\\f\\r'``)." +msgstr "" +"(default: ``True``) 如果为真值，在制表符扩展之后、自动换行之前，:meth:`wrap` 方法将把每个空白字符都替换为单个空格。 " +"会被替换的空白字符如下：制表，换行，垂直制表，进纸和回车 (``'\\t\\n\\v\\f\\r'``)。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:198 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`expand_tabs` is false and :attr:`replace_whitespace` is true, each" +" tab character will be replaced by a single space, which is *not* the same " +"as tab expansion." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`expand_tabs` 为假值且 :attr:`replace_whitespace` " +"为真值，每个制表符将被替换为单个空格，这与制表符扩展是 *不* 一样的。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:204 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`replace_whitespace` is false, newlines may appear in the middle of" +" a line and cause strange output. For this reason, text should be split into" +" paragraphs (using :meth:`str.splitlines` or similar) which are wrapped " +"separately." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`replace_whitespace` 为假值，在一行的中间有可能出现换行符并导致怪异的输出。 因此，文本应当（使用 " +":meth:`str.splitlines` 或类似方法）拆分为段落并分别进行自动换行。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:212 +msgid "" +"(default: ``True``) If true, whitespace at the beginning and ending of every" +" line (after wrapping but before indenting) is dropped. Whitespace at the " +"beginning of the paragraph, however, is not dropped if non-whitespace " +"follows it. If whitespace being dropped takes up an entire line, the whole " +"line is dropped." +msgstr "" +"(默认: ``True``) 如果为真值，每一行开头和末尾的空白字符（在包装之后、缩进之前）会被丢弃。 " +"但是段落开头的空白字符如果后面不带任何非空白字符则不会被丢弃。 如果被丢弃的空白字符占据了一个整行，则该整行将被丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:221 +msgid "" +"(default: ``''``) String that will be prepended to the first line of wrapped" +" output. Counts towards the length of the first line. The empty string is " +"not indented." +msgstr "(默认: ``''``) 将被添加到被自动换行输出内容的第一行的字符串。 其长度会被计入第一行的长度。 空字符串不会被缩进。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:228 +msgid "" +"(default: ``''``) String that will be prepended to all lines of wrapped " +"output except the first. Counts towards the length of each line except the " +"first." +msgstr "(default: ``''``) 将被添加到被自动换行输出内容除第一行外的所有行的字符串。 其长度会被计入除行一行外的所有行的长度。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:235 +msgid "" +"(default: ``False``) If true, :class:`TextWrapper` attempts to detect " +"sentence endings and ensure that sentences are always separated by exactly " +"two spaces. This is generally desired for text in a monospaced font. " +"However, the sentence detection algorithm is imperfect: it assumes that a " +"sentence ending consists of a lowercase letter followed by one of ``'.'``, " +"``'!'``, or ``'?'``, possibly followed by one of ``'\"'`` or ``\"'\"``, " +"followed by a space. One problem with this algorithm is that it is unable " +"to detect the difference between \"Dr.\" in ::" +msgstr "" +"(默认: ``False``) 如果为真值，:class:`TextWrapper` 将尝试检测句子结尾并确保句子间总是以恰好两个空格符分隔。 " +"对于使用等宽字体的文本来说通常都需要这样。 但是句子检测算法并不完美：它假定句子结尾是一个小写字母加字符 ``'.'``, ``'!'`` 或 " +"``'?'`` 之一，并可能跟一个 ``'\"'`` 或 ``\"'\"``，再跟一个空格。 此算法的一个问题是它无法区分以下文本中的 \"Dr.\" " +"::" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:244 +msgid "[...] Dr. Frankenstein's monster [...]" +msgstr "[...] Dr. Frankenstein's monster [...]" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:246 +msgid "and \"Spot.\" in ::" +msgstr "和以下文本中的 \"Spot.\" ::" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:248 +msgid "[...] See Spot. See Spot run [...]" +msgstr "[...] See Spot. See Spot run [...]" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:250 +msgid ":attr:`fix_sentence_endings` is false by default." +msgstr ":attr:`fix_sentence_endings` 默认为假值。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:252 +msgid "" +"Since the sentence detection algorithm relies on ``string.lowercase`` for " +"the definition of \"lowercase letter\", and a convention of using two spaces" +" after a period to separate sentences on the same line, it is specific to " +"English-language texts." +msgstr "" +"由于句子检测算法依赖于 ``string.lowercase`` " +"来确定“小写字母”，以及约定在句点后使用两个空格来分隔处于同一行的句子，因此只适用于英语文本。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:260 +msgid "" +"(default: ``True``) If true, then words longer than :attr:`width` will be " +"broken in order to ensure that no lines are longer than :attr:`width`. If " +"it is false, long words will not be broken, and some lines may be longer " +"than :attr:`width`. (Long words will be put on a line by themselves, in " +"order to minimize the amount by which :attr:`width` is exceeded.)" +msgstr "" +"(默认: ``True``) 如果为真值，则长度超过 :attr:`width` 的单词将被分开以保证行的长度不会超过 :attr:`width`。 " +"如果为假值，超长单词不会被分开，因而某些行的长度可能会超过 :attr:`width`。 （超长单词将被单独作为一行，以尽量减少超出 " +":attr:`width` 的情况。）" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:269 +msgid "" +"(default: ``True``) If true, wrapping will occur preferably on whitespaces " +"and right after hyphens in compound words, as it is customary in English. If" +" false, only whitespaces will be considered as potentially good places for " +"line breaks, but you need to set :attr:`break_long_words` to false if you " +"want truly insecable words. Default behaviour in previous versions was to " +"always allow breaking hyphenated words." +msgstr "" +"(默认: ``True``) 如果为真值，将根据英语的惯例首选在空白符和复合词的连字符之后自动换行。 " +"如果为假值，则只有空白符会被视为合适的潜在断行位置，但如果你确实不希望出现分开的单词则你必须将 :attr:`break_long_words` " +"设为假值。 之前版本的默认行为总是允许分开带有连字符的单词。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:279 +msgid "" +"(default: ``None``) If not ``None``, then the output will contain at most " +"*max_lines* lines, with *placeholder* appearing at the end of the output." +msgstr "" +"(默认: ``None``) 如果不为 ``None``，则输出内容将最多包含 *max_lines* 行，并使 *placeholder* " +"出现在输出内容的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:289 +msgid "" +"(default: ``' [...]'``) String that will appear at the end of the output " +"text if it has been truncated." +msgstr "(默认: ``' [...]'``) 该文本将在输出文本被截短时出现在文本末尾。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:295 +msgid "" +":class:`TextWrapper` also provides some public methods, analogous to the " +"module-level convenience functions:" +msgstr ":class:`TextWrapper` 还提供了一些公有方法，类似于模块层级的便捷函数：" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Wraps the single paragraph in *text* (a string) so every line is at most " +":attr:`width` characters long. All wrapping options are taken from instance" +" attributes of the :class:`TextWrapper` instance. Returns a list of output " +"lines, without final newlines. If the wrapped output has no content, the " +"returned list is empty." +msgstr "" +"对 *text* (字符串) 中的单独段落自动换行以使每行长度最多为 :attr:`width` 个字符。 所有自动换行选项均获取自 " +":class:`TextWrapper` 实例的实例属性。 返回由输出行组成的列表，行尾不带换行符。 如果自动换行输出结果没有任何内容，则返回空列表。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Wraps the single paragraph in *text*, and returns a single string containing" +" the wrapped paragraph." +msgstr "对 *text* 中的单独段落自动换行并返回包含被自动换行段落的单独字符串。" + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:285 +msgid "..." +msgstr "..." + +#: ../../library/textwrap.rst:285 +msgid "placeholder" +msgstr "placeholder" diff --git a/library/threading.po b/library/threading.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58543c926 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/threading.po @@ -0,0 +1,1881 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# kevin wong , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# TX Lee , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ww song , 2022 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!threading` --- Thread-based parallelism" +msgstr ":mod:`!threading` --- 基于线程的并行" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/threading.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/threading.py`" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module constructs higher-level threading interfaces on top of the lower" +" level :mod:`_thread` module." +msgstr "这个模块在低层级的 :mod:`_thread` 模块之上构造了高层级的线程接口。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:14 +msgid "This module used to be optional, it is now always available." +msgstr "这个模块曾经为可选项，但现在总是可用。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:19 +msgid "" +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` offers a higher level " +"interface to push tasks to a background thread without blocking execution of" +" the calling thread, while still being able to retrieve their results when " +"needed." +msgstr "" +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` " +"提供了一个高层级接口用来向后台线程推送任务而不会阻塞调用方线程的执行，同时仍然能够在需要时获取任务的结果。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:23 +msgid "" +":mod:`queue` provides a thread-safe interface for exchanging data between " +"running threads." +msgstr ":mod:`queue` 提供了一个线程安全的接口用来在运行中的线程之间交换数据。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:26 +msgid "" +":mod:`asyncio` offers an alternative approach to achieving task level " +"concurrency without requiring the use of multiple operating system threads." +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio` 提供了一个替代方式用来实现任务层级的并发而不要求使用多个操作系统线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:31 +msgid "" +"In the Python 2.x series, this module contained ``camelCase`` names for some" +" methods and functions. These are deprecated as of Python 3.10, but they are" +" still supported for compatibility with Python 2.5 and lower." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.x 系列中，此模块包含有某些方法和函数 ``camelCase`` 形式的名称。 它们在 Python 3.10 " +"中已弃用，但为了与 Python 2.5 及更旧版本的兼容性而仍受到支持。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:38 +msgid "" +"In CPython, due to the :term:`Global Interpreter Lock `, only one thread can execute Python code at once (even though certain" +" performance-oriented libraries might overcome this limitation). If you want" +" your application to make better use of the computational resources of " +"multi-core machines, you are advised to use :mod:`multiprocessing` or " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`. However, threading is still" +" an appropriate model if you want to run multiple I/O-bound tasks " +"simultaneously." +msgstr "" +"在 CPython 中，由于存在 :term:`全局解释器锁 `，同一时刻只有一个线程可以执行 " +"Python 代码（虽然某些性能导向的库可能会去除此限制）。 如果你想让你的应用更好地利用多核心计算机的计算资源，推荐你使用 " +":mod:`multiprocessing` 或 :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`。 " +"但是，如果你想要同时运行多个 I/O 密集型任务，则多线程仍然是一个合适的模型。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:130 ../../library/threading.rst:229 +#: ../../library/threading.rst:468 ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:50 +msgid "This module defines the following functions:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Return the number of :class:`Thread` objects currently alive. The returned " +"count is equal to the length of the list returned by :func:`.enumerate`." +msgstr "返回当前存活的 :class:`Thread` 对象的数量。 返回值与 :func:`.enumerate` 所返回的列表长度一致。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:58 +msgid "The function ``activeCount`` is a deprecated alias for this function." +msgstr "函数 ``activeCount`` 是此函数的已弃用别名。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Return the current :class:`Thread` object, corresponding to the caller's " +"thread of control. If the caller's thread of control was not created " +"through the :mod:`threading` module, a dummy thread object with limited " +"functionality is returned." +msgstr "" +"返回当前对应调用者的控制线程的 :class:`Thread` 对象。如果调用者的控制线程不是利用 :mod:`threading` " +"创建，会返回一个功能受限的虚拟线程对象。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The function ``currentThread`` is a deprecated alias for this function." +msgstr "函数 ``currentThread`` 是此函数的已弃用别名。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:73 +msgid "Handle uncaught exception raised by :func:`Thread.run`." +msgstr "处理由 :func:`Thread.run` 引发的未捕获异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:75 +msgid "The *args* argument has the following attributes:" +msgstr "*args* 参数具有以下属性:" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:77 +msgid "*exc_type*: Exception type." +msgstr "*exc_type*: 异常类型" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:78 +msgid "*exc_value*: Exception value, can be ``None``." +msgstr "*exc_value*: 异常值，可以是 ``None``." + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:79 +msgid "*exc_traceback*: Exception traceback, can be ``None``." +msgstr "*exc_traceback*: 异常回溯，可以是 ``None``." + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:80 +msgid "*thread*: Thread which raised the exception, can be ``None``." +msgstr "*thread*: 引发异常的线程，可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:82 +msgid "" +"If *exc_type* is :exc:`SystemExit`, the exception is silently ignored. " +"Otherwise, the exception is printed out on :data:`sys.stderr`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *exc_type* 为 :exc:`SystemExit`，则异常会被静默地忽略。 在其他情况下，异常将被打印到 " +":data:`sys.stderr`。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:85 +msgid "" +"If this function raises an exception, :func:`sys.excepthook` is called to " +"handle it." +msgstr "如果此函数引发了异常，则会调用 :func:`sys.excepthook` 来处理它。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:88 +msgid "" +":func:`threading.excepthook` can be overridden to control how uncaught " +"exceptions raised by :func:`Thread.run` are handled." +msgstr "" +":func:`threading.excepthook` 可以被重载以控制由 :func:`Thread.run` 引发的未捕获异常的处理方式。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Storing *exc_value* using a custom hook can create a reference cycle. It " +"should be cleared explicitly to break the reference cycle when the exception" +" is no longer needed." +msgstr "使用定制钩子存放 *exc_value* 可能会创建引用循环。 它应当在不再需要异常时被显式地清空以打破引用循环。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Storing *thread* using a custom hook can resurrect it if it is set to an " +"object which is being finalized. Avoid storing *thread* after the custom " +"hook completes to avoid resurrecting objects." +msgstr "" +"如果一个对象正在被销毁，那么使用自定义的钩子储存 *thread* 可能会将其复活。请在自定义钩子生效后避免储存 *thread*，以避免对象的复活。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:100 +msgid ":func:`sys.excepthook` handles uncaught exceptions." +msgstr ":func:`sys.excepthook` 处理未捕获的异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Holds the original value of :func:`threading.excepthook`. It is saved so " +"that the original value can be restored in case they happen to get replaced " +"with broken or alternative objects." +msgstr "" +"保存 :func:`threading.excepthook` 的原始值。 它被保存以便在原始值碰巧被已损坏或替代对象所替换的情况下可被恢复。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Return the 'thread identifier' of the current thread. This is a nonzero " +"integer. Its value has no direct meaning; it is intended as a magic cookie " +"to be used e.g. to index a dictionary of thread-specific data. Thread " +"identifiers may be recycled when a thread exits and another thread is " +"created." +msgstr "" +"返回当前线程的 “线程标识符”。它是一个非零的整数。它的值没有直接含义，主要是用作 magic " +"cookie，比如作为含有线程相关数据的字典的索引。线程标识符可能会在线程退出，新线程创建时被复用。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Return the native integral Thread ID of the current thread assigned by the " +"kernel. This is a non-negative integer. Its value may be used to uniquely " +"identify this particular thread system-wide (until the thread terminates, " +"after which the value may be recycled by the OS)." +msgstr "" +"返回内核分配给当前线程的原生集成线程 ID。 这是一个非负整数。 它的值可被用来在整个系统中唯一地标识这个特定线程（直到线程终结，在那之后该值可能会被 " +"OS 回收再利用）。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:134 +msgid "Added support for GNU/kFreeBSD." +msgstr "增加了对 GNU/kFreeBSD 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Return a list of all :class:`Thread` objects currently active. The list " +"includes daemonic threads and dummy thread objects created by " +":func:`current_thread`. It excludes terminated threads and threads that " +"have not yet been started. However, the main thread is always part of the " +"result, even when terminated." +msgstr "" +"返回当前所有存活的 :class:`Thread` 对象的列表。 该列表包括守护线程以及 :func:`current_thread` 创建的空线程。 " +"它不包括已终结的和尚未开始的线程。 但是，主线程将总是结果的一部分，即使是在已终结的时候。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Return the main :class:`Thread` object. In normal conditions, the main " +"thread is the thread from which the Python interpreter was started." +msgstr "返回主 :class:`Thread` 对象。一般情况下，主线程是Python解释器开始时创建的线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Set a trace function for all threads started from the :mod:`threading` " +"module. The *func* will be passed to :func:`sys.settrace` for each thread, " +"before its :meth:`~Thread.run` method is called." +msgstr "" +"为所有 :mod:`threading` 模块开始的线程设置追踪函数。在每个线程的 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法被调用前，*func* " +"会被传递给 :func:`sys.settrace` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Set a trace function for all threads started from the :mod:`threading` " +"module and all Python threads that are currently executing." +msgstr "为从 :mod:`threading` 模块启动的所有线程和当前正在执行的所有 Python 线程设置追踪函数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:169 +msgid "" +"The *func* will be passed to :func:`sys.settrace` for each thread, before " +"its :meth:`~Thread.run` method is called." +msgstr "" +"*func* 将为每个线程传递给 :func:`sys.settrace`，在其 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法被调用之前。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:180 +msgid "Get the trace function as set by :func:`settrace`." +msgstr "返回由 :func:`settrace` 设置的跟踪函数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Set a profile function for all threads started from the :mod:`threading` " +"module. The *func* will be passed to :func:`sys.setprofile` for each " +"thread, before its :meth:`~Thread.run` method is called." +msgstr "" +"为所有 :mod:`threading` 模块开始的线程设置性能测试函数。在每个线程的 :meth:`~Thread.run` " +"方法被调用前，*func* 会被传递给 :func:`sys.setprofile` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Set a profile function for all threads started from the :mod:`threading` " +"module and all Python threads that are currently executing." +msgstr "为从 :mod:`threading` 模块启动的所有线程和当前正在执行的所有 Python 线程设置性能分析函数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:198 +msgid "" +"The *func* will be passed to :func:`sys.setprofile` for each thread, before" +" its :meth:`~Thread.run` method is called." +msgstr "" +"*func* 将为每个线程传递给 :func:`sys.setprofile`，在其 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法被调用之前。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:207 +msgid "Get the profiler function as set by :func:`setprofile`." +msgstr "返回由 :func:`setprofile` 设置的性能分析函数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Return the thread stack size used when creating new threads. The optional " +"*size* argument specifies the stack size to be used for subsequently created" +" threads, and must be 0 (use platform or configured default) or a positive " +"integer value of at least 32,768 (32 KiB). If *size* is not specified, 0 is " +"used. If changing the thread stack size is unsupported, a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. If the specified stack size is invalid, a " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised and the stack size is unmodified. 32 KiB is " +"currently the minimum supported stack size value to guarantee sufficient " +"stack space for the interpreter itself. Note that some platforms may have " +"particular restrictions on values for the stack size, such as requiring a " +"minimum stack size > 32 KiB or requiring allocation in multiples of the " +"system memory page size - platform documentation should be referred to for " +"more information (4 KiB pages are common; using multiples of 4096 for the " +"stack size is the suggested approach in the absence of more specific " +"information)." +msgstr "" +"返回创建线程时使用的堆栈大小。可选参数 *size* " +"指定之后新建的线程的堆栈大小，而且一定要是0（根据平台或者默认配置）或者最小是32,768(32KiB)的一个正整数。如果 *size* " +"没有指定，默认是0。如果不支持改变线程堆栈大小，会抛出 :exc:`RuntimeError` 错误。如果指定的堆栈大小不合法，会抛出 " +":exc:`ValueError` " +"错误并且不会修改堆栈大小。32KiB是当前最小的能保证解释器有足够堆栈空间的堆栈大小。需要注意的是部分平台对于堆栈大小会有特定的限制，例如要求大于32KiB的堆栈大小或者需要根据系统内存页面的整数倍进行分配" +" - 应当查阅平台文档有关详细信息（4KiB页面比较普遍，在没有更具体信息的情况下，建议的方法是使用4096的倍数作为堆栈大小）。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:231 +msgid "Unix platforms with POSIX threads support." +msgstr "带有 POSIX 线程支持的 Unix 平台。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:234 +msgid "This module also defines the following constant:" +msgstr "这个模块同时定义了以下常量：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:238 +msgid "" +"The maximum value allowed for the *timeout* parameter of blocking functions " +"(:meth:`Lock.acquire`, :meth:`RLock.acquire`, :meth:`Condition.wait`, etc.)." +" Specifying a timeout greater than this value will raise an " +":exc:`OverflowError`." +msgstr "" +"阻塞函数（ :meth:`Lock.acquire`, :meth:`RLock.acquire`, :meth:`Condition.wait`, " +"...）中形参 *timeout* 允许的最大值。传入超过这个值的 timeout 会抛出 :exc:`OverflowError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:246 +msgid "" +"This module defines a number of classes, which are detailed in the sections " +"below." +msgstr "这个模块定义了许多类，详见以下部分。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:249 +msgid "" +"The design of this module is loosely based on Java's threading model. " +"However, where Java makes locks and condition variables basic behavior of " +"every object, they are separate objects in Python. Python's :class:`Thread`" +" class supports a subset of the behavior of Java's Thread class; currently, " +"there are no priorities, no thread groups, and threads cannot be destroyed, " +"stopped, suspended, resumed, or interrupted. The static methods of Java's " +"Thread class, when implemented, are mapped to module-level functions." +msgstr "" +"该模块的设计基于 Java的线程模型。 但是，在Java里面，锁和条件变量是每个对象的基础特性，而在Python里面，这些被独立成了单独的对象。 " +"Python 的 :class:`Thread` 类只是 Java 的 Thread " +"类的一个子集；目前还没有优先级，没有线程组，线程还不能被销毁、停止、暂停、恢复或中断。 Java 的 Thread " +"类的静态方法在实现时会映射为模块级函数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:257 +msgid "All of the methods described below are executed atomically." +msgstr "下述方法的执行都是原子性的。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:261 +msgid "Thread-Local Data" +msgstr "线程本地数据" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Thread-local data is data whose values are thread specific. To manage " +"thread-local data, just create an instance of :class:`local` (or a subclass)" +" and store attributes on it::" +msgstr "线程本地数据是特定线程的数据。管理线程本地数据，只需要创建一个 :class:`local` （或者一个子类型）的实例并在实例中储存属性：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:267 +msgid "" +"mydata = threading.local()\n" +"mydata.x = 1" +msgstr "" +"mydata = threading.local()\n" +"mydata.x = 1" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:270 +msgid "The instance's values will be different for separate threads." +msgstr "在不同的线程中，实例的值会不同。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:275 +msgid "A class that represents thread-local data." +msgstr "一个代表线程本地数据的类。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:277 +msgid "" +"For more details and extensive examples, see the documentation string of the" +" :mod:`!_threading_local` module: :source:`Lib/_threading_local.py`." +msgstr "" +"更多相关细节和大量示例，请参阅 :mod:`!_threading_local` 模块的文档字符串: " +":source:`Lib/_threading_local.py`。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:284 +msgid "Thread Objects" +msgstr "线程对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:286 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Thread` class represents an activity that is run in a separate " +"thread of control. There are two ways to specify the activity: by passing a" +" callable object to the constructor, or by overriding the " +":meth:`~Thread.run` method in a subclass. No other methods (except for the " +"constructor) should be overridden in a subclass. In other words, *only* " +"override the ``__init__()`` and :meth:`~Thread.run` methods of this class." +msgstr "" +":class:`Thread` 类代表一个在独立控制线程中运行的活动。 指定活动有两种方式：向构造器传递一个可调用对象，或在子类中重载 " +":meth:`~Thread.run` 方法。 其他方法不应在子类中重载（除了构造器）。 换句话说，*只能* 重载这个类的 ``__init__()``" +" 和 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:293 +msgid "" +"Once a thread object is created, its activity must be started by calling the" +" thread's :meth:`~Thread.start` method. This invokes the " +":meth:`~Thread.run` method in a separate thread of control." +msgstr "" +"当线程对象一旦被创建，其活动必须通过调用线程的 :meth:`~Thread.start` 方法开始。 这会在独立的控制线程中唤起 " +":meth:`~Thread.run` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:297 +msgid "" +"Once the thread's activity is started, the thread is considered 'alive'. It " +"stops being alive when its :meth:`~Thread.run` method terminates -- either " +"normally, or by raising an unhandled exception. The " +":meth:`~Thread.is_alive` method tests whether the thread is alive." +msgstr "" +"一旦线程活动开始，该线程会被认为是 '存活的' 。当它的 :meth:`~Thread.run` " +"方法终结了（不管是正常的还是抛出未被处理的异常），就不是'存活的'。 :meth:`~Thread.is_alive` 方法用于检查线程是否存活。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:302 +msgid "" +"Other threads can call a thread's :meth:`~Thread.join` method. This blocks " +"the calling thread until the thread whose :meth:`~Thread.join` method is " +"called is terminated." +msgstr "" +"其他线程可以调用一个线程的 :meth:`~Thread.join` 方法。这会阻塞调用该方法的线程，直到被调用 " +":meth:`~Thread.join` 方法的线程终结。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:306 +msgid "" +"A thread has a name. The name can be passed to the constructor, and read or" +" changed through the :attr:`~Thread.name` attribute." +msgstr "线程有名字。名字可以传递给构造函数，也可以通过 :attr:`~Thread.name` 属性读取或者修改。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:309 +msgid "" +"If the :meth:`~Thread.run` method raises an exception, " +":func:`threading.excepthook` is called to handle it. By default, " +":func:`threading.excepthook` ignores silently :exc:`SystemExit`." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法引发了异常，则会调用 :func:`threading.excepthook` 来处理它。 " +"在默认情况下，:func:`threading.excepthook` 会静默地忽略 :exc:`SystemExit`。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:313 +msgid "" +"A thread can be flagged as a \"daemon thread\". The significance of this " +"flag is that the entire Python program exits when only daemon threads are " +"left. The initial value is inherited from the creating thread. The flag " +"can be set through the :attr:`~Thread.daemon` property or the *daemon* " +"constructor argument." +msgstr "" +"一个线程可以被标记成一个“守护线程”。 这个标识的意义是，当剩下的线程都是守护线程时，整个 Python 程序将会退出。 初始值继承于创建线程。 " +"这个标识可以通过 :attr:`~Thread.daemon` 特征属性或者 *daemon* 构造器参数来设置。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Daemon threads are abruptly stopped at shutdown. Their resources (such as " +"open files, database transactions, etc.) may not be released properly. If " +"you want your threads to stop gracefully, make them non-daemonic and use a " +"suitable signalling mechanism such as an :class:`Event`." +msgstr "" +"守护线程在程序关闭时会突然关闭。他们的资源（例如已经打开的文档，数据库事务等等）可能没有被正确释放。如果你想你的线程正常停止，设置他们成为非守护模式并且使用合适的信号机制，例如：" +" :class:`Event`。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:325 +msgid "" +"There is a \"main thread\" object; this corresponds to the initial thread of" +" control in the Python program. It is not a daemon thread." +msgstr "有个 \"主线程\" 对象；这对应Python程序里面初始的控制线程。它不是一个守护线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:328 +msgid "" +"There is the possibility that \"dummy thread objects\" are created. These " +"are thread objects corresponding to \"alien threads\", which are threads of " +"control started outside the threading module, such as directly from C code." +" Dummy thread objects have limited functionality; they are always " +"considered alive and daemonic, and cannot be :ref:`joined `. They are never deleted, since it is impossible to detect the " +"termination of alien threads." +msgstr "" +"创建“虚拟线程对象”是有可能的。 它们是与“外部线程”相对应 的线程对象，是在 threading 模块之外启动的控制线程，例如直接来自 C 代码。 " +"虚拟线程对象的功能是受限的；它们总是会被视为处于激活和守护状态，且无法被 :ref:`合并 `。 " +"它们绝不会被删除，因为检测外部线程的终结是不可能做到的。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:339 +msgid "" +"This constructor should always be called with keyword arguments. Arguments " +"are:" +msgstr "应当始终使用关键字参数调用此构造函数。 参数如下：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:342 +msgid "" +"*group* should be ``None``; reserved for future extension when a " +":class:`!ThreadGroup` class is implemented." +msgstr "*group* 应为 ``None``；保留给将来实现 :class:`!ThreadGroup` 类的扩展使用。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:345 +msgid "" +"*target* is the callable object to be invoked by the :meth:`run` method. " +"Defaults to ``None``, meaning nothing is called." +msgstr "*target* 是用于 :meth:`run` 方法调用的可调用对象。默认是 ``None``，表示不需要调用任何方法。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:348 +msgid "" +"*name* is the thread name. By default, a unique name is constructed of the " +"form \"Thread-*N*\" where *N* is a small decimal number, or \"Thread-*N* " +"(target)\" where \"target\" is ``target.__name__`` if the *target* argument " +"is specified." +msgstr "" +"*name* 是线程名称。 在默认情况下，会以 \"Thread-*N*\" 的形式构造唯一名称，其中 *N* 为一个较小的十进制数值，或是 " +"\"Thread-*N* (target)\" 的形式，其中 \"target\" 为 ``target.__name__``，如果指定了 " +"*target* 参数的话。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:353 +msgid "" +"*args* is a list or tuple of arguments for the target invocation. Defaults " +"to ``()``." +msgstr "*args* 是用于唤起目标函数的参数列表或元组。 默认为 ``()``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:355 +msgid "" +"*kwargs* is a dictionary of keyword arguments for the target invocation. " +"Defaults to ``{}``." +msgstr "*kwargs* 是用于调用目标函数的关键字参数字典。默认是 ``{}``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:358 +msgid "" +"If not ``None``, *daemon* explicitly sets whether the thread is daemonic. If" +" ``None`` (the default), the daemonic property is inherited from the current" +" thread." +msgstr "" +"如果不是 ``None``，*daemon* 参数将显式地设置该线程是否为守护模式。 如果是 ``None`` " +"(默认值)，线程将继承当前线程的守护模式属性。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:362 +msgid "" +"If the subclass overrides the constructor, it must make sure to invoke the " +"base class constructor (``Thread.__init__()``) before doing anything else to" +" the thread." +msgstr "如果子类型重载了构造函数，它一定要确保在做任何事前，先唤起基类构造器(``Thread.__init__()``)。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:366 +msgid "Added the *daemon* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *daemon* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:369 +msgid "Use the *target* name if *name* argument is omitted." +msgstr "使用 *target* 名称，如果 *name* 参数被省略的话。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:374 +msgid "Start the thread's activity." +msgstr "开始线程活动。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:376 +msgid "" +"It must be called at most once per thread object. It arranges for the " +"object's :meth:`~Thread.run` method to be invoked in a separate thread of " +"control." +msgstr "它在一个线程里最多只能被调用一次。 它安排对象的 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法在一个独立的控制线程中被调用。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:380 +msgid "" +"This method will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError` if called more than once on the" +" same thread object." +msgstr "如果同一个线程对象中调用这个方法的次数大于一次，会抛出 :exc:`RuntimeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:385 +msgid "Method representing the thread's activity." +msgstr "代表线程活动的方法。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:387 +msgid "" +"You may override this method in a subclass. The standard :meth:`run` method" +" invokes the callable object passed to the object's constructor as the " +"*target* argument, if any, with positional and keyword arguments taken from " +"the *args* and *kwargs* arguments, respectively." +msgstr "" +"你可以在子类型里重载这个方法。 标准的 :meth:`run` 方法会对作为 *target* " +"参数传递给该对象构造器的可调用对象（如果存在）被唤起，并附带从 *args* 和 *kwargs* 参数分别获取的位置和关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Using list or tuple as the *args* argument which passed to the " +":class:`Thread` could achieve the same effect." +msgstr "使用列表或元组作为传给 :class:`Thread` 的 *args* 参数可以达成同样的效果。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:395 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:397 +msgid "" +">>> from threading import Thread\n" +">>> t = Thread(target=print, args=[1])\n" +">>> t.run()\n" +"1\n" +">>> t = Thread(target=print, args=(1,))\n" +">>> t.run()\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> from threading import Thread\n" +">>> t = Thread(target=print, args=[1])\n" +">>> t.run()\n" +"1\n" +">>> t = Thread(target=print, args=(1,))\n" +">>> t.run()\n" +"1" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Wait until the thread terminates. This blocks the calling thread until the " +"thread whose :meth:`~Thread.join` method is called terminates -- either " +"normally or through an unhandled exception -- or until the optional timeout " +"occurs." +msgstr "" +"等待，直到线程终结。这会阻塞调用这个方法的线程，直到被调用 :meth:`~Thread.join` 的线程终结 -- 不管是正常终结还是抛出未处理异常" +" -- 或者直到发生超时，超时选项是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:414 +msgid "" +"When the *timeout* argument is present and not ``None``, it should be a " +"floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds (or " +"fractions thereof). As :meth:`~Thread.join` always returns ``None``, you " +"must call :meth:`~Thread.is_alive` after :meth:`~Thread.join` to decide " +"whether a timeout happened -- if the thread is still alive, the " +":meth:`~Thread.join` call timed out." +msgstr "" +"当 *timeout* 参数存在而且不是 ``None`` 时，它应该是一个用于指定操作超时的以秒为单位的浮点数（或者分数）。因为 " +":meth:`~Thread.join` 总是返回 ``None`` ，所以你一定要在 :meth:`~Thread.join` 后调用 " +":meth:`~Thread.is_alive` 才能判断是否发生超时 -- 如果线程仍然存活，则 :meth:`~Thread.join` 超时。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:421 +msgid "" +"When the *timeout* argument is not present or ``None``, the operation will " +"block until the thread terminates." +msgstr "当 *timeout* 参数不存在或者是 ``None`` ，这个操作会阻塞直到线程终结。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:424 +msgid "A thread can be joined many times." +msgstr "一个线程可以被合并多次。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:426 +msgid "" +":meth:`~Thread.join` raises a :exc:`RuntimeError` if an attempt is made to " +"join the current thread as that would cause a deadlock. It is also an error " +"to :meth:`~Thread.join` a thread before it has been started and attempts to " +"do so raise the same exception." +msgstr "" +"如果尝试加入当前线程会导致死锁， :meth:`~Thread.join` 会引起 :exc:`RuntimeError` 异常。如果尝试 " +":meth:`~Thread.join` 一个尚未开始的线程，也会抛出相同的异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:433 +msgid "" +"A string used for identification purposes only. It has no semantics. " +"Multiple threads may be given the same name. The initial name is set by the" +" constructor." +msgstr "只用于识别的字符串。它没有语义。多个线程可以赋予相同的名称。 初始名称由构造函数设置。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:440 +msgid "" +"Deprecated getter/setter API for :attr:`~Thread.name`; use it directly as a " +"property instead." +msgstr "已被弃用的 :attr:`~Thread.name` 的取值/设值 API；请改为直接以特征属性方式使用它。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:447 +msgid "" +"The 'thread identifier' of this thread or ``None`` if the thread has not " +"been started. This is a nonzero integer. See the :func:`get_ident` " +"function. Thread identifiers may be recycled when a thread exits and " +"another thread is created. The identifier is available even after the " +"thread has exited." +msgstr "" +"这个线程的 '线程标识符'，如果线程尚未开始则为 ``None`` 。这是个非零整数。参见 " +":func:`get_ident` 函数。当一个线程退出而另外一个线程被创建，线程标识符会被复用。即使线程退出后，仍可得到标识符。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:455 +msgid "" +"The Thread ID (``TID``) of this thread, as assigned by the OS (kernel). This" +" is a non-negative integer, or ``None`` if the thread has not been started. " +"See the :func:`get_native_id` function. This value may be used to uniquely " +"identify this particular thread system-wide (until the thread terminates, " +"after which the value may be recycled by the OS)." +msgstr "" +"此线程的线程 ID (``TID``)，由 OS (内核) 分配。 这是一个非负整数，或者如果线程还未启动则为 ``None``。 请参阅 " +":func:`get_native_id` 函数。 这个值可被用来在全系统范围内唯一地标识这个特定线程 (直到线程终结，在那之后该值可能会被 OS " +"回收再利用)。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Similar to Process IDs, Thread IDs are only valid (guaranteed unique system-" +"wide) from the time the thread is created until the thread has been " +"terminated." +msgstr "类似于进程 ID，线程 ID 的有效期（全系统范围内保证唯一）将从线程被创建开始直到线程被终结。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:474 +msgid "Return whether the thread is alive." +msgstr "返回线程是否存活。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:476 +msgid "" +"This method returns ``True`` just before the :meth:`~Thread.run` method " +"starts until just after the :meth:`~Thread.run` method terminates. The " +"module function :func:`.enumerate` returns a list of all alive threads." +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法刚开始直到 :meth:`~Thread.run` 方法刚结束，这个方法返回 ``True`` " +"。模块函数 :func:`.enumerate` 返回包含所有存活线程的列表。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:482 +msgid "" +"A boolean value indicating whether this thread is a daemon thread (``True``)" +" or not (``False``). This must be set before :meth:`~Thread.start` is " +"called, otherwise :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. Its initial value is " +"inherited from the creating thread; the main thread is not a daemon thread " +"and therefore all threads created in the main thread default to " +":attr:`~Thread.daemon` = ``False``." +msgstr "" +"一个布尔值，表示这个线程是否是一个守护线程（``True``）或不是（``False``）。 这个值必须在调用 " +":meth:`~Thread.start` 之前设置，否则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"。它的初始值继承自创建线程；主线程不是一个守护线程，因此所有在主线程中创建的线程默认为 :attr:`~Thread.daemon` = " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:489 +msgid "" +"The entire Python program exits when no alive non-daemon threads are left." +msgstr "当没有存活的非守护线程时，整个Python程序才会退出。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Deprecated getter/setter API for :attr:`~Thread.daemon`; use it directly as " +"a property instead." +msgstr "已被弃用的 :attr:`~Thread.daemon` 的取值/设值 API；请改为直接以特征属性方式使用它。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:503 +msgid "Lock Objects" +msgstr "锁对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:505 +msgid "" +"A primitive lock is a synchronization primitive that is not owned by a " +"particular thread when locked. In Python, it is currently the lowest level " +"synchronization primitive available, implemented directly by the " +":mod:`_thread` extension module." +msgstr "" +"原始锁是一个在锁定时不属于特定线程的同步基元组件。在Python中，它是能用的最低级的同步基元组件，由 :mod:`_thread` " +"扩展模块直接实现。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:510 +msgid "" +"A primitive lock is in one of two states, \"locked\" or \"unlocked\". It is " +"created in the unlocked state. It has two basic methods, " +":meth:`~Lock.acquire` and :meth:`~Lock.release`. When the state is " +"unlocked, :meth:`~Lock.acquire` changes the state to locked and returns " +"immediately. When the state is locked, :meth:`~Lock.acquire` blocks until a" +" call to :meth:`~Lock.release` in another thread changes it to unlocked, " +"then the :meth:`~Lock.acquire` call resets it to locked and returns. The " +":meth:`~Lock.release` method should only be called in the locked state; it " +"changes the state to unlocked and returns immediately. If an attempt is made" +" to release an unlocked lock, a :exc:`RuntimeError` will be raised." +msgstr "" +"原始锁处于 \"锁定\" 或者 \"非锁定\" 两种状态之一。它被创建时为非锁定状态。它有两个基本方法， :meth:`~Lock.acquire` 和" +" :meth:`~Lock.release` 。当状态为非锁定时， :meth:`~Lock.acquire` 将状态改为 锁定 " +"并立即返回。当状态是锁定时， :meth:`~Lock.acquire` 将阻塞至其他线程调用 :meth:`~Lock.release` " +"将其改为非锁定状态，然后 :meth:`~Lock.acquire` 调用重置其为锁定状态并返回。 :meth:`~Lock.release` " +"只在锁定状态下调用； 它将状态改为非锁定并立即返回。如果尝试释放一个非锁定的锁，则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`  异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:521 +msgid "" +"Locks also support the :ref:`context management protocol `." +msgstr "锁同样支持 :ref:`上下文管理协议 `。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:523 +msgid "" +"When more than one thread is blocked in :meth:`~Lock.acquire` waiting for " +"the state to turn to unlocked, only one thread proceeds when a " +":meth:`~Lock.release` call resets the state to unlocked; which one of the " +"waiting threads proceeds is not defined, and may vary across " +"implementations." +msgstr "" +"当多个线程在 :meth:`~Lock.acquire` 等待状态转变为未锁定被阻塞，然后 :meth:`~Lock.release` " +"重置状态为未锁定时，只有一个线程能继续执行；至于哪个等待线程继续执行没有定义，并且会根据实现而不同。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:528 +msgid "All methods are executed atomically." +msgstr "所有方法的执行都是原子性的。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:533 +msgid "" +"The class implementing primitive lock objects. Once a thread has acquired a" +" lock, subsequent attempts to acquire it block, until it is released; any " +"thread may release it." +msgstr "实现原始锁对象的类。一旦一个线程获得一个锁，会阻塞随后尝试获得锁的线程，直到它被释放；任何线程都可以释放它。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:537 +msgid "" +"``Lock`` is now a class. In earlier Pythons, ``Lock`` was a factory function" +" which returned an instance of the underlying private lock type." +msgstr "现在 ``Lock`` 是一个类。 在更早的 Python 版本中，``Lock`` 是一个返回下层私有锁类型的实例的工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:545 ../../library/threading.rst:636 +msgid "Acquire a lock, blocking or non-blocking." +msgstr "可以阻塞或非阻塞地获得锁。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:547 +msgid "" +"When invoked with the *blocking* argument set to ``True`` (the default), " +"block until the lock is unlocked, then set it to locked and return ``True``." +msgstr "当调用时参数 *blocking* 设置为 ``True`` （缺省值），阻塞直到锁被释放，然后将锁锁定并返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:550 +msgid "" +"When invoked with the *blocking* argument set to ``False``, do not block. If" +" a call with *blocking* set to ``True`` would block, return ``False`` " +"immediately; otherwise, set the lock to locked and return ``True``." +msgstr "" +"在参数 *blocking* 被设置为 ``False`` 的情况下调用，将不会发生阻塞。如果调用时 *blocking* 设为 ``True`` " +"会阻塞，并立即返回 ``False`` ；否则，将锁锁定并返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:554 +msgid "" +"When invoked with the floating-point *timeout* argument set to a positive " +"value, block for at most the number of seconds specified by *timeout* and as" +" long as the lock cannot be acquired. A *timeout* argument of ``-1`` " +"specifies an unbounded wait. It is forbidden to specify a *timeout* when " +"*blocking* is ``False``." +msgstr "" +"当参数 *timeout* 使用设置为正值的浮点数调用时，最多阻塞 *timeout* 指定的秒数，在此期间锁不能被获取。设置 *timeout* " +"参数为 ``-1`` specifies an unbounded wait. It is forbidden to specify a " +"*timeout* when *blocking* is ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:560 +msgid "" +"The return value is ``True`` if the lock is acquired successfully, ``False``" +" if not (for example if the *timeout* expired)." +msgstr "如果成功获得锁，则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False`` (例如发生 *超时* 的时候)。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:563 ../../library/threading.rst:674 +#: ../../library/threading.rst:921 +msgid "The *timeout* parameter is new." +msgstr "新的 *timeout* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:566 +msgid "" +"Lock acquisition can now be interrupted by signals on POSIX if the " +"underlying threading implementation supports it." +msgstr "现在如果底层线程实现支持，则可以通过POSIX上的信号中断锁的获取。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:573 +msgid "" +"Release a lock. This can be called from any thread, not only the thread " +"which has acquired the lock." +msgstr "释放一个锁。这个方法可以在任何线程中调用，不单指获得锁的线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:576 +msgid "" +"When the lock is locked, reset it to unlocked, and return. If any other " +"threads are blocked waiting for the lock to become unlocked, allow exactly " +"one of them to proceed." +msgstr "当锁被锁定，将它重置为未锁定，并返回。如果其他线程正在等待这个锁解锁而被阻塞，只允许其中一个允许。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:580 +msgid "When invoked on an unlocked lock, a :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised." +msgstr "当在未锁定的锁上唤起时，会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:582 ../../library/threading.rst:690 +msgid "There is no return value." +msgstr "没有返回值。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:586 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the lock is acquired." +msgstr "当锁被获取时，返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:593 +msgid "RLock Objects" +msgstr "递归锁对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:595 +msgid "" +"A reentrant lock is a synchronization primitive that may be acquired " +"multiple times by the same thread. Internally, it uses the concepts of " +"\"owning thread\" and \"recursion level\" in addition to the locked/unlocked" +" state used by primitive locks. In the locked state, some thread owns the " +"lock; in the unlocked state, no thread owns it." +msgstr "" +"重入锁是一个可以被同一个线程多次获取的同步基元组件。在内部，它在基元锁的锁定/非锁定状态上附加了 \"所属线程\" 和 \"递归等级\" " +"的概念。在锁定状态下，某些线程拥有锁 ； 在非锁定状态下， 没有线程拥有它。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:601 +msgid "" +"Threads call a lock's :meth:`~RLock.acquire` method to lock it, and its " +":meth:`~Lock.release` method to unlock it." +msgstr "线程调用锁的 :meth:`~RLock.acquire` 方法来锁定它，并调用 :meth:`~Lock.release` 方法来解锁。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:606 +msgid "" +"Reentrant locks support the :ref:`context management protocol `," +" so it is recommended to use :keyword:`with` instead of manually calling " +":meth:`~RLock.acquire` and :meth:`~RLock.release` to handle acquiring and " +"releasing the lock for a block of code." +msgstr "" +"重入型锁支持 :ref:`上下文管理协议 `，因此推荐使用 :keyword:`with` 而不是手动调用 " +":meth:`~RLock.acquire` 和 :meth:`~RLock.release` 来针对一个代码块处理锁的获取和释放。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:611 +msgid "" +"RLock's :meth:`~RLock.acquire`/:meth:`~RLock.release` call pairs may be " +"nested, unlike Lock's :meth:`~Lock.acquire`/:meth:`~Lock.release`. Only the " +"final :meth:`~RLock.release` (the :meth:`~Lock.release` of the outermost " +"pair) resets the lock to an unlocked state and allows another thread blocked" +" in :meth:`~RLock.acquire` to proceed." +msgstr "" +"RLock 的 :meth:`~RLock.acquire`/:meth:`~RLock.release` 调用对可以嵌套，这不同于 Lock 的 " +":meth:`~Lock.acquire`/:meth:`~Lock.release`。 只有最终的 :meth:`~RLock.release` " +"(最外面一对的 :meth:`~Lock.release`) 会将锁重置为已解锁状态并允许在 :meth:`~RLock.acquire` " +"中被阻塞的其他线程继续执行。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:617 +msgid "" +":meth:`~RLock.acquire`/:meth:`~RLock.release` must be used in pairs: each " +"acquire must have a release in the thread that has acquired the lock. " +"Failing to call release as many times the lock has been acquired can lead to" +" deadlock." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~RLock.acquire`/:meth:`~RLock.release` 必须成对使用：每个 acquire " +"必须在获取锁的线程中有对应的 release。 如果锁调用 release 的次数未能与 acquire 的次数一致则会导致死锁。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:624 +msgid "" +"This class implements reentrant lock objects. A reentrant lock must be " +"released by the thread that acquired it. Once a thread has acquired a " +"reentrant lock, the same thread may acquire it again without blocking; the " +"thread must release it once for each time it has acquired it." +msgstr "此类实现了重入锁对象。重入锁必须由获取它的线程释放。一旦线程获得了重入锁，同一个线程再次获取它将不阻塞；线程必须在每次获取它时释放一次。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:629 +msgid "" +"Note that ``RLock`` is actually a factory function which returns an instance" +" of the most efficient version of the concrete RLock class that is supported" +" by the platform." +msgstr "需要注意的是 ``RLock`` 其实是一个工厂函数，返回平台支持的具体递归锁类中最有效的版本的实例。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:640 +msgid ":ref:`Using RLock as a context manager `" +msgstr ":ref:`将 RLock 用作上下文管理器 `" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:641 +msgid "" +"Recommended over manual :meth:`!acquire` and :meth:`release` calls whenever " +"practical." +msgstr "在大多数场合下相比手动的 :meth:`!acquire` 和 :meth:`release` 调用更为推荐。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:645 +msgid "" +"When invoked with the *blocking* argument set to ``True`` (the default):" +msgstr "当被唤起时将 *blocking* 参数设为 ``True`` (默认值):" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:647 ../../library/threading.rst:659 +msgid "If no thread owns the lock, acquire the lock and return immediately." +msgstr "如无任何线程持有锁，则获取锁并立即返回。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:649 +msgid "" +"If another thread owns the lock, block until we are able to acquire lock, or" +" *timeout*, if set to a positive float value." +msgstr "如有其他线程持有锁，则阻塞执行直至能够获取锁，或直至 *timeout*，如果将其设为一个正浮点数值的话。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:652 +msgid "" +"If the same thread owns the lock, acquire the lock again, and return " +"immediately. This is the difference between :class:`Lock` and " +":class:`!RLock`; :class:`Lock` handles this case the same as the previous, " +"blocking until the lock can be acquired." +msgstr "" +"如同一线程持有锁，则再次获取该锁，并立即返回。 这是 :class:`Lock` 和 :class:`!RLock` " +"之间的区别；:class:`Lock` 将以与之前相同的方式处理此情况，即阻塞执行直至能够获取锁。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:657 +msgid "When invoked with the *blocking* argument set to ``False``:" +msgstr "当被唤起时将 *blocking* 参数设为 ``False``:" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:661 +msgid "If another thread owns the lock, return immediately." +msgstr "如有其他线程持有锁，则立即返回。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:663 +msgid "" +"If the same thread owns the lock, acquire the lock again and return " +"immediately." +msgstr "如同一线程持有锁，则再次获取该锁并立即返回。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:666 +msgid "" +"In all cases, if the thread was able to acquire the lock, return ``True``. " +"If the thread was unable to acquire the lock (i.e. if not blocking or the " +"timeout was reached) return ``False``." +msgstr "在所有情况下，如果线程能够获取锁，则返回 ``True``。 如果线程不能获取锁（即未阻塞执行或达到超时限制）则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:670 +msgid "" +"If called multiple times, failing to call :meth:`~RLock.release` as many " +"times may lead to deadlock. Consider using :class:`!RLock` as a context " +"manager rather than calling acquire/release directly." +msgstr "" +"如果被多次调用，则未能调用相同次数的 :meth:`~RLock.release` 可能导致死锁。 请考虑将 :class:`!RLock` " +"用作上下文管理器而不是直接调用 acquire/release。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:680 +msgid "" +"Release a lock, decrementing the recursion level. If after the decrement it" +" is zero, reset the lock to unlocked (not owned by any thread), and if any " +"other threads are blocked waiting for the lock to become unlocked, allow " +"exactly one of them to proceed. If after the decrement the recursion level " +"is still nonzero, the lock remains locked and owned by the calling thread." +msgstr "" +"释放锁，自减递归等级。如果减到零，则将锁重置为非锁定状态(不被任何线程拥有)，并且，如果其他线程正被阻塞着等待锁被解锁，则仅允许其中一个线程继续。如果自减后，递归等级仍然不是零，则锁保持锁定，仍由调用线程拥有。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:686 +msgid "" +"Only call this method when the calling thread owns the lock. A " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised if this method is called when the lock is not " +"acquired." +msgstr "只有在调用方线程持有锁时才能调用此方法。 如果在未获取锁的情况下调用此方法则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:696 +msgid "Condition Objects" +msgstr "条件对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:698 +msgid "" +"A condition variable is always associated with some kind of lock; this can " +"be passed in or one will be created by default. Passing one in is useful " +"when several condition variables must share the same lock. The lock is part" +" of the condition object: you don't have to track it separately." +msgstr "" +"条件变量总是与某种类型的锁对象相关联，锁对象可以通过传入获得，或者在缺省的情况下自动创建。当多个条件变量需要共享同一个锁时，传入一个锁很有用。锁是条件对象的一部分，你不必单独地跟踪它。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:703 +msgid "" +"A condition variable obeys the :ref:`context management protocol `: using the ``with`` statement acquires the associated lock for the " +"duration of the enclosed block. The :meth:`~Condition.acquire` and " +":meth:`~Condition.release` methods also call the corresponding methods of " +"the associated lock." +msgstr "" +"条件变量遵循 :ref:`上下文管理协议 ` ：使用 ``with`` 语句会在它包围的代码块内获取关联的锁。 " +":meth:`~Condition.acquire` 和 :meth:`~Condition.release` 方法也能调用关联锁的相关方法。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:709 +msgid "" +"Other methods must be called with the associated lock held. The " +":meth:`~Condition.wait` method releases the lock, and then blocks until " +"another thread awakens it by calling :meth:`~Condition.notify` or " +":meth:`~Condition.notify_all`. Once awakened, :meth:`~Condition.wait` re-" +"acquires the lock and returns. It is also possible to specify a timeout." +msgstr "" +"其它方法必须在持有关联的锁的情况下调用。 :meth:`~Condition.wait` 方法释放锁，然后阻塞直到其它线程调用 " +":meth:`~Condition.notify` 方法或 :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` 方法唤醒它。一旦被唤醒， " +":meth:`~Condition.wait` 方法重新获取锁并返回。它也可以指定超时时间。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:715 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~Condition.notify` method wakes up one of the threads waiting for" +" the condition variable, if any are waiting. The " +":meth:`~Condition.notify_all` method wakes up all threads waiting for the " +"condition variable." +msgstr "" +" :meth:`~Condition.notify` 方法唤醒正在等待此条件变量的线程之中的一个。 " +":meth:`~Condition.notify_all` 方法唤醒正在等待此条件变量的所有线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Note: the :meth:`~Condition.notify` and :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` " +"methods don't release the lock; this means that the thread or threads " +"awakened will not return from their :meth:`~Condition.wait` call " +"immediately, but only when the thread that called :meth:`~Condition.notify` " +"or :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` finally relinquishes ownership of the lock." +msgstr "" +"注意： :meth:`~Condition.notify` 方法和 :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` " +"方法并不会释放锁，这意味着被唤醒的线程不会立即从它们的 :meth:`~Condition.wait` 方法调用中返回，而是会在调用了 " +":meth:`~Condition.notify` 方法或 :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` " +"方法的线程最终放弃了锁的所有权后返回。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The typical programming style using condition variables uses the lock to " +"synchronize access to some shared state; threads that are interested in a " +"particular change of state call :meth:`~Condition.wait` repeatedly until " +"they see the desired state, while threads that modify the state call " +":meth:`~Condition.notify` or :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` when they change " +"the state in such a way that it could possibly be a desired state for one of" +" the waiters. For example, the following code is a generic producer-" +"consumer situation with unlimited buffer capacity::" +msgstr "" +"使用条件变量的典型编程风格是将锁用于同步某些共享状态的权限，那些对状态的某些特定改变感兴趣的线程，它们重复调用 " +":meth:`~Condition.wait` " +"方法，直到看到所期望的改变发生；而对于修改状态的线程，它们将当前状态改变为可能是等待者所期待的新状态后，调用 " +":meth:`~Condition.notify` 方法或者 :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` " +"方法。例如，下面的代码是一个通用的无限缓冲区容量的生产者-消费者情形：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:734 +msgid "" +"# Consume one item\n" +"with cv:\n" +" while not an_item_is_available():\n" +" cv.wait()\n" +" get_an_available_item()\n" +"\n" +"# Produce one item\n" +"with cv:\n" +" make_an_item_available()\n" +" cv.notify()" +msgstr "" +"# 消费一个条目\n" +"with cv:\n" +" while not an_item_is_available():\n" +" cv.wait()\n" +" get_an_available_item()\n" +"\n" +"# 生产一个条目\n" +"with cv:\n" +" make_an_item_available()\n" +" cv.notify()" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:745 +msgid "" +"The ``while`` loop checking for the application's condition is necessary " +"because :meth:`~Condition.wait` can return after an arbitrary long time, and" +" the condition which prompted the :meth:`~Condition.notify` call may no " +"longer hold true. This is inherent to multi-threaded programming. The " +":meth:`~Condition.wait_for` method can be used to automate the condition " +"checking, and eases the computation of timeouts::" +msgstr "" +"使用 ``while`` 循环检查所要求的条件成立与否是有必要的，因为 :meth:`~Condition.wait` " +"方法可能要经过不确定长度的时间后才会返回，而此时导致 :meth:`~Condition.notify` " +"方法调用的那个条件可能已经不再成立。这是多线程编程所固有的问题。 " +":meth:`~Condition.wait_for` 方法可自动化条件检查，并简化超时计算。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:752 +msgid "" +"# Consume an item\n" +"with cv:\n" +" cv.wait_for(an_item_is_available)\n" +" get_an_available_item()" +msgstr "" +"# 消费一个条目\n" +"with cv:\n" +" cv.wait_for(an_item_is_available)\n" +" get_an_available_item()" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:757 +msgid "" +"To choose between :meth:`~Condition.notify` and " +":meth:`~Condition.notify_all`, consider whether one state change can be " +"interesting for only one or several waiting threads. E.g. in a typical " +"producer-consumer situation, adding one item to the buffer only needs to " +"wake up one consumer thread." +msgstr "" +"选择 :meth:`~Condition.notify` 还是 :meth:`~Condition.notify_all` " +"，取决于一次状态改变是只能被一个还是能被多个等待线程所用。例如在一个典型的生产者-消费者情形中，添加一个项目到缓冲区只需唤醒一个消费者线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:765 +msgid "" +"This class implements condition variable objects. A condition variable " +"allows one or more threads to wait until they are notified by another " +"thread." +msgstr "实现条件变量对象的类。一个条件变量对象允许一个或多个线程在被其它线程所通知之前进行等待。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:768 +msgid "" +"If the *lock* argument is given and not ``None``, it must be a :class:`Lock`" +" or :class:`RLock` object, and it is used as the underlying lock. " +"Otherwise, a new :class:`RLock` object is created and used as the underlying" +" lock." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了非 ``None`` 的 *lock* 参数，则它必须为 :class:`Lock` 或者 :class:`RLock` " +"对象，并且它将被用作底层锁。否则，将会创建新的 :class:`RLock` 对象，并将其用作底层锁。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:772 ../../library/threading.rst:896 +#: ../../library/threading.rst:942 ../../library/threading.rst:994 +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1062 +msgid "changed from a factory function to a class." +msgstr "从工厂函数变为类。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:777 +msgid "" +"Acquire the underlying lock. This method calls the corresponding method on " +"the underlying lock; the return value is whatever that method returns." +msgstr "请求底层锁。此方法调用底层锁的相应方法，返回值是底层锁相应方法的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:782 +msgid "" +"Release the underlying lock. This method calls the corresponding method on " +"the underlying lock; there is no return value." +msgstr "释放底层锁。此方法调用底层锁的相应方法。没有返回值。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:787 +msgid "" +"Wait until notified or until a timeout occurs. If the calling thread has not" +" acquired the lock when this method is called, a :exc:`RuntimeError` is " +"raised." +msgstr "等待直到被通知或发生超时。如果线程在调用此方法时没有获得锁，将会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:791 +msgid "" +"This method releases the underlying lock, and then blocks until it is " +"awakened by a :meth:`notify` or :meth:`notify_all` call for the same " +"condition variable in another thread, or until the optional timeout occurs." +" Once awakened or timed out, it re-acquires the lock and returns." +msgstr "" +"这个方法释放底层锁，然后阻塞，直到在另外一个线程中调用同一个条件变量的 :meth:`notify` 或 :meth:`notify_all` " +"唤醒它，或者直到可选的超时发生。一旦被唤醒或者超时，它重新获得锁并返回。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:796 +msgid "" +"When the *timeout* argument is present and not ``None``, it should be a " +"floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds (or " +"fractions thereof)." +msgstr "当提供了 *timeout* 参数且不是 ``None`` 时，它应该是一个浮点数，代表操作的超时时间，以秒为单位（可以为小数）。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:800 +msgid "" +"When the underlying lock is an :class:`RLock`, it is not released using its " +":meth:`release` method, since this may not actually unlock the lock when it " +"was acquired multiple times recursively. Instead, an internal interface of " +"the :class:`RLock` class is used, which really unlocks it even when it has " +"been recursively acquired several times. Another internal interface is then " +"used to restore the recursion level when the lock is reacquired." +msgstr "" +"当底层锁是个 :class:`RLock` ，不会使用它的 :meth:`release` " +"方法释放锁，因为当它被递归多次获取时，实际上可能无法解锁。相反，使用了 :class:`RLock` 类的内部接口，即使多次递归获取它也能解锁它。 " +"然后，在重新获取锁时，使用另一个内部接口来恢复递归级别。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:808 +msgid "" +"The return value is ``True`` unless a given *timeout* expired, in which case" +" it is ``False``." +msgstr "返回 ``True`` ，除非提供的 *timeout* 过期，这种情况下返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:811 ../../library/threading.rst:1027 +msgid "Previously, the method always returned ``None``." +msgstr "在此之前，方法总是返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:816 +msgid "" +"Wait until a condition evaluates to true. *predicate* should be a callable " +"which result will be interpreted as a boolean value. A *timeout* may be " +"provided giving the maximum time to wait." +msgstr "" +"等待，直到条件计算为真。 *predicate* 应该是一个可调用对象而且它的返回值可被解释为一个布尔值。可以提供 *timeout* " +"参数给出最大等待时间。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:820 +msgid "" +"This utility method may call :meth:`wait` repeatedly until the predicate is " +"satisfied, or until a timeout occurs. The return value is the last return " +"value of the predicate and will evaluate to ``False`` if the method timed " +"out." +msgstr "" +"这个实用方法会重复地调用 :meth:`wait` 直到满足判断式或者发生超时。返回值是判断式最后一个返回值，而且如果方法发生超时会返回 " +"``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:825 +msgid "" +"Ignoring the timeout feature, calling this method is roughly equivalent to " +"writing::" +msgstr "忽略超时功能，调用此方法大致相当于编写::" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:828 +msgid "" +"while not predicate():\n" +" cv.wait()" +msgstr "" +"while not predicate():\n" +" cv.wait()" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:831 +msgid "" +"Therefore, the same rules apply as with :meth:`wait`: The lock must be held " +"when called and is re-acquired on return. The predicate is evaluated with " +"the lock held." +msgstr "因此，规则同样适用于 :meth:`wait` ：锁必须在被调用时保持获取，并在返回时重新获取。 随着锁定执行判断式。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:839 +msgid "" +"By default, wake up one thread waiting on this condition, if any. If the " +"calling thread has not acquired the lock when this method is called, a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised." +msgstr "默认唤醒一个等待这个条件的线程。如果调用线程在没有获得锁的情况下调用这个方法，会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:843 +msgid "" +"This method wakes up at most *n* of the threads waiting for the condition " +"variable; it is a no-op if no threads are waiting." +msgstr "这个方法唤醒最多 *n* 个正在等待这个条件变量的线程；如果没有线程在等待，这是一个空操作。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:846 +msgid "" +"The current implementation wakes up exactly *n* threads, if at least *n* " +"threads are waiting. However, it's not safe to rely on this behavior. A " +"future, optimized implementation may occasionally wake up more than *n* " +"threads." +msgstr "" +"当前实现中，如果至少有 *n* 个线程正在等待，准确唤醒 *n* 个线程。但是依赖这个行为并不安全。未来，优化的实现有时会唤醒超过 *n* 个线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:851 +msgid "" +"Note: an awakened thread does not actually return from its :meth:`wait` call" +" until it can reacquire the lock. Since :meth:`notify` does not release the" +" lock, its caller should." +msgstr "" +"注意：被唤醒的线程并没有真正恢复到它调用的 :meth:`wait` ，直到它可以重新获得锁。 因为 :meth:`notify` " +"不释放锁，其调用者才应该这样做。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:857 +msgid "" +"Wake up all threads waiting on this condition. This method acts like " +":meth:`notify`, but wakes up all waiting threads instead of one. If the " +"calling thread has not acquired the lock when this method is called, a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"唤醒所有正在等待这个条件的线程。这个方法行为与 :meth:`notify` " +"相似，但并不只唤醒单一线程，而是唤醒所有等待线程。如果调用线程在调用这个方法时没有获得锁，会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:862 +msgid "The method ``notifyAll`` is a deprecated alias for this method." +msgstr "``notifyAll`` 方法是此方法的已弃用别名。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:868 +msgid "Semaphore Objects" +msgstr "信号量对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:870 +msgid "" +"This is one of the oldest synchronization primitives in the history of " +"computer science, invented by the early Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. " +"Dijkstra (he used the names ``P()`` and ``V()`` instead of " +":meth:`~Semaphore.acquire` and :meth:`~Semaphore.release`)." +msgstr "" +"这是计算机科学史上最古老的同步原语之一，早期的荷兰科学家 Edsger W. Dijkstra 发明了它。（他使用名称 ``P()`` 和 " +"``V()`` 而不是 :meth:`~Semaphore.acquire` 和 :meth:`~Semaphore.release` ）。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:875 +msgid "" +"A semaphore manages an internal counter which is decremented by each " +":meth:`~Semaphore.acquire` call and incremented by each " +":meth:`~Semaphore.release` call. The counter can never go below zero; when " +":meth:`~Semaphore.acquire` finds that it is zero, it blocks, waiting until " +"some other thread calls :meth:`~Semaphore.release`." +msgstr "" +"一个信号量管理一个内部计数器，该计数器因 :meth:`~Semaphore.acquire` 方法的调用而递减，因 " +":meth:`~Semaphore.release` 方法的调用而递增。 计数器的值永远不会小于零；当 " +":meth:`~Semaphore.acquire` 方法发现计数器为零时，将会阻塞，直到其它线程调用 " +":meth:`~Semaphore.release` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:881 +msgid "" +"Semaphores also support the :ref:`context management protocol `." +msgstr "信号量对象也支持 :ref:`上下文管理协议 ` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:886 +msgid "" +"This class implements semaphore objects. A semaphore manages an atomic " +"counter representing the number of :meth:`release` calls minus the number of" +" :meth:`acquire` calls, plus an initial value. The :meth:`acquire` method " +"blocks if necessary until it can return without making the counter negative." +" If not given, *value* defaults to 1." +msgstr "" +"该类实现信号量对象。信号量对象管理一个原子性的计数器，代表 :meth:`release` 方法的调用次数减去 :meth:`acquire` " +"的调用次数再加上一个初始值。如果需要， :meth:`acquire` 方法将会阻塞直到可以返回而不会使得计数器变成负数。在没有显式给出 *value*" +" 的值时，默认为1。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:892 +msgid "" +"The optional argument gives the initial *value* for the internal counter; it" +" defaults to ``1``. If the *value* given is less than 0, :exc:`ValueError` " +"is raised." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *value* 赋予内部计数器初始值，默认值为 ``1`` 。如果 *value* 被赋予小于0的值，将会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:901 +msgid "Acquire a semaphore." +msgstr "获取一个信号量。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:903 +msgid "When invoked without arguments:" +msgstr "在不带参数的情况下调用时：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:905 +msgid "" +"If the internal counter is larger than zero on entry, decrement it by one " +"and return ``True`` immediately." +msgstr "如果在进入时内部计数器的值大于零，则将其减一并立即返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:907 +msgid "" +"If the internal counter is zero on entry, block until awoken by a call to " +":meth:`~Semaphore.release`. Once awoken (and the counter is greater than " +"0), decrement the counter by 1 and return ``True``. Exactly one thread will" +" be awoken by each call to :meth:`~Semaphore.release`. The order in which " +"threads are awoken should not be relied on." +msgstr "" +"如果在进入时内部计数器的值为零，则将会阻塞直到被对 :meth:`~Semaphore.release` 的调用唤醒。 一旦被唤醒（并且计数器的值大于 " +"0），则将计数器减 1 并返回 ``True``。 每次对 :meth:`~Semaphore.release` 的调用将只唤醒一个线程。 " +"线程被唤醒的次序是不可确定的。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:913 +msgid "" +"When invoked with *blocking* set to ``False``, do not block. If a call " +"without an argument would block, return ``False`` immediately; otherwise, do" +" the same thing as when called without arguments, and return ``True``." +msgstr "" +"当 *blocking* 设置为 ``False`` 时调用，不会阻塞。 如果没有参数的调用会阻塞，立即返回 " +"``False``；否则，做与无参数调用相同的事情时返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:917 +msgid "" +"When invoked with a *timeout* other than ``None``, it will block for at most" +" *timeout* seconds. If acquire does not complete successfully in that " +"interval, return ``False``. Return ``True`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"当被唤起时如果 *timeout* 不为 ``None``，则它将阻塞最多 *timeout* 秒。 请求在此时段时未能成功完成获取则将返回 " +"``False``。 在其他情况下返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:926 +msgid "" +"Release a semaphore, incrementing the internal counter by *n*. When it was " +"zero on entry and other threads are waiting for it to become larger than " +"zero again, wake up *n* of those threads." +msgstr "释放一个信号量，将内部计数器的值增加 *n*。 当进入时值为零且有其他线程正在等待它再次变为大于零时，则唤醒那 *n* 个线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:930 +msgid "Added the *n* parameter to release multiple waiting threads at once." +msgstr "增加了 *n* 形参以一次性释放多个等待线程。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:936 +msgid "" +"Class implementing bounded semaphore objects. A bounded semaphore checks to" +" make sure its current value doesn't exceed its initial value. If it does, " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised. In most situations semaphores are used to guard" +" resources with limited capacity. If the semaphore is released too many " +"times it's a sign of a bug. If not given, *value* defaults to 1." +msgstr "" +"该类实现有界信号量。有界信号量通过检查以确保它当前的值不会超过初始值。如果超过了初始值，将会引发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"异常。在大多情况下，信号量用于保护数量有限的资源。如果信号量被释放的次数过多，则表明出现了错误。没有指定时， *value* 的值默认为1。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:949 +msgid ":class:`Semaphore` Example" +msgstr ":class:`Semaphore` 例子" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:951 +msgid "" +"Semaphores are often used to guard resources with limited capacity, for " +"example, a database server. In any situation where the size of the resource" +" is fixed, you should use a bounded semaphore. Before spawning any worker " +"threads, your main thread would initialize the semaphore::" +msgstr "" +"信号量通常用于保护数量有限的资源，例如数据库服务器。在资源数量固定的任何情况下，都应该使用有界信号量。在生成任何工作线程前，应该在主线程中初始化信号量。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:956 +msgid "" +"maxconnections = 5\n" +"# ...\n" +"pool_sema = BoundedSemaphore(value=maxconnections)" +msgstr "" +"maxconnections = 5\n" +"# ...\n" +"pool_sema = BoundedSemaphore(value=maxconnections)" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:960 +msgid "" +"Once spawned, worker threads call the semaphore's acquire and release " +"methods when they need to connect to the server::" +msgstr "工作线程生成后，当需要连接服务器时，这些线程将调用信号量的 acquire 和 release 方法：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:963 +msgid "" +"with pool_sema:\n" +" conn = connectdb()\n" +" try:\n" +" # ... use connection ...\n" +" finally:\n" +" conn.close()" +msgstr "" +"with pool_sema:\n" +" conn = connectdb()\n" +" try:\n" +" # ... 使用连接 ...\n" +" finally:\n" +" conn.close()" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:970 +msgid "" +"The use of a bounded semaphore reduces the chance that a programming error " +"which causes the semaphore to be released more than it's acquired will go " +"undetected." +msgstr "使用有界信号量能减少这种编程错误：信号量的释放次数多于其请求次数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:977 +msgid "Event Objects" +msgstr "事件对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:979 +msgid "" +"This is one of the simplest mechanisms for communication between threads: " +"one thread signals an event and other threads wait for it." +msgstr "这是线程之间通信的最简单机制之一：一个线程发出事件信号，而其他线程等待该信号。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:982 +msgid "" +"An event object manages an internal flag that can be set to true with the " +":meth:`~Event.set` method and reset to false with the :meth:`~Event.clear` " +"method. The :meth:`~Event.wait` method blocks until the flag is true." +msgstr "" +"一个事件对象管理一个内部标识，调用 :meth:`~Event.set` 方法可将其设置为 true ，调用 :meth:`~Event.clear`" +" 方法可将其设置为 false ，调用 :meth:`~Event.wait` 方法将进入阻塞直到标识为 true 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Class implementing event objects. An event manages a flag that can be set " +"to true with the :meth:`~Event.set` method and reset to false with the " +":meth:`clear` method. The :meth:`wait` method blocks until the flag is " +"true. The flag is initially false." +msgstr "" +"实现事件对象的类。事件对象管理一个内部标识，调用 :meth:`~Event.set` 方法可将其设置为true。调用 " +":meth:`~Event.clear` 方法可将其设置为 false 。调用 :meth:`~Event.wait` " +"方法将进入阻塞直到标识为true。这个标识初始时为 false 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:999 +msgid "Return ``True`` if and only if the internal flag is true." +msgstr "当且仅当内部标识为 true 时返回 ``True`` 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1001 +msgid "The method ``isSet`` is a deprecated alias for this method." +msgstr "``isSet`` 方法是此方法的已弃用别名。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"Set the internal flag to true. All threads waiting for it to become true are" +" awakened. Threads that call :meth:`wait` once the flag is true will not " +"block at all." +msgstr "" +"将内部标识设置为 true 。所有正在等待这个事件的线程将被唤醒。当标识为 true 时，调用 :meth:`wait` 方法的线程不会被被阻塞。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1011 +msgid "" +"Reset the internal flag to false. Subsequently, threads calling :meth:`wait`" +" will block until :meth:`.set` is called to set the internal flag to true " +"again." +msgstr "" +"将内部标识设置为 false 。之后调用 :meth:`wait` 方法的线程将会被阻塞，直到调用 :meth:`.set` 方法将内部标识再次设置为 " +"true 。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"Block as long as the internal flag is false and the timeout, if given, has " +"not expired. The return value represents the reason that this blocking " +"method returned; ``True`` if returning because the internal flag is set to " +"true, or ``False`` if a timeout is given and the internal flag did not " +"become true within the given wait time." +msgstr "" +"只要内部旗标为假值且未超出所给出的 timeout 值就保持阻塞。 返回值表示阻塞方法返回的原因；如果返回是因为内部旗标被设为真值则为 " +"``True``，或者如果给出了 timeout 值而内部旗标在给定的等待时间内没有变成真值则为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"When the timeout argument is present and not ``None``, it should be a " +"floating-point number specifying a timeout for the operation in seconds, or " +"fractions thereof." +msgstr "当提供了 timeout 参数且不为 ``None`` 时，它应当为一个指定操作的超时限制秒数的浮点值，也可以为分数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1034 +msgid "Timer Objects" +msgstr "定时器对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"This class represents an action that should be run only after a certain " +"amount of time has passed --- a timer. :class:`Timer` is a subclass of " +":class:`Thread` and as such also functions as an example of creating custom " +"threads." +msgstr "" +"此类表示一个操作应该在等待一定的时间之后运行 --- 相当于一个定时器。 :class:`Timer` 类是 :class:`Thread` " +"类的子类，因此可以像一个自定义线程一样工作。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1040 +msgid "" +"Timers are started, as with threads, by calling their :meth:`Timer.start " +"` method. The timer can be stopped (before its action has " +"begun) by calling the :meth:`~Timer.cancel` method. The interval the timer " +"will wait before executing its action may not be exactly the same as the " +"interval specified by the user." +msgstr "" +"与线程一样，定时器也是通过调用其 :meth:`Timer.start ` 方法来启动的。 定时器可以通过调用 " +":meth:`~Timer.cancel` 方法来停止（在其动作开始之前）。 定时器在执行其行动之前要等待的时间间隔可能与用户指定的时间间隔不完全相同。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1046 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"def hello():\n" +" print(\"hello, world\")\n" +"\n" +"t = Timer(30.0, hello)\n" +"t.start() # after 30 seconds, \"hello, world\" will be printed" +msgstr "" +"def hello():\n" +" print(\"hello, world\")\n" +"\n" +"t = Timer(30.0, hello)\n" +"t.start() # 30 秒之后，将打印 \"hello, world\"" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"Create a timer that will run *function* with arguments *args* and keyword " +"arguments *kwargs*, after *interval* seconds have passed. If *args* is " +"``None`` (the default) then an empty list will be used. If *kwargs* is " +"``None`` (the default) then an empty dict will be used." +msgstr "" +"创建一个定时器，在经过 *interval* 秒的间隔事件后，将会用参数 *args* 和关键字参数 *kwargs* 调用 *function*。如果" +" *args* 为 ``None`` （默认值），则会使用一个空列表。如果 *kwargs* 为 ``None`` （默认值），则会使用一个空字典。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1067 +msgid "" +"Stop the timer, and cancel the execution of the timer's action. This will " +"only work if the timer is still in its waiting stage." +msgstr "停止定时器并取消执行计时器将要执行的操作。仅当计时器仍处于等待状态时有效。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1072 +msgid "Barrier Objects" +msgstr "栅栏对象" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1076 +msgid "" +"This class provides a simple synchronization primitive for use by a fixed " +"number of threads that need to wait for each other. Each of the threads " +"tries to pass the barrier by calling the :meth:`~Barrier.wait` method and " +"will block until all of the threads have made their :meth:`~Barrier.wait` " +"calls. At this point, the threads are released simultaneously." +msgstr "" +"栅栏类提供一个简单的同步原语，用于应对固定数量的线程需要彼此相互等待的情况。线程调用 :meth:`~Barrier.wait` " +"方法后将阻塞，直到所有线程都调用了 :meth:`~Barrier.wait` 方法。此时所有线程将被同时释放。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"The barrier can be reused any number of times for the same number of " +"threads." +msgstr "栅栏对象可以被多次使用，但进程的数量不能改变。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"As an example, here is a simple way to synchronize a client and server " +"thread::" +msgstr "这是一个使用简便的方法实现客户端进程与服务端进程同步的例子：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"b = Barrier(2, timeout=5)\n" +"\n" +"def server():\n" +" start_server()\n" +" b.wait()\n" +" while True:\n" +" connection = accept_connection()\n" +" process_server_connection(connection)\n" +"\n" +"def client():\n" +" b.wait()\n" +" while True:\n" +" connection = make_connection()\n" +" process_client_connection(connection)" +msgstr "" +"b = Barrier(2, timeout=5)\n" +"\n" +"def server():\n" +" start_server()\n" +" b.wait()\n" +" while True:\n" +" connection = accept_connection()\n" +" process_server_connection(connection)\n" +"\n" +"def client():\n" +" b.wait()\n" +" while True:\n" +" connection = make_connection()\n" +" process_client_connection(connection)" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"Create a barrier object for *parties* number of threads. An *action*, when " +"provided, is a callable to be called by one of the threads when they are " +"released. *timeout* is the default timeout value if none is specified for " +"the :meth:`wait` method." +msgstr "" +"创建一个需要 *parties* 个线程的栅栏对象。如果提供了可调用的 *action* 参数，它会在所有线程被释放时在其中一个线程中自动调用。 " +"*timeout* 是默认的超时时间，如果没有在 :meth:`wait` 方法中指定超时时间的话。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"Pass the barrier. When all the threads party to the barrier have called " +"this function, they are all released simultaneously. If a *timeout* is " +"provided, it is used in preference to any that was supplied to the class " +"constructor." +msgstr "" +"冲出栅栏。当栅栏中所有线程都已经调用了这个函数，它们将同时被释放。如果提供了 *timeout* 参数，这里的 *timeout* " +"参数优先于创建栅栏对象时提供的 *timeout* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"The return value is an integer in the range 0 to *parties* -- 1, different " +"for each thread. This can be used to select a thread to do some special " +"housekeeping, e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"函数返回值是一个整数，取值范围在0到 *parties* -- " +"1，在每个线程中的返回值不相同。可用于从所有线程中选择唯一的一个线程执行一些特别的工作。例如：" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"i = barrier.wait()\n" +"if i == 0:\n" +" # Only one thread needs to print this\n" +" print(\"passed the barrier\")" +msgstr "" +"i = barrier.wait()\n" +"if i == 0:\n" +" # 只有一个线程需要打印此文本\n" +" print(\"passed the barrier\")" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1125 +msgid "" +"If an *action* was provided to the constructor, one of the threads will have" +" called it prior to being released. Should this call raise an error, the " +"barrier is put into the broken state." +msgstr "如果创建栅栏对象时在构造函数中提供了 *action* 参数，它将在其中一个线程释放前被调用。如果此调用引发了异常，栅栏对象将进入损坏态。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1129 +msgid "If the call times out, the barrier is put into the broken state." +msgstr "如果发生了超时，栅栏对象将进入破损态。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1131 +msgid "" +"This method may raise a :class:`BrokenBarrierError` exception if the barrier" +" is broken or reset while a thread is waiting." +msgstr "如果栅栏对象进入破损态，或重置栅栏时仍有线程等待释放，将会引发 :class:`BrokenBarrierError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"Return the barrier to the default, empty state. Any threads waiting on it " +"will receive the :class:`BrokenBarrierError` exception." +msgstr "重置栅栏为默认的初始态。如果栅栏中仍有线程等待释放，这些线程将会收到 :class:`BrokenBarrierError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"Note that using this function may require some external synchronization if " +"there are other threads whose state is unknown. If a barrier is broken it " +"may be better to just leave it and create a new one." +msgstr "请注意使用此函数时，如果存在状态未知的其他线程，则可能需要执行外部同步。 如果栅栏已损坏则最好将其废弃并新建一个。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"Put the barrier into a broken state. This causes any active or future calls" +" to :meth:`wait` to fail with the :class:`BrokenBarrierError`. Use this for" +" example if one of the threads needs to abort, to avoid deadlocking the " +"application." +msgstr "" +"使栅栏处于损坏状态。 这将导致任何现有和未来对 :meth:`wait` 的调用失败并引发 :class:`BrokenBarrierError`。 " +"例如可以在需要中止某个线程时使用此方法，以避免应用程序的死锁。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"It may be preferable to simply create the barrier with a sensible *timeout* " +"value to automatically guard against one of the threads going awry." +msgstr "更好的方式是：创建栅栏时提供一个合理的超时时间，来自动避免某个线程出错。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1156 +msgid "The number of threads required to pass the barrier." +msgstr "冲出栅栏所需要的线程数量。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1160 +msgid "The number of threads currently waiting in the barrier." +msgstr "当前时刻正在栅栏中阻塞的线程数量。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1164 +msgid "A boolean that is ``True`` if the barrier is in the broken state." +msgstr "一个布尔值，值为 ``True`` 表明栅栏为破损态。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1169 +msgid "" +"This exception, a subclass of :exc:`RuntimeError`, is raised when the " +":class:`Barrier` object is reset or broken." +msgstr "" +"异常类，是 :exc:`RuntimeError` 异常的子类，在 :class:`Barrier` 对象重置时仍有线程阻塞时和对象进入破损态时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"Using locks, conditions, and semaphores in the :keyword:`!with` statement" +msgstr "在 :keyword:`!with` 语句中使用锁、条件和信号量" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"All of the objects provided by this module that have ``acquire`` and " +"``release`` methods can be used as context managers for a :keyword:`with` " +"statement. The ``acquire`` method will be called when the block is entered," +" and ``release`` will be called when the block is exited. Hence, the " +"following snippet::" +msgstr "" +"本模块提供的所有具有 ``acquire`` 和 ``release`` 方法的对象都可用作 :keyword:`with` 语句的上下文管理器。 " +"进入语句块时将调用 ``acquire`` 方法，退出语句块时将调用 ``release`` 方法。 因此，下面的代码段::" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"with some_lock:\n" +" # do something..." +msgstr "" +"with some_lock:\n" +" # 执行某种操作..." + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1187 +msgid "is equivalent to::" +msgstr "相当于::" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"some_lock.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" # do something...\n" +"finally:\n" +" some_lock.release()" +msgstr "" +"some_lock.acquire()\n" +"try:\n" +" # 执行某种操作...\n" +"finally:\n" +" some_lock.release()" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:1195 +msgid "" +"Currently, :class:`Lock`, :class:`RLock`, :class:`Condition`, " +":class:`Semaphore`, and :class:`BoundedSemaphore` objects may be used as " +":keyword:`with` statement context managers." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`Lock` 、 :class:`RLock` 、 :class:`Condition` 、 :class:`Semaphore` " +"和 :class:`BoundedSemaphore` 对象可以用作 :keyword:`with` 语句的上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:158 ../../library/threading.rst:176 +msgid "trace function" +msgstr "追踪函数" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:176 +msgid "debugger" +msgstr "调试器" + +#: ../../library/threading.rst:187 ../../library/threading.rst:205 +msgid "profile function" +msgstr "性能分析函数" diff --git a/library/time.po b/library/time.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23421c968 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/time.po @@ -0,0 +1,1710 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# walkinrain , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# Kevin Deng , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lit, 2024 +# dannyvi , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!time` --- Time access and conversions" +msgstr ":mod:`!time` --- 时间的访问和转换" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:9 +msgid "" +"This module provides various time-related functions. For related " +"functionality, see also the :mod:`datetime` and :mod:`calendar` modules." +msgstr "该模块提供了各种与时间相关的函数。相关功能还可以参阅 :mod:`datetime` 和 :mod:`calendar` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:12 +msgid "" +"Although this module is always available, not all functions are available on" +" all platforms. Most of the functions defined in this module call platform " +"C library functions with the same name. It may sometimes be helpful to " +"consult the platform documentation, because the semantics of these functions" +" varies among platforms." +msgstr "" +"尽管所有平台皆可使用此模块，但模块内的函数并非所有平台都可用。此模块中定义的大多数函数的实现都是调用其所在平台的C语言库的同名函数。因为这些函数的语义可能因平台而异，所以使用时最好查阅对应平台的相关文档。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:18 +msgid "An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order." +msgstr "下面是一些术语和惯例的解释." + +#: ../../library/time.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The :dfn:`epoch` is the point where the time starts, the return value of " +"``time.gmtime(0)``. It is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC) on all platforms." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`epoch` 是起始的时间点，即 ``time.gmtime(0)`` 的返回值。 这在所有平台上都是 1970-01-01, " +"00:00:00 (UTC)。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:31 +msgid "" +"The term :dfn:`seconds since the epoch` refers to the total number of " +"elapsed seconds since the epoch, typically excluding `leap seconds`_. Leap " +"seconds are excluded from this total on all POSIX-compliant platforms." +msgstr "" +"术语 :dfn:`纪元秒数` 是指自 epoch （纪元）时间点以来经过的总秒数，通常不包括 `闰秒`_。 在所有符合 POSIX " +"标准的平台上，闰秒都不会记录在总秒数中。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The functions in this module may not handle dates and times before the " +"epoch_ or far in the future. The cut-off point in the future is determined " +"by the C library; for 32-bit systems, it is typically in 2038." +msgstr "" +"此模块中的函数可能无法处理 epoch_ 之前或遥远未来的日期和时间。 “遥远未来”的分界点是由 C 库确定的；对于 32 位系统，它通常是在 2038" +" 年。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Function :func:`strptime` can parse 2-digit years when given ``%y`` format " +"code. When 2-digit years are parsed, they are converted according to the " +"POSIX and ISO C standards: values 69--99 are mapped to 1969--1999, and " +"values 0--68 are mapped to 2000--2068." +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`strptime` 在接收到 ``%y`` 格式代码时可以解析使用 2 位数表示的年份。当解析 2 位数年份时，函数会按照 " +"POSIX 和 ISO C 标准进行年份转换：数值 69--99 被映射为 1969--1999；数值 0--68 被映射为 2000--2068。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:55 +msgid "" +"UTC is `Coordinated Universal Time`_ and superseded `Greenwich Mean Time`_ " +"or GMT as the basis of international timekeeping. The acronym UTC is not a " +"mistake but conforms to an earlier, language-agnostic naming scheme for time" +" standards such as UT0, UT1, and UT2." +msgstr "" +"UTC 即 `Coordinated Universal Time`_，它取代 `Greenwich Mean Time`_ 即 GMT " +"作为国际时间计量的基准。 UTC 是个错误的缩写但它遵循了更早的语言中立的时间标准命名方案如 UT0, UT1 和 UT2。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:65 +msgid "" +"DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) one " +"hour during part of the year. DST rules are magic (determined by local law)" +" and can change from year to year. The C library has a table containing the" +" local rules (often it is read from a system file for flexibility) and is " +"the only source of True Wisdom in this respect." +msgstr "" +"DST是夏令时（Daylight Saving Time）的缩写，在一年的某一段时间中将当地时间调整（通常）一小时。 " +"DST的规则非常神奇（由当地法律确定），并且每年的起止时间都不同。C语言库中有一个表格，记录了各地的夏令时规则（实际上，为了灵活性，C语言库通常是从某个系统文件中读取这张表）。从这个角度而言，这张表是夏令时规则的唯一权威真理。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested " +"by the units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most " +"Unix systems, the clock \"ticks\" only 50 or 100 times a second." +msgstr "由于平台限制，各种实时函数的精度可能低于其值或参数所要求（或给定）的精度。例如，在大多数Unix系统上，时钟频率仅为每秒50或100次。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:75 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, the precision of :func:`.time` and :func:`sleep` is " +"better than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating-point " +"numbers, :func:`.time` returns the most accurate time available (using Unix " +":c:func:`!gettimeofday` where available), and :func:`sleep` will accept a " +"time with a nonzero fraction (Unix :c:func:`!select` is used to implement " +"this, where available)." +msgstr "" +"另一方面，:func:`.time` 和 :func:`sleep` 的精度优于它们的 Unix 等价物：时间表示为浮点数，:func:`.time` " +"返回可用的最准确时间 (如有可能将使用 Unix :c:func:`!gettimeofday`)，并且 :func:`sleep` " +"将接受带有非零小数部分的时间 (如有可能将使用 Unix :c:func:`!select` 来实现此功能)。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The time value as returned by :func:`gmtime`, :func:`localtime`, and " +":func:`strptime`, and accepted by :func:`asctime`, :func:`mktime` and " +":func:`strftime`, is a sequence of 9 integers. The return values of " +":func:`gmtime`, :func:`localtime`, and :func:`strptime` also offer attribute" +" names for individual fields." +msgstr "" +"时间值由 :func:`gmtime`，:func:`localtime` 和 :func:`strptime` 返回，并被 " +":func:`asctime`， :func:`mktime` 和 :func:`strftime` 接受，是一个 9 个整数的序列。 " +":func:`gmtime`， :func:`localtime` 和 :func:`strptime` 的返回值还提供各个字段的属性名称。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:88 +msgid "See :class:`struct_time` for a description of these objects." +msgstr "请参阅 :class:`struct_time` 以获取这些对象的描述。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:90 +msgid "" +"The :class:`struct_time` type was extended to provide the " +":attr:`~struct_time.tm_gmtoff` and :attr:`~struct_time.tm_zone` attributes " +"when platform supports corresponding ``struct tm`` members." +msgstr "" +"当平台支持相应的 ``struct tm`` 成员时 :class:`struct_time` 类型将被扩展以提供 " +":attr:`~struct_time.tm_gmtoff` 和 :attr:`~struct_time.tm_zone` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:96 +msgid "" +"The :class:`struct_time` attributes :attr:`~struct_time.tm_gmtoff` and " +":attr:`~struct_time.tm_zone` are now available on all platforms." +msgstr "" +":class:`struct_time` 的属性 :attr:`~struct_time.tm_gmtoff` 和 " +":attr:`~struct_time.tm_zone` 现在可在所有平台上使用。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:101 +msgid "Use the following functions to convert between time representations:" +msgstr "使用以下函数在时间表示之间进行转换：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:104 +msgid "From" +msgstr "从" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:104 +msgid "To" +msgstr "到" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:104 +msgid "Use" +msgstr "使用" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:29 ../../library/time.rst:106 +#: ../../library/time.rst:109 ../../library/time.rst:112 +#: ../../library/time.rst:115 +msgid "seconds since the epoch" +msgstr "自纪元以来的秒数" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:106 ../../library/time.rst:112 +msgid ":class:`struct_time` in UTC" +msgstr "UTC 的 :class:`struct_time`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:106 +msgid ":func:`gmtime`" +msgstr ":func:`gmtime`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:109 ../../library/time.rst:115 +msgid ":class:`struct_time` in local time" +msgstr "本地时间的 :class:`struct_time`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:109 +msgid ":func:`localtime`" +msgstr ":func:`localtime`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:112 +msgid ":func:`calendar.timegm`" +msgstr ":func:`calendar.timegm`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:115 +msgid ":func:`mktime`" +msgstr ":func:`mktime`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:123 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Convert a tuple or :class:`struct_time` representing a time as returned by " +":func:`gmtime` or :func:`localtime` to a string of the following form: " +"``'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'``. The day field is two characters long and is " +"space padded if the day is a single digit, e.g.: ``'Wed Jun 9 04:26:40 " +"1993'``." +msgstr "" +"转换由 :func:`gmtime` 或 :func:`localtime` 所返回的 :class:`struct_time` " +"或相应的表示时间的元组为以下形式的字符串: ``'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'``。 " +"日期字段的长度为两个字符，如果日期只有一个数字则会以空格填充，例如: ``'Wed Jun 9 04:26:40 1993'``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:133 +msgid "" +"If *t* is not provided, the current time as returned by :func:`localtime` is" +" used. Locale information is not used by :func:`asctime`." +msgstr "" +"如果未提供 *t*，则会使用 :func:`localtime` 所返回的当前时间。 :func:`asctime` 不会使用区域设置信息。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Unlike the C function of the same name, :func:`asctime` does not add a " +"trailing newline." +msgstr "与同名的C函数不同， :func:`asctime` 不添加尾随换行符。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Return the *clk_id* of the thread-specific CPU-time clock for the specified " +"*thread_id*." +msgstr "返回指定的 *thread_id* 的特定于线程的CPU时间时钟的 *clk_id* 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`threading.get_ident` or the :attr:`~threading.Thread.ident` " +"attribute of :class:`threading.Thread` objects to get a suitable value for " +"*thread_id*." +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`threading.Thread` 对象的 :func:`threading.get_ident` 或 " +":attr:`~threading.Thread.ident` 属性为 *thread_id* 获取合适的值。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Passing an invalid or expired *thread_id* may result in undefined behavior, " +"such as segmentation fault." +msgstr "传递无效的或过期的 *thread_id* 可能会导致未定义的行为，例如段错误。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:153 ../../library/time.rst:165 +#: ../../library/time.rst:178 ../../library/time.rst:187 +#: ../../library/time.rst:200 ../../library/time.rst:209 +#: ../../library/time.rst:747 ../../library/time.rst:771 +#: ../../library/time.rst:867 ../../library/time.rst:878 +#: ../../library/time.rst:888 ../../library/time.rst:898 +#: ../../library/time.rst:907 ../../library/time.rst:916 +#: ../../library/time.rst:925 ../../library/time.rst:936 +#: ../../library/time.rst:944 ../../library/time.rst:955 +#: ../../library/time.rst:966 ../../library/time.rst:975 +#: ../../library/time.rst:988 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:155 +msgid "" +"See the man page for :manpage:`pthread_getcpuclockid(3)` for further " +"information." +msgstr "请参阅 :manpage:`pthread_getcpuclockid(3)` 的手册页面了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Return the resolution (precision) of the specified clock *clk_id*. Refer to" +" :ref:`time-clock-id-constants` for a list of accepted values for *clk_id*." +msgstr "" +"返回指定时钟 *clk_id* 的分辨率（精度）。有关 *clk_id* 的可接受值列表，请参阅 :ref:`time-clock-id-" +"constants` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Return the time of the specified clock *clk_id*. Refer to :ref:`time-clock-" +"id-constants` for a list of accepted values for *clk_id*." +msgstr "" +"返回指定 *clk_id* 时钟的时间。有关 *clk_id* 的可接受值列表，请参阅 :ref:`time-clock-id-constants` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`clock_gettime_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the " +":class:`float` type." +msgstr "使用 :func:`clock_gettime_ns` 以避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:185 +msgid "Similar to :func:`clock_gettime` but return time as nanoseconds." +msgstr "与 :func:`clock_gettime` 相似，但返回时间为纳秒。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Set the time of the specified clock *clk_id*. Currently, " +":data:`CLOCK_REALTIME` is the only accepted value for *clk_id*." +msgstr "设置指定 *clk_id* 时钟的时间。 目前， :data:`CLOCK_REALTIME` 是 *clk_id* 唯一可接受的值。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:197 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`clock_settime_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the " +":class:`float` type." +msgstr "使用 :func:`clock_settime_ns` 以避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:207 +msgid "Similar to :func:`clock_settime` but set time with nanoseconds." +msgstr "与 :func:`clock_settime` 相似，但设置时间为纳秒。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch_ to a string of a form: " +"``'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'`` representing local time. The day field is two" +" characters long and is space padded if the day is a single digit, e.g.: " +"``'Wed Jun 9 04:26:40 1993'``." +msgstr "" +"将以距离 epoch_ 的秒数表示的时间转换为以下形式的字符串: ``'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'`` 代表本地时间。 " +"日期字段的长度为两个字符且如果日期只有一位数字则会以空格填充，例如: ``'Wed Jun 9 04:26:40 1993'``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:221 +msgid "" +"If *secs* is not provided or :const:`None`, the current time as returned by " +":func:`.time` is used. ``ctime(secs)`` is equivalent to " +"``asctime(localtime(secs))``. Locale information is not used by " +":func:`ctime`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *secs* 未提供或为 :const:`None`，则使用 :func:`.time` 所返回的当前时间。 ``ctime(secs)`` " +"等价于 ``asctime(localtime(secs))``。 :func:`ctime` 不会使用区域设置信息。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Get information on the specified clock as a namespace object. Supported " +"clock names and the corresponding functions to read their value are:" +msgstr "获取有关指定时钟的信息作为命名空间对象。 支持的时钟名称和读取其值的相应函数是：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:233 +msgid "``'monotonic'``: :func:`time.monotonic`" +msgstr "``'monotonic'``: :func:`time.monotonic`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:234 +msgid "``'perf_counter'``: :func:`time.perf_counter`" +msgstr "``'perf_counter'``: :func:`time.perf_counter`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:235 +msgid "``'process_time'``: :func:`time.process_time`" +msgstr "``'process_time'``: :func:`time.process_time`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:236 +msgid "``'thread_time'``: :func:`time.thread_time`" +msgstr "``'thread_time'``: :func:`time.thread_time`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:237 +msgid "``'time'``: :func:`time.time`" +msgstr "``'time'``: :func:`time.time`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:239 +msgid "The result has the following attributes:" +msgstr "结果具有以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:241 +msgid "" +"*adjustable*: ``True`` if the clock can be changed automatically (e.g. by a " +"NTP daemon) or manually by the system administrator, ``False`` otherwise" +msgstr "" +"*adjustable* ： 如果时钟可以自动更改（例如通过NTP守护程序）或由系统管理员手动更改，则为 ``True`` ，否则为 ``False``" +" 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:243 +msgid "" +"*implementation*: The name of the underlying C function used to get the " +"clock value. Refer to :ref:`time-clock-id-constants` for possible values." +msgstr "" +"*implementation* ： 用于获取时钟值的基础C函数的名称。有关可能的值，请参阅 :ref:`time-clock-id-" +"constants` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:245 +msgid "" +"*monotonic*: ``True`` if the clock cannot go backward, ``False`` otherwise" +msgstr "*monotonic* ：如果时钟不能倒退，则为 ``True`` ，否则为 ``False`` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:247 +msgid "*resolution*: The resolution of the clock in seconds (:class:`float`)" +msgstr "*resolution* ： 以秒为单位的时钟分辨率（ :class:`float` ）" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch_ to a " +":class:`struct_time` in UTC in which the dst flag is always zero. If *secs*" +" is not provided or :const:`None`, the current time as returned by " +":func:`.time` is used. Fractions of a second are ignored. See above for a " +"description of the :class:`struct_time` object. See :func:`calendar.timegm` " +"for the inverse of this function." +msgstr "" +"将以自 epoch_ 开始的秒数表示的时间转换为 UTC 的 :class:`struct_time`，其中 dst 旗标始终为零。 如果未提供 " +"*secs* 或为 :const:`None`，则使用 :func:`.time` 所返回的当前时间。 一秒以内的小数将被忽略。 有关 " +":class:`struct_time` 对象的说明请参见上文。 有关此函数的逆操作请参阅 :func:`calendar.timegm`。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`gmtime` but converts to local time. If *secs* is not provided " +"or :const:`None`, the current time as returned by :func:`.time` is used. " +"The dst flag is set to ``1`` when DST applies to the given time." +msgstr "" +"与 :func:`gmtime` 相似但转换为当地时间。如果未提供 *secs* 或为 :const:`None` ，则使用由 " +":func:`.time` 返回的当前时间。当 DST 适用于给定时间时，dst标志设置为 ``1`` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:268 +msgid "" +":func:`localtime` may raise :exc:`OverflowError`, if the timestamp is " +"outside the range of values supported by the platform C :c:func:`localtime` " +"or :c:func:`gmtime` functions, and :exc:`OSError` on :c:func:`localtime` or " +":c:func:`gmtime` failure. It's common for this to be restricted to years " +"between 1970 and 2038." +msgstr "" +":func:`localtime` 可能会引发 :exc:`OverflowError` ，如果时间戳超出平台 C " +":c:func:`localtime` 或 :c:func:`gmtime` 函数支持的范围，并会在 :c:func:`localtime` 或 " +":c:func:`gmtime` 失败时引发 :exc:`OSError` 。这通常被限制在1970至2038年之间。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:277 +msgid "" +"This is the inverse function of :func:`localtime`. Its argument is the " +":class:`struct_time` or full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed; use " +"``-1`` as the dst flag if it is unknown) which expresses the time in *local*" +" time, not UTC. It returns a floating-point number, for compatibility with " +":func:`.time`. If the input value cannot be represented as a valid time, " +"either :exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`ValueError` will be raised (which " +"depends on whether the invalid value is caught by Python or the underlying C" +" libraries). The earliest date for which it can generate a time is platform-" +"dependent." +msgstr "" +"这是 :func:`localtime` 的反函数。它的参数是 :class:`struct_time` 或者完整的 9 元组（因为需要 dst " +"标志；如果它是未知的则使用 ``-1`` 作为dst标志），它表示 *local* 的时间，而不是 UTC 。它返回一个浮点数，以便与 " +":func:`.time` 兼容。如果输入值不能表示为有效时间，则 :exc:`OverflowError` 或 :exc:`ValueError` " +"将被引发（这取决于Python或底层C库是否捕获到无效值）。它可以生成时间的最早日期取决于平台。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:289 +msgid "" +"Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock " +"that cannot go backwards. The clock is not affected by system clock " +"updates. The reference point of the returned value is undefined, so that " +"only the difference between the results of two calls is valid." +msgstr "" +"（以小数表示的秒为单位）返回一个单调时钟的值，即不能倒退的时钟。 该时钟不受系统时钟更新的影响。 " +"返回值的参考点未被定义，因此只有两次调用之间的差值才是有效的。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:294 ../../library/time.rst:713 +msgid "Clock:" +msgstr "时钟：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:296 +msgid "" +"On Windows, call ``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` and " +"``QueryPerformanceFrequency()``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，调用 ``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` 和 " +"``QueryPerformanceFrequency()``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:298 +msgid "On macOS, call ``mach_absolute_time()`` and ``mach_timebase_info()``." +msgstr "在 macOS 上，调用 ``mach_absolute_time()`` 和 ``mach_timebase_info()``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:299 +msgid "On HP-UX, call ``gethrtime()``." +msgstr "在 HP-UX 上，调用 ``gethrtime()``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:300 +msgid "Call ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_HIGHRES)`` if available." +msgstr "如果可能则调用 ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_HIGHRES)``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:301 +msgid "Otherwise, call ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)``." +msgstr "在其他情况下，调用 ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:303 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`monotonic_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the " +":class:`float` type." +msgstr "使用 :func:`monotonic_ns` 以避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:308 +msgid "The function is now always available and always system-wide." +msgstr "该功能现在始终可用且始终在系统范围内。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:311 +msgid "On macOS, the function is now system-wide." +msgstr "在 macOS 上，现在这个函数作用于全系统。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:317 +msgid "Similar to :func:`monotonic`, but return time as nanoseconds." +msgstr "与 :func:`monotonic` 相似，但是返回时间为纳秒数。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a performance counter, i.e. a " +"clock with the highest available resolution to measure a short duration. It" +" does include time elapsed during sleep and is system-wide. The reference " +"point of the returned value is undefined, so that only the difference " +"between the results of two calls is valid." +msgstr "" +"（以小数表示的秒为单位）返回一个性能计数器的值，即用于测量较短持续时间的具有最高有效精度的时钟。 它会包括睡眠状态所消耗的时间并且作用于全系统范围。 " +"返回值的参考点未被定义，因此只有两次调用之间的差值才是有效的。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:334 +msgid "" +"On CPython, use the same clock as :func:`time.monotonic` and is a monotonic " +"clock, i.e. a clock that cannot go backwards." +msgstr "在 CPython 中，使用与 :func:`time.monotonic` 相同的单调时钟，即无法回退的时钟。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:337 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`perf_counter_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the " +":class:`float` type." +msgstr "使用 :func:`perf_counter_ns` 以避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:342 +msgid "On Windows, the function is now system-wide." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，现在这个函数作用于全系统。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:345 +msgid "Use the same clock as :func:`time.monotonic`." +msgstr "使用与 :func:`time.monotonic` 相同的时钟。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:351 +msgid "Similar to :func:`perf_counter`, but return time as nanoseconds." +msgstr "与 :func:`perf_counter` 相似，但是返回时间为纳秒。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user " +"CPU time of the current process. It does not include time elapsed during " +"sleep. It is process-wide by definition. The reference point of the " +"returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results" +" of two calls is valid." +msgstr "" +"（以小数表示的秒为单位）返回当前进程的系统和用户 CPU 时间的总计值。 它不包括睡眠状态所消耗的时间。 根据定义它只作用于进程范围。 " +"返回值的参考点未被定义，因此只有两次调用之间的差值才是有效的。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`process_time_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the " +":class:`float` type." +msgstr "使用 :func:`process_time_ns` 以避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:376 +msgid "Similar to :func:`process_time` but return time as nanoseconds." +msgstr "与 :func:`process_time` 相似，但是返回时间为纳秒。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Suspend execution of the calling thread for the given number of seconds. The" +" argument may be a floating-point number to indicate a more precise sleep " +"time." +msgstr "调用方线程暂停执行给定的秒数。 该参数可以为浮点数以指定一个更精确的休眠时间。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:386 +msgid "" +"If the sleep is interrupted by a signal and no exception is raised by the " +"signal handler, the sleep is restarted with a recomputed timeout." +msgstr "如果休眠被信号打断并且信号处理器未引发异常，休眠将基于重新计算的时延重新开始。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:389 +msgid "" +"The suspension time may be longer than requested by an arbitrary amount, " +"because of the scheduling of other activity in the system." +msgstr "暂停时间有可能比请求的要长出一段不确定的时间，因为会受系统中的其他活动排期影响。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:393 +msgid "Windows implementation" +msgstr "Windows 实现" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:394 +msgid "" +"On Windows, if *secs* is zero, the thread relinquishes the remainder of its " +"time slice to any other thread that is ready to run. If there are no other " +"threads ready to run, the function returns immediately, and the thread " +"continues execution. On Windows 8.1 and newer the implementation uses a " +"`high-resolution timer `_ which provides resolution " +"of 100 nanoseconds. If *secs* is zero, ``Sleep(0)`` is used." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，如果 *secs* 为零，线程会将其时间片的剩余部分让渡给任何其他准备要运行的线程。 " +"如果没有其他准备要运行的线程，该函数将立即返回，而线程将继续执行。 在 Windows 8.1 及更新版本中的实现使用了提供精度为 100 纳秒的 " +"`高分辨率定时器 `_。 如果 *secs* 为零，则会使用 ``Sleep(0)``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:403 +msgid "Unix implementation" +msgstr "Unix 实现" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:404 +msgid "Use ``clock_nanosleep()`` if available (resolution: 1 nanosecond);" +msgstr "如果可能则使用 ``clock_nanosleep()`` (精度: 1 纳秒);" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:405 +msgid "Or use ``nanosleep()`` if available (resolution: 1 nanosecond);" +msgstr "或者如果可能则使用 ``nanosleep()`` (精度: 1 纳秒);" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:406 +msgid "Or use ``select()`` (resolution: 1 microsecond)." +msgstr "或者使用 ``select()`` (精度: 1 微秒)." + +#: ../../library/time.rst:410 +msgid "To emulate a \"no-op\", use :keyword:`pass` instead of ``time.sleep(0)``." +msgstr "要模拟“无操作”，请使用 :keyword:`pass` 而非 ``time.sleep(0)``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:412 +msgid "" +"To voluntarily relinquish the CPU, specify a real-time :ref:`scheduling " +"policy ` and use :func:`os.sched_yield` instead." +msgstr "" +"要主动让出 CPU，请指定一个实时 :ref:`计划任务策略 ` 并改用 " +":func:`os.sched_yield`。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:415 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``time.sleep`` with argument " +"``secs``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``time.sleep`` 并附带参数 ``secs``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:417 +msgid "" +"The function now sleeps at least *secs* even if the sleep is interrupted by " +"a signal, except if the signal handler raises an exception (see :pep:`475` " +"for the rationale)." +msgstr "" +"现在，即使该睡眠过程被信号中断，该函数也会保证调用它的线程至少会睡眠 *secs* " +"秒。信号处理例程抛出异常的情况除外。（欲了解我们做出这次改变的原因，请参见 :pep:`475` ）" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:422 +msgid "" +"On Unix, the ``clock_nanosleep()`` and ``nanosleep()`` functions are now " +"used if available. On Windows, a waitable timer is now used." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，现在将在可能的情况下使用 ``clock_nanosleep()`` 和 ``nanosleep()`` 函数。 在 Windows " +"上，现在将使用可等待的计时器。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:426 +msgid "Raises an auditing event." +msgstr "引发一个审计事件。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:434 +msgid "" +"Convert a tuple or :class:`struct_time` representing a time as returned by " +":func:`gmtime` or :func:`localtime` to a string as specified by the *format*" +" argument. If *t* is not provided, the current time as returned by " +":func:`localtime` is used. *format* must be a string. :exc:`ValueError` is" +" raised if any field in *t* is outside of the allowed range." +msgstr "" +"转换一个元组或 :class:`struct_time` 表示的由 :func:`gmtime` 或 :func:`localtime` 返回的时间到由" +" *format* 参数指定的字符串。如果未提供 *t* ，则使用由 :func:`localtime` 返回的当前时间。 *format* " +"必须是一个字符串。如果 *t* 中的任何字段超出允许范围，则引发 :exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:440 +msgid "" +"0 is a legal argument for any position in the time tuple; if it is normally " +"illegal the value is forced to a correct one." +msgstr "0是时间元组中任何位置的合法参数；如果它通常是非法的，则该值被强制改为正确的值。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:443 +msgid "" +"The following directives can be embedded in the *format* string. They are " +"shown without the optional field width and precision specification, and are " +"replaced by the indicated characters in the :func:`strftime` result:" +msgstr "" +"以下指令可以嵌入 *format* 字符串中。它们显示时没有可选的字段宽度和精度规范，并被 :func:`strftime` 结果中的指示字符替换：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:448 +msgid "Directive" +msgstr "指令" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:448 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:448 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:450 +msgid "``%a``" +msgstr "``%a``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:450 +msgid "Locale's abbreviated weekday name." +msgstr "本地化的缩写星期中每日的名称。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:453 +msgid "``%A``" +msgstr "``%A``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:453 +msgid "Locale's full weekday name." +msgstr "本地化的星期中每日的完整名称。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:455 +msgid "``%b``" +msgstr "``%b``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:455 +msgid "Locale's abbreviated month name." +msgstr "本地化的月缩写名称。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:458 +msgid "``%B``" +msgstr "``%B``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:458 +msgid "Locale's full month name." +msgstr "本地化的月完整名称。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:460 +msgid "``%c``" +msgstr "``%c``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:460 +msgid "Locale's appropriate date and time representation." +msgstr "本地化的适当日期和时间表示。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:463 +msgid "``%d``" +msgstr "``%d``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:463 +msgid "Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]." +msgstr "十进制数 [01,31] 表示的月中日。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:466 +msgid "``%f``" +msgstr "``%f``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:466 +msgid "Microseconds as a decimal number" +msgstr "十进制表示的的微秒数" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:467 +msgid "[000000,999999]." +msgstr "[000000,999999]." + +#: ../../library/time.rst:466 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:470 +msgid "``%H``" +msgstr "``%H``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:470 +msgid "Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]." +msgstr "十进制数 [00,23] 表示的小时（24小时制）。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:473 +msgid "``%I``" +msgstr "``%I``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:473 +msgid "Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]." +msgstr "十进制数 [01,12] 表示的小时（12小时制）。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:476 +msgid "``%j``" +msgstr "``%j``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:476 +msgid "Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]." +msgstr "十进制数 [001,366] 表示的年中日。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:479 +msgid "``%m``" +msgstr "``%m``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:479 +msgid "Month as a decimal number [01,12]." +msgstr "十进制数 [01,12] 表示的月。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:482 +msgid "``%M``" +msgstr "``%M``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:482 +msgid "Minute as a decimal number [00,59]." +msgstr "十进制数 [00,59] 表示的分钟。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:485 +msgid "``%p``" +msgstr "``%p``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:485 +msgid "Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM." +msgstr "本地化的 AM 或 PM 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:485 +msgid "\\(2)" +msgstr "\\(2)" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:488 +msgid "``%S``" +msgstr "``%S``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:488 +msgid "Second as a decimal number [00,61]." +msgstr "十进制数 [00,61] 表示的秒。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:488 +msgid "\\(3)" +msgstr "\\(3)" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:491 +msgid "``%U``" +msgstr "``%U``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:491 +msgid "" +"Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal " +"number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are " +"considered to be in week 0." +msgstr "十进制数 [00,53] 表示的一年中的周数（星期日作为一周的第一天）。 在第一个星期日之前的新年中的所有日子都被认为是在第 0 周。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:491 ../../library/time.rst:505 +msgid "\\(4)" +msgstr "\\(4)" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:499 +msgid "``%u``" +msgstr "``%u``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:499 +msgid "Day of the week (Monday is 1; Sunday is 7) as a decimal number [1, 7]." +msgstr "以十进制数 [1, 7] 表示的日期值（星期一为 1；星期日为 7）。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:502 +msgid "``%w``" +msgstr "``%w``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:502 +msgid "Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6]." +msgstr "十进制数 [0(星期日),6] 表示的周中日。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:505 +msgid "``%W``" +msgstr "``%W``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal " +"number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are " +"considered to be in week 0." +msgstr "十进制数 [00,53] 表示的一年中的周数（星期一作为一周的第一天）。 在第一个星期一之前的新年中的所有日子被认为是在第 0 周。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:513 +msgid "``%x``" +msgstr "``%x``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:513 +msgid "Locale's appropriate date representation." +msgstr "本地化的适当日期表示。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:516 +msgid "``%X``" +msgstr "``%X``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:516 +msgid "Locale's appropriate time representation." +msgstr "本地化的适当时间表示。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:519 +msgid "``%y``" +msgstr "``%y``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:519 +msgid "Year without century as a decimal number [00,99]." +msgstr "十进制数 [00,99] 表示的没有世纪的年份。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:522 +msgid "``%Y``" +msgstr "``%Y``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:522 +msgid "Year with century as a decimal number." +msgstr "十进制数表示的带世纪的年份。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:525 +msgid "``%z``" +msgstr "``%z``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:525 +msgid "" +"Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from " +"UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits " +"and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59]. [1]_" +msgstr "" +"时区偏移以格式 +HHMM 或 -HHMM 形式的 UTC/GMT 的正或负时差指示，其中H表示十进制小时数字，M表示小数分钟数字 [-23:59, " +"+23:59] 。[1]_" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:531 +msgid "``%Z``" +msgstr "``%Z``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists). Deprecated. [1]_" +msgstr "时区名称（如果不存在时区，则不包含字符）。已弃用。 [1]_" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:534 +msgid "``%G``" +msgstr "``%G``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:534 +msgid "" +"ISO 8601 year (similar to ``%Y`` but follows the rules for the ISO 8601 " +"calendar year). The year starts with the week that contains the first " +"Thursday of the calendar year." +msgstr "" +"ISO 8601 年份（类似于 ``%Y`` 但遵循针对 ISO 8601 日历年份的规则）。 此年份从包含日历年份的第一个星期六的星期开始。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:539 +msgid "``%V``" +msgstr "``%V``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:539 +msgid "" +"ISO 8601 week number (as a decimal number [01,53]). The first week of the " +"year is the one that contains the first Thursday of the year. Weeks start on" +" Monday." +msgstr "" +"ISO 8601 星期序号（以十进制数 [01,53] 表示）。 每年的第一个星期是包含该年的第一个星期六的星期。 每星期的第一天为星期一。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:544 +msgid "``%%``" +msgstr "``%%``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:544 +msgid "A literal ``'%'`` character." +msgstr "字面的 ``'%'`` 字符。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:547 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:550 +msgid "" +"The ``%f`` format directive only applies to :func:`strptime`, not to " +":func:`strftime`. However, see also :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime` and " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.strftime` where the ``%f`` format directive " +":ref:`applies to microseconds `." +msgstr "" +"``%f`` 格式指示符只应用于 :func:`strptime`，而不应用于 :func:`strftime`。 不过，请参看 " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime` 和 :meth:`datetime.datetime.strftime`，在这里 " +"``%f`` 格式指示符 :ref:`应用于微秒数 `。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:556 +msgid "" +"When used with the :func:`strptime` function, the ``%p`` directive only " +"affects the output hour field if the ``%I`` directive is used to parse the " +"hour." +msgstr "当与 :func:`strptime` 函数一起使用时，如果使用 ``%I`` 指令来解析小时， ``%p`` 指令只影响输出小时字段。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:562 +msgid "" +"The range really is ``0`` to ``61``; value ``60`` is valid in timestamps " +"representing `leap seconds`_ and value ``61`` is supported for historical " +"reasons." +msgstr "" +"范围真的是 ``0`` 到 ``61`` ；值 ``60`` 在表示 `leap seconds`_ 的时间戳中有效，并且由于历史原因支持值 " +"``61`` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:567 +msgid "" +"When used with the :func:`strptime` function, ``%U`` and ``%W`` are only " +"used in calculations when the day of the week and the year are specified." +msgstr "当与 :func:`strptime` 函数一起使用时， ``%U`` 和 ``%W`` 仅用于指定星期几和年份的计算。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:570 +msgid "" +"Here is an example, a format for dates compatible with that specified in " +"the :rfc:`2822` Internet email standard. [1]_ ::" +msgstr "下面是一个示例，一个与 :rfc:`2822` Internet电子邮件标准以兼容的日期格式。 [1]_ ::" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:573 +msgid "" +">>> from time import gmtime, strftime\n" +">>> strftime(\"%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000\", gmtime())\n" +"'Thu, 28 Jun 2001 14:17:15 +0000'" +msgstr "" +">>> from time import gmtime, strftime\n" +">>> strftime(\"%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000\", gmtime())\n" +"'Thu, 28 Jun 2001 14:17:15 +0000'" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:577 +msgid "" +"Additional directives may be supported on certain platforms, but only the " +"ones listed here have a meaning standardized by ANSI C. To see the full set" +" of format codes supported on your platform, consult the " +":manpage:`strftime(3)` documentation." +msgstr "" +"某些平台可能支持其他指令，但只有此处列出的指令具有 ANSI C 标准化的含义。要查看平台支持的完整格式代码集，请参阅 " +":manpage:`strftime(3)` 文档。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:582 +msgid "" +"On some platforms, an optional field width and precision specification can " +"immediately follow the initial ``'%'`` of a directive in the following " +"order; this is also not portable. The field width is normally 2 except for " +"``%j`` where it is 3." +msgstr "" +"在某些平台上，可选的字段宽度和精度规范可以按照以下顺序紧跟在指令的初始 ``'%'`` 之后；这也不可移植。字段宽度通常为2，除了 ``%j`` " +"，它是3。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:593 +msgid "" +"Parse a string representing a time according to a format. The return value " +"is a :class:`struct_time` as returned by :func:`gmtime` or " +":func:`localtime`." +msgstr "" +"根据格式解析表示时间的字符串。 返回值为一个被 :func:`gmtime` 或 :func:`localtime` 返回的 " +":class:`struct_time` 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:597 +msgid "" +"The *format* parameter uses the same directives as those used by " +":func:`strftime`; it defaults to ``\"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y\"`` which matches " +"the formatting returned by :func:`ctime`. If *string* cannot be parsed " +"according to *format*, or if it has excess data after parsing, " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised. The default values used to fill in any missing " +"data when more accurate values cannot be inferred are ``(1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, " +"0, 0, 1, -1)``. Both *string* and *format* must be strings." +msgstr "" +"*format* 参数使用与 :func:`strftime` 相同的指令。 它默认为匹配 :func:`ctime` 所返回的格式 ``\"%a %b" +" %d %H:%M:%S %Y\"``` 。 如果 *string* 不能根据 *format* 来解析，或者解析后它有多余的数据，则会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 当无法推断出更准确的值时，用于填充任何缺失数据的默认值是 ``(1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, " +"1, -1)`` 。 *string* 和 *format* 都必须为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:605 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:612 +msgid "" +"Support for the ``%Z`` directive is based on the values contained in " +"``tzname`` and whether ``daylight`` is true. Because of this, it is " +"platform-specific except for recognizing UTC and GMT which are always known " +"(and are considered to be non-daylight savings timezones)." +msgstr "" +"支持 ``%Z`` 指令是基于 ``tzname`` 中包含的值以及 ``daylight`` 是否为真。因此，它是特定于平台的，除了识别始终已知的 " +"UTC 和 GMT （并且被认为是非夏令时时区）。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:617 +msgid "" +"Only the directives specified in the documentation are supported. Because " +"``strftime()`` is implemented per platform it can sometimes offer more " +"directives than those listed. But ``strptime()`` is independent of any " +"platform and thus does not necessarily support all directives available that" +" are not documented as supported." +msgstr "" +"仅支持文档中指定的指令。因为每个平台都实现了 ``strftime()`` ，它有时会提供比列出的指令更多的指令。但是 ``strptime()`` " +"独立于任何平台，因此不一定支持所有未记录为支持的可用指令。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:626 +msgid "" +"The type of the time value sequence returned by :func:`gmtime`, " +":func:`localtime`, and :func:`strptime`. It is an object with a " +":term:`named tuple` interface: values can be accessed by index and by " +"attribute name. The following values are present:" +msgstr "" +"返回的时间值序列的类型为 :func:`gmtime` 、 :func:`localtime` 和 :func:`strptime` 。它是一个带有 " +":term:`named tuple` 接口的对象：可以通过索引和属性名访问值。 存在以下值：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:633 +msgid "Index" +msgstr "索引" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:634 +msgid "Attribute" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:635 +msgid "Values" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:637 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:639 +msgid "(for example, 1993)" +msgstr "（例如，1993）" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:641 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:643 +msgid "range [1, 12]" +msgstr "range [1, 12]" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:645 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:647 +msgid "range [1, 31]" +msgstr "range [1, 31]" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:649 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:651 +msgid "range [0, 23]" +msgstr "range [0, 23]" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:653 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:655 +msgid "range [0, 59]" +msgstr "range [0, 59]" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:657 +msgid "5" +msgstr "5" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:659 +msgid "range [0, 61]; see :ref:`Note (2) ` in :func:`strftime`" +msgstr "range [0, 61]；参见 :func:`strftime` 中的 :ref:`注释 (2) `" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:661 +msgid "6" +msgstr "6" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:663 +msgid "range [0, 6]; Monday is 0" +msgstr "取值范围 [0, 6]；周一为 0" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:665 +msgid "7" +msgstr "7" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:667 +msgid "range [1, 366]" +msgstr "range [1, 366]" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:669 +msgid "8" +msgstr "8" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:671 +msgid "0, 1 or -1; see below" +msgstr "0, 1 或 -1；如下所示" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:673 ../../library/time.rst:677 +msgid "N/A" +msgstr "N/A" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:675 +msgid "abbreviation of timezone name" +msgstr "时区名称的缩写" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:679 +msgid "offset east of UTC in seconds" +msgstr "以秒为单位的UTC以东偏离" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:681 +msgid "" +"Note that unlike the C structure, the month value is a range of [1, 12], not" +" [0, 11]." +msgstr "请注意，与C结构不同，月份值是 [1,12] 的范围，而不是 [0,11] 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:684 +msgid "" +"In calls to :func:`mktime`, :attr:`tm_isdst` may be set to 1 when daylight " +"savings time is in effect, and 0 when it is not. A value of -1 indicates " +"that this is not known, and will usually result in the correct state being " +"filled in." +msgstr "" +"在调用 :func:`mktime` 时， :attr:`tm_isdst` 可以在夏令时生效时设置为1，而在夏令时不生效时设置为0。 " +"值-1表示这是未知的，并且通常会导致填写正确的状态。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:688 +msgid "" +"When a tuple with an incorrect length is passed to a function expecting a " +":class:`struct_time`, or having elements of the wrong type, a " +":exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"当一个长度不正确的元组被传递给期望 :class:`struct_time` 的函数，或者具有错误类型的元素时，会引发 :exc:`TypeError`" +" 。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:694 +msgid "" +"Return the time in seconds since the epoch_ as a floating-point number. The " +"handling of `leap seconds`_ is platform dependent. On Windows and most Unix " +"systems, the leap seconds are not counted towards the time in seconds since " +"the epoch_. This is commonly referred to as `Unix time " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"返回以浮点数表示的从 epoch_ 开始的秒数形式的时间。 对 `leap seconds`_ 的处理取决于具体平台。 在 Windows 和大多数 " +"Unix 系统中，闰秒不会被计入从 epoch_ 开始的秒数形式的时间中。 这通常被称为 `Unix 时间 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:700 +msgid "" +"Note that even though the time is always returned as a floating-point " +"number, not all systems provide time with a better precision than 1 second. " +"While this function normally returns non-decreasing values, it can return a " +"lower value than a previous call if the system clock has been set back " +"between the two calls." +msgstr "" +"请注意，即使时间总是作为浮点数返回，但并非所有系统都提供高于1秒的精度。虽然此函数通常返回非递减值，但如果在两次调用之间设置了系统时钟，则它可以返回比先前调用更低的值。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:706 +msgid "" +"The number returned by :func:`.time` may be converted into a more common " +"time format (i.e. year, month, day, hour, etc...) in UTC by passing it to " +":func:`gmtime` function or in local time by passing it to the " +":func:`localtime` function. In both cases a :class:`struct_time` object is " +"returned, from which the components of the calendar date may be accessed as " +"attributes." +msgstr "" +"返回的数字 :func:`.time` 可以通过将其传递给 :func:`gmtime` " +"函数或转换为UTC中更常见的时间格式（即年、月、日、小时等）或通过将它传递给 :func:`localtime` " +"函数获得本地时间。在这两种情况下都返回一个 :class:`struct_time` 对象，日历日期组件可以从中作为属性访问。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:715 +msgid "On Windows, call ``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()``." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，调用 ``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:716 +msgid "Call ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME)`` if available." +msgstr "如果可能则调用 ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME)``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:717 +msgid "Otherwise, call ``gettimeofday()``." +msgstr "在其他情况下，调用 ``gettimeofday()``。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`time_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the :class:`float`" +" type." +msgstr "使用 :func:`time_ns` 以避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:725 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`~time.time` but returns time as an integer number of " +"nanoseconds since the epoch_." +msgstr "与 :func:`~time.time` 相似，但返回时间为用整数表示的自 epoch_ 以来所经过的纳秒数。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:738 +msgid "" +"Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and user " +"CPU time of the current thread. It does not include time elapsed during " +"sleep. It is thread-specific by definition. The reference point of the " +"returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the results" +" of two calls in the same thread is valid." +msgstr "" +"（以小数表示的秒为单位）返回当前线程的系统和用户 CPU 时间的总计值。 它不包括睡眠状态所消耗的时间。 根据定义它只作用于线程范围。 " +"返回值的参考点未被定义，因此只有两次调用之间的差值才是有效的。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:744 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`thread_time_ns` to avoid the precision loss caused by the " +":class:`float` type." +msgstr "使用 :func:`thread_time_ns` 以避免 :class:`float` 类型导致的精度损失。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:749 +msgid "Unix systems supporting ``CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID``." +msgstr "支持 ``CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID`` 的 Unix 系统。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:756 +msgid "Similar to :func:`thread_time` but return time as nanoseconds." +msgstr "与 :func:`thread_time` 相似，但返回纳秒时间。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:763 +msgid "" +"Reset the time conversion rules used by the library routines. The " +"environment variable :envvar:`TZ` specifies how this is done. It will also " +"set the variables ``tzname`` (from the :envvar:`TZ` environment variable), " +"``timezone`` (non-DST seconds West of UTC), ``altzone`` (DST seconds west of" +" UTC) and ``daylight`` (to 0 if this timezone does not have any daylight " +"saving time rules, or to nonzero if there is a time, past, present or future" +" when daylight saving time applies)." +msgstr "" +"重置库例程使用的时间转换规则。环境变量 :envvar:`TZ` 指定如何完成。它还将设置变量 ``tzname`` （来自 :envvar:`TZ` " +"环境变量）， ``timezone`` （UTC的西部非DST秒）， ``altzone`` （UTC以西的DST秒）和 ``daylight`` " +"（如果此时区没有任何夏令时规则则为0，如果有夏令时适用的时间，无论过去、现在或未来，则为非零）。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:775 +msgid "" +"Although in many cases, changing the :envvar:`TZ` environment variable may " +"affect the output of functions like :func:`localtime` without calling " +":func:`tzset`, this behavior should not be relied on." +msgstr "" +"虽然在很多情况下，更改 :envvar:`TZ` 环境变量而不调用 :func:`tzset` 可能会影响函数的输出，例如 " +":func:`localtime` ，不应该依赖此行为。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:779 +msgid "The :envvar:`TZ` environment variable should contain no whitespace." +msgstr ":envvar:`TZ` 不应该包含空格。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:781 +msgid "" +"The standard format of the :envvar:`TZ` environment variable is (whitespace " +"added for clarity)::" +msgstr ":envvar:`TZ` 环境变量的标准格式是（为了清晰起见，添加了空格）::" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:784 +msgid "std offset [dst [offset [,start[/time], end[/time]]]]" +msgstr "std offset [dst [offset [,start[/time], end[/time]]]]" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:786 +msgid "Where the components are:" +msgstr "组件的位置是：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:788 +msgid "``std`` and ``dst``" +msgstr "``std`` 和 ``dst``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:789 +msgid "" +"Three or more alphanumerics giving the timezone abbreviations. These will be" +" propagated into time.tzname" +msgstr "三个或更多字母数字，给出时区缩写。这些将传到 time.tzname" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:792 +msgid "``offset``" +msgstr "``offset``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:793 +msgid "" +"The offset has the form: ``± hh[:mm[:ss]]``. This indicates the value added " +"the local time to arrive at UTC. If preceded by a '-', the timezone is east" +" of the Prime Meridian; otherwise, it is west. If no offset follows dst, " +"summer time is assumed to be one hour ahead of standard time." +msgstr "" +"偏移量的形式为： ``± hh[:mm[:ss]]`` 。这表示添加到达UTC的本地时间的值。如果前面有 '-' " +"，则时区位于本初子午线的东边；否则，在它是西边。如果dst之后没有偏移，则假设夏令时比标准时间提前一小时。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:798 +msgid "``start[/time], end[/time]``" +msgstr "``start[/time], end[/time]``" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:799 +msgid "" +"Indicates when to change to and back from DST. The format of the start and " +"end dates are one of the following:" +msgstr "指示何时更改为DST和从DST返回。开始日期和结束日期的格式为以下之一：" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:802 +msgid ":samp:`J{n}`" +msgstr ":samp:`J{n}`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:803 +msgid "" +"The Julian day *n* (1 <= *n* <= 365). Leap days are not counted, so in all " +"years February 28 is day 59 and March 1 is day 60." +msgstr "Julian日 *n* （1 <= *n* <= 365）。闰日不计算在内，因此在所有年份中，2月28日是第59天，3月1日是第60天。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:806 +msgid ":samp:`{n}`" +msgstr ":samp:`{n}`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:807 +msgid "" +"The zero-based Julian day (0 <= *n* <= 365). Leap days are counted, and it " +"is possible to refer to February 29." +msgstr "从零开始的Julian日（0 <= *n* <= 365）。 闰日计入，可以引用2月29日。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:810 +msgid ":samp:`M{m}.{n}.{d}`" +msgstr ":samp:`M{m}.{n}.{d}`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:811 +msgid "" +"The *d*'th day (0 <= *d* <= 6) of week *n* of month *m* of the year (1 <= " +"*n* <= 5, 1 <= *m* <= 12, where week 5 means \"the last *d* day in month " +"*m*\" which may occur in either the fourth or the fifth week). Week 1 is the" +" first week in which the *d*'th day occurs. Day zero is a Sunday." +msgstr "" +"一年中 *m* 月的第 *n* 周（1 <= *n* <= 5 ，1 <= *m* <= 12 ，第 5 周表示 “可能在 *m* 月第 4 周或第 5" +" 周出现的最后第 *d* 日”）的第 *d* 天（0 <= *d* <= 6）。 第 1 周是第 *d* 天发生的第一周。 第 0 天是星期天。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:817 +msgid "" +"``time`` has the same format as ``offset`` except that no leading sign ('-' " +"or '+') is allowed. The default, if time is not given, is 02:00:00." +msgstr "" +"``time`` 的格式与 ``offset`` 的格式相同，但不允许使用前导符号（ '-' 或 '+' " +"）。如果没有给出时间，则默认值为02:00:00。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:822 +msgid "" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'EST+05EDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.strftime('%X %x %Z')\n" +"'02:07:36 05/08/03 EDT'\n" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'AEST-10AEDT-11,M10.5.0,M3.5.0'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.strftime('%X %x %Z')\n" +"'16:08:12 05/08/03 AEST'" +msgstr "" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'EST+05EDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.strftime('%X %x %Z')\n" +"'02:07:36 05/08/03 EDT'\n" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'AEST-10AEDT-11,M10.5.0,M3.5.0'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.strftime('%X %x %Z')\n" +"'16:08:12 05/08/03 AEST'" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:831 +msgid "" +"On many Unix systems (including \\*BSD, Linux, Solaris, and Darwin), it is " +"more convenient to use the system's zoneinfo (:manpage:`tzfile(5)`) " +"database to specify the timezone rules. To do this, set the :envvar:`TZ` " +"environment variable to the path of the required timezone datafile, " +"relative to the root of the systems 'zoneinfo' timezone database, usually " +"located at :file:`/usr/share/zoneinfo`. For example, ``'US/Eastern'``, " +"``'Australia/Melbourne'``, ``'Egypt'`` or ``'Europe/Amsterdam'``. ::" +msgstr "" +"在许多Unix系统（包括 \\*BSD ， Linux ， Solaris 和 Darwin 上），使用系统的区域信息（ " +":manpage:`tzfile(5)` ）数据库来指定时区规则会更方便。为此，将 :envvar:`TZ` " +"环境变量设置为所需时区数据文件的路径，相对于系统 'zoneinfo' 时区数据库的根目录，通常位于 " +":file:`/usr/share/zoneinfo` 。 例如，``'US/Eastern'`` 、 " +"``'Australia/Melbourne'`` 、 ``'Egypt'`` 或 ``'Europe/Amsterdam'``。 ::" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:839 +msgid "" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'US/Eastern'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.tzname\n" +"('EST', 'EDT')\n" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'Egypt'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.tzname\n" +"('EET', 'EEST')" +msgstr "" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'US/Eastern'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.tzname\n" +"('EST', 'EDT')\n" +">>> os.environ['TZ'] = 'Egypt'\n" +">>> time.tzset()\n" +">>> time.tzname\n" +"('EET', 'EEST')" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:852 +msgid "Clock ID Constants" +msgstr "Clock ID 常量" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:854 +msgid "" +"These constants are used as parameters for :func:`clock_getres` and " +":func:`clock_gettime`." +msgstr "这些常量用作 :func:`clock_getres` 和 :func:`clock_gettime` 的参数。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:859 +msgid "" +"Identical to :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC`, except it also includes any time that " +"the system is suspended." +msgstr "与 :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC` 相同，除了它还包括系统暂停的任何时间。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:862 +msgid "" +"This allows applications to get a suspend-aware monotonic clock without " +"having to deal with the complications of :data:`CLOCK_REALTIME`, which may " +"have discontinuities if the time is changed using ``settimeofday()`` or " +"similar." +msgstr "" +"这允许应用程序获得一个暂停感知的单调时钟，而不必处理 :data:`CLOCK_REALTIME` 的复杂性，如果使用 " +"``settimeofday()`` 或类似的时间更改时间可能会有不连续性。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:874 +msgid "" +"The Solaris OS has a ``CLOCK_HIGHRES`` timer that attempts to use an optimal" +" hardware source, and may give close to nanosecond resolution. " +"``CLOCK_HIGHRES`` is the nonadjustable, high-resolution clock." +msgstr "" +"Solaris OS 有一个 ``CLOCK_HIGHRES`` 计时器，试图使用最佳硬件源，并可能提供接近纳秒的分辨率。 " +"``CLOCK_HIGHRES`` 是不可调节的高分辨率时钟。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:885 +msgid "" +"Clock that cannot be set and represents monotonic time since some " +"unspecified starting point." +msgstr "无法设置的时钟，表示自某些未指定的起点以来的单调时间。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:895 +msgid "" +"Similar to :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC`, but provides access to a raw hardware-" +"based time that is not subject to NTP adjustments." +msgstr "类似于 :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC` ，但可以访问不受NTP调整影响的原始硬件时间。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:904 +msgid "" +"Similar to :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW`, but reads a value cached by the " +"system at context switch and hence has less accuracy." +msgstr "类似于 :data:`CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW`，但在上下文切换时将读取由系统缓存的值因此会不够精确。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:914 ../../library/time.rst:923 +msgid "High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU." +msgstr "来自CPU的高分辨率每进程计时器。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:931 +msgid "" +"`International Atomic Time `_" +msgstr "" +"`国际原子时间 `_" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:933 +msgid "" +"The system must have a current leap second table in order for this to give " +"the correct answer. PTP or NTP software can maintain a leap second table." +msgstr "该系统必须有一个当前闰秒表以便能给出正确的回答。 PTP 或 NTP 软件可以用来维护闰秒表。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:942 +msgid "Thread-specific CPU-time clock." +msgstr "特定于线程的CPU时钟。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:951 +msgid "" +"Time whose absolute value is the time the system has been running and not " +"suspended, providing accurate uptime measurement, both absolute and " +"interval." +msgstr "该时间的绝对值是系统运行且未暂停的时间，提供准确的正常运行时间测量，包括绝对值和间隔值。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:962 +msgid "" +"Clock that increments monotonically, tracking the time since an arbitrary " +"point, unaffected by frequency or time adjustments and not incremented while" +" the system is asleep." +msgstr "单调递增的时钟，记录从一个任意起点开始的时间，不受频率或时间调整的影响，并且当系统休眠时将不会递增。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:972 +msgid "" +"Like :data:`CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW`, but the value is cached by the system at " +"context switches and therefore has less accuracy." +msgstr "类似于 :data:`CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW`，但该值在上下文切换时将由系统缓存因此会不够精确。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:979 +msgid "" +"The following constant is the only parameter that can be sent to " +":func:`clock_settime`." +msgstr "以下常量是唯一可以发送到 :func:`clock_settime` 的参数。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:985 +msgid "" +"System-wide real-time clock. Setting this clock requires appropriate " +"privileges." +msgstr "系统范围的实时时钟。 设置此时钟需要适当的权限。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:996 +msgid "Timezone Constants" +msgstr "时区常量" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"The offset of the local DST timezone, in seconds west of UTC, if one is " +"defined. This is negative if the local DST timezone is east of UTC (as in " +"Western Europe, including the UK). Only use this if ``daylight`` is " +"nonzero. See note below." +msgstr "" +"本地DST时区的偏移量，以UTC为单位的秒数，如果已定义。如果当地DST时区在UTC以东（如在西欧，包括英国），则是负数。 只有当 " +"``daylight`` 非零时才使用它。 见下面的注释。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1006 +msgid "Nonzero if a DST timezone is defined. See note below." +msgstr "如果定义了DST时区，则为非零。 见下面的注释。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"The offset of the local (non-DST) timezone, in seconds west of UTC (negative" +" in most of Western Europe, positive in the US, zero in the UK). See note " +"below." +msgstr "本地（非DST）时区的偏移量，UTC以西的秒数（西欧大部分地区为负，美国为正，英国为零）。 见下面的注释。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"A tuple of two strings: the first is the name of the local non-DST timezone," +" the second is the name of the local DST timezone. If no DST timezone is " +"defined, the second string should not be used. See note below." +msgstr "" +"两个字符串的元组：第一个是本地非DST时区的名称，第二个是本地DST时区的名称。 如果未定义DST时区，则不应使用第二个字符串。 见下面的注释。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1021 +msgid "" +"For the above Timezone constants (:data:`altzone`, :data:`daylight`, " +":data:`timezone`, and :data:`tzname`), the value is determined by the " +"timezone rules in effect at module load time or the last time :func:`tzset` " +"is called and may be incorrect for times in the past. It is recommended to " +"use the :attr:`~struct_time.tm_gmtoff` and :attr:`~struct_time.tm_zone` " +"results from :func:`localtime` to obtain timezone information." +msgstr "" +"对于上述时区常量 (:data:`altzone`, :data:`daylight`, :data:`timezone` 和 " +":data:`tzname`)，该值由当模块加载或 :func:`tzset` 最后一次被调用时生效的时区规则确定并且对于已过去的时间可能不正确。 " +"建议使用来自 :func:`localtime` 结果的 :attr:`~struct_time.tm_gmtoff` 和 " +":attr:`~struct_time.tm_zone` 来获取时区信息。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1030 +msgid "Module :mod:`datetime`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`datetime`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1031 +msgid "More object-oriented interface to dates and times." +msgstr "更多面向对象的日期和时间接口。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1033 +msgid "Module :mod:`locale`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`locale`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"Internationalization services. The locale setting affects the " +"interpretation of many format specifiers in :func:`strftime` and " +":func:`strptime`." +msgstr "国际化服务。 区域设置会影响 :func:`strftime` 和 :func:`strptime` 中许多格式说明符的解析。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1037 +msgid "Module :mod:`calendar`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`calendar`" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1038 +msgid "" +"General calendar-related functions. :func:`~calendar.timegm` is the " +"inverse of :func:`gmtime` from this module." +msgstr "一般日历相关功能。这个模块的 :func:`~dalendar.timegm` 是函数 :func:`gmtime` 的反函数。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1042 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"The use of ``%Z`` is now deprecated, but the ``%z`` escape that expands to " +"the preferred hour/minute offset is not supported by all ANSI C libraries. " +"Also, a strict reading of the original 1982 :rfc:`822` standard calls for a " +"two-digit year (``%y`` rather than ``%Y``), but practice moved to 4-digit " +"years long before the year 2000. After that, :rfc:`822` became obsolete and" +" the 4-digit year has been first recommended by :rfc:`1123` and then " +"mandated by :rfc:`2822`." +msgstr "" +"现在不推荐使用 ``%Z`` ，但是所有 ANSI C 库都不支持扩展为首选小时/分钟偏移量的 ``%z`` 转义符。 此外，严格的 1982 年原始 " +":rfc:`822` 标准要求两位数的年份（ ``%y`` 而不是 ``%Y`` ），但是实际在2000年之前很久就转移到了4位数年。之后， " +":rfc:`822` 已经废弃了，4位数的年份首先被推荐 :rfc:`1123` ，然后被 :rfc:`2822` 强制执行。" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:22 +msgid "epoch" +msgstr "epoch" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:36 +msgid "Year 2038" +msgstr "2038 年" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:42 +msgid "2-digit years" +msgstr "2 位数表示年份" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:50 +msgid "UTC" +msgstr "UTC" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:50 +msgid "Coordinated Universal Time" +msgstr "Coordinated Universal Time" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:50 +msgid "Greenwich Mean Time" +msgstr "Greenwich Mean Time" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:63 +msgid "Daylight Saving Time" +msgstr "Daylight Saving Time" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:323 ../../library/time.rst:358 +#: ../../library/time.rst:733 +msgid "benchmarking" +msgstr "benchmarking" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:358 ../../library/time.rst:733 +msgid "CPU time" +msgstr "CPU time" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:358 ../../library/time.rst:733 +msgid "processor time" +msgstr "processor time" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:429 ../../library/time.rst:588 +msgid "% (percent)" +msgstr "% (百分号)" + +#: ../../library/time.rst:429 ../../library/time.rst:588 +msgid "datetime format" +msgstr "日期时间格式" diff --git a/library/timeit.po b/library/timeit.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c4d73ff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/timeit.po @@ -0,0 +1,633 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!timeit` --- Measure execution time of small code snippets" +msgstr ":mod:`!timeit` --- 测量小代码片段的执行时间" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/timeit.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/timeit.py`" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This module provides a simple way to time small bits of Python code. It has " +"both a :ref:`timeit-command-line-interface` as well as a :ref:`callable " +"` one. It avoids a number of common traps for measuring " +"execution times. See also Tim Peters' introduction to the \"Algorithms\" " +"chapter in the second edition of *Python Cookbook*, published by O'Reilly." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了一种简单的方法来计算一小段 Python 代码的耗时。 它有 :ref:`timeit-command-line-interface` " +"以及一个 :ref:`可调用 ` 方法。 它避免了许多测量时间的常见陷阱。 另见 Tim Peter 在 " +"O'Reilly 出版的 *Python Cookbook* 第二版中“算法”章节的概述。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:23 +msgid "Basic Examples" +msgstr "基本示例" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The following example shows how the :ref:`timeit-command-line-interface` can" +" be used to compare three different expressions:" +msgstr "以下示例显示了如何使用 :ref:`timeit-command-line-interface` 来比较三个不同的表达式：" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:28 +msgid "" +"$ python -m timeit \"'-'.join(str(n) for n in range(100))\"\n" +"10000 loops, best of 5: 30.2 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"'-'.join([str(n) for n in range(100)])\"\n" +"10000 loops, best of 5: 27.5 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"'-'.join(map(str, range(100)))\"\n" +"10000 loops, best of 5: 23.2 usec per loop" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m timeit \"'-'.join(str(n) for n in range(100))\"\n" +"10000 loops, best of 5: 30.2 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"'-'.join([str(n) for n in range(100)])\"\n" +"10000 loops, best of 5: 27.5 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"'-'.join(map(str, range(100)))\"\n" +"10000 loops, best of 5: 23.2 usec per loop" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:37 +msgid "This can be achieved from the :ref:`python-interface` with::" +msgstr "这可以通过 :ref:`python-interface` 实现 ::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:39 +msgid "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('\"-\".join(str(n) for n in range(100))', number=10000)\n" +"0.3018611848820001\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('\"-\".join([str(n) for n in range(100)])', number=10000)\n" +"0.2727368790656328\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('\"-\".join(map(str, range(100)))', number=10000)\n" +"0.23702679807320237" +msgstr "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('\"-\".join(str(n) for n in range(100))', number=10000)\n" +"0.3018611848820001\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('\"-\".join([str(n) for n in range(100)])', number=10000)\n" +"0.2727368790656328\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('\"-\".join(map(str, range(100)))', number=10000)\n" +"0.23702679807320237" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:47 +msgid "A callable can also be passed from the :ref:`python-interface`::" +msgstr "从 :ref:`python-interface` 还可以传出一个可调用对象::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:49 +msgid "" +">>> timeit.timeit(lambda: \"-\".join(map(str, range(100))), number=10000)\n" +"0.19665591977536678" +msgstr "" +">>> timeit.timeit(lambda: \"-\".join(map(str, range(100))), number=10000)\n" +"0.19665591977536678" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Note however that :func:`.timeit` will automatically determine the number of" +" repetitions only when the command-line interface is used. In the " +":ref:`timeit-examples` section you can find more advanced examples." +msgstr "" +"但请注意 :func:`.timeit` 仅在使用命令行界面时会自动确定重复次数。 在 :ref:`timeit-examples` " +"一节你可以找到更多的进阶示例。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:60 +msgid "Python Interface" +msgstr "Python 接口" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:62 +msgid "The module defines three convenience functions and a public class:" +msgstr "该模块定义了三个便利函数和一个公共类：" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`Timer` instance with the given statement, *setup* code and " +"*timer* function and run its :meth:`.timeit` method with *number* " +"executions. The optional *globals* argument specifies a namespace in which " +"to execute the code." +msgstr "" +"使用给定语句、 *setup* 代码和 *timer* 函数创建一个 :class:`Timer` 实例，并执行 *number* 次其 " +":meth:`.timeit` 方法。可选的 *globals* 参数指定用于执行代码的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:72 ../../library/timeit.rst:83 +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:122 +msgid "The optional *globals* parameter was added." +msgstr "添加可选参数 *globals* 。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Create a :class:`Timer` instance with the given statement, *setup* code and " +"*timer* function and run its :meth:`.repeat` method with the given *repeat* " +"count and *number* executions. The optional *globals* argument specifies a " +"namespace in which to execute the code." +msgstr "" +"使用给定语句、 *setup* 代码和 *timer* 函数创建一个 :class:`Timer` 实例，并使用给定的 *repeat* 计数和 " +"*number* 执行运行其 :meth:`.repeat` 方法。可选的 *globals* 参数指定用于执行代码的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:86 ../../library/timeit.rst:183 +msgid "Default value of *repeat* changed from 3 to 5." +msgstr "*repeat* 的默认值由 3 更改为 5 。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:92 +msgid "" +"The default timer, which is always time.perf_counter(), returns float " +"seconds. An alternative, time.perf_counter_ns, returns integer nanoseconds." +msgstr "" +"默认计时器始终为 time.perf_counter()，它返回浮点形式的秒数。 另一个选择是 " +"time.perf_counter_ns，它返回整数形式的纳秒数。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:95 +msgid ":func:`time.perf_counter` is now the default timer." +msgstr ":func:`time.perf_counter` 现在是默认计时器。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:101 +msgid "Class for timing execution speed of small code snippets." +msgstr "用于小代码片段的计数执行速度的类。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:103 +msgid "" +"The constructor takes a statement to be timed, an additional statement used " +"for setup, and a timer function. Both statements default to ``'pass'``; the" +" timer function is platform-dependent (see the module doc string). *stmt* " +"and *setup* may also contain multiple statements separated by ``;`` or " +"newlines, as long as they don't contain multi-line string literals. The " +"statement will by default be executed within timeit's namespace; this " +"behavior can be controlled by passing a namespace to *globals*." +msgstr "" +"构造函数接受一个将计时的语句、一个用于设置的附加语句和一个定时器函数。两个语句都默认为 ``'pass'`` " +"；计时器函数与平台有关（请参阅模块文档字符串）。 *stmt* 和 *setup* 也可能包含多个以 ``;`` " +"或换行符分隔的语句，只要它们不包含多行字符串文字即可。该语句默认在 timeit 的命名空间内执行；可以通过将命名空间传递给 *globals* " +"来控制此行为。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:111 +msgid "" +"To measure the execution time of the first statement, use the " +":meth:`.timeit` method. The :meth:`.repeat` and :meth:`.autorange` methods " +"are convenience methods to call :meth:`.timeit` multiple times." +msgstr "" +"要测量第一个语句的执行时间，请使用 :meth:`.timeit` 方法。 :meth:`.repeat` 和 :meth:`.autorange` " +"方法是方便的方法来调用 :meth:`.timeit` 多次。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:115 +msgid "" +"The execution time of *setup* is excluded from the overall timed execution " +"run." +msgstr "*setup* 的执行时间从总体计时执行中排除。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The *stmt* and *setup* parameters can also take objects that are callable " +"without arguments. This will embed calls to them in a timer function that " +"will then be executed by :meth:`.timeit`. Note that the timing overhead is " +"a little larger in this case because of the extra function calls." +msgstr "" +"*stmt* 和 *setup* 参数也可以使用不带参数的可调用对象。这将在一个计时器函数中嵌入对它们的调用，然后由 :meth:`.timeit` " +"执行。请注意，由于额外的函数调用，在这种情况下，计时开销会略大一些。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Time *number* executions of the main statement. This executes the setup " +"statement once, and then returns the time it takes to execute the main " +"statement a number of times. The default timer returns seconds as a float. " +"The argument is the number of times through the loop, defaulting to one " +"million. The main statement, the setup statement and the timer function to " +"be used are passed to the constructor." +msgstr "" +"主语句执行次数 *number*。 这会执行一次设置语句，然后返回执行主语句若干次所需的时间。 默认计时器以浮点形式返回秒数。 " +"参数是循环的次数，默认为一百万次。 主语句、设置语句和要使用的定时器函数都将被传递给构造器。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:136 +msgid "" +"By default, :meth:`.timeit` temporarily turns off :term:`garbage collection`" +" during the timing. The advantage of this approach is that it makes " +"independent timings more comparable. The disadvantage is that GC may be an " +"important component of the performance of the function being measured. If " +"so, GC can be re-enabled as the first statement in the *setup* string. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下， :meth:`.timeit` 暂时关闭 :term:`garbage collection` " +"。这种方法的优点在于它使独立时序更具可比性。缺点是GC可能是所测量功能性能的重要组成部分。如果是这样，可以在 *setup* " +"字符串中的第一个语句重新启用GC。例如::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:143 +msgid "timeit.Timer('for i in range(10): oct(i)', 'gc.enable()').timeit()" +msgstr "timeit.Timer('for i in range(10): oct(i)', 'gc.enable()').timeit()" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:148 +msgid "Automatically determine how many times to call :meth:`.timeit`." +msgstr "自动决定调用多少次 :meth:`.timeit` 。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:150 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function that calls :meth:`.timeit` repeatedly so that" +" the total time >= 0.2 second, returning the eventual (number of loops, time" +" taken for that number of loops). It calls :meth:`.timeit` with increasing " +"numbers from the sequence 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, ... until the time taken is " +"at least 0.2 seconds." +msgstr "" +"这是一个便利函数，它反复调用 :meth:`.timeit` 以使总耗时 >= 0.2 秒，返回最终结果（循环次数、循环的总耗时）。 它调用 " +":meth:`.timeit` 的次数以序列 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, ... 递增，直到所用时间至少为 0.2 秒。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:156 +msgid "" +"If *callback* is given and is not ``None``, it will be called after each " +"trial with two arguments: ``callback(number, time_taken)``." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *callback* 并且不是 ``None`` ，则在每次试验后将使用两个参数调用它： ``callback(number, " +"time_taken)`` 。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:164 +msgid "Call :meth:`.timeit` a few times." +msgstr "调用 :meth:`.timeit` 几次。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:166 +msgid "" +"This is a convenience function that calls the :meth:`.timeit` repeatedly, " +"returning a list of results. The first argument specifies how many times to" +" call :meth:`.timeit`. The second argument specifies the *number* argument " +"for :meth:`.timeit`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个方便的函数，它反复调用 :meth:`.timeit` ，返回结果列表。第一个参数指定调用 :meth:`.timeit` " +"的次数。第二个参数指定 :meth:`.timeit` 的 *number* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:173 +msgid "" +"It's tempting to calculate mean and standard deviation from the result " +"vector and report these. However, this is not very useful. In a typical " +"case, the lowest value gives a lower bound for how fast your machine can run" +" the given code snippet; higher values in the result vector are typically " +"not caused by variability in Python's speed, but by other processes " +"interfering with your timing accuracy. So the :func:`min` of the result is " +"probably the only number you should be interested in. After that, you " +"should look at the entire vector and apply common sense rather than " +"statistics." +msgstr "" +"从结果向量计算并报告平均值和标准差这些是很诱人的。但是，这不是很有用。在典型情况下，最低值给出了机器运行给定代码段的速度的下限；结果向量中较高的值通常不是由Python的速度变化引起的，而是由于其他过程干扰你的计时准确性。所以结果的" +" :func:`min` 可能是你应该感兴趣的唯一数字。之后，你应该看看整个向量并应用常识而不是统计。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:189 +msgid "Helper to print a traceback from the timed code." +msgstr "帮助程序从计时代码中打印回溯。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:191 +msgid "Typical use::" +msgstr "典型使用::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:193 +msgid "" +"t = Timer(...) # outside the try/except\n" +"try:\n" +" t.timeit(...) # or t.repeat(...)\n" +"except Exception:\n" +" t.print_exc()" +msgstr "" +"t = Timer(...) # 在 try/except 之外\n" +"try:\n" +" t.timeit(...) # 或 t.repeat(...)\n" +"except Exception:\n" +" t.print_exc()" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:199 +msgid "" +"The advantage over the standard traceback is that source lines in the " +"compiled template will be displayed. The optional *file* argument directs " +"where the traceback is sent; it defaults to :data:`sys.stderr`." +msgstr "" +"与标准回溯相比，优势在于将显示已编译模板中的源行。可选的 *file* 参数指向发送回溯的位置；它默认为 :data:`sys.stderr` 。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:207 +msgid "Command-Line Interface" +msgstr "命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:209 +msgid "" +"When called as a program from the command line, the following form is used::" +msgstr "从命令行调用程序时，使用以下表单::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:211 +msgid "" +"python -m timeit [-n N] [-r N] [-u U] [-s S] [-p] [-v] [-h] [statement ...]" +msgstr "" +"python -m timeit [-n N] [-r N] [-u U] [-s S] [-p] [-v] [-h] [statement ...]" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:213 +msgid "Where the following options are understood:" +msgstr "如果了解以下选项：" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:219 +msgid "how many times to execute 'statement'" +msgstr "执行 '语句' 多少次" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:223 +msgid "how many times to repeat the timer (default 5)" +msgstr "重复计时器的次数（默认为5）" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:227 +msgid "statement to be executed once initially (default ``pass``)" +msgstr "最初要执行一次的语句（默认为 ``pass`` ）" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:231 +msgid "" +"measure process time, not wallclock time, using :func:`time.process_time` " +"instead of :func:`time.perf_counter`, which is the default" +msgstr "" +"测量进程时间，而不是 wallclock 时间，使用 :func:`time.process_time` 而不是 " +":func:`time.perf_counter` ，这是默认值" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:238 +msgid "" +"specify a time unit for timer output; can select ``nsec``, ``usec``, " +"``msec``, or ``sec``" +msgstr "为定时器输出指定一个时间单位；可以选择 ``nsec``, ``usec``, ``msec`` 或 ``sec``" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:244 +msgid "print raw timing results; repeat for more digits precision" +msgstr "打印原始计时结果；重复更多位数精度" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:248 +msgid "print a short usage message and exit" +msgstr "打印一条简短的使用信息并退出" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:250 +msgid "" +"A multi-line statement may be given by specifying each line as a separate " +"statement argument; indented lines are possible by enclosing an argument in " +"quotes and using leading spaces. Multiple :option:`-s` options are treated " +"similarly." +msgstr "" +"可以通过将每一行指定为单独的语句参数来给出多行语句；通过在引号中包含参数并使用前导空格可以缩进行。多个 :option:`-s` 选项的处理方式相似。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:255 +msgid "" +"If :option:`-n` is not given, a suitable number of loops is calculated by " +"trying increasing numbers from the sequence 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, ... until " +"the total time is at least 0.2 seconds." +msgstr "" +"如果未给出 :option:`-n`，则会通过尝试按序列 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, ... " +"递增的数值来计算合适的循环次数，直到总计时间至少为 0.2 秒。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:259 +msgid "" +":func:`default_timer` measurements can be affected by other programs running" +" on the same machine, so the best thing to do when accurate timing is " +"necessary is to repeat the timing a few times and use the best time. The " +":option:`-r` option is good for this; the default of 5 repetitions is " +"probably enough in most cases. You can use :func:`time.process_time` to " +"measure CPU time." +msgstr "" +":func:`default_timer` 测量可能受到在同一台机器上运行的其他程序的影响，因此在需要精确计时时最好的做法是重复几次计时并使用最佳时间。" +" :option:`-r` 选项对此有利；在大多数情况下，默认的 5 次重复可能就足够了。 你可以使用 " +":func:`time.process_time` 来测量CPU时间。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:267 +msgid "" +"There is a certain baseline overhead associated with executing a pass " +"statement. The code here doesn't try to hide it, but you should be aware of " +"it. The baseline overhead can be measured by invoking the program without " +"arguments, and it might differ between Python versions." +msgstr "" +"执行 pass " +"语句会产生一定的基线开销。这里的代码不会试图隐藏它，但你应该知道它。可以通过不带参数调用程序来测量基线开销，并且Python版本之间可能会有所不同。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:276 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:278 +msgid "" +"It is possible to provide a setup statement that is executed only once at " +"the beginning:" +msgstr "可以提供一个在开头只执行一次的 setup 语句：" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:280 +msgid "" +"$ python -m timeit -s \"text = 'sample string'; char = 'g'\" \"char in text\"\n" +"5000000 loops, best of 5: 0.0877 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit -s \"text = 'sample string'; char = 'g'\" \"text.find(char)\"\n" +"1000000 loops, best of 5: 0.342 usec per loop" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m timeit -s \"text = 'sample string'; char = 'g'\" \"char in text\"\n" +"5000000 loops, best of 5: 0.0877 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit -s \"text = 'sample string'; char = 'g'\" \"text.find(char)\"\n" +"1000000 loops, best of 5: 0.342 usec per loop" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:287 +msgid "" +"In the output, there are three fields. The loop count, which tells you how " +"many times the statement body was run per timing loop repetition. The " +"repetition count ('best of 5') which tells you how many times the timing " +"loop was repeated, and finally the time the statement body took on average " +"within the best repetition of the timing loop. That is, the time the fastest" +" repetition took divided by the loop count." +msgstr "" +"在输出信息中，共有三个字段。 首先是 loop count，它告诉你每个计时循环重复运行了多少次语句体。 然后是 repetition count " +"('best of 5')，它告诉你计时循环重复了多少次，最后是语句体在计时循环重复中最好的平均耗时。 即最快一次重复的耗时除以循环计数。" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:296 +msgid "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('char in text', setup='text = \"sample string\"; char = \"g\"')\n" +"0.41440500499993504\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('text.find(char)', setup='text = \"sample string\"; char = \"g\"')\n" +"1.7246671520006203" +msgstr "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('char in text', setup='text = \"sample string\"; char = \"g\"')\n" +"0.41440500499993504\n" +">>> timeit.timeit('text.find(char)', setup='text = \"sample string\"; char = \"g\"')\n" +"1.7246671520006203" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:302 +msgid "The same can be done using the :class:`Timer` class and its methods::" +msgstr "使用 :class:`Timer` 类及其方法可以完成同样的操作::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:304 +msgid "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> t = timeit.Timer('char in text', setup='text = \"sample string\"; char = \"g\"')\n" +">>> t.timeit()\n" +"0.3955516149999312\n" +">>> t.repeat()\n" +"[0.40183617287970225, 0.37027556854118704, 0.38344867356679524, 0.3712595970846668, 0.37866875250654886]" +msgstr "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> t = timeit.Timer('char in text', setup='text = \"sample string\"; char = \"g\"')\n" +">>> t.timeit()\n" +"0.3955516149999312\n" +">>> t.repeat()\n" +"[0.40183617287970225, 0.37027556854118704, 0.38344867356679524, 0.3712595970846668, 0.37866875250654886]" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:312 +msgid "" +"The following examples show how to time expressions that contain multiple " +"lines. Here we compare the cost of using :func:`hasattr` vs. " +":keyword:`try`/:keyword:`except` to test for missing and present object " +"attributes:" +msgstr "" +"以下示例显示如何计算包含多行的表达式。 在这里我们对比使用 :func:`hasattr` 与 " +":keyword:`try`/:keyword:`except` 的开销来测试缺失与提供对象属性:" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:316 +msgid "" +"$ python -m timeit \"try:\" \" str.__bool__\" \"except AttributeError:\" \" pass\"\n" +"20000 loops, best of 5: 15.7 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"if hasattr(str, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +"50000 loops, best of 5: 4.26 usec per loop\n" +"\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"try:\" \" int.__bool__\" \"except AttributeError:\" \" pass\"\n" +"200000 loops, best of 5: 1.43 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"if hasattr(int, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +"100000 loops, best of 5: 2.23 usec per loop" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m timeit \"try:\" \" str.__bool__\" \"except AttributeError:\" \" pass\"\n" +"20000 loops, best of 5: 15.7 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"if hasattr(str, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +"50000 loops, best of 5: 4.26 usec per loop\n" +"\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"try:\" \" int.__bool__\" \"except AttributeError:\" \" pass\"\n" +"200000 loops, best of 5: 1.43 usec per loop\n" +"$ python -m timeit \"if hasattr(int, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +"100000 loops, best of 5: 2.23 usec per loop" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:330 +msgid "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> # attribute is missing\n" +">>> s = \"\"\"\\\n" +"... try:\n" +"... str.__bool__\n" +"... except AttributeError:\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.9138244460009446\n" +">>> s = \"if hasattr(str, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.5829014980008651\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # attribute is present\n" +">>> s = \"\"\"\\\n" +"... try:\n" +"... int.__bool__\n" +"... except AttributeError:\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.04215312199994514\n" +">>> s = \"if hasattr(int, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.08588060699912603" +msgstr "" +">>> import timeit\n" +">>> # 属性缺失\n" +">>> s = \"\"\"\\\n" +"... try:\n" +"... str.__bool__\n" +"... except AttributeError:\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.9138244460009446\n" +">>> s = \"if hasattr(str, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.5829014980008651\n" +">>>\n" +">>> # attribute is present\n" +">>> s = \"\"\"\\\n" +"... try:\n" +"... int.__bool__\n" +"... except AttributeError:\n" +"... pass\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.04215312199994514\n" +">>> s = \"if hasattr(int, '__bool__'): pass\"\n" +">>> timeit.timeit(stmt=s, number=100000)\n" +"0.08588060699912603" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:358 +msgid "" +"To give the :mod:`timeit` module access to functions you define, you can " +"pass a *setup* parameter which contains an import statement::" +msgstr "要让 :mod:`timeit` 模块访问你定义的函数，你可以传递一个包含 import 语句的 *setup* 参数::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:361 +msgid "" +"def test():\n" +" \"\"\"Stupid test function\"\"\"\n" +" L = [i for i in range(100)]\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" import timeit\n" +" print(timeit.timeit(\"test()\", setup=\"from __main__ import test\"))" +msgstr "" +"def test():\n" +" \"\"\"愚笨的测试函数\"\"\"\n" +" L = [i for i in range(100)]\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" import timeit\n" +" print(timeit.timeit(\"test()\", setup=\"from __main__ import test\"))" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Another option is to pass :func:`globals` to the *globals* parameter, which" +" will cause the code to be executed within your current global namespace. " +"This can be more convenient than individually specifying imports::" +msgstr "" +"另一种选择是将 :func:`globals` 传递给 *globals* 参数，这将导致代码在当前的全局命名空间中执行。这比单独指定 import " +"更方便 ::" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:373 +msgid "" +"def f(x):\n" +" return x**2\n" +"def g(x):\n" +" return x**4\n" +"def h(x):\n" +" return x**8\n" +"\n" +"import timeit\n" +"print(timeit.timeit('[func(42) for func in (f,g,h)]', globals=globals()))" +msgstr "" +"def f(x):\n" +" return x**2\n" +"def g(x):\n" +" return x**4\n" +"def h(x):\n" +" return x**8\n" +"\n" +"import timeit\n" +"print(timeit.timeit('[func(42) for func in (f,g,h)]', globals=globals()))" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:9 +msgid "Benchmarking" +msgstr "基准测试" + +#: ../../library/timeit.rst:9 +msgid "Performance" +msgstr "性能" diff --git a/library/tk.po b/library/tk.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64443769e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tk.po @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ailin zhang , 2021 +# dgy18787 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:5 +msgid "Graphical User Interfaces with Tk" +msgstr "Tk图形用户界面(GUI)" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Tk/Tcl has long been an integral part of Python. It provides a robust and " +"platform independent windowing toolkit, that is available to Python " +"programmers using the :mod:`tkinter` package, and its extension, the " +":mod:`tkinter.ttk` module." +msgstr "" +"Tk/Tcl 早已成为 Python 的一部分。 它提供了一套健壮且独立于平台的窗口工具集，Python 程序员可通过 :mod:`tkinter` " +"包及其扩展 :mod:`tkinter.ttk` 模块来使用它。" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter` package is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk." +" To use :mod:`tkinter`, you don't need to write Tcl code, but you will need " +"to consult the Tk documentation, and occasionally the Tcl documentation. " +":mod:`tkinter` is a set of wrappers that implement the Tk widgets as Python " +"classes." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter` 包是使用面向对象方式对 Tcl/Tk 进行的一层薄包装。 使用 :mod:`tkinter`，你不需要写 Tcl " +"代码，但你将需要参阅 Tk 文档，有时还需要参阅 Tcl 文档。 :mod:`tkinter` 是一组包装器，它将 Tk 的可视化部件实现为相应的 " +"Python 类。" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:23 +msgid "" +":mod:`tkinter`'s chief virtues are that it is fast, and that it usually " +"comes bundled with Python. Although its standard documentation is weak, good" +" material is available, which includes: references, tutorials, a book and " +"others. :mod:`tkinter` is also famous for having an outdated look and feel, " +"which has been vastly improved in Tk 8.5. Nevertheless, there are many other" +" GUI libraries that you could be interested in. The Python wiki lists " +"several alternative `GUI frameworks and tools " +"`_." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter` 的主要特点是速度很快，并且通常直接附带在 Python 中。 " +"虽然它的官方文档做得不好，但还是有许多可用的资源，包括：在线参考、教程、入门书等等。 :mod:`tkinter` 还有众所周知的较过时的外观界面，这在" +" Tk 8.5 中已得到很大改进。 无论如何，你还可以考虑许多其他的 GUI 库。 Python wiki 例出了一些替代性的 `GUI 框架和工具 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:7 +msgid "GUI" +msgstr "GUI" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:7 +msgid "Graphical User Interface" +msgstr "图形用户界面" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:7 +msgid "Tkinter" +msgstr "Tkinter" + +#: ../../library/tk.rst:7 +msgid "Tk" +msgstr "Tk" diff --git a/library/tkinter.colorchooser.po b/library/tkinter.colorchooser.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff5234db0 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.colorchooser.po @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.colorchooser.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tkinter.colorchooser` --- Color choosing dialog" +msgstr ":mod:`!tkinter.colorchooser` --- 颜色选择对话框" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.colorchooser.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/colorchooser.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/colorchooser.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.colorchooser.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.colorchooser` module provides the :class:`Chooser` class " +"as an interface to the native color picker dialog. ``Chooser`` implements a " +"modal color choosing dialog window. The ``Chooser`` class inherits from the " +":class:`~tkinter.commondialog.Dialog` class." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter.colorchooser` 模块提供了 :class:`Chooser` 类作为原生颜色选择对话框的接口。 " +"``Chooser`` 实现了一个模式颜色选择对话框窗口。 ``Chooser`` 类继承自 " +":class:`~tkinter.commondialog.Dialog` 类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.colorchooser.rst:21 +msgid "" +"Create a color choosing dialog. A call to this method will show the window, " +"wait for the user to make a selection, and return the selected color (or " +"``None``) to the caller." +msgstr "创建一个颜色选择对话框。 调用此方法将显示相应窗口，等待用户进行选择，并将选择的颜色 (或 ``None``) 返回给调用者。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.colorchooser.rst:28 +msgid "Module :mod:`tkinter.commondialog`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`tkinter.commondialog`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.colorchooser.rst:29 +msgid "Tkinter standard dialog module" +msgstr "Tkinter 标准对话框模块" diff --git a/library/tkinter.dnd.po b/library/tkinter.dnd.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ae9b36a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.dnd.po @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tkinter.dnd` --- Drag and drop support" +msgstr ":mod:`!tkinter.dnd` --- 拖放操作支持" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/dnd.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/dnd.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:12 +msgid "" +"This is experimental and due to be deprecated when it is replaced with the " +"Tk DND." +msgstr "此模块是实验性的且在为 Tk DND 所替代后将被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.dnd` module provides drag-and-drop support for objects " +"within a single application, within the same window or between windows. To " +"enable an object to be dragged, you must create an event binding for it that" +" starts the drag-and-drop process. Typically, you bind a ButtonPress event " +"to a callback function that you write (see :ref:`Bindings-and-Events`). The " +"function should call :func:`dnd_start`, where 'source' is the object to be " +"dragged, and 'event' is the event that invoked the call (the argument to " +"your callback function)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter.dnd` 模块为单个应用内部的对象提供了在同一窗口中或多个窗口间的拖放操作支持。 " +"要将对象设为可拖放，你必须为其创建启动拖放进程的事件绑定。 通常，你要将 ButtonPress 事件绑定到你所编写的回调函数 (参见 " +":ref:`Bindings-and-Events`)。 该函数应当调用 :func:`dnd_start`，其中 'source' 为要拖动的对象，而" +" 'event' 为被唤起的事件（你的回调函数的参数）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:23 +msgid "Selection of a target object occurs as follows:" +msgstr "目标对象的选择方式如下:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:25 +msgid "Top-down search of area under mouse for target widget" +msgstr "从顶至底地在鼠标之下的区域中搜索目标控件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:27 +msgid "Target widget should have a callable *dnd_accept* attribute" +msgstr "目标控件应当具有一个指向可调用对象的 *dnd_accept* 属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:28 +msgid "" +"If *dnd_accept* is not present or returns ``None``, search moves to parent " +"widget" +msgstr "如果 *dnd_accept* 不存在或者返回 ``None``，则将转至父控件中搜索" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:29 +msgid "If no target widget is found, then the target object is ``None``" +msgstr "如果目标控件未找到，则目标对象为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:31 +msgid "Call to *.dnd_leave(source, event)*" +msgstr "调用 *.dnd_leave(source, event)*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:32 +msgid "Call to *.dnd_enter(source, event)*" +msgstr "调用 *.dnd_enter(source, event)*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:33 +msgid "Call to *.dnd_commit(source, event)* to notify of drop" +msgstr "调用 *.dnd_commit(source, event)* 来通知释放" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Call to *.dnd_end(target, event)* to signal end of drag-and-drop" +msgstr "调用 *.dnd_end(target, event)* 来表明拖放的结束" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:39 +msgid "" +"The *DndHandler* class handles drag-and-drop events tracking Motion and " +"ButtonRelease events on the root of the event widget." +msgstr "*DndHandler* 类处理拖放事件，在事件控件的根对象上跟踪 Motion 和 ButtonRelease 事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:44 +msgid "Cancel the drag-and-drop process." +msgstr "取消拖放进程。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:48 +msgid "Execute end of drag-and-drop functions." +msgstr "执行结束播放函数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:52 +msgid "Inspect area below mouse for target objects while drag is performed." +msgstr "在执行拖动期间为目标对象检查鼠标之下的区域。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:56 +msgid "Signal end of drag when the release pattern is triggered." +msgstr "当释放模式被触发时表明拖动的结束。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:60 +msgid "Factory function for drag-and-drop process." +msgstr "用于拖放进程的工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.dnd.rst:64 +msgid ":ref:`Bindings-and-Events`" +msgstr ":ref:`Bindings-and-Events`" diff --git a/library/tkinter.font.po b/library/tkinter.font.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2438a3a0a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.font.po @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alex Ding , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tkinter.font` --- Tkinter font wrapper" +msgstr ":mod:`!tkinter.font` --- Tkinter 字体包装器" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/font.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/font.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.font` module provides the :class:`Font` class for creating" +" and using named fonts." +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.font` 模块提供用于创建和使用命名字体的 :class:`Font` 类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:15 +msgid "The different font weights and slants are:" +msgstr "不同的字体粗细和倾斜是：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Font` class represents a named font. *Font* instances are given " +"unique names and can be specified by their family, size, and style " +"configuration. Named fonts are Tk's method of creating and identifying fonts" +" as a single object, rather than specifying a font by its attributes with " +"each occurrence." +msgstr "" +":class:`Font` 类表示命名字体。*Font* 实例具有唯一的名称，可以通过其族、大小和样式配置进行指定。命名字体是 Tk " +"将字体创建和标识为单个对象的方法，而不是通过每次出现时的属性来指定字体。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:30 +msgid "arguments:" +msgstr "参数：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*font* - font specifier tuple (family, size, options)" +msgstr "*font* - 字体指示符元组 (family, size, options)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*name* - unique font name" +msgstr "*name* - 唯一的字体名" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*exists* - self points to existing named font if true" +msgstr "*exists* - 指向现有命名字体（如果有）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:36 +msgid "additional keyword options (ignored if *font* is specified):" +msgstr "其他关键字选项（如果指定了 *font*，则忽略）：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*family* - font family i.e. Courier, Times" +msgstr "*family* - 字体系列，例如 Courier，Times" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*size* - font size" +msgstr "*size* - 字体大小" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "If *size* is positive it is interpreted as size in points." +msgstr "如果 *size* 为正数，则解释为以磅为单位的大小。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "If *size* is a negative number its absolute value is treated" +msgstr "如果 *size* 是负数，则将其绝对值" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "as size in pixels." +msgstr "解释为以像素为单位的大小。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*weight* - font emphasis (NORMAL, BOLD)" +msgstr "*weight* - 字体强调 (NORMAL, BOLD)（普通，加粗）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*slant* - ROMAN, ITALIC" +msgstr "*slant* - ROMAN, ITALIC（正体，斜体）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*underline* - font underlining (0 - none, 1 - underline)" +msgstr "*underline* - 字体下划线（0 - 无下划线，1 - 有下划线）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:0 +msgid "*overstrike* - font strikeout (0 - none, 1 - strikeout)" +msgstr "*overstrike* - 字体删除线（0 - 无删除线，1 - 有删除线）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:50 +msgid "Return the attributes of the font." +msgstr "返回字体的属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:54 +msgid "Retrieve an attribute of the font." +msgstr "检索字体的某一个属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:58 +msgid "Modify attributes of the font." +msgstr "修改字体的某一个属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:62 +msgid "Return new instance of the current font." +msgstr "返回当前字体的新实例。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Return amount of space the text would occupy on the specified display when " +"formatted in the current font. If no display is specified then the main " +"application window is assumed." +msgstr "返回以当前字体格式化时文本将在指定显示上占用的空间量。如果未指定显示，则假定为主应用程序窗口。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:72 +msgid "Return font-specific data. Options include:" +msgstr "返回特定字体的数据。选项包括：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:75 +msgid "*ascent* - distance between baseline and highest point that a" +msgstr "*ascent* - 基线和最高点之间的距离" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:76 ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:79 +msgid "character of the font can occupy" +msgstr "（在该字体中的一个字符可以占用的空间中）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:78 +msgid "*descent* - distance between baseline and lowest point that a" +msgstr "*descent* - 基线和最低点之间的距离" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:81 +msgid "*linespace* - minimum vertical separation necessary between any two" +msgstr "*linespace* - 所需最小垂直间距（在两个" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:82 +msgid "characters of the font that ensures no vertical overlap between lines." +msgstr "该字体的字符间，使得这两个字符在垂直方向上不重叠）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:84 +msgid "*fixed* - 1 if font is fixed-width else 0" +msgstr "*fixed* - 如果该字体宽度被固定则为1，否则为0。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:88 +msgid "Return the different font families." +msgstr "返回不同的字体系列。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:92 +msgid "Return the names of defined fonts." +msgstr "返回定义字体的名字。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:96 +msgid "Return a :class:`Font` representation of a tk named font." +msgstr "返回一个 :class:`Font` 类，代表一个 tk 命名的字体。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.font.rst:98 +msgid "The *root* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *root* 形参。" diff --git a/library/tkinter.messagebox.po b/library/tkinter.messagebox.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6933a01f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.messagebox.po @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tkinter.messagebox` --- Tkinter message prompts" +msgstr ":mod:`!tkinter.messagebox` --- Tkinter 消息提示" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:8 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/messagebox.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/messagebox.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:12 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.messagebox` module provides a template base class as well " +"as a variety of convenience methods for commonly used configurations. The " +"message boxes are modal and will return a subset of (``True``, ``False``, " +"``None``, :data:`OK`, :data:`CANCEL`, :data:`YES`, :data:`NO`) based on the " +"user's selection. Common message box styles and layouts include but are not " +"limited to:" +msgstr "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.messagebox` 模块提供了一个模板基类以及多个常用配置的便捷方法。 消息框为模式窗口并将基于用户的选择返回 " +"(``True``, ``False``, ``None``, :data:`OK`, :data:`CANCEL`, :data:`YES`, " +":data:`NO`) 的一个子集。 常用消息框风格和布局包括但不限于：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Create a message window with an application-specified message, an icon and a" +" set of buttons. Each of the buttons in the message window is identified by " +"a unique symbolic name (see the *type* options)." +msgstr "创建一个带有应用专属消息、图标和按钮组的消息窗口。 消息窗口中的每个按钮均以唯一符号名称进行标识（参见 *type* 选项）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:27 +msgid "The following options are supported:" +msgstr "支持以下选项：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:29 +msgid "*command*" +msgstr "*command*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Specifies the function to invoke when the user closes the dialog. The name " +"of the button clicked by the user to close the dialog is passed as argument." +" This is only available on macOS." +msgstr "指定当用户关闭对话框时要唤起的函数。 用户关闭对话框所点击的按钮名称将作为参数传入。 此选项仅在 macOS 上可用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:35 +msgid "*default*" +msgstr "*default*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Gives the :ref:`symbolic name ` of the default button " +"for this message window (:data:`OK`, :data:`CANCEL`, and so on). If this " +"option is not specified, the first button in the dialog will be made the " +"default." +msgstr "" +"指定消息窗口默认按钮的 :ref:`符号名称 ` (:data:`OK`, :data:`CANCEL` " +"等等)。 如果未指定此选项，则对话框中的第一个按钮将成为默认。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:41 +msgid "*detail*" +msgstr "*detail*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Specifies an auxiliary message to the main message given by the *message* " +"option. The message detail will be presented beneath the main message and, " +"where supported by the OS, in a less emphasized font than the main message." +msgstr "" +"为由 *message* 选项给出的主消息指定一条辅助消息。 消息详情将在主消息之下展示，并且在操作系统支持的情况下，会使用次于主消息的字体。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:48 +msgid "*icon*" +msgstr "*icon*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Specifies an :ref:`icon ` to display. If this option is " +"not specified, then the :data:`INFO` icon will be displayed." +msgstr "指定一个要显示的 :ref:`图标 `。 如果未指定此选项，则将显示 :data:`INFO` 图标。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:53 +msgid "*message*" +msgstr "*message*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Specifies the message to display in this message box. The default value is " +"an empty string." +msgstr "指定要在此消息框中显示的消息。 默认值为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:57 +msgid "*parent*" +msgstr "*parent*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Makes the specified window the logical parent of the message box. The " +"message box is displayed on top of its parent window." +msgstr "将指定的窗口设为该消息框的逻辑上级。 消息框将在其上级窗口之前显示。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:61 +msgid "*title*" +msgstr "*title*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Specifies a string to display as the title of the message box. This option " +"is ignored on macOS, where platform guidelines forbid the use of a title on " +"this kind of dialog." +msgstr "指定要作为消息框标题的字符串。 此选项在 macOS 上会被忽略，因为该平台的设计指导禁止在这种对话框中使用标题。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:66 +msgid "*type*" +msgstr "*type*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Arranges for a :ref:`predefined set of buttons ` to be " +"displayed." +msgstr "安排显示一个 :ref:`预定义的按钮集合 `。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Display a message window and wait for the user to select one of the buttons." +" Then return the symbolic name of the selected button. Keyword arguments can" +" override options specified in the constructor." +msgstr "显示一个消息窗口并等待用户选择某一个按钮。 然后返回所选择按钮的符号名称。 关键字参数可以覆盖在构造器中指定的选项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:76 +msgid "**Information message box**" +msgstr "**信息消息框**" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Creates and displays an information message box with the specified title and" +" message." +msgstr "创建并显示一个具有指定标题和消息的信息消息框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:83 +msgid "**Warning message boxes**" +msgstr "**警告消息框**" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Creates and displays a warning message box with the specified title and " +"message." +msgstr "创建并显示一个具有指定标题和消息的警告消息框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Creates and displays an error message box with the specified title and " +"message." +msgstr "创建和显示一个具有指定标题和消息的错误消息框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:95 +msgid "**Question message boxes**" +msgstr "**疑问消息框**" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Ask a question. By default shows buttons :data:`YES` and :data:`NO`. Returns" +" the symbolic name of the selected button." +msgstr "提出一个问题。 在默认情况下显示 :data:`YES` 和 :data:`NO` 按钮。 返回所选择按钮的符号名称。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Ask if operation should proceed. Shows buttons :data:`OK` and " +":data:`CANCEL`. Returns ``True`` if the answer is ok and ``False`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +"询问操作是否要继续。 显示 :data:`OK` 和 :data:`CANCEL` 按钮。 如果选择确定将返回 ``True`` 否则返回 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Ask if operation should be retried. Shows buttons :data:`RETRY` and " +":data:`CANCEL`. Return ``True`` if the answer is yes and ``False`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +"询问操作是否要重试。 显示 :data:`RETRY` 和 :data:`CANCEL`。 如果选择重试将返回 ``True`` 否则返回 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Ask a question. Shows buttons :data:`YES` and :data:`NO`. Returns ``True`` " +"if the answer is yes and ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"提出一个问题。 显示 :data:`YES` 和 :data:`NO` 按钮。 如果选择是则返回 ``True`` 否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Ask a question. Shows buttons :data:`YES`, :data:`NO` and :data:`CANCEL`. " +"Return ``True`` if the answer is yes, ``None`` if cancelled, and ``False`` " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +"提出一个问题。 显示 :data:`YES`, :data:`NO` 和 :data:`CANCEL` 按钮。 如果选择是则返回 " +"``True``，取消则返回 ``None``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:126 +msgid "Symbolic names of buttons:" +msgstr "按钮的符号名称：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:145 +msgid "Predefined sets of buttons:" +msgstr "预定义的按钮集合：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Displays three buttons whose symbolic names are :data:`ABORT`, :data:`RETRY`" +" and :data:`IGNORE`." +msgstr "显示符号名称为 :data:`ABORT`, :data:`RETRY` 和 :data:`IGNORE` 的三个按钮。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:157 +msgid "Displays one button whose symbolic name is :data:`OK`." +msgstr "显示符号名称为 :data:`OK` 的一个按钮。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Displays two buttons whose symbolic names are :data:`OK` and :data:`CANCEL`." +msgstr "显示符号名称为 :data:`OK` 和 :data:`CANCEL` 的两个按钮。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Displays two buttons whose symbolic names are :data:`RETRY` and " +":data:`CANCEL`." +msgstr "显示符号名称为 :data:`RETRY` 和 :data:`CANCEL` 的两个按钮。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Displays two buttons whose symbolic names are :data:`YES` and :data:`NO`." +msgstr "显示符号名称为 :data:`YES` 和 :data:`NO` 的两个按钮。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Displays three buttons whose symbolic names are :data:`YES`, :data:`NO` and " +":data:`CANCEL`." +msgstr "显示符号名称为 :data:`YES`, :data:`NO` 和 :data:`CANCEL` 的三个按钮。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.messagebox.rst:185 +msgid "Icon images:" +msgstr "图标图像：" diff --git a/library/tkinter.po b/library/tkinter.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4111cdbff --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.po @@ -0,0 +1,2212 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Menghua Xiao , 2021 +# ailin zhang , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# 钢 彭 , 2021 +# Alex Ding , 2021 +# Y. Z. Chen <754097987@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# Jiuh.star , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tkinter` --- Python interface to Tcl/Tk" +msgstr ":mod:`!tkinter` --- Tcl/Tk 的 Python 接口" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/__init__.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/__init__.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter` package (\"Tk interface\") is the standard Python " +"interface to the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit. Both Tk and :mod:`tkinter` are " +"available on most Unix platforms, including macOS, as well as on Windows " +"systems." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter` 包 (\"Tk 接口\") 是针对 Tcl/Tk GUI 工具包的标准 Python 接口。 Tk 和 " +":mod:`tkinter` 在大多数 Unix 平台，包括 macOS，以及 Windows 系统上均可使用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Running ``python -m tkinter`` from the command line should open a window " +"demonstrating a simple Tk interface, letting you know that :mod:`tkinter` is" +" properly installed on your system, and also showing what version of Tcl/Tk " +"is installed, so you can read the Tcl/Tk documentation specific to that " +"version." +msgstr "" +"若在命令行执行 ``python -m tkinter``，应会弹出一个简单的 Tk 界面窗口， 表明 :mod:`tkinter` " +"包已安装完成，还会显示当前安装的 Tcl/Tk 版本，以便阅读对应版本的 Tcl/Tk 文档。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Tkinter supports a range of Tcl/Tk versions, built either with or without " +"thread support. The official Python binary release bundles Tcl/Tk 8.6 " +"threaded. See the source code for the :mod:`_tkinter` module for more " +"information about supported versions." +msgstr "" +"Tkinter 支持众多的 Tcl/Tk 版本，带或不带多线程版本均可。官方的 Python 二进制版本捆绑了 Tcl/Tk 8.6 " +"多线程版本。关于可支持版本的更多信息，请参阅 :mod:`_tkinter` 模块的源代码。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Tkinter is not a thin wrapper, but adds a fair amount of its own logic to " +"make the experience more pythonic. This documentation will concentrate on " +"these additions and changes, and refer to the official Tcl/Tk documentation " +"for details that are unchanged." +msgstr "" +"Tkinter 并不只是做了简单的封装，而是增加了相当多的代码逻辑，让使用体验更具 Python 风格（pythonic） " +"。本文将集中介绍这些增加和变化部分，关于未改动部分的细节，请参考 Tcl/Tk 官方文档。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Tcl/Tk 8.5 (2007) introduced a modern set of themed user interface " +"components along with a new API to use them. Both old and new APIs are still" +" available. Most documentation you will find online still uses the old API " +"and can be woefully outdated." +msgstr "" +"Tcl/Tk 8.5 (2007) 引入了支持主题的现代风格用户界面组件集以及使用这些组件的新版 API。 旧版和新版 API 都可以使用。 " +"你在网上所能找到的大多数文档仍然是使用旧版 API 因此也许已经相当过时。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:41 +msgid "`TkDocs `_" +msgstr "`TkDocs `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Extensive tutorial on creating user interfaces with Tkinter. Explains key " +"concepts, and illustrates recommended approaches using the modern API." +msgstr "关于使用 Tkinter 创建用户界面的详细教程。 讲解了关键概念，并介绍了使用现代 API 的推荐方式。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:45 +msgid "" +"`Tkinter 8.5 reference: a GUI for Python `_" +msgstr "`Tkinter 8.5 参考手册：一种 Python GUI `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Reference documentation for Tkinter 8.5 detailing available classes, " +"methods, and options." +msgstr "详细讲解可用的类、方法和选项的 Tkinter 8.5 参考文档。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:48 +msgid "Tcl/Tk Resources:" +msgstr "Tcl/Tk 资源:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:50 +msgid "`Tk commands `_" +msgstr "`Tk 命令 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Comprehensive reference to each of the underlying Tcl/Tk commands used by " +"Tkinter." +msgstr "有关 Tkinter 所使用的每个底层 Tcl/Tk 命令的完整参考文档。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:53 +msgid "`Tcl/Tk Home Page `_" +msgstr "`Tcl/Tk 主页 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:54 +msgid "Additional documentation, and links to Tcl/Tk core development." +msgstr "额外的文档，以及 Tcl/Tk 核心开发相关链接。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:56 +msgid "Books:" +msgstr "书籍:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:58 +msgid "" +"`Modern Tkinter for Busy Python Developers `_" +msgstr "" +"`Modern Tkinter for Busy Python Developers `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:59 +msgid "By Mark Roseman. (ISBN 978-1999149567)" +msgstr "Mark Roseman 著。 (ISBN 978-1999149567)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:61 +msgid "" +"`Python GUI programming with Tkinter `_" +msgstr "" +"`Python GUI programming with Tkinter `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:62 +msgid "By Alan D. Moore. (ISBN 978-1788835886)" +msgstr "Alan D. Moore 著。 (ISBN 978-1788835886)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:64 +msgid "`Programming Python `_" +msgstr "`Programming Python `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:65 +msgid "By Mark Lutz; has excellent coverage of Tkinter. (ISBN 978-0596158101)" +msgstr "Mark Lutz 著；对 Tkinter 进行了精彩的讲解。 (ISBN 978-0596158101)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:67 +msgid "" +"`Tcl and the Tk Toolkit (2nd edition) " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`Tcl and the Tk Toolkit (2nd edition) " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:68 +msgid "" +"By John Ousterhout, inventor of Tcl/Tk, and Ken Jones; does not cover " +"Tkinter. (ISBN 978-0321336330)" +msgstr "" +"John Ousterhout ，Tcl/Tk 的创造者，与 Ken Jones 合著；未涉及 Tkinter。 (ISBN " +"978-0321336330)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:72 +msgid "Architecture" +msgstr "架构" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Tcl/Tk is not a single library but rather consists of a few distinct " +"modules, each with separate functionality and its own official " +"documentation. Python's binary releases also ship an add-on module together " +"with it." +msgstr "" +"Tcl/Tk 不是只有单个库，而是由几个不同的模块组成的，每个模块都有各自的功能和各自的官方文档。 Python 的二进制发行版还会再附加一个模块。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:79 +msgid "Tcl" +msgstr "Tcl" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Tcl is a dynamic interpreted programming language, just like Python. Though " +"it can be used on its own as a general-purpose programming language, it is " +"most commonly embedded into C applications as a scripting engine or an " +"interface to the Tk toolkit. The Tcl library has a C interface to create and" +" manage one or more instances of a Tcl interpreter, run Tcl commands and " +"scripts in those instances, and add custom commands implemented in either " +"Tcl or C. Each interpreter has an event queue, and there are facilities to " +"send events to it and process them. Unlike Python, Tcl's execution model is " +"designed around cooperative multitasking, and Tkinter bridges this " +"difference (see `Threading model`_ for details)." +msgstr "" +"Tcl 是一种动态解释型编程语言，正如 Python 一样。尽管它可作为一种通用的编程语言单独使用，但最常见的用法还是作为脚本引擎或 Tk " +"工具包的接口嵌入到 C 程序中。Tcl 库有一个 C 接口，用于创建和管理一个或多个 Tcl 解释器实例，并在这些实例中运行 Tcl 命令和脚本，添加用" +" Tcl 或 C 语言实现的自定义命令。每个解释器都拥有一个事件队列，某些部件可向解释器发送事件交由其处理。与 Python 不同，Tcl " +"的执行模型是围绕协同多任务而设计的，Tkinter 协调了两者的差别（详见 `Threading model`_ ）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:92 ../../library/tkinter.rst:907 +msgid "Tk" +msgstr "Tk" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Tk is a `Tcl package `_ implemented in C " +"that adds custom commands to create and manipulate GUI widgets. Each " +":class:`Tk` object embeds its own Tcl interpreter instance with Tk loaded " +"into it. Tk's widgets are very customizable, though at the cost of a dated " +"appearance. Tk uses Tcl's event queue to generate and process GUI events." +msgstr "" +"Tk 是一个用 C 语言实现的 `Tcl 包 `_，它添加了用于创建和操纵 GUI " +"部件的自定义命令。 每个 :class:`Tk` 对象都嵌入了自己的 Tcl 解释器实例并将 Tk 加载到其中。 Tk " +"的部件是高度可定制的，但其代价则是过时的外观。 Tk 使用 Tcl 的事件队列来生成并处理 GUI 事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:99 +msgid "Ttk" +msgstr "Ttk" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Themed Tk (Ttk) is a newer family of Tk widgets that provide a much better " +"appearance on different platforms than many of the classic Tk widgets. Ttk " +"is distributed as part of Tk, starting with Tk version 8.5. Python bindings " +"are provided in a separate module, :mod:`tkinter.ttk`." +msgstr "" +"带有主题的 Tk（Ttk）是较新加入的 Tk 部件，相比很多经典的 Tk 部件，在各平台提供的界面更加美观。自 Tk 8.5 版本开始，Ttk 作为 " +"Tk 的成员进行发布。Python 则捆绑在一个单独的模块中， :mod:`tkinter.ttk`。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Internally, Tk and Ttk use facilities of the underlying operating system, " +"i.e., Xlib on Unix/X11, Cocoa on macOS, GDI on Windows." +msgstr "" +"在内部，Tk 和 Ttk 使用下层操作系统的工具库，例如在 Unix/X11 上是 Xlib，在 macOS 上是 Cocoa，在 Windows 上是" +" GDI。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:108 +msgid "" +"When your Python application uses a class in Tkinter, e.g., to create a " +"widget, the :mod:`tkinter` module first assembles a Tcl/Tk command string. " +"It passes that Tcl command string to an internal :mod:`_tkinter` binary " +"module, which then calls the Tcl interpreter to evaluate it. The Tcl " +"interpreter will then call into the Tk and/or Ttk packages, which will in " +"turn make calls to Xlib, Cocoa, or GDI." +msgstr "" +"当你的 Python 应用程序使用 Tkinter 中的某个类，例如创建一个部件时，:mod:`tkinter` 模块将首先生成一个 Tcl/Tk " +"命令字符串。 它会把这个 Tcl 命令字符串传给内部的 :mod:`_tkinter` 二进制模块，后者将随后调用 Tcl 解释器来对其求值。 Tcl " +"解释器随后将对 Tk 和/和 Ttk 包唤起，它们又将继续对 Xlib, Cocoa 或 GDI 发起调用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:116 +msgid "Tkinter Modules" +msgstr "Tkinter 模块" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Support for Tkinter is spread across several modules. Most applications will" +" need the main :mod:`tkinter` module, as well as the :mod:`tkinter.ttk` " +"module, which provides the modern themed widget set and API::" +msgstr "" +"对 Tkinter 的支持分布在多个模块中。 大多数应用程序将需要主模块 :mod:`tkinter`，以及 :mod:`tkinter.ttk` " +"模块，后者提供了带主题的现代部件集及相应的 API::" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:123 +msgid "" +"from tkinter import *\n" +"from tkinter import ttk" +msgstr "" +"from tkinter import *\n" +"from tkinter import ttk" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Construct a toplevel Tk widget, which is usually the main window of an " +"application, and initialize a Tcl interpreter for this widget. Each " +"instance has its own associated Tcl interpreter." +msgstr "" +"构造一个最高层级的 Tk 部件，这通常是一个应用程序的主窗口，并为这个部件初始化 Tcl 解释器。 每个实例都有其各自所关联的 Tcl 解释器。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:133 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Tk` class is typically instantiated using all default values. " +"However, the following keyword arguments are currently recognized:" +msgstr ":class:`Tk` 类通常全部使用默认值来初始化。 不过，目前还可识别下列关键字参数:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:136 +msgid "*screenName*" +msgstr "*screenName*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:137 +msgid "" +"When given (as a string), sets the :envvar:`DISPLAY` environment variable. " +"(X11 only)" +msgstr "当（作为字符串）给出时，设置 :envvar:`DISPLAY` 环境变量。 （仅限 X11）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:139 +msgid "*baseName*" +msgstr "*baseName*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Name of the profile file. By default, *baseName* is derived from the " +"program name (``sys.argv[0]``)." +msgstr "预置文件的名称。 在默认情况下，*baseName* 是来自于程序名称 (``sys.argv[0]``)。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:142 +msgid "*className*" +msgstr "*className*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Name of the widget class. Used as a profile file and also as the name with " +"which Tcl is invoked (*argv0* in *interp*)." +msgstr "控件类的名称。 会被用作预置文件同时也作为 Tcl 唤起的名称 (*interp* 中的 *argv0*)。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:145 +msgid "*useTk*" +msgstr "*useTk*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:146 +msgid "" +"If ``True``, initialize the Tk subsystem. The :func:`tkinter.Tcl() ` " +"function sets this to ``False``." +msgstr "" +"如果为 ``True``，则初始化 Tk 子系统。 :func:`tkinter.Tcl() ` 函数会将其设为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:148 +msgid "*sync*" +msgstr "*sync*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:149 +msgid "" +"If ``True``, execute all X server commands synchronously, so that errors are" +" reported immediately. Can be used for debugging. (X11 only)" +msgstr "如果为 ``True``，则同步执行所有 X 服务器命令，以便立即报告错误。 可被用于调试。 （仅限 X11）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:151 +msgid "*use*" +msgstr "*use*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Specifies the *id* of the window in which to embed the application, instead " +"of it being created as an independent toplevel window. *id* must be " +"specified in the same way as the value for the -use option for toplevel " +"widgets (that is, it has a form like that returned by :meth:`winfo_id`)." +msgstr "" +"指定嵌入应用程序的窗口 *id*，而不是将其创建为独立的顶层窗口。 *id* 必须以与顶层控件的 -use 选项值相同的方式来指定（也就是说，它具有与 " +":meth:`winfo_id` 的返回值相同的形式）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Note that on some platforms this will only work correctly if *id* refers to " +"a Tk frame or toplevel that has its -container option enabled." +msgstr "请注意在某些平台上只有当 *id* 是指向一个启用了 -container 选项的 Tk 框架或顶层窗口时此参数才能正确生效。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:161 +msgid "" +":class:`Tk` reads and interprets profile files, named " +":file:`.{className}.tcl` and :file:`.{baseName}.tcl`, into the Tcl " +"interpreter and calls :func:`exec` on the contents of " +":file:`.{className}.py` and :file:`.{baseName}.py`. The path for the " +"profile files is the :envvar:`HOME` environment variable or, if that isn't " +"defined, then :data:`os.curdir`." +msgstr "" +":class:`Tk` 读取并解释预置文件，其名称为 :file:`.{className}.tcl` 和 " +":file:`.{baseName}.tcl`，进入 Tcl 解释器并基于 :file:`.{className}.py` 和 " +":file:`.{baseName}.py` 的内容来调用 :func:`exec`。 预置文件的路径为 :envvar:`HOME` " +"环境变量，或者如果它未被定义，则为 :data:`os.curdir`。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:170 +msgid "" +"The Tk application object created by instantiating :class:`Tk`. This " +"provides access to the Tcl interpreter. Each widget that is attached the " +"same instance of :class:`Tk` has the same value for its :attr:`tk` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" +"通过实例化 :class:`Tk` 创建的 Tk 应用程序对象。 这提供了对 Tcl 解释器的访问。 每个被附加到相同 :class:`Tk` " +"实例的控件都具有相同的 :attr:`tk` 属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:177 +msgid "" +"The widget object that contains this widget. For :class:`Tk`, the *master* " +"is :const:`None` because it is the main window. The terms *master* and " +"*parent* are similar and sometimes used interchangeably as argument names; " +"however, calling :meth:`winfo_parent` returns a string of the widget name " +"whereas :attr:`master` returns the object. *parent*/*child* reflects the " +"tree-like relationship while *master*/*slave* reflects the container " +"structure." +msgstr "" +"包含此控件的控件对象。 对于 :class:`Tk`，*master* 将为 :const:`None` 因为它是主窗口。 术语 *master* 和 " +"*parent* 是类似的且有时作为参数名称被交替使用；但是，调用 :meth:`winfo_parent` 将返回控件名称字符串而 " +":attr:`master` 将返回控件对象。 *parent*/*child* 反映了树型关系而 *master*/*slave* 反映了容器结构。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:187 +msgid "" +"The immediate descendants of this widget as a :class:`dict` with the child " +"widget names as the keys and the child instance objects as the values." +msgstr "以 :class:`dict` 表示的此控件的直接下级其中的键为子控件名称而值为子实例对象。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The :func:`Tcl` function is a factory function which creates an object much " +"like that created by the :class:`Tk` class, except that it does not " +"initialize the Tk subsystem. This is most often useful when driving the Tcl" +" interpreter in an environment where one doesn't want to create extraneous " +"toplevel windows, or where one cannot (such as Unix/Linux systems without an" +" X server). An object created by the :func:`Tcl` object can have a Toplevel" +" window created (and the Tk subsystem initialized) by calling its " +":meth:`loadtk` method." +msgstr "" +":func:`Tcl` 函数是一个工厂函数，它创建的对象类似于 :class:`Tk` 类创建的，只是不会初始化 Tk 子系统。这在调动 Tcl " +"解释器时最为有用，这时不想创建多余的顶层窗口，或者无法创建（比如不带 X 服务的 Unix/Linux 系统）。由 :func:`Tcl` " +"创建的对象可调用 :meth:`loadtk` 方法创建一个顶层窗口（且会初始化 Tk 子系统）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:203 +msgid "The modules that provide Tk support include:" +msgstr "提供 Tk 支持的模块包括:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:205 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:206 +msgid "Main Tkinter module." +msgstr "主 Tkinter 模块。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:208 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.colorchooser`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.colorchooser`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:209 +msgid "Dialog to let the user choose a color." +msgstr "让用户选择颜色的对话框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:211 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.commondialog`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.commondialog`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:212 +msgid "Base class for the dialogs defined in the other modules listed here." +msgstr "本文其他模块定义的对话框的基类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:214 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.filedialog`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.filedialog`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:215 +msgid "Common dialogs to allow the user to specify a file to open or save." +msgstr "允许用户指定文件的通用对话框，用于打开或保存文件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:217 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.font`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.font`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:218 +msgid "Utilities to help work with fonts." +msgstr "帮助操作字体的工具。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:220 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.messagebox`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.messagebox`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:221 +msgid "Access to standard Tk dialog boxes." +msgstr "访问标准的 Tk 对话框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:223 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.scrolledtext`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.scrolledtext`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:224 +msgid "Text widget with a vertical scroll bar built in." +msgstr "内置纵向滚动条的文本组件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:226 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.simpledialog`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.simpledialog`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:227 +msgid "Basic dialogs and convenience functions." +msgstr "基础对话框和一些便捷功能。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:229 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.ttk`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.ttk`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Themed widget set introduced in Tk 8.5, providing modern alternatives for " +"many of the classic widgets in the main :mod:`tkinter` module." +msgstr "在 Tk 8.5 中引入的带主题的控件集，提供了对应于 :mod:`tkinter` 模块中许多经典控件的现代替代。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:233 +msgid "Additional modules:" +msgstr "附加模块:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:238 +msgid ":mod:`_tkinter`" +msgstr ":mod:`_tkinter`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:239 +msgid "" +"A binary module that contains the low-level interface to Tcl/Tk. It is " +"automatically imported by the main :mod:`tkinter` module, and should never " +"be used directly by application programmers. It is usually a shared library " +"(or DLL), but might in some cases be statically linked with the Python " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" +"一个包含低层级 Tcl/Tk 接口的二进制模块。 它会被主 :mod:`tkinter` 模块自动导入，且永远不应被应用程序员所直接使用。 " +"它通常是一个共享库（或 DLL），但在某些情况下可能被动态链接到 Python 解释器。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:245 +msgid ":mod:`idlelib`" +msgstr ":mod:`idlelib`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:246 +msgid "" +"Python's Integrated Development and Learning Environment (IDLE). Based on " +":mod:`tkinter`." +msgstr "Python 的集成开发与学习环境（IDLE）。 基于 :mod:`tkinter`。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:249 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.constants`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.constants`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Symbolic constants that can be used in place of strings when passing various" +" parameters to Tkinter calls. Automatically imported by the main " +":mod:`tkinter` module." +msgstr "当向 Tkinter 调用传入各种形参时可被用来代替字符串的符号常量。 由主 :mod:`tkinter` 模块自动导入。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:254 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.dnd`" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.dnd`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:255 +msgid "" +"(experimental) Drag-and-drop support for :mod:`tkinter`. This will become " +"deprecated when it is replaced with the Tk DND." +msgstr "针对 :mod:`tkinter` 的（实验性的）拖放支持。 当以 Tk DND 代替时它将会被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:258 +msgid ":mod:`turtle`" +msgstr ":mod:`turtle`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:259 +msgid "Turtle graphics in a Tk window." +msgstr "Tk 窗口中的海龟绘图库。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:263 +msgid "Tkinter Life Preserver" +msgstr "Tkinter 拾遗" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:265 +msgid "" +"This section is not designed to be an exhaustive tutorial on either Tk or " +"Tkinter. For that, refer to one of the external resources noted earlier. " +"Instead, this section provides a very quick orientation to what a Tkinter " +"application looks like, identifies foundational Tk concepts, and explains " +"how the Tkinter wrapper is structured." +msgstr "" +"这一章节的设计目的不是要编写有关 Tk 或 Tkinter 的冗长教程。 要获取教程，请参阅之前列出的外部资源之一。 相反地，这一章节提供了对于 " +"Tkinter 应用程序大致样貌的快速指导，列出了基本的 Tk 概念，并解释了 Tkinter 包装器的构造是什么样的。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:271 +msgid "" +"The remainder of this section will help you to identify the classes, " +"methods, and options you'll need in your Tkinter application, and where to " +"find more detailed documentation on them, including in the official Tcl/Tk " +"reference manual." +msgstr "" +"这一章节的剩余部分将帮助你识别在你的 Tkinter 应用程序中需要的类、方法和选项，以及在哪里可以找到有关它们的更详细文档，包括官方 Tcl/Tk " +"参考手册等。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:278 +msgid "A Hello World Program" +msgstr "Hello World 程序" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:280 +msgid "" +"We'll start by walking through a \"Hello World\" application in Tkinter. " +"This isn't the smallest one we could write, but has enough to illustrate " +"some key concepts you'll need to know." +msgstr "" +"让我们先来看一个 Tkinter 的 \"Hello World\" 应用程序。 " +"这并不是我们所能写出的最简短版本，但也足够说明你所需要了解的一些关键概念。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:286 +msgid "" +"from tkinter import *\n" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"root = Tk()\n" +"frm = ttk.Frame(root, padding=10)\n" +"frm.grid()\n" +"ttk.Label(frm, text=\"Hello World!\").grid(column=0, row=0)\n" +"ttk.Button(frm, text=\"Quit\", command=root.destroy).grid(column=1, row=0)\n" +"root.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"from tkinter import *\n" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"root = Tk()\n" +"frm = ttk.Frame(root, padding=10)\n" +"frm.grid()\n" +"ttk.Label(frm, text=\"Hello World!\").grid(column=0, row=0)\n" +"ttk.Button(frm, text=\"Quit\", command=root.destroy).grid(column=1, row=0)\n" +"root.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:296 +msgid "" +"After the imports, the next line creates an instance of the :class:`Tk` " +"class, which initializes Tk and creates its associated Tcl interpreter. It " +"also creates a toplevel window, known as the root window, which serves as " +"the main window of the application." +msgstr "" +"在导入语句之后，下一行语句创建了一个 :class:`Tk` 类的实例，它会初始化 Tk 并创建与其关联的 Tcl 解释器。 " +"它还会创建一个顶层窗口，名为 root 窗口，它将被作为应用程序的主窗口。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:301 +msgid "" +"The following line creates a frame widget, which in this case will contain a" +" label and a button we'll create next. The frame is fit inside the root " +"window." +msgstr "下一行创建了一个框架控件，在本示例中它会包含我们即将创建的一个标签和一个按钮。 框架被嵌在 root 窗口内部。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:305 +msgid "" +"The next line creates a label widget holding a static text string. The " +":meth:`grid` method is used to specify the relative layout (position) of the" +" label within its containing frame widget, similar to how tables in HTML " +"work." +msgstr "" +"下一行创建了一个包含静态文本字符串的标签控件。 :meth:`grid` 方法被用来指明标签在包含它的框架控件中的相对布局（定位），作用类似于 HTML" +" 中的表格。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:309 +msgid "" +"A button widget is then created, and placed to the right of the label. When " +"pressed, it will call the :meth:`destroy` method of the root window." +msgstr "接下来创建了一个按钮控件，并被放置到标签的右侧。 当被按下时，它将调用 root 窗口的 :meth:`destroy` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Finally, the :meth:`mainloop` method puts everything on the display, and " +"responds to user input until the program terminates." +msgstr "最后，:meth:`mainloop` 方法将所有控件显示出来，并响应用户输入直到程序终结。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:318 +msgid "Important Tk Concepts" +msgstr "重要的 Tk 概念" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:320 +msgid "Even this simple program illustrates the following key Tk concepts:" +msgstr "即便是这样简单的程序也阐明了以下关键 Tk 概念:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:322 +msgid "widgets" +msgstr "控件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:323 +msgid "" +"A Tkinter user interface is made up of individual *widgets*. Each widget is " +"represented as a Python object, instantiated from classes like " +":class:`ttk.Frame`, :class:`ttk.Label`, and :class:`ttk.Button`." +msgstr "" +"Tkinter 用户界面是由一个个 *控件* 组成的。 每个控件都由相应的 Python 对象表示，由 :class:`ttk.Frame`, " +":class:`ttk.Label` 以及 :class:`ttk.Button` 这样的类来实例化。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:327 +msgid "widget hierarchy" +msgstr "控件层级结构" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:328 +msgid "" +"Widgets are arranged in a *hierarchy*. The label and button were contained " +"within a frame, which in turn was contained within the root window. When " +"creating each *child* widget, its *parent* widget is passed as the first " +"argument to the widget constructor." +msgstr "" +"控件按 *层级结构* 来组织。 标签和按钮包含在框架中，框架又包含在根窗口中。 当创建每个 *子* 控件时，它的 *父* " +"控件会作为控件构造器的第一个参数被传入。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:333 +msgid "configuration options" +msgstr "配置选项" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Widgets have *configuration options*, which modify their appearance and " +"behavior, such as the text to display in a label or button. Different " +"classes of widgets will have different sets of options." +msgstr "控件具有 *配置选项*，配置选项会改变控件的外观和行为，例如要在标签或按钮中显示的文本。 不同的控件类会具有不同的选项集。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:338 +msgid "geometry management" +msgstr "几何管理" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Widgets aren't automatically added to the user interface when they are " +"created. A *geometry manager* like ``grid`` controls where in the user " +"interface they are placed." +msgstr "小部件在创建时不会自动添加到用户界面。一个像 ``grid`` 的 *几何管理器* 控制这些小部件在用户界面的位置。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:343 +msgid "event loop" +msgstr "事件循环" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Tkinter reacts to user input, changes from your program, and even refreshes " +"the display only when actively running an *event loop*. If your program " +"isn't running the event loop, your user interface won't update." +msgstr "" +"只有主动运行一个 *事件循环*，Tkinter " +"才会对用户的输入做出反应，改变你的程序，以及刷新显示。如果你的程序没有运行事件循环，你的用户界面不会更新。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:350 +msgid "Understanding How Tkinter Wraps Tcl/Tk" +msgstr "了解 Tkinter 如何封装 Tcl/Tk" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:352 +msgid "" +"When your application uses Tkinter's classes and methods, internally Tkinter" +" is assembling strings representing Tcl/Tk commands, and executing those " +"commands in the Tcl interpreter attached to your application's :class:`Tk` " +"instance." +msgstr "" +"当你的应用程序使用 Tkinter 的类和方法时，Tkinter 内部汇编代表 Tcl/Tk 命令的字符串，并在连接到你的应用程序的 " +":class:`Tk` 实例的 Tcl 解释器中执行这些命令。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Whether it's trying to navigate reference documentation, trying to find the " +"right method or option, adapting some existing code, or debugging your " +"Tkinter application, there are times that it will be useful to understand " +"what those underlying Tcl/Tk commands look like." +msgstr "" +"无论是试图浏览参考文档，或是试图找到正确的方法或选项，调整一些现有的代码，亦或是调试 Tkinter 应用程序，有时候理解底层 Tcl/Tk " +"命令是什么样子的会很有用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:362 +msgid "" +"To illustrate, here is the Tcl/Tk equivalent of the main part of the Tkinter" +" script above." +msgstr "为了说明这一点，下面是 Tcl/Tk 等价于上面 Tkinter 脚本的主要部分。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:367 +msgid "" +"ttk::frame .frm -padding 10\n" +"grid .frm\n" +"grid [ttk::label .frm.lbl -text \"Hello World!\"] -column 0 -row 0\n" +"grid [ttk::button .frm.btn -text \"Quit\" -command \"destroy .\"] -column 1 -row 0" +msgstr "" +"ttk::frame .frm -padding 10\n" +"grid .frm\n" +"grid [ttk::label .frm.lbl -text \"Hello World!\"] -column 0 -row 0\n" +"grid [ttk::button .frm.btn -text \"Quit\" -command \"destroy .\"] -column 1 -row 0" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:373 +msgid "" +"Tcl's syntax is similar to many shell languages, where the first word is the" +" command to be executed, with arguments to that command following it, " +"separated by spaces. Without getting into too many details, notice the " +"following:" +msgstr "Tcl 的语法类似于许多 shell 语言，其中第一个单词是要执行的命令，后面是该命令的参数，用空格分隔。不谈太多细节，请注意以下几点：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:377 +msgid "" +"The commands used to create widgets (like ``ttk::frame``) correspond to " +"widget classes in Tkinter." +msgstr "用于创建窗口小部件（如 ``ttk::frame``）的命令对应于 Tkinter 中的 widget 类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:380 +msgid "" +"Tcl widget options (like ``-text``) correspond to keyword arguments in " +"Tkinter." +msgstr "Tcl 窗口控件选项（如 ``-tex``）对应于 Tkinter 中的关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:383 +msgid "" +"Widgets are referred to by a *pathname* in Tcl (like ``.frm.btn``), whereas " +"Tkinter doesn't use names but object references." +msgstr "在 Tcl 中，小部件是通过 *路径名* 引用的（例如 ``.frm.btn``），而 Tkinter 不使用名称，而是使用对象引用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:386 +msgid "" +"A widget's place in the widget hierarchy is encoded in its (hierarchical) " +"pathname, which uses a ``.`` (dot) as a path separator. The pathname for the" +" root window is just ``.`` (dot). In Tkinter, the hierarchy is defined not " +"by pathname but by specifying the parent widget when creating each child " +"widget." +msgstr "" +"控件在控件层次结构中的位置在其（层次结构）路径名中编码，该路径名使用一个 ``.`` （点）作为路径分隔符。根窗口的路径名是 ``.`` （点）。在 " +"Tkinter 中，层次结构不是通过路径名定义的，而是通过在创建每个子控件时指定父控件来定义的。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Operations which are implemented as separate *commands* in Tcl (like " +"``grid`` or ``destroy``) are represented as *methods* on Tkinter widget " +"objects. As you'll see shortly, at other times Tcl uses what appear to be " +"method calls on widget objects, which more closely mirror what would is used" +" in Tkinter." +msgstr "" +"在 Tcl 中以独立的 *命令* 实现的操作（比如 ``grid`` 和 ``destroy`` ）在 Tkinter 控件对象上以 *方法* " +"表示。稍后您将看到，在其他时候，Tcl 在控件对象调用的方法，在 Tkinter 也有对应的使用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:400 +msgid "How do I...? What option does...?" +msgstr "我该如何...？这个选项会做...？" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:402 +msgid "" +"If you're not sure how to do something in Tkinter, and you can't immediately" +" find it in the tutorial or reference documentation you're using, there are " +"a few strategies that can be helpful." +msgstr "如果您不确定如何在 Tkinter 中做一些事情，并且您不能立即在您正在使用的教程或参考文档中找到它，这里有一些策略可以帮助您。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:406 +msgid "" +"First, remember that the details of how individual widgets work may vary " +"across different versions of both Tkinter and Tcl/Tk. If you're searching " +"documentation, make sure it corresponds to the Python and Tcl/Tk versions " +"installed on your system." +msgstr "" +"首先，请记住，在不同版本的 Tkinter 和 Tcl/Tk 中，各个控件如何工作的细节可能会有所不同。如果您正在搜索文档，请确保它与安装在系统上的 " +"Python 和 Tcl/Tk 版本相对应。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:411 +msgid "" +"When searching for how to use an API, it helps to know the exact name of the" +" class, option, or method that you're using. Introspection, either in an " +"interactive Python shell or with :func:`print`, can help you identify what " +"you need." +msgstr "" +"在搜索如何使用 API 时，知道正在使用的类、选项或方法的确切名称会有所帮助。内省，无论是在交互式 Python shell 中，还是在 " +":func:`print` 中，都可以帮助你确定你需要什么。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:416 +msgid "" +"To find out what configuration options are available on any widget, call its" +" :meth:`configure` method, which returns a dictionary containing a variety " +"of information about each object, including its default and current values. " +"Use :meth:`keys` to get just the names of each option." +msgstr "" +"要找出控件上可用的配置选项，请调用其 :meth:`configure` " +"方法，该方法返回一个字典，其中包含每个对象的各种信息，包括其默认值和当前值。使用 :meth:`keys` 获取每个选项的名称。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:423 +msgid "" +"btn = ttk.Button(frm, ...)\n" +"print(btn.configure().keys())" +msgstr "" +"btn = ttk.Button(frm, ...)\n" +"print(btn.configure().keys())" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:426 +msgid "" +"As most widgets have many configuration options in common, it can be useful " +"to find out which are specific to a particular widget class. Comparing the " +"list of options to that of a simpler widget, like a frame, is one way to do " +"that." +msgstr "" +"由于大多数控件都有许多共同的配置选项，因此找出特定于特定控件类的配置选项可能会很有用。将选项列表与更简单的控件（如框架）的列表进行比较是一种方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:433 +msgid "print(set(btn.configure().keys()) - set(frm.configure().keys()))" +msgstr "print(set(btn.configure().keys()) - set(frm.configure().keys()))" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Similarly, you can find the available methods for a widget object using the " +"standard :func:`dir` function. If you try it, you'll see there are over 200 " +"common widget methods, so again identifying those specific to a widget class" +" is helpful." +msgstr "" +"类似地，你可以使用标准函数 :func:`dir` " +"来查找控件对象的可用方法。如果您尝试一下，您会发现有超过200种常见的控件方法，因此再次确认那些特定于控件类的方法是有帮助的。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:442 +msgid "" +"print(dir(btn))\n" +"print(set(dir(btn)) - set(dir(frm)))" +msgstr "" +"print(dir(btn))\n" +"print(set(dir(btn)) - set(dir(frm)))" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:447 +msgid "Navigating the Tcl/Tk Reference Manual" +msgstr "浏览 Tcl/Tk 参考手册" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:449 +msgid "" +"As noted, the official `Tk commands " +"`_ reference manual (man " +"pages) is often the most accurate description of what specific operations on" +" widgets do. Even when you know the name of the option or method that you " +"need, you may still have a few places to look." +msgstr "" +"如上所述，官方的 `Tk commands `_ " +"参考手册（手册页）通常有对控件特定操作的最准确描述。即使您知道需要的选项或方法的名称，您可能仍然有一些地方可以查找。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:454 +msgid "" +"While all operations in Tkinter are implemented as method calls on widget " +"objects, you've seen that many Tcl/Tk operations appear as commands that " +"take a widget pathname as its first parameter, followed by optional " +"parameters, e.g." +msgstr "" +"虽然 Tkinter 中的所有操作都是通过对控件对象的方法调用来实现的，但您已经看到许多 Tcl/Tk " +"操作都是以命令的形式出现的，这些命令以小部件的路径名作为它的第一个参数，然后是可选参数，例如：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:461 +msgid "" +"destroy .\n" +"grid .frm.btn -column 0 -row 0" +msgstr "" +"destroy .\n" +"grid .frm.btn -column 0 -row 0" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Others, however, look more like methods called on a widget object (in fact, " +"when you create a widget in Tcl/Tk, it creates a Tcl command with the name " +"of the widget pathname, with the first parameter to that command being the " +"name of a method to call)." +msgstr "" +"但是，其他方法看起来更像在控件对象上调用的方法（实际上，当您在 Tcl/Tk 中创建小部件时，它会使用控件路径名创建 Tcl " +"命令，该命令的第一个参数是要调用的方法名）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:471 +msgid "" +".frm.btn invoke\n" +".frm.lbl configure -text \"Goodbye\"" +msgstr "" +".frm.btn invoke\n" +".frm.lbl configure -text \"Goodbye\"" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:475 +msgid "" +"In the official Tcl/Tk reference documentation, you'll find most operations " +"that look like method calls on the man page for a specific widget (e.g., " +"you'll find the :meth:`invoke` method on the `ttk::button " +"`_ man page), while " +"functions that take a widget as a parameter often have their own man page " +"(e.g., `grid `_)." +msgstr "" +"在 Tcl/Tk 官方参考文档中，你会发现手册页上大多数操作看起来都像是特定控件的的方法调用（例如，你会在 `ttk::button " +"`_ 手册页上找到 :meth:`invoke`" +" 方法），而以控件作为参数的函数通常有自己的手册页（例如，`grid " +"`_ ）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:483 +msgid "" +"You'll find many common options and methods in the `options " +"`_ or `ttk::widget " +"`_ man pages, while " +"others are found in the man page for a specific widget class." +msgstr "" +"您将在 `options `_ 或 " +"`ttk::widget `_ " +"手册页中找到许多常见的选项和方法，而其他的选项和方法可以在特定控件类的手册页中找到。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:488 +msgid "" +"You'll also find that many Tkinter methods have compound names, e.g., " +":func:`winfo_x`, :func:`winfo_height`, :func:`winfo_viewable`. You'd find " +"documentation for all of these in the `winfo " +"`_ man page." +msgstr "" +"你还会发现许多 Tkinter 方法有复合名称，例如 " +":func:`winfo_x`，:func:`winfo_height`，:func:`winfo_viewable`。你可以在 `winfo " +"`_ 页面找到这些文档。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Somewhat confusingly, there are also methods on all Tkinter widgets that " +"don't actually operate on the widget, but operate at a global scope, " +"independent of any widget. Examples are methods for accessing the clipboard " +"or the system bell. (They happen to be implemented as methods in the base " +":class:`Widget` class that all Tkinter widgets inherit from)." +msgstr "" +"有些令人困惑的是，所有 Tkinter " +"小部件上还有一些方法实际上并不在控件上操作，而是在全局范围内操作，独立于任何控件。例如访问剪贴板或系统响铃的方法。（它们恰好被实现为所有 Tkinter" +" 小部件都继承自的基类 :class:`Widget` 中的方法）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:503 +msgid "Threading model" +msgstr "线程模型" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Python and Tcl/Tk have very different threading models, which :mod:`tkinter`" +" tries to bridge. If you use threads, you may need to be aware of this." +msgstr "Python 和 Tcl/Tk 的线程模型大不相同，而 :mod:`tkinter` 则会试图进行调和。若要用到线程，可能需要注意这一点。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:508 +msgid "" +"A Python interpreter may have many threads associated with it. In Tcl, " +"multiple threads can be created, but each thread has a separate Tcl " +"interpreter instance associated with it. Threads can also create more than " +"one interpreter instance, though each interpreter instance can be used only " +"by the one thread that created it." +msgstr "" +"一个 Python 解释器可能会关联很多线程。在 Tcl 中，可以创建多个线程，但每个线程都关联了单独的 Tcl " +"解释器实例。线程也可以创建一个以上的解释器实例，尽管每个解释器实例只能由创建它的那个线程使用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Each :class:`Tk` object created by :mod:`tkinter` contains a Tcl " +"interpreter. It also keeps track of which thread created that interpreter. " +"Calls to :mod:`tkinter` can be made from any Python thread. Internally, if a" +" call comes from a thread other than the one that created the :class:`Tk` " +"object, an event is posted to the interpreter's event queue, and when " +"executed, the result is returned to the calling Python thread." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter` 创建的每个 :class:`Tk` 对象均包含一个 Tcl 解释器。 它还会记录解释器是由哪个线程创建的。对 " +":mod:`tkinter` 的调用可从任何 Python 线程发起。 如果唤起的线程不是创建 :class:`Tk` " +"对象的线程，则会自动向解释器的事件队列中发送一条事件，在执行该事件时，会向发起调用的 Python 线程返回结果。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:520 +msgid "" +"Tcl/Tk applications are normally event-driven, meaning that after " +"initialization, the interpreter runs an event loop (i.e. " +":func:`Tk.mainloop`) and responds to events. Because it is single-threaded, " +"event handlers must respond quickly, otherwise they will block other events " +"from being processed. To avoid this, any long-running computations should " +"not run in an event handler, but are either broken into smaller pieces using" +" timers, or run in another thread. This is different from many GUI toolkits " +"where the GUI runs in a completely separate thread from all application code" +" including event handlers." +msgstr "" +"Tcl/Tk 应用程序通常是事件驱动的，这意味着在完成初始化以后，解释器会运行一个事件循环（即 " +":func:`Tk.mainloop`）并对事件做出响应。因为它是单线程的，所以事件处理程序必须快速响应，否则会阻塞其他事件的处理。为了避免阻塞，不应在事件处理程序中执行任何耗时很久的计算，而应利用计时器将任务分块，或者在其他线程中运行。而其他很多工具包的" +" GUI 是在一个完全独立的线程中运行的，独立于包括事件处理程序在内的所有代码。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:529 +msgid "" +"If the Tcl interpreter is not running the event loop and processing events, " +"any :mod:`tkinter` calls made from threads other than the one running the " +"Tcl interpreter will fail." +msgstr "" +"如果 Tcl 解释器没有运行事件循环并处理解释器事件，则除运行 Tcl 解释器的线程外，任何其他线程发起的 :mod:`tkinter` 调用都会失败。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:533 +msgid "A number of special cases exist:" +msgstr "存在一些特殊情况：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:535 +msgid "" +"Tcl/Tk libraries can be built so they are not thread-aware. In this case, " +":mod:`tkinter` calls the library from the originating Python thread, even if" +" this is different than the thread that created the Tcl interpreter. A " +"global lock ensures only one call occurs at a time." +msgstr "" +"Tcl/Tk 库可编译为不支持多线程的版本。这时 :mod:`tkinter` 会从初始 Python 线程调用底层库，即便那不是创建 Tcl " +"解释器的线程。会有一个全局锁来确保每次只会发生一次调用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:540 +msgid "" +"While :mod:`tkinter` allows you to create more than one instance of a " +":class:`Tk` object (with its own interpreter), all interpreters that are " +"part of the same thread share a common event queue, which gets ugly fast. In" +" practice, don't create more than one instance of :class:`Tk` at a time. " +"Otherwise, it's best to create them in separate threads and ensure you're " +"running a thread-aware Tcl/Tk build." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :mod:`tkinter` 允许创建一个以上的 :class:`Tk` " +"实例（都带有自己的解释器），但所有属于同一线程的解释器均会共享同一个事件队列，这样很快就会一团糟。在实际编程时，一次创建的 :class:`Tk` " +"实例不要超过一个。否则最好在不同的线程中创建，并确保运行的是支持多线程的 Tcl/Tk 版本。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:546 +msgid "" +"Blocking event handlers are not the only way to prevent the Tcl interpreter " +"from reentering the event loop. It is even possible to run multiple nested " +"event loops or abandon the event loop entirely. If you're doing anything " +"tricky when it comes to events or threads, be aware of these possibilities." +msgstr "" +"为了防止 Tcl " +"解释器重新进入事件循环，阻塞事件处理程序并不是唯一的做法。甚至可以运行多个嵌套的事件循环，或者完全放弃事件循环。如果在处理事件或线程时碰到棘手的问题，请小心这些可能的事情。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:551 +msgid "" +"There are a few select :mod:`tkinter` functions that presently work only " +"when called from the thread that created the Tcl interpreter." +msgstr "有几个 :mod:`tkinter` 函数，目前只在创建 Tcl 解释器的线程中调用才行。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:556 +msgid "Handy Reference" +msgstr "快速参考" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:562 +msgid "Setting Options" +msgstr "可选配置项" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:564 +msgid "" +"Options control things like the color and border width of a widget. Options " +"can be set in three ways:" +msgstr "配置参数可以控制组件颜色和边框宽度等。可通过三种方式进行设置：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:567 +msgid "At object creation time, using keyword arguments" +msgstr "在对象创建时，使用关键字参数" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:570 +msgid "fred = Button(self, fg=\"red\", bg=\"blue\")" +msgstr "fred = Button(self, fg=\"red\", bg=\"blue\")" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:572 +msgid "" +"After object creation, treating the option name like a dictionary index" +msgstr "在对象创建后，将参数名用作字典索引" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:575 +msgid "" +"fred[\"fg\"] = \"red\"\n" +"fred[\"bg\"] = \"blue\"" +msgstr "" +"fred[\"fg\"] = \"red\"\n" +"fred[\"bg\"] = \"blue\"" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:578 +msgid "" +"Use the config() method to update multiple attrs subsequent to object " +"creation" +msgstr "利用 config() 方法修改对象的多个属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:581 +msgid "fred.config(fg=\"red\", bg=\"blue\")" +msgstr "fred.config(fg=\"red\", bg=\"blue\")" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:583 +msgid "" +"For a complete explanation of a given option and its behavior, see the Tk " +"man pages for the widget in question." +msgstr "关于这些参数及其表现的完整解释，请参阅 Tk 手册中有关组件的 man 帮助页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:586 +msgid "" +"Note that the man pages list \"STANDARD OPTIONS\" and \"WIDGET SPECIFIC " +"OPTIONS\" for each widget. The former is a list of options that are common " +"to many widgets, the latter are the options that are idiosyncratic to that " +"particular widget. The Standard Options are documented on the " +":manpage:`options(3)` man page." +msgstr "" +"请注意，man 手册页列出了每个部件的“标准选项”和“组件特有选项”。前者是很多组件通用的选项列表，后者是该组件特有的选项。标准选项在 " +":manpage:`options(3)` man 手册中有文档。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:592 +msgid "" +"No distinction between standard and widget-specific options is made in this " +"document. Some options don't apply to some kinds of widgets. Whether a " +"given widget responds to a particular option depends on the class of the " +"widget; buttons have a ``command`` option, labels do not." +msgstr "" +"本文没有区分标准选项和部件特有选项。有些选项不适用于某类组件。组件是否对某选项做出响应，取决于组件的类别；按钮组件有一个 ``command`` " +"选项，而标签组件就没有。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:597 +msgid "" +"The options supported by a given widget are listed in that widget's man " +"page, or can be queried at runtime by calling the :meth:`config` method " +"without arguments, or by calling the :meth:`keys` method on that widget. " +"The return value of these calls is a dictionary whose key is the name of the" +" option as a string (for example, ``'relief'``) and whose values are " +"5-tuples." +msgstr "" +"组件支持的选项在其手册中有列出，也可在运行时调用 :meth:`config` 方法（不带参数）查看，或者通过调用组件的 :meth:`keys` " +"方法进行查询。这些调用的返回值为字典，字典的键是字符串格式的选项名（比如 ``'relief'``），字典的值为五元组。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:603 +msgid "" +"Some options, like ``bg`` are synonyms for common options with long names " +"(``bg`` is shorthand for \"background\"). Passing the ``config()`` method " +"the name of a shorthand option will return a 2-tuple, not 5-tuple. The " +"2-tuple passed back will contain the name of the synonym and the \"real\" " +"option (such as ``('bg', 'background')``)." +msgstr "" +"有些选项，比如 ``bg`` 是全名通用选项的同义词（``bg`` 是 “background”的简写）。向 ``config()`` " +"方法传入选项的简称将返回一个二元组，而不是五元组。传回的二元组将包含同义词的全名和“真正的”选项（比如 ``('bg', " +"'background')``）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:610 +msgid "Index" +msgstr "索引" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:610 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:610 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:612 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:612 +msgid "option name" +msgstr "选项名称" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:612 ../../library/tkinter.rst:614 +msgid "``'relief'``" +msgstr "``'relief'``" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:614 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:614 +msgid "option name for database lookup" +msgstr "数据库查找的选项名称" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:616 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:616 +msgid "option class for database lookup" +msgstr "数据库查找的选项类" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:616 +msgid "``'Relief'``" +msgstr "``'Relief'``" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:619 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:619 +msgid "default value" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:619 +msgid "``'raised'``" +msgstr "``'raised'``" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:621 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:621 +msgid "current value" +msgstr "当前值" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:621 +msgid "``'groove'``" +msgstr "``'groove'``" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:624 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:626 +msgid "" +">>> print(fred.config())\n" +"{'relief': ('relief', 'relief', 'Relief', 'raised', 'groove')}" +msgstr "" +">>> print(fred.config())\n" +"{'relief': ('relief', 'relief', 'Relief', 'raised', 'groove')}" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:629 +msgid "" +"Of course, the dictionary printed will include all the options available and" +" their values. This is meant only as an example." +msgstr "当然，输出的字典将包含所有可用选项及其值。这里只是举个例子。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:634 +msgid "The Packer" +msgstr "包装器" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:638 +msgid "" +"The packer is one of Tk's geometry-management mechanisms. Geometry " +"managers are used to specify the relative positioning of widgets within " +"their container - their mutual *master*. In contrast to the more cumbersome" +" *placer* (which is used less commonly, and we do not cover here), the " +"packer takes qualitative relationship specification - *above*, *to the left " +"of*, *filling*, etc - and works everything out to determine the exact " +"placement coordinates for you." +msgstr "" +"包装器是 Tk 的形状管理机制之一。 形状（geometry ）管理器用于指定多个部件在容器（共同的 *主* 组件）内的相对位置。与更为麻烦的 " +"*定位器* 相比（不太常用，这里不做介绍），包装器可接受定性的相对关系—— *上面* 、*左边* 、*填充* 等，并确定精确的位置坐标。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:645 +msgid "" +"The size of any *master* widget is determined by the size of the \"slave " +"widgets\" inside. The packer is used to control where slave widgets appear " +"inside the master into which they are packed. You can pack widgets into " +"frames, and frames into other frames, in order to achieve the kind of layout" +" you desire. Additionally, the arrangement is dynamically adjusted to " +"accommodate incremental changes to the configuration, once it is packed." +msgstr "" +"*主* 部件的大小都由其内部的 “从属部件” " +"的大小决定。包装器用于控制从属部件在主部件中出现的位置。可以把部件包入框架，再把框架包入其他框架中，搭建出所需的布局。此外，只要完成了包装，组件的布局就会进行动态调整，以适应布局参数的变化。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:652 +msgid "" +"Note that widgets do not appear until they have had their geometry specified" +" with a geometry manager. It's a common early mistake to leave out the " +"geometry specification, and then be surprised when the widget is created but" +" nothing appears. A widget will appear only after it has had, for example, " +"the packer's :meth:`pack` method applied to it." +msgstr "" +"请注意，只有用形状管理器指定几何形状后，部件才会显示出来。忘记设置形状参数是新手常犯的错误，惊讶于创建完部件却啥都没出现。部件只有在应用了类似于打包器的" +" :meth:`pack` 方法之后才会显示在屏幕上。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:658 +msgid "" +"The pack() method can be called with keyword-option/value pairs that control" +" where the widget is to appear within its container, and how it is to behave" +" when the main application window is resized. Here are some examples::" +msgstr "" +"调用 pack() 方法时可以给出由关键字/参数值组成的键值对，以便控制组件在其容器中出现的位置，以及主程序窗口大小变动时的行为。下面是一些例子：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:662 +msgid "" +"fred.pack() # defaults to side = \"top\"\n" +"fred.pack(side=\"left\")\n" +"fred.pack(expand=1)" +msgstr "" +"fred.pack() # 默认为 side = \"top\"\n" +"fred.pack(side=\"left\")\n" +"fred.pack(expand=1)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:668 +msgid "Packer Options" +msgstr "包装器的参数" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:670 +msgid "" +"For more extensive information on the packer and the options that it can " +"take, see the man pages and page 183 of John Ousterhout's book." +msgstr "关于包装器及其可接受的参数，更多信息请参阅 man 手册和 John Ousterhout 书中的第 183 页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:673 ../../library/tkinter.rst:792 +msgid "anchor" +msgstr "anchor" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:674 +msgid "" +"Anchor type. Denotes where the packer is to place each slave in its parcel." +msgstr "anchor 类型。 表示包装器要放置的每个从属组件的位置。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:676 +msgid "expand" +msgstr "expand" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:677 +msgid "Boolean, ``0`` or ``1``." +msgstr "布尔型，``0`` 或 ``1`` 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:679 +msgid "fill" +msgstr "fill" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:680 +msgid "Legal values: ``'x'``, ``'y'``, ``'both'``, ``'none'``." +msgstr "合法值为：``'x'`` 、``'y'`` 、``'both'`` 、``'none'``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:682 +msgid "ipadx and ipady" +msgstr "ipadx 和 ipady" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:683 +msgid "" +"A distance - designating internal padding on each side of the slave widget." +msgstr "距离值，指定从属部件的内边距。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:685 +msgid "padx and pady" +msgstr "padx 和 pady" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:686 +msgid "" +"A distance - designating external padding on each side of the slave widget." +msgstr "距离值，指定从属部件的外边距。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:688 +msgid "side" +msgstr "side" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:689 +msgid "Legal values are: ``'left'``, ``'right'``, ``'top'``, ``'bottom'``." +msgstr "合法值为：``'left'``、 ``'right'`` 、 ``'top'``、 ``'bottom'``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:693 +msgid "Coupling Widget Variables" +msgstr "部件与变量的关联" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:695 +msgid "" +"The current-value setting of some widgets (like text entry widgets) can be " +"connected directly to application variables by using special options. These" +" options are ``variable``, ``textvariable``, ``onvalue``, ``offvalue``, and " +"``value``. This connection works both ways: if the variable changes for any" +" reason, the widget it's connected to will be updated to reflect the new " +"value." +msgstr "" +"通过一些特定参数，某些组件（如文本输入组件）的当前设置可直接与应用程序的变量关联。这些参数包括 ``variable`` 、 " +"``textvariable`` 、 ``onvalue`` 、 ``offvalue`` 、 " +"``value``。这种关联是双向的：只要这些变量因任何原因发生变化，其关联的部件就会更新以反映新的参数值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:701 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, in the current implementation of :mod:`tkinter` it is not " +"possible to hand over an arbitrary Python variable to a widget through a " +"``variable`` or ``textvariable`` option. The only kinds of variables for " +"which this works are variables that are subclassed from a class called " +"Variable, defined in :mod:`tkinter`." +msgstr "" +"不幸的是，在目前 :mod:`tkinter` 的实现代码中，不可能通过 ``variable`` 或 ``textvariable`` 参数将任意 " +"Python 变量移交给组件。变量只有是 :mod:`tkinter` 中定义的 Variable 类的子类，才能生效。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:707 +msgid "" +"There are many useful subclasses of Variable already defined: " +":class:`StringVar`, :class:`IntVar`, :class:`DoubleVar`, and " +":class:`BooleanVar`. To read the current value of such a variable, call the" +" :meth:`get` method on it, and to change its value you call the :meth:`!set`" +" method. If you follow this protocol, the widget will always track the " +"value of the variable, with no further intervention on your part." +msgstr "" +"已经定义了很多有用的 Variable 子类： :class:`StringVar` 、 :class:`IntVar` " +"、:class:`DoubleVar` 和 :class:`BooleanVar`。调用 :meth:`get` 方法可以读取这些变量的当前值；调用 " +":meth:`!set` 方法则可改变变量值。只要遵循这种用法，组件就会保持跟踪变量的值，而不需要更多的干预。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:714 ../../library/tkinter.rst:894 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:716 +msgid "" +"import tkinter as tk\n" +"\n" +"class App(tk.Frame):\n" +" def __init__(self, master):\n" +" super().__init__(master)\n" +" self.pack()\n" +"\n" +" self.entrythingy = tk.Entry()\n" +" self.entrythingy.pack()\n" +"\n" +" # Create the application variable.\n" +" self.contents = tk.StringVar()\n" +" # Set it to some value.\n" +" self.contents.set(\"this is a variable\")\n" +" # Tell the entry widget to watch this variable.\n" +" self.entrythingy[\"textvariable\"] = self.contents\n" +"\n" +" # Define a callback for when the user hits return.\n" +" # It prints the current value of the variable.\n" +" self.entrythingy.bind('',\n" +" self.print_contents)\n" +"\n" +" def print_contents(self, event):\n" +" print(\"Hi. The current entry content is:\",\n" +" self.contents.get())\n" +"\n" +"root = tk.Tk()\n" +"myapp = App(root)\n" +"myapp.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"import tkinter as tk\n" +"\n" +"class App(tk.Frame):\n" +" def __init__(self, master):\n" +" super().__init__(master)\n" +" self.pack()\n" +"\n" +" self.entrythingy = tk.Entry()\n" +" self.entrythingy.pack()\n" +"\n" +" # 创建应用程序变量。\n" +" self.contents = tk.StringVar()\n" +" # 将其设为特定的值。\n" +" self.contents.set(\"this is a variable\")\n" +" # 告诉输入控件监视此变量。\n" +" self.entrythingy[\"textvariable\"] = self.contents\n" +"\n" +" # 定义一个回调在用户按下回车时调用。\n" +" # 它将打印变量的当前值。\n" +" self.entrythingy.bind('',\n" +" self.print_contents)\n" +"\n" +" def print_contents(self, event):\n" +" print(\"Hi. The current entry content is:\",\n" +" self.contents.get())\n" +"\n" +"root = tk.Tk()\n" +"myapp = App(root)\n" +"myapp.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:747 +msgid "The Window Manager" +msgstr "窗口管理器" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:751 +msgid "" +"In Tk, there is a utility command, ``wm``, for interacting with the window " +"manager. Options to the ``wm`` command allow you to control things like " +"titles, placement, icon bitmaps, and the like. In :mod:`tkinter`, these " +"commands have been implemented as methods on the :class:`Wm` class. " +"Toplevel widgets are subclassed from the :class:`Wm` class, and so can call " +"the :class:`Wm` methods directly." +msgstr "" +"Tk 有个实用命令 ``wm``，用于与窗口管理器进行交互。``wm`` 命令的参数可用于控制标题、位置、图标之类的东西。在 " +":mod:`tkinter` 中，这些命令已被实现为 :class:`Wm` 类的方法。顶层部件是 :class:`Wm` 类的子类，所以可以直接调用 " +":class:`Wm` 的这些方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:758 +msgid "" +"To get at the toplevel window that contains a given widget, you can often " +"just refer to the widget's master. Of course if the widget has been packed " +"inside of a frame, the master won't represent a toplevel window. To get at " +"the toplevel window that contains an arbitrary widget, you can call the " +":meth:`_root` method. This method begins with an underscore to denote the " +"fact that this function is part of the implementation, and not an interface " +"to Tk functionality." +msgstr "" +"要获得指定部件所在的顶层窗口，通常只要引用该部件的主窗口即可。当然，如果该部件是包装在框架内的，那么主窗口不代表就是顶层窗口。为了获得任意组件所在的顶层窗口，可以调用" +" :meth:`_root` 方法。该方法以下划线开头，表明其为 Python 实现的代码，而非 Tk 提供的某个接口。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:765 +msgid "Here are some examples of typical usage::" +msgstr "以下是一些典型用法：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:767 +msgid "" +"import tkinter as tk\n" +"\n" +"class App(tk.Frame):\n" +" def __init__(self, master=None):\n" +" super().__init__(master)\n" +" self.pack()\n" +"\n" +"# create the application\n" +"myapp = App()\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# here are method calls to the window manager class\n" +"#\n" +"myapp.master.title(\"My Do-Nothing Application\")\n" +"myapp.master.maxsize(1000, 400)\n" +"\n" +"# start the program\n" +"myapp.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"import tkinter as tk\n" +"\n" +"class App(tk.Frame):\n" +" def __init__(self, master=None):\n" +" super().__init__(master)\n" +" self.pack()\n" +"\n" +"# 创建应用程序\n" +"myapp = App()\n" +"\n" +"#\n" +"# 以下是对窗口管理器类的方法调用\n" +"#\n" +"myapp.master.title(\"My Do-Nothing Application\")\n" +"myapp.master.maxsize(1000, 400)\n" +"\n" +"# 启动程序\n" +"myapp.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:788 ../../library/tkinter.rst:790 +msgid "Tk Option Data Types" +msgstr "Tk 参数的数据类型" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:793 +msgid "" +"Legal values are points of the compass: ``\"n\"``, ``\"ne\"``, ``\"e\"``, " +"``\"se\"``, ``\"s\"``, ``\"sw\"``, ``\"w\"``, ``\"nw\"``, and also " +"``\"center\"``." +msgstr "" +"合法值是罗盘的方位点：``\"n\"`` 、``\"ne\"`` 、``\"e\"`` 、``\"se\"`` 、``\"s\"`` " +"、``\"sw\"`` 、``\"w\"`` 、``\"nw\"`` 和 ``\"center\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:796 +msgid "bitmap" +msgstr "bitmap" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:797 +msgid "" +"There are eight built-in, named bitmaps: ``'error'``, ``'gray25'``, " +"``'gray50'``, ``'hourglass'``, ``'info'``, ``'questhead'``, ``'question'``, " +"``'warning'``. To specify an X bitmap filename, give the full path to the " +"file, preceded with an ``@``, as in ``\"@/usr/contrib/bitmap/gumby.bit\"``." +msgstr "" +"内置已命名的位图有八个：``'error'``、 ``'gray25'`` 、``'gray50'`` 、``'hourglass'``、 " +"``'info'`` 、``'questhead'`` 、``'question'`` 、``'warning'`` " +"。若要指定位图的文件名，请给出完整路径，前面加一个 ``@``，比如 ``\"@/usr/contrib/bitmap/gumby.bit\"``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:802 +msgid "boolean" +msgstr "boolean" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:803 +msgid "You can pass integers 0 or 1 or the strings ``\"yes\"`` or ``\"no\"``." +msgstr "可以传入整数 0 或 1，或是字符串 ``\"yes\"`` 或 ``\"no\"``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:805 +msgid "callback" +msgstr "callback -- 回调" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:806 +msgid "This is any Python function that takes no arguments. For example::" +msgstr "指任何无需调用参数的 Python 函数。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:808 +msgid "" +"def print_it():\n" +" print(\"hi there\")\n" +"fred[\"command\"] = print_it" +msgstr "" +"def print_it():\n" +" print(\"hi there\")\n" +"fred[\"command\"] = print_it" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:812 +msgid "color" +msgstr "color" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:813 +msgid "" +"Colors can be given as the names of X colors in the rgb.txt file, or as " +"strings representing RGB values in 4 bit: ``\"#RGB\"``, 8 bit: " +"``\"#RRGGBB\"``, 12 bit: ``\"#RRRGGGBBB\"``, or 16 bit: " +"``\"#RRRRGGGGBBBB\"`` ranges, where R,G,B here represent any legal hex " +"digit. See page 160 of Ousterhout's book for details." +msgstr "" +"可在 rgb.txt 文件中以颜色名的形式给出，或是 RGB 字符串的形式，4 位 ：``\"#RGB\"`` ，8 位 " +"：``\"#RRGGBB\"``，12 位：``\"#RRRGGGBBB\"``，16 位：``\"#RRRRGGGGBBBB\"``，其中R、G、B " +"为合法的十六进制数值。 详见 Ousterhout 书中的第 160 页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:818 +msgid "cursor" +msgstr "cursor" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:819 +msgid "" +"The standard X cursor names from :file:`cursorfont.h` can be used, without " +"the ``XC_`` prefix. For example to get a hand cursor (:const:`XC_hand2`), " +"use the string ``\"hand2\"``. You can also specify a bitmap and mask file " +"of your own. See page 179 of Ousterhout's book." +msgstr "" +"可采用 :file:`cursorfont.h` 中的标准光标名称，去掉 ``XC_`` 前缀。 " +"比如要获取一个手形光标（:const:`XC_hand2`），可以用字符串 ``\"hand2\"``。也可以指定自己的位图和掩码文件作为光标。参见 " +"Ousterhout 书中的第 179 页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:824 +msgid "distance" +msgstr "distance" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:825 +msgid "" +"Screen distances can be specified in either pixels or absolute distances. " +"Pixels are given as numbers and absolute distances as strings, with the " +"trailing character denoting units: ``c`` for centimetres, ``i`` for inches, " +"``m`` for millimetres, ``p`` for printer's points. For example, 3.5 inches " +"is expressed as ``\"3.5i\"``." +msgstr "" +"屏幕距离可以用像素或绝对距离来指定。像素是数字，绝对距离是字符串，后面的字符表示单位：``c`` 是厘米，``i`` 是英寸，``m`` " +"是毫米，``p`` 则表示打印机的点数。例如，3.5 英寸可表示为 ``\"3.5i\"``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:831 +msgid "font" +msgstr "font" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:832 +msgid "" +"Tk uses a list font name format, such as ``{courier 10 bold}``. Font sizes " +"with positive numbers are measured in points; sizes with negative numbers " +"are measured in pixels." +msgstr "Tk 采用一串名称的格式表示字体，例如 ``{courier 10 bold}``。正数的字体大小以点为单位，负数的大小以像素为单位。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:836 +msgid "geometry" +msgstr "geometry" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:837 +msgid "" +"This is a string of the form ``widthxheight``, where width and height are " +"measured in pixels for most widgets (in characters for widgets displaying " +"text). For example: ``fred[\"geometry\"] = \"200x100\"``." +msgstr "" +"这是一个 ``widthxheight`` " +"形式的字符串，其中宽度和高度对于大多数部件来说是以像素为单位的（对于显示文本的部件来说是以字符为单位的）。例如：fred[\"geometry\"] =" +" \"200x100\"。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:841 +msgid "justify" +msgstr "justify" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:842 +msgid "" +"Legal values are the strings: ``\"left\"``, ``\"center\"``, ``\"right\"``, " +"and ``\"fill\"``." +msgstr "合法的值为字符串： ``\"left\"`` 、 ``\"center\"`` 、 ``\"right\"`` 和 ``\"fill\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:845 +msgid "region" +msgstr "region" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:846 +msgid "" +"This is a string with four space-delimited elements, each of which is a " +"legal distance (see above). For example: ``\"2 3 4 5\"`` and ``\"3i 2i 4.5i" +" 2i\"`` and ``\"3c 2c 4c 10.43c\"`` are all legal regions." +msgstr "" +"这是包含四个元素的字符串，以空格分隔，每个元素是表示一个合法的距离值（见上文）。例如：``\"2 3 4 5\"`` 、 ``\"3i 2i 4.5i " +"2i\"`` 和 ``\"3c 2c 4c 10.43c\"`` 都是合法的区域值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:850 +msgid "relief" +msgstr "relief" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:851 +msgid "" +"Determines what the border style of a widget will be. Legal values are: " +"``\"raised\"``, ``\"sunken\"``, ``\"flat\"``, ``\"groove\"``, and " +"``\"ridge\"``." +msgstr "" +"决定了组件的边框样式。 合法值包括：``\"raised\"``、 ``\"sunken\"`` 、``\"flat\"`` " +"、``\"groove\"`` 和 ``\"ridge\"`` 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:854 +msgid "scrollcommand" +msgstr "scrollcommand" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:855 +msgid "" +"This is almost always the :meth:`!set` method of some scrollbar widget, but " +"can be any widget method that takes a single argument." +msgstr "这几乎就是带滚动条部件的 :meth:`!set` 方法，但也可是任一只有一个参数的部件方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:858 +msgid "wrap" +msgstr "wrap" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:859 +msgid "Must be one of: ``\"none\"``, ``\"char\"``, or ``\"word\"``." +msgstr "只能是以下值之一：``\"none\"`` 、 ``\"char\"`` 、 ``\"word\"``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:864 +msgid "Bindings and Events" +msgstr "绑定和事件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:870 +msgid "" +"The bind method from the widget command allows you to watch for certain " +"events and to have a callback function trigger when that event type occurs." +" The form of the bind method is::" +msgstr "部件命令中的 bind 方法可觉察某些事件，并在事件发生时触发一个回调函数。bind 方法的形式是：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:874 +msgid "def bind(self, sequence, func, add=''):" +msgstr "def bind(self, sequence, func, add=''):" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:876 +msgid "where:" +msgstr "其中：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:878 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:879 +msgid "" +"is a string that denotes the target kind of event. (See the " +":manpage:`bind(3tk)` man page, and page 201 of John Ousterhout's book, " +":title-reference:`Tcl and the Tk Toolkit (2nd edition)`, for details)." +msgstr "" +"是一个表示事件的目标种类的字符串。（详情请看 :manpage:`bind(3tk) 的手册页和 John Outsterhout 的书，:title-" +"reference:`Tcl and the Tk Toolkit (2nd edition)`，第 201 页。）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:883 +msgid "func" +msgstr "func" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:884 +msgid "" +"is a Python function, taking one argument, to be invoked when the event " +"occurs. An Event instance will be passed as the argument. (Functions " +"deployed this way are commonly known as *callbacks*.)" +msgstr "" +"是带有一个参数的 Python 函数，发生事件时将会调用。传入的参数为一个 Event 实例。（以这种方式部署的函数通常称为 *回调函数*。）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:888 +msgid "add" +msgstr "add" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:889 +msgid "" +"is optional, either ``''`` or ``'+'``. Passing an empty string denotes that" +" this binding is to replace any other bindings that this event is associated" +" with. Passing a ``'+'`` means that this function is to be added to the " +"list of functions bound to this event type." +msgstr "" +"可选项， ``''`` 或 ``'+'`` 。传入空字符串表示本次绑定将替换与此事件关联的其他所有绑定。传递 ``'+'`` " +"则意味着加入此事件类型已绑定函数的列表中。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:896 +msgid "" +"def turn_red(self, event):\n" +" event.widget[\"activeforeground\"] = \"red\"\n" +"\n" +"self.button.bind(\"\", self.turn_red)" +msgstr "" +"def turn_red(self, event):\n" +" event.widget[\"activeforeground\"] = \"red\"\n" +"\n" +"self.button.bind(\"\", self.turn_red)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:901 +msgid "" +"Notice how the widget field of the event is being accessed in the " +"``turn_red()`` callback. This field contains the widget that caught the X " +"event. The following table lists the other event fields you can access, and" +" how they are denoted in Tk, which can be useful when referring to the Tk " +"man pages." +msgstr "" +"请注意，在 ``turn_red()`` 回调函数中如何访问事件的 widget 字段。该字段包含了捕获 X " +"事件的控件。下表列出了事件可供访问的其他字段，及其在 Tk 中的表示方式，这在查看 Tk 手册时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:907 +msgid "Tkinter Event Field" +msgstr "Tkinter 事件字段" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:909 +msgid "%f" +msgstr "%f" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:909 +msgid "focus" +msgstr "focus" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:909 +msgid "%A" +msgstr "%A" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:909 +msgid "char" +msgstr "char" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:911 +msgid "%h" +msgstr "%h" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:911 +msgid "height" +msgstr "height" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:911 +msgid "%E" +msgstr "%E" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:911 +msgid "send_event" +msgstr "send_event" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:913 +msgid "%k" +msgstr "%k" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:913 +msgid "keycode" +msgstr "keycode" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:913 +msgid "%K" +msgstr "%K" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:913 +msgid "keysym" +msgstr "keysym" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:915 +msgid "%s" +msgstr "%s" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:915 +msgid "state" +msgstr "state" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:915 +msgid "%N" +msgstr "%N" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:915 +msgid "keysym_num" +msgstr "keysym_num" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:917 +msgid "%t" +msgstr "%t" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:917 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:917 +msgid "%T" +msgstr "%T" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:917 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:919 +msgid "%w" +msgstr "%w" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:919 +msgid "width" +msgstr "width" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:919 +msgid "%W" +msgstr "%W" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:919 +msgid "widget" +msgstr "widget" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:921 +msgid "%x" +msgstr "%x" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:921 +msgid "x" +msgstr "x" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:921 +msgid "%X" +msgstr "%X" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:921 +msgid "x_root" +msgstr "x_root" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:923 +msgid "%y" +msgstr "%y" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:923 +msgid "y" +msgstr "y" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:923 +msgid "%Y" +msgstr "%Y" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:923 +msgid "y_root" +msgstr "y_root" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:928 +msgid "The index Parameter" +msgstr "index 参数" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:930 +msgid "" +"A number of widgets require \"index\" parameters to be passed. These are " +"used to point at a specific place in a Text widget, or to particular " +"characters in an Entry widget, or to particular menu items in a Menu widget." +msgstr "" +"很多控件都需要传入 index 参数。该参数用于指明 Text 控件中的位置，或指明 Entry 控件中的字符，或指明 Menu 控件中的菜单项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:934 +msgid "Entry widget indexes (index, view index, etc.)" +msgstr "Entry 控件的索引（index、view index 等）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Entry widgets have options that refer to character positions in the text " +"being displayed. You can use these :mod:`tkinter` functions to access these" +" special points in text widgets:" +msgstr "Entry 控件带有索引属性，指向显示文本中的字符位置。这些 :mod:`tkinter` 函数可用于访问文本控件中的这些特定位置：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:939 +msgid "Text widget indexes" +msgstr "Text 控件的索引" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:940 +msgid "" +"The index notation for Text widgets is very rich and is best described in " +"the Tk man pages." +msgstr "Text 控件的索引语法非常复杂，最好还是在 Tk 手册中查看。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:943 +msgid "Menu indexes (menu.invoke(), menu.entryconfig(), etc.)" +msgstr "Menu 索引（menu.invoke()、menu.entryconfig() 等）" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:944 +msgid "" +"Some options and methods for menus manipulate specific menu entries. Anytime" +" a menu index is needed for an option or a parameter, you may pass in:" +msgstr "菜单的某些属性和方法可以操纵特定的菜单项。只要属性或参数需要用到菜单索引，就可用以下方式传入：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:947 +msgid "" +"an integer which refers to the numeric position of the entry in the widget, " +"counted from the top, starting with 0;" +msgstr "一个整数，指的是菜单项的数字位置，从顶部开始计数，从 0 开始；" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:950 +msgid "" +"the string ``\"active\"``, which refers to the menu position that is " +"currently under the cursor;" +msgstr "字符串 ``\"active\"``，指的是当前光标所在的菜单；" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:953 +msgid "the string ``\"last\"`` which refers to the last menu item;" +msgstr "字符串 ``\"last\"``，指的是上一个菜单项；" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:955 +msgid "" +"An integer preceded by ``@``, as in ``@6``, where the integer is interpreted" +" as a y pixel coordinate in the menu's coordinate system;" +msgstr "带有 ``@`` 前缀的整数，比如 ``@6``，这里的整数解释为菜单坐标系中的 y 像素坐标；" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:958 +msgid "" +"the string ``\"none\"``, which indicates no menu entry at all, most often " +"used with menu.activate() to deactivate all entries, and finally," +msgstr "表示没有任何菜单条目的字符串 ``\"none\"`` 经常与 menu.activate() 一同被用来停用所有条目，以及 ——" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:961 +msgid "" +"a text string that is pattern matched against the label of the menu entry, " +"as scanned from the top of the menu to the bottom. Note that this index " +"type is considered after all the others, which means that matches for menu " +"items labelled ``last``, ``active``, or ``none`` may be interpreted as the " +"above literals, instead." +msgstr "" +"与菜单项的文本标签进行模式匹配的文本串，从菜单顶部扫描到底部。请注意，此索引类型是在其他所有索引类型之后才会考虑的，这意味着文本标签为 " +"``last``、``active`` 或 ``none`` 的菜单项匹配成功后，可能会视为这些单词文字本身。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:969 +msgid "Images" +msgstr "图片" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:971 +msgid "" +"Images of different formats can be created through the corresponding " +"subclass of :class:`tkinter.Image`:" +msgstr "通过 :class:`tkinter.Image` 的各种子类可以创建相应格式的图片：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:974 +msgid ":class:`BitmapImage` for images in XBM format." +msgstr ":class:`BitmapImage` 对应 XBM 格式的图片。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:976 +msgid "" +":class:`PhotoImage` for images in PGM, PPM, GIF and PNG formats. The latter " +"is supported starting with Tk 8.6." +msgstr ":class:`PhotoImage` 对应 PGM、PPM、GIF 和 PNG 格式的图片。后者自 Tk 8.6 开始支持。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:979 +msgid "" +"Either type of image is created through either the ``file`` or the ``data`` " +"option (other options are available as well)." +msgstr "这两种图片可通过 ``file`` 或 ``data`` 属性创建的（也可能由其他属性创建）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:982 +msgid "" +"Added the :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy_replace` to copy a region" +" from one image to other image, possibly with pixel zooming and/or " +"subsampling. Add *from_coords* parameter to :class:`!PhotoImage` methods " +":meth:`!copy`, :meth:`!zoom` and :meth:`!subsample`. Add *zoom* and " +"*subsample* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy`." +msgstr "" +"添加了 :class:`!PhotoImage` 方法 :meth:`!copy_replace` " +"以将一个图像的某个区域拷贝到另一个图像，可能带有像素缩放和/或子采样。 为 :class:`!PhotoImage` 方法 :meth:`!copy`," +" :meth:`!zoom` 和 :meth:`!subsample` 添加了 *from_coords* 形参。 为 " +":class:`!PhotoImage` 方法 :meth:`!copy` 添加了 *zoom* 和 *subsample* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:991 +msgid "" +"The image object can then be used wherever an ``image`` option is supported " +"by some widget (e.g. labels, buttons, menus). In these cases, Tk will not " +"keep a reference to the image. When the last Python reference to the image " +"object is deleted, the image data is deleted as well, and Tk will display an" +" empty box wherever the image was used." +msgstr "" +"然后可在某些支持 ``image`` 属性的控件中（如标签、按钮、菜单）使用图片对象。这时，Tk 不会保留对图片对象的引用。当图片对象的最后一个 " +"Python 引用被删除时，图片数据也会删除，并且 Tk 会在用到图片对象的地方显示一个空白框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:999 +msgid "" +"The `Pillow `_ package adds support for formats " +"such as BMP, JPEG, TIFF, and WebP, among others." +msgstr "" +"`Pillow `_ 包增加了对 BMP, JPEG, TIFF 和 WebP " +"等多种格式的支持。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1005 +msgid "File Handlers" +msgstr "文件处理程序" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"Tk allows you to register and unregister a callback function which will be " +"called from the Tk mainloop when I/O is possible on a file descriptor. Only " +"one handler may be registered per file descriptor. Example code::" +msgstr "" +"Tk 允许为文件操作注册和注销一个回调函数，当对文件描述符进行 I/O 时，Tk " +"的主循环会调用该回调函数。每个文件描述符只能注册一个处理程序。示例代码如下：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1011 +msgid "" +"import tkinter\n" +"widget = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"mask = tkinter.READABLE | tkinter.WRITABLE\n" +"widget.tk.createfilehandler(file, mask, callback)\n" +"...\n" +"widget.tk.deletefilehandler(file)" +msgstr "" +"import tkinter\n" +"widget = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"mask = tkinter.READABLE | tkinter.WRITABLE\n" +"widget.tk.createfilehandler(file, mask, callback)\n" +"...\n" +"widget.tk.deletefilehandler(file)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1018 +msgid "This feature is not available on Windows." +msgstr "在 Windows 系统中不可用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"Since you don't know how many bytes are available for reading, you may not " +"want to use the :class:`~io.BufferedIOBase` or :class:`~io.TextIOBase` " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read` or :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` methods, " +"since these will insist on reading a predefined number of bytes. For " +"sockets, the :meth:`~socket.socket.recv` or :meth:`~socket.socket.recvfrom` " +"methods will work fine; for other files, use raw reads or " +"``os.read(file.fileno(), maxbytecount)``." +msgstr "" +"由于不知道可读取多少字节，你可能不希望使用 :class:`~io.BufferedIOBase` 或 :class:`~io.TextIOBase` " +"的 :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read` 或 :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` " +"方法，因为这些方法必须读取预定数量的字节。 对于套接字，可使用 :meth:`~socket.socket.recv` 或 " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recvfrom` 方法；对于其他文件，可使用原始读取方法或 " +"``os.read(file.fileno(), maxbytecount)``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"Registers the file handler callback function *func*. The *file* argument may" +" either be an object with a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method (such as a file" +" or socket object), or an integer file descriptor. The *mask* argument is an" +" ORed combination of any of the three constants below. The callback is " +"called as follows::" +msgstr "" +"注册文件处理程序的回调函数 *func*。 *file* 参数可以是具备 :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` " +"方法的对象（例如文件或套接字对象），也可以是整数文件描述符。 *mask* 参数是下述三个常量的逻辑“或”组合。回调函数将用以下格式调用：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1037 +msgid "callback(file, mask)" +msgstr "callback(file, mask)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1042 +msgid "Unregisters a file handler." +msgstr "注销文件处理函数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:1049 +msgid "Constants used in the *mask* arguments." +msgstr " *mask* 参数用到的常量。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:636 +msgid "packing (widgets)" +msgstr "packing (部件)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:749 +msgid "window manager (widgets)" +msgstr "window manager (部件)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:866 +msgid "bind (widgets)" +msgstr "bind (部件)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.rst:866 +msgid "events (widgets)" +msgstr "events (部件)" diff --git a/library/tkinter.scrolledtext.po b/library/tkinter.scrolledtext.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13ddbc491 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.scrolledtext.po @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Makdon , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.scrolledtext.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tkinter.scrolledtext` --- Scrolled Text Widget" +msgstr ":mod:`!tkinter.scrolledtext` --- 流动文本控件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.scrolledtext.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/scrolledtext.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/tkinter/scrolledtext.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.scrolledtext.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.scrolledtext` module provides a class of the same name " +"which implements a basic text widget which has a vertical scroll bar " +"configured to do the \"right thing.\" Using the :class:`ScrolledText` class" +" is a lot easier than setting up a text widget and scroll bar directly." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter.scrolledtext` 模块提供了一个同名的类，实现了带有垂直滚动条并被配置为可以“正常运作”的文本控件 。 使用 " +":class:`ScrolledText` 类会比直接配置一个文本控件附加滚动条要简单得多。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.scrolledtext.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The text widget and scrollbar are packed together in a :class:`Frame`, and " +"the methods of the :class:`Grid` and :class:`Pack` geometry managers are " +"acquired from the :class:`Frame` object. This allows the " +":class:`ScrolledText` widget to be used directly to achieve most normal " +"geometry management behavior." +msgstr "" +"文本控件与滚动条打包在一个 :class:`Frame` 中， :class:`Grid` 方法和 :class:`Pack` 方法的布局管理器从 " +":class:`Frame` 对象中获得。这允许 :class:`ScrolledText` 控件可以直接用于实现大多数正常的布局管理行为。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.scrolledtext.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Should more specific control be necessary, the following attributes are " +"available:" +msgstr "如果需要更具体的控制，可以使用以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.scrolledtext.rst:32 +msgid "The frame which surrounds the text and scroll bar widgets." +msgstr "围绕文本和滚动条控件的框架。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.scrolledtext.rst:37 +msgid "The scroll bar widget." +msgstr "滚动条控件。" diff --git a/library/tkinter.tix.po b/library/tkinter.tix.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e4512157 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.tix.po @@ -0,0 +1,688 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Jing Li , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-05-10 22:20+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Dai Xu , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`tkinter.tix` --- Extension widgets for Tk" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.tix` --- TK扩展包" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/tix.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/tix.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This Tk extension is unmaintained and should not be used in new code. Use " +":mod:`tkinter.ttk` instead." +msgstr "这个 TK 扩展已无人维护所以请不要在新代码中使用。 请改用 :mod:`tkinter.ttk`。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.tix` (Tk Interface Extension) module provides an " +"additional rich set of widgets. Although the standard Tk library has many " +"useful widgets, they are far from complete. The :mod:`tkinter.tix` library " +"provides most of the commonly needed widgets that are missing from standard " +"Tk: :class:`HList`, :class:`ComboBox`, :class:`Control` (a.k.a. SpinBox) and" +" an assortment of scrollable widgets. :mod:`tkinter.tix` also includes many " +"more widgets that are generally useful in a wide range of applications: " +":class:`NoteBook`, :class:`FileEntry`, :class:`PanedWindow`, etc; there are " +"more than 40 of them." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter.tix` (Tk Interface Extension) 模块提供了更丰富的额外可视化部件集。 虽然标准 Tk " +"库包含许多有用的部件，但还远不够完备。 :mod:`tkinter.tix` 库提供了标准 Tk 所缺少的大量常用部件: :class:`HList`," +" :class:`ComboBox`, :class:`Control` (即 SpinBox) 以及一系列可滚动的部件。 " +":mod:`tkinter.tix` 还包括了大量在多种不同领域的应用中很常用的部件: :class:`NoteBook`, " +":class:`FileEntry`, :class:`PanedWindow` 等等；总共有超过 40 种。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:29 +msgid "" +"With all these new widgets, you can introduce new interaction techniques " +"into applications, creating more useful and more intuitive user interfaces. " +"You can design your application by choosing the most appropriate widgets to " +"match the special needs of your application and users." +msgstr "" +"使用这些新增部件，你可以为应用程序引入新的交互技术，创建更好用且更直观的用户界面。 " +"你在设计应用程序时可以通过选择最适合的部件来匹配你的应用程序和用户的特殊需求。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:36 +msgid "`Tix Homepage `_" +msgstr "`Tix 主页 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The home page for :mod:`Tix`. This includes links to additional " +"documentation and downloads." +msgstr ":mod:`Tix` 的主页。 其中包括附加文档和下载资源的链接。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:40 +msgid "`Tix Man Pages `_" +msgstr "`Tix 指南页面 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:41 +msgid "On-line version of the man pages and reference material." +msgstr "在线版本的指南页面和参考材料。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:43 +msgid "" +"`Tix Programming Guide `_" +msgstr "" +"`Tix 编程指引 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:44 +msgid "On-line version of the programmer's reference material." +msgstr "在线版本的程序员参考材料。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:46 +msgid "" +"`Tix Development Applications " +"`_" +msgstr "`Tix 开发应用程序 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Tix applications for development of Tix and Tkinter programs. Tide " +"applications work under Tk or Tkinter, and include :program:`TixInspect`, an" +" inspector to remotely modify and debug Tix/Tk/Tkinter applications." +msgstr "" +"开发 Tix 和 Tkinter 程序的 Tix 应用。 Tide 应用在 Tk 在 Tkinter 下工作，并包括了 " +":program:`TixInspect`，这是一个可远程修改和调试 Tix/Tk/Tkinter 应用的检查工具。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:53 +msgid "Using Tix" +msgstr "使用 Tix" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Toplevel widget of Tix which represents mostly the main window of an " +"application. It has an associated Tcl interpreter." +msgstr "最常用于代表应用主窗口的最高层级部件。 它具有一个相关联的 Tcl 解释器。interpreter." + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Classes in the :mod:`tkinter.tix` module subclasses the classes in the " +":mod:`tkinter`. The former imports the latter, so to use :mod:`tkinter.tix` " +"with Tkinter, all you need to do is to import one module. In general, you " +"can just import :mod:`tkinter.tix`, and replace the toplevel call to " +":class:`tkinter.Tk` with :class:`tix.Tk`::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter.tix` 模块中的类子类化了 :mod:`tkinter` 中的类。 前者会导入后者，因此 " +":mod:`tkinter.tix` 要使用 Tkinter，你所要做的就是导入一个模块。 通常，你可以只导入 " +":mod:`tkinter.tix`，并将最高层级调用由 :class:`tkinter.Tk` 替换为 :class:`tix.Tk`::" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:71 +msgid "" +"To use :mod:`tkinter.tix`, you must have the Tix widgets installed, usually " +"alongside your installation of the Tk widgets. To test your installation, " +"try the following::" +msgstr "" +"要使用 :mod:`tkinter.tix`，你必须安装有 Tix 部件，通常会与你的 Tk 部分一起安装。 要测试你的安装，请尝试以下代码::" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:81 +msgid "Tix Widgets" +msgstr "Tix 部件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:83 +msgid "" +"`Tix " +"`_ " +"introduces over 40 widget classes to the :mod:`tkinter` repertoire." +msgstr "" +"`Tix " +"`_ 将 " +"40 多个部件 类引入到 :mod:`tkinter` 工具集中。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:88 +msgid "Basic Widgets" +msgstr "基本部件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:93 +msgid "" +"A `Balloon " +"`_ " +"that pops up over a widget to provide help. When the user moves the cursor " +"inside a widget to which a Balloon widget has been bound, a small pop-up " +"window with a descriptive message will be shown on the screen." +msgstr "" +"`Balloon " +"`_ " +"是在部件 上弹出用于提供帮助信息的部件 。 当用户将光标移到一个与 Balloon 部件绑定的部件内时，将在屏幕上弹出一个显示描述性消息的小窗口。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:105 +msgid "" +"The `ButtonBox " +"`_" +" widget creates a box of buttons, such as is commonly used for ``Ok " +"Cancel``." +msgstr "" +"`ButtonBox " +"`_" +" 部件 会创建一组按钮框，例如常用的 ``Ok Cancel`` 按钮框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:115 +msgid "" +"The `ComboBox " +"`_" +" widget is similar to the combo box control in MS Windows. The user can " +"select a choice by either typing in the entry subwidget or selecting from " +"the listbox subwidget." +msgstr "" +"`ComboBox " +"`_" +" 部件 类似于 MS Windows 中的组合框控件。 用户可以通过在输入框子部件中输入或是在列表框子部件中选择来选定一个选项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:127 +msgid "" +"The `Control " +"`_ " +"widget is also known as the :class:`SpinBox` widget. The user can adjust the" +" value by pressing the two arrow buttons or by entering the value directly " +"into the entry. The new value will be checked against the user-defined upper" +" and lower limits." +msgstr "" +"`Control " +"`_ " +"部件又名 :class:`SpinBox` 部件。 用户可通过点按两个方向键或直接输内容来调整数值。 更新的数值将被检查是否在用户定义的上下限之内。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The `LabelEntry " +"`_" +" widget packages an entry widget and a label into one mega widget. It can be" +" used to simplify the creation of \"entry-form\" type of interface." +msgstr "" +"`LabelEntry " +"`_" +" 部件 将输入框部件和标签打包为一个部件。 它可被用来简化“输入表单”类界面的创建。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:151 +msgid "" +"The `LabelFrame " +"`_" +" widget packages a frame widget and a label into one mega widget. To create" +" widgets inside a LabelFrame widget, one creates the new widgets relative to" +" the :attr:`frame` subwidget and manage them inside the :attr:`frame` " +"subwidget." +msgstr "" +"`LabelFrame " +"`_" +" 部件将框架部件和标签打包为一个部件。 要在一个 LabelFrame 部件中创建部件，应当创建与 :attr:`frame` 子部件相关联的新部件并在" +" :attr:`frame` 子部件中管理它们。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:163 +msgid "" +"The `Meter " +"`_ " +"widget can be used to show the progress of a background job which may take a" +" long time to execute." +msgstr "" +"`Meter " +"`_ " +"部件可用来显示可能会耗费很长时间运行的后台任务的进度。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:174 +msgid "" +"The `OptionMenu " +"`_" +" creates a menu button of options." +msgstr "" +"`OptionMenu " +"`_" +" 可创建一个选项按钮菜单。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:184 +msgid "" +"The `PopupMenu " +"`_" +" widget can be used as a replacement of the ``tk_popup`` command. The " +"advantage of the :mod:`Tix` :class:`PopupMenu` widget is it requires less " +"application code to manipulate." +msgstr "" +"`PopupMenu " +"`_" +" 部件可被用来替代 ``tk_popup`` 命令。 :mod:`Tix` :class:`PopupMenu` " +"部件的优势在于它所需要操纵的应用代码较少。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:196 +msgid "" +"The `Select " +"`_ " +"widget is a container of button subwidgets. It can be used to provide radio-" +"box or check-box style of selection options for the user." +msgstr "" +"`Select " +"`_ " +"控件是一组按钮子控件的容器。 它可被用来为用户提供单选钮或复选钮形式的选项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:207 +msgid "" +"The `StdButtonBox " +"`_" +" widget is a group of standard buttons for Motif-like dialog boxes." +msgstr "" +"`StdButtonBox " +"`_" +" 部件是一个用于 Motif 风格对话框的标准按钮组。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:216 +msgid "File Selectors" +msgstr "文件选择器" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:221 +msgid "" +"The `DirList " +"`_ " +"widget displays a list view of a directory, its previous directories and its" +" sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in " +"the list or change to another directory." +msgstr "" +"`DirList " +"`_ " +"部件显示一个目录、它的上级目录和子目录的列表视图。 用户可以选择表中显示的某个目录或切换到另一个目录。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:233 +msgid "" +"The `DirTree " +"`_ " +"widget displays a tree view of a directory, its previous directories and its" +" sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in " +"the list or change to another directory." +msgstr "" +"`DirTree " +"`_ " +"部件显示一个目录、它的上级目录和子目录的树状视图。 用户可以选择其中显示的某个目录或切换到另一个目录。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:245 +msgid "" +"The `DirSelectDialog " +"`_" +" widget presents the directories in the file system in a dialog window. The" +" user can use this dialog window to navigate through the file system to " +"select the desired directory." +msgstr "" +"`DirSelectDialog " +"`_" +" 部件以对话框窗口形式表示文件系统中的目录。 用户可以使用该对话框窗口在文件系统中漫游以选择所需的目录。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The :class:`DirSelectBox` is similar to the standard Motif(TM) directory-" +"selection box. It is generally used for the user to choose a directory. " +"DirSelectBox stores the directories mostly recently selected into a ComboBox" +" widget so that they can be quickly selected again." +msgstr "" +":class:`DirSelectBox` 类似于标准的 Motif(TM) 目录选择框。 它通常用于让用户选择一个目录。 DirSelectBox " +"会将最近选择的目录存放在一个 ComboBox 部件中以便可以再次快速地选择它们。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:265 +msgid "" +"The `ExFileSelectBox " +"`_" +" widget is usually embedded in a tixExFileSelectDialog widget. It provides a" +" convenient method for the user to select files. The style of the " +":class:`ExFileSelectBox` widget is very similar to the standard file dialog " +"on MS Windows 3.1." +msgstr "" +"`ExFileSelectBox " +"`_" +" 部件通常是嵌入在 tixExFileSelectDialog 部件中。 它为用户提供了一种方便的选择文件方法。 " +":class:`ExFileSelectBox` 部件的风格非常类似于 MS Windows 3.1 中的标准文件对话框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:278 +msgid "" +"The `FileSelectBox " +"`_" +" is similar to the standard Motif(TM) file-selection box. It is generally " +"used for the user to choose a file. FileSelectBox stores the files mostly " +"recently selected into a :class:`ComboBox` widget so that they can be " +"quickly selected again." +msgstr "" +"`FileSelectBox " +"`_" +" 类似于标准的 Motif(TM) 文件选择框。 它通常用于让用户选择一个文件。 FileSelectBox 会将最近选择的文件存放在一个 " +":class:`ComboBox` 部件中以便可以再次快速地选择它们。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:291 +msgid "" +"The `FileEntry " +"`_" +" widget can be used to input a filename. The user can type in the filename " +"manually. Alternatively, the user can press the button widget that sits next" +" to the entry, which will bring up a file selection dialog." +msgstr "" +"`FileEntry " +"`_" +" 部件可被用于输入一个文件名。 用户可以手动输入文件名。 或者用户也可以按输入框旁边的按钮部件，这将打开一个文件选择对话框。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:302 +msgid "Hierarchical ListBox" +msgstr "层级式列表框" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The `HList " +"`_ " +"widget can be used to display any data that have a hierarchical structure, " +"for example, file system directory trees. The list entries are indented and " +"connected by branch lines according to their places in the hierarchy." +msgstr "" +"`HList " +"`_ " +"部件可被用于显示任何具有层级结构的数据，例如文件系统目录树。 其中的列表条目带有缩进并按照排泄物的层级中的位置以分支线段相连。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:319 +msgid "" +"The `CheckList " +"`_" +" widget displays a list of items to be selected by the user. CheckList acts " +"similarly to the Tk checkbutton or radiobutton widgets, except it is capable" +" of handling many more items than checkbuttons or radiobuttons." +msgstr "" +"`CheckList " +"`_" +" 部件可显示一个供用户选择的条目列表。 CheckList 的功能类似于 Tk 复选钮或单选钮部件，不同之处在于它能够处理比复选钮或单选钮多得多的条目。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:335 +msgid "" +"The `Tree " +"`_ " +"widget can be used to display hierarchical data in a tree form. The user can" +" adjust the view of the tree by opening or closing parts of the tree." +msgstr "" +"`Tree " +"`_ " +"部件可被用于以树形显示具有层级结构的数据。 用户可以通过打开或关闭部分树枝来调整树形视图。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:347 +msgid "Tabular ListBox" +msgstr "表格式列表框" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:352 +msgid "" +"The `TList " +"`_ " +"widget can be used to display data in a tabular format. The list entries of " +"a :class:`TList` widget are similar to the entries in the Tk listbox widget." +" The main differences are (1) the :class:`TList` widget can display the " +"list entries in a two dimensional format and (2) you can use graphical " +"images as well as multiple colors and fonts for the list entries." +msgstr "" +"`TList " +"`_ " +"部件可被用于以表格形式显示数据。 :class:`TList` 部件中的列表条目类似 Tk 列表框部件中的条目。 主要区别在于 (1) " +":class:`TList` 部件能以二维格式显示列表条目 (2) 你可以在列表条目中使用图片以及多种颜色和字体。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:375 +msgid "Manager Widgets" +msgstr "管理器部件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:380 +msgid "" +"The `PanedWindow " +"`_" +" widget allows the user to interactively manipulate the sizes of several " +"panes. The panes can be arranged either vertically or horizontally. The " +"user changes the sizes of the panes by dragging the resize handle between " +"two panes." +msgstr "" +"`PanedWindow " +"`_" +" 部件允许用户交互式地控件多个面板的大小。 这些面板可以垂直或水平地排列。 用户通过拖动两个面板间的控制柄来改变面板的大小。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:392 +msgid "" +"The `ListNoteBook " +"`_" +" widget is very similar to the :class:`TixNoteBook` widget: it can be used " +"to display many windows in a limited space using a notebook metaphor. The " +"notebook is divided into a stack of pages (windows). At one time only one of" +" these pages can be shown. The user can navigate through these pages by " +"choosing the name of the desired page in the :attr:`hlist` subwidget." +msgstr "" +"`ListNoteBook " +"`_" +" 部件非常类似于 :class:`TixNoteBook` 部件：它可被用于在有限空间内显示多个窗口，就像是一个笔记本。 " +"笔记本被分成许多重叠的页面（窗口）。 同一时刻只能显示其中一个页面。 用户可以通过在 :attr:`hlist` " +"子部件中选择所需页面的名称来切换这些页面。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:406 +msgid "" +"The `NoteBook " +"`_" +" widget can be used to display many windows in a limited space using a " +"notebook metaphor. The notebook is divided into a stack of pages. At one " +"time only one of these pages can be shown. The user can navigate through " +"these pages by choosing the visual \"tabs\" at the top of the NoteBook " +"widget." +msgstr "" +"`NoteBook " +"`_" +" 部件可被用于在有限空间内显示多个窗口，就像是一个笔记本。 笔记本被分成许多重叠的页面。 同一时刻只能显示其中一个页面。 用户可以通过选择 " +"NoteBook 部件顶端的可视化“选项卡”来切换这些页面。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:428 +msgid "Image Types" +msgstr "图像类型" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:430 +msgid "The :mod:`tkinter.tix` module adds:" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.tix` 模块增加了:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:432 +msgid "" +"`pixmap " +"`_ " +"capabilities to all :mod:`tkinter.tix` and :mod:`tkinter` widgets to create " +"color images from XPM files." +msgstr "" +"`pixmap " +"`_ " +"功能提供给所有 :mod:`tkinter.tix` 和 :mod:`tkinter` 部件以使用 XPM 文件创建彩色图像。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:441 +msgid "" +"`Compound " +"`_ " +"image types can be used to create images that consists of multiple " +"horizontal lines; each line is composed of a series of items (texts, " +"bitmaps, images or spaces) arranged from left to right. For example, a " +"compound image can be used to display a bitmap and a text string " +"simultaneously in a Tk :class:`Button` widget." +msgstr "" +"`Compound " +"`_ " +"图像类型可被用于创建由许多水平行构成的图像；每一行都包含从左至右排列的一组条目（文本、位图、图像或空白）。 例如，某个组合图像可被用于在一个 Tk " +":class:`Button` 部件内同时显示一张位图和一个文本字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:460 +msgid "Miscellaneous Widgets" +msgstr "其他部件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:465 +msgid "" +"The `InputOnly " +"`_" +" widgets are to accept inputs from the user, which can be done with the " +"``bind`` command (Unix only)." +msgstr "" +"`InputOnly " +"`_" +" 部件用于接受来自用户的输入，此功能可通过 ``bind`` 命令实现（仅限 Unix）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:472 +msgid "Form Geometry Manager" +msgstr "表单布局管理器" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:474 +msgid "In addition, :mod:`tkinter.tix` augments :mod:`tkinter` by providing:" +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.tix` 还额外提供了以下部件来增强 :mod:`tkinter` 的功能:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:479 +msgid "" +"The `Form " +"`_ " +"geometry manager based on attachment rules for all Tk widgets." +msgstr "" +"`Form " +"`_ " +"布局管理器是以针对所有 Tk 部件的附加规则为基础的。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:485 +msgid "Tix Commands" +msgstr "Tix 命令" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:490 +msgid "" +"The `tix commands " +"`_ provide" +" access to miscellaneous elements of :mod:`Tix`'s internal state and the " +":mod:`Tix` application context. Most of the information manipulated by " +"these methods pertains to the application as a whole, or to a screen or " +"display, rather than to a particular window." +msgstr "" +"`tix 命令 `_" +" 提供了对 :mod:`Tix` 内部状态和 :mod:`Tix` 应用程序上下文等杂项元素的访问。 " +"大部分由这些方法控制的信息会作为一个整体发给应用程序，或是发给一个屏幕或显示区域，而不是某个特定窗口。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:497 +msgid "To view the current settings, the common usage is::" +msgstr "要查看当前的设置，通常的用法是::" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Query or modify the configuration options of the Tix application context. If" +" no option is specified, returns a dictionary all of the available options." +" If option is specified with no value, then the method returns a list " +"describing the one named option (this list will be identical to the " +"corresponding sublist of the value returned if no option is specified). If " +"one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the method modifies the " +"given option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the method returns " +"an empty string. Option may be any of the configuration options." +msgstr "" +"查询或修改 Tix 应用程序上下文的配置选项。 如果未指定任何选项，则返回包含所有选项的字典。 " +"如果指定了不带值的选项，则该方法返回描述指定选项的列表（如果未指定选项则此列表与所返回值对应的子列表相同）。 如果指定了一个或多个选项-" +"值对，则该方法会将指定的选项修改为指定的值；在此情况下该方法将返回一个空字符串。 选项可以是配置选项中的任何一个。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Returns the current value of the configuration option given by *option*. " +"Option may be any of the configuration options." +msgstr "返回由 *option* 给出的配置选项的当前值。 选项可以是配置选项中的任何一个。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:524 +msgid "" +"Locates a bitmap file of the name ``name.xpm`` or ``name`` in one of the " +"bitmap directories (see the :meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` method). By using " +":meth:`tix_getbitmap`, you can avoid hard coding the pathnames of the bitmap" +" files in your application. When successful, it returns the complete " +"pathname of the bitmap file, prefixed with the character ``@``. The " +"returned value can be used to configure the ``bitmap`` option of the Tk and " +"Tix widgets." +msgstr "" +"在某个位图目录中定位名称为 ``name.xpm`` 或 ``name`` 的位图文件（位图目录参见 :meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` " +"方法）。 通过使用 :meth:`tix_getbitmap`，你可以避免在你的应用程序中硬编码位图文件的路径名。 " +"执行成功时，它返回位图文件的完整路径名，并带有前缀字符 ``@``。 返回值可被用于配置 Tk 和 Tix 部件的 ``bitmap`` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Tix maintains a list of directories under which the :meth:`tix_getimage` and" +" :meth:`tix_getbitmap` methods will search for image files. The standard " +"bitmap directory is :file:`$TIX_LIBRARY/bitmaps`. The " +":meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` method adds *directory* into this list. By using " +"this method, the image files of an applications can also be located using " +"the :meth:`tix_getimage` or :meth:`tix_getbitmap` method." +msgstr "" +"Tix 维护了一个列表以供 :meth:`tix_getimage` 和 :meth:`tix_getbitmap` 方法在其中搜索图像文件。 " +"标准位图目录是 :file:`$TIX_LIBRARY/bitmaps`。 :meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` 方法向该列表添加了 " +"*directory*。 通过使用此方法，应用程序的图像文件也可使用 :meth:`tix_getimage` 或 " +":meth:`tix_getbitmap` 方法来定位。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Returns the file selection dialog that may be shared among different calls " +"from this application. This method will create a file selection dialog " +"widget when it is called the first time. This dialog will be returned by all" +" subsequent calls to :meth:`tix_filedialog`. An optional dlgclass parameter" +" can be passed as a string to specified what type of file selection dialog " +"widget is desired. Possible options are ``tix``, ``FileSelectDialog`` or " +"``tixExFileSelectDialog``." +msgstr "" +"返回可在来自该应用程序的同不调用之间共享的选择对话框。 此方法将在首次被调用时创建一个选择对话框部件。 此后对 " +":meth:`tix_filedialog` 的所有调用都将返回该对话框。 可以传入一个字符串形式的可选形参 dlgclass " +"来指明所需的选择对话框类型。 可用的选项有 ``tix``, ``FileSelectDialog`` 或 " +"``tixExFileSelectDialog``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Locates an image file of the name :file:`name.xpm`, :file:`name.xbm` or " +":file:`name.ppm` in one of the bitmap directories (see the " +":meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` method above). If more than one file with the same " +"name (but different extensions) exist, then the image type is chosen " +"according to the depth of the X display: xbm images are chosen on monochrome" +" displays and color images are chosen on color displays. By using " +":meth:`tix_getimage`, you can avoid hard coding the pathnames of the image " +"files in your application. When successful, this method returns the name of " +"the newly created image, which can be used to configure the ``image`` option" +" of the Tk and Tix widgets." +msgstr "" +"在某个位图目录（参见上文的 :meth:`tix_addbitmapdir` 方法）中定位名为 :file:`name.xpm`, " +":file:`name.xbm` 或 :file:`name.ppm` 的图像文件。 如果存在多个同名文件（但扩展名不同），则会按照 X " +"显示的深度选择图像类型：单色显示选择 xbm 图像而彩色显示则选择彩色图像。 通过使用 " +":meth:`tix_getimage`，你可以避免在你的应用程序中硬编码图像文件的路径名。 当执行成功时，此方法将返回新创建图像的名称，它可被用于配置" +" Tk 和 Tix 部件的 ``image`` 选项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:567 +msgid "Gets the options maintained by the Tix scheme mechanism." +msgstr "获取由 Tix 方案机制维护的选项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:572 +msgid "" +"Resets the scheme and fontset of the Tix application to *newScheme* and " +"*newFontSet*, respectively. This affects only those widgets created after " +"this call. Therefore, it is best to call the resetoptions method before the" +" creation of any widgets in a Tix application." +msgstr "" +"将 Tix 应用程序的方案与字体集分别重置为 *newScheme* 和 *newFontSet*。 这只会影响调用此方法之后创建的部件。 " +"因此，最好是在 Tix 应用程序的任何部件被创建之前调用 resetoptions 方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:577 +msgid "" +"The optional parameter *newScmPrio* can be given to reset the priority level" +" of the Tk options set by the Tix schemes." +msgstr "可以给出可选的形参 *newScmPrio* 来重置由 Tix 方案所设置的 Tk 选项的优先级。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:580 +msgid "" +"Because of the way Tk handles the X option database, after Tix has been has " +"imported and inited, it is not possible to reset the color schemes and font " +"sets using the :meth:`tix_config` method. Instead, the " +":meth:`tix_resetoptions` method must be used." +msgstr "" +"由于 Tk 处理 X 选项数据库的特别方式，在 Tix 被导入并初始化之后，将无法再使用 :meth:`tix_config` " +"方法来重置颜色方案和字体集。 而必须要使用 :meth:`tix_resetoptions` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.tix.rst:11 +msgid "Tix" +msgstr "Tix" diff --git a/library/tkinter.ttk.po b/library/tkinter.ttk.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5c9c825d --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tkinter.ttk.po @@ -0,0 +1,2610 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Leo Li , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tkinter.ttk` --- Tk themed widgets" +msgstr ":mod:`!tkinter.ttk` --- Tk 带主题的控件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/ttk.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/tkinter/ttk.py`" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.ttk` module provides access to the Tk themed widget set, " +"introduced in Tk 8.5. It provides additional benefits including anti-aliased" +" font rendering under X11 and window transparency (requiring a composition " +"window manager on X11)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter.ttk` 模块自 Tk 8.5 开始引入，它提供了对 Tk 风格的部件集的访问。 它还带来了一些额外好处包括在 X11 " +"下的反锯齿字体渲染和透明化窗口（需要有 X11 上的混合窗口管理器）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The basic idea for :mod:`tkinter.ttk` is to separate, to the extent " +"possible, the code implementing a widget's behavior from the code " +"implementing its appearance." +msgstr ":mod:`tkinter.ttk` 的基本设计思路，就是尽可能地把控件的行为代码与实现其外观的代码分离开来。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:27 +msgid "" +"`Tk Widget Styling Support `_" +msgstr "`Tk 控件风格 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:28 +msgid "A document introducing theming support for Tk" +msgstr "介绍 Tk 风格的文档" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:32 +msgid "Using Ttk" +msgstr "ttk 的用法" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:34 +msgid "To start using Ttk, import its module::" +msgstr "使用 ttk 之前，首先要导入模块：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:36 +msgid "from tkinter import ttk" +msgstr "from tkinter import ttk" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:38 +msgid "" +"To override the basic Tk widgets, the import should follow the Tk import::" +msgstr "为了覆盖基础的 Tk 控件，应该在 Tk 之后进行导入：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:40 +msgid "" +"from tkinter import *\n" +"from tkinter.ttk import *" +msgstr "" +"from tkinter import *\n" +"from tkinter.ttk import *" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:43 +msgid "" +"That code causes several :mod:`tkinter.ttk` widgets (:class:`Button`, " +":class:`Checkbutton`, :class:`Entry`, :class:`Frame`, :class:`Label`, " +":class:`LabelFrame`, :class:`Menubutton`, :class:`PanedWindow`, " +":class:`Radiobutton`, :class:`Scale` and :class:`Scrollbar`) to " +"automatically replace the Tk widgets." +msgstr "" +"这段代码会让以下几个 :mod:`tkinter. ttk` 控件（:class:`Button`, :class:`Checkbutton`, " +":class:`Entry`, :class:`Frame`, :class:`Label`, :class:`LabelFrame`, " +":class:`Menubutton`, :class:`PanedWindow`, :class:`Radiobutton`, " +":class:`Scale` 和 :class:`Scrollbar`）自动替换掉 Tk 的对应控件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:49 +msgid "" +"This has the direct benefit of using the new widgets which gives a better " +"look and feel across platforms; however, the replacement widgets are not " +"completely compatible. The main difference is that widget options such as " +"\"fg\", \"bg\" and others related to widget styling are no longer present in" +" Ttk widgets. Instead, use the :class:`ttk.Style` class for improved " +"styling effects." +msgstr "" +"使用新控件的直接好处，是拥有更好的跨平台的外观，但新旧控件并不完全兼容。主要区别在于，Ttk 组件不再包含“fg”、“bg”等与样式相关的属性 。而是用" +" :class:`ttk.Style` 类来定义更美观的样式效果。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:59 +msgid "" +"`Converting existing applications to use Tile widgets " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`将现有应用程序转换为使用 Tile 部件 " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:60 +msgid "" +"A monograph (using Tcl terminology) about differences typically encountered " +"when moving applications to use the new widgets." +msgstr "此文介绍迁移为新控件时的常见差别（使用 Tcl ）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:65 +msgid "Ttk Widgets" +msgstr "ttk 控件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Ttk comes with 18 widgets, twelve of which already existed in tkinter: " +":class:`Button`, :class:`Checkbutton`, :class:`Entry`, :class:`Frame`, " +":class:`Label`, :class:`LabelFrame`, :class:`Menubutton`, " +":class:`PanedWindow`, :class:`Radiobutton`, :class:`Scale`, " +":class:`Scrollbar`, and :class:`Spinbox`. The other six are new: " +":class:`Combobox`, :class:`Notebook`, :class:`Progressbar`, " +":class:`Separator`, :class:`Sizegrip` and :class:`Treeview`. And all them " +"are subclasses of :class:`Widget`." +msgstr "" +"ttk 中有 18 种部件 ，其中 12 种在 tkinter 中已包含了： :class:`Button` 、 " +":class:`Checkbutton` 、:class:`Entry` 、 :class:`Frame` 、 :class:`Label`, " +":class:`LabelFrame` 、 :class:`Menubutton` 、:class:`PanedWindow` " +"、:class:`Radiobutton` 、 :class:`Scale` 、 :class:`Scrollbar` 和 " +":class:`Spinbox`。另有 6 种是新增的： :class:`Combobox` 、 :class:`Notebook` 、 " +":class:`Progressbar` 、 :class:`Separator` 、 :class:`Sizegrip` 和 " +":class:`Treeview`。这些控件全都是 :class:`Widget` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Using the Ttk widgets gives the application an improved look and feel. As " +"discussed above, there are differences in how the styling is coded." +msgstr "ttk 控件可以改善应用程序的外观。如上所述，修改样式的代码与 tk 控件存在差异。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:78 +msgid "Tk code::" +msgstr "Tk 代码::" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:80 +msgid "" +"l1 = tkinter.Label(text=\"Test\", fg=\"black\", bg=\"white\")\n" +"l2 = tkinter.Label(text=\"Test\", fg=\"black\", bg=\"white\")" +msgstr "" +"l1 = tkinter.Label(text=\"Test\", fg=\"black\", bg=\"white\")\n" +"l2 = tkinter.Label(text=\"Test\", fg=\"black\", bg=\"white\")" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:84 +msgid "Ttk code::" +msgstr "Ttk 代码：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:86 +msgid "" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.configure(\"BW.TLabel\", foreground=\"black\", background=\"white\")\n" +"\n" +"l1 = ttk.Label(text=\"Test\", style=\"BW.TLabel\")\n" +"l2 = ttk.Label(text=\"Test\", style=\"BW.TLabel\")" +msgstr "" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.configure(\"BW.TLabel\", foreground=\"black\", background=\"white\")\n" +"\n" +"l1 = ttk.Label(text=\"Test\", style=\"BW.TLabel\")\n" +"l2 = ttk.Label(text=\"Test\", style=\"BW.TLabel\")" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:92 +msgid "" +"For more information about TtkStyling_, see the :class:`Style` class " +"documentation." +msgstr "有关 TtkStyling_ 的更多信息，请参阅 :class:`Style` 类文档。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:96 +msgid "Widget" +msgstr "控件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:98 +msgid "" +":class:`ttk.Widget` defines standard options and methods supported by Tk " +"themed widgets and is not supposed to be directly instantiated." +msgstr ":class:`ttk.Widget` 定义了 Tk 风格控件支持的标准属性和方法，不应直接对其进行实例化。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:103 +msgid "Standard Options" +msgstr "标准属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:105 +msgid "All the :mod:`ttk` Widgets accept the following options:" +msgstr "所有 :mod:`ttk` 控件均接受以下选项:" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:110 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:145 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:171 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:214 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:317 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:403 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:479 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:505 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:669 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:740 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:808 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:859 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:887 +msgid "Option" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:110 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:145 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:171 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:214 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:230 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:317 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:403 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:479 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:505 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:669 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:740 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:808 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:859 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:887 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:932 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:112 +msgid "class" +msgstr "class" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Specifies the window class. The class is used when querying the option " +"database for the window's other options, to determine the default bindtags " +"for the window, and to select the widget's default layout and style. This " +"option is read-only, and may only be specified when the window is created." +msgstr "" +"指定窗口类。若要从参数库中查找窗口的其他属性，或确认窗口的默认绑定标签，或选择控件的默认布局和样式，会用到 class " +"属性。该属性只读，且只能在创建窗口时指定。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:119 +msgid "cursor" +msgstr "cursor" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:119 +msgid "" +"Specifies the mouse cursor to be used for the widget. If set to the empty " +"string (the default), the cursor is inherited for the parent widget." +msgstr "指定控件使用的鼠标光标。若设为空字符串（默认值），则会继承父控件的光标。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:123 +msgid "takefocus" +msgstr "takefocus" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Determines whether the window accepts the focus during keyboard traversal. " +"0, 1 or an empty string is returned. If 0 is returned, it means that the " +"window should be skipped entirely during keyboard traversal. If 1, it means " +"that the window should receive the input focus as long as it is viewable. " +"And an empty string means that the traversal scripts make the decision about" +" whether or not to focus on the window." +msgstr "" +"决定了窗口是否可用键盘获得焦点。返回 0 、1 或空字符串。若返回 0，则表示在用键盘遍历时应该跳过该窗口。如果为 " +"1，则表示只要窗口可见即应接收输入焦点。而空字符串则表示由遍历代码决定窗口是否接收焦点。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:132 +msgid "style" +msgstr "style" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:132 +msgid "May be used to specify a custom widget style." +msgstr "可用于指定自定义控件样式。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:137 +msgid "Scrollable Widget Options" +msgstr "可滚动控件的属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:139 +msgid "" +"The following options are supported by widgets that are controlled by a " +"scrollbar." +msgstr "带滚动条的控件支持以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:147 +msgid "xscrollcommand" +msgstr "xscrollcommand" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:147 +msgid "Used to communicate with horizontal scrollbars." +msgstr "用于与水平滚动条通讯." + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:149 +msgid "" +"When the view in the widget's window change, the widget will generate a Tcl " +"command based on the scrollcommand." +msgstr "当窗口中的可见内容发生变化时，控件将根据 scrollcommand 生成 Tcl 命令。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Usually this option consists of the method :meth:`Scrollbar.set` of some " +"scrollbar. This will cause the scrollbar to be updated whenever the view in " +"the window changes." +msgstr "通常该属性由一些滚动条的 :meth:`Scrollbar.set` 方法组成。当窗口中的可见内容发生变化时，将会刷新滚动条的状态。 " + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:157 +msgid "yscrollcommand" +msgstr "yscrollcommand" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Used to communicate with vertical scrollbars. For some more information, see" +" above." +msgstr "用于与垂直滚动条通讯，更多信息请参考上一条。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:163 +msgid "Label Options" +msgstr "标签控件的属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The following options are supported by labels, buttons and other button-like" +" widgets." +msgstr "标签、按钮和类似按钮的控件支持以下属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:173 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:521 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:861 +msgid "text" +msgstr "text" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:173 +msgid "Specifies a text string to be displayed inside the widget." +msgstr "指定显示在控件内的文本。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:175 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:339 +msgid "textvariable" +msgstr "textvariable" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Specifies a name whose value will be used in place of the text option " +"resource." +msgstr "指定一个变量名，其值将用于设置 text 属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:178 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:530 +msgid "underline" +msgstr "underline" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:178 +msgid "" +"If set, specifies the index (0-based) of a character to underline in the " +"text string. The underline character is used for mnemonic activation." +msgstr "设置文本字符串中带下划线字符的索引（基于0）。下划线字符用于激活快捷键。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:182 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:523 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:863 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:895 +msgid "image" +msgstr "image" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Specifies an image to display. This is a list of 1 or more elements. The " +"first element is the default image name. The rest of the list if a sequence " +"of statespec/value pairs as defined by :meth:`Style.map`, specifying " +"different images to use when the widget is in a particular state or a " +"combination of states. All images in the list should have the same size." +msgstr "" +"指定一个用于显示的图片。这是一个由1个或多个元素组成的列表。第一个元素是默认的图片名称。列表的其余部分是由 :meth:`Style.map` " +"定义的“状态/值对”的序列，指定控件在某状态或状态组合时要采用的图片。列表中的所有图片应具备相同的尺寸。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:190 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:526 +msgid "compound" +msgstr "compound" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Specifies how to display the image relative to the text, in the case both " +"text and images options are present. Valid values are:" +msgstr "指定同时存在 text 和 image 属性时，应如何显示文本和对应的图片。合法的值包括：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:194 +msgid "text: display text only" +msgstr "text:：只显示文本" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:195 +msgid "image: display image only" +msgstr "image：只显示图片" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:196 +msgid "" +"top, bottom, left, right: display image above, below, left of, or right of " +"the text, respectively." +msgstr "top、bottom、left、right：分别在文本的上、下、左、右显示图片。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:198 +msgid "none: the default. display the image if present, otherwise the text." +msgstr "none：默认值。 如果给出了图片则显示，否则显示文本。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:201 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:347 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:491 +msgid "width" +msgstr "width" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:201 +msgid "" +"If greater than zero, specifies how much space, in character widths, to " +"allocate for the text label, if less than zero, specifies a minimum width. " +"If zero or unspecified, the natural width of the text label is used." +msgstr "如果值大于零，指定文本标签留下多少空间，单位是字符数；如果值小于零，则指定最小宽度。如果等于零或未指定，则使用文本标签本身的宽度。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:209 +msgid "Compatibility Options" +msgstr "兼容性属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:216 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:332 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:507 +msgid "state" +msgstr "state" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:216 +msgid "" +"May be set to \"normal\" or \"disabled\" to control the \"disabled\" state " +"bit. This is a write-only option: setting it changes the widget state, but " +"the :meth:`Widget.state` method does not affect this option." +msgstr "" +"可以设为“normal”或“disabled”，以便控制“禁用”状态标志位。本属性只允许写入：用以改变控件的状态，但 " +":meth:`Widget.state` 方法不影响本属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:223 +msgid "Widget States" +msgstr "控件状态" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:225 +msgid "The widget state is a bitmap of independent state flags." +msgstr "控件状态是多个相互独立的状态标志位的组合。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:230 +msgid "Flag" +msgstr "标志位" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:232 +msgid "active" +msgstr "active" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:232 +msgid "" +"The mouse cursor is over the widget and pressing a mouse button will cause " +"some action to occur" +msgstr "鼠标光标经过控件并按下鼠标按钮，将引发动作。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:235 +msgid "disabled" +msgstr "disabled" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:235 +msgid "Widget is disabled under program control" +msgstr "控件处于禁用状态，而由程序控制。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:237 +msgid "focus" +msgstr "focus" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:237 +msgid "Widget has keyboard focus" +msgstr "控件接受键盘焦点。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:239 +msgid "pressed" +msgstr "pressed" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:239 +msgid "Widget is being pressed" +msgstr "控件已被按下。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:241 +msgid "selected" +msgstr "selected" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:241 +msgid "\"On\", \"true\", or \"current\" for things like Checkbuttons and radiobuttons" +msgstr "勾选或单选框之类的控件，表示启用、选中状态。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:244 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:891 +msgid "background" +msgstr "background" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Windows and Mac have a notion of an \"active\" or foreground window. The " +"*background* state is set for widgets in a background window, and cleared " +"for those in the foreground window" +msgstr "" +"Windows 和 Mac 系统的窗口具有“激活”或后台的概念。后台窗口的控件会设置 *foreground* 参数，而前台窗口的控件则会清除此状态。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:249 +msgid "readonly" +msgstr "readonly" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:249 +msgid "Widget should not allow user modification" +msgstr "控件不允许用户修改。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:251 +msgid "alternate" +msgstr "alternate" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:251 +msgid "A widget-specific alternate display format" +msgstr "控件的备选显式格式。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:253 +msgid "invalid" +msgstr "invalid" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:253 +msgid "The widget's value is invalid" +msgstr "控件的值是无效的" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:256 +msgid "" +"A state specification is a sequence of state names, optionally prefixed with" +" an exclamation point indicating that the bit is off." +msgstr "所谓的控件状态，就是一串状态名称的组合，可在某个名称前加上感叹号，表示该状态位是关闭的。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:261 +msgid "ttk.Widget" +msgstr "ttk.Widget" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Besides the methods described below, the :class:`ttk.Widget` supports the " +"methods :meth:`tkinter.Widget.cget` and :meth:`tkinter.Widget.configure`." +msgstr "" +"除了以下方法之外，:class:`ttk.Widget` 还支持 :meth:`tkinter.Widget.cget` 和 " +":meth:`tkinter.Widget.configure` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Returns the name of the element at position *x* *y*, or the empty string if " +"the point does not lie within any element." +msgstr "返回位于 *x* *y* 的控件名称，如果该坐标点不属于任何控件，则返回空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:273 +msgid "*x* and *y* are pixel coordinates relative to the widget." +msgstr "*x* 和 *y* 是控件内的相对坐标，单位是像素。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Test the widget's state. If a callback is not specified, returns ``True`` if" +" the widget state matches *statespec* and ``False`` otherwise. If callback " +"is specified then it is called with args if widget state matches " +"*statespec*." +msgstr "" +"检测控件的状态。如果没有设置回调函数，那么当控件状态符合 *statespec* 时返回 ``True``，否则返回 " +"``False``。如果指定了回调函数，那么当控件状态匹配 *statespec* 时将会调用回调函数，且会带上后面的参数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:286 +msgid "" +"Modify or inquire widget state. If *statespec* is specified, sets the widget" +" state according to it and return a new *statespec* indicating which flags " +"were changed. If *statespec* is not specified, returns the currently enabled" +" state flags." +msgstr "" +"修改或查询部件状态。 如果指定了 *statespec*，则会用它来设置部件状态并返回一个新的 *statespec* 来指明哪些旗标做过改动。 " +"如果未指定 *statespec*，则返回当前启用的状态旗标。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:291 +msgid "*statespec* will usually be a list or a tuple." +msgstr "*statespec* 通常是个列表或元组。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:295 +msgid "Combobox" +msgstr "Combobox" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:297 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ttk.Combobox` widget combines a text field with a pop-down list " +"of values. This widget is a subclass of :class:`Entry`." +msgstr ":class:`ttk.Combobox` 控件是文本框和下拉列表的组合体。该控件是 :class:`Entry` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Besides the methods inherited from :class:`Widget`: :meth:`Widget.cget`, " +":meth:`Widget.configure`, :meth:`Widget.identify`, :meth:`Widget.instate` " +"and :meth:`Widget.state`, and the following inherited from :class:`Entry`: " +":meth:`Entry.bbox`, :meth:`Entry.delete`, :meth:`Entry.icursor`, " +":meth:`Entry.index`, :meth:`Entry.insert`, :meth:`Entry.selection`, " +":meth:`Entry.xview`, it has some other methods, described at " +":class:`ttk.Combobox`." +msgstr "" +"除了从 :class:`Widget` 继承的 :meth:`Widget.cget` 、 :meth:`Widget.configure` " +"、:meth:`Widget.identify` 、:meth:`Widget.instate` 和 :meth:`Widget.state` " +"方法，以及从 :class:`Entry` 继承的 :meth:`Entry.bbox` 、 :meth:`Entry.delete` 、 " +":meth:`Entry.icursor` 、:meth:`Entry.index` 、 :meth:`Entry.insert` 、 " +":meth:`Entry.selection` 、 :meth:`Entry.xview` 方法，控件还自带了其他几个方法，在 " +":class:`ttk.Combobox` 中都有介绍。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:310 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:396 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:472 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:662 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:733 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:801 +msgid "Options" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:312 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:398 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:474 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:664 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:803 +msgid "This widget accepts the following specific options:" +msgstr "控件可设置以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:319 +msgid "exportselection" +msgstr "exportselection" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:319 +msgid "" +"Boolean value. If set, the widget selection is linked to the Window Manager " +"selection (which can be returned by invoking Misc.selection_get, for " +"example)." +msgstr "布尔值，如果设为 True，则控件的选中文字将关联为窗口管理器的选中文字（可由 Misc.selection_get 返回）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:323 +msgid "justify" +msgstr "justify" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:323 +msgid "" +"Specifies how the text is aligned within the widget. One of \"left\", " +"\"center\", or \"right\"." +msgstr "指定文本在控件中的对齐方式。可为 left、center、right 之一。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:326 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:481 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:818 +msgid "height" +msgstr "height" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:326 +msgid "Specifies the height of the pop-down listbox, in rows." +msgstr "设置下拉列表框的高度。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:328 +msgid "postcommand" +msgstr "postcommand" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:328 +msgid "" +"A script (possibly registered with Misc.register) that is called immediately" +" before displaying the values. It may specify which values to display." +msgstr "在显示之前将被调用的代码（可用 Misc.register 进行注册）。可用于选择要显示的值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:332 +msgid "" +"One of \"normal\", \"readonly\", or \"disabled\". In the \"readonly\" state," +" the value may not be edited directly, and the user can only selection of " +"the values from the dropdown list. In the \"normal\" state, the text field " +"is directly editable. In the \"disabled\" state, no interaction is possible." +msgstr "" +"normal 、readonly 或 disabled。在 readonly 状态下，数据不能直接编辑，用户只能从下拉列表中选取。在 normal " +"状态下，可直接编辑文本框。在 disabled 状态下，无法做任何交互。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Specifies a name whose value is linked to the widget value. Whenever the " +"value associated with that name changes, the widget value is updated, and " +"vice versa. See :class:`tkinter.StringVar`." +msgstr "" +"设置一个变量名，其值与控件的值关联。每当该变量对应的值发生变动时，控件值就会更新，反之亦然。参见 :class:`tkinter.StringVar` " +"。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:344 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:417 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:865 +msgid "values" +msgstr "values" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:344 +msgid "Specifies the list of values to display in the drop-down listbox." +msgstr "设置显示于下拉列表中的值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width of the entry window," +" in average-size characters of the widget's font." +msgstr "设置为整数值，表示输入窗口的应有宽度，单位是字符单位（控件字体的平均字符宽度）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:354 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:442 +msgid "Virtual events" +msgstr "虚拟事件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:356 +msgid "" +"The combobox widgets generates a **<>** virtual event when" +" the user selects an element from the list of values." +msgstr "当用户从下拉列表中选择某个元素时，控件会生成一条 **<>** 虚拟事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:361 +msgid "ttk.Combobox" +msgstr "ttk.Combobox" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:367 +msgid "" +"If *newindex* is specified, sets the combobox value to the element position " +"*newindex*. Otherwise, returns the index of the current value or -1 if the " +"current value is not in the values list." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *newindex*，则把控件值设为 *newindex* 位置的元素值。否则，返回当前值的索引，当前值未在列表中则返回 -1。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:374 +msgid "Returns the current value of the combobox." +msgstr "返回控件的当前值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:379 +msgid "Sets the value of the combobox to *value*." +msgstr "设置控件的值为 *value* 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:383 +msgid "Spinbox" +msgstr "Spinbox" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:384 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ttk.Spinbox` widget is a :class:`ttk.Entry` enhanced with " +"increment and decrement arrows. It can be used for numbers or lists of " +"string values. This widget is a subclass of :class:`Entry`." +msgstr "" +":class:`ttk.Spinbox` 控件是 :class:`ttk.Entry` 的扩展，带有递增和递减箭头。可用于数字或字符串列表。这是 " +":class:`Entry` 的子类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:388 +msgid "" +"Besides the methods inherited from :class:`Widget`: :meth:`Widget.cget`, " +":meth:`Widget.configure`, :meth:`Widget.identify`, :meth:`Widget.instate` " +"and :meth:`Widget.state`, and the following inherited from :class:`Entry`: " +":meth:`Entry.bbox`, :meth:`Entry.delete`, :meth:`Entry.icursor`, " +":meth:`Entry.index`, :meth:`Entry.insert`, :meth:`Entry.xview`, it has some " +"other methods, described at :class:`ttk.Spinbox`." +msgstr "" +"除了从 :class:`Widget` 继承的 :meth:`Widget.cget` 、 :meth:`Widget.configure` " +"、:meth:`Widget.identified` 、 :meth:`Widget.instate` 和 :meth:`Widget.state` " +"方法，以及从 :class:`Entry` 继承的 :meth:`Entry. bbox` 、 :meth:`Entry.delete` 、 " +":meth:`Entry.icursor` 、:meth:`Entry.index` 、 :meth:`Entry.insert` 、 " +":meth:`Entry.xview` 方法，控件还自带了其他一些方法，在 :class:`ttk.Spinbox` 中都有介绍。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:405 +msgid "from" +msgstr "from" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Float value. If set, this is the minimum value to which the decrement " +"button will decrement. Must be spelled as ``from_`` when used as an " +"argument, since ``from`` is a Python keyword." +msgstr "" +"浮点值。如若给出，则为递减按钮能够到达的最小值。作为参数使用时必须写成 ``from_``，因为 ``from`` 是 Python 关键字。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:410 +msgid "to" +msgstr "to" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:410 +msgid "" +"Float value. If set, this is the maximum value to which the increment " +"button will increment." +msgstr "浮点值。如若给出，则为递增按钮能够到达的最大值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:413 +msgid "increment" +msgstr "increment" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Float value. Specifies the amount which the increment/decrement buttons " +"change the value. Defaults to 1.0." +msgstr "浮点值。指定递增/递减按钮每次的修改量。默认值为 1.0。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:417 +msgid "" +"Sequence of string or float values. If specified, the increment/decrement " +"buttons will cycle through the items in this sequence rather than " +"incrementing or decrementing numbers." +msgstr "字符串或浮点值构成的序列。如若给出，则递增/递减会在此序列元素间循环，而不是增减数值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:423 +msgid "wrap" +msgstr "wrap" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:423 +msgid "" +"Boolean value. If ``True``, increment and decrement buttons will cycle from" +" the ``to`` value to the ``from`` value or the ``from`` value to the ``to`` " +"value, respectively." +msgstr "" +"布尔值。若为 ``True`` ，则递增和递减按钮会由 ``to`` 值循环至 ``from`` 值，或由 ``from`` 值循环至 ``to`` " +"值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:428 +msgid "format" +msgstr "format" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:428 +msgid "" +"String value. This specifies the format of numbers set by the " +"increment/decrement buttons. It must be in the form \"%W.Pf\", where W is " +"the padded width of the value, P is the precision, and '%' and 'f' are " +"literal." +msgstr "字符串。指定递增/递减按钮的数字格式。必须以“%W.Pf”的格式给出，W 是填充的宽度，P 是小数精度，% 和 f 就是本身的含义。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:434 +msgid "command" +msgstr "command" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:434 +msgid "" +"Python callable. Will be called with no arguments whenever either of the " +"increment or decrement buttons are pressed." +msgstr "Python 回调函数。只要递增或递减按钮按下之后，就会进行不带参数的调用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:444 +msgid "" +"The spinbox widget generates an **<>** virtual event when the " +"user presses , and a **<>** virtual event when the user " +"presses ." +msgstr "" +"用户若按下 ，则控件会生成 **<>** 虚拟事件，若按下 则会生成 **<>** " +"事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:449 +msgid "ttk.Spinbox" +msgstr "ttk.Spinbox" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:455 +msgid "Returns the current value of the spinbox." +msgstr "返回控件的当前值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:460 +msgid "Sets the value of the spinbox to *value*." +msgstr "设置控件值为 *value*。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:464 +msgid "Notebook" +msgstr "Notebook" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Ttk Notebook widget manages a collection of windows and displays a single " +"one at a time. Each child window is associated with a tab, which the user " +"may select to change the currently displayed window." +msgstr "" +"Ttk Notebook 部件可管理由窗口组成的多项集并每次显示其中的某一个。 " +"每个子窗口都与一个选项卡相关联，用户可以选择该选项卡来改变当前所显示的窗口。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:481 +msgid "" +"If present and greater than zero, specifies the desired height of the pane " +"area (not including internal padding or tabs). Otherwise, the maximum height" +" of all panes is used." +msgstr "如若给出且大于 0，则指定面板的应有高度（不含内部 padding 或 tab）。否则会采用所有子窗口面板的最大高度。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:485 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:517 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:822 +msgid "padding" +msgstr "padding" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:485 +msgid "" +"Specifies the amount of extra space to add around the outside of the " +"notebook. The padding is a list up to four length specifications left top " +"right bottom. If fewer than four elements are specified, bottom defaults to " +"top, right defaults to left, and top defaults to left." +msgstr "" +"指定在控件外部添加的留白。padding " +"是最多包含四个值的列表，指定左顶右底的空间。如果给出的元素少于四个，底部值默认为顶部值，右侧值默认为左侧值，顶部值默认为左侧值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:491 +msgid "" +"If present and greater than zero, specified the desired width of the pane " +"area (not including internal padding). Otherwise, the maximum width of all " +"panes is used." +msgstr "若给出且大于 0，则设置面板的应有宽度（不含内部 padding）。否则将采用所有子窗口面板的最大宽度。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:498 +msgid "Tab Options" +msgstr "Tab 属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:500 +msgid "There are also specific options for tabs:" +msgstr "Tab 特有属性如下：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Either \"normal\", \"disabled\" or \"hidden\". If \"disabled\", then the tab" +" is not selectable. If \"hidden\", then the tab is not shown." +msgstr "可为 normal、disabled 或 disabled 之一。若为 disabled 则不能选中。若为 hidden 则不会显示。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:511 +msgid "sticky" +msgstr "sticky" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Specifies how the child window is positioned within the pane area. Value is " +"a string containing zero or more of the characters \"n\", \"s\", \"e\" or " +"\"w\". Each letter refers to a side (north, south, east or west) that the " +"child window will stick to, as per the :meth:`grid` geometry manager." +msgstr "" +"指定子窗口在面板内的定位方式。应为包含零个或多个 n、s、e 、w 字符的字符串。每个字母表示子窗口应紧靠的方向（北、南、东或西），正如 " +":meth:`grid` 位置管理器所述。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:517 +msgid "" +"Specifies the amount of extra space to add between the notebook and this " +"pane. Syntax is the same as for the option padding used by this widget." +msgstr "指定控件和面板之间的留白空间。格式与本控件的 padding 属性相同。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:521 +msgid "Specifies a text to be displayed in the tab." +msgstr "指定显示在 tab 上的文本。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:523 +msgid "" +"Specifies an image to display in the tab. See the option image described in " +":class:`Widget`." +msgstr "指定显示在 tab 上的图片。参见 :class:`Widget` 的 image 属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:526 +msgid "" +"Specifies how to display the image relative to the text, in the case both " +"options text and image are present. See `Label Options`_ for legal values." +msgstr "当文本和图片同时存在时，指定图片相对于文本的显示位置。合法的属性值参见 `Label Options`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Specifies the index (0-based) of a character to underline in the text " +"string. The underlined character is used for mnemonic activation if " +":meth:`Notebook.enable_traversal` is called." +msgstr "" +"指定下划线在文本字符串中的索引（基于0）。如果调用过了 " +":meth:`Notebook.enable_traversal`，带下划线的字符将用于激活快捷键。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:538 +msgid "Tab Identifiers" +msgstr "Tab ID" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:540 +msgid "" +"The tab_id present in several methods of :class:`ttk.Notebook` may take any " +"of the following forms:" +msgstr " :class:`ttk.Notebook` 中有很多方法需要提供 tab_id，形式可如下：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:543 +msgid "An integer between zero and the number of tabs" +msgstr "介于 0 和 tab 总数之间的整数值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:544 +msgid "The name of a child window" +msgstr "子窗口的名称。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:545 +msgid "A positional specification of the form \"@x,y\", which identifies the tab" +msgstr "以“@x,y”形式给出的位置，唯一标识了 tab 页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:546 +msgid "" +"The literal string \"current\", which identifies the currently selected tab" +msgstr "字符串字面值 \"current\"，它标识当前被选中的选项卡" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:547 +msgid "" +"The literal string \"end\", which returns the number of tabs (only valid for" +" :meth:`Notebook.index`)" +msgstr "字符串字面值 \"end\"，它返回标签页的数量 (仅适用于 :meth:`Notebook.index`)" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:552 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:925 +msgid "Virtual Events" +msgstr "虚拟事件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:554 +msgid "" +"This widget generates a **<>** virtual event after a new" +" tab is selected." +msgstr "当选中一个新 tab 页之后，控件会生成一条 **<>** 虚拟事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:559 +msgid "ttk.Notebook" +msgstr "ttk.Notebook" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:565 +msgid "Adds a new tab to the notebook." +msgstr "添加一个新 tab 页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:567 +msgid "" +"If window is currently managed by the notebook but hidden, it is restored to" +" its previous position." +msgstr "如果窗口是由 Notebook 管理但处于隐藏状态，则会恢复到之前的位置。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:570 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:608 +msgid "See `Tab Options`_ for the list of available options." +msgstr "可用属性请参见 `Tab Options`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:575 +msgid "" +"Removes the tab specified by *tab_id*, unmaps and unmanages the associated " +"window." +msgstr "删除 *tab_id* 指定的 tab 页，对其关联的窗口不再作映射和管理。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:581 +msgid "Hides the tab specified by *tab_id*." +msgstr "隐藏 *tab_id* 指定的 tab 页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:583 +msgid "" +"The tab will not be displayed, but the associated window remains managed by " +"the notebook and its configuration remembered. Hidden tabs may be restored " +"with the :meth:`add` command." +msgstr "" +"tab 页不会显示出来，但关联的窗口仍接受 Notebook 的管理，其配置属性会继续保留。隐藏的 tab 页可由 :meth:`add` 恢复。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Returns the name of the tab element at position *x*, *y*, or the empty " +"string if none." +msgstr "返回 tab 页内位置为 *x*、*y* 的控件名称，若不存在则返回空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:596 +msgid "" +"Returns the numeric index of the tab specified by *tab_id*, or the total " +"number of tabs if *tab_id* is the string \"end\"." +msgstr "返回 *tab_id* 指定 tab 页的索引值，如果 *tab_id* 为 end 则返回 tab 页的总数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:602 +msgid "Inserts a pane at the specified position." +msgstr "在指定位置插入一个 tab。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:604 +msgid "" +"*pos* is either the string \"end\", an integer index, or the name of a " +"managed child. If *child* is already managed by the notebook, moves it to " +"the specified position." +msgstr "*pos* 可为字符串“end” 、整数索引值或子窗口名称。如果 *child* 已由 Notebook 管理，则将其移至指定位置。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:613 +msgid "Selects the specified *tab_id*." +msgstr "选中 *tab_id* 指定 tab。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:615 +msgid "" +"The associated child window will be displayed, and the previously selected " +"window (if different) is unmapped. If *tab_id* is omitted, returns the " +"widget name of the currently selected pane." +msgstr "关联的子窗口将被显示，而之前所选择的窗口（如果不同）将被取消映射关系。 如果省略 *tab_id*，则返回当前被选中的面板的部件名称。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:622 +msgid "Query or modify the options of the specific *tab_id*." +msgstr "查询或修改 *tab_id* 指定 tab 的属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:624 +msgid "" +"If *kw* is not given, returns a dictionary of the tab option values. If " +"*option* is specified, returns the value of that *option*. Otherwise, sets " +"the options to the corresponding values." +msgstr "如果未给出 *kw* ，则返回由 tab 属性组成的字典。如果指定了 *option*，则返回其值。否则，设置属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:631 +msgid "Returns a list of windows managed by the notebook." +msgstr "返回 Notebook 管理的窗口列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:636 +msgid "" +"Enable keyboard traversal for a toplevel window containing this notebook." +msgstr "为包含 Notebook 的顶层窗口启用键盘遍历。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:638 +msgid "" +"This will extend the bindings for the toplevel window containing the " +"notebook as follows:" +msgstr "这将为包含 Notebook 的顶层窗口增加如下键盘绑定关系：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:641 +msgid "" +":kbd:`Control-Tab`: selects the tab following the currently selected one." +msgstr ":kbd:`Control-Tab` ：选中当前 tab 之后的页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:642 +msgid "" +":kbd:`Shift-Control-Tab`: selects the tab preceding the currently selected " +"one." +msgstr ":kbd:`Shift-Control-Tab` ：选中当前 tab 之前的页。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:643 +msgid "" +":kbd:`Alt-K`: where *K* is the mnemonic (underlined) character of any tab, " +"will select that tab." +msgstr ":kbd:`Alt-K` ：这里 *K* 是任意 tab 页的快捷键（带下划线）字符，将会直接选中该 tab。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:646 +msgid "" +"Multiple notebooks in a single toplevel may be enabled for traversal, " +"including nested notebooks. However, notebook traversal only works properly " +"if all panes have the notebook they are in as master." +msgstr "" +"一个顶层窗口中可为多个 Notebook 启用键盘遍历，包括嵌套的 Notebook 。但仅当所有面板都将所在 Notebook " +"作为父控件时，键盘遍历才会生效。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:652 +msgid "Progressbar" +msgstr "Progressbar" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:654 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ttk.Progressbar` widget shows the status of a long-running " +"operation. It can operate in two modes: 1) the determinate mode which shows" +" the amount completed relative to the total amount of work to be done and 2)" +" the indeterminate mode which provides an animated display to let the user " +"know that work is progressing." +msgstr "" +":class:`ttk.Progressbar` 控件可为长时间操作显示状态。可工作于两种模式：1）determinate 模式，显示相对完成进度；2）" +" indeterminate 模式，显示动画让用户知道工作正在进行中。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:671 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:742 +msgid "orient" +msgstr "orient" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:671 +msgid "" +"One of \"horizontal\" or \"vertical\". Specifies the orientation of the " +"progress bar." +msgstr "horizontal 或 vertical。指定进度条的显示方向。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:674 +msgid "length" +msgstr "length" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:674 +msgid "" +"Specifies the length of the long axis of the progress bar (width if " +"horizontal, height if vertical)." +msgstr "指定进度条长轴的长度（横向为宽度，纵向则为高度）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:677 +msgid "mode" +msgstr "mode" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:677 +msgid "One of \"determinate\" or \"indeterminate\"." +msgstr "determinate 或 indeterminate。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:679 +msgid "maximum" +msgstr "maximum" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:679 +msgid "A number specifying the maximum value. Defaults to 100." +msgstr "设定最大值。默认为 100。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:681 +msgid "value" +msgstr "value" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:681 +msgid "" +"The current value of the progress bar. In \"determinate\" mode, this " +"represents the amount of work completed. In \"indeterminate\" mode, it is " +"interpreted as modulo *maximum*; that is, the progress bar completes one " +"\"cycle\" when its value increases by *maximum*." +msgstr "" +"进度条的当前值。在 determinate 模式下代表已完成的工作量。在 indeterminate 模式下，解释为 *maximum* " +"的模；也就是说，当本值增至 *maximum* 时，进度条完成了一个“周期”。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:687 +msgid "variable" +msgstr "variable" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:687 +msgid "" +"A name which is linked to the option value. If specified, the value of the " +"progress bar is automatically set to the value of this name whenever the " +"latter is modified." +msgstr "与属性值关联的变量名。若给出，则当变量值变化时会自动设为进度条的值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:691 +msgid "phase" +msgstr "phase" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:691 +msgid "" +"Read-only option. The widget periodically increments the value of this " +"option whenever its value is greater than 0 and, in determinate mode, less " +"than maximum. This option may be used by the current theme to provide " +"additional animation effects." +msgstr "" +"只读属性。只要值大于 0 且在 determinate 模式下小于最大值，控件就会定期增大该属性值。当前主题可利用本属性提供额外的动画效果。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:699 +msgid "ttk.Progressbar" +msgstr "ttk.Progressbar" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:705 +msgid "" +"Begin autoincrement mode: schedules a recurring timer event that calls " +":meth:`Progressbar.step` every *interval* milliseconds. If omitted, " +"*interval* defaults to 50 milliseconds." +msgstr "" +"开启自增模式：安排一个循环的定时器事件，每隔 *interval* 毫秒调用一次 :meth:`Progressbar.step`。*interval*" +" 可省略，默认为 50毫秒。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:712 +msgid "Increments the progress bar's value by *amount*." +msgstr "将进度条的值增加 *amount*。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:714 +msgid "*amount* defaults to 1.0 if omitted." +msgstr "*amount* 可省略，默认为 1.0。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Stop autoincrement mode: cancels any recurring timer event initiated by " +":meth:`Progressbar.start` for this progress bar." +msgstr "停止自增模式：取消所有由 :meth:`Progressbar.start` 启动的循环定时器事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:724 +msgid "Separator" +msgstr "Separator" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:726 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ttk.Separator` widget displays a horizontal or vertical " +"separator bar." +msgstr ":class:`ttk.Separator` 控件用于显示横向或纵向的分隔条。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:729 +msgid "" +"It has no other methods besides the ones inherited from :class:`ttk.Widget`." +msgstr "除由 :class:`ttk.Widget` 继承而来的方法外，没有定义其他方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:735 +msgid "This widget accepts the following specific option:" +msgstr "属性如下：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:742 +msgid "" +"One of \"horizontal\" or \"vertical\". Specifies the orientation of the " +"separator." +msgstr "horizontal 或 vertical。指定分隔条的方向。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:748 +msgid "Sizegrip" +msgstr "Sizegrip" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:750 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ttk.Sizegrip` widget (also known as a grow box) allows the user " +"to resize the containing toplevel window by pressing and dragging the grip." +msgstr ":class:`ttk.Sizegrip` 控件允许用户通过按下并拖动控制柄来调整内部顶层窗口的大小。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:753 +msgid "" +"This widget has neither specific options nor specific methods, besides the " +"ones inherited from :class:`ttk.Widget`." +msgstr "除由 :class:`ttk.Widget` 继承的之外，没有其他属性和方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:758 +msgid "Platform-specific notes" +msgstr "与平台相关的注意事项" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:760 +msgid "" +"On macOS, toplevel windows automatically include a built-in size grip by " +"default. Adding a :class:`Sizegrip` is harmless, since the built-in grip " +"will just mask the widget." +msgstr "" +"在 macOS 上，顶层窗口默认自动包括了一个内置的大小控制柄。 再加一个 :class:`Sizegrip` " +"也没什么坏处，因为内置的控制柄会盖住该控件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:766 +msgid "Bugs" +msgstr "Bug" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:768 +msgid "" +"If the containing toplevel's position was specified relative to the right or" +" bottom of the screen (e.g. ....), the :class:`Sizegrip` widget will not " +"resize the window." +msgstr "假如内部的顶层窗口位置是相对于屏幕的右侧或底部进行设置的，那么 :class:`Sizegrip` 控件将不会改变窗口的大小。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:771 +msgid "This widget supports only \"southeast\" resizing." +msgstr "Sizegrip 仅支持往“东南”方向的缩放。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:775 +msgid "Treeview" +msgstr "Treeview" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:777 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ttk.Treeview` widget displays a hierarchical collection of " +"items. Each item has a textual label, an optional image, and an optional " +"list of data values. The data values are displayed in successive columns " +"after the tree label." +msgstr "" +":class:`ttk.Treeview` 控件可将多项内容分层级显示。每个数据项都带有一个文本标签、一个可选的图片和一个可选的数据值列表。 " +"这些数据值将在树标签后面分列显示。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:782 +msgid "" +"The order in which data values are displayed may be controlled by setting " +"the widget option ``displaycolumns``. The tree widget can also display " +"column headings. Columns may be accessed by number or symbolic names listed " +"in the widget option columns. See `Column Identifiers`_." +msgstr "" +"数据值的显示顺序可用属性 ``displaycolumns`` 进行控制。树控件还可以显示列标题。数据列可通过数字或名称进行访问，各列的名称在属性 " +"columns 中列出。参阅 `Column Identifiers`_。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:787 +msgid "" +"Each item is identified by a unique name. The widget will generate item IDs " +"if they are not supplied by the caller. There is a distinguished root item, " +"named ``{}``. The root item itself is not displayed; its children appear at " +"the top level of the hierarchy." +msgstr "" +"每个数据项都由唯一名称进行标识。如果调用者未提供数据项的 ID，树控件会自动生成。根有且只有一个，名为 " +"``{}``。根本身不会显示出来；其子项将显示在顶层。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:792 +msgid "" +"Each item also has a list of tags, which can be used to associate event " +"bindings with individual items and control the appearance of the item." +msgstr "每个数据项均带有一个 tag 列表，可用于绑定事件及控制外观。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:795 +msgid "" +"The Treeview widget supports horizontal and vertical scrolling, according to" +" the options described in `Scrollable Widget Options`_ and the methods " +":meth:`Treeview.xview` and :meth:`Treeview.yview`." +msgstr "" +"Treeview 组件支持水平和垂直滚动，滚动时会依据 `Scrollable Widget Options`_ 描述的属性和 " +":meth:`Treeview.xview` 和 :meth:`Treeview.yview` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:810 +msgid "columns" +msgstr "columns" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:810 +msgid "" +"A list of column identifiers, specifying the number of columns and their " +"names." +msgstr "列标识的列表，定义了列的数量和名称。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:813 +msgid "displaycolumns" +msgstr "displaycolumns" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:813 +msgid "" +"A list of column identifiers (either symbolic or integer indices) specifying" +" which data columns are displayed and the order in which they appear, or the" +" string \"#all\"." +msgstr "列标识的列表（索引可为符号或整数），指定要显示的数据列及显示顺序，或为字符串 “#all”。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:818 +msgid "" +"Specifies the number of rows which should be visible. Note: the requested " +"width is determined from the sum of the column widths." +msgstr "指定可见的行数。注意：所需宽度由各列宽度之和决定。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:822 +msgid "" +"Specifies the internal padding for the widget. The padding is a list of up " +"to four length specifications." +msgstr "指定控件内部的留白。为不超过四个元素的长度列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:825 +msgid "selectmode" +msgstr "selectmode" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:825 +msgid "" +"Controls how the built-in class bindings manage the selection. One of " +"\"extended\", \"browse\" or \"none\". If set to \"extended\" (the default), " +"multiple items may be selected. If \"browse\", only a single item will be " +"selected at a time. If \"none\", the selection will not be changed." +msgstr "" +"控制内部类如何进行选中项的管理。可为 extended、browse 或 none。若设为 extended（默认），则可选中多个项。若为 browse" +" ，则每次只能选中一项。若为 none，则无法修改选中项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:832 +msgid "" +"Note that the application code and tag bindings can set the selection " +"however they wish, regardless of the value of this option." +msgstr "请注意，代码和 tag 绑定可自由进行选中操作，不受本属性的限制。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:836 +msgid "show" +msgstr "show" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:836 +msgid "" +"A list containing zero or more of the following values, specifying which " +"elements of the tree to display." +msgstr "由0个或下列值组成的列表，指定要显示树的哪些元素。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:839 +msgid "tree: display tree labels in column #0." +msgstr "tree ：在 #0 列显示树的文本标签。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:840 +msgid "headings: display the heading row." +msgstr "headings ：显示标题行。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:842 +msgid "The default is \"tree headings\", i.e., show all elements." +msgstr "默认为“tree headings”，显示所有元素。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:845 +msgid "" +"**Note**: Column #0 always refers to the tree column, even if show=\"tree\" " +"is not specified." +msgstr "** 注意** ：第 #0 列一定是指 tree 列，即便未设置 show=\"tree\" 也一样。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:851 +msgid "Item Options" +msgstr "数据项的属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:853 +msgid "" +"The following item options may be specified for items in the insert and item" +" widget commands." +msgstr "可在插入和数据项操作时设置以下属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:861 +msgid "The textual label to display for the item." +msgstr "用于显示的文本标签。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:863 +msgid "A Tk Image, displayed to the left of the label." +msgstr "Tk 图片对象，显示在文本标签左侧。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:865 +msgid "The list of values associated with the item." +msgstr "关联的数据值列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:867 +msgid "" +"Each item should have the same number of values as the widget option " +"columns. If there are fewer values than columns, the remaining values are " +"assumed empty. If there are more values than columns, the extra values are " +"ignored." +msgstr "" +"每个数据项关联的数据数量应与 columns 属性相同。如果比 columns 属性的少，剩下的值将视为空。如果多于 columns " +"属性的，多余数据将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:872 +msgid "open" +msgstr "open" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:872 +msgid "" +"``True``/``False`` value indicating whether the item's children should be " +"displayed or hidden." +msgstr "``True`` 或 ``False``，表明是否显示数据项的子树。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:875 +msgid "tags" +msgstr "tags" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:875 +msgid "A list of tags associated with this item." +msgstr "与该数据项关联的 tag 列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:880 +msgid "Tag Options" +msgstr "tag 属性" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:882 +msgid "The following options may be specified on tags:" +msgstr "tag 可定义以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:889 +msgid "foreground" +msgstr "foreground" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:889 +msgid "Specifies the text foreground color." +msgstr "定义文本前景色。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:891 +msgid "Specifies the cell or item background color." +msgstr "定义单元格或数据项的背景色。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:893 +msgid "font" +msgstr "font" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:893 +msgid "Specifies the font to use when drawing text." +msgstr "定义文本的字体。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:895 +msgid "Specifies the item image, in case the item's image option is empty." +msgstr "定义数据项的图片，当 image 属性为空时使用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:901 +msgid "Column Identifiers" +msgstr "列标识" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:903 +msgid "Column identifiers take any of the following forms:" +msgstr "列标识可用以下格式给出：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:905 +msgid "A symbolic name from the list of columns option." +msgstr "由 columns 属性给出的符号名。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:906 +msgid "An integer n, specifying the nth data column." +msgstr "整数值 n，指定第 n 列。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:907 +msgid "" +"A string of the form #n, where n is an integer, specifying the nth display " +"column." +msgstr "#n 的字符串格式，n 是整数，指定第 n 个显示列。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:910 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注意：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:912 +msgid "" +"Item's option values may be displayed in a different order than the order in" +" which they are stored." +msgstr "数据项属性的显示顺序可能与存储顺序不一样。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:914 +msgid "" +"Column #0 always refers to the tree column, even if show=\"tree\" is not " +"specified." +msgstr "#0 列一定是指 tree 列，即便未指定 show=\"tree\" 也是一样。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:917 +msgid "" +"A data column number is an index into an item's option values list; a " +"display column number is the column number in the tree where the values are " +"displayed. Tree labels are displayed in column #0. If option displaycolumns " +"is not set, then data column n is displayed in column #n+1. Again, **column " +"#0 always refers to the tree column**." +msgstr "" +"数据列号是指属性值列表中的索引值，显示列号是指显示在树控件中的列号。树的文本标签将显示在 #0 列。如果未设置 displaycolumns " +"属性，则数据列 n 将显示在第 #n+1 列。再次强调一下，**#0 列一定是指 tree 列** 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:927 +msgid "The Treeview widget generates the following virtual events." +msgstr "Treeview 控件会生成以下虚拟事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:932 +msgid "Event" +msgstr "事件" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:934 +msgid "<>" +msgstr "<>" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:934 +msgid "Generated whenever the selection changes." +msgstr "当选中项发生变化时生成。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:936 +msgid "<>" +msgstr "<>" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:936 +msgid "Generated just before settings the focus item to open=True." +msgstr "当焦点所在项的 open= True 之前立即生成。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:939 +msgid "<>" +msgstr "<>" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:939 +msgid "Generated just after setting the focus item to open=False." +msgstr "当焦点所在项的 open= True 之后立即生成。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:943 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Treeview.focus` and :meth:`Treeview.selection` methods can be " +"used to determine the affected item or items." +msgstr ":meth:`Treeview.focus` 和 :meth:`Treeview.selection` 方法可用于确认涉及的数据项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:948 +msgid "ttk.Treeview" +msgstr "ttk.Treeview" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:954 +msgid "" +"Returns the bounding box (relative to the treeview widget's window) of the " +"specified *item* in the form (x, y, width, height)." +msgstr "返回某 *数据项* 的边界（相对于控件窗口的坐标），形式为 (x, y, width, height) 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:957 +msgid "" +"If *column* is specified, returns the bounding box of that cell. If the " +"*item* is not visible (i.e., if it is a descendant of a closed item or is " +"scrolled offscreen), returns an empty string." +msgstr "若给出了 *column*，则返回该单元格的边界。若该 *数据项* 不可见（即从属于已关闭项或滚动至屏幕外），则返回空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:964 +msgid "Returns the list of children belonging to *item*." +msgstr "返回 *item* 的下属数据项列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:966 +msgid "If *item* is not specified, returns root children." +msgstr "若未给出 *item* ，则返回根的下属数据。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:971 +msgid "Replaces *item*'s child with *newchildren*." +msgstr "用 *newchildren* 替换 *item* 的下属数据。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:973 +msgid "" +"Children present in *item* that are not present in *newchildren* are " +"detached from the tree. No items in *newchildren* may be an ancestor of " +"*item*. Note that not specifying *newchildren* results in detaching *item*'s" +" children." +msgstr "" +"对于 *item* 中存在而 *newchildren* 中不存在的数据项，会从树中移除。*newchildren* 中的数据不能是 *item* " +"的上级。注意，未给出 *newchildren* 会导致 *item* 的子项被解除关联。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:981 +msgid "Query or modify the options for the specified *column*." +msgstr "查询或修改列 *column* 的属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:983 +msgid "" +"If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the column option values. If " +"*option* is specified then the value for that *option* is returned. " +"Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding values." +msgstr "如果未给出 *kw*，则返回属性值的字典。若指定了 *option*，则会返回该属性值。否则将设置属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:987 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1042 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1578 +msgid "The valid options/values are:" +msgstr "合法的 属性/值 可为：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:989 +msgid "*id*" +msgstr "*id*" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:990 +msgid "Returns the column name. This is a read-only option." +msgstr "返回列名。这是只读属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:991 +msgid "*anchor*: One of the standard Tk anchor values." +msgstr "*anchor*: 某个标准 Tk 锚点值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:992 +msgid "" +"Specifies how the text in this column should be aligned with respect to the " +"cell." +msgstr "指定该列的文本在单元格内的对齐方式。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:994 +msgid "*minwidth*: width" +msgstr "*minwidth*: 宽度" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:995 +msgid "" +"The minimum width of the column in pixels. The treeview widget will not make" +" the column any smaller than specified by this option when the widget is " +"resized or the user drags a column." +msgstr "列的最小宽度，单位是像素。在缩放控件或用户拖动某一列时，Treeview 会保证列宽不小于此值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:998 +msgid "*stretch*: ``True``/``False``" +msgstr "*stretch*: ``True``/``False``" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:999 +msgid "" +"Specifies whether the column's width should be adjusted when the widget is " +"resized." +msgstr "指明缩放控件时是否调整列宽。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1001 +msgid "*width*: width" +msgstr "*width*: 宽度" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1002 +msgid "The width of the column in pixels." +msgstr "列宽，单位为像素数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1004 +msgid "To configure the tree column, call this with column = \"#0\"" +msgstr "若要设置 tree 列，请带上参数 column = \"#0\" 进行调用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1008 +msgid "Delete all specified *items* and all their descendants." +msgstr "删除所有 *items* 及其下属。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1010 +msgid "The root item may not be deleted." +msgstr "根不能删除。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1015 +msgid "Unlinks all of the specified *items* from the tree." +msgstr "将所有 *items* 与树解除关联。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"The items and all of their descendants are still present, and may be " +"reinserted at another point in the tree, but will not be displayed." +msgstr "数据项及其下属依然存在，后续可以重新插入，目前只是不显示出来。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1020 +msgid "The root item may not be detached." +msgstr "根不能解除关联。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1025 +msgid "Returns ``True`` if the specified *item* is present in the tree." +msgstr "如果给出的 *item* 位于树中，则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"If *item* is specified, sets the focus item to *item*. Otherwise, returns " +"the current focus item, or '' if there is none." +msgstr "如果给出 *item* 则设为当前焦点。否则返回当前焦点所在数据项，若无则返回 ''。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1036 +msgid "Query or modify the heading options for the specified *column*." +msgstr "查询或修改某 *column* 的标题。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1038 +msgid "" +"If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the heading option values. If " +"*option* is specified then the value for that *option* is returned. " +"Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding values." +msgstr "若未给出 *kw*，则返回列标题组成的列表。若给出了 *option* 则返回对应属性值。否则，设置属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1044 +msgid "*text*: text" +msgstr "*text*: 文本" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1045 +msgid "The text to display in the column heading." +msgstr "显示为列标题的文本。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1046 +msgid "*image*: imageName" +msgstr "*image*: 图片名称" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1047 +msgid "Specifies an image to display to the right of the column heading." +msgstr "指定显示在列标题右侧的图片。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1048 +msgid "*anchor*: anchor" +msgstr "*anchor*: 锚点" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1049 +msgid "" +"Specifies how the heading text should be aligned. One of the standard Tk " +"anchor values." +msgstr "指定列标题文本的对齐方式。应为标准的 Tk 锚点值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1051 +msgid "*command*: callback" +msgstr "*command*: 回调" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1052 +msgid "A callback to be invoked when the heading label is pressed." +msgstr "点击列标题时执行的回调函数。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1054 +msgid "To configure the tree column heading, call this with column = \"#0\"." +msgstr "若要对 tree 列进行设置，请带上 column = \"#0\" 进行调用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"Returns a description of the specified *component* under the point given by " +"*x* and *y*, or the empty string if no such *component* is present at that " +"position." +msgstr "返回 *x*、*y* 位置上 *component* 数据项的描述信息，如果此处没有该数据项，则返回空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1066 +msgid "Returns the item ID of the item at position *y*." +msgstr "返回 *y* 位置上的数据项 ID。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1071 +msgid "Returns the data column identifier of the cell at position *x*." +msgstr "返回 *x* 位置上的单元格所在的数据列 ID。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1073 +msgid "The tree column has ID #0." +msgstr "tree 列的 ID 为 #0 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1078 +msgid "Returns one of:" +msgstr "返回以下值之一：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1081 +msgid "region" +msgstr "区域" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1081 +msgid "meaning" +msgstr "含义" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1083 +msgid "heading" +msgstr "heading" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1083 +msgid "Tree heading area." +msgstr "树的标题栏区域。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1085 +msgid "separator" +msgstr "separator" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1085 +msgid "Space between two columns headings." +msgstr "两个列标题之间的间隔区域。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1087 +msgid "tree" +msgstr "tree" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1087 +msgid "The tree area." +msgstr "树区域。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1089 +msgid "cell" +msgstr "cell" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1089 +msgid "A data cell." +msgstr "数据单元格。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1092 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1099 +msgid "Availability: Tk 8.6." +msgstr "可用性：Tk 8.6。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1097 +msgid "Returns the element at position *x*, *y*." +msgstr "返回位于 *x* 、*y* 的数据项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"Returns the integer index of *item* within its parent's list of children." +msgstr "返回 *item* 在父项的子项列表中的整数索引。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"Creates a new item and returns the item identifier of the newly created " +"item." +msgstr "新建一个数据项并返回其 ID。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1112 +msgid "" +"*parent* is the item ID of the parent item, or the empty string to create a " +"new top-level item. *index* is an integer, or the value \"end\", specifying " +"where in the list of parent's children to insert the new item. If *index* is" +" less than or equal to zero, the new node is inserted at the beginning; if " +"*index* is greater than or equal to the current number of children, it is " +"inserted at the end. If *iid* is specified, it is used as the item " +"identifier; *iid* must not already exist in the tree. Otherwise, a new " +"unique identifier is generated." +msgstr "" +"*parent* 是父项的 ID，若要新建顶级项则为空字符串。 *index* 是整数或“end”，指明在父项的子项列表中的插入位置。如果 " +"*index* 小于等于0，则在开头插入新节点；如果 *index* 大于或等于当前子节点数，则将其插入末尾。如果给出了 *iid*，则将其用作数据项 " +"ID； *iid* 不得存在于树中。否则会新生成一个唯一 ID。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1121 +msgid "See `Item Options`_ for the list of available options." +msgstr "可用的选项列表请参阅 `Item Options`_。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1126 +msgid "Query or modify the options for the specified *item*." +msgstr "查询或修改某 *item* 的属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1128 +msgid "" +"If no options are given, a dict with options/values for the item is " +"returned. If *option* is specified then the value for that option is " +"returned. Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding values as given " +"by *kw*." +msgstr "如果未给出 option，则返回属性/值构成的字典。如果给出了 *option*，则返回该属性的值。否则，将属性设为 *kw* 给出的值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1136 +msgid "Moves *item* to position *index* in *parent*'s list of children." +msgstr "将 *item* 移至指定位置，父项为 *parent* ，子项列表索引为 *index* 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1138 +msgid "" +"It is illegal to move an item under one of its descendants. If *index* is " +"less than or equal to zero, *item* is moved to the beginning; if greater " +"than or equal to the number of children, it is moved to the end. If *item* " +"was detached it is reattached." +msgstr "" +"将数据项移入其子项之下是非法的。如果 *index* 小于等于0，*item* 将被移到开头；如果大于等于子项的总数，则被移至最后。如果 *item* " +"已解除关联，则会被重新关联。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1146 +msgid "" +"Returns the identifier of *item*'s next sibling, or '' if *item* is the last" +" child of its parent." +msgstr "返回 *item* 的下一个相邻项，如果 *item* 是父项的最后一个子项，则返回 ''。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1152 +msgid "" +"Returns the ID of the parent of *item*, or '' if *item* is at the top level " +"of the hierarchy." +msgstr "返回 *item* 的父项 ID，如果 *item* 为顶级节点，则返回 ''。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"Returns the identifier of *item*'s previous sibling, or '' if *item* is the " +"first child of its parent." +msgstr "返回 *item* 的前一个相邻项，若 *item* 为父项的第一个子项，则返回 ''。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1164 +msgid "An alias for :meth:`Treeview.move`." +msgstr ":meth:`Treeview.move` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1169 +msgid "Ensure that *item* is visible." +msgstr "确保 *item* 可见。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"Sets all of *item*'s ancestors open option to ``True``, and scrolls the " +"widget if necessary so that *item* is within the visible portion of the " +"tree." +msgstr "将 *item* 所有上级的 open 属性设为 ``True``，必要时会滚动控件，让 *item* 处于树的可见部分。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1178 +msgid "Returns a tuple of selected items." +msgstr "返回由选中项构成的元组。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"``selection()`` no longer takes arguments. For changing the selection state" +" use the following selection methods." +msgstr "``selection()`` 不再接受参数了。若要改变选中的状态，请使用下面介绍的方法。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1187 +msgid "*items* becomes the new selection." +msgstr "让 *items* 成为新的选中项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1189 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1197 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1205 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"*items* can be passed as separate arguments, not just as a single tuple." +msgstr "*items* 可作为多个单独的参数传递，而不只是作为一个元组。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1195 +msgid "Add *items* to the selection." +msgstr "将 *items* 加入选中项。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1203 +msgid "Remove *items* from the selection." +msgstr "从选中项中移除 *items* 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1211 +msgid "Toggle the selection state of each item in *items*." +msgstr "切换 *items* 中各项的选中状态。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"With one argument, returns a dictionary of column/value pairs for the " +"specified *item*. With two arguments, returns the current value of the " +"specified *column*. With three arguments, sets the value of given *column* " +"in given *item* to the specified *value*." +msgstr "" +"若带一个参数，则返回 *item* 的列/值字典。若带两个参数，则返回 *column* 的当前值。若带三个参数，则将 *item* 的 " +"*column* 设为 *value*。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"Bind a callback for the given event *sequence* to the tag *tagname*. When an" +" event is delivered to an item, the callbacks for each of the item's tags " +"option are called." +msgstr "" +"为 tag 为 *tagname* 的数据项绑定事件 *sequence* 的回调函数。当事件分发给该数据项时，tag 参数为 *tagname* " +"的全部数据项的回调都会被调用到。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1234 +msgid "Query or modify the options for the specified *tagname*." +msgstr "查询或修改 *tagname* 指定项的属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the option settings for *tagname*. " +"If *option* is specified, returns the value for that *option* for the " +"specified *tagname*. Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding values" +" for the given *tagname*." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *kw*，则返回 *tagname* 项的属性字典。如果给出了 *option*，则返回 *tagname* 项的 *option* " +"属性值。否则，设置 *tagname* 项的属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"If *item* is specified, returns 1 or 0 depending on whether the specified " +"*item* has the given *tagname*. Otherwise, returns a list of all items that " +"have the specified tag." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *item* ，则依据 *item* 是否具备 *tagname* 而返回 1 或 0。否则，返回 tag 为 " +"*tagname* 的所有数据项构成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1248 +msgid "Availability: Tk 8.6" +msgstr "可用性：Tk 8.6。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1253 +msgid "Query or modify horizontal position of the treeview." +msgstr "查询或修改 Treeview 的横向位置。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1258 +msgid "Query or modify vertical position of the treeview." +msgstr "查询或修改 Treeview 的纵向位置。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1264 +msgid "Ttk Styling" +msgstr "Ttk 样式" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1266 +msgid "" +"Each widget in :mod:`ttk` is assigned a style, which specifies the set of " +"elements making up the widget and how they are arranged, along with dynamic " +"and default settings for element options. By default the style name is the " +"same as the widget's class name, but it may be overridden by the widget's " +"style option. If you don't know the class name of a widget, use the method " +":meth:`Misc.winfo_class` (somewidget.winfo_class())." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ttk` " +"的每种控件都赋有一个样式，指定了控件内的元素及其排列方式，以及元素属性的动态和默认设置。默认情况下，样式名与控件的类名相同，但可能会被控件的 style" +" 属性覆盖。如果不知道控件的类名，可用 :meth:`Misc.winfo_class` 方法获取（somewidget.winfo_class()）。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"`Tcl'2004 conference presentation " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`Tcl'2004 会议报告 `_" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1276 +msgid "This document explains how the theme engine works" +msgstr "文章解释了主题引擎的工作原理。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1281 +msgid "This class is used to manipulate the style database." +msgstr "用于操控样式数据库的类。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1286 +msgid "Query or set the default value of the specified option(s) in *style*." +msgstr "查询或设置 *style* 的默认属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"Each key in *kw* is an option and each value is a string identifying the " +"value for that option." +msgstr " *kw* 中的键为属性，值为该属性值的字符串标识。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1291 +msgid "" +"For example, to change every default button to be a flat button with some " +"padding and a different background color::" +msgstr "例如，要将默认按钮改为扁平样式，并带有留白和各种背景色：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1294 +msgid "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"import tkinter\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"ttk.Style().configure(\"TButton\", padding=6, relief=\"flat\",\n" +" background=\"#ccc\")\n" +"\n" +"btn = ttk.Button(text=\"Sample\")\n" +"btn.pack()\n" +"\n" +"root.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"import tkinter\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"ttk.Style().configure(\"TButton\", padding=6, relief=\"flat\",\n" +" background=\"#ccc\")\n" +"\n" +"btn = ttk.Button(text=\"Sample\")\n" +"btn.pack()\n" +"\n" +"root.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1310 +msgid "Query or sets dynamic values of the specified option(s) in *style*." +msgstr "查询或设置 *style* 的指定属性的动态值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"Each key in *kw* is an option and each value should be a list or a tuple " +"(usually) containing statespecs grouped in tuples, lists, or some other " +"preference. A statespec is a compound of one or more states and then a " +"value." +msgstr "" +"*kw* " +"的每个键都是一个属性，每个值通常应为列表或元组，其中包含以元组、列表或其他形式组合而成的状态标识（statespec）。状态标识是由一个或多个状态组合，加上一个值组成。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1317 +msgid "An example may make it more understandable::" +msgstr "举个例子能更清晰些：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"import tkinter\n" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.map(\"C.TButton\",\n" +" foreground=[('pressed', 'red'), ('active', 'blue')],\n" +" background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'black'), ('active', 'white')]\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +"colored_btn = ttk.Button(text=\"Test\", style=\"C.TButton\").pack()\n" +"\n" +"root.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"import tkinter\n" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.map(\"C.TButton\",\n" +" foreground=[('pressed', 'red'), ('active', 'blue')],\n" +" background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'black'), ('active', 'white')]\n" +" )\n" +"\n" +"colored_btn = ttk.Button(text=\"Test\", style=\"C.TButton\").pack()\n" +"\n" +"root.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1335 +msgid "" +"Note that the order of the (states, value) sequences for an option does " +"matter, if the order is changed to ``[('active', 'blue'), ('pressed', " +"'red')]`` in the foreground option, for example, the result would be a blue " +"foreground when the widget were in active or pressed states." +msgstr "" +"请注意，要点是属性的（状态，值）序列的顺序，如果前景色属性的顺序改为 ``[('active', 'blue'), ('pressed', " +"'red')]`` ，则控件处于激活或按下状态时的前景色将为蓝色。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1343 +msgid "Returns the value specified for *option* in *style*." +msgstr "返回 *style* 中的 *option* 属性值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"If *state* is specified, it is expected to be a sequence of one or more " +"states. If the *default* argument is set, it is used as a fallback value in " +"case no specification for option is found." +msgstr "如果给出了 *state* ，则应是一个或多个状态组成的序列。如果设置了 *default* 参数，则在属性值缺失时会用作后备值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1349 +msgid "To check what font a Button uses by default::" +msgstr "若要检测按钮的默认字体，可以：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1351 +msgid "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"\n" +"print(ttk.Style().lookup(\"TButton\", \"font\"))" +msgstr "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"\n" +"print(ttk.Style().lookup(\"TButton\", \"font\"))" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1358 +msgid "" +"Define the widget layout for given *style*. If *layoutspec* is omitted, " +"return the layout specification for given style." +msgstr "按照 *style* 定义控件布局。如果省略了 *layoutspec*，则返回该样式的布局属性。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1361 +msgid "" +"*layoutspec*, if specified, is expected to be a list or some other sequence " +"type (excluding strings), where each item should be a tuple and the first " +"item is the layout name and the second item should have the format described" +" in `Layouts`_." +msgstr "" +"若给出了 *layoutspec*，则应为一个列表或其他的序列类型（不包括字符串），其中的数据项应为元组类型，第一项是布局名称，第二项的格式应符合 " +"`Layouts`_ 的描述。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"To understand the format, see the following example (it is not intended to " +"do anything useful)::" +msgstr "以下示例有助于理解这种格式（这里并没有实际意义）：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1369 +msgid "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"import tkinter\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.layout(\"TMenubutton\", [\n" +" (\"Menubutton.background\", None),\n" +" (\"Menubutton.button\", {\"children\":\n" +" [(\"Menubutton.focus\", {\"children\":\n" +" [(\"Menubutton.padding\", {\"children\":\n" +" [(\"Menubutton.label\", {\"side\": \"left\", \"expand\": 1})]\n" +" })]\n" +" })]\n" +" }),\n" +"])\n" +"\n" +"mbtn = ttk.Menubutton(text='Text')\n" +"mbtn.pack()\n" +"root.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"import tkinter\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.layout(\"TMenubutton\", [\n" +" (\"Menubutton.background\", None),\n" +" (\"Menubutton.button\", {\"children\":\n" +" [(\"Menubutton.focus\", {\"children\":\n" +" [(\"Menubutton.padding\", {\"children\":\n" +" [(\"Menubutton.label\", {\"side\": \"left\", \"expand\": 1})]\n" +" })]\n" +" })]\n" +" }),\n" +"])\n" +"\n" +"mbtn = ttk.Menubutton(text='Text')\n" +"mbtn.pack()\n" +"root.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"Create a new element in the current theme, of the given *etype* which is " +"expected to be either \"image\", \"from\" or \"vsapi\". The latter is only " +"available in Tk 8.6 on Windows." +msgstr "" +"在当前主题中创建一个新元素，为给定的 *etype*，它应当是 \"image\", \"from\" 或 \"vsapi\"。 后者权在 " +"Windows 版 Tk 8.6 中可用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1397 +msgid "" +"If \"image\" is used, *args* should contain the default image name followed " +"by statespec/value pairs (this is the imagespec), and *kw* may have the " +"following options:" +msgstr "" +"如果用了 image，则 *args* 应包含默认的图片名，后面跟着 状态标识/值（这里是 imagespec），*kw* 可带有以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1401 +msgid "border=padding" +msgstr "border=padding" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"padding is a list of up to four integers, specifying the left, top, right, " +"and bottom borders, respectively." +msgstr "padding 是由不超过四个整数构成的列表，分别定义了左、顶、右、底的边界。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1405 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1479 +msgid "height=height" +msgstr "height=height" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"Specifies a minimum height for the element. If less than zero, the base " +"image's height is used as a default." +msgstr "定义了元素的最小高度。如果小于零，则默认采用图片本身的高度。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1409 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1453 +msgid "padding=padding" +msgstr "padding=padding" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"Specifies the element's interior padding. Defaults to border's value if not " +"specified." +msgstr "定义了元素的内部留白。若未指定则默认采用 border 值。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1413 +msgid "sticky=spec" +msgstr "sticky=spec" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1414 +msgid "" +"Specifies how the image is placed within the final parcel. spec contains " +"zero or more characters \"n\", \"s\", \"w\", or \"e\"." +msgstr "定义了图片的对齐方式。spec 包含零个或多个 n、s、w、e 字符。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1417 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1471 +msgid "width=width" +msgstr "width=width" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1418 +msgid "" +"Specifies a minimum width for the element. If less than zero, the base " +"image's width is used as a default." +msgstr "定义了元素的最小宽度。如果小于零，则默认采用图片本身的宽度。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1421 ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1438 +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1483 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1423 +msgid "" +"img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button.png')\n" +"img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button-pressed.png')\n" +"img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button-active.png')\n" +"style = ttk.Style(root)\n" +"style.element_create('Button.button', 'image',\n" +" img1, ('pressed', img2), ('active', img3),\n" +" border=(2, 4), sticky='we')" +msgstr "" +"img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button.png')\n" +"img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button-pressed.png')\n" +"img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button-active.png')\n" +"style = ttk.Style(root)\n" +"style.element_create('Button.button', 'image',\n" +" img1, ('pressed', img2), ('active', img3),\n" +" border=(2, 4), sticky='we')" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"If \"from\" is used as the value of *etype*, :meth:`element_create` will " +"clone an existing element. *args* is expected to contain a themename, from " +"which the element will be cloned, and optionally an element to clone from. " +"If this element to clone from is not specified, an empty element will be " +"used. *kw* is discarded." +msgstr "" +"如果 *etype* 的值用了 from，则 :meth:`element_create` 将复制一个现有的元素。 *args* " +"应包含主题名和可选的要复制的元素。若未给出要克隆的元素，则采用空元素。 *kw* 参数将被丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1440 +msgid "" +"style = ttk.Style(root)\n" +"style.element_create('plain.background', 'from', 'default')" +msgstr "" +"style = ttk.Style(root)\n" +"style.element_create('plain.background', 'from', 'default')" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"If \"vsapi\" is used as the value of *etype*, :meth:`element_create` will " +"create a new element in the current theme whose visual appearance is drawn " +"using the Microsoft Visual Styles API which is responsible for the themed " +"styles on Windows XP and Vista. *args* is expected to contain the Visual " +"Styles class and part as given in the Microsoft documentation followed by an" +" optional sequence of tuples of ttk states and the corresponding Visual " +"Styles API state value. *kw* may have the following options:" +msgstr "" +"如果使用 \"vsapi\" 作为 *etype* 的值，:meth:`element_create` " +"将在当前主题中创建一个新元素，其视觉外观将使用负责处理 Windows XP 和 Vista 上带主题风格的 Microsoft Visual " +"Styles API 来绘制。 *args* 应当包含 Microsoft 文档中给出的 Visual Styles 类和部件并带有由 ttk " +"状态及对应 Visual Styles API 状态值组成的元组的可选序列。 *kw* 可能具有下列选项：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1454 +msgid "" +"Specify the element's interior padding. *padding* is a list of up to four " +"integers specifying the left, top, right and bottom padding quantities " +"respectively. If fewer than four elements are specified, bottom defaults to " +"top, right defaults to left, and top defaults to left. In other words, a " +"list of three numbers specify the left, vertical, and right padding; a list " +"of two numbers specify the horizontal and the vertical padding; a single " +"number specifies the same padding all the way around the widget. This option" +" may not be mixed with any other options." +msgstr "" +"指定元素的内边距。 *padding* 是由至多四个分别指定左、上、右、下边距值的整数组成的列表。 " +"如果指定的元素少于四个，则下边距默认等于上边距，右边距默认等于左边距。 " +"换句话说，由三个数字组成的列表将指定左边距、垂直边距和右边距；由两个数字组成的列表将指定水平边距和垂直边距；一个单独数字将为该部件的所有边指定相同的边距。" +" 此选项不可与其他任何选项混用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1465 +msgid "margins=padding" +msgstr "margins=padding" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1466 +msgid "" +"Specifies the elements exterior padding. *padding* is a list of up to four " +"integers specifying the left, top, right and bottom padding quantities " +"respectively. This option may not be mixed with any other options." +msgstr "指定元素的外边距。 *padding* 是由至多四个分别指定左、上、右、下边距值的整数组成的列表。 此选项不可与其他任何选项混用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1472 +msgid "" +"Specifies the width for the element. If this option is set then the Visual " +"Styles API will not be queried for the recommended size or the part. If this" +" option is set then *height* should also be set. The *width* and *height* " +"options cannot be mixed with the *padding* or *margins* options." +msgstr "" +"指定元素的宽度。 如果设置了此选项则不会查询 Visual Styles API 来获取推荐的大小或部件。 如果设置了此选项则还应当设置 " +"*height*。 *width* 和 *height* 选项不可与 *padding* 或 *margins* 选项混用。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1480 +msgid "Specifies the height of the element. See the comments for *width*." +msgstr "指定元素的高度。 参见 *width* 的注释。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1485 +msgid "" +"style = ttk.Style(root)\n" +"style.element_create('pin', 'vsapi', 'EXPLORERBAR', 3, [\n" +" ('pressed', '!selected', 3),\n" +" ('active', '!selected', 2),\n" +" ('pressed', 'selected', 6),\n" +" ('active', 'selected', 5),\n" +" ('selected', 4),\n" +" ('', 1)])\n" +"style.layout('Explorer.Pin',\n" +" [('Explorer.Pin.pin', {'sticky': 'news'})])\n" +"pin = ttk.Checkbutton(style='Explorer.Pin')\n" +"pin.pack(expand=True, fill='both')" +msgstr "" +"style = ttk.Style(root)\n" +"style.element_create('pin', 'vsapi', 'EXPLORERBAR', 3, [\n" +" ('pressed', '!selected', 3),\n" +" ('active', '!selected', 2),\n" +" ('pressed', 'selected', 6),\n" +" ('active', 'selected', 5),\n" +" ('selected', 4),\n" +" ('', 1)])\n" +"style.layout('Explorer.Pin',\n" +" [('Explorer.Pin.pin', {'sticky': 'news'})])\n" +"pin = ttk.Checkbutton(style='Explorer.Pin')\n" +"pin.pack(expand=True, fill='both')" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1498 +msgid "Added support of the \"vsapi\" element factory." +msgstr "增加了对 \"vsapi\" 元素工厂的支持。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1503 +msgid "Returns the list of elements defined in the current theme." +msgstr "返回当前主题已定义的元素列表 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1508 +msgid "Returns the list of *elementname*'s options." +msgstr "返回 *elementname* 元素的属性列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1513 +msgid "Create a new theme." +msgstr "新建一个主题。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1515 +msgid "" +"It is an error if *themename* already exists. If *parent* is specified, the " +"new theme will inherit styles, elements and layouts from the parent theme. " +"If *settings* are present they are expected to have the same syntax used for" +" :meth:`theme_settings`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *themename* 已经存在，则会报错。如果给出了 *parent*，则新主题将从父主题继承样式、元素和布局。若给出了 *settings* " +"，则语法应与 :meth:`theme_settings` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"Temporarily sets the current theme to *themename*, apply specified " +"*settings* and then restore the previous theme." +msgstr "将当前主题临时设为 *themename*，并应用 *settings*，然后恢复之前的主题。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1526 +msgid "" +"Each key in *settings* is a style and each value may contain the keys " +"'configure', 'map', 'layout' and 'element create' and they are expected to " +"have the same format as specified by the methods :meth:`Style.configure`, " +":meth:`Style.map`, :meth:`Style.layout` and :meth:`Style.element_create` " +"respectively." +msgstr "" +"*settings* 中的每个键都是一种样式而每个值可能包含 'configure', 'map', 'layout' 和 'element " +"create' 等键并且它们被预期具有与分别由 :meth:`Style.configure`, :meth:`Style.map`, " +":meth:`Style.layout` 和 :meth:`Style.element_create` 方法所指定的相符的格式。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1532 +msgid "As an example, let's change the Combobox for the default theme a bit::" +msgstr "以下例子会对 Combobox 的默认主题稍作修改：" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"import tkinter\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.theme_settings(\"default\", {\n" +" \"TCombobox\": {\n" +" \"configure\": {\"padding\": 5},\n" +" \"map\": {\n" +" \"background\": [(\"active\", \"green2\"),\n" +" (\"!disabled\", \"green4\")],\n" +" \"fieldbackground\": [(\"!disabled\", \"green3\")],\n" +" \"foreground\": [(\"focus\", \"OliveDrab1\"),\n" +" (\"!disabled\", \"OliveDrab2\")]\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"})\n" +"\n" +"combo = ttk.Combobox().pack()\n" +"\n" +"root.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"from tkinter import ttk\n" +"import tkinter\n" +"\n" +"root = tkinter.Tk()\n" +"\n" +"style = ttk.Style()\n" +"style.theme_settings(\"default\", {\n" +" \"TCombobox\": {\n" +" \"configure\": {\"padding\": 5},\n" +" \"map\": {\n" +" \"background\": [(\"active\", \"green2\"),\n" +" (\"!disabled\", \"green4\")],\n" +" \"fieldbackground\": [(\"!disabled\", \"green3\")],\n" +" \"foreground\": [(\"focus\", \"OliveDrab1\"),\n" +" (\"!disabled\", \"OliveDrab2\")]\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"})\n" +"\n" +"combo = ttk.Combobox().pack()\n" +"\n" +"root.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1560 +msgid "Returns a list of all known themes." +msgstr "返回所有已知主题的列表。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1565 +msgid "" +"If *themename* is not given, returns the theme in use. Otherwise, sets the " +"current theme to *themename*, refreshes all widgets and emits a " +"<> event." +msgstr "" +"若未给出 *themename*，则返回正在使用的主题。否则，将当前主题设为 *themename*，刷新所有控件并引发 " +"<> 事件。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1571 +msgid "Layouts" +msgstr "布局" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1573 +msgid "" +"A layout can be just ``None``, if it takes no options, or a dict of options " +"specifying how to arrange the element. The layout mechanism uses a " +"simplified version of the pack geometry manager: given an initial cavity, " +"each element is allocated a parcel." +msgstr "" +"布局可以为 ``None``，如果未传入任何选项，或传入一个指明元素排列方式的字典的话。 " +"布局机制使用简化版本的打包位置管理器：给定一个初始容器，并为每个元素分配一个区块。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1580 +msgid "*side*: whichside" +msgstr "*side*: 边缘" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1581 +msgid "" +"Specifies which side of the cavity to place the element; one of top, right, " +"bottom or left. If omitted, the element occupies the entire cavity." +msgstr "指定元素置于容器的哪一侧； 顶、右、底或左。如果省略，则该元素将占据整个容器。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1585 +msgid "*sticky*: nswe" +msgstr "*sticky*: 方向" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1586 +msgid "Specifies where the element is placed inside its allocated parcel." +msgstr "指定元素在已分配包装盒内的放置位置。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1588 +msgid "*unit*: 0 or 1" +msgstr "*unit*: 0 或 1" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1589 +msgid "" +"If set to 1, causes the element and all of its descendants to be treated as " +"a single element for the purposes of :meth:`Widget.identify` et al. It's " +"used for things like scrollbar thumbs with grips." +msgstr "" +"如果设为 1，则将元素及其所有后代均视作单个元素以供 :meth:`Widget.identify` 等使用。 它被用于滚动条之类带有控制柄的东西。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1593 +msgid "*children*: [sublayout... ]" +msgstr "*children*: [子布局... ]" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:1594 +msgid "" +"Specifies a list of elements to place inside the element. Each element is a " +"tuple (or other sequence type) where the first item is the layout name, and " +"the other is a `Layout`_." +msgstr "指定要放置于元素内的元素列表。每个元素都是一个元组（或其他序列类型），其中第一项是布局名称，另一项是个 `Layout`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/tkinter.ttk.rst:11 +msgid "ttk" +msgstr "ttk" diff --git a/library/token.po b/library/token.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80c2a7f52 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/token.po @@ -0,0 +1,510 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-28 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:15+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!token` --- Constants used with Python parse trees" +msgstr ":mod:`!token` --- 用于 Python 解析树的常量" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/token.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/token.py`" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This module provides constants which represent the numeric values of leaf " +"nodes of the parse tree (terminal tokens). Refer to the file " +":file:`Grammar/Tokens` in the Python distribution for the definitions of the" +" names in the context of the language grammar. The specific numeric values " +"which the names map to may change between Python versions." +msgstr "" +"该模块提供了一些代表解析树的叶子节点的数字值的常量（终端形符）。 请参阅 Python 发布版中的 :file:`Grammar/Tokens` " +"文件获取在该语言语法情境下的名称定义。 这些名称所映射的特定数字值有可能在各 Python 版本间发生变化。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The module also provides a mapping from numeric codes to names and some " +"functions. The functions mirror definitions in the Python C header files." +msgstr "该模块还提供从数字代码到名称和一些函数的映射。 这些函数镜像了 Python C 头文件中的定义。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Note that a token's value may depend on tokenizer options. For example, a " +"``\"+\"`` token may be reported as either :data:`PLUS` or :data:`OP`, or a " +"``\"match\"`` token may be either :data:`NAME` or :data:`SOFT_KEYWORD`." +msgstr "" +"请注意一个词元的值可能取决于分词器选项。 例如，``\"+\"`` 词元可能被报告为 :data:`PLUS` 或 :data:`OP`，而 " +"``\"match\"`` 词元可能被报告为 :data:`NAME` 或 :data:`SOFT_KEYWORD`。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Dictionary mapping the numeric values of the constants defined in this " +"module back to name strings, allowing more human-readable representation of " +"parse trees to be generated." +msgstr "将此模块中定义的常量的数值映射回名称字符串的字典，允许生成更加人类可读的解析树表示。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:36 +msgid "Return ``True`` for terminal token values." +msgstr "对终端形符值返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:41 +msgid "Return ``True`` for non-terminal token values." +msgstr "对非终端形符值返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:46 +msgid "Return ``True`` if *x* is the marker indicating the end of input." +msgstr "如果 *x* 是表示输入结束的标记则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:49 +msgid "The token constants are:" +msgstr "形符常量有：" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Token value that indicates an :ref:`identifier `. Note that " +"keywords are also initially tokenized an ``NAME`` tokens." +msgstr "表示一个 :ref:`标识符 ` 的词元值。 请注意关键字也会被初始分词化为 ``NAME`` 词元。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:58 +msgid "Token value that indicates a :ref:`numeric literal `" +msgstr "表示一个 :ref:`数字字面值 ` 的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Token value that indicates a :ref:`string or byte literal `, " +"excluding :ref:`formatted string literals `. The token string is " +"not interpreted: it includes the surrounding quotation marks and the prefix " +"(if given); backslashes are included literally, without processing escape " +"sequences." +msgstr "" +"表示一个 :ref:`字符串或字节串字面值 ` 的词元值，不包括 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 `。 " +"该词元字符串不会被解读：它包括两边的引号以及前缀（如果有的话）；反斜杠将按照字面值被包括，而不会处理转义序列。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:70 +msgid "" +"A generic token value that indicates an :ref:`operator ` or " +":ref:`delimiter `." +msgstr "表示一个 :ref:`运算符 ` 或 :ref:`分隔符 ` 的泛用词元。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:75 +msgid "" +"This value is only reported by the :mod:`tokenize` module. Internally, the " +"tokenizer uses :ref:`exact token types ` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"这个值仅会由 :mod:`tokenize` 模块报告。 在内部，分词器会改用 :ref:`实际词元类型 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Token value used to indicate a comment. The parser ignores :data:`!COMMENT` " +"tokens." +msgstr "用于表示注释的词元值。 解析器会忽略 :data:`!COMMENT` 词元。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Token value that indicates the end of a :ref:`logical line `." +msgstr "表示一个 :ref:`逻辑行 ` 结束的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Token value used to indicate a non-terminating newline. :data:`!NL` tokens " +"are generated when a logical line of code is continued over multiple " +"physical lines. The parser ignores :data:`!NL` tokens." +msgstr "" +"用于表示非终结换行符的词元值。 :data:`!NL` 词元会在一个代码逻辑行跨越了多个物理行时被生成。 解析器会忽略 :data:`!NL` 词元。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Token value used at the beginning of a :ref:`logical line ` " +"to indicate the start of an :ref:`indented block `." +msgstr "" +"用于在一个 :ref:`逻辑行 ` 的开头表示 :ref:`缩进块 ` 的开始的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Token value used at the beginning of a :ref:`logical line ` " +"to indicate the end of an :ref:`indented block `." +msgstr "" +"用于在一个 :ref:`逻辑行 ` 的开头表示 :ref:`缩进块 ` 的结束的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Token value used to indicate the beginning of an :ref:`f-string literal " +"`." +msgstr "用于表示一个 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` 的开始的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:111 +msgid "" +"The token string includes the prefix and the opening quote(s), but none of " +"the contents of the literal." +msgstr "该词元值包括前缀和开始引号，但不包括字面值的内容。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Token value used for literal text inside an :ref:`f-string literal " +"`, including format specifications." +msgstr "用于一个 :ref:`格式化字面值 ` 内部的字面文本包括格式说明的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Replacement fields (that is, the non-literal parts of f-strings) use the " +"same tokens as other expressions, and are delimited by :data:`LBRACE`, " +":data:`RBRACE`, :data:`EXCLAMATION` and :data:`COLON` tokens." +msgstr "" +"替换字段（即格式化字符串的非字面值部分）使用与其他表达式相同的词元，并由 :data:`LBRACE`, :data:`RBRACE`, " +":data:`EXCLAMATION` 和 :data:`COLON` 词元来分隔。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:128 +msgid "Token value used to indicate the end of a :ref:`f-string `." +msgstr "用于表示一个 :ref:`格式化字符串 ` 的结束的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:132 +msgid "The token string contains the closing quote(s)." +msgstr "该词元字符串包含结束引号。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:136 +msgid "Token value that indicates the end of input." +msgstr "表示输入结束的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Token value that indicates the encoding used to decode the source bytes into" +" text. The first token returned by :func:`tokenize.tokenize` will always be " +"an ``ENCODING`` token." +msgstr "" +"指示用于将源字节解码为文本的编码的形符值。 :func:`tokenize.tokenize` 返回的第一个形符将始终是一个 ``ENCODING`` " +"形符。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:146 +msgid "" +"This token type isn't used by the C tokenizer but is needed for the " +":mod:`tokenize` module." +msgstr "该词元类型不被 C 分词器所使用但却是 :mod:`tokenize` 模块所需要的。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:150 +msgid "" +"The following token types are not produced by the :mod:`tokenize` module, " +"and are defined for special uses in the tokenizer or parser:" +msgstr "下列词元类型不会由 :mod:`tokenize` 模块产生，它们是为分词器或解析器内的特殊用处而定义的。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Token value indicating that a ``type: ignore`` comment was recognized. Such " +"tokens are produced instead of regular :data:`COMMENT` tokens only with the " +":data:`~ast.PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` flag." +msgstr "" +"指明一个 ``type: ignore`` 注释已被识别的词元值。 此种词元仅在设置了 :data:`~ast.PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` " +"旗标时会代替常规的 :data:`COMMENT` 词元被产生。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Token value indicating that a type comment was recognized. Such tokens are " +"produced instead of regular :data:`COMMENT` tokens only with the " +":data:`~ast.PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` flag." +msgstr "" +"指明一个类型注释已被识别的词元值。 此种词元仅在设置了 :data:`~ast.PyCF_TYPE_COMMENTS` 旗标时会代替常规的 " +":data:`COMMENT` 词元被产生。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:167 +msgid "Token value indicating a :ref:`soft keyword `." +msgstr "指明一个 :ref:`软关键字 ` 的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:169 +msgid "" +"The tokenizer never produces this value. To check for a soft keyword, pass a" +" :data:`NAME` token's string to :func:`keyword.issoftkeyword`." +msgstr "" +"分词器绝不会产生该值。 要检测一个软关键字，请将一个 :data:`NAME` 词元字符串传给 " +":func:`keyword.issoftkeyword`。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:175 +msgid "Token value used to indicate wrong input." +msgstr "用于表示错误输入的词元值。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:177 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tokenize` module generally indicates errors by raising exceptions " +"instead of emitting this token. It can also emit tokens such as :data:`OP` " +"or :data:`NAME` with strings that are later rejected by the parser." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tokenize` 模块通常用引发异常而不是发出这个词元来指明错误。 它也可以发出 :data:`OP` 或 :data:`NAME` " +"等词元并附带将被解析器拒绝的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:185 +msgid "" +"The remaining tokens represent specific :ref:`operators ` and " +":ref:`delimiters `. (The :mod:`tokenize` module reports these as" +" :data:`OP`; see ``exact_type`` in the :mod:`tokenize` documentation for " +"details.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:7 +msgid "Token" +msgstr "形符" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:8 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:10 +msgid "``\"(\"``" +msgstr "``\"(\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:12 +msgid "``\")\"``" +msgstr "``\")\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:14 +msgid "``\"[\"``" +msgstr "``\"[\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:16 +msgid "``\"]\"``" +msgstr "``\"]\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:18 +msgid "``\":\"``" +msgstr "``\":\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:20 +msgid "``\",\"``" +msgstr "``\",\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:22 +msgid "``\";\"``" +msgstr "``\";\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:24 +msgid "``\"+\"``" +msgstr "``\"+\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:26 +msgid "``\"-\"``" +msgstr "``\"-\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:28 +msgid "``\"*\"``" +msgstr "``\"*\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:30 +msgid "``\"/\"``" +msgstr "``\"/\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:32 +msgid "``\"|\"``" +msgstr "``\"|\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:34 +msgid "``\"&\"``" +msgstr "``\"&\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:36 +msgid "``\"<\"``" +msgstr "``\"<\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:38 +msgid "``\">\"``" +msgstr "``\">\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:40 +msgid "``\"=\"``" +msgstr "``\"=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:42 +msgid "``\".\"``" +msgstr "``\".\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:44 +msgid "``\"%\"``" +msgstr "``\"%\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:46 +msgid "``\"{\"``" +msgstr "``\"{\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:48 +msgid "``\"}\"``" +msgstr "``\"}\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:50 +msgid "``\"==\"``" +msgstr "``\"==\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:52 +msgid "``\"!=\"``" +msgstr "``\"!=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:54 +msgid "``\"<=\"``" +msgstr "``\"<=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:56 +msgid "``\">=\"``" +msgstr "``\">=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:58 +msgid "``\"~\"``" +msgstr "``\"~\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:60 +msgid "``\"^\"``" +msgstr "``\"^\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:62 +msgid "``\"<<\"``" +msgstr "``\"<<\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:64 +msgid "``\">>\"``" +msgstr "``\">>\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:66 +msgid "``\"**\"``" +msgstr "``\"**\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:68 +msgid "``\"+=\"``" +msgstr "``\"+=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:70 +msgid "``\"-=\"``" +msgstr "``\"-=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:72 +msgid "``\"*=\"``" +msgstr "``\"*=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:74 +msgid "``\"/=\"``" +msgstr "``\"/=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:76 +msgid "``\"%=\"``" +msgstr "``\"%=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:78 +msgid "``\"&=\"``" +msgstr "``\"&=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:80 +msgid "``\"|=\"``" +msgstr "``\"|=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:82 +msgid "``\"^=\"``" +msgstr "``\"^=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:84 +msgid "``\"<<=\"``" +msgstr "``\"<<=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:86 +msgid "``\">>=\"``" +msgstr "``\">>=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:88 +msgid "``\"**=\"``" +msgstr "``\"**=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:90 +msgid "``\"//\"``" +msgstr "``\"//\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:92 +msgid "``\"//=\"``" +msgstr "``\"//=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:94 +msgid "``\"@\"``" +msgstr "``\"@\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:96 +msgid "``\"@=\"``" +msgstr "``\"@=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:98 +msgid "``\"->\"``" +msgstr "``\"->\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:100 +msgid "``\"...\"``" +msgstr "``\"...\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:102 +msgid "``\":=\"``" +msgstr "``\":=\"``" + +#: ../../library/token-list.inc:104 +msgid "``\"!\"``" +msgstr "``\"!\"``" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:193 +msgid "The following non-token constants are provided:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:197 +msgid "The number of token types defined in this module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:204 +msgid "" +"A dictionary mapping the string representation of a token to its numeric " +"code." +msgstr "将形符字符串表示形式映射到其数字代码的字典。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:209 +msgid "Added :data:`!AWAIT` and :data:`!ASYNC` tokens." +msgstr "增加了 :data:`!AWAIT` 和 :data:`!ASYNC` 形符。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:212 +msgid "Added :data:`COMMENT`, :data:`NL` and :data:`ENCODING` tokens." +msgstr "形符 :data:`COMMENT`、 :data:`NL` 和 :data:`ENCODING` 形符。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Removed :data:`!AWAIT` and :data:`!ASYNC` tokens. \"async\" and \"await\" " +"are now tokenized as :data:`NAME` tokens." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :data:`!AWAIT` 和 :data:`!ASYNC` 形符。 \"async\" 和 \"await\" 被形符化为 " +":data:`NAME` 形符。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Added :data:`TYPE_COMMENT`, :data:`TYPE_IGNORE`, :data:`COLONEQUAL`. Added " +":data:`!AWAIT` and :data:`!ASYNC` tokens back (they're needed to support " +"parsing older Python versions for :func:`ast.parse` with ``feature_version``" +" set to 6 or lower)." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :data:`TYPE_COMMENT`, :data:`TYPE_IGNORE`, :data:`COLONEQUAL`。 重新增加了 " +":data:`!AWAIT` 和 :data:`!ASYNC` 形符（需要用它们来支持解析 :func:`ast.parse` 的 " +"``feature_version`` 设为 6 或更低的较旧 Python 版本）。" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:225 +msgid "Added :data:`EXCLAMATION`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../library/token.rst:228 +msgid "Removed :data:`!AWAIT` and :data:`!ASYNC` tokens again." +msgstr "重新移除了 :data:`!AWAIT` 和 :data:`!ASYNC` 形符。" diff --git a/library/tokenize.po b/library/tokenize.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd5e194aa --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tokenize.po @@ -0,0 +1,546 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# 七七 刘 , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-24 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tokenize` --- Tokenizer for Python source" +msgstr ":mod:`!tokenize` --- Python 源代码的分词器" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tokenize.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/tokenize.py`" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tokenize` module provides a lexical scanner for Python source " +"code, implemented in Python. The scanner in this module returns comments as" +" tokens as well, making it useful for implementing \"pretty-printers\", " +"including colorizers for on-screen displays." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tokenize` 模块为 Python 源代码提供了一个词法扫描器，用 Python " +"实现。该模块中的扫描器也将注释作为标记返回，这使得它对于实现“漂亮的输出器”非常有用，包括用于屏幕显示的着色器。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:19 +msgid "" +"To simplify token stream handling, all :ref:`operator ` and " +":ref:`delimiter ` tokens and :data:`Ellipsis` are returned using" +" the generic :data:`~token.OP` token type. The exact type can be determined" +" by checking the ``exact_type`` property on the :term:`named tuple` returned" +" from :func:`tokenize.tokenize`." +msgstr "" +"为了简化标记流的处理，所有的 :ref:`运算符 ` 和 :ref:`定界符 ` 以及 " +":data:`Ellipsis` 返回时都会打上通用的 :data:`~token.OP` 标记。 可以通过 " +":func:`tokenize.tokenize` 返回的 :term:`named tuple` 对象的 ``exact_type`` " +"属性来获得确切的标记类型。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Note that the functions in this module are only designed to parse " +"syntactically valid Python code (code that does not raise when parsed using " +":func:`ast.parse`). The behavior of the functions in this module is " +"**undefined** when providing invalid Python code and it can change at any " +"point." +msgstr "" +"请注意本模块中的函数被设计为仅能解析符合语法的 Python 代码（当使用 :func:`ast.parse` 解析代码时不会引发异常）。 在提供无效的" +" Python 代码时本模块中函数的行为是 **未定义** 的并可能在任何时候发生改变。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:35 +msgid "Tokenizing Input" +msgstr "对输入进行解析标记" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:37 +msgid "The primary entry point is a :term:`generator`:" +msgstr "主要的入口是一个 :term:`generator`:" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:41 +msgid "" +"The :func:`.tokenize` generator requires one argument, *readline*, which " +"must be a callable object which provides the same interface as the " +":meth:`io.IOBase.readline` method of file objects. Each call to the " +"function should return one line of input as bytes." +msgstr "" +"生成器 :func:`.tokenize` 需要一个 *readline* 参数，这个参数必须是一个可调用对象，且能提供与文件对象的 " +":meth:`io.IOBase.readline` 方法相同的接口。每次调用这个函数都要 返回字节类型输入的一行数据。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The generator produces 5-tuples with these members: the token type; the " +"token string; a 2-tuple ``(srow, scol)`` of ints specifying the row and " +"column where the token begins in the source; a 2-tuple ``(erow, ecol)`` of " +"ints specifying the row and column where the token ends in the source; and " +"the line on which the token was found. The line passed (the last tuple item)" +" is the *physical* line. The 5 tuple is returned as a :term:`named tuple` " +"with the field names: ``type string start end line``." +msgstr "" +"生成器产生 5 个具有这些成员的元组：令牌类型；令牌字符串；指定令牌在源中开始的行和列的 2 元组 ``(srow, scol)`` " +"；指定令牌在源中结束的行和列的 2 元组 ``(erow, ecol)`` ；以及发现令牌的行。所传递的行（最后一个元组项）是 *实际的* 行。 5 " +"个元组以 :term:`named tuple` 的形式返回，字段名是： ``type string start end line`` 。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The returned :term:`named tuple` has an additional property named " +"``exact_type`` that contains the exact operator type for :data:`~token.OP` " +"tokens. For all other token types ``exact_type`` equals the named tuple " +"``type`` field." +msgstr "" +"返回的 :term:`named tuple` 有一个额外的属性，名为 ``exact_type`` ，包含了 :data:`~token.OP` " +"标记的确切操作符类型。 对于所有其他标记类型， ``exact_type`` 等于命名元组的 ``type`` 字段。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:60 +msgid "Added support for named tuples." +msgstr "增加了对 named tuple 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:63 +msgid "Added support for ``exact_type``." +msgstr "添加了对 ``exact_type`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:66 +msgid "" +":func:`.tokenize` determines the source encoding of the file by looking for " +"a UTF-8 BOM or encoding cookie, according to :pep:`263`." +msgstr "根据 :pep:`263` ，:func:`.tokenize` 通过寻找 UTF-8 BOM 或编码 cookie 来确定文件的源编码。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:71 +msgid "Tokenize a source reading unicode strings instead of bytes." +msgstr "对读取 unicode 字符串而不是字节的源进行标记。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`.tokenize`, the *readline* argument is a callable returning a " +"single line of input. However, :func:`generate_tokens` expects *readline* to" +" return a str object rather than bytes." +msgstr "" +"和 :func:`.tokenize` 一样， *readline* 参数是一个返回单行输入的可调用参数。然而， " +":func:`generate_tokens` 希望 *readline* 返回一个 str 对象而不是字节。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The result is an iterator yielding named tuples, exactly like " +":func:`.tokenize`. It does not yield an :data:`~token.ENCODING` token." +msgstr "" +"其结果是一个产生具名元组的的迭代器，与 :func:`.tokenize` 完全一样。 它不会产生 :data:`~token.ENCODING` " +"标记。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:80 +msgid "" +"All constants from the :mod:`token` module are also exported from " +":mod:`tokenize`." +msgstr "所有来自 :mod:`token` 模块的常量也可从 :mod:`tokenize` 导出。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Another function is provided to reverse the tokenization process. This is " +"useful for creating tools that tokenize a script, modify the token stream, " +"and write back the modified script." +msgstr "提供了另一个函数来逆转标记化过程。这对于创建对脚本进行标记、修改标记流并写回修改后脚本的工具很有用。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Converts tokens back into Python source code. The *iterable* must return " +"sequences with at least two elements, the token type and the token string. " +"Any additional sequence elements are ignored." +msgstr "" +"将令牌转换为 Python 源代码。 *iterable* 必须返回至少有两个元素的序列，即令牌类型和令牌字符串。任何额外的序列元素都会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:94 +msgid "" +"The result is guaranteed to tokenize back to match the input so that the " +"conversion is lossless and round-trips are assured. The guarantee applies " +"only to the token type and token string as the spacing between tokens " +"(column positions) may change." +msgstr "" +"结果将保证会被词元化为与输入相匹配因此转换是无损的并且确保可以来回反复。 此项保证只适用于词元类型和词元字符串因为词元之间的空位（列位置）可能发生改变。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:99 +msgid "" +"It returns bytes, encoded using the :data:`~token.ENCODING` token, which is " +"the first token sequence output by :func:`.tokenize`. If there is no " +"encoding token in the input, it returns a str instead." +msgstr "" +"它返回字节，使用 :data:`~token.ENCODING` 标记进行编码，这是由 :func:`.tokenize` " +"输出的第一个标记序列。如果输入中没有编码令牌，它将返回一个字符串。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:104 +msgid "" +":func:`.tokenize` needs to detect the encoding of source files it tokenizes." +" The function it uses to do this is available:" +msgstr ":func:`.tokenize` 需要检测它所标记源文件的编码。它用来做这件事的函数是可用的：" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The :func:`detect_encoding` function is used to detect the encoding that " +"should be used to decode a Python source file. It requires one argument, " +"readline, in the same way as the :func:`.tokenize` generator." +msgstr "" +":func:`detect_encoding` 函数用于检测解码 Python 源文件时应使用的编码。它需要一个参数， readline ，与 " +":func:`.tokenize` 生成器的使用方式相同。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:113 +msgid "" +"It will call readline a maximum of twice, and return the encoding used (as a" +" string) and a list of any lines (not decoded from bytes) it has read in." +msgstr "它最多调用 readline 两次，并返回所使用的编码（作为一个字符串）和它所读入的任何行（不是从字节解码的）的 list 。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:117 +msgid "" +"It detects the encoding from the presence of a UTF-8 BOM or an encoding " +"cookie as specified in :pep:`263`. If both a BOM and a cookie are present, " +"but disagree, a :exc:`SyntaxError` will be raised. Note that if the BOM is " +"found, ``'utf-8-sig'`` will be returned as an encoding." +msgstr "" +"它从 UTF-8 BOM 或编码 cookie 的存在中检测编码格式，如 :pep:`263` 所指明的。 如果 BOM 和 cookie " +"都存在，但不一致，将会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 请注意，如果找到 BOM ，将返回 ``'utf-8-sig'`` 作为编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:122 +msgid "" +"If no encoding is specified, then the default of ``'utf-8'`` will be " +"returned." +msgstr "如果没有指定编码，那么将返回默认的 ``'utf-8'`` 编码." + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`.open` to open Python source files: it uses " +":func:`detect_encoding` to detect the file encoding." +msgstr "使用 :func:`.open` 来打开 Python 源文件：它使用 :func:`detect_encoding` 来检测文件编码。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Open a file in read only mode using the encoding detected by " +":func:`detect_encoding`." +msgstr "使用由 :func:`detect_encoding` 检测到的编码，以只读模式打开一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Raised when either a docstring or expression that may be split over several " +"lines is not completed anywhere in the file, for example::" +msgstr "当文件中任何地方没有完成 docstring 或可能被分割成几行的表达式时触发，例如::" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:141 +msgid "" +"\"\"\"Beginning of\n" +"docstring" +msgstr "" +"\"\"\"Beginning of\n" +"docstring" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:144 +msgid "or::" +msgstr "或者::" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:146 +msgid "" +"[1,\n" +" 2,\n" +" 3" +msgstr "" +"[1,\n" +" 2,\n" +" 3" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:153 +msgid "Command-Line Usage" +msgstr "命令行用法" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:157 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tokenize` module can be executed as a script from the command " +"line. It is as simple as:" +msgstr ":mod:`tokenize` 模块可以作为一个脚本从命令行执行。这很简单:" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:160 +msgid "python -m tokenize [-e] [filename.py]" +msgstr "python -m tokenize [-e] [filename.py]" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:164 +msgid "The following options are accepted:" +msgstr "可以接受以下选项：" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:170 +msgid "show this help message and exit" +msgstr "显示此帮助信息并退出" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:174 +msgid "display token names using the exact type" +msgstr "使用确切的类型显示令牌名称" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:176 +msgid "" +"If :file:`filename.py` is specified its contents are tokenized to stdout. " +"Otherwise, tokenization is performed on stdin." +msgstr "如果 :file:`filename.py` 被指定，其内容会被标记到 stdout 。否则，标记化将在 stdin 上执行。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:180 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Example of a script rewriter that transforms float literals into Decimal " +"objects::" +msgstr "脚本改写器的例子，它将 float 文本转换为 Decimal 对象::" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:185 +msgid "" +"from tokenize import tokenize, untokenize, NUMBER, STRING, NAME, OP\n" +"from io import BytesIO\n" +"\n" +"def decistmt(s):\n" +" \"\"\"Substitute Decimals for floats in a string of statements.\n" +"\n" +" >>> from decimal import Decimal\n" +" >>> s = 'print(+21.3e-5*-.1234/81.7)'\n" +" >>> decistmt(s)\n" +" \"print (+Decimal ('21.3e-5')*-Decimal ('.1234')/Decimal ('81.7'))\"\n" +"\n" +" The format of the exponent is inherited from the platform C library.\n" +" Known cases are \"e-007\" (Windows) and \"e-07\" (not Windows). Since\n" +" we're only showing 12 digits, and the 13th isn't close to 5, the\n" +" rest of the output should be platform-independent.\n" +"\n" +" >>> exec(s) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +" -3.21716034272e-0...7\n" +"\n" +" Output from calculations with Decimal should be identical across all\n" +" platforms.\n" +"\n" +" >>> exec(decistmt(s))\n" +" -3.217160342717258261933904529E-7\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" result = []\n" +" g = tokenize(BytesIO(s.encode('utf-8')).readline) # tokenize the string\n" +" for toknum, tokval, _, _, _ in g:\n" +" if toknum == NUMBER and '.' in tokval: # replace NUMBER tokens\n" +" result.extend([\n" +" (NAME, 'Decimal'),\n" +" (OP, '('),\n" +" (STRING, repr(tokval)),\n" +" (OP, ')')\n" +" ])\n" +" else:\n" +" result.append((toknum, tokval))\n" +" return untokenize(result).decode('utf-8')" +msgstr "" +"from tokenize import tokenize, untokenize, NUMBER, STRING, NAME, OP\n" +"from io import BytesIO\n" +"\n" +"def decistmt(s):\n" +" \"\"\"在一个语句字符串中用 Decimal 替代浮点数。\n" +"\n" +" >>> from decimal import Decimal\n" +" >>> s = 'print(+21.3e-5*-.1234/81.7)'\n" +" >>> decistmt(s)\n" +" \"print (+Decimal ('21.3e-5')*-Decimal ('.1234')/Decimal ('81.7'))\"\n" +"\n" +" 指数的格式继承自平台的 C 库。\n" +" 已知用例有 \"e-007\" (Windows) 和 \"e-07\" (非 Windows)。 \n" +" 由于我们只显示 12 个数位，且第 13 位的值不到 5，因此\n" +" 输出的其余部分应当是依赖于具体平台的。\n" +"\n" +" >>> exec(s) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS\n" +" -3.21716034272e-0...7\n" +"\n" +" 使用 Decimal 进行计算的输出应当在所有平台上保持一致。\n" +"\n" +" >>> exec(decistmt(s))\n" +" -3.217160342717258261933904529E-7\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" result = []\n" +" g = tokenize(BytesIO(s.encode('utf-8')).readline) # tokenize the string\n" +" for toknum, tokval, _, _, _ in g:\n" +" if toknum == NUMBER and '.' in tokval: # 替换 NUMBER 形符\n" +" result.extend([\n" +" (NAME, 'Decimal'),\n" +" (OP, '('),\n" +" (STRING, repr(tokval)),\n" +" (OP, ')')\n" +" ])\n" +" else:\n" +" result.append((toknum, tokval))\n" +" return untokenize(result).decode('utf-8')" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:224 +msgid "Example of tokenizing from the command line. The script::" +msgstr "从命令行进行标记化的例子。 脚本::" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:226 +msgid "" +"def say_hello():\n" +" print(\"Hello, World!\")\n" +"\n" +"say_hello()" +msgstr "" +"def say_hello():\n" +" print(\"Hello, World!\")\n" +"\n" +"say_hello()" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:231 +msgid "" +"will be tokenized to the following output where the first column is the " +"range of the line/column coordinates where the token is found, the second " +"column is the name of the token, and the final column is the value of the " +"token (if any)" +msgstr "将被标记为以下输出，其中第一列是发现标记的行 / 列坐标范围，第二列是标记的名称，最后一列是标记的值（如果有）。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:235 +msgid "" +"$ python -m tokenize hello.py\n" +"0,0-0,0: ENCODING 'utf-8'\n" +"1,0-1,3: NAME 'def'\n" +"1,4-1,13: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"1,13-1,14: OP '('\n" +"1,14-1,15: OP ')'\n" +"1,15-1,16: OP ':'\n" +"1,16-1,17: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"2,0-2,4: INDENT ' '\n" +"2,4-2,9: NAME 'print'\n" +"2,9-2,10: OP '('\n" +"2,10-2,25: STRING '\"Hello, World!\"'\n" +"2,25-2,26: OP ')'\n" +"2,26-2,27: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"3,0-3,1: NL '\\n'\n" +"4,0-4,0: DEDENT ''\n" +"4,0-4,9: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"4,9-4,10: OP '('\n" +"4,10-4,11: OP ')'\n" +"4,11-4,12: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"5,0-5,0: ENDMARKER ''" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m tokenize hello.py\n" +"0,0-0,0: ENCODING 'utf-8'\n" +"1,0-1,3: NAME 'def'\n" +"1,4-1,13: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"1,13-1,14: OP '('\n" +"1,14-1,15: OP ')'\n" +"1,15-1,16: OP ':'\n" +"1,16-1,17: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"2,0-2,4: INDENT ' '\n" +"2,4-2,9: NAME 'print'\n" +"2,9-2,10: OP '('\n" +"2,10-2,25: STRING '\"Hello, World!\"'\n" +"2,25-2,26: OP ')'\n" +"2,26-2,27: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"3,0-3,1: NL '\\n'\n" +"4,0-4,0: DEDENT ''\n" +"4,0-4,9: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"4,9-4,10: OP '('\n" +"4,10-4,11: OP ')'\n" +"4,11-4,12: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"5,0-5,0: ENDMARKER ''" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The exact token type names can be displayed using the :option:`-e` option:" +msgstr "可以使用 :option:`-e` 选项来显示确切的标记类型名称。" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:261 +msgid "" +"$ python -m tokenize -e hello.py\n" +"0,0-0,0: ENCODING 'utf-8'\n" +"1,0-1,3: NAME 'def'\n" +"1,4-1,13: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"1,13-1,14: LPAR '('\n" +"1,14-1,15: RPAR ')'\n" +"1,15-1,16: COLON ':'\n" +"1,16-1,17: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"2,0-2,4: INDENT ' '\n" +"2,4-2,9: NAME 'print'\n" +"2,9-2,10: LPAR '('\n" +"2,10-2,25: STRING '\"Hello, World!\"'\n" +"2,25-2,26: RPAR ')'\n" +"2,26-2,27: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"3,0-3,1: NL '\\n'\n" +"4,0-4,0: DEDENT ''\n" +"4,0-4,9: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"4,9-4,10: LPAR '('\n" +"4,10-4,11: RPAR ')'\n" +"4,11-4,12: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"5,0-5,0: ENDMARKER ''" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m tokenize -e hello.py\n" +"0,0-0,0: ENCODING 'utf-8'\n" +"1,0-1,3: NAME 'def'\n" +"1,4-1,13: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"1,13-1,14: LPAR '('\n" +"1,14-1,15: RPAR ')'\n" +"1,15-1,16: COLON ':'\n" +"1,16-1,17: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"2,0-2,4: INDENT ' '\n" +"2,4-2,9: NAME 'print'\n" +"2,9-2,10: LPAR '('\n" +"2,10-2,25: STRING '\"Hello, World!\"'\n" +"2,25-2,26: RPAR ')'\n" +"2,26-2,27: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"3,0-3,1: NL '\\n'\n" +"4,0-4,0: DEDENT ''\n" +"4,0-4,9: NAME 'say_hello'\n" +"4,9-4,10: LPAR '('\n" +"4,10-4,11: RPAR ')'\n" +"4,11-4,12: NEWLINE '\\n'\n" +"5,0-5,0: ENDMARKER ''" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Example of tokenizing a file programmatically, reading unicode strings " +"instead of bytes with :func:`generate_tokens`::" +msgstr "以编程方式对文件进行标记的例子，用 :func:`generate_tokens` 读取 unicode 字符串而不是字节::" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:288 +msgid "" +"import tokenize\n" +"\n" +"with tokenize.open('hello.py') as f:\n" +" tokens = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline)\n" +" for token in tokens:\n" +" print(token)" +msgstr "" +"import tokenize\n" +"\n" +"with tokenize.open('hello.py') as f:\n" +" tokens = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline)\n" +" for token in tokens:\n" +" print(token)" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:295 +msgid "Or reading bytes directly with :func:`.tokenize`::" +msgstr "或者通过 :func:`.tokenize` 直接读取字节数据::" + +#: ../../library/tokenize.rst:297 +msgid "" +"import tokenize\n" +"\n" +"with open('hello.py', 'rb') as f:\n" +" tokens = tokenize.tokenize(f.readline)\n" +" for token in tokens:\n" +" print(token)" +msgstr "" +"import tokenize\n" +"\n" +"with open('hello.py', 'rb') as f:\n" +" tokens = tokenize.tokenize(f.readline)\n" +" for token in tokens:\n" +" print(token)" diff --git a/library/tomllib.po b/library/tomllib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00ca9b4c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tomllib.po @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2022 +# 叶浚安 , 2022 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# sgqy , 2022 +# Jiuh.star , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-05 19:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tomllib` --- Parse TOML files" +msgstr ":mod:`!tomllib` --- 解析 TOML 文件" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tomllib`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/tomllib`" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module provides an interface for parsing TOML 1.0.0 (Tom's Obvious " +"Minimal Language, `https://toml.io `_). This module " +"does not support writing TOML." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了一个解析 TOML 1.0.0 (Tom's Obvious Minimal Language, `https://toml.io " +"`_) 的接口。 该模块不支持写入 TOML。" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The :pypi:`Tomli-W package ` is a TOML writer that can be used in " +"conjunction with this module, providing a write API familiar to users of the" +" standard library :mod:`marshal` and :mod:`pickle` modules." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`Tomli-W 包 ` 是一个 TOML 写入器，它可以与此模块一起使用，提供了与标准库用户熟悉的 " +":mod:`marshal` 和 :mod:`pickle` 模块类似的写入 API。" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The :pypi:`TOML Kit package ` is a style-preserving TOML library " +"with both read and write capability. It is a recommended replacement for " +"this module for editing already existing TOML files." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`TOML Kit 包 ` 一个是兼具读取和写入功能的保留样式的 TOML 库。 它是用于编辑现有 TOML " +"文件的本模块的推荐替代品。" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:35 +msgid "This module defines the following functions:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Read a TOML file. The first argument should be a readable and binary file " +"object. Return a :class:`dict`. Convert TOML types to Python using this " +":ref:`conversion table `." +msgstr "" +"读取一个 TOML 文件。第一个参数应该是一个可读的二进制文件对象。返回 :class:`dict`。使用 :ref:`转换表` 将 TOML 类型转换为 Python。" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:43 +msgid "" +"*parse_float* will be called with the string of every TOML float to be " +"decoded. By default, this is equivalent to ``float(num_str)``. This can be " +"used to use another datatype or parser for TOML floats (e.g. " +":class:`decimal.Decimal`). The callable must not return a :class:`dict` or a" +" :class:`list`, else a :exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"对每个要解析的 TOML 浮点数字符串调用 *parse_float*。默认情况下，这相当于 ``float(num_str)``。这可以用于为 " +"TOML 浮点数使用另一种数据类型或解析器（例如：:class:`decimal.Decimal`）。可调用对象不能返回 :class:`dict` 或" +" :class:`list`，否则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:49 ../../library/tomllib.rst:58 +msgid "A :exc:`TOMLDecodeError` will be raised on an invalid TOML document." +msgstr "对无效的 TOML 文档将引发 :exc:`TOMLDecodeError`。" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Load TOML from a :class:`str` object. Return a :class:`dict`. Convert TOML " +"types to Python using this :ref:`conversion table `. The " +"*parse_float* argument has the same meaning as in :func:`load`." +msgstr "" +"从 :class:`str` 对象中加载 TOML。返回 :class:`dict`。使用 :ref:`转换表` 将" +" TOML 类型转换为 Python类型。参数 *parse_float* 与 :func:`load` 中的意义相同。" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:61 +msgid "The following exceptions are available:" +msgstr "有以下几种异常：" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:65 +msgid "Subclass of :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr ":exc:`ValueError` 的子类" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:69 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:71 +msgid "Parsing a TOML file::" +msgstr "解析 TOML 文件::" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:73 +msgid "" +"import tomllib\n" +"\n" +"with open(\"pyproject.toml\", \"rb\") as f:\n" +" data = tomllib.load(f)" +msgstr "" +"import tomllib\n" +"\n" +"with open(\"pyproject.toml\", \"rb\") as f:\n" +" data = tomllib.load(f)" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:78 +msgid "Parsing a TOML string::" +msgstr "解析 TOML 字符串::" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:80 +msgid "" +"import tomllib\n" +"\n" +"toml_str = \"\"\"\n" +"python-version = \"3.11.0\"\n" +"python-implementation = \"CPython\"\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"data = tomllib.loads(toml_str)" +msgstr "" +"import tomllib\n" +"\n" +"toml_str = \"\"\"\n" +"python-version = \"3.11.0\"\n" +"python-implementation = \"CPython\"\n" +"\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +"data = tomllib.loads(toml_str)" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:91 +msgid "Conversion Table" +msgstr "转换表" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:96 +msgid "TOML" +msgstr "TOML" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:96 +msgid "Python" +msgstr "Python" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:98 +msgid "TOML document" +msgstr "TOML 文档" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:98 ../../library/tomllib.rst:118 +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:120 +msgid "dict" +msgstr "dict" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:100 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:100 +msgid "str" +msgstr "str" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:102 +msgid "integer" +msgstr "integer" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:102 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:104 +msgid "float" +msgstr "float" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:104 +msgid "float (configurable with *parse_float*)" +msgstr "float（可用 *parse_float* 配置）" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:106 +msgid "boolean" +msgstr "boolean" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:106 +msgid "bool" +msgstr "bool" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:108 +msgid "offset date-time" +msgstr "offset date-time" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:108 +msgid "" +"datetime.datetime (``tzinfo`` attribute set to an instance of " +"``datetime.timezone``)" +msgstr "datetime.datetime（``tzinfo`` 属性设置为 ``datetime.timezone`` 的实例）" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:110 +msgid "local date-time" +msgstr "local date-time" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:110 +msgid "datetime.datetime (``tzinfo`` attribute set to ``None``)" +msgstr "datetime.datetime （``tzinfo`` 属性设置为 ``None``）" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:112 +msgid "local date" +msgstr "local date" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:112 +msgid "datetime.date" +msgstr "datetime.date" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:114 +msgid "local time" +msgstr "local time" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:114 +msgid "datetime.time" +msgstr "datetime.time" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:116 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:116 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:118 +msgid "table" +msgstr "table" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:120 +msgid "inline table" +msgstr "内联表" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:122 +msgid "array of tables" +msgstr "表数组" + +#: ../../library/tomllib.rst:122 +msgid "list of dicts" +msgstr "字典列表" diff --git a/library/trace.po b/library/trace.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ece772e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/trace.po @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# yujie pu <614457953@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!trace` --- Trace or track Python statement execution" +msgstr ":mod:`!trace` --- 跟踪或记录 Python 语句的执行" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/trace.py`" +msgstr "**源代码** ： :source:`Lib/trace.py`" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`trace` module allows you to trace program execution, generate " +"annotated statement coverage listings, print caller/callee relationships and" +" list functions executed during a program run. It can be used in another " +"program or from the command line." +msgstr "" +"模块 :mod:`trace` " +"模块用于跟踪程序的执行过程，可生成带注释的语句覆盖率列表，打印调用/被调用关系，列出程序运行期间执行过的函数。该模块可在其他程序或命令行中使用。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:18 +msgid "`Coverage.py `_" +msgstr "`Coverage.py `_" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:19 +msgid "" +"A popular third-party coverage tool that provides HTML output along with " +"advanced features such as branch coverage." +msgstr "流行的第三方代码覆盖工具，可输出 HTML ，并提供分支覆盖等高级功能。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:25 +msgid "Command-Line Usage" +msgstr "命令行用法" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:27 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`trace` module can be invoked from the command line. It can be as " +"simple as ::" +msgstr ":mod:`trace` 模块可由命令行调用。用法如此简单：" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:30 +msgid "python -m trace --count -C . somefile.py ..." +msgstr "python -m trace --count -C . somefile.py ..." + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:32 +msgid "" +"The above will execute :file:`somefile.py` and generate annotated listings " +"of all Python modules imported during the execution into the current " +"directory." +msgstr "上述命令将执行 :file:`somefile.py` ，并在当前目录生成执行期间所有已导入 Python 模块的带注解列表。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:39 +msgid "Display usage and exit." +msgstr "显示用法并退出。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:43 +msgid "Display the version of the module and exit." +msgstr "显示模块版本并退出。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:45 +msgid "Added ``--module`` option that allows to run an executable module." +msgstr "加入了 ``--module`` 选项，允许运行可执行模块。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:49 +msgid "Main options" +msgstr "主要的可选参数" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:51 +msgid "" +"At least one of the following options must be specified when invoking " +":mod:`trace`. The :option:`--listfuncs <-l>` option is mutually exclusive " +"with the :option:`--trace <-t>` and :option:`--count <-c>` options. When " +":option:`--listfuncs <-l>` is provided, neither :option:`--count <-c>` nor " +":option:`--trace <-t>` are accepted, and vice versa." +msgstr "" +"在调用 :mod:`trace` 时，至少须指定以下可选参数之一。 :option:`-listfuncs <-l>` 与 " +":option:`-trace <-t>` 、 :option:`-count <-c>` 相互排斥。如果给出 :option:`--listfuncs" +" <-l>`，就再不会接受 :option:`--count <-c>` 和 :option:`--trace <-t>` ，反之亦然。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Produce a set of annotated listing files upon program completion that shows " +"how many times each statement was executed. See also :option:`--coverdir " +"<-C>`, :option:`--file <-f>` and :option:`--no-report <-R>` below." +msgstr "" +"在程序完成时生成一组带有注解的报表文件，显示每个语句被执行的次数。 参见下面的 :option:`-coverdir <-C>` " +"、:option:`-file <-f>` 和 :option:`-no-report <-R>`。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:68 +msgid "Display lines as they are executed." +msgstr "执行时显示每一行。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:72 +msgid "Display the functions executed by running the program." +msgstr "显示程序运行时执行到的函数。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Produce an annotated list from an earlier program run that used the " +":option:`--count <-c>` and :option:`--file <-f>` option. This does not " +"execute any code." +msgstr "由之前用了 :option:`--count` 和 :option:`--file` 运行的程序产生一个带有注解的报表。 不会执行代码。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:82 +msgid "Display the calling relationships exposed by running the program." +msgstr "显示程序运行时暴露出来的调用关系。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:85 +msgid "Modifiers" +msgstr "修饰器" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Name of a file to accumulate counts over several tracing runs. Should be " +"used with the :option:`--count <-c>` option." +msgstr "用于累计多次跟踪运行计数的文件名。应与 :option:`--count <-c>` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Directory where the report files go. The coverage report for " +"``package.module`` is written to file " +":file:`{dir}/{package}/{module}.cover`." +msgstr "" +"报表文件的所在目录。``package.module`` 的覆盖率报表将被写入文件 " +":file:`{dir}/{package}/{module}.cover`。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:101 +msgid "" +"When generating annotated listings, mark lines which were not executed with " +"``>>>>>>``." +msgstr "生成带注解的报表时，用 ``>>>>>>`` 标记未执行的行。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:106 +msgid "" +"When using :option:`--count <-c>` or :option:`--report <-r>`, write a brief " +"summary to stdout for each file processed." +msgstr "" +"在用到 :option:`--count <-c>` 或 :option:`--report <-r>` 时，将每个文件的简短摘要输出到 stdout。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Do not generate annotated listings. This is useful if you intend to make " +"several runs with :option:`--count <-c>`, and then produce a single set of " +"annotated listings at the end." +msgstr "" +"不生成带注解的报表。如果打算用 :option:`--count <-c>` 执行多次运行，然后在最后产生一组带注解的报表，该选项就很有用。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Prefix each line with the time since the program started. Only used while " +"tracing." +msgstr "在每一行前面加上时间，自程序运行算起。只在跟踪时有用。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:121 +msgid "Filters" +msgstr "过滤器" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:123 +msgid "These options may be repeated multiple times." +msgstr "以下参数可重复多次。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Ignore each of the given module names and its submodules (if it is a " +"package). The argument can be a list of names separated by a comma." +msgstr "忽略给出的模块名及其子模块（若为包）。参数可为逗号分隔的名称列表。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Ignore all modules and packages in the named directory and subdirectories. " +"The argument can be a list of directories separated by :data:`os.pathsep`." +msgstr "忽略指定目录及其子目录下的所有模块和包。参数可为 :data:`os.pathsep` 分隔的目录列表。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:140 +msgid "Programmatic Interface" +msgstr "编程接口" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Create an object to trace execution of a single statement or expression. " +"All parameters are optional. *count* enables counting of line numbers. " +"*trace* enables line execution tracing. *countfuncs* enables listing of the" +" functions called during the run. *countcallers* enables call relationship " +"tracking. *ignoremods* is a list of modules or packages to ignore. " +"*ignoredirs* is a list of directories whose modules or packages should be " +"ignored. *infile* is the name of the file from which to read stored count " +"information. *outfile* is the name of the file in which to write updated " +"count information. *timing* enables a timestamp relative to when tracing " +"was started to be displayed." +msgstr "" +"创建一个对象来跟踪单个语句或表达式的执行。所有参数均为选填。 *count* 可对行号计数。 *trace* 启用单行执行跟踪。 " +"*countfuncs* 可列出运行过程中调用的函数。 *countcallers* 可跟踪调用关系。 *ignoremods* " +"是要忽略的模块或包的列表。*ignoredirs* 是要忽略的模块或包的目录列表。 *infile* 是个文件名，从该文件中读取存储的计数信息。 " +"*outfile* 是用来写入最新计数信息的文件名。 *timing* 可以显示相对于跟踪开始时间的时间戳。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Execute the command and gather statistics from the execution with the " +"current tracing parameters. *cmd* must be a string or code object, suitable" +" for passing into :func:`exec`." +msgstr "执行命令，并根据当前跟踪参数从执行过程中收集统计数据。 *cmd* 必须为字符串或 code 对象，可供传入 :func:`exec`。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:164 +msgid "" +"Execute the command and gather statistics from the execution with the " +"current tracing parameters, in the defined global and local environments. " +"If not defined, *globals* and *locals* default to empty dictionaries." +msgstr "" +"在定义的全局和局部环境中，执行命令并收集当前跟踪参数下的执行统计数据。若没有定义 *globals* 和 *locals* ，则默认为空字典。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:171 +msgid "" +"Call *func* with the given arguments under control of the :class:`Trace` " +"object with the current tracing parameters." +msgstr "在 :class:`Trace` 对象的控制下，用给定的参数调用 *func*，并采用当前的跟踪参数。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`CoverageResults` object that contains the cumulative " +"results of all previous calls to ``run``, ``runctx`` and ``runfunc`` for the" +" given :class:`Trace` instance. Does not reset the accumulated trace " +"results." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`CoverageResults` 对象，包含之前对指定 :class:`Trace` 实例调用 " +"``run``、``runctx`` 和 ``runfunc`` 的累积结果。 累积的跟踪结果不会重置。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:183 +msgid "" +"A container for coverage results, created by :meth:`Trace.results`. Should " +"not be created directly by the user." +msgstr "存放代码覆盖结果的容器，由 :meth:`Trace.results` 创建。用户不应直接去创建。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:188 +msgid "Merge in data from another :class:`CoverageResults` object." +msgstr "从另一个 :class:`CoverageResults` 对象中合并代码覆盖数据。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Write coverage results. Set *show_missing* to show lines that had no hits." +" Set *summary* to include in the output the coverage summary per module. " +"*coverdir* specifies the directory into which the coverage result files will" +" be output. If ``None``, the results for each source file are placed in its" +" directory." +msgstr "" +"写入代码覆盖结果。设置 *show_missing* 可显示未命中的行。设置*summary* 可在输出中包含每个模块的覆盖率摘要信息。 " +"*coverdir* 可指定覆盖率结果文件的输出目录，为 ``None`` 则结果将置于源文件所在目录中。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:199 +msgid "" +"If *ignore_missing_files* is ``True``, coverage counts for files that no " +"longer exist are silently ignored. Otherwise, a missing file will raise a " +":exc:`FileNotFoundError`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *ignore_missing_files* 为 ``True``，则对于已不存在文件的覆盖计数将被静默地忽略。 在其他情况下，文件不存在将引发 " +":exc:`FileNotFoundError`。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:203 +msgid "Added *ignore_missing_files* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *ignore_missing_files* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:206 +msgid "A simple example demonstrating the use of the programmatic interface::" +msgstr "以下例子简单演示了编程接口的用法：" + +#: ../../library/trace.rst:208 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"import trace\n" +"\n" +"# create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to\n" +"# do tracing or line-counting or both.\n" +"tracer = trace.Trace(\n" +" ignoredirs=[sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix],\n" +" trace=0,\n" +" count=1)\n" +"\n" +"# run the new command using the given tracer\n" +"tracer.run('main()')\n" +"\n" +"# make a report, placing output in the current directory\n" +"r = tracer.results()\n" +"r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir=\".\")" +msgstr "" +"import sys\n" +"import trace\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个 Trace 对象，告诉它要忽略什么，\n" +"# 及是否执行跟踪或行计数或者两者均执行。\n" +"tracer = trace.Trace(\n" +" ignoredirs=[sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix],\n" +" trace=0,\n" +" count=1)\n" +"\n" +"# 使用给定的 tracer 运行新命令\n" +"tracer.run('main()')\n" +"\n" +"# 生成报告，将输出放入当前目录\n" +"r = tracer.results()\n" +"r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir=\".\")" diff --git a/library/traceback.po b/library/traceback.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..578ca4046 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/traceback.po @@ -0,0 +1,1203 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# shenjack <3695888@qq.com>, 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2023 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!traceback` --- Print or retrieve a stack traceback" +msgstr ":mod:`!traceback` --- 打印或读取栈回溯信息" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/traceback.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/traceback.py`" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module provides a standard interface to extract, format and print stack" +" traces of Python programs. It is more flexible than the interpreter's " +"default traceback display, and therefore makes it possible to configure " +"certain aspects of the output. Finally, it contains a utility for capturing " +"enough information about an exception to print it later, without the need to" +" save a reference to the actual exception. Since exceptions can be the roots" +" of large objects graph, this utility can significantly improve memory " +"management." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供了提取、格式化和打印 Python 程序的栈回溯信息的标准接口。 它比解释器默认的回溯显示更灵活，因而使得配置输出的特定部分成为可能。 " +"最后，它还包含用于捕获有关异常的足够信息以供稍后打印的工具，而无需保存对实际异常的引用。 " +"由于异常可作为大型对象图的根对象，此工具能够显著地提升内存管理效率。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The module uses :ref:`traceback objects ` --- these are " +"objects of type :class:`types.TracebackType`, which are assigned to the " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` field of :class:`BaseException` " +"instances." +msgstr "" +"本模块使用 :ref:`回溯对象 ` --- 它们是类型为 " +":class:`types.TracebackType` 的对象，它们将被赋值给 :class:`BaseException` 实例的 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 字段。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:30 +msgid "Module :mod:`faulthandler`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`faulthandler`" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Used to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault, after a timeout, or " +"on a user signal." +msgstr "用于在发生错误、超时或用户信号时显式地转储 Python 回溯信息。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:33 +msgid "Module :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`pdb`" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:34 +msgid "Interactive source code debugger for Python programs." +msgstr "用于 Python 程序的交互式源代码调试器。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:36 +msgid "The module's API can be divided into two parts:" +msgstr "本模块的 API 可分为两部分：" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Module-level functions offering basic functionality, which are useful for " +"interactive inspection of exceptions and tracebacks." +msgstr "提供基本功能的模块级函数，对于异常和回溯的交互式检查来说很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:41 +msgid "" +":class:`TracebackException` class and its helper classes " +":class:`StackSummary` and :class:`FrameSummary`. These offer both more " +"flexibility in the output generated and the ability to store the information" +" necessary for later formatting without holding references to actual " +"exception and traceback objects." +msgstr "" +":class:`TracebackException` 类及其辅助类 :class:`StackSummary` 和 " +":class:`FrameSummary`。 这些类提供了生成输出的更大灵活性和存储稍后进行格式化所需信息的能力而无需持有对实际异常和回溯对象的引用。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:49 +msgid "Module-Level Functions" +msgstr "模块级函数" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Print up to *limit* stack trace entries from :ref:`traceback object " +"` *tb* (starting from the caller's frame) if *limit* is " +"positive. Otherwise, print the last ``abs(limit)`` entries. If *limit* is " +"omitted or ``None``, all entries are printed. If *file* is omitted or " +"``None``, the output goes to :data:`sys.stderr`; otherwise it should be an " +"open :term:`file ` or :term:`file-like object` to receive the " +"output." +msgstr "" +"如果 *limit* 为正值则打印来自 :ref:`回溯对象 ` *tb* 的至多 *limit* " +"个栈回溯条目（从调用方的帧开始）。 否则，打印最后 ``abs(limit)`` 个条目。 如果 *limit* 被省略或为 " +"``None``，则打印所有条目。 如果 *file* 被省略或为 ``None``，则会输出到 " +":data:`sys.stderr`；在其他情况下它应当是一个打开的 :term:`文件 ` 或 :term:`file-" +"like object` 用来接受输出。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:64 +msgid "" +"The meaning of the *limit* parameter is different than the meaning of " +":const:`sys.tracebacklimit`. A negative *limit* value corresponds to a " +"positive value of :const:`!sys.tracebacklimit`, whereas the behaviour of a " +"positive *limit* value cannot be achieved with :const:`!sys.tracebacklimit`." +msgstr "" +"*limit* 形参的含义不同于 :const:`sys.tracebacklimit` 的含义。 负的 *limit* 值对应于正的 " +":const:`!sys.tracebacklimit` 值，而正的 *limit* 值的行为无法用 " +":const:`!sys.tracebacklimit` 来达成。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:70 ../../library/traceback.rst:135 +msgid "Added negative *limit* support." +msgstr "添加了对负数值 *limit* 的支持" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:77 +msgid "" +"Print exception information and stack trace entries from :ref:`traceback " +"object ` *tb* to *file*. This differs from " +":func:`print_tb` in the following ways:" +msgstr "" +"将来自 :ref:`回溯对象 ` *tb* 的异常信息与栈跟踪条目打印到 *file*。 这与 " +":func:`print_tb` 相比有以下几方面的区别：" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:82 +msgid "" +"if *tb* is not ``None``, it prints a header ``Traceback (most recent call " +"last):``" +msgstr "如果 *tb* 不为 ``None``，它将打印头部 ``Traceback (most recent call last):``" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:85 +msgid "it prints the exception type and *value* after the stack trace" +msgstr "它将在栈回溯之后打印异常类型和 *value*" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:89 +msgid "" +"if *type(value)* is :exc:`SyntaxError` and *value* has the appropriate " +"format, it prints the line where the syntax error occurred with a caret " +"indicating the approximate position of the error." +msgstr "" +"如果 *type(value)* 为 :exc:`SyntaxError` 且 *value* " +"具有适当的格式，它会打印发生语法错误的行并用一个圆点来指明错误的大致位置。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.10, instead of passing *value* and *tb*, an exception object " +"can be passed as the first argument. If *value* and *tb* are provided, the " +"first argument is ignored in order to provide backwards compatibility." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.10 开始，可以不再传递 *value* 和 *tb*，而是传递一个异常对象作为第一个参数。 如果提供了 *value* 和 " +"*tb*，则第一个参数会被忽略以便提供向下兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:97 +msgid "" +"The optional *limit* argument has the same meaning as for :func:`print_tb`. " +"If *chain* is true (the default), then chained exceptions (the " +":attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` or :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` " +"attributes of the exception) will be printed as well, like the interpreter " +"itself does when printing an unhandled exception." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *limit* 参数的含义与 :func:`print_tb` 的相同。 如果 *chain* 为真值（默认），则链式异常（异常的 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` 或 :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` " +"属性）也将被打印出来，就像解释器本身在打印未处理的异常时一样。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:104 ../../library/traceback.rst:215 +msgid "The *etype* argument is ignored and inferred from the type of *value*." +msgstr "*etype* 参数会被忽略并根据 *value* 推断出来。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:107 ../../library/traceback.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The *etype* parameter has been renamed to *exc* and is now positional-only." +msgstr "*etype* 形参已被重命名为 *exc* 并且现在是仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:114 +msgid "" +"This is a shorthand for ``print_exception(sys.exception(), limit=limit, " +"file=file, chain=chain)``." +msgstr "" +"这是 ``print_exception(sys.exception(), limit=limit, file=file, chain=chain)``" +" 的快捷方式。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:120 +msgid "" +"This is a shorthand for ``print_exception(sys.last_exc, limit=limit, " +"file=file, chain=chain)``. In general it will work only after an exception " +"has reached an interactive prompt (see :data:`sys.last_exc`)." +msgstr "" +"这是 ``print_exception(sys.last_exc, limit=limit, file=file, chain=chain)`` " +"的快捷方式。 通常它将只在异常到达交互提示符之后才会起作用 (参见 :data:`sys.last_exc`)。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Print up to *limit* stack trace entries (starting from the invocation point)" +" if *limit* is positive. Otherwise, print the last ``abs(limit)`` entries." +" If *limit* is omitted or ``None``, all entries are printed. The optional " +"*f* argument can be used to specify an alternate :ref:`stack frame ` to start. The optional *file* argument has the same meaning as " +"for :func:`print_tb`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *limit* 为正数则打印至多 *limit* 个栈跟踪条目（从唤起点开始）。 在其他情况下，则打印最后 ``abs(limit)`` 个条目。" +" 如果 *limit* 被省略或为 ``None``，则会打印所有条目。 可选的 *f* 参数可被用来指定一个替代 :ref:`栈帧 ` 作为开始位置。 可选的 *file* 参数的含义与 :func:`print_tb` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`StackSummary` object representing a list of \"pre-" +"processed\" stack trace entries extracted from the :ref:`traceback object " +"` *tb*. It is useful for alternate formatting of stack " +"traces. The optional *limit* argument has the same meaning as for " +":func:`print_tb`. A \"pre-processed\" stack trace entry is a " +":class:`FrameSummary` object containing attributes " +":attr:`~FrameSummary.filename`, :attr:`~FrameSummary.lineno`, " +":attr:`~FrameSummary.name`, and :attr:`~FrameSummary.line` representing the " +"information that is usually printed for a stack trace." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`StackSummary` 对象来代表从 :ref:`回溯对象 ` *tb* " +"提取的“预处理”栈跟踪条目列表。 它可用作栈跟踪的另一种格式化形式。 可选的 *limit* 参数的含义与 :func:`print_tb` 的相同。 " +"“预处理”栈跟踪条目是一个 :class:`FrameSummary` 对象，其中包含代表通常针对栈跟踪打印的信息的 " +":attr:`~FrameSummary.filename`, :attr:`~FrameSummary.lineno`, " +":attr:`~FrameSummary.name` 和 :attr:`~FrameSummary.line` 等属性。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Extract the raw traceback from the current :ref:`stack frame `. The return value has the same format as for :func:`extract_tb`." +" The optional *f* and *limit* arguments have the same meaning as for " +":func:`print_stack`." +msgstr "" +"从当前的 :ref:`栈帧 ` 提取原始回溯。 返回值的格式与 :func:`extract_tb` 的相同。 可选的 " +"*f* 和 *limit* 参数的含义与 :func:`print_stack` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:162 +msgid "" +"Print the list of tuples as returned by :func:`extract_tb` or " +":func:`extract_stack` as a formatted stack trace to the given file. If " +"*file* is ``None``, the output is written to :data:`sys.stderr`." +msgstr "" +"将 :func:`extract_tb` 或 :func:`extract_stack` 返回的元组列表以带格式的栈回溯形式打印到给定的文件。 如果 " +"*file* 为 ``None``，则输出将被写到 :data:`sys.stderr`。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Given a list of tuples or :class:`FrameSummary` objects as returned by " +":func:`extract_tb` or :func:`extract_stack`, return a list of strings ready " +"for printing. Each string in the resulting list corresponds to the item " +"with the same index in the argument list. Each string ends in a newline; " +"the strings may contain internal newlines as well, for those items whose " +"source text line is not ``None``." +msgstr "" +"给定一个由元组或如 :func:`extract_tb` 或 :func:`extract_stack` 所返回的 " +":class:`FrameSummary` 对象组成的列表，返回一个可打印的字符串列表。 结果列表中的每个字符串都对应于参数列表中具有相同索引号的条目。" +" 每个字符串以一个换行符结束；对于那些源文本行不为 ``None`` 的条目，字符串也可能包含内部换行符。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Format the exception part of a traceback using an exception value such as " +"given by :data:`sys.last_value`. The return value is a list of strings, " +"each ending in a newline. The list contains the exception's message, which " +"is normally a single string; however, for :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions, it " +"contains several lines that (when printed) display detailed information " +"about where the syntax error occurred. Following the message, the list " +"contains the exception's :attr:`notes `." +msgstr "" +"使用 :data:`sys.last_value` 等给出的异常值来格式化回溯的异常部分。 返回值是一个字符串列表，其中每一项都以换行符结束。 " +"该列表包含异常消息，它通常是一个字符串；但是，对于 :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"异常，它将包含多行并且（当打印时）会显示语法错误发生位置的详细信息。 在异常消息之后，该列表还包含了异常的 :attr:`注释 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.10, instead of passing *value*, an exception object can be " +"passed as the first argument. If *value* is provided, the first argument is" +" ignored in order to provide backwards compatibility." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.10 开始，可以不传入 *value*，而是传入一个异常对象作为第一个参数。 如果提供了 " +"*value*，则第一个参数将被忽略以便提供向下兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:191 ../../library/traceback.rst:422 +msgid "" +"When *show_group* is ``True``, and the exception is an instance of " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`, the nested exceptions are included as well, " +"recursively, with indentation relative to their nesting depth." +msgstr "" +"当 *show_group* 为 ``True``，并且异常为 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` " +"的实例时，还会递归地包括嵌套的异常，并根据它们的嵌套深度添加缩进。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:199 +msgid "" +"The returned list now includes any :attr:`notes ` " +"attached to the exception." +msgstr "返回的列表现在将包括关联到异常的任何 :attr:`注释 `。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:203 +msgid "*show_group* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *show_group* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Format a stack trace and the exception information. The arguments have the" +" same meaning as the corresponding arguments to :func:`print_exception`. " +"The return value is a list of strings, each ending in a newline and some " +"containing internal newlines. When these lines are concatenated and " +"printed, exactly the same text is printed as does :func:`print_exception`." +msgstr "" +"格式化一个栈跟踪和异常信息。 参数的含义与传给 :func:`print_exception` 的相应参数相同。 " +"返回值是一个字符串列表，每个字符串都以一个换行符结束且有些还包含内部换行符。 当这些行被拼接并打印时，打印的文本与 " +":func:`print_exception` 的完全相同。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:218 +msgid "" +"This function's behavior and signature were modified to match " +":func:`print_exception`." +msgstr "此函数的行为和签名已被修改以与 :func:`print_exception` 相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:225 +msgid "" +"This is like ``print_exc(limit)`` but returns a string instead of printing " +"to a file." +msgstr "这类似于 ``print_exc(limit)`` 但会返回一个字符串而不是打印到一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:231 +msgid "A shorthand for ``format_list(extract_tb(tb, limit))``." +msgstr "是 ``format_list(extract_tb(tb, limit))`` 的简写形式。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:236 +msgid "A shorthand for ``format_list(extract_stack(f, limit))``." +msgstr "是 ``format_list(extract_stack(f, limit))`` 的简写形式。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Clears the local variables of all the stack frames in a :ref:`traceback " +"` *tb* by calling the :meth:`~frame.clear` method of each" +" :ref:`frame object `." +msgstr "" +"通过调用每个 :ref:`帧对象 ` 的 :meth:`~frame.clear` 方法来清除 :ref:`回溯 " +"` *tb* 中所有栈帧的局部变量。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Walk a stack following :attr:`f.f_back ` from the given frame," +" yielding the frame and line number for each frame. If *f* is ``None``, the " +"current stack is used. This helper is used with " +":meth:`StackSummary.extract`." +msgstr "" +"从给定的帧开始访问 :attr:`f.f_back ` 之后的栈内容，产生每一个帧和帧对应的行号。 如果 *f* 为 " +"``None``，则会使用当前栈。 这个辅助函数要与 :meth:`StackSummary.extract` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:258 +msgid "" +"Walk a traceback following :attr:`~traceback.tb_next` yielding the frame and" +" line number for each frame. This helper is used with " +":meth:`StackSummary.extract`." +msgstr "" +"访问 :attr:`~traceback.tb_next` 之后的回溯并产生每一个帧和帧对应的行号。 这个辅助函数要与 " +":meth:`StackSummary.extract` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:266 +msgid ":class:`!TracebackException` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`!TracebackException` 对象" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:270 +msgid "" +":class:`!TracebackException` objects are created from actual exceptions to " +"capture data for later printing. They offer a more lightweight method of " +"storing this information by avoiding holding references to " +":ref:`traceback` and :ref:`frame` objects." +" In addition, they expose more options to configure the output compared to " +"the module-level functions described above." +msgstr "" +":class:`!TracebackException` 对象基于实际异常创建以便捕获数据供稍后打印。 它们通过避免持有对 :ref:`回溯 " +"` 和 :ref:`帧 ` 对象的引用提供了存储此信息的更轻量方法。 " +"此外，相比上文所述的模块级函数它们还公开了更多选项用于配置输出。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Capture an exception for later rendering. The meaning of *limit*, " +"*lookup_lines* and *capture_locals* are as for the :class:`StackSummary` " +"class." +msgstr "" +"捕获异常以供稍后渲染。 *limit*, *lookup_lines* 和 *capture_locals* 的含义与 " +":class:`StackSummary` 类的相同。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:283 +msgid "" +"If *compact* is true, only data that is required by " +":class:`!TracebackException`'s :meth:`format` method is saved in the class " +"attributes. In particular, the :attr:`__context__` field is calculated only " +"if :attr:`__cause__` is ``None`` and :attr:`__suppress_context__` is false." +msgstr "" +"如果 *compact* 为真值，则只有 :class:`!TracebackException` 的 :meth:`format` " +"方法所需要的数据会被保存在类属性性。 特别地，:attr:`__context__` 字段只有在 :attr:`__cause__` 为 " +"``None`` 且 :attr:`__suppress_context__` 为假值时才会被计算。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:289 ../../library/traceback.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Note that when locals are captured, they are also shown in the traceback." +msgstr "请注意当局部变量被捕获时，它们也会被显示在回溯中。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:291 +msgid "" +"*max_group_width* and *max_group_depth* control the formatting of exception " +"groups (see :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`). The depth refers to the nesting " +"level of the group, and the width refers to the size of a single exception " +"group's exceptions array. The formatted output is truncated when either " +"limit is exceeded." +msgstr "" +"*max_group_width* 和 *max_group_depth* 控制异常组的格式化 (参见 " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`)。 depth 是指分组的嵌套层级，而 width 是指一个异常组的异常数组的大小。 " +"格式化的输出在达到某个限制时将被截断。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:297 +msgid "Added the *compact* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *compact* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:300 +msgid "Added the *max_group_width* and *max_group_depth* parameters." +msgstr "添加了 *max_group_width* 和 *max_group_depth* 形参。parameters." + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:305 +msgid "" +"A :class:`!TracebackException` of the original " +":attr:`~BaseException.__cause__`." +msgstr "原始 :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` 的 :class:`!TracebackException`。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:310 +msgid "" +"A :class:`!TracebackException` of the original " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__`." +msgstr "原始 :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` 的 :class:`!TracebackException`。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:315 +msgid "" +"If ``self`` represents an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`, this field holds a list of " +":class:`!TracebackException` instances representing the nested exceptions. " +"Otherwise it is ``None``." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``self`` 代表一个 :exc:`ExceptionGroup`，此字段将保存一个由代表被嵌套异常的 " +":class:`!TracebackException` 实例组成的列表。 否则它将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:323 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~BaseException.__suppress_context__` value from the original " +"exception." +msgstr "来自原始异常的 :attr:`~BaseException.__suppress_context__` 值。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:328 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~BaseException.__notes__` value from the original exception, or " +"``None`` if the exception does not have any notes. If it is not ``None`` is " +"it formatted in the traceback after the exception string." +msgstr "" +"来自原始异常的 :attr:`~BaseException.__notes__` 值，或者如果异常没有任何注释则为 ``None``。 如果它不为 " +"``None`` 则会在异常字符串之后的回溯中进行格式化。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:337 +msgid "A :class:`StackSummary` representing the traceback." +msgstr "代表回溯的 :class:`StackSummary`。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:341 +msgid "The class of the original traceback." +msgstr "原始回溯的类。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:347 +msgid "String display of the class of the original exception." +msgstr "原始异常类的字符串显示。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:353 +msgid "For syntax errors - the file name where the error occurred." +msgstr "针对语法错误 —— 错误发生所在的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:357 +msgid "For syntax errors - the line number where the error occurred." +msgstr "针对语法错误 —— 错误发生所在的行号。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:361 +msgid "" +"For syntax errors - the end line number where the error occurred. Can be " +"``None`` if not present." +msgstr "针对语法错误 —— 错误发生所在的末尾行号。 如不存在则可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:368 +msgid "For syntax errors - the text where the error occurred." +msgstr "针对语法错误 —— 错误发生所在的文本。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:372 +msgid "For syntax errors - the offset into the text where the error occurred." +msgstr "针对语法错误 —— 错误发生所在的文本内部的偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:376 +msgid "" +"For syntax errors - the end offset into the text where the error occurred. " +"Can be ``None`` if not present." +msgstr "针对语法错误 —— 错误发生所在的文本末尾偏移量。 如不存在则可以为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:383 +msgid "For syntax errors - the compiler error message." +msgstr "针对语法错误 —— 编译器错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Capture an exception for later rendering. *limit*, *lookup_lines* and " +"*capture_locals* are as for the :class:`StackSummary` class." +msgstr "" +"捕获一个异常以便随后渲染。 *limit*, *lookup_lines* 和 *capture_locals* 的含义与 " +":class:`StackSummary` 类的相同。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Print to *file* (default ``sys.stderr``) the exception information returned " +"by :meth:`format`." +msgstr "将 :meth:`format` 所返回的异常信息打印至 *file* (默认为 ``sys.stderr``)。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:401 +msgid "Format the exception." +msgstr "格式化异常。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:403 +msgid "" +"If *chain* is not ``True``, :attr:`__cause__` and :attr:`__context__` will " +"not be formatted." +msgstr "" +"如果 *chain* 不为 ``True``，则 :attr:`__cause__` 和 :attr:`__context__` 将不会被格式化。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:406 +msgid "" +"The return value is a generator of strings, each ending in a newline and " +"some containing internal newlines. :func:`~traceback.print_exception` is a " +"wrapper around this method which just prints the lines to a file." +msgstr "" +"返回值是一个字符串的生成器，其中每个字符串都以换行符结束并且有些还会包含内部换行符。 " +":func:`~traceback.print_exception` 是此方法的一个包装器，它只是将这些行打印到一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:412 +msgid "Format the exception part of the traceback." +msgstr "格式化回溯的异常部分。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:414 +msgid "The return value is a generator of strings, each ending in a newline." +msgstr "返回值是一个字符串的生成器，每个字符串都以一个换行符结束。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:416 +msgid "" +"When *show_group* is ``False``, the generator emits the exception's message " +"followed by its notes (if it has any). The exception message is normally a " +"single string; however, for :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions, it consists of " +"several lines that (when printed) display detailed information about where " +"the syntax error occurred." +msgstr "" +"当 *show_group* 为 ``False`` 时，生成器会发出异常消息并附带其注释（如果有的话）。 异常消息通常是一个字符串；但是，对于 " +":exc:`SyntaxError` 异常，它将由多行组成并且（当打印时）会显示语法错误发生位置的详细信息。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:426 +msgid "" +"The exception's :attr:`notes ` are now included in " +"the output." +msgstr "异常的 :attr:`注释 ` 现在将被包括在输出中。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:430 +msgid "Added the *show_group* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *show_group* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:435 +msgid ":class:`!StackSummary` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`!StackSummary` 对象" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:439 +msgid "" +":class:`!StackSummary` objects represent a call stack ready for formatting." +msgstr ":class:`!StackSummary` 对象代表一个可被格式化的调用栈。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:445 +msgid "" +"Construct a :class:`!StackSummary` object from a frame generator (such as is" +" returned by :func:`~traceback.walk_stack` or :func:`~traceback.walk_tb`)." +msgstr "" +"根据一个帧生成器（例如由 :func:`~traceback.walk_stack` 或 :func:`~traceback.walk_tb` " +"所返回的对象）构造 :class:`!StackSummary` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:449 +msgid "" +"If *limit* is supplied, only this many frames are taken from *frame_gen*. If" +" *lookup_lines* is ``False``, the returned :class:`FrameSummary` objects " +"will not have read their lines in yet, making the cost of creating the " +":class:`!StackSummary` cheaper (which may be valuable if it may not actually" +" get formatted). If *capture_locals* is ``True`` the local variables in each" +" :class:`!FrameSummary` are captured as object representations." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了 *limit*，则只从 *frame_gen* 提取该参数所指定数量的帧。 如果 *lookup_lines* 为 " +"``False``，则返回的 :class:`FrameSummary` 对象将不会读入它们的行，这使得创建 " +":class:`!StackSummary` 的开销更低（如果它不会被实际格式化这就很有价值）。 如果 *capture_locals* 为 " +"``True`` 则每个 :class:`!FrameSummary` 中的局部变量会被捕获为对象表示形式。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:457 +msgid "" +"Exceptions raised from :func:`repr` on a local variable (when " +"*capture_locals* is ``True``) are no longer propagated to the caller." +msgstr "" +"在局部变量的 :func:`repr` 上被引发的异常（当 *capture_locals* 为 ``True`` 时）不会再被传播给调用方。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Construct a :class:`!StackSummary` object from a supplied list of " +":class:`FrameSummary` objects or old-style list of tuples. Each tuple " +"should be a 4-tuple with *filename*, *lineno*, *name*, *line* as the " +"elements." +msgstr "" +"从所提供的 :class:`FrameSummary` 对象列表或旧式的元组列表构造一个 :class:`!StackSummary` 对象。 " +"每个元组都应当是以 *文件名*, *行号*, *名称*, *行* 为元素的 4 元组。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Returns a list of strings ready for printing. Each string in the resulting " +"list corresponds to a single :ref:`frame ` from the stack. " +"Each string ends in a newline; the strings may contain internal newlines as " +"well, for those items with source text lines." +msgstr "" +"返回一个可打印的字符串列表。 结果列表中的每个字符串各自对应来自栈的单独的 :ref:`帧 `。 " +"每个字符串都以一个换行符结束；对于带有源文本行的条目来说，字符串还可能包含内部换行符。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:476 +msgid "" +"For long sequences of the same frame and line, the first few repetitions are" +" shown, followed by a summary line stating the exact number of further " +"repetitions." +msgstr "对于同一帧与行的长序列，将显示前几个重复项，后面跟一个指明之后的实际重复次数的摘要行。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:480 +msgid "Long sequences of repeated frames are now abbreviated." +msgstr "重复帧的长序列现在将被缩减。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:485 +msgid "" +"Returns a string for printing one of the :ref:`frames ` " +"involved in the stack. This method is called for each :class:`FrameSummary` " +"object to be printed by :meth:`StackSummary.format`. If it returns ``None``," +" the frame is omitted from the output." +msgstr "" +"返回用于打印栈中涉及的某一个 :ref:`帧 ` 的字符串。 此方法会为每个要用 " +":meth:`StackSummary.format` 来打印的 :class:`FrameSummary` 对象进行调用。 如果它返回 " +"``None``，该帧将从输出中被省略。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:495 +msgid ":class:`!FrameSummary` Objects" +msgstr ":class:`!FrameSummary` 对象" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:499 +msgid "" +"A :class:`!FrameSummary` object represents a single :ref:`frame ` in a :ref:`traceback `." +msgstr "" +":class:`!FrameSummary` 对象表示 :ref:`回溯 ` 中的某一个 :ref:`帧 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Represents a single :ref:`frame ` in the :ref:`traceback " +"` or stack that is being formatted or printed. It may " +"optionally have a stringified version of the frame's locals included in it. " +"If *lookup_line* is ``False``, the source code is not looked up until the " +":class:`!FrameSummary` has the :attr:`~FrameSummary.line` attribute accessed" +" (which also happens when casting it to a :class:`tuple`). " +":attr:`~FrameSummary.line` may be directly provided, and will prevent line " +"lookups happening at all. *locals* is an optional local variable mapping, " +"and if supplied the variable representations are stored in the summary for " +"later display." +msgstr "" +"代表 :ref:`回溯 ` 或栈中被格式化或打印的一个单独 :ref:`帧 `。 " +"它还可能带有包括在其中的帧局部变量的字符串化版本。 如果 *lookup_line* 为 ``False``，则源代码不会被查找直到 " +":class:`!FrameSummary` 的 :attr:`~FrameSummary.line` 属性被访问（这还会在将其转换为 " +":class:`tuple` 时发生）。 :attr:`~FrameSummary.line` 可能会被直接提供，并将完全阻止行查找的发生。 " +"*locals* 是一个可选的局部变量映射，如果有提供的话这些变量的表示形式将被存储在概要中以便随后显示。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:517 +msgid ":class:`!FrameSummary` instances have the following attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`!FrameSummary` 实例具有以下属性：" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:521 +msgid "" +"The filename of the source code for this frame. Equivalent to accessing " +":attr:`f.f_code.co_filename ` on a :ref:`frame " +"object ` *f*." +msgstr "" +"对应于该帧的源代码的文件名。 等价于访问 :ref:`帧对象 ` *f* 上的 " +":attr:`f.f_code.co_filename `。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:527 +msgid "The line number of the source code for this frame." +msgstr "对应于该帧的源代码的行号。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:531 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to accessing :attr:`f.f_code.co_name ` on a " +":ref:`frame object ` *f*." +msgstr "" +"等价于访问 :ref:`帧对象 ` *f* 上的 :attr:`f.f_code.co_name " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:536 +msgid "" +"A string representing the source code for this frame, with leading and " +"trailing whitespace stripped. If the source is not available, it is " +"``None``." +msgstr "代表该帧的源代码的字符串，开头和末尾的空白将被去除。 如果源代码不可用，它将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:542 +msgid "" +"The last line number of the source code for this frame. By default, it is " +"set to ``lineno`` and indexation starts from 1." +msgstr "该帧源代码的末尾行号。 在默认情况下，它将被设为 ``lineno`` 且索引号从 1 开始。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:545 +msgid "The default value changed from ``None`` to ``lineno``." +msgstr "默认值从 ``None`` 改为 ``lineno``。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:550 +msgid "" +"The column number of the source code for this frame. By default, it is " +"``None`` and indexation starts from 0." +msgstr "该帧源代码的列号。 在默认情况下，它将为 ``None`` 且索引号从 0 开始。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:555 +msgid "" +"The last column number of the source code for this frame. By default, it is " +"``None`` and indexation starts from 0." +msgstr "该帧源代码的末尾列号。 在默认情况下，它将为 ``None`` 且索引号从 0 开始。" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:562 +msgid "Examples of Using the Module-Level Functions" +msgstr "使用模块级函数的例子" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:564 +msgid "" +"This simple example implements a basic read-eval-print loop, similar to (but" +" less useful than) the standard Python interactive interpreter loop. For a " +"more complete implementation of the interpreter loop, refer to the " +":mod:`code` module. ::" +msgstr "" +"这个简单示例是一个基本的读取-求值-打印循环，类似于（但实用性小于）标准 Python 交互式解释器循环。 对于解释器循环的更完整实现，请参阅 " +":mod:`code` 模块。 ::" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:569 +msgid "" +"import sys, traceback\n" +"\n" +"def run_user_code(envdir):\n" +" source = input(\">>> \")\n" +" try:\n" +" exec(source, envdir)\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" print(\"Exception in user code:\")\n" +" print(\"-\"*60)\n" +" traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"-\"*60)\n" +"\n" +"envdir = {}\n" +"while True:\n" +" run_user_code(envdir)" +msgstr "" +"import sys, traceback\n" +"\n" +"def run_user_code(envdir):\n" +" source = input(\">>> \")\n" +" try:\n" +" exec(source, envdir)\n" +" except Exception:\n" +" print(\"Exception in user code:\")\n" +" print(\"-\"*60)\n" +" traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"-\"*60)\n" +"\n" +"envdir = {}\n" +"while True:\n" +" run_user_code(envdir)" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:586 +msgid "" +"The following example demonstrates the different ways to print and format " +"the exception and traceback:" +msgstr "下面的例子演示了打印和格式化异常与回溯的不同方式:" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:589 +msgid "" +"import sys, traceback\n" +"\n" +"def lumberjack():\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +"\n" +"def bright_side_of_life():\n" +" return tuple()[0]\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" lumberjack()\n" +"except IndexError as exc:\n" +" print(\"*** print_tb:\")\n" +" traceback.print_tb(exc.__traceback__, limit=1, file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"*** print_exception:\")\n" +" traceback.print_exception(exc, limit=2, file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"*** print_exc:\")\n" +" traceback.print_exc(limit=2, file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"*** format_exc, first and last line:\")\n" +" formatted_lines = traceback.format_exc().splitlines()\n" +" print(formatted_lines[0])\n" +" print(formatted_lines[-1])\n" +" print(\"*** format_exception:\")\n" +" print(repr(traceback.format_exception(exc)))\n" +" print(\"*** extract_tb:\")\n" +" print(repr(traceback.extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)))\n" +" print(\"*** format_tb:\")\n" +" print(repr(traceback.format_tb(exc.__traceback__)))\n" +" print(\"*** tb_lineno:\", exc.__traceback__.tb_lineno)" +msgstr "" +"import sys, traceback\n" +"\n" +"def lumberjack():\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +"\n" +"def bright_side_of_life():\n" +" return tuple()[0]\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" lumberjack()\n" +"except IndexError as exc:\n" +" print(\"*** print_tb:\")\n" +" traceback.print_tb(exc.__traceback__, limit=1, file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"*** print_exception:\")\n" +" traceback.print_exception(exc, limit=2, file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"*** print_exc:\")\n" +" traceback.print_exc(limit=2, file=sys.stdout)\n" +" print(\"*** format_exc, first and last line:\")\n" +" formatted_lines = traceback.format_exc().splitlines()\n" +" print(formatted_lines[0])\n" +" print(formatted_lines[-1])\n" +" print(\"*** format_exception:\")\n" +" print(repr(traceback.format_exception(exc)))\n" +" print(\"*** extract_tb:\")\n" +" print(repr(traceback.extract_tb(exc.__traceback__)))\n" +" print(\"*** format_tb:\")\n" +" print(repr(traceback.format_tb(exc.__traceback__)))\n" +" print(\"*** tb_lineno:\", exc.__traceback__.tb_lineno)" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:620 +msgid "The output for the example would look similar to this:" +msgstr "该示例的输出看起来像是这样的:" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:622 +msgid "" +"*** print_tb:\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +"*** print_exception:\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"*** print_exc:\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"*** format_exc, first and last line:\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"*** format_exception:\n" +"['Traceback (most recent call last):\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 10, in \\n lumberjack()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\\n bright_side_of_life()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\\n return tuple()[0]\\n ~~~~~~~^^^\\n',\n" +" 'IndexError: tuple index out of range\\n']\n" +"*** extract_tb:\n" +"[, line 10 in >,\n" +" , line 4 in lumberjack>,\n" +" , line 7 in bright_side_of_life>]\n" +"*** format_tb:\n" +"[' File \"\", line 10, in \\n lumberjack()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\\n bright_side_of_life()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\\n return tuple()[0]\\n ~~~~~~~^^^\\n']\n" +"*** tb_lineno: 10" +msgstr "" +"*** print_tb:\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +"*** print_exception:\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"*** print_exc:\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"*** format_exc, first and last line:\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"*** format_exception:\n" +"['Traceback (most recent call last):\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 10, in \\n lumberjack()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\\n bright_side_of_life()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\\n return tuple()[0]\\n ~~~~~~~^^^\\n',\n" +" 'IndexError: tuple index out of range\\n']\n" +"*** extract_tb:\n" +"[, line 10 in >,\n" +" , line 4 in lumberjack>,\n" +" , line 7 in bright_side_of_life>]\n" +"*** format_tb:\n" +"[' File \"\", line 10, in \\n lumberjack()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 4, in lumberjack\\n bright_side_of_life()\\n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 7, in bright_side_of_life\\n return tuple()[0]\\n ~~~~~~~^^^\\n']\n" +"*** tb_lineno: 10" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:667 +msgid "" +"The following example shows the different ways to print and format the " +"stack::" +msgstr "下面的例子演示了打印和格式化栈的不同方式::" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:669 +msgid "" +">>> import traceback\n" +">>> def another_function():\n" +"... lumberstack()\n" +"...\n" +">>> def lumberstack():\n" +"... traceback.print_stack()\n" +"... print(repr(traceback.extract_stack()))\n" +"... print(repr(traceback.format_stack()))\n" +"...\n" +">>> another_function()\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" another_function()\n" +" File \"\", line 3, in another_function\n" +" lumberstack()\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in lumberstack\n" +" traceback.print_stack()\n" +"[('', 10, '', 'another_function()'),\n" +" ('', 3, 'another_function', 'lumberstack()'),\n" +" ('', 7, 'lumberstack', 'print(repr(traceback.extract_stack()))')]\n" +"[' File \"\", line 10, in \\n another_function()\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 3, in another_function\\n lumberstack()\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 8, in lumberstack\\n print(repr(traceback.format_stack()))\\n']" +msgstr "" +">>> import traceback\n" +">>> def another_function():\n" +"... lumberstack()\n" +"...\n" +">>> def lumberstack():\n" +"... traceback.print_stack()\n" +"... print(repr(traceback.extract_stack()))\n" +"... print(repr(traceback.format_stack()))\n" +"...\n" +">>> another_function()\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in \n" +" another_function()\n" +" File \"\", line 3, in another_function\n" +" lumberstack()\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in lumberstack\n" +" traceback.print_stack()\n" +"[('', 10, '', 'another_function()'),\n" +" ('', 3, 'another_function', 'lumberstack()'),\n" +" ('', 7, 'lumberstack', 'print(repr(traceback.extract_stack()))')]\n" +"[' File \"\", line 10, in \\n another_function()\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 3, in another_function\\n lumberstack()\\n',\n" +" ' File \"\", line 8, in lumberstack\\n print(repr(traceback.format_stack()))\\n']" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:693 +msgid "This last example demonstrates the final few formatting functions:" +msgstr "最后这个例子演示了最后几个格式化函数:" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:695 +msgid "" +">>> import traceback\n" +">>> traceback.format_list([('spam.py', 3, '', 'spam.eggs()'),\n" +"... ('eggs.py', 42, 'eggs', 'return \"bacon\"')])\n" +"[' File \"spam.py\", line 3, in \\n spam.eggs()\\n',\n" +" ' File \"eggs.py\", line 42, in eggs\\n return \"bacon\"\\n']\n" +">>> an_error = IndexError('tuple index out of range')\n" +">>> traceback.format_exception_only(an_error)\n" +"['IndexError: tuple index out of range\\n']" +msgstr "" +">>> import traceback\n" +">>> traceback.format_list([('spam.py', 3, '', 'spam.eggs()'),\n" +"... ('eggs.py', 42, 'eggs', 'return \"bacon\"')])\n" +"[' File \"spam.py\", line 3, in \\n spam.eggs()\\n',\n" +" ' File \"eggs.py\", line 42, in eggs\\n return \"bacon\"\\n']\n" +">>> an_error = IndexError('tuple index out of range')\n" +">>> traceback.format_exception_only(an_error)\n" +"['IndexError: tuple index out of range\\n']" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:709 +msgid "Examples of Using :class:`TracebackException`" +msgstr "使用 :class:`TracebackException` 的示例" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:711 +msgid "With the helper class, we have more options::" +msgstr "使用辅助类，我们将有更多的选项::" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:713 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> from traceback import TracebackException\n" +">>>\n" +">>> def lumberjack():\n" +"... bright_side_of_life()\n" +"...\n" +">>> def bright_side_of_life():\n" +"... t = \"bright\", \"side\", \"of\", \"life\"\n" +"... return t[5]\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... lumberjack()\n" +"... except IndexError as e:\n" +"... exc = e\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... lumberjack()\n" +"... except:\n" +"... 1/0\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... chained_exc = e\n" +"...\n" +">>> # limit works as with the module-level functions\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2).print()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in bright_side_of_life\n" +" return t[5]\n" +" ~^^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"\n" +">>> # capture_locals adds local variables in frames\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2, capture_locals=True).print()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in bright_side_of_life\n" +" return t[5]\n" +" ~^^^\n" +" t = (\"bright\", \"side\", \"of\", \"life\")\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"\n" +">>> # The *chain* kwarg to print() controls whether chained\n" +">>> # exceptions are displayed\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 7, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 11, in bright_side_of_life\n" +" return t[5]\n" +" ~^^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in \n" +" 1/0\n" +" ~^~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +"\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print(chain=False)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in \n" +" 1/0\n" +" ~^~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> from traceback import TracebackException\n" +">>>\n" +">>> def lumberjack():\n" +"... bright_side_of_life()\n" +"...\n" +">>> def bright_side_of_life():\n" +"... t = \"bright\", \"side\", \"of\", \"life\"\n" +"... return t[5]\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... lumberjack()\n" +"... except IndexError as e:\n" +"... exc = e\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... lumberjack()\n" +"... except:\n" +"... 1/0\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... chained_exc = e\n" +"...\n" +">>> # 限制使用模块级函数\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2).print()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in bright_side_of_life\n" +" return t[5]\n" +" ~^^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"\n" +">>> # capture_locals 添加帧中的局部变量\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(exc, limit=-2, capture_locals=True).print()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 10, in bright_side_of_life\n" +" return t[5]\n" +" ~^^^\n" +" t = (\"bright\", \"side\", \"of\", \"life\")\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"\n" +">>> # print() 的 *chain* 关键字参数控制是否要显示\n" +">>> # 串连的异常\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" lumberjack()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 7, in lumberjack\n" +" bright_side_of_life()\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 11, in bright_side_of_life\n" +" return t[5]\n" +" ~^^^\n" +"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in \n" +" 1/0\n" +" ~^~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +"\n" +">>> TracebackException.from_exception(chained_exc).print(chain=False)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in \n" +" 1/0\n" +" ~^~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:21 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:21 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "traceback -- 回溯" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:87 +msgid "^ (caret)" +msgstr "^ (脱字号)" + +#: ../../library/traceback.rst:87 +msgid "marker" +msgstr "标记" diff --git a/library/tracemalloc.po b/library/tracemalloc.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..945fd4d0a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tracemalloc.po @@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# zeroswan , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# Ruizhe Pan, 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-22 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Ruizhe Pan, 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tracemalloc` --- Trace memory allocations" +msgstr ":mod:`!tracemalloc` --- 跟踪内存分配" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tracemalloc.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/tracemalloc.py`" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The tracemalloc module is a debug tool to trace memory blocks allocated by " +"Python. It provides the following information:" +msgstr "tracemalloc 模块是一个用于对 Python 已申请的内存块进行调试的工具。它能提供以下信息:" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:16 +msgid "Traceback where an object was allocated" +msgstr "回溯对象分配内存的位置" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Statistics on allocated memory blocks per filename and per line number: " +"total size, number and average size of allocated memory blocks" +msgstr "按文件、按行统计 Python 的内存块分配情况: 内存块总大小、数量以及块平均大小。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:19 +msgid "Compute the differences between two snapshots to detect memory leaks" +msgstr "对比两个内存快照的差异，以便排查内存泄漏" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:21 +msgid "" +"To trace most memory blocks allocated by Python, the module should be " +"started as early as possible by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` " +"environment variable to ``1``, or by using :option:`-X` ``tracemalloc`` " +"command line option. The :func:`tracemalloc.start` function can be called at" +" runtime to start tracing Python memory allocations." +msgstr "" +"要追踪 Python 所分配的大部分内存块，模块应当通过将 :envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` 环境变量设置为 " +"``1``，或是通过使用 :option:`-X` ``tracemalloc`` 命令行选项来尽可能早地启动。 可以在运行时调用 " +":func:`tracemalloc.start` 函数来启动追踪 Python 内存分配。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:27 +msgid "" +"By default, a trace of an allocated memory block only stores the most recent" +" frame (1 frame). To store 25 frames at startup: set the " +":envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` environment variable to ``25``, or use the " +":option:`-X` ``tracemalloc=25`` command line option." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，一个已分配内存块的追踪将只储存最新的帧 (1 帧)。 要要启动时储存 25 帧：将 :envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC`" +" 环境变量设为 ``25``，或使用 :option:`-X` ``tracemalloc=25`` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:34 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:37 +msgid "Display the top 10" +msgstr "显示前10项" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:39 +msgid "Display the 10 files allocating the most memory::" +msgstr "显示内存分配最多的10个文件：" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:41 +msgid "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"\n" +"# ... run your application ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"top_stats = snapshot.statistics('lineno')\n" +"\n" +"print(\"[ Top 10 ]\")\n" +"for stat in top_stats[:10]:\n" +" print(stat)" +msgstr "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 运行你的应用程序 ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"top_stats = snapshot.statistics('lineno')\n" +"\n" +"print(\"[ Top 10 ]\")\n" +"for stat in top_stats[:10]:\n" +" print(stat)" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:55 ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:225 +msgid "Example of output of the Python test suite::" +msgstr "Python测试套件的输出示例：" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:57 +msgid "" +"[ Top 10 ]\n" +":716: size=4855 KiB, count=39328, average=126 B\n" +":284: size=521 KiB, count=3199, average=167 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/collections/__init__.py:368: size=244 KiB, count=2315, average=108 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py:381: size=185 KiB, count=779, average=243 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py:402: size=154 KiB, count=378, average=416 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/abc.py:133: size=88.7 KiB, count=347, average=262 B\n" +":1446: size=70.4 KiB, count=911, average=79 B\n" +":1454: size=52.0 KiB, count=25, average=2131 B\n" +":5: size=49.7 KiB, count=148, average=344 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/sysconfig.py:411: size=48.0 KiB, count=1, average=48.0 KiB" +msgstr "" +"[ Top 10 ]\n" +":716: size=4855 KiB, count=39328, average=126 B\n" +":284: size=521 KiB, count=3199, average=167 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/collections/__init__.py:368: size=244 KiB, count=2315, average=108 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py:381: size=185 KiB, count=779, average=243 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py:402: size=154 KiB, count=378, average=416 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/abc.py:133: size=88.7 KiB, count=347, average=262 B\n" +":1446: size=70.4 KiB, count=911, average=79 B\n" +":1454: size=52.0 KiB, count=25, average=2131 B\n" +":5: size=49.7 KiB, count=148, average=344 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/sysconfig.py:411: size=48.0 KiB, count=1, average=48.0 KiB" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:69 +msgid "" +"We can see that Python loaded ``4855 KiB`` data (bytecode and constants) " +"from modules and that the :mod:`collections` module allocated ``244 KiB`` to" +" build :class:`~collections.namedtuple` types." +msgstr "" +"我们可以看到 Python 从模块载入了 ``4855 KiB`` 数据（字节码和常量）并且 :mod:`collections` 模块分配了 " +"``244 KiB`` 来构建 :class:`~collections.namedtuple` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:73 ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:250 +msgid "See :meth:`Snapshot.statistics` for more options." +msgstr "更多选项，请参见 :meth:`Snapshot.statistics`" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:77 +msgid "Compute differences" +msgstr "计算差异" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:79 +msgid "Take two snapshots and display the differences::" +msgstr "获取两个快照并显示差异：" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:81 +msgid "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"# ... start your application ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot1 = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"# ... call the function leaking memory ...\n" +"snapshot2 = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"\n" +"top_stats = snapshot2.compare_to(snapshot1, 'lineno')\n" +"\n" +"print(\"[ Top 10 differences ]\")\n" +"for stat in top_stats[:10]:\n" +" print(stat)" +msgstr "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"# ... 启动你的应用程序 ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot1 = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"# ... 调用函数泄漏内存 ...\n" +"snapshot2 = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"\n" +"top_stats = snapshot2.compare_to(snapshot1, 'lineno')\n" +"\n" +"print(\"[ Top 10 differences ]\")\n" +"for stat in top_stats[:10]:\n" +" print(stat)" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Example of output before/after running some tests of the Python test suite::" +msgstr "运行 Python 测试套件的部分测试之前/之后的输出样例::" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:97 +msgid "" +"[ Top 10 differences ]\n" +":716: size=8173 KiB (+4428 KiB), count=71332 (+39369), average=117 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/linecache.py:127: size=940 KiB (+940 KiB), count=8106 (+8106), average=119 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py:571: size=298 KiB (+298 KiB), count=589 (+589), average=519 B\n" +":284: size=1005 KiB (+166 KiB), count=7423 (+1526), average=139 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/mimetypes.py:217: size=112 KiB (+112 KiB), count=1334 (+1334), average=86 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/http/server.py:848: size=96.0 KiB (+96.0 KiB), count=1 (+1), average=96.0 KiB\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/inspect.py:1465: size=83.5 KiB (+83.5 KiB), count=109 (+109), average=784 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/mock.py:491: size=77.7 KiB (+77.7 KiB), count=143 (+143), average=557 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/urllib/parse.py:476: size=71.8 KiB (+71.8 KiB), count=969 (+969), average=76 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/contextlib.py:38: size=67.2 KiB (+67.2 KiB), count=126 (+126), average=546 B" +msgstr "" +"[ Top 10 differences ]\n" +":716: size=8173 KiB (+4428 KiB), count=71332 (+39369), average=117 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/linecache.py:127: size=940 KiB (+940 KiB), count=8106 (+8106), average=119 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py:571: size=298 KiB (+298 KiB), count=589 (+589), average=519 B\n" +":284: size=1005 KiB (+166 KiB), count=7423 (+1526), average=139 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/mimetypes.py:217: size=112 KiB (+112 KiB), count=1334 (+1334), average=86 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/http/server.py:848: size=96.0 KiB (+96.0 KiB), count=1 (+1), average=96.0 KiB\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/inspect.py:1465: size=83.5 KiB (+83.5 KiB), count=109 (+109), average=784 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/mock.py:491: size=77.7 KiB (+77.7 KiB), count=143 (+143), average=557 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/urllib/parse.py:476: size=71.8 KiB (+71.8 KiB), count=969 (+969), average=76 B\n" +"/usr/lib/python3.4/contextlib.py:38: size=67.2 KiB (+67.2 KiB), count=126 (+126), average=546 B" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:109 +msgid "" +"We can see that Python has loaded ``8173 KiB`` of module data (bytecode and " +"constants), and that this is ``4428 KiB`` more than had been loaded before " +"the tests, when the previous snapshot was taken. Similarly, the " +":mod:`linecache` module has cached ``940 KiB`` of Python source code to " +"format tracebacks, all of it since the previous snapshot." +msgstr "" +"我们可以看到 Python 已载入了 ``8173 KiB`` 模块数据（字节码和常量），并且这比测试之前，即保存前一个快照时载入的数据多出了 " +"``4428 KiB``。 类似地， :mod:`linecache` 模块已缓存 ``940 KiB`` 的 Python " +"源代码至格式回溯中，即从前一个快照开始的所有数据。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:115 +msgid "" +"If the system has little free memory, snapshots can be written on disk using" +" the :meth:`Snapshot.dump` method to analyze the snapshot offline. Then use " +"the :meth:`Snapshot.load` method reload the snapshot." +msgstr "" +"如果系统空闲内存太少，可以使用 :meth:`Snapshot.dump` 方法将快照写入磁盘来离线分析快照。 然后使用 " +":meth:`Snapshot.load` 方法重载快照。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:121 +msgid "Get the traceback of a memory block" +msgstr "获取一个内存块的溯源" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:123 +msgid "Code to display the traceback of the biggest memory block::" +msgstr "找出程序中最大内存块的溯源的代码::" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:125 +msgid "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"# Store 25 frames\n" +"tracemalloc.start(25)\n" +"\n" +"# ... run your application ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"top_stats = snapshot.statistics('traceback')\n" +"\n" +"# pick the biggest memory block\n" +"stat = top_stats[0]\n" +"print(\"%s memory blocks: %.1f KiB\" % (stat.count, stat.size / 1024))\n" +"for line in stat.traceback.format():\n" +" print(line)" +msgstr "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"# 存储 25 帧\n" +"tracemalloc.start(25)\n" +"\n" +"# ... 运行你的应用程序 ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"top_stats = snapshot.statistics('traceback')\n" +"\n" +"# 挑出最大的内存块\n" +"stat = top_stats[0]\n" +"print(\"%s memory blocks: %.1f KiB\" % (stat.count, stat.size / 1024))\n" +"for line in stat.traceback.format():\n" +" print(line)" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Example of output of the Python test suite (traceback limited to 25 " +"frames)::" +msgstr "一段Python单元测试的输出案例(限制最大25层堆栈)" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:143 +msgid "" +"903 memory blocks: 870.1 KiB\n" +" File \"\", line 716\n" +" File \"\", line 1036\n" +" File \"\", line 934\n" +" File \"\", line 1068\n" +" File \"\", line 619\n" +" File \"\", line 1581\n" +" File \"\", line 1614\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/doctest.py\", line 101\n" +" import pdb\n" +" File \"\", line 284\n" +" File \"\", line 938\n" +" File \"\", line 1068\n" +" File \"\", line 619\n" +" File \"\", line 1581\n" +" File \"\", line 1614\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/support/__init__.py\", line 1728\n" +" import doctest\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/test_pickletools.py\", line 21\n" +" support.run_doctest(pickletools)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 1276\n" +" test_runner()\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 976\n" +" display_failure=not verbose)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 761\n" +" match_tests=ns.match_tests)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 1563\n" +" main()\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/__main__.py\", line 3\n" +" regrtest.main_in_temp_cwd()\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/runpy.py\", line 73\n" +" exec(code, run_globals)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/runpy.py\", line 160\n" +" \"__main__\", fname, loader, pkg_name)" +msgstr "" +"903 memory blocks: 870.1 KiB\n" +" File \"\", line 716\n" +" File \"\", line 1036\n" +" File \"\", line 934\n" +" File \"\", line 1068\n" +" File \"\", line 619\n" +" File \"\", line 1581\n" +" File \"\", line 1614\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/doctest.py\", line 101\n" +" import pdb\n" +" File \"\", line 284\n" +" File \"\", line 938\n" +" File \"\", line 1068\n" +" File \"\", line 619\n" +" File \"\", line 1581\n" +" File \"\", line 1614\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/support/__init__.py\", line 1728\n" +" import doctest\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/test_pickletools.py\", line 21\n" +" support.run_doctest(pickletools)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 1276\n" +" test_runner()\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 976\n" +" display_failure=not verbose)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 761\n" +" match_tests=ns.match_tests)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/regrtest.py\", line 1563\n" +" main()\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/test/__main__.py\", line 3\n" +" regrtest.main_in_temp_cwd()\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/runpy.py\", line 73\n" +" exec(code, run_globals)\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/runpy.py\", line 160\n" +" \"__main__\", fname, loader, pkg_name)" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:178 +msgid "" +"We can see that the most memory was allocated in the :mod:`importlib` module" +" to load data (bytecode and constants) from modules: ``870.1 KiB``. The " +"traceback is where the :mod:`importlib` loaded data most recently: on the " +"``import pdb`` line of the :mod:`doctest` module. The traceback may change " +"if a new module is loaded." +msgstr "" +"我们可以看到大部分内存都被分配到 :mod:`importlib` 模块中以便从模块中加载数据（字节码和常量）: ``870.1 KiB``。 " +"回溯位置是 :mod:`importlib` 最近加载数据的地方：在 :mod:`doctest` 模块的 ``import pdb`` 行。 " +"如果加载了新模块则回溯可能发生改变。line of the. The traceback may change if a new module is " +"loaded." + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:186 +msgid "Pretty top" +msgstr "美化的 top" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Code to display the 10 lines allocating the most memory with a pretty " +"output, ignoring ```` and ```` files::" +msgstr "" +"使用美化输出显示分配最多内存的 10 行的代码，忽略 ```` 和 ````" +" 文件::" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:191 +msgid "" +"import linecache\n" +"import os\n" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"def display_top(snapshot, key_type='lineno', limit=10):\n" +" snapshot = snapshot.filter_traces((\n" +" tracemalloc.Filter(False, \"\"),\n" +" tracemalloc.Filter(False, \"\"),\n" +" ))\n" +" top_stats = snapshot.statistics(key_type)\n" +"\n" +" print(\"Top %s lines\" % limit)\n" +" for index, stat in enumerate(top_stats[:limit], 1):\n" +" frame = stat.traceback[0]\n" +" print(\"#%s: %s:%s: %.1f KiB\"\n" +" % (index, frame.filename, frame.lineno, stat.size / 1024))\n" +" line = linecache.getline(frame.filename, frame.lineno).strip()\n" +" if line:\n" +" print(' %s' % line)\n" +"\n" +" other = top_stats[limit:]\n" +" if other:\n" +" size = sum(stat.size for stat in other)\n" +" print(\"%s other: %.1f KiB\" % (len(other), size / 1024))\n" +" total = sum(stat.size for stat in top_stats)\n" +" print(\"Total allocated size: %.1f KiB\" % (total / 1024))\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"\n" +"# ... run your application ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"display_top(snapshot)" +msgstr "" +"import linecache\n" +"import os\n" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"def display_top(snapshot, key_type='lineno', limit=10):\n" +" snapshot = snapshot.filter_traces((\n" +" tracemalloc.Filter(False, \"\"),\n" +" tracemalloc.Filter(False, \"\"),\n" +" ))\n" +" top_stats = snapshot.statistics(key_type)\n" +"\n" +" print(\"Top %s lines\" % limit)\n" +" for index, stat in enumerate(top_stats[:limit], 1):\n" +" frame = stat.traceback[0]\n" +" print(\"#%s: %s:%s: %.1f KiB\"\n" +" % (index, frame.filename, frame.lineno, stat.size / 1024))\n" +" line = linecache.getline(frame.filename, frame.lineno).strip()\n" +" if line:\n" +" print(' %s' % line)\n" +"\n" +" other = top_stats[limit:]\n" +" if other:\n" +" size = sum(stat.size for stat in other)\n" +" print(\"%s other: %.1f KiB\" % (len(other), size / 1024))\n" +" total = sum(stat.size for stat in top_stats)\n" +" print(\"Total allocated size: %.1f KiB\" % (total / 1024))\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"\n" +"# ... 运行你的应用程序 ...\n" +"\n" +"snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()\n" +"display_top(snapshot)" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:227 +msgid "" +"Top 10 lines\n" +"#1: Lib/base64.py:414: 419.8 KiB\n" +" _b85chars2 = [(a + b) for a in _b85chars for b in _b85chars]\n" +"#2: Lib/base64.py:306: 419.8 KiB\n" +" _a85chars2 = [(a + b) for a in _a85chars for b in _a85chars]\n" +"#3: collections/__init__.py:368: 293.6 KiB\n" +" exec(class_definition, namespace)\n" +"#4: Lib/abc.py:133: 115.2 KiB\n" +" cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace)\n" +"#5: unittest/case.py:574: 103.1 KiB\n" +" testMethod()\n" +"#6: Lib/linecache.py:127: 95.4 KiB\n" +" lines = fp.readlines()\n" +"#7: urllib/parse.py:476: 71.8 KiB\n" +" for a in _hexdig for b in _hexdig}\n" +"#8: :5: 62.0 KiB\n" +"#9: Lib/_weakrefset.py:37: 60.0 KiB\n" +" self.data = set()\n" +"#10: Lib/base64.py:142: 59.8 KiB\n" +" _b32tab2 = [a + b for a in _b32tab for b in _b32tab]\n" +"6220 other: 3602.8 KiB\n" +"Total allocated size: 5303.1 KiB" +msgstr "" +"Top 10 lines\n" +"#1: Lib/base64.py:414: 419.8 KiB\n" +" _b85chars2 = [(a + b) for a in _b85chars for b in _b85chars]\n" +"#2: Lib/base64.py:306: 419.8 KiB\n" +" _a85chars2 = [(a + b) for a in _a85chars for b in _a85chars]\n" +"#3: collections/__init__.py:368: 293.6 KiB\n" +" exec(class_definition, namespace)\n" +"#4: Lib/abc.py:133: 115.2 KiB\n" +" cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace)\n" +"#5: unittest/case.py:574: 103.1 KiB\n" +" testMethod()\n" +"#6: Lib/linecache.py:127: 95.4 KiB\n" +" lines = fp.readlines()\n" +"#7: urllib/parse.py:476: 71.8 KiB\n" +" for a in _hexdig for b in _hexdig}\n" +"#8: :5: 62.0 KiB\n" +"#9: Lib/_weakrefset.py:37: 60.0 KiB\n" +" self.data = set()\n" +"#10: Lib/base64.py:142: 59.8 KiB\n" +" _b32tab2 = [a + b for a in _b32tab for b in _b32tab]\n" +"6220 other: 3602.8 KiB\n" +"Total allocated size: 5303.1 KiB" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:253 +msgid "Record the current and peak size of all traced memory blocks" +msgstr "记录所有被追踪内存块的当前和峰值大小" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:255 +msgid "" +"The following code computes two sums like ``0 + 1 + 2 + ...`` inefficiently," +" by creating a list of those numbers. This list consumes a lot of memory " +"temporarily. We can use :func:`get_traced_memory` and :func:`reset_peak` to " +"observe the small memory usage after the sum is computed as well as the peak" +" memory usage during the computations::" +msgstr "" +"以下代码通过创建一个包含数字的列表来低效率地计算总计值如 ``0 + 1 + 2 + ...``。 该列表会临时消耗大量内存。 我们可以使用 " +":func:`get_traced_memory` 和 :func:`reset_peak` " +"来观察计算总计值之后的内存使用减少以及计算过程中的内存使用峰值::" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:261 +msgid "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"\n" +"# Example code: compute a sum with a large temporary list\n" +"large_sum = sum(list(range(100000)))\n" +"\n" +"first_size, first_peak = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.reset_peak()\n" +"\n" +"# Example code: compute a sum with a small temporary list\n" +"small_sum = sum(list(range(1000)))\n" +"\n" +"second_size, second_peak = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()\n" +"\n" +"print(f\"{first_size=}, {first_peak=}\")\n" +"print(f\"{second_size=}, {second_peak=}\")" +msgstr "" +"import tracemalloc\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.start()\n" +"\n" +"# 示例代码：对一个大临时列表计算总计值\n" +"large_sum = sum(list(range(100000)))\n" +"\n" +"first_size, first_peak = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()\n" +"\n" +"tracemalloc.reset_peak()\n" +"\n" +"# 示例代码：对一个小临时列表计算总计值\n" +"small_sum = sum(list(range(1000)))\n" +"\n" +"second_size, second_peak = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()\n" +"\n" +"print(f\"{first_size=}, {first_peak=}\")\n" +"print(f\"{second_size=}, {second_peak=}\")" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:280 ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:759 +msgid "Output::" +msgstr "输出::" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:282 +msgid "" +"first_size=664, first_peak=3592984\n" +"second_size=804, second_peak=29704" +msgstr "" +"first_size=664, first_peak=3592984\n" +"second_size=804, second_peak=29704" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Using :func:`reset_peak` ensured we could accurately record the peak during " +"the computation of ``small_sum``, even though it is much smaller than the " +"overall peak size of memory blocks since the :func:`start` call. Without the" +" call to :func:`reset_peak`, ``second_peak`` would still be the peak from " +"the computation ``large_sum`` (that is, equal to ``first_peak``). In this " +"case, both peaks are much higher than the final memory usage, and which " +"suggests we could optimise (by removing the unnecessary call to " +":class:`list`, and writing ``sum(range(...))``)." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`reset_peak` 将确保我们能够准确地记录 ``small_sum`` 计算期间的峰值，即使它远小于从 " +":func:`start` 调用以来内存块的总体峰值大小。 如果没有对 :func:`reset_peak` 的调用，``second_peak`` " +"将仍为计算 ``large_sum`` 时的峰值 (也就是说，等于 ``first_peak``)。 " +"在这种情况下，两个峰值都将比最终的内存使用量高得多，这表明我们可以进行优化 (通过移除不必要的对 :class:`list` 的调用，并改写为 " +"``sum(range(...))``)。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:295 +msgid "API" +msgstr "API" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:298 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:302 +msgid "Clear traces of memory blocks allocated by Python." +msgstr "清空 Python 所分配的内存块的追踪数据。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:304 +msgid "See also :func:`stop`." +msgstr "另见 :func:`stop`." + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:309 +msgid "" +"Get the traceback where the Python object *obj* was allocated. Return a " +":class:`Traceback` instance, or ``None`` if the :mod:`tracemalloc` module is" +" not tracing memory allocations or did not trace the allocation of the " +"object." +msgstr "" +"获取 Python 对象 *obj* 被分配位置的回溯。 返回一个 :class:`Traceback` 实例，或者如果 " +":mod:`tracemalloc` 模块未追踪任何内存分配或未追踪该对象的分配则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:314 +msgid "See also :func:`gc.get_referrers` and :func:`sys.getsizeof` functions." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`gc.get_referrers` 和 :func:`sys.getsizeof` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:319 +msgid "Get the maximum number of frames stored in the traceback of a trace." +msgstr "获取保存在一个追踪的回溯中的最大帧数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tracemalloc` module must be tracing memory allocations to get the " +"limit, otherwise an exception is raised." +msgstr ":mod:`tracemalloc` 模块必须正在追踪内存分配才能获得该限制值，否则将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:324 +msgid "The limit is set by the :func:`start` function." +msgstr "该限制是由 :func:`start` 函数设置的。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Get the current size and peak size of memory blocks traced by the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module as a tuple: ``(current: int, peak: int)``." +msgstr "" +"获取一个元组形式的由 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块所追踪的内存块的当前大小和峰值大小: ``(current: int, peak: " +"int)``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Set the peak size of memory blocks traced by the :mod:`tracemalloc` module " +"to the current size." +msgstr "将由 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块所追踪的内存块的峰值大小设置为当前大小。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Do nothing if the :mod:`tracemalloc` module is not tracing memory " +"allocations." +msgstr "如果 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块未在追踪内存分配则不做任何事。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:341 +msgid "" +"This function only modifies the recorded peak size, and does not modify or " +"clear any traces, unlike :func:`clear_traces`. Snapshots taken with " +":func:`take_snapshot` before a call to :func:`reset_peak` can be " +"meaningfully compared to snapshots taken after the call." +msgstr "" +"此函数只修改已记录的峰值大小，而不会修改或清空任何追踪，这不同于 :func:`clear_traces`。 在调用 " +":func:`reset_peak` 之前使用 :func:`take_snapshot` 保存的快照可以与调用之后保存的快照进行有意义的比较。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:346 +msgid "See also :func:`get_traced_memory`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`get_traced_memory`。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:353 +msgid "" +"Get the memory usage in bytes of the :mod:`tracemalloc` module used to store" +" traces of memory blocks. Return an :class:`int`." +msgstr "获取 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块用于保存内存块追踪所使用的内存字节数。 返回一个 :class:`int`。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:360 +msgid "" +"``True`` if the :mod:`tracemalloc` module is tracing Python memory " +"allocations, ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "如果 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块正在追踪 Python 内存分配则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:363 +msgid "See also :func:`start` and :func:`stop` functions." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`start` 和 :func:`stop` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Start tracing Python memory allocations: install hooks on Python memory " +"allocators. Collected tracebacks of traces will be limited to *nframe* " +"frames. By default, a trace of a memory block only stores the most recent " +"frame: the limit is ``1``. *nframe* must be greater or equal to ``1``." +msgstr "" +"开始追踪 Python 内存分配：在 Python 内存分配器上安装钩子。 收集的追踪回溯将被限制为 *nframe* 个帧。 " +"在默认情况下，一个内存块的追踪将只保存最近的帧：即限制为 ``1``。 *nframe* 必须大于等于 ``1``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:373 +msgid "" +"You can still read the original number of total frames that composed the " +"traceback by looking at the :attr:`Traceback.total_nframe` attribute." +msgstr "你仍然可以通过访问 :attr:`Traceback.total_nframe` 属性来读取组成回溯的原始总帧数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Storing more than ``1`` frame is only useful to compute statistics grouped " +"by ``'traceback'`` or to compute cumulative statistics: see the " +":meth:`Snapshot.compare_to` and :meth:`Snapshot.statistics` methods." +msgstr "" +"保存 ``1`` 帧以上仅适用于计算由 ``'traceback'`` 分组的统计数据或计算累积的统计数据：请参阅 " +":meth:`Snapshot.compare_to` 和 :meth:`Snapshot.statistics` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:380 +msgid "" +"Storing more frames increases the memory and CPU overhead of the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module. Use the :func:`get_tracemalloc_memory` function " +"to measure how much memory is used by the :mod:`tracemalloc` module." +msgstr "" +"保存更多帧会增加 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块的内存和 CPU 开销。 请使用 " +":func:`get_tracemalloc_memory` 函数来检测 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块消耗了多少内存。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:384 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` environment variable " +"(``PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=NFRAME``) and the :option:`-X` ``tracemalloc=NFRAME`` " +"command line option can be used to start tracing at startup." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` 环境变量 (``PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=NFRAME``) 和 " +":option:`-X` ``tracemalloc=NFRAME`` 命令行选项可被用来在启动时开始追踪。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:388 +msgid "" +"See also :func:`stop`, :func:`is_tracing` and :func:`get_traceback_limit` " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :func:`stop`, :func:`is_tracing` 和 :func:`get_traceback_limit` 等函数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Stop tracing Python memory allocations: uninstall hooks on Python memory " +"allocators. Also clears all previously collected traces of memory blocks " +"allocated by Python." +msgstr "停止追踪 Python 内存分配：卸载 Python 内存分配器上的钩子。 并清空之前收集的所有由 Python 分配的内存块的追踪。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:398 +msgid "" +"Call :func:`take_snapshot` function to take a snapshot of traces before " +"clearing them." +msgstr "调用 :func:`take_snapshot` 函数在清空追踪之前保存它们的快照。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:401 +msgid "" +"See also :func:`start`, :func:`is_tracing` and :func:`clear_traces` " +"functions." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`start`, :func:`is_tracing` 和 :func:`clear_traces` 等函数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Take a snapshot of traces of memory blocks allocated by Python. Return a new" +" :class:`Snapshot` instance." +msgstr "保存一个由 Python 分配的内存块的追踪的快照。 返回一个新的 :class:`Snapshot` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:410 +msgid "" +"The snapshot does not include memory blocks allocated before the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module started to trace memory allocations." +msgstr "该快照不包括在 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块开始追踪内存分配之前分配的内存块。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Tracebacks of traces are limited to :func:`get_traceback_limit` frames. Use " +"the *nframe* parameter of the :func:`start` function to store more frames." +msgstr "" +"追踪的回溯被限制为 :func:`get_traceback_limit` 个帧。 可使用 :func:`start` 函数的 *nframe* " +"形参来保存更多的帧。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:416 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tracemalloc` module must be tracing memory allocations to take a " +"snapshot, see the :func:`start` function." +msgstr ":mod:`tracemalloc` 模块必须正在追踪内存分配才能保存快照，参见 :func:`start` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:419 +msgid "See also the :func:`get_object_traceback` function." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`get_object_traceback` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:423 +msgid "DomainFilter" +msgstr "域过滤器" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:427 +msgid "Filter traces of memory blocks by their address space (domain)." +msgstr "按地址空间（域）来过滤内存块的追踪。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:433 +msgid "" +"If *inclusive* is ``True`` (include), match memory blocks allocated in the " +"address space :attr:`domain`." +msgstr "如果 *inclusive* 为 ``True`` (包括)，则匹配分配于地址空间 :attr:`domain` 中的内存块。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:436 +msgid "" +"If *inclusive* is ``False`` (exclude), match memory blocks not allocated in " +"the address space :attr:`domain`." +msgstr "如果 *inclusive* 为 ``False`` (排除)，则匹配不是分配于地址空间 :attr:`domain` 中的内存块。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:441 ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:693 +msgid "Address space of a memory block (``int``). Read-only property." +msgstr "内存块的地址空间 (``int``)。 只读的特征属性。 Read-only property." + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:445 +msgid "Filter" +msgstr "过滤器" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:449 +msgid "Filter on traces of memory blocks." +msgstr "对内存块的跟踪进行筛选。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:451 +msgid "" +"See the :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` function for the syntax of " +"*filename_pattern*. The ``'.pyc'`` file extension is replaced with " +"``'.py'``." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` 函数来了解 *filename_pattern* 的语法。 ``'.pyc'`` 文件扩展名以 " +"``'.py'`` 替换。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:455 +msgid "Examples:" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:457 +msgid "" +"``Filter(True, subprocess.__file__)`` only includes traces of the " +":mod:`subprocess` module" +msgstr "``Filter(True, subprocess.__file__)`` 只包括 :mod:`subprocess` 模块的追踪数据" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:459 +msgid "" +"``Filter(False, tracemalloc.__file__)`` excludes traces of the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module" +msgstr "" +"``Filter(False, tracemalloc.__file__)`` 排除了 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块的追踪数据" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:461 +msgid "``Filter(False, \"\")`` excludes empty tracebacks" +msgstr "``Filter(False, \"\")`` 排除了空的回溯信息" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:464 +msgid "The ``'.pyo'`` file extension is no longer replaced with ``'.py'``." +msgstr "``'.pyo'`` 文件扩展名不会再被替换为 ``'.py'``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:467 ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:688 +msgid "Added the :attr:`domain` attribute." +msgstr "增加了 :attr:`domain` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:473 +msgid "Address space of a memory block (``int`` or ``None``)." +msgstr "内存块的地址空间 (``int`` 或 ``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:475 ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:695 +msgid "" +"tracemalloc uses the domain ``0`` to trace memory allocations made by " +"Python. C extensions can use other domains to trace other resources." +msgstr "" +"tracemalloc 使用 ``0`` 号域来追踪 Python 的内存分配操作。 C 扩展可以使用其他域来追踪其他资源。extensions can" +" use other domains to trace other resources." + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:480 +msgid "" +"If *inclusive* is ``True`` (include), only match memory blocks allocated in " +"a file with a name matching :attr:`filename_pattern` at line number " +":attr:`lineno`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *inclusive* 为 ``True`` (包括)，则只匹配名称与 :attr:`filename_pattern` 匹配的文件在行号为 " +":attr:`lineno` 的位置上分配的内存块。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:484 +msgid "" +"If *inclusive* is ``False`` (exclude), ignore memory blocks allocated in a " +"file with a name matching :attr:`filename_pattern` at line number " +":attr:`lineno`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *inclusive* 为 ``False`` (排除)，则忽略名称与 :attr:`filename_pattern` 匹配的文件在行号为 " +":attr:`lineno` 的位置上分配的内存块。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:490 +msgid "" +"Line number (``int``) of the filter. If *lineno* is ``None``, the filter " +"matches any line number." +msgstr "过滤器的行号 (``int``)。 如果 *lineno* 为 ``None``，则该过滤器将匹配任意行号。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:495 +msgid "Filename pattern of the filter (``str``). Read-only property." +msgstr "过滤器的文件名模型 (``str``)。 只读的特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:499 +msgid "" +"If *all_frames* is ``True``, all frames of the traceback are checked. If " +"*all_frames* is ``False``, only the most recent frame is checked." +msgstr "" +"如果 *all_frames* 为 ``True``，则回溯的所有帧都会被检查。 如果 *all_frames* 为 " +"``False``，则只有最近的帧会被检查。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:502 +msgid "" +"This attribute has no effect if the traceback limit is ``1``. See the " +":func:`get_traceback_limit` function and :attr:`Snapshot.traceback_limit` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" +"如果回溯限制为 ``1`` 则该属性将没有效果。 参见 :func:`get_traceback_limit` 函数和 " +":attr:`Snapshot.traceback_limit` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:508 +msgid "Frame" +msgstr "帧" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:512 +msgid "Frame of a traceback." +msgstr "回溯的帧。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:514 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Traceback` class is a sequence of :class:`Frame` instances." +msgstr ":class:`Traceback` 类是一个 :class:`Frame` 实例的序列。instances." + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:518 +msgid "Filename (``str``)." +msgstr "文件名（``字符串``）" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:522 +msgid "Line number (``int``)." +msgstr "行号（``整形``）" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:526 +msgid "Snapshot" +msgstr "快照" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:530 +msgid "Snapshot of traces of memory blocks allocated by Python." +msgstr "由 Python 分配的内存块的追踪的快照。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:532 +msgid "The :func:`take_snapshot` function creates a snapshot instance." +msgstr ":func:`take_snapshot` 函数创建一个快照实例。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:536 +msgid "" +"Compute the differences with an old snapshot. Get statistics as a sorted " +"list of :class:`StatisticDiff` instances grouped by *key_type*." +msgstr "" +"计算与某个旧快照的差异。 获取按 *key_type* 分组的 :class:`StatisticDiff` 实例的已排序列表形式的统计信息。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:539 +msgid "" +"See the :meth:`Snapshot.statistics` method for *key_type* and *cumulative* " +"parameters." +msgstr "请参阅 :meth:`Snapshot.statistics` 方法了解 *key_type* 和 *cumulative* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:542 +msgid "" +"The result is sorted from the biggest to the smallest by: absolute value of " +":attr:`StatisticDiff.size_diff`, :attr:`StatisticDiff.size`, absolute value " +"of :attr:`StatisticDiff.count_diff`, :attr:`Statistic.count` and then by " +":attr:`StatisticDiff.traceback`." +msgstr "" +"结果将按以下值从大到小排序: :attr:`StatisticDiff.size_diff` 的绝对值, " +":attr:`StatisticDiff.size`, :attr:`StatisticDiff.count_diff` 的绝对值, " +":attr:`Statistic.count` 然后是 :attr:`StatisticDiff.traceback`。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:550 +msgid "Write the snapshot into a file." +msgstr "将快照写入文件" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:552 +msgid "Use :meth:`load` to reload the snapshot." +msgstr "使用 :meth:`load` 重载快照。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`Snapshot` instance with a filtered :attr:`traces` " +"sequence, *filters* is a list of :class:`DomainFilter` and :class:`Filter` " +"instances. If *filters* is an empty list, return a new :class:`Snapshot` " +"instance with a copy of the traces." +msgstr "" +"使用已过滤的 :attr:`traces` 序列新建一个 :class:`Snapshot` 实例，*filters* 是 " +":class:`DomainFilter` 和 :class:`Filter` 实例的列表。 如果 *filters* " +"为空列表，则返回一个包含追踪的副本的新的 :class:`Snapshot` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:562 +msgid "" +"All inclusive filters are applied at once, a trace is ignored if no " +"inclusive filters match it. A trace is ignored if at least one exclusive " +"filter matches it." +msgstr "包括的所有过滤器将同时被应用，一个追踪如果没有任何包括的过滤器与其匹配则会被忽略。 一个追踪如果有至少一个排除的过滤器与其匹配将会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:566 +msgid ":class:`DomainFilter` instances are now also accepted in *filters*." +msgstr ":class:`DomainFilter` 实例现在同样被 *filters* 所接受。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:572 +msgid "Load a snapshot from a file." +msgstr "从文件载入快照。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:574 +msgid "See also :meth:`dump`." +msgstr "另见 :meth:`dump`." + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:579 +msgid "" +"Get statistics as a sorted list of :class:`Statistic` instances grouped by " +"*key_type*:" +msgstr "获取 :class:`Statistic` 信息列表，按 *key_type* 分组排序：" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:583 +msgid "key_type" +msgstr "key_type" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:583 +msgid "description" +msgstr "description" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:585 +msgid "``'filename'``" +msgstr "``'filename'``" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:585 +msgid "filename" +msgstr "文件名" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:586 +msgid "``'lineno'``" +msgstr "``'lineno'``" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:586 +msgid "filename and line number" +msgstr "文件名和行号" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:587 +msgid "``'traceback'``" +msgstr "``'traceback'``" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:587 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "回溯" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:590 +msgid "" +"If *cumulative* is ``True``, cumulate size and count of memory blocks of all" +" frames of the traceback of a trace, not only the most recent frame. The " +"cumulative mode can only be used with *key_type* equals to ``'filename'`` " +"and ``'lineno'``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *cumulative* 为 ``True``，则累积一个追踪的回溯的所有帧的内存块的大小和数量，而不只是最近的帧。 累积模式只能在 " +"*key_type* 等于 ``'filename'`` 和 ``'lineno'`` 的情况下使用。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:595 +msgid "" +"The result is sorted from the biggest to the smallest by: " +":attr:`Statistic.size`, :attr:`Statistic.count` and then by " +":attr:`Statistic.traceback`." +msgstr "" +"结果将按以下值从大到小排序: :attr:`Statistic.size`, :attr:`Statistic.count` 然后是 " +":attr:`Statistic.traceback`。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:602 +msgid "" +"Maximum number of frames stored in the traceback of :attr:`traces`: result " +"of the :func:`get_traceback_limit` when the snapshot was taken." +msgstr "" +"保存在 :attr:`traces` 的回溯中的帧的最大数量：当快照被保存时 :func:`get_traceback_limit` 的结果。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:607 +msgid "" +"Traces of all memory blocks allocated by Python: sequence of :class:`Trace` " +"instances." +msgstr "由 Python 分配的所有内存块的追踪: :class:`Trace` 实例的序列。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:610 +msgid "" +"The sequence has an undefined order. Use the :meth:`Snapshot.statistics` " +"method to get a sorted list of statistics." +msgstr "该序列的顺序是未定义的。 请使用 :meth:`Snapshot.statistics` 方法来获取统计信息的已排序列表。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:615 +msgid "Statistic" +msgstr "统计" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:619 +msgid "Statistic on memory allocations." +msgstr "统计内存分配" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:621 +msgid "" +":func:`Snapshot.statistics` returns a list of :class:`Statistic` instances." +msgstr ":func:`Snapshot.statistics` 返回 :class:`Statistic` 实例的列表。." + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:623 +msgid "See also the :class:`StatisticDiff` class." +msgstr "参见 :class:`StatisticDiff` 类。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:627 +msgid "Number of memory blocks (``int``)." +msgstr "内存块数（``整形``）。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:631 +msgid "Total size of memory blocks in bytes (``int``)." +msgstr "以字节数表示的内存块总计大小 (``int``)。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:635 ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Traceback where the memory block was allocated, :class:`Traceback` instance." +msgstr "内存块分配位置的回溯，:class:`Traceback` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:640 +msgid "StatisticDiff" +msgstr "StatisticDiff" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Statistic difference on memory allocations between an old and a new " +":class:`Snapshot` instance." +msgstr "在旧的和新的 :class:`Snapshot` 实例之间内存分配上的统计差异。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:647 +msgid "" +":func:`Snapshot.compare_to` returns a list of :class:`StatisticDiff` " +"instances. See also the :class:`Statistic` class." +msgstr "" +":func:`Snapshot.compare_to` 返回一个 :class:`StatisticDiff` 实例的列表。 另请参看 " +":class:`Statistic` 类。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:652 +msgid "" +"Number of memory blocks in the new snapshot (``int``): ``0`` if the memory " +"blocks have been released in the new snapshot." +msgstr "新快照中的内存块数量 (``int``): 如果在新快照中内存块已被释放则为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:657 +msgid "" +"Difference of number of memory blocks between the old and the new snapshots " +"(``int``): ``0`` if the memory blocks have been allocated in the new " +"snapshot." +msgstr "在旧的新的快照之间内存块数量之差 (``int``): 如果在新快照中内存块已被分配则为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:663 +msgid "" +"Total size of memory blocks in bytes in the new snapshot (``int``): ``0`` if" +" the memory blocks have been released in the new snapshot." +msgstr "新快速中以字节数表示的内存块总计大小 (``int``): 如果在新快照中内存块已被释放则为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:668 +msgid "" +"Difference of total size of memory blocks in bytes between the old and the " +"new snapshots (``int``): ``0`` if the memory blocks have been allocated in " +"the new snapshot." +msgstr "在旧的新的快照之间以字节数表示的内存块总计大小之差 (``int``): 如果在新快照中内存块已被分配则为 ``0``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:674 +msgid "" +"Traceback where the memory blocks were allocated, :class:`Traceback` " +"instance." +msgstr "内存块分配位置的回溯，:class:`Traceback` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:679 +msgid "Trace" +msgstr "跟踪" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:683 +msgid "Trace of a memory block." +msgstr "一个内存块的跟踪信息。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:685 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`Snapshot.traces` attribute is a sequence of :class:`Trace` " +"instances." +msgstr ":attr:`Snapshot.traces` 属性是一个 :class:`Trace` 实例的序列。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:700 +msgid "Size of the memory block in bytes (``int``)." +msgstr "以字节数表示的内存块大小 (``int``)。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:709 +msgid "Traceback" +msgstr "回溯" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:713 +msgid "" +"Sequence of :class:`Frame` instances sorted from the oldest frame to the " +"most recent frame." +msgstr ":class:`Frame` 实例的序列将按从最旧的帧到最新的帧排序。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:716 +msgid "" +"A traceback contains at least ``1`` frame. If the ``tracemalloc`` module " +"failed to get a frame, the filename ``\"\"`` at line number ``0`` " +"is used." +msgstr "" +"一个回溯包含至少 ``1`` 个帧。 如果 ``tracemalloc`` 模块无法获取帧，则会使用文件名 ``\"\"`` 和行号 " +"``0``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:720 +msgid "" +"When a snapshot is taken, tracebacks of traces are limited to " +":func:`get_traceback_limit` frames. See the :func:`take_snapshot` function. " +"The original number of frames of the traceback is stored in the " +":attr:`Traceback.total_nframe` attribute. That allows to know if a traceback" +" has been truncated by the traceback limit." +msgstr "" +"当保存一个快照时，追踪的回溯被限制为 :func:`get_traceback_limit` 个帧。 参见 :func:`take_snapshot` " +"函数。 回溯的原始帧数存放在 :attr:`Traceback.total_nframe` 属性中。 这可以让人了解一个回溯是否因回溯限制而被截断。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:726 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`Trace.traceback` attribute is an instance of :class:`Traceback` " +"instance." +msgstr ":attr:`Trace.traceback` 属性是一个 :class:`Traceback` 对象的实例。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Frames are now sorted from the oldest to the most recent, instead of most " +"recent to oldest." +msgstr "现在帧的排序是从最旧到最新，而不是从最新到最旧。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:734 +msgid "" +"Total number of frames that composed the traceback before truncation. This " +"attribute can be set to ``None`` if the information is not available." +msgstr "在截断之前组成回溯的总帧数。 如果此信息不可用则该属性可被设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:738 +msgid "The :attr:`Traceback.total_nframe` attribute was added." +msgstr "增加了 :attr:`Traceback.total_nframe` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:743 +msgid "" +"Format the traceback as a list of lines. Use the :mod:`linecache` module to " +"retrieve lines from the source code. If *limit* is set, format the *limit* " +"most recent frames if *limit* is positive. Otherwise, format the " +"``abs(limit)`` oldest frames. If *most_recent_first* is ``True``, the order " +"of the formatted frames is reversed, returning the most recent frame first " +"instead of last." +msgstr "" +"将回溯格式化为由行组成的列表。 使用 :mod:`linecache` 模块从源代码提取行。 如果设置了 *limit*，则当 *limit* " +"为正值时将格式化 *limit* 个最新的帧。 在其他情况下，则格式化 ``abs(limit)`` 个最新的帧。 如果 " +"*most_recent_first* 为 ``True``，则将反转已格式化帧的顺序，首先返回最新的帧而不是最旧的。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:750 +msgid "" +"Similar to the :func:`traceback.format_tb` function, except that " +":meth:`.format` does not include newlines." +msgstr "类似于 :func:`traceback.format_tb` 函数，不同之处是 :meth:`.format` 不包括换行符。" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:753 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:755 +msgid "" +"print(\"Traceback (most recent call first):\")\n" +"for line in traceback:\n" +" print(line)" +msgstr "" +"print(\"Traceback (most recent call first):\")\n" +"for line in traceback:\n" +" print(line)" + +#: ../../library/tracemalloc.rst:761 +msgid "" +"Traceback (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"test.py\", line 9\n" +" obj = Object()\n" +" File \"test.py\", line 12\n" +" tb = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(f())" +msgstr "" +"Traceback (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"test.py\", line 9\n" +" obj = Object()\n" +" File \"test.py\", line 12\n" +" tb = tracemalloc.get_object_traceback(f())" diff --git a/library/tty.po b/library/tty.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f76870b61 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/tty.po @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!tty` --- Terminal control functions" +msgstr ":mod:`!tty` --- 终端控制函数" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tty.py`" +msgstr "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/tty.py`" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tty` module defines functions for putting the tty into cbreak and " +"raw modes." +msgstr ":mod:`tty` 模块定义了将 tty 放入 cbreak 和 raw 模式的函数。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:18 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Because it requires the :mod:`termios` module, it will work only on Unix." +msgstr "因为它需要 :mod:`termios` 模块，所以只能在 Unix 上运行。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:22 +msgid "The :mod:`tty` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`tty` 模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Convert the tty attribute list *mode*, which is a list like the one returned" +" by :func:`termios.tcgetattr`, to that of a tty in raw mode." +msgstr "" +"操作 tty 属性列表 *mode*，它是一个与 :func:`termios.tcgetattr` 的返回值类似的列表，将其转换为原始模式 tty " +"的属性列表。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Convert the tty attribute list *mode*, which is a list like the one returned" +" by :func:`termios.tcgetattr`, to that of a tty in cbreak mode." +msgstr "" +"操作 tty 属性列表 *mode*，它是一个与 :func:`termios.tcgetattr` 的返回值类似的列表，将其转换为 cbreak " +"模式的 tty 的属性列表。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:38 +msgid "" +"This clears the ``ECHO`` and ``ICANON`` local mode flags in *mode* as well " +"as setting the minimum input to 1 byte with no delay." +msgstr "这将清除 *mode* 中的 ``ECHO`` 和 ``ICANON`` 本地模式旗标并将最小输入设为 1 字节且无延迟。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:43 +msgid "" +"The ``ICRNL`` flag is no longer cleared. This matches Linux and macOS ``stty" +" cbreak`` behavior and what :func:`setcbreak` historically did." +msgstr "" +"``ICRNL`` 旗标将不再被清除。 这与 Linux 和 macOS 的 ``stty cbreak`` 行为以及 " +":func:`setcbreak` 在历史上所做的相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Change the mode of the file descriptor *fd* to raw. If *when* is omitted, it" +" defaults to :const:`termios.TCSAFLUSH`, and is passed to " +":func:`termios.tcsetattr`. The return value of :func:`termios.tcgetattr` is " +"saved before setting *fd* to raw mode; this value is returned." +msgstr "" +"将文件描述符 *fd* 的模式改为 raw。 如果 *when* 被省略，它将默认为 :const:`termios.TCSAFLUSH`，并将被传给 " +":func:`termios.tcsetattr`。 :func:`termios.tcgetattr` 的返回值在将 *fd* 设为 raw " +"模式前会被保存；该值将被返回。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:55 ../../library/tty.rst:69 +msgid "" +"The return value is now the original tty attributes, instead of ``None``." +msgstr "现在返回值就是原本的 tty 属性，而不是 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Change the mode of file descriptor *fd* to cbreak. If *when* is omitted, it " +"defaults to :const:`termios.TCSAFLUSH`, and is passed to " +":func:`termios.tcsetattr`. The return value of :func:`termios.tcgetattr` is " +"saved before setting *fd* to cbreak mode; this value is returned." +msgstr "" +"将文件描述符 *fd* 的模式改为 cbreak。 如果 *when* 被省略，它将默认为 " +":const:`termios.TCSAFLUSH`，并将被传给 :func:`termios.tcsetattr`。 " +":func:`termios.tcgetattr` 的返回值在将 *fd* 设为 cbreak 模式前会被保存；该值将被返回。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:66 +msgid "" +"This clears the ``ECHO`` and ``ICANON`` local mode flags as well as setting " +"the minimum input to 1 byte with no delay." +msgstr "这将清除 ``ECHO`` 和 ``ICANON`` 本地模式旗标并将最小输入设为 1 字节且无延迟。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:72 +msgid "" +"The ``ICRNL`` flag is no longer cleared. This restores the behavior of " +"Python 3.11 and earlier as well as matching what Linux, macOS, & BSDs " +"describe in their ``stty(1)`` man pages regarding cbreak mode." +msgstr "" +"``ICRNL`` 旗标将不再被清除。 这恢复了 Python 3.11 及更早版本的行为并与 Linux, macOS 和BSD 在它们的 " +"``stty(1)`` 指南页对于 cbreak 模式的描述相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:80 +msgid "Module :mod:`termios`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`termios`" + +#: ../../library/tty.rst:81 +msgid "Low-level terminal control interface." +msgstr "低级终端控制接口。" diff --git a/library/turtle.po b/library/turtle.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e06e3a1a --- /dev/null +++ b/library/turtle.po @@ -0,0 +1,4487 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# sgqy , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# stone jing , 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:3 +msgid ":mod:`turtle` --- Turtle graphics" +msgstr ":mod:`turtle` --- 海龟绘图" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/turtle.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/turtle.py`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:20 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Turtle graphics is an implementation of `the popular geometric drawing tools" +" introduced in Logo `_, " +"developed by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon in 1967." +msgstr "" +"海龟绘图是对 `最早在 Logo 中引入的受欢迎的几何绘图工具 `_ 的实现，它由 Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert 和 Cynthia Solomon 在 1967 " +"年开发。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:29 +msgid "Get started" +msgstr "入门" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an " +"``import turtle``, give it the command ``turtle.forward(15)``, and it moves " +"(on-screen!) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it " +"moves. Give it the command ``turtle.right(25)``, and it rotates in-place 25" +" degrees clockwise." +msgstr "" +"请想象绘图区有一只机器海龟，起始位置在 x-y 平面的 (0, 0) 点。先执行 ``import turtle``，再执行 " +"``turtle.forward(15)``，它将(在屏幕上)朝所面对的 x 轴正方向前进 15 像素，随着它的移动画出一条线段。再执行 " +"``turtle.right(25)``，它将原地右转 25 度。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Turtle can draw intricate shapes using programs that repeat simple moves." +msgstr "使用海龟绘图可以编写重复执行简单动作的程序画出精细复杂的形状。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:44 +msgid "" +"In Python, turtle graphics provides a representation of a physical " +"\"turtle\" (a little robot with a pen) that draws on a sheet of paper on the" +" floor." +msgstr "在 Python 中，海龟绘图提供了一个实体“海龟”形象（带有画笔的小机器动物），假定它在地板上平铺的纸张上画线。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:47 +msgid "" +"It's an effective and well-proven way for learners to encounter programming " +"concepts and interaction with software, as it provides instant, visible " +"feedback. It also provides convenient access to graphical output in general." +msgstr "对于学习者来说这是一种接触编程概念和与软件交互的高效且久经验证的方式，因为它能提供即时、可见的反馈。 它还能提供方便直观的图形输出。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Turtle drawing was originally created as an educational tool, to be used by " +"teachers in the classroom. For the programmer who needs to produce some " +"graphical output it can be a way to do that without the overhead of " +"introducing more complex or external libraries into their work." +msgstr "" +"海龟绘图最初是作为一种教学工具被创建的，供教师在课堂上使用。 对于需要生成一些图形输出的程序员来说这是一种无需在工作中引入更高复杂度或外部库的方式。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:61 +msgid "Tutorial" +msgstr "教程" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:63 +msgid "" +"New users should start here. In this tutorial we'll explore some of the " +"basics of turtle drawing." +msgstr "新用户应当从这里开始。 在本教程中我们将探索海龟绘图的一些基本知识。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:68 +msgid "Starting a turtle environment" +msgstr "启动海龟环境" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:70 +msgid "In a Python shell, import all the objects of the ``turtle`` module::" +msgstr "在 Python shell 中，导入 ``turtle`` 模块的所有对象::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:72 +msgid "from turtle import *" +msgstr "from turtle import *" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:74 +msgid "" +"If you run into a ``No module named '_tkinter'`` error, you'll have to " +"install the :mod:`Tk interface package ` on your system." +msgstr "" +"如果你遇到了 ``No module named '_tkinter'`` 错误，则需要在你的系统中安装 :mod:`Tk 接口包 " +"`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:79 +msgid "Basic drawing" +msgstr "基本绘图" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:81 +msgid "Send the turtle forward 100 steps::" +msgstr "让海龟前进 100 步::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:83 +msgid "forward(100)" +msgstr "forward(100)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:85 +msgid "" +"You should see (most likely, in a new window on your display) a line drawn " +"by the turtle, heading East. Change the direction of the turtle, so that it " +"turns 120 degrees left (anti-clockwise)::" +msgstr "" +"你应该会看到（最可能的情况，是在你的显示器的一个新窗口中）海龟画出一条线段，方向朝东。 改变海龟的方向，让它向左转 120 度（逆时针）::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:89 +msgid "left(120)" +msgstr "left(120)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:91 +msgid "Let's continue by drawing a triangle::" +msgstr "让我们继续画一个三角形::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:93 +msgid "" +"forward(100)\n" +"left(120)\n" +"forward(100)" +msgstr "" +"forward(100)\n" +"left(120)\n" +"forward(100)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Notice how the turtle, represented by an arrow, points in different " +"directions as you steer it." +msgstr "注意以一个箭头表示的海龟是如何随着你的操纵指向不同方向的。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Experiment with those commands, and also with ``backward()`` and " +"``right()``." +msgstr "请继续尝试这些命令，还可以使用 ``backward()`` 和 ``right()``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:105 ../../library/turtle.rst:334 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1024 +msgid "Pen control" +msgstr "画笔控制" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:107 +msgid "" +"Try changing the color - for example, ``color('blue')`` - and width of the " +"line - for example, ``width(3)`` - and then drawing again." +msgstr "试着改变颜色 —— 例如，``color('blue')`` 和线宽 —— 例如，``width(3)`` 然后再次绘制。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:110 +msgid "" +"You can also move the turtle around without drawing, by lifting up the pen: " +"``up()`` before moving. To start drawing again, use ``down()``." +msgstr "您也可以在不绘制线条的情况下移动海龟，即在移动前抬起画笔: ``up()``。 要重新开始绘制，请使用 ``down()``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:115 +msgid "The turtle's position" +msgstr "海龟的位置" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Send your turtle back to its starting-point (useful if it has disappeared " +"off-screen)::" +msgstr "将海龟送回起点（这适用于海龟消失在屏幕之外的情况）::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:120 +msgid "home()" +msgstr "home()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:122 +msgid "" +"The home position is at the center of the turtle's screen. If you ever need " +"to know them, get the turtle's x-y coordinates with::" +msgstr "初始位置在海龟屏幕的中心。 如果你需要知道具体数值，可以这样获取海龟的 x-y 坐标::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:125 +msgid "pos()" +msgstr "pos()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:127 +msgid "Home is at ``(0, 0)``." +msgstr "初始点在 ``(0, 0)``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:129 +msgid "" +"And after a while, it will probably help to clear the window so we can start" +" anew::" +msgstr "过一段时间后，也许可以考虑清空窗口这样我们就可以重新开始::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:132 +msgid "clearscreen()" +msgstr "clearscreen()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:136 +msgid "Making algorithmic patterns" +msgstr "使用算法绘制图案" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:138 +msgid "Using loops, it's possible to build up geometric patterns::" +msgstr "使用循环，可以构建出各种几何图案::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:140 +msgid "" +"for steps in range(100):\n" +" for c in ('blue', 'red', 'green'):\n" +" color(c)\n" +" forward(steps)\n" +" right(30)" +msgstr "" +"for steps in range(100):\n" +" for c in ('blue', 'red', 'green'):\n" +" color(c)\n" +" forward(steps)\n" +" right(30)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:147 +msgid "\\ - which of course, are limited only by the imagination!" +msgstr "\\ - 当然，这仅受限于你的想象力！" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Let's draw the star shape at the top of this page. We want red lines, filled" +" in with yellow::" +msgstr "让我们绘制本页面顶部的星形。 我们想要用红色线条，黄色填充::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:152 +msgid "" +"color('red')\n" +"fillcolor('yellow')" +msgstr "" +"color('red')\n" +"fillcolor('yellow')" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Just as ``up()`` and ``down()`` determine whether lines will be drawn, " +"filling can be turned on and off::" +msgstr "就像用 ``up()`` 和 ``down()`` 决定是否画线一样，填充也可以打开或关闭::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:158 +msgid "begin_fill()" +msgstr "begin_fill()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:160 +msgid "Next we'll create a loop::" +msgstr "接下来我们将创建一个循环::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:162 +msgid "" +"while True:\n" +" forward(200)\n" +" left(170)\n" +" if abs(pos()) < 1:\n" +" break" +msgstr "" +"while True:\n" +" forward(200)\n" +" left(170)\n" +" if abs(pos()) < 1:\n" +" break" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:168 +msgid "" +"``abs(pos()) < 1`` is a good way to know when the turtle is back at its home" +" position." +msgstr "``abs(pos()) < 1`` 是确定海龟何时回到初始点的好办法。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:171 +msgid "Finally, complete the filling::" +msgstr "最后，完成填充::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:173 +msgid "end_fill()" +msgstr "end_fill()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:175 +msgid "" +"(Note that filling only actually takes place when you give the " +"``end_fill()`` command.)" +msgstr "（请注意只有在你给出 ``end_fill()`` 命令时才会实际进行填充。）" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:182 +msgid "How to..." +msgstr "如何..." + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:184 +msgid "This section covers some typical turtle use-cases and approaches." +msgstr "本节介绍一些典型的海龟使用案例和操作方式。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:188 +msgid "Get started as quickly as possible" +msgstr "尽快地开始" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:190 +msgid "" +"One of the joys of turtle graphics is the immediate, visual feedback that's " +"available from simple commands - it's an excellent way to introduce children" +" to programming ideas, with a minimum of overhead (not just children, of " +"course)." +msgstr "" +"海龟绘图形的乐趣之一在于通过简单的命令就能获得即时的视觉反馈 —— 这是一种向儿童介绍编程理念的绝佳方式，而且开销最小（当然，不仅适用于儿童）。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The turtle module makes this possible by exposing all its basic " +"functionality as functions, available with ``from turtle import *``. The " +":ref:`turtle graphics tutorial ` covers this approach." +msgstr "" +"海龟模块将其所有基本功能作为函数公开，并通过 ``from turtle import *`` 提供使这一切成为可能。 :ref:`海龟绘图教程 " +"` 介绍了相关的步骤。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:199 +msgid "" +"It's worth noting that many of the turtle commands also have even more terse" +" equivalents, such as ``fd()`` for :func:`forward`. These are especially " +"useful when working with learners for whom typing is not a skill." +msgstr "" +"值得注意的是许多海乌命令还有更简洁的等价形式，例如 ``fd()`` 对应 :func:`forward`。 对于不擅长打字的学习者来说这尤其有用。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:205 +msgid "" +"You'll need to have the :mod:`Tk interface package ` installed on " +"your system for turtle graphics to work. Be warned that this is not always " +"straightforward, so check this in advance if you're planning to use turtle " +"graphics with a learner." +msgstr "" +"你需要在系统中安装 :mod:`Tk 接口软件包 `，才能使用海龟绘图。 " +"请注意这并不总是很容易做到的，所以如果你打算让学习者使用海龟绘图请事先检查这一点。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:212 +msgid "Use the ``turtle`` module namespace" +msgstr "使用 ``turtle`` 模块命名空间" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Using ``from turtle import *`` is convenient - but be warned that it imports" +" a rather large collection of objects, and if you're doing anything but " +"turtle graphics you run the risk of a name conflict (this becomes even more " +"an issue if you're using turtle graphics in a script where other modules " +"might be imported)." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``from turtle import *`` 是很方便 —— " +"但要注意它导入的对象集相当大，如果你还在做海龟绘图以外的事情就有发生名称冲突的风险（如果你在可能导入了其他模块的脚本中使用海龟绘图则可能会遇到更大的问题）。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:220 +msgid "" +"The solution is to use ``import turtle`` - ``fd()`` becomes ``turtle.fd()``," +" ``width()`` becomes ``turtle.width()`` and so on. (If typing \"turtle\" " +"over and over again becomes tedious, use for example ``import turtle as t`` " +"instead.)" +msgstr "" +"解决办法是使用 ``import turtle`` —— ``fd()`` 将变成 ``turtle.fd()``，``width()`` 将变成 " +"``turtle.width()`` 等等。 （如果反复输入“turtle”太过烦琐，还可改成 ``import turtle as t`` 等。）" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:227 +msgid "Use turtle graphics in a script" +msgstr "在脚本中使用海龟绘图" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:229 +msgid "" +"It's recommended to use the ``turtle`` module namespace as described " +"immediately above, for example::" +msgstr "建议使用上文所述的 ``turtle`` 模块命名空间，例如::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:232 +msgid "" +"import turtle as t\n" +"from random import random\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(100):\n" +" steps = int(random() * 100)\n" +" angle = int(random() * 360)\n" +" t.right(angle)\n" +" t.fd(steps)" +msgstr "" +"import turtle as t\n" +"from random import random\n" +"\n" +"for i in range(100):\n" +" steps = int(random() * 100)\n" +" angle = int(random() * 360)\n" +" t.right(angle)\n" +" t.fd(steps)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:241 +msgid "" +"Another step is also required though - as soon as the script ends, Python " +"will also close the turtle's window. Add::" +msgstr "但还需要另一个步骤 —— 因为一旦脚本结束，Python 将会同时关闭海龟的窗口。 请添加::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:244 +msgid "t.mainloop()" +msgstr "t.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:246 +msgid "" +"to the end of the script. The script will now wait to be dismissed and will " +"not exit until it is terminated, for example by closing the turtle graphics " +"window." +msgstr "到脚本的末尾。 现在脚本将等待被关闭而不会自动退出直到被主动终止，例如海龟绘图窗口被关闭。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:252 +msgid "Use object-oriented turtle graphics" +msgstr "使用面向对象的海龟绘图" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:254 +msgid "" +":ref:`Explanation of the object-oriented interface `" +msgstr ":ref:`面向对象接口说明 `" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Other than for very basic introductory purposes, or for trying things out as" +" quickly as possible, it's more usual and much more powerful to use the " +"object-oriented approach to turtle graphics. For example, this allows " +"multiple turtles on screen at once." +msgstr "除了非常基本的入门目的，或是尽快尝试操作之外，使用面向对象的方式进行海龟绘图更为常见也更为强大。 例如，这将允许屏幕上同时存在多只海龟。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:261 +msgid "" +"In this approach, the various turtle commands are methods of objects (mostly" +" of ``Turtle`` objects). You *can* use the object-oriented approach in the " +"shell, but it would be more typical in a Python script." +msgstr "" +"在这种方式下，各种海龟命令都是对象（主要是 ``Turtle`` 对象）的方法。 你 *可以* 在 shell 中使用面向对象的方法，但在 Python" +" 脚本中使用是更为典型的做法。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:265 +msgid "The example above then becomes::" +msgstr "这样上面的例子就将变成::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:267 +msgid "" +"from turtle import Turtle\n" +"from random import random\n" +"\n" +"t = Turtle()\n" +"for i in range(100):\n" +" steps = int(random() * 100)\n" +" angle = int(random() * 360)\n" +" t.right(angle)\n" +" t.fd(steps)\n" +"\n" +"t.screen.mainloop()" +msgstr "" +"from turtle import Turtle\n" +"from random import random\n" +"\n" +"t = Turtle()\n" +"for i in range(100):\n" +" steps = int(random() * 100)\n" +" angle = int(random() * 360)\n" +" t.right(angle)\n" +" t.fd(steps)\n" +"\n" +"t.screen.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Note the last line. ``t.screen`` is an instance of the :class:`Screen` that " +"a Turtle instance exists on; it's created automatically along with the " +"turtle." +msgstr "" +"请注意最后一行。 ``t.screen`` 是 Turtle 实例所在的 :class:`Screen` 的实例；它是与海龟一起自动创建的。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:283 +msgid "The turtle's screen can be customised, for example::" +msgstr "海龟的屏幕可以被自定义，例如::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:285 +msgid "" +"t.screen.title('Object-oriented turtle demo')\n" +"t.screen.bgcolor(\"orange\")" +msgstr "" +"t.screen.title('Object-oriented turtle demo')\n" +"t.screen.bgcolor(\"orange\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:290 +msgid "Turtle graphics reference" +msgstr "海龟绘图参考" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:294 +msgid "" +"In the following documentation the argument list for functions is given. " +"Methods, of course, have the additional first argument *self* which is " +"omitted here." +msgstr "以下文档给出了函数的参数列表。对于方法来说当然还有额外的第一个参数 *self*，这里省略了。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:300 +msgid "Turtle methods" +msgstr "Turtle 方法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:302 ../../library/turtle.rst:441 +msgid "Turtle motion" +msgstr "海龟动作" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:303 +msgid "Move and draw" +msgstr "移动和绘制" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`forward` | :func:`fd`" +msgstr ":func:`forward` | :func:`fd` 前进" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`backward` | :func:`bk` | :func:`back`" +msgstr ":func:`backward` | :func:`bk` | :func:`back` 后退" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`right` | :func:`rt`" +msgstr ":func:`right` | :func:`rt` 右转" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`left` | :func:`lt`" +msgstr ":func:`left` | :func:`lt` 左转" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`goto` | :func:`setpos` | :func:`setposition`" +msgstr ":func:`goto` | :func:`setpos` | :func:`setposition` 前往/定位" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`teleport`" +msgstr ":func:`teleport`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`setx`" +msgstr ":func:`setx` 设置x坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`sety`" +msgstr ":func:`sety` 设置y坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`setheading` | :func:`seth`" +msgstr ":func:`setheading` | :func:`seth` 设置朝向" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`home`" +msgstr ":func:`home` 返回原点" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 ../../library/turtle.rst:2709 +msgid ":func:`circle`" +msgstr ":func:`circle` 画圆" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`dot`" +msgstr ":func:`dot` 画点" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 ../../library/turtle.rst:2687 +msgid ":func:`stamp`" +msgstr ":func:`stamp` 印章" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`clearstamp`" +msgstr ":func:`clearstamp` 清除印章" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`clearstamps`" +msgstr ":func:`clearstamps` 清除多个印章" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`undo`" +msgstr ":func:`undo` 撤消" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`speed`" +msgstr ":func:`speed` 速度" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:322 ../../library/turtle.rst:873 +msgid "Tell Turtle's state" +msgstr "获取海龟的状态" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`position` | :func:`pos`" +msgstr ":func:`position` | :func:`pos` 位置" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`towards`" +msgstr ":func:`towards` 目标方向" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`xcor`" +msgstr ":func:`xcor` x坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`ycor`" +msgstr ":func:`ycor` y坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`heading`" +msgstr ":func:`heading` 朝向" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`distance`" +msgstr ":func:`distance` 距离" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:330 +msgid "Setting and measurement" +msgstr "设置与度量单位" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`degrees`" +msgstr ":func:`degrees` 角度" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`radians`" +msgstr ":func:`radians` 弧度" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:335 ../../library/turtle.rst:1027 +msgid "Drawing state" +msgstr "绘图状态" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`pendown` | :func:`pd` | :func:`down`" +msgstr ":func:`pendown` | :func:`pd` | :func:`down` 画笔落下" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`penup` | :func:`pu` | :func:`up`" +msgstr ":func:`penup` | :func:`pu` | :func:`up` 画笔抬起" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`pensize` | :func:`width`" +msgstr ":func:`pensize` | :func:`width` 画笔粗细" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`pen`" +msgstr ":func:`pen` 画笔" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`isdown`" +msgstr ":func:`isdown` 画笔是否落下" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:342 ../../library/turtle.rst:1119 +msgid "Color control" +msgstr "颜色控制" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`color`" +msgstr ":func:`color` 颜色" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`pencolor`" +msgstr ":func:`pencolor` 画笔颜色" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`fillcolor`" +msgstr ":func:`fillcolor` 填充颜色" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:347 ../../library/turtle.rst:1251 +msgid "Filling" +msgstr "填充" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`filling`" +msgstr ":func:`filling` 是否填充" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`begin_fill`" +msgstr ":func:`begin_fill` 开始填充" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`end_fill`" +msgstr ":func:`end_fill` 结束填充" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:352 ../../library/turtle.rst:1298 +msgid "More drawing control" +msgstr "更多绘图控制" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`reset`" +msgstr ":func:`reset` 重置" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`clear`" +msgstr ":func:`clear` 清空" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`write`" +msgstr ":func:`write` 书写" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:357 ../../library/turtle.rst:1344 +msgid "Turtle state" +msgstr "海龟状态" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:358 ../../library/turtle.rst:1347 +msgid "Visibility" +msgstr "可见性" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`showturtle` | :func:`st`" +msgstr ":func:`showturtle` | :func:`st` 显示海龟" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`hideturtle` | :func:`ht`" +msgstr ":func:`hideturtle` | :func:`ht` 隐藏海龟" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`isvisible`" +msgstr ":func:`isvisible` 是否可见" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:363 ../../library/turtle.rst:1386 +msgid "Appearance" +msgstr "外观" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`shape`" +msgstr ":func:`shape` 形状" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`resizemode`" +msgstr ":func:`resizemode` 大小调整模式" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`shapesize` | :func:`turtlesize`" +msgstr ":func:`shapesize` | :func:`turtlesize` 形状大小" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`shearfactor`" +msgstr ":func:`shearfactor` 剪切因子" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`tiltangle`" +msgstr ":func:`tiltangle` 倾角" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`tilt`" +msgstr ":func:`tilt` 倾斜" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`shapetransform`" +msgstr ":func:`shapetransform` 变形" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`get_shapepoly`" +msgstr ":func:`get_shapepoly` 获取形状多边形" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:373 ../../library/turtle.rst:1569 +msgid "Using events" +msgstr "使用事件" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 ../../library/turtle.rst:2681 +msgid ":func:`onclick`" +msgstr ":func:`onclick` 当鼠标点击" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`onrelease`" +msgstr ":func:`onrelease` 当鼠标释放" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 ../../library/turtle.rst:2664 +msgid ":func:`ondrag`" +msgstr ":func:`ondrag` 当鼠标拖动" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:378 ../../library/turtle.rst:1643 +msgid "Special Turtle methods" +msgstr "特殊海龟方法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`begin_poly`" +msgstr ":func:`begin_poly` 开始记录多边形" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`end_poly`" +msgstr ":func:`end_poly` 结束记录多边形" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`get_poly`" +msgstr ":func:`get_poly` 获取多边形" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 ../../library/turtle.rst:2703 +msgid ":func:`clone`" +msgstr ":func:`clone` 克隆" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`getturtle` | :func:`getpen`" +msgstr ":func:`getturtle` | :func:`getpen` 获取海龟画笔" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`getscreen`" +msgstr ":func:`getscreen` 获取屏幕" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`setundobuffer`" +msgstr ":func:`setundobuffer` 设置撤消缓冲区" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`undobufferentries`" +msgstr ":func:`undobufferentries` 撤消缓冲区条目数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:390 +msgid "Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen" +msgstr "TurtleScreen/Screen 方法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:392 ../../library/turtle.rst:1797 +msgid "Window control" +msgstr "窗口控制" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`bgcolor`" +msgstr ":func:`bgcolor` 背景颜色" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`bgpic`" +msgstr ":func:`bgpic` 背景图片" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`clearscreen`" +msgstr ":func:`clearscreen`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`resetscreen`" +msgstr ":func:`resetscreen`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`screensize`" +msgstr ":func:`screensize` 屏幕大小" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`setworldcoordinates`" +msgstr ":func:`setworldcoordinates` 设置世界坐标系" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:400 ../../library/turtle.rst:1920 +msgid "Animation control" +msgstr "动画控制" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`delay`" +msgstr ":func:`delay` 延迟" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`tracer`" +msgstr ":func:`tracer` 追踪" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`update`" +msgstr ":func:`update` 更新" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:405 ../../library/turtle.rst:1973 +msgid "Using screen events" +msgstr "使用屏幕事件" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`listen`" +msgstr ":func:`listen` 监听" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`onkey` | :func:`onkeyrelease`" +msgstr ":func:`onkey` | :func:`onkeyrelease` 当键盘按下并释放" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`onkeypress`" +msgstr ":func:`onkeypress` 当键盘按下" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`onclick` | :func:`onscreenclick`" +msgstr ":func:`onclick` | :func:`onscreenclick` 当点击屏幕" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`ontimer`" +msgstr ":func:`ontimer` 当达到定时" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`mainloop` | :func:`done`" +msgstr ":func:`mainloop` | :func:`done` 主循环" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:413 ../../library/turtle.rst:2118 +msgid "Settings and special methods" +msgstr "设置与特殊方法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`mode`" +msgstr ":func:`mode`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`colormode`" +msgstr ":func:`colormode` 颜色模式" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`getcanvas`" +msgstr ":func:`getcanvas` 获取画布" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`getshapes`" +msgstr ":func:`getshapes` 获取形状" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`register_shape` | :func:`addshape`" +msgstr ":func:`register_shape` | :func:`addshape` 添加形状" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`turtles`" +msgstr ":func:`turtles` 所有海龟" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`window_height`" +msgstr ":func:`window_height` 窗口高度" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`window_width`" +msgstr ":func:`window_width` 窗口宽度" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:423 ../../library/turtle.rst:2082 +msgid "Input methods" +msgstr "输入方法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`textinput`" +msgstr ":func:`textinput` 文本输入" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`numinput`" +msgstr ":func:`numinput` 数字输入" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:427 +msgid "Methods specific to Screen" +msgstr "Screen 专有方法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`bye`" +msgstr ":func:`bye` 退出" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`exitonclick`" +msgstr ":func:`exitonclick` 当点击时退出" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`setup`" +msgstr ":func:`setup` 设置" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid ":func:`title`" +msgstr ":func:`title` 标题" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:435 +msgid "Methods of RawTurtle/Turtle and corresponding functions" +msgstr "RawTurtle/Turtle 方法和对应函数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:437 +msgid "" +"Most of the examples in this section refer to a Turtle instance called " +"``turtle``." +msgstr "本节中的大部分示例都使用 Turtle 类的一个实例，命名为 ``turtle``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:0 +msgid "Parameters" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:446 ../../library/turtle.rst:491 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:516 ../../library/turtle.rst:614 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:637 ../../library/turtle.rst:660 +msgid "a number (integer or float)" +msgstr "一个数值 (整型或浮点型)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:448 +msgid "" +"Move the turtle forward by the specified *distance*, in the direction the " +"turtle is headed." +msgstr "海龟前进 *distance* 指定的距离，方向为海龟的朝向。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:451 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(25)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(25.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(-75)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(-50.00,0.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(25)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(25.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(-75)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(-50.00,0.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:468 ../../library/turtle.rst:710 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:977 ../../library/turtle.rst:1485 +msgid "a number" +msgstr "一个数值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Move the turtle backward by *distance*, opposite to the direction the turtle" +" is headed. Do not change the turtle's heading." +msgstr "海龟后退 *distance* 指定的距离，方向与海龟的朝向相反。不改变海龟的朝向。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:478 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.backward(30)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(-30.00,0.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.backward(30)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(-30.00,0.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Turn turtle right by *angle* units. (Units are by default degrees, but can " +"be set via the :func:`degrees` and :func:`radians` functions.) Angle " +"orientation depends on the turtle mode, see :func:`mode`." +msgstr "" +"海龟右转 *angle* 个单位。(单位默认为角度，但可通过 :func:`degrees` 和 :func:`radians` 函数改变设置。) " +"角度的正负由海龟模式确定，参见 :func:`mode`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:503 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"22.0\n" +">>> turtle.right(45)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"337.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"22.0\n" +">>> turtle.right(45)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"337.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Turn turtle left by *angle* units. (Units are by default degrees, but can " +"be set via the :func:`degrees` and :func:`radians` functions.) Angle " +"orientation depends on the turtle mode, see :func:`mode`." +msgstr "" +"海龟左转 *angle* 个单位。(单位默认为角度，但可通过 :func:`degrees` 和 :func:`radians` 函数改变设置。) " +"角度的正负由海龟模式确定，参见 :func:`mode`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:528 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"22.0\n" +">>> turtle.left(45)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"67.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"22.0\n" +">>> turtle.left(45)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"67.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:542 +msgid "a number or a pair/vector of numbers" +msgstr "一个数值或数值对/向量" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:543 ../../library/turtle.rst:576 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:577 +msgid "a number or ``None``" +msgstr "一个数值或 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:545 +msgid "" +"If *y* is ``None``, *x* must be a pair of coordinates or a :class:`Vec2D` " +"(e.g. as returned by :func:`pos`)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *y* 为 ``None``，*x* 应为一个表示坐标的数值对或 :class:`Vec2D` 类对象 (例如 :func:`pos` " +"返回的对象)." + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:548 +msgid "" +"Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, draw line. Do not" +" change the turtle's orientation." +msgstr "海龟移动到一个绝对坐标。如果画笔已落下将会画线。不改变海龟的朝向。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:557 +msgid "" +">>> tp = turtle.pos()\n" +">>> tp\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setpos(60,30)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(60.00,30.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setpos((20,80))\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(20.00,80.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setpos(tp)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> tp = turtle.pos()\n" +">>> tp\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setpos(60,30)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(60.00,30.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setpos((20,80))\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(20.00,80.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setpos(tp)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:578 +msgid "a boolean" +msgstr "布尔" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:580 +msgid "" +"Move turtle to an absolute position. Unlike goto(x, y), a line will not be " +"drawn. The turtle's orientation does not change. If currently filling, the " +"polygon(s) teleported from will be filled after leaving, and filling will " +"begin again after teleporting. This can be disabled with fill_gap=True, " +"which makes the imaginary line traveled during teleporting act as a fill " +"barrier like in goto(x, y)." +msgstr "" +"将海龟移到某个绝对位置。 不同于 goto(x, y)，这将不会画一条线段。 海龟的方向不变。 " +"如果当前正在填充，离开后原位置上的多边形将被填充，在移位后将再次开始填充。 这可以通过 fill_gap=True " +"来禁用，此设置将使在移位期间海龟的移动轨迹线像在 goto(x, y) 中一样被当作填充边缘。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:593 +msgid "" +">>> tp = turtle.pos()\n" +">>> tp\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.teleport(60)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(60.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.teleport(y=10)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(60.00,10.00)\n" +">>> turtle.teleport(20, 30)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(20.00,30.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> tp = turtle.pos()\n" +">>> tp\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.teleport(60)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(60.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.teleport(y=10)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(60.00,10.00)\n" +">>> turtle.teleport(20, 30)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(20.00,30.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:616 +msgid "" +"Set the turtle's first coordinate to *x*, leave second coordinate unchanged." +msgstr "设置海龟的横坐标为 *x*，纵坐标保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:625 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,240.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setx(10)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(10.00,240.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,240.00)\n" +">>> turtle.setx(10)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(10.00,240.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:639 +msgid "" +"Set the turtle's second coordinate to *y*, leave first coordinate unchanged." +msgstr "设置海龟的纵坐标为 *y*，横坐标保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:647 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,40.00)\n" +">>> turtle.sety(-10)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,-10.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,40.00)\n" +">>> turtle.sety(-10)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,-10.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Set the orientation of the turtle to *to_angle*. Here are some common " +"directions in degrees:" +msgstr "设置海龟的朝向为 *to_angle*。以下是以角度表示的几个常用方向：" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:666 +msgid "standard mode" +msgstr "标准模式" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:666 +msgid "logo mode" +msgstr "logo 模式" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:668 +msgid "0 - east" +msgstr "0 - 东" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:668 +msgid "0 - north" +msgstr "0 - 北" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:669 +msgid "90 - north" +msgstr "90 - 北" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:669 +msgid "90 - east" +msgstr "90 - 东" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:670 +msgid "180 - west" +msgstr "180 - 西" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:670 +msgid "180 - south" +msgstr "180 - 南" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:671 +msgid "270 - south" +msgstr "270 - 南" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:671 +msgid "270 - west" +msgstr "270 - 西" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:674 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.setheading(90)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.setheading(90)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Move turtle to the origin -- coordinates (0,0) -- and set its heading to its" +" start-orientation (which depends on the mode, see :func:`mode`)." +msgstr "海龟移至初始坐标 (0,0)，并设置朝向为初始方向 (由海龟模式确定，参见 :func:`mode`)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:694 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,-10.00)\n" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,-10.00)\n" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:711 +msgid "a number (or ``None``)" +msgstr "一个数值 (或 ``None``)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:712 ../../library/turtle.rst:805 +msgid "an integer (or ``None``)" +msgstr "一个整型数 (或 ``None``)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Draw a circle with given *radius*. The center is *radius* units left of the" +" turtle; *extent* -- an angle -- determines which part of the circle is " +"drawn. If *extent* is not given, draw the entire circle. If *extent* is " +"not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the current pen position. " +"Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction if *radius* is positive, " +"otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally the direction of the turtle is " +"changed by the amount of *extent*." +msgstr "" +"绘制一个 *radius* 指定半径的圆。圆心在海龟左边 *radius* 个单位；*extent* 为一个夹角，用来决定绘制圆的一部分。如未指定 " +"*extent*则绘制整个圆。如果 *extent* 不是完整圆周，则以当前画笔位置为一个端点绘制圆弧。如果 *radius* " +"为正值则朝逆时针方向绘制圆弧，否则朝顺时针方向。最终海龟的朝向会依据 *extent* 的值而改变。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:722 +msgid "" +"As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon, *steps* " +"determines the number of steps to use. If not given, it will be calculated " +"automatically. May be used to draw regular polygons." +msgstr "圆实际是以其内切正多边形来近似表示的，其边的数量由 *steps* 指定。如果未指定边数则会自动确定。此方法也可用来绘制正多边形。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:726 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0\n" +">>> turtle.circle(50)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(-0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0\n" +">>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # draw a semicircle\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,240.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"180.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0\n" +">>> turtle.circle(50)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(-0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0\n" +">>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # 画一个半圆\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,240.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"180.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:748 +msgid "an integer >= 1 (if given)" +msgstr "一个整型数 >= 1 (如果指定)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:749 +msgid "a colorstring or a numeric color tuple" +msgstr "一个颜色字符串或颜色数值元组" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:751 +msgid "" +"Draw a circular dot with diameter *size*, using *color*. If *size* is not " +"given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used." +msgstr "" +"绘制一个直径为 *size*，颜色为 *color* 的圆点。如果 *size* 未指定，则直径取 pensize+4 和 2*pensize " +"中的较大值。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:755 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.dot()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50); turtle.dot(20, \"blue\"); turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(100.00,-0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.dot()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50); turtle.dot(20, \"blue\"); turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(100.00,-0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:769 +msgid "" +"Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current turtle " +"position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be used to delete it " +"by calling ``clearstamp(stamp_id)``." +msgstr "" +"在海龟当前位置印制一个海龟形状。返回该印章的 stamp_id，印章可以通过调用 ``clearstamp(stamp_id)`` 来删除。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:773 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.color(\"blue\")\n" +">>> stamp_id = turtle.stamp()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.color(\"blue\")\n" +">>> stamp_id = turtle.stamp()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:783 +msgid "an integer, must be return value of previous :func:`stamp` call" +msgstr "一个整型数，必须是之前 :func:`stamp` 调用的返回值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:786 +msgid "Delete stamp with given *stampid*." +msgstr "删除 *stampid* 指定的印章。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:788 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(150.00,-0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.color(\"blue\")\n" +">>> astamp = turtle.stamp()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(200.00,-0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamp(astamp)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(200.00,-0.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(150.00,-0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.color(\"blue\")\n" +">>> astamp = turtle.stamp()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(200.00,-0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamp(astamp)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(200.00,-0.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:807 +msgid "" +"Delete all or first/last *n* of turtle's stamps. If *n* is ``None``, delete" +" all stamps, if *n* > 0 delete first *n* stamps, else if *n* < 0 delete last" +" *n* stamps." +msgstr "" +"删除全部或前/后 *n* 个海龟印章。如果 *n* 为 ``None`` 则删除全部印章，如果 *n* > 0 则删除前 *n* 个印章，否则如果 " +"*n* < 0 则删除后 *n* 个印章。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:811 +msgid "" +">>> for i in range(8):\n" +"... unused_stamp_id = turtle.stamp()\n" +"... turtle.fd(30)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamps(2)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamps(-2)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamps()" +msgstr "" +">>> for i in range(8):\n" +"... unused_stamp_id = turtle.stamp()\n" +"... turtle.fd(30)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamps(2)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamps(-2)\n" +">>> turtle.clearstamps()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:823 +msgid "" +"Undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action(s). Number of available undo " +"actions is determined by the size of the undobuffer." +msgstr "撤消 (或连续撤消) 最近的一个 (或多个) 海龟动作。可撤消的次数由撤消缓冲区的大小决定。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:826 +msgid "" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... turtle.fd(50); turtle.lt(80)\n" +"...\n" +">>> for i in range(8):\n" +"... turtle.undo()" +msgstr "" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... turtle.fd(50); turtle.lt(80)\n" +"...\n" +">>> for i in range(8):\n" +"... turtle.undo()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:838 +msgid "an integer in the range 0..10 or a speedstring (see below)" +msgstr "一个 0..10 范围内的整型数或速度字符串 (见下)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:840 +msgid "" +"Set the turtle's speed to an integer value in the range 0..10. If no " +"argument is given, return current speed." +msgstr "设置海龟移动的速度为 0..10 表示的整型数值。如未指定参数则返回当前速度。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:843 +msgid "" +"If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5, speed is set to 0." +" Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues as follows:" +msgstr "如果输入数值大于 10 或小于 0.5 则速度设为 0。速度字符串与速度值的对应关系如下:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:846 +msgid "\"fastest\": 0" +msgstr "\"fastest\": 0 最快" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:847 +msgid "\"fast\": 10" +msgstr "\"fast\": 10 快" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:848 +msgid "\"normal\": 6" +msgstr "\"normal\": 6 正常" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:849 +msgid "\"slow\": 3" +msgstr "\"slow\": 3 慢" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:850 +msgid "\"slowest\": 1" +msgstr "\"slowest\": 1 最慢" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:852 +msgid "" +"Speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of line drawing " +"and turtle turning." +msgstr "速度值从 1 到 10，画线和海龟转向的动画效果逐级加快。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:855 +msgid "" +"Attention: *speed* = 0 means that *no* animation takes place. forward/back " +"makes turtle jump and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly." +msgstr "" +"注意: *speed* = 0 表示 *没有* 动画效果。forward/back 将使海龟向前/向后跳跃，同样的 left/right " +"将使海龟立即改变朝向。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:859 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.speed()\n" +"3\n" +">>> turtle.speed('normal')\n" +">>> turtle.speed()\n" +"6\n" +">>> turtle.speed(9)\n" +">>> turtle.speed()\n" +"9" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.speed()\n" +"3\n" +">>> turtle.speed('normal')\n" +">>> turtle.speed()\n" +"6\n" +">>> turtle.speed(9)\n" +">>> turtle.speed()\n" +"9" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:878 +msgid "" +"Return the turtle's current location (x,y) (as a :class:`Vec2D` vector)." +msgstr "返回海龟当前的坐标 (x,y) (为 :class:`Vec2D` 矢量类对象)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:880 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(440.00,-0.00)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(440.00,-0.00)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:889 ../../library/turtle.rst:952 +msgid "a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance" +msgstr "一个数值或数值对/矢量，或一个海龟实例" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:890 ../../library/turtle.rst:953 +msgid "a number if *x* is a number, else ``None``" +msgstr "一个数值——如果 *x* 是一个数值，否则为 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:892 +msgid "" +"Return the angle between the line from turtle position to position specified" +" by (x,y), the vector or the other turtle. This depends on the turtle's " +"start orientation which depends on the mode - \"standard\"/\"world\" or " +"\"logo\"." +msgstr "" +"返回从海龟位置到由 (x,y)、矢量或另一海龟所确定位置的连线的夹角。 此数值依赖于海龟的初始朝向，这又取决于 " +"\"standard\"/\"world\" 或 \"logo\" 模式设置。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:896 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.goto(10, 10)\n" +">>> turtle.towards(0,0)\n" +"225.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.goto(10, 10)\n" +">>> turtle.towards(0,0)\n" +"225.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:906 +msgid "Return the turtle's x coordinate." +msgstr "返回海龟的 x 坐标。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:908 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(50)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(100)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(64.28,76.60)\n" +">>> print(round(turtle.xcor(), 5))\n" +"64.27876" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(50)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(100)\n" +">>> turtle.pos()\n" +"(64.28,76.60)\n" +">>> print(round(turtle.xcor(), 5))\n" +"64.27876" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:922 +msgid "Return the turtle's y coordinate." +msgstr "返回海龟的 y 坐标。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:924 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(60)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(100)\n" +">>> print(turtle.pos())\n" +"(50.00,86.60)\n" +">>> print(round(turtle.ycor(), 5))\n" +"86.60254" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(60)\n" +">>> turtle.forward(100)\n" +">>> print(turtle.pos())\n" +"(50.00,86.60)\n" +">>> print(round(turtle.ycor(), 5))\n" +"86.60254" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:938 +msgid "" +"Return the turtle's current heading (value depends on the turtle mode, see " +":func:`mode`)." +msgstr "返回海龟当前的朝向 (数值依赖于海龟模式参见 :func:`mode`)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:941 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(67)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"67.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(67)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"67.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:955 +msgid "" +"Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y), the given vector, or the given" +" other turtle, in turtle step units." +msgstr "返回从海龟位置到由 (x,y)，适量或另一海龟对应位置的单位距离。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:958 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.distance(30,40)\n" +"50.0\n" +">>> turtle.distance((30,40))\n" +"50.0\n" +">>> joe = Turtle()\n" +">>> joe.forward(77)\n" +">>> turtle.distance(joe)\n" +"77.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.distance(30,40)\n" +"50.0\n" +">>> turtle.distance((30,40))\n" +"50.0\n" +">>> joe = Turtle()\n" +">>> joe.forward(77)\n" +">>> turtle.distance(joe)\n" +"77.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:973 +msgid "Settings for measurement" +msgstr "度量单位设置" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:979 +msgid "" +"Set angle measurement units, i.e. set number of \"degrees\" for a full " +"circle. Default value is 360 degrees." +msgstr "设置角度的度量单位，即设置一个圆周为多少 \"度\"。默认值为 360 度。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:982 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(90)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0\n" +"\n" +">>> # Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon,\n" +">>> # grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.)\n" +">>> turtle.degrees(400.0)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"100.0\n" +">>> turtle.degrees(360)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(90)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0\n" +"\n" +">>> # 将角度计量单位改为 grad (或称 gon, grade\n" +">>> # 或 gradian，等于直角的 1/100。）\n" +">>> turtle.degrees(400.0)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"100.0\n" +">>> turtle.degrees(360)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"Set the angle measurement units to radians. Equivalent to " +"``degrees(2*math.pi)``." +msgstr "设置角度的度量单位为弧度。其值等于 ``degrees(2*math.pi)``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1005 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(90)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0\n" +">>> turtle.radians()\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"1.5707963267948966" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.left(90)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"90.0\n" +">>> turtle.radians()\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"1.5707963267948966" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1033 +msgid "Pull the pen down -- drawing when moving." +msgstr "画笔落下 -- 移动时将画线。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1040 +msgid "Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving." +msgstr "画笔抬起 -- 移动时不画线。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1046 +msgid "a positive number" +msgstr "一个正数值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"Set the line thickness to *width* or return it. If resizemode is set to " +"\"auto\" and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with the same " +"line thickness. If no argument is given, the current pensize is returned." +msgstr "" +"设置线条的粗细为 *width* 或返回该值。如果 resizemode 设为 \"auto\" 并且 turtleshape " +"为多边形，该多边形也以同样组细的线条绘制。如未指定参数，则返回当前的 pensize。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1052 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.pensize()\n" +"1\n" +">>> turtle.pensize(10) # from here on lines of width 10 are drawn" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.pensize()\n" +"1\n" +">>> turtle.pensize(10) # 从这里开始，画出宽度为10的线" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1062 +msgid "a dictionary with some or all of the below listed keys" +msgstr "一个包含部分或全部下列键的字典" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1063 +msgid "one or more keyword-arguments with the below listed keys as keywords" +msgstr "一个或多个以下列键为关键字的关键字参数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"Return or set the pen's attributes in a \"pen-dictionary\" with the " +"following key/value pairs:" +msgstr "返回或设置画笔的属性，以一个包含以下键值对的 \"画笔字典\" 表示:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1068 +msgid "\"shown\": True/False" +msgstr "\"shown\": True/False" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1069 +msgid "\"pendown\": True/False" +msgstr "\"pendown\": True/False" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1070 +msgid "\"pencolor\": color-string or color-tuple" +msgstr "\"pencolor\": 颜色字符串或颜色元组" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1071 +msgid "\"fillcolor\": color-string or color-tuple" +msgstr "\"fillcolor\": 颜色字符串或颜色元组" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1072 +msgid "\"pensize\": positive number" +msgstr "\"pensize\": 正数值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1073 +msgid "\"speed\": number in range 0..10" +msgstr "\"speed\": 0..10 范围内的数值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1074 +msgid "\"resizemode\": \"auto\" or \"user\" or \"noresize\"" +msgstr "\"resizemode\": \"auto\" 或 \"user\" 或 \"noresize\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1075 +msgid "\"stretchfactor\": (positive number, positive number)" +msgstr "\"stretchfactor\": (正数值, 正数值)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1076 +msgid "\"outline\": positive number" +msgstr "\"outline\": 正数值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1077 +msgid "\"tilt\": number" +msgstr "\"tilt\": 数值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent call to :func:`pen`" +" to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one or more of these attributes " +"can be provided as keyword-arguments. This can be used to set several pen " +"attributes in one statement." +msgstr "" +"此字典可作为后续调用 :func:`pen` " +"时的参数，以恢复之前的画笔状态。另外还可将这些属性作为关键词参数提交。使用此方式可以用一条语句设置画笔的多个属性。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1084 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.pen(fillcolor=\"black\", pencolor=\"red\", pensize=10)\n" +">>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())\n" +"[('fillcolor', 'black'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red'),\n" +" ('pendown', True), ('pensize', 10), ('resizemode', 'noresize'),\n" +" ('shearfactor', 0.0), ('shown', True), ('speed', 9),\n" +" ('stretchfactor', (1.0, 1.0)), ('tilt', 0.0)]\n" +">>> penstate=turtle.pen()\n" +">>> turtle.color(\"yellow\", \"\")\n" +">>> turtle.penup()\n" +">>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3]\n" +"[('fillcolor', ''), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'yellow')]\n" +">>> turtle.pen(penstate, fillcolor=\"green\")\n" +">>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3]\n" +"[('fillcolor', 'green'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red')]" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.pen(fillcolor=\"black\", pencolor=\"red\", pensize=10)\n" +">>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())\n" +"[('fillcolor', 'black'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red'),\n" +" ('pendown', True), ('pensize', 10), ('resizemode', 'noresize'),\n" +" ('shearfactor', 0.0), ('shown', True), ('speed', 9),\n" +" ('stretchfactor', (1.0, 1.0)), ('tilt', 0.0)]\n" +">>> penstate=turtle.pen()\n" +">>> turtle.color(\"yellow\", \"\")\n" +">>> turtle.penup()\n" +">>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3]\n" +"[('fillcolor', ''), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'yellow')]\n" +">>> turtle.pen(penstate, fillcolor=\"green\")\n" +">>> sorted(turtle.pen().items())[:3]\n" +"[('fillcolor', 'green'), ('outline', 1), ('pencolor', 'red')]" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1105 +msgid "Return ``True`` if pen is down, ``False`` if it's up." +msgstr "如果画笔落下返回 ``True``，如果画笔抬起返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1107 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.penup()\n" +">>> turtle.isdown()\n" +"False\n" +">>> turtle.pendown()\n" +">>> turtle.isdown()\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.penup()\n" +">>> turtle.isdown()\n" +"False\n" +">>> turtle.pendown()\n" +">>> turtle.isdown()\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1123 +msgid "Return or set the pencolor." +msgstr "返回或设置画笔颜色。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1125 ../../library/turtle.rst:1174 +msgid "Four input formats are allowed:" +msgstr "允许以下四种输入格式:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1127 +msgid "``pencolor()``" +msgstr "``pencolor()``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1128 +msgid "" +"Return the current pencolor as color specification string or as a tuple (see" +" example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call." +msgstr "返回以颜色描述字符串或元组 (见示例) 表示的当前画笔颜色。可用作其他 color/pencolor/fillcolor 调用的输入。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1132 +msgid "``pencolor(colorstring)``" +msgstr "``pencolor(colorstring)``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"Set pencolor to *colorstring*, which is a Tk color specification string, " +"such as ``\"red\"``, ``\"yellow\"``, or ``\"#33cc8c\"``." +msgstr "" +"设置画笔颜色为 *colorstring* 指定的 Tk 颜色描述字符串，例如 ``\"red\"``、``\"yellow\"`` 或 " +"``\"#33cc8c\"``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1136 +msgid "``pencolor((r, g, b))``" +msgstr "``pencolor((r, g, b))``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1137 +msgid "" +"Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of *r*, *g*, and *b*." +" Each of *r*, *g*, and *b* must be in the range 0..colormode, where " +"colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see :func:`colormode`)." +msgstr "" +"设置画笔颜色为以 *r*, *g*, *b* 元组表示的 RGB 颜色。*r*, *g*, *b* 的取值范围应为 " +"0..colormode，colormode 的值为 1.0 或 255 (参见 :func:`colormode`)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1141 +msgid "``pencolor(r, g, b)``" +msgstr "``pencolor(r, g, b)``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by *r*, *g*, and *b*. Each of " +"*r*, *g*, and *b* must be in the range 0..colormode." +msgstr "设置画笔颜色为以 *r*, *g*, *b* 表示的 RGB 颜色。*r*, *g*, *b* 的取值范围应为 0..colormode。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn with the " +"newly set pencolor." +msgstr "如果 turtleshape 为多边形，该多边形轮廓也以新设置的画笔颜色绘制。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1148 +msgid "" +">>> colormode()\n" +"1.0\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"'red'\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(\"brown\")\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"'brown'\n" +">>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(tup)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(0.2, 0.8, 0.5490196078431373)\n" +">>> colormode(255)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(51.0, 204.0, 140.0)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor('#32c18f')\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)" +msgstr "" +">>> colormode()\n" +"1.0\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"'red'\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(\"brown\")\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"'brown'\n" +">>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(tup)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(0.2, 0.8, 0.5490196078431373)\n" +">>> colormode(255)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(51.0, 204.0, 140.0)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor('#32c18f')\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1172 +msgid "Return or set the fillcolor." +msgstr "返回或设置填充颜色。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1176 +msgid "``fillcolor()``" +msgstr "``fillcolor()``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, possibly in " +"tuple format (see example). May be used as input to another " +"color/pencolor/fillcolor call." +msgstr "返回以颜色描述字符串或元组 (见示例) 表示的当前填充颜色。可用作其他 color/pencolor/fillcolor 调用的输入。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1181 +msgid "``fillcolor(colorstring)``" +msgstr "``fillcolor(colorstring)``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1182 +msgid "" +"Set fillcolor to *colorstring*, which is a Tk color specification string, " +"such as ``\"red\"``, ``\"yellow\"``, or ``\"#33cc8c\"``." +msgstr "" +"设置填充颜色为 *colorstring* 指定的 Tk 颜色描述字符串，例如 ``\"red\"``、``\"yellow\"`` 或 " +"``\"#33cc8c\"``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1185 +msgid "``fillcolor((r, g, b))``" +msgstr "``fillcolor((r, g, b))``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of *r*, *g*, and " +"*b*. Each of *r*, *g*, and *b* must be in the range 0..colormode, where " +"colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see :func:`colormode`)." +msgstr "" +"设置填充颜色为以 *r*, *g*, *b* 元组表示的 RGB 颜色。*r*, *g*, *b* 的取值范围应为 " +"0..colormode，colormode 的值为 1.0 或 255 (参见 :func:`colormode`)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1190 +msgid "``fillcolor(r, g, b)``" +msgstr "``fillcolor(r, g, b)``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1191 +msgid "" +"Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by *r*, *g*, and *b*. Each of " +"*r*, *g*, and *b* must be in the range 0..colormode." +msgstr "设置填充颜色为 *r*, *g*, *b* 表示的 RGB 颜色。*r*, *g*, *b* 的取值范围应为 0..colormode。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1194 +msgid "" +"If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn with the " +"newly set fillcolor." +msgstr "如果 turtleshape 为多边形，该多边形内部也以新设置的填充颜色填充。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1197 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.fillcolor(\"violet\")\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor()\n" +"'violet'\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor((50, 193, 143)) # Integers, not floats\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor()\n" +"(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor('#ffffff')\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor()\n" +"(255.0, 255.0, 255.0)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.fillcolor(\"violet\")\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor()\n" +"'violet'\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor()\n" +"(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor((50, 193, 143)) # 整数，而非浮点数\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor()\n" +"(50.0, 193.0, 143.0)\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor('#ffffff')\n" +">>> turtle.fillcolor()\n" +"(255.0, 255.0, 255.0)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1215 +msgid "Return or set pencolor and fillcolor." +msgstr "返回或设置画笔颜色和填充颜色。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1217 +msgid "" +"Several input formats are allowed. They use 0 to 3 arguments as follows:" +msgstr "允许多种输入格式。使用如下 0 至 3 个参数:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1220 +msgid "``color()``" +msgstr "``color()``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor as a pair of color " +"specification strings or tuples as returned by :func:`pencolor` and " +":func:`fillcolor`." +msgstr "" +"返回以一对颜色描述字符串或元组表示的当前画笔颜色和填充颜色，两者可分别由 :func:`pencolor` 和 :func:`fillcolor` " +"返回。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1225 +msgid "``color(colorstring)``, ``color((r,g,b))``, ``color(r,g,b)``" +msgstr "``color(colorstring)``, ``color((r,g,b))``, ``color(r,g,b)``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"Inputs as in :func:`pencolor`, set both, fillcolor and pencolor, to the " +"given value." +msgstr "输入格式与 :func:`pencolor` 相同，同时设置填充颜色和画笔颜色为指定的值。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"``color(colorstring1, colorstring2)``, ``color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2))``" +msgstr "" +"``color(colorstring1, colorstring2)``, ``color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2))``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1230 +msgid "" +"Equivalent to ``pencolor(colorstring1)`` and ``fillcolor(colorstring2)`` and" +" analogously if the other input format is used." +msgstr "" +"相当于 ``pencolor(colorstring1)`` 加 " +"``fillcolor(colorstring2)``，使用其他输入格式的方法也与之类似。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon is drawn " +"with the newly set colors." +msgstr "如果 turtleshape 为多边形，该多边形轮廓与填充也使用新设置的颜色。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1236 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.color(\"red\", \"green\")\n" +">>> turtle.color()\n" +"('red', 'green')\n" +">>> color(\"#285078\", \"#a0c8f0\")\n" +">>> color()\n" +"((40.0, 80.0, 120.0), (160.0, 200.0, 240.0))" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.color(\"red\", \"green\")\n" +">>> turtle.color()\n" +"('red', 'green')\n" +">>> color(\"#285078\", \"#a0c8f0\")\n" +">>> color()\n" +"((40.0, 80.0, 120.0), (160.0, 200.0, 240.0))" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1247 +msgid "See also: Screen method :func:`colormode`." +msgstr "另参见: Screen 方法 :func:`colormode`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1261 +msgid "Return fillstate (``True`` if filling, ``False`` else)." +msgstr "返回填充状态 (填充为 ``True``，否则为 ``False``)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1263 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.begin_fill()\n" +">>> if turtle.filling():\n" +"... turtle.pensize(5)\n" +"... else:\n" +"... turtle.pensize(3)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.begin_fill()\n" +">>> if turtle.filling():\n" +"... turtle.pensize(5)\n" +"... else:\n" +"... turtle.pensize(3)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1276 +msgid "To be called just before drawing a shape to be filled." +msgstr "在绘制要填充的形状之前调用。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1281 +msgid "Fill the shape drawn after the last call to :func:`begin_fill`." +msgstr "填充上次调用 :func:`begin_fill` 之后绘制的形状。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1283 +msgid "" +"Whether or not overlap regions for self-intersecting polygons or multiple " +"shapes are filled depends on the operating system graphics, type of overlap," +" and number of overlaps. For example, the Turtle star above may be either " +"all yellow or have some white regions." +msgstr "" +"自相交多边形或多个形状间的重叠区域是否填充取决于操作系统的图形引擎、重叠的类型以及重叠的层数。 例如上面的 Turtle " +"多芒星可能会全部填充为黄色，也可能会有一些白色区域。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1288 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.color(\"black\", \"red\")\n" +">>> turtle.begin_fill()\n" +">>> turtle.circle(80)\n" +">>> turtle.end_fill()" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.color(\"black\", \"red\")\n" +">>> turtle.begin_fill()\n" +">>> turtle.circle(80)\n" +">>> turtle.end_fill()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle and set " +"variables to the default values." +msgstr "从屏幕中删除海龟的绘图，海龟回到原点并设置所有变量为默认值。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1305 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.goto(0,-22)\n" +">>> turtle.left(100)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,-22.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"100.0\n" +">>> turtle.reset()\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.goto(0,-22)\n" +">>> turtle.left(100)\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,-22.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"100.0\n" +">>> turtle.reset()\n" +">>> turtle.position()\n" +"(0.00,0.00)\n" +">>> turtle.heading()\n" +"0.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. State " +"and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other turtles are not " +"affected." +msgstr "从屏幕中删除指定海龟的绘图。不移动海龟。海龟的状态和位置以及其他海龟的绘图不受影响。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1329 +msgid "object to be written to the TurtleScreen" +msgstr "要书写到 TurtleScreen 的对象" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1330 +msgid "True/False" +msgstr "True/False" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1331 +msgid "one of the strings \"left\", \"center\" or right\"" +msgstr "字符串 \"left\", \"center\" 或 \"right\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1332 +msgid "a triple (fontname, fontsize, fonttype)" +msgstr "一个三元组 (fontname, fontsize, fonttype)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"Write text - the string representation of *arg* - at the current turtle " +"position according to *align* (\"left\", \"center\" or \"right\") and with " +"the given font. If *move* is true, the pen is moved to the bottom-right " +"corner of the text. By default, *move* is ``False``." +msgstr "" +"基于 *align* (\"left\", \"center\" 或 \"right\") 并使用给定的字体将文本 —— *arg* 的字符串表示形式 " +"—— 写到当前海龟位置。 如果 *move* 为真值，画笔会移至文本的右下角。 默认情况下 *move* 为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"Make the turtle invisible. It's a good idea to do this while you're in the " +"middle of doing some complex drawing, because hiding the turtle speeds up " +"the drawing observably." +msgstr "使海龟不可见。当你绘制复杂图形时这是个好主意，因为隐藏海龟可显著加快绘制速度。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1356 +msgid ">>> turtle.hideturtle()" +msgstr ">>> turtle.hideturtle()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1365 +msgid "Make the turtle visible." +msgstr "使海龟可见。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1367 +msgid ">>> turtle.showturtle()" +msgstr ">>> turtle.showturtle()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1375 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the Turtle is shown, ``False`` if it's hidden." +msgstr "如果海龟显示返回 ``True``，如果海龟隐藏返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1390 +msgid "a string which is a valid shapename" +msgstr "一个有效的形状名字符串" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1392 +msgid "" +"Set turtle shape to shape with given *name* or, if name is not given, return" +" name of current shape. Shape with *name* must exist in the TurtleScreen's " +"shape dictionary. Initially there are the following polygon shapes: " +"\"arrow\", \"turtle\", \"circle\", \"square\", \"triangle\", \"classic\". " +"To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen method " +":func:`register_shape`." +msgstr "" +"设置海龟形状为 *name* 指定的形状名，如未指定形状名则返回当前的形状名。*name* 指定的形状名应存在于 TurtleScreen 的 " +"shape 字典中。多边形的形状初始时有以下几种: \"arrow\", \"turtle\", \"circle\", \"square\", " +"\"triangle\", \"classic\"。要了解如何处理形状请参看 Screen 方法 :func:`register_shape`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1398 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.shape()\n" +"'classic'\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"turtle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shape()\n" +"'turtle'" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.shape()\n" +"'classic'\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"turtle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shape()\n" +"'turtle'" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1410 +msgid "one of the strings \"auto\", \"user\", \"noresize\"" +msgstr "字符串 \"auto\", \"user\", \"noresize\" 其中之一" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"Set resizemode to one of the values: \"auto\", \"user\", \"noresize\". If " +"*rmode* is not given, return current resizemode. Different resizemodes have" +" the following effects:" +msgstr "" +"设置大小调整模式为以下值之一: \"auto\", \"user\", \"noresize\"。如未指定 *rmode* " +"则返回当前的大小调整模式。不同的大小调整模式的效果如下:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1416 +msgid "" +"\"auto\": adapts the appearance of the turtle corresponding to the value of " +"pensize." +msgstr "\"auto\": 根据画笔粗细值调整海龟的外观。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"\"user\": adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the values of " +"stretchfactor and outlinewidth (outline), which are set by " +":func:`shapesize`." +msgstr "\"user\": 根据拉伸因子和轮廓宽度 (outline) 值调整海龟的外观，两者是由 :func:`shapesize` 设置的。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1420 +msgid "\"noresize\": no adaption of the turtle's appearance takes place." +msgstr "\"noresize\": 不调整海龟的外观大小。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1422 +msgid "" +"``resizemode(\"user\")`` is called by :func:`shapesize` when used with " +"arguments." +msgstr "``resizemode(\"user\")`` 会由 :func:`shapesize` 带参数使用时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1424 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.resizemode()\n" +"'noresize'\n" +">>> turtle.resizemode(\"auto\")\n" +">>> turtle.resizemode()\n" +"'auto'" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.resizemode()\n" +"'noresize'\n" +">>> turtle.resizemode(\"auto\")\n" +">>> turtle.resizemode()\n" +"'auto'" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1437 ../../library/turtle.rst:1438 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1439 +msgid "positive number" +msgstr "正数值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1441 +msgid "" +"Return or set the pen's attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. Set " +"resizemode to \"user\". If and only if resizemode is set to \"user\", the " +"turtle will be displayed stretched according to its stretchfactors: " +"*stretch_wid* is stretchfactor perpendicular to its orientation, " +"*stretch_len* is stretchfactor in direction of its orientation, *outline* " +"determines the width of the shape's outline." +msgstr "" +"返回或设置画笔的属性 x/y 拉伸因子和/或轮廓。 设置大小调整模式为 \"user\"。 当且仅当大小调整模式为 \"user\" " +"时，海龟会基于其拉伸因子调整外观: *stretch_wid* 为垂直于其朝向的宽度拉伸因子，*stretch_len* " +"为平行于其朝向的长度拉伸因子，*outline* 决定形状轮廓线的宽度。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1448 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.shapesize()\n" +"(1.0, 1.0, 1)\n" +">>> turtle.resizemode(\"user\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12)\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize()\n" +"(5, 5, 12)\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(outline=8)\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize()\n" +"(5, 5, 8)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.shapesize()\n" +"(1.0, 1.0, 1)\n" +">>> turtle.resizemode(\"user\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12)\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize()\n" +"(5, 5, 12)\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(outline=8)\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize()\n" +"(5, 5, 8)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1464 ../../library/turtle.rst:2101 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2102 ../../library/turtle.rst:2103 +msgid "number (optional)" +msgstr "数值 (可选)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1466 +msgid "" +"Set or return the current shearfactor. Shear the turtleshape according to " +"the given shearfactor shear, which is the tangent of the shear angle. Do " +"*not* change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). If shear is not " +"given: return the current shearfactor, i. e. the tangent of the shear angle," +" by which lines parallel to the heading of the turtle are sheared." +msgstr "" +"设置或返回当前的剪切因子。根据 share 指定的剪切因子即剪切角度的切线来剪切海龟形状。*不* 改变海龟的朝向 (移动方向)。如未指定 shear " +"参数: 返回当前的剪切因子即剪切角度的切线，与海龟朝向平行的线条将被剪切。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1473 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.shape(\"circle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)\n" +">>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5)\n" +">>> turtle.shearfactor()\n" +"0.5" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.shape(\"circle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)\n" +">>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5)\n" +">>> turtle.shearfactor()\n" +"0.5" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1487 +msgid "" +"Rotate the turtleshape by *angle* from its current tilt-angle, but do *not* " +"change the turtle's heading (direction of movement)." +msgstr "海龟形状自其当前的倾角转动 *angle* 指定的角度，但 *不* 改变海龟的朝向 (移动方向)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1490 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.reset()\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"circle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)\n" +">>> turtle.tilt(30)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.tilt(30)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.reset()\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"circle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)\n" +">>> turtle.tilt(30)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.tilt(30)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1504 ../../library/turtle.rst:1527 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1528 ../../library/turtle.rst:1529 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1530 +msgid "a number (optional)" +msgstr "一个数值 (可选)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1506 +msgid "" +"Set or return the current tilt-angle. If angle is given, rotate the " +"turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its " +"current tilt-angle. Do *not* change the turtle's heading (direction of " +"movement). If angle is not given: return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the " +"angle between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the " +"turtle (its direction of movement)." +msgstr "" +"设置或返回当前的倾角。如果指定 angle 则旋转海龟形状使其指向 angle 指定的方向，忽略其当前的倾角。*不* 改变海龟的朝向 " +"(移动方向)。如果未指定 angle: 返回当前的倾角，即海龟形状的方向和海龟朝向 (移动方向) 之间的夹角。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1514 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.reset()\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"circle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)\n" +">>> turtle.tilt(45)\n" +">>> turtle.tiltangle()\n" +"45.0" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.reset()\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"circle\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)\n" +">>> turtle.tilt(45)\n" +">>> turtle.tiltangle()\n" +"45.0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1532 +msgid "Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape." +msgstr "设置或返回海龟形状的当前变形矩阵。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation matrix " +"as a tuple of 4 elements. Otherwise set the given elements and transform the" +" turtleshape according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and " +"second row t21, t22. The determinant t11 * t22 - t12 * t21 must not be zero," +" otherwise an error is raised. Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and " +"tiltangle according to the given matrix." +msgstr "" +"如未指定任何矩阵元素，则返回以 4 元素元组表示的变形矩阵。 否则就根据设置指定元素的矩阵来改变海龟形状，矩阵第一排的值为 t11, t12 " +"而第二排的值为 t21, t22。 行列式 t11 * t22 - t12 * t21 必须不为零，否则会引发错误。 根据指定矩阵修改拉伸因子 " +"stretchfactor, 剪切因子 shearfactor 和倾角 tiltangle。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1543 +msgid "" +">>> turtle = Turtle()\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"square\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(4,2)\n" +">>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5)\n" +">>> turtle.shapetransform()\n" +"(4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle = Turtle()\n" +">>> turtle.shape(\"square\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapesize(4,2)\n" +">>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5)\n" +">>> turtle.shapetransform()\n" +"(4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1556 +msgid "" +"Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. This can be " +"used to define a new shape or components of a compound shape." +msgstr "返回以坐标值对元组表示的当前形状多边形。这可以用于定义一个新形状或一个复合形状的多个组成部分。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1559 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.shape(\"square\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapetransform(4, -1, 0, 2)\n" +">>> turtle.get_shapepoly()\n" +"((50, -20), (30, 20), (-50, 20), (-30, -20))" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.shape(\"square\")\n" +">>> turtle.shapetransform(4, -1, 0, 2)\n" +">>> turtle.get_shapepoly()\n" +"((50, -20), (30, 20), (-50, 20), (-30, -20))" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1574 ../../library/turtle.rst:1596 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1621 ../../library/turtle.rst:2025 +msgid "" +"a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of " +"the clicked point on the canvas" +msgstr "一个函数，调用时将传入两个参数表示在画布上点击的坐标。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1576 ../../library/turtle.rst:1598 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1623 ../../library/turtle.rst:2027 +msgid "number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 (left mouse button)" +msgstr "鼠标按钮编号，默认值为 1 (鼠标左键)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1577 ../../library/turtle.rst:1599 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1624 ../../library/turtle.rst:2028 +msgid "" +"``True`` or ``False`` -- if ``True``, a new binding will be added, otherwise" +" it will replace a former binding" +msgstr "``True`` 或 ``False`` -- 如为 ``True`` 则将添加一个新绑定，否则将取代先前的绑定" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"Bind *fun* to mouse-click events on this turtle. If *fun* is ``None``, " +"existing bindings are removed. Example for the anonymous turtle, i.e. the " +"procedural way:" +msgstr "" +"将 *fun* 指定的函数绑定到鼠标点击此海龟事件。如果 *fun* 值为 ``None``，则移除现有的绑定。以下为使用匿名海龟即过程式的示例:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1584 +msgid "" +">>> def turn(x, y):\n" +"... left(180)\n" +"...\n" +">>> onclick(turn) # Now clicking into the turtle will turn it.\n" +">>> onclick(None) # event-binding will be removed" +msgstr "" +">>> def turn(x, y):\n" +"... left(180)\n" +"...\n" +">>> onclick(turn) # 现在点击海龟将使其转向。\n" +">>> onclick(None) # 事件绑定将被移除" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1602 +msgid "" +"Bind *fun* to mouse-button-release events on this turtle. If *fun* is " +"``None``, existing bindings are removed." +msgstr "将 *fun* 指定的函数绑定到在此海龟上释放鼠标按键事件。如果 *fun* 值为 ``None``，则移除现有的绑定。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1605 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTurtle(Turtle):\n" +"... def glow(self,x,y):\n" +"... self.fillcolor(\"red\")\n" +"... def unglow(self,x,y):\n" +"... self.fillcolor(\"\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> turtle = MyTurtle()\n" +">>> turtle.onclick(turtle.glow) # clicking on turtle turns fillcolor red,\n" +">>> turtle.onrelease(turtle.unglow) # releasing turns it to transparent." +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTurtle(Turtle):\n" +"... def glow(self,x,y):\n" +"... self.fillcolor(\"red\")\n" +"... def unglow(self,x,y):\n" +"... self.fillcolor(\"\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> turtle = MyTurtle()\n" +">>> turtle.onclick(turtle.glow) # 点击turtle会将填充颜色设置为红色。\n" +">>> turtle.onrelease(turtle.unglow) # 释放会使它变得透明" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1627 +msgid "" +"Bind *fun* to mouse-move events on this turtle. If *fun* is ``None``, " +"existing bindings are removed." +msgstr "将 *fun* 指定的函数绑定到在此海龟上移动鼠标事件。如果 *fun* 值为 ``None``，则移除现有的绑定。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1630 +msgid "" +"Remark: Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a " +"mouse-click event on that turtle." +msgstr "注: 在海龟上移动鼠标事件之前应先发生在此海龟上点击鼠标事件。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1633 +msgid ">>> turtle.ondrag(turtle.goto)" +msgstr ">>> turtle.ondrag(turtle.goto)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1638 +msgid "" +"Subsequently, clicking and dragging the Turtle will move it across the " +"screen thereby producing handdrawings (if pen is down)." +msgstr "在此之后点击并拖动海龟可在屏幕上手绘线条 (如果画笔为落下)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1647 +msgid "" +"Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is first" +" vertex of polygon." +msgstr "开始记录多边形的顶点。当前海龟位置为多边形的第一个顶点。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1653 +msgid "" +"Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is last " +"vertex of polygon. This will be connected with the first vertex." +msgstr "停止记录多边形的顶点。当前海龟位置为多边形的最后一个顶点。它将连线到第一个顶点。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1659 +msgid "Return the last recorded polygon." +msgstr "返回最新记录的多边形。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1661 +msgid "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.begin_poly()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(100)\n" +">>> turtle.left(20)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(30)\n" +">>> turtle.left(60)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.end_poly()\n" +">>> p = turtle.get_poly()\n" +">>> register_shape(\"myFavouriteShape\", p)" +msgstr "" +">>> turtle.home()\n" +">>> turtle.begin_poly()\n" +">>> turtle.fd(100)\n" +">>> turtle.left(20)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(30)\n" +">>> turtle.left(60)\n" +">>> turtle.fd(50)\n" +">>> turtle.end_poly()\n" +">>> p = turtle.get_poly()\n" +">>> register_shape(\"myFavouriteShape\", p)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1678 +msgid "" +"Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading and " +"turtle properties." +msgstr "创建并返回海龟的克隆体，具有相同的位置、朝向和海龟属性。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1681 +msgid "" +">>> mick = Turtle()\n" +">>> joe = mick.clone()" +msgstr "" +">>> mick = Turtle()\n" +">>> joe = mick.clone()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1691 +msgid "" +"Return the Turtle object itself. Only reasonable use: as a function to " +"return the \"anonymous turtle\":" +msgstr "返回海龟对象自身。唯一合理的用法: 作为一个函数来返回 \"匿名海龟\":" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1694 +msgid "" +">>> pet = getturtle()\n" +">>> pet.fd(50)\n" +">>> pet\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> pet = getturtle()\n" +">>> pet.fd(50)\n" +">>> pet\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1705 +msgid "" +"Return the :class:`TurtleScreen` object the turtle is drawing on. " +"TurtleScreen methods can then be called for that object." +msgstr "返回作为海龟绘图场所的 :class:`TurtleScreen` 类对象。该对象将可调用 TurtleScreen 方法。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1708 +msgid "" +">>> ts = turtle.getscreen()\n" +">>> ts\n" +"\n" +">>> ts.bgcolor(\"pink\")" +msgstr "" +">>> ts = turtle.getscreen()\n" +">>> ts\n" +"\n" +">>> ts.bgcolor(\"pink\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1719 +msgid "an integer or ``None``" +msgstr "一个整型数值或 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1721 +msgid "" +"Set or disable undobuffer. If *size* is an integer, an empty undobuffer of " +"given size is installed. *size* gives the maximum number of turtle actions " +"that can be undone by the :func:`undo` method/function. If *size* is " +"``None``, the undobuffer is disabled." +msgstr "" +"设置或禁用撤销缓冲区。 如果 *size* 为整数，则开辟一个给定大小的空撤销缓冲区。 *size* 给出了可以通过 :func:`undo` " +"方法/函数撤销海龟动作的最大次数。 如果 *size* 为 ``None``，则禁用撤销缓冲区。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1726 +msgid ">>> turtle.setundobuffer(42)" +msgstr ">>> turtle.setundobuffer(42)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1734 +msgid "Return number of entries in the undobuffer." +msgstr "返回撤销缓冲区里的条目数。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1736 +msgid "" +">>> while undobufferentries():\n" +"... undo()" +msgstr "" +">>> while undobufferentries():\n" +"... undo()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1747 +msgid "Compound shapes" +msgstr "复合形状" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1749 +msgid "" +"To use compound turtle shapes, which consist of several polygons of " +"different color, you must use the helper class :class:`Shape` explicitly as " +"described below:" +msgstr "要使用由多个不同颜色多边形构成的复合海龟形状，你必须明确地使用辅助类 :class:`Shape`，具体步骤如下:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1753 +msgid "Create an empty Shape object of type \"compound\"." +msgstr "创建一个空 Shape 对象，类型为 \"compound\"。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1754 +msgid "" +"Add as many components to this object as desired, using the " +":meth:`~Shape.addcomponent` method." +msgstr "可根据需要使用 :meth:`~Shape.addcomponent` 方法向此对象添加多个组件。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1757 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1759 +msgid "" +">>> s = Shape(\"compound\")\n" +">>> poly1 = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5))\n" +">>> s.addcomponent(poly1, \"red\", \"blue\")\n" +">>> poly2 = ((0,0),(10,-5),(-10,-5))\n" +">>> s.addcomponent(poly2, \"blue\", \"red\")" +msgstr "" +">>> s = Shape(\"compound\")\n" +">>> poly1 = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5))\n" +">>> s.addcomponent(poly1, \"red\", \"blue\")\n" +">>> poly2 = ((0,0),(10,-5),(-10,-5))\n" +">>> s.addcomponent(poly2, \"blue\", \"red\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1768 +msgid "Now add the Shape to the Screen's shapelist and use it:" +msgstr "接下来将 Shape 对象添加到 Screen 对象的形状列表并使用它:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1770 +msgid "" +">>> register_shape(\"myshape\", s)\n" +">>> shape(\"myshape\")" +msgstr "" +">>> register_shape(\"myshape\", s)\n" +">>> shape(\"myshape\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1779 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Shape` class is used internally by the :func:`register_shape` " +"method in different ways. The application programmer has to deal with the " +"Shape class *only* when using compound shapes like shown above!" +msgstr "" +":class:`Shape` 类在 :func:`register_shape` 方法的内部以多种方式使用。应用程序编写者 *只有* " +"在使用上述的复合形状时才需要处理 Shape 类。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1785 +msgid "Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions" +msgstr "TurtleScreen/Screen 方法及对应函数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1787 +msgid "" +"Most of the examples in this section refer to a TurtleScreen instance called" +" ``screen``." +msgstr "本节中的大部分示例都使用 TurtleScreen 类的一个实例，命名为 ``screen``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1801 +msgid "" +"a color string or three numbers in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of " +"such numbers" +msgstr "一个颜色字符串或三个取值范围 0..colormode 内的数值或一个取值范围相同的数值3元组" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1805 +msgid "Set or return background color of the TurtleScreen." +msgstr "设置或返回 TurtleScreen 的背景颜色。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1807 +msgid "" +">>> screen.bgcolor(\"orange\")\n" +">>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +"'orange'\n" +">>> screen.bgcolor(\"#800080\")\n" +">>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +"(128.0, 0.0, 128.0)" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.bgcolor(\"orange\")\n" +">>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +"'orange'\n" +">>> screen.bgcolor(\"#800080\")\n" +">>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +"(128.0, 0.0, 128.0)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1820 +msgid "a string, name of a gif-file or ``\"nopic\"``, or ``None``" +msgstr "一个字符串, gif-文件名, ``\"nopic\"``, 或 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1822 +msgid "" +"Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. If " +"*picname* is a filename, set the corresponding image as background. If " +"*picname* is ``\"nopic\"``, delete background image, if present. If " +"*picname* is ``None``, return the filename of the current backgroundimage. " +"::" +msgstr "" +"设置背景图片或返回当前背景图片名称。如果 *picname* 为一个文件名，则将相应图片设为背景。如果 *picname* 为 " +"``\"nopic\"``，则删除当前背景图片。如果 *picname* 为 ``None``，则返回当前背景图片文件名。::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1827 +msgid "" +">>> screen.bgpic()\n" +"'nopic'\n" +">>> screen.bgpic(\"landscape.gif\")\n" +">>> screen.bgpic()\n" +"\"landscape.gif\"" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.bgpic()\n" +"'nopic'\n" +">>> screen.bgpic(\"landscape.gif\")\n" +">>> screen.bgpic()\n" +"\"landscape.gif\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1838 +msgid "" +"This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the " +"name ``clearscreen``. The global function ``clear`` is a different one " +"derived from the Turtle method ``clear``." +msgstr "" +"此 TurtleScreen 方法作为全局函数时只有一个名字 ``clearscreen``。全局函数 ``clear`` 所对应的是 Turtle " +"方法 ``clear``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. Reset the now " +"empty TurtleScreen to its initial state: white background, no background " +"image, no event bindings and tracing on." +msgstr "从中删除所有海龟的全部绘图。将已清空的 TurtleScreen 重置为初始状态: 白色背景，无背景片，无事件绑定并启用追踪。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1854 +msgid "" +"This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the " +"name ``resetscreen``. The global function ``reset`` is another one derived " +"from the Turtle method ``reset``." +msgstr "" +"此 TurtleScreen 方法作为全局函数时只有一个名字 ``resetscreen``。全局函数 ``reset`` 所对应的是 Turtle " +"方法 ``reset``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1861 +msgid "Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state." +msgstr "重置屏幕上的所有海龟为其初始状态。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1866 +msgid "positive integer, new width of canvas in pixels" +msgstr "正整型数，以像素表示画布的新宽度值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1867 +msgid "positive integer, new height of canvas in pixels" +msgstr "正整型数，以像素表示画面的新高度值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1868 +msgid "colorstring or color-tuple, new background color" +msgstr "颜色字符串或颜色元组，新的背景颜色" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight). Else" +" resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Do not alter the drawing " +"window. To observe hidden parts of the canvas, use the scrollbars. With " +"this method, one can make visible those parts of a drawing which were " +"outside the canvas before." +msgstr "" +"如未指定任何参数，则返回当前的 (canvaswidth, " +"canvasheight)。否则改变作为海龟绘图场所的画布大小。不改变绘图窗口。要观察画布的隐藏区域，可以使用滚动条。通过此方法可以令之前绘制于画布之外的图形变为可见。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1882 +msgid "e.g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-)" +msgstr "也可以用来寻找意外逃走的海龟 ;-)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1887 +msgid "a number, x-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas" +msgstr "一个数值, 画布左下角的 x-坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1888 +msgid "a number, y-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas" +msgstr "一个数值, 画布左下角的 y-坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1889 +msgid "a number, x-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas" +msgstr "一个数值, 画面右上角的 x-坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1890 +msgid "a number, y-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas" +msgstr "一个数值, 画布右上角的 y-坐标" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1892 +msgid "" +"Set up user-defined coordinate system and switch to mode \"world\" if " +"necessary. This performs a ``screen.reset()``. If mode \"world\" is " +"already active, all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates." +msgstr "" +"设置用户自定义坐标系并在必要时切换模式为 \"world\"。这会执行一次 ``screen.reset()``。如果 \"world\" " +"模式已激活，则所有图形将根据新的坐标系重绘。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1896 +msgid "" +"**ATTENTION**: in user-defined coordinate systems angles may appear " +"distorted." +msgstr "**注意**: 在用户自定义坐标系中，角度可能显得扭曲。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1899 +msgid "" +">>> screen.reset()\n" +">>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-50,-7.5,50,7.5)\n" +">>> for _ in range(72):\n" +"... left(10)\n" +"...\n" +">>> for _ in range(8):\n" +"... left(45); fd(2) # a regular octagon" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.reset()\n" +">>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-50,-7.5,50,7.5)\n" +">>> for _ in range(72):\n" +"... left(10)\n" +"...\n" +">>> for _ in range(8):\n" +"... left(45); fd(2) # 一个正八边形" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1924 +msgid "positive integer" +msgstr "正整型数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1926 +msgid "" +"Set or return the drawing *delay* in milliseconds. (This is approximately " +"the time interval between two consecutive canvas updates.) The longer the " +"drawing delay, the slower the animation." +msgstr "设置或返回以毫秒数表示的延迟值 *delay*。(这约等于连续两次画布刷新的间隔时间。) 绘图延迟越长，动画速度越慢。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1930 +msgid "Optional argument:" +msgstr "可选参数:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1932 +msgid "" +">>> screen.delay()\n" +"10\n" +">>> screen.delay(5)\n" +">>> screen.delay()\n" +"5" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.delay()\n" +"10\n" +">>> screen.delay(5)\n" +">>> screen.delay()\n" +"5" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1944 ../../library/turtle.rst:1945 +msgid "nonnegative integer" +msgstr "非负整型数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. If *n* is " +"given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. (Can be " +"used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) When called without " +"arguments, returns the currently stored value of n. Second argument sets " +"delay value (see :func:`delay`)." +msgstr "" +"启用/禁用海龟动画并设置刷新图形的延迟时间。如果指定 *n* 值，则只有每第 n 次屏幕刷新会实际执行。(可被用来加速复杂图形的绘制。) " +"如果调用时不带参数，则返回当前保存的 n 值。第二个参数设置延迟值 (参见 :func:`delay`)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1954 +msgid "" +">>> screen.tracer(8, 25)\n" +">>> dist = 2\n" +">>> for i in range(200):\n" +"... fd(dist)\n" +"... rt(90)\n" +"... dist += 2" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.tracer(8, 25)\n" +">>> dist = 2\n" +">>> for i in range(200):\n" +"... fd(dist)\n" +"... rt(90)\n" +"... dist += 2" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1967 +msgid "Perform a TurtleScreen update. To be used when tracer is turned off." +msgstr "执行一次 TurtleScreen 刷新。在禁用追踪时使用。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1969 +msgid "See also the RawTurtle/Turtle method :func:`speed`." +msgstr "另参见 RawTurtle/Turtle 方法 :func:`speed`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1977 +msgid "" +"Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events). Dummy arguments" +" are provided in order to be able to pass :func:`listen` to the onclick " +"method." +msgstr "" +"设置焦点到 TurtleScreen (以便接收按键事件)。使用两个 Dummy 参数以便能够传递 :func:`listen` 给 onclick " +"方法。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1984 ../../library/turtle.rst:2004 +msgid "a function with no arguments or ``None``" +msgstr "一个无参数的函数或 ``None``" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1985 ../../library/turtle.rst:2005 +msgid "a string: key (e.g. \"a\") or key-symbol (e.g. \"space\")" +msgstr "一个字符串: 键 (例如 \"a\") 或键标 (例如 \"space\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"Bind *fun* to key-release event of key. If *fun* is ``None``, event " +"bindings are removed. Remark: in order to be able to register key-events, " +"TurtleScreen must have the focus. (See method :func:`listen`.)" +msgstr "" +"绑定 *fun* 指定的函数到按键释放事件。如果 *fun* 值为 ``None``，则移除事件绑定。注: " +"为了能够注册按键事件，TurtleScreen 必须得到焦点。(参见 method :func:`listen` 方法。)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:1991 +msgid "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... fd(50)\n" +"... lt(60)\n" +"...\n" +">>> screen.onkey(f, \"Up\")\n" +">>> screen.listen()" +msgstr "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... fd(50)\n" +"... lt(60)\n" +"...\n" +">>> screen.onkey(f, \"Up\")\n" +">>> screen.listen()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2007 +msgid "" +"Bind *fun* to key-press event of key if key is given, or to any key-press-" +"event if no key is given. Remark: in order to be able to register key-" +"events, TurtleScreen must have focus. (See method :func:`listen`.)" +msgstr "" +"绑定 *fun* 指定的函数到指定键的按下事件。如未指定键则绑定到任意键的按下事件。注: 为了能够注册按键事件，必须得到焦点。(参见 " +":func:`listen` 方法。)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2012 +msgid "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... fd(50)\n" +"...\n" +">>> screen.onkey(f, \"Up\")\n" +">>> screen.listen()" +msgstr "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... fd(50)\n" +"...\n" +">>> screen.onkey(f, \"Up\")\n" +">>> screen.listen()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2031 +msgid "" +"Bind *fun* to mouse-click events on this screen. If *fun* is ``None``, " +"existing bindings are removed." +msgstr "绑定 *fun* 指定的函数到鼠标点击屏幕事件。如果 *fun* 值为 ``None``，则移除现有的绑定。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2034 +msgid "" +"Example for a TurtleScreen instance named ``screen`` and a Turtle instance " +"named ``turtle``:" +msgstr "以下示例使用一个 TurtleScreen 实例 ``screen`` 和一个 Turtle 实例 ``turtle``:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2037 +msgid "" +">>> screen.onclick(turtle.goto) # Subsequently clicking into the TurtleScreen will\n" +">>> # make the turtle move to the clicked point.\n" +">>> screen.onclick(None) # remove event binding again" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.onclick(turtle.goto) # 后续对 TurtleScreen 的点击\n" +">>> # 将使海龟移至被点击的位置。\n" +">>> screen.onclick(None) # 再次移除事件绑定" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2045 +msgid "" +"This TurtleScreen method is available as a global function only under the " +"name ``onscreenclick``. The global function ``onclick`` is another one " +"derived from the Turtle method ``onclick``." +msgstr "" +"此 TurtleScreen 方法作为全局函数时只有一个名字 ``onscreenclick``。全局函数 ``onclick`` 所对应的是 " +"Turtle 方法 ``onclick``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2052 +msgid "a function with no arguments" +msgstr "一个无参数的函数" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2053 +msgid "a number >= 0" +msgstr "一个数值 >= 0" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2055 +msgid "Install a timer that calls *fun* after *t* milliseconds." +msgstr "安装一个计时器，在 *t* 毫秒后调用 *fun* 函数。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2057 +msgid "" +">>> running = True\n" +">>> def f():\n" +"... if running:\n" +"... fd(50)\n" +"... lt(60)\n" +"... screen.ontimer(f, 250)\n" +">>> f() ### makes the turtle march around\n" +">>> running = False" +msgstr "" +">>> running = True\n" +">>> def f():\n" +"... if running:\n" +"... fd(50)\n" +"... lt(60)\n" +"... screen.ontimer(f, 250)\n" +">>> f() ### 让海龟随意前进\n" +">>> running = False" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2073 +msgid "" +"Starts event loop - calling Tkinter's mainloop function. Must be the last " +"statement in a turtle graphics program. Must *not* be used if a script is " +"run from within IDLE in -n mode (No subprocess) - for interactive use of " +"turtle graphics. ::" +msgstr "" +"开始事件循环 - 调用 Tkinter 的 mainloop 函数。必须作为一个海龟绘图程序的结束语句。如果一个脚本是在以 -n 模式 (无子进程) " +"启动的 IDLE 中运行时 *不可* 使用 - 用于实现海龟绘图的交互功能。::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2078 +msgid ">>> screen.mainloop()" +msgstr ">>> screen.mainloop()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2086 ../../library/turtle.rst:2087 +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2099 ../../library/turtle.rst:2100 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2089 +msgid "" +"Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. Parameter title is the title " +"of the dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what information to" +" input. Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return ``None``." +" ::" +msgstr "" +"弹出一个对话框窗口用来输入一个字符串。形参 title 为对话框窗口的标题，prompt " +"为一条文本，通常用来提示要输入什么信息。返回输入的字符串。如果对话框被取消则返回 ``None``。::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2094 +msgid ">>> screen.textinput(\"NIM\", \"Name of first player:\")" +msgstr ">>> screen.textinput(\"NIM\", \"Name of first player:\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2105 +msgid "" +"Pop up a dialog window for input of a number. title is the title of the " +"dialog window, prompt is a text mostly describing what numerical information" +" to input. default: default value, minval: minimum value for input, maxval: " +"maximum value for input. The number input must be in the range minval .. " +"maxval if these are given. If not, a hint is issued and the dialog remains " +"open for correction. Return the number input. If the dialog is canceled, " +"return ``None``. ::" +msgstr "" +"弹出一个用于输入数值的对话框窗口。 title 是对话框窗口的标题，prompt 是通常用来描述要输入的数字信息的文本。 default: 默认值, " +"minval: 可输入的最小值, maxval: 可输入的最大值。 如果给出 minval .. maxval 则输入的数值必须在此范围以内。 " +"如未给出，则将发出提示并且让话框保持打开以便修正。 返回输入的数值。 如果对话框被取消，则返回 ``None``。 ::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2114 +msgid "" +">>> screen.numinput(\"Poker\", \"Your stakes:\", 1000, minval=10, " +"maxval=10000)" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.numinput(\"Poker\", \"Your stakes:\", 1000, minval=10, " +"maxval=10000)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2122 +msgid "one of the strings \"standard\", \"logo\" or \"world\"" +msgstr "字符串 \"standard\", \"logo\" 或 \"world\" 其中之一" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"Set turtle mode (\"standard\", \"logo\" or \"world\") and perform reset. If" +" mode is not given, current mode is returned." +msgstr "设置海龟模式 (\"standard\", \"logo\" 或 \"world\") 并执行重置。如未指定模式则返回当前的模式。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2127 +msgid "" +"Mode \"standard\" is compatible with old :mod:`turtle`. Mode \"logo\" is " +"compatible with most Logo turtle graphics. Mode \"world\" uses user-defined" +" \"world coordinates\". **Attention**: in this mode angles appear distorted " +"if ``x/y`` unit-ratio doesn't equal 1." +msgstr "" +"\"standard\" 模式与旧的 :mod:`turtle` 兼容。\"logo\" 模式与大部分 Logo 海龟绘图兼容。\"world\" " +"模式使用用户自定义的 \"世界坐标系\"。**注意**: 在此模式下，如果 ``x/y`` 单位比率不等于 1 则角度会显得扭曲。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2133 +msgid "Mode" +msgstr "模式" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2133 +msgid "Initial turtle heading" +msgstr "初始海龟朝向" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2133 +msgid "positive angles" +msgstr "正数角度" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2135 +msgid "\"standard\"" +msgstr "\"standard\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2135 +msgid "to the right (east)" +msgstr "朝右 (东)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2135 +msgid "counterclockwise" +msgstr "逆时针" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2136 +msgid "\"logo\"" +msgstr "\"logo\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2136 +msgid "upward (north)" +msgstr "朝上 (北)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2136 +msgid "clockwise" +msgstr "顺时针" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2139 +msgid "" +">>> mode(\"logo\") # resets turtle heading to north\n" +">>> mode()\n" +"'logo'" +msgstr "" +">>> mode(\"logo\") # 将海龟重置为朝向北方\n" +">>> mode()\n" +"'logo'" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2149 +msgid "one of the values 1.0 or 255" +msgstr "数值 1.0 或 255 其中之一" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2151 +msgid "" +"Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255. Subsequently *r*, *g*, *b* " +"values of color triples have to be in the range 0..*cmode*." +msgstr "" +"返回 colormode 或将其设为 1.0 或 255。 后续表示三原色的 *r*, *g*, *b* 值必须在 0..*cmode* 范围之内。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2154 +msgid "" +">>> screen.colormode(1)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(240, 160, 80)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TurtleGraphicsError: bad color sequence: (240, 160, 80)\n" +">>> screen.colormode()\n" +"1.0\n" +">>> screen.colormode(255)\n" +">>> screen.colormode()\n" +"255\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(240,160,80)" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.colormode(1)\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(240, 160, 80)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TurtleGraphicsError: bad color sequence: (240, 160, 80)\n" +">>> screen.colormode()\n" +"1.0\n" +">>> screen.colormode(255)\n" +">>> screen.colormode()\n" +"255\n" +">>> turtle.pencolor(240,160,80)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2172 +msgid "" +"Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen. Useful for insiders who know what " +"to do with a Tkinter Canvas." +msgstr "返回此 TurtleScreen 的 Canvas 对象。供了解 Tkinter 的 Canvas 对象内部机理的人士使用。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2175 +msgid "" +">>> cv = screen.getcanvas()\n" +">>> cv\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> cv = screen.getcanvas()\n" +">>> cv\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2185 +msgid "Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes." +msgstr "返回所有当前可用海龟形状的列表。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2187 +msgid "" +">>> screen.getshapes()\n" +"['arrow', 'blank', 'circle', ..., 'turtle']" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.getshapes()\n" +"['arrow', 'blank', 'circle', ..., 'turtle']" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2197 +msgid "There are three different ways to call this function:" +msgstr "调用此函数有三种不同方式:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2199 +msgid "" +"*name* is the name of a gif-file and *shape* is ``None``: Install the " +"corresponding image shape. ::" +msgstr "*name* 为一个 gif 文件的文件名， *shape* 为 ``None``: 安装相应的图像形状。::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2202 +msgid ">>> screen.register_shape(\"turtle.gif\")" +msgstr ">>> screen.register_shape(\"turtle.gif\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2205 +msgid "" +"Image shapes *do not* rotate when turning the turtle, so they do not display" +" the heading of the turtle!" +msgstr "当海龟转向时图像形状 *不会* 转动，因此无法显示海龟的朝向!" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2208 +msgid "" +"*name* is an arbitrary string and *shape* is a tuple of pairs of " +"coordinates: Install the corresponding polygon shape." +msgstr "*name* 为指定的字符串，*shape* 为由坐标值对构成的元组: 安装相应的多边形形状。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2211 +msgid ">>> screen.register_shape(\"triangle\", ((5,-3), (0,5), (-5,-3)))" +msgstr ">>> screen.register_shape(\"triangle\", ((5,-3), (0,5), (-5,-3)))" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2216 +msgid "" +"*name* is an arbitrary string and *shape* is a (compound) :class:`Shape` " +"object: Install the corresponding compound shape." +msgstr "" +"*name* 为任意字符串而 *shape* 为 (复合) :class:`Shape` 对象：安装相应的复合形状。Install the " +"corresponding compound shape." + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"Add a turtle shape to TurtleScreen's shapelist. Only thusly registered " +"shapes can be used by issuing the command ``shape(shapename)``." +msgstr "" +"将一个海龟形状加入 TurtleScreen 的形状列表。只有这样注册过的形状才能通过执行 ``shape(shapename)`` 命令来使用。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2225 +msgid "Return the list of turtles on the screen." +msgstr "返回屏幕上的海龟列表。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2227 +msgid "" +">>> for turtle in screen.turtles():\n" +"... turtle.color(\"red\")" +msgstr "" +">>> for turtle in screen.turtles():\n" +"... turtle.color(\"red\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2236 +msgid "Return the height of the turtle window. ::" +msgstr "返回海龟窗口的高度。::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2238 +msgid "" +">>> screen.window_height()\n" +"480" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.window_height()\n" +"480" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2244 +msgid "Return the width of the turtle window. ::" +msgstr "返回海龟窗口的宽度。::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2246 +msgid "" +">>> screen.window_width()\n" +"640" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.window_width()\n" +"640" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2253 +msgid "Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen" +msgstr "Screen 专有方法, 而非继承自 TurtleScreen" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2257 +msgid "Shut the turtlegraphics window." +msgstr "关闭海龟绘图窗口。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2262 +msgid "Bind ``bye()`` method to mouse clicks on the Screen." +msgstr "将 ``bye()`` 方法绑定到 Screen 上的鼠标点击事件。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2265 +msgid "" +"If the value \"using_IDLE\" in the configuration dictionary is ``False`` " +"(default value), also enter mainloop. Remark: If IDLE with the ``-n`` " +"switch (no subprocess) is used, this value should be set to ``True`` in " +":file:`turtle.cfg`. In this case IDLE's own mainloop is active also for the" +" client script." +msgstr "" +"如果配置字典中 \"using_IDLE\" 的值为 ``False`` (默认值) 则同时进入主事件循环。注: 如果启动 IDLE 时使用了 " +"``-n`` 开关 (无子进程)，:file:`turtle.cfg` 中此数值应设为 ``True``。在此情况下 IDLE " +"本身的主事件循环同样会作用于客户脚本。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2274 +msgid "" +"Set the size and position of the main window. Default values of arguments " +"are stored in the configuration dictionary and can be changed via a " +":file:`turtle.cfg` file." +msgstr "设置主窗口的大小和位置。默认参数值保存在配置字典中，可通过 :file:`turtle.cfg` 文件进行修改。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2278 +msgid "" +"if an integer, a size in pixels, if a float, a fraction of the screen; " +"default is 50% of screen" +msgstr "如为一个整型数值，表示大小为多少像素，如为一个浮点数值，则表示屏幕的占比；默认为屏幕的 50%" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2280 +msgid "" +"if an integer, the height in pixels, if a float, a fraction of the screen; " +"default is 75% of screen" +msgstr "如为一个整型数值，表示高度为多少像素，如为一个浮点数值，则表示屏幕的占比；默认为屏幕的 75%" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2282 +msgid "" +"if positive, starting position in pixels from the left edge of the screen, " +"if negative from the right edge, if ``None``, center window horizontally" +msgstr "如为正值，表示初始位置距离屏幕左边缘多少像素，负值表示距离右边缘，``None`` 表示窗口水平居中" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2285 +msgid "" +"if positive, starting position in pixels from the top edge of the screen, if" +" negative from the bottom edge, if ``None``, center window vertically" +msgstr "如为正值，表示初始位置距离屏幕上边缘多少像素，负值表示距离下边缘，``None`` 表示窗口垂直居中" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2289 +msgid "" +">>> screen.setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0)\n" +">>> # sets window to 200x200 pixels, in upper left of screen\n" +">>> screen.setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None)\n" +">>> # sets window to 75% of screen by 50% of screen and centers" +msgstr "" +">>> screen.setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0)\n" +">>> # 设置窗口为 200x200 像素，位于屏幕左上角\n" +">>> screen.setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None)\n" +">>> # 设置窗口宽度为屏幕的 75% 高度为屏幕的 50% 并居中" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2300 +msgid "a string that is shown in the titlebar of the turtle graphics window" +msgstr "一个字符串，显示为海龟绘图窗口的标题栏文本" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2303 +msgid "Set title of turtle window to *titlestring*." +msgstr "设置海龟窗口标题为 *titlestring* 指定的文本。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2305 +msgid ">>> screen.title(\"Welcome to the turtle zoo!\")" +msgstr ">>> screen.title(\"Welcome to the turtle zoo!\")" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2312 +msgid "Public classes" +msgstr "公共类" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2318 +msgid "" +"a :class:`!tkinter.Canvas`, a :class:`ScrolledCanvas` or a " +":class:`TurtleScreen`" +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`!tkinter.Canvas`, :class:`ScrolledCanvas` 或 :class:`TurtleScreen`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2321 +msgid "" +"Create a turtle. The turtle has all methods described above as \"methods of" +" Turtle/RawTurtle\"." +msgstr "创建一个海龟。海龟对象具有 \"Turtle/RawTurtle 方法\" 一节所述的全部方法。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2327 +msgid "" +"Subclass of RawTurtle, has the same interface but draws on a default " +":class:`Screen` object created automatically when needed for the first time." +msgstr "RawTurtle 的子类，具有相同的接口，但其绘图场所为默认的 :class:`Screen` 类对象，在首次使用时自动创建。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2333 +msgid "a :class:`!tkinter.Canvas`" +msgstr "一个 :class:`!tkinter.Canvas`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2335 +msgid "" +"Provides screen oriented methods like :func:`bgcolor` etc. that are " +"described above." +msgstr "提供面向屏幕的方法如 :func:`bgcolor` 等。 说明见上文。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2340 +msgid "" +"Subclass of TurtleScreen, with :ref:`four methods added `." +msgstr "TurtleScreen 的子类，:ref:`增加了四个方法 `." + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2345 +msgid "" +"some Tkinter widget to contain the ScrolledCanvas, i.e. a Tkinter-canvas " +"with scrollbars added" +msgstr "可容纳 ScrolledCanvas 的 Tkinter 部件，即添加了滚动条的 Tkinter-canvas" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2348 +msgid "" +"Used by class Screen, which thus automatically provides a ScrolledCanvas as " +"playground for the turtles." +msgstr "由 Screen 类使用，使其能够自动提供一个 ScrolledCanvas 作为海龟的绘图场所。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2353 +msgid "one of the strings \"polygon\", \"image\", \"compound\"" +msgstr "字符串 \"polygon\", \"image\", \"compound\" 其中之一" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2355 +msgid "" +"Data structure modeling shapes. The pair ``(type_, data)`` must follow this" +" specification:" +msgstr "实现形状的数据结构。``(type_, data)`` 必须遵循以下定义:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2360 +msgid "*type_*" +msgstr "*type_*" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2360 +msgid "*data*" +msgstr "*data*" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2362 +msgid "\"polygon\"" +msgstr "\"polygon\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2362 +msgid "a polygon-tuple, i.e. a tuple of pairs of coordinates" +msgstr "一个多边形元组，即由坐标值对构成的元组" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2363 +msgid "\"image\"" +msgstr "\"image\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2363 +msgid "an image (in this form only used internally!)" +msgstr "一个图片 (此形式仅限内部使用!)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2364 +msgid "\"compound\"" +msgstr "\"compound\"" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2364 +msgid "" +"``None`` (a compound shape has to be constructed using the " +":meth:`addcomponent` method)" +msgstr "``None`` (复合形状必须使用 :meth:`addcomponent` 方法来构建)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2370 +msgid "a polygon, i.e. a tuple of pairs of numbers" +msgstr "一个多边形，即由数值对构成的元组" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2371 +msgid "a color the *poly* will be filled with" +msgstr "一种颜色，将用来填充 *poly* 指定的多边形" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2372 +msgid "a color for the poly's outline (if given)" +msgstr "一种颜色，用于多边形的轮廓 (如有指定)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2374 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2376 +msgid "" +">>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5))\n" +">>> s = Shape(\"compound\")\n" +">>> s.addcomponent(poly, \"red\", \"blue\")\n" +">>> # ... add more components and then use register_shape()" +msgstr "" +">>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5))\n" +">>> s = Shape(\"compound\")\n" +">>> s.addcomponent(poly, \"red\", \"blue\")\n" +">>> # ... 添加更多组件，然后使用 register_shape()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2384 +msgid "See :ref:`compoundshapes`." +msgstr "参见 :ref:`compoundshapes`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2389 +msgid "" +"A two-dimensional vector class, used as a helper class for implementing " +"turtle graphics. May be useful for turtle graphics programs too. Derived " +"from tuple, so a vector is a tuple!" +msgstr "一个二维矢量类，用来作为实现海龟绘图的辅助类。也可能在海龟绘图程序中使用。派生自元组，因此矢量也属于元组!" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2393 +msgid "Provides (for *a*, *b* vectors, *k* number):" +msgstr "提供的运算 (*a*, *b* 为矢量, *k* 为数值):" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2395 +msgid "``a + b`` vector addition" +msgstr "``a + b`` 矢量加法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2396 +msgid "``a - b`` vector subtraction" +msgstr "``a - b`` 矢量减法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2397 +msgid "``a * b`` inner product" +msgstr "``a * b`` 内积" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2398 +msgid "``k * a`` and ``a * k`` multiplication with scalar" +msgstr "``k * a`` 和 ``a * k`` 与标量相乘" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2399 +msgid "``abs(a)`` absolute value of a" +msgstr "``abs(a)`` a 的绝对值" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2400 +msgid "``a.rotate(angle)`` rotation" +msgstr "``a.rotate(angle)`` 旋转" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2406 +msgid "Explanation" +msgstr "说明" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2408 +msgid "" +"A turtle object draws on a screen object, and there a number of key classes " +"in the turtle object-oriented interface that can be used to create them and " +"relate them to each other." +msgstr "海龟对象在屏幕对象上绘图，在 turtle 的面向对象接口中有许多关键的类可被用于创建它们并将它们相互关联。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2412 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Turtle` instance will automatically create a :class:`Screen` " +"instance if one is not already present." +msgstr ":class:`Turtle` 实例将自动创建一个 :class:`Screen` 实例，如果它还未创建的话。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2415 +msgid "" +"``Turtle`` is a subclass of :class:`RawTurtle`, which *doesn't* " +"automatically create a drawing surface - a *canvas* will need to be provided" +" or created for it. The *canvas* can be a :class:`!tkinter.Canvas`, " +":class:`ScrolledCanvas` or :class:`TurtleScreen`." +msgstr "" +"``Turtle`` 是 :class:`RawTurtle` 的子类，它 *不会* 自动创建绘图区域 —— 需要为其提供或创建一个 *canvas*。" +" *canvas* 可以是一个 :class:`!tkinter.Canvas`, :class:`ScrolledCanvas` 或 " +":class:`TurtleScreen`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2421 +msgid "" +":class:`TurtleScreen` is the basic drawing surface for a turtle. " +":class:`Screen` is a subclass of ``TurtleScreen``, and includes :ref:`some " +"additional methods ` for managing its appearance (including " +"size and title) and behaviour. ``TurtleScreen``'s constructor needs a " +":class:`!tkinter.Canvas` or a :class:`ScrolledCanvas` as an argument." +msgstr "" +":class:`TurtleScreen` 是基本的海龟绘图区域。 :class:`Screen` 是 ``TurtleScreen`` 的子类，并包括" +" :ref:`一些额外方法 ` 用来管理其外观（包括大小和标题）及行为。 ``TurtleScreen`` " +"的构造器需要一个 :class:`!tkinter.Canvas` 或 :class:`ScrolledCanvas` 作为参数。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2428 +msgid "" +"The functional interface for turtle graphics uses the various methods of " +"``Turtle`` and ``TurtleScreen``/``Screen``. Behind the scenes, a screen " +"object is automatically created whenever a function derived from a " +"``Screen`` method is called. Similarly, a turtle object is automatically " +"created whenever any of the functions derived from a Turtle method is " +"called." +msgstr "" +"海龟绘图形的函数式接口使用 ``Turtle`` 和 ``TurtleScreen``/``Screen`` 的各种方法。 在下层，每当从 " +"``Screen`` 方法派生的函数被调用时就会自动创建一个屏幕对象。 同样地，每当从 Turtle 方法派生的函数被调用时也都会自动创建一个 " +"Turtle 对象。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2434 +msgid "" +"To use multiple turtles on a screen, the object-oriented interface must be " +"used." +msgstr "要在一个屏幕中使用多个海龟，就必须使用面向对象的接口。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2439 +msgid "Help and configuration" +msgstr "帮助与配置" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2442 +msgid "How to use help" +msgstr "如何使用帮助" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2444 +msgid "" +"The public methods of the Screen and Turtle classes are documented " +"extensively via docstrings. So these can be used as online-help via the " +"Python help facilities:" +msgstr "Screen 和 Turtle 类的公用方法以文档字符串提供了详细的文档。因此可以利用 Python 帮助工具获取这些在线帮助信息:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2448 +msgid "" +"When using IDLE, tooltips show the signatures and first lines of the " +"docstrings of typed in function-/method calls." +msgstr "当使用 IDLE 时，输入函数/方法调用将弹出工具提示显示其签名和文档字符串的头几行。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2451 +msgid "Calling :func:`help` on methods or functions displays the docstrings::" +msgstr "对文法或函数调用 :func:`help` 将显示其文档字符串::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2453 +msgid "" +">>> help(Screen.bgcolor)\n" +"Help on method bgcolor in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"bgcolor(self, *args) unbound turtle.Screen method\n" +" Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen.\n" +"\n" +" Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers\n" +" in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor(\"orange\")\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +" \"orange\"\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5)\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +" \"#800080\"\n" +"\n" +">>> help(Turtle.penup)\n" +"Help on method penup in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"penup(self) unbound turtle.Turtle method\n" +" Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving.\n" +"\n" +" Aliases: penup | pu | up\n" +"\n" +" No argument\n" +"\n" +" >>> turtle.penup()" +msgstr "" +">>> help(Screen.bgcolor)\n" +"Help on method bgcolor in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"bgcolor(self, *args) unbound turtle.Screen method\n" +" Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen.\n" +"\n" +" Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers\n" +" in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor(\"orange\")\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +" \"orange\"\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5)\n" +" >>> screen.bgcolor()\n" +" \"#800080\"\n" +"\n" +">>> help(Turtle.penup)\n" +"Help on method penup in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"penup(self) unbound turtle.Turtle method\n" +" Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving.\n" +"\n" +" Aliases: penup | pu | up\n" +"\n" +" No argument\n" +"\n" +" >>> turtle.penup()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2482 +msgid "" +"The docstrings of the functions which are derived from methods have a " +"modified form::" +msgstr "方法对应函数的文档字符串的形式会有一些修改::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2485 +msgid "" +">>> help(bgcolor)\n" +"Help on function bgcolor in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"bgcolor(*args)\n" +" Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen.\n" +"\n" +" Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers\n" +" in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers.\n" +"\n" +" Example::\n" +"\n" +" >>> bgcolor(\"orange\")\n" +" >>> bgcolor()\n" +" \"orange\"\n" +" >>> bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5)\n" +" >>> bgcolor()\n" +" \"#800080\"\n" +"\n" +">>> help(penup)\n" +"Help on function penup in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"penup()\n" +" Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving.\n" +"\n" +" Aliases: penup | pu | up\n" +"\n" +" No argument\n" +"\n" +" Example:\n" +" >>> penup()" +msgstr "" +">>> help(bgcolor)\n" +"Help on function bgcolor in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"bgcolor(*args)\n" +" Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen.\n" +"\n" +" Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers\n" +" in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers.\n" +"\n" +" Example::\n" +"\n" +" >>> bgcolor(\"orange\")\n" +" >>> bgcolor()\n" +" \"orange\"\n" +" >>> bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5)\n" +" >>> bgcolor()\n" +" \"#800080\"\n" +"\n" +">>> help(penup)\n" +"Help on function penup in module turtle:\n" +"\n" +"penup()\n" +" Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving.\n" +"\n" +" Aliases: penup | pu | up\n" +"\n" +" No argument\n" +"\n" +" Example:\n" +" >>> penup()" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2516 +msgid "" +"These modified docstrings are created automatically together with the " +"function definitions that are derived from the methods at import time." +msgstr "这些修改版文档字符串是在导入时与方法对应函数的定义一起自动生成的。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2521 +msgid "Translation of docstrings into different languages" +msgstr "文档字符串翻译为不同的语言" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2523 +msgid "" +"There is a utility to create a dictionary the keys of which are the method " +"names and the values of which are the docstrings of the public methods of " +"the classes Screen and Turtle." +msgstr "可使用工具创建一个字典，键为方法名，值为 Screen 和 Turtle 类公共方法的文档字符串。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2529 +msgid "a string, used as filename" +msgstr "一个字符串，表示文件名" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2531 +msgid "" +"Create and write docstring-dictionary to a Python script with the given " +"filename. This function has to be called explicitly (it is not used by the " +"turtle graphics classes). The docstring dictionary will be written to the " +"Python script :file:`{filename}.py`. It is intended to serve as a template " +"for translation of the docstrings into different languages." +msgstr "" +"创建文档字符串字典并将其写入 filename 指定的 Python 脚本文件。此函数必须显示地调用 " +"(海龟绘图类并不使用此函数)。文档字符串字典将被写入到 Python 脚本文件 " +":file:`{filename}.py`。该文件可作为模板用来将文档字符串翻译为不同语言。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2537 +msgid "" +"If you (or your students) want to use :mod:`turtle` with online help in your" +" native language, you have to translate the docstrings and save the " +"resulting file as e.g. :file:`turtle_docstringdict_german.py`." +msgstr "" +"如果你 (或你的学生) 想使用本国语言版本的 :mod:`turtle` 在线帮助，你必须翻译文档字符串并保存结果文件，例如 " +":file:`turtle_docstringdict_german.py`." + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2541 +msgid "" +"If you have an appropriate entry in your :file:`turtle.cfg` file this " +"dictionary will be read in at import time and will replace the original " +"English docstrings." +msgstr "如果你在 :file:`turtle.cfg` 文件中加入了相应的条目，此字典将在导入模块时被读取并替代原有的英文版文档字符串。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2544 +msgid "" +"At the time of this writing there are docstring dictionaries in German and " +"in Italian. (Requests please to glingl@aon.at.)" +msgstr "在撰写本文档时已经有了德语和意大利语版的文档字符串字典。(更多需求请联系 glingl@aon.at)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2550 +msgid "How to configure Screen and Turtles" +msgstr "如何配置 Screen 和 Turtle" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2552 +msgid "" +"The built-in default configuration mimics the appearance and behaviour of " +"the old turtle module in order to retain best possible compatibility with " +"it." +msgstr "内置的默认配置是模仿旧 turtle 模块的外观和行为，以便尽可能地与其保持兼容。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2555 +msgid "" +"If you want to use a different configuration which better reflects the " +"features of this module or which better fits to your needs, e.g. for use in " +"a classroom, you can prepare a configuration file ``turtle.cfg`` which will " +"be read at import time and modify the configuration according to its " +"settings." +msgstr "" +"如果你想使用不同的配置，以便更好地反映此模块的特性或是更适合你的需求，例如在课堂中使用，你可以准备一个配置文件 " +"``turtle.cfg``，该文件将在导入模块时被读取并根据其中的设定修改模块配置。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2560 +msgid "" +"The built in configuration would correspond to the following ``turtle.cfg``:" +msgstr "内置的配置对应了下面的 ``turtle.cfg``:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2562 +msgid "" +"width = 0.5\n" +"height = 0.75\n" +"leftright = None\n" +"topbottom = None\n" +"canvwidth = 400\n" +"canvheight = 300\n" +"mode = standard\n" +"colormode = 1.0\n" +"delay = 10\n" +"undobuffersize = 1000\n" +"shape = classic\n" +"pencolor = black\n" +"fillcolor = black\n" +"resizemode = noresize\n" +"visible = True\n" +"language = english\n" +"exampleturtle = turtle\n" +"examplescreen = screen\n" +"title = Python Turtle Graphics\n" +"using_IDLE = False" +msgstr "" +"width = 0.5\n" +"height = 0.75\n" +"leftright = None\n" +"topbottom = None\n" +"canvwidth = 400\n" +"canvheight = 300\n" +"mode = standard\n" +"colormode = 1.0\n" +"delay = 10\n" +"undobuffersize = 1000\n" +"shape = classic\n" +"pencolor = black\n" +"fillcolor = black\n" +"resizemode = noresize\n" +"visible = True\n" +"language = english\n" +"exampleturtle = turtle\n" +"examplescreen = screen\n" +"title = Python Turtle Graphics\n" +"using_IDLE = False" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2585 +msgid "Short explanation of selected entries:" +msgstr "选定条目的简短说明:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2587 +msgid "" +"The first four lines correspond to the arguments of the :func:`Screen.setup " +"` method." +msgstr "开头的四行对应了 :func:`Screen.setup ` 方法的参数。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2589 +msgid "" +"Line 5 and 6 correspond to the arguments of the method " +":func:`Screen.screensize `." +msgstr "第 5 和第 6 行对应于 :func:`Screen.screensize ` 方法的参数。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2591 +msgid "" +"*shape* can be any of the built-in shapes, e.g: arrow, turtle, etc. For " +"more info try ``help(shape)``." +msgstr "*shape* 可以是任何内置形状，即: arrow, turtle 等。更多信息可用 ``help(shape)`` 查看。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2593 +msgid "" +"If you want to use no fill color (i.e. make the turtle transparent), you " +"have to write ``fillcolor = \"\"`` (but all nonempty strings must not have " +"quotes in the cfg file)." +msgstr "" +"如果你想使用无填充色（即让海龟变透明），则你必须写 ``fillcolor = \"\"`` (但在but all nonempty strings " +"must not have quotes in the cfg 文件中所有非空字符串都不可加引号)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2596 +msgid "" +"If you want to reflect the turtle its state, you have to use ``resizemode = " +"auto``." +msgstr "如果你想令海龟反映其状态，你必须使用 ``resizemode = auto``。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2598 +msgid "" +"If you set e.g. ``language = italian`` the docstringdict " +":file:`turtle_docstringdict_italian.py` will be loaded at import time (if " +"present on the import path, e.g. in the same directory as :mod:`turtle`)." +msgstr "" +"例如当你设置了 ``language = italian`` 则文档字符串字典 " +":file:`turtle_docstringdict_italian.py` 将在导入时被加载（如果它存在于导入路径，即与 :mod:`turtle`" +" 相同的目录中）。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2601 +msgid "" +"The entries *exampleturtle* and *examplescreen* define the names of these " +"objects as they occur in the docstrings. The transformation of method-" +"docstrings to function-docstrings will delete these names from the " +"docstrings." +msgstr "" +"*exampleturtle* 和 *examplescreen* " +"条目定义了相应对象在文档字符串中显示的名称。方法文档字符串转换为函数文档字符串时将从文档字符串中删去这些名称。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2605 +msgid "" +"*using_IDLE*: Set this to ``True`` if you regularly work with IDLE and its " +"``-n`` switch (\"no subprocess\"). This will prevent :func:`exitonclick` to" +" enter the mainloop." +msgstr "" +"*using_IDLE*: 如果你经常使用 IDLE 及其 ``-n`` 开关选项（\"无子进程\"）则将此项设为 ``True``。 这将阻止 " +":func:`exitonclick` 进入主事件循环。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2609 +msgid "" +"There can be a :file:`turtle.cfg` file in the directory where :mod:`turtle` " +"is stored and an additional one in the current working directory. The " +"latter will override the settings of the first one." +msgstr "" +":file:`turtle.cfg` 文件可以保存于 :mod:`turtle` 所在目录，当前工作目录也可以有一个同名文件。后者会重载覆盖前者的设置。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2613 +msgid "" +"The :file:`Lib/turtledemo` directory contains a :file:`turtle.cfg` file. " +"You can study it as an example and see its effects when running the demos " +"(preferably not from within the demo-viewer)." +msgstr "" +":file:`Lib/turtledemo` 目录中也有一个 :file:`turtle.cfg` " +"文件。你可以将其作为示例进行研究，并在运行演示时查看其作用效果 (但最好不要在演示查看器中运行)。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2619 +msgid ":mod:`turtledemo` --- Demo scripts" +msgstr ":mod:`turtledemo` --- 演示脚本集" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2624 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`turtledemo` package includes a set of demo scripts. These scripts" +" can be run and viewed using the supplied demo viewer as follows::" +msgstr ":mod:`turtledemo` 包汇集了一组演示脚本。这些脚本可以通过以下命令打开所提供的演示查看器运行和查看::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2627 +msgid "python -m turtledemo" +msgstr "python -m turtledemo" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2629 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, you can run the demo scripts individually. For example, ::" +msgstr "此外，你也可以单独运行其中的演示脚本。例如，::" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2631 +msgid "python -m turtledemo.bytedesign" +msgstr "python -m turtledemo.bytedesign" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2633 +msgid "The :mod:`turtledemo` package directory contains:" +msgstr ":mod:`turtledemo` 包目录中的内容:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2635 +msgid "" +"A demo viewer :file:`__main__.py` which can be used to view the sourcecode " +"of the scripts and run them at the same time." +msgstr "一个演示查看器 :file:`__main__.py`，可用来查看脚本的源码并即时运行。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2637 +msgid "" +"Multiple scripts demonstrating different features of the :mod:`turtle` " +"module. Examples can be accessed via the Examples menu. They can also be " +"run standalone." +msgstr "多个脚本文件，演示 :mod:`turtle` 模块的不同特性。所有示例可通过 Examples 菜单打开。也可以单独运行每个脚本。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2640 +msgid "" +"A :file:`turtle.cfg` file which serves as an example of how to write and use" +" such files." +msgstr "一个 :file:`turtle.cfg` 文件，作为说明如何编写并使用模块配置文件的示例模板。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2643 +msgid "The demo scripts are:" +msgstr "演示脚本清单如下:" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2650 +msgid "Name" +msgstr "名称" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2650 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2650 +msgid "Features" +msgstr "相关特性" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2652 +msgid "bytedesign" +msgstr "bytedesign" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2652 +msgid "complex classical turtle graphics pattern" +msgstr "复杂的传统海龟绘图模式" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2652 +msgid ":func:`tracer`, delay, :func:`update`" +msgstr ":func:`tracer`, delay, :func:`update`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2655 +msgid "chaos" +msgstr "chaos" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2655 +msgid "" +"graphs Verhulst dynamics, shows that computer's computations can generate " +"results sometimes against the common sense expectations" +msgstr "绘制 Verhulst 动态模型，演示通过计算机的运算可能会生成令人惊叹的结果" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2655 +msgid "world coordinates" +msgstr "世界坐标系" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2661 +msgid "clock" +msgstr "clock" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2661 +msgid "analog clock showing time of your computer" +msgstr "绘制模拟时钟显示本机的当前时间" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2661 +msgid "turtles as clock's hands, ontimer" +msgstr "海龟作为表针, ontimer" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2664 +msgid "colormixer" +msgstr "colormixer" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2664 +msgid "experiment with r, g, b" +msgstr "试验 r, g, b 颜色模式" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2666 +msgid "forest" +msgstr "forest" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2666 +msgid "3 breadth-first trees" +msgstr "绘制 3 棵广度优先树" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2666 +msgid "randomization" +msgstr "随机化" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2668 +msgid "fractalcurves" +msgstr "fractalcurves" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2668 +msgid "Hilbert & Koch curves" +msgstr "绘制 Hilbert & Koch 曲线" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2668 +msgid "recursion" +msgstr "递归" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2670 +msgid "lindenmayer" +msgstr "lindenmayer" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2670 +msgid "ethnomathematics (indian kolams)" +msgstr "文化数学 (印度装饰艺术)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2670 +msgid "L-System" +msgstr "L-系统" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2673 +msgid "minimal_hanoi" +msgstr "minimal_hanoi" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2673 +msgid "Towers of Hanoi" +msgstr "汉诺塔" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2673 +msgid "Rectangular Turtles as Hanoi discs (shape, shapesize)" +msgstr "矩形海龟作为汉诺盘 (shape, shapesize)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2677 +msgid "nim" +msgstr "nim" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2677 +msgid "" +"play the classical nim game with three heaps of sticks against the computer." +msgstr "玩经典的“尼姆”游戏，开始时有三堆小棒，与电脑对战。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2677 +msgid "turtles as nimsticks, event driven (mouse, keyboard)" +msgstr "海龟作为小棒，事件驱动 (鼠标, 键盘)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2681 +msgid "paint" +msgstr "paint" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2681 +msgid "super minimalistic drawing program" +msgstr "超极简主义绘画程序" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2684 +msgid "peace" +msgstr "peace" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2684 +msgid "elementary" +msgstr "初级技巧" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2684 +msgid "turtle: appearance and animation" +msgstr "海龟: 外观与动画" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2687 +msgid "penrose" +msgstr "penrose" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2687 +msgid "aperiodic tiling with kites and darts" +msgstr "非周期性地使用风筝和飞镖形状铺满平面" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2690 +msgid "planet_and_moon" +msgstr "planet_and_moon" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2690 +msgid "simulation of gravitational system" +msgstr "模拟引力系统" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2690 +msgid "compound shapes, :class:`Vec2D`" +msgstr "复合开关, :class:`Vec2D` 类" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2693 +msgid "rosette" +msgstr "rosette" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2693 +msgid "a pattern from the wikipedia article on turtle graphics" +msgstr "一个来自介绍海龟绘图的维基百科文章的图案" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2693 +msgid ":func:`clone`, :func:`undo`" +msgstr ":func:`clone`, :func:`undo`" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2696 +msgid "round_dance" +msgstr "round_dance" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2696 +msgid "dancing turtles rotating pairwise in opposite direction" +msgstr "两两相对并不断旋转舞蹈的海龟" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2696 +msgid "compound shapes, clone shapesize, tilt, get_shapepoly, update" +msgstr "复合形状, clone shapesize, tilt, get_shapepoly, update" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2700 +msgid "sorting_animate" +msgstr "sorting_animate" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2700 +msgid "visual demonstration of different sorting methods" +msgstr "动态演示不同的排序方法" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2700 +msgid "simple alignment, randomization" +msgstr "简单对齐, 随机化" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2703 +msgid "tree" +msgstr "tree" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2703 +msgid "a (graphical) breadth first tree (using generators)" +msgstr "一棵 (图形化的) 广度优先树 (使用生成器)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2706 +msgid "two_canvases" +msgstr "two_canvases" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2706 +msgid "simple design" +msgstr "简单设计" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2706 +msgid "turtles on two canvases" +msgstr "两块画布上的海龟" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2709 +msgid "yinyang" +msgstr "yinyang" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2709 +msgid "another elementary example" +msgstr "另一个初级示例" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2712 +msgid "Have fun!" +msgstr "祝你玩得开心！" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2716 +msgid "Changes since Python 2.6" +msgstr "Python 2.6 之后的变化" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2718 +msgid "" +"The methods :func:`Turtle.tracer `, :func:`Turtle.window_width " +"` and :func:`Turtle.window_height ` have been " +"eliminated. Methods with these names and functionality are now available " +"only as methods of :class:`Screen`. The functions derived from these remain " +"available. (In fact already in Python 2.6 these methods were merely " +"duplications of the corresponding :class:`TurtleScreen`/:class:`Screen` " +"methods.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`Turtle.tracer `, :func:`Turtle.window_width ` 和" +" :func:`Turtle.window_height ` 等方法已被去除。 具有这些名称和功能的方法现在只限于作为 " +":class:`Screen` 的方法。 自这些方法派生的函数仍保持可用。 (实际上在 Python 2.6 中这些方法就已经只是对应 " +":class:`TurtleScreen`/:class:`Screen` 方法的副本了。)" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2726 +msgid "" +"The method :func:`!Turtle.fill` has been eliminated. The behaviour of " +":func:`begin_fill` and :func:`end_fill` have changed slightly: now every " +"filling process must be completed with an ``end_fill()`` call." +msgstr "" +":func:`!Turtle.fill` 方法已被去除。 :func:`begin_fill` 和 :func:`end_fill` " +"的行为则有细微改变：现在每个填充过程必须以一个 ``end_fill()`` 调用来结束。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2731 +msgid "" +"A method :func:`Turtle.filling ` has been added. It returns a " +"boolean value: ``True`` if a filling process is under way, ``False`` " +"otherwise. This behaviour corresponds to a ``fill()`` call without arguments" +" in Python 2.6." +msgstr "" +"增加了一个 :func:`Turtle.filling ` 方法。 该方法返回一个布尔值：如果填充过程正在运行则为 " +"``True``，否则为 ``False``。 此行为对应于 Python 2.6 中一个不带参数的 ``fill()`` 调用。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2737 +msgid "Changes since Python 3.0" +msgstr "Python 3.0 之后的变化" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2739 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Turtle` methods :func:`shearfactor`, :func:`shapetransform` and " +":func:`get_shapepoly` have been added. Thus the full range of regular linear" +" transforms is now available for transforming turtle shapes. " +":func:`tiltangle` has been enhanced in functionality: it now can be used to " +"get or set the tilt angle." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :class:`Turtle` 方法 :func:`shearfactor`, :func:`shapetransform` 和 " +":func:`get_shapepoly`。 这样就可以使用所有的常规线性变换来改变海龟形状。 :func:`tiltangle` " +"的功能已得到加强：现在它可以被用来获取或设置倾斜角度。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2745 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Screen` method :func:`onkeypress` has been added as a complement" +" to :func:`onkey`. As the latter binds actions to the key release event, an " +"alias: :func:`onkeyrelease` was also added for it." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :class:`Screen` 方法 :func:`onkeypress` 作为 :func:`onkey` 的补充。 " +"当后者将动作绑定到松开按键事件时，还将为它添加一个别名: :func:`onkeyrelease`。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2749 +msgid "" +"The method :func:`Screen.mainloop ` has been added, so there is no" +" longer a need to use the standalone :func:`mainloop` function when working " +"with :class:`Screen` and :class:`Turtle` objects." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`Screen.mainloop ` 方法，这样在操作 :class:`Screen` 和 " +":class:`Turtle` 对象时就无需再使用单独的 :func:`mainloop` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2753 +msgid "" +"Two input methods have been added: :func:`Screen.textinput ` and " +":func:`Screen.numinput `. These pop up input dialogs and return " +"strings and numbers respectively." +msgstr "" +"增加了两个输入方法: :func:`Screen.textinput ` 和 :func:`Screen.numinput " +"`。 这两个方法会弹出输入对话框接受输入并分别返回字符串和数字。 These pop up input dialogs and " +"return strings and numbers respectively." + +#: ../../library/turtle.rst:2757 +msgid "" +"Two example scripts :file:`tdemo_nim.py` and :file:`tdemo_round_dance.py` " +"have been added to the :file:`Lib/turtledemo` directory." +msgstr "" +"两个新的示例脚本 :file:`tdemo_nim.py` 和 :file:`tdemo_round_dance.py` 被加入到 " +":file:`Lib/turtledemo` 目录中。" diff --git a/library/types.po b/library/types.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45ff3a9a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/types.po @@ -0,0 +1,736 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!types` --- Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types" +msgstr ":mod:`!types` --- 动态类型创建和内置类型名称" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/types.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/types.py`" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This module defines utility functions to assist in dynamic creation of new " +"types." +msgstr "此模块定义了一些工具函数，用于协助动态创建新的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:14 +msgid "" +"It also defines names for some object types that are used by the standard " +"Python interpreter, but not exposed as builtins like :class:`int` or " +":class:`str` are." +msgstr "" +"它还为某些对象类型定义了名称，这些名称由标准 Python 解释器所使用，但并不像内置的 :class:`int` 或 :class:`str` " +"那样对外公开。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Finally, it provides some additional type-related utility classes and " +"functions that are not fundamental enough to be builtins." +msgstr "最后，它还额外提供了一些类型相关但重要程度不足以作为内置对象的工具类和函数。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:23 +msgid "Dynamic Type Creation" +msgstr "动态类型创建" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:27 +msgid "Creates a class object dynamically using the appropriate metaclass." +msgstr "使用适当的元类动态地创建一个类对象。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The first three arguments are the components that make up a class definition" +" header: the class name, the base classes (in order), the keyword arguments " +"(such as ``metaclass``)." +msgstr "前三个参数是组成类定义头的部件：类名称，基类 (有序排列)，关键字参数 (例如 ``metaclass``)。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The *exec_body* argument is a callback that is used to populate the freshly " +"created class namespace. It should accept the class namespace as its sole " +"argument and update the namespace directly with the class contents. If no " +"callback is provided, it has the same effect as passing in ``lambda ns: " +"None``." +msgstr "" +"*exec_body* 参数是一个回调函数，用于填充新创建类的命名空间。 它应当接受类命名空间作为其唯一的参数并使用类内容直接更新命名空间。 " +"如果未提供回调函数，则它就等效于传入 ``lambda ns: None``。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:43 +msgid "Calculates the appropriate metaclass and creates the class namespace." +msgstr "计算适当的元类并创建类命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The arguments are the components that make up a class definition header: the" +" class name, the base classes (in order) and the keyword arguments (such as " +"``metaclass``)." +msgstr "参数是组成类定义头的部件：类名称，基类 (有序排列) 以及关键字参数 (例如 ``metaclass``)。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:49 +msgid "The return value is a 3-tuple: ``metaclass, namespace, kwds``" +msgstr "返回值是一个 3 元组: ``metaclass, namespace, kwds``" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:51 +msgid "" +"*metaclass* is the appropriate metaclass, *namespace* is the prepared class " +"namespace and *kwds* is an updated copy of the passed in *kwds* argument " +"with any ``'metaclass'`` entry removed. If no *kwds* argument is passed in, " +"this will be an empty dict." +msgstr "" +"*metaclass* 是适当的元类，*namespace* 是预备好的类命名空间而 *kwds* 是所传入 *kwds* 参数移除每个 " +"``'metaclass'`` 条目后的已更新副本。 如果未传入 *kwds* 参数，这将为一个空字典。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The default value for the ``namespace`` element of the returned tuple has " +"changed. Now an insertion-order-preserving mapping is used when the " +"metaclass does not have a ``__prepare__`` method." +msgstr "" +"所返回元组中 ``namespace`` 元素的默认值已被改变。 现在当元类没有 ``__prepare__`` 方法时将会使用一个保留插入顺序的映射。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:66 +msgid ":ref:`metaclasses`" +msgstr ":ref:`metaclasses`" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Full details of the class creation process supported by these functions" +msgstr "这些函数所支持的类创建过程的完整细节" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:69 +msgid ":pep:`3115` - Metaclasses in Python 3000" +msgstr ":pep:`3115` - Python 3000 中的元类" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:70 +msgid "Introduced the ``__prepare__`` namespace hook" +msgstr "引入 ``__prepare__`` 命名空间钩子" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:74 +msgid "Resolve MRO entries dynamically as specified by :pep:`560`." +msgstr "动态地解析 MRO 条目，具体描述见 :pep:`560`。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:76 +msgid "" +"This function looks for items in *bases* that are not instances of " +":class:`type`, and returns a tuple where each such object that has an " +":meth:`~object.__mro_entries__` method is replaced with an unpacked result " +"of calling this method. If a *bases* item is an instance of :class:`type`, " +"or it doesn't have an :meth:`!__mro_entries__` method, then it is included " +"in the return tuple unchanged." +msgstr "" +"此函数会在 *bases* 中查找不是 :class:`type` 的实例的项，并返回一个元组，其中每个具有 " +":meth:`~object.__mro_entries__` 方法的此种对象将被替换为调用该方法解包后的结果。 如果一个 *bases* 项是 " +":class:`type` 的实例，或它不具有 :meth:`!__mro_entries__` 方法 ，则它将不加改变地被包括在返回的元组中。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Return the tuple of objects originally given as the bases of *cls* before " +"the :meth:`~object.__mro_entries__` method has been called on any bases " +"(following the mechanisms laid out in :pep:`560`). This is useful for " +"introspecting :ref:`Generics `." +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`~object.__mro_entries__` 方法在任何基类上被调用之前返回最初是作为 *cls* 的基类给出的对象元组（根据 " +":pep:`560` 所描述的机制）。 这在对 :ref:`泛型 ` 进行内省时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:92 +msgid "" +"For classes that have an ``__orig_bases__`` attribute, this function returns" +" the value of ``cls.__orig_bases__``. For classes without the " +"``__orig_bases__`` attribute, :attr:`cls.__bases__ ` is " +"returned." +msgstr "" +"对于具有 ``__orig_bases__`` 属性的类，此函数将返回 ``cls.__orig_bases__`` 的值。 对于没有 " +"``__orig_bases__`` 属性的类，则将返回 :attr:`cls.__bases__ `。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:97 +msgid "Examples::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:99 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic, NamedTuple, TypedDict\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"class Foo(Generic[T]): ...\n" +"class Bar(Foo[int], float): ...\n" +"class Baz(list[str]): ...\n" +"Eggs = NamedTuple(\"Eggs\", [(\"a\", int), (\"b\", str)])\n" +"Spam = TypedDict(\"Spam\", {\"a\": int, \"b\": str})\n" +"\n" +"assert Bar.__bases__ == (Foo, float)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float)\n" +"\n" +"assert Baz.__bases__ == (list,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],)\n" +"\n" +"assert Eggs.__bases__ == (tuple,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,)\n" +"\n" +"assert Spam.__bases__ == (dict,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,)\n" +"\n" +"assert int.__bases__ == (object,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,)" +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic, NamedTuple, TypedDict\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"class Foo(Generic[T]): ...\n" +"class Bar(Foo[int], float): ...\n" +"class Baz(list[str]): ...\n" +"Eggs = NamedTuple(\"Eggs\", [(\"a\", int), (\"b\", str)])\n" +"Spam = TypedDict(\"Spam\", {\"a\": int, \"b\": str})\n" +"\n" +"assert Bar.__bases__ == (Foo, float)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float)\n" +"\n" +"assert Baz.__bases__ == (list,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],)\n" +"\n" +"assert Eggs.__bases__ == (tuple,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,)\n" +"\n" +"assert Spam.__bases__ == (dict,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,)\n" +"\n" +"assert int.__bases__ == (object,)\n" +"assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,)" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:127 +msgid ":pep:`560` - Core support for typing module and generic types" +msgstr ":pep:`560` - 对 typing 模块和泛型类型的核心支持" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:131 +msgid "Standard Interpreter Types" +msgstr "标准解释器类型" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:133 +msgid "" +"This module provides names for many of the types that are required to " +"implement a Python interpreter. It deliberately avoids including some of the" +" types that arise only incidentally during processing such as the " +"``listiterator`` type." +msgstr "" +"此模块为许多类型提供了实现 Python 解释器所要求的名称。 它刻意地避免了包含某些仅在处理过程中偶然出现的类型，例如 " +"``listiterator`` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Typical use of these names is for :func:`isinstance` or :func:`issubclass` " +"checks." +msgstr "此种名称的典型应用如 :func:`isinstance` 或 :func:`issubclass` 检测。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:142 +msgid "" +"If you instantiate any of these types, note that signatures may vary between" +" Python versions." +msgstr "如果你要实例化这些类型中的任何一种，请注意其签名在不同 Python 版本之间可能出现变化。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:144 +msgid "Standard names are defined for the following types:" +msgstr "以下类型有相应的标准名称定义：" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:148 +msgid "The type of :data:`None`." +msgstr ":data:`None` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:156 +msgid "" +"The type of user-defined functions and functions created by " +":keyword:`lambda` expressions." +msgstr "用户自定义函数以及由 :keyword:`lambda` 表达式所创建函数的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``function.__new__`` with " +"argument ``code``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``function.__new__`` 并附带参数 ``code``。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:161 +msgid "" +"The audit event only occurs for direct instantiation of function objects, " +"and is not raised for normal compilation." +msgstr "此审计事件只会被函数对象的直接实例化引发，而不会被普通编译所引发。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:167 +msgid "" +"The type of :term:`generator`-iterator objects, created by generator " +"functions." +msgstr ":term:`generator` 迭代器对象的类型，由生成器函数创建。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:173 +msgid "" +"The type of :term:`coroutine` objects, created by :keyword:`async def` " +"functions." +msgstr ":term:`coroutine` 对象的类型，由 :keyword:`async def` 函数创建。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The type of :term:`asynchronous generator`-iterator objects, created by " +"asynchronous generator functions." +msgstr ":term:`asynchronous generator` 迭代器对象的类型，由异步生成器函数创建。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:191 +msgid "" +"The type of :ref:`code objects ` such as returned by " +":func:`compile`." +msgstr ":ref:`代码对象 ` 例如 :func:`compile` 返回值的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``code.__new__`` with arguments " +"``code``, ``filename``, ``name``, ``argcount``, ``posonlyargcount``, " +"``kwonlyargcount``, ``nlocals``, ``stacksize``, ``flags``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``code.__new__`` 并附带参数 ``code``, ``filename``, " +"``name``, ``argcount``, ``posonlyargcount``, ``kwonlyargcount``, " +"``nlocals``, ``stacksize``, ``flags``。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Note that the audited arguments may not match the names or positions " +"required by the initializer. The audit event only occurs for direct " +"instantiation of code objects, and is not raised for normal compilation." +msgstr "请注意被审计的参数可能与初始化代码所要求的名称或位置不相匹配。 审计事件只会被代码对象的直接实例化引发，而不会被普通编译所引发。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:201 +msgid "" +"The type for cell objects: such objects are used as containers for a " +"function's :term:`closure variables `." +msgstr "单元对象的类型：这种对象被用作函数中 :term:`闭包变量 ` 的容器。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:209 +msgid "The type of methods of user-defined class instances." +msgstr "用户自定义类实例方法的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:215 +msgid "" +"The type of built-in functions like :func:`len` or :func:`sys.exit`, and " +"methods of built-in classes. (Here, the term \"built-in\" means \"written " +"in C\".)" +msgstr "" +"内置函数例如 :func:`len` 或 :func:`sys.exit` 以及内置类方法的类型。 （这里所说的“内置”是指“以 C 语言编写”。）" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:222 +msgid "" +"The type of methods of some built-in data types and base classes such as " +":meth:`object.__init__` or :meth:`object.__lt__`." +msgstr "某些内置数据类型和基类的方法的类型，例如 :meth:`object.__init__` 或 :meth:`object.__lt__`。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:230 +msgid "" +"The type of *bound* methods of some built-in data types and base classes. " +"For example it is the type of :code:`object().__str__`." +msgstr "某些内置数据类型和基类的 *绑定* 方法的类型。 例如 :code:`object().__str__` 所属的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:238 +msgid "The type of :data:`NotImplemented`." +msgstr ":data:`NotImplemented` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:245 +msgid "" +"The type of methods of some built-in data types such as :meth:`str.join`." +msgstr "某些内置数据类型方法例如 :meth:`str.join` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:252 +msgid "" +"The type of *unbound* class methods of some built-in data types such as " +"``dict.__dict__['fromkeys']``." +msgstr "某些内置数据类型 *非绑定* 类方法例如 ``dict.__dict__['fromkeys']`` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:260 +msgid "" +"The type of :term:`modules `. The constructor takes the name of the " +"module to be created and optionally its :term:`docstring`." +msgstr ":term:`模块 ` 的类型。 构造器接受待创建模块的名称并以其 :term:`docstring` 作为可选参数。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:265 +msgid ":ref:`Documentation on module objects `" +msgstr ":ref:`模块对象的文档 `" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Provides details on the special attributes that can be found on instances of" +" :class:`!ModuleType`." +msgstr "提供了有关可在 :class:`!ModuleType` 的实例上找到的特殊属性的详情。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:269 +msgid ":func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`" +msgstr ":func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Modules created using the :class:`!ModuleType` constructor are created with " +"many of their special attributes unset or set to default values. " +":func:`!module_from_spec` provides a more robust way of creating " +":class:`!ModuleType` instances which ensures the various attributes are set " +"appropriately." +msgstr "" +"使用 :class:`!ModuleType` 构造器创建的模块在被创建时将有许多特殊属性被设置或重设其默认值。 " +":func:`!module_from_spec` 提供了一种创建 :class:`!ModuleType` " +"实例的更健壮方式，可确保各个属性被正确地设置。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:278 +msgid "The type of :data:`Ellipsis`." +msgstr ":data:`Ellipsis` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:284 +msgid "" +"The type of :ref:`parameterized generics ` such as " +"``list[int]``." +msgstr ":ref:`形参化泛型 ` 的类型，例如 ``list[int]``。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:287 +msgid "" +"``t_origin`` should be a non-parameterized generic class, such as ``list``, " +"``tuple`` or ``dict``. ``t_args`` should be a :class:`tuple` (possibly of " +"length 1) of types which parameterize ``t_origin``::" +msgstr "" +"``t_origin`` 应当是一个非形参化的泛型类，例如 ``list``, ``tuple`` 或 ``dict``。 ``t_args`` " +"应当是一个形参化 ``t_origin`` 的 :class:`tuple` (长度可以为 1)::" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:291 +msgid "" +">>> from types import GenericAlias\n" +"\n" +">>> list[int] == GenericAlias(list, (int,))\n" +"True\n" +">>> dict[str, int] == GenericAlias(dict, (str, int))\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from types import GenericAlias\n" +"\n" +">>> list[int] == GenericAlias(list, (int,))\n" +"True\n" +">>> dict[str, int] == GenericAlias(dict, (str, int))\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:300 +msgid "This type can now be subclassed." +msgstr "此类型现在可以被子类化。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:305 +msgid ":ref:`Generic Alias Types`" +msgstr ":ref:`泛用别名类型`" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:306 +msgid "In-depth documentation on instances of :class:`!types.GenericAlias`" +msgstr "有关 :class:`!types.GenericAlias` 实例的详细文档" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:308 +msgid ":pep:`585` - Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collections" +msgstr ":pep:`585` - 标准多项集中的类型提示泛型" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:309 +msgid "Introducing the :class:`!types.GenericAlias` class" +msgstr "引入 :class:`!types.GenericAlias` 类" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:313 +msgid "The type of :ref:`union type expressions`." +msgstr ":ref:`合并类型表达式 ` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:319 +msgid "" +"The type of traceback objects such as found in " +"``sys.exception().__traceback__``." +msgstr "回溯对象的类型，如在 ``sys.exception().__traceback__`` 中找到的一样。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:321 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`the language reference ` for details of the " +"available attributes and operations, and guidance on creating tracebacks " +"dynamically." +msgstr "请查看 :ref:`语言参考 ` 了解可用属性和操作的细节，以及动态地创建回溯对象的指南。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:328 +msgid "" +"The type of :ref:`frame objects ` such as found in " +":attr:`tb.tb_frame ` if ``tb`` is a traceback object." +msgstr "" +":ref:`帧对象 ` 的类型，例如当 ``tb`` 是一个回溯对象时 :attr:`tb.tb_frame " +"` 中的对象。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:334 +msgid "" +"The type of objects defined in extension modules with ``PyGetSetDef``, such " +"as :attr:`FrameType.f_locals ` or ``array.array.typecode``. " +"This type is used as descriptor for object attributes; it has the same " +"purpose as the :class:`property` type, but for classes defined in extension " +"modules." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``PyGetSetDef`` 在扩展模块中定义的对象的类型，例如 :attr:`FrameType.f_locals " +"` 或 ``array.array.typecode``。 此类型被用作对象属性的描述器；它的目的与 " +":class:`property` 类型相同，但专门针对在扩展模块中定义的类。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:343 +msgid "" +"The type of objects defined in extension modules with ``PyMemberDef``, such " +"as ``datetime.timedelta.days``. This type is used as descriptor for simple " +"C data members which use standard conversion functions; it has the same " +"purpose as the :class:`property` type, but for classes defined in extension " +"modules." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``PyMemberDef`` 在扩展模块中定义的对象的类型，例如 ``datetime.timedelta.days``。 " +"此类型被用作使用标准转换函数的简单 C 数据成员的描述器；它的目的与 :class:`property` 类型相同，但专门针对在扩展模块中定义的类。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:348 +msgid "" +"In addition, when a class is defined with a :attr:`~object.__slots__` " +"attribute, then for each slot, an instance of :class:`!MemberDescriptorType`" +" will be added as an attribute on the class. This allows the slot to appear " +"in the class's :attr:`~type.__dict__`." +msgstr "" +"此外，当一个类定义了 :attr:`~object.__slots__` 属性时，对于每个槽位，都将添加一个 " +":class:`!MemberDescriptorType` 的实例作为该类上的属性。 这将允许槽位显示在类的 " +":attr:`~type.__dict__` 中。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:354 +msgid "" +"In other implementations of Python, this type may be identical to " +"``GetSetDescriptorType``." +msgstr "在 Python 的其它实现中，此类型可能与 ``GetSetDescriptorType`` 完全相同。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Read-only proxy of a mapping. It provides a dynamic view on the mapping's " +"entries, which means that when the mapping changes, the view reflects these " +"changes." +msgstr "一个映射的只读代理。 它提供了对映射条目的动态视图，这意味着当映射发生改变时，视图会反映这些改变。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:367 +msgid "" +"Updated to support the new union (``|``) operator from :pep:`584`, which " +"simply delegates to the underlying mapping." +msgstr "更新为支持 :pep:`584` 所新增的合并 (``|``) 运算符，它会简单地委托给下层的映射。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:372 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the underlying mapping has a key *key*, else ``False``." +msgstr "如果下层的映射中存在键 *key* 则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Return the item of the underlying mapping with key *key*. Raises a " +":exc:`KeyError` if *key* is not in the underlying mapping." +msgstr "返回下层的映射中以 *key* 为键的项。 如果下层的映射中不存在键 *key* 则引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over the keys of the underlying mapping. This is a " +"shortcut for ``iter(proxy.keys())``." +msgstr "返回由下层映射的键为元素的迭代器。 这是 ``iter(proxy.keys())`` 的快捷方式。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:387 +msgid "Return the number of items in the underlying mapping." +msgstr "返回下层映射中的项数。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:391 +msgid "Return a shallow copy of the underlying mapping." +msgstr "返回下层映射的浅拷贝。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:395 +msgid "" +"Return the value for *key* if *key* is in the underlying mapping, else " +"*default*. If *default* is not given, it defaults to ``None``, so that this" +" method never raises a :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *key* 存在于下层映射中则返回 *key* 的值，否则返回 *default*。 如果 *default* 未给出则默认为 " +"``None``，因而此方法绝不会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:401 +msgid "" +"Return a new view of the underlying mapping's items (``(key, value)`` " +"pairs)." +msgstr "返回由下层映射的项 (``(键, 值)`` 对) 组成的一个新视图。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:406 +msgid "Return a new view of the underlying mapping's keys." +msgstr "返回由下层映射的键组成的一个新视图。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:410 +msgid "Return a new view of the underlying mapping's values." +msgstr "返回由下层映射的值组成的一个新视图。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:414 +msgid "Return a reverse iterator over the keys of the underlying mapping." +msgstr "返回一个包含下层映射的键的反向迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:420 +msgid "Return a hash of the underlying mapping." +msgstr "返回下层映射的哈希值。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:426 +msgid "The type of :ref:`capsule objects `." +msgstr ":ref:`capsule 对象 ` 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:432 +msgid "Additional Utility Classes and Functions" +msgstr "附加工具类和函数" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:436 +msgid "" +"A simple :class:`object` subclass that provides attribute access to its " +"namespace, as well as a meaningful repr." +msgstr "一个简单的 :class:`object` 子类，提供了访问其命名空间的属性，以及一个有意义的 repr。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Unlike :class:`object`, with :class:`!SimpleNamespace` you can add and " +"remove attributes." +msgstr "与 :class:`object` 不同的是，对于 :class:`!SimpleNamespace` 你可以添加和移除属性。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:442 +msgid "" +":py:class:`SimpleNamespace` objects may be initialized in the same way as " +":class:`dict`: either with keyword arguments, with a single positional " +"argument, or with both. When initialized with keyword arguments, those are " +"directly added to the underlying namespace. Alternatively, when initialized " +"with a positional argument, the underlying namespace will be updated with " +"key-value pairs from that argument (either a mapping object or an " +":term:`iterable` object producing key-value pairs). All such keys must be " +"strings." +msgstr "" +":py:class:`SimpleNamespace` 对象可以使用与 :class:`dict` " +"相同的方式来初始化：关键字参数、单个位置参数或者两者兼有。 当使用关键字参数来初始化时，参数值会被直接加入到下层的命名空间。 " +"而当使用一个位置参数来初始化时，下层的命名空间将以来自该参数（为一个映射对象或是产生键值对的 :term:`iterable` 对象）的键值对来更新。 " +"所有这样的键都必须为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:453 +msgid "The type is roughly equivalent to the following code::" +msgstr "此类型大致等价于以下代码::" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:455 +msgid "" +"class SimpleNamespace:\n" +" def __init__(self, mapping_or_iterable=(), /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.__dict__.update(mapping_or_iterable)\n" +" self.__dict__.update(kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" items = (f\"{k}={v!r}\" for k, v in self.__dict__.items())\n" +" return \"{}({})\".format(type(self).__name__, \", \".join(items))\n" +"\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" if isinstance(self, SimpleNamespace) and isinstance(other, SimpleNamespace):\n" +" return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__\n" +" return NotImplemented" +msgstr "" +"class SimpleNamespace:\n" +" def __init__(self, mapping_or_iterable=(), /, **kwargs):\n" +" self.__dict__.update(mapping_or_iterable)\n" +" self.__dict__.update(kwargs)\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" items = (f\"{k}={v!r}\" for k, v in self.__dict__.items())\n" +" return \"{}({})\".format(type(self).__name__, \", \".join(items))\n" +"\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" if isinstance(self, SimpleNamespace) and isinstance(other, SimpleNamespace):\n" +" return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__\n" +" return NotImplemented" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:469 +msgid "" +"``SimpleNamespace`` may be useful as a replacement for ``class NS: pass``. " +"However, for a structured record type use :func:`~collections.namedtuple` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +"``SimpleNamespace`` 可被用于替代 ``class NS: pass``。 但是，对于结构化记录类型则应改用 " +":func:`~collections.namedtuple`。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:473 +msgid "" +":class:`!SimpleNamespace` objects are supported by :func:`copy.replace`." +msgstr ":class:`!SimpleNamespace` 对象受到 :func:`copy.replace` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:477 +msgid "" +"Attribute order in the repr changed from alphabetical to insertion (like " +"``dict``)." +msgstr "repr 中的属性顺序由字母顺序改为插入顺序 (类似 ``dict``)。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:481 +msgid "Added support for an optional positional argument." +msgstr "增加了对可选的位置参数的支持。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:486 +msgid "Route attribute access on a class to __getattr__." +msgstr "在类上访问 __getattr__ 的路由属性。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:488 +msgid "" +"This is a descriptor, used to define attributes that act differently when " +"accessed through an instance and through a class. Instance access remains " +"normal, but access to an attribute through a class will be routed to the " +"class's __getattr__ method; this is done by raising AttributeError." +msgstr "" +"这是一个描述器，用于定义通过实例与通过类访问时具有不同行为的属性。 当实例访问时保持正常行为，但当类访问属性时将被路由至类的 __getattr__ " +"方法；这是通过引发 AttributeError 来完成的。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:493 +msgid "" +"This allows one to have properties active on an instance, and have virtual " +"attributes on the class with the same name (see :class:`enum.Enum` for an " +"example)." +msgstr "这允许有在实例上激活的特性属性，同时又有在类上的同名虚拟属性 (一个例子请参见 :class:`enum.Enum`)。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:500 +msgid "Coroutine Utility Functions" +msgstr "协程工具函数" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:504 +msgid "" +"This function transforms a :term:`generator` function into a " +":term:`coroutine function` which returns a generator-based coroutine. The " +"generator-based coroutine is still a :term:`generator iterator`, but is also" +" considered to be a :term:`coroutine` object and is :term:`awaitable`. " +"However, it may not necessarily implement the :meth:`~object.__await__` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"此函数可将 :term:`generator` 函数转换为一个返回基于生成器的协程的 :term:`coroutine function`。 " +"基于生成器的协程仍然属于 :term:`generator iterator`，但同时又可被视为 :term:`coroutine` 对象兼 " +":term:`awaitable`。 不过，它没有必要实现 :meth:`~object.__await__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:511 +msgid "If *gen_func* is a generator function, it will be modified in-place." +msgstr "如果 *gen_func* 是一个生成器函数，它将被原地修改。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:513 +msgid "" +"If *gen_func* is not a generator function, it will be wrapped. If it returns" +" an instance of :class:`collections.abc.Generator`, the instance will be " +"wrapped in an *awaitable* proxy object. All other types of objects will be " +"returned as is." +msgstr "" +"如果 *gen_func* 不是一个生成器函数，则它会被包装。 如果它返回一个 :class:`collections.abc.Generator` " +"的实例，该实例将被包装在一个 *awaitable* 代理对象中。 所有其他对象类型将被原样返回。" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:189 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../library/types.rst:189 +msgid "compile" +msgstr "编译" diff --git a/library/typing.po b/library/typing.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..908c47fd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/typing.po @@ -0,0 +1,6872 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# MuSheng Chen , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# helloworldSB , 2022 +# Jason Ren, 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Sefank , 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# F-park, 2024 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3 +msgid ":mod:`typing` --- Support for type hints" +msgstr ":mod:`typing` —— 对类型提示的支持" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:16 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/typing.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/typing.py`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The Python runtime does not enforce function and variable type annotations. " +"They can be used by third party tools such as :term:`type checkers `, IDEs, linters, etc." +msgstr "" +"Python 运行时不强制要求函数与变量类型标注。 它们可被 :term:`类型检查器 `、IDE、语法检查器等第三方工具使用。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:26 +msgid "This module provides runtime support for type hints." +msgstr "本模块提供了对类型提示的运行时支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:28 +msgid "Consider the function below::" +msgstr "考虑下面的函数::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:30 +msgid "" +"def surface_area_of_cube(edge_length: float) -> str:\n" +" return f\"The surface area of the cube is {6 * edge_length ** 2}.\"" +msgstr "" +"def surface_area_of_cube(edge_length: float) -> str:\n" +" return f\"The surface area of the cube is {6 * edge_length ** 2}.\"" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:33 +msgid "" +"The function ``surface_area_of_cube`` takes an argument expected to be an " +"instance of :class:`float`, as indicated by the :term:`type hint` " +"``edge_length: float``. The function is expected to return an instance of " +":class:`str`, as indicated by the ``-> str`` hint." +msgstr "" +"函数 ``surface_area_of_cube`` 接受一个预期为 :class:`float` 实例的参数，如 :term:`type hint`" +" ``edge_length: float`` 所指明的。 该函数预期返回一个 :class:`str` 实例，如 ``-> str`` 提示所指明的。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:38 +msgid "" +"While type hints can be simple classes like :class:`float` or :class:`str`, " +"they can also be more complex. The :mod:`typing` module provides a " +"vocabulary of more advanced type hints." +msgstr "" +"类型提示可以是简单的类比如 :class:`float` 或 :class:`str`，它们也可以更为复杂。 :mod:`typing` " +"模块提供了一套用于更高级类型提示的词汇。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:42 +msgid "" +"New features are frequently added to the ``typing`` module. The " +":pypi:`typing_extensions` package provides backports of these new features " +"to older versions of Python." +msgstr "" +"新特性被频繁添加到 ``typing`` 模块中。 :pypi:`typing_extensions` 包提供了这些新特性针对较旧版本 Python " +"的向下移植。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:48 +msgid "" +"`\"Typing cheat sheet\" " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`\"类型系统备忘单\" `_" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:49 +msgid "A quick overview of type hints (hosted at the mypy docs)" +msgstr "关于类型提示的概览（发布于 mypy 文档站点）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:51 +msgid "" +"\"Type System Reference\" section of `the mypy docs " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`mypy 文档 `_ 的 \"Type " +"System Reference\" 章节" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:52 +msgid "" +"The Python typing system is standardised via PEPs, so this reference should " +"broadly apply to most Python type checkers. (Some parts may still be " +"specific to mypy.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 类型系统是通过 PEP 来标准化的，因此该参考应当广泛适用于大多数 Python 类型检查器。 （但某些部分仍然是 mypy 专属的。）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:56 +msgid "`\"Static Typing with Python\" `_" +msgstr "`\"Static Typing with Python\" `_" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Type-checker-agnostic documentation written by the community detailing type " +"system features, useful typing related tools and typing best practices." +msgstr "由社区编写的不限定具体类型检查器的文档，详细讲解了类型系统特性，有用的类型相关工具以及类型的最佳实践。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:64 +msgid "Specification for the Python Type System" +msgstr "有关 Python 类型系统的规范说明" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:66 +msgid "" +"The canonical, up-to-date specification of the Python type system can be " +"found at `\"Specification for the Python type system\" " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"Python 类型系统最新的标准规范说明可在 `\"Specification for the Python type system\" " +"`_ 查看。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:72 +msgid "Type aliases" +msgstr "类型别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:74 +msgid "" +"A type alias is defined using the :keyword:`type` statement, which creates " +"an instance of :class:`TypeAliasType`. In this example, ``Vector`` and " +"``list[float]`` will be treated equivalently by static type checkers::" +msgstr "" +"类型别名是使用 :keyword:`type` 语句来定义的，它将创建一个 :class:`TypeAliasType` 的实例。 " +"在这个示例中，``Vector`` 和 ``list[float]`` 将被静态类型检查器等同处理::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:79 +msgid "" +"type Vector = list[float]\n" +"\n" +"def scale(scalar: float, vector: Vector) -> Vector:\n" +" return [scalar * num for num in vector]\n" +"\n" +"# passes type checking; a list of floats qualifies as a Vector.\n" +"new_vector = scale(2.0, [1.0, -4.2, 5.4])" +msgstr "" +"type Vector = list[float]\n" +"\n" +"def scale(scalar: float, vector: Vector) -> Vector:\n" +" return [scalar * num for num in vector]\n" +"\n" +"# 通过类型检查；浮点数列表是合格的 Vector。\n" +"new_vector = scale(2.0, [1.0, -4.2, 5.4])" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Type aliases are useful for simplifying complex type signatures. For " +"example::" +msgstr "类型别名适用于简化复杂的类型签名。例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:89 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Sequence\n" +"\n" +"type ConnectionOptions = dict[str, str]\n" +"type Address = tuple[str, int]\n" +"type Server = tuple[Address, ConnectionOptions]\n" +"\n" +"def broadcast_message(message: str, servers: Sequence[Server]) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# The static type checker will treat the previous type signature as\n" +"# being exactly equivalent to this one.\n" +"def broadcast_message(\n" +" message: str,\n" +" servers: Sequence[tuple[tuple[str, int], dict[str, str]]]\n" +") -> None:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Sequence\n" +"\n" +"type ConnectionOptions = dict[str, str]\n" +"type Address = tuple[str, int]\n" +"type Server = tuple[Address, ConnectionOptions]\n" +"\n" +"def broadcast_message(message: str, servers: Sequence[Server]) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# 静态类型检查器会认为上面的类型签名\n" +"# 完全等价于下面这个写法。\n" +"def broadcast_message(\n" +" message: str,\n" +" servers: Sequence[tuple[tuple[str, int], dict[str, str]]]\n" +") -> None:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:106 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`type` statement is new in Python 3.12. For backwards " +"compatibility, type aliases can also be created through simple assignment::" +msgstr ":keyword:`type` 语句是在 Python 3.12 中新增加的。 为了向下兼容，类型别名也可以通过简单的赋值来创建::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:109 +msgid "Vector = list[float]" +msgstr "Vector = list[float]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Or marked with :data:`TypeAlias` to make it explicit that this is a type " +"alias, not a normal variable assignment::" +msgstr "或者用 :data:`TypeAlias` 标记来显式说明这是一个类型别名，而非一般的变量赋值：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:114 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypeAlias\n" +"\n" +"Vector: TypeAlias = list[float]" +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypeAlias\n" +"\n" +"Vector: TypeAlias = list[float]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:121 +msgid "NewType" +msgstr "NewType" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:123 +msgid "Use the :class:`NewType` helper to create distinct types::" +msgstr "用 :class:`NewType` 助手创建与原类型不同的类型：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:125 +msgid "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"some_id = UserId(524313)" +msgstr "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"some_id = UserId(524313)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:130 +msgid "" +"The static type checker will treat the new type as if it were a subclass of " +"the original type. This is useful in helping catch logical errors::" +msgstr "静态类型检查器把新类型当作原始类型的子类，这种方式适用于捕捉逻辑错误：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:133 +msgid "" +"def get_user_name(user_id: UserId) -> str:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# passes type checking\n" +"user_a = get_user_name(UserId(42351))\n" +"\n" +"# fails type checking; an int is not a UserId\n" +"user_b = get_user_name(-1)" +msgstr "" +"def get_user_name(user_id: UserId) -> str:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# 通过类型检查\n" +"user_a = get_user_name(UserId(42351))\n" +"\n" +"# 未通过类型检查；整数不能作为 UserId\n" +"user_b = get_user_name(-1)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:142 +msgid "" +"You may still perform all ``int`` operations on a variable of type " +"``UserId``, but the result will always be of type ``int``. This lets you " +"pass in a ``UserId`` wherever an ``int`` might be expected, but will prevent" +" you from accidentally creating a ``UserId`` in an invalid way::" +msgstr "" +"``UserId`` 类型的变量可执行所有 ``int`` 操作，但返回结果都是 ``int`` 类型。这种方式允许在预期 ``int`` 时传入 " +"``UserId``，还能防止意外创建无效的 ``UserId``：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:147 +msgid "" +"# 'output' is of type 'int', not 'UserId'\n" +"output = UserId(23413) + UserId(54341)" +msgstr "" +"# 'output' 的类型为 'int' 而非 'UserId'\n" +"output = UserId(23413) + UserId(54341)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Note that these checks are enforced only by the static type checker. At " +"runtime, the statement ``Derived = NewType('Derived', Base)`` will make " +"``Derived`` a callable that immediately returns whatever parameter you pass " +"it. That means the expression ``Derived(some_value)`` does not create a new " +"class or introduce much overhead beyond that of a regular function call." +msgstr "" +"注意，这些检查只由静态类型检查器强制执行。在运行时，语句 ``Derived = NewType('Derived', Base)`` 将产生一个 " +"``Derived`` 可调用对象，该对象立即返回你传递给它的任何参数。 这意味着语句 ``Derived(some_value)`` " +"不会创建一个新的类，也不会引入超出常规函数调用的很多开销。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:156 +msgid "" +"More precisely, the expression ``some_value is Derived(some_value)`` is " +"always true at runtime." +msgstr "更确切地说，在运行时，``some_value is Derived(some_value)`` 表达式总为 True。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:159 +msgid "It is invalid to create a subtype of ``Derived``::" +msgstr "创建 ``Derived`` 的子类型是无效的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:161 +msgid "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"\n" +"# Fails at runtime and does not pass type checking\n" +"class AdminUserId(UserId): pass" +msgstr "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"\n" +"# 将在运行时失败且无法通过类型检查\n" +"class AdminUserId(UserId): pass" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:168 +msgid "" +"However, it is possible to create a :class:`NewType` based on a 'derived' " +"``NewType``::" +msgstr "然而，我们可以在 \"派生的\" ``NewType`` 的基础上创建一个 :class:`NewType`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:170 +msgid "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"\n" +"ProUserId = NewType('ProUserId', UserId)" +msgstr "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"\n" +"ProUserId = NewType('ProUserId', UserId)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:176 +msgid "and typechecking for ``ProUserId`` will work as expected." +msgstr "同时，``ProUserId`` 的类型检查也可以按预期执行。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:178 +msgid "See :pep:`484` for more details." +msgstr "详见 :pep:`484`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:182 +msgid "" +"Recall that the use of a type alias declares two types to be *equivalent* to" +" one another. Doing ``type Alias = Original`` will make the static type " +"checker treat ``Alias`` as being *exactly equivalent* to ``Original`` in all" +" cases. This is useful when you want to simplify complex type signatures." +msgstr "" +"请记住使用类型别名将声明两个类型是相互 *等价* 的。 使用 ``type Alias = Original`` 将使静态类型检查器在任何情况下都把 " +"``Alias`` 视为与 ``Original`` *完全等价*。 这在你想要简化复杂的类型签名时会很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:187 +msgid "" +"In contrast, ``NewType`` declares one type to be a *subtype* of another. " +"Doing ``Derived = NewType('Derived', Original)`` will make the static type " +"checker treat ``Derived`` as a *subclass* of ``Original``, which means a " +"value of type ``Original`` cannot be used in places where a value of type " +"``Derived`` is expected. This is useful when you want to prevent logic " +"errors with minimal runtime cost." +msgstr "" +"反之，``NewType`` 声明把一种类型当作另一种类型的 *子类型*。``Derived = NewType('Derived', " +"Original)`` 时，静态类型检查器把 ``Derived`` 当作 ``Original`` 的 *子类* ，即，``Original`` " +"类型的值不能用在预期 ``Derived`` 类型的位置。这种方式适用于以最小运行时成本防止逻辑错误。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:196 +msgid "" +"``NewType`` is now a class rather than a function. As a result, there is " +"some additional runtime cost when calling ``NewType`` over a regular " +"function." +msgstr "``NewType`` 现在是一个类而不是一个函数。 因此，当调用 ``NewType`` 而非常规函数时会有一些额外的运行时开销。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:201 +msgid "" +"The performance of calling ``NewType`` has been restored to its level in " +"Python 3.9." +msgstr "调用 ``NewType`` 的性能已恢复到 Python 3.9 时的水平。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:208 +msgid "Annotating callable objects" +msgstr "标注可调用对象" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Functions -- or other :term:`callable` objects -- can be annotated using " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` or deprecated :data:`typing.Callable`. " +"``Callable[[int], str]`` signifies a function that takes a single parameter " +"of type :class:`int` and returns a :class:`str`." +msgstr "" +"函数 -- 或是其他 :term:`callable` 对象 -- 可以使用 :class:`collections.abc.Callable` " +"或已被弃用的 :data:`typing.Callable` 来标注。 ``Callable[[int], str]`` 表示一个接受 " +":class:`int` 类型的单个形参并返回一个 :class:`str` 的函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:215 ../../library/typing.rst:3121 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3301 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:217 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Callable, Awaitable\n" +"\n" +"def feeder(get_next_item: Callable[[], str]) -> None:\n" +" ... # Body\n" +"\n" +"def async_query(on_success: Callable[[int], None],\n" +" on_error: Callable[[int, Exception], None]) -> None:\n" +" ... # Body\n" +"\n" +"async def on_update(value: str) -> None:\n" +" ... # Body\n" +"\n" +"callback: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]] = on_update" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Callable, Awaitable\n" +"\n" +"def feeder(get_next_item: Callable[[], str]) -> None:\n" +" ... # 函数体\n" +"\n" +"def async_query(on_success: Callable[[int], None],\n" +" on_error: Callable[[int, Exception], None]) -> None:\n" +" ... # 函数体\n" +"\n" +"async def on_update(value: str) -> None:\n" +" ... # 函数体\n" +"\n" +"callback: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]] = on_update" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:233 +msgid "" +"The subscription syntax must always be used with exactly two values: the " +"argument list and the return type. The argument list must be a list of " +"types, a :class:`ParamSpec`, :data:`Concatenate`, or an ellipsis. The return" +" type must be a single type." +msgstr "" +"下标语法总是要刚好使用两个值：参数列表和返回类型。 " +"参数列表必须是一个由类型组成的列表、:class:`ParamSpec`、:data:`Concatenate` 或省略号。 返回类型必须是单一类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:238 +msgid "" +"If a literal ellipsis ``...`` is given as the argument list, it indicates " +"that a callable with any arbitrary parameter list would be acceptable:" +msgstr "如果将一个省略号字面值 ``...`` 作为参数列表，则表示可以接受包含任意形参列表的可调用对象:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:241 +msgid "" +"def concat(x: str, y: str) -> str:\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +"x: Callable[..., str]\n" +"x = str # OK\n" +"x = concat # Also OK" +msgstr "" +"def concat(x: str, y: str) -> str:\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +"x: Callable[..., str]\n" +"x = str # 可以\n" +"x = concat # 同样可以" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:250 +msgid "" +"``Callable`` cannot express complex signatures such as functions that take a" +" variadic number of arguments, :ref:`overloaded functions `, or " +"functions that have keyword-only parameters. However, these signatures can " +"be expressed by defining a :class:`Protocol` class with a " +":meth:`~object.__call__` method:" +msgstr "" +"``Callable`` 无法表达复杂的签名如接受可变数量参数的函数，:ref:`重载的函数 `，或具有仅限关键字形参的函数。 " +"但是，这些签名可通过自定义具有 :meth:`~object.__call__` 方法的 :class:`Protocol` 类来表达：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:256 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"from typing import Protocol\n" +"\n" +"class Combiner(Protocol):\n" +" def __call__(self, *vals: bytes, maxlen: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]: ...\n" +"\n" +"def batch_proc(data: Iterable[bytes], cb_results: Combiner) -> bytes:\n" +" for item in data:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def good_cb(*vals: bytes, maxlen: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]:\n" +" ...\n" +"def bad_cb(*vals: bytes, maxitems: int | None) -> list[bytes]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"batch_proc([], good_cb) # OK\n" +"batch_proc([], bad_cb) # Error! Argument 2 has incompatible type because of\n" +" # different name and kind in the callback" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"from typing import Protocol\n" +"\n" +"class Combiner(Protocol):\n" +" def __call__(self, *vals: bytes, maxlen: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]: ...\n" +"\n" +"def batch_proc(data: Iterable[bytes], cb_results: Combiner) -> bytes:\n" +" for item in data:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def good_cb(*vals: bytes, maxlen: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]:\n" +" ...\n" +"def bad_cb(*vals: bytes, maxitems: int | None) -> list[bytes]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"batch_proc([], good_cb) # 可以\n" +"batch_proc([], bad_cb) # 错误！参数 2 的类型不兼容\n" +" # 因为在回调中有不同的名称和类别" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Callables which take other callables as arguments may indicate that their " +"parameter types are dependent on each other using :class:`ParamSpec`. " +"Additionally, if that callable adds or removes arguments from other " +"callables, the :data:`Concatenate` operator may be used. They take the form" +" ``Callable[ParamSpecVariable, ReturnType]`` and " +"``Callable[Concatenate[Arg1Type, Arg2Type, ..., ParamSpecVariable], " +"ReturnType]`` respectively." +msgstr "" +"以其他可调用对象为参数的可调用对象可以使用 :class:`ParamSpec` 来表明其参数类型是相互依赖的。 " +"此外，如果该可调用对象增加或删除了其他可调用对象的参数，可以使用 :data:`Concatenate` 操作符。 它们分别采取 " +"``Callable[ParamSpecVariable, ReturnType]`` 和 " +"``Callable[Concatenate[Arg1Type, Arg2Type, ..., ParamSpecVariable], " +"ReturnType]`` 的形式。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:285 ../../library/typing.rst:3791 +msgid "" +"``Callable`` now supports :class:`ParamSpec` and :data:`Concatenate`. See " +":pep:`612` for more details." +msgstr "" +"``Callable`` 现在支持 :class:`ParamSpec` 和 :data:`Concatenate`。 详情见 :pep:`612`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:290 +msgid "" +"The documentation for :class:`ParamSpec` and :class:`Concatenate` provides " +"examples of usage in ``Callable``." +msgstr "" +":class:`ParamSpec` 和 :class:`Concatenate` 的文档提供了在 ``Callable`` 中使用的例子。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:296 +msgid "Generics" +msgstr "泛型（Generic）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:298 +msgid "" +"Since type information about objects kept in containers cannot be statically" +" inferred in a generic way, many container classes in the standard library " +"support subscription to denote the expected types of container elements." +msgstr "由于无法以通用方式静态地推断容器中保存的对象的类型信息，标准库中的许多容器类都支持下标操作来以表示容器元素的预期类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:302 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence\n" +"\n" +"class Employee: ...\n" +"\n" +"# Sequence[Employee] indicates that all elements in the sequence\n" +"# must be instances of \"Employee\".\n" +"# Mapping[str, str] indicates that all keys and all values in the mapping\n" +"# must be strings.\n" +"def notify_by_email(employees: Sequence[Employee],\n" +" overrides: Mapping[str, str]) -> None: ..." +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence\n" +"\n" +"class Employee: ...\n" +"\n" +"# Sequence[Employee] 表明该序列中的所有元素\n" +"# 都必须是 \"Employee\" 的实例。\n" +"# Mapping[str, str] 表明该映射中的所有键和所有值\n" +"# 都必须是字符串。\n" +"def notify_by_email(employees: Sequence[Employee],\n" +" overrides: Mapping[str, str]) -> None: ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Generic functions and classes can be parameterized by using :ref:`type " +"parameter syntax `::" +msgstr "泛型函数和类可以通过使用 :ref:`类型形参语法 ` 来实现参数化::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:318 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Sequence\n" +"\n" +"def first[T](l: Sequence[T]) -> T: # Function is generic over the TypeVar \"T\"\n" +" return l[0]" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Sequence\n" +"\n" +"def first[T](l: Sequence[T]) -> T: # 函数是 TypeVar \"T\" 泛型\n" +" return l[0]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:323 +msgid "Or by using the :class:`TypeVar` factory directly::" +msgstr "或直接使用 :class:`TypeVar` 工厂：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:325 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Sequence\n" +"from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"U = TypeVar('U') # Declare type variable \"U\"\n" +"\n" +"def second(l: Sequence[U]) -> U: # Function is generic over the TypeVar \"U\"\n" +" return l[1]" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Sequence\n" +"from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"U = TypeVar('U') # 声明类型变量 \"U\"\n" +"\n" +"def second(l: Sequence[U]) -> U: # 函数是 TypeVar \"U\" 泛型\n" +" return l[1]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:333 +msgid "Syntactic support for generics is new in Python 3.12." +msgstr "对泛型的语法支持是在 Python 3.12 中新增的。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:339 +msgid "Annotating tuples" +msgstr "标注元组" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:341 +msgid "" +"For most containers in Python, the typing system assumes that all elements " +"in the container will be of the same type. For example::" +msgstr "对于 Python 中的大多数容器，类型系统会假定容器中的所有元素都是相同类型的。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:344 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +"\n" +"# Type checker will infer that all elements in ``x`` are meant to be ints\n" +"x: list[int] = []\n" +"\n" +"# Type checker error: ``list`` only accepts a single type argument:\n" +"y: list[int, str] = [1, 'foo']\n" +"\n" +"# Type checker will infer that all keys in ``z`` are meant to be strings,\n" +"# and that all values in ``z`` are meant to be either strings or ints\n" +"z: Mapping[str, str | int] = {}" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +"\n" +"# 类型检查器将推断 ``x`` 中的所有元素均为整数\n" +"x: list[int] = []\n" +"\n" +"# 类型检查器错误: ``list`` 只接受单个类型参数：\n" +"y: list[int, str] = [1, 'foo']\n" +"\n" +"# 类型检查器将推断 ``z`` 中的所有键均为字符串，\n" +"# 并且 ``z`` 中的所有值均为字符串或整数\n" +"z: Mapping[str, str | int] = {}" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:356 +msgid "" +":class:`list` only accepts one type argument, so a type checker would emit " +"an error on the ``y`` assignment above. Similarly, " +":class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` only accepts two type arguments: the first" +" indicates the type of the keys, and the second indicates the type of the " +"values." +msgstr "" +":class:`list` 只接受一个类型参数，因此类型检查器将在上述代码中对 ``y`` " +"赋值时报告错误。同样，:class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` 只接受两个类型参数：第一个给出键的类型，第二个则给出值的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:362 +msgid "" +"Unlike most other Python containers, however, it is common in idiomatic " +"Python code for tuples to have elements which are not all of the same type. " +"For this reason, tuples are special-cased in Python's typing system. " +":class:`tuple` accepts *any number* of type arguments::" +msgstr "" +"然而，与大多数其它 Python 容器不同的是，在常见的 Python 代码中，元组中元素的类型并不相同。因此，在 Python " +"的类型系统中，元组是特殊情况。:class:`tuple` 可以接受 *任意数量* 的类型参数：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:367 +msgid "" +"# OK: ``x`` is assigned to a tuple of length 1 where the sole element is an int\n" +"x: tuple[int] = (5,)\n" +"\n" +"# OK: ``y`` is assigned to a tuple of length 2;\n" +"# element 1 is an int, element 2 is a str\n" +"y: tuple[int, str] = (5, \"foo\")\n" +"\n" +"# Error: the type annotation indicates a tuple of length 1,\n" +"# but ``z`` has been assigned to a tuple of length 3\n" +"z: tuple[int] = (1, 2, 3)" +msgstr "" +"# 可以: ``x`` 被赋值为长度为 1 的元组，其中的唯一元素是个整数\n" +"x: tuple[int] = (5,)\n" +"\n" +"# 可以: ``y`` 被赋值为长度为 2 的元素；\n" +"# 第 1 个元素是个整数，第 2 个元素是个字符串\n" +"y: tuple[int, str] = (5, \"foo\")\n" +"\n" +"# 错误: 类型标注表明是长度为 1 的元组，\n" +"# 但 ``z`` 却被赋值为长度为 3 的元组\n" +"z: tuple[int] = (1, 2, 3)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:378 +msgid "" +"To denote a tuple which could be of *any* length, and in which all elements " +"are of the same type ``T``, use ``tuple[T, ...]``. To denote an empty tuple," +" use ``tuple[()]``. Using plain ``tuple`` as an annotation is equivalent to " +"using ``tuple[Any, ...]``::" +msgstr "" +"要表示一个可以是 *任意* 长度的元组，并且其中的所有元素都是相同类型的 ``T``，请使用 ``tuple[T, ...]``。要表示空元组，请使用 " +"``tuple[()]``。只使用 ``tuple`` 作为注解等效于使用``tuple[Any, ...]``：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:383 +msgid "" +"x: tuple[int, ...] = (1, 2)\n" +"# These reassignments are OK: ``tuple[int, ...]`` indicates x can be of any length\n" +"x = (1, 2, 3)\n" +"x = ()\n" +"# This reassignment is an error: all elements in ``x`` must be ints\n" +"x = (\"foo\", \"bar\")\n" +"\n" +"# ``y`` can only ever be assigned to an empty tuple\n" +"y: tuple[()] = ()\n" +"\n" +"z: tuple = (\"foo\", \"bar\")\n" +"# These reassignments are OK: plain ``tuple`` is equivalent to ``tuple[Any, ...]``\n" +"z = (1, 2, 3)\n" +"z = ()" +msgstr "" +"x: tuple[int, ...] = (1, 2)\n" +"# 这些赋值是可以的 OK: ``tuple[int, ...]`` 表明 x 可以为任意长度\n" +"x = (1, 2, 3)\n" +"x = ()\n" +"# 这个赋值是错误的: ``x`` 中的所有元素都必须为整数\n" +"x = (\"foo\", \"bar\")\n" +"\n" +"# ``y`` 只能被赋值为一个空元组\n" +"y: tuple[()] = ()\n" +"\n" +"z: tuple = (\"foo\", \"bar\")\n" +"# 这些重新赋值是可以的 OK: 简单的 ``tuple`` 等价于 ``tuple[Any, ...]``\n" +"z = (1, 2, 3)\n" +"z = ()" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:401 +msgid "The type of class objects" +msgstr "类对象的类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:403 +msgid "" +"A variable annotated with ``C`` may accept a value of type ``C``. In " +"contrast, a variable annotated with ``type[C]`` (or deprecated " +":class:`typing.Type[C] `) may accept values that are classes " +"themselves -- specifically, it will accept the *class object* of ``C``. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"带有 ``C`` 标注的变量可接受 ``C`` 类型的值。 反之，带有 ``type[C]`` (或已被弃用的 " +":class:`typing.Type[C] `) 标注的变量则可接受本身是类的值 -- 准确地说，它将接受 ``C`` 的 *类对象*。 " +"例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:409 +msgid "" +"a = 3 # Has type ``int``\n" +"b = int # Has type ``type[int]``\n" +"c = type(a) # Also has type ``type[int]``" +msgstr "" +"a = 3 # 为 ``int`` 类型\n" +"b = int # 为 ``type[int]`` 类型\n" +"c = type(a) # 同样为 ``type[int]`` 类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:413 +msgid "Note that ``type[C]`` is covariant::" +msgstr "注意，``type[C]`` 是协变的：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:415 +msgid "" +"class User: ...\n" +"class ProUser(User): ...\n" +"class TeamUser(User): ...\n" +"\n" +"def make_new_user(user_class: type[User]) -> User:\n" +" # ...\n" +" return user_class()\n" +"\n" +"make_new_user(User) # OK\n" +"make_new_user(ProUser) # Also OK: ``type[ProUser]`` is a subtype of ``type[User]``\n" +"make_new_user(TeamUser) # Still fine\n" +"make_new_user(User()) # Error: expected ``type[User]`` but got ``User``\n" +"make_new_user(int) # Error: ``type[int]`` is not a subtype of ``type[User]``" +msgstr "" +"class User: ...\n" +"class ProUser(User): ...\n" +"class TeamUser(User): ...\n" +"\n" +"def make_new_user(user_class: type[User]) -> User:\n" +" # ...\n" +" return user_class()\n" +"\n" +"make_new_user(User) # 可以\n" +"make_new_user(ProUser) # 同样可以: ``type[ProUser]`` 是 ``type[User]`` 的子类型\n" +"make_new_user(TeamUser) # 仍然可以\n" +"make_new_user(User()) # 错误: 预期为 ``type[User]`` 但得到 ``User``\n" +"make_new_user(int) # 错误: ``type[int]`` 不是 ``type[User]`` 的子类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:429 +msgid "" +"The only legal parameters for :class:`type` are classes, :data:`Any`, " +":ref:`type variables `, and unions of any of these types. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +":class:`type` 的合法形参只有类, :data:`Any`, :ref:`类型变量 ` 以及前面这些类型的并集。 " +"例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:433 +msgid "" +"def new_non_team_user(user_class: type[BasicUser | ProUser]): ...\n" +"\n" +"new_non_team_user(BasicUser) # OK\n" +"new_non_team_user(ProUser) # OK\n" +"new_non_team_user(TeamUser) # Error: ``type[TeamUser]`` is not a subtype\n" +" # of ``type[BasicUser | ProUser]``\n" +"new_non_team_user(User) # Also an error" +msgstr "" +"def new_non_team_user(user_class: type[BasicUser | ProUser]): ...\n" +"\n" +"new_non_team_user(BasicUser) # 可以\n" +"new_non_team_user(ProUser) # 可以\n" +"new_non_team_user(TeamUser) # 错误: ``type[TeamUser]`` 不是\n" +" # ``type[BasicUser | ProUser]`` 的子类型\n" +"new_non_team_user(User) # 同样错误" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:441 +msgid "" +"``type[Any]`` is equivalent to :class:`type`, which is the root of Python's " +":ref:`metaclass hierarchy `." +msgstr "" +"``type[Any]`` 等价于 :class:`type`，它是 Python 的 :ref:`元类层级结构 ` " +"的根对象。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:448 +msgid "Annotating generators and coroutines" +msgstr "标注生成器和协程" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:450 +msgid "" +"A generator can be annotated using the generic type " +":class:`Generator[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType] " +"`. For example::" +msgstr "" +"生成器可以使用泛型类型 :class:`Generator[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType] " +"` 来标。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:454 +msgid "" +"def echo_round() -> Generator[int, float, str]:\n" +" sent = yield 0\n" +" while sent >= 0:\n" +" sent = yield round(sent)\n" +" return 'Done'" +msgstr "" +"def echo_round() -> Generator[int, float, str]:\n" +" sent = yield 0\n" +" while sent >= 0:\n" +" sent = yield round(sent)\n" +" return 'Done'" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Note that unlike many other generic classes in the standard library, the " +"``SendType`` of :class:`~collections.abc.Generator` behaves contravariantly," +" not covariantly or invariantly." +msgstr "" +"请注意与标准库里的许多其他泛型类不同，:class:`~collections.abc.Generator` 的 ``SendType`` " +"采用逆变行为，而不是协变或不变行为。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:464 +msgid "" +"The ``SendType`` and ``ReturnType`` parameters default to :const:`!None`::" +msgstr "``SendType`` 和 ``ReturnType`` 形参默认为 :const:`!None`：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:466 +msgid "" +"def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start += 1" +msgstr "" +"def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start += 1" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:471 +msgid "It is also possible to set these types explicitly::" +msgstr "也可以显式设置这些类型：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:473 +msgid "" +"def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int, None, None]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start += 1" +msgstr "" +"def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Generator[int, None, None]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start += 1" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Simple generators that only ever yield values can also be annotated as " +"having a return type of either :class:`Iterable[YieldType] " +"` or :class:`Iterator[YieldType] " +"`::" +msgstr "" +"仅产生值的简单生成器可以被标注为具有 :class:`Iterable[YieldType] ` 或" +" :class:`Iterator[YieldType] ` 类型的返回值::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:483 +msgid "" +"def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Iterator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start += 1" +msgstr "" +"def infinite_stream(start: int) -> Iterator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start += 1" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:488 +msgid "" +"Async generators are handled in a similar fashion, but don't expect a " +"``ReturnType`` type argument (:class:`AsyncGenerator[YieldType, SendType] " +"`). The ``SendType`` argument defaults to " +":const:`!None`, so the following definitions are equivalent::" +msgstr "" +"异步生成器的处理方式类似，但不要指望有 ``ReturnType`` 类型参数 (:class:`AsyncGenerator[YieldType, " +"SendType] `)。 ``SendType`` 参数默认为 " +":const:`!None`，因此以下定义是等价的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:494 +msgid "" +"async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start = await increment(start)\n" +"\n" +"async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start = await increment(start)" +msgstr "" +"async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start = await increment(start)\n" +"\n" +"async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start = await increment(start)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:504 +msgid "" +"As in the synchronous case, :class:`AsyncIterable[YieldType] " +"` and :class:`AsyncIterator[YieldType] " +"` are available as well::" +msgstr "" +"与同步情况一样，:class:`AsyncIterable[YieldType] ` 和 " +":class:`AsyncIterator[YieldType] ` 也可用::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:509 +msgid "" +"async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncIterator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start = await increment(start)" +msgstr "" +"async def infinite_stream(start: int) -> AsyncIterator[int]:\n" +" while True:\n" +" yield start\n" +" start = await increment(start)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:514 +msgid "" +"Coroutines can be annotated using :class:`Coroutine[YieldType, SendType, " +"ReturnType] `. Generic arguments correspond to " +"those of :class:`~collections.abc.Generator`, for example::" +msgstr "" +"协程可使用 :class:`[YieldType, SendType, ReturnType] `" +" 进行注释。 泛型参数对应于 :class:`~collections.abc.Generator` 的参数，例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:519 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Coroutine\n" +"c: Coroutine[list[str], str, int] # Some coroutine defined elsewhere\n" +"x = c.send('hi') # Inferred type of 'x' is list[str]\n" +"async def bar() -> None:\n" +" y = await c # Inferred type of 'y' is int" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Coroutine\n" +"c: Coroutine[list[str], str, int] # 在其他地方定义的协程\n" +"x = c.send('hi') # 推断 'x' 的类型为 list[str]\n" +"async def bar() -> None:\n" +" y = await c # 推断 'y' 的类型为 int" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:528 +msgid "User-defined generic types" +msgstr "用户定义的泛型类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:530 +msgid "A user-defined class can be defined as a generic class." +msgstr "用户定义的类可以定义为泛型类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:534 +msgid "" +"from logging import Logger\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedVar[T]:\n" +" def __init__(self, value: T, name: str, logger: Logger) -> None:\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.logger = logger\n" +" self.value = value\n" +"\n" +" def set(self, new: T) -> None:\n" +" self.log('Set ' + repr(self.value))\n" +" self.value = new\n" +"\n" +" def get(self) -> T:\n" +" self.log('Get ' + repr(self.value))\n" +" return self.value\n" +"\n" +" def log(self, message: str) -> None:\n" +" self.logger.info('%s: %s', self.name, message)" +msgstr "" +"from logging import Logger\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedVar[T]:\n" +" def __init__(self, value: T, name: str, logger: Logger) -> None:\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.logger = logger\n" +" self.value = value\n" +"\n" +" def set(self, new: T) -> None:\n" +" self.log('Set ' + repr(self.value))\n" +" self.value = new\n" +"\n" +" def get(self) -> T:\n" +" self.log('Get ' + repr(self.value))\n" +" return self.value\n" +"\n" +" def log(self, message: str) -> None:\n" +" self.logger.info('%s: %s', self.name, message)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:553 +msgid "" +"This syntax indicates that the class ``LoggedVar`` is parameterised around a" +" single :ref:`type variable ` ``T`` . This also makes ``T`` valid " +"as a type within the class body." +msgstr "" +"这种语法表示类 ``LoggedVar`` 是围绕单个 :ref:`类型变量 ` ``T`` 实现参数化的。 这也使得 ``T`` " +"成为类体内部有效的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Generic classes implicitly inherit from :class:`Generic`. For compatibility " +"with Python 3.11 and lower, it is also possible to inherit explicitly from " +":class:`Generic` to indicate a generic class::" +msgstr "" +"泛型类隐式继承自 :class:`Generic`。为了与 Python 3.11 及更低版本兼容，也允许显式地从 :class:`Generic` " +"继承以表示泛型类：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:561 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar('T')\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedVar(Generic[T]):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar('T')\n" +"\n" +"class LoggedVar(Generic[T]):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:568 +msgid "" +"Generic classes have :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` methods, meaning they" +" can be parameterised at runtime (e.g. ``LoggedVar[int]`` below)::" +msgstr "" +"泛型类具有 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 方法，这意味着泛型类可在运行时进行参数化（例如下面的 " +"``LoggedVar[int]``）：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:571 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"\n" +"def zero_all_vars(vars: Iterable[LoggedVar[int]]) -> None:\n" +" for var in vars:\n" +" var.set(0)" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"\n" +"def zero_all_vars(vars: Iterable[LoggedVar[int]]) -> None:\n" +" for var in vars:\n" +" var.set(0)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:577 +msgid "" +"A generic type can have any number of type variables. All varieties of " +":class:`TypeVar` are permissible as parameters for a generic type::" +msgstr "一个泛型可以有任何数量的类型变量。所有种类的 :class:`TypeVar` 都可以作为泛型的参数::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:580 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic, Sequence\n" +"\n" +"class WeirdTrio[T, B: Sequence[bytes], S: (int, str)]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"OldT = TypeVar('OldT', contravariant=True)\n" +"OldB = TypeVar('OldB', bound=Sequence[bytes], covariant=True)\n" +"OldS = TypeVar('OldS', int, str)\n" +"\n" +"class OldWeirdTrio(Generic[OldT, OldB, OldS]):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic, Sequence\n" +"\n" +"class WeirdTrio[T, B: Sequence[bytes], S: (int, str)]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"OldT = TypeVar('OldT', contravariant=True)\n" +"OldB = TypeVar('OldB', bound=Sequence[bytes], covariant=True)\n" +"OldS = TypeVar('OldS', int, str)\n" +"\n" +"class OldWeirdTrio(Generic[OldT, OldB, OldS]):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:592 +msgid "" +"Each type variable argument to :class:`Generic` must be distinct. This is " +"thus invalid::" +msgstr ":class:`Generic` 类型变量的参数应各不相同。下列代码就是无效的：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:595 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +"class Pair[M, M]: # SyntaxError\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar('T')\n" +"\n" +"class Pair(Generic[T, T]): # INVALID\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypeVar, Generic\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +"class Pair[M, M]: # SyntaxError\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar('T')\n" +"\n" +"class Pair(Generic[T, T]): # 无效\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:606 +msgid "Generic classes can also inherit from other classes::" +msgstr "泛型类也可以从其他类继承：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:608 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Sized\n" +"\n" +"class LinkedList[T](Sized):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Sized\n" +"\n" +"class LinkedList[T](Sized):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:613 +msgid "" +"When inheriting from generic classes, some type parameters could be fixed::" +msgstr "从泛型类继承时，某些类型参数可被固定：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:615 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +"\n" +"class MyDict[T](Mapping[str, T]):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Mapping\n" +"\n" +"class MyDict[T](Mapping[str, T]):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:620 +msgid "In this case ``MyDict`` has a single parameter, ``T``." +msgstr "在这个例子中，``MyDict`` 就只有一个参数 ``T``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:622 +msgid "" +"Using a generic class without specifying type parameters assumes :data:`Any`" +" for each position. In the following example, ``MyIterable`` is not generic " +"but implicitly inherits from ``Iterable[Any]``:" +msgstr "" +"未指定泛型类的类型参数时，会假定每个位置的类型都为 :data:`Any`。在下面的例子中，``MyIterable`` 不是泛型，但却隐式继承了 " +"``Iterable[Any]``：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:626 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"\n" +"class MyIterable(Iterable): # Same as Iterable[Any]\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"\n" +"class MyIterable(Iterable): # 与 Iterable[Any] 相同\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:633 +msgid "User-defined generic type aliases are also supported. Examples::" +msgstr "用户定义的泛型类型别名也同样受到支持。例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:635 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"\n" +"type Response[S] = Iterable[S] | int\n" +"\n" +"# Return type here is same as Iterable[str] | int\n" +"def response(query: str) -> Response[str]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"type Vec[T] = Iterable[tuple[T, T]]\n" +"\n" +"def inproduct[T: (int, float, complex)](v: Vec[T]) -> T: # Same as Iterable[tuple[T, T]]\n" +" return sum(x*y for x, y in v)" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"\n" +"type Response[S] = Iterable[S] | int\n" +"\n" +"# 这里的返回类型与 Iterable[str] | int 相同\n" +"def response(query: str) -> Response[str]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"type Vec[T] = Iterable[tuple[T, T]]\n" +"\n" +"def inproduct[T: (int, float, complex)](v: Vec[T]) -> T: # 与 Iterable[tuple[T, T]] 相同\n" +" return sum(x*y for x, y in v)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:648 +msgid "" +"For backward compatibility, generic type aliases can also be created through" +" a simple assignment::" +msgstr "出于向后兼容性的考虑，也允许使用简单的赋值来创建泛型类型别名：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:651 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"S = TypeVar(\"S\")\n" +"Response = Iterable[S] | int" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Iterable\n" +"from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"S = TypeVar(\"S\")\n" +"Response = Iterable[S] | int" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:657 +msgid ":class:`Generic` no longer has a custom metaclass." +msgstr ":class:`Generic` 不再支持自定义元类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:660 +msgid "" +"Syntactic support for generics and type aliases is new in version 3.12. " +"Previously, generic classes had to explicitly inherit from :class:`Generic` " +"or contain a type variable in one of their bases." +msgstr "" +"3.12 版本新增了对泛型和类型别名的语法支持。在之前的版本中，泛型类必须显式继承自 " +":class:`Generic`，或者在其基类之一中包含有类型变量。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:665 +msgid "" +"User-defined generics for parameter expressions are also supported via " +"parameter specification variables in the form ``[**P]``. The behavior is " +"consistent with type variables' described above as parameter specification " +"variables are treated by the typing module as a specialized type variable. " +"The one exception to this is that a list of types can be used to substitute " +"a :class:`ParamSpec`::" +msgstr "" +"用户定义的参数表达式的泛型也受到支持，可以采用 ``[**P]`` 形式的参数规格变量来表示。该行为与上面描述的类型变量一致，因为参数规格变量被 " +"typing 模块视为专门的类型变量。这方面的一个例外是，类型的列表可用于替代 :class:`ParamSpec`：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:671 +msgid "" +">>> class Z[T, **P]: ... # T is a TypeVar; P is a ParamSpec\n" +"...\n" +">>> Z[int, [dict, float]]\n" +"__main__.Z[int, [dict, float]]" +msgstr "" +">>> class Z[T, **P]: ... # T 为 TypeVar；P 为 ParamSpec\n" +"...\n" +">>> Z[int, [dict, float]]\n" +"__main__.Z[int, [dict, float]]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:676 +msgid "" +"Classes generic over a :class:`ParamSpec` can also be created using explicit" +" inheritance from :class:`Generic`. In this case, ``**`` is not used::" +msgstr "" +"带有 :class:`ParamSpec` 的泛型类也可以使用从 :class:`Generic` 显式继承的方式来创建。在这种情况下，不需要使用 " +"``**``：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:679 +msgid "" +"from typing import ParamSpec, Generic\n" +"\n" +"P = ParamSpec('P')\n" +"\n" +"class Z(Generic[P]):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import ParamSpec, Generic\n" +"\n" +"P = ParamSpec('P')\n" +"\n" +"class Z(Generic[P]):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:686 +msgid "" +"Another difference between :class:`TypeVar` and :class:`ParamSpec` is that a" +" generic with only one parameter specification variable will accept " +"parameter lists in the forms ``X[[Type1, Type2, ...]]`` and also ``X[Type1, " +"Type2, ...]`` for aesthetic reasons. Internally, the latter is converted to" +" the former, so the following are equivalent::" +msgstr "" +":class:`TypeVar` 与 :class:`ParamSpec` 的另一个区别在于只有单个参数规格变量的泛型会接受形如 ``X[[Type1," +" Type2, ...]]`` 的参数列表，同时为了美观，也接受 ``X[Type1, Type2, ...]`` 这样的形式。 " +"在内部，后者被转换为前者，所以下面的内容是等价的：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:692 +msgid "" +">>> class X[**P]: ...\n" +"...\n" +">>> X[int, str]\n" +"__main__.X[[int, str]]\n" +">>> X[[int, str]]\n" +"__main__.X[[int, str]]" +msgstr "" +">>> class X[**P]: ...\n" +"...\n" +">>> X[int, str]\n" +"__main__.X[[int, str]]\n" +">>> X[[int, str]]\n" +"__main__.X[[int, str]]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:699 +msgid "" +"Note that generics with :class:`ParamSpec` may not have correct " +"``__parameters__`` after substitution in some cases because they are " +"intended primarily for static type checking." +msgstr "" +"请注意：在某些情况下，具有 :class:`ParamSpec` 的泛型在替换后可能不具有正确的 " +"``__parameters__``，因为参数规格主要用于静态类型检查。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:703 +msgid "" +":class:`Generic` can now be parameterized over parameter expressions. See " +":class:`ParamSpec` and :pep:`612` for more details." +msgstr "" +":class:`Generic` 现在可以通过参数表达式进行参数化。参见 :class:`ParamSpec` 和 :pep:`612` " +"以了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:707 +msgid "" +"A user-defined generic class can have ABCs as base classes without a " +"metaclass conflict. Generic metaclasses are not supported. The outcome of " +"parameterizing generics is cached, and most types in the typing module are " +":term:`hashable` and comparable for equality." +msgstr "" +"用户定义的泛型类可以将 ABC 作为基类而不会导致元类冲突。 参数化泛型的输出结果会被缓存，且 typing 模块中的大多数类型都是 " +":term:`hashable` 并且支持相等性比较。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:714 +msgid "The :data:`Any` type" +msgstr ":data:`Any` 类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:716 +msgid "" +"A special kind of type is :data:`Any`. A static type checker will treat " +"every type as being compatible with :data:`Any` and :data:`Any` as being " +"compatible with every type." +msgstr "" +":data:`Any` 是一种特殊的类型。静态类型检查器认为所有类型均与 :data:`Any` 兼容，同样，:data:`Any` 也与所有类型兼容。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:720 +msgid "" +"This means that it is possible to perform any operation or method call on a " +"value of type :data:`Any` and assign it to any variable::" +msgstr "也就是说，可对 :data:`Any` 类型的值执行任何操作或方法调用，并赋值给任意变量：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:723 +msgid "" +"from typing import Any\n" +"\n" +"a: Any = None\n" +"a = [] # OK\n" +"a = 2 # OK\n" +"\n" +"s: str = ''\n" +"s = a # OK\n" +"\n" +"def foo(item: Any) -> int:\n" +" # Passes type checking; 'item' could be any type,\n" +" # and that type might have a 'bar' method\n" +" item.bar()\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import Any\n" +"\n" +"a: Any = None\n" +"a = [] # 可以\n" +"a = 2 # 可以\n" +"\n" +"s: str = ''\n" +"s = a # 可以\n" +"\n" +"def foo(item: Any) -> int:\n" +" # 通过类型检查；'item' 可以为任意类型，\n" +" # 并且其类型会具有 'bar' 方法\n" +" item.bar()\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:738 +msgid "" +"Notice that no type checking is performed when assigning a value of type " +":data:`Any` to a more precise type. For example, the static type checker did" +" not report an error when assigning ``a`` to ``s`` even though ``s`` was " +"declared to be of type :class:`str` and receives an :class:`int` value at " +"runtime!" +msgstr "" +"注意，:data:`Any` 类型的值赋给更精确的类型时，不执行类型检查。例如，把 ``a`` 赋给 ``s``，在运行时，即便 ``s`` 已声明为 " +":class:`str` 类型，但接收 :class:`int` 值时，静态类型检查器也不会报错。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:744 +msgid "" +"Furthermore, all functions without a return type or parameter types will " +"implicitly default to using :data:`Any`::" +msgstr "此外，未指定返回值与参数类型的函数，都隐式地默认使用 :data:`Any`：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:747 +msgid "" +"def legacy_parser(text):\n" +" ...\n" +" return data\n" +"\n" +"# A static type checker will treat the above\n" +"# as having the same signature as:\n" +"def legacy_parser(text: Any) -> Any:\n" +" ...\n" +" return data" +msgstr "" +"def legacy_parser(text):\n" +" ...\n" +" return data\n" +"\n" +"# 静态类型检查器将认为上面的函数\n" +"# 具有与下面的函数相同的签名：\n" +"def legacy_parser(text: Any) -> Any:\n" +" ...\n" +" return data" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:757 +msgid "" +"This behavior allows :data:`Any` to be used as an *escape hatch* when you " +"need to mix dynamically and statically typed code." +msgstr "需要混用动态与静态类型代码时，此操作把 :data:`Any` 当作 *应急出口*。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:760 +msgid "" +"Contrast the behavior of :data:`Any` with the behavior of :class:`object`. " +"Similar to :data:`Any`, every type is a subtype of :class:`object`. However," +" unlike :data:`Any`, the reverse is not true: :class:`object` is *not* a " +"subtype of every other type." +msgstr "" +":data:`Any` 和 :class:`object` 的区别。与 :data:`Any` 相似，所有类型都是 :class:`object` " +"的子类型。然而，与 :data:`Any` 不同，object 不可逆：:class:`object` *不是* 其它类型的子类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:765 +msgid "" +"That means when the type of a value is :class:`object`, a type checker will " +"reject almost all operations on it, and assigning it to a variable (or using" +" it as a return value) of a more specialized type is a type error. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"就是说，值的类型是 :class:`object` " +"时，类型检查器几乎会拒绝所有对它的操作，并且，把它赋给更精确的类型变量（或返回值）属于类型错误。例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:769 +msgid "" +"def hash_a(item: object) -> int:\n" +" # Fails type checking; an object does not have a 'magic' method.\n" +" item.magic()\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def hash_b(item: Any) -> int:\n" +" # Passes type checking\n" +" item.magic()\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# Passes type checking, since ints and strs are subclasses of object\n" +"hash_a(42)\n" +"hash_a(\"foo\")\n" +"\n" +"# Passes type checking, since Any is compatible with all types\n" +"hash_b(42)\n" +"hash_b(\"foo\")" +msgstr "" +"def hash_a(item: object) -> int:\n" +" # 不能通过类型检查；对象没有 'magic' 方法。\n" +" item.magic()\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def hash_b(item: Any) -> int:\n" +" # 通过类型检查\n" +" item.magic()\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"# 通过类型检查，因为整数和字符串都是 object 的子类\n" +"hash_a(42)\n" +"hash_a(\"foo\")\n" +"\n" +"# 通过类型检查，因为 Any 可以兼容所有类型\n" +"hash_b(42)\n" +"hash_b(\"foo\")" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:787 +msgid "" +"Use :class:`object` to indicate that a value could be any type in a typesafe" +" manner. Use :data:`Any` to indicate that a value is dynamically typed." +msgstr "使用 :class:`object`，说明值能以类型安全的方式转为任何类型。使用 :data:`Any`，说明值是动态类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:792 +msgid "Nominal vs structural subtyping" +msgstr "名义子类型 vs 结构子类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Initially :pep:`484` defined the Python static type system as using *nominal" +" subtyping*. This means that a class ``A`` is allowed where a class ``B`` is" +" expected if and only if ``A`` is a subclass of ``B``." +msgstr "" +"最初 :pep:`484` 将 Python 静态类型系统定义为使用 *名义子类型*。这意味着当且仅当类 ``A`` 是 ``B`` " +"的子类时，才满足有类 ``B`` 预期时使用类 ``A`` 。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:798 +msgid "" +"This requirement previously also applied to abstract base classes, such as " +":class:`~collections.abc.Iterable`. The problem with this approach is that a" +" class had to be explicitly marked to support them, which is unpythonic and " +"unlike what one would normally do in idiomatic dynamically typed Python " +"code. For example, this conforms to :pep:`484`::" +msgstr "" +"此项要求以前也适用于抽象基类，例如，:class:`~collections.abc.Iterable` " +"。这种方式的问题在于，定义类时必须显式说明，既不 Pythonic，也不是动态类型式 Python 代码的惯用写法。例如，下列代码就遵从了 " +":pep:`484` 的规范：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:804 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Sized, Iterable, Iterator\n" +"\n" +"class Bucket(Sized, Iterable[int]):\n" +" ...\n" +" def __len__(self) -> int: ...\n" +" def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]: ..." +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Sized, Iterable, Iterator\n" +"\n" +"class Bucket(Sized, Iterable[int]):\n" +" ...\n" +" def __len__(self) -> int: ...\n" +" def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]: ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:811 +msgid "" +":pep:`544` allows to solve this problem by allowing users to write the above" +" code without explicit base classes in the class definition, allowing " +"``Bucket`` to be implicitly considered a subtype of both ``Sized`` and " +"``Iterable[int]`` by static type checkers. This is known as *structural " +"subtyping* (or static duck-typing)::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`544` 允许用户在类定义时不显式说明基类，从而解决了这一问题，静态类型检查器隐式认为 ``Bucket`` 既是 ``Sized`` " +"的子类型，又是 ``Iterable[int]`` 的子类型。这就是 *结构子类型* （又称为静态鸭子类型）：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:817 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Iterator, Iterable\n" +"\n" +"class Bucket: # Note: no base classes\n" +" ...\n" +" def __len__(self) -> int: ...\n" +" def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]: ...\n" +"\n" +"def collect(items: Iterable[int]) -> int: ...\n" +"result = collect(Bucket()) # Passes type check" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Iterator, Iterable\n" +"\n" +"class Bucket: # 注意：没有基类\n" +" ...\n" +" def __len__(self) -> int: ...\n" +" def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]: ...\n" +"\n" +"def collect(items: Iterable[int]) -> int: ...\n" +"result = collect(Bucket()) # 通过类型检查" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Moreover, by subclassing a special class :class:`Protocol`, a user can " +"define new custom protocols to fully enjoy structural subtyping (see " +"examples below)." +msgstr "此外，结构子类型的优势在于，通过继承特殊类 :class:`Protocol` ，用户可以定义新的自定义协议（见下文中的例子）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:832 +msgid "Module contents" +msgstr "模块内容" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:834 +msgid "" +"The ``typing`` module defines the following classes, functions and " +"decorators." +msgstr "``typing`` 模块定义了下列类、函数和装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:837 +msgid "Special typing primitives" +msgstr "特殊类型原语" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:840 +msgid "Special types" +msgstr "特殊类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:842 +msgid "" +"These can be used as types in annotations. They do not support subscription " +"using ``[]``." +msgstr "这些类型可用于在注解中表示类型，但不支持下标用法（``[]``）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:847 +msgid "Special type indicating an unconstrained type." +msgstr "特殊类型，表示没有约束的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:849 +msgid "Every type is compatible with :data:`Any`." +msgstr "所有类型都与 :data:`Any` 兼容。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:850 +msgid ":data:`Any` is compatible with every type." +msgstr ":data:`Any` 与所有类型都兼容。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:852 +msgid "" +":data:`Any` can now be used as a base class. This can be useful for avoiding" +" type checker errors with classes that can duck type anywhere or are highly " +"dynamic." +msgstr ":data:`Any` 现在可以用作基类。这有助于避免类型检查器在高度动态或可通过鸭子类型使用的类上报错。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:859 +msgid "A :ref:`constrained type variable `." +msgstr ":ref:`受约束的类型变量 `。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:861 +msgid "Definition::" +msgstr "定义：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:863 +msgid "AnyStr = TypeVar('AnyStr', str, bytes)" +msgstr "AnyStr = TypeVar('AnyStr', str, bytes)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:865 +msgid "" +"``AnyStr`` is meant to be used for functions that may accept :class:`str` or" +" :class:`bytes` arguments but cannot allow the two to mix." +msgstr "``AnyStr`` 用于可接受 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 参数但不允许两者混用的函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:868 ../../library/typing.rst:986 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1043 ../../library/typing.rst:1209 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1270 ../../library/typing.rst:1312 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1513 ../../library/typing.rst:1574 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3058 ../../library/typing.rst:3286 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:870 +msgid "" +"def concat(a: AnyStr, b: AnyStr) -> AnyStr:\n" +" return a + b\n" +"\n" +"concat(\"foo\", \"bar\") # OK, output has type 'str'\n" +"concat(b\"foo\", b\"bar\") # OK, output has type 'bytes'\n" +"concat(\"foo\", b\"bar\") # Error, cannot mix str and bytes" +msgstr "" +"def concat(a: AnyStr, b: AnyStr) -> AnyStr:\n" +" return a + b\n" +"\n" +"concat(\"foo\", \"bar\") # 可以，输出为 'str' 类型\n" +"concat(b\"foo\", b\"bar\") # 可以，输出为 'bytes' 类型\n" +"concat(\"foo\", b\"bar\") # 错误，不可混用 str 和 bytes" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:877 +msgid "" +"Note that, despite its name, ``AnyStr`` has nothing to do with the " +":class:`Any` type, nor does it mean \"any string\". In particular, " +"``AnyStr`` and ``str | bytes`` are different from each other and have " +"different use cases::" +msgstr "" +"请注意：尽管名为 ``AnyStr``，但它与 :class:`Any` 类型毫无关系，也不是指“任何字符串”。而且，``AnyStr`` 更是和 " +"``str | bytes`` 彼此互不相同，各有各的使用场景：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:882 +msgid "" +"# Invalid use of AnyStr:\n" +"# The type variable is used only once in the function signature,\n" +"# so cannot be \"solved\" by the type checker\n" +"def greet_bad(cond: bool) -> AnyStr:\n" +" return \"hi there!\" if cond else b\"greetings!\"\n" +"\n" +"# The better way of annotating this function:\n" +"def greet_proper(cond: bool) -> str | bytes:\n" +" return \"hi there!\" if cond else b\"greetings!\"" +msgstr "" +"# AnyStr 的无效使用:\n" +"# 类型变量在函数签名中仅使用一次，\n" +"# 因此无法通过类型检查器“解决”\n" +"def greet_bad(cond: bool) -> AnyStr:\n" +" return \"hi there!\" if cond else b\"greetings!\"\n" +"\n" +"# 注释此函数的更好方法:\n" +"def greet_proper(cond: bool) -> str | bytes:\n" +" return \"hi there!\" if cond else b\"greetings!\"" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:892 +msgid "" +"Deprecated in favor of the new :ref:`type parameter syntax `. " +"Use ``class A[T: (str, bytes)]: ...`` instead of importing ``AnyStr``. See " +":pep:`695` for more details." +msgstr "" +"已被弃用而应改用新的 :ref:`类型形参语法 `。 使用 ``class A[T: (str, bytes)]: ...``" +" 而不是导入 ``AnyStr``。 详情参见 :pep:`695`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:897 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.16, ``AnyStr`` will be removed from ``typing.__all__``, and " +"deprecation warnings will be emitted at runtime when it is accessed or " +"imported from ``typing``. ``AnyStr`` will be removed from ``typing`` in " +"Python 3.18." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.16 中，``AnyStr`` 将从 ``typing.__all__`` 中被移除，在运行时当它被访问或从 ``typing``" +" 导入时将发出弃用警告。 在 Python 3.18 中 ``AnyStr`` 将从 ``typing`` 中被移除。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:904 +msgid "Special type that includes only literal strings." +msgstr "只包括字符串字面值的的特殊类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:906 +msgid "" +"Any string literal is compatible with ``LiteralString``, as is another " +"``LiteralString``. However, an object typed as just ``str`` is not. A string" +" created by composing ``LiteralString``-typed objects is also acceptable as " +"a ``LiteralString``." +msgstr "" +"任何字符串字面值或其他 ``LiteralString`` 都与 ``LiteralString`` 兼容。但 ``str`` " +"类型的对象不与其兼容。组合 ``LiteralString`` 类型的对象产生的字符串也被认为是 ``LiteralString``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:912 ../../library/typing.rst:2145 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:914 +msgid "" +"def run_query(sql: LiteralString) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def caller(arbitrary_string: str, literal_string: LiteralString) -> None:\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM students\") # OK\n" +" run_query(literal_string) # OK\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM \" + literal_string) # OK\n" +" run_query(arbitrary_string) # type checker error\n" +" run_query( # type checker error\n" +" f\"SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = {arbitrary_string}\"\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"def run_query(sql: LiteralString) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def caller(arbitrary_string: str, literal_string: LiteralString) -> None:\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM students\") # 可以\n" +" run_query(literal_string) # 可以\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM \" + literal_string) # 可以\n" +" run_query(arbitrary_string) # 类型检查器错误\n" +" run_query( # 类型检查器错误\n" +" f\"SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = {arbitrary_string}\"\n" +" )" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:928 +msgid "" +"``LiteralString`` is useful for sensitive APIs where arbitrary user-" +"generated strings could generate problems. For example, the two cases above " +"that generate type checker errors could be vulnerable to an SQL injection " +"attack." +msgstr "" +"``LiteralString`` 对于会因用户可输入任意字符串而导致问题的敏感 API 很有用。例如，上述两处导致类型检查器报错的代码可能容易被 " +"SQL 注入攻击。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:933 +msgid "See :pep:`675` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`675` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:940 +msgid "" +":data:`!Never` and :data:`!NoReturn` represent the `bottom type " +"`_, a type that has no members." +msgstr "" +":data:`!Never` 和 :data:`!NoReturn` 代表 `底类型 " +"`_，一种没有成员的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:944 +msgid "" +"They can be used to indicate that a function never returns, such as " +":func:`sys.exit`::" +msgstr "它们可被用于指明一个函数绝不会返回，例如 :func:`sys.exit`::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:947 +msgid "" +"from typing import Never # or NoReturn\n" +"\n" +"def stop() -> Never:\n" +" raise RuntimeError('no way')" +msgstr "" +"from typing import Never # 或 NoReturn\n" +"\n" +"def stop() -> Never:\n" +" raise RuntimeError('no way')" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:952 +msgid "" +"Or to define a function that should never be called, as there are no valid " +"arguments, such as :func:`assert_never`::" +msgstr "或者用于定义一个绝不应被调用的函数，因为不存在有效的参数，例如 :func:`assert_never`::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:956 +msgid "" +"from typing import Never # or NoReturn\n" +"\n" +"def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:\n" +" never_call_me(arg) # type checker error\n" +" match arg:\n" +" case int():\n" +" print(\"It's an int\")\n" +" case str():\n" +" print(\"It's a str\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" never_call_me(arg) # OK, arg is of type Never (or NoReturn)" +msgstr "" +"from typing import Never # 或 NoReturn\n" +"\n" +"def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:\n" +" never_call_me(arg) # 类型检查器错误\n" +" match arg:\n" +" case int():\n" +" print(\"It's an int\")\n" +" case str():\n" +" print(\"It's a str\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" never_call_me(arg) # OK, arg is of type Never (or NoReturn)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:971 +msgid "" +":data:`!Never` and :data:`!NoReturn` have the same meaning in the type " +"system and static type checkers treat both equivalently." +msgstr "" +":data:`!Never` 和 :data:`!NoReturn` 在类型系统中具有相同的含义并且静态类型检查器会以相同的方式对待这两者。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:976 +msgid "Added :data:`NoReturn`." +msgstr "增加了 :data:`NoReturn`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:980 +msgid "Added :data:`Never`." +msgstr "增加了 :data:`Never`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:984 +msgid "Special type to represent the current enclosed class." +msgstr "特殊类型，表示当前闭包内的类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:988 +msgid "" +"from typing import Self, reveal_type\n" +"\n" +"class Foo:\n" +" def return_self(self) -> Self:\n" +" ...\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +"class SubclassOfFoo(Foo): pass\n" +"\n" +"reveal_type(Foo().return_self()) # Revealed type is \"Foo\"\n" +"reveal_type(SubclassOfFoo().return_self()) # Revealed type is \"SubclassOfFoo\"" +msgstr "" +"from typing import Self, reveal_type\n" +"\n" +"class Foo:\n" +" def return_self(self) -> Self:\n" +" ...\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +"class SubclassOfFoo(Foo): pass\n" +"\n" +"reveal_type(Foo().return_self()) # 揭示的类型为 \"Foo\"\n" +"reveal_type(SubclassOfFoo().return_self()) # 揭示的类型为 \"SubclassOfFoo\"" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"This annotation is semantically equivalent to the following, albeit in a " +"more succinct fashion::" +msgstr "此注解在语法上等价于以下代码，但形式更为简洁：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"Self = TypeVar(\"Self\", bound=\"Foo\")\n" +"\n" +"class Foo:\n" +" def return_self(self: Self) -> Self:\n" +" ...\n" +" return self" +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"Self = TypeVar(\"Self\", bound=\"Foo\")\n" +"\n" +"class Foo:\n" +" def return_self(self: Self) -> Self:\n" +" ...\n" +" return self" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"In general, if something returns ``self``, as in the above examples, you " +"should use ``Self`` as the return annotation. If ``Foo.return_self`` was " +"annotated as returning ``\"Foo\"``, then the type checker would infer the " +"object returned from ``SubclassOfFoo.return_self`` as being of type ``Foo`` " +"rather than ``SubclassOfFoo``." +msgstr "" +"通常来说，如果某些内容返回 ``self``，如上面的示例所示，您应该使用 ``Self`` 作为返回值注解。如果 " +"``Foo.return_self`` 被注解为返回 ``\"Foo\"``，那么类型检查器将推断从 " +"``SubclassOfFoo.return_self`` 返回的对象是 ``Foo`` 类型，而不是 ``SubclassOfFoo``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1018 +msgid "Other common use cases include:" +msgstr "其它常见用例包括：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1020 +msgid "" +":class:`classmethod`\\s that are used as alternative constructors and return" +" instances of the ``cls`` parameter." +msgstr "被用作替代构造器的 :class:`classmethod`，它将返回 ``cls`` 形参的实例。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1022 +msgid "Annotating an :meth:`~object.__enter__` method which returns self." +msgstr "标注一个返回自身的 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"You should not use ``Self`` as the return annotation if the method is not " +"guaranteed to return an instance of a subclass when the class is " +"subclassed::" +msgstr "如果不能保证在子类中方法会返回子类的实例（而非父类的实例），则不应使用 ``Self`` 作为返回值注解：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"class Eggs:\n" +" # Self would be an incorrect return annotation here,\n" +" # as the object returned is always an instance of Eggs,\n" +" # even in subclasses\n" +" def returns_eggs(self) -> \"Eggs\":\n" +" return Eggs()" +msgstr "" +"class Eggs:\n" +" # 在这里 self 是一个不正确的返回注释,\n" +" # 因为返回的对象始终是 Eggs 的一个实例,\n" +" # 即使在子类中\n" +" def returns_eggs(self) -> \"Eggs\":\n" +" return Eggs()" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1035 +msgid "See :pep:`673` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`673`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"Special annotation for explicitly declaring a :ref:`type alias `." +msgstr "特殊注解，用于显式声明 :ref:`类型别名 `." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1045 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypeAlias\n" +"\n" +"Factors: TypeAlias = list[int]" +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypeAlias\n" +"\n" +"Factors: TypeAlias = list[int]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1049 +msgid "" +"``TypeAlias`` is particularly useful on older Python versions for annotating" +" aliases that make use of forward references, as it can be hard for type " +"checkers to distinguish these from normal variable assignments:" +msgstr "" +"在较早的 Python 版本上，``TypeAlias`` " +"对注解使用前向引用的别名时特别有用，因为类型检查器可能很难将这些别名与正常的变量赋值区分开来：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"from typing import Generic, TypeAlias, TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"# \"Box\" does not exist yet,\n" +"# so we have to use quotes for the forward reference on Python <3.12.\n" +"# Using ``TypeAlias`` tells the type checker that this is a type alias declaration,\n" +"# not a variable assignment to a string.\n" +"BoxOfStrings: TypeAlias = \"Box[str]\"\n" +"\n" +"class Box(Generic[T]):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def make_box_of_strings(cls) -> BoxOfStrings: ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import Generic, TypeAlias, TypeVar\n" +"\n" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"# \"Box\" 还不存在,\n" +"# 因此我们必须在 Python <3.12 版本中使用引号进行前向引用。\n" +"# 使用 ``TypeAlias`` 告诉类型检查器这是一个类型别名声明，\n" +"# 而不是对字符串的变量赋值。\n" +"BoxOfStrings: TypeAlias = \"Box[str]\"\n" +"\n" +"class Box(Generic[T]):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def make_box_of_strings(cls) -> BoxOfStrings: ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1069 +msgid "See :pep:`613` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`613` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1073 +msgid "" +":data:`TypeAlias` is deprecated in favor of the :keyword:`type` statement, " +"which creates instances of :class:`TypeAliasType` and which natively " +"supports forward references. Note that while :data:`TypeAlias` and " +":class:`TypeAliasType` serve similar purposes and have similar names, they " +"are distinct and the latter is not the type of the former. Removal of " +":data:`TypeAlias` is not currently planned, but users are encouraged to " +"migrate to :keyword:`type` statements." +msgstr "" +":data:`TypeAlias` 被弃用，请使用 :keyword:`type` 语句，后者创建 :class:`TypeAliasType` " +"的实例，并且天然支持正向引用。请注意，虽然 :data:`TypeAlias` 和 :class:`TypeAliasType` " +"具有相似的用途和名称，但它们是不同的，后者并不是前者的类型。目前还没有移除 :data:`TypeAlias` 的计划，但鼓励用户迁移到 " +":keyword:`type` 语句。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1084 +msgid "Special forms" +msgstr "特殊形式" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"These can be used as types in annotations. They all support subscription " +"using ``[]``, but each has a unique syntax." +msgstr "这些内容在注解中可以视为类型，且都支持下标用法（``[]``），但每个都有唯一的语法。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1091 +msgid "" +"Union type; ``Union[X, Y]`` is equivalent to ``X | Y`` and means either X or" +" Y." +msgstr "联合类型； ``Union[X, Y]`` 等价于 ``X | Y`` ，意味着满足 X 或 Y 之一。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"To define a union, use e.g. ``Union[int, str]`` or the shorthand ``int | " +"str``. Using that shorthand is recommended. Details:" +msgstr "要定义一个联合类型，可以使用类似 ``Union[int, str]`` 或简写 ``int | str``。建议使用这种简写。细节:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1095 +msgid "The arguments must be types and there must be at least one." +msgstr "参数必须是某种类型，且至少有一个。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1097 +msgid "Unions of unions are flattened, e.g.::" +msgstr "联合类型之联合类型会被展平，例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1099 +msgid "Union[Union[int, str], float] == Union[int, str, float]" +msgstr "Union[Union[int, str], float] == Union[int, str, float]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1101 +msgid "Unions of a single argument vanish, e.g.::" +msgstr "单参数之联合类型就是该参数自身，例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1103 +msgid "Union[int] == int # The constructor actually returns int" +msgstr "Union[int] == int # 该构造器确实返回 int" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1105 +msgid "Redundant arguments are skipped, e.g.::" +msgstr "冗余的参数会被跳过，例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1107 +msgid "Union[int, str, int] == Union[int, str] == int | str" +msgstr "Union[int, str, int] == Union[int, str] == int | str" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1109 +msgid "When comparing unions, the argument order is ignored, e.g.::" +msgstr "比较联合类型，不涉及参数顺序，例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1111 +msgid "Union[int, str] == Union[str, int]" +msgstr "Union[int, str] == Union[str, int]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1113 +msgid "You cannot subclass or instantiate a ``Union``." +msgstr "不可创建 ``Union`` 的子类或实例。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1115 +msgid "You cannot write ``Union[X][Y]``." +msgstr "没有 ``Union[X][Y]`` 这种写法。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1117 +msgid "Don't remove explicit subclasses from unions at runtime." +msgstr "在运行时，不要移除联合类型中的显式子类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"Unions can now be written as ``X | Y``. See :ref:`union type " +"expressions`." +msgstr "联合类型现在可以写成 ``X | Y``。 参见 :ref:`联合类型表达式 `。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1126 +msgid "``Optional[X]`` is equivalent to ``X | None`` (or ``Union[X, None]``)." +msgstr "``Optional[X]`` 等价于 ``X | None`` （或 ``Union[X, None]`` ） 。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1128 +msgid "" +"Note that this is not the same concept as an optional argument, which is one" +" that has a default. An optional argument with a default does not require " +"the ``Optional`` qualifier on its type annotation just because it is " +"optional. For example::" +msgstr "" +"注意，可选类型与含默认值的可选参数不同。含默认值的可选参数不需要在类型注解上添加 ``Optional`` 限定符，因为它仅是可选的。例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"def foo(arg: int = 0) -> None:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def foo(arg: int = 0) -> None:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, if an explicit value of ``None`` is allowed, the use of " +"``Optional`` is appropriate, whether the argument is optional or not. For " +"example::" +msgstr "另一方面，显式应用 ``None`` 值时，不管该参数是否可选， ``Optional`` 都适用。例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1140 +msgid "" +"def foo(arg: Optional[int] = None) -> None:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def foo(arg: Optional[int] = None) -> None:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"Optional can now be written as ``X | None``. See :ref:`union type " +"expressions`." +msgstr "可选参数现在可以写成 ``X | None``。 参见 :ref:`联合类型表达式 `。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1149 +msgid "Special form for annotating higher-order functions." +msgstr "特殊形式，用于注解高阶函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"``Concatenate`` can be used in conjunction with :ref:`Callable ` and :class:`ParamSpec` to annotate a higher-order callable which" +" adds, removes, or transforms parameters of another callable. Usage is in " +"the form ``Concatenate[Arg1Type, Arg2Type, ..., ParamSpecVariable]``. " +"``Concatenate`` is currently only valid when used as the first argument to a" +" :ref:`Callable `. The last parameter to " +"``Concatenate`` must be a :class:`ParamSpec` or ellipsis (``...``)." +msgstr "" +"``Concatenate`` 可用于与 :ref:`Callable ` 和 " +":class:`ParamSpec` 连用来注解高阶可调用对象，该可象可以添加、移除或转换另一个可调用对象的形参。 使用形式为 " +"``Concatenate[Arg1Type, Arg2Type, ..., ParamSpecVariable]``。 ``Concatenate``" +" 目前仅可用作传给 :ref:`Callable ` 的第一个参数。传给 ``Concatenate`` " +"的最后一个形参必须是 :class:`ParamSpec` 或省略号（ ``...`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1160 +msgid "" +"For example, to annotate a decorator ``with_lock`` which provides a " +":class:`threading.Lock` to the decorated function, ``Concatenate`` can be " +"used to indicate that ``with_lock`` expects a callable which takes in a " +"``Lock`` as the first argument, and returns a callable with a different type" +" signature. In this case, the :class:`ParamSpec` indicates that the " +"returned callable's parameter types are dependent on the parameter types of " +"the callable being passed in::" +msgstr "" +"例如，为了注释一个装饰器 ``with_lock``，它为被装饰的函数提供了 " +":class:`threading.Lock`，``Concatenate`` 可以用来表示 ``with_lock`` " +"期望一个可调用对象，该对象接收一个 ``Lock`` 作为第一个参数，并返回一个具有不同类型签名的可调用对象。 " +"在这种情况下，:class:`ParamSpec` 表示返回的可调用对象的参数类型取决于被传入的可调用程序的参数类型::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Callable\n" +"from threading import Lock\n" +"from typing import Concatenate\n" +"\n" +"# Use this lock to ensure that only one thread is executing a function\n" +"# at any time.\n" +"my_lock = Lock()\n" +"\n" +"def with_lock[**P, R](f: Callable[Concatenate[Lock, P], R]) -> Callable[P, R]:\n" +" '''A type-safe decorator which provides a lock.'''\n" +" def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:\n" +" # Provide the lock as the first argument.\n" +" return f(my_lock, *args, **kwargs)\n" +" return inner\n" +"\n" +"@with_lock\n" +"def sum_threadsafe(lock: Lock, numbers: list[float]) -> float:\n" +" '''Add a list of numbers together in a thread-safe manner.'''\n" +" with lock:\n" +" return sum(numbers)\n" +"\n" +"# We don't need to pass in the lock ourselves thanks to the decorator.\n" +"sum_threadsafe([1.1, 2.2, 3.3])" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Callable\n" +"from threading import Lock\n" +"from typing import Concatenate\n" +"\n" +"# 使用此锁来确保在任何时候只有一个线程正在执行某个函数。\n" +"my_lock = Lock()\n" +"\n" +"def with_lock[**P, R](f: Callable[Concatenate[Lock, P], R]) -> Callable[P, R]:\n" +" '''A type-safe decorator which provides a lock.'''\n" +" def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:\n" +" # Provide the lock as the first argument.\n" +" return f(my_lock, *args, **kwargs)\n" +" return inner\n" +"\n" +"@with_lock\n" +"def sum_threadsafe(lock: Lock, numbers: list[float]) -> float:\n" +" '''Add a list of numbers together in a thread-safe manner.'''\n" +" with lock:\n" +" return sum(numbers)\n" +"\n" +"# 由于装饰器的存在，我们不需要自己传递锁。\n" +"sum_threadsafe([1.1, 2.2, 3.3])" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1196 ../../library/typing.rst:2113 +msgid "" +":pep:`612` -- Parameter Specification Variables (the PEP which introduced " +"``ParamSpec`` and ``Concatenate``)" +msgstr ":pep:`612` -- 参数规范变量（引入 ``ParamSpec`` 和 ``Concatenate`` 的 PEP）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1198 +msgid ":class:`ParamSpec`" +msgstr ":class:`ParamSpec`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1199 ../../library/typing.rst:2116 +msgid ":ref:`annotating-callables`" +msgstr ":ref:`annotating-callables`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1203 +msgid "Special typing form to define \"literal types\"." +msgstr "特殊类型注解形式，用于定义“字面值类型”。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"``Literal`` can be used to indicate to type checkers that the annotated " +"object has a value equivalent to one of the provided literals." +msgstr "``Literal`` 可以用来向类型检查器说明被注解的对象具有与所提供的字面量之一相同的值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1211 +msgid "" +"def validate_simple(data: Any) -> Literal[True]: # always returns True\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"type Mode = Literal['r', 'rb', 'w', 'wb']\n" +"def open_helper(file: str, mode: Mode) -> str:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"open_helper('/some/path', 'r') # Passes type check\n" +"open_helper('/other/path', 'typo') # Error in type checker" +msgstr "" +"def validate_simple(data: Any) -> Literal[True]: # 总是返回 True\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"type Mode = Literal['r', 'rb', 'w', 'wb']\n" +"def open_helper(file: str, mode: Mode) -> str:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"open_helper('/some/path', 'r') # 通过类型检查\n" +"open_helper('/other/path', 'typo') # 类型检查错误" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"``Literal[...]`` cannot be subclassed. At runtime, an arbitrary value is " +"allowed as type argument to ``Literal[...]``, but type checkers may impose " +"restrictions. See :pep:`586` for more details about literal types." +msgstr "" +"``Literal[...]`` 不能创建子类。在运行时，任意值均可作为 ``Literal[...]`` " +"的类型参数，但类型检查器可以对此加以限制。字面量类型详见 :pep:`586` 。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"``Literal`` now de-duplicates parameters. Equality comparisons of " +"``Literal`` objects are no longer order dependent. ``Literal`` objects will " +"now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception during equality comparisons if one of" +" their parameters are not :term:`hashable`." +msgstr "" +"``Literal`` 现在能去除形参的重复。 ``Literal`` 对象的相等性比较不再依赖顺序。 现在如果有某个参数不为 " +":term:`hashable`，``Literal`` 对象在相等性比较期间将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1235 +msgid "Special type construct to mark class variables." +msgstr "特殊类型注解构造，用于标注类变量。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"As introduced in :pep:`526`, a variable annotation wrapped in ClassVar " +"indicates that a given attribute is intended to be used as a class variable " +"and should not be set on instances of that class. Usage::" +msgstr "如 :pep:`526` 所述，打包在 ClassVar 内的变量注解是指，给定属性应当用作类变量，而不应设置在类实例上。用法如下：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"class Starship:\n" +" stats: ClassVar[dict[str, int]] = {} # class variable\n" +" damage: int = 10 # instance variable" +msgstr "" +"class Starship:\n" +" stats: ClassVar[dict[str, int]] = {} # 类变量\n" +" damage: int = 10 # 实例变量" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1245 +msgid ":data:`ClassVar` accepts only types and cannot be further subscribed." +msgstr ":data:`ClassVar` 仅接受类型，也不能使用下标。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1247 +msgid "" +":data:`ClassVar` is not a class itself, and should not be used with " +":func:`isinstance` or :func:`issubclass`. :data:`ClassVar` does not change " +"Python runtime behavior, but it can be used by third-party type checkers. " +"For example, a type checker might flag the following code as an error::" +msgstr "" +":data:`ClassVar` 本身不是类，不应用于 :func:`isinstance` 或 " +":func:`issubclass`。:data:`ClassVar` 不改变 Python " +"运行时行为，但可以用于第三方类型检查器。例如，类型检查器会认为以下代码有错：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"enterprise_d = Starship(3000)\n" +"enterprise_d.stats = {} # Error, setting class variable on instance\n" +"Starship.stats = {} # This is OK" +msgstr "" +"enterprise_d = Starship(3000)\n" +"enterprise_d.stats = {} # 错误，在实例上设置类变量\n" +"Starship.stats = {} # 这是可以的" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1261 +msgid ":data:`ClassVar` can now be nested in :data:`Final` and vice versa." +msgstr "现在 :data:`ClassVar` 可以被嵌套在 :data:`Final` 中，反之亦然。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1265 +msgid "Special typing construct to indicate final names to type checkers." +msgstr "特殊类型注解构造，用于向类型检查器表示最终名称。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Final names cannot be reassigned in any scope. Final names declared in class" +" scopes cannot be overridden in subclasses." +msgstr "不能在任何作用域中重新分配最终名称。类作用域中声明的最终名称不能在子类中重写。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1272 +msgid "" +"MAX_SIZE: Final = 9000\n" +"MAX_SIZE += 1 # Error reported by type checker\n" +"\n" +"class Connection:\n" +" TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 10\n" +"\n" +"class FastConnector(Connection):\n" +" TIMEOUT = 1 # Error reported by type checker" +msgstr "" +"MAX_SIZE: Final = 9000\n" +"MAX_SIZE += 1 # 类型检查器将报告错误\n" +"\n" +"class Connection:\n" +" TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 10\n" +"\n" +"class FastConnector(Connection):\n" +" TIMEOUT = 1 # 类型检查器将报告错误" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1281 ../../library/typing.rst:3074 +msgid "" +"There is no runtime checking of these properties. See :pep:`591` for more " +"details." +msgstr "这些属性没有运行时检查。详见 :pep:`591`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1288 +msgid ":data:`Final` can now be nested in :data:`ClassVar` and vice versa." +msgstr "现在 :data:`Final` 可以被嵌套在 :data:`ClassVar` 中，反之亦然。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1292 +msgid "Special typing construct to mark a :class:`TypedDict` key as required." +msgstr "特殊类型注解构造，用于标记 :class:`TypedDict` 键为必填项。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1294 +msgid "" +"This is mainly useful for ``total=False`` TypedDicts. See :class:`TypedDict`" +" and :pep:`655` for more details." +msgstr "" +"这主要用于 ``total=False`` 的 TypedDict。有关更多详细信息，请参阅 :class:`TypedDict` 和 " +":pep:`655` 。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"Special typing construct to mark a :class:`TypedDict` key as potentially " +"missing." +msgstr "特殊类型注解构造，用于标记 :class:`TypedDict` 键为可能不存在的键。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1304 +msgid "See :class:`TypedDict` and :pep:`655` for more details." +msgstr "详情参见 :class:`TypedDict` 和 :pep:`655`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1310 +msgid "" +"A special typing construct to mark an item of a :class:`TypedDict` as read-" +"only." +msgstr "一个特殊的类型标注构造，用于将 :class:`TypedDict` 的项标记为只读。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" title: ReadOnly[str]\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None:\n" +" m[\"year\"] = 1999 # allowed\n" +" m[\"title\"] = \"The Matrix\" # typechecker error" +msgstr "" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" title: ReadOnly[str]\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None:\n" +" m[\"year\"] = 1999 # allowed\n" +" m[\"title\"] = \"The Matrix\" # 类型检查错误" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1322 +msgid "There is no runtime checking for this property." +msgstr "这个属性没有运行时检查。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1324 +msgid "See :class:`TypedDict` and :pep:`705` for more details." +msgstr "详见 :class:`TypedDict` 和 :pep:`705`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1330 +msgid "Special typing form to add context-specific metadata to an annotation." +msgstr "特殊类型注解形式，用于向注解添加特定于上下文的元数据。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1332 +msgid "" +"Add metadata ``x`` to a given type ``T`` by using the annotation " +"``Annotated[T, x]``. Metadata added using ``Annotated`` can be used by " +"static analysis tools or at runtime. At runtime, the metadata is stored in a" +" :attr:`!__metadata__` attribute." +msgstr "" +"使用注解 ``Annotated[T, x]`` 将元数据 ``x`` 添加到给定类型 ``T`` 。使用 ``Annotated`` " +"添加的元数据可以被静态分析工具使用，也可以在运行时使用。在运行时使用的情况下，元数据存储在 :attr:`!__metadata__` 属性中。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"If a library or tool encounters an annotation ``Annotated[T, x]`` and has no" +" special logic for the metadata, it should ignore the metadata and simply " +"treat the annotation as ``T``. As such, ``Annotated`` can be useful for code" +" that wants to use annotations for purposes outside Python's static typing " +"system." +msgstr "" +"如果库或工具遇到注解 ``Annotated[T, x]`` ，并且没有针对这一元数据的特殊处理逻辑，则应该忽略该元数据，简单地将注解视为 ``T`` " +"。因此， ``Annotated`` 对于希望将注解用于 Python 的静态类型注解系统之外的目的的代码很有用。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"Using ``Annotated[T, x]`` as an annotation still allows for static " +"typechecking of ``T``, as type checkers will simply ignore the metadata " +"``x``. In this way, ``Annotated`` differs from the :func:`@no_type_check " +"` decorator, which can also be used for adding annotations " +"outside the scope of the typing system, but completely disables typechecking" +" for a function or class." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``Annotated[T, x]`` 作为注解仍然允许对 ``T`` 进行静态类型检查，因为类型检查器将简单地忽略元数据 ``x`` " +"。因此，``Annotated`` 不同于 :func:`@no_type_check ` " +"装饰器，后者虽然也可以用于在类型注解系统范围之外添加注解，但是会完全禁用对函数或类的类型检查。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"The responsibility of how to interpret the metadata lies with the tool or " +"library encountering an ``Annotated`` annotation. A tool or library " +"encountering an ``Annotated`` type can scan through the metadata elements to" +" determine if they are of interest (e.g., using :func:`isinstance`)." +msgstr "" +"具体解释元数据的方式由遇到 ``Annotated`` 注解的工具或库来负责。遇到 ``Annotated`` " +"类型的工具或库可以扫描元数据的各个元素以确定其是否有意处理（比如使用 :func:`isinstance` ）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1358 +msgid "" +"Here is an example of how you might use ``Annotated`` to add metadata to " +"type annotations if you were doing range analysis:" +msgstr "以下示例演示在进行区间范围分析时使用 ``Annotated`` 将元数据添加到类型注解的方法：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1361 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class ValueRange:\n" +" lo: int\n" +" hi: int\n" +"\n" +"T1 = Annotated[int, ValueRange(-10, 5)]\n" +"T2 = Annotated[T1, ValueRange(-20, 3)]" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class ValueRange:\n" +" lo: int\n" +" hi: int\n" +"\n" +"T1 = Annotated[int, ValueRange(-10, 5)]\n" +"T2 = Annotated[T1, ValueRange(-20, 3)]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"The first argument to ``Annotated`` must be a valid type. Multiple metadata " +"elements can be supplied as ``Annotated`` supports variadic arguments. The " +"order of the metadata elements is preserved and matters for equality " +"checks::" +msgstr "" +"传给 ``Annotated`` 的第一个参数必须是合法的类型。 可以将多个元数据元素作为支持可变参数的 ``Annotated`` 来提供。 " +"元数据元素的顺序将被保留并会影响相等性检测::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1375 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class ctype:\n" +" kind: str\n" +"\n" +"a1 = Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype(\"char\")]\n" +"a2 = Annotated[int, ctype(\"char\"), ValueRange(3, 10)]\n" +"\n" +"assert a1 != a2 # Order matters" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class ctype:\n" +" kind: str\n" +"\n" +"a1 = Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype(\"char\")]\n" +"a2 = Annotated[int, ctype(\"char\"), ValueRange(3, 10)]\n" +"\n" +"assert a1 != a2 # 顺序会有影响" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1384 +msgid "" +"It is up to the tool consuming the annotations to decide whether the client " +"is allowed to add multiple metadata elements to one annotation and how to " +"merge those annotations." +msgstr "由处理注解的工具决定是否允许向一个注解中添加多个元数据元素，以及如何合并这些注解。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"Nested ``Annotated`` types are flattened. The order of the metadata elements" +" starts with the innermost annotation::" +msgstr "嵌套的 ``Annotated`` 类型会被展平。元数据元素从最内层的注解开始依次展开：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"assert Annotated[Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10)], ctype(\"char\")] == Annotated[\n" +" int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype(\"char\")\n" +"]" +msgstr "" +"assert Annotated[Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10)], ctype(\"char\")] == Annotated[\n" +" int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype(\"char\")\n" +"]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1395 +msgid "Duplicated metadata elements are not removed::" +msgstr "元数据中的重复元素不会被移除：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1397 +msgid "" +"assert Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10)] != Annotated[\n" +" int, ValueRange(3, 10), ValueRange(3, 10)\n" +"]" +msgstr "" +"assert Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10)] != Annotated[\n" +" int, ValueRange(3, 10), ValueRange(3, 10)\n" +"]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1401 +msgid "``Annotated`` can be used with nested and generic aliases:" +msgstr "``Annotated`` 可以与嵌套别名和泛型别名一起使用：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1403 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class MaxLen:\n" +" value: int\n" +"\n" +"type Vec[T] = Annotated[list[tuple[T, T]], MaxLen(10)]\n" +"\n" +"# When used in a type annotation, a type checker will treat \"V\" the same as\n" +"# ``Annotated[list[tuple[int, int]], MaxLen(10)]``:\n" +"type V = Vec[int]" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class MaxLen:\n" +" value: int\n" +"\n" +"type Vec[T] = Annotated[list[tuple[T, T]], MaxLen(10)]\n" +"\n" +"# 当在类型注释中使用时，类型检查器会将“V”视为\n" +"# ``Annotated[list[tuple[int, int]], MaxLen(10)]``:\n" +"type V = Vec[int]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1415 +msgid "``Annotated`` cannot be used with an unpacked :class:`TypeVarTuple`::" +msgstr "``Annotated`` 不能与已解包的 :class:`TypeVarTuple` 一起使用::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"type Variadic[*Ts] = Annotated[*Ts, Ann1] = Annotated[T1, T2, T3, ..., Ann1]" +" # NOT valid" +msgstr "" +"type Variadic[*Ts] = Annotated[*Ts, Ann1] = Annotated[T1, T2, T3, ..., Ann1]" +" # 不合法" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"where ``T1``, ``T2``, ... are :class:`TypeVars `. This is invalid " +"as only one type should be passed to Annotated." +msgstr "" +"其中 ``T1``, ``T2`` ... 都是 :class:`TypeVars `。 这是不合法的因为只能传递一种类型给 " +"Annotated。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1422 +msgid "" +"By default, :func:`get_type_hints` strips the metadata from annotations. " +"Pass ``include_extras=True`` to have the metadata preserved:" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下， :func:`get_type_hints` 会去除注解中的元数据。传入 ``include_extras=True`` 可以保留元数据：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1425 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import Annotated, get_type_hints\n" +">>> def func(x: Annotated[int, \"metadata\"]) -> None: pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> get_type_hints(func)\n" +"{'x': , 'return': }\n" +">>> get_type_hints(func, include_extras=True)\n" +"{'x': typing.Annotated[int, 'metadata'], 'return': }" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import Annotated, get_type_hints\n" +">>> def func(x: Annotated[int, \"metadata\"]) -> None: pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> get_type_hints(func)\n" +"{'x': , 'return': }\n" +">>> get_type_hints(func, include_extras=True)\n" +"{'x': typing.Annotated[int, 'metadata'], 'return': }" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"At runtime, the metadata associated with an ``Annotated`` type can be " +"retrieved via the :attr:`!__metadata__` attribute:" +msgstr "在运行时，与特定 ``Annotated`` 类型相关联的元数据可通过 :attr:`!__metadata__` 属性来获取：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1438 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import Annotated\n" +">>> X = Annotated[int, \"very\", \"important\", \"metadata\"]\n" +">>> X\n" +"typing.Annotated[int, 'very', 'important', 'metadata']\n" +">>> X.__metadata__\n" +"('very', 'important', 'metadata')" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import Annotated\n" +">>> X = Annotated[int, \"very\", \"important\", \"metadata\"]\n" +">>> X\n" +"typing.Annotated[int, 'very', 'important', 'metadata']\n" +">>> X.__metadata__\n" +"('very', 'important', 'metadata')" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"If you want to retrieve the original type wrapped by ``Annotated``, use the " +":attr:`!__origin__` attribute:" +msgstr "如果你想要获取由 ``Annotated`` 包装的原始类型，请使用 :attr:`!__origin__` 属性：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1450 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import Annotated, get_origin\n" +">>> Password = Annotated[str, \"secret\"]\n" +">>> Password.__origin__\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import Annotated, get_origin\n" +">>> Password = Annotated[str, \"secret\"]\n" +">>> Password.__origin__\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1457 +msgid "Note that using :func:`get_origin` will return ``Annotated`` itself:" +msgstr "请注意使用 :func:`get_origin` 将返回 ``Annotated`` 本身：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1459 +msgid "" +">>> get_origin(Password)\n" +"typing.Annotated" +msgstr "" +">>> get_origin(Password)\n" +"typing.Annotated" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1466 +msgid ":pep:`593` - Flexible function and variable annotations" +msgstr ":pep:`593` - 灵活的函数与变量标注" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1467 +msgid "The PEP introducing ``Annotated`` to the standard library." +msgstr "该 PEP 将 ``Annotated`` 引入到标准库中。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1474 ../../library/typing.rst:1558 +msgid "" +"Special typing construct for marking user-defined type predicate functions." +msgstr "特殊类型注解构造，用于标记用户定义的谓词函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1476 +msgid "" +"``TypeIs`` can be used to annotate the return type of a user-defined type " +"predicate function. ``TypeIs`` only accepts a single type argument. At " +"runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean and take at least" +" one positional argument." +msgstr "" +"``TypeIs`` 能用来注解用户定义的谓词函数的返回值类型。``TypeIs`` " +"接受单个类型参数。如此标注的函数在运行时应当有至少一个位置参数，并且返回一个布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"``TypeIs`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static " +"type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a " +"program's code flow. Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing " +"conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code. The " +"conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a \"type " +"predicate\"::" +msgstr "" +"``TypeIs`` 旨在方便 *类型收窄* -- " +"一个被静态类型检查器使用，用来更精准地决定程序代码流中表达式类型的技巧。通常类型收窄通过分析有条件的代码流并对代码块执行类型收窄实现。此处的条件表达式有时也被称为“类型谓词”。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1487 +msgid "" +"def is_str(val: str | float):\n" +" # \"isinstance\" type predicate\n" +" if isinstance(val, str):\n" +" # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``\n" +" ...\n" +" else:\n" +" # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def is_str(val: str | float):\n" +" # \"isinstance\" 类型谓词\n" +" if isinstance(val, str):\n" +" # ``val`` 的类型缩小为 ``str``\n" +" ...\n" +" else:\n" +" # 否则， ``val`` 的类型缩小为 ``float``。\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1496 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function as a" +" type predicate. Such a function should use ``TypeIs[...]`` or " +":data:`TypeGuard` as its return type to alert static type checkers to this " +"intention. ``TypeIs`` usually has more intuitive behavior than " +"``TypeGuard``, but it cannot be used when the input and output types are " +"incompatible (e.g., ``list[object]`` to ``list[int]``) or when the function " +"does not return ``True`` for all instances of the narrowed type." +msgstr "" +"使用一个用户定义的布尔函数作为类型谓词有时很方便。这样的函数应当将 ``TypeIs[...]`` 或 :data:`TypeGuard` " +"作为它的返回类型，以向静态类型检查器传达这个意图。``TypeIs`` 的行为通常比 ``TypeGuard`` 更直观，但在函数的输入与输出类型不兼容" +" (例如从 ``list[object]`` 到 ``list[int]``) 或函数不会对所有收窄后类型的实例返回 ``True`` 时不能使用。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"Using ``-> TypeIs[NarrowedType]`` tells the static type checker that for a " +"given function:" +msgstr "使用 ``-> TypeIs[NarrowedType]`` 告诉静态类型检查器对于给定的函数：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1507 ../../library/typing.rst:1568 +msgid "The return value is a boolean." +msgstr "返回一个布尔值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1508 +msgid "" +"If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument is the " +"intersection of the argument's original type and ``NarrowedType``." +msgstr "如果返回值是 ``True``，那么其参数的类型收窄到参数本身类型与 ``NarrowedType`` 的并。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"If the return value is ``False``, the type of its argument is narrowed to " +"exclude ``NarrowedType``." +msgstr "如果返回值是 ``False``，那么其参数的类型收窄到排除 ``NarrowedType``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1515 +msgid "" +"from typing import assert_type, final, TypeIs\n" +"\n" +"class Parent: pass\n" +"class Child(Parent): pass\n" +"@final\n" +"class Unrelated: pass\n" +"\n" +"def is_parent(val: object) -> TypeIs[Parent]:\n" +" return isinstance(val, Parent)\n" +"\n" +"def run(arg: Child | Unrelated):\n" +" if is_parent(arg):\n" +" # Type of ``arg`` is narrowed to the intersection\n" +" # of ``Parent`` and ``Child``, which is equivalent to\n" +" # ``Child``.\n" +" assert_type(arg, Child)\n" +" else:\n" +" # Type of ``arg`` is narrowed to exclude ``Parent``,\n" +" # so only ``Unrelated`` is left.\n" +" assert_type(arg, Unrelated)" +msgstr "" +"from typing import assert_type, final, TypeIs\n" +"\n" +"class Parent: pass\n" +"class Child(Parent): pass\n" +"@final\n" +"class Unrelated: pass\n" +"\n" +"def is_parent(val: object) -> TypeIs[Parent]:\n" +" return isinstance(val, Parent)\n" +"\n" +"def run(arg: Child | Unrelated):\n" +" if is_parent(arg):\n" +" # ``arg`` 的类型缩小为 ``Parent`` 和 ```Child`` 的交集， \n" +" # 相当于 ``Child``.\n" +" assert_type(arg, Child)\n" +" else:\n" +" # ``arg`` 的类型缩小为 ``Parent`` 除外，所以仅剩 ``Unrelated``。\n" +" assert_type(arg, Unrelated)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"The type inside ``TypeIs`` must be consistent with the type of the " +"function's argument; if it is not, static type checkers will raise an error." +" An incorrectly written ``TypeIs`` function can lead to unsound behavior in" +" the type system; it is the user's responsibility to write such functions in" +" a type-safe manner." +msgstr "" +"``TypeIs`` 内的类型必须与函数参数类型契合，否则静态类型检查器会引发错误。编写不正确的 ``TypeIs`` " +"可能导致类型系统中出现不健全行为，以类型安全的方式编写这些函数是用户的责任。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"If a ``TypeIs`` function is a class or instance method, then the type in " +"``TypeIs`` maps to the type of the second parameter (after ``cls`` or " +"``self``)." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``TypeIs`` 函数是一个类或实例方法，那么 ``TypeIs`` 中的类型将映射到（在 ``cls`` 或 ``self`` " +"之后）第二个形参的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"In short, the form ``def foo(arg: TypeA) -> TypeIs[TypeB]: ...``, means that" +" if ``foo(arg)`` returns ``True``, then ``arg`` is an instance of ``TypeB``," +" and if it returns ``False``, it is not an instance of ``TypeB``." +msgstr "" +"简单来说，``def foo(arg: TypeA) -> TypeIs[TypeB]: ...`` 意味着如果 ``foo(arg)`` 返回 " +"``True``，那么 ``arg`` 就是 ``TypeB`` 的实例，如果返回 ``False``，它就不是 ``TypeB``.的实例。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1550 +msgid "" +"``TypeIs`` also works with type variables. For more information, see " +":pep:`742` (Narrowing types with ``TypeIs``)." +msgstr "``TypeIs`` 同样可作用于类型变量，详见 :pep:`742` (使用 ``TypeIs`` 收窄类型) 。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"Type predicate functions are user-defined functions that return whether " +"their argument is an instance of a particular type. ``TypeGuard`` works " +"similarly to :data:`TypeIs`, but has subtly different effects on type " +"checking behavior (see below)." +msgstr "" +"类型谓词函数是由用户定义的函数，它的返回值指示参数是否为某个特定类型的实例。``TypeGuard`` 和 :data:`TypeIs` " +"用法相近，但是对类型检查行为有不同的影响（如下）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1565 +msgid "" +"Using ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given " +"function:" +msgstr "``-> TypeGuard`` 告诉静态类型检查器，某函数：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument is the type inside" +" ``TypeGuard``." +msgstr "如果返回值是 ``True``，那么其参数的类型是 ``TypeGuard`` 内的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1572 +msgid "" +"``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables. See :pep:`647` for more " +"details." +msgstr "``TypeGuard`` 也适用于类型变量。 详情参见 :pep:`647`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1576 +msgid "" +"def is_str_list(val: list[object]) -> TypeGuard[list[str]]:\n" +" '''Determines whether all objects in the list are strings'''\n" +" return all(isinstance(x, str) for x in val)\n" +"\n" +"def func1(val: list[object]):\n" +" if is_str_list(val):\n" +" # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``list[str]``.\n" +" print(\" \".join(val))\n" +" else:\n" +" # Type of ``val`` remains as ``list[object]``.\n" +" print(\"Not a list of strings!\")" +msgstr "" +"def is_str_list(val: list[object]) -> TypeGuard[list[str]]:\n" +" '''Determines whether all objects in the list are strings'''\n" +" return all(isinstance(x, str) for x in val)\n" +"\n" +"def func1(val: list[object]):\n" +" if is_str_list(val):\n" +" # ``val`` 的类型缩小为 ``list[str]``.\n" +" print(\" \".join(val))\n" +" else:\n" +" # ``val`` 的类型仍为 ``list[object]``.\n" +" print(\"Not a list of strings!\")" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1588 +msgid "``TypeIs`` and ``TypeGuard`` differ in the following ways:" +msgstr "``TypeIs`` 和 ``TypeGuard`` 有以下不同：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1590 +msgid "" +"``TypeIs`` requires the narrowed type to be a subtype of the input type, " +"while ``TypeGuard`` does not. The main reason is to allow for things like " +"narrowing ``list[object]`` to ``list[str]`` even though the latter is not a " +"subtype of the former, since ``list`` is invariant." +msgstr "" +"``TypeIs`` 要求收窄的类型是输入类型的子类型，但 ``TypeGuard`` 不要求。这主要是为了允许将 ``list[object]`` " +"缩小为 ``list[str]``，即使后者不是前者的子类型，因为 ``list`` 是不变的。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1594 +msgid "" +"When a ``TypeGuard`` function returns ``True``, type checkers narrow the " +"type of the variable to exactly the ``TypeGuard`` type. When a ``TypeIs`` " +"function returns ``True``, type checkers can infer a more precise type " +"combining the previously known type of the variable with the ``TypeIs`` " +"type. (Technically, this is known as an intersection type.)" +msgstr "" +"当 ``TypeGuard`` 函数返回 ``True`` 时，类型检查器会将变量的类型精确地收窄到 ``TypeGuard`` 类型。当 " +"``TypeIs`` 函数返回 ``True`` 时，类型检查程序可以结合先前已知的变量类型和 ``TypeIs`` " +"类型推断出更精确的类型。（从技术上讲，这叫做交类型。）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"When a ``TypeGuard`` function returns ``False``, type checkers cannot narrow" +" the type of the variable at all. When a ``TypeIs`` function returns " +"``False``, type checkers can narrow the type of the variable to exclude the " +"``TypeIs`` type." +msgstr "" +"当 ``TypeGuard`` 函数返回 ``False`` 时，类型检查器不会收窄变量的类型范围。当 ``TypeIs`` 函数返回 " +"``False`` 时，类型检查器可以收窄变量的类型范围至排除 ``TypeIs`` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1607 +msgid "" +"Typing operator to conceptually mark an object as having been unpacked." +msgstr "在概念上将对象标记为已解包的类型运算符。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1609 +msgid "" +"For example, using the unpack operator ``*`` on a :ref:`type variable tuple " +"` is equivalent to using ``Unpack`` to mark the type variable " +"tuple as having been unpacked::" +msgstr "" +"例如，在一个 :ref:`类型变量元组 ` 上使用解包运算符 ``*`` 就等价于使用 ``Unpack`` " +"来将该类型变量元组标记为已被解包::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1613 +msgid "" +"Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')\n" +"tup: tuple[*Ts]\n" +"# Effectively does:\n" +"tup: tuple[Unpack[Ts]]" +msgstr "" +"Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')\n" +"tup: tuple[*Ts]\n" +"# 实际所做的：\n" +"tup: tuple[Unpack[Ts]]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1618 +msgid "" +"In fact, ``Unpack`` can be used interchangeably with ``*`` in the context of" +" :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple ` and :class:`builtins.tuple " +"` types. You might see ``Unpack`` being used explicitly in older " +"versions of Python, where ``*`` couldn't be used in certain places::" +msgstr "" +"实际上，``Unpack`` 在 :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple ` 和 " +":class:`builtins.tuple ` 类型的上下文中可以和 ``*`` 互换使用。 你可能会看到 ``Unpack`` " +"在较旧版本的 Python 中被显式地使用，这时 ``*`` 在特定场合则是无法使用的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1624 +msgid "" +"# In older versions of Python, TypeVarTuple and Unpack\n" +"# are located in the `typing_extensions` backports package.\n" +"from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack\n" +"\n" +"Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')\n" +"tup: tuple[*Ts] # Syntax error on Python <= 3.10!\n" +"tup: tuple[Unpack[Ts]] # Semantically equivalent, and backwards-compatible" +msgstr "" +"# 在旧版本的 Python 中，TypeVarTuple 和 Unpack 位于\n" +"# `typing_extensions` 反向移植包中。\n" +"from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack\n" +"\n" +"Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')\n" +"tup: tuple[*Ts] # Python <= 3.10 时的语法错误！\n" +"tup: tuple[Unpack[Ts]] # 语义等效且向后兼容" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1632 +msgid "" +"``Unpack`` can also be used along with :class:`typing.TypedDict` for typing " +"``**kwargs`` in a function signature::" +msgstr "" +"``Unpack`` 也可以与 :class:`typing.TypedDict` 一起使用以便在函数签名中对 ``**kwargs`` " +"进行类型标注::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1635 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypedDict, Unpack\n" +"\n" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" name: str\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"# This function expects two keyword arguments - `name` of type `str`\n" +"# and `year` of type `int`.\n" +"def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypedDict, Unpack\n" +"\n" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" name: str\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"# 此函数需要两个关键字参数 - \n" +"# 类型为 `str` 的 `name` 和类型为 `int` 的 `year`。\n" +"def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1645 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`692` for more details on using ``Unpack`` for ``**kwargs`` typing." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`692` 了解将 ``Unpack`` 用于 ``**kwargs`` 类型标注的更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1650 +msgid "Building generic types and type aliases" +msgstr "构造泛型类型与类型别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1652 +msgid "" +"The following classes should not be used directly as annotations. Their " +"intended purpose is to be building blocks for creating generic types and " +"type aliases." +msgstr "下列类不应被直接用作标注。 它们的设计目标是作为创建泛型类型和类型别名的构件。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1656 +msgid "" +"These objects can be created through special syntax (:ref:`type parameter " +"lists ` and the :keyword:`type` statement). For compatibility " +"with Python 3.11 and earlier, they can also be created without the dedicated" +" syntax, as documented below." +msgstr "" +"这些对象可通过特殊语法 (:ref:`类型形参列表 ` 和 :keyword:`type` 语句) 来创建。 为了与 " +"Python 3.11 及更早版本的兼容性，它们也可不用专门的语法来创建，如下文所述。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1663 +msgid "Abstract base class for generic types." +msgstr "用于泛型类型的抽象基类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"A generic type is typically declared by adding a list of type parameters " +"after the class name::" +msgstr "泛型类型通常是通过在类名后添加一个类型形参列表来声明的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1668 +msgid "" +"class Mapping[KT, VT]:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, key: KT) -> VT:\n" +" ...\n" +" # Etc." +msgstr "" +"class Mapping[KT, VT]:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, key: KT) -> VT:\n" +" ...\n" +" # 其他" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1673 +msgid "" +"Such a class implicitly inherits from ``Generic``. The runtime semantics of " +"this syntax are discussed in the :ref:`Language Reference `." +msgstr "" +"这样的类将隐式地继承自 ``Generic``。 对于该语法的运行语义的讨论参见 :ref:`语言参考 `。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1677 +msgid "This class can then be used as follows::" +msgstr "该类的用法如下：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1679 +msgid "" +"def lookup_name[X, Y](mapping: Mapping[X, Y], key: X, default: Y) -> Y:\n" +" try:\n" +" return mapping[key]\n" +" except KeyError:\n" +" return default" +msgstr "" +"def lookup_name[X, Y](mapping: Mapping[X, Y], key: X, default: Y) -> Y:\n" +" try:\n" +" return mapping[key]\n" +" except KeyError:\n" +" return default" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"Here the brackets after the function name indicate a :ref:`generic function " +"`." +msgstr "此处函数名之后的圆括号是表示 :ref:`泛型函数 `。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1688 +msgid "" +"For backwards compatibility, generic classes can also be declared by " +"explicitly inheriting from ``Generic``. In this case, the type parameters " +"must be declared separately::" +msgstr "为了保持向下兼容性，泛型类也可通过显式地继承自 ``Generic`` 来声明。 在此情况下，类型形参必须单独声明::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1693 +msgid "" +"KT = TypeVar('KT')\n" +"VT = TypeVar('VT')\n" +"\n" +"class Mapping(Generic[KT, VT]):\n" +" def __getitem__(self, key: KT) -> VT:\n" +" ...\n" +" # Etc." +msgstr "" +"KT = TypeVar('KT')\n" +"VT = TypeVar('VT')\n" +"\n" +"class Mapping(Generic[KT, VT]):\n" +" def __getitem__(self, key: KT) -> VT:\n" +" ...\n" +" # 其他" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1705 +msgid "Type variable." +msgstr "类型变量。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1707 +msgid "" +"The preferred way to construct a type variable is via the dedicated syntax " +"for :ref:`generic functions `, :ref:`generic classes " +"`, and :ref:`generic type aliases `::" +msgstr "" +"构造类型变量的推荐方式是使用针对 :ref:`泛型函数 `, :ref:`泛型类 ` 和 :ref:`泛型类型别名 ` 的专门语法::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1712 +msgid "" +"class Sequence[T]: # T is a TypeVar\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class Sequence[T]: # T 是一个 TypeVar\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1715 +msgid "" +"This syntax can also be used to create bounded and constrained type " +"variables::" +msgstr "此语法也可被用于创建绑定和约束类型变量::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1718 +msgid "" +"class StrSequence[S: str]: # S is a TypeVar with a `str` upper bound;\n" +" ... # we can say that S is \"bounded by `str`\"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class StrOrBytesSequence[A: (str, bytes)]: # A is a TypeVar constrained to str or bytes\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class StrSequence[S: str]: # S 是具有 `str` 上方绑定的 TypeVar；\n" +" ... # 我们可以说 S 是 \"被 `str` 绑定\"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class StrOrBytesSequence[A: (str, bytes)]: # A 是约束为 str 或 bytes 的 TypeVar\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"However, if desired, reusable type variables can also be constructed " +"manually, like so::" +msgstr "不过，如有需要，也可通过手动方式来构造可重用的类型变量，就像这样::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1727 +msgid "" +"T = TypeVar('T') # Can be anything\n" +"S = TypeVar('S', bound=str) # Can be any subtype of str\n" +"A = TypeVar('A', str, bytes) # Must be exactly str or bytes" +msgstr "" +"T = TypeVar('T') # 可以是任意类型\n" +"S = TypeVar('S', bound=str) # 可以是任意 str 的子类型\n" +"A = TypeVar('A', str, bytes) # 必须是 str 或 bytes" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1731 +msgid "" +"Type variables exist primarily for the benefit of static type checkers. " +"They serve as the parameters for generic types as well as for generic " +"function and type alias definitions. See :class:`Generic` for more " +"information on generic types. Generic functions work as follows::" +msgstr "" +"类型变量的主要用处是为静态类型检查器提供支持。 它们可作为泛型类型以及泛型函数和类型别名定义的形参。 请参阅 :class:`Generic` " +"了解有关泛型类型的更多信息。 泛型函数的作用方式如下::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1737 +msgid "" +"def repeat[T](x: T, n: int) -> Sequence[T]:\n" +" \"\"\"Return a list containing n references to x.\"\"\"\n" +" return [x]*n\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def print_capitalized[S: str](x: S) -> S:\n" +" \"\"\"Print x capitalized, and return x.\"\"\"\n" +" print(x.capitalize())\n" +" return x\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def concatenate[A: (str, bytes)](x: A, y: A) -> A:\n" +" \"\"\"Add two strings or bytes objects together.\"\"\"\n" +" return x + y" +msgstr "" +"def repeat[T](x: T, n: int) -> Sequence[T]:\n" +" \"\"\"Return a list containing n references to x.\"\"\"\n" +" return [x]*n\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def print_capitalized[S: str](x: S) -> S:\n" +" \"\"\"Print x capitalized, and return x.\"\"\"\n" +" print(x.capitalize())\n" +" return x\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def concatenate[A: (str, bytes)](x: A, y: A) -> A:\n" +" \"\"\"Add two strings or bytes objects together.\"\"\"\n" +" return x + y" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1752 +msgid "" +"Note that type variables can be *bounded*, *constrained*, or neither, but " +"cannot be both bounded *and* constrained." +msgstr "请注意类型变量可以为 *已绑定*, *已约束*，或两者都不是，但不能同时为已绑定 *并且* 已约束。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"The variance of type variables is inferred by type checkers when they are " +"created through the :ref:`type parameter syntax ` or when " +"``infer_variance=True`` is passed. Manually created type variables may be " +"explicitly marked covariant or contravariant by passing ``covariant=True`` " +"or ``contravariant=True``. By default, manually created type variables are " +"invariant. See :pep:`484` and :pep:`695` for more details." +msgstr "" +"类型变量的种类是在其通过 :ref:`类型形参语法 ` 创建时或是在传入 ``infer_variance=True`` " +"时由类型检查器推断得到的。 手动创建的类型变量可通过传入 ``covariant=True`` 或 ``contravariant=True`` " +"被显式地标记为协变或逆变。 在默认情况下，手动创建的类型变量为不变。 请参阅 :pep:`484` 和 :pep:`695` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1763 +msgid "" +"Bounded type variables and constrained type variables have different " +"semantics in several important ways. Using a *bounded* type variable means " +"that the ``TypeVar`` will be solved using the most specific type possible::" +msgstr "" +"已绑定类型变量和已约束类型变量在一些重要的方面具有不同的语义。 使用 *已绑定* 类型变量意味着 ``TypeVar`` " +"将尽可能使用最专属的类型来解析::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1767 +msgid "" +"x = print_capitalized('a string')\n" +"reveal_type(x) # revealed type is str\n" +"\n" +"class StringSubclass(str):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"y = print_capitalized(StringSubclass('another string'))\n" +"reveal_type(y) # revealed type is StringSubclass\n" +"\n" +"z = print_capitalized(45) # error: int is not a subtype of str" +msgstr "" +"x = print_capitalized('a string')\n" +"reveal_type(x) # 显示的类型是 str\n" +"\n" +"class StringSubclass(str):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"y = print_capitalized(StringSubclass('another string'))\n" +"reveal_type(y) # 显示的类型是 StringSubclass\n" +"\n" +"z = print_capitalized(45) # 错误：int 不是 str 的子类型" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1778 +msgid "" +"The upper bound of a type variable can be a concrete type, abstract type " +"(ABC or Protocol), or even a union of types::" +msgstr "类型变量的上层绑定可以是一个具体类型、抽象类型（ABC 或 Protocol），甚至是多个类型的联合::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1781 +msgid "" +"# Can be anything with an __abs__ method\n" +"def print_abs[T: SupportsAbs](arg: T) -> None:\n" +" print(\"Absolute value:\", abs(arg))\n" +"\n" +"U = TypeVar('U', bound=str|bytes) # Can be any subtype of the union str|bytes\n" +"V = TypeVar('V', bound=SupportsAbs) # Can be anything with an __abs__ method" +msgstr "" +"# 可以是任何具有 __abs__ 方法的内容\n" +"def print_abs[T: SupportsAbs](arg: T) -> None:\n" +" print(\"Absolute value:\", abs(arg))\n" +"\n" +"U = TypeVar('U', bound=str|bytes) # 可以是联合 str|bytes 的任何子类型\n" +"V = TypeVar('V', bound=SupportsAbs) # 可以是任何具有 __abs__ 方法的内容" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"Using a *constrained* type variable, however, means that the ``TypeVar`` can" +" only ever be solved as being exactly one of the constraints given::" +msgstr "但是，如果使用 *约束* 类型变量，则意味着 ``TypeVar`` 只能被解析为恰好是给定的约束之一::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1793 +msgid "" +"a = concatenate('one', 'two')\n" +"reveal_type(a) # revealed type is str\n" +"\n" +"b = concatenate(StringSubclass('one'), StringSubclass('two'))\n" +"reveal_type(b) # revealed type is str, despite StringSubclass being passed in\n" +"\n" +"c = concatenate('one', b'two') # error: type variable 'A' can be either str or bytes in a function call, but not both" +msgstr "" +"a = concatenate('one', 'two')\n" +"reveal_type(a) # 揭示的类型为 str\n" +"\n" +"b = concatenate(StringSubclass('one'), StringSubclass('two'))\n" +"reveal_type(b) # 揭示的类型为 str，虽然传入的是 StringSubclass\n" +"\n" +"c = concatenate('one', b'two') # 错误：在一个函数调用中类型变量 'A' 可以为 str 或 bytes，但不可同时使用" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1801 +msgid "At runtime, ``isinstance(x, T)`` will raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "在运行时，``isinstance(x, T)`` 将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1805 +msgid "The name of the type variable." +msgstr "类型变量的名称。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1809 +msgid "Whether the type var has been explicitly marked as covariant." +msgstr "类型变量是否已被显式地标记为 covariant。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1813 +msgid "Whether the type var has been explicitly marked as contravariant." +msgstr "类型变量是否已被显式地标记为 contravariant。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1817 +msgid "" +"Whether the type variable's variance should be inferred by type checkers." +msgstr "类型变量的种类是否应由类型检查器来推断。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1823 +msgid "The upper bound of the type variable, if any." +msgstr "类型变量的上层绑定，如果有的话。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1827 +msgid "" +"For type variables created through :ref:`type parameter syntax `, the bound is evaluated only when the attribute is accessed, not " +"when the type variable is created (see :ref:`lazy-evaluation`)." +msgstr "" +"对于通过 :ref:`类型形参语法 ` 创建的类型变量，只有在属性被访问的时候才会对绑定求值，而不是在类型变量被创建的时候 " +"(参见 :ref:`lazy-evaluation`)。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1833 +msgid "A tuple containing the constraints of the type variable, if any." +msgstr "" +"一个包含对类型变量的约束的元组，如果有的话。A tuple containing the constraints of the type " +"variable, if any." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1837 +msgid "" +"For type variables created through :ref:`type parameter syntax `, the constraints are evaluated only when the attribute is accessed," +" not when the type variable is created (see :ref:`lazy-evaluation`)." +msgstr "" +"对于通过 :ref:`类型形参语法 ` 创建的类型变量，只有在属性被访问的时候才会对约束求值，而不是在类型变量被创建的时候 " +"(参见 :ref:`lazy-evaluation`)。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1843 +msgid "" +"The default value of the type variable, or :data:`typing.NoDefault` if it " +"has no default." +msgstr "类型变量的默认值，如果没有默认值，则为 :data:`typing.NoDefault`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1850 +msgid "" +"Return whether or not the type variable has a default value. This is " +"equivalent to checking whether :attr:`__default__` is not the " +":data:`typing.NoDefault` singleton, except that it does not force evaluation" +" of the :ref:`lazily evaluated ` default value." +msgstr "" +"返回类型变量是否有默认值。它等价于检查 :attr:`__default__` 是否为 :data:`typing.NoDefault` " +"单例，但它不要求对 :ref:`惰性求值 ` 的默认值求值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1859 +msgid "" +"Type variables can now be declared using the :ref:`type parameter ` syntax introduced by :pep:`695`. The ``infer_variance`` parameter " +"was added." +msgstr "" +"类型变量现在可以通过使用 :pep:`695` 引入的 :ref:`类型形参 ` 语法来声明。 增加了 " +"``infer_variance`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1865 ../../library/typing.rst:2004 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2106 +msgid "Support for default values was added." +msgstr "增加了对默认值的支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1871 +msgid "" +"Type variable tuple. A specialized form of :ref:`type variable ` " +"that enables *variadic* generics." +msgstr "类型变量元组。 一种启用了 *variadic* 泛型的专属 :ref:`类型变量 ` 形式。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1874 +msgid "" +"Type variable tuples can be declared in :ref:`type parameter lists ` using a single asterisk (``*``) before the name::" +msgstr "类型变量元组可以通过在 :ref:`类型形参列表 ` 中使用名称前的单个星号 (``*``) 来声明::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1877 +msgid "" +"def move_first_element_to_last[T, *Ts](tup: tuple[T, *Ts]) -> tuple[*Ts, T]:\n" +" return (*tup[1:], tup[0])" +msgstr "" +"def move_first_element_to_last[T, *Ts](tup: tuple[T, *Ts]) -> tuple[*Ts, T]:\n" +" return (*tup[1:], tup[0])" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1880 +msgid "Or by explicitly invoking the ``TypeVarTuple`` constructor::" +msgstr "或者通过显式地唤起 ``TypeVarTuple`` 构造器::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1882 +msgid "" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"Ts = TypeVarTuple(\"Ts\")\n" +"\n" +"def move_first_element_to_last(tup: tuple[T, *Ts]) -> tuple[*Ts, T]:\n" +" return (*tup[1:], tup[0])" +msgstr "" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"Ts = TypeVarTuple(\"Ts\")\n" +"\n" +"def move_first_element_to_last(tup: tuple[T, *Ts]) -> tuple[*Ts, T]:\n" +" return (*tup[1:], tup[0])" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1888 +msgid "" +"A normal type variable enables parameterization with a single type. A type " +"variable tuple, in contrast, allows parameterization with an *arbitrary* " +"number of types by acting like an *arbitrary* number of type variables " +"wrapped in a tuple. For example::" +msgstr "" +"一个普通类型变量将启用单个类型的形参化。 作为对比，一个类型变量元组通过将 *任意* 数量的类型变量封包在一个元组中来允许 *任意* 数量类型的形参化。" +" 例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"# T is bound to int, Ts is bound to ()\n" +"# Return value is (1,), which has type tuple[int]\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=(1,))\n" +"\n" +"# T is bound to int, Ts is bound to (str,)\n" +"# Return value is ('spam', 1), which has type tuple[str, int]\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=(1, 'spam'))\n" +"\n" +"# T is bound to int, Ts is bound to (str, float)\n" +"# Return value is ('spam', 3.0, 1), which has type tuple[str, float, int]\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=(1, 'spam', 3.0))\n" +"\n" +"# This fails to type check (and fails at runtime)\n" +"# because tuple[()] is not compatible with tuple[T, *Ts]\n" +"# (at least one element is required)\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=())" +msgstr "" +"# T 绑定到 int，Ts 绑定到 ()\n" +"# 返回值为 (1,)，其类型为 tuple[int]\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=(1,))\n" +"\n" +"# T 绑定到 int，Ts 绑定到 (str,)\n" +"# 返回值为 ('spam', 1)，其类型为 tuple[str, int]\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=(1, 'spam'))\n" +"\n" +"# T 绑定到 int，Ts 绑定到 (str, float)\n" +"# 返回值为 ('spam', 3.0, 1)，其类型为 tuple[str, float, int]\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=(1, 'spam', 3.0))\n" +"\n" +"# 这不能通过类型检查（并会在运行时执行失败）\n" +"# 因为 tuple[()] 与 tuple[T, *Ts] 不兼容\n" +"# （至少需要有一个元素）\n" +"move_first_element_to_last(tup=())" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1910 +msgid "" +"Note the use of the unpacking operator ``*`` in ``tuple[T, *Ts]``. " +"Conceptually, you can think of ``Ts`` as a tuple of type variables ``(T1, " +"T2, ...)``. ``tuple[T, *Ts]`` would then become ``tuple[T, *(T1, T2, " +"...)]``, which is equivalent to ``tuple[T, T1, T2, ...]``. (Note that in " +"older versions of Python, you might see this written using :data:`Unpack " +"` instead, as ``Unpack[Ts]``.)" +msgstr "" +"请注意解包运算符 ``*`` 在 ``tuple[T, *Ts]`` 中的使用。 在概念上，你可以将 ``Ts`` 当作一个由类型变量组成的元组 " +"``(T1, T2, ...)``。 那么 ``tuple[T, *Ts]`` 就将变为 ``tuple[T, *(T1, T2, " +"...)]``，这等价于 ``tuple[T, T1, T2, ...]``。 （请注意在旧版本 Python 中，你可能会看到改用 " +":data:`Unpack ` 的写法，如 ``Unpack[Ts]``。）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1918 +msgid "" +"Type variable tuples must *always* be unpacked. This helps distinguish type " +"variable tuples from normal type variables::" +msgstr "类型变量元组 *总是* 要被解包。 这有助于区分类型变量元组和普通类型变量::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1921 +msgid "" +"x: Ts # Not valid\n" +"x: tuple[Ts] # Not valid\n" +"x: tuple[*Ts] # The correct way to do it" +msgstr "" +"x: Ts # 不可用\n" +"x: tuple[Ts] # 不可用\n" +"x: tuple[*Ts] # 正确的做法" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1925 +msgid "" +"Type variable tuples can be used in the same contexts as normal type " +"variables. For example, in class definitions, arguments, and return types::" +msgstr "类型变量元组可被用在与普通类型变量相同的上下文中。 例如，在类定义、参数和返回类型中::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1928 +msgid "" +"class Array[*Shape]:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, key: tuple[*Shape]) -> float: ...\n" +" def __abs__(self) -> \"Array[*Shape]\": ...\n" +" def get_shape(self) -> tuple[*Shape]: ..." +msgstr "" +"class Array[*Shape]:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, key: tuple[*Shape]) -> float: ...\n" +" def __abs__(self) -> \"Array[*Shape]\": ...\n" +" def get_shape(self) -> tuple[*Shape]: ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1933 +msgid "" +"Type variable tuples can be happily combined with normal type variables:" +msgstr "类型变量元组可以很好地与普通类型变量结合在一起：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1935 +msgid "" +"class Array[DType, *Shape]: # This is fine\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class Array2[*Shape, DType]: # This would also be fine\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class Height: ...\n" +"class Width: ...\n" +"\n" +"float_array_1d: Array[float, Height] = Array() # Totally fine\n" +"int_array_2d: Array[int, Height, Width] = Array() # Yup, fine too" +msgstr "" +"class Array[DType, *Shape]: # 这样可以\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class Array2[*Shape, DType]: # 这样也可以\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class Height: ...\n" +"class Width: ...\n" +"\n" +"float_array_1d: Array[float, Height] = Array() # 完全可以\n" +"int_array_2d: Array[int, Height, Width] = Array() # 是的，同样可以" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1949 +msgid "" +"However, note that at most one type variable tuple may appear in a single " +"list of type arguments or type parameters::" +msgstr "但是，请注意在一个类型参数或类型形参列表中最多只能有一个类型变量元组::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1952 +msgid "" +"x: tuple[*Ts, *Ts] # Not valid\n" +"class Array[*Shape, *Shape]: # Not valid\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"x: tuple[*Ts, *Ts] # 不可用\n" +"class Array[*Shape, *Shape]: # 不可用\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1956 +msgid "" +"Finally, an unpacked type variable tuple can be used as the type annotation " +"of ``*args``::" +msgstr "最后，一个已解包的类型变量元组可以被用作 ``*args`` 的类型标注::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1959 +msgid "" +"def call_soon[*Ts](\n" +" callback: Callable[[*Ts], None],\n" +" *args: *Ts\n" +") -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +" callback(*args)" +msgstr "" +"def call_soon[*Ts](\n" +" callback: Callable[[*Ts], None],\n" +" *args: *Ts\n" +") -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +" callback(*args)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1966 +msgid "" +"In contrast to non-unpacked annotations of ``*args`` - e.g. ``*args: int``, " +"which would specify that *all* arguments are ``int`` - ``*args: *Ts`` " +"enables reference to the types of the *individual* arguments in ``*args``. " +"Here, this allows us to ensure the types of the ``*args`` passed to " +"``call_soon`` match the types of the (positional) arguments of ``callback``." +msgstr "" +"相比非解包的 ``*args`` 标注 —— 例如 ``*args: int``，它将指明 *所有* 参数均为 ``int`` —— ``*args: " +"*Ts`` 启用了对 ``*args`` 中 *单个* 参数的类型的引用。 在此，这允许我们确保传入 ``call_soon`` 的 ``*args``" +" 的类型与 ``callback`` 的（位置）参数的类型相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1973 +msgid "See :pep:`646` for more details on type variable tuples." +msgstr "关于类型变量元组的更多细节，请参见 :pep:`646`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1977 +msgid "The name of the type variable tuple." +msgstr "类型变量元组的名称。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1981 +msgid "" +"The default value of the type variable tuple, or :data:`typing.NoDefault` if" +" it has no default." +msgstr "类型变量元组的默认值，如果没有默认值，则为 :data:`typing.NoDefault`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1988 +msgid "" +"Return whether or not the type variable tuple has a default value. This is " +"equivalent to checking whether :attr:`__default__` is not the " +":data:`typing.NoDefault` singleton, except that it does not force evaluation" +" of the :ref:`lazily evaluated ` default value." +msgstr "" +"返回类型变量元组是否有默认值。它等价于检查 :attr:`__default__` 是否为 :data:`typing.NoDefault` " +"单例，但它不要求对 :ref:`惰性求值 ` 的默认值求值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:1999 +msgid "" +"Type variable tuples can now be declared using the :ref:`type parameter " +"` syntax introduced by :pep:`695`." +msgstr "类型变量元组现在可以使用 :pep:`695` 所引入的 :ref:`类型形参 ` 语法来声明。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"Parameter specification variable. A specialized version of :ref:`type " +"variables `." +msgstr "形参专属变量。 :ref:`类型变量 ` 的一个专用版本。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2011 +msgid "" +"In :ref:`type parameter lists `, parameter specifications can " +"be declared with two asterisks (``**``)::" +msgstr "In :ref:`类型形参列表 `，形参规格可以使用两个星号 (``**``) 来声明::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2014 +msgid "type IntFunc[**P] = Callable[P, int]" +msgstr "type IntFunc[**P] = Callable[P, int]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2016 +msgid "" +"For compatibility with Python 3.11 and earlier, ``ParamSpec`` objects can " +"also be created as follows::" +msgstr "为了保持与 Python 3.11 及更早版本的兼容性，``ParamSpec`` 对象也可以这样创建::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2019 +msgid "P = ParamSpec('P')" +msgstr "P = ParamSpec('P')" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2021 +msgid "" +"Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static " +"type checkers. They are used to forward the parameter types of one callable" +" to another callable -- a pattern commonly found in higher order functions " +"and decorators. They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``, or as the" +" first argument to ``Callable``, or as parameters for user-defined Generics." +" See :class:`Generic` for more information on generic types." +msgstr "" +"参数规范变量的存在主要是为了使静态类型检查器受益。 " +"它们被用来将一个可调用对象的参数类型转发给另一个可调用对象的参数类型——这种模式通常出现在高阶函数和装饰器中。 它们只有在 " +"``Concatenate`` 中使用时才有效，或者作为 ``Callable`` 的第一个参数，或者作为用户定义的泛型的参数。 参见 " +":class:`Generic` 以了解更多关于泛型的信息。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2028 +msgid "" +"For example, to add basic logging to a function, one can create a decorator " +"``add_logging`` to log function calls. The parameter specification variable" +" tells the type checker that the callable passed into the decorator and the " +"new callable returned by it have inter-dependent type parameters::" +msgstr "" +"例如，为了给一个函数添加基本的日志记录，我们可以创建一个装饰器 ``add_logging`` 来记录函数调用。 " +"参数规范变量告诉类型检查器，传入装饰器的可调用对象和由其返回的新可调用对象有相互依赖的类型参数::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2033 +msgid "" +"from collections.abc import Callable\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"def add_logging[T, **P](f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:\n" +" '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''\n" +" def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:\n" +" logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')\n" +" return f(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" return inner\n" +"\n" +"@add_logging\n" +"def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:\n" +" '''Add two numbers together.'''\n" +" return x + y" +msgstr "" +"from collections.abc import Callable\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"def add_logging[T, **P](f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:\n" +" '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''\n" +" def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:\n" +" logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')\n" +" return f(*args, **kwargs)\n" +" return inner\n" +"\n" +"@add_logging\n" +"def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:\n" +" '''Add two numbers together.'''\n" +" return x + y" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2048 +msgid "" +"Without ``ParamSpec``, the simplest way to annotate this previously was to " +"use a :class:`TypeVar` with upper bound ``Callable[..., Any]``. However " +"this causes two problems:" +msgstr "" +"如果没有 ``ParamSpec``，之前标注这个的最简单方式是使用一个 :class:`TypeVar` 并附带上层绑定 " +"``Callable[..., Any]``。 不过这会导致两个问题：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2052 +msgid "" +"The type checker can't type check the ``inner`` function because ``*args`` " +"and ``**kwargs`` have to be typed :data:`Any`." +msgstr "" +"类型检查器不能对 ``inner`` 函数进行类型检查，因为 ``*args`` 和 ``**kwargs`` 的类型必须是 :data:`Any`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2054 +msgid "" +":func:`~cast` may be required in the body of the ``add_logging`` decorator " +"when returning the ``inner`` function, or the static type checker must be " +"told to ignore the ``return inner``." +msgstr "" +":func:`~cast` 在返回 ``inner`` 函数时，可能需要在 ``add_logging`` " +"装饰器的主体中进行，或者必须告诉静态类型检查器忽略 ``return inner``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2061 +msgid "" +"Since ``ParamSpec`` captures both positional and keyword parameters, " +"``P.args`` and ``P.kwargs`` can be used to split a ``ParamSpec`` into its " +"components. ``P.args`` represents the tuple of positional parameters in a " +"given call and should only be used to annotate ``*args``. ``P.kwargs`` " +"represents the mapping of keyword parameters to their values in a given " +"call, and should be only be used to annotate ``**kwargs``. Both attributes " +"require the annotated parameter to be in scope. At runtime, ``P.args`` and " +"``P.kwargs`` are instances respectively of :class:`ParamSpecArgs` and " +":class:`ParamSpecKwargs`." +msgstr "" +"由于 ``ParamSpec`` 同时捕获了位置参数和关键字参数，``P.args`` 和 ``P.kwargs`` 可以用来将 " +"``ParamSpec`` 分割成其组成部分。 ``P.args`` 代表给定调用中的位置参数的元组，只能用于注释 ``*args``。 " +"``P.kwargs`` 代表给定调用中的关键字参数到其值的映射，只能用于注释 ``**kwargs``。在运行时，``P.args`` 和 " +"``P.kwargs`` 分别是 :class:`ParamSpecArgs` 和 :class:`ParamSpecKwargs` 的实例。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2073 +msgid "The name of the parameter specification." +msgstr "形参规格的名称。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2077 +msgid "" +"The default value of the parameter specification, or " +":data:`typing.NoDefault` if it has no default." +msgstr "形参规格的默认值，如果没有默认值，则为 :data:`typing.NoDefault`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2084 +msgid "" +"Return whether or not the parameter specification has a default value. This " +"is equivalent to checking whether :attr:`__default__` is not the " +":data:`typing.NoDefault` singleton, except that it does not force evaluation" +" of the :ref:`lazily evaluated ` default value." +msgstr "" +"返回形参规格是否有默认值。它等价于检查 :attr:`__default__` 是否为 :data:`typing.NoDefault` " +"单例，但它不要求对 :ref:`惰性求值 ` 的默认值求值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"Parameter specification variables created with ``covariant=True`` or " +"``contravariant=True`` can be used to declare covariant or contravariant " +"generic types. The ``bound`` argument is also accepted, similar to " +":class:`TypeVar`. However the actual semantics of these keywords are yet to" +" be decided." +msgstr "" +"用 ``covariant=True`` 或 ``contravariant=True`` 创建的参数规范变量可以用来声明协变或逆变泛型类型。 参数 " +"``bound`` 也被接受，类似于 :class:`TypeVar`。 然而这些关键字的实际语义还有待决定。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2101 +msgid "" +"Parameter specifications can now be declared using the :ref:`type parameter " +"` syntax introduced by :pep:`695`." +msgstr "形参说明现在可以使用 :pep:`695` 所引入的 :ref:`类型形参 ` 语法来声明。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"Only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can be " +"pickled." +msgstr "只有在全局范围内定义的参数规范变量可以被 pickle。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2115 +msgid ":data:`Concatenate`" +msgstr ":data:`Concatenate`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2121 +msgid "" +"Arguments and keyword arguments attributes of a :class:`ParamSpec`. The " +"``P.args`` attribute of a ``ParamSpec`` is an instance of ``ParamSpecArgs``," +" and ``P.kwargs`` is an instance of ``ParamSpecKwargs``. They are intended " +"for runtime introspection and have no special meaning to static type " +"checkers." +msgstr "" +":class:`ParamSpec`的参数和关键字参数属性。``ParamSpec`` 的 ``P.args`` 属性是 " +"``ParamSpecArgs`` 的一个实例，``P.kwargs`` 是 ``ParamSpecKwargs`` 的一个实例。 " +"它们的目的是用于运行时内部检查的，对静态类型检查器没有特殊意义。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2126 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`get_origin` on either of these objects will return the " +"original ``ParamSpec``:" +msgstr "在这些对象中的任何一个上调用 :func:`get_origin` 将返回原始的 ``ParamSpec``:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2129 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import ParamSpec, get_origin\n" +">>> P = ParamSpec(\"P\")\n" +">>> get_origin(P.args) is P\n" +"True\n" +">>> get_origin(P.kwargs) is P\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import ParamSpec, get_origin\n" +">>> P = ParamSpec(\"P\")\n" +">>> get_origin(P.args) is P\n" +"True\n" +">>> get_origin(P.kwargs) is P\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2143 +msgid "" +"The type of type aliases created through the :keyword:`type` statement." +msgstr "通过 :keyword:`type` 语句创建的类型别名的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2147 +msgid "" +">>> type Alias = int\n" +">>> type(Alias)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> type Alias = int\n" +">>> type(Alias)\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2157 +msgid "The name of the type alias:" +msgstr "类型别名的名称：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2159 +msgid "" +">>> type Alias = int\n" +">>> Alias.__name__\n" +"'Alias'" +msgstr "" +">>> type Alias = int\n" +">>> Alias.__name__\n" +"'Alias'" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2167 +msgid "The module in which the type alias was defined::" +msgstr "类型别名定义所在的模块名称::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2169 +msgid "" +">>> type Alias = int\n" +">>> Alias.__module__\n" +"'__main__'" +msgstr "" +">>> type Alias = int\n" +">>> Alias.__module__\n" +"'__main__'" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2175 +msgid "" +"The type parameters of the type alias, or an empty tuple if the alias is not" +" generic:" +msgstr "类型别名的类型形参，或者如果别名不属于泛型则为一个空元组:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2178 +msgid "" +">>> type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]\n" +">>> ListOrSet.__type_params__\n" +"(T,)\n" +">>> type NotGeneric = int\n" +">>> NotGeneric.__type_params__\n" +"()" +msgstr "" +">>> type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]\n" +">>> ListOrSet.__type_params__\n" +"(T,)\n" +">>> type NotGeneric = int\n" +">>> NotGeneric.__type_params__\n" +"()" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2189 +msgid "" +"The type alias's value. This is :ref:`lazily evaluated `, " +"so names used in the definition of the alias are not resolved until the " +"``__value__`` attribute is accessed:" +msgstr "" +"类型别名的值。 它将被 :ref:`惰性求值 `，因此别名定义中使用的名称将直到 ``__value__`` " +"属性被访问时才会被解析:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2193 +msgid "" +">>> type Mutually = Recursive\n" +">>> type Recursive = Mutually\n" +">>> Mutually\n" +"Mutually\n" +">>> Recursive\n" +"Recursive\n" +">>> Mutually.__value__\n" +"Recursive\n" +">>> Recursive.__value__\n" +"Mutually" +msgstr "" +">>> type Mutually = Recursive\n" +">>> type Recursive = Mutually\n" +">>> Mutually\n" +"Mutually\n" +">>> Recursive\n" +"Recursive\n" +">>> Mutually.__value__\n" +"Recursive\n" +">>> Recursive.__value__\n" +"Mutually" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2207 +msgid "Other special directives" +msgstr "其他特殊指令" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2209 +msgid "" +"These functions and classes should not be used directly as annotations. " +"Their intended purpose is to be building blocks for creating and declaring " +"types." +msgstr "这些函数和类不应被直接用作标注。 它们的设计目标是作为创建和声明类型的构件。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2215 +msgid "Typed version of :func:`collections.namedtuple`." +msgstr ":func:`collections.namedtuple` 的类型版本。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2217 ../../library/typing.rst:2309 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3357 +msgid "Usage::" +msgstr "用法：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"class Employee(NamedTuple):\n" +" name: str\n" +" id: int" +msgstr "" +"class Employee(NamedTuple):\n" +" name: str\n" +" id: int" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2223 +msgid "This is equivalent to::" +msgstr "这相当于：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2225 +msgid "Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id'])" +msgstr "Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id'])" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2227 +msgid "" +"To give a field a default value, you can assign to it in the class body::" +msgstr "为字段提供默认值，要在类体内赋值：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2229 +msgid "" +"class Employee(NamedTuple):\n" +" name: str\n" +" id: int = 3\n" +"\n" +"employee = Employee('Guido')\n" +"assert employee.id == 3" +msgstr "" +"class Employee(NamedTuple):\n" +" name: str\n" +" id: int = 3\n" +"\n" +"employee = Employee('Guido')\n" +"assert employee.id == 3" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"Fields with a default value must come after any fields without a default." +msgstr "带默认值的字段必须在不带默认值的字段后面。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2238 +msgid "" +"The resulting class has an extra attribute ``__annotations__`` giving a dict" +" that maps the field names to the field types. (The field names are in the " +"``_fields`` attribute and the default values are in the ``_field_defaults`` " +"attribute, both of which are part of the :func:`~collections.namedtuple` " +"API.)" +msgstr "" +"由此产生的类有一个额外的属性 ``__annotations__`` ，给出一个 dict ，将字段名映射到字段类型。（字段名在 ``_fields``" +" 属性中，默认值在 ``_field_defaults`` 属性中，这两者都是 :func:`~collections.namedtuple` API " +"的一部分。）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2244 +msgid "``NamedTuple`` subclasses can also have docstrings and methods::" +msgstr "``NamedTuple`` 子类也支持文档字符串与方法：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2246 +msgid "" +"class Employee(NamedTuple):\n" +" \"\"\"Represents an employee.\"\"\"\n" +" name: str\n" +" id: int = 3\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self) -> str:\n" +" return f''" +msgstr "" +"class Employee(NamedTuple):\n" +" \"\"\"代表一位雇员。\"\"\"\n" +" name: str\n" +" id: int = 3\n" +"\n" +" def __repr__(self) -> str:\n" +" return f''" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2254 +msgid "``NamedTuple`` subclasses can be generic::" +msgstr "``NamedTuple`` 子类也可以为泛型：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"class Group[T](NamedTuple):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]" +msgstr "" +"class Group[T](NamedTuple):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2260 +msgid "Backward-compatible usage::" +msgstr "反向兼容用法：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2262 +msgid "" +"# For creating a generic NamedTuple on Python 3.11\n" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"class Group(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]\n" +"\n" +"# A functional syntax is also supported\n" +"Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)])" +msgstr "" +"# 在 Python 3.11 上创建通用 NamedTuple\n" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"class Group(NamedTuple, Generic[T]):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]\n" +"\n" +"# 函数语法也支持\n" +"Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)])" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2272 +msgid "Added support for :pep:`526` variable annotation syntax." +msgstr "添加了对 :pep:`526` 中变量注解句法的支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2275 +msgid "Added support for default values, methods, and docstrings." +msgstr "添加了对默认值、方法、文档字符串的支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2278 +msgid "" +"The ``_field_types`` and ``__annotations__`` attributes are now regular " +"dictionaries instead of instances of ``OrderedDict``." +msgstr "" +"``_field_types`` 和 ``__annotations__`` 属性现已使用常规字典，不再使用 ``OrderedDict`` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2282 +msgid "" +"Removed the ``_field_types`` attribute in favor of the more standard " +"``__annotations__`` attribute which has the same information." +msgstr "移除了 ``_field_types`` 属性， 改用具有相同信息，但更标准的 ``__annotations__`` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2286 +msgid "Added support for generic namedtuples." +msgstr "添加对泛型命名元组的支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2289 +msgid "" +"The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating NamedTuple classes " +"(``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", x=int)``) is deprecated, and will be disallowed " +"in 3.15. Use the class-based syntax or the functional syntax instead." +msgstr "" +"创建命名元组 NamedTuple 的关键字参数语法 (``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", x=int)``) " +"未被写入文档且已被弃用，它将在 3.15 中被禁止。使用基于类的语法或函数式语法作为替代。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2294 +msgid "" +"When using the functional syntax to create a NamedTuple class, failing to " +"pass a value to the 'fields' parameter (``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\")``) is " +"deprecated. Passing ``None`` to the 'fields' parameter (``NT = " +"NamedTuple(\"NT\", None)``) is also deprecated. Both will be disallowed in " +"Python 3.15. To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields, use ``class " +"NT(NamedTuple): pass`` or ``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", [])``." +msgstr "" +"使用函数式语法创建 NamedTuple 类时，不向 'fields' 形参传值(``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\")``) 或向 " +"'fields' 形参传递 ``None`` (``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", None)``) 的行为已被弃用，且在 Python" +" 3.15 中都将被禁止。要创建一个无字段的 NamedTuple 类，请使用 ``class NT(NamedTuple): pass`` 或 " +"``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", [])``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2304 +msgid "Helper class to create low-overhead :ref:`distinct types `." +msgstr "用于创建低开销的 :ref:`独有类型 ` 的辅助类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2306 +msgid "" +"A ``NewType`` is considered a distinct type by a typechecker. At runtime, " +"however, calling a ``NewType`` returns its argument unchanged." +msgstr "``NewType`` 将被类型检查器视为一个独有类型。 但是，在运行时，调用 ``NewType`` 将原样返回其参数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2311 +msgid "" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int) # Declare the NewType \"UserId\"\n" +"first_user = UserId(1) # \"UserId\" returns the argument unchanged at runtime" +msgstr "" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int) # 声明 NewType \"UserId\"\n" +"first_user = UserId(1) # 在运行时 \"UserId\" 将原样返回参数" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2316 +msgid "The module in which the new type is defined." +msgstr "新类型定义所在的模块。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2320 +msgid "The name of the new type." +msgstr "新类型的名称。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2324 +msgid "The type that the new type is based on." +msgstr "新类型所基于的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2328 +msgid "``NewType`` is now a class rather than a function." +msgstr "``NewType`` 现在是一个类而不是函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2333 +msgid "Base class for protocol classes." +msgstr "协议类的基类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2335 +msgid "Protocol classes are defined like this::" +msgstr "协议类是这样定义的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2337 +msgid "" +"class Proto(Protocol):\n" +" def meth(self) -> int:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class Proto(Protocol):\n" +" def meth(self) -> int:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2341 +msgid "" +"Such classes are primarily used with static type checkers that recognize " +"structural subtyping (static duck-typing), for example::" +msgstr "这些类主要与静态类型检查器搭配使用，用来识别结构子类型（静态鸭子类型），例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2344 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def meth(self) -> int:\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +"def func(x: Proto) -> int:\n" +" return x.meth()\n" +"\n" +"func(C()) # Passes static type check" +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" def meth(self) -> int:\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +"def func(x: Proto) -> int:\n" +" return x.meth()\n" +"\n" +"func(C()) # 通过静态类型检查" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2353 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`544` for more details. Protocol classes decorated with " +":func:`runtime_checkable` (described later) act as simple-minded runtime " +"protocols that check only the presence of given attributes, ignoring their " +"type signatures. Protocol classes without this decorator cannot be used as " +"the second argument to :func:`isinstance` or :func:`issubclass`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :pep:`544` 了解详情。 使用 :func:`runtime_checkable` " +"装饰的协议类（稍后介绍）将被用作只检查给定属性是否存在，而忽略其类型签名的简单运行时协议。 没有此装饰器的协议类不可被用作传给 " +":func:`isinstance` 或 :func:`issubclass` 的第二个参数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2359 +msgid "Protocol classes can be generic, for example::" +msgstr "Protocol 类可以是泛型，例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2361 +msgid "" +"class GenProto[T](Protocol):\n" +" def meth(self) -> T:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class GenProto[T](Protocol):\n" +" def meth(self) -> T:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2365 +msgid "" +"In code that needs to be compatible with Python 3.11 or older, generic " +"Protocols can be written as follows::" +msgstr "在需要兼容 Python 3.11 或更早版本的代码中，可以这样编写泛型协议::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2368 +msgid "" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"class GenProto(Protocol[T]):\n" +" def meth(self) -> T:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"class GenProto(Protocol[T]):\n" +" def meth(self) -> T:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2378 +msgid "Mark a protocol class as a runtime protocol." +msgstr "用于把 Protocol 类标记为运行时协议。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2380 +msgid "" +"Such a protocol can be used with :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass`. " +"This allows a simple-minded structural check, very similar to \"one trick " +"ponies\" in :mod:`collections.abc` such as " +":class:`~collections.abc.Iterable`. For example::" +msgstr "" +"这样的协议可以配合 :func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass` 使用。 这允许简单的结构化检查，非常类似于 " +":mod:`collections.abc` 中 :class:`~collections.abc.Iterable` 这样特别擅长做一件事的对象。 " +"例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2384 +msgid "" +"@runtime_checkable\n" +"class Closable(Protocol):\n" +" def close(self): ...\n" +"\n" +"assert isinstance(open('/some/file'), Closable)\n" +"\n" +"@runtime_checkable\n" +"class Named(Protocol):\n" +" name: str\n" +"\n" +"import threading\n" +"assert isinstance(threading.Thread(name='Bob'), Named)" +msgstr "" +"@runtime_checkable\n" +"class Closable(Protocol):\n" +" def close(self): ...\n" +"\n" +"assert isinstance(open('/some/file'), Closable)\n" +"\n" +"@runtime_checkable\n" +"class Named(Protocol):\n" +" name: str\n" +"\n" +"import threading\n" +"assert isinstance(threading.Thread(name='Bob'), Named)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2397 +msgid "" +"This decorator raises :exc:`TypeError` when applied to a non-protocol class." +msgstr "当应用于非协议类时此装饰器将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2401 +msgid "" +":func:`!runtime_checkable` will check only the presence of the required " +"methods or attributes, not their type signatures or types. For example, " +":class:`ssl.SSLObject` is a class, therefore it passes an :func:`issubclass`" +" check against :ref:`Callable `. However, the " +"``ssl.SSLObject.__init__`` method exists only to raise a :exc:`TypeError` " +"with a more informative message, therefore making it impossible to call " +"(instantiate) :class:`ssl.SSLObject`." +msgstr "" +":func:`!runtime_checkable` 将只检查所需方法或属性是否存在，而不检查它们的类型签名或类型。 " +"例如，:class:`ssl.SSLObject` 是一个类，因此它通过了针对 :ref:`Callable ` 的 :func:`issubclass` 检查。 但是，``ssl.SSLObject.__init__`` 方法的存在只是引发" +" :exc:`TypeError` 并附带更具信息量的消息，因此它无法调用 (实例化) :class:`ssl.SSLObject`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2412 +msgid "" +"An :func:`isinstance` check against a runtime-checkable protocol can be " +"surprisingly slow compared to an ``isinstance()`` check against a non-" +"protocol class. Consider using alternative idioms such as :func:`hasattr` " +"calls for structural checks in performance-sensitive code." +msgstr "" +"针对运行时可检查协议的 :func:`isinstance` 检查相比针对非协议类的 ``isinstance()`` 检查可能会惊人的缓慢。 " +"请考虑在性能敏感的代码中使用替代性写法如 :func:`hasattr` 调用进行结构检查。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2420 +msgid "" +"The internal implementation of :func:`isinstance` checks against runtime-" +"checkable protocols now uses :func:`inspect.getattr_static` to look up " +"attributes (previously, :func:`hasattr` was used). As a result, some objects" +" which used to be considered instances of a runtime-checkable protocol may " +"no longer be considered instances of that protocol on Python 3.12+, and vice" +" versa. Most users are unlikely to be affected by this change." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`isinstance` 的内部实现对于运行时可检查协议的检查会使用 :func:`inspect.getattr_static` " +"来查找属性 (在之前版本中，会使用 :func:`hasattr`)。 因此，在 Python 3.12+ " +"上一些以前被认为是运行时可检查协议的实例的对象可能不再被认为是该协议的实例，反之亦反。 大多数用户不太可能受到这一变化的影响。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2429 +msgid "" +"The members of a runtime-checkable protocol are now considered \"frozen\" at" +" runtime as soon as the class has been created. Monkey-patching attributes " +"onto a runtime-checkable protocol will still work, but will have no impact " +"on :func:`isinstance` checks comparing objects to the protocol. See " +":ref:`\"What's new in Python 3.12\" ` for more " +"details." +msgstr "" +"一旦类被创建则运行时可检查协议的成员就会被视为在运行时“已冻结”。 在运行时可检查协议上打上猴子补丁属性仍然有效，但不会影响将对象与协议进行比较的 " +":func:`isinstance` 检查。 请参阅 :ref:`\"Python 3.12 有什么新变化 ` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2440 +msgid "" +"Special construct to add type hints to a dictionary. At runtime it is a " +"plain :class:`dict`." +msgstr "把类型提示添加至字典的特殊构造器。在运行时，它是纯 :class:`dict`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2443 +msgid "" +"``TypedDict`` declares a dictionary type that expects all of its instances " +"to have a certain set of keys, where each key is associated with a value of " +"a consistent type. This expectation is not checked at runtime but is only " +"enforced by type checkers. Usage::" +msgstr "" +"``TypedDict`` " +"声明一个字典类型，该类型预期所有实例都具有一组键集，其中，每个键都与对应类型的值关联。运行时不检查此预期，而是由类型检查器强制执行。用法如下：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2449 +msgid "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +" label: str\n" +"\n" +"a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'} # OK\n" +"b: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'} # Fails type check\n" +"\n" +"assert Point2D(x=1, y=2, label='first') == dict(x=1, y=2, label='first')" +msgstr "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +" label: str\n" +"\n" +"a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'} # 可以\n" +"b: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'} # 不能通过类型检查\n" +"\n" +"assert Point2D(x=1, y=2, label='first') == dict(x=1, y=2, label='first')" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2459 +msgid "" +"An alternative way to create a ``TypedDict`` is by using function-call " +"syntax. The second argument must be a literal :class:`dict`::" +msgstr "另一种创建 ``TypedDict`` 的方法是使用函数调用语法。第二个参数必须是一个 :class:`dict` 字面值：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2462 +msgid "Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})" +msgstr "Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2464 +msgid "" +"This functional syntax allows defining keys which are not valid " +":ref:`identifiers `, for example because they are keywords or " +"contain hyphens, or when key names must not be :ref:`mangled ` like regular private names::" +msgstr "" +"这种函数式语法允许定义不是合法 :ref:`标识符 ` 的键，例如关键字或包含连字符，或者当键名不可被 :ref:`并入 " +"` 像是常规私有名称等::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2469 +msgid "" +"# raises SyntaxError\n" +"class Point2D(TypedDict):\n" +" in: int # 'in' is a keyword\n" +" x-y: int # name with hyphens\n" +"\n" +"class Definition(TypedDict):\n" +" __schema: str # mangled to `_Definition__schema`\n" +"\n" +"# OK, functional syntax\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'in': int, 'x-y': int})\n" +"Definition = TypedDict('Definition', {'__schema': str}) # not mangled" +msgstr "" +"# 引发 SyntaxError\n" +"class Point2D(TypedDict):\n" +" in: int # 'in' 是关键字\n" +" x-y: int # 名称中有连字符\n" +"\n" +"class Definition(TypedDict):\n" +" __schema: str # 并入 `_Definition__schema`\n" +"\n" +"# 可以，函数式语法\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'in': int, 'x-y': int})\n" +"Definition = TypedDict('Definition', {'__schema': str}) # 未并入" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2481 +msgid "" +"By default, all keys must be present in a ``TypedDict``. It is possible to " +"mark individual keys as non-required using :data:`NotRequired`::" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，所有的键都必须出现在一个 ``TypedDict`` 中。 可以使用 :data:`NotRequired` 将单独的键标记为非必要的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2484 +msgid "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +" label: NotRequired[str]\n" +"\n" +"# Alternative syntax\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': NotRequired[str]})" +msgstr "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +" label: NotRequired[str]\n" +"\n" +"# 替代语法\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': NotRequired[str]})" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2492 +msgid "" +"This means that a ``Point2D`` ``TypedDict`` can have the ``label`` key " +"omitted." +msgstr "这意味着一个 ``Point2D`` ``TypedDict`` 可以省略 ``label`` 键。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2495 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to mark all keys as non-required by default by " +"specifying a totality of ``False``::" +msgstr "也可以通过全部指定 ``False`` 将所有键都标记为默认非必要的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2498 +msgid "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"# Alternative syntax\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int}, total=False)" +msgstr "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"# 替代语法\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int}, total=False)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2505 +msgid "" +"This means that a ``Point2D`` ``TypedDict`` can have any of the keys " +"omitted. A type checker is only expected to support a literal ``False`` or " +"``True`` as the value of the ``total`` argument. ``True`` is the default, " +"and makes all items defined in the class body required." +msgstr "" +"这意味着一个 ``Point2D`` ``TypedDict`` 可以省略任何一个键。 类型检查器只需要支持一个字面的 ``False`` 或 " +"``True`` 作为 ``total`` 参数的值。 ``True`` 是默认的，它使类主体中定义的所有项目都是必需的。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2510 +msgid "" +"Individual keys of a ``total=False`` ``TypedDict`` can be marked as required" +" using :data:`Required`::" +msgstr "一个 ``total=False`` ``TypedDict`` 中单独的键可以使用 :data:`Required` 标记为必要的::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2513 +msgid "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" x: Required[int]\n" +" y: Required[int]\n" +" label: str\n" +"\n" +"# Alternative syntax\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {\n" +" 'x': Required[int],\n" +" 'y': Required[int],\n" +" 'label': str\n" +"}, total=False)" +msgstr "" +"class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" x: Required[int]\n" +" y: Required[int]\n" +" label: str\n" +"\n" +"# 替代语法\n" +"Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {\n" +" 'x': Required[int],\n" +" 'y': Required[int],\n" +" 'label': str\n" +"}, total=False)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2525 +msgid "" +"It is possible for a ``TypedDict`` type to inherit from one or more other " +"``TypedDict`` types using the class-based syntax. Usage::" +msgstr "一个 ``TypedDict`` 类型有可能使用基于类的语法从一个或多个其他 ``TypedDict`` 类型继承。用法::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2529 +msgid "" +"class Point3D(Point2D):\n" +" z: int" +msgstr "" +"class Point3D(Point2D):\n" +" z: int" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2532 +msgid "" +"``Point3D`` has three items: ``x``, ``y`` and ``z``. It is equivalent to " +"this definition::" +msgstr "``Point3D`` 有三个项目 : ``x`` , ``y`` 和 ``z`` 。 其等价于定义::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2535 +msgid "" +"class Point3D(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +" z: int" +msgstr "" +"class Point3D(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +" z: int" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2540 +msgid "" +"A ``TypedDict`` cannot inherit from a non-\\ ``TypedDict`` class, except for" +" :class:`Generic`. For example::" +msgstr "``TypedDict`` 不能从非 ``TypedDict`` 类继承，除了 :class:`Generic`。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2543 +msgid "" +"class X(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +"\n" +"class Y(TypedDict):\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"class Z(object): pass # A non-TypedDict class\n" +"\n" +"class XY(X, Y): pass # OK\n" +"\n" +"class XZ(X, Z): pass # raises TypeError" +msgstr "" +"class X(TypedDict):\n" +" x: int\n" +"\n" +"class Y(TypedDict):\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"class Z(object): pass # 非 TypedDict 类\n" +"\n" +"class XY(X, Y): pass # 可以\n" +"\n" +"class XZ(X, Z): pass # 引发 TypeError" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2555 +msgid "A ``TypedDict`` can be generic::" +msgstr "``TypedDict`` 也可以为泛型的：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2557 +msgid "" +"class Group[T](TypedDict):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]" +msgstr "" +"class Group[T](TypedDict):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2561 +msgid "" +"To create a generic ``TypedDict`` that is compatible with Python 3.11 or " +"lower, inherit from :class:`Generic` explicitly:" +msgstr "要创建与 Python 3.11 或更低版本兼容的泛型 ``TypedDict``，请显式地从 :class:`Generic` 继承：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2564 +msgid "" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"class Group(TypedDict, Generic[T]):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]" +msgstr "" +"T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +"class Group(TypedDict, Generic[T]):\n" +" key: T\n" +" group: list[T]" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2572 +msgid "" +"A ``TypedDict`` can be introspected via annotations dicts (see " +":ref:`annotations-howto` for more information on annotations best " +"practices), :attr:`__total__`, :attr:`__required_keys__`, and " +":attr:`__optional_keys__`." +msgstr "" +"``TypedDict`` 可以通过注解字典（参见 :ref:`annotations-howto` 了解更多关于注解的最佳实践）、 " +":attr:`__total__` 、 :attr:`__required_keys__` 和 :attr:`__optional_keys__` " +"进行内省。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2578 +msgid "" +"``Point2D.__total__`` gives the value of the ``total`` argument. Example:" +msgstr "``Point2D.__total__`` 给出了 ``total`` 参数的值。 例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2581 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import TypedDict\n" +">>> class Point2D(TypedDict): pass\n" +">>> Point2D.__total__\n" +"True\n" +">>> class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False): pass\n" +">>> Point2D.__total__\n" +"False\n" +">>> class Point3D(Point2D): pass\n" +">>> Point3D.__total__\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import TypedDict\n" +">>> class Point2D(TypedDict): pass\n" +">>> Point2D.__total__\n" +"True\n" +">>> class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False): pass\n" +">>> Point2D.__total__\n" +"False\n" +">>> class Point3D(Point2D): pass\n" +">>> Point3D.__total__\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2594 +msgid "" +"This attribute reflects *only* the value of the ``total`` argument to the " +"current ``TypedDict`` class, not whether the class is semantically total. " +"For example, a ``TypedDict`` with ``__total__`` set to ``True`` may have " +"keys marked with :data:`NotRequired`, or it may inherit from another " +"``TypedDict`` with ``total=False``. Therefore, it is generally better to use" +" :attr:`__required_keys__` and :attr:`__optional_keys__` for introspection." +msgstr "" +"该属性 *只* 反映传给当前 ``TypedDict`` 类的 ``total`` 参数的值，而不反映这个类在语义上是否完整。 例如，一个 " +"``__total__`` 被设为 ``True`` 的 ``TypedDict`` 可能有用 :data:`NotRequired` " +"标记的键，或者它可能继承自另一个设置了 ``total=False`` 的 ``TypedDict``。 因此，使用 " +":attr:`__required_keys__` 和 :attr:`__optional_keys__` 进行内省通常会更好。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2607 +msgid "" +"``Point2D.__required_keys__`` and ``Point2D.__optional_keys__`` return " +":class:`frozenset` objects containing required and non-required keys, " +"respectively." +msgstr "" +"``Point2D.__required_keys__`` 和 ``Point2D.__optional_keys__`` " +"返回分别包含必要的和非必要的键的 :class:`frozenset` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2610 +msgid "" +"Keys marked with :data:`Required` will always appear in " +"``__required_keys__`` and keys marked with :data:`NotRequired` will always " +"appear in ``__optional_keys__``." +msgstr "" +"标记为 :data:`Required` 的键总是会出现在 ``__required_keys__`` 中而标记为 " +":data:`NotRequired` 的键总是会出现在 ``__optional_keys__`` 中。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2613 +msgid "" +"For backwards compatibility with Python 3.10 and below, it is also possible " +"to use inheritance to declare both required and non-required keys in the " +"same ``TypedDict`` . This is done by declaring a ``TypedDict`` with one " +"value for the ``total`` argument and then inheriting from it in another " +"``TypedDict`` with a different value for ``total``:" +msgstr "" +"为了向下兼容 Python 3.10 及更老的版本，还可以使用继承机制在同一个 ``TypedDict`` 中同时声明必要和非必要的键。 " +"这是通过声明一个具有 ``total`` 参数值的 ``TypedDict`` 然后在另一个 ``TypedDict`` 中继承它并使用不同的 " +"``total`` 值来实现的：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2620 +msgid "" +">>> class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +"... x: int\n" +"... y: int\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Point3D(Point2D):\n" +"... z: int\n" +"...\n" +">>> Point3D.__required_keys__ == frozenset({'z'})\n" +"True\n" +">>> Point3D.__optional_keys__ == frozenset({'x', 'y'})\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +"... x: int\n" +"... y: int\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Point3D(Point2D):\n" +"... z: int\n" +"...\n" +">>> Point3D.__required_keys__ == frozenset({'z'})\n" +"True\n" +">>> Point3D.__optional_keys__ == frozenset({'x', 'y'})\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2638 +msgid "" +"If ``from __future__ import annotations`` is used or if annotations are " +"given as strings, annotations are not evaluated when the ``TypedDict`` is " +"defined. Therefore, the runtime introspection that ``__required_keys__`` and" +" ``__optional_keys__`` rely on may not work properly, and the values of the " +"attributes may be incorrect." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 ``from __future__ import annotations`` 或者如果以字符串形式给出标注，那么标注不会在定义 " +"``TypedDict`` 时被求值。 因此，``__required_keys__`` 和 ``__optional_keys__`` " +"所依赖的运行时内省可能无法正常工作，这些属性的值也可能不正确。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2644 +msgid "Support for :data:`ReadOnly` is reflected in the following attributes:" +msgstr "对 :data:`ReadOnly` 的支持反映在下列属性中：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2648 +msgid "" +"A :class:`frozenset` containing the names of all read-only keys. Keys are " +"read-only if they carry the :data:`ReadOnly` qualifier." +msgstr "" +"一个包含所有只读键名称的 :class:`frozenset`。\n" +"带有 :data:`ReadOnly` 限定符的键被认为是只读的。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2655 +msgid "" +"A :class:`frozenset` containing the names of all mutable keys. Keys are " +"mutable if they do not carry the :data:`ReadOnly` qualifier." +msgstr "" +"一个包含所有可变键名称的 :class:`frozenset`。\n" +"不带有 :data:`ReadOnly` 限定符的键被认为是可变的。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2660 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`589` for more examples and detailed rules of using ``TypedDict``." +msgstr "更多示例与 ``TypedDict`` 的详细规则，详见 :pep:`589`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2664 +msgid "" +"Added support for marking individual keys as :data:`Required` or " +":data:`NotRequired`. See :pep:`655`." +msgstr "" +"增加了对将单独的键标记为 :data:`Required` 或 :data:`NotRequired` 的支持。 参见 :pep:`655`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2668 +msgid "Added support for generic ``TypedDict``\\ s." +msgstr "添加对泛型 ``TypedDict`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2671 +msgid "" +"Removed support for the keyword-argument method of creating ``TypedDict``\\ " +"s." +msgstr "移除了对使用关键字参数方法创建 ``TypedDict`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2674 +msgid "Support for the :data:`ReadOnly` qualifier was added." +msgstr "添加了对 :data:`ReadOnly` 限定符的支持。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2677 +msgid "" +"When using the functional syntax to create a TypedDict class, failing to " +"pass a value to the 'fields' parameter (``TD = TypedDict(\"TD\")``) is " +"deprecated. Passing ``None`` to the 'fields' parameter (``TD = " +"TypedDict(\"TD\", None)``) is also deprecated. Both will be disallowed in " +"Python 3.15. To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields, use ``class " +"TD(TypedDict): pass`` or ``TD = TypedDict(\"TD\", {})``." +msgstr "" +"使用函数式语法创建 TypedDict 类时，不向 'fields' 形参传值(``TD = TypedDict(\"TD\")``) 或向 " +"'fields' 形参传递 ``None`` (``TD = TypedDict (\"TD\", None)``) 的行为已被弃用，且在 Python" +" 3.15 中都将被禁止。要创建一个无字段的 TypedDict 类，请使用 ``class TD(TypedDict ): pass`` 或 ``TD" +" = TypedDict (\"TD\", {})``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2686 +msgid "Protocols" +msgstr "协议" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2688 +msgid "" +"The following protocols are provided by the typing module. All are decorated" +" with :func:`@runtime_checkable `." +msgstr "下列协议由 typing 模块提供并已全被装饰为 :func:`可在运行时检查的 `。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2693 +msgid "" +"An ABC with one abstract method ``__abs__`` that is covariant in its return " +"type." +msgstr "一个抽象基类，含一个抽象方法 ``__abs__``，该方法与其返回类型协变。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2698 +msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__bytes__``." +msgstr "一个抽象基类，含一个抽象方法 ``__bytes__``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2702 +msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__complex__``." +msgstr "一个抽象基类，含一个抽象方法 ``__complex__``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2706 +msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__float__``." +msgstr "一个抽象基类，含一个抽象方法 ``__float__``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2710 +msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__index__``." +msgstr "一个抽象基类，含一个抽象方法 ``__index__``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2716 +msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__int__``." +msgstr "一个抽象基类，含一个抽象方法 ``__int__``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2720 +msgid "" +"An ABC with one abstract method ``__round__`` that is covariant in its " +"return type." +msgstr "一个抽象基类，含一个抽象方法 ``__round__``，该方法与其返回类型协变。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2724 +msgid "ABCs for working with IO" +msgstr "与 IO 相关的抽象基类" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2730 +msgid "" +"Generic type ``IO[AnyStr]`` and its subclasses ``TextIO(IO[str])`` and " +"``BinaryIO(IO[bytes])`` represent the types of I/O streams such as returned " +"by :func:`open`." +msgstr "" +"泛型 ``IO[AnyStr]`` 及其子类 ``TextIO(IO[str])``、``BinaryIO(IO[bytes])`` 表示 I/O " +"流——例如 :func:`open` 返回的对象——的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2736 +msgid "Functions and decorators" +msgstr "函数与装饰器" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2740 +msgid "Cast a value to a type." +msgstr "把一个值转换为指定的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2742 +msgid "" +"This returns the value unchanged. To the type checker this signals that the" +" return value has the designated type, but at runtime we intentionally don't" +" check anything (we want this to be as fast as possible)." +msgstr "这会把值原样返回。对类型检查器而言这代表了返回值具有指定的类型，在运行时我们故意没有设计任何检查（我们希望让这尽量快）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2749 +msgid "" +"Ask a static type checker to confirm that *val* has an inferred type of " +"*typ*." +msgstr "让静态类型检查器确认 *val* 具有推断为 *typ* 的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2751 +msgid "" +"At runtime this does nothing: it returns the first argument unchanged with " +"no checks or side effects, no matter the actual type of the argument." +msgstr "在运行时这将不做任何事：它会原样返回第一个参数而没有任何检查或附带影响，无论参数的实际类型是什么。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2754 +msgid "" +"When a static type checker encounters a call to ``assert_type()``, it emits " +"an error if the value is not of the specified type::" +msgstr "当静态类型检查器遇到对 ``assert_type()`` 的调用时，如果该值不是指定的类型则会报错::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2757 +msgid "" +"def greet(name: str) -> None:\n" +" assert_type(name, str) # OK, inferred type of `name` is `str`\n" +" assert_type(name, int) # type checker error" +msgstr "" +"def greet(name: str) -> None:\n" +" assert_type(name, str) # OK，推断 `name` 的类型是 `str`\n" +" assert_type(name, int) # 类型检查器错误" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2761 +msgid "" +"This function is useful for ensuring the type checker's understanding of a " +"script is in line with the developer's intentions::" +msgstr "此函数适用于确保类型检查器对脚本的理解符合开发者的意图::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2764 +msgid "" +"def complex_function(arg: object):\n" +" # Do some complex type-narrowing logic,\n" +" # after which we hope the inferred type will be `int`\n" +" ...\n" +" # Test whether the type checker correctly understands our function\n" +" assert_type(arg, int)" +msgstr "" +"def complex_function(arg: object):\n" +" # 执行某些复杂的类型细化逻辑，\n" +" # 在此之后我们希望推断出的类型为 `int`\n" +" ...\n" +" # 测试类型检查器能否正确理解我们的函数\n" +" assert_type(arg, int)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2775 +msgid "" +"Ask a static type checker to confirm that a line of code is unreachable." +msgstr "让静态类型检查器确认一行代码是不可达的。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2777 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2779 +msgid "" +"def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:\n" +" match arg:\n" +" case int():\n" +" print(\"It's an int\")\n" +" case str():\n" +" print(\"It's a str\")\n" +" case _ as unreachable:\n" +" assert_never(unreachable)" +msgstr "" +"def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:\n" +" match arg:\n" +" case int():\n" +" print(\"It's an int\")\n" +" case str():\n" +" print(\"It's a str\")\n" +" case _ as unreachable:\n" +" assert_never(unreachable)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2788 +msgid "" +"Here, the annotations allow the type checker to infer that the last case can" +" never execute, because ``arg`` is either an :class:`int` or a :class:`str`," +" and both options are covered by earlier cases." +msgstr "" +"在这里，标注允许类型检查器推断最后一种情况永远不会执行，因为 ``arg`` 要么是 :class:`int` 要么是 " +":class:`str`，而这两种选项都已被之前的情况覆盖了。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2793 +msgid "" +"If a type checker finds that a call to ``assert_never()`` is reachable, it " +"will emit an error. For example, if the type annotation for ``arg`` was " +"instead ``int | str | float``, the type checker would emit an error pointing" +" out that ``unreachable`` is of type :class:`float`. For a call to " +"``assert_never`` to pass type checking, the inferred type of the argument " +"passed in must be the bottom type, :data:`Never`, and nothing else." +msgstr "" +"如果类型检查器发现对 ``assert_never()`` 的调用是可达的，它将报告一个错误。 举例来说，如果 ``arg`` 的类型标注改为 " +"``int | str | float``，则类型检查器将报告一个错误指出 ``unreachable`` 为 :class:`float` 类型。 " +"对于通过类型检查的 ``assert_never`` 调用，参数传入的推断类型必须为兜底类型 :data:`Never`，而不能为任何其他类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2801 +msgid "At runtime, this throws an exception when called." +msgstr "在运行时，如果调用此函数将抛出一个异常。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2804 +msgid "" +"`Unreachable Code and Exhaustiveness Checking " +"`__ has more " +"information about exhaustiveness checking with static typing." +msgstr "" +"`Unreachable Code and Exhaustiveness Checking " +"`__ " +"提供了更多有关表达类型穷举检查的信息。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2812 +msgid "" +"Ask a static type checker to reveal the inferred type of an expression." +msgstr "让静态类型检查器显示推测的表达式类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2814 +msgid "" +"When a static type checker encounters a call to this function, it emits a " +"diagnostic with the inferred type of the argument. For example::" +msgstr "当静态类型检查器遇到一个对此函数的调用时，它将发出带有所推测参数类型的诊断信息。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2817 +msgid "" +"x: int = 1\n" +"reveal_type(x) # Revealed type is \"builtins.int\"" +msgstr "" +"x: int = 1\n" +"reveal_type(x) # 揭示的类型为 \"builtins.int\"" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2820 +msgid "" +"This can be useful when you want to debug how your type checker handles a " +"particular piece of code." +msgstr "这在你想要调试你的类型检查器如何处理一段特定代码时很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2823 +msgid "" +"At runtime, this function prints the runtime type of its argument to " +":data:`sys.stderr` and returns the argument unchanged (allowing the call to " +"be used within an expression)::" +msgstr "在运行时，此函数会将其参数类型打印到 :data:`sys.stderr` 并不加修改地返回该参数 (以允许该调用在表达式中使用)::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2827 +msgid "" +"x = reveal_type(1) # prints \"Runtime type is int\"\n" +"print(x) # prints \"1\"" +msgstr "" +"x = reveal_type(1) # 打印 \"Runtime type is int\"\n" +"print(x) # 打印 \"1\"" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2830 +msgid "" +"Note that the runtime type may be different from (more or less specific " +"than) the type statically inferred by a type checker." +msgstr "请注意在运行时类型可能不同于类型静态检查器所推测的类型（明确程度可能更高也可能更低）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2833 +msgid "" +"Most type checkers support ``reveal_type()`` anywhere, even if the name is " +"not imported from ``typing``. Importing the name from ``typing``, however, " +"allows your code to run without runtime errors and communicates intent more " +"clearly." +msgstr "" +"大多数类型检查器都能在任何地方支持 ``reveal_type()``，即使并未从 ``typing`` 导入该名称。 不过，从 ``typing`` " +"导入该名称将允许你的代码在运行时不会出现运行时错误并能更清晰地传递意图。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2844 +msgid "" +"Decorator to mark an object as providing :func:`dataclass " +"`-like behavior." +msgstr "将一个对象标记为提供类似 :func:`dataclass ` 行为的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2847 +msgid "" +"``dataclass_transform`` may be used to decorate a class, metaclass, or a " +"function that is itself a decorator. The presence of " +"``@dataclass_transform()`` tells a static type checker that the decorated " +"object performs runtime \"magic\" that transforms a class in a similar way " +"to :func:`@dataclasses.dataclass `." +msgstr "" +"``dataclass_transform`` 可被用于装饰类、元类或本身为装饰器的函数。 使用 ``@dataclass_transform()`` " +"将让静态类型检查器知道被装饰的对象会执行以类似 :func:`@dataclasses.dataclass " +"` 的方式来转换类的运行时“魔法”。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2854 +msgid "Example usage with a decorator function:" +msgstr "装饰器函数使用方式的例子：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2856 +msgid "" +"@dataclass_transform()\n" +"def create_model[T](cls: type[T]) -> type[T]:\n" +" ...\n" +" return cls\n" +"\n" +"@create_model\n" +"class CustomerModel:\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass_transform()\n" +"def create_model[T](cls: type[T]) -> type[T]:\n" +" ...\n" +" return cls\n" +"\n" +"@create_model\n" +"class CustomerModel:\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2868 +msgid "On a base class::" +msgstr "在基类上::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2870 +msgid "" +"@dataclass_transform()\n" +"class ModelBase: ...\n" +"\n" +"class CustomerModel(ModelBase):\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass_transform()\n" +"class ModelBase: ...\n" +"\n" +"class CustomerModel(ModelBase):\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2877 +msgid "On a metaclass::" +msgstr "在元类上::" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2879 +msgid "" +"@dataclass_transform()\n" +"class ModelMeta(type): ...\n" +"\n" +"class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ...\n" +"\n" +"class CustomerModel(ModelBase):\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass_transform()\n" +"class ModelMeta(type): ...\n" +"\n" +"class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ...\n" +"\n" +"class CustomerModel(ModelBase):\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2888 +msgid "" +"The ``CustomerModel`` classes defined above will be treated by type checkers" +" similarly to classes created with :func:`@dataclasses.dataclass " +"`. For example, type checkers will assume these " +"classes have ``__init__`` methods that accept ``id`` and ``name``." +msgstr "" +"上面定义的 ``CustomerModel`` 类将被类型检查器视为类似于使用 :func:`@dataclasses.dataclass " +"` 创建的类。 例如，类型检查器将假定这些类具有接受 ``id`` 和 ``name`` 的 " +"``__init__`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2894 +msgid "" +"The decorated class, metaclass, or function may accept the following bool " +"arguments which type checkers will assume have the same effect as they would" +" have on the :func:`@dataclasses.dataclass` " +"decorator: ``init``, ``eq``, ``order``, ``unsafe_hash``, ``frozen``, " +"``match_args``, ``kw_only``, and ``slots``. It must be possible for the " +"value of these arguments (``True`` or ``False``) to be statically evaluated." +msgstr "" +"被装饰的类、元类或函数可以接受以下布尔值参数，类型检查器将假定它们具有与 " +":func:`@dataclasses.dataclass` 装饰器相同的效果: ``init``, " +"``eq``, ``order``, ``unsafe_hash``, ``frozen``, ``match_args``, ``kw_only`` " +"和 ``slots``。 这些参数的值 (``True`` 或 ``False``) 必须可以被静态地求值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2902 +msgid "" +"The arguments to the ``dataclass_transform`` decorator can be used to " +"customize the default behaviors of the decorated class, metaclass, or " +"function:" +msgstr "传给 ``dataclass_transform`` 装饰器的参数可以被用来定制被装饰的类、元类或函数的默认行为:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:0 +msgid "Parameters" +msgstr "参数" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2906 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be ``True`` or " +"``False`` if it is omitted by the caller. Defaults to ``True``." +msgstr "指明如果调用方省略了 ``eq`` 形参则应将其假定为 ``True`` 还是 ``False``。 默认为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2911 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is assumed to be ``True`` or " +"``False`` if it is omitted by the caller. Defaults to ``False``." +msgstr "指明如果调用方省略了 ``order`` 形参则应将其假定为 ``True`` 还是 ``False``。 默认为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2916 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is assumed to be ``True`` or " +"``False`` if it is omitted by the caller. Defaults to ``False``." +msgstr "" +"指明如果调用方省略了 ``kw_only`` 形参则应将其假定为 ``True`` 还是 ``False``。 默认为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2921 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is assumed to be ``True`` or " +"``False`` if it is omitted by the caller. Defaults to ``False``. .. " +"versionadded:: 3.12" +msgstr "" +"指明如果调用方省略了 ``frozen`` 形参则应将其假定为 ``True`` 还是 ``False``。 默认为 ``False``。 .. " +"versionadded:: 3.12" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2922 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is assumed to be ``True`` or " +"``False`` if it is omitted by the caller. Defaults to ``False``." +msgstr "指明如果省略了 ``frozen`` 形参则应将其假定为 ``True`` 还是 ``False``。 默认为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2928 +msgid "" +"Specifies a static list of supported classes or functions that describe " +"fields, similar to :func:`dataclasses.field`. Defaults to ``()``." +msgstr "指定一个受支持的类或描述字段的函数的静态列表，类似于 :func:`dataclasses.field`。 默认为 ``()``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2934 +msgid "" +"Arbitrary other keyword arguments are accepted in order to allow for " +"possible future extensions." +msgstr "接受任何其他关键字以便允许可能的未来扩展。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2938 +msgid "" +"Type checkers recognize the following optional parameters on field " +"specifiers:" +msgstr "类型检查器能识别下列字段设定器的可选形参:" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2941 +msgid "**Recognised parameters for field specifiers**" +msgstr "**字段设定器的可识别形参**" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2945 +msgid "Parameter name" +msgstr "形参名称" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2946 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2947 +msgid "``init``" +msgstr "``init``" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2948 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the field should be included in the synthesized " +"``__init__`` method. If unspecified, ``init`` defaults to ``True``." +msgstr "指明字段是否应当被包括在合成的 ``__init__`` 方法中。 如果未指明，则 ``init`` 默认为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2951 +msgid "``default``" +msgstr "``default``" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2952 +msgid "Provides the default value for the field." +msgstr "为字段提供默认值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2953 +msgid "``default_factory``" +msgstr "``default_factory``" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2954 +msgid "" +"Provides a runtime callback that returns the default value for the field. If" +" neither ``default`` nor ``default_factory`` are specified, the field is " +"assumed to have no default value and must be provided a value when the class" +" is instantiated." +msgstr "" +"提供一个返回字段默认值的运行时回调。 如果 ``default`` 或 ``default_factory`` " +"均未指定，则会假定字段没有默认值而在类被实例化时必须提供一个值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2959 +msgid "``factory``" +msgstr "``factory``" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2960 +msgid "An alias for the ``default_factory`` parameter on field specifiers." +msgstr "字段说明符上 ``default_factory`` 形参的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2961 +msgid "``kw_only``" +msgstr "``kw_only``" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2962 +msgid "" +"Indicates whether the field should be marked as keyword-only. If ``True``, " +"the field will be keyword-only. If ``False``, it will not be keyword-only. " +"If unspecified, the value of the ``kw_only`` parameter on the object " +"decorated with ``dataclass_transform`` will be used, or if that is " +"unspecified, the value of ``kw_only_default`` on ``dataclass_transform`` " +"will be used." +msgstr "" +"指明字段是否应被标记为仅限关键字的。 如为 ``True``，字段将是仅限关键字的。 如为 ``False``，它将不是仅限关键字的。 " +"如未指明，则将使用以 ``dataclass_transform`` 装饰的对象的 ``kw_only`` 形参的值，或者如果该值也未指明，则将使用 " +"``dataclass_transform`` 上 ``kw_only_default`` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2968 +msgid "``alias``" +msgstr "``alias``" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2969 +msgid "" +"Provides an alternative name for the field. This alternative name is used in" +" the synthesized ``__init__`` method." +msgstr "提供字段的替代名称。 该替代名称会被用于合成的 ``__init__`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2972 +msgid "" +"At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the " +"``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object. It has no " +"other runtime effect." +msgstr "在运行时，该装饰器会将其参数记录到被装饰对象的 ``__dataclass_transform__`` 属性。 它没有其他的运行时影响。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2976 +msgid "See :pep:`681` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`681`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2984 +msgid "Decorator for creating overloaded functions and methods." +msgstr "用于创建重载函数和方法的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2986 +msgid "" +"The ``@overload`` decorator allows describing functions and methods that " +"support multiple different combinations of argument types. A series of " +"``@overload``-decorated definitions must be followed by exactly one " +"non-``@overload``-decorated definition (for the same function/method)." +msgstr "" +"``@overload`` 装饰器允许描述支持多参数类型不同组合的函数和方法。 一系列以 ``@overload`` 装饰的定义必须带上恰好一个非 " +"``@overload`` 装饰的定义（用于同一个函数/方法）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2991 +msgid "" +"``@overload``-decorated definitions are for the benefit of the type checker " +"only, since they will be overwritten by the non-``@overload``-decorated " +"definition. The non-``@overload``-decorated definition, meanwhile, will be " +"used at runtime but should be ignored by a type checker. At runtime, " +"calling an ``@overload``-decorated function directly will raise " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`." +msgstr "" +"以 ``@overload`` 装饰的定义仅对类型检查器有用，因为它们将被非 ``@overload`` 装饰的定义覆盖。 与此同时，非 " +"``@overload`` 装饰的定义将在运行时使用但应被类型检查器忽略。 在运行时，直接调用以 ``@overload`` 装饰的函数将引发 " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:2999 +msgid "" +"An example of overload that gives a more precise type than can be expressed " +"using a union or a type variable:" +msgstr "一个提供了比使用联合或类型变量更精确的类型的重载的示例：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3002 +msgid "" +"@overload\n" +"def process(response: None) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"@overload\n" +"def process(response: int) -> tuple[int, str]:\n" +" ...\n" +"@overload\n" +"def process(response: bytes) -> str:\n" +" ...\n" +"def process(response):\n" +" ... # actual implementation goes here" +msgstr "" +"@overload\n" +"def process(response: None) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"@overload\n" +"def process(response: int) -> tuple[int, str]:\n" +" ...\n" +"@overload\n" +"def process(response: bytes) -> str:\n" +" ...\n" +"def process(response):\n" +" ... # 以下为真正的实现" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3016 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`484` for more details and comparison with other typing semantics." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`484` 了解更多细节以及与其他类型语义的比较。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3018 +msgid "" +"Overloaded functions can now be introspected at runtime using " +":func:`get_overloads`." +msgstr "现在可以使用 :func:`get_overloads` 在运行时内省有重载的函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3025 +msgid "" +"Return a sequence of :func:`@overload `-decorated definitions for " +"*func*." +msgstr "为 *func* 返回以 :func:`@overload ` 装饰的定义的序列。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3028 +msgid "" +"*func* is the function object for the implementation of the overloaded " +"function. For example, given the definition of ``process`` in the " +"documentation for :func:`@overload `, ``get_overloads(process)`` " +"will return a sequence of three function objects for the three defined " +"overloads. If called on a function with no overloads, ``get_overloads()`` " +"returns an empty sequence." +msgstr "" +"*func* 是用于实现过载函数的函数对象。 例如，根据文档中为 :func:`@overload ` 给出的 " +"``process`` 定义，``get_overloads(process)`` 将为所定义的三个过载函数返回由三个函数对象组成的序列。 " +"如果在不带过载的函数上调用，``get_overloads()`` 将返回一个空序列。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3035 +msgid "" +"``get_overloads()`` can be used for introspecting an overloaded function at " +"runtime." +msgstr "``get_overloads()`` 可被用来在运行时内省一个过载函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3043 +msgid "Clear all registered overloads in the internal registry." +msgstr "清空内部注册表中所有已注册的重载。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3045 +msgid "This can be used to reclaim the memory used by the registry." +msgstr "这可用于回收注册表所使用的内存。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3052 +msgid "Decorator to indicate final methods and final classes." +msgstr "表示最终化方法和最终化类的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3054 +msgid "" +"Decorating a method with ``@final`` indicates to a type checker that the " +"method cannot be overridden in a subclass. Decorating a class with " +"``@final`` indicates that it cannot be subclassed." +msgstr "" +"以 ``@final`` 装饰一个方法将向类型检查器指明该方法不可在子类中被重载。 以 ``@final`` 装饰一个类表示它不可被子类化。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3060 +msgid "" +"class Base:\n" +" @final\n" +" def done(self) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"class Sub(Base):\n" +" def done(self) -> None: # Error reported by type checker\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@final\n" +"class Leaf:\n" +" ...\n" +"class Other(Leaf): # Error reported by type checker\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class Base:\n" +" @final\n" +" def done(self) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"class Sub(Base):\n" +" def done(self) -> None: # 类型检查器报告错误\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@final\n" +"class Leaf:\n" +" ...\n" +"class Other(Leaf): # 类型检查器报告错误\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3079 +msgid "" +"The decorator will now attempt to set a ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` " +"on the decorated object. Thus, a check like ``if getattr(obj, \"__final__\"," +" False)`` can be used at runtime to determine whether an object ``obj`` has " +"been marked as final. If the decorated object does not support setting " +"attributes, the decorator returns the object unchanged without raising an " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"该装饰器现在将尝试在被装饰的对象上设置 ``__final__`` 属性为 ``True``。 这样，可以在运行时使用 ``if " +"getattr(obj, \"__final__\", False)`` 这样的检查来确定对象 ``obj`` 是否已被标记为终结。 " +"如果被装饰的对象不支持设置属性，该装饰器将不加修改地返回对象而不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3090 +msgid "Decorator to indicate that annotations are not type hints." +msgstr "标明注解不是类型提示的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3092 +msgid "" +"This works as a class or function :term:`decorator`. With a class, it " +"applies recursively to all methods and classes defined in that class (but " +"not to methods defined in its superclasses or subclasses). Type checkers " +"will ignore all annotations in a function or class with this decorator." +msgstr "" +"此作用方式类似于类或函数的 :term:`decorator`。 " +"对于类，它将递归地应用到该类中定义的所有方法和类（但不包括在其超类或子类中定义的方法）。 类型检查器将忽略带有此装饰器的函数或类的所有标注。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3098 +msgid "``@no_type_check`` mutates the decorated object in place." +msgstr "``@no_type_check`` 将原地改变被装饰的对象。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3102 +msgid "Decorator to give another decorator the :func:`no_type_check` effect." +msgstr "让其他装饰器具有 :func:`no_type_check` 效果的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3104 +msgid "" +"This wraps the decorator with something that wraps the decorated function in" +" :func:`no_type_check`." +msgstr "本装饰器用 :func:`no_type_check` 里的装饰函数打包其他装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3107 +msgid "" +"No type checker ever added support for ``@no_type_check_decorator``. It is " +"therefore deprecated, and will be removed in Python 3.15." +msgstr "" +"``@no_type_check_decorator`` 没有任何类型检查器支持过，所以它被弃用，并将在 Python 3.15 中被移除。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3113 +msgid "" +"Decorator to indicate that a method in a subclass is intended to override a " +"method or attribute in a superclass." +msgstr "该装饰器指明子类中的某个方法是重载超类中的方法或属性。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3116 +msgid "" +"Type checkers should emit an error if a method decorated with ``@override`` " +"does not, in fact, override anything. This helps prevent bugs that may occur" +" when a base class is changed without an equivalent change to a child class." +msgstr "" +"如果一个以 ``@override`` 装饰的方法实际未重载任何东西则类型检查器应当报告错误。 " +"这有助于防止当基类发生修改而子类未进行相应修改而导致的问题。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3123 +msgid "" +"class Base:\n" +" def log_status(self) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class Sub(Base):\n" +" @override\n" +" def log_status(self) -> None: # Okay: overrides Base.log_status\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @override\n" +" def done(self) -> None: # Error reported by type checker\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class Base:\n" +" def log_status(self) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class Sub(Base):\n" +" @override\n" +" def log_status(self) -> None: # 可以：重写 Base.log_status\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @override\n" +" def done(self) -> None: # 类型检查器报告错误\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3138 +msgid "There is no runtime checking of this property." +msgstr "没有对此特征属性的运行时检查。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3140 +msgid "" +"The decorator will attempt to set an ``__override__`` attribute to ``True`` " +"on the decorated object. Thus, a check like ``if getattr(obj, " +"\"__override__\", False)`` can be used at runtime to determine whether an " +"object ``obj`` has been marked as an override. If the decorated object does" +" not support setting attributes, the decorator returns the object unchanged " +"without raising an exception." +msgstr "" +"该装饰器将尝试在被装饰的对象上设置 ``__override__`` 属性为 ``True``。 这样，可以在运行时使用 ``if " +"getattr(obj, \"__override__\", False)`` 这样的检查来确定对象 ``obj`` 是否已被标记为重载。 " +"如果被装饰的对象不支持设置属性，该装饰器将不加修改地返回对象而不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3147 +msgid "See :pep:`698` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节参见 :pep:`698`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3154 +msgid "Decorator to mark a class or function as unavailable at runtime." +msgstr "将类或函数标记为在运行时不可用的装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3156 +msgid "" +"This decorator is itself not available at runtime. It is mainly intended to " +"mark classes that are defined in type stub files if an implementation " +"returns an instance of a private class::" +msgstr "在运行时，该装饰器本身不可用。实现返回的是私有类实例时，它主要是用于标记在类型存根文件中定义的类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3160 +msgid "" +"@type_check_only\n" +"class Response: # private or not available at runtime\n" +" code: int\n" +" def get_header(self, name: str) -> str: ...\n" +"\n" +"def fetch_response() -> Response: ..." +msgstr "" +"@type_check_only\n" +"class Response: # 私有或在运行时不可用\n" +" code: int\n" +" def get_header(self, name: str) -> str: ...\n" +"\n" +"def fetch_response() -> Response: ..." + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3167 +msgid "" +"Note that returning instances of private classes is not recommended. It is " +"usually preferable to make such classes public." +msgstr "注意，建议不要返回私有类实例，最好将之设为公共类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3171 +msgid "Introspection helpers" +msgstr "内省辅助器" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3175 +msgid "" +"Return a dictionary containing type hints for a function, method, module or " +"class object." +msgstr "返回函数、方法、模块、类对象的类型提示的字典。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3178 +msgid "" +"This is often the same as ``obj.__annotations__``, but this function makes " +"the following changes to the annotations dictionary:" +msgstr "该函数通常与 ``obj.__annotations__`` 相同，但会对注解字典进行以下更改：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3181 +msgid "" +"Forward references encoded as string literals or :class:`ForwardRef` objects" +" are handled by evaluating them in *globalns*, *localns*, and (where " +"applicable) *obj*'s :ref:`type parameter ` namespace. If " +"*globalns* or *localns* is not given, appropriate namespace dictionaries are" +" inferred from *obj*." +msgstr "" +"以字符串字面形式或 :class:`ForwardRef` 对象编码的前向引用会在 *globalns*, *localns* 和 (如适用) " +"*obj* 的 :ref:`类型形参 ` 命名空间中求值。如果没有传入 *globalns* 或 *localns*，则会从 " +"*obj* 中推断出适当的命名空间字典。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3186 +msgid "``None`` is replaced with :class:`types.NoneType`." +msgstr "``None`` 被替换为 :class:`types.NoneType`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3187 +msgid "" +"If :func:`@no_type_check ` has been applied to *obj*, an " +"empty dictionary is returned." +msgstr "如果在 *obj* 上应用了 :func:`@no_type_check `，返回一个空字典。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3189 +msgid "" +"If *obj* is a class ``C``, the function returns a dictionary that merges " +"annotations from ``C``'s base classes with those on ``C`` directly. This is " +"done by traversing :attr:`C.__mro__ ` and iteratively " +"combining ``__annotations__`` dictionaries. Annotations on classes appearing" +" earlier in the :term:`method resolution order` always take precedence over " +"annotations on classes appearing later in the method resolution order." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 是一个类 ``C``，则函数返回一个合并了 ``C`` 的基类与 ``C`` 上的基类的字典。 这是通过遍历 " +":attr:`C.__mro__ ` 并迭代地合并 ``__annotations__`` 字典来实现的。 在 " +":term:`method resolution order` 中较早出现的类上的标注总是会优先于在方法解析顺序中较晚出现的类的标注。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3196 +msgid "" +"The function recursively replaces all occurrences of ``Annotated[T, ...]`` " +"with ``T``, unless *include_extras* is set to ``True`` (see " +":class:`Annotated` for more information)." +msgstr "" +"除非 *include_extras* 设置为 ``True``，否则函数会递归地将所有出现的 ``Annotated[T, ...]`` 替换为 " +"``T`` (详见 :class:`Annotated`)。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3200 +msgid "" +"See also :func:`inspect.get_annotations`, a lower-level function that " +"returns annotations more directly." +msgstr "另请参阅 :func:`inspect.get_annotations`，这是一个以更直接方式返回注解的低级函数。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3205 +msgid "" +"If any forward references in the annotations of *obj* are not resolvable or " +"are not valid Python code, this function will raise an exception such as " +":exc:`NameError`. For example, this can happen with imported :ref:`type " +"aliases ` that include forward references, or with names " +"imported under :data:`if TYPE_CHECKING `." +msgstr "" +"如果 *obj* 注解中的任何前向引用不可解析或不是有效的 Python 代码，此函数将引发 :exc:`NameError` 等异常。例如导入的 " +":ref:`类型别名 ` 包含正向引用，或名称在 :data:`if TYPE_CHECKING " +"` 下导入。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3211 +msgid "" +"Added ``include_extras`` parameter as part of :pep:`593`. See the " +"documentation on :data:`Annotated` for more information." +msgstr "" +"增加了作为 :pep:`593` 组成部分的 ``include_extras`` 形参。 请参阅 :data:`Annotated` 文档了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3215 +msgid "" +"Previously, ``Optional[t]`` was added for function and method annotations if" +" a default value equal to ``None`` was set. Now the annotation is returned " +"unchanged." +msgstr "在之前，如果设置了等于 ``None`` 的默认值则会为函数和方法标注添加 ``Optional[t]``。 现在标注将被不加修改地返回。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3222 +msgid "" +"Get the unsubscripted version of a type: for a typing object of the form " +"``X[Y, Z, ...]`` return ``X``." +msgstr "获取一个类型的不带下标的版本：对于 ``X[Y, Z, ...]`` 形式的类型对象将返回 ``X``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3225 +msgid "" +"If ``X`` is a typing-module alias for a builtin or :mod:`collections` class," +" it will be normalized to the original class. If ``X`` is an instance of " +":class:`ParamSpecArgs` or :class:`ParamSpecKwargs`, return the underlying " +":class:`ParamSpec`. Return ``None`` for unsupported objects." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``X`` 是一个内置类型或 :mod:`collections` 类在 typing 模块中的别名，它将被正规化为原始的类。 如果 ``X`` " +"是 :class:`ParamSpecArgs` 或 :class:`ParamSpecKwargs` 的实例，则返回下层的 " +":class:`ParamSpec`。 对于不受支持的对象将返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3231 ../../library/typing.rst:3255 +msgid "Examples:" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3233 +msgid "" +"assert get_origin(str) is None\n" +"assert get_origin(Dict[str, int]) is dict\n" +"assert get_origin(Union[int, str]) is Union\n" +"assert get_origin(Annotated[str, \"metadata\"]) is Annotated\n" +"P = ParamSpec('P')\n" +"assert get_origin(P.args) is P\n" +"assert get_origin(P.kwargs) is P" +msgstr "" +"assert get_origin(str) is None\n" +"assert get_origin(Dict[str, int]) is dict\n" +"assert get_origin(Union[int, str]) is Union\n" +"assert get_origin(Annotated[str, \"metadata\"]) is Annotated\n" +"P = ParamSpec('P')\n" +"assert get_origin(P.args) is P\n" +"assert get_origin(P.kwargs) is P" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3247 +msgid "" +"Get type arguments with all substitutions performed: for a typing object of " +"the form ``X[Y, Z, ...]`` return ``(Y, Z, ...)``." +msgstr "获取已执行所有下标的类型参数：对于 ``X[Y, Z, ...]`` 形式的类型对象将返回 ``(Y, Z, ...)``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3250 +msgid "" +"If ``X`` is a union or :class:`Literal` contained in another generic type, " +"the order of ``(Y, Z, ...)`` may be different from the order of the original" +" arguments ``[Y, Z, ...]`` due to type caching. Return ``()`` for " +"unsupported objects." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``X`` 是一个并集或是包含在另一个泛型类型中的 :class:`Literal`，则 ``(Y, Z, ...)`` " +"的顺序可能因类型缓存而与原始参数 ``[Y, Z, ...]`` 存在差异。 对于不受支持的对象将返回 ``()``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3257 +msgid "" +"assert get_args(int) == ()\n" +"assert get_args(Dict[int, str]) == (int, str)\n" +"assert get_args(Union[int, str]) == (int, str)" +msgstr "" +"assert get_args(int) == ()\n" +"assert get_args(Dict[int, str]) == (int, str)\n" +"assert get_args(Union[int, str]) == (int, str)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3267 +msgid "Return the set of members defined in a :class:`Protocol`." +msgstr "返回 :class:`Protocol` 中定义的成员构成的集合。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3269 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import Protocol, get_protocol_members\n" +">>> class P(Protocol):\n" +"... def a(self) -> str: ...\n" +"... b: int\n" +">>> get_protocol_members(P) == frozenset({'a', 'b'})\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import Protocol, get_protocol_members\n" +">>> class P(Protocol):\n" +"... def a(self) -> str: ...\n" +"... b: int\n" +">>> get_protocol_members(P) == frozenset({'a', 'b'})\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3278 +msgid "Raise :exc:`TypeError` for arguments that are not Protocols." +msgstr "如果参数不是协议，引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3284 +msgid "Determine if a type is a :class:`Protocol`." +msgstr "检查一个类型是否为 :class:`Protocol`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3288 +msgid "" +"class P(Protocol):\n" +" def a(self) -> str: ...\n" +" b: int\n" +"\n" +"is_protocol(P) # => True\n" +"is_protocol(int) # => False" +msgstr "" +"class P(Protocol):\n" +" def a(self) -> str: ...\n" +" b: int\n" +"\n" +"is_protocol(P) # => True\n" +"is_protocol(int) # => False" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3299 +msgid "Check if a type is a :class:`TypedDict`." +msgstr "检查一个类型是否为 :class:`TypedDict`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3303 +msgid "" +"class Film(TypedDict):\n" +" title: str\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"assert is_typeddict(Film)\n" +"assert not is_typeddict(list | str)\n" +"\n" +"# TypedDict is a factory for creating typed dicts,\n" +"# not a typed dict itself\n" +"assert not is_typeddict(TypedDict)" +msgstr "" +"class Film(TypedDict):\n" +" title: str\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"assert is_typeddict(Film)\n" +"assert not is_typeddict(list | str)\n" +"\n" +"# TypedDict 是创建类型化字典的工厂， \n" +"# 不是类型化字典\n" +"assert not is_typeddict(TypedDict)" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3320 +msgid "" +"Class used for internal typing representation of string forward references." +msgstr "用于字符串前向引用的内部类型表示的类。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3322 +msgid "" +"For example, ``List[\"SomeClass\"]`` is implicitly transformed into " +"``List[ForwardRef(\"SomeClass\")]``. ``ForwardRef`` should not be " +"instantiated by a user, but may be used by introspection tools." +msgstr "" +"例如，``List[\"SomeClass\"]`` 会被隐式转换为 ``List[ForwardRef(\"SomeClass\")]``。 " +"``ForwardRef`` 不应由用户来实例化，但可以由内省工具使用。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3327 +msgid "" +":pep:`585` generic types such as ``list[\"SomeClass\"]`` will not be " +"implicitly transformed into ``list[ForwardRef(\"SomeClass\")]`` and thus " +"will not automatically resolve to ``list[SomeClass]``." +msgstr "" +":pep:`585` 泛型类型例如 ``list[\"SomeClass\"]`` 将不会被隐式地转换为 " +"``list[ForwardRef(\"SomeClass\")]`` 因而将不会自动解析为 ``list[SomeClass]``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3335 +msgid "" +"A sentinel object used to indicate that a type parameter has no default " +"value. For example:" +msgstr "一个用于指示类型形参没有默认值的哨兵对象。例如：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3338 +msgid "" +">>> T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +">>> T.__default__ is typing.NoDefault\n" +"True\n" +">>> S = TypeVar(\"S\", default=None)\n" +">>> S.__default__ is None\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> T = TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +">>> T.__default__ is typing.NoDefault\n" +"True\n" +">>> S = TypeVar(\"S\", default=None)\n" +">>> S.__default__ is None\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3350 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3354 +msgid "" +"A special constant that is assumed to be ``True`` by 3rd party static type " +"checkers. It is ``False`` at runtime." +msgstr "会被第 3 方静态类型检查器假定为 ``True`` 的特殊常量。 在运行时将为 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3359 +msgid "" +"if TYPE_CHECKING:\n" +" import expensive_mod\n" +"\n" +"def fun(arg: 'expensive_mod.SomeType') -> None:\n" +" local_var: expensive_mod.AnotherType = other_fun()" +msgstr "" +"if TYPE_CHECKING:\n" +" import expensive_mod\n" +"\n" +"def fun(arg: 'expensive_mod.SomeType') -> None:\n" +" local_var: expensive_mod.AnotherType = other_fun()" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3365 +msgid "" +"The first type annotation must be enclosed in quotes, making it a \"forward " +"reference\", to hide the ``expensive_mod`` reference from the interpreter " +"runtime. Type annotations for local variables are not evaluated, so the " +"second annotation does not need to be enclosed in quotes." +msgstr "" +"第一个类型注解必须用引号标注，才能把它当作“前向引用”，从而在解释器运行时中隐藏 ``expensive_mod`` " +"引用。局部变量的类型注释不会被评估，因此，第二个注解不需要用引号引起来。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3372 +msgid "" +"If ``from __future__ import annotations`` is used, annotations are not " +"evaluated at function definition time. Instead, they are stored as strings " +"in ``__annotations__``. This makes it unnecessary to use quotes around the " +"annotation (see :pep:`563`)." +msgstr "" +"若用了 ``from __future__ import annotations``，函数定义时则不求值注解，直接把注解以字符串形式存在 " +"``__annotations__`` 里。这时毋需为注解打引号（见 :pep:`563`）。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3384 +msgid "Deprecated aliases" +msgstr "一些已被弃用的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3386 +msgid "" +"This module defines several deprecated aliases to pre-existing standard " +"library classes. These were originally included in the typing module in " +"order to support parameterizing these generic classes using ``[]``. However," +" the aliases became redundant in Python 3.9 when the corresponding pre-" +"existing classes were enhanced to support ``[]`` (see :pep:`585`)." +msgstr "" +"本模块给标准库中已有的类定义了许多别名，这些别名现已不再建议使用。起初 typing 模块包含这些别名是为了支持用 ``[]`` " +"来参数化泛型类。然而，在 Python 3.9 中，对应的已有的类也支持了 ``[]`` (参见 :pep:`585`)，因此这些别名了就成了多余的了。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3393 +msgid "" +"The redundant types are deprecated as of Python 3.9. However, while the " +"aliases may be removed at some point, removal of these aliases is not " +"currently planned. As such, no deprecation warnings are currently issued by " +"the interpreter for these aliases." +msgstr "" +"这些多余的类型从 Python 3.9 " +"起被弃用。然而，虽然它们可能会在某一时刻被移除，但目前还没有移除它们的计划。因此，解释器目前不会对这些别名发出弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3398 +msgid "" +"If at some point it is decided to remove these deprecated aliases, a " +"deprecation warning will be issued by the interpreter for at least two " +"releases prior to removal. The aliases are guaranteed to remain in the " +"typing module without deprecation warnings until at least Python 3.14." +msgstr "" +"一旦确定了何时这些别名将被移除，解释器将比正式移除之时提前至少两个版本发出弃用警告 (deprecation warning)。但保证至少在 " +"Python 3.14 之前，这些别名仍会留在 typing 模块中，并且不会引发弃用警告。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3403 +msgid "" +"Type checkers are encouraged to flag uses of the deprecated types if the " +"program they are checking targets a minimum Python version of 3.9 or newer." +msgstr "如果被类型检查器检查的程序旨在运行于 Python 3.9 或更高版本，则鼓励类型检查器标记出这些不建议使用的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3409 +msgid "Aliases to built-in types" +msgstr "内置类型的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3413 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`dict`." +msgstr ":class:`dict` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3415 +msgid "" +"Note that to annotate arguments, it is preferred to use an abstract " +"collection type such as :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` rather than to use" +" :class:`dict` or :class:`!typing.Dict`." +msgstr "" +"请注意，注释参数时，最好使用抽象的多项集类型，如 :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping`，而不是使用 " +":class:`dict` 或 :class:`!typing.Dict`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3419 +msgid "" +":class:`builtins.dict ` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`builtins.dict ` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3425 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`list`." +msgstr ":class:`list` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3427 +msgid "" +"Note that to annotate arguments, it is preferred to use an abstract " +"collection type such as :class:`~collections.abc.Sequence` or " +":class:`~collections.abc.Iterable` rather than to use :class:`list` or " +":class:`!typing.List`." +msgstr "" +"请注意，注释参数时，最好使用抽象的多项集类型，如 :class:`~collections.abc.Sequence` 或 " +":class:`~collections.abc.Iterable`，而不是使用 :class:`list` 或 " +":class:`!typing.List`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3432 +msgid "" +":class:`builtins.list ` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`builtins.list ` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3438 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`builtins.set `." +msgstr ":class:`builtins.set ` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3440 +msgid "" +"Note that to annotate arguments, it is preferred to use an abstract " +"collection type such as :class:`collections.abc.Set` rather than to use " +":class:`set` or :class:`typing.Set`." +msgstr "" +"请注意，注释参数时，最好使用抽象的多项集类型，如 :class:`collections.abc.Set`，而不是使用 :class:`set` 或 " +":class:`typing.Set`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3444 +msgid "" +":class:`builtins.set ` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`builtins.set ` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 :ref:`types-" +"genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3450 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`builtins.frozenset `." +msgstr ":class:`builtins.frozenset ` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3452 +msgid "" +":class:`builtins.frozenset ` now supports subscripting (``[]``). " +"See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`builtins.frozenset ` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3459 +msgid "Deprecated alias for :class:`tuple`." +msgstr ":class:`tuple` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3461 +msgid "" +":class:`tuple` and ``Tuple`` are special-cased in the type system; see " +":ref:`annotating-tuples` for more details." +msgstr "" +":class:`tuple` 和 ``Tuple`` 是类型系统中的特例；更多详细信息请参见 :ref:`annotating-tuples`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3464 +msgid "" +":class:`builtins.tuple ` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`builtins.tuple ` 现在支持下标操作（``[]``）。参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3470 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`type`." +msgstr ":class:`type` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3472 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`type-of-class-objects` for details on using :class:`type` or " +"``typing.Type`` in type annotations." +msgstr "" +"有关在类型注解中使用 :class:`type` 或 ``typing.Type`` 的详细信息，请参阅 :ref:`type-of-class-" +"objects` 。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3477 +msgid "" +":class:`builtins.type ` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`builtins.type ` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3484 +msgid "Aliases to types in :mod:`collections`" +msgstr ":mod:`collections` 中的类型的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3488 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.defaultdict`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.defaultdict` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3492 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.defaultdict` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.defaultdict` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3498 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.OrderedDict`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.OrderedDict` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3502 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.OrderedDict` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.OrderedDict` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3508 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.ChainMap`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.ChainMap` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3512 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.ChainMap` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.ChainMap` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3518 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.Counter`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.Counter` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3522 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.Counter` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.Counter` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 :ref:`types-" +"genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3528 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.deque`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.deque` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3532 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.deque` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.deque` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 :ref:`types-" +"genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3539 +msgid "Aliases to other concrete types" +msgstr "其他具体类型的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3544 +msgid "" +"Deprecated aliases corresponding to the return types from :func:`re.compile`" +" and :func:`re.match`." +msgstr ":func:`re.compile` 和 :func:`re.match` 的返回类型的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3547 +msgid "" +"These types (and the corresponding functions) are generic over " +":data:`AnyStr`. ``Pattern`` can be specialised as ``Pattern[str]`` or " +"``Pattern[bytes]``; ``Match`` can be specialised as ``Match[str]`` or " +"``Match[bytes]``." +msgstr "" +"这些类型（与对应的函数）是 :data:`AnyStr` 上的泛型。 ``Pattern`` 可以被特化为 ``Pattern[str]`` 或 " +"``Pattern[bytes]``；``Match`` 可以被特化为 ``Match[str]`` 或 ``Match[bytes]``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3552 +msgid "" +"Classes ``Pattern`` and ``Match`` from :mod:`re` now support ``[]``. See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`re` 模块中的 ``Pattern`` 与 ``Match`` 类现已支持 ``[]``。详见 :pep:`585` 与 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3558 +msgid "Deprecated alias for :class:`str`." +msgstr ":class:`str` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3560 +msgid "" +"``Text`` is provided to supply a forward compatible path for Python 2 code: " +"in Python 2, ``Text`` is an alias for ``unicode``." +msgstr "" +"``Text`` 被用来为 Python 2 代码提供向上兼容的路径：在 Python 2 中，``Text`` 是 ``unicode`` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3564 +msgid "" +"Use ``Text`` to indicate that a value must contain a unicode string in a " +"manner that is compatible with both Python 2 and Python 3::" +msgstr "使用 ``Text`` 时，值中必须包含 unicode 字符串，以兼容 Python 2 和 Python 3：" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3567 +msgid "" +"def add_unicode_checkmark(text: Text) -> Text:\n" +" return text + u' \\u2713'" +msgstr "" +"def add_unicode_checkmark(text: Text) -> Text:\n" +" return text + u' \\u2713'" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3572 +msgid "" +"Python 2 is no longer supported, and most type checkers also no longer " +"support type checking Python 2 code. Removal of the alias is not currently " +"planned, but users are encouraged to use :class:`str` instead of ``Text``." +msgstr "" +"Python 2 已不再受支持，并且大部分类型检查器也都不再支持 Python 2 代码的类型检查。 目前还没有计划移除该别名，但建议用户使用 " +":class:`str` 来代替 ``Text``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3582 +msgid "Aliases to container ABCs in :mod:`collections.abc`" +msgstr ":mod:`collections.abc` 中容器 ABC 的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3586 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Set`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Set` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3588 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Set` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Set` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 :ref:`types-" +"genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3594 +msgid "" +"This type represents the types :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, and " +":class:`memoryview` of byte sequences." +msgstr "该类型代表了 :class:`bytes`、:class:`bytearray`、:class:`memoryview` 等字节序列类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3597 +msgid "" +"Prefer :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`, or a union like ``bytes | bytearray " +"| memoryview``." +msgstr "" +"首选 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`，或是 ``bytes | bytearray | memoryview`` " +"这样的并集。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3602 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Collection`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Collection` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3606 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Collection` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Collection` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3612 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Container`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Container` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3614 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Container` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Container` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3620 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.ItemsView`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.ItemsView` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3622 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.ItemsView` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.ItemsView` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3628 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.KeysView`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.KeysView` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3630 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.KeysView` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.KeysView` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3636 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3638 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Mapping` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3644 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.MappingView`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MappingView` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3646 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.MappingView` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See" +" :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.MappingView` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3652 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3654 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` now supports subscripting (``[]``). " +"See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3661 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3663 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` now supports subscripting (``[]``)." +" See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3670 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.MutableSet`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSet` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3672 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.MutableSet` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.MutableSet` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3678 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3680 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3686 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.ValuesView`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.ValuesView` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3688 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.ValuesView` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.ValuesView` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3695 +msgid "Aliases to asynchronous ABCs in :mod:`collections.abc`" +msgstr ":mod:`collections.abc` 中异步 ABC 的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3699 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Coroutine`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3701 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines` for details on using " +":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine` and ``typing.Coroutine`` in type " +"annotations." +msgstr "" +"有关在注解类型中使用 :class:`collections.abc.Coroutine` 和 ``typing.Coroutine`` " +"的详细信息，请参见 :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3707 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine` 现在支持下标操作（``[]``）。参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3713 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3715 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines` for details on using " +":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` and ``typing.AsyncGenerator`` in " +"type annotations." +msgstr "" +"有关在注解类型中使用 :class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` 和 " +"``typing.AsyncGenerator`` 的详细信息，请参见 :ref:`annotating-generators-and-" +"coroutines`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3721 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` now supports subscripting (``[]``). " +"See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` 现在支持下标操作（``[]``）。参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3726 +msgid "The ``SendType`` parameter now has a default." +msgstr "``SendType`` 形参现在有默认值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3731 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3735 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable` now supports subscripting (``[]``). " +"See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3741 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3745 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator` now supports subscripting (``[]``). " +"See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3751 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Awaitable`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Awaitable` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3755 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Awaitable` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Awaitable` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3762 +msgid "Aliases to other ABCs in :mod:`collections.abc`" +msgstr ":mod:`collections.abc` 中其他 ABC 的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3766 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Iterable`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Iterable` 的已弃用的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3768 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Iterable` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Iterable` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3774 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Iterator`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Iterator` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3776 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Iterator` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Iterator` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3782 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Callable`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Callable` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3784 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-callables` for details on how to use " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` and ``typing.Callable`` in type " +"annotations." +msgstr "" +"有关如何在类型标注中使用 :class:`collections.abc.Callable` 和 ``typing.Callable`` " +"的详细信息请参阅 :ref:`annotating-callables`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3787 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` 现在支持下标操作（``[]``）。参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3797 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Generator`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Generator` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3799 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines` for details on using " +":class:`collections.abc.Generator` and ``typing.Generator`` in type " +"annotations." +msgstr "" +"有关在注解类型中使用 :class:`collections.abc.Generator` 和 ``typing.Generator`` " +"的详细信息，请参见 :ref:`annotating-generators-and-coroutines`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3803 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Generator` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Generator` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3807 +msgid "Default values for the send and return types were added." +msgstr "添加了发送和返回类型的默认值。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3812 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Hashable`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Hashable` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3814 +msgid "Use :class:`collections.abc.Hashable` directly instead." +msgstr "请改为直接使用 :class:`collections.abc.Hashable`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3819 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Reversible`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Reversible` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3821 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Reversible` now supports subscripting (``[]``). See " +":pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.abc.Reversible` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` 和 " +":ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3827 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`collections.abc.Sized`." +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Sized` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3829 +msgid "Use :class:`collections.abc.Sized` directly instead." +msgstr "请改为直接使用 :class:`collections.abc.Sized`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3835 +msgid "Aliases to :mod:`contextlib` ABCs" +msgstr ":mod:`contextlib` ABC 的别名" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3839 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager`." +msgstr ":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3841 +msgid "" +"The first type parameter, ``T_co``, represents the type returned by the " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` method. The optional second type parameter, " +"``ExitT_co``, which defaults to ``bool | None``, represents the type " +"returned by the :meth:`~object.__exit__` method." +msgstr "" +"第一个类型形参 ``T_co`` 表示 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法返回值的类型。可选的第二个类型形参 " +"``ExitT_co`` 默认为 ``bool | None``，它表示 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法返回的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3848 +msgid "" +":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` now supports subscripting " +"(``[]``). See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` 现在支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 :pep:`585` " +"和 :ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3853 +msgid "Added the optional second type parameter, ``ExitT_co``." +msgstr "添加了可选的第二个类型形参，``ExitT_co``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3858 +msgid "Deprecated alias to :class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager`." +msgstr ":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager` 的已弃用的别名。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3860 +msgid "" +"The first type parameter, ``T_co``, represents the type returned by the " +":meth:`~object.__aenter__` method. The optional second type parameter, " +"``AExitT_co``, which defaults to ``bool | None``, represents the type " +"returned by the :meth:`~object.__aexit__` method." +msgstr "" +"第一个类型形参 ``T_co`` 表示 :meth:`~object.__aenter__` 方法返回值的类型。可选的第二个类型形参 " +"``AExitT_co`` 默认为 ``bool | None``，它表示 :meth:`~object.__aexit__` 方法返回的类型。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3867 +msgid "" +":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager` now supports subscripting " +"(``[]``). See :pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." +msgstr "" +":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager` 现在 支持下标操作 (``[]``)。 参见 " +":pep:`585` 和 :ref:`types-genericalias`。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3872 +msgid "Added the optional second type parameter, ``AExitT_co``." +msgstr "添加了可选的第二个类型形参，``AExitT_co``。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3876 +msgid "Deprecation Timeline of Major Features" +msgstr "主要特性的弃用时间线" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3878 +msgid "" +"Certain features in ``typing`` are deprecated and may be removed in a future" +" version of Python. The following table summarizes major deprecations for " +"your convenience. This is subject to change, and not all deprecations are " +"listed." +msgstr "" +"``typing`` 的某些特性被弃用，并且可能在将来的 Python " +"版本中被移除。下表总结了主要的弃用特性。该表可能会被更改，而且并没有列出所有的弃用特性。" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3885 +msgid "Feature" +msgstr "特性" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3886 +msgid "Deprecated in" +msgstr "弃用于" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3887 +msgid "Projected removal" +msgstr "计划移除" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3888 +msgid "PEP/issue" +msgstr "PEP/问题" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3889 +msgid "``typing`` versions of standard collections" +msgstr "标准容器的 ``typing`` 版本" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3890 ../../library/typing.rst:3894 +msgid "3.9" +msgstr "3.9" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3891 +msgid "Undecided (see :ref:`deprecated-aliases` for more information)" +msgstr "未定（请参阅 :ref:`deprecated-aliases` 了解详情）" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3892 +msgid ":pep:`585`" +msgstr ":pep:`585`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3893 +msgid ":class:`typing.ByteString`" +msgstr ":class:`typing.ByteString`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3895 +msgid "3.14" +msgstr "3.14" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3896 +msgid ":gh:`91896`" +msgstr ":gh:`91896`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3897 +msgid ":data:`typing.Text`" +msgstr ":data:`typing.Text`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3898 +msgid "3.11" +msgstr "3.11" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3899 ../../library/typing.rst:3903 +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3907 +msgid "Undecided" +msgstr "未确定" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3900 +msgid ":gh:`92332`" +msgstr ":gh:`92332`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3901 +msgid ":class:`typing.Hashable` and :class:`typing.Sized`" +msgstr ":class:`typing.Hashable` 和 :class:`typing.Sized`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3902 ../../library/typing.rst:3906 +msgid "3.12" +msgstr "3.12" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3904 +msgid ":gh:`94309`" +msgstr ":gh:`94309`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3905 +msgid ":data:`typing.TypeAlias`" +msgstr ":data:`typing.TypeAlias`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3908 +msgid ":pep:`695`" +msgstr ":pep:`695`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3909 +msgid ":func:`@typing.no_type_check_decorator `" +msgstr ":func:`@typing.no_type_check_decorator `" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3910 ../../library/typing.rst:3914 +msgid "3.13" +msgstr "3.13" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3911 +msgid "3.15" +msgstr "3.15" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3912 +msgid ":gh:`106309`" +msgstr ":gh:`106309`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3913 +msgid ":data:`typing.AnyStr`" +msgstr ":data:`typing.AnyStr`" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3915 +msgid "3.18" +msgstr "3.18" + +#: ../../library/typing.rst:3916 +msgid ":gh:`105578`" +msgstr ":gh:`105578`" diff --git a/library/undoc.po b/library/undoc.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6761b6389 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/undoc.po @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-06-29 12:56+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Alpha Du , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:5 +msgid "Undocumented Modules" +msgstr "未创建文档的模块" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Here's a quick listing of modules that are currently undocumented, but that " +"should be documented. Feel free to contribute documentation for them! " +"(Send via email to docs@python.org.)" +msgstr "以下是应当记入文档但是目前尚无文档的模块速览列表。 欢迎大家为它们贡献文档！ （发送电子邮件到 docs@python.org ）" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The idea and original contents for this chapter were taken from a posting by" +" Fredrik Lundh; the specific contents of this chapter have been " +"substantially revised." +msgstr "本章的想法和原内容取自 Fredrik Lundh 的帖子；本章的具体内容已经大幅修改。" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:17 +msgid "Platform specific modules" +msgstr "平台特定模块" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:19 +msgid "" +"These modules are used to implement the :mod:`os.path` module, and are not " +"documented beyond this mention. There's little need to document these." +msgstr "这些模块用于实现 :mod:`os.path` 模块，除此之外没有文档。几乎没有必要创建这些文档。" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:23 +msgid ":mod:`ntpath`" +msgstr ":mod:`ntpath`" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:23 +msgid "--- Implementation of :mod:`os.path` on Win32 and Win64 platforms." +msgstr "--- 在 Win32 和 Win64 平台上实现 :mod:`os.path` 。" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:25 +msgid ":mod:`posixpath`" +msgstr ":mod:`posixpath`" + +#: ../../library/undoc.rst:26 +msgid "--- Implementation of :mod:`os.path` on POSIX." +msgstr "--- 在 POSIX 上实现 :mod:`os.path` 。" diff --git a/library/unicodedata.po b/library/unicodedata.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2344e45b --- /dev/null +++ b/library/unicodedata.po @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!unicodedata` --- Unicode Database" +msgstr ":mod:`!unicodedata` --- Unicode 数据库" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This module provides access to the Unicode Character Database (UCD) which " +"defines character properties for all Unicode characters. The data contained " +"in this database is compiled from the `UCD version 15.1.0 " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了对 Unicode Character Database (UCD) 的访问，其中定义了所有 Unicode 字符的字符属性。 " +"此数据库中包含的数据编译自 `UCD 版本 15.1.0 `_。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The module uses the same names and symbols as defined by Unicode Standard " +"Annex #44, `\"Unicode Character Database\" " +"`_. It defines the following " +"functions:" +msgstr "" +"该模块使用与 Unicode 标准附件 #44 `“Unicode 字符数据库” " +"`_ 中所定义的相同名称和符号。 它定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Look up character by name. If a character with the given name is found, " +"return the corresponding character. If not found, :exc:`KeyError` is " +"raised." +msgstr "按名称查找字符。如果找到具有给定名称的字符，则返回相应的字符。 如果没有找到，则 :exc:`KeyError` 被引发。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:34 +msgid "Support for name aliases [#]_ and named sequences [#]_ has been added." +msgstr "已添加对名称别名 [#]_ 和命名序列 [#]_ 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Returns the name assigned to the character *chr* as a string. If no name is " +"defined, *default* is returned, or, if not given, :exc:`ValueError` is " +"raised." +msgstr "" +"返回分配给字符 *chr* 的名称作为字符串。如果没有定义名称，则返回 *default* ，如果没有给出，则 :exc:`ValueError` " +"被引发。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:47 +msgid "" +"Returns the decimal value assigned to the character *chr* as integer. If no " +"such value is defined, *default* is returned, or, if not given, " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"返回分配给字符 *chr* 的十进制值作为整数。 如果没有定义这样的值，则返回 *default* ，如果没有给出，则 " +":exc:`ValueError` 被引发。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Returns the digit value assigned to the character *chr* as integer. If no " +"such value is defined, *default* is returned, or, if not given, " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"返回分配给字符 *chr* 的数字值作为整数。 如果没有定义这样的值，则返回 *default* ，如果没有给出，则 :exc:`ValueError`" +" 被引发。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Returns the numeric value assigned to the character *chr* as float. If no " +"such value is defined, *default* is returned, or, if not given, " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"返回分配给字符 *chr* 的数值作为浮点数。 如果没有定义这样的值，则返回 *default* ，如果没有给出，则 :exc:`ValueError`" +" 被引发。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Returns the general category assigned to the character *chr* as string." +msgstr "返回分配给字符 *chr* 的常规类别为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Returns the bidirectional class assigned to the character *chr* as string. " +"If no such value is defined, an empty string is returned." +msgstr "返回分配给字符 *chr* 的双向类作为字符串。如果未定义此类值，则返回空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Returns the canonical combining class assigned to the character *chr* as " +"integer. Returns ``0`` if no combining class is defined." +msgstr "返回分配给字符 *chr* 的规范组合类作为整数。如果没有定义组合类，则返回 ``0`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Returns the east asian width assigned to the character *chr* as string." +msgstr "返回分配给字符 *chr* 的东亚宽度作为字符串。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Returns the mirrored property assigned to the character *chr* as integer. " +"Returns ``1`` if the character has been identified as a \"mirrored\" " +"character in bidirectional text, ``0`` otherwise." +msgstr "返回分配给字符 *chr* 的镜像属性为整数。如果字符在双向文本中被识别为“镜像”字符，则返回 ``1`` ，否则返回 ``0`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Returns the character decomposition mapping assigned to the character *chr* " +"as string. An empty string is returned in case no such mapping is defined." +msgstr "返回分配给字符 *chr* 的字符分解映射作为字符串。如果未定义此类映射，则返回空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Return the normal form *form* for the Unicode string *unistr*. Valid values " +"for *form* are 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', and 'NFKD'." +msgstr "" +"返回 Unicode 字符串 *unistr* 的正常形式 *form* 。 *form* 的有效值为 'NFC' 、 'NFKC' 、 'NFD' 和" +" 'NFKD' 。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The Unicode standard defines various normalization forms of a Unicode " +"string, based on the definition of canonical equivalence and compatibility " +"equivalence. In Unicode, several characters can be expressed in various way." +" For example, the character U+00C7 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA) can" +" also be expressed as the sequence U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C) U+0327 " +"(COMBINING CEDILLA)." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 标准基于规范等价和兼容性等效的定义定义了 Unicode 字符串的各种规范化形式。在 Unicode 中，可以以各种方式表示多个字符。 " +"例如，字符 U+00C7 （带有 CEDILLA 的 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C ）也可以表示为序列 U+0043（ LATIN " +"CAPITAL LETTER C ）U+0327（ COMBINING CEDILLA ）。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:115 +msgid "" +"For each character, there are two normal forms: normal form C and normal " +"form D. Normal form D (NFD) is also known as canonical decomposition, and " +"translates each character into its decomposed form. Normal form C (NFC) " +"first applies a canonical decomposition, then composes pre-combined " +"characters again." +msgstr "" +"对于每个字符，有两种正规形式：正规形式 C 和正规形式 D 。正规形式D（NFD）也称为规范分解，并将每个字符转换为其分解形式。 " +"正规形式C（NFC）首先应用规范分解，然后再次组合预组合字符。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:120 +msgid "" +"In addition to these two forms, there are two additional normal forms based " +"on compatibility equivalence. In Unicode, certain characters are supported " +"which normally would be unified with other characters. For example, U+2160 " +"(ROMAN NUMERAL ONE) is really the same thing as U+0049 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER" +" I). However, it is supported in Unicode for compatibility with existing " +"character sets (e.g. gb2312)." +msgstr "" +"除了这两种形式之外，还有两种基于兼容性等效的其他常规形式。 在 Unicode 中，支持某些字符，这些字符通常与其他字符统一。 例如， " +"U+2160（ROMAN NUMERAL ONE）与 U+0049（LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I）完全相同。 但是， Unicode " +"支持它与现有字符集（例如 gb2312 ）的兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:127 +msgid "" +"The normal form KD (NFKD) will apply the compatibility decomposition, i.e. " +"replace all compatibility characters with their equivalents. The normal form" +" KC (NFKC) first applies the compatibility decomposition, followed by the " +"canonical composition." +msgstr "正规形式KD（NFKD）将应用兼容性分解，即用其等价项替换所有兼容性字符。 正规形式KC（NFKC）首先应用兼容性分解，然后是规范组合。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:132 +msgid "" +"Even if two unicode strings are normalized and look the same to a human " +"reader, if one has combining characters and the other doesn't, they may not " +"compare equal." +msgstr "即使两个 unicode 字符串被规范化并且人类读者看起来相同，如果一个具有组合字符而另一个没有，则它们可能无法相等。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Return whether the Unicode string *unistr* is in the normal form *form*. " +"Valid values for *form* are 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', and 'NFKD'." +msgstr "" +"判断 Unicode 字符串 *unistr* 是否为正规形式 *form*。 *form* 的有效值为 'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD' 和 " +"'NFKD'。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:144 +msgid "In addition, the module exposes the following constant:" +msgstr "此外，该模块暴露了以下常量：" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:148 +msgid "The version of the Unicode database used in this module." +msgstr "此模块中使用的 Unicode 数据库的版本。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:153 +msgid "" +"This is an object that has the same methods as the entire module, but uses " +"the Unicode database version 3.2 instead, for applications that require this" +" specific version of the Unicode database (such as IDNA)." +msgstr "" +"这是一个与整个模块具有相同方法的对象，但对于需要此特定版本的 Unicode 数据库（如 IDNA ）的应用程序，则使用 Unicode 数据库版本 " +"3.2 。" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:157 +msgid "Examples:" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:177 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:178 +msgid "https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt" +msgstr "https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:180 +msgid "https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt" +msgstr "https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:11 +msgid "Unicode" +msgstr "Unicode" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:11 +msgid "character" +msgstr "字符" + +#: ../../library/unicodedata.rst:11 +msgid "database" +msgstr "数据库" diff --git a/library/unittest.mock-examples.po b/library/unittest.mock-examples.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..022e519cb --- /dev/null +++ b/library/unittest.mock-examples.po @@ -0,0 +1,1745 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# kevin wong , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-15 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!unittest.mock` --- getting started" +msgstr ":mod:`!unittest.mock` --- 新手入门" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:27 +msgid "Using Mock" +msgstr "使用 mock" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:30 +msgid "Mock Patching Methods" +msgstr "模拟方法调用" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:32 +msgid "Common uses for :class:`Mock` objects include:" +msgstr "使用 :class:`Mock` 的常见场景：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:34 +msgid "Patching methods" +msgstr "模拟函数调用" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:35 +msgid "Recording method calls on objects" +msgstr "记录在对象上的方法调用" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:37 +msgid "" +"You might want to replace a method on an object to check that it is called " +"with the correct arguments by another part of the system:" +msgstr "你可能需要替换一个对象上的方法，用于确认此方法被系统中的其他部分调用过，并且调用时使用了正确的参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Once our mock has been used (``real.method`` in this example) it has methods" +" and attributes that allow you to make assertions about how it has been " +"used." +msgstr "使用了 mock (本例中的 ``real.method``) 之后，它有方法和属性可以让你针对它是被如何使用的下断言。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:50 +msgid "" +"In most of these examples the :class:`Mock` and :class:`MagicMock` classes " +"are interchangeable. As the ``MagicMock`` is the more capable class it makes" +" a sensible one to use by default." +msgstr "" +"在多数示例中，:class:`Mock` 与 :class:`MagicMock` 两个类可以相互替换，而 ``MagicMock`` " +"是一个更适用的类，通常情况下，使用它就可以了。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Once the mock has been called its :attr:`~Mock.called` attribute is set to " +"``True``. More importantly we can use the :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` " +"or :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with` method to check that it was called " +"with the correct arguments." +msgstr "" +"如果 mock 被调用，它的 :attr:`~Mock.called` 属性就会变成 ``True``，更重要的是，我们可以使用 " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` 或者 :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with` " +"方法来确认它在被调用时使用了正确的参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:59 +msgid "" +"This example tests that calling ``ProductionClass().method`` results in a " +"call to the ``something`` method:" +msgstr "在如下的测试示例中，验证对于 ``ProductionClass().method`` 的调用会导致 ``something`` 的调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:76 +msgid "Mock for Method Calls on an Object" +msgstr "对象上的方法调用的 mock" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:78 +msgid "" +"In the last example we patched a method directly on an object to check that " +"it was called correctly. Another common use case is to pass an object into a" +" method (or some part of the system under test) and then check that it is " +"used in the correct way." +msgstr "" +"上一个例子中我们直接在对象上给方法打补丁以检查它是否被正确地调用。 " +"另一个常见的用例是将一个对象传给一个方法（或被测试系统的某个部分）然后检查它是否以正确的方式被使用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:83 +msgid "" +"The simple ``ProductionClass`` below has a ``closer`` method. If it is " +"called with an object then it calls ``close`` on it." +msgstr "" +"下面这个简单的 ``ProductionClass`` 具有一个 ``closer`` 方法。 如果它附带一个对象被调用那么它就会调用其中的 " +"``close``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:91 +msgid "" +"So to test it we need to pass in an object with a ``close`` method and check" +" that it was called correctly." +msgstr "所以为了测试它我们需要传入一个带有 ``close`` 方法的对象并检查它是否被正确地调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:99 +msgid "" +"We don't have to do any work to provide the 'close' method on our mock. " +"Accessing close creates it. So, if 'close' hasn't already been called then " +"accessing it in the test will create it, but " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` will raise a failure exception." +msgstr "" +"我们不需要做任何事来在我们的 mock 上提供 'close' 方法。 访问 close 的操作就会创建它。 因此，如果 'close' " +"还未被调用那么在测试时访问它就将创建它，但是 :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` 则会引发一个失败的异常。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:106 +msgid "Mocking Classes" +msgstr "模拟类" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:108 +msgid "" +"A common use case is to mock out classes instantiated by your code under " +"test. When you patch a class, then that class is replaced with a mock. " +"Instances are created by *calling the class*. This means you access the " +"\"mock instance\" by looking at the return value of the mocked class." +msgstr "" +"一个常见的用例是模拟被测试的代码所实例化的类。 当你给一个类打上补丁，该类就会被替换为一个 mock。 实例是通过 *调用该类* 来创建的。 " +"这意味着你要通过查看被模拟类的返回值来访问“mock 实例”。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:113 +msgid "" +"In the example below we have a function ``some_function`` that instantiates " +"``Foo`` and calls a method on it. The call to :func:`patch` replaces the " +"class ``Foo`` with a mock. The ``Foo`` instance is the result of calling the" +" mock, so it is configured by modifying the mock :attr:`~Mock.return_value`." +" ::" +msgstr "" +"在下面的例子中我们有一个函数 ``some_function`` 实例化了 ``Foo`` 并调用该实例中的一个方法。 对 :func:`patch` " +"的调用会将类 ``Foo`` 替换为一个 mock。 ``Foo`` 实例是调用该 mock 的结果，所以它是通过修改 " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value` 来配置的。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:118 +msgid "" +">>> def some_function():\n" +"... instance = module.Foo()\n" +"... return instance.method()\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('module.Foo') as mock:\n" +"... instance = mock.return_value\n" +"... instance.method.return_value = 'the result'\n" +"... result = some_function()\n" +"... assert result == 'the result'" +msgstr "" +">>> def some_function():\n" +"... instance = module.Foo()\n" +"... return instance.method()\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('module.Foo') as mock:\n" +"... instance = mock.return_value\n" +"... instance.method.return_value = 'the result'\n" +"... result = some_function()\n" +"... assert result == 'the result'" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:130 +msgid "Naming your mocks" +msgstr "命名你的 mock" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:132 +msgid "" +"It can be useful to give your mocks a name. The name is shown in the repr of" +" the mock and can be helpful when the mock appears in test failure messages." +" The name is also propagated to attributes or methods of the mock:" +msgstr "" +"给你的 mock 起个名字可能会很有用。 名字会显示在 mock 的 repr 中并在 mock 出现于测试失败消息中时可以帮助理解。 " +"这个名字也会被传播给 mock 的属性或方法:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:144 +msgid "Tracking all Calls" +msgstr "追踪所有的调用" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Often you want to track more than a single call to a method. The " +":attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` attribute records all calls to child attributes of " +"the mock - and also to their children." +msgstr "" +"通常你会想要追踪对某个方法的多次调用。 :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` 属性记录了所有对 mock 的子属性的调用 —— " +"并且还包括对它们的子属性的调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:158 +msgid "" +"If you make an assertion about ``mock_calls`` and any unexpected methods " +"have been called, then the assertion will fail. This is useful because as " +"well as asserting that the calls you expected have been made, you are also " +"checking that they were made in the right order and with no additional " +"calls:" +msgstr "" +"如果你做了一个有关 ``mock_calls`` 的断言并且有任何非预期的方法被调用，则断言将失败。 " +"这很有用处，因为除了断言你所预期的调用已被执行，你还会检查它们是否以正确的顺序被执行并且没有额外的调用:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:163 +msgid "" +"You use the :data:`call` object to construct lists for comparing with " +"``mock_calls``:" +msgstr "你使用 :data:`call` 对象来构造列表以便与 ``mock_calls`` 进行比较:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:170 +msgid "" +"However, parameters to calls that return mocks are not recorded, which means" +" it is not possible to track nested calls where the parameters used to " +"create ancestors are important:" +msgstr "然而，返回 mock 的调用的形参不会被记录，这意味着不可能追踪附带了重要形参的创建上级对象的嵌套调用:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:181 +msgid "Setting Return Values and Attributes" +msgstr "设置返回值和属性" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:183 +msgid "Setting the return values on a mock object is trivially easy:" +msgstr "在 mock 对象上设置返回值是非常容易的:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:190 +msgid "Of course you can do the same for methods on the mock:" +msgstr "当然你也可以对 mock 上的方法做同样的操作:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:197 +msgid "The return value can also be set in the constructor:" +msgstr "返回值也可以在构造器中设置:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:203 +msgid "If you need an attribute setting on your mock, just do it:" +msgstr "如果你需要在你的 mock 上设置一个属性，只需这样做:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:210 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want to mock up a more complex situation, like for example " +"``mock.connection.cursor().execute(\"SELECT 1\")``. If we wanted this call " +"to return a list, then we have to configure the result of the nested call." +msgstr "" +"有时你会想要模拟更复杂的情况，例如这个例子 ``mock.connection.cursor().execute(\"SELECT 1\")``。 " +"如果我们希望这个调用返回一个列表，那么我们还必须配置嵌套调用的结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:214 +msgid "" +"We can use :data:`call` to construct the set of calls in a \"chained call\" " +"like this for easy assertion afterwards:" +msgstr "我们可以像这样使用 :data:`call` 在一个“链式调用”中构造调用集合以便随后方便地设置断言:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:228 +msgid "" +"It is the call to ``.call_list()`` that turns our call object into a list of" +" calls representing the chained calls." +msgstr "对 ``.call_list()`` 的调用会将我们的调用对象转成一个代表链式调用的调用列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:233 +msgid "Raising exceptions with mocks" +msgstr "通过 mock 引发异常" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:235 +msgid "" +"A useful attribute is :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`. If you set this to an " +"exception class or instance then the exception will be raised when the mock " +"is called." +msgstr "" +"一个很有用的属性是 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`。 如果你将该属性设为一个异常类或者实例那么当 mock " +"被调用时该异常将会被引发。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:247 +msgid "Side effect functions and iterables" +msgstr "附带影响函数和可迭代对象" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:249 +msgid "" +"``side_effect`` can also be set to a function or an iterable. The use case " +"for ``side_effect`` as an iterable is where your mock is going to be called " +"several times, and you want each call to return a different value. When you " +"set ``side_effect`` to an iterable every call to the mock returns the next " +"value from the iterable:" +msgstr "" +"``side_effect`` 也可以被设为一个函数或可迭代对象。 ``side_effect`` 作为可迭代对象的应用场景适用于你的 mock " +"将要被多次调用，并且你希望每次调用都返回不同的值的情况。 当你将 ``side_effect`` 设为一个可迭代对象时每次对 mock " +"的调用将返回可迭代对象的下一个值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:264 +msgid "" +"For more advanced use cases, like dynamically varying the return values " +"depending on what the mock is called with, ``side_effect`` can be a " +"function. The function will be called with the same arguments as the mock. " +"Whatever the function returns is what the call returns:" +msgstr "" +"对于更高级的用例，例如根据 mock 调用时附带的参数动态改变返回值，``side_effect`` 可以指定一个函数。 该函数将附带与 mock " +"相同的参数被调用。 该函数所返回的就是调用所返回的对象:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:281 +msgid "Mocking asynchronous iterators" +msgstr "模拟异步迭代器" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.8, ``AsyncMock`` and ``MagicMock`` have support to mock " +":ref:`async-iterators` through ``__aiter__``. The :attr:`~Mock.return_value`" +" attribute of ``__aiter__`` can be used to set the return values to be used " +"for iteration." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.8 起，``AsyncMock`` 和 ``MagicMock`` 支持通过 ``__aiter__`` 来模拟 " +":ref:`async-iterators`。 ``__aiter__`` 的 :attr:`~Mock.return_value` " +"属性可以被用来设置要用于迭代的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:298 +msgid "Mocking asynchronous context manager" +msgstr "模拟异步上下文管理器" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.8, ``AsyncMock`` and ``MagicMock`` have support to mock " +":ref:`async-context-managers` through ``__aenter__`` and ``__aexit__``. By " +"default, ``__aenter__`` and ``__aexit__`` are ``AsyncMock`` instances that " +"return an async function." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.8 起，``AsyncMock`` 和 ``MagicMock`` 支持通过 ``__aenter__`` 和 " +"``__aexit__`` 来模拟 :ref:`async-context-managers`。 在默认情况下，``__aenter__`` 和 " +"``__aexit__`` 将为返回异步函数的 ``AsyncMock`` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:322 +msgid "Creating a Mock from an Existing Object" +msgstr "基于现有对象创建模拟对象" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:324 +msgid "" +"One problem with over use of mocking is that it couples your tests to the " +"implementation of your mocks rather than your real code. Suppose you have a " +"class that implements ``some_method``. In a test for another class, you " +"provide a mock of this object that *also* provides ``some_method``. If later" +" you refactor the first class, so that it no longer has ``some_method`` - " +"then your tests will continue to pass even though your code is now broken!" +msgstr "" +"使用模拟操作的一个问题是它会将你的测试与你的 mock 实现相关联而不是与你的真实代码相关联。 假设你有一个实现了 ``some_method`` " +"的类。 在对另一个类的测试中，你提供了一个 *同样* 提供了 ``some_method`` 的模拟该对象的 mock 对象。 " +"如果后来你重构了第一个类，使得它不再具有 ``some_method`` —— 那么你的测试将继续保持通过，尽管现在你的代码已经被破坏了！" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:331 +msgid "" +":class:`Mock` allows you to provide an object as a specification for the " +"mock, using the *spec* keyword argument. Accessing methods / attributes on " +"the mock that don't exist on your specification object will immediately " +"raise an attribute error. If you change the implementation of your " +"specification, then tests that use that class will start failing immediately" +" without you having to instantiate the class in those tests." +msgstr "" +":class:`Mock` 允许你使用allows you to provide an object as a specification for " +"the mock, using the *spec* 关键字参数来提供一个对象作为 mock 的规格说明。 在 mock " +"上访问不存在于你的规格说明对象中的方法 / 属性将立即引发一个属性错误。 " +"如果你修改你的规格说明的实现，，那么使用了该类的测试将立即开始失败而不需要你在这些测试中实例化该类。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Using a specification also enables a smarter matching of calls made to the " +"mock, regardless of whether some parameters were passed as positional or " +"named arguments::" +msgstr "使用规格说明还可以启用对 mock 的调用的更聪明的匹配操作，无论是否有将某些形参作为位置或关键字参数传入::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:348 +msgid "" +">>> def f(a, b, c): pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> mock = Mock(spec=f)\n" +">>> mock(1, 2, 3)\n" +"\n" +">>> mock.assert_called_with(a=1, b=2, c=3)" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(a, b, c): pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> mock = Mock(spec=f)\n" +">>> mock(1, 2, 3)\n" +"\n" +">>> mock.assert_called_with(a=1, b=2, c=3)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:355 +msgid "" +"If you want this smarter matching to also work with method calls on the " +"mock, you can use :ref:`auto-speccing `." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要让这些更聪明的匹配操作也适用于 mock 上的方法调用，你可以使用 :ref:`auto-speccing `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:358 +msgid "" +"If you want a stronger form of specification that prevents the setting of " +"arbitrary attributes as well as the getting of them then you can use " +"*spec_set* instead of *spec*." +msgstr "如果你想要更强形式的规格说明以防止设置任意属性并获取它们那么你可以使用 *spec_set* 来代替 *spec*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:364 +msgid "Using side_effect to return per file content" +msgstr "使用 side_effect 返回每个文件的内容" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:366 +msgid "" +":func:`mock_open` is used to patch :func:`open` method. " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` can be used to return a new Mock object per call. " +"This can be used to return different contents per file stored in a " +"dictionary::" +msgstr "" +":func:`mock_open` 被用来为 :func:`open` 方法打补丁。 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` " +"可被用来在每次调用中返回一个新的 Mock 对象。 这可被用来返回存储在字典中的每个文件的不同内容::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:370 +msgid "" +"DEFAULT = \"default\"\n" +"data_dict = {\"file1\": \"data1\",\n" +" \"file2\": \"data2\"}\n" +"\n" +"def open_side_effect(name):\n" +" return mock_open(read_data=data_dict.get(name, DEFAULT))()\n" +"\n" +"with patch(\"builtins.open\", side_effect=open_side_effect):\n" +" with open(\"file1\") as file1:\n" +" assert file1.read() == \"data1\"\n" +"\n" +" with open(\"file2\") as file2:\n" +" assert file2.read() == \"data2\"\n" +"\n" +" with open(\"file3\") as file2:\n" +" assert file2.read() == \"default\"" +msgstr "" +"DEFAULT = \"default\"\n" +"data_dict = {\"file1\": \"data1\",\n" +" \"file2\": \"data2\"}\n" +"\n" +"def open_side_effect(name):\n" +" return mock_open(read_data=data_dict.get(name, DEFAULT))()\n" +"\n" +"with patch(\"builtins.open\", side_effect=open_side_effect):\n" +" with open(\"file1\") as file1:\n" +" assert file1.read() == \"data1\"\n" +"\n" +" with open(\"file2\") as file2:\n" +" assert file2.read() == \"data2\"\n" +"\n" +" with open(\"file3\") as file2:\n" +" assert file2.read() == \"default\"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:389 +msgid "Patch Decorators" +msgstr "补丁装饰器" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:393 +msgid "" +"With :func:`patch` it matters that you patch objects in the namespace where " +"they are looked up. This is normally straightforward, but for a quick guide " +"read :ref:`where to patch `." +msgstr "" +"在查找对象的名称空间中修补对象使用 :func:`patch` 。使用起来很简单，阅读 :ref:`补丁的位置 ` " +"来快速上手。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:398 +msgid "" +"A common need in tests is to patch a class attribute or a module attribute, " +"for example patching a builtin or patching a class in a module to test that " +"it is instantiated. Modules and classes are effectively global, so patching " +"on them has to be undone after the test or the patch will persist into other" +" tests and cause hard to diagnose problems." +msgstr "" +"测试中的一个常见需求是为类属性或模块属性打补丁，例如修补内置对象或修补某个模块中的类来测试其是否被实例化。 " +"模块和类都可算是全局对象，因此对它们打补丁的操作必须在测试完成之后被还原否则补丁将持续影响其他测试并导致难以诊断的问题。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:404 +msgid "" +"mock provides three convenient decorators for this: :func:`patch`, " +":func:`patch.object` and :func:`patch.dict`. ``patch`` takes a single " +"string, of the form ``package.module.Class.attribute`` to specify the " +"attribute you are patching. It also optionally takes a value that you want " +"the attribute (or class or whatever) to be replaced with. 'patch.object' " +"takes an object and the name of the attribute you would like patched, plus " +"optionally the value to patch it with." +msgstr "" +"为此 mock 提供了三个便捷的装饰器: :func:`patch`, :func:`patch.object` 和 " +":func:`patch.dict`。 ``patch`` 接受单个字符串，其形式 ``package.module.Class.attribute``" +" 指明你要修补的属性。 它还可选择接受一个值用来替换指定的属性（或者类对象等等）。 'patch.object' " +"接受一个对象和你想要修补的属性名称，并可选择接受要用作补丁的值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:412 +msgid "``patch.object``::" +msgstr "``patch.object``::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:414 +msgid "" +">>> original = SomeClass.attribute\n" +">>> @patch.object(SomeClass, 'attribute', sentinel.attribute)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... assert SomeClass.attribute == sentinel.attribute\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()\n" +">>> assert SomeClass.attribute == original\n" +"\n" +">>> @patch('package.module.attribute', sentinel.attribute)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... from package.module import attribute\n" +"... assert attribute is sentinel.attribute\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" +msgstr "" +">>> original = SomeClass.attribute\n" +">>> @patch.object(SomeClass, 'attribute', sentinel.attribute)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... assert SomeClass.attribute == sentinel.attribute\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()\n" +">>> assert SomeClass.attribute == original\n" +"\n" +">>> @patch('package.module.attribute', sentinel.attribute)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... from package.module import attribute\n" +"... assert attribute is sentinel.attribute\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:429 +msgid "" +"If you are patching a module (including :mod:`builtins`) then use " +":func:`patch` instead of :func:`patch.object`:" +msgstr "" +"如果你要给一个模块 (包括 :mod:`builtins`) 打补丁则可使用 :func:`patch` 来代替 " +":func:`patch.object`:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:439 +msgid "" +"The module name can be 'dotted', in the form ``package.module`` if needed::" +msgstr "如有必要模块名可以是“带点号”的，其形式如 ``package.module``::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:441 +msgid "" +">>> @patch('package.module.ClassName.attribute', sentinel.attribute)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... from package.module import ClassName\n" +"... assert ClassName.attribute == sentinel.attribute\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" +msgstr "" +">>> @patch('package.module.ClassName.attribute', sentinel.attribute)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... from package.module import ClassName\n" +"... assert ClassName.attribute == sentinel.attribute\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:448 +msgid "A nice pattern is to actually decorate test methods themselves:" +msgstr "一个良好的模式是实际地装饰测试方法本身:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:459 +msgid "" +"If you want to patch with a Mock, you can use :func:`patch` with only one " +"argument (or :func:`patch.object` with two arguments). The mock will be " +"created for you and passed into the test function / method:" +msgstr "" +"如果你想要通过 Mock 来打补丁，你可以只附带一个参数使用 :func:`patch` (或附带两个参数使用 " +":func:`patch.object`)。 这将为你创建 mock 并传递给测试函数 / 方法:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:471 +msgid "You can stack up multiple patch decorators using this pattern::" +msgstr "你可以使用以下模式来堆叠多个补丁装饰器::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:473 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... @patch('package.module.ClassName1')\n" +"... @patch('package.module.ClassName2')\n" +"... def test_something(self, MockClass2, MockClass1):\n" +"... self.assertIs(package.module.ClassName1, MockClass1)\n" +"... self.assertIs(package.module.ClassName2, MockClass2)\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_something').test_something()" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... @patch('package.module.ClassName1')\n" +"... @patch('package.module.ClassName2')\n" +"... def test_something(self, MockClass2, MockClass1):\n" +"... self.assertIs(package.module.ClassName1, MockClass1)\n" +"... self.assertIs(package.module.ClassName2, MockClass2)\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_something').test_something()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:482 +msgid "" +"When you nest patch decorators the mocks are passed in to the decorated " +"function in the same order they applied (the normal *Python* order that " +"decorators are applied). This means from the bottom up, so in the example " +"above the mock for ``test_module.ClassName2`` is passed in first." +msgstr "" +"当你嵌套 patch 装饰器时将以它们被应用的相同顺序（即 *Python* 应用装饰器的正常顺序）将 mock 传入被装饰的函数。 " +"也就是说从下往上，因此在上面的示例中 ``test_module.ClassName2`` 的 mock 会被最先传入。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:487 +msgid "" +"There is also :func:`patch.dict` for setting values in a dictionary just " +"during a scope and restoring the dictionary to its original state when the " +"test ends:" +msgstr "还有一个 :func:`patch.dict` 用于在一定范围内设置字典中的值，并在测试结束时将字典恢复为其原始状态：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:498 +msgid "" +"``patch``, ``patch.object`` and ``patch.dict`` can all be used as context " +"managers." +msgstr "``patch``, ``patch.object`` 和 ``patch.dict`` 都可被用作上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:500 +msgid "" +"Where you use :func:`patch` to create a mock for you, you can get a " +"reference to the mock using the \"as\" form of the with statement:" +msgstr "在你使用 :func:`patch` 为你创建 mock 时，你可以使用 with 语句的 \"as\" 形式来获得对 mock 的引用:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:515 +msgid "" +"As an alternative ``patch``, ``patch.object`` and ``patch.dict`` can be used" +" as class decorators. When used in this way it is the same as applying the " +"decorator individually to every method whose name starts with \"test\"." +msgstr "" +"作为替代 ``patch``, ``patch.object`` 和 ``patch.dict`` 可以被用作类装饰器。 " +"当以此方式使用时其效果与将装饰器单独应用到每个以 \"test\" 打头的方法上相同。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:523 +msgid "Further Examples" +msgstr "更多示例" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:526 +msgid "Here are some more examples for some slightly more advanced scenarios." +msgstr "下面是一些针对更为高级应用场景的补充示例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:530 +msgid "Mocking chained calls" +msgstr "模拟链式调用" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:532 +msgid "" +"Mocking chained calls is actually straightforward with mock once you " +"understand the :attr:`~Mock.return_value` attribute. When a mock is called " +"for the first time, or you fetch its ``return_value`` before it has been " +"called, a new :class:`Mock` is created." +msgstr "" +"实际上一旦你理解了 :attr:`~Mock.return_value` 属性那么使用 mock 模拟链式调用就会相当直观。 当一个 mock " +"首次被调用，或者当你在它被调用前获取其 ``return_value`` 时，将会创建一个新的 :class:`Mock`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:537 +msgid "" +"This means that you can see how the object returned from a call to a mocked " +"object has been used by interrogating the ``return_value`` mock:" +msgstr "这意味着你可以通过检视 ``return_value`` mock 来了解从调用被模拟对象返回的对象是如何被使用的:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:545 +msgid "" +"From here it is a simple step to configure and then make assertions about " +"chained calls. Of course another alternative is writing your code in a more " +"testable way in the first place..." +msgstr "从这里开始只需一个步骤即可配置并创建有关链式调用的断言。 当然还有另一种选择是首先以更易于测试的方式来编写你的代码..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:549 +msgid "So, suppose we have some code that looks a little bit like this:" +msgstr "因此，如果我们有这样一些代码:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:558 +msgid "" +"Assuming that ``BackendProvider`` is already well tested, how do we test " +"``method()``? Specifically, we want to test that the code section ``# more " +"code`` uses the response object in the correct way." +msgstr "" +"假定 ``BackendProvider`` 已经过良好测试，我们要如何测试 ``method()``？ 特别地，我们希望测试代码段 ``# more " +"code`` 是否以正确的方式使用了响应对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:562 +msgid "" +"As this chain of calls is made from an instance attribute we can monkey " +"patch the ``backend`` attribute on a ``Something`` instance. In this " +"particular case we are only interested in the return value from the final " +"call to ``start_call`` so we don't have much configuration to do. Let's " +"assume the object it returns is 'file-like', so we'll ensure that our " +"response object uses the builtin :func:`open` as its ``spec``." +msgstr "" +"由于这个链式调用来自一个实例属性我们可以对 ``backend`` 属性在 ``Something`` 实例上进行猴子式修补。 " +"在这个特定情况下我们只对最后调用 ``start_call`` 的返回值感兴趣所以我们不需要进行太多的配置。 " +"让我们假定它返回的是“文件类”对象，因此我们将确保我们的响应对象使用内置的 :func:`open` 作为其 ``spec``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:569 +msgid "" +"To do this we create a mock instance as our mock backend and create a mock " +"response object for it. To set the response as the return value for that " +"final ``start_call`` we could do this::" +msgstr "" +"为了做到这一点我们创建一个 mock 实例作为我们的 mock 后端并为它创建一个 mock 响应对象。 要将该响应对象设为最后的 " +"``start_call`` 的返回值我们可以这样做::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:573 +msgid "" +"mock_backend.get_endpoint.return_value.create_call.return_value.start_call.return_value" +" = mock_response" +msgstr "" +"mock_backend.get_endpoint.return_value.create_call.return_value.start_call.return_value" +" = mock_response" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:575 +msgid "" +"We can do that in a slightly nicer way using the " +":meth:`~Mock.configure_mock` method to directly set the return value for " +"us::" +msgstr "我们可以通过更好一些的方式做到这一点，即使用 :meth:`~Mock.configure_mock` 方法直接为我们设置返回值::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:578 +msgid "" +">>> something = Something()\n" +">>> mock_response = Mock(spec=open)\n" +">>> mock_backend = Mock()\n" +">>> config = {'get_endpoint.return_value.create_call.return_value.start_call.return_value': mock_response}\n" +">>> mock_backend.configure_mock(**config)" +msgstr "" +">>> something = Something()\n" +">>> mock_response = Mock(spec=open)\n" +">>> mock_backend = Mock()\n" +">>> config = {'get_endpoint.return_value.create_call.return_value.start_call.return_value': mock_response}\n" +">>> mock_backend.configure_mock(**config)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:584 +msgid "" +"With these we monkey patch the \"mock backend\" in place and can make the " +"real call::" +msgstr "有了这些我们就能准备好给“mock 后端”打上猴子补丁并可以执行真正的调用::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:587 +msgid "" +">>> something.backend = mock_backend\n" +">>> something.method()" +msgstr "" +">>> something.backend = mock_backend\n" +">>> something.method()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Using :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` we can check the chained call with a single " +"assert. A chained call is several calls in one line of code, so there will " +"be several entries in ``mock_calls``. We can use :meth:`call.call_list` to " +"create this list of calls for us::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` 我们可以通过一个断言来检查链式调用。 一个链式调用就是在一行代码中连续执行多个调用，所以在 " +"``mock_calls`` 中将会有多个条目。 我们可以使用 :meth:`call.call_list` 来为我们创建这个调用列表::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:595 +msgid "" +">>> chained = call.get_endpoint('foobar').create_call('spam', 'eggs').start_call()\n" +">>> call_list = chained.call_list()\n" +">>> assert mock_backend.mock_calls == call_list" +msgstr "" +">>> chained = call.get_endpoint('foobar').create_call('spam', 'eggs').start_call()\n" +">>> call_list = chained.call_list()\n" +">>> assert mock_backend.mock_calls == call_list" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:601 +msgid "Partial mocking" +msgstr "部分模拟" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:603 +msgid "" +"In some tests I wanted to mock out a call to :meth:`datetime.date.today` to " +"return a known date, but I didn't want to prevent the code under test from " +"creating new date objects. Unfortunately :class:`datetime.date` is written " +"in C, and so I couldn't just monkey-patch out the static " +":meth:`datetime.date.today` method." +msgstr "" +"在一些测试中，我想把对 :meth:`datetime.date.today` " +"的调用模拟为返回一个已知日期的调用，但又不想阻止测试中的代码创建新的日期对象。 然而 :class:`datetime.date` 是用 C " +"语言编写的，因此我不能简单地给静态的 :meth:`datetime.date.today` 方法打上猴子补丁。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:608 +msgid "" +"I found a simple way of doing this that involved effectively wrapping the " +"date class with a mock, but passing through calls to the constructor to the " +"real class (and returning real instances)." +msgstr "我找到了实现这一点的简单方式即通过一个 mock 来实际包装日期类，但通过对构造器的调用传递给真实的类（并返回真实的实例）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:612 +msgid "" +"The :func:`patch decorator ` is used here to mock out the ``date`` " +"class in the module under test. The :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` attribute on " +"the mock date class is then set to a lambda function that returns a real " +"date. When the mock date class is called a real date will be constructed and" +" returned by ``side_effect``. ::" +msgstr "" +"这里使用 :func:`patch 装饰器 ` 来模拟被测试模块中的 ``date`` 类。 然后将模拟 date 类的 " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 属性设为一个返回真实日期的 lambda 函数。 当模拟 date 类被调用时，将通过 " +"``side_effect`` 构造并返回一个真实日期。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:618 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> with patch('mymodule.date') as mock_date:\n" +"... mock_date.today.return_value = date(2010, 10, 8)\n" +"... mock_date.side_effect = lambda *args, **kw: date(*args, **kw)\n" +"...\n" +"... assert mymodule.date.today() == date(2010, 10, 8)\n" +"... assert mymodule.date(2009, 6, 8) == date(2009, 6, 8)" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> with patch('mymodule.date') as mock_date:\n" +"... mock_date.today.return_value = date(2010, 10, 8)\n" +"... mock_date.side_effect = lambda *args, **kw: date(*args, **kw)\n" +"...\n" +"... assert mymodule.date.today() == date(2010, 10, 8)\n" +"... assert mymodule.date(2009, 6, 8) == date(2009, 6, 8)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Note that we don't patch :class:`datetime.date` globally, we patch ``date`` " +"in the module that *uses* it. See :ref:`where to patch `." +msgstr "" +"请注意我们没有在全局范围上修补 :class:`datetime.date`，我们只是在 *使用* 它的模块中给 ``date`` 打补丁。 参见 " +":ref:`补丁的位置 `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:629 +msgid "" +"When ``date.today()`` is called a known date is returned, but calls to the " +"``date(...)`` constructor still return normal dates. Without this you can " +"find yourself having to calculate an expected result using exactly the same " +"algorithm as the code under test, which is a classic testing anti-pattern." +msgstr "" +"当 ``date.today()`` 被调用时将返回一个已知的日期，但对 ``date(...)`` 构造器的调用仍会返回普通的日期。 " +"如果不是这样你会发现你必须使用与被测试的代码完全相同的算法来计算出预期的结果，这是测试工作中的一个经典的反模式。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:634 +msgid "" +"Calls to the date constructor are recorded in the ``mock_date`` attributes " +"(``call_count`` and friends) which may also be useful for your tests." +msgstr "" +"对 date 构造器的调用会被记录在 ``mock_date`` 属性中 (``call_count`` 等)，它们也可能对你的测试有用处。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:637 +msgid "" +"An alternative way of dealing with mocking dates, or other builtin classes, " +"is discussed in `this blog entry `_." +msgstr "" +"有关处理模块日期或其他内置类的一种替代方式的讨论请参见 `这篇博客文章 `_。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:643 +msgid "Mocking a Generator Method" +msgstr "模拟生成器方法" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:645 +msgid "" +"A Python generator is a function or method that uses the :keyword:`yield` " +"statement to return a series of values when iterated over [#]_." +msgstr "Python 生成器是指在被迭代时使用 :keyword:`yield` 语句来返回一系列值的函数或方法 [#]_。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:648 +msgid "" +"A generator method / function is called to return the generator object. It " +"is the generator object that is then iterated over. The protocol method for " +"iteration is :meth:`~container.__iter__`, so we can mock this using a " +":class:`MagicMock`." +msgstr "" +"调用生成器方法 / 函数将返回生成器对象。 生成器对象随后会被迭代。 迭代操作对应的协议方法是 " +":meth:`~container.__iter__`，因此我们可以使用 :class:`MagicMock` 来模拟它。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Here's an example class with an \"iter\" method implemented as a generator:" +msgstr "以下是一个使用 \"iter\" 方法模拟为生成器的示例类:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:665 +msgid "How would we mock this class, and in particular its \"iter\" method?" +msgstr "我们要如何模拟这个类，特别是它的 \"iter\" 方法呢？" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:667 +msgid "" +"To configure the values returned from the iteration (implicit in the call to" +" :class:`list`), we need to configure the object returned by the call to " +"``foo.iter()``." +msgstr "" +"为了配置从迭代操作（隐含在对 :class:`list` 的调用中）返回的值，我们需要配置调用 ``foo.iter()`` 所返回的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:675 +msgid "" +"There are also generator expressions and more `advanced uses " +"`_ of generators, but we aren't" +" concerned about them here. A very good introduction to generators and how " +"powerful they are is: `Generator Tricks for Systems Programmers " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"此外还有生成器表达式和更多的生成器 `进阶用法 " +"`_，但在这里我们不去关心它们。 " +"有关生成器及其强大功能的一个很好的介绍请参阅: `针对系统程序员的生成器妙招 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:683 +msgid "Applying the same patch to every test method" +msgstr "对每个测试方法应用相同的补丁" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:685 +msgid "" +"If you want several patches in place for multiple test methods the obvious " +"way is to apply the patch decorators to every method. This can feel like " +"unnecessary repetition. Instead, you can use :func:`patch` (in all its " +"various forms) as a class decorator. This applies the patches to all test " +"methods on the class. A test method is identified by methods whose names " +"start with ``test``::" +msgstr "" +"如果你想要为多个测试方法准备好多个补丁那么最简单的方式就是将 patch 装饰器应用到每个方法上。 这在感觉上像上不必要的重复。 对此，你可以使用 " +":func:`patch` (包括基各种不同形式) 作为类装饰器。 这将把补丁应用于类上的所有测试方法。 测试方法是通过以 ``test`` " +"打头的名称来标识的::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:692 +msgid "" +">>> @patch('mymodule.SomeClass')\n" +"... class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_one(self, MockSomeClass):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.SomeClass, MockSomeClass)\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_two(self, MockSomeClass):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.SomeClass, MockSomeClass)\n" +"...\n" +"... def not_a_test(self):\n" +"... return 'something'\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_one').test_one()\n" +">>> MyTest('test_two').test_two()\n" +">>> MyTest('test_two').not_a_test()\n" +"'something'" +msgstr "" +">>> @patch('mymodule.SomeClass')\n" +"... class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_one(self, MockSomeClass):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.SomeClass, MockSomeClass)\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_two(self, MockSomeClass):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.SomeClass, MockSomeClass)\n" +"...\n" +"... def not_a_test(self):\n" +"... return 'something'\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_one').test_one()\n" +">>> MyTest('test_two').test_two()\n" +">>> MyTest('test_two').not_a_test()\n" +"'something'" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:709 +msgid "" +"An alternative way of managing patches is to use the :ref:`start-and-stop`. " +"These allow you to move the patching into your ``setUp`` and ``tearDown`` " +"methods. ::" +msgstr "" +"另一种管理补丁的方式是使用 :ref:`start-and-stop`。 它允许你将打补丁操作移至你的 ``setUp`` 和 ``tearDown``" +" 方法中。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:713 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... self.patcher = patch('mymodule.foo')\n" +"... self.mock_foo = self.patcher.start()\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.foo, self.mock_foo)\n" +"...\n" +"... def tearDown(self):\n" +"... self.patcher.stop()\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').run()" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... self.patcher = patch('mymodule.foo')\n" +"... self.mock_foo = self.patcher.start()\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.foo, self.mock_foo)\n" +"...\n" +"... def tearDown(self):\n" +"... self.patcher.stop()\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').run()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:726 +msgid "" +"If you use this technique you must ensure that the patching is \"undone\" by" +" calling ``stop``. This can be fiddlier than you might think, because if an " +"exception is raised in the setUp then tearDown is not called. " +":meth:`unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` makes this easier::" +msgstr "" +"如果你要使用这个技巧则你必须通过调用 ``stop`` 来确保补丁被“恢复”。 这可能要比你想像的更麻烦，因为如果在 setUp 中引发了异常那么 " +"tearDown 将不会被调用。 :meth:`unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` 可以做到更方便::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:731 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... patcher = patch('mymodule.foo')\n" +"... self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)\n" +"... self.mock_foo = patcher.start()\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.foo, self.mock_foo)\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').run()" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... patcher = patch('mymodule.foo')\n" +"... self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)\n" +"... self.mock_foo = patcher.start()\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... self.assertIs(mymodule.foo, self.mock_foo)\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').run()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:744 +msgid "Mocking Unbound Methods" +msgstr "模拟未绑定方法" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:746 +msgid "" +"Whilst writing tests today I needed to patch an *unbound method* (patching " +"the method on the class rather than on the instance). I needed self to be " +"passed in as the first argument because I want to make asserts about which " +"objects were calling this particular method. The issue is that you can't " +"patch with a mock for this, because if you replace an unbound method with a " +"mock it doesn't become a bound method when fetched from the instance, and so" +" it doesn't get self passed in. The workaround is to patch the unbound " +"method with a real function instead. The :func:`patch` decorator makes it so" +" simple to patch out methods with a mock that having to create a real " +"function becomes a nuisance." +msgstr "" +"当前在编写测试时我需要修补一个 *未绑定方法* (在类上而不是在实例上为方法打补丁)。 我需要将 self " +"作为第一个参数传入因为我想对哪些对象在调用这个特定方法进行断言。 问题是这里你不能用 mock 来打补丁，因为如果你用 mock " +"来替换一个未绑定方法那么当从实例中获取时它就不会成为一个已绑定方法，因而它不会获得传入的 self。 " +"绕过此问题的办法是改用一个真正的函数来修补未绑定方法。 :func:`patch` 装饰器让使用 mock " +"来给方法打补丁变得如此简单以至于创建一个真正的函数成为一件麻烦事。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:757 +msgid "" +"If you pass ``autospec=True`` to patch then it does the patching with a " +"*real* function object. This function object has the same signature as the " +"one it is replacing, but delegates to a mock under the hood. You still get " +"your mock auto-created in exactly the same way as before. What it means " +"though, is that if you use it to patch out an unbound method on a class the " +"mocked function will be turned into a bound method if it is fetched from an " +"instance. It will have ``self`` passed in as the first argument, which is " +"exactly what I wanted:" +msgstr "" +"如果将 ``autospec=True`` 传给 patch 那么它就会用一个 *真正的* 函数对象来打补丁。 " +"这个函数对象具有与它所替换的函数相同的签名，但会在内部将操作委托给一个 mock。 你仍然可以通过与以前完全相同的方式来自动创建你的 mock。 " +"但是这将意味着一件事，就是如果你用它来修补一个类上的非绑定方法那么如果它是从一个实例中获取则被模拟的函数将被转为已绑定方法。 传给它的第一个参数将为 " +"``self``，而这真是我想要的:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:778 +msgid "" +"If we don't use ``autospec=True`` then the unbound method is patched out " +"with a Mock instance instead, and isn't called with ``self``." +msgstr "" +"如果我们不使用 ``autospec=True`` 那么这个未绑定方法会改为通过一个 Mock 补丁来修补，而不是附带 ``self`` 来调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:783 +msgid "Checking multiple calls with mock" +msgstr "通过 mock 检查多次调用" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:785 +msgid "" +"mock has a nice API for making assertions about how your mock objects are " +"used." +msgstr "mock 有一个很好的 API 用于针对你的 mock 对象如何被使用来下断言。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:792 +msgid "" +"If your mock is only being called once you can use the " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with` method that also asserts that the " +":attr:`~Mock.call_count` is one." +msgstr "" +"如果你的 mock 只会被调用一次那么你可以使用 :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with` 方法，该方法也会断言 " +":attr:`~Mock.call_count` 的值为一。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:804 +msgid "" +"Both ``assert_called_with`` and ``assert_called_once_with`` make assertions " +"about the *most recent* call. If your mock is going to be called several " +"times, and you want to make assertions about *all* those calls you can use " +":attr:`~Mock.call_args_list`:" +msgstr "" +"``assert_called_with`` 和 ``assert_called_once_with`` 都是有关 *最近* 调用的断言。 如果你的 " +"mock 将被多次调用，并且你想要针对 *所有* 这些调用下断言你可以使用 :attr:`~Mock.call_args_list`:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:816 +msgid "" +"The :data:`call` helper makes it easy to make assertions about these calls. " +"You can build up a list of expected calls and compare it to " +"``call_args_list``. This looks remarkably similar to the repr of the " +"``call_args_list``:" +msgstr "" +"使用 :data:`call` 辅助对象可以方便地针对这些调用下断言。 你可以创建一个预期调用的列表并将其与 ``call_args_list`` " +"比较。 这看起来与 ``call_args_list`` 的 repr 非常相似:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:826 +msgid "Coping with mutable arguments" +msgstr "处理可变参数" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:828 +msgid "" +"Another situation is rare, but can bite you, is when your mock is called " +"with mutable arguments. ``call_args`` and ``call_args_list`` store " +"*references* to the arguments. If the arguments are mutated by the code " +"under test then you can no longer make assertions about what the values were" +" when the mock was called." +msgstr "" +"另一种很少见，但可能给你带来麻烦的情况会在你的 mock 附带可变参数被调用的时候发生。 ``call_args`` 和 " +"``call_args_list`` 将保存对这些参数的 *引用*。 如果这些参数被受测试的代码所改变那么你将无法再针对当该 mock " +"被调用时附带的参数值下断言。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:833 +msgid "" +"Here's some example code that shows the problem. Imagine the following " +"functions defined in 'mymodule'::" +msgstr "下面是一些演示此问题的示例代码。 设想在 'mymodule' 中定义了下列函数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:836 +msgid "" +"def frob(val):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def grob(val):\n" +" \"First frob and then clear val\"\n" +" frob(val)\n" +" val.clear()" +msgstr "" +"def frob(val):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"def grob(val):\n" +" \"先执行 frob 然后清空 val\"\n" +" frob(val)\n" +" val.clear()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:844 +msgid "" +"When we try to test that ``grob`` calls ``frob`` with the correct argument " +"look what happens::" +msgstr "当我们想要测试 ``grob`` 调用 ``frob`` 并附带了正确的参数时将可看到发生了什么::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:847 +msgid "" +">>> with patch('mymodule.frob') as mock_frob:\n" +"... val = {6}\n" +"... mymodule.grob(val)\n" +"...\n" +">>> val\n" +"set()\n" +">>> mock_frob.assert_called_with({6})\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AssertionError: Expected: (({6},), {})\n" +"Called with: ((set(),), {})" +msgstr "" +">>> with patch('mymodule.frob') as mock_frob:\n" +"... val = {6}\n" +"... mymodule.grob(val)\n" +"...\n" +">>> val\n" +"set()\n" +">>> mock_frob.assert_called_with({6})\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AssertionError: Expected: (({6},), {})\n" +"Called with: ((set(),), {})" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:859 +msgid "" +"One possibility would be for mock to copy the arguments you pass in. This " +"could then cause problems if you do assertions that rely on object identity " +"for equality." +msgstr "对于 mock 的一个可能性是复制你传入的参数。 如果你创建依赖于对象标识号相等性的断言那么这可能会在后面导致问题。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:863 +msgid "" +"Here's one solution that uses the :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` functionality. " +"If you provide a ``side_effect`` function for a mock then ``side_effect`` " +"will be called with the same args as the mock. This gives us an opportunity " +"to copy the arguments and store them for later assertions. In this example " +"I'm using *another* mock to store the arguments so that I can use the mock " +"methods for doing the assertion. Again a helper function sets this up for " +"me. ::" +msgstr "" +"下面是一个使用 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 功能的解决方案。 如果你为 mock 提供了 ``side_effect`` " +"函数那么 ``side_effect`` 将附带与该 mock 相同的参数被调用。 这样我们就有机会拷贝这些参数并将其保存起来用于之后执行断言。 " +"在本例中我使用了 *另一个* mock 来保存参数以便可以使用该 mock 的方法来执行断言。 在这里辅助函数再次为我设置好了这一切。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:871 +msgid "" +">>> from copy import deepcopy\n" +">>> from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, DEFAULT\n" +">>> def copy_call_args(mock):\n" +"... new_mock = Mock()\n" +"... def side_effect(*args, **kwargs):\n" +"... args = deepcopy(args)\n" +"... kwargs = deepcopy(kwargs)\n" +"... new_mock(*args, **kwargs)\n" +"... return DEFAULT\n" +"... mock.side_effect = side_effect\n" +"... return new_mock\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('mymodule.frob') as mock_frob:\n" +"... new_mock = copy_call_args(mock_frob)\n" +"... val = {6}\n" +"... mymodule.grob(val)\n" +"...\n" +">>> new_mock.assert_called_with({6})\n" +">>> new_mock.call_args\n" +"call({6})" +msgstr "" +">>> from copy import deepcopy\n" +">>> from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, DEFAULT\n" +">>> def copy_call_args(mock):\n" +"... new_mock = Mock()\n" +"... def side_effect(*args, **kwargs):\n" +"... args = deepcopy(args)\n" +"... kwargs = deepcopy(kwargs)\n" +"... new_mock(*args, **kwargs)\n" +"... return DEFAULT\n" +"... mock.side_effect = side_effect\n" +"... return new_mock\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('mymodule.frob') as mock_frob:\n" +"... new_mock = copy_call_args(mock_frob)\n" +"... val = {6}\n" +"... mymodule.grob(val)\n" +"...\n" +">>> new_mock.assert_called_with({6})\n" +">>> new_mock.call_args\n" +"call({6})" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:892 +msgid "" +"``copy_call_args`` is called with the mock that will be called. It returns a" +" new mock that we do the assertion on. The ``side_effect`` function makes a " +"copy of the args and calls our ``new_mock`` with the copy." +msgstr "" +"调用 ``copy_call_args`` 时会传入将被调用的 mock。 它将返回一个新的 mock 供我们进行断言。 ``side_effect``" +" 函数会拷贝这些参数并附带该副本来调用我们的 ``new_mock``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:898 +msgid "" +"If your mock is only going to be used once there is an easier way of " +"checking arguments at the point they are called. You can simply do the " +"checking inside a ``side_effect`` function." +msgstr "" +"如果你的 mock 只会被使用一次那么有更容易的方式可以在它们被调用时检查参数。 你可以简单地在 ``side_effect`` 函数中执行检查。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:912 +msgid "" +"An alternative approach is to create a subclass of :class:`Mock` or " +":class:`MagicMock` that copies (using :func:`copy.deepcopy`) the arguments. " +"Here's an example implementation:" +msgstr "" +"一个替代方式是创建一个 :class:`Mock` 或 :class:`MagicMock` 的子类来拷贝 (使用 " +":func:`copy.deepcopy`) 参数。 下面是一个示例实现:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:937 +msgid "" +"When you subclass ``Mock`` or ``MagicMock`` all dynamically created " +"attributes, and the ``return_value`` will use your subclass automatically. " +"That means all children of a ``CopyingMock`` will also have the type " +"``CopyingMock``." +msgstr "" +"当你子类化 ``Mock`` 或 ``MagicMock`` 时所有动态创建的属性以及 ``return_value`` 都将自动使用你的子类。 " +"这意味着 ``CopyingMock`` 的所有子类也都将为 ``CopyingMock`` 类型。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:943 +msgid "Nesting Patches" +msgstr "嵌套补丁" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:945 +msgid "" +"Using patch as a context manager is nice, but if you do multiple patches you" +" can end up with nested with statements indenting further and further to the" +" right::" +msgstr "使用 patch 作为上下文管理器很不错，但是如果你要执行多个补丁你将不断嵌套 with 语句使得代码越来越深地向右缩进::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:949 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Foo') as mock_foo:\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Bar') as mock_bar:\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Spam') as mock_spam:\n" +"... assert mymodule.Foo is mock_foo\n" +"... assert mymodule.Bar is mock_bar\n" +"... assert mymodule.Spam is mock_spam\n" +"...\n" +">>> original = mymodule.Foo\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').test_foo()\n" +">>> assert mymodule.Foo is original" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Foo') as mock_foo:\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Bar') as mock_bar:\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Spam') as mock_spam:\n" +"... assert mymodule.Foo is mock_foo\n" +"... assert mymodule.Bar is mock_bar\n" +"... assert mymodule.Spam is mock_spam\n" +"...\n" +">>> original = mymodule.Foo\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').test_foo()\n" +">>> assert mymodule.Foo is original" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:963 +msgid "" +"With unittest ``cleanup`` functions and the :ref:`start-and-stop` we can " +"achieve the same effect without the nested indentation. A simple helper " +"method, ``create_patch``, puts the patch in place and returns the created " +"mock for us::" +msgstr "" +"使用 unittest ``cleanup`` 函数和 :ref:`start-and-stop` 我们可以达成同样的效果而无须嵌套缩进。 " +"一个简单的辅助方法 ``create_patch`` 会为我们执行打补丁操作并返回所创建的 mock::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:968 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"...\n" +"... def create_patch(self, name):\n" +"... patcher = patch(name)\n" +"... thing = patcher.start()\n" +"... self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)\n" +"... return thing\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... mock_foo = self.create_patch('mymodule.Foo')\n" +"... mock_bar = self.create_patch('mymodule.Bar')\n" +"... mock_spam = self.create_patch('mymodule.Spam')\n" +"...\n" +"... assert mymodule.Foo is mock_foo\n" +"... assert mymodule.Bar is mock_bar\n" +"... assert mymodule.Spam is mock_spam\n" +"...\n" +">>> original = mymodule.Foo\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').run()\n" +">>> assert mymodule.Foo is original" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"...\n" +"... def create_patch(self, name):\n" +"... patcher = patch(name)\n" +"... thing = patcher.start()\n" +"... self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)\n" +"... return thing\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_foo(self):\n" +"... mock_foo = self.create_patch('mymodule.Foo')\n" +"... mock_bar = self.create_patch('mymodule.Bar')\n" +"... mock_spam = self.create_patch('mymodule.Spam')\n" +"...\n" +"... assert mymodule.Foo is mock_foo\n" +"... assert mymodule.Bar is mock_bar\n" +"... assert mymodule.Spam is mock_spam\n" +"...\n" +">>> original = mymodule.Foo\n" +">>> MyTest('test_foo').run()\n" +">>> assert mymodule.Foo is original" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:991 +msgid "Mocking a dictionary with MagicMock" +msgstr "使用 MagicMock 模拟字典" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:993 +msgid "" +"You may want to mock a dictionary, or other container object, recording all " +"access to it whilst having it still behave like a dictionary." +msgstr "你可能会想要模拟一个字典或其他容器对象，记录所有对它的访问并让它的行为仍然像是一个字典。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:996 +msgid "" +"We can do this with :class:`MagicMock`, which will behave like a dictionary," +" and using :data:`~Mock.side_effect` to delegate dictionary access to a real" +" underlying dictionary that is under our control." +msgstr "" +"要做到这点我们可以用 :class:`MagicMock`，它的行为类似于字典，并会使用 :data:`~Mock.side_effect` " +"将字典访问委托给下层的在我们控制之下的一个真正的字典。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"When the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` and :meth:`~object.__setitem__` methods" +" of our ``MagicMock`` are called (normal dictionary access) then " +"``side_effect`` is called with the key (and in the case of ``__setitem__`` " +"the value too). We can also control what is returned." +msgstr "" +"当我们的 ``MagicMock`` 的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__setitem__` 方法被调用（即正常的字典访问操作）时 ``side_effect`` 将附带相应的键（对于 " +"``__setitem__`` 还将附带值）被调用。 我们还可以控制返回的内容。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"After the ``MagicMock`` has been used we can use attributes like " +":data:`~Mock.call_args_list` to assert about how the dictionary was used:" +msgstr "" +"在 ``MagicMock`` 被使用之后我们可以使用 :data:`~Mock.call_args_list` " +"等属性来针对该字典是如何被使用的下断言。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1021 +msgid "" +"An alternative to using ``MagicMock`` is to use ``Mock`` and *only* provide " +"the magic methods you specifically want:" +msgstr "``MagicMock`` 的一个可用替代是使用 ``Mock`` 并 *仅仅* 提供你明确需要的魔术方法:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"A *third* option is to use ``MagicMock`` but passing in ``dict`` as the " +"*spec* (or *spec_set*) argument so that the ``MagicMock`` created only has " +"dictionary magic methods available:" +msgstr "" +"*第三个* 选项是使用 ``MagicMock`` 但传入 ``dict`` 作为 *spec* (或 *spec_set*) 参数以使得所创建的 " +"``MagicMock`` 只有字典魔术方法是可用的:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"With these side effect functions in place, the ``mock`` will behave like a " +"normal dictionary but recording the access. It even raises a :exc:`KeyError`" +" if you try to access a key that doesn't exist." +msgstr "" +"通过提供这些附带影响函数，``mock`` 的行为将类似于普通字典但又会记录所有访问。 如果你尝试访问一个不存在的键它甚至会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"After it has been used you can make assertions about the access using the " +"normal mock methods and attributes:" +msgstr "在它被使用之后你可以使用普通的 mock 方法和属性进行有关访问操作的断言:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1067 +msgid "Mock subclasses and their attributes" +msgstr "模拟子类及其属性" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1069 +msgid "" +"There are various reasons why you might want to subclass :class:`Mock`. One " +"reason might be to add helper methods. Here's a silly example:" +msgstr "你可能出于各种原因想要子类化 :class:`Mock`。 其中一个可能的原因是为了添加辅助方法。 下面是一个笨兮兮的示例:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1085 +msgid "" +"The standard behaviour for ``Mock`` instances is that attributes and the " +"return value mocks are of the same type as the mock they are accessed on. " +"This ensures that ``Mock`` attributes are ``Mocks`` and ``MagicMock`` " +"attributes are ``MagicMocks`` [#]_. So if you're subclassing to add helper " +"methods then they'll also be available on the attributes and return value " +"mock of instances of your subclass." +msgstr "" +"The standard behaviour for ``Mock`` 实例的标准行为是属性和返回值 mock 具有与它们所访问的 mock " +"相同的类型。 这将确保 ``Mock`` 的属性均为 ``Mocks`` 而 ``MagicMock`` 的属性均为 ``MagicMocks`` " +"[#]_。 因此如果你通过子类化来添加辅助方法那么它们也将在你的子类的实例的属性和返回值 mock 上可用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"Sometimes this is inconvenient. For example, `one user " +"`_ is subclassing mock to" +" created a `Twisted adaptor " +"`_." +" Having this applied to attributes too actually causes errors." +msgstr "" +"有时这很不方便。 例如，`一位用户 `_ 子类化了" +" mock 来创建一个 `Twisted 适配器 " +"`_。" +" 将它也应用于属性实际上会导致出错。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"``Mock`` (in all its flavours) uses a method called ``_get_child_mock`` to " +"create these \"sub-mocks\" for attributes and return values. You can prevent" +" your subclass being used for attributes by overriding this method. The " +"signature is that it takes arbitrary keyword arguments (``**kwargs``) which " +"are then passed onto the mock constructor:" +msgstr "" +"``Mock`` (它的所有形式) 使用一个名为 ``_get_child_mock`` 的方法来创建这些用于属性和返回值的“子 mock”。 " +"你可以通过重写此方法来防止你的子类被用于属性。 其签名被设为接受任意关键字参数 (``**kwargs``) 并且它们会被传递给 mock 构造器:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"An exception to this rule are the non-callable mocks. Attributes use the " +"callable variant because otherwise non-callable mocks couldn't have callable" +" methods." +msgstr "此规则的一个例外涉及不可调用 mock。 属性会使用可调用对象版本是因为如非如此则不可调用 mock 将无法拥有可调用的方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1130 +msgid "Mocking imports with patch.dict" +msgstr "通过 patch.dict 模拟导入" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"One situation where mocking can be hard is where you have a local import " +"inside a function. These are harder to mock because they aren't using an " +"object from the module namespace that we can patch out." +msgstr "有一种会令模拟变困难的情况是当你在函数内部有局部导入。 这更难模拟的原因是它们不是使用来自我们能打补丁的模拟命名空间中的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"Generally local imports are to be avoided. They are sometimes done to " +"prevent circular dependencies, for which there is *usually* a much better " +"way to solve the problem (refactor the code) or to prevent \"up front " +"costs\" by delaying the import. This can also be solved in better ways than " +"an unconditional local import (store the module as a class or module " +"attribute and only do the import on first use)." +msgstr "" +"一般来说局部导入是应当避免的。 局部导入有时是为了防止循环依赖，而这个问题 *通常* 都有更好的解决办法（重构代码）或者通过延迟导入来防止“前期成本”。" +" 这也可以通过比无条件地局部导入更好的方式来解决（将模块保存为一个类或模块属性并且只在首次使用时执行导入）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"That aside there is a way to use ``mock`` to affect the results of an " +"import. Importing fetches an *object* from the :data:`sys.modules` " +"dictionary. Note that it fetches an *object*, which need not be a module. " +"Importing a module for the first time results in a module object being put " +"in ``sys.modules``, so usually when you import something you get a module " +"back. This need not be the case however." +msgstr "" +"除此之外还有一个办法可以使用 ``mock`` 来影响导入的结果。 导入操作会从 :data:`sys.modules` 字典提取一个 *对象*。 " +"请注意是提取一个 *对象*，它不是必须为模块。 首次导入一个模块将使一个模块对象被放入 " +"``sys.modules``，因此通常当你执行导入时你将得到一个模块。 但是并非必然如此。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"This means you can use :func:`patch.dict` to *temporarily* put a mock in " +"place in :data:`sys.modules`. Any imports whilst this patch is active will " +"fetch the mock. When the patch is complete (the decorated function exits, " +"the with statement body is complete or ``patcher.stop()`` is called) then " +"whatever was there previously will be restored safely." +msgstr "" +"这意味着你可以使用 :func:`patch.dict` 来 *临时性地* 将一个 mock 放入 :data:`sys.modules`。 " +"在补丁激活期间的任何导入操作都将得到该 mock。 当补丁完成时（被装饰的函数退出，with 语句代码块结束或者 ``patcher.stop()`` " +"被调用）则之前存在的任何东西都将被安全地恢复。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1156 +msgid "Here's an example that mocks out the 'fooble' module." +msgstr "下面是一个模拟 'fooble' 模拟的示例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"As you can see the ``import fooble`` succeeds, but on exit there is no " +"'fooble' left in :data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "" +"你可以看到 ``import fooble`` 成功执行，而当退出时 :data:`sys.modules` 中将不再有 'fooble'。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1171 +msgid "This also works for the ``from module import name`` form:" +msgstr "这同样适用于 ``from module import name`` 形式:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1181 +msgid "With slightly more work you can also mock package imports:" +msgstr "稍微多做一点工作你还可以模拟包的导入:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1194 +msgid "Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions" +msgstr "追踪调用顺序和不太冗长的调用断言" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Mock` class allows you to track the *order* of method calls on " +"your mock objects through the :attr:`~Mock.method_calls` attribute. This " +"doesn't allow you to track the order of calls between separate mock objects," +" however we can use :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` to achieve the same effect." +msgstr "" +":class:`Mock` 类允许你通过 :attr:`~Mock.method_calls` 属性来追踪在你的 mock 对象上的方法调用的 " +"*顺序*。 这并不允许你追踪单独 mock 对象之间的调用顺序，但是我们可以使用 :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` 来达到同样的效果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1201 +msgid "" +"Because mocks track calls to child mocks in ``mock_calls``, and accessing an" +" arbitrary attribute of a mock creates a child mock, we can create our " +"separate mocks from a parent one. Calls to those child mock will then all be" +" recorded, in order, in the ``mock_calls`` of the parent:" +msgstr "" +"因为 mock 会追踪 ``mock_calls`` 中对子 mock 的调用，并且访问 mock 的任意属性都会创建一个子 " +"mock，所以我们可以基于父 mock 创建单独的子 mock。 随后对这些子 mock 的调用将按顺序被记录在父 mock 的 " +"``mock_calls`` 中:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1218 +msgid "" +"We can then assert about the calls, including the order, by comparing with " +"the ``mock_calls`` attribute on the manager mock:" +msgstr "我们可以随后通过与管理器 mock 上的 ``mock_calls`` 属性进行比较来进行有关这些调用，包括调用顺序的断言:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"If ``patch`` is creating, and putting in place, your mocks then you can " +"attach them to a manager mock using the :meth:`~Mock.attach_mock` method. " +"After attaching calls will be recorded in ``mock_calls`` of the manager. ::" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``patch`` 创建并准备好了你的 mock 那么你可以使用 :meth:`~Mock.attach_mock` 方法将它们附加到管理器 " +"mock 上。 在附加之后所有调用都将被记录在管理器的 ``mock_calls`` 中。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1229 +msgid "" +">>> manager = MagicMock()\n" +">>> with patch('mymodule.Class1') as MockClass1:\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Class2') as MockClass2:\n" +"... manager.attach_mock(MockClass1, 'MockClass1')\n" +"... manager.attach_mock(MockClass2, 'MockClass2')\n" +"... MockClass1().foo()\n" +"... MockClass2().bar()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> manager.mock_calls\n" +"[call.MockClass1(),\n" +"call.MockClass1().foo(),\n" +"call.MockClass2(),\n" +"call.MockClass2().bar()]" +msgstr "" +">>> manager = MagicMock()\n" +">>> with patch('mymodule.Class1') as MockClass1:\n" +"... with patch('mymodule.Class2') as MockClass2:\n" +"... manager.attach_mock(MockClass1, 'MockClass1')\n" +"... manager.attach_mock(MockClass2, 'MockClass2')\n" +"... MockClass1().foo()\n" +"... MockClass2().bar()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">>> manager.mock_calls\n" +"[call.MockClass1(),\n" +"call.MockClass1().foo(),\n" +"call.MockClass2(),\n" +"call.MockClass2().bar()]" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"If many calls have been made, but you're only interested in a particular " +"sequence of them then an alternative is to use the " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_has_calls` method. This takes a list of calls " +"(constructed with the :data:`call` object). If that sequence of calls are in" +" :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` then the assert succeeds." +msgstr "" +"如果已经进行了许多调用，但是你只对它们的一个特定序列感兴趣则有一种替代方式是使用 :meth:`~Mock.assert_has_calls` 方法。 " +"这需要一个调用的列表（使用 :data:`call` 对象来构建）。 如果该调用序列在 :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` " +"中则断言将成功。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1258 +msgid "" +"Even though the chained call ``m.one().two().three()`` aren't the only calls" +" that have been made to the mock, the assert still succeeds." +msgstr "即使链式调用 ``m.one().two().three()`` 不是对 mock 的唯一调用，该断言仍将成功。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"Sometimes a mock may have several calls made to it, and you are only " +"interested in asserting about *some* of those calls. You may not even care " +"about the order. In this case you can pass ``any_order=True`` to " +"``assert_has_calls``:" +msgstr "" +"有时可能会对一个 mock 进行多次调用，而你只对断言其中的 *某些* 调用感兴趣。 你甚至可能对顺序也不关心。 在这种情况下你可以将 " +"``any_order=True`` 传给 ``assert_has_calls``:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1273 +msgid "More complex argument matching" +msgstr "更复杂的参数匹配" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"Using the same basic concept as :data:`ANY` we can implement matchers to do " +"more complex assertions on objects used as arguments to mocks." +msgstr "使用与 :data:`ANY` 一样的基本概念我们可以实现匹配器以便在用作 mock 的参数的对象上执行更复杂的断言。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Suppose we expect some object to be passed to a mock that by default " +"compares equal based on object identity (which is the Python default for " +"user defined classes). To use :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` we would need" +" to pass in the exact same object. If we are only interested in some of the " +"attributes of this object then we can create a matcher that will check these" +" attributes for us." +msgstr "" +"假设我们准备将某个对象传给一个在默认情况下基于对象标识相等（这是 Python 中用户自定义类的默认行为）的 mock。 要使用 " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` 我们就将必须传入完全相同的对象。 " +"如果我们只对该对象的某些属性感兴趣那么我们可以创建一个能为我们检查这些属性的匹配器。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1285 +msgid "" +"You can see in this example how a 'standard' call to ``assert_called_with`` " +"isn't sufficient:" +msgstr "在这个示例中你可以看到为何执行对 ``assert_called_with`` 的‘标准’调用并不足够:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"A comparison function for our ``Foo`` class might look something like this:" +msgstr "一个针对我们的 ``Foo`` 类的比较函数看上去会是这样的:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1313 +msgid "" +"And a matcher object that can use comparison functions like this for its " +"equality operation would look something like this:" +msgstr "而一个可以使用这样的比较函数进行相等性比较运算的匹配器对象看上去会是这样的:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1324 +msgid "Putting all this together:" +msgstr "将所有这些放在一起:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1329 +msgid "" +"The ``Matcher`` is instantiated with our compare function and the ``Foo`` " +"object we want to compare against. In ``assert_called_with`` the ``Matcher``" +" equality method will be called, which compares the object the mock was " +"called with against the one we created our matcher with. If they match then " +"``assert_called_with`` passes, and if they don't an :exc:`AssertionError` is" +" raised:" +msgstr "" +"``Matcher`` 是用我们的比较函数和我们想要比较的 ``Foo`` 对象来实例化的。 在 ``assert_called_with`` " +"中将会调用 ``Matcher`` 的相等性方法，它会将调用 mock 时附带的对象与我们创建我们的匹配器时附带的对象进行比较。 如果它们匹配则 " +"``assert_called_with`` 通过，而如果不匹配则会引发 :exc:`AssertionError`:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1342 +msgid "" +"With a bit of tweaking you could have the comparison function raise the " +":exc:`AssertionError` directly and provide a more useful failure message." +msgstr "通过一些调整你可以让比较函数直接引发 :exc:`AssertionError` 并提供更有用的失败消息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock-examples.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"As of version 1.5, the Python testing library `PyHamcrest " +"`_ provides similar functionality, that " +"may be useful here, in the form of its equality matcher " +"(`hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality " +"`_)." +msgstr "" +"从 1.5 版开始，Python 测试库 `PyHamcrest `_ " +"提供了类似的功能，在这里可能会很有用，它采用的形式是相等性匹配器 " +"(`hamcrest.library.integration.match_equality " +"`_)。" diff --git a/library/unittest.mock.po b/library/unittest.mock.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6dcf277e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/unittest.mock.po @@ -0,0 +1,3880 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Yon Liu , 2021 +# paradise321 <13386688@qq.com>, 2021 +# kevin wong , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!unittest.mock` --- mock object library" +msgstr ":mod:`!unittest.mock` --- 模拟对象库" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/unittest/mock.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/unittest/mock.py`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:16 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` is a library for testing in Python. It allows you to " +"replace parts of your system under test with mock objects and make " +"assertions about how they have been used." +msgstr "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` " +"是一个用于测试的Python库。它允许使用模拟对象来替换受测系统的一些部分，并对这些部分如何被使用进行断言判断。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:20 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` provides a core :class:`Mock` class removing the need " +"to create a host of stubs throughout your test suite. After performing an " +"action, you can make assertions about which methods / attributes were used " +"and arguments they were called with. You can also specify return values and " +"set needed attributes in the normal way." +msgstr "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` 提供的 :class:`Mock` " +"类，能在整个测试套件中模拟大量的方法。创建后，就可以断言调用了哪些方法/属性及其参数。还可以以常规方式指定返回值并设置所需的属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Additionally, mock provides a :func:`patch` decorator that handles patching " +"module and class level attributes within the scope of a test, along with " +":const:`sentinel` for creating unique objects. See the `quick guide`_ for " +"some examples of how to use :class:`Mock`, :class:`MagicMock` and " +":func:`patch`." +msgstr "" +"此外，mock 还提供了用于修补测试范围内模块和类级别属性的 :func:`patch` 装饰器，和用于创建独特对象的 " +":const:`sentinel` 。 阅读 `quick guide`_ 中的案例了解如何使用 :class:`Mock` " +"，:class:`MagicMock` 和 :func:`patch` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Mock is designed for use with :mod:`unittest` and is based on the 'action ->" +" assertion' pattern instead of 'record -> replay' used by many mocking " +"frameworks." +msgstr "" +"mock 被设计为配合 :mod:`unittest` 使用且它是基于 'action -> assertion' 模式而非许多模拟框架所使用的 " +"'record -> replay' 模式。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:36 +msgid "" +"There is a backport of :mod:`unittest.mock` for earlier versions of Python, " +"available as :pypi:`mock` on PyPI." +msgstr "" +"对于较早版本的 Python 有一个反向移植的 :mod:`unittest.mock`，即在 PyPI 上可用的 :pypi:`mock`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:41 +msgid "Quick Guide" +msgstr "快速上手" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:59 +msgid "" +":class:`Mock` and :class:`MagicMock` objects create all attributes and " +"methods as you access them and store details of how they have been used. You" +" can configure them, to specify return values or limit what attributes are " +"available, and then make assertions about how they have been used:" +msgstr "" +"当您访问对象时， :class:`Mock` 和 :class:`MagicMock` " +"将创建所有属性和方法，并保存他们在使用时的细节。你可以通过配置，指定返回值或者限制可访问属性，然后断言他们如何被调用：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:71 +msgid "" +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` allows you to perform side effects, including " +"raising an exception when a mock is called:" +msgstr ":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 允许你执行附带影响，包括在 mock 被调用时引发一个异常：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:92 +msgid "" +"Mock has many other ways you can configure it and control its behaviour. For" +" example the *spec* argument configures the mock to take its specification " +"from another object. Attempting to access attributes or methods on the mock " +"that don't exist on the spec will fail with an :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"Mock 还可以通过其他方法配置和控制其行为。例如 mock 可以通过设置 *spec* " +"参数来从一个对象中获取其规格(specification)。如果访问 mock 的属性或方法不在 spec 中，会报 " +":exc:`AttributeError` 错误。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:97 +msgid "" +"The :func:`patch` decorator / context manager makes it easy to mock classes " +"or objects in a module under test. The object you specify will be replaced " +"with a mock (or other object) during the test and restored when the test " +"ends::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`patch` 装饰去/上下文管理器，可以更方便地测试一个模块下的类或对象。你指定的对象会在测试过程中替换成 mock " +"（或者其他对象），测试结束后恢复。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:101 +msgid "" +">>> from unittest.mock import patch\n" +">>> @patch('module.ClassName2')\n" +"... @patch('module.ClassName1')\n" +"... def test(MockClass1, MockClass2):\n" +"... module.ClassName1()\n" +"... module.ClassName2()\n" +"... assert MockClass1 is module.ClassName1\n" +"... assert MockClass2 is module.ClassName2\n" +"... assert MockClass1.called\n" +"... assert MockClass2.called\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" +msgstr "" +">>> from unittest.mock import patch\n" +">>> @patch('module.ClassName2')\n" +"... @patch('module.ClassName1')\n" +"... def test(MockClass1, MockClass2):\n" +"... module.ClassName1()\n" +"... module.ClassName2()\n" +"... assert MockClass1 is module.ClassName1\n" +"... assert MockClass2 is module.ClassName2\n" +"... assert MockClass1.called\n" +"... assert MockClass2.called\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:116 +msgid "" +"When you nest patch decorators the mocks are passed in to the decorated " +"function in the same order they applied (the normal *Python* order that " +"decorators are applied). This means from the bottom up, so in the example " +"above the mock for ``module.ClassName1`` is passed in first." +msgstr "" +"当你嵌套 patch 装饰器时，mock 将以执行顺序传递给装饰器函数（*Python* 装饰器正常顺序）。由于从下至上，因此在上面的示例中，首先 " +"mock 传入的 ``module.ClassName1`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:121 +msgid "" +"With :func:`patch` it matters that you patch objects in the namespace where " +"they are looked up. This is normally straightforward, but for a quick guide " +"read :ref:`where to patch `." +msgstr "" +"在查找对象的名称空间中修补对象使用 :func:`patch` 。使用起来很简单，阅读 :ref:`在哪里打补丁 ` " +"来快速上手。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:125 +msgid "" +"As well as a decorator :func:`patch` can be used as a context manager in a " +"with statement:" +msgstr ":func:`patch` 也可以 with 语句中使用上下文管理。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:135 +msgid "" +"There is also :func:`patch.dict` for setting values in a dictionary just " +"during a scope and restoring the dictionary to its original state when the " +"test ends:" +msgstr "还有一个 :func:`patch.dict` 用于在一定范围内设置字典中的值，并在测试结束时将字典恢复为其原始状态：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Mock supports the mocking of Python :ref:`magic methods `. " +"The easiest way of using magic methods is with the :class:`MagicMock` class." +" It allows you to do things like:" +msgstr "" +"Mock支持 Python :ref:`魔术方法 ` 。使用模式方法最简单的方式是使用 " +":class:`MagicMock` class. 。它可以做如下事情：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:156 +msgid "" +"Mock allows you to assign functions (or other Mock instances) to magic " +"methods and they will be called appropriately. The :class:`MagicMock` class " +"is just a Mock variant that has all of the magic methods pre-created for you" +" (well, all the useful ones anyway)." +msgstr "" +"Mock 能指定函数（或其他 Mock 实例）为魔术方法，它们将被适当地调用。 :class:`MagicMock` " +"是预先创建了所有魔术方法（所有有用的方法） 的 Mock 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:161 +msgid "" +"The following is an example of using magic methods with the ordinary Mock " +"class:" +msgstr "下面是一个使用了普通 Mock 类的魔术方法的例子" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:169 +msgid "" +"For ensuring that the mock objects in your tests have the same api as the " +"objects they are replacing, you can use :ref:`auto-speccing `. Auto-speccing can be done through the *autospec* argument to " +"patch, or the :func:`create_autospec` function. Auto-speccing creates mock " +"objects that have the same attributes and methods as the objects they are " +"replacing, and any functions and methods (including constructors) have the " +"same call signature as the real object." +msgstr "" +"使用 :ref:`auto-speccing ` 可以保证测试中的模拟对象与要替换的对象具有相同的api 。在 patch" +" 中可以通过 *autospec* 参数实现自动推断，或者使用 :func:`create_autospec` " +"函数。自动推断会创建一个与要替换对象相同的属相和方法的模拟对象，并且任何函数和方法（包括构造函数）都具有与真实对象相同的调用签名。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:177 +msgid "" +"This ensures that your mocks will fail in the same way as your production " +"code if they are used incorrectly:" +msgstr "这么做是为了因确保不当地使用 mock 导致与生产代码相同的失败：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:193 +msgid "" +":func:`create_autospec` can also be used on classes, where it copies the " +"signature of the ``__init__`` method, and on callable objects where it " +"copies the signature of the ``__call__`` method." +msgstr "" +"在类中使用 :func:`create_autospec` 时，会复制 ``__init__`` 方法的签名，另外在可调用对象上使用时，会复制 " +"``__call__`` 方法的签名。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:200 +msgid "The Mock Class" +msgstr "Mock 类" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:213 +msgid "" +":class:`Mock` is a flexible mock object intended to replace the use of stubs" +" and test doubles throughout your code. Mocks are callable and create " +"attributes as new mocks when you access them [#]_. Accessing the same " +"attribute will always return the same mock. Mocks record how you use them, " +"allowing you to make assertions about what your code has done to them." +msgstr "" +":class:`Mock` 是一个可以灵活的替换存根 (stubs) 的对象，可以测试所有代码。 Mock 是可调用的，在访问其属性时创建一个新的 " +"mock [#]_ 。访问相同的属性只会返回相同的 mock 。 Mock 会保存调用记录，可以通过断言获悉代码的调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:219 +msgid "" +":class:`MagicMock` is a subclass of :class:`Mock` with all the magic methods" +" pre-created and ready to use. There are also non-callable variants, useful " +"when you are mocking out objects that aren't callable: " +":class:`NonCallableMock` and :class:`NonCallableMagicMock`" +msgstr "" +":class:`MagicMock` 是 :class:`Mock` 的子类，它有所有预创建且可使用的魔术方法。在需要模拟不可调用对象时，可以使用 " +":class:`NonCallableMock`  和 :class:`NonCallableMagicMock`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:224 +msgid "" +"The :func:`patch` decorators makes it easy to temporarily replace classes in" +" a particular module with a :class:`Mock` object. By default :func:`patch` " +"will create a :class:`MagicMock` for you. You can specify an alternative " +"class of :class:`Mock` using the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`." +msgstr "" +":func:`patch` 装饰器使得用 :class:`Mock` 对象临时替换特定模块中的类非常方便。 默认情况下 :func:`patch` " +"将为你创建一个 :class:`MagicMock`。 你可以使用 :func:`patch` 的 *new_callable* 参数指定替代 " +":class:`Mock` 的类。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Create a new :class:`Mock` object. :class:`Mock` takes several optional " +"arguments that specify the behaviour of the Mock object:" +msgstr "创建一个新的 :class:`Mock` 对象。通过可选参数指定 :class:`Mock` 对象的行为：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:235 +msgid "" +"*spec*: This can be either a list of strings or an existing object (a class " +"or instance) that acts as the specification for the mock object. If you pass" +" in an object then a list of strings is formed by calling dir on the object " +"(excluding unsupported magic attributes and methods). Accessing any " +"attribute not in this list will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"*spec*: 可以是要给字符串列表，也可以是充当模拟对象规范的现有对象（类或实例）。如果传入一个对象，则通过在该对象上调用 dir " +"来生成字符串列表（不支持的魔法属性和方法除外）。访问不在此列表中的任何属性都将触发 :exc:`AttributeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:241 +msgid "" +"If *spec* is an object (rather than a list of strings) then " +":attr:`~object.__class__` returns the class of the spec object. This allows " +"mocks to pass :func:`isinstance` tests." +msgstr "" +"如果 *spec* 是一个对象（而不是字符串列表）则 :attr:`~object.__class__` 将返回 spec 对象的类。 这允许 mock" +" 通过 :func:`isinstance` 测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:245 +msgid "" +"*spec_set*: A stricter variant of *spec*. If used, attempting to *set* or " +"get an attribute on the mock that isn't on the object passed as *spec_set* " +"will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"*spec_set* ：*spec* 的更严格的变体。如果使用了该属性，尝试模拟 *set* 或 *get* 的属性不在 *spec_set* " +"所包含的对象中时，会抛出 :exc:`AttributeError` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:249 +msgid "" +"*side_effect*: A function to be called whenever the Mock is called. See the " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` attribute. Useful for raising exceptions or " +"dynamically changing return values. The function is called with the same " +"arguments as the mock, and unless it returns :data:`DEFAULT`, the return " +"value of this function is used as the return value." +msgstr "" +"*side_effect* ：每当调用 Mock 时都会调用的函数。 参见 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 属性。 " +"对于引发异常或动态更改返回值很有用。 该函数使用与 mock 函数相同的参数调用，并且除非返回 :data:`DEFAULT` " +"，否则该函数的返回值将用作返回值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Alternatively *side_effect* can be an exception class or instance. In this " +"case the exception will be raised when the mock is called." +msgstr "另外， *side_effect* 可以是异常类或实例。 此时，调用模拟程序时将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:258 +msgid "" +"If *side_effect* is an iterable then each call to the mock will return the " +"next value from the iterable." +msgstr "如果 *side_effect* 是可迭代对象，则每次调用 mock 都将返回可迭代对象的下一个值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:261 +msgid "A *side_effect* can be cleared by setting it to ``None``." +msgstr "设置 *side_effect* 为 ``None`` 即可清空。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:263 +msgid "" +"*return_value*: The value returned when the mock is called. By default this " +"is a new Mock (created on first access). See the :attr:`return_value` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" +"*return_value* ：调用 mock 的返回值。 默认情况下，是一个新的Mock（在首次访问时创建）。 参见 " +":attr:`return_value` 属性 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:267 +msgid "" +"*unsafe*: By default, accessing any attribute whose name starts with " +"*assert*, *assret*, *asert*, *aseert* or *assrt* will raise an " +":exc:`AttributeError`. Passing ``unsafe=True`` will allow access to these " +"attributes." +msgstr "" +"*unsafe*: 在默认情况下，访问任何名字以 *assert*, *assret*, *asert*, *aseert* 或 *assrt* " +"开头的属性都将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。 传入 ``unsafe=True`` 将允许访问这些属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:274 +msgid "" +"*wraps*: Item for the mock object to wrap. If *wraps* is not ``None`` then " +"calling the Mock will pass the call through to the wrapped object (returning" +" the real result). Attribute access on the mock will return a Mock object " +"that wraps the corresponding attribute of the wrapped object (so attempting " +"to access an attribute that doesn't exist will raise an " +":exc:`AttributeError`)." +msgstr "" +"*wraps* ：要包装的 mock 对象。 如果 *wraps* 不是 ``None`` ，那么调用 Mock 会将调用传递给 *wraps* " +"的对象（返回实际结果）。 对模拟的属性访问将返回一个 Mock 对象，该对象包装了 *wraps* 对象的相应属性（因此，尝试访问不存在的属性将引发 " +":exc:`AttributeError` ）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:281 +msgid "" +"If the mock has an explicit *return_value* set then calls are not passed to " +"the wrapped object and the *return_value* is returned instead." +msgstr "如果明确指定 *return_value* ，则调用时不会返回包装对象，而是返回 *return_value* 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:284 +msgid "" +"*name*: If the mock has a name then it will be used in the repr of the mock." +" This can be useful for debugging. The name is propagated to child mocks." +msgstr "*name* ：mock 的名称。 在调试时很有用。 名称会传递到子 mock 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Mocks can also be called with arbitrary keyword arguments. These will be " +"used to set attributes on the mock after it is created. See the " +":meth:`configure_mock` method for details." +msgstr "" +"还可以使用任意关键字参数来调用 mock 。 创建模拟后，将使用这些属性来设置 mock 的属性。 有关详细信息，请参见 " +":meth:`configure_mock` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:294 +msgid "Assert that the mock was called at least once." +msgstr "断言 mock 已被调用至少一次。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:305 +msgid "Assert that the mock was called exactly once." +msgstr "断言 mock 已被调用恰好一次。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:324 +msgid "" +"This method is a convenient way of asserting that the last call has been " +"made in a particular way:" +msgstr "此方法是断言上次调用已以特定方式进行的一种便捷方法：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Assert that the mock was called exactly once and that call was with the " +"specified arguments." +msgstr "断言 mock 已被调用恰好一次，并且向该调用传入了指定的参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:349 +msgid "assert the mock has been called with the specified arguments." +msgstr "断言 mock 已被调用并附带了指定的参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:351 +msgid "" +"The assert passes if the mock has *ever* been called, unlike " +":meth:`assert_called_with` and :meth:`assert_called_once_with` that only " +"pass if the call is the most recent one, and in the case of " +":meth:`assert_called_once_with` it must also be the only call." +msgstr "" +"如果 mock *曾经* 被调用过则断言通过，不同于 :meth:`assert_called_with` 和 " +":meth:`assert_called_once_with` 那样只有在调用是最近的一次时才会通过，而对于 " +":meth:`assert_called_once_with` 则它还必须是唯一的一次调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:364 +msgid "" +"assert the mock has been called with the specified calls. The " +":attr:`mock_calls` list is checked for the calls." +msgstr "断言 mock 已附带指定的参数被调用。 将针对这些调用检查 :attr:`mock_calls` 列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:367 +msgid "" +"If *any_order* is false then the calls must be sequential. There can be " +"extra calls before or after the specified calls." +msgstr "如果 *any_order* 为假值则调用必须是顺序进行的。 在指定的调用之前或之后还可以有额外的调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:371 +msgid "" +"If *any_order* is true then the calls can be in any order, but they must all" +" appear in :attr:`mock_calls`." +msgstr "如果 *any_order* 为真值则调用可以是任意顺序的，但它们都必须在 :attr:`mock_calls` 中出现。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:386 +msgid "Assert the mock was never called." +msgstr "断言 mock 从未被调用过。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:402 +msgid "The reset_mock method resets all the call attributes on a mock object:" +msgstr "reset_mock 方法将在 mock 对象上重围所有的调用属性:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:404 +msgid "" +">>> mock = Mock(return_value=None)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +">>> mock.called\n" +"True\n" +">>> mock.reset_mock()\n" +">>> mock.called\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> mock = Mock(return_value=None)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +">>> mock.called\n" +"True\n" +">>> mock.reset_mock()\n" +">>> mock.called\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:414 +msgid "" +"This can be useful where you want to make a series of assertions that reuse " +"the same object." +msgstr "这在你希望执行重用相同对象的一系列断言的场合下将会很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:417 +msgid "" +"*return_value* parameter when set to ``True`` resets :attr:`return_value`:" +msgstr "*return_value* 形参在设为 ``True`` 时将重置 :attr:`return_value`:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:419 +msgid "" +">>> mock = Mock(return_value=5)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"5\n" +">>> mock.reset_mock(return_value=True)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> mock = Mock(return_value=5)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"5\n" +">>> mock.reset_mock(return_value=True)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:428 +msgid "" +"*side_effect* parameter when set to ``True`` resets :attr:`side_effect`:" +msgstr "*side_effect* 形参在设为 ``True`` 将重置 :attr:`side_effect`:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:430 +msgid "" +">>> mock = Mock(side_effect=ValueError)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError\n" +">>> mock.reset_mock(side_effect=True)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> mock = Mock(side_effect=ValueError)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError\n" +">>> mock.reset_mock(side_effect=True)\n" +">>> mock('hello')\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:441 +msgid "" +"Note that :meth:`reset_mock` *doesn't* clear the :attr:`return_value`, " +":attr:`side_effect` or any child attributes you have set using normal " +"assignment by default." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :meth:`reset_mock` 在默认情况下 *不会* 清除 :attr:`return_value`, " +":attr:`side_effect` 或任何你使用普通赋值设置的子属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:445 +msgid "Child mocks are reset as well." +msgstr "子 mock 也会被重置。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:447 +msgid "Added two keyword-only arguments to the reset_mock function." +msgstr "向 reset_mock 函数添加了两个仅限关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:452 +msgid "" +"Add a spec to a mock. *spec* can either be an object or a list of strings. " +"Only attributes on the *spec* can be fetched as attributes from the mock." +msgstr "为 mock 添加描述。 *spec* 可以是一个对象或字符串列表。 只有 *spec* 上的属性可以作为来自 mock 的属性被获取。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:456 +msgid "If *spec_set* is true then only attributes on the spec can be set." +msgstr "如果 *spec_set* 为真值则只有 spec 上的属性可以被设置。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:461 +msgid "" +"Attach a mock as an attribute of this one, replacing its name and parent. " +"Calls to the attached mock will be recorded in the :attr:`method_calls` and " +":attr:`mock_calls` attributes of this one." +msgstr "" +"附加一个 mock 作为这一个的属性，替换它的名称和上级。 对附加 mock 的调用将记录在这一个的 :attr:`method_calls` 和 " +":attr:`mock_calls` 属性中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:468 +msgid "Set attributes on the mock through keyword arguments." +msgstr "通过关键字参数在 mock 上设置属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Attributes plus return values and side effects can be set on child mocks " +"using standard dot notation and unpacking a dictionary in the method call:" +msgstr "属性加返回值和附带影响可以使用标准点号标记在子 mock 上设置并在方法调用中解包一个字典:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:484 +msgid "The same thing can be achieved in the constructor call to mocks:" +msgstr "同样的操作可在对 mock 的构造器调用中达成:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:497 +msgid "" +":meth:`configure_mock` exists to make it easier to do configuration after " +"the mock has been created." +msgstr ":meth:`configure_mock` 的存在是使得 mock 被创建之后的配置更为容易。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:503 +msgid "" +":class:`Mock` objects limit the results of ``dir(some_mock)`` to useful " +"results. For mocks with a *spec* this includes all the permitted attributes " +"for the mock." +msgstr "" +":class:`Mock` 对象会将 ``dir(some_mock)`` 的结果限制为有用结果。 对于带有 *spec* 的 mock 这还包括 " +"mock 的所有被允许的属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:507 +msgid "" +"See :data:`FILTER_DIR` for what this filtering does, and how to switch it " +"off." +msgstr "请查看 :data:`FILTER_DIR` 了解此过滤做了什么，以及如何停用它。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Create the child mocks for attributes and return value. By default child " +"mocks will be the same type as the parent. Subclasses of Mock may want to " +"override this to customize the way child mocks are made." +msgstr "" +"创建针对属性和返回值的子 mock。 默认情况下子 mock 将为与其上级相同的类型。 Mock 的子类可能需要重载它来定制子 mock 的创建方式。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:518 +msgid "" +"For non-callable mocks the callable variant will be used (rather than any " +"custom subclass)." +msgstr "对于非可调用的 mock 将会使用可调用的变化形式（而非不是任意的自定义子类）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:524 +msgid "A boolean representing whether or not the mock object has been called:" +msgstr "一个表示 mock 对象是否已被调用的布尔值:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:535 +msgid "An integer telling you how many times the mock object has been called:" +msgstr "一个告诉你 mock 对象已被调用多少次的整数值:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:547 +msgid "Set this to configure the value returned by calling the mock:" +msgstr "设置这个来配置通过调用该 mock 所返回的值:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:554 +msgid "" +"The default return value is a mock object and you can configure it in the " +"normal way:" +msgstr "默认的返回值是一个 mock 对象并且你可以通过正常方式来配置它:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:563 +msgid ":attr:`return_value` can also be set in the constructor:" +msgstr ":attr:`return_value` 也可以在构造器中设置:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:574 +msgid "" +"This can either be a function to be called when the mock is called, an " +"iterable or an exception (class or instance) to be raised." +msgstr "" +"这可以是当该This can either be a function to be called when the mock " +"被调用时将被调用的一个函数，可调用对象或者要被引发的异常（类或实例）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:577 +msgid "" +"If you pass in a function it will be called with same arguments as the mock " +"and unless the function returns the :data:`DEFAULT` singleton the call to " +"the mock will then return whatever the function returns. If the function " +"returns :data:`DEFAULT` then the mock will return its normal value (from the" +" :attr:`return_value`)." +msgstr "" +"如果你传入一个函数则它将附带与该 mock 相同的参数被调用并且除了该函数返回 :data:`DEFAULT` 单例的情况以外对该 mock " +"的调用都将随后返回该函数所返回的任何东西。 如果该函数返回 :data:`DEFAULT` 则该 mock 将返回其正常值 (来自 " +":attr:`return_value`)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:583 +msgid "" +"If you pass in an iterable, it is used to retrieve an iterator which must " +"yield a value on every call. This value can either be an exception instance" +" to be raised, or a value to be returned from the call to the mock " +"(:data:`DEFAULT` handling is identical to the function case)." +msgstr "" +"如果你传入一个可迭代对象，它会被用来获取一个在每次调用时必须产生一个值的迭代器。 这个值可以是一个要被引发的异常实例，或是一个要从该调用返回给 mock" +" 的值 (:data:`DEFAULT` 处理与函数的情况一致)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:588 +msgid "" +"An example of a mock that raises an exception (to test exception handling of" +" an API):" +msgstr "一个引发异常（来测试 API 的异常处理）的 mock 的示例:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:598 +msgid "Using :attr:`side_effect` to return a sequence of values:" +msgstr "使用 :attr:`side_effect` 来返回包含多个值的序列:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:605 +msgid "Using a callable:" +msgstr "使用一个可调用对象:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:615 +msgid "" +":attr:`side_effect` can be set in the constructor. Here's an example that " +"adds one to the value the mock is called with and returns it:" +msgstr ":attr:`side_effect` 可以在构造器中设置。 下面是在 mock 被调用时增加一个该属性值并返回它的例子:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:625 +msgid "Setting :attr:`side_effect` to ``None`` clears it:" +msgstr "将 :attr:`side_effect` 设为 ``None`` 可以清除它:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:639 +msgid "" +"This is either ``None`` (if the mock hasn't been called), or the arguments " +"that the mock was last called with. This will be in the form of a tuple: the" +" first member, which can also be accessed through the ``args`` property, is " +"any ordered arguments the mock was called with (or an empty tuple) and the " +"second member, which can also be accessed through the ``kwargs`` property, " +"is any keyword arguments (or an empty dictionary)." +msgstr "" +"这可以是 ``None`` (如果 mock 没有被调用)，或是 mock 最近一次被调用时附带的参数。 这将采用元组的形式：第一个成员也可以通过 " +"``args`` 特征属性来访问，它是 mock 被调用时所附带的任何位置参数 (或为空元组)，而第二个成员也可以通过 ``kwargs`` " +"特征属性来访问，它则是任何关键字参数 (或为空字典)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:672 +msgid "" +":attr:`call_args`, along with members of the lists :attr:`call_args_list`, " +":attr:`method_calls` and :attr:`mock_calls` are :data:`call` objects. These " +"are tuples, so they can be unpacked to get at the individual arguments and " +"make more complex assertions. See :ref:`calls as tuples `." +msgstr "" +":attr:`call_args`，以及列表 :attr:`call_args_list`, :attr:`method_calls` 和 " +":attr:`mock_calls` 的成员都是 :data:`call` 对象。 " +"这些对象属性元组，因此它们可被解包以获得单独的参数并创建更复杂的断言。 参见 :ref:`作为元组的 call `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:678 +msgid "Added ``args`` and ``kwargs`` properties." +msgstr "增加了 ``args`` 和 ``kwargs`` 特征属性。properties." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:684 +msgid "" +"This is a list of all the calls made to the mock object in sequence (so the " +"length of the list is the number of times it has been called). Before any " +"calls have been made it is an empty list. The :data:`call` object can be " +"used for conveniently constructing lists of calls to compare with " +":attr:`call_args_list`." +msgstr "" +"这是一个已排序的对 mock 对象的所有调用的列表（因此该列表的长度就是它已被调用的次数）。 在执行任何调用之前它将是一个空列表。 " +":data:`call` 对象可以被用来方便地构造调用列表以与 :attr:`call_args_list` 相比较。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:700 +msgid "" +"Members of :attr:`call_args_list` are :data:`call` objects. These can be " +"unpacked as tuples to get at the individual arguments. See :ref:`calls as " +"tuples `." +msgstr "" +":attr:`call_args_list` 的成员均为 :data:`call` 对象。 它们可作为元组被解包以获得单个参数。 参见 " +":ref:`作为元组的 call `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:707 +msgid "" +"As well as tracking calls to themselves, mocks also track calls to methods " +"and attributes, and *their* methods and attributes:" +msgstr "除了会追踪对其自身的调用，mock 还会追踪对方法和属性，以及 *它们的* 方法和属性的访问:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:718 +msgid "" +"Members of :attr:`method_calls` are :data:`call` objects. These can be " +"unpacked as tuples to get at the individual arguments. See :ref:`calls as " +"tuples `." +msgstr "" +":attr:`method_calls` 的成员均为 :data:`call` 对象。 它们可以作为元组被解包以获得单个参数。 参见 " +":ref:`作为元组的 call `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:725 +msgid "" +":attr:`mock_calls` records *all* calls to the mock object, its methods, " +"magic methods *and* return value mocks." +msgstr ":attr:`mock_calls` 会记录 *所有* 对 mock 对象、它的方法、魔术方法的调用 *以及* 返回值的 mock。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:743 +msgid "" +"Members of :attr:`mock_calls` are :data:`call` objects. These can be " +"unpacked as tuples to get at the individual arguments. See :ref:`calls as " +"tuples `." +msgstr "" +":attr:`mock_calls` 的成员均为 :data:`call` 对象。 它们可以作为元组被解包以获得单个参数。 参见 :ref:`作为元组的" +" call `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:749 +msgid "" +"The way :attr:`mock_calls` are recorded means that where nested calls are " +"made, the parameters of ancestor calls are not recorded and so will always " +"compare equal:" +msgstr ":attr:`mock_calls` 的记录方式意味着在进行嵌套调用时，之前调用的形参不会被记录因而这样的比较将总是相等:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:763 +msgid "" +"Normally the :attr:`!__class__` attribute of an object will return its type." +" For a mock object with a :attr:`!spec`, :attr:`!__class__` returns the spec" +" class instead. This allows mock objects to pass :func:`isinstance` tests " +"for the object they are replacing / masquerading as:" +msgstr "" +"通常一个对象的 :attr:`!__class__` 属性将返回其类型。 对于具有 :attr:`!spec` 的 mock " +"对象，:attr:`!__class__` 将改为返回 spec 类。 这允许 mock 为它们所替换 / 屏蔽的对象跳过 " +":func:`isinstance` 测试：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:772 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__class__` is assignable to, this allows a mock to pass an " +":func:`isinstance` check without forcing you to use a spec:" +msgstr "" +":attr:`!__class__` 是可以被赋值的，这允许 mock 跳过 :func:`isinstance` 检测而不强制要求你使用 spec：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:782 +msgid "" +"A non-callable version of :class:`Mock`. The constructor parameters have the" +" same meaning of :class:`Mock`, with the exception of *return_value* and " +"*side_effect* which have no meaning on a non-callable mock." +msgstr "" +"不可调用的 :class:`Mock` 版本。 其构造器的形参具有与 :class:`Mock` 相同的含义，区别在于 *return_value* 和" +" *side_effect* 在不可调用的 mock 上没有意义。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:786 +msgid "" +"Mock objects that use a class or an instance as a :attr:`!spec` or " +":attr:`!spec_set` are able to pass :func:`isinstance` tests:" +msgstr "" +"使用一个类或实例作为 :attr:`!spec` 或 :attr:`!spec_set` 的对象能够跳过 :func:`isinstance` 测试：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:796 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Mock` classes have support for mocking magic methods. See " +":ref:`magic methods ` for the full details." +msgstr "" +":class:`Mock` 类具有对 mock 操作魔术方法的支持。 请参阅 :ref:`魔术方法 ` 了解完整细节。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:799 +msgid "" +"The mock classes and the :func:`patch` decorators all take arbitrary keyword" +" arguments for configuration. For the :func:`patch` decorators the keywords " +"are passed to the constructor of the mock being created. The keyword " +"arguments are for configuring attributes of the mock:" +msgstr "" +"mock 操作类和 :func:`patch` 装饰器都接受任意关键字参数用于配置。 对于 :func:`patch` " +"装饰器来说关键字参数会被传给所创建 mock 的构造器。 这些关键字被用于配置 mock 的属性:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:810 +msgid "" +"The return value and side effect of child mocks can be set in the same way, " +"using dotted notation. As you can't use dotted names directly in a call you " +"have to create a dictionary and unpack it using ``**``:" +msgstr "" +"子 mock 的返回值和附带效果也可使用带点号的标记通过相同的方式来设置。 由于你无法直接在调用中使用带点号的名称因此你需要创建一个字典并使用 " +"``**`` 来解包它:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:825 +msgid "" +"A callable mock which was created with a *spec* (or a *spec_set*) will " +"introspect the specification object's signature when matching calls to the " +"mock. Therefore, it can match the actual call's arguments regardless of " +"whether they were passed positionally or by name::" +msgstr "" +"使用 *spec* (或 *spec_set*) 创建的可调用 mock 将在匹配调用与 mock 时内省规格说明对象的签名。 " +"因此，它可以匹配实际调用的参数而不必关心它们是按位置还是按名称传入的::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:830 +msgid "" +">>> def f(a, b, c): pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> mock = Mock(spec=f)\n" +">>> mock(1, 2, c=3)\n" +"\n" +">>> mock.assert_called_with(1, 2, 3)\n" +">>> mock.assert_called_with(a=1, b=2, c=3)" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(a, b, c): pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> mock = Mock(spec=f)\n" +">>> mock(1, 2, c=3)\n" +"\n" +">>> mock.assert_called_with(1, 2, 3)\n" +">>> mock.assert_called_with(a=1, b=2, c=3)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:838 +msgid "" +"This applies to :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with`, " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with`, :meth:`~Mock.assert_has_calls` and " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_any_call`. When :ref:`auto-speccing`, it will also " +"apply to method calls on the mock object." +msgstr "" +"这适用于 :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with`, " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with`, :meth:`~Mock.assert_has_calls` 和 " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_any_call`。 当执行 :ref:`auto-speccing` 时，它还将应用于 mock " +"对象的方法调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:843 +msgid "Added signature introspection on specced and autospecced mock objects." +msgstr "添加了在附带规格说明和自动规格说明的 mock 对象上的签名内省" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:849 +msgid "" +"A mock intended to be used as a :class:`property`, or other " +":term:`descriptor`, on a class. :class:`PropertyMock` provides " +":meth:`~object.__get__` and :meth:`~object.__set__` methods so you can " +"specify a return value when it is fetched." +msgstr "" +"旨在作为类的 :class:`property` 或其他 :term:`descriptor` 的 mock。 " +":class:`PropertyMock` 提供了 :meth:`~object.__get__` 和 :meth:`~object.__set__` " +"方法以便你可以在它被提取时指定一个返回值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:854 +msgid "" +"Fetching a :class:`PropertyMock` instance from an object calls the mock, " +"with no args. Setting it calls the mock with the value being set. ::" +msgstr "" +"当从一个对象提取 :class:`PropertyMock` 实例时将不附带任何参数地调用该 mock。 如果设置它则调用该 mock " +"时将附带被设置的值。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:857 +msgid "" +">>> class Foo:\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def foo(self):\n" +"... return 'something'\n" +"... @foo.setter\n" +"... def foo(self, value):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.Foo.foo', new_callable=PropertyMock) as mock_foo:\n" +"... mock_foo.return_value = 'mockity-mock'\n" +"... this_foo = Foo()\n" +"... print(this_foo.foo)\n" +"... this_foo.foo = 6\n" +"...\n" +"mockity-mock\n" +">>> mock_foo.mock_calls\n" +"[call(), call(6)]" +msgstr "" +">>> class Foo:\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def foo(self):\n" +"... return 'something'\n" +"... @foo.setter\n" +"... def foo(self, value):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.Foo.foo', new_callable=PropertyMock) as mock_foo:\n" +"... mock_foo.return_value = 'mockity-mock'\n" +"... this_foo = Foo()\n" +"... print(this_foo.foo)\n" +"... this_foo.foo = 6\n" +"...\n" +"mockity-mock\n" +">>> mock_foo.mock_calls\n" +"[call(), call(6)]" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:875 +msgid "" +"Because of the way mock attributes are stored you can't directly attach a " +":class:`PropertyMock` to a mock object. Instead you can attach it to the " +"mock type object::" +msgstr "" +"由于 mock 属性的存储方式你无法直接将 :class:`PropertyMock` 附加到一个 mock 对象。 但是你可以将它附加到 mock " +"类型对象::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:879 +msgid "" +">>> m = MagicMock()\n" +">>> p = PropertyMock(return_value=3)\n" +">>> type(m).foo = p\n" +">>> m.foo\n" +"3\n" +">>> p.assert_called_once_with()" +msgstr "" +">>> m = MagicMock()\n" +">>> p = PropertyMock(return_value=3)\n" +">>> type(m).foo = p\n" +">>> m.foo\n" +"3\n" +">>> p.assert_called_once_with()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:888 +msgid "" +"If an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised by :class:`PropertyMock`, it will be " +"interpreted as a missing descriptor and :meth:`~object.__getattr__` will be " +"called on the parent mock::" +msgstr "" +"如果由 :class:`PropertyMock` 引发了 :exc:`AttributeError`，它将被解读为缺少描述器并将在父 mock 上调用" +" :meth:`~object.__getattr__`::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:892 +msgid "" +">>> m = MagicMock()\n" +">>> no_attribute = PropertyMock(side_effect=AttributeError)\n" +">>> type(m).my_property = no_attribute\n" +">>> m.my_property\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> m = MagicMock()\n" +">>> no_attribute = PropertyMock(side_effect=AttributeError)\n" +">>> type(m).my_property = no_attribute\n" +">>> m.my_property\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:898 +msgid "See :meth:`~object.__getattr__` for details." +msgstr "请参阅 :meth:`~object.__getattr__` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:903 +msgid "" +"An asynchronous version of :class:`MagicMock`. The :class:`AsyncMock` object" +" will behave so the object is recognized as an async function, and the " +"result of a call is an awaitable." +msgstr "" +":class:`MagicMock` 的异步版本。 :class:`AsyncMock` " +"对象的行为方式将使该对象被识别为异步函数，其调用的结果将为可等待对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:913 +msgid "" +"The result of ``mock()`` is an async function which will have the outcome of" +" ``side_effect`` or ``return_value`` after it has been awaited:" +msgstr "" +"调用 ``mock()`` 的结果是一个异步函数，它在被等待之后将具有 ``side_effect`` 或 ``return_value`` 的结果:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:916 +msgid "" +"if ``side_effect`` is a function, the async function will return the result " +"of that function," +msgstr "如果 ``side_effect`` 是一个函数，则异步函数将返回该函数的结果," + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:918 +msgid "" +"if ``side_effect`` is an exception, the async function will raise the " +"exception," +msgstr "如果 ``side_effect`` 是一个异常，则异步函数将引发该异常," + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:920 +msgid "" +"if ``side_effect`` is an iterable, the async function will return the next " +"value of the iterable, however, if the sequence of result is exhausted, " +"``StopAsyncIteration`` is raised immediately," +msgstr "" +"如果 ``side_effect`` 是一个可迭代对象，则异步函数将返回该可迭代对象的下一个值，但是，如果结果序列被耗尽，则会立即引发 " +"``StopAsyncIteration``," + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:923 +msgid "" +"if ``side_effect`` is not defined, the async function will return the value " +"defined by ``return_value``, hence, by default, the async function returns a" +" new :class:`AsyncMock` object." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``side_effect`` 未被定义，则异步函数将返回is not defined, the async function will " +"return the value defined by ``return_value`` 所定义的值，因而，在默认情况下，异步函数会返回一个新的 " +":class:`AsyncMock` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:928 +msgid "" +"Setting the *spec* of a :class:`Mock` or :class:`MagicMock` to an async " +"function will result in a coroutine object being returned after calling." +msgstr "将 :class:`Mock` 或 :class:`MagicMock` 的 *spec* 设为异步函数将导致在调用后返回一个协程对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:940 +msgid "" +"Setting the *spec* of a :class:`Mock`, :class:`MagicMock`, or " +":class:`AsyncMock` to a class with asynchronous and synchronous functions " +"will automatically detect the synchronous functions and set them as " +":class:`MagicMock` (if the parent mock is :class:`AsyncMock` or " +":class:`MagicMock`) or :class:`Mock` (if the parent mock is :class:`Mock`). " +"All asynchronous functions will be :class:`AsyncMock`." +msgstr "" +"将 :class:`Mock`, :class:`MagicMock` 或 :class:`AsyncMock` 的 *spec* " +"设为带有异步和同步函数的类将自动删除其中的同步函数并将它们设为 :class:`MagicMock` (如果上级 mock 是 " +":class:`AsyncMock` 或 :class:`MagicMock`) 或者 :class:`Mock` (如果上级 mock 是 " +":class:`Mock`)。 所有异步函数都将为 :class:`AsyncMock`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:968 +msgid "" +"Assert that the mock was awaited at least once. Note that this is separate " +"from the object having been called, the ``await`` keyword must be used:" +msgstr "断言 mock 已被等待至少一次。 请注意这是从被调用的对象中分离出来的，必须要使用 ``await`` 关键字:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:987 +msgid "Assert that the mock was awaited exactly once." +msgstr "断言 mock 已被等待恰好一次。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1003 +msgid "Assert that the last await was with the specified arguments." +msgstr "断言上一次等待传入了指定的参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"Assert that the mock was awaited exactly once and with the specified " +"arguments." +msgstr "断言 mock 已被等待恰好一次并且附带了指定的参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1037 +msgid "Assert the mock has ever been awaited with the specified arguments." +msgstr "断言 mock 已附带了指定的参数被等待。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"Assert the mock has been awaited with the specified calls. The " +":attr:`await_args_list` list is checked for the awaits." +msgstr "断言 mock 已附带了指定的调用被等待。 将针对这些等待检查 :attr:`await_args_list` 列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"If *any_order* is false then the awaits must be sequential. There can be " +"extra calls before or after the specified awaits." +msgstr "如果 *any_order* 为假值则等待必须是顺序进行的。 在指定的等待之前或之后还可以有额外的调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"If *any_order* is true then the awaits can be in any order, but they must " +"all appear in :attr:`await_args_list`." +msgstr "如果 *any_order* 为真值则等待可以是任意顺序的，但它们都必须在 :attr:`await_args_list` 中出现。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1080 +msgid "Assert that the mock was never awaited." +msgstr "断言 mock 从未被等待过。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"See :func:`Mock.reset_mock`. Also sets :attr:`await_count` to 0, " +":attr:`await_args` to None, and clears the :attr:`await_args_list`." +msgstr "" +"参见 :func:`Mock.reset_mock`。 还会将 :attr:`await_count` 设为 0，将 " +":attr:`await_args` 设为 None，并清空 :attr:`await_args_list`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1092 +msgid "" +"An integer keeping track of how many times the mock object has been awaited." +msgstr "一个追踪 mock 对象已被等待多少次的整数值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"This is either ``None`` (if the mock hasn’t been awaited), or the arguments " +"that the mock was last awaited with. Functions the same as " +":attr:`Mock.call_args`." +msgstr "" +"这可能为 ``None`` (如果 mock 从未被等待)，或为该 mock 上一次被等待所附带的参数。 其功能与 " +":attr:`Mock.call_args` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1125 +msgid "" +"This is a list of all the awaits made to the mock object in sequence (so the" +" length of the list is the number of times it has been awaited). Before any " +"awaits have been made it is an empty list." +msgstr "这是由对 mock 对象按顺序执行的所有等待组成的列表（因此该列表的长度即它被等待的次数）。 在有任何等待被执行之前它将为一个空列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"A version of :class:`MagicMock` for multithreading tests. The " +":class:`ThreadingMock` object provides extra methods to wait for a call to " +"be invoked, rather than assert on it immediately." +msgstr "" +"针对多线程测试的 :class:`MagicMock` 版本。 :class:`ThreadingMock` " +"对象提供了额外的方法用来等待调用被唤起，而不是立即对其执行断言。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1149 +msgid "" +"The default timeout is specified by the ``timeout`` argument, or if unset by" +" the :attr:`ThreadingMock.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` attribute, which defaults to " +"blocking (``None``)." +msgstr "" +"默认的超时值由 ``timeout`` 参数指定，或者由 :attr:`ThreadingMock.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` " +"属性来重置，该属性默认为阻塞型 (``None``)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1152 +msgid "" +"You can configure the global default timeout by setting " +":attr:`ThreadingMock.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT`." +msgstr "你可以通过设置 :attr:`ThreadingMock.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` 来配置全局默认超时。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1156 +msgid "Waits until the mock is called." +msgstr "等待直到 mock 被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"If a timeout was passed at the creation of the mock or if a timeout argument" +" is passed to this function, the function raises an :exc:`AssertionError` if" +" the call is not performed in time." +msgstr "" +"如果在创建 mock 时传入了 timeout 值或者如果向该函数传入了 timeout 参数，那么当调用未在时限内执行完毕则会引发 " +":exc:`AssertionError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1170 +msgid "Waits until the mock is called with the specified arguments." +msgstr "等待直到该 mock 附带指定参数被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"If a timeout was passed at the creation of the mock the function raises an " +":exc:`AssertionError` if the call is not performed in time." +msgstr "如果在创建该 mock 时传入了 timeout 值则当调用未在时限内执行完成则会引发 :exc:`AssertionError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1183 +msgid "" +"Global default timeout in seconds to create instances of " +":class:`ThreadingMock`." +msgstr "创建 :class:`ThreadingMock` 实例的全局默认超时秒数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1189 +msgid "Calling" +msgstr "调用" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1191 +msgid "" +"Mock objects are callable. The call will return the value set as the " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value` attribute. The default return value is a new Mock" +" object; it is created the first time the return value is accessed (either " +"explicitly or by calling the Mock) - but it is stored and the same one " +"returned each time." +msgstr "" +"Mock 对象是可调用对象。 调用将把值集合作为 :attr:`~Mock.return_value` 属性返回。 默认的返回值是一个新的 Mock " +"对象；它会在对返回值的首次访问（不论是显式访问还是通过调用 Mock）时被创建 —— 但它会被保存并且每次都返回相同的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"Calls made to the object will be recorded in the attributes like " +":attr:`~Mock.call_args` and :attr:`~Mock.call_args_list`." +msgstr "" +"对该对象的调用将被记录在 :attr:`~Mock.call_args` 和 :attr:`~Mock.call_args_list` 等属性中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1200 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` is set then it will be called after the call " +"has been recorded, so if :attr:`!side_effect` raises an exception the call " +"is still recorded." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 则它将在调用被记录之后被调用，因此如果 :attr:`!side_effect` " +"引发了异常该调用仍然会被记录。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"The simplest way to make a mock raise an exception when called is to make " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` an exception class or instance:" +msgstr "让一个 mock 在被调用时引发异常的最简单方式是将 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 设为一个异常类或实例:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1222 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` is a function then whatever that function " +"returns is what calls to the mock return. The :attr:`!side_effect` function " +"is called with the same arguments as the mock. This allows you to vary the " +"return value of the call dynamically, based on the input:" +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 是一个函数则该函数所返回的对象就是调用该 mock 所返回的对象。 " +":attr:`!side_effect` 函数在被调用时将附带与该 mock 相同的参数。 这允许你根据输入动态地改变返回值：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1238 +msgid "" +"If you want the mock to still return the default return value (a new mock), " +"or any set return value, then there are two ways of doing this. Either " +"return :attr:`~Mock.return_value` from inside :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`, or " +"return :data:`DEFAULT`:" +msgstr "" +"如果你想让该 mock 仍然返回默认的返回值（一个新的 mock 对象），或是任何设定的返回值，那么有两种方式可以做到这一点。 从 " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 内部返回 :attr:`~Mock.return_value`，或者返回 " +":data:`DEFAULT`:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"To remove a :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`, and return to the default behaviour, " +"set the :attr:`!side_effect` to ``None``:" +msgstr "" +"要移除一个 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`，并返回到默认行为，请将 :attr:`!side_effect` 设为 " +"``None``:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` can also be any iterable object. Repeated " +"calls to the mock will return values from the iterable (until the iterable " +"is exhausted and a :exc:`StopIteration` is raised):" +msgstr "" +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 也可以是任意可迭代对象。 对该 mock " +"的重复调用将返回来自该可迭代对象的值（直到该可迭代对象被耗尽并导致 :exc:`StopIteration` 被引发）:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"If any members of the iterable are exceptions they will be raised instead of" +" returned::" +msgstr "如果该可迭代对象有任何成员属于异常则它们将被引发而不是被返回::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1290 +msgid "" +">>> iterable = (33, ValueError, 66)\n" +">>> m = MagicMock(side_effect=iterable)\n" +">>> m()\n" +"33\n" +">>> m()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError\n" +">>> m()\n" +"66" +msgstr "" +">>> iterable = (33, ValueError, 66)\n" +">>> m = MagicMock(side_effect=iterable)\n" +">>> m()\n" +"33\n" +">>> m()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError\n" +">>> m()\n" +"66" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1305 +msgid "Deleting Attributes" +msgstr "删除属性" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"Mock objects create attributes on demand. This allows them to pretend to be " +"objects of any type." +msgstr "Mock 对象会根据需要创建属性。 这允许它们可以假装成任意类型的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1310 +msgid "" +"You may want a mock object to return ``False`` to a :func:`hasattr` call, or" +" raise an :exc:`AttributeError` when an attribute is fetched. You can do " +"this by providing an object as a :attr:`!spec` for a mock, but that isn't " +"always convenient." +msgstr "" +"你可能想要一个 mock 对象在调用 :func:`hasattr` 时返回 ``False``，或者在获取某个属性时引发 " +":exc:`AttributeError`。 你可以通过提供一个对象作为 mock 的 :attr:`!spec` 来做到这点，但这并不总是很方便。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"You \"block\" attributes by deleting them. Once deleted, accessing an " +"attribute will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "你可以通过删除属性来“屏蔽”它们。 属性一旦被删除，访问它将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1331 +msgid "Mock names and the name attribute" +msgstr "Mock 的名称与 name 属性" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"Since \"name\" is an argument to the :class:`Mock` constructor, if you want " +"your mock object to have a \"name\" attribute you can't just pass it in at " +"creation time. There are two alternatives. One option is to use " +":meth:`~Mock.configure_mock`::" +msgstr "" +"由于 \"name\" 是 :class:`Mock` 构造器的参数之一，如果你想让你的 mock 对象具有 \"name\" " +"属性你不可以在创建时传入该参数。 有两个替代方式。 一个选项是使用 :meth:`~Mock.configure_mock`::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1338 +msgid "" +">>> mock = MagicMock()\n" +">>> mock.configure_mock(name='my_name')\n" +">>> mock.name\n" +"'my_name'" +msgstr "" +">>> mock = MagicMock()\n" +">>> mock.configure_mock(name='my_name')\n" +">>> mock.name\n" +"'my_name'" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"A simpler option is to simply set the \"name\" attribute after mock " +"creation::" +msgstr "一个更简单的选项是在 mock 创建之后简单地设置 \"name\" 属性::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1345 +msgid "" +">>> mock = MagicMock()\n" +">>> mock.name = \"foo\"" +msgstr "" +">>> mock = MagicMock()\n" +">>> mock.name = \"foo\"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1350 +msgid "Attaching Mocks as Attributes" +msgstr "附加 Mock 作为属性" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"When you attach a mock as an attribute of another mock (or as the return " +"value) it becomes a \"child\" of that mock. Calls to the child are recorded " +"in the :attr:`~Mock.method_calls` and :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` attributes of" +" the parent. This is useful for configuring child mocks and then attaching " +"them to the parent, or for attaching mocks to a parent that records all " +"calls to the children and allows you to make assertions about the order of " +"calls between mocks:" +msgstr "" +"当你附加一个 mock 作为另一个 mock 的属性（或作为返回值）时它会成为该 mock 的 \"子对象\"。 对子对象的调用会被记录在父对象的 " +":attr:`~Mock.method_calls` 和 :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` 属性中。 这适用于配置子 mock " +"然后将它们附加到父对象，或是将 mock 附加到将记录所有对子对象的调用的父对象上并允许你创建有关 mock 之间的调用顺序的断言:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"The exception to this is if the mock has a name. This allows you to prevent " +"the \"parenting\" if for some reason you don't want it to happen." +msgstr "这里有一个例外情况是如果 mock 设置了名称。 这允许你在出于某些理由不希望其发生时避免 \"父对象\" 的影响。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"Mocks created for you by :func:`patch` are automatically given names. To " +"attach mocks that have names to a parent you use the " +":meth:`~Mock.attach_mock` method::" +msgstr "" +"通过 :func:`patch` 创建的 mock 会被自动赋予名称。 要将具有名称的 mock 附加到父对象上你应当使用 " +":meth:`~Mock.attach_mock` 方法::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1385 +msgid "" +">>> thing1 = object()\n" +">>> thing2 = object()\n" +">>> parent = MagicMock()\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.thing1', return_value=None) as child1:\n" +"... with patch('__main__.thing2', return_value=None) as child2:\n" +"... parent.attach_mock(child1, 'child1')\n" +"... parent.attach_mock(child2, 'child2')\n" +"... child1('one')\n" +"... child2('two')\n" +"...\n" +">>> parent.mock_calls\n" +"[call.child1('one'), call.child2('two')]" +msgstr "" +">>> thing1 = object()\n" +">>> thing2 = object()\n" +">>> parent = MagicMock()\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.thing1', return_value=None) as child1:\n" +"... with patch('__main__.thing2', return_value=None) as child2:\n" +"... parent.attach_mock(child1, 'child1')\n" +"... parent.attach_mock(child2, 'child2')\n" +"... child1('one')\n" +"... child2('two')\n" +"...\n" +">>> parent.mock_calls\n" +"[call.child1('one'), call.child2('two')]" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1399 +msgid "" +"The only exceptions are magic methods and attributes (those that have " +"leading and trailing double underscores). Mock doesn't create these but " +"instead raises an :exc:`AttributeError`. This is because the interpreter " +"will often implicitly request these methods, and gets *very* confused to get" +" a new Mock object when it expects a magic method. If you need magic method " +"support see :ref:`magic methods `." +msgstr "" +"仅有的例外是魔术方法和属性（其名称前后都带有双下划线）。 Mock 不会创建它们而是将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。 " +"这是因为解释器将会经常隐式地请求这些方法，并且在它准备接受一个魔术方法却得到一个新的 Mock 对象时会 *相当* 困惑。 如果你需要魔术方法支持请参阅" +" :ref:`魔术方法 `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1408 +msgid "The patchers" +msgstr "patch 装饰器" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"The patch decorators are used for patching objects only within the scope of " +"the function they decorate. They automatically handle the unpatching for " +"you, even if exceptions are raised. All of these functions can also be used " +"in with statements or as class decorators." +msgstr "" +"patch 装饰器仅被用于在它们所装饰的函数作用域内部为对象添加补丁。 它们会自动为你执行去除补丁的处理，即使是在引发了异常的情况下。 " +"所有这些函数都还可在 with 语句中使用或是作为类装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1417 +msgid "patch" +msgstr "patch" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1421 +msgid "" +"The key is to do the patching in the right namespace. See the section `where" +" to patch`_." +msgstr "问题的关键是要在正确的命名空间中打补丁。 参见 `where to patch`_ 一节。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1425 +msgid "" +":func:`patch` acts as a function decorator, class decorator or a context " +"manager. Inside the body of the function or with statement, the *target* is " +"patched with a *new* object. When the function/with statement exits the " +"patch is undone." +msgstr "" +":func:`patch` 可以作为函数装饰器、类装饰器或上下文管理器。 在函数或 with 语句的内部，*target* 会打上一个 *new* " +"对象补丁。 当函数/with 语句退出时补丁将被撤销。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1430 +msgid "" +"If *new* is omitted, then the target is replaced with an :class:`AsyncMock` " +"if the patched object is an async function or a :class:`MagicMock` " +"otherwise. If :func:`patch` is used as a decorator and *new* is omitted, the" +" created mock is passed in as an extra argument to the decorated function. " +"If :func:`patch` is used as a context manager the created mock is returned " +"by the context manager." +msgstr "" +"如果 *new* 被省略，那么如果被打补丁的对象是一个异步函数则 target 将被替换为 :class:`AsyncMock` 否则替换为 " +":class:`MagicMock`。 如果 :func:`patch` 被用作装饰器并且 *new* 被省略，那么已创建的 mock " +"将作为一个附加参数传入被装饰的函数。 如果 :func:`patch` 被用作上下文管理器那么已创建的 mock 将被该上下文管理器所返回。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1438 +msgid "" +"*target* should be a string in the form ``'package.module.ClassName'``. The " +"*target* is imported and the specified object replaced with the *new* " +"object, so the *target* must be importable from the environment you are " +"calling :func:`patch` from. The target is imported when the decorated " +"function is executed, not at decoration time." +msgstr "" +"*target* 应当为 ``'package.module.ClassName'`` 形式的字符串。 *target* " +"将被导入并且该指定对象会被替换为 *new* 对象，因此 *target* 必须是可以从你调用 :func:`patch` 的环境中导入的。 " +"target 会在被装饰的函数被执行的时候被导入，而非在装饰的时候。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1444 +msgid "" +"The *spec* and *spec_set* keyword arguments are passed to the " +":class:`MagicMock` if patch is creating one for you." +msgstr "" +"*spec* 和 *spec_set* 关键字参数会被传递给 :class:`MagicMock`，如果 patch 为你创建了此对象的话。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"In addition you can pass ``spec=True`` or ``spec_set=True``, which causes " +"patch to pass in the object being mocked as the spec/spec_set object." +msgstr "" +"此外你还可以传入 ``spec=True`` 或 ``spec_set=True``，这将使 patch 将被模拟的对象作为 spec/spec_set" +" 对象传入。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1450 +msgid "" +"*new_callable* allows you to specify a different class, or callable object, " +"that will be called to create the *new* object. By default " +":class:`AsyncMock` is used for async functions and :class:`MagicMock` for " +"the rest." +msgstr "" +"*new_callable* 允许你指定一个不同的类，或者可调用对象，它将被调用以创建 *新的* 对象。 在默认情况下将指定 " +":class:`AsyncMock` 用于异步函数，:class:`MagicMock` 用于其他函数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1454 +msgid "" +"A more powerful form of *spec* is *autospec*. If you set ``autospec=True`` " +"then the mock will be created with a spec from the object being replaced. " +"All attributes of the mock will also have the spec of the corresponding " +"attribute of the object being replaced. Methods and functions being mocked " +"will have their arguments checked and will raise a :exc:`TypeError` if they " +"are called with the wrong signature. For mocks replacing a class, their " +"return value (the 'instance') will have the same spec as the class. See the " +":func:`create_autospec` function and :ref:`auto-speccing`." +msgstr "" +"另一种更强形式的 *spec* 是 *autospec*。 如果你设置了 ``autospec=True`` 则将以来自被替换对象的 spec 来创建 " +"mock。 mock 的所有属性也将具有被替换对象相应属性的 spec。 被模拟的方法和函数将检查它们的参数并且如果使用了错误的签名调用它们则将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 对于替换了一个类的 mock，它们的返回值（即‘实例’）将具有与该类相同的 spec。 请参阅 " +":func:`create_autospec` 函数以及 :ref:`auto-speccing`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1464 +msgid "" +"Instead of ``autospec=True`` you can pass ``autospec=some_object`` to use an" +" arbitrary object as the spec instead of the one being replaced." +msgstr "" +"除了 ``autospec=True`` 你还可以传入 ``autospec=some_object`` 以使用任意对象而不是被替换的对象作为 " +"spec。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"By default :func:`patch` will fail to replace attributes that don't exist. " +"If you pass in ``create=True``, and the attribute doesn't exist, patch will " +"create the attribute for you when the patched function is called, and delete" +" it again after the patched function has exited. This is useful for writing " +"tests against attributes that your production code creates at runtime. It is" +" off by default because it can be dangerous. With it switched on you can " +"write passing tests against APIs that don't actually exist!" +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下 :func:`patch` 将无法替换不存在的属性。 如果你传入 ``create=True``，且该属性并不存在，则 patch " +"将在调用被打补丁的函数时为你创建该属性，并在退出被打补丁的函数时再次删除它。 这适用于编写针对生产代码在运行时创建的属性的测试。 " +"它默认是被关闭的因为这具有危险性。 当它被开启时你将能够针对实际上并不存在的 API 编写通过测试！" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"If you are patching builtins in a module then you don't need to pass " +"``create=True``, it will be added by default." +msgstr "如果你要给某个模块的内置函数打补丁则不必传入 ``create=True``，它默认就会被添加。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"Patch can be used as a :class:`~unittest.TestCase` class decorator. It works" +" by decorating each test method in the class. This reduces the boilerplate " +"code when your test methods share a common patchings set. :func:`patch` " +"finds tests by looking for method names that start with " +"``patch.TEST_PREFIX``. By default this is ``'test'``, which matches the way " +":mod:`unittest` finds tests. You can specify an alternative prefix by " +"setting ``patch.TEST_PREFIX``." +msgstr "" +"Patch 可以被用作 :class:`~unittest.TestCase` 类装饰器。 它是通过装饰类中的每个测试方法来发挥作用的。 " +"当你的测试方法共享同一个补丁集时这将减少模板代码。 :func:`patch` 会通过查找以 ``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` " +"打头的名称来找到测试。 其默认值为 ``'test'``，这与 :mod:`unittest` 找到测试的方式一致。 你可以通过设置 " +"``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` 来指定其他的前缀。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1488 +msgid "" +"Patch can be used as a context manager, with the with statement. Here the " +"patching applies to the indented block after the with statement. If you use " +"\"as\" then the patched object will be bound to the name after the \"as\"; " +"very useful if :func:`patch` is creating a mock object for you." +msgstr "" +"Patch 可以通过 with 语句作为上下文管理器使用。 这时补丁将应用于 with 语句的缩进代码块。 如果你使用了 \"as\" " +"则打补丁的对象将被绑定到 \"as\" 之后的名称；这非常适用于当 :func:`patch` 为你创建 mock 对象的情况。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1493 +msgid "" +":func:`patch` takes arbitrary keyword arguments. These will be passed to " +":class:`AsyncMock` if the patched object is asynchronous, to " +":class:`MagicMock` otherwise or to *new_callable* if specified." +msgstr "" +":func:`patch` 可接受任意关键字参数。 如果打补丁的对象是异步的则这些参数将被传给 :class:`AsyncMock`，否则传给 " +":class:`MagicMock`，或者是指定的 *new_callable*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1497 +msgid "" +"``patch.dict(...)``, ``patch.multiple(...)`` and ``patch.object(...)`` are " +"available for alternate use-cases." +msgstr "" +"``patch.dict(...)``, ``patch.multiple(...)`` 和 ``patch.object(...)`` " +"可用于其他使用场景。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1500 +msgid "" +":func:`patch` as function decorator, creating the mock for you and passing " +"it into the decorated function::" +msgstr ":func:`patch` 作为函数装饰器，为你创建 mock 并将其传入被装饰的函数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1503 +msgid "" +">>> @patch('__main__.SomeClass')\n" +"... def function(normal_argument, mock_class):\n" +"... print(mock_class is SomeClass)\n" +"...\n" +">>> function(None)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> @patch('__main__.SomeClass')\n" +"... def function(normal_argument, mock_class):\n" +"... print(mock_class is SomeClass)\n" +"...\n" +">>> function(None)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"Patching a class replaces the class with a :class:`MagicMock` *instance*. If" +" the class is instantiated in the code under test then it will be the " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value` of the mock that will be used." +msgstr "" +"为类打补丁将把该类替换为 :class:`MagicMock` 的 *实例*。 如果该类是在受测试的代码中被实例化的则它将为所要使用的 mock 的 " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"If the class is instantiated multiple times you could use " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` to return a new mock each time. Alternatively you " +"can set the *return_value* to be anything you want." +msgstr "" +"如果该类被多次实例化则你可以使用 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 来每次返回一个新 mock。 或者你也可以将 " +"*return_value* 设为你希望的任何对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1518 +msgid "" +"To configure return values on methods of *instances* on the patched class " +"you must do this on the :attr:`~Mock.return_value`. For example::" +msgstr "要在被打补丁的类的 *实例* 的方法上配置返回值你必须在 :attr:`~Mock.return_value` 进行操作。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1521 +msgid "" +">>> class Class:\n" +"... def method(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.Class') as MockClass:\n" +"... instance = MockClass.return_value\n" +"... instance.method.return_value = 'foo'\n" +"... assert Class() is instance\n" +"... assert Class().method() == 'foo'\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class Class:\n" +"... def method(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.Class') as MockClass:\n" +"... instance = MockClass.return_value\n" +"... instance.method.return_value = 'foo'\n" +"... assert Class() is instance\n" +"... assert Class().method() == 'foo'\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1532 +msgid "" +"If you use *spec* or *spec_set* and :func:`patch` is replacing a *class*, " +"then the return value of the created mock will have the same spec. ::" +msgstr "" +"如果你使用 *spec* 或 *spec_set* 并且 :func:`patch` 替换的是 *class*，那么所创建的 mock " +"的返回值将具有同样的 spec。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1535 +msgid "" +">>> Original = Class\n" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.Class', spec=True)\n" +">>> MockClass = patcher.start()\n" +">>> instance = MockClass()\n" +">>> assert isinstance(instance, Original)\n" +">>> patcher.stop()" +msgstr "" +">>> Original = Class\n" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.Class', spec=True)\n" +">>> MockClass = patcher.start()\n" +">>> instance = MockClass()\n" +">>> assert isinstance(instance, Original)\n" +">>> patcher.stop()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"The *new_callable* argument is useful where you want to use an alternative " +"class to the default :class:`MagicMock` for the created mock. For example, " +"if you wanted a :class:`NonCallableMock` to be used::" +msgstr "" +"*new_callable* 参数适用于当你想要使用其他类来替代所创建的 mock 默认的 :class:`MagicMock` 的场合。 " +"例如，如果你想要使用 :class:`NonCallableMock`::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1546 +msgid "" +">>> thing = object()\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.thing', new_callable=NonCallableMock) as mock_thing:\n" +"... assert thing is mock_thing\n" +"... thing()\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'NonCallableMock' object is not callable" +msgstr "" +">>> thing = object()\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.thing', new_callable=NonCallableMock) as mock_thing:\n" +"... assert thing is mock_thing\n" +"... thing()\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: 'NonCallableMock' object is not callable" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"Another use case might be to replace an object with an :class:`io.StringIO` " +"instance::" +msgstr "另一个使用场景是用 :class:`io.StringIO` 实例来替换某个对象::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1557 +msgid "" +">>> from io import StringIO\n" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... print('Something')\n" +"...\n" +">>> @patch('sys.stdout', new_callable=StringIO)\n" +"... def test(mock_stdout):\n" +"... foo()\n" +"... assert mock_stdout.getvalue() == 'Something\\n'\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" +msgstr "" +">>> from io import StringIO\n" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... print('Something')\n" +"...\n" +">>> @patch('sys.stdout', new_callable=StringIO)\n" +"... def test(mock_stdout):\n" +"... foo()\n" +"... assert mock_stdout.getvalue() == 'Something\\n'\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1568 +msgid "" +"When :func:`patch` is creating a mock for you, it is common that the first " +"thing you need to do is to configure the mock. Some of that configuration " +"can be done in the call to patch. Any arbitrary keywords you pass into the " +"call will be used to set attributes on the created mock::" +msgstr "" +"当 :func:`patch` 为你创建 mock 时，通常你需要做的第一件事就是配置该 mock。 某些配置可以在对 patch 的调用中完成。 " +"你在调用时传入的任何关键字参数都将被用来在所创建的 mock 上设置属性::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1573 +msgid "" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.thing', first='one', second='two')\n" +">>> mock_thing = patcher.start()\n" +">>> mock_thing.first\n" +"'one'\n" +">>> mock_thing.second\n" +"'two'" +msgstr "" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.thing', first='one', second='two')\n" +">>> mock_thing = patcher.start()\n" +">>> mock_thing.first\n" +"'one'\n" +">>> mock_thing.second\n" +"'two'" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"As well as attributes on the created mock attributes, like the " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value` and :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`, of child mocks can" +" also be configured. These aren't syntactically valid to pass in directly as" +" keyword arguments, but a dictionary with these as keys can still be " +"expanded into a :func:`patch` call using ``**``::" +msgstr "" +"除了所创建的 mock 的属性上的属性，例如 :attr:`~Mock.return_value` 和 " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect`，还可以配置子 mock 的属性。 将这些属性直接作为关键字参数传入在语义上是无效的，但是仍然能够使用" +" ``**`` 将以这些属性为键的字典扩展至一个 :func:`patch` 调用中 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1586 +msgid "" +">>> config = {'method.return_value': 3, 'other.side_effect': KeyError}\n" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.thing', **config)\n" +">>> mock_thing = patcher.start()\n" +">>> mock_thing.method()\n" +"3\n" +">>> mock_thing.other()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"KeyError" +msgstr "" +">>> config = {'method.return_value': 3, 'other.side_effect': KeyError}\n" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.thing', **config)\n" +">>> mock_thing = patcher.start()\n" +">>> mock_thing.method()\n" +"3\n" +">>> mock_thing.other()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"KeyError" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"By default, attempting to patch a function in a module (or a method or an " +"attribute in a class) that does not exist will fail with " +":exc:`AttributeError`::" +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，尝试给某个模块中并不存在的函数（或者某个类中的方法或属性）打补丁将会失败并引发 :exc:`AttributeError`::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1599 +msgid "" +">>> @patch('sys.non_existing_attribute', 42)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... assert sys.non_existing_attribute == 42\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: does not have the attribute 'non_existing_attribute'" +msgstr "" +">>> @patch('sys.non_existing_attribute', 42)\n" +"... def test():\n" +"... assert sys.non_existing_attribute == 42\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: does not have the attribute 'non_existing_attribute'" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"but adding ``create=True`` in the call to :func:`patch` will make the " +"previous example work as expected::" +msgstr "但在对 :func:`patch` 的调用中添加 ``create=True`` 将使之前示例的效果符合预期::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1611 +msgid "" +">>> @patch('sys.non_existing_attribute', 42, create=True)\n" +"... def test(mock_stdout):\n" +"... assert sys.non_existing_attribute == 42\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" +msgstr "" +">>> @patch('sys.non_existing_attribute', 42, create=True)\n" +"... def test(mock_stdout):\n" +"... assert sys.non_existing_attribute == 42\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1619 +msgid "" +":func:`patch` now returns an :class:`AsyncMock` if the target is an async " +"function." +msgstr "如果目标为异步函数那么 :func:`patch` 现在将返回一个 :class:`AsyncMock`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1623 +msgid "patch.object" +msgstr "patch.object" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1627 +msgid "" +"patch the named member (*attribute*) on an object (*target*) with a mock " +"object." +msgstr "用一个 mock 对象为对象 (*target*) 中指定名称的成员 (*attribute*) 打补丁。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1630 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.object` can be used as a decorator, class decorator or a " +"context manager. Arguments *new*, *spec*, *create*, *spec_set*, *autospec* " +"and *new_callable* have the same meaning as for :func:`patch`. Like " +":func:`patch`, :func:`patch.object` takes arbitrary keyword arguments for " +"configuring the mock object it creates." +msgstr "" +":func:`patch.object` 可以被用作装饰器、类装饰器或上下文管理器。 *new*, *spec*, *create*, " +"*spec_set*, *autospec* 和 *new_callable* 等参数的含义与 :func:`patch` 的相同。 与 " +":func:`patch` 类似，:func:`patch.object` 接受任意关键字参数用于配置它所创建的 mock 对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1636 +msgid "" +"When used as a class decorator :func:`patch.object` honours " +"``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` for choosing which methods to wrap." +msgstr "" +"当用作类装饰器时 :func:`patch.object` 将认可 ``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` 作为选择所要包装方法的标准。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1639 +msgid "" +"You can either call :func:`patch.object` with three arguments or two " +"arguments. The three argument form takes the object to be patched, the " +"attribute name and the object to replace the attribute with." +msgstr "" +"你可以附带三个参数或两个参数来调用 :func:`patch.object`。 三个参数的形式将接受要打补丁的对象、属性的名称以及将要替换该属性的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1643 +msgid "" +"When calling with the two argument form you omit the replacement object, and" +" a mock is created for you and passed in as an extra argument to the " +"decorated function:" +msgstr "将附带两个参数的形式调用时你将省略替换对象，还会为你创建一个 mock 并作为附加参数传入被装饰的函数:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1654 +msgid "" +"*spec*, *create* and the other arguments to :func:`patch.object` have the " +"same meaning as they do for :func:`patch`." +msgstr "" +"传给 :func:`patch.object` 的 *spec*, *create* 和其他参数的含义与 :func:`patch` 的同名参数相同。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1659 +msgid "patch.dict" +msgstr "patch.dict" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1663 +msgid "" +"Patch a dictionary, or dictionary like object, and restore the dictionary to" +" its original state after the test." +msgstr "为一个字典或字典类对象打补丁，并在测试之后将该目录恢复到其初始状态。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1666 +msgid "" +"*in_dict* can be a dictionary or a mapping like container. If it is a " +"mapping then it must at least support getting, setting and deleting items " +"plus iterating over keys." +msgstr "*in_dict* 可以是一个字典或映射类容器。 如果它是一个映射则它必须至少支持获取、设置和删除条目以及对键执行迭代。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1670 +msgid "" +"*in_dict* can also be a string specifying the name of the dictionary, which " +"will then be fetched by importing it." +msgstr "*in_dict* 也可以是一个指定字典名称的字符串，然后将通过导入操作来获取该字典。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1673 +msgid "" +"*values* can be a dictionary of values to set in the dictionary. *values* " +"can also be an iterable of ``(key, value)`` pairs." +msgstr "" +"*values* 可以是一个要在字典中设置的值的字典。 *values* 也可以是一个包含 ``(key, value)`` 对的可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1676 +msgid "" +"If *clear* is true then the dictionary will be cleared before the new values" +" are set." +msgstr "如果 *clear* 为真值则该字典将在设置新值之前先被清空。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1679 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.dict` can also be called with arbitrary keyword arguments to " +"set values in the dictionary." +msgstr ":func:`patch.dict` 也可以附带任意关键字参数调用以设置字典中的值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1684 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.dict` now returns the patched dictionary when used as a context" +" manager." +msgstr "" +"现在当 :func:`patch.dict` 被用作上下文管理器时将返回被打补丁的字典。now returns the patched " +"dictionary when used as a context manager." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1687 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.dict` can be used as a context manager, decorator or class " +"decorator:" +msgstr ":func:`patch.dict` 可被用作上下文管理器、装饰器或类装饰器:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1698 +msgid "" +"When used as a class decorator :func:`patch.dict` honours " +"``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` (default to ``'test'``) for choosing which methods to " +"wrap:" +msgstr "" +"当被用作类装饰器时 :func:`patch.dict` 将认可 ``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` (默认值为 ``'test'``) " +"作为选择所在包装方法的标准:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1709 +msgid "" +"If you want to use a different prefix for your test, you can inform the " +"patchers of the different prefix by setting ``patch.TEST_PREFIX``. For more " +"details about how to change the value of see :ref:`test-prefix`." +msgstr "" +"如果你在为你的测试使用不同的前缀，你可以通过设置 ``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` 来将不同的前缀告知打补丁方。 有关如何修改该值的详情请参阅" +" :ref:`test-prefix`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1713 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.dict` can be used to add members to a dictionary, or simply let" +" a test change a dictionary, and ensure the dictionary is restored when the " +"test ends." +msgstr ":func:`patch.dict` 可被用来向一个字典添加成员，或者简单地让测试修改一个字典，并确保当测试结束时恢复该字典。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"Keywords can be used in the :func:`patch.dict` call to set values in the " +"dictionary:" +msgstr "可以在 :func:`patch.dict` 调用中使用关键字来设置字典的值:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1744 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.dict` can be used with dictionary like objects that aren't " +"actually dictionaries. At the very minimum they must support item getting, " +"setting, deleting and either iteration or membership test. This corresponds " +"to the magic methods :meth:`~object.__getitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__setitem__`, :meth:`~object.__delitem__` and either " +":meth:`~container.__iter__` or :meth:`~object.__contains__`." +msgstr "" +":func:`patch.dict` 可被用于实际上不是字典的字典类对象。 它们至少必须支持条目获取、设置、删除以及迭代或成员检测两者之一。 " +"这对应于魔术方法 :meth:`~object.__getitem__`, :meth:`~object.__setitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__delitem__` 以及 :meth:`~container.__iter__` 或 " +":meth:`~object.__contains__` 两者之一。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1774 +msgid "patch.multiple" +msgstr "patch.multiple" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1778 +msgid "" +"Perform multiple patches in a single call. It takes the object to be patched" +" (either as an object or a string to fetch the object by importing) and " +"keyword arguments for the patches::" +msgstr "在单个调用中执行多重补丁。 它接受要打补丁的对象（一个对象或一个通过导入来获取对象的字符串）以及用于补丁的关键字参数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1782 +msgid "" +"with patch.multiple(settings, FIRST_PATCH='one', SECOND_PATCH='two'):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"with patch.multiple(settings, FIRST_PATCH='one', SECOND_PATCH='two'):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1785 +msgid "" +"Use :data:`DEFAULT` as the value if you want :func:`patch.multiple` to " +"create mocks for you. In this case the created mocks are passed into a " +"decorated function by keyword, and a dictionary is returned when " +":func:`patch.multiple` is used as a context manager." +msgstr "" +"如果你希望 :func:`patch.multiple` 为你创建 mock 则要使用 :data:`DEFAULT` 作为值。 在此情况下所创建的 " +"mock 会通过关键字参数传入被装饰的函数，而当 :func:`patch.multiple` 被用作上下文管理器时则将返回一个字典。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1790 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.multiple` can be used as a decorator, class decorator or a " +"context manager. The arguments *spec*, *spec_set*, *create*, *autospec* and " +"*new_callable* have the same meaning as for :func:`patch`. These arguments " +"will be applied to *all* patches done by :func:`patch.multiple`." +msgstr "" +":func:`patch.multiple` 可以被用作装饰器、类装饰器或上下文管理器。 *spec*, *spec_set*, *create*, " +"*autospec* 和 *new_callable* 等参数的含义与 :func:`patch` 的相同。 这些参数将被应用到 " +":func:`patch.multiple` 所打的 *所有* 补丁。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1795 +msgid "" +"When used as a class decorator :func:`patch.multiple` honours " +"``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` for choosing which methods to wrap." +msgstr "" +"当被用作类装饰器时 :func:`patch.multiple` 将认可 ``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` 作为选择所要包装方法的标准。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1798 +msgid "" +"If you want :func:`patch.multiple` to create mocks for you, then you can use" +" :data:`DEFAULT` as the value. If you use :func:`patch.multiple` as a " +"decorator then the created mocks are passed into the decorated function by " +"keyword. ::" +msgstr "" +"如果你希望 :func:`patch.multiple` 为你创建 mock，那么你可以使用 :data:`DEFAULT` 作为值。 如果你使用 " +":func:`patch.multiple` 作为装饰器则所创建的 mock 会作为关键字参数传入被装饰的函数。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1802 +msgid "" +">>> thing = object()\n" +">>> other = object()\n" +"\n" +">>> @patch.multiple('__main__', thing=DEFAULT, other=DEFAULT)\n" +"... def test_function(thing, other):\n" +"... assert isinstance(thing, MagicMock)\n" +"... assert isinstance(other, MagicMock)\n" +"...\n" +">>> test_function()" +msgstr "" +">>> thing = object()\n" +">>> other = object()\n" +"\n" +">>> @patch.multiple('__main__', thing=DEFAULT, other=DEFAULT)\n" +"... def test_function(thing, other):\n" +"... assert isinstance(thing, MagicMock)\n" +"... assert isinstance(other, MagicMock)\n" +"...\n" +">>> test_function()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1812 +msgid "" +":func:`patch.multiple` can be nested with other ``patch`` decorators, but " +"put arguments passed by keyword *after* any of the standard arguments " +"created by :func:`patch`::" +msgstr "" +":func:`patch.multiple` 可以与其他 ``patch`` 装饰器嵌套使用，但要将作为关键字传入的参数要放在 " +":func:`patch` 所创建的标准参数 *之后*::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1815 +msgid "" +">>> @patch('sys.exit')\n" +"... @patch.multiple('__main__', thing=DEFAULT, other=DEFAULT)\n" +"... def test_function(mock_exit, other, thing):\n" +"... assert 'other' in repr(other)\n" +"... assert 'thing' in repr(thing)\n" +"... assert 'exit' in repr(mock_exit)\n" +"...\n" +">>> test_function()" +msgstr "" +">>> @patch('sys.exit')\n" +"... @patch.multiple('__main__', thing=DEFAULT, other=DEFAULT)\n" +"... def test_function(mock_exit, other, thing):\n" +"... assert 'other' in repr(other)\n" +"... assert 'thing' in repr(thing)\n" +"... assert 'exit' in repr(mock_exit)\n" +"...\n" +">>> test_function()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"If :func:`patch.multiple` is used as a context manager, the value returned " +"by the context manager is a dictionary where created mocks are keyed by " +"name::" +msgstr "" +"如果 :func:`patch.multiple` 被用作上下文管理器，则上下文管理器的返回值将是一个以所创建的 mock 的名称为键的字典::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1827 +msgid "" +">>> with patch.multiple('__main__', thing=DEFAULT, other=DEFAULT) as values:\n" +"... assert 'other' in repr(values['other'])\n" +"... assert 'thing' in repr(values['thing'])\n" +"... assert values['thing'] is thing\n" +"... assert values['other'] is other\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> with patch.multiple('__main__', thing=DEFAULT, other=DEFAULT) as values:\n" +"... assert 'other' in repr(values['other'])\n" +"... assert 'thing' in repr(values['thing'])\n" +"... assert values['thing'] is thing\n" +"... assert values['other'] is other\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1838 +msgid "patch methods: start and stop" +msgstr "补丁方法: start 和 stop" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"All the patchers have :meth:`!start` and :meth:`!stop` methods. These make " +"it simpler to do patching in ``setUp`` methods or where you want to do " +"multiple patches without nesting decorators or with statements." +msgstr "" +"所有 patcher 对象都具有 :meth:`!start` 和 :meth:`!stop` 方法。 使用这些方法可以更简单地在 ``setUp`` " +"方法上打补丁，还可以让你不必嵌套使用装饰器或 with 语句就能打多重补丁。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1844 +msgid "" +"To use them call :func:`patch`, :func:`patch.object` or :func:`patch.dict` " +"as normal and keep a reference to the returned ``patcher`` object. You can " +"then call :meth:`!start` to put the patch in place and :meth:`!stop` to undo" +" it." +msgstr "" +"要使用这些方法请按正常方式调用 :func:`patch`, :func:`patch.object` 或 :func:`patch.dict` " +"并保留一个指向所返回 ``patcher`` 对象的引用。 你可以随后调用 :meth:`!start` 来原地打补丁并调用 :meth:`!stop`" +" 来恢复它。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1848 +msgid "" +"If you are using :func:`patch` to create a mock for you then it will be " +"returned by the call to ``patcher.start``. ::" +msgstr "如果你使用 :func:`patch` 来创建自己的 mock 那么将可通过调用 ``patcher.start`` 来返回它。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1851 +msgid "" +">>> patcher = patch('package.module.ClassName')\n" +">>> from package import module\n" +">>> original = module.ClassName\n" +">>> new_mock = patcher.start()\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is not original\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is new_mock\n" +">>> patcher.stop()\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is original\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is not new_mock" +msgstr "" +">>> patcher = patch('package.module.ClassName')\n" +">>> from package import module\n" +">>> original = module.ClassName\n" +">>> new_mock = patcher.start()\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is not original\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is new_mock\n" +">>> patcher.stop()\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is original\n" +">>> assert module.ClassName is not new_mock" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"A typical use case for this might be for doing multiple patches in the " +"``setUp`` method of a :class:`~unittest.TestCase`::" +msgstr "此操作的一个典型应用场景是在一个 :class:`~unittest.TestCase` 的 ``setUp`` 方法中执行多重补丁::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1865 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... self.patcher1 = patch('package.module.Class1')\n" +"... self.patcher2 = patch('package.module.Class2')\n" +"... self.MockClass1 = self.patcher1.start()\n" +"... self.MockClass2 = self.patcher2.start()\n" +"...\n" +"... def tearDown(self):\n" +"... self.patcher1.stop()\n" +"... self.patcher2.stop()\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_something(self):\n" +"... assert package.module.Class1 is self.MockClass1\n" +"... assert package.module.Class2 is self.MockClass2\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_something').run()" +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... self.patcher1 = patch('package.module.Class1')\n" +"... self.patcher2 = patch('package.module.Class2')\n" +"... self.MockClass1 = self.patcher1.start()\n" +"... self.MockClass2 = self.patcher2.start()\n" +"...\n" +"... def tearDown(self):\n" +"... self.patcher1.stop()\n" +"... self.patcher2.stop()\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_something(self):\n" +"... assert package.module.Class1 is self.MockClass1\n" +"... assert package.module.Class2 is self.MockClass2\n" +"...\n" +">>> MyTest('test_something').run()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1884 +msgid "" +"If you use this technique you must ensure that the patching is \"undone\" by" +" calling ``stop``. This can be fiddlier than you might think, because if an " +"exception is raised in the ``setUp`` then ``tearDown`` is not called. " +":meth:`unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` makes this easier::" +msgstr "" +"如果你要使用这个技巧则你必须通过调用 ``stop`` 来确保补丁被“恢复”。 这可能要比你想像的更麻烦，因为如果在 ``setUp`` " +"中引发了异常那么 ``tearDown`` 将不会被调用。 :meth:`unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` 可以简化此操作::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1889 +msgid "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... patcher = patch('package.module.Class')\n" +"... self.MockClass = patcher.start()\n" +"... self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_something(self):\n" +"... assert package.module.Class is self.MockClass\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"... def setUp(self):\n" +"... patcher = patch('package.module.Class')\n" +"... self.MockClass = patcher.start()\n" +"... self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)\n" +"...\n" +"... def test_something(self):\n" +"... assert package.module.Class is self.MockClass\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1899 +msgid "" +"As an added bonus you no longer need to keep a reference to the ``patcher`` " +"object." +msgstr "一项额外的好处是你不再需要保留指向 ``patcher`` 对象的引用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1902 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to stop all patches which have been started by using " +":func:`patch.stopall`." +msgstr "还可以通过使用 :func:`patch.stopall` 来停止已启动的所有补丁。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1907 +msgid "Stop all active patches. Only stops patches started with ``start``." +msgstr "停止所有激活的补丁。 仅会停止通过 ``start`` 启动的补丁。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1913 +msgid "patch builtins" +msgstr "为内置函数打补丁" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1914 +msgid "" +"You can patch any builtins within a module. The following example patches " +"builtin :func:`ord`::" +msgstr "你可以为一个模块中的任何内置函数打补丁。 以以示例是为内置函数 :func:`ord` 打补丁::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1917 +msgid "" +">>> @patch('__main__.ord')\n" +"... def test(mock_ord):\n" +"... mock_ord.return_value = 101\n" +"... print(ord('c'))\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()\n" +"101" +msgstr "" +">>> @patch('__main__.ord')\n" +"... def test(mock_ord):\n" +"... mock_ord.return_value = 101\n" +"... print(ord('c'))\n" +"...\n" +">>> test()\n" +"101" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1929 +msgid "TEST_PREFIX" +msgstr "TEST_PREFIX" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1931 +msgid "" +"All of the patchers can be used as class decorators. When used in this way " +"they wrap every test method on the class. The patchers recognise methods " +"that start with ``'test'`` as being test methods. This is the same way that " +"the :class:`unittest.TestLoader` finds test methods by default." +msgstr "" +"所有补丁都可被用作类装饰器。 当以这种方式使用时它们将会包装类中的每个测试方法。 补丁会将以名字以 ``'test'`` 开头的方法识别为测试方法。 " +"这与 :class:`unittest.TestLoader` 查找测试方法的默认方式相同。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1936 +msgid "" +"It is possible that you want to use a different prefix for your tests. You " +"can inform the patchers of the different prefix by setting " +"``patch.TEST_PREFIX``::" +msgstr "你可能会想要为你的测试使用不同的前缀。 你可以通过设置 ``patch.TEST_PREFIX`` 来告知打补丁方不同的前缀::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1939 +msgid "" +">>> patch.TEST_PREFIX = 'foo'\n" +">>> value = 3\n" +">>>\n" +">>> @patch('__main__.value', 'not three')\n" +"... class Thing:\n" +"... def foo_one(self):\n" +"... print(value)\n" +"... def foo_two(self):\n" +"... print(value)\n" +"...\n" +">>>\n" +">>> Thing().foo_one()\n" +"not three\n" +">>> Thing().foo_two()\n" +"not three\n" +">>> value\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> patch.TEST_PREFIX = 'foo'\n" +">>> value = 3\n" +">>>\n" +">>> @patch('__main__.value', 'not three')\n" +"... class Thing:\n" +"... def foo_one(self):\n" +"... print(value)\n" +"... def foo_two(self):\n" +"... print(value)\n" +"...\n" +">>>\n" +">>> Thing().foo_one()\n" +"not three\n" +">>> Thing().foo_two()\n" +"not three\n" +">>> value\n" +"3" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1959 +msgid "Nesting Patch Decorators" +msgstr "嵌套补丁装饰器" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1961 +msgid "" +"If you want to perform multiple patches then you can simply stack up the " +"decorators." +msgstr "如果你想要应用多重补丁那么你可以简单地堆叠多个装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1964 +msgid "You can stack up multiple patch decorators using this pattern:" +msgstr "你可以使用以下模式来堆叠多个补丁装饰器:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1980 +msgid "" +"Note that the decorators are applied from the bottom upwards. This is the " +"standard way that Python applies decorators. The order of the created mocks " +"passed into your test function matches this order." +msgstr "" +"请注意装饰器是从下往上被应用的。 这是 Python 应用装饰器的标准方式。 被创建并传入你的测试函数的 mock 的顺序也将匹配这个顺序。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1988 +msgid "Where to patch" +msgstr "补丁的位置" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1990 +msgid "" +":func:`patch` works by (temporarily) changing the object that a *name* " +"points to with another one. There can be many names pointing to any " +"individual object, so for patching to work you must ensure that you patch " +"the name used by the system under test." +msgstr "" +":func:`patch` 通过（临时性地）修改某一个对象的 *名称* 指向另一个对象来发挥作用。 " +"可以有多个名称指向任意单独对象，因此要让补丁起作用你必须确保已为被测试的系统所使用的名称打上补丁。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1995 +msgid "" +"The basic principle is that you patch where an object is *looked up*, which " +"is not necessarily the same place as where it is defined. A couple of " +"examples will help to clarify this." +msgstr "基本原则是你要在对象 *被查找* 的地方打补丁，这不一定就是它被定义的地方。 一组示例将有助于厘清这一点。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:1999 +msgid "" +"Imagine we have a project that we want to test with the following " +"structure::" +msgstr "想像我们有一个想要测试的具有如下结构的项目::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"a.py\n" +" -> Defines SomeClass\n" +"\n" +"b.py\n" +" -> from a import SomeClass\n" +" -> some_function instantiates SomeClass" +msgstr "" +"a.py\n" +" -> Defines SomeClass\n" +"\n" +"b.py\n" +" -> from a import SomeClass\n" +" -> some_function instantiates SomeClass" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"Now we want to test ``some_function`` but we want to mock out ``SomeClass`` " +"using :func:`patch`. The problem is that when we import module b, which we " +"will have to do when it imports ``SomeClass`` from module a. If we use " +":func:`patch` to mock out ``a.SomeClass`` then it will have no effect on our" +" test; module b already has a reference to the *real* ``SomeClass`` and it " +"looks like our patching had no effect." +msgstr "" +"现在我们想要测试 ``some_function`` 但我们想使用 :func:`patch` 来模拟 ``SomeClass``。 " +"问题在于当我们导入模块 b 时，我们必须让它从模块 a 导入 ``SomeClass``。 如果我们使用 :func:`patch` 来模拟 " +"``a.SomeClass`` 那么它将不会对我们的测试造成影响；模块 b 已经拥有对 *真正的* ``SomeClass`` " +"的血此看起来我们的补丁不会有任何影响。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2015 +msgid "" +"The key is to patch out ``SomeClass`` where it is used (or where it is " +"looked up). In this case ``some_function`` will actually look up " +"``SomeClass`` in module b, where we have imported it. The patching should " +"look like::" +msgstr "" +"关键在于对 ``SomeClass`` 打补丁操作是在它被使用（或它被查找）的地方。 在此情况下实际上 ``some_function`` 将在模块 b" +" 中查找 ``SomeClass``，而我们已经在那里导入了它。 补丁看上去应该是这样::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2019 +msgid "@patch('b.SomeClass')" +msgstr "@patch('b.SomeClass')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2021 +msgid "" +"However, consider the alternative scenario where instead of ``from a import " +"SomeClass`` module b does ``import a`` and ``some_function`` uses " +"``a.SomeClass``. Both of these import forms are common. In this case the " +"class we want to patch is being looked up in the module and so we have to " +"patch ``a.SomeClass`` instead::" +msgstr "" +"但是，再考虑另一个场景，其中不是 ``from a import SomeClass`` 而是模块 b 执行了 ``import a`` 并且 " +"``some_function`` 使用了 ``a.SomeClass``。 这两个导入形式都很常见。 " +"在这种情况下我们要打补丁的类将在该模块中被查找因而我们必须改为对 ``a.SomeClass`` 打补丁::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2026 +msgid "@patch('a.SomeClass')" +msgstr "@patch('a.SomeClass')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2030 +msgid "Patching Descriptors and Proxy Objects" +msgstr "对描述器和代理对象打补丁" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2032 +msgid "" +"Both patch_ and patch.object_ correctly patch and restore descriptors: class" +" methods, static methods and properties. You should patch these on the " +"*class* rather than an instance. They also work with *some* objects that " +"proxy attribute access, like the `django settings object " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"patch_ 和 patch.object_ 都能正确地对描述器打补丁并恢复：包含类方法、静态方法和特征属性。 你应当在 *类* " +"而不是实例上为它们打补丁。 它们也适用于代理属性访问的 *部分* 对象，例如 `django settings object " +"`_。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2040 +msgid "MagicMock and magic method support" +msgstr "MagicMock 与魔术方法支持" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2045 +msgid "Mocking Magic Methods" +msgstr "模拟魔术方法" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2047 +msgid "" +":class:`Mock` supports mocking the Python protocol methods, also known as " +":term:`\"magic methods\" `. This allows mock objects to " +"replace containers or other objects that implement Python protocols." +msgstr "" +":class:`Mock` 支持模拟 Python 协议方法，或称 :term:`\"魔术方法\" `。 这允许 mock " +"对象替代容器或其他实现了 Python 协议的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2051 +msgid "" +"Because magic methods are looked up differently from normal methods [#]_, " +"this support has been specially implemented. This means that only specific " +"magic methods are supported. The supported list includes *almost* all of " +"them. If there are any missing that you need please let us know." +msgstr "" +"因为查找魔术方法的方式不同于普通方法 [#]_，这种支持采用了特别的实现。 这意味着只有特定的魔术方法受到支持。 受支持的是 *几乎* 所有魔术方法。 " +"如果有你需要但被遗漏的请告知我们。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2056 +msgid "" +"You mock magic methods by setting the method you are interested in to a " +"function or a mock instance. If you are using a function then it *must* take" +" ``self`` as the first argument [#]_." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过在某个函数或 mock 实例中设置魔术方法来模拟它们。 如果你是使用函数则它 *必须* 接受 ``self`` 作为第一个参数 [#]_。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2079 +msgid "" +"One use case for this is for mocking objects used as context managers in a " +":keyword:`with` statement:" +msgstr "一个这样的应用场景是在 :keyword:`with` 语句中模拟作为上下文管理器的对象:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"Calls to magic methods do not appear in :attr:`~Mock.method_calls`, but they" +" are recorded in :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls`." +msgstr "" +"对魔术方法的调用不会在 :attr:`~Mock.method_calls` 中出现，但它们会被记录在 :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls`" +" 中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2096 +msgid "" +"If you use the *spec* keyword argument to create a mock then attempting to " +"set a magic method that isn't in the spec will raise an " +":exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"如果你使用 *spec* 关键字参数来创建 mock 那么尝试设置不包含在 spec 中的魔术方法将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2099 +msgid "The full list of supported magic methods is:" +msgstr "受支持魔术方法的完整列表如下:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2101 +msgid "``__hash__``, ``__sizeof__``, ``__repr__`` and ``__str__``" +msgstr "``__hash__``, ``__sizeof__``, ``__repr__`` 和 ``__str__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2102 +msgid "``__dir__``, ``__format__`` and ``__subclasses__``" +msgstr "``__dir__``, ``__format__`` 和 ``__subclasses__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2103 +msgid "``__round__``, ``__floor__``, ``__trunc__`` and ``__ceil__``" +msgstr "``__round__``, ``__floor__``, ``__trunc__`` 和 ``__ceil__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"Comparisons: ``__lt__``, ``__gt__``, ``__le__``, ``__ge__``, ``__eq__`` and " +"``__ne__``" +msgstr "" +"比较运算: ``__lt__``, ``__gt__``, ``__le__``, ``__ge__``, ``__eq__`` 和 " +"``__ne__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2106 +msgid "" +"Container methods: ``__getitem__``, ``__setitem__``, ``__delitem__``, " +"``__contains__``, ``__len__``, ``__iter__``, ``__reversed__`` and " +"``__missing__``" +msgstr "" +"容器方法: ``__getitem__``, ``__setitem__``, ``__delitem__``, ``__contains__``, " +"``__len__``, ``__iter__``, ``__reversed__`` 和 ``__missing__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"Context manager: ``__enter__``, ``__exit__``, ``__aenter__`` and " +"``__aexit__``" +msgstr "上下文管理器: ``__enter__``, ``__exit__``, ``__aenter__`` 和 ``__aexit__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2110 +msgid "Unary numeric methods: ``__neg__``, ``__pos__`` and ``__invert__``" +msgstr "单目数值运算方法: ``__neg__``, ``__pos__`` 和 ``__invert__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2111 +msgid "" +"The numeric methods (including right hand and in-place variants): " +"``__add__``, ``__sub__``, ``__mul__``, ``__matmul__``, ``__truediv__``, " +"``__floordiv__``, ``__mod__``, ``__divmod__``, ``__lshift__``, " +"``__rshift__``, ``__and__``, ``__xor__``, ``__or__``, and ``__pow__``" +msgstr "" +"数值运算方法（包括右侧和原地两种形式）: ``__add__``, ``__sub__``, ``__mul__``, ``__matmul__``, " +"``__truediv__``, ``__floordiv__``, ``__mod__``, ``__divmod__``, " +"``__lshift__``, ``__rshift__``, ``__and__``, ``__xor__``, ``__or__`` 和 " +"``__pow__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2115 +msgid "" +"Numeric conversion methods: ``__complex__``, ``__int__``, ``__float__`` and " +"``__index__``" +msgstr "数值转换方法: ``__complex__``, ``__int__``, ``__float__`` 和 ``__index__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2117 +msgid "Descriptor methods: ``__get__``, ``__set__`` and ``__delete__``" +msgstr "描述器方法: ``__get__``, ``__set__`` and ``__delete__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2118 +msgid "" +"Pickling: ``__reduce__``, ``__reduce_ex__``, ``__getinitargs__``, " +"``__getnewargs__``, ``__getstate__`` and ``__setstate__``" +msgstr "" +"封存方法: ``__reduce__``, ``__reduce_ex__``, ``__getinitargs__``, " +"``__getnewargs__``, ``__getstate__`` 和 ``__setstate__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2120 +msgid "File system path representation: ``__fspath__``" +msgstr "文件系统路径表示: ``__fspath__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2121 +msgid "Asynchronous iteration methods: ``__aiter__`` and ``__anext__``" +msgstr "异步迭代方法: ``__aiter__`` and ``__anext__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2123 +msgid "Added support for :func:`os.PathLike.__fspath__`." +msgstr "增加了对 :func:`os.PathLike.__fspath__` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2126 +msgid "" +"Added support for ``__aenter__``, ``__aexit__``, ``__aiter__`` and " +"``__anext__``." +msgstr "" +"增加了对 ``__aenter__``, ``__aexit__``, ``__aiter__`` 和 ``__anext__`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2130 +msgid "" +"The following methods exist but are *not* supported as they are either in " +"use by mock, can't be set dynamically, or can cause problems:" +msgstr "下列方法均存在但是 *不受* 支持，因为它们或者被 mock 所使用，或者无法动态设置，或者可能导致问题:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2133 +msgid "``__getattr__``, ``__setattr__``, ``__init__`` and ``__new__``" +msgstr "``__getattr__``, ``__setattr__``, ``__init__`` 和 ``__new__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2134 +msgid "" +"``__prepare__``, ``__instancecheck__``, ``__subclasscheck__``, ``__del__``" +msgstr "" +"``__prepare__``, ``__instancecheck__``, ``__subclasscheck__``, ``__del__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2139 +msgid "Magic Mock" +msgstr "MagicMock" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2141 +msgid "" +"There are two ``MagicMock`` variants: :class:`MagicMock` and " +":class:`NonCallableMagicMock`." +msgstr "" +"存在两个版本的 ``MagicMock``: :class:`MagicMock` 和 :class:`NonCallableMagicMock`." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2146 +msgid "" +"``MagicMock`` is a subclass of :class:`Mock` with default implementations of" +" most of the :term:`magic methods `. You can use ``MagicMock``" +" without having to configure the magic methods yourself." +msgstr "" +"``MagicMock`` 是具有大部分 :term:`魔术方法 ` 的默认实现的 :class:`Mock` 的子类。 " +"你可以使用 ``MagicMock`` 而无法自行配置这些魔术方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2150 +msgid "The constructor parameters have the same meaning as for :class:`Mock`." +msgstr "构造器形参的含义与 :class:`Mock` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2152 +msgid "" +"If you use the *spec* or *spec_set* arguments then *only* magic methods that" +" exist in the spec will be created." +msgstr "如果你使用了 *spec* 或 *spec_set* 参数则将 *只有* 存在于 spec 中的魔术方法会被创建。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2158 +msgid "A non-callable version of :class:`MagicMock`." +msgstr ":class:`MagicMock` 的不可调用版本。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2160 +msgid "" +"The constructor parameters have the same meaning as for :class:`MagicMock`, " +"with the exception of *return_value* and *side_effect* which have no meaning" +" on a non-callable mock." +msgstr "" +"其构造器的形参具有与 :class:`MagicMock` 相同的含义，区别在于 *return_value* 和 *side_effect* " +"在不可调用的 mock 上没有意义。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2164 +msgid "" +"The magic methods are setup with :class:`MagicMock` objects, so you can " +"configure them and use them in the usual way:" +msgstr "魔术方法是通过 :class:`MagicMock` 对象来设置的，因此你可以用通常的方式来配置它们并使用它们:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2174 +msgid "" +"By default many of the protocol methods are required to return objects of a " +"specific type. These methods are preconfigured with a default return value, " +"so that they can be used without you having to do anything if you aren't " +"interested in the return value. You can still *set* the return value " +"manually if you want to change the default." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下许多协议方法都需要返回特定类型的对象。 这些方法都预先配置了默认的返回值，以便它们在你对返回值不感兴趣时可以不做任何事就能被使用。 " +"如果你想要修改默认值则你仍然可以手动 *设置* 返回值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2180 +msgid "Methods and their defaults:" +msgstr "方法及其默认返回值:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2182 +msgid "``__lt__``: :data:`NotImplemented`" +msgstr "``__lt__``: :data:`NotImplemented`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2183 +msgid "``__gt__``: :data:`!NotImplemented`" +msgstr "``__gt__``: :data:`!NotImplemented`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2184 +msgid "``__le__``: :data:`!NotImplemented`" +msgstr "``__le__``: :data:`!NotImplemented`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2185 +msgid "``__ge__``: :data:`!NotImplemented`" +msgstr "``__ge__``: :data:`!NotImplemented`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2186 +msgid "``__int__``: ``1``" +msgstr "``__int__``: ``1``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2187 +msgid "``__contains__``: ``False``" +msgstr "``__contains__``: ``False``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2188 +msgid "``__len__``: ``0``" +msgstr "``__len__``: ``0``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2189 +msgid "``__iter__``: ``iter([])``" +msgstr "``__iter__``: ``iter([])``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2190 +msgid "``__exit__``: ``False``" +msgstr "``__exit__``: ``False``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2191 +msgid "``__aexit__``: ``False``" +msgstr "``__aexit__``: ``False``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2192 +msgid "``__complex__``: ``1j``" +msgstr "``__complex__``: ``1j``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2193 +msgid "``__float__``: ``1.0``" +msgstr "``__float__``: ``1.0``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2194 +msgid "``__bool__``: ``True``" +msgstr "``__bool__``: ``True``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2195 +msgid "``__index__``: ``1``" +msgstr "``__index__``: ``1``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2196 +msgid "``__hash__``: default hash for the mock" +msgstr "``__hash__``: mock 的默认 hash" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2197 +msgid "``__str__``: default str for the mock" +msgstr "``__str__``: mock 的默认 str" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2198 +msgid "``__sizeof__``: default sizeof for the mock" +msgstr "``__sizeof__``: mock 的默认 sizeof" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2200 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2212 +msgid "" +"The two equality methods, :meth:`!__eq__` and :meth:`!__ne__`, are special. " +"They do the default equality comparison on identity, using the " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` attribute, unless you change their return value to" +" return something else::" +msgstr "" +"两个相等性方法 :meth:`!__eq__` 和 :meth:`!__ne__` 是特殊的。 它们会基于标识号进行默认的相等性比较，使用 " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 属性，除非你修改它们的返回值以返回其他内容::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2217 +msgid "" +">>> MagicMock() == 3\n" +"False\n" +">>> MagicMock() != 3\n" +"True\n" +">>> mock = MagicMock()\n" +">>> mock.__eq__.return_value = True\n" +">>> mock == 3\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> MagicMock() == 3\n" +"False\n" +">>> MagicMock() != 3\n" +"True\n" +">>> mock = MagicMock()\n" +">>> mock.__eq__.return_value = True\n" +">>> mock == 3\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2226 +msgid "" +"The return value of :meth:`MagicMock.__iter__` can be any iterable object " +"and isn't required to be an iterator:" +msgstr ":meth:`MagicMock.__iter__` 的返回值可以是任意可迭代对象而不要求必须是迭代器:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"If the return value *is* an iterator, then iterating over it once will " +"consume it and subsequent iterations will result in an empty list:" +msgstr "如果返回值 *是* 迭代器，则对其执行一次迭代就会将它耗尽因而后续执行的迭代将会输出空列表:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2245 +msgid "" +"``MagicMock`` has all of the supported magic methods configured except for " +"some of the obscure and obsolete ones. You can still set these up if you " +"want." +msgstr "``MagicMock`` 已配置了所有受支持的魔术方法，只有某些晦涩和过时的魔术方法是例外。 如果你需要仍然可以设置它们。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2248 +msgid "" +"Magic methods that are supported but not setup by default in ``MagicMock`` " +"are:" +msgstr "在 ``MagicMock`` 中受到支持但默认未被设置的魔术方法有:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2250 +msgid "``__subclasses__``" +msgstr "``__subclasses__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2251 +msgid "``__dir__``" +msgstr "``__dir__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2252 +msgid "``__format__``" +msgstr "``__format__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2253 +msgid "``__get__``, ``__set__`` and ``__delete__``" +msgstr "``__get__``, ``__set__`` 和 ``__delete__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2254 +msgid "``__reversed__`` and ``__missing__``" +msgstr "``__reversed__`` 和 ``__missing__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2255 +msgid "" +"``__reduce__``, ``__reduce_ex__``, ``__getinitargs__``, ``__getnewargs__``, " +"``__getstate__`` and ``__setstate__``" +msgstr "" +"``__reduce__``, ``__reduce_ex__``, ``__getinitargs__``, ``__getnewargs__``, " +"``__getstate__`` 和 ``__setstate__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2257 +msgid "``__getformat__``" +msgstr "``__getformat__``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2261 +msgid "" +"Magic methods *should* be looked up on the class rather than the instance. " +"Different versions of Python are inconsistent about applying this rule. The " +"supported protocol methods should work with all supported versions of " +"Python." +msgstr "" +"魔术方法 *应当* 是在类中而不是在实例中查找。 不同的 Python 版本对这个规则的应用并不一致。 受支持的协议方法应当适用于所有受支持的 " +"Python 版本。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2265 +msgid "" +"The function is basically hooked up to the class, but each ``Mock`` instance" +" is kept isolated from the others." +msgstr "该函数基本上是与类挂钩的，但每个 ``Mock`` 实例都会与其他实例保持隔离。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2270 +msgid "Helpers" +msgstr "辅助对象" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2273 +msgid "sentinel" +msgstr "sentinel" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2277 +msgid "" +"The ``sentinel`` object provides a convenient way of providing unique " +"objects for your tests." +msgstr "``sentinel`` 对象提供了一种为你的测试提供独特对象的便捷方式。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2280 +msgid "" +"Attributes are created on demand when you access them by name. Accessing the" +" same attribute will always return the same object. The objects returned " +"have a sensible repr so that test failure messages are readable." +msgstr "" +"属性是在你通过名称访问它们时按需创建的。 访问相同的属性将始终返回相同的对象。 返回的对象会有一个合理的 repr 以使测试失败消息易于理解。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2284 +msgid "" +"The ``sentinel`` attributes now preserve their identity when they are " +":mod:`copied ` or :mod:`pickled `." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``sentinel`` 属性会在它们被 :mod:`copy ` 或 :mod:`pickle ` 时保存其标识。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2288 +msgid "" +"Sometimes when testing you need to test that a specific object is passed as " +"an argument to another method, or returned. It can be common to create named" +" sentinel objects to test this. :data:`sentinel` provides a convenient way " +"of creating and testing the identity of objects like this." +msgstr "" +"在测试时你可能需要测试是否有一个特定的对象作为参数被传给了另一个方法，或是被其返回。 通常的做法是创建一个指定名称的 sentinel " +"对象来执行这种测试。 :data:`sentinel` 提供了一种创建和测试此类对象的标识的便捷方式。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2293 +msgid "" +"In this example we monkey patch ``method`` to return " +"``sentinel.some_object``:" +msgstr "在这个示例中我们为 ``method`` 打上便捷补丁以返回 ``sentinel.some_object``:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2305 +msgid "DEFAULT" +msgstr "DEFAULT" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2310 +msgid "" +"The :data:`DEFAULT` object is a pre-created sentinel (actually " +"``sentinel.DEFAULT``). It can be used by :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` functions" +" to indicate that the normal return value should be used." +msgstr "" +":data:`DEFAULT` 对象是一个预先创建的 sentinel (实际为 ``sentinel.DEFAULT``)。 它可被 " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 函数用来指明其应当使用正常的返回值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2316 +msgid "call" +msgstr "call" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2320 +msgid "" +":func:`call` is a helper object for making simpler assertions, for comparing" +" with :attr:`~Mock.call_args`, :attr:`~Mock.call_args_list`, " +":attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` and :attr:`~Mock.method_calls`. :func:`call` can " +"also be used with :meth:`~Mock.assert_has_calls`." +msgstr "" +":func:`call` 是一个可创建更简单断言的辅助对象，用于同 :attr:`~Mock.call_args`, " +":attr:`~Mock.call_args_list`, :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` 和 " +":attr:`~Mock.method_calls` 进行比较。 :func:`call` 也可配合 " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_has_calls` 使用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2333 +msgid "" +"For a call object that represents multiple calls, :meth:`call_list` returns " +"a list of all the intermediate calls as well as the final call." +msgstr "对于代表多个调用的 call 对象，:meth:`call_list` 将返回一个包含所有中间调用以及最终调用的列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2337 +msgid "" +"``call_list`` is particularly useful for making assertions on \"chained " +"calls\". A chained call is multiple calls on a single line of code. This " +"results in multiple entries in :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` on a mock. Manually " +"constructing the sequence of calls can be tedious." +msgstr "" +"``call_list`` 特别适用于创建针对“链式调用”的断言。 链式调用是指在一行代码中执行的多个调用。 这将使得一个 mock 的中存在多个条目 " +":attr:`~Mock.mock_calls`。 手动构造调用的序列将会很烦琐。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2342 +msgid "" +":meth:`~call.call_list` can construct the sequence of calls from the same " +"chained call:" +msgstr ":meth:`~call.call_list` 可以根据同一个链式调用构造包含多个调用的序列:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2359 +msgid "" +"A ``call`` object is either a tuple of (positional args, keyword args) or " +"(name, positional args, keyword args) depending on how it was constructed. " +"When you construct them yourself this isn't particularly interesting, but " +"the ``call`` objects that are in the :attr:`Mock.call_args`, " +":attr:`Mock.call_args_list` and :attr:`Mock.mock_calls` attributes can be " +"introspected to get at the individual arguments they contain." +msgstr "" +"根据构造方式的不同，``call`` 对象可以是一个 (位置参数, 关键字参数) 或 (名称, 位置参数, 关键字参数) 元组。 " +"当你自行构造它们时这没有什么关系，但是 :attr:`Mock.call_args`, :attr:`Mock.call_args_list` 和 " +":attr:`Mock.mock_calls` 属性当中的 ``call`` 对象可以被反查以获取它们所包含的单个参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2366 +msgid "" +"The ``call`` objects in :attr:`Mock.call_args` and " +":attr:`Mock.call_args_list` are two-tuples of (positional args, keyword " +"args) whereas the ``call`` objects in :attr:`Mock.mock_calls`, along with " +"ones you construct yourself, are three-tuples of (name, positional args, " +"keyword args)." +msgstr "" +":attr:`Mock.call_args` 和 :attr:`Mock.call_args_list` 中的 ``call`` 对象是 (位置参数, " +"关键字参数) 二元组而 :attr:`Mock.mock_calls` 中以及你自行构造的 ``call`` 对象则是 (名称, 位置参数, " +"关键字参数) 三元组。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2371 +msgid "" +"You can use their \"tupleness\" to pull out the individual arguments for " +"more complex introspection and assertions. The positional arguments are a " +"tuple (an empty tuple if there are no positional arguments) and the keyword " +"arguments are a dictionary:" +msgstr "" +"你可以使用它们作为“元组”的特性来为更复杂的内省和断言功能获取单个参数。 位置参数是一个元组（如无位置参数则为空元组）而关键字参数是一个字典:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2404 +msgid "create_autospec" +msgstr "create_autospec" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2408 +msgid "" +"Create a mock object using another object as a spec. Attributes on the mock " +"will use the corresponding attribute on the *spec* object as their spec." +msgstr "使用另一对象作为 spec 来创建 mock 对象。 mock 的属性将使用 *spec* 对象上的对应属性作为其 spec。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2412 +msgid "" +"Functions or methods being mocked will have their arguments checked to " +"ensure that they are called with the correct signature." +msgstr "被模拟的函数或方法的参数将会被检查以确保它们是附带了正确的签名被调用的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2415 +msgid "" +"If *spec_set* is ``True`` then attempting to set attributes that don't exist" +" on the spec object will raise an :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" +"如果 *spec_set* 为 ``True`` 则尝试设置不存在于 spec 对象中的属性将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2418 +msgid "" +"If a class is used as a spec then the return value of the mock (the instance" +" of the class) will have the same spec. You can use a class as the spec for " +"an instance object by passing ``instance=True``. The returned mock will only" +" be callable if instances of the mock are callable." +msgstr "" +"如果将类用作 spec 则 mock（该类的实例）的返回值将为这个 spec。 你可以通过传入 ``instance=True`` " +"来将某个类用作一个实例对象的 spec。 被返回的 mock 将仅在该 mock 的实例为可调用对象时才会是可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2423 +msgid "" +":func:`create_autospec` also takes arbitrary keyword arguments that are " +"passed to the constructor of the created mock." +msgstr ":func:`create_autospec` 也接受被传入所创建 mock 的构造器的任意关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2426 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`auto-speccing` for examples of how to use auto-speccing with " +":func:`create_autospec` and the *autospec* argument to :func:`patch`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :ref:`auto-speccing` 来了解如何通过 :func:`create_autospec` 以及 :func:`patch` 的 " +"*autospec* 参数来自动设置 spec。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2432 +msgid "" +":func:`create_autospec` now returns an :class:`AsyncMock` if the target is " +"an async function." +msgstr "如果目标为异步函数那么 :func:`create_autospec` 现在将返回一个 :class:`AsyncMock`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2437 +msgid "ANY" +msgstr "ANY" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2441 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you may need to make assertions about *some* of the arguments in a" +" call to mock, but either not care about some of the arguments or want to " +"pull them individually out of :attr:`~Mock.call_args` and make more complex " +"assertions on them." +msgstr "" +"有时你可能需要设置关于要模拟的调用中的 *某些* 参数的断言，但是又不想理会其他参数或者想要从 :attr:`~Mock.call_args` " +"中单独拿出它们并针对它们设置更复杂的断言。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2446 +msgid "" +"To ignore certain arguments you can pass in objects that compare equal to " +"*everything*. Calls to :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` and " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with` will then succeed no matter what was " +"passed in." +msgstr "" +"为了忽略某些参数你可以传入与 *任意对象* 相等的对象。 这样再调用 :meth:`~Mock.assert_called_with` 和 " +":meth:`~Mock.assert_called_once_with` 时无论传入什么参数都将执行成功。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2455 +msgid "" +":data:`ANY` can also be used in comparisons with call lists like " +":attr:`~Mock.mock_calls`:" +msgstr ":data:`ANY` 也可被用在与 :attr:`~Mock.mock_calls` 这样的调用列表相比较的场合:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2465 +msgid "" +":data:`ANY` is not limited to comparisons with call objects and so can also " +"be used in test assertions::" +msgstr ":data:`ANY` 并不仅限于同调用对象的比较而是也可被用于测试断言::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2468 +msgid "" +"class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_split(self):\n" +" s = 'hello world'\n" +" self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', ANY])" +msgstr "" +"class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_split(self):\n" +" s = 'hello world'\n" +" self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', ANY])" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2476 +msgid "FILTER_DIR" +msgstr "FILTER_DIR" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2480 +msgid "" +":data:`FILTER_DIR` is a module level variable that controls the way mock " +"objects respond to :func:`dir`. The default is ``True``, which uses the " +"filtering described below, to only show useful members. If you dislike this " +"filtering, or need to switch it off for diagnostic purposes, then set " +"``mock.FILTER_DIR = False``." +msgstr "" +":data:`FILTER_DIR` 是一个控制 mock 对象响应 :func:`dir` 的方式的模块组变量。 默认值为 " +"``True``，这将使用下文所描述的过滤操作，以便只显示有用的成员。 如果你不喜欢这样的过滤，或是出于诊断目的需要将其关闭，则应设置 " +"``mock.FILTER_DIR = False``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2486 +msgid "" +"With filtering on, ``dir(some_mock)`` shows only useful attributes and will " +"include any dynamically created attributes that wouldn't normally be shown. " +"If the mock was created with a *spec* (or *autospec* of course) then all the" +" attributes from the original are shown, even if they haven't been accessed " +"yet:" +msgstr "" +"当启用过滤时，``dir(some_mock)`` 将只显示有用的属性并将包括正常情况下不会被显示的任何动态创建的属性。 如果 mock 是使用 " +"*spec* (当然也可以是 *autospec*) 创建的则原有的所有属性都将被显示，即使它们还未被访问过:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2492 +msgid "" +">>> dir(Mock())\n" +"['assert_any_call',\n" +" 'assert_called',\n" +" 'assert_called_once',\n" +" 'assert_called_once_with',\n" +" 'assert_called_with',\n" +" 'assert_has_calls',\n" +" 'assert_not_called',\n" +" 'attach_mock',\n" +" ...\n" +">>> from urllib import request\n" +">>> dir(Mock(spec=request))\n" +"['AbstractBasicAuthHandler',\n" +" 'AbstractDigestAuthHandler',\n" +" 'AbstractHTTPHandler',\n" +" 'BaseHandler',\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +">>> dir(Mock())\n" +"['assert_any_call',\n" +" 'assert_called',\n" +" 'assert_called_once',\n" +" 'assert_called_once_with',\n" +" 'assert_called_with',\n" +" 'assert_has_calls',\n" +" 'assert_not_called',\n" +" 'attach_mock',\n" +" ...\n" +">>> from urllib import request\n" +">>> dir(Mock(spec=request))\n" +"['AbstractBasicAuthHandler',\n" +" 'AbstractDigestAuthHandler',\n" +" 'AbstractHTTPHandler',\n" +" 'BaseHandler',\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2513 +msgid "" +"Many of the not-very-useful (private to :class:`Mock` rather than the thing " +"being mocked) underscore and double underscore prefixed attributes have been" +" filtered from the result of calling :func:`dir` on a :class:`Mock`. If you " +"dislike this behaviour you can switch it off by setting the module level " +"switch :data:`FILTER_DIR`:" +msgstr "" +"许多不太有用的（是 :class:`Mock` 的而不是被模拟对象的私有成员）开头带有下划线和双下划线的属性已从在 :class:`Mock` 上对 " +":func:`dir` 的调用的结果中被过滤。 如果你不喜欢此行为你可以通过设置模块级开关 :data:`FILTER_DIR` 来将其关闭:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2519 +msgid "" +">>> from unittest import mock\n" +">>> mock.FILTER_DIR = False\n" +">>> dir(mock.Mock())\n" +"['_NonCallableMock__get_return_value',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__get_side_effect',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__return_value_doc',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__set_return_value',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__set_side_effect',\n" +" '__call__',\n" +" '__class__',\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +">>> from unittest import mock\n" +">>> mock.FILTER_DIR = False\n" +">>> dir(mock.Mock())\n" +"['_NonCallableMock__get_return_value',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__get_side_effect',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__return_value_doc',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__set_return_value',\n" +" '_NonCallableMock__set_side_effect',\n" +" '__call__',\n" +" '__class__',\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2534 +msgid "" +"Alternatively you can just use ``vars(my_mock)`` (instance members) and " +"``dir(type(my_mock))`` (type members) to bypass the filtering irrespective " +"of :const:`FILTER_DIR`." +msgstr "" +"或者你也可以直接使用 ``vars(my_mock)`` (实例成员) 和 ``dir(type(my_mock))`` (类型成员) 来绕过不考虑 " +":const:`FILTER_DIR` 的过滤。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2540 +msgid "mock_open" +msgstr "mock_open" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2544 +msgid "" +"A helper function to create a mock to replace the use of :func:`open`. It " +"works for :func:`open` called directly or used as a context manager." +msgstr "" +"创建 mock 来代替使用 :func:`open` 的辅助函数。 它对于 :func:`open` 被直接调用或被用作上下文管理器的情况都适用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2547 +msgid "" +"The *mock* argument is the mock object to configure. If ``None`` (the " +"default) then a :class:`MagicMock` will be created for you, with the API " +"limited to methods or attributes available on standard file handles." +msgstr "" +"*mock* 参数是要配置的 mock 对象。 如为 ``None`` (默认值) 则将为你创建一个 :class:`MagicMock`，其 API " +"会被限制为可用于标准文件处理的方法或属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2551 +msgid "" +"*read_data* is a string for the :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read`, " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readline`, and :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` methods of the" +" file handle to return. Calls to those methods will take data from " +"*read_data* until it is depleted. The mock of these methods is pretty " +"simplistic: every time the *mock* is called, the *read_data* is rewound to " +"the start. If you need more control over the data that you are feeding to " +"the tested code you will need to customize this mock for yourself. When " +"that is insufficient, one of the in-memory filesystem packages on `PyPI " +"`_ can offer a realistic filesystem for testing." +msgstr "" +"*read_data* 是供文件句柄的 :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read`, :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` " +"和 :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` 方法返回的字符串。 调用这些方法将会从 *read_data* 获取数据直到它被耗尽。 " +"对这些方法的模拟是相当简化的：每次 *mock* 被调用时，*read_data* 都将从头开始。 " +"如果你需要对你提供给测试代码的数据有更多控制那么你将需要自行定制这个 mock。 如果这还不够用，那么通过一些 `PyPI " +"`_ 上的内存文件系统包可以提供更真实的测试用文件系统。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2561 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` and :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` support. " +"The mock of :meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read` changed to consume *read_data* rather" +" than returning it on each call." +msgstr "" +"增加了对 :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline` 和 :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines` 的支持。 对 " +":meth:`~io.RawIOBase.read` 的模拟被改为消耗 *read_data* 而不是每次调用时返回它。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2566 +msgid "*read_data* is now reset on each call to the *mock*." +msgstr "*read_data* 现在会在每次 *mock* 的调用时重置。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2569 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`~container.__iter__` to implementation so that iteration (such " +"as in for loops) correctly consumes *read_data*." +msgstr "" +"为实现增加了 :meth:`~container.__iter__` 以便迭代操作（例如在 for 循环中）能正确地使用 *read_data*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2573 +msgid "" +"Using :func:`open` as a context manager is a great way to ensure your file " +"handles are closed properly and is becoming common::" +msgstr "将 :func:`open` 用作上下文管理器一确保你的文件处理被正确关闭的最佳方式因而十分常用::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2576 +msgid "" +"with open('/some/path', 'w') as f:\n" +" f.write('something')" +msgstr "" +"with open('/some/path', 'w') as f:\n" +" f.write('something')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2579 +msgid "" +"The issue is that even if you mock out the call to :func:`open` it is the " +"*returned object* that is used as a context manager (and has " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` called)." +msgstr "" +"这里的问题在于即使你模拟了对 :func:`open` 的调用但被用作上下文管理器（并调用其 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法）的却是 *被返回的对象*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2583 +msgid "" +"Mocking context managers with a :class:`MagicMock` is common enough and " +"fiddly enough that a helper function is useful. ::" +msgstr "通过 :class:`MagicMock` 来模拟上下文管理器是十分常见且十分麻烦的因此需要使用一个辅助函数。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2586 +msgid "" +">>> m = mock_open()\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.open', m):\n" +"... with open('foo', 'w') as h:\n" +"... h.write('some stuff')\n" +"...\n" +">>> m.mock_calls\n" +"[call('foo', 'w'),\n" +" call().__enter__(),\n" +" call().write('some stuff'),\n" +" call().__exit__(None, None, None)]\n" +">>> m.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'w')\n" +">>> handle = m()\n" +">>> handle.write.assert_called_once_with('some stuff')" +msgstr "" +">>> m = mock_open()\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.open', m):\n" +"... with open('foo', 'w') as h:\n" +"... h.write('some stuff')\n" +"...\n" +">>> m.mock_calls\n" +"[call('foo', 'w'),\n" +" call().__enter__(),\n" +" call().write('some stuff'),\n" +" call().__exit__(None, None, None)]\n" +">>> m.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'w')\n" +">>> handle = m()\n" +">>> handle.write.assert_called_once_with('some stuff')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2600 +msgid "And for reading files::" +msgstr "以及针对读取文件::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2602 +msgid "" +">>> with patch('__main__.open', mock_open(read_data='bibble')) as m:\n" +"... with open('foo') as h:\n" +"... result = h.read()\n" +"...\n" +">>> m.assert_called_once_with('foo')\n" +">>> assert result == 'bibble'" +msgstr "" +">>> with patch('__main__.open', mock_open(read_data='bibble')) as m:\n" +"... with open('foo') as h:\n" +"... result = h.read()\n" +"...\n" +">>> m.assert_called_once_with('foo')\n" +">>> assert result == 'bibble'" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2613 +msgid "Autospeccing" +msgstr "自动 spec" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2615 +msgid "" +"Autospeccing is based on the existing :attr:`!spec` feature of mock. It " +"limits the api of mocks to the api of an original object (the spec), but it " +"is recursive (implemented lazily) so that attributes of mocks only have the " +"same api as the attributes of the spec. In addition mocked functions / " +"methods have the same call signature as the original so they raise a " +":exc:`TypeError` if they are called incorrectly." +msgstr "" +"自动 spec 是基于 mock 现有的 :attr:`!spec` 特性。 它将 mock 的 api 限制为原始对象（spec）的 " +"api，但它是递归（惰性实现）的因而 mock 的属性只有与 spec 的属性相同的 api。 除此之外被模拟的函数 / " +"方法具有与原对应物相同的调用签名因此如果它们被不正确地调用时会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2622 +msgid "Before I explain how auto-speccing works, here's why it is needed." +msgstr "在我开始解释自动 spec 如何运作之前，先说明一下它的必要性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2624 +msgid "" +":class:`Mock` is a very powerful and flexible object, but it suffers from a " +"flaw which is general to mocking. If you refactor some of your code, rename " +"members and so on, any tests for code that is still using the *old api* but " +"uses mocks instead of the real objects will still pass. This means your " +"tests can all pass even though your code is broken." +msgstr "" +":class:`Mock` 是个非常强大和灵活的对象，但对 mock 操作来说有一个普遍存在的缺陷。 " +"如果你重构了你的部分代码，如修改成员的名称等，则针对仍然使用 *旧 API* 但其使用的是 mock 而非真实对象的代码的测试仍将通过。 " +"这意味着即使你的代码已被破坏你的测试却仍可能全部通过。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2632 +msgid "" +"Before 3.5, tests with a typo in the word assert would silently pass when " +"they should raise an error. You can still achieve this behavior by passing " +"``unsafe=True`` to Mock." +msgstr "" +"在 3.5 之前，在词断言中带有拼写错误应当引发错误的测试将会静默地通过。 你仍然可通过向 Mock 传入 ``unsafe=True`` " +"来实现此行为。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2635 +msgid "" +"Note that this is another reason why you need integration tests as well as " +"unit tests. Testing everything in isolation is all fine and dandy, but if " +"you don't test how your units are \"wired together\" there is still lots of " +"room for bugs that tests might have caught." +msgstr "" +"请注意这是为什么你在单元测试之外还需要集成测试的原因之一。 " +"孤立地测试每个部分时全都正常而顺滑，但是如果你没有测试你的各个单元“联成一体”的情况如何那么就仍然存在测试可以发现大量错误的空间。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2640 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` already provides a feature to help with this, called " +"speccing. If you use a class or instance as the :attr:`!spec` for a mock " +"then you can only access attributes on the mock that exist on the real " +"class:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` 已经提供了一个对此有帮助的特性，称为 spec 控制。 如果你使用类或实例作为一个 mock 的 " +":attr:`!spec` 那么你将仅能访问 mock 中只存在于实际的类中的属性：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2651 +msgid "" +"The spec only applies to the mock itself, so we still have the same issue " +"with any methods on the mock:" +msgstr "这个 spec 仅会应用于 mock 本身，因此对于 mock 中的任意方法我们仍然面临相同的问题:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2654 +msgid "" +">>> mock.has_data()\n" +"\n" +">>> mock.has_data.assret_called_with() # Intentional typo!" +msgstr "" +">>> mock.has_data()\n" +"\n" +">>> mock.has_data.assret_called_with() # 故意的拼写错误！" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2660 +msgid "" +"Auto-speccing solves this problem. You can either pass ``autospec=True`` to " +":func:`patch` / :func:`patch.object` or use the :func:`create_autospec` " +"function to create a mock with a spec. If you use the ``autospec=True`` " +"argument to :func:`patch` then the object that is being replaced will be " +"used as the spec object. Because the speccing is done \"lazily\" (the spec " +"is created as attributes on the mock are accessed) you can use it with very " +"complex or deeply nested objects (like modules that import modules that " +"import modules) without a big performance hit." +msgstr "" +"自动 spec 解决了这个问题。 你可以将 ``autospec=True`` 传给 :func:`patch` / " +":func:`patch.object` 或是使用 :func:`create_autospec` 函数来创建带有 spec 的 mock。 如果你是将" +" ``autospec=True`` 参数传给 :func:`patch` 那么被替代的那个对象将被用作 spec 对象。 因为 spec " +"控制是“惰性地”执行的（spec 在 mock " +"中的属性被访问时才会被创建）所以即使是非常复杂或深度嵌套的对象（例如需要导入本身已导入了多个模块的模块）你也可以使用它而不会有太大的性能损失。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2669 +msgid "Here's an example of it in use::" +msgstr "以下是一个实际应用的示例::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2671 +msgid "" +">>> from urllib import request\n" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.request', autospec=True)\n" +">>> mock_request = patcher.start()\n" +">>> request is mock_request\n" +"True\n" +">>> mock_request.Request\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from urllib import request\n" +">>> patcher = patch('__main__.request', autospec=True)\n" +">>> mock_request = patcher.start()\n" +">>> request is mock_request\n" +"True\n" +">>> mock_request.Request\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2679 +msgid "" +"You can see that :class:`!request.Request` has a spec. " +":class:`!request.Request` takes two arguments in the constructor (one of " +"which is *self*). Here's what happens if we try to call it incorrectly::" +msgstr "" +"你可以看到 :class:`!request.Request` 有一个 spec。 :class:`!request.Request` " +"构造器接受两个参数 (其中一个是 *self*)。 如果我们尝试不正确地调用它就会是这样的结果::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2683 +msgid "" +">>> req = request.Request()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: () takes at least 2 arguments (1 given)" +msgstr "" +">>> req = request.Request()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: () takes at least 2 arguments (1 given)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2688 +msgid "" +"The spec also applies to instantiated classes (i.e. the return value of " +"specced mocks)::" +msgstr "该 spec 也将应用于被实例化的类（即附带i.e. the return value of spec 的 mock 的返回值）::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2691 +msgid "" +">>> req = request.Request('foo')\n" +">>> req\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> req = request.Request('foo')\n" +">>> req\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2695 +msgid "" +":class:`!Request` objects are not callable, so the return value of " +"instantiating our mocked out :class:`!request.Request` is a non-callable " +"mock. With the spec in place any typos in our asserts will raise the correct" +" error::" +msgstr "" +":class:`!Request` 对象不是可调用对象，因此实例化我们的被模拟 :class:`!request.Request` " +"的返回值是一个不可调用的 mock。 有了这个 spec 我们的断言中出现的任何拼写问题都将引发正确的报错::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2699 +msgid "" +">>> req.add_header('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"\n" +">>> req.add_header.assret_called_with # Intentional typo!\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: Mock object has no attribute 'assret_called_with'\n" +">>> req.add_header.assert_called_with('spam', 'eggs')" +msgstr "" +">>> req.add_header('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"\n" +">>> req.add_header.assret_called_with # 故意的拼写错误！\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: Mock object has no attribute 'assret_called_with'\n" +">>> req.add_header.assert_called_with('spam', 'eggs')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2707 +msgid "" +"In many cases you will just be able to add ``autospec=True`` to your " +"existing :func:`patch` calls and then be protected against bugs due to typos" +" and api changes." +msgstr "" +"在许多情况下你将只需将 ``autospec=True`` 添加到你现有的 :func:`patch` 调用中即可防止拼写错误和 api " +"变化所导致的问题。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2711 +msgid "" +"As well as using *autospec* through :func:`patch` there is a " +":func:`create_autospec` for creating autospecced mocks directly:" +msgstr "" +"除了通过 :func:`patch` 来使用 *autospec* 还有一个 :func:`create_autospec` 可以直接创建带有自动 " +"spec 的 mock:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2719 +msgid "" +"This isn't without caveats and limitations however, which is why it is not " +"the default behaviour. In order to know what attributes are available on the" +" spec object, autospec has to introspect (access attributes) the spec. As " +"you traverse attributes on the mock a corresponding traversal of the " +"original object is happening under the hood. If any of your specced objects " +"have properties or descriptors that can trigger code execution then you may " +"not be able to use autospec. On the other hand it is much better to design " +"your objects so that introspection is safe [#]_." +msgstr "" +"不过这并非没有缺点和限制，这也就是为什么它不是默认行为。 为了知道在 spec 对象上有哪些属性是可用的，autospec 必须对 spec " +"进行自省（访问其属性）。 当你遍历 mock 上的属性时在原始对象上的对应遍历也将在底层进行。 如果你的任何带 spec " +"的对象具有可触发代码执行的特征属性或描述器则你可能会无法使用 autospec。 在另一方面更好的的做法是将你的对象设计为可以安全地执行自省 [#]_。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2728 +msgid "" +"A more serious problem is that it is common for instance attributes to be " +"created in the :meth:`~object.__init__` method and not to exist on the class" +" at all. *autospec* can't know about any dynamically created attributes and " +"restricts the api to visible attributes. ::" +msgstr "" +"一个更严重的问题在于实例属性通常是在 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法中被创建而在类中完全不存在。 *autospec* " +"无法获取动态创建的属性而使得 api 被限制于可见的属性。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2733 +msgid "" +">>> class Something:\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.a = 33\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.Something', autospec=True):\n" +"... thing = Something()\n" +"... thing.a\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: Mock object has no attribute 'a'" +msgstr "" +">>> class Something:\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.a = 33\n" +"...\n" +">>> with patch('__main__.Something', autospec=True):\n" +"... thing = Something()\n" +"... thing.a\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"AttributeError: Mock object has no attribute 'a'" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2745 +msgid "" +"There are a few different ways of resolving this problem. The easiest, but " +"not necessarily the least annoying, way is to simply set the required " +"attributes on the mock after creation. Just because *autospec* doesn't allow" +" you to fetch attributes that don't exist on the spec it doesn't prevent you" +" setting them::" +msgstr "" +"要解决这个问题有几种不同的方式。 最容易但多少有些烦扰的方式是简单地在 mock 创建完成后再设置所需的属性。 Just because " +"*autospec* 只是不允许你获取不存在于 spec 上的属性但并不会阻止你设置它们::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2751 +msgid "" +">>> with patch('__main__.Something', autospec=True):\n" +"... thing = Something()\n" +"... thing.a = 33\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> with patch('__main__.Something', autospec=True):\n" +"... thing = Something()\n" +"... thing.a = 33\n" +"..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2756 +msgid "" +"There is a more aggressive version of both *spec* and *autospec* that *does*" +" prevent you setting non-existent attributes. This is useful if you want to " +"ensure your code only *sets* valid attributes too, but obviously it prevents" +" this particular scenario:" +msgstr "" +"*spec* 和 *autospec* 都有更严格的版本 *确实能* 阻止你设置不存在的属性。 这在你希望确保你的代码只能 *设置* " +"有效的属性时也很有用，但显然它会阻止下面这个特定的应用场景:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2769 +msgid "" +"Probably the best way of solving the problem is to add class attributes as " +"default values for instance members initialised in :meth:`~object.__init__`." +" Note that if you are only setting default attributes in :meth:`!__init__` " +"then providing them via class attributes (shared between instances of " +"course) is faster too. e.g." +msgstr "" +"解决此问题的最好方式可能是添加类属性作为在 :meth:`~object.__init__` 中初始化的实例属性的默认值。 请注意如果你只在. Note" +" that if you are only setting default attributes in :meth:`!__init__` " +"中设置默认属性那么通过类属性来提供它们（当然会在实例之间共享）也将有更快的速度。 例如" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2775 +msgid "" +"class Something:\n" +" a = 33" +msgstr "" +"class Something:\n" +" a = 33" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2780 +msgid "" +"This brings up another issue. It is relatively common to provide a default " +"value of ``None`` for members that will later be an object of a different " +"type. ``None`` would be useless as a spec because it wouldn't let you access" +" *any* attributes or methods on it. As ``None`` is *never* going to be " +"useful as a spec, and probably indicates a member that will normally of some" +" other type, autospec doesn't use a spec for members that are set to " +"``None``. These will just be ordinary mocks (well - MagicMocks):" +msgstr "" +"这带来了另一个问题。 为今后将变为不同类型对象的那些成员提供默认值 ``None`` 是比较常见的做法。 ``None`` 作为 spec " +"是没有用处的，因为它会使你无法访问 *any* 任何属性或方法。 由于 ``None`` 作为 spec 将 *永远不会* " +"有任何用处，并且有可能要指定某个通常为其他类型的成员，因此 autospec 不会为被设为 ``None`` 的成员使用 spec。 它们将为普通的 " +"mock (嗯 —— 应为 MagicMocks):" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2795 +msgid "" +"If modifying your production classes to add defaults isn't to your liking " +"then there are more options. One of these is simply to use an instance as " +"the spec rather than the class. The other is to create a subclass of the " +"production class and add the defaults to the subclass without affecting the " +"production class. Both of these require you to use an alternative object as " +"the spec. Thankfully :func:`patch` supports this - you can simply pass the " +"alternative object as the *autospec* argument::" +msgstr "" +"如果你不喜欢修改你的生产类来添加默认值那么还有其他的选项。 其中之一是简单地使用一个实例而非类作为 spec。 " +"另一选项则是创建一个生产类的子类并向该子类添加默认值而不影响到生产类。 这两个选项都需要你使用一个替代对象作为 spec。 值得庆幸的是 " +":func:`patch` 支持这样做 —— 你可以简单地传入替代对象作为 *autospec* 参数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2803 +msgid "" +">>> class Something:\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.a = 33\n" +"...\n" +">>> class SomethingForTest(Something):\n" +"... a = 33\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = patch('__main__.Something', autospec=SomethingForTest)\n" +">>> mock = p.start()\n" +">>> mock.a\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> class Something:\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.a = 33\n" +"...\n" +">>> class SomethingForTest(Something):\n" +"... a = 33\n" +"...\n" +">>> p = patch('__main__.Something', autospec=SomethingForTest)\n" +">>> mock = p.start()\n" +">>> mock.a\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2816 +msgid "" +"This only applies to classes or already instantiated objects. Calling a " +"mocked class to create a mock instance *does not* create a real instance. It" +" is only attribute lookups - along with calls to :func:`dir` - that are " +"done." +msgstr "" +"这仅适用于类或已实例化的对象。 调用一个被模拟的类来创建一个 mock 实例 *不会* 创建真的实例。 只有属性查找 —— 以及对 " +":func:`dir` 的调用 —— 会被执行。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2821 +msgid "Sealing mocks" +msgstr "将 mock 封包" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2830 +msgid "" +"Seal will disable the automatic creation of mocks when accessing an " +"attribute of the mock being sealed or any of its attributes that are already" +" mocks recursively." +msgstr "封包将在访问被封包的 mock 的属性或其任何已经被递归地模拟的属性时禁止自动创建 mock。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2833 +msgid "" +"If a mock instance with a name or a spec is assigned to an attribute it " +"won't be considered in the sealing chain. This allows one to prevent seal " +"from fixing part of the mock object. ::" +msgstr "" +"如果一个带有名称或 spec 的 mock 实例被分配给一个属性则将不会在封包链中处理它。 这可以防止人们对 mock 对象的固定部分执行封包。 ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2837 +msgid "" +">>> mock = Mock()\n" +">>> mock.submock.attribute1 = 2\n" +">>> mock.not_submock = mock.Mock(name=\"sample_name\")\n" +">>> seal(mock)\n" +">>> mock.new_attribute # This will raise AttributeError.\n" +">>> mock.submock.attribute2 # This will raise AttributeError.\n" +">>> mock.not_submock.attribute2 # This won't raise." +msgstr "" +">>> mock = Mock()\n" +">>> mock.submock.attribute1 = 2\n" +">>> mock.not_submock = mock.Mock(name=\"sample_name\")\n" +">>> seal(mock)\n" +">>> mock.new_attribute # 这将引发 AttributeError。\n" +">>> mock.submock.attribute2 # 这将引发 AttributeError。\n" +">>> mock.not_submock.attribute2 # 这不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2849 +msgid "" +"Order of precedence of :attr:`!side_effect`, :attr:`!return_value` and " +"*wraps*" +msgstr ":attr:`!side_effect`, :attr:`!return_value` 和 *wraps* 的优先顺序" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2851 +msgid "The order of their precedence is:" +msgstr "它们的优先顺序是：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2853 +msgid ":attr:`~Mock.side_effect`" +msgstr ":attr:`~Mock.side_effect`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2854 +msgid ":attr:`~Mock.return_value`" +msgstr ":attr:`~Mock.return_value`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2855 +msgid "*wraps*" +msgstr "*wraps*" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2857 +msgid "" +"If all three are set, mock will return the value from " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect`, ignoring :attr:`~Mock.return_value` and the " +"wrapped object altogether. If any two are set, the one with the higher " +"precedence will return the value. Regardless of the order of which was set " +"first, the order of precedence remains unchanged." +msgstr "" +"如果三个均已设置，模拟对象将返回来自 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 的值，完全忽略 " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value` 和被包装的对象。 如果设置任意两个，则具有更高优先级的那个将返回值。 " +"无论设置的顺序是哪个在前，优先级顺序将保持不变。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2875 +msgid "" +"As ``None`` is the default value of :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`, if you " +"reassign its value back to ``None``, the order of precedence will be checked" +" between :attr:`~Mock.return_value` and the wrapped object, ignoring " +":attr:`~Mock.side_effect`." +msgstr "" +"由于 ``None`` 是 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 的默认值，如果你将其值重新赋为 ``None``，则优先级顺序将在 " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value` 和被包装的对象之间进行检查，并忽略 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2884 +msgid "" +"If the value being returned by :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` is :data:`DEFAULT`," +" it is ignored and the order of precedence moves to the successor to obtain " +"the value to return." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 所返回的值为 " +":data:`DEFAULT`，它将被忽略并且优先级顺序将移至后继者来获取要返回的值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2893 +msgid "" +"When :class:`Mock` wraps an object, the default value of " +":attr:`~Mock.return_value` will be :data:`DEFAULT`." +msgstr "" +"当 :class:`Mock` 包装一个对象时，:attr:`~Mock.return_value` 的默认值将为 :data:`DEFAULT`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2902 +msgid "" +"The order of precedence will ignore this value and it will move to the last " +"successor which is the wrapped object." +msgstr "优先级顺序将忽略该值并且它将移至末尾的后继者即被包装的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2905 +msgid "" +"As the real call is being made to the wrapped object, creating an instance " +"of this mock will return the real instance of the class. The positional " +"arguments, if any, required by the wrapped object must be passed." +msgstr "由于真正调用的是被包装的对象，创建该模拟对象的实例将返回真正的该类实例。 被包装的对象所需要的任何位置参数都必须被传入。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2923 +msgid "" +"But if you assign ``None`` to it, this will not be ignored as it is an " +"explicit assignment. So, the order of precedence will not move to the " +"wrapped object." +msgstr "但是如果你将其赋值为 ``None``，由于它是一个显式赋值所以不会被忽略。 因此，优先级顺序将不会移至被包装的对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2931 +msgid "" +"Even if you set all three at once when initializing the mock, the order of " +"precedence remains the same:" +msgstr "即使你在初始化模拟对象时立即立即全部设置这三者，优先级顺序仍会保持原样：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.mock.rst:2948 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` is exhausted, the order of precedence will not " +"cause a value to be obtained from the successors. Instead, ``StopIteration``" +" exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`~Mock.side_effect` 已耗尽，优先级顺序将不会导致从后续者获取值。 而是会引发 ``StopIteration`` " +"异常。" diff --git a/library/unittest.po b/library/unittest.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fe63727e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/unittest.po @@ -0,0 +1,4185 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# Claude Manchester , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# KaMingChung , 2021 +# dogn he , 2021 +# Jack Wu , 2021 +# Jann , 2021 +# ChenYuan , 2021 +# Makdon , 2021 +# Xiao Xu , 2021 +# helloworldSB , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# Justin Chu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!unittest` --- Unit testing framework" +msgstr ":mod:`!unittest` --- 单元测试框架" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/unittest/__init__.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/unittest/__init__.py`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:16 +msgid "" +"(If you are already familiar with the basic concepts of testing, you might " +"want to skip to :ref:`the list of assert methods `.)" +msgstr "（如果你已经对测试的概念比较熟悉了，你可能想直接跳转到这一部分 :ref:`断言方法`。）" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` unit testing framework was originally inspired by JUnit " +"and has a similar flavor as major unit testing frameworks in other " +"languages. It supports test automation, sharing of setup and shutdown code " +"for tests, aggregation of tests into collections, and independence of the " +"tests from the reporting framework." +msgstr "" +":mod:`unittest` 单元测试框架是受到 JUnit " +"的启发，与其他语言中的主流单元测试框架有着相似的风格。其支持测试自动化，配置共享和关机代码测试。支持将测试样例聚合到测试集中，并将测试与报告框架独立。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:25 +msgid "" +"To achieve this, :mod:`unittest` supports some important concepts in an " +"object-oriented way:" +msgstr "为了实现这些，:mod:`unittest` 通过面向对象的方式支持了一些重要的概念。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:28 +msgid "test fixture" +msgstr "测试脚手架" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:29 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`test fixture` represents the preparation needed to perform one or " +"more tests, and any associated cleanup actions. This may involve, for " +"example, creating temporary or proxy databases, directories, or starting a " +"server process." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`test fixture` " +"表示为了开展一项或多项测试所需要进行的准备工作，以及所有相关的清理操作。举个例子，这可能包含创建临时或代理的数据库、目录，再或者启动一个服务器进程。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:34 +msgid "test case" +msgstr "测试用例" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:35 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`test case` is the individual unit of testing. It checks for a " +"specific response to a particular set of inputs. :mod:`unittest` provides a" +" base class, :class:`TestCase`, which may be used to create new test cases." +msgstr "" +"一个测试用例是一个独立的测试单元。它检查输入特定的数据时的响应。 :mod:`unittest` 提供一个基类： :class:`TestCase` " +"，用于新建测试用例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:39 +msgid "test suite" +msgstr "测试套件" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:40 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`test suite` is a collection of test cases, test suites, or both. It" +" is used to aggregate tests that should be executed together." +msgstr ":dfn:`test suite` 是一系列的测试用例，或测试套件，或两者皆有。它用于归档需要一起执行的测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:43 +msgid "test runner" +msgstr "测试运行器（test runner）" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:44 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`test runner` is a component which orchestrates the execution of " +"tests and provides the outcome to the user. The runner may use a graphical " +"interface, a textual interface, or return a special value to indicate the " +"results of executing the tests." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`test runner` 是一个用于执行和输出测试结果的组件。这个运行器可能使用图形接口、文本接口，或返回一个特定的值表示运行测试的结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:52 +msgid "Module :mod:`doctest`" +msgstr ":mod:`doctest` --- 文档测试模块" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:53 +msgid "Another test-support module with a very different flavor." +msgstr "另一个风格完全不同的测试模块。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:55 +msgid "" +"`Simple Smalltalk Testing: With Patterns " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`简单 Smalltalk 测试：便用模式 " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Kent Beck's original paper on testing frameworks using the pattern shared by" +" :mod:`unittest`." +msgstr "Kent Beck 有关使用 :mod:`unittest` 所共享的模式的测试框架的原创论文。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:59 +msgid "`pytest `_" +msgstr "`pytest `_" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Third-party unittest framework with a lighter-weight syntax for writing " +"tests. For example, ``assert func(10) == 42``." +msgstr "第三方单元测试框架，提供轻量化的语法来编写测试，例如：``assert func(10) == 42``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:63 +msgid "" +"`The Python Testing Tools Taxonomy " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`Python 测试工具分类 `_" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:64 +msgid "" +"An extensive list of Python testing tools including functional testing " +"frameworks and mock object libraries." +msgstr "一个 Python 测试工具的详细列表，包含测试框架和模拟对象库。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:67 +msgid "" +"`Testing in Python Mailing List `_" +msgstr "Python 中的测试 邮件列表" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:68 +msgid "" +"A special-interest-group for discussion of testing, and testing tools, in " +"Python." +msgstr "一个讨论 Python 中的测试和测试工具的特别兴趣小组。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The script :file:`Tools/unittestgui/unittestgui.py` in the Python source " +"distribution is a GUI tool for test discovery and execution. This is " +"intended largely for ease of use for those new to unit testing. For " +"production environments it is recommended that tests be driven by a " +"continuous integration system such as `Buildbot `_, " +"`Jenkins `_, `GitHub Actions " +"`_, or `AppVeyor " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"Python 源代码分发包中的脚本 :file:`Tools/unittestgui/unittestgui.py` 是一个用于发现和执行测试的 GUI" +" 工具。 这主要是为了方便单元测试的新手使用。 在生产环境中推荐通过持续集成系统如 `Buildbot " +"`_, `Jenkins `_, `GitHub " +"Actions `_ 或 `AppVeyor " +"`_ 来驱动测试过程。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:83 +msgid "Basic example" +msgstr "基本实例" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:85 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` module provides a rich set of tools for constructing and" +" running tests. This section demonstrates that a small subset of the tools " +"suffice to meet the needs of most users." +msgstr ":mod:`unittest` 模块提供了一系列创建和运行测试的工具。这一段落演示了这些工具的一小部分，但也足以满足大部分用户的需求。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:89 +msgid "Here is a short script to test three string methods::" +msgstr "这是一段简短的代码，来测试三种字符串方法::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:91 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_upper(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')\n" +"\n" +" def test_isupper(self):\n" +" self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())\n" +" self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())\n" +"\n" +" def test_split(self):\n" +" s = 'hello world'\n" +" self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])\n" +" # check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string\n" +" with self.assertRaises(TypeError):\n" +" s.split(2)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main()" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_upper(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')\n" +"\n" +" def test_isupper(self):\n" +" self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())\n" +" self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())\n" +"\n" +" def test_split(self):\n" +" s = 'hello world'\n" +" self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])\n" +" # 检查当分隔符不为字符串时 s.split 是否失败\n" +" with self.assertRaises(TypeError):\n" +" s.split(2)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:113 +msgid "" +"A testcase is created by subclassing :class:`unittest.TestCase`. The three " +"individual tests are defined with methods whose names start with the letters" +" ``test``. This naming convention informs the test runner about which " +"methods represent tests." +msgstr "" +"继承 :class:`unittest.TestCase` 就创建了一个测试样例。上述三个独立的测试是三个类的方法，这些方法的命名都以 ``test``" +" 开头。 这个命名约定告诉测试运行者类的哪些方法表示测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The crux of each test is a call to :meth:`~TestCase.assertEqual` to check " +"for an expected result; :meth:`~TestCase.assertTrue` or " +":meth:`~TestCase.assertFalse` to verify a condition; or " +":meth:`~TestCase.assertRaises` to verify that a specific exception gets " +"raised. These methods are used instead of the :keyword:`assert` statement " +"so the test runner can accumulate all test results and produce a report." +msgstr "" +"每个测试的关键是：调用 :meth:`~TestCase.assertEqual` 来检查预期的输出； 调用 " +":meth:`~TestCase.assertTrue` 或 :meth:`~TestCase.assertFalse` 来验证一个条件；调用 " +":meth:`~TestCase.assertRaises` 来验证抛出了一个特定的异常。使用这些方法而不是 :keyword:`assert` " +"语句是为了让测试运行者能聚合所有的测试结果并产生结果报告。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:125 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` and :meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` methods allow you" +" to define instructions that will be executed before and after each test " +"method. They are covered in more detail in the section :ref:`organizing-" +"tests`." +msgstr "" +"通过 :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` 和 :meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` " +"方法，可以设置测试开始前与完成后需要执行的指令。 在 :ref:`organizing-tests` 中，对此有更为详细的描述。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The final block shows a simple way to run the tests. :func:`unittest.main` " +"provides a command-line interface to the test script. When run from the " +"command line, the above script produces an output that looks like this::" +msgstr "" +"最后的代码块中，演示了运行测试的一个简单的方法。 :func:`unittest.main` " +"提供了一个测试脚本的命令行接口。当在命令行运行该测试脚本，上文的脚本生成如以下格式的输出::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:133 +msgid "" +"...\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 3 tests in 0.000s\n" +"\n" +"OK" +msgstr "" +"...\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 3 tests in 0.000s\n" +"\n" +"OK" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Passing the ``-v`` option to your test script will instruct " +":func:`unittest.main` to enable a higher level of verbosity, and produce the" +" following output::" +msgstr "在调用测试脚本时添加 ``-v`` 参数使 :func:`unittest.main` 显示更为详细的信息，生成如以下形式的输出::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:142 +msgid "" +"test_isupper (__main__.TestStringMethods.test_isupper) ... ok\n" +"test_split (__main__.TestStringMethods.test_split) ... ok\n" +"test_upper (__main__.TestStringMethods.test_upper) ... ok\n" +"\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 3 tests in 0.001s\n" +"\n" +"OK" +msgstr "" +"test_isupper (__main__.TestStringMethods.test_isupper) ... ok\n" +"test_split (__main__.TestStringMethods.test_split) ... ok\n" +"test_upper (__main__.TestStringMethods.test_upper) ... ok\n" +"\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 3 tests in 0.001s\n" +"\n" +"OK" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:151 +msgid "" +"The above examples show the most commonly used :mod:`unittest` features " +"which are sufficient to meet many everyday testing needs. The remainder of " +"the documentation explores the full feature set from first principles." +msgstr "以上例子演示了 :mod:`unittest` 中最常用的、足够满足许多日常测试需求的特性。文档的剩余部分详述该框架的完整特性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:155 +msgid "" +"The behavior of returning a value from a test method (other than the default" +" ``None`` value), is now deprecated." +msgstr "从测试方法返回一个值（而非返回默认的 ``None`` 值）现在已被弃用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:163 +msgid "Command-Line Interface" +msgstr "命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The unittest module can be used from the command line to run tests from " +"modules, classes or even individual test methods::" +msgstr "unittest 模块可以通过命令行运行模块、类和独立测试方法的测试::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:168 +msgid "" +"python -m unittest test_module1 test_module2\n" +"python -m unittest test_module.TestClass\n" +"python -m unittest test_module.TestClass.test_method" +msgstr "" +"python -m unittest test_module1 test_module2\n" +"python -m unittest test_module.TestClass\n" +"python -m unittest test_module.TestClass.test_method" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:172 +msgid "" +"You can pass in a list with any combination of module names, and fully " +"qualified class or method names." +msgstr "你可以传入模块名、类或方法名或他们的任意组合。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:175 +msgid "Test modules can be specified by file path as well::" +msgstr "同样的，测试模块可以通过文件路径指定::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:177 +msgid "python -m unittest tests/test_something.py" +msgstr "python -m unittest tests/test_something.py" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:179 +msgid "" +"This allows you to use the shell filename completion to specify the test " +"module. The file specified must still be importable as a module. The path is" +" converted to a module name by removing the '.py' and converting path " +"separators into '.'. If you want to execute a test file that isn't " +"importable as a module you should execute the file directly instead." +msgstr "" +"这样就可以使用 shell 的文件名补全指定测试模块。所指定的文件仍需要可以被作为模块导入。路径通过去除 '.py' 、把分隔符转换为 '.' " +"转换为模块名。若你需要执行不能被作为模块导入的测试文件，你需要直接执行该测试文件。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:185 +msgid "" +"You can run tests with more detail (higher verbosity) by passing in the -v " +"flag::" +msgstr "在运行测试时，你可以通过添加 -v 参数获取更详细（更多的冗余）的信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:187 +msgid "python -m unittest -v test_module" +msgstr "python -m unittest -v test_module" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:189 +msgid "" +"When executed without arguments :ref:`unittest-test-discovery` is started::" +msgstr "当运行时不包含参数，开始 :ref:`unittest-test-discovery` ::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:191 +msgid "python -m unittest" +msgstr "python -m unittest" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:193 +msgid "For a list of all the command-line options::" +msgstr "用于获取命令行选项列表：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:195 +msgid "python -m unittest -h" +msgstr "python -m unittest -h" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:197 +msgid "" +"In earlier versions it was only possible to run individual test methods and " +"not modules or classes." +msgstr "在早期版本中，只支持运行独立的测试方法，而不支持模块和类。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:203 +msgid "Command-line options" +msgstr "命令行选项" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:205 +msgid ":program:`unittest` supports these command-line options:" +msgstr " :program:`unittest` 支持以下命令行选项：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:211 +msgid "" +"The standard output and standard error streams are buffered during the test " +"run. Output during a passing test is discarded. Output is echoed normally on" +" test fail or error and is added to the failure messages." +msgstr "" +"在测试运行时，标准输出流与标准错误流会被放入缓冲区。成功的测试的运行时输出会被丢弃；测试不通过时，测试运行中的输出会正常显示，错误会被加入到测试失败信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:217 +msgid "" +":kbd:`Control-C` during the test run waits for the current test to end and " +"then reports all the results so far. A second :kbd:`Control-C` raises the " +"normal :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception." +msgstr "" +"当测试正在运行时， :kbd:`Control-C` 会等待当前测试完成，并在完成后报告已执行的测试的结果。当再次按下 :kbd:`Control-C`" +" 时，引发平常的 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:221 +msgid "" +"See `Signal Handling`_ for the functions that provide this functionality." +msgstr " `Signal Handling`_ 中详述了提供此功能的函数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:225 +msgid "Stop the test run on the first error or failure." +msgstr "当出现第一个错误或者失败时，停止运行测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Only run test methods and classes that match the pattern or substring. This " +"option may be used multiple times, in which case all test cases that match " +"any of the given patterns are included." +msgstr "只运行匹配模式或子字符串的测试方法和类。 此选项可以被多次使用，在此情况下将会包括匹配任何给定模式的所有测试用例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Patterns that contain a wildcard character (``*``) are matched against the " +"test name using :meth:`fnmatch.fnmatchcase`; otherwise simple case-sensitive" +" substring matching is used." +msgstr "包含通配符（*）的模式使用 :meth:`fnmatch.fnmatchcase` 对测试名称进行匹配。另外，该匹配是大小写敏感的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Patterns are matched against the fully qualified test method name as " +"imported by the test loader." +msgstr "模式对测试加载器导入的测试方法全名进行匹配。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:240 +msgid "" +"For example, ``-k foo`` matches ``foo_tests.SomeTest.test_something``, " +"``bar_tests.SomeTest.test_foo``, but not " +"``bar_tests.FooTest.test_something``." +msgstr "" +"例如，``-k foo`` 可以匹配到 ``foo_tests.SomeTest.test_something`` 和 " +"``bar_tests.SomeTest.test_foo`` ，但是不能匹配到 " +"``bar_tests.FooTest.test_something`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:245 +msgid "Show local variables in tracebacks." +msgstr "在回溯中显示局部变量。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:249 +msgid "Show the N slowest test cases (N=0 for all)." +msgstr "显示 N 个最慢的测试用例 (N=0 表示全部)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:251 +msgid "The command-line options ``-b``, ``-c`` and ``-f`` were added." +msgstr "添加命令行选项 ``-b``, ``-c`` 和 ``-f`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:254 +msgid "The command-line option ``--locals``." +msgstr "命令行选项 ``--locals`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:257 +msgid "The command-line option ``-k``." +msgstr "命令行选项 ``-k`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:260 +msgid "The command-line option ``--durations``." +msgstr "命令行选项 ``--durations``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The command line can also be used for test discovery, for running all of the" +" tests in a project or just a subset." +msgstr "命令行亦可用于探索性测试，以运行一个项目的所有测试或其子集。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:269 +msgid "Test Discovery" +msgstr "探索性测试" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Unittest supports simple test discovery. In order to be compatible with test" +" discovery, all of the test files must be :ref:`modules ` or " +":ref:`packages ` importable from the top-level directory of " +"the project (this means that their filenames must be valid :ref:`identifiers" +" `)." +msgstr "" +"unittest 支持简单的测试发现。 为了与测试发现兼容，所有测试文件都必须是可从项目的最高层级目录导入的 :ref:`模块 ` 或 :ref:`包 ` (这意味着它们的文件名必须是有效的 :ref:`标识符 " +"`)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Test discovery is implemented in :meth:`TestLoader.discover`, but can also " +"be used from the command line. The basic command-line usage is::" +msgstr "探索性测试在 :meth:`TestLoader.discover` 中实现，但也可以通过命令行使用。它在命令行中的基本用法如下：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:282 +msgid "" +"cd project_directory\n" +"python -m unittest discover" +msgstr "" +"cd project_directory\n" +"python -m unittest discover" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:287 +msgid "" +"As a shortcut, ``python -m unittest`` is the equivalent of ``python -m " +"unittest discover``. If you want to pass arguments to test discovery the " +"``discover`` sub-command must be used explicitly." +msgstr "" +"方便起见， ``python -m unittest`` 与 ``python -m unittest discover`` " +"等价。如果你需要向探索性测试传入参数，必须显式地使用 ``discover`` 子命令。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:291 +msgid "The ``discover`` sub-command has the following options:" +msgstr "``discover`` 有以下选项：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:297 +msgid "Verbose output" +msgstr "更详细地输出结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:301 +msgid "Directory to start discovery (``.`` default)" +msgstr "开始进行搜索的目录(默认值为当前目录 ``.`` )。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:305 +msgid "Pattern to match test files (``test*.py`` default)" +msgstr "用于匹配测试文件的模式（默认为 ``test*.py`` ）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:309 +msgid "Top level directory of project (defaults to start directory)" +msgstr "指定项目的最上层目录（通常为开始时所在目录）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:311 +msgid "" +"The :option:`-s`, :option:`-p`, and :option:`-t` options can be passed in as" +" positional arguments in that order. The following two command lines are " +"equivalent::" +msgstr ":option:`-s` ，:option:`-p` 和 :option:`-t` 选项可以按顺序作为位置参数传入。以下两条命令是等价的：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:315 +msgid "" +"python -m unittest discover -s project_directory -p \"*_test.py\"\n" +"python -m unittest discover project_directory \"*_test.py\"" +msgstr "" +"python -m unittest discover -s project_directory -p \"*_test.py\"\n" +"python -m unittest discover project_directory \"*_test.py\"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:318 +msgid "" +"As well as being a path it is possible to pass a package name, for example " +"``myproject.subpackage.test``, as the start directory. The package name you " +"supply will then be imported and its location on the filesystem will be used" +" as the start directory." +msgstr "" +"正如可以传入路径那样，传入一个包名作为起始目录也是可行的，如 ``myproject.subpackage.test`` " +"。你提供的包名会被导入，它在文件系统中的位置会被作为起始目录。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Test discovery loads tests by importing them. Once test discovery has found " +"all the test files from the start directory you specify it turns the paths " +"into package names to import. For example :file:`foo/bar/baz.py` will be " +"imported as ``foo.bar.baz``." +msgstr "" +"探索性测试通过导入测试对测试进行加载。在找到所有你指定的开始目录下的所有测试文件后，它把路径转换为包名并进行导入。如 " +":file:`foo/bar/baz.py` 会被导入为 ``foo.bar.baz`` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:330 +msgid "" +"If you have a package installed globally and attempt test discovery on a " +"different copy of the package then the import *could* happen from the wrong " +"place. If this happens test discovery will warn you and exit." +msgstr "如果你有一个全局安装的包，并尝试对这个包的副本进行探索性测试，可能会从错误的地方开始导入。如果出现这种情况，测试会输出警告并退出。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:334 +msgid "" +"If you supply the start directory as a package name rather than a path to a " +"directory then discover assumes that whichever location it imports from is " +"the location you intended, so you will not get the warning." +msgstr "如果你使用包名而不是路径作为开始目录，搜索时会假定它导入的是你想要的目录，所以你不会收到警告。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Test modules and packages can customize test loading and discovery by " +"through the `load_tests protocol`_." +msgstr "测试模块和包可以通过 `load_tests protocol`_ 自定义测试的加载和搜索。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Test discovery supports :term:`namespace packages ` for " +"the start directory. Note that you need to specify the top level directory " +"too (e.g. ``python -m unittest discover -s root/namespace -t root``)." +msgstr "" +"测试发现支持初始目录下的 :term:`命名空间包`。注意你也需要指定顶层目录（例如：``python -m " +"unittest discover -s root/namespace -t root``）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:348 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest` dropped the :term:`namespace packages ` " +"support in Python 3.11. It has been broken since Python 3.7. Start directory" +" and subdirectories containing tests must be regular package that have " +"``__init__.py`` file." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.11 中 :mod:`unittest` 丢弃了 :term:`命名空间包 ` 支持。 它自" +" Python 3.7 就已不可用。 包含测试的起始目录和子目录都必须是具有 ``__init__.py`` 文件的常规包。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:354 +msgid "" +"Directories containing start directory still can be a namespace package. In " +"this case, you need to specify start directory as dotted package name, and " +"target directory explicitly. For example::" +msgstr "包含起始目录的目录仍然可以是命名空间包。 在此情况下，你需要以带点号的包名称来显式地指明起始目录和目标目录。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:358 +msgid "" +"# proj/ <-- current directory\n" +"# namespace/\n" +"# mypkg/\n" +"# __init__.py\n" +"# test_mypkg.py\n" +"\n" +"python -m unittest discover -s namespace.mypkg -t ." +msgstr "" +"# proj/ <-- current directory\n" +"# namespace/\n" +"# mypkg/\n" +"# __init__.py\n" +"# test_mypkg.py\n" +"\n" +"python -m unittest discover -s namespace.mypkg -t ." + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:370 +msgid "Organizing test code" +msgstr "组织你的测试代码" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:372 +msgid "" +"The basic building blocks of unit testing are :dfn:`test cases` --- single " +"scenarios that must be set up and checked for correctness. In " +":mod:`unittest`, test cases are represented by :class:`unittest.TestCase` " +"instances. To make your own test cases you must write subclasses of " +":class:`TestCase` or use :class:`FunctionTestCase`." +msgstr "" +"单元测试的构建单位是 :dfn:`test cases` ：独立的、包含执行条件与正确性检查的方案。在 :mod:`unittest` " +"中，测试用例表示为 :class:`unittest.TestCase` 的实例。通过编写 :class:`TestCase` 的子类或使用 " +":class:`FunctionTestCase` 编写你自己的测试用例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:378 +msgid "" +"The testing code of a :class:`TestCase` instance should be entirely self " +"contained, such that it can be run either in isolation or in arbitrary " +"combination with any number of other test cases." +msgstr "一个 :class:`TestCase` 实例的测试代码必须是完全自含的，因此它可以独立运行，或与其它任意组合任意数量的测试用例一起运行。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:382 +msgid "" +"The simplest :class:`TestCase` subclass will simply implement a test method " +"(i.e. a method whose name starts with ``test``) in order to perform specific" +" testing code::" +msgstr "" +":class:`TestCase` 的最简单的子类需要实现一个测试方法（例如一个命名以 ``test`` 开头的方法）以执行特定的测试代码：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:386 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class DefaultWidgetSizeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test_default_widget_size(self):\n" +" widget = Widget('The widget')\n" +" self.assertEqual(widget.size(), (50, 50))" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class DefaultWidgetSizeTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test_default_widget_size(self):\n" +" widget = Widget('The widget')\n" +" self.assertEqual(widget.size(), (50, 50))" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:393 +msgid "" +"Note that in order to test something, we use one of the :ref:`assert\\* " +"methods ` provided by the :class:`TestCase` base class. If " +"the test fails, an exception will be raised with an explanatory message, and" +" :mod:`unittest` will identify the test case as a :dfn:`failure`. Any other" +" exceptions will be treated as :dfn:`errors`." +msgstr "" +"请注意为了进行测试，我们使用了 :class:`TestCase` 基类提供的某个 :ref:`assert\\* 方法 `。 如果测试不通过，将会引发一个异常并附带解释性的消息，并且 :mod:`unittest` 会将这个测试用例标记为 " +":dfn:`failure`。 任何其它异常都将被视为 :dfn:`errors`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Tests can be numerous, and their set-up can be repetitive. Luckily, we can " +"factor out set-up code by implementing a method called " +":meth:`~TestCase.setUp`, which the testing framework will automatically call" +" for every single test we run::" +msgstr "" +"可能同时存在多个前置操作相同的测试，我们可以把测试的前置操作从测试代码中拆解出来，并实现测试前置方法 :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` " +"。在运行测试时，测试框架会自动地为每个单独测试调用前置方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:404 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class WidgetTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" self.widget = Widget('The widget')\n" +"\n" +" def test_default_widget_size(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual(self.widget.size(), (50,50),\n" +" 'incorrect default size')\n" +"\n" +" def test_widget_resize(self):\n" +" self.widget.resize(100,150)\n" +" self.assertEqual(self.widget.size(), (100,150),\n" +" 'wrong size after resize')" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class WidgetTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" self.widget = Widget('The widget')\n" +"\n" +" def test_default_widget_size(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual(self.widget.size(), (50,50),\n" +" 'incorrect default size')\n" +"\n" +" def test_widget_resize(self):\n" +" self.widget.resize(100,150)\n" +" self.assertEqual(self.widget.size(), (100,150),\n" +" 'wrong size after resize')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:420 +msgid "" +"The order in which the various tests will be run is determined by sorting " +"the test method names with respect to the built-in ordering for strings." +msgstr "多个测试运行的顺序由内置字符串排序方法对测试名进行排序的结果决定。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:424 +msgid "" +"If the :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` method raises an exception while the test is " +"running, the framework will consider the test to have suffered an error, and" +" the test method will not be executed." +msgstr "在测试运行时，若 :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` 方法引发异常，测试框架会认为测试发生了错误，因此测试方法不会被运行。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:428 +msgid "" +"Similarly, we can provide a :meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` method that tidies up" +" after the test method has been run::" +msgstr "相似的，我们提供了一个 :meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` 方法在测试方法运行后进行清理工作。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:431 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class WidgetTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" self.widget = Widget('The widget')\n" +"\n" +" def tearDown(self):\n" +" self.widget.dispose()" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class WidgetTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" self.widget = Widget('The widget')\n" +"\n" +" def tearDown(self):\n" +" self.widget.dispose()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:440 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` succeeded, :meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` will be run" +" whether the test method succeeded or not." +msgstr "" +"若 :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` 成功运行，无论测试方法是否成功，都会运行 :meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` 。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:443 +msgid "" +"Such a working environment for the testing code is called a :dfn:`test " +"fixture`. A new TestCase instance is created as a unique test fixture used " +"to execute each individual test method. Thus :meth:`~TestCase.setUp`, " +":meth:`~TestCase.tearDown`, and :meth:`~TestCase.__init__` will be called " +"once per test." +msgstr "" +"这样的一个测试代码运行的环境被称为 :dfn:`test fixture` 。一个新的 TestCase " +"实例作为一个测试脚手架，用于运行各个独立的测试方法。在运行每个测试时，:meth:`~TestCase.setUp` " +"、:meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` 和 :meth:`~TestCase.__init__` 会被调用一次。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:449 +msgid "" +"It is recommended that you use TestCase implementations to group tests " +"together according to the features they test. :mod:`unittest` provides a " +"mechanism for this: the :dfn:`test suite`, represented by :mod:`unittest`'s " +":class:`TestSuite` class. In most cases, calling :func:`unittest.main` will" +" do the right thing and collect all the module's test cases for you and " +"execute them." +msgstr "" +"推荐你根据用例所测试的功能将测试用 TestCase 分组。:mod:`unittest` 为此提供了 :dfn:`test " +"suite`：:mod:`unittest` 的 :class:`TestSuite` 类是一个代表。通常情况下，调用 " +":func:`unittest.main` 就能正确地找到并执行这个模块下所有用 TestCase 分组的测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:456 +msgid "" +"However, should you want to customize the building of your test suite, you " +"can do it yourself::" +msgstr "然而，如果你需要自定义你的测试套件的话，你可以参考以下方法组织你的测试：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:459 +msgid "" +"def suite():\n" +" suite = unittest.TestSuite()\n" +" suite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_default_widget_size'))\n" +" suite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_widget_resize'))\n" +" return suite\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()\n" +" runner.run(suite())" +msgstr "" +"def suite():\n" +" suite = unittest.TestSuite()\n" +" suite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_default_widget_size'))\n" +" suite.addTest(WidgetTestCase('test_widget_resize'))\n" +" return suite\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()\n" +" runner.run(suite())" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:469 +msgid "" +"You can place the definitions of test cases and test suites in the same " +"modules as the code they are to test (such as :file:`widget.py`), but there " +"are several advantages to placing the test code in a separate module, such " +"as :file:`test_widget.py`:" +msgstr "" +"你可以把测试用例和测试套件放在与被测试代码相同的模块中（比如 :file:`widget.py`），但将测试代码放在单独的模块中（比如 " +":file:`test_widget.py`）有几个优势。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:474 +msgid "The test module can be run standalone from the command line." +msgstr "测试模块可以从命令行被独立调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:476 +msgid "The test code can more easily be separated from shipped code." +msgstr "更容易在分发的代码中剥离测试代码。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:478 +msgid "" +"There is less temptation to change test code to fit the code it tests " +"without a good reason." +msgstr "降低没有好理由的情况下修改测试代码以通过测试的诱惑。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:481 +msgid "" +"Test code should be modified much less frequently than the code it tests." +msgstr "测试代码应比被测试代码更少地被修改。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:483 +msgid "Tested code can be refactored more easily." +msgstr "被测试代码可以更容易地被重构。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:485 +msgid "" +"Tests for modules written in C must be in separate modules anyway, so why " +"not be consistent?" +msgstr "对用 C 语言写成的模块无论如何都得单独写成一个模块，为什么不保持一致呢？" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:488 +msgid "" +"If the testing strategy changes, there is no need to change the source code." +msgstr "如果测试策略发生了改变，没有必要修改源代码。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:494 +msgid "Re-using old test code" +msgstr "复用已有的测试代码" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Some users will find that they have existing test code that they would like " +"to run from :mod:`unittest`, without converting every old test function to a" +" :class:`TestCase` subclass." +msgstr "" +"一些用户希望直接使用 :mod:`unittest` 运行已有的测试代码，而不需要把已有的每个测试函数转化为一个 :class:`TestCase` " +"的子类。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:500 +msgid "" +"For this reason, :mod:`unittest` provides a :class:`FunctionTestCase` class." +" This subclass of :class:`TestCase` can be used to wrap an existing test " +"function. Set-up and tear-down functions can also be provided." +msgstr "" +"因此， :mod:`unittest` 提供 :class:`FunctionTestCase` 类。这个 :class:`TestCase` " +"的子类可用于打包已有的测试函数，并支持设置前置与后置函数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:504 +msgid "Given the following test function::" +msgstr "假定有一个测试函数：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:506 +msgid "" +"def testSomething():\n" +" something = makeSomething()\n" +" assert something.name is not None\n" +" # ..." +msgstr "" +"def testSomething():\n" +" something = makeSomething()\n" +" assert something.name is not None\n" +" # ..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:511 +msgid "" +"one can create an equivalent test case instance as follows, with optional " +"set-up and tear-down methods::" +msgstr "可以创建等价的测试用例如下，其中前置和后置方法是可选的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:514 +msgid "" +"testcase = unittest.FunctionTestCase(testSomething,\n" +" setUp=makeSomethingDB,\n" +" tearDown=deleteSomethingDB)" +msgstr "" +"testcase = unittest.FunctionTestCase(testSomething,\n" +" setUp=makeSomethingDB,\n" +" tearDown=deleteSomethingDB)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:520 +msgid "" +"Even though :class:`FunctionTestCase` can be used to quickly convert an " +"existing test base over to a :mod:`unittest`\\ -based system, this approach " +"is not recommended. Taking the time to set up proper :class:`TestCase` " +"subclasses will make future test refactorings infinitely easier." +msgstr "" +"用 :class:`FunctionTestCase` 可以快速将现有的测试转换成基于 :mod:`unittest` " +"的测试，但不推荐你这样做。花点时间继承 :class:`TestCase` 会让以后重构测试无比轻松。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:525 +msgid "" +"In some cases, the existing tests may have been written using the " +":mod:`doctest` module. If so, :mod:`doctest` provides a " +":class:`DocTestSuite` class that can automatically build " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite` instances from the existing :mod:`doctest`\\ " +"-based tests." +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下，现有的测试可能是用 :mod:`doctest` 模块编写的。 如果是这样， :mod:`doctest` 提供了一个 " +":class:`DocTestSuite` 类，可以从现有基于 :mod:`doctest` 的测试中自动构建 " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite` 用例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:534 +msgid "Skipping tests and expected failures" +msgstr "跳过测试与预计的失败" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Unittest supports skipping individual test methods and even whole classes of" +" tests. In addition, it supports marking a test as an \"expected failure,\"" +" a test that is broken and will fail, but shouldn't be counted as a failure " +"on a :class:`TestResult`." +msgstr "" +"Unittest 支持跳过单个或整组的测试用例。它还支持把测试标注成“预期失败”的测试。这些坏测试会失败，但不会算进 " +":class:`TestResult` 的失败里。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Skipping a test is simply a matter of using the :func:`skip` " +":term:`decorator` or one of its conditional variants, calling " +":meth:`TestCase.skipTest` within a :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` or test method, " +"or raising :exc:`SkipTest` directly." +msgstr "" +"要跳过测试只需使用 :func:`skip` :term:`decorator` 或其附带条件的版本，在 :meth:`~TestCase.setUp`" +" 内部使用 :meth:`TestCase.skipTest`，或是直接引发 :exc:`SkipTest`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:547 +msgid "Basic skipping looks like this::" +msgstr "跳过测试的基本用法如下::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:549 +msgid "" +"class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skip(\"demonstrating skipping\")\n" +" def test_nothing(self):\n" +" self.fail(\"shouldn't happen\")\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skipIf(mylib.__version__ < (1, 3),\n" +" \"not supported in this library version\")\n" +" def test_format(self):\n" +" # Tests that work for only a certain version of the library.\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith(\"win\"), \"requires Windows\")\n" +" def test_windows_support(self):\n" +" # windows specific testing code\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" def test_maybe_skipped(self):\n" +" if not external_resource_available():\n" +" self.skipTest(\"external resource not available\")\n" +" # test code that depends on the external resource\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skip(\"demonstrating skipping\")\n" +" def test_nothing(self):\n" +" self.fail(\"shouldn't happen\")\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skipIf(mylib.__version__ < (1, 3),\n" +" \"not supported in this library version\")\n" +" def test_format(self):\n" +" # 测试其是否仅适用于特定的库版本。\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith(\"win\"), \"requires Windows\")\n" +" def test_windows_support(self):\n" +" # Windows 专属的测试代码\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" def test_maybe_skipped(self):\n" +" if not external_resource_available():\n" +" self.skipTest(\"external resource not available\")\n" +" # 依赖于外部资源的测试代码\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:572 +msgid "This is the output of running the example above in verbose mode::" +msgstr "在啰嗦模式下运行以上测试例子时，程序输出如下：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:574 +msgid "" +"test_format (__main__.MyTestCase.test_format) ... skipped 'not supported in this library version'\n" +"test_nothing (__main__.MyTestCase.test_nothing) ... skipped 'demonstrating skipping'\n" +"test_maybe_skipped (__main__.MyTestCase.test_maybe_skipped) ... skipped 'external resource not available'\n" +"test_windows_support (__main__.MyTestCase.test_windows_support) ... skipped 'requires Windows'\n" +"\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 4 tests in 0.005s\n" +"\n" +"OK (skipped=4)" +msgstr "" +"test_format (__main__.MyTestCase.test_format) ... skipped 'not supported in this library version'\n" +"test_nothing (__main__.MyTestCase.test_nothing) ... skipped 'demonstrating skipping'\n" +"test_maybe_skipped (__main__.MyTestCase.test_maybe_skipped) ... skipped 'external resource not available'\n" +"test_windows_support (__main__.MyTestCase.test_windows_support) ... skipped 'requires Windows'\n" +"\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 4 tests in 0.005s\n" +"\n" +"OK (skipped=4)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:584 +msgid "Classes can be skipped just like methods::" +msgstr "跳过测试类的写法跟跳过测试方法的写法相似::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:586 +msgid "" +"@unittest.skip(\"showing class skipping\")\n" +"class MySkippedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test_not_run(self):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"@unittest.skip(\"showing class skipping\")\n" +"class MySkippedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test_not_run(self):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:591 +msgid "" +":meth:`TestCase.setUp` can also skip the test. This is useful when a " +"resource that needs to be set up is not available." +msgstr ":meth:`TestCase.setUp` 也可以跳过测试。可以用于所需资源不可用的情况下跳过接下来的测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:594 +msgid "Expected failures use the :func:`expectedFailure` decorator. ::" +msgstr "使用 :func:`expectedFailure` 装饰器表明这个测试预计失败。::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:596 +msgid "" +"class ExpectedFailureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" @unittest.expectedFailure\n" +" def test_fail(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual(1, 0, \"broken\")" +msgstr "" +"class ExpectedFailureTestCase(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" @unittest.expectedFailure\n" +" def test_fail(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual(1, 0, \"broken\")" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:601 +msgid "" +"It's easy to roll your own skipping decorators by making a decorator that " +"calls :func:`skip` on the test when it wants it to be skipped. This " +"decorator skips the test unless the passed object has a certain attribute::" +msgstr "" +"你可以很容易地编写在测试时调用 :func:`skip` 的装饰器作为自定义的跳过测试装饰器。 " +"下面这个装饰器会跳过测试，除非所传入的对象具有特定的属性::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:605 +msgid "" +"def skipUnlessHasattr(obj, attr):\n" +" if hasattr(obj, attr):\n" +" return lambda func: func\n" +" return unittest.skip(\"{!r} doesn't have {!r}\".format(obj, attr))" +msgstr "" +"def skipUnlessHasattr(obj, attr):\n" +" if hasattr(obj, attr):\n" +" return lambda func: func\n" +" return unittest.skip(\"{!r} doesn't have {!r}\".format(obj, attr))" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:610 +msgid "" +"The following decorators and exception implement test skipping and expected " +"failures:" +msgstr "以下的装饰器和异常实现了跳过测试和预期失败两种功能：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Unconditionally skip the decorated test. *reason* should describe why the " +"test is being skipped." +msgstr "跳过被此装饰器装饰的测试。 *reason* 为测试被跳过的原因。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:619 +msgid "Skip the decorated test if *condition* is true." +msgstr "当 *condition* 为真时，跳过被装饰的测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:623 +msgid "Skip the decorated test unless *condition* is true." +msgstr "跳过被装饰的测试，除非 *condition* 为真。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:627 +msgid "" +"Mark the test as an expected failure or error. If the test fails or errors " +"in the test function itself (rather than in one of the :dfn:`test fixture` " +"methods) then it will be considered a success. If the test passes, it will " +"be considered a failure." +msgstr "" +"将测试标记为预期的失败或错误。 如果测试失败或在测试函数自身（而非在某个 :dfn:`test fixture` 方法）中出现错误则将认为是测试成功。 " +"如果测试通过，则将认为是测试失败。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:634 +msgid "This exception is raised to skip a test." +msgstr "引发此异常以跳过一个测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:636 +msgid "" +"Usually you can use :meth:`TestCase.skipTest` or one of the skipping " +"decorators instead of raising this directly." +msgstr "" +"通常来说，你可以使用 :meth:`TestCase.skipTest` 或其中一个跳过测试的装饰器实现跳过测试的功能，而不是直接引发此异常。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:639 +msgid "" +"Skipped tests will not have :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` or " +":meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` run around them. Skipped classes will not have " +":meth:`~TestCase.setUpClass` or :meth:`~TestCase.tearDownClass` run. Skipped" +" modules will not have :func:`setUpModule` or :func:`tearDownModule` run." +msgstr "" +"被跳过的测试的 :meth:`~TestCase.setUp` 和 :meth:`~TestCase.tearDown` 不会被运行。被跳过的类的 " +":meth:`~TestCase.setUpClass` 和 :meth:`~TestCase.tearDownClass` 不会被运行。被跳过的模组的" +" :func:`setUpModule` 和 :func:`tearDownModule` 不会被运行。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:647 +msgid "Distinguishing test iterations using subtests" +msgstr "使用子测试区分测试迭代" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:651 +msgid "" +"When there are very small differences among your tests, for instance some " +"parameters, unittest allows you to distinguish them inside the body of a " +"test method using the :meth:`~TestCase.subTest` context manager." +msgstr "" +"当你的几个测试之间的差异非常小，例如只有某些形参不同时，unittest 允许你使用 :meth:`~TestCase.subTest` " +"上下文管理器在一个测试方法体的内部区分它们。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:655 +msgid "For example, the following test::" +msgstr "例如，以下测试::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:657 +msgid "" +"class NumbersTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_even(self):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" for i in range(0, 6):\n" +" with self.subTest(i=i):\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)" +msgstr "" +"class NumbersTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_even(self):\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" for i in range(0, 6):\n" +" with self.subTest(i=i):\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:667 +msgid "will produce the following output::" +msgstr "可以得到以下输出::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:669 +msgid "" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even) (i=1)\n" +"Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 11, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0\n" +"\n" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even) (i=3)\n" +"Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 11, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0\n" +"\n" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even) (i=5)\n" +"Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 11, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0" +msgstr "" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even) (i=1)\n" +"Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 11, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0\n" +"\n" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even) (i=3)\n" +"Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 11, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0\n" +"\n" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even) (i=5)\n" +"Test that numbers between 0 and 5 are all even.\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 11, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:699 +msgid "" +"Without using a subtest, execution would stop after the first failure, and " +"the error would be less easy to diagnose because the value of ``i`` wouldn't" +" be displayed::" +msgstr "如果不使用子测试，程序遇到第一次错误之后就会停止。而且因为 ``i`` 的值不显示，错误也更难找。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:703 +msgid "" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even)\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 32, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0" +msgstr "" +"======================================================================\n" +"FAIL: test_even (__main__.NumbersTest.test_even)\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"subtests.py\", line 32, in test_even\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)\n" +"AssertionError: 1 != 0" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:715 +msgid "Classes and functions" +msgstr "类与函数" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:717 +msgid "This section describes in depth the API of :mod:`unittest`." +msgstr "本节深入介绍了 :mod:`unittest` 的 API。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:723 +msgid "Test cases" +msgstr "测试用例" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:727 +msgid "" +"Instances of the :class:`TestCase` class represent the logical test units in" +" the :mod:`unittest` universe. This class is intended to be used as a base " +"class, with specific tests being implemented by concrete subclasses. This " +"class implements the interface needed by the test runner to allow it to " +"drive the tests, and methods that the test code can use to check for and " +"report various kinds of failure." +msgstr "" +":class:`TestCase` 类的实例代表了 :mod:`unittest` 宇宙中的逻辑测试单元。 " +"该类旨在被当作基类使用，特定的测试将由其实体子类来实现。 " +"该类实现了测试运行器所需的接口以允许它驱动测试，并实现了可被测试代码用来检测和报告各种类型的失败的方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:734 +msgid "" +"Each instance of :class:`TestCase` will run a single base method: the method" +" named *methodName*. In most uses of :class:`TestCase`, you will neither " +"change the *methodName* nor reimplement the default ``runTest()`` method." +msgstr "" +"每个 :class:`TestCase` 实例将运行一个单位的基础方法：即名为 *methodName* 的方法。 在使用 " +":class:`TestCase` 的大多数场景中，你都不需要修改 *methodName* 或重新实现默认的 ``runTest()`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:739 +msgid "" +":class:`TestCase` can be instantiated successfully without providing a " +"*methodName*. This makes it easier to experiment with :class:`TestCase` from" +" the interactive interpreter." +msgstr "" +":class:`TestCase` 不需要提供 *methodName* 即可成功实例化。 这使得从交互式解释器试验 :class:`TestCase`" +" 更为容易。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:744 +msgid "" +":class:`TestCase` instances provide three groups of methods: one group used " +"to run the test, another used by the test implementation to check conditions" +" and report failures, and some inquiry methods allowing information about " +"the test itself to be gathered." +msgstr "" +":class:`TestCase` " +"的实例提供了三组方法：一组用来运行测试，另一组被测试实现用来检查条件和报告失败，还有一些查询方法用来收集有关测试本身的信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:749 +msgid "Methods in the first group (running the test) are:" +msgstr "第一组（用于运行测试的）方法是：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:753 +msgid "" +"Method called to prepare the test fixture. This is called immediately " +"before calling the test method; other than :exc:`AssertionError` or " +":exc:`SkipTest`, any exception raised by this method will be considered an " +"error rather than a test failure. The default implementation does nothing." +msgstr "" +"为测试预备而调用的方法。 此方法会在调用测试方法之前被调用；除了 :exc:`AssertionError` 或 " +":exc:`SkipTest`，此方法所引发的任何异常都将被视为错误而非测试失败。 默认的实现将不做任何事情。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:761 +msgid "" +"Method called immediately after the test method has been called and the " +"result recorded. This is called even if the test method raised an " +"exception, so the implementation in subclasses may need to be particularly " +"careful about checking internal state. Any exception, other than " +":exc:`AssertionError` or :exc:`SkipTest`, raised by this method will be " +"considered an additional error rather than a test failure (thus increasing " +"the total number of reported errors). This method will only be called if the" +" :meth:`setUp` succeeds, regardless of the outcome of the test method. The " +"default implementation does nothing." +msgstr "" +"在测试方法被调用并记录结果之后立即被调用的方法。 此方法即使在测试方法引发异常时仍会被调用，因此子类中的实现将需要特别注意检查内部状态。 除 " +":exc:`AssertionError` 或 :exc:`SkipTest` " +"外，此方法所引发的任何异常都将被视为额外的错误而非测试失败（因而会增加总计错误报告数）。 此方法将只在 :meth:`setUp` " +"成功执行时被调用，无论测试方法的结果如何。 默认的实现将不做任何事情。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:774 +msgid "" +"A class method called before tests in an individual class are run. " +"``setUpClass`` is called with the class as the only argument and must be " +"decorated as a :func:`classmethod`::" +msgstr "" +"在一个单独类中的测试运行之前被调用的类方法。 ``setUpClass`` 会被作为唯一的参数在类上调用且必须使用 " +":func:`classmethod` 装饰器::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:778 +msgid "" +"@classmethod\n" +"def setUpClass(cls):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@classmethod\n" +"def setUpClass(cls):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:782 ../../library/unittest.rst:797 +msgid "See `Class and Module Fixtures`_ for more details." +msgstr "查看 `Class and Module Fixtures`_ 获取更详细的说明。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:789 +msgid "" +"A class method called after tests in an individual class have run. " +"``tearDownClass`` is called with the class as the only argument and must be " +"decorated as a :meth:`classmethod`::" +msgstr "" +"在一个单独类的测试完成运行之后被调用的类方法。 ``tearDownClass`` 会被作为唯一的参数在类上调用且必须使用 " +":meth:`classmethod` 装饰器::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:793 +msgid "" +"@classmethod\n" +"def tearDownClass(cls):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@classmethod\n" +"def tearDownClass(cls):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:804 +msgid "" +"Run the test, collecting the result into the :class:`TestResult` object " +"passed as *result*. If *result* is omitted or ``None``, a temporary result " +"object is created (by calling the :meth:`defaultTestResult` method) and " +"used. The result object is returned to :meth:`run`'s caller." +msgstr "" +"运行测试，将结果收集至作为 *result* 传入的 :class:`TestResult`。 如果 *result* 被省略或为 " +"``None``，则会创建一个临时的结果对象（通过调用 :meth:`defaultTestResult` 方法）并使用它。 结果对象会被返回给 " +":meth:`run` 的调用方。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:810 +msgid "" +"The same effect may be had by simply calling the :class:`TestCase` instance." +msgstr "同样的效果也可通过简单地调用 :class:`TestCase` 实例来达成。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:813 +msgid "" +"Previous versions of ``run`` did not return the result. Neither did calling " +"an instance." +msgstr "之前版本的 ``run`` 不会返回结果。 也不会对实例执行调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:819 +msgid "" +"Calling this during a test method or :meth:`setUp` skips the current test. " +"See :ref:`unittest-skipping` for more information." +msgstr "在测试方法或 :meth:`setUp` 执行期间调用此方法将跳过当前测试。 详情参见 :ref:`unittest-skipping`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Return a context manager which executes the enclosed code block as a " +"subtest. *msg* and *params* are optional, arbitrary values which are " +"displayed whenever a subtest fails, allowing you to identify them clearly." +msgstr "" +"返回一个上下文管理器以将其中的代码块作为子测试来执行。 可选的 *msg* 和 *params* " +"是将在子测试失败时显示的任意值，以便让你能清楚地标识它们。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:832 +msgid "" +"A test case can contain any number of subtest declarations, and they can be " +"arbitrarily nested." +msgstr "一个测试用例可以包含任意数量的子测试声明，并且它们可以任意地嵌套。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:835 +msgid "See :ref:`subtests` for more information." +msgstr "查看 :ref:`subtests` 获取更详细的信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:842 +msgid "" +"Run the test without collecting the result. This allows exceptions raised " +"by the test to be propagated to the caller, and can be used to support " +"running tests under a debugger." +msgstr "运行测试而不收集结果。 这允许测试所引发的异常被传递给调用方，并可被用于支持在调试器中运行测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:848 +msgid "" +"The :class:`TestCase` class provides several assert methods to check for and" +" report failures. The following table lists the most commonly used methods " +"(see the tables below for more assert methods):" +msgstr "" +":class:`TestCase` 类提供了一些断言方法用于检查并报告失败。 下表列出了最常用的方法（请查看下文的其他表来了解更多的断言方法）:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:853 ../../library/unittest.rst:974 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1188 ../../library/unittest.rst:1312 +msgid "Method" +msgstr "方法" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:853 ../../library/unittest.rst:974 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1188 +msgid "Checks that" +msgstr "检查对象" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:853 ../../library/unittest.rst:974 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1188 ../../library/unittest.rst:1312 +msgid "New in" +msgstr "引入版本" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:855 +msgid ":meth:`assertEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:855 +msgid "``a == b``" +msgstr "``a == b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:858 +msgid ":meth:`assertNotEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertNotEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:858 +msgid "``a != b``" +msgstr "``a != b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:861 +msgid ":meth:`assertTrue(x) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertTrue(x) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:861 +msgid "``bool(x) is True``" +msgstr "``bool(x) is True``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:864 +msgid ":meth:`assertFalse(x) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertFalse(x) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:864 +msgid "``bool(x) is False``" +msgstr "``bool(x) is False``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:867 +msgid ":meth:`assertIs(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertIs(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:867 +msgid "``a is b``" +msgstr "``a is b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:867 ../../library/unittest.rst:870 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:873 ../../library/unittest.rst:876 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:879 ../../library/unittest.rst:882 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:979 ../../library/unittest.rst:1196 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1199 ../../library/unittest.rst:1202 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1205 ../../library/unittest.rst:1208 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1314 ../../library/unittest.rst:1317 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1320 ../../library/unittest.rst:1323 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1326 ../../library/unittest.rst:1329 +msgid "3.1" +msgstr "3.1" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:870 +msgid ":meth:`assertIsNot(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertIsNot(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:870 +msgid "``a is not b``" +msgstr "``a is not b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:873 +msgid ":meth:`assertIsNone(x) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertIsNone(x) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:873 +msgid "``x is None``" +msgstr "``x is None``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:876 +msgid ":meth:`assertIsNotNone(x) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertIsNotNone(x) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:876 +msgid "``x is not None``" +msgstr "``x is not None``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:879 +msgid ":meth:`assertIn(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertIn(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:879 +msgid "``a in b``" +msgstr "``a in b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:882 +msgid ":meth:`assertNotIn(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertNotIn(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:882 +msgid "``a not in b``" +msgstr "``a not in b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:885 +msgid ":meth:`assertIsInstance(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertIsInstance(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:885 +msgid "``isinstance(a, b)``" +msgstr "``isinstance(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:885 ../../library/unittest.rst:888 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:982 ../../library/unittest.rst:985 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1211 ../../library/unittest.rst:1214 +msgid "3.2" +msgstr "3.2" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:888 +msgid ":meth:`assertNotIsInstance(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertNotIsInstance(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:888 +msgid "``not isinstance(a, b)``" +msgstr "``not isinstance(a, b)``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:892 +msgid "" +"All the assert methods accept a *msg* argument that, if specified, is used " +"as the error message on failure (see also :data:`longMessage`). Note that " +"the *msg* keyword argument can be passed to :meth:`assertRaises`, " +":meth:`assertRaisesRegex`, :meth:`assertWarns`, :meth:`assertWarnsRegex` " +"only when they are used as a context manager." +msgstr "" +"这些断言方法都支持 *msg* 参数，如果指定了该参数，它将被用作测试失败时的错误消息 (另请参阅 :data:`longMessage`)。 请注意将" +" *msg* 关键字参数传给 :meth:`assertRaises`, :meth:`assertRaisesRegex`, " +":meth:`assertWarns`, :meth:`assertWarnsRegex` 的前提是它们必须被用作上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:900 +msgid "" +"Test that *first* and *second* are equal. If the values do not compare " +"equal, the test will fail." +msgstr "测试 *first* 和 *second* 是否相等。 如果两个值的比较结果是不相等，则测试将失败。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:903 +msgid "" +"In addition, if *first* and *second* are the exact same type and one of " +"list, tuple, dict, set, frozenset or str or any type that a subclass " +"registers with :meth:`addTypeEqualityFunc` the type-specific equality " +"function will be called in order to generate a more useful default error " +"message (see also the :ref:`list of type-specific methods `)." +msgstr "" +"此外，如果 *first* 和 *second* 的类型完全相同且属于 list, tuple, dict, set, frozenset 或 str " +"或者属于通过 :meth:`addTypeEqualityFunc` 注册子类的类型则将会调用类型专属的相等判断函数以便生成更有用的默认错误消息 " +"(另请参阅 :ref:`类型专属方法列表 `)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:910 +msgid "Added the automatic calling of type-specific equality function." +msgstr "增加了对类型专属的相等判断函数的自动调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:913 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertMultiLineEqual` added as the default type equality function for" +" comparing strings." +msgstr "增加了 :meth:`assertMultiLineEqual` 作为用于比较字符串的默认类型相等判断函数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:920 +msgid "" +"Test that *first* and *second* are not equal. If the values do compare " +"equal, the test will fail." +msgstr "测试 *first* 和 *second* 是否不等。 如果两个值的比较结果是相等，则测试将失败。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:926 +msgid "Test that *expr* is true (or false)." +msgstr "测试 *expr* 是否为真值（或假值）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:928 +msgid "" +"Note that this is equivalent to ``bool(expr) is True`` and not to ``expr is " +"True`` (use ``assertIs(expr, True)`` for the latter). This method should " +"also be avoided when more specific methods are available (e.g. " +"``assertEqual(a, b)`` instead of ``assertTrue(a == b)``), because they " +"provide a better error message in case of failure." +msgstr "" +"请注意这等价于 ``bool(expr) is True`` 而不等价于 ``expr is True`` (后者要使用 " +"``assertIs(expr, True)``)。 当存在更专门的方法时也应避免使用此方法 (例如应使用 ``assertEqual(a, b)`` " +"而不是 ``assertTrue(a == b)``)，因为它们在测试失败时会提供更有用的错误消息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:938 +msgid "Test that *first* and *second* are (or are not) the same object." +msgstr "测试 *first* 和 *second* 是 (或不是) 同一个对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:946 +msgid "Test that *expr* is (or is not) ``None``." +msgstr "测试 *expr* 是 (或不是) ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:954 +msgid "Test that *member* is (or is not) in *container*." +msgstr "测试 *member* 是 (或不是) *container* 的成员。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:962 +msgid "" +"Test that *obj* is (or is not) an instance of *cls* (which can be a class or" +" a tuple of classes, as supported by :func:`isinstance`). To check for the " +"exact type, use :func:`assertIs(type(obj), cls) `." +msgstr "" +"测试 *obj* 是 (或不是) *cls* (此参数可以为一个类或包含类的元组，即 :func:`isinstance` 所接受的参数) 的实例。 " +"要检测是否为指定类型，请使用 :func:`assertIs(type(obj), cls) `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:970 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to check the production of exceptions, warnings, and log" +" messages using the following methods:" +msgstr "还可以使用下列方法来检查异常、警告和日志消息的产生:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:976 +msgid ":meth:`assertRaises(exc, fun, *args, **kwds) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertRaises(exc, fun, *args, **kwds) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:976 +msgid "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` raises *exc*" +msgstr "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` 引发了 *exc*" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:979 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertRaisesRegex(exc, r, fun, *args, **kwds) " +"`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`assertRaisesRegex(exc, r, fun, *args, **kwds) " +"`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:979 +msgid "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` raises *exc* and the message matches regex *r*" +msgstr "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` 引发了 *exc* 并且消息可与正则表达式 *r* 相匹配" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:982 +msgid ":meth:`assertWarns(warn, fun, *args, **kwds) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertWarns(warn, fun, *args, **kwds) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:982 +msgid "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` raises *warn*" +msgstr "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` 引发了 *warn*" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:985 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertWarnsRegex(warn, r, fun, *args, **kwds) " +"`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`assertWarnsRegex(warn, r, fun, *args, **kwds) " +"`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:985 +msgid "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` raises *warn* and the message matches regex *r*" +msgstr "``fun(*args, **kwds)`` 引发了 *warn* 并且消息可与正则表达式 *r* 相匹配" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:988 +msgid ":meth:`assertLogs(logger, level) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertLogs(logger, level) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:988 +msgid "The ``with`` block logs on *logger* with minimum *level*" +msgstr "``with`` 代码块在 *logger* 上使用了最小的 *level* 级别写入日志" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:988 +msgid "3.4" +msgstr "3.4" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:991 +msgid ":meth:`assertNoLogs(logger, level) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertNoLogs(logger, level) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:991 +msgid "The ``with`` block does not log on" +msgstr "``with`` 代码块没有在" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:992 +msgid "*logger* with minimum *level*" +msgstr "*logger* 上使用最小的 *level* 级别写入日志" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:991 +msgid "3.10" +msgstr "3.10" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Test that an exception is raised when *callable* is called with any " +"positional or keyword arguments that are also passed to " +":meth:`assertRaises`. The test passes if *exception* is raised, is an error" +" if another exception is raised, or fails if no exception is raised. To " +"catch any of a group of exceptions, a tuple containing the exception classes" +" may be passed as *exception*." +msgstr "" +"测试当 *callable* 附带任何同时被传给 :meth:`assertRaises` 的位置或关键字参数被调用时是否引发了异常。 如果引发了 " +"*exception* 则测试通过，如果引发了另一个异常则报错，或者如果未引发任何异常则测试失败。 " +"要捕获一组异常中的任何一个，可以将包含多个异常类的元组作为 *exception* 传入。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"If only the *exception* and possibly the *msg* arguments are given, return a" +" context manager so that the code under test can be written inline rather " +"than as a function::" +msgstr "" +"如果只给出了 *exception* 和可能的 *msg* 参数，则返回一个上下文管理器以便被测试的代码可以被写成内联形式而不是被写成函数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"with self.assertRaises(SomeException):\n" +" do_something()" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertRaises(SomeException):\n" +" do_something()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"When used as a context manager, :meth:`assertRaises` accepts the additional " +"keyword argument *msg*." +msgstr "当被作为上下文管理器使用时，:meth:`assertRaises` 接受额外的关键字参数 *msg*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"The context manager will store the caught exception object in its " +":attr:`exception` attribute. This can be useful if the intention is to " +"perform additional checks on the exception raised::" +msgstr "上下文管理器将把捕获的异常对象存入在其 :attr:`exception` 属性中。 这适用于需要对所引发异常执行额外检查的场合::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"with self.assertRaises(SomeException) as cm:\n" +" do_something()\n" +"\n" +"the_exception = cm.exception\n" +"self.assertEqual(the_exception.error_code, 3)" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertRaises(SomeException) as cm:\n" +" do_something()\n" +"\n" +"the_exception = cm.exception\n" +"self.assertEqual(the_exception.error_code, 3)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1025 +msgid "Added the ability to use :meth:`assertRaises` as a context manager." +msgstr "添加了将 :meth:`assertRaises` 用作上下文管理器的功能。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1028 +msgid "Added the :attr:`exception` attribute." +msgstr "增加了 :attr:`exception` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1031 ../../library/unittest.rst:1057 +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1098 ../../library/unittest.rst:1121 +msgid "Added the *msg* keyword argument when used as a context manager." +msgstr "增加了 *msg* 关键字参数在作为上下文管理器时使用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1038 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`assertRaises` but also tests that *regex* matches on the string " +"representation of the raised exception. *regex* may be a regular expression" +" object or a string containing a regular expression suitable for use by " +":func:`re.search`. Examples::" +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`assertRaises` 类似但还会测试 *regex* 是否匹配被引发异常的字符串表示形式。 *regex* " +"可以是一个正则表达式对象或包含正则表达式的字符串以提供给 :func:`re.search` 使用。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, \"invalid literal for.*XYZ'$\",\n" +" int, 'XYZ')" +msgstr "" +"self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, \"invalid literal for.*XYZ'$\",\n" +" int, 'XYZ')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1046 ../../library/unittest.rst:1114 +msgid "or::" +msgstr "或者：" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'literal'):\n" +" int('XYZ')" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'literal'):\n" +" int('XYZ')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1051 +msgid "Added under the name ``assertRaisesRegexp``." +msgstr "以方法名 ``assertRaisesRegexp`` 添加。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1054 +msgid "Renamed to :meth:`assertRaisesRegex`." +msgstr "重命名为 :meth:`assertRaisesRegex`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"Test that a warning is triggered when *callable* is called with any " +"positional or keyword arguments that are also passed to :meth:`assertWarns`." +" The test passes if *warning* is triggered and fails if it isn't. Any " +"exception is an error. To catch any of a group of warnings, a tuple " +"containing the warning classes may be passed as *warnings*." +msgstr "" +"测试当 *callable* 附带任何同时被传给 :meth:`assertWarns` 的位置或关键字参数被调用时是否触发了警告。 如果触发了 " +"*warning* 则测试通过，否则测试失败。 引发任何异常则报错。 要捕获一组警告中的任何一个，可将包含多个警告类的元组作为 *warnings* " +"传入。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"If only the *warning* and possibly the *msg* arguments are given, return a " +"context manager so that the code under test can be written inline rather " +"than as a function::" +msgstr "如果只给出了 *warning* 和可能的 *msg* 参数，则返回一个上下文管理器以便被测试的代码可以被写成内联形式而不是被写成函数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1075 +msgid "" +"with self.assertWarns(SomeWarning):\n" +" do_something()" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertWarns(SomeWarning):\n" +" do_something()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"When used as a context manager, :meth:`assertWarns` accepts the additional " +"keyword argument *msg*." +msgstr "当被作为上下文管理器使用时，:meth:`assertWarns` 接受额外的关键字参数 *msg*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1081 +msgid "" +"The context manager will store the caught warning object in its " +":attr:`warning` attribute, and the source line which triggered the warnings " +"in the :attr:`filename` and :attr:`lineno` attributes. This can be useful if" +" the intention is to perform additional checks on the warning caught::" +msgstr "" +"上下文管理器将把捕获的警告对象保存在其 :attr:`warning` 属性中，并把触发警告的源代码行保存在 :attr:`filename` 和 " +":attr:`lineno` 属性中。 这适用于需要对捕获的警告执行额外检查的场合::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"with self.assertWarns(SomeWarning) as cm:\n" +" do_something()\n" +"\n" +"self.assertIn('myfile.py', cm.filename)\n" +"self.assertEqual(320, cm.lineno)" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertWarns(SomeWarning) as cm:\n" +" do_something()\n" +"\n" +"self.assertIn('myfile.py', cm.filename)\n" +"self.assertEqual(320, cm.lineno)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"This method works regardless of the warning filters in place when it is " +"called." +msgstr "无论被调用时警告过滤器是否就位此方法均可工作。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`assertWarns` but also tests that *regex* matches on the message " +"of the triggered warning. *regex* may be a regular expression object or a " +"string containing a regular expression suitable for use by " +":func:`re.search`. Example::" +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`assertWarns` 类似但还会测试 *regex* 是否匹配被触发警告的消息文本。 *regex* " +"可以是一个正则表达式对象或包含正则表达式的字符串以提供给 :func:`re.search` 使用。 例如::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning,\n" +" r'legacy_function\\(\\) is deprecated',\n" +" legacy_function, 'XYZ')" +msgstr "" +"self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning,\n" +" r'legacy_function\\(\\) is deprecated',\n" +" legacy_function, 'XYZ')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, 'unsafe frobnicating'):\n" +" frobnicate('/etc/passwd')" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, 'unsafe frobnicating'):\n" +" frobnicate('/etc/passwd')" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"A context manager to test that at least one message is logged on the " +"*logger* or one of its children, with at least the given *level*." +msgstr "一个上下文管理器，它测试在 *logger* 或其子对象上是否至少记录了一条至少为指定 *level* 以上级别的消息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"If given, *logger* should be a :class:`logging.Logger` object or a " +":class:`str` giving the name of a logger. The default is the root logger, " +"which will catch all messages that were not blocked by a non-propagating " +"descendent logger." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *logger* 则它应为一个 :class:`logging.Logger` 对象或为一个指定日志记录器名称的 :class:`str`。" +" 默认为根日志记录器，它将捕获未被非传播型后继日志记录器所拦阻的所有消息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1135 ../../library/unittest.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"If given, *level* should be either a numeric logging level or its string " +"equivalent (for example either ``\"ERROR\"`` or :const:`logging.ERROR`). " +"The default is :const:`logging.INFO`." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *level*，它应为一个用数字表示的日志记录级别或其字符串等价形式 (例如为 ``\"ERROR\"`` 或 " +":const:`logging.ERROR`)。 默认为 :const:`logging.INFO`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"The test passes if at least one message emitted inside the ``with`` block " +"matches the *logger* and *level* conditions, otherwise it fails." +msgstr "如果在 ``with`` 代码块内部发出了至少一条与 *logger* 和 *level* 条件相匹配的消息则测试通过，否则测试失败。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"The object returned by the context manager is a recording helper which keeps" +" tracks of the matching log messages. It has two attributes:" +msgstr "上下文管理器返回的对象是一个记录辅助器，它会记录所匹配的日志消息。 它有两个属性:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"A list of :class:`logging.LogRecord` objects of the matching log messages." +msgstr "所匹配的日志消息 :class:`logging.LogRecord` 对象组成的列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"A list of :class:`str` objects with the formatted output of matching " +"messages." +msgstr "由 :class:`str` 对象组成的列表，内容为所匹配消息经格式化后的输出。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1156 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"with self.assertLogs('foo', level='INFO') as cm:\n" +" logging.getLogger('foo').info('first message')\n" +" logging.getLogger('foo.bar').error('second message')\n" +"self.assertEqual(cm.output, ['INFO:foo:first message',\n" +" 'ERROR:foo.bar:second message'])" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertLogs('foo', level='INFO') as cm:\n" +" logging.getLogger('foo').info('first message')\n" +" logging.getLogger('foo.bar').error('second message')\n" +"self.assertEqual(cm.output, ['INFO:foo:first message',\n" +" 'ERROR:foo.bar:second message'])" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"A context manager to test that no messages are logged on the *logger* or one" +" of its children, with at least the given *level*." +msgstr "一个上下文管理器，它测试在 *logger* 或其子对象上是否未记录任何至少为指定 *level* 以上级别的消息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"If given, *logger* should be a :class:`logging.Logger` object or a " +":class:`str` giving the name of a logger. The default is the root logger, " +"which will catch all messages." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *logger* 则它应为一个 :class:`logging.Logger` 对象或为一个指定日志记录器名称的 :class:`str`。" +" 默认为根日志记录器，它将捕获所有消息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"Unlike :meth:`assertLogs`, nothing will be returned by the context manager." +msgstr "与 :meth:`assertLogs` 不同，上下文管理器将不返回任何对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"There are also other methods used to perform more specific checks, such as:" +msgstr "还有其他一些方法可用于执行更专门的检查，例如:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1190 +msgid ":meth:`assertAlmostEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertAlmostEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1190 +msgid "``round(a-b, 7) == 0``" +msgstr "``round(a-b, 7) == 0``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1193 +msgid ":meth:`assertNotAlmostEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertNotAlmostEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1193 +msgid "``round(a-b, 7) != 0``" +msgstr "``round(a-b, 7) != 0``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1196 +msgid ":meth:`assertGreater(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertGreater(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1196 +msgid "``a > b``" +msgstr "``a > b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1199 +msgid ":meth:`assertGreaterEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertGreaterEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1199 +msgid "``a >= b``" +msgstr "``a >= b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1202 +msgid ":meth:`assertLess(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertLess(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1202 +msgid "``a < b``" +msgstr "``a < b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1205 +msgid ":meth:`assertLessEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertLessEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1205 +msgid "``a <= b``" +msgstr "``a <= b``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1208 +msgid ":meth:`assertRegex(s, r) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertRegex(s, r) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1208 +msgid "``r.search(s)``" +msgstr "``r.search(s)``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1211 +msgid ":meth:`assertNotRegex(s, r) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertNotRegex(s, r) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1211 +msgid "``not r.search(s)``" +msgstr "``not r.search(s)``" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1214 +msgid ":meth:`assertCountEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertCountEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"*a* and *b* have the same elements in the same number, regardless of their " +"order." +msgstr "*a* 和 *b* 具有同样数量的相同元素，无论其顺序如何。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"Test that *first* and *second* are approximately (or not approximately) " +"equal by computing the difference, rounding to the given number of decimal " +"*places* (default 7), and comparing to zero. Note that these methods round " +"the values to the given number of *decimal places* (i.e. like the " +":func:`round` function) and not *significant digits*." +msgstr "" +"测试 *first* 与 *second* 是否几乎相等，比较的标准是计算差值并舍入到 *places* 所指定的十进制位数 (默认为 7 " +"位)，再与零相比较。 请注意此方法是将结果值舍入到指定的 *十进制位数* (即相当于 :func:`round` 函数) 而非 *有效位数*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1229 +msgid "" +"If *delta* is supplied instead of *places* then the difference between " +"*first* and *second* must be less or equal to (or greater than) *delta*." +msgstr "" +"如果提供了 *delta* 而非 *places* 则 *first* 和 *second* 之间的差值必须小于等于 (或大于) *delta*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1232 +msgid "Supplying both *delta* and *places* raises a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "同时提供 *delta* 和 *places* 将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1234 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertAlmostEqual` automatically considers almost equal objects that " +"compare equal. :meth:`assertNotAlmostEqual` automatically fails if the " +"objects compare equal. Added the *delta* keyword argument." +msgstr "" +":meth:`assertAlmostEqual` 会自动将几乎相等的对象视为相等。 而如果对象相等则 " +":meth:`assertNotAlmostEqual` 会自动测试失败。 增加了 *delta* 关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1245 +msgid "" +"Test that *first* is respectively >, >=, < or <= than *second* depending on " +"the method name. If not, the test will fail::" +msgstr "根据方法名分别测试 *first* 是否 >, >=, < 或 <= *second*。 如果不是，则测试失败::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1248 +msgid "" +">>> self.assertGreaterEqual(3, 4)\n" +"AssertionError: \"3\" unexpectedly not greater than or equal to \"4\"" +msgstr "" +">>> self.assertGreaterEqual(3, 4)\n" +"AssertionError: \"3\" unexpectedly not greater than or equal to \"4\"" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"Test that a *regex* search matches (or does not match) *text*. In case of " +"failure, the error message will include the pattern and the *text* (or the " +"pattern and the part of *text* that unexpectedly matched). *regex* may be a" +" regular expression object or a string containing a regular expression " +"suitable for use by :func:`re.search`." +msgstr "" +"测试一个 *regex* 搜索匹配（或不匹配） *文本*。如果不匹配，错误信息中将包含匹配模式和 *文本*（或部分匹配失败的 *文本*）。*regex*" +" 可以是正则表达式对象或能够用于 :func:`re.search` 的包含正则表达式的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1263 +msgid "Added under the name ``assertRegexpMatches``." +msgstr "以方法名 ``assertRegexpMatches`` 添加。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"The method ``assertRegexpMatches()`` has been renamed to " +":meth:`.assertRegex`." +msgstr "方法 ``assertRegexpMatches()`` 已被改名为 :meth:`.assertRegex`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1268 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotRegex`." +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotRegex`" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1274 +msgid "" +"Test that sequence *first* contains the same elements as *second*, " +"regardless of their order. When they don't, an error message listing the " +"differences between the sequences will be generated." +msgstr "" +"测试序列 *first* 与 *second* 是否包含同样的元素，无论其顺序如何。 当存在差异时，将生成一条错误消息来列出两个序列之间的差异。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Duplicate elements are *not* ignored when comparing *first* and *second*. It" +" verifies whether each element has the same count in both sequences. " +"Equivalent to: ``assertEqual(Counter(list(first)), Counter(list(second)))`` " +"but works with sequences of unhashable objects as well." +msgstr "" +"重复的元素 *不会* 在 *first* 和 *second* 的比较中被忽略。 它会检查每个元素在两个序列中的出现次数是否相同。 等价于: " +"``assertEqual(Counter(list(first)), Counter(list(second)))`` " +"但还适用于包含不可哈希对象的序列。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1289 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`assertEqual` method dispatches the equality check for objects of " +"the same type to different type-specific methods. These methods are already" +" implemented for most of the built-in types, but it's also possible to " +"register new methods using :meth:`addTypeEqualityFunc`:" +msgstr "" +":meth:`assertEqual` 方法会将相同类型对象的相等性检查分派给不同的类型专属方法。 这些方法已被大多数内置类型所实现，但也可以使用 " +":meth:`addTypeEqualityFunc` 来注册新的方法:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"Registers a type-specific method called by :meth:`assertEqual` to check if " +"two objects of exactly the same *typeobj* (not subclasses) compare equal. " +"*function* must take two positional arguments and a third msg=None keyword " +"argument just as :meth:`assertEqual` does. It must raise " +":data:`self.failureException(msg) ` when inequality " +"between the first two parameters is detected -- possibly providing useful " +"information and explaining the inequalities in details in the error message." +msgstr "" +"注册一个由 :meth:`assertEqual` 调用的特定类型专属方法来检查恰好为相同 *typeobj* (而非子类) 的两个对象是否相等。 " +"*function* 必须接受两个位置参数和第三个 msg=None 关键字参数，就像 :meth:`assertEqual` 那样。 " +"当检测到前两个形参之间不相等时它必须引发 :data:`self.failureException(msg) ` " +"-- 可能还会提供有用的信息并在错误消息中详细解释不相等的原因。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"The list of type-specific methods automatically used by " +":meth:`~TestCase.assertEqual` are summarized in the following table. Note " +"that it's usually not necessary to invoke these methods directly." +msgstr "" +"以下是 :meth:`~TestCase.assertEqual` 自动选用的不同类型的比较方法。一般情况下不需要直接在测试中调用这些方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1312 +msgid "Used to compare" +msgstr "用作比较" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1314 +msgid ":meth:`assertMultiLineEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertMultiLineEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1314 +msgid "strings" +msgstr "字符串" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1317 +msgid ":meth:`assertSequenceEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertSequenceEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1317 +msgid "sequences" +msgstr "序列" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1320 +msgid ":meth:`assertListEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertListEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1320 +msgid "lists" +msgstr "列表" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1323 +msgid ":meth:`assertTupleEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertTupleEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1323 +msgid "tuples" +msgstr "元组" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1326 +msgid ":meth:`assertSetEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertSetEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1326 +msgid "sets or frozensets" +msgstr "集合" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1329 +msgid ":meth:`assertDictEqual(a, b) `" +msgstr ":meth:`assertDictEqual(a, b) `" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1329 +msgid "dicts" +msgstr "字典" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"Test that the multiline string *first* is equal to the string *second*. When" +" not equal a diff of the two strings highlighting the differences will be " +"included in the error message. This method is used by default when comparing" +" strings with :meth:`assertEqual`." +msgstr "" +"测试多行字符串 *first* 是否与字符串 *second* 相等。 当不相等时将在错误消息中包括两个字符串之间差异的高亮显示。 此方法会在通过 " +":meth:`assertEqual` 进行字符串比较时默认被使用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"Tests that two sequences are equal. If a *seq_type* is supplied, both " +"*first* and *second* must be instances of *seq_type* or a failure will be " +"raised. If the sequences are different an error message is constructed that" +" shows the difference between the two." +msgstr "" +"测试两个序列是否相等。 如果提供了 *seq_type*，则 *first* 和 *second* 都必须为 *seq_type* " +"的实例否则将引发失败。 如果两个序列不相等则会构造一个错误消息来显示两者之间的差异。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"This method is not called directly by :meth:`assertEqual`, but it's used to " +"implement :meth:`assertListEqual` and :meth:`assertTupleEqual`." +msgstr "" +"此方法不会被 :meth:`assertEqual` 直接调用，但它会被用于实现 :meth:`assertListEqual` 和 " +":meth:`assertTupleEqual`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"Tests that two lists or tuples are equal. If not, an error message is " +"constructed that shows only the differences between the two. An error is " +"also raised if either of the parameters are of the wrong type. These methods" +" are used by default when comparing lists or tuples with " +":meth:`assertEqual`." +msgstr "" +"测试两个列表或元组是否相等。 如果不相等，则会构造一个错误消息来显示两者之间的差异。 如果某个形参的类型不正确也会引发错误。 这些方法会在通过 " +":meth:`assertEqual` 进行列表或元组比较时默认被使用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1373 +msgid "" +"Tests that two sets are equal. If not, an error message is constructed that" +" lists the differences between the sets. This method is used by default " +"when comparing sets or frozensets with :meth:`assertEqual`." +msgstr "" +"测试两个集合是否相等。 如果不相等，则会构造一个错误消息来列出两者之间的差异。 此方法会在通过 :meth:`assertEqual` " +"进行集合或冻结集合比较时默认被使用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1377 +msgid "" +"Fails if either of *first* or *second* does not have a " +":meth:`set.difference` method." +msgstr "如果 *first* 或 *second* 没有 :meth:`set.difference` 方法则测试失败。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"Test that two dictionaries are equal. If not, an error message is " +"constructed that shows the differences in the dictionaries. This method will" +" be used by default to compare dictionaries in calls to :meth:`assertEqual`." +msgstr "" +"测试两个字典是否相等。 如果不相等，则会构造一个错误消息来显示两个字典的差异。 此方法会在对 :meth:`assertEqual` " +"的调用中默认被用来进行字典的比较。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1396 +msgid "" +"Finally the :class:`TestCase` provides the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr "最后 :class:`TestCase` 还提供了以下的方法和属性:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"Signals a test failure unconditionally, with *msg* or ``None`` for the error" +" message." +msgstr "无条件地发出测试失败消息，附带错误消息 *msg* 或 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1407 +msgid "" +"This class attribute gives the exception raised by the test method. If a " +"test framework needs to use a specialized exception, possibly to carry " +"additional information, it must subclass this exception in order to \"play " +"fair\" with the framework. The initial value of this attribute is " +":exc:`AssertionError`." +msgstr "" +"这个类属性给出测试方法所引发的异常。 如果某个测试框架需要使用专门的异常，并可能附带额外的信息，则必须子类化该类以便与框架“正常互动”。 " +"这个属性的初始值为 :exc:`AssertionError`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1416 +msgid "" +"This class attribute determines what happens when a custom failure message " +"is passed as the msg argument to an assertXYY call that fails. ``True`` is " +"the default value. In this case, the custom message is appended to the end " +"of the standard failure message. When set to ``False``, the custom message " +"replaces the standard message." +msgstr "" +"这个类属性决定当将一个自定义失败消息作为 msg 参数传给一个失败的 assertXYY 调用时会发生什么。默认值为 ``True``。 " +"在此情况下，自定义消息会被添加到标准失败消息的末尾。 当设为 ``False`` 时，自定义消息会替换标准消息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1422 +msgid "" +"The class setting can be overridden in individual test methods by assigning " +"an instance attribute, self.longMessage, to ``True`` or ``False`` before " +"calling the assert methods." +msgstr "" +"类设置可以通过在调用断言方法之前将一个实例属性 self.longMessage 赋值为 ``True`` 或 ``False`` " +"在单个测试方法中进行重载。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1426 +msgid "The class setting gets reset before each test call." +msgstr "类设置会在每个测试调用之前被重置。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1433 +msgid "" +"This attribute controls the maximum length of diffs output by assert methods" +" that report diffs on failure. It defaults to 80*8 characters. Assert " +"methods affected by this attribute are :meth:`assertSequenceEqual` " +"(including all the sequence comparison methods that delegate to it), " +":meth:`assertDictEqual` and :meth:`assertMultiLineEqual`." +msgstr "" +"这个属性控制来自在测试失败时报告 diffs 的断言方法的 diffs 输出的最大长度。 它默认为 80*8 个字符。 这个属性所影响的断言方法有 " +":meth:`assertSequenceEqual` (包括所有委托给它的序列比较方法), :meth:`assertDictEqual` 以及 " +":meth:`assertMultiLineEqual`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1440 +msgid "" +"Setting ``maxDiff`` to ``None`` means that there is no maximum length of " +"diffs." +msgstr "将 ``maxDiff`` 设为 ``None`` 表示不限制 diffs 的最大长度。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1446 +msgid "" +"Testing frameworks can use the following methods to collect information on " +"the test:" +msgstr "测试框架可使用下列方法来收集测试的有关信息:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1452 +msgid "" +"Return the number of tests represented by this test object. For " +":class:`TestCase` instances, this will always be ``1``." +msgstr "返回此测试对象所提供的测试数量。 对于 :class:`TestCase` 实例，该数量将总是为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"Return an instance of the test result class that should be used for this " +"test case class (if no other result instance is provided to the :meth:`run` " +"method)." +msgstr "返回此测试类所要使用的测试结果类的实例（如果未向 :meth:`run` 方法提供其他结果实例）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1462 +msgid "" +"For :class:`TestCase` instances, this will always be an instance of " +":class:`TestResult`; subclasses of :class:`TestCase` should override this as" +" necessary." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`TestCase` 实例，该返回值将总是为 :class:`TestResult` 的实例；:class:`TestCase` " +"的子类应当在有必要时重写此方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"Return a string identifying the specific test case. This is usually the " +"full name of the test method, including the module and class name." +msgstr "返回一个标识指定测试用例的字符串。 该返回值通常为测试方法的完整名称，包括模块名和类名。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1475 +msgid "" +"Returns a description of the test, or ``None`` if no description has been " +"provided. The default implementation of this method returns the first line " +"of the test method's docstring, if available, or ``None``." +msgstr "" +"返回测试的描述，如果未提供描述则返回 ``None``。 此方法的默认实现将在可用的情况下返回测试方法的文档字符串的第一行，或者返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1480 +msgid "" +"In 3.1 this was changed to add the test name to the short description even " +"in the presence of a docstring. This caused compatibility issues with " +"unittest extensions and adding the test name was moved to the " +":class:`TextTestResult` in Python 3.2." +msgstr "" +"在 3.1 中已修改此方法将测试名称添加到简短描述中，即使存在文档字符串。 这导致了与单元测试扩展的兼容性问题因而在 Python 3.2 " +"中将添加测试名称操作改到 :class:`TextTestResult` 中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"Add a function to be called after :meth:`tearDown` to cleanup resources used" +" during the test. Functions will be called in reverse order to the order " +"they are added (:abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-out)`). They are called with " +"any arguments and keyword arguments passed into :meth:`addCleanup` when they" +" are added." +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`tearDown` 之后添加了一个要调用的函数来清理测试期间所使用的资源。 函数将按它们被添加的相反顺序被调用 " +"(:abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-out)`)。 它们在调用时将附带它们被添加时传给 :meth:`addCleanup` " +"的任何参数和关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`setUp` fails, meaning that :meth:`tearDown` is not called, then " +"any cleanup functions added will still be called." +msgstr "如果 :meth:`setUp` 失败，即意味着 :meth:`tearDown` 未被调用，则已添加的任何清理函数仍将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1503 +msgid "" +"Enter the supplied :term:`context manager`. If successful, also add its " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method as a cleanup function by :meth:`addCleanup` " +"and return the result of the :meth:`~object.__enter__` method." +msgstr "" +"进入所提供的 :term:`context manager`。 如果成功，还会将其 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法作为使用 " +":meth:`addCleanup` 的清理函数并返回 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法的结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"This method is called unconditionally after :meth:`tearDown`, or after " +":meth:`setUp` if :meth:`setUp` raises an exception." +msgstr "" +"此方法会在 :meth:`tearDown` 之后，或者如果 :meth:`setUp` 引发了异常则会在 :meth:`setUp` 之后被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"It is responsible for calling all the cleanup functions added by " +":meth:`addCleanup`. If you need cleanup functions to be called *prior* to " +":meth:`tearDown` then you can call :meth:`doCleanups` yourself." +msgstr "" +"它将负责调用由 :meth:`addCleanup` 添加的所有清理函数。 如果你需要在 :meth:`tearDown` *之前* " +"调用清理函数则可以自行调用 :meth:`doCleanups`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1521 +msgid "" +":meth:`doCleanups` pops methods off the stack of cleanup functions one at a " +"time, so it can be called at any time." +msgstr ":meth:`doCleanups` 每次会弹出清理函数栈中的一个方法，因此它可以在任何时候被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1529 +msgid "" +"Add a function to be called after :meth:`tearDownClass` to cleanup resources" +" used during the test class. Functions will be called in reverse order to " +"the order they are added (:abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-out)`). They are " +"called with any arguments and keyword arguments passed into " +":meth:`addClassCleanup` when they are added." +msgstr "" +"在Add a function to be called after :meth:`tearDownClass` " +"之后添加了一个要调用的函数来清理测试类运行期间所使用的资源。 函数将按它们被添加的相反顺序被调用 (:abbr:`LIFO (last-in, " +"first-out)`)。 它们在调用时将附带它们被添加时传给 :meth:`addClassCleanup` 的任何参数和关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1535 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`setUpClass` fails, meaning that :meth:`tearDownClass` is not " +"called, then any cleanup functions added will still be called." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`setUpClass` 失败，即意味着 :meth:`tearDownClass` 未被调用，则已添加的任何清理函数仍将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1543 +msgid "" +"Enter the supplied :term:`context manager`. If successful, also add its " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method as a cleanup function by " +":meth:`addClassCleanup` and return the result of the " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` method." +msgstr "" +"进入所提供的 :term:`context manager`。 如果成功，还会将其 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法作为使用 " +":meth:`addClassCleanup` 的清理函数并返回 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法的结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"This method is called unconditionally after :meth:`tearDownClass`, or after " +":meth:`setUpClass` if :meth:`setUpClass` raises an exception." +msgstr "" +"此方法会在 :meth:`tearDownClass` 之后无条件地被调用，或者如果 :meth:`setUpClass` 引发了异常则会在 " +":meth:`setUpClass` 之后被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1556 +msgid "" +"It is responsible for calling all the cleanup functions added by " +":meth:`addClassCleanup`. If you need cleanup functions to be called *prior* " +"to :meth:`tearDownClass` then you can call :meth:`doClassCleanups` yourself." +msgstr "" +"它将负责访问由 :meth:`addClassCleanup` 添加的所有清理函数。 如果你需要在 :meth:`tearDownClass` *之前*" +" 调用清理函数则可以自行调用 :meth:`doClassCleanups`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1561 +msgid "" +":meth:`doClassCleanups` pops methods off the stack of cleanup functions one " +"at a time, so it can be called at any time." +msgstr ":meth:`doClassCleanups` 每次会弹出清理函数栈中的一个方法，因此它在任何时候被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"This class provides an API similar to :class:`TestCase` and also accepts " +"coroutines as test functions." +msgstr "这个类提供了与 :class:`TestCase` 类似的 API 并也接受协程作为测试函数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1576 +msgid "" +"The *loop_factory* passed to :class:`asyncio.Runner`. Override in subclasses" +" with :class:`asyncio.EventLoop` to avoid using the asyncio policy system." +msgstr "" +"传给 :class:`asyncio.Runner` 的 *loop_factory*。 通过 :class:`asyncio.EventLoop` " +"重写子类以避免使用 asyncio 策略系统。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1584 +msgid "" +"Method called to prepare the test fixture. This is called after " +":meth:`setUp`. This is called immediately before calling the test method; " +"other than :exc:`AssertionError` or :exc:`SkipTest`, any exception raised by" +" this method will be considered an error rather than a test failure. The " +"default implementation does nothing." +msgstr "" +"为测试预备而调用的方法。 此方法会在 :meth:`setUp` 之后被调用。 此方法将在调用测试方法之前立即被调用；除了 " +":exc:`AssertionError` 或 :exc:`SkipTest`，此方法所引发的任何异常都将被视为错误而非测试失败。 " +"默认的实现将不做任何事情。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"Method called immediately after the test method has been called and the " +"result recorded. This is called before :meth:`tearDown`. This is called " +"even if the test method raised an exception, so the implementation in " +"subclasses may need to be particularly careful about checking internal " +"state. Any exception, other than :exc:`AssertionError` or :exc:`SkipTest`, " +"raised by this method will be considered an additional error rather than a " +"test failure (thus increasing the total number of reported errors). This " +"method will only be called if the :meth:`asyncSetUp` succeeds, regardless of" +" the outcome of the test method. The default implementation does nothing." +msgstr "" +"在测试方法被调用并记录结果之后立即被调用的方法。 此方法会在 :meth:`tearDown` 之前被调用。 " +"此方法即使在测试方法引发异常时仍会被调用，因此子类中的实现将需要特别注意检查内部状态。 除 :exc:`AssertionError` 或 " +":exc:`SkipTest` 外，此方法所引发的任何异常都将被视为额外的错误而非测试失败（因而会增加总计错误报告数）。 此方法将只在 " +":meth:`asyncSetUp` 成功执行时被调用，无论测试方法的结果如何。 默认的实现将不做任何事情。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1604 +msgid "" +"This method accepts a coroutine that can be used as a cleanup function." +msgstr "此方法接受一个可被用作清理函数的协程。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"Enter the supplied :term:`asynchronous context manager`. If successful, " +"also add its :meth:`~object.__aexit__` method as a cleanup function by " +":meth:`addAsyncCleanup` and return the result of the " +":meth:`~object.__aenter__` method." +msgstr "" +"进入所提供的 :term:`asynchronous context manager`。 如果成功，还会将其 " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__` 方法作为使用 :meth:`addAsyncCleanup` 的清理函数并返回 " +":meth:`~object.__aenter__` 方法的结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1618 +msgid "" +"Sets up a new event loop to run the test, collecting the result into the " +":class:`TestResult` object passed as *result*. If *result* is omitted or " +"``None``, a temporary result object is created (by calling the " +":meth:`defaultTestResult` method) and used. The result object is returned to" +" :meth:`run`'s caller. At the end of the test all the tasks in the event " +"loop are cancelled." +msgstr "" +"设置一个新的事件循环来运行测试，将结果收集至作为 *result* 传入的 :class:`TestResult`。 如果 *result* 被省略或为" +" ``None``，则会创建一个临时的结果对象（通过调用 :meth:`defaultTestResult` 方法）并使用它。 结果对象会被返回给 " +":meth:`run` 的调用方。 在测试结束时事件循环中的所有任务都将被取消。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1626 +msgid "An example illustrating the order::" +msgstr "一个显示先后顺序的例子::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1628 +msgid "" +"from unittest import IsolatedAsyncioTestCase\n" +"\n" +"events = []\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class Test(IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" events.append(\"setUp\")\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncSetUp(self):\n" +" self._async_connection = await AsyncConnection()\n" +" events.append(\"asyncSetUp\")\n" +"\n" +" async def test_response(self):\n" +" events.append(\"test_response\")\n" +" response = await self._async_connection.get(\"https://example.com\")\n" +" self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n" +" self.addAsyncCleanup(self.on_cleanup)\n" +"\n" +" def tearDown(self):\n" +" events.append(\"tearDown\")\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncTearDown(self):\n" +" await self._async_connection.close()\n" +" events.append(\"asyncTearDown\")\n" +"\n" +" async def on_cleanup(self):\n" +" events.append(\"cleanup\")\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" unittest.main()" +msgstr "" +"from unittest import IsolatedAsyncioTestCase\n" +"\n" +"events = []\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class Test(IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" def setUp(self):\n" +" events.append(\"setUp\")\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncSetUp(self):\n" +" self._async_connection = await AsyncConnection()\n" +" events.append(\"asyncSetUp\")\n" +"\n" +" async def test_response(self):\n" +" events.append(\"test_response\")\n" +" response = await self._async_connection.get(\"https://example.com\")\n" +" self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n" +" self.addAsyncCleanup(self.on_cleanup)\n" +"\n" +" def tearDown(self):\n" +" events.append(\"tearDown\")\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncTearDown(self):\n" +" await self._async_connection.close()\n" +" events.append(\"asyncTearDown\")\n" +"\n" +" async def on_cleanup(self):\n" +" events.append(\"cleanup\")\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" unittest.main()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1662 +msgid "" +"After running the test, ``events`` would contain ``[\"setUp\", " +"\"asyncSetUp\", \"test_response\", \"asyncTearDown\", \"tearDown\", " +"\"cleanup\"]``." +msgstr "" +"在运行测试之后，``events`` 将会包含 ``[\"setUp\", \"asyncSetUp\", \"test_response\", " +"\"asyncTearDown\", \"tearDown\", \"cleanup\"]``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1667 +msgid "" +"This class implements the portion of the :class:`TestCase` interface which " +"allows the test runner to drive the test, but does not provide the methods " +"which test code can use to check and report errors. This is used to create " +"test cases using legacy test code, allowing it to be integrated into a " +":mod:`unittest`-based test framework." +msgstr "" +"这个类实现了 :class:`TestCase` 的部分接口，允许测试运行方驱动测试，但不提供可被测试代码用来检查和报告错误的方法。 " +"这个类被用于创建使用传统测试代码的测试用例，允许它被集成到基于 :mod:`unittest` 的测试框架中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1677 +msgid "Grouping tests" +msgstr "分组测试" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1681 +msgid "" +"This class represents an aggregation of individual test cases and test " +"suites. The class presents the interface needed by the test runner to allow " +"it to be run as any other test case. Running a :class:`TestSuite` instance " +"is the same as iterating over the suite, running each test individually." +msgstr "" +"这个类代表对单独测试用例和测试套件的聚合。 这个类提供给测试运行方所需的接口以允许其像任何其他测试用例一样运行。 运行一个 " +":class:`TestSuite` 实例与对套件执行迭代来逐一运行每个测试的效果相同。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1686 +msgid "" +"If *tests* is given, it must be an iterable of individual test cases or " +"other test suites that will be used to build the suite initially. Additional" +" methods are provided to add test cases and suites to the collection later " +"on." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *tests*，则它必须是一个包含单独测试用例的可迭代对象或是将被用于初始构建测试套件的其他测试套件。 " +"还有一些附加的方法会被提供用来在随后向测试集添加测试用例和测试套件。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1690 +msgid "" +":class:`TestSuite` objects behave much like :class:`TestCase` objects, " +"except they do not actually implement a test. Instead, they are used to " +"aggregate tests into groups of tests that should be run together. Some " +"additional methods are available to add tests to :class:`TestSuite` " +"instances:" +msgstr "" +":class:`TestSuite` 对象的行为与 :class:`TestCase` 对象很相似，区别在于它们并不会真正实现一个测试。 " +"它们会被用来将测试聚合为多个要同时运行的测试分组。 还有一些附加的方法会被用来向 :class:`TestSuite` 实例添加测试:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1698 +msgid "Add a :class:`TestCase` or :class:`TestSuite` to the suite." +msgstr "向测试套件添加 :class:`TestCase` 或 :class:`TestSuite`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1703 +msgid "" +"Add all the tests from an iterable of :class:`TestCase` and " +":class:`TestSuite` instances to this test suite." +msgstr "将来自包含 :class:`TestCase` 和 :class:`TestSuite` 实例的可迭代对象的所有测试添加到这个测试套件。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1706 +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to iterating over *tests*, calling :meth:`addTest` for " +"each element." +msgstr "这等价于对 *tests* 进行迭代，并为其中的每个元素调用 :meth:`addTest`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1709 +msgid "" +":class:`TestSuite` shares the following methods with :class:`TestCase`:" +msgstr ":class:`TestSuite` 与 :class:`TestCase` 共享下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1714 +msgid "" +"Run the tests associated with this suite, collecting the result into the " +"test result object passed as *result*. Note that unlike " +":meth:`TestCase.run`, :meth:`TestSuite.run` requires the result object to be" +" passed in." +msgstr "" +"运行与这个套件相关联的测试，将结果收集到作为 *result* 传入的测试结果对象中。 请注意与 :meth:`TestCase.run` " +"的区别，:meth:`TestSuite.run` 必须传入结果对象。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"Run the tests associated with this suite without collecting the result. This" +" allows exceptions raised by the test to be propagated to the caller and can" +" be used to support running tests under a debugger." +msgstr "运行与这个套件相关联的测试而不收集结果。 这允许测试所引发的异常被传递给调用方并可被用于支持在调试器中运行测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1729 +msgid "" +"Return the number of tests represented by this test object, including all " +"individual tests and sub-suites." +msgstr "返回此测试对象所提供的测试数量，包括单独的测试和子套件。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1735 +msgid "" +"Tests grouped by a :class:`TestSuite` are always accessed by iteration. " +"Subclasses can lazily provide tests by overriding :meth:`!__iter__`. Note " +"that this method may be called several times on a single suite (for example " +"when counting tests or comparing for equality) so the tests returned by " +"repeated iterations before :meth:`TestSuite.run` must be the same for each " +"call iteration. After :meth:`TestSuite.run`, callers should not rely on the " +"tests returned by this method unless the caller uses a subclass that " +"overrides :meth:`TestSuite._removeTestAtIndex` to preserve test references." +msgstr "" +"由 :class:`TestSuite` 分组的测试总是可以通过迭代来访问。 其子类可以通过重载 :meth:`!__iter__` 来惰性地提供测试。" +" 请注意此方法可在单个套件上多次被调用（例如在计数或相等性比较时），为此在 :meth:`TestSuite.run` " +"之前重复迭代所返回的测试对于每次调用迭代都必须相同。 在 :meth:`TestSuite.run` " +"之后，调用方不应继续访问此方法所返回的测试，除非调用方使用重载了 :meth:`TestSuite._removeTestAtIndex` " +"的子类来保留对测试的引用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"In earlier versions the :class:`TestSuite` accessed tests directly rather " +"than through iteration, so overriding :meth:`!__iter__` wasn't sufficient " +"for providing tests." +msgstr "" +"在较早的版本中 :class:`TestSuite` 会直接访问测试而不是通过迭代，因此只重载 :meth:`!__iter__` " +"并不足以提供所有测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1750 +msgid "" +"In earlier versions the :class:`TestSuite` held references to each " +":class:`TestCase` after :meth:`TestSuite.run`. Subclasses can restore that " +"behavior by overriding :meth:`TestSuite._removeTestAtIndex`." +msgstr "" +"在较早的版本中 :class:`TestSuite` 会在 :meth:`TestSuite.run` 之后保留对每个 " +":class:`TestCase` 的引用。 其子类可以通过重载 :meth:`TestSuite._removeTestAtIndex` " +"来恢复此行为。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"In the typical usage of a :class:`TestSuite` object, the :meth:`run` method " +"is invoked by a :class:`TestRunner` rather than by the end-user test " +"harness." +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`TestSuite` 对象的典型应用中，:meth:`run` 方法是由 :class:`TestRunner` " +"唤起而不是由最终用户测试来控制。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1760 +msgid "Loading and running tests" +msgstr "加载和运行测试" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1764 +msgid "" +"The :class:`TestLoader` class is used to create test suites from classes and" +" modules. Normally, there is no need to create an instance of this class; " +"the :mod:`unittest` module provides an instance that can be shared as " +":data:`unittest.defaultTestLoader`. Using a subclass or instance, however, " +"allows customization of some configurable properties." +msgstr "" +":class:`TestLoader` 类可被用来基于类和模块创建测试套件。 通常，没有必要创建该类的实例；:mod:`unittest` " +"模块提供了一个可作为 :data:`unittest.defaultTestLoader` 共享的实例。 " +"但是，使用子类或实例允许对某些配置属性进行定制。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1770 +msgid ":class:`TestLoader` objects have the following attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`TestLoader` 对象具有下列属性:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"A list of the non-fatal errors encountered while loading tests. Not reset by" +" the loader at any point. Fatal errors are signalled by the relevant method " +"raising an exception to the caller. Non-fatal errors are also indicated by a" +" synthetic test that will raise the original error when run." +msgstr "" +"由在加载测试期间遇到的非致命错误组成的列表。 在任何时候都不会被加载方重围。 致命错误是通过相关方法引发一个异常来向调用方发出信号的。 " +"非致命错误也是由一个将在运行时引发原始错误的合成测试来提示的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1784 +msgid ":class:`TestLoader` objects have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`TestLoader` 对象具有下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1789 +msgid "" +"Return a suite of all test cases contained in the :class:`TestCase`\\ " +"-derived :class:`testCaseClass`." +msgstr "返回一个包含在 :class:`TestCase` 所派生的 :class:`testCaseClass` 中的所有测试用例的测试套件。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"A test case instance is created for each method named by " +":meth:`getTestCaseNames`. By default these are the method names beginning " +"with ``test``. If :meth:`getTestCaseNames` returns no methods, but the " +":meth:`runTest` method is implemented, a single test case is created for " +"that method instead." +msgstr "" +"会为每个由 :meth:`getTestCaseNames` 指明的方法创建一个测试用例实例。 在默认情况下这些都是以 ``test`` " +"开头的方法名称。 如果 :meth:`getTestCaseNames` 不返回任何方法，但 :meth:`runTest` " +"方法已被实现，则会为该方法创建一个单独的测试用例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1801 +msgid "" +"Return a suite of all test cases contained in the given module. This method " +"searches *module* for classes derived from :class:`TestCase` and creates an " +"instance of the class for each test method defined for the class." +msgstr "" +"返回包含在给定模块中的所有测试用例的测试套件。 此方法会在 *module* 中搜索从派生自 :class:`TestCase` " +"的类并为该类定义的每个测试方法创建一个类实例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1808 +msgid "" +"While using a hierarchy of :class:`TestCase`\\ -derived classes can be " +"convenient in sharing fixtures and helper functions, defining test methods " +"on base classes that are not intended to be instantiated directly does not " +"play well with this method. Doing so, however, can be useful when the " +"fixtures are different and defined in subclasses." +msgstr "" +"虽然使用 :class:`TestCase` " +"所派生的类的层级结构可以方便地共享配置和辅助函数，但在不打算直接实例化的基类上定义测试方法并不能很好地配合此方法使用。 " +"不过，当配置有差异并且定义在子类当中时这样做还是有用处的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1814 +msgid "" +"If a module provides a ``load_tests`` function it will be called to load the" +" tests. This allows modules to customize test loading. This is the " +"`load_tests protocol`_. The *pattern* argument is passed as the third " +"argument to ``load_tests``." +msgstr "" +"如果一个模块提供了 ``load_tests`` 函数则它将被调用以加载测试。 这允许模块自行定制测试加载过程。 这就称为 `load_tests " +"protocol`_。 *pattern* 参数会被作为传给 ``load_tests`` 的第三个参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1819 +msgid "Support for ``load_tests`` added." +msgstr "添加了对 ``load_tests`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1822 +msgid "Support for a keyword-only argument *pattern* has been added." +msgstr "增加了对仅限关键字参数 *pattern* 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1825 +msgid "" +"The undocumented and unofficial *use_load_tests* parameter has been removed." +msgstr "未写入文档的非正式 *use_load_tests* 形参已被移除。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1832 +msgid "Return a suite of all test cases given a string specifier." +msgstr "返回由给出了字符串形式规格描述的所有测试用例组成的测试套件。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1834 +msgid "" +"The specifier *name* is a \"dotted name\" that may resolve either to a " +"module, a test case class, a test method within a test case class, a " +":class:`TestSuite` instance, or a callable object which returns a " +":class:`TestCase` or :class:`TestSuite` instance. These checks are applied " +"in the order listed here; that is, a method on a possible test case class " +"will be picked up as \"a test method within a test case class\", rather than" +" \"a callable object\"." +msgstr "" +"描述名称 *name* 是一个“带点号的名称”，它可以被解析为一个模块、一个测试用例类、一个测试用例类内部的测试方法、一个 " +":class:`TestSuite` 实例，或者一个返回 :class:`TestCase` 或 :class:`TestSuite` " +"实例的可调用对象。 " +"这些检查将按在此列出的顺序执行；也就是说，一个可能的测试用例类上的方法将作为“一个测试用例内部的测试方法”而非作为“一个可调用对象”被选定。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1842 +msgid "" +"For example, if you have a module :mod:`SampleTests` containing a " +":class:`TestCase`\\ -derived class :class:`SampleTestCase` with three test " +"methods (:meth:`test_one`, :meth:`test_two`, and :meth:`test_three`), the " +"specifier ``'SampleTests.SampleTestCase'`` would cause this method to return" +" a suite which will run all three test methods. Using the specifier " +"``'SampleTests.SampleTestCase.test_two'`` would cause it to return a test " +"suite which will run only the :meth:`test_two` test method. The specifier " +"can refer to modules and packages which have not been imported; they will be" +" imported as a side-effect." +msgstr "" +"举例来说，如果你有一个模块 :mod:`SampleTests`，其中包含一个派生自 :class:`TestCase` 的类 " +":class:`SampleTestCase`，其中包含三个测试方法 (:meth:`test_one`, :meth:`test_two` 和 " +":meth:`test_three`)。 则描述名称 ``'SampleTests.SampleTestCase'`` " +"将使此方法返回一个测试套件，它将运行全部三个测试方法。 使用描述名称 ``'SampleTests.SampleTestCase.test_two'``" +" 将使它返回一个测试套件，它将仅运行 :meth:`test_two` 测试方法。 描述名称可以指向尚未被导入的模块和包；它们将作为附带影响被导入。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1852 +msgid "The method optionally resolves *name* relative to the given *module*." +msgstr "本模块可以选择相对于给定的 *module* 来解析 *name*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1854 +msgid "" +"If an :exc:`ImportError` or :exc:`AttributeError` occurs while traversing " +"*name* then a synthetic test that raises that error when run will be " +"returned. These errors are included in the errors accumulated by " +"self.errors." +msgstr "" +"如果在遍历 *name* 时发生了 :exc:`ImportError` 或 :exc:`AttributeError` " +"则在运行时引发该错误的合成测试将被返回。 这些错误被包括在由 self.errors 所积累的错误中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1863 +msgid "" +"Similar to :meth:`loadTestsFromName`, but takes a sequence of names rather " +"than a single name. The return value is a test suite which supports all the" +" tests defined for each name." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`loadTestsFromName`，但是接受一个名称序列而不是单个名称。 " +"返回值是一个测试套件，它支持为每个名称所定义的所有测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"Return a sorted sequence of method names found within *testCaseClass*; this " +"should be a subclass of :class:`TestCase`." +msgstr "返回由 *testCaseClass* 中找到的方法名称组成的已排序的序列；这应当是 :class:`TestCase` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1876 +msgid "" +"Find all the test modules by recursing into subdirectories from the " +"specified start directory, and return a TestSuite object containing them. " +"Only test files that match *pattern* will be loaded. (Using shell style " +"pattern matching.) Only module names that are importable (i.e. are valid " +"Python identifiers) will be loaded." +msgstr "" +"通过从指定的开始目录向其子目录递归来找出所有测试模块，并返回一个包含该结果的 TestSuite 对象。 只有与 *pattern* " +"匹配的测试文件才会被加载。 （使用 shell 风格的模式匹配。） 只有可导入的模块名称（即有效的 Python 标识符）将会被加载。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1882 +msgid "" +"All test modules must be importable from the top level of the project. If " +"the start directory is not the top level directory then *top_level_dir* must" +" be specified separately." +msgstr "所有测试模块都必须可以从项目的最高层级上导入。 如果起始目录不是最高层级则必须单独指明 *top_level_dir*。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1886 +msgid "" +"If importing a module fails, for example due to a syntax error, then this " +"will be recorded as a single error and discovery will continue. If the " +"import failure is due to :exc:`SkipTest` being raised, it will be recorded " +"as a skip instead of an error." +msgstr "" +"如果导入某个模块失败，比如因为存在语法错误，则会将其记录为单独的错误并将继续查找模块。 如果导入失败是因为引发了 " +":exc:`SkipTest`，则会将其记录为跳过而不是错误。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1891 +msgid "" +"If a package (a directory containing a file named :file:`__init__.py`) is " +"found, the package will be checked for a ``load_tests`` function. If this " +"exists then it will be called ``package.load_tests(loader, tests, " +"pattern)``. Test discovery takes care to ensure that a package is only " +"checked for tests once during an invocation, even if the load_tests function" +" itself calls ``loader.discover``." +msgstr "" +"如果找到了一个包（即包含名为 :file:`__init__.py` 的文件的目录），则将在包中查找 ``load_tests`` 函数。 " +"如果存在此函数则将对其执行调用 ``package.load_tests(loader, tests, pattern)``。 " +"测试发现操作会确保在执行期间仅检查测试一次，即使 load_tests 函数本身调用了 ``loader.discover`` 也是如此。." + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1899 +msgid "" +"If ``load_tests`` exists then discovery does *not* recurse into the package," +" ``load_tests`` is responsible for loading all tests in the package." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``load_tests`` 存在则发现操作 *不会* 对包执行递归处理，``load_tests`` 将负责加载包中的所有测试。is " +"responsible for loading all tests in the package." + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"The pattern is deliberately not stored as a loader attribute so that " +"packages can continue discovery themselves." +msgstr "该模式故意不被保存为加载器属性以使得包可以继续发自其自身。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1906 +msgid "" +"*top_level_dir* is stored internally, and used as a default to any nested " +"calls to ``discover()``. That is, if a package's ``load_tests`` calls " +"``loader.discover()``, it does not need to pass this argument." +msgstr "" +"*top_level_dir* 是在内部保存的，并被用作任何对 ``discover()`` 的嵌套调用的默认值。 也就是说，如果一个包的 " +"``load_tests`` 调用了 ``loader.discover()``，则无需传递此参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1910 +msgid "*start_dir* can be a dotted module name as well as a directory." +msgstr "*start_dir* 可以是一个带点号的名称或是一个目录。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1914 +msgid "" +"Modules that raise :exc:`SkipTest` on import are recorded as skips, not " +"errors." +msgstr "在导入时引发 :exc:`SkipTest` 的模块会被记录为跳过，而不是错误。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1918 +msgid "*start_dir* can be a :term:`namespace packages `." +msgstr "*start_dir* 可以是一个 :term:`命名空间包 `。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1921 +msgid "" +"Paths are sorted before being imported so that execution order is the same " +"even if the underlying file system's ordering is not dependent on file name." +msgstr "路径在被导入之前会先被排序以使得执行顺序保持一致，即使下层文件系统的顺序不是取决于文件名的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1926 +msgid "" +"Found packages are now checked for ``load_tests`` regardless of whether " +"their path matches *pattern*, because it is impossible for a package name to" +" match the default pattern." +msgstr "现在 ``load_tests`` 会检查已找到的包，无论它们的路径是否与 *pattern* 匹配，因为包名称是无法与默认的模式匹配的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1931 +msgid "" +"*start_dir* can not be a :term:`namespace packages `. It " +"has been broken since Python 3.7 and Python 3.11 officially remove it." +msgstr "" +"*start_dir* 不可以为 :term:`命名空间包 `。 它自 Python 3.7 开始已不可用而 " +"Python 3.11 正式将其移除。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1935 +msgid "*top_level_dir* is only stored for the duration of *discover* call." +msgstr "*top_level_dir* 仅会在 *discover* 调用期间被保存。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1939 +msgid "" +"The following attributes of a :class:`TestLoader` can be configured either " +"by subclassing or assignment on an instance:" +msgstr ":class:`TestLoader` 的下列属性可通过子类化或在实例上赋值来配置:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"String giving the prefix of method names which will be interpreted as test " +"methods. The default value is ``'test'``." +msgstr "给出将被解读为测试方法的方法名称的前缀的字符串。 默认值为 ``'test'``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1948 +msgid "" +"This affects :meth:`getTestCaseNames` and all the ``loadTestsFrom*`` " +"methods." +msgstr "这会影响 :meth:`getTestCaseNames` 以及所有 ``loadTestsFrom*`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"Function to be used to compare method names when sorting them in " +":meth:`getTestCaseNames` and all the ``loadTestsFrom*`` methods." +msgstr "" +"将被用来在 :meth:`getTestCaseNames` 以及所有 ``loadTestsFrom*`` 方法中比较方法名称以便对它们进行排序。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1960 +msgid "" +"Callable object that constructs a test suite from a list of tests. No " +"methods on the resulting object are needed. The default value is the " +":class:`TestSuite` class." +msgstr "根据一个测试列表来构造测试套件的可调用对象。 不需要结果对象上的任何方法。 默认值为 :class:`TestSuite` 类。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1964 ../../library/unittest.rst:1977 +msgid "This affects all the ``loadTestsFrom*`` methods." +msgstr "这会影响所有 ``loadTestsFrom*`` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"List of Unix shell-style wildcard test name patterns that test methods have " +"to match to be included in test suites (see ``-k`` option)." +msgstr "由 Unix shell 风格通配符的测试名称模式组成的列表，供测试方法进行匹配以包括在测试套件中 （参见 ``-k`` 选项）。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1971 +msgid "" +"If this attribute is not ``None`` (the default), all test methods to be " +"included in test suites must match one of the patterns in this list. Note " +"that matches are always performed using :meth:`fnmatch.fnmatchcase`, so " +"unlike patterns passed to the ``-k`` option, simple substring patterns will " +"have to be converted using ``*`` wildcards." +msgstr "" +"如果该属性不为 ``None`` (默认值)，则将要包括在测试套件中的所有测试方法都必须匹配该列表中的某个模式。 请注意匹配总是使用 " +":meth:`fnmatch.fnmatchcase`，因此不同于传给 ``-k`` 选项的模式，简单的子字符串模式将必须使用 ``*`` " +"通配符来进行转换。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1984 +msgid "" +"This class is used to compile information about which tests have succeeded " +"and which have failed." +msgstr "这个类被用于编译有关哪些测试执行成功而哪些失败的信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"A :class:`TestResult` object stores the results of a set of tests. The " +":class:`TestCase` and :class:`TestSuite` classes ensure that results are " +"properly recorded; test authors do not need to worry about recording the " +"outcome of tests." +msgstr "" +"存放一组测试的结果的 :class:`TestResult` 对象。 :class:`TestCase` 和 :class:`TestSuite` " +"类将确保结果被正确地记录；测试创建者无须担心如何记录测试的结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1992 +msgid "" +"Testing frameworks built on top of :mod:`unittest` may want access to the " +":class:`TestResult` object generated by running a set of tests for reporting" +" purposes; a :class:`TestResult` instance is returned by the " +":meth:`TestRunner.run` method for this purpose." +msgstr "" +"建立在 :mod:`unittest` 之上的测试框架可能会想要访问通过运行一组测试所产生的 :class:`TestResult` " +"对象用来报告信息；:meth:`TestRunner.run` 方法是出于这个目的而返回 :class:`TestResult` 实例的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:1997 +msgid "" +":class:`TestResult` instances have the following attributes that will be of " +"interest when inspecting the results of running a set of tests:" +msgstr ":class:`TestResult` 实例具有下列属性，在检查运行一组测试的结果的时候很有用处。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2003 +msgid "" +"A list containing 2-tuples of :class:`TestCase` instances and strings " +"holding formatted tracebacks. Each tuple represents a test which raised an " +"unexpected exception." +msgstr "" +"一个包含 :class:`TestCase` 实例和保存了格式化回溯信息的字符串 2 元组的列表。 每个元组代表一个引发了非预期的异常的测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2009 +msgid "" +"A list containing 2-tuples of :class:`TestCase` instances and strings " +"holding formatted tracebacks. Each tuple represents a test where a failure " +"was explicitly signalled using the :ref:`assert\\* methods `." +msgstr "" +"一个包含 :class:`TestCase` 实例和保存了格式化回溯信息的字符串的 2 元组的列表。 每个元素代表一个使用 " +":ref:`assert\\* 方法 ` 显式地发出失败信号的测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2015 +msgid "" +"A list containing 2-tuples of :class:`TestCase` instances and strings " +"holding the reason for skipping the test." +msgstr "一个包含 2-tuples of :class:`TestCase` 实例和保存了跳过测试原因的字符串 2 元组的列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2022 +msgid "" +"A list containing 2-tuples of :class:`TestCase` instances and strings " +"holding formatted tracebacks. Each tuple represents an expected failure or " +"error of the test case." +msgstr "" +"一个包含 :class:`TestCase` 实例和保存了格式化回溯信息的 2 元组的列表。 每个元组代表测试用例的一个已预期的失败或错误。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2028 +msgid "" +"A list containing :class:`TestCase` instances that were marked as expected " +"failures, but succeeded." +msgstr "一个包含被标记为已预期失败，但却测试成功的 :class:`TestCase` 实例的列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2033 +msgid "" +"A list containing 2-tuples of test case names and floats representing the " +"elapsed time of each test which was run." +msgstr "一个包含测试用例名称和代表所运行的每个测试所用时间的浮点数 2 元组的列表。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2040 +msgid "" +"Set to ``True`` when the execution of tests should stop by :meth:`stop`." +msgstr "当测试的执行应当被 :meth:`stop` 停止时则设为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2044 +msgid "The total number of tests run so far." +msgstr "目前已运行的测试的总数量。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2048 +msgid "" +"If set to true, ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` will be buffered in " +"between :meth:`startTest` and :meth:`stopTest` being called. Collected " +"output will only be echoed onto the real ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` " +"if the test fails or errors. Any output is also attached to the failure / " +"error message." +msgstr "" +"如果设为真值，``sys.stdout`` 和 ``sys.stderr`` 将在 :meth:`startTest` 和 " +":meth:`stopTest` 被调用之间被缓冲。 被收集的输出将仅在测试失败或发生错误时才会被回显到真正的 ``sys.stdout`` 和 " +"``sys.stderr``。 任何输出还会被附加到失败/错误消息中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2057 +msgid "" +"If set to true :meth:`stop` will be called on the first failure or error, " +"halting the test run." +msgstr "如果设为真值则 :meth:`stop` 将在首次失败或错误时被调用，停止测试运行。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2064 +msgid "If set to true then local variables will be shown in tracebacks." +msgstr "如果设为真值则局部变量将被显示在回溯信息中。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2070 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if all tests run so far have passed, otherwise returns " +"``False``." +msgstr "如果当前所有测试都已通过则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2073 +msgid "" +"Returns ``False`` if there were any :attr:`unexpectedSuccesses` from tests " +"marked with the :func:`expectedFailure` decorator." +msgstr "" +"如果有任何来自测试的 :attr:`unexpectedSuccesses` 被 :func:`expectedFailure` 装饰器所标记则返回 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2079 +msgid "" +"This method can be called to signal that the set of tests being run should " +"be aborted by setting the :attr:`shouldStop` attribute to ``True``. " +":class:`TestRunner` objects should respect this flag and return without " +"running any additional tests." +msgstr "" +"此方法可被调用以提示正在运行的测试集要将 :attr:`shouldStop` 属性设为 ``True`` 来表示其应当被中止。 " +":class:`TestRunner` 对象应当认同此旗标并返回而不再运行任何额外的测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2084 +msgid "" +"For example, this feature is used by the :class:`TextTestRunner` class to " +"stop the test framework when the user signals an interrupt from the " +"keyboard. Interactive tools which provide :class:`TestRunner` " +"implementations can use this in a similar manner." +msgstr "" +"例如，该特性会被 :class:`TextTestRunner` 类用来在当用户从键盘发出一个中断信号时停止测试框架。 提供了 " +":class:`TestRunner` 实现的交互式工具也可通过类似方式来使用该特性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2089 +msgid "" +"The following methods of the :class:`TestResult` class are used to maintain " +"the internal data structures, and may be extended in subclasses to support " +"additional reporting requirements. This is particularly useful in building " +"tools which support interactive reporting while tests are being run." +msgstr "" +":class:`TestResult` 类的下列方法被用于维护内部数据结构，并可在子类中被扩展以支持额外的报告需求。 " +"这特别适用于构建支持在运行测试时提供交互式报告的工具。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2097 +msgid "Called when the test case *test* is about to be run." +msgstr "当测试用例 *test* 即将运行时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2101 +msgid "" +"Called after the test case *test* has been executed, regardless of the " +"outcome." +msgstr "在测试用例 *test* 已经执行后被调用，无论其结果如何。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2106 +msgid "Called once before any tests are executed." +msgstr "在任何测试被执行之前被调用一次。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2113 +msgid "Called once after all tests are executed." +msgstr "在所有测试被执行之后被调用一次。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2120 +msgid "" +"Called when the test case *test* raises an unexpected exception. *err* is a " +"tuple of the form returned by :func:`sys.exc_info`: ``(type, value, " +"traceback)``." +msgstr "" +"当测试用例 *test* 引发了非预期的异常时将被调用。 *err* 是一个元组，其形式与 :func:`sys.exc_info` 的返回值相同: " +"``(type, value, traceback)``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"The default implementation appends a tuple ``(test, formatted_err)`` to the " +"instance's :attr:`errors` attribute, where *formatted_err* is a formatted " +"traceback derived from *err*." +msgstr "" +"默认实现会将一个元组 ``(test, formatted_err)`` 添加到实例的 :attr:`errors` 属性，其中 " +"*formatted_err* 是派生自 *err* 的已格式化回溯信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2131 +msgid "" +"Called when the test case *test* signals a failure. *err* is a tuple of the " +"form returned by :func:`sys.exc_info`: ``(type, value, traceback)``." +msgstr "" +"当测试用例 *test* 发出了失败信号时将被调用。 *err* 是一个元组，其形式与 :func:`sys.exc_info` 的返回值相同: " +"``(type, value, traceback)``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2134 +msgid "" +"The default implementation appends a tuple ``(test, formatted_err)`` to the " +"instance's :attr:`failures` attribute, where *formatted_err* is a formatted " +"traceback derived from *err*." +msgstr "" +"默认实现会将一个元组 ``(test, formatted_err)`` 添加到实例的 :attr:`failures` 属性，其中 " +"*formatted_err* 是派生自 *err* 的已格式化回溯信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2141 +msgid "Called when the test case *test* succeeds." +msgstr "当测试用例 *test* 成功时被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2143 +msgid "The default implementation does nothing." +msgstr "默认实现将不做任何操作。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2148 +msgid "" +"Called when the test case *test* is skipped. *reason* is the reason the " +"test gave for skipping." +msgstr "当测试用例 *test* 被跳过时将被调用。 *reason* 是给出的跳过测试的理由。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2151 +msgid "" +"The default implementation appends a tuple ``(test, reason)`` to the " +"instance's :attr:`skipped` attribute." +msgstr "默认实现会将一个元组 ``(test, reason)`` 添加到实例的 :attr:`skipped` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2157 +msgid "" +"Called when the test case *test* fails or errors, but was marked with the " +":func:`expectedFailure` decorator." +msgstr "当测试用例 *test* 失败或发生错误，但是使用了 :func:`expectedFailure` 装饰器来标记时将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2160 +msgid "" +"The default implementation appends a tuple ``(test, formatted_err)`` to the " +"instance's :attr:`expectedFailures` attribute, where *formatted_err* is a " +"formatted traceback derived from *err*." +msgstr "" +"默认实现会将一个元组 ``(test, formatted_err)`` 添加到实例的 :attr:`expectedFailures` 属性，其中 " +"*formatted_err* 是派生自 *err* 的已格式化回溯信息。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"Called when the test case *test* was marked with the :func:`expectedFailure`" +" decorator, but succeeded." +msgstr "" +"当测试用例 *test* 使用了was marked with the :func:`expectedFailure` " +"装饰器来标记，但是却执行成功时将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"The default implementation appends the test to the instance's " +":attr:`unexpectedSuccesses` attribute." +msgstr "默认实现会将该测试添加到实例的 :attr:`unexpectedSuccesses` 属性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2176 +msgid "" +"Called when a subtest finishes. *test* is the test case corresponding to " +"the test method. *subtest* is a custom :class:`TestCase` instance " +"describing the subtest." +msgstr "" +"当一个子测试结束时将被调用。 *test* 是对应于该测试方法的测试用例。 *subtest* 是一个描述该子测试的 :class:`TestCase`" +" 实例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2180 +msgid "" +"If *outcome* is :const:`None`, the subtest succeeded. Otherwise, it failed " +"with an exception where *outcome* is a tuple of the form returned by " +":func:`sys.exc_info`: ``(type, value, traceback)``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *outcome* 为 :const:`None`，则该子测试执行成功。 否则，它将失败并引发一个异常，*outcome* 是一个元组，其形式与 " +":func:`sys.exc_info` 的返回值相同: ``(type, value, traceback)``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2184 +msgid "" +"The default implementation does nothing when the outcome is a success, and " +"records subtest failures as normal failures." +msgstr "默认实现在测试结果为成功时将不做任何事，并会将子测试的失败记录为普通的失败。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2191 +msgid "" +"Called when the test case finishes. *elapsed* is the time represented in " +"seconds, and it includes the execution of cleanup functions." +msgstr "在测试用例结束时被调用。 *elapsed* 是以秒数表示的时间，并且它包括执行清理函数的时间。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2198 +msgid "" +"A concrete implementation of :class:`TestResult` used by the " +":class:`TextTestRunner`. Subclasses should accept ``**kwargs`` to ensure " +"compatibility as the interface changes." +msgstr "" +"供 :class:`TextTestRunner` 使用的 :class:`TestResult` 的具体实现。 子类应当接受 ``**kwargs``" +" 以确保在接口改变时的兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2204 +msgid "Added the *durations* keyword parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *durations* 关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2209 +msgid "" +"Instance of the :class:`TestLoader` class intended to be shared. If no " +"customization of the :class:`TestLoader` is needed, this instance can be " +"used instead of repeatedly creating new instances." +msgstr "" +"用于分享的 :class:`TestLoader` 类实例。 如果不需要自制 " +":class:`TestLoader`，则可以使用该实例而不必重复创建新的实例。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2218 +msgid "" +"A basic test runner implementation that outputs results to a stream. If " +"*stream* is ``None``, the default, :data:`sys.stderr` is used as the output " +"stream. This class has a few configurable parameters, but is essentially " +"very simple. Graphical applications which run test suites should provide " +"alternate implementations. Such implementations should accept ``**kwargs`` " +"as the interface to construct runners changes when features are added to " +"unittest." +msgstr "" +"一个将结果输出到流的基本测试运行器。 如果 *stream* 为默认的 ``None``，则会使用 :data:`sys.stderr` 作为输出流。 " +"这个类具有一些配置形参，但实际上都非常简单。 运行测试套件的图形化应用程序应当提供替代实现。 这样的实现应当在添加新特性到 unittest 时接受 " +"``**kwargs`` 作为修改构造运行器的接口。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2225 +msgid "" +"By default this runner shows :exc:`DeprecationWarning`, " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`, :exc:`ResourceWarning` and " +":exc:`ImportWarning` even if they are :ref:`ignored by default `. This behavior can be overridden using Python's :option:`!-Wd` or" +" :option:`!-Wa` options (see :ref:`Warning control `) and" +" leaving *warnings* to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下该运行器将显示 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`, :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`, " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` 和 :exc:`ImportWarning` 即使它们 :ref:`默认会被忽略 `。 此行为可使用 Python 的 :option:`!-Wd` 或 :option:`!-Wa` 选项 并将 *warnings* " +"保持为 ``None`` 来覆盖 (参见 :ref:`警告控制 `)。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2233 +msgid "Added the *warnings* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *warnings* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"The default stream is set to :data:`sys.stderr` at instantiation time rather" +" than import time." +msgstr "默认流会在实例化而不是在导入时被设为 :data:`sys.stderr`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2240 +msgid "Added the *tb_locals* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *tb_locals* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2243 +msgid "Added the *durations* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *durations* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2248 +msgid "" +"This method returns the instance of ``TestResult`` used by :meth:`run`. It " +"is not intended to be called directly, but can be overridden in subclasses " +"to provide a custom ``TestResult``." +msgstr "" +"此方法将返回由 :meth:`run` 使用的 ``TestResult`` 实例。 它不应当被直接调用，但可在子类中被重载以提供自定义的 " +"``TestResult``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2252 +msgid "" +"``_makeResult()`` instantiates the class or callable passed in the " +"``TextTestRunner`` constructor as the ``resultclass`` argument. It defaults " +"to :class:`TextTestResult` if no ``resultclass`` is provided. The result " +"class is instantiated with the following arguments::" +msgstr "" +"``_makeResult()`` 会实例化传给 ``TextTestRunner`` 构造器的 ``resultclass`` " +"参数所指定的类或可迭代对象。 如果没有提供 ``resultclass`` 则默认为 :class:`TextTestResult`。 " +"结果类会使用以下参数来实例化::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2257 +msgid "stream, descriptions, verbosity" +msgstr "stream, descriptions, verbosity" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2261 +msgid "" +"This method is the main public interface to the ``TextTestRunner``. This " +"method takes a :class:`TestSuite` or :class:`TestCase` instance. A " +":class:`TestResult` is created by calling :func:`_makeResult` and the " +"test(s) are run and the results printed to stdout." +msgstr "" +"此方法是 ``TextTestRunner`` 的主要公共接口。 此方法接受一个 :class:`TestSuite` 或 " +":class:`TestCase` 实例。 通过调用 :func:`_makeResult` 创建 :class:`TestResult` " +"来运行测试并将结果打印到标准输出。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2272 +msgid "" +"A command-line program that loads a set of tests from *module* and runs " +"them; this is primarily for making test modules conveniently executable. The" +" simplest use for this function is to include the following line at the end " +"of a test script::" +msgstr "" +"从 *module* 加载一组测试并运行它们的命令行程序；这主要是为了让测试模块能方便地执行。 此函数的最简单用法是在测试脚本末尾包括下列行::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2277 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main()" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2280 +msgid "" +"You can run tests with more detailed information by passing in the verbosity" +" argument::" +msgstr "你可以通过传入冗余参数运行测试以获得更详细的信息::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2283 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main(verbosity=2)" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" unittest.main(verbosity=2)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2286 +msgid "" +"The *defaultTest* argument is either the name of a single test or an " +"iterable of test names to run if no test names are specified via *argv*. If" +" not specified or ``None`` and no test names are provided via *argv*, all " +"tests found in *module* are run." +msgstr "" +"*defaultTest* 参数是要运行的单个测试名称，或者如果未通过 *argv* 指定任何测试名称则是包含多个测试名称的可迭代对象。 如果未指定或为" +" ``None`` 且未通过 *argv* 指定任何测试名称，则会运行在 *module* 中找到的所有测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2291 +msgid "" +"The *argv* argument can be a list of options passed to the program, with the" +" first element being the program name. If not specified or ``None``, the " +"values of :data:`sys.argv` are used." +msgstr "" +"*argv* 参数可以是传给程序的选项列表，其中第一个元素是程序名。 如未指定或为 ``None``，则会使用 :data:`sys.argv` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2295 +msgid "" +"The *testRunner* argument can either be a test runner class or an already " +"created instance of it. By default ``main`` calls :func:`sys.exit` with an " +"exit code indicating success (0) or failure (1) of the tests run. An exit " +"code of 5 indicates that no tests were run or skipped." +msgstr "" +"*testRunner* 参数可以是一个测试运行器类或是其已创建的实例。 在默认情况下 ``main`` 会调用 :func:`sys.exit` " +"并附带一个退出码来指明测试运行是成功 (0) 还是失败 (1)。 退出码为 5 表示没有运行或跳过任何测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2300 +msgid "" +"The *testLoader* argument has to be a :class:`TestLoader` instance, and " +"defaults to :data:`defaultTestLoader`." +msgstr "" +"*testLoader* 参数必须是一个 :class:`TestLoader` 实例，其默认值为 :data:`defaultTestLoader`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2303 +msgid "" +"``main`` supports being used from the interactive interpreter by passing in " +"the argument ``exit=False``. This displays the result on standard output " +"without calling :func:`sys.exit`::" +msgstr "" +"``main`` 支持通过传入 ``exit=False`` 参数以便在交互式解释器中使用。 这将在标准输出中显示结果而不调用 " +":func:`sys.exit`::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2307 +msgid "" +">>> from unittest import main\n" +">>> main(module='test_module', exit=False)" +msgstr "" +">>> from unittest import main\n" +">>> main(module='test_module', exit=False)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2310 +msgid "" +"The *failfast*, *catchbreak* and *buffer* parameters have the same effect as" +" the same-name `command-line options`_." +msgstr "" +"*failfast*, *catchbreak* 和 *buffer* 形参的效果与同名的 `command-line options`_ 一致。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2313 +msgid "" +"The *warnings* argument specifies the :ref:`warning filter `" +" that should be used while running the tests. If it's not specified, it " +"will remain ``None`` if a :option:`!-W` option is passed to " +":program:`python` (see :ref:`Warning control `), " +"otherwise it will be set to ``'default'``." +msgstr "" +"*warnings* 参数指定在运行测试时所应使用的 :ref:`警告过滤器 `。 如果未指定，则默认的 " +"``None`` 会在将 :option:`!-W` 选项传给 :program:`python` 命令时被保留 (参见 :ref:`警告控制 " +"`)，而在其他情况下将被设为 ``'default'``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2319 +msgid "" +"Calling ``main`` returns an object with the ``result`` attribute that " +"contains the result of the tests run as a :class:`unittest.TestResult`." +msgstr "" +"调用 ``main`` 将返回一个带有 ``result`` 属性的对象，该属性包含 :class:`unittest.TestResult` " +"形式的测试运行结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2322 +msgid "The *exit* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *exit* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2325 +msgid "" +"The *verbosity*, *failfast*, *catchbreak*, *buffer* and *warnings* " +"parameters were added." +msgstr "增加了 *verbosity*, *failfast*, *catchbreak*, *buffer* 和 *warnings* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2329 +msgid "" +"The *defaultTest* parameter was changed to also accept an iterable of test " +"names." +msgstr "*defaultTest* 形参被修改为也接受一个由测试名称组成的迭代器。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2337 +msgid "load_tests Protocol" +msgstr "load_tests 协议" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2341 +msgid "" +"Modules or packages can customize how tests are loaded from them during " +"normal test runs or test discovery by implementing a function called " +"``load_tests``." +msgstr "模块或包可以通过实现一个名为 ``load_tests`` 的函数来定制在正常测试运行或测试发现期间要如何从中加载测试。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2344 +msgid "" +"If a test module defines ``load_tests`` it will be called by " +":meth:`TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule` with the following arguments::" +msgstr "" +"如果一个测试模块定义了 ``load_tests`` 则它将被 :meth:`TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule` " +"调用并传入下列参数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2347 ../../library/unittest.rst:2379 +msgid "load_tests(loader, standard_tests, pattern)" +msgstr "load_tests(loader, standard_tests, pattern)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2349 +msgid "" +"where *pattern* is passed straight through from ``loadTestsFromModule``. It" +" defaults to ``None``." +msgstr "其中 *pattern* 会通过 ``loadTestsFromModule`` 传入。 它的默认值为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2352 +msgid "It should return a :class:`TestSuite`." +msgstr "它应当返回一个 :class:`TestSuite`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2354 +msgid "" +"*loader* is the instance of :class:`TestLoader` doing the loading. " +"*standard_tests* are the tests that would be loaded by default from the " +"module. It is common for test modules to only want to add or remove tests " +"from the standard set of tests. The third argument is used when loading " +"packages as part of test discovery." +msgstr "" +"*loader* 是执行载入操作的 :class:`TestLoader` 实例。 *standard_tests* 是默认要从该模块载入的测试。 " +"测试模块通常只需从标准测试集中添加或移除测试。 第三个参数是在作为测试发现的一部分载入包时使用的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2360 +msgid "" +"A typical ``load_tests`` function that loads tests from a specific set of " +":class:`TestCase` classes may look like::" +msgstr "一个从指定 :class:`TestCase` 类集合中载入测试的 ``load_tests`` 函数看起来可能是这样的::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2363 +msgid "" +"test_cases = (TestCase1, TestCase2, TestCase3)\n" +"\n" +"def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):\n" +" suite = TestSuite()\n" +" for test_class in test_cases:\n" +" tests = loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_class)\n" +" suite.addTests(tests)\n" +" return suite" +msgstr "" +"test_cases = (TestCase1, TestCase2, TestCase3)\n" +"\n" +"def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):\n" +" suite = TestSuite()\n" +" for test_class in test_cases:\n" +" tests = loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_class)\n" +" suite.addTests(tests)\n" +" return suite" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2372 +msgid "" +"If discovery is started in a directory containing a package, either from the" +" command line or by calling :meth:`TestLoader.discover`, then the package " +":file:`__init__.py` will be checked for ``load_tests``. If that function " +"does not exist, discovery will recurse into the package as though it were " +"just another directory. Otherwise, discovery of the package's tests will be" +" left up to ``load_tests`` which is called with the following arguments::" +msgstr "" +"如果发现操作是在一个包含包的目录中开始的，不论是通过命令行还是通过调用 :meth:`TestLoader.discover`，则将在包 " +":file:`__init__.py` 中检查 ``load_tests``。 如果不存在此函数，则发现将在包内部执行递归，就像它是另一个目录一样。 " +"在其他情况下，包中测试的发现操作将留给 ``load_tests`` 执行，它将附带下列参数被调用::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2381 +msgid "" +"This should return a :class:`TestSuite` representing all the tests from the " +"package. (``standard_tests`` will only contain tests collected from " +":file:`__init__.py`.)" +msgstr "" +"这应当返回代表包中所有测试的 :class:`TestSuite`。 (``standard_tests`` 将只包含从 " +":file:`__init__.py` 获取的测试。)" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2385 +msgid "" +"Because the pattern is passed into ``load_tests`` the package is free to " +"continue (and potentially modify) test discovery. A 'do nothing' " +"``load_tests`` function for a test package would look like::" +msgstr "" +"因为模式已被传入 ``load_tests`` 所以包可以自由地继续（还可能修改）测试发现操作。 针对一个测试包的 '无操作' " +"``load_tests`` 函数看起来是这样的::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2389 +msgid "" +"def load_tests(loader, standard_tests, pattern):\n" +" # top level directory cached on loader instance\n" +" this_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n" +" package_tests = loader.discover(start_dir=this_dir, pattern=pattern)\n" +" standard_tests.addTests(package_tests)\n" +" return standard_tests" +msgstr "" +"def load_tests(loader, standard_tests, pattern):\n" +" # 在加载器实例上缓存的最高层级目录\n" +" this_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)\n" +" package_tests = loader.discover(start_dir=this_dir, pattern=pattern)\n" +" standard_tests.addTests(package_tests)\n" +" return standard_tests" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2396 +msgid "" +"Discovery no longer checks package names for matching *pattern* due to the " +"impossibility of package names matching the default pattern." +msgstr "发现操作不会再检查包名称是否匹配 *pattern*，因为包名称不可能匹配默认的模式。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2403 +msgid "Class and Module Fixtures" +msgstr "类与模块设定" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2405 +msgid "" +"Class and module level fixtures are implemented in :class:`TestSuite`. When " +"the test suite encounters a test from a new class then :meth:`tearDownClass`" +" from the previous class (if there is one) is called, followed by " +":meth:`setUpClass` from the new class." +msgstr "" +"类与模块设定是在 :class:`TestSuite` 中实现的。 当测试套件遇到来自新类的测试时则来自之前的类（如果存在）的 " +":meth:`tearDownClass` 会被调用，然后再调用来自新类的 :meth:`setUpClass`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2410 +msgid "" +"Similarly if a test is from a different module from the previous test then " +"``tearDownModule`` from the previous module is run, followed by " +"``setUpModule`` from the new module." +msgstr "" +"类似地如果测试是来自之前的测试的另一个模块则来自之前模块的 ``tearDownModule`` 将被运行，然后再运行来自新模块的 " +"``setUpModule``。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2414 +msgid "" +"After all the tests have run the final ``tearDownClass`` and " +"``tearDownModule`` are run." +msgstr "在所有测试运行完毕后最终的 ``tearDownClass`` 和 ``tearDownModule`` 将被运行。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2417 +msgid "" +"Note that shared fixtures do not play well with [potential] features like " +"test parallelization and they break test isolation. They should be used with" +" care." +msgstr "请注意共享设定不适用于一些 [潜在的] 特性例如测试并行化并且它们会破坏测试隔离。 它们应当被谨慎地使用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2420 +msgid "" +"The default ordering of tests created by the unittest test loaders is to " +"group all tests from the same modules and classes together. This will lead " +"to ``setUpClass`` / ``setUpModule`` (etc) being called exactly once per " +"class and module. If you randomize the order, so that tests from different " +"modules and classes are adjacent to each other, then these shared fixture " +"functions may be called multiple times in a single test run." +msgstr "" +"由 unittest 测试加载器创建的测试的默认顺序是将所有来自相同模块和类的测试归入相同分组。 这将导致 ``setUpClass`` / " +"``setUpModule`` (等) 对于每个类和模块都恰好被调用一次。 " +"如果你将顺序随机化，以便使得来自不同模块和类的测试彼此相邻，那么这些共享的设定函数就可能会在一次测试运行中被多次调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2427 +msgid "" +"Shared fixtures are not intended to work with suites with non-standard " +"ordering. A ``BaseTestSuite`` still exists for frameworks that don't want to" +" support shared fixtures." +msgstr "共享的设定不适用与非标准顺序的套件。 对于不想支持共享设定的框架来说 ``BaseTestSuite`` 仍然可用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2431 +msgid "" +"If there are any exceptions raised during one of the shared fixture " +"functions the test is reported as an error. Because there is no " +"corresponding test instance an ``_ErrorHolder`` object (that has the same " +"interface as a :class:`TestCase`) is created to represent the error. If you " +"are just using the standard unittest test runner then this detail doesn't " +"matter, but if you are a framework author it may be relevant." +msgstr "" +"如果在共享的设定函数中引发了任何异常则测试将被报告错误。 因为没有对应的测试实例，所以会创建一个 ``_ErrorHolder`` 对象（它具有与 " +":class:`TestCase` 相同的接口）来代表该错误。 如果你只是使用标准 unittest " +"测试运行器那么这个细节并不重要，但是如果你是一个框架开发者那么这可能会有关系。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2440 +msgid "setUpClass and tearDownClass" +msgstr "setUpClass 和 tearDownClass" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2442 +msgid "These must be implemented as class methods::" +msgstr "这些必须被实现为类方法::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2444 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class Test(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def setUpClass(cls):\n" +" cls._connection = createExpensiveConnectionObject()\n" +"\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def tearDownClass(cls):\n" +" cls._connection.destroy()" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class Test(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def setUpClass(cls):\n" +" cls._connection = createExpensiveConnectionObject()\n" +"\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def tearDownClass(cls):\n" +" cls._connection.destroy()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2455 +msgid "" +"If you want the ``setUpClass`` and ``tearDownClass`` on base classes called " +"then you must call up to them yourself. The implementations in " +":class:`TestCase` are empty." +msgstr "" +"如果你希望在基类上的 ``setUpClass`` 和 ``tearDownClass`` 被调用则你必须自己去调用它们。 在 " +":class:`TestCase` 中的实现是空的。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2459 +msgid "" +"If an exception is raised during a ``setUpClass`` then the tests in the " +"class are not run and the ``tearDownClass`` is not run. Skipped classes will" +" not have ``setUpClass`` or ``tearDownClass`` run. If the exception is a " +":exc:`SkipTest` exception then the class will be reported as having been " +"skipped instead of as an error." +msgstr "" +"如果在 ``setUpClass`` 中引发了异常则类中的测试将不会被运行并且 ``tearDownClass`` 也不会被运行。 跳过的类中的 " +"``setUpClass`` 或 ``tearDownClass`` 将不会被运行。 如果引发的异常是 :exc:`SkipTest` " +"异常则类将被报告为已跳过而非发生错误。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2467 +msgid "setUpModule and tearDownModule" +msgstr "setUpModule 和 tearDownModule" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2469 +msgid "These should be implemented as functions::" +msgstr "这些应当被实现为函数::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2471 +msgid "" +"def setUpModule():\n" +" createConnection()\n" +"\n" +"def tearDownModule():\n" +" closeConnection()" +msgstr "" +"def setUpModule():\n" +" createConnection()\n" +"\n" +"def tearDownModule():\n" +" closeConnection()" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2477 +msgid "" +"If an exception is raised in a ``setUpModule`` then none of the tests in the" +" module will be run and the ``tearDownModule`` will not be run. If the " +"exception is a :exc:`SkipTest` exception then the module will be reported as" +" having been skipped instead of as an error." +msgstr "" +"如果在 ``setUpModule`` 中引发了异常则模块中的任何测试都将不会被运行并且 ``tearDownModule`` 也不会被运行。 " +"如果引发的异常是 :exc:`SkipTest` 异常则模块将被报告为已跳过而非发生错误。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2482 +msgid "" +"To add cleanup code that must be run even in the case of an exception, use " +"``addModuleCleanup``:" +msgstr "要添加即使在发生异常时也必须运行的清理代码，请使用 ``addModuleCleanup``:" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2488 +msgid "" +"Add a function to be called after :func:`tearDownModule` to cleanup " +"resources used during the test class. Functions will be called in reverse " +"order to the order they are added (:abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-out)`). They " +"are called with any arguments and keyword arguments passed into " +":meth:`addModuleCleanup` when they are added." +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`tearDownModule` 之后添加一个要调用的函数来清理测试类运行期间所使用的资源。 函数将按它们被添加的相反顺序被调用 " +"(:abbr:`LIFO (last-in, first-out)`)。 它们在调用时将附带它们被添加时传给 " +":meth:`addModuleCleanup` 的任何参数和关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2494 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`setUpModule` fails, meaning that :func:`tearDownModule` is not " +"called, then any cleanup functions added will still be called." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`setUpModule` 失败，即意味着 :func:`tearDownModule` 未被调用，则已添加的任何清理函数仍将被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2502 +msgid "" +"Enter the supplied :term:`context manager`. If successful, also add its " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method as a cleanup function by " +":func:`addModuleCleanup` and return the result of the " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` method." +msgstr "" +"进入所提供的 :term:`context manager`。 如果成功，还会将其 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法作为使用 " +":func:`addModuleCleanup` 的清理函数并返回 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法的结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2512 +msgid "" +"This function is called unconditionally after :func:`tearDownModule`, or " +"after :func:`setUpModule` if :func:`setUpModule` raises an exception." +msgstr "" +"此函数会在 :func:`tearDownModule` 之后无条件地被调用，或者如果 :func:`setUpModule` 引发了异常则会在 " +":func:`setUpModule` 之后被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2515 +msgid "" +"It is responsible for calling all the cleanup functions added by " +":func:`addModuleCleanup`. If you need cleanup functions to be called *prior*" +" to :func:`tearDownModule` then you can call :func:`doModuleCleanups` " +"yourself." +msgstr "" +"它将负责调用由It is responsible for calling all the cleanup functions added by " +":func:`addModuleCleanup` 添加的所有清理函数。 如果你需要在 :func:`tearDownModule` *之前* " +"调用清理函数则可以自行调用 :func:`doModuleCleanups`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2520 +msgid "" +":func:`doModuleCleanups` pops methods off the stack of cleanup functions one" +" at a time, so it can be called at any time." +msgstr ":func:`doModuleCleanups` 每次会弹出清理函数栈中的一个方法，因此它可以在任何时候被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2527 +msgid "Signal Handling" +msgstr "信号处理" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2531 +msgid "" +"The :option:`-c/--catch ` command-line option to unittest, " +"along with the ``catchbreak`` parameter to :func:`unittest.main`, provide " +"more friendly handling of control-C during a test run. With catch break " +"behavior enabled control-C will allow the currently running test to " +"complete, and the test run will then end and report all the results so far. " +"A second control-c will raise a :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` in the usual way." +msgstr "" +"用于 unittest 的 :option:`-c/--catch ` 命令行选项，加上传给 " +":func:`unittest.main` 的 ``catchbreak`` 形参，提供了在测试运行期间处理 Ctrl-C 的更友好方式。 " +"在捕获中断行为被启用时 Ctrl-C 将允许当前运行的测试能够完成，而测试运行将随后结束并报告已有的全部结果。 第二个 Ctrl-C 将会正常地引发 " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2538 +msgid "" +"The control-c handling signal handler attempts to remain compatible with " +"code or tests that install their own :const:`signal.SIGINT` handler. If the " +"``unittest`` handler is called but *isn't* the installed " +":const:`signal.SIGINT` handler, i.e. it has been replaced by the system " +"under test and delegated to, then it calls the default handler. This will " +"normally be the expected behavior by code that replaces an installed handler" +" and delegates to it. For individual tests that need ``unittest`` control-c " +"handling disabled the :func:`removeHandler` decorator can be used." +msgstr "" +"处理 control-C 信号的处理器会尝试与安装了自定义 :const:`signal.SIGINT` 处理器的测试代码保持兼容。 如果是 " +"``unittest`` 处理器而 *不是* 已安装的 :const:`signal.SIGINT` " +"处理器被调用，即它被系统在测试的下层替换并委托处理，则它会调用默认的处理器。 这通常会是替换了已安装处理器并委托处理的代码所预期的行为。 对于需要禁用 " +"``unittest`` control-C 处理的单个测试则可以使用 :func:`removeHandler` 装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2547 +msgid "" +"There are a few utility functions for framework authors to enable control-c " +"handling functionality within test frameworks." +msgstr "还有一些工具函数让框架开发者可以在测试框架内部启用 control-C 处理功能。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2552 +msgid "" +"Install the control-c handler. When a :const:`signal.SIGINT` is received " +"(usually in response to the user pressing control-c) all registered results " +"have :meth:`~TestResult.stop` called." +msgstr "" +"安装 control-C 处理器。 当接收到 :const:`signal.SIGINT` 时（通常是响应用户按下 " +"control-C）所有已注册的结果都会执行 :meth:`~TestResult.stop` 调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2559 +msgid "" +"Register a :class:`TestResult` object for control-c handling. Registering a " +"result stores a weak reference to it, so it doesn't prevent the result from " +"being garbage collected." +msgstr "" +"注册一个 :class:`TestResult` 对象用于 control-C 的处理。 " +"注册一个结果将保存指向它的弱引用，因此这并不能防止结果被作为垃圾回收。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2563 +msgid "" +"Registering a :class:`TestResult` object has no side-effects if control-c " +"handling is not enabled, so test frameworks can unconditionally register all" +" results they create independently of whether or not handling is enabled." +msgstr "" +"如果 control-C 未被启用则注册 :class:`TestResult` " +"对象将没有任何附带影响，因此不论是否启用了该项处理测试框架都可以无条件地注册他们独立创建的所有结果。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2570 +msgid "" +"Remove a registered result. Once a result has been removed then " +":meth:`~TestResult.stop` will no longer be called on that result object in " +"response to a control-c." +msgstr "" +"移除一个已注册的结果。 一旦结果被移除则 :meth:`~TestResult.stop` 将不再会作为针对 control-C " +"的响应在结果对象上被调用。" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2577 +msgid "" +"When called without arguments this function removes the control-c handler if" +" it has been installed. This function can also be used as a test decorator " +"to temporarily remove the handler while the test is being executed::" +msgstr "" +"当不附带任何参数被调用时此函数将移除已被安装的 control-C 处理器。 此函数还可被用作测试装饰器以在测试被执行时临时性地移除处理器::" + +#: ../../library/unittest.rst:2581 +msgid "" +"@unittest.removeHandler\n" +"def test_signal_handling(self):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@unittest.removeHandler\n" +"def test_signal_handling(self):\n" +" ..." diff --git a/library/unix.po b/library/unix.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a4c20520 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/unix.po @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/unix.rst:5 +msgid "Unix Specific Services" +msgstr "Unix 专有服务" + +#: ../../library/unix.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to features that " +"are unique to the Unix operating system, or in some cases to some or many " +"variants of it. Here's an overview:" +msgstr "本章描述的模块提供了 Unix 操作系统独有特性的接口，在某些情况下也适用于它的某些或许多衍生版。 以下为模块概览：" diff --git a/library/urllib.error.po b/library/urllib.error.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae69d3cc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/urllib.error.po @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:16+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!urllib.error` --- Exception classes raised by urllib.request" +msgstr ":mod:`!urllib.error` --- 由 urllib.request 引发的异常类" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/urllib/error.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/urllib/error.py`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`urllib.error` module defines the exception classes for exceptions " +"raised by :mod:`urllib.request`. The base exception class is " +":exc:`URLError`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib.error` 模块为 :mod:`urllib.request` 所引发的异常定义了异常类。 基础异常类是 " +":exc:`URLError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:17 +msgid "" +"The following exceptions are raised by :mod:`urllib.error` as appropriate:" +msgstr "下列异常会被 :mod:`urllib.error` 按需引发：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:21 +msgid "" +"The handlers raise this exception (or derived exceptions) when they run into" +" a problem. It is a subclass of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "处理程序在遇到问题时会引发此异常（或其派生的异常）。 它是 :exc:`OSError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The reason for this error. It can be a message string or another exception " +"instance." +msgstr "此错误的原因。 它可以是一个消息字符串或另一个异常实例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:29 +msgid "" +":exc:`URLError` used to be a subtype of :exc:`IOError`, which is now an " +"alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr ":exc:`URLError` 曾经是 :exc:`IOError` 的子类型，现在它是 :exc:`OSError` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Though being an exception (a subclass of :exc:`URLError`), an " +":exc:`HTTPError` can also function as a non-exceptional file-like return " +"value (the same thing that :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` returns). This " +"is useful when handling exotic HTTP errors, such as requests for " +"authentication." +msgstr "" +"虽然是一个异常（:exc:`URLError` 的一个子类），:exc:`HTTPError` 也可以作为一个非异常的文件类返回值（与 " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` 返所回的对象相同）。 这适用于处理特殊 HTTP 错误例如作为认证请求的时候。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:44 +msgid "Contains the request URL. An alias for *filename* attribute." +msgstr "包含请求 URL。 是 *filename* 属性的别名。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:49 +msgid "" +"An HTTP status code as defined in :rfc:`2616`. This numeric value " +"corresponds to a value found in the dictionary of codes as found in " +":attr:`http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.responses`." +msgstr "" +"一个 HTTP 状态码，具体定义见 :rfc:`2616`。 这个数字的值对应于存放在 " +":attr:`http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.responses` 代码字典中的某个值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:55 +msgid "" +"This is usually a string explaining the reason for this error. An alias for " +"*msg* attribute." +msgstr "这通常是一个解释本次错误原因的字符串。 为 *msg* 属性的别名。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The HTTP response headers for the HTTP request that caused the " +":exc:`HTTPError`. An alias for *hdrs* attribute." +msgstr "导致 :exc:`HTTPError` 的特定 HTTP 请求的 HTTP 响应头。 为 *hdrs* 属性的别名。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:68 +msgid "A file-like object where the HTTP error body can be read from." +msgstr "可供读取 HTTP 错误消息体的文件型对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:72 +msgid "" +"This exception is raised when the :func:`~urllib.request.urlretrieve` " +"function detects that the amount of the downloaded data is less than the " +"expected amount (given by the *Content-Length* header)." +msgstr "" +"此异常会在 :func:`~urllib.request.urlretrieve` 函数检测到已下载的数据量少于预期量（由 *Content-" +"Length* 标头给出）时被引发。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.error.rst:79 +msgid "The downloaded (and supposedly truncated) data." +msgstr "已下载（并可能被截断）的数据。" diff --git a/library/urllib.parse.po b/library/urllib.parse.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae2f76482 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/urllib.parse.po @@ -0,0 +1,1255 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# hanfeng , 2021 +# Kade For, 2021 +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# JiaShu Xu , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:17+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!urllib.parse` --- Parse URLs into components" +msgstr ":mod:`!urllib.parse` --- 将 URL 解析为组件" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:7 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/urllib/parse.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/urllib/parse.py`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:18 +msgid "" +"This module defines a standard interface to break Uniform Resource Locator " +"(URL) strings up in components (addressing scheme, network location, path " +"etc.), to combine the components back into a URL string, and to convert a " +"\"relative URL\" to an absolute URL given a \"base URL.\"" +msgstr "" +"该模块定义了一个标准接口，用于将统一资源定位符（URL）字符串拆分为不同部分（协议、网络位置、路径等），或将各个部分组合回 URL 字符串，并将“相对 " +"URL”转换为基于给定的“基准 URL”的绝对 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The module has been designed to match the internet RFC on Relative Uniform " +"Resource Locators. It supports the following URL schemes: ``file``, ``ftp``," +" ``gopher``, ``hdl``, ``http``, ``https``, ``imap``, ``itms-services``, " +"``mailto``, ``mms``, ``news``, ``nntp``, ``prospero``, ``rsync``, ``rtsp``, " +"``rtsps``, ``rtspu``, ``sftp``, ``shttp``, ``sip``, ``sips``, ``snews``, " +"``svn``, ``svn+ssh``, ``telnet``, ``wais``, ``ws``, ``wss``." +msgstr "" +"该模块被设计为匹配针对相对统一资源定位符的互联网 RFC。 它支持下列 URL 类别: ``file``, ``ftp``, ``gopher``, " +"``hdl``, ``http``, ``https``, ``imap``, ``itms-services``, ``mailto``, " +"``mms``, ``news``, ``nntp``, ``prospero``, ``rsync``, ``rtsp``, ``rtsps``, " +"``rtspu``, ``sftp``, ``shttp``, ``sip``, ``sips``, ``snews``, ``svn``, " +"``svn+ssh``, ``telnet``, ``wais``, ``ws``, ``wss``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:32 +msgid "" +"The inclusion of the ``itms-services`` URL scheme can prevent an app from " +"passing Apple's App Store review process for the macOS and iOS App Stores. " +"Handling for the ``itms-services`` scheme is always removed on iOS; on " +"macOS, it *may* be removed if CPython has been built with the " +":option:`--with-app-store-compliance` option." +msgstr "" +"包括 ``itms-services`` URL 类别可以防止 app 为 macOS 和 iOS App 商店传递 Apple 的 App " +"商店评论进程。 对 ``itms-services`` 类别的处理在 iOS 上总是会被移除；在 macOS 上，如果 CPython 编译时附带了 " +":option:`--with-app-store-compliance` 选项则它 *可以* 被移除。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`urllib.parse` module defines functions that fall into two broad " +"categories: URL parsing and URL quoting. These are covered in detail in the " +"following sections." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib.parse` 模块定义的函数可分为两个主要门类: URL 解析和 URL 转码。 这些函数将在以下各节中详细说明。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:42 +msgid "" +"This module's functions use the deprecated term ``netloc`` (or ``net_loc``)," +" which was introduced in :rfc:`1808`. However, this term has been obsoleted " +"by :rfc:`3986`, which introduced the term ``authority`` as its replacement. " +"The use of ``netloc`` is continued for backward compatibility." +msgstr "" +"本模块的函数使用已弃用的术语 ``netloc`` (或 ``net_loc``)，它是在 :rfc:`1808` 中引入的。 但是，此术语在 " +":rfc:`3986` 引入术语 ``authority`` 作为其替代后已过时。 ``netloc`` 仅为向下兼容而继续被使用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:48 +msgid "URL Parsing" +msgstr "URL 解析" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:50 +msgid "" +"The URL parsing functions focus on splitting a URL string into its " +"components, or on combining URL components into a URL string." +msgstr "URL 解析函数用于将一个 URL 字符串分割成其组成部分，或者将 URL 的多个部分组合成一个 URL 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Parse a URL into six components, returning a 6-item :term:`named tuple`. " +"This corresponds to the general structure of a URL: " +"``scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment``. Each tuple item is a " +"string, possibly empty. The components are not broken up into smaller parts " +"(for example, the network location is a single string), and % escapes are " +"not expanded. The delimiters as shown above are not part of the result, " +"except for a leading slash in the *path* component, which is retained if " +"present. For example:" +msgstr "" +"将一个 URL 解析为六个部分，返回一个包含 6 项的 :term:`named tuple`。 这对应于 URL 的主要结构: " +"``scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment``。 每个元组项均为字符串，可能为空字符串。 " +"这些部分不会再被拆分为更小的部分（例如，netloc 将为单个字符串），并且 % 转义不会被扩展。 上面显示的分隔符不会出现在结果中，只有 *path*" +" 部分的开头斜杠例外，它如果存在则会被保留。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:64 +msgid "" +">>> from urllib.parse import urlparse\n" +">>> urlparse(\"scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment\")\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='scheme', netloc='netloc', path='/path;parameters', params='',\n" +" query='query', fragment='fragment')\n" +">>> o = urlparse(\"http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?\"\n" +"... \"highlight=params#url-parsing\")\n" +">>> o\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='docs.python.org:80',\n" +" path='/3/library/urllib.parse.html', params='',\n" +" query='highlight=params', fragment='url-parsing')\n" +">>> o.scheme\n" +"'http'\n" +">>> o.netloc\n" +"'docs.python.org:80'\n" +">>> o.hostname\n" +"'docs.python.org'\n" +">>> o.port\n" +"80\n" +">>> o._replace(fragment=\"\").geturl()\n" +"'http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?highlight=params'" +msgstr "" +">>> from urllib.parse import urlparse\n" +">>> urlparse(\"scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment\")\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='scheme', netloc='netloc', path='/path;parameters', params='',\n" +" query='query', fragment='fragment')\n" +">>> o = urlparse(\"http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?\"\n" +"... \"highlight=params#url-parsing\")\n" +">>> o\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='docs.python.org:80',\n" +" path='/3/library/urllib.parse.html', params='',\n" +" query='highlight=params', fragment='url-parsing')\n" +">>> o.scheme\n" +"'http'\n" +">>> o.netloc\n" +"'docs.python.org:80'\n" +">>> o.hostname\n" +"'docs.python.org'\n" +">>> o.port\n" +"80\n" +">>> o._replace(fragment=\"\").geturl()\n" +"'http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?highlight=params'" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Following the syntax specifications in :rfc:`1808`, urlparse recognizes a " +"netloc only if it is properly introduced by '//'. Otherwise the input is " +"presumed to be a relative URL and thus to start with a path component." +msgstr "" +"根据 :rfc:`1808` 中的语法规范，urlparse 仅在 netloc 前面正确地附带了 '//' 的情况下才会识别它。 " +"否则输入会被当作是一个相对 URL 因而以路径的组成部分开头。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:93 +msgid "" +">>> from urllib.parse import urlparse\n" +">>> urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')\n" +">>> urlparse('www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')\n" +">>> urlparse('help/Python.html')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='help/Python.html', params='',\n" +" query='', fragment='')" +msgstr "" +">>> from urllib.parse import urlparse\n" +">>> urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')\n" +">>> urlparse('www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')\n" +">>> urlparse('help/Python.html')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='help/Python.html', params='',\n" +" query='', fragment='')" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:107 +msgid "" +"The *scheme* argument gives the default addressing scheme, to be used only " +"if the URL does not specify one. It should be the same type (text or bytes)" +" as *urlstring*, except that the default value ``''`` is always allowed, and" +" is automatically converted to ``b''`` if appropriate." +msgstr "" +"*scheme* 参数给出了默认的协议，只有在 URL 未指定协议的情况下才会被使用。 它应该是与 *urlstring* " +"相同的类型（文本或字节串），除此之外默认值 ``''`` 也总是被允许，并会在适当情况下自动转换为 ``b''``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:112 +msgid "" +"If the *allow_fragments* argument is false, fragment identifiers are not " +"recognized. Instead, they are parsed as part of the path, parameters or " +"query component, and :attr:`fragment` is set to the empty string in the " +"return value." +msgstr "" +"如果 *allow_fragments* 参数为假值，则片段标识符不会被识别。 它们会被解析为路径、参数或查询部分，在返回值中 " +":attr:`fragment` 会被设为空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The return value is a :term:`named tuple`, which means that its items can be" +" accessed by index or as named attributes, which are:" +msgstr "返回值是一个 :term:`named tuple`，这意味着它的条目可以通过索引或作为命名属性来访问，这些属性是：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:121 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:310 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:432 +msgid "Attribute" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:121 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:310 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:432 +msgid "Index" +msgstr "索引" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:121 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:310 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:432 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:121 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:310 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:432 +msgid "Value if not present" +msgstr "值（如果不存在）" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:123 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:312 +msgid ":attr:`scheme`" +msgstr ":attr:`scheme`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:123 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:312 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:434 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:123 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:312 +msgid "URL scheme specifier" +msgstr "URL 协议说明符" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:123 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:312 +msgid "*scheme* parameter" +msgstr "*scheme* 参数" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:125 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:314 +msgid ":attr:`netloc`" +msgstr ":attr:`netloc`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:125 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:314 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:436 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:125 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:314 +msgid "Network location part" +msgstr "网络位置部分" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:125 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:127 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:129 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:132 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:134 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:314 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:316 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:318 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:320 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:434 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:436 +msgid "empty string" +msgstr "空字符串" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:127 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:316 +msgid ":attr:`path`" +msgstr ":attr:`path`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:127 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:316 +msgid "2" +msgstr "2" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:127 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:316 +msgid "Hierarchical path" +msgstr "分层路径" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:129 +msgid ":attr:`params`" +msgstr ":attr:`params`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:129 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:318 +msgid "3" +msgstr "3" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:129 +msgid "Parameters for last path element" +msgstr "最后路径元素的参数" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:132 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:318 +msgid ":attr:`query`" +msgstr ":attr:`query`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:132 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:320 +msgid "4" +msgstr "4" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:132 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:318 +msgid "Query component" +msgstr "查询组件" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:134 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:320 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:436 +msgid ":attr:`fragment`" +msgstr ":attr:`fragment`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:134 +msgid "5" +msgstr "5" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:134 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:320 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:436 +msgid "Fragment identifier" +msgstr "片段标识符" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:136 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:322 +msgid ":attr:`username`" +msgstr ":attr:`username`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:136 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:322 +msgid "User name" +msgstr "用户名" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:136 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:138 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:140 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:142 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:322 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:324 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:326 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:328 +msgid ":const:`None`" +msgstr ":const:`None`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:138 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:324 +msgid ":attr:`password`" +msgstr ":attr:`password`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:138 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:324 +msgid "Password" +msgstr "密码" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:140 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:326 +msgid ":attr:`hostname`" +msgstr ":attr:`hostname`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:140 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:326 +msgid "Host name (lower case)" +msgstr "主机名（小写）" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:142 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:328 +msgid ":attr:`port`" +msgstr ":attr:`port`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:142 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:328 +msgid "Port number as integer, if present" +msgstr "端口号为整数（如果存在）" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:146 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Reading the :attr:`port` attribute will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if an " +"invalid port is specified in the URL. See section :ref:`urlparse-result-" +"object` for more information on the result object." +msgstr "" +"如果在 URL 中指定了无效的端口，读取 :attr:`port` 属性将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 有关结果对象的更多信息请参阅 " +":ref:`urlparse-result-object` 一节。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:150 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:336 +msgid "" +"Unmatched square brackets in the :attr:`netloc` attribute will raise a " +":exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "在 :attr:`netloc` 属性中不匹配的方括号将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:153 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Characters in the :attr:`netloc` attribute that decompose under NFKC " +"normalization (as used by the IDNA encoding) into any of ``/``, ``?``, " +"``#``, ``@``, or ``:`` will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. If the URL is " +"decomposed before parsing, no error will be raised." +msgstr "" +"如果 :attr:`netloc` 属性中的字符在 NFKC 规范化下（如 IDNA 编码格式所使用的）被分解成 ``/``, ``?``, " +"``#``, ``@`` 或 ``:`` 则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 如果在解析之前 URL 就被分解，则不会引发错误。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:158 +msgid "" +"As is the case with all named tuples, the subclass has a few additional " +"methods and attributes that are particularly useful. One such method is " +":meth:`_replace`. The :meth:`_replace` method will return a new ParseResult " +"object replacing specified fields with new values." +msgstr "" +"与所有具名元组的情况一样，该子类还有一些特别有用的附加方法和属性。 其中一个方法是 :meth:`_replace`。 :meth:`_replace`" +" 方法将返回一个新的 ParseResult 对象来将指定字段替换为新的值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:163 +msgid "" +">>> from urllib.parse import urlparse\n" +">>> u = urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')\n" +">>> u\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')\n" +">>> u._replace(scheme='http')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')" +msgstr "" +">>> from urllib.parse import urlparse\n" +">>> u = urlparse('//www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')\n" +">>> u\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')\n" +">>> u._replace(scheme='http')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +" params='', query='', fragment='')" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:177 +msgid "" +":func:`urlparse` does not perform validation. See :ref:`URL parsing " +"security ` for details." +msgstr "" +":func:`urlparse` 不会执行验证。 请参阅 :ref:`URL 解析安全 ` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:180 +msgid "Added IPv6 URL parsing capabilities." +msgstr "添加了IPv6 URL解析功能。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:183 +msgid "" +"The fragment is now parsed for all URL schemes (unless *allow_fragments* is " +"false), in accordance with :rfc:`3986`. Previously, an allowlist of schemes" +" that support fragments existed." +msgstr "" +"现在会针对所有 URL 方案解析此片段（除非 *allow_fragments* 为假值），以符合 :rfc:`3986` 规范。 " +"在之前版本中，存在一个支持片段的方案的允许名单。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:188 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:353 +msgid "" +"Out-of-range port numbers now raise :exc:`ValueError`, instead of returning " +":const:`None`." +msgstr "超范围的端口号现在会引发 :exc:`ValueError`，而不是返回 :const:`None`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:192 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Characters that affect netloc parsing under NFKC normalization will now " +"raise :exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "在 NFKC 规范化下会影响 netloc 解析的字符现在将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Parse a query string given as a string argument (data of type " +":mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`). Data are returned as a " +"dictionary. The dictionary keys are the unique query variable names and the" +" values are lists of values for each name." +msgstr "" +"解析以字符串参数形式（类型为 :mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` 的数据）给出的查询字符串。 " +"返回字典形式的数据。 结果字典的键为唯一的查询变量名而值为每个变量名对应的值列表。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:204 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:249 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *keep_blank_values* is a flag indicating whether blank" +" values in percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings. A " +"true value indicates that blanks should be retained as blank strings. The " +"default false value indicates that blank values are to be ignored and " +"treated as if they were not included." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *keep_blank_values* 是一个旗标，指明是否要将以百分号转码的空值作为空字符串处理。 真值表示空值应当被保留作为空字符串。 " +"默认的假值表示空值会被忽略并将其视作未包括的值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:210 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:255 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *strict_parsing* is a flag indicating what to do with " +"parsing errors. If false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If " +"true, errors raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *strict_parsing* 是一个旗标，指明要如何处理解析错误。 如为假值（默认），错误会被静默地忽略。 如为真值，错误会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:214 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The optional *encoding* and *errors* parameters specify how to decode " +"percent-encoded sequences into Unicode characters, as accepted by the " +":meth:`bytes.decode` method." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参指定如何将以百分号编码的序列解码为 Unicode 字符，即作为 " +":meth:`bytes.decode` 方法所接受的数据。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:218 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *max_num_fields* is the maximum number of fields to " +"read. If set, then throws a :exc:`ValueError` if there are more than " +"*max_num_fields* fields read." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *max_num_fields* 是要读取的最大字段数量的。 如果设置，则如果读取的字段超过 *max_num_fields* 会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:222 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:267 +msgid "" +"The optional argument *separator* is the symbol to use for separating the " +"query arguments. It defaults to ``&``." +msgstr "可选参数 *separator* 是用来分隔查询参数的符号。 默认为 ``&``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Use the :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` function (with the ``doseq`` " +"parameter set to ``True``) to convert such dictionaries into query strings." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` 函数 (并将 ``doseq`` 形参设为 ``True``) " +"将这样的字典转换为查询字符串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:230 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:273 +msgid "Add *encoding* and *errors* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:233 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:276 +msgid "Added *max_num_fields* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *max_num_fields* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:236 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Added *separator* parameter with the default value of ``&``. Python versions" +" earlier than Python 3.10 allowed using both ``;`` and ``&`` as query " +"parameter separator. This has been changed to allow only a single separator " +"key, with ``&`` as the default separator." +msgstr "" +"增加了 *separator* 形参，默认值为 ``&``。 Python 在早于 Python 3.10 的版本中允许使用 ``;`` 和 ``&``" +" 作为查询参数分隔符。 此设置已被改为只允许单个分隔符键，并以 ``&`` 作为默认的分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Parse a query string given as a string argument (data of type " +":mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`). Data are returned as a list" +" of name, value pairs." +msgstr "" +"解析以字符串参数形式（类型为 :mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` 的数据）给出的查询字符串。 " +"数据以字段名和字段值对列表的形式返回。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Use the :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` function to convert such lists of " +"pairs into query strings." +msgstr "使用 :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` 函数将这样的名值对列表转换为查询字符串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Construct a URL from a tuple as returned by ``urlparse()``. The *parts* " +"argument can be any six-item iterable. This may result in a slightly " +"different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed originally had " +"unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ``?`` with an empty query; the RFC " +"states that these are equivalent)." +msgstr "" +"根据 ``urlparse()`` 所返回的元组来构造一个 URL。 *parts* 参数可以是任何包含六个条目的可迭代对象。 " +"构造的结果可能是略有不同但保持等价的 URL，如果被解析的 URL 原本包含不必要的分隔符（例如，带有空查询的 ``?``；RFC 已声明这是等价的）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:297 +msgid "" +"This is similar to :func:`urlparse`, but does not split the params from the " +"URL. This should generally be used instead of :func:`urlparse` if the more " +"recent URL syntax allowing parameters to be applied to each segment of the " +"*path* portion of the URL (see :rfc:`2396`) is wanted. A separate function " +"is needed to separate the path segments and parameters. This function " +"returns a 5-item :term:`named tuple`::" +msgstr "" +"此函数类似于 :func:`urlparse`，但不会拆分来自 URL 的参数。 此函数通常应当在需要允许将参数应用到 URL 的 *path* " +"部分的每个分节的较新的 URL 语法的情况下 (参见 :rfc:`2396`) 被用来代替 :func:`urlparse`。 " +"需要使用一个拆分函数来拆分路径分节和参数。 此函数将返回包含 5 个条目的 :term:`named tuple`::" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:304 +msgid "" +"(addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment identifier)." +msgstr "（寻址方案, 网络位置, 路径, 查询, 片段标识符)。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:306 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:428 +msgid "" +"The return value is a :term:`named tuple`, its items can be accessed by " +"index or as named attributes:" +msgstr "返回值是一个 :term:`named tuple`，它的条目可以通过索引或作为命名属性来访问:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Following some of the `WHATWG spec`_ that updates RFC 3986, leading C0 " +"control and space characters are stripped from the URL. ``\\n``, ``\\r`` and" +" tab ``\\t`` characters are removed from the URL at any position." +msgstr "" +"按照针对 RFC 3986 进行更新的 `WHATWG spec`_，打头的 C0 控制符和空格符将从 URL 中去除。 任意位置上的 ``\\n``," +" ``\\r`` 和制表符 ``\\t`` 等字符也将从 URL 中去除。at any position." + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:350 +msgid "" +":func:`urlsplit` does not perform validation. See :ref:`URL parsing " +"security ` for details." +msgstr "" +":func:`urlsplit` 不会执行验证。 请参阅 :ref:`URL 解析安全 ` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:361 +msgid "ASCII newline and tab characters are stripped from the URL." +msgstr "ASCII 换行符和制表符会从 URL 中被去除。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Leading WHATWG C0 control and space characters are stripped from the URL." +msgstr "打头的 WHATWG C0 控制符和空格符将从 URL 中去除。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:371 +msgid "" +"Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by :func:`urlsplit` into a " +"complete URL as a string. The *parts* argument can be any five-item " +"iterable. This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if " +"the URL that was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, " +"a ? with an empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent)." +msgstr "" +"将 :func:`urlsplit` 所返回的元组中的元素合并为一个字符串形式的完整 URL。 *parts* 参数可以是任何包含五个条目的可迭代对象。" +" 其结果可能是略有不同但保持等价的 URL，如果被解析的 URL 原本包含不必要的分隔符（例如，带有空查询的 ?；RFC 已声明这是等价的）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:380 +msgid "" +"Construct a full (\"absolute\") URL by combining a \"base URL\" (*base*) " +"with another URL (*url*). Informally, this uses components of the base URL," +" in particular the addressing scheme, the network location and (part of) the" +" path, to provide missing components in the relative URL. For example:" +msgstr "" +"通过合并一个 \"基准 URL\" (*base*) 和另一个 URL (*url*) 来构造一个完整 (\"absolute\") URL。 " +"在非正式情况下，这将使用基准 URL 的各部分，特别是地址协议、网络位置和 (一部分) 路径来提供相对 URL 中缺失的部分。 例如:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:389 +msgid "" +"The *allow_fragments* argument has the same meaning and default as for " +":func:`urlparse`." +msgstr "*allow_fragments* 参数具有与 :func:`urlparse` 中的对应参数一致的含义与默认值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:394 +msgid "" +"If *url* is an absolute URL (that is, it starts with ``//`` or " +"``scheme://``), the *url*'s hostname and/or scheme will be present in the " +"result. For example:" +msgstr "" +"如果 *url* 为绝对 URL (即以 ``//`` 或 ``scheme://`` 打头)，则 *url* 的主机名和/或协议将出现在结果中。 " +"例如:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:397 +msgid "" +">>> urljoin('http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +"... '//www.python.org/%7Eguido')\n" +"'http://www.python.org/%7Eguido'" +msgstr "" +">>> urljoin('http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',\n" +"... '//www.python.org/%7Eguido')\n" +"'http://www.python.org/%7Eguido'" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:403 +msgid "" +"If you do not want that behavior, preprocess the *url* with :func:`urlsplit`" +" and :func:`urlunsplit`, removing possible *scheme* and *netloc* parts." +msgstr "" +"如果你不想要那样的行为，请使用 :func:`urlsplit` 和 :func:`urlunsplit` 对 *url* 进行预处理，移除可能存在的 " +"*scheme* 和 *netloc* 部分。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:408 +msgid "" +"Because an absolute URL may be passed as the ``url`` parameter, it is " +"generally **not secure** to use ``urljoin`` with an attacker-controlled " +"``url``. For example in, ``urljoin(\"https://website.com/users/\", " +"username)``, if ``username`` can contain an absolute URL, the result of " +"``urljoin`` will be the absolute URL." +msgstr "" +"因为可以将一个绝对 URL 作为 ``url`` 形参传入，对由攻击者控制的 ``url`` 使用 ``urljoin`` 通常是 **不安全的**。 " +"例如，在 ``urljoin(\"https://website.com/users/\", username)`` 中，如果 ``username``" +" 可以包含一个绝对 URL，``urljoin`` 的结果也将为绝对 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:418 +msgid "Behavior updated to match the semantics defined in :rfc:`3986`." +msgstr "更新行为以匹配 :rfc:`3986` 中定义的语义。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:423 +msgid "" +"If *url* contains a fragment identifier, return a modified version of *url* " +"with no fragment identifier, and the fragment identifier as a separate " +"string. If there is no fragment identifier in *url*, return *url* " +"unmodified and an empty string." +msgstr "" +"如果 *url* 包含片段标识符，则返回不带片段标识符的 *url* 修改版本。 如果 *url* 中没有片段标识符，则返回未经修改的 *url* " +"和一个空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:434 +msgid ":attr:`url`" +msgstr ":attr:`url`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:434 +msgid "URL with no fragment" +msgstr "不带片段的 URL" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:439 +msgid "" +"See section :ref:`urlparse-result-object` for more information on the result" +" object." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`urlparse-result-object` 一节了解有关结果对象的更多信息。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:442 +msgid "Result is a structured object rather than a simple 2-tuple." +msgstr "结果为已构造好的对象而不是一个简单的 2 元组。-tuple." + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:447 +msgid "" +"Extract the url from a wrapped URL (that is, a string formatted as " +"````, ````, " +"``URL:scheme://host/path`` or ``scheme://host/path``). If *url* is not a " +"wrapped URL, it is returned without changes." +msgstr "" +"从已包装的 URL (即被格式化为 ````, ````, " +"``URL:scheme://host/path`` 或 ``scheme://host/path`` 的字符串) 中提取 URL。 如果 *url* " +"不是一个已包装的 URL，它将被原样返回。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:455 +msgid "URL parsing security" +msgstr "URL 解析安全" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:457 +msgid "" +"The :func:`urlsplit` and :func:`urlparse` APIs do not perform **validation**" +" of inputs. They may not raise errors on inputs that other applications " +"consider invalid. They may also succeed on some inputs that might not be " +"considered URLs elsewhere. Their purpose is for practical functionality " +"rather than purity." +msgstr "" +":func:`urlsplit` 和 :func:`urlparse` API 不会对输入进行 **验证**。 " +"它们可能不会因其他应用程序认为不合法的输入而引发错误。 它们还可能在其他地方认为不是 URL 的输入上成功运行。 " +"它们的目标是达成实际的功能而不是保持纯净。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Instead of raising an exception on unusual input, they may instead return " +"some component parts as empty strings. Or components may contain more than " +"perhaps they should." +msgstr "他们在非正常的输入上可能不会引发异常，而是以空字符串的形式返回某些部分。 或者可能会包含某些不应包含的部分。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:467 +msgid "" +"We recommend that users of these APIs where the values may be used anywhere " +"with security implications code defensively. Do some verification within " +"your code before trusting a returned component part. Does that ``scheme`` " +"make sense? Is that a sensible ``path``? Is there anything strange about " +"that ``hostname``? etc." +msgstr "" +"我们建议这些 API 的用户在任何使用的值具有安全意义的地方应用防御性代码。 在你的代码中进行某些验证之后再信任被返回的组件。 这个 " +"``scheme`` 合理吗？那个 ``path`` 正确吗？ 那个 ``hostname`` 是否存在怪异之处？等等。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:473 +msgid "" +"What constitutes a URL is not universally well defined. Different " +"applications have different needs and desired constraints. For instance the" +" living `WHATWG spec`_ describes what user facing web clients such as a web " +"browser require. While :rfc:`3986` is more general. These functions " +"incorporate some aspects of both, but cannot be claimed compliant with " +"either. The APIs and existing user code with expectations on specific " +"behaviors predate both standards leading us to be very cautious about making" +" API behavior changes." +msgstr "" +"一个 URL 由哪些内容组成并没有通用的良好定义。 不同应用程序有不同的需求和想要的约束。 举例来说现有的 `WHATWG spec`_ " +"描述了面向用户的 Web 客户端如 Web 浏览器的需求。 而 :rfc:`3986` 则更为一般化。 " +"这些函数涵盖了这两种领域的某些部分，但称不上能兼容任何一种。 这些 API 和早于这两个标准的现有用户代码对于其他特定行为的期望使得我们对 API " +"行为的更改变得非常谨慎。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:484 +msgid "Parsing ASCII Encoded Bytes" +msgstr "解析ASCII编码字节" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The URL parsing functions were originally designed to operate on character " +"strings only. In practice, it is useful to be able to manipulate properly " +"quoted and encoded URLs as sequences of ASCII bytes. Accordingly, the URL " +"parsing functions in this module all operate on :class:`bytes` and " +":class:`bytearray` objects in addition to :class:`str` objects." +msgstr "" +"这些 URL 解析函数最初设计只用于操作字符串。 但在实践中，它也能够操作经过正确转码和编码的 ASCII 字节序列形式的 URL。 相应地，此模块中的" +" URL 解析函数既可以操作 :class:`str` 对象也可以操作 :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:492 +msgid "" +"If :class:`str` data is passed in, the result will also contain only " +":class:`str` data. If :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray` data is passed " +"in, the result will contain only :class:`bytes` data." +msgstr "" +"如果传入 :class:`str` 数据，结果将只包含 :class:`str` 数据。 如果传入 :class:`bytes` 或 " +":class:`bytearray` 数据，则结果也将只包含 :class:`bytes` 数据。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Attempting to mix :class:`str` data with :class:`bytes` or " +":class:`bytearray` in a single function call will result in a " +":exc:`TypeError` being raised, while attempting to pass in non-ASCII byte " +"values will trigger :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`." +msgstr "" +"试图在单个函数调用中混用 :class:`str` 数据和 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 数据将导致引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`，而试图传入非 ASCII 字节值则将引发 :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:501 +msgid "" +"To support easier conversion of result objects between :class:`str` and " +":class:`bytes`, all return values from URL parsing functions provide either " +"an :meth:`encode` method (when the result contains :class:`str` data) or a " +":meth:`decode` method (when the result contains :class:`bytes` data). The " +"signatures of these methods match those of the corresponding :class:`str` " +"and :class:`bytes` methods (except that the default encoding is ``'ascii'`` " +"rather than ``'utf-8'``). Each produces a value of a corresponding type that" +" contains either :class:`bytes` data (for :meth:`encode` methods) or " +":class:`str` data (for :meth:`decode` methods)." +msgstr "" +"为了支持结果对象在 :class:`str` 和 :class:`bytes` 之间方便地转换，所有来自 URL 解析函数的返回值都会提供 " +":meth:`encode` 方法 (当结果包含 :class:`str` 数据) 或 :meth:`decode` 方法 (当结果包含 " +":class:`bytes` 数据)。 这些方法的签名与 :class:`str` 和 :class:`bytes` 的对应方法相匹配 " +"(不同之处在于其默认编码格式是 ``'ascii'`` 而非 ``'utf-8'``)。 每个方法会输出包含相应类型的 :class:`bytes` " +"数据 (对于 :meth:`encode` 方法) 或 :class:`str` 数据 (对于 :meth:`decode` 方法) 的值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:512 +msgid "" +"Applications that need to operate on potentially improperly quoted URLs that" +" may contain non-ASCII data will need to do their own decoding from bytes to" +" characters before invoking the URL parsing methods." +msgstr "" +"对于某些需要在有可能不正确地转码的包含非 ASCII 数据的 URL 上进行操作的应用程序来说，在唤起 URL 解析方法之前必须自行将字节串解码为字符。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:516 +msgid "" +"The behaviour described in this section applies only to the URL parsing " +"functions. The URL quoting functions use their own rules when producing or " +"consuming byte sequences as detailed in the documentation of the individual " +"URL quoting functions." +msgstr "" +"在本节中描述的行为仅适用于 URL 解析函数。 URL 转码函数在产生和消耗字节序列时使用它们自己的规则，详情参见单独 URL 转码函数的文档。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:521 +msgid "URL parsing functions now accept ASCII encoded byte sequences" +msgstr "URL 解析函数现在接受 ASCII 编码的字节序列" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:528 +msgid "Structured Parse Results" +msgstr "结构化解析结果" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:530 +msgid "" +"The result objects from the :func:`urlparse`, :func:`urlsplit` and " +":func:`urldefrag` functions are subclasses of the :class:`tuple` type. These" +" subclasses add the attributes listed in the documentation for those " +"functions, the encoding and decoding support described in the previous " +"section, as well as an additional method:" +msgstr "" +":func:`urlparse`, :func:`urlsplit` 和 :func:`urldefrag` 函数的结果对象是 " +":class:`tuple` 类型的子类。 这些子类中增加了在那些函数的文档中列出的属性，之前小节中描述的编码和解码支持，以及一个附加方法:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Return the re-combined version of the original URL as a string. This may " +"differ from the original URL in that the scheme may be normalized to lower " +"case and empty components may be dropped. Specifically, empty parameters, " +"queries, and fragment identifiers will be removed." +msgstr "" +"以字符串形式返回原始 URL 的重合并版本。 这可能与原始 URL 有所不同，例如协议的名称可能被正规化为小写字母、空的组成部分可能被丢弃。 " +"特别地，空的参数、查询和片段标识符将会被移除。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:543 +msgid "" +"For :func:`urldefrag` results, only empty fragment identifiers will be " +"removed. For :func:`urlsplit` and :func:`urlparse` results, all noted " +"changes will be made to the URL returned by this method." +msgstr "" +"对于 :func:`urldefrag` 的结果，只有空的片段标识符会被移除。 对于 :func:`urlsplit` 和 " +":func:`urlparse` 的结果，所有被记录的改变都会被应用到此方法所返回的 URL 上。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:547 +msgid "" +"The result of this method remains unchanged if passed back through the " +"original parsing function:" +msgstr "如果是通过原始的解析方法传回则此方法的结果会保持不变:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:560 +msgid "" +"The following classes provide the implementations of the structured parse " +"results when operating on :class:`str` objects:" +msgstr "下面的类提供了当在 :class:`str` 对象上操作时对结构化解析结果的实现:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:565 +msgid "" +"Concrete class for :func:`urldefrag` results containing :class:`str` data. " +"The :meth:`encode` method returns a :class:`DefragResultBytes` instance." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`urldefrag` 结果的实体类，包含有 :class:`str` 数据。 :meth:`encode` 方法会返回一个 " +":class:`DefragResultBytes` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:573 +msgid "" +"Concrete class for :func:`urlparse` results containing :class:`str` data. " +"The :meth:`encode` method returns a :class:`ParseResultBytes` instance." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`urlparse` 结果的实体类，包含有 :class:`str` 数据。 :meth:`encode` 方法会返回一个 " +":class:`ParseResultBytes` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:579 +msgid "" +"Concrete class for :func:`urlsplit` results containing :class:`str` data. " +"The :meth:`encode` method returns a :class:`SplitResultBytes` instance." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`urlsplit` 结果的实体类，包含有 :class:`str` 数据。 :meth:`encode` 方法会返回一个 " +":class:`SplitResultBytes` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:584 +msgid "" +"The following classes provide the implementations of the parse results when " +"operating on :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray` objects:" +msgstr "下面的类提供了当在 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 对象上操作时对解析结果的实现:" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:589 +msgid "" +"Concrete class for :func:`urldefrag` results containing :class:`bytes` data." +" The :meth:`decode` method returns a :class:`DefragResult` instance." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`urldefrag` 结果的实体类，包含有 :class:`bytes` 数据。 :meth:`decode` 方法会返回一个 " +":class:`DefragResult` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:597 +msgid "" +"Concrete class for :func:`urlparse` results containing :class:`bytes` data. " +"The :meth:`decode` method returns a :class:`ParseResult` instance." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`urlparse` 结果的实体类，包含有 :class:`bytes` 数据。 :meth:`decode` 方法会返回一个 " +":class:`ParseResult` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:605 +msgid "" +"Concrete class for :func:`urlsplit` results containing :class:`bytes` data. " +"The :meth:`decode` method returns a :class:`SplitResult` instance." +msgstr "" +"用于 :func:`urlsplit` 结果的实体类，包含有 :class:`bytes` 数据。 :meth:`decode` 方法会返回一个 " +":class:`SplitResult` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:613 +msgid "URL Quoting" +msgstr "URL 转码" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:615 +msgid "" +"The URL quoting functions focus on taking program data and making it safe " +"for use as URL components by quoting special characters and appropriately " +"encoding non-ASCII text. They also support reversing these operations to " +"recreate the original data from the contents of a URL component if that task" +" isn't already covered by the URL parsing functions above." +msgstr "" +"URL 转码函数的功能是接收程序数据并通过对特殊字符进行转码并正确编码非 ASCII 文本来将其转为可以安全地用作 URL 组成部分的形式。 " +"它们还支持逆转此操作以便从作为 URL 组成部分的内容中重建原始数据，如果上述的 URL 解析函数还未覆盖此功能的话。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:623 +msgid "" +"Replace special characters in *string* using the :samp:`%{xx}` escape. " +"Letters, digits, and the characters ``'_.-~'`` are never quoted. By default," +" this function is intended for quoting the path section of a URL. The " +"optional *safe* parameter specifies additional ASCII characters that should " +"not be quoted --- its default value is ``'/'``." +msgstr "" +"使用 :samp:`%{xx}` 转义符替换 *string* 中的特殊字符。 字母、数字和 ``'_.-~'`` 等字符一定不会被转码。 " +"在默认情况下，此函数只对 URL 的路径部分进行转码。 可选的 *safe* 形参额外指定不应被转码的 ASCII 字符 --- 其默认值为 " +"``'/'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:629 ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:675 +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:704 +msgid "*string* may be either a :class:`str` or a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "*string* 可以是 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:631 +msgid "" +"Moved from :rfc:`2396` to :rfc:`3986` for quoting URL strings. \"~\" is now " +"included in the set of unreserved characters." +msgstr "从 :rfc:`2396` 迁移到 :rfc:`3986` 以转码 URL 字符串。 \"~\" 现在已被包括在非保留字符集中。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:635 +msgid "" +"The optional *encoding* and *errors* parameters specify how to deal with " +"non-ASCII characters, as accepted by the :meth:`str.encode` method. " +"*encoding* defaults to ``'utf-8'``. *errors* defaults to ``'strict'``, " +"meaning unsupported characters raise a :class:`UnicodeEncodeError`. " +"*encoding* and *errors* must not be supplied if *string* is a " +":class:`bytes`, or a :class:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"可选的 *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参指明如何处理非 ASCII 字符，与 :meth:`str.encode` 方法所接受的值一样。" +" *encoding* 默认为 ``'utf-8'``。 *errors* 默认为 ``'strict'``，表示不受支持的字符将引发 " +":class:`UnicodeEncodeError`。 如果 *string* 为 :class:`bytes` 则不可提供 *encoding* 和" +" *errors*，否则将引发 :class:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:643 +msgid "" +"Note that ``quote(string, safe, encoding, errors)`` is equivalent to " +"``quote_from_bytes(string.encode(encoding, errors), safe)``." +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``quote(string, safe, encoding, errors)`` 等价于 " +"``quote_from_bytes(string.encode(encoding, errors), safe)``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:646 +msgid "Example: ``quote('/El Niño/')`` yields ``'/El%20Ni%C3%B1o/'``." +msgstr "例如: ``quote('/El Niño/')`` 将产生 ``'/El%20Ni%C3%B1o/'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:651 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`quote`, but also replace spaces with plus signs, as required for" +" quoting HTML form values when building up a query string to go into a URL. " +"Plus signs in the original string are escaped unless they are included in " +"*safe*. It also does not have *safe* default to ``'/'``." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :func:`quote`，但还会使用加号来替换空格，如在构建放入 URL 的查询字符串时对于转码 HTML 表单值时所要求的那样。 " +"原始字符串中的加号会被转义，除非它们已包括在 *safe* 中。 它也不会将 *safe* 的默认值设为 ``'/'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:656 +msgid "Example: ``quote_plus('/El Niño/')`` yields ``'%2FEl+Ni%C3%B1o%2F'``." +msgstr "例如: ``quote_plus('/El Niño/')`` 将产生 ``'%2FEl+Ni%C3%B1o%2F'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:661 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`quote`, but accepts a :class:`bytes` object rather than a " +":class:`str`, and does not perform string-to-bytes encoding." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :func:`quote`，但是接受 :class:`bytes` 对象而非 :class:`str`，并且不执行从字符串到字节串的编码。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:664 +msgid "Example: ``quote_from_bytes(b'a&\\xef')`` yields ``'a%26%EF'``." +msgstr "例如: ``quote_from_bytes(b'a&\\xef')`` 将产生 ``'a%26%EF'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:670 +msgid "" +"Replace :samp:`%{xx}` escapes with their single-character equivalent. The " +"optional *encoding* and *errors* parameters specify how to decode percent-" +"encoded sequences into Unicode characters, as accepted by the " +":meth:`bytes.decode` method." +msgstr "" +"将 :samp:`%{xx}` 转义符替换为等效的单字符。 可选的 *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参指定如何将以百分号编码的序列解码为 " +"Unicode 字符，即 :meth:`bytes.decode` 方法所接受的形式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:677 +msgid "" +"*encoding* defaults to ``'utf-8'``. *errors* defaults to ``'replace'``, " +"meaning invalid sequences are replaced by a placeholder character." +msgstr "" +"*encoding* 默认为 ``'utf-8'``。 *errors* 默认为 ``'replace'``，表示无效的序列将被替换为占位字符。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:681 +msgid "Example: ``unquote('/El%20Ni%C3%B1o/')`` yields ``'/El Niño/'``." +msgstr "例如: ``unquote('/El%20Ni%C3%B1o/')`` 将产生 ``'/El Niño/'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:683 +msgid "" +"*string* parameter supports bytes and str objects (previously only str)." +msgstr "*string* 形参支持 bytes 和 str 对象（之前仅支持 str）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:691 +msgid "" +"Like :func:`unquote`, but also replace plus signs with spaces, as required " +"for unquoting HTML form values." +msgstr "类似于 :func:`unquote`，但还会将加号替换为空格，如反转码表单值所要求的。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:694 +msgid "*string* must be a :class:`str`." +msgstr "*string* 必须为 :class:`str`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:696 +msgid "Example: ``unquote_plus('/El+Ni%C3%B1o/')`` yields ``'/El Niño/'``." +msgstr "例如: ``unquote_plus('/El+Ni%C3%B1o/')`` 将产生 ``'/El Niño/'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:701 +msgid "" +"Replace :samp:`%{xx}` escapes with their single-octet equivalent, and return" +" a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "用等价的单八位形式替换 :samp:`%{xx}` 转义码，并返回一个 :class:`bytes` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:706 +msgid "" +"If it is a :class:`str`, unescaped non-ASCII characters in *string* are " +"encoded into UTF-8 bytes." +msgstr "如果它是 :class:`str`，则 *string* 中未转义的非 ASCII 字符会被编码为 UTF-8 字节串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:709 +msgid "Example: ``unquote_to_bytes('a%26%EF')`` yields ``b'a&\\xef'``." +msgstr "例如: ``unquote_to_bytes('a%26%EF')`` y将产生 ``b'a&\\xef'``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:715 +msgid "" +"Convert a mapping object or a sequence of two-element tuples, which may " +"contain :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` objects, to a percent-encoded ASCII " +"text string. If the resultant string is to be used as a *data* for POST " +"operation with the :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` function, then it should " +"be encoded to bytes, otherwise it would result in a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"将一个包含有 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象的映射对象或二元组序列转换为以百分号编码的 ASCII 文本字符串。 " +"如果所产生的字符串要被用作 :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` 函数的 POST 操作的 " +"*data*，则它应当被编码为字节串，否则它将导致 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:722 +msgid "" +"The resulting string is a series of ``key=value`` pairs separated by ``'&'``" +" characters, where both *key* and *value* are quoted using the *quote_via* " +"function. By default, :func:`quote_plus` is used to quote the values, which" +" means spaces are quoted as a ``'+'`` character and '/' characters are " +"encoded as ``%2F``, which follows the standard for GET requests " +"(``application/x-www-form-urlencoded``). An alternate function that can be " +"passed as *quote_via* is :func:`quote`, which will encode spaces as ``%20`` " +"and not encode '/' characters. For maximum control of what is quoted, use " +"``quote`` and specify a value for *safe*." +msgstr "" +"结果字符串是一系列 ``key=value`` 对，由 ``'&'`` 字符进行分隔，其中 *key* 和 *value* 都已使用 " +"*quote_via* 函数转码。 在默认情况下，会使用 :func:`quote_plus` 来转码值，这意味着空格会被转码为 ``'+'`` 字符而" +" '/' 字符会被转码为 ``%2F``，即遵循 GET 请求的标准 (``application/x-www-form-urlencoded``)。 " +"另一个可以作为 *quote_via* 传入的替代函数是 :func:`quote`，它将把空格转码为 ``%20`` 并且不编码 '/' 字符。 " +"为了最大程度地控制要转码的内容，请使用 ``quote`` 并指定 *safe* 的值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:732 +msgid "" +"When a sequence of two-element tuples is used as the *query* argument, the " +"first element of each tuple is a key and the second is a value. The value " +"element in itself can be a sequence and in that case, if the optional " +"parameter *doseq* evaluates to ``True``, individual ``key=value`` pairs " +"separated by ``'&'`` are generated for each element of the value sequence " +"for the key. The order of parameters in the encoded string will match the " +"order of parameter tuples in the sequence." +msgstr "" +"当使用二元组序列作为 *query* 参数时，每个元组的第一个元素为键而第二个元素为值。 值元素本身也可以为一个序列，在那种情况下，如果可选的形参 " +"*doseq* 的值为 ``True``，则每个键的值序列元素生成单个 ``key=value`` 对（以 ``'&'`` 分隔）。 " +"被编码的字符串中的参数顺序将与序列中的形参元素顺序相匹配。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:740 +msgid "" +"The *safe*, *encoding*, and *errors* parameters are passed down to " +"*quote_via* (the *encoding* and *errors* parameters are only passed when a " +"query element is a :class:`str`)." +msgstr "" +"*safe*, *encoding* 和 *errors* 形参会被传递给 *quote_via* (*encoding* 和 *errors* " +"形参仅在查询元素为 :class:`str` 时会被传递)。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:744 +msgid "" +"To reverse this encoding process, :func:`parse_qs` and :func:`parse_qsl` are" +" provided in this module to parse query strings into Python data structures." +msgstr "" +"为了反向执行这个编码过程，此模块提供了 :func:`parse_qs` 和 :func:`parse_qsl` 来将查询字符串解析为 Python " +"数据结构。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:747 +msgid "" +"Refer to :ref:`urllib examples ` to find out how the " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` method can be used for generating the query " +"string of a URL or data for a POST request." +msgstr "" +"请参考 :ref:`urllib 示例 ` 来了解如何使用 " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` 方法来生成 URL 的查询字符串或 POST 请求的数据。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:751 +msgid "*query* supports bytes and string objects." +msgstr "查询支持字节和字符串对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:754 +msgid "Added the *quote_via* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *quote_via* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:760 +msgid "`WHATWG`_ - URL Living standard" +msgstr "`WHATWG`_ - URL 现有标准" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:761 +msgid "" +"Working Group for the URL Standard that defines URLs, domains, IP addresses," +" the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format, and their API." +msgstr "定义 URL、域名、IP 地址、application/x-www-form-urlencoded 格式及其 API 的工作组。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:764 +msgid ":rfc:`3986` - Uniform Resource Identifiers" +msgstr ":rfc:`3986` - 统一资源标识符" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:765 +msgid "" +"This is the current standard (STD66). Any changes to urllib.parse module " +"should conform to this. Certain deviations could be observed, which are " +"mostly for backward compatibility purposes and for certain de-facto parsing " +"requirements as commonly observed in major browsers." +msgstr "" +"这是当前的标准 (STD66)。 任何对于 urllib.parse 模块的修改都必须遵循该标准。 " +"某些偏离也可能会出现，这大都是出于向下兼容的目的以及特定的经常存在于各主要浏览器上的实际解析需求。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:770 +msgid ":rfc:`2732` - Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's." +msgstr ":rfc:`2732` - URL 中的 IPv6 Addresses 地址显示格式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:771 +msgid "This specifies the parsing requirements of IPv6 URLs." +msgstr "这指明了 IPv6 URL 的解析要求。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:773 +msgid ":rfc:`2396` - Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax" +msgstr ":rfc:`2396` - 统一资源标识符（URI）：通用语法" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:774 +msgid "" +"Document describing the generic syntactic requirements for both Uniform " +"Resource Names (URNs) and Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)." +msgstr "描述统一资源名称 (URN) 和统一资源定位符 (URL) 通用语义要求的文档。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:777 +msgid ":rfc:`2368` - The mailto URL scheme." +msgstr ":rfc:`2368` - mailto URL 模式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:778 +msgid "Parsing requirements for mailto URL schemes." +msgstr "mailto URL 模式的解析要求。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:780 +msgid ":rfc:`1808` - Relative Uniform Resource Locators" +msgstr ":rfc:`1808` - 相对统一资源定位符" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:781 +msgid "" +"This Request For Comments includes the rules for joining an absolute and a " +"relative URL, including a fair number of \"Abnormal Examples\" which govern " +"the treatment of border cases." +msgstr "这个请求注释包括联结绝对和相对 URL 的规则，其中包括大量控制边界情况处理的 \"异常示例\"。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:785 +msgid ":rfc:`1738` - Uniform Resource Locators (URL)" +msgstr ":rfc:`1738` - 统一资源定位符 (URL)" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:786 +msgid "This specifies the formal syntax and semantics of absolute URLs." +msgstr "这指明了绝对 URL 的正式语义和句法。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:9 +msgid "WWW" +msgstr "WWW" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:9 +msgid "World Wide Web" +msgstr "World Wide Web" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:9 +msgid "URL" +msgstr "网址" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:9 +msgid "parsing" +msgstr "解析" + +#: ../../library/urllib.parse.rst:9 +msgid "relative" +msgstr "相关" diff --git a/library/urllib.po b/library/urllib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0238a83ca --- /dev/null +++ b/library/urllib.po @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Yinian Chin , 2021 +# 锟斤拷 , 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:17+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/urllib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!urllib` --- URL handling modules" +msgstr ":mod:`!urllib` --- URL 处理模块" + +#: ../../library/urllib.rst:6 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/urllib/`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/urllib/`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.rst:10 +msgid "" +"``urllib`` is a package that collects several modules for working with URLs:" +msgstr "``urllib`` 是一个收集了多个涉及 URL 的模块的包：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`urllib.request` for opening and reading URLs" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.request` 打开和读取 URL" + +#: ../../library/urllib.rst:13 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.error` containing the exceptions raised by " +":mod:`urllib.request`" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.error` 包含 :mod:`urllib.request` 抛出的异常" + +#: ../../library/urllib.rst:14 +msgid ":mod:`urllib.parse` for parsing URLs" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.parse` 用于解析 URL" + +#: ../../library/urllib.rst:15 +msgid ":mod:`urllib.robotparser` for parsing ``robots.txt`` files" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.robotparser` 用于解析 ``robots.txt`` 文件" diff --git a/library/urllib.request.po b/library/urllib.request.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ab64c64f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/urllib.request.po @@ -0,0 +1,2418 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Jiuh.star , 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# cdarlint , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-28 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:17+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!urllib.request` --- Extensible library for opening URLs" +msgstr ":mod:`!urllib.request` --- 用于打开 URL 的可扩展库" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/urllib/request.py`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/urllib/request.py`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines functions and classes which help in" +" opening URLs (mostly HTTP) in a complex world --- basic and digest " +"authentication, redirections, cookies and more." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib.request` 模块定义了适用于在各种复杂情况下打开 URL（主要为 HTTP）的函数和类 --- " +"例如基本认证、摘要认证、重定向、cookies 及其它。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:21 +msgid "" +"The `Requests package `_ is " +"recommended for a higher-level HTTP client interface." +msgstr "" +"对于更高级别的 HTTP 客户端接口，建议使用 `Requests " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:26 +msgid "" +"On macOS it is unsafe to use this module in programs using :func:`os.fork` " +"because the :func:`getproxies` implementation for macOS uses a higher-level " +"system API. Set the environment variable ``no_proxy`` to ``*`` to avoid this" +" problem (e.g. ``os.environ[\"no_proxy\"] = \"*\"``)." +msgstr "" +"在 macOS 将此模块用于包含 :func:`os.fork` 的程序是不安全的，因为 macOS 的 :func:`getproxies` " +"实现使用了高层级的系统 API。 可将环境变量 ``no_proxy`` 设为 ``*`` 以避免此问题 (即 " +"``os.environ[\"no_proxy\"] = \"*\"``)。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:34 +msgid "The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines the following functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.request` 模块定义了以下函数：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Open *url*, which can be either a string containing a valid, properly " +"encoded URL, or a :class:`Request` object." +msgstr "打开 *url*，它可以是一个包含有效的、被正确编码的 URL 的字符串，或是一个 :class:`Request` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:42 +msgid "" +"*data* must be an object specifying additional data to be sent to the " +"server, or ``None`` if no such data is needed. See :class:`Request` for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"*data* 必须是一个对象，用于给出要发送到服务器的附加数据，若不需要发送数据则为 ``None``。详情请参阅 :class:`Request` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:46 +msgid "" +"urllib.request module uses HTTP/1.1 and includes ``Connection:close`` header" +" in its HTTP requests." +msgstr "" +"urllib.request 模块采用 HTTP/1.1 协议，并且在其 HTTP 请求中包含 ``Connection:close`` 头部信息。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking" +" operations like the connection attempt (if not specified, the global " +"default timeout setting will be used). This actually only works for HTTP, " +"HTTPS and FTP connections." +msgstr "" +"*timeout* 为可选参数，用于指定阻塞操作（如连接尝试）的超时时间，单位为秒。如未指定，将使用全局默认超时参数）。本参数实际仅对 " +"HTTP、HTTPS 和 FTP 连接有效。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:54 +msgid "" +"If *context* is specified, it must be a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance " +"describing the various SSL options. See " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` for more details." +msgstr "" +"如果给定了 *context* 参数，则必须是一个 :class:`ssl.SSLContext` 实例，用于描述各种 SSL 参数。更多详情请参阅 " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:58 +msgid "" +"This function always returns an object which can work as a :term:`context " +"manager` and has the properties *url*, *headers*, and *status*. See " +":class:`urllib.response.addinfourl` for more detail on these properties." +msgstr "" +"本函数总会返回一个对象，该对象可作为 :term:`context manager` 使用，带有 *url*、*headers* 和 *status* " +"属性。有关这些属性的更多详细信息，请参阅 :class:`urllib.response.addinfourl` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:62 +msgid "" +"For HTTP and HTTPS URLs, this function returns a " +":class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` object slightly modified. In addition to " +"the three new methods above, the msg attribute contains the same information" +" as the :attr:`~http.client.HTTPResponse.reason` attribute --- the reason " +"phrase returned by server --- instead of the response headers as it is " +"specified in the documentation for :class:`~http.client.HTTPResponse`." +msgstr "" +"对于 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的 URL 而言，本函数将返回一个稍经修改的 :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` " +"对象。除了上述 3 个新的方法之外，还有 msg 属性包含了与 :attr:`~http.client.HTTPResponse.reason` " +"属性相同的信息---服务器返回的原因描述文字，而不是 :class:`~http.client.HTTPResponse` 的文档所述的响应头部信息。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:70 +msgid "" +"For FTP, file, and data URLs and requests explicitly handled by legacy " +":class:`URLopener` and :class:`FancyURLopener` classes, this function " +"returns a :class:`urllib.response.addinfourl` object." +msgstr "" +"对于 FTP、文件、数据的URL，以及由传统的 :class:`URLopener`  和 :class:`FancyURLopener` " +"类处理的请求，本函数将返回一个 :class:`urllib.response.addinfourl` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:74 +msgid "Raises :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` on protocol errors." +msgstr "协议发生错误时，将会引发 :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Note that ``None`` may be returned if no handler handles the request (though" +" the default installed global :class:`OpenerDirector` uses " +":class:`UnknownHandler` to ensure this never happens)." +msgstr "" +"请注意，如果没有处理函数对请求进行处理，则有可能会返回 ``None`` 。尽管默认安装的全局 :class:`OpenerDirector` 会用 " +":class:`UnknownHandler` 来确保不会发生这种情况。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:80 +msgid "" +"In addition, if proxy settings are detected (for example, when a ``*_proxy``" +" environment variable like :envvar:`!http_proxy` is set), " +":class:`ProxyHandler` is default installed and makes sure the requests are " +"handled through the proxy." +msgstr "" +"另外，如果检测到设置了代理（例如，当设置了 :envvar:`!http_proxy` 之类的 ``*_proxy`` 环境变量时），将默认安装 " +":class:`ProxyHandler` 并确保通过代理来处理请求。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:85 +msgid "" +"The legacy ``urllib.urlopen`` function from Python 2.6 and earlier has been " +"discontinued; :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` corresponds to the old " +"``urllib2.urlopen``. Proxy handling, which was done by passing a dictionary" +" parameter to ``urllib.urlopen``, can be obtained by using " +":class:`ProxyHandler` objects." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.6 以下版本中留存的 ``urllib.urlopen`` 函数已停止使用了； " +":func:`urllib.request.urlopen` 对应于传统的 ``urllib2.urlopen`` " +"。对代理服务的处理是通过将字典参数传给 ``urllib.urlopen`` 来完成的，可以用 :class:`ProxyHandler` " +"对象获取到代理处理函数。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:91 ../../library/urllib.request.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The default opener raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``urllib.Request`` with arguments ``fullurl``, ``data``, ``headers``, " +"``method`` taken from the request object." +msgstr "" +"默认会为 ``urllib.Request`` 引发一条 :ref:`审计事件 `，其参数 " +"``fullurl``、``data``、``headers``、``method`` 均取自请求对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:97 +msgid "*cafile* and *capath* were added." +msgstr "增加了 *cafile* 与 *capath*。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:100 +msgid "" +"HTTPS virtual hosts are now supported if possible (that is, if " +":const:`ssl.HAS_SNI` is true)." +msgstr "现在将在可能的情况下支持 HTTPS 虚拟主机（也就是说，如果 :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI` 为真值）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:103 +msgid "*data* can be an iterable object." +msgstr "*data* 可以是一个可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:105 +msgid "*cadefault* was added." +msgstr "增加了 *cadefault*。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:108 +msgid "*context* was added." +msgstr "增加了 *context*。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:111 +msgid "" +"HTTPS connection now send an ALPN extension with protocol indicator " +"``http/1.1`` when no *context* is given. Custom *context* should set ALPN " +"protocols with :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols`." +msgstr "" +"当未给出 *context* 时 HTTPS 连接现在会发送一个带有 ``http/1.1`` 协议指示符的 ALPN 扩展。 自定义 " +"*context* 应当使用 :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols` 来设置 ALPN 协议。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Remove *cafile*, *capath* and *cadefault* parameters: use the *context* " +"parameter instead." +msgstr "移除了 *cafile*, *capath* 和 *cadefault* 形参：请改用 *context* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Install an :class:`OpenerDirector` instance as the default global opener. " +"Installing an opener is only necessary if you want urlopen to use that " +"opener; otherwise, simply call :meth:`OpenerDirector.open` instead of " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen`. The code does not check for a real " +":class:`OpenerDirector`, and any class with the appropriate interface will " +"work." +msgstr "" +"安装一个 :class:`OpenerDirector` 实例，作为默认的全局打开函数。仅当 urlopen 用到该打开函数时才需要安装；否则，只需调用" +" :meth:`OpenerDirector.open` 而不是 " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen`。代码不会检查是否真的属于 :class:`OpenerDirector` " +"类，所有具备适当接口的类都能适用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Return an :class:`OpenerDirector` instance, which chains the handlers in the" +" order given. *handler*\\s can be either instances of :class:`BaseHandler`, " +"or subclasses of :class:`BaseHandler` (in which case it must be possible to " +"call the constructor without any parameters). Instances of the following " +"classes will be in front of the *handler*\\s, unless the *handler*\\s " +"contain them, instances of them or subclasses of them: :class:`ProxyHandler`" +" (if proxy settings are detected), :class:`UnknownHandler`, " +":class:`HTTPHandler`, :class:`HTTPDefaultErrorHandler`, " +":class:`HTTPRedirectHandler`, :class:`FTPHandler`, :class:`FileHandler`, " +":class:`HTTPErrorProcessor`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`OpenerDirector` 实例，以给定顺序把处理函数串联起来。处理函数可以是 :class:`BaseHandler` " +"的实例，也可以是 :class:`BaseHandler` 的子类（这时构造函数必须允许不带任何参数的调用）。以下类的实例将位于 *处理函数* " +"之前，除非 *处理函数* 已包含这些类、其实例或其子类： :class:`ProxyHandler` " +"（如果检测到代理设置）、:class:`UnknownHandler` 、:class:`HTTPHandler` " +"、:class:`HTTPDefaultErrorHandler` 、:class:`HTTPRedirectHandler` 、 " +":class:`FTPHandler` 、 :class:`FileHandler` 、:class:`HTTPErrorProcessor` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:143 +msgid "" +"If the Python installation has SSL support (i.e., if the :mod:`ssl` module " +"can be imported), :class:`HTTPSHandler` will also be added." +msgstr "" +"若 Python 安装时已带了 SSL 支持（指可以导入 :mod:`ssl` 模块），则还会加入 :class:`HTTPSHandler` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:146 +msgid "" +"A :class:`BaseHandler` subclass may also change its :attr:`handler_order` " +"attribute to modify its position in the handlers list." +msgstr "" +" :class:`BaseHandler` 的子类还可以修改 :attr:`handler_order` 属性，以便改变其在处理函数列表中的位置。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Convert the given local path to a ``file:`` URL. This function uses " +":func:`~urllib.parse.quote` function to encode the path. For historical " +"reasons, the return value omits the ``file:`` scheme prefix. This example " +"shows the function being used on Windows::" +msgstr "" +"将给定的本地路径转换为一个 ``file:`` URL。 此函数会使用 :func:`~urllib.parse.quote` 函数对路径进行编码。 " +"出于历史原因，返回值将省略 ``file:`` 类别前缀。 下面的例子演示该函数在 Windows 上的使用::" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:157 +msgid "" +">>> from urllib.request import pathname2url\n" +">>> path = 'C:\\\\Program Files'\n" +">>> 'file:' + pathname2url(path)\n" +"'file:///C:/Program%20Files'" +msgstr "" +">>> from urllib.request import pathname2url\n" +">>> path = 'C:\\\\Program Files'\n" +">>> 'file:' + pathname2url(path)\n" +"'file:///C:/Program%20Files'" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Convert the given ``file:`` URL to a local path. This function uses " +":func:`~urllib.parse.unquote` to decode the URL. For historical reasons, the" +" given value *must* omit the ``file:`` scheme prefix. This example shows the" +" function being used on Windows::" +msgstr "" +"将给定的 ``file:`` URL 转换为一个本地路径。 此函数会使用 :func:`~urllib.parse.unquote` 对 URL " +"进行解码。 出于历史原因，给定的值 *必须* 省略 ``file:`` 类别前缀。 下面的例子演示该函数在 Windows 上的使用::" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:170 +msgid "" +">>> from urllib.request import url2pathname\n" +">>> url = 'file:///C:/Program%20Files'\n" +">>> url2pathname(url.removeprefix('file:'))\n" +"'C:\\\\Program Files'" +msgstr "" +">>> from urllib.request import url2pathname\n" +">>> url = 'file:///C:/Program%20Files'\n" +">>> url2pathname(url.removeprefix('file:'))\n" +"'C:\\\\Program Files'" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:177 +msgid "" +"This helper function returns a dictionary of scheme to proxy server URL " +"mappings. It scans the environment for variables named ``_proxy``, " +"in a case insensitive approach, for all operating systems first, and when it" +" cannot find it, looks for proxy information from System Configuration for " +"macOS and Windows Systems Registry for Windows. If both lowercase and " +"uppercase environment variables exist (and disagree), lowercase is " +"preferred." +msgstr "" +"此辅助函数将返回一个将各个方案映射到代理服务器 URL 的字典。 它会先为所有操作系统以大小写不敏感的方式扫描名为 ``_proxy``" +" 的环境变量，当无法找到时，则会在 macOS 上从系统配置中而在 Windows 上从 Windows 系统注册表中查找代理信息。 " +"如果同时存在小写和大写形式的环境变量（且内容不一致），则会首先小写形式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:187 +msgid "" +"If the environment variable ``REQUEST_METHOD`` is set, which usually " +"indicates your script is running in a CGI environment, the environment " +"variable ``HTTP_PROXY`` (uppercase ``_PROXY``) will be ignored. This is " +"because that variable can be injected by a client using the \"Proxy:\" HTTP " +"header. If you need to use an HTTP proxy in a CGI environment, either use " +"``ProxyHandler`` explicitly, or make sure the variable name is in lowercase " +"(or at least the ``_proxy`` suffix)." +msgstr "" +"如果存在环境变量 ``REQUEST_METHOD`` ，通常表示脚本运行于 CGI 环境中，则环境变量 ``HTTP_PROXY`` （大写的 " +"``_PROXY``）将会被忽略。这是因其可以由客户端用 HTTP 头部信息 “Proxy:”注入。若要在 CGI 环境中使用 HTTP " +"代理，请显式使用 ```ProxyHandler`` ，或确保变量名称为小写（或至少是 ``_proxy`` 后缀）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:196 +msgid "The following classes are provided:" +msgstr "提供了以下类：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:200 +msgid "This class is an abstraction of a URL request." +msgstr "URL 请求对象的抽象类。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:202 +msgid "*url* should be a string containing a valid, properly encoded URL." +msgstr "*url* 应为一个包含有效的、被正确编码的 URL 的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:204 +msgid "" +"*data* must be an object specifying additional data to send to the server, " +"or ``None`` if no such data is needed. Currently HTTP requests are the only" +" ones that use *data*. The supported object types include bytes, file-like " +"objects, and iterables of bytes-like objects. If no ``Content-Length`` nor " +"``Transfer-Encoding`` header field has been provided, :class:`HTTPHandler` " +"will set these headers according to the type of *data*. ``Content-Length`` " +"will be used to send bytes objects, while ``Transfer-Encoding: chunked`` as " +"specified in :rfc:`7230`, Section 3.3.1 will be used to send files and other" +" iterables." +msgstr "" +"*data* 必须是一个对象，用于给定发往服务器的附加数据，若无需此类数据则为 ``None`` 。 目前 唯一用到 *data* 的只有 HTTP " +"请求。支持的对象类型包括字节串、类文件对象和可遍历的类字节串对象。如果没有提供 ``Content-Length`` 和 ``Transfer-" +"Encoding`` 头部字段， :class:`HTTPHandler` 会根据 *data* 的类型设置这些头部字段。``Content-" +"Length`` 将用于发送字节对象，而 :rfc:`7230` 第 3.3.1 节中定义的 ``Transfer-Encoding: " +"chunked`` 将用于发送文件和其他可遍历对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:214 +msgid "" +"For an HTTP POST request method, *data* should be a buffer in the standard " +":mimetype:`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format. The " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` function takes a mapping or sequence of " +"2-tuples and returns an ASCII string in this format. It should be encoded to" +" bytes before being used as the *data* parameter." +msgstr "" +"对于 HTTP POST 请求方法而言，*data* 应该是标准 :mimetype:`application/x-www-form-" +"urlencoded` 格式的缓冲区。 :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` " +"函数的参数为映射对象或二元组序列，并返回一个该编码格式的 ASCII 字符串。在用作 *data* 参数之前，应将其编码为字节串。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:220 +msgid "" +"*headers* should be a dictionary, and will be treated as if " +":meth:`add_header` was called with each key and value as arguments. This is " +"often used to \"spoof\" the ``User-Agent`` header value, which is used by a " +"browser to identify itself -- some HTTP servers only allow requests coming " +"from common browsers as opposed to scripts. For example, Mozilla Firefox may" +" identify itself as ``\"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686) Gecko/20071127 " +"Firefox/2.0.0.11\"``, while :mod:`urllib`'s default user agent string is " +"``\"Python-urllib/2.6\"`` (on Python 2.6). All header keys are sent in camel" +" case." +msgstr "" +"*headers* 应当是一个字典，并将被视同附带了每个键和值作为参数去调用 :meth:`add_header`。 这通常被用于 \"伪装\" " +"``User-Agent`` 标头值，浏览器会使用标头值来标识自己 -- 某些 HTTP 服务器只允许来自普通浏览器的请求而不允许来自脚本的请求。 " +"例如，Mozilla Firefox 可能将自己标识为 ``\"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686) " +"Gecko/20071127 Firefox/2.0.0.11\"``，而 :mod:`urllib` 的默认用户代理字符串则是 ``\"Python-" +"urllib/2.6\"`` (在 Python 2.6 中)。 所有发送的标头键都使用驼峰命名法。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:231 +msgid "" +"An appropriate ``Content-Type`` header should be included if the *data* " +"argument is present. If this header has not been provided and *data* is not" +" ``None``, ``Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` will be added" +" as a default." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 *data* 参数则应当包括一个合适的 ``Content-Type`` 标头。 如果未提供此标头并且 *data* 不为 " +"``None``，则会添加 ``Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` 作为默认值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:236 +msgid "" +"The next two arguments are only of interest for correct handling of third-" +"party HTTP cookies:" +msgstr "接下来的两个参数，只对第三方 HTTP cookie 的处理才有用：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:239 +msgid "" +"*origin_req_host* should be the request-host of the origin transaction, as " +"defined by :rfc:`2965`. It defaults to " +"``http.cookiejar.request_host(self)``. This is the host name or IP address " +"of the original request that was initiated by the user. For example, if the " +"request is for an image in an HTML document, this should be the request-host" +" of the request for the page containing the image." +msgstr "" +"*origin_req_host* 应为发起初始会话的请求主机，定义参见 :rfc:`2965` 。默认指为 " +"``http.cookiejar.request_host(self)`` 。这是用户发起初始请求的主机名或 IP 地址。假设请求是针对 HTML " +"文档中的图片数据发起的，则本属性应为对包含图像的页面发起请求的主机。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:247 +msgid "" +"*unverifiable* should indicate whether the request is unverifiable, as " +"defined by :rfc:`2965`. It defaults to ``False``. An unverifiable request " +"is one whose URL the user did not have the option to approve. For example, " +"if the request is for an image in an HTML document, and the user had no " +"option to approve the automatic fetching of the image, this should be true." +msgstr "" +"*unverifiable* 应该标示出请求是否无法验证，定义参见 :rfc:`2965` 。默认值为 ``False`` " +"。所谓无法验证的请求，是指用户没有机会对请求的 URL 做验证。例如，如果请求是针对 HTML " +"文档中的图像，用户没有机会去许可能自动读取图像，则本参数应为 True。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:254 +msgid "" +"*method* should be a string that indicates the HTTP request method that will" +" be used (e.g. ``'HEAD'``). If provided, its value is stored in the " +":attr:`~Request.method` attribute and is used by :meth:`get_method`. The " +"default is ``'GET'`` if *data* is ``None`` or ``'POST'`` otherwise. " +"Subclasses may indicate a different default method by setting the " +":attr:`~Request.method` attribute in the class itself." +msgstr "" +"*method* 应为一个指明要使用的 HTTP 请求方法的字符串 (例如 ``'HEAD'``)。 如果提供，其值将存储在 " +":attr:`~Request.method` 属性中并由 :meth:`get_method` 使用。 如果 *data* 为 ``None`` " +"则默认为 ``'GET'``，否则为 ``'POST'``。 子类可以通过在类自身设置 :attr:`~Request.method` " +"属性来指明不同的默认方法。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:262 +msgid "" +"The request will not work as expected if the data object is unable to " +"deliver its content more than once (e.g. a file or an iterable that can " +"produce the content only once) and the request is retried for HTTP redirects" +" or authentication. The *data* is sent to the HTTP server right away after " +"the headers. There is no support for a 100-continue expectation in the " +"library." +msgstr "" +"如果 data 对象无法分多次传递其内容（比如文件或只能生成一次内容的可迭代对象）并且由于 HTTP " +"重定向或身份验证而发生请求重试行为，则该请求不会正常工作。 *data* 是紧挨着头部信息发送给 HTTP 服务器的。现有库不支持 HTTP " +"100-continue 的征询。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:269 +msgid ":attr:`Request.method` argument is added to the Request class." +msgstr "Request 类增加了 :attr:`Request.method` 参数。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:272 +msgid "Default :attr:`Request.method` may be indicated at the class level." +msgstr "默认 :attr:`Request.method` 可以在类中标明。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Do not raise an error if the ``Content-Length`` has not been provided and " +"*data* is neither ``None`` nor a bytes object. Fall back to use chunked " +"transfer encoding instead." +msgstr "" +"如果给出了 ``Content-Length`` ，且 *data* 既不为 ``None`` " +"也不是字节串对象，则不会触发错误。而会退而求其次采用分块传输的编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:282 +msgid "" +"The :class:`OpenerDirector` class opens URLs via :class:`BaseHandler`\\ s " +"chained together. It manages the chaining of handlers, and recovery from " +"errors." +msgstr "" +":class:`OpenerDirector` 类通过串接在一起的 :class:`BaseHandler` 打开 URL，并负责管理 handler " +"链及从错误中恢复。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:288 +msgid "" +"This is the base class for all registered handlers --- and handles only the " +"simple mechanics of registration." +msgstr "这是所有已注册 handler 的基类，只做了简单的注册机制。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:294 +msgid "" +"A class which defines a default handler for HTTP error responses; all " +"responses are turned into :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` exceptions." +msgstr "" +"为 HTTP 错误响应定义的默认 handler，所有出错响应都会转为 :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:300 +msgid "A class to handle redirections." +msgstr "一个用于处理重定向的类。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:305 +msgid "A class to handle HTTP Cookies." +msgstr "一个用于处理 HTTP Cookies 的类。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Cause requests to go through a proxy. If *proxies* is given, it must be a " +"dictionary mapping protocol names to URLs of proxies. The default is to read" +" the list of proxies from the environment variables ``_proxy``. " +"If no proxy environment variables are set, then in a Windows environment " +"proxy settings are obtained from the registry's Internet Settings section, " +"and in a macOS environment proxy information is retrieved from the System " +"Configuration Framework." +msgstr "" +"让请求转往代理服务。 如果给出了 *proxies*，则它必须是一个将协议名称映射到代理 URL 的字典。 默认是从环境变量 " +"``_proxy`` 中读取代理列表。 如果没有设置代理服务的环境变量，则在 Windows 环境下代理设置会从注册表的 " +"Internet Settings 部分获取，而在 macOS 环境下代理信息会从 System Configuration Framework 获取。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:318 +msgid "To disable autodetected proxy pass an empty dictionary." +msgstr "若要禁用自动检测出来的代理，请传入空的字典对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:320 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`no_proxy` environment variable can be used to specify hosts " +"which shouldn't be reached via proxy; if set, it should be a comma-separated" +" list of hostname suffixes, optionally with ``:port`` appended, for example " +"``cern.ch,ncsa.uiuc.edu,some.host:8080``." +msgstr "" +"环境变量 :envvar:`no_proxy` 可用于指定不必通过代理访问的主机；应为逗号分隔的主机名后缀列表，可加上 ``:port`` ，例如 " +"``cern.ch,ncsa.uiuc.edu,some.host:8080`` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:327 +msgid "" +"``HTTP_PROXY`` will be ignored if a variable ``REQUEST_METHOD`` is set; see " +"the documentation on :func:`~urllib.request.getproxies`." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 ``REQUEST_METHOD`` 变量，则会忽略 ``HTTP_PROXY`` ；参阅 " +":func:`~urllib.request.getproxies` 文档。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:333 +msgid "Keep a database of ``(realm, uri) -> (user, password)`` mappings." +msgstr "维护 ``(realm, uri) -> (user, password)`` 映射数据库。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Keep a database of ``(realm, uri) -> (user, password)`` mappings. A realm " +"of ``None`` is considered a catch-all realm, which is searched if no other " +"realm fits." +msgstr "" +"维护 ``(realm, uri) -> (user, password)`` 映射数据库。realm 为 ``None`` " +"视作全匹配，若没有其他合适的安全区域就会检索它。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:345 +msgid "" +"A variant of :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` that also has a " +"database of ``uri -> is_authenticated`` mappings. Can be used by a " +"BasicAuth handler to determine when to send authentication credentials " +"immediately instead of waiting for a ``401`` response first." +msgstr "" +":class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` 的一个变体，也带有 ``uri -> " +"is_authenticated`` 映射数据库。可被 BasicAuth 处理函数用于确定立即发送身份认证凭据的时机，而不是先等待 ``401`` " +"响应。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:355 +msgid "" +"This is a mixin class that helps with HTTP authentication, both to the " +"remote host and to a proxy. *password_mgr*, if given, should be something " +"that is compatible with :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr`; refer to section " +":ref:`http-password-mgr` for information on the interface that must be " +"supported. If *passwd_mgr* also provides ``is_authenticated`` and " +"``update_authenticated`` methods (see :ref:`http-password-mgr-with-prior-" +"auth`), then the handler will use the ``is_authenticated`` result for a " +"given URI to determine whether or not to send authentication credentials " +"with the request. If ``is_authenticated`` returns ``True`` for the URI, " +"credentials are sent. If ``is_authenticated`` is ``False``, credentials are" +" not sent, and then if a ``401`` response is received the request is re-sent" +" with the authentication credentials. If authentication succeeds, " +"``update_authenticated`` is called to set ``is_authenticated`` ``True`` for " +"the URI, so that subsequent requests to the URI or any of its super-URIs " +"will automatically include the authentication credentials." +msgstr "" +"这是一个帮助完成 HTTP 身份认证的混合类，对远程主机和代理都适用。参数 *password_mgr* 应与 " +":class:`HTTPPasswordMgr` 兼容；关于必须支持哪些接口，请参阅 :ref:`http-password-mgr` 对象的章节。如果" +" *password_mgr* 还提供 ``is_authenticated`` 和 ``update_authenticated`` 方法（请参阅 " +":ref:`http-password-mgr-with-prior-auth` 对象），则 handler 将对给定 URI 用到 " +"``is_authenticated`` 的结果，来确定是否随请求发送身份认证凭据。如果该 URI 的 ``is_authenticated`` 返回" +" ``True``，则发送凭据。如果 ``is_authenticated`` 为 ``False`` ，则不发送凭据，然后若收到 ``401`` " +"响应，则使用身份认证凭据重新发送请求。如果身份认证成功，则调用 ``update_authenticated`` 设置该 URI 的 " +"``is_authenticated`` 为 ``True``，这样后续对该 URI 或其所有父 URI 的请求将自动包含该身份认证凭据。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:372 +msgid "Added ``is_authenticated`` support." +msgstr "增加了对 ``is_authenticated`` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Handle authentication with the remote host. *password_mgr*, if given, should" +" be something that is compatible with :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr`; refer to " +"section :ref:`http-password-mgr` for information on the interface that must " +"be supported. HTTPBasicAuthHandler will raise a :exc:`ValueError` when " +"presented with a wrong Authentication scheme." +msgstr "" +"处理远程主机的身份认证。 *password_mgr* 应与 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr` 兼容；有关哪些接口是必须支持的，请参阅 " +":ref:`http-password-mgr` 章节。如果给出错误的身份认证方式， HTTPBasicAuthHandler 将会触发 " +":exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:387 ../../library/urllib.request.rst:421 +msgid "" +"Handle authentication with the proxy. *password_mgr*, if given, should be " +"something that is compatible with :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr`; refer to section" +" :ref:`http-password-mgr` for information on the interface that must be " +"supported." +msgstr "" +"处理有代理服务时的身份认证。 *password_mgr* 应与 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr` " +"兼容；有关哪些接口是必须支持的，请参阅 :ref:`http-password-mgr` 章节。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:395 +msgid "" +"This is a mixin class that helps with HTTP authentication, both to the " +"remote host and to a proxy. *password_mgr*, if given, should be something " +"that is compatible with :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr`; refer to section " +":ref:`http-password-mgr` for information on the interface that must be " +"supported." +msgstr "" +"这是一个帮助完成 HTTP 身份认证的混合类，对远程主机和代理都适用。参数 *password_mgr* 应与 " +":class:`HTTPPasswordMgr` 兼容；关于必须支持哪些接口，请参阅 :ref:`http-password-mgr` 的章节。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Handle authentication with the remote host. *password_mgr*, if given, should" +" be something that is compatible with :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr`; refer to " +"section :ref:`http-password-mgr` for information on the interface that must " +"be supported. When both Digest Authentication Handler and Basic " +"Authentication Handler are both added, Digest Authentication is always tried" +" first. If the Digest Authentication returns a 40x response again, it is " +"sent to Basic Authentication handler to Handle. This Handler method will " +"raise a :exc:`ValueError` when presented with an authentication scheme other" +" than Digest or Basic." +msgstr "" +"处理远程主机的身份认证。 *password_mgr* 应与 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr` 兼容；有关哪些接口是必须支持的，请参阅 " +":ref:`http-password-mgr` 章节。如果同时添加了 digest 身份认证 handler 和basic 身份认证 " +"handler，则会首先尝试 digest 身份认证。如果 digest 身份认证再返回 40x 响应，会再发送到 basic 身份验证 handler" +" 进行处理。如果给出 Digest 和 Basic 之外的身份认证方式， 本 handler 方法将会触发 :exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:414 +msgid "Raise :exc:`ValueError` on unsupported Authentication Scheme." +msgstr "碰到不支持的认证方式时，将会触发 :exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:429 +msgid "A class to handle opening of HTTP URLs." +msgstr "用于打开 HTTP URL 的 handler 类。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:434 +msgid "" +"A class to handle opening of HTTPS URLs. *context* and *check_hostname* " +"have the same meaning as in :class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`." +msgstr "" +"用于打开 HTTPS URL 的 handler 类。*context* 和 *check_hostname* 的含义与 " +":class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection` 的一样。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:437 +msgid "*context* and *check_hostname* were added." +msgstr "添加 *context* 和 *check_hostname* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:443 +msgid "Open local files." +msgstr "打开本地文件。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:447 +msgid "Open data URLs." +msgstr "打开数据 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:453 +msgid "Open FTP URLs." +msgstr "打开 FTP URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Open FTP URLs, keeping a cache of open FTP connections to minimize delays." +msgstr "打开 FTP URL，并将打开的 FTP 连接存入缓存，以便最大程度减少延迟。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:463 +msgid "A catch-all class to handle unknown URLs." +msgstr "处理所有未知类型 URL 的兜底类。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:468 ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1174 +msgid "Process HTTP error responses." +msgstr "处理出错的 HTTP 响应。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:474 +msgid "Request Objects" +msgstr "Request 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:476 +msgid "" +"The following methods describe :class:`Request`'s public interface, and so " +"all may be overridden in subclasses. It also defines several public " +"attributes that can be used by clients to inspect the parsed request." +msgstr "" +"以下方法介绍了 :class:`Request` " +"的公开接口，因此子类可以覆盖所有这些方法。这里还定义了几个公开属性，客户端可以利用这些属性了解经过解析的请求。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:483 +msgid "The original URL passed to the constructor." +msgstr "传给构造函数的原始 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:487 +msgid "" +"Request.full_url is a property with setter, getter and a deleter. Getting " +":attr:`~Request.full_url` returns the original request URL with the " +"fragment, if it was present." +msgstr "" +"Request.full_url 是一个带有 setter、getter 和 deleter 的属性。读取 " +":attr:`~Request.full_url` 属性将会返回附带片段（fragment）的初始请求 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:493 +msgid "The URI scheme." +msgstr "URI 方式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:497 +msgid "" +"The URI authority, typically a host, but may also contain a port separated " +"by a colon." +msgstr "URI 权限，通常是整个主机，但也有可能带有冒号分隔的端口号。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:502 +msgid "The original host for the request, without port." +msgstr "请求的原始主机，不含端口。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:506 +msgid "" +"The URI path. If the :class:`Request` uses a proxy, then selector will be " +"the full URL that is passed to the proxy." +msgstr "URI 路径。若 :class:`Request` 使用代理，selector 将会是传给代理的完整 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:511 +msgid "The entity body for the request, or ``None`` if not specified." +msgstr "请求的数据体，未给出则为 ``None`` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Changing value of :attr:`Request.data` now deletes \"Content-Length\" header" +" if it was previously set or calculated." +msgstr "现在如果修改 :attr:`Request.data` 的值，则会删除之前设置或计算过的“Content-Length”头部信息。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:519 +msgid "" +"boolean, indicates whether the request is unverifiable as defined by " +":rfc:`2965`." +msgstr "布尔值，标识本请求是否属于 :rfc:`2965` 中定义的无法验证的情况。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:524 +msgid "" +"The HTTP request method to use. By default its value is :const:`None`, " +"which means that :meth:`~Request.get_method` will do its normal computation " +"of the method to be used. Its value can be set (thus overriding the default" +" computation in :meth:`~Request.get_method`) either by providing a default " +"value by setting it at the class level in a :class:`Request` subclass, or by" +" passing a value in to the :class:`Request` constructor via the *method* " +"argument." +msgstr "" +"要采用的 HTTP 请求方法。默认为 :const:`None`，表示 :meth:`~Request.get_method` " +"将对方法进行正常处理。设置本值可以覆盖 :meth:`~Request.get_method` 中的默认处理过程，设置方式可以是在 " +":class:`Request` 的子类中给出默认值，也可以通过 *method* 参数给 :class:`Request` 构造函数传入一个值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:534 +msgid "" +"A default value can now be set in subclasses; previously it could only be " +"set via the constructor argument." +msgstr "现在可以在子类中设置默认值；而之前只能通过构造函数的实参进行设置。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:541 +msgid "" +"Return a string indicating the HTTP request method. If " +":attr:`Request.method` is not ``None``, return its value, otherwise return " +"``'GET'`` if :attr:`Request.data` is ``None``, or ``'POST'`` if it's not. " +"This is only meaningful for HTTP requests." +msgstr "" +"返回表示 HTTP 请求方法的字符串。如果 :attr:`Request.method` 不为 ``None`` ，则返回其值。否则若 " +":attr:`Request.data` 为 则返回 ``'GET'``，不为 ``None`` 则返回 ``'POST'`` 。只对 HTTP " +"请求有效。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:546 +msgid "get_method now looks at the value of :attr:`Request.method`." +msgstr "现在 get_method 会兼顾 :attr:`Request.method` 的值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:552 +msgid "" +"Add another header to the request. Headers are currently ignored by all " +"handlers except HTTP handlers, where they are added to the list of headers " +"sent to the server. Note that there cannot be more than one header with the" +" same name, and later calls will overwrite previous calls in case the *key* " +"collides. Currently, this is no loss of HTTP functionality, since all " +"headers which have meaning when used more than once have a (header-specific)" +" way of gaining the same functionality using only one header. Note that " +"headers added using this method are also added to redirected requests." +msgstr "" +"向请求添加一个标头。 标头目前会被所有处理器忽略但只有 HTTP 处理器是例外，该处理器会将它们加入发给服务器的标头列表中。 " +"请注意同名的标头只能有一个，当 *key* 发生冲突时后续的调用将会覆盖之前的调用。 目前，这并不会造成 HTTP " +"功能的损失，因为所有可多次使用而仍有意义的标头都有（特定标头专属的）方式来获得与仅使用一个标头时相同的功能。 " +"请注意使用此方法添加的标头也会被添加到重定向的请求中。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:564 +msgid "Add a header that will not be added to a redirected request." +msgstr "添加一项不会被加入重定向请求的头部信息。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:569 +msgid "" +"Return whether the instance has the named header (checks both regular and " +"unredirected)." +msgstr "返回本实例是否带有命名头部信息（对常规数据和非重定向数据都会检测）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:575 +msgid "" +"Remove named header from the request instance (both from regular and " +"unredirected headers)." +msgstr "从本请求实例中移除指定命名的头部信息（对常规数据和非重定向数据都会检测）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:583 +msgid "Return the URL given in the constructor." +msgstr "返回构造器中给定的 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:587 +msgid "Returns :attr:`Request.full_url`" +msgstr "返回 :attr:`Request.full_url`" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:592 +msgid "" +"Prepare the request by connecting to a proxy server. The *host* and *type* " +"will replace those of the instance, and the instance's selector will be the " +"original URL given in the constructor." +msgstr "" +"连接代理服务器，为当前请求做准备。 *host* 和 *type* 将会取代本实例中的对应值，selector 将会是构造函数中给出的初始 URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:599 +msgid "" +"Return the value of the given header. If the header is not present, return " +"the default value." +msgstr "返回给定头部信息的数据。如果该头部信息不存在，返回默认值。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:605 +msgid "" +"Return a list of tuples (header_name, header_value) of the Request headers." +msgstr "返回头部信息，形式为（名称, 数据）的元组列表。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:607 +msgid "" +"The request methods add_data, has_data, get_data, get_type, get_host, " +"get_selector, get_origin_req_host and is_unverifiable that were deprecated " +"since 3.3 have been removed." +msgstr "" +"自 3.3 " +"起已弃用的下列方法已被删除：add_data、has_data、get_data、get_type、get_host、get_selector、get_origin_req_host" +" 和 is_unverifiable 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:616 +msgid "OpenerDirector Objects" +msgstr "OpenerDirector 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:618 +msgid ":class:`OpenerDirector` instances have the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`OpenerDirector` 实例有以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:623 +msgid "" +"*handler* should be an instance of :class:`BaseHandler`. The following " +"methods are searched, and added to the possible chains (note that HTTP " +"errors are a special case). Note that, in the following, *protocol* should " +"be replaced with the actual protocol to handle, for example " +":meth:`http_response` would be the HTTP protocol response handler. Also " +"*type* should be replaced with the actual HTTP code, for example " +":meth:`http_error_404` would handle HTTP 404 errors." +msgstr "" +"*handler* 应为 :class:`BaseHandler` 的实例。将检索以下类型的方法，并将其添加到对应的处理链中（注意 HTTP " +"错误是特殊情况）。请注意，下文中的 *protocol* 应替换为要处理的实际协议，例如 :meth:`http_response` 将是 HTTP " +"协议响应处理函数。并且 *type* 也应替换为实际的 HTTP 代码，例如 :meth:`http_error_404` 将处理 HTTP 404 " +"错误。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:631 +msgid "" +":meth:`!_open` --- signal that the handler knows how to open " +"*protocol* URLs." +msgstr ":meth:`!_open` --- 表明该处理器知道如何打开 *protocol* URL。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:634 +msgid "See |protocol_open|_ for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 |protocol_open|_ 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:636 +msgid "" +":meth:`!http_error_\\` --- signal that the handler knows how to " +"handle HTTP errors with HTTP error code *type*." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!http_error_\\` --- 表明该处理器知道如何处理 HTTP 错误代码 *type* 对应的 HTTP " +"错误。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:639 +msgid "See |http_error_nnn|_ for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 |http_error_nnn|_ 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:641 +msgid "" +":meth:`!_error` --- signal that the handler knows how to handle " +"errors from (non-\\ ``http``) *protocol*." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!_error` --- 表明该处理器知道如何处理来自 (非 ``http``) *protocol* 的错误。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:644 +msgid "" +":meth:`!_request` --- signal that the handler knows how to pre-" +"process *protocol* requests." +msgstr ":meth:`!_request` --- 表明该处理器知道如何预处理 *protocol* 请求。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:647 +msgid "See |protocol_request|_ for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 |protocol_request|_ 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:649 +msgid "" +":meth:`!_response` --- signal that the handler knows how to post-" +"process *protocol* responses." +msgstr ":meth:`!_response` --- 表明该处理器知道如何后继处理 *protocol* 响应。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:652 +msgid "See |protocol_response|_ for more information." +msgstr "更多信息请参阅 |protocol_response|_ 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:661 +msgid "" +"Open the given *url* (which can be a request object or a string), optionally" +" passing the given *data*. Arguments, return values and exceptions raised " +"are the same as those of :func:`urlopen` (which simply calls the " +":meth:`open` method on the currently installed global " +":class:`OpenerDirector`). The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a " +"timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the connection attempt (if " +"not specified, the global default timeout setting will be used). The timeout" +" feature actually works only for HTTP, HTTPS and FTP connections." +msgstr "" +"打开给定的 *url* (可以是一个请求对象或一个字符串），可以选择传入给定的 *data*。 参数、返回值和被引发的异常均与 " +":func:`urlopen` 的相同 (它只是简单地在当前安装的全局 :class:`OpenerDirector` 上调用 :meth:`open`" +" 方法)。 可选的 *timeout* 形参指定了针对阻塞操作例如连接尝试的超时值 (如果未指明，则将使用全局默认的超时设置)。 超时特性仅适用于 " +"HTTP, HTTPS 和 FTP 连接。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:673 +msgid "" +"Handle an error of the given protocol. This will call the registered error " +"handlers for the given protocol with the given arguments (which are protocol" +" specific). The HTTP protocol is a special case which uses the HTTP " +"response code to determine the specific error handler; refer to the " +":meth:`!http_error_\\` methods of the handler classes." +msgstr "" +"处理一个给定协议的错误。 这将调用针对给定协议的已注册错误处理器并附带给定的参数（这是协议专属的）。 HTTP 协议是一种特殊情况，它使用 HTTP " +"响应码来确定具体的错误处理器；请参阅错误处理器类的 :meth:`!http_error_\\` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:679 +msgid "" +"Return values and exceptions raised are the same as those of " +":func:`urlopen`." +msgstr "返回值和异常均与 :func:`urlopen` 相同。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:681 +msgid "OpenerDirector objects open URLs in three stages:" +msgstr "OpenerDirector 对象分 3 个阶段打开 URL：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:683 +msgid "" +"The order in which these methods are called within each stage is determined " +"by sorting the handler instances." +msgstr "每个阶段中调用这些方法的次序取决于 handler 实例的顺序。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:686 +msgid "" +"Every handler with a method named like :meth:`!_request` has that " +"method called to pre-process the request." +msgstr "每个具有名称为 :meth:`!_request` 的方法的错误处理器都会调用该方法来对请求进行预处理。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:689 +msgid "" +"Handlers with a method named like :meth:`!_open` are called to " +"handle the request. This stage ends when a handler either returns a non-\\ " +":const:`None` value (ie. a response), or raises an exception (usually " +":exc:`~urllib.error.URLError`). Exceptions are allowed to propagate." +msgstr "" +"具有名称为 :meth:`!_open` 的方法的错误处理器将被调用以处理请求。 这一阶段将在错误处理器返回非 " +":const:`None` 值 (即一个响应) 或者引发异常 (通常为 :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError`) 时结束。 " +"异常将被允许传播。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:694 +msgid "" +"In fact, the above algorithm is first tried for methods named " +":meth:`~BaseHandler.default_open`. If all such methods return " +":const:`None`, the algorithm is repeated for methods named like " +":meth:`!_open`. If all such methods return :const:`None`, the " +"algorithm is repeated for methods named :meth:`~BaseHandler.unknown_open`." +msgstr "" +"实际上，以上算法会先尝试名为 :meth:`~BaseHandler.default_open` 的方法。 如果这些方法全都返回 " +":const:`None`，则会对名为 :meth:`!_open` 的方法重复此算法。 如果这些方法也全都返回 " +":const:`None`，则会继承对名为 :meth:`~BaseHandler.unknown_open` 的方法重复此算法。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:700 +msgid "" +"Note that the implementation of these methods may involve calls of the " +"parent :class:`OpenerDirector` instance's :meth:`~OpenerDirector.open` and " +":meth:`~OpenerDirector.error` methods." +msgstr "" +"请注意，这些方法的代码可能会调用 :class:`OpenerDirector` 父实例的 :meth:`~OpenerDirector.open` 和" +" :meth:`~OpenerDirector.error` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Every handler with a method named like :meth:`!_response` has that" +" method called to post-process the response." +msgstr "每个具有名称为 :meth:`!_response` 的方法的错误处理器都会调用该方法来对响应进行后续处理。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:711 +msgid "BaseHandler Objects" +msgstr "BaseHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:713 +msgid "" +":class:`BaseHandler` objects provide a couple of methods that are directly " +"useful, and others that are meant to be used by derived classes. These are " +"intended for direct use:" +msgstr ":class:`BaseHandler` 对象提供了一些直接可用的方法，以及其他一些可供派生类使用的方法。以下是可供直接使用的方法：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:720 +msgid "Add a director as parent." +msgstr "将 director 加为父 OpenerDirector。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:725 +msgid "Remove any parents." +msgstr "移除所有父 OpenerDirector。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:727 +msgid "" +"The following attribute and methods should only be used by classes derived " +"from :class:`BaseHandler`." +msgstr "以下属性和方法仅供 :class:`BaseHandler` 的子类使用：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:732 +msgid "" +"The convention has been adopted that subclasses defining " +":meth:`!_request` or :meth:`!_response` methods are " +"named :class:`!\\*Processor`; all others are named :class:`!\\*Handler`." +msgstr "" +"以下约定已被采纳：定义 :meth:`!_request` 或 :meth:`!_response` " +"方法的子类应当命名为 :class:`!\\*Processor`；所有其他子类应当命名为 :class:`!\\*Handler`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:739 +msgid "" +"A valid :class:`OpenerDirector`, which can be used to open using a different" +" protocol, or handle errors." +msgstr "一个可用的 :class:`OpenerDirector`，可用于以其他协议打开 URI，或处理错误。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:745 +msgid "" +"This method is *not* defined in :class:`BaseHandler`, but subclasses should " +"define it if they want to catch all URLs." +msgstr "本方法在 :class:`BaseHandler` 中 *未* 予定义，但其子类若要捕获所有 URL 则应进行定义。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:748 +msgid "" +"This method, if implemented, will be called by the parent " +":class:`OpenerDirector`. It should return a file-like object as described " +"in the return value of the :meth:`~OpenerDirector.open` method of " +":class:`OpenerDirector`, or ``None``. It should raise " +":exc:`~urllib.error.URLError`, unless a truly exceptional thing happens (for" +" example, :exc:`MemoryError` should not be mapped to " +":exc:`~urllib.error.URLError`)." +msgstr "" +"如果实现了本方法，则它将被上级 :class:`OpenerDirector` 所调用。 它应当返回一个如 " +":class:`OpenerDirector` 的 :meth:`~OpenerDirector.open` 方法的返回值所描述的文件型对象，或是返回 " +"``None``。 它应当引发 :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError`，除非发生真正的异常 " +"(例如，:exc:`MemoryError` 就不应被映射为 :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError`)。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:755 +msgid "This method will be called before any protocol-specific open method." +msgstr "本方法将会在所有协议的 open 方法之前被调用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:762 +msgid "" +"This method is *not* defined in :class:`BaseHandler`, but subclasses should " +"define it if they want to handle URLs with the given protocol." +msgstr "本方法在 :class:`BaseHandler` 中 *未* 予定义，但其子类若要处理给定协议的 URL 则应进行定义。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:765 +msgid "" +"This method, if defined, will be called by the parent " +":class:`OpenerDirector`. Return values should be the same as for " +":meth:`~BaseHandler.default_open`." +msgstr "" +"此方法如果被定义，它将被上级 :class:`OpenerDirector` 调用。 返回值应当与 " +":meth:`~BaseHandler.default_open` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:771 +msgid "" +"This method is *not* defined in :class:`BaseHandler`, but subclasses should " +"define it if they want to catch all URLs with no specific registered handler" +" to open it." +msgstr "" +"本方法在 :class:`BaseHandler` 中 *未* 予定义，但其子类若要捕获并打开所有未注册 handler 的 URL，则应进行定义。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:775 +msgid "" +"This method, if implemented, will be called by the :attr:`parent` " +":class:`OpenerDirector`. Return values should be the same as for " +":meth:`default_open`." +msgstr "" +"若实现了本方法，将会被 :attr:`parent` 属性指向的父 :class:`OpenerDirector` 调用。返回值和 " +":meth:`default_open` 的一样。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:782 +msgid "" +"This method is *not* defined in :class:`BaseHandler`, but subclasses should " +"override it if they intend to provide a catch-all for otherwise unhandled " +"HTTP errors. It will be called automatically by the " +":class:`OpenerDirector` getting the error, and should not normally be called" +" in other circumstances." +msgstr "" +"本方法在 :class:`BaseHandler` 中 *未* 予定义，但其子类若要为所有未定义 handler 的 HTTP " +"错误提供一个兜底方法，则应进行重写。:class:`OpenerDirector` 会自动调用本方法，获取错误信息，而通常在其他时候不应去调用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:787 +msgid "" +"*req* will be a :class:`Request` object, *fp* will be a file-like object " +"with the HTTP error body, *code* will be the three-digit code of the error, " +"*msg* will be the user-visible explanation of the code and *hdrs* will be a " +"mapping object with the headers of the error." +msgstr "" +"*req* 会是一个 :class:`Request` 对象，*fp* 是一个带有 HTTP 错误体的文件型对象，*code* " +"是三位数的错误码，*msg* 是供用户阅读的解释信息，*hdrs* 则是一个包含出错头部信息的字典对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:792 +msgid "" +"Return values and exceptions raised should be the same as those of " +":func:`urlopen`." +msgstr "返回值和触发的异常应与 :func:`urlopen` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:799 +msgid "" +"*nnn* should be a three-digit HTTP error code. This method is also not " +"defined in :class:`BaseHandler`, but will be called, if it exists, on an " +"instance of a subclass, when an HTTP error with code *nnn* occurs." +msgstr "" +"*nnn* 应为三位数的 HTTP 错误码。本方法在 :class:`BaseHandler` 中也未予定义，但当子类的实例发生代码为 *nnn* 的 " +"HTTP 错误时，若方法存在则会被调用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:803 +msgid "Subclasses should override this method to handle specific HTTP errors." +msgstr "子类应该重写本方法，以便能处理相应的 HTTP 错误。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:805 +msgid "" +"Arguments, return values and exceptions raised should be the same as for " +":meth:`~BaseHandler.http_error_default`." +msgstr "参数、返回值和被引发的异常应当与 :meth:`~BaseHandler.http_error_default` 的相同。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:813 +msgid "" +"This method is *not* defined in :class:`BaseHandler`, but subclasses should " +"define it if they want to pre-process requests of the given protocol." +msgstr "本方法在 :class:`BaseHandler` 中 *未* 予定义，但其子类若要对给定协议的请求进行预处理，则应进行定义。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:816 +msgid "" +"This method, if defined, will be called by the parent " +":class:`OpenerDirector`. *req* will be a :class:`Request` object. The return" +" value should be a :class:`Request` object." +msgstr "" +"若实现了本方法，将会被父 :class:`OpenerDirector` 调用。*req* 将为 :class:`Request` 对象。返回值应为 " +":class:`Request` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:825 +msgid "" +"This method is *not* defined in :class:`BaseHandler`, but subclasses should " +"define it if they want to post-process responses of the given protocol." +msgstr "本方法在 :class:`BaseHandler` 中 *未* 予定义，但其子类若要对给定协议的请求进行后处理，则应进行定义。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:828 +msgid "" +"This method, if defined, will be called by the parent " +":class:`OpenerDirector`. *req* will be a :class:`Request` object. *response*" +" will be an object implementing the same interface as the return value of " +":func:`urlopen`. The return value should implement the same interface as " +"the return value of :func:`urlopen`." +msgstr "" +"若实现了本方法，将会被父 :class:`OpenerDirector` 调用。*req* 将为 :class:`Request` " +"对象。*response* 应实现与 :func:`urlopen` 返回值相同的接口。返回值应实现与 :func:`urlopen` " +"返回值相同的接口。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:838 +msgid "HTTPRedirectHandler Objects" +msgstr "HTTPRedirectHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:842 +msgid "" +"Some HTTP redirections require action from this module's client code. If " +"this is the case, :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` is raised. See :rfc:`2616`" +" for details of the precise meanings of the various redirection codes." +msgstr "" +"某些 HTTP 重定向操作需要本模块的客户端代码提供的功能。这时会触发 " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError`。有关各种重定向代码的确切含义，请参阅 :rfc:`2616` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:846 +msgid "" +"An :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` exception raised as a security " +"consideration if the HTTPRedirectHandler is presented with a redirected URL " +"which is not an HTTP, HTTPS or FTP URL." +msgstr "" +"如果发给 HTTPRedirectHandler 的重定向 URL 不是 HTTP, HTTPS 或 FTP URL 则出于安全考虑将会引发 " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:853 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`Request` or ``None`` in response to a redirect. This is " +"called by the default implementations of the :meth:`!http_error_30\\*` " +"methods when a redirection is received from the server. If a redirection " +"should take place, return a new :class:`Request` to allow " +":meth:`!http_error_30\\*` to perform the redirect to *newurl*. Otherwise, " +"raise :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` if no other handler should try to " +"handle this URL, or return ``None`` if you can't but another handler might." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`Request` 或 ``None`` 作为对重定义的响应。 此方法将在服务器接收到重定向请求时由 " +":meth:`!http_error_30\\*` 方法的默认实现执行调用。 如果确实应当发生重定向，则返回一个新的 :class:`Request` " +"以允许 :meth:`!http_error_30\\*` 重定向到 *newurl*。 在其他情况下，如果没有其他处理器来处理此 URL 则会引发 " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError`，或者如果此方法不能处理但或许还有其他处理器会处理则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:863 +msgid "" +"The default implementation of this method does not strictly follow " +":rfc:`2616`, which says that 301 and 302 responses to ``POST`` requests must" +" not be automatically redirected without confirmation by the user. In " +"reality, browsers do allow automatic redirection of these responses, " +"changing the POST to a ``GET``, and the default implementation reproduces " +"this behavior." +msgstr "" +"本方法的默认实现代码并未严格遵循 :rfc:`2616`，即 ``POST`` 请求的 301 和 302 " +"响应不得在未经用户确认的情况下自动进行重定向。现实情况下，浏览器确实允许自动重定向这些响应，将 POST 更改为 ``GET`` " +"，于是默认实现代码就复现了这种处理方式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:872 +msgid "" +"Redirect to the ``Location:`` or ``URI:`` URL. This method is called by the" +" parent :class:`OpenerDirector` when getting an HTTP 'moved permanently' " +"response." +msgstr "" +"重定向到 ``Location:`` 或 ``URI:`` URL。 当得到 HTTP 'moved permanently' 响应时，本方法会被父级 " +":class:`OpenerDirector` 调用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:878 +msgid "" +"The same as :meth:`http_error_301`, but called for the 'found' response." +msgstr "与 :meth:`http_error_301` 相同，不过是发生“found”响应时的调用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:883 +msgid "" +"The same as :meth:`http_error_301`, but called for the 'see other' response." +msgstr "与 :meth:`http_error_301` 相同，不过是发生“see other”响应时的调用。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:888 +msgid "" +"The same as :meth:`http_error_301`, but called for the 'temporary redirect' " +"response. It does not allow changing the request method from ``POST`` to " +"``GET``." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`http_error_301` 一样，但是针对 '临时重定向' 响应进行调用。 它不允许将请求方法从 ``POST`` 改为 " +"``GET``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:895 +msgid "" +"The same as :meth:`http_error_301`, but called for the 'permanent redirect' " +"response. It does not allow changing the request method from ``POST`` to " +"``GET``." +msgstr "" +"与 :meth:`http_error_301` 一样，但是针对 '永久重定向' 响应进行调用。 它不允许将请求方法从 ``POST`` 改为 " +"``GET``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:905 +msgid "HTTPCookieProcessor Objects" +msgstr "HTTPCookieProcessor 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:907 +msgid ":class:`HTTPCookieProcessor` instances have one attribute:" +msgstr ":class:`HTTPCookieProcessor` 的实例具备一个属性：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:911 +msgid "The :class:`http.cookiejar.CookieJar` in which cookies are stored." +msgstr "cookie 存放在 :class:`http.cookiejar.CookieJar` 中。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:917 +msgid "ProxyHandler Objects" +msgstr "ProxyHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:923 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ProxyHandler` will have a method :meth:`!_open` for " +"every *protocol* which has a proxy in the *proxies* dictionary given in the " +"constructor. The method will modify requests to go through the proxy, by " +"calling ``request.set_proxy()``, and call the next handler in the chain to " +"actually execute the protocol." +msgstr "" +":class:`ProxyHandler` 将有对应每种 *protocol* 的 :meth:`!_open` " +"方法，在构造函数给出的 *proxies* 字典中包含相应的代理。 通过调用 " +"``request.set_proxy()``，本方法将把请求修改为通过代理，并调用链中的下一个处理器来实际执行协议。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:933 +msgid "HTTPPasswordMgr Objects" +msgstr "HTTPPasswordMgr 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:935 +msgid "" +"These methods are available on :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr` and " +":class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` objects." +msgstr "" +"以下方法 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgr` 和 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` " +"对象均有提供。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:941 +msgid "" +"*uri* can be either a single URI, or a sequence of URIs. *realm*, *user* and" +" *passwd* must be strings. This causes ``(user, passwd)`` to be used as " +"authentication tokens when authentication for *realm* and a super-URI of any" +" of the given URIs is given." +msgstr "" +"*uri* 可以是单个 URI，也可以是 URI 列表。*realm*、*user* 和 *passwd* 必须是字符串。这使得在为 *realm* " +"和超级 URI 进行身份认证时，``(user, passwd)`` 可用作认证令牌。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:949 +msgid "" +"Get user/password for given realm and URI, if any. This method will return " +"``(None, None)`` if there is no matching user/password." +msgstr "为给定 realm 和 URI 获取用户名和密码。如果没有匹配的用户名和密码，本方法将会返回 ``(None, None)`` 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:952 +msgid "" +"For :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` objects, the realm ``None`` " +"will be searched if the given *realm* has no matching user/password." +msgstr "" +"对于 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` 对象，如果给定 *realm* 没有匹配的用户名和密码，将搜索 " +"realm ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:959 +msgid "HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth Objects" +msgstr "HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:961 +msgid "" +"This password manager extends :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` to " +"support tracking URIs for which authentication credentials should always be " +"sent." +msgstr "" +"这是 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` 的扩展，以便对那些需要一直发送认证凭证的 URI 进行跟踪。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:968 +msgid "" +"*realm*, *uri*, *user*, *passwd* are as for " +":meth:`HTTPPasswordMgr.add_password`. *is_authenticated* sets the initial " +"value of the ``is_authenticated`` flag for the given URI or list of URIs. If" +" *is_authenticated* is specified as ``True``, *realm* is ignored." +msgstr "" +"*realm*、*uri*、*user*、*passwd* 的含义与 :meth:`HTTPPasswordMgr.add_password` " +"的相同。*is_authenticated* 为给定 URI 或 URI 列表设置 ``is_authenticated`` 标志的初始值。如果 " +"*is_authenticated* 设为 ``True`` ，则会忽略 *realm*。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:976 +msgid "Same as for :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` objects" +msgstr "与 :class:`HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` 对象的相同。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:982 +msgid "" +"Update the ``is_authenticated`` flag for the given *uri* or list of URIs." +msgstr "更新给定 *uri* 或 URI 列表的 ``is_authenticated`` 标志。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:988 +msgid "" +"Returns the current state of the ``is_authenticated`` flag for the given " +"URI." +msgstr "返回给定 URI ``is_authenticated`` 标志的当前状态。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:995 +msgid "AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects" +msgstr "AbstractBasicAuthHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"Handle an authentication request by getting a user/password pair, and re-" +"trying the request. *authreq* should be the name of the header where the " +"information about the realm is included in the request, *host* specifies the" +" URL and path to authenticate for, *req* should be the (failed) " +":class:`Request` object, and *headers* should be the error headers." +msgstr "" +"通过获取用户名和密码并重新尝试请求，以处理身份认证请求。 *authreq* 应该是请求中包含 realm 的头部信息名称，*host* " +"指定了需要进行身份认证的 URL 和路径，*req* 应为 (已失败的) :class:`Request` 对象 , *headers* " +"应该是出错的头部信息。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"*host* is either an authority (e.g. ``\"python.org\"``) or a URL containing " +"an authority component (e.g. ``\"http://python.org/\"``). In either case, " +"the authority must not contain a userinfo component (so, ``\"python.org\"`` " +"and ``\"python.org:80\"`` are fine, ``\"joe:password@python.org\"`` is not)." +msgstr "" +"*host* 要么是一个认证信息（例如 ``\"python.org\"`` ），要么是一个包含认证信息的 URL（如 " +"``\"http://python.org/\"`` ）。 不论是哪种格式，认证信息中都不能包含用户信息（因此， ``\"python.org\"`` " +"和 ``\"python.org:80\"`` 没问题，而 ``\"joe:password@python.org\"`` 则不行）。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1015 +msgid "HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects" +msgstr "HTTPBasicAuthHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1020 ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1031 +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1056 ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1067 +msgid "Retry the request with authentication information, if available." +msgstr "如果可用的话，请用身份认证信息重试请求。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1026 +msgid "ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects" +msgstr "ProxyBasicAuthHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1037 +msgid "AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects" +msgstr "AbstractDigestAuthHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"*authreq* should be the name of the header where the information about the " +"realm is included in the request, *host* should be the host to authenticate " +"to, *req* should be the (failed) :class:`Request` object, and *headers* " +"should be the error headers." +msgstr "" +"*authreq* 应为请求中有关 realm 的头部信息名称，*host* 应为需要进行身份认证的主机，*req* 应为（已失败的） " +":class:`Request` 对象， *headers* 则应为出错的头部信息。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1051 +msgid "HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects" +msgstr "HTTPDigestAuthHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1062 +msgid "ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects" +msgstr "ProxyDigestAuthHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1073 +msgid "HTTPHandler Objects" +msgstr "HTTPHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"Send an HTTP request, which can be either GET or POST, depending on " +"``req.has_data()``." +msgstr "发送 HTTP 请求，根据 ``req.has_data()`` 的结果，可能是 GET 或 POST 格式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1085 +msgid "HTTPSHandler Objects" +msgstr "HTTPSHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"Send an HTTPS request, which can be either GET or POST, depending on " +"``req.has_data()``." +msgstr "发送 HTTPS 请求，根据 ``req.has_data()`` 的结果，可能是 GET 或 POST 格式。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1097 +msgid "FileHandler Objects" +msgstr "FileHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"Open the file locally, if there is no host name, or the host name is " +"``'localhost'``." +msgstr "若无主机名或主机名为 ``'localhost'`` ，则打开本地文件。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"This method is applicable only for local hostnames. When a remote hostname " +"is given, a :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` is raised." +msgstr "本方法仅适用于本地主机名。 当给出一个远程主机名时，将会引发 :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1113 +msgid "DataHandler Objects" +msgstr "DataHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"Read a data URL. This kind of URL contains the content encoded in the URL " +"itself. The data URL syntax is specified in :rfc:`2397`. This implementation" +" ignores white spaces in base64 encoded data URLs so the URL may be wrapped " +"in whatever source file it comes from. But even though some browsers don't " +"mind about a missing padding at the end of a base64 encoded data URL, this " +"implementation will raise a :exc:`ValueError` in that case." +msgstr "" +"读取一个数据 URL。 这种 URL 在 URL 本身就包含了已编码内容。 数据 URL 语法是在 :rfc:`2397` 中规定的。 当前的实现会忽略" +" base64 编码的数据 URL 中的空格以便 URL 可以被包装在任何其所在的源文件中。 但是即使某些浏览器不会在意 base64 编码的数据 " +"URL 末尾缺失的填充字符，当前的实现仍会在此情况下引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1128 +msgid "FTPHandler Objects" +msgstr "FTPHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"Open the FTP file indicated by *req*. The login is always done with empty " +"username and password." +msgstr "打开由 *req* 给出的 FTP 文件。登录时的用户名和密码总是为空。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1140 +msgid "CacheFTPHandler Objects" +msgstr "CacheFTPHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1142 +msgid "" +":class:`CacheFTPHandler` objects are :class:`FTPHandler` objects with the " +"following additional methods:" +msgstr ":class:`CacheFTPHandler` 对象即为加入以下方法的 :class:`FTPHandler` 对象：" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1148 +msgid "Set timeout of connections to *t* seconds." +msgstr "设置连接超时为 *t* 秒。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1153 +msgid "Set maximum number of cached connections to *m*." +msgstr "设置已缓存的最大连接数为 *m* 。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1159 +msgid "UnknownHandler Objects" +msgstr "UnknownHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1164 +msgid "Raise a :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` exception." +msgstr "触发 :exc:`~urllib.error.URLError` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1170 +msgid "HTTPErrorProcessor Objects" +msgstr "HTTPErrorProcessor 对象" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1176 +msgid "For 200 error codes, the response object is returned immediately." +msgstr "对于 200 错误码，响应对象应立即返回。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"For non-200 error codes, this simply passes the job on to the " +":meth:`!http_error_\\` handler methods, via " +":meth:`OpenerDirector.error`. Eventually, :class:`HTTPDefaultErrorHandler` " +"will raise an :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` if no other handler handles the" +" error." +msgstr "" +"对于除 200 以外的错误代码，会仅通过 :meth:`OpenerDirector.error` 将任务传给 " +":meth:`!http_error_\\` 处理器方法。 最终，如果没有其他处理器来处理该错误则 " +":class:`HTTPDefaultErrorHandler` 将引发 :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError`。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1186 +msgid "Process HTTPS error responses." +msgstr "HTTPS 出错响应的处理。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1188 +msgid "The behavior is same as :meth:`http_response`." +msgstr "与 :meth:`http_response` 方法相同。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1194 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"In addition to the examples below, more examples are given in :ref:`urllib-" +"howto`." +msgstr ":ref:`urllib-howto` 中给出了更多的示例。" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"This example gets the python.org main page and displays the first 300 bytes " +"of it::" +msgstr "以下示例将抓取 python.org 主页并显示前 300 个字节的内容::" + +#: ../../library/urllib.request.rst:1202 +msgid "" +">>> import urllib.request\n" +">>> with urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/') as f:\n" +"... print(f.read(300))\n" +"...\n" +"b'\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\n" +">> with urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/') as f:\n" +"... print(f.read(100).decode('utf-8'))\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +"\n" +">> import urllib.request\n" +">>> f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... print(f.read(100).decode('utf-8'))\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... f.close()\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"', char.text)" +msgstr "" +"root = fromstring(xml_text)\n" +"for actor in root.findall('{http://people.example.com}actor'):\n" +" name = actor.find('{http://people.example.com}name')\n" +" print(name.text)\n" +" for char in actor.findall('{http://characters.example.com}character'):\n" +" print(' |-->', char.text)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:349 +msgid "" +"A better way to search the namespaced XML example is to create a dictionary " +"with your own prefixes and use those in the search functions::" +msgstr "一种更好的方式是搜索带命名空间的 XML 示例创建一个字典来存放你自己的前缀并在搜索函数中使用它们::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:352 +msgid "" +"ns = {'real_person': 'http://people.example.com',\n" +" 'role': 'http://characters.example.com'}\n" +"\n" +"for actor in root.findall('real_person:actor', ns):\n" +" name = actor.find('real_person:name', ns)\n" +" print(name.text)\n" +" for char in actor.findall('role:character', ns):\n" +" print(' |-->', char.text)" +msgstr "" +"ns = {'real_person': 'http://people.example.com',\n" +" 'role': 'http://characters.example.com'}\n" +"\n" +"for actor in root.findall('real_person:actor', ns):\n" +" name = actor.find('real_person:name', ns)\n" +" print(name.text)\n" +" for char in actor.findall('role:character', ns):\n" +" print(' |-->', char.text)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:361 +msgid "These two approaches both output::" +msgstr "这两种方式都会输出::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:363 +msgid "" +"John Cleese\n" +" |--> Lancelot\n" +" |--> Archie Leach\n" +"Eric Idle\n" +" |--> Sir Robin\n" +" |--> Gunther\n" +" |--> Commander Clement" +msgstr "" +"John Cleese\n" +" |--> Lancelot\n" +" |--> Archie Leach\n" +"Eric Idle\n" +" |--> Sir Robin\n" +" |--> Gunther\n" +" |--> Commander Clement" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:375 +msgid "XPath support" +msgstr "XPath支持" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:377 +msgid "" +"This module provides limited support for `XPath expressions " +"`_ for locating elements in a tree. The goal " +"is to support a small subset of the abbreviated syntax; a full XPath engine " +"is outside the scope of the module." +msgstr "" +"此模块提供了对 `XPath 表达式 `_ 的有限支持用于在树中定位元素。 " +"其目标是支持一个简化语法的较小子集；完整的 XPath 引擎超出了此模块的适用范围。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:383 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:782 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:385 +msgid "" +"Here's an example that demonstrates some of the XPath capabilities of the " +"module. We'll be using the ``countrydata`` XML document from the " +":ref:`Parsing XML ` section::" +msgstr "" +"下面是一个演示此模块的部分 XPath 功能的例子。 我们将使用来自 :ref:`解析 XML ` " +"小节的 ``countrydata`` XML 文档::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:389 +msgid "" +"import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n" +"\n" +"root = ET.fromstring(countrydata)\n" +"\n" +"# Top-level elements\n" +"root.findall(\".\")\n" +"\n" +"# All 'neighbor' grand-children of 'country' children of the top-level\n" +"# elements\n" +"root.findall(\"./country/neighbor\")\n" +"\n" +"# Nodes with name='Singapore' that have a 'year' child\n" +"root.findall(\".//year/..[@name='Singapore']\")\n" +"\n" +"# 'year' nodes that are children of nodes with name='Singapore'\n" +"root.findall(\".//*[@name='Singapore']/year\")\n" +"\n" +"# All 'neighbor' nodes that are the second child of their parent\n" +"root.findall(\".//neighbor[2]\")" +msgstr "" +"import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n" +"\n" +"root = ET.fromstring(countrydata)\n" +"\n" +"# 最高层级的元素\n" +"root.findall(\".\")\n" +"\n" +"# 最高层级下的 'country' 子元素的所有 'neighbor' 孙子元素\n" +"root.findall(\"./country/neighbor\")\n" +"\n" +"# 有一个 'year' 子元素的包含 name='Singapore' 的节点\n" +"root.findall(\".//year/..[@name='Singapore']\")\n" +"\n" +"# 是包含 name='Singapore' 的节点的子元素的 'year' 节点\n" +"root.findall(\".//*[@name='Singapore']/year\")\n" +"\n" +"# 是其父元素的第二个子元素的所有 'neighbor' 节点\n" +"root.findall(\".//neighbor[2]\")" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:409 +msgid "" +"For XML with namespaces, use the usual qualified ``{namespace}tag`` " +"notation::" +msgstr "对于带有命名空间的 XML，应使用通常的限定 ``{namespace}tag`` 标记法::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:411 +msgid "" +"# All dublin-core \"title\" tags in the document\n" +"root.findall(\".//{http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/}title\")" +msgstr "" +"# 文档中所有的 dublin-core \"title\" 标签\n" +"root.findall(\".//{http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/}title\")" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:416 +msgid "Supported XPath syntax" +msgstr "支持的XPath语法" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:421 +msgid "Syntax" +msgstr "语法" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:421 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:423 +msgid "``tag``" +msgstr "``tag``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:423 +msgid "" +"Selects all child elements with the given tag. For example, ``spam`` selects" +" all child elements named ``spam``, and ``spam/egg`` selects all " +"grandchildren named ``egg`` in all children named ``spam``. " +"``{namespace}*`` selects all tags in the given namespace, ``{*}spam`` " +"selects tags named ``spam`` in any (or no) namespace, and ``{}*`` only " +"selects tags that are not in a namespace." +msgstr "" +"选择具有给定标记的所有子元素。 例如，``spam`` 是选择名为 ``spam`` 的所有子元素，而 ``spam/egg`` 是在名为 " +"``spam`` 的子元素中选择所有名为 ``egg`` 的孙元素，``{*}spam`` 是在任意（或无）命名空间中选择名为 ``spam`` " +"的标记，而 ``{}*`` 是只选择不在一个命名空间中的标记。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:432 +msgid "Support for star-wildcards was added." +msgstr "增加了对星号通配符的支持。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:435 +msgid "``*``" +msgstr "``*``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Selects all child elements, including comments and processing instructions." +" For example, ``*/egg`` selects all grandchildren named ``egg``." +msgstr "选择所有子元素，包括注释和处理说明。例如 ``*/egg`` 选择所有名为 ``egg`` 的孙元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:439 +msgid "``.``" +msgstr "``.``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Selects the current node. This is mostly useful at the beginning of the " +"path, to indicate that it's a relative path." +msgstr "选择当前节点。这在路径的开头非常有用，用于指示它是相对路径。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:443 +msgid "``//``" +msgstr "``//``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:443 +msgid "" +"Selects all subelements, on all levels beneath the current element. For " +"example, ``.//egg`` selects all ``egg`` elements in the entire tree." +msgstr "选择所有子元素 在当前元素的所有下级中选择所有下级元素。 例如，``.//egg`` 是在整个树中选择所有 ``egg`` 元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:447 +msgid "``..``" +msgstr "``..``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:447 +msgid "" +"Selects the parent element. Returns ``None`` if the path attempts to reach " +"the ancestors of the start element (the element ``find`` was called on)." +msgstr "选择父元素。 如果路径试图前往起始元素的上级（元素的 ``find`` 被调用）则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:451 +msgid "``[@attrib]``" +msgstr "``[@attrib]``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:451 +msgid "Selects all elements that have the given attribute." +msgstr "选择具有给定属性的所有元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:453 +msgid "``[@attrib='value']``" +msgstr "``[@attrib='value']``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements for which the given attribute has the given value. The" +" value cannot contain quotes." +msgstr "选择给定属性具有给定值的所有元素。该值不能包含引号。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:457 +msgid "``[@attrib!='value']``" +msgstr "``[@attrib!='value']``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:457 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements for which the given attribute does not have the given " +"value. The value cannot contain quotes." +msgstr "选择给定属性不具有给定值的所有元素。 该值不能包含引号。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:463 +msgid "``[tag]``" +msgstr "``[tag]``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements that have a child named ``tag``. Only immediate " +"children are supported." +msgstr "选择所有包含 ``tag`` 子元素的元素。只支持直系子元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:466 +msgid "``[.='text']``" +msgstr "``[.='text']``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements whose complete text content, including descendants, " +"equals the given ``text``." +msgstr "选择完整文本内容等于 ``text`` 的所有元素（包括后代）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:471 +msgid "``[.!='text']``" +msgstr "``[.!='text']``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:471 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements whose complete text content, including descendants, " +"does not equal the given ``text``." +msgstr "选择完整文本内容包括其下级内容不等于给定的 ``text`` 的所有元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:477 +msgid "``[tag='text']``" +msgstr "``[tag='text']``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:477 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements that have a child named ``tag`` whose complete text " +"content, including descendants, equals the given ``text``." +msgstr "选择所有包含名为 ``tag`` 的子元素的元素，这些子元素（包括后代）的完整文本内容等于给定的 ``text`` 。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:481 +msgid "``[tag!='text']``" +msgstr "``[tag!='text']``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:481 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements that have a child named ``tag`` whose complete text " +"content, including descendants, does not equal the given ``text``." +msgstr "选择具有名为 ``tag`` 的子元素的所有元素，这些子元素包括其下级元素的完整文本内容不等于给定的 ``text``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:487 +msgid "``[position]``" +msgstr "``[position]``" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:487 +msgid "" +"Selects all elements that are located at the given position. The position " +"can be either an integer (1 is the first position), the expression " +"``last()`` (for the last position), or a position relative to the last " +"position (e.g. ``last()-1``)." +msgstr "" +"选择位于给定位置的所有元素。 位置可以是一个整数 (1 表示首位)，表达式 ``last()`` (表示末位)，或者相对于末位的位置 (例如 " +"``last()-1``)。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Predicates (expressions within square brackets) must be preceded by a tag " +"name, an asterisk, or another predicate. ``position`` predicates must be " +"preceded by a tag name." +msgstr "谓词（方括号内的表达式）之前必须带有标签名称，星号或其他谓词。``position`` 谓词前必须有标签名称。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:499 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:834 +msgid "Reference" +msgstr "参考" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:504 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:839 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:508 +msgid "" +"`C14N 2.0 `_ transformation function." +msgstr "`C14N 2.0 `_ 转换功能。." + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Canonicalization is a way to normalise XML output in a way that allows byte-" +"by-byte comparisons and digital signatures. It reduces the freedom that XML" +" serializers have and instead generates a more constrained XML " +"representation. The main restrictions regard the placement of namespace " +"declarations, the ordering of attributes, and ignorable whitespace." +msgstr "" +"规整化是标准化 XML 输出的一种方式，它允许按字节比较和使用数字签名。 它降低了 XML 序列化器所具有的自由度并改为生成更受约束的 XML " +"表示形式。 主要限制涉及命名空间声明的位置、属性的顺序和可忽略的空白符等。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:516 +msgid "" +"This function takes an XML data string (*xml_data*) or a file path or file-" +"like object (*from_file*) as input, converts it to the canonical form, and " +"writes it out using the *out* file(-like) object, if provided, or returns it" +" as a text string if not. The output file receives text, not bytes. It " +"should therefore be opened in text mode with ``utf-8`` encoding." +msgstr "" +"此函数接受一个 XML 数字字符串 (*xml_data*) 或文件路径或者文件型对象 (*from_file*) " +"作为输入，将其转换为规整形式，并在提供了 *out* 文件（类）对象的情况下将其写到该对象的话，或者如果未提供则将其作为文本字符串返回。 " +"输出文件接受文本而非字节数据。 因此它应当以使用 ``utf-8`` 编码格式的文本模式来打开。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:523 +msgid "Typical uses::" +msgstr "典型使用::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:525 +msgid "" +"xml_data = \"...\"\n" +"print(canonicalize(xml_data))\n" +"\n" +"with open(\"c14n_output.xml\", mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as out_file:\n" +" canonicalize(xml_data, out=out_file)\n" +"\n" +"with open(\"c14n_output.xml\", mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as out_file:\n" +" canonicalize(from_file=\"inputfile.xml\", out=out_file)" +msgstr "" +"xml_data = \"...\"\n" +"print(canonicalize(xml_data))\n" +"\n" +"with open(\"c14n_output.xml\", mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as out_file:\n" +" canonicalize(xml_data, out=out_file)\n" +"\n" +"with open(\"c14n_output.xml\", mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as out_file:\n" +" canonicalize(from_file=\"inputfile.xml\", out=out_file)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:534 +msgid "The configuration *options* are as follows:" +msgstr "配置选项 *options* 如下:" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:536 +msgid "*with_comments*: set to true to include comments (default: false)" +msgstr "*with_comments*: 设为真值以包括注释 (默认为假值)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:537 +msgid "" +"*strip_text*: set to true to strip whitespace before and after text content" +msgstr "*strip_text*: 设为真值以去除文本内容前后的空白符" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:538 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:540 +msgid "(default: false)" +msgstr "（默认值：否）" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:539 +msgid "" +"*rewrite_prefixes*: set to true to replace namespace prefixes by " +"\"n{number}\"" +msgstr "*rewrite_prefixes*: 设为真值以替换带有 \"n{number}\" 前缀的命名空间" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:541 +msgid "*qname_aware_tags*: a set of qname aware tag names in which prefixes" +msgstr "*qname_aware_tags*: 一组可感知限定名称的标记名称，其中的前缀" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:542 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:544 +msgid "should be replaced in text content (default: empty)" +msgstr "应当在文本内容中被替换 (默认为空值)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:543 +msgid "" +"*qname_aware_attrs*: a set of qname aware attribute names in which prefixes" +msgstr "*qname_aware_attrs*: 一组可感知限定名称的属性名称，其中的前缀" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:545 +msgid "" +"*exclude_attrs*: a set of attribute names that should not be serialised" +msgstr "*exclude_attrs*: 一组不应当被序列化的属性名称" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:546 +msgid "*exclude_tags*: a set of tag names that should not be serialised" +msgstr "*exclude_tags*: 一组不应当被序列化的标记名称" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:548 +msgid "" +"In the option list above, \"a set\" refers to any collection or iterable of " +"strings, no ordering is expected." +msgstr "在上面的选项列表中，\"一组\" 是指任意多项集或包含字符串的可迭代对象，排序是不必要的。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:556 +msgid "" +"Comment element factory. This factory function creates a special element " +"that will be serialized as an XML comment by the standard serializer. The " +"comment string can be either a bytestring or a Unicode string. *text* is a " +"string containing the comment string. Returns an element instance " +"representing a comment." +msgstr "" +"注释元素工厂函数。 这个工厂函数可创建一个特殊元素，它将被标准序列化器当作 XML 注释来进行序列化。 注释字串可以是字节串或是 Unicode " +"字符串。 *text* 是包含注释字串的字符串。 返回一个表示注释的元素实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Note that :class:`XMLParser` skips over comments in the input instead of " +"creating comment objects for them. An :class:`ElementTree` will only contain" +" comment nodes if they have been inserted into to the tree using one of the " +":class:`Element` methods." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :class:`XMLParser` 会跳过输入中的注释而不会为其创建注释对象。 :class:`ElementTree` 将只在当使用某个 " +":class:`Element` 方法向树插入了注释节点时才会包含注释节点。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:569 +msgid "" +"Writes an element tree or element structure to sys.stdout. This function " +"should be used for debugging only." +msgstr "将一个元素树或元素结构体写入到 sys.stdout。 此函数应当只被用于调试。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:572 +msgid "" +"The exact output format is implementation dependent. In this version, it's " +"written as an ordinary XML file." +msgstr "实际输出格式是依赖于具体实现的。 在这个版本中，它将以普通 XML 文件的格式写入。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:575 +msgid "*elem* is an element tree or an individual element." +msgstr "*elem* 是一个元素树或单独元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:577 +msgid "" +"The :func:`dump` function now preserves the attribute order specified by the" +" user." +msgstr ":func:`dump` 函数现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Parses an XML section from a string constant. Same as :func:`XML`. *text* " +"is a string containing XML data. *parser* is an optional parser instance. " +"If not given, the standard :class:`XMLParser` parser is used. Returns an " +":class:`Element` instance." +msgstr "" +"根据一个字符串常量解析 XML 的节。 与 :func:`XML` 类似。 *text* 是包含 XML 数据的字符串。 *parser* " +"是可选的解析器实例。 如果未给出，则会使用标准 :class:`XMLParser` 解析器。 返回一个 :class:`Element` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:592 +msgid "" +"Parses an XML document from a sequence of string fragments. *sequence* is a" +" list or other sequence containing XML data fragments. *parser* is an " +"optional parser instance. If not given, the standard :class:`XMLParser` " +"parser is used. Returns an :class:`Element` instance." +msgstr "" +"根据一个字符串片段序列解析 XML 文档。 *sequence* 是包含 XML 数据片段的列表或其他序列对象。 *parser* 是可选的解析器实例。" +" 如果未给出，则会使用标准的 :class:`XMLParser` 解析器。 返回一个 :class:`Element` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:602 +msgid "" +"Appends whitespace to the subtree to indent the tree visually. This can be " +"used to generate pretty-printed XML output. *tree* can be an Element or " +"ElementTree. *space* is the whitespace string that will be inserted for " +"each indentation level, two space characters by default. For indenting " +"partial subtrees inside of an already indented tree, pass the initial " +"indentation level as *level*." +msgstr "" +"添加空格到子树来实现树的缩进效果。 这可以被用来生成美化打印的 XML 输出。 *tree* 可以为 Element 或 ElementTree。 " +"*space* 是对应将被插入的每个缩进层级的空格字符串，默认为两个空格符。 要对已缩进的树的部分子树进行缩进，请传入初始缩进层级作为 *level*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Check if an object appears to be a valid element object. *element* is an " +"element instance. Return ``True`` if this is an element object." +msgstr "检测一个对象是否为有效的元素对象。 *element* 是一个元素实例。 如果对象是一个元素对象则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:620 +msgid "" +"Parses an XML section into an element tree incrementally, and reports what's" +" going on to the user. *source* is a filename or :term:`file object` " +"containing XML data. *events* is a sequence of events to report back. The " +"supported events are the strings ``\"start\"``, ``\"end\"``, " +"``\"comment\"``, ``\"pi\"``, ``\"start-ns\"`` and ``\"end-ns\"`` (the \"ns\"" +" events are used to get detailed namespace information). If *events* is " +"omitted, only ``\"end\"`` events are reported. *parser* is an optional " +"parser instance. If not given, the standard :class:`XMLParser` parser is " +"used. *parser* must be a subclass of :class:`XMLParser` and can only use " +"the default :class:`TreeBuilder` as a target. Returns an :term:`iterator` " +"providing ``(event, elem)`` pairs; it has a ``root`` attribute that " +"references the root element of the resulting XML tree once *source* is fully" +" read. The iterator has the :meth:`!close` method that closes the internal " +"file object if *source* is a filename." +msgstr "" +"增量式地将一个 XML 节解析为元素树，并向用户报告执行情况。 *source* 是包含 XML 数据的文件名或 :term:`file " +"object`。 *events* 是要往回报告的事件序列。 受支持的事件对应字符串有 ``\"start\"``, ``\"end\"``, " +"``\"comment\"``, ``\"pi\"``, ``\"start-ns\"`` 和 ``\"end-ns\"`` (\"ns\" " +"事件用于获取详细的命名空间信息)。 如果省略了 *events*，则只有 ``\"end\"`` 事件会被报告。 *parser* 是可选的解析器实例。" +" 如果未给出，则会使用标准的 :class:`XMLParser` 解析器。 *parser* 必须为 :class:`XMLParser` " +"的子类并且只能使用默认的 :class:`TreeBuilder` 作为目标。 返回一个提供 ``(event, elem)`` 对的 " +":term:`iterator`；它有一个 ``root`` 属性将在 *source* 被完整读取后指向结果 XML 树的根元素。 该迭代器具有 " +":meth:`!close` 方法，可在 *source* 为文件名时关闭内部文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:636 +msgid "" +"Note that while :func:`iterparse` builds the tree incrementally, it issues " +"blocking reads on *source* (or the file it names). As such, it's unsuitable" +" for applications where blocking reads can't be made. For fully non-" +"blocking parsing, see :class:`XMLPullParser`." +msgstr "" +"请注意虽然 :func:`iterparse` 是以增量方式构建树，但它会对 *source* (或其所指定的文件) 发出阻塞式读取。 " +"因此，它不适用于不可执行阻塞式读取的应用。 对于完全非阻塞式的解析，请参看 :class:`XMLPullParser`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:643 +msgid "" +":func:`iterparse` only guarantees that it has seen the \">\" character of a " +"starting tag when it emits a \"start\" event, so the attributes are defined," +" but the contents of the text and tail attributes are undefined at that " +"point. The same applies to the element children; they may or may not be " +"present." +msgstr "" +":func:`iterparse` 只会确保当发出 \"start\" 事件时看到了开始标记的 \">\" " +"字符，因而在这个点上属性已被定义，但文本容和末尾属性还未被定义。 这同样适用于元素的下级；它们可能存在也可能不存在。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:649 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1522 +msgid "If you need a fully populated element, look for \"end\" events instead." +msgstr "如果你需要已完全填充的元素，请改为查找 \"end\" 事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:651 +msgid "The *parser* argument." +msgstr "*parser* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:654 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1526 +msgid "The ``comment`` and ``pi`` events were added." +msgstr "增加了 ``comment`` 和 ``pi`` 事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:657 +msgid "Added the :meth:`!close` method." +msgstr "增加了 :meth:`!close` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:663 +msgid "" +"Parses an XML section into an element tree. *source* is a filename or file " +"object containing XML data. *parser* is an optional parser instance. If " +"not given, the standard :class:`XMLParser` parser is used. Returns an " +":class:`ElementTree` instance." +msgstr "" +"将一个 XML 的节解析为元素树。 *source* 是包含 XML 数据的文件名或文件对象。 *parser* 是可选的解析器实例。 " +"如果未给出，则会使用标准的 :class:`XMLParser` 解析器。 返回一个 :class:`ElementTree` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:671 +msgid "" +"PI element factory. This factory function creates a special element that " +"will be serialized as an XML processing instruction. *target* is a string " +"containing the PI target. *text* is a string containing the PI contents, if" +" given. Returns an element instance, representing a processing instruction." +msgstr "" +"PI 元素工厂函数。 这个工厂函数可创建一个特殊元素，它将被当作 XML 处理指令来进行序列化。 *target* 是包含 PI 目标的字符串。 " +"*text* 如果给出则是包含 PI 内容的字符串。 返回一个表示处理指令的元素实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:676 +msgid "" +"Note that :class:`XMLParser` skips over processing instructions in the input" +" instead of creating PI objects for them. An :class:`ElementTree` will only " +"contain processing instruction nodes if they have been inserted into to the " +"tree using one of the :class:`Element` methods." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :class:`XMLParser` 会跳过输入中的处理指令而不会为其创建 PI 对象。 :class:`ElementTree` " +"将只在当使用某个 :class:`Element` 方法向树插入了处理指令节点时才会包含它们。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Registers a namespace prefix. The registry is global, and any existing " +"mapping for either the given prefix or the namespace URI will be removed. " +"*prefix* is a namespace prefix. *uri* is a namespace uri. Tags and " +"attributes in this namespace will be serialized with the given prefix, if at" +" all possible." +msgstr "" +"注册一个命名空间前缀。 这个注册表是全局的，并且任何对应给定前缀或命名空间 URI 的现有映射都会被移除。 *prefix* 是命名空间前缀。 " +"*uri* 是命名空间 URI。 如果可能的话，这个命名空间中的标记和属性将附带给定的前缀来进行序列化。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Subelement factory. This function creates an element instance, and appends " +"it to an existing element." +msgstr "子元素工厂函数。 这个函数会创建一个元素实例，并将其添加到现有的元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:698 +msgid "" +"The element name, attribute names, and attribute values can be either " +"bytestrings or Unicode strings. *parent* is the parent element. *tag* is " +"the subelement name. *attrib* is an optional dictionary, containing element" +" attributes. *extra* contains additional attributes, given as keyword " +"arguments. Returns an element instance." +msgstr "" +"元素名、属性名和属性值可以是字节串或 Unicode 字符串。 *parent* 是父元素。 *tag* 是子元素名。 *attrib* " +"是一个可选的字典，其中包含元素属性。 *extra* 包含额外的属性，以关键字参数形式给出。 返回一个元素实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:709 +msgid "" +"Generates a string representation of an XML element, including all " +"subelements. *element* is an :class:`Element` instance. *encoding* [1]_ is" +" the output encoding (default is US-ASCII). Use ``encoding=\"unicode\"`` to" +" generate a Unicode string (otherwise, a bytestring is generated). *method*" +" is either ``\"xml\"``, ``\"html\"`` or ``\"text\"`` (default is " +"``\"xml\"``). *xml_declaration*, *default_namespace* and " +"*short_empty_elements* has the same meaning as in :meth:`ElementTree.write`." +" Returns an (optionally) encoded string containing the XML data." +msgstr "" +"生成一个 XML 元素的字符串表示形式，包括所有子元素。 *element* 是一个 :class:`Element` 实例。 *encoding* " +"[1]_ 是输出编码格式（默认为 US-ASCII）。 请使用 ``encoding=\"unicode\"`` 来生成 Unicode " +"字符串（否则生成字节串）。 *method* 是 ``\"xml\"``, ``\"html\"`` 或 ``\"text\"`` (默认为 " +"``\"xml\"``)。 *xml_declaration*, *default_namespace* 和 " +"*short_empty_elements* 具有与 :meth:`ElementTree.write` 中一致的含义。 返回一个包含 XML " +"数据（可选）已编码的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:718 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:745 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1199 +msgid "Added the *short_empty_elements* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *short_empty_elements* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:721 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:748 +msgid "Added the *xml_declaration* and *default_namespace* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *xml_declaration* 和 *default_namespace* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:724 +msgid "" +"The :func:`tostring` function now preserves the attribute order specified by" +" the user." +msgstr ":func:`tostring` 函数现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:733 +msgid "" +"Generates a string representation of an XML element, including all " +"subelements. *element* is an :class:`Element` instance. *encoding* [1]_ is" +" the output encoding (default is US-ASCII). Use ``encoding=\"unicode\"`` to" +" generate a Unicode string (otherwise, a bytestring is generated). *method*" +" is either ``\"xml\"``, ``\"html\"`` or ``\"text\"`` (default is " +"``\"xml\"``). *xml_declaration*, *default_namespace* and " +"*short_empty_elements* has the same meaning as in :meth:`ElementTree.write`." +" Returns a list of (optionally) encoded strings containing the XML data. It " +"does not guarantee any specific sequence, except that " +"``b\"\".join(tostringlist(element)) == tostring(element)``." +msgstr "" +"生成一个 XML 元素的字符串表示形式，包括所有子元素。 *element* 是一个 :class:`Element` 实例。 *encoding* " +"[1]_ 是输出编码格式（默认为 US-ASCII）。 请使用 ``encoding=\"unicode\"`` 来生成 Unicode " +"字符串（否则生成字节串）。 *method* 是 ``\"xml\"``, ``\"html\"`` 或 ``\"text\"`` (默认为 " +"``\"xml\"``)。 *xml_declaration*, *default_namespace* 和 " +"*short_empty_elements* 具有与 :meth:`ElementTree.write` 中一致的含义。 返回一个包含 XML " +"数据（可选）已编码字符串的列表。 它并不保证任何特定的序列，除了 ``b\"\".join(tostringlist(element)) == " +"tostring(element)``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:751 +msgid "" +"The :func:`tostringlist` function now preserves the attribute order " +"specified by the user." +msgstr ":func:`tostringlist` 函数现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:758 +msgid "" +"Parses an XML section from a string constant. This function can be used to " +"embed \"XML literals\" in Python code. *text* is a string containing XML " +"data. *parser* is an optional parser instance. If not given, the standard " +":class:`XMLParser` parser is used. Returns an :class:`Element` instance." +msgstr "" +"根据一个字符串常量解析 XML 的节。 此函数可被用于在 Python 代码中嵌入“XML 字面值”。 *text* 是包含 XML 数据的字符串。 " +"*parser* 是可选的解析器实例。 如果未给出，则会使用标准的 :class:`XMLParser` 解析器。 返回一个 " +":class:`Element` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:766 +msgid "" +"Parses an XML section from a string constant, and also returns a dictionary " +"which maps from element id:s to elements. *text* is a string containing XML" +" data. *parser* is an optional parser instance. If not given, the standard" +" :class:`XMLParser` parser is used. Returns a tuple containing an " +":class:`Element` instance and a dictionary." +msgstr "" +"根据一个字符串常量解析 XML 的节，并且还将返回一个将元素的 id:s 映射到元素的字典。 *text* 是包含 XML 数据的字符串。 " +"*parser* 是可选的解析器实例。 如果未给出，则会使用标准的 :class:`XMLParser` 解析器。 返回一个包含 " +":class:`Element` 实例和字典的元组。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:776 +msgid "XInclude support" +msgstr "XInclude 支持" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:778 +msgid "" +"This module provides limited support for `XInclude directives " +"`_, via the :mod:`xml.etree.ElementInclude`" +" helper module. This module can be used to insert subtrees and text strings" +" into element trees, based on information in the tree." +msgstr "" +"此模块通过 :mod:`xml.etree.ElementInclude` 辅助模块提供了对 `XInclude 指令 " +"`_ 的有限支持，这个模块可被用来根据元素树的信息在其中插入子树和文本字符串。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Here's an example that demonstrates use of the XInclude module. To include " +"an XML document in the current document, use the " +"``{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}include`` element and set the **parse** " +"attribute to ``\"xml\"``, and use the **href** attribute to specify the " +"document to include." +msgstr "" +"以下是一个演示 XInclude 模块用法的例子。 要在当前文本中包括一个 XML 文档，请使用 " +"``{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}include`` 元素并将 **parse** 属性设为 " +"``\"xml\"``，并使用 **href** 属性来指定要包括的文档。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:786 +msgid "" +"\n" +"\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" +"\n" +"\n" +" \n" +"" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:793 +msgid "" +"By default, the **href** attribute is treated as a file name. You can use " +"custom loaders to override this behaviour. Also note that the standard " +"helper does not support XPointer syntax." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，**href** 属性会被当作文件名来处理。 你可以使用自定义加载器来覆盖此行为。 还要注意标准辅助器不支持 XPointer 语法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:795 +msgid "" +"To process this file, load it as usual, and pass the root element to the " +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module:" +msgstr "要处理这个文件，请正常加载它，并将根元素传给 :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` 模块:" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:797 +msgid "" +"from xml.etree import ElementTree, ElementInclude\n" +"\n" +"tree = ElementTree.parse(\"document.xml\")\n" +"root = tree.getroot()\n" +"\n" +"ElementInclude.include(root)" +msgstr "" +"from xml.etree import ElementTree, ElementInclude\n" +"\n" +"tree = ElementTree.parse(\"document.xml\")\n" +"root = tree.getroot()\n" +"\n" +"ElementInclude.include(root)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:806 +msgid "" +"The ElementInclude module replaces the " +"``{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}include`` element with the root element " +"from the **source.xml** document. The result might look something like this:" +msgstr "" +"ElementInclude 模块使用来自 **source.xml** 文档的根元素替代 " +"``{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}include`` 元素。 结果看起来大概是这样:" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:808 +msgid "" +"\n" +" This is a paragraph.\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"\n" +" This is a paragraph.\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:814 +msgid "" +"If the **parse** attribute is omitted, it defaults to \"xml\". The href " +"attribute is required." +msgstr "如果省略了 **parse** 属性，它会取默认的 \"xml\"。 要求有 href 属性。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:816 +msgid "" +"To include a text document, use the " +"``{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}include`` element, and set the **parse** " +"attribute to \"text\":" +msgstr "" +"要包括文本文档，请使用 ``{http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude}include`` 元素，并将 **parse** " +"属性设为 \"text\":" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:818 +msgid "" +"\n" +"\n" +" Copyright (c) .\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"\n" +"\n" +" Copyright (c) .\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:825 +msgid "The result might look something like:" +msgstr "结果可能如下所示：" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:827 +msgid "" +"\n" +" Copyright (c) 2003.\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"\n" +" Copyright (c) 2003.\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:845 +msgid "" +"Default loader. This default loader reads an included resource from disk. " +"*href* is a URL. *parse* is for parse mode either \"xml\" or \"text\". " +"*encoding* is an optional text encoding. If not given, encoding is " +"``utf-8``. Returns the expanded resource. If the parse mode is ``\"xml\"``, " +"this is an :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` instance. If the parse " +"mode is ``\"text\"``, this is a string. If the loader fails, it can return " +"``None`` or raise an exception." +msgstr "" +"默认的加载器。 这个默认的加载器会从磁盘读取所包括的资源。 *href* 是一个 URL。 *parse* 是取值为 \"xml\" 或 " +"\"text\" 的解析模式。 *encoding* 是可选的文本编码格式。 如果未给出，则编码格式为 ``utf-8``。 返回已扩展的资源。 " +"如果解析模式为 ``\"xml\"``，则它是一个 :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` 实例。 " +"如果解析模式为 ``\"text\"``，则它是一个字符串。 如果加载器失败，它可以返回 ``None`` 或者引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:856 +msgid "" +"This function expands XInclude directives in-place in tree pointed by " +"*elem*. *elem* is either the root :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` or" +" an :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` instance to find such " +"element. *loader* is an optional resource loader. If omitted, it defaults " +"to :func:`default_loader`. If given, it should be a callable that implements" +" the same interface as :func:`default_loader`. *base_url* is base URL of " +"the original file, to resolve relative include file references. *max_depth*" +" is the maximum number of recursive inclusions. Limited to reduce the risk " +"of malicious content explosion. Pass ``None`` to disable the limitation." +msgstr "" +"这个函数会在 *elem* 指向的树上原地扩展 XInclude 指令。 *elem* 是根 " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` 或用于查找相应元素的 " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` 实例。 *loader* 是可选的资源加载器。 " +"如果省略，则它默认为 :func:`default_loader`。 如果给出，则它应当是一个实现了与 :func:`default_loader` " +"相同接口的可调用对象。 *base_url* 是原始文件的基准 URL,用于求解相对的包括文件引用。 *max_depth* 是递归包括的最大数量。 " +"此限制是为了减少恶意内容爆破的风险。 传入 ``None`` 可禁用此限制。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:866 +msgid "Added the *base_url* and *max_depth* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *base_url* 和 *max_depth* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:873 +msgid "Element Objects" +msgstr "元素对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:881 +msgid "" +"Element class. This class defines the Element interface, and provides a " +"reference implementation of this interface." +msgstr "元素类。 这个类定义了 Element 接口，并提供了这个接口的引用实现。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:884 +msgid "" +"The element name, attribute names, and attribute values can be either " +"bytestrings or Unicode strings. *tag* is the element name. *attrib* is an " +"optional dictionary, containing element attributes. *extra* contains " +"additional attributes, given as keyword arguments." +msgstr "" +"元素名、属性名和属性值可以是字节串或 Unicode 字符串。 *tag* 是元素名。 *attrib* 是一个可选的字典，其中包含元素属性。 " +"*extra* 包含额外的属性，以关键字参数形式给出。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:892 +msgid "" +"A string identifying what kind of data this element represents (the element " +"type, in other words)." +msgstr "一个标识此元素意味着何种数据的字符串(换句话说，元素类型)。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:899 +msgid "" +"These attributes can be used to hold additional data associated with the " +"element. Their values are usually strings but may be any application-" +"specific object. If the element is created from an XML file, the *text* " +"attribute holds either the text between the element's start tag and its " +"first child or end tag, or ``None``, and the *tail* attribute holds either " +"the text between the element's end tag and the next tag, or ``None``. For " +"the XML data" +msgstr "" +"这些属性可被用于存放与元素相关联的额外数据。 它们的值通常为字符串但也可以是任何应用专属的对象。 如果元素是基于 XML 文件创建的，*text* " +"属性会存放元素的开始标记及其第一个子元素或结束标记之间的文本，或者为 ``None``，而 *tail* " +"属性会存放元素的结束标记及下一个标记之间的文本，或者为 ``None``。 对于 XML 数据" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:907 +msgid "1234" +msgstr "1234" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:911 +msgid "" +"the *a* element has ``None`` for both *text* and *tail* attributes, the *b* " +"element has *text* ``\"1\"`` and *tail* ``\"4\"``, the *c* element has " +"*text* ``\"2\"`` and *tail* ``None``, and the *d* element has *text* " +"``None`` and *tail* ``\"3\"``." +msgstr "" +"*a* 元素的 *text* 和 *tail* 属性均为 ``None``，*b* 元素的 *text* 为 ``\"1\"`` 而 *tail* 为 " +"``\"4\"``，*c* 元素的 *text* 为 ``\"2\"`` 而 *tail* 为 ``None``，*d* 元素的 *text* 为 " +"``None`` 而 *tail* 为 ``\"3\"``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:916 +msgid "" +"To collect the inner text of an element, see :meth:`itertext`, for example " +"``\"\".join(element.itertext())``." +msgstr "要获取一个元素的内部文本，请参阅 :meth:`itertext`，例如 ``\"\".join(element.itertext())``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:919 +msgid "Applications may store arbitrary objects in these attributes." +msgstr "应用程序可以将任意对象存入这些属性。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:924 +msgid "" +"A dictionary containing the element's attributes. Note that while the " +"*attrib* value is always a real mutable Python dictionary, an ElementTree " +"implementation may choose to use another internal representation, and create" +" the dictionary only if someone asks for it. To take advantage of such " +"implementations, use the dictionary methods below whenever possible." +msgstr "" +"一个包含元素属性的字典。 请注意虽然 *attrib* 值总是一个真正可变的 Python 字典，但 ElementTree " +"实现可以选择其他内部表示形式，并只在有需要时才创建字典。 为了发挥这种实现的优势，请在任何可能情况下使用下列字典方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:930 +msgid "The following dictionary-like methods work on the element attributes." +msgstr "以下字典类方法作用于元素属性。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Resets an element. This function removes all subelements, clears all " +"attributes, and sets the text and tail attributes to ``None``." +msgstr "重设一个元素。 此方法会移除所有子元素，清空所有属性，并将 text 和 tail 属性设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:941 +msgid "Gets the element attribute named *key*." +msgstr "获取名为 *key* 的元素属性。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:943 +msgid "" +"Returns the attribute value, or *default* if the attribute was not found." +msgstr "返回属性的值，或者如果属性未找到则返回 *default*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:948 +msgid "" +"Returns the element attributes as a sequence of (name, value) pairs. The " +"attributes are returned in an arbitrary order." +msgstr "将元素属性以 (name, value) 对序列的形式返回。 所返回属性的顺序任意。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:954 +msgid "" +"Returns the elements attribute names as a list. The names are returned in " +"an arbitrary order." +msgstr "将元素属性名称以列表的形式返回。 所返回名称的顺序任意。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:960 +msgid "Set the attribute *key* on the element to *value*." +msgstr "将元素的 *key* 属性设为 *value*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:962 +msgid "The following methods work on the element's children (subelements)." +msgstr "以下方法作用于元素的下级（子元素）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:967 +msgid "" +"Adds the element *subelement* to the end of this element's internal list of " +"subelements. Raises :exc:`TypeError` if *subelement* is not an " +":class:`Element`." +msgstr "" +"将元素 *subelement* 添加到此元素的子元素内部列表。 如果 *subelement* 不是一个 :class:`Element` 则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:974 +msgid "" +"Appends *subelements* from an iterable of elements. Raises :exc:`TypeError` " +"if a subelement is not an :class:`Element`." +msgstr "" +"基于一个包含多个元素的可迭代对象添加 *subelements*。 如果某个子元素不是 :class:`Element` 则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:982 +msgid "" +"Finds the first subelement matching *match*. *match* may be a tag name or a" +" :ref:`path `. Returns an element instance or ``None``." +" *namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full name. " +"Pass ``''`` as prefix to move all unprefixed tag names in the expression " +"into the given namespace." +msgstr "" +"查找第一个匹配 *match* 的子元素。 *match* 可以是一个标记名称或者 :ref:`路径 `。 " +"返回一个元素实例或 ``None``。 *namespaces* 是可选的从命名空间前缀到完整名称的映射。 传入 ``''`` " +"作为前缀可将表达式中所有无前缀的标记名称移动到给定的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:991 +msgid "" +"Finds all matching subelements, by tag name or :ref:`path `. Returns a list containing all matching elements in document order." +" *namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full name. " +"Pass ``''`` as prefix to move all unprefixed tag names in the expression " +"into the given namespace." +msgstr "" +"根据标记名称或者 :ref:`路径 ` 查找所有匹配的子元素。 返回一个包含所有匹配元素按文档顺序排序的列表。 " +"*namespaces* 是可选的从命名空间前缀到完整名称的映射。 传入 ``''`` 作为前缀可将表达式中所有无前缀的标记名称移动到给定的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"Finds text for the first subelement matching *match*. *match* may be a tag " +"name or a :ref:`path `. Returns the text content of the " +"first matching element, or *default* if no element was found. Note that if " +"the matching element has no text content an empty string is returned. " +"*namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full name. " +"Pass ``''`` as prefix to move all unprefixed tag names in the expression " +"into the given namespace." +msgstr "" +"查找第一个匹配 *match* 的子元素的文本。 *match* 可以是一个标记名称或者 :ref:`路径 `。 " +"反回第一个匹配的元素的文本内容，或者如果元素未找到则返回 *default*。 请注意如果匹配的元素没有文本内容则会返回一个空字符串。 " +"*namespaces* 是可选的从命名空间前缀到完整名称的映射。 传入 ``''`` 作为前缀可将表达式中所有无前缀的标记名称移动到给定的命名空间。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1011 +msgid "" +"Inserts *subelement* at the given position in this element. Raises " +":exc:`TypeError` if *subelement* is not an :class:`Element`." +msgstr "" +"将 *subelement* 插入到此元素的给定位置中。 如果 *subelement* 不是一个 :class:`Element` 则会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"Creates a tree :term:`iterator` with the current element as the root. The " +"iterator iterates over this element and all elements below it, in document " +"(depth first) order. If *tag* is not ``None`` or ``'*'``, only elements " +"whose tag equals *tag* are returned from the iterator. If the tree " +"structure is modified during iteration, the result is undefined." +msgstr "" +"创建一个以当前元素为根元素的树的 :term:`iterator`。 该迭代器将以文档（深度优先）顺序迭代此元素及其所有下级元素。 如果 *tag* " +"不为 ``None`` 或 ``'*'``，则迭代器只返回标记为 *tag* 的元素。 如果树结构在迭代期间被修改，则结果是未定义的。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"Finds all matching subelements, by tag name or :ref:`path `. Returns an iterable yielding all matching elements in document " +"order. *namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full " +"name." +msgstr "" +"根据标记名称或者 :ref:`路径 ` 查找所有匹配的子元素。 返回一个按文档顺序产生所有匹配元素的可迭代对象。 " +"*namespaces* 是可选的从命名空间前缀到完整名称的映射。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"Creates a text iterator. The iterator loops over this element and all " +"subelements, in document order, and returns all inner text." +msgstr "创建一个文本迭代器。 该迭代器将按文档顺序遍历此元素及其所有子元素，并返回所有内部文本。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"Creates a new element object of the same type as this element. Do not call " +"this method, use the :func:`SubElement` factory function instead." +msgstr "创建一个与此元素类型相同的新元素对象。 请不要调用此方法，而应改用 :func:`SubElement` 工厂函数。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"Removes *subelement* from the element. Unlike the find\\* methods this " +"method compares elements based on the instance identity, not on tag value or" +" contents." +msgstr "从元素中移除 *subelement*。 与 find\\* 方法不同的是此方法会基于实例的标识来比较元素，而不是基于标记的值或内容。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1057 +msgid "" +":class:`Element` objects also support the following sequence type methods " +"for working with subelements: :meth:`~object.__delitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`, :meth:`~object.__setitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__len__`." +msgstr "" +":class:`Element` 对象还支持下列序列类型方法以配合子元素使用: :meth:`~object.__delitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`, :meth:`~object.__setitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__len__`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1062 +msgid "" +"Caution: Elements with no subelements will test as ``False``. In a future " +"release of Python, all elements will test as ``True`` regardless of whether " +"subelements exist. Instead, prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or ``elem is not " +"None`` tests.::" +msgstr "" +"注意：没有子元素的元素测试结果将为 ``False``。 在未来的 Python 发布版中，所有元素不论是否存在子元素测试结果都将为 ``True``。" +" 建议改用显式的 ``len(elem)`` 或 ``elem is not None`` 测试。::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1067 +msgid "" +"element = root.find('foo')\n" +"\n" +"if not element: # careful!\n" +" print(\"element not found, or element has no subelements\")\n" +"\n" +"if element is None:\n" +" print(\"element not found\")" +msgstr "" +"element = root.find('foo')\n" +"\n" +"if not element: # careful!\n" +" print(\"element not found, or element has no subelements\")\n" +"\n" +"if element is None:\n" +" print(\"element not found\")" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1075 +msgid "Testing the truth value of an Element emits :exc:`DeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "检测元素真值将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.8, the serialisation order of the XML attributes of " +"elements was artificially made predictable by sorting the attributes by " +"their name. Based on the now guaranteed ordering of dicts, this arbitrary " +"reordering was removed in Python 3.8 to preserve the order in which " +"attributes were originally parsed or created by user code." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.8 之前，元素的 XML 属性的序列化顺序会通过按其名称排序来强制使其可被预期。 由于现在字典已保证是有序的，这个强制重排序在 " +"Python 3.8 中已被移除以保留原本由用户代码解析或创建的属性顺序。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"In general, user code should try not to depend on a specific ordering of " +"attributes, given that the `XML Information Set `_ explicitly excludes the attribute order from conveying " +"information. Code should be prepared to deal with any ordering on input. In " +"cases where deterministic XML output is required, e.g. for cryptographic " +"signing or test data sets, canonical serialisation is available with the " +":func:`canonicalize` function." +msgstr "" +"通常，用户代码应当尽量不依赖于特定的属性顺序，因为 `XML 信息设定 `_ " +"明确地排除了用属性顺序转递信息的做法。 代码应当准备好处理任何输入顺序。 对于要求确定性的 XML " +"输出的情况，例如加密签名或检测数据集等，可以通过规范化 :func:`canonicalize` 函数来进行传统的序列化。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1092 +msgid "" +"In cases where canonical output is not applicable but a specific attribute " +"order is still desirable on output, code should aim for creating the " +"attributes directly in the desired order, to avoid perceptual mismatches for" +" readers of the code. In cases where this is difficult to achieve, a recipe " +"like the following can be applied prior to serialisation to enforce an order" +" independently from the Element creation::" +msgstr "" +"对于规范化输出不可用但仍然要求输出特定属性顺序的情况，代码应当设法直接按要求的顺序来创建属性，以避免代码阅读者产生不匹配的感觉。 " +"如果这一点是难以做到的，可以在序列化之前应用以下写法来强制实现顺序不依赖于元素的创建::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1099 +msgid "" +"def reorder_attributes(root):\n" +" for el in root.iter():\n" +" attrib = el.attrib\n" +" if len(attrib) > 1:\n" +" # adjust attribute order, e.g. by sorting\n" +" attribs = sorted(attrib.items())\n" +" attrib.clear()\n" +" attrib.update(attribs)" +msgstr "" +"def reorder_attributes(root):\n" +" for el in root.iter():\n" +" attrib = el.attrib\n" +" if len(attrib) > 1:\n" +" # 调整属性顺序，例如通过排序操作\n" +" attribs = sorted(attrib.items())\n" +" attrib.clear()\n" +" attrib.update(attribs)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1112 +msgid "ElementTree Objects" +msgstr "ElementTree 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"ElementTree wrapper class. This class represents an entire element " +"hierarchy, and adds some extra support for serialization to and from " +"standard XML." +msgstr "ElementTree 包装器类。 这个类表示一个完整的元素层级结构，并添加了一些对于标准 XML 序列化的额外支持。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"*element* is the root element. The tree is initialized with the contents of" +" the XML *file* if given." +msgstr "*element* 是根元素。 如果给出 XML *file* 则将使用其内容来初始化树结构。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"Replaces the root element for this tree. This discards the current contents" +" of the tree, and replaces it with the given element. Use with care. " +"*element* is an element instance." +msgstr "替换该树结构的根元素。 这将丢弃该树结构的当前内容，并将其替换为给定的元素。 请小心使用。 *element* 是一个元素实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1134 +msgid "Same as :meth:`Element.find`, starting at the root of the tree." +msgstr "与 :meth:`Element.find` 类似，从树的根节点开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1139 +msgid "Same as :meth:`Element.findall`, starting at the root of the tree." +msgstr "与 :meth:`Element.findall` 类似，从树的根节点开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1144 +msgid "Same as :meth:`Element.findtext`, starting at the root of the tree." +msgstr "与 :meth:`Element.findtext` 类似，从树的根节点开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1149 +msgid "Returns the root element for this tree." +msgstr "返回这个树的根元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"Creates and returns a tree iterator for the root element. The iterator " +"loops over all elements in this tree, in section order. *tag* is the tag to" +" look for (default is to return all elements)." +msgstr "创建并返回根元素的树结构迭代器。 该迭代器会以节顺序遍历这个树的所有元素。 *tag* 是要查找的标记（默认返回所有元素）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1161 +msgid "Same as :meth:`Element.iterfind`, starting at the root of the tree." +msgstr "与 :meth:`Element.iterfind` 类似，从树的根节点开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"Loads an external XML section into this element tree. *source* is a file " +"name or :term:`file object`. *parser* is an optional parser instance. If " +"not given, the standard :class:`XMLParser` parser is used. Returns the " +"section root element." +msgstr "" +"将一个外部 XML 节载入到此元素树。 *source* 是一个文件名或 :term:`file object`。 *parser* " +"是可选的解析器实例。 如果未给出，则会使用标准的 :class:`XMLParser` 解析器。 返回该节的根元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"Writes the element tree to a file, as XML. *file* is a file name, or a " +":term:`file object` opened for writing. *encoding* [1]_ is the output " +"encoding (default is US-ASCII). *xml_declaration* controls if an XML " +"declaration should be added to the file. Use ``False`` for never, ``True`` " +"for always, ``None`` for only if not US-ASCII or UTF-8 or Unicode (default " +"is ``None``). *default_namespace* sets the default XML namespace (for " +"\"xmlns\"). *method* is either ``\"xml\"``, ``\"html\"`` or ``\"text\"`` " +"(default is ``\"xml\"``). The keyword-only *short_empty_elements* parameter " +"controls the formatting of elements that contain no content. If ``True`` " +"(the default), they are emitted as a single self-closed tag, otherwise they " +"are emitted as a pair of start/end tags." +msgstr "" +"将元素树以 XML 格式写入到文件。 *file* 为文件名，或是以写入模式打开的 :term:`file object`。 *encoding* " +"[1]_ 为输出编码格式 (默认为 US-ASCII)。 *xml_declaration* 控制是否要将 XML 声明添加到文件中。 使用 " +"``False`` 表示从不添加，``True`` 表示总是添加，``None`` 表示仅在非 US-ASCII 或 UTF-8 或 Unicode " +"时添加 (默认为 ``None``)。 *default_namespace* 设置默认 XML 命名空间 (用于 \"xmlns\")。 " +"*method* 为 ``\"xml\"``, ``\"html\"`` 或 ``\"text\"`` (默认为 ``\"xml\"``)。 " +"仅限关键字形参 *short_empty_elements* 控制不包含内容的元素的格式。 如为 ``True`` " +"(默认值)，它们会被输出为单个自结束标记，否则它们会被输出为一对开始/结束标记。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1192 +msgid "" +"The output is either a string (:class:`str`) or binary (:class:`bytes`). " +"This is controlled by the *encoding* argument. If *encoding* is " +"``\"unicode\"``, the output is a string; otherwise, it's binary. Note that " +"this may conflict with the type of *file* if it's an open :term:`file " +"object`; make sure you do not try to write a string to a binary stream and " +"vice versa." +msgstr "" +"输出是一个字符串 (:class:`str`) 或字节串 (:class:`bytes`)。 由*encoding* 参数来控制。 如果 " +"*encoding* 为 ``\"unicode\"``，则输出是一个字符串；否则为字节串；请注意这可能与 *file* " +"的类型相冲突，如果它是一个打开的 :term:`file object` 的话；请确保你不会试图写入字符串到二进制流或者反向操作。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`write` method now preserves the attribute order specified by the " +"user." +msgstr ":meth:`write` 方法现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1207 +msgid "This is the XML file that is going to be manipulated::" +msgstr "这是将要被操作的 XML 文件::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1209 +msgid "" +"\n" +" \n" +" Example page\n" +" \n" +" \n" +"

Moved to example.org\n" +" or example.com.

\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" +"\n" +" \n" +" Example page\n" +" \n" +" \n" +"

Moved to example.org\n" +" or example.com.

\n" +" \n" +"" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"Example of changing the attribute \"target\" of every link in first " +"paragraph::" +msgstr "修改第一段中的每个链接的 \"target\" 属性的示例::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1221 +msgid "" +">>> from xml.etree.ElementTree import ElementTree\n" +">>> tree = ElementTree()\n" +">>> tree.parse(\"index.xhtml\")\n" +"\n" +">>> p = tree.find(\"body/p\") # Finds first occurrence of tag p in body\n" +">>> p\n" +"\n" +">>> links = list(p.iter(\"a\")) # Returns list of all links\n" +">>> links\n" +"[, ]\n" +">>> for i in links: # Iterates through all found links\n" +"... i.attrib[\"target\"] = \"blank\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> tree.write(\"output.xhtml\")" +msgstr "" +">>> from xml.etree.ElementTree import ElementTree\n" +">>> tree = ElementTree()\n" +">>> tree.parse(\"index.xhtml\")\n" +"\n" +">>> p = tree.find(\"body/p\") # 在 body 中找到首次出现的标签 p\n" +">>> p\n" +"\n" +">>> links = list(p.iter(\"a\")) # 返回所有链接的列表\n" +">>> links\n" +"[, ]\n" +">>> for i in links: # 迭代所有已找到的链接\n" +"... i.attrib[\"target\"] = \"blank\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> tree.write(\"output.xhtml\")" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1239 +msgid "QName Objects" +msgstr "QName 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"QName wrapper. This can be used to wrap a QName attribute value, in order " +"to get proper namespace handling on output. *text_or_uri* is a string " +"containing the QName value, in the form {uri}local, or, if the tag argument " +"is given, the URI part of a QName. If *tag* is given, the first argument is" +" interpreted as a URI, and this argument is interpreted as a local name. " +":class:`QName` instances are opaque." +msgstr "" +"QName 包装器。 这可被用来包装 QName 属性值，以便在输出中获得适当的命名空间处理。 *text_or_uri* 是一个包含 QName " +"值的字符串，其形式为 {uri}local，或者如果给出了 tag 参数，则为 QName 的 URI 部分。 如果给出了 " +"*tag*，则第一个参数会被解读为 URI，而这个参数会被解读为本地名称。 :class:`QName` 实例是不透明的。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1256 +msgid "TreeBuilder Objects" +msgstr "TreeBuilder 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1262 +msgid "" +"Generic element structure builder. This builder converts a sequence of " +"start, data, end, comment and pi method calls to a well-formed element " +"structure. You can use this class to build an element structure using a " +"custom XML parser, or a parser for some other XML-like format." +msgstr "" +"通用元素结构构建器。 此构建器会将包含 start, data, end, comment 和 pi 方法调用的序列转换为格式良好的元素结构。 " +"你可以通过这个类使用一个自定义 XML 解析器或其他 XML 类格式的解析器来构建元素结构。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"*element_factory*, when given, must be a callable accepting two positional " +"arguments: a tag and a dict of attributes. It is expected to return a new " +"element instance." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *element_factory*，它必须为接受两个位置参数的可调用对象：一个标记和一个属性字典。 它预期会返回一个新的元素实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"The *comment_factory* and *pi_factory* functions, when given, should behave " +"like the :func:`Comment` and :func:`ProcessingInstruction` functions to " +"create comments and processing instructions. When not given, the default " +"factories will be used. When *insert_comments* and/or *insert_pis* is true," +" comments/pis will be inserted into the tree if they appear within the root " +"element (but not outside of it)." +msgstr "" +"如果给出 *comment_factory* 和 *pi_factory* 函数，它们的行为应当像 :func:`Comment` 和 " +":func:`ProcessingInstruction` 函数一样创建注释和处理指令。 如果未给出，则将使用默认工厂函数。 当 " +"*insert_comments* 和/或 *insert_pis* 为真值时，如果 comments/pis " +"在根元素之中（但不在其之外）出现则它们将被插入到树中。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"Flushes the builder buffers, and returns the toplevel document element. " +"Returns an :class:`Element` instance." +msgstr "刷新构建器缓存，并返回最高层级的文档元素。 返回一个 :class:`Element` 实例。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"Adds text to the current element. *data* is a string. This should be " +"either a bytestring, or a Unicode string." +msgstr "将文本添加到当前元素。 *data* 为要添加的文本。 这应当是一个字节串或 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"Closes the current element. *tag* is the element name. Returns the closed " +"element." +msgstr "关闭当前元素。 *tag* 是元素名称。 返回已关闭的元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1298 +msgid "" +"Opens a new element. *tag* is the element name. *attrs* is a dictionary " +"containing element attributes. Returns the opened element." +msgstr "打开一个新元素。 *tag* 是元素名称。 *attrs* 是包含元素属性的字典。 返回打开的元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1304 +msgid "" +"Creates a comment with the given *text*. If ``insert_comments`` is true, " +"this will also add it to the tree." +msgstr "使用给定的 *text* 创建一条注释。 如果 ``insert_comments`` 为真值，这还会将其添加到树结构中。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"Creates a process instruction with the given *target* name and *text*. If " +"``insert_pis`` is true, this will also add it to the tree." +msgstr "使用给定的 *target* 名称和 *text* 创建一条处理指令。 如果 ``insert_pis`` 为真值，这还会将其添加到树中。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"In addition, a custom :class:`TreeBuilder` object can provide the following " +"methods:" +msgstr "此外，自定义的 :class:`TreeBuilder` 对象还提供了以下方法:" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"Handles a doctype declaration. *name* is the doctype name. *pubid* is the " +"public identifier. *system* is the system identifier. This method does not" +" exist on the default :class:`TreeBuilder` class." +msgstr "" +"处理一条 doctype 声明。 *name* 为 doctype 名称。 *pubid* 为公有标识。 *system* 为系统标识。 " +"此方法不存在于默认的 :class:`TreeBuilder` 类中。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"Is called whenever the parser encounters a new namespace declaration, before" +" the ``start()`` callback for the opening element that defines it. *prefix* " +"is ``''`` for the default namespace and the declared namespace prefix name " +"otherwise. *uri* is the namespace URI." +msgstr "" +"在定义了 ``start()`` 回调的打开元素的该回调被调用之前，当解析器遇到新的命名空间声明时都会被调用。 *prefix* 对于默认命名空间为 " +"``''`` 或者在其他情况下为被声明的命名空间前缀名称。 *uri* 是命名空间 URI。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"Is called after the ``end()`` callback of an element that declared a " +"namespace prefix mapping, with the name of the *prefix* that went out of " +"scope." +msgstr "在声明了命名空间前缀映射的元素的 ``end()`` 回调之后被调用，附带超出作用域的 *prefix* 的名称。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"A `C14N 2.0 `_ writer. Arguments are the " +"same as for the :func:`canonicalize` function. This class does not build a " +"tree but translates the callback events directly into a serialised form " +"using the *write* function." +msgstr "" +"`C14N 2.0 `_ 写入器。 其参数与 " +":func:`canonicalize` 函数的相同。 这个类并不会构建树结构而是使用 *write* 函数将回调事件直接转换为序列化形式。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1363 +msgid "XMLParser Objects" +msgstr "XMLParser对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1368 +msgid "" +"This class is the low-level building block of the module. It uses " +":mod:`xml.parsers.expat` for efficient, event-based parsing of XML. It can " +"be fed XML data incrementally with the :meth:`feed` method, and parsing " +"events are translated to a push API - by invoking callbacks on the *target* " +"object. If *target* is omitted, the standard :class:`TreeBuilder` is used. " +"If *encoding* [1]_ is given, the value overrides the encoding specified in " +"the XML file." +msgstr "" +"这个类是此模块的低层级构建单元。 它使用 :mod:`xml.parsers.expat` 来实现高效、基于事件的 XML 解析。 它可以通过 " +":meth:`feed` 方法增量式地收受 XML 数据，并且解析事件会被转换为推送式 API —— 通过在 *target* 对象上发起对回调的调用。" +" 如果省略 *target*，则会使用标准的 :class:`TreeBuilder`。 如果给出了 *encoding* [1]_ ，该值将覆盖在 " +"XML 文件中指定的编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"Parameters are now :ref:`keyword-only `. The *html* " +"argument is no longer supported." +msgstr "" +"形参现在都是 :ref:`仅限关键字形参 `。 *html* 参数不再受支持。argument is " +"no longer supported." + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1383 +msgid "" +"Finishes feeding data to the parser. Returns the result of calling the " +"``close()`` method of the *target* passed during construction; by default, " +"this is the toplevel document element." +msgstr "" +"结束向解析器提供数据。 返回调用在构造期间传入的 *target* 的 ``close()`` 方法的结果；在默认情况下，这是最高层级的文档元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1390 +msgid "Feeds data to the parser. *data* is encoded data." +msgstr "将数据送入解析器。 *data* 是编码后的数据。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1395 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1473 +msgid "" +"Triggers parsing of any previously fed unparsed data, which can be used to " +"ensure more immediate feedback, in particular with Expat >=2.6.0. The " +"implementation of :meth:`flush` temporarily disables reparse deferral with " +"Expat (if currently enabled) and triggers a reparse. Disabling reparse " +"deferral has security consequences; please see " +":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled` for details." +msgstr "" +"触发对之前送入的未解析数据的解析，这可被用于确保更为实时的反馈，尤其是对于 Expat >=2.6.0 的情况。 :meth:`flush` " +"的实现会暂时禁用 Expat 的重新解析延迟（如果当前已启用）并触发重新解析。 禁用重新解析延迟会带来安全性的影响；请参阅 " +":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1402 +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1480 +msgid "" +"Note that :meth:`flush` has been backported to some prior releases of " +"CPython as a security fix. Check for availability of :meth:`flush` using " +":func:`hasattr` if used in code running across a variety of Python versions." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :meth:`flush` 已作为安全修正被向下移植到一些较早的 CPython 发布版。 如果在运行于多个 Python 版本的代码中要用到 " +":meth:`flush` 请使用 :func:`hasattr` 来检查其可用性。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1410 +msgid "" +":meth:`XMLParser.feed` calls *target*\\'s ``start(tag, attrs_dict)`` method " +"for each opening tag, its ``end(tag)`` method for each closing tag, and data" +" is processed by method ``data(data)``. For further supported callback " +"methods, see the :class:`TreeBuilder` class. :meth:`XMLParser.close` calls " +"*target*\\'s method ``close()``. :class:`XMLParser` can be used not only for" +" building a tree structure. This is an example of counting the maximum depth" +" of an XML file::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`XMLParser.feed` 会为每个打开的标记调用 *target* 的 ``start(tag, attrs_dict)`` " +"方法，为每个关闭的标记调用它的 ``end(tag)`` 方法，并通过 ``data(data)`` 方法来处理数据。 有关更多受支持的回调方法，请参阅" +" :class:`TreeBuilder` 类。 :meth:`XMLParser.close` 会调用 *target* 的 ``close()``" +" 方法。 :class:`XMLParser` 不仅仅可被用来构建树结构。 下面是一个统计 XML 文件最大深度的示例::" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1418 +msgid "" +">>> from xml.etree.ElementTree import XMLParser\n" +">>> class MaxDepth: # The target object of the parser\n" +"... maxDepth = 0\n" +"... depth = 0\n" +"... def start(self, tag, attrib): # Called for each opening tag.\n" +"... self.depth += 1\n" +"... if self.depth > self.maxDepth:\n" +"... self.maxDepth = self.depth\n" +"... def end(self, tag): # Called for each closing tag.\n" +"... self.depth -= 1\n" +"... def data(self, data):\n" +"... pass # We do not need to do anything with data.\n" +"... def close(self): # Called when all data has been parsed.\n" +"... return self.maxDepth\n" +"...\n" +">>> target = MaxDepth()\n" +">>> parser = XMLParser(target=target)\n" +">>> exampleXml = \"\"\"\n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> parser.feed(exampleXml)\n" +">>> parser.close()\n" +"4" +msgstr "" +">>> from xml.etree.ElementTree import XMLParser\n" +">>> class MaxDepth: # 解析器的目标对象\n" +"... maxDepth = 0\n" +"... depth = 0\n" +"... def start(self, tag, attrib): # 针对每个开启标签执行调用。\n" +"... self.depth += 1\n" +"... if self.depth > self.maxDepth:\n" +"... self.maxDepth = self.depth\n" +"... def end(self, tag): # 针对每个关闭标签执行调用。\n" +"... self.depth -= 1\n" +"... def data(self, data):\n" +"... pass # 我们不需要对 data 做任何操作。\n" +"... def close(self): # 当所有数据都已被解析时执行调用。\n" +"... return self.maxDepth\n" +"...\n" +">>> target = MaxDepth()\n" +">>> parser = XMLParser(target=target)\n" +">>> exampleXml = \"\"\"\n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> parser.feed(exampleXml)\n" +">>> parser.close()\n" +"4" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1454 +msgid "XMLPullParser Objects" +msgstr "XMLPullParser对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"A pull parser suitable for non-blocking applications. Its input-side API is" +" similar to that of :class:`XMLParser`, but instead of pushing calls to a " +"callback target, :class:`XMLPullParser` collects an internal list of parsing" +" events and lets the user read from it. *events* is a sequence of events to " +"report back. The supported events are the strings ``\"start\"``, " +"``\"end\"``, ``\"comment\"``, ``\"pi\"``, ``\"start-ns\"`` and ``\"end-" +"ns\"`` (the \"ns\" events are used to get detailed namespace information). " +"If *events* is omitted, only ``\"end\"`` events are reported." +msgstr "" +"适用于非阻塞应用程序的拉取式解析器。 它的输入侧 API 与 :class:`XMLParser` " +"的类似，但不是向回调目标推送调用，:class:`XMLPullParser` 会收集一个解析事件的内部列表并让用户来读取它。 *events* " +"是要报告的事件序列。 受支持的事件字符串有 ``\"start\"``, ``\"end\"``, ``\"comment\"``, " +"``\"pi\"``, ``\"start-ns\"`` 和 ``\"end-ns\"`` (\"ns\" 事件被用于获取详细的命名空间信息)。 如果 " +"*events* 被省略，则只报告 ``\"end\"`` 事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1469 +msgid "Feed the given bytes data to the parser." +msgstr "将给定的字节数据送入解析器。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"Signal the parser that the data stream is terminated. Unlike " +":meth:`XMLParser.close`, this method always returns :const:`None`. Any " +"events not yet retrieved when the parser is closed can still be read with " +":meth:`read_events`." +msgstr "" +"通知解析器数据流已终结。 不同于 :meth:`XMLParser.close`，此方法总是返回 :const:`None`。 " +"当解析器被关闭时任何还未被获取的事件仍可通过 :meth:`read_events` 被读取。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1496 +msgid "" +"Return an iterator over the events which have been encountered in the data " +"fed to the parser. The iterator yields ``(event, elem)`` pairs, where " +"*event* is a string representing the type of event (e.g. ``\"end\"``) and " +"*elem* is the encountered :class:`Element` object, or other context value as" +" follows." +msgstr "" +"返回包含在送入解析器的数据中遇到的事件的迭代器。 此迭代器会产生 ``(event, elem)`` 对，其中 *event* 是代表事件类型的字符串 " +"(例如 ``\"end\"``) 而 *elem* 是遇到的 :class:`Element` 对象，或者以下的其他上下文值。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1502 +msgid "``start``, ``end``: the current Element." +msgstr "``start``, ``end``: 当前元素。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1503 +msgid "``comment``, ``pi``: the current comment / processing instruction" +msgstr "``comment``, ``pi``: 当前注释 / 处理指令" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"``start-ns``: a tuple ``(prefix, uri)`` naming the declared namespace " +"mapping." +msgstr "``start-ns``: 一个指定所声明命名空间映射的元组 ``(prefix, uri)``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1506 +msgid "``end-ns``: :const:`None` (this may change in a future version)" +msgstr "``end-ns``: :const:`None` (这可能在未来版本中改变)" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1508 +msgid "" +"Events provided in a previous call to :meth:`read_events` will not be " +"yielded again. Events are consumed from the internal queue only when they " +"are retrieved from the iterator, so multiple readers iterating in parallel " +"over iterators obtained from :meth:`read_events` will have unpredictable " +"results." +msgstr "" +"在之前对 :meth:`read_events` 的调用中提供的事件将不会被再次产生。 " +"事件仅当它们从迭代器中被取出时才会在内部队列中被消费，因此多个读取方对获取自 :meth:`read_events` " +"的迭代器进行平行迭代将产生无法预料的结果。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1516 +msgid "" +":class:`XMLPullParser` only guarantees that it has seen the \">\" character " +"of a starting tag when it emits a \"start\" event, so the attributes are " +"defined, but the contents of the text and tail attributes are undefined at " +"that point. The same applies to the element children; they may or may not " +"be present." +msgstr "" +":class:`XMLPullParser` 只会确保当发出 \"start\" 事件时看到了开始标记的 \">\" " +"字符，因而在这个点上属性已被定义，但文本内容和末尾属性还未被定义。 这同样适用于元素的下级；它们可能存在也可能不存在。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1531 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1535 +msgid "" +"XML parse error, raised by the various parsing methods in this module when " +"parsing fails. The string representation of an instance of this exception " +"will contain a user-friendly error message. In addition, it will have the " +"following attributes available:" +msgstr "" +"XML 解析器错误，由此模块中的多个解析方法在解析失败时引发。 此异常的实例的字符串表示将包含用户友好的错误消息。 此外，它将具有下列可用属性:" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"A numeric error code from the expat parser. See the documentation of " +":mod:`xml.parsers.expat` for the list of error codes and their meanings." +msgstr "来自外部解析器的数字错误代码。 请参阅 :mod:`xml.parsers.expat` 的文档查看错误代码列表及它们的含义。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"A tuple of *line*, *column* numbers, specifying where the error occurred." +msgstr "一个包含 *line*, *column* 数值的元组，指明错误发生的位置。" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1550 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/xml.etree.elementtree.rst:1551 +msgid "" +"The encoding string included in XML output should conform to the appropriate" +" standards. For example, \"UTF-8\" is valid, but \"UTF8\" is not. See " +"https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#NT-EncodingDecl and " +"https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml." +msgstr "" +"包括在 XML 输出中的编码格式字符串应当符合适当的标准。 例如 \"UTF-8\" 是有效的，但 \"UTF8\" 是无效的。 请参阅 " +"https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#NT-EncodingDecl 和 " +"https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml。" diff --git a/library/xml.po b/library/xml.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..072f20dd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xml.po @@ -0,0 +1,321 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汇民 王 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:4 +msgid "XML Processing Modules" +msgstr "XML处理模块" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/xml/`" +msgstr "**源码：** :source:`Lib/xml/`" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Python's interfaces for processing XML are grouped in the ``xml`` package." +msgstr "用于处理XML的Python接口分组在 ``xml`` 包中。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:20 +msgid "" +"The XML modules are not secure against erroneous or maliciously constructed " +"data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data see the " +":ref:`xml-vulnerabilities` and :ref:`defusedxml-package` sections." +msgstr "" +"XML 模块对于错误或恶意构造的数据是不安全的。 如果你需要解析不受信任或未经身份验证的数据，请参阅 :ref:`xml-" +"vulnerabilities` 和 :ref:`defusedxml-package` 部分。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:25 +msgid "" +"It is important to note that modules in the :mod:`xml` package require that " +"there be at least one SAX-compliant XML parser available. The Expat parser " +"is included with Python, so the :mod:`xml.parsers.expat` module will always " +"be available." +msgstr "" +"值得注意的是 :mod:`xml` 包中的模块要求至少有一个 SAX 兼容的 XML 解析器可用。在 Python 中包含 Expat 解析器，因此 " +":mod:`xml.parsers.expat` 模块将始终可用。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:30 +msgid "" +"The documentation for the :mod:`xml.dom` and :mod:`xml.sax` packages are the" +" definition of the Python bindings for the DOM and SAX interfaces." +msgstr ":mod:`xml.dom` 和 :mod:`xml.sax` 包的文档是 DOM 和 SAX 接口的 Python 绑定的定义。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:33 +msgid "The XML handling submodules are:" +msgstr "XML 处理子模块包括:" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:35 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: the ElementTree API, a simple and lightweight " +"XML processor" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`： ElementTree API，一个简单而轻量级的XML处理器" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:40 +msgid ":mod:`xml.dom`: the DOM API definition" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.dom`：DOM API 定义" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:41 +msgid ":mod:`xml.dom.minidom`: a minimal DOM implementation" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.dom.minidom`：最小的 DOM 实现" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:42 +msgid ":mod:`xml.dom.pulldom`: support for building partial DOM trees" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.dom.pulldom`：支持构建部分 DOM 树" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:46 +msgid ":mod:`xml.sax`: SAX2 base classes and convenience functions" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.sax`：SAX2 基类和便利函数" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:47 +msgid ":mod:`xml.parsers.expat`: the Expat parser binding" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.parsers.expat`：Expat解析器绑定" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:53 +msgid "XML vulnerabilities" +msgstr "XML 漏洞" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The XML processing modules are not secure against maliciously constructed " +"data. An attacker can abuse XML features to carry out denial of service " +"attacks, access local files, generate network connections to other machines," +" or circumvent firewalls." +msgstr "" +"XML 处理模块对于恶意构造的数据是不安全的。 攻击者可能滥用 XML 功能来执行拒绝服务攻击、访问本地文件、生成与其它计算机的网络连接或绕过防火墙。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The following table gives an overview of the known attacks and whether the " +"various modules are vulnerable to them." +msgstr "下表概述了已知的攻击以及各种模块是否容易受到攻击。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:64 +msgid "kind" +msgstr "种类" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:64 +msgid "sax" +msgstr "sax" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:64 +msgid "etree" +msgstr "etree" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:64 +msgid "minidom" +msgstr "minidom" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:64 +msgid "pulldom" +msgstr "pulldom" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:64 +msgid "xmlrpc" +msgstr "xmlrpc" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:66 +msgid "billion laughs" +msgstr "billion laughs" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:66 ../../library/xml.rst:67 +msgid "**Vulnerable** (1)" +msgstr "**易受攻击** (1)" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:67 +msgid "quadratic blowup" +msgstr "quadratic blowup" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:68 ../../library/xml.rst:106 +msgid "external entity expansion" +msgstr "external entity expansion" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:68 ../../library/xml.rst:69 +msgid "Safe (5)" +msgstr "安全 (5)" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:68 +msgid "Safe (2)" +msgstr "安全 (2)" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:68 +msgid "Safe (3)" +msgstr "安全 (3)" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:68 +msgid "Safe (4)" +msgstr "安全 (4)" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:69 ../../library/xml.rst:111 +msgid "`DTD`_ retrieval" +msgstr "`DTD`_ retrieval" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:69 ../../library/xml.rst:70 +msgid "Safe" +msgstr "安全" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:70 ../../library/xml.rst:116 +msgid "decompression bomb" +msgstr "decompression bomb" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:70 +msgid "**Vulnerable**" +msgstr "**易受攻击**" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:71 ../../library/xml.rst:123 +msgid "large tokens" +msgstr "解析大量词元" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:71 +msgid "**Vulnerable** (6)" +msgstr "**易受攻击** (6)" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Expat 2.4.1 and newer is not vulnerable to the \"billion laughs\" and " +"\"quadratic blowup\" vulnerabilities. Items still listed as vulnerable due " +"to potential reliance on system-provided libraries. Check " +":const:`!pyexpat.EXPAT_VERSION`." +msgstr "" +"Expat 2.4.1 及更新的版本不易受 \"billion laughs\" 和 \"quadratic blowup\" 漏洞的影响。 " +"因为可能要依赖系统提供的库而仍被列为易受攻击的项。 请检查 :const:`!pyexpat.EXPAT_VERSION`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:78 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` doesn't expand external entities and raises a " +":exc:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError` when an entity occurs." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` 不会扩展外部实体并将在遇到实体时引发 " +":exc:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:80 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` doesn't expand external entities and simply returns " +"the unexpanded entity verbatim." +msgstr ":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 不会扩展外部实体，只是简单地返回未扩展的实体。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:82 +msgid ":mod:`xmlrpc.client` doesn't expand external entities and omits them." +msgstr ":mod:`xmlrpc.client` 不会扩展外部实体并将忽略它们。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.7.1, external general entities are no longer processed by " +"default." +msgstr "从 Python 3.7.1 开始，默认情况下不再处理外部通用实体。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Expat 2.6.0 and newer is not vulnerable to denial of service through " +"quadratic runtime caused by parsing large tokens. Items still listed as " +"vulnerable due to potential reliance on system-provided libraries. Check " +":const:`!pyexpat.EXPAT_VERSION`." +msgstr "" +"Expat 2.6.0 及更新的版本不易受到因解析大量词元而导致利用指数级运行时间的拒绝服务攻击。 " +"由于对系统所提供的库的潜在依赖仍会有一些项目被列为易受攻击。 请检查 :const:`!pyexpat.EXPAT_VERSION`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:92 +msgid "billion laughs / exponential entity expansion" +msgstr "billion laughs / exponential entity expansion （狂笑/递归实体扩展）" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The `Billion Laughs`_ attack -- also known as exponential entity expansion " +"-- uses multiple levels of nested entities. Each entity refers to another " +"entity several times, and the final entity definition contains a small " +"string. The exponential expansion results in several gigabytes of text and " +"consumes lots of memory and CPU time." +msgstr "" +"`Billion Laughs`_ 攻击 -- 也称为递归实体扩展 -- 使用多级嵌套实体。 每个实体多次引用另一个实体，最终实体定义包含一个小字符串。" +" 指数级扩展导致几千 GB 的文本，并消耗大量内存和 CPU 时间。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:99 +msgid "quadratic blowup entity expansion" +msgstr "quadratic blowup entity expansion（二次爆炸实体扩展）" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:100 +msgid "" +"A quadratic blowup attack is similar to a `Billion Laughs`_ attack; it " +"abuses entity expansion, too. Instead of nested entities it repeats one " +"large entity with a couple of thousand chars over and over again. The attack" +" isn't as efficient as the exponential case but it avoids triggering parser " +"countermeasures that forbid deeply nested entities." +msgstr "" +"二次爆炸攻击类似于 `Billion Laughs`_ 攻击；它也滥用了实体扩展。 它不是嵌套实体，而是一遍又一遍地重复一个具有几千个字符的大型实体。 " +"这种攻击不如递归情况有效，但它可避免触发禁止深度嵌套实体的解析器对策。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:107 +msgid "" +"Entity declarations can contain more than just text for replacement. They " +"can also point to external resources or local files. The XML parser accesses" +" the resource and embeds the content into the XML document." +msgstr "实体声明可以包含的不仅仅是替换文本。 它们还可以指向外部资源或本地文件。 XML 解析器访问资源并将内容嵌入到 XML 文档中。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Some XML libraries like Python's :mod:`xml.dom.pulldom` retrieve document " +"type definitions from remote or local locations. The feature has similar " +"implications as the external entity expansion issue." +msgstr "" +"Python 的一些 XML 库 :mod:`xml.dom.pulldom` 从远程或本地位置检索文档类型定义。 " +"该功能与外部实体扩展问题具有相似的含义。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Decompression bombs (aka `ZIP bomb`_) apply to all XML libraries that can " +"parse compressed XML streams such as gzipped HTTP streams or LZMA-compressed" +" files. For an attacker it can reduce the amount of transmitted data by " +"three magnitudes or more." +msgstr "" +"Decompression bombs（解压炸弹，又名 `ZIP bomb`_）适用于所有可以解析压缩 XML 流（例如 gzip 压缩的 HTTP " +"流或 LZMA 压缩的文件）的 XML 库。 对于攻击者来说，它可以将传输的数据量减少三个量级或更多。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Expat needs to re-parse unfinished tokens; without the protection introduced" +" in Expat 2.6.0, this can lead to quadratic runtime that can be used to " +"cause denial of service in the application parsing XML. The issue is known " +"as :cve:`2023-52425`." +msgstr "" +"Expat 需要重新解析未完成的词元；在没有 Expat 2.6.0 所引入的防护措施的情况下，这会导致可被用来在解析 XML " +"的应用程序中制造拒绝服务攻击的指数级运行时间。 此问题被称为 :cve:`2023-52425`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The documentation for :pypi:`defusedxml` on PyPI has further information " +"about all known attack vectors with examples and references." +msgstr "PyPI 上 :pypi:`defusedxml` 的文档包含关于所有已知攻击向量的更多信息并附带示例和参考资料。" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:135 +msgid "The :mod:`!defusedxml` Package" +msgstr ":mod:`!defusedxml` 包" + +#: ../../library/xml.rst:137 +msgid "" +":pypi:`defusedxml` is a pure Python package with modified subclasses of all " +"stdlib XML parsers that prevent any potentially malicious operation. Use of " +"this package is recommended for any server code that parses untrusted XML " +"data. The package also ships with example exploits and extended " +"documentation on more XML exploits such as XPath injection." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`defusedxml` 是一个纯 Python 软件包，它修改了所有 stdlib XML 解析器的子类，可以防止任何潜在的恶意操作。 " +"对于解析不受信任的 XML 数据的任何服务器代码推荐使用此软件包。 该软件包还附带了关于其他 XML 漏洞（如 XPath 注入）的利用示例和扩展文档。" diff --git a/library/xml.sax.handler.po b/library/xml.sax.handler.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a01f21e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xml.sax.handler.po @@ -0,0 +1,671 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!xml.sax.handler` --- Base classes for SAX handlers" +msgstr ":mod:`!xml.sax.handler` --- SAX 处理器的基类" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/handler.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/handler.py`" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The SAX API defines five kinds of handlers: content handlers, DTD handlers, " +"error handlers, entity resolvers and lexical handlers. Applications normally" +" only need to implement those interfaces whose events they are interested " +"in; they can implement the interfaces in a single object or in multiple " +"objects. Handler implementations should inherit from the base classes " +"provided in the module :mod:`xml.sax.handler`, so that all methods get " +"default implementations." +msgstr "" +"SAX API 定义了五种处理器：内容处理器、DTD 处理器、错误处理器、实体解析器以及词法处理器。 " +"应用程序通常只需要实现他们感兴趣的事件对应的接口；他们可以在单个对象或多个对象中实现这些接口。 处理器的实现应当继承自 " +":mod:`xml.sax.handler` 模块所提供的基类，以便所有方法都能获得默认的实现。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This is the main callback interface in SAX, and the one most important to " +"applications. The order of events in this interface mirrors the order of the" +" information in the document." +msgstr "这是 SAX 中的主回调接口，也是对应用程序来说最重要的一个接口。 此接口中事件的顺序反映了文档中信息的顺序。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:31 +msgid "Handle DTD events." +msgstr "处理 DTD 事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:33 +msgid "" +"This interface specifies only those DTD events required for basic parsing " +"(unparsed entities and attributes)." +msgstr "这个接口仅指定了基本解析（未解析的实体和属性）所需的那些 DTD 事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Basic interface for resolving entities. If you create an object implementing" +" this interface, then register the object with your Parser, the parser will " +"call the method in your object to resolve all external entities." +msgstr "用于解析实体的基本接口。 如果你创建了实现此接口的对象，然后用你的解析器注册该对象，该解析器将调用你的对象中的方法来解析所有外部实体。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Interface used by the parser to present error and warning messages to the " +"application. The methods of this object control whether errors are " +"immediately converted to exceptions or are handled in some other way." +msgstr "解析器用来向应用程序表示错误和警告的接口。 这个对象的方法控制错误是要立即转换为异常还是以某种其他该来来处理。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Interface used by the parser to represent low frequency events which may not" +" be of interest to many applications." +msgstr "解析器用来代表低频度事件的接口，这些事件可能是许多应用程序都不感兴趣的。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:56 +msgid "" +"In addition to these classes, :mod:`xml.sax.handler` provides symbolic " +"constants for the feature and property names." +msgstr "除了这些类，:mod:`xml.sax.handler` 还提供了表示特性和属性名称的符号常量。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:62 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:63 +msgid "true: Perform Namespace processing." +msgstr "true: 执行命名空间处理。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:65 +msgid "" +"false: Optionally do not perform Namespace processing (implies namespace-" +"prefixes; default)." +msgstr "false: 可选择不执行命名空间处理 (这意味着 namespace-prefixes; default)。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:66 ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:76 +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:85 ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:94 +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:102 ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:112 +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:144 +msgid "access: (parsing) read-only; (not parsing) read/write" +msgstr "access: (解析) 只读; (不解析) 读/写" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:71 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/namespace-prefixes\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/namespace-prefixes\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:73 +msgid "" +"true: Report the original prefixed names and attributes used for Namespace " +"declarations." +msgstr "true: 报告原始的带前缀名称和用于命名空间声明的属性。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:75 +msgid "" +"false: Do not report attributes used for Namespace declarations, and " +"optionally do not report original prefixed names (default)." +msgstr "false: 不报告用于命名空间声明的属性，可选择不报告原始的带前缀名称（默认）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:81 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/string-interning\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/string-interning\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:83 +msgid "" +"true: All element names, prefixes, attribute names, Namespace URIs, and " +"local names are interned using the built-in intern function." +msgstr "true: 所有元素名称、前缀、属性名称、命名空间 URI 以及本地名称都使用内置的 intern 函数进行内化。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:84 +msgid "" +"false: Names are not necessarily interned, although they may be (default)." +msgstr "false: 名称不要求被内化，但也可以被内化（默认）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:90 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/validation\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/validation\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:92 +msgid "" +"true: Report all validation errors (implies external-general-entities and " +"external-parameter-entities)." +msgstr "" +"true: 报告所有的验证错误（包括 external-general-entities 和 external-parameter-entities）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:93 +msgid "false: Do not report validation errors." +msgstr "false: 不报告验证错误。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:99 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:100 +msgid "true: Include all external general (text) entities." +msgstr "true: 包括所有的外部通用（文本）实体。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:101 +msgid "false: Do not include external general entities." +msgstr "false: 不包括外部通用实体。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:107 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:109 +msgid "" +"true: Include all external parameter entities, including the external DTD " +"subset." +msgstr "true: 包括所有的外部参数实体，也包括外部 DTD 子集。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:111 +msgid "" +"false: Do not include any external parameter entities, even the external DTD" +" subset." +msgstr "false: 不包括任何外部参数实体，也不包括外部 DTD 子集。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:117 +msgid "List of all features." +msgstr "全部特性列表。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:122 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:123 +msgid "data type: xml.sax.handler.LexicalHandler (not supported in Python 2)" +msgstr "数据类型: xml.sax.handler.LexicalHandler (在 Python 2 中不受支持)" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:125 +msgid "" +"description: An optional extension handler for lexical events like comments." +msgstr "描述: 可选的扩展处理器，用于注释等词法事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:126 ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:135 +msgid "access: read/write" +msgstr "访问: 读/写" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:131 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/declaration-handler\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/declaration-handler\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:132 +msgid "data type: xml.sax.sax2lib.DeclHandler (not supported in Python 2)" +msgstr "数据类型: xml.sax.sax2lib.DeclHandler (在 Python 2 中不受支持)" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:134 +msgid "" +"description: An optional extension handler for DTD-related events other than" +" notations and unparsed entities." +msgstr "描述: 可选的扩展处理器，用于标注和未解析实体以外的 DTD 相关事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:140 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/dom-node\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/dom-node\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:141 +msgid "data type: org.w3c.dom.Node (not supported in Python 2)" +msgstr "数据类型: org.w3c.dom.Node (在 Python 2 中不受支持)" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:143 +msgid "" +"description: When parsing, the current DOM node being visited if this is a " +"DOM iterator; when not parsing, the root DOM node for iteration." +msgstr "描述: 在解析时，如果这是一个 DOM 迭代器则为当前被访问的 DOM 节点；不在解析时，则将根 DOM 节点用于迭代。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:149 +msgid "value: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/xml-string\"``" +msgstr "值: ``\"http://xml.org/sax/properties/xml-string\"``" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:150 +msgid "data type: Bytes" +msgstr "数据类型: Bytes" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:152 +msgid "" +"description: The literal string of characters that was the source for the " +"current event." +msgstr "描述: 作为当前事件来源的字符串字面值。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:153 +msgid "access: read-only" +msgstr "访问: 只读" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:158 +msgid "List of all known property names." +msgstr "已知属性名称列表。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:164 +msgid "ContentHandler Objects" +msgstr "ContentHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Users are expected to subclass :class:`ContentHandler` to support their " +"application. The following methods are called by the parser on the " +"appropriate events in the input document:" +msgstr "用户应当子类化 :class:`ContentHandler` 来支持他们的应用程序。 以下方法会由解析器在输入文档的适当事件上调用:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Called by the parser to give the application a locator for locating the " +"origin of document events." +msgstr "由解析器调用来给予应用程序一个定位器以确定文档事件来自何处。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:176 +msgid "" +"SAX parsers are strongly encouraged (though not absolutely required) to " +"supply a locator: if it does so, it must supply the locator to the " +"application by invoking this method before invoking any of the other methods" +" in the DocumentHandler interface." +msgstr "" +"强烈建议（虽然不是绝对的要求） SAX 解析器提供一个定位器：如果提供的话，它必须在唤起 DocumentHandler " +"接口的任何其他方法之前通过唤起此方法来提供定位器。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:181 +msgid "" +"The locator allows the application to determine the end position of any " +"document-related event, even if the parser is not reporting an error. " +"Typically, the application will use this information for reporting its own " +"errors (such as character content that does not match an application's " +"business rules). The information returned by the locator is probably not " +"sufficient for use with a search engine." +msgstr "" +"定位器允许应用程序确定任何文档相关事件的结束位置，即使解析器没有报告错误。 " +"通常，应用程序将使用这些信息来报告它自己的错误（例如未匹配到应用程序业务规则的字符内容）。 定位器所返回的信息可能不足以与搜索引擎配合使用。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Note that the locator will return correct information only during the " +"invocation of the events in this interface. The application should not " +"attempt to use it at any other time." +msgstr "请注意定位器只有在发唤起此接口中的事件时才会返回正确的信息。 应用程序不应试图在其他任何时刻使用它。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:195 +msgid "Receive notification of the beginning of a document." +msgstr "接收一个文档开始的通知。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The SAX parser will invoke this method only once, before any other methods " +"in this interface or in DTDHandler (except for :meth:`setDocumentLocator`)." +msgstr "" +"SAX 解析器将只唤起这个方法一次，并且会在调用这个接口或 DTDHandler 中的任何其他方法之前 " +"(:meth:`setDocumentLocator` 除外)。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:203 +msgid "Receive notification of the end of a document." +msgstr "接收一个文档结束的通知。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:205 +msgid "" +"The SAX parser will invoke this method only once, and it will be the last " +"method invoked during the parse. The parser shall not invoke this method " +"until it has either abandoned parsing (because of an unrecoverable error) or" +" reached the end of input." +msgstr "" +"SAX 解析器将只唤起这个方法一次，并且它将是在解析过程中最后被唤起的方法。 解析器在（因不可恢复的错误）放弃解析或到达输入的终点之前不应唤起这个方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:213 +msgid "Begin the scope of a prefix-URI Namespace mapping." +msgstr "开始一个前缀 URI 命名空间映射的范围。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:215 +msgid "" +"The information from this event is not necessary for normal Namespace " +"processing: the SAX XML reader will automatically replace prefixes for " +"element and attribute names when the ``feature_namespaces`` feature is " +"enabled (the default)." +msgstr "" +"来自此事件的信息对于一般命名空间处理来说是不必要的：当 ``feature_namespaces`` 特性被启用时（默认）SAX XML " +"读取器将自动为元素和属性名称替换前缀。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:220 +msgid "" +"There are cases, however, when applications need to use prefixes in " +"character data or in attribute values, where they cannot safely be expanded " +"automatically; the :meth:`startPrefixMapping` and :meth:`endPrefixMapping` " +"events supply the information to the application to expand prefixes in those" +" contexts itself, if necessary." +msgstr "" +"但是也存在一些情况，当应用程序需要在字符数据或属性值中使用前缀，而它们无法被安全地自动扩展；:meth:`startPrefixMapping` 和 " +":meth:`endPrefixMapping` 事件会向应用程序提供信息以便在这些上下文内部扩展前缀，如果有必要的话。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Note that :meth:`startPrefixMapping` and :meth:`endPrefixMapping` events are" +" not guaranteed to be properly nested relative to each-other: all " +":meth:`startPrefixMapping` events will occur before the corresponding " +":meth:`startElement` event, and all :meth:`endPrefixMapping` events will " +"occur after the corresponding :meth:`endElement` event, but their order is " +"not guaranteed." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :meth:`startPrefixMapping` 和 :meth:`endPrefixMapping` " +"事件并不保证能够相对彼此被正确地嵌套：所有 :meth:`startPrefixMapping` 事件都将在对应的 " +":meth:`startElement` 事件之前发生，而所有 :meth:`endPrefixMapping` 事件都将在对应的 " +":meth:`endElement` 事件之后发生，但它们的并不保证一致。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:238 +msgid "End the scope of a prefix-URI mapping." +msgstr "结束一个前缀 URI 映射的范围。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:240 +msgid "" +"See :meth:`startPrefixMapping` for details. This event will always occur " +"after the corresponding :meth:`endElement` event, but the order of " +":meth:`endPrefixMapping` events is not otherwise guaranteed." +msgstr "" +"请参看 :meth:`startPrefixMapping` 了解详情。 此事件将总是会在对应的 :meth:`endElement` 事件之后发生，但" +" :meth:`endPrefixMapping` 事件的顺序则并没有保证。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:247 +msgid "Signals the start of an element in non-namespace mode." +msgstr "在非命令空间模式下指示一个元素的开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:249 +msgid "" +"The *name* parameter contains the raw XML 1.0 name of the element type as a " +"string and the *attrs* parameter holds an object of the " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Attributes` interface (see :ref:`attributes-" +"objects`) containing the attributes of the element. The object passed as " +"*attrs* may be re-used by the parser; holding on to a reference to it is not" +" a reliable way to keep a copy of the attributes. To keep a copy of the " +"attributes, use the :meth:`copy` method of the *attrs* object." +msgstr "" +"*name* 形参包含字符串形式的元素类型原始 XML 1.0 名称而 *attrs* 形参存放包含元素属性的 " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Attributes` 接口对象 (参见 :ref:`attributes-objects`)。 " +"作为 *attrs* 传入的对象可能被解析器所重用；维持一个对它的引用不是保持属性副本的可靠方式。 要保持这些属性的一个副本，请使用 *attrs* " +"对象的 :meth:`copy` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:261 +msgid "Signals the end of an element in non-namespace mode." +msgstr "在非命名空间模式下指示一个元素的结束。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The *name* parameter contains the name of the element type, just as with the" +" :meth:`startElement` event." +msgstr "*name* 形参包含元素类型的名称，与 :meth:`startElement` 事件的一样。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:269 +msgid "Signals the start of an element in namespace mode." +msgstr "在命名空间模式下指示一个元素的开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:271 +msgid "" +"The *name* parameter contains the name of the element type as a ``(uri, " +"localname)`` tuple, the *qname* parameter contains the raw XML 1.0 name used" +" in the source document, and the *attrs* parameter holds an instance of the " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.AttributesNS` interface (see :ref:`attributes-ns-" +"objects`) containing the attributes of the element. If no namespace is " +"associated with the element, the *uri* component of *name* will be ``None``." +" The object passed as *attrs* may be re-used by the parser; holding on to a" +" reference to it is not a reliable way to keep a copy of the attributes. To" +" keep a copy of the attributes, use the :meth:`copy` method of the *attrs* " +"object." +msgstr "" +"*name* 形参包含以 ``(uri, localname)`` 元组表示的元素类型名称，*qname* 形参包含源文档中使用的原始 XML 1.0 " +"名称，而 *attrs* 形参存放包含元素属性的 :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.AttributesNS` 接口实例 (参见 " +":ref:`attributes-ns-objects`)。 如果没有命名空间被关联到元素，则 *name* 的 *uri* 部分将为 " +"``None``。 作为 *attrs* 传入的对象可能被解析器所重用；维持一个对它的引用不是保持属性副本的可靠方式。 要保持这些属性的一个副本，请使用" +" *attrs* 对象的 :meth:`copy` 方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Parsers may set the *qname* parameter to ``None``, unless the " +"``feature_namespace_prefixes`` feature is activated." +msgstr "解析器可将 *qname* 形参设为 ``None``，除非 ``feature_namespace_prefixes`` 特性已被激活。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:288 +msgid "Signals the end of an element in namespace mode." +msgstr "在命名空间模式下指示一个元素的结束。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:290 +msgid "" +"The *name* parameter contains the name of the element type, just as with the" +" :meth:`startElementNS` method, likewise the *qname* parameter." +msgstr "*name* 形参包含元素类型的名称，与 :meth:`startElementNS` 方法的一样，*qname* 形参也是类似的。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:296 +msgid "Receive notification of character data." +msgstr "接收字符数据的通知。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:298 +msgid "" +"The Parser will call this method to report each chunk of character data. SAX" +" parsers may return all contiguous character data in a single chunk, or they" +" may split it into several chunks; however, all of the characters in any " +"single event must come from the same external entity so that the Locator " +"provides useful information." +msgstr "" +"解析器将调用此方法来报告每一个字符数据分块。 SAX " +"解析器可以将所有连续字符数据返回为一个单独分块，或者将其拆成几个分块；但是，在任意单个事件中的所有字符都必须来自同一个外部实体以便定位器提供有用的信息。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:304 +msgid "" +"*content* may be a string or bytes instance; the ``expat`` reader module " +"always produces strings." +msgstr "*content* 可以是一个字符串或字节串实例；``expat`` 读取器模块总是会产生字符串。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:309 +msgid "" +"The earlier SAX 1 interface provided by the Python XML Special Interest " +"Group used a more Java-like interface for this method. Since most parsers " +"used from Python did not take advantage of the older interface, the simpler " +"signature was chosen to replace it. To convert old code to the new " +"interface, use *content* instead of slicing content with the old *offset* " +"and *length* parameters." +msgstr "" +"Python XML 特别关注小组所提供的早期 SAX 1 接口针对此方法使用了一个更类似于 Java 的接口。 由于 Python " +"所使用的大多数解析器都没有利用老式的接口，因而选择了更简单的签名来替代它。 要将旧代码转换为新接口，请使用 *content* 而不要通过旧的 " +"*offset* 和 *length* 形参来对内容进行切片。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:318 +msgid "Receive notification of ignorable whitespace in element content." +msgstr "接收元素内容中可忽略空白符的通知。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Validating Parsers must use this method to report each chunk of ignorable " +"whitespace (see the W3C XML 1.0 recommendation, section 2.10): non-" +"validating parsers may also use this method if they are capable of parsing " +"and using content models." +msgstr "" +"验证解析器必须使用此方法来报告每个可忽略的空白符分块（参见 W3C XML 1.0 建议第 2.10 " +"节）：非验证解析器如果能够解析并使用内容模型的话也可以使用此方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:325 +msgid "" +"SAX parsers may return all contiguous whitespace in a single chunk, or they " +"may split it into several chunks; however, all of the characters in any " +"single event must come from the same external entity, so that the Locator " +"provides useful information." +msgstr "" +"SAX " +"解析器可以将所有连续字符数据返回为一个单独分块，或者将其拆成几个分块；但是，在任意单个事件中的所有字符都必须来自同一个外部实体以便定位器提供有用的信息。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:333 +msgid "Receive notification of a processing instruction." +msgstr "接受一条处理指令的通知。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:335 +msgid "" +"The Parser will invoke this method once for each processing instruction " +"found: note that processing instructions may occur before or after the main " +"document element." +msgstr "解析器将为已找到的每条处理指令唤起该方法一次：请注意处理指令可能出现在主文档元素之前或之后。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:339 +msgid "" +"A SAX parser should never report an XML declaration (XML 1.0, section 2.8) " +"or a text declaration (XML 1.0, section 4.3.1) using this method." +msgstr "SAX 解析器绝不应当使用此方法来报告 XML 声明（XML 1.0 第 2.8 节）或文本声明（XML 1.0 第 4.3.1 节）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:345 +msgid "Receive notification of a skipped entity." +msgstr "接收一个已跳过实体的通知。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:347 +msgid "" +"The Parser will invoke this method once for each entity skipped. Non-" +"validating processors may skip entities if they have not seen the " +"declarations (because, for example, the entity was declared in an external " +"DTD subset). All processors may skip external entities, depending on the " +"values of the ``feature_external_ges`` and the ``feature_external_pes`` " +"properties." +msgstr "" +"解析器将为每个已跳过实体唤起此方法一次。 非验证处理程序可能会跳过未看到声明的实体（例如，由于实体是在一个外部because, for example," +" the entity was declared in an external DTD 子集中声明的）。 所有处理程序都可以跳过外部实体，具体取决于 " +"``feature_external_ges`` 和 ``feature_external_pes`` 属性的值。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:357 +msgid "DTDHandler Objects" +msgstr "DTDHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:359 +msgid ":class:`DTDHandler` instances provide the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`DTDHandler` 实例提供了下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:364 +msgid "Handle a notation declaration event." +msgstr "处理标注声明事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:369 +msgid "Handle an unparsed entity declaration event." +msgstr "处理未解析的实体声明事件。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:375 +msgid "EntityResolver Objects" +msgstr "EntityResolver 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:380 +msgid "" +"Resolve the system identifier of an entity and return either the system " +"identifier to read from as a string, or an InputSource to read from. The " +"default implementation returns *systemId*." +msgstr "" +"求解一个实体的系统标识符并返回一个字符串形式的系统标识符作为读取源，或是一个 InputSource 作为读取源。 默认的实现会返回 " +"*systemId*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:388 +msgid "ErrorHandler Objects" +msgstr "ErrorHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:390 +msgid "" +"Objects with this interface are used to receive error and warning " +"information from the :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader`. If you create " +"an object that implements this interface, then register the object with your" +" :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader`, the parser will call the methods in " +"your object to report all warnings and errors. There are three levels of " +"errors available: warnings, (possibly) recoverable errors, and unrecoverable" +" errors. All methods take a :exc:`~xml.sax.SAXParseException` as the only " +"parameter. Errors and warnings may be converted to an exception by raising " +"the passed-in exception object." +msgstr "" +"带有这个接口的对象被用于接收来自 :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` 的错误和警告信息。 " +"如果你创建了一个实现此接口的对象，然后用你的 :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` " +"注册这个对象，则解析器将调用你的对象中的这个方法来报告所有的警告和错误。 有三个可用的错误级别：警告、（或许）可恢复的错误和不可恢复的错误。 " +"所有方法都接受 :exc:`~xml.sax.SAXParseException` 作为唯一的形参。 " +"错误和警告可以通过引发所传入的异常对象来转换为异常。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:403 +msgid "" +"Called when the parser encounters a recoverable error. If this method does " +"not raise an exception, parsing may continue, but further document " +"information should not be expected by the application. Allowing the parser " +"to continue may allow additional errors to be discovered in the input " +"document." +msgstr "" +"当解析器遇到一个可恢复的错误时调用。 如果此方法没有引发异常，则解析可能会继续，但是应用程序不能预期获得更多的文档信息。 " +"允许解析器继续可能会允许在输入文档中发现额外的错误。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Called when the parser encounters an error it cannot recover from; parsing " +"is expected to terminate when this method returns." +msgstr "当解析器遇到一个不可恢复的错误时调用；在此方法返回时解析应当终止。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:417 +msgid "" +"Called when the parser presents minor warning information to the " +"application. Parsing is expected to continue when this method returns, and " +"document information will continue to be passed to the application. Raising " +"an exception in this method will cause parsing to end." +msgstr "" +"当解析器向应用程序提供次要警告信息时调用。 在此方法返回时解析应当继续，并且文档信息将继续被传递给应用程序。 在此方法中引发异常将导致解析结束。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:426 +msgid "LexicalHandler Objects" +msgstr "LexicalHandler 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:427 +msgid "Optional SAX2 handler for lexical events." +msgstr "可选的词法事件 SAX2 处理器。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:429 +msgid "" +"This handler is used to obtain lexical information about an XML document. " +"Lexical information includes information describing the document encoding " +"used and XML comments embedded in the document, as well as section " +"boundaries for the DTD and for any CDATA sections. The lexical handlers are " +"used in the same manner as content handlers." +msgstr "" +"这个处理器被用来获取一个 XML 文档的相关词法信息。 词法信息包括描述所使用的文档编码格式和嵌入文档中的 XML 注释，以及 DTD 和任何 " +"CDATA 部分的节边界。 词法处理器的使用方式与内容处理器相同。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Set the LexicalHandler of an XMLReader by using the setProperty method with " +"the property identifier ``'http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler'``." +msgstr "" +"通过使用带有属性标识符 ``'http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler'`` 的 " +"setProperty 方法来设置一个 XMLReader 的 LexicalHandler。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Reports a comment anywhere in the document (including the DTD and outside " +"the document element)." +msgstr "报告在文档中任何地方（包括 DTD 和文档元素以外）的注释。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:447 +msgid "" +"Reports the start of the DTD declarations if the document has an associated " +"DTD." +msgstr "如果文档有关联的 DTD 则报告 DTD 声明的开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:452 +msgid "Reports the end of DTD declaration." +msgstr "报告 DTD 声明的结束。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:456 +msgid "Reports the start of a CDATA marked section." +msgstr "报告 CDATA 标记部分的开始。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:458 +msgid "" +"The contents of the CDATA marked section will be reported through the " +"characters handler." +msgstr "CDATA 标记部分的内容将通过字符处理器来报告。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.handler.rst:463 +msgid "Reports the end of a CDATA marked section." +msgstr "报告 CDATA 标记部分的结束。" diff --git a/library/xml.sax.po b/library/xml.sax.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..425e296a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xml.sax.po @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!xml.sax` --- Support for SAX2 parsers" +msgstr ":mod:`!xml.sax` --- SAX2 解析器支持" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:11 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/__init__.py`" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.sax` package provides a number of modules which implement the " +"Simple API for XML (SAX) interface for Python. The package itself provides " +"the SAX exceptions and the convenience functions which will be most used by " +"users of the SAX API." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.sax` 包提供多个模块，它们在 Python 上实现了用于 XML (SAX) 接口的简单 API。 这个包本身为 SAX " +"API 用户提供了一些最常用的 SAX 异常和便捷函数。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.sax` module is not secure against maliciously constructed " +"data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data see :ref:`xml-" +"vulnerabilities`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.sax` 模块对于恶意构建的数据是不安全的。 如果你需要解析不受信任或未经身份验证的数据，请参阅 :ref:`xml-" +"vulnerabilities`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The SAX parser no longer processes general external entities by default to " +"increase security. Before, the parser created network connections to fetch " +"remote files or loaded local files from the file system for DTD and " +"entities. The feature can be enabled again with method " +":meth:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.setFeature` on the parser object and " +"argument :data:`~xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges`." +msgstr "" +"SAX 解析器默认不会再处理通用外部实体以便提升安全性。 在此之前，解析器会创建网络连接来获取远程文件或是从 DTD 和实体文件系统中加载本地文件。 " +"此特性可通过在解析器对象上调用 :meth:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.setFeature` 对象并传入参数 " +":data:`~xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges` 来重新启用。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:36 +msgid "The convenience functions are:" +msgstr "可用的便捷函数如下所列:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Create and return a SAX :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` object. The " +"first parser found will be used. If *parser_list* is provided, it must be " +"an iterable of strings which name modules that have a function named " +":func:`create_parser`. Modules listed in *parser_list* will be used before " +"modules in the default list of parsers." +msgstr "" +"创建并返回一个 SAX :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` 对象。 将返回第一个被找到的解析器。 如果提供了 " +"*parser_list*，它必须为一个包含字符串的可迭代对象，这些字符串指定了具有名为 :func:`create_parser` 函数的模块。 在 " +"*parser_list* 中列出的模块将在默认解析器列表中的模块之前被使用。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:47 +msgid "The *parser_list* argument can be any iterable, not just a list." +msgstr "*parser_list* 参数可以是任意可迭代对象，而不一定是列表。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Create a SAX parser and use it to parse a document. The document, passed in" +" as *filename_or_stream*, can be a filename or a file object. The *handler*" +" parameter needs to be a SAX :class:`~handler.ContentHandler` instance. If " +"*error_handler* is given, it must be a SAX :class:`~handler.ErrorHandler` " +"instance; if omitted, :exc:`SAXParseException` will be raised on all " +"errors. There is no return value; all work must be done by the *handler* " +"passed in." +msgstr "" +"创建一个 SAX 解析器并用它来解析文档。 用于传入文档的 *filename_or_stream* 可以是一个文件名或文件对象。 *handler* " +"形参必须是一个 SAX :class:`~handler.ContentHandler` 实例。 如果给出了 " +"*error_handler*，则它必须是一个 SAX :class:`~handler.ErrorHandler` " +"实例；如果省略，则对于任何错误都将引发 :exc:`SAXParseException`。 此函数没有返回值；所有操作必须由传入的 *handler*" +" 来完成。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`parse`, but parses from a buffer *string* received as a " +"parameter. *string* must be a :class:`str` instance or a :term:`bytes-like " +"object`." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :func:`parse`，但解析对象是作为形参传入的缓冲区 *string*。 *string* 必须为 :class:`str` 实例或者 " +":term:`bytes-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:68 +msgid "Added support of :class:`str` instances." +msgstr "增加了对 :class:`str` 实例的支持。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:71 +msgid "" +"A typical SAX application uses three kinds of objects: readers, handlers and" +" input sources. \"Reader\" in this context is another term for parser, i.e." +" some piece of code that reads the bytes or characters from the input " +"source, and produces a sequence of events. The events then get distributed " +"to the handler objects, i.e. the reader invokes a method on the handler. A " +"SAX application must therefore obtain a reader object, create or open the " +"input sources, create the handlers, and connect these objects all together." +" As the final step of preparation, the reader is called to parse the input." +" During parsing, methods on the handler objects are called based on " +"structural and syntactic events from the input data." +msgstr "" +"典型的 SAX 应用程序会使用三种对象：读取器、处理器和输入源。 " +"“读取器”在此上下文中与解析器同义，即某个从输入源读取字节或字符，并产生事件序列的代码段。 " +"事件随后将被分发给处理器对象，即由读取器唤起处理器上的某个方法。 因此 SAX " +"应用程序必须获取一个读取器对象，创建或打开输入源，创建处理器，并一起连接到这些对象。 作为准备工作的最后一步，将调用读取器来解析输入内容。 " +"在解析过程中，会根据来自输入数据的结构化和语义化事件来调用处理器对象上的方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:82 +msgid "" +"For these objects, only the interfaces are relevant; they are normally not " +"instantiated by the application itself. Since Python does not have an " +"explicit notion of interface, they are formally introduced as classes, but " +"applications may use implementations which do not inherit from the provided " +"classes. The :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource`, " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator`, :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Attributes`," +" :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.AttributesNS`, and " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` interfaces are defined in the module " +":mod:`xml.sax.xmlreader`. The handler interfaces are defined in " +":mod:`xml.sax.handler`. For convenience, " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` (which is often instantiated " +"directly) and the handler classes are also available from :mod:`xml.sax`. " +"These interfaces are described below." +msgstr "" +"就这些对象而言，只有接口部分是需要关注的；它们通常不是由应用程序本身来实例化。 由于 Python " +"没有显式的接口标记法，它们的正式引入形式是类，但应用程序可能会使用并非从已提供的类继承而来的实现。 " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource`, " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator`, :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Attributes`," +" :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.AttributesNS` 以及 " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` 接口是在 :mod:`xml.sax.xmlreader` 模块中定义的。 " +"处理器接口是在 :mod:`xml.sax.handler` 中定义的。 " +"为了方便起见，:class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` (它往往会被直接实例化) 和处理器类也可以从 " +":mod:`xml.sax` 获得。 这些接口的描述见下文。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:95 +msgid "" +"In addition to these classes, :mod:`xml.sax` provides the following " +"exception classes." +msgstr "除了这些类，:mod:`xml.sax` 还提供了如下异常类。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Encapsulate an XML error or warning. This class can contain basic error or " +"warning information from either the XML parser or the application: it can be" +" subclassed to provide additional functionality or to add localization. " +"Note that although the handlers defined in the " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler` interface receive instances of this " +"exception, it is not required to actually raise the exception --- it is also" +" useful as a container for information." +msgstr "" +"封装某个 XML 错误或警告。 这个类可以包含来自 XML 解析器或应用程序的基本错误或警告信息：它可以被子类化以提供额外的功能或是添加本地化信息。 " +"请注意虽然在 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler` " +"接口中定义的处理器可以接收该异常的实例，但是并不要求实际引发该异常 --- 它也可以被用作信息的容器。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:109 +msgid "" +"When instantiated, *msg* should be a human-readable description of the " +"error. The optional *exception* parameter, if given, should be ``None`` or " +"an exception that was caught by the parsing code and is being passed along " +"as information." +msgstr "" +"当实例化时，*msg* 应当是适合人类阅读的错误描述。 如果给出了可选的 *exception* 形参，它应当为 ``None`` " +"或者解析代码所捕获的异常并会被作为信息传递出去。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:113 +msgid "This is the base class for the other SAX exception classes." +msgstr "这是其他 SAX 异常类的基类。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`SAXException` raised on parse errors. Instances of this " +"class are passed to the methods of the SAX " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler` interface to provide information " +"about the parse error. This class supports the SAX " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator` interface as well as the " +":class:`SAXException` interface." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SAXException` 的子类，针对解析错误引发。 这个类的实例会被传递给 SAX " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler` 接口的方法来提供关于解析错误的信息。 这个类支持 SAX " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.Locator` 接口以及 :class:`SAXException` 接口。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`SAXException` raised when a SAX " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` is confronted with an unrecognized " +"feature or property. SAX applications and extensions may use this class for" +" similar purposes." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SAXException` 的子类，当 SAX :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` " +"遇到不可识别的特性或属性时引发。 SAX 应用程序和扩展可能会出于类似目的而使用这个类。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Subclass of :exc:`SAXException` raised when a SAX " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` is asked to enable a feature that is " +"not supported, or to set a property to a value that the implementation does " +"not support. SAX applications and extensions may use this class for similar" +" purposes." +msgstr "" +":exc:`SAXException` 的子类，当 SAX :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` " +"被要求启用某个不受支持的特性，或者将某个属性设为具体实现不支持的值时引发。 SAX 应用程序和扩展可能会出于类似目的而使用这个类。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:145 +msgid "`SAX: The Simple API for XML `_" +msgstr "`SAX: The Simple API for XML `_" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:146 +msgid "" +"This site is the focal point for the definition of the SAX API. It provides" +" a Java implementation and online documentation. Links to implementations " +"and historical information are also available." +msgstr "这个网站是 SAX API 定义的焦点。 它提供了一个 Java 实现以及在线文档。 还包括其他实现的链接和历史信息。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:150 +msgid "Module :mod:`xml.sax.handler`" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.sax.handler` 模块" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:151 +msgid "Definitions of the interfaces for application-provided objects." +msgstr "应用程序所提供对象的接口定义。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:153 +msgid "Module :mod:`xml.sax.saxutils`" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.sax.saxutils` 模块" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:154 +msgid "Convenience functions for use in SAX applications." +msgstr "可在 SAX 应用程序中使用的便捷函数。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:156 +msgid "Module :mod:`xml.sax.xmlreader`" +msgstr ":mod:`xml.sax.xmlreader` 模块" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:157 +msgid "Definitions of the interfaces for parser-provided objects." +msgstr "解析器所提供对象的接口定义。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:163 +msgid "SAXException Objects" +msgstr "SAXException 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The :class:`SAXException` exception class supports the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`SAXException` 异常类支持下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:170 +msgid "Return a human-readable message describing the error condition." +msgstr "返回描述错误条件的适合人类阅读的消息。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.rst:175 +msgid "Return an encapsulated exception object, or ``None``." +msgstr "返回一个封装的异常对象或者 ``None``。" diff --git a/library/xml.sax.reader.po b/library/xml.sax.reader.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e99f08cac --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xml.sax.reader.po @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!xml.sax.xmlreader` --- Interface for XML parsers" +msgstr ":mod:`!xml.sax.xmlreader` --- 用于 XML 解析器的接口" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/xmlreader.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/xmlreader.py`" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:14 +msgid "" +"SAX parsers implement the :class:`XMLReader` interface. They are implemented" +" in a Python module, which must provide a function :func:`create_parser`. " +"This function is invoked by :func:`xml.sax.make_parser` with no arguments " +"to create a new parser object." +msgstr "" +"SAX 解析器实现了 :class:`XMLReader` 接口。 它们是在一个 Python 模块中实现的，该模块必须提供一个 " +":func:`create_parser` 函数。 该函数由 :func:`xml.sax.make_parser` " +"不带参数地唤起来创建新的解析器对象。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:22 +msgid "Base class which can be inherited by SAX parsers." +msgstr "可由 SAX 解析器继承的基类。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:27 +msgid "" +"In some cases, it is desirable not to parse an input source at once, but to " +"feed chunks of the document as they get available. Note that the reader will" +" normally not read the entire file, but read it in chunks as well; still " +":meth:`parse` won't return until the entire document is processed. So these " +"interfaces should be used if the blocking behaviour of :meth:`parse` is not " +"desirable." +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下，最好不要一次性地解析输入源，而是在可用的时候分块送入。 请注意读取器通常不会读取整个文件，它同样也是分块读取的； 并且 " +":meth:`parse` 在处理完整个文档之前不会返回。 所以如果不希望 :meth:`parse` 出现阻塞行为则应当使用这些接口。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:33 +msgid "" +"When the parser is instantiated it is ready to begin accepting data from the" +" feed method immediately. After parsing has been finished with a call to " +"close the reset method must be called to make the parser ready to accept new" +" data, either from feed or using the parse method." +msgstr "" +"当解析器被实例化时它已准备好立即开始接受来自 feed 方法的数据。 在通过调用 close 方法结束解析时 reset " +"方法也必须被调用以使解析器准备好接受新的数据，无论它是来自于 feed 还是使用 parse 方法。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Note that these methods must *not* be called during parsing, that is, after " +"parse has been called and before it returns." +msgstr "请注意这些方法 *不可* 在解析期间被调用，即在 parse 被调用之后及其返回之前。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:41 +msgid "" +"By default, the class also implements the parse method of the XMLReader " +"interface using the feed, close and reset methods of the IncrementalParser " +"interface as a convenience to SAX 2.0 driver writers." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，该类还使用 IncrementalParser 接口的 feed, close 和 reset 方法来实现 XMLReader 接口的 " +"parse 方法以方便 SAX 2.0 驱动的编写者。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:48 +msgid "" +"Interface for associating a SAX event with a document location. A locator " +"object will return valid results only during calls to DocumentHandler " +"methods; at any other time, the results are unpredictable. If information is" +" not available, methods may return ``None``." +msgstr "" +"用于关联一个 SAX 事件与一个文档位置的接口。 定位器对象只有在调用 DocumentHandler " +"的方法期间才会返回有效的结果；在其他任何时候，结果都是不可预测的。 如果信息不可用，这些方法可能返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Encapsulation of the information needed by the :class:`XMLReader` to read " +"entities." +msgstr ":class:`XMLReader` 读取实体所需信息的封装。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:59 +msgid "" +"This class may include information about the public identifier, system " +"identifier, byte stream (possibly with character encoding information) " +"and/or the character stream of an entity." +msgstr "这个类可能包括了关于公有标识符、系统标识符、字节流（可能带有字符编码格式信息）和/或一个实体的字符流的信息。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Applications will create objects of this class for use in the " +":meth:`XMLReader.parse` method and for returning from " +"EntityResolver.resolveEntity." +msgstr "" +"应用程序将创建这个类的对象以便在 :meth:`XMLReader.parse` 方法中使用或是用于从 " +"EntityResolver.resolveEntity 返回值。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:67 +msgid "" +"An :class:`InputSource` belongs to the application, the :class:`XMLReader` " +"is not allowed to modify :class:`InputSource` objects passed to it from the " +"application, although it may make copies and modify those." +msgstr "" +":class:`InputSource` 属于应用程序，:class:`XMLReader` 不能修改从应用程序传递给它的 " +":class:`InputSource` 对象，但它可以创建副本并进行修改。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:74 +msgid "" +"This is an implementation of the :class:`Attributes` interface (see section " +":ref:`attributes-objects`). This is a dictionary-like object which " +"represents the element attributes in a :meth:`startElement` call. In " +"addition to the most useful dictionary operations, it supports a number of " +"other methods as described by the interface. Objects of this class should be" +" instantiated by readers; *attrs* must be a dictionary-like object " +"containing a mapping from attribute names to attribute values." +msgstr "" +"这是 :class:`Attributes` 接口（参见 :ref:`attributes-objects` 一节）的具体实现。 这是一个 " +":meth:`startElement` 调用中的元素属性的字典类对象。 除了最有用处的字典操作，它还支持接口所描述的一些其他方法。 " +"该类的对象应当由读取器来实例化；*attrs* 必须为包含从属性名到属性值的映射的字典类对象。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Namespace-aware variant of :class:`AttributesImpl`, which will be passed to " +":meth:`startElementNS`. It is derived from :class:`AttributesImpl`, but " +"understands attribute names as two-tuples of *namespaceURI* and *localname*." +" In addition, it provides a number of methods expecting qualified names as " +"they appear in the original document. This class implements the " +":class:`AttributesNS` interface (see section :ref:`attributes-ns-objects`)." +msgstr "" +"可感知命名空间的 :class:`AttributesImpl` 变体形式，它将被传递给 :meth:`startElementNS`。 它派生自 " +":class:`AttributesImpl`，但会将属性名称解读为 *namespaceURI* 和 *localname* 二元组。 " +"此外，它还提供了一些期望接收在原始文档中出现的限定名称的方法。 这个类实现了 :class:`AttributesNS` 接口（参见 " +":ref:`attributes-ns-objects` 一节）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:96 +msgid "XMLReader Objects" +msgstr "XMLReader 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:98 +msgid "The :class:`XMLReader` interface supports the following methods:" +msgstr ":class:`XMLReader` 接口支持下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Process an input source, producing SAX events. The *source* object can be a " +"system identifier (a string identifying the input source -- typically a file" +" name or a URL), a :class:`pathlib.Path` or :term:`path-like ` object, or an :class:`InputSource` object. When :meth:`parse` " +"returns, the input is completely processed, and the parser object can be " +"discarded or reset." +msgstr "" +"处理输入源，产生 SAX 事件。 *source* 对象可以是一个系统标识符（标识输入源的字符串 -- 通常为文件名或 URL）, " +":class:`pathlib.Path` 或 :term:`路径类 ` 对象，或者是 " +":class:`InputSource` 对象。 当 :meth:`parse` 返回时，输入会被全部处理完成，解析器对象可以被丢弃或重置。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:110 +msgid "Added support of character streams." +msgstr "添加了对字符流的支持。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:113 +msgid "Added support of path-like objects." +msgstr "增加了对路径类对象的支持。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:119 +msgid "Return the current :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler`." +msgstr "返回当前的 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Set the current :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler`. If no " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler` is set, content events will be " +"discarded." +msgstr "" +"设置当前的 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler`。 如果没有设置 " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler`，内容事件将被丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:131 +msgid "Return the current :class:`~xml.sax.handler.DTDHandler`." +msgstr "返回当前的 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.DTDHandler`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:136 +msgid "" +"Set the current :class:`~xml.sax.handler.DTDHandler`. If no " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.DTDHandler` is set, DTD events will be discarded." +msgstr "" +"设置当前的 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.DTDHandler`。 如果没有设置 " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.DTDHandler`，DTD 事件将被丢弃。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:143 +msgid "Return the current :class:`~xml.sax.handler.EntityResolver`." +msgstr "返回当前的 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.EntityResolver`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Set the current :class:`~xml.sax.handler.EntityResolver`. If no " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.EntityResolver` is set, attempts to resolve an " +"external entity will result in opening the system identifier for the entity," +" and fail if it is not available." +msgstr "" +"设置当前的 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.EntityResolver`。 如果没有设置 " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.EntityResolver`，尝试解析一个外部实体将导致打开该实体的系统标识符，并且如果它不可用则操作将失败。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:156 +msgid "Return the current :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler`." +msgstr "返回当前的 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler`。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Set the current error handler. If no :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler`" +" is set, errors will be raised as exceptions, and warnings will be printed." +msgstr "" +"设置当前的错误处理器。 如果没有设置 " +":class:`~xml.sax.handler.ErrorHandler`，错误将作为异常被引发，并将打印警告信息。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:167 +msgid "Allow an application to set the locale for errors and warnings." +msgstr "允许应用程序为错误和警告设置语言区域。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:169 +msgid "" +"SAX parsers are not required to provide localization for errors and " +"warnings; if they cannot support the requested locale, however, they must " +"raise a SAX exception. Applications may request a locale change in the " +"middle of a parse." +msgstr "" +"SAX 解析器不要求为错误和警告提供本地化信息；但是如果它们无法支持所请求的语言区域，则必须引发一个 SAX 异常。 " +"应用程序可以在解析的中途请求更改语言区域。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Return the current setting for feature *featurename*. If the feature is not" +" recognized, :exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException` is raised. The well-known " +"featurenames are listed in the module :mod:`xml.sax.handler`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *featurename* 特性的当前设置。 如果特性无法被识别，则会引发 :exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException`。 在" +" :mod:`xml.sax.handler` 模块中列出了常见的特性名称。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Set the *featurename* to *value*. If the feature is not recognized, " +":exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException` is raised. If the feature or its setting is" +" not supported by the parser, *SAXNotSupportedException* is raised." +msgstr "" +"将 *featurename* 设为 *value*。 如果特性无法被识别，则会引发 :exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException`。" +" 如果特性或其设置不被解析器所支持，则会引发 *SAXNotSupportedException*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Return the current setting for property *propertyname*. If the property is " +"not recognized, a :exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException` is raised. The well-known" +" propertynames are listed in the module :mod:`xml.sax.handler`." +msgstr "" +"返回 *propertyname* 属性的当前设置。 如果属性无法被识别，则会引发 :exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException`。 " +"在 :mod:`xml.sax.handler` 模块中列出了常见的属性名称。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:197 +msgid "" +"Set the *propertyname* to *value*. If the property is not recognized, " +":exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException` is raised. If the property or its setting " +"is not supported by the parser, *SAXNotSupportedException* is raised." +msgstr "" +"将 *propertyname* 设为 *value*。 如果属性无法被识别，则会引发 " +":exc:`SAXNotRecognizedException`。 如果属性或其设置不被解析器所支持，则会引发 " +"*SAXNotSupportedException*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:205 +msgid "IncrementalParser Objects" +msgstr "IncrementalParser 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`IncrementalParser` offer the following additional " +"methods:" +msgstr ":class:`IncrementalParser` 的实例额外提供了下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:212 +msgid "Process a chunk of *data*." +msgstr "处理 *data* 的一个分块。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Assume the end of the document. That will check well-formedness conditions " +"that can be checked only at the end, invoke handlers, and may clean up " +"resources allocated during parsing." +msgstr "确定文档的结尾。 这将检查只能在结尾处检查的格式是否良好的条件，唤起处理程序，并可能会清理在解析期间分配的资源。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:224 +msgid "" +"This method is called after close has been called to reset the parser so " +"that it is ready to parse new documents. The results of calling parse or " +"feed after close without calling reset are undefined." +msgstr "" +"此方法会在调用 close 来重置解析器以便其准备好解析新的文档之后被调用。 在 close 之后未调用 reset 即调用 parse 或 feed " +"的结果是未定义的。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:232 +msgid "Locator Objects" +msgstr "Locator 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:234 +msgid "Instances of :class:`Locator` provide these methods:" +msgstr ":class:`Locator` 的实例提供了下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:239 +msgid "Return the column number where the current event begins." +msgstr "返回当前事件开始位置的列号。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:244 +msgid "Return the line number where the current event begins." +msgstr "返回当前事件开始位置的行号。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:249 +msgid "Return the public identifier for the current event." +msgstr "返回当前事件的公有标识符。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:254 +msgid "Return the system identifier for the current event." +msgstr "返回当前事件的系统标识符。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:260 +msgid "InputSource Objects" +msgstr "InputSource 对象" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:265 +msgid "Sets the public identifier of this :class:`InputSource`." +msgstr "设置该 :class:`InputSource` 的公有标识符。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:270 +msgid "Returns the public identifier of this :class:`InputSource`." +msgstr "返回此 :class:`InputSource` 的公有标识符。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:275 +msgid "Sets the system identifier of this :class:`InputSource`." +msgstr "设置此 :class:`InputSource` 的系统标识符。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:280 +msgid "Returns the system identifier of this :class:`InputSource`." +msgstr "返回此 :class:`InputSource` 的系统标识符。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:285 +msgid "Sets the character encoding of this :class:`InputSource`." +msgstr "设置此 :class:`InputSource` 的字符编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The encoding must be a string acceptable for an XML encoding declaration " +"(see section 4.3.3 of the XML recommendation)." +msgstr "编码格式必须是 XML 编码声明可接受的字符串（参见 XML 建议规范第 4.3.3 节）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:290 +msgid "" +"The encoding attribute of the :class:`InputSource` is ignored if the " +":class:`InputSource` also contains a character stream." +msgstr "" +"如果 :class:`InputSource` 还包含一个字符流则 :class:`InputSource` 的 encoding 属性会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:296 +msgid "Get the character encoding of this InputSource." +msgstr "获取此 InputSource 的字符编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:301 +msgid "Set the byte stream (a :term:`binary file`) for this input source." +msgstr "设置此输入源的字节流（为 :term:`binary file` 对象）。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:303 +msgid "" +"The SAX parser will ignore this if there is also a character stream " +"specified, but it will use a byte stream in preference to opening a URI " +"connection itself." +msgstr "如果还指定了一个字符流被则 SAX 解析器会忽略此设置，但它将优先使用字节流而不是自己打开一个 URI 连接。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:306 +msgid "" +"If the application knows the character encoding of the byte stream, it " +"should set it with the setEncoding method." +msgstr "如果应用程序知道字节流的字符编码格式，它应当使用 setEncoding 方法来设置它。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:312 +msgid "Get the byte stream for this input source." +msgstr "获取此输入源的字节流。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:314 +msgid "" +"The getEncoding method will return the character encoding for this byte " +"stream, or ``None`` if unknown." +msgstr "getEncoding 方法将返回该字节流的字符编码格式，如果未知则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:320 +msgid "Set the character stream (a :term:`text file`) for this input source." +msgstr "设置此输入源的字符流 (为 :term:`text file` 对象)。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:322 +msgid "" +"If there is a character stream specified, the SAX parser will ignore any " +"byte stream and will not attempt to open a URI connection to the system " +"identifier." +msgstr "如果指定了一个字符流，SAX 解析器将忽略任何字节流并且不会尝试打开一个指向系统标识符的 URI 连接。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:328 +msgid "Get the character stream for this input source." +msgstr "获取此输入源的字符流。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:334 +msgid "The :class:`Attributes` Interface" +msgstr ":class:`Attributes` 接口" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:336 +msgid "" +":class:`Attributes` objects implement a portion of the :term:`mapping " +"protocol `, including the methods " +":meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.copy`, :meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.get`," +" :meth:`~object.__contains__`, :meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.items`, " +":meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.keys`, and " +":meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.values`. The following methods are also " +"provided:" +msgstr "" +":class:`Attributes` 对象实现了一部分 :term:`映射协议 `，包括 " +":meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.copy`, :meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.get`," +" :meth:`~object.__contains__`, :meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.items`, " +":meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.keys` 和 " +":meth:`~collections.abc.Mapping.values` 等方法。 还提供了下列方法:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:346 +msgid "Return the number of attributes." +msgstr "返回属性的数量。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:351 +msgid "Return the names of the attributes." +msgstr "返回属性的名称。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:356 +msgid "" +"Returns the type of the attribute *name*, which is normally ``'CDATA'``." +msgstr "返回属性 *name* 的类型，通常为 ``'CDATA'``。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:361 +msgid "Return the value of attribute *name*." +msgstr "返回属性 *name* 的值。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:370 +msgid "The :class:`AttributesNS` Interface" +msgstr ":class:`AttributesNS` 接口" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:372 +msgid "" +"This interface is a subtype of the :class:`Attributes` interface (see " +"section :ref:`attributes-objects`). All methods supported by that interface" +" are also available on :class:`AttributesNS` objects." +msgstr "" +"此接口是 :class:`Attributes` 接口（参见 :ref:`attributes-objects` 章节）的一个子类型。 " +"那个接口所支持的所有方法在 :class:`AttributesNS` 对象上也都可用。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:376 +msgid "The following methods are also available:" +msgstr "下列方法也是可用的:" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:381 +msgid "Return the value for a qualified name." +msgstr "返回一个限定名称的值。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:386 +msgid "Return the ``(namespace, localname)`` pair for a qualified *name*." +msgstr "返回限定名称 *name* 的 ``(namespace, localname)`` 对。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:391 +msgid "Return the qualified name for a ``(namespace, localname)`` pair." +msgstr "返回 ``(namespace, localname)`` 对的限定名称。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.reader.rst:396 +msgid "Return the qualified names of all attributes." +msgstr "返回所有属性的限定名称。" diff --git a/library/xml.sax.utils.po b/library/xml.sax.utils.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ca8c4de3 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xml.sax.utils.po @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!xml.sax.saxutils` --- SAX Utilities" +msgstr ":mod:`!xml.sax.saxutils` --- SAX 工具集" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/saxutils.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/xml/sax/saxutils.py`" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The module :mod:`xml.sax.saxutils` contains a number of classes and " +"functions that are commonly useful when creating SAX applications, either in" +" direct use, or as base classes." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.sax.saxutils` 模块包含一些在创建 SAX 应用程序时十分有用的类和函数，它们可以被直接使用，或者是作为基类使用。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:21 +msgid "Escape ``'&'``, ``'<'``, and ``'>'`` in a string of data." +msgstr "对数据字符串中的 ``'&'``, ``'<'`` 和 ``'>'`` 进行转义。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:23 +msgid "" +"You can escape other strings of data by passing a dictionary as the optional" +" *entities* parameter. The keys and values must all be strings; each key " +"will be replaced with its corresponding value. The characters ``'&'``, " +"``'<'`` and ``'>'`` are always escaped, even if *entities* is provided." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过传入一个字典作为可选的 *entities* 形参来对其他字符串数据进行转义。 字典的键和值必须为字符串；每个键将被替换为其所对应的值。 字符" +" ``'&'``, ``'<'`` 和 ``'>'`` 总是会被转义，即使提供了 *entities*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This function should only be used to escape characters that can't be used " +"directly in XML. Do not use this function as a general string translation " +"function." +msgstr "此函数应当仅用于对无法直接在 XML 中使用的字符进行转义。 请不要将此函数用作通用的字符串转换函数。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:36 +msgid "Unescape ``'&'``, ``'<'``, and ``'>'`` in a string of data." +msgstr "对字符串数据中的 ``'&'``, ``'<'`` 和 ``'>'`` 进行反转义。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:38 +msgid "" +"You can unescape other strings of data by passing a dictionary as the " +"optional *entities* parameter. The keys and values must all be strings; " +"each key will be replaced with its corresponding value. ``'&'``, " +"``'<'``, and ``'>'`` are always unescaped, even if *entities* is " +"provided." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过传入一个字典作为可选的 *entities* 形参来对其他数据字符串进行转义。 字典的键和值必须都为字符串；每个键将被替换为所对应的值。 " +"``'&'``, ``'<'`` 和 ``'>'`` 将总是保持不被转义，即使提供了 *entities*。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Similar to :func:`escape`, but also prepares *data* to be used as an " +"attribute value. The return value is a quoted version of *data* with any " +"additional required replacements. :func:`quoteattr` will select a quote " +"character based on the content of *data*, attempting to avoid encoding any " +"quote characters in the string. If both single- and double-quote characters" +" are already in *data*, the double-quote characters will be encoded and " +"*data* will be wrapped in double-quotes. The resulting string can be used " +"directly as an attribute value::" +msgstr "" +"类似于 :func:`escape`，但还会对 *data* 进行处理以将其用作属性值。 返回值是 *data* " +"加上任何额外要求的替换的带引号版本。:func:`quoteattr` 将基于 *data* " +"的内容选择一个引号字符，以尽量避免在字符串中编码任何引号字符。 如果单双引号字符在 *data* 中都存在，则双引号字符将被编码并且 *data* " +"将使用双引号来标记。 结果字符串可被直接用作属性值::" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:55 +msgid "" +">>> print(\"\" % quoteattr(\"ab ' cd \\\" ef\"))\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> print(\"\" % quoteattr(\"ab ' cd \\\" ef\"))\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:58 +msgid "" +"This function is useful when generating attribute values for HTML or any " +"SGML using the reference concrete syntax." +msgstr "此函数适用于为 HTML 或任何使用引用实体语法的 SGML 生成属性值。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:64 +msgid "" +"This class implements the :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler` interface" +" by writing SAX events back into an XML document. In other words, using an " +":class:`XMLGenerator` as the content handler will reproduce the original " +"document being parsed. *out* should be a file-like object which will default" +" to *sys.stdout*. *encoding* is the encoding of the output stream which " +"defaults to ``'iso-8859-1'``. *short_empty_elements* controls the formatting" +" of elements that contain no content: if ``False`` (the default) they are " +"emitted as a pair of start/end tags, if set to ``True`` they are emitted as " +"a single self-closed tag." +msgstr "" +"这个类通过将 SAX 事件写回到 XML 文档来实现 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler` 接口。 " +"换句话说，使用 :class:`XMLGenerator` 作为内容处理程序将重新产生所解析的原始文档。 *out* 应当为一个文件型对象，它默认将为 " +"*sys.stdout*。 *encoding* 为输出流的编码格式，它默认将为 ``'iso-8859-1'``。 " +"*short_empty_elements* 控制不包含内容的元素的格式化：如为 ``False`` (默认值) " +"则它们会以开始/结束标记对的形式被发送，如果设为 ``True`` 则它们会以单个自结束标记的形式被发送。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:74 +msgid "Added the *short_empty_elements* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *short_empty_elements* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:80 +msgid "" +"This class is designed to sit between an " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` and the client application's event " +"handlers. By default, it does nothing but pass requests up to the reader " +"and events on to the handlers unmodified, but subclasses can override " +"specific methods to modify the event stream or the configuration requests as" +" they pass through." +msgstr "" +"这个类被设计用来分隔 :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader` 和客户端应用的事件处理程序。 " +"在默认情况下，它除了将请求传送给读取器并将事件传送给处理程序之外什么都不做，但其子类可以重载特定的方法以在传送它们的时候修改事件流或配置请求。" + +#: ../../library/xml.sax.utils.rst:90 +msgid "" +"This function takes an input source and an optional base URL and returns a " +"fully resolved :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` object ready for " +"reading. The input source can be given as a string, a file-like object, or " +"an :class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` object; parsers will use this " +"function to implement the polymorphic *source* argument to their " +":meth:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.parse` method." +msgstr "" +"此函数接受一个输入源和一个可选的基准 URL 并返回一个经过完整解析可供读取的 " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` 对象。 输入源的给出形式可以是字节串、文件型对象或 " +":class:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.InputSource` 对象；解析器将使用此函数来针对它们的 " +":meth:`~xml.sax.xmlreader.XMLReader.parse` 方法实现多态 *source* 参数。" diff --git a/library/xmlrpc.client.po b/library/xmlrpc.client.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1462abad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xmlrpc.client.po @@ -0,0 +1,1051 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kade For, 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Larry Wang , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-07 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!xmlrpc.client` --- XML-RPC client access" +msgstr ":mod:`!xmlrpc.client` --- XML-RPC 客户端访问" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/xmlrpc/client.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/xmlrpc/client.py`" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:17 +msgid "" +"XML-RPC is a Remote Procedure Call method that uses XML passed via HTTP(S) " +"as a transport. With it, a client can call methods with parameters on a " +"remote server (the server is named by a URI) and get back structured data. " +"This module supports writing XML-RPC client code; it handles all the details" +" of translating between conformable Python objects and XML on the wire." +msgstr "" +"XML-RPC 是一种远程过程调用方法，它以使用 HTTP(S) 传递的 XML 作为载体。 通过它，客户端可以在远程服务器（服务器以 URI " +"指明）上调用带参数的方法并获取结构化的数据。 本模块支持编写 XML-RPC 客户端代码；它会处理在通用 Python 对象和 XML " +"之间进行在线翻译的所有细节。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpc.client` module is not secure against maliciously " +"constructed data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data " +"see :ref:`xml-vulnerabilities`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xmlrpc.client` 模块对于恶意构建的数据是不安全的。 如果你需要解析不受信任或未经身份验证的数据，请参阅 :ref:`xml-" +"vulnerabilities`。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:32 +msgid "" +"For HTTPS URIs, :mod:`xmlrpc.client` now performs all the necessary " +"certificate and hostname checks by default." +msgstr "对于 HTTPS URI，现在 :mod:`xmlrpc.client` 默认会执行所有必要的证书和主机名检查。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:41 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ServerProxy` instance is an object that manages communication with" +" a remote XML-RPC server. The required first argument is a URI (Uniform " +"Resource Indicator), and will normally be the URL of the server. The " +"optional second argument is a transport factory instance; by default it is " +"an internal :class:`SafeTransport` instance for https: URLs and an internal " +"HTTP :class:`Transport` instance otherwise. The optional third argument is " +"an encoding, by default UTF-8. The optional fourth argument is a debugging " +"flag." +msgstr "" +":class:`ServerProxy` 实例是管理与远程 XML-RPC 服务器通信的对象。 要求的第一个参数为 URI " +"(统一资源定位符)，通常就是服务器的 URL。 可选的第二个参数为传输工厂实例；在默认情况下对于 https: URL 是一个内部 " +":class:`SafeTransport` 实例，在其他情况下则是一个内部 HTTP :class:`Transport` 实例。 " +"可选的第三个参数为编码格式，默认为 UTF-8。 可选的第四个参数为调试旗标。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The following parameters govern the use of the returned proxy instance. If " +"*allow_none* is true, the Python constant ``None`` will be translated into " +"XML; the default behaviour is for ``None`` to raise a :exc:`TypeError`. This" +" is a commonly used extension to the XML-RPC specification, but isn't " +"supported by all clients and servers; see `http://ontosys.com/xml-" +"rpc/extensions.php " +"`_ for a description. The *use_builtin_types* flag can be" +" used to cause date/time values to be presented as " +":class:`datetime.datetime` objects and binary data to be presented as " +":class:`bytes` objects; this flag is false by default. " +":class:`datetime.datetime`, :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` objects " +"may be passed to calls. The *headers* parameter is an optional sequence of " +"HTTP headers to send with each request, expressed as a sequence of 2-tuples " +"representing the header name and value. (e.g. ``[('Header-Name', " +"'value')]``). If an HTTPS URL is provided, *context* may be " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext` and configures the SSL settings of the underlying " +"HTTPS connection. The obsolete *use_datetime* flag is similar to " +"*use_builtin_types* but it applies only to date/time values." +msgstr "" +"下列形参控制所返回代理实例的使用。 如果 *allow_none* 为真值，则 Python 常量 ``None`` 将被转写至 XML；默认行为是针对" +" ``None`` 引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 这是对 XML-RPC 规格的一个常用扩展，但并不被所有客户端和服务器所支持；请参阅 " +"`http://ontosys.com/xml-rpc/extensions.php " +"`_ 了解详情。 *use_builtin_types* 旗标可被用来将日期/时间值表示为 " +":class:`datetime.datetime` 对象而将二进制数据表示为 :class:`bytes` 对象；此旗标默认为假值。 " +":class:`datetime.datetime`, :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 对象可以被传给调用操作。" +" *headers* 形参为可选的随每次请求发送的 HTTP 标头序列，其形式为包含代表标头名称和值的 2 元组序列。 (例如 ``[('Header-" +"Name', 'value')]``)。 如果提供了 HTTPS URL，则 *context* 可以为 :class:`ssl.SSLContext`" +" 并配置底层 HTTPS 连接的 SSL 设置。 已过时的 *use_datetime* 旗标与 *use_builtin_types* " +"类似但它只适用于日期/时间值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:69 ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:549 +msgid "The *use_builtin_types* flag was added." +msgstr "增加了 *use_builtin_types* 旗标。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:72 +msgid "The *headers* parameter was added." +msgstr "增加了 *headers* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Both the HTTP and HTTPS transports support the URL syntax extension for HTTP" +" Basic Authentication: ``http://user:pass@host:port/path``. The " +"``user:pass`` portion will be base64-encoded as an HTTP 'Authorization' " +"header, and sent to the remote server as part of the connection process when" +" invoking an XML-RPC method. You only need to use this if the remote server" +" requires a Basic Authentication user and password." +msgstr "" +"HTTP 和 HTTPS 传输均支持用于 HTTP 基本身份验证的 URL 语法扩展: " +"``http://user:pass@host:port/path``。 ``user:pass`` 部分将以 base64 编码为 HTTP " +"'Authorization' 标头，并在唤起 XML-RPC 方法时作为连接过程的一部分发送给远程服务器。 " +"你只需要在远程服务器要求基本身份验证用户名和密码时使用此语法。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The returned instance is a proxy object with methods that can be used to " +"invoke corresponding RPC calls on the remote server. If the remote server " +"supports the introspection API, the proxy can also be used to query the " +"remote server for the methods it supports (service discovery) and fetch " +"other server-associated metadata." +msgstr "" +"返回的实例是一个代理对象，具有可被用来在远程服务器上发起相应 RPC 调用的方法。 如果远程服务器支持内省 " +"API，则也可使用该代理对象在远程服务器上查询它所支持的方法（服务发现）并获取其他服务器相关的元数据" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:88 +msgid "" +"Types that are conformable (e.g. that can be marshalled through XML), " +"include the following (and except where noted, they are unmarshalled as the " +"same Python type):" +msgstr "" +"适用的类型（即可通过 XML 生成 marshall 对象），包括如下类型（除了已说明的例外，它们都会被反 marshall 为同样的 Python " +"类型）:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:95 +msgid "XML-RPC type" +msgstr "XML-RPC类型" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:95 +msgid "Python type" +msgstr "Python 类型" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:97 +msgid "``boolean``" +msgstr "``boolean``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:97 +msgid ":class:`bool`" +msgstr ":class:`bool`" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:99 +msgid "``int``, ``i1``, ``i2``, ``i4``, ``i8`` or ``biginteger``" +msgstr "``int``, ``i1``, ``i2``, ``i4``, ``i8`` 或者 ``biginteger``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:99 +msgid "" +":class:`int` in range from -2147483648 to 2147483647. Values get the " +"```` tag." +msgstr ":class:`int` 的范围从 -2147483648 到 2147483647。值将获得 ```` 标志。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:104 +msgid "``double`` or ``float``" +msgstr "``double`` 或 ``float``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:104 +msgid ":class:`float`. Values get the ```` tag." +msgstr ":class:`float`。值将获得 ```` 标志。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:107 +msgid "``string``" +msgstr "``string``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:107 +msgid ":class:`str`" +msgstr ":class:`str`" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:109 +msgid "``array``" +msgstr "``array``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:109 +msgid "" +":class:`list` or :class:`tuple` containing conformable elements. Arrays are" +" returned as :class:`lists `." +msgstr ":class:`list` 或 :class:`tuple` 包含整合元素。数组以 :class:`lists ` 形式返回。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:113 +msgid "``struct``" +msgstr "``struct``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:113 +msgid "" +":class:`dict`. Keys must be strings, values may be any conformable type. " +"Objects of user-defined classes can be passed in; only their " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute is transmitted." +msgstr "" +":class:`dict`。 键必须为字符串，值可以为任何适用的类型。 可以传入用户自定义类的对象；只有其 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性会被传输。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:118 +msgid "``dateTime.iso8601``" +msgstr "``dateTime.iso8601``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:118 +msgid "" +":class:`DateTime` or :class:`datetime.datetime`. Returned type depends on " +"values of *use_builtin_types* and *use_datetime* flags." +msgstr "" +":class:`DateTime` 或 :class:`datetime.datetime`。返回的类型取决于 *use_builtin_types* " +"和 *use_datetime* 标志的值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:122 +msgid "``base64``" +msgstr "``base64``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:122 +msgid "" +":class:`Binary`, :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`. Returned type " +"depends on the value of the *use_builtin_types* flag." +msgstr "" +":class:`Binary`, :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray`。返回的类型取决于 " +"*use_builtin_types* 标志的值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:126 +msgid "``nil``" +msgstr "``nil``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:126 +msgid "" +"The ``None`` constant. Passing is allowed only if *allow_none* is true." +msgstr "``None`` 常量。仅当 *allow_none* 为true时才允许传递。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:129 +msgid "``bigdecimal``" +msgstr "``bigdecimal``" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:129 +msgid ":class:`decimal.Decimal`. Returned type only." +msgstr ":class:`decimal.Decimal`. 仅返回类型。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:132 +msgid "" +"This is the full set of data types supported by XML-RPC. Method calls may " +"also raise a special :exc:`Fault` instance, used to signal XML-RPC server " +"errors, or :exc:`ProtocolError` used to signal an error in the HTTP/HTTPS " +"transport layer. Both :exc:`Fault` and :exc:`ProtocolError` derive from a " +"base class called :exc:`Error`. Note that the xmlrpc client module " +"currently does not marshal instances of subclasses of built-in types." +msgstr "" +"这是This is the full set of data types supported by XML-RPC 所支持数据类型的完整集合。 " +"方法调用也可能引发一个特殊的 :exc:`Fault` 实例，用来提示 XML-RPC 服务器错误，或是用 :exc:`ProtocolError` " +"来提示 HTTP/HTTPS 传输层中的错误。 :exc:`Fault` 和 :exc:`ProtocolError` 都派生自名为 " +":exc:`Error` 的基类。 请注意 xmlrpc client 模块目前不可 marshal 内置类型的子类的实例。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:139 +msgid "" +"When passing strings, characters special to XML such as ``<``, ``>``, and " +"``&`` will be automatically escaped. However, it's the caller's " +"responsibility to ensure that the string is free of characters that aren't " +"allowed in XML, such as the control characters with ASCII values between 0 " +"and 31 (except, of course, tab, newline and carriage return); failing to do " +"this will result in an XML-RPC request that isn't well-formed XML. If you " +"have to pass arbitrary bytes via XML-RPC, use :class:`bytes` or " +":class:`bytearray` classes or the :class:`Binary` wrapper class described " +"below." +msgstr "" +"当传入字符串时，XML 中的特殊字符如 ``<``, ``>`` 和 ``&`` 将被自动转义。 但是，调用方有责任确保字符串中没有 XML " +"中不允许的字符，例如 ASCII 值在 0 和 31 之间的控制字符（当然，制表、换行和回车除外）；不这样做将导致 XML-RPC 请求的 XML " +"格式不正确。 如果你必须通过 XML-RPC 传入任意字节数据，请使用 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` " +"类或者下文描述的 :class:`Binary` 包装器类。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:148 +msgid "" +":class:`Server` is retained as an alias for :class:`ServerProxy` for " +"backwards compatibility. New code should use :class:`ServerProxy`." +msgstr "" +":class:`Server` 被保留作为 :class:`ServerProxy` 的别名用于向下兼容。 新的代码应当使用 " +":class:`ServerProxy`。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:151 +msgid "Added the *context* argument." +msgstr "增加了 *context* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:154 +msgid "" +"Added support of type tags with prefixes (e.g. ``ex:nil``). Added support of" +" unmarshalling additional types used by Apache XML-RPC implementation for " +"numerics: ``i1``, ``i2``, ``i8``, ``biginteger``, ``float`` and " +"``bigdecimal``. See https://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/types.html for a " +"description." +msgstr "" +"增加了对带有前缀的类型标签的支持 (例如 ``ex:nil``)。 增加了对反 marshall 被 Apache XML-RPC " +"实现用于表示数值的附加类型的支持: ``i1``, ``i2``, ``i8``, ``biginteger``, ``float`` 和 " +"``bigdecimal``。 请参阅 https://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/types.html 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:164 +msgid "`XML-RPC HOWTO `_" +msgstr "`XML-RPC HOWTO `_" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:165 +msgid "" +"A good description of XML-RPC operation and client software in several " +"languages. Contains pretty much everything an XML-RPC client developer needs" +" to know." +msgstr "以多种语言对 XML-RPC 操作和客户端软件进行了很好的说明。 包含 XML-RPC 客户端开发者所需知道的几乎任何事情。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:168 +msgid "" +"`XML-RPC Introspection " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`XML-RPC Introspection " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:169 +msgid "Describes the XML-RPC protocol extension for introspection." +msgstr "描述了用于内省的 XML-RPC 协议扩展。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:171 +msgid "`XML-RPC Specification `_" +msgstr "`XML-RPC Specification `_" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:172 +msgid "The official specification." +msgstr "官方规范说明。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:177 +msgid "ServerProxy Objects" +msgstr "ServerProxy 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:179 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ServerProxy` instance has a method corresponding to each remote " +"procedure call accepted by the XML-RPC server. Calling the method performs " +"an RPC, dispatched by both name and argument signature (e.g. the same method" +" name can be overloaded with multiple argument signatures). The RPC " +"finishes by returning a value, which may be either returned data in a " +"conformant type or a :class:`Fault` or :class:`ProtocolError` object " +"indicating an error." +msgstr "" +":class:`ServerProxy` 实例有一个方法与 XML-RPC 服务器所接受的每个远程过程调用相对应。 调用该方法会执行一个 " +"RPC，通过名称和参数签名来调度（例如同一个方法名可通过多个参数签名来重载）。 RPC 结束时返回一个值，它可以是适用类型的返回数据或是表示错误的 " +":class:`Fault` 或 :class:`ProtocolError` 对象。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Servers that support the XML introspection API support some common methods " +"grouped under the reserved :attr:`~ServerProxy.system` attribute:" +msgstr "支持 XML 内省 API 的服务器还支持一些以保留的 :attr:`~ServerProxy.system` 属性分组的通用方法:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:192 +msgid "" +"This method returns a list of strings, one for each (non-system) method " +"supported by the XML-RPC server." +msgstr "此方法返回一个字符串列表，每个字符串都各自对应 XML-RPC 服务器所支持的（非系统）方法。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:198 +msgid "" +"This method takes one parameter, the name of a method implemented by the " +"XML-RPC server. It returns an array of possible signatures for this method. " +"A signature is an array of types. The first of these types is the return " +"type of the method, the rest are parameters." +msgstr "" +"此方法接受一个形参，即某个由 XML-RPC 服务器所实现的方法名称。 它返回一个由此方法可能的签名组成的数组。 一个签名就是一个类型数组。 " +"这些类型中的第一个是方法的的返回类型，其余的均为形参。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Because multiple signatures (ie. overloading) is permitted, this method " +"returns a list of signatures rather than a singleton." +msgstr "由于允许多个签名（即重载），此方法是返回一个签名列表而非一个单例。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:206 +msgid "" +"Signatures themselves are restricted to the top level parameters expected by" +" a method. For instance if a method expects one array of structs as a " +"parameter, and it returns a string, its signature is simply \"string, " +"array\". If it expects three integers and returns a string, its signature is" +" \"string, int, int, int\"." +msgstr "" +"签名本身被限制为一个方法所期望的最高层级形参。 举例来说如果一个方法期望有一个结构体数组作为形参，并返回一个字符串，则其签名就是 \"string, " +"array\"。 如果它期望有三个整数并返回一个字符串，则其签名是 \"string, int, int, int\"。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:211 +msgid "" +"If no signature is defined for the method, a non-array value is returned. In" +" Python this means that the type of the returned value will be something " +"other than list." +msgstr "如果方法没有定义任何签名，则将返回一个非数组值。 在 Python 中这意味着返回值的类型为列表以外的类型。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:218 +msgid "" +"This method takes one parameter, the name of a method implemented by the " +"XML-RPC server. It returns a documentation string describing the use of " +"that method. If no such string is available, an empty string is returned. " +"The documentation string may contain HTML markup." +msgstr "" +"此方法接受一个形参，即 XML-RPC 服务器所实现的某个方法的名称。 它返回描述相应方法用法的文档字符串。 如果没有可用的文档字符串，则返回空字符串。" +" 文档字符串可以包含 HTML 标记。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Instances of :class:`ServerProxy` support the :term:`context manager` " +"protocol for closing the underlying transport." +msgstr ":class:`ServerProxy` 的实例支持 :term:`context manager` 协议用于关闭下层传输。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:229 ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:276 +msgid "A working example follows. The server code::" +msgstr "以下是一个可运行的示例。 服务器端代码::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:231 +msgid "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"\n" +"def is_even(n):\n" +" return n % 2 == 0\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(is_even, \"is_even\")\n" +"server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"\n" +"def is_even(n):\n" +" return n % 2 == 0\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(is_even, \"is_even\")\n" +"server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:241 ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:291 +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:401 ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:507 +msgid "The client code for the preceding server::" +msgstr "前述服务器的客户端代码::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:243 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"with xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\") as proxy:\n" +" print(\"3 is even: %s\" % str(proxy.is_even(3)))\n" +" print(\"100 is even: %s\" % str(proxy.is_even(100)))" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"with xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\") as proxy:\n" +" print(\"3 is even: %s\" % str(proxy.is_even(3)))\n" +" print(\"100 is even: %s\" % str(proxy.is_even(100)))" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:252 +msgid "DateTime Objects" +msgstr "DateTime 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:256 +msgid "" +"This class may be initialized with seconds since the epoch, a time tuple, an" +" ISO 8601 time/date string, or a :class:`datetime.datetime` instance. It " +"has the following methods, supported mainly for internal use by the " +"marshalling/unmarshalling code:" +msgstr "" +"该类的初始化可以使用距离 Unix 纪元的秒数、时间元组、ISO 8601 时间/日期字符串或 :class:`datetime.datetime` " +"实例。 它具有下列方法，主要是为 marshall 和反 marshall 代码的内部使用提供支持:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:264 +msgid "Accept a string as the instance's new time value." +msgstr "接受一个字符串作为实例的新时间值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Write the XML-RPC encoding of this :class:`DateTime` item to the *out* " +"stream object." +msgstr "将此 :class:`DateTime` 条目的 XML-RPC 编码格式写入到 *out* 流对象。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:272 +msgid "" +"It also supports certain of Python's built-in operators through :meth:`rich " +"comparison ` and :meth:`~object.__repr__` methods." +msgstr "" +"它还通过 :meth:`富比较 ` 和 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 方法来支持特定的 Python " +"内置运算符。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:278 +msgid "" +"import datetime\n" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"def today():\n" +" today = datetime.datetime.today()\n" +" return xmlrpc.client.DateTime(today)\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(today, \"today\")\n" +"server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"import datetime\n" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"def today():\n" +" today = datetime.datetime.today()\n" +" return xmlrpc.client.DateTime(today)\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(today, \"today\")\n" +"server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:293 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"\n" +"today = proxy.today()\n" +"# convert the ISO8601 string to a datetime object\n" +"converted = datetime.datetime.strptime(today.value, \"%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S\")\n" +"print(\"Today: %s\" % converted.strftime(\"%d.%m.%Y, %H:%M\"))" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"\n" +"today = proxy.today()\n" +"# 将 ISO8601 字符串转换为日期时间对象\n" +"converted = datetime.datetime.strptime(today.value, \"%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S\")\n" +"print(\"Today: %s\" % converted.strftime(\"%d.%m.%Y, %H:%M\"))" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:306 +msgid "Binary Objects" +msgstr "Binary 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:310 +msgid "" +"This class may be initialized from bytes data (which may include NULs). The " +"primary access to the content of a :class:`Binary` object is provided by an " +"attribute:" +msgstr "该类的初始化可以使用字节数据（可包括 NUL）。 对 :class:`Binary` 对象的初始访问是由一个属性来提供的:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:317 +msgid "" +"The binary data encapsulated by the :class:`Binary` instance. The data is " +"provided as a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "被 :class:`Binary` 实例封装的二进制数据。 该数据以 :class:`bytes` 对象的形式提供。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:320 +msgid "" +":class:`Binary` objects have the following methods, supported mainly for " +"internal use by the marshalling/unmarshalling code:" +msgstr ":class:`Binary` 对象具有下列方法，支持这些方法主要是供 marshall 和反 marshall 代码在内部使用:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Accept a base64 :class:`bytes` object and decode it as the instance's new " +"data." +msgstr "接受一个 base64 :class:`bytes` 对象并将其解码为实例的新数据。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Write the XML-RPC base 64 encoding of this binary item to the *out* stream " +"object." +msgstr "将此二进制条目的 XML-RPC base 64 编码格式写入到 *out* 流对象。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The encoded data will have newlines every 76 characters as per :rfc:`RFC " +"2045 section 6.8 <2045#section-6.8>`, which was the de facto standard base64" +" specification when the XML-RPC spec was written." +msgstr "" +"被编码数据将依据 :rfc:`RFC 2045 第 6.8 节 <2045#section-6.8>` 每 76 个字符换行一次，这是撰写 XML-" +"RPC 规范说明时 base64 规范的事实标准。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:338 +msgid "" +"It also supports certain of Python's built-in operators through " +":meth:`~object.__eq__` and :meth:`~object.__ne__` methods." +msgstr "" +"它还通过 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 和 :meth:`~object.__ne__` 方法来支持特定的 Python 内置运算符。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Example usage of the binary objects. We're going to transfer an image over " +"XMLRPC::" +msgstr "该二进制对象的示例用法。 我们将通过 XMLRPC 来传输一张图片::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:344 +msgid "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"def python_logo():\n" +" with open(\"python_logo.jpg\", \"rb\") as handle:\n" +" return xmlrpc.client.Binary(handle.read())\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(python_logo, 'python_logo')\n" +"\n" +"server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"def python_logo():\n" +" with open(\"python_logo.jpg\", \"rb\") as handle:\n" +" return xmlrpc.client.Binary(handle.read())\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(python_logo, 'python_logo')\n" +"\n" +"server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:357 +msgid "The client gets the image and saves it to a file::" +msgstr "客户端会获取图片并将其保存为一个文件::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:359 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"with open(\"fetched_python_logo.jpg\", \"wb\") as handle:\n" +" handle.write(proxy.python_logo().data)" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"with open(\"fetched_python_logo.jpg\", \"wb\") as handle:\n" +" handle.write(proxy.python_logo().data)" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:368 +msgid "Fault Objects" +msgstr "Fault 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:372 +msgid "" +"A :class:`Fault` object encapsulates the content of an XML-RPC fault tag. " +"Fault objects have the following attributes:" +msgstr ":class:`Fault` 对象封装了 XML-RPC fault 标签的内容。 Fault 对象具有下列属性:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:378 +msgid "An int indicating the fault type." +msgstr "一个指明 fault 类型的整数。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:383 +msgid "A string containing a diagnostic message associated with the fault." +msgstr "一个包含与 fault 相关联的诊断消息的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:385 +msgid "" +"In the following example we're going to intentionally cause a :exc:`Fault` " +"by returning a complex type object. The server code::" +msgstr "在接下来的示例中我们将通过返回一个复数类型的值来故意引发一个 :exc:`Fault`。 服务器端代码::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:388 +msgid "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"\n" +"# A marshalling error is going to occur because we're returning a\n" +"# complex number\n" +"def add(x, y):\n" +" return x+y+0j\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(add, 'add')\n" +"\n" +"server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"\n" +"# 将发生 marshall 操作错误因为我们将返回一个复数\n" +"def add(x, y):\n" +" return x+y+0j\n" +"\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_function(add, 'add')\n" +"\n" +"server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:403 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"try:\n" +" proxy.add(2, 5)\n" +"except xmlrpc.client.Fault as err:\n" +" print(\"A fault occurred\")\n" +" print(\"Fault code: %d\" % err.faultCode)\n" +" print(\"Fault string: %s\" % err.faultString)" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"try:\n" +" proxy.add(2, 5)\n" +"except xmlrpc.client.Fault as err:\n" +" print(\"A fault occurred\")\n" +" print(\"Fault code: %d\" % err.faultCode)\n" +" print(\"Fault string: %s\" % err.faultString)" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:418 +msgid "ProtocolError Objects" +msgstr "ProtocolError 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:422 +msgid "" +"A :class:`ProtocolError` object describes a protocol error in the underlying" +" transport layer (such as a 404 'not found' error if the server named by the" +" URI does not exist). It has the following attributes:" +msgstr "" +":class:`ProtocolError` 对象描述了下层传输层中的协议错误（例如当 URI 所指定的服务器不存在时的 404 'not found'" +" 错误）。 它具有下列属性:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:429 +msgid "The URI or URL that triggered the error." +msgstr "触发错误的 URI 或 URL。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:434 +msgid "The error code." +msgstr "错误代码。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:439 +msgid "The error message or diagnostic string." +msgstr "错误消息或诊断字符串。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:444 +msgid "" +"A dict containing the headers of the HTTP/HTTPS request that triggered the " +"error." +msgstr "一个包含触发错误的 HTTP/HTTPS 请求的标头的字典。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:447 +msgid "" +"In the following example we're going to intentionally cause a " +":exc:`ProtocolError` by providing an invalid URI::" +msgstr "在接下来的示例中我们将通过提供一个无效的 URI 来故意引发一个 :exc:`ProtocolError`::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:450 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"# create a ServerProxy with a URI that doesn't respond to XMLRPC requests\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://google.com/\")\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" proxy.some_method()\n" +"except xmlrpc.client.ProtocolError as err:\n" +" print(\"A protocol error occurred\")\n" +" print(\"URL: %s\" % err.url)\n" +" print(\"HTTP/HTTPS headers: %s\" % err.headers)\n" +" print(\"Error code: %d\" % err.errcode)\n" +" print(\"Error message: %s\" % err.errmsg)" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个 ServerProxy，所用 URI 不与 XMLRPC 请求对应\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://google.com/\")\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" proxy.some_method()\n" +"except xmlrpc.client.ProtocolError as err:\n" +" print(\"A protocol error occurred\")\n" +" print(\"URL: %s\" % err.url)\n" +" print(\"HTTP/HTTPS headers: %s\" % err.headers)\n" +" print(\"Error code: %d\" % err.errcode)\n" +" print(\"Error message: %s\" % err.errmsg)" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:465 +msgid "MultiCall Objects" +msgstr "MultiCall 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:467 +msgid "" +"The :class:`MultiCall` object provides a way to encapsulate multiple calls " +"to a remote server into a single request [#]_." +msgstr ":class:`MultiCall` 对象提供了一种将对远程服务器的多个调用封装为一个单独请求的方式 [#]_。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:473 +msgid "" +"Create an object used to boxcar method calls. *server* is the eventual " +"target of the call. Calls can be made to the result object, but they will " +"immediately return ``None``, and only store the call name and parameters in " +"the :class:`MultiCall` object. Calling the object itself causes all stored " +"calls to be transmitted as a single ``system.multicall`` request. The result" +" of this call is a :term:`generator`; iterating over this generator yields " +"the individual results." +msgstr "" +"创建一个用于盒式方法调用的对象。 *server* 是调用的最终目标。 可以针对结果对象被唤起，但它们将立即返回 ``None``，并只在 " +":class:`MultiCall` 对象中存储调用名称和形参。 调用该对象本身会导致所有已存储的调用作为一个单独的 " +"``system.multicall`` 请求被发送。 此调用的结果是一个 :term:`generator`；迭代这个生成器会产生各个结果。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:481 +msgid "A usage example of this class follows. The server code::" +msgstr "以下是该类的用法示例。 服务器端代码::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:483 +msgid "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"\n" +"def add(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +"def subtract(x, y):\n" +" return x - y\n" +"\n" +"def multiply(x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +"def divide(x, y):\n" +" return x // y\n" +"\n" +"# A simple server with simple arithmetic functions\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_multicall_functions()\n" +"server.register_function(add, 'add')\n" +"server.register_function(subtract, 'subtract')\n" +"server.register_function(multiply, 'multiply')\n" +"server.register_function(divide, 'divide')\n" +"server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"\n" +"def add(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +"def subtract(x, y):\n" +" return x - y\n" +"\n" +"def multiply(x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +"def divide(x, y):\n" +" return x // y\n" +"\n" +"# 一个带有简单算术函数的简单服务器\n" +"server = SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000))\n" +"print(\"Listening on port 8000...\")\n" +"server.register_multicall_functions()\n" +"server.register_function(add, 'add')\n" +"server.register_function(subtract, 'subtract')\n" +"server.register_function(multiply, 'multiply')\n" +"server.register_function(divide, 'divide')\n" +"server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:509 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"multicall = xmlrpc.client.MultiCall(proxy)\n" +"multicall.add(7, 3)\n" +"multicall.subtract(7, 3)\n" +"multicall.multiply(7, 3)\n" +"multicall.divide(7, 3)\n" +"result = multicall()\n" +"\n" +"print(\"7+3=%d, 7-3=%d, 7*3=%d, 7//3=%d\" % tuple(result))" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000/\")\n" +"multicall = xmlrpc.client.MultiCall(proxy)\n" +"multicall.add(7, 3)\n" +"multicall.subtract(7, 3)\n" +"multicall.multiply(7, 3)\n" +"multicall.divide(7, 3)\n" +"result = multicall()\n" +"\n" +"print(\"7+3=%d, 7-3=%d, 7*3=%d, 7//3=%d\" % tuple(result))" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:523 +msgid "Convenience Functions" +msgstr "便捷函数" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:527 +msgid "" +"Convert *params* into an XML-RPC request. or into a response if " +"*methodresponse* is true. *params* can be either a tuple of arguments or an " +"instance of the :exc:`Fault` exception class. If *methodresponse* is true, " +"only a single value can be returned, meaning that *params* must be of length" +" 1. *encoding*, if supplied, is the encoding to use in the generated XML; " +"the default is UTF-8. Python's :const:`None` value cannot be used in " +"standard XML-RPC; to allow using it via an extension, provide a true value " +"for *allow_none*." +msgstr "" +"请 *params* 转换为一个 XML-RPC 请求。 或者当 *methodresponse* 为真值时则转换为一个请求。 *params* " +"可以是一个参数元组或是一个 :exc:`Fault` 异常类的实例。 如果 *methodresponse* 为真值，只有单独的值可以被返回，这意味着 " +"*params* 的长度必须为 1。 如果提供了 *encoding*，则在生成的 XML 会使用该编码格式；默认的编码格式为 UTF-8。 " +"Python 的 :const:`None` 值不可在标准 XML-RPC 中使用；要通过扩展来允许使用它，请为 *allow_none* " +"提供一个真值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Convert an XML-RPC request or response into Python objects, a ``(params, " +"methodname)``. *params* is a tuple of argument; *methodname* is a string, " +"or ``None`` if no method name is present in the packet. If the XML-RPC " +"packet represents a fault condition, this function will raise a :exc:`Fault`" +" exception. The *use_builtin_types* flag can be used to cause date/time " +"values to be presented as :class:`datetime.datetime` objects and binary data" +" to be presented as :class:`bytes` objects; this flag is false by default." +msgstr "" +"将一个 XML-RPC 请求或响应转换为 Python 对象 ``(params, methodname)``。 *params* " +"是一个参数元组；*methodname* 是一个字符串，或者如果数据包没有提供方法名则为 ``None``。 如果 XML-RPC " +"数据包是代表一个故障条件，则此函数将引发一个 :exc:`Fault` 异常。 *use_builtin_types* 旗标可被用于将日期/时间值表示为" +" :class:`datetime.datetime` 对象并将二进制数据表示为 :class:`bytes` 对象；此旗标默认为假值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:546 +msgid "" +"The obsolete *use_datetime* flag is similar to *use_builtin_types* but it " +"applies only to date/time values." +msgstr "已过时的 *use_datetime* 旗标与 *use_builtin_types* 类似但只作用于日期/时间值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:556 +msgid "Example of Client Usage" +msgstr "客户端用法的示例" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:560 +msgid "" +"# simple test program (from the XML-RPC specification)\n" +"from xmlrpc.client import ServerProxy, Error\n" +"\n" +"# server = ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000\") # local server\n" +"with ServerProxy(\"http://betty.userland.com\") as proxy:\n" +"\n" +" print(proxy)\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" print(proxy.examples.getStateName(41))\n" +" except Error as v:\n" +" print(\"ERROR\", v)" +msgstr "" +"# 简单的测试程序（来自 XML-RPC 规范说明）\n" +"from xmlrpc.client import ServerProxy, Error\n" +"\n" +"# server = ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000\") # 本地服务器\n" +"with ServerProxy(\"http://betty.userland.com\") as proxy:\n" +"\n" +" print(proxy)\n" +"\n" +" try:\n" +" print(proxy.examples.getStateName(41))\n" +" except Error as v:\n" +" print(\"ERROR\", v)" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:573 +msgid "" +"To access an XML-RPC server through a HTTP proxy, you need to define a " +"custom transport. The following example shows how::" +msgstr "要通过 HTTP 代理访问一个 XML-RPC 服务器，你必须自行定义一个传输。 下面的例子演示了具体做法::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:576 +msgid "" +"import http.client\n" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"class ProxiedTransport(xmlrpc.client.Transport):\n" +"\n" +" def set_proxy(self, host, port=None, headers=None):\n" +" self.proxy = host, port\n" +" self.proxy_headers = headers\n" +"\n" +" def make_connection(self, host):\n" +" connection = http.client.HTTPConnection(*self.proxy)\n" +" connection.set_tunnel(host, headers=self.proxy_headers)\n" +" self._connection = host, connection\n" +" return connection\n" +"\n" +"transport = ProxiedTransport()\n" +"transport.set_proxy('proxy-server', 8080)\n" +"server = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://betty.userland.com', transport=transport)\n" +"print(server.examples.getStateName(41))" +msgstr "" +"import http.client\n" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"class ProxiedTransport(xmlrpc.client.Transport):\n" +"\n" +" def set_proxy(self, host, port=None, headers=None):\n" +" self.proxy = host, port\n" +" self.proxy_headers = headers\n" +"\n" +" def make_connection(self, host):\n" +" connection = http.client.HTTPConnection(*self.proxy)\n" +" connection.set_tunnel(host, headers=self.proxy_headers)\n" +" self._connection = host, connection\n" +" return connection\n" +"\n" +"transport = ProxiedTransport()\n" +"transport.set_proxy('proxy-server', 8080)\n" +"server = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://betty.userland.com', transport=transport)\n" +"print(server.examples.getStateName(41))" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:598 +msgid "Example of Client and Server Usage" +msgstr "客户端与服务器用法的示例" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:600 +msgid "See :ref:`simplexmlrpcserver-example`." +msgstr "参见 :ref:`simplexmlrpcserver-example`。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:604 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.client.rst:605 +msgid "" +"This approach has been first presented in `a discussion on xmlrpc.com " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"此做法被首次提及是在 `a discussion on xmlrpc.com " +"`_。" diff --git a/library/xmlrpc.po b/library/xmlrpc.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f714c8917 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xmlrpc.po @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!xmlrpc` --- XMLRPC server and client modules" +msgstr ":mod:`!xmlrpc` --- XMLRPC 服务端与客户端模块" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.rst:4 +msgid "" +"XML-RPC is a Remote Procedure Call method that uses XML passed via HTTP as a" +" transport. With it, a client can call methods with parameters on a remote " +"server (the server is named by a URI) and get back structured data." +msgstr "" +"XML-RPC 是一种远程过程调用方法，它使用通过 HTTP 传递的 XML 作为载体。 有了它，客户端可以在远程服务器上调用带参数的方法（服务器以 " +"URI 命名）并获取结构化的数据。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.rst:8 +msgid "" +"``xmlrpc`` is a package that collects server and client modules implementing" +" XML-RPC. The modules are:" +msgstr "``xmlrpc`` 是一个集合了 XML-RPC 服务端与客户端实现模块的包。 这些模块是:" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`xmlrpc.client`" +msgstr ":mod:`xmlrpc.client`" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`xmlrpc.server`" +msgstr ":mod:`xmlrpc.server`" diff --git a/library/xmlrpc.server.po b/library/xmlrpc.server.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5168da8e --- /dev/null +++ b/library/xmlrpc.server.po @@ -0,0 +1,678 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!xmlrpc.server` --- Basic XML-RPC servers" +msgstr ":mod:`!xmlrpc.server` --- 基本 XML-RPC 服务器" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/xmlrpc/server.py`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/xmlrpc/server.py`" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpc.server` module provides a basic server framework for XML-" +"RPC servers written in Python. Servers can either be free standing, using " +":class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer`, or embedded in a CGI environment, using " +":class:`CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xmlrpc.server` 模块为以 Python 编写 XML-RPC 服务器提供了一个基本服务器框架。 服务器可以是独立的，使用 " +":class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer`，或是嵌入某个 CGI 环境中，使用 " +":class:`CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler`。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:22 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpc.server` module is not secure against maliciously " +"constructed data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data " +"see :ref:`xml-vulnerabilities`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xmlrpc.server` 模块对于恶意构建的数据是不安全的。 如果你需要解析不受信任或未经身份验证的数据，请参阅 :ref:`xml-" +"vulnerabilities`。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Create a new server instance. This class provides methods for registration " +"of functions that can be called by the XML-RPC protocol. The " +"*requestHandler* parameter should be a factory for request handler " +"instances; it defaults to :class:`SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler`. The *addr* " +"and *requestHandler* parameters are passed to the " +":class:`socketserver.TCPServer` constructor. If *logRequests* is true (the " +"default), requests will be logged; setting this parameter to false will turn" +" off logging. The *allow_none* and *encoding* parameters are passed on to " +":mod:`xmlrpc.client` and control the XML-RPC responses that will be returned" +" from the server. The *bind_and_activate* parameter controls whether " +":meth:`server_bind` and :meth:`server_activate` are called immediately by " +"the constructor; it defaults to true. Setting it to false allows code to " +"manipulate the *allow_reuse_address* class variable before the address is " +"bound. The *use_builtin_types* parameter is passed to the " +":func:`~xmlrpc.client.loads` function and controls which types are processed" +" when date/times values or binary data are received; it defaults to false." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的服务器实例。 这个类提供了一些用来注册可以被 XML-RPC 协议所调用的函数的方法。 *requestHandler* " +"形参应该是一个用于请求处理器实例的工厂函数；它默认为 :class:`SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler`。 *addr* 和 " +"*requestHandler* 形参会被传给 :class:`socketserver.TCPServer` 构造器。 如果 " +"*logRequests* 为真值（默认），请求将被记录到日志；将此形参设为假值将关闭日志记录。 *allow_none* 和 *encoding* " +"形参会被传给 :mod:`xmlrpc.client` 并控制将从服务器返回的 XML-RPC 响应。 *bind_and_activate* 形参控制" +" :meth:`server_bind` 和 :meth:`server_activate` 是否会被构造器立即调用；它默认为真值。 " +"将其设为假值将允许代码在地址被绑定之前操作 *allow_reuse_address* 类变量。 *use_builtin_types* 形参会被传给 " +":func:`~xmlrpc.client.loads` 函数并控制当收到日期/时间值或二进制数据时将处理哪些类型；它默认为假值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:48 ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:62 +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:374 +msgid "The *use_builtin_types* flag was added." +msgstr "增加了 *use_builtin_types* 旗标。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Create a new instance to handle XML-RPC requests in a CGI environment. The " +"*allow_none* and *encoding* parameters are passed on to :mod:`xmlrpc.client`" +" and control the XML-RPC responses that will be returned from the server. " +"The *use_builtin_types* parameter is passed to the " +":func:`~xmlrpc.client.loads` function and controls which types are processed" +" when date/times values or binary data are received; it defaults to false." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的实例来处理 CGI 环境中的 XML-RPC 请求。 *allow_none* 和 *encoding* 形参会被传递给 " +":mod:`xmlrpc.client` 并控制将要从服务器返回的 XML-RPC 响应。 *use_builtin_types* 形参会被传递给 " +":func:`~xmlrpc.client.loads` 函数并控制当接收到日期/时间值或二进制数据时要处理哪种类型；该形参默认为假值。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:68 +msgid "" +"Create a new request handler instance. This request handler supports " +"``POST`` requests and modifies logging so that the *logRequests* parameter " +"to the :class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` constructor parameter is honored." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的请求处理器实例。 该请求处理器支持 ``POST`` 请求并会修改日志记录操作以便使用传递给 " +":class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` 构造器形参的 *logRequests* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:76 +msgid "SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects" +msgstr "SimpleXMLRPCServer 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:78 +msgid "" +"The :class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` class is based on " +":class:`socketserver.TCPServer` and provides a means of creating simple, " +"stand alone XML-RPC servers." +msgstr "" +":class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` 类是基于 :class:`socketserver.TCPServer` " +"并提供了一个创建简单、独立的 XML-RPC 服务器的方式。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:85 ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Register a function that can respond to XML-RPC requests. If *name* is " +"given, it will be the method name associated with *function*, otherwise " +":attr:`function.__name__` will be used. *name* is a string, and may contain" +" characters not legal in Python identifiers, including the period character." +msgstr "" +"注册一个可以响应 XML-RPC 请求的函数。 如果给出了 *name*，它将成为与 *function* 相关联的方法名，否则将使用 " +":attr:`function.__name__`。 *name* 是一个字符串，并可能包含不能用于 Python 标识符的字符，包括句点符等。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:90 ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:304 +msgid "" +"This method can also be used as a decorator. When used as a decorator, " +"*name* can only be given as a keyword argument to register *function* under " +"*name*. If no *name* is given, :attr:`function.__name__` will be used." +msgstr "" +"此方法也可用作装饰器。 当被用作装饰器时，*name* 只能被指定为以 *name* 注册的 *function* 的一个关键字参数。 如果没有指定 " +"*name*，则将使用 :attr:`function.__name__`。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:94 ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:308 +msgid ":meth:`register_function` can be used as a decorator." +msgstr ":meth:`register_function` 可被用作装饰器。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:100 +msgid "" +"Register an object which is used to expose method names which have not been " +"registered using :meth:`register_function`. If *instance* contains a " +":meth:`_dispatch` method, it is called with the requested method name and " +"the parameters from the request. Its API is ``def _dispatch(self, method, " +"params)`` (note that *params* does not represent a variable argument list)." +" If it calls an underlying function to perform its task, that function is " +"called as ``func(*params)``, expanding the parameter list. The return value " +"from :meth:`_dispatch` is returned to the client as the result. If " +"*instance* does not have a :meth:`_dispatch` method, it is searched for an " +"attribute matching the name of the requested method." +msgstr "" +"注册一个被用来公开未使用 :meth:`register_function` 注册的方法名的对象。 如果 *instance* 包含 " +":meth:`_dispatch` 方法，它将被调用并附带被请求的方法名和来自请求的形参。 它的 API 是 ``def _dispatch(self," +" method, params)`` (请注意 *params* 并不表示变量参数列表)。 如果它调用了一个下层函数来执行任务，该函数将以 " +"``func(*params)`` 的形式被调用，即扩展了形参列表。 来自 :meth:`_dispatch` 的返回值将作为结果被返回给客户端。 如果" +" *instance* 不包含 :meth:`_dispatch` 方法，则会在其中搜索与被请求的方法名相匹配的属性。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:111 +msgid "" +"If the optional *allow_dotted_names* argument is true and the instance does " +"not have a :meth:`_dispatch` method, then if the requested method name " +"contains periods, each component of the method name is searched for " +"individually, with the effect that a simple hierarchical search is " +"performed. The value found from this search is then called with the " +"parameters from the request, and the return value is passed back to the " +"client." +msgstr "" +"如果可选的 *allow_dotted_names* 参数为真值且该实例没有 :meth:`_dispatch` " +"方法，则如果被请求的方法名包含句点符，会单独搜索该方法名的每个组成部分，其效果就是执行了简单的分层级搜索。 " +"通过搜索找到的值将随即附带来自请求的形参被调用，并且返回值会被回传给客户端。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Enabling the *allow_dotted_names* option allows intruders to access your " +"module's global variables and may allow intruders to execute arbitrary code " +"on your machine. Only use this option on a secure, closed network." +msgstr "" +"启用 *allow_dotted_names* 选项将允许入侵者访问你的模块的全局变量并可能允许入侵者在你的机器上执行任意代码。 " +"仅可在安全、封闭的网络中使用此选项。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Registers the XML-RPC introspection functions ``system.listMethods``, " +"``system.methodHelp`` and ``system.methodSignature``." +msgstr "" +"注册 XML-RPC 内省函数 ``system.listMethods``, ``system.methodHelp`` 和 " +"``system.methodSignature``。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:133 +msgid "Registers the XML-RPC multicall function system.multicall." +msgstr "注册 XML-RPC 多调用函数 system.multicall。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:138 +msgid "" +"An attribute value that must be a tuple listing valid path portions of the " +"URL for receiving XML-RPC requests. Requests posted to other paths will " +"result in a 404 \"no such page\" HTTP error. If this tuple is empty, all " +"paths will be considered valid. The default value is ``('/', '/RPC2')``." +msgstr "" +"一个必须为元组类型的属性值，其中列出所接收 XML-RPC 请求的有效路径部分。 发送到其他路径的请求将导致 404 \"no such page\" " +"HTTP 错误。 如果此元组为空，则所有路径都将被视为有效。 默认值为 ``('/', '/RPC2')``。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:147 +msgid "SimpleXMLRPCServer Example" +msgstr "SimpleXMLRPCServer 示例" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:148 +msgid "Server code::" +msgstr "服务器端代码::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:150 +msgid "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler\n" +"\n" +"# Restrict to a particular path.\n" +"class RequestHandler(SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler):\n" +" rpc_paths = ('/RPC2',)\n" +"\n" +"# Create server\n" +"with SimpleXMLRPCServer(('localhost', 8000),\n" +" requestHandler=RequestHandler) as server:\n" +" server.register_introspection_functions()\n" +"\n" +" # Register pow() function; this will use the value of\n" +" # pow.__name__ as the name, which is just 'pow'.\n" +" server.register_function(pow)\n" +"\n" +" # Register a function under a different name\n" +" def adder_function(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +" server.register_function(adder_function, 'add')\n" +"\n" +" # Register an instance; all the methods of the instance are\n" +" # published as XML-RPC methods (in this case, just 'mul').\n" +" class MyFuncs:\n" +" def mul(self, x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +" server.register_instance(MyFuncs())\n" +"\n" +" # Run the server's main loop\n" +" server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler\n" +"\n" +"# 限制为特定的路径。\n" +"class RequestHandler(SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler):\n" +" rpc_paths = ('/RPC2',)\n" +"\n" +"# 创建服务器\n" +"with SimpleXMLRPCServer(('localhost', 8000),\n" +" requestHandler=RequestHandler) as server:\n" +" server.register_introspection_functions()\n" +"\n" +" # 注册 pow() 函数；这将使用 pow.__name__ 的值\n" +" # 作为名称，即 'pow'。\n" +" server.register_function(pow)\n" +"\n" +" # 以不同的名称注册一个函数\n" +" def adder_function(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +" server.register_function(adder_function, 'add')\n" +"\n" +" # 注册一个实例；该实例的所有方法将发布为\n" +" # XML-RPC 方法 (在本例中，即为 'mul')。\n" +" class MyFuncs:\n" +" def mul(self, x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +" server.register_instance(MyFuncs())\n" +"\n" +" # 运行服务器的主循环\n" +" server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:182 +msgid "" +"The following client code will call the methods made available by the " +"preceding server::" +msgstr "以下客户端代码将调用上述服务器所提供的方法::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:185 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"s = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:8000')\n" +"print(s.pow(2,3)) # Returns 2**3 = 8\n" +"print(s.add(2,3)) # Returns 5\n" +"print(s.mul(5,2)) # Returns 5*2 = 10\n" +"\n" +"# Print list of available methods\n" +"print(s.system.listMethods())" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpc.client\n" +"\n" +"s = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:8000')\n" +"print(s.pow(2,3)) # 返回 2**3 = 8\n" +"print(s.add(2,3)) # 返回 5\n" +"print(s.mul(5,2)) # 返回 5*2 = 10\n" +"\n" +"# 打印可用方法的列表\n" +"print(s.system.listMethods())" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:195 +msgid "" +":meth:`register_function` can also be used as a decorator. The previous " +"server example can register functions in a decorator way::" +msgstr ":meth:`register_function` 也可被用作装饰器。 上述服务器端示例可以通过装饰器方式来注册函数::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:198 +msgid "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler\n" +"\n" +"class RequestHandler(SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler):\n" +" rpc_paths = ('/RPC2',)\n" +"\n" +"with SimpleXMLRPCServer(('localhost', 8000),\n" +" requestHandler=RequestHandler) as server:\n" +" server.register_introspection_functions()\n" +"\n" +" # Register pow() function; this will use the value of\n" +" # pow.__name__ as the name, which is just 'pow'.\n" +" server.register_function(pow)\n" +"\n" +" # Register a function under a different name, using\n" +" # register_function as a decorator. *name* can only be given\n" +" # as a keyword argument.\n" +" @server.register_function(name='add')\n" +" def adder_function(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +" # Register a function under function.__name__.\n" +" @server.register_function\n" +" def mul(x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +" server.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n" +"from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler\n" +"\n" +"class RequestHandler(SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler):\n" +" rpc_paths = ('/RPC2',)\n" +"\n" +"with SimpleXMLRPCServer(('localhost', 8000),\n" +" requestHandler=RequestHandler) as server:\n" +" server.register_introspection_functions()\n" +"\n" +" # 注册 pow() 函数；这将使用 pow.__name__ 的值\n" +" # 作为名称，该值即为 'pow'.\n" +" server.register_function(pow)\n" +"\n" +" # 以不同的名称注册一个函数，\n" +" # 使用 register_function 作为装饰器。\n" +" # *name* 只能作为关键字参数给出。\n" +" @server.register_function(name='add')\n" +" def adder_function(x, y):\n" +" return x + y\n" +"\n" +" # 以 function.__name__ 为名称注册一个函数。\n" +" @server.register_function\n" +" def mul(x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +" server.serve_forever()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:226 +msgid "" +"The following example included in the :file:`Lib/xmlrpc/server.py` module " +"shows a server allowing dotted names and registering a multicall function." +msgstr "以下包括在 :file:`Lib/xmlrpc/server.py` 模块中的例子演示了一个允许带点号名称并注册有多调用函数的服务器。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Enabling the *allow_dotted_names* option allows intruders to access your " +"module's global variables and may allow intruders to execute arbitrary code " +"on your machine. Only use this example only within a secure, closed " +"network." +msgstr "" +"启用 *allow_dotted_names* 选项将允许入侵者访问你的模块的全局变量并可能允许入侵者在你的机器上执行任意代码。 " +"仅可在安全、封闭的网络中使用此示例。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:237 +msgid "" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"class ExampleService:\n" +" def getData(self):\n" +" return '42'\n" +"\n" +" class currentTime:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def getCurrentTime():\n" +" return datetime.datetime.now()\n" +"\n" +"with SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000)) as server:\n" +" server.register_function(pow)\n" +" server.register_function(lambda x,y: x+y, 'add')\n" +" server.register_instance(ExampleService(), allow_dotted_names=True)\n" +" server.register_multicall_functions()\n" +" print('Serving XML-RPC on localhost port 8000')\n" +" try:\n" +" server.serve_forever()\n" +" except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" print(\"\\nKeyboard interrupt received, exiting.\")\n" +" sys.exit(0)" +msgstr "" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"class ExampleService:\n" +" def getData(self):\n" +" return '42'\n" +"\n" +" class currentTime:\n" +" @staticmethod\n" +" def getCurrentTime():\n" +" return datetime.datetime.now()\n" +"\n" +"with SimpleXMLRPCServer((\"localhost\", 8000)) as server:\n" +" server.register_function(pow)\n" +" server.register_function(lambda x,y: x+y, 'add')\n" +" server.register_instance(ExampleService(), allow_dotted_names=True)\n" +" server.register_multicall_functions()\n" +" print('Serving XML-RPC on localhost port 8000')\n" +" try:\n" +" server.serve_forever()\n" +" except KeyboardInterrupt:\n" +" print(\"\\nKeyboard interrupt received, exiting.\")\n" +" sys.exit(0)" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:260 +msgid "This ExampleService demo can be invoked from the command line::" +msgstr "这个 ExampleService 演示程序可通过命令行来唤起::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:262 +msgid "python -m xmlrpc.server" +msgstr "python -m xmlrpc.server" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:265 +msgid "" +"The client that interacts with the above server is included in " +"``Lib/xmlrpc/client.py``::" +msgstr "可与上述服务器进行交互的客户端包括在 ``Lib/xmlrpc/client.py`` 中::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:268 +msgid "" +"server = ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000\")\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" print(server.currentTime.getCurrentTime())\n" +"except Error as v:\n" +" print(\"ERROR\", v)\n" +"\n" +"multi = MultiCall(server)\n" +"multi.getData()\n" +"multi.pow(2,9)\n" +"multi.add(1,2)\n" +"try:\n" +" for response in multi():\n" +" print(response)\n" +"except Error as v:\n" +" print(\"ERROR\", v)" +msgstr "" +"server = ServerProxy(\"http://localhost:8000\")\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" print(server.currentTime.getCurrentTime())\n" +"except Error as v:\n" +" print(\"ERROR\", v)\n" +"\n" +"multi = MultiCall(server)\n" +"multi.getData()\n" +"multi.pow(2,9)\n" +"multi.add(1,2)\n" +"try:\n" +" for response in multi():\n" +" print(response)\n" +"except Error as v:\n" +" print(\"ERROR\", v)" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:285 +msgid "" +"This client which interacts with the demo XMLRPC server can be invoked as::" +msgstr "这个可与示例 XMLRPC 服务器进行交互的客户端的启动方式如下::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:287 +msgid "python -m xmlrpc.client" +msgstr "python -m xmlrpc.client" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:291 +msgid "CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler" +msgstr "CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:293 +msgid "" +"The :class:`CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler` class can be used to handle XML-RPC " +"requests sent to Python CGI scripts." +msgstr "" +":class:`CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler` 类可被用来处理发送给 Python CGI 脚本的 XML-RPC 请求。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:314 +msgid "" +"Register an object which is used to expose method names which have not been" +" registered using :meth:`register_function`. If instance contains a " +":meth:`_dispatch` method, it is called with the requested method name and " +"the parameters from the request; the return value is returned to the client" +" as the result. If instance does not have a :meth:`_dispatch` method, it is " +"searched for an attribute matching the name of the requested method; if the" +" requested method name contains periods, each component of the method name " +"is searched for individually, with the effect that a simple hierarchical " +"search is performed. The value found from this search is then called with " +"the parameters from the request, and the return value is passed back to " +"the client." +msgstr "" +"注册一个对象用来公开未使用 :meth:`register_function` 进行注册的方法名。 如果实例包含 :meth:`_dispatch` " +"方法，它会附带所请求的方法名和来自请求的形参被调用；返回值会作为结果被返回给客户端。 如果实例不包含 :meth:`_dispatch` " +"方法，则在其中搜索与所请求方法名相匹配的属性；如果所请求方法名包含句点，则会分别搜索方法名的每个部分，其效果就是执行了简单的层级搜索。 " +"搜索找到的值将附带来自请求的形参被调用，其返回值会被返回给客户端。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:328 +msgid "" +"Register the XML-RPC introspection functions ``system.listMethods``, " +"``system.methodHelp`` and ``system.methodSignature``." +msgstr "" +"注册 XML-RPC 内海函数 ``system.listMethods``, ``system.methodHelp`` 和 " +"``system.methodSignature``。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:334 +msgid "Register the XML-RPC multicall function ``system.multicall``." +msgstr "注册 XML-RPC 多调用函数 ``system.multicall``。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Handle an XML-RPC request. If *request_text* is given, it should be the POST" +" data provided by the HTTP server, otherwise the contents of stdin will be " +"used." +msgstr "" +"处理一个 XML-RPC 请求。 如果给出了 *request_text*，它应当是 HTTP 服务器所提供的 POST 数据，否则将使用 stdin " +"的内容。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:342 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:344 +msgid "" +"class MyFuncs:\n" +" def mul(self, x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"handler = CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler()\n" +"handler.register_function(pow)\n" +"handler.register_function(lambda x,y: x+y, 'add')\n" +"handler.register_introspection_functions()\n" +"handler.register_instance(MyFuncs())\n" +"handler.handle_request()" +msgstr "" +"class MyFuncs:\n" +" def mul(self, x, y):\n" +" return x * y\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"handler = CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler()\n" +"handler.register_function(pow)\n" +"handler.register_function(lambda x,y: x+y, 'add')\n" +"handler.register_introspection_functions()\n" +"handler.register_instance(MyFuncs())\n" +"handler.handle_request()" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:358 +msgid "Documenting XMLRPC server" +msgstr "文档 XMLRPC 服务器" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:360 +msgid "" +"These classes extend the above classes to serve HTML documentation in " +"response to HTTP GET requests. Servers can either be free standing, using " +":class:`DocXMLRPCServer`, or embedded in a CGI environment, using " +":class:`DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler`." +msgstr "" +"这些类扩展了上面的类以发布响应 HTTP GET 请求的 HTML 文档。 服务器可以是独立的，使用 " +":class:`DocXMLRPCServer`，或是嵌入某个 CGI 环境中，使用 " +":class:`DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler`。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Create a new server instance. All parameters have the same meaning as for " +":class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer`; *requestHandler* defaults to " +":class:`DocXMLRPCRequestHandler`." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的服务器实例。 所有形参的含义与 :class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` 的相同；*requestHandler* 默认为 " +":class:`DocXMLRPCRequestHandler`。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:380 +msgid "Create a new instance to handle XML-RPC requests in a CGI environment." +msgstr "创建一个新的实例来处理 CGI 环境中的 XML-RPC 请求。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:385 +msgid "" +"Create a new request handler instance. This request handler supports XML-RPC" +" POST requests, documentation GET requests, and modifies logging so that the" +" *logRequests* parameter to the :class:`DocXMLRPCServer` constructor " +"parameter is honored." +msgstr "" +"创建一个新的请求处理器实例。 该请求处理器支持 XML-RPC POST 请求、文档 GET 请求并会修改日志记录操作以便使用传递给 " +":class:`DocXMLRPCServer` 构造器形参的 *logRequests* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:394 +msgid "DocXMLRPCServer Objects" +msgstr "DocXMLRPCServer 对象" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:396 +msgid "" +"The :class:`DocXMLRPCServer` class is derived from " +":class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` and provides a means of creating self-" +"documenting, stand alone XML-RPC servers. HTTP POST requests are handled as " +"XML-RPC method calls. HTTP GET requests are handled by generating pydoc-" +"style HTML documentation. This allows a server to provide its own web-based " +"documentation." +msgstr "" +":class:`DocXMLRPCServer` 类派生自 :class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` " +"并提供了一种创建自动记录文档的、独立的 XML-RPC 服务器的方式。 HTTP POST 请求将作为 XML-RPC 方法调用来处理。 HTTP " +"GET 请求将通过生成 pydoc 风格的 HTML 文档来处理。 这将允许服务器自己提供基于 Web 的文档。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:405 ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:433 +msgid "" +"Set the title used in the generated HTML documentation. This title will be " +"used inside the HTML \"title\" element." +msgstr "设置所生成 HTML 文档要使用的标题。 此标题将在 HTML \"title\" 元素中使用。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:411 ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Set the name used in the generated HTML documentation. This name will appear" +" at the top of the generated documentation inside a \"h1\" element." +msgstr "设置所生成 HTML 文档要使用的名称。 此名称将出现在所生成文档顶部的 \"h1\" 元素中。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:417 ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:445 +msgid "" +"Set the description used in the generated HTML documentation. This " +"description will appear as a paragraph, below the server name, in the " +"documentation." +msgstr "" +"设置所生成Set the description used in the generated HTML 文档要使用的描述。 " +"此描述将显示为文档中的一个段落，位于服务器名称之下。" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:422 +msgid "DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler" +msgstr "DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler" + +#: ../../library/xmlrpc.server.rst:424 +msgid "" +"The :class:`DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler` class is derived from " +":class:`CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler` and provides a means of creating self-" +"documenting, XML-RPC CGI scripts. HTTP POST requests are handled as XML-RPC " +"method calls. HTTP GET requests are handled by generating pydoc-style HTML " +"documentation. This allows a server to provide its own web-based " +"documentation." +msgstr "" +":class:`DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler` 类派生自 :class:`CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler` " +"并提供了一种创建自动记录文档的 XML-RPC CGI 脚本的方式。 HTTP POST 请求将作为 XML-RPC 方法调用来处理。 HTTP GET" +" 请求将通过生成 pydoc 风格的 HTML 文档来处理。 这将允许服务器自己提供基于 Web 的文档。" diff --git a/library/zipapp.po b/library/zipapp.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dcdf890f --- /dev/null +++ b/library/zipapp.po @@ -0,0 +1,606 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!zipapp` --- Manage executable Python zip archives" +msgstr ":mod:`!zipapp` --- 管理可执行的 Python zip 归档文件" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/zipapp.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/zipapp.py`" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:16 +msgid "" +"This module provides tools to manage the creation of zip files containing " +"Python code, which can be :ref:`executed directly by the Python interpreter" +" `. The module provides both a :ref:`zipapp-" +"command-line-interface` and a :ref:`zipapp-python-api`." +msgstr "" +"本模块提供了一套管理工具，用于创建包含 Python 代码的压缩文件，这些文件可以 :ref:`直接由 Python 解释器执行 `。 本模块提供 :ref:`zipapp-command-line-interface` 和 " +":ref:`zipapp-python-api`。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:23 +msgid "Basic Example" +msgstr "简单示例" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:25 +msgid "" +"The following example shows how the :ref:`zipapp-command-line-interface` can" +" be used to create an executable archive from a directory containing Python " +"code. When run, the archive will execute the ``main`` function from the " +"module ``myapp`` in the archive." +msgstr "" +"下述例子展示了用 :ref:`zipapp-command-line-interface` 根据含有 Python 代码的目录创建一个可执行的打包文件。" +" 运行后该打包文件时，将会执行 ``myapp`` 模块中的 ``main`` 函数。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:30 +msgid "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp -m \"myapp:main\"\n" +"$ python myapp.pyz\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp -m \"myapp:main\"\n" +"$ python myapp.pyz\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:40 +msgid "Command-Line Interface" +msgstr "命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:42 +msgid "" +"When called as a program from the command line, the following form is used:" +msgstr "若要从命令行调用，则采用以下形式：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:44 +msgid "$ python -m zipapp source [options]" +msgstr "$ python -m zipapp source [options]" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:48 +msgid "" +"If *source* is a directory, this will create an archive from the contents of" +" *source*. If *source* is a file, it should be an archive, and it will be " +"copied to the target archive (or the contents of its shebang line will be " +"displayed if the --info option is specified)." +msgstr "" +"如果 *source* 是个目录，将根据 *source* 的内容创建一个打包文件。如果 *source* " +"是个文件，则应为一个打包文件，将会复制到目标打包文件中（如果指定了 -info 选项，将会显示 shebang 行的内容）。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:53 +msgid "The following options are understood:" +msgstr "可以接受以下参数：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Write the output to a file named *output*. If this option is not specified," +" the output filename will be the same as the input *source*, with the " +"extension ``.pyz`` added. If an explicit filename is given, it is used as " +"is (so a ``.pyz`` extension should be included if required)." +msgstr "" +"将程序的输出写入名为 *output* 的文件中。若未指定此参数，输出的文件名将与输入的 *source* 相同，并添加扩展名 " +"``.pyz``。如果显式给出了文件名，将会原样使用（因此必要时应包含扩展名 ``.pyz``）。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:64 +msgid "" +"An output filename must be specified if the *source* is an archive (and in " +"that case, *output* must not be the same as *source*)." +msgstr "如果 *source* 是个打包文件，必须指定一个输出文件名（这时 *output* 必须与 *source* 不同）。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Add a ``#!`` line to the archive specifying *interpreter* as the command to " +"run. Also, on POSIX, make the archive executable. The default is to write " +"no ``#!`` line, and not make the file executable." +msgstr "" +"给打包文件加入 ``#!`` 行，以便指定 *解释器* 作为运行的命令行。另外，还让打包文件在 POSIX 平台上可执行。默认不会写入 ``#!`` " +"行，也不让文件可执行。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Write a ``__main__.py`` file to the archive that executes *mainfn*. The " +"*mainfn* argument should have the form \"pkg.mod:fn\", where \"pkg.mod\" is " +"a package/module in the archive, and \"fn\" is a callable in the given " +"module. The ``__main__.py`` file will execute that callable." +msgstr "" +"在打包文件中写入一个 ``__main__.py`` 文件，用于执行 *mainfn*。*mainfn* 参数的形式应为 “pkg.mod:fn”，其中" +" “pkg.mod”是打包文件中的某个包/模块，“fn”是该模块中的一个可调用对象。``__main__.py`` 文件将会执行该可调用对象。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:80 +msgid ":option:`--main` cannot be specified when copying an archive." +msgstr "在复制打包文件时，不能设置 :option:`--main` 参数。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Compress files with the deflate method, reducing the size of the output " +"file. By default, files are stored uncompressed in the archive." +msgstr "利用 deflate 方法压缩文件，减少输出文件的大小。默认情况下，打包文件中的文件是不压缩的。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:87 +msgid ":option:`--compress` has no effect when copying an archive." +msgstr "在复制打包文件时，:option:`--compress` 无效。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:93 +msgid "" +"Display the interpreter embedded in the archive, for diagnostic purposes. " +"In this case, any other options are ignored and SOURCE must be an archive, " +"not a directory." +msgstr "显示嵌入在打包文件中的解释器程序，以便诊断问题。这时会忽略其他所有参数，SOURCE 必须是个打包文件，而不是目录。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:99 +msgid "Print a short usage message and exit." +msgstr "打印简短的用法信息并退出。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:105 +msgid "Python API" +msgstr "Python API" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:107 +msgid "The module defines two convenience functions:" +msgstr "该模块定义了两个快捷函数：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Create an application archive from *source*. The source can be any of the " +"following:" +msgstr "由 *source* 创建一个应用程序打包文件。source 可以是以下形式之一：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:115 +msgid "" +"The name of a directory, or a :term:`path-like object` referring to a " +"directory, in which case a new application archive will be created from the " +"content of that directory." +msgstr "一个目录名，或指向目录的 :term:`path-like object` ，这时将根据目录内容新建一个应用程序打包文件。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The name of an existing application archive file, or a :term:`path-like " +"object` referring to such a file, in which case the file is copied to the " +"target (modifying it to reflect the value given for the *interpreter* " +"argument). The file name should include the ``.pyz`` extension, if " +"required." +msgstr "" +"一个已存在的应用程序打包文件名，或指向这类文件的 :term:`path-like object`，这时会将该文件复制为目标文件（会稍作修改以反映出 " +"*interpreter* 参数的值）。必要时文件名中应包括 ``.pyz`` 扩展名。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:122 +msgid "" +"A file object open for reading in bytes mode. The content of the file " +"should be an application archive, and the file object is assumed to be " +"positioned at the start of the archive." +msgstr "一个以字节串模式打开的文件对象。该文件的内容应为应用程序打包文件，且假定文件对象定位于打包文件的初始位置。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:126 +msgid "" +"The *target* argument determines where the resulting archive will be " +"written:" +msgstr "*target* 参数定义了打包文件的写入位置：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:129 +msgid "" +"If it is the name of a file, or a :term:`path-like object`, the archive will" +" be written to that file." +msgstr "若是个文件名，或是 :term:`path-like object`，打包文件将写入该文件中。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:131 +msgid "" +"If it is an open file object, the archive will be written to that file " +"object, which must be open for writing in bytes mode." +msgstr "若是个打开的文件对象，打包文件将写入该对象，该文件对象必须在字节串写入模式下打开。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:133 +msgid "" +"If the target is omitted (or ``None``), the source must be a directory and " +"the target will be a file with the same name as the source, with a ``.pyz`` " +"extension added." +msgstr "" +"如果省略了 target （或为 ``None``），则 source 必须为一个目录，target 将是与 source 同名的文件，并加上 " +"``.pyz`` 扩展名。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:137 +msgid "" +"The *interpreter* argument specifies the name of the Python interpreter with" +" which the archive will be executed. It is written as a \"shebang\" line at" +" the start of the archive. On POSIX, this will be interpreted by the OS, " +"and on Windows it will be handled by the Python launcher. Omitting the " +"*interpreter* results in no shebang line being written. If an interpreter " +"is specified, and the target is a filename, the executable bit of the target" +" file will be set." +msgstr "" +"参数 *interpreter* 指定了 Python 解释器程序名，用于执行打包文件。这将以 “释伴（shebang）”行的形式写入打包文件的头部。在" +" POSIX 平台上，操作系统会进行解释，而在 Windows 平台则会由 Python 启动器进行处理。省略 *interpreter* " +"参数则不会写入释伴行。如果指定了解释器，且目标为文件名，则会设置目标文件的可执行属性位。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The *main* argument specifies the name of a callable which will be used as " +"the main program for the archive. It can only be specified if the source is" +" a directory, and the source does not already contain a ``__main__.py`` " +"file. The *main* argument should take the form \"pkg.module:callable\" and " +"the archive will be run by importing \"pkg.module\" and executing the given " +"callable with no arguments. It is an error to omit *main* if the source is " +"a directory and does not contain a ``__main__.py`` file, as otherwise the " +"resulting archive would not be executable." +msgstr "" +"参数 *main* 指定某个可调用程序的名称，用作打包文件的主程序。仅当 source 为目录且不含 ``__main__.py`` " +"文件时，才能指定该参数。*main* 参数应采用 " +"“pkg.module:callable”的形式，通过导入“pkg.module”并不带参数地执行给出的可调用对象，即可执行打包文件。如果 source" +" 是目录且不含 ``__main__.py`` 文件，省略 *main* 将会出错，生成的打包文件将无法执行。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:155 +msgid "" +"The optional *filter* argument specifies a callback function that is passed " +"a Path object representing the path to the file being added (relative to the" +" source directory). It should return ``True`` if the file is to be added." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *filter* 指定了回调函数，将传给代表被添加文件路径的 Path 对象（相对于源目录）。如若文件需要加入打包文件，则回调函数应返回 " +"``True``。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The optional *compressed* argument determines whether files are compressed." +" If set to ``True``, files in the archive are compressed with the deflate " +"method; otherwise, files are stored uncompressed. This argument has no " +"effect when copying an existing archive." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *compressed* 指定是否要压缩打包文件。若设为 ``True``，则打包中的文件将用 deflate " +"方法进行压缩；否则就不会压缩。本参数在复制现有打包文件时无效。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:165 +msgid "" +"If a file object is specified for *source* or *target*, it is the caller's " +"responsibility to close it after calling create_archive." +msgstr "若 *source* 或 *target* 指定的是文件对象，则调用者有责任在调用 create_archive 之后关闭这些文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:168 +msgid "" +"When copying an existing archive, file objects supplied only need ``read`` " +"and ``readline``, or ``write`` methods. When creating an archive from a " +"directory, if the target is a file object it will be passed to the " +"``zipfile.ZipFile`` class, and must supply the methods needed by that class." +msgstr "" +"当复制已有的打包文件时，提供的文件对象只需 ``read`` 和 ``readline`` 方法，或 ``write`` " +"方法。当由目录创建打包文件时，若目标为文件对象，将会将其传给 类，且必须提供 ``zipfile.ZipFile`` 类所需的方法。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:174 +msgid "Added the *filter* and *compressed* parameters." +msgstr "增加了 *filter* 和 *compressed* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:179 +msgid "" +"Return the interpreter specified in the ``#!`` line at the start of the " +"archive. If there is no ``#!`` line, return :const:`None`. The *archive* " +"argument can be a filename or a file-like object open for reading in bytes " +"mode. It is assumed to be at the start of the archive." +msgstr "" +"返回打包文件开头的 行指定的解释器程序。如果没有 ``#!`` 行，则返回 :const:`None`。参数 *archive* " +"可为文件名或在字节串模式下打开以供读取的文件型对象。``#!`` 行假定是在打包文件的开头。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:188 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:190 +msgid "Pack up a directory into an archive, and run it." +msgstr "将目录打包成一个文件并运行它。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:192 +msgid "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp\n" +"$ python myapp.pyz\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp\n" +"$ python myapp.pyz\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:198 +msgid "The same can be done using the :func:`create_archive` function::" +msgstr "同样还可用 :func:`create_archive` 函数完成：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:200 +msgid "" +">>> import zipapp\n" +">>> zipapp.create_archive('myapp', 'myapp.pyz')" +msgstr "" +">>> import zipapp\n" +">>> zipapp.create_archive('myapp', 'myapp.pyz')" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:203 +msgid "" +"To make the application directly executable on POSIX, specify an interpreter" +" to use." +msgstr "要让应用程序能在 POSIX 平台上直接执行，需要指定所用的解释器。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:206 +msgid "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp -p \"/usr/bin/env python\"\n" +"$ ./myapp.pyz\n" +"" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp -p \"/usr/bin/env python\"\n" +"$ ./myapp.pyz\n" +"" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:212 +msgid "" +"To replace the shebang line on an existing archive, create a modified " +"archive using the :func:`create_archive` function::" +msgstr "若要替换已有打包文件中的释伴行，请用 :func:`create_archive` 函数另建一个修改好的打包文件：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:215 +msgid "" +">>> import zipapp\n" +">>> zipapp.create_archive('old_archive.pyz', 'new_archive.pyz', '/usr/bin/python3')" +msgstr "" +">>> import zipapp\n" +">>> zipapp.create_archive('old_archive.pyz', 'new_archive.pyz', '/usr/bin/python3')" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:218 +msgid "" +"To update the file in place, do the replacement in memory using a " +":class:`~io.BytesIO` object, and then overwrite the source afterwards. Note" +" that there is a risk when overwriting a file in place that an error will " +"result in the loss of the original file. This code does not protect against" +" such errors, but production code should do so. Also, this method will only" +" work if the archive fits in memory::" +msgstr "" +"若要原地更新打包文件，可用 :class:`~io.BytesIO` 对象在内存中进行替换，然后再覆盖源文件。 " +"请注意原地覆盖文件存在发生错误时丢失原始文件的风险。 这段代码没有考虑发生错误的情况，但生产性代码应该要考虑。 " +"另外，此方法将仅在内存能容纳打包文件时才适用::" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:225 +msgid "" +">>> import zipapp\n" +">>> import io\n" +">>> temp = io.BytesIO()\n" +">>> zipapp.create_archive('myapp.pyz', temp, '/usr/bin/python2')\n" +">>> with open('myapp.pyz', 'wb') as f:\n" +">>> f.write(temp.getvalue())" +msgstr "" +">>> import zipapp\n" +">>> import io\n" +">>> temp = io.BytesIO()\n" +">>> zipapp.create_archive('myapp.pyz', temp, '/usr/bin/python2')\n" +">>> with open('myapp.pyz', 'wb') as f:\n" +">>> f.write(temp.getvalue())" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:236 +msgid "Specifying the Interpreter" +msgstr "指定解释器程序" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:238 +msgid "" +"Note that if you specify an interpreter and then distribute your application" +" archive, you need to ensure that the interpreter used is portable. The " +"Python launcher for Windows supports most common forms of POSIX ``#!`` line," +" but there are other issues to consider:" +msgstr "" +"注意，如果指定了解释器程序再发布应用程序打包文件，需要确保所用到的解释器是可移植的。Windows 的 Python 启动器支持大多数常见的 POSIX" +" ``#!`` 行，但还需要考虑一些其他问题。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:243 +msgid "" +"If you use \"/usr/bin/env python\" (or other forms of the \"python\" " +"command, such as \"/usr/bin/python\"), you need to consider that your users " +"may have either Python 2 or Python 3 as their default, and write your code " +"to work under both versions." +msgstr "" +"如果采用“/usr/bin/env python”（或其他格式的 python " +"调用命令，比如“/usr/bin/python”)，需要考虑默认版本既可能是 Python 2 又可能是 Python " +"3，应让代码在两个版本下均能正常运行。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:247 +msgid "" +"If you use an explicit version, for example \"/usr/bin/env python3\" your " +"application will not work for users who do not have that version. (This may" +" be what you want if you have not made your code Python 2 compatible)." +msgstr "" +"如果用到的 Python 版本明确，如“/usr/bin/env python3”，则没有该版本的用户将无法运行应用程序。（如果代码不兼容 Python" +" 2，可能正该如此）。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:250 +msgid "" +"There is no way to say \"python X.Y or later\", so be careful of using an " +"exact version like \"/usr/bin/env python3.4\" as you will need to change " +"your shebang line for users of Python 3.5, for example." +msgstr "" +"因为无法指定“python X.Y以上版本”，所以应小心“/usr/bin/env python3.4”这种精确版本的指定方式，因为对于 Python " +"3.5 的用户就得修改释伴行，比如：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Typically, you should use an \"/usr/bin/env python2\" or \"/usr/bin/env " +"python3\", depending on whether your code is written for Python 2 or 3." +msgstr "" +"通常应该用“/usr/bin/env python2”或“/usr/bin/env python3”的格式，具体根据代码适用于 Python 2 还是 " +"3 而定。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:259 +msgid "Creating Standalone Applications with zipapp" +msgstr "用 zipapp 创建独立运行的应用程序" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Using the :mod:`zipapp` module, it is possible to create self-contained " +"Python programs, which can be distributed to end users who only need to have" +" a suitable version of Python installed on their system. The key to doing " +"this is to bundle all of the application's dependencies into the archive, " +"along with the application code." +msgstr "" +"利用 :mod:`zipapp` 模块可以创建独立运行的 Python 程序，以便向最终用户发布，仅需在系统中装有合适版本的 Python " +"即可运行。操作的关键就是把应用程序代码和所有依赖项一起放入打包文件中。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:267 +msgid "The steps to create a standalone archive are as follows:" +msgstr "创建独立运行打包文件的步骤如下：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Create your application in a directory as normal, so you have a ``myapp`` " +"directory containing a ``__main__.py`` file, and any supporting application " +"code." +msgstr "照常在某个目录中创建应用程序，于是会有一个 ``myapp`` 目录，里面有个 ``__main__.py`` 文件，以及所有支持性代码。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:273 +msgid "" +"Install all of your application's dependencies into the ``myapp`` directory," +" using pip:" +msgstr "用 pip 将应用程序的所有依赖项装入 ``myapp`` 目录。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:276 +msgid "$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt --target myapp" +msgstr "$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt --target myapp" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:280 +msgid "" +"(this assumes you have your project requirements in a ``requirements.txt`` " +"file - if not, you can just list the dependencies manually on the pip " +"command line)." +msgstr "（这里假定在 ``requirements.txt`` 文件中列出了项目所需的依赖项，也可以在 pip 命令行中列出依赖项）。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:284 +msgid "Package the application using:" +msgstr "用以下命令打包：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:286 +msgid "$ python -m zipapp -p \"interpreter\" myapp" +msgstr "$ python -m zipapp -p \"interpreter\" myapp" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:290 +msgid "" +"This will produce a standalone executable, which can be run on any machine " +"with the appropriate interpreter available. See :ref:`zipapp-specifying-the-" +"interpreter` for details. It can be shipped to users as a single file." +msgstr "" +"这会生成一个独立的可执行文件，可在任何装有合适解释器的机器上运行。详情参见 :ref:`zipapp-specifying-the-" +"interpreter`。可以单个文件的形式分发给用户。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:294 +msgid "" +"On Unix, the ``myapp.pyz`` file is executable as it stands. You can rename " +"the file to remove the ``.pyz`` extension if you prefer a \"plain\" command " +"name. On Windows, the ``myapp.pyz[w]`` file is executable by virtue of the " +"fact that the Python interpreter registers the ``.pyz`` and ``.pyzw`` file " +"extensions when installed." +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 系统中， ``myapp.pyz`` 文件将以原有文件名执行。如果喜欢 “普通”的命令名，可以重命名该文件，去掉扩展名 ``.pyz`` " +"。在 Windows 系统中， ``myapp.pyz[w]`` 是可执行文件，因为 Python 解释器在安装时注册了扩展名 ``.pyz`` 和 " +"``.pyzw`` 。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:302 +msgid "Caveats" +msgstr "注意事项" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:304 +msgid "" +"If your application depends on a package that includes a C extension, that " +"package cannot be run from a zip file (this is an OS limitation, as " +"executable code must be present in the filesystem for the OS loader to load " +"it). In this case, you can exclude that dependency from the zipfile, and " +"either require your users to have it installed, or ship it alongside your " +"zipfile and add code to your ``__main__.py`` to include the directory " +"containing the unzipped module in ``sys.path``. In this case, you will need " +"to make sure to ship appropriate binaries for your target architecture(s) " +"(and potentially pick the correct version to add to ``sys.path`` at runtime," +" based on the user's machine)." +msgstr "" +"如果应用程序依赖某个带有 C " +"扩展的包，则此程序包无法由打包文件运行（这是操作系统的限制，因为可执行代码必须存在于文件系统中，操作系统才能加载）。这时可去除打包文件中的依赖关系，然后要求用户事先安装好该程序包，或者与打包文件一起发布并在" +" ``__main__.py`` 中增加代码，将未打包模块的目录加入 ``sys.path`` " +"中。采用增加代码方式时，一定要为目标架构提供合适的二进制文件（可能还需在运行时根据用户的机器选择正确的版本加入 ``sys.path``）。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:316 +msgid "The Python Zip Application Archive Format" +msgstr "Python 打包应用程序的格式" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Python has been able to execute zip files which contain a ``__main__.py`` " +"file since version 2.6. In order to be executed by Python, an application " +"archive simply has to be a standard zip file containing a ``__main__.py`` " +"file which will be run as the entry point for the application. As usual for" +" any Python script, the parent of the script (in this case the zip file) " +"will be placed on :data:`sys.path` and thus further modules can be imported " +"from the zip file." +msgstr "" +"自 2.6 版开始，Python 即能够执行包含 文件的打包文件了。为了能被 Python 执行，应用程序的打包文件必须为包含 " +"``__main__.py`` 文件的标准 zip 文件，``__main__.py`` 文件将作为应用程序的入口运行。类似于常规的 Python " +"脚本，父级（这里指打包文件）将放入 :data:`sys.path` ，因此可从打包文件中导入更多的模块。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:325 +msgid "" +"The zip file format allows arbitrary data to be prepended to a zip file. " +"The zip application format uses this ability to prepend a standard POSIX " +"\"shebang\" line to the file (``#!/path/to/interpreter``)." +msgstr "" +"zip 文件格式允许在文件中预置任意数据。利用这种能力，zip 应用程序格式在文件中预置了一个标准的 POSIX " +"“释伴”行（``#!/path/to/interpreter``）。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:329 +msgid "Formally, the Python zip application format is therefore:" +msgstr "因此，Python zip 应用程序的格式会如下所示：" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:331 +msgid "" +"An optional shebang line, containing the characters ``b'#!'`` followed by an" +" interpreter name, and then a newline (``b'\\n'``) character. The " +"interpreter name can be anything acceptable to the OS \"shebang\" " +"processing, or the Python launcher on Windows. The interpreter should be " +"encoded in UTF-8 on Windows, and in :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` on " +"POSIX." +msgstr "" +"可选的 shebang 行，包含字符 ``b'#!'`` 后面跟一个解释器名，再带一个换行符 (``b'\\n'``)。 解释器名可以是 OS " +"\"shebang\" 处理所能接受的任何名称，或为 Windows 上的 Python 启动器。 解释器名在 Windows 上应当使用 UTF-8 " +"编码，而在 POSIX 上则使用 :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:336 +msgid "" +"Standard zipfile data, as generated by the :mod:`zipfile` module. The " +"zipfile content *must* include a file called ``__main__.py`` (which must be " +"in the \"root\" of the zipfile - i.e., it cannot be in a subdirectory). The" +" zipfile data can be compressed or uncompressed." +msgstr "" +"标准的打包文件由 :mod:`zipfile` 模块生成。其中 *必须* 包含一个名为 ``__main__.py`` " +"的文件（必须位于打包文件的“根”目录——不能位于某个子目录中）。打包文件中的数据可以是压缩或未压缩的。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:341 +msgid "" +"If an application archive has a shebang line, it may have the executable bit" +" set on POSIX systems, to allow it to be executed directly." +msgstr "如果应用程序的打包文件带有释伴行，则在 POSIX 系统中可能需要启用可执行属性，以允许直接执行。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:344 +msgid "" +"There is no requirement that the tools in this module are used to create " +"application archives - the module is a convenience, but archives in the " +"above format created by any means are acceptable to Python." +msgstr "不一定非要用本模块中的工具创建应用程序打包文件，本模块只是提供了便捷方案，上述格式的打包文件可用任何方式创建，均可被 Python 接受。" + +#: ../../library/zipapp.rst:11 +msgid "Executable Zip Files" +msgstr "可执行的 Zip 文件" diff --git a/library/zipfile.po b/library/zipfile.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dad0be74 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/zipfile.po @@ -0,0 +1,1408 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# cdarlint , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# 稀饭~~ , 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Makdon , 2021 +# 钢 彭 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!zipfile` --- Work with ZIP archives" +msgstr ":mod:`!zipfile` --- 操作 ZIP 归档文件" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:10 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/zipfile/`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/zipfile/`" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This " +"module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP file. " +"Any advanced use of this module will require an understanding of the format," +" as defined in `PKZIP Application Note`_." +msgstr "" +"ZIP 文件格式是一个常用的归档与压缩标准。 这个模块提供了创建、读取、写入、添加及列出 ZIP 文件的工具。 " +"任何对此模块的进阶使用都将需要理解此格式，其定义参见 `PKZIP 应用程序笔记`_。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:19 +msgid "" +"This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle " +"ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions (that is ZIP files that are more " +"than 4 GiB in size). It supports decryption of encrypted files in ZIP " +"archives, but it currently cannot create an encrypted file. Decryption is " +"extremely slow as it is implemented in native Python rather than C." +msgstr "" +"此模块目前不能处理分卷 ZIP 文件。它可以处理使用 ZIP64 扩展（超过 4 GB 的 ZIP 文件）的 ZIP 文件。它支持解密 ZIP " +"归档中的加密文件，但是目前不能创建一个加密的文件。解密非常慢，因为它是使用原生 Python 而不是 C 实现的。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:26 +msgid "The module defines the following items:" +msgstr "这个模块定义了以下内容：" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:30 +msgid "The error raised for bad ZIP files." +msgstr "为损坏的 ZIP 文件抛出的错误。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Alias of :exc:`BadZipFile`, for compatibility with older Python versions." +msgstr ":exc:`BadZipFile` 的别名，与旧版本 Python 保持兼容性。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality but that " +"has not been enabled." +msgstr "当 ZIP 文件需要 ZIP64 功能但是未启用时会抛出此错误。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The class for reading and writing ZIP files. See section :ref:`zipfile-" +"objects` for constructor details." +msgstr "用于读写 ZIP 文件的类。 欲了解构造函数的描述，参阅段落 :ref:`zipfile-objects`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Class that implements a subset of the interface provided by " +":class:`pathlib.Path`, including the full " +":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` interface." +msgstr "" +"实现了 :class:`pathlib.Path` 所提供接口的一个子集的类，包括完整的 " +":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` 接口。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:68 +msgid "Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries." +msgstr "用于创建包含 Python 库的 ZIP 归档的类。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:73 +msgid "" +"Class used to represent information about a member of an archive. Instances " +"of this class are returned by the :meth:`.getinfo` and :meth:`.infolist` " +"methods of :class:`ZipFile` objects. Most users of the :mod:`zipfile` " +"module will not need to create these, but only use those created by this " +"module. *filename* should be the full name of the archive member, and " +"*date_time* should be a tuple containing six fields which describe the time " +"of the last modification to the file; the fields are described in section " +":ref:`zipinfo-objects`." +msgstr "" +"用于表示档案内一个成员信息的类。 此类的实例会由 :class:`ZipFile` 对象的 :meth:`.getinfo` 和 " +":meth:`.infolist` 方法返回。 大多数 :mod:`zipfile` 模块的用户都不必创建它们，只需使用此模块所创建的实例。 " +"*filename* 应当是档案成员的全名，*date_time* 应当是包含六个字段的描述最近修改时间的元组；这些字段的描述请参阅 " +":ref:`zipinfo-objects`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:82 +msgid "" +"A public :attr:`!compress_level` attribute has been added to expose the " +"formerly protected :attr:`!_compresslevel`. The older protected name " +"continues to work as a property for backwards compatibility." +msgstr "" +"增加了公有的 :attr:`!compress_level` 属性来暴露之前被保护 :attr:`!_compresslevel`。 " +"较旧的被保护名称可继续作为保持向下兼容性的特征属性使用。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:89 +msgid "" +"Returns ``True`` if *filename* is a valid ZIP file based on its magic " +"number, otherwise returns ``False``. *filename* may be a file or file-like " +"object too." +msgstr "" +"根据文件的 Magic Number，如果 *filename* 是一个有效的 ZIP 文件则返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 " +"*filename* 也可能是一个文件或类文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:92 +msgid "Support for file and file-like objects." +msgstr "支持文件或类文件对象。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:98 +msgid "The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member." +msgstr "未被压缩的归档成员的数字常数。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:103 +msgid "" +"The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method. This requires " +"the :mod:`zlib` module." +msgstr "常用的 ZIP 压缩方法的数字常数。需要 :mod:`zlib` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The numeric constant for the BZIP2 compression method. This requires the " +":mod:`bz2` module." +msgstr "BZIP2 压缩方法的数字常数。需要 :mod:`bz2` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:116 +msgid "" +"The numeric constant for the LZMA compression method. This requires the " +":mod:`lzma` module." +msgstr "LZMA 压缩方法的数字常数。需要 :mod:`lzma` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The ZIP file format specification has included support for bzip2 compression" +" since 2001, and for LZMA compression since 2006. However, some tools " +"(including older Python releases) do not support these compression methods, " +"and may either refuse to process the ZIP file altogether, or fail to extract" +" individual files." +msgstr "" +"ZIP 文件格式规范包括自 2001 年以来对 bzip2 压缩的支持，以及自 2006 年以来对 LZMA 压缩的支持。但是，一些工具（包括较旧的 " +"Python 版本）不支持这些压缩方法，并且可能拒绝完全处理 ZIP 文件，或者无法提取单个文件。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:132 +msgid "`PKZIP Application Note`_" +msgstr "`PKZIP 应用程序笔记`_" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format" +" and algorithms used." +msgstr "Phil Katz 编写的 ZIP 文件格式文档，此格式和使用的算法的创建者。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:136 +msgid "`Info-ZIP Home Page `_" +msgstr "`Info-ZIP 主页 `_" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:137 +msgid "" +"Information about the Info-ZIP project's ZIP archive programs and " +"development libraries." +msgstr "有关 Info-ZIP 项目的 ZIP 存档程序和开发库的信息。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:144 +msgid "ZipFile Objects" +msgstr "ZipFile 对象" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Open a ZIP file, where *file* can be a path to a file (a string), a file-" +"like object or a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "" +"打开一个 ZIP 文件，*file* 为一个指向文件的路径（字符串），一个类文件对象或者一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:154 +msgid "" +"The *mode* parameter should be ``'r'`` to read an existing file, ``'w'`` to " +"truncate and write a new file, ``'a'`` to append to an existing file, or " +"``'x'`` to exclusively create and write a new file. If *mode* is ``'x'`` and" +" *file* refers to an existing file, a :exc:`FileExistsError` will be raised." +" If *mode* is ``'a'`` and *file* refers to an existing ZIP file, then " +"additional files are added to it. If *file* does not refer to a ZIP file, " +"then a new ZIP archive is appended to the file. This is meant for adding a " +"ZIP archive to another file (such as :file:`python.exe`). If *mode* is " +"``'a'`` and the file does not exist at all, it is created. If *mode* is " +"``'r'`` or ``'a'``, the file should be seekable." +msgstr "" +"形参 *mode* 应当为 ``'r'`` 来读取一个存在的文件，``'w'`` 来截断并写入新的文件， ``'a'`` 来添加到一个存在的文件，或者 " +"``'x'`` 来仅新建并写入新的文件。如果 *mode* 为 ``'x'`` 并且 *file* 指向已经存在的文件，则抛出 " +":exc:`FileExistsError`。如果 *mode* 为 ``'a'`` 且 *file* 为已存在的文件，则格外的文件将被加入。如果 " +"*file* 不指向 ZIP 文件，之后一个新的 ZIP 归档将被追加为此文件。这是为了将 ZIP 归档添加到另一个文件（例如 " +":file:`python.exe`）。如果 *mode* 为 ``'a'`` 并且文件不存在， 则会新建。如果 *mode* 为 ``'r'`` 或 " +"``'a'``， 则文件应当可定位。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:166 +msgid "" +"*compression* is the ZIP compression method to use when writing the archive," +" and should be :const:`ZIP_STORED`, :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED`, " +":const:`ZIP_BZIP2` or :const:`ZIP_LZMA`; unrecognized values will cause " +":exc:`NotImplementedError` to be raised. If :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED`, " +":const:`ZIP_BZIP2` or :const:`ZIP_LZMA` is specified but the corresponding " +"module (:mod:`zlib`, :mod:`bz2` or :mod:`lzma`) is not available, " +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. The default is :const:`ZIP_STORED`." +msgstr "" +"*compression* 是在写入归档时要使用的 ZIP 压缩方法，应为 :const:`ZIP_STORED`, " +":const:`ZIP_DEFLATED`, :const:`ZIP_BZIP2` 或 :const:`ZIP_LZMA`；不可识别的值将导致引发 " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`。 如果指定了 :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED`, :const:`ZIP_BZIP2` " +"或 :const:`ZIP_LZMA` 但相应的模块 (:mod:`zlib`, :mod:`bz2` 或 :mod:`lzma`) 不可用，则会引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。 默认值为 :const:`ZIP_STORED`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:174 +msgid "" +"If *allowZip64* is ``True`` (the default) zipfile will create ZIP files that" +" use the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger than 4 GiB. If it is " +"``false`` :mod:`zipfile` will raise an exception when the ZIP file would " +"require ZIP64 extensions." +msgstr "" +"如果 *allowZip64* 为 ``True`` (默认值) 则当 zipfile 大于 4 GiB 时 zipfile 将创建使用 ZIP64 " +"扩展的 ZIP 文件。 如果该参数为 ``false`` 则当 ZIP 文件需要 ZIP64 扩展时 :mod:`zipfile` 将引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:179 +msgid "" +"The *compresslevel* parameter controls the compression level to use when " +"writing files to the archive. When using :const:`ZIP_STORED` or " +":const:`ZIP_LZMA` it has no effect. When using :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED` " +"integers ``0`` through ``9`` are accepted (see :class:`zlib " +"` for more information). When using :const:`ZIP_BZIP2` " +"integers ``1`` through ``9`` are accepted (see :class:`bz2 ` " +"for more information)." +msgstr "" +"*compresslevel* 形参控制在将文件写入归档时要使用的压缩等级。 当使用 :const:`ZIP_STORED` 或 " +":const:`ZIP_LZMA` 时无压缩效果。 当使用 :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED` 时接受整数 ``0`` 至 ``9`` " +"(更多信息参见 :class:`zlib `)。 当使用 :const:`ZIP_BZIP2` 时接受整数 " +"``1`` 至 ``9`` (更多信息参见 :class:`bz2 `)。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:187 ../../library/zipfile.rst:768 +msgid "" +"The *strict_timestamps* argument, when set to ``False``, allows to zip files" +" older than 1980-01-01 at the cost of setting the timestamp to 1980-01-01. " +"Similar behavior occurs with files newer than 2107-12-31, the timestamp is " +"also set to the limit." +msgstr "" +"*strict_timestamps* 参数在设为 ``False`` 时允许压缩早于 1980-01-01 的文件，代价时会将时间戳设为 " +"1980-01-01。 类似的行为也会对晚于 2107-12-31 的文件发生，时间戳也会被设为该上限值。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:193 +msgid "" +"When mode is ``'r'``, *metadata_encoding* may be set to the name of a codec," +" which will be used to decode metadata such as the names of members and ZIP " +"comments." +msgstr "" +"当 mode 为 ``'r'`` 时，可以将 *metadata_encoding* 设为某个编解码器的名称，它将被用来解码元数据如成员名称和 ZIP " +"注释等等。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:197 +msgid "" +"If the file is created with mode ``'w'``, ``'x'`` or ``'a'`` and then " +":meth:`closed ` without adding any files to the archive, the " +"appropriate ZIP structures for an empty archive will be written to the file." +msgstr "" +"如果创建文件时使用 ``'w'``, ``'x'`` 或 ``'a'`` 模式并且未向归档添加任何文件就执行了 :meth:`closed " +"`，则会将适当的空归档 ZIP 结构写入文件。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:201 +msgid "" +"ZipFile is also a context manager and therefore supports the :keyword:`with`" +" statement. In the example, *myzip* is closed after the :keyword:`!with` " +"statement's suite is finished---even if an exception occurs::" +msgstr "" +"ZipFile 也是一个上下文管理器，因此支持 :keyword:`with` 语句。 在这个示例中，*myzip* 将在 " +":keyword:`!with` 语句块执行完成之后被关闭 --- 即使是发生了异常::" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:205 +msgid "" +"with ZipFile('spam.zip', 'w') as myzip:\n" +" myzip.write('eggs.txt')" +msgstr "" +"with ZipFile('spam.zip', 'w') as myzip:\n" +" myzip.write('eggs.txt')" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:210 +msgid "" +"*metadata_encoding* is an instance-wide setting for the ZipFile. It is not " +"currently possible to set this on a per-member basis." +msgstr "*metadata_encoding* 是用于 ZipFile 的实例级设置。 目前无法在成员层级上设置此选项。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:213 +msgid "" +"This attribute is a workaround for legacy implementations which produce " +"archives with names in the current locale encoding or code page (mostly on " +"Windows). According to the .ZIP standard, the encoding of metadata may be " +"specified to be either IBM code page (default) or UTF-8 by a flag in the " +"archive header. That flag takes precedence over *metadata_encoding*, which " +"is a Python-specific extension." +msgstr "" +"该属性是对旧式实现的变通处理，它产生的归档文件名会使用当前语言区域编码格式或代码页（主要是在 Windows 上）。 根据 .ZIP " +"标准，元数据的编码格式可以通过归档文件标头中的一个旗标指定为 IBM 代码页（默认）或 UTF-8。 该旗标优先于 " +"*metadata_encoding*，后者是一个 Python 专属的扩展。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:221 +msgid "Added the ability to use :class:`ZipFile` as a context manager." +msgstr "添加了将 :class:`ZipFile` 用作上下文管理器的功能。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:224 +msgid "Added support for :mod:`bzip2 ` and :mod:`lzma` compression." +msgstr "添加了对 :mod:`bzip2 ` 和 :mod:`lzma` 压缩的支持。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:227 ../../library/zipfile.rst:681 +msgid "ZIP64 extensions are enabled by default." +msgstr "默认启用 ZIP64 扩展。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Added support for writing to unseekable streams. Added support for the " +"``'x'`` mode." +msgstr "添加了对不可查找数据流的支持。 并添加了对 ``'x'`` 模式的支持。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Previously, a plain :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised for unrecognized " +"compression values." +msgstr "在此之前，对于不可识别的压缩值将引发普通的 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:238 +msgid "The *file* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*file* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:241 +msgid "Add the *compresslevel* parameter." +msgstr "添加了 *compresslevel* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:244 +msgid "The *strict_timestamps* keyword-only parameter." +msgstr "*strict_timestamps* 仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:247 +msgid "" +"Added support for specifying member name encoding for reading metadata in " +"the zipfile's directory and file headers." +msgstr "增加了对指定成员名称编码格式的支持以便在 ZIP 文件的目录和文件标头中读取元数据。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Close the archive file. You must call :meth:`close` before exiting your " +"program or essential records will not be written." +msgstr "关闭归档文件。 你必须在退出程序之前调用 :meth:`close` 否则将不会写入关键记录数据。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Return a :class:`ZipInfo` object with information about the archive member " +"*name*. Calling :meth:`getinfo` for a name not currently contained in the " +"archive will raise a :exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "" +"返回一个 :class:`ZipInfo` 对象，其中包含有关归档成员 *name* 的信息。 针对一个目前并不包含于归档中的名称调用 " +":meth:`getinfo` 将会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Return a list containing a :class:`ZipInfo` object for each member of the " +"archive. The objects are in the same order as their entries in the actual " +"ZIP file on disk if an existing archive was opened." +msgstr "" +"返回一个列表，其中包含每个归档成员的 :class:`ZipInfo` 对象。 如果是打开一个现有归档则这些对象的排列顺序与它们对应条目在磁盘上的实际 " +"ZIP 文件中的顺序一致。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:274 +msgid "Return a list of archive members by name." +msgstr "返回按名称排序的归档成员列表。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Access a member of the archive as a binary file-like object. *name* can be " +"either the name of a file within the archive or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. " +"The *mode* parameter, if included, must be ``'r'`` (the default) or ``'w'``." +" *pwd* is the password used to decrypt encrypted ZIP files as a " +":class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "" +"以二进制文件型对象的形式访问一个归档成员。 *name* 可以是归档内某个文件的名称或是某个 :class:`ZipInfo` 对象。 如果包括了 " +"*mode* 形参，则它必须为 ``'r'`` (默认值) 或 ``'w'``。 *pwd* 是用于解密 :class:`bytes` 对象形式的已加密" +" ZIP 文件的密码。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:285 +msgid "" +":meth:`~ZipFile.open` is also a context manager and therefore supports the " +":keyword:`with` statement::" +msgstr ":meth:`~ZipFile.open` 也是一个上下文管理器，因此支持 :keyword:`with` 语句::" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:288 +msgid "" +"with ZipFile('spam.zip') as myzip:\n" +" with myzip.open('eggs.txt') as myfile:\n" +" print(myfile.read())" +msgstr "" +"with ZipFile('spam.zip') as myzip:\n" +" with myzip.open('eggs.txt') as myfile:\n" +" print(myfile.read())" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:292 +msgid "" +"With *mode* ``'r'`` the file-like object (``ZipExtFile``) is read-only and " +"provides the following methods: :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read`, " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readline`, :meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines`, " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.seek`, :meth:`~io.IOBase.tell`, " +":meth:`~container.__iter__`, :meth:`~iterator.__next__`. These objects can " +"operate independently of the ZipFile." +msgstr "" +"如果 *mode* 为 ``'r'`` 则文件型对象 (``ZipExtFile``) 将为只读并且提供下列方法: " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.read`, :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline`, " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.readlines`, :meth:`~io.IOBase.seek`, " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.tell`, :meth:`~container.__iter__`, " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__`。 这些对象可独立于 ZipFile 进行操作。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:299 +msgid "" +"With ``mode='w'``, a writable file handle is returned, which supports the " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.write` method. While a writable file handle is " +"open, attempting to read or write other files in the ZIP file will raise a " +":exc:`ValueError`." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``mode='w'`` 则返回一个可写入的文件句柄，它将支持 :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.write` 方法。 " +"当一个可写入的文件句柄被打开时，尝试读写 ZIP 文件中的其他文件将会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:304 +msgid "" +"In both cases the file-like object has also attributes :attr:`!name`, which " +"is equivalent to the name of a file within the archive, and :attr:`!mode`, " +"which is ``'rb'`` or ``'wb'`` depending on the input mode." +msgstr "" +"在两种情况下该文件型对象还具有属性 :attr:`!name`，它等价于归档内文件的名称，以及 :attr:`!mode`，它根据输入模式的不同可能为 " +"``'rb'`` 或 ``'wb'``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:308 +msgid "" +"When writing a file, if the file size is not known in advance but may exceed" +" 2 GiB, pass ``force_zip64=True`` to ensure that the header format is " +"capable of supporting large files. If the file size is known in advance, " +"construct a :class:`ZipInfo` object with :attr:`~ZipInfo.file_size` set, and" +" use that as the *name* parameter." +msgstr "" +"当写入一个文件时，如果文件大小不能预先确定但是可能超过 2 GiB，可传入 ``force_zip64=True`` 以确保标头格式能够支持超大文件。 " +"如果文件大小可以预先确定，则在构造 :class:`ZipInfo` 对象时应设置 :attr:`~ZipInfo.file_size`，并将其用作 " +"*name* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:316 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`.open`, :meth:`read` and :meth:`extract` methods can take a " +"filename or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. You will appreciate this when trying" +" to read a ZIP file that contains members with duplicate names." +msgstr "" +":meth:`.open`, :meth:`read` 和 :meth:`extract` 方法可接受文件名或 :class:`ZipInfo` 对象。" +" 当尝试读取一个包含重复名称成员的 ZIP 文件时你将发现此功能很有好处。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Removed support of ``mode='U'``. Use :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` for reading " +"compressed text files in :term:`universal newlines` mode." +msgstr "" +"移除了对 ``mode='U'`` 的支持。 请使用 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 以在 :term:`universal " +"newlines` 模式中读取已压缩的文本文件。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:324 +msgid "" +":meth:`ZipFile.open` can now be used to write files into the archive with " +"the ``mode='w'`` option." +msgstr "现在 :meth:`ZipFile.open` 可以被用来配合 ``mode='w'`` 选项将文件写入归档。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:328 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`.open` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. " +"Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised." +msgstr "" +"在已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`.open` 将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 在之前的版本中则会引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Added attributes :attr:`!name` and :attr:`!mode` for the writeable file-like" +" object. The value of the :attr:`!mode` attribute for the readable file-like" +" object was changed from ``'r'`` to ``'rb'``." +msgstr "" +"为可写文件型对象增加了属性 :attr:`!name` 和 :attr:`!mode`。 可读文件型对象的 :attr:`!mode` 属性值由 " +"``'r'`` 改为 ``'rb'``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:341 +msgid "" +"Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory; *member*" +" must be its full name or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. Its file information " +"is extracted as accurately as possible. *path* specifies a different " +"directory to extract to. *member* can be a filename or a :class:`ZipInfo` " +"object. *pwd* is the password used for encrypted files as a :class:`bytes` " +"object." +msgstr "" +"从归档中提取一个成员放入当前工作目录；*member* 必须是一个成员的完整名称或 :class:`ZipInfo` 对象。 " +"成员的文件信息会尽可能精确地被提取。 *path* 指定一个要放入的不同目录。 *member* 可以是一个文件名或 :class:`ZipInfo` " +"对象。 *pwd* 是 :class:`bytes` 对象形式的用于解密已加密文件的密码。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:347 +msgid "Returns the normalized path created (a directory or new file)." +msgstr "返回所创建的经正规化的路径（对应于目录或新文件）。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:351 +msgid "" +"If a member filename is an absolute path, a drive/UNC sharepoint and leading" +" (back)slashes will be stripped, e.g.: ``///foo/bar`` becomes ``foo/bar`` on" +" Unix, and ``C:\\foo\\bar`` becomes ``foo\\bar`` on Windows. And all " +"``\"..\"`` components in a member filename will be removed, e.g.: " +"``../../foo../../ba..r`` becomes ``foo../ba..r``. On Windows illegal " +"characters (``:``, ``<``, ``>``, ``|``, ``\"``, ``?``, and ``*``) replaced " +"by underscore (``_``)." +msgstr "" +"如果一个成员文件名为绝对路径，则将去掉驱动器/UNC共享点和前导的（反）斜杠，例如: ``///foo/bar`` 在 Unix 上将变为 " +"``foo/bar``，而 ``C:\\foo\\bar`` 在 Windows 上将变为 ``foo\\bar``。 并且一个成员文件名中的所有 " +"``\"..\"`` 都将被移除，例如: ``../../foo../../ba..r`` 将变为 ``foo../ba..r``。 在 Windows" +" 上非法字符 (``:``, ``<``, ``>``, ``|``, ``\"``, ``?``, and ``*``) 会被替换为下划线 " +"(``_``)。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:359 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`extract` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`ValueError`." +" Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised." +msgstr "" +"在已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`extract` 将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 在之前的版本中则将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:363 ../../library/zipfile.rst:386 +msgid "The *path* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*path* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory. " +"*path* specifies a different directory to extract to. *members* is optional" +" and must be a subset of the list returned by :meth:`namelist`. *pwd* is " +"the password used for encrypted files as a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr "" +"从归档中提取出所有成员放入当前工作目录。 *path* 指定一个要放入的不同目录。 *members* 为可选项且必须为 " +":meth:`namelist` 所返回列表的一个子集。 *pwd* 是 :class:`bytes` 对象形式的用于解密已加密文件的密码。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection. It " +"is possible that files are created outside of *path*, e.g. members that have" +" absolute filenames starting with ``\"/\"`` or filenames with two dots " +"``\"..\"``. This module attempts to prevent that. See :meth:`extract` note." +msgstr "" +"绝不要未经预先检验就从不可靠的源中提取归档文件。 这样有可能在 *path* 之外创建文件，例如某些成员具有以 ``\"/\"`` " +"开始的文件名或带有两个点号 ``\"..\"`` 的文件名。 此模块会尝试防止这种情况。 参见 :meth:`extract` 的注释。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`extractall` on a closed ZipFile will raise a " +":exc:`ValueError`. Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised." +msgstr "" +"在已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`extractall` 将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 在之前的版本中则将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:392 +msgid "Print a table of contents for the archive to ``sys.stdout``." +msgstr "将归档的目录表打印到 ``sys.stdout``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:397 +msgid "" +"Set *pwd* (a :class:`bytes` object) as default password to extract encrypted" +" files." +msgstr "将 *pwd* (一个 :class:`bytes` 对象) 设为用于提取已加密文件的默认密码。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Return the bytes of the file *name* in the archive. *name* is the name of " +"the file in the archive, or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. The archive must be " +"open for read or append. *pwd* is the password used for encrypted files as a" +" :class:`bytes` object and, if specified, overrides the default password set" +" with :meth:`setpassword`. Calling :meth:`read` on a ZipFile that uses a " +"compression method other than :const:`ZIP_STORED`, :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED`, " +":const:`ZIP_BZIP2` or :const:`ZIP_LZMA` will raise a " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`. An error will also be raised if the " +"corresponding compression module is not available." +msgstr "" +"返回归档中文件 *name* 的字节数据。 *name* 是归档中文件的名称，或是一个 :class:`ZipInfo` 对象。 " +"归档必须以读取或追加模式打开。 *pwd* 为 :class:`bytes` 对象形式的用于解密已加密文件的密码，并且如果指定了该参数则它将覆盖通过 " +":meth:`setpassword` 设置的默认密码。 在使用 :const:`ZIP_STORED`, :const:`ZIP_DEFLATED`," +" :const:`ZIP_BZIP2` or :const:`ZIP_LZMA` 以外的压缩方法的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`read` " +"将引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。 如果相应的压缩模块不可用也会引发错误。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`read` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. " +"Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised." +msgstr "" +"在已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`read` 将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 在之前的版本中则会引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:418 +msgid "" +"Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC's and file headers. " +"Return the name of the first bad file, or else return ``None``." +msgstr "读取归档中的所有文件并检查它们的 CRC 和文件头。 返回第一个已损坏文件的名称，在其他情况下则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:421 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`testzip` on a closed ZipFile will raise a :exc:`ValueError`." +" Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised." +msgstr "" +"在已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`testzip` 将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 在之前的版本中则将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:429 +msgid "" +"Write the file named *filename* to the archive, giving it the archive name " +"*arcname* (by default, this will be the same as *filename*, but without a " +"drive letter and with leading path separators removed). If given, " +"*compress_type* overrides the value given for the *compression* parameter to" +" the constructor for the new entry. Similarly, *compresslevel* will override" +" the constructor if given. The archive must be open with mode ``'w'``, " +"``'x'`` or ``'a'``." +msgstr "" +"将名为 *filename* 的文件写入归档，给予的归档名为 *arcname* (默认情况下将与 *filename* " +"一致，但是不带驱动器盘符并会移除开头的路径分隔符)。 *compress_type* 如果给出，它将覆盖作为构造器 *compression* " +"形参对于新条目所给出的值。 类似地，*compresslevel* 如果给出也将覆盖构造器。 归档必须使用 ``'w'``, ``'x'`` 或 " +"``'a'`` 模式打开。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:439 +msgid "" +"The ZIP file standard historically did not specify a metadata encoding, but " +"strongly recommended CP437 (the original IBM PC encoding) for " +"interoperability. Recent versions allow use of UTF-8 (only). In this " +"module, UTF-8 will automatically be used to write the member names if they " +"contain any non-ASCII characters. It is not possible to write member names " +"in any encoding other than ASCII or UTF-8." +msgstr "" +"ZIP 文件标准在历史上并未指定元数据编码格式，但是强烈建议使用 CP437（原始 IBM PC 编码格式）来实现互操作性。 最近的版本允许（仅）使用 " +"UTF-8。 在这个模块中，如果成员名称包含任何非 ASCII 字符则将自动使用 UTF-8 来写入它们。 不可能用 ASCII 或 UTF-8 " +"以外的任何其他编码格式来写入成员名称。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:448 +msgid "" +"Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is, they should " +"not start with a path separator." +msgstr "归档名称应当是基于归档根目录的相对路径，也就是说，它们不应以路径分隔符开头。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:453 +msgid "" +"If ``arcname`` (or ``filename``, if ``arcname`` is not given) contains a " +"null byte, the name of the file in the archive will be truncated at the null" +" byte." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``arcname`` (或 ``filename``，如果 ``arcname`` 未给出) " +"包含一个空字节，则归档中该文件的名称将在空字节位置被截断。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:458 +msgid "" +"A leading slash in the filename may lead to the archive being impossible to " +"open in some zip programs on Windows systems." +msgstr "文件名开头有一个斜杠可能导致存档文件无法在 Windows 系统上的某些 zip 程序中打开。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:461 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`write` on a ZipFile created with mode ``'r'`` or a closed " +"ZipFile will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"was raised." +msgstr "" +"在使用 ``'r'`` 模式创建的 ZipFile 或已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`write` 将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 在之前的版本中则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Write a file into the archive. The contents is *data*, which may be either " +"a :class:`str` or a :class:`bytes` instance; if it is a :class:`str`, it is " +"encoded as UTF-8 first. *zinfo_or_arcname* is either the file name it will " +"be given in the archive, or a :class:`ZipInfo` instance. If it's an " +"instance, at least the filename, date, and time must be given. If it's a " +"name, the date and time is set to the current date and time. The archive " +"must be opened with mode ``'w'``, ``'x'`` or ``'a'``." +msgstr "" +"将一个文件写入归档。 内容为 *data*，它可以是一个 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 的实例；如果是 " +":class:`str`，则会先使用 UTF-8 进行编码。 *zinfo_or_arcname* 可以是它在归档中将被给予的名称，或者是 " +":class:`ZipInfo` 的实例。 如果它是一个实例，则至少必须给定文件名、日期和时间。 如果它是一个名称，则日期和时间会被设为当前日期和时间。" +" 归档必须以 ``'w'``, ``'x'`` 或 ``'a'`` 模式打开。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:478 +msgid "" +"If given, *compress_type* overrides the value given for the *compression* " +"parameter to the constructor for the new entry, or in the *zinfo_or_arcname*" +" (if that is a :class:`ZipInfo` instance). Similarly, *compresslevel* will " +"override the constructor if given." +msgstr "" +"如果给定了 *compress_type*，它将会覆盖作为新条目构造器的 *compression* 形参或在 *zinfo_or_arcname* " +"(如果是一个 :class:`ZipInfo` 实例) 中所给出的值。 类似地，如果给定了 *compresslevel*，它将会覆盖构造器。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:485 +msgid "" +"When passing a :class:`ZipInfo` instance as the *zinfo_or_arcname* " +"parameter, the compression method used will be that specified in the " +"*compress_type* member of the given :class:`ZipInfo` instance. By default, " +"the :class:`ZipInfo` constructor sets this member to :const:`ZIP_STORED`." +msgstr "" +"当传入一个 :class:`ZipInfo` 实例作为 *zinfo_or_arcname* 形参时，所使用的压缩方法将为在给定的 " +":class:`ZipInfo` 实例的 *compress_type* 成员中指定的方法。 默认情况下，:class:`ZipInfo` " +"构造器将将此成员设为 :const:`ZIP_STORED`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:490 +msgid "The *compress_type* argument." +msgstr "*compress_type* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Calling :meth:`writestr` on a ZipFile created with mode ``'r'`` or a closed " +"ZipFile will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"was raised." +msgstr "" +"在使用 ``'r'`` 模式创建的 ZipFile 或已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 :meth:`writestr` 将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 在之前的版本中则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:500 +msgid "" +"Create a directory inside the archive. If *zinfo_or_directory* is a string," +" a directory is created inside the archive with the mode that is specified " +"in the *mode* argument. If, however, *zinfo_or_directory* is a " +":class:`ZipInfo` instance then the *mode* argument is ignored." +msgstr "" +"在归档文件内创建一个目录。 如果 *zinfo_or_directory* 是一个字符串，则会在归档文件中以 *mode* 参数指定的模式创建目录。 " +"但是，如果 *zinfo_or_directory* 是一个 :class:`ZipInfo` 实例则 *mode* 参数将被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:505 +msgid "The archive must be opened with mode ``'w'``, ``'x'`` or ``'a'``." +msgstr "归档文件必须以 ``'w'``, ``'x'`` 或 ``'a'`` 模式打开。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:510 +msgid "The following data attributes are also available:" +msgstr "以下数据属性也是可用的:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:514 +msgid "Name of the ZIP file." +msgstr "ZIP 文件的名称。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:518 +msgid "" +"The level of debug output to use. This may be set from ``0`` (the default, " +"no output) to ``3`` (the most output). Debugging information is written to " +"``sys.stdout``." +msgstr "" +"要使用的调试输出等级。 这可以设为从 ``0`` (默认无输出) 到 ``3`` (最多输出) 的值。 调试信息会被写入 ``sys.stdout``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:524 +msgid "" +"The comment associated with the ZIP file as a :class:`bytes` object. If " +"assigning a comment to a :class:`ZipFile` instance created with mode " +"``'w'``, ``'x'`` or ``'a'``, it should be no longer than 65535 bytes. " +"Comments longer than this will be truncated." +msgstr "" +"关联到 ZIP 文件的 :class:`bytes` 对象形式的说明。 如果将说明赋给以 ``'w'``, ``'x'`` 或 ``'a'`` " +"模式创建的 :class:`ZipFile` 实例，它的长度不应超过 65535 字节。 超过此长度的说明将被截断。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:534 +msgid "Path Objects" +msgstr "Path 对象" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Construct a Path object from a ``root`` zipfile (which may be a " +":class:`ZipFile` instance or ``file`` suitable for passing to the " +":class:`ZipFile` constructor)." +msgstr "" +"根据 ``root`` zipfile (它可以是一个 :class:`ZipFile` 实例或适合传给 :class:`ZipFile` 构造器的 " +"``file``) 构造一个 Path 对象。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:542 +msgid "" +"``at`` specifies the location of this Path within the zipfile, e.g. " +"'dir/file.txt', 'dir/', or ''. Defaults to the empty string, indicating the " +"root." +msgstr "" +"``at`` 指定此 Path 在 zipfile 中的位置，例如 'dir/file.txt', 'dir/' 或 ''。 " +"默认为空字符串，即指定跟目录。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:547 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Path` class does not sanitize filenames within the ZIP archive. " +"Unlike the :meth:`ZipFile.extract` and :meth:`ZipFile.extractall` methods, " +"it is the caller's responsibility to validate or sanitize filenames to " +"prevent path traversal vulnerabilities (e.g., filenames containing \"..\" or" +" absolute paths). When handling untrusted archives, consider resolving " +"filenames using :func:`os.path.abspath` and checking against the target " +"directory with :func:`os.path.commonpath`." +msgstr "" +":class:`Path` 类不会对 ZIP 归档内的文件名做无害化处理。 不同于 :meth:`ZipFile.extract` 和 " +":meth:`ZipFile.extractall` 方法，对文件名做验证或无害化处理以防止路径遍历漏洞（例如包含 \"..\" " +"或绝对路径的文件名）是调用方的责任。 当处理不受信任的归档时，请考虑使用 :func:`os.path.abspath` 来解析文件名并使用 " +":func:`os.path.commonpath` 来检查目标路径。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Path objects expose the following features of :mod:`pathlib.Path` objects:" +msgstr "Path 对象会公开 :mod:`pathlib.Path` 对象的下列特性:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:557 +msgid "Path objects are traversable using the ``/`` operator or ``joinpath``." +msgstr "Path 对象可以使用 ``/`` 运算符或 ``joinpath`` 来进行遍历。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:561 +msgid "The final path component." +msgstr "最终的路径组成部分。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:565 +msgid "" +"Invoke :meth:`ZipFile.open` on the current path. Allows opening for read or " +"write, text or binary through supported modes: 'r', 'w', 'rb', 'wb'. " +"Positional and keyword arguments are passed through to " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` when opened as text and ignored otherwise. ``pwd``" +" is the ``pwd`` parameter to :meth:`ZipFile.open`." +msgstr "" +"在当前路径上唤起 :meth:`ZipFile.open`。 允许通过支持的模式打开用于读取或写入文本或二进制数据: 'r', 'w', 'rb', " +"'wb'。 当以文本模式打开时位置和关键字参数会被传给 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`，在其他情况下则会被忽略。 ``pwd`` " +"是要传给 :meth:`ZipFile.open` 的 ``pwd`` 形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:574 +msgid "" +"Added support for text and binary modes for open. Default mode is now text." +msgstr "增加了对以文本和二进制模式打开的支持。 现在默认为文本模式。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:578 ../../library/zipfile.rst:639 +msgid "" +"The ``encoding`` parameter can be supplied as a positional argument without " +"causing a :exc:`TypeError`. As it could in 3.9. Code needing to be " +"compatible with unpatched 3.10 and 3.11 versions must pass all " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` arguments, ``encoding`` included, as keywords." +msgstr "" +"``encoding`` 形参可以作为位置参数来提供而不会引起 :exc:`TypeError`。 这种情况在 3.9 中是会发生的。 需要与未打补丁的" +" 3.10 和 3.11 版保持兼容的代码必须将所有 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 参数，包括 ``encoding`` " +"作为关键字参数传入。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:586 +msgid "Enumerate the children of the current directory." +msgstr "枚举当前目录的子目录。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:590 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the current context references a directory." +msgstr "如果当前上下文引用了一个目录则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:594 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the current context references a file." +msgstr "如果当前上下文引用了一个文件则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:598 +msgid "Return ``True`` if the current context references a symbolic link." +msgstr "如果当前上下文引用了一个符号链接则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:602 +msgid "Previously, ``is_symlink`` would unconditionally return ``False``." +msgstr "在之前版本中，``is_symlink`` 将无条件地返回 ``False``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:607 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the current context references a file or directory in the" +" zip file." +msgstr "如果当前上下文引用了 zip 文件内的一个文件或目录则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:612 +msgid "" +"The last dot-separated portion of the final component, if any. This is " +"commonly called the file extension." +msgstr "最终组件末尾的以点号分隔的部分，如果存在的话。 这通常被称为文件扩展名。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:615 +msgid "Added :data:`Path.suffix` property." +msgstr "添加了 :data:`Path.suffix` 特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:620 +msgid "The final path component, without its suffix." +msgstr "路径的末尾部分，不带文件后缀。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:622 +msgid "Added :data:`Path.stem` property." +msgstr "添加了 :data:`Path.stem` 特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:627 +msgid "A list of the path’s suffixes, commonly called file extensions." +msgstr "由路径后缀组成的列表，通常被称为文件扩展名。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:629 +msgid "Added :data:`Path.suffixes` property." +msgstr "添加了 :data:`Path.suffixes` 特征属性。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:634 +msgid "" +"Read the current file as unicode text. Positional and keyword arguments are " +"passed through to :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` (except ``buffer``, which is " +"implied by the context)." +msgstr "" +"读取当前文件为 unicode 文本。 位置和关键字参数会被传递给 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` (``buffer`` " +"除外，它将由上下文确定)。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:647 +msgid "Read the current file as bytes." +msgstr "读取当前文件为字节串。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:651 +msgid "" +"Return a new Path object with each of the *other* arguments joined. The " +"following are equivalent::" +msgstr "返回一个新的 Path 对象，其中合并了每个 *other* 参数。 以下代码是等价的::" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:654 +msgid "" +">>> Path(...).joinpath('child').joinpath('grandchild')\n" +">>> Path(...).joinpath('child', 'grandchild')\n" +">>> Path(...) / 'child' / 'grandchild'" +msgstr "" +">>> Path(...).joinpath('child').joinpath('grandchild')\n" +">>> Path(...).joinpath('child', 'grandchild')\n" +">>> Path(...) / 'child' / 'grandchild'" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:658 +msgid "" +"Prior to 3.10, ``joinpath`` was undocumented and accepted exactly one " +"parameter." +msgstr "在 3.10 之前，``joinpath`` 未被写入文档并且只接受一个形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:662 +msgid "" +"The :pypi:`zipp` project provides backports of the latest path object " +"functionality to older Pythons. Use ``zipp.Path`` in place of " +"``zipfile.Path`` for early access to changes." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`zipp` 项目向较旧版本的 Python 提供了最新路径对象功能的向下移植。 为尽早应用这些改变请使用 ``zipp.Path`` " +"来替代 ``zipfile.Path``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:670 +msgid "PyZipFile Objects" +msgstr "PyZipFile 对象" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:672 +msgid "" +"The :class:`PyZipFile` constructor takes the same parameters as the " +":class:`ZipFile` constructor, and one additional parameter, *optimize*." +msgstr "" +":class:`PyZipFile` 构造器接受与 :class:`ZipFile` 构造器相同的形参，以及一个额外的形参 *optimize*。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:678 +msgid "Added the *optimize* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *optimize* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Instances have one method in addition to those of :class:`ZipFile` objects:" +msgstr "实例在 :class:`ZipFile` 对象所具有的方法以外还附加了一个方法:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:688 +msgid "" +"Search for files :file:`\\*.py` and add the corresponding file to the " +"archive." +msgstr "查找 :file:`\\*.py` 文件并将相应的文件添加到归档。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:691 +msgid "" +"If the *optimize* parameter to :class:`PyZipFile` was not given or ``-1``, " +"the corresponding file is a :file:`\\*.pyc` file, compiling if necessary." +msgstr "" +"如果 :class:`PyZipFile` 的 *optimize* 形参未给定或为 ``-1``，则相应的文件为 :file:`\\*.pyc` " +"文件，并在必要时进行编译。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:694 +msgid "" +"If the *optimize* parameter to :class:`PyZipFile` was ``0``, ``1`` or ``2``," +" only files with that optimization level (see :func:`compile`) are added to " +"the archive, compiling if necessary." +msgstr "" +"如果 :class:`PyZipFile` 的 *optimize* 形参为 ``0``, ``1`` 或 ``2``，则限具有相应优化级别 (参见 " +":func:`compile`) 的文件会被添加到归档，并在必要时进行编译。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:698 +msgid "" +"If *pathname* is a file, the filename must end with :file:`.py`, and just " +"the (corresponding :file:`\\*.pyc`) file is added at the top level (no path " +"information). If *pathname* is a file that does not end with :file:`.py`, a" +" :exc:`RuntimeError` will be raised. If it is a directory, and the " +"directory is not a package directory, then all the files :file:`\\*.pyc` are" +" added at the top level. If the directory is a package directory, then all " +":file:`\\*.pyc` are added under the package name as a file path, and if any " +"subdirectories are package directories, all of these are added recursively " +"in sorted order." +msgstr "" +"如果 *pathname* 是文件，则文件名必须以 :file:`.py` 为后缀，并且只有 (相应的 :file:`\\*.pyc`) " +"文件会被添加到最高层级（不带路径信息）。 如果 *pathname* 不是以 :file:`.py` 为后缀的文件，则将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。 如果它是目录，并且该目录不是一个包目录，则所有的 :file:`\\*.pyc` 文件会被添加到最高层级。 " +"如果目录是一个包目录，则所有的 :file:`\\*.pyc` " +"会被添加到包名所表示的文件路径下，并且如果有任何子目录为包目录，则会以排好的顺序递归地添加这些目录。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:708 +msgid "*basename* is intended for internal use only." +msgstr "*basename* 仅限在内部使用。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:710 +msgid "" +"*filterfunc*, if given, must be a function taking a single string argument." +" It will be passed each path (including each individual full file path) " +"before it is added to the archive. If *filterfunc* returns a false value, " +"the path will not be added, and if it is a directory its contents will be " +"ignored. For example, if our test files are all either in ``test`` " +"directories or start with the string ``test_``, we can use a *filterfunc* to" +" exclude them::" +msgstr "" +"如果给定 *filterfunc*，则它必须是一个接受单个字符串参数的函数。 在将其添加到归档之前它将被传入每个路径（包括每个单独的完整路径）。 如果 " +"*filterfunc* 返回假值，则路径将不会被添加，而如果它是一个目录则其内容将被忽略。 例如，如果我们的测试文件全都位于 ``test`` " +"目录或以字符串 ``test_`` 打头，则我们可以使用一个 *filterfunc* 来排除它们::" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:718 +msgid "" +">>> zf = PyZipFile('myprog.zip')\n" +">>> def notests(s):\n" +"... fn = os.path.basename(s)\n" +"... return (not (fn == 'test' or fn.startswith('test_')))\n" +"...\n" +">>> zf.writepy('myprog', filterfunc=notests)" +msgstr "" +">>> zf = PyZipFile('myprog.zip')\n" +">>> def notests(s):\n" +"... fn = os.path.basename(s)\n" +"... return (not (fn == 'test' or fn.startswith('test_')))\n" +"...\n" +">>> zf.writepy('myprog', filterfunc=notests)" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:725 +msgid "The :meth:`writepy` method makes archives with file names like this::" +msgstr ":meth:`writepy` 方法会产生带有这样一些文件名的归档::" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:728 +msgid "" +"string.pyc # Top level name\n" +"test/__init__.pyc # Package directory\n" +"test/testall.pyc # Module test.testall\n" +"test/bogus/__init__.pyc # Subpackage directory\n" +"test/bogus/myfile.pyc # Submodule test.bogus.myfile" +msgstr "" +"string.pyc # 最高层级名称\n" +"test/__init__.pyc # 包目录\n" +"test/testall.pyc # 模块 test.testall\n" +"test/bogus/__init__.pyc # 子包目录\n" +"test/bogus/myfile.pyc # 子模块 test.bogus.myfile" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:734 +msgid "Added the *filterfunc* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *filterfunc* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:737 +msgid "The *pathname* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*pathname* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:740 +msgid "Recursion sorts directory entries." +msgstr "递归排序目录条目。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:747 +msgid "ZipInfo Objects" +msgstr "ZipInfo 对象" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:749 +msgid "" +"Instances of the :class:`ZipInfo` class are returned by the :meth:`.getinfo`" +" and :meth:`.infolist` methods of :class:`ZipFile` objects. Each object " +"stores information about a single member of the ZIP archive." +msgstr "" +":class:`ZipInfo` 类的实例会通过 :meth:`.getinfo` 和 :class:`ZipFile` 对象的 " +":meth:`.infolist` 方法返回。 每个对象将存储关于 ZIP 归档的一个成员的信息。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:753 +msgid "" +"There is one classmethod to make a :class:`ZipInfo` instance for a " +"filesystem file:" +msgstr "有一个类方法可以为文件系统文件创建 :class:`ZipInfo` 实例:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:759 +msgid "" +"Construct a :class:`ZipInfo` instance for a file on the filesystem, in " +"preparation for adding it to a zip file." +msgstr "为文件系统中的文件构造一个 :class:`ZipInfo` 实例，并准备将其添加到一个 zip 文件。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:762 +msgid "" +"*filename* should be the path to a file or directory on the filesystem." +msgstr "*filename* 应为文件系统中某个文件或目录的路径。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:764 +msgid "" +"If *arcname* is specified, it is used as the name within the archive. If " +"*arcname* is not specified, the name will be the same as *filename*, but " +"with any drive letter and leading path separators removed." +msgstr "" +"如果指定了 *arcname*，它会被用作归档中的名称。 如果未指定 *arcname*，则所用名称与 *filename* " +"相同，但将去除任何驱动器盘符和打头的路径分隔符。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:776 +msgid "The *filename* parameter accepts a :term:`path-like object`." +msgstr "*filename* 形参接受一个 :term:`path-like object`。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:779 +msgid "Added the *strict_timestamps* keyword-only parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *strict_timestamps* 仅限关键字形参。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:783 +msgid "Instances have the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr "实例具有下列方法和属性:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:787 +msgid "Return ``True`` if this archive member is a directory." +msgstr "如果此归档成员是一个目录则返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:789 +msgid "This uses the entry's name: directories should always end with ``/``." +msgstr "这会使用条目的名称：目录应当总是以 ``/`` 结尾。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:796 +msgid "Name of the file in the archive." +msgstr "归档中的文件名称。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:801 +msgid "" +"The time and date of the last modification to the archive member. This is a" +" tuple of six values:" +msgstr "上次修改存档成员的时间和日期。这是六个值的元组：" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:805 +msgid "Index" +msgstr "索引" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:805 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:807 +msgid "``0``" +msgstr "``0``" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:807 +msgid "Year (>= 1980)" +msgstr " 年 (>= 1980)" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:809 +msgid "``1``" +msgstr "``1``" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:809 +msgid "Month (one-based)" +msgstr "月（1为基数）" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:811 +msgid "``2``" +msgstr "``2``" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:811 +msgid "Day of month (one-based)" +msgstr "月份中的日期（1为基数）" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:813 +msgid "``3``" +msgstr "``3``" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:813 +msgid "Hours (zero-based)" +msgstr "小时（0为基数）" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:815 +msgid "``4``" +msgstr "``4``" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:815 +msgid "Minutes (zero-based)" +msgstr "分钟（0为基数）" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:817 +msgid "``5``" +msgstr "``5``" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:817 +msgid "Seconds (zero-based)" +msgstr "秒（0为基数）" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:822 +msgid "The ZIP file format does not support timestamps before 1980." +msgstr "ZIP文件格式不支持1980年以前的时间戳。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:827 +msgid "Type of compression for the archive member." +msgstr "归档成员的压缩类型。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:832 +msgid "Comment for the individual archive member as a :class:`bytes` object." +msgstr ":class:`bytes` 对象形式的单个归档成员的注释。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:837 +msgid "" +"Expansion field data. The `PKZIP Application Note`_ contains some comments " +"on the internal structure of the data contained in this :class:`bytes` " +"object." +msgstr "" +"扩展字段数据。 `PKZIP Application Note`_ 包含一些保存于该 :class:`bytes` 对象中的内部结构的注释。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:844 +msgid "System which created ZIP archive." +msgstr "创建 ZIP 归档所用的系统。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:849 +msgid "PKZIP version which created ZIP archive." +msgstr "创建 ZIP 归档所用的 PKZIP 版本。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:854 +msgid "PKZIP version needed to extract archive." +msgstr "需要用来提取归档的 PKZIP 版本。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:859 +msgid "Must be zero." +msgstr "必须为零。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:864 +msgid "ZIP flag bits." +msgstr "ZIP 标志位。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:869 +msgid "Volume number of file header." +msgstr "文件头的分卷号。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:874 +msgid "Internal attributes." +msgstr "内部属性。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:879 +msgid "External file attributes." +msgstr "外部文件属性。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:884 +msgid "Byte offset to the file header." +msgstr "文件头的字节偏移量。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:889 +msgid "CRC-32 of the uncompressed file." +msgstr "未压缩文件的 CRC-32。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:894 +msgid "Size of the compressed data." +msgstr "已压缩数据的大小。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:899 +msgid "Size of the uncompressed file." +msgstr "未压缩文件的大小。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:906 +msgid "Command-Line Interface" +msgstr "命令行接口" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:908 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zipfile` module provides a simple command-line interface to " +"interact with ZIP archives." +msgstr ":mod:`zipfile` 模块提供了简单的命令行接口用于与 ZIP 归档的交互。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:911 +msgid "" +"If you want to create a new ZIP archive, specify its name after the " +":option:`-c` option and then list the filename(s) that should be included:" +msgstr "如果你想要创建一个新的 ZIP 归档，请在 :option:`-c` 选项后指定其名称然后列出应当被包含的文件名:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:914 +msgid "$ python -m zipfile -c monty.zip spam.txt eggs.txt" +msgstr "$ python -m zipfile -c monty.zip spam.txt eggs.txt" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:918 +msgid "Passing a directory is also acceptable:" +msgstr "传入一个目录也是可接受的:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:920 +msgid "$ python -m zipfile -c monty.zip life-of-brian_1979/" +msgstr "$ python -m zipfile -c monty.zip life-of-brian_1979/" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:924 +msgid "" +"If you want to extract a ZIP archive into the specified directory, use the " +":option:`-e` option:" +msgstr "如果你想要将一个 ZIP 归档提取到指定的目录，请使用 :option:`-e` 选项:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:927 +msgid "$ python -m zipfile -e monty.zip target-dir/" +msgstr "$ python -m zipfile -e monty.zip target-dir/" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:931 +msgid "For a list of the files in a ZIP archive, use the :option:`-l` option:" +msgstr "要获取一个 ZIP 归档中的文件列表，请使用 :option:`-l` 选项:" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:933 +msgid "$ python -m zipfile -l monty.zip" +msgstr "$ python -m zipfile -l monty.zip" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:939 +msgid "Command-line options" +msgstr "命令行选项" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:944 +msgid "List files in a zipfile." +msgstr "列出一个 zipfile 中的文件名。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:949 +msgid "Create zipfile from source files." +msgstr "基于源文件创建 zipfile。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:954 +msgid "Extract zipfile into target directory." +msgstr "将 zipfile 提取到目标目录中。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:959 +msgid "Test whether the zipfile is valid or not." +msgstr "检测 zipfile 是否有效。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:963 +msgid "" +"Specify encoding of member names for :option:`-l`, :option:`-e` and " +":option:`-t`." +msgstr "为 :option:`-l`, :option:`-e` 和 :option:`-t` 指定成员名称的编码格式。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:970 +msgid "Decompression pitfalls" +msgstr "解压缩的障碍" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:972 +msgid "" +"The extraction in zipfile module might fail due to some pitfalls listed " +"below." +msgstr "zipfile 模块的提取操作可能会由于下面列出的障碍而失败。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:975 +msgid "From file itself" +msgstr "由于文件本身" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:977 +msgid "" +"Decompression may fail due to incorrect password / CRC checksum / ZIP format" +" or unsupported compression method / decryption." +msgstr "解压缩可能由于不正确的密码 / CRC 校验和 / ZIP 格式或不受支持的压缩 / 解密方法而失败。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:981 +msgid "File System limitations" +msgstr "文件系统限制" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Exceeding limitations on different file systems can cause decompression " +"failed. Such as allowable characters in the directory entries, length of the" +" file name, length of the pathname, size of a single file, and number of " +"files, etc." +msgstr "超出特定文件系统上的限制可能会导致解压缩失败。 例如目录条目所允许的字符、文件名的长度、路径名的长度、单个文件的大小以及文件的数量等等。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:990 +msgid "Resources limitations" +msgstr "资源限制" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:992 +msgid "" +"The lack of memory or disk volume would lead to decompression failed. For " +"example, decompression bombs (aka `ZIP bomb`_) apply to zipfile library that" +" can cause disk volume exhaustion." +msgstr "" +"缺乏内存或磁盘空间将会导致解压缩失败。 例如，作用于 zipfile 库的解压缩炸弹 (即 `ZIP bomb`_) 就可能造成磁盘空间耗尽。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:997 +msgid "Interruption" +msgstr "中断" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:999 +msgid "" +"Interruption during the decompression, such as pressing control-C or killing" +" the decompression process may result in incomplete decompression of the " +"archive." +msgstr "在解压缩期间中断执行，例如按下 ctrl-C 或杀死解压缩进程可能会导致归档文件的解压缩不完整。" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:1003 +msgid "Default behaviors of extraction" +msgstr "提取的默认行为" + +#: ../../library/zipfile.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"Not knowing the default extraction behaviors can cause unexpected " +"decompression results. For example, when extracting the same archive twice, " +"it overwrites files without asking." +msgstr "不了解提取的默认行为可能导致不符合期望的解压缩结果。 例如，当提取相同归档两次时，它会不经询问地覆盖文件。" diff --git a/library/zipimport.po b/library/zipimport.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64a449dfb --- /dev/null +++ b/library/zipimport.po @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!zipimport` --- Import modules from Zip archives" +msgstr ":mod:`!zipimport` --- 从 Zip 归档导入模块" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:9 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/zipimport.py`" +msgstr "**源代码：** :source:`Lib/zipimport.py`" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:13 +msgid "" +"This module adds the ability to import Python modules (:file:`\\*.py`, " +":file:`\\*.pyc`) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not " +"needed to use the :mod:`zipimport` module explicitly; it is automatically " +"used by the built-in :keyword:`import` mechanism for :data:`sys.path` items " +"that are paths to ZIP archives." +msgstr "" +"此模块添加了从 ZIP 格式档案中导入 Python 模块（ :file:`\\*.py` ， :file:`\\*.pyc` " +"）和包的能力。通常不需要明确地使用 :mod:`zipimport` 模块，内置的 :keyword:`import` 机制会自动将此模块用于 ZIP " +"档案路径的 :data:`sys.path` 项目上。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Typically, :data:`sys.path` is a list of directory names as strings. This " +"module also allows an item of :data:`sys.path` to be a string naming a ZIP " +"file archive. The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to " +"support package imports, and a path within the archive can be specified to " +"only import from a subdirectory. For example, the path " +":file:`example.zip/lib/` would only import from the :file:`lib/` " +"subdirectory within the archive." +msgstr "" +"通常， :data:`sys.path` 是字符串的目录名称列表。此模块同样允许 :data:`sys.path` 的一项成为命名 ZIP " +"文件档案的字符串。 ZIP 档案可以容纳子目录结构去支持包的导入，并且可以将归档文件中的路径指定为仅从子目录导入。比如说，路径 " +":file:`example.zip/lib/` 将只会从档案中的 :file:`lib/` 子目录导入。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but importers are only invoked " +"for :file:`.py` and :file:`.pyc` files. ZIP import of dynamic modules " +"(:file:`.pyd`, :file:`.so`) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only " +"contains :file:`.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by" +" adding the corresponding :file:`.pyc` file, meaning that if a ZIP archive " +"doesn't contain :file:`.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow." +msgstr "" +"任何文件都可以放到 ZIP 档案中，但只有 :file:`.py` 和 :file:`.pyc` 文件会触发导入器操作。 动态模块 " +"(:file:`.pyd`, :file:`.so`) 的 ZIP 导入是不被允许的。 请注意如果一个档案只包含有 :file:`.py` 文件，那么 " +"Python 将不会尝试通过添加对应的 :file:`.pyc` 文件来修改档案，这意味着如果一个 ZIP 档案不包含 :file:`.pyc` " +"文件，则导入速度可能会相当慢。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:33 +msgid "ZIP64 is supported" +msgstr "已支持 ZIP64" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:36 +msgid "Previously, ZIP archives with an archive comment were not supported." +msgstr "以前，不支持带有档案注释的 ZIP 档案。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:41 +msgid "" +"`PKZIP Application Note " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"`PKZIP Application Note " +"`_" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format" +" and algorithms used." +msgstr "Phil Katz 编写的 ZIP 文件格式文档，此格式和使用的算法的创建者。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:45 +msgid ":pep:`273` - Import Modules from Zip Archives" +msgstr ":pep:`273` -  从ZIP压缩包导入模块" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python " +"2.3 follows the specification in :pep:`273`, but uses an implementation " +"written by Just van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in " +":pep:`302`." +msgstr "" +"由 James C. Ahlstrom 编写，他也提供了实现。 Python 2.3 遵循 :pep:`273` 的规范，但是使用 Just van " +"Rossum 编写的使用了 :pep:`302` 中描述的导入钩的实现。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:50 +msgid ":mod:`importlib` - The implementation of the import machinery" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib` - 导入机制的实现" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Package providing the relevant protocols for all importers to implement." +msgstr "为所有导入器的实现提供相关协议的包。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:55 +msgid "This module defines an exception:" +msgstr "此模块定义了一个异常：" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:59 +msgid "" +"Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It's a subclass of " +":exc:`ImportError`, so it can be caught as :exc:`ImportError`, too." +msgstr "" +"异常由 zipimporter 对象引发。这是 :exc:`ImportError` 的子类，因此，也可以捕获为 :exc:`ImportError` " +"。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:66 +msgid "zipimporter Objects" +msgstr "zipimporter 对象" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:68 +msgid ":class:`zipimporter` is the class for importing ZIP files." +msgstr ":class:`zipimporter` 是用于导入 ZIP 文件的类。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Create a new zipimporter instance. *archivepath* must be a path to a ZIP " +"file, or to a specific path within a ZIP file. For example, an " +"*archivepath* of :file:`foo/bar.zip/lib` will look for modules in the " +":file:`lib` directory inside the ZIP file :file:`foo/bar.zip` (provided that" +" it exists)." +msgstr "" +"创建新的 zipimporter 实例。 *archivepath* 必须是指向 ZIP 文件的路径，或者 ZIP 文件中的特定路径。例如， " +":file:`foo/bar.zip/lib` 的 *archivepath* 将在 ZIP 文件 :file:`foo/bar.zip` 中的 " +":file:`lib` 目录中查找模块（只要它存在）。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:77 +msgid "" +":exc:`ZipImportError` is raised if *archivepath* doesn't point to a valid " +"ZIP archive." +msgstr "如果 *archivepath* 没有指向一个有效的 ZIP 档案，引发 :exc:`ZipImportError` 。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Methods ``find_loader()`` and ``find_module()``, deprecated in 3.10 are now " +"removed. Use :meth:`find_spec` instead." +msgstr "" +"在 3.10 中已弃用的 ``find_loader()`` 和 ``find_module()`` 方法现在已被移除。 请改用 " +":meth:`find_spec`。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` that returns " +":const:`None` to explicitly request the default semantics." +msgstr "" +"返回 :const:`None` 来显式地请求默认语义的 :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` 实现。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:95 +msgid "Implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`." +msgstr ":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` 的实现。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:102 +msgid "An implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec`." +msgstr ":meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` 的实现。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Return the code object for the specified module. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError`" +" if the module couldn't be imported." +msgstr "返回指定模块的代码对象。 如果模块无法被导入则引发 :exc:`ZipImportError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Return the data associated with *pathname*. Raise :exc:`OSError` if the file" +" wasn't found." +msgstr "返回与 *pathname* 相关联的数据。如果不能找到文件则引发 :exc:`OSError` 错误。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:118 +msgid "" +":exc:`IOError` used to be raised, it is now an alias of :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "过去触发的 :exc:`IOError`，现在是 :exc:`OSError` 的别名。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:124 +msgid "" +"Return the value ``__file__`` would be set to if the specified module was " +"imported. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be imported." +msgstr "" +"返回如果指定模块被导入则应当要设置的 ``__file__`` 值。 如果模块无法被导入则引发 :exc:`ZipImportError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Return the source code for the specified module. Raise :exc:`ZipImportError`" +" if the module couldn't be found, return :const:`None` if the archive does " +"contain the module, but has no source for it." +msgstr "" +"返回指定模块的源代码。如果没有找到模块则引发 :exc:`ZipImportError` ，如果档案包含模块但是没有源代码，返回 " +":const:`None` 。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Return ``True`` if the module specified by *fullname* is a package. Raise " +":exc:`ZipImportError` if the module couldn't be found." +msgstr "" +"如果由 *fullname* 指定的模块是一个包则返回 ``True`` 。如果不能找到模块则引发 :exc:`ZipImportError` 错误。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Load the module specified by *fullname*. *fullname* must be the fully " +"qualified (dotted) module name. Returns the imported module on success, " +"raises :exc:`ZipImportError` on failure." +msgstr "" +"导入由 *fullname* 所指定的模块。 *fullname* 必须为（带点号的）完整限定名称。 成功时返回导入的模块，失败时引发 " +":exc:`ZipImportError`。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:153 +msgid "Use :meth:`exec_module` instead." +msgstr "使用 :meth:`exec_module` 来代替。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:158 +msgid "" +"Clear out the internal cache of information about files found within the ZIP" +" archive." +msgstr "清除在 ZIP 归档文件中找到的相关文件信息的内部缓存。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:166 +msgid "" +"The file name of the importer's associated ZIP file, without a possible " +"subpath." +msgstr "导入器关联的 ZIP 文件的文件名，没有可能的子路径。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:172 +msgid "" +"The subpath within the ZIP file where modules are searched. This is the " +"empty string for zipimporter objects which point to the root of the ZIP " +"file." +msgstr "ZIP 文件中搜索的模块的子路径。这是一个指向 ZIP 文件根目录的 zipimporter 对象的空字符串。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:176 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`archive` and :attr:`prefix` attributes, when combined with a " +"slash, equal the original *archivepath* argument given to the " +":class:`zipimporter` constructor." +msgstr "" +"当与斜杠结合使用时， :attr:`archive` 和 :attr:`prefix` 属性等价于赋予 :class:`zipimporter` " +"构造器的原始 *archivepath* 参数。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:184 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the " +":mod:`zipimport` module is not explicitly used." +msgstr "这是一个从 ZIP 档案中导入模块的例子 - 请注意 :mod:`zipimport` 模块不需要明确地使用。" + +#: ../../library/zipimport.rst:189 +msgid "" +"$ unzip -l example.zip\n" +"Archive: example.zip\n" +" Length Date Time Name\n" +" -------- ---- ---- ----\n" +" 8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py\n" +" -------- -------\n" +" 8467 1 file\n" +"$ ./python\n" +"Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip') # Add .zip file to front of path\n" +">>> import jwzthreading\n" +">>> jwzthreading.__file__\n" +"'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'" +msgstr "" +"$ unzip -l example.zip\n" +"Archive: example.zip\n" +" Length Date Time Name\n" +" -------- ---- ---- ----\n" +" 8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py\n" +" -------- -------\n" +" 8467 1 file\n" +"$ ./python\n" +"Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip') # 将 .zip 文件添加到 path 的开头\n" +">>> import jwzthreading\n" +">>> jwzthreading.__file__\n" +"'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'" diff --git a/library/zlib.po b/library/zlib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8adb25447 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/zlib.po @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:18+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!zlib` --- Compression compatible with :program:`gzip`" +msgstr ":mod:`!zlib` --- 与 :program:`gzip` 兼容的压缩" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:10 +msgid "" +"For applications that require data compression, the functions in this module" +" allow compression and decompression, using the zlib library. The zlib " +"library has its own home page at https://www.zlib.net. There are known " +"incompatibilities between the Python module and versions of the zlib library" +" earlier than 1.1.3; 1.1.3 has a `security vulnerability " +"`_, so we recommend using 1.1.4 or " +"later." +msgstr "" +"对于需要数据压缩的应用，此模块中的函数允许使用 zlib 库进行压缩和解压缩。 zlib 库的项目主页是 https://www.zlib.net。 " +"已知此 Python 模块与 1.1.3 之前版本的 zlib 库存在不兼容；1.1.3 版则存在一个 `安全缺陷 " +"`_，因此我们推荐使用 1.1.4 或更新的版本。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:17 +msgid "" +"zlib's functions have many options and often need to be used in a particular" +" order. This documentation doesn't attempt to cover all of the " +"permutations; consult the zlib manual at http://www.zlib.net/manual.html for" +" authoritative information." +msgstr "" +"zlib 的函数有很多选项，一般需要按特定顺序使用。本文档没有覆盖全部的用法。更多详细信息请于 " +"http://www.zlib.net/manual.html 参阅官方手册。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:22 +msgid "For reading and writing ``.gz`` files see the :mod:`gzip` module." +msgstr "要读写 ``.gz`` 格式的文件，请参考 :mod:`gzip` 模块。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:24 +msgid "The available exception and functions in this module are:" +msgstr "此模块中可用的异常和函数如下：" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:29 +msgid "Exception raised on compression and decompression errors." +msgstr "在压缩或解压缩过程中发生错误时的异常。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:34 +msgid "" +"Computes an Adler-32 checksum of *data*. (An Adler-32 checksum is almost as" +" reliable as a CRC32 but can be computed much more quickly.) The result is " +"an unsigned 32-bit integer. If *value* is present, it is used as the " +"starting value of the checksum; otherwise, a default value of 1 is used. " +"Passing in *value* allows computing a running checksum over the " +"concatenation of several inputs. The algorithm is not cryptographically " +"strong, and should not be used for authentication or digital signatures. " +"Since the algorithm is designed for use as a checksum algorithm, it is not " +"suitable for use as a general hash algorithm." +msgstr "" +"计算 *data* 的 Adler-32 校验值。(Adler-32 校验的可靠性与 CRC32 基本相当，但比计算 CRC32 更高效。) " +"计算的结果是一个 32 位的整数。参数 *value* 是校验时的起始值，其默认值为 1。借助参数 *value* " +"可为分段的输入计算校验值。此算法没有加密强度，不应用于身份验证和数字签名。此算法的目的仅为验证数据的正确性，不适合作为通用散列算法。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:44 ../../library/zlib.rst:136 +msgid "The result is always unsigned." +msgstr "结果将总是不带符号的。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:49 +msgid "" +"Compresses the bytes in *data*, returning a bytes object containing " +"compressed data. *level* is an integer from ``0`` to ``9`` or ``-1`` " +"controlling the level of compression; ``1`` (Z_BEST_SPEED) is fastest and " +"produces the least compression, ``9`` (Z_BEST_COMPRESSION) is slowest and " +"produces the most. ``0`` (Z_NO_COMPRESSION) is no compression. The default " +"value is ``-1`` (Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION). Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION represents a" +" default compromise between speed and compression (currently equivalent to " +"level 6)." +msgstr "" +"压缩 *data* 中的字节，返回包含已压缩数据的字节串对象。 *level* 是一个用于控制压缩级别的 ``0`` 到 ``9`` 之间的整数或 " +"``-1``；``1`` (Z_BEST_SPEED) 表示最快速度和最低压缩率，``9`` (Z_BEST_COMPRESSION) " +"表示最慢速度和最高压缩率。 ``0`` (Z_NO_COMPRESSION) 表示不压缩。 默认值为 ``-1`` " +"(Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION)。 Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION 表示速度和压缩率折中的默认值 (目前相当于级别 6)。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:58 +msgid "" +"The *wbits* argument controls the size of the history buffer (or the " +"\"window size\") used when compressing data, and whether a header and " +"trailer is included in the output. It can take several ranges of values, " +"defaulting to ``15`` (MAX_WBITS):" +msgstr "" +"参数 *wbits* 指定压缩数据时所使用的历史缓冲区的大小 (窗口大小)，并指定压缩输出是否包含头部或尾部。参数的默认值是 ``15`` " +"(MAX_WBITS)。参数的值分为几个范围：" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:63 +msgid "" +"+9 to +15: The base-two logarithm of the window size, which therefore ranges" +" between 512 and 32768. Larger values produce better compression at the " +"expense of greater memory usage. The resulting output will include a zlib-" +"specific header and trailer." +msgstr "" +"+9 至 +15：窗口大小以二为底的对数。 即这些值对应着 512 至 32768 的窗口大小。 更大的值会提供更好的压缩，同时内存开销也会更大。 " +"压缩输出会包含 zlib 特定格式的头部和尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:68 +msgid "" +"−9 to −15: Uses the absolute value of *wbits* as the window size logarithm, " +"while producing a raw output stream with no header or trailing checksum." +msgstr "−9 至 −15：绝对值为窗口大小以二为底的对数。 压缩输出仅包含压缩数据，没有头部和尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:72 +msgid "" +"+25 to +31 = 16 + (9 to 15): Uses the low 4 bits of the value as the window " +"size logarithm, while including a basic :program:`gzip` header and trailing " +"checksum in the output." +msgstr "" +"+25 至 +31 = 16 + (9 至 15)：后 4 个比特位为窗口大小以二为底的对数。 压缩输出包含一个基本的 :program:`gzip` " +"头部，并以校验和为尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:76 +msgid "Raises the :exc:`error` exception if any error occurs." +msgstr "如果发生任何错误则将引发 :exc:`error` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:78 +msgid "*level* can now be used as a keyword parameter." +msgstr "现在，*level* 可作为关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:81 +msgid "" +"The *wbits* parameter is now available to set window bits and compression " +"type." +msgstr "现在可以用 *wbits* 形参来设置窗口位和压缩类型。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Returns a compression object, to be used for compressing data streams that " +"won't fit into memory at once." +msgstr "返回一个 压缩对象，用来压缩内存中难以容下的数据流。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:90 +msgid "" +"*level* is the compression level -- an integer from ``0`` to ``9`` or " +"``-1``. A value of ``1`` (Z_BEST_SPEED) is fastest and produces the least " +"compression, while a value of ``9`` (Z_BEST_COMPRESSION) is slowest and " +"produces the most. ``0`` (Z_NO_COMPRESSION) is no compression. The default " +"value is ``-1`` (Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION). Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION represents a " +"default compromise between speed and compression (currently equivalent to " +"level 6)." +msgstr "" +"参数 *level* 为压缩等级，是整数，可取值为 ``0`` 到 ``9`` 或 ``-1``。``1`` (Z_BEST_SPEED) " +"表示最快速度和最低压缩率，``9`` (Z_BEST_COMPRESSION) 表示最慢速度和最高压缩率。``0`` " +"(Z_NO_COMPRESSION) 表示不压缩。参数默认值为 ``-1`` " +"(Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION)。Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION 是速度和压缩率之间的平衡 (一般相当于设压缩等级为 6)。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:97 +msgid "" +"*method* is the compression algorithm. Currently, the only supported value " +"is :const:`DEFLATED`." +msgstr "*method* 表示压缩算法。现在只支持 :const:`DEFLATED` 这个算法。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:100 +msgid "" +"The *wbits* parameter controls the size of the history buffer (or the " +"\"window size\"), and what header and trailer format will be used. It has " +"the same meaning as `described for compress() <#compress-wbits>`__." +msgstr "" +"*wbits* 形参控制历史缓冲区的大小（或称“窗口大小”），以及将要使用的头部和尾部格式。 它的含义与 `对 compress() 的描述 " +"<#compress-wbits>`__ 相同。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:104 +msgid "" +"The *memLevel* argument controls the amount of memory used for the internal " +"compression state. Valid values range from ``1`` to ``9``. Higher values use" +" more memory, but are faster and produce smaller output." +msgstr "" +"参数 *memLevel* 指定内部压缩操作时所占用内存大小。参数取 ``1`` 到 ``9``。更大的值占用更多的内存，同时速度也更快输出也更小。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:108 +msgid "" +"*strategy* is used to tune the compression algorithm. Possible values are " +":const:`Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`, :const:`Z_FILTERED`, :const:`Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`, " +":const:`Z_RLE` (zlib 1.2.0.1) and :const:`Z_FIXED` (zlib 1.2.2.2)." +msgstr "" +"参数 *strategy* 用于调节压缩算法。可取值为 " +":const:`Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`、:const:`Z_FILTERED`、:const:`Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`、:const:`Z_RLE`" +" (zlib 1.2.0.1) 或 :const:`Z_FIXED` (zlib 1.2.2.2)。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:112 +msgid "" +"*zdict* is a predefined compression dictionary. This is a sequence of bytes " +"(such as a :class:`bytes` object) containing subsequences that are expected " +"to occur frequently in the data that is to be compressed. Those subsequences" +" that are expected to be most common should come at the end of the " +"dictionary." +msgstr "" +"参数 *zdict* 指定预定义的压缩字典。它是一个字节序列 (如 :class:`bytes` " +"对象)，其中包含用户认为要压缩的数据中可能频繁出现的子序列。频率高的子序列应当放在字典的尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:117 +msgid "Added the *zdict* parameter and keyword argument support." +msgstr "添加关键字参数 *zdict*。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Computes a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum of *data*. The result is " +"an unsigned 32-bit integer. If *value* is present, it is used as the " +"starting value of the checksum; otherwise, a default value of 0 is used. " +"Passing in *value* allows computing a running checksum over the " +"concatenation of several inputs. The algorithm is not cryptographically " +"strong, and should not be used for authentication or digital signatures. " +"Since the algorithm is designed for use as a checksum algorithm, it is not " +"suitable for use as a general hash algorithm." +msgstr "" +"计算 *data* 的 CRC (循环冗余校验) 值。计算的结果是一个 32 位的整数。参数 *value* 是校验时的起始值，其默认值为 0。借助参数" +" *value* 可为分段的输入计算校验值。此算法没有加密强度，不应用于身份验证和数字签名。此算法的目的仅为验证数据的正确性，不适合作为通用散列算法。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Decompresses the bytes in *data*, returning a bytes object containing the " +"uncompressed data. The *wbits* parameter depends on the format of *data*, " +"and is discussed further below. If *bufsize* is given, it is used as the " +"initial size of the output buffer. Raises the :exc:`error` exception if any" +" error occurs." +msgstr "" +"解压 *data* 中的字节，返回含有已解压内容的 bytes 对象。参数 *wbits* 取决于 *data* " +"的格式，具体参见下边的说明。*bufsize* 为输出缓冲区的起始大小。函数发生错误时抛出 :exc:`error` 异常。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:149 +msgid "" +"The *wbits* parameter controls the size of the history buffer (or \"window " +"size\"), and what header and trailer format is expected. It is similar to " +"the parameter for :func:`compressobj`, but accepts more ranges of values:" +msgstr "" +"*wbits* 形参控制历史缓冲区的大小（或称“窗口大小”）以及所期望的头部和尾部格式。 它类似于 :func:`compressobj` " +"的形参，但可接受更大范围的值：" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:154 +msgid "" +"+8 to +15: The base-two logarithm of the window size. The input must " +"include a zlib header and trailer." +msgstr "+8 至 +15：窗口尺寸以二为底的对数。 输入必须包含 zlib 头部和尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:157 +msgid "" +"0: Automatically determine the window size from the zlib header. Only " +"supported since zlib 1.2.3.5." +msgstr "0：根据 zlib 头部自动确定窗口大小。 只从 zlib 1.2.3.5 版起受支持。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:160 +msgid "" +"−8 to −15: Uses the absolute value of *wbits* as the window size logarithm." +" The input must be a raw stream with no header or trailer." +msgstr "−8 至 −15：使用 *wbits* 的绝对值作为窗口大小以二为底的对数。 输入必须为原始数据流，没有头部和尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:163 +msgid "" +"+24 to +31 = 16 + (8 to 15): Uses the low 4 bits of the value as the window " +"size logarithm. The input must include a gzip header and trailer." +msgstr "+24 至 +31 = 16 + (8 至 15)：使用后 4 个比特位作为窗口大小以二为底的对数。 输入必须包括 gzip 头部和尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:167 +msgid "" +"+40 to +47 = 32 + (8 to 15): Uses the low 4 bits of the value as the window " +"size logarithm, and automatically accepts either the zlib or gzip format." +msgstr "" +"+40 至 +47 = 32 + (8 至 15)：使用后 4 个比特位作为窗口大小以二为底的对数，并且自动接受 zlib 或 gzip 格式。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:171 +msgid "" +"When decompressing a stream, the window size must not be smaller than the " +"size originally used to compress the stream; using a too-small value may " +"result in an :exc:`error` exception. The default *wbits* value corresponds " +"to the largest window size and requires a zlib header and trailer to be " +"included." +msgstr "" +"当解压缩一个数据流时，窗口大小必须不小于用于压缩数据流的原始窗口大小；使用太小的值可能导致 :exc:`error` 异常。 默认 *wbits* " +"值对应于最大的窗口大小并且要求包括 zlib 头部和尾部。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:177 +msgid "" +"*bufsize* is the initial size of the buffer used to hold decompressed data." +" If more space is required, the buffer size will be increased as needed, so" +" you don't have to get this value exactly right; tuning it will only save a " +"few calls to :c:func:`malloc`." +msgstr "" +"*bufsize* 是用于存放解压数据的缓冲区初始大小。 " +"如果需要更大空间，缓冲区大小将按需增加，因此你不需要让这个值完全精确；对其进行调整仅会节省一点对 :c:func:`malloc` 的调用次数。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:182 +msgid "*wbits* and *bufsize* can be used as keyword arguments." +msgstr "*wbits* 和 *bufsize* 可用作关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Returns a decompression object, to be used for decompressing data streams " +"that won't fit into memory at once." +msgstr "返回一个解压对象，用来解压无法被一次性放入内存的数据流。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:190 +msgid "" +"The *wbits* parameter controls the size of the history buffer (or the " +"\"window size\"), and what header and trailer format is expected. It has " +"the same meaning as `described for decompress() <#decompress-wbits>`__." +msgstr "" +"*wbits* 形参控制历史缓冲区的大小（或称“窗口大小”）以及所期望的头部和尾部格式。 它的含义与 `对 decompress() 的描述 " +"<#decompress-wbits>`__ 相同。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The *zdict* parameter specifies a predefined compression dictionary. If " +"provided, this must be the same dictionary as was used by the compressor " +"that produced the data that is to be decompressed." +msgstr "*zdict* 形参指定指定一个预定义的压缩字典。 如果提供了此形参，它必须与产生将解压数据的压缩器所使用的字典相同。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:200 +msgid "" +"If *zdict* is a mutable object (such as a :class:`bytearray`), you must not " +"modify its contents between the call to :func:`decompressobj` and the first " +"call to the decompressor's ``decompress()`` method." +msgstr "" +"如果 *zdict* 是一个可变对象 (例如 :class:`bytearray`)，则你不可在对 :func:`decompressobj` " +"的调用和对解压器的 ``decompress()`` 方法的调用之间修改其内容。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:204 +msgid "Added the *zdict* parameter." +msgstr "增加了 *zdict* 形参。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:208 +msgid "Compression objects support the following methods:" +msgstr "压缩对象支持以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Compress *data*, returning a bytes object containing compressed data for at " +"least part of the data in *data*. This data should be concatenated to the " +"output produced by any preceding calls to the :meth:`compress` method. Some" +" input may be kept in internal buffers for later processing." +msgstr "" +"压缩 *data* 并返回 bytes 对象，这个对象含有 *data* 的部分或全部内容的已压缩数据。所得的对象必须拼接在上一次调用 " +":meth:`compress` 方法所得数据的后面。缓冲区中可能留存部分输入以供下一次调用。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:221 +msgid "" +"All pending input is processed, and a bytes object containing the remaining " +"compressed output is returned. *mode* can be selected from the constants " +":const:`Z_NO_FLUSH`, :const:`Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH`, :const:`Z_SYNC_FLUSH`, " +":const:`Z_FULL_FLUSH`, :const:`Z_BLOCK` (zlib 1.2.3.4), or " +":const:`Z_FINISH`, defaulting to :const:`Z_FINISH`. Except " +":const:`Z_FINISH`, all constants allow compressing further bytestrings of " +"data, while :const:`Z_FINISH` finishes the compressed stream and prevents " +"compressing any more data. After calling :meth:`flush` with *mode* set to " +":const:`Z_FINISH`, the :meth:`compress` method cannot be called again; the " +"only realistic action is to delete the object." +msgstr "" +"压缩所有缓冲区的数据并返回已压缩的数据。参数 *mode* " +"可以传入的常量为：:const:`Z_NO_FLUSH`、:const:`Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH`、:const:`Z_SYNC_FLUSH`、:const:`Z_FULL_FLUSH`、:const:`Z_BLOCK`" +" (zlib 1.2.3.4) 或 :const:`Z_FINISH`。默认值为 :const:`Z_FINISH`。:const:`Z_FINISH`" +" 关闭已压缩数据流并不允许再压缩其他数据，:const:`Z_FINISH` 以外的值皆允许这个对象继续压缩数据。调用 :meth:`flush` " +"方法并将 *mode* 设为 :const:`Z_FINISH` 后会无法再次调用 :meth:`compress`，此时只能删除这个对象。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Returns a copy of the compression object. This can be used to efficiently " +"compress a set of data that share a common initial prefix." +msgstr "返回此压缩对象的一个拷贝。它可以用来高效压缩一系列拥有相同前缀的数据。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:238 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`copy.copy` and :func:`copy.deepcopy` support to compression " +"objects." +msgstr "添加了对压缩对象执行 :func:`copy.copy` 和 :func:`copy.deepcopy` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:243 +msgid "Decompression objects support the following methods and attributes:" +msgstr "解压缩对象支持以下方法：" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:248 +msgid "" +"A bytes object which contains any bytes past the end of the compressed data." +" That is, this remains ``b\"\"`` until the last byte that contains " +"compression data is available. If the whole bytestring turned out to " +"contain compressed data, this is ``b\"\"``, an empty bytes object." +msgstr "" +"一个 bytes 对象，其中包含压缩数据结束之后的任何字节数据。 也就是说，它将为 ``b\"\"`` 直到包含压缩数据的末尾字节可用。 " +"如果整个结果字节串都包含压缩数据，它将为一个空的 bytes 对象 ``b\"\"``。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:256 +msgid "" +"A bytes object that contains any data that was not consumed by the last " +":meth:`decompress` call because it exceeded the limit for the uncompressed " +"data buffer. This data has not yet been seen by the zlib machinery, so you " +"must feed it (possibly with further data concatenated to it) back to a " +"subsequent :meth:`decompress` method call in order to get correct output." +msgstr "" +"一个 bytes 对象，其中包含未被上一次 :meth:`decompress` 调用所消耗的任何数据。 此数据不能被 zlib " +"机制看到，因此你必须将其送回（可能要附带额外的数据拼接）到后续的 :meth:`decompress` 方法调用以获得正确的输出。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:265 +msgid "" +"A boolean indicating whether the end of the compressed data stream has been " +"reached." +msgstr "一个布尔值，指明是否已到达压缩数据流的末尾。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:268 +msgid "" +"This makes it possible to distinguish between a properly formed compressed " +"stream, and an incomplete or truncated one." +msgstr "这使得区分正确构造的压缩数据流和不完整或被截断的流成为可能。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Decompress *data*, returning a bytes object containing the uncompressed data" +" corresponding to at least part of the data in *string*. This data should " +"be concatenated to the output produced by any preceding calls to the " +":meth:`decompress` method. Some of the input data may be preserved in " +"internal buffers for later processing." +msgstr "" +"解压缩 *data* 并返回 bytes 对象，其中包含对应于 *string* 中至少一部分数据的解压缩数据。 此数据应当被拼接到之前任何对 " +":meth:`decompress` 方法的调用所产生的输出。 部分输入数据可能会被保留在内部缓冲区以供后续处理。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:282 +msgid "" +"If the optional parameter *max_length* is non-zero then the return value " +"will be no longer than *max_length*. This may mean that not all of the " +"compressed input can be processed; and unconsumed data will be stored in the" +" attribute :attr:`unconsumed_tail`. This bytestring must be passed to a " +"subsequent call to :meth:`decompress` if decompression is to continue. If " +"*max_length* is zero then the whole input is decompressed, and " +":attr:`unconsumed_tail` is empty." +msgstr "" +"如果可选的形参 *max_length* 非零则返回值将不会长于 *max_length*。 " +"这可能意味着不是所有已压缩输入都能被处理；并且未被消耗的数据将被保存在 :attr:`unconsumed_tail` 属性中。 " +"如果要继续解压缩则这个字节串必须被传给对 :meth:`decompress` 的后续调用。 如果 *max_length* " +"为零则整个输入都会被解压缩，并且 :attr:`unconsumed_tail` 将为空。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:289 +msgid "*max_length* can be used as a keyword argument." +msgstr "*max_length* 可用作关键字参数。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:295 +msgid "" +"All pending input is processed, and a bytes object containing the remaining " +"uncompressed output is returned. After calling :meth:`flush`, the " +":meth:`decompress` method cannot be called again; the only realistic action " +"is to delete the object." +msgstr "" +"所有挂起的输入会被处理，并且返回包含剩余未压缩输出的 bytes 对象。 在调用 :meth:`flush` 之后，:meth:`decompress`" +" 方法将无法被再次调用；唯一可行的操作是删除该对象。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:300 +msgid "" +"The optional parameter *length* sets the initial size of the output buffer." +msgstr "可选的形参 *length* 设置输出缓冲区的初始大小。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Returns a copy of the decompression object. This can be used to save the " +"state of the decompressor midway through the data stream in order to speed " +"up random seeks into the stream at a future point." +msgstr "返回解压缩对象的一个拷贝。 它可以用来在数据流的中途保存解压缩器的状态以便加快随机查找数据流后续位置的速度。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`copy.copy` and :func:`copy.deepcopy` support to decompression " +"objects." +msgstr "添加了对解压缩对象执行 :func:`copy.copy` 和 :func:`copy.deepcopy` 的支持。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Information about the version of the zlib library in use is available " +"through the following constants:" +msgstr "通过下列常量可获取模块所使用的 zlib 库的版本信息：" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:321 +msgid "" +"The version string of the zlib library that was used for building the " +"module. This may be different from the zlib library actually used at " +"runtime, which is available as :const:`ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION`." +msgstr "" +"构建此模块时所用的 zlib 库的版本字符串。它的值可能与运行时所加载的 zlib 不同。运行时加载的 zlib 库的版本字符串为 " +":const:`ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION`。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:328 +msgid "" +"The version string of the zlib library actually loaded by the interpreter." +msgstr "解释器所加载的 zlib 库的版本字符串。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:335 +msgid "Module :mod:`gzip`" +msgstr "模块 :mod:`gzip`" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:336 +msgid "Reading and writing :program:`gzip`\\ -format files." +msgstr "读写 :program:`gzip` 格式的文件。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:338 +msgid "http://www.zlib.net" +msgstr "http://www.zlib.net" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:339 +msgid "The zlib library home page." +msgstr "zlib 库项目主页。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:341 +msgid "http://www.zlib.net/manual.html" +msgstr "http://www.zlib.net/manual.html" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:342 +msgid "" +"The zlib manual explains the semantics and usage of the library's many " +"functions." +msgstr "zlib 库用户手册。提供了库的许多功能的解释和用法。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:345 +msgid "" +"In case gzip (de)compression is a bottleneck, the `python-isal`_ package " +"speeds up (de)compression with a mostly compatible API." +msgstr "对于 gzip (解)压缩成为瓶颈的情况，`python-isal`_ 软件包会使用最兼容的 API 来加快 (解)压缩的速度。" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:123 +msgid "Cyclic Redundancy Check" +msgstr "循环冗余检测" + +#: ../../library/zlib.rst:123 +msgid "checksum" +msgstr "checksum" diff --git a/library/zoneinfo.po b/library/zoneinfo.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e559e52d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/library/zoneinfo.po @@ -0,0 +1,730 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:19+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:2 +msgid ":mod:`!zoneinfo` --- IANA time zone support" +msgstr ":mod:`!zoneinfo` --- IANA 时区支持" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:12 +msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/zoneinfo`" +msgstr "**源代码:** :source:`Lib/zoneinfo`" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zoneinfo` module provides a concrete time zone implementation to " +"support the IANA time zone database as originally specified in :pep:`615`. " +"By default, :mod:`zoneinfo` uses the system's time zone data if available; " +"if no system time zone data is available, the library will fall back to " +"using the first-party :pypi:`tzdata` package available on PyPI." +msgstr "" +":mod:`zoneinfo` 模块根据 :pep:`615` 中的原始规范说明提供了一个具体的时区实现来支持 IANA 时区数据库。 " +"在默认情况下，:mod:`zoneinfo` 会在可能的情况下使用系统的时区数据；如果系统时区数据不可用，该库将回退为使用 PyPI 上提供的 " +":pypi:`tzdata` 第一方包。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:24 +msgid "Module: :mod:`datetime`" +msgstr "模块: :mod:`datetime`" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:25 +msgid "" +"Provides the :class:`~datetime.time` and :class:`~datetime.datetime` types " +"with which the :class:`ZoneInfo` class is designed to be used." +msgstr "" +"提供 :class:`~datetime.time` 和 :class:`~datetime.datetime` " +"类型，:class:`ZoneInfo` 类被设计为可配合这两个类型使用。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:28 +msgid "Package :pypi:`tzdata`" +msgstr "包 :pypi:`tzdata`" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:29 +msgid "" +"First-party package maintained by the CPython core developers to supply time" +" zone data via PyPI." +msgstr "由 CPython 核心开发者维护以通过 PyPI 提供时区数据的第一方包。" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:3 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../includes/wasm-notavail.rst:5 +msgid "" +"This module does not work or is not available on WebAssembly. See " +":ref:`wasm-availability` for more information." +msgstr "此模块在 WebAssembly 平台上无效或不可用。 请参阅 :ref:`wasm-availability` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:35 +msgid "Using ``ZoneInfo``" +msgstr "使用 ``ZoneInfo``" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:37 +msgid "" +":class:`ZoneInfo` is a concrete implementation of the " +":class:`datetime.tzinfo` abstract base class, and is intended to be attached" +" to ``tzinfo``, either via the constructor, the :meth:`datetime.replace " +"` method or :meth:`datetime.astimezone " +"`::" +msgstr "" +":class:`ZoneInfo` 是 :class:`datetime.tzinfo` 抽象基类的具体实现，其目标是通过构造器、 " +":meth:`datetime.replace ` 方法或 " +":meth:`datetime.astimezone ` 来与 ``tzinfo`` " +"建立关联::" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:42 +msgid "" +">>> from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo\n" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta\n" +"\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 10, 31, 12, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\"))\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-10-31 12:00:00-07:00\n" +"\n" +">>> dt.tzname()\n" +"'PDT'" +msgstr "" +">>> from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo\n" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta\n" +"\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 10, 31, 12, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\"))\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-10-31 12:00:00-07:00\n" +"\n" +">>> dt.tzname()\n" +"'PDT'" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Datetimes constructed in this way are compatible with datetime arithmetic " +"and handle daylight saving time transitions with no further intervention::" +msgstr "以此方式构造的日期时间对象可兼容日期时间运算并可在无需进一步干预的情况下处理夏令时转换::" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:55 +msgid "" +">>> dt_add = dt + timedelta(days=1)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(dt_add)\n" +"2020-11-01 12:00:00-08:00\n" +"\n" +">>> dt_add.tzname()\n" +"'PST'" +msgstr "" +">>> dt_add = dt + timedelta(days=1)\n" +"\n" +">>> print(dt_add)\n" +"2020-11-01 12:00:00-08:00\n" +"\n" +">>> dt_add.tzname()\n" +"'PST'" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:63 +msgid "" +"These time zones also support the :attr:`~datetime.datetime.fold` attribute " +"introduced in :pep:`495`. During offset transitions which induce ambiguous " +"times (such as a daylight saving time to standard time transition), the " +"offset from *before* the transition is used when ``fold=0``, and the offset " +"*after* the transition is used when ``fold=1``, for example::" +msgstr "" +"这些时区还支持在 :pep:`495` 中引入的 :attr:`~datetime.datetime.fold`。 " +"在可能导致时间歧义的时差转换中（例如夏令时到标准时的转换），当 ``fold=0`` 时会使用转换 *之前* 的时差，而当 ``fold=1`` " +"时则使用转换 *之后* 的时差，例如::" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:69 +msgid "" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 11, 1, 1, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\"))\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-07:00\n" +"\n" +">>> print(dt.replace(fold=1))\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-08:00" +msgstr "" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 11, 1, 1, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\"))\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-07:00\n" +"\n" +">>> print(dt.replace(fold=1))\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-08:00" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:76 +msgid "" +"When converting from another time zone, the fold will be set to the correct " +"value::" +msgstr "当执行来自另一时区的转换时，fold 将被设置为正确的值::" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:79 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import timezone\n" +">>> LOS_ANGELES = ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\")\n" +">>> dt_utc = datetime(2020, 11, 1, 8, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +"\n" +">>> # Before the PDT -> PST transition\n" +">>> print(dt_utc.astimezone(LOS_ANGELES))\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-07:00\n" +"\n" +">>> # After the PDT -> PST transition\n" +">>> print((dt_utc + timedelta(hours=1)).astimezone(LOS_ANGELES))\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-08:00" +msgstr "" +">>> from datetime import timezone\n" +">>> LOS_ANGELES = ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\")\n" +">>> dt_utc = datetime(2020, 11, 1, 8, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +"\n" +">>> # 在 PDT -> PST 转换之前\n" +">>> print(dt_utc.astimezone(LOS_ANGELES))\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-07:00\n" +"\n" +">>> # 在 PDT -> PST 转换之后\n" +">>> print((dt_utc + timedelta(hours=1)).astimezone(LOS_ANGELES))\n" +"2020-11-01 01:00:00-08:00" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:92 +msgid "Data sources" +msgstr "数据源" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:94 +msgid "" +"The ``zoneinfo`` module does not directly provide time zone data, and " +"instead pulls time zone information from the system time zone database or " +"the first-party PyPI package :pypi:`tzdata`, if available. Some systems, " +"including notably Windows systems, do not have an IANA database available, " +"and so for projects targeting cross-platform compatibility that require time" +" zone data, it is recommended to declare a dependency on tzdata. If neither " +"system data nor tzdata are available, all calls to :class:`ZoneInfo` will " +"raise :exc:`ZoneInfoNotFoundError`." +msgstr "" +"``zoneinfo`` 模块不直接提供时区数据，而是在可能的情况下从系统时区数据库或使用 PyPI 上的第一方包 :pypi:`tzdata` " +"来获取时区信息。 某些系统，特别是 Windows 系统也包括在内，并没有可用的 IANA " +"数据库，因此对于要保证获取时区信息的跨平台兼容性的项目，推荐针对 tzdata 声明依赖。 如果系统数据和 tzdata 均不可用，则所有对 " +":class:`ZoneInfo` 的调用都将引发 :exc:`ZoneInfoNotFoundError`。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:106 +msgid "Configuring the data sources" +msgstr "配置数据源" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:108 +msgid "" +"When ``ZoneInfo(key)`` is called, the constructor first searches the " +"directories specified in :data:`TZPATH` for a file matching ``key``, and on " +"failure looks for a match in the tzdata package. This behavior can be " +"configured in three ways:" +msgstr "" +"当 ``ZoneInfo(key)`` 被调用时，此构造器首先会在 :data:`TZPATH` 所指定的目录下搜索匹配 ``key`` " +"的文件，失败时则会在 tzdata 包中查找匹配。 此行为可通过三种方式来配置:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:113 +msgid "" +"The default :data:`TZPATH` when not otherwise specified can be configured at" +" :ref:`compile time `." +msgstr "" +"默认的 :data:`TZPATH` 未通过其他方式指定时可在 :ref:`编译时 " +"` 进行配置。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:115 +msgid "" +":data:`TZPATH` can be configured using :ref:`an environment variable " +"`." +msgstr ":data:`TZPATH` 可使用 :ref:`环境变量 ` 进行配置。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:117 +msgid "" +"At :ref:`runtime `, the search path can be " +"manipulated using the :func:`reset_tzpath` function." +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`运行时 `，搜索路径可使用 :func:`reset_tzpath` " +"函数来修改。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:123 +msgid "Compile-time configuration" +msgstr "编译时配置" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:125 +msgid "" +"The default :data:`TZPATH` includes several common deployment locations for " +"the time zone database (except on Windows, where there are no \"well-known\"" +" locations for time zone data). On POSIX systems, downstream distributors " +"and those building Python from source who know where their system time zone " +"data is deployed may change the default time zone path by specifying the " +"compile-time option ``TZPATH`` (or, more likely, the :option:`configure flag" +" --with-tzpath <--with-tzpath>`), which should be a string delimited by " +":data:`os.pathsep`." +msgstr "" +"默认的 :data:`TZPATH` 包括一些时区数据库的通用部署位置（Windows 除外，该系统没有时区数据的“通用”位置）。 在 POSIX " +"系统中，下游分发者和从源码编译 Python 的开发者知道系统时区数据部署位置，它们可以通过指定编译时选项 ``TZPATH`` (或者更常见的是通过 " +":option:`配置旗标 --with-tzpath <--with-tzpath>`) 来改变默认的时区路径，该选项应当是一个由 " +":data:`os.pathsep` 分隔的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:134 +msgid "" +"On all platforms, the configured value is available as the ``TZPATH`` key in" +" :func:`sysconfig.get_config_var`." +msgstr "在所有平台上，配置值会在 :func:`sysconfig.get_config_var` 中以 ``TZPATH`` 键的形式提供。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:140 +msgid "Environment configuration" +msgstr "环境配置" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:142 +msgid "" +"When initializing :data:`TZPATH` (either at import time or whenever " +":func:`reset_tzpath` is called with no arguments), the ``zoneinfo`` module " +"will use the environment variable ``PYTHONTZPATH``, if it exists, to set the" +" search path." +msgstr "" +"当初始化 :data:`TZPATH` 时（在导入时或不带参数调用 :func:`reset_tzpath` 时），``zoneinfo`` " +"模块将使用环境变量 ``PYTHONTZPATH``，如果变量存在则会设置搜索路径。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:149 +msgid "" +"This is an :data:`os.pathsep`-separated string containing the time zone " +"search path to use. It must consist of only absolute rather than relative " +"paths. Relative components specified in ``PYTHONTZPATH`` will not be used, " +"but otherwise the behavior when a relative path is specified is " +"implementation-defined; CPython will raise :exc:`InvalidTZPathWarning`, but " +"other implementations are free to silently ignore the erroneous component or" +" raise an exception." +msgstr "" +"这是一个以 :data:`os.pathsep` 分隔的字符串，其中包含要使用的时区搜索路径。 它必须仅由绝对路径而非相对路径组成。 在 " +"``PYTHONTZPATH`` 中指定的相对路径部分将不会被使用，但在其他情况下当指定相对路径时的行为该实现是有定义的；CPython 将引发 " +":exc:`InvalidTZPathWarning`，而其他实现可自由地忽略错误部分或是引发异常。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:157 +msgid "" +"To set the system to ignore the system data and use the tzdata package " +"instead, set ``PYTHONTZPATH=\"\"``." +msgstr "要设置让系统忽略系统数据并改用 tzdata 包，请设置 ``PYTHONTZPATH=\"\"``。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:163 +msgid "Runtime configuration" +msgstr "运行时配置" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The TZ search path can also be configured at runtime using the " +":func:`reset_tzpath` function. This is generally not an advisable operation," +" though it is reasonable to use it in test functions that require the use of" +" a specific time zone path (or require disabling access to the system time " +"zones)." +msgstr "" +"TZ 搜索路径也可在运行时使用 :func:`reset_tzpath` 函数来配置。 " +"通常并不建议如此操作，不过在需要使用指定时区路径（或者需要禁止访问系统时区）的测试函数中使用它则是合理的。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:172 +msgid "The ``ZoneInfo`` class" +msgstr "``ZoneInfo`` 类" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:176 +msgid "" +"A concrete :class:`datetime.tzinfo` subclass that represents an IANA time " +"zone specified by the string ``key``. Calls to the primary constructor will " +"always return objects that compare identically; put another way, barring " +"cache invalidation via :meth:`ZoneInfo.clear_cache`, for all values of " +"``key``, the following assertion will always be true:" +msgstr "" +"一个具体的 :class:`datetime.tzinfo` 子类，它代表一个由字符串 ``key`` 所指定的 IANA 时区。 " +"对主构造器的调用将总是返回可进行标识比较的对象；但是另一种方式，对所有的 ``key`` 值通过 " +":meth:`ZoneInfo.clear_cache` 禁止缓存失效，对以下断言将总是为真值:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:182 +msgid "" +"a = ZoneInfo(key)\n" +"b = ZoneInfo(key)\n" +"assert a is b" +msgstr "" +"a = ZoneInfo(key)\n" +"b = ZoneInfo(key)\n" +"assert a is b" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:188 +msgid "" +"``key`` must be in the form of a relative, normalized POSIX path, with no " +"up-level references. The constructor will raise :exc:`ValueError` if a non-" +"conforming key is passed." +msgstr "" +"``key`` 必须采用相对的标准化 POSIX 路径的形式，其中没有对上一层级的引用。 如果传入了不合要求的键则构造器将引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:192 +msgid "" +"If no file matching ``key`` is found, the constructor will raise " +":exc:`ZoneInfoNotFoundError`." +msgstr "如果没有找到匹配 ``key`` 的文件，构造器将引发 :exc:`ZoneInfoNotFoundError`。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:196 +msgid "The ``ZoneInfo`` class has two alternate constructors:" +msgstr "``ZoneInfo`` 类具有两个替代构造器:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Constructs a ``ZoneInfo`` object from a file-like object returning bytes " +"(e.g. a file opened in binary mode or an :class:`io.BytesIO` object). Unlike" +" the primary constructor, this always constructs a new object." +msgstr "" +"基于一个返回字节串的文件型对象（例如一个以二进制模式打开的文件或是一个 :class:`io.BytesIO` 对象）构造 ``ZoneInfo`` " +"对象。 不同于主构造器，此构造器总是会构造一个新对象。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:204 +msgid "" +"The ``key`` parameter sets the name of the zone for the purposes of " +":py:meth:`~object.__str__` and :py:meth:`~object.__repr__`." +msgstr "" +"``key`` 形参设置时区名称以供 :py:meth:`~object.__str__` 和 :py:meth:`~object.__repr__` " +"使用。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Objects created via this constructor cannot be pickled (see `pickling`_)." +msgstr "由此构造器创建的对象不可被封存 (参见 `pickling`_)。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:211 +msgid "" +"An alternate constructor that bypasses the constructor's cache. It is " +"identical to the primary constructor, but returns a new object on each call." +" This is most likely to be useful for testing or demonstration purposes, but" +" it can also be used to create a system with a different cache invalidation " +"strategy." +msgstr "" +"一个绕过构造器缓存的替代构造器。 它与主构造器很相似，但每次调用都会返回一个新对象。 " +"此构造器在进行测试或演示时最为适用，但它也可以被用来创建具有不同缓存失效策略的系统。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Objects created via this constructor will also bypass the cache of a " +"deserializing process when unpickled." +msgstr "由此构造器创建的对象在被解封时也会绕过反序列化进程的缓存。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Using this constructor may change the semantics of your datetimes in " +"surprising ways, only use it if you know that you need to." +msgstr "使用此构造器可以会以令人惊讶的方式改变日期时间对象的语义，只有在你确定你的需求时才使用它。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:227 +msgid "The following class methods are also available:" +msgstr "也可以使用以下的类方法:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:231 +msgid "" +"A method for invalidating the cache on the ``ZoneInfo`` class. If no " +"arguments are passed, all caches are invalidated and the next call to the " +"primary constructor for each key will return a new instance." +msgstr "一个可在 ``ZoneInfo`` 类上禁用缓存的方法。 如果不传入参数，则会禁用所有缓存并且下次对每个键调用主构造器将返回一个新实例。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:235 +msgid "" +"If an iterable of key names is passed to the ``only_keys`` parameter, only " +"the specified keys will be removed from the cache. Keys passed to " +"``only_keys`` but not found in the cache are ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果将一个键名称的可迭代对象传给 ``only_keys`` 形参，则将只有指定的键会被从缓存中移除。 传给 ``only_keys`` " +"但在缓存中找不到的键会被忽略。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:243 +msgid "" +"Invoking this function may change the semantics of datetimes using " +"``ZoneInfo`` in surprising ways; this modifies module state and thus may " +"have wide-ranging effects. Only use it if you know that you need to." +msgstr "" +"唤起此函数可能会以令人惊讶的方式改变使用 ``ZoneInfo`` 的日期时间对象的语义；这会修改模块的状态并因此可能产生大范围的影响。 " +"你只有在确定有必要时才可以使用它。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:248 +msgid "The class has one attribute:" +msgstr "该类具有一个属性:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:252 +msgid "" +"This is a read-only :term:`attribute` that returns the value of ``key`` " +"passed to the constructor, which should be a lookup key in the IANA time " +"zone database (e.g. ``America/New_York``, ``Europe/Paris`` or " +"``Asia/Tokyo``)." +msgstr "" +"这是一个只读的 :term:`attribute`，它返回传给构造器的 ``key`` 的值，该值应为一个 IANA 时区数据库的查找键 (例如 " +"``America/New_York``, ``Europe/Paris`` 或 ``Asia/Tokyo``)。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:257 +msgid "" +"For zones constructed from file without specifying a ``key`` parameter, this" +" will be set to ``None``." +msgstr "对于不指定 ``key`` 形参而是基于文件构造时区，该属性将设为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Although it is a somewhat common practice to expose these to end users, " +"these values are designed to be primary keys for representing the relevant " +"zones and not necessarily user-facing elements. Projects like CLDR (the " +"Unicode Common Locale Data Repository) can be used to get more user-friendly" +" strings from these keys." +msgstr "" +"尽管将这些信息暴露给最终用户是一种比较普通的做法，但是这些值被设计作为代表相关时区的主键而不一定是面向用户的元素。 CLDR (Unicode " +"通用区域数据存储库) 之类的项目可被用来根据这些键获取更为用户友好的字符串。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:269 +msgid "String representations" +msgstr "字符串表示" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:271 +msgid "" +"The string representation returned when calling :py:class:`str` on a " +":class:`ZoneInfo` object defaults to using the :attr:`ZoneInfo.key` " +"attribute (see the note on usage in the attribute documentation)::" +msgstr "" +"当在 :class:`ZoneInfo` 对象上调用 :py:class:`str` 时返回的字符串表示默认会使用 " +":attr:`ZoneInfo.key` 属性（参见该属性文档中的用法注释）::" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:275 +msgid "" +">>> zone = ZoneInfo(\"Pacific/Kwajalein\")\n" +">>> str(zone)\n" +"'Pacific/Kwajalein'\n" +"\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 4, 1, 3, 15, tzinfo=zone)\n" +">>> f\"{dt.isoformat()} [{dt.tzinfo}]\"\n" +"'2020-04-01T03:15:00+12:00 [Pacific/Kwajalein]'" +msgstr "" +">>> zone = ZoneInfo(\"Pacific/Kwajalein\")\n" +">>> str(zone)\n" +"'Pacific/Kwajalein'\n" +"\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 4, 1, 3, 15, tzinfo=zone)\n" +">>> f\"{dt.isoformat()} [{dt.tzinfo}]\"\n" +"'2020-04-01T03:15:00+12:00 [Pacific/Kwajalein]'" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:283 +msgid "" +"For objects constructed from a file without specifying a ``key`` parameter, " +"``str`` falls back to calling :func:`repr`. ``ZoneInfo``'s ``repr`` is " +"implementation-defined and not necessarily stable between versions, but it " +"is guaranteed not to be a valid ``ZoneInfo`` key." +msgstr "" +"对于基于文件而非指定 ``key`` 形参所构建的对象，``str`` 会回退为调用 :func:`repr`。 ``ZoneInfo`` 的 " +"``repr`` 是由具体实现定义的并且不一定会在不同版本间保持稳定，但它保证不会是一个有效的 ``ZoneInfo`` 键。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:291 +msgid "Pickle serialization" +msgstr "封存序列化" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:293 +msgid "" +"Rather than serializing all transition data, ``ZoneInfo`` objects are " +"serialized by key, and ``ZoneInfo`` objects constructed from files (even " +"those with a value for ``key`` specified) cannot be pickled." +msgstr "" +"``ZoneInfo`` 对象的序列化是基于键的，而不是序列化所有过渡数据，并且基于文件构造的 ``ZoneInfo`` 对象（即使是指定了 " +"``key`` 值的对象）不能被封存。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:297 +msgid "The behavior of a ``ZoneInfo`` file depends on how it was constructed:" +msgstr "``ZoneInfo`` 文件的行为取决于它的构造方式:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:299 +msgid "" +"``ZoneInfo(key)``: When constructed with the primary constructor, a " +"``ZoneInfo`` object is serialized by key, and when deserialized, the " +"deserializing process uses the primary and thus it is expected that these " +"are expected to be the same object as other references to the same time " +"zone. For example, if ``europe_berlin_pkl`` is a string containing a pickle" +" constructed from ``ZoneInfo(\"Europe/Berlin\")``, one would expect the " +"following behavior:" +msgstr "" +"``ZoneInfo(key)``: 当使用主构造器构造时，会基于键序列化一个 ``ZoneInfo`` " +"对象，而当反序列化时，反序列化过程会使用主构造器，因此预期它们与其他对同一时区的引用会是同一对象。 例如，如果 " +"``europe_berlin_pkl`` 是一个包含基于 ``ZoneInfo(\"Europe/Berlin\")`` " +"构建的封存数据的字符串，你可以预期出现以下的行为:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:307 +msgid "" +">>> a = ZoneInfo(\"Europe/Berlin\")\n" +">>> b = pickle.loads(europe_berlin_pkl)\n" +">>> a is b\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> a = ZoneInfo(\"Europe/Berlin\")\n" +">>> b = pickle.loads(europe_berlin_pkl)\n" +">>> a is b\n" +"True" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:314 +msgid "" +"``ZoneInfo.no_cache(key)``: When constructed from the cache-bypassing " +"constructor, the ``ZoneInfo`` object is also serialized by key, but when " +"deserialized, the deserializing process uses the cache bypassing " +"constructor. If ``europe_berlin_pkl_nc`` is a string containing a pickle " +"constructed from ``ZoneInfo.no_cache(\"Europe/Berlin\")``, one would expect " +"the following behavior:" +msgstr "" +"``ZoneInfo.no_cache(key)``: 当通过绕过缓存的构造器构造时，``ZoneInfo`` " +"对象也会基于键序列化，但当反序列化时，反序列化过程会使用绕过缓存的构造器。 如果 ``europe_berlin_pkl_nc`` 是一个包含基于 " +"``ZoneInfo.no_cache(\"Europe/Berlin\")`` 构造的封存数据的字符串，你可以预期出现以下的行为:" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:321 +msgid "" +">>> a = ZoneInfo(\"Europe/Berlin\")\n" +">>> b = pickle.loads(europe_berlin_pkl_nc)\n" +">>> a is b\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> a = ZoneInfo(\"Europe/Berlin\")\n" +">>> b = pickle.loads(europe_berlin_pkl_nc)\n" +">>> a is b\n" +"False" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:328 +msgid "" +"``ZoneInfo.from_file(fobj, /, key=None)``: When constructed from a file, the" +" ``ZoneInfo`` object raises an exception on pickling. If an end user wants " +"to pickle a ``ZoneInfo`` constructed from a file, it is recommended that " +"they use a wrapper type or a custom serialization function: either " +"serializing by key or storing the contents of the file object and " +"serializing that." +msgstr "" +"``ZoneInfo.from_file(fobj, /, key=None)``: 当通过文件构造时，``ZoneInfo`` " +"对象会在封存时引发异常。 如果最终用户想要封存通过文件构造的 " +"``ZoneInfo``，则推荐他们使用包装类型或自定义序列化函数：或者基于键序列化，或者存储文件对象的内容并将其序列化。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:334 +msgid "" +"This method of serialization requires that the time zone data for the " +"required key be available on both the serializing and deserializing side, " +"similar to the way that references to classes and functions are expected to " +"exist in both the serializing and deserializing environments. It also means " +"that no guarantees are made about the consistency of results when unpickling" +" a ``ZoneInfo`` pickled in an environment with a different version of the " +"time zone data." +msgstr "" +"该序列化方法要求所需键的时区数据在序列化和反序列化中均可用，类似于在序列化和反序列化环境中都预期存在对类和函数的引用的方式。 " +"这还意味着在具有不同时区数据版本的环境中当解封被封存的 ``ZoneInfo`` 时并不会保证结果的一致性。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:342 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "函数" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:346 +msgid "" +"Get a set containing all the valid keys for IANA time zones available " +"anywhere on the time zone path. This is recalculated on every call to the " +"function." +msgstr "获取一个包含可用 IANA 时区的在时区路径的任何位置均可用的全部有效键的集合。 每次调用该函数时都会重新计算。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:350 +msgid "" +"This function only includes canonical zone names and does not include " +"\"special\" zones such as those under the ``posix/`` and ``right/`` " +"directories, or the ``posixrules`` zone." +msgstr "" +"此函数仅包括规范时区名称而不包括“特殊”时区如位于 ``posix/`` 和 ``right/`` 目录下的时区或 ``posixrules`` 时区。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:356 +msgid "" +"This function may open a large number of files, as the best way to determine" +" if a file on the time zone path is a valid time zone is to read the \"magic" +" string\" at the beginning." +msgstr "此函数可能会打开大量的文件，因为确定时区路径上某个文件是否为有效时区的最佳方式是读取开头位置的“魔术字符串”。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:362 +msgid "" +"These values are not designed to be exposed to end-users; for user facing " +"elements, applications should use something like CLDR (the Unicode Common " +"Locale Data Repository) to get more user-friendly strings. See also the " +"cautionary note on :attr:`ZoneInfo.key`." +msgstr "" +"这些值并不被设计用来对外公开给最终用户；对于面向用户的元素，应用程序应当使用 CLDR (Unicode 通用区域数据存储库) " +"之类来获取更为用户友好的字符串。 另请参阅 :attr:`ZoneInfo.key` 中的提示性说明。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Sets or resets the time zone search path (:data:`TZPATH`) for the module. " +"When called with no arguments, :data:`TZPATH` is set to the default value." +msgstr "设置或重置模块的时区搜索路径 (:data:`TZPATH`)。 当不带参数调用时，:data:`TZPATH` 会被设为默认值。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:372 +msgid "" +"Calling ``reset_tzpath`` will not invalidate the :class:`ZoneInfo` cache, " +"and so calls to the primary ``ZoneInfo`` constructor will only use the new " +"``TZPATH`` in the case of a cache miss." +msgstr "" +"调用 ``reset_tzpath`` 将不会使 :class:`ZoneInfo` 缓存失效，因而在缓存未命中的情况下对主 ``ZoneInfo`` " +"构造器的调用将只使用新的 ``TZPATH``。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:376 +msgid "" +"The ``to`` parameter must be a :term:`sequence` of strings or " +":class:`os.PathLike` and not a string, all of which must be absolute paths. " +":exc:`ValueError` will be raised if something other than an absolute path is" +" passed." +msgstr "" +"``to`` 形参必须是由字符串或 :class:`os.PathLike` 组成的 :term:`sequence` " +"或而不是字符串，它们必须都是绝对路径。 如果所传入的不是绝对路径则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:382 +msgid "Globals" +msgstr "全局变量" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:386 +msgid "" +"A read-only sequence representing the time zone search path -- when " +"constructing a ``ZoneInfo`` from a key, the key is joined to each entry in " +"the ``TZPATH``, and the first file found is used." +msgstr "" +"一个表示时区搜索路径的只读序列 -- 当通过键构造 ``ZoneInfo`` 时，键会与 ``TZPATH`` " +"中的每个条目进行合并，并使用所找到的第一个文件。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:390 +msgid "" +"``TZPATH`` may contain only absolute paths, never relative paths, regardless" +" of how it is configured." +msgstr "``TZPATH`` 可以只包含绝对路径，绝不包含相对路径，无论它是如何配置的。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:393 +msgid "" +"The object that ``zoneinfo.TZPATH`` points to may change in response to a " +"call to :func:`reset_tzpath`, so it is recommended to use " +"``zoneinfo.TZPATH`` rather than importing ``TZPATH`` from ``zoneinfo`` or " +"assigning a long-lived variable to ``zoneinfo.TZPATH``." +msgstr "" +"``zoneinfo.TZPATH`` 所指向的对象可能随着对 :func:`reset_tzpath` 的调用而改变，因此推荐使用 " +"``zoneinfo.TZPATH`` 而不是从 ``zoneinfo`` 导入 ``TZPATH`` 或是将 ``zoneinfo.TZPATH`` " +"赋值给一个长期变量。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:398 +msgid "" +"For more information on configuring the time zone search path, see " +":ref:`zoneinfo_data_configuration`." +msgstr "有关配置时区搜索路径的更多信息，请参阅 :ref:`zoneinfo_data_configuration`。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:402 +msgid "Exceptions and warnings" +msgstr "异常与警告" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Raised when construction of a :class:`ZoneInfo` object fails because the " +"specified key could not be found on the system. This is a subclass of " +":exc:`KeyError`." +msgstr "" +"当一个 :class:`ZoneInfo` 对象的构造由于在系统中找不到指定的键而失败时引发。 这是 :exc:`KeyError` 的一个子类。" + +#: ../../library/zoneinfo.rst:412 +msgid "" +"Raised when :envvar:`PYTHONTZPATH` contains an invalid component that will " +"be filtered out, such as a relative path." +msgstr "当 :envvar:`PYTHONTZPATH` 包含将被过滤掉的无效组件，例如一个相对路径时引发。" diff --git a/license.po b/license.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0898dbc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/license.po @@ -0,0 +1,2287 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汪心禾 , 2021 +# kily zhou , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-03 17:40+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../license.rst:7 +msgid "History and License" +msgstr "历史和许可证" + +#: ../../license.rst:11 +msgid "History of the software" +msgstr "该软件的历史" + +#: ../../license.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting " +"Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see https://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands as a " +"successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's principal " +"author, although it includes many contributions from others." +msgstr "" +"Python 是在 1990 年代初由 Guido van Rossum 在荷兰的 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum " +"(CWI，见 https://www.cwi.nl) 作为一门名为 ABC 的语言的后继者创造的。 Guido 仍然是 Python " +"的主要作者，尽管它也包括了许多来自其他人的贡献。" + +#: ../../license.rst:18 +msgid "" +"In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for National " +"Research Initiatives (CNRI, see https://www.cnri.reston.va.us) in Reston, " +"Virginia where he released several versions of the software." +msgstr "" +"在 1995 年，Guido 在弗吉尼亚州 Reston 市的 Corporation for National Research " +"Initiatives (CNRI，见 https://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 继续他对 Python " +"的工作，他在那里发布了该软件的多个版本。" + +#: ../../license.rst:22 +msgid "" +"In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to BeOpen.com " +"to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same year, the " +"PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became Zope Corporation. " +"In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see " +"https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization created " +"specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation " +"was a sponsoring member of the PSF." +msgstr "" +"在 2000 年 5 月，Guido 和 Python 核心开发团队移至 BeOpen.com 组建了 BeOpen PythonLabs 团队。 同年" +" 10 月，PythonLabs 团队移至 Digital Creations，后改名为 Zope Corporation。 在 2001 " +"年，Python Software Foundation (PSF，见 https://www.python.org/psf/) " +"成立，这是一个专门为持有与 Python 相关的知识产权而创立的非营利组织。 Zope Corporation 是 PSF 的一个赞助成员。" + +#: ../../license.rst:30 +msgid "" +"All Python releases are Open Source (see https://opensource.org for the Open" +" Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have " +"also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes the various releases." +msgstr "" +"所有 Python 发布版都是开源的 (有关开源的定义见 https://opensource.org)。 在历史上，大多数但并非全部 Python " +"发布版还是 GPL 兼容的；下表总结了各个版本的情况。" + +#: ../../license.rst:35 +msgid "Release" +msgstr "发布版本" + +#: ../../license.rst:35 +msgid "Derived from" +msgstr "源自" + +#: ../../license.rst:35 +msgid "Year" +msgstr "年份" + +#: ../../license.rst:35 +msgid "Owner" +msgstr "所有者" + +#: ../../license.rst:35 +msgid "GPL-compatible? (1)" +msgstr "GPL 兼容? (1)" + +#: ../../license.rst:37 +msgid "0.9.0 thru 1.2" +msgstr "0.9.0 至 1.2" + +#: ../../license.rst:37 +msgid "n/a" +msgstr "n/a" + +#: ../../license.rst:37 +msgid "1991-1995" +msgstr "1991-1995" + +#: ../../license.rst:37 +msgid "CWI" +msgstr "CWI" + +#: ../../license.rst:37 ../../license.rst:39 ../../license.rst:49 +#: ../../license.rst:51 ../../license.rst:53 ../../license.rst:55 +#: ../../license.rst:57 +msgid "yes" +msgstr "是" + +#: ../../license.rst:39 +msgid "1.3 thru 1.5.2" +msgstr "1.3 至 1.5.2" + +#: ../../license.rst:39 +msgid "1.2" +msgstr "1.2" + +#: ../../license.rst:39 +msgid "1995-1999" +msgstr "1995-1999" + +#: ../../license.rst:39 ../../license.rst:41 ../../license.rst:45 +msgid "CNRI" +msgstr "CNRI" + +#: ../../license.rst:41 ../../license.rst:43 ../../license.rst:45 +msgid "1.6" +msgstr "1.6" + +#: ../../license.rst:41 +msgid "1.5.2" +msgstr "1.5.2" + +#: ../../license.rst:41 ../../license.rst:43 +msgid "2000" +msgstr "2000" + +#: ../../license.rst:41 ../../license.rst:43 ../../license.rst:47 +msgid "no" +msgstr "否" + +#: ../../license.rst:43 +msgid "2.0" +msgstr "2.0" + +#: ../../license.rst:43 +msgid "BeOpen.com" +msgstr "BeOpen.com" + +#: ../../license.rst:45 +msgid "1.6.1" +msgstr "1.6.1" + +#: ../../license.rst:45 ../../license.rst:47 ../../license.rst:49 +#: ../../license.rst:51 +msgid "2001" +msgstr "2001" + +#: ../../license.rst:45 +msgid "yes (2)" +msgstr "是 (2)" + +#: ../../license.rst:47 +msgid "2.1" +msgstr "2.1" + +#: ../../license.rst:47 ../../license.rst:49 +msgid "2.0+1.6.1" +msgstr "2.0+1.6.1" + +#: ../../license.rst:47 ../../license.rst:49 ../../license.rst:51 +#: ../../license.rst:53 ../../license.rst:55 ../../license.rst:57 +msgid "PSF" +msgstr "PSF" + +#: ../../license.rst:49 +msgid "2.0.1" +msgstr "2.0.1" + +#: ../../license.rst:51 ../../license.rst:53 ../../license.rst:57 +msgid "2.1.1" +msgstr "2.1.1" + +#: ../../license.rst:51 +msgid "2.1+2.0.1" +msgstr "2.1+2.0.1" + +#: ../../license.rst:53 ../../license.rst:55 +msgid "2.1.2" +msgstr "2.1.2" + +#: ../../license.rst:53 ../../license.rst:55 +msgid "2002" +msgstr "2002" + +#: ../../license.rst:55 +msgid "2.1.3" +msgstr "2.1.3" + +#: ../../license.rst:57 +msgid "2.2 and above" +msgstr "2.2 及更高" + +#: ../../license.rst:57 +msgid "2001-now" +msgstr "2001 至今" + +#: ../../license.rst:62 +msgid "" +"GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under the GPL. " +"All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute a modified version " +"without making your changes open source. The GPL-compatible licenses make it" +" possible to combine Python with other software that is released under the " +"GPL; the others don't." +msgstr "" +"GPL 兼容并不意味着我们是基于 GPL 发布 Python。 与 GPL 不同，所有 Python " +"许可证都允许你分发经修改的版本而无需开源你所做的修改。 GPL 兼容的许可证使得 Python 可以与其他基于 GPL " +"发布的软件结合使用；其他许可证则不可以。" + +#: ../../license.rst:68 +msgid "" +"According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, because its " +"license has a choice of law clause. According to CNRI, however, Stallman's " +"lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 is \"not incompatible\" with the " +"GPL." +msgstr "" +"按照 Richard Stallman 的说法，1.6.1 不是 GPL 兼容的，因为它的许可证包含特定的法律条款。 但是按照 CNRI " +"的说法，Stallman 的律师已告诉 CNRI 的律师 1.6.1 与 GPL \"并非不兼容\"。" + +#: ../../license.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's " +"direction to make these releases possible." +msgstr "感谢众多在 Guido 指导下工作的外部志愿者，使得这些发布成为可能。" + +#: ../../license.rst:77 +msgid "Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python" +msgstr "获取或以其他方式使用 Python 的条款和条件" + +#: ../../license.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Python software and documentation are licensed under the Python Software " +"Foundation License Version 2." +msgstr "Python 软件和文档的使用许可均为 Python Software Foundation License Version 2。" + +#: ../../license.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in the " +"documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2 and the " +":ref:`Zero-Clause BSD license `." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.8.6 开始，文档中的示例、操作指导和其他代码均采用 PSF License Version 2 和 :ref:`Zero-" +"Clause BSD license ` 双重使用许可。" + +#: ../../license.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses. The " +"licenses are listed with code falling under that license. See " +":ref:`OtherLicenses` for an incomplete list of these licenses." +msgstr "" +"某些包含在 Python 中的软件基于不同的许可。这些许可会与相应许可之下的代码一同列出。有关这些许可的不完整列表请参阅 " +":ref:`OtherLicenses`。" + +#: ../../license.rst:94 +msgid "PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2" +msgstr "PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2" + +#: ../../license.rst:98 +msgid "" +"1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation (\"PSF\"), and\n" +" the Individual or Organization (\"Licensee\") accessing and otherwise using this\n" +" software (\"Python\") in source or binary form and its associated documentation.\n" +"\n" +"2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby\n" +" grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,\n" +" analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,\n" +" distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative\n" +" version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of\n" +" copyright, i.e., \"Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation; All Rights\n" +" Reserved\" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version\n" +" prepared by Licensee.\n" +"\n" +"3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or\n" +" incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make the\n" +" derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby\n" +" agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python.\n" +"\n" +"4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an \"AS IS\" basis.\n" +" PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF\n" +" EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR\n" +" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE\n" +" USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.\n" +"\n" +"5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON\n" +" FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF\n" +" MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, OR ANY DERIVATIVE\n" +" THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.\n" +"\n" +"6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of\n" +" its terms and conditions.\n" +"\n" +"7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship\n" +" of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee. This License\n" +" Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a\n" +" trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any\n" +" third party.\n" +"\n" +"8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee agrees\n" +" to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement." +msgstr "" +"1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation (\"PSF\"), and\n" +" the Individual or Organization (\"Licensee\") accessing and otherwise using this\n" +" software (\"Python\") in source or binary form and its associated documentation.\n" +"\n" +"2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby\n" +" grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,\n" +" analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,\n" +" distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative\n" +" version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of\n" +" copyright, i.e., \"Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation; All Rights\n" +" Reserved\" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version\n" +" prepared by Licensee.\n" +"\n" +"3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or\n" +" incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make the\n" +" derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby\n" +" agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python.\n" +"\n" +"4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an \"AS IS\" basis.\n" +" PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF\n" +" EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR\n" +" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE\n" +" USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.\n" +"\n" +"5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON\n" +" FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF\n" +" MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, OR ANY DERIVATIVE\n" +" THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.\n" +"\n" +"6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of\n" +" its terms and conditions.\n" +"\n" +"7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship\n" +" of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee. This License\n" +" Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a\n" +" trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any\n" +" third party.\n" +"\n" +"8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee agrees\n" +" to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement." + +#: ../../license.rst:141 +msgid "BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0" +msgstr "用于 PYTHON 2.0 的 BEOPEN.COM 许可协议" + +#: ../../license.rst:143 +msgid "BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1" +msgstr "BEOPEN PYTHON 开源许可协议第 1 版" + +#: ../../license.rst:147 +msgid "" +"1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com (\"BeOpen\"), having an office at\n" +" 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the Individual or Organization\n" +" (\"Licensee\") accessing and otherwise using this software in source or binary\n" +" form and its associated documentation (\"the Software\").\n" +"\n" +"2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License Agreement,\n" +" BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license\n" +" to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative\n" +" works, distribute, and otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative\n" +" version, provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the\n" +" Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.\n" +"\n" +"3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an \"AS IS\" basis.\n" +" BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF\n" +" EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR\n" +" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE\n" +" USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.\n" +"\n" +"4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR\n" +" ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING,\n" +" MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF\n" +" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.\n" +"\n" +"5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of\n" +" its terms and conditions.\n" +"\n" +"6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects\n" +" by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of law provisions.\n" +" Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of\n" +" agency, partnership, or joint venture between BeOpen and Licensee. This License\n" +" Agreement does not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a\n" +" trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any\n" +" third party. As an exception, the \"BeOpen Python\" logos available at\n" +" http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the permissions\n" +" granted on that web page.\n" +"\n" +"7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee agrees to be\n" +" bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement." +msgstr "" +"1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com (\"BeOpen\"), having an office at\n" +" 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the Individual or Organization\n" +" (\"Licensee\") accessing and otherwise using this software in source or binary\n" +" form and its associated documentation (\"the Software\").\n" +"\n" +"2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License Agreement,\n" +" BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license\n" +" to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative\n" +" works, distribute, and otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative\n" +" version, provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the\n" +" Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.\n" +"\n" +"3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an \"AS IS\" basis.\n" +" BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF\n" +" EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR\n" +" WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE\n" +" USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.\n" +"\n" +"4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR\n" +" ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING,\n" +" MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF\n" +" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.\n" +"\n" +"5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of\n" +" its terms and conditions.\n" +"\n" +"6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects\n" +" by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of law provisions.\n" +" Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of\n" +" agency, partnership, or joint venture between BeOpen and Licensee. This License\n" +" Agreement does not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a\n" +" trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any\n" +" third party. As an exception, the \"BeOpen Python\" logos available at\n" +" http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the permissions\n" +" granted on that web page.\n" +"\n" +"7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee agrees to be\n" +" bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement." + +#: ../../license.rst:188 +msgid "CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1" +msgstr "用于 PYTHON 1.6.1 的 CNRI 许可协议" + +#: ../../license.rst:192 +msgid "" +"1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research\n" +" Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191\n" +" (\"CNRI\"), and the Individual or Organization (\"Licensee\") accessing and\n" +" otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its\n" +" associated documentation.\n" +"\n" +"2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby\n" +" grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,\n" +" analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,\n" +" distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version,\n" +" provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright,\n" +" i.e., \"Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All\n" +" Rights Reserved\" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version\n" +" prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement,\n" +" Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): \"Python 1.6.1\n" +" is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's License\n" +" Agreement. This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the\n" +" internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle):\n" +" 1895.22/1013. This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the\n" +" internet using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013\".\n" +"\n" +"3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or\n" +" incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative\n" +" work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to\n" +" include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.\n" +"\n" +"4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an \"AS IS\" basis. CNRI\n" +" MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE,\n" +" BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY\n" +" OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF\n" +" PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.\n" +"\n" +"5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 1.6.1 FOR\n" +" ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF\n" +" MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE\n" +" THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.\n" +"\n" +"6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of\n" +" its terms and conditions.\n" +"\n" +"7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal intellectual property\n" +" law of the United States, including without limitation the federal copyright\n" +" law, and, to the extent such U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the\n" +" Commonwealth of Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.\n" +" Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based on Python\n" +" 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was previously distributed\n" +" under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of\n" +" Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only as to issues arising under or\n" +" with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in\n" +" this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency,\n" +" partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This License Agreement\n" +" does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark\n" +" sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third\n" +" party.\n" +"\n" +"8. By clicking on the \"ACCEPT\" button where indicated, or by copying, installing\n" +" or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and\n" +" conditions of this License Agreement." +msgstr "" +"1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research\n" +" Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191\n" +" (\"CNRI\"), and the Individual or Organization (\"Licensee\") accessing and\n" +" otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its\n" +" associated documentation.\n" +"\n" +"2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby\n" +" grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,\n" +" analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,\n" +" distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version,\n" +" provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright,\n" +" i.e., \"Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All\n" +" Rights Reserved\" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version\n" +" prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement,\n" +" Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): \"Python 1.6.1\n" +" is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's License\n" +" Agreement. This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the\n" +" internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle):\n" +" 1895.22/1013. This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the\n" +" internet using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013\".\n" +"\n" +"3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or\n" +" incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative\n" +" work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to\n" +" include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.\n" +"\n" +"4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an \"AS IS\" basis. CNRI\n" +" MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE,\n" +" BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY\n" +" OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF\n" +" PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.\n" +"\n" +"5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 1.6.1 FOR\n" +" ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF\n" +" MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE\n" +" THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.\n" +"\n" +"6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of\n" +" its terms and conditions.\n" +"\n" +"7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal intellectual property\n" +" law of the United States, including without limitation the federal copyright\n" +" law, and, to the extent such U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the\n" +" Commonwealth of Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.\n" +" Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based on Python\n" +" 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was previously distributed\n" +" under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of\n" +" Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only as to issues arising under or\n" +" with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in\n" +" this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency,\n" +" partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This License Agreement\n" +" does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark\n" +" sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third\n" +" party.\n" +"\n" +"8. By clicking on the \"ACCEPT\" button where indicated, or by copying, installing\n" +" or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and\n" +" conditions of this License Agreement." + +#: ../../license.rst:253 +msgid "CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2" +msgstr "用于 PYTHON 0.9.0 至 1.2 的 CWI 许可协议" + +#: ../../license.rst:257 +msgid "" +"Copyright © 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, The\n" +"Netherlands. All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its\n" +"documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that\n" +"the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright\n" +"notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that\n" +"the name of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or\n" +"publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written\n" +"prior permission.\n" +"\n" +"STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO\n" +"EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT\n" +"OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,\n" +"DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS\n" +"ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright © 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, The\n" +"Netherlands. All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its\n" +"documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that\n" +"the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright\n" +"notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that\n" +"the name of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or\n" +"publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written\n" +"prior permission.\n" +"\n" +"STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO\n" +"EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT\n" +"OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,\n" +"DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS\n" +"ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:280 +msgid "ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION" +msgstr "ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION" + +#: ../../license.rst:284 +msgid "" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any\n" +"purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH\n" +"REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\n" +"AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,\n" +"INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM\n" +"LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR\n" +"OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\n" +"PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any\n" +"purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH\n" +"REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\n" +"AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,\n" +"INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM\n" +"LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR\n" +"OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\n" +"PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:299 +msgid "Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software" +msgstr "收录软件的许可与鸣谢" + +#: ../../license.rst:301 +msgid "" +"This section is an incomplete, but growing list of licenses and " +"acknowledgements for third-party software incorporated in the Python " +"distribution." +msgstr "本节是Python发行版中收录的第三方软件的许可和致谢清单，该清单是不完整且不断增长的。" + +#: ../../license.rst:306 +msgid "Mersenne Twister" +msgstr "Mersenne Twister" + +#: ../../license.rst:308 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!_random` C extension underlying the :mod:`random` module includes" +" code based on a download from " +"http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/MT2002/emt19937ar.html. The " +"following are the verbatim comments from the original code::" +msgstr "" +"作为 :mod:`random` 模块下层的 :mod:`!_random` C 扩展包括基于从 " +"http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/MT2002/emt19937ar.html " +"下载的代码。 以下是原始代码的完整注释::" + +#: ../../license.rst:313 +msgid "" +"A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26.\n" +"Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.\n" +"\n" +"Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)\n" +"or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).\n" +"\n" +"Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"\n" +" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +" 3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote\n" +" products derived from this software without specific prior written\n" +" permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n" +"\"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n" +"A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR\n" +"CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,\n" +"EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,\n" +"PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR\n" +"PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF\n" +"LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING\n" +"NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Any feedback is very welcome.\n" +"http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/emt.html\n" +"email: m-mat @ math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp (remove space)" +msgstr "" +"A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26.\n" +"Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.\n" +"\n" +"Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)\n" +"or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).\n" +"\n" +"Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"\n" +" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +" 3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote\n" +" products derived from this software without specific prior written\n" +" permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n" +"\"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n" +"A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR\n" +"CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,\n" +"EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,\n" +"PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR\n" +"PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF\n" +"LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING\n" +"NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Any feedback is very welcome.\n" +"http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/emt.html\n" +"email: m-mat @ math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp (remove space)" + +#: ../../license.rst:356 +msgid "Sockets" +msgstr "套接字" + +#: ../../license.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module uses the functions, :c:func:`!getaddrinfo`, and " +":c:func:`!getnameinfo`, which are coded in separate source files from the " +"WIDE Project, https://www.wide.ad.jp/. ::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`socket` 使用了 :c:func:`!getaddrinfo` 和 :c:func:`!getnameinfo` WIDE " +"项目的不同源文件中: https://www.wide.ad.jp/ ::" + +#: ../../license.rst:362 +msgid "" +"Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors\n" +" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software\n" +" without specific prior written permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n" +"ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n" +"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n" +"DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n" +"OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n" +"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n" +"OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n" +"SUCH DAMAGE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors\n" +" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software\n" +" without specific prior written permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n" +"ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n" +"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n" +"DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n" +"OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n" +"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n" +"OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n" +"SUCH DAMAGE." + +#: ../../license.rst:391 +msgid "Asynchronous socket services" +msgstr "异步套接字服务" + +#: ../../license.rst:393 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!test.support.asynchat` and :mod:`!test.support.asyncore` modules " +"contain the following notice::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!test.support.asynchat` 和 :mod:`!test.support.asyncore` 模块包含以下说明。::" + +#: ../../license.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing\n" +"\n" +" All Rights Reserved\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and\n" +"its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby\n" +"granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all\n" +"copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission\n" +"notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam\n" +"Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to\n" +"distribution of the software without specific, written prior\n" +"permission.\n" +"\n" +"SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,\n" +"INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN\n" +"NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR\n" +"CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS\n" +"OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,\n" +"NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN\n" +"CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing\n" +"\n" +" All Rights Reserved\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and\n" +"its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby\n" +"granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all\n" +"copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission\n" +"notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam\n" +"Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to\n" +"distribution of the software without specific, written prior\n" +"permission.\n" +"\n" +"SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,\n" +"INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN\n" +"NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR\n" +"CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS\n" +"OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,\n" +"NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN\n" +"CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:419 +msgid "Cookie management" +msgstr "Cookie 管理" + +#: ../../license.rst:421 +msgid "The :mod:`http.cookies` module contains the following notice::" +msgstr ":mod:`http.cookies` 模块包含以下声明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:423 +msgid "" +"Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley \n" +"\n" +" All Rights Reserved\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software\n" +"and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby\n" +"granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all\n" +"copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission\n" +"notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of\n" +"Timothy O'Malley not be used in advertising or publicity\n" +"pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written\n" +"prior permission.\n" +"\n" +"Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\n" +"AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR\n" +"ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES\n" +"WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,\n" +"WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS\n" +"ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\n" +"PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley \n" +"\n" +" All Rights Reserved\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software\n" +"and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby\n" +"granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all\n" +"copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission\n" +"notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of\n" +"Timothy O'Malley not be used in advertising or publicity\n" +"pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written\n" +"prior permission.\n" +"\n" +"Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS\n" +"SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\n" +"AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR\n" +"ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES\n" +"WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,\n" +"WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS\n" +"ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\n" +"PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:447 +msgid "Execution tracing" +msgstr "执行追踪" + +#: ../../license.rst:449 +msgid "The :mod:`trace` module contains the following notice::" +msgstr ":mod:`trace` 模块包含以下声明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:451 +msgid "" +"portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...\n" +"err... reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the\n" +"Python 2.2 license.\n" +"Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx\n" +"http://zooko.com/\n" +"mailto:zooko@zooko.com\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.\n" +"Author: Skip Montanaro\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.\n" +"Author: Andrew Dalke\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.\n" +"Author: Skip Montanaro\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and\n" +"its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby\n" +"granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,\n" +"and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in\n" +"supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,\n" +"Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to\n" +"distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission." +msgstr "" +"portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...\n" +"err... reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the\n" +"Python 2.2 license.\n" +"Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx\n" +"http://zooko.com/\n" +"mailto:zooko@zooko.com\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.\n" +"Author: Skip Montanaro\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.\n" +"Author: Andrew Dalke\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.\n" +"Author: Skip Montanaro\n" +"\n" +"Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and\n" +"its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby\n" +"granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,\n" +"and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in\n" +"supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,\n" +"Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to\n" +"distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission." + +#: ../../license.rst:480 +msgid "UUencode and UUdecode functions" +msgstr "UUencode 与 UUdecode 函数" + +#: ../../license.rst:482 +msgid "The ``uu`` codec contains the following notice::" +msgstr "``uu`` 编解码器包含以下声明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:484 +msgid "" +"Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse\n" +"Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.\n" +" All Rights Reserved\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its\n" +"documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,\n" +"provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that\n" +"both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in\n" +"supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse\n" +"not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution\n" +"of the software without specific, written prior permission.\n" +"LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND\n" +"FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES\n" +"WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN\n" +"ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT\n" +"OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.\n" +"\n" +"Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:\n" +"- Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion\n" +" between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C\n" +" version is still 5 times faster, though.\n" +"- Arguments more compliant with Python standard" +msgstr "" +"Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse\n" +"Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.\n" +" All Rights Reserved\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its\n" +"documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,\n" +"provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that\n" +"both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in\n" +"supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse\n" +"not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution\n" +"of the software without specific, written prior permission.\n" +"LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND\n" +"FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES\n" +"WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN\n" +"ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT\n" +"OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.\n" +"\n" +"Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:\n" +"- Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion\n" +" between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C\n" +" version is still 5 times faster, though.\n" +"- Arguments more compliant with Python standard" + +#: ../../license.rst:510 +msgid "XML Remote Procedure Calls" +msgstr "XML 远程过程调用" + +#: ../../license.rst:512 +msgid "The :mod:`xmlrpc.client` module contains the following notice::" +msgstr ":mod:`xmlrpc.client` 模块包含以下声明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:514 +msgid "" +" The XML-RPC client interface is\n" +"\n" +"Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB\n" +"Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh\n" +"\n" +"By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its\n" +"associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,\n" +"and will comply with the following terms and conditions:\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and\n" +"its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is\n" +"hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in\n" +"all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission\n" +"notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of\n" +"Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity\n" +"pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written\n" +"prior permission.\n" +"\n" +"SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD\n" +"TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-\n" +"ABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR\n" +"BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY\n" +"DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,\n" +"WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS\n" +"ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE\n" +"OF THIS SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +" The XML-RPC client interface is\n" +"\n" +"Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB\n" +"Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh\n" +"\n" +"By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its\n" +"associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,\n" +"and will comply with the following terms and conditions:\n" +"\n" +"Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and\n" +"its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is\n" +"hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in\n" +"all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission\n" +"notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of\n" +"Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity\n" +"pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written\n" +"prior permission.\n" +"\n" +"SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD\n" +"TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-\n" +"ABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR\n" +"BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY\n" +"DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,\n" +"WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS\n" +"ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE\n" +"OF THIS SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:543 +msgid "test_epoll" +msgstr "test_epoll" + +#: ../../license.rst:545 +msgid "The :mod:`!test.test_epoll` module contains the following notice::" +msgstr ":mod:`!test.test_epoll` 模块包含以下说明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:547 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\n" +"included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n" +"NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE\n" +"LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION\n" +"OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION\n" +"WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\n" +"included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n" +"NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE\n" +"LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION\n" +"OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION\n" +"WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:569 +msgid "Select kqueue" +msgstr "Select kqueue" + +#: ../../license.rst:571 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`select` module contains the following notice for the kqueue " +"interface::" +msgstr ":mod:`select` 模块关于 kqueue 的接口包含以下声明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:574 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2000 Doug White, 2006 James Knight, 2007 Christian Heimes\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n" +"ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n" +"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n" +"DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n" +"OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n" +"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n" +"OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n" +"SUCH DAMAGE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2000 Doug White, 2006 James Knight, 2007 Christian Heimes\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n" +"ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n" +"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n" +"DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n" +"OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n" +"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n" +"OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n" +"SUCH DAMAGE." + +#: ../../license.rst:600 +msgid "SipHash24" +msgstr "SipHash24" + +#: ../../license.rst:602 +msgid "" +"The file :file:`Python/pyhash.c` contains Marek Majkowski' implementation of" +" Dan Bernstein's SipHash24 algorithm. It contains the following note::" +msgstr "" +":file:`Python/pyhash.c` 文件包含 Marek Majkowski' 对 Dan Bernstein 的SipHash24 " +"算法的实现。它包含以下声明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:605 +msgid "" +"\n" +"Copyright (c) 2013 Marek Majkowski \n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n" +"of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\n" +"in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\n" +"to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\n" +"copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n" +"furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n" +"all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Original location:\n" +" https://github.com/majek/csiphash/\n" +"\n" +"Solution inspired by code from:\n" +" Samuel Neves (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little)\n" +" djb (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little2)\n" +" Jean-Philippe Aumasson (https://131002.net/siphash/siphash24.c)" +msgstr "" +"\n" +"Copyright (c) 2013 Marek Majkowski \n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n" +"of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\n" +"in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\n" +"to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\n" +"copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n" +"furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n" +"all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"Original location:\n" +" https://github.com/majek/csiphash/\n" +"\n" +"Solution inspired by code from:\n" +" Samuel Neves (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little)\n" +" djb (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little2)\n" +" Jean-Philippe Aumasson (https://131002.net/siphash/siphash24.c)" + +#: ../../license.rst:629 +msgid "strtod and dtoa" +msgstr "strtod 和 dtoa" + +#: ../../license.rst:631 +msgid "" +"The file :file:`Python/dtoa.c`, which supplies C functions dtoa and strtod " +"for conversion of C doubles to and from strings, is derived from the file of" +" the same name by David M. Gay, currently available from " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20220517033456/http://www.netlib.org/fp/dtoa.c. " +"The original file, as retrieved on March 16, 2009, contains the following " +"copyright and licensing notice::" +msgstr "" +":file:`Python/dtoa.c` 文件提供了 C 函数 dtoa 和 strtod，用于 C 双精度数值和字符串之间的转换，它派生自由 " +"David M. Gay 编写的同名文件。 目前该文件可在 " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20220517033456/http://www.netlib.org/fp/dtoa.c " +"访问。 在 2009 年 3 月 16 日 检索到的原始文件包含以下版权和许可声明::" + +#: ../../license.rst:638 +msgid "" +"/****************************************************************\n" +" *\n" +" * The author of this software is David M. Gay.\n" +" *\n" +" * Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies.\n" +" *\n" +" * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any\n" +" * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice\n" +" * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy\n" +" * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting\n" +" * documentation for such software.\n" +" *\n" +" * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED\n" +" * WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR LUCENT MAKES ANY\n" +" * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY\n" +" * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n" +" *\n" +" ***************************************************************/" +msgstr "" +"/****************************************************************\n" +" *\n" +" * The author of this software is David M. Gay.\n" +" *\n" +" * Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies.\n" +" *\n" +" * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any\n" +" * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice\n" +" * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy\n" +" * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting\n" +" * documentation for such software.\n" +" *\n" +" * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED\n" +" * WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR LUCENT MAKES ANY\n" +" * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY\n" +" * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n" +" *\n" +" ***************************************************************/" + +#: ../../license.rst:659 +msgid "OpenSSL" +msgstr "OpenSSL" + +#: ../../license.rst:661 +msgid "" +"The modules :mod:`hashlib`, :mod:`posix` and :mod:`ssl` use the OpenSSL " +"library for added performance if made available by the operating system. " +"Additionally, the Windows and macOS installers for Python may include a copy" +" of the OpenSSL libraries, so we include a copy of the OpenSSL license here." +" For the OpenSSL 3.0 release, and later releases derived from that, the " +"Apache License v2 applies::" +msgstr "" +"如果操作系统有支持则 :mod:`hashlib`, :mod:`posix` 和 :mod:`ssl` 会使用 OpenSSL 库来提升性能。 " +"此外，Python 的 Windows 和 macOS 安装程序可能会包括 OpenSSL 库的副本，所以我们也在此包括一份 OpenSSL " +"许可证的副本。 对于 OpenSSL 3.0 发布版，及其后续衍生版本，均使用 Apache License v2::" + +#: ../../license.rst:669 +msgid "" +" Apache License\n" +" Version 2.0, January 2004\n" +" https://www.apache.org/licenses/\n" +"\n" +"TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION\n" +"\n" +"1. 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While redistributing\n" +" the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,\n" +" and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,\n" +" or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this\n" +" License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only\n" +" on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf\n" +" of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,\n" +" defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability\n" +" incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason\n" +" of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.\n" +"\n" +"END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS" +msgstr "" +" Apache License\n" +" Version 2.0, January 2004\n" +" https://www.apache.org/licenses/\n" +"\n" +"TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION\n" +"\n" +"1. 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Unless You explicitly state otherwise,\n" +" any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work\n" +" by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of\n" +" this License, without any additional terms or conditions.\n" +" Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify\n" +" the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed\n" +" with Licensor regarding such Contributions.\n" +"\n" +"6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade\n" +" names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,\n" +" except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the\n" +" origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.\n" +"\n" +"7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or\n" +" agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each\n" +" Contributor provides its Contributions) on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or\n" +" implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions\n" +" of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A\n" +" PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the\n" +" appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any\n" +" risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.\n" +"\n" +"8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,\n" +" whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,\n" +" unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly\n" +" negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be\n" +" liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,\n" +" incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a\n" +" result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the\n" +" Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,\n" +" work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all\n" +" other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor\n" +" has been advised of the possibility of such damages.\n" +"\n" +"9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing\n" +" the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,\n" +" and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,\n" +" or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this\n" +" License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only\n" +" on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf\n" +" of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,\n" +" defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability\n" +" incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason\n" +" of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.\n" +"\n" +"END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS" + +#: ../../license.rst:848 +msgid "expat" +msgstr "expat" + +#: ../../license.rst:850 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pyexpat ` extension is built using an included " +"copy of the expat sources unless the build is configured ``--with-system-" +"expat``::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pyexpat ` 扩展是使用所包括的 expat 源副本来构建的，除非配置了 ``--with-" +"system-expat``::" + +#: ../../license.rst:853 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd\n" +" and Clark Cooper\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included\n" +"in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.\n" +"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY\n" +"CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,\n" +"TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE\n" +"SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd\n" +" and Clark Cooper\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included\n" +"in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.\n" +"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY\n" +"CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,\n" +"TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE\n" +"SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:877 +msgid "libffi" +msgstr "libffi" + +#: ../../license.rst:879 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!_ctypes` C extension underlying the :mod:`ctypes` module is built" +" using an included copy of the libffi sources unless the build is configured" +" ``--with-system-libffi``::" +msgstr "" +"作为 :mod:`ctypes` 模块下层的 :mod:`!_ctypes` C 扩展是使用包括了 libffi 源的副本构建的，除非构建时配置了 " +"``--with-system-libffi``::" + +#: ../../license.rst:883 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 1996-2008 Red Hat, Inc and others.\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included\n" +"in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n" +"NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT\n" +"HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,\n" +"WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\n" +"OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER\n" +"DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 1996-2008 Red Hat, Inc and others.\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included\n" +"in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n" +"NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT\n" +"HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,\n" +"WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\n" +"OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER\n" +"DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:907 +msgid "zlib" +msgstr "zlib" + +#: ../../license.rst:909 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zlib` extension is built using an included copy of the zlib " +"sources if the zlib version found on the system is too old to be used for " +"the build::" +msgstr "如果系统上找到的zlib版本太旧而无法用于构建，则使用包含 zlib源代码的拷贝来构建 :mod:`zlib` 扩展::" + +#: ../../license.rst:913 +msgid "" +"Copyright (C) 1995-2011 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler\n" +"\n" +"This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied\n" +"warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages\n" +"arising from the use of this software.\n" +"\n" +"Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,\n" +"including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it\n" +"freely, subject to the following restrictions:\n" +"\n" +"1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not\n" +" claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software\n" +" in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be\n" +" appreciated but is not required.\n" +"\n" +"2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be\n" +" misrepresented as being the original software.\n" +"\n" +"3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.\n" +"\n" +"Jean-loup Gailly Mark Adler\n" +"jloup@gzip.org madler@alumni.caltech.edu" +msgstr "" +"Copyright (C) 1995-2011 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler\n" +"\n" +"This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied\n" +"warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages\n" +"arising from the use of this software.\n" +"\n" +"Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,\n" +"including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it\n" +"freely, subject to the following restrictions:\n" +"\n" +"1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not\n" +" claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software\n" +" in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be\n" +" appreciated but is not required.\n" +"\n" +"2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be\n" +" misrepresented as being the original software.\n" +"\n" +"3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.\n" +"\n" +"Jean-loup Gailly Mark Adler\n" +"jloup@gzip.org madler@alumni.caltech.edu" + +#: ../../license.rst:938 +msgid "cfuhash" +msgstr "cfuhash" + +#: ../../license.rst:940 +msgid "" +"The implementation of the hash table used by the :mod:`tracemalloc` is based" +" on the cfuhash project::" +msgstr ":mod:`tracemalloc` 使用的哈希表的实现基于 cfuhash项目::" + +#: ../../license.rst:943 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2005 Don Owens\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"This code is released under the BSD license:\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"\n" +" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above\n" +" copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following\n" +" disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided\n" +" with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +" * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its\n" +" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived\n" +" from this software without specific prior written permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n" +"\"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS\n" +"FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n" +"COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,\n" +"INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES\n" +"(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR\n" +"SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,\n" +"STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n" +"ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED\n" +"OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2005 Don Owens\n" +"All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"This code is released under the BSD license:\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"\n" +" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above\n" +" copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following\n" +" disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided\n" +" with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +" * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its\n" +" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived\n" +" from this software without specific prior written permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n" +"\"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS\n" +"FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n" +"COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,\n" +"INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES\n" +"(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR\n" +"SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,\n" +"STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\n" +"ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED\n" +"OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." + +#: ../../license.rst:979 +msgid "libmpdec" +msgstr "libmpdec" + +#: ../../license.rst:981 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!_decimal` C extension underlying the :mod:`decimal` module is " +"built using an included copy of the libmpdec library unless the build is " +"configured ``--with-system-libmpdec``::" +msgstr "" +"作为 :mod:`decimal` 模块下层的 :mod:`!_decimal` C 扩展是使用包括了 libmpdec " +"库的副本构建的，除非构建时配置了 ``--with-system-libmpdec``::" + +#: ../../license.rst:985 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2008-2020 Stefan Krah. All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n" +"ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n" +"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n" +"DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n" +"OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n" +"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n" +"OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n" +"SUCH DAMAGE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2008-2020 Stefan Krah. All rights reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND\n" +"ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n" +"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n" +"FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n" +"DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n" +"OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n" +"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n" +"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n" +"OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n" +"SUCH DAMAGE." + +#: ../../license.rst:1012 +msgid "W3C C14N test suite" +msgstr "W3C C14N 测试套件" + +#: ../../license.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"The C14N 2.0 test suite in the :mod:`test` package " +"(``Lib/test/xmltestdata/c14n-20/``) was retrieved from the W3C website at " +"https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n2-testcases/ and is distributed under the " +"3-clause BSD license::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`test` 包中的 C14N 2.0 测试集 (``Lib/test/xmltestdata/c14n-20/``) 提取自 W3C 网站 " +"https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n2-testcases/ 并根据 3 条款版 BSD 许可证发行:" + +#: ../../license.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2013 W3C(R) (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang),\n" +"All Rights Reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +"* Redistributions of works must retain the original copyright notice,\n" +" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the original copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"* Neither the name of the W3C nor the names of its contributors may be\n" +" used to endorse or promote products derived from this work without\n" +" specific prior written permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n" +"\"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n" +"A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n" +"OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n" +"SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n" +"DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n" +"THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n" +"(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n" +"OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2013 W3C(R) (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang),\n" +"All Rights Reserved.\n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"\n" +"* Redistributions of works must retain the original copyright notice,\n" +" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n" +"* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the original copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"* Neither the name of the W3C nor the names of its contributors may be\n" +" used to endorse or promote products derived from this work without\n" +" specific prior written permission.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n" +"\"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n" +"A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n" +"OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n" +"SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n" +"LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n" +"DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n" +"THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n" +"(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n" +"OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." + +#: ../../license.rst:1051 +msgid "mimalloc" +msgstr "mimalloc" + +#: ../../license.rst:1053 +msgid "MIT License::" +msgstr "MIT 许可证::" + +#: ../../license.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Microsoft Corporation, Daan Leijen\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n" +"of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\n" +"in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\n" +"to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\n" +"copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n" +"furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all\n" +"copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n" +"IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n" +"FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n" +"AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n" +"LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\n" +"OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE\n" +"SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Microsoft Corporation, Daan Leijen\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n" +"of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\n" +"in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\n" +"to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\n" +"copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n" +"furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all\n" +"copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n" +"IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n" +"FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n" +"AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n" +"LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\n" +"OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE\n" +"SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:1077 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../license.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"Parts of the :mod:`asyncio` module are incorporated from `uvloop 0.16 " +"`_, which is distributed " +"under the MIT license::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 模块的某些部分来自 `uvloop 0.16 " +"`_，它是基于 MIT 许可证发行的::" + +#: ../../license.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2015-2021 MagicStack Inc. http://magic.io\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\n" +"included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n" +"NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE\n" +"LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION\n" +"OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION\n" +"WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2015-2021 MagicStack Inc. http://magic.io\n" +"\n" +"Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n" +"a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n" +"\"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n" +"without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n" +"distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n" +"permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n" +"the following conditions:\n" +"\n" +"The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\n" +"included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n" +"\n" +"THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n" +"EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n" +"MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n" +"NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE\n" +"LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION\n" +"OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION\n" +"WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE." + +#: ../../license.rst:1106 +msgid "Global Unbounded Sequences (GUS)" +msgstr "Global Unbounded Sequences (GUS)" + +#: ../../license.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"The file :file:`Python/qsbr.c` is adapted from FreeBSD's \"Global Unbounded " +"Sequences\" safe memory reclamation scheme in `subr_smr.c " +"`_. " +"The file is distributed under the 2-Clause BSD License::" +msgstr "" +"文件 :file:`Python/qsbr.c` 改编自 `subr_smr.c " +"`_ 中 " +"FreeBSD 的 \"Global Unbounded Sequences\" 安全内存回收方案。 该文件是基于 2 条款 BSD 许可证分发的::" + +#: ../../license.rst:1113 +msgid "" +"Copyright (c) 2019,2020 Jeffrey Roberson \n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following\n" +" disclaimer.\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES\n" +"OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.\n" +"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,\n" +"INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT\n" +"NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n" +"DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n" +"THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n" +"(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." +msgstr "" +"Copyright (c) 2019,2020 Jeffrey Roberson \n" +"\n" +"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n" +"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n" +"are met:\n" +"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n" +" notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following\n" +" disclaimer.\n" +"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n" +" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n" +" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n" +"\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR\n" +"IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES\n" +"OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.\n" +"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,\n" +"INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT\n" +"NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n" +"DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n" +"THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n" +"(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF\n" +"THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." diff --git a/reference/compound_stmts.po b/reference/compound_stmts.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9939bf117 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/compound_stmts.po @@ -0,0 +1,3389 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kade For, 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Y. Z. Chen <754097987@qq.com>, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2023 +# cissoid , 2023 +# Xu Siyuan, 2023 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:19+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:5 +msgid "Compound statements" +msgstr "复合语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:9 +msgid "" +"Compound statements contain (groups of) other statements; they affect or " +"control the execution of those other statements in some way. In general, " +"compound statements span multiple lines, although in simple incarnations a " +"whole compound statement may be contained in one line." +msgstr "" +"复合语句是包含其它语句（语句组）的语句；它们会以某种方式影响或控制所包含其它语句的执行。 " +"通常，复合语句会跨越多行，虽然在某些简单形式下整个复合语句也可能包含于一行之内。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`while` and :keyword:`for` statements implement " +"traditional control flow constructs. :keyword:`try` specifies exception " +"handlers and/or cleanup code for a group of statements, while the " +":keyword:`with` statement allows the execution of initialization and " +"finalization code around a block of code. Function and class definitions " +"are also syntactically compound statements." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`if`, :keyword:`while` 和 :keyword:`for` 语句用来实现传统的控制流程构造。 " +":keyword:`try` 语句为一组语句指定异常处理和/和清理代码，而 :keyword:`with` " +"语句允许在一个代码块周围执行初始化和终结化代码。 函数和类定义在语法上也属于复合语句。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:26 +msgid "" +"A compound statement consists of one or more 'clauses.' A clause consists " +"of a header and a 'suite.' The clause headers of a particular compound " +"statement are all at the same indentation level. Each clause header begins " +"with a uniquely identifying keyword and ends with a colon. A suite is a " +"group of statements controlled by a clause. A suite can be one or more " +"semicolon-separated simple statements on the same line as the header, " +"following the header's colon, or it can be one or more indented statements " +"on subsequent lines. Only the latter form of a suite can contain nested " +"compound statements; the following is illegal, mostly because it wouldn't be" +" clear to which :keyword:`if` clause a following :keyword:`else` clause " +"would belong::" +msgstr "" +"一条复合语句由一个或多个‘子句’组成。 一个子句则包含一个句头和一个‘句体’。 特定复合语句的子句头都处于相同的缩进层级。 " +"每个子句头以一个作为唯一标识的关键字开始并以一个冒号结束。 子句体是由一个子句控制的一组语句。 " +"子句体可以是在子句头的冒号之后与其同处一行的一条或由分号分隔的多条简单语句，或者也可以是在其之后缩进的一行或多行语句。 " +"只有后一种形式的子句体才能包含嵌套的复合语句；以下形式是不合法的，这主要是因为无法分清某个后续的 :keyword:`else` 子句应该属于哪个 " +":keyword:`if` 子句::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:37 +msgid "if test1: if test2: print(x)" +msgstr "if test1: if test2: print(x)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:39 +msgid "" +"Also note that the semicolon binds tighter than the colon in this context, " +"so that in the following example, either all or none of the :func:`print` " +"calls are executed::" +msgstr "还要注意的是在这种情形下分号的绑定比冒号更紧密，因此在以下示例中，所有 :func:`print` 调用或者都不执行，或者都执行::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:43 +msgid "if x < y < z: print(x); print(y); print(z)" +msgstr "if x < y < z: print(x); print(y); print(z)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:45 +msgid "Summarizing:" +msgstr "总结:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:69 +msgid "" +"Note that statements always end in a ``NEWLINE`` possibly followed by a " +"``DEDENT``. Also note that optional continuation clauses always begin with " +"a keyword that cannot start a statement, thus there are no ambiguities (the " +"'dangling :keyword:`else`' problem is solved in Python by requiring nested " +":keyword:`if` statements to be indented)." +msgstr "" +"请注意语句总是以 ``NEWLINE`` 结束，之后可能跟随一个 ``DEDENT``。 " +"还要注意可选的后续子句总是以一个不能作为语句开头的关键字作为开头，因此不会产生歧义（‘悬空的 :keyword:`else`’问题在 Python " +"中是通过要求嵌套的 :keyword:`if` 语句必须缩进来解决的)。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:75 +msgid "" +"The formatting of the grammar rules in the following sections places each " +"clause on a separate line for clarity." +msgstr "为了保证清晰，以下各节中语法规则采用将每个子句都放在单独行中的格式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:84 +msgid "The :keyword:`!if` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!if` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:92 +msgid "The :keyword:`if` statement is used for conditional execution:" +msgstr ":keyword:`if` 语句用于有条件的执行:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:99 +msgid "" +"It selects exactly one of the suites by evaluating the expressions one by " +"one until one is found to be true (see section :ref:`booleans` for the " +"definition of true and false); then that suite is executed (and no other " +"part of the :keyword:`if` statement is executed or evaluated). If all " +"expressions are false, the suite of the :keyword:`else` clause, if present, " +"is executed." +msgstr "" +"它通过对表达式逐个求值直至找到一个真值（请参阅 :ref:`booleans` " +"了解真值与假值的定义）在子句体中选择唯一匹配的一个；然后执行该子句体（而且 :keyword:`if` 语句的其他部分不会被执行或求值）。 " +"如果所有表达式均为假值，则如果 :keyword:`else` 子句体如果存在就会被执行。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:109 +msgid "The :keyword:`!while` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!while` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`while` statement is used for repeated execution as long as an " +"expression is true:" +msgstr ":keyword:`while` 语句用于在表达式保持为真的情况下重复地执行:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:124 +msgid "" +"This repeatedly tests the expression and, if it is true, executes the first " +"suite; if the expression is false (which may be the first time it is tested)" +" the suite of the :keyword:`!else` clause, if present, is executed and the " +"loop terminates." +msgstr "" +"这将重复地检验表达式，并且如果其值为真就执行第一个子句体；如果表达式值为假（这可能在第一次检验时就发生）则如果 :keyword:`!else` " +"子句体存在就会被执行并终止循环。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:133 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`break` statement executed in the first suite terminates the loop" +" without executing the :keyword:`!else` clause's suite. A " +":keyword:`continue` statement executed in the first suite skips the rest of " +"the suite and goes back to testing the expression." +msgstr "" +"第一个子句体中的 :keyword:`break` 语句在执行时将终止循环且不执行 :keyword:`!else` 子句体。 第一个子句体中的 " +":keyword:`continue` 语句在执行时将跳过子句体中的剩余部分并返回检验表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:142 +msgid "The :keyword:`!for` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!for` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:153 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`for` statement is used to iterate over the elements of a " +"sequence (such as a string, tuple or list) or other iterable object:" +msgstr ":keyword:`for` 语句用于对序列（例如字符串、元组或列表）或其他可迭代对象中的元素进行迭代:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The ``starred_list`` expression is evaluated once; it should yield an " +":term:`iterable` object. An :term:`iterator` is created for that iterable. " +"The first item provided by the iterator is then assigned to the target list " +"using the standard rules for assignments (see :ref:`assignment`), and the " +"suite is executed. This repeats for each item provided by the iterator. " +"When the iterator is exhausted, the suite in the :keyword:`!else` clause, if" +" present, is executed, and the loop terminates." +msgstr "" +"``starred_list`` 表达式会被求值一次；它应当产生一个 :term:`iterable` 对象。 将针对该可迭代对象创建一个 " +":term:`iterator`。 随后该迭代器所提供的第一个条目将使用标准的赋值规则被赋值给目标列表 (参见 " +":ref:`assignment`)，而代码块将被执行。 此过程将针对该迭代器所提供每个条目重复进行。 当迭代器被耗尽时，如果存在 " +":keyword:`!else` 子句中的代码块，则它将被执行，并终结循环。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:173 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`break` statement executed in the first suite terminates the loop" +" without executing the :keyword:`!else` clause's suite. A " +":keyword:`continue` statement executed in the first suite skips the rest of " +"the suite and continues with the next item, or with the :keyword:`!else` " +"clause if there is no next item." +msgstr "" +"第一个子句体中的 :keyword:`break` 语句在执行时将终止循环且不执行 :keyword:`!else` 子句体。 第一个子句体中的 " +":keyword:`continue` 语句在执行时将跳过子句体中的剩余部分并转往下一项继续执行，或者在没有下一项时转往 " +":keyword:`!else` 子句执行。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:179 +msgid "" +"The for-loop makes assignments to the variables in the target list. This " +"overwrites all previous assignments to those variables including those made " +"in the suite of the for-loop::" +msgstr "for 循环会对目标列表中的变量进行赋值。 这将覆盖之前对这些变量的所有赋值，包括在 for 循环体中的赋值::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:183 +msgid "" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" print(i)\n" +" i = 5 # this will not affect the for-loop\n" +" # because i will be overwritten with the next\n" +" # index in the range" +msgstr "" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" print(i)\n" +" i = 5 # 这不会影响 for 循环\n" +" # 因为它将被 range 对象中的下一个索引\n" +" # 所覆盖" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:193 +msgid "" +"Names in the target list are not deleted when the loop is finished, but if " +"the sequence is empty, they will not have been assigned to at all by the " +"loop. Hint: the built-in type :func:`range` represents immutable arithmetic" +" sequences of integers. For instance, iterating ``range(3)`` successively " +"yields 0, 1, and then 2." +msgstr "" +"目标列表中的名称在循环结束时不会被删除，但是如果序列为空，则它们将根本不会被循环所赋值。 提示：内置类型 :func:`range` " +"代表由整数组成的不可变算数序列。 例如，迭代 ``range(3)`` 将依次产生 0, 1 和 2。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:198 +msgid "Starred elements are now allowed in the expression list." +msgstr "现在允许在表达式列表中使用带星号的元素。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:205 +msgid "The :keyword:`!try` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!try` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:215 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`!try` statement specifies exception handlers and/or cleanup " +"code for a group of statements:" +msgstr ":keyword:`!try` 语句可为一组语句指定异常处理器和/或清理代码:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Additional information on exceptions can be found in section " +":ref:`exceptions`, and information on using the :keyword:`raise` statement " +"to generate exceptions may be found in section :ref:`raise`." +msgstr "" +"有关异常的更多信息可以在 :ref:`exceptions` 一节找到，有关使用 :keyword:`raise` 语句生成异常的信息可以在 " +":ref:`raise` 一节找到。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:239 +msgid ":keyword:`!except` clause" +msgstr ":keyword:`!except` 子句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:241 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`!except` clause(s) specify one or more exception handlers. " +"When no exception occurs in the :keyword:`try` clause, no exception handler " +"is executed. When an exception occurs in the :keyword:`!try` suite, a search" +" for an exception handler is started. This search inspects the " +":keyword:`!except` clauses in turn until one is found that matches the " +"exception. An expression-less :keyword:`!except` clause, if present, must be" +" last; it matches any exception." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`!except` 子句指定一个或多个异常处理器。 当在 :keyword:`try` 子句中未发生异常时，将不会执行任何异常处理器。" +" 当在 :keyword:`!try` 语句块中发生异常时，将启动对异常处理器的搜索。 此搜索会依次检查 :keyword:`!except` " +"子句直至找到与异常相匹配的处理器。 不带表达式的 :keyword:`!except` 子句如果存在，则它必须是最后一个；它将匹配任何异常。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:249 +msgid "" +"For an :keyword:`!except` clause with an expression, the expression must " +"evaluate to an exception type or a tuple of exception types. The raised " +"exception matches an :keyword:`!except` clause whose expression evaluates to" +" the class or a :term:`non-virtual base class ` of the " +"exception object, or to a tuple that contains such a class." +msgstr "" +"对于带有表达式的 :keyword:`!except` 子句，该表达式必须被求值为一个异常类型或是由异常类型组成的元组。 " +"被引发的异常将会匹配某个表达式被求值为该异常对象对应的类或其 :term:`非虚基类 `，或者是包含该类的元组的 :keyword:`!except` 子句。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:255 +msgid "" +"If no :keyword:`!except` clause matches the exception, the search for an " +"exception handler continues in the surrounding code and on the invocation " +"stack. [#]_" +msgstr "如果没有 :keyword:`!except` 子句与异常相匹配，则会在周边代码和唤起栈上继续搜索异常处理器。 [#]_" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:259 +msgid "" +"If the evaluation of an expression in the header of an :keyword:`!except` " +"clause raises an exception, the original search for a handler is canceled " +"and a search starts for the new exception in the surrounding code and on the" +" call stack (it is treated as if the entire :keyword:`try` statement raised " +"the exception)." +msgstr "" +"如果在对 :keyword:`!except` " +"子句头部的表达式求值时引发了异常，则对处理器的原始搜索会被取消并在周边代码和调用栈上启动对新异常的搜索（它会被视作是整个 :keyword:`try` " +"语句所引发的异常）。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:267 +msgid "" +"When a matching :keyword:`!except` clause is found, the exception is " +"assigned to the target specified after the :keyword:`!as` keyword in that " +":keyword:`!except` clause, if present, and the :keyword:`!except` clause's " +"suite is executed. All :keyword:`!except` clauses must have an executable " +"block. When the end of this block is reached, execution continues normally " +"after the entire :keyword:`try` statement. (This means that if two nested " +"handlers exist for the same exception, and the exception occurs in the " +":keyword:`!try` clause of the inner handler, the outer handler will not " +"handle the exception.)" +msgstr "" +"当代到一个匹配的 :keyword:`!except` 子句时，异常将被赋值给该 :keyword:`!except` 子句在 " +":keyword:`!as` 关键字之后指定的目标，如果存在此关键字的话，并且该 :keyword:`!except` 子句的代码块将被执行。 所有 " +":keyword:`!except` 子句都必须有可执行的代码块。 当到达此类代码块的末尾时，通常会转到整个 :keyword:`try` " +"语句之后继续执行。 （这意味着如果对同一异常存在两个嵌套的处理器，并且异常发生在内层处理器的 :keyword:`!try` " +"子句中，则外层处理器将不会处理该异常。）" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:278 +msgid "" +"When an exception has been assigned using ``as target``, it is cleared at " +"the end of the :keyword:`!except` clause. This is as if ::" +msgstr "当使用 ``as target`` 来为异常赋值时，它将在 :keyword:`!except` 子句结束时被清除。 这就相当于 ::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:281 +msgid "" +"except E as N:\n" +" foo" +msgstr "" +"except E as N:\n" +" foo" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:284 +msgid "was translated to ::" +msgstr "被转写为 ::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:286 +msgid "" +"except E as N:\n" +" try:\n" +" foo\n" +" finally:\n" +" del N" +msgstr "" +"except E as N:\n" +" try:\n" +" foo\n" +" finally:\n" +" del N" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:292 +msgid "" +"This means the exception must be assigned to a different name to be able to " +"refer to it after the :keyword:`!except` clause. Exceptions are cleared " +"because with the traceback attached to them, they form a reference cycle " +"with the stack frame, keeping all locals in that frame alive until the next " +"garbage collection occurs." +msgstr "" +"这意味着异常必须被赋值给一个不同的名称才能在 :keyword:`!except` 子句之后引用它。 " +"异常会被清除是因为在附加了回溯信息的情况下它们会形成栈帧的循环引用，使得帧中的所有局部变量保持存活直到发生下一次垃圾回收。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:302 +msgid "" +"Before an :keyword:`!except` clause's suite is executed, the exception is " +"stored in the :mod:`sys` module, where it can be accessed from within the " +"body of the :keyword:`!except` clause by calling :func:`sys.exception`. When" +" leaving an exception handler, the exception stored in the :mod:`sys` module" +" is reset to its previous value::" +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`!except` 子句的代码块被执行之前，异常将保存在 :mod:`sys` 模块中，在那里它可以从 " +":keyword:`!except` 子句的语句体内部通过 :func:`sys.exception` 被访问。 当离开一个异常处理器时，保存在 " +":mod:`sys` 模块中的异常将被重置为在此之前的值::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:308 +msgid "" +">>> print(sys.exception())\n" +"None\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise TypeError\n" +"... except:\n" +"... print(repr(sys.exception()))\n" +"... try:\n" +"... raise ValueError\n" +"... except:\n" +"... print(repr(sys.exception()))\n" +"... print(repr(sys.exception()))\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError()\n" +"ValueError()\n" +"TypeError()\n" +">>> print(sys.exception())\n" +"None" +msgstr "" +">>> print(sys.exception())\n" +"None\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise TypeError\n" +"... except:\n" +"... print(repr(sys.exception()))\n" +"... try:\n" +"... raise ValueError\n" +"... except:\n" +"... print(repr(sys.exception()))\n" +"... print(repr(sys.exception()))\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError()\n" +"ValueError()\n" +"TypeError()\n" +">>> print(sys.exception())\n" +"None" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:333 +msgid ":keyword:`!except*` clause" +msgstr ":keyword:`!except*` 子句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:335 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`!except*` clause(s) are used for handling " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup`\\s. The exception type for matching is interpreted as " +"in the case of :keyword:`except`, but in the case of exception groups we can" +" have partial matches when the type matches some of the exceptions in the " +"group. This means that multiple :keyword:`!except*` clauses can execute, " +"each handling part of the exception group. Each clause executes at most once" +" and handles an exception group of all matching exceptions. Each exception " +"in the group is handled by at most one :keyword:`!except*` clause, the first" +" that matches it. ::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`!except*` 子句被用来处理 :exc:`ExceptionGroup`。 要匹配的异常类型将按与 " +":keyword:`except` 中的相同的方式来解读，但在使用异常组的情况下当类型与组内的某些异常相匹配时我们可以有部分匹配。 这意味着有多个 " +":keyword:`!except*` 子句可被执行，各自处理异常组的一部分。 每个子句最多执行一次并处理所有匹配异常中的一个异常组。 " +"组内的每个异常将至多由一个 :keyword:`!except*` 子句来处理，即第一个与其匹配的子句。 ::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:345 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup(\"eg\",\n" +"... [ValueError(1), TypeError(2), OSError(3), OSError(4)])\n" +"... except* TypeError as e:\n" +"... print(f'caught {type(e)} with nested {e.exceptions}')\n" +"... except* OSError as e:\n" +"... print(f'caught {type(e)} with nested {e.exceptions}')\n" +"...\n" +"caught with nested (TypeError(2),)\n" +"caught with nested (OSError(3), OSError(4))\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" | ExceptionGroup: eg\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | ValueError: 1\n" +" +------------------------------------" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup(\"eg\",\n" +"... [ValueError(1), TypeError(2), OSError(3), OSError(4)])\n" +"... except* TypeError as e:\n" +"... print(f'caught {type(e)} with nested {e.exceptions}')\n" +"... except* OSError as e:\n" +"... print(f'caught {type(e)} with nested {e.exceptions}')\n" +"...\n" +"caught with nested (TypeError(2),)\n" +"caught with nested (OSError(3), OSError(4))\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" | ExceptionGroup: eg\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | ValueError: 1\n" +" +------------------------------------" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Any remaining exceptions that were not handled by any :keyword:`!except*` " +"clause are re-raised at the end, along with all exceptions that were raised " +"from within the :keyword:`!except*` clauses. If this list contains more than" +" one exception to reraise, they are combined into an exception group." +msgstr "" +"任何未被 :keyword:`!except*` 子句处理的剩余异常最后都会在 :keyword:`!except*` 子句中被重新引发。 " +"如果此列表包含一个以上的要被重新引发的异常，它们将被合并成一个异常组。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:369 +msgid "" +"If the raised exception is not an exception group and its type matches one " +"of the :keyword:`!except*` clauses, it is caught and wrapped by an exception" +" group with an empty message string. ::" +msgstr "" +"如果被引发的异常不是一个异常组并且其类型与某个 :keyword:`!except*` 子句相匹配，它将被捕获并由附带空消息字符串的异常组来包装。 ::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:373 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise BlockingIOError\n" +"... except* BlockingIOError as e:\n" +"... print(repr(e))\n" +"...\n" +"ExceptionGroup('', (BlockingIOError()))" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise BlockingIOError\n" +"... except* BlockingIOError as e:\n" +"... print(repr(e))\n" +"...\n" +"ExceptionGroup('', (BlockingIOError()))" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:380 +msgid "" +"An :keyword:`!except*` clause must have a matching expression; it cannot be " +"``except*:``. Furthermore, this expression cannot contain exception group " +"types, because that would have ambiguous semantics." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`!except*` 子句必须有一个匹配的表达式；它不可为 ``except*:``。 " +"并且，该表达式不可包括异常组类型，因为这将导致模糊的语义。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:384 +msgid "" +"It is not possible to mix :keyword:`except` and :keyword:`!except*` in the " +"same :keyword:`try`. :keyword:`break`, :keyword:`continue` and " +":keyword:`return` cannot appear in an :keyword:`!except*` clause." +msgstr "" +"在同一个 :keyword:`try` 中不可以混用 :keyword:`except` 和 :keyword:`!except*`。 " +":keyword:`break`, :keyword:`continue` 和 :keyword:`return` 不可以在 " +":keyword:`!except*` 子句中出现。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:399 +msgid ":keyword:`!else` clause" +msgstr ":keyword:`!else` 子句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:401 +msgid "" +"The optional :keyword:`!else` clause is executed if the control flow leaves " +"the :keyword:`try` suite, no exception was raised, and no :keyword:`return`," +" :keyword:`continue`, or :keyword:`break` statement was executed. " +"Exceptions in the :keyword:`!else` clause are not handled by the preceding " +":keyword:`except` clauses." +msgstr "" +"如果控制流离开 :keyword:`try` 子句体时没有引发异常，并且没有执行 :keyword:`return`, " +":keyword:`continue` 或 :keyword:`break` 语句，可选的 :keyword:`!else` 子句将被执行。 " +":keyword:`!else` 语句中的异常不会由之前的 :keyword:`except` 子句处理。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:413 +msgid ":keyword:`!finally` clause" +msgstr ":keyword:`!finally` 子句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:415 +msgid "" +"If :keyword:`!finally` is present, it specifies a 'cleanup' handler. The " +":keyword:`try` clause is executed, including any :keyword:`except` and " +":keyword:`else` clauses. If an exception occurs in any of the clauses and " +"is not handled, the exception is temporarily saved. The :keyword:`!finally` " +"clause is executed. If there is a saved exception it is re-raised at the " +"end of the :keyword:`!finally` clause. If the :keyword:`!finally` clause " +"raises another exception, the saved exception is set as the context of the " +"new exception. If the :keyword:`!finally` clause executes a " +":keyword:`return`, :keyword:`break` or :keyword:`continue` statement, the " +"saved exception is discarded::" +msgstr "" +"如果存在 :keyword:`!finally`，它将指定一个‘清理’处理器。 :keyword:`try` 子句会被执行，包括任何 " +":keyword:`except` 和 :keyword:`else` 子句。 如果在这些子句中发生任何未处理的异常，该异常会被临时保存。 " +":keyword:`!finally` 子句将被执行。 如果存在被保存的异常，它会在 :keyword:`!finally` 子句的末尾被重新引发。 " +"如果 :keyword:`!finally` 子句引发了另一个异常，被保存的异常会被设为新异常的上下文。 如果 :keyword:`!finally` " +"子句执行了 :keyword:`return`, :keyword:`break` 或 :keyword:`continue` " +"语句，则被保存的异常会被丢弃::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:425 +msgid "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... try:\n" +"... 1/0\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... return 42\n" +"...\n" +">>> f()\n" +"42" +msgstr "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... try:\n" +"... 1/0\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... return 42\n" +"...\n" +">>> f()\n" +"42" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:434 +msgid "" +"The exception information is not available to the program during execution " +"of the :keyword:`!finally` clause." +msgstr "在 :keyword:`!finally` 子句执行期间程序将不能获取到异常信息。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:442 +msgid "" +"When a :keyword:`return`, :keyword:`break` or :keyword:`continue` statement " +"is executed in the :keyword:`try` suite of a :keyword:`!try`...\\ " +":keyword:`!finally` statement, the :keyword:`!finally` clause is also " +"executed 'on the way out.'" +msgstr "" +"当 :keyword:`return`, :keyword:`break` 或 :keyword:`continue` 语句在一个 " +":keyword:`!try`...\\ :keyword:`!finally` 语句的 :keyword:`try` " +"子句的代码块中被执行时，:keyword:`!finally` 子句也会在‘离开时’被执行。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:446 +msgid "" +"The return value of a function is determined by the last :keyword:`return` " +"statement executed. Since the :keyword:`!finally` clause always executes, a" +" :keyword:`!return` statement executed in the :keyword:`!finally` clause " +"will always be the last one executed::" +msgstr "" +"函数的返回值是由最后被执行的 :keyword:`return` 语句来决定的。 由于 :keyword:`!finally` 子句总是会被执行，因此在" +" :keyword:`!finally` 子句中被执行的 :keyword:`!return` 语句将总是最后被执行的::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:451 +msgid "" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return 'try'\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... return 'finally'\n" +"...\n" +">>> foo()\n" +"'finally'" +msgstr "" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return 'try'\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... return 'finally'\n" +"...\n" +">>> foo()\n" +"'finally'" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.8, a :keyword:`continue` statement was illegal in the " +":keyword:`!finally` clause due to a problem with the implementation." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.8 之前，:keyword:`continue` 语句不允许在 :keyword:`!finally` " +"子句中使用，这是因为具体实现中存在一个问题。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:469 +msgid "The :keyword:`!with` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!with` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:478 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`with` statement is used to wrap the execution of a block with " +"methods defined by a context manager (see section :ref:`context-managers`). " +"This allows common :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except`...\\ " +":keyword:`finally` usage patterns to be encapsulated for convenient reuse." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`with` 语句用于包装带有使用上下文管理器 (参见 :ref:`context-managers` 一节) " +"定义的方法的代码块的执行。 这允许对普通的 :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except`...\\ " +":keyword:`finally` 使用模式进行封装以方便地重用。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:488 +msgid "" +"The execution of the :keyword:`with` statement with one \"item\" proceeds as" +" follows:" +msgstr "带有一个“项目”的 :keyword:`with` 语句的执行过程如下:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:490 +msgid "" +"The context expression (the expression given in the :token:`~python-" +"grammar:with_item`) is evaluated to obtain a context manager." +msgstr "对上下文表达式（在 :token:`~python-grammar:with_item` 中给出的表达式）进行求值来获得上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:493 +msgid "" +"The context manager's :meth:`~object.__enter__` is loaded for later use." +msgstr "载入上下文管理器的 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 以便后续使用。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:495 +msgid "" +"The context manager's :meth:`~object.__exit__` is loaded for later use." +msgstr "载入上下文管理器的 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 以便后续使用。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:497 +msgid "The context manager's :meth:`~object.__enter__` method is invoked." +msgstr "唤起上下文管理器的 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:499 +msgid "" +"If a target was included in the :keyword:`with` statement, the return value " +"from :meth:`~object.__enter__` is assigned to it." +msgstr "如果一个目标被包括在 :keyword:`with` 语句中，则把它赋值为 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 的返回值。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:504 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`with` statement guarantees that if the " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` method returns without an error, then " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` will always be called. Thus, if an error occurs " +"during the assignment to the target list, it will be treated the same as an " +"error occurring within the suite would be. See step 7 below." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`with` 语句会保证如果 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法未发生错误地返回，则 " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` 将一定被调用。 因此，如果在对目标列表赋值期间发生错误，它将被当作在语句体内部发生的错误来处理。 " +"参见下面的第 7 步。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:510 +msgid "The suite is executed." +msgstr "执行语句体。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:512 +msgid "" +"The context manager's :meth:`~object.__exit__` method is invoked. If an " +"exception caused the suite to be exited, its type, value, and traceback are " +"passed as arguments to :meth:`~object.__exit__`. Otherwise, three " +":const:`None` arguments are supplied." +msgstr "" +"唤起上下文管理器的 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法。 如果语句体的退出是由异常导致的，则其类型、值和回溯信息将被作为参数传递给 " +":meth:`~object.__exit__`。 否则的话，将提供三个 :const:`None` 参数。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:517 +msgid "" +"If the suite was exited due to an exception, and the return value from the " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method was false, the exception is reraised. If " +"the return value was true, the exception is suppressed, and execution " +"continues with the statement following the :keyword:`with` statement." +msgstr "" +"如果语句体的退出是由异常导致的，并且来自 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法的返回值为假，则该异常会被重新引发。 " +"如果返回值为真，则该异常会被抑制，并会继续执行 :keyword:`with` 语句之后的语句。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:522 +msgid "" +"If the suite was exited for any reason other than an exception, the return " +"value from :meth:`~object.__exit__` is ignored, and execution proceeds at " +"the normal location for the kind of exit that was taken." +msgstr "" +"如果语句体由于异常以外的任何原因退出，则来自 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 的返回值会被忽略，并会在该类退出正常的发生位置继续执行。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:526 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1547 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1588 +msgid "The following code::" +msgstr "以下代码::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:528 +msgid "" +"with EXPRESSION as TARGET:\n" +" SUITE" +msgstr "" +"with EXPRESSION as TARGET:\n" +" SUITE" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:531 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:556 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1593 +msgid "is semantically equivalent to::" +msgstr "在语义上等价于::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:533 +msgid "" +"manager = (EXPRESSION)\n" +"enter = type(manager).__enter__\n" +"exit = type(manager).__exit__\n" +"value = enter(manager)\n" +"hit_except = False\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" TARGET = value\n" +" SUITE\n" +"except:\n" +" hit_except = True\n" +" if not exit(manager, *sys.exc_info()):\n" +" raise\n" +"finally:\n" +" if not hit_except:\n" +" exit(manager, None, None, None)" +msgstr "" +"manager = (EXPRESSION)\n" +"enter = type(manager).__enter__\n" +"exit = type(manager).__exit__\n" +"value = enter(manager)\n" +"hit_except = False\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" TARGET = value\n" +" SUITE\n" +"except:\n" +" hit_except = True\n" +" if not exit(manager, *sys.exc_info()):\n" +" raise\n" +"finally:\n" +" if not hit_except:\n" +" exit(manager, None, None, None)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:550 +msgid "" +"With more than one item, the context managers are processed as if multiple " +":keyword:`with` statements were nested::" +msgstr "如果有多个项目，则会视作存在多个 :keyword:`with` 语句嵌套来处理多个上下文管理器::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:553 +msgid "" +"with A() as a, B() as b:\n" +" SUITE" +msgstr "" +"with A() as a, B() as b:\n" +" SUITE" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:558 +msgid "" +"with A() as a:\n" +" with B() as b:\n" +" SUITE" +msgstr "" +"with A() as a:\n" +" with B() as b:\n" +" SUITE" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:562 +msgid "" +"You can also write multi-item context managers in multiple lines if the " +"items are surrounded by parentheses. For example::" +msgstr "也可以用圆括号包围的多行形式的多项目上下文管理器。例如::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:565 +msgid "" +"with (\n" +" A() as a,\n" +" B() as b,\n" +"):\n" +" SUITE" +msgstr "" +"with (\n" +" A() as a,\n" +" B() as b,\n" +"):\n" +" SUITE" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:571 +msgid "Support for multiple context expressions." +msgstr "支持多个上下文表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:574 +msgid "" +"Support for using grouping parentheses to break the statement in multiple " +"lines." +msgstr " 支持用圆括号将语句分成多行。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:579 +msgid ":pep:`343` - The \"with\" statement" +msgstr ":pep:`343` - \"with\" 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:580 +msgid "" +"The specification, background, and examples for the Python :keyword:`with` " +"statement." +msgstr "Python :keyword:`with` 语句的规范描述、背景和示例。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:586 +msgid "The :keyword:`!match` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!match` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:600 +msgid "The match statement is used for pattern matching. Syntax:" +msgstr "匹配语句用于进行模式匹配。语法如下：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:609 +msgid "" +"This section uses single quotes to denote :ref:`soft keywords `." +msgstr "本节使用单引号来表示 :ref:`软关键字 `。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:612 +msgid "" +"Pattern matching takes a pattern as input (following ``case``) and a subject" +" value (following ``match``). The pattern (which may contain subpatterns) " +"is matched against the subject value. The outcomes are:" +msgstr "" +"模式匹配接受一个模式作为输入（跟在 ``case`` 后），一个目标值（跟在 ``match`` " +"后）。该模式（可能包含子模式）将与目标值进行匹配。输出是：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:616 +msgid "A match success or failure (also termed a pattern success or failure)." +msgstr "匹配成功或失败（也被称为模式成功或失败）。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Possible binding of matched values to a name. The prerequisites for this " +"are further discussed below." +msgstr "可能将匹配的值绑定到一个名字上。 这方面的先决条件将在下面进一步讨论。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:621 +msgid "" +"The ``match`` and ``case`` keywords are :ref:`soft keywords `." +msgstr "关键字 ``match`` 和 ``case`` 是 :ref:`soft keywords ` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:625 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1182 +msgid ":pep:`634` -- Structural Pattern Matching: Specification" +msgstr ":pep:`634` —— 结构化模式匹配：规范" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:626 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1183 +msgid ":pep:`636` -- Structural Pattern Matching: Tutorial" +msgstr ":pep:`636` —— 结构化模式匹配：教程" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:630 +msgid "Overview" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:632 +msgid "Here's an overview of the logical flow of a match statement:" +msgstr "匹配语句逻辑流程的概述如下：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:635 +msgid "" +"The subject expression ``subject_expr`` is evaluated and a resulting subject" +" value obtained. If the subject expression contains a comma, a tuple is " +"constructed using :ref:`the standard rules `." +msgstr "" +"对目标表达式 ``subject_expr`` 求值后将结果作为匹配用的目标值。 如果目标表达式包含逗号，则使用 :ref:`the standard " +"rules ` 构建一个元组。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:639 +msgid "" +"Each pattern in a ``case_block`` is attempted to match with the subject " +"value. The specific rules for success or failure are described below. The " +"match attempt can also bind some or all of the standalone names within the " +"pattern. The precise pattern binding rules vary per pattern type and are " +"specified below. **Name bindings made during a successful pattern match " +"outlive the executed block and can be used after the match statement**." +msgstr "" +"目标值将依次与 ``case_block`` " +"中的每个模式进行匹配。匹配成功或失败的具体规则在下面描述。匹配尝试也可以与模式中的一些或所有的独立名称绑定。准确的模式绑定规则因模式类型而异，具体规定见下文。**成功的模式匹配过程中产生的名称绑定将超越所执行的块的范围，可以在匹配语句之后使用**。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:648 +msgid "" +"During failed pattern matches, some subpatterns may succeed. Do not rely on" +" bindings being made for a failed match. Conversely, do not rely on " +"variables remaining unchanged after a failed match. The exact behavior is " +"dependent on implementation and may vary. This is an intentional decision " +"made to allow different implementations to add optimizations." +msgstr "" +"在模式匹配失败时，一些子模式可能会成功。 不要依赖于失败匹配进行的绑定。 反过来说，不要认为变量在匹配失败后保持不变。 " +"确切的行为取决于实现，可能会有所不同。 这是一个有意的决定，允许不同的实现添加优化。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:655 +msgid "" +"If the pattern succeeds, the corresponding guard (if present) is evaluated. " +"In this case all name bindings are guaranteed to have happened." +msgstr "如果该模式匹配成功，并且完成了对相应的约束项（如果存在）的求值。在这种情况下，保证完成所有的名称绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:658 +msgid "" +"If the guard evaluates as true or is missing, the ``block`` inside " +"``case_block`` is executed." +msgstr "如果约束项求值为真或缺失，执行 ``case_block`` 中的 ``block`` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:661 +msgid "Otherwise, the next ``case_block`` is attempted as described above." +msgstr "否则，将按照上述方法尝试下一个 ``case_block`` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:663 +msgid "If there are no further case blocks, the match statement is completed." +msgstr "如果没有进一步的 case 块，匹配语句终止。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:667 +msgid "" +"Users should generally never rely on a pattern being evaluated. Depending " +"on implementation, the interpreter may cache values or use other " +"optimizations which skip repeated evaluations." +msgstr "用户一般不应依赖正在求值的模式。 根据不同的实现方式，解释器可能会缓存数值或使用其他优化方法来避免重复求值。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:671 +msgid "A sample match statement::" +msgstr "匹配语句示例::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:673 +msgid "" +">>> flag = False\n" +">>> match (100, 200):\n" +"... case (100, 300): # Mismatch: 200 != 300\n" +"... print('Case 1')\n" +"... case (100, 200) if flag: # Successful match, but guard fails\n" +"... print('Case 2')\n" +"... case (100, y): # Matches and binds y to 200\n" +"... print(f'Case 3, y: {y}')\n" +"... case _: # Pattern not attempted\n" +"... print('Case 4, I match anything!')\n" +"...\n" +"Case 3, y: 200" +msgstr "" +">>> flag = False\n" +">>> match (100, 200):\n" +"... case (100, 300): # 不匹配: 200 != 300\n" +"... print('Case 1')\n" +"... case (100, 200) if flag: # 成功匹配，但防护检查失败\n" +"... print('Case 2')\n" +"... case (100, y): # 匹配并将 y 绑定到 200\n" +"... print(f'Case 3, y: {y}')\n" +"... case _: # 未尝试的模式\n" +"... print('Case 4, I match anything!')\n" +"...\n" +"Case 3, y: 200" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:687 +msgid "" +"In this case, ``if flag`` is a guard. Read more about that in the next " +"section." +msgstr "在这个示例中，``if flag`` 是约束项。请阅读下一节以了解更多相关内容。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:690 +msgid "Guards" +msgstr "约束项" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:697 +msgid "" +"A ``guard`` (which is part of the ``case``) must succeed for code inside the" +" ``case`` block to execute. It takes the form: :keyword:`if` followed by an" +" expression." +msgstr "" +"``guard`` (它是 ``case`` 的一部分) 必须成立才能让 ``case`` 语句块中的代码被执行。 它所采用的形式为: " +":keyword:`if` 之后跟一个表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:702 +msgid "The logical flow of a ``case`` block with a ``guard`` follows:" +msgstr "拥有 ``guard`` 的 ``case`` 块的逻辑流程如下：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Check that the pattern in the ``case`` block succeeded. If the pattern " +"failed, the ``guard`` is not evaluated and the next ``case`` block is " +"checked." +msgstr "" +"检查 ``case`` 块中的模式是否匹配成功。如果该模式匹配失败，则不对 ``guard`` 进行求值，检查下一个 ``case`` 块。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:708 +msgid "If the pattern succeeded, evaluate the ``guard``." +msgstr "如果该模式匹配成功，对 ``guard`` 求值。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:710 +msgid "" +"If the ``guard`` condition evaluates as true, the case block is selected." +msgstr "如果 ``guard`` 求值为真，则选用该 case 块。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:713 +msgid "" +"If the ``guard`` condition evaluates as false, the case block is not " +"selected." +msgstr "如果 ``guard`` 求值为假，则不选用该 case 块。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:716 +msgid "" +"If the ``guard`` raises an exception during evaluation, the exception " +"bubbles up." +msgstr "如果在对 ``guard`` 求值过程中引发了异常，则异常将被抛出。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Guards are allowed to have side effects as they are expressions. Guard " +"evaluation must proceed from the first to the last case block, one at a " +"time, skipping case blocks whose pattern(s) don't all succeed. (I.e., guard " +"evaluation must happen in order.) Guard evaluation must stop once a case " +"block is selected." +msgstr "" +"允许约束项产生副作用，因为他们是表达式。约束项求值必须从第一个 case 块到最后一个 case 块依次逐个进行，模式匹配失败的 case " +"块将被跳过。（也就是说，约束项求值必须按顺序进行。）一旦选用了一个 case 块，约束项求值必须由此终止。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:729 +msgid "Irrefutable Case Blocks" +msgstr "必定匹配的 case 块" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:733 +msgid "" +"An irrefutable case block is a match-all case block. A match statement may " +"have at most one irrefutable case block, and it must be last." +msgstr "必定匹配的 case 块是能匹配所有情况的 case 块。一个匹配语句最多可以有一个必定匹配的 case 块，而且必须是最后一个。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:736 +msgid "" +"A case block is considered irrefutable if it has no guard and its pattern is" +" irrefutable. A pattern is considered irrefutable if we can prove from its " +"syntax alone that it will always succeed. Only the following patterns are " +"irrefutable:" +msgstr "" +"如果一个 case 块没有约束项，并且其模式是必定匹配的，那么它就被认为是必定匹配的。 " +"如果我们可以仅从语法上证明一个模式总是能匹配成功，那么这个模式就被认为是必定匹配的。 只有以下模式是必定匹配的：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:741 +msgid ":ref:`as-patterns` whose left-hand side is irrefutable" +msgstr "左侧模式是必定匹配的 :ref:`as-patterns`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:743 +msgid ":ref:`or-patterns` containing at least one irrefutable pattern" +msgstr "包含至少一个必定匹配模式的 :ref:`or-patterns`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:745 +msgid ":ref:`capture-patterns`" +msgstr ":ref:`capture-patterns`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:747 +msgid ":ref:`wildcard-patterns`" +msgstr ":ref:`wildcard-patterns`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:749 +msgid "parenthesized irrefutable patterns" +msgstr "括号内的必定匹配模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:753 +msgid "Patterns" +msgstr "模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:760 +msgid "This section uses grammar notations beyond standard EBNF:" +msgstr "本节使用了超出标准 EBNF 的语法符号。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:762 +msgid "the notation ``SEP.RULE+`` is shorthand for ``RULE (SEP RULE)*``" +msgstr "符号 ``SEP.RULE+`` 是 ``RULE (SEP RULE)*`` 的简写" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:764 +msgid "the notation ``!RULE`` is shorthand for a negative lookahead assertion" +msgstr "符号 ``!RULE`` 是前向否定断言的简写" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:767 +msgid "The top-level syntax for ``patterns`` is:" +msgstr "``patterns`` 的顶层语法是：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:781 +msgid "" +"The descriptions below will include a description \"in simple terms\" of " +"what a pattern does for illustration purposes (credits to Raymond Hettinger " +"for a document that inspired most of the descriptions). Note that these " +"descriptions are purely for illustration purposes and **may not** reflect " +"the underlying implementation. Furthermore, they do not cover all valid " +"forms." +msgstr "" +"下面的描述将包括一个“简而言之”以描述模式的作用，便于说明问题（感谢 Raymond Hettinger " +"提供的一份文件，大部分的描述受其启发）。请注意，这些描述纯粹是为了说明问题，**可能不** 反映底层的实现。此外，它们并没有涵盖所有有效的形式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:791 +msgid "OR Patterns" +msgstr "或模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:793 +msgid "" +"An OR pattern is two or more patterns separated by vertical bars ``|``. " +"Syntax:" +msgstr "或模式是由竖杠 ``|`` 分隔的两个或更多的模式。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:799 +msgid "" +"Only the final subpattern may be :ref:`irrefutable `, and " +"each subpattern must bind the same set of names to avoid ambiguity." +msgstr "只有最后的子模式可以是 :ref:`必定匹配的 `，且每个子模式必须绑定相同的名字集以避免歧义。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:802 +msgid "" +"An OR pattern matches each of its subpatterns in turn to the subject value, " +"until one succeeds. The OR pattern is then considered successful. " +"Otherwise, if none of the subpatterns succeed, the OR pattern fails." +msgstr "" +"或模式将目标值依次与其每个子模式尝试匹配，直到有一个匹配成功，然后该或模式被视作匹配成功。 否则，如果没有任何子模式匹配成功，则或模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:806 +msgid "" +"In simple terms, ``P1 | P2 | ...`` will try to match ``P1``, if it fails it " +"will try to match ``P2``, succeeding immediately if any succeeds, failing " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" +"简而言之，``P1 | P2 | ...`` 会首先尝试匹配 ``P1`` ，如果失败将接着尝试匹配 ``P2`` " +"，如果出现成功的匹配则立即结束且模式匹配成功，否则模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:812 +msgid "AS Patterns" +msgstr "AS 模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:814 +msgid "" +"An AS pattern matches an OR pattern on the left of the :keyword:`as` keyword" +" against a subject. Syntax:" +msgstr "AS 模式将关键字 :keyword:`as` 左侧的或模式与目标值进行匹配。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:820 +msgid "" +"If the OR pattern fails, the AS pattern fails. Otherwise, the AS pattern " +"binds the subject to the name on the right of the as keyword and succeeds. " +"``capture_pattern`` cannot be a ``_``." +msgstr "" +"如果 OR 模式匹配失败，则 AS 模式也会失败。 在其他情况下，AS 模块会将目标与 as 关键字右边的名称绑定并匹配成功。 " +"``capture_pattern`` 不可为 ``_``。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:824 +msgid "" +"In simple terms ``P as NAME`` will match with ``P``, and on success it will " +"set ``NAME = ``." +msgstr "简而言之， ``P as NAME`` 将与 ``P`` 匹配，成功后将设置 ``NAME = `` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:831 +msgid "Literal Patterns" +msgstr "字面值模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:833 +msgid "" +"A literal pattern corresponds to most :ref:`literals ` in Python." +" Syntax:" +msgstr "字面值模式对应 Python 中的大多数 :ref:`字面值 `。 语法为:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:846 +msgid "" +"The rule ``strings`` and the token ``NUMBER`` are defined in the " +":doc:`standard Python grammar <./grammar>`. Triple-quoted strings are " +"supported. Raw strings and byte strings are supported. :ref:`f-strings` " +"are not supported." +msgstr "" +"规则 ``strings`` 和标记 ``NUMBER`` 是在 :doc:`standard Python grammar <./grammar>` " +"中定义的。支持三引号的字符串。不支持原始字符串和字节字符串。也不支持 :ref:`f-strings` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:851 +msgid "" +"The forms ``signed_number '+' NUMBER`` and ``signed_number '-' NUMBER`` are " +"for expressing :ref:`complex numbers `; they require a real " +"number on the left and an imaginary number on the right. E.g. ``3 + 4j``." +msgstr "" +"``signed_number '+' NUMBER`` 和 ``signed_number '-' NUMBER`` 形式是用于表示 :ref:`复数" +" `；它们要求左边是一个实数而右边是一个虚数。 例如 ``3 + 4j``。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:855 +msgid "" +"In simple terms, ``LITERAL`` will succeed only if `` == LITERAL``. " +"For the singletons ``None``, ``True`` and ``False``, the :keyword:`is` " +"operator is used." +msgstr "" +"简而言之， ``LITERAL`` 只会在 `` == LITERAL`` 时匹配成功。对于单例 ``None`` 、 " +"``True`` 和 ``False`` ，会使用 :keyword:`is` 运算符。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:861 +msgid "Capture Patterns" +msgstr "捕获模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:863 +msgid "A capture pattern binds the subject value to a name. Syntax:" +msgstr "捕获模式将目标值与一个名称绑定。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:869 +msgid "" +"A single underscore ``_`` is not a capture pattern (this is what ``!'_'`` " +"expresses). It is instead treated as a :token:`~python-" +"grammar:wildcard_pattern`." +msgstr "" +"单独的一个下划线 ``_`` 不是捕获模式（ ``!'_'`` 表达的就是这个含义）。 它会被当作 :token:`~python-" +"grammar:wildcard_pattern` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:873 +msgid "" +"In a given pattern, a given name can only be bound once. E.g. ``case x, x: " +"...`` is invalid while ``case [x] | x: ...`` is allowed." +msgstr "" +"在给定的模式中，一个名字只能被绑定一次。例如 ``case x, x: ...`` 时无效的，但 ``case [x] | x: ...`` " +"是被允许的。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:876 +msgid "" +"Capture patterns always succeed. The binding follows scoping rules " +"established by the assignment expression operator in :pep:`572`; the name " +"becomes a local variable in the closest containing function scope unless " +"there's an applicable :keyword:`global` or :keyword:`nonlocal` statement." +msgstr "" +"捕获模式总是能匹配成功。绑定遵循 :pep:`572` 中赋值表达式运算符设立的作用域规则；名字在最接近的包含函数作用域内成为一个局部变量，除非有适用的" +" :keyword:`global` 或 :keyword:`nonlocal` 语句。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:881 +msgid "" +"In simple terms ``NAME`` will always succeed and it will set ``NAME = " +"``." +msgstr "简而言之， ``NAME`` 总是会匹配成功且将设置 ``NAME = `` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:886 +msgid "Wildcard Patterns" +msgstr "通配符模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:888 +msgid "" +"A wildcard pattern always succeeds (matches anything) and binds no name. " +"Syntax:" +msgstr "通配符模式总是会匹配成功（匹配任何内容）并且不绑定任何名称。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:894 +msgid "" +"``_`` is a :ref:`soft keyword ` within any pattern, but only " +"within patterns. It is an identifier, as usual, even within ``match`` " +"subject expressions, ``guard``\\ s, and ``case`` blocks." +msgstr "" +"在且仅在任何模式中 ``_`` 是一个 :ref:`软关键字 `。 通常情况下它是一个标识符，即使是在 ``match``" +" 的目标表达式、``guard`` 和 ``case`` 代码块中也是如此。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:898 +msgid "In simple terms, ``_`` will always succeed." +msgstr "简而言之，``_`` 总是会匹配成功。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:903 +msgid "Value Patterns" +msgstr "值模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:905 +msgid "A value pattern represents a named value in Python. Syntax:" +msgstr "值模式代表 Python 中具有名称的值。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:913 +msgid "" +"The dotted name in the pattern is looked up using standard Python :ref:`name" +" resolution rules `. The pattern succeeds if the value found" +" compares equal to the subject value (using the ``==`` equality operator)." +msgstr "" +"模式中带点的名称会使用标准的 Python :ref:`名称解析规则 ` 来查找。 " +"如果找到的值与目标值比较结果相等则模式匹配成功（使用 ``==`` 相等运算符）。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:918 +msgid "" +"In simple terms ``NAME1.NAME2`` will succeed only if `` == " +"NAME1.NAME2``" +msgstr "简而言之， ``NAME1.NAME2`` 仅在 `` == NAME1.NAME2`` 时匹配成功。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:922 +msgid "" +"If the same value occurs multiple times in the same match statement, the " +"interpreter may cache the first value found and reuse it rather than repeat " +"the same lookup. This cache is strictly tied to a given execution of a " +"given match statement." +msgstr "" +"如果相同的值在同一个匹配语句中出现多次，解释器可能会缓存找到的第一个值并重新使用它，而不是重复查找。 这种缓存与特定匹配语句的执行严格挂钩。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:930 +msgid "Group Patterns" +msgstr "组模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:932 +msgid "" +"A group pattern allows users to add parentheses around patterns to emphasize" +" the intended grouping. Otherwise, it has no additional syntax. Syntax:" +msgstr "组模式允许用户在模式周围添加括号，以强调预期的分组。 除此之外，它没有额外的语法。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:939 +msgid "In simple terms ``(P)`` has the same effect as ``P``." +msgstr "简单来说 ``(P)`` 具有与 ``P`` 相同的效果。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:944 +msgid "Sequence Patterns" +msgstr "序列模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:946 +msgid "" +"A sequence pattern contains several subpatterns to be matched against " +"sequence elements. The syntax is similar to the unpacking of a list or " +"tuple." +msgstr "一个序列模式包含数个将与序列元素进行匹配的子模式。其语法类似于列表或元组的解包。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:957 +msgid "" +"There is no difference if parentheses or square brackets are used for " +"sequence patterns (i.e. ``(...)`` vs ``[...]`` )." +msgstr "序列模式中使用圆括号或方括号没有区别（例如 ``(...)`` 和 ``[...]`` ）。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:961 +msgid "" +"A single pattern enclosed in parentheses without a trailing comma (e.g. ``(3" +" | 4)``) is a :ref:`group pattern `. While a single pattern " +"enclosed in square brackets (e.g. ``[3 | 4]``) is still a sequence pattern." +msgstr "" +"用圆括号括起来且没有跟随逗号的单个模式 (例如 ``(3 | 4)``) 是一个 :ref:`分组模式 `。 " +"而用方括号括起来的单个模式 (例如 ``[3 | 4]``) 则仍是一个序列模式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:966 +msgid "" +"At most one star subpattern may be in a sequence pattern. The star " +"subpattern may occur in any position. If no star subpattern is present, the " +"sequence pattern is a fixed-length sequence pattern; otherwise it is a " +"variable-length sequence pattern." +msgstr "" +"一个序列模式中最多可以有一个星号子模式。星号子模式可以出现在任何位置。如果没有星号子模式，该序列模式是固定长度的序列模式；否则，其是一个可变长度的序列模式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:971 +msgid "" +"The following is the logical flow for matching a sequence pattern against a " +"subject value:" +msgstr "下面是将一个序列模式与一个目标值相匹配的逻辑流程：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:974 +msgid "" +"If the subject value is not a sequence [#]_, the sequence pattern fails." +msgstr "如果目标值不是一个序列 [#]_ ，该序列模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:977 +msgid "" +"If the subject value is an instance of ``str``, ``bytes`` or ``bytearray`` " +"the sequence pattern fails." +msgstr "如果目标值是 ``str`` 、 ``bytes`` 或 ``bytearray`` 的实例，则该序列模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:980 +msgid "" +"The subsequent steps depend on whether the sequence pattern is fixed or " +"variable-length." +msgstr "随后的步骤取决于序列模式是固定长度还是可变长度的。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:983 +msgid "If the sequence pattern is fixed-length:" +msgstr "如果序列模式是固定长度的：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:985 +msgid "" +"If the length of the subject sequence is not equal to the number of " +"subpatterns, the sequence pattern fails" +msgstr "如果目标序列的长度与子模式的数量不相等，则该序列模式匹配失败" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:988 +msgid "" +"Subpatterns in the sequence pattern are matched to their corresponding items" +" in the subject sequence from left to right. Matching stops as soon as a " +"subpattern fails. If all subpatterns succeed in matching their " +"corresponding item, the sequence pattern succeeds." +msgstr "" +"序列模式中的子模式与目标序列中的相应项目从左到右进行匹配。 一旦一个子模式匹配失败，就停止匹配。 " +"如果所有的子模式都成功地与它们的对应项相匹配，那么该序列模式就匹配成功了。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:993 +msgid "Otherwise, if the sequence pattern is variable-length:" +msgstr "否则，如果序列模式是变长的：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:995 +msgid "" +"If the length of the subject sequence is less than the number of non-star " +"subpatterns, the sequence pattern fails." +msgstr "如果目标序列的长度小于非星号子模式的数量，则该序列模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:998 +msgid "" +"The leading non-star subpatterns are matched to their corresponding items as" +" for fixed-length sequences." +msgstr "与固定长度的序列一样，靠前的非星形子模式与其相应的项目进行匹配。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1001 +msgid "" +"If the previous step succeeds, the star subpattern matches a list formed of " +"the remaining subject items, excluding the remaining items corresponding to " +"non-star subpatterns following the star subpattern." +msgstr "如果上一步成功，星号子模式与剩余的目标项形成的列表相匹配，不包括星号子模式之后的非星号子模式所对应的剩余项。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"Remaining non-star subpatterns are matched to their corresponding subject " +"items, as for a fixed-length sequence." +msgstr "剩余的非星号子模式将与相应的目标项匹配，就像固定长度的序列一样。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1008 +msgid "" +"The length of the subject sequence is obtained via :func:`len` (i.e. via the" +" :meth:`__len__` protocol). This length may be cached by the interpreter in" +" a similar manner as :ref:`value patterns `." +msgstr "" +"目标序列的长度可通过 :func:`len` (即通过 :meth:`__len__` 协议) 获得。 解释器可能会以类似于 :ref:`值模式 " +"` 的方式缓存这个长度信息。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"In simple terms ``[P1, P2, P3,`` ... ``, P]`` matches only if all the " +"following happens:" +msgstr "简而言之， ``[P1, P2, P3,`` ... ``, P]`` 仅在满足以下情况时匹配成功：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1017 +msgid "check ```` is a sequence" +msgstr "检查 ```` 是一个序列" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1018 +msgid "``len(subject) == ``" +msgstr "``len(subject) == ``" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"``P1`` matches ``[0]`` (note that this match can also bind names)" +msgstr "将 ``P1`` 与 ``[0]`` 进行匹配（请注意此匹配可以绑定名称）" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"``P2`` matches ``[1]`` (note that this match can also bind names)" +msgstr "将 ``P2`` 与 ``[1]`` 进行匹配（请注意此匹配可以绑定名称）" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1021 +msgid "... and so on for the corresponding pattern/element." +msgstr "…… 剩余对应的模式/元素也以此类推。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1026 +msgid "Mapping Patterns" +msgstr "映射模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"A mapping pattern contains one or more key-value patterns. The syntax is " +"similar to the construction of a dictionary. Syntax:" +msgstr "映射模式包含一个或多个键值模式。其语法类似于字典的构造。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"At most one double star pattern may be in a mapping pattern. The double " +"star pattern must be the last subpattern in the mapping pattern." +msgstr "一个映射模式中最多可以有一个双星号模式。双星号模式必须是映射模式中的最后一个子模式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"Duplicate keys in mapping patterns are disallowed. Duplicate literal keys " +"will raise a :exc:`SyntaxError`. Two keys that otherwise have the same value" +" will raise a :exc:`ValueError` at runtime." +msgstr "" +"映射模式中不允许出现重复的键。重复的字面值键会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` 。若是两个键有相同的值将会在运行时引发 " +":exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"The following is the logical flow for matching a mapping pattern against a " +"subject value:" +msgstr "以下是映射模式与目标值匹配的逻辑流程：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1049 +msgid "If the subject value is not a mapping [#]_,the mapping pattern fails." +msgstr "如果目标值不是一个映射 [#]_，则映射模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"If every key given in the mapping pattern is present in the subject mapping," +" and the pattern for each key matches the corresponding item of the subject " +"mapping, the mapping pattern succeeds." +msgstr "若映射模式中给出的每个键都存在于目标映射中，且每个键的模式都与目标映射的相应项匹配成功，则该映射模式匹配成功。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"If duplicate keys are detected in the mapping pattern, the pattern is " +"considered invalid. A :exc:`SyntaxError` is raised for duplicate literal " +"values; or a :exc:`ValueError` for named keys of the same value." +msgstr "" +"如果在映射模式中检测到重复的键，该模式将被视作无效。对于重复的字面值，会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` ；对于相同值的命名键，会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"Key-value pairs are matched using the two-argument form of the mapping " +"subject's ``get()`` method. Matched key-value pairs must already be present" +" in the mapping, and not created on-the-fly via :meth:`__missing__` or " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`." +msgstr "" +"键值对使用映射目标的 ``get()`` 方法的双参数形式进行匹配。 匹配的键值对必须已经存在于映射中，而不是通过 " +":meth:`__missing__` 或 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 即时创建。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"In simple terms ``{KEY1: P1, KEY2: P2, ... }`` matches only if all the " +"following happens:" +msgstr "简而言之， ``{KEY1: P1, KEY2: P2, ... }`` 仅在满足以下情况时匹配成功：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1067 +msgid "check ```` is a mapping" +msgstr "检查 ```` 是映射" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1068 +msgid "``KEY1 in ``" +msgstr "``KEY1 in ``" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1069 +msgid "``P1`` matches ``[KEY1]``" +msgstr "``P1`` 与 ``[KEY1]`` 相匹配" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1070 +msgid "... and so on for the corresponding KEY/pattern pair." +msgstr "…… 剩余对应的键/模式对也以此类推。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1076 +msgid "Class Patterns" +msgstr "类模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"A class pattern represents a class and its positional and keyword arguments " +"(if any). Syntax:" +msgstr "类模式表示一个类以及它的位置参数和关键字参数（如果有的话）。语法：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1089 +msgid "The same keyword should not be repeated in class patterns." +msgstr "同一个关键词不应该在类模式中重复出现。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1091 +msgid "" +"The following is the logical flow for matching a class pattern against a " +"subject value:" +msgstr "以下是类模式与目标值匹配的逻辑流程：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1094 +msgid "" +"If ``name_or_attr`` is not an instance of the builtin :class:`type` , raise " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "如果 ``name_or_attr`` 不是内置 :class:`type` 的实例，引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"If the subject value is not an instance of ``name_or_attr`` (tested via " +":func:`isinstance`), the class pattern fails." +msgstr "如果目标值不是 ``name_or_attr`` 的实例（通过 :func:`isinstance` 测试），该类模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"If no pattern arguments are present, the pattern succeeds. Otherwise, the " +"subsequent steps depend on whether keyword or positional argument patterns " +"are present." +msgstr "如果没有模式参数存在，则该模式匹配成功。 否则，后面的步骤取决于是否有关键字或位置参数模式存在。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"For a number of built-in types (specified below), a single positional " +"subpattern is accepted which will match the entire subject; for these types " +"keyword patterns also work as for other types." +msgstr "对于一些内置的类型（将在后文详述），接受一个位置子模式，它将与整个目标值相匹配；对于这些类型，关键字模式也像其他类型一样工作。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"If only keyword patterns are present, they are processed as follows, one by " +"one:" +msgstr "如果只存在关键词模式，它们将被逐一处理，如下所示：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1111 +msgid "I. The keyword is looked up as an attribute on the subject." +msgstr "一. 该关键词被视作主体的一个属性进行查找。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1113 +msgid "" +"If this raises an exception other than :exc:`AttributeError`, the exception " +"bubbles up." +msgstr "如果这引发了除 :exc:`AttributeError` 以外的异常，该异常会被抛出。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1116 +msgid "If this raises :exc:`AttributeError`, the class pattern has failed." +msgstr "如果这引发了 :exc:`AttributeError` ，该类模式匹配失败。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1118 +msgid "" +"Else, the subpattern associated with the keyword pattern is matched against " +"the subject's attribute value. If this fails, the class pattern fails; if " +"this succeeds, the match proceeds to the next keyword." +msgstr "否则，与关键词模式相关的子模式将与目标的属性值进行匹配。 如果失败，则类模式匹配失败；如果成功，则继续对下一个关键词进行匹配。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1123 +msgid "II. If all keyword patterns succeed, the class pattern succeeds." +msgstr "二. 如果所有的关键词模式匹配成功，该类模式匹配成功。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1125 +msgid "" +"If any positional patterns are present, they are converted to keyword " +"patterns using the :data:`~object.__match_args__` attribute on the class " +"``name_or_attr`` before matching:" +msgstr "" +"如果存在位置模式，在匹配前会用类 ``name_or_attr`` 的 :data:`~object.__match_args__` " +"属性将其转换为关键词模式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1129 +msgid "I. The equivalent of ``getattr(cls, \"__match_args__\", ())`` is called." +msgstr "一. 进行与 ``getattr(cls, \"__match_args__\", ())`` 等价的调用。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1131 +msgid "If this raises an exception, the exception bubbles up." +msgstr "如果这引发一个异常，该异常将被抛出。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"If the returned value is not a tuple, the conversion fails and " +":exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "如果返回值不是一个元组，则转换失败且引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"If there are more positional patterns than ``len(cls.__match_args__)``, " +":exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "若位置模式的数量超出 ``len(cls.__match_args__)`` ，将引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, positional pattern ``i`` is converted to a keyword pattern using " +"``__match_args__[i]`` as the keyword. ``__match_args__[i]`` must be a " +"string; if not :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"否则，位置模式 ``i`` 会使用 ``__match_args__[i]`` 转换为关键词。 ``__match_args__[i]`` " +"必须是一个字符串；如果不是则引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1143 +msgid "If there are duplicate keywords, :exc:`TypeError` is raised." +msgstr "如果有重复的关键词，引发 :exc:`TypeError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1145 +msgid ":ref:`class-pattern-matching`" +msgstr ":ref:`class-pattern-matching`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"II. Once all positional patterns have been converted to keyword patterns," +msgstr "二. 若所有的位置模式都被转换为关键词模式，" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1148 +msgid "the match proceeds as if there were only keyword patterns." +msgstr "匹配的过程就像只有关键词模式一样。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"For the following built-in types the handling of positional subpatterns is " +"different:" +msgstr "对于以下内置类型，位置子模式的处理是不同的：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1153 +msgid ":class:`bool`" +msgstr ":class:`bool`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1154 +msgid ":class:`bytearray`" +msgstr ":class:`bytearray`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1155 +msgid ":class:`bytes`" +msgstr ":class:`bytes`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1156 +msgid ":class:`dict`" +msgstr ":class:`dict`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1157 +msgid ":class:`float`" +msgstr ":class:`float`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1158 +msgid ":class:`frozenset`" +msgstr ":class:`frozenset`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1159 +msgid ":class:`int`" +msgstr ":class:`int`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1160 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1878 +msgid ":class:`list`" +msgstr ":class:`list`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1161 +msgid ":class:`set`" +msgstr ":class:`set`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1162 +msgid ":class:`str`" +msgstr ":class:`str`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1163 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1881 +msgid ":class:`tuple`" +msgstr ":class:`tuple`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"These classes accept a single positional argument, and the pattern there is " +"matched against the whole object rather than an attribute. For example " +"``int(0|1)`` matches the value ``0``, but not the value ``0.0``." +msgstr "" +"这些类接受一个位置参数，其模式是针对整个对象而不是某个属性进行匹配。 例如，``int(0|1)`` 匹配值 ``0``，但不匹配值 ``0.0``。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1169 +msgid "" +"In simple terms ``CLS(P1, attr=P2)`` matches only if the following happens:" +msgstr "简而言之， ``CLS(P1, attr=P2)`` 仅在满足以下情况时匹配成功：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1171 +msgid "``isinstance(, CLS)``" +msgstr "``isinstance(, CLS)``" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1172 +msgid "convert ``P1`` to a keyword pattern using ``CLS.__match_args__``" +msgstr "用 ``CLS.__match_args__`` 将 ``P1`` 转换为关键词模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1173 +msgid "For each keyword argument ``attr=P2``:" +msgstr "对于每个关键词参数 ``attr=P2`` ：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1175 +msgid "``hasattr(, \"attr\")``" +msgstr "``hasattr(, \"attr\")``" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1176 +msgid "``P2`` matches ``.attr``" +msgstr "将 ``P2`` 与 ``.attr`` 进行匹配" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1178 +msgid "... and so on for the corresponding keyword argument/pattern pair." +msgstr "…… 剩余对应的关键字参数/模式对也以此类推。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1193 +msgid "Function definitions" +msgstr "函数定义" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1208 +msgid "" +"A function definition defines a user-defined function object (see section " +":ref:`types`):" +msgstr "函数定义就是对用户自定义函数的定义（参见 :ref:`types` 一节）:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1228 +msgid "" +"A function definition is an executable statement. Its execution binds the " +"function name in the current local namespace to a function object (a wrapper" +" around the executable code for the function). This function object " +"contains a reference to the current global namespace as the global namespace" +" to be used when the function is called." +msgstr "" +"函数定义是一条可执行语句。 它执行时会在当前局部命名空间中将函数名称绑定到一个函数对象（函数可执行代码的包装器）。 " +"这个函数对象包含对当前全局命名空间的引用，作为函数被调用时所使用的全局命名空间。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1234 +msgid "" +"The function definition does not execute the function body; this gets " +"executed only when the function is called. [#]_" +msgstr "函数定义并不会执行函数体；只有当函数被调用时才会执行此操作。 [#]_" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"A function definition may be wrapped by one or more :term:`decorator` " +"expressions. Decorator expressions are evaluated when the function is " +"defined, in the scope that contains the function definition. The result " +"must be a callable, which is invoked with the function object as the only " +"argument. The returned value is bound to the function name instead of the " +"function object. Multiple decorators are applied in nested fashion. For " +"example, the following code ::" +msgstr "" +"一个函数定义可以被一个或多个 :term:`decorator` 表达式所包装。 当函数被定义时将在包含该函数定义的作用域中对装饰器表达式求值。 " +"求值结果必须是一个可调用对象，它会以该函数对象作为唯一参数被唤起。 其返回值将被绑定到函数名称而非函数对象。 多个装饰器会以嵌套方式被应用。 " +"例如以下代码 ::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"@f1(arg)\n" +"@f2\n" +"def func(): pass" +msgstr "" +"@f1(arg)\n" +"@f2\n" +"def func(): pass" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1251 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1446 +msgid "is roughly equivalent to ::" +msgstr "大致等价于 ::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"def func(): pass\n" +"func = f1(arg)(f2(func))" +msgstr "" +"def func(): pass\n" +"func = f1(arg)(f2(func))" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1256 +msgid "" +"except that the original function is not temporarily bound to the name " +"``func``." +msgstr "不同之处在于原始函数并不会被临时绑定到名称 ``func``。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1258 +msgid "" +"Functions may be decorated with any valid :token:`~python-" +"grammar:assignment_expression`. Previously, the grammar was much more " +"restrictive; see :pep:`614` for details." +msgstr "" +"函数可使用任何有效的 :token:`~python-grammar:assignment_expression` 来装饰。 " +"在之前版本中，此语法则更为受限，详情参见 :pep:`614`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"A list of :ref:`type parameters ` may be given in square " +"brackets between the function's name and the opening parenthesis for its " +"parameter list. This indicates to static type checkers that the function is " +"generic. At runtime, the type parameters can be retrieved from the " +"function's :attr:`~function.__type_params__` attribute. See :ref:`generic-" +"functions` for more." +msgstr "" +"可以在函数名及其形参列表开头圆括号之间加方括号给出一个 :ref:`类型形参 ` 的列表。 " +"这将向静态类型检查器指明该函数是泛型尾数。 在运行时，类型形参可以从函数的 :attr:`~function.__type_params__` " +"属性中提取。 请参阅 :ref:`generic-functions` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1270 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1465 +msgid "Type parameter lists are new in Python 3.12." +msgstr "类型形参列表是在 Python 3.12 中新增的。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"When one or more :term:`parameters ` have the form *parameter* " +"``=`` *expression*, the function is said to have \"default parameter " +"values.\" For a parameter with a default value, the corresponding " +":term:`argument` may be omitted from a call, in which case the parameter's " +"default value is substituted. If a parameter has a default value, all " +"following parameters up until the \"``*``\" must also have a default value " +"--- this is a syntactic restriction that is not expressed by the grammar." +msgstr "" +"当一个或多个 :term:`形参 ` 具有 *形参* ``=`` *表达式* 这样的形式时，该函数就被称为具有“默认形参值”。 " +"对于一个具有默认值的形参，其对应的 :term:`argument` 可以在调用中被省略，在此情况下会用形参的默认值来替代。 " +"如果一个形参具有默认值，后续所有在 \"``*``\" 之前的形参也必须具有默认值 --- 这个句法限制并未在语法中明确表达。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"**Default parameter values are evaluated from left to right when the " +"function definition is executed.** This means that the expression is " +"evaluated once, when the function is defined, and that the same \"pre-" +"computed\" value is used for each call. This is especially important to " +"understand when a default parameter value is a mutable object, such as a " +"list or a dictionary: if the function modifies the object (e.g. by appending" +" an item to a list), the default parameter value is in effect modified. " +"This is generally not what was intended. A way around this is to use " +"``None`` as the default, and explicitly test for it in the body of the " +"function, e.g.::" +msgstr "" +"**默认形参值会在执行函数定义时按从左至右的顺序被求值。** 这意味着当函数被定义时将对表达式求值一次，相同的“预计算”值将在每次调用时被使用。 " +"这一点在默认形参为可变对象，例如列表或字典的时候尤其需要重点理解：如果函数修改了该对象（例如向列表添加了一项），则实际上默认值也会被修改。 " +"这通常不是人们所想要的。 绕过此问题的一个方法是使用 ``None`` 作为默认值，并在函数体中显式地对其进测试，例如::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"def whats_on_the_telly(penguin=None):\n" +" if penguin is None:\n" +" penguin = []\n" +" penguin.append(\"property of the zoo\")\n" +" return penguin" +msgstr "" +"def whats_on_the_telly(penguin=None):\n" +" if penguin is None:\n" +" penguin = []\n" +" penguin.append(\"property of the zoo\")\n" +" return penguin" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"Function call semantics are described in more detail in section " +":ref:`calls`. A function call always assigns values to all parameters " +"mentioned in the parameter list, either from positional arguments, from " +"keyword arguments, or from default values. If the form \"``*identifier``\" " +"is present, it is initialized to a tuple receiving any excess positional " +"parameters, defaulting to the empty tuple. If the form \"``**identifier``\" " +"is present, it is initialized to a new ordered mapping receiving any excess " +"keyword arguments, defaulting to a new empty mapping of the same type. " +"Parameters after \"``*``\" or \"``*identifier``\" are keyword-only " +"parameters and may only be passed by keyword arguments. Parameters before " +"\"``/``\" are positional-only parameters and may only be passed by " +"positional arguments." +msgstr "" +"函数调用的语义在 :ref:`calls` 一节中有更详细的描述。 " +"函数调用总是会给形参列表中列出的所有形参赋值，或是用位置参数，或是用关键字参数，或是用默认值。 如果存在 \"``*identifier``\" " +"这样的形式，它会被初始化为一个元组来接收任何额外的位置参数，默认为一个空元组。 如果存在 \"``**identifier``\" " +"这样的形式，它会被初始化为一个新的有序映射来接收任何额外的关键字参数，默认为一个相同类型的空映射。 在 \"``*``\" 或 " +"\"``*identifier``\" 之后的形参都是仅限关键字形参因而只能通过关键字参数传入。 在 \"``/``\" " +"之前的形参都是仅限位置形参因而只能通过位置参数传入。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"The ``/`` function parameter syntax may be used to indicate positional-only " +"parameters. See :pep:`570` for details." +msgstr "可以使用 ``/`` 函数形参语法来标示仅限位置形参。 请参阅 :pep:`570` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"Parameters may have an :term:`annotation ` of the form " +"\"``: expression``\" following the parameter name. Any parameter may have " +"an annotation, even those of the form ``*identifier`` or ``**identifier``. " +"(As a special case, parameters of the form ``*identifier`` may have an " +"annotation \"``: *expression``\".) Functions may have \"return\" annotation " +"of the form \"``-> expression``\" after the parameter list. These " +"annotations can be any valid Python expression. The presence of annotations" +" does not change the semantics of a function. The annotation values are " +"available as values of a dictionary keyed by the parameters' names in the " +":attr:`__annotations__` attribute of the function object. If the " +"``annotations`` import from :mod:`__future__` is used, annotations are " +"preserved as strings at runtime which enables postponed evaluation. " +"Otherwise, they are evaluated when the function definition is executed. In " +"this case annotations may be evaluated in a different order than they appear" +" in the source code." +msgstr "" +"形参可以带有 :term:`标注 `，其形式为在形参名后加 \"``: expression``\"。 " +"任何形参都可以带标注，甚至 ``*identifier`` 或 ``**identifier`` 这样的形参也可以。 " +"（作为特例，``*identifier`` 这样的形参可以有 \"``: *expression``\" 形式的标注。） " +"函数可以带有“返回”标注，其形式为在形参列表后加 \"``-> expression``\"。 这些标注可以是任何有效的 Python 表达式。 " +"标注的存在不会改变函数的语义。 标注值可以作为函数对象的 :attr:`__annotations__` 属性字典中以对应形参名为键的条目值来访问。 " +"如果使用了 ``annotations`` import from :mod:`__future__` " +"的写法，则标注会在运行时保存为字符串以启用延迟求值特性。 否则的话，它们会在执行函数定义时被求值。 " +"在这种情况下，标注的求值顺序可能与它们在源代码中出现的顺序不同。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1342 +msgid "" +"Parameters of the form \"``*identifier``\" may have an annotation \"``: " +"*expression``\". See :pep:`646`." +msgstr "形式为 \"``*identifier``\" 的形参可以带有 \"``: *expression``\" 标注。 参见 :pep:`646`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to create anonymous functions (functions not bound to a " +"name), for immediate use in expressions. This uses lambda expressions, " +"described in section :ref:`lambda`. Note that the lambda expression is " +"merely a shorthand for a simplified function definition; a function defined " +"in a \":keyword:`def`\" statement can be passed around or assigned to " +"another name just like a function defined by a lambda expression. The " +"\":keyword:`!def`\" form is actually more powerful since it allows the " +"execution of multiple statements and annotations." +msgstr "" +"创建匿名函数（未绑定到一个名称的函数）以便立即在表达式中使用也是可能的。 这需要使用 lambda 表达式，具体描述见 :ref:`lambda` " +"一节。 请注意 lambda 只是简单函数定义的一种简化写法；在 \":keyword:`def`\" 语句中定义的函数也可以像用 lambda " +"表达式定义的函数一样被传递或赋值给其他名称。 \":keyword:`!def`\" 形式实际上更为强大，因为它允许执行多条语句和使用标注。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"**Programmer's note:** Functions are first-class objects. A \"``def``\" " +"statement executed inside a function definition defines a local function " +"that can be returned or passed around. Free variables used in the nested " +"function can access the local variables of the function containing the def." +" See section :ref:`naming` for details." +msgstr "" +"**程序员注意事项:** 函数属于一类对象。 在一个函数内部执行的 \"``def``\" 语句会定义一个局部函数并可被返回或传递。 " +"在嵌套函数中使用的自由变量可以访问包含该 def 语句的函数的局部变量。 详情参见 :ref:`naming` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1364 +msgid ":pep:`3107` - Function Annotations" +msgstr ":pep:`3107` - 函数标注" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1365 +msgid "The original specification for function annotations." +msgstr "最初的函数标注规范说明。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1367 +msgid ":pep:`484` - Type Hints" +msgstr ":pep:`484` —— 类型注解" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1368 +msgid "Definition of a standard meaning for annotations: type hints." +msgstr "标注的标准含意定义：类型提示。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1370 +msgid ":pep:`526` - Syntax for Variable Annotations" +msgstr ":pep:`526` - 变量标注的语法" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"Ability to type hint variable declarations, including class variables and " +"instance variables." +msgstr "变量声明的类型提示功能，包括类变量和实例变量。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1374 +msgid ":pep:`563` - Postponed Evaluation of Annotations" +msgstr ":pep:`563` - 延迟的标注求值" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1375 +msgid "" +"Support for forward references within annotations by preserving annotations " +"in a string form at runtime instead of eager evaluation." +msgstr "支持在运行时通过以字符串形式保存标注而非不是即求值来实现标注内部的向前引用。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1378 +msgid ":pep:`318` - Decorators for Functions and Methods" +msgstr ":pep:`318` - 函数和方法的装饰器" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"Function and method decorators were introduced. Class decorators were " +"introduced in :pep:`3129`." +msgstr "引入了函数和方法的装饰器。 类装饰器是在 :pep:`3129` 中引入的。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1385 +msgid "Class definitions" +msgstr "类定义" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1400 +msgid "A class definition defines a class object (see section :ref:`types`):" +msgstr "类定义就是对类对象的定义 (参见 :ref:`types` 一节):" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1407 +msgid "" +"A class definition is an executable statement. The inheritance list usually" +" gives a list of base classes (see :ref:`metaclasses` for more advanced " +"uses), so each item in the list should evaluate to a class object which " +"allows subclassing. Classes without an inheritance list inherit, by " +"default, from the base class :class:`object`; hence, ::" +msgstr "" +"类定义是一条可执行语句。 其中继承列表通常给出基类的列表 (进阶用法请参见 " +":ref:`metaclasses`)，列表中的每一项都应当被求值为一个允许子类的类对象。 没有继承列表的类默认继承自基类 " +":class:`object`；因此，::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1413 +msgid "" +"class Foo:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class Foo:\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1416 +msgid "is equivalent to ::" +msgstr "等价于 ::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1418 +msgid "" +"class Foo(object):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class Foo(object):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1421 +msgid "" +"The class's suite is then executed in a new execution frame (see " +":ref:`naming`), using a newly created local namespace and the original " +"global namespace. (Usually, the suite contains mostly function definitions.)" +" When the class's suite finishes execution, its execution frame is " +"discarded but its local namespace is saved. [#]_ A class object is then " +"created using the inheritance list for the base classes and the saved local " +"namespace for the attribute dictionary. The class name is bound to this " +"class object in the original local namespace." +msgstr "" +"随后类体将在一个新的执行帧 (参见 :ref:`naming`) 中被执行，使用新创建的局部命名空间和原有的全局命名空间。 " +"（通常，类体主要包含函数定义。） 当类体结束执行时，其执行帧将被丢弃而其局部命名空间会被保存。 [#]_ " +"一个类对象随后会被创建，其基类使用给定的继承列表，属性字典使用保存的局部命名空间。 类名称将在原有的全局命名空间中绑定到该类对象。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1430 +msgid "" +"The order in which attributes are defined in the class body is preserved in " +"the new class's :attr:`~type.__dict__`. Note that this is reliable only " +"right after the class is created and only for classes that were defined " +"using the definition syntax." +msgstr "" +"在类体内定义的属性的顺序保存在新类的 :attr:`~type.__dict__` 中。 " +"请注意此顺序的可靠性只限于类刚被创建时，并且只适用于定义语法所定义的类。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"Class creation can be customized heavily using :ref:`metaclasses " +"`." +msgstr "类的创建可使用 :ref:`元类 ` 进行重度定制。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1440 +msgid "Classes can also be decorated: just like when decorating functions, ::" +msgstr "类也可以被装饰：就像装饰函数一样，::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1442 +msgid "" +"@f1(arg)\n" +"@f2\n" +"class Foo: pass" +msgstr "" +"@f1(arg)\n" +"@f2\n" +"class Foo: pass" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"class Foo: pass\n" +"Foo = f1(arg)(f2(Foo))" +msgstr "" +"class Foo: pass\n" +"Foo = f1(arg)(f2(Foo))" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"The evaluation rules for the decorator expressions are the same as for " +"function decorators. The result is then bound to the class name." +msgstr "装饰器表达式的求值规则与函数装饰器相同。 结果随后会被绑定到类名称。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1454 +msgid "" +"Classes may be decorated with any valid :token:`~python-" +"grammar:assignment_expression`. Previously, the grammar was much more " +"restrictive; see :pep:`614` for details." +msgstr "" +"类可使用任何有效的 :token:`~python-grammar:assignment_expression` 来装饰。 " +"在之前版本中，此语法则更为受限，详情参见 :pep:`614`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1459 +msgid "" +"A list of :ref:`type parameters ` may be given in square " +"brackets immediately after the class's name. This indicates to static type " +"checkers that the class is generic. At runtime, the type parameters can be " +"retrieved from the class's :attr:`~type.__type_params__` attribute. See " +":ref:`generic-classes` for more." +msgstr "" +"可以在类名之后的方括号中列出 :ref:`类型形参 `。 这将向静态类型检查器指明该类是泛型类。 在运行时，可以从类的 " +":attr:`~type.__type_params__` 属性中获取类型形参。 请参阅 :ref:`generic-classes` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"**Programmer's note:** Variables defined in the class definition are class " +"attributes; they are shared by instances. Instance attributes can be set in" +" a method with ``self.name = value``. Both class and instance attributes " +"are accessible through the notation \"``self.name``\", and an instance " +"attribute hides a class attribute with the same name when accessed in this " +"way. Class attributes can be used as defaults for instance attributes, but " +"using mutable values there can lead to unexpected results. " +":ref:`Descriptors ` can be used to create instance variables " +"with different implementation details." +msgstr "" +"**程序员注意事项:** 在类定义内定义的变量是类属性；它们将被类实例所共享。 实例属性可通过 ``self.name = value`` " +"在方法中设定。 类和实例属性均可通过 \"``self.name``\" 表示法来访问，当通过此方式访问时实例属性会隐藏同名的类属性。 " +"类属性可被用作实例属性的默认值，但在此场景下使用可变值可能导致未预期的结果。 可以使用 :ref:`描述器 ` " +"来创建具有不同实现细节的实例变量。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1480 +msgid ":pep:`3115` - Metaclasses in Python 3000" +msgstr ":pep:`3115` - Python 3000 中的元类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"The proposal that changed the declaration of metaclasses to the current " +"syntax, and the semantics for how classes with metaclasses are constructed." +msgstr "将元类声明修改为当前语法的提议，以及关于如何构建带有元类的类的语义描述。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1485 +msgid ":pep:`3129` - Class Decorators" +msgstr ":pep:`3129` - 类装饰器" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1486 +msgid "" +"The proposal that added class decorators. Function and method decorators " +"were introduced in :pep:`318`." +msgstr "增加类装饰器的提议。 函数和方法装饰器是在 :pep:`318` 中被引入的。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1493 +msgid "Coroutines" +msgstr "协程" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1501 +msgid "Coroutine function definition" +msgstr "协程函数定义" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1511 +msgid "" +"Execution of Python coroutines can be suspended and resumed at many points " +"(see :term:`coroutine`). :keyword:`await` expressions, :keyword:`async for` " +"and :keyword:`async with` can only be used in the body of a coroutine " +"function." +msgstr "" +"Python 协程的执行可以在多个位置上被挂起和恢复 (参见 :term:`coroutine`)。 :keyword:`await` " +"表达式，:keyword:`async for` 以及 :keyword:`async with` 只能在协程函数体中使用。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1515 +msgid "" +"Functions defined with ``async def`` syntax are always coroutine functions, " +"even if they do not contain ``await`` or ``async`` keywords." +msgstr "使用 ``async def`` 语法定义的函数总是为协程函数，即使它们不包含 ``await`` 或 ``async`` 关键字。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1518 +msgid "" +"It is a :exc:`SyntaxError` to use a ``yield from`` expression inside the " +"body of a coroutine function." +msgstr "在协程函数体中使用 ``yield from`` 表达式将引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1521 +msgid "An example of a coroutine function::" +msgstr "协程函数的例子::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"async def func(param1, param2):\n" +" do_stuff()\n" +" await some_coroutine()" +msgstr "" +"async def func(param1, param2):\n" +" do_stuff()\n" +" await some_coroutine()" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1527 +msgid "" +"``await`` and ``async`` are now keywords; previously they were only treated " +"as such inside the body of a coroutine function." +msgstr "``await`` 和 ``async`` 现在是保留关键字；在之前版本中它们仅在协程函数内被当作保留关键字。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1535 +msgid "The :keyword:`!async for` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!async for` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"An :term:`asynchronous iterable` provides an ``__aiter__`` method that " +"directly returns an :term:`asynchronous iterator`, which can call " +"asynchronous code in its ``__anext__`` method." +msgstr "" +":term:`asynchronous iterable` 提供了 ``__aiter__`` 方法，该方法会直接返回 " +":term:`asynchronous iterator`，它可以在其 ``__anext__`` 方法中调用异步代码。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"The ``async for`` statement allows convenient iteration over asynchronous " +"iterables." +msgstr "``async for`` 语句允许方便地对异步可迭代对象进行迭代。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1549 +msgid "" +"async for TARGET in ITER:\n" +" SUITE\n" +"else:\n" +" SUITE2" +msgstr "" +"async for TARGET in ITER:\n" +" SUITE\n" +"else:\n" +" SUITE2" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1554 +msgid "Is semantically equivalent to::" +msgstr "在语义上等价于::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1556 +msgid "" +"iter = (ITER)\n" +"iter = type(iter).__aiter__(iter)\n" +"running = True\n" +"\n" +"while running:\n" +" try:\n" +" TARGET = await type(iter).__anext__(iter)\n" +" except StopAsyncIteration:\n" +" running = False\n" +" else:\n" +" SUITE\n" +"else:\n" +" SUITE2" +msgstr "" +"iter = (ITER)\n" +"iter = type(iter).__aiter__(iter)\n" +"running = True\n" +"\n" +"while running:\n" +" try:\n" +" TARGET = await type(iter).__anext__(iter)\n" +" except StopAsyncIteration:\n" +" running = False\n" +" else:\n" +" SUITE\n" +"else:\n" +" SUITE2" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1570 +msgid "" +"See also :meth:`~object.__aiter__` and :meth:`~object.__anext__` for " +"details." +msgstr "另请参阅 :meth:`~object.__aiter__` 和 :meth:`~object.__anext__` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1572 +msgid "" +"It is a :exc:`SyntaxError` to use an ``async for`` statement outside the " +"body of a coroutine function." +msgstr "在协程函数体之外使用 ``async for`` 语句将引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1580 +msgid "The :keyword:`!async with` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!async with` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1585 +msgid "" +"An :term:`asynchronous context manager` is a :term:`context manager` that is" +" able to suspend execution in its *enter* and *exit* methods." +msgstr "" +":term:`asynchronous context manager` 是一种 :term:`context manager`，能够在其 " +"*enter* 和 *exit* 方法中暂停执行。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1590 +msgid "" +"async with EXPRESSION as TARGET:\n" +" SUITE" +msgstr "" +"async with EXPRESSION as TARGET:\n" +" SUITE" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"manager = (EXPRESSION)\n" +"aenter = type(manager).__aenter__\n" +"aexit = type(manager).__aexit__\n" +"value = await aenter(manager)\n" +"hit_except = False\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" TARGET = value\n" +" SUITE\n" +"except:\n" +" hit_except = True\n" +" if not await aexit(manager, *sys.exc_info()):\n" +" raise\n" +"finally:\n" +" if not hit_except:\n" +" await aexit(manager, None, None, None)" +msgstr "" +"manager = (EXPRESSION)\n" +"aenter = type(manager).__aenter__\n" +"aexit = type(manager).__aexit__\n" +"value = await aenter(manager)\n" +"hit_except = False\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" TARGET = value\n" +" SUITE\n" +"except:\n" +" hit_except = True\n" +" if not await aexit(manager, *sys.exc_info()):\n" +" raise\n" +"finally:\n" +" if not hit_except:\n" +" await aexit(manager, None, None, None)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1612 +msgid "" +"See also :meth:`~object.__aenter__` and :meth:`~object.__aexit__` for " +"details." +msgstr "另请参阅 :meth:`~object.__aenter__` 和 :meth:`~object.__aexit__` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1614 +msgid "" +"It is a :exc:`SyntaxError` to use an ``async with`` statement outside the " +"body of a coroutine function." +msgstr "在协程函数体之外使用 ``async with`` 语句将引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1619 +msgid ":pep:`492` - Coroutines with async and await syntax" +msgstr ":pep:`492` - 使用 async 和 await 语法实现协程" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1620 +msgid "" +"The proposal that made coroutines a proper standalone concept in Python, and" +" added supporting syntax." +msgstr "将协程作为 Python 中的一个正式的单独概念，并增加相应的支持语法。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1626 +msgid "Type parameter lists" +msgstr "类型形参列表" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1630 +msgid "Support for default values was added (see :pep:`696`)." +msgstr "增加了对默认值的支持 (参见 :pep:`696`)。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1643 +msgid "" +":ref:`Functions ` (including :ref:`coroutines `), " +":ref:`classes ` and :ref:`type aliases ` may contain a type " +"parameter list::" +msgstr "" +":ref:`函数 ` (包括 :ref:`协程 `), :ref:`类 ` 和 :ref:`类型别名 " +"` 可能包含类型形参列表::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1647 +msgid "" +"def max[T](args: list[T]) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"async def amax[T](args: list[T]) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class Bag[T]:\n" +" def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[T]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def add(self, arg: T) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]" +msgstr "" +"def max[T](args: list[T]) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"async def amax[T](args: list[T]) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class Bag[T]:\n" +" def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[T]:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def add(self, arg: T) -> None:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1662 +msgid "" +"Semantically, this indicates that the function, class, or type alias is " +"generic over a type variable. This information is primarily used by static " +"type checkers, and at runtime, generic objects behave much like their non-" +"generic counterparts." +msgstr "" +"从语义上讲，这表明函数、类或类型别名是类型变量的泛型。 此信息主要供静态类型检查器使用，并且在运行时，泛型对象的行为与其对应的非泛型对象非常相似。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1667 +msgid "" +"Type parameters are declared in square brackets (``[]``) immediately after " +"the name of the function, class, or type alias. The type parameters are " +"accessible within the scope of the generic object, but not elsewhere. Thus, " +"after a declaration ``def func[T](): pass``, the name ``T`` is not available" +" in the module scope. Below, the semantics of generic objects are described " +"with more precision. The scope of type parameters is modeled with a special " +"function (technically, an :ref:`annotation scope `) that " +"wraps the creation of the generic object." +msgstr "" +"类型参数是紧接在函数、类或类型别名的名称之后的方括号 (``[]``) 中声明的。 类型参数可在泛型对象的作用域内访问，但不能在其他地方访问。 " +"因此，在声明 ``def func[T](): pass`` 之后，模块作用域中就不能再使用 ``T`` 这个名称。 " +"在下文中，将更精确地描述泛型对象的语义。 类型形参的作用域是用一个特殊函数 (从技术上说，是一个 :ref:`标注作用域 `) 来模拟的，它封装了泛型对象的创建操作。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1676 +msgid "" +"Generic functions, classes, and type aliases have a " +":attr:`~definition.__type_params__` attribute listing their type parameters." +msgstr "泛型函数、类和类型别名都有一个 :attr:`~definition.__type_params__` 属性用来列出它们的类型形参。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1679 +msgid "Type parameters come in three kinds:" +msgstr "类型形参可分为三种:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1681 +msgid "" +":data:`typing.TypeVar`, introduced by a plain name (e.g., ``T``). " +"Semantically, this represents a single type to a type checker." +msgstr "" +":data:`typing.TypeVar`，由一个普通名称 (例如 ``T``) 引入。 从语义上讲，这对类型检查器来说代表了一个单独类型。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1683 +msgid "" +":data:`typing.TypeVarTuple`, introduced by a name prefixed with a single " +"asterisk (e.g., ``*Ts``). Semantically, this stands for a tuple of any " +"number of types." +msgstr "" +":data:`typing.TypeVarTuple`，通过在前面添加一个星号的名称来引入 (例如 ``*Ts``)。 " +"从语义上讲，它代表由任意多个类型组成的元组。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1686 +msgid "" +":data:`typing.ParamSpec`, introduced by a name prefixed with two asterisks " +"(e.g., ``**P``). Semantically, this stands for the parameters of a callable." +msgstr "" +":data:`typing.ParamSpec`，通过在前面添加两个星号的名称来引入 (例如 ``**P``)。 " +"从语义上讲，它代表一个可调用对象的形参。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1689 +msgid "" +":data:`typing.TypeVar` declarations can define *bounds* and *constraints* " +"with a colon (``:``) followed by an expression. A single expression after " +"the colon indicates a bound (e.g. ``T: int``). Semantically, this means that" +" the :data:`!typing.TypeVar` can only represent types that are a subtype of " +"this bound. A parenthesized tuple of expressions after the colon indicates a" +" set of constraints (e.g. ``T: (str, bytes)``). Each member of the tuple " +"should be a type (again, this is not enforced at runtime). Constrained type " +"variables can only take on one of the types in the list of constraints." +msgstr "" +":data:`typing.TypeVar` 声明可以通过在冒号 (``:`` ) 后跟一个表达式来定义 *范围* 和 *约束*。 " +"冒号后的单独表达式表示一个范围 (例如 ``T: int``)。 从语义上讲，这意味着 :data:`!typing.TypeVar` " +"能表示的类型只能是该范围的子类型。 冒号后在圆括号内的表达式元组指定了一组约束 (例如 ``T: (str, bytes)``)。 " +"元组中的每个成员都应为一个类型 (同样，在运行时并不强制要求这一点)。 约束的类型变量只能使用约束列表内的类型中选择一种。 " + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1698 +msgid "" +"For :data:`!typing.TypeVar`\\ s declared using the type parameter list " +"syntax, the bound and constraints are not evaluated when the generic object " +"is created, but only when the value is explicitly accessed through the " +"attributes ``__bound__`` and ``__constraints__``. To accomplish this, the " +"bounds or constraints are evaluated in a separate :ref:`annotation scope " +"`." +msgstr "" +"对于使用类型形参列表语法声明的 :data:`!typing.TypeVar`，范围和约束在创建泛型对象时并不会被求值，只有在通过属性 " +"``__bound__`` 和 ``__constraints__`` 显式地访问它时才会被求值。 要做到这一点，需要在单独的 :ref:`标注作用域 " +"` 中对范围和约束进行求值。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1704 +msgid "" +":data:`typing.TypeVarTuple`\\ s and :data:`typing.ParamSpec`\\ s cannot have" +" bounds or constraints." +msgstr ":data:`typing.TypeVarTuple` 和 :data:`typing.ParamSpec` 不能拥有范围或约束。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1707 +msgid "" +"All three flavors of type parameters can also have a *default value*, which " +"is used when the type parameter is not explicitly provided. This is added by" +" appending a single equals sign (``=``) followed by an expression. Like the " +"bounds and constraints of type variables, the default value is not evaluated" +" when the object is created, but only when the type parameter's " +"``__default__`` attribute is accessed. To this end, the default value is " +"evaluated in a separate :ref:`annotation scope `. If no " +"default value is specified for a type parameter, the ``__default__`` " +"attribute is set to the special sentinel object :data:`typing.NoDefault`." +msgstr "" +"所有三种风格的类型形参都还可以具有 *默认值*，它会在未显式提供类型形参值时被使用。 这是通过添加单个等号 (``=``) 跟一个表达式来添加的。 " +"与类型变量的绑定和约束类似，默认值不是在创建对象时被求值的，而是在类型形参的 ``__default__`` 属性被访问的时候。 为此，默认值将在单独的" +" :ref:`标注作用域 ` 中被求值。 如果没有为类型形参指定默认值，``__default__`` " +"属性将被设为特殊的哨兵对象 :data:`typing.NoDefault`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1717 +msgid "" +"The following example indicates the full set of allowed type parameter " +"declarations::" +msgstr "下面的例子显示了所有被允许的类型形参声明::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1719 +msgid "" +"def overly_generic[\n" +" SimpleTypeVar,\n" +" TypeVarWithDefault = int,\n" +" TypeVarWithBound: int,\n" +" TypeVarWithConstraints: (str, bytes),\n" +" *SimpleTypeVarTuple = (int, float),\n" +" **SimpleParamSpec = (str, bytearray),\n" +"](\n" +" a: SimpleTypeVar,\n" +" b: TypeVarWithDefault,\n" +" c: TypeVarWithBound,\n" +" d: Callable[SimpleParamSpec, TypeVarWithConstraints],\n" +" *e: SimpleTypeVarTuple,\n" +"): ..." +msgstr "" +"def overly_generic[\n" +" SimpleTypeVar,\n" +" TypeVarWithDefault = int,\n" +" TypeVarWithBound: int,\n" +" TypeVarWithConstraints: (str, bytes),\n" +" *SimpleTypeVarTuple = (int, float),\n" +" **SimpleParamSpec = (str, bytearray),\n" +"](\n" +" a: SimpleTypeVar,\n" +" b: TypeVarWithDefault,\n" +" c: TypeVarWithBound,\n" +" d: Callable[SimpleParamSpec, TypeVarWithConstraints],\n" +" *e: SimpleTypeVarTuple,\n" +"): ..." + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1737 +msgid "Generic functions" +msgstr "泛型函数" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1739 +msgid "Generic functions are declared as follows::" +msgstr "泛型函数的声明方式如下::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1741 +msgid "def func[T](arg: T): ..." +msgstr "def func[T](arg: T): ..." + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1743 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1803 +msgid "This syntax is equivalent to::" +msgstr "该语法等价于::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +" def func(arg: T): ...\n" +" func.__type_params__ = (T,)\n" +" return func\n" +"func = TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func()" +msgstr "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +" def func(arg: T): ...\n" +" func.__type_params__ = (T,)\n" +" return func\n" +"func = TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func()" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1752 +msgid "" +"Here ``annotation-def`` indicates an :ref:`annotation scope `, which is not actually bound to any name at runtime. (One other " +"liberty is taken in the translation: the syntax does not go through " +"attribute access on the :mod:`typing` module, but creates an instance of " +":data:`typing.TypeVar` directly.)" +msgstr "" +"这里 ``annotation-def`` 指定了一个 :ref:`标注作用域 `，它在运行时并不会实际绑定到任何名称。 （另一项自由是在翻译中达成的：该语法没有通过 :mod:`typing` " +"模块的属性访问，而是直接创建了一个 :data:`typing.TypeVar` 的实例）。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1758 +msgid "" +"The annotations of generic functions are evaluated within the annotation " +"scope used for declaring the type parameters, but the function's defaults " +"and decorators are not." +msgstr "泛型函数的标注会在用于声明类型形参的标注作用域内进行求值，但函数的默认值和装饰器则不会。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1762 +msgid "" +"The following example illustrates the scoping rules for these cases, as well" +" as for additional flavors of type parameters::" +msgstr "下面的例子演示了针对这些场景，以及类型形参的变化形式的作用域规则::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1765 +msgid "" +"@decorator\n" +"def func[T: int, *Ts, **P](*args: *Ts, arg: Callable[P, T] = some_default):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@decorator\n" +"def func[T: int, *Ts, **P](*args: *Ts, arg: Callable[P, T] = some_default):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1769 +msgid "" +"Except for the :ref:`lazy evaluation ` of the " +":class:`~typing.TypeVar` bound, this is equivalent to::" +msgstr "" +"除了 :class:`~typing.TypeVar` 绑定的 :ref:`惰性求值 ` 以外，这等同于::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1772 +msgid "" +"DEFAULT_OF_arg = some_default\n" +"\n" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func():\n" +"\n" +" annotation-def BOUND_OF_T():\n" +" return int\n" +" # In reality, BOUND_OF_T() is evaluated only on demand.\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\", bound=BOUND_OF_T())\n" +"\n" +" Ts = typing.TypeVarTuple(\"Ts\")\n" +" P = typing.ParamSpec(\"P\")\n" +"\n" +" def func(*args: *Ts, arg: Callable[P, T] = DEFAULT_OF_arg):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" func.__type_params__ = (T, Ts, P)\n" +" return func\n" +"func = decorator(TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func())" +msgstr "" +"DEFAULT_OF_arg = some_default\n" +"\n" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func():\n" +"\n" +" annotation-def BOUND_OF_T():\n" +" return int\n" +" # 在现实中，BOUND_OF_T() 仅会在需要时被求值。\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\", bound=BOUND_OF_T())\n" +"\n" +" Ts = typing.TypeVarTuple(\"Ts\")\n" +" P = typing.ParamSpec(\"P\")\n" +"\n" +" def func(*args: *Ts, arg: Callable[P, T] = DEFAULT_OF_arg):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" func.__type_params__ = (T, Ts, P)\n" +" return func\n" +"func = decorator(TYPE_PARAMS_OF_func())" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1791 +msgid "" +"The capitalized names like ``DEFAULT_OF_arg`` are not actually bound at " +"runtime." +msgstr "大写形式的名称如 ``DEFAULT_OF_arg`` 在运行时不会被实际绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1797 +msgid "Generic classes" +msgstr "泛型类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1799 +msgid "Generic classes are declared as follows::" +msgstr "泛型类的声明方式如下::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1801 +msgid "class Bag[T]: ..." +msgstr "class Bag[T]: ..." + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +" class Bag(typing.Generic[T]):\n" +" __type_params__ = (T,)\n" +" ...\n" +" return Bag\n" +"Bag = TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag()" +msgstr "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +" class Bag(typing.Generic[T]):\n" +" __type_params__ = (T,)\n" +" ...\n" +" return Bag\n" +"Bag = TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag()" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1813 +msgid "" +"Here again ``annotation-def`` (not a real keyword) indicates an " +":ref:`annotation scope `, and the name " +"``TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag`` is not actually bound at runtime." +msgstr "" +"这里还是用 ``annotation-def`` (不是真正的关键字) 指明 :ref:`标注作用域 `，而名称 " +"``TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag`` 在不会运行时实际被绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1817 +msgid "" +"Generic classes implicitly inherit from :data:`typing.Generic`. The base " +"classes and keyword arguments of generic classes are evaluated within the " +"type scope for the type parameters, and decorators are evaluated outside " +"that scope. This is illustrated by this example::" +msgstr "" +"泛型类隐式地继承自 :data:`typing.Generic`。 " +"泛型类的基类和关键字参数在类型形参的类型作用域内进行求值，而装饰器则在该作用域之外进行求值。 以下示例对此进行了说明::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1823 +msgid "" +"@decorator\n" +"class Bag(Base[T], arg=T): ..." +msgstr "" +"@decorator\n" +"class Bag(Base[T], arg=T): ..." + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1826 +msgid "This is equivalent to::" +msgstr "这相当于：" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1828 +msgid "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +" class Bag(Base[T], typing.Generic[T], arg=T):\n" +" __type_params__ = (T,)\n" +" ...\n" +" return Bag\n" +"Bag = decorator(TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag())" +msgstr "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +" class Bag(Base[T], typing.Generic[T], arg=T):\n" +" __type_params__ = (T,)\n" +" ...\n" +" return Bag\n" +"Bag = decorator(TYPE_PARAMS_OF_Bag())" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1839 +msgid "Generic type aliases" +msgstr "泛型类型别名" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1841 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`type` statement can also be used to create a generic type " +"alias::" +msgstr ":keyword:`type` 语句也可被用来创建泛型类型别名::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1843 +msgid "type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]" +msgstr "type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"Except for the :ref:`lazy evaluation ` of the value, this " +"is equivalent to::" +msgstr "除了会对值执行 :ref:`惰性求值 ` 以外，这等同于::" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1848 +msgid "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +" annotation-def VALUE_OF_ListOrSet():\n" +" return list[T] | set[T]\n" +" # In reality, the value is lazily evaluated\n" +" return typing.TypeAliasType(\"ListOrSet\", VALUE_OF_ListOrSet(), type_params=(T,))\n" +"ListOrSet = TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet()" +msgstr "" +"annotation-def TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet():\n" +" T = typing.TypeVar(\"T\")\n" +"\n" +" annotation-def VALUE_OF_ListOrSet():\n" +" return list[T] | set[T]\n" +" # 在现实中，该值将被惰性地求值\n" +" return typing.TypeAliasType(\"ListOrSet\", VALUE_OF_ListOrSet(), type_params=(T,))\n" +"ListOrSet = TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet()" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1857 +msgid "" +"Here, ``annotation-def`` (not a real keyword) indicates an :ref:`annotation " +"scope `. The capitalized names like " +"``TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet`` are not actually bound at runtime." +msgstr "" +"这里，``annotation-def`` (不是一个真正的关键字) 指明 :ref:`标注作用域 `。 像 " +"``TYPE_PARAMS_OF_ListOrSet`` 这样的大写名称不会在运行时实际被绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1862 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1863 +msgid "" +"The exception is propagated to the invocation stack unless there is a " +":keyword:`finally` clause which happens to raise another exception. That new" +" exception causes the old one to be lost." +msgstr "异常会被传播给唤起栈，除非存在一个 :keyword:`finally` 子句正好引发了另一个异常。 新引发的异常将导致旧异常的丢失。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1867 +msgid "In pattern matching, a sequence is defined as one of the following:" +msgstr "在模式匹配中，序列被定义为以下几种之一:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1869 +msgid "a class that inherits from :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`" +msgstr "继承自 :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 的类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"a Python class that has been registered as :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`" +msgstr "注册为 :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` 的 Python 类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1871 +msgid "" +"a builtin class that has its (CPython) :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` bit " +"set" +msgstr "设置了 (CPython) :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` 比特位的内置类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1872 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1891 +msgid "a class that inherits from any of the above" +msgstr "继承自上述任何一个类的类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1874 +msgid "The following standard library classes are sequences:" +msgstr "下列标准库中的类都是序列:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1876 +msgid ":class:`array.array`" +msgstr ":class:`array.array`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1877 +msgid ":class:`collections.deque`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.deque`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1879 +msgid ":class:`memoryview`" +msgstr ":class:`memoryview`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1880 +msgid ":class:`range`" +msgstr ":class:`range`" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1883 +msgid "" +"Subject values of type ``str``, ``bytes``, and ``bytearray`` do not match " +"sequence patterns." +msgstr "类型为 ``str``, ``bytes`` 和 ``bytearray`` 的目标值不能匹配序列模式。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1886 +msgid "In pattern matching, a mapping is defined as one of the following:" +msgstr "在模式匹配中，映射被定义为以下几种之一:" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1888 +msgid "a class that inherits from :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`" +msgstr "继承自 :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 的类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1889 +msgid "" +"a Python class that has been registered as :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`" +msgstr "注册为 :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 的 Python 类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1890 +msgid "" +"a builtin class that has its (CPython) :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` bit set" +msgstr "设置了 (CPython) :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` 比特位的内置类" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"The standard library classes :class:`dict` and " +":class:`types.MappingProxyType` are mappings." +msgstr "标准库中的 :class:`dict` 和 :class:`types.MappingProxyType` 类都属于映射。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1896 +msgid "" +"A string literal appearing as the first statement in the function body is " +"transformed into the function's :attr:`~function.__doc__` attribute and " +"therefore the function's :term:`docstring`." +msgstr "" +"作为函数体的第一条语句出现的字符串字面值会被转换为函数的 :attr:`~function.__doc__` 属性也就是该函数的 " +":term:`docstring`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1900 +msgid "" +"A string literal appearing as the first statement in the class body is " +"transformed into the namespace's :attr:`~type.__doc__` item and therefore " +"the class's :term:`docstring`." +msgstr "" +"作为类体的第一条语句出现的字符串字面值会被转为命名空间的 :attr:`~type.__doc__` 条目，也就是该类的 " +":term:`docstring`。" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:7 +msgid "compound" +msgstr "compound" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:7 ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:86 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:111 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:129 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:169 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:390 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:437 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1497 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1531 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1576 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:21 +msgid "clause" +msgstr "clause" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:21 +msgid "suite" +msgstr "suite" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:21 +msgid "; (semicolon)" +msgstr "; (分号)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:64 +msgid "NEWLINE token" +msgstr "NEWLINE 形符" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:64 +msgid "DEDENT token" +msgstr "DEDENT 形符" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:64 +msgid "dangling" +msgstr "dangling" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:64 ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:86 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:111 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:390 +msgid "else" +msgstr "else" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:86 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +msgid "if" +msgstr "if" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:86 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:111 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:327 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:390 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:408 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1507 +msgid "keyword" +msgstr "关键字" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:86 +msgid "elif" +msgstr "elif" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:86 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:111 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1323 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:86 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:111 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "compound statement" +msgstr "复合语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:111 +msgid "while" +msgstr "while" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:111 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +msgid "loop" +msgstr "循环" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:129 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:169 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:390 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:437 +msgid "break" +msgstr "break" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:129 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:169 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:390 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:437 +msgid "continue" +msgstr "continue" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +msgid "for" +msgstr "for" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +msgid "in" +msgstr "in" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +msgid "target" +msgstr "target" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:298 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:144 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:190 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:190 +msgid "range" +msgstr "range" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +msgid "try" +msgstr "try" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +msgid "except" +msgstr "except" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:408 +msgid "finally" +msgstr "finally" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:207 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:265 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +msgid "as" +msgstr "as" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:265 +msgid "except clause" +msgstr "except 子句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:298 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:298 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:298 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "traceback -- 回溯" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:327 +msgid "except_star" +msgstr "except_star" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:390 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:437 +msgid "return" +msgstr "return" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +msgid "with" +msgstr "with" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +msgid "with statement" +msgstr "with 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:471 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid ", (comma)" +msgstr ", (逗号)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +msgid "match" +msgstr "match" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +msgid "case" +msgstr "case" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +msgid "pattern matching" +msgstr "模式匹配" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:588 +msgid "match statement" +msgstr "match 语句" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:692 +msgid "guard" +msgstr "约束项" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:731 +msgid "irrefutable case block" +msgstr "必须匹配的 case 块" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:731 +msgid "case block" +msgstr "case 块" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:755 +msgid "! patterns" +msgstr "! 模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:755 +msgid "AS pattern, OR pattern, capture pattern, wildcard pattern" +msgstr "AS 模式, OR 模式, 捕获模式, 通配符模式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1186 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1273 +msgid "parameter" +msgstr "parameter -- 形参" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1186 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1237 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1273 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1302 +msgid "function definition" +msgstr "函数定义" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +msgid "def" +msgstr "def" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1323 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "definition" +msgstr "定义" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "name" +msgstr "name" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "binding" +msgstr "绑定" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +msgid "user-defined function" +msgstr "用户自定义函数" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "() (parentheses)" +msgstr "() (圆括号)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1195 +msgid "parameter list" +msgstr "形参列表" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1237 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1437 +msgid "@ (at)" +msgstr "@ (at)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1273 +msgid "default" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1273 +msgid "value" +msgstr "value" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1273 +msgid "argument" +msgstr "argument -- 参数" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1273 +msgid "= (equals)" +msgstr "= (等于号)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1302 +msgid "/ (slash)" +msgstr "/ (斜杠)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1302 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1302 +msgid "**" +msgstr "**" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1323 +msgid "annotations" +msgstr "annotations" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1323 +msgid "->" +msgstr "->" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1323 +msgid "function annotations" +msgstr "函数标注" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1346 +msgid "lambda" +msgstr "lambda" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1346 +msgid "expression" +msgstr "expression -- 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "class" +msgstr "class" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "execution" +msgstr "执行" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "frame" +msgstr "frame -- 帧" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "inheritance" +msgstr "继承" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "docstring" +msgstr "docstring -- 文档字符串" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1437 +msgid "class definition" +msgstr "类定义" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1387 +msgid "expression list" +msgstr "表达式列表" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1497 +msgid "async def" +msgstr "async def" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1507 +msgid "async" +msgstr "async" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1507 +msgid "await" +msgstr "await" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1531 +msgid "async for" +msgstr "async for" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1576 +msgid "async with" +msgstr "async with" + +#: ../../reference/compound_stmts.rst:1633 +msgid "type parameters" +msgstr "类型形参" diff --git a/reference/datamodel.po b/reference/datamodel.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b5466127 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/datamodel.po @@ -0,0 +1,6364 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Fred , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Zombie110year , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# CCXXXI , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# ruoyu zhang , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# Jiu Hong Jiang , 2023 +# Y. Z. Chen <754097987@qq.com>, 2023 +# Xu Siyuan, 2023 +# helloworldSB , 2023 +# sgqy , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# sunsol s , 2023 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# LeeWendao , 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# lqks, 2024 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-28 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:19+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:6 +msgid "Data model" +msgstr "数据模型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:12 +msgid "Objects, values and types" +msgstr "对象、值与类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:18 +msgid "" +":dfn:`Objects` are Python's abstraction for data. All data in a Python " +"program is represented by objects or by relations between objects. (In a " +"sense, and in conformance to Von Neumann's model of a \"stored program " +"computer\", code is also represented by objects.)" +msgstr "" +":dfn:`对象` 是 Python 中对数据的抽象。 Python 程序中的所有数据都是由对象或对象间关系来表示的。 " +"（从某种意义上说，按照冯·诺依曼的“存储程序计算机”模型，代码本身也是由对象来表示的。）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Every object has an identity, a type and a value. An object's *identity* " +"never changes once it has been created; you may think of it as the object's " +"address in memory. The :keyword:`is` operator compares the identity of two " +"objects; the :func:`id` function returns an integer representing its " +"identity." +msgstr "" +"每个对象都有相应的标识号、类型和值。 一个对象被创建后它的 *标识号* 就绝不会改变；你可以将其理解为该对象在内存中的地址。 :keyword:`is`" +" 运算符比较两个对象的标识号是否相同；:func:`id` 函数返回一个代表其标识号的整数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:42 +msgid "For CPython, ``id(x)`` is the memory address where ``x`` is stored." +msgstr "在 CPython 中，``id(x)`` 就是存放 ``x`` 的内存的地址。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:44 +msgid "" +"An object's type determines the operations that the object supports (e.g., " +"\"does it have a length?\") and also defines the possible values for objects" +" of that type. The :func:`type` function returns an object's type (which is" +" an object itself). Like its identity, an object's :dfn:`type` is also " +"unchangeable. [#]_" +msgstr "" +"对象的类型决定该对象所支持的操作 (例如 \"对象是否有长度属性？\") 并且定义了该类型的对象可能的取值。:func:`type` " +"函数能返回一个对象的类型 (类型本身也是对象)。与编号一样，一个对象的 :dfn:`类型` 也是不可改变的。[#]_" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:50 +msgid "" +"The *value* of some objects can change. Objects whose value can change are " +"said to be *mutable*; objects whose value is unchangeable once they are " +"created are called *immutable*. (The value of an immutable container object " +"that contains a reference to a mutable object can change when the latter's " +"value is changed; however the container is still considered immutable, " +"because the collection of objects it contains cannot be changed. So, " +"immutability is not strictly the same as having an unchangeable value, it is" +" more subtle.) An object's mutability is determined by its type; for " +"instance, numbers, strings and tuples are immutable, while dictionaries and " +"lists are mutable." +msgstr "" +"有些对象的 *值* 可以改变。值可以改变的对象被称为 *可变对象*；值不可以改变的对象就被称为 " +"*不可变对象*。(一个不可变容器对象如果包含对可变对象的引用，当后者的值改变时，前者的值也会改变；但是该容器仍属于不可变对象，因为它所包含的对象集是不会改变的。因此，不可变并不严格等同于值不能改变，实际含义要更微妙。)" +" 一个对象的可变性是由其类型决定的；例如，数字、字符串和元组是不可变的，而字典和列表是可变的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Objects are never explicitly destroyed; however, when they become " +"unreachable they may be garbage-collected. An implementation is allowed to " +"postpone garbage collection or omit it altogether --- it is a matter of " +"implementation quality how garbage collection is implemented, as long as no " +"objects are collected that are still reachable." +msgstr "" +"对象绝不会被显式地销毁；然而，当无法访问时它们可能会被作为垃圾回收。允许具体的实现推迟垃圾回收或完全省略此机制 --- " +"如何实现垃圾回收是实现的质量问题，只要可访问的对象不会被回收即可。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:73 +msgid "" +"CPython currently uses a reference-counting scheme with (optional) delayed " +"detection of cyclically linked garbage, which collects most objects as soon " +"as they become unreachable, but is not guaranteed to collect garbage " +"containing circular references. See the documentation of the :mod:`gc` " +"module for information on controlling the collection of cyclic garbage. " +"Other implementations act differently and CPython may change. Do not depend " +"on immediate finalization of objects when they become unreachable (so you " +"should always close files explicitly)." +msgstr "" +"CPython 目前使用带有 (可选) " +"延迟检测循环链接垃圾的引用计数方案，会在对象不可访问时立即回收其中的大部分，但不保证回收包含循环引用的垃圾。请查看 :mod:`gc` " +"模块的文档了解如何控制循环垃圾的收集相关信息。其他实现会有不同的行为方式，CPython 现有方式也可能改变。不要依赖不可访问对象的立即终结机制 " +"(所以你应当总是显式地关闭文件)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Note that the use of the implementation's tracing or debugging facilities " +"may keep objects alive that would normally be collectable. Also note that " +"catching an exception with a :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except` statement" +" may keep objects alive." +msgstr "" +"注意：使用实现的跟踪或调试功能可能令正常情况下会被回收的对象继续存活。还要注意通过 :keyword:`try`...\\ " +":keyword:`except` 语句捕捉异常也可能令对象保持存活。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Some objects contain references to \"external\" resources such as open files" +" or windows. It is understood that these resources are freed when the " +"object is garbage-collected, but since garbage collection is not guaranteed " +"to happen, such objects also provide an explicit way to release the external" +" resource, usually a :meth:`!close` method. Programs are strongly " +"recommended to explicitly close such objects. The :keyword:`try`...\\ " +":keyword:`finally` statement and the :keyword:`with` statement provide " +"convenient ways to do this." +msgstr "" +"有些对象包含对“外部”资源如打开的文件或窗口的引用。 " +"当对象被作为垃圾回收时这些资源也应该会被释放，但由于垃圾回收并不确保发生，这些对象还提供了明确地释放外部资源的操作，通常为一个 " +":meth:`!close` 方法。 强烈推荐在程序中显式关闭此类对象。 :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`finally` " +"语句和 :keyword:`with` 语句提供了进行此种操作的更便捷方式。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:97 +msgid "" +"Some objects contain references to other objects; these are called " +"*containers*. Examples of containers are tuples, lists and dictionaries. " +"The references are part of a container's value. In most cases, when we talk" +" about the value of a container, we imply the values, not the identities of " +"the contained objects; however, when we talk about the mutability of a " +"container, only the identities of the immediately contained objects are " +"implied. So, if an immutable container (like a tuple) contains a reference " +"to a mutable object, its value changes if that mutable object is changed." +msgstr "" +"有些对象包含对其他对象的引用；它们被称为 " +"*容器*。容器的例子有元组、列表和字典等。这些引用是容器对象值的组成部分。在多数情况下，当谈论一个容器的值时，我们是指所包含对象的值而不是其编号；但是，当我们谈论一个容器的可变性时，则仅指其直接包含的对象的编号。因此，如果一个不可变容器" +" (例如元组) 包含对一个可变对象的引用，则当该可变对象被改变时容器的值也会改变。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Types affect almost all aspects of object behavior. Even the importance of " +"object identity is affected in some sense: for immutable types, operations " +"that compute new values may actually return a reference to any existing " +"object with the same type and value, while for mutable objects this is not " +"allowed. For example, after ``a = 1; b = 1``, *a* and *b* may or may not " +"refer to the same object with the value one, depending on the " +"implementation. This is because :class:`int` is an immutable type, so the " +"reference to ``1`` can be reused. This behaviour depends on the " +"implementation used, so should not be relied upon, but is something to be " +"aware of when making use of object identity tests. However, after ``c = []; " +"d = []``, *c* and *d* are guaranteed to refer to two different, unique, " +"newly created empty lists. (Note that ``e = f = []`` assigns the *same* " +"object to both *e* and *f*.)" +msgstr "" +"类型会影响对象行为的几乎所有方面。 " +"甚至对象标识号的重要性也在某种程度上受到影响：对于不可变类型，计算新值的操作实际上可能返回一个指向具有相同类型和值的任何现存对象的引用，而对于可变对象来说这是不允许的。" +" 例如在 ``a = 1; b = 1`` 之后，*a* 和 *b* 可能会也可能不会指向同一个值为一的对象。 这是因为 :class:`int` " +"是不可变对象，因此对 ``1`` 的引用可以被重用。 此行为依赖于所使用的具体实现，因此不应该依赖它，而在使用对象标识测试时需要注意。 不过，在 ``c" +" = []; d = []`` 之后，*c* 和 *d* 保证会指向两个不同的、独特的、新创建的空列表。 (注意 ``e = f = []`` 会将 " +"*同一个* 对象同时赋值给 *e* 和 *f*。)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:124 +msgid "The standard type hierarchy" +msgstr "标准类型层级结构" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Below is a list of the types that are built into Python. Extension modules " +"(written in C, Java, or other languages, depending on the implementation) " +"can define additional types. Future versions of Python may add types to the" +" type hierarchy (e.g., rational numbers, efficiently stored arrays of " +"integers, etc.), although such additions will often be provided via the " +"standard library instead." +msgstr "" +"以下是 Python 内置类型的列表。扩展模块 (具体实现会以 C, Java 或其他语言编写) 可以定义更多的类型。未来版本的 Python " +"可能会加入更多的类型 (例如有理数、高效存储的整型数组等等)，不过新增类型往往都是通过标准库来提供的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:144 +msgid "" +"Some of the type descriptions below contain a paragraph listing 'special " +"attributes.' These are attributes that provide access to the implementation" +" and are not intended for general use. Their definition may change in the " +"future." +msgstr "以下部分类型的描述中包含有 '特殊属性列表' 段落。这些属性提供对具体实现的访问而非通常使用。它们的定义在未来可能会改变。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:150 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:152 +msgid "None" +msgstr "None" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:154 +msgid "" +"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. " +"This object is accessed through the built-in name ``None``. It is used to " +"signify the absence of a value in many situations, e.g., it is returned from" +" functions that don't explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false." +msgstr "" +"此类型只有一种取值。是一个具有此值的单独对象。此对象通过内置名称 ``None`` 访问。在许多情况下它被用来表示空值，例如未显式指明返回值的函数将返回" +" None。它的逻辑值为假。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:161 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:163 +msgid "NotImplemented" +msgstr "NotImplemented" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:165 +msgid "" +"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. " +"This object is accessed through the built-in name :data:`NotImplemented`. " +"Numeric methods and rich comparison methods should return this value if they" +" do not implement the operation for the operands provided. (The interpreter" +" will then try the reflected operation, or some other fallback, depending on" +" the operator.) It should not be evaluated in a boolean context." +msgstr "" +"此类型只有一种取值。 是一个具有该值的单独对象。 此对象通过内置名称 :data:`NotImplemented` 访问。 " +"数值方法和丰富比较方法如未实现指定运算符表示的运算则应返回该值。 （解释器会根据具体运算符继续尝试反向运算或其他回退操作。） 它不应被解读为布尔值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:172 +msgid "See :ref:`implementing-the-arithmetic-operations` for more details." +msgstr "详情参见 :ref:`implementing-the-arithmetic-operations`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Evaluating :data:`NotImplemented` in a boolean context is deprecated. While " +"it currently evaluates as true, it will emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. It" +" will raise a :exc:`TypeError` in a future version of Python." +msgstr "" +"对 :data:`NotImplemented` 求布尔值的操作已被弃用。 虽然它目前会被求解为真值，但将同时发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 它将在未来的 Python 版本中引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:183 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:184 +msgid "Ellipsis" +msgstr "Ellipsis" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:188 +msgid "" +"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. " +"This object is accessed through the literal ``...`` or the built-in name " +"``Ellipsis``. Its truth value is true." +msgstr "" +"此类型只有一种取值。是一个具有此值的单独对象。此对象通过字面值 ``...`` 或内置名称 ``Ellipsis`` 访问。它的逻辑值为真。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:194 +msgid ":class:`numbers.Number`" +msgstr ":class:`numbers.Number`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:198 +msgid "" +"These are created by numeric literals and returned as results by arithmetic " +"operators and arithmetic built-in functions. Numeric objects are immutable;" +" once created their value never changes. Python numbers are of course " +"strongly related to mathematical numbers, but subject to the limitations of " +"numerical representation in computers." +msgstr "" +"此类对象由数字字面值创建，并会被作为算术运算符和算术内置函数的返回结果。数字对象是不可变的；一旦创建其值就不再改变。Python " +"中的数字当然非常类似数学中的数字，但也受限于计算机中的数字表示方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:204 +msgid "" +"The string representations of the numeric classes, computed by " +":meth:`~object.__repr__` and :meth:`~object.__str__`, have the following " +"properties:" +msgstr "" +"数字类的字符串表示形式，由 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 和 :meth:`~object.__str__` " +"算出，具有以下特征属性:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:208 +msgid "" +"They are valid numeric literals which, when passed to their class " +"constructor, produce an object having the value of the original numeric." +msgstr "它们是有效的数字字面值，当被传给它们的类构造器时，将会产生具有原数字值的对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:212 +msgid "The representation is in base 10, when possible." +msgstr "表示形式会在可能的情况下采用 10 进制。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Leading zeros, possibly excepting a single zero before a decimal point, are " +"not shown." +msgstr "开头的零，除小数点前可能存在的单个零之外，将不会被显示。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Trailing zeros, possibly excepting a single zero after a decimal point, are " +"not shown." +msgstr "末尾的零，除小数点后可能存在的单个零之外，将不会被显示。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:220 +msgid "A sign is shown only when the number is negative." +msgstr "正负号仅在当数字为负值时会被显示。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Python distinguishes between integers, floating-point numbers, and complex " +"numbers:" +msgstr "Python 区分整型数、浮点型数和复数：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:227 +msgid ":class:`numbers.Integral`" +msgstr ":class:`numbers.Integral`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:231 +msgid "" +"These represent elements from the mathematical set of integers (positive and" +" negative)." +msgstr "此类对象表示数学中整数集合的成员 (包括正数和负数)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:237 +msgid "" +"The rules for integer representation are intended to give the most " +"meaningful interpretation of shift and mask operations involving negative " +"integers." +msgstr "整型数表示规则的目的是在涉及负整型数的变换和掩码运算时提供最为合理的解释。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:240 +msgid "There are two types of integers:" +msgstr "整型数可细分为两种类型:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:242 +msgid "Integers (:class:`int`)" +msgstr "整型 (:class:`int`)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:243 +msgid "" +"These represent numbers in an unlimited range, subject to available " +"(virtual) memory only. For the purpose of shift and mask operations, a " +"binary representation is assumed, and negative numbers are represented in a " +"variant of 2's complement which gives the illusion of an infinite string of " +"sign bits extending to the left." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示任意大小的数字，仅受限于可用的内存 (包括虚拟内存)。在变换和掩码运算中会以二进制表示，负数会以 2 " +"的补码表示，看起来像是符号位向左延伸补满空位。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:249 +msgid "Booleans (:class:`bool`)" +msgstr "布尔型 (:class:`bool`)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:255 +msgid "" +"These represent the truth values False and True. The two objects " +"representing the values ``False`` and ``True`` are the only Boolean objects." +" The Boolean type is a subtype of the integer type, and Boolean values " +"behave like the values 0 and 1, respectively, in almost all contexts, the " +"exception being that when converted to a string, the strings ``\"False\"`` " +"or ``\"True\"`` are returned, respectively." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示逻辑值 False 和 True。代表 ``False`` 和 ``True`` " +"值的两个对象是唯二的布尔对象。布尔类型是整型的子类型，两个布尔值在各种场合的行为分别类似于数值 0 和 1，例外情况只有在转换为字符串时分别返回字符串 " +"``\"False\"`` 或 ``\"True\"``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:263 +msgid ":class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`float`)" +msgstr ":class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`float`)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:271 +msgid "" +"These represent machine-level double precision floating-point numbers. You " +"are at the mercy of the underlying machine architecture (and C or Java " +"implementation) for the accepted range and handling of overflow. Python does" +" not support single-precision floating-point numbers; the savings in " +"processor and memory usage that are usually the reason for using these are " +"dwarfed by the overhead of using objects in Python, so there is no reason to" +" complicate the language with two kinds of floating-point numbers." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示机器级的双精度浮点数。其所接受的取值范围和溢出处理将受制于底层的机器架构 (以及 C 或 Java 实现)。Python " +"不支持单精度浮点数；支持后者通常的理由是节省处理器和内存消耗，但这点节省相对于在 Python " +"中使用对象的开销来说太过微不足道，因此没有理由包含两种浮点数而令该语言变得复杂。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:281 +msgid ":class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)" +msgstr ":class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:287 +msgid "" +"These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double precision " +"floating-point numbers. The same caveats apply as for floating-point " +"numbers. The real and imaginary parts of a complex number ``z`` can be " +"retrieved through the read-only attributes ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``." +msgstr "" +"此类对象以一对机器级的双精度浮点数来表示复数值。有关浮点数的附带规则对其同样有效。一个复数值 ``z`` 的实部和虚部可通过只读属性 " +"``z.real`` 和 ``z.imag`` 来获取。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:294 +msgid "Sequences" +msgstr "序列" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:303 +msgid "" +"These represent finite ordered sets indexed by non-negative numbers. The " +"built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items of a sequence. " +"When the length of a sequence is *n*, the index set contains the numbers 0, " +"1, ..., *n*-1. Item *i* of sequence *a* is selected by ``a[i]``. Some " +"sequences, including built-in sequences, interpret negative subscripts by " +"adding the sequence length. For example, ``a[-2]`` equals ``a[n-2]``, the " +"second to last item of sequence a with length ``n``." +msgstr "" +"这些代表以非负数为索引的有限有序集合。 内置函数 :func:`len` 将返回序列的项数。 当序列 的长度为 *n* 时，索引集合将包含数字 0, " +"1, ..., *n*-1。 ``a[i]`` 是选择序列 *a* 中的第 *i* 项。 某些序列，包括内置的序列，可通过加上序列长度来解读负下标值。 " +"例如，``a[-2]`` 等价于 ``a[n-2]``，即长度为 ``n`` 的 a 序列的倒数第二项。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:313 +msgid "" +"Sequences also support slicing: ``a[i:j]`` selects all items with index *k* " +"such that *i* ``<=`` *k* ``<`` *j*. When used as an expression, a slice is " +"a sequence of the same type. The comment above about negative indexes also " +"applies to negative slice positions." +msgstr "" +"序列还支持切片: ``a[i:j]`` 是选择索引为 *k* 使得 *i* ``<=`` *k* ``<`` *j* 的所有条目。 " +"当用作表达式时，切片就是一个相同类型的新序列。 以上有关负索引的注释也适用于切片位置的负值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Some sequences also support \"extended slicing\" with a third \"step\" " +"parameter: ``a[i:j:k]`` selects all items of *a* with index *x* where ``x = " +"i + n*k``, *n* ``>=`` ``0`` and *i* ``<=`` *x* ``<`` *j*." +msgstr "" +"有些序列还支持带有第三个 \"step\" 形参的 \"扩展切片\": ``a[i:j:k]`` 选择 *a* 中索引号为 *x* 的所有条目，``x " +"= i + n*k``, *n* ``>=`` ``0`` 且 *i* ``<=`` *x* ``<`` *j*。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:322 +msgid "Sequences are distinguished according to their mutability:" +msgstr "序列可根据其可变性来加以区分:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:326 +msgid "Immutable sequences" +msgstr "不可变序列" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:332 +msgid "" +"An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is created. " +"(If the object contains references to other objects, these other objects may" +" be mutable and may be changed; however, the collection of objects directly " +"referenced by an immutable object cannot change.)" +msgstr "" +"不可变序列类型的对象一旦创建就不能再改变。(如果对象包含对其他对象的引用，其中的可变对象就是可以改变的；但是，一个不可变对象所直接引用的对象集是不能改变的。)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:337 +msgid "The following types are immutable sequences:" +msgstr "以下类型属于不可变对象:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:342 +msgid "Strings" +msgstr "字符串" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:350 +msgid "" +"A string is a sequence of values that represent Unicode code points. All the" +" code points in the range ``U+0000 - U+10FFFF`` can be represented in a " +"string. Python doesn't have a :c:expr:`char` type; instead, every code " +"point in the string is represented as a string object with length ``1``. " +"The built-in function :func:`ord` converts a code point from its string form" +" to an integer in the range ``0 - 10FFFF``; :func:`chr` converts an integer " +"in the range ``0 - 10FFFF`` to the corresponding length ``1`` string object." +" :meth:`str.encode` can be used to convert a :class:`str` to :class:`bytes` " +"using the given text encoding, and :meth:`bytes.decode` can be used to " +"achieve the opposite." +msgstr "" +"字符串是由代表 Unicode 码位的值组成的序列。 取值范围在 ``U+0000 - U+10FFFF`` 之内的所有码位都可在字符串中使用。 " +"Python 没有 :c:expr:`char` 类型；而是将字符串中的每个码位表示为一个长度为 ``1`` 的字符串对象。 内置函数 " +":func:`ord` 可将一个码位由字符串形式转换为取值范围在 ``0 - 10FFFF`` 之内的整数；:func:`chr` 可将一个取值范围在 " +"``0 - 10FFFF`` 之内的整数转换为长度为 ``1`` 的对应字符串对象。 :meth:`str.encode` 可以使用给定的文本编码格式将" +" :class:`str` 转换为 :class:`bytes`，而 :meth:`bytes.decode` 则可以被用来实现相反的解码操作。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:362 +msgid "Tuples" +msgstr "元组" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:368 +msgid "" +"The items of a tuple are arbitrary Python objects. Tuples of two or more " +"items are formed by comma-separated lists of expressions. A tuple of one " +"item (a 'singleton') can be formed by affixing a comma to an expression (an " +"expression by itself does not create a tuple, since parentheses must be " +"usable for grouping of expressions). An empty tuple can be formed by an " +"empty pair of parentheses." +msgstr "" +"一个元组中的条目可以是任意 Python 对象。包含两个或以上条目的元组由逗号分隔的表达式构成。只有一个条目的元组 ('单项元组') " +"可通过在表达式后加一个逗号来构成 (一个表达式本身不能创建为元组，因为圆括号要用来设置表达式分组)。一个空元组可通过一对内容为空的圆括号创建。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:375 +msgid "Bytes" +msgstr "字节串" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:378 +msgid "" +"A bytes object is an immutable array. The items are 8-bit bytes, " +"represented by integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. Bytes literals (like " +"``b'abc'``) and the built-in :func:`bytes` constructor can be used to create" +" bytes objects. Also, bytes objects can be decoded to strings via the " +":meth:`~bytes.decode` method." +msgstr "" +"字节串对象是不是变的数组。 其中的条目是 8 比特位的字节，以取值范围 0 <= x < 256 内的整数表示。 字节串字面值 (如 " +"``b'abc'``) 和内置的 :func:`bytes` 构造器可被用来创建字节串对象。 并且，字节串对象还可通过 " +":meth:`~bytes.decode` 方法被解码为字符串。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:386 +msgid "Mutable sequences" +msgstr "可变序列" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:395 +msgid "" +"Mutable sequences can be changed after they are created. The subscription " +"and slicing notations can be used as the target of assignment and " +":keyword:`del` (delete) statements." +msgstr "可变序列在被创建后仍可被改变。下标和切片标注可被用作赋值和 :keyword:`del` (删除) 语句的目标。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:403 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`collections` and :mod:`array` module provide additional examples " +"of mutable sequence types." +msgstr ":mod:`collections` 和 :mod:`array` 模块提供了可变序列类型的更多例子。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:406 +msgid "There are currently two intrinsic mutable sequence types:" +msgstr "目前有两种内生可变序列类型:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:408 +msgid "Lists" +msgstr "列表" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:411 +msgid "" +"The items of a list are arbitrary Python objects. Lists are formed by " +"placing a comma-separated list of expressions in square brackets. (Note that" +" there are no special cases needed to form lists of length 0 or 1.)" +msgstr "" +"列表中的条目可以是任意 Python 对象。列表由用方括号括起并由逗号分隔的多个表达式构成。(注意创建长度为 0 或 1 的列表无需使用特殊规则。)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:415 +msgid "Byte Arrays" +msgstr "字节数组" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:418 +msgid "" +"A bytearray object is a mutable array. They are created by the built-in " +":func:`bytearray` constructor. Aside from being mutable (and hence " +"unhashable), byte arrays otherwise provide the same interface and " +"functionality as immutable :class:`bytes` objects." +msgstr "" +"字节数组对象属于可变数组。可以通过内置的 :func:`bytearray` 构造器来创建。除了是可变的 " +"(因而也是不可哈希的)，在其他方面字节数组提供的接口和功能都与不可变的 :class:`bytes` 对象一致。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:425 +msgid "Set types" +msgstr "集合类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:431 +msgid "" +"These represent unordered, finite sets of unique, immutable objects. As " +"such, they cannot be indexed by any subscript. However, they can be iterated" +" over, and the built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items in " +"a set. Common uses for sets are fast membership testing, removing duplicates" +" from a sequence, and computing mathematical operations such as " +"intersection, union, difference, and symmetric difference." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示由不重复且不可变对象组成的无序且有限的集合。因此它们不能通过下标来索引。但是它们可被迭代，也可用内置函数 :func:`len` " +"返回集合中的条目数。集合常见的用处是快速成员检测，去除序列中的重复项，以及进行交、并、差和对称差等数学运算。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:438 +msgid "" +"For set elements, the same immutability rules apply as for dictionary keys. " +"Note that numeric types obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two" +" numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``), only one of them can be " +"contained in a set." +msgstr "" +"对于集合元素所采用的不可变规则与字典的键相同。注意数字类型遵循正常的数字比较规则: 如果两个数字相等 (例如 ``1`` 和 " +"``1.0``)，则同一集合中只能包含其中一个。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:443 +msgid "There are currently two intrinsic set types:" +msgstr "目前有两种内生集合类型:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:446 +msgid "Sets" +msgstr "集合" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:449 +msgid "" +"These represent a mutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:`set` " +"constructor and can be modified afterwards by several methods, such as " +":meth:`~set.add`." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示可变集合。它们可通过内置的 :func:`set` 构造器创建，并且创建之后可以通过方法进行修改，例如 :meth:`~set.add`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:454 +msgid "Frozen sets" +msgstr "冻结集合" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:457 +msgid "" +"These represent an immutable set. They are created by the built-in " +":func:`frozenset` constructor. As a frozenset is immutable and " +":term:`hashable`, it can be used again as an element of another set, or as a" +" dictionary key." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示不可变集合。它们可通过内置的 :func:`frozenset` 构造器创建。由于 frozenset 对象不可变且 " +":term:`hashable`，它可以被用作另一个集合的元素或是字典的键。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:464 +msgid "Mappings" +msgstr "映射" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:471 +msgid "" +"These represent finite sets of objects indexed by arbitrary index sets. The " +"subscript notation ``a[k]`` selects the item indexed by ``k`` from the " +"mapping ``a``; this can be used in expressions and as the target of " +"assignments or :keyword:`del` statements. The built-in function :func:`len` " +"returns the number of items in a mapping." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示由任意索引集合所索引的对象的集合。通过下标 ``a[k]`` 可在映射 ``a`` 中选择索引为 ``k`` " +"的条目；这可以在表达式中使用，也可作为赋值或 :keyword:`del` 语句的目标。内置函数 :func:`len` 可返回一个映射中的条目数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:477 +msgid "There is currently a single intrinsic mapping type:" +msgstr "目前只有一种内生映射类型:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:481 +msgid "Dictionaries" +msgstr "字典" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:485 +msgid "" +"These represent finite sets of objects indexed by nearly arbitrary values. " +"The only types of values not acceptable as keys are values containing lists " +"or dictionaries or other mutable types that are compared by value rather " +"than by object identity, the reason being that the efficient implementation " +"of dictionaries requires a key's hash value to remain constant. Numeric " +"types used for keys obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two " +"numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``) then they can be used " +"interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry." +msgstr "" +"此类对象表示由几乎任意值作为索引的有限个对象的集合。不可作为键的值类型只有包含列表或字典或其他可变类型，通过值而非对象编号进行比较的值，其原因在于高效的字典实现需要使用键的哈希值以保持一致性。用作键的数字类型遵循正常的数字比较规则:" +" 如果两个数字相等 (例如 ``1`` 和 ``1.0``) 则它们均可来用来索引同一个字典条目。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:494 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries preserve insertion order, meaning that keys will be produced in" +" the same order they were added sequentially over the dictionary. Replacing " +"an existing key does not change the order, however removing a key and re-" +"inserting it will add it to the end instead of keeping its old place." +msgstr "" +"字典会保留插入顺序，这意味着键将以它们被添加的顺序在字典中依次产生。 " +"替换某个现有的键不会改变其顺序，但是移除某个键再重新插入则会将其添加到末尾而不会保留其原有位置。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:499 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the ``{}`` notation (see " +"section :ref:`dict`)." +msgstr "字典是可变对象；它们可通过 ``{}`` 标注方式来创建（参见 :ref:`dict` 一节）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:506 +msgid "" +"The extension modules :mod:`dbm.ndbm` and :mod:`dbm.gnu` provide additional " +"examples of mapping types, as does the :mod:`collections` module." +msgstr "" +"扩展模块 :mod:`dbm.ndbm` 和 :mod:`dbm.gnu` 提供了额外的映射类型示例，:mod:`collections` " +"模块也是如此。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries did not preserve insertion order in versions of Python before " +"3.6. In CPython 3.6, insertion order was preserved, but it was considered an" +" implementation detail at that time rather than a language guarantee." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.6 版之前字典不会保留插入顺序。 在 CPython 3.6 " +"中插入顺序会被保留，但这在当时被当作是一个实现细节而非确定的语言特性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:517 +msgid "Callable types" +msgstr "可调用类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:525 +msgid "" +"These are the types to which the function call operation (see section " +":ref:`calls`) can be applied:" +msgstr "此类型可以被应用于函数调用操作 (参见 :ref:`calls` 小节):" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:532 +msgid "User-defined functions" +msgstr "用户定义函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:539 +msgid "" +"A user-defined function object is created by a function definition (see " +"section :ref:`function`). It should be called with an argument list " +"containing the same number of items as the function's formal parameter list." +msgstr "" +"用户定义函数对象可通过函数定义来创建 (参见 :ref:`function` " +"小节)。它被调用时应附带一个参数列表，其中包含的条目应与函数所定义的形参列表一致。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:545 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1395 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1596 +msgid "Special read-only attributes" +msgstr "特殊的只读属性" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:555 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:590 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1170 +msgid "Attribute" +msgstr "属性" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:556 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:591 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1171 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:559 +msgid "" +"A reference to the :class:`dictionary ` that holds the function's " +":ref:`global variables ` -- the global namespace of the module in " +"which the function was defined." +msgstr "" +"对存放该函数中 :ref:`全局变量 ` 的 :class:`字典 ` 的引用 —— 函数定义所在模块的全局命名空间。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:564 +msgid "" +"``None`` or a :class:`tuple` of cells that contain bindings for the names " +"specified in the :attr:`~codeobject.co_freevars` attribute of the function's" +" :attr:`code object `." +msgstr "" +"``None`` 或单元的 :class:`tuple`，其中包含了名称在函数的 :attr:`代码对象 ` 的 " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_freevars` 中对指定名称的绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:568 +msgid "" +"A cell object has the attribute ``cell_contents``. This can be used to get " +"the value of the cell, as well as set the value." +msgstr "单元对象具有 ``cell_contents`` 属性。这可被用来获取以及设置单元的值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:572 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1638 +msgid "Special writable attributes" +msgstr "特殊的可写属性" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:585 +msgid "Most of these attributes check the type of the assigned value:" +msgstr "这些属性大多会检查赋值的类型：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:594 +msgid "The function's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable." +msgstr "函数的文档字符串，或者如果不可用则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:597 +msgid "" +"The function's name. See also: :attr:`__name__ attributes " +"`." +msgstr "函数的名称。 另请参阅: :attr:`__name__ 属性 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:601 +msgid "" +"The function's :term:`qualified name`. See also: :attr:`__qualname__ " +"attributes `." +msgstr "" +"函数的 :term:`qualified name`。 另请参阅: :attr:`__qualname__ 属性 " +"`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:607 +msgid "" +"The name of the module the function was defined in, or ``None`` if " +"unavailable." +msgstr "该函数所属模块的名称，没有则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:611 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing default :term:`parameter` values for those " +"parameters that have defaults, or ``None`` if no parameters have a default " +"value." +msgstr "" +"由具有默认值的形参的默认 :term:`parameter` 值组成的 :class:`tuple`，或者如果无任何形参具有默认值则为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:616 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`code object ` representing the compiled function " +"body." +msgstr "代表已编译的函数体的 :ref:`代码对象 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:620 +msgid "" +"The namespace supporting arbitrary function attributes. See also: " +":attr:`__dict__ attributes `." +msgstr "命名空间支持任意函数属性。 另请参阅: :attr:`__dict__ 属性 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:624 +msgid "" +"A :class:`dictionary ` containing annotations of :term:`parameters " +"`. The keys of the dictionary are the parameter names, and " +"``'return'`` for the return annotation, if provided. See also: " +":ref:`annotations-howto`." +msgstr "" +"包含 :term:`形参 ` 标注的 :class:`字典 `。 该字典的键是形参名称，如存在返回标注则将包含 " +"``'return'`` 键。 另请参阅: :ref:`annotations-howto`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:631 +msgid "" +"A :class:`dictionary ` containing defaults for keyword-only " +":term:`parameters `." +msgstr "包含仅限关键字 :term:`形参 ` 默认值的 :class:`字典 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:635 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the :ref:`type parameters ` of a " +":ref:`generic function `." +msgstr "" +"包含 :ref:`泛型函数 ` :ref:`类型形参 ` 的 " +":class:`tuple`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:640 +msgid "" +"Function objects also support getting and setting arbitrary attributes, " +"which can be used, for example, to attach metadata to functions. Regular " +"attribute dot-notation is used to get and set such attributes." +msgstr "函数对象也支持获取和设置任意属性，举例来说，这可被用于将元数据关联到函数。 通常使用带点号的属性标注来获取和设置这样的属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:646 +msgid "" +"CPython's current implementation only supports function attributes on user-" +"defined functions. Function attributes on :ref:`built-in functions ` may be supported in the future." +msgstr "" +"CPython 目前的实现仅支持用户自定义函数上的函数属性。 未来可能会支持 :ref:`内置函数 ` " +"上的函数属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:651 +msgid "" +"Additional information about a function's definition can be retrieved from " +"its :ref:`code object ` (accessible via the " +":attr:`~function.__code__` attribute)." +msgstr "" +"有关函数定义的额外信息可以从其 :ref:`代码对象 ` 中提取（可通过 " +":attr:`~function.__code__` 属性来访问）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:659 +msgid "Instance methods" +msgstr "实例方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:666 +msgid "" +"An instance method object combines a class, a class instance and any " +"callable object (normally a user-defined function)." +msgstr "实例方法用于结合类、类实例和任何可调用对象 (通常为用户定义函数)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:676 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1734 +msgid "Special read-only attributes:" +msgstr "特殊的只读属性：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:681 +msgid "" +"Refers to the class instance object to which the method is :ref:`bound " +"`" +msgstr "指向方法所 :ref:`绑定 ` 的类实例对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:685 +msgid "Refers to the original :ref:`function object `" +msgstr "指向原本的 :ref:`函数对象 `" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:688 +msgid "" +"The method's documentation (same as :attr:`method.__func__.__doc__ " +"`). A :class:`string ` if the original function had a" +" docstring, else ``None``." +msgstr "" +"方法的文档 (等同于 :attr:`method.__func__.__doc__ `)。 " +"如果原始函数具有文档字符串则为一个 :class:`字符串 `，否则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:694 +msgid "" +"The name of the method (same as :attr:`method.__func__.__name__ " +"`)" +msgstr "方法名称（与 :attr:`method.__func__.__name__ ` 相同）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:698 +msgid "" +"The name of the module the method was defined in, or ``None`` if " +"unavailable." +msgstr "方法定义所在模块的名称，如不可用则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:701 +msgid "" +"Methods also support accessing (but not setting) the arbitrary function " +"attributes on the underlying :ref:`function object `." +msgstr "方法还支持读取（但不能设置）下层 :ref:`函数对象 ` 的任意函数属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:704 +msgid "" +"User-defined method objects may be created when getting an attribute of a " +"class (perhaps via an instance of that class), if that attribute is a user-" +"defined :ref:`function object ` or a " +":class:`classmethod` object." +msgstr "" +"用户自定义方法对象可在获取一个类的属性（可能是通过该类的实例）时被创建，如果该属性是一个用户自定义 :ref:`函数对象 ` 或 :class:`classmethod` 对象的话。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:711 +msgid "" +"When an instance method object is created by retrieving a user-defined " +":ref:`function object ` from a class via one of its " +"instances, its :attr:`~method.__self__` attribute is the instance, and the " +"method object is said to be *bound*. The new method's " +":attr:`~method.__func__` attribute is the original function object." +msgstr "" +"当通过从类的实例获取一个用户自定义 :ref:`函数对象 ` 的方式创建一个实例方法对象时，该方法对象的 " +":attr:`~method.__self__` 属性即为该实例，而该方法对象将被称作已 *绑定*。 该新建方法的 " +":attr:`~method.__func__` 属性将是原来的函数对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:717 +msgid "" +"When an instance method object is created by retrieving a " +":class:`classmethod` object from a class or instance, its " +":attr:`~method.__self__` attribute is the class itself, and its " +":attr:`~method.__func__` attribute is the function object underlying the " +"class method." +msgstr "" +"当通过从类或实例获取一个 :class:`classmethod` 对象的方式创建一个实例方法对象时，该对象的 " +":attr:`~method.__self__` 属性即为该类本身，而其 :attr:`~method.__func__` " +"属性将是类方法对应的下层函数对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:722 +msgid "" +"When an instance method object is called, the underlying function " +"(:attr:`~method.__func__`) is called, inserting the class instance " +"(:attr:`~method.__self__`) in front of the argument list. For instance, " +"when :class:`!C` is a class which contains a definition for a function " +":meth:`!f`, and ``x`` is an instance of :class:`!C`, calling ``x.f(1)`` is " +"equivalent to calling ``C.f(x, 1)``." +msgstr "" +"当一个实例方法被调用时，会调用对应的下层函数 (:attr:`~method.__func__`)，并将类实例 " +"(:attr:`~method.__self__`) 插入参数列表的开头。 例如，当 :class:`!C` 是一个包含 :meth:`!f` " +"函数定义的类，而 ``x`` 是 :class:`!C` 的一个实例，则调用 ``x.f(1)`` 就等价于调用 ``C.f(x, 1)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:729 +msgid "" +"When an instance method object is derived from a :class:`classmethod` " +"object, the \"class instance\" stored in :attr:`~method.__self__` will " +"actually be the class itself, so that calling either ``x.f(1)`` or " +"``C.f(1)`` is equivalent to calling ``f(C,1)`` where ``f`` is the underlying" +" function." +msgstr "" +"当一个实例方法对象是派生自一个 :class:`classmethod` 对象时，保存在 :attr:`~method.__self__` " +"中的“类实例”实际上会是该类本身，因此无论是调用 ``x.f(1)`` 还是 ``C.f(1)`` 都等同于调用 ``f(C,1)``，其中 ``f``" +" 为对应的下层函数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:734 +msgid "" +"It is important to note that user-defined functions which are attributes of " +"a class instance are not converted to bound methods; this *only* happens " +"when the function is an attribute of the class." +msgstr "需要重点关注的是作为类实例的属性的用户自定义函数不会被转换为绑定方法；这 *只会* 在函数是类的属性时才会发生。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:741 +msgid "Generator functions" +msgstr "生成器函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:747 +msgid "" +"A function or method which uses the :keyword:`yield` statement (see section " +":ref:`yield`) is called a :dfn:`generator function`. Such a function, when " +"called, always returns an :term:`iterator` object which can be used to " +"execute the body of the function: calling the iterator's " +":meth:`iterator.__next__` method will cause the function to execute until it" +" provides a value using the :keyword:`!yield` statement. When the function " +"executes a :keyword:`return` statement or falls off the end, a " +":exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised and the iterator will have reached " +"the end of the set of values to be returned." +msgstr "" +"一个使用 :keyword:`yield` 语句（见 :ref:`yield` 章节）的函数或方法被称为 :dfn:`生成器函数`。 " +"这样的函数在被调用时，总是返回一个可以执行该函数体的 :term:`iterator` 对象：调用该迭代器的 " +":meth:`iterator.__next__` 方法将导致这个函数一直运行到它使用 :keyword:`!yield` 语句提供一个值。 " +"当这个函数执行 :keyword:`return` 语句或到达函数体末尾时，将引发 :exc:`StopIteration` " +"异常并且该迭代器将到达所返回的值集合的末尾。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:759 +msgid "Coroutine functions" +msgstr "协程函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:764 +msgid "" +"A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` is called a" +" :dfn:`coroutine function`. Such a function, when called, returns a " +":term:`coroutine` object. It may contain :keyword:`await` expressions, as " +"well as :keyword:`async with` and :keyword:`async for` statements. See also " +"the :ref:`coroutine-objects` section." +msgstr "" +"使用 :keyword:`async def` 来定义的函数或方法就被称为 :dfn:`协程函数`。这样的函数在被调用时会返回一个 " +":term:`coroutine` 对象。它可能包含 :keyword:`await` 表达式以及 :keyword:`async with` 和 " +":keyword:`async for` 语句。详情可参见 :ref:`coroutine-objects` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:772 +msgid "Asynchronous generator functions" +msgstr "异步生成器函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:778 +msgid "" +"A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` and which " +"uses the :keyword:`yield` statement is called a :dfn:`asynchronous generator" +" function`. Such a function, when called, returns an :term:`asynchronous " +"iterator` object which can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement to " +"execute the body of the function." +msgstr "" +"使用 :keyword:`async def` 来定义并使用了 :keyword:`yield` 语句的函数或方法被称为 :dfn:`异步生成器函数`。" +" 这样的函数在被调用时，将返回一个 :term:`asynchronous iterator` 对象，该对象可在 :keyword:`async " +"for` 语句中被用来执行函数体。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Calling the asynchronous iterator's :meth:`aiterator.__anext__ " +"` method will return an :term:`awaitable` which when " +"awaited will execute until it provides a value using the :keyword:`yield` " +"expression. When the function executes an empty :keyword:`return` statement" +" or falls off the end, a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception is raised and " +"the asynchronous iterator will have reached the end of the set of values to " +"be yielded." +msgstr "" +"调用异步迭代器的 :meth:`aiterator.__anext__ ` 方法将返回一个 " +":term:`awaitable`，此对象会在被等待时执行直到使用 :keyword:`yield` 产生一个值。 当函数执行到空的 " +":keyword:`return` 语句或函数末尾时，将会引发 :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` " +"异常并且异步迭代器也将到达要产生的值集合的末尾。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:797 +msgid "Built-in functions" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:804 +msgid "" +"A built-in function object is a wrapper around a C function. Examples of " +"built-in functions are :func:`len` and :func:`math.sin` (:mod:`math` is a " +"standard built-in module). The number and type of the arguments are " +"determined by the C function. Special read-only attributes:" +msgstr "" +"内置函数是针对特定 C 函数的包装器。 内置函数的例子包括 :func:`len` 和 :func:`math.sin` 等 (:mod:`math` " +"是一个标准内置模块)。 参数的数量和类型是由 C 函数确定的。 特殊的只读属性：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:809 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__doc__` is the function's documentation string, or ``None`` if " +"unavailable. See :attr:`function.__doc__`." +msgstr "" +":attr:`!__doc__` 是函数的文档字符串，或者如果不可用则为 ``None``。 参见 :attr:`function.__doc__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:811 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__name__` is the function's name. See :attr:`function.__name__`." +msgstr ":attr:`!__name__` 是函数的名称。 参见 :attr:`function.__name__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:812 +msgid ":attr:`!__self__` is set to ``None`` (but see the next item)." +msgstr ":attr:`!__self__` 被设为 ``None`` (但请参见下一项)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:813 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__module__` is the name of the module the function was defined in or" +" ``None`` if unavailable. See :attr:`function.__module__`." +msgstr "" +":attr:`!__module__` 是函数定义所在模块的名称，或者如果不可用则为 ``None``。 参见 " +":attr:`function.__module__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:821 +msgid "Built-in methods" +msgstr "内置方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:828 +msgid "" +"This is really a different disguise of a built-in function, this time " +"containing an object passed to the C function as an implicit extra argument." +" An example of a built-in method is ``alist.append()``, assuming *alist* is" +" a list object. In this case, the special read-only attribute " +":attr:`!__self__` is set to the object denoted by *alist*. (The attribute " +"has the same semantics as it does with :attr:`other instance methods " +"`.)" +msgstr "" +"此类型实际上是内置函数的另一种形式，只不过还包含了一个转入 C 函数的对象作为隐式的额外参数。 内置方法的一个例子是 " +"``alist.append()``，其中 *alist* 是一个列表对象。 在此示例中，特殊的只读属性 :attr:`!__self__` 会被设为 " +"*alist* 所标记的对象。 （该属性的语义与 :attr:`其他实例方法 ` 的相同。）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:838 +msgid "Classes" +msgstr "类" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:840 +msgid "" +"Classes are callable. These objects normally act as factories for new " +"instances of themselves, but variations are possible for class types that " +"override :meth:`~object.__new__`. The arguments of the call are passed to " +":meth:`!__new__` and, in the typical case, to :meth:`~object.__init__` to " +"initialize the new instance." +msgstr "" +"类是可调用对象。 这些对象通常是用作创建自身实例的“工厂”，但类也可以有重载 :meth:`~object.__new__` 的变体类型。 " +"调用的参数会传递给 :meth:`!__new__`，并且在通常情况下，也会传递给 :meth:`~object.__init__` 来初始化新的实例。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:848 +msgid "Class Instances" +msgstr "类实例" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:850 +msgid "" +"Instances of arbitrary classes can be made callable by defining a " +":meth:`~object.__call__` method in their class." +msgstr "任意类的实例可以通过在其所属类中定义 :meth:`~object.__call__` 方法变成可调用对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:857 +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "模块" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:863 +msgid "" +"Modules are a basic organizational unit of Python code, and are created by " +"the :ref:`import system ` as invoked either by the " +":keyword:`import` statement, or by calling functions such as " +":func:`importlib.import_module` and built-in :func:`__import__`. A module " +"object has a namespace implemented by a :class:`dictionary ` object " +"(this is the dictionary referenced by the :attr:`~function.__globals__` " +"attribute of functions defined in the module). Attribute references are " +"translated to lookups in this dictionary, e.g., ``m.x`` is equivalent to " +"``m.__dict__[\"x\"]``. A module object does not contain the code object used" +" to initialize the module (since it isn't needed once the initialization is " +"done)." +msgstr "" +"模块是 Python 代码的基本组织单元，由 :ref:`导入系统 ` 创建，它或是通过 :keyword:`import`" +" 语句，或是通过调用 :func:`importlib.import_module` 和内置的 :func:`__import__` 等函数来唤起。 " +"模块对象具有通过 :class:`字典 ` 对象实现的命名空间（就是被定义在模块中的函数的 " +":attr:`~function.__globals__` 属性所引用的字典）。 属性引用将被转换为在该字典中的查找操作，例如 ``m.x`` 就等价于" +" ``m.__dict__[\"x\"]``。 模块对象不包含用于初始化模块的代码对象（因为初始化完成后已不再需要它）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:876 +msgid "" +"Attribute assignment updates the module's namespace dictionary, e.g., ``m.x " +"= 1`` is equivalent to ``m.__dict__[\"x\"] = 1``." +msgstr "属性赋值会更新模块的命名空间字典，例如 ``m.x = 1`` 等同于 ``m.__dict__[\"x\"] = 1``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:894 +msgid "Import-related attributes on module objects" +msgstr "模块对象上与导入相关的属性" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:896 +msgid "" +"Module objects have the following attributes that relate to the :ref:`import" +" system `. When a module is created using the machinery " +"associated with the import system, these attributes are filled in based on " +"the module's :term:`spec `, before the :term:`loader` executes " +"and loads the module." +msgstr "" +"模块对象具有下列与 :ref:`导入系统 ` 相关的属性。 当使用关联到导入系统的机制创建模块时，这些属性将在 " +":term:`loader` 执行和加载模块之前基于模块的 :term:`规格 ` 来填充。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:902 +msgid "" +"To create a module dynamically rather than using the import system, it's " +"recommended to use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`, which will set " +"the various import-controlled attributes to appropriate values. It's also " +"possible to use the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor to create modules " +"directly, but this technique is more error-prone, as most attributes must be" +" manually set on the module object after it has been created when using this" +" approach." +msgstr "" +"要动态创建模块而非使用导入系统创建，建议使用 " +":func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`，它会将各种由导入控制的属性设置为适当的值。也可以使用 " +":class:`types.ModuleType` " +"构造器直接创建模块，但这种方法更容易出错，因为在使用这种方法时，必须在创建模块对象后手动设置其大部分属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:912 +msgid "" +"With the exception of :attr:`~module.__name__`, it is **strongly** " +"recommended that you rely on :attr:`~module.__spec__` and its attributes " +"instead of any of the other individual attributes listed in this subsection." +" Note that updating an attribute on :attr:`!__spec__` will not update the " +"corresponding attribute on the module itself:" +msgstr "" +"对 :attr:`~module.__name__` 以外的用例，**强烈** 建议使用 :attr:`~module.__spec__` " +"及其属性，而非此处列出的其他单独属性。请注意更新 :attr:`!__spec__` 上的属性时不会连带更新模块本身的同名属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:918 +msgid "" +">>> import typing\n" +">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" +"('typing', 'typing')\n" +">>> typing.__spec__.name = 'spelling'\n" +">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" +"('typing', 'spelling')\n" +">>> typing.__name__ = 'keyboard_smashing'\n" +">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" +"('keyboard_smashing', 'spelling')" +msgstr "" +">>> import typing\n" +">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" +"('typing', 'typing')\n" +">>> typing.__spec__.name = 'spelling'\n" +">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" +"('typing', 'spelling')\n" +">>> typing.__name__ = 'keyboard_smashing'\n" +">>> typing.__name__, typing.__spec__.name\n" +"('keyboard_smashing', 'spelling')" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:932 +msgid "" +"The name used to uniquely identify the module in the import system. For a " +"directly executed module, this will be set to ``\"__main__\"``." +msgstr "用于在导入系统中唯一地标识模块的名称。 对于直接执行的模块，这将被设为 ``\"__main__\"``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:935 +msgid "" +"This attribute must be set to the fully qualified name of the module. It is " +"expected to match the value of :attr:`module.__spec__.name " +"`." +msgstr "" +"该属性必须被设为模块的完整限定名称。 它应当与 :attr:`module.__spec__.name " +"` 的值相匹配。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:941 +msgid "A record of the module's import-system-related state." +msgstr "模块与导入系统相关联的状态的记录。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:943 +msgid "" +"Set to the :class:`module spec ` that was " +"used when importing the module. See :ref:`module-specs` for more details." +msgstr "" +"设置为导入模块时使用的 :class:`模块规格 `。 请参阅 " +":ref:`module-specs` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:950 +msgid "The :term:`package` a module belongs to." +msgstr "模块所属的 :term:`package`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:952 +msgid "" +"If the module is top-level (that is, not a part of any specific package) " +"then the attribute should be set to ``''`` (the empty string). Otherwise, it" +" should be set to the name of the module's package (which can be equal to " +":attr:`module.__name__` if the module itself is a package). See :pep:`366` " +"for further details." +msgstr "" +"如果一个模块是顶层模块（不是任何包的一部分），该属性应被设置为空字符串 ``''``。否则，它应被设置为模块所属包的名字（如果模块本身是一个包，它可以是" +" :attr:`module.__name__` 的值）。详见 :pep:`366`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:958 +msgid "" +"This attribute is used instead of :attr:`~module.__name__` to calculate " +"explicit relative imports for main modules. It defaults to ``None`` for " +"modules created dynamically using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor;" +" use :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` instead to ensure the attribute" +" is set to a :class:`str`." +msgstr "" +"在为主模块计算显式相对导入时，这个属性而非 :attr:`~module.__name__` 被使用。在使用 " +":class:`types.ModuleType` 构造器动态创建模块时会被默认设为 ``None``。要确保这个属性是 " +":class:`str`，请使用 :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:964 +msgid "" +"It is **strongly** recommended that you use :attr:`module.__spec__.parent " +"` instead of " +":attr:`!module.__package__`. :attr:`__package__` is now only used as a " +"fallback if :attr:`!__spec__.parent` is not set, and this fallback path is " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" +"**强烈** 建议使用 :attr:`module.__spec__.parent " +"` 而非 :attr:`!module.__package__`。 " +":attr:`__package__` 现在仅作 :attr:`!__spec__.parent` 未被设置时的回退路径，且这条回退路径已被弃用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:970 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1011 +msgid "" +"This attribute now defaults to ``None`` for modules created dynamically " +"using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor. Previously the attribute " +"was optional." +msgstr "" +"对于使用 :class:`types.ModuleType` 构造器动态创建的模块，该属性现在默认为 ``None``。先前该属性是可选的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:975 +msgid "" +"The value of :attr:`!__package__` is expected to be the same as " +":attr:`__spec__.parent `. " +":attr:`__package__` is now only used as a fallback during import resolution " +"if :attr:`!__spec__.parent` is not defined." +msgstr "" +":attr:`!__package__` 的值应与 :attr:`__spec__.parent " +"` 相同。:attr:`__package__` 现在仅作导入解析期间 " +":attr:`!__spec__.parent` 未被定义时的回退值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:981 +msgid "" +":exc:`ImportWarning` is raised if an import resolution falls back to " +":attr:`!__package__` instead of :attr:`__spec__.parent " +"`." +msgstr "" +"如果导入解析回退到 :attr:`!__package__` 而非 :attr:`__spec__.parent " +"`，会引发 :exc:`ImportWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:986 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning` instead of :exc:`ImportWarning` when falling" +" back to :attr:`!__package__` during import resolution." +msgstr "" +"在导入解析期间回退到 :attr:`!__package__` 时会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 而非 " +":exc:`ImportWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:990 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__package__` will cease to be set or taken into consideration by the" +" import system or standard library." +msgstr ":attr:`!__package__` 将不再被设置或者被导入系统或标准库纳入考量。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:996 +msgid "" +"The :term:`loader` object that the import machinery used to load the module." +msgstr "导入系统用来加载模块的 :term:`loader` 对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:998 +msgid "" +"This attribute is mostly useful for introspection, but can be used for " +"additional loader-specific functionality, for example getting data " +"associated with a loader." +msgstr "该属性主要适用于内省，但也可用于额外的加载器专属功能，例如获取与加载器相关联的数据。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1002 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__loader__` defaults to ``None`` for modules created dynamically " +"using the :class:`types.ModuleType` constructor; use " +":func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` instead to ensure the attribute is " +"set to a :term:`loader` object." +msgstr "" +"对于使用 :class:`types.ModuleType` 构造器动态创建的模块 :attr:`!__loader__` 默认为 " +"``None``；请改用 :func:`importlib.util.module_from_spec` 来确保将该属性设为 " +":term:`loader` 对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"It is **strongly** recommended that you use :attr:`module.__spec__.loader " +"` instead of " +":attr:`!module.__loader__`." +msgstr "" +"**强烈** 建议你使用 :attr:`module.__spec__.loader " +"` 来代替 :attr:`!module.__loader__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`!__loader__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`!__spec__.loader` is deprecated. In Python 3.16, :attr:`!__loader__` " +"will cease to be set or taken into consideration by the import system or the" +" standard library." +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`!__spec__.loader` 失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`!__loader__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python" +" 3.16 中，:attr:`!__loader__` 将不会再被设置或被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"A (possibly empty) :term:`sequence` of strings enumerating the locations " +"where the package's submodules will be found. Non-package modules should not" +" have a :attr:`!__path__` attribute. See :ref:`package-path-rules` for more " +"details." +msgstr "" +"一个（可能为空的）枚举用于查找包的子模块的位置的由字符串组成的 :term:`sequence`。 非包模块应当没有 :attr:`!__path__`" +" 属性。 详情参见 :ref:`package-path-rules`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"It is **strongly** recommended that you use " +":attr:`module.__spec__.submodule_search_locations " +"` instead of " +":attr:`!module.__path__`." +msgstr "" +"**强烈** 建议你使用 :attr:`module.__spec__.submodule_search_locations " +"` 来代替 " +":attr:`!module.__path__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1036 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__file__` and :attr:`!__cached__` are both optional attributes that " +"may or may not be set. Both attributes should be a :class:`str` when they " +"are available." +msgstr "" +":attr:`!__file__` 和 :attr:`!__cached__` 都是可设也可不设的可选属性。 两个属性在可用时都应当为 " +":class:`str`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1040 +msgid "" +":attr:`!__file__` indicates the pathname of the file from which the module " +"was loaded (if loaded from a file), or the pathname of the shared library " +"file for extension modules loaded dynamically from a shared library. It " +"might be missing for certain types of modules, such as C modules that are " +"statically linked into the interpreter, and the :ref:`import system " +"` may opt to leave it unset if it has no semantic meaning (for" +" example, a module loaded from a database)." +msgstr "" +":attr:`!__file__` 指明要载入的模块所在文件的路径名（如果是从文件载入），或者对于从共享库动态载入的扩展模块来说则是共享库文件的路径名。" +" 它对于特定类型的模块来说可能是缺失的，例如静态链接到解释器中的 C 模块，并且 :ref:`导入系统 ` " +"也可能会在它没有语法意义时选择不设置它（例如，当一个模块是从数据库导入时）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"If :attr:`!__file__` is set then the :attr:`!__cached__` attribute might " +"also be set, which is the path to any compiled version of the code (for " +"example, a byte-compiled file). The file does not need to exist to set this " +"attribute; the path can simply point to where the compiled file *would* " +"exist (see :pep:`3147`)." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 :attr:`!__file__` 则 :attr:`!__cached__` " +"属性也可能会被设置，它是指向任何代码的已编译版本的路径（例如，一个字节码文件）。 设置此属性并不需要存在相应的路径；该路径可以简单地指向已编译文件 " +"*将要* 存在的位置 (参见 :pep:`3147`)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1054 +msgid "" +"Note that :attr:`!__cached__` may be set even if :attr:`!__file__` is not " +"set. However, that scenario is quite atypical. Ultimately, the " +":term:`loader` is what makes use of the module spec provided by the " +":term:`finder` (from which :attr:`!__file__` and :attr:`!__cached__` are " +"derived). So if a loader can load from a cached module but otherwise does " +"not load from a file, that atypical scenario may be appropriate." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :attr:`!__cached__` 即使在未设置 :attr:`!__file__` 时也可能会被设置。 不过，那样的场景是非典型的。 " +"最终，:term:`loader` 会是 :term:`finder` (from which :attr:`!__file__` 和 " +":attr:`!__cached__` 也是自它派生的) 所提供的模块规格的使用方。 " +"因此如果一个加载器可以从缓存加载模块但是不能从文件加载，那样的非典型场景就是适当的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1061 +msgid "" +"It is **strongly** recommended that you use :attr:`module.__spec__.cached " +"` instead of " +":attr:`!module.__cached__`." +msgstr "" +"**强烈** 建议你使用 :attr:`module.__spec__.cached " +"` 来代替 :attr:`!module.__cached__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`!__cached__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`!__spec__.cached` is deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__cached__` " +"will cease to be set or taken into consideration by the import system or " +"standard library." +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`!__spec__.cached` 失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`!__cached__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python" +" 3.15 中，:attr:`!__cached__` 将不会再被设置或被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1072 +msgid "Other writable attributes on module objects" +msgstr "模块对象上的其他可写属性" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"As well as the import-related attributes listed above, module objects also " +"have the following writable attributes:" +msgstr "除了上面列出的导入相关属性，模块对象还具有下列可写属性：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"The module's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable. See also: " +":attr:`__doc__ attributes `." +msgstr "" +"模块的文档字符串，或者如果不可用则为 ``None``。 另请参阅: :attr:`__doc__ 属性 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"A dictionary containing :term:`variable annotations ` " +"collected during module body execution. For best practices on working with " +":attr:`__annotations__`, please see :ref:`annotations-howto`." +msgstr "" +"包含在模块体执行期间收集的 :term:`变量标注 ` 的字典。 有关使用 " +":attr:`__annotations__` 的最佳实践，请参阅 :ref:`annotations-howto`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1090 +msgid "Module dictionaries" +msgstr "模块字典" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1092 +msgid "Module objects also have the following special read-only attribute:" +msgstr "" +"模块对象还具有以下特殊的只读属性：Module objects also have the following special read-only " +"attribute:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"The module's namespace as a dictionary object. Uniquely among the attributes" +" listed here, :attr:`!__dict__` cannot be accessed as a global variable from" +" within a module; it can only be accessed as an attribute on module objects." +msgstr "" +"以字典对象表示的模块命名空间。 在此处列出的属性中它很特别，:attr:`!__dict__` " +"不能从模块内部作为全局变量来访问；它只能作为模块对象上的属性来访问。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1103 +msgid "" +"Because of the way CPython clears module dictionaries, the module dictionary" +" will be cleared when the module falls out of scope even if the dictionary " +"still has live references. To avoid this, copy the dictionary or keep the " +"module around while using its dictionary directly." +msgstr "" +"由于 CPython " +"清理模块字典的设定，当模块离开作用域时模块字典将会被清理，即使该字典还有活动的引用。想避免此问题，可复制该字典或保持模块状态以直接使用其字典。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1112 +msgid "Custom classes" +msgstr "自定义类" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1114 +msgid "" +"Custom class types are typically created by class definitions (see section " +":ref:`class`). A class has a namespace implemented by a dictionary object. " +"Class attribute references are translated to lookups in this dictionary, " +"e.g., ``C.x`` is translated to ``C.__dict__[\"x\"]`` (although there are a " +"number of hooks which allow for other means of locating attributes). When " +"the attribute name is not found there, the attribute search continues in the" +" base classes. This search of the base classes uses the C3 method resolution" +" order which behaves correctly even in the presence of 'diamond' inheritance" +" structures where there are multiple inheritance paths leading back to a " +"common ancestor. Additional details on the C3 MRO used by Python can be " +"found at :ref:`python_2.3_mro`." +msgstr "" +"自定义类这种类型一般是通过类定义来创建 (参见 :ref:`class` 一节)。 每个类都有一个通过字典对象实现的命名空间。 " +"类属性引用会被转化为在此字典中查找，例如，``C.x`` 会被转化为 ``C.__dict__[\"x\"]`` " +"(不过也存在一些钩子对象允许其他定位属性的方式)。 当未在其中找到某个属性名称时，会继续在基类中查找。这种基类搜索使用 C3 方法解析顺序，即使存在 " +"'钻石形' 继承结构既有多条继承路径连到一个共同祖先也能保持正确的行为。 有关 Python 使用的 C3 MRO 的详情可在 " +":ref:`python_2.3_mro` 查看。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1135 +msgid "" +"When a class attribute reference (for class :class:`!C`, say) would yield a " +"class method object, it is transformed into an instance method object whose " +":attr:`~method.__self__` attribute is :class:`!C`. When it would yield a " +":class:`staticmethod` object, it is transformed into the object wrapped by " +"the static method object. See section :ref:`descriptors` for another way in " +"which attributes retrieved from a class may differ from those actually " +"contained in its :attr:`~object.__dict__`." +msgstr "" +"当一个类属性引用 (假设类名为 :class:`!C`) 会产生一个类方法对象时，它将转化为一个 :attr:`~method.__self__` " +"属性为 :class:`!C` 的实例方法对象。 当它会产生一个 :class:`staticmethod` " +"对象时，它将转换为该静态方法对象所包装的对象。 有关有类的 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 实际包含内容以外获取属性的其他方式请参阅 " +":ref:`descriptors` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1146 +msgid "" +"Class attribute assignments update the class's dictionary, never the " +"dictionary of a base class." +msgstr "类属性赋值会更新类的字典，但不会更新基类的字典。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"A class object can be called (see above) to yield a class instance (see " +"below)." +msgstr "类对象可被调用 (见上文) 以产生一个类实例 (见下文)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1154 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1301 +msgid "Special attributes" +msgstr "特殊属性" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1174 +msgid "" +"The class's name. See also: :attr:`__name__ attributes " +"`." +msgstr "类的名称。 另请参阅: :attr:`__name__ 属性 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"The class's :term:`qualified name`. See also: :attr:`__qualname__ attributes" +" `." +msgstr "" +"类的 :term:`qualified name`。 另请参阅: :attr:`__qualname__ 属性 " +"`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1182 +msgid "The name of the module in which the class was defined." +msgstr "类定义所在模块的名称。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"A :class:`mapping proxy ` providing a read-only view" +" of the class's namespace. See also: :attr:`__dict__ attributes " +"`." +msgstr "" +"一个提供类的命名空间的只读视图的 :class:`映射代理 `。 另请参阅: " +":attr:`__dict__ 属性 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the class's bases. In most cases, for a class " +"defined as ``class X(A, B, C)``, ``X.__bases__`` will be exactly equal to " +"``(A, B, C)``." +msgstr "" +"一个包含类的基类的 :class:`tuple`，对于定义为 ``class X(A, B, C)`` 的类，``X.__bases__`` 将等于 " +"``(A, B, C)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1195 +msgid "" +"The class's documentation string, or ``None`` if undefined. Not inherited by" +" subclasses." +msgstr "" +"类的文档字符串，如果未定义则为 ``None``。 不会被子类继承。 if undefined. Not inherited by " +"subclasses." + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"A dictionary containing :term:`variable annotations ` " +"collected during class body execution. For best practices on working with " +":attr:`!__annotations__`, please see :ref:`annotations-howto`." +msgstr "" +"包含在类体执行期间收集的 :term:`变量标 ` 的字典。 有关使用 " +":attr:`!__annotations__` 的最佳实践，请参阅 :ref:`annotations-howto`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1206 +msgid "" +"Accessing the :attr:`!__annotations__` attribute of a class object directly " +"may yield incorrect results in the presence of metaclasses. In addition, the" +" attribute may not exist for some classes. Use " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations` to retrieve class annotations safely." +msgstr "" +"当存在元类时直接访问类对象的 :attr:`!__annotations__` 属性可能产生不正确的结果。 此外，对于某些类该属性可能不存在。 请使用 " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations` 来安全地提取类标注。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the :ref:`type parameters ` of a " +":ref:`generic class `." +msgstr "" +"一个包含 :ref:`泛型类 ` 的 :ref:`类型形参 ` 的 " +":class:`tuple`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing names of attributes of this class which are " +"assigned through ``self.X`` from any function in its body." +msgstr "一个包含由通过 ``self.X`` 赋值为该类语句体中任何函数的类属性名称组成的 :class:`tuple`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"The line number of the first line of the class definition, including " +"decorators. Setting the :attr:`__module__` attribute removes the " +":attr:`!__firstlineno__` item from the type's dictionary." +msgstr "" +"类定义的第一行的行号。 设置 :attr:`__module__` 属性将从类型的字典中移除 :attr:`!__firstlineno__` 条目。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"The :class:`tuple` of classes that are considered when looking for base " +"classes during method resolution." +msgstr "由在方法解析期间当查找基类时将被纳入考虑的类组成的 :class:`tuple`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1238 +msgid "Special methods" +msgstr "特殊方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"In addition to the special attributes described above, all Python classes " +"also have the following two methods available:" +msgstr "除了上面介绍的特殊属性，所有的 Python 类还具有以下两个方法：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1245 +msgid "" +"This method can be overridden by a metaclass to customize the method " +"resolution order for its instances. It is called at class instantiation, " +"and its result is stored in :attr:`~type.__mro__`." +msgstr "" +"此方法可由一个元类来重写以便为其实例定制方法解析顺序。 它会在类实例化时被调用，其结果将存储在 :attr:`~type.__mro__` 中。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"Each class keeps a list of weak references to its immediate subclasses. This" +" method returns a list of all those references still alive. The list is in " +"definition order. Example:" +msgstr "" +"每个类都会保存一个由指向其直接子类的弱引用组成的列表。 此方法将返回一个由所有仍然存在的这种引用组成的列表。 列表项将按定义顺序排列。 例如：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1255 +msgid "" +">>> class A: pass\n" +">>> class B(A): pass\n" +">>> A.__subclasses__()\n" +"[]" +msgstr "" +">>> class A: pass\n" +">>> class B(A): pass\n" +">>> A.__subclasses__()\n" +"[]" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1263 +msgid "Class instances" +msgstr "类实例" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"A class instance is created by calling a class object (see above). A class " +"instance has a namespace implemented as a dictionary which is the first " +"place in which attribute references are searched. When an attribute is not " +"found there, and the instance's class has an attribute by that name, the " +"search continues with the class attributes. If a class attribute is found " +"that is a user-defined function object, it is transformed into an instance " +"method object whose :attr:`~method.__self__` attribute is the instance. " +"Static method and class method objects are also transformed; see above under" +" \"Classes\". See section :ref:`descriptors` for another way in which " +"attributes of a class retrieved via its instances may differ from the " +"objects actually stored in the class's :attr:`~object.__dict__`. If no " +"class attribute is found, and the object's class has a " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` method, that is called to satisfy the lookup." +msgstr "" +"类实例可通过调用类对象来创建（见上文）。 每个类实例都有通过一个字典对象实现的独立命名空间，属性引用会首先在此字典中进行查找。 " +"当未在其中发现某个属性，而实例对应的类中有该属性时，会继续在类属性中查找。 如果找到的类属性是一个用户自定义函数对象，它会被转化为实例方法对象，其 " +":attr:`~method.__self__` 属性即该实例。 静态方法和类方法对象也会被转化；参见上文的“类”小节。 " +"要了解其他通过类实例来获取相应类属性的方式请参阅 :ref:`descriptors` 小节，这样得到的属性可能与实际存放在类的 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 中的对象不同。 如果未找到类属性，而对象所属的类具有 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 方法，则会调用该方法来满足查找要求。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"Attribute assignments and deletions update the instance's dictionary, never " +"a class's dictionary. If the class has a :meth:`~object.__setattr__` or " +":meth:`~object.__delattr__` method, this is called instead of updating the " +"instance dictionary directly." +msgstr "" +"属性赋值和删除会更新实例的字典，但绝不会更新类的字典。 如果类具有 :meth:`~object.__setattr__` 或 " +":meth:`~object.__delattr__` 方法，则将调用该方法而不再直接更新实例的字典。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1297 +msgid "" +"Class instances can pretend to be numbers, sequences, or mappings if they " +"have methods with certain special names. See section :ref:`specialnames`." +msgstr "如果类实例具有某些特殊名称的方法，就可以伪装为数字、序列或映射。参见 :ref:`specialnames` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1309 +msgid "The class to which a class instance belongs." +msgstr "类实例所属的类。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1313 +msgid "" +"A dictionary or other mapping object used to store an object's (writable) " +"attributes. Not all instances have a :attr:`!__dict__` attribute; see the " +"section on :ref:`slots` for more details." +msgstr "" +"一个用于存储对象的（可写）属性的字典或其他映射对象。 并非所有实例都具有 :attr:`!__dict__` 属性；请参阅 :ref:`slots` " +"章节了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1319 +msgid "I/O objects (also known as file objects)" +msgstr "I/O 对象 (或称文件对象)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"A :term:`file object` represents an open file. Various shortcuts are " +"available to create file objects: the :func:`open` built-in function, and " +"also :func:`os.popen`, :func:`os.fdopen`, and the " +":meth:`~socket.socket.makefile` method of socket objects (and perhaps by " +"other functions or methods provided by extension modules)." +msgstr "" +":term:`file object` 表示一个打开的文件。有多种快捷方式可用来创建文件对象: :func:`open` 内置函数，以及 " +":func:`os.popen`, :func:`os.fdopen` 和 socket 对象的 " +":meth:`~socket.socket.makefile` 方法 (还可能使用某些扩展模块所提供的其他函数或方法)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"The objects ``sys.stdin``, ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` are initialized" +" to file objects corresponding to the interpreter's standard input, output " +"and error streams; they are all open in text mode and therefore follow the " +"interface defined by the :class:`io.TextIOBase` abstract class." +msgstr "" +"``sys.stdin``, ``sys.stdout`` 和 ``sys.stderr`` " +"会初始化为对应于解释器标准输入、输出和错误流的文件对象；它们都会以文本模式打开，因此都遵循 :class:`io.TextIOBase` " +"抽象类所定义的接口。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1348 +msgid "Internal types" +msgstr "内部类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1354 +msgid "" +"A few types used internally by the interpreter are exposed to the user. " +"Their definitions may change with future versions of the interpreter, but " +"they are mentioned here for completeness." +msgstr "某些由解释器内部使用的类型也被暴露给用户。它们的定义可能随未来解释器版本的更新而变化，为内容完整起见在此处一并介绍。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1362 +msgid "Code objects" +msgstr "代码对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"Code objects represent *byte-compiled* executable Python code, or " +":term:`bytecode`. The difference between a code object and a function object" +" is that the function object contains an explicit reference to the " +"function's globals (the module in which it was defined), while a code object" +" contains no context; also the default argument values are stored in the " +"function object, not in the code object (because they represent values " +"calculated at run-time). Unlike function objects, code objects are " +"immutable and contain no references (directly or indirectly) to mutable " +"objects." +msgstr "" +"代码对象表示 *编译为字节的* 可执行 Python 代码，或称 " +":term:`bytecode`。代码对象和函数对象的区别在于函数对象包含对函数全局对象 (函数所属的模块) " +"的显式引用，而代码对象不包含上下文；而且默认参数值会存放于函数对象而不是代码对象内 " +"(因为它们表示在运行时算出的值)。与函数对象不同，代码对象不可变，也不包含对可变对象的引用 (不论是直接还是间接)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1400 +msgid "The function name" +msgstr "函数名" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1403 +msgid "The fully qualified function name" +msgstr "完整限定函数名" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1408 +msgid "" +"The total number of positional :term:`parameters ` (including " +"positional-only parameters and parameters with default values) that the " +"function has" +msgstr "函数的位置 :term:`形参 ` 的总数（包括仅限位置形参和具有默认值的形参）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1413 +msgid "" +"The number of positional-only :term:`parameters ` (including " +"arguments with default values) that the function has" +msgstr "函数的仅限位置 :term:`形参 ` 的总数（包括具有默认值的参数）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"The number of keyword-only :term:`parameters ` (including " +"arguments with default values) that the function has" +msgstr "函数的仅限关键字 :term:`形参 ` 的数量（包括具有默认值的参数）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1421 +msgid "" +"The number of :ref:`local variables ` used by the function " +"(including parameters)" +msgstr "函数使用的 :ref:`局部变量 ` 的数量（包括形参）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1425 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the names of the local variables in the function" +" (starting with the parameter names)" +msgstr "一个 :class:`tuple`，其中包含函数中局部变量的名称（从形参名称开始）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the names of :ref:`local variables ` " +"that are referenced from at least one :term:`nested scope` inside the " +"function" +msgstr "" +"包含被函数内至少一个 :term:`nested scope` 所引用的 :ref:`局部变量 ` 的名称的 " +":class:`tuple`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1433 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the names of :term:`free (closure) variables " +"` that a :term:`nested scope` references in an outer " +"scope. See also :attr:`function.__closure__`." +msgstr "" +"一个 :class:`tuple`，其中包含某个 :term:`nested scope` 引用在外部作用域中引用的 containing the " +"names of :term:`自由（闭包）变量 ` 的名称。 另请参阅 " +":attr:`function.__closure__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1437 +msgid "Note: references to global and builtin names are *not* included." +msgstr "注意：对全局和内置名称的引用 *不会* 被包括在内。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1440 +msgid "" +"A string representing the sequence of :term:`bytecode` instructions in the " +"function" +msgstr "一个表示函数中的 :term:`bytecode` 指令序列的字符串" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1444 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the literals used by the :term:`bytecode` in the" +" function" +msgstr "一个包含函数中的 :term:`bytecode` 所使用的字面值的 :class:`tuple`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"A :class:`tuple` containing the names used by the :term:`bytecode` in the " +"function" +msgstr "一个包含函数中的 :term:`bytecode` 所使用的名称的 :class:`tuple`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1452 +msgid "The name of the file from which the code was compiled" +msgstr "被编译代码所在文件的名称" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1455 +msgid "The line number of the first line of the function" +msgstr "函数第一行所对应的行号" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"A string encoding the mapping from :term:`bytecode` offsets to line numbers." +" For details, see the source code of the interpreter." +msgstr "一个编码了从 :term:`bytecode` 偏移量到行号的映射的字符串。 要获取更多细节，请查看解释器的源代码。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1461 +msgid "" +"This attribute of code objects is deprecated, and may be removed in Python " +"3.15." +msgstr "代码对象的这个属性已被弃用，并可能在 Python 3.15 中移除。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1466 +msgid "The required stack size of the code object" +msgstr "需要的代码对象栈大小" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"An :class:`integer ` encoding a number of flags for the interpreter." +msgstr "用于对一系列解释器旗标进行编码的 :class:`整数 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1474 +msgid "" +"The following flag bits are defined for :attr:`~codeobject.co_flags`: bit " +"``0x04`` is set if the function uses the ``*arguments`` syntax to accept an " +"arbitrary number of positional arguments; bit ``0x08`` is set if the " +"function uses the ``**keywords`` syntax to accept arbitrary keyword " +"arguments; bit ``0x20`` is set if the function is a generator. See " +":ref:`inspect-module-co-flags` for details on the semantics of each flags " +"that might be present." +msgstr "" +"以下是针对 :attr:`~codeobject.co_flags` 定义的旗标位：如果函数使用 ``*arguments`` " +"语法来接受任意数量的位置参数则设置 ``0x04`` 位；如果函数使用 ``**keywords`` 语法来接受任意数量的关键字参数则设置 " +"``0x08`` 位；如果函数是一个生成器则设置 ``0x20`` 位。 请参阅 :ref:`inspect-module-co-flags` " +"可能出现的每个旗标的语义详情。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1482 +msgid "" +"Future feature declarations (``from __future__ import division``) also use " +"bits in :attr:`~codeobject.co_flags` to indicate whether a code object was " +"compiled with a particular feature enabled: bit ``0x2000`` is set if the " +"function was compiled with future division enabled; bits ``0x10`` and " +"``0x1000`` were used in earlier versions of Python." +msgstr "" +"未来特性声明 (``from __future__ import division``) 也使用 " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_flags` 中的位来提示代码对象的编译是否启用了特定的特性：如果函数编译时启用了未来除法特性则将设置 " +"``0x2000`` 位；在更早的 Python 版本中则会使用 ``0x10`` 和 ``0x1000`` 位。." + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1488 +msgid "" +"Other bits in :attr:`~codeobject.co_flags` are reserved for internal use." +msgstr ":attr:`~codeobject.co_flags` 中的其他位被保留供内部使用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1492 +msgid "" +"If a code object represents a function, the first item in " +":attr:`~codeobject.co_consts` is the documentation string of the function, " +"or ``None`` if undefined." +msgstr "" +"如果代码对象表示一个函数，则 :attr:`~codeobject.co_consts` 中的第一项将是函数的文档字符串，或者如果未定义则为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1497 +msgid "Methods on code objects" +msgstr "代码对象的方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1501 +msgid "" +"Returns an iterable over the source code positions of each :term:`bytecode` " +"instruction in the code object." +msgstr "返回一个包含代码对象中每条 :term:`bytecode` 指令的源代码位置的可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"The iterator returns :class:`tuple`\\s containing the ``(start_line, " +"end_line, start_column, end_column)``. The *i-th* tuple corresponds to the " +"position of the source code that compiled to the *i-th* code unit. Column " +"information is 0-indexed utf-8 byte offsets on the given source line." +msgstr "" +"此迭代器返回包含 ``(start_line, end_line, start_column, end_column)`` 的 " +":class:`tuple`。 其中第 *i* 个元组冲锋衣官方编译为第 *i* 个代码单元的源代码的位置。 列信息是给定源代码行从 0 开始索引的 " +"utf-8 字节偏移量。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"This positional information can be missing. A non-exhaustive lists of cases " +"where this may happen:" +msgstr "此位置信息可能会丢失。 可能发生这种情况下非详尽列表如下:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1513 +msgid "Running the interpreter with :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges``." +msgstr "附带 :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges`` 运行解释器。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"Loading a pyc file compiled while using :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges``." +msgstr "在使用 :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges`` 时加载一个已编译的 pyc 文件。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1515 +msgid "Position tuples corresponding to artificial instructions." +msgstr "与人工指令相对应的位置元组。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"Line and column numbers that can't be represented due to implementation " +"specific limitations." +msgstr "由于具体实现专属的限制而无法表示的行号和列号。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1519 +msgid "" +"When this occurs, some or all of the tuple elements can be :const:`None`." +msgstr "当发生此情况时，元组的部分或全部元素可以为 :const:`None`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1525 +msgid "" +"This feature requires storing column positions in code objects which may " +"result in a small increase of disk usage of compiled Python files or " +"interpreter memory usage. To avoid storing the extra information and/or " +"deactivate printing the extra traceback information, the :option:`-X` " +"``no_debug_ranges`` command line flag or the :envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` " +"environment variable can be used." +msgstr "" +"此特性需要在代码对象中存储列位置，这可能会导致编译的 which may result in a small increase of disk " +"usage of compiled Python 文件占用的磁盘空间或解释器占用的内存略有增加。 " +"要避免存储额外信息和/或取消打印额外的回溯信息，可以使用 :option:`-X` ``no_debug_ranges`` 命令行旗标或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"Returns an iterator that yields information about successive ranges of " +":term:`bytecode`\\s. Each item yielded is a ``(start, end, lineno)`` " +":class:`tuple`:" +msgstr "" +"返回一个产生有关 :term:`bytecode` 的连续范围的信息的迭代器。 其产生的每一项都是一个 ``(start, end, lineno)``" +" :class:`tuple`:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1538 +msgid "" +"``start`` (an :class:`int`) represents the offset (inclusive) of the start " +"of the :term:`bytecode` range" +msgstr "" +"``start`` (一个 :class:`int`) 代表相对于 :term:`bytecode` 范围开始位置的偏移量 (不包括该位置)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"``end`` (an :class:`int`) represents the offset (exclusive) of the end of " +"the :term:`bytecode` range" +msgstr "``end`` (:class:`int` 值) 代表相对于 :term:`bytecode` 范围末尾位置的偏移量（不包括该位置）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"``lineno`` is an :class:`int` representing the line number of the " +":term:`bytecode` range, or ``None`` if the bytecodes in the given range have" +" no line number" +msgstr "" +"``lineno`` 是一个代表 :term:`bytecode` 范围内的行号的 :class:`int`，或者如果给定范围内的字节码没有行号则为 " +"``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1546 +msgid "The items yielded will have the following properties:" +msgstr "产生的条目将具有下列特征属性：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1548 +msgid "The first range yielded will have a ``start`` of 0." +msgstr "产出的第一个范围将以 0 作为 ``start``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1549 +msgid "" +"The ``(start, end)`` ranges will be non-decreasing and consecutive. That is," +" for any pair of :class:`tuple`\\s, the ``start`` of the second will be " +"equal to the ``end`` of the first." +msgstr "" +"``(start, end)`` 范围将是非递减和连续的。 也就是说，对于任何一对 :class:`tuple`，第二个的 ``start`` " +"将等于第一个的 ``end``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1552 +msgid "No range will be backwards: ``end >= start`` for all triples." +msgstr "任何范围都不会是反向的：对于所有三元组均有 ``end >= start``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"The last :class:`tuple` yielded will have ``end`` equal to the size of the " +":term:`bytecode`." +msgstr "产生的最后一个 :class:`tuple` 的 ``end`` 将等于 :term:`bytecode` 的大小。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1556 +msgid "" +"Zero-width ranges, where ``start == end``, are allowed. Zero-width ranges " +"are used for lines that are present in the source code, but have been " +"eliminated by the :term:`bytecode` compiler." +msgstr "" +"零宽度范围，即 ``start == end`` 也是允许的。 零宽度范围的使用场景是源代码中存在，但被 :term:`bytecode` " +"编译器所去除的那些行。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1564 +msgid ":pep:`626` - Precise line numbers for debugging and other tools." +msgstr ":pep:`626` - 在调试和其他工具中使用精确的行号。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1565 +msgid "The PEP that introduced the :meth:`!co_lines` method." +msgstr "引入 :meth:`!co_lines` 方法的 PEP。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"Return a copy of the code object with new values for the specified fields." +msgstr "返回代码对象的一个副本，使用指定的新字段值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1571 +msgid "" +"Code objects are also supported by the generic function " +":func:`copy.replace`." +msgstr "代码对象也被泛型函数 :func:`copy.replace` 所支持。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1579 +msgid "Frame objects" +msgstr "帧对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"Frame objects represent execution frames. They may occur in :ref:`traceback" +" objects `, and are also passed to registered trace " +"functions." +msgstr "帧对象表示执行帧。 它们可能出现在 :ref:`回溯对象 ` 中，还会被传递给已注册的跟踪函数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1601 +msgid "" +"Points to the previous stack frame (towards the caller), or ``None`` if this" +" is the bottom stack frame" +msgstr "指向前一个栈帧（对于调用方而言），或者如果这是最底部的栈帧则为 ``None``" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`code object ` being executed in this frame. " +"Accessing this attribute raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``object.__getattr__`` with arguments ``obj`` and ``\"f_code\"``." +msgstr "" +"该帧中正在执行的 :ref:`代码对象 `。 访问该属性将引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` " +"``object.__getattr__``，附带参数 ``obj`` 和 ``\"f_code\"``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1610 +msgid "" +"The mapping used by the frame to look up :ref:`local variables `. If" +" the frame refers to an :term:`optimized scope`, this may return a write-" +"through proxy object." +msgstr "" +"被该帧用来查找 :ref:`局部变量 ` 的映射。 如果该帧指向一个 :term:`optimized " +"scope`，这可能返回一个直通写入代理对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1615 +msgid "Return a proxy for optimized scopes." +msgstr "返回一个已优化作用域的代理。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1619 +msgid "" +"The dictionary used by the frame to look up :ref:`global variables `" +msgstr "被帧用于查找 :ref:`全局变量 ` 的字典" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1623 +msgid "" +"The dictionary used by the frame to look up :ref:`built-in (intrinsic) names" +" `" +msgstr "被帧用于查找 :ref:`内置（内建）名称 ` 的字典" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1627 +msgid "" +"The \"precise instruction\" of the frame object (this is an index into the " +":term:`bytecode` string of the :ref:`code object `)" +msgstr "帧对象的“准确指令”（这是 :ref:`代码对象 ` 的 :term:`bytecode` 字符串的索引）" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1643 +msgid "" +"If not ``None``, this is a function called for various events during code " +"execution (this is used by debuggers). Normally an event is triggered for " +"each new source line (see :attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines`)." +msgstr "" +"如果不为 ``None``，则是在代码执行期间调用各类事件的函数 (由调试器使用)。 通常每个新的源代码行会触发一个事件 (参见 " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines`)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1648 +msgid "" +"Set this attribute to :const:`False` to disable triggering a tracing event " +"for each source line." +msgstr "将该属性设为 :const:`False` 以禁用为每个源代码行触发跟踪事件。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1652 +msgid "" +"Set this attribute to :const:`True` to allow per-opcode events to be " +"requested. Note that this may lead to undefined interpreter behaviour if " +"exceptions raised by the trace function escape to the function being traced." +msgstr "" +"将该属性设为 :const:`True` 以允许请求每个操作码事件。 请注意如果跟踪函数引发的异常逃逸到被跟踪的函数中这可能会导致未定义的解释器行为。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1658 +msgid "" +"The current line number of the frame -- writing to this from within a trace " +"function jumps to the given line (only for the bottom-most frame). A " +"debugger can implement a Jump command (aka Set Next Statement) by writing to" +" this attribute." +msgstr "" +"该帧的当前行号 -- 在这里写入从一个跟踪函数内部跳转到的给定行（仅用于最底层的帧）。 调试器可以通过写入该属性实现一个 Jump " +"命令（即设置下一条语句）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1664 +msgid "Frame object methods" +msgstr "帧对象方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1666 +msgid "Frame objects support one method:" +msgstr "帧对象支持一个方法:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1670 +msgid "" +"This method clears all references to :ref:`local variables ` held by" +" the frame. Also, if the frame belonged to a :term:`generator`, the " +"generator is finalized. This helps break reference cycles involving frame " +"objects (for example when catching an :ref:`exception ` " +"and storing its :ref:`traceback ` for later use)." +msgstr "" +"此方法将清除该帧持有的全部对 :ref:`局部变量 ` 的引用。 并且，如果该帧归属于一个 " +":term:`generator`，此生成器将被终结。 这有助于打破涉及帧对象的循环引用（例如当捕获一个 :ref:`异常 ` 并保存其 :ref:`回溯 ` 供以后使用）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1676 +msgid "" +":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised if the frame is currently executing or " +"suspended." +msgstr "如果该帧当前正在执行或已挂起则会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1681 +msgid "" +"Attempting to clear a suspended frame raises :exc:`RuntimeError` (as has " +"always been the case for executing frames)." +msgstr "尝试清除已挂起的帧将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError` (执行帧的情况将总是如此)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1689 +msgid "Traceback objects" +msgstr "回溯对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1702 +msgid "" +"Traceback objects represent the stack trace of an :ref:`exception `. A traceback object is implicitly created when an exception occurs," +" and may also be explicitly created by calling :class:`types.TracebackType`." +msgstr "" +"回溯对象代表一个 :ref:`异常 ` 的栈跟踪信息。 当异常发生时会隐式地创建一个回溯对象，也可以通过调用 " +":class:`types.TracebackType` 显式地创建。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1707 +msgid "Traceback objects can now be explicitly instantiated from Python code." +msgstr "现在回溯对象可以通过 Python 代码显式地实例化。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1710 +msgid "" +"For implicitly created tracebacks, when the search for an exception handler " +"unwinds the execution stack, at each unwound level a traceback object is " +"inserted in front of the current traceback. When an exception handler is " +"entered, the stack trace is made available to the program. (See section " +":ref:`try`.) It is accessible as the third item of the tuple returned by " +":func:`sys.exc_info`, and as the :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` " +"attribute of the caught exception." +msgstr "" +"对于隐式地创建的回溯对象，当查找异常处理器使得执行栈展开时，会在每个展开层级的当前回溯之前插入一个回溯对象。 " +"当进入一个异常处理器时，程序将可以使用栈跟踪。 （参见 :ref:`try` 一节。） 它可作为 :func:`sys.exc_info` " +"所返回的元组的第三项，以及所捕获异常的 :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 属性被获取。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1719 +msgid "" +"When the program contains no suitable handler, the stack trace is written " +"(nicely formatted) to the standard error stream; if the interpreter is " +"interactive, it is also made available to the user as " +":data:`sys.last_traceback`." +msgstr "" +"当程序不包含适用的处理器时，栈跟踪会（以良好的格式）写入到标准错误流；如果解释器处于交互模式，它也将作为 " +":data:`sys.last_traceback` 供用户使用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1724 +msgid "" +"For explicitly created tracebacks, it is up to the creator of the traceback " +"to determine how the :attr:`~traceback.tb_next` attributes should be linked " +"to form a full stack trace." +msgstr "" +"对于显式地创建的回溯对象，则由回溯对象的创建者来决定应该如何连接 :attr:`~traceback.tb_next` 属性以构成完整的线跟踪。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"Points to the execution :ref:`frame ` of the current level." +msgstr "指向当前层级的执行 :ref:`帧对象 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1742 +msgid "" +"Accessing this attribute raises an :ref:`auditing event ` " +"``object.__getattr__`` with arguments ``obj`` and ``\"tb_frame\"``." +msgstr "" +"访问该属性将引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``object.__getattr__``，附带参数 ``obj`` 和 " +"``\"tb_frame\"``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1747 +msgid "Gives the line number where the exception occurred" +msgstr "给出异常发生所在的行号" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1750 +msgid "Indicates the \"precise instruction\"." +msgstr "表示“精确指令”。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1752 +msgid "" +"The line number and last instruction in the traceback may differ from the " +"line number of its :ref:`frame object ` if the exception " +"occurred in a :keyword:`try` statement with no matching except clause or " +"with a :keyword:`finally` clause." +msgstr "" +"回溯中的行号和最后一条指令可能与其 :ref:`帧对象 ` 的行号不同，如果异常发生在 :keyword:`try` " +"语句中且没有匹配的 except 子句或是有 :keyword:`finally` 子句的话。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1763 +msgid "" +"The special writable attribute :attr:`!tb_next` is the next level in the " +"stack trace (towards the frame where the exception occurred), or ``None`` if" +" there is no next level." +msgstr "特殊的可写属性 :attr:`!tb_next` 是栈跟踪中的下一层级（通往发生异常的帧），如果没有下一层级则为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1767 +msgid "This attribute is now writable" +msgstr "该属性现在是可写的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1772 +msgid "Slice objects" +msgstr "切片对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1776 +msgid "" +"Slice objects are used to represent slices for :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"methods. They are also created by the built-in :func:`slice` function." +msgstr "" +"切片对象被用来表示 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法所使用的切片。 该对象也可使用内置的 :func:`slice` " +"函数来创建。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1785 +msgid "" +"Special read-only attributes: :attr:`~slice.start` is the lower bound; " +":attr:`~slice.stop` is the upper bound; :attr:`~slice.step` is the step " +"value; each is ``None`` if omitted. These attributes can have any type." +msgstr "" +"特殊的只读属性: :attr:`~slice.start` 为下界; :attr:`~slice.stop` 为上界; " +":attr:`~slice.step` 为步长值; 各值如省略则为 ``None``。这些属性可具有任意类型。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1789 +msgid "Slice objects support one method:" +msgstr "切片对象支持一个方法:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1793 +msgid "" +"This method takes a single integer argument *length* and computes " +"information about the slice that the slice object would describe if applied " +"to a sequence of *length* items. It returns a tuple of three integers; " +"respectively these are the *start* and *stop* indices and the *step* or " +"stride length of the slice. Missing or out-of-bounds indices are handled in " +"a manner consistent with regular slices." +msgstr "" +"此方法接受一个整型参数 *length* 并计算在切片对象被应用到 *length* 指定长度的条目序列时切片的相关信息应如何描述。 " +"其返回值为三个整型数组成的元组；这些数分别为切片的 *start* 和 *stop* 索引号以及 *step* " +"步长值。索引号缺失或越界则按照与正规切片相一致的方式处理。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1802 +msgid "Static method objects" +msgstr "静态方法对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1804 +msgid "" +"Static method objects provide a way of defeating the transformation of " +"function objects to method objects described above. A static method object " +"is a wrapper around any other object, usually a user-defined method object. " +"When a static method object is retrieved from a class or a class instance, " +"the object actually returned is the wrapped object, which is not subject to " +"any further transformation. Static method objects are also callable. Static " +"method objects are created by the built-in :func:`staticmethod` constructor." +msgstr "" +"静态方法对象提供了一种胜过上文所述将函数对象转换为方法对象的方式。 静态方法对象是对任意其他对象的包装器，通常用来包装用户自定义的方法对象。 " +"当从类或类实例获取一个静态方法对象时，实际返回的是经过包装的对象，它不会被进一步转换。 静态方法对象也是可调用对象。 静态方法对象可通过内置的 " +":func:`staticmethod` 构造器来创建。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1814 +msgid "Class method objects" +msgstr "类方法对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1816 +msgid "" +"A class method object, like a static method object, is a wrapper around " +"another object that alters the way in which that object is retrieved from " +"classes and class instances. The behaviour of class method objects upon such" +" retrieval is described above, under :ref:`\"instance methods\" `. Class method objects are created by the built-in " +":func:`classmethod` constructor." +msgstr "" +"类方法对象与静态方法类似，是对其他对象的包装器，会改变从类或类实例获取该对象的方式。 类方法对象在这种获取操作中的行为已在上文中描述，见 " +":ref:`\"实例方法\" ` 一节。 类方法对象是通过内置 :func:`classmethod` " +"构造器创建的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1826 +msgid "Special method names" +msgstr "特殊方法名称" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1832 +msgid "" +"A class can implement certain operations that are invoked by special syntax " +"(such as arithmetic operations or subscripting and slicing) by defining " +"methods with special names. This is Python's approach to :dfn:`operator " +"overloading`, allowing classes to define their own behavior with respect to " +"language operators. For instance, if a class defines a method named " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`, and ``x`` is an instance of this class, then " +"``x[i]`` is roughly equivalent to ``type(x).__getitem__(x, i)``. Except " +"where mentioned, attempts to execute an operation raise an exception when no" +" appropriate method is defined (typically :exc:`AttributeError` or " +":exc:`TypeError`)." +msgstr "" +"一个类可以通过定义具有特殊名称的方法来实现由特殊语法来唤起的特定操作（例如算术运算或抽取与切片）。 这是 Python 实现 :dfn:`运算符重载` " +"的方式，允许每个类自行定义基于该语言运算符的特定行为。 举例来说，如果一个类定义了名为 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"的方法，并且 ``x`` 是该类的一个实例，则 ``x[i]`` 基本就等价于 ``type(x).__getitem__(x, i)``。 " +"除非有说明例外情况，在没有定义适当方法的时候尝试执行某种操作将引发一个异常 (通常为 :exc:`AttributeError` 或 " +":exc:`TypeError`)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1843 +msgid "" +"Setting a special method to ``None`` indicates that the corresponding " +"operation is not available. For example, if a class sets " +":meth:`~object.__iter__` to ``None``, the class is not iterable, so calling " +":func:`iter` on its instances will raise a :exc:`TypeError` (without falling" +" back to :meth:`~object.__getitem__`). [#]_" +msgstr "" +"将一个特殊方法设为 ``None`` 表示对应的操作不可用。 例如，如果一个类将 :meth:`~object.__iter__` 设为 " +"``None``，则该类就是不可迭代的，因此对其实例调用 :func:`iter` 将引发一个 :exc:`TypeError` (而不会回退至 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`)。 [#]_" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1849 +msgid "" +"When implementing a class that emulates any built-in type, it is important " +"that the emulation only be implemented to the degree that it makes sense for" +" the object being modelled. For example, some sequences may work well with " +"retrieval of individual elements, but extracting a slice may not make sense." +" (One example of this is the :class:`~xml.dom.NodeList` interface in the " +"W3C's Document Object Model.)" +msgstr "" +"在实现模拟任何内置类型的类时，很重要的一点是模拟的实现程度对于被模拟对象来说应当是有意义的。例如，提取单个元素的操作对于某些序列来说是适宜的，但提取切片可能就没有意义。(这种情况的一个实例是" +" W3C 的文档对象模型中的 :class:`~xml.dom.NodeList` 接口。)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1860 +msgid "Basic customization" +msgstr "基本定制" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1866 +msgid "" +"Called to create a new instance of class *cls*. :meth:`__new__` is a static" +" method (special-cased so you need not declare it as such) that takes the " +"class of which an instance was requested as its first argument. The " +"remaining arguments are those passed to the object constructor expression " +"(the call to the class). The return value of :meth:`__new__` should be the " +"new object instance (usually an instance of *cls*)." +msgstr "" +"调用以创建一个 *cls* 类的新实例。:meth:`__new__` 是一个静态方法 " +"(因为是特例所以你不需要显式地声明)，它会将所请求实例所属的类作为第一个参数。其余的参数会被传递给对象构造器表达式 " +"(对类的调用)。:meth:`__new__` 的返回值应为新对象实例 (通常是 *cls* 的实例)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1873 +msgid "" +"Typical implementations create a new instance of the class by invoking the " +"superclass's :meth:`__new__` method using ``super().__new__(cls[, ...])`` " +"with appropriate arguments and then modifying the newly created instance as " +"necessary before returning it." +msgstr "" +"典型的实现会附带适当的参数使用 ``super().__new__(cls[, ...])`` 通过唤起超类的 :meth:`__new__` " +"方法来创建一个新的类实例然后在返回它之前根据需要修改新创建的实例。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1878 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`__new__` is invoked during object construction and it returns an " +"instance of *cls*, then the new instance’s :meth:`__init__` method will be " +"invoked like ``__init__(self[, ...])``, where *self* is the new instance and" +" the remaining arguments are the same as were passed to the object " +"constructor." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`__new__` 在构造对象期间被唤起并且它返回了一个 *cls* 的实例，则新实例的 :meth:`__init__` 方法将以 " +"``__init__(self[, ...])`` 的形式被唤起，其中 *self* 为新实例而其余的参数与被传给对象构造器的参数相同。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1883 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`__new__` does not return an instance of *cls*, then the new " +"instance's :meth:`__init__` method will not be invoked." +msgstr "如果 :meth:`__new__` 未返回一个 *cls* 的实例，则新实例的 :meth:`__init__` 方法就不会被执行。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1886 +msgid "" +":meth:`__new__` is intended mainly to allow subclasses of immutable types " +"(like int, str, or tuple) to customize instance creation. It is also " +"commonly overridden in custom metaclasses in order to customize class " +"creation." +msgstr "" +":meth:`__new__` 的目的主要是允许不可变类型的子类 (例如 int, str 或 tuple) " +"定制实例创建过程。它也常会在自定义元类中被重载以便定制类创建过程。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1895 +msgid "" +"Called after the instance has been created (by :meth:`__new__`), but before " +"it is returned to the caller. The arguments are those passed to the class " +"constructor expression. If a base class has an :meth:`__init__` method, the" +" derived class's :meth:`__init__` method, if any, must explicitly call it to" +" ensure proper initialization of the base class part of the instance; for " +"example: ``super().__init__([args...])``." +msgstr "" +"在实例 (通过 :meth:`__new__`) 被创建之后，返回调用者之前调用。其参数与传递给类构造器表达式的参数相同。一个基类如果有 " +":meth:`__init__` 方法，则其所派生的类如果也有 :meth:`__init__` " +"方法，就必须显式地调用它以确保实例基类部分的正确初始化；例如: ``super().__init__([args...])``." + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1902 +msgid "" +"Because :meth:`__new__` and :meth:`__init__` work together in constructing " +"objects (:meth:`__new__` to create it, and :meth:`__init__` to customize " +"it), no non-``None`` value may be returned by :meth:`__init__`; doing so " +"will cause a :exc:`TypeError` to be raised at runtime." +msgstr "" +"因为对象是由 :meth:`__new__` 和 :meth:`__init__` 协作构造完成的 (由 :meth:`__new__` 创建，并由 " +":meth:`__init__` 定制)，所以 :meth:`__init__` 返回的值只能是 ``None``，否则会在运行时引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1915 +msgid "" +"Called when the instance is about to be destroyed. This is also called a " +"finalizer or (improperly) a destructor. If a base class has a " +":meth:`__del__` method, the derived class's :meth:`__del__` method, if any, " +"must explicitly call it to ensure proper deletion of the base class part of " +"the instance." +msgstr "" +"在实例将被销毁时调用。 这还被称为终结器或析构器（不适当）。 如果一个基类具有 :meth:`__del__` 方法，则其所派生的类如果也有 " +":meth:`__del__` 方法，就必须显式地调用它以确保实例基类部分的正确清除。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1921 +msgid "" +"It is possible (though not recommended!) for the :meth:`__del__` method to " +"postpone destruction of the instance by creating a new reference to it. " +"This is called object *resurrection*. It is implementation-dependent " +"whether :meth:`__del__` is called a second time when a resurrected object is" +" about to be destroyed; the current :term:`CPython` implementation only " +"calls it once." +msgstr "" +":meth:`__del__` 方法可以 (但不推荐!) 通过创建一个该实例的新引用来推迟其销毁。这被称为对象 *重生*。:meth:`__del__`" +" 是否会在重生的对象将被销毁时再次被调用是由具体实现决定的 ；当前的 :term:`CPython` 实现只会调用一次。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1928 +msgid "" +"It is not guaranteed that :meth:`__del__` methods are called for objects " +"that still exist when the interpreter exits. :class:`weakref.finalize` " +"provides a straightforward way to register a cleanup function to be called " +"when an object is garbage collected." +msgstr "" +"当解释器退出时并不保证会为仍然存在的对象调用 :meth:`__del__` 方法。 :class:`weakref.finalize` " +"提供了一种直观的方式来注册当对象被作为垃圾回收时要调用的清理函数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1935 +msgid "" +"``del x`` doesn't directly call ``x.__del__()`` --- the former decrements " +"the reference count for ``x`` by one, and the latter is only called when " +"``x``'s reference count reaches zero." +msgstr "" +"``del x`` 并不直接调用 ``x.__del__()`` --- 前者会将 ``x`` 的引用计数减一，而后者仅会在 ``x`` " +"的引用计数变为零时被调用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1940 +msgid "" +"It is possible for a reference cycle to prevent the reference count of an " +"object from going to zero. In this case, the cycle will be later detected " +"and deleted by the :term:`cyclic garbage collector `. A" +" common cause of reference cycles is when an exception has been caught in a " +"local variable. The frame's locals then reference the exception, which " +"references its own traceback, which references the locals of all frames " +"caught in the traceback." +msgstr "" +"一个引用循环可以阻止对象的引用计数归零。 在这种情况下，循环将稍后被检测到并被 :term:`循环垃圾回收器 `" +" 删除。 导致引用循环的一个常见原因是当一个异常在局部变量中被捕获。 " +"帧的局部变量将会引用该异常，这将引用它自己的回溯信息，它会又引用在回溯中捕获的所有帧的局部变量。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1950 +msgid "Documentation for the :mod:`gc` module." +msgstr ":mod:`gc` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"Due to the precarious circumstances under which :meth:`__del__` methods are " +"invoked, exceptions that occur during their execution are ignored, and a " +"warning is printed to ``sys.stderr`` instead. In particular:" +msgstr "" +"由于调用 :meth:`__del__` 方法时周边状况已不确定，在其执行期间发生的异常将被忽略，改为打印一个警告到 " +"``sys.stderr``。特别地：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1958 +msgid "" +":meth:`__del__` can be invoked when arbitrary code is being executed, " +"including from any arbitrary thread. If :meth:`__del__` needs to take a " +"lock or invoke any other blocking resource, it may deadlock as the resource " +"may already be taken by the code that gets interrupted to execute " +":meth:`__del__`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`__del__` 可在任意代码被执行时启用，包括来自任意线程的代码。如果 :meth:`__del__` " +"需要接受锁或启用其他阻塞资源，可能会发生死锁，例如该资源已被为执行 :meth:`__del__` 而中断的代码所获取。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1964 +msgid "" +":meth:`__del__` can be executed during interpreter shutdown. As a " +"consequence, the global variables it needs to access (including other " +"modules) may already have been deleted or set to ``None``. Python guarantees" +" that globals whose name begins with a single underscore are deleted from " +"their module before other globals are deleted; if no other references to " +"such globals exist, this may help in assuring that imported modules are " +"still available at the time when the :meth:`__del__` method is called." +msgstr "" +":meth:`__del__` 可以在解释器关闭阶段被执行。因此，它需要访问的全局变量（包含其他模块）可能已被删除或设为 ``None``。Python" +" 会保证先删除模块中名称以单个下划线打头的全局变量再删除其他全局变量；如果已不存在其他对此类全局变量的引用，这有助于确保导入的模块在 " +":meth:`__del__` 方法被调用时仍然可用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1979 +msgid "" +"Called by the :func:`repr` built-in function to compute the \"official\" " +"string representation of an object. If at all possible, this should look " +"like a valid Python expression that could be used to recreate an object with" +" the same value (given an appropriate environment). If this is not " +"possible, a string of the form ``<...some useful description...>`` should be" +" returned. The return value must be a string object. If a class defines " +":meth:`__repr__` but not :meth:`__str__`, then :meth:`__repr__` is also used" +" when an \"informal\" string representation of instances of that class is " +"required." +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`repr` 内置函数调用以输出一个对象的“官方”字符串表示。如果可能，这应类似一个有效的 Python " +"表达式，能被用来重建具有相同取值的对象（只要有适当的环境）。如果这不可能，则应返回形式如 ``<...some useful " +"description...>`` 的字符串。返回值必须是一个字符串对象。如果一个类定义了 :meth:`__repr__` 但未定义 " +":meth:`__str__`，则在需要该类的实例的“非正式”字符串表示时也会使用 :meth:`__repr__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1988 +msgid "" +"This is typically used for debugging, so it is important that the " +"representation is information-rich and unambiguous. A default implementation" +" is provided by the :class:`object` class itself." +msgstr "此方法通常被用于调试，因此确保其表示的内容包含丰富信息且无歧义是很重要的。 :class:`object` 类本身提供了一个默认实现。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2000 +msgid "" +"Called by :func:`str(object) `, the default :meth:`__format__` " +"implementation, and the built-in function :func:`print`, to compute the " +"\"informal\" or nicely printable string representation of an object. The " +"return value must be a :ref:`str ` object." +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`str(object) `, 默认的 :meth:`__format__` 实现以及内置函数 :func:`print` " +"调用，以生成一个对象的“非正式”或适合打印的字符串表示形式。 返回值必须为一个 :ref:`str ` 对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2005 +msgid "" +"This method differs from :meth:`object.__repr__` in that there is no " +"expectation that :meth:`__str__` return a valid Python expression: a more " +"convenient or concise representation can be used." +msgstr "" +"此方法与 :meth:`object.__repr__` 的不同点在于 :meth:`__str__` 并不预期返回一个有效的 Python " +"表达式：可以使用更方便或更准确的描述信息。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2009 +msgid "" +"The default implementation defined by the built-in type :class:`object` " +"calls :meth:`object.__repr__`." +msgstr "内置类型 :class:`object` 所定义的默认实现会调用 :meth:`object.__repr__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2019 +msgid "" +"Called by :ref:`bytes ` to compute a byte-string representation " +"of an object. This should return a :class:`bytes` object. The " +":class:`object` class itself does not provide this method." +msgstr "" +"由 :ref:`bytes ` 调用以生成一个对象的字节串表示形式。 这应当返回一个 :class:`bytes` 对象。 " +":class:`object` 类本身不提供此方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2031 +msgid "" +"Called by the :func:`format` built-in function, and by extension, evaluation" +" of :ref:`formatted string literals ` and the :meth:`str.format` " +"method, to produce a \"formatted\" string representation of an object. The " +"*format_spec* argument is a string that contains a description of the " +"formatting options desired. The interpretation of the *format_spec* argument" +" is up to the type implementing :meth:`__format__`, however most classes " +"will either delegate formatting to one of the built-in types, or use a " +"similar formatting option syntax." +msgstr "" +"通过 :func:`format` 内置函数、扩展、:ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` 的求值以及 " +":meth:`str.format` 方法调用以生成一个对象的“格式化”字符串表示。 *format_spec* 参数为包含所需格式选项描述的字符串。 " +"*format_spec* 参数的解读是由实现 :meth:`__format__` " +"的类型决定的，不过大多数类或是将格式化委托给某个内置类型，或是使用相似的格式化选项语法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2041 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`formatspec` for a description of the standard formatting syntax." +msgstr "请参看 :ref:`formatspec` 了解标准格式化语法的描述。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2043 +msgid "The return value must be a string object." +msgstr "返回值必须为一个字符串对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2045 +msgid "" +"The default implementation by the :class:`object` class should be given an " +"empty *format_spec* string. It delegates to :meth:`__str__`." +msgstr "" +"应当为由 :class:`object` 类提供的默认实现给出一个空的 *format_spec* 字符串。 它将委托给 " +":meth:`__str__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2048 +msgid "" +"The __format__ method of ``object`` itself raises a :exc:`TypeError` if " +"passed any non-empty string." +msgstr "``object`` 本身的 __format__ 方法如果被传入任何非空字符，将会引发一个 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2052 +msgid "" +"``object.__format__(x, '')`` is now equivalent to ``str(x)`` rather than " +"``format(str(x), '')``." +msgstr "" +"``object.__format__(x, '')`` 现在等同于 ``str(x)`` 而不再是 ``format(str(x), '')``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2068 +msgid "" +"These are the so-called \"rich comparison\" methods. The correspondence " +"between operator symbols and method names is as follows: ``xy`` calls " +"``x.__gt__(y)``, and ``x>=y`` calls ``x.__ge__(y)``." +msgstr "" +"以上这些被称为“富比较”方法。运算符号与方法名称的对应关系如下：``xy`` 调用 ``x.__gt__(y)``、``x>=y`` 调用 ``x.__ge__(y)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2074 +msgid "" +"A rich comparison method may return the singleton :data:`NotImplemented` if " +"it does not implement the operation for a given pair of arguments. By " +"convention, ``False`` and ``True`` are returned for a successful comparison." +" However, these methods can return any value, so if the comparison operator " +"is used in a Boolean context (e.g., in the condition of an ``if`` " +"statement), Python will call :func:`bool` on the value to determine if the " +"result is true or false." +msgstr "" +"如果指定的参数对没有相应的实现，富比较方法可能会返回单例对象 :data:`NotImplemented` 。按照惯例，成功的比较会返回 " +"``False`` 或 ``True``。不过实际上这些方法可以返回任意值，因此如果比较运算符是要用于布尔值判断（例如作为 ``if`` " +"语句的条件），Python 会对返回值调用 :func:`bool` 以确定结果为真还是假。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2081 +msgid "" +"By default, ``object`` implements :meth:`__eq__` by using ``is``, returning " +":data:`NotImplemented` in the case of a false comparison: ``True if x is y " +"else NotImplemented``. For :meth:`__ne__`, by default it delegates to " +":meth:`__eq__` and inverts the result unless it is :data:`!NotImplemented`." +" There are no other implied relationships among the comparison operators or" +" default implementations; for example, the truth of ``(x.__hash__``." +msgstr "" +"如果一个重载了 :meth:`__eq__` 的类需要保留来自父类的 :meth:`__hash__` 实现，则必须通过设置 ``__hash__ = " +".__hash__`` 来显式地告知解释器。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2166 +msgid "" +"If a class that does not override :meth:`__eq__` wishes to suppress hash " +"support, it should include ``__hash__ = None`` in the class definition. A " +"class which defines its own :meth:`__hash__` that explicitly raises a " +":exc:`TypeError` would be incorrectly identified as hashable by an " +"``isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Hashable)`` call." +msgstr "" +"如果一个没有重载 :meth:`__eq__` 的类需要去掉哈希支持，则应该在类定义中包含 ``__hash__ = None``。一个自定义了 " +":meth:`__hash__` 以显式地引发 :exc:`TypeError` 的类会被 ``isinstance(obj, " +"collections.abc.Hashable)`` 调用错误地识别为可哈希对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2175 +msgid "" +"By default, the :meth:`__hash__` values of str and bytes objects are " +"\"salted\" with an unpredictable random value. Although they remain " +"constant within an individual Python process, they are not predictable " +"between repeated invocations of Python." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，str 和 bytes 对象的 :meth:`__hash__` 值会使用一个不可预知的随机值“加盐”。 虽然它们在一个单独 Python" +" 进程中会保持不变，但它们的值在重复运行的 Python 间是不可预测的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2180 +msgid "" +"This is intended to provide protection against a denial-of-service caused by" +" carefully chosen inputs that exploit the worst case performance of a dict " +"insertion, *O*\\ (*n*\\ :sup:`2`) complexity. See " +"http://ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html for details." +msgstr "" +"这是为了防止通过精心选择输入来利用字典插入操作在最坏情况下的执行效率即 *O*\\ (*n*\\ :sup:`2`) 复杂度制度的拒绝服务攻击。 请参阅" +" http://ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2185 +msgid "" +"Changing hash values affects the iteration order of sets. Python has never " +"made guarantees about this ordering (and it typically varies between 32-bit " +"and 64-bit builds)." +msgstr "改变哈希值会影响集合的迭代次序。Python 也从不保证这个次序不会被改变（通常它在 32 位和 64 位构建上是不一致的）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2189 +msgid "See also :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`." +msgstr "另见 :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`." + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2191 +msgid "Hash randomization is enabled by default." +msgstr "默认启用哈希随机化。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2199 +msgid "" +"Called to implement truth value testing and the built-in operation " +"``bool()``; should return ``False`` or ``True``. When this method is not " +"defined, :meth:`~object.__len__` is called, if it is defined, and the object" +" is considered true if its result is nonzero. If a class defines neither " +":meth:`!__len__` nor :meth:`!__bool__` (which is true of the :class:`object`" +" class itself), all its instances are considered true." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现真值检测以及内置的 ``bool()`` 操作；应当返回 ``False`` 或 ``True``。 当未定义此方法时，则会在定义了 " +":meth:`~object.__len__` 的情况下调用它，如果其结果不为零则该对象将被视为具有真值。 如果一个类的 " +":meth:`!__len__` 和 :meth:`!__bool__` 均未定义（这也是 :class:`object` " +"类本身的情况），则其所有实例都将被视为具有真值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2210 +msgid "Customizing attribute access" +msgstr "自定义属性访问" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2212 +msgid "" +"The following methods can be defined to customize the meaning of attribute " +"access (use of, assignment to, or deletion of ``x.name``) for class " +"instances." +msgstr "可以定义下列方法来自定义对类实例属性访问（``x.name`` 的使用、赋值或删除）的具体含义." + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2220 +msgid "" +"Called when the default attribute access fails with an :exc:`AttributeError`" +" (either :meth:`__getattribute__` raises an :exc:`AttributeError` because " +"*name* is not an instance attribute or an attribute in the class tree for " +"``self``; or :meth:`__get__` of a *name* property raises " +":exc:`AttributeError`). This method should either return the (computed) " +"attribute value or raise an :exc:`AttributeError` exception. The " +":class:`object` class itself does not provide this method." +msgstr "" +"当默认属性访问因引发 :exc:`AttributeError` 而失败时被调用 (可能是调用 :meth:`__getattribute__` 时由于" +" *name* 不是一个实例属性或 ``self`` 的类层级树中的属性而引发了 :exc:`AttributeError`；或者是由于 *name* " +"特征属性的 :meth:`__get__` 引发了 :exc:`AttributeError`)。 此方法应当返回（找到的）属性值或是引发一个 " +":exc:`AttributeError` 异常。 :class:`object` 类本身没有提供此方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2228 +msgid "" +"Note that if the attribute is found through the normal mechanism, " +":meth:`__getattr__` is not called. (This is an intentional asymmetry " +"between :meth:`__getattr__` and :meth:`__setattr__`.) This is done both for " +"efficiency reasons and because otherwise :meth:`__getattr__` would have no " +"way to access other attributes of the instance. Note that at least for " +"instance variables, you can take total control by not inserting any values " +"in the instance attribute dictionary (but instead inserting them in another " +"object). See the :meth:`__getattribute__` method below for a way to " +"actually get total control over attribute access." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果属性是通过正常机制找到的，则 :meth:`__getattr__` 不会被调用。 （这是在 :meth:`__getattr__` 和 " +":meth:`__setattr__` 之间故意设置的不对称性。） 这既是出于执行效率理由也是因为不这样做的话 :meth:`__getattr__` " +"将无法访问实例的其他属性。 要注意至少对于实例变量来说，你不必在实例属性字典中插入任何值（而是通过插入到其他对象）就可以实现对它的完全控制。 " +"请参阅下面的 :meth:`__getattribute__` 方法了解真正获取对属性访问的完全控制权的办法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2241 +msgid "" +"Called unconditionally to implement attribute accesses for instances of the " +"class. If the class also defines :meth:`__getattr__`, the latter will not be" +" called unless :meth:`__getattribute__` either calls it explicitly or raises" +" an :exc:`AttributeError`. This method should return the (computed) " +"attribute value or raise an :exc:`AttributeError` exception. In order to " +"avoid infinite recursion in this method, its implementation should always " +"call the base class method with the same name to access any attributes it " +"needs, for example, ``object.__getattribute__(self, name)``." +msgstr "" +"此方法会无条件地被调用以实现对类实例属性的访问。如果类还定义了 :meth:`__getattr__`，则后者不会被调用，除非 " +":meth:`__getattribute__` 显式地调用它或是引发了 " +":exc:`AttributeError`。此方法应当返回（找到的）属性值或是引发一个 :exc:`AttributeError` " +"异常。为了避免此方法中的无限递归，其实现应该总是调用具有相同名称的基类方法来访问它所需要的任何属性，例如 " +"``object.__getattribute__(self, name)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2252 +msgid "" +"This method may still be bypassed when looking up special methods as the " +"result of implicit invocation via language syntax or :ref:`built-in " +"functions `. See :ref:`special-lookup`." +msgstr "" +"此方法在作为通过特定语法或 :ref:`内置函数 ` 隐式地调用的结果的情况下查找特殊方法时仍可能会被跳过。 参见" +" :ref:`special-lookup`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2257 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2259 +msgid "" +"For certain sensitive attribute accesses, raises an :ref:`auditing event " +"` ``object.__getattr__`` with arguments ``obj`` and ``name``." +msgstr "" +"对于特定的敏感属性访问，引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``object.__getattr__``，附带参数 ``obj`` " +"和 ``name``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2266 +msgid "" +"Called when an attribute assignment is attempted. This is called instead of" +" the normal mechanism (i.e. store the value in the instance dictionary). " +"*name* is the attribute name, *value* is the value to be assigned to it." +msgstr "" +"此方法在一个属性被尝试赋值时被调用。这个调用会取代正常机制（即将值保存到实例字典）。 *name* 为属性名称， *value* 为要赋给属性的值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2270 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`__setattr__` wants to assign to an instance attribute, it should " +"call the base class method with the same name, for example, " +"``object.__setattr__(self, name, value)``." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`__setattr__` 想要赋值给一个实例属性，它应该调用同名的基类方法，例如 " +"``object.__setattr__(self, name, value)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2274 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2276 +msgid "" +"For certain sensitive attribute assignments, raises an :ref:`auditing event " +"` ``object.__setattr__`` with arguments ``obj``, ``name``, " +"``value``." +msgstr "" +"对特定敏感属性的赋值，会引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``object.__setattr__``，附带参数 ``obj``," +" ``name``, ``value``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2283 +msgid "" +"Like :meth:`__setattr__` but for attribute deletion instead of assignment. " +"This should only be implemented if ``del obj.name`` is meaningful for the " +"object." +msgstr "" +"类似于 :meth:`__setattr__` 但其作用为删除而非赋值。此方法应该仅在 ``del obj.name`` 对于该对象有意义时才被实现。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2286 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2288 +msgid "" +"For certain sensitive attribute deletions, raises an :ref:`auditing event " +"` ``object.__delattr__`` with arguments ``obj`` and ``name``." +msgstr "" +"对于特定的敏感属性删除，引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``object.__delattr__``，附带参数 ``obj`` " +"和 ``name``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2295 +msgid "" +"Called when :func:`dir` is called on the object. An iterable must be " +"returned. :func:`dir` converts the returned iterable to a list and sorts it." +msgstr "" +"此方法会在针对相应对象调用 :func:`dir` 时被调用。 返回值必须为一个可迭代对象。 :func:`dir` " +"会把返回的可迭代对象转换为列表并对其排序。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2300 +msgid "Customizing module attribute access" +msgstr "自定义模块属性访问" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2307 +msgid "" +"Special names ``__getattr__`` and ``__dir__`` can be also used to customize " +"access to module attributes. The ``__getattr__`` function at the module " +"level should accept one argument which is the name of an attribute and " +"return the computed value or raise an :exc:`AttributeError`. If an attribute" +" is not found on a module object through the normal lookup, i.e. " +":meth:`object.__getattribute__`, then ``__getattr__`` is searched in the " +"module ``__dict__`` before raising an :exc:`AttributeError`. If found, it is" +" called with the attribute name and the result is returned." +msgstr "" +"特殊名称 ``__getattr__`` 和 ``__dir__`` 还可被用来自定义对模块属性的访问。模块层级的 ``__getattr__`` " +"函数应当接受一个参数，其名称为一个属性名，并返回计算结果值或引发一个 :exc:`AttributeError`。如果通过正常查找即 " +":meth:`object.__getattribute__` 未在模块对象中找到某个属性，则 ``__getattr__`` 会在模块的 " +"``__dict__`` 中查找，未找到时会引发一个 :exc:`AttributeError`。如果找到，它会以属性名被调用并返回结果值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2316 +msgid "" +"The ``__dir__`` function should accept no arguments, and return an iterable " +"of strings that represents the names accessible on module. If present, this " +"function overrides the standard :func:`dir` search on a module." +msgstr "" +"``__dir__`` 函数应当不接受任何参数，并且返回一个表示模块中可访问名称的字符串可迭代对象。 此函数如果存在，将会重写一个模块中的标准 " +":func:`dir` 搜索操作。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2320 +msgid "" +"For a more fine grained customization of the module behavior (setting " +"attributes, properties, etc.), one can set the ``__class__`` attribute of a " +"module object to a subclass of :class:`types.ModuleType`. For example::" +msgstr "" +"想要更细致地自定义模块的行为（设置属性和特性属性等待），可以将模块对象的 ``__class__`` 属性设置为一个 " +":class:`types.ModuleType` 的子类。例如::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2324 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"from types import ModuleType\n" +"\n" +"class VerboseModule(ModuleType):\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return f'Verbose {self.__name__}'\n" +"\n" +" def __setattr__(self, attr, value):\n" +" print(f'Setting {attr}...')\n" +" super().__setattr__(attr, value)\n" +"\n" +"sys.modules[__name__].__class__ = VerboseModule" +msgstr "" +"import sys\n" +"from types import ModuleType\n" +"\n" +"class VerboseModule(ModuleType):\n" +" def __repr__(self):\n" +" return f'Verbose {self.__name__}'\n" +"\n" +" def __setattr__(self, attr, value):\n" +" print(f'Setting {attr}...')\n" +" super().__setattr__(attr, value)\n" +"\n" +"sys.modules[__name__].__class__ = VerboseModule" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2338 +msgid "" +"Defining module ``__getattr__`` and setting module ``__class__`` only affect" +" lookups made using the attribute access syntax -- directly accessing the " +"module globals (whether by code within the module, or via a reference to the" +" module's globals dictionary) is unaffected." +msgstr "" +"定义模块的 ``__getattr__`` 和设置模块的 ``__class__`` 只会影响使用属性访问语法进行的查找 -- " +"直接访问模块全局变量（不论是通过模块内的代码还是通过对模块全局字典的引用）是不受影响的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2343 +msgid "``__class__`` module attribute is now writable." +msgstr "``__class__`` 模块属性改为可写。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2346 +msgid "``__getattr__`` and ``__dir__`` module attributes." +msgstr "``__getattr__`` 和 ``__dir__`` 模块属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2351 +msgid ":pep:`562` - Module __getattr__ and __dir__" +msgstr ":pep:`562` - 模块 __getattr__ 和 __dir__" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2352 +msgid "Describes the ``__getattr__`` and ``__dir__`` functions on modules." +msgstr "描述用于模块的 ``__getattr__`` 和 ``__dir__`` 函数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2358 +msgid "Implementing Descriptors" +msgstr "实现描述器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2360 +msgid "" +"The following methods only apply when an instance of the class containing " +"the method (a so-called *descriptor* class) appears in an *owner* class (the" +" descriptor must be in either the owner's class dictionary or in the class " +"dictionary for one of its parents). In the examples below, \"the " +"attribute\" refers to the attribute whose name is the key of the property in" +" the owner class' :attr:`~object.__dict__`. The :class:`object` class " +"itself does not implement any of these protocols." +msgstr "" +"下列方法仅当一个包含该方法的类（即所谓 *描述器* 类）的实例出现在一个 *所有者* " +"类之中的时候才会起作用（该描述器必须在所有者类或它的某个上级类的类字典中）。 在下面的例子中，“属性”是指名称为所有者类的 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 中的特征属性的键名的属性。 :class:`object` 类本身没有实现这些协议。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2370 +msgid "" +"Called to get the attribute of the owner class (class attribute access) or " +"of an instance of that class (instance attribute access). The optional " +"*owner* argument is the owner class, while *instance* is the instance that " +"the attribute was accessed through, or ``None`` when the attribute is " +"accessed through the *owner*." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以获取所有者类的属性（类属性访问）或该类的实例的属性（实例属性访问）。 可选的 *owner* 参数是所有者类而 *instance* " +"是被用来访问属性的实例，如果通过 *owner* 来访问属性则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2376 +msgid "" +"This method should return the computed attribute value or raise an " +":exc:`AttributeError` exception." +msgstr "此方法应当返回计算得到的属性值或是引发 :exc:`AttributeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2379 +msgid "" +":PEP:`252` specifies that :meth:`__get__` is callable with one or two " +"arguments. Python's own built-in descriptors support this specification; " +"however, it is likely that some third-party tools have descriptors that " +"require both arguments. Python's own :meth:`__getattribute__` " +"implementation always passes in both arguments whether they are required or " +"not." +msgstr "" +":PEP:`252` 指明 :meth:`__get__` 为带有一至二个参数的可调用对象。 Python " +"自身内置的描述器支持此规格定义；但是，某些第三方工具可能要求必须带两个参数。 Python 自身的 :meth:`__getattribute__` " +"实现总是会传入两个参数，无论它们是否被要求提供。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2388 +msgid "" +"Called to set the attribute on an instance *instance* of the owner class to " +"a new value, *value*." +msgstr "调用此方法以设置 *instance* 指定的所有者类的实例的属性为新值 *value*。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2391 +msgid "" +"Note, adding :meth:`__set__` or :meth:`__delete__` changes the kind of " +"descriptor to a \"data descriptor\". See :ref:`descriptor-invocation` for " +"more details." +msgstr "" +"请注意，添加 :meth:`__set__` 或 :meth:`__delete__` 会将描述器变成“数据描述器”。 更多细节请参阅 " +":ref:`descriptor-invocation`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2397 +msgid "" +"Called to delete the attribute on an instance *instance* of the owner class." +msgstr "调用此方法以删除 *instance* 指定的所有者类的实例的属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2399 +msgid "" +"Instances of descriptors may also have the :attr:`!__objclass__` attribute " +"present:" +msgstr "描述器的实例也可能存在 :attr:`!__objclass__` 属性：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2404 +msgid "" +"The attribute :attr:`!__objclass__` is interpreted by the :mod:`inspect` " +"module as specifying the class where this object was defined (setting this " +"appropriately can assist in runtime introspection of dynamic class " +"attributes). For callables, it may indicate that an instance of the given " +"type (or a subclass) is expected or required as the first positional " +"argument (for example, CPython sets this attribute for unbound methods that " +"are implemented in C)." +msgstr "" +"属性 :attr:`!__objclass__` 会被 :mod:`inspect` " +"模块解读为指定此对象定义所在的类（正确设置此属性有助于动态类属性的运行时内省）。 " +"对于可调用对象来说，它可以指明预期或要求提供一个特定类型（或子类）的实例作为第一个位置参数（例如，CPython 会为在 C " +"中实现的未绑定方法设置此属性）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2415 +msgid "Invoking Descriptors" +msgstr "调用描述器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2417 +msgid "" +"In general, a descriptor is an object attribute with \"binding behavior\", " +"one whose attribute access has been overridden by methods in the descriptor " +"protocol: :meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object.__set__`, and " +":meth:`~object.__delete__`. If any of those methods are defined for an " +"object, it is said to be a descriptor." +msgstr "" +"总的说来，描述器就是具有“绑定行为”的对象属性，其属性访问已被描述器协议中的方法所重载: :meth:`~object.__get__`, " +":meth:`~object.__set__` 和 :meth:`~object.__delete__`。 " +"如果一个对象定义了以上方法中的任意一个，它就被称为描述器。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2423 +msgid "" +"The default behavior for attribute access is to get, set, or delete the " +"attribute from an object's dictionary. For instance, ``a.x`` has a lookup " +"chain starting with ``a.__dict__['x']``, then ``type(a).__dict__['x']``, and" +" continuing through the base classes of ``type(a)`` excluding metaclasses." +msgstr "" +"属性访问的默认行为是从一个对象的字典中获取、设置或删除属性。例如，``a.x`` 的查找顺序会从 ``a.__dict__['x']`` 开始，然后是 " +"``type(a).__dict__['x']``，接下来依次查找 ``type(a)`` 的上级基类，不包括元类。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2428 +msgid "" +"However, if the looked-up value is an object defining one of the descriptor " +"methods, then Python may override the default behavior and invoke the " +"descriptor method instead. Where this occurs in the precedence chain " +"depends on which descriptor methods were defined and how they were called." +msgstr "" +"但是，如果找到的值是定义了某个描述器方法的对象，则 Python " +"可能会重载默认行为并转而唤起描述器方法。这具体发生在优先级链的哪个环节则要根据所定义的描述器方法及其被调用的方式来决定。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2433 +msgid "" +"The starting point for descriptor invocation is a binding, ``a.x``. How the " +"arguments are assembled depends on ``a``:" +msgstr "描述器唤起的开始点是一个绑定 ``a.x``。参数的组合方式依 ``a`` 而定:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2436 +msgid "Direct Call" +msgstr "直接调用" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2437 +msgid "" +"The simplest and least common call is when user code directly invokes a " +"descriptor method: ``x.__get__(a)``." +msgstr "最简单但最不常见的调用方式是用户代码直接唤起一个描述器方法: ``x.__get__(a)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2440 +msgid "Instance Binding" +msgstr "实例绑定" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2441 +msgid "" +"If binding to an object instance, ``a.x`` is transformed into the call: " +"``type(a).__dict__['x'].__get__(a, type(a))``." +msgstr "" +"如果绑定到一个对象实例，``a.x`` 会被转换为调用: ``type(a).__dict__['x'].__get__(a, type(a))``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2444 +msgid "Class Binding" +msgstr "类绑定" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2445 +msgid "" +"If binding to a class, ``A.x`` is transformed into the call: " +"``A.__dict__['x'].__get__(None, A)``." +msgstr "如果绑定到一个类，``A.x`` 会被转换为调用: ``A.__dict__['x'].__get__(None, A)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2448 +msgid "Super Binding" +msgstr "超绑定" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2449 +msgid "" +"A dotted lookup such as ``super(A, a).x`` searches ``a.__class__.__mro__`` " +"for a base class ``B`` following ``A`` and then returns " +"``B.__dict__['x'].__get__(a, A)``. If not a descriptor, ``x`` is returned " +"unchanged." +msgstr "" +"类似 ``super(A, a).x`` 这样的带点号查找将在 ``a.__class__.__mro__`` 中搜索紧接在 ``A`` 之后的基类 " +"``B`` 并返回 ``B.__dict__['x'].__get__(a, A)``。 如果 ``x`` 不是描述器，则不加改变地返回它。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2486 +msgid "" +"For instance bindings, the precedence of descriptor invocation depends on " +"which descriptor methods are defined. A descriptor can define any " +"combination of :meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object.__set__` and " +":meth:`~object.__delete__`. If it does not define :meth:`!__get__`, then " +"accessing the attribute will return the descriptor object itself unless " +"there is a value in the object's instance dictionary. If the descriptor " +"defines :meth:`!__set__` and/or :meth:`!__delete__`, it is a data " +"descriptor; if it defines neither, it is a non-data descriptor. Normally, " +"data descriptors define both :meth:`!__get__` and :meth:`!__set__`, while " +"non-data descriptors have just the :meth:`!__get__` method. Data " +"descriptors with :meth:`!__get__` and :meth:`!__set__` (and/or " +":meth:`!__delete__`) defined always override a redefinition in an instance " +"dictionary. In contrast, non-data descriptors can be overridden by " +"instances." +msgstr "" +"对于实例绑定，发起描述器调用的优先级取决于定义了哪些描述器方法。 一个描述器可以定义 :meth:`~object.__get__`, " +":meth:`~object.__set__` 和 :meth:`~object.__delete__` 的任意组合。 如果它没有定义 " +":meth:`!__get__`，则访问属性将返回描述器对象自身，除非对象的实例字典中有相应的属性值。 如果描述器定义了 " +":meth:`!__set__` 和/或 :meth:`!__delete__`，则它是一个数据描述器；如果两者均未定义，则它是一个非数据描述器。 " +"通常，数据描述器会同时定义 :meth:`!__get__` 和 :meth:`!__set__`，而非数据描述器则只有 " +":meth:`!__get__` 方法。 定义了 :meth:`!__get__` 和 :meth:`!__set__` (和/或 " +":meth:`!__delete__`) 的数据描述器总是会重载实例字典中的定义。 与之相对地，非数据描述器则可被实例所重载。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2501 +msgid "" +"Python methods (including those decorated with :func:`@staticmethod " +"` and :func:`@classmethod `) are implemented as " +"non-data descriptors. Accordingly, instances can redefine and override " +"methods. This allows individual instances to acquire behaviors that differ " +"from other instances of the same class." +msgstr "" +"Python 方法（包括用 :func:`@staticmethod ` 和 :func:`@classmethod " +"` 装饰的方法）都是作为非数据描述器来实现的。 因而，实例可以重定义和重写方法。 " +"这允许单个实例获得与相同类的其他实例不一样的行为。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2507 +msgid "" +"The :func:`property` function is implemented as a data descriptor. " +"Accordingly, instances cannot override the behavior of a property." +msgstr ":func:`property` 函数是作为数据描述器来实现的。因此实例不能重载特性属性的行为。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2514 +msgid "__slots__" +msgstr "__slots__" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2516 +msgid "" +"*__slots__* allow us to explicitly declare data members (like properties) " +"and deny the creation of :attr:`~object.__dict__` and *__weakref__* (unless " +"explicitly declared in *__slots__* or available in a parent.)" +msgstr "" +"*__slots__* 允许我们显式地声明数据成员（如特征属性）并禁止创建 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 和 " +"*__weakref__* (除非是在 *__slots__* 中显式地声明或是在父类中可用。)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2520 +msgid "" +"The space saved over using :attr:`~object.__dict__` can be significant. " +"Attribute lookup speed can be significantly improved as well." +msgstr "相比使用 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 可以显著节省空间。 属性查找速度也可得到显著的提升。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2525 +msgid "" +"This class variable can be assigned a string, iterable, or sequence of " +"strings with variable names used by instances. *__slots__* reserves space " +"for the declared variables and prevents the automatic creation of " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` and *__weakref__* for each instance." +msgstr "" +"这个类变量可赋值为字符串、可迭代对象或由实例使用的变量名组成的字符串序列。 *__slots__* 会为已声明的变量保留空间并阻止自动为每个实例创建 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 和 *__weakref__*。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2534 +msgid "Notes on using *__slots__*:" +msgstr "使用 *__slots__* 的注意事项:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2536 +msgid "" +"When inheriting from a class without *__slots__*, the " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` and *__weakref__* attribute of the instances will " +"always be accessible." +msgstr "" +"当继承自一个没有 *__slots__* 的类时，实例的 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 和 *__weakref__* " +"属性将总是可访问的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2540 +msgid "" +"Without a :attr:`~object.__dict__` variable, instances cannot be assigned " +"new variables not listed in the *__slots__* definition. Attempts to assign " +"to an unlisted variable name raises :exc:`AttributeError`. If dynamic " +"assignment of new variables is desired, then add ``'__dict__'`` to the " +"sequence of strings in the *__slots__* declaration." +msgstr "" +"没有 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 变量，实例就不能给未在 *__slots__* 定义中列出的新变量赋值。 " +"尝试给一个未列出的变量名赋值将引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。 如果需要动态地给新变量赋值，则要将 ``'__dict__'`` " +"加入到在 *__slots__* 中声明的字符串序列中。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2547 +msgid "" +"Without a *__weakref__* variable for each instance, classes defining " +"*__slots__* do not support :mod:`weak references ` to its " +"instances. If weak reference support is needed, then add ``'__weakref__'`` " +"to the sequence of strings in the *__slots__* declaration." +msgstr "" +"如果未给每个实例设置 *__weakref__* 变量，则定义了 *__slots__* 的类就不支持对其实例的 :mod:`弱引用 " +"`。 如果需要支持弱引用，则要将 ``'__weakref__'`` 加入到在 *__slots__* 中声明的字符串序列中。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2553 +msgid "" +"*__slots__* are implemented at the class level by creating :ref:`descriptors" +" ` for each variable name. As a result, class attributes " +"cannot be used to set default values for instance variables defined by " +"*__slots__*; otherwise, the class attribute would overwrite the descriptor " +"assignment." +msgstr "" +"*__slots__* 是通过为每个变量名创建 :ref:`描述器 ` 在类层级上实现的。 因此，类属性不能被用来为通过 " +"*__slots__* 定义的实例变量设置默认值；否则，类属性将会覆盖描述器赋值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2559 +msgid "" +"The action of a *__slots__* declaration is not limited to the class where it" +" is defined. *__slots__* declared in parents are available in child " +"classes. However, instances of a child subclass will get a " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` and *__weakref__* unless the subclass also defines " +"*__slots__* (which should only contain names of any *additional* slots)." +msgstr "" +"*__slots__* 声明的作用不只限于定义它的类。 在父类中声明的 *__slots__* 在其子类中同样可用。 不过，子类的实例将会获得 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 和 *__weakref__*，除非子类也定义了 *__slots__* (它应当只包含 *附加* " +"槽位的名称）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2565 +msgid "" +"If a class defines a slot also defined in a base class, the instance " +"variable defined by the base class slot is inaccessible (except by " +"retrieving its descriptor directly from the base class). This renders the " +"meaning of the program undefined. In the future, a check may be added to " +"prevent this." +msgstr "" +"如果一个类定义的位置在某个基类中也有定义，则由基类位置定义的实例变量将不可访问（除非通过直接从基类获取其描述器的方式）。这会使得程序的含义变成未定义。未来可能会添加一个防止此情况的检查。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2570 +msgid "" +":exc:`TypeError` will be raised if nonempty *__slots__* are defined for a " +"class derived from a :c:member:`\"variable-length\" built-in type " +"` such as :class:`int`, :class:`bytes`, and " +":class:`tuple`." +msgstr "" +"如果为派生自 :c:member:`\"variable-length\" 内置类型 ` 如 " +":class:`int`, :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`tuple` 的类定义了非空的*__slots__* 则将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2575 +msgid "Any non-string :term:`iterable` may be assigned to *__slots__*." +msgstr "任何非字符串的 :term:`iterable` 都可以被赋值给 *__slots__*。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2577 +msgid "" +"If a :class:`dictionary ` is used to assign *__slots__*, the " +"dictionary keys will be used as the slot names. The values of the dictionary" +" can be used to provide per-attribute docstrings that will be recognised by " +":func:`inspect.getdoc` and displayed in the output of :func:`help`." +msgstr "" +"如果是使用一个 :class:`字典 ` 来给 *__slots__* 赋值，则该字典的键将被用作槽位名称。 " +"字典的值可被用来为每个属性提供将被 :func:`inspect.getdoc` 识别并在and displayed in the output of " +":func:`help` 的输出中显示的文档字符串。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2582 +msgid "" +":attr:`~object.__class__` assignment works only if both classes have the " +"same *__slots__*." +msgstr ":attr:`~object.__class__` 赋值仅在两个类具有相同的 *__slots__* 时才会起作用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2585 +msgid "" +":ref:`Multiple inheritance ` with multiple slotted parent " +"classes can be used, but only one parent is allowed to have attributes " +"created by slots (the other bases must have empty slot layouts) - violations" +" raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"带有多槽位父类的 :ref:`多重继承 ` 也是可用的，但仅允许一个父类具有由槽位创建的属性（其他基类必须具有空的槽位布局）" +" —— 违反此规则将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2591 +msgid "" +"If an :term:`iterator` is used for *__slots__* then a :term:`descriptor` is " +"created for each of the iterator's values. However, the *__slots__* " +"attribute will be an empty iterator." +msgstr "" +"如果将 :term:`iterator` 用于 *__slots__* 则会为该迭代器的每个值创建一个 :term:`descriptor`。 " +"但是，*__slots__* 属性将为一个空迭代器。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2599 +msgid "Customizing class creation" +msgstr "自定义类创建" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2601 +msgid "" +"Whenever a class inherits from another class, " +":meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` is called on the parent class. This way, " +"it is possible to write classes which change the behavior of subclasses. " +"This is closely related to class decorators, but where class decorators only" +" affect the specific class they're applied to, ``__init_subclass__`` solely " +"applies to future subclasses of the class defining the method." +msgstr "" +"当一个类继承另一个类时，会在这个父类上调用 :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__`。 " +"这样，就使得编写改变子类行为的类成为可能。 这与类装饰器有很密切的关联，但类装饰器只能影响它们所应用的特定类，而 " +"``__init_subclass__`` 则只作用于定义了该方法的类在未来的子类。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2610 +msgid "" +"This method is called whenever the containing class is subclassed. *cls* is " +"then the new subclass. If defined as a normal instance method, this method " +"is implicitly converted to a class method." +msgstr "当所在类派生子类时此方法就会被调用。*cls* 将指向新的子类。如果定义为一个普通实例方法，此方法将被隐式地转换为类方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2614 +msgid "" +"Keyword arguments which are given to a new class are passed to the parent " +"class's ``__init_subclass__``. For compatibility with other classes using " +"``__init_subclass__``, one should take out the needed keyword arguments and " +"pass the others over to the base class, as in::" +msgstr "" +"传给一个新类的关键字参数会被传给上级类的 ``__init_subclass__``。 为了与其他使用 ``__init_subclass__`` " +"的类兼容，应当去掉需要的关键字参数再将其他参数传给基类，例如::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2620 +msgid "" +"class Philosopher:\n" +" def __init_subclass__(cls, /, default_name, **kwargs):\n" +" super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)\n" +" cls.default_name = default_name\n" +"\n" +"class AustralianPhilosopher(Philosopher, default_name=\"Bruce\"):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class Philosopher:\n" +" def __init_subclass__(cls, /, default_name, **kwargs):\n" +" super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)\n" +" cls.default_name = default_name\n" +"\n" +"class AustralianPhilosopher(Philosopher, default_name=\"Bruce\"):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2628 +msgid "" +"The default implementation ``object.__init_subclass__`` does nothing, but " +"raises an error if it is called with any arguments." +msgstr "``object.__init_subclass__`` 的默认实现什么都不做，只在带任意参数调用时引发一个错误。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2633 +msgid "" +"The metaclass hint ``metaclass`` is consumed by the rest of the type " +"machinery, and is never passed to ``__init_subclass__`` implementations. The" +" actual metaclass (rather than the explicit hint) can be accessed as " +"``type(cls)``." +msgstr "" +"元类提示 ``metaclass`` 将被其它类型机制消耗掉，并不会被传给 ``__init_subclass__`` " +"的实现。实际的元类（而非显式的提示）可通过 ``type(cls)`` 访问。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2641 +msgid "" +"When a class is created, :meth:`type.__new__` scans the class variables and " +"makes callbacks to those with a :meth:`~object.__set_name__` hook." +msgstr "" +"当一个类被创建时，:meth:`type.__new__` 会扫描类变量并对其中带有 :meth:`~object.__set_name__` " +"钩子的对象执行回调。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2646 +msgid "" +"Automatically called at the time the owning class *owner* is created. The " +"object has been assigned to *name* in that class::" +msgstr "在所有者类 *owner* 被创建时自动调用。 此对象已被赋值给该类中的 *name*::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2649 +msgid "" +"class A:\n" +" x = C() # Automatically calls: x.__set_name__(A, 'x')" +msgstr "" +"class A:\n" +" x = C() # 自动调用: x.__set_name__(A, 'x')" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2652 +msgid "" +"If the class variable is assigned after the class is created, " +":meth:`__set_name__` will not be called automatically. If needed, " +":meth:`__set_name__` can be called directly::" +msgstr "" +"如果类变量赋值是在类被创建之后进行的，:meth:`__set_name__` 将不会被自动调用。 如有必要，可以直接调用 " +":meth:`__set_name__`::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2656 +msgid "" +"class A:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"c = C()\n" +"A.x = c # The hook is not called\n" +"c.__set_name__(A, 'x') # Manually invoke the hook" +msgstr "" +"class A:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"c = C()\n" +"A.x = c # 钩子未被调用\n" +"c.__set_name__(A, 'x') # 手动唤起钩子" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2663 +msgid "See :ref:`class-object-creation` for more details." +msgstr "详情参见 :ref:`class-object-creation`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2671 +msgid "Metaclasses" +msgstr "元类" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2678 +msgid "" +"By default, classes are constructed using :func:`type`. The class body is " +"executed in a new namespace and the class name is bound locally to the " +"result of ``type(name, bases, namespace)``." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，类是使用 :func:`type` 来构建的。类体会在一个新的命名空间内执行，类名会被局部绑定到 ``type(name, bases, " +"namespace)`` 的结果。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2682 +msgid "" +"The class creation process can be customized by passing the ``metaclass`` " +"keyword argument in the class definition line, or by inheriting from an " +"existing class that included such an argument. In the following example, " +"both ``MyClass`` and ``MySubclass`` are instances of ``Meta``::" +msgstr "" +"类创建过程可通过在定义行传入 ``metaclass`` 关键字参数，或是通过继承一个包含此参数的现有类来进行定制。在以下示例中，``MyClass``" +" 和 ``MySubclass`` 都是 ``Meta`` 的实例::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2687 +msgid "" +"class Meta(type):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class MyClass(metaclass=Meta):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class MySubclass(MyClass):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class Meta(type):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class MyClass(metaclass=Meta):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class MySubclass(MyClass):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2696 +msgid "" +"Any other keyword arguments that are specified in the class definition are " +"passed through to all metaclass operations described below." +msgstr "在类定义内指定的任何其他关键字参数都会在下面所描述的所有元类操作中进行传递。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2699 +msgid "When a class definition is executed, the following steps occur:" +msgstr "当一个类定义被执行时，将发生以下步骤:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2701 +msgid "MRO entries are resolved;" +msgstr "解析 MRO 条目；" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2702 +msgid "the appropriate metaclass is determined;" +msgstr "确定适当的元类；" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2703 +msgid "the class namespace is prepared;" +msgstr "准备类命名空间；" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2704 +msgid "the class body is executed;" +msgstr "执行类主体；" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2705 +msgid "the class object is created." +msgstr "创建类对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2709 +msgid "Resolving MRO entries" +msgstr "解析 MRO 条目" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2713 +msgid "" +"If a base that appears in a class definition is not an instance of " +":class:`type`, then an :meth:`!__mro_entries__` method is searched on the " +"base. If an :meth:`!__mro_entries__` method is found, the base is " +"substituted with the result of a call to :meth:`!__mro_entries__` when " +"creating the class. The method is called with the original bases tuple " +"passed to the *bases* parameter, and must return a tuple of classes that " +"will be used instead of the base. The returned tuple may be empty: in these " +"cases, the original base is ignored." +msgstr "" +"如果一个出现在类定义中的基类不是 :class:`type` 的实例，则会在该基类中搜索 :meth:`!__mro_entries__` 方法。 " +"如果找到了 :meth:`!__mro_entries__` 方法，则在创建类时该基类会被替换为调用 :meth:`!__mro_entries__` " +"的结果。 该方法被调用时将附带传给 *bases* 形参的原始基类元组，并且必须返回一个由将被用来替代该基类的类组成的元组。 " +"返回的元组可能为空：在此情况下，原始基类将被忽略。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2724 +msgid ":func:`types.resolve_bases`" +msgstr ":func:`types.resolve_bases`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2725 +msgid "Dynamically resolve bases that are not instances of :class:`type`." +msgstr "动态地解析不属于 :class:`type` 实例的基类。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2727 +msgid ":func:`types.get_original_bases`" +msgstr ":func:`types.get_original_bases`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2728 +msgid "" +"Retrieve a class's \"original bases\" prior to modifications by " +":meth:`~object.__mro_entries__`." +msgstr "在类被 :meth:`~object.__mro_entries__` 修改之前提取其“原始基类”。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2731 +msgid ":pep:`560`" +msgstr ":pep:`560`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2732 +msgid "Core support for typing module and generic types." +msgstr "对 typing 模块和泛用类型的核心支持。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2736 +msgid "Determining the appropriate metaclass" +msgstr "确定适当的元类" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2740 +msgid "" +"The appropriate metaclass for a class definition is determined as follows:" +msgstr "为一个类定义确定适当的元类是根据以下规则:" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2742 +msgid "" +"if no bases and no explicit metaclass are given, then :func:`type` is used;" +msgstr "如果没有基类且没有显式指定元类，则使用 :func:`type`；" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2743 +msgid "" +"if an explicit metaclass is given and it is *not* an instance of " +":func:`type`, then it is used directly as the metaclass;" +msgstr "如果给出一个显式元类而且 *不是* :func:`type` 的实例，则其会被直接用作元类；" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2745 +msgid "" +"if an instance of :func:`type` is given as the explicit metaclass, or bases " +"are defined, then the most derived metaclass is used." +msgstr "如果给出一个 :func:`type` 的实例作为显式元类，或是定义了基类，则使用最近派生的元类。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2748 +msgid "" +"The most derived metaclass is selected from the explicitly specified " +"metaclass (if any) and the metaclasses (i.e. ``type(cls)``) of all specified" +" base classes. The most derived metaclass is one which is a subtype of *all*" +" of these candidate metaclasses. If none of the candidate metaclasses meets " +"that criterion, then the class definition will fail with ``TypeError``." +msgstr "" +"最近派生的元类会从显式指定的元类（如果有）以及所有指定的基类的元类（即 ``type(cls)``）中选取。最近派生的元类应为 *所有* " +"这些候选元类的一个子类型。如果没有一个候选元类符合该条件，则类定义将失败并抛出 ``TypeError``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2758 +msgid "Preparing the class namespace" +msgstr "准备类命名空间" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2763 +msgid "" +"Once the appropriate metaclass has been identified, then the class namespace" +" is prepared. If the metaclass has a ``__prepare__`` attribute, it is called" +" as ``namespace = metaclass.__prepare__(name, bases, **kwds)`` (where the " +"additional keyword arguments, if any, come from the class definition). The " +"``__prepare__`` method should be implemented as a :func:`classmethod " +"`. The namespace returned by ``__prepare__`` is passed in to " +"``__new__``, but when the final class object is created the namespace is " +"copied into a new ``dict``." +msgstr "" +"一旦确定了适当的元类，就开始准备类的命名空间。 如果元类具有 ``__prepare__`` 属性，它将以 ``namespace = " +"metaclass.__prepare__(name, bases, **kwds)`` " +"的形式被调用（其中如果存在任何额外关键字参数，则应来自类定义）。 ``__prepare__`` 方法应当被实现为 :func:`类方法 " +"`。 ``__prepare__`` 所返回的命名空间会被传入 " +"``__new__``，但是当最终的类对象被创建时该命名空间会被拷贝到一个新的 ``dict`` 中。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2772 +msgid "" +"If the metaclass has no ``__prepare__`` attribute, then the class namespace " +"is initialised as an empty ordered mapping." +msgstr "如果元类没有 ``__prepare__`` 属性，则类命名空间将初始化为一个空的有序映射。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2777 +msgid ":pep:`3115` - Metaclasses in Python 3000" +msgstr ":pep:`3115` - Python 3000 中的元类" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2778 +msgid "Introduced the ``__prepare__`` namespace hook" +msgstr "引入 ``__prepare__`` 命名空间钩子" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2782 +msgid "Executing the class body" +msgstr "执行类主体" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2787 +msgid "" +"The class body is executed (approximately) as ``exec(body, globals(), " +"namespace)``. The key difference from a normal call to :func:`exec` is that " +"lexical scoping allows the class body (including any methods) to reference " +"names from the current and outer scopes when the class definition occurs " +"inside a function." +msgstr "" +"类主体会以（类似于） ``exec(body, globals(), namespace)`` 的形式被执行。普通调用与 :func:`exec` " +"的关键区别在于当类定义发生于函数内部时，词法作用域允许类主体（包括任何方法）引用来自当前和外部作用域的名称。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2793 +msgid "" +"However, even when the class definition occurs inside the function, methods " +"defined inside the class still cannot see names defined at the class scope. " +"Class variables must be accessed through the first parameter of instance or " +"class methods, or through the implicit lexically scoped ``__class__`` " +"reference described in the next section." +msgstr "" +"但是，即使当类定义发生于函数内部时，在类内部定义的方法仍然无法看到在类作用域层次上定义的名称。类变量必须通过实例的第一个形参或类方法来访问，或者是通过下一节中描述的隐式词法作用域的" +" ``__class__`` 引用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2802 +msgid "Creating the class object" +msgstr "创建类对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2809 +msgid "" +"Once the class namespace has been populated by executing the class body, the" +" class object is created by calling ``metaclass(name, bases, namespace, " +"**kwds)`` (the additional keywords passed here are the same as those passed " +"to ``__prepare__``)." +msgstr "" +"一旦执行类主体完成填充类命名空间，将通过调用 ``metaclass(name, bases, namespace, **kwds)`` " +"创建类对象（此处的附加关键字参数与传入 ``__prepare__`` 的相同）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2814 +msgid "" +"This class object is the one that will be referenced by the zero-argument " +"form of :func:`super`. ``__class__`` is an implicit closure reference " +"created by the compiler if any methods in a class body refer to either " +"``__class__`` or ``super``. This allows the zero argument form of " +":func:`super` to correctly identify the class being defined based on lexical" +" scoping, while the class or instance that was used to make the current call" +" is identified based on the first argument passed to the method." +msgstr "" +"如果类主体中有任何方法引用了 ``__class__`` 或 ``super``，这个类对象会通过零参数形式的 :func:`super`. " +"``__class__`` 所引用，这是由编译器所创建的隐式闭包引用。这使用零参数形式的 :func:`super` " +"能够正确标识正在基于词法作用域来定义的类，而被用于进行当前调用的类或实例则是基于传递给方法的第一个参数来标识的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2824 +msgid "" +"In CPython 3.6 and later, the ``__class__`` cell is passed to the metaclass " +"as a ``__classcell__`` entry in the class namespace. If present, this must " +"be propagated up to the ``type.__new__`` call in order for the class to be " +"initialised correctly. Failing to do so will result in a :exc:`RuntimeError`" +" in Python 3.8." +msgstr "" +"在 CPython 3.6 及之后的版本中，``__class__`` 单元会作为类命名空间中的 ``__classcell__`` 条目被传给元类。 " +"如果存在，它必须被向上传播给 ``type.__new__`` 调用，以便能正确地初始化该类。 如果不这样做，在 Python 3.8 中将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2830 +msgid "" +"When using the default metaclass :class:`type`, or any metaclass that " +"ultimately calls ``type.__new__``, the following additional customization " +"steps are invoked after creating the class object:" +msgstr "" +"当使用默认的元类 :class:`type`，或者任何最终会调用 ``type.__new__`` " +"的元类时，以下额外的自定义步骤将在创建类对象之后被唤起：" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2834 +msgid "" +"The ``type.__new__`` method collects all of the attributes in the class " +"namespace that define a :meth:`~object.__set_name__` method;" +msgstr "``type.__new__`` 方法会收集类命名空间中所有定义了 :meth:`~object.__set_name__` 方法的属性;" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2836 +msgid "" +"Those ``__set_name__`` methods are called with the class being defined and " +"the assigned name of that particular attribute;" +msgstr "这些 ``__set_name__`` 方法将附带所定义的类和指定的属性所赋的名称进行调用;" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2838 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` hook is called on the immediate parent" +" of the new class in its method resolution order." +msgstr "在新类基于方法解析顺序所确定的直接父类上调用 :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` 钩子。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2841 +msgid "" +"After the class object is created, it is passed to the class decorators " +"included in the class definition (if any) and the resulting object is bound " +"in the local namespace as the defined class." +msgstr "在类对象创建之后，它会被传给包含在类定义中的类装饰器（如果有的话），得到的对象将作为已定义的类绑定到局部命名空间。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2845 +msgid "" +"When a new class is created by ``type.__new__``, the object provided as the " +"namespace parameter is copied to a new ordered mapping and the original " +"object is discarded. The new copy is wrapped in a read-only proxy, which " +"becomes the :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute of the class object." +msgstr "" +"当通过 ``type.__new__`` 创建新类时，作为命令空间形参提供的对象会被拷贝到一个新的有序映射并丢弃原始对象。 " +"这个新拷贝包装在一个只读代理中，该代理会成为类对象的 :attr:`~type.__dict__` 属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2852 +msgid ":pep:`3135` - New super" +msgstr ":pep:`3135` - 新的超类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2853 +msgid "Describes the implicit ``__class__`` closure reference" +msgstr "描述隐式的 ``__class__`` 闭包引用" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2857 +msgid "Uses for metaclasses" +msgstr "元类的作用" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2859 +msgid "" +"The potential uses for metaclasses are boundless. Some ideas that have been " +"explored include enum, logging, interface checking, automatic delegation, " +"automatic property creation, proxies, frameworks, and automatic resource " +"locking/synchronization." +msgstr "元类的潜在作用非常广泛。已经过尝试的设想包括枚举、日志、接口检查、自动委托、自动特征属性创建、代理、框架以及自动资源锁定/同步等等。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2866 +msgid "Customizing instance and subclass checks" +msgstr "自定义实例及子类检查" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2868 +msgid "" +"The following methods are used to override the default behavior of the " +":func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` built-in functions." +msgstr "以下方法被用来重载 :func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass` 内置函数的默认行为。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2871 +msgid "" +"In particular, the metaclass :class:`abc.ABCMeta` implements these methods " +"in order to allow the addition of Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) as \"virtual " +"base classes\" to any class or type (including built-in types), including " +"other ABCs." +msgstr "" +"特别地，元类 :class:`abc.ABCMeta` " +"实现了这些方法以便允许将抽象基类（ABC）作为“虚拟基类”添加到任何类或类型（包括内置类型），包括其他 ABC 之中。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2878 +msgid "" +"Return true if *instance* should be considered a (direct or indirect) " +"instance of *class*. If defined, called to implement ``isinstance(instance, " +"class)``." +msgstr "" +"如果 *instance* 应被视为 *class* 的一个（直接或间接）实例则返回真值。如果定义了此方法，则会被调用以实现 " +"``isinstance(instance, class)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2885 +msgid "" +"Return true if *subclass* should be considered a (direct or indirect) " +"subclass of *class*. If defined, called to implement ``issubclass(subclass," +" class)``." +msgstr "" +"Return true 如果 *subclass* 应被视为 *class* 的一个（直接或间接）子类则返回真值。如果定义了此方法，则会被调用以实现 " +"``issubclass(subclass, class)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2890 +msgid "" +"Note that these methods are looked up on the type (metaclass) of a class. " +"They cannot be defined as class methods in the actual class. This is " +"consistent with the lookup of special methods that are called on instances, " +"only in this case the instance is itself a class." +msgstr "" +"请注意这些方法的查找是基于类的类型（元类）。它们不能作为类方法在实际的类中被定义。这与基于实例被调用的特殊方法的查找是一致的，只有在此情况下实例本身被当作是类。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2897 +msgid ":pep:`3119` - Introducing Abstract Base Classes" +msgstr ":pep:`3119` - 引入抽象基类" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2898 +msgid "" +"Includes the specification for customizing :func:`isinstance` and " +":func:`issubclass` behavior through :meth:`~type.__instancecheck__` and " +":meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__`, with motivation for this functionality in " +"the context of adding Abstract Base Classes (see the :mod:`abc` module) to " +"the language." +msgstr "" +"包括通过 :meth:`~type.__instancecheck__` 和 :meth:`~type.__subclasscheck__` 来定制 " +":func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass` 行为的说明，加入此功能的动机是出于向语言添加抽象基类的场景（参见 " +":mod:`abc` 模块）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2906 +msgid "Emulating generic types" +msgstr "模拟泛型类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2908 +msgid "" +"When using :term:`type annotations`, it is often useful to " +"*parameterize* a :term:`generic type` using Python's square-brackets " +"notation. For example, the annotation ``list[int]`` might be used to signify" +" a :class:`list` in which all the elements are of type :class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"当使用 :term:`类型标注 ` 时，使用 Python 的方括号标记来 *形参化* 一个 :term:`generic " +"type` 往往会很有用处。 例如，``list[int]`` 这样的标注可以被用来表示一个 :class:`list` 中的所有元素均为 " +":class:`int` 类型。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2915 +msgid ":pep:`484` - Type Hints" +msgstr ":pep:`484` —— 类型注解" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2916 +msgid "Introducing Python's framework for type annotations" +msgstr "介绍 Python 中用于类型标注的框架" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2918 +msgid ":ref:`Generic Alias Types`" +msgstr ":ref:`泛用别名类型`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2919 +msgid "Documentation for objects representing parameterized generic classes" +msgstr "代表形参化泛用类的对象的文档" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2921 +msgid "" +":ref:`Generics`, :ref:`user-defined generics` and " +":class:`typing.Generic`" +msgstr "" +":ref:`Generics`, :ref:`用户自定义泛型 ` 和 " +":class:`typing.Generic`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2922 +msgid "" +"Documentation on how to implement generic classes that can be parameterized " +"at runtime and understood by static type-checkers." +msgstr "有关如何实现可在运行时被形参化并能被静态类型检查器所识别的泛用类的文档。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2925 +msgid "" +"A class can *generally* only be parameterized if it defines the special " +"class method ``__class_getitem__()``." +msgstr "一个类 *通常* 只有在定义了特殊的类方法 ``__class_getitem__()`` 时才能被形参化。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2930 +msgid "" +"Return an object representing the specialization of a generic class by type " +"arguments found in *key*." +msgstr "按照 *key* 参数指定的类型返回一个表示泛型类的专门化对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2933 +msgid "" +"When defined on a class, ``__class_getitem__()`` is automatically a class " +"method. As such, there is no need for it to be decorated with " +":func:`@classmethod` when it is defined." +msgstr "" +"当在类上定义时，``__class_getitem__()`` 会自动成为类方法。 因此，当它被定义时没有必要使用 " +":func:`@classmethod` 来装饰。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2939 +msgid "The purpose of *__class_getitem__*" +msgstr "*__class_getitem__* 的目的" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2941 +msgid "" +"The purpose of :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` is to allow runtime " +"parameterization of standard-library generic classes in order to more easily" +" apply :term:`type hints` to these classes." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 的目的是允许标准库泛型类的运行时形参化以更方便地对这些类应用 :term:`类型提示" +" `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2945 +msgid "" +"To implement custom generic classes that can be parameterized at runtime and" +" understood by static type-checkers, users should either inherit from a " +"standard library class that already implements " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`, or inherit from :class:`typing.Generic`, " +"which has its own implementation of ``__class_getitem__()``." +msgstr "" +"要实现可以在运行时被形参化并可被静态类型检查所理解的自定义泛型类，用户应当从已经实现了 " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 的标准库类继承，或是从 :class:`typing.Generic` " +"继承，这个类拥有自己的 ``__class_getitem__()`` 实现。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2951 +msgid "" +"Custom implementations of :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` on classes " +"defined outside of the standard library may not be understood by third-party" +" type-checkers such as mypy. Using ``__class_getitem__()`` on any class for " +"purposes other than type hinting is discouraged." +msgstr "" +"标准库以外的类上的 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 自定义实现可能无法被第三方类型检查器如 mypy 所理解。 " +"不建议在任何类上出于类型提示以外的目的使用 ``__class_getitem__()``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2961 +msgid "*__class_getitem__* versus *__getitem__*" +msgstr "*__class_getitem__* 与 *__getitem__*" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2963 +msgid "" +"Usually, the :ref:`subscription` of an object using square " +"brackets will call the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` instance method defined " +"on the object's class. However, if the object being subscribed is itself a " +"class, the class method :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` may be called " +"instead. ``__class_getitem__()`` should return a :ref:`GenericAlias` object if it is properly defined." +msgstr "" +"通常，使用方括号语法 :ref:`抽取 ` 一个对象将会调用在该对象的类上定义的 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 实例方法。 不过，如果被拟抽取的对象本身是一个类，则可能会调用 " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 类方法。 ``__class_getitem__()`` " +"如果被正确地定义，则应当返回一个 :ref:`GenericAlias` 对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2970 +msgid "" +"Presented with the :term:`expression` ``obj[x]``, the Python interpreter " +"follows something like the following process to decide whether " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` or :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` should be " +"called::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :term:`表达式 ` ``obj[x]`` 来呈现，Python 解释器会遵循下面这样的过程来确定应当调用 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 还是 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2975 +msgid "" +"from inspect import isclass\n" +"\n" +"def subscribe(obj, x):\n" +" \"\"\"Return the result of the expression 'obj[x]'\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" class_of_obj = type(obj)\n" +"\n" +" # If the class of obj defines __getitem__,\n" +" # call class_of_obj.__getitem__(obj, x)\n" +" if hasattr(class_of_obj, '__getitem__'):\n" +" return class_of_obj.__getitem__(obj, x)\n" +"\n" +" # Else, if obj is a class and defines __class_getitem__,\n" +" # call obj.__class_getitem__(x)\n" +" elif isclass(obj) and hasattr(obj, '__class_getitem__'):\n" +" return obj.__class_getitem__(x)\n" +"\n" +" # Else, raise an exception\n" +" else:\n" +" raise TypeError(\n" +" f\"'{class_of_obj.__name__}' object is not subscriptable\"\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"from inspect import isclass\n" +"\n" +"def subscribe(obj, x):\n" +" \"\"\"返回表达式 'obj[x]' 的结果\"\"\"\n" +"\n" +" class_of_obj = type(obj)\n" +"\n" +" # 如果 obj 所属的类定义了 __getitem__，\n" +" # 则调用 class_of_obj.__getitem__(obj, x)\n" +" if hasattr(class_of_obj, '__getitem__'):\n" +" return class_of_obj.__getitem__(obj, x)\n" +"\n" +" # 否则，如果 obj 是一个类并且定义了 __class_getitem__，\n" +" # 则调用 obj.__class_getitem__(x)\n" +" elif isclass(obj) and hasattr(obj, '__class_getitem__'):\n" +" return obj.__class_getitem__(x)\n" +"\n" +" # 否则，引发一个异常\n" +" else:\n" +" raise TypeError(\n" +" f\"'{class_of_obj.__name__}' object is not subscriptable\"\n" +" )" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2998 +msgid "" +"In Python, all classes are themselves instances of other classes. The class " +"of a class is known as that class's :term:`metaclass`, and most classes have" +" the :class:`type` class as their metaclass. :class:`type` does not define " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`, meaning that expressions such as ``list[int]``," +" ``dict[str, float]`` and ``tuple[str, bytes]`` all result in " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` being called::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 中，所有的类自身也是其他类的实例。 一个类所属的类被称为该类的 :term:`metaclass`，并且大多数类都将 " +":class:`type` 类作为它们的元类。 :class:`type` 没有定义 :meth:`~object.__getitem__`，这意味着 " +"``list[int]``, ``dict[str, float]`` 和 ``tuple[str, bytes]`` 这样的表达式都将导致 " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 被调用::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3005 +msgid "" +">>> # list has class \"type\" as its metaclass, like most classes:\n" +">>> type(list)\n" +"\n" +">>> type(dict) == type(list) == type(tuple) == type(str) == type(bytes)\n" +"True\n" +">>> # \"list[int]\" calls \"list.__class_getitem__(int)\"\n" +">>> list[int]\n" +"list[int]\n" +">>> # list.__class_getitem__ returns a GenericAlias object:\n" +">>> type(list[int])\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> # list 以 \"type\" 类作为其元类，与大多数类一样：\n" +">>> type(list)\n" +"\n" +">>> type(dict) == type(list) == type(tuple) == type(str) == type(bytes)\n" +"True\n" +">>> # \"list[int]\" 将调用 \"list.__class_getitem__(int)\"\n" +">>> list[int]\n" +"list[int]\n" +">>> # list.__class_getitem__ 将返回一个 GenericAlias 对象：\n" +">>> type(list[int])\n" +"" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3017 +msgid "" +"However, if a class has a custom metaclass that defines " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`, subscribing the class may result in different " +"behaviour. An example of this can be found in the :mod:`enum` module::" +msgstr "" +"然而，如果一个类属于定义了 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 的自定义元类，则抽取该类可能导致不同的行为。 这方面的一个例子可以在" +" :mod:`enum` 模块中找到::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3021 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class Menu(Enum):\n" +"... \"\"\"A breakfast menu\"\"\"\n" +"... SPAM = 'spam'\n" +"... BACON = 'bacon'\n" +"...\n" +">>> # Enum classes have a custom metaclass:\n" +">>> type(Menu)\n" +"\n" +">>> # EnumMeta defines __getitem__,\n" +">>> # so __class_getitem__ is not called,\n" +">>> # and the result is not a GenericAlias object:\n" +">>> Menu['SPAM']\n" +"\n" +">>> type(Menu['SPAM'])\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum\n" +">>> class Menu(Enum):\n" +"... \"\"\"A breakfast menu\"\"\"\n" +"... SPAM = 'spam'\n" +"... BACON = 'bacon'\n" +"...\n" +">>> # 枚举类有一个自定义元类：\n" +">>> type(Menu)\n" +"\n" +">>> # EnumMeta 定义了 __getitem__，\n" +">>> # 因此 __class_getitem__ 不会被调用，\n" +">>> # 并且结果不是一个 GenericAlias 对象：\n" +">>> Menu['SPAM']\n" +"\n" +">>> type(Menu['SPAM'])\n" +"" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3040 +msgid ":pep:`560` - Core Support for typing module and generic types" +msgstr ":pep:`560` - 对 typing 模块和泛型的核心支持" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3041 +msgid "" +"Introducing :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`, and outlining when a " +":ref:`subscription` results in ``__class_getitem__()`` being " +"called instead of :meth:`~object.__getitem__`" +msgstr "" +"介绍 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`，并指明 :ref:`抽取 ` 在何时会导致 " +"``__class_getitem__()`` 而不是 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 被调用" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3049 +msgid "Emulating callable objects" +msgstr "模拟可调用对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3056 +msgid "" +"Called when the instance is \"called\" as a function; if this method is " +"defined, ``x(arg1, arg2, ...)`` roughly translates to ``type(x).__call__(x, " +"arg1, ...)``. The :class:`object` class itself does not provide this method." +msgstr "" +"此方法会在实例作为一个函数被“调用”时被调用；如果定义了此方法，则 ``x(arg1, arg2, ...)`` 大致可以被转写为 " +"``type(x).__call__(x, arg1, ...)``。 :class:`object` 类本身没有提供此方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3064 +msgid "Emulating container types" +msgstr "模拟容器类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3066 +msgid "" +"The following methods can be defined to implement container objects. None of" +" them are provided by the :class:`object` class itself. Containers usually " +"are :term:`sequences ` (such as :class:`lists ` or " +":class:`tuples `) or :term:`mappings ` (like " +":term:`dictionaries `), but can represent other containers as " +"well. The first set of methods is used either to emulate a sequence or to " +"emulate a mapping; the difference is that for a sequence, the allowable keys" +" should be the integers *k* for which ``0 <= k < N`` where *N* is the length" +" of the sequence, or :class:`slice` objects, which define a range of items." +" It is also recommended that mappings provide the methods :meth:`!keys`, " +":meth:`!values`, :meth:`!items`, :meth:`!get`, :meth:`!clear`, " +":meth:`!setdefault`, :meth:`!pop`, :meth:`!popitem`, :meth:`!copy`, and " +":meth:`!update` behaving similar to those for Python's standard " +":class:`dictionary ` objects. The :mod:`collections.abc` module " +"provides a :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` :term:`abstract base " +"class` to help create those methods from a base set of " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`, :meth:`~object.__setitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__delitem__`, and :meth:`!keys`. Mutable sequences should " +"provide methods :meth:`!append`, :meth:`!count`, :meth:`!index`, " +":meth:`!extend`, :meth:`!insert`, :meth:`!pop`, :meth:`!remove`, " +":meth:`!reverse` and :meth:`!sort`, like Python standard :class:`list` " +"objects. Finally, sequence types should implement addition (meaning " +"concatenation) and multiplication (meaning repetition) by defining the " +"methods :meth:`~object.__add__`, :meth:`~object.__radd__`, " +":meth:`~object.__iadd__`, :meth:`~object.__mul__`, :meth:`~object.__rmul__` " +"and :meth:`~object.__imul__` described below; they should not define other " +"numerical operators. It is recommended that both mappings and sequences " +"implement the :meth:`~object.__contains__` method to allow efficient use of " +"the ``in`` operator; for mappings, ``in`` should search the mapping's keys; " +"for sequences, it should search through the values. It is further " +"recommended that both mappings and sequences implement the " +":meth:`~object.__iter__` method to allow efficient iteration through the " +"container; for mappings, :meth:`!__iter__` should iterate through the " +"object's keys; for sequences, it should iterate through the values." +msgstr "" +"可以定义下列方法来实现容器对象。 :class:`object` 类本身没有提供它们。 容器通常是 :term:`序列 ` (如 " +":class:`列表 ` 或 :class:`元组 `) 或者 :term:`映射 ` (如 " +":term:`字典 `)，但也存在其他的容器表示形式。 " +"前面的一组方法被用来模拟序列或模拟映射；两者的区别在于序列所允许的键应为整数 *k* 且 ``0 <= k < N`` 其中 *N* " +"为整个序列或者定义条目范围的 :class:`slice` 对象的长度。 此外还建议让映射提供 :meth:`!keys`, " +":meth:`!values`, :meth:`!items`, :meth:`!get`, :meth:`!clear`, " +":meth:`!setdefault`, :meth:`!pop`, :meth:`!popitem`, :meth:`!copy` 以及 " +":meth:`!update` 等方法，它们的行为应与 Python 的标准 :class:`字典 ` 对象的类似。 " +":mod:`collections.abc` 模块提供了一个 :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` " +":term:`abstract base class` 以根据由 :meth:`~object.__getitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__setitem__`, :meth:`~object.__delitem__` 和 :meth:`!keys` " +"组成的基本集来创建这些方法。 可变序列应当提供 :meth:`!append`, :meth:`!count`, :meth:`!index`, " +":meth:`!extend`, :meth:`!insert`, :meth:`!pop`, :meth:`!remove`, " +":meth:`!reverse` 和 :meth:`!sort` 等方法，就像 Python 标准 :class:`list` 对象那样。 " +"最后，序列类型还应当通过定义下文描述的 :meth:`~object.__add__`, :meth:`~object.__radd__`, " +":meth:`~object.__iadd__`, :meth:`~object.__mul__`, :meth:`~object.__rmul__` " +"和 :meth:`~object.__imul__` 等方法来实现加法（即拼接）和乘法（即重复）；它们不应定义其他数值运算符。 " +"此外还建议映射和序列都实现 :meth:`~object.__contains__` 方法以允许高效地使用 ``in`` 运算符；对于映射，``in``" +" 应当搜索映射的键；对于序列，则应当搜索其中的值。 另外还建议映射和序列都实现 :meth:`~object.__iter__` " +"方法以允许高效地迭代容器；对于映射，:meth:`!__iter__` 应当迭代对象的键；对于序列，则应当迭代其中的值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3108 +msgid "" +"Called to implement the built-in function :func:`len`. Should return the " +"length of the object, an integer ``>=`` 0. Also, an object that doesn't " +"define a :meth:`~object.__bool__` method and whose :meth:`!__len__` method " +"returns zero is considered to be false in a Boolean context." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现内置函数 :func:`len`。 应该返回对象的长度，以一个 ``>=`` 0 的整数表示。 此外，如果一个对象未定义 " +":meth:`~object.__bool__` 方法而其 :meth:`!__len__` 方法返回值为零则它在布尔运算中将被视为具有假值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3115 +msgid "" +"In CPython, the length is required to be at most :data:`sys.maxsize`. If the" +" length is larger than :data:`!sys.maxsize` some features (such as " +":func:`len`) may raise :exc:`OverflowError`. To prevent raising " +":exc:`!OverflowError` by truth value testing, an object must define a " +":meth:`~object.__bool__` method." +msgstr "" +"在 CPython 中，要求长度最大只能为 :data:`sys.maxsize`。 如果长度大于 :data:`!sys.maxsize` 则某些特性" +" (如 :func:`len`) 可能会引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。 要防止真值测试引发 " +":exc:`!OverflowError`，对象必须定义 :meth:`~object.__bool__` 方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3124 +msgid "" +"Called to implement :func:`operator.length_hint`. Should return an estimated" +" length for the object (which may be greater or less than the actual " +"length). The length must be an integer ``>=`` 0. The return value may also " +"be :data:`NotImplemented`, which is treated the same as if the " +"``__length_hint__`` method didn't exist at all. This method is purely an " +"optimization and is never required for correctness." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现 :func:`operator.length_hint`。 应该返回对象长度的估计值（可能大于或小于实际长度）。 此长度应为一个 " +"``>=`` 0 的整数。 返回值也可以为 :data:`NotImplemented` ，这会被视作与 ``__length_hint__`` " +"方法完全不存在时一样处理。 此方法纯粹是为了优化性能，并不要求正确无误。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3138 +msgid "" +"Slicing is done exclusively with the following three methods. A call like " +"::" +msgstr "切片是通过下述三个专门方法完成的。以下形式的调用 ::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3140 +msgid "a[1:2] = b" +msgstr "a[1:2] = b" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3142 +msgid "is translated to ::" +msgstr "会为转写为 ::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3144 +msgid "a[slice(1, 2, None)] = b" +msgstr "a[slice(1, 2, None)] = b" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3146 +msgid "and so forth. Missing slice items are always filled in with ``None``." +msgstr "其他形式以此类推。略去的切片项总是以 ``None`` 补全。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3151 +msgid "" +"Called to implement evaluation of ``self[key]``. For :term:`sequence` types," +" the accepted keys should be integers. Optionally, they may support " +":class:`slice` objects as well. Negative index support is also optional. If" +" *key* is of an inappropriate type, :exc:`TypeError` may be raised; if *key*" +" is a value outside the set of indexes for the sequence (after any special " +"interpretation of negative values), :exc:`IndexError` should be raised. For " +":term:`mapping` types, if *key* is missing (not in the container), " +":exc:`KeyError` should be raised." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现 ``self[key]`` 的求值。 对于 :term:`sequence` 类型，接受的键应为整数。 作为可选项，它们也可能支持 " +":class:`slice` 对象。 对负数索引的支持也是可选项。 如果 *key* 的类型不正确，则可能引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 如果" +" *key* 为序列索引集合范围以外的值（在进行任何负数索引的特殊解读之后），则应当引发 :exc:`IndexError`。 对于 " +":term:`mapping` 类型，如果 *key* 找不到（不在容器中），则应当引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3163 +msgid "" +":keyword:`for` loops expect that an :exc:`IndexError` will be raised for " +"illegal indexes to allow proper detection of the end of the sequence." +msgstr ":keyword:`for` 循环在有不合法索引时会期待捕获 :exc:`IndexError` 以便正确地检测到序列的结束。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3168 +msgid "" +"When :ref:`subscripting` a *class*, the special class method " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` may be called instead of " +"``__getitem__()``. See :ref:`classgetitem-versus-getitem` for more details." +msgstr "" +"当 :ref:`抽取 ` 一个 *class* 时，可能会调用特殊类方法 " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 而不是 ``__getitem__()``。 请参阅 " +":ref:`classgetitem-versus-getitem` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3176 +msgid "" +"Called to implement assignment to ``self[key]``. Same note as for " +":meth:`__getitem__`. This should only be implemented for mappings if the " +"objects support changes to the values for keys, or if new keys can be added," +" or for sequences if elements can be replaced. The same exceptions should " +"be raised for improper *key* values as for the :meth:`__getitem__` method." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现向 ``self[key]`` 赋值。注意事项与 :meth:`__getitem__` " +"相同。为对象实现此方法应该仅限于需要映射允许基于键修改值或添加键，或是序列允许元素被替换时。不正确的 *key* 值所引发的异常应与 " +":meth:`__getitem__` 方法的情况相同。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3185 +msgid "" +"Called to implement deletion of ``self[key]``. Same note as for " +":meth:`__getitem__`. This should only be implemented for mappings if the " +"objects support removal of keys, or for sequences if elements can be removed" +" from the sequence. The same exceptions should be raised for improper *key*" +" values as for the :meth:`__getitem__` method." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现 ``self[key]`` 的删除。注意事项与 :meth:`__getitem__` " +"相同。为对象实现此方法应该权限于需要映射允许移除键，或是序列允许移除元素时。不正确的 *key* 值所引发的异常应与 " +":meth:`__getitem__` 方法的情况相同。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3194 +msgid "" +"Called by :class:`dict`\\ .\\ :meth:`__getitem__` to implement ``self[key]``" +" for dict subclasses when key is not in the dictionary." +msgstr "" +"此方法由 :class:`dict`\\ .\\ :meth:`__getitem__` 在找不到字典中的键时调用以实现 dict 子类的 " +"``self[key]``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3200 +msgid "" +"This method is called when an :term:`iterator` is required for a container. " +"This method should return a new iterator object that can iterate over all " +"the objects in the container. For mappings, it should iterate over the keys" +" of the container." +msgstr "" +"此方法会在需要为一个容器创建 :term:`iterator` 时被调用。 此方法应当返回一个新的迭代器对象，它可以对容器中的所有对象执行迭代。 " +"对于映射，它应当对窗口中的键执行迭代。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3208 +msgid "" +"Called (if present) by the :func:`reversed` built-in to implement reverse " +"iteration. It should return a new iterator object that iterates over all " +"the objects in the container in reverse order." +msgstr "" +"此方法（如果存在）会被 :func:`reversed` 内置函数调用以实现逆向迭代。它应当返回一个新的以逆序逐个迭代容器内所有对象的迭代器对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3212 +msgid "" +"If the :meth:`__reversed__` method is not provided, the :func:`reversed` " +"built-in will fall back to using the sequence protocol (:meth:`__len__` and " +":meth:`__getitem__`). Objects that support the sequence protocol should " +"only provide :meth:`__reversed__` if they can provide an implementation that" +" is more efficient than the one provided by :func:`reversed`." +msgstr "" +"如果未提供 :meth:`__reversed__` 方法，则 :func:`reversed` 内置函数将回退到使用序列协议 " +"(:meth:`__len__` 和 :meth:`__getitem__`)。支持序列协议的对象应当仅在能够提供比 :func:`reversed` " +"所提供的实现更高效的实现时才提供 :meth:`__reversed__` 方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3219 +msgid "" +"The membership test operators (:keyword:`in` and :keyword:`not in`) are " +"normally implemented as an iteration through a container. However, container" +" objects can supply the following special method with a more efficient " +"implementation, which also does not require the object be iterable." +msgstr "" +"成员检测运算符 (:keyword:`in` 和 :keyword:`not in`) 通常以对容器进行逐个迭代的方式来实现。 " +"不过，容器对象可以提供以下特殊方法并采用更有效率的实现，这样也不要求对象必须为可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3226 +msgid "" +"Called to implement membership test operators. Should return true if *item*" +" is in *self*, false otherwise. For mapping objects, this should consider " +"the keys of the mapping rather than the values or the key-item pairs." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现成员检测运算符。如果 *item* 是 *self* " +"的成员则应返回真，否则返回假。对于映射类型，此检测应基于映射的键而不是值或者键值对。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3230 +msgid "" +"For objects that don't define :meth:`__contains__`, the membership test " +"first tries iteration via :meth:`__iter__`, then the old sequence iteration " +"protocol via :meth:`__getitem__`, see :ref:`this section in the language " +"reference `." +msgstr "" +"对于未定义 :meth:`__contains__` 的对象，成员检测将首先尝试通过 :meth:`__iter__` 进行迭代，然后再使用 " +":meth:`__getitem__` 的旧式序列迭代协议，参看 :ref:`语言参考中的相应部分 `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3239 +msgid "Emulating numeric types" +msgstr "模拟数字类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3241 +msgid "" +"The following methods can be defined to emulate numeric objects. Methods " +"corresponding to operations that are not supported by the particular kind of" +" number implemented (e.g., bitwise operations for non-integral numbers) " +"should be left undefined." +msgstr "定义以下方法即可模拟数字类型。特定种类的数字不支持的运算（例如非整数不能进行位运算）所对应的方法应当保持未定义状态。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3267 +msgid "" +"These methods are called to implement the binary arithmetic operations " +"(``+``, ``-``, ``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``, :func:`divmod`, " +":func:`pow`, ``**``, ``<<``, ``>>``, ``&``, ``^``, ``|``). For instance, to" +" evaluate the expression ``x + y``, where *x* is an instance of a class that" +" has an :meth:`__add__` method, ``type(x).__add__(x, y)`` is called. The " +":meth:`__divmod__` method should be the equivalent to using " +":meth:`__floordiv__` and :meth:`__mod__`; it should not be related to " +":meth:`__truediv__`. Note that :meth:`__pow__` should be defined to accept " +"an optional third argument if the ternary version of the built-in " +":func:`pow` function is to be supported." +msgstr "" +"调用这些方法来实现双目算术运算 (``+``, ``-``, ``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``, " +":func:`divmod`, :func:`pow`, ``**``, ``<<``, ``>>``, ``&``, ``^``, ``|``)。 " +"例如，求表达式 ``x + y`` 的值，其中 *x* 是具有 :meth:`__add__` 方法的类的一个实例，则会调用 " +"``type(x).__add__(x, y)``。 :meth:`__divmod__` 方法应该等价于使用 :meth:`__floordiv__`" +" 和 :meth:`__mod__`；它不应该被关联到 :meth:`__truediv__`。 请注意如果要支持三目版本的内置 :func:`pow`" +" 函数则 :meth:`__pow__` 应当被定义为接受可选的第三个参数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3278 +msgid "" +"If one of those methods does not support the operation with the supplied " +"arguments, it should return :data:`NotImplemented`." +msgstr "如果这些方法中的某一个不支持与所提供参数进行运算，它应该返回 :data:`NotImplemented` 。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3301 +msgid "" +"These methods are called to implement the binary arithmetic operations " +"(``+``, ``-``, ``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``, :func:`divmod`, " +":func:`pow`, ``**``, ``<<``, ``>>``, ``&``, ``^``, ``|``) with reflected " +"(swapped) operands. These functions are only called if the left operand " +"does not support the corresponding operation [#]_ and the operands are of " +"different types. [#]_ For instance, to evaluate the expression ``x - y``, " +"where *y* is an instance of a class that has an :meth:`__rsub__` method, " +"``type(y).__rsub__(y, x)`` is called if ``type(x).__sub__(x, y)`` returns " +":data:`NotImplemented`." +msgstr "" +"调用这些方法来实现具有反射（交换）操作数的双目算术运算 ( ``+``, ``- ``, ``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, " +"``%``, :func:`divmod`, :func:`pow`, ``**``, ``<<``, ``>>``, ``&``, ``^``, " +"``|``)。 这些函数仅会在左操作数不支持相应运算 [#]_ 且两个操作数类型不同时被调用。 [#]_ 例 如，求表达式 ``x - y`` " +"的值，其中 *y* 是具有 :meth:`__rsub__` 方法的类的一个实例，则当 ``type(x).__sub__(x, y)`` 返回 " +":data:`NotImplemented` 时将会调用 ``type(y).__rsub__(y, x)``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3313 +msgid "" +"Note that ternary :func:`pow` will not try calling :meth:`__rpow__` (the " +"coercion rules would become too complicated)." +msgstr "请注意三元版的 :func:`pow` 并不会尝试调用 :meth:`__rpow__` (因为强制转换规则会太过复杂)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3318 +msgid "" +"If the right operand's type is a subclass of the left operand's type and " +"that subclass provides a different implementation of the reflected method " +"for the operation, this method will be called before the left operand's non-" +"reflected method. This behavior allows subclasses to override their " +"ancestors' operations." +msgstr "" +"如果右操作数类型为左操作数类型的一个子类，且该子类提供了指定运算的反射方法，则此方法将先于左操作数的非反射方法被调用。 " +"此行为可允许子类重载其祖先类的运算符。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3339 +msgid "" +"These methods are called to implement the augmented arithmetic assignments " +"(``+=``, ``-=``, ``*=``, ``@=``, ``/=``, ``//=``, ``%=``, ``**=``, ``<<=``, " +"``>>=``, ``&=``, ``^=``, ``|=``). These methods should attempt to do the " +"operation in-place (modifying *self*) and return the result (which could be," +" but does not have to be, *self*). If a specific method is not defined, or " +"if that method returns :data:`NotImplemented`, the augmented assignment " +"falls back to the normal methods. For instance, if *x* is an instance of a " +"class with an :meth:`__iadd__` method, ``x += y`` is equivalent to ``x = " +"x.__iadd__(y)`` . If :meth:`__iadd__` does not exist, or if " +"``x.__iadd__(y)`` returns :data:`!NotImplemented`, ``x.__add__(y)`` and " +"``y.__radd__(x)`` are considered, as with the evaluation of ``x + y``. In " +"certain situations, augmented assignment can result in unexpected errors " +"(see :ref:`faq-augmented-assignment-tuple-error`), but this behavior is in " +"fact part of the data model." +msgstr "" +"调用这些方法来实现增强算术赋值 (``+=``, ``-=``, ``*=``, ``@=``, ``/=``, ``//=``, ``%=``, " +"``**=``, ``<<=``, ``>>=``, ``&=``, ``^=``, ``|=``)。 这些方法应当尝试原地执行操作 (对 *self*" +" 进行修改) 并返回结果 (结果可以为 *self* 但这并非必须)。 如果某个方法未被定义，或者如果该方法返回 " +":data:`NotImplemented`，则相应的增强赋值将回退到普通方法。 举例来说，如果 *x* 是一个具有 :meth:`__iadd__` " +"方法的类的实例，则 ``x += y`` 就等价于 ``x = x.__iadd__(y)``。 如果 :meth:`__iadd__` " +"不存在，或者如果 ``x.__iadd__(y)`` 返回 :data:`!NotImplemented`，则将使用 ``x.__add__(y)`` " +"和 ``y.__radd__(x)``，如同对 ``x + y`` 求值一样。 在某些情况下，增强赋值可能导致未预期的错误 (参见 :ref:`faq-" +"augmented-assignment-tuple-error`)，但此行为实际上是数据模型的一部分。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3362 +msgid "" +"Called to implement the unary arithmetic operations (``-``, ``+``, " +":func:`abs` and ``~``)." +msgstr "调用此方法以实现一元算术运算 (``-``, ``+``, :func:`abs` 和 ``~``)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3375 +msgid "" +"Called to implement the built-in functions :func:`complex`, :func:`int` and " +":func:`float`. Should return a value of the appropriate type." +msgstr "" +"调用这些方法以实现内置函数 :func:`complex`, :func:`int` 和 :func:`float`。应当返回一个相应类型的值。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3382 +msgid "" +"Called to implement :func:`operator.index`, and whenever Python needs to " +"losslessly convert the numeric object to an integer object (such as in " +"slicing, or in the built-in :func:`bin`, :func:`hex` and :func:`oct` " +"functions). Presence of this method indicates that the numeric object is an " +"integer type. Must return an integer." +msgstr "" +"调用此方法以实现 :func:`operator.index` 以及 Python 需要无损地将数字对象转换为整数对象的场合（例如切片或是内置的 " +":func:`bin`, :func:`hex` 和 :func:`oct` 函数)。 存在此方法表明数字对象属于整数类型。 必须返回一个整数。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3388 +msgid "" +"If :meth:`__int__`, :meth:`__float__` and :meth:`__complex__` are not " +"defined then corresponding built-in functions :func:`int`, :func:`float` and" +" :func:`complex` fall back to :meth:`__index__`." +msgstr "" +"如果未定义 :meth:`__int__`, :meth:`__float__` 和 :meth:`__complex__` 则相应的内置函数 " +":func:`int`, :func:`float` 和 :func:`complex` 将回退为 :meth:`__index__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3400 +msgid "" +"Called to implement the built-in function :func:`round` and :mod:`math` " +"functions :func:`~math.trunc`, :func:`~math.floor` and :func:`~math.ceil`. " +"Unless *ndigits* is passed to :meth:`!__round__` all these methods should " +"return the value of the object truncated to an :class:`~numbers.Integral` " +"(typically an :class:`int`)." +msgstr "" +"调用这些方法以实现内置函数 :func:`round` 以及 :mod:`math` 函数 :func:`~math.trunc`, " +":func:`~math.floor` 和 :func:`~math.ceil`。 除了将 *ndigits* 传给 " +":meth:`!__round__` 的情况之外这些方法的返回值都应当是原对象截断为 :class:`~numbers.Integral` (通常为 " +":class:`int`)。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3406 +msgid "" +"The built-in function :func:`int` falls back to :meth:`__trunc__` if neither" +" :meth:`__int__` nor :meth:`__index__` is defined." +msgstr "" +"如果 :meth:`__int__` 或 :meth:`__index__` 均未被定义则内置函数 :func:`int` 会回退至 " +":meth:`__trunc__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3409 +msgid "The delegation of :func:`int` to :meth:`__trunc__` is deprecated." +msgstr "将 :func:`int` 委托给 :meth:`__trunc__` 的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3416 +msgid "With Statement Context Managers" +msgstr "with 语句上下文管理器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3418 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`context manager` is an object that defines the runtime context to be" +" established when executing a :keyword:`with` statement. The context manager" +" handles the entry into, and the exit from, the desired runtime context for " +"the execution of the block of code. Context managers are normally invoked " +"using the :keyword:`!with` statement (described in section :ref:`with`), but" +" can also be used by directly invoking their methods." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`上下文管理器` 是一个对象，它定义了在执行 :keyword:`with` 语句时要建立的运行时上下文。 " +"上下文管理器处理进入和退出所需运行时上下文以执行代码块。 通常使用 :keyword:`!with` 语句（在 :ref:`with` " +"中描述），但是也可以通过直接调用它们的方法来使用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3429 +msgid "" +"Typical uses of context managers include saving and restoring various kinds " +"of global state, locking and unlocking resources, closing opened files, etc." +msgstr "上下文管理器的典型用法包括保存和恢复各种全局状态，锁定和解锁资源，关闭打开的文件等等。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3432 +msgid "" +"For more information on context managers, see :ref:`typecontextmanager`. The" +" :class:`object` class itself does not provide the context manager methods." +msgstr "" +"有关上下文管理器的更多信息，请参阅 :ref:`typecontextmanager`。 :class:`object` 类本身不提供上下文管理器方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3438 +msgid "" +"Enter the runtime context related to this object. The :keyword:`with` " +"statement will bind this method's return value to the target(s) specified in" +" the :keyword:`!as` clause of the statement, if any." +msgstr "" +"进入与此对象相关的运行时上下文。 :keyword:`with` 语句将会绑定这个方法的返回值到 :keyword:`!as` " +"子句中指定的目标，如果有的话。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3445 +msgid "" +"Exit the runtime context related to this object. The parameters describe the" +" exception that caused the context to be exited. If the context was exited " +"without an exception, all three arguments will be :const:`None`." +msgstr "" +"退出关联到此对象的运行时上下文。 各个参数描述了导致上下文退出的异常。 如果上下文是无异常地退出的，三个参数都将为 :const:`None`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3449 +msgid "" +"If an exception is supplied, and the method wishes to suppress the exception" +" (i.e., prevent it from being propagated), it should return a true value. " +"Otherwise, the exception will be processed normally upon exit from this " +"method." +msgstr "如果提供了异常，并且希望方法屏蔽此异常（即避免其被传播），则应当返回真值。 否则的话，异常将在退出此方法时按正常流程处理。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3453 +msgid "" +"Note that :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods should not reraise the passed-in " +"exception; this is the caller's responsibility." +msgstr "请注意 :meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法不应该重新引发被传入的异常，这是调用者的责任。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3459 +msgid ":pep:`343` - The \"with\" statement" +msgstr ":pep:`343` - \"with\" 语句" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3460 +msgid "" +"The specification, background, and examples for the Python :keyword:`with` " +"statement." +msgstr "Python :keyword:`with` 语句的规范描述、背景和示例。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3467 +msgid "Customizing positional arguments in class pattern matching" +msgstr "定制类模式匹配中的位置参数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3469 +msgid "" +"When using a class name in a pattern, positional arguments in the pattern " +"are not allowed by default, i.e. ``case MyClass(x, y)`` is typically invalid" +" without special support in ``MyClass``. To be able to use that kind of " +"pattern, the class needs to define a *__match_args__* attribute." +msgstr "" +"当在模式中使用类名称时，默认不允许模式中出现位置参数，例如在 ``MyClass`` 没有特别支持的情况下 ``case MyClass(x, y)``" +" 通常是无效的。 要能使用这样的模式，类必须定义一个 *__match_args__* 属性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3476 +msgid "" +"This class variable can be assigned a tuple of strings. When this class is " +"used in a class pattern with positional arguments, each positional argument " +"will be converted into a keyword argument, using the corresponding value in " +"*__match_args__* as the keyword. The absence of this attribute is equivalent" +" to setting it to ``()``." +msgstr "" +"该类变量可以被赋值为一个字符串元组。 当该类被用于带位置参数的类模式时，每个位置参数都将被转换为关键字参数，并使用 *__match_args__* " +"中的对应值作为关键字。 缺失此属性就等价于将其设为 ``()``。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3482 +msgid "" +"For example, if ``MyClass.__match_args__`` is ``(\"left\", \"center\", " +"\"right\")`` that means that ``case MyClass(x, y)`` is equivalent to ``case " +"MyClass(left=x, center=y)``. Note that the number of arguments in the " +"pattern must be smaller than or equal to the number of elements in " +"*__match_args__*; if it is larger, the pattern match attempt will raise a " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"举例来说，如果 ``MyClass.__match_args__`` 为 ``(\"left\", \"center\", \"right\")`` " +"则意味着 ``case MyClass(x, y)`` 就等价于 ``case MyClass(left=x, center=y)``。 " +"请注意模式中参数的数量必须小于等于 *__match_args__* 中元素的数量；如果前者大于后者，则尝试模式匹配时将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3492 +msgid ":pep:`634` - Structural Pattern Matching" +msgstr ":pep:`634` - 结构化模式匹配" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3493 +msgid "The specification for the Python ``match`` statement." +msgstr "有关 Python ``match`` 语句的规范说明。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3499 +msgid "Emulating buffer types" +msgstr "模拟缓冲区类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3501 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`buffer protocol ` provides a way for Python objects" +" to expose efficient access to a low-level memory array. This protocol is " +"implemented by builtin types such as :class:`bytes` and :class:`memoryview`," +" and third-party libraries may define additional buffer types." +msgstr "" +":ref:`缓冲区协议 ` 为 Python 对象提供了一种向低层级内存数组暴露高效访问的方式。 该协议是通过内置类型如 " +":class:`bytes` 和 :class:`memoryview` 实现的，还可能由第三方库定义额外的缓冲区类型。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3506 +msgid "" +"While buffer types are usually implemented in C, it is also possible to " +"implement the protocol in Python." +msgstr "虽然缓冲区类型通常都是用 C 实现的，但用 Python 来实现该协议也是可能的。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3511 +msgid "" +"Called when a buffer is requested from *self* (for example, by the " +":class:`memoryview` constructor). The *flags* argument is an integer " +"representing the kind of buffer requested, affecting for example whether the" +" returned buffer is read-only or writable. :class:`inspect.BufferFlags` " +"provides a convenient way to interpret the flags. The method must return a " +":class:`memoryview` object." +msgstr "" +"当从 *self* 请求一个缓冲区时将被调用（例如，从 :class:`memoryview` 构造器）。 *flags* " +"参数是代表所请求缓冲区的类别的整数，例如这会影响返回的缓冲区是只读还是可写。 :class:`inspect.BufferFlags` " +"提供了解读旗标的便利方式。 此方法必须返回一个 :class:`memoryview` 对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3520 +msgid "" +"Called when a buffer is no longer needed. The *buffer* argument is a " +":class:`memoryview` object that was previously returned by " +":meth:`~object.__buffer__`. The method must release any resources associated" +" with the buffer. This method should return ``None``. Buffer objects that do" +" not need to perform any cleanup are not required to implement this method." +msgstr "" +"当一个缓冲区不再需要时将被调用。 *buffer* 参数是在此之前由 :meth:`~object.__buffer__` 返回的 " +":class:`memoryview` 对象。 此方法必须释放任何关联到该缓冲区的资源。 此方法应当返回 ``None``。 " +"不需要执行任何清理的缓冲区对象不要求实现此方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3531 +msgid ":pep:`688` - Making the buffer protocol accessible in Python" +msgstr ":pep:`688` - 使缓冲区协议在 Python 中可访问" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3532 +msgid "" +"Introduces the Python ``__buffer__`` and ``__release_buffer__`` methods." +msgstr "引入 Python ``__buffer__`` 和 ``__release_buffer__`` 方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3534 +msgid ":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`" +msgstr ":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3535 +msgid "ABC for buffer types." +msgstr "缓冲区类型的 ABC。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3540 +msgid "Special method lookup" +msgstr "特殊方法查找" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3542 +msgid "" +"For custom classes, implicit invocations of special methods are only " +"guaranteed to work correctly if defined on an object's type, not in the " +"object's instance dictionary. That behaviour is the reason why the " +"following code raises an exception::" +msgstr "" +"对于自定义类来说，特殊方法的隐式唤起仅保证在其定义于对象类型中时能正确地发挥作用，而不能定义在对象实例字典中。 该行为就是以下代码会引发异常的原因。::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3547 +msgid "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> c.__len__ = lambda: 5\n" +">>> len(c)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: object of type 'C' has no len()" +msgstr "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> c.__len__ = lambda: 5\n" +">>> len(c)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: object of type 'C' has no len()" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3557 +msgid "" +"The rationale behind this behaviour lies with a number of special methods " +"such as :meth:`~object.__hash__` and :meth:`~object.__repr__` that are " +"implemented by all objects, including type objects. If the implicit lookup " +"of these methods used the conventional lookup process, they would fail when " +"invoked on the type object itself::" +msgstr "" +"此行为背后的原理在于包括类型对象在内的所有对象都会实现的几个特殊方法如 :meth:`~object.__hash__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__repr__`。 如果这些方法的隐式查找使用了传统的查找过程，则当它们在针对类型对象自身被唤起时将会失败::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3564 +msgid "" +">>> 1 .__hash__() == hash(1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> int.__hash__() == hash(int)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: descriptor '__hash__' of 'int' object needs an argument" +msgstr "" +">>> 1 .__hash__() == hash(1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> int.__hash__() == hash(int)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: descriptor '__hash__' of 'int' object needs an argument" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3571 +msgid "" +"Incorrectly attempting to invoke an unbound method of a class in this way is" +" sometimes referred to as 'metaclass confusion', and is avoided by bypassing" +" the instance when looking up special methods::" +msgstr "以这种方式不正确地尝试唤起一个类的未绑定方法有时被称为‘元类混淆’，可以通过在查找特殊方法时绕过实例的方式来避免::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3575 +msgid "" +">>> type(1).__hash__(1) == hash(1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> type(int).__hash__(int) == hash(int)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> type(1).__hash__(1) == hash(1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> type(int).__hash__(int) == hash(int)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3580 +msgid "" +"In addition to bypassing any instance attributes in the interest of " +"correctness, implicit special method lookup generally also bypasses the " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` method even of the object's metaclass::" +msgstr "" +"除了出于正确性考虑而会绕过任何实例属性，隐式特殊方法查找通常还会绕过 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` " +"方法，甚至包括对象的元类::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3584 +msgid "" +">>> class Meta(type):\n" +"... def __getattribute__(*args):\n" +"... print(\"Metaclass getattribute invoked\")\n" +"... return type.__getattribute__(*args)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class C(object, metaclass=Meta):\n" +"... def __len__(self):\n" +"... return 10\n" +"... def __getattribute__(*args):\n" +"... print(\"Class getattribute invoked\")\n" +"... return object.__getattribute__(*args)\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> c.__len__() # Explicit lookup via instance\n" +"Class getattribute invoked\n" +"10\n" +">>> type(c).__len__(c) # Explicit lookup via type\n" +"Metaclass getattribute invoked\n" +"10\n" +">>> len(c) # Implicit lookup\n" +"10" +msgstr "" +">>> class Meta(type):\n" +"... def __getattribute__(*args):\n" +"... print(\"Metaclass getattribute invoked\")\n" +"... return type.__getattribute__(*args)\n" +"...\n" +">>> class C(object, metaclass=Meta):\n" +"... def __len__(self):\n" +"... return 10\n" +"... def __getattribute__(*args):\n" +"... print(\"Class getattribute invoked\")\n" +"... return object.__getattribute__(*args)\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = C()\n" +">>> c.__len__() # 通过实例的显式查找\n" +"Class getattribute invoked\n" +"10\n" +">>> type(c).__len__(c) # 通过类型的显式查找\n" +"Metaclass getattribute invoked\n" +"10\n" +">>> len(c) # 隐式查找\n" +"10" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3606 +msgid "" +"Bypassing the :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` machinery in this fashion " +"provides significant scope for speed optimisations within the interpreter, " +"at the cost of some flexibility in the handling of special methods (the " +"special method *must* be set on the class object itself in order to be " +"consistently invoked by the interpreter)." +msgstr "" +"以这种方式绕过 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` " +"机制为解释器内部的速度优化提供了显著的空间，其代价则是牺牲了一些处理特殊方法时的灵活性（特殊方法 *must* " +"必须设置在类对象自身上以便始终一致地由解释器唤起）。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3617 +msgid "Coroutines" +msgstr "协程" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3621 +msgid "Awaitable Objects" +msgstr "可等待对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3623 +msgid "" +"An :term:`awaitable` object generally implements an " +":meth:`~object.__await__` method. :term:`Coroutine objects ` " +"returned from :keyword:`async def` functions are awaitable." +msgstr "" +":term:`awaitable` 对象主要实现了 :meth:`~object.__await__` 方法。 从 :keyword:`async " +"def` 函数返回的 :term:`协程对象 ` 即为可等待对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3629 +msgid "" +"The :term:`generator iterator` objects returned from generators decorated " +"with :func:`types.coroutine` are also awaitable, but they do not implement " +":meth:`~object.__await__`." +msgstr "" +"从带有 :func:`types.coroutine` 装饰器的生成器返回的 :term:`generator iterator` " +"对象也属于可等待对象，但它们并未实现 :meth:`~object.__await__`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3635 +msgid "" +"Must return an :term:`iterator`. Should be used to implement " +":term:`awaitable` objects. For instance, :class:`asyncio.Future` implements" +" this method to be compatible with the :keyword:`await` expression. The " +":class:`object` class itself is not awaitable and does not provide this " +"method." +msgstr "" +"必须返回一个 :term:`iterator`。 应当被用来实现 :term:`awaitable` 对象。 " +"例如，:class:`asyncio.Future` 实现了此方法以与 :keyword:`await` 表达式兼容。 :class:`object` " +"类本身不是可等待对象因而不提供此方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3643 +msgid "" +"The language doesn't place any restriction on the type or value of the " +"objects yielded by the iterator returned by ``__await__``, as this is " +"specific to the implementation of the asynchronous execution framework (e.g." +" :mod:`asyncio`) that will be managing the :term:`awaitable` object." +msgstr "" +"本语言不会对 ``__await__`` 所返回的迭代器产生的对象的类型或值施加任何限制，因为这是负责管理 :term:`awaitable` " +"对象的异步执行框架的具体实现 (如 :mod:`asyncio`) 专属特性。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3651 +msgid ":pep:`492` for additional information about awaitable objects." +msgstr ":pep:`492` 了解有关可等待对象的详细信息。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3657 +msgid "Coroutine Objects" +msgstr "协程对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3659 +msgid "" +":term:`Coroutine objects ` are :term:`awaitable` objects. A " +"coroutine's execution can be controlled by calling :meth:`~object.__await__`" +" and iterating over the result. When the coroutine has finished executing " +"and returns, the iterator raises :exc:`StopIteration`, and the exception's " +":attr:`~StopIteration.value` attribute holds the return value. If the " +"coroutine raises an exception, it is propagated by the iterator. Coroutines" +" should not directly raise unhandled :exc:`StopIteration` exceptions." +msgstr "" +":term:`协程对象 ` 属于 :term:`awaitable` 对象。 协程的执行可以通过调用 " +":meth:`~object.__await__` 并迭代其结果来控制。 当协程结束执行并返回时，迭代器会引发 " +":exc:`StopIteration`，而该异常的 :attr:`~StopIteration.value` 属性将存放返回值。 " +"如果协程引发了异常，它会被迭代器传播出去。 协程不应当直接引发未被处理的 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3667 +msgid "" +"Coroutines also have the methods listed below, which are analogous to those " +"of generators (see :ref:`generator-methods`). However, unlike generators, " +"coroutines do not directly support iteration." +msgstr "" +"协程也具有下面列出的方法，它们类似于生成器的对应方法 (参见 :ref:`generator-methods`)。 " +"但是，与生成器不同，协程并不直接支持迭代。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3671 +msgid "It is a :exc:`RuntimeError` to await on a coroutine more than once." +msgstr "等待一个协程超过一次将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3677 +msgid "" +"Starts or resumes execution of the coroutine. If *value* is ``None``, this " +"is equivalent to advancing the iterator returned by " +":meth:`~object.__await__`. If *value* is not ``None``, this method " +"delegates to the :meth:`~generator.send` method of the iterator that caused " +"the coroutine to suspend. The result (return value, :exc:`StopIteration`, " +"or other exception) is the same as when iterating over the " +":meth:`!__await__` return value, described above." +msgstr "" +"开始或恢复协程的执行。 如果 *value* 为 ``None``，这将等价于前往 :meth:`~object.__await__` " +"所返回的迭代器的下一项。 如果 *value* 不为 ``None``，此方法将委托给导致协挂起的迭代器的 " +":meth:`~generator.send` 方法。 其结果（返回值, :exc:`StopIteration` 或是其他异常）将与上述对 " +":meth:`!__await__` 返回值进行迭代的结果相同。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3688 +msgid "" +"Raises the specified exception in the coroutine. This method delegates to " +"the :meth:`~generator.throw` method of the iterator that caused the " +"coroutine to suspend, if it has such a method. Otherwise, the exception is " +"raised at the suspension point. The result (return value, " +":exc:`StopIteration`, or other exception) is the same as when iterating over" +" the :meth:`~object.__await__` return value, described above. If the " +"exception is not caught in the coroutine, it propagates back to the caller." +msgstr "" +"在协程内引发指定的异常。 此方法将委托给导致该协程挂起的迭代器的 :meth:`~generator.throw` 方法，如果存在此方法的话。 " +"否则，该异常将在挂起点被引发。 其结果（返回值，:exc:`StopIteration` 或是其他异常）将与上述对 " +":meth:`~object.__await__` 返回值进行迭代的结果相同。 如果该异常未在协程内被捕获，则将回传给调用方。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3699 +msgid "" +"The second signature \\(type\\[, value\\[, traceback\\]\\]\\) is deprecated " +"and may be removed in a future version of Python." +msgstr "第二个签名 \\(type\\[, value\\[, traceback\\]\\]\\) 已被弃用并可能在未来的 Python 版本中移除。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3704 +msgid "" +"Causes the coroutine to clean itself up and exit. If the coroutine is " +"suspended, this method first delegates to the :meth:`~generator.close` " +"method of the iterator that caused the coroutine to suspend, if it has such " +"a method. Then it raises :exc:`GeneratorExit` at the suspension point, " +"causing the coroutine to immediately clean itself up. Finally, the coroutine" +" is marked as having finished executing, even if it was never started." +msgstr "" +"此方法会使得协程清理自身并退出。 如果协程被挂起，此方法会先委托给导致协程挂起的迭代器的 :meth:`~generator.close` " +"方法，如果存在该方法。 然后它会在挂起点引发 :exc:`GeneratorExit`，使得协程立即清理自身。 " +"最后，协程会被标记为已结束执行，即使它根本未被启动。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3712 +msgid "" +"Coroutine objects are automatically closed using the above process when they" +" are about to be destroyed." +msgstr "当协程对象将要被销毁时，会使用以上处理过程来自动关闭。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3718 +msgid "Asynchronous Iterators" +msgstr "异步迭代器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3720 +msgid "" +"An *asynchronous iterator* can call asynchronous code in its ``__anext__`` " +"method." +msgstr "*异步迭代器* 可以在其 ``__anext__`` 方法中调用异步代码。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3723 +msgid "" +"Asynchronous iterators can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement." +msgstr "异步迭代器可在 :keyword:`async for` 语句中使用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3725 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3774 +msgid "The :class:`object` class itself does not provide these methods." +msgstr ":class:`object` 类本身不提供这些方法。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3730 +msgid "Must return an *asynchronous iterator* object." +msgstr "必须返回一个 *异步迭代器* 对象。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3734 +msgid "" +"Must return an *awaitable* resulting in a next value of the iterator. " +"Should raise a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` error when the iteration is over." +msgstr "必须返回一个 *可等待对象* 输出迭代器的下一结果值。 当迭代结束时应该引发 :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` 错误。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3737 +msgid "An example of an asynchronous iterable object::" +msgstr "异步可迭代对象的一个示例::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3739 +msgid "" +"class Reader:\n" +" async def readline(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def __aiter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" async def __anext__(self):\n" +" val = await self.readline()\n" +" if val == b'':\n" +" raise StopAsyncIteration\n" +" return val" +msgstr "" +"class Reader:\n" +" async def readline(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def __aiter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" async def __anext__(self):\n" +" val = await self.readline()\n" +" if val == b'':\n" +" raise StopAsyncIteration\n" +" return val" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3754 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.7, :meth:`~object.__aiter__` could return an *awaitable* " +"that would resolve to an :term:`asynchronous iterator `." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.7 之前，:meth:`~object.__aiter__` 可以返回一个 *可等待对象* 并将被解析为 :term:`异步迭代器" +" `。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3759 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.7, :meth:`~object.__aiter__` must return an " +"asynchronous iterator object. Returning anything else will result in a " +":exc:`TypeError` error." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.7 开始，:meth:`~object.__aiter__` 必须返回一个异步迭代器对象。 返回任何其他对象都将导致 " +":exc:`TypeError` 错误。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3767 +msgid "Asynchronous Context Managers" +msgstr "异步上下文管理器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3769 +msgid "" +"An *asynchronous context manager* is a *context manager* that is able to " +"suspend execution in its ``__aenter__`` and ``__aexit__`` methods." +msgstr "" +"*异步上下文管理器* 是 *上下文管理器* 的一种，它能够在其 ``__aenter__`` 和 ``__aexit__`` 方法中暂停执行。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3772 +msgid "" +"Asynchronous context managers can be used in an :keyword:`async with` " +"statement." +msgstr "异步上下文管理器可在 :keyword:`async with` 语句中使用。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3778 +msgid "" +"Semantically similar to :meth:`~object.__enter__`, the only difference being" +" that it must return an *awaitable*." +msgstr "在语义上类似于 :meth:`~object.__enter__`，仅有的区别在于它必须返回一个 *可等待对象*。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3783 +msgid "" +"Semantically similar to :meth:`~object.__exit__`, the only difference being " +"that it must return an *awaitable*." +msgstr "在语义上类似于 :meth:`~object.__exit__`，仅有的区别在于它必须返回一个 *可等待对象*。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3786 +msgid "An example of an asynchronous context manager class::" +msgstr "异步上下文管理器类的一个示例::" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3788 +msgid "" +"class AsyncContextManager:\n" +" async def __aenter__(self):\n" +" await log('entering context')\n" +"\n" +" async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):\n" +" await log('exiting context')" +msgstr "" +"class AsyncContextManager:\n" +" async def __aenter__(self):\n" +" await log('entering context')\n" +"\n" +" async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):\n" +" await log('exiting context')" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3799 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3800 +msgid "" +"It *is* possible in some cases to change an object's type, under certain " +"controlled conditions. It generally isn't a good idea though, since it can " +"lead to some very strange behaviour if it is handled incorrectly." +msgstr "在某些情况下 *有可能* 基于可控的条件改变一个对象的类型。 但这通常不是个好主意，因为如果处理不当会导致一些非常怪异的行为。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3804 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__hash__`, :meth:`~object.__iter__`, " +":meth:`~object.__reversed__`, :meth:`~object.__contains__`, " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` and :meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` " +"methods have special handling for this. Others will still raise a " +":exc:`TypeError`, but may do so by relying on the behavior that ``None`` is " +"not callable." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~object.__hash__`, :meth:`~object.__iter__`, " +":meth:`~object.__reversed__`, :meth:`~object.__contains__`, " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 和 :meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` " +"方法对此有特殊处理。 其他方法仍然会引发 :exc:`TypeError`，但可能会依赖 ``None`` 是不可调用对象的行为来做到这一点。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3811 +msgid "" +"\"Does not support\" here means that the class has no such method, or the " +"method returns :data:`NotImplemented`. Do not set the method to ``None`` if" +" you want to force fallback to the right operand's reflected method—that " +"will instead have the opposite effect of explicitly *blocking* such " +"fallback." +msgstr "" +"这里的“不支持”是指该类无此方法，或方法返回 :data:`NotImplemented` 。 如果你想强制回退到右操作数的反射方法，请不要设置方法为 " +"``None`` — 那会造成显式地 *阻塞* 此种回退的相反效果。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3817 +msgid "" +"For operands of the same type, it is assumed that if the non-reflected " +"method -- such as :meth:`~object.__add__` -- fails then the overall " +"operation is not supported, which is why the reflected method is not called." +msgstr "" +"对于相同类型的操作数，如果非返回方法 -- 例如 :meth:`~object.__add__` -- " +"失败则会认为整个运算都不被支持，这就是反射方法不会被调用的原因。" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:14 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:152 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:163 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:184 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:196 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:229 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:250 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:265 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:283 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:296 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:328 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:363 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:388 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:409 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:427 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:447 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:455 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:466 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:483 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:519 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:534 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:661 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:799 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:823 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:859 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1265 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1292 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1364 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1472 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1581 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2116 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3134 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:14 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:126 +msgid "data" +msgstr "数据" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:296 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:343 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:427 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:466 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:799 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1774 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2017 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2023 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2116 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2673 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3104 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3262 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3297 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3311 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3360 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3370 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3398 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 +msgid "id" +msgstr "id" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:126 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2673 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 +msgid "identity of an object" +msgstr "对象的标识号" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 +msgid "value of an object" +msgstr "对象的值" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 +msgid "type of an object" +msgstr "对象的类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 +msgid "mutable object" +msgstr "可变对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:23 +msgid "immutable object" +msgstr "不可变对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:60 +msgid "garbage collection" +msgstr "garbage collection -- 垃圾回收" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:60 +msgid "reference counting" +msgstr "引用计数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:60 +msgid "unreachable object" +msgstr "不可达对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:95 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 +msgid "container" +msgstr "容器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:126 +msgid "hierarchy" +msgstr "层次结构" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:126 +msgid "extension" +msgstr "扩展" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:126 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:400 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:401 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:502 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:859 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:126 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:265 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:799 +msgid "C" +msgstr "C" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:126 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:265 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:799 +msgid "language" +msgstr "语言" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:139 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1144 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1265 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1285 +msgid "attribute" +msgstr "attribute -- 属性" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:139 +msgid "special" +msgstr "特殊" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:139 +msgid "generic" +msgstr "泛型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:184 +msgid "..." +msgstr "..." + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:184 +msgid "ellipsis literal" +msgstr "省略符字面值" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:196 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1292 +msgid "numeric" +msgstr "数字" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:229 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:235 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:343 +msgid "integer" +msgstr "integer" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:235 +msgid "representation" +msgstr "表示形式" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:250 +msgid "Boolean" +msgstr "布尔值" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:250 +msgid "False" +msgstr "False" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:250 +msgid "True" +msgstr "True" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:265 +msgid "floating-point" +msgstr "浮点数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:265 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:283 +msgid "number" +msgstr "number" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:265 +msgid "Java" +msgstr "Java" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:283 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3370 +msgid "complex" +msgstr "复数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:296 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:427 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:466 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3104 +msgid "len" +msgstr "len" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:296 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1292 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:296 +msgid "index operation" +msgstr "索引操作" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:296 +msgid "item selection" +msgstr "条目选择" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:296 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:388 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:466 +msgid "subscription" +msgstr "下标" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:311 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:388 +msgid "slicing" +msgstr "切片" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:328 +msgid "immutable sequence" +msgstr "不可变序列" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:328 +msgid "immutable" +msgstr "immutable -- 不可变对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:339 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1992 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2023 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:339 +msgid "immutable sequences" +msgstr "不可变序列" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:343 +msgid "chr" +msgstr "chr" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:343 +msgid "ord" +msgstr "ord" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:343 +msgid "character" +msgstr "字符" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:343 +msgid "Unicode" +msgstr "Unicode" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:363 +msgid "tuple" +msgstr "元组" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:363 +msgid "singleton" +msgstr "单例" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:363 +msgid "empty" +msgstr "空" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:376 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2017 +msgid "bytes" +msgstr "字节串" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:376 +msgid "byte" +msgstr "字节" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:388 +msgid "mutable sequence" +msgstr "可变序列" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:388 +msgid "mutable" +msgstr "mutable -- 可变对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:388 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1144 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1285 +msgid "assignment" +msgstr "赋值" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:388 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:859 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1728 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1910 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3425 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:400 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:401 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:409 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:416 +msgid "bytearray" +msgstr "bytearray" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:427 +msgid "set type" +msgstr "集合类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:447 +msgid "set" +msgstr "set" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:455 +msgid "frozenset" +msgstr "frozenset" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:466 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1292 +msgid "mapping" +msgstr "mapping -- 映射" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:483 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2116 +msgid "dictionary" +msgstr "dictionary -- 字典" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:502 +msgid "dbm.ndbm" +msgstr "dbm.ndbm" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:502 +msgid "dbm.gnu" +msgstr "dbm.gnu" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:519 +msgid "callable" +msgstr "callable -- 可调用对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:519 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:534 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:743 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:761 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:774 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:799 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:519 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1149 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3054 +msgid "call" +msgstr "call" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:519 +msgid "invocation" +msgstr "唤起" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:519 +msgid "argument" +msgstr "argument -- 参数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:534 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:661 +msgid "user-defined" +msgstr "用户自定义" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:534 +msgid "user-defined function" +msgstr "用户自定义函数" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:547 +msgid "__closure__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__closure__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:547 +msgid "__globals__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__globals__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:547 +msgid "global" +msgstr "global" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:547 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "namespace" +msgstr "namespace -- 命名空间" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__doc__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__doc__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__name__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__name__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__module__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__module__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__dict__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__dict__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__defaults__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__defaults__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__code__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__code__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__annotations__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__annotations__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__kwdefaults__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__kwdefaults__ (函数属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:574 +msgid "__type_params__ (function attribute)" +msgstr "__type_params__ (function attribute)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:661 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:823 +msgid "method" +msgstr "method -- 方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:661 +msgid "user-defined method" +msgstr "用户自定义方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:669 +msgid "__func__ (method attribute)" +msgstr "__func__ (方法属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:669 +msgid "__self__ (method attribute)" +msgstr "__self__ (方法属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:669 +msgid "__doc__ (method attribute)" +msgstr "__doc__ (方法属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:669 +msgid "__name__ (method attribute)" +msgstr "__name__ (方法属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:669 +msgid "__module__ (method attribute)" +msgstr "__module__ (方法属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:743 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1472 +msgid "generator" +msgstr "generator -- 生成器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:743 +msgid "iterator" +msgstr "iterator -- 迭代器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:761 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3613 +msgid "coroutine" +msgstr "coroutine -- 协程" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:774 +msgid "asynchronous generator" +msgstr "asynchronous generator -- 异步生成器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:774 +msgid "asynchronous iterator" +msgstr "asynchronous iterator -- 异步迭代器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:823 +msgid "built-in method" +msgstr "内置方法" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:823 +msgid "built-in" +msgstr "内置" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:859 +msgid "import" +msgstr "import" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__name__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__name__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__spec__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__spec__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__package__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__package__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__loader__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__loader__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__path__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__path__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__file__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__file__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__cached__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__cached__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__doc__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__doc__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:879 +msgid "__annotations__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__annotations__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1094 +msgid "__dict__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__dict__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1144 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1265 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1893 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2784 +msgid "class" +msgstr "class" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1265 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1285 +msgid "class instance" +msgstr "类实例" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1265 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3054 +msgid "instance" +msgstr "实例" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1126 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1149 +msgid "class object" +msgstr "类对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__name__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__name__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__module__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__module__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__dict__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__dict__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__bases__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__bases__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__doc__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__doc__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__annotations__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__annotations__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__type_params__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__type_params__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__static_attributes__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__static_attributes__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1156 +msgid "__firstlineno__ (class attribute)" +msgstr "__firstlineno__ (类属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1303 +msgid "__dict__ (instance attribute)" +msgstr "__dict__ (实例属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1303 +msgid "__class__ (instance attribute)" +msgstr "__class__ (实例属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "open" +msgstr "open" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "popen() (in module os)" +msgstr "popen() (在 os 模块中)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "makefile() (socket method)" +msgstr "makefile() (套接字属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "sys.stdin" +msgstr "sys.stdin" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "sys.stdout" +msgstr "sys.stdout" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "sys.stderr" +msgstr "sys.stderr" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "stdio" +msgstr "stdio" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "stdin (in module sys)" +msgstr "stdin (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "stdout (in module sys)" +msgstr "stdout (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1321 +msgid "stderr (in module sys)" +msgstr "stderr (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1350 +msgid "internal type" +msgstr "内部类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1350 +msgid "types, internal" +msgstr "类型, 内部" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1364 +msgid "bytecode" +msgstr "bytecode -- 字节码" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1364 +msgid "code" +msgstr "code -- 代码" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1364 +msgid "code object" +msgstr "代码对象" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_argcount (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_argcount (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_posonlyargcount (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_posonlyargcount (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_kwonlyargcount (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_kwonlyargcount (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_code (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_code (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_consts (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_consts (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_filename (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_filename (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_firstlineno (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_firstlineno (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_flags (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_flags (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_lnotab (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_lnotab (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_name (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_name (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_names (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_names (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_nlocals (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_nlocals (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_stacksize (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_stacksize (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_varnames (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_varnames (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_cellvars (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_cellvars (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_freevars (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_freevars (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1375 +msgid "co_qualname (code object attribute)" +msgstr "co_qualname (代码对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1490 +msgid "documentation string" +msgstr "文档字符串" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1581 +msgid "frame" +msgstr "frame -- 帧" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1587 +msgid "f_back (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_back (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1587 +msgid "f_code (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_code (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1587 +msgid "f_globals (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_globals (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1587 +msgid "f_locals (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_locals (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1587 +msgid "f_lasti (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_lasti (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1587 +msgid "f_builtins (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_builtins (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1631 +msgid "f_trace (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_trace (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1631 +msgid "f_trace_lines (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_trace_lines (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1631 +msgid "f_trace_opcodes (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_trace_opcodes (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1631 +msgid "f_lineno (frame attribute)" +msgstr "f_lineno (帧属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "traceback -- 回溯" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "stack" +msgstr "栈" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "trace" +msgstr "跟踪" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "exception" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "handler" +msgstr "处理器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "execution" +msgstr "执行" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "exc_info (in module sys)" +msgstr "exc_info (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "last_traceback (in module sys)" +msgstr "last_traceback (在 sys 模块中)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "sys.exc_info" +msgstr "sys.exc_info" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "sys.exception" +msgstr "sys.exception" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1691 +msgid "sys.last_traceback" +msgstr "sys.last_traceback" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1728 +msgid "tb_frame (traceback attribute)" +msgstr "tb_frame (回溯属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1728 +msgid "tb_lineno (traceback attribute)" +msgstr "tb_lineno (回溯属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1728 +msgid "tb_lasti (traceback attribute)" +msgstr "tb_lasti (回溯属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1728 +msgid "try" +msgstr "try" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1758 +msgid "tb_next (traceback attribute)" +msgstr "tb_next (回溯属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1774 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3134 +msgid "slice" +msgstr "slice -- 切片" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1780 +msgid "start (slice object attribute)" +msgstr "start (切片对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1780 +msgid "stop (slice object attribute)" +msgstr "stop (切片对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1780 +msgid "step (slice object attribute)" +msgstr "step (切片对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1828 +msgid "operator" +msgstr "operator" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1828 +msgid "overloading" +msgstr "重载" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1828 +msgid "__getitem__() (mapping object method)" +msgstr "__getitem__() (映射对象方法)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1864 +msgid "subclassing" +msgstr "子类化" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1864 +msgid "immutable types" +msgstr "不可变类型" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1893 +msgid "constructor" +msgstr "构造器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1910 +msgid "destructor" +msgstr "destructor" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1910 +msgid "finalizer" +msgstr "终结器" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1910 +msgid "del" +msgstr "del" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1974 +msgid "repr() (built-in function)" +msgstr "repr() (内置函数)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1974 +msgid "__repr__() (object method)" +msgstr "__repr__() (对象方法)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1992 +msgid "__str__() (object method)" +msgstr "__str__() (对象方法)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1992 +msgid "format() (built-in function)" +msgstr "format() (内置函数)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:1992 +msgid "print() (built-in function)" +msgstr "print() (内置函数)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2023 +msgid "__format__() (object method)" +msgstr "__format__() (对象方法)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2023 +msgid "conversion" +msgstr "conversion" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2023 +msgid "print" +msgstr "print" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2065 +msgid "comparisons" +msgstr "比较" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2116 +msgid "hash" +msgstr "hash" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2197 +msgid "__len__() (mapping object method)" +msgstr "__len__() (映射对象方法)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2302 +msgid "__getattr__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__getattr__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2302 +msgid "__dir__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__dir__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2302 +msgid "__class__ (module attribute)" +msgstr "__class__ (模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2673 +msgid "metaclass" +msgstr "metaclass -- 元类" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2673 +msgid "= (equals)" +msgstr "= (等于号)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2673 +msgid "class definition" +msgstr "类定义" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2737 +msgid "metaclass hint" +msgstr "元类提示" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2760 +msgid "__prepare__ (metaclass method)" +msgstr "__prepare__ (元类方法)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2784 +msgid "body" +msgstr "body" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2804 +msgid "__class__ (method cell)" +msgstr "__class__ (方法单元)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:2804 +msgid "__classcell__ (class namespace entry)" +msgstr "__classcell__ (类命名空间条目)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3104 +msgid "__bool__() (object method)" +msgstr "__bool__() (对象方法)" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3262 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3297 +msgid "divmod" +msgstr "divmod" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3262 ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3297 +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3311 +msgid "pow" +msgstr "pow" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3360 +msgid "abs" +msgstr "abs" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3370 +msgid "int" +msgstr "int" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3370 +msgid "float" +msgstr "float" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3398 +msgid "round" +msgstr "round" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3425 +msgid "with" +msgstr "with" + +#: ../../reference/datamodel.rst:3425 +msgid "context manager" +msgstr "context manager -- 上下文管理器" diff --git a/reference/executionmodel.po b/reference/executionmodel.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd1476e92 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/executionmodel.po @@ -0,0 +1,774 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Xu Siyuan, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:19+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:6 +msgid "Execution model" +msgstr "执行模型" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:15 +msgid "Structure of a program" +msgstr "程序的结构" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:19 +msgid "" +"A Python program is constructed from code blocks. A :dfn:`block` is a piece " +"of Python program text that is executed as a unit. The following are blocks:" +" a module, a function body, and a class definition. Each command typed " +"interactively is a block. A script file (a file given as standard input to " +"the interpreter or specified as a command line argument to the interpreter) " +"is a code block. A script command (a command specified on the interpreter " +"command line with the :option:`-c` option) is a code block. A module run as " +"a top level script (as module ``__main__``) from the command line using a " +":option:`-m` argument is also a code block. The string argument passed to " +"the built-in functions :func:`eval` and :func:`exec` is a code block." +msgstr "" +"Python 程序是由代码块构成的。 :dfn:`代码块` 是被作为一个单元来执行的一段 Python 程序文本。 " +"以下几个都属于代码块：模块、函数体和类定义。 交互式输入的每条命令都是代码块。 " +"一个脚本文件（作为标准输入发送给解释器或是作为命令行参数发送给解释器的文件）也是代码块。 一条脚本命令（通过 :option:`-c` " +"选项在解释器命令行中指定的命令）也是代码块。 通过在命令行中使用 :option:`-m` 参数作为最高层级脚本（即 ``__main__`` " +"模块）运行的模块也是代码块。 传递给内置函数 :func:`eval` 和 :func:`exec` 的字符串参数也是代码块。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:33 +msgid "" +"A code block is executed in an :dfn:`execution frame`. A frame contains " +"some administrative information (used for debugging) and determines where " +"and how execution continues after the code block's execution has completed." +msgstr "代码块在 :dfn:`执行帧` 中被执行。 一个帧会包含某些管理信息（用于调试）并决定代码块执行完成后应前往何处以及如何继续执行。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:40 +msgid "Naming and binding" +msgstr "命名与绑定" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:49 +msgid "Binding of names" +msgstr "名称的绑定" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:55 +msgid "" +":dfn:`Names` refer to objects. Names are introduced by name binding " +"operations." +msgstr ":dfn:`名称` 用于指代对象。 名称是通过名称绑定操作来引入的。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:59 +msgid "The following constructs bind names:" +msgstr "下面的结构将名字绑定:" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:61 +msgid "formal parameters to functions," +msgstr "函数的正式参数，" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:62 +msgid "class definitions," +msgstr "类定义，" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:63 +msgid "function definitions," +msgstr "函数定义，" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:64 +msgid "assignment expressions," +msgstr "赋值表达式," + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:65 +msgid "" +":ref:`targets ` that are identifiers if occurring in an " +"assignment:" +msgstr "如果在一个赋值中出现，则为标识符的 :ref:`目标 ` :" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:68 +msgid ":keyword:`for` loop header," +msgstr ":keyword:`for` 循环头," + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:69 +msgid "" +"after :keyword:`!as` in a :keyword:`with` statement, :keyword:`except` " +"clause, :keyword:`except* ` clause, or in the as-pattern in " +"structural pattern matching," +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`with` 语句, :keyword:`except` 子句, :keyword:`except* `" +" 子句，或格式化模式匹配的 as 模式的 :keyword:`!as` 之后，" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:71 +msgid "in a capture pattern in structural pattern matching" +msgstr "在结构模式匹配中的捕获模式" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:73 +msgid ":keyword:`import` statements." +msgstr ":keyword:`import` 语句。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:74 +msgid ":keyword:`type` statements." +msgstr ":keyword:`type` 语句。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:75 +msgid ":ref:`type parameter lists `." +msgstr ":ref:`类型形参列表 `。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`!import` statement of the form ``from ... import *`` binds all" +" names defined in the imported module, except those beginning with an " +"underscore. This form may only be used at the module level." +msgstr "" +"形式为 ``from ... import *`` 的 :keyword:`!import` " +"语句绑定所有在导入的模块中定义的名字，除了那些以下划线开头的名字。这种形式只能在模块级别上使用。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:81 +msgid "" +"A target occurring in a :keyword:`del` statement is also considered bound " +"for this purpose (though the actual semantics are to unbind the name)." +msgstr ":keyword:`del` 语句的目标也被视作一种绑定（虽然其实际语义为解除名称绑定）。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:84 +msgid "" +"Each assignment or import statement occurs within a block defined by a class" +" or function definition or at the module level (the top-level code block)." +msgstr "每条赋值或导入语句均发生于类或函数内部定义的代码块中，或是发生于模块层级（即最高层级的代码块）。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:89 +msgid "" +"If a name is bound in a block, it is a local variable of that block, unless " +"declared as :keyword:`nonlocal` or :keyword:`global`. If a name is bound at" +" the module level, it is a global variable. (The variables of the module " +"code block are local and global.) If a variable is used in a code block but" +" not defined there, it is a :term:`free variable`." +msgstr "" +"如果某个名称绑定在一个代码块中，则它就是该代码块的局部变量，除非声明为 :keyword:`nonlocal` 或 :keyword:`global`。" +" 如果某个名称绑定在模块层级，则它就是全局变量。 （模块代码块的变量既是局部变量又是全局变量。） " +"如果某个变量在一个代码块中被使用但不是在其中定义的，则它是 :term:`free variable`。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Each occurrence of a name in the program text refers to the :dfn:`binding` " +"of that name established by the following name resolution rules." +msgstr "每个在程序文本中出现的名称是指由以下名称解析规则所建立的对该名称的 :dfn:`绑定`。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:101 +msgid "Resolution of names" +msgstr "名称的解析" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:105 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`scope` defines the visibility of a name within a block. If a local " +"variable is defined in a block, its scope includes that block. If the " +"definition occurs in a function block, the scope extends to any blocks " +"contained within the defining one, unless a contained block introduces a " +"different binding for the name." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`作用域` 定义了一个代码块中名称的可见性。 如果代码块中定义了一个局部变量，则其作用域包含该代码块。 " +"如果定义发生于函数代码块中，则其作用域会扩展到该函数所包含的任何代码块，除非有某个被包含代码块引入了对该名称的不同绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:113 +msgid "" +"When a name is used in a code block, it is resolved using the nearest " +"enclosing scope. The set of all such scopes visible to a code block is " +"called the block's :dfn:`environment`." +msgstr "当一个名称在代码块中被使用时，会由包含它的最近作用域来解析。 对一个代码块可见的所有这种作用域的集合称为该代码块的 :dfn:`环境`。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:121 +msgid "" +"When a name is not found at all, a :exc:`NameError` exception is raised. If " +"the current scope is a function scope, and the name refers to a local " +"variable that has not yet been bound to a value at the point where the name " +"is used, an :exc:`UnboundLocalError` exception is raised. " +":exc:`UnboundLocalError` is a subclass of :exc:`NameError`." +msgstr "" +"当一个名称完全找不到时，将会引发 :exc:`NameError` 异常。 " +"如果当前作用域为函数作用域，且该名称指向一个局部变量，而此变量在该名称被使用的时候尚未绑定到特定值，将会引发 " +":exc:`UnboundLocalError` 异常。 :exc:`UnboundLocalError` 为 :exc:`NameError` " +"的一个子类。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:127 +msgid "" +"If a name binding operation occurs anywhere within a code block, all uses of" +" the name within the block are treated as references to the current block. " +"This can lead to errors when a name is used within a block before it is " +"bound. This rule is subtle. Python lacks declarations and allows name " +"binding operations to occur anywhere within a code block. The local " +"variables of a code block can be determined by scanning the entire text of " +"the block for name binding operations. See :ref:`the FAQ entry on " +"UnboundLocalError ` for examples." +msgstr "" +"如果一个代码块内的任何位置发生名称绑定操作，则代码块内所有对该名称的使用都会被视为对当前代码块的引用。 " +"当一个名称在其被绑定前就在代码块内被使用时将会导致错误。 这个规则是很微妙的。 Python 缺少声明语法并且允许名称绑定操作发生于代码块内的任何位置。" +" 一个代码块的局部变量可通过在整个代码块文本中扫描名称绑定操作来确定。 请参阅 :ref:`UnboundLocalError 的 FAQ 条目 " +"` 来获取示例。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:136 +msgid "" +"If the :keyword:`global` statement occurs within a block, all uses of the " +"names specified in the statement refer to the bindings of those names in the" +" top-level namespace. Names are resolved in the top-level namespace by " +"searching the global namespace, i.e. the namespace of the module containing " +"the code block, and the builtins namespace, the namespace of the module " +":mod:`builtins`. The global namespace is searched first. If the names are " +"not found there, the builtins namespace is searched next. If the names are " +"also not found in the builtins namespace, new variables are created in the " +"global namespace. The global statement must precede all uses of the listed " +"names." +msgstr "" +"如果 :keyword:`global` 语句出现在一个代码块中，则所有对该语句所指定名称的使用都是在最高层级命名空间内对该名称绑定的引用。 " +"名称在最高层级命名空间内的解析是通过搜索全局命名空间，也就是包含该代码块的模块的命名空间，以及内置命名空间即 :mod:`builtins` " +"模块的命名空间。 全局命名空间会先被搜索。 如果未在其中找到相应名称，将再搜索内置命名空间。 " +"如果未在内置命名空间中找到相应名称，将在全局命名空间中创建新变量。 global 语句必须位于所有对其所列名称的使用之前。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:146 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`global` statement has the same scope as a name binding " +"operation in the same block. If the nearest enclosing scope for a free " +"variable contains a global statement, the free variable is treated as a " +"global." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`global` 语句与同一代码块中名称绑定具有相同的作用域。 如果一个自由变量的最近包含作用域中有一条 global " +"语句，则该自由变量也会被当作是全局变量。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:152 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement causes corresponding names to refer to " +"previously bound variables in the nearest enclosing function scope. " +":exc:`SyntaxError` is raised at compile time if the given name does not " +"exist in any enclosing function scope. :ref:`Type parameters ` " +"cannot be rebound with the :keyword:`!nonlocal` statement." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`nonlocal` 语句会使得相应的名称指向之前在最近包含函数作用域中绑定的变量。 " +"如果指定的名称不存在于任何包含函数作用域中则将在编译时引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 :ref:`类型形参 ` " +"不能使用 :keyword:`!nonlocal` 语句来重新绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The namespace for a module is automatically created the first time a module " +"is imported. The main module for a script is always called :mod:`__main__`." +msgstr "模块的作用域会在模块第一次被导入时自动创建。 一个脚本的主模块总是被命名为 :mod:`__main__`。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Class definition blocks and arguments to :func:`exec` and :func:`eval` are " +"special in the context of name resolution. A class definition is an " +"executable statement that may use and define names. These references follow " +"the normal rules for name resolution with an exception that unbound local " +"variables are looked up in the global namespace. The namespace of the class " +"definition becomes the attribute dictionary of the class. The scope of names" +" defined in a class block is limited to the class block; it does not extend " +"to the code blocks of methods. This includes comprehensions and generator " +"expressions, but it does not include :ref:`annotation scopes `, which have access to their enclosing class scopes. This means that" +" the following will fail::" +msgstr "" +"类定义代码块以及传给 :func:`exec` 和 :func:`eval` 的参数是名称解析的上下文中的特殊情况。 " +"类定义是可能使用并定义名称的可执行语句。 这些引用遵循正常的名称解析规则，例外之处在于未绑定的局部变量会在全局命名空间中查找。 " +"类定义的命名空间会成为该类的属性字典。 在类代码块中定义的名称的作用域会被限制在类代码块中；它不会扩展到方法的代码块中。 " +"这包括推导式和生成器表达式，但不包括 :ref:`标注作用域 `，因为它可以访问所包含的类作用域。 " +"这意味着以下代码将会失败::" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:176 +msgid "" +"class A:\n" +" a = 42\n" +" b = list(a + i for i in range(10))" +msgstr "" +"class A:\n" +" a = 42\n" +" b = list(a + i for i in range(10))" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:180 +msgid "However, the following will succeed::" +msgstr "但是，下面的代码将会成功::" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:182 +msgid "" +"class A:\n" +" type Alias = Nested\n" +" class Nested: pass\n" +"\n" +"print(A.Alias.__value__) # " +msgstr "" +"class A:\n" +" type Alias = Nested\n" +" class Nested: pass\n" +"\n" +"print(A.Alias.__value__) # " + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:191 +msgid "Annotation scopes" +msgstr "标注作用域" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:193 +msgid "" +":ref:`Type parameter lists ` and :keyword:`type` statements " +"introduce *annotation scopes*, which behave mostly like function scopes, but" +" with some exceptions discussed below. :term:`Annotations ` " +"currently do not use annotation scopes, but they are expected to use " +"annotation scopes in Python 3.13 when :pep:`649` is implemented." +msgstr "" +":ref:`类型形参列表 ` 和 :keyword:`type` 语句引入了 " +"*标注作用域*，其行为很像函数作用域，但具有下述的几处例外。 :term:`标注 ` " +"目前没有使用标注作用域，但它们预期会在实现了 :pep:`649` 的 Python 3.13 中使用标注作用域。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:199 +msgid "Annotation scopes are used in the following contexts:" +msgstr "标注作用域将在下列情况中使用:" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:201 +msgid "" +"Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic type aliases `." +msgstr "针对 :ref:`泛型类型别名 ` 的类型形参列表。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:202 +msgid "" +"Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic functions `. A " +"generic function's annotations are executed within the annotation scope, but" +" its defaults and decorators are not." +msgstr "" +"针对 :ref:`泛型函数 ` 的类型形参列表。 泛型函数的标注会在标注作用域内执行，但其默认值和装饰器则不会。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic classes `. A generic" +" class's base classes and keyword arguments are executed within the " +"annotation scope, but its decorators are not." +msgstr "" +"针对 :ref:`泛型类 ` 的类型形参列表。 泛型类的基类和关键字参数会在标注作用域内执行，但其装饰器则不会。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:208 +msgid "" +"The bounds, constraints, and default values for type parameters " +"(:ref:`lazily evaluated `)." +msgstr "针对类型形参的绑定、约束和默认值 (:ref:`惰性求值 `)。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:210 +msgid "The value of type aliases (:ref:`lazily evaluated `)." +msgstr "类型别名的值 (:ref:`惰性求值 `)。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:212 +msgid "Annotation scopes differ from function scopes in the following ways:" +msgstr "标注作用域在以下几个方面不同于函数作用域:" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Annotation scopes have access to their enclosing class namespace. If an " +"annotation scope is immediately within a class scope, or within another " +"annotation scope that is immediately within a class scope, the code in the " +"annotation scope can use names defined in the class scope as if it were " +"executed directly within the class body. This contrasts with regular " +"functions defined within classes, which cannot access names defined in the " +"class scope." +msgstr "" +"标注作用域能够访问其所包含的类命名空间。 " +"如果某个标注作用域紧接在一个类作用域之内，或是位于紧接一个类作用域的另一个标注作用域之内，则该标注作用域中的代码将能使用在该类作用域中定义的名称，就像它是在该类内部直接执行一样。" +" 这不同于在类中定义的常规函数，后者无法访问在类作用域中定义的名称。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Expressions in annotation scopes cannot contain :keyword:`yield`, ``yield " +"from``, :keyword:`await`, or :token:`:= ` expressions. (These expressions are allowed " +"in other scopes contained within the annotation scope.)" +msgstr "" +"标注作用域中的表达式不能包含 :keyword:`yield`, ``yield from``, :keyword:`await` 或 " +":token:`:= ` 表达式。 " +"（这些表达式在包含于标注作用域之内的其他作用域中则是允许的。）" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Names defined in annotation scopes cannot be rebound with " +":keyword:`nonlocal` statements in inner scopes. This includes only type " +"parameters, as no other syntactic elements that can appear within annotation" +" scopes can introduce new names." +msgstr "" +"在标注作用域中定义的名称不能在内部作用域中通过 :keyword:`nonlocal` 语句来重新绑定。 " +"这只包括类型形参，因为没有其他可以在标注作用域内部出现的语法元素能够引入新的名称。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:227 +msgid "" +"While annotation scopes have an internal name, that name is not reflected in" +" the :term:`qualified name` of objects defined within the scope. Instead, " +"the :attr:`~definition.__qualname__` of such objects is as if the object " +"were defined in the enclosing scope." +msgstr "" +"虽然标注作用域具有一个内部名称，但该名称不会反映在作用域内定义的对象的 :term:`qualified name` 中。 相反，这些对象的 " +":attr:`~definition.__qualname__` 就像它们是定义在包含作用域中的对象一样。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Annotation scopes were introduced in Python 3.12 as part of :pep:`695`." +msgstr "标注作用域是在 Python 3.12 中作为 :pep:`695` 的一部分引入的。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:235 +msgid "" +"Annotation scopes are also used for type parameter defaults, as introduced " +"by :pep:`696`." +msgstr "标注作用域也被用于类型形参默认值，这是由 :pep:`696` 引入的。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:242 +msgid "Lazy evaluation" +msgstr "惰性求值" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:244 +msgid "" +"The values of type aliases created through the :keyword:`type` statement are" +" *lazily evaluated*. The same applies to the bounds, constraints, and " +"default values of type variables created through the :ref:`type parameter " +"syntax `. This means that they are not evaluated when the type " +"alias or type variable is created. Instead, they are only evaluated when " +"doing so is necessary to resolve an attribute access." +msgstr "" +"通过 :keyword:`type` 语句创建的类型别名的值将被 *惰性求值*。 此特性也适用于通过 :ref:`类型形参语法 ` 创建的类型变量的绑定、约束和默认值。 这意味着它们在创建类型别名或类型变量时不会被求值。 " +"相反，它们只有在需要处理属性访问时才会被求值。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:251 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:253 +msgid "" +">>> type Alias = 1/0\n" +">>> Alias.__value__\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +">>> def func[T: 1/0](): pass\n" +">>> T = func.__type_params__[0]\n" +">>> T.__bound__\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" +msgstr "" +">>> type Alias = 1/0\n" +">>> Alias.__value__\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +">>> def func[T: 1/0](): pass\n" +">>> T = func.__type_params__[0]\n" +">>> T.__bound__\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Here the exception is raised only when the ``__value__`` attribute of the " +"type alias or the ``__bound__`` attribute of the type variable is accessed." +msgstr "此处的异常只有在类型别名的 ``__value__`` 属性或类型变量的 ``__bound__`` 属性被访问时才会被引发。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:271 +msgid "" +"This behavior is primarily useful for references to types that have not yet " +"been defined when the type alias or type variable is created. For example, " +"lazy evaluation enables creation of mutually recursive type aliases::" +msgstr "此行为主要适用于当创建类型别名或类型变量时对尚未被定义的类型进行引用。 例如，惰性求值将允许创建相互递归的类型别名::" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:275 +msgid "" +"from typing import Literal\n" +"\n" +"type SimpleExpr = int | Parenthesized\n" +"type Parenthesized = tuple[Literal[\"(\"], Expr, Literal[\")\"]]\n" +"type Expr = SimpleExpr | tuple[SimpleExpr, Literal[\"+\", \"-\"], Expr]" +msgstr "" +"from typing import Literal\n" +"\n" +"type SimpleExpr = int | Parenthesized\n" +"type Parenthesized = tuple[Literal[\"(\"], Expr, Literal[\")\"]]\n" +"type Expr = SimpleExpr | tuple[SimpleExpr, Literal[\"+\", \"-\"], Expr]" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Lazily evaluated values are evaluated in :ref:`annotation scope `, which means that names that appear inside the lazily evaluated " +"value are looked up as if they were used in the immediately enclosing scope." +msgstr "" +"被惰性求值的值是在 :ref:`标记作用域 ` " +"内进行求值的，这意味着出现在被惰性求值的值内部的名称的查找范围就相当于它们是在紧邻的作用域中被使用。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:290 +msgid "Builtins and restricted execution" +msgstr "内置命名空间和受限的执行" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:296 +msgid "" +"Users should not touch ``__builtins__``; it is strictly an implementation " +"detail. Users wanting to override values in the builtins namespace should " +":keyword:`import` the :mod:`builtins` module and modify its attributes " +"appropriately." +msgstr "" +"用户不应该接触 ``__builtins__``，严格说来它属于实现细节。 用户如果要重载内置命名空间中的值则应该 :keyword:`import` " +":mod:`builtins` 并相应地修改该模块中的属性。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:301 +msgid "" +"The builtins namespace associated with the execution of a code block is " +"actually found by looking up the name ``__builtins__`` in its global " +"namespace; this should be a dictionary or a module (in the latter case the " +"module's dictionary is used). By default, when in the :mod:`__main__` " +"module, ``__builtins__`` is the built-in module :mod:`builtins`; when in any" +" other module, ``__builtins__`` is an alias for the dictionary of the " +":mod:`builtins` module itself." +msgstr "" +"与一个代码块的执行相关联的内置命名空间实际上是通过在其全局命名空间中搜索名称 ``__builtins__`` " +"来找到的；这应该是一个字典或一个模块（在后一种情况下会使用该模块的字典）。 默认情况下，当在 :mod:`__main__` " +"模块中时，``__builtins__`` 就是内置模块 :mod:`builtins`；当在任何其他模块中时，``__builtins__`` 则是 " +":mod:`builtins` 模块自身的字典的一个别名。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:313 +msgid "Interaction with dynamic features" +msgstr "与动态特性的交互" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Name resolution of free variables occurs at runtime, not at compile time. " +"This means that the following code will print 42::" +msgstr "自由变量的名称解析发生于运行时而不是编译时。 这意味着以下代码将打印出 42::" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:318 +msgid "" +"i = 10\n" +"def f():\n" +" print(i)\n" +"i = 42\n" +"f()" +msgstr "" +"i = 10\n" +"def f():\n" +" print(i)\n" +"i = 42\n" +"f()" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:326 +msgid "" +"The :func:`eval` and :func:`exec` functions do not have access to the full " +"environment for resolving names. Names may be resolved in the local and " +"global namespaces of the caller. Free variables are not resolved in the " +"nearest enclosing namespace, but in the global namespace. [#]_ The " +":func:`exec` and :func:`eval` functions have optional arguments to override " +"the global and local namespace. If only one namespace is specified, it is " +"used for both." +msgstr "" +":func:`eval` 和 :func:`exec` 函数没有对完整环境的访问权限来解析名称。 名称可以在调用者的局部和全局命名空间中被解析。 " +"自由变量的解析不是在最近包含命名空间中，而是在全局命名空间中。 [#]_ :func:`exec` 和 :func:`eval` " +"函数有可选参数用来重载全局和局部命名空间。 如果只指定一个命名空间，则它会同时作用于两者。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:340 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:351 +msgid "" +"Exceptions are a means of breaking out of the normal flow of control of a " +"code block in order to handle errors or other exceptional conditions. An " +"exception is *raised* at the point where the error is detected; it may be " +"*handled* by the surrounding code block or by any code block that directly " +"or indirectly invoked the code block where the error occurred." +msgstr "" +"异常是中断代码块的正常控制流程以便处理错误或其他异常条件的一种方式。 异常会在错误被检测到的位置 " +"*引发*，它可以被当前包围代码块或是任何直接或间接唤起发生错误的代码块的其他代码块所 *处理*。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:357 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter raises an exception when it detects a run-time error " +"(such as division by zero). A Python program can also explicitly raise an " +"exception with the :keyword:`raise` statement. Exception handlers are " +"specified with the :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` statement. The " +":keyword:`finally` clause of such a statement can be used to specify cleanup" +" code which does not handle the exception, but is executed whether an " +"exception occurred or not in the preceding code." +msgstr "" +"Python 解析器会在检测到运行时错误（例如零作为被除数）的时候引发异常。 Python 程序也可以通过 :keyword:`raise` " +"语句显式地引发异常。 异常处理是通过 :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` 语句来指定的。 该语句的 " +":keyword:`finally` 子句可被用来指定清理代码，它并不处理异常，而是无论之前的代码是否发生异常都会被执行。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:367 +msgid "" +"Python uses the \"termination\" model of error handling: an exception " +"handler can find out what happened and continue execution at an outer level," +" but it cannot repair the cause of the error and retry the failing operation" +" (except by re-entering the offending piece of code from the top)." +msgstr "" +"Python " +"的错误处理采用的是“终止”模型：异常处理器可以找出发生了什么问题，并在外层继续执行，但它不能修复错误的根源并重试失败的操作（除非通过从顶层重新进入出错的代码片段）。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:374 +msgid "" +"When an exception is not handled at all, the interpreter terminates " +"execution of the program, or returns to its interactive main loop. In " +"either case, it prints a stack traceback, except when the exception is " +":exc:`SystemExit`." +msgstr "" +"当一个异常完全未被处理时，解释器会终止程序的执行，或者返回交互模式的主循环。 无论是哪种情况，它都会打印栈回溯信息，除非是当异常为 " +":exc:`SystemExit` 的时候。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Exceptions are identified by class instances. The :keyword:`except` clause " +"is selected depending on the class of the instance: it must reference the " +"class of the instance or a :term:`non-virtual base class ` thereof. The instance can be received by the handler and can carry " +"additional information about the exceptional condition." +msgstr "" +"异常是通过类实例来标识的。 :keyword:`except` 子句会依据实例的类来选择：它必须引用实例的类或是其所属的 :term:`非虚基类 " +"` 。 实例可通过处理器被接收，并可携带有关异常条件的附加信息。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Exception messages are not part of the Python API. Their contents may " +"change from one version of Python to the next without warning and should not" +" be relied on by code which will run under multiple versions of the " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" +"异常消息不是 Python API 的组成部分。 其内容可能在 Python " +"升级到新版本时不经警告地发生改变，不应该被需要在多版本解释器中运行的代码所依赖。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:390 +msgid "" +"See also the description of the :keyword:`try` statement in section " +":ref:`try` and :keyword:`raise` statement in section :ref:`raise`." +msgstr "" +"另请参看 :ref:`try` 小节中对 :keyword:`try` 语句的描述以及 :ref:`raise` 小节中对 " +":keyword:`raise` 语句的描述。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:395 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:396 +msgid "" +"This limitation occurs because the code that is executed by these operations" +" is not available at the time the module is compiled." +msgstr "出现这样的限制是由于通过这些操作执行的代码在模块被编译的时候并不可用。" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:8 +msgid "execution model" +msgstr "执行模型" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:8 +msgid "code" +msgstr "code -- 代码" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:8 ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:17 +msgid "block" +msgstr "block" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:31 +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:292 +msgid "execution" +msgstr "执行" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:31 +msgid "frame" +msgstr "frame -- 帧" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:42 +msgid "namespace" +msgstr "namespace -- 命名空间" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:42 +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:103 +msgid "scope" +msgstr "作用域" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:51 +msgid "name" +msgstr "name" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:51 +msgid "binding" +msgstr "绑定" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:57 +msgid "from" +msgstr "from" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:57 +msgid "import statement" +msgstr "import 语句" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:87 +msgid "free" +msgstr "free" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:87 +msgid "variable" +msgstr "variable" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:111 +msgid "environment" +msgstr "环境" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:117 +msgid "NameError (built-in exception)" +msgstr "NameError (内置异常)" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:117 +msgid "UnboundLocalError" +msgstr "UnboundLocalError" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:158 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:158 +msgid "__main__" +msgstr "__main__" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:292 +msgid "restricted" +msgstr "restricted" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:342 +msgid "exception" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:344 +msgid "raise an exception" +msgstr "引发异常" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:344 +msgid "handle an exception" +msgstr "处理异常" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:344 +msgid "exception handler" +msgstr "异常处理器" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:344 +msgid "errors" +msgstr "错误" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:344 +msgid "error handling" +msgstr "错误处理" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:365 +msgid "termination model" +msgstr "终结模型termination model" + +#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:372 +msgid "SystemExit (built-in exception)" +msgstr "SystemExit (内置异常)" diff --git a/reference/expressions.po b/reference/expressions.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79f540703 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/expressions.po @@ -0,0 +1,3633 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 操旭 , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Fred , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# cissoid , 2023 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# helloworldSB , 2023 +# sgqy , 2023 +# Y. Z. Chen <754097987@qq.com>, 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2024 +# lqks, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-15 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:6 +msgid "Expressions" +msgstr "表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:10 +msgid "" +"This chapter explains the meaning of the elements of expressions in Python." +msgstr "本章将解释 Python 中组成表达式的各种元素的的含义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:12 +msgid "" +"**Syntax Notes:** In this and the following chapters, extended BNF notation " +"will be used to describe syntax, not lexical analysis. When (one " +"alternative of) a syntax rule has the form" +msgstr "**语法注释:** 在本章和后续章节中，会使用扩展 BNF 标注来描述语法而不是词法分析。 当（某种替代的）语法规则具有如下形式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:19 +msgid "" +"and no semantics are given, the semantics of this form of ``name`` are the " +"same as for ``othername``." +msgstr "并且没有给出语义，则这种形式的 ``name`` 在语法上与 ``othername`` 相同。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:26 +msgid "Arithmetic conversions" +msgstr "算术转换" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:30 +msgid "" +"When a description of an arithmetic operator below uses the phrase \"the " +"numeric arguments are converted to a common type\", this means that the " +"operator implementation for built-in types works as follows:" +msgstr "当对下述某个算术运算符的描述中使用了“数值参数被转换为普通类型”这样的说法，这意味着内置类型的运算符实现采用了如下运作方式:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:34 +msgid "" +"If either argument is a complex number, the other is converted to complex;" +msgstr "如果任一参数为复数，另一参数会被转换为复数；" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:36 +msgid "" +"otherwise, if either argument is a floating-point number, the other is " +"converted to floating point;" +msgstr "否则，如果任一参数为浮点数，另一参数将被转换为浮点数。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:39 +msgid "otherwise, both must be integers and no conversion is necessary." +msgstr "否则，两者应该都为整数，不需要进行转换。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:41 +msgid "" +"Some additional rules apply for certain operators (e.g., a string as a left " +"argument to the '%' operator). Extensions must define their own conversion " +"behavior." +msgstr "某些附加规则会作用于特定运算符（例如，字符串作为 '%' 运算符的左运算参数）。 扩展必须定义它们自己的转换行为。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:49 +msgid "Atoms" +msgstr "原子" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:53 +msgid "" +"Atoms are the most basic elements of expressions. The simplest atoms are " +"identifiers or literals. Forms enclosed in parentheses, brackets or braces " +"are also categorized syntactically as atoms. The syntax for atoms is:" +msgstr "" +"“原子”指表达式的最基本构成元素。 最简单的原子是标识符和字面值。 以圆括号、方括号或花括号包括的形式在语法上也被归类为原子。 原子的句法为:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:66 +msgid "Identifiers (Names)" +msgstr "标识符（名称）" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:70 +msgid "" +"An identifier occurring as an atom is a name. See section " +":ref:`identifiers` for lexical definition and section :ref:`naming` for " +"documentation of naming and binding." +msgstr "" +"作为原子出现的标识符叫做名称。 请参看 :ref:`identifiers` 一节了解其词法定义，以及 :ref:`naming` " +"获取有关命名与绑定的文档。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:76 +msgid "" +"When the name is bound to an object, evaluation of the atom yields that " +"object. When a name is not bound, an attempt to evaluate it raises a " +":exc:`NameError` exception." +msgstr "当名称被绑定到一个对象时，对该原子求值将返回相应对象。 当名称未被绑定时，尝试对其求值将引发 :exc:`NameError` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:87 +msgid "Private name mangling" +msgstr "私有名称的 mangling" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:89 +msgid "" +"When an identifier that textually occurs in a class definition begins with " +"two or more underscore characters and does not end in two or more " +"underscores, it is considered a :dfn:`private name` of that class." +msgstr "当类定义中出现的标识符，以两个或更多下划线开头，并且不以两个或更多下划线结尾，就称它为类的 :dfn:`private name` 。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:95 +msgid "The :ref:`class specifications `." +msgstr ":ref:`类规范说明 `。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:97 +msgid "" +"More precisely, private names are transformed to a longer form before code " +"is generated for them. If the transformed name is longer than 255 " +"characters, implementation-defined truncation may happen." +msgstr "更具体地，私有名称在其字节码生成之前即被转为更长的名字。如果转换后的名字长于255字符，实现可以决定缩短。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The transformation is independent of the syntactical context in which the " +"identifier is used but only the following private identifiers are mangled:" +msgstr "这一转换过程和标识符使用的语法上下文无关，仅有以下几种私有标识符会被mangle：" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Any name used as the name of a variable that is assigned or read or any name" +" of an attribute being accessed." +msgstr "用作被分配或读取的变量的名字的，或者用作被访问的属性的名字的。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:107 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~definition.__name__` attribute of nested functions, classes, and" +" type aliases is however not mangled." +msgstr "但是嵌套的函数、类和类型别名的 :attr:`~definition.__name__` 属性不会被 mangle。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:110 +msgid "" +"The name of imported modules, e.g., ``__spam`` in ``import __spam``. If the " +"module is part of a package (i.e., its name contains a dot), the name is " +"*not* mangled, e.g., the ``__foo`` in ``import __foo.bar`` is not mangled." +msgstr "" +"导入的模块的名称，例如``import __spam``中的``__spam``。若模块属于一个包（即它的名称中有点号），这个名称 *不会* " +"被mangle，比如``import __foo.bar``中的``__foo``不会被mangle。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:115 +msgid "" +"The name of an imported member, e.g., ``__f`` in ``from spam import __f``." +msgstr "导入的成员的名称，比如``from spam import __f``中的``__f``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:117 +msgid "The transformation rule is defined as follows:" +msgstr "转换规则的定义如下：" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:119 +msgid "" +"The class name, with leading underscores removed and a single leading " +"underscore inserted, is inserted in front of the identifier, e.g., the " +"identifier ``__spam`` occurring in a class named ``Foo``, ``_Foo`` or " +"``__Foo`` is transformed to ``_Foo__spam``." +msgstr "" +"类名称，先移除全部的开头下划线并插入一个开头下划线，再插入到标识符的前面，例如出现在名为 ``Foo``, ``_Foo`` 或 ``__Foo`` " +"类中的标识符 ``__spam`` 将被转换为 ``_Foo__spam``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:124 +msgid "" +"If the class name consists only of underscores, the transformation is the " +"identity, e.g., the identifier ``__spam`` occurring in a class named ``_`` " +"or ``__`` is left as is." +msgstr "" +"如果类名称仅由下划线组成，则转换为标识符本身，例如出现在名为 ``_`` 或 ``__`` 类中的标识符 ``__spam`` 将保持原样。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:131 +msgid "Literals" +msgstr "字面值" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Python supports string and bytes literals and various numeric literals:" +msgstr "Python 支持字符串和字节串字面值，以及几种数字字面值:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Evaluation of a literal yields an object of the given type (string, bytes, " +"integer, floating-point number, complex number) with the given value. The " +"value may be approximated in the case of floating-point and imaginary " +"(complex) literals. See section :ref:`literals` for details." +msgstr "" +"对字面值求值将返回一个该值所对应类型的对象（字符串、字节串、整数、浮点数、复数）。 对于浮点数和虚数（复数）的情况，该值可能为近似值。 详情参见 " +":ref:`literals`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:150 +msgid "" +"All literals correspond to immutable data types, and hence the object's " +"identity is less important than its value. Multiple evaluations of literals" +" with the same value (either the same occurrence in the program text or a " +"different occurrence) may obtain the same object or a different object with " +"the same value." +msgstr "" +"所有字面值都对应于不可变数据类型，因此对象标识的重要性不如其实际值。 " +"多次对具有相同值的字面值求值（不论是发生在程序文本的相同位置还是不同位置）可能得到相同对象或是具有相同值的不同对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:160 +msgid "Parenthesized forms" +msgstr "带圆括号的形式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:166 +msgid "" +"A parenthesized form is an optional expression list enclosed in parentheses:" +msgstr "带圆括号的形式是包含在圆括号中的可选表达式列表。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:171 +msgid "" +"A parenthesized expression list yields whatever that expression list yields:" +" if the list contains at least one comma, it yields a tuple; otherwise, it " +"yields the single expression that makes up the expression list." +msgstr "" +"带圆括号的表达式列表将返回该表达式列表所产生的任何东西：如果该列表包含至少一个逗号，它会产生一个元组；否则，它会产生该表达式列表所对应的单一表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:177 +msgid "" +"An empty pair of parentheses yields an empty tuple object. Since tuples are" +" immutable, the same rules as for literals apply (i.e., two occurrences of " +"the empty tuple may or may not yield the same object)." +msgstr "" +"一对内容为空的圆括号将产生一个空的元组对象。 由于元组是不可变对象，因此适用与字面值相同的规则（即两次出现的空元组产生的对象可能相同也可能不同）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:185 +msgid "" +"Note that tuples are not formed by the parentheses, but rather by use of the" +" comma. The exception is the empty tuple, for which parentheses *are* " +"required --- allowing unparenthesized \"nothing\" in expressions would cause" +" ambiguities and allow common typos to pass uncaught." +msgstr "" +"请注意元组并不是由圆括号构建的，实际起作用的是逗号。 例外情况是空元组，这时圆括号 *才是* 必须的 --- " +"允许在表达式中使用不带圆括号的“空”会导致歧义并会造成常见输入错误无法被捕获。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:194 +msgid "Displays for lists, sets and dictionaries" +msgstr "列表、集合与字典的显示" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:198 +msgid "" +"For constructing a list, a set or a dictionary Python provides special " +"syntax called \"displays\", each of them in two flavors:" +msgstr "为了构建列表、集合或字典，Python 提供了名为“显示”的特殊句法，每个类型各有两种形式:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:201 +msgid "either the container contents are listed explicitly, or" +msgstr "第一种是显式地列出容器内容" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:203 +msgid "" +"they are computed via a set of looping and filtering instructions, called a " +":dfn:`comprehension`." +msgstr "第二种是通过一组循环和筛选指令计算出来，称为 :dfn:`推导式`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:211 +msgid "Common syntax elements for comprehensions are:" +msgstr "推导式的常用句法元素为:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:219 +msgid "" +"The comprehension consists of a single expression followed by at least one " +":keyword:`!for` clause and zero or more :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!if` " +"clauses. In this case, the elements of the new container are those that " +"would be produced by considering each of the :keyword:`!for` or " +":keyword:`!if` clauses a block, nesting from left to right, and evaluating " +"the expression to produce an element each time the innermost block is " +"reached." +msgstr "" +"推导式的结构是一个单独表达式后面加至少一个 :keyword:`!for` 子句以及零个或更多个 :keyword:`!for` 或 " +":keyword:`!if` 子句。 在这种情况下，新容器的元素产生方式是将每个 :keyword:`!for` 或 :keyword:`!if` " +"子句视为一个代码块，按从左至右的顺序嵌套，然后每次到达最内层代码块时就对表达式进行求值以产生一个元素。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:226 +msgid "" +"However, aside from the iterable expression in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` " +"clause, the comprehension is executed in a separate implicitly nested scope." +" This ensures that names assigned to in the target list don't \"leak\" into " +"the enclosing scope." +msgstr "" +"不过，除了最左边 :keyword:`!for` 子句中的可迭代表达式，推导式是在另一个隐式嵌套的作用域内执行的。 " +"这能确保赋给目标列表的名称不会“泄露”到外层的作用域。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:230 +msgid "" +"The iterable expression in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause is evaluated " +"directly in the enclosing scope and then passed as an argument to the " +"implicitly nested scope. Subsequent :keyword:`!for` clauses and any filter " +"condition in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause cannot be evaluated in the " +"enclosing scope as they may depend on the values obtained from the leftmost " +"iterable. For example: ``[x*y for x in range(10) for y in range(x, x+10)]``." +msgstr "" +"最左边的 :keyword:`!for` 子句中的可迭代对象表达式会直接在外层作用域中被求值，然后作为一个参数被传给隐式嵌套的作用域。 后续的 " +":keyword:`!for` 子句以及最左侧 :keyword:`!for` " +"子句中的任何筛选条件不能在外层作用域中被求值，因为它们可能依赖于从最左侧可迭代对象中获得的值。 例如: ``[x*y for x in " +"range(10) for y in range(x, x+10)]``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:237 +msgid "" +"To ensure the comprehension always results in a container of the appropriate" +" type, ``yield`` and ``yield from`` expressions are prohibited in the " +"implicitly nested scope." +msgstr "为了确保推导式得出的结果总是一个类型正确的容器，在隐式嵌套作用域内禁止使用 ``yield`` 和 ``yield from`` 表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Since Python 3.6, in an :keyword:`async def` function, an :keyword:`!async " +"for` clause may be used to iterate over a :term:`asynchronous iterator`. A " +"comprehension in an :keyword:`!async def` function may consist of either a " +":keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!async for` clause following the leading " +"expression, may contain additional :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!async for` " +"clauses, and may also use :keyword:`await` expressions." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.6 开始，在 :keyword:`async def` 函数中，可以使用 :keyword:`!async for` 子句来迭代 " +":term:`asynchronous iterator`。 在 :keyword:`!async def` 函数中的推导式可以由打头的表达式后跟一个 " +":keyword:`!for` 或 :keyword:`!async for` 子句组成，并可能包含附加的 :keyword:`!for` 或 " +":keyword:`!async for` 子句，还可能使用 :keyword:`await` 表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:251 +msgid "" +"If a comprehension contains :keyword:`!async for` clauses, or if it contains" +" :keyword:`!await` expressions or other asynchronous comprehensions anywhere" +" except the iterable expression in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause, it " +"is called an :dfn:`asynchronous comprehension`. An asynchronous " +"comprehension may suspend the execution of the coroutine function in which " +"it appears. See also :pep:`530`." +msgstr "" +"如果一个推导式包含 :keyword:`!async for` 子句，或者如果它在最左侧的 :keyword:`!for` " +"子句中可迭代对象表达式以外的任何地方包含 :keyword:`!await` 表达式或其他异步推导式，那它就被称为 :dfn:`asynchronous" +" comprehension`。 异步推导式可以挂起它所在的协程函数的执行。 另请参阅 :pep:`530`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:258 +msgid "Asynchronous comprehensions were introduced." +msgstr "引入了异步推导式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:261 ../../reference/expressions.rst:439 +msgid "" +"``yield`` and ``yield from`` prohibited in the implicitly nested scope." +msgstr "``yield`` 和 ``yield from`` 在隐式嵌套的作用域中已被禁用。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Asynchronous comprehensions are now allowed inside comprehensions in " +"asynchronous functions. Outer comprehensions implicitly become asynchronous." +msgstr "现在允许在异步函数的推导式中使用异步推导式。 外部推导式将隐式地转为异步的。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:273 +msgid "List displays" +msgstr "列表显示" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:283 +msgid "" +"A list display is a possibly empty series of expressions enclosed in square " +"brackets:" +msgstr "列表显示是一个用方括号括起来的可能为空的表达式系列:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:289 +msgid "" +"A list display yields a new list object, the contents being specified by " +"either a list of expressions or a comprehension. When a comma-separated " +"list of expressions is supplied, its elements are evaluated from left to " +"right and placed into the list object in that order. When a comprehension " +"is supplied, the list is constructed from the elements resulting from the " +"comprehension." +msgstr "" +"列表显示会产生一个新的列表对象，其内容通过一系列表达式或一个推导式来指定。 " +"当提供由逗号分隔的一系列表达式时，其元素会从左至右被求值并按此顺序放入列表对象。 当提供一个推导式时，列表会根据推导式所产生的结果元素进行构建。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:299 +msgid "Set displays" +msgstr "集合显示" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:308 +msgid "" +"A set display is denoted by curly braces and distinguishable from dictionary" +" displays by the lack of colons separating keys and values:" +msgstr "集合显示是用花括号标明的，与字典显示的区别在于没有冒号分隔的键和值:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:314 +msgid "" +"A set display yields a new mutable set object, the contents being specified " +"by either a sequence of expressions or a comprehension. When a comma-" +"separated list of expressions is supplied, its elements are evaluated from " +"left to right and added to the set object. When a comprehension is " +"supplied, the set is constructed from the elements resulting from the " +"comprehension." +msgstr "" +"集合显示会产生一个新的可变集合对象，其内容通过一系列表达式或一个推导式来指定。 " +"当提供由逗号分隔的一系列表达式时，其元素会从左至右被求值并加入到集合对象。 当提供一个推导式时，集合会根据推导式所产生的结果元素进行构建。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:320 +msgid "" +"An empty set cannot be constructed with ``{}``; this literal constructs an " +"empty dictionary." +msgstr "空集合不能用 ``{}`` 来构建；该字面值所构建的是一个空字典。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:327 +msgid "Dictionary displays" +msgstr "字典显示" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:338 +msgid "" +"A dictionary display is a possibly empty series of dict items (key/value " +"pairs) enclosed in curly braces:" +msgstr "字典显示是一个用花括号括起来的可能为空的字典条目（键/值对）系列:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:347 +msgid "A dictionary display yields a new dictionary object." +msgstr "字典显示会产生一个新的字典对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:349 +msgid "" +"If a comma-separated sequence of dict items is given, they are evaluated " +"from left to right to define the entries of the dictionary: each key object " +"is used as a key into the dictionary to store the corresponding value. This" +" means that you can specify the same key multiple times in the dict item " +"list, and the final dictionary's value for that key will be the last one " +"given." +msgstr "" +"如果给出一个由逗号分隔的字典条目序列，它们会从左至右被求值以定义字典的条目：每个键对象会被用作字典中存放相应值的键。 " +"这意味着你可以在字典条目列表中多次指定相同的键，而最终字典的值将由最后一次给出的键决定。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:359 +msgid "" +"A double asterisk ``**`` denotes :dfn:`dictionary unpacking`. Its operand " +"must be a :term:`mapping`. Each mapping item is added to the new " +"dictionary. Later values replace values already set by earlier dict items " +"and earlier dictionary unpackings." +msgstr "" +"双星号 ``**`` 表示 :dfn:`字典拆包`。 它的操作数必须是一个 :term:`mapping`。 每个映射项会被加入到新的字典。 " +"后续的值会替换先前的字典项和先前的字典拆包所设置的值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:364 +msgid "Unpacking into dictionary displays, originally proposed by :pep:`448`." +msgstr "拆包到字典显示，最初由 :pep:`448` 提出。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:367 +msgid "" +"A dict comprehension, in contrast to list and set comprehensions, needs two " +"expressions separated with a colon followed by the usual \"for\" and \"if\" " +"clauses. When the comprehension is run, the resulting key and value elements" +" are inserted in the new dictionary in the order they are produced." +msgstr "" +"字典推导式与列表和集合推导式有所不同，它需要以冒号分隔的两个表达式，后面带上标准的 \"for\" 和 \"if\" 子句。 " +"当推导式被执行时，作为结果的键和值元素会按它们的产生顺序被加入新的字典。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:375 +msgid "" +"Restrictions on the types of the key values are listed earlier in section " +":ref:`types`. (To summarize, the key type should be :term:`hashable`, which" +" excludes all mutable objects.) Clashes between duplicate keys are not " +"detected; the last value (textually rightmost in the display) stored for a " +"given key value prevails." +msgstr "" +"对键的取值类型的限制已列在之前的 :ref:`types` 一节中。 （总的说来，键的类型应为 " +":term:`hashable`，这就排除了所有可变对象。） " +"重复键之间的冲突不会被检测；指定键所保存的最后一个值（即在显示中排最右边的文本）将为最终的值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:381 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.8, in dict comprehensions, the evaluation order of key and" +" value was not well-defined. In CPython, the value was evaluated before the" +" key. Starting with 3.8, the key is evaluated before the value, as proposed" +" by :pep:`572`." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.8 之前的字典推导式中，并没有定义好键和值的求值顺序。 在 CPython 中，值会先于键被求值。 根据 :pep:`572` " +"的提议，从 3.8 开始，键会先于值被求值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:391 +msgid "Generator expressions" +msgstr "生成器表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:398 +msgid "A generator expression is a compact generator notation in parentheses:" +msgstr "生成器表达式是用圆括号括起来的紧凑形式生成器标注。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:403 +msgid "" +"A generator expression yields a new generator object. Its syntax is the " +"same as for comprehensions, except that it is enclosed in parentheses " +"instead of brackets or curly braces." +msgstr "生成器表达式会产生一个新的生成器对象。 其句法与推导式相同，区别在于它是用圆括号而不是用方括号或花括号括起来的。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Variables used in the generator expression are evaluated lazily when the " +":meth:`~generator.__next__` method is called for the generator object (in " +"the same fashion as normal generators). However, the iterable expression in" +" the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause is immediately evaluated, so that an " +"error produced by it will be emitted at the point where the generator " +"expression is defined, rather than at the point where the first value is " +"retrieved. Subsequent :keyword:`!for` clauses and any filter condition in " +"the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause cannot be evaluated in the enclosing " +"scope as they may depend on the values obtained from the leftmost iterable. " +"For example: ``(x*y for x in range(10) for y in range(x, x+10))``." +msgstr "" +"在生成器表达式中使用的变量会在为生成器对象调用 :meth:`~generator.__next__` " +"方法的时候以惰性方式被求值（即与普通生成器相同的方式）。 但是，最左侧 :keyword:`!for` " +"子句内的可迭代对象是会被立即求值的，因此它所造成的错误会在生成器表达式被定义时被检测到，而不是在获取第一个值时才出错。 后续的 " +":keyword:`!for` 子句以及最左侧 :keyword:`!for` " +"子句内的任何筛选条件无法在外层作用域内被求值，因为它们可能会依赖于从最左侧可迭代对象获取的值。 例如: ``(x*y for x in " +"range(10) for y in range(x, x+10))``." + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:418 +msgid "" +"The parentheses can be omitted on calls with only one argument. See section" +" :ref:`calls` for details." +msgstr "圆括号在只附带一个参数的调用中可以被省略。 详情参见 :ref:`calls` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:421 +msgid "" +"To avoid interfering with the expected operation of the generator expression" +" itself, ``yield`` and ``yield from`` expressions are prohibited in the " +"implicitly defined generator." +msgstr "为了避免干扰到生成器表达式本身的预期操作，禁止在隐式定义的生成器中使用 ``yield`` 和 ``yield from`` 表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:425 +msgid "" +"If a generator expression contains either :keyword:`!async for` clauses or " +":keyword:`await` expressions it is called an :dfn:`asynchronous generator " +"expression`. An asynchronous generator expression returns a new " +"asynchronous generator object, which is an asynchronous iterator (see " +":ref:`async-iterators`)." +msgstr "" +"如果生成器表达式包含 :keyword:`!async for` 子句或 :keyword:`await` 表达式，则称为 " +":dfn:`异步生成器表达式`。 异步生成器表达式会返回一个新的异步生成器对象，此对象属于异步迭代器 (参见 :ref:`async-" +"iterators`)。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:431 +msgid "Asynchronous generator expressions were introduced." +msgstr "引入了异步生成器表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:434 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.7, asynchronous generator expressions could only appear in" +" :keyword:`async def` coroutines. Starting with 3.7, any function can use " +"asynchronous generator expressions." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.7 之前，异步生成器表达式只能在 :keyword:`async def` 协和中出现。 从 3.7 " +"开始，任何函数都可以使用异步生成器表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:446 +msgid "Yield expressions" +msgstr "yield 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:459 +msgid "" +"The yield expression is used when defining a :term:`generator` function or " +"an :term:`asynchronous generator` function and thus can only be used in the " +"body of a function definition. Using a yield expression in a function's " +"body causes that function to be a generator function, and using it in an " +":keyword:`async def` function's body causes that coroutine function to be an" +" asynchronous generator function. For example::" +msgstr "" +"yield 表达式在定义 :term:`generator` 函数或 :term:`asynchronous generator` " +"函数时才会用到因此只能在函数定义的内部使用。 在一个函数体内使用 yield 表达式会使这个函数变成一个生成器函数，而在一个 " +":keyword:`async def` 函数的内部使用它则会让这个协程函数变成一个异步生成器函数。 例如::" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:466 +msgid "" +"def gen(): # defines a generator function\n" +" yield 123\n" +"\n" +"async def agen(): # defines an asynchronous generator function\n" +" yield 123" +msgstr "" +"def gen(): # 定义一个生成器函数\n" +" yield 123\n" +"\n" +"async def agen(): # 定义一个异步生成器函数\n" +" yield 123" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:472 +msgid "" +"Due to their side effects on the containing scope, ``yield`` expressions are" +" not permitted as part of the implicitly defined scopes used to implement " +"comprehensions and generator expressions." +msgstr "由于它们会对外层作用域造成附带影响，``yield`` 表达式不被允许作为用于实现推导式和生成器表达式的隐式定义作用域的一部分。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:476 +msgid "" +"Yield expressions prohibited in the implicitly nested scopes used to " +"implement comprehensions and generator expressions." +msgstr "禁止在实现推导式和生成器表达式的隐式嵌套作用域中使用 yield 表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:480 +msgid "" +"Generator functions are described below, while asynchronous generator " +"functions are described separately in section :ref:`asynchronous-generator-" +"functions`." +msgstr "" +"下面是对生成器函数的描述，异步生成器函数会在 :ref:`asynchronous-generator-functions` 一节中单独介绍。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:484 +msgid "" +"When a generator function is called, it returns an iterator known as a " +"generator. That generator then controls the execution of the generator " +"function. The execution starts when one of the generator's methods is " +"called. At that time, the execution proceeds to the first yield expression, " +"where it is suspended again, returning the value of :token:`~python-" +"grammar:yield_list` to the generator's caller, or ``None`` if " +":token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` is omitted. By suspended, we mean that " +"all local state is retained, including the current bindings of local " +"variables, the instruction pointer, the internal evaluation stack, and the " +"state of any exception handling. When the execution is resumed by calling " +"one of the generator's methods, the function can proceed exactly as if the " +"yield expression were just another external call. The value of the yield " +"expression after resuming depends on the method which resumed the execution." +" If :meth:`~generator.__next__` is used (typically via either a " +":keyword:`for` or the :func:`next` builtin) then the result is " +":const:`None`. Otherwise, if :meth:`~generator.send` is used, then the " +"result will be the value passed in to that method." +msgstr "" +"当一个生成器函数被调用时，它将返回一个名为生成器的迭代器。 然后这个生成器将控制生成器函数的执行。 执行过程会在这个生成器的某个方法被调用时开始。 " +"这时，函数会执行到第一个 yield 表达式，在那里它将再次被挂起，向生成器的调用方返回 :token:`~python-" +"grammar:yield_list` 的值，或者如果 :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` 被省略则返回 " +"``None``。 所谓的挂起，就是说所有局部状态都会被保留，包括局部变量的当前绑定、指令指针、内部求值栈及任何异常处理等等。 " +"当通过调用生成器的某个方法恢复执行时，这个函数的运行就与 yield 表达式只是一个外部调用的情况完全一样。 在恢复执行后 yield " +"表达式的值取决于恢复执行所调用的方法。 如果是用 :meth:`~generator.__next__` (一般是通过 :keyword:`for` " +"或者 :func:`next` 内置函数) 则结果为 :const:`None`。 在其他情况下，如果是用 " +":meth:`~generator.send`，则结果将为传给该方法的值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:504 +msgid "" +"All of this makes generator functions quite similar to coroutines; they " +"yield multiple times, they have more than one entry point and their " +"execution can be suspended. The only difference is that a generator " +"function cannot control where the execution should continue after it yields;" +" the control is always transferred to the generator's caller." +msgstr "" +"所有这些使生成器函数与协程非常相似；它们 yield 多次，它们具有多个入口点，并且它们的执行可以被挂起。唯一的区别是生成器函数不能控制在它在 " +"yield 后交给哪里继续执行；控制权总是转移到生成器的调用者。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Yield expressions are allowed anywhere in a :keyword:`try` construct. If " +"the generator is not resumed before it is finalized (by reaching a zero " +"reference count or by being garbage collected), the generator-iterator's " +":meth:`~generator.close` method will be called, allowing any pending " +":keyword:`finally` clauses to execute." +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`try` " +"结构中的任何位置都允许yield表达式。如果生成器在(因为引用计数到零或是因为被垃圾回收)销毁之前没有恢复执行，将调用生成器-迭代器的 " +":meth:`~generator.close` 方法. close 方法允许任何挂起的 :keyword:`finally` 子句执行。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:519 +msgid "" +"When ``yield from `` is used, the supplied expression must be an " +"iterable. The values produced by iterating that iterable are passed directly" +" to the caller of the current generator's methods. Any values passed in with" +" :meth:`~generator.send` and any exceptions passed in with " +":meth:`~generator.throw` are passed to the underlying iterator if it has the" +" appropriate methods. If this is not the case, then :meth:`~generator.send`" +" will raise :exc:`AttributeError` or :exc:`TypeError`, while " +":meth:`~generator.throw` will just raise the passed in exception " +"immediately." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``yield from `` 时，所提供的表达式必须是一个可迭代对象。 " +"迭代该可迭代对象所产生的值会被直接传递给当前生成器方法的调用者。 任何通过 :meth:`~generator.send` 传入的值以及任何通过 " +":meth:`~generator.throw` 传入的异常如果有适当的方法则会被传给下层迭代器。 如果不是这种情况，那么 " +":meth:`~generator.send` 将引发 :exc:`AttributeError` 或 :exc:`TypeError`，而 " +":meth:`~generator.throw` 将立即引发所转入的异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:528 +msgid "" +"When the underlying iterator is complete, the :attr:`~StopIteration.value` " +"attribute of the raised :exc:`StopIteration` instance becomes the value of " +"the yield expression. It can be either set explicitly when raising " +":exc:`StopIteration`, or automatically when the subiterator is a generator " +"(by returning a value from the subgenerator)." +msgstr "" +"当下层迭代器完成时，被引发的 :exc:`StopIteration` 实例的 :attr:`~StopIteration.value` 属性会成为 " +"yield 表达式的值。 它可以在引发 :exc:`StopIteration` " +"时被显式地设置，也可以在子迭代器是一个生成器时自动地设置（通过从子生成器返回一个值）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:534 +msgid "Added ``yield from `` to delegate control flow to a subiterator." +msgstr "添加 ``yield from `` 以委托控制流给一个子迭代器。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:537 +msgid "" +"The parentheses may be omitted when the yield expression is the sole " +"expression on the right hand side of an assignment statement." +msgstr "当yield表达式是赋值语句右侧的唯一表达式时，括号可以省略。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:542 +msgid ":pep:`255` - Simple Generators" +msgstr ":pep:`255` - 简单生成器" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:543 +msgid "" +"The proposal for adding generators and the :keyword:`yield` statement to " +"Python." +msgstr "在 Python 中加入生成器和 :keyword:`yield` 语句的提议。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:545 +msgid ":pep:`342` - Coroutines via Enhanced Generators" +msgstr ":pep:`342` - 通过增强型生成器实现协程" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:546 +msgid "" +"The proposal to enhance the API and syntax of generators, making them usable" +" as simple coroutines." +msgstr "增强生成器 API 和语法的提议，使其可以被用作简单的协程。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:549 +msgid ":pep:`380` - Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator" +msgstr ":pep:`380` - 委托给子生成器的语法" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:550 +msgid "" +"The proposal to introduce the :token:`~python-grammar:yield_from` syntax, " +"making delegation to subgenerators easy." +msgstr "引入 :token:`~python-grammar:yield_from` 语法的提议，以方便地委托给子生成器。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:553 +msgid ":pep:`525` - Asynchronous Generators" +msgstr ":pep:`525` - 异步生成器" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:554 +msgid "" +"The proposal that expanded on :pep:`492` by adding generator capabilities to" +" coroutine functions." +msgstr "通过给协程函数加入生成器功能对 :pep:`492` 进行扩展的提议。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:561 +msgid "Generator-iterator methods" +msgstr "生成器-迭代器的方法" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:563 +msgid "" +"This subsection describes the methods of a generator iterator. They can be " +"used to control the execution of a generator function." +msgstr "这个子小节描述了生成器迭代器的方法。 它们可被用于控制生成器函数的执行。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:566 +msgid "" +"Note that calling any of the generator methods below when the generator is " +"already executing raises a :exc:`ValueError` exception." +msgstr "请注意在生成器已经在执行时调用以下任何方法都会引发 :exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:574 +msgid "" +"Starts the execution of a generator function or resumes it at the last " +"executed yield expression. When a generator function is resumed with a " +":meth:`~generator.__next__` method, the current yield expression always " +"evaluates to :const:`None`. The execution then continues to the next yield " +"expression, where the generator is suspended again, and the value of the " +":token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` is returned to :meth:`__next__`'s " +"caller. If the generator exits without yielding another value, a " +":exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"开始一个生成器函数的执行或是从上次执行 yield 表达式的位置恢复执行。 当一个生成器函数通过 :meth:`~generator.__next__`" +" 方法恢复执行时，当前的 yield 表达式总是取值为 :const:`None`。 随后会继续执行到下一个 yield " +"表达式，这时生成器将再次挂起，而 :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` 的值会被返回给 " +":meth:`__next__` 的调用方。 如果生成器没有产生下一个值就退出，则将引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:583 +msgid "" +"This method is normally called implicitly, e.g. by a :keyword:`for` loop, or" +" by the built-in :func:`next` function." +msgstr "此方法通常是隐式地调用，例如通过 :keyword:`for` 循环或是内置的 :func:`next` 函数。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:589 +msgid "" +"Resumes the execution and \"sends\" a value into the generator function. " +"The *value* argument becomes the result of the current yield expression. " +"The :meth:`send` method returns the next value yielded by the generator, or " +"raises :exc:`StopIteration` if the generator exits without yielding another " +"value. When :meth:`send` is called to start the generator, it must be " +"called with :const:`None` as the argument, because there is no yield " +"expression that could receive the value." +msgstr "" +"恢复执行并向生成器函数“发送”一个值。 *value* 参数将成为当前 yield 表达式的结果。 :meth:`send` " +"方法会返回生成器所产生的下一个值，或者如果生成器没有产生下一个值就退出则会引发 :exc:`StopIteration`。 当调用 " +":meth:`send` 来启动生成器时，它必须以 :const:`None` 作为调用参数，因为这时没有可以接收值的 yield 表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:601 +msgid "" +"Raises an exception at the point where the generator was paused, and returns" +" the next value yielded by the generator function. If the generator exits " +"without yielding another value, a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised." +" If the generator function does not catch the passed-in exception, or " +"raises a different exception, then that exception propagates to the caller." +msgstr "" +"在生成器暂停的位置引发一个异常，并返回该生成器函数所产生的下一个值。 如果生成器没有产生下一个值就退出，则将引发 " +":exc:`StopIteration` 异常。 如果生成器函数没有捕获传入的异常，或是引发了另一个异常，则该异常会被传播给调用方。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:607 +msgid "" +"In typical use, this is called with a single exception instance similar to " +"the way the :keyword:`raise` keyword is used." +msgstr "在典型的使用场景下，其调用将附带单个异常实例，类似于使用 :keyword:`raise` 关键字的方式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:610 +msgid "" +"For backwards compatibility, however, the second signature is supported, " +"following a convention from older versions of Python. The *type* argument " +"should be an exception class, and *value* should be an exception instance. " +"If the *value* is not provided, the *type* constructor is called to get an " +"instance. If *traceback* is provided, it is set on the exception, otherwise " +"any existing :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` attribute stored in " +"*value* may be cleared." +msgstr "" +"但是为了向下兼容，也支持第二种签名方式，遵循来自旧版本 Python 的惯例。 *type* 参数应为一个异常类，而 *value* 应为一个异常实例。" +" 如果未提供 *value*，则将调用 *type* 构造器来获取一个实例。 如果提供了 *traceback*，它将被设置到异常上，否则任何存储在 " +"*value* 中的现有 :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 属性都会被清空。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:621 ../../reference/expressions.rst:802 +msgid "" +"The second signature \\(type\\[, value\\[, traceback\\]\\]\\) is deprecated " +"and may be removed in a future version of Python." +msgstr "第二个签名 \\(type\\[, value\\[, traceback\\]\\]\\) 已被弃用并可能在未来的 Python 版本中移除。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:629 +msgid "" +"Raises a :exc:`GeneratorExit` at the point where the generator function was " +"paused. If the generator function catches the exception and returns a " +"value, this value is returned from :meth:`close`. If the generator function" +" is already closed, or raises :exc:`GeneratorExit` (by not catching the " +"exception), :meth:`close` returns :const:`None`. If the generator yields a " +"value, a :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. If the generator raises any other " +"exception, it is propagated to the caller. If the generator has already " +"exited due to an exception or normal exit, :meth:`close` returns " +":const:`None` and has no other effect." +msgstr "" +"在生成器函数暂停的位置引发 :exc:`GeneratorExit`。 如果生成器函数捕获该异常并返回一个值，这个值将从 :meth:`close` " +"返回。 如果生成器函数已经关闭，或者引发了 :exc:`GeneratorExit` (由于未捕获异常)，:meth:`close` 将返回 " +":const:`None`。 如果生成器产生了一个值，则将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 " +"如果生成器引发了任何其他异常，它将被传播给调用方。 如果生成器已经由于异常或以正常退出方式结束执行，:meth:`close` 将返回 " +":const:`None` 并且不会造成其他影响。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:641 +msgid "" +"If a generator returns a value upon being closed, the value is returned by " +":meth:`close`." +msgstr "如果生成器在被关闭时返回了一个值，这个值将从 :meth:`close` 返回。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:647 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "例子" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:649 +msgid "" +"Here is a simple example that demonstrates the behavior of generators and " +"generator functions::" +msgstr "这里是一个简单的例子，演示了生成器和生成器函数的行为::" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:652 +msgid "" +">>> def echo(value=None):\n" +"... print(\"Execution starts when 'next()' is called for the first time.\")\n" +"... try:\n" +"... while True:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... value = (yield value)\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... value = e\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... print(\"Don't forget to clean up when 'close()' is called.\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> generator = echo(1)\n" +">>> print(next(generator))\n" +"Execution starts when 'next()' is called for the first time.\n" +"1\n" +">>> print(next(generator))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(generator.send(2))\n" +"2\n" +">>> generator.throw(TypeError, \"spam\")\n" +"TypeError('spam',)\n" +">>> generator.close()\n" +"Don't forget to clean up when 'close()' is called." +msgstr "" +">>> def echo(value=None):\n" +"... print(\"Execution starts when 'next()' is called for the first time.\")\n" +"... try:\n" +"... while True:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... value = (yield value)\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... value = e\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... print(\"Don't forget to clean up when 'close()' is called.\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> generator = echo(1)\n" +">>> print(next(generator))\n" +"Execution starts when 'next()' is called for the first time.\n" +"1\n" +">>> print(next(generator))\n" +"None\n" +">>> print(generator.send(2))\n" +"2\n" +">>> generator.throw(TypeError, \"spam\")\n" +"TypeError('spam',)\n" +">>> generator.close()\n" +"Don't forget to clean up when 'close()' is called." + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:676 +msgid "" +"For examples using ``yield from``, see :ref:`pep-380` in \"What's New in " +"Python.\"" +msgstr "对于 ``yield from`` 的例子, 参见“Python 有什么新变化”中的 :ref:`pep-380`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:682 +msgid "Asynchronous generator functions" +msgstr "异步生成器函数" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:684 +msgid "" +"The presence of a yield expression in a function or method defined using " +":keyword:`async def` further defines the function as an :term:`asynchronous " +"generator` function." +msgstr "" +"在一个使用 :keyword:`async def` 定义的函数或方法中出现的 yield 表达式会进一步将该函数定义为一个 " +":term:`asynchronous generator` 函数。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:688 +msgid "" +"When an asynchronous generator function is called, it returns an " +"asynchronous iterator known as an asynchronous generator object. That object" +" then controls the execution of the generator function. An asynchronous " +"generator object is typically used in an :keyword:`async for` statement in a" +" coroutine function analogously to how a generator object would be used in a" +" :keyword:`for` statement." +msgstr "" +"当一个异步生成器函数被调用时，它会返回一个名为异步生成器对象的异步迭代器。 此对象将在之后控制该生成器函数的执行。 异步生成器对象通常被用在协程函数的 " +":keyword:`async for` 语句中，类似于在 :keyword:`for` 语句中使用生成器对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Calling one of the asynchronous generator's methods returns an " +":term:`awaitable` object, and the execution starts when this object is " +"awaited on. At that time, the execution proceeds to the first yield " +"expression, where it is suspended again, returning the value of " +":token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` to the awaiting coroutine. As with a " +"generator, suspension means that all local state is retained, including the " +"current bindings of local variables, the instruction pointer, the internal " +"evaluation stack, and the state of any exception handling. When the " +"execution is resumed by awaiting on the next object returned by the " +"asynchronous generator's methods, the function can proceed exactly as if the" +" yield expression were just another external call. The value of the yield " +"expression after resuming depends on the method which resumed the execution." +" If :meth:`~agen.__anext__` is used then the result is :const:`None`. " +"Otherwise, if :meth:`~agen.asend` is used, then the result will be the value" +" passed in to that method." +msgstr "" +"调用某个异步生成器的方法将返回一个 :term:`awaitable` 对象，执行会在此对象被等待时启动。 到那时，将执行至第一个 yield " +"表达式，在那里它会再次挂起，将 :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` 的值返回给等待中的协程。 " +"与生成器一样，挂起意味着所有局部状态会被保留，包括局部变量的当前绑定、指令指针、内部求值栈以及任何异常处理的状态。 " +"当执行在等待异步生成器的方法返回下一个对象后恢复时，该函数可以从原状态继续执行，就仿佛 yield 表达式只是另一个外部调用那样。 恢复执行后 " +"yield 表达式的值取决于恢复执行所用的方法。 如果是使用 :meth:`~agen.__anext__` 则结果为 :const:`None`。 " +"否则的话，如果是使用 :meth:`~agen.asend`，则结果将是传递给该方法的值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:710 +msgid "" +"If an asynchronous generator happens to exit early by :keyword:`break`, the " +"caller task being cancelled, or other exceptions, the generator's async " +"cleanup code will run and possibly raise exceptions or access context " +"variables in an unexpected context--perhaps after the lifetime of tasks it " +"depends, or during the event loop shutdown when the async-generator garbage " +"collection hook is called. To prevent this, the caller must explicitly close" +" the async generator by calling :meth:`~agen.aclose` method to finalize the " +"generator and ultimately detach it from the event loop." +msgstr "" +"如果一个异步生成器恰好因 " +":keyword:`break`、调用方任务被取消，或是其他异常而提前退出，生成器的异步清理代码将会运行并可能引发异常或访问意外上下文中的上下文变量 " +"-- 也许是在它所依赖的任务的生命周期之后，或是在异步生成器垃圾回收钩子被调用时的事件循环关闭期间。 为了防止这种情况，调用方必须通过调用 " +":meth:`~agen.aclose` 方法来显式地关闭异步生成器以终结生成器并最终从事件循环中将其分离。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:720 +msgid "" +"In an asynchronous generator function, yield expressions are allowed " +"anywhere in a :keyword:`try` construct. However, if an asynchronous " +"generator is not resumed before it is finalized (by reaching a zero " +"reference count or by being garbage collected), then a yield expression " +"within a :keyword:`!try` construct could result in a failure to execute " +"pending :keyword:`finally` clauses. In this case, it is the responsibility " +"of the event loop or scheduler running the asynchronous generator to call " +"the asynchronous generator-iterator's :meth:`~agen.aclose` method and run " +"the resulting coroutine object, thus allowing any pending " +":keyword:`!finally` clauses to execute." +msgstr "" +"在异步生成器函数中，yield 表达式允许出现在 :keyword:`try` " +"结构的任何位置。但是，如果一个异步生成器在其被终结（由于引用计数达到零或被作为垃圾回收）之前未被恢复，则 :keyword:`!try` 结构中的 " +"yield 表达式可能导致挂起的 :keyword:`finally` " +"子句执行失败。在此情况下，应由运行该异步生成器的事件循环或任务调度器来负责调用异步生成器-迭代器的 :meth:`~agen.aclose` " +"方法并运行所返回的协程对象，从而允许任何挂起的 :keyword:`!finally` 子句得以执行。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:731 +msgid "" +"To take care of finalization upon event loop termination, an event loop " +"should define a *finalizer* function which takes an asynchronous generator-" +"iterator and presumably calls :meth:`~agen.aclose` and executes the " +"coroutine. This *finalizer* may be registered by calling " +":func:`sys.set_asyncgen_hooks`. When first iterated over, an asynchronous " +"generator-iterator will store the registered *finalizer* to be called upon " +"finalization. For a reference example of a *finalizer* method see the " +"implementation of ``asyncio.Loop.shutdown_asyncgens`` in " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_events.py`." +msgstr "" +"为了能在事件循环终结时执行最终化处理，事件循环应当定义一个 *终结器* 函数，它接受一个异步生成器迭代器并将调用 " +":meth:`~agen.aclose` 且执行该协程。 这个 *终结器* 可以通过调用 :func:`sys.set_asyncgen_hooks` " +"来注册。 当首次迭代时，异步生成器迭代器将保存已注册的 *终结器* 以便在最终化时调用。 有关 *终结器* 方法的参考示例请查看在 " +":source:`Lib/asyncio/base_events.py` 的中的 ``asyncio.Loop.shutdown_asyncgens``" +" 实现。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:740 +msgid "" +"The expression ``yield from `` is a syntax error when used in an " +"asynchronous generator function." +msgstr "``yield from `` 表达式如果在异步生成器函数中使用会引发语法错误。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:747 +msgid "Asynchronous generator-iterator methods" +msgstr "异步生成器-迭代器方法" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:749 +msgid "" +"This subsection describes the methods of an asynchronous generator iterator," +" which are used to control the execution of a generator function." +msgstr "这个子小节描述了异步生成器迭代器的方法，它们可被用于控制生成器函数的执行。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Returns an awaitable which when run starts to execute the asynchronous " +"generator or resumes it at the last executed yield expression. When an " +"asynchronous generator function is resumed with an :meth:`~agen.__anext__` " +"method, the current yield expression always evaluates to :const:`None` in " +"the returned awaitable, which when run will continue to the next yield " +"expression. The value of the :token:`~python-grammar:yield_list` of the " +"yield expression is the value of the :exc:`StopIteration` exception raised " +"by the completing coroutine. If the asynchronous generator exits without " +"yielding another value, the awaitable instead raises a " +":exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception, signalling that the asynchronous " +"iteration has completed." +msgstr "" +"返回一个可等待对象，它在运行时会开始执行该异步生成器或是从上次执行的 yield 表达式位置恢复执行。 当一个异步生成器通过 " +":meth:`~agen.__anext__` 方法恢复执行时，当前的 yield 表达或所返回的可等待对象总是取值为 " +":const:`None`，它在运行时将继续执行到下一个 yield 表达式。 该 yield 表达式的 :token:`~python-" +"grammar:yield_list` 的值会是完成的协程所引发的 :exc:`StopIteration` 异步的值。 " +"如果异步生成器没有产生下一个值就退出，则该可等待对象将引发 :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` 异常，提示该异步迭代操作已完成。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:769 +msgid "" +"This method is normally called implicitly by a :keyword:`async for` loop." +msgstr "此方法通常是通过 :keyword:`async for` 循环隐式地调用。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:774 +msgid "" +"Returns an awaitable which when run resumes the execution of the " +"asynchronous generator. As with the :meth:`~generator.send` method for a " +"generator, this \"sends\" a value into the asynchronous generator function, " +"and the *value* argument becomes the result of the current yield expression." +" The awaitable returned by the :meth:`asend` method will return the next " +"value yielded by the generator as the value of the raised " +":exc:`StopIteration`, or raises :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` if the " +"asynchronous generator exits without yielding another value. When " +":meth:`asend` is called to start the asynchronous generator, it must be " +"called with :const:`None` as the argument, because there is no yield " +"expression that could receive the value." +msgstr "" +"返回一个可等待对象，它在运行时会恢复该异步生成器的执行。 与生成器的 :meth:`~generator.send` " +"方法一样，此方法会“发送”一个值给异步生成器函数，其 *value* 参数会成为当前 yield 表达式的结果值。 :meth:`asend` " +"方法所返回的可等待对象会将所引发的 :exc:`StopIteration` " +"作为生成器产生的下一个值返回，或者如果异步生成器没有产生下一个值就退出则引发 :exc:`StopAsyncIteration`。 当调用 " +":meth:`asend` 来启动异步生成器时，它必须以 :const:`None` 作为参数被调用，因为这时没有可以接收值的 yield 表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:790 +msgid "" +"Returns an awaitable that raises an exception of type ``type`` at the point " +"where the asynchronous generator was paused, and returns the next value " +"yielded by the generator function as the value of the raised " +":exc:`StopIteration` exception. If the asynchronous generator exits without" +" yielding another value, a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception is raised by " +"the awaitable. If the generator function does not catch the passed-in " +"exception, or raises a different exception, then when the awaitable is run " +"that exception propagates to the caller of the awaitable." +msgstr "" +"返回一个可等待对象，它会在异步生成器暂停的位置引发 ``type`` 类型的异常，并返回该生成器函数所产生的下一个值，其值为所引发的 " +":exc:`StopIteration` 异常。 如果异步生成器没有产生下一个值就退出，则将由该可等待对象引发 " +":exc:`StopAsyncIteration` 异步。 " +"如果生成器函数没有捕获传入的异常，或引发了另一个异常，则当可等待对象运行时该异常会被传播给可等待对象的调用者。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:810 +msgid "" +"Returns an awaitable that when run will throw a :exc:`GeneratorExit` into " +"the asynchronous generator function at the point where it was paused. If the" +" asynchronous generator function then exits gracefully, is already closed, " +"or raises :exc:`GeneratorExit` (by not catching the exception), then the " +"returned awaitable will raise a :exc:`StopIteration` exception. Any further " +"awaitables returned by subsequent calls to the asynchronous generator will " +"raise a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception. If the asynchronous generator " +"yields a value, a :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised by the awaitable. If the " +"asynchronous generator raises any other exception, it is propagated to the " +"caller of the awaitable. If the asynchronous generator has already exited " +"due to an exception or normal exit, then further calls to :meth:`aclose` " +"will return an awaitable that does nothing." +msgstr "" +"返回一个可等待对象，它会在运行时向异步生成器函数暂停的位置抛入一个 :exc:`GeneratorExit`。 如果该异步生成器函数正常退出、关闭或引发" +" :exc:`GeneratorExit` (由于未捕获该异常) 则返回的可等待对象将引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常。 " +"后续调用异步生成器所返回的任何其他可等待对象将引发 :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` 异常。 " +"如果异步生成器产生了一个值，该可等待对象会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 " +"如果异步生成器引发任何其他异常，它会被传播给可等待对象的调用者。 如果异步生成器已经由于异常或正常退出则后续调用 :meth:`aclose` " +"将返回一个不会做任何事的可等待对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:826 +msgid "Primaries" +msgstr "原型" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:830 +msgid "" +"Primaries represent the most tightly bound operations of the language. Their" +" syntax is:" +msgstr "原型代表编程语言中最紧密绑定的操作。 它们的句法如下:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:840 +msgid "Attribute references" +msgstr "属性引用" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:846 +msgid "An attribute reference is a primary followed by a period and a name:" +msgstr "属性引用是后面带有一个句点加一个名称的原型:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:856 +msgid "" +"The primary must evaluate to an object of a type that supports attribute " +"references, which most objects do. This object is then asked to produce the" +" attribute whose name is the identifier. The type and value produced is " +"determined by the object. Multiple evaluations of the same attribute " +"reference may yield different objects." +msgstr "" +"此原型必须求值为一个支持属性引用的类型的对象，多数对象都支持此特性。 随后该对象会被要求产生以指定标识符为名称的属性。 " +"所产生对象的类型和值会根据该对象来确定。 对同一属性引用的多次求值可能产生不同的对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:862 +msgid "" +"This production can be customized by overriding the " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` method or the :meth:`~object.__getattr__` " +"method. The :meth:`!__getattribute__` method is called first and either " +"returns a value or raises :exc:`AttributeError` if the attribute is not " +"available." +msgstr "" +"产生过程可通过重载 :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 方法或 :meth:`~object.__getattr__` " +"方法来自定义。 将会先调用 :meth:`!__getattribute__` 方法并返回一个值或者如果属性不可用则会引发 " +":exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:868 +msgid "" +"If an :exc:`AttributeError` is raised and the object has a " +":meth:`!__getattr__` method, that method is called as a fallback." +msgstr "" +"如果引发了 :exc:`AttributeError` 并且对象具有 :meth:`!__getattr__` 方法，则将调用该方法作为回退项。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:874 +msgid "Subscriptions" +msgstr "抽取" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:889 +msgid "" +"The subscription of an instance of a :ref:`container class `" +" will generally select an element from the container. The subscription of a " +":term:`generic class ` will generally return a " +":ref:`GenericAlias ` object." +msgstr "" +"对一个 :ref:`容器类 ` 的实例执行抽取操作通常将会从该容器中选取一个元素。 而对一个 :term:`泛型类 " +"` 执行抽取操作通常将会返回一个 :ref:`GenericAlias ` 对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:897 +msgid "" +"When an object is subscripted, the interpreter will evaluate the primary and" +" the expression list." +msgstr "当一个对象被抽取时，解释器将对原型和表达式列表进行求值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:900 +msgid "" +"The primary must evaluate to an object that supports subscription. An object" +" may support subscription through defining one or both of " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` and :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__`. When the " +"primary is subscripted, the evaluated result of the expression list will be " +"passed to one of these methods. For more details on when " +"``__class_getitem__`` is called instead of ``__getitem__``, see " +":ref:`classgetitem-versus-getitem`." +msgstr "" +"原型必须可被求值为一个支持抽取操作的对象。 一个对象可通过同时定义 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` 或其中之一来支持抽取操作。 " +"当原型被抽取时，表达式列表的求值结果将被传给以上方法中的一个。 对于在何时会调用 ``__class_getitem__`` 而不是 " +"``__getitem__`` 的更多细节，请参阅 :ref:`classgetitem-versus-getitem`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:907 +msgid "" +"If the expression list contains at least one comma, or if any of the " +"expressions are starred, the expression list will evaluate to a " +":class:`tuple` containing the items of the expression list. Otherwise, the " +"expression list will evaluate to the value of the list's sole member." +msgstr "" +"如果表达式列表包含至少一个逗号，或者如果某个表达式带有星号，该表达式列表将求值为包含该表达式列表中所有条目的 :class:`tuple`。 " +"在其他情况下，表达式列表将被求值为列表中唯一成员的值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:912 +msgid "Expressions in an expression list may be starred. See :pep:`646`." +msgstr "一个表达式列表中的表达式可以带星号。 参见 :pep:`646`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:915 +msgid "" +"For built-in objects, there are two types of objects that support " +"subscription via :meth:`~object.__getitem__`:" +msgstr "对于内置对象，有两种类型的对象支持通过 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 执行抽取操作:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:918 +msgid "" +"Mappings. If the primary is a :term:`mapping`, the expression list must " +"evaluate to an object whose value is one of the keys of the mapping, and the" +" subscription selects the value in the mapping that corresponds to that key." +" An example of a builtin mapping class is the :class:`dict` class." +msgstr "" +"映射。 如果原型是一个 :term:`mapping`，则表达式列表必须求值为一个以该映射的某个键为值的对象，而抽取操作会在映射中选取该键所对应的值。 " +"内置映射类的一个例子是 :class:`dict` 类。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:922 +msgid "" +"Sequences. If the primary is a :term:`sequence`, the expression list must " +"evaluate to an :class:`int` or a :class:`slice` (as discussed in the " +"following section). Examples of builtin sequence classes include the " +":class:`str`, :class:`list` and :class:`tuple` classes." +msgstr "" +"序列。 如果原型是一个 :term:`sequence`，则表达式列表必须求值为一个 :class:`int` 或一个 :class:`slice` " +"(如下面的小节所讨论的)。 内置序列类的例子包括 :class:`str`, :class:`list` 和 :class:`tuple` 等类。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:927 +msgid "" +"The formal syntax makes no special provision for negative indices in " +":term:`sequences `. However, built-in sequences all provide a " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` method that interprets negative indices by " +"adding the length of the sequence to the index so that, for example, " +"``x[-1]`` selects the last item of ``x``. The resulting value must be a " +"nonnegative integer less than the number of items in the sequence, and the " +"subscription selects the item whose index is that value (counting from " +"zero). Since the support for negative indices and slicing occurs in the " +"object's :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method, subclasses overriding this " +"method will need to explicitly add that support." +msgstr "" +"正式语法规则并未设置针对 :term:`序列 ` 中负索引号的特殊保留条款。 " +"不过，内置序列都提供了通过给索引号加上序列长度来解读负索引号的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"方法，因此举例来说，``x[-1]`` 将选取 ``x`` 的最后一项。 " +"结果值必须为一个小于序列中条目数的非负整数，抽取操作会选取索引号为该值的条目（从零开始计数）。 由于对负索引号和切片的支持是在 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法中实现的，因而重写此方法的子类将需要显式地添加这种支持。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:941 +msgid "" +"A :class:`string ` is a special kind of sequence whose items are " +"*characters*. A character is not a separate data type but a string of " +"exactly one character." +msgstr "" +":class:`字符串 ` 是一种特殊的序列，其中的项是 *字符*。 字符并不是一种单独的数据类型而是长度恰好为一个字符的字符串。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:949 +msgid "Slicings" +msgstr "切片" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:963 +msgid "" +"A slicing selects a range of items in a sequence object (e.g., a string, " +"tuple or list). Slicings may be used as expressions or as targets in " +"assignment or :keyword:`del` statements. The syntax for a slicing:" +msgstr "" +"切片就是在序列对象（字符串、元组或列表）中选择某个范围内的项。 切片可被用作表达式以及赋值或 :keyword:`del` 语句的目标。 " +"切片的句法如下:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:976 +msgid "" +"There is ambiguity in the formal syntax here: anything that looks like an " +"expression list also looks like a slice list, so any subscription can be " +"interpreted as a slicing. Rather than further complicating the syntax, this" +" is disambiguated by defining that in this case the interpretation as a " +"subscription takes priority over the interpretation as a slicing (this is " +"the case if the slice list contains no proper slice)." +msgstr "" +"此处的正式句法中存在一点歧义：任何形似表达式列表的东西同样也会形似切片列表，因此任何抽取操作也可以被解析为切片。 " +"为了不使句法更加复杂，于是通过定义将此情况解析为抽取优先于解析为切片来消除这种歧义（切片列表未包含正确的切片就属于此情况）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:988 +msgid "" +"The semantics for a slicing are as follows. The primary is indexed (using " +"the same :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method as normal subscription) with a " +"key that is constructed from the slice list, as follows. If the slice list " +"contains at least one comma, the key is a tuple containing the conversion of" +" the slice items; otherwise, the conversion of the lone slice item is the " +"key. The conversion of a slice item that is an expression is that " +"expression. The conversion of a proper slice is a slice object (see section" +" :ref:`types`) whose :attr:`~slice.start`, :attr:`~slice.stop` and " +":attr:`~slice.step` attributes are the values of the expressions given as " +"lower bound, upper bound and stride, respectively, substituting ``None`` for" +" missing expressions." +msgstr "" +"切片的语义如下所述。 原型通过一个根据所下所示的切片列表来构造的键进行索引（与普通的抽取一样使用 :meth:`~object.__getitem__`" +" 方法）。 如果切片列表包含至少一个逗号，则键将是一个包含切片项转换形式的元组；否则的话，键将是单个切片项的转换形式。 " +"切片项如为一个表达式，则其转换形式就是该表达式。 一个正确的切片的转换形式就是一个切片对象（参见 :ref:`types` 一节），该对象的 " +":attr:`~slice.start`, :attr:`~slice.stop` 和 :attr:`~slice.step` " +"属性将分别为表达式所给出的下界、上界和步长值，省略的表达式将用 ``None`` 来替换。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1012 +msgid "Calls" +msgstr "调用" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"A call calls a callable object (e.g., a :term:`function`) with a possibly " +"empty series of :term:`arguments `:" +msgstr "" +"所谓调用就是附带可能为空的一系列 :term:`参数 ` 来执行一个可调用对象 (例如 :term:`function`):" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"An optional trailing comma may be present after the positional and keyword " +"arguments but does not affect the semantics." +msgstr "一个可选项为在位置和关键字参数后加上逗号而不影响语义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"The primary must evaluate to a callable object (user-defined functions, " +"built-in functions, methods of built-in objects, class objects, methods of " +"class instances, and all objects having a :meth:`~object.__call__` method " +"are callable). All argument expressions are evaluated before the call is " +"attempted. Please refer to section :ref:`function` for the syntax of formal" +" :term:`parameter` lists." +msgstr "" +"此原型必须被求值为一个可调用对象（用户自定义函数、内置函数、内置对象的方法、类对象、类实例的方法以及任何具有 " +":meth:`~object.__call__` 方法的对象都是可调用对象）。 所有参数表达式将在尝试调用前被求值）。 请参阅 " +":ref:`function` 一节了解正式的 :term:`parameter` 列表的语法。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1045 +msgid "" +"If keyword arguments are present, they are first converted to positional " +"arguments, as follows. First, a list of unfilled slots is created for the " +"formal parameters. If there are N positional arguments, they are placed in " +"the first N slots. Next, for each keyword argument, the identifier is used " +"to determine the corresponding slot (if the identifier is the same as the " +"first formal parameter name, the first slot is used, and so on). If the " +"slot is already filled, a :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised. Otherwise, " +"the argument is placed in the slot, filling it (even if the expression is " +"``None``, it fills the slot). When all arguments have been processed, the " +"slots that are still unfilled are filled with the corresponding default " +"value from the function definition. (Default values are calculated, once, " +"when the function is defined; thus, a mutable object such as a list or " +"dictionary used as default value will be shared by all calls that don't " +"specify an argument value for the corresponding slot; this should usually be" +" avoided.) If there are any unfilled slots for which no default value is " +"specified, a :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised. Otherwise, the list of " +"filled slots is used as the argument list for the call." +msgstr "" +"如果存在关键字参数，它们会先通过以下操作被转换为位置参数。 首先，为正式参数创建一个未填充空位的例表。 如果有 N 个位置参数，则它们会被放入前 N " +"个空位。 然后，对于每个关键字参数，使用标识符来确定其对应的空位（如果标识符与第一个正式参数名相同则使用第一个空位，依此类推）。 " +"如果空位已被填充，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。 否则，将参数值放入空位，进行填充（即使表达式为 " +"``None``，它也会填充空位）。 当所有参数处理完毕时，尚未填充的空位将用来自函数定义的相应默认值来填充。 " +"（函数一旦被定义，其默认值就会被计算；因此，当列表或字典这类可变对象被用作默认值时将会被所有未指定相应空位参数值的调用所共享；这种情况通常应当被避免。）" +" 如果任何一个未填充空位没有指定默认值，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。 在其他情况下，已填充空位的列表会被作为调用的参数列表。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"An implementation may provide built-in functions whose positional parameters" +" do not have names, even if they are 'named' for the purpose of " +"documentation, and which therefore cannot be supplied by keyword. In " +"CPython, this is the case for functions implemented in C that use " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` to parse their arguments." +msgstr "" +"某些实现可能提供位置参数没有名称的内置函数，即使它们在文档说明的场合下有“命名”，因此不能以关键字形式提供参数。 在 CPython 中，以 C " +"编写并使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 来解析其参数的函数实现就属于这种情况。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"If there are more positional arguments than there are formal parameter " +"slots, a :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised, unless a formal parameter " +"using the syntax ``*identifier`` is present; in this case, that formal " +"parameter receives a tuple containing the excess positional arguments (or an" +" empty tuple if there were no excess positional arguments)." +msgstr "" +"如果存在比正式参数空位多的位置参数，将会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常，除非有一个正式参数使用了 ``*identifier`` " +"句法；在此情况下，该正式参数将接受一个包含了多余位置参数的元组（如果没有多余位置参数则为一个空元组）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"If any keyword argument does not correspond to a formal parameter name, a " +":exc:`TypeError` exception is raised, unless a formal parameter using the " +"syntax ``**identifier`` is present; in this case, that formal parameter " +"receives a dictionary containing the excess keyword arguments (using the " +"keywords as keys and the argument values as corresponding values), or a " +"(new) empty dictionary if there were no excess keyword arguments." +msgstr "" +"如果任何关键字参数没有与之对应的正式参数名称，将会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常，除非有一个正式参数使用了 " +"``**identifier`` " +"句法，该正式参数将接受一个包含了多余关键字参数的字典（使用关键字作为键而参数值作为与键对应的值），如果没有多余关键字参数则为一个（新的）空字典。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"If the syntax ``*expression`` appears in the function call, ``expression`` " +"must evaluate to an :term:`iterable`. Elements from these iterables are " +"treated as if they were additional positional arguments. For the call " +"``f(x1, x2, *y, x3, x4)``, if *y* evaluates to a sequence *y1*, ..., *yM*, " +"this is equivalent to a call with M+4 positional arguments *x1*, *x2*, *y1*," +" ..., *yM*, *x3*, *x4*." +msgstr "" +"如果函数调用中出现了 ``*expression`` 句法，``expression`` 必须求值为一个 :term:`iterable`。 " +"来自该可迭代对象的元素会被当作是额外的位置参数。 对于 ``f(x1, x2, *y, x3, x4)`` 调用，如果 *y* 求值为一个序列 " +"*y1*, ..., *yM*，则它就等价于一个带有 M+4 个位置参数 *x1*, *x2*, *y1*, ..., *yM*, *x3*, *x4*" +" 的调用。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"A consequence of this is that although the ``*expression`` syntax may appear" +" *after* explicit keyword arguments, it is processed *before* the keyword " +"arguments (and any ``**expression`` arguments -- see below). So::" +msgstr "" +"这样做的一个后果是虽然 ``*expression`` 句法可能出现于显式的关键字参数 *之后*，但它会在关键字参数（以及任何 " +"``**expression`` 参数 -- 见下文） *之前* 被处理。 因此::" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1099 +msgid "" +">>> def f(a, b):\n" +"... print(a, b)\n" +"...\n" +">>> f(b=1, *(2,))\n" +"2 1\n" +">>> f(a=1, *(2,))\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'a'\n" +">>> f(1, *(2,))\n" +"1 2" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(a, b):\n" +"... print(a, b)\n" +"...\n" +">>> f(b=1, *(2,))\n" +"2 1\n" +">>> f(a=1, *(2,))\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'a'\n" +">>> f(1, *(2,))\n" +"1 2" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"It is unusual for both keyword arguments and the ``*expression`` syntax to " +"be used in the same call, so in practice this confusion does not often " +"arise." +msgstr "在同一个调用中同时使用关键字参数和 ``*expression`` 语句并不常见，因此实际上这样的混淆不会发生。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"If the syntax ``**expression`` appears in the function call, ``expression`` " +"must evaluate to a :term:`mapping`, the contents of which are treated as " +"additional keyword arguments. If a parameter matching a key has already been" +" given a value (by an explicit keyword argument, or from another unpacking)," +" a :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"如果函数调用中出现了 ``**expression``，则 ``expression`` 必须求值为一个 " +":term:`mapping`，其内容会被当作是额外的关键字参数。 " +"如果一个形参与一个已给定值关键字相匹配（通过显式的关键字参数，或通过另一个解包），则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1123 +msgid "" +"When ``**expression`` is used, each key in this mapping must be a string. " +"Each value from the mapping is assigned to the first formal parameter " +"eligible for keyword assignment whose name is equal to the key. A key need " +"not be a Python identifier (e.g. ``\"max-temp °F\"`` is acceptable, although" +" it will not match any formal parameter that could be declared). If there is" +" no match to a formal parameter the key-value pair is collected by the " +"``**`` parameter, if there is one, or if there is not, a :exc:`TypeError` " +"exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``**expression`` 时，该映射中的每个键都必须为字符串。 " +"该映射中的每个值将被赋值给名称与键相同的适用于关键字赋值的第一个正式形参。 键名不需要是 Python 标识符（例如 ``\"max-temp " +"°F\"`` 也是可接受的，但它将不能与可被声明的任何正式形参相匹配）。 如果键值对未与某个正式形参相匹配则将被 ``**`` " +"形参所收集，或者如果没有此形参，则会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"Formal parameters using the syntax ``*identifier`` or ``**identifier`` " +"cannot be used as positional argument slots or as keyword argument names." +msgstr "使用 ``*identifier`` 或 ``**identifier`` 句法的正式参数不能被用作位置参数空位或关键字参数名称。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"Function calls accept any number of ``*`` and ``**`` unpackings, positional " +"arguments may follow iterable unpackings (``*``), and keyword arguments may " +"follow dictionary unpackings (``**``). Originally proposed by :pep:`448`." +msgstr "" +"函数调用接受任意数量的 ``*`` 和 ``**`` 拆包，位置参数可能跟在可迭代对象拆包 (``*``) 之后，而关键字参数可能跟在字典拆包 " +"(``**``) 之后。 由 :pep:`448` 发起最初提议。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"A call always returns some value, possibly ``None``, unless it raises an " +"exception. How this value is computed depends on the type of the callable " +"object." +msgstr "除非引发了异常，调用总是会有返回值，返回值也可能为 ``None``。 返回值的计算方式取决于可调用对象的类型。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1146 +msgid "If it is---" +msgstr "如果类型为---" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1148 +msgid "a user-defined function:" +msgstr "用户自定义函数:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1155 +msgid "" +"The code block for the function is executed, passing it the argument list. " +"The first thing the code block will do is bind the formal parameters to the " +"arguments; this is described in section :ref:`function`. When the code " +"block executes a :keyword:`return` statement, this specifies the return " +"value of the function call. If execution reaches the end of the code block " +"without executing a :keyword:`return` statement, the return value is " +"``None``." +msgstr "" +"函数的代码块会被执行，并向其传入参数列表。 代码块所做的第一件事是将正式形参绑定到对应的参数；相关说明参见 :ref:`function` 一节。 " +"当代码块执行 :keyword:`return` 语句时，这将指定函数调用的返回值。 如果执行到达代码块的末尾时并未执行过 " +":keyword:`return` 语句，则返回值将为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1162 +msgid "a built-in function or method:" +msgstr "内置函数或方法:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1173 +msgid "" +"The result is up to the interpreter; see :ref:`built-in-funcs` for the " +"descriptions of built-in functions and methods." +msgstr "具体结果依赖于解释器；有关内置函数和方法的描述参见 :ref:`built-in-funcs`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1176 +msgid "a class object:" +msgstr "类对象:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1181 +msgid "A new instance of that class is returned." +msgstr "返回该类的一个新实例。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1183 +msgid "a class instance method:" +msgstr "类实例方法:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1189 +msgid "" +"The corresponding user-defined function is called, with an argument list " +"that is one longer than the argument list of the call: the instance becomes " +"the first argument." +msgstr "调用相应的用户自定义函数，向其传入的参数列表会比调用的参数列表多一项：该实例将成为第一个参数。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1193 +msgid "a class instance:" +msgstr "类实例:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1198 +msgid "" +"The class must define a :meth:`~object.__call__` method; the effect is then " +"the same as if that method was called." +msgstr "该类定义定义 :meth:`~object.__call__` 方法；其效果将等价于调用该方法。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1206 ../../reference/expressions.rst:2007 +msgid "Await expression" +msgstr "await 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1208 +msgid "" +"Suspend the execution of :term:`coroutine` on an :term:`awaitable` object. " +"Can only be used inside a :term:`coroutine function`." +msgstr "" +"挂起 :term:`coroutine` 的执行以等待一个 :term:`awaitable` 对象。 只能在 :term:`coroutine " +"function` 内部使用。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1220 +msgid "The power operator" +msgstr "幂运算符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"The power operator binds more tightly than unary operators on its left; it " +"binds less tightly than unary operators on its right. The syntax is:" +msgstr "幂运算符的绑定比在其左侧的一元运算符更紧密；但绑定紧密程度不及在其右侧的一元运算符。 句法如下:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"Thus, in an unparenthesized sequence of power and unary operators, the " +"operators are evaluated from right to left (this does not constrain the " +"evaluation order for the operands): ``-1**2`` results in ``-1``." +msgstr "" +"因此，在一个未加圆括号的幂运算符和单目运算符序列中，运算符将从右向左求值（这不会限制操作数的求值顺序）: ``-1**2`` 结果将为 ``-1``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"The power operator has the same semantics as the built-in :func:`pow` " +"function, when called with two arguments: it yields its left argument raised" +" to the power of its right argument. The numeric arguments are first " +"converted to a common type, and the result is of that type." +msgstr "" +"幂运算符与附带两个参数调用内置 :func:`pow` 函数具有相同的语义：结果为对其左参数进行其右参数所指定幂次的乘方运算。 " +"数值参数会先转换为相同类型，结果也为转换后的类型。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"For int operands, the result has the same type as the operands unless the " +"second argument is negative; in that case, all arguments are converted to " +"float and a float result is delivered. For example, ``10**2`` returns " +"``100``, but ``10**-2`` returns ``0.01``." +msgstr "" +"对于 int 类型的操作数，结果将具有与操作数相同的类型，除非第二个参数为负数；在那种情况下，所有参数会被转换为 float 类型并输出 float " +"类型的结果。 例如，``10**2`` 返回 ``100``，而 ``10**-2`` 返回 ``0.01``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1246 +msgid "" +"Raising ``0.0`` to a negative power results in a :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`. " +"Raising a negative number to a fractional power results in a " +":class:`complex` number. (In earlier versions it raised a " +":exc:`ValueError`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 ``0.0`` 进行负数幂次运算将导致 :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`。 对负数进行分数幂次运算将返回 " +":class:`complex` 数值。 （在早期版本中这将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。）" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1250 +msgid "" +"This operation can be customized using the special :meth:`~object.__pow__` " +"and :meth:`~object.__rpow__` methods." +msgstr "此运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__pow__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rpow__` 方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1256 +msgid "Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations" +msgstr "一元算术和位运算" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1262 +msgid "All unary arithmetic and bitwise operations have the same priority:" +msgstr "所有算术和位运算具有相同的优先级:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1273 +msgid "" +"The unary ``-`` (minus) operator yields the negation of its numeric " +"argument; the operation can be overridden with the :meth:`~object.__neg__` " +"special method." +msgstr "单目运算符 ``-`` (负值) 将输出对数字参数的负值；该运算可通过 :meth:`~object.__neg__` 特殊方法来重写。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1281 +msgid "" +"The unary ``+`` (plus) operator yields its numeric argument unchanged; the " +"operation can be overridden with the :meth:`~object.__pos__` special method." +msgstr "" +"单目运算符 ``+`` (正值) 将不加修改地输出其数字参数；该运算可通过 :meth:`~object.__pos__` 特殊方法来重写。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"The unary ``~`` (invert) operator yields the bitwise inversion of its " +"integer argument. The bitwise inversion of ``x`` is defined as ``-(x+1)``." +" It only applies to integral numbers or to custom objects that override the" +" :meth:`~object.__invert__` special method." +msgstr "" +"单目运算符 ``~`` (取反) 将输出对其整数参数按位取反的结果。 对 ``x`` 按位取反被定义为 ``-(x+1)``。 它只作用于整数或是重写了" +" :meth:`~object.__invert__` 特殊方法的自定义对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1297 +msgid "" +"In all three cases, if the argument does not have the proper type, a " +":exc:`TypeError` exception is raised." +msgstr "在所有三种情况下，如果参数的类型不正确，将引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1304 +msgid "Binary arithmetic operations" +msgstr "二元算术运算符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1308 +msgid "" +"The binary arithmetic operations have the conventional priority levels. " +"Note that some of these operations also apply to certain non-numeric types." +" Apart from the power operator, there are only two levels, one for " +"multiplicative operators and one for additive operators:" +msgstr "" +"二元算术运算符遵循传统的优先级。 请注意某些此类运算符也作用于特定的非数字类型。 " +"除幂运算符以外只有两个优先级别，一个作用于乘法型运算符，另一个作用于加法型运算符:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"The ``*`` (multiplication) operator yields the product of its arguments. " +"The arguments must either both be numbers, or one argument must be an " +"integer and the other must be a sequence. In the former case, the numbers " +"are converted to a common type and then multiplied together. In the latter " +"case, sequence repetition is performed; a negative repetition factor yields " +"an empty sequence." +msgstr "" +"运算符 ``*`` (乘) 将输出其参数的乘积。 两个参数或者必须都为数字，或者一个参数必须为整数而另一个参数必须为序列。 " +"在前一种情况下，两个数字将被转换为相同类型然后相乘。 在后一种情况下，将执行序列的重复；重复因子为负数将输出空序列。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1329 +msgid "" +"This operation can be customized using the special :meth:`~object.__mul__` " +"and :meth:`~object.__rmul__` methods." +msgstr "此运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__mul__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rmul__` 方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"The ``@`` (at) operator is intended to be used for matrix multiplication. " +"No builtin Python types implement this operator." +msgstr "运算符 ``@`` (at) 的目标是用于矩阵乘法。 没有内置 Python 类型实现此运算符。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"This operation can be customized using the special " +":meth:`~object.__matmul__` and :meth:`~object.__rmatmul__` methods." +msgstr "" +"此运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__matmul__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rmatmul__` 方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"The ``/`` (division) and ``//`` (floor division) operators yield the " +"quotient of their arguments. The numeric arguments are first converted to a" +" common type. Division of integers yields a float, while floor division of " +"integers results in an integer; the result is that of mathematical division " +"with the 'floor' function applied to the result. Division by zero raises " +"the :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` exception." +msgstr "" +"运算符 ``/`` (除) 和 ``//`` (整除) 将输出其参数的商。 两个数字参数将先被转换为相同类型。 整数相除会输出一个 float " +"值，整数相整除的结果仍是整数；整除的结果就是使用 'floor' 函数进行算术除法的结果。 除以零的运算将引发 " +":exc:`ZeroDivisionError` 异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1357 +msgid "" +"The division operation can be customized using the special " +":meth:`~object.__truediv__` and :meth:`~object.__rtruediv__` methods. The " +"floor division operation can be customized using the special " +":meth:`~object.__floordiv__` and :meth:`~object.__rfloordiv__` methods." +msgstr "" +"除法运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__truediv__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rtruediv__` " +"方法来自定义。 向下整除运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__floordiv__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__rfloordiv__` 方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"The ``%`` (modulo) operator yields the remainder from the division of the " +"first argument by the second. The numeric arguments are first converted to " +"a common type. A zero right argument raises the :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` " +"exception. The arguments may be floating-point numbers, e.g., ``3.14%0.7`` " +"equals ``0.34`` (since ``3.14`` equals ``4*0.7 + 0.34``.) The modulo " +"operator always yields a result with the same sign as its second operand (or" +" zero); the absolute value of the result is strictly smaller than the " +"absolute value of the second operand [#]_." +msgstr "" +"运算符 ``%`` (模) 将输出第一个参数除以第二个参数的余数。 两个数字参数将先被转换为相同类型。 右参数为零将引发 " +":exc:`ZeroDivisionError` 异常。 参数可以为浮点数，例如 ``3.14%0.7`` 等于 ``0.34`` (因为 " +"``3.14`` 等于 ``4*0.7 + 0.34``)。 " +"模运算符的结果的正负总是与第二个操作数一致（或是为零）；结果的绝对值一定小于第二个操作数的绝对值 [#]_。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1375 +msgid "" +"The floor division and modulo operators are connected by the following " +"identity: ``x == (x//y)*y + (x%y)``. Floor division and modulo are also " +"connected with the built-in function :func:`divmod`: ``divmod(x, y) == " +"(x//y, x%y)``. [#]_." +msgstr "" +"整除与模运算符的联系可通过以下等式说明: ``x == (x//y)*y + (x%y)``。 此外整除与模也可通过内置函数 " +":func:`divmod` 来同时进行: ``divmod(x, y) == (x//y, x%y)``。 [#]_。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1380 +msgid "" +"In addition to performing the modulo operation on numbers, the ``%`` " +"operator is also overloaded by string objects to perform old-style string " +"formatting (also known as interpolation). The syntax for string formatting " +"is described in the Python Library Reference, section :ref:`old-string-" +"formatting`." +msgstr "" +"除了对数字执行模运算，运算符 ``%`` 还被字符串对象重载用于执行旧式的字符串格式化（又称插值）。 字符串格式化句法的描述参见 Python 库参考的" +" :ref:`old-string-formatting` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"The *modulo* operation can be customized using the special " +":meth:`~object.__mod__` and :meth:`~object.__rmod__` methods." +msgstr "" +"*modulo* 运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__mod__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rmod__` 方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"The floor division operator, the modulo operator, and the :func:`divmod` " +"function are not defined for complex numbers. Instead, convert to a " +"floating-point number using the :func:`abs` function if appropriate." +msgstr "" +"整除运算符，模运算符和 :func:`divmod` 函数未被定义用于复数。 如果有必要可以使用 :func:`abs` 函数将其转换为浮点数。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1397 +msgid "" +"The ``+`` (addition) operator yields the sum of its arguments. The " +"arguments must either both be numbers or both be sequences of the same type." +" In the former case, the numbers are converted to a common type and then " +"added together. In the latter case, the sequences are concatenated." +msgstr "" +"运算符 ``+`` (addition) 将输出其参数的和。 两个参数或者必须都为数字，或者都为相同类型的序列。 " +"在前一种情况下，两个数字将被转换为相同类型然后相加。 在后一种情况下，将执行序列拼接操作。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"This operation can be customized using the special :meth:`~object.__add__` " +"and :meth:`~object.__radd__` methods." +msgstr "此运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__add__` 和 :meth:`~object.__radd__` 方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"The ``-`` (subtraction) operator yields the difference of its arguments. " +"The numeric arguments are first converted to a common type." +msgstr "运算符 ``-`` (减) 将输出其参数的差。 两个数字参数将先被转换为相同类型。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1413 +msgid "" +"This operation can be customized using the special :meth:`~object.__sub__` " +"and :meth:`~object.__rsub__` methods." +msgstr "此运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__sub__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rsub__` 方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1420 +msgid "Shifting operations" +msgstr "移位运算" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1427 +msgid "" +"The shifting operations have lower priority than the arithmetic operations:" +msgstr "移位运算的优先级低于算术运算:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1432 +msgid "" +"These operators accept integers as arguments. They shift the first argument" +" to the left or right by the number of bits given by the second argument." +msgstr "这些运算符接受整数参数。 它们会将第一个参数左移或右移第二个参数所指定的比特位数。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1435 +msgid "" +"The left shift operation can be customized using the special " +":meth:`~object.__lshift__` and :meth:`~object.__rlshift__` methods. The " +"right shift operation can be customized using the special " +":meth:`~object.__rshift__` and :meth:`~object.__rrshift__` methods." +msgstr "" +"左移位运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__lshift__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rlshift__` 方法来自定义。" +" 右移位运算可使用特殊的 :meth:`~object.__rshift__` 和 :meth:`~object.__rrshift__` " +"方法来自定义。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1442 +msgid "" +"A right shift by *n* bits is defined as floor division by ``pow(2,n)``. A " +"left shift by *n* bits is defined as multiplication with ``pow(2,n)``." +msgstr "右移 *n* 位被定义为被 ``pow(2,n)`` 整除。 左移 *n* 位被定义为乘以 ``pow(2,n)``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1449 +msgid "Binary bitwise operations" +msgstr "二元位运算" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1453 +msgid "Each of the three bitwise operations has a different priority level:" +msgstr "三种位运算具有各不相同的优先级:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1464 +msgid "" +"The ``&`` operator yields the bitwise AND of its arguments, which must be " +"integers or one of them must be a custom object overriding " +":meth:`~object.__and__` or :meth:`~object.__rand__` special methods." +msgstr "" +"``&`` 运算符将输出对其参数按位 AND 的结果，参数必须都为整数或者其中之一必须为重写了 :meth:`~object.__and__` 或 " +":meth:`~object.__rand__` 特殊方法的自定义对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1473 +msgid "" +"The ``^`` operator yields the bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) of its arguments, " +"which must be integers or one of them must be a custom object overriding " +":meth:`~object.__xor__` or :meth:`~object.__rxor__` special methods." +msgstr "" +"``^`` 运算符将输出对其参数按位 XOR (异或) 的结果，参数必须都为整数或者其中之一必须为重写了 :meth:`~object.__xor__`" +" 或 :meth:`~object.__rxor__` 特殊方法的自定义对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1482 +msgid "" +"The ``|`` operator yields the bitwise (inclusive) OR of its arguments, which" +" must be integers or one of them must be a custom object overriding " +":meth:`~object.__or__` or :meth:`~object.__ror__` special methods." +msgstr "" +"``|`` 运算符将输出对其参数按位OR (非异或) 的结果，参数必须都为整数或者其中之一为重写了 :meth:`~object.__or__` 或 " +":meth:`~object.__ror__` 特殊方法的自定义对象。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1490 +msgid "Comparisons" +msgstr "比较运算" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1502 +msgid "" +"Unlike C, all comparison operations in Python have the same priority, which " +"is lower than that of any arithmetic, shifting or bitwise operation. Also " +"unlike C, expressions like ``a < b < c`` have the interpretation that is " +"conventional in mathematics:" +msgstr "" +"与 C 不同，Python 中所有比较运算的优先级相同，低于任何算术、移位或位运算。 另一个与 C 不同之处在于 ``a < b < c`` " +"这样的表达式会按传统算术法则来解读:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1512 +msgid "" +"Comparisons yield boolean values: ``True`` or ``False``. Custom :dfn:`rich " +"comparison methods` may return non-boolean values. In this case Python will " +"call :func:`bool` on such value in boolean contexts." +msgstr "" +"比较运算会产生布尔值: ``True`` 或 ``False``。 自定义的 :dfn:`富比较方法` 可能返回非布尔值。 在此情况下 Python " +"将在布尔运算上下文中对该值调用 :func:`bool`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1518 +msgid "" +"Comparisons can be chained arbitrarily, e.g., ``x < y <= z`` is equivalent " +"to ``x < y and y <= z``, except that ``y`` is evaluated only once (but in " +"both cases ``z`` is not evaluated at all when ``x < y`` is found to be " +"false)." +msgstr "" +"比较运算可以任意串连，例如 ``x < y <= z`` 等价于 ``x < y and y <= z``，除了 ``y`` " +"只被求值一次（但在两种写法下当 ``x < y`` 值为假时 ``z`` 都不会被求值）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1522 +msgid "" +"Formally, if *a*, *b*, *c*, ..., *y*, *z* are expressions and *op1*, *op2*, " +"..., *opN* are comparison operators, then ``a op1 b op2 c ... y opN z`` is " +"equivalent to ``a op1 b and b op2 c and ... y opN z``, except that each " +"expression is evaluated at most once." +msgstr "" +"正式的说法是这样：如果 *a*, *b*, *c*, ..., *y*, *z* 为表达式而 *op1*, *op2*, ..., *opN* " +"为比较运算符，则 ``a op1 b op2 c ... y opN z`` 就等价于 ``a op1 b and b op2 c and ... y " +"opN z``，不同点在于每个表达式最多只被求值一次。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1527 +msgid "" +"Note that ``a op1 b op2 c`` doesn't imply any kind of comparison between *a*" +" and *c*, so that, e.g., ``x < y > z`` is perfectly legal (though perhaps " +"not pretty)." +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``a op1 b op2 c`` 不意味着在 *a* 和 *c* 之间进行任何比较，因此，如 ``x < y > z`` " +"这样的写法是完全合法的（虽然也许不太好看）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1534 +msgid "Value comparisons" +msgstr "值比较" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"The operators ``<``, ``>``, ``==``, ``>=``, ``<=``, and ``!=`` compare the " +"values of two objects. The objects do not need to have the same type." +msgstr "" +"运算符 ``<``, ``>``, ``==``, ``>=``, ``<=`` 和 ``!=`` 将比较两个对象的值。 两个对象不要求为相同类型。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1539 +msgid "" +"Chapter :ref:`objects` states that objects have a value (in addition to type" +" and identity). The value of an object is a rather abstract notion in " +"Python: For example, there is no canonical access method for an object's " +"value. Also, there is no requirement that the value of an object should be " +"constructed in a particular way, e.g. comprised of all its data attributes. " +"Comparison operators implement a particular notion of what the value of an " +"object is. One can think of them as defining the value of an object " +"indirectly, by means of their comparison implementation." +msgstr "" +":ref:`objects` 一章已说明对象都有相应的值（还有类型和标识号）。 对象值在 Python " +"中是一个相当抽象的概念：例如，对象值并没有一个规范的访问方法。 而且，对象值并不要求具有特定的构建方式，例如由其全部数据属性组成等。 " +"比较运算符实现了一个特定的对象值概念。 人们可以认为这是通过实现对象比较间接地定义了对象值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1548 +msgid "" +"Because all types are (direct or indirect) subtypes of :class:`object`, they" +" inherit the default comparison behavior from :class:`object`. Types can " +"customize their comparison behavior by implementing :dfn:`rich comparison " +"methods` like :meth:`~object.__lt__`, described in :ref:`customization`." +msgstr "" +"由于所有类型都是 :class:`object` 的（直接或间接）的子类型，因此它们都从 :class:`object` 继承了默认的比较行为。 " +"类型可以通过实现 :dfn:`rich comparison methods` 如 :meth:`~object.__lt__` " +"来自定义它们的比较行为，详情参见 :ref:`customization`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"The default behavior for equality comparison (``==`` and ``!=``) is based on" +" the identity of the objects. Hence, equality comparison of instances with " +"the same identity results in equality, and equality comparison of instances " +"with different identities results in inequality. A motivation for this " +"default behavior is the desire that all objects should be reflexive (i.e. " +"``x is y`` implies ``x == y``)." +msgstr "" +"默认的一致性比较 (``==`` 和 ``!=``) 是基于对象的标识号。 " +"因此，具有相同标识号的实例一致性比较结果为相等，具有不同标识号的实例一致性比较结果为不等。 规定这种默认行为的动机是希望所有对象都应该是自反射的 (即 " +"``x is y`` 就意味着 ``x == y``)。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1561 +msgid "" +"A default order comparison (``<``, ``>``, ``<=``, and ``>=``) is not " +"provided; an attempt raises :exc:`TypeError`. A motivation for this default" +" behavior is the lack of a similar invariant as for equality." +msgstr "" +"次序比较 (``<``, ``>``, ``<=`` 和 ``>=``) 默认没有提供；如果尝试比较会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 " +"规定这种默认行为的原因是缺少与一致性比较类似的固定值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1565 +msgid "" +"The behavior of the default equality comparison, that instances with " +"different identities are always unequal, may be in contrast to what types " +"will need that have a sensible definition of object value and value-based " +"equality. Such types will need to customize their comparison behavior, and " +"in fact, a number of built-in types have done that." +msgstr "" +"按照默认的一致性比较行为，具有不同标识号的实例总是不相等，这可能不适合某些对象值需要有合理定义并有基于值的一致性的类型。 " +"这样的类型需要定制自己的比较行为，实际上，许多内置类型都是这样做的。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1571 +msgid "" +"The following list describes the comparison behavior of the most important " +"built-in types." +msgstr "以下列表描述了最主要内置类型的比较行为。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1574 +msgid "" +"Numbers of built-in numeric types (:ref:`typesnumeric`) and of the standard " +"library types :class:`fractions.Fraction` and :class:`decimal.Decimal` can " +"be compared within and across their types, with the restriction that complex" +" numbers do not support order comparison. Within the limits of the types " +"involved, they compare mathematically (algorithmically) correct without loss" +" of precision." +msgstr "" +"内置数值类型 (:ref:`typesnumeric`) 以及标准库类型 :class:`fractions.Fraction` 和 " +":class:`decimal.Decimal` 可进行类型内部和跨类型的比较，例外限制是复数不支持次序比较。 " +"在类型相关的限制以内，它们会按数学（算法）规则正确进行比较且不会有精度损失。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1581 +msgid "" +"The not-a-number values ``float('NaN')`` and ``decimal.Decimal('NaN')`` are " +"special. Any ordered comparison of a number to a not-a-number value is " +"false. A counter-intuitive implication is that not-a-number values are not " +"equal to themselves. For example, if ``x = float('NaN')``, ``3 < x``, ``x <" +" 3`` and ``x == x`` are all false, while ``x != x`` is true. This behavior " +"is compliant with IEEE 754." +msgstr "" +"非数字值 ``float('NaN')`` 和 ``decimal.Decimal('NaN')`` 属于特例。 " +"任何数字与非数字值的排序比较均返回假值。 还有一个反直觉的结果是非数字值不等于其自身。 举例来说，如果 ``x = float('NaN')`` 则 " +"``3 < x``, ``x < 3`` 和 ``x == x`` 均为假值，而 ``x != x`` 则为真值。 此行为是遵循 IEEE 754 " +"标准的。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1588 +msgid "" +"``None`` and :data:`NotImplemented` are singletons. :PEP:`8` advises that " +"comparisons for singletons should always be done with ``is`` or ``is not``, " +"never the equality operators." +msgstr "" +"``None`` 和 :data:`NotImplemented` 都是单例对象。 :PEP:`8` 建议单例对象的比较应当总是通过 ``is`` 或 " +"``is not`` 来进行，绝不要使用等于运算符。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"Binary sequences (instances of :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`) can be " +"compared within and across their types. They compare lexicographically " +"using the numeric values of their elements." +msgstr "" +"二进制码序列 (:class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 的实例) 可进行类型内部和跨类型的比较。 " +"它们使用其元素的数字值按字典顺序进行比较。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"Strings (instances of :class:`str`) compare lexicographically using the " +"numerical Unicode code points (the result of the built-in function " +":func:`ord`) of their characters. [#]_" +msgstr "" +"字符串 (:class:`str` 的实例) 使用其字符的 Unicode 码位数字值 (内置函数 :func:`ord` 的结果) " +"按字典顺序进行比较。 [#]_" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1600 +msgid "Strings and binary sequences cannot be directly compared." +msgstr "字符串和二进制码序列不能直接比较。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1602 +msgid "" +"Sequences (instances of :class:`tuple`, :class:`list`, or :class:`range`) " +"can be compared only within each of their types, with the restriction that " +"ranges do not support order comparison. Equality comparison across these " +"types results in inequality, and ordering comparison across these types " +"raises :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +"序列 (:class:`tuple`, :class:`list` 或 :class:`range` 的实例) 只可进行类型内部的比较，range " +"还有一个限制是不支持次序比较。 以上对象的跨类型一致性比较结果将是不相等，跨类型次序比较将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"Sequences compare lexicographically using comparison of corresponding " +"elements. The built-in containers typically assume identical objects are " +"equal to themselves. That lets them bypass equality tests for identical " +"objects to improve performance and to maintain their internal invariants." +msgstr "" +"序列比较是按字典序对相应元素进行逐个比较。 内置容器通常设定同一对象与其自身是相等的。 " +"这使得它们能跳过同一对象的相等性检测以提升运行效率并保持它们的内部不变性。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1613 +msgid "" +"Lexicographical comparison between built-in collections works as follows:" +msgstr "内置多项集间的字典序比较规则如下:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1615 +msgid "" +"For two collections to compare equal, they must be of the same type, have " +"the same length, and each pair of corresponding elements must compare equal " +"(for example, ``[1,2] == (1,2)`` is false because the type is not the same)." +msgstr "" +"两个多项集若要相等，它们必须为相同类型、相同长度，并且每对相应的元素都必须相等（例如，``[1,2] == (1,2)`` 为假值，因为类型不同）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1620 +msgid "" +"Collections that support order comparison are ordered the same as their " +"first unequal elements (for example, ``[1,2,x] <= [1,2,y]`` has the same " +"value as ``x <= y``). If a corresponding element does not exist, the " +"shorter collection is ordered first (for example, ``[1,2] < [1,2,3]`` is " +"true)." +msgstr "" +"对于支持次序比较的多项集，排序与其第一个不相等元素的排序相同（例如 ``[1,2,x] <= [1,2,y]`` 的值与 ``x <= y`` 相同）。" +" 如果对应元素不存在，较短的多项集排序在前（例如 ``[1,2] < [1,2,3]`` 为真值）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1626 +msgid "" +"Mappings (instances of :class:`dict`) compare equal if and only if they have" +" equal ``(key, value)`` pairs. Equality comparison of the keys and values " +"enforces reflexivity." +msgstr "" +"两个映射 (:class:`dict` 的实例) 若要相等则必须当且仅当它们具有相等的 ``(key, value)`` 对。 " +"键和值的相相等性比较强制要求自反射性。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1630 +msgid "" +"Order comparisons (``<``, ``>``, ``<=``, and ``>=``) raise :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "次序比较 (``<``, ``>``, ``<=`` 和 ``>=``) 将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1632 +msgid "" +"Sets (instances of :class:`set` or :class:`frozenset`) can be compared " +"within and across their types." +msgstr "集合 (:class:`set` 或 :class:`frozenset` 的实例) 可进行类型内部和跨类型的比较。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1635 +msgid "" +"They define order comparison operators to mean subset and superset tests. " +"Those relations do not define total orderings (for example, the two sets " +"``{1,2}`` and ``{2,3}`` are not equal, nor subsets of one another, nor " +"supersets of one another). Accordingly, sets are not appropriate arguments " +"for functions which depend on total ordering (for example, :func:`min`, " +":func:`max`, and :func:`sorted` produce undefined results given a list of " +"sets as inputs)." +msgstr "" +"它们将比较运算符定义为子集和超集检测。 这类关系没有定义完全排序（例如 ``{1,2}`` 和 ``{2,3}`` " +"两个集合不相等，即不为彼此的子集，也不为彼此的超集。 相应地，集合不适宜作为依赖于完全排序的函数的参数（例如如果给出一个集合列表作为 " +":func:`min`, :func:`max` 和 :func:`sorted` 的输入将产生未定义的结果）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1643 +msgid "Comparison of sets enforces reflexivity of its elements." +msgstr "集合的比较强制规定其元素的自反射性。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1645 +msgid "" +"Most other built-in types have no comparison methods implemented, so they " +"inherit the default comparison behavior." +msgstr "大多数其他内置类型没有实现比较方法，因此它们会继承默认的比较行为。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1648 +msgid "" +"User-defined classes that customize their comparison behavior should follow " +"some consistency rules, if possible:" +msgstr "在可能的情况下，用户定义类在定制其比较行为时应当遵循一些一致性规则:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1651 +msgid "" +"Equality comparison should be reflexive. In other words, identical objects " +"should compare equal:" +msgstr "相等比较应该是自反射的。 换句话说，相同的对象比较时应该相等:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1654 +msgid "``x is y`` implies ``x == y``" +msgstr "``x is y`` 意味着 ``x == y``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1656 +msgid "" +"Comparison should be symmetric. In other words, the following expressions " +"should have the same result:" +msgstr "比较应该是对称的。 换句话说，下列表达式应该有相同的结果:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1659 +msgid "``x == y`` and ``y == x``" +msgstr "``x == y`` 和 ``y == x``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1661 +msgid "``x != y`` and ``y != x``" +msgstr "``x != y`` 和 ``y != x``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1663 +msgid "``x < y`` and ``y > x``" +msgstr "``x < y`` 和 ``y > x``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1665 +msgid "``x <= y`` and ``y >= x``" +msgstr "``x <= y`` 和 ``y >= x``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1667 +msgid "" +"Comparison should be transitive. The following (non-exhaustive) examples " +"illustrate that:" +msgstr "比较应该是可传递的。 下列（简要的）例子显示了这一点:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1670 +msgid "``x > y and y > z`` implies ``x > z``" +msgstr "``x > y and y > z`` 意味着 ``x > z``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1672 +msgid "``x < y and y <= z`` implies ``x < z``" +msgstr "``x < y and y <= z`` 意味着 ``x < z``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1674 +msgid "" +"Inverse comparison should result in the boolean negation. In other words, " +"the following expressions should have the same result:" +msgstr "反向比较应该导致布尔值取反。 换句话说，下列表达式应该有相同的结果:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1677 +msgid "``x == y`` and ``not x != y``" +msgstr "``x == y`` 和 ``not x != y``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1679 +msgid "``x < y`` and ``not x >= y`` (for total ordering)" +msgstr "``x < y`` 和 ``not x >= y`` (对于完全排序)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1681 +msgid "``x > y`` and ``not x <= y`` (for total ordering)" +msgstr "``x > y`` 和 ``not x <= y`` (对于完全排序)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1683 +msgid "" +"The last two expressions apply to totally ordered collections (e.g. to " +"sequences, but not to sets or mappings). See also the " +":func:`~functools.total_ordering` decorator." +msgstr "" +"最后两个表达式适用于完全排序的多项集（即序列而非集合或映射）。 另请参阅 :func:`~functools.total_ordering` 装饰器。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1687 +msgid "" +"The :func:`hash` result should be consistent with equality. Objects that are" +" equal should either have the same hash value, or be marked as unhashable." +msgstr ":func:`hash` 的结果应该与是否相等一致。 相等的对象应该或者具有相同的哈希值，或者标记为不可哈希。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1691 +msgid "" +"Python does not enforce these consistency rules. In fact, the not-a-number " +"values are an example for not following these rules." +msgstr "Python 并不强制要求这些一致性规则。 实际上，非数字值就是一个不遵循这些规则的例子。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1700 +msgid "Membership test operations" +msgstr "成员检测运算" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1702 +msgid "" +"The operators :keyword:`in` and :keyword:`not in` test for membership. ``x " +"in s`` evaluates to ``True`` if *x* is a member of *s*, and ``False`` " +"otherwise. ``x not in s`` returns the negation of ``x in s``. All built-in " +"sequences and set types support this as well as dictionary, for which " +":keyword:`!in` tests whether the dictionary has a given key. For container " +"types such as list, tuple, set, frozenset, dict, or collections.deque, the " +"expression ``x in y`` is equivalent to ``any(x is e or x == e for e in y)``." +msgstr "" +"运算符 :keyword:`in` 和 :keyword:`not in` 用于成员检测。 如果 *x* 是 *s* 的成员则 ``x in s`` " +"求值为 ``True``，否则为 ``False``。 ``x not in s`` 返回 ``x in s`` 取反后的值。 " +"所有内置序列和集合类型以及字典都支持此运算，对于字典来说 :keyword:`!in` 检测其是否有给定的键。 对于 list, tuple, set," +" frozenset, dict 或 collections.deque 这样的容器类型，表达式 ``x in y`` 等价于 ``any(x is e" +" or x == e for e in y)``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1710 +msgid "" +"For the string and bytes types, ``x in y`` is ``True`` if and only if *x* is" +" a substring of *y*. An equivalent test is ``y.find(x) != -1``. Empty " +"strings are always considered to be a substring of any other string, so " +"``\"\" in \"abc\"`` will return ``True``." +msgstr "" +"对于字符串和字节串类型来说，当且仅当 *x* 是 *y* 的子串时 ``x in y`` 为 ``True``。 一个等价的检测是 " +"``y.find(x) != -1``。 空字符串总是被视为任何其他字符串的子串，因此 ``\"\" in \"abc\"`` 将返回 " +"``True``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1715 +msgid "" +"For user-defined classes which define the :meth:`~object.__contains__` " +"method, ``x in y`` returns ``True`` if ``y.__contains__(x)`` returns a true " +"value, and ``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "" +"对于定义了For user-defined classes which define the :meth:`~object.__contains__` " +"方法来用户自定义类来说，如果 ``y.__contains__(x)`` 返回真值则 ``x in y`` 将返回 ``True``，否则返回 " +"``False``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1719 +msgid "" +"For user-defined classes which do not define :meth:`~object.__contains__` " +"but do define :meth:`~object.__iter__`, ``x in y`` is ``True`` if some value" +" ``z``, for which the expression ``x is z or x == z`` is true, is produced " +"while iterating over ``y``. If an exception is raised during the iteration, " +"it is as if :keyword:`in` raised that exception." +msgstr "" +"对于未定义 :meth:`~object.__contains__` 但定义了 :meth:`~object.__iter__` " +"的用户自定义类来说，如果在迭代 ``y`` 期间产生了值 ``z`` 使得表达式 ``x is z or x == z`` 为真值，则 ``x in " +"y`` 将为 ``True``。 如果在迭代期间引发了异常，则将等同于 :keyword:`in` 引发了该异常。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"Lastly, the old-style iteration protocol is tried: if a class defines " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__`, ``x in y`` is ``True`` if and only if there is " +"a non-negative integer index *i* such that ``x is y[i] or x == y[i]``, and " +"no lower integer index raises the :exc:`IndexError` exception. (If any " +"other exception is raised, it is as if :keyword:`in` raised that exception)." +msgstr "" +"最后，将会尝试旧式的迭代协议：如果一个类定义了 :meth:`~object.__getitem__`，则当且仅当存在非负整数索引号 *i* 使得 " +"``x is y[i] or x == y[i]`` 并且没有更小的索引号引发 :exc:`IndexError` 异常时 ``x in y`` 才为 " +"``True``。 （如果引发了任何其他异常，则等同于 :keyword:`in` 引发了该异常。）" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1737 +msgid "" +"The operator :keyword:`not in` is defined to have the inverse truth value of" +" :keyword:`in`." +msgstr "运算符 :keyword:`not in` 被定义为具有与 :keyword:`in` 相反的逻辑值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1750 +msgid "Identity comparisons" +msgstr "标识号比较" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1752 +msgid "" +"The operators :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`is not` test for an object's " +"identity: ``x is y`` is true if and only if *x* and *y* are the same object." +" An Object's identity is determined using the :meth:`id` function. ``x is " +"not y`` yields the inverse truth value. [#]_" +msgstr "" +"运算符 :keyword:`is` 和 :keyword:`is not` 用于检测对象的标识号：当且仅当 *x* 和 *y* 是同一对象时 ``x " +"is y`` 为真。 一个对象的标识号可使用 :meth:`id` 函数来确定。 ``x is not y`` 会产生相反的逻辑值。 [#]_" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1764 +msgid "Boolean operations" +msgstr "布尔运算" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"In the context of Boolean operations, and also when expressions are used by " +"control flow statements, the following values are interpreted as false: " +"``False``, ``None``, numeric zero of all types, and empty strings and " +"containers (including strings, tuples, lists, dictionaries, sets and " +"frozensets). All other values are interpreted as true. User-defined " +"objects can customize their truth value by providing a " +":meth:`~object.__bool__` method." +msgstr "" +"在执行布尔运算的情况下，或是当表达式被用于流程控制语句时，以下值会被解读为假值: ``False``, ``None``, " +"所有类型的数字零，以及空字符串和空容器（包括字符串、元组、列表、字典、集合与冻结集合）。 所有其他值都会被解读为真值。 用户自定义对象可通过提供 " +":meth:`~object.__bool__` 方法来定制其逻辑值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1784 +msgid "" +"The operator :keyword:`not` yields ``True`` if its argument is false, " +"``False`` otherwise." +msgstr "运算符 :keyword:`not` 将在其参数为假值时产生 ``True``，否则产生 ``False``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1789 +msgid "" +"The expression ``x and y`` first evaluates *x*; if *x* is false, its value " +"is returned; otherwise, *y* is evaluated and the resulting value is " +"returned." +msgstr "表达式 ``x and y`` 首先对 *x* 求值；如果 *x* 为假则返回该值；否则对 *y* 求值并返回其结果值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1794 +msgid "" +"The expression ``x or y`` first evaluates *x*; if *x* is true, its value is " +"returned; otherwise, *y* is evaluated and the resulting value is returned." +msgstr "表达式 ``x or y`` 首先对 *x* 求值；如果 *x* 为真则返回该值；否则对 *y* 求值并返回其结果值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1797 +msgid "" +"Note that neither :keyword:`and` nor :keyword:`or` restrict the value and " +"type they return to ``False`` and ``True``, but rather return the last " +"evaluated argument. This is sometimes useful, e.g., if ``s`` is a string " +"that should be replaced by a default value if it is empty, the expression " +"``s or 'foo'`` yields the desired value. Because :keyword:`not` has to " +"create a new value, it returns a boolean value regardless of the type of its" +" argument (for example, ``not 'foo'`` produces ``False`` rather than " +"``''``.)" +msgstr "" +"请注意 :keyword:`and` 和 :keyword:`or` 都不限制其返回的值和类型必须为 ``False`` 和 " +"``True``，而是返回最后被求值的操作数。 此行为是有必要的，例如假设 ``s`` 为一个当其为空时应被替换为某个默认值的字符串，表达式 ``s " +"or 'foo'`` 将产生希望的值。 由于 :keyword:`not` 必须创建一个新值，不论其参数为何种类型它都会返回一个布尔值（例如，``not" +" 'foo'`` 结果为 ``False`` 而非 ``''``。）" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1816 +msgid "Assignment expressions" +msgstr "赋值表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1821 +msgid "" +"An assignment expression (sometimes also called a \"named expression\" or " +"\"walrus\") assigns an :token:`~python-grammar:expression` to an " +":token:`~python-grammar:identifier`, while also returning the value of the " +":token:`~python-grammar:expression`." +msgstr "" +"赋值表达式（有时又被称为“命名表达式”或“海象表达式”）将一个 :token:`~python-grammar:expression` 赋值给一个 " +":token:`~python-grammar:identifier`，同时还会返回 :token:`~python-" +"grammar:expression` 的值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1826 +msgid "One common use case is when handling matched regular expressions:" +msgstr "一个常见用例是在处理匹配的正则表达式的时候:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1828 +msgid "" +"if matching := pattern.search(data):\n" +" do_something(matching)" +msgstr "" +"if matching := pattern.search(data):\n" +" do_something(matching)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1833 +msgid "Or, when processing a file stream in chunks:" +msgstr "或者是在处理分块的文件流的时候:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1835 +msgid "" +"while chunk := file.read(9000):\n" +" process(chunk)" +msgstr "" +"while chunk := file.read(9000):\n" +" process(chunk)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"Assignment expressions must be surrounded by parentheses when used as " +"expression statements and when used as sub-expressions in slicing, " +"conditional, lambda, keyword-argument, and comprehension-if expressions and " +"in ``assert``, ``with``, and ``assignment`` statements. In all other places " +"where they can be used, parentheses are not required, including in ``if`` " +"and ``while`` statements." +msgstr "" +"赋值表达式在被用作表达式语句及在被用作切片、条件表达式、lambda 表达式、关键字参数和推导式中的 if 表达式以及在 ``assert``, " +"``with`` 和 ``assignment`` 语句中的子表达式时必须用圆括号括起来。 在其可使用的其他场合，圆括号则不是必须的，包括在 " +"``if`` 和 ``while`` 语句中。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1848 +msgid "See :pep:`572` for more details about assignment expressions." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`572` 了解有关赋值表达式的详情。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1855 +msgid "Conditional expressions" +msgstr "条件表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1867 +msgid "" +"Conditional expressions (sometimes called a \"ternary operator\") have the " +"lowest priority of all Python operations." +msgstr "条件表达式（有时称为“三目运算符”）在所有 Python 运算中具有最低的优先级。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"The expression ``x if C else y`` first evaluates the condition, *C* rather " +"than *x*. If *C* is true, *x* is evaluated and its value is returned; " +"otherwise, *y* is evaluated and its value is returned." +msgstr "" +"表达式 ``x if C else y`` 首先是对条件 *C* 而非 *x* 求值。 如果 *C* 为真，*x* 将被求值并返回其值；否则将对 *y*" +" 求值并返回其值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1874 +msgid "See :pep:`308` for more details about conditional expressions." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`308` 了解有关条件表达式的详情。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1881 +msgid "Lambdas" +msgstr "lambda 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1892 +msgid "" +"Lambda expressions (sometimes called lambda forms) are used to create " +"anonymous functions. The expression ``lambda parameters: expression`` yields" +" a function object. The unnamed object behaves like a function object " +"defined with:" +msgstr "" +"lambda 表达式（有时称为 lambda 构型）被用于创建匿名函数。 表达式 ``lambda parameters: expression`` " +"会产生一个函数对象 。 该未命名对象的行为类似于用以下方式定义的函数:" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1896 +msgid "" +"def (parameters):\n" +" return expression" +msgstr "" +"def (parameters):\n" +" return expression" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1901 +msgid "" +"See section :ref:`function` for the syntax of parameter lists. Note that " +"functions created with lambda expressions cannot contain statements or " +"annotations." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`function` 了解有关参数列表的句法。 请注意通过 lambda 表达式创建的函数不能包含语句或标注。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1909 +msgid "Expression lists" +msgstr "表达式列表" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1925 +msgid "" +"Except when part of a list or set display, an expression list containing at " +"least one comma yields a tuple. The length of the tuple is the number of " +"expressions in the list. The expressions are evaluated from left to right." +msgstr "除了作为列表或集合显示的一部分，包含至少一个逗号的表达式列表将生成一个元组。 元组的长度就是列表中表达式的数量。 表达式将从左至右被求值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1934 +msgid "" +"An asterisk ``*`` denotes :dfn:`iterable unpacking`. Its operand must be an" +" :term:`iterable`. The iterable is expanded into a sequence of items, which" +" are included in the new tuple, list, or set, at the site of the unpacking." +msgstr "" +"一个星号 ``*`` 表示 :dfn:`可迭代拆包`。 其操作数必须为一个 :term:`iterable`。 " +"该可迭代对象将被拆解为迭代项的序列，并被包含于在拆包位置上新建的元组、列表或集合之中。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1939 +msgid "" +"Iterable unpacking in expression lists, originally proposed by :pep:`448`." +msgstr "表达式列表中的可迭代对象拆包，最初由 :pep:`448` 提出。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1942 +msgid "Any item in an expression list may be starred. See :pep:`646`." +msgstr "一个表达式列表中的任何条目都可以带星号。 参见 :pep:`646`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"A trailing comma is required only to create a one-item tuple, such as " +"``1,``; it is optional in all other cases. A single expression without a " +"trailing comma doesn't create a tuple, but rather yields the value of that " +"expression. (To create an empty tuple, use an empty pair of parentheses: " +"``()``.)" +msgstr "" +"末尾的逗号仅在创建单条目元组，比如 ``1,`` 时才是必需的；在所有其他情况下它都是可选项。 " +"没有末尾逗号的单独表达式不会创建一个元组，而是产生该表达式的值。 （要创建一个空元组，应使用一对内容为空的圆括号: ``()``。）" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1958 +msgid "Evaluation order" +msgstr "求值顺序" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1962 +msgid "" +"Python evaluates expressions from left to right. Notice that while " +"evaluating an assignment, the right-hand side is evaluated before the left-" +"hand side." +msgstr "Python 按从左至右的顺序对表达式求值。 但注意在对赋值操作求值时，右侧会先于左侧被求值。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1965 +msgid "" +"In the following lines, expressions will be evaluated in the arithmetic " +"order of their suffixes::" +msgstr "在以下几行中，表达式将按其后缀的算术优先顺序被求值。::" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"expr1, expr2, expr3, expr4\n" +"(expr1, expr2, expr3, expr4)\n" +"{expr1: expr2, expr3: expr4}\n" +"expr1 + expr2 * (expr3 - expr4)\n" +"expr1(expr2, expr3, *expr4, **expr5)\n" +"expr3, expr4 = expr1, expr2" +msgstr "" +"expr1, expr2, expr3, expr4\n" +"(expr1, expr2, expr3, expr4)\n" +"{expr1: expr2, expr3: expr4}\n" +"expr1 + expr2 * (expr3 - expr4)\n" +"expr1(expr2, expr3, *expr4, **expr5)\n" +"expr3, expr4 = expr1, expr2" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1979 +msgid "Operator precedence" +msgstr "运算符优先级" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1984 +msgid "" +"The following table summarizes the operator precedence in Python, from " +"highest precedence (most binding) to lowest precedence (least binding). " +"Operators in the same box have the same precedence. Unless the syntax is " +"explicitly given, operators are binary. Operators in the same box group " +"left to right (except for exponentiation and conditional expressions, which " +"group from right to left)." +msgstr "" +"下表对 Python 中运算符的优先顺序进行了总结，从最高优先级（最先绑定）到最低优先级（最后绑定）。 相同单元格内的运算符具有相同优先级。 " +"除非语法显式地指明，否则运算符均为双目运算符。 相同单元格内的运算符从左至右组合的（只有幂运算符是从右至左组合的）。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1990 +msgid "" +"Note that comparisons, membership tests, and identity tests, all have the " +"same precedence and have a left-to-right chaining feature as described in " +"the :ref:`comparisons` section." +msgstr "请注意比较、成员检测和标识号检测均为相同优先级，并具有如 :ref:`comparisons` 一节所描述的从左至右串连特性。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1996 +msgid "Operator" +msgstr "运算符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1996 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1998 +msgid "``(expressions...)``," +msgstr "``(expressions...)``," + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2000 +msgid "``[expressions...]``, ``{key: value...}``, ``{expressions...}``" +msgstr "``[expressions...]``, ``{key: value...}``, ``{expressions...}``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1998 +msgid "" +"Binding or parenthesized expression, list display, dictionary display, set " +"display" +msgstr "绑定或加圆括号的表达式，列表显示，字典显示，集合显示" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2004 +msgid "``x[index]``, ``x[index:index]``, ``x(arguments...)``, ``x.attribute``" +msgstr "" +"``x[index]``, ``x[index:index]``, ``x(arguments...)``, ``x.attribute``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2004 +msgid "Subscription, slicing, call, attribute reference" +msgstr "抽取，切片，调用，属性引用" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2007 +msgid ":keyword:`await x `" +msgstr ":keyword:`await x `" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2009 +msgid "``**``" +msgstr "``**``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2009 +msgid "Exponentiation [#]_" +msgstr "乘方 [#]_" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2011 +msgid "``+x``, ``-x``, ``~x``" +msgstr "``+x``, ``-x``, ``~x``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2011 +msgid "Positive, negative, bitwise NOT" +msgstr "正，负，按位非 NOT" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2013 +msgid "``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``" +msgstr "``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2013 +msgid "" +"Multiplication, matrix multiplication, division, floor division, remainder " +"[#]_" +msgstr "乘，矩阵乘，除，整除，取余 [#]_" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2017 +msgid "``+``, ``-``" +msgstr "``+``, ``-``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2017 +msgid "Addition and subtraction" +msgstr "加和减" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2019 +msgid "``<<``, ``>>``" +msgstr "``<<``, ``>>``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2019 +msgid "Shifts" +msgstr "移位" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2021 +msgid "``&``" +msgstr "``&``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2021 +msgid "Bitwise AND" +msgstr "按位与 AND" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2023 +msgid "``^``" +msgstr "``^``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2023 +msgid "Bitwise XOR" +msgstr "按位异或 XOR" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2025 +msgid "``|``" +msgstr "``|``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2025 +msgid "Bitwise OR" +msgstr "按位或 OR" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2027 +msgid "" +":keyword:`in`, :keyword:`not in`, :keyword:`is`, :keyword:`is not`, ``<``, " +"``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``, ``!=``, ``==``" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`in`, :keyword:`not in`, :keyword:`is`, :keyword:`is not`, ``<``, " +"``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``, ``!=``, ``==``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2027 +msgid "Comparisons, including membership tests and identity tests" +msgstr "比较运算，包括成员检测和标识号检测" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2031 +msgid ":keyword:`not x `" +msgstr ":keyword:`not x `" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2031 +msgid "Boolean NOT" +msgstr "布尔逻辑非 NOT" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2033 +msgid ":keyword:`and`" +msgstr ":keyword:`and`" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2033 +msgid "Boolean AND" +msgstr "布尔逻辑与 AND" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2035 +msgid ":keyword:`or`" +msgstr ":keyword:`or`" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2035 +msgid "Boolean OR" +msgstr "布尔逻辑或 OR" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2037 +msgid ":keyword:`if ` -- :keyword:`!else`" +msgstr ":keyword:`if ` -- :keyword:`!else`" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2037 +msgid "Conditional expression" +msgstr "条件表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2039 +msgid ":keyword:`lambda`" +msgstr ":keyword:`lambda`" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2039 +msgid "Lambda expression" +msgstr "lambda 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2041 +msgid "``:=``" +msgstr "``:=``" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2041 +msgid "Assignment expression" +msgstr "赋值表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2046 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2047 +msgid "" +"While ``abs(x%y) < abs(y)`` is true mathematically, for floats it may not be" +" true numerically due to roundoff. For example, and assuming a platform on " +"which a Python float is an IEEE 754 double-precision number, in order that " +"``-1e-100 % 1e100`` have the same sign as ``1e100``, the computed result is " +"``-1e-100 + 1e100``, which is numerically exactly equal to ``1e100``. The " +"function :func:`math.fmod` returns a result whose sign matches the sign of " +"the first argument instead, and so returns ``-1e-100`` in this case. Which " +"approach is more appropriate depends on the application." +msgstr "" +"虽然 ``abs(x%y) < abs(y)`` 在数学中必为真，但对于浮点数而言，由于舍入的存在，其在数值上未必为真。 例如，假设在某个平台上的 " +"Python 浮点数为一个 IEEE 754 双精度数值，为了使 ``-1e-100 % 1e100`` 具有与 ``1e100`` " +"相同的正负性，计算结果将是 ``-1e-100 + 1e100``，这在数值上正好等于 ``1e100``。 函数 :func:`math.fmod` " +"返回的结果则会具有与第一个参数相同的正负性，因此在这种情况下将返回 ``-1e-100``。 何种方式更适宜取决于具体的应用。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2056 +msgid "" +"If x is very close to an exact integer multiple of y, it's possible for " +"``x//y`` to be one larger than ``(x-x%y)//y`` due to rounding. In such " +"cases, Python returns the latter result, in order to preserve that " +"``divmod(x,y)[0] * y + x % y`` be very close to ``x``." +msgstr "" +"如果 x 恰好非常接近于 y 的整数倍，则由于舍入的存在 ``x//y`` 可能会比 ``(x-x%y)//y`` 大。 在这种情况下，Python " +"会返回后一个结果，以便保持令 ``divmod(x,y)[0] * y + x % y`` 尽量接近 ``x``." + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2061 +msgid "" +"The Unicode standard distinguishes between :dfn:`code points` (e.g. U+0041) " +"and :dfn:`abstract characters` (e.g. \"LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A\"). While most" +" abstract characters in Unicode are only represented using one code point, " +"there is a number of abstract characters that can in addition be represented" +" using a sequence of more than one code point. For example, the abstract " +"character \"LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA\" can be represented as a " +"single :dfn:`precomposed character` at code position U+00C7, or as a " +"sequence of a :dfn:`base character` at code position U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL " +"LETTER C), followed by a :dfn:`combining character` at code position U+0327 " +"(COMBINING CEDILLA)." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 标准明确区分 :dfn:`码位` (例如 U+0041) 和 :dfn:`抽象字符` (例如 \"大写拉丁字母 A\")。 虽然 " +"Unicode 中的大多数抽象字符都只用一个码位来代表，但也存在一些抽象字符可使用由多个码位组成的序列来表示。 例如，抽象字符 " +"\"带有下加符的大写拉丁字母 C\" 可以用 U+00C7 码位上的单个 :dfn:`预设字符` 来表示，也可以用一个 U+0043 码位上的 " +":dfn:`基础字符` (大写拉丁字母 C) 加上一个 U+0327 码位上的 :dfn:`组合字符` (组合下加符) 组成的序列来表示。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2072 +msgid "" +"The comparison operators on strings compare at the level of Unicode code " +"points. This may be counter-intuitive to humans. For example, ``\"\\u00C7\"" +" == \"\\u0043\\u0327\"`` is ``False``, even though both strings represent " +"the same abstract character \"LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA\"." +msgstr "" +"对于字符串，比较运算符会按 Unicode 码位级别进行比较。 这可能会违反人类的直觉。 例如，``\"\\u00C7\" == " +"\"\\u0043\\u0327\"`` 为 ``False``，虽然两个字符串都代表同一个抽象字符 \"带有下加符的大写拉丁字母 C\"。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2077 +msgid "" +"To compare strings at the level of abstract characters (that is, in a way " +"intuitive to humans), use :func:`unicodedata.normalize`." +msgstr "要按抽象字符级别（即对人类来说更直观的方式）对字符串进行比较，应使用 :func:`unicodedata.normalize`。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2080 +msgid "" +"Due to automatic garbage-collection, free lists, and the dynamic nature of " +"descriptors, you may notice seemingly unusual behaviour in certain uses of " +"the :keyword:`is` operator, like those involving comparisons between " +"instance methods, or constants. Check their documentation for more info." +msgstr "" +"由于存在自动垃圾收集、空闲列表以及描述器的动态特性，你可能会注意到在特定情况下使用 :keyword:`is` " +"运算符会出现看似不正常的行为，例如涉及到实例方法或常量之间的比较时就是如此。 更多信息请查看有关它们的文档。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2085 +msgid "" +"The power operator ``**`` binds less tightly than an arithmetic or bitwise " +"unary operator on its right, that is, ``2**-1`` is ``0.5``." +msgstr "幂运算符 ``**`` 绑定的紧密程度低于在其右侧的算术或按位一元运算符，也就是说 ``2**-1`` 为 ``0.5``。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:2088 +msgid "" +"The ``%`` operator is also used for string formatting; the same precedence " +"applies." +msgstr "``%`` 运算符也被用于字符串格式化；在此场合下会使用同样的优先级。" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:8 ../../reference/expressions.rst:393 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:448 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1766 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1806 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1857 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1883 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1911 +msgid "expression" +msgstr "expression -- 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:8 +msgid "BNF" +msgstr "BNF" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:28 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1258 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1306 +msgid "arithmetic" +msgstr "arithmetic" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:28 +msgid "conversion" +msgstr "conversion" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:51 +msgid "atom" +msgstr "atom" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:68 ../../reference/expressions.rst:82 +msgid "name" +msgstr "name" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:68 +msgid "identifier" +msgstr "标识符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:74 ../../reference/expressions.rst:569 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:624 ../../reference/expressions.rst:753 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:805 ../../reference/expressions.rst:851 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1295 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1344 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1440 +msgid "exception" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:74 +msgid "NameError" +msgstr "NameError" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:82 +msgid "mangling" +msgstr "扭曲" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:82 +msgid "private" +msgstr "private" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:82 +msgid "names" +msgstr "names" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:133 +msgid "literal" +msgstr "字面值" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:146 ../../reference/expressions.rst:372 +msgid "immutable" +msgstr "immutable -- 不可变对象" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:146 +msgid "data" +msgstr "数据" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:146 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:146 ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:372 ../../reference/expressions.rst:393 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:557 ../../reference/expressions.rst:743 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:851 ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:957 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1149 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1163 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1177 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1184 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1731 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1923 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:162 +msgid "parenthesized form" +msgstr "带圆括号的形式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:162 ../../reference/expressions.rst:393 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 +msgid "() (parentheses)" +msgstr "() (圆括号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:162 +msgid "tuple display" +msgstr "元组显示" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:175 ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 +msgid "empty" +msgstr "空" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:175 ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:957 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1923 +msgid "tuple" +msgstr "元组" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:181 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1945 +msgid "comma" +msgstr "逗号" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:181 ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:951 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1911 +msgid ", (comma)" +msgstr ", (逗号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:196 ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "comprehensions" +msgstr "推导式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:206 +msgid "for" +msgstr "for" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:206 ../../reference/expressions.rst:241 +msgid "in comprehensions" +msgstr "在推导式中" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:206 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1857 +msgid "if" +msgstr "if" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:206 +msgid "async for" +msgstr "async for" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:241 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1202 +msgid "await" +msgstr "await" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 ../../reference/expressions.rst:851 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 ../../reference/expressions.rst:957 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1911 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "display" +msgstr "显示" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 ../../reference/expressions.rst:876 +msgid "[] (square brackets)" +msgstr "[] (方括号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 +msgid "list expression" +msgstr "列表推导式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:275 ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1911 +msgid "expression list" +msgstr "表达式列表" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 +msgid "set" +msgstr "set" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "{} (curly brackets)" +msgstr "{} (花括号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:301 +msgid "set expression" +msgstr "集合推导式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 ../../reference/expressions.rst:355 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 +msgid "dictionary" +msgstr "dictionary -- 字典" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "key" +msgstr "键" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "value" +msgstr "value" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "key/value pair" +msgstr "键/值对" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "dictionary expression" +msgstr "字典推导式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 ../../reference/expressions.rst:951 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1883 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 +msgid "in dictionary expressions" +msgstr "在字典推导式中" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:329 ../../reference/expressions.rst:355 +msgid "in dictionary displays" +msgstr "在字典显示中" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:355 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1084 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1930 +msgid "unpacking" +msgstr "解包" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:355 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1114 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1222 +msgid "**" +msgstr "**" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:372 +msgid "hashable" +msgstr "hashable -- 可哈希" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:393 ../../reference/expressions.rst:448 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:557 +msgid "generator" +msgstr "generator -- 生成器" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:393 +msgid "generator expression" +msgstr "generator expression -- 生成器表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:448 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1202 +msgid "keyword" +msgstr "关键字" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:448 ../../reference/expressions.rst:644 +msgid "yield" +msgstr "yield" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:448 ../../reference/expressions.rst:516 +msgid "from" +msgstr "from" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:448 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1149 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1163 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1883 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:502 +msgid "coroutine" +msgstr "coroutine -- 协程" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:516 +msgid "yield from expression" +msgstr "yield from 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:569 +msgid "StopIteration" +msgstr "StopIteration" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:624 ../../reference/expressions.rst:805 +msgid "GeneratorExit" +msgstr "GeneratorExit" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:644 +msgid "examples" +msgstr "示例" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:743 +msgid "asynchronous-generator" +msgstr "异步生成器" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:753 +msgid "StopAsyncIteration" +msgstr "StopAsyncIteration" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:828 +msgid "primary" +msgstr "primary" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:842 +msgid "attribute" +msgstr "attribute -- 属性" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:842 +msgid "reference" +msgstr "引用" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:842 +msgid ". (dot)" +msgstr ". (点号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:842 +msgid "attribute reference" +msgstr "属性引用" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:851 +msgid "AttributeError" +msgstr "AttributeError" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:851 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:876 +msgid "subscription" +msgstr "下标" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 ../../reference/expressions.rst:957 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1731 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 +msgid "mapping" +msgstr "mapping -- 映射" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 ../../reference/expressions.rst:937 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:957 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:880 ../../reference/expressions.rst:937 +msgid "item" +msgstr "条目" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:937 +msgid "character" +msgstr "字符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:951 +msgid "slicing" +msgstr "切片" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:951 +msgid "slice" +msgstr "slice -- 切片" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:983 +msgid "start (slice object attribute)" +msgstr "start (切片对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:983 +msgid "stop (slice object attribute)" +msgstr "stop (切片对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:983 +msgid "step (slice object attribute)" +msgstr "step (切片对象属性)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 +msgid "callable" +msgstr "callable -- 可调用对象" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1149 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1163 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1177 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1184 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1194 +msgid "call" +msgstr "call" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 +msgid "argument" +msgstr "argument -- 参数" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1034 +msgid "call semantics" +msgstr "调用语法" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 +msgid "argument list" +msgstr "参数列表" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 +msgid "= (equals)" +msgstr "= (等于号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1001 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1084 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1114 +msgid "in function calls" +msgstr "在函数调用中" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1034 +msgid "parameter" +msgstr "parameter -- 形参" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1084 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1319 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1930 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1149 +msgid "user-defined" +msgstr "用户自定义" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1149 +msgid "user-defined function" +msgstr "用户自定义函数" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1163 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1163 +msgid "method" +msgstr "method -- 方法" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1163 +msgid "built-in method" +msgstr "内置方法" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1177 +msgid "class" +msgstr "class" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1177 +msgid "class object" +msgstr "类对象" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1184 +msgid "class instance" +msgstr "类实例" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1184 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1194 +msgid "instance" +msgstr "实例" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1194 +msgid "__call__() (object method)" +msgstr "__call__() (对象方法)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1222 +msgid "power" +msgstr "power" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1222 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1258 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1306 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1422 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1451 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1766 +msgid "operation" +msgstr "operation" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1222 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1267 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1276 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1284 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1319 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1332 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1344 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1362 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1392 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1405 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1422 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1460 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1468 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1477 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1731 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1740 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1782 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1787 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1792 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1857 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1981 +msgid "operator" +msgstr "operator" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1258 +msgid "unary" +msgstr "单目" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1258 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1451 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1460 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1468 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1477 +msgid "bitwise" +msgstr "按位" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1267 +msgid "negation" +msgstr "非" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1267 +msgid "minus" +msgstr "负" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1267 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1405 +msgid "- (minus)" +msgstr "- (减号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1267 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1276 +msgid "unary operator" +msgstr "单目运算符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1276 +msgid "plus" +msgstr "正" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1276 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1392 +msgid "+ (plus)" +msgstr "+ (加号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1284 +msgid "inversion" +msgstr "取反" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1284 +msgid "~ (tilde)" +msgstr "~ (波浪号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1295 +msgid "TypeError" +msgstr "TypeError" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1306 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1451 +msgid "binary" +msgstr "二进制" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1319 +msgid "multiplication" +msgstr "乘" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1332 +msgid "matrix multiplication" +msgstr "矩阵乘法" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1332 +msgid "@ (at)" +msgstr "@ (at)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1344 +msgid "ZeroDivisionError" +msgstr "ZeroDivisionError" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1344 +msgid "division" +msgstr "division" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1344 +msgid "/ (slash)" +msgstr "/ (斜杠)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1344 +msgid "//" +msgstr "//" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1362 +msgid "modulo" +msgstr "求模" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1362 +msgid "% (percent)" +msgstr "% (百分号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1392 +msgid "addition" +msgstr "加" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1392 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1405 +msgid "binary operator" +msgstr "双目运算符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1405 +msgid "subtraction" +msgstr "减" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1422 +msgid "shifting" +msgstr "移位" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1422 +msgid "<<" +msgstr "<<" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1422 +msgid ">>" +msgstr ">>" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1440 +msgid "ValueError" +msgstr "ValueError" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1460 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1787 +msgid "and" +msgstr "and" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1460 +msgid "& (ampersand)" +msgstr "& (和)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1468 +msgid "xor" +msgstr "异或" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1468 +msgid "exclusive" +msgstr "排除" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1468 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1477 +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1792 +msgid "or" +msgstr "or" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1468 +msgid "^ (caret)" +msgstr "^ (脱字号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1477 +msgid "inclusive" +msgstr "包含" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1477 +msgid "| (vertical bar)" +msgstr "| (竖线)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "comparison" +msgstr "比较" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "C" +msgstr "C" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "language" +msgstr "语言" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "< (less)" +msgstr "< (小与)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "> (greater)" +msgstr "> (大与)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "<=" +msgstr "<=" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid ">=" +msgstr ">=" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "==" +msgstr "==" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1492 +msgid "!=" +msgstr "!=" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1516 +msgid "chaining" +msgstr "chaining" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1516 +msgid "comparisons" +msgstr "比较" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1731 +msgid "in" +msgstr "in" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1731 +msgid "not in" +msgstr "not in" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1731 +msgid "membership" +msgstr "成员" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1731 ../../reference/expressions.rst:1740 +msgid "test" +msgstr "测试" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1740 +msgid "is" +msgstr "is" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1740 +msgid "is not" +msgstr "is not" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1740 +msgid "identity" +msgstr "标识号" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1766 +msgid "Conditional" +msgstr "条件" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1766 +msgid "Boolean" +msgstr "布尔值" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1782 +msgid "not" +msgstr "not" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1806 +msgid ":= (colon equals)" +msgstr ":= (冒号等号)" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1806 +msgid "assignment expression" +msgstr "赋值表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1806 +msgid "walrus operator" +msgstr "海象运算符" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1806 +msgid "named expression" +msgstr "命名表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1806 +msgid "assignment" +msgstr "赋值" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1857 +msgid "conditional" +msgstr "条件" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1857 +msgid "ternary" +msgstr "三目" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1857 +msgid "conditional expression" +msgstr "条件表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1857 +msgid "else" +msgstr "else" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1883 +msgid "lambda" +msgstr "lambda" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1883 +msgid "form" +msgstr "形式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1883 +msgid "anonymous" +msgstr "匿名" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1883 +msgid "lambda expression" +msgstr "lambda 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1930 +msgid "iterable" +msgstr "iterable -- 可迭代对象" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1930 +msgid "in expression lists" +msgstr "在表达式列表中" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1945 +msgid "trailing" +msgstr "末尾" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1960 +msgid "evaluation" +msgstr "求值" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1960 +msgid "order" +msgstr "顺序" + +#: ../../reference/expressions.rst:1981 +msgid "precedence" +msgstr "优先" diff --git a/reference/grammar.po b/reference/grammar.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f57ce7ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/grammar.po @@ -0,0 +1,2941 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Makdon , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/grammar.rst:4 +msgid "Full Grammar specification" +msgstr "完整的语法规范" + +#: ../../reference/grammar.rst:6 +msgid "" +"This is the full Python grammar, derived directly from the grammar used to " +"generate the CPython parser (see :source:`Grammar/python.gram`). The version" +" here omits details related to code generation and error recovery." +msgstr "" +"这是完整的 Python 语法规范，直接提取自用于生成 CPython 解析器的语法 (参见 " +":source:`Grammar/python.gram`)。 这里显示的版本省略了有关代码生成和错误恢复的细节。" + +#: ../../reference/grammar.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The notation is a mixture of `EBNF " +"`_ and `PEG" +" `_. In " +"particular, ``&`` followed by a symbol, token or parenthesized group " +"indicates a positive lookahead (i.e., is required to match but not " +"consumed), while ``!`` indicates a negative lookahead (i.e., is required " +"*not* to match). We use the ``|`` separator to mean PEG's \"ordered " +"choice\" (written as ``/`` in traditional PEG grammars). See :pep:`617` for " +"more details on the grammar's syntax." +msgstr "" +"该标记法是 `EBNF " +"`_ 和 `PEG " +"`_ 的混合体。 特别地，``&``" +" 后跟一个符号、形符或带括号的分组来表示肯定型前视（即要求匹配但不消耗字符）。而 ``!`` 表示否定型前视（即要求 *不* 匹配）。 我们使用 " +"``|`` 分隔符来表示 PEG 的“有序选择”（在传统 PEG 语法中为 ``/`` 写法）。 请参阅 :pep:`617` " +"了解有关该语法规则的更多细节。" + +#: ../../reference/grammar.rst:21 +msgid "" +"# PEG grammar for Python\n" +"\n" +"@trailer '''\n" +"void *\n" +"_PyPegen_parse(Parser *p)\n" +"{\n" +" // Initialize keywords\n" +" p->keywords = reserved_keywords;\n" +" p->n_keyword_lists = n_keyword_lists;\n" +" p->soft_keywords = soft_keywords;\n" +"\n" +" // Run parser\n" +" void *result = NULL;\n" +" if (p->start_rule == Py_file_input) {\n" +" result = file_rule(p);\n" +" } else if (p->start_rule == Py_single_input) {\n" +" result = interactive_rule(p);\n" +" } else if (p->start_rule == Py_eval_input) {\n" +" result = eval_rule(p);\n" +" } else if (p->start_rule == Py_func_type_input) {\n" +" result = func_type_rule(p);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return result;\n" +"}\n" +"'''\n" +"\n" +"# ========================= START OF THE GRAMMAR =========================\n" +"\n" +"# General grammatical elements and rules:\n" +"#\n" +"# * Strings with double quotes (\") denote SOFT KEYWORDS\n" +"# * Strings with single quotes (') denote KEYWORDS\n" +"# * Upper case names (NAME) denote tokens in the Grammar/Tokens file\n" +"# * Rule names starting with \"invalid_\" are used for specialized syntax errors\n" +"# - These rules are NOT used in the first pass of the parser.\n" +"# - Only if the first pass fails to parse, a second pass including the invalid\n" +"# rules will be executed.\n" +"# - If the parser fails in the second phase with a generic syntax error, the\n" +"# location of the generic failure of the first pass will be used (this avoids\n" +"# reporting incorrect locations due to the invalid rules).\n" +"# - The order of the alternatives involving invalid rules matter\n" +"# (like any rule in PEG).\n" +"#\n" +"# Grammar Syntax (see PEP 617 for more information):\n" +"#\n" +"# rule_name: expression\n" +"# Optionally, a type can be included right after the rule name, which\n" +"# specifies the return type of the C or Python function corresponding to the\n" +"# rule:\n" +"# rule_name[return_type]: expression\n" +"# If the return type is omitted, then a void * is returned in C and an Any in\n" +"# Python.\n" +"# e1 e2\n" +"# Match e1, then match e2.\n" +"# e1 | e2\n" +"# Match e1 or e2.\n" +"# The first alternative can also appear on the line after the rule name for\n" +"# formatting purposes. In that case, a | must be used before the first\n" +"# alternative, like so:\n" +"# rule_name[return_type]:\n" +"# | first_alt\n" +"# | second_alt\n" +"# ( e )\n" +"# Match e (allows also to use other operators in the group like '(e)*')\n" +"# [ e ] or e?\n" +"# Optionally match e.\n" +"# e*\n" +"# Match zero or more occurrences of e.\n" +"# e+\n" +"# Match one or more occurrences of e.\n" +"# s.e+\n" +"# Match one or more occurrences of e, separated by s. The generated parse tree\n" +"# does not include the separator. This is otherwise identical to (e (s e)*).\n" +"# &e\n" +"# Succeed if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.\n" +"# !e\n" +"# Fail if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.\n" +"# ~\n" +"# Commit to the current alternative, even if it fails to parse.\n" +"# &&e\n" +"# Eager parse e. The parser will not backtrack and will immediately \n" +"# fail with SyntaxError if e cannot be parsed.\n" +"#\n" +"\n" +"# STARTING RULES\n" +"# ==============\n" +"\n" +"file[mod_ty]: a=[statements] ENDMARKER { _PyPegen_make_module(p, a) }\n" +"interactive[mod_ty]: a=statement_newline { _PyAST_Interactive(a, p->arena) }\n" +"eval[mod_ty]: a=expressions NEWLINE* ENDMARKER { _PyAST_Expression(a, p->arena) }\n" +"func_type[mod_ty]: '(' a=[type_expressions] ')' '->' b=expression NEWLINE* ENDMARKER { _PyAST_FunctionType(a, b, p->arena) }\n" +"\n" +"# GENERAL STATEMENTS\n" +"# ==================\n" +"\n" +"statements[asdl_stmt_seq*]: a=statement+ { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_flatten(p, a) }\n" +"\n" +"statement[asdl_stmt_seq*]: a=compound_stmt { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) } | a[asdl_stmt_seq*]=simple_stmts { a }\n" +"\n" +"statement_newline[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | a=compound_stmt NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | simple_stmts\n" +" | NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, CHECK(stmt_ty, _PyAST_Pass(EXTRA))) }\n" +" | ENDMARKER { _PyPegen_interactive_exit(p) }\n" +"\n" +"simple_stmts[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | a=simple_stmt !';' NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) } # Not needed, there for speedup\n" +" | a[asdl_stmt_seq*]=';'.simple_stmt+ [';'] NEWLINE { a }\n" +"\n" +"# NOTE: assignment MUST precede expression, else parsing a simple assignment\n" +"# will throw a SyntaxError.\n" +"simple_stmt[stmt_ty] (memo):\n" +" | assignment\n" +" | &\"type\" type_alias\n" +" | e=star_expressions { _PyAST_Expr(e, EXTRA) }\n" +" | &'return' return_stmt\n" +" | &('import' | 'from') import_stmt\n" +" | &'raise' raise_stmt\n" +" | 'pass' { _PyAST_Pass(EXTRA) }\n" +" | &'del' del_stmt\n" +" | &'yield' yield_stmt\n" +" | &'assert' assert_stmt\n" +" | 'break' { _PyAST_Break(EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'continue' { _PyAST_Continue(EXTRA) }\n" +" | &'global' global_stmt\n" +" | &'nonlocal' nonlocal_stmt\n" +"\n" +"compound_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | &('def' | '@' | 'async') function_def\n" +" | &'if' if_stmt\n" +" | &('class' | '@') class_def\n" +" | &('with' | 'async') with_stmt\n" +" | &('for' | 'async') for_stmt\n" +" | &'try' try_stmt\n" +" | &'while' while_stmt\n" +" | match_stmt\n" +"\n" +"# SIMPLE STATEMENTS\n" +"# =================\n" +"\n" +"# NOTE: annotated_rhs may start with 'yield'; yield_expr must start with 'yield'\n" +"assignment[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME ':' b=expression c=['=' d=annotated_rhs { d }] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(\n" +" stmt_ty,\n" +" 6,\n" +" \"Variable annotation syntax is\",\n" +" _PyAST_AnnAssign(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), b, c, 1, EXTRA)\n" +" ) }\n" +" | a=('(' b=single_target ')' { b }\n" +" | single_subscript_attribute_target) ':' b=expression c=['=' d=annotated_rhs { d }] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 6, \"Variable annotations syntax is\", _PyAST_AnnAssign(a, b, c, 0, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(z=star_targets '=' { z })+ b=(yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] {\n" +" _PyAST_Assign(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=single_target b=augassign ~ c=(yield_expr | star_expressions) {\n" +" _PyAST_AugAssign(a, b->kind, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_assignment\n" +"\n" +"annotated_rhs[expr_ty]: yield_expr | star_expressions\n" +"\n" +"augassign[AugOperator*]:\n" +" | '+=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Add) }\n" +" | '-=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Sub) }\n" +" | '*=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Mult) }\n" +" | '@=' { CHECK_VERSION(AugOperator*, 5, \"The '@' operator is\", _PyPegen_augoperator(p, MatMult)) }\n" +" | '/=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Div) }\n" +" | '%=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Mod) }\n" +" | '&=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitAnd) }\n" +" | '|=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitOr) }\n" +" | '^=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitXor) }\n" +" | '<<=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, LShift) }\n" +" | '>>=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, RShift) }\n" +" | '**=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Pow) }\n" +" | '//=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, FloorDiv) }\n" +"\n" +"return_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'return' a=[star_expressions] { _PyAST_Return(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"raise_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'raise' a=expression b=['from' z=expression { z }] { _PyAST_Raise(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'raise' { _PyAST_Raise(NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"global_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'global' a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.NAME+ {\n" +" _PyAST_Global(CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p, a)), EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"nonlocal_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'nonlocal' a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.NAME+ {\n" +" _PyAST_Nonlocal(CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p, a)), EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"del_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'del' a=del_targets &(';' | NEWLINE) { _PyAST_Delete(a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_del_stmt\n" +"\n" +"yield_stmt[stmt_ty]: y=yield_expr { _PyAST_Expr(y, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"assert_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'assert' a=expression b=[',' z=expression { z }] { _PyAST_Assert(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"import_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_import\n" +" | import_name\n" +" | import_from\n" +"\n" +"# Import statements\n" +"# -----------------\n" +"\n" +"import_name[stmt_ty]: 'import' a=dotted_as_names { _PyAST_Import(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"# note below: the ('.' | '...') is necessary because '...' is tokenized as ELLIPSIS\n" +"import_from[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'from' a=('.' | '...')* b=dotted_name 'import' c=import_from_targets {\n" +" _PyPegen_checked_future_import(p, b->v.Name.id, c, _PyPegen_seq_count_dots(a), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'from' a=('.' | '...')+ 'import' b=import_from_targets {\n" +" _PyAST_ImportFrom(NULL, b, _PyPegen_seq_count_dots(a), EXTRA) }\n" +"import_from_targets[asdl_alias_seq*]:\n" +" | '(' a=import_from_as_names [','] ')' { a }\n" +" | import_from_as_names !','\n" +" | '*' { (asdl_alias_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, CHECK(alias_ty, _PyPegen_alias_for_star(p, EXTRA))) }\n" +" | invalid_import_from_targets\n" +"import_from_as_names[asdl_alias_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_alias_seq*]=','.import_from_as_name+ { a }\n" +"import_from_as_name[alias_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME b=['as' z=NAME { z }] { _PyAST_alias(a->v.Name.id,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Name.id : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"dotted_as_names[asdl_alias_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_alias_seq*]=','.dotted_as_name+ { a }\n" +"dotted_as_name[alias_ty]:\n" +" | a=dotted_name b=['as' z=NAME { z }] { _PyAST_alias(a->v.Name.id,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Name.id : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"dotted_name[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=dotted_name '.' b=NAME { _PyPegen_join_names_with_dot(p, a, b) }\n" +" | NAME\n" +"\n" +"# COMPOUND STATEMENTS\n" +"# ===================\n" +"\n" +"# Common elements\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"block[asdl_stmt_seq*] (memo):\n" +" | NEWLINE INDENT a=statements DEDENT { a }\n" +" | simple_stmts\n" +" | invalid_block\n" +"\n" +"decorators[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=('@' f=named_expression NEWLINE { f })+ { a }\n" +"\n" +"# Class definitions\n" +"# -----------------\n" +"\n" +"class_def[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | a=decorators b=class_def_raw { _PyPegen_class_def_decorators(p, a, b) }\n" +" | class_def_raw\n" +"\n" +"class_def_raw[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_class_def_raw\n" +" | 'class' a=NAME t=[type_params] b=['(' z=[arguments] ')' { z }] ':' c=block {\n" +" _PyAST_ClassDef(a->v.Name.id,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,\n" +" c, NULL, t, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# Function definitions\n" +"# --------------------\n" +"\n" +"function_def[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | d=decorators f=function_def_raw { _PyPegen_function_def_decorators(p, d, f) }\n" +" | function_def_raw\n" +"\n" +"function_def_raw[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_def_raw\n" +" | 'def' n=NAME t=[type_params] '(' params=[params] ')' a=['->' z=expression { z }] ':' tc=[func_type_comment] b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_FunctionDef(n->v.Name.id,\n" +" (params) ? params : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)),\n" +" b, NULL, a, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), t, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'async' 'def' n=NAME t=[type_params] '(' params=[params] ')' a=['->' z=expression { z }] ':' tc=[func_type_comment] b=block {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(\n" +" stmt_ty,\n" +" 5,\n" +" \"Async functions are\",\n" +" _PyAST_AsyncFunctionDef(n->v.Name.id,\n" +" (params) ? params : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)),\n" +" b, NULL, a, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), t, EXTRA)\n" +" ) }\n" +"\n" +"# Function parameters\n" +"# -------------------\n" +"\n" +"params[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_parameters\n" +" | parameters\n" +"\n" +"parameters[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | a=slash_no_default b[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default* c=param_with_default* d=[star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, a, NULL, b, c, d)) }\n" +" | a=slash_with_default b=param_with_default* c=[star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, a, NULL, b, c)) }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ b=param_with_default* c=[star_etc] {\n" +" _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, a, b, c) }\n" +" | a=param_with_default+ b=[star_etc] { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, a, b)}\n" +" | a=star_etc { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"# Some duplication here because we can't write (',' | &')'),\n" +"# which is because we don't support empty alternatives (yet).\n" +"\n" +"slash_no_default[asdl_arg_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ '/' ',' { a }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ '/' &')' { a }\n" +"slash_with_default[SlashWithDefault*]:\n" +" | a=param_no_default* b=param_with_default+ '/' ',' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +" | a=param_no_default* b=param_with_default+ '/' &')' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +"\n" +"star_etc[StarEtc*]:\n" +" | invalid_star_etc\n" +" | '*' a=param_no_default b=param_maybe_default* c=[kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }\n" +" | '*' a=param_no_default_star_annotation b=param_maybe_default* c=[kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }\n" +" | '*' ',' b=param_maybe_default+ c=[kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, b, c) }\n" +" | a=kwds { _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"kwds[arg_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_kwds\n" +" | '**' a=param_no_default { a }\n" +"\n" +"# One parameter. This *includes* a following comma and type comment.\n" +"#\n" +"# There are three styles:\n" +"# - No default\n" +"# - With default\n" +"# - Maybe with default\n" +"#\n" +"# There are two alternative forms of each, to deal with type comments:\n" +"# - Ends in a comma followed by an optional type comment\n" +"# - No comma, optional type comment, must be followed by close paren\n" +"# The latter form is for a final parameter without trailing comma.\n" +"#\n" +"\n" +"param_no_default[arg_ty]:\n" +" | a=param ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +" | a=param tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +"param_no_default_star_annotation[arg_ty]:\n" +" | a=param_star_annotation ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +" | a=param_star_annotation tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +"param_with_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=param c=default ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +" | a=param c=default tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +"param_maybe_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=param c=default? ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +" | a=param c=default? tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +"param[arg_ty]: a=NAME b=annotation? { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, b, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"param_star_annotation[arg_ty]: a=NAME b=star_annotation { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, b, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"annotation[expr_ty]: ':' a=expression { a }\n" +"star_annotation[expr_ty]: ':' a=star_expression { a }\n" +"default[expr_ty]: '=' a=expression { a } | invalid_default\n" +"\n" +"# If statement\n" +"# ------------\n" +"\n" +"if_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_if_stmt\n" +" | 'if' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=elif_stmt {\n" +" _PyAST_If(a, b, CHECK(asdl_stmt_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, c)), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'if' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_If(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +"elif_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_elif_stmt\n" +" | 'elif' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=elif_stmt {\n" +" _PyAST_If(a, b, CHECK(asdl_stmt_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, c)), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'elif' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_If(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +"else_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | invalid_else_stmt\n" +" | 'else' &&':' b=block { b }\n" +"\n" +"# While statement\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"while_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_while_stmt\n" +" | 'while' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_While(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# For statement\n" +"# -------------\n" +"\n" +"for_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_for_stmt\n" +" | 'for' t=star_targets 'in' ~ ex=star_expressions ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block el=[else_block] {\n" +" _PyAST_For(t, ex, b, el, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'async' 'for' t=star_targets 'in' ~ ex=star_expressions ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block el=[else_block] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, \"Async for loops are\", _PyAST_AsyncFor(t, ex, b, el, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_for_target\n" +"\n" +"# With statement\n" +"# --------------\n" +"\n" +"with_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_with_stmt_indent\n" +" | 'with' '(' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ','? ')' ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_With(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'with' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_With(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'async' 'with' '(' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ','? ')' ':' b=block {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, \"Async with statements are\", _PyAST_AsyncWith(a, b, NULL, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | 'async' 'with' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, \"Async with statements are\", _PyAST_AsyncWith(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_with_stmt\n" +"\n" +"with_item[withitem_ty]:\n" +" | e=expression 'as' t=star_target &(',' | ')' | ':') { _PyAST_withitem(e, t, p->arena) }\n" +" | invalid_with_item\n" +" | e=expression { _PyAST_withitem(e, NULL, p->arena) }\n" +"\n" +"# Try statement\n" +"# -------------\n" +"\n" +"try_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_try_stmt\n" +" | 'try' &&':' b=block f=finally_block { _PyAST_Try(b, NULL, NULL, f, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] { _PyAST_Try(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_star_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 11, \"Exception groups are\",\n" +" _PyAST_TryStar(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA)) }\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# Except statement\n" +"# ----------------\n" +"\n" +"except_block[excepthandler_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_except_stmt_indent\n" +" | 'except' e=expression t=['as' z=NAME { z }] ':' b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, (t) ? ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id : NULL, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'except' ':' b=block { _PyAST_ExceptHandler(NULL, NULL, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_except_stmt\n" +"except_star_block[excepthandler_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_except_star_stmt_indent\n" +" | 'except' '*' e=expression t=['as' z=NAME { z }] ':' b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, (t) ? ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id : NULL, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_except_stmt\n" +"finally_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | invalid_finally_stmt\n" +" | 'finally' &&':' a=block { a }\n" +"\n" +"# Match statement\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"match_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | \"match\" subject=subject_expr ':' NEWLINE INDENT cases[asdl_match_case_seq*]=case_block+ DEDENT {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 10, \"Pattern matching is\", _PyAST_Match(subject, cases, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_match_stmt\n" +"\n" +"subject_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | value=star_named_expression ',' values=star_named_expressions? {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, value, values)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | named_expression\n" +"\n" +"case_block[match_case_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_case_block\n" +" | \"case\" pattern=patterns guard=guard? ':' body=block {\n" +" _PyAST_match_case(pattern, guard, body, p->arena) }\n" +"\n" +"guard[expr_ty]: 'if' guard=named_expression { guard }\n" +"\n" +"patterns[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]=open_sequence_pattern {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +" | pattern\n" +"\n" +"pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | as_pattern\n" +" | or_pattern\n" +"\n" +"as_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | pattern=or_pattern 'as' target=pattern_capture_target {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchAs(pattern, target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_as_pattern\n" +"\n" +"or_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]='|'.closed_pattern+ {\n" +" asdl_seq_LEN(patterns) == 1 ? asdl_seq_GET(patterns, 0) : _PyAST_MatchOr(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"closed_pattern[pattern_ty] (memo):\n" +" | literal_pattern\n" +" | capture_pattern\n" +" | wildcard_pattern\n" +" | value_pattern\n" +" | group_pattern\n" +" | sequence_pattern\n" +" | mapping_pattern\n" +" | class_pattern\n" +"\n" +"# Literal patterns are used for equality and identity constraints\n" +"literal_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | value=signed_number !('+' | '-') { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }\n" +" | value=complex_number { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }\n" +" | value=strings { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'None' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_None, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'True' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_True, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'False' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_False, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# Literal expressions are used to restrict permitted mapping pattern keys\n" +"literal_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | signed_number !('+' | '-')\n" +" | complex_number\n" +" | strings\n" +" | 'None' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_None, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'True' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_True, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'False' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_False, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"complex_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | real=signed_real_number '+' imag=imaginary_number {\n" +" _PyAST_BinOp(real, Add, imag, EXTRA) }\n" +" | real=signed_real_number '-' imag=imaginary_number {\n" +" _PyAST_BinOp(real, Sub, imag, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"signed_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | NUMBER\n" +" | '-' number=NUMBER { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, number, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"signed_real_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | real_number\n" +" | '-' real=real_number { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, real, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"real_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | real=NUMBER { _PyPegen_ensure_real(p, real) }\n" +"\n" +"imaginary_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | imag=NUMBER { _PyPegen_ensure_imaginary(p, imag) }\n" +"\n" +"capture_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | target=pattern_capture_target { _PyAST_MatchAs(NULL, target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"pattern_capture_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | !\"_\" name=NAME !('.' | '(' | '=') {\n" +" _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, name, Store) }\n" +"\n" +"wildcard_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | \"_\" { _PyAST_MatchAs(NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"value_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | attr=attr !('.' | '(' | '=') { _PyAST_MatchValue(attr, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"attr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | value=name_or_attr '.' attr=NAME {\n" +" _PyAST_Attribute(value, attr->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"name_or_attr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | attr\n" +" | NAME\n" +"\n" +"group_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | '(' pattern=pattern ')' { pattern }\n" +"\n" +"sequence_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | '[' patterns=maybe_sequence_pattern? ']' { _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '(' patterns=open_sequence_pattern? ')' { _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"open_sequence_pattern[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | pattern=maybe_star_pattern ',' patterns=maybe_sequence_pattern? {\n" +" _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, pattern, patterns) }\n" +"\n" +"maybe_sequence_pattern[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | patterns=','.maybe_star_pattern+ ','? { patterns }\n" +"\n" +"maybe_star_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | star_pattern\n" +" | pattern\n" +"\n" +"star_pattern[pattern_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '*' target=pattern_capture_target {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchStar(target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '*' wildcard_pattern {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchStar(NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"mapping_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | '{' '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(NULL, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' rest=double_star_pattern ','? '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(NULL, NULL, rest->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' items=items_pattern ',' rest=double_star_pattern ','? '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, items)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, items)),\n" +" rest->v.Name.id,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' items=items_pattern ','? '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, items)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, items)),\n" +" NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"items_pattern[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | ','.key_value_pattern+\n" +"\n" +"key_value_pattern[KeyPatternPair*]:\n" +" | key=(literal_expr | attr) ':' pattern=pattern {\n" +" _PyPegen_key_pattern_pair(p, key, pattern) }\n" +"\n" +"double_star_pattern[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '**' target=pattern_capture_target { target }\n" +"\n" +"class_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(cls, NULL, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' patterns=positional_patterns ','? ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(cls, patterns, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' keywords=keyword_patterns ','? ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(\n" +" cls, NULL,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, keywords)))),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, keywords)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' patterns=positional_patterns ',' keywords=keyword_patterns ','? ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(\n" +" cls,\n" +" patterns,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, keywords)))),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, keywords)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_class_pattern\n" +"\n" +"positional_patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]:\n" +" | args[asdl_pattern_seq*]=','.pattern+ { args }\n" +"\n" +"keyword_patterns[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | ','.keyword_pattern+\n" +"\n" +"keyword_pattern[KeyPatternPair*]:\n" +" | arg=NAME '=' value=pattern { _PyPegen_key_pattern_pair(p, arg, value) }\n" +"\n" +"# Type statement\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"type_alias[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | \"type\" n=NAME t=[type_params] '=' b=expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 12, \"Type statement is\",\n" +" _PyAST_TypeAlias(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, n, Store)), t, b, EXTRA)) }\n" +"\n" +"# Type parameter declaration\n" +"# --------------------------\n" +"\n" +"type_params[asdl_type_param_seq*]: \n" +" | invalid_type_params\n" +" | '[' t=type_param_seq ']' {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(asdl_type_param_seq *, 12, \"Type parameter lists are\", t) }\n" +"\n" +"type_param_seq[asdl_type_param_seq*]: a[asdl_type_param_seq*]=','.type_param+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"type_param[type_param_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=NAME b=[type_param_bound] c=[type_param_default] { _PyAST_TypeVar(a->v.Name.id, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '*' a=NAME colon=':' e=expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(colon, e->kind == Tuple_kind\n" +" ? \"cannot use constraints with TypeVarTuple\"\n" +" : \"cannot use bound with TypeVarTuple\")\n" +" }\n" +" | '*' a=NAME b=[type_param_starred_default] { _PyAST_TypeVarTuple(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '**' a=NAME colon=':' e=expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(colon, e->kind == Tuple_kind\n" +" ? \"cannot use constraints with ParamSpec\"\n" +" : \"cannot use bound with ParamSpec\")\n" +" }\n" +" | '**' a=NAME b=[type_param_default] { _PyAST_ParamSpec(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"type_param_bound[expr_ty]: ':' e=expression { e }\n" +"type_param_default[expr_ty]: '=' e=expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 13, \"Type parameter defaults are\", e) }\n" +"type_param_starred_default[expr_ty]: '=' e=star_expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 13, \"Type parameter defaults are\", e) }\n" +"\n" +"# EXPRESSIONS\n" +"# -----------\n" +"\n" +"expressions[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=expression b=(',' c=expression { c })+ [','] {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=expression ',' { _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | expression\n" +"\n" +"expression[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | invalid_expression\n" +" | invalid_legacy_expression\n" +" | a=disjunction 'if' b=disjunction 'else' c=expression { _PyAST_IfExp(b, a, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | disjunction\n" +" | lambdef\n" +"\n" +"yield_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | 'yield' 'from' a=expression { _PyAST_YieldFrom(a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'yield' a=[star_expressions] { _PyAST_Yield(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"star_expressions[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=star_expression b=(',' c=star_expression { c })+ [','] {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=star_expression ',' { _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | star_expression\n" +"\n" +"star_expression[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '*' a=bitwise_or { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | expression\n" +"\n" +"star_named_expressions[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.star_named_expression+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"star_named_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '*' a=bitwise_or { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | named_expression\n" +"\n" +"assignment_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME ':=' ~ b=expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 8, \"Assignment expressions are\",\n" +" _PyAST_NamedExpr(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), b, EXTRA)) }\n" +"\n" +"named_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | assignment_expression\n" +" | invalid_named_expression\n" +" | expression !':='\n" +"\n" +"disjunction[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=conjunction b=('or' c=conjunction { c })+ { _PyAST_BoolOp(\n" +" Or,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | conjunction\n" +"\n" +"conjunction[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=inversion b=('and' c=inversion { c })+ { _PyAST_BoolOp(\n" +" And,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | inversion\n" +"\n" +"inversion[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | 'not' a=inversion { _PyAST_UnaryOp(Not, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | comparison\n" +"\n" +"# Comparison operators\n" +"# --------------------\n" +"\n" +"comparison[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_or b=compare_op_bitwise_or_pair+ {\n" +" _PyAST_Compare(\n" +" a,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_int_seq*, _PyPegen_get_cmpops(p, b)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_exprs(p, b)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | bitwise_or\n" +"\n" +"compare_op_bitwise_or_pair[CmpopExprPair*]:\n" +" | eq_bitwise_or\n" +" | noteq_bitwise_or\n" +" | lte_bitwise_or\n" +" | lt_bitwise_or\n" +" | gte_bitwise_or\n" +" | gt_bitwise_or\n" +" | notin_bitwise_or\n" +" | in_bitwise_or\n" +" | isnot_bitwise_or\n" +" | is_bitwise_or\n" +"\n" +"eq_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '==' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Eq, a) }\n" +"noteq_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]:\n" +" | (tok='!=' { _PyPegen_check_barry_as_flufl(p, tok) ? NULL : tok}) a=bitwise_or {_PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, NotEq, a) }\n" +"lte_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '<=' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, LtE, a) }\n" +"lt_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '<' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Lt, a) }\n" +"gte_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '>=' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, GtE, a) }\n" +"gt_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '>' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Gt, a) }\n" +"notin_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'not' 'in' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, NotIn, a) }\n" +"in_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'in' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, In, a) }\n" +"isnot_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'is' 'not' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, IsNot, a) }\n" +"is_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'is' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Is, a) }\n" +"\n" +"# Bitwise operators\n" +"# -----------------\n" +"\n" +"bitwise_or[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_or '|' b=bitwise_xor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitOr, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | bitwise_xor\n" +"\n" +"bitwise_xor[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_xor '^' b=bitwise_and { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitXor, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | bitwise_and\n" +"\n" +"bitwise_and[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_and '&' b=shift_expr { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitAnd, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | shift_expr\n" +"\n" +"shift_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=shift_expr '<<' b=sum { _PyAST_BinOp(a, LShift, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=shift_expr '>>' b=sum { _PyAST_BinOp(a, RShift, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_arithmetic\n" +" | sum\n" +"\n" +"# Arithmetic operators\n" +"# --------------------\n" +"\n" +"sum[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=sum '+' b=term { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Add, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=sum '-' b=term { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Sub, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | term\n" +"\n" +"term[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=term '*' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Mult, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '/' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Div, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '//' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, FloorDiv, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '%' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Mod, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '@' b=factor { CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 5, \"The '@' operator is\", _PyAST_BinOp(a, MatMult, b, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_factor\n" +" | factor\n" +"\n" +"factor[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '+' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(UAdd, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '-' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '~' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(Invert, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | power\n" +"\n" +"power[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=await_primary '**' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Pow, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | await_primary\n" +"\n" +"# Primary elements\n" +"# ----------------\n" +"\n" +"# Primary elements are things like \"obj.something.something\", \"obj[something]\", \"obj(something)\", \"obj\" ...\n" +"\n" +"await_primary[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | 'await' a=primary { CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 5, \"Await expressions are\", _PyAST_Await(a, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | primary\n" +"\n" +"primary[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=primary '.' b=NAME { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=primary b=genexp { _PyAST_Call(a, CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, b)), NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=primary '(' b=[arguments] ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_Call(a,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=primary '[' b=slices ']' { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | atom\n" +"\n" +"slices[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=slice !',' { a }\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.(slice | starred_expression)+ [','] { _PyAST_Tuple(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"slice[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=[expression] ':' b=[expression] c=[':' d=[expression] { d }] { _PyAST_Slice(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=named_expression { a }\n" +"\n" +"atom[expr_ty]:\n" +" | NAME\n" +" | 'True' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_True, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'False' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_False, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'None' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_None, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | &(STRING|FSTRING_START) strings\n" +" | NUMBER\n" +" | &'(' (tuple | group | genexp)\n" +" | &'[' (list | listcomp)\n" +" | &'{' (dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp)\n" +" | '...' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_Ellipsis, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"group[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '(' a=(yield_expr | named_expression) ')' { a }\n" +" | invalid_group\n" +"\n" +"# Lambda functions\n" +"# ----------------\n" +"\n" +"lambdef[expr_ty]:\n" +" | 'lambda' a=[lambda_params] ':' b=expression {\n" +" _PyAST_Lambda((a) ? a : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)), b, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_params[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_lambda_parameters\n" +" | lambda_parameters\n" +"\n" +"# lambda_parameters etc. duplicates parameters but without annotations\n" +"# or type comments, and if there's no comma after a parameter, we expect\n" +"# a colon, not a close parenthesis. (For more, see parameters above.)\n" +"#\n" +"lambda_parameters[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | a=lambda_slash_no_default b[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default* c=lambda_param_with_default* d=[lambda_star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, a, NULL, b, c, d)) }\n" +" | a=lambda_slash_with_default b=lambda_param_with_default* c=[lambda_star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, a, NULL, b, c)) }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ b=lambda_param_with_default* c=[lambda_star_etc] {\n" +" _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, a, b, c) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param_with_default+ b=[lambda_star_etc] { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, a, b)}\n" +" | a=lambda_star_etc { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_slash_no_default[asdl_arg_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ '/' ',' { a }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ '/' &':' { a }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_slash_with_default[SlashWithDefault*]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param_no_default* b=lambda_param_with_default+ '/' ',' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param_no_default* b=lambda_param_with_default+ '/' &':' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_star_etc[StarEtc*]:\n" +" | invalid_lambda_star_etc\n" +" | '*' a=lambda_param_no_default b=lambda_param_maybe_default* c=[lambda_kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }\n" +" | '*' ',' b=lambda_param_maybe_default+ c=[lambda_kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, b, c) }\n" +" | a=lambda_kwds { _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_kwds[arg_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_lambda_kwds\n" +" | '**' a=lambda_param_no_default { a }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_param_no_default[arg_ty]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param ',' { a }\n" +" | a=lambda_param &':' { a }\n" +"lambda_param_with_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default ',' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default &':' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +"lambda_param_maybe_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default? ',' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default? &':' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +"lambda_param[arg_ty]: a=NAME { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# LITERALS\n" +"# ========\n" +"\n" +"fstring_middle[expr_ty]:\n" +" | fstring_replacement_field\n" +" | t=FSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_constant_from_token(p, t) }\n" +"fstring_replacement_field[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=annotated_rhs debug_expr='='? conversion=[fstring_conversion] format=[fstring_full_format_spec] rbrace='}' {\n" +" _PyPegen_formatted_value(p, a, debug_expr, conversion, format, rbrace, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_replacement_field\n" +"fstring_conversion[ResultTokenWithMetadata*]:\n" +" | conv_token=\"!\" conv=NAME { _PyPegen_check_fstring_conversion(p, conv_token, conv) }\n" +"fstring_full_format_spec[ResultTokenWithMetadata*]:\n" +" | colon=':' spec=fstring_format_spec* { _PyPegen_setup_full_format_spec(p, colon, (asdl_expr_seq *) spec, EXTRA) }\n" +"fstring_format_spec[expr_ty]:\n" +" | t=FSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_decoded_constant_from_token(p, t) }\n" +" | fstring_replacement_field\n" +"fstring[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=FSTRING_START b=fstring_middle* c=FSTRING_END { _PyPegen_joined_str(p, a, (asdl_expr_seq*)b, c) }\n" +"\n" +"string[expr_ty]: s[Token*]=STRING { _PyPegen_constant_from_string(p, s) }\n" +"strings[expr_ty] (memo): a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(fstring|string)+ { _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(p, a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"list[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '[' a=[star_named_expressions] ']' { _PyAST_List(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"tuple[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '(' a=[y=star_named_expression ',' z=[star_named_expressions] { _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, y, z) } ] ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"set[expr_ty]: '{' a=star_named_expressions '}' { _PyAST_Set(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# Dicts\n" +"# -----\n" +"\n" +"dict[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=[double_starred_kvpairs] '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_Dict(\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_keys(p, a)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_values(p, a)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' invalid_double_starred_kvpairs '}'\n" +"\n" +"double_starred_kvpairs[asdl_seq*]: a=','.double_starred_kvpair+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"double_starred_kvpair[KeyValuePair*]:\n" +" | '**' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_key_value_pair(p, NULL, a) }\n" +" | kvpair\n" +"\n" +"kvpair[KeyValuePair*]: a=expression ':' b=expression { _PyPegen_key_value_pair(p, a, b) }\n" +"\n" +"# Comprehensions & Generators\n" +"# ---------------------------\n" +"\n" +"for_if_clauses[asdl_comprehension_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_comprehension_seq*]=for_if_clause+ { a }\n" +"\n" +"for_if_clause[comprehension_ty]:\n" +" | 'async' 'for' a=star_targets 'in' ~ b=disjunction c[asdl_expr_seq*]=('if' z=disjunction { z })* {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(comprehension_ty, 6, \"Async comprehensions are\", _PyAST_comprehension(a, b, c, 1, p->arena)) }\n" +" | 'for' a=star_targets 'in' ~ b=disjunction c[asdl_expr_seq*]=('if' z=disjunction { z })* {\n" +" _PyAST_comprehension(a, b, c, 0, p->arena) }\n" +" | 'async'? 'for' (bitwise_or (',' bitwise_or)* [',']) !'in' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"'in' expected after for-loop variables\") }\n" +" | invalid_for_target\n" +"\n" +"listcomp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '[' a=named_expression b=for_if_clauses ']' { _PyAST_ListComp(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"setcomp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=named_expression b=for_if_clauses '}' { _PyAST_SetComp(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"genexp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '(' a=( assignment_expression | expression !':=') b=for_if_clauses ')' { _PyAST_GeneratorExp(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"dictcomp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=kvpair b=for_if_clauses '}' { _PyAST_DictComp(a->key, a->value, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_dict_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"# FUNCTION CALL ARGUMENTS\n" +"# =======================\n" +"\n" +"arguments[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=args [','] &')' { a }\n" +" | invalid_arguments\n" +"\n" +"args[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.(starred_expression | ( assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ b=[',' k=kwargs {k}] {\n" +" _PyPegen_collect_call_seqs(p, a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=kwargs { _PyAST_Call(_PyPegen_dummy_name(p),\n" +" CHECK_NULL_ALLOWED(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_extract_starred_exprs(p, a)),\n" +" CHECK_NULL_ALLOWED(asdl_keyword_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_delete_starred_exprs(p, a)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"kwargs[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | a=','.kwarg_or_starred+ ',' b=','.kwarg_or_double_starred+ { _PyPegen_join_sequences(p, a, b) }\n" +" | ','.kwarg_or_starred+\n" +" | ','.kwarg_or_double_starred+\n" +"\n" +"starred_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_starred_expression\n" +" | '*' a=expression { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '*' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"Invalid star expression\") }\n" +"\n" +"kwarg_or_starred[KeywordOrStarred*]:\n" +" | invalid_kwarg\n" +" | a=NAME '=' b=expression {\n" +" _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, CHECK(keyword_ty, _PyAST_keyword(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA)), 1) }\n" +" | a=starred_expression { _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, a, 0) }\n" +"\n" +"kwarg_or_double_starred[KeywordOrStarred*]:\n" +" | invalid_kwarg\n" +" | a=NAME '=' b=expression {\n" +" _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, CHECK(keyword_ty, _PyAST_keyword(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA)), 1) }\n" +" | '**' a=expression { _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, CHECK(keyword_ty, _PyAST_keyword(NULL, a, EXTRA)), 1) }\n" +"\n" +"# ASSIGNMENT TARGETS\n" +"# ==================\n" +"\n" +"# Generic targets\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"# NOTE: star_targets may contain *bitwise_or, targets may not.\n" +"star_targets[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=star_target !',' { a }\n" +" | a=star_target b=(',' c=star_target { c })* [','] {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Store, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"star_targets_list_seq[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.star_target+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"star_targets_tuple_seq[asdl_expr_seq*]:\n" +" | a=star_target b=(',' c=star_target { c })+ [','] { (asdl_expr_seq*) _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b) }\n" +" | a=star_target ',' { (asdl_expr_seq*) _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +"\n" +"star_target[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '*' a=(!'*' star_target) {\n" +" _PyAST_Starred(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | target_with_star_atom\n" +"\n" +"target_with_star_atom[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | star_atom\n" +"\n" +"star_atom[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store) }\n" +" | '(' a=target_with_star_atom ')' { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store) }\n" +" | '(' a=[star_targets_tuple_seq] ')' { _PyAST_Tuple(a, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '[' a=[star_targets_list_seq] ']' { _PyAST_List(a, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"single_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | single_subscript_attribute_target\n" +" | a=NAME { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store) }\n" +" | '(' a=single_target ')' { a }\n" +"\n" +"single_subscript_attribute_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"t_primary[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME &t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' &t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary b=genexp &t_lookahead {\n" +" _PyAST_Call(a, CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, b)), NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '(' b=[arguments] ')' &t_lookahead {\n" +" _PyAST_Call(a,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=atom &t_lookahead { a }\n" +"\n" +"t_lookahead: '(' | '[' | '.'\n" +"\n" +"# Targets for del statements\n" +"# --------------------------\n" +"\n" +"del_targets[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.del_target+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"del_target[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +" | del_t_atom\n" +"\n" +"del_t_atom[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Del) }\n" +" | '(' a=del_target ')' { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Del) }\n" +" | '(' a=[del_targets] ')' { _PyAST_Tuple(a, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '[' a=[del_targets] ']' { _PyAST_List(a, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# TYPING ELEMENTS\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"# type_expressions allow */** but ignore them\n" +"type_expressions[asdl_expr_seq*]:\n" +" | a=','.expression+ ',' '*' b=expression ',' '**' c=expression {\n" +" (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(\n" +" p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(p, a, b)),\n" +" c) }\n" +" | a=','.expression+ ',' '*' b=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(p, a, b) }\n" +" | a=','.expression+ ',' '**' b=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(p, a, b) }\n" +" | '*' a=expression ',' '**' b=expression {\n" +" (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(\n" +" p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)),\n" +" b) }\n" +" | '*' a=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | '**' a=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.expression+ {a}\n" +"\n" +"func_type_comment[Token*]:\n" +" | NEWLINE t=TYPE_COMMENT &(NEWLINE INDENT) { t } # Must be followed by indented block\n" +" | invalid_double_type_comments\n" +" | TYPE_COMMENT\n" +"\n" +"# ========================= END OF THE GRAMMAR ===========================\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# ========================= START OF INVALID RULES =======================\n" +"\n" +"# From here on, there are rules for invalid syntax with specialised error messages\n" +"invalid_arguments:\n" +" | ((','.(starred_expression | ( assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs) | kwargs) a=',' ','.(starred_expression !'=')+ {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"iterable argument unpacking follows keyword argument unpacking\") }\n" +" | a=expression b=for_if_clauses ',' [args | expression for_if_clauses] {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, _PyPegen_get_last_comprehension_item(PyPegen_last_item(b, comprehension_ty)), \"Generator expression must be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | a=NAME b='=' expression for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?\")}\n" +" | (args ',')? a=NAME b='=' &(',' | ')') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"expected argument value expression\")}\n" +" | a=args b=for_if_clauses { _PyPegen_nonparen_genexp_in_call(p, a, b) }\n" +" | args ',' a=expression b=for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, _PyPegen_get_last_comprehension_item(PyPegen_last_item(b, comprehension_ty)), \"Generator expression must be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | a=args ',' args { _PyPegen_arguments_parsing_error(p, a) }\n" +"invalid_kwarg:\n" +" | a[Token*]=('True'|'False'|'None') b='=' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot assign to %s\", PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->bytes)) }\n" +" | a=NAME b='=' expression for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?\")}\n" +" | !(NAME '=') a=expression b='=' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(\n" +" a, b, \"expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant \\\"==\\\"?\") }\n" +" | a='**' expression '=' b=expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking\") }\n" +"\n" +"# IMPORTANT: Note that the \"_without_invalid\" suffix causes the rule to not call invalid rules under it\n" +"expression_without_invalid[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=disjunction 'if' b=disjunction 'else' c=expression { _PyAST_IfExp(b, a, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | disjunction\n" +" | lambdef\n" +"invalid_legacy_expression:\n" +" | a=NAME !'(' b=star_expressions {\n" +" _PyPegen_check_legacy_stmt(p, a) ? RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b,\n" +" \"Missing parentheses in call to '%U'. Did you mean %U(...)?\", a->v.Name.id, a->v.Name.id) : NULL}\n" +"\n" +"invalid_expression:\n" +" # !(NAME STRING) is not matched so we don't show this error with some invalid string prefixes like: kf\"dsfsdf\"\n" +" # Soft keywords need to also be ignored because they can be parsed as NAME NAME\n" +" | !(NAME STRING | SOFT_KEYWORD) a=disjunction b=expression_without_invalid {\n" +" _PyPegen_check_legacy_stmt(p, a) ? NULL : p->tokens[p->mark-1]->level == 0 ? NULL :\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?\") }\n" +" | a=disjunction 'if' b=disjunction !('else'|':') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"expected 'else' after 'if' expression\") }\n" +" | a='lambda' [lambda_params] b=':' &FSTRING_MIDDLE {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"f-string: lambda expressions are not allowed without parentheses\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_named_expression(memo):\n" +" | a=expression ':=' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(\n" +" a, \"cannot use assignment expressions with %s\", _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)) }\n" +" | a=NAME '=' b=bitwise_or !('='|':=') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?\") }\n" +" | !(list|tuple|genexp|'True'|'None'|'False') a=bitwise_or b='=' bitwise_or !('='|':=') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot assign to %s here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?\",\n" +" _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_assignment:\n" +" | a=invalid_ann_assign_target ':' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(\n" +" a,\n" +" \"only single target (not %s) can be annotated\",\n" +" _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)\n" +" )}\n" +" | a=star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions* ':' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"only single target (not tuple) can be annotated\") }\n" +" | a=expression ':' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"illegal target for annotation\") }\n" +" | (star_targets '=')* a=star_expressions '=' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(STAR_TARGETS, a) }\n" +" | (star_targets '=')* a=yield_expr '=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"assignment to yield expression not possible\") }\n" +" | a=star_expressions augassign annotated_rhs {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(\n" +" a,\n" +" \"'%s' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment\",\n" +" _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)\n" +" )}\n" +"invalid_ann_assign_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | list\n" +" | tuple\n" +" | '(' a=invalid_ann_assign_target ')' { a }\n" +"invalid_del_stmt:\n" +" | 'del' a=star_expressions {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(DEL_TARGETS, a) }\n" +"invalid_block:\n" +" | NEWLINE !INDENT { RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block\") }\n" +"invalid_comprehension:\n" +" | ('[' | '(' | '{') a=starred_expression for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"iterable unpacking cannot be used in comprehension\") }\n" +" | ('[' | '{') a=star_named_expression ',' b=star_named_expressions for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, PyPegen_last_item(b, expr_ty),\n" +" \"did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\") }\n" +" | ('[' | '{') a=star_named_expression b=',' for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\") }\n" +"invalid_dict_comprehension:\n" +" | '{' a='**' bitwise_or for_if_clauses '}' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"dict unpacking cannot be used in dict comprehension\") }\n" +"invalid_parameters:\n" +" | a=\"/\" ',' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"at least one argument must precede /\") }\n" +" | (slash_no_default | slash_with_default) param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ may appear only once\") }\n" +" | slash_no_default? param_no_default* invalid_parameters_helper a=param_no_default {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"parameter without a default follows parameter with a default\") }\n" +" | param_no_default* a='(' param_no_default+ ','? b=')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"Function parameters cannot be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | (slash_no_default | slash_with_default)? param_maybe_default* '*' (',' | param_no_default) param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ must be ahead of *\") }\n" +" | param_maybe_default+ '/' a='*' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expected comma between / and *\") }\n" +"invalid_default:\n" +" | a='=' &(')'|',') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expected default value expression\") }\n" +"invalid_star_etc:\n" +" | a='*' (')' | ',' (')' | '**')) { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"named arguments must follow bare *\") }\n" +" | '*' ',' TYPE_COMMENT { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"bare * has associated type comment\") }\n" +" | '*' param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-positional argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '*' (param_no_default | ',') param_maybe_default* a='*' (param_no_default | ',') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"* argument may appear only once\") }\n" +"invalid_kwds:\n" +" | '**' param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-keyword argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '**' param ',' a=param { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +" | '**' param ',' a[Token*]=('*'|'**'|'/') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +"invalid_parameters_helper: # This is only there to avoid type errors\n" +" | a=slash_with_default { _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | param_with_default+\n" +"invalid_lambda_parameters:\n" +" | a=\"/\" ',' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"at least one argument must precede /\") }\n" +" | (lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default) lambda_param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ may appear only once\") }\n" +" | lambda_slash_no_default? lambda_param_no_default* invalid_lambda_parameters_helper a=lambda_param_no_default {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"parameter without a default follows parameter with a default\") }\n" +" | lambda_param_no_default* a='(' ','.lambda_param+ ','? b=')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | (lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default)? lambda_param_maybe_default* '*' (',' | lambda_param_no_default) lambda_param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ must be ahead of *\") }\n" +" | lambda_param_maybe_default+ '/' a='*' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expected comma between / and *\") }\n" +"invalid_lambda_parameters_helper:\n" +" | a=lambda_slash_with_default { _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | lambda_param_with_default+\n" +"invalid_lambda_star_etc:\n" +" | '*' (':' | ',' (':' | '**')) { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"named arguments must follow bare *\") }\n" +" | '*' lambda_param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-positional argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',') lambda_param_maybe_default* a='*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"* argument may appear only once\") }\n" +"invalid_lambda_kwds:\n" +" | '**' lambda_param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-keyword argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '**' lambda_param ',' a=lambda_param { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +" | '**' lambda_param ',' a[Token*]=('*'|'**'|'/') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +"invalid_double_type_comments:\n" +" | TYPE_COMMENT NEWLINE TYPE_COMMENT NEWLINE INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"Cannot have two type comments on def\") }\n" +"invalid_with_item:\n" +" | expression 'as' a=expression &(',' | ')' | ':') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(STAR_TARGETS, a) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_for_target:\n" +" | 'async'? 'for' a=star_expressions {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(FOR_TARGETS, a) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_group:\n" +" | '(' a=starred_expression ')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot use starred expression here\") }\n" +" | '(' a='**' expression ')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot use double starred expression here\") }\n" +"invalid_import:\n" +" | a='import' ','.dotted_name+ 'from' dotted_name {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?\") }\n" +" | 'import' token=NEWLINE { \n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(token, \"Expected one or more names after 'import'\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_import_from_targets:\n" +" | import_from_as_names ',' NEWLINE {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses\") }\n" +" | token=NEWLINE { \n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(token, \"Expected one or more names after 'import'\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_with_stmt:\n" +" | ['async'] 'with' ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+ NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | ['async'] 'with' '(' ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+ ','? ')' NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +"invalid_with_stmt_indent:\n" +" | ['async'] a='with' ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+ ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | ['async'] a='with' '(' ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+ ','? ')' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_try_stmt:\n" +" | a='try' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'try' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | 'try' ':' block !('except' | 'finally') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected 'except' or 'finally' block\") }\n" +" | 'try' ':' block* except_block+ a='except' b='*' expression ['as' NAME] ':' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'\") }\n" +" | 'try' ':' block* except_star_block+ a='except' [expression ['as' NAME]] ':' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'\") }\n" +"invalid_except_stmt:\n" +" | 'except' '*'? a=expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME ] ':' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"multiple exception types must be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | a='except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME ] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='except' NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected one or more exception types\") }\n" +"invalid_finally_stmt:\n" +" | a='finally' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_except_stmt_indent:\n" +" | a='except' expression ['as' NAME ] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | a='except' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT { RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_except_star_stmt_indent:\n" +" | a='except' '*' expression ['as' NAME ] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'except*' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_match_stmt:\n" +" | \"match\" subject_expr NEWLINE { CHECK_VERSION(void*, 10, \"Pattern matching is\", RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") ) }\n" +" | a=\"match\" subject=subject_expr ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'match' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_case_block:\n" +" | \"case\" patterns guard? NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a=\"case\" patterns guard? ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_as_pattern:\n" +" | or_pattern 'as' a=\"_\" { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot use '_' as a target\") }\n" +" | or_pattern 'as' !NAME a=expression { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"invalid pattern target\") }\n" +"invalid_class_pattern:\n" +" | name_or_attr '(' a=invalid_class_argument_pattern { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(\n" +" PyPegen_first_item(a, pattern_ty),\n" +" PyPegen_last_item(a, pattern_ty),\n" +" \"positional patterns follow keyword patterns\") }\n" +"invalid_class_argument_pattern[asdl_pattern_seq*]:\n" +" | [positional_patterns ','] keyword_patterns ',' a=positional_patterns { a }\n" +"invalid_if_stmt:\n" +" | 'if' named_expression NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='if' a=named_expression ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'if' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_elif_stmt:\n" +" | 'elif' named_expression NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='elif' named_expression ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'elif' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_else_stmt:\n" +" | a='else' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_while_stmt:\n" +" | 'while' named_expression NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='while' named_expression ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'while' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_for_stmt:\n" +" | ['async'] 'for' star_targets 'in' star_expressions NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | ['async'] a='for' star_targets 'in' star_expressions ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_def_raw:\n" +" | ['async'] a='def' NAME [type_params] '(' [params] ')' ['->' expression] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after function definition on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | ['async'] 'def' NAME [type_params] &&'(' [params] ')' ['->' expression] &&':' [func_type_comment] block\n" +"invalid_class_def_raw:\n" +" | 'class' NAME [type_params] ['(' [arguments] ')'] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='class' NAME [type_params] ['(' [arguments] ')'] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after class definition on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_double_starred_kvpairs:\n" +" | ','.double_starred_kvpair+ ',' invalid_kvpair\n" +" | expression ':' a='*' bitwise_or { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value\") }\n" +" | expression a=':' &('}'|',') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expression expected after dictionary key and ':'\") }\n" +"invalid_kvpair:\n" +" | a=expression !(':') {\n" +" RAISE_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(p, PyExc_SyntaxError, a->lineno, a->end_col_offset - 1, a->end_lineno, -1, \"':' expected after dictionary key\") }\n" +" | expression ':' a='*' bitwise_or { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value\") }\n" +" | expression a=':' &('}'|',') {RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expression expected after dictionary key and ':'\") }\n" +"invalid_starred_expression:\n" +" | a='*' expression '=' b=expression { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_replacement_field:\n" +" | '{' a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before '='\") }\n" +" | '{' a='!' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before '!'\") }\n" +" | '{' a=':' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before ':'\") }\n" +" | '{' a='}' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' !annotated_rhs { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting a valid expression after '{'\")}\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs !('=' | '!' | ':' | '}') {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '=', or '!', or ':', or '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '=' !('!' | ':' | '}') {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '!', or ':', or '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? invalid_conversion_character\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] !(':' | '}') {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting ':' or '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] ':' fstring_format_spec* !'}' {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '}', or format specs\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] !'}' {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '}'\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_conversion_character:\n" +" | '!' &(':' | '}') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: missing conversion character\") }\n" +" | '!' !NAME { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: invalid conversion character\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_arithmetic:\n" +" | sum ('+'|'-'|'*'|'/'|'%'|'//'|'@') a='not' b=inversion { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"'not' after an operator must be parenthesized\") }\n" +"invalid_factor:\n" +" | ('+' | '-' | '~') a='not' b=factor { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"'not' after an operator must be parenthesized\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_type_params:\n" +" | '[' token=']' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(\n" +" token, \n" +" \"Type parameter list cannot be empty\")}\n" +msgstr "" +"# PEG grammar for Python\n" +"\n" +"@trailer '''\n" +"void *\n" +"_PyPegen_parse(Parser *p)\n" +"{\n" +" // Initialize keywords\n" +" p->keywords = reserved_keywords;\n" +" p->n_keyword_lists = n_keyword_lists;\n" +" p->soft_keywords = soft_keywords;\n" +"\n" +" // Run parser\n" +" void *result = NULL;\n" +" if (p->start_rule == Py_file_input) {\n" +" result = file_rule(p);\n" +" } else if (p->start_rule == Py_single_input) {\n" +" result = interactive_rule(p);\n" +" } else if (p->start_rule == Py_eval_input) {\n" +" result = eval_rule(p);\n" +" } else if (p->start_rule == Py_func_type_input) {\n" +" result = func_type_rule(p);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" return result;\n" +"}\n" +"'''\n" +"\n" +"# ========================= START OF THE GRAMMAR =========================\n" +"\n" +"# General grammatical elements and rules:\n" +"#\n" +"# * Strings with double quotes (\") denote SOFT KEYWORDS\n" +"# * Strings with single quotes (') denote KEYWORDS\n" +"# * Upper case names (NAME) denote tokens in the Grammar/Tokens file\n" +"# * Rule names starting with \"invalid_\" are used for specialized syntax errors\n" +"# - These rules are NOT used in the first pass of the parser.\n" +"# - Only if the first pass fails to parse, a second pass including the invalid\n" +"# rules will be executed.\n" +"# - If the parser fails in the second phase with a generic syntax error, the\n" +"# location of the generic failure of the first pass will be used (this avoids\n" +"# reporting incorrect locations due to the invalid rules).\n" +"# - The order of the alternatives involving invalid rules matter\n" +"# (like any rule in PEG).\n" +"#\n" +"# Grammar Syntax (see PEP 617 for more information):\n" +"#\n" +"# rule_name: expression\n" +"# Optionally, a type can be included right after the rule name, which\n" +"# specifies the return type of the C or Python function corresponding to the\n" +"# rule:\n" +"# rule_name[return_type]: expression\n" +"# If the return type is omitted, then a void * is returned in C and an Any in\n" +"# Python.\n" +"# e1 e2\n" +"# Match e1, then match e2.\n" +"# e1 | e2\n" +"# Match e1 or e2.\n" +"# The first alternative can also appear on the line after the rule name for\n" +"# formatting purposes. In that case, a | must be used before the first\n" +"# alternative, like so:\n" +"# rule_name[return_type]:\n" +"# | first_alt\n" +"# | second_alt\n" +"# ( e )\n" +"# Match e (allows also to use other operators in the group like '(e)*')\n" +"# [ e ] or e?\n" +"# Optionally match e.\n" +"# e*\n" +"# Match zero or more occurrences of e.\n" +"# e+\n" +"# Match one or more occurrences of e.\n" +"# s.e+\n" +"# Match one or more occurrences of e, separated by s. The generated parse tree\n" +"# does not include the separator. This is otherwise identical to (e (s e)*).\n" +"# &e\n" +"# Succeed if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.\n" +"# !e\n" +"# Fail if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.\n" +"# ~\n" +"# Commit to the current alternative, even if it fails to parse.\n" +"# &&e\n" +"# Eager parse e. The parser will not backtrack and will immediately \n" +"# fail with SyntaxError if e cannot be parsed.\n" +"#\n" +"\n" +"# STARTING RULES\n" +"# ==============\n" +"\n" +"file[mod_ty]: a=[statements] ENDMARKER { _PyPegen_make_module(p, a) }\n" +"interactive[mod_ty]: a=statement_newline { _PyAST_Interactive(a, p->arena) }\n" +"eval[mod_ty]: a=expressions NEWLINE* ENDMARKER { _PyAST_Expression(a, p->arena) }\n" +"func_type[mod_ty]: '(' a=[type_expressions] ')' '->' b=expression NEWLINE* ENDMARKER { _PyAST_FunctionType(a, b, p->arena) }\n" +"\n" +"# GENERAL STATEMENTS\n" +"# ==================\n" +"\n" +"statements[asdl_stmt_seq*]: a=statement+ { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_flatten(p, a) }\n" +"\n" +"statement[asdl_stmt_seq*]: a=compound_stmt { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) } | a[asdl_stmt_seq*]=simple_stmts { a }\n" +"\n" +"statement_newline[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | a=compound_stmt NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | simple_stmts\n" +" | NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, CHECK(stmt_ty, _PyAST_Pass(EXTRA))) }\n" +" | ENDMARKER { _PyPegen_interactive_exit(p) }\n" +"\n" +"simple_stmts[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | a=simple_stmt !';' NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) } # Not needed, there for speedup\n" +" | a[asdl_stmt_seq*]=';'.simple_stmt+ [';'] NEWLINE { a }\n" +"\n" +"# NOTE: assignment MUST precede expression, else parsing a simple assignment\n" +"# will throw a SyntaxError.\n" +"simple_stmt[stmt_ty] (memo):\n" +" | assignment\n" +" | &\"type\" type_alias\n" +" | e=star_expressions { _PyAST_Expr(e, EXTRA) }\n" +" | &'return' return_stmt\n" +" | &('import' | 'from') import_stmt\n" +" | &'raise' raise_stmt\n" +" | 'pass' { _PyAST_Pass(EXTRA) }\n" +" | &'del' del_stmt\n" +" | &'yield' yield_stmt\n" +" | &'assert' assert_stmt\n" +" | 'break' { _PyAST_Break(EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'continue' { _PyAST_Continue(EXTRA) }\n" +" | &'global' global_stmt\n" +" | &'nonlocal' nonlocal_stmt\n" +"\n" +"compound_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | &('def' | '@' | 'async') function_def\n" +" | &'if' if_stmt\n" +" | &('class' | '@') class_def\n" +" | &('with' | 'async') with_stmt\n" +" | &('for' | 'async') for_stmt\n" +" | &'try' try_stmt\n" +" | &'while' while_stmt\n" +" | match_stmt\n" +"\n" +"# SIMPLE STATEMENTS\n" +"# =================\n" +"\n" +"# NOTE: annotated_rhs may start with 'yield'; yield_expr must start with 'yield'\n" +"assignment[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME ':' b=expression c=['=' d=annotated_rhs { d }] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(\n" +" stmt_ty,\n" +" 6,\n" +" \"Variable annotation syntax is\",\n" +" _PyAST_AnnAssign(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), b, c, 1, EXTRA)\n" +" ) }\n" +" | a=('(' b=single_target ')' { b }\n" +" | single_subscript_attribute_target) ':' b=expression c=['=' d=annotated_rhs { d }] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 6, \"Variable annotations syntax is\", _PyAST_AnnAssign(a, b, c, 0, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(z=star_targets '=' { z })+ b=(yield_expr | star_expressions) !'=' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] {\n" +" _PyAST_Assign(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=single_target b=augassign ~ c=(yield_expr | star_expressions) {\n" +" _PyAST_AugAssign(a, b->kind, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_assignment\n" +"\n" +"annotated_rhs[expr_ty]: yield_expr | star_expressions\n" +"\n" +"augassign[AugOperator*]:\n" +" | '+=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Add) }\n" +" | '-=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Sub) }\n" +" | '*=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Mult) }\n" +" | '@=' { CHECK_VERSION(AugOperator*, 5, \"The '@' operator is\", _PyPegen_augoperator(p, MatMult)) }\n" +" | '/=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Div) }\n" +" | '%=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Mod) }\n" +" | '&=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitAnd) }\n" +" | '|=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitOr) }\n" +" | '^=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitXor) }\n" +" | '<<=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, LShift) }\n" +" | '>>=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, RShift) }\n" +" | '**=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Pow) }\n" +" | '//=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, FloorDiv) }\n" +"\n" +"return_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'return' a=[star_expressions] { _PyAST_Return(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"raise_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'raise' a=expression b=['from' z=expression { z }] { _PyAST_Raise(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'raise' { _PyAST_Raise(NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"global_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'global' a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.NAME+ {\n" +" _PyAST_Global(CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p, a)), EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"nonlocal_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'nonlocal' a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.NAME+ {\n" +" _PyAST_Nonlocal(CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p, a)), EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"del_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'del' a=del_targets &(';' | NEWLINE) { _PyAST_Delete(a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_del_stmt\n" +"\n" +"yield_stmt[stmt_ty]: y=yield_expr { _PyAST_Expr(y, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"assert_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'assert' a=expression b=[',' z=expression { z }] { _PyAST_Assert(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"import_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_import\n" +" | import_name\n" +" | import_from\n" +"\n" +"# Import statements\n" +"# -----------------\n" +"\n" +"import_name[stmt_ty]: 'import' a=dotted_as_names { _PyAST_Import(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"# note below: the ('.' | '...') is necessary because '...' is tokenized as ELLIPSIS\n" +"import_from[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | 'from' a=('.' | '...')* b=dotted_name 'import' c=import_from_targets {\n" +" _PyPegen_checked_future_import(p, b->v.Name.id, c, _PyPegen_seq_count_dots(a), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'from' a=('.' | '...')+ 'import' b=import_from_targets {\n" +" _PyAST_ImportFrom(NULL, b, _PyPegen_seq_count_dots(a), EXTRA) }\n" +"import_from_targets[asdl_alias_seq*]:\n" +" | '(' a=import_from_as_names [','] ')' { a }\n" +" | import_from_as_names !','\n" +" | '*' { (asdl_alias_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, CHECK(alias_ty, _PyPegen_alias_for_star(p, EXTRA))) }\n" +" | invalid_import_from_targets\n" +"import_from_as_names[asdl_alias_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_alias_seq*]=','.import_from_as_name+ { a }\n" +"import_from_as_name[alias_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME b=['as' z=NAME { z }] { _PyAST_alias(a->v.Name.id,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Name.id : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"dotted_as_names[asdl_alias_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_alias_seq*]=','.dotted_as_name+ { a }\n" +"dotted_as_name[alias_ty]:\n" +" | a=dotted_name b=['as' z=NAME { z }] { _PyAST_alias(a->v.Name.id,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Name.id : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"dotted_name[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=dotted_name '.' b=NAME { _PyPegen_join_names_with_dot(p, a, b) }\n" +" | NAME\n" +"\n" +"# COMPOUND STATEMENTS\n" +"# ===================\n" +"\n" +"# Common elements\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"block[asdl_stmt_seq*] (memo):\n" +" | NEWLINE INDENT a=statements DEDENT { a }\n" +" | simple_stmts\n" +" | invalid_block\n" +"\n" +"decorators[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=('@' f=named_expression NEWLINE { f })+ { a }\n" +"\n" +"# Class definitions\n" +"# -----------------\n" +"\n" +"class_def[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | a=decorators b=class_def_raw { _PyPegen_class_def_decorators(p, a, b) }\n" +" | class_def_raw\n" +"\n" +"class_def_raw[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_class_def_raw\n" +" | 'class' a=NAME t=[type_params] b=['(' z=[arguments] ')' { z }] ':' c=block {\n" +" _PyAST_ClassDef(a->v.Name.id,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,\n" +" c, NULL, t, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# Function definitions\n" +"# --------------------\n" +"\n" +"function_def[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | d=decorators f=function_def_raw { _PyPegen_function_def_decorators(p, d, f) }\n" +" | function_def_raw\n" +"\n" +"function_def_raw[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_def_raw\n" +" | 'def' n=NAME t=[type_params] '(' params=[params] ')' a=['->' z=expression { z }] ':' tc=[func_type_comment] b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_FunctionDef(n->v.Name.id,\n" +" (params) ? params : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)),\n" +" b, NULL, a, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), t, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'async' 'def' n=NAME t=[type_params] '(' params=[params] ')' a=['->' z=expression { z }] ':' tc=[func_type_comment] b=block {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(\n" +" stmt_ty,\n" +" 5,\n" +" \"Async functions are\",\n" +" _PyAST_AsyncFunctionDef(n->v.Name.id,\n" +" (params) ? params : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)),\n" +" b, NULL, a, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), t, EXTRA)\n" +" ) }\n" +"\n" +"# Function parameters\n" +"# -------------------\n" +"\n" +"params[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_parameters\n" +" | parameters\n" +"\n" +"parameters[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | a=slash_no_default b[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default* c=param_with_default* d=[star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, a, NULL, b, c, d)) }\n" +" | a=slash_with_default b=param_with_default* c=[star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, a, NULL, b, c)) }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ b=param_with_default* c=[star_etc] {\n" +" _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, a, b, c) }\n" +" | a=param_with_default+ b=[star_etc] { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, a, b)}\n" +" | a=star_etc { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"# Some duplication here because we can't write (',' | &')'),\n" +"# which is because we don't support empty alternatives (yet).\n" +"\n" +"slash_no_default[asdl_arg_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ '/' ',' { a }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ '/' &')' { a }\n" +"slash_with_default[SlashWithDefault*]:\n" +" | a=param_no_default* b=param_with_default+ '/' ',' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +" | a=param_no_default* b=param_with_default+ '/' &')' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +"\n" +"star_etc[StarEtc*]:\n" +" | invalid_star_etc\n" +" | '*' a=param_no_default b=param_maybe_default* c=[kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }\n" +" | '*' a=param_no_default_star_annotation b=param_maybe_default* c=[kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }\n" +" | '*' ',' b=param_maybe_default+ c=[kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, b, c) }\n" +" | a=kwds { _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"kwds[arg_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_kwds\n" +" | '**' a=param_no_default { a }\n" +"\n" +"# One parameter. This *includes* a following comma and type comment.\n" +"#\n" +"# There are three styles:\n" +"# - No default\n" +"# - With default\n" +"# - Maybe with default\n" +"#\n" +"# There are two alternative forms of each, to deal with type comments:\n" +"# - Ends in a comma followed by an optional type comment\n" +"# - No comma, optional type comment, must be followed by close paren\n" +"# The latter form is for a final parameter without trailing comma.\n" +"#\n" +"\n" +"param_no_default[arg_ty]:\n" +" | a=param ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +" | a=param tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +"param_no_default_star_annotation[arg_ty]:\n" +" | a=param_star_annotation ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +" | a=param_star_annotation tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }\n" +"param_with_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=param c=default ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +" | a=param c=default tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +"param_maybe_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=param c=default? ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +" | a=param c=default? tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }\n" +"param[arg_ty]: a=NAME b=annotation? { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, b, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"param_star_annotation[arg_ty]: a=NAME b=star_annotation { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, b, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"annotation[expr_ty]: ':' a=expression { a }\n" +"star_annotation[expr_ty]: ':' a=star_expression { a }\n" +"default[expr_ty]: '=' a=expression { a } | invalid_default\n" +"\n" +"# If statement\n" +"# ------------\n" +"\n" +"if_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_if_stmt\n" +" | 'if' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=elif_stmt {\n" +" _PyAST_If(a, b, CHECK(asdl_stmt_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, c)), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'if' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_If(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +"elif_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_elif_stmt\n" +" | 'elif' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=elif_stmt {\n" +" _PyAST_If(a, b, CHECK(asdl_stmt_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, c)), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'elif' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_If(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +"else_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | invalid_else_stmt\n" +" | 'else' &&':' b=block { b }\n" +"\n" +"# While statement\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"while_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_while_stmt\n" +" | 'while' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_While(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# For statement\n" +"# -------------\n" +"\n" +"for_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_for_stmt\n" +" | 'for' t=star_targets 'in' ~ ex=star_expressions ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block el=[else_block] {\n" +" _PyAST_For(t, ex, b, el, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'async' 'for' t=star_targets 'in' ~ ex=star_expressions ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block el=[else_block] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, \"Async for loops are\", _PyAST_AsyncFor(t, ex, b, el, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_for_target\n" +"\n" +"# With statement\n" +"# --------------\n" +"\n" +"with_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_with_stmt_indent\n" +" | 'with' '(' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ','? ')' ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_With(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'with' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_With(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'async' 'with' '(' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ','? ')' ':' b=block {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, \"Async with statements are\", _PyAST_AsyncWith(a, b, NULL, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | 'async' 'with' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, \"Async with statements are\", _PyAST_AsyncWith(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_with_stmt\n" +"\n" +"with_item[withitem_ty]:\n" +" | e=expression 'as' t=star_target &(',' | ')' | ':') { _PyAST_withitem(e, t, p->arena) }\n" +" | invalid_with_item\n" +" | e=expression { _PyAST_withitem(e, NULL, p->arena) }\n" +"\n" +"# Try statement\n" +"# -------------\n" +"\n" +"try_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_try_stmt\n" +" | 'try' &&':' b=block f=finally_block { _PyAST_Try(b, NULL, NULL, f, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] { _PyAST_Try(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_star_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 11, \"Exception groups are\",\n" +" _PyAST_TryStar(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA)) }\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# Except statement\n" +"# ----------------\n" +"\n" +"except_block[excepthandler_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_except_stmt_indent\n" +" | 'except' e=expression t=['as' z=NAME { z }] ':' b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, (t) ? ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id : NULL, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'except' ':' b=block { _PyAST_ExceptHandler(NULL, NULL, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_except_stmt\n" +"except_star_block[excepthandler_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_except_star_stmt_indent\n" +" | 'except' '*' e=expression t=['as' z=NAME { z }] ':' b=block {\n" +" _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, (t) ? ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id : NULL, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_except_stmt\n" +"finally_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:\n" +" | invalid_finally_stmt\n" +" | 'finally' &&':' a=block { a }\n" +"\n" +"# Match statement\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"match_stmt[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | \"match\" subject=subject_expr ':' NEWLINE INDENT cases[asdl_match_case_seq*]=case_block+ DEDENT {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 10, \"Pattern matching is\", _PyAST_Match(subject, cases, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_match_stmt\n" +"\n" +"subject_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | value=star_named_expression ',' values=star_named_expressions? {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, value, values)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | named_expression\n" +"\n" +"case_block[match_case_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_case_block\n" +" | \"case\" pattern=patterns guard=guard? ':' body=block {\n" +" _PyAST_match_case(pattern, guard, body, p->arena) }\n" +"\n" +"guard[expr_ty]: 'if' guard=named_expression { guard }\n" +"\n" +"patterns[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]=open_sequence_pattern {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +" | pattern\n" +"\n" +"pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | as_pattern\n" +" | or_pattern\n" +"\n" +"as_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | pattern=or_pattern 'as' target=pattern_capture_target {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchAs(pattern, target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_as_pattern\n" +"\n" +"or_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]='|'.closed_pattern+ {\n" +" asdl_seq_LEN(patterns) == 1 ? asdl_seq_GET(patterns, 0) : _PyAST_MatchOr(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"closed_pattern[pattern_ty] (memo):\n" +" | literal_pattern\n" +" | capture_pattern\n" +" | wildcard_pattern\n" +" | value_pattern\n" +" | group_pattern\n" +" | sequence_pattern\n" +" | mapping_pattern\n" +" | class_pattern\n" +"\n" +"# Literal patterns are used for equality and identity constraints\n" +"literal_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | value=signed_number !('+' | '-') { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }\n" +" | value=complex_number { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }\n" +" | value=strings { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'None' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_None, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'True' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_True, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'False' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_False, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# Literal expressions are used to restrict permitted mapping pattern keys\n" +"literal_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | signed_number !('+' | '-')\n" +" | complex_number\n" +" | strings\n" +" | 'None' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_None, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'True' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_True, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'False' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_False, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"complex_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | real=signed_real_number '+' imag=imaginary_number {\n" +" _PyAST_BinOp(real, Add, imag, EXTRA) }\n" +" | real=signed_real_number '-' imag=imaginary_number {\n" +" _PyAST_BinOp(real, Sub, imag, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"signed_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | NUMBER\n" +" | '-' number=NUMBER { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, number, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"signed_real_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | real_number\n" +" | '-' real=real_number { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, real, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"real_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | real=NUMBER { _PyPegen_ensure_real(p, real) }\n" +"\n" +"imaginary_number[expr_ty]:\n" +" | imag=NUMBER { _PyPegen_ensure_imaginary(p, imag) }\n" +"\n" +"capture_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | target=pattern_capture_target { _PyAST_MatchAs(NULL, target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"pattern_capture_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | !\"_\" name=NAME !('.' | '(' | '=') {\n" +" _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, name, Store) }\n" +"\n" +"wildcard_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | \"_\" { _PyAST_MatchAs(NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"value_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | attr=attr !('.' | '(' | '=') { _PyAST_MatchValue(attr, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"attr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | value=name_or_attr '.' attr=NAME {\n" +" _PyAST_Attribute(value, attr->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"name_or_attr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | attr\n" +" | NAME\n" +"\n" +"group_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | '(' pattern=pattern ')' { pattern }\n" +"\n" +"sequence_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | '[' patterns=maybe_sequence_pattern? ']' { _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '(' patterns=open_sequence_pattern? ')' { _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"open_sequence_pattern[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | pattern=maybe_star_pattern ',' patterns=maybe_sequence_pattern? {\n" +" _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, pattern, patterns) }\n" +"\n" +"maybe_sequence_pattern[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | patterns=','.maybe_star_pattern+ ','? { patterns }\n" +"\n" +"maybe_star_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | star_pattern\n" +" | pattern\n" +"\n" +"star_pattern[pattern_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '*' target=pattern_capture_target {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchStar(target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '*' wildcard_pattern {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchStar(NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"mapping_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | '{' '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(NULL, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' rest=double_star_pattern ','? '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(NULL, NULL, rest->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' items=items_pattern ',' rest=double_star_pattern ','? '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, items)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, items)),\n" +" rest->v.Name.id,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' items=items_pattern ','? '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchMapping(\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, items)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, items)),\n" +" NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"items_pattern[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | ','.key_value_pattern+\n" +"\n" +"key_value_pattern[KeyPatternPair*]:\n" +" | key=(literal_expr | attr) ':' pattern=pattern {\n" +" _PyPegen_key_pattern_pair(p, key, pattern) }\n" +"\n" +"double_star_pattern[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '**' target=pattern_capture_target { target }\n" +"\n" +"class_pattern[pattern_ty]:\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(cls, NULL, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' patterns=positional_patterns ','? ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(cls, patterns, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' keywords=keyword_patterns ','? ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(\n" +" cls, NULL,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, keywords)))),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, keywords)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | cls=name_or_attr '(' patterns=positional_patterns ',' keywords=keyword_patterns ','? ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_MatchClass(\n" +" cls,\n" +" patterns,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, keywords)))),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, keywords)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_class_pattern\n" +"\n" +"positional_patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]:\n" +" | args[asdl_pattern_seq*]=','.pattern+ { args }\n" +"\n" +"keyword_patterns[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | ','.keyword_pattern+\n" +"\n" +"keyword_pattern[KeyPatternPair*]:\n" +" | arg=NAME '=' value=pattern { _PyPegen_key_pattern_pair(p, arg, value) }\n" +"\n" +"# Type statement\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"type_alias[stmt_ty]:\n" +" | \"type\" n=NAME t=[type_params] '=' b=expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 12, \"Type statement is\",\n" +" _PyAST_TypeAlias(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, n, Store)), t, b, EXTRA)) }\n" +"\n" +"# Type parameter declaration\n" +"# --------------------------\n" +"\n" +"type_params[asdl_type_param_seq*]: \n" +" | invalid_type_params\n" +" | '[' t=type_param_seq ']' {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(asdl_type_param_seq *, 12, \"Type parameter lists are\", t) }\n" +"\n" +"type_param_seq[asdl_type_param_seq*]: a[asdl_type_param_seq*]=','.type_param+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"type_param[type_param_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=NAME b=[type_param_bound] c=[type_param_default] { _PyAST_TypeVar(a->v.Name.id, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '*' a=NAME colon=':' e=expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(colon, e->kind == Tuple_kind\n" +" ? \"cannot use constraints with TypeVarTuple\"\n" +" : \"cannot use bound with TypeVarTuple\")\n" +" }\n" +" | '*' a=NAME b=[type_param_starred_default] { _PyAST_TypeVarTuple(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '**' a=NAME colon=':' e=expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(colon, e->kind == Tuple_kind\n" +" ? \"cannot use constraints with ParamSpec\"\n" +" : \"cannot use bound with ParamSpec\")\n" +" }\n" +" | '**' a=NAME b=[type_param_default] { _PyAST_ParamSpec(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"type_param_bound[expr_ty]: ':' e=expression { e }\n" +"type_param_default[expr_ty]: '=' e=expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 13, \"Type parameter defaults are\", e) }\n" +"type_param_starred_default[expr_ty]: '=' e=star_expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 13, \"Type parameter defaults are\", e) }\n" +"\n" +"# EXPRESSIONS\n" +"# -----------\n" +"\n" +"expressions[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=expression b=(',' c=expression { c })+ [','] {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=expression ',' { _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | expression\n" +"\n" +"expression[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | invalid_expression\n" +" | invalid_legacy_expression\n" +" | a=disjunction 'if' b=disjunction 'else' c=expression { _PyAST_IfExp(b, a, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | disjunction\n" +" | lambdef\n" +"\n" +"yield_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | 'yield' 'from' a=expression { _PyAST_YieldFrom(a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'yield' a=[star_expressions] { _PyAST_Yield(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"star_expressions[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=star_expression b=(',' c=star_expression { c })+ [','] {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=star_expression ',' { _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)), Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | star_expression\n" +"\n" +"star_expression[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '*' a=bitwise_or { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | expression\n" +"\n" +"star_named_expressions[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.star_named_expression+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"star_named_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '*' a=bitwise_or { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | named_expression\n" +"\n" +"assignment_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME ':=' ~ b=expression {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 8, \"Assignment expressions are\",\n" +" _PyAST_NamedExpr(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), b, EXTRA)) }\n" +"\n" +"named_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | assignment_expression\n" +" | invalid_named_expression\n" +" | expression !':='\n" +"\n" +"disjunction[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=conjunction b=('or' c=conjunction { c })+ { _PyAST_BoolOp(\n" +" Or,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | conjunction\n" +"\n" +"conjunction[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=inversion b=('and' c=inversion { c })+ { _PyAST_BoolOp(\n" +" And,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | inversion\n" +"\n" +"inversion[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | 'not' a=inversion { _PyAST_UnaryOp(Not, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | comparison\n" +"\n" +"# Comparison operators\n" +"# --------------------\n" +"\n" +"comparison[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_or b=compare_op_bitwise_or_pair+ {\n" +" _PyAST_Compare(\n" +" a,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_int_seq*, _PyPegen_get_cmpops(p, b)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_exprs(p, b)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | bitwise_or\n" +"\n" +"compare_op_bitwise_or_pair[CmpopExprPair*]:\n" +" | eq_bitwise_or\n" +" | noteq_bitwise_or\n" +" | lte_bitwise_or\n" +" | lt_bitwise_or\n" +" | gte_bitwise_or\n" +" | gt_bitwise_or\n" +" | notin_bitwise_or\n" +" | in_bitwise_or\n" +" | isnot_bitwise_or\n" +" | is_bitwise_or\n" +"\n" +"eq_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '==' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Eq, a) }\n" +"noteq_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]:\n" +" | (tok='!=' { _PyPegen_check_barry_as_flufl(p, tok) ? NULL : tok}) a=bitwise_or {_PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, NotEq, a) }\n" +"lte_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '<=' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, LtE, a) }\n" +"lt_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '<' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Lt, a) }\n" +"gte_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '>=' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, GtE, a) }\n" +"gt_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '>' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Gt, a) }\n" +"notin_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'not' 'in' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, NotIn, a) }\n" +"in_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'in' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, In, a) }\n" +"isnot_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'is' 'not' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, IsNot, a) }\n" +"is_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'is' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Is, a) }\n" +"\n" +"# Bitwise operators\n" +"# -----------------\n" +"\n" +"bitwise_or[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_or '|' b=bitwise_xor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitOr, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | bitwise_xor\n" +"\n" +"bitwise_xor[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_xor '^' b=bitwise_and { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitXor, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | bitwise_and\n" +"\n" +"bitwise_and[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=bitwise_and '&' b=shift_expr { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitAnd, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | shift_expr\n" +"\n" +"shift_expr[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=shift_expr '<<' b=sum { _PyAST_BinOp(a, LShift, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=shift_expr '>>' b=sum { _PyAST_BinOp(a, RShift, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_arithmetic\n" +" | sum\n" +"\n" +"# Arithmetic operators\n" +"# --------------------\n" +"\n" +"sum[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=sum '+' b=term { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Add, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=sum '-' b=term { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Sub, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | term\n" +"\n" +"term[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=term '*' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Mult, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '/' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Div, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '//' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, FloorDiv, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '%' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Mod, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=term '@' b=factor { CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 5, \"The '@' operator is\", _PyAST_BinOp(a, MatMult, b, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | invalid_factor\n" +" | factor\n" +"\n" +"factor[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '+' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(UAdd, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '-' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '~' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(Invert, a, EXTRA) }\n" +" | power\n" +"\n" +"power[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=await_primary '**' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Pow, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | await_primary\n" +"\n" +"# Primary elements\n" +"# ----------------\n" +"\n" +"# Primary elements are things like \"obj.something.something\", \"obj[something]\", \"obj(something)\", \"obj\" ...\n" +"\n" +"await_primary[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | 'await' a=primary { CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 5, \"Await expressions are\", _PyAST_Await(a, EXTRA)) }\n" +" | primary\n" +"\n" +"primary[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=primary '.' b=NAME { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=primary b=genexp { _PyAST_Call(a, CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, b)), NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=primary '(' b=[arguments] ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_Call(a,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=primary '[' b=slices ']' { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | atom\n" +"\n" +"slices[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=slice !',' { a }\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.(slice | starred_expression)+ [','] { _PyAST_Tuple(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"slice[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=[expression] ':' b=[expression] c=[':' d=[expression] { d }] { _PyAST_Slice(a, b, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=named_expression { a }\n" +"\n" +"atom[expr_ty]:\n" +" | NAME\n" +" | 'True' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_True, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'False' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_False, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | 'None' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_None, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | &(STRING|FSTRING_START) strings\n" +" | NUMBER\n" +" | &'(' (tuple | group | genexp)\n" +" | &'[' (list | listcomp)\n" +" | &'{' (dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp)\n" +" | '...' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_Ellipsis, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"group[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '(' a=(yield_expr | named_expression) ')' { a }\n" +" | invalid_group\n" +"\n" +"# Lambda functions\n" +"# ----------------\n" +"\n" +"lambdef[expr_ty]:\n" +" | 'lambda' a=[lambda_params] ':' b=expression {\n" +" _PyAST_Lambda((a) ? a : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)), b, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_params[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_lambda_parameters\n" +" | lambda_parameters\n" +"\n" +"# lambda_parameters etc. duplicates parameters but without annotations\n" +"# or type comments, and if there's no comma after a parameter, we expect\n" +"# a colon, not a close parenthesis. (For more, see parameters above.)\n" +"#\n" +"lambda_parameters[arguments_ty]:\n" +" | a=lambda_slash_no_default b[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default* c=lambda_param_with_default* d=[lambda_star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, a, NULL, b, c, d)) }\n" +" | a=lambda_slash_with_default b=lambda_param_with_default* c=[lambda_star_etc] {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, \"Positional-only parameters are\", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, a, NULL, b, c)) }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ b=lambda_param_with_default* c=[lambda_star_etc] {\n" +" _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, a, b, c) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param_with_default+ b=[lambda_star_etc] { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, a, b)}\n" +" | a=lambda_star_etc { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_slash_no_default[asdl_arg_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ '/' ',' { a }\n" +" | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ '/' &':' { a }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_slash_with_default[SlashWithDefault*]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param_no_default* b=lambda_param_with_default+ '/' ',' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param_no_default* b=lambda_param_with_default+ '/' &':' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_star_etc[StarEtc*]:\n" +" | invalid_lambda_star_etc\n" +" | '*' a=lambda_param_no_default b=lambda_param_maybe_default* c=[lambda_kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }\n" +" | '*' ',' b=lambda_param_maybe_default+ c=[lambda_kwds] {\n" +" _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, b, c) }\n" +" | a=lambda_kwds { _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, NULL, a) }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_kwds[arg_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_lambda_kwds\n" +" | '**' a=lambda_param_no_default { a }\n" +"\n" +"lambda_param_no_default[arg_ty]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param ',' { a }\n" +" | a=lambda_param &':' { a }\n" +"lambda_param_with_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default ',' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default &':' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +"lambda_param_maybe_default[NameDefaultPair*]:\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default? ',' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +" | a=lambda_param c=default? &':' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }\n" +"lambda_param[arg_ty]: a=NAME { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# LITERALS\n" +"# ========\n" +"\n" +"fstring_middle[expr_ty]:\n" +" | fstring_replacement_field\n" +" | t=FSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_constant_from_token(p, t) }\n" +"fstring_replacement_field[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=annotated_rhs debug_expr='='? conversion=[fstring_conversion] format=[fstring_full_format_spec] rbrace='}' {\n" +" _PyPegen_formatted_value(p, a, debug_expr, conversion, format, rbrace, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_replacement_field\n" +"fstring_conversion[ResultTokenWithMetadata*]:\n" +" | conv_token=\"!\" conv=NAME { _PyPegen_check_fstring_conversion(p, conv_token, conv) }\n" +"fstring_full_format_spec[ResultTokenWithMetadata*]:\n" +" | colon=':' spec=fstring_format_spec* { _PyPegen_setup_full_format_spec(p, colon, (asdl_expr_seq *) spec, EXTRA) }\n" +"fstring_format_spec[expr_ty]:\n" +" | t=FSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_decoded_constant_from_token(p, t) }\n" +" | fstring_replacement_field\n" +"fstring[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=FSTRING_START b=fstring_middle* c=FSTRING_END { _PyPegen_joined_str(p, a, (asdl_expr_seq*)b, c) }\n" +"\n" +"string[expr_ty]: s[Token*]=STRING { _PyPegen_constant_from_string(p, s) }\n" +"strings[expr_ty] (memo): a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(fstring|string)+ { _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(p, a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"list[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '[' a=[star_named_expressions] ']' { _PyAST_List(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"tuple[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '(' a=[y=star_named_expression ',' z=[star_named_expressions] { _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, y, z) } ] ')' {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"set[expr_ty]: '{' a=star_named_expressions '}' { _PyAST_Set(a, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# Dicts\n" +"# -----\n" +"\n" +"dict[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=[double_starred_kvpairs] '}' {\n" +" _PyAST_Dict(\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_keys(p, a)),\n" +" CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_values(p, a)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | '{' invalid_double_starred_kvpairs '}'\n" +"\n" +"double_starred_kvpairs[asdl_seq*]: a=','.double_starred_kvpair+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"double_starred_kvpair[KeyValuePair*]:\n" +" | '**' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_key_value_pair(p, NULL, a) }\n" +" | kvpair\n" +"\n" +"kvpair[KeyValuePair*]: a=expression ':' b=expression { _PyPegen_key_value_pair(p, a, b) }\n" +"\n" +"# Comprehensions & Generators\n" +"# ---------------------------\n" +"\n" +"for_if_clauses[asdl_comprehension_seq*]:\n" +" | a[asdl_comprehension_seq*]=for_if_clause+ { a }\n" +"\n" +"for_if_clause[comprehension_ty]:\n" +" | 'async' 'for' a=star_targets 'in' ~ b=disjunction c[asdl_expr_seq*]=('if' z=disjunction { z })* {\n" +" CHECK_VERSION(comprehension_ty, 6, \"Async comprehensions are\", _PyAST_comprehension(a, b, c, 1, p->arena)) }\n" +" | 'for' a=star_targets 'in' ~ b=disjunction c[asdl_expr_seq*]=('if' z=disjunction { z })* {\n" +" _PyAST_comprehension(a, b, c, 0, p->arena) }\n" +" | 'async'? 'for' (bitwise_or (',' bitwise_or)* [',']) !'in' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"'in' expected after for-loop variables\") }\n" +" | invalid_for_target\n" +"\n" +"listcomp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '[' a=named_expression b=for_if_clauses ']' { _PyAST_ListComp(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"setcomp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=named_expression b=for_if_clauses '}' { _PyAST_SetComp(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"genexp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '(' a=( assignment_expression | expression !':=') b=for_if_clauses ')' { _PyAST_GeneratorExp(a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"dictcomp[expr_ty]:\n" +" | '{' a=kvpair b=for_if_clauses '}' { _PyAST_DictComp(a->key, a->value, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | invalid_dict_comprehension\n" +"\n" +"# FUNCTION CALL ARGUMENTS\n" +"# =======================\n" +"\n" +"arguments[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=args [','] &')' { a }\n" +" | invalid_arguments\n" +"\n" +"args[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.(starred_expression | ( assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ b=[',' k=kwargs {k}] {\n" +" _PyPegen_collect_call_seqs(p, a, b, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=kwargs { _PyAST_Call(_PyPegen_dummy_name(p),\n" +" CHECK_NULL_ALLOWED(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_extract_starred_exprs(p, a)),\n" +" CHECK_NULL_ALLOWED(asdl_keyword_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_delete_starred_exprs(p, a)),\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"kwargs[asdl_seq*]:\n" +" | a=','.kwarg_or_starred+ ',' b=','.kwarg_or_double_starred+ { _PyPegen_join_sequences(p, a, b) }\n" +" | ','.kwarg_or_starred+\n" +" | ','.kwarg_or_double_starred+\n" +"\n" +"starred_expression[expr_ty]:\n" +" | invalid_starred_expression\n" +" | '*' a=expression { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '*' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"Invalid star expression\") }\n" +"\n" +"kwarg_or_starred[KeywordOrStarred*]:\n" +" | invalid_kwarg\n" +" | a=NAME '=' b=expression {\n" +" _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, CHECK(keyword_ty, _PyAST_keyword(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA)), 1) }\n" +" | a=starred_expression { _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, a, 0) }\n" +"\n" +"kwarg_or_double_starred[KeywordOrStarred*]:\n" +" | invalid_kwarg\n" +" | a=NAME '=' b=expression {\n" +" _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, CHECK(keyword_ty, _PyAST_keyword(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA)), 1) }\n" +" | '**' a=expression { _PyPegen_keyword_or_starred(p, CHECK(keyword_ty, _PyAST_keyword(NULL, a, EXTRA)), 1) }\n" +"\n" +"# ASSIGNMENT TARGETS\n" +"# ==================\n" +"\n" +"# Generic targets\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"# NOTE: star_targets may contain *bitwise_or, targets may not.\n" +"star_targets[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=star_target !',' { a }\n" +" | a=star_target b=(',' c=star_target { c })* [','] {\n" +" _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Store, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"star_targets_list_seq[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.star_target+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"star_targets_tuple_seq[asdl_expr_seq*]:\n" +" | a=star_target b=(',' c=star_target { c })+ [','] { (asdl_expr_seq*) _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b) }\n" +" | a=star_target ',' { (asdl_expr_seq*) _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +"\n" +"star_target[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | '*' a=(!'*' star_target) {\n" +" _PyAST_Starred(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | target_with_star_atom\n" +"\n" +"target_with_star_atom[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | star_atom\n" +"\n" +"star_atom[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store) }\n" +" | '(' a=target_with_star_atom ')' { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store) }\n" +" | '(' a=[star_targets_tuple_seq] ')' { _PyAST_Tuple(a, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '[' a=[star_targets_list_seq] ']' { _PyAST_List(a, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"single_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | single_subscript_attribute_target\n" +" | a=NAME { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store) }\n" +" | '(' a=single_target ')' { a }\n" +"\n" +"single_subscript_attribute_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Store, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"t_primary[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME &t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' &t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Load, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary b=genexp &t_lookahead {\n" +" _PyAST_Call(a, CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, b)), NULL, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '(' b=[arguments] ')' &t_lookahead {\n" +" _PyAST_Call(a,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,\n" +" (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,\n" +" EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=atom &t_lookahead { a }\n" +"\n" +"t_lookahead: '(' | '[' | '.'\n" +"\n" +"# Targets for del statements\n" +"# --------------------------\n" +"\n" +"del_targets[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.del_target+ [','] { a }\n" +"\n" +"del_target[expr_ty] (memo):\n" +" | a=t_primary '.' b=NAME !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +" | a=t_primary '[' b=slices ']' !t_lookahead { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +" | del_t_atom\n" +"\n" +"del_t_atom[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=NAME { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Del) }\n" +" | '(' a=del_target ')' { _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Del) }\n" +" | '(' a=[del_targets] ')' { _PyAST_Tuple(a, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +" | '[' a=[del_targets] ']' { _PyAST_List(a, Del, EXTRA) }\n" +"\n" +"# TYPING ELEMENTS\n" +"# ---------------\n" +"\n" +"# type_expressions allow */** but ignore them\n" +"type_expressions[asdl_expr_seq*]:\n" +" | a=','.expression+ ',' '*' b=expression ',' '**' c=expression {\n" +" (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(\n" +" p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(p, a, b)),\n" +" c) }\n" +" | a=','.expression+ ',' '*' b=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(p, a, b) }\n" +" | a=','.expression+ ',' '**' b=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(p, a, b) }\n" +" | '*' a=expression ',' '**' b=expression {\n" +" (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_append_to_end(\n" +" p,\n" +" CHECK(asdl_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)),\n" +" b) }\n" +" | '*' a=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | '**' a=expression { (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.expression+ {a}\n" +"\n" +"func_type_comment[Token*]:\n" +" | NEWLINE t=TYPE_COMMENT &(NEWLINE INDENT) { t } # Must be followed by indented block\n" +" | invalid_double_type_comments\n" +" | TYPE_COMMENT\n" +"\n" +"# ========================= END OF THE GRAMMAR ===========================\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"# ========================= START OF INVALID RULES =======================\n" +"\n" +"# From here on, there are rules for invalid syntax with specialised error messages\n" +"invalid_arguments:\n" +" | ((','.(starred_expression | ( assignment_expression | expression !':=') !'=')+ ',' kwargs) | kwargs) a=',' ','.(starred_expression !'=')+ {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"iterable argument unpacking follows keyword argument unpacking\") }\n" +" | a=expression b=for_if_clauses ',' [args | expression for_if_clauses] {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, _PyPegen_get_last_comprehension_item(PyPegen_last_item(b, comprehension_ty)), \"Generator expression must be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | a=NAME b='=' expression for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?\")}\n" +" | (args ',')? a=NAME b='=' &(',' | ')') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"expected argument value expression\")}\n" +" | a=args b=for_if_clauses { _PyPegen_nonparen_genexp_in_call(p, a, b) }\n" +" | args ',' a=expression b=for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, _PyPegen_get_last_comprehension_item(PyPegen_last_item(b, comprehension_ty)), \"Generator expression must be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | a=args ',' args { _PyPegen_arguments_parsing_error(p, a) }\n" +"invalid_kwarg:\n" +" | a[Token*]=('True'|'False'|'None') b='=' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot assign to %s\", PyBytes_AS_STRING(a->bytes)) }\n" +" | a=NAME b='=' expression for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?\")}\n" +" | !(NAME '=') a=expression b='=' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(\n" +" a, b, \"expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant \\\"==\\\"?\") }\n" +" | a='**' expression '=' b=expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking\") }\n" +"\n" +"# IMPORTANT: Note that the \"_without_invalid\" suffix causes the rule to not call invalid rules under it\n" +"expression_without_invalid[expr_ty]:\n" +" | a=disjunction 'if' b=disjunction 'else' c=expression { _PyAST_IfExp(b, a, c, EXTRA) }\n" +" | disjunction\n" +" | lambdef\n" +"invalid_legacy_expression:\n" +" | a=NAME !'(' b=star_expressions {\n" +" _PyPegen_check_legacy_stmt(p, a) ? RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b,\n" +" \"Missing parentheses in call to '%U'. Did you mean %U(...)?\", a->v.Name.id, a->v.Name.id) : NULL}\n" +"\n" +"invalid_expression:\n" +" # !(NAME STRING) is not matched so we don't show this error with some invalid string prefixes like: kf\"dsfsdf\"\n" +" # Soft keywords need to also be ignored because they can be parsed as NAME NAME\n" +" | !(NAME STRING | SOFT_KEYWORD) a=disjunction b=expression_without_invalid {\n" +" _PyPegen_check_legacy_stmt(p, a) ? NULL : p->tokens[p->mark-1]->level == 0 ? NULL :\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?\") }\n" +" | a=disjunction 'if' b=disjunction !('else'|':') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"expected 'else' after 'if' expression\") }\n" +" | a='lambda' [lambda_params] b=':' &FSTRING_MIDDLE {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"f-string: lambda expressions are not allowed without parentheses\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_named_expression(memo):\n" +" | a=expression ':=' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(\n" +" a, \"cannot use assignment expressions with %s\", _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)) }\n" +" | a=NAME '=' b=bitwise_or !('='|':=') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='?\") }\n" +" | !(list|tuple|genexp|'True'|'None'|'False') a=bitwise_or b='=' bitwise_or !('='|':=') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot assign to %s here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?\",\n" +" _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_assignment:\n" +" | a=invalid_ann_assign_target ':' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(\n" +" a,\n" +" \"only single target (not %s) can be annotated\",\n" +" _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)\n" +" )}\n" +" | a=star_named_expression ',' star_named_expressions* ':' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"only single target (not tuple) can be annotated\") }\n" +" | a=expression ':' expression {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"illegal target for annotation\") }\n" +" | (star_targets '=')* a=star_expressions '=' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(STAR_TARGETS, a) }\n" +" | (star_targets '=')* a=yield_expr '=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"assignment to yield expression not possible\") }\n" +" | a=star_expressions augassign annotated_rhs {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(\n" +" a,\n" +" \"'%s' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment\",\n" +" _PyPegen_get_expr_name(a)\n" +" )}\n" +"invalid_ann_assign_target[expr_ty]:\n" +" | list\n" +" | tuple\n" +" | '(' a=invalid_ann_assign_target ')' { a }\n" +"invalid_del_stmt:\n" +" | 'del' a=star_expressions {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(DEL_TARGETS, a) }\n" +"invalid_block:\n" +" | NEWLINE !INDENT { RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block\") }\n" +"invalid_comprehension:\n" +" | ('[' | '(' | '{') a=starred_expression for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"iterable unpacking cannot be used in comprehension\") }\n" +" | ('[' | '{') a=star_named_expression ',' b=star_named_expressions for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, PyPegen_last_item(b, expr_ty),\n" +" \"did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\") }\n" +" | ('[' | '{') a=star_named_expression b=',' for_if_clauses {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\") }\n" +"invalid_dict_comprehension:\n" +" | '{' a='**' bitwise_or for_if_clauses '}' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"dict unpacking cannot be used in dict comprehension\") }\n" +"invalid_parameters:\n" +" | a=\"/\" ',' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"at least one argument must precede /\") }\n" +" | (slash_no_default | slash_with_default) param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ may appear only once\") }\n" +" | slash_no_default? param_no_default* invalid_parameters_helper a=param_no_default {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"parameter without a default follows parameter with a default\") }\n" +" | param_no_default* a='(' param_no_default+ ','? b=')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"Function parameters cannot be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | (slash_no_default | slash_with_default)? param_maybe_default* '*' (',' | param_no_default) param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ must be ahead of *\") }\n" +" | param_maybe_default+ '/' a='*' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expected comma between / and *\") }\n" +"invalid_default:\n" +" | a='=' &(')'|',') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expected default value expression\") }\n" +"invalid_star_etc:\n" +" | a='*' (')' | ',' (')' | '**')) { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"named arguments must follow bare *\") }\n" +" | '*' ',' TYPE_COMMENT { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"bare * has associated type comment\") }\n" +" | '*' param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-positional argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '*' (param_no_default | ',') param_maybe_default* a='*' (param_no_default | ',') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"* argument may appear only once\") }\n" +"invalid_kwds:\n" +" | '**' param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-keyword argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '**' param ',' a=param { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +" | '**' param ',' a[Token*]=('*'|'**'|'/') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +"invalid_parameters_helper: # This is only there to avoid type errors\n" +" | a=slash_with_default { _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | param_with_default+\n" +"invalid_lambda_parameters:\n" +" | a=\"/\" ',' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"at least one argument must precede /\") }\n" +" | (lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default) lambda_param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ may appear only once\") }\n" +" | lambda_slash_no_default? lambda_param_no_default* invalid_lambda_parameters_helper a=lambda_param_no_default {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"parameter without a default follows parameter with a default\") }\n" +" | lambda_param_no_default* a='(' ','.lambda_param+ ','? b=')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | (lambda_slash_no_default | lambda_slash_with_default)? lambda_param_maybe_default* '*' (',' | lambda_param_no_default) lambda_param_maybe_default* a='/' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"/ must be ahead of *\") }\n" +" | lambda_param_maybe_default+ '/' a='*' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expected comma between / and *\") }\n" +"invalid_lambda_parameters_helper:\n" +" | a=lambda_slash_with_default { _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) }\n" +" | lambda_param_with_default+\n" +"invalid_lambda_star_etc:\n" +" | '*' (':' | ',' (':' | '**')) { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"named arguments must follow bare *\") }\n" +" | '*' lambda_param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-positional argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',') lambda_param_maybe_default* a='*' (lambda_param_no_default | ',') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"* argument may appear only once\") }\n" +"invalid_lambda_kwds:\n" +" | '**' lambda_param a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"var-keyword argument cannot have default value\") }\n" +" | '**' lambda_param ',' a=lambda_param { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +" | '**' lambda_param ',' a[Token*]=('*'|'**'|'/') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument\") }\n" +"invalid_double_type_comments:\n" +" | TYPE_COMMENT NEWLINE TYPE_COMMENT NEWLINE INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"Cannot have two type comments on def\") }\n" +"invalid_with_item:\n" +" | expression 'as' a=expression &(',' | ')' | ':') {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(STAR_TARGETS, a) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_for_target:\n" +" | 'async'? 'for' a=star_expressions {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_INVALID_TARGET(FOR_TARGETS, a) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_group:\n" +" | '(' a=starred_expression ')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot use starred expression here\") }\n" +" | '(' a='**' expression ')' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot use double starred expression here\") }\n" +"invalid_import:\n" +" | a='import' ','.dotted_name+ 'from' dotted_name {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead?\") }\n" +" | 'import' token=NEWLINE { \n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(token, \"Expected one or more names after 'import'\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_import_from_targets:\n" +" | import_from_as_names ',' NEWLINE {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses\") }\n" +" | token=NEWLINE { \n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(token, \"Expected one or more names after 'import'\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_with_stmt:\n" +" | ['async'] 'with' ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+ NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | ['async'] 'with' '(' ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+ ','? ')' NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +"invalid_with_stmt_indent:\n" +" | ['async'] a='with' ','.(expression ['as' star_target])+ ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | ['async'] a='with' '(' ','.(expressions ['as' star_target])+ ','? ')' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_try_stmt:\n" +" | a='try' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'try' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | 'try' ':' block !('except' | 'finally') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected 'except' or 'finally' block\") }\n" +" | 'try' ':' block* except_block+ a='except' b='*' expression ['as' NAME] ':' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'\") }\n" +" | 'try' ':' block* except_star_block+ a='except' [expression ['as' NAME]] ':' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'\") }\n" +"invalid_except_stmt:\n" +" | 'except' '*'? a=expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME ] ':' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"multiple exception types must be parenthesized\") }\n" +" | a='except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME ] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='except' NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected one or more exception types\") }\n" +"invalid_finally_stmt:\n" +" | a='finally' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_except_stmt_indent:\n" +" | a='except' expression ['as' NAME ] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | a='except' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT { RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_except_star_stmt_indent:\n" +" | a='except' '*' expression ['as' NAME ] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'except*' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_match_stmt:\n" +" | \"match\" subject_expr NEWLINE { CHECK_VERSION(void*, 10, \"Pattern matching is\", RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") ) }\n" +" | a=\"match\" subject=subject_expr ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'match' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_case_block:\n" +" | \"case\" patterns guard? NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a=\"case\" patterns guard? ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_as_pattern:\n" +" | or_pattern 'as' a=\"_\" { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"cannot use '_' as a target\") }\n" +" | or_pattern 'as' !NAME a=expression { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"invalid pattern target\") }\n" +"invalid_class_pattern:\n" +" | name_or_attr '(' a=invalid_class_argument_pattern { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(\n" +" PyPegen_first_item(a, pattern_ty),\n" +" PyPegen_last_item(a, pattern_ty),\n" +" \"positional patterns follow keyword patterns\") }\n" +"invalid_class_argument_pattern[asdl_pattern_seq*]:\n" +" | [positional_patterns ','] keyword_patterns ',' a=positional_patterns { a }\n" +"invalid_if_stmt:\n" +" | 'if' named_expression NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='if' a=named_expression ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'if' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_elif_stmt:\n" +" | 'elif' named_expression NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='elif' named_expression ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'elif' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_else_stmt:\n" +" | a='else' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_while_stmt:\n" +" | 'while' named_expression NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='while' named_expression ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'while' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_for_stmt:\n" +" | ['async'] 'for' star_targets 'in' star_expressions NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | ['async'] a='for' star_targets 'in' star_expressions ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"invalid_def_raw:\n" +" | ['async'] a='def' NAME [type_params] '(' [params] ')' ['->' expression] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after function definition on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +" | ['async'] 'def' NAME [type_params] &&'(' [params] ')' ['->' expression] &&':' [func_type_comment] block\n" +"invalid_class_def_raw:\n" +" | 'class' NAME [type_params] ['(' [arguments] ')'] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR(\"expected ':'\") }\n" +" | a='class' NAME [type_params] ['(' [arguments] ')'] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {\n" +" RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR(\"expected an indented block after class definition on line %d\", a->lineno) }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_double_starred_kvpairs:\n" +" | ','.double_starred_kvpair+ ',' invalid_kvpair\n" +" | expression ':' a='*' bitwise_or { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value\") }\n" +" | expression a=':' &('}'|',') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expression expected after dictionary key and ':'\") }\n" +"invalid_kvpair:\n" +" | a=expression !(':') {\n" +" RAISE_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(p, PyExc_SyntaxError, a->lineno, a->end_col_offset - 1, a->end_lineno, -1, \"':' expected after dictionary key\") }\n" +" | expression ':' a='*' bitwise_or { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, \"cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value\") }\n" +" | expression a=':' &('}'|',') {RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"expression expected after dictionary key and ':'\") }\n" +"invalid_starred_expression:\n" +" | a='*' expression '=' b=expression { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_replacement_field:\n" +" | '{' a='=' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before '='\") }\n" +" | '{' a='!' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before '!'\") }\n" +" | '{' a=':' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before ':'\") }\n" +" | '{' a='}' { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_LOCATION(a, \"f-string: valid expression required before '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' !annotated_rhs { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting a valid expression after '{'\")}\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs !('=' | '!' | ':' | '}') {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '=', or '!', or ':', or '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '=' !('!' | ':' | '}') {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '!', or ':', or '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? invalid_conversion_character\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] !(':' | '}') {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting ':' or '}'\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] ':' fstring_format_spec* !'}' {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '}', or format specs\") }\n" +" | '{' annotated_rhs '='? ['!' NAME] !'}' {\n" +" PyErr_Occurred() ? NULL : RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: expecting '}'\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_conversion_character:\n" +" | '!' &(':' | '}') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: missing conversion character\") }\n" +" | '!' !NAME { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_ON_NEXT_TOKEN(\"f-string: invalid conversion character\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_arithmetic:\n" +" | sum ('+'|'-'|'*'|'/'|'%'|'//'|'@') a='not' b=inversion { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"'not' after an operator must be parenthesized\") }\n" +"invalid_factor:\n" +" | ('+' | '-' | '~') a='not' b=factor { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_KNOWN_RANGE(a, b, \"'not' after an operator must be parenthesized\") }\n" +"\n" +"invalid_type_params:\n" +" | '[' token=']' {\n" +" RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(\n" +" token, \n" +" \"Type parameter list cannot be empty\")}\n" diff --git a/reference/import.po b/reference/import.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b212f4ce2 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/import.po @@ -0,0 +1,1812 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Hissy , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:6 +msgid "The import system" +msgstr "导入系统" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Python code in one :term:`module` gains access to the code in another module" +" by the process of :term:`importing` it. The :keyword:`import` statement is" +" the most common way of invoking the import machinery, but it is not the " +"only way. Functions such as :func:`importlib.import_module` and built-in " +":func:`__import__` can also be used to invoke the import machinery." +msgstr "" +"一个 :term:`module` 内的 Python 代码通过 :term:`importing` 操作就能够访问另一个模块内的代码。 " +":keyword:`import` 语句是唤起导入机制的最常用方式，但不是唯一的方式。 :func:`importlib.import_module` " +"以及内置的 :func:`__import__` 等函数也可以被用来唤起导入机制。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`import` statement combines two operations; it searches for the" +" named module, then it binds the results of that search to a name in the " +"local scope. The search operation of the :keyword:`!import` statement is " +"defined as a call to the :func:`__import__` function, with the appropriate " +"arguments. The return value of :func:`__import__` is used to perform the " +"name binding operation of the :keyword:`!import` statement. See the " +":keyword:`!import` statement for the exact details of that name binding " +"operation." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`import` 语句结合了两个操作；它先搜索指定名称的模块，然后将搜索结果绑定到当前作用域中的名称。 " +":keyword:`!import` 语句的搜索操作被定义为对 :func:`__import__` 函数的调用并带有适当的参数。 " +":func:`__import__` 的返回值会被用于执行 :keyword:`!import` 语句的名称绑定操作。 请参阅 " +":keyword:`!import` 语句了解名称绑定操作的更多细节。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:25 +msgid "" +"A direct call to :func:`__import__` performs only the module search and, if " +"found, the module creation operation. While certain side-effects may occur," +" such as the importing of parent packages, and the updating of various " +"caches (including :data:`sys.modules`), only the :keyword:`import` statement" +" performs a name binding operation." +msgstr "" +"对 :func:`__import__` 的直接调用将仅执行模块搜索以及在找到时的模块创建操作。 不过也可能产生某些副作用，例如导入父包和更新各种缓存 " +"(包括 :data:`sys.modules`)，只有 :keyword:`import` 语句会执行名称绑定操作。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:31 +msgid "" +"When an :keyword:`import` statement is executed, the standard builtin " +":func:`__import__` function is called. Other mechanisms for invoking the " +"import system (such as :func:`importlib.import_module`) may choose to bypass" +" :func:`__import__` and use their own solutions to implement import " +"semantics." +msgstr "" +"当 :keyword:`import` 语句被执行时，标准的内置 :func:`__import__` 函数会被调用。 其他唤起导入系统的机制 (例如 " +":func:`importlib.import_module`) 可能会选择绕过 :func:`__import__` " +"并使用它们自己的解决方案来实现导入机制。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:36 +msgid "" +"When a module is first imported, Python searches for the module and if " +"found, it creates a module object [#fnmo]_, initializing it. If the named " +"module cannot be found, a :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. Python " +"implements various strategies to search for the named module when the import" +" machinery is invoked. These strategies can be modified and extended by " +"using various hooks described in the sections below." +msgstr "" +"当一个模块首次被导入时，Python 会搜索该模块，如果找到就创建一个 module 对象 [#fnmo]_ 并初始化它。 " +"如果指定名称的模块未找到，则会引发 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`。 当唤起导入机制时，Python " +"会实现多种策略来搜索指定名称的模块。 这些策略可以通过使用使用下文所描述的多种钩子来加以修改和扩展。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:43 +msgid "" +"The import system has been updated to fully implement the second phase of " +":pep:`302`. There is no longer any implicit import machinery - the full " +"import system is exposed through :data:`sys.meta_path`. In addition, native " +"namespace package support has been implemented (see :pep:`420`)." +msgstr "" +"导入系统已被更新以完全实现 :pep:`302` 中的第二阶段要求。 不会再有任何隐式的导入机制 —— 整个导入系统都通过 " +":data:`sys.meta_path` 暴露出来。 此外，对原生命名空间包的支持也已被实现 (参见 :pep:`420`)。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:51 +msgid ":mod:`importlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib`" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`importlib` module provides a rich API for interacting with the " +"import system. For example :func:`importlib.import_module` provides a " +"recommended, simpler API than built-in :func:`__import__` for invoking the " +"import machinery. Refer to the :mod:`importlib` library documentation for " +"additional detail." +msgstr "" +":mod:`importlib` 模块提供了一个丰富的 API 用来与导入系统进行交互。 例如 " +":func:`importlib.import_module` 提供了相比内置的 :func:`__import__` 更推荐、更简单的 API " +"用来唤起导入机制。 更多细节请参看 :mod:`importlib` 库文档。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:62 +msgid "Packages" +msgstr "包" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Python has only one type of module object, and all modules are of this type," +" regardless of whether the module is implemented in Python, C, or something " +"else. To help organize modules and provide a naming hierarchy, Python has a" +" concept of :term:`packages `." +msgstr "" +"Python 只有一种模块对象类型，所有模块都属于该类型，无论模块是用 Python、C 还是别的语言实现。 " +"为了帮助组织模块并提供名称层次结构，Python 还引入了 :term:`包 ` 的概念。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:72 +msgid "" +"You can think of packages as the directories on a file system and modules as" +" files within directories, but don't take this analogy too literally since " +"packages and modules need not originate from the file system. For the " +"purposes of this documentation, we'll use this convenient analogy of " +"directories and files. Like file system directories, packages are organized" +" hierarchically, and packages may themselves contain subpackages, as well as" +" regular modules." +msgstr "" +"你可以把包看成是文件系统中的目录，并把模块看成是目录中的文件，但请不要对这个类比做过于字面的理解，因为包和模块不是必须来自于文件系统。 " +"为了方便理解本文档，我们将继续使用这种目录和文件的类比。 与文件系统一样，包通过层次结构进行组织，在包之内除了一般的模块，还可以有子包。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:80 +msgid "" +"It's important to keep in mind that all packages are modules, but not all " +"modules are packages. Or put another way, packages are just a special kind " +"of module. Specifically, any module that contains a ``__path__`` attribute " +"is considered a package." +msgstr "" +"要注意的一个重点概念是所有包都是模块，但并非所有模块都是包。 或者换句话说，包只是一种特殊的模块。 特别地，任何具有 ``__path__`` " +"属性的模块都会被当作是包。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:85 +msgid "" +"All modules have a name. Subpackage names are separated from their parent " +"package name by a dot, akin to Python's standard attribute access syntax. " +"Thus you might have a package called :mod:`email`, which in turn has a " +"subpackage called :mod:`email.mime` and a module within that subpackage " +"called :mod:`email.mime.text`." +msgstr "" +"所有模块都有自己的名字。 子包名与其父包名会以点号分隔，与 Python 的标准属性访问语法一致。 因此你可能会有一个名为 :mod:`email` " +"的包，这个包中又有一个名为 :mod:`email.mime` 的子包以及该子包中的名为 :mod:`email.mime.text` 的子包。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:93 +msgid "Regular packages" +msgstr "常规包" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:98 +msgid "" +"Python defines two types of packages, :term:`regular packages ` and :term:`namespace packages `. Regular " +"packages are traditional packages as they existed in Python 3.2 and earlier." +" A regular package is typically implemented as a directory containing an " +"``__init__.py`` file. When a regular package is imported, this " +"``__init__.py`` file is implicitly executed, and the objects it defines are " +"bound to names in the package's namespace. The ``__init__.py`` file can " +"contain the same Python code that any other module can contain, and Python " +"will add some additional attributes to the module when it is imported." +msgstr "" +"Python 定义了两种类型的包，:term:`常规包 ` 和 :term:`命名空间包 `。 常规包是传统的包类型，它们在 Python 3.2 及之前就已存在。 常规包通常以一个包含 ``__init__.py`` " +"文件的目录形式实现。 当一个常规包被导入时，这个 ``__init__.py`` " +"文件会隐式地被执行，它所定义的对象会被绑定到该包命名空间中的名称。``__init__.py`` 文件可以包含与任何其他模块中所包含的 Python " +"代码相似的代码，Python 将在模块被导入时为其添加额外的属性。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:108 +msgid "" +"For example, the following file system layout defines a top level ``parent``" +" package with three subpackages::" +msgstr "例如，以下文件系统布局定义了一个最高层级的 ``parent`` 包和三个子包::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:111 +msgid "" +"parent/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" one/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" two/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" three/\n" +" __init__.py" +msgstr "" +"parent/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" one/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" two/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" three/\n" +" __init__.py" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Importing ``parent.one`` will implicitly execute ``parent/__init__.py`` and " +"``parent/one/__init__.py``. Subsequent imports of ``parent.two`` or " +"``parent.three`` will execute ``parent/two/__init__.py`` and " +"``parent/three/__init__.py`` respectively." +msgstr "" +"导入 ``parent.one`` 将隐式地执行 ``parent/__init__.py`` 和 " +"``parent/one/__init__.py``。 后续导入 ``parent.two`` 或 ``parent.three`` 则将分别执行 " +"``parent/two/__init__.py`` 和 ``parent/three/__init__.py``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:127 +msgid "Namespace packages" +msgstr "命名空间包" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:133 +msgid "" +"A namespace package is a composite of various :term:`portions `, " +"where each portion contributes a subpackage to the parent package. Portions" +" may reside in different locations on the file system. Portions may also be" +" found in zip files, on the network, or anywhere else that Python searches " +"during import. Namespace packages may or may not correspond directly to " +"objects on the file system; they may be virtual modules that have no " +"concrete representation." +msgstr "" +"命名空间包是由多个 :term:`部分 ` 构成的，每个部分为父包增加一个子包。 各个部分可能处于文件系统的不同位置。 部分也可能处于" +" zip 文件中、网络上，或者 Python 在导入期间可以搜索的其他地方。 " +"命名空间包并不一定会直接对应到文件系统中的对象；它们有可能是无实体表示的虚拟模块。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:141 +msgid "" +"Namespace packages do not use an ordinary list for their ``__path__`` " +"attribute. They instead use a custom iterable type which will automatically " +"perform a new search for package portions on the next import attempt within " +"that package if the path of their parent package (or :data:`sys.path` for a " +"top level package) changes." +msgstr "" +"命名空间包的 ``__path__`` 属性不使用普通的列表。 而是使用定制的可迭代类型，如果其父包的路径 (或者最高层级包的 " +":data:`sys.path`) 发生改变，这种对象会在该包内的下一次导入尝试时自动执行新的对包部分的搜索。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:147 +msgid "" +"With namespace packages, there is no ``parent/__init__.py`` file. In fact, " +"there may be multiple ``parent`` directories found during import search, " +"where each one is provided by a different portion. Thus ``parent/one`` may " +"not be physically located next to ``parent/two``. In this case, Python will" +" create a namespace package for the top-level ``parent`` package whenever it" +" or one of its subpackages is imported." +msgstr "" +"命名空间包没有 ``parent/__init__.py`` 文件。 实际上，在导入搜索期间可能找到多个 ``parent`` " +"目录，每个都由不同的部分所提供。 因此 ``parent/one`` 的物理位置不一定与 ``parent/two`` 相邻。 " +"在这种情况下，Python 将为顶级的 ``parent`` 包创建一个命名空间包，无论是它本身还是它的某个子包被导入。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:154 +msgid "See also :pep:`420` for the namespace package specification." +msgstr "另请参阅 :pep:`420` 了解对命名空间包的规格描述。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:158 +msgid "Searching" +msgstr "搜索" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:160 +msgid "" +"To begin the search, Python needs the :term:`fully qualified ` name of the module (or package, but for the purposes of this " +"discussion, the difference is immaterial) being imported. This name may " +"come from various arguments to the :keyword:`import` statement, or from the " +"parameters to the :func:`importlib.import_module` or :func:`__import__` " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"为了开始搜索，Python 需要被导入模块（或者包，对于当前讨论来说两者没有差别）的完整 :term:`限定名称 `。 " +"此名称可以来自 :keyword:`import` 语句所带的各种参数，或者来自传给 :func:`importlib.import_module` 或" +" :func:`__import__` 函数的形参。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:166 +msgid "" +"This name will be used in various phases of the import search, and it may be" +" the dotted path to a submodule, e.g. ``foo.bar.baz``. In this case, Python" +" first tries to import ``foo``, then ``foo.bar``, and finally " +"``foo.bar.baz``. If any of the intermediate imports fail, a " +":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"此名称会在导入搜索的各个阶段被使用，它也可以是指向一个子模块的带点号路径，例如 ``foo.bar.baz``。 在这种情况下，Python " +"会先尝试导入 ``foo``，然后是 ``foo.bar``，最后是 ``foo.bar.baz``。 如果这些导入中的任何一个失败，都会引发 " +":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:173 +msgid "The module cache" +msgstr "模块缓存" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:178 +msgid "" +"The first place checked during import search is :data:`sys.modules`. This " +"mapping serves as a cache of all modules that have been previously imported," +" including the intermediate paths. So if ``foo.bar.baz`` was previously " +"imported, :data:`sys.modules` will contain entries for ``foo``, ``foo.bar``," +" and ``foo.bar.baz``. Each key will have as its value the corresponding " +"module object." +msgstr "" +"在导入搜索期间首先会被检查的地方是 :data:`sys.modules`。 这个映射起到缓存之前导入的所有模块的作用（包括其中间路径）。 " +"因此如果之前导入过 ``foo.bar.baz``，则 :data:`sys.modules` 将包含 ``foo``, ``foo.bar`` 和 " +"``foo.bar.baz`` 条目。 每个键的值就是相应的模块对象。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:185 +msgid "" +"During import, the module name is looked up in :data:`sys.modules` and if " +"present, the associated value is the module satisfying the import, and the " +"process completes. However, if the value is ``None``, then a " +":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. If the module name is missing, Python" +" will continue searching for the module." +msgstr "" +"在导入期间，会在 :data:`sys.modules` 查找模块名称，如存在则其关联的值就是需要导入的模块，导入过程完成。 然而，如果值为 " +"``None``，则会引发 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`。 如果找不到指定模块名称，Python 将继续搜索该模块。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:191 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.modules` is writable. Deleting a key may not destroy the " +"associated module (as other modules may hold references to it), but it will " +"invalidate the cache entry for the named module, causing Python to search " +"anew for the named module upon its next import. The key can also be assigned" +" to ``None``, forcing the next import of the module to result in a " +":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.modules` 是可写的。删除键可能不会破坏关联的模块（因为其他模块可能会保留对它的引用），但它会使命名模块的缓存条目无效，导致" +" Python 在下次导入时重新搜索命名模块。键也可以赋值为 ``None`` ，强制下一次导入模块导致 " +":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` 。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Beware though, as if you keep a reference to the module object, invalidate " +"its cache entry in :data:`sys.modules`, and then re-import the named module," +" the two module objects will *not* be the same. By contrast, " +":func:`importlib.reload` will reuse the *same* module object, and simply " +"reinitialise the module contents by rerunning the module's code." +msgstr "" +"但是要小心，因为如果你还保有对某个模块对象的引用，同时停用其在 :data:`sys.modules` " +"中的缓存条目，然后又再次导入该名称的模块，则前后两个模块对象将 *不是* 同一个。 相反地，:func:`importlib.reload` 将重用 " +"*同一个* 模块对象，并简单地通过重新运行模块的代码来重新初始化模块内容。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:208 +msgid "Finders and loaders" +msgstr "查找器和加载器" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:215 +msgid "" +"If the named module is not found in :data:`sys.modules`, then Python's " +"import protocol is invoked to find and load the module. This protocol " +"consists of two conceptual objects, :term:`finders ` and " +":term:`loaders `. A finder's job is to determine whether it can find" +" the named module using whatever strategy it knows about. Objects that " +"implement both of these interfaces are referred to as :term:`importers " +"` - they return themselves when they find that they can load the " +"requested module." +msgstr "" +"如果指定名称的模块在 :data:`sys.modules` 找不到，则将唤起 Python 的导入协议以查找和加载该模块。 " +"此协议由两个概念性模块构成，即 :term:`查找器 ` 和 :term:`加载器 `。 " +"查找器的任务是确定是否能使用其所知的策略找到该名称的模块。 同时实现这两种接口的对象称为 :term:`导入器 ` —— " +"它们在确定能加载所需的模块时会返回其自身。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Python includes a number of default finders and importers. The first one " +"knows how to locate built-in modules, and the second knows how to locate " +"frozen modules. A third default finder searches an :term:`import path` for " +"modules. The :term:`import path` is a list of locations that may name file " +"system paths or zip files. It can also be extended to search for any " +"locatable resource, such as those identified by URLs." +msgstr "" +"Python 包含了多个默认查找器和导入器。 第一个知道如何定位内置模块，第二个知道如何定位冻结模块。 第三个默认查找器会在 :term:`import" +" path` 中搜索模块。 :term:`import path` 是一个由文件系统路径或 zip 文件组成的位置列表。 " +"它还可以扩展为搜索任意可定位资源，例如由 URL 指定的资源。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:230 +msgid "" +"The import machinery is extensible, so new finders can be added to extend " +"the range and scope of module searching." +msgstr "导入机制是可扩展的，因此可以加入新的查找器以扩展模块搜索的范围和作用域。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Finders do not actually load modules. If they can find the named module, " +"they return a :dfn:`module spec`, an encapsulation of the module's import-" +"related information, which the import machinery then uses when loading the " +"module." +msgstr "" +"查找器并不真正加载模块。 如果它们能找到指定名称的模块，会返回一个 " +":dfn:`模块规格说明`，这是对模块导入相关信息的封装，供后续导入机制用于在加载模块时使用。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:237 +msgid "" +"The following sections describe the protocol for finders and loaders in more" +" detail, including how you can create and register new ones to extend the " +"import machinery." +msgstr "以下各节描述了有关查找器和加载器协议的更多细节，包括你应该如何创建并注册新的此类对象来扩展导入机制。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:241 +msgid "" +"In previous versions of Python, finders returned :term:`loaders ` " +"directly, whereas now they return module specs which *contain* loaders. " +"Loaders are still used during import but have fewer responsibilities." +msgstr "" +"在之前的 Python 版本中，查找器会直接返回 :term:`加载器 `，现在它们则返回模块规格说明，其中 *包含* 加载器。 " +"加载器仍然在导入期间被使用，但负担的任务有所减少。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:247 +msgid "Import hooks" +msgstr "导入钩子" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The import machinery is designed to be extensible; the primary mechanism for" +" this are the *import hooks*. There are two types of import hooks: *meta " +"hooks* and *import path hooks*." +msgstr "导入机制被设计为可扩展；其中的基本机制是 *导入钩子*。 导入钩子有两种类型: *元钩子* 和 *导入路径钩子*。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Meta hooks are called at the start of import processing, before any other " +"import processing has occurred, other than :data:`sys.modules` cache look " +"up. This allows meta hooks to override :data:`sys.path` processing, frozen " +"modules, or even built-in modules. Meta hooks are registered by adding new " +"finder objects to :data:`sys.meta_path`, as described below." +msgstr "" +"元钩子在导入过程开始时被调用，此时任何其他导入过程尚未发生，但 :data:`sys.modules` 缓存查找除外。 这允许元钩子重载 " +":data:`sys.path` 过程、冻结模块甚至内置模块。 元钩子的注册是通过向 :data:`sys.meta_path` " +"添加新的查找器对象，具体如下所述。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Import path hooks are called as part of :data:`sys.path` (or " +"``package.__path__``) processing, at the point where their associated path " +"item is encountered. Import path hooks are registered by adding new " +"callables to :data:`sys.path_hooks` as described below." +msgstr "" +"导入路径钩子是作为 :data:`sys.path` (或 ``package.__path__``) " +"过程的一部分，在遇到它们所关联的路径项的时候被调用。 导入路径钩子的注册是通过向 :data:`sys.path_hooks` " +"添加新的可调用对象，具体如下所述。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:274 +msgid "The meta path" +msgstr "元路径" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:280 +msgid "" +"When the named module is not found in :data:`sys.modules`, Python next " +"searches :data:`sys.meta_path`, which contains a list of meta path finder " +"objects. These finders are queried in order to see if they know how to " +"handle the named module. Meta path finders must implement a method called " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` which takes three arguments:" +" a name, an import path, and (optionally) a target module. The meta path " +"finder can use any strategy it wants to determine whether it can handle the " +"named module or not." +msgstr "" +"当指定名称的模块在 :data:`sys.modules` 中找不到时，Python 会接着搜索 " +":data:`sys.meta_path`，其中包含元路径查找器对象列表。 这些查找器将按顺序被查询以确定它们是否知道如何处理该名称的模块。 " +"元路径查找器必须实现名为 :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` " +"的方法，它接受三个参数：名称、导入路径和（可选的）目标模块。 元路径查找器可使用任何策略来确定它是否能处理指定名称的模块。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:289 +msgid "" +"If the meta path finder knows how to handle the named module, it returns a " +"spec object. If it cannot handle the named module, it returns ``None``. If" +" :data:`sys.meta_path` processing reaches the end of its list without " +"returning a spec, then a :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. Any other " +"exceptions raised are simply propagated up, aborting the import process." +msgstr "" +"如果元路径查找器知道如何处理指定名称的模块，它将返回一个说明对象。 如果它不能处理该名称的模块，则会返回 ``None``。 如果 " +":data:`sys.meta_path` 处理过程到达列表末尾仍未返回说明对象，则将引发 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`。 " +"任何其他被引发异常将直接向上传播，并放弃导入过程。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:295 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method of meta path " +"finders is called with two or three arguments. The first is the fully " +"qualified name of the module being imported, for example ``foo.bar.baz``. " +"The second argument is the path entries to use for the module search. For " +"top-level modules, the second argument is ``None``, but for submodules or " +"subpackages, the second argument is the value of the parent package's " +"``__path__`` attribute. If the appropriate ``__path__`` attribute cannot be " +"accessed, a :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` is raised. The third argument is an " +"existing module object that will be the target of loading later. The import " +"system passes in a target module only during reload." +msgstr "" +"元路径查找器的 :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 方法调用将附带两个或三个参数。 " +"第一个是被导入模块的完整限定名称，例如 ``foo.bar.baz``。 第二个参数是供模块搜索使用的路径条目。 对于最高层级模块，第二个参数为 " +"``None``，但对于子模块或子包，第二个参数为父包的 ``__path__`` 属性的值。 如果相应折 ``__path__`` " +"属性无法访问，则会引发 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`。 第三个参数是将被作为稍后加载目标的现有模块对象。 " +"导入系统仅会在重加载期间传入一个目标模块。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:306 +msgid "" +"The meta path may be traversed multiple times for a single import request. " +"For example, assuming none of the modules involved has already been cached, " +"importing ``foo.bar.baz`` will first perform a top level import, calling " +"``mpf.find_spec(\"foo\", None, None)`` on each meta path finder (``mpf``). " +"After ``foo`` has been imported, ``foo.bar`` will be imported by traversing " +"the meta path a second time, calling ``mpf.find_spec(\"foo.bar\", " +"foo.__path__, None)``. Once ``foo.bar`` has been imported, the final " +"traversal will call ``mpf.find_spec(\"foo.bar.baz\", foo.bar.__path__, " +"None)``." +msgstr "" +"对于单个导入请求可以多次遍历元路径。 例如，假设所涉及的模块都尚未被缓存，则导入 ``foo.bar.baz`` " +"将首先执行顶级的导入，在每个元路径查找器 (``mpf``) 上调用 ``mpf.find_spec(\"foo\", None, None)``。 " +"在导入 ``foo`` 之后，``foo.bar`` 将通过第二次遍历元路径来导入，调用 ``mpf.find_spec(\"foo.bar\", " +"foo.__path__, None)``。 一旦 ``foo.bar`` 完成导入，最后一次遍历将调用 " +"``mpf.find_spec(\"foo.bar.baz\", foo.bar.__path__, None)``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:316 +msgid "" +"Some meta path finders only support top level imports. These importers will " +"always return ``None`` when anything other than ``None`` is passed as the " +"second argument." +msgstr "有些元路径查找器只支持顶级导入。 当把 ``None`` 以外的对象作为第三个参数传入时，这些导入器将总是返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Python's default :data:`sys.meta_path` has three meta path finders, one that" +" knows how to import built-in modules, one that knows how to import frozen " +"modules, and one that knows how to import modules from an :term:`import " +"path` (i.e. the :term:`path based finder`)." +msgstr "" +"Python 的默认 :data:`sys.meta_path` " +"具有三种元路径查找器，一种知道如何导入内置模块，一种知道如何导入冻结模块，还有一种知道如何导入来自 :term:`import path` 的模块 (即" +" :term:`path based finder`)。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:325 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method of meta path " +"finders replaced :meth:`!find_module`, which is now deprecated. While it " +"will continue to work without change, the import machinery will try it only " +"if the finder does not implement " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec`." +msgstr "" +"元路径查找器的 :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 方法替代了 " +":meth:`!find_module`，后者现已被弃用。 虽然它仍将可以不加修改地继续使用，但导入机制仅会在查找器未实现 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 时尝试使用它。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:332 +msgid "" +"Use of :meth:`!find_module` by the import system now raises " +":exc:`ImportWarning`." +msgstr "导入系统使用 :meth:`!find_module` 现在将引发 :exc:`ImportWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:336 +msgid "" +":meth:`!find_module` has been removed. Use " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` instead." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!find_module` 已被移除。 请改用 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:342 +msgid "Loading" +msgstr "加载" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:344 +msgid "" +"If and when a module spec is found, the import machinery will use it (and " +"the loader it contains) when loading the module. Here is an approximation " +"of what happens during the loading portion of import::" +msgstr "当一个模块说明被找到时，导入机制将在加载该模块时使用它（及其所包含的加载器）。 下面是导入的加载部分所发生过程的简要说明::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:348 +msgid "" +"module = None\n" +"if spec.loader is not None and hasattr(spec.loader, 'create_module'):\n" +" # It is assumed 'exec_module' will also be defined on the loader.\n" +" module = spec.loader.create_module(spec)\n" +"if module is None:\n" +" module = ModuleType(spec.name)\n" +"# The import-related module attributes get set here:\n" +"_init_module_attrs(spec, module)\n" +"\n" +"if spec.loader is None:\n" +" # unsupported\n" +" raise ImportError\n" +"if spec.origin is None and spec.submodule_search_locations is not None:\n" +" # namespace package\n" +" sys.modules[spec.name] = module\n" +"elif not hasattr(spec.loader, 'exec_module'):\n" +" module = spec.loader.load_module(spec.name)\n" +"else:\n" +" sys.modules[spec.name] = module\n" +" try:\n" +" spec.loader.exec_module(module)\n" +" except BaseException:\n" +" try:\n" +" del sys.modules[spec.name]\n" +" except KeyError:\n" +" pass\n" +" raise\n" +"return sys.modules[spec.name]" +msgstr "" +"module = None\n" +"if spec.loader is not None and hasattr(spec.loader, 'create_module'):\n" +" # 假定 'exec_module' 也将在该加载器上定义。\n" +" module = spec.loader.create_module(spec)\n" +"if module is None:\n" +" module = ModuleType(spec.name)\n" +"# 导入相关的模块属性在此设置：\n" +"_init_module_attrs(spec, module)\n" +"\n" +"if spec.loader is None:\n" +" # 不受支持\n" +" raise ImportError\n" +"if spec.origin is None and spec.submodule_search_locations is not None:\n" +" # 命名空间包\n" +" sys.modules[spec.name] = module\n" +"elif not hasattr(spec.loader, 'exec_module'):\n" +" module = spec.loader.load_module(spec.name)\n" +"else:\n" +" sys.modules[spec.name] = module\n" +" try:\n" +" spec.loader.exec_module(module)\n" +" except BaseException:\n" +" try:\n" +" del sys.modules[spec.name]\n" +" except KeyError:\n" +" pass\n" +" raise\n" +"return sys.modules[spec.name]" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:377 +msgid "Note the following details:" +msgstr "请注意以下细节:" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:379 +msgid "" +"If there is an existing module object with the given name in " +":data:`sys.modules`, import will have already returned it." +msgstr "如果在 :data:`sys.modules` 中存在指定名称的模块对象，导入操作会已经将其返回。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:382 +msgid "" +"The module will exist in :data:`sys.modules` before the loader executes the " +"module code. This is crucial because the module code may (directly or " +"indirectly) import itself; adding it to :data:`sys.modules` beforehand " +"prevents unbounded recursion in the worst case and multiple loading in the " +"best." +msgstr "" +"在加载器执行模块代码之前，该模块将存在于 :data:`sys.modules` 中。 " +"这一点很关键，因为该模块代码可能（直接或间接地）导入其自身；预先将其添加到 :data:`sys.modules` " +"可防止在最坏情况下的无限递归和最好情况下的多次加载。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:388 +msgid "" +"If loading fails, the failing module -- and only the failing module -- gets " +"removed from :data:`sys.modules`. Any module already in the " +":data:`sys.modules` cache, and any module that was successfully loaded as a " +"side-effect, must remain in the cache. This contrasts with reloading where " +"even the failing module is left in :data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "" +"如果加载失败，则该模块 -- 只限加载失败的模块 -- 将从 :data:`sys.modules` 中移除。 任何已存在于 " +":data:`sys.modules` 缓存的模块，以及任何作为附带影响被成功加载的模块仍会保留在缓存中。 " +"这与重新加载不同，后者会把即使加载失败的模块也保留在 :data:`sys.modules` 中。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:394 +msgid "" +"After the module is created but before execution, the import machinery sets " +"the import-related module attributes (\"_init_module_attrs\" in the pseudo-" +"code example above), as summarized in a :ref:`later section `." +msgstr "" +"在模块创建完成但还未执行之前，导入机制会设置导入相关模块属性（在上面的示例伪代码中为 “_init_module_attrs”），详情参见 " +":ref:`后续部分 `。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Module execution is the key moment of loading in which the module's " +"namespace gets populated. Execution is entirely delegated to the loader, " +"which gets to decide what gets populated and how." +msgstr "模块执行是加载的关键时刻，在此期间将填充模块的命名空间。 执行会完全委托给加载器，由加载器决定要填充的内容和方式。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:403 +msgid "" +"The module created during loading and passed to exec_module() may not be the" +" one returned at the end of import [#fnlo]_." +msgstr "在加载过程中创建并传递给 exec_module() 的模块并不一定就是在导入结束时返回的模块 [#fnlo]_。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:406 +msgid "" +"The import system has taken over the boilerplate responsibilities of " +"loaders. These were previously performed by the " +":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` method." +msgstr "" +"导入系统已经接管了加载器建立样板的责任。 这些在以前是由 :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` " +"方法来执行的。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:412 +msgid "Loaders" +msgstr "加载器" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:414 +msgid "" +"Module loaders provide the critical function of loading: module execution. " +"The import machinery calls the :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` " +"method with a single argument, the module object to execute. Any value " +"returned from :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` is ignored." +msgstr "" +"模块加载器提供关键的加载功能：模块执行。 导入机制调用 :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` " +"方法并传入一个参数来执行模块对象。 从 :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` 返回的任何值都将被忽略。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:419 +msgid "Loaders must satisfy the following requirements:" +msgstr "加载器必须满足下列要求:" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:421 +msgid "" +"If the module is a Python module (as opposed to a built-in module or a " +"dynamically loaded extension), the loader should execute the module's code " +"in the module's global name space (``module.__dict__``)." +msgstr "" +"如果模块是一个 Python 模块（而非内置模块或动态加载的扩展），加载器应该在模块的全局命名空间 (``module.__dict__``) " +"中执行模块的代码。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:425 +msgid "" +"If the loader cannot execute the module, it should raise an " +":exc:`ImportError`, although any other exception raised during " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` will be propagated." +msgstr "" +"如果加载器无法执行指定模块，它应该引发 :exc:`ImportError`，不过在 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` 期间引发的任何其他异常也会被传播。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:429 +msgid "" +"In many cases, the finder and loader can be the same object; in such cases " +"the :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` method would just return" +" a spec with the loader set to ``self``." +msgstr "" +"在许多情况下，查找器和加载器可以是同一对象；在此情况下 :meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` " +"方法将返回一个规格说明，其中加载器会被设为 ``self``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:433 +msgid "" +"Module loaders may opt in to creating the module object during loading by " +"implementing a :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` method. It takes " +"one argument, the module spec, and returns the new module object to use " +"during loading. ``create_module()`` does not need to set any attributes on " +"the module object. If the method returns ``None``, the import machinery " +"will create the new module itself." +msgstr "" +"模块加载器可以选择通过实现 :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` 方法在加载期间创建模块对象。 " +"它接受一个参数，即模块规格说明，并返回新的模块对象供加载期间使用。 ``create_module()`` 不需要在模块对象上设置任何属性。 " +"如果模块返回 ``None``，导入机制将自行创建新模块。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:440 +msgid "The :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` method of loaders." +msgstr "加载器的 :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` 方法。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:443 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` method was replaced by " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` and the import machinery assumed " +"all the boilerplate responsibilities of loading." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` 方法被 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` 所替代，导入机制会对加载的所有样板责任作出假定。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:448 +msgid "" +"For compatibility with existing loaders, the import machinery will use the " +"``load_module()`` method of loaders if it exists and the loader does not " +"also implement ``exec_module()``. However, ``load_module()`` has been " +"deprecated and loaders should implement ``exec_module()`` instead." +msgstr "" +"为了与现有的加载器兼容，导入机制会使用导入器的 ``load_module()`` 方法，如果它存在且导入器也未实现 " +"``exec_module()``。 但是，``load_module()`` 现已弃用，加载器应该转而实现 ``exec_module()``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:453 +msgid "" +"The ``load_module()`` method must implement all the boilerplate loading " +"functionality described above in addition to executing the module. All the " +"same constraints apply, with some additional clarification:" +msgstr "" +"除了执行模块之外，``load_module()`` 方法必须实现上文描述的所有样板加载功能。 所有相同的限制仍然适用，并带有一些附加规定:" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:457 +msgid "" +"If there is an existing module object with the given name in " +":data:`sys.modules`, the loader must use that existing module. (Otherwise, " +":func:`importlib.reload` will not work correctly.) If the named module does" +" not exist in :data:`sys.modules`, the loader must create a new module " +"object and add it to :data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "" +"如果 :data:`sys.modules` 中存在指定名称的模块对象，加载器必须使用已存在的模块。 （否则 " +":func:`importlib.reload` 将无法正确工作。） 如果该名称模块不存在于 :data:`sys.modules` " +"中，加载器必须创建一个新的模块对象并将其加入 :data:`sys.modules`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:463 +msgid "" +"The module *must* exist in :data:`sys.modules` before the loader executes " +"the module code, to prevent unbounded recursion or multiple loading." +msgstr "在加载器执行模块代码之前，模块 *必须* 存在于 :data:`sys.modules` 之中，以防止无限递归或多次加载。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:467 +msgid "" +"If loading fails, the loader must remove any modules it has inserted into " +":data:`sys.modules`, but it must remove **only** the failing module(s), and " +"only if the loader itself has loaded the module(s) explicitly." +msgstr "" +"如果加载失败，加载器必须移除任何它已加入到 :data:`sys.modules` 中的模块，但它必须 **仅限** " +"移除加载失败的模块，且所移除的模块应为加载器自身显式加载的。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:472 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is raised when ``exec_module()`` is defined but " +"``create_module()`` is not." +msgstr "" +"当 ``exec_module()`` 已定义但 ``create_module()`` 未定义时将引发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:476 +msgid "" +"An :exc:`ImportError` is raised when ``exec_module()`` is defined but " +"``create_module()`` is not." +msgstr "" +"当 ``exec_module()`` 已定义但 ``create_module()`` 未定义时将引发 :exc:`ImportError`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:480 +msgid "Use of ``load_module()`` will raise :exc:`ImportWarning`." +msgstr "使用 ``load_module()`` 将引发 :exc:`ImportWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:484 +msgid "Submodules" +msgstr "子模块" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:486 +msgid "" +"When a submodule is loaded using any mechanism (e.g. ``importlib`` APIs, the" +" ``import`` or ``import-from`` statements, or built-in ``__import__()``) a " +"binding is placed in the parent module's namespace to the submodule object. " +"For example, if package ``spam`` has a submodule ``foo``, after importing " +"``spam.foo``, ``spam`` will have an attribute ``foo`` which is bound to the " +"submodule. Let's say you have the following directory structure::" +msgstr "" +"当使用任意机制 (例如 ``importlib`` API, ``import`` 及 ``import-from`` 语句或者内置的 " +"``__import__()``) 加载一个子模块时，父模块的命名空间中会添加一个对子模块对象的绑定。 例如，如果包 ``spam`` 有一个子模块 " +"``foo``，则在导入 ``spam.foo`` 之后，``spam`` 将具有一个 绑定到相应子模块的 ``foo`` 属性。 " +"假如现在有如下的目录结构::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:493 +msgid "" +"spam/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" foo.py" +msgstr "" +"spam/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" foo.py" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:497 +msgid "and ``spam/__init__.py`` has the following line in it::" +msgstr "并且 ``spam/__init__.py`` 中有如下几行内容::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:499 +msgid "from .foo import Foo" +msgstr "from .foo import Foo" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:501 +msgid "" +"then executing the following puts name bindings for ``foo`` and ``Foo`` in " +"the ``spam`` module::" +msgstr "那么执行如下代码将把 ``foo`` 和 ``Foo`` 的名称绑定添加到 ``spam`` 模块中::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:504 +msgid "" +">>> import spam\n" +">>> spam.foo\n" +"\n" +">>> spam.Foo\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> import spam\n" +">>> spam.foo\n" +"\n" +">>> spam.Foo\n" +"" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:510 +msgid "" +"Given Python's familiar name binding rules this might seem surprising, but " +"it's actually a fundamental feature of the import system. The invariant " +"holding is that if you have ``sys.modules['spam']`` and " +"``sys.modules['spam.foo']`` (as you would after the above import), the " +"latter must appear as the ``foo`` attribute of the former." +msgstr "" +"按照通常的 Python 名称绑定规则，这看起来可能会令人惊讶，但它实际上是导入系统的一个基本特性。 保持不变的一点是如果你有 " +"``sys.modules['spam']`` 和 ``sys.modules['spam.foo']`` " +"(例如在上述导入之后就是如此)，则后者必须显示为前者的 ``foo`` 属性。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:519 +msgid "Module specs" +msgstr "模块规格说明" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:521 +msgid "" +"The import machinery uses a variety of information about each module during " +"import, especially before loading. Most of the information is common to all" +" modules. The purpose of a module's spec is to encapsulate this import-" +"related information on a per-module basis." +msgstr "" +"导入机制在导入期间会使用有关每个模块的多种信息，特别是加载之前。 大多数信息都是所有模块通用的。 " +"模块规格说明的目的是基于每个模块来封装这些导入相关信息。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:526 +msgid "" +"Using a spec during import allows state to be transferred between import " +"system components, e.g. between the finder that creates the module spec and " +"the loader that executes it. Most importantly, it allows the import " +"machinery to perform the boilerplate operations of loading, whereas without " +"a module spec the loader had that responsibility." +msgstr "" +"在导入期间使用规格说明可允许状态在导入系统各组件之间传递，例如在创建模块规格说明的查找器和执行模块的加载器之间。 " +"最重要的一点是，它允许导入机制执行加载的样板操作，在没有模块规格说明的情况下这是加载器的责任。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:532 +msgid "" +"The module's spec is exposed as :attr:`module.__spec__`. Setting " +":attr:`!__spec__` appropriately applies equally to :ref:`modules initialized" +" during interpreter startup `. The one exception is ``__main__``, " +"where :attr:`!__spec__` is :ref:`set to None in some cases `." +msgstr "" +"模块的规格说明将作为 :attr:`module.__spec__` 公开。 正确设置 :attr:`!__spec__` 将同时应用于 " +":ref:`解释器启动期间初始化的模块 `。 唯一的例外是 ``__main__``，其中的 :attr:`!__spec__` 会" +" :ref:`在某些情况下设为 None `。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:538 +msgid "" +"See :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for details on the contents of " +"the module spec." +msgstr "请参阅 :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` 了解有关模块规格的详细内容。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:546 +msgid "__path__ attributes on modules" +msgstr "模块的 __path__ 属性" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:548 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~module.__path__` attribute should be a (possibly empty) " +":term:`sequence` of strings enumerating the locations where the package's " +"submodules will be found. By definition, if a module has a :attr:`!__path__`" +" attribute, it is a :term:`package`." +msgstr "" +":attr:`~module.__path__` 属性应当是一个（可能为空的）枚举将用于查找包的子模块的位置的字符串 :term:`sequence`。" +" 根据定义，如果一个模块具有 :attr:`!__path__` 属性，它就是一个 :term:`package`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:553 +msgid "" +"A package's :attr:`~module.__path__` attribute is used during imports of its" +" subpackages. Within the import machinery, it functions much the same as " +":data:`sys.path`, i.e. providing a list of locations to search for modules " +"during import. However, :attr:`!__path__` is typically much more constrained" +" than :data:`!sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"包的 :attr:`~module.__path__` 属性会在导入其子包期间被使用。 在导入机制内部，它的功能与 :data:`sys.path` " +"基本相同，即在导入期间提供一个模拟搜索位置列表。 但是，:attr:`!__path__` 相比 :data:`!sys.path` " +"通常要受到更多约束。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:560 +msgid "" +"The same rules used for :data:`sys.path` also apply to a package's " +":attr:`!__path__`. :data:`sys.path_hooks` (described below) are consulted " +"when traversing a package's :attr:`!__path__`." +msgstr "" +"作用于 :data:`sys.path` 的规则同样适用于包的 :attr:`!__path__`。 :data:`sys.path_hooks` " +"(见下文) 会在遍历包的 :attr:`!__path__` 时被查询。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:564 +msgid "" +"A package's ``__init__.py`` file may set or alter the package's " +":attr:`~module.__path__` attribute, and this was typically the way namespace" +" packages were implemented prior to :pep:`420`. With the adoption of " +":pep:`420`, namespace packages no longer need to supply ``__init__.py`` " +"files containing only :attr:`!__path__` manipulation code; the import " +"machinery automatically sets :attr:`!__path__` correctly for the namespace " +"package." +msgstr "" +"包的 ``__init__.py`` 文件可以设置或更改包的 :attr:`~module.__path__` 属性，而且这是在 :pep:`420` " +"之前实现命名空间包的典型方式。 随着 :pep:`420` 的引入，命名空间包不再需要提供仅包含 :attr:`!__path__` 操控代码的 " +"``__init__.py`` 文件；导入机制会自动为命名空间包正确地设置 :attr:`!__path__`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:573 +msgid "Module reprs" +msgstr "模块的 repr" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:575 +msgid "" +"By default, all modules have a usable repr, however depending on the " +"attributes set above, and in the module's spec, you can more explicitly " +"control the repr of module objects." +msgstr "默认情况下，全部模块都具有一个可用的 repr，但是你可以依据上述的属性设置，在模块的规格说明中更为显式地控制模块对象的 repr。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:579 +msgid "" +"If the module has a spec (``__spec__``), the import machinery will try to " +"generate a repr from it. If that fails or there is no spec, the import " +"system will craft a default repr using whatever information is available on " +"the module. It will try to use the ``module.__name__``, " +"``module.__file__``, and ``module.__loader__`` as input into the repr, with " +"defaults for whatever information is missing." +msgstr "" +"如果模块具有 spec (``__spec__``)，导入机制将尝试用它来生成一个 repr。 如果生成失败或找不到 " +"spec，导入系统将使用模块中的各种可用信息来制作一个默认 repr。 它将尝试使用 ``module.__name__``, " +"``module.__file__`` 以及 ``module.__loader__`` 作为 repr 的输入，并将任何丢失的信息赋为默认值。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:586 +msgid "Here are the exact rules used:" +msgstr "以下是所使用的确切规则:" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:588 +msgid "" +"If the module has a ``__spec__`` attribute, the information in the spec is " +"used to generate the repr. The \"name\", \"loader\", \"origin\", and " +"\"has_location\" attributes are consulted." +msgstr "" +"如果模块具有 ``__spec__`` 属性，其中的规格信息会被用来生成 repr。 被查询的属性有 \"name\", \"loader\", " +"\"origin\" 和 \"has_location\" 等等。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:592 +msgid "" +"If the module has a ``__file__`` attribute, this is used as part of the " +"module's repr." +msgstr "如果模块具有 ``__file__`` 属性，这会被用作模块 repr 的一部分。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:595 +msgid "" +"If the module has no ``__file__`` but does have a ``__loader__`` that is not" +" ``None``, then the loader's repr is used as part of the module's repr." +msgstr "" +"如果模块没有 ``__file__`` 但是有 ``__loader__`` 且取值不为 ``None``，则加载器的 repr 会被用作模块 repr" +" 的一部分。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:598 +msgid "Otherwise, just use the module's ``__name__`` in the repr." +msgstr "对于其他情况，仅在 repr 中使用模块的 ``__name__``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:600 +msgid "" +"Use of :meth:`!module_repr`, having been deprecated since Python 3.4, was " +"removed in Python 3.12 and is no longer called during the resolution of a " +"module's repr." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!module_repr` 自 Python 3.4 起已被弃用，在 Python 3.12 中已被移除且不会在模块的 repr " +"计算期间被调用。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:608 +msgid "Cached bytecode invalidation" +msgstr "已缓存字节码的失效" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:610 +msgid "" +"Before Python loads cached bytecode from a ``.pyc`` file, it checks whether " +"the cache is up-to-date with the source ``.py`` file. By default, Python " +"does this by storing the source's last-modified timestamp and size in the " +"cache file when writing it. At runtime, the import system then validates the" +" cache file by checking the stored metadata in the cache file against the " +"source's metadata." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 从 ``.pyc`` 文件加载已缓存字节码之前，它会检查缓存是否由最新的 ``.py`` 源文件所生成。 默认情况下，Python " +"通过在所写入缓存文件中保存源文件的最新修改时间戳和大小来实现这一点。 " +"在运行时，导入系统会通过比对缓存文件中保存的元数据和源文件的元数据确定该缓存的有效性。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:617 +msgid "" +"Python also supports \"hash-based\" cache files, which store a hash of the " +"source file's contents rather than its metadata. There are two variants of " +"hash-based ``.pyc`` files: checked and unchecked. For checked hash-based " +"``.pyc`` files, Python validates the cache file by hashing the source file " +"and comparing the resulting hash with the hash in the cache file. If a " +"checked hash-based cache file is found to be invalid, Python regenerates it " +"and writes a new checked hash-based cache file. For unchecked hash-based " +"``.pyc`` files, Python simply assumes the cache file is valid if it exists. " +"Hash-based ``.pyc`` files validation behavior may be overridden with the " +":option:`--check-hash-based-pycs` flag." +msgstr "" +"Python 也支持“基于哈希的”缓存文件，即保存源文件内容的哈希值而不是其元数据。 存在两种基于哈希的 ``.pyc`` 文件：检查型和非检查型。 " +"对于检查型基于哈希的 ``.pyc`` 文件，Python 会通过求哈希源文件并将结果哈希值与缓存文件中的哈希值比对来确定缓存有效性。 " +"如果检查型基于哈希的缓存文件被确定为失效，Python 会重新生成并写入一个新的检查型基于哈希的缓存文件。 对于非检查型 ``.pyc`` " +"文件，只要其存在 Python 就会直接认定缓存文件有效。 确定基于哈希的 ``.pyc`` 文件有效性的行为可通过 :option:`--check-" +"hash-based-pycs` 旗标来重载。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:628 +msgid "" +"Added hash-based ``.pyc`` files. Previously, Python only supported " +"timestamp-based invalidation of bytecode caches." +msgstr "增加了基于哈希的 ``.pyc`` 文件。在此之前，Python 只支持基于时间戳来确定字节码缓存的有效性。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:634 +msgid "The Path Based Finder" +msgstr "基于路径的查找器" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:639 +msgid "" +"As mentioned previously, Python comes with several default meta path " +"finders. One of these, called the :term:`path based finder` " +"(:class:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder`), searches an :term:`import path`," +" which contains a list of :term:`path entries `. Each path " +"entry names a location to search for modules." +msgstr "" +"在之前已经提及，Python 带有几种默认的元路径查找器。 其中之一是 :term:`path based finder` " +"(:class:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder`)，它会搜索包含一个 :term:`路径条目 ` 列表的 :term:`import path`。 每个路径条目指定一个用于搜索模块的位置。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:645 +msgid "" +"The path based finder itself doesn't know how to import anything. Instead, " +"it traverses the individual path entries, associating each of them with a " +"path entry finder that knows how to handle that particular kind of path." +msgstr "基于路径的查找器自身并不知道如何进行导入。 它只是遍历单独的路径条目，将它们各自关联到某个知道如何处理特定类型路径的路径条目查找器。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:649 +msgid "" +"The default set of path entry finders implement all the semantics for " +"finding modules on the file system, handling special file types such as " +"Python source code (``.py`` files), Python byte code (``.pyc`` files) and " +"shared libraries (e.g. ``.so`` files). When supported by the " +":mod:`zipimport` module in the standard library, the default path entry " +"finders also handle loading all of these file types (other than shared " +"libraries) from zipfiles." +msgstr "" +"默认的路径条目查找器集合实现了在文件系统中查找模块的所有语义，可处理多种特殊文件类型例如 Python 源码 (``.py`` 文件)，Python " +"字节码 (``.pyc`` 文件) 以及共享库 (例如 ``.so`` 文件)。 在标准库中 :mod:`zipimport` " +"模块的支持下，默认路径条目查找器还能处理所有来自 zip 文件的上述文件类型。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:656 +msgid "" +"Path entries need not be limited to file system locations. They can refer " +"to URLs, database queries, or any other location that can be specified as a " +"string." +msgstr "路径条目不必仅限于文件系统位置。 它们可以指向 URL、数据库查询或可以用字符串指定的任何其他位置。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:660 +msgid "" +"The path based finder provides additional hooks and protocols so that you " +"can extend and customize the types of searchable path entries. For example," +" if you wanted to support path entries as network URLs, you could write a " +"hook that implements HTTP semantics to find modules on the web. This hook " +"(a callable) would return a :term:`path entry finder` supporting the " +"protocol described below, which was then used to get a loader for the module" +" from the web." +msgstr "" +"基于路径的查找器还提供了额外的钩子和协议以便能扩展和定制可搜索路径条目的类型。 例如，如果你想要支持网络 URL 形式的路径条目，你可以编写一个实现 " +"HTTP 语义在网络上查找模块的钩子。 这个钩子（可调用对象）应当返回一个支持下述协议的 :term:`path entry " +"finder`，以被用来获取一个专门针对来自网络的模块的加载器。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:668 +msgid "" +"A word of warning: this section and the previous both use the term *finder*," +" distinguishing between them by using the terms :term:`meta path finder` and" +" :term:`path entry finder`. These two types of finders are very similar, " +"support similar protocols, and function in similar ways during the import " +"process, but it's important to keep in mind that they are subtly different. " +"In particular, meta path finders operate at the beginning of the import " +"process, as keyed off the :data:`sys.meta_path` traversal." +msgstr "" +"预先的警告：本节和上节都使用了 *查找器* 这一术语，并通过 :term:`meta path finder` 和 :term:`path entry " +"finder` 两个术语来明确区分它们。 " +"这两种类型的查找器非常相似，支持相似的协议，且在导入过程中以相似的方式运作，但关键的一点是要记住它们是有微妙差异的。 " +"特别地，元路径查找器作用于导入过程的开始，主要是启动 :data:`sys.meta_path` 遍历。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:676 +msgid "" +"By contrast, path entry finders are in a sense an implementation detail of " +"the path based finder, and in fact, if the path based finder were to be " +"removed from :data:`sys.meta_path`, none of the path entry finder semantics " +"would be invoked." +msgstr "" +"相比之下，路径条目查找器在某种意义上说是基于路径的查找器的实现细节，实际上，如果需要从 :data:`sys.meta_path` " +"移除基于路径的查找器，并不会有任何路径条目查找器被唤起。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:683 +msgid "Path entry finders" +msgstr "路径条目查找器" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:691 +msgid "" +"The :term:`path based finder` is responsible for finding and loading Python " +"modules and packages whose location is specified with a string :term:`path " +"entry`. Most path entries name locations in the file system, but they need " +"not be limited to this." +msgstr "" +":term:`path based finder` 会负责查找和加载通过 :term:`path entry` 字符串来指定位置的 Python " +"模块和包。 多数路径条目所指定的是文件系统中的位置，但它们并不必受限于此。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:696 +msgid "" +"As a meta path finder, the :term:`path based finder` implements the " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` protocol previously " +"described, however it exposes additional hooks that can be used to customize" +" how modules are found and loaded from the :term:`import path`." +msgstr "" +"作为一种元路径查找器，:term:`path based finder` 实现了上文描述的 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` " +"协议，但是它还对外公开了一些附加钩子，可被用来定制模块如何从 :term:`import path` 查找和加载。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:701 +msgid "" +"Three variables are used by the :term:`path based finder`, :data:`sys.path`," +" :data:`sys.path_hooks` and :data:`sys.path_importer_cache`. The " +"``__path__`` attributes on package objects are also used. These provide " +"additional ways that the import machinery can be customized." +msgstr "" +"有三个变量由 :term:`path based finder`, :data:`sys.path`, :data:`sys.path_hooks` 和" +" :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 所使用。 包对象的 ``__path__`` 属性也会被使用。 " +"它们提供了可用于定制导入机制的额外方式。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:706 +msgid "" +":data:`sys.path` contains a list of strings providing search locations for " +"modules and packages. It is initialized from the :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` " +"environment variable and various other installation- and implementation-" +"specific defaults. Entries in :data:`sys.path` can name directories on the " +"file system, zip files, and potentially other \"locations\" (see the " +":mod:`site` module) that should be searched for modules, such as URLs, or " +"database queries. Only strings should be present on :data:`sys.path`; all " +"other data types are ignored." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.path` 包含一个提供模块和包搜索位置的字符串列表。 它初始化自 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` " +"环境变量以及多种其他特定安装和实现专属的默认位置。 :data:`sys.path` 中的条目可指定文件系统中的目录、zip " +"文件及其他可用于搜索模块的潜在“位置“（参见 :mod:`site` 模块），例如 URL 或数据库查询等。 在 :data:`sys.path` " +"中应当只有字符串；所有其他数据类型都会被忽略。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:715 +msgid "" +"The :term:`path based finder` is a :term:`meta path finder`, so the import " +"machinery begins the :term:`import path` search by calling the path based " +"finder's :meth:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` method as " +"described previously. When the ``path`` argument to " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` is given, it will be a " +"list of string paths to traverse - typically a package's ``__path__`` " +"attribute for an import within that package. If the ``path`` argument is " +"``None``, this indicates a top level import and :data:`sys.path` is used." +msgstr "" +":term:`path based finder` 是一种 :term:`meta path " +"finder`，因此导入机制会通过调用上文描述的基于路径的查找器的 " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` 方法来启动 :term:`import path` " +"搜索。 当要向 :meth:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` 传入 ``path`` " +"参数时，它将是一个可遍历的字符串列表 —— 通常为用来在其内部进行导入的包的 ``__path__`` 属性。 如果 ``path`` 参数为 " +"``None``，这表示最高层级的导入，将会使用 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:724 +msgid "" +"The path based finder iterates over every entry in the search path, and for " +"each of these, looks for an appropriate :term:`path entry finder` " +"(:class:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder`) for the path entry. Because this " +"can be an expensive operation (e.g. there may be ``stat()`` call overheads " +"for this search), the path based finder maintains a cache mapping path " +"entries to path entry finders. This cache is maintained in " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` (despite the name, this cache actually " +"stores finder objects rather than being limited to :term:`importer` " +"objects). In this way, the expensive search for a particular :term:`path " +"entry` location's :term:`path entry finder` need only be done once. User " +"code is free to remove cache entries from :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` " +"forcing the path based finder to perform the path entry search again." +msgstr "" +"基于路径的查找器会迭代搜索路径中的每个条目，并且每次都查找与路径条目对应的 :term:`path entry finder` " +"(:class:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder`)。 因为这种操作可能很耗费资源 (例如搜索会有 ``stat()`` " +"调用的开销)，基于路径的查找器会维持一个将路径条目映射到路径条目查找器的缓存。 这个缓存是在 " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 中维护的 (尽管如此命名，但这个缓存实际存放的是查找器对象而非仅限于 " +":term:`importer` 对象)。 通过这种方式，对特定 :term:`path entry` 位置的 :term:`path entry " +"finder` 的高耗费搜索只需进行一次。 用户代码可以自由地从 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` " +"移除缓存条目以强制基于路径的查找器再次执行路径条目搜索。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:737 +msgid "" +"If the path entry is not present in the cache, the path based finder " +"iterates over every callable in :data:`sys.path_hooks`. Each of the " +":term:`path entry hooks ` in this list is called with a " +"single argument, the path entry to be searched. This callable may either " +"return a :term:`path entry finder` that can handle the path entry, or it may" +" raise :exc:`ImportError`. An :exc:`ImportError` is used by the path based " +"finder to signal that the hook cannot find a :term:`path entry finder` for " +"that :term:`path entry`. The exception is ignored and :term:`import path` " +"iteration continues. The hook should expect either a string or bytes " +"object; the encoding of bytes objects is up to the hook (e.g. it may be a " +"file system encoding, UTF-8, or something else), and if the hook cannot " +"decode the argument, it should raise :exc:`ImportError`." +msgstr "" +"如果路径条目不存在于缓存中，基于路径的查找器会迭代 :data:`sys.path_hooks` 中的每个可调用对象。 对此列表中的每个 " +":term:`路径条目钩子 ` 的调用会带有一个参数，即要搜索的路径条目。 每个可调用对象或是返回可处理路径条目的 " +":term:`path entry finder`，或是引发 :exc:`ImportError`。 基于路径的查找器使用 " +":exc:`ImportError` 来表示钩子无法找到与 :term:`path entry` 相对应的 :term:`path entry " +"finder`。 该异常会被忽略并继续进行 :term:`import path` 的迭代。 " +"每个钩子应该期待接收一个字符串或字节串对象；字节串对象的编码由钩子决定（例如可以是文件系统使用的编码 UTF-8 " +"或其它编码），如果钩子无法解码参数，它应该引发 :exc:`ImportError`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:751 +msgid "" +"If :data:`sys.path_hooks` iteration ends with no :term:`path entry finder` " +"being returned, then the path based finder's " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` method will store ``None``" +" in :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` (to indicate that there is no finder for" +" this path entry) and return ``None``, indicating that this :term:`meta path" +" finder` could not find the module." +msgstr "" +"如果 :data:`sys.path_hooks` 迭代结束时没有返回 :term:`path entry finder`，则基于路径的查找器 " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` 方法将在 " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 中存入 ``None`` (表示此路径条目没有对应的查找器) 并返回 " +"``None``，表示此 :term:`meta path finder` 无法找到该模块。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:758 +msgid "" +"If a :term:`path entry finder` *is* returned by one of the :term:`path entry" +" hook` callables on :data:`sys.path_hooks`, then the following protocol is " +"used to ask the finder for a module spec, which is then used when loading " +"the module." +msgstr "" +"如果 :data:`sys.path_hooks` 中的某个 :term:`path entry hook` 可调用对象的返回值 *是* 一个 " +":term:`path entry finder`，则以下协议会被用来向查找器请求一个模块的规格说明，并在加载该模块时被使用。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:763 +msgid "" +"The current working directory -- denoted by an empty string -- is handled " +"slightly differently from other entries on :data:`sys.path`. First, if the " +"current working directory is found to not exist, no value is stored in " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache`. Second, the value for the current working " +"directory is looked up fresh for each module lookup. Third, the path used " +"for :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` and returned by " +":meth:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` will be the actual current " +"working directory and not the empty string." +msgstr "" +"当前工作目录 -- 由一个空字符串表示 -- 的处理方式与 :data:`sys.path` 中的其他条目略有不同。 " +"首先，如果发现当前工作目录不存在，则 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 中不会存放任何值。 " +"其次，每个模块查找会对当前工作目录的值进行全新查找。 第三，由 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 所使用并由 " +":meth:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` 所返回的路径将是实际的当前工作目录而非空字符串。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:773 +msgid "Path entry finder protocol" +msgstr "路径条目查找器协议" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:775 +msgid "" +"In order to support imports of modules and initialized packages and also to " +"contribute portions to namespace packages, path entry finders must implement" +" the :meth:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` method." +msgstr "" +"为了支持模块和已初始化包的导入，也为了给命名空间包提供组成部分，路径条目查找器必须实现 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` 方法。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:779 +msgid "" +":meth:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` takes two arguments: the " +"fully qualified name of the module being imported, and the (optional) target" +" module. ``find_spec()`` returns a fully populated spec for the module. " +"This spec will always have \"loader\" set (with one exception)." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` " +"接受两个参数，即要导入模块的完整限定名称，以及（可选的）目标模块。 ``find_spec()`` 返回模块的完全填充好的规格说明。 " +"这个规格说明总是包含“加载器”集合（但有一个例外）。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:784 +msgid "" +"To indicate to the import machinery that the spec represents a namespace " +":term:`portion`, the path entry finder sets ``submodule_search_locations`` " +"to a list containing the portion." +msgstr "" +"为了向导入机制提示该规格说明代表一个命名空间 :term:`portion`，路径条目查找器会将 " +"``submodule_search_locations`` 设为一个包含该部分的列表。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:788 +msgid "" +":meth:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` replaced " +":meth:`!find_loader` and :meth:`!find_module`, both of which are now " +"deprecated, but will be used if ``find_spec()`` is not defined." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` 替代了 :meth:`!find_loader` 和 " +":meth:`!find_module`，这两者现在都已被弃用，但会在 ``find_spec()`` 未定义时被使用。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Older path entry finders may implement one of these two deprecated methods " +"instead of ``find_spec()``. The methods are still respected for the sake of" +" backward compatibility. However, if ``find_spec()`` is implemented on the " +"path entry finder, the legacy methods are ignored." +msgstr "" +"较旧的路径条目查找器可能会实现这两个已弃用的方法中的一个而没有实现 ``find_spec()``。 为保持向后兼容，这两个方法仍会被接受。 " +"但是，如果在路径条目查找器上实现了 ``find_spec()``，这两个遗留方法就会被忽略。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:799 +msgid "" +":meth:`!find_loader` takes one argument, the fully qualified name of the " +"module being imported. ``find_loader()`` returns a 2-tuple where the first " +"item is the loader and the second item is a namespace :term:`portion`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!find_loader` 接受一个参数，即要导入模块的完整限定名称。 ``find_loader()`` 返回一个 2 " +"元组，其中第一项是加载器而第二项是命名空间 :term:`portion`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:804 +msgid "" +"For backwards compatibility with other implementations of the import " +"protocol, many path entry finders also support the same, traditional " +"``find_module()`` method that meta path finders support. However path entry " +"finder ``find_module()`` methods are never called with a ``path`` argument " +"(they are expected to record the appropriate path information from the " +"initial call to the path hook)." +msgstr "" +"为了向后兼容其他导入协议的实现，许多路径条目查找器也同样支持元路径查找器所支持的传统 ``find_module()`` 方法。 但是路径条目查找器 " +"``find_module()`` 方法的调用绝不会带有 ``path`` 参数（它们被期望记录来自对路径钩子初始调用的恰当路径信息）。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:811 +msgid "" +"The ``find_module()`` method on path entry finders is deprecated, as it does" +" not allow the path entry finder to contribute portions to namespace " +"packages. If both ``find_loader()`` and ``find_module()`` exist on a path " +"entry finder, the import system will always call ``find_loader()`` in " +"preference to ``find_module()``." +msgstr "" +"路径条目查找器的 ``find_module()`` 方法已弃用，因为它不允许路径条目查找器为命名空间包提供部分。 如果 " +"``find_loader()`` 和 ``find_module()`` 同时存在于一个路径条目查找器中，导入系统将总是调用 " +"``find_loader()`` 而不选择 ``find_module()``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:817 +msgid "" +"Calls to :meth:`!find_module` and :meth:`!find_loader` by the import system " +"will raise :exc:`ImportWarning`." +msgstr "" +"导入系统对 :meth:`!find_module` 和 :meth:`!find_loader` 的调用将引发 " +":exc:`ImportWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:822 +msgid "``find_module()`` and ``find_loader()`` have been removed." +msgstr "``find_module()`` 和 ``find_loader()`` 已被移除。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:827 +msgid "Replacing the standard import system" +msgstr "替换标准导入系统" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:829 +msgid "" +"The most reliable mechanism for replacing the entire import system is to " +"delete the default contents of :data:`sys.meta_path`, replacing them " +"entirely with a custom meta path hook." +msgstr "替换整个导入系统的最可靠机制是移除 :data:`sys.meta_path` 的默认内容，,将其完全替换为自定义的元路径钩子。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:833 +msgid "" +"If it is acceptable to only alter the behaviour of import statements without" +" affecting other APIs that access the import system, then replacing the " +"builtin :func:`__import__` function may be sufficient. This technique may " +"also be employed at the module level to only alter the behaviour of import " +"statements within that module." +msgstr "" +"一个可行的方式是仅改变导入语句的行为而不影响访问导入系统的其他 API，那么替换内置的 :func:`__import__` 函数可能就够了。 " +"这种技巧也可以在模块层级上运用，即只在某个模块内部改变导入语句的行为。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:839 +msgid "" +"To selectively prevent the import of some modules from a hook early on the " +"meta path (rather than disabling the standard import system entirely), it is" +" sufficient to raise :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` directly from " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` instead of returning " +"``None``. The latter indicates that the meta path search should continue, " +"while raising an exception terminates it immediately." +msgstr "" +"想要选择性地预先防止在元路径上从一个钩子导入某些模块（而不是完全禁用标准导入系统），只需直接从 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 引发 " +":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` 而非返回 ``None`` 就足够了。 " +"返回后者表示元路径搜索应当继续，而引发异常则会立即终止搜索。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:849 +msgid "Package Relative Imports" +msgstr "包相对导入" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:851 +msgid "" +"Relative imports use leading dots. A single leading dot indicates a relative" +" import, starting with the current package. Two or more leading dots " +"indicate a relative import to the parent(s) of the current package, one " +"level per dot after the first. For example, given the following package " +"layout::" +msgstr "" +"相对导入使用前缀点号。 一个前缀点号表示相对导入从当前包开始。 两个或更多前缀点号表示对当前包的上级包的相对导入，第一个点号之后的每个点号代表一级。 " +"例如，给定以下的包布局结构::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:856 +msgid "" +"package/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" subpackage1/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" moduleX.py\n" +" moduleY.py\n" +" subpackage2/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" moduleZ.py\n" +" moduleA.py" +msgstr "" +"package/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" subpackage1/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" moduleX.py\n" +" moduleY.py\n" +" subpackage2/\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" moduleZ.py\n" +" moduleA.py" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:867 +msgid "" +"In either ``subpackage1/moduleX.py`` or ``subpackage1/__init__.py``, the " +"following are valid relative imports::" +msgstr "" +"不论是在 ``subpackage1/moduleX.py`` 还是 ``subpackage1/__init__.py`` 中，以下导入都是有效的::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:870 +msgid "" +"from .moduleY import spam\n" +"from .moduleY import spam as ham\n" +"from . import moduleY\n" +"from ..subpackage1 import moduleY\n" +"from ..subpackage2.moduleZ import eggs\n" +"from ..moduleA import foo" +msgstr "" +"from .moduleY import spam\n" +"from .moduleY import spam as ham\n" +"from . import moduleY\n" +"from ..subpackage1 import moduleY\n" +"from ..subpackage2.moduleZ import eggs\n" +"from ..moduleA import foo" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:877 +msgid "" +"Absolute imports may use either the ``import <>`` or ``from <> import <>`` " +"syntax, but relative imports may only use the second form; the reason for " +"this is that::" +msgstr "" +"绝对导入可以使用 ``import <>`` 或 ``from <> import <>`` 语法，但相对导入只能使用第二种形式；其中的原因在于::" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:881 +msgid "import XXX.YYY.ZZZ" +msgstr "import XXX.YYY.ZZZ" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:883 +msgid "" +"should expose ``XXX.YYY.ZZZ`` as a usable expression, but .moduleY is not a " +"valid expression." +msgstr "应当提供 ``XXX.YYY.ZZZ`` 作为可用表达式，但 .moduleY 不是一个有效的表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:890 +msgid "Special considerations for __main__" +msgstr "有关 __main__ 的特殊事项" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:892 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`__main__` module is a special case relative to Python's import " +"system. As noted :ref:`elsewhere `, the ``__main__`` module is " +"directly initialized at interpreter startup, much like :mod:`sys` and " +":mod:`builtins`. However, unlike those two, it doesn't strictly qualify as " +"a built-in module. This is because the manner in which ``__main__`` is " +"initialized depends on the flags and other options with which the " +"interpreter is invoked." +msgstr "" +"对于 Python 的导入系统来说 :mod:`__main__` 模块是一个特殊情况。 正如在 :ref:`另一节 ` " +"中所述，``__main__`` 模块是在解释器启动时直接初始化的，与 :mod:`sys` 和 :mod:`builtins` 很类似。 " +"但是，与那两者不同，它并不被严格归类为内置模块。 这是因为 ``__main__`` 被初始化的方式依赖于唤起解释器所附带的旗标和其他选项。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:903 +msgid "__main__.__spec__" +msgstr "__main__.__spec__" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:905 +msgid "" +"Depending on how :mod:`__main__` is initialized, ``__main__.__spec__`` gets " +"set appropriately or to ``None``." +msgstr "根据 :mod:`__main__` 被初始化的方式，``__main__.__spec__`` 会被设置相应值或是 ``None``。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:908 +msgid "" +"When Python is started with the :option:`-m` option, ``__spec__`` is set to " +"the module spec of the corresponding module or package. ``__spec__`` is also" +" populated when the ``__main__`` module is loaded as part of executing a " +"directory, zipfile or other :data:`sys.path` entry." +msgstr "" +"当 Python 附加 :option:`-m` 选项启动时，``__spec__`` 会被设为相应模块或包的模块规格说明。 ``__spec__`` " +"也会在 ``__main__`` 模块作为执行某个目录，zip 文件或其它 :data:`sys.path` 条目的一部分加载时被填充。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:913 +msgid "" +"In :ref:`the remaining cases ` " +"``__main__.__spec__`` is set to ``None``, as the code used to populate the " +":mod:`__main__` does not correspond directly with an importable module:" +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`其余的情况 ` 下 ``__main__.__spec__`` 会被设为 " +"``None``，因为用于填充 :mod:`__main__` 的代码不直接与可导入的模块相对应:" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:917 +msgid "interactive prompt" +msgstr "交互型提示" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:918 +msgid ":option:`-c` option" +msgstr ":option:`-c` 选项" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:919 +msgid "running from stdin" +msgstr "从 stdin 运行" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:920 +msgid "running directly from a source or bytecode file" +msgstr "直接从源码或字节码文件运行" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:922 +msgid "" +"Note that ``__main__.__spec__`` is always ``None`` in the last case, *even " +"if* the file could technically be imported directly as a module instead. Use" +" the :option:`-m` switch if valid module metadata is desired in " +":mod:`__main__`." +msgstr "" +"请注意在最后一种情况中 ``__main__.__spec__`` 总是为 ``None``，*即使* 文件从技术上说可以作为一个模块被导入。 " +"如果想要让 :mod:`__main__` 中的元数据生效，请使用 :option:`-m` 开关。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:927 +msgid "" +"Note also that even when ``__main__`` corresponds with an importable module " +"and ``__main__.__spec__`` is set accordingly, they're still considered " +"*distinct* modules. This is due to the fact that blocks guarded by ``if " +"__name__ == \"__main__\":`` checks only execute when the module is used to " +"populate the ``__main__`` namespace, and not during normal import." +msgstr "" +"还要注意即使是在 ``__main__`` 对应于一个可导入模块且 ``__main__.__spec__`` 被相应地设定时，它们仍会被视为 " +"*不同的* 模块。 这是由于以下事实：使用 ``if __name__ == \"__main__\":`` 检测来保护的代码块仅会在模块被用来填充 " +"``__main__`` 命名空间时而非普通的导入时被执行。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:935 +msgid "References" +msgstr "参考文献" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:937 +msgid "" +"The import machinery has evolved considerably since Python's early days. " +"The original `specification for packages " +"`_ is still available to read, " +"although some details have changed since the writing of that document." +msgstr "" +"导入机制自 Python 诞生之初至今已发生了很大的变化。 原始的 `包规格说明 " +"`_ 仍然可以查阅，但在撰写该文档之后许多相关细节已被修改。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:942 +msgid "" +"The original specification for :data:`sys.meta_path` was :pep:`302`, with " +"subsequent extension in :pep:`420`." +msgstr "原始的 :data:`sys.meta_path` 规格说明见 :pep:`302`，后续的扩展说明见 :pep:`420`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:945 +msgid "" +":pep:`420` introduced :term:`namespace packages ` for " +"Python 3.3. :pep:`420` also introduced the :meth:`!find_loader` protocol as" +" an alternative to :meth:`!find_module`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`420` 为 Python 3.3 引入了 :term:`命名空间包 `。 :pep:`420` " +"还引入了 :meth:`!find_loader` 协议作为 :meth:`!find_module` 的替代。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:949 +msgid "" +":pep:`366` describes the addition of the ``__package__`` attribute for " +"explicit relative imports in main modules." +msgstr ":pep:`366` 描述了新增的 ``__package__`` 属性，用于在模块中的显式相对导入。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:952 +msgid "" +":pep:`328` introduced absolute and explicit relative imports and initially " +"proposed ``__name__`` for semantics :pep:`366` would eventually specify for " +"``__package__``." +msgstr "" +":pep:`328` 引入了绝对和显式相对导入，并初次提出了 ``__name__`` 语义，最终由 :pep:`366` 为 " +"``__package__`` 加入规范描述。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:956 +msgid ":pep:`338` defines executing modules as scripts." +msgstr ":pep:`338` 定义了将模块作为脚本执行。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:958 +msgid "" +":pep:`451` adds the encapsulation of per-module import state in spec " +"objects. It also off-loads most of the boilerplate responsibilities of " +"loaders back onto the import machinery. These changes allow the deprecation" +" of several APIs in the import system and also addition of new methods to " +"finders and loaders." +msgstr "" +":pep:`451` 在 spec 对象中增加了对每个模块导入状态的封装。 它还将加载器的大部分样板责任移交回导入机制中。 " +"这些改变允许弃用导入系统中的一些 API 并为查找器和加载器增加一些新的方法。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:965 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:966 +msgid "See :class:`types.ModuleType`." +msgstr "参见 :class:`types.ModuleType`。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:968 +msgid "" +"The importlib implementation avoids using the return value directly. " +"Instead, it gets the module object by looking the module name up in " +":data:`sys.modules`. The indirect effect of this is that an imported module" +" may replace itself in :data:`sys.modules`. This is implementation-specific" +" behavior that is not guaranteed to work in other Python implementations." +msgstr "" +"importlib 实现避免直接使用返回值。 而是通过在 :data:`sys.modules` 中查找模块名称来获取模块对象。 " +"这种方式的间接影响是被导入的模块可能在 :data:`sys.modules` 中替换其自身。 这属于具体实现的特定行为，不保证能在其他 Python " +"实现中起作用。" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:8 +msgid "import machinery" +msgstr "导入机制" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:64 ../../reference/import.rst:95 +#: ../../reference/import.rst:129 +msgid "package" +msgstr "包" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:95 +msgid "regular" +msgstr "常规" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:129 +msgid "namespace" +msgstr "namespace -- 命名空间" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:129 +msgid "portion" +msgstr "portion -- 部分" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:175 +msgid "sys.modules" +msgstr "sys.modules" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:210 ../../reference/import.rst:276 +msgid "finder" +msgstr "finder -- 查找器" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:210 +msgid "loader" +msgstr "loader -- 加载器" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:210 +msgid "module spec" +msgstr "module spec -- 模块规格" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:249 +msgid "import hooks" +msgstr "导入钩子" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:249 +msgid "meta hooks" +msgstr "元钩子" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:249 +msgid "path hooks" +msgstr "路径钩子" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:249 +msgid "hooks" +msgstr "钩子" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:249 +msgid "import" +msgstr "import" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:249 +msgid "meta" +msgstr "元数据" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:249 +msgid "path" +msgstr "path" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:276 +msgid "sys.meta_path" +msgstr "sys.meta_path" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:276 +msgid "find_spec" +msgstr "find_spec" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:636 +msgid "path based finder" +msgstr "path based finder -- 基于路径的查找器" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:685 +msgid "sys.path" +msgstr "sys.path" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:685 +msgid "sys.path_hooks" +msgstr "sys.path_hooks" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:685 +msgid "sys.path_importer_cache" +msgstr "sys.path_importer_cache" + +#: ../../reference/import.rst:685 +msgid "PYTHONPATH" +msgstr "PYTHONPATH" diff --git a/reference/index.po b/reference/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e427df27f --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/index.rst:5 +msgid "The Python Language Reference" +msgstr "Python 语言参考手册" + +#: ../../reference/index.rst:7 +msgid "" +"This reference manual describes the syntax and \"core semantics\" of the " +"language. It is terse, but attempts to be exact and complete. The semantics " +"of non-essential built-in object types and of the built-in functions and " +"modules are described in :ref:`library-index`. For an informal introduction " +"to the language, see :ref:`tutorial-index`. For C or C++ programmers, two " +"additional manuals exist: :ref:`extending-index` describes the high-level " +"picture of how to write a Python extension module, and the :ref:`c-api-" +"index` describes the interfaces available to C/C++ programmers in detail." +msgstr "" +"本参考手册介绍了 Python 句法与“核心语义”。在力求简明扼要的同时，我们也尽量做到准确、完整。有关内置对象类型、内置函数、模块的语义在 " +":ref:`library-index` 中介绍。有关本语言的非正式介绍，请参阅 :ref:`tutorial-index` 。对于 C 或 C++ " +"程序员，我们还提供了两个手册：:ref:`extending-index` 介绍了如何编写 Python 扩展模块，:ref:`c-api-index`" +" 则详细介绍了 C/C++ 的可用接口。" diff --git a/reference/introduction.po b/reference/introduction.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7dd1f66c --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/introduction.po @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:6 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:8 +msgid "" +"This reference manual describes the Python programming language. It is not " +"intended as a tutorial." +msgstr "本手册仅描述 Python 编程语言，不宜当作教程。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:11 +msgid "" +"While I am trying to be as precise as possible, I chose to use English " +"rather than formal specifications for everything except syntax and lexical " +"analysis. This should make the document more understandable to the average " +"reader, but will leave room for ambiguities. Consequently, if you were " +"coming from Mars and tried to re-implement Python from this document alone, " +"you might have to guess things and in fact you would probably end up " +"implementing quite a different language. On the other hand, if you are using" +" Python and wonder what the precise rules about a particular area of the " +"language are, you should definitely be able to find them here. If you would " +"like to see a more formal definition of the language, maybe you could " +"volunteer your time --- or invent a cloning machine :-)." +msgstr "" +"我希望尽可能地保证内容精确无误，但还是选择使用自然词句进行描述，正式的规格定义仅用于句法和词法解析。这样应该能使文档对于普通人来说更易理解，但也可能导致一些歧义。因此，如果你是来自火星并且想凭借这份文档把" +" Python 重新实现一遍，也许有时需要自行猜测，实际上最终大概会得到一个十分不同的语言。而在另一方面，如果你正在使用 Python " +"并且想了解有关该语言特定领域的精确规则，你应该能够在这里找到它们。如果你希望查看对该语言更正式的定义，也许你可以花些时间自己写上一份 --- " +"或者发明一台克隆机器 :-)" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:23 +msgid "" +"It is dangerous to add too many implementation details to a language " +"reference document --- the implementation may change, and other " +"implementations of the same language may work differently. On the other " +"hand, CPython is the one Python implementation in widespread use (although " +"alternate implementations continue to gain support), and its particular " +"quirks are sometimes worth being mentioned, especially where the " +"implementation imposes additional limitations. Therefore, you'll find short " +"\"implementation notes\" sprinkled throughout the text." +msgstr "" +"在语言参考文档里加入过多的实现细节是很危险的 --- 具体实现可能发生改变，对同一语言的其他实现可能使用不同的方式。而在另一方面，CPython " +"是得到广泛使用的 Python 实现 " +"(然而其他一些实现的拥护者也在增加)，其中的特殊细节有时也值得一提，特别是当其实现方式导致额外的限制时。因此，你会发现在正文里不时会跳出来一些简短的 " +"\"实现注释\"。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Every Python implementation comes with a number of built-in and standard " +"modules. These are documented in :ref:`library-index`. A few built-in " +"modules are mentioned when they interact in a significant way with the " +"language definition." +msgstr "" +"每种 Python 实现都带有一些内置和标准的模块。相关的文档可参见 :ref:`library-index` " +"索引。少数内置模块也会在此提及，如果它们同语言描述存在明显的关联。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:41 +msgid "Alternate Implementations" +msgstr "其他实现" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Though there is one Python implementation which is by far the most popular, " +"there are some alternate implementations which are of particular interest to" +" different audiences." +msgstr "虽然官方 Python 实现差不多得到最广泛的欢迎，但也有一些其他实现对特定领域的用户来说更具吸引力。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:47 +msgid "Known implementations include:" +msgstr "知名的实现包括:" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:49 +msgid "CPython" +msgstr "CPython" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:50 +msgid "" +"This is the original and most-maintained implementation of Python, written " +"in C. New language features generally appear here first." +msgstr "这是最早出现并持续维护的 Python 实现，以 C 语言编写。新的语言特性通常在此率先添加。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:53 +msgid "Jython" +msgstr "Jython" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Python implemented in Java. This implementation can be used as a scripting " +"language for Java applications, or can be used to create applications using " +"the Java class libraries. It is also often used to create tests for Java " +"libraries. More information can be found at `the Jython website " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"以 Java 语言编写的 Python 实现。 此实现可以作为 Java 应用的一个脚本语言，或者可以用来创建需要 Java 类库支持的应用。 " +"想了解更多信息请访问 `Jython 网站 `_。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:59 +msgid "Python for .NET" +msgstr "Python for .NET" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:60 +msgid "" +"This implementation actually uses the CPython implementation, but is a " +"managed .NET application and makes .NET libraries available. It was created" +" by Brian Lloyd. For more information, see the `Python for .NET home page " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"此实现实际上使用了 CPython 实现，但是属于 .NET 托管应用并且可以引入 .NET 类库。它的创造者是 Brian " +"Lloyd。想了解详情可访问 `Python for .NET 主页 `_。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:65 +msgid "IronPython" +msgstr "IronPython" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:66 +msgid "" +"An alternate Python for .NET. Unlike Python.NET, this is a complete Python " +"implementation that generates IL, and compiles Python code directly to .NET " +"assemblies. It was created by Jim Hugunin, the original creator of Jython." +" For more information, see `the IronPython website " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"另一个 .NET 版 Python 实现，不同于 Python.NET，这是一个生成 IL 的完整 Python 实现，并会将 Python " +"代码直接编译为 .NET 程序集。 它的创造者就是当初创造 Jython 的 Jim Hugunin。 想了解更多信息，请参看 `IronPython " +"网站 `_。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:71 +msgid "PyPy" +msgstr "PyPy" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:72 +msgid "" +"An implementation of Python written completely in Python. It supports " +"several advanced features not found in other implementations like stackless " +"support and a Just in Time compiler. One of the goals of the project is to " +"encourage experimentation with the language itself by making it easier to " +"modify the interpreter (since it is written in Python). Additional " +"information is available on `the PyPy project's home page " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"一个完全使用 Python 语言编写的 Python 实现。 它支持多个其他实现所没有的高级特性，例如非栈式支持和实时编译器等。 " +"此项目的目标之一是通过允许方便地修改解释器（因为它是用 Python 编写的）来鼓励对语言本身的试验。 更多信息可在 `PyPy 项目主页 " +"`_ 获取。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Each of these implementations varies in some way from the language as " +"documented in this manual, or introduces specific information beyond what's " +"covered in the standard Python documentation. Please refer to the " +"implementation-specific documentation to determine what else you need to " +"know about the specific implementation you're using." +msgstr "" +"以上这些实现都可能在某些方面与此参考文档手册的描述有所差异，或是引入了超出标准 Python " +"文档范围的特定信息。请参考它们各自的专门文档，以确定你正在使用的这个实现有哪些你需要了解的东西。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:89 +msgid "Notation" +msgstr "标注" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The descriptions of lexical analysis and syntax use a modified `Backus–Naur " +"form (BNF) `_ " +"grammar notation. This uses the following style of definition:" +msgstr "" +"句法和词法分析的描述采用经过改进的 `Backus–Naur form (BNF) " +"`_ 语法标注。 这将使用以下定义样式:" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The first line says that a ``name`` is an ``lc_letter`` followed by a " +"sequence of zero or more ``lc_letter``\\ s and underscores. An " +"``lc_letter`` in turn is any of the single characters ``'a'`` through " +"``'z'``. (This rule is actually adhered to for the names defined in lexical" +" and grammar rules in this document.)" +msgstr "" +"第一行表示 ``name`` 是 ``lc_letter`` 之后跟零个或多个 ``lc_letter`` 和下划线。而 ``lc_letter`` " +"则是任意单个 ``'a'`` 至 ``'z'`` 字符。(实际上在本文档中始终采用此规则来定义词法和语法规则的名称。)" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Each rule begins with a name (which is the name defined by the rule) and " +"``::=``. A vertical bar (``|``) is used to separate alternatives; it is the" +" least binding operator in this notation. A star (``*``) means zero or more" +" repetitions of the preceding item; likewise, a plus (``+``) means one or " +"more repetitions, and a phrase enclosed in square brackets (``[ ]``) means " +"zero or one occurrences (in other words, the enclosed phrase is optional). " +"The ``*`` and ``+`` operators bind as tightly as possible; parentheses are " +"used for grouping. Literal strings are enclosed in quotes. White space is " +"only meaningful to separate tokens. Rules are normally contained on a single" +" line; rules with many alternatives may be formatted alternatively with each" +" line after the first beginning with a vertical bar." +msgstr "" +"每条规则的开头是一个名称 (即该规则所定义的名称) 加上 ``::=``。 竖线 (``|``) 被用来分隔可选项，它是此标注中绑定程度最低的操作符。 " +"星号 (``*``) 表示前一项的零次或多次重复，类似地，加号 (``+``) 表示一次或多次重复，而由方括号括起的内容 (``[ ]``) " +"表示出现零次或一次 (或者说，这部分内容是可选的)。 ``*`` 和 ``+`` 操作符的绑定是最紧密的，圆括号用于分组。 字符串字面值包含在引号内。 " +"空格的作用仅限于分隔形符。 每条规则通常为一行，有许多个可选项的规则可能会以竖线为界分为多行。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:120 +msgid "" +"In lexical definitions (as the example above), two more conventions are " +"used: Two literal characters separated by three dots mean a choice of any " +"single character in the given (inclusive) range of ASCII characters. A " +"phrase between angular brackets (``<...>``) gives an informal description of" +" the symbol defined; e.g., this could be used to describe the notion of " +"'control character' if needed." +msgstr "" +"在词法定义中 (如上述示例)，还额外使用了两个约定: 由三个点号分隔的两个字符字面值表示在指定 (闭) 区间范围内的任意单个 ASCII 字符。由尖括号" +" (``<...>``) 括起来的内容是对于所定义符号的非正式描述；即可以在必要时用来说明 '控制字符' 的意图。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Even though the notation used is almost the same, there is a big difference " +"between the meaning of lexical and syntactic definitions: a lexical " +"definition operates on the individual characters of the input source, while " +"a syntax definition operates on the stream of tokens generated by the " +"lexical analysis. All uses of BNF in the next chapter (\"Lexical Analysis\")" +" are lexical definitions; uses in subsequent chapters are syntactic " +"definitions." +msgstr "" +"虽然所用的标注方式几乎相同，但是词法定义和句法定义是存在很大区别的: " +"词法定义作用于输入源中单独的字符，而句法定义则作用于由词法分析所生成的形符流。在下一章节 (\"词法分析\") 中使用的 BNF " +"全部都是词法定义；在之后的章节中使用的则是句法定义。" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:91 +msgid "BNF" +msgstr "BNF" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:91 +msgid "grammar" +msgstr "语法" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:91 +msgid "syntax" +msgstr "句法" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:91 +msgid "notation" +msgstr "标注" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:118 +msgid "lexical definitions" +msgstr "语言定义" + +#: ../../reference/introduction.rst:118 +msgid "ASCII" +msgstr "ASCII" diff --git a/reference/lexical_analysis.po b/reference/lexical_analysis.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6776b1a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/lexical_analysis.po @@ -0,0 +1,1997 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2022 +# sgqy , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:6 +msgid "Lexical analysis" +msgstr "词法分析" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:10 +msgid "" +"A Python program is read by a *parser*. Input to the parser is a stream of " +":term:`tokens `, generated by the *lexical analyzer* (also known as " +"the *tokenizer*). This chapter describes how the lexical analyzer breaks a " +"file into tokens." +msgstr "" +"Python 程序将由 *解析器* 来读取。 输入解析器的是 :term:`词元 ` 流，它是由 *词法分析器* (或称 *分词器*) " +"生成的。 本章将介绍词法分析器是怎样把文件拆分为词元的。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Python reads program text as Unicode code points; the encoding of a source " +"file can be given by an encoding declaration and defaults to UTF-8, see " +":pep:`3120` for details. If the source file cannot be decoded, a " +":exc:`SyntaxError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"Python 将读取的程序文本转为 Unicode 代码点；编码声明用于指定源文件的编码，默认为 UTF-8，详见 " +":pep:`3120`。源文件不能解码时，触发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:24 +msgid "Line structure" +msgstr "行结构" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:28 +msgid "A Python program is divided into a number of *logical lines*." +msgstr "Python 程序可以拆分为多个 *逻辑行*。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:34 +msgid "Logical lines" +msgstr "逻辑行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The end of a logical line is represented by the token NEWLINE. Statements " +"cannot cross logical line boundaries except where NEWLINE is allowed by the " +"syntax (e.g., between statements in compound statements). A logical line is " +"constructed from one or more *physical lines* by following the explicit or " +"implicit *line joining* rules." +msgstr "" +"NEWLINE 形符表示结束逻辑行。语句不能超出逻辑行的边界，除非句法支持 NEWLINE （例如，复合语句中的多行子语句）。根据显式或隐式 *行拼接*" +" 规则，一个或多个 *物理行* 可组成逻辑行。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:48 +msgid "Physical lines" +msgstr "物理行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:50 +msgid "" +"A physical line is a sequence of characters terminated by an end-of-line " +"sequence. In source files and strings, any of the standard platform line " +"termination sequences can be used - the Unix form using ASCII LF (linefeed)," +" the Windows form using the ASCII sequence CR LF (return followed by " +"linefeed), or the old Macintosh form using the ASCII CR (return) character." +" All of these forms can be used equally, regardless of platform. The end of" +" input also serves as an implicit terminator for the final physical line." +msgstr "" +"物理行是一序列字符，由行尾序列终止。源文件和字符串可使用任意标准平台行终止序列 - Unix ASCII 字符 LF （换行）、 Windows " +"ASCII 字符序列 CR LF （回车换行）、或老式 Macintosh ASCII 字符 CR " +"（回车）。不管在哪个平台，这些形式均可等价使用。输入结束也可以用作最终物理行的隐式终止符。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:58 +msgid "" +"When embedding Python, source code strings should be passed to Python APIs " +"using the standard C conventions for newline characters (the ``\\n`` " +"character, representing ASCII LF, is the line terminator)." +msgstr "" +"嵌入 Python 时，传入 Python API 的源码字符串应使用 C 标准惯例换行符（``\\n``，代表 ASCII 字符 LF， 行终止符）。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:66 +msgid "Comments" +msgstr "注释" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:71 +msgid "" +"A comment starts with a hash character (``#``) that is not part of a string " +"literal, and ends at the end of the physical line. A comment signifies the " +"end of the logical line unless the implicit line joining rules are invoked. " +"Comments are ignored by the syntax." +msgstr "" +"注释以井号 （``#``） 开头，在物理行末尾截止。注意，井号不是字符串字面值。除非应用隐式行拼接规则，否则，注释代表逻辑行结束。句法不解析注释。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:80 +msgid "Encoding declarations" +msgstr "编码声明" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:85 +msgid "" +"If a comment in the first or second line of the Python script matches the " +"regular expression ``coding[=:]\\s*([-\\w.]+)``, this comment is processed " +"as an encoding declaration; the first group of this expression names the " +"encoding of the source code file. The encoding declaration must appear on a " +"line of its own. If it is the second line, the first line must also be a " +"comment-only line. The recommended forms of an encoding expression are ::" +msgstr "" +"Python 脚本第一或第二行的注释匹配正则表达式 ``coding[=:]\\s*([-\\w.]+)`` " +"时，该注释会被当作编码声明；这个表达式的第一组指定了源码文件的编码。编码声明必须独占一行，在第二行时，则第一行必须也是注释。编码表达式的形式如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:92 +msgid "# -*- coding: -*-" +msgstr "# -*- coding: -*-" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:94 +msgid "which is recognized also by GNU Emacs, and ::" +msgstr "这也是 GNU Emacs 认可的形式，此外，还支持如下形式：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:96 +msgid "# vim:fileencoding=" +msgstr "# vim:fileencoding=" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:98 +msgid "which is recognized by Bram Moolenaar's VIM." +msgstr "这是 Bram Moolenaar 的 VIM 认可的形式。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:100 +msgid "" +"If no encoding declaration is found, the default encoding is UTF-8. If the " +"implicit or explicit encoding of a file is UTF-8, an initial UTF-8 byte-" +"order mark (b'\\xef\\xbb\\xbf') is ignored rather than being a syntax error." +msgstr "" +"如果没有找到编码格式声明，则默认编码格式为 UTF-8。 如果文件的隐式或显式编码格式为 UTF-8，则初始的 UTF-8 " +"字节序标志（b'\\xef\\xbb\\xbf'）将被忽略而不会报告语法错误。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:104 +msgid "" +"If an encoding is declared, the encoding name must be recognized by Python " +"(see :ref:`standard-encodings`). The encoding is used for all lexical " +"analysis, including string literals, comments and identifiers." +msgstr "" +"如果声明了编码格式，该编码格式的名称必须是 Python 可识别的 (参见 :ref:`standard-encodings`)。 " +"编码格式会被用于所有的词法分析，包括字符串字面值、注释和标识符等。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:113 +msgid "Explicit line joining" +msgstr "显式拼接行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Two or more physical lines may be joined into logical lines using backslash " +"characters (``\\``), as follows: when a physical line ends in a backslash " +"that is not part of a string literal or comment, it is joined with the " +"following forming a single logical line, deleting the backslash and the " +"following end-of-line character. For example::" +msgstr "" +"两个及两个以上的物理行可用反斜杠（``\\``）拼接为一个逻辑行，规则如下：以不在字符串或注释内的反斜杠结尾时，物理行将与下一行拼接成一个逻辑行，并删除反斜杠及其后的换行符。例如：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:123 +msgid "" +"if 1900 < year < 2100 and 1 <= month <= 12 \\\n" +" and 1 <= day <= 31 and 0 <= hour < 24 \\\n" +" and 0 <= minute < 60 and 0 <= second < 60: # Looks like a valid date\n" +" return 1" +msgstr "" +"if 1900 < year < 2100 and 1 <= month <= 12 \\\n" +" and 1 <= day <= 31 and 0 <= hour < 24 \\\n" +" and 0 <= minute < 60 and 0 <= second < 60: # 看来是个有效的日期\n" +" return 1" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:128 +msgid "" +"A line ending in a backslash cannot carry a comment. A backslash does not " +"continue a comment. A backslash does not continue a token except for string" +" literals (i.e., tokens other than string literals cannot be split across " +"physical lines using a backslash). A backslash is illegal elsewhere on a " +"line outside a string literal." +msgstr "" +"以反斜杠结尾的行，不能加注释；反斜杠也不能拼接注释。除字符串字面值外，反斜杠不能拼接形符（如，除字符串字面值外，不能用反斜杠把形符切分至两个物理行）。反斜杠只能在代码的字符串字面值里，在其他任何位置都是非法的。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:138 +msgid "Implicit line joining" +msgstr "隐式拼接行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Expressions in parentheses, square brackets or curly braces can be split " +"over more than one physical line without using backslashes. For example::" +msgstr "圆括号、方括号、花括号内的表达式可以分成多个物理行，不必使用反斜杠。例如：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:143 +msgid "" +"month_names = ['Januari', 'Februari', 'Maart', # These are the\n" +" 'April', 'Mei', 'Juni', # Dutch names\n" +" 'Juli', 'Augustus', 'September', # for the months\n" +" 'Oktober', 'November', 'December'] # of the year" +msgstr "" +"month_names = ['Januari', 'Februari', 'Maart', # 这些是\n" +" 'April', 'Mei', 'Juni', # 一年之中\n" +" 'Juli', 'Augustus', 'September', # 各个月份的\n" +" 'Oktober', 'November', 'December'] # 荷兰语名称" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Implicitly continued lines can carry comments. The indentation of the " +"continuation lines is not important. Blank continuation lines are allowed. " +"There is no NEWLINE token between implicit continuation lines. Implicitly " +"continued lines can also occur within triple-quoted strings (see below); in " +"that case they cannot carry comments." +msgstr "" +"隐式行拼接可含注释；后续行的缩进并不重要；还支持空的后续行。隐式拼接行之间没有 NEWLINE " +"形符。三引号字符串支持隐式拼接行（见下文），但不支持注释。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:158 +msgid "Blank lines" +msgstr "空白行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:162 +msgid "" +"A logical line that contains only spaces, tabs, formfeeds and possibly a " +"comment, is ignored (i.e., no NEWLINE token is generated). During " +"interactive input of statements, handling of a blank line may differ " +"depending on the implementation of the read-eval-print loop. In the " +"standard interactive interpreter, an entirely blank logical line (i.e. one " +"containing not even whitespace or a comment) terminates a multi-line " +"statement." +msgstr "" +"只包含空格符、制表符、换页符、注释的逻辑行会被忽略（即不生成 NEWLINE 形符）。交互模式输入语句时，空白行的处理方式可能因读取 - 求值 - " +"打印循环（REPL）的具体实现方式而不同。标准交互模式解释器中，完全空白的逻辑行（即连空格或注释都没有）将结束多行复合语句。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:173 +msgid "Indentation" +msgstr "缩进" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:177 +msgid "" +"Leading whitespace (spaces and tabs) at the beginning of a logical line is " +"used to compute the indentation level of the line, which in turn is used to " +"determine the grouping of statements." +msgstr "逻辑行开头的空白符（空格符和制表符）用于计算该行的缩进层级，决定语句组块。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Tabs are replaced (from left to right) by one to eight spaces such that the " +"total number of characters up to and including the replacement is a multiple" +" of eight (this is intended to be the same rule as used by Unix). The total" +" number of spaces preceding the first non-blank character then determines " +"the line's indentation. Indentation cannot be split over multiple physical " +"lines using backslashes; the whitespace up to the first backslash determines" +" the indentation." +msgstr "" +"制表符（从左至右）被替换为一至八个空格，缩进空格的总数是八的倍数（与 Unix " +"的规则保持一致）。首个非空字符前的空格数决定了该行的缩进层次。缩进不能用反斜杠进行多行拼接；首个反斜杠之前的空白符决定了缩进的层次。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Indentation is rejected as inconsistent if a source file mixes tabs and " +"spaces in a way that makes the meaning dependent on the worth of a tab in " +"spaces; a :exc:`TabError` is raised in that case." +msgstr "" +"源文件混用制表符和空格符缩进时，因空格数量与制表符相关，由此产生的不一致将导致不能正常识别缩进层次，从而触发 :exc:`TabError`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:193 +msgid "" +"**Cross-platform compatibility note:** because of the nature of text editors" +" on non-UNIX platforms, it is unwise to use a mixture of spaces and tabs for" +" the indentation in a single source file. It should also be noted that " +"different platforms may explicitly limit the maximum indentation level." +msgstr "" +"**跨平台兼容性说明：** 鉴于非 UNIX " +"平台文本编辑器本身的特性，请勿在源文件中混用制表符和空格符。另外也请注意，不同平台有可能会显式限制最大缩进层级。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:198 +msgid "" +"A formfeed character may be present at the start of the line; it will be " +"ignored for the indentation calculations above. Formfeed characters " +"occurring elsewhere in the leading whitespace have an undefined effect (for " +"instance, they may reset the space count to zero)." +msgstr "行首含换页符时，缩进计算将忽略该换页符。换页符在行首空白符内其他位置的效果未定义（例如，可能导致空格计数重置为零）。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:205 +msgid "" +"The indentation levels of consecutive lines are used to generate INDENT and " +"DEDENT tokens, using a stack, as follows." +msgstr "连续行的缩进层级以堆栈形式生成 INDENT 和 DEDENT 形符，说明如下。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Before the first line of the file is read, a single zero is pushed on the " +"stack; this will never be popped off again. The numbers pushed on the stack" +" will always be strictly increasing from bottom to top. At the beginning of" +" each logical line, the line's indentation level is compared to the top of " +"the stack. If it is equal, nothing happens. If it is larger, it is pushed on" +" the stack, and one INDENT token is generated. If it is smaller, it *must* " +"be one of the numbers occurring on the stack; all numbers on the stack that " +"are larger are popped off, and for each number popped off a DEDENT token is " +"generated. At the end of the file, a DEDENT token is generated for each " +"number remaining on the stack that is larger than zero." +msgstr "" +"读取文件第一行前，先向栈推入一个零值，该零值不会被移除。推入栈的层级值从底至顶持续增加。每个逻辑行开头的行缩进层级将与栈顶行比较。如果相等，则不做处理。如果新行层级较高，则会被推入栈顶，并生成一个" +" INDENT 形符。如果新行层级较低，则 *应当* 是栈中的层级数值之一；栈中高于该层级的所有数值都将被移除，每移除一级数值生成一个 DEDENT " +"形符。文件末尾，栈中剩余的每个大于零的数值生成一个 DEDENT 形符。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:219 +msgid "" +"Here is an example of a correctly (though confusingly) indented piece of " +"Python code::" +msgstr "下面的 Python 代码缩进示例虽然正确，但含混不清：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:222 +msgid "" +"def perm(l):\n" +" # Compute the list of all permutations of l\n" +" if len(l) <= 1:\n" +" return [l]\n" +" r = []\n" +" for i in range(len(l)):\n" +" s = l[:i] + l[i+1:]\n" +" p = perm(s)\n" +" for x in p:\n" +" r.append(l[i:i+1] + x)\n" +" return r" +msgstr "" +"def perm(l):\n" +" # 计算由 l 的所有排列组成的列表\n" +" if len(l) <= 1:\n" +" return [l]\n" +" r = []\n" +" for i in range(len(l)):\n" +" s = l[:i] + l[i+1:]\n" +" p = perm(s)\n" +" for x in p:\n" +" r.append(l[i:i+1] + x)\n" +" return r" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:234 +msgid "The following example shows various indentation errors::" +msgstr "下例展示了多种缩进错误：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:236 +msgid "" +" def perm(l): # error: first line indented\n" +"for i in range(len(l)): # error: not indented\n" +" s = l[:i] + l[i+1:]\n" +" p = perm(l[:i] + l[i+1:]) # error: unexpected indent\n" +" for x in p:\n" +" r.append(l[i:i+1] + x)\n" +" return r # error: inconsistent dedent" +msgstr "" +" def perm(l): # 错误：第一行有缩进\n" +"for i in range(len(l)): # 错误：没有缩进\n" +" s = l[:i] + l[i+1:]\n" +" p = perm(l[:i] + l[i+1:]) # 错误：非预期的缩进\n" +" for x in p:\n" +" r.append(l[i:i+1] + x)\n" +" return r # 错误：不一致的缩进" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:244 +msgid "" +"(Actually, the first three errors are detected by the parser; only the last " +"error is found by the lexical analyzer --- the indentation of ``return r`` " +"does not match a level popped off the stack.)" +msgstr "" +"（实际上，解析器可以识别前三个错误；只有最后一个错误由词法分析器识别 --- ``return r`` 的缩进无法匹配从栈里移除的缩进层级。）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:252 +msgid "Whitespace between tokens" +msgstr "形符间的空白字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:254 +msgid "" +"Except at the beginning of a logical line or in string literals, the " +"whitespace characters space, tab and formfeed can be used interchangeably to" +" separate tokens. Whitespace is needed between two tokens only if their " +"concatenation could otherwise be interpreted as a different token (e.g., ab " +"is one token, but a b is two tokens)." +msgstr "" +"除非在逻辑行开头或字符串内，空格符、制表符、换页符等空白符都可以分隔形符。要把两个相连形符解读为不同形符，需要用空白符分隔（例如，ab 是一个形符，a " +"b 则是两个形符）。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:264 +msgid "Other tokens" +msgstr "其他形符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Besides NEWLINE, INDENT and DEDENT, the following categories of tokens " +"exist: *identifiers*, *keywords*, *literals*, *operators*, and *delimiters*." +" Whitespace characters (other than line terminators, discussed earlier) are " +"not tokens, but serve to delimit tokens. Where ambiguity exists, a token " +"comprises the longest possible string that forms a legal token, when read " +"from left to right." +msgstr "" +"除 NEWLINE、INDENT、DEDENT 外，还有 *标识符*、*关键字*、*字面值*、*运算符* 、*分隔符* 等形符。 " +"空白符（前述的行终止符除外）不是形符，可用于分隔形符。存在二义性时，将从左至右，读取尽量长的字符串组成合法形符。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:276 +msgid "Identifiers and keywords" +msgstr "标识符和关键字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:280 +msgid "" +"Identifiers (also referred to as *names*) are described by the following " +"lexical definitions." +msgstr "标识符（也称为 *名称*）的词法定义说明如下。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:283 +msgid "" +"The syntax of identifiers in Python is based on the Unicode standard annex " +"UAX-31, with elaboration and changes as defined below; see also :pep:`3131` " +"for further details." +msgstr "Python 标识符的句法基于 Unicode 标准附件 UAX-31，并加入了下文定义的细化与修改；详见 :pep:`3131` 。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:287 +msgid "" +"Within the ASCII range (U+0001..U+007F), the valid characters for " +"identifiers include the uppercase and lowercase letters ``A`` through ``Z``," +" the underscore ``_`` and, except for the first character, the digits ``0`` " +"through ``9``. Python 3.0 introduced additional characters from outside the " +"ASCII range (see :pep:`3131`). For these characters, the classification " +"uses the version of the Unicode Character Database as included in the " +":mod:`unicodedata` module." +msgstr "" +"在 ASCII 范围内 (U+0001..U+007F)，可用作为标识符的字符包括大小写形式的字母 ``A`` 到 ``Z``，下划线 ``_`` " +"，以及数字 ``0`` 到 ``9``，但数字不能为第一个字符。 Python 3.0 引入了 ASCII 范围以外的额外字符 (参见 " +":pep:`3131`)。 对于这些字符，将使用包括在 :mod:`unicodedata` 模块中的 Unicode 字符数据库版本进行分类。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:295 +msgid "Identifiers are unlimited in length. Case is significant." +msgstr "标识符的长度没有限制，但区分大小写。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:304 +msgid "The Unicode category codes mentioned above stand for:" +msgstr "上述 Unicode 类别码的含义:" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:306 +msgid "*Lu* - uppercase letters" +msgstr "*Lu* - 大写字母" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:307 +msgid "*Ll* - lowercase letters" +msgstr "*Ll* - 小写字母" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:308 +msgid "*Lt* - titlecase letters" +msgstr "*Lt* - 词首大写字母" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:309 +msgid "*Lm* - modifier letters" +msgstr "*Lm* - 修饰符字母" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:310 +msgid "*Lo* - other letters" +msgstr "*Lo* - 其他字母" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:311 +msgid "*Nl* - letter numbers" +msgstr "*Nl* - 字母数字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:312 +msgid "*Mn* - nonspacing marks" +msgstr "*Mn* - 非空白标识" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:313 +msgid "*Mc* - spacing combining marks" +msgstr "*Mc* - 含空白标识" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:314 +msgid "*Nd* - decimal numbers" +msgstr "*Nd* - 十进制数字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:315 +msgid "*Pc* - connector punctuations" +msgstr "*Pc* - 连接标点" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:316 +msgid "" +"*Other_ID_Start* - explicit list of characters in `PropList.txt " +"`_ to support " +"backwards compatibility" +msgstr "" +"*Other_ID_Start* - 在 `PropList.txt " +"`_ " +"中显式定义的用于支持向下兼容的字符列表" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:319 +msgid "*Other_ID_Continue* - likewise" +msgstr "*Other_ID_Continue* - 同上" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:321 +msgid "" +"All identifiers are converted into the normal form NFKC while parsing; " +"comparison of identifiers is based on NFKC." +msgstr "在解析时，所有标识符都会被转换为规范形式 NFKC；标识符的比较都是基于 NFKC。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:324 +msgid "" +"A non-normative HTML file listing all valid identifier characters for " +"Unicode 15.1.0 can be found at " +"https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt" +msgstr "" +"列出 Unicode 15.1.0 中所有可用标识符字符的非规范 HTML 文件可在 " +"https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt 获取" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:332 +msgid "Keywords" +msgstr "关键字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:338 +msgid "" +"The following identifiers are used as reserved words, or *keywords* of the " +"language, and cannot be used as ordinary identifiers. They must be spelled " +"exactly as written here:" +msgstr "以下标识符为保留字，或称 *关键字*，不可用于普通标识符。关键字的拼写必须与这里列出的完全一致：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:342 +msgid "" +"False await else import pass\n" +"None break except in raise\n" +"True class finally is return\n" +"and continue for lambda try\n" +"as def from nonlocal while\n" +"assert del global not with\n" +"async elif if or yield" +msgstr "" +"False await else import pass\n" +"None break except in raise\n" +"True class finally is return\n" +"and continue for lambda try\n" +"as def from nonlocal while\n" +"assert del global not with\n" +"async elif if or yield" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:356 +msgid "Soft Keywords" +msgstr "软关键字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:362 +msgid "" +"Some identifiers are only reserved under specific contexts. These are known " +"as *soft keywords*. The identifiers ``match``, ``case``, ``type`` and ``_``" +" can syntactically act as keywords in certain contexts, but this distinction" +" is done at the parser level, not when tokenizing." +msgstr "" +"某些标识符仅在特定上下文中被保留。 它们被称为 *软关键字*。 ``match``, ``case``, ``type`` 和 ``_`` " +"等标识符在特定上下文中具有关键字的语义，但这种区分是在解析器层级完成的，而不是在分词的时候。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:367 +msgid "" +"As soft keywords, their use in the grammar is possible while still " +"preserving compatibility with existing code that uses these names as " +"identifier names." +msgstr "作为软关键字，它们能够在用于相应语法的同时仍然保持与用作标识符名称的现有代码的兼容性。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:371 +msgid "" +"``match``, ``case``, and ``_`` are used in the :keyword:`match` statement. " +"``type`` is used in the :keyword:`type` statement." +msgstr "" +"``match``, ``case`` 和 ``_`` 是在 :keyword:`match` 语句中使用。 ``type`` 是在 " +":keyword:`type` 语句中使用。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:374 +msgid "``type`` is now a soft keyword." +msgstr "``type`` 现在是一个软关键字。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:383 +msgid "Reserved classes of identifiers" +msgstr "保留的标识符类" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:385 +msgid "" +"Certain classes of identifiers (besides keywords) have special meanings. " +"These classes are identified by the patterns of leading and trailing " +"underscore characters:" +msgstr "某些标识符类（除了关键字）具有特殊含义。这些类的命名模式以下划线字符开头，并以下划线结尾：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:389 +msgid "``_*``" +msgstr "``_*``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:390 +msgid "Not imported by ``from module import *``." +msgstr "不会被 ``from module import *`` 所导入。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:392 +msgid "``_``" +msgstr "``_``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:393 +msgid "" +"In a ``case`` pattern within a :keyword:`match` statement, ``_`` is a " +":ref:`soft keyword ` that denotes a :ref:`wildcard `." +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`match` 语句内部的 ``case`` 模式中，``_`` 是一个 :ref:`软关键字 `，它表示 :ref:`通配符 `。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:397 +msgid "" +"Separately, the interactive interpreter makes the result of the last " +"evaluation available in the variable ``_``. (It is stored in the " +":mod:`builtins` module, alongside built-in functions like ``print``.)" +msgstr "" +"在此之外，交互式解释器会将最后一次求值的结果放到变量 ``_`` 中。 （它与 ``print`` 等内置函数一起被存储于 " +":mod:`builtins` 模块。）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Elsewhere, ``_`` is a regular identifier. It is often used to name " +"\"special\" items, but it is not special to Python itself." +msgstr "在其他地方，``_`` 是一个常规标识符。 它常常被用来命名 \"特殊\" 条目，但对 Python 本身来说毫无特殊之处。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:407 +msgid "" +"The name ``_`` is often used in conjunction with internationalization; refer" +" to the documentation for the :mod:`gettext` module for more information on " +"this convention." +msgstr "``_`` 常用于连接国际化文本；详见 :mod:`gettext` 模块文档。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:411 +msgid "It is also commonly used for unused variables." +msgstr "它还经常被用来命名无需使用的变量。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:413 +msgid "``__*__``" +msgstr "``__*__``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:414 +msgid "" +"System-defined names, informally known as \"dunder\" names. These names are " +"defined by the interpreter and its implementation (including the standard " +"library). Current system names are discussed in the :ref:`specialnames` " +"section and elsewhere. More will likely be defined in future versions of " +"Python. *Any* use of ``__*__`` names, in any context, that does not follow " +"explicitly documented use, is subject to breakage without warning." +msgstr "" +"系统定义的名称，通常简称为 \"dunder\" 。这些名称由解释器及其实现（包括标准库）定义。现有系统定义名称相关的论述详见 " +":ref:`specialnames` 等章节。Python 未来版本中还将定义更多此类名称。任何情况下，*任何* 不显式遵从 ``__*__`` " +"名称的文档用法，都可能导致无警告提示的错误。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:421 +msgid "``__*``" +msgstr "``__*``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:422 +msgid "" +"Class-private names. Names in this category, when used within the context " +"of a class definition, are re-written to use a mangled form to help avoid " +"name clashes between \"private\" attributes of base and derived classes. See" +" section :ref:`atom-identifiers`." +msgstr "" +"类的私有名称。类定义时，此类名称以一种混合形式重写，以避免基类及派生类的 \"私有\" 属性之间产生名称冲突。详见 :ref:`atom-" +"identifiers`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:431 +msgid "Literals" +msgstr "字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:435 +msgid "Literals are notations for constant values of some built-in types." +msgstr "字面值是内置类型常量值的表示法。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:446 +msgid "String and Bytes literals" +msgstr "字符串与字节串字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:448 +msgid "String literals are described by the following lexical definitions:" +msgstr "字符串字面值的词法定义如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:473 +msgid "" +"One syntactic restriction not indicated by these productions is that " +"whitespace is not allowed between the :token:`~python-grammar:stringprefix` " +"or :token:`~python-grammar:bytesprefix` and the rest of the literal. The " +"source character set is defined by the encoding declaration; it is UTF-8 if " +"no encoding declaration is given in the source file; see section " +":ref:`encodings`." +msgstr "" +"这些产生式未指明的一个句法限制是空白符不允许在 :token:`~python-grammar:stringprefix` 或 " +":token:`~python-grammar:bytesprefix` 与字面值的其余部分之间出现。 " +"源字符集是由编码格式声明来定义的；如果源文件没有给出编码格式声明则默认 UTF-8；参见 :ref:`encodings` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:483 +msgid "" +"In plain English: Both types of literals can be enclosed in matching single " +"quotes (``'``) or double quotes (``\"``). They can also be enclosed in " +"matching groups of three single or double quotes (these are generally " +"referred to as *triple-quoted strings*). The backslash (``\\``) character is" +" used to give special meaning to otherwise ordinary characters like ``n``, " +"which means 'newline' when escaped (``\\n``). It can also be used to escape " +"characters that otherwise have a special meaning, such as newline, backslash" +" itself, or the quote character. See :ref:`escape sequences ` below for examples." +msgstr "" +"直白的说明：两种类型的字面值都可用成对的单引号 (``'``) 或双引号 (``\"``) 括起来。 它们还可以用成对的连续三个单引号或双引号括起来 " +"(这通常被称为 *三重引号字符串*)。 反斜杠 (``\\``) 字符被用来给予普通的字符特殊含义例如 ``n``，当用斜杠转义时 (``\\n``) " +"表示 '换行'。 它还可以被用来对具有特殊含义的字符进行转义，例如换行符、反斜杠本身或者引号等。 请参阅下面的 :ref:`转义序列 ` 查看示例。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Bytes literals are always prefixed with ``'b'`` or ``'B'``; they produce an " +"instance of the :class:`bytes` type instead of the :class:`str` type. They " +"may only contain ASCII characters; bytes with a numeric value of 128 or " +"greater must be expressed with escapes." +msgstr "" +"字节串字面值要加前缀 ``'b'`` 或 ``'B'``；生成的是类型 :class:`bytes` 的实例，不是类型 :class:`str` " +"的实例；字节串只能包含 ASCII 字符；字节串数值大于等于 128 时，必须用转义表示。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Both string and bytes literals may optionally be prefixed with a letter " +"``'r'`` or ``'R'``; such constructs are called :dfn:`raw string literals` " +"and :dfn:`raw bytes literals` respectively and treat backslashes as literal " +"characters. As a result, in raw string literals, ``'\\U'`` and ``'\\u'`` " +"escapes are not treated specially." +msgstr "" +"字符串和字节串字面值都可选择加前缀字母 ``'r'`` 或 ``'R'``；这分别被称为 :dfn:`原始字符串字面值` 和 " +":dfn:`原始字节串字面值` 并会将反斜杠视为原本的字符字面值。 因此，在原始字符串字面值中，``'\\U'`` 和 ``'\\u'`` " +"转义符号不会被特殊对待。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:511 +msgid "" +"The ``'rb'`` prefix of raw bytes literals has been added as a synonym of " +"``'br'``." +msgstr "新增原始字节串 ``'rb'`` 前缀，是 ``'br'`` 的同义词。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:515 +msgid "" +"Support for the unicode legacy literal (``u'value'``) was reintroduced to " +"simplify the maintenance of dual Python 2.x and 3.x codebases. See " +":pep:`414` for more information." +msgstr "" +"支持 unicode 字面值（``u'value'``）遗留代码，简化 Python 2.x 和 3.x 并行代码库的维护工作。详见 " +":pep:`414`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:523 +msgid "" +"A string literal with ``'f'`` or ``'F'`` in its prefix is a :dfn:`formatted " +"string literal`; see :ref:`f-strings`. The ``'f'`` may be combined with " +"``'r'``, but not with ``'b'`` or ``'u'``, therefore raw formatted strings " +"are possible, but formatted bytes literals are not." +msgstr "" +"前缀为 ``'f'`` 或 ``'F'`` 的字符串称为 :dfn:`格式字符串`；详见 :ref:`f-strings`。``'f'`` 可与 " +"``'r'`` 连用，但不能与 ``'b'`` 或 ``'u'`` 连用，因此，可以使用原始格式字符串，但不能使用格式字节串字面值。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:528 +msgid "" +"In triple-quoted literals, unescaped newlines and quotes are allowed (and " +"are retained), except that three unescaped quotes in a row terminate the " +"literal. (A \"quote\" is the character used to open the literal, i.e. " +"either ``'`` or ``\"``.)" +msgstr "" +"三引号字面值可以包含未转义的换行和引号（原样保留），除了连在一起的，用于终止字面值的，未经转义的三个引号。（\"引号\" 是启用字面值的字符，可以是 " +"``'``，也可以是 ``\"``。）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:551 +msgid "Escape sequences" +msgstr "转义序列" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:553 +msgid "" +"Unless an ``'r'`` or ``'R'`` prefix is present, escape sequences in string " +"and bytes literals are interpreted according to rules similar to those used " +"by Standard C. The recognized escape sequences are:" +msgstr "如未标注 ``'r'`` 或 ``'R'`` 前缀，字符串和字节串字面值中，转义序列以类似 C 标准的规则进行解释。可用的转义序列如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:558 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:591 +msgid "Escape Sequence" +msgstr "转义序列" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:558 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:591 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:558 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:591 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:560 +msgid "``\\``\\ " +msgstr "``\\``\\ " + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:560 +msgid "Backslash and newline ignored" +msgstr "忽略反斜杠与换行符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:560 +msgid "\\(1)" +msgstr "\\(1)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:562 +msgid "``\\\\``" +msgstr "``\\\\``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:562 +msgid "Backslash (``\\``)" +msgstr "反斜杠（``\\``）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:564 +msgid "``\\'``" +msgstr "``\\'``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:564 +msgid "Single quote (``'``)" +msgstr "单引号（``'``）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:566 +msgid "``\\\"``" +msgstr "``\\\"``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:566 +msgid "Double quote (``\"``)" +msgstr "双引号（``\"``）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:568 +msgid "``\\a``" +msgstr "``\\a``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:568 +msgid "ASCII Bell (BEL)" +msgstr "ASCII 响铃（BEL）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:570 +msgid "``\\b``" +msgstr "``\\b``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:570 +msgid "ASCII Backspace (BS)" +msgstr "ASCII 退格符（BS）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:572 +msgid "``\\f``" +msgstr "``\\f``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:572 +msgid "ASCII Formfeed (FF)" +msgstr "ASCII 换页符（FF）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:574 +msgid "``\\n``" +msgstr "``\\n``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:574 +msgid "ASCII Linefeed (LF)" +msgstr "ASCII 换行符（LF）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:576 +msgid "``\\r``" +msgstr "``\\r``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:576 +msgid "ASCII Carriage Return (CR)" +msgstr "ASCII 回车符（CR）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:578 +msgid "``\\t``" +msgstr "``\\t``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:578 +msgid "ASCII Horizontal Tab (TAB)" +msgstr "ASCII 水平制表符（TAB）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:580 +msgid "``\\v``" +msgstr "``\\v``" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:580 +msgid "ASCII Vertical Tab (VT)" +msgstr "ASCII 垂直制表符（VT）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:582 +msgid ":samp:`\\\\\\\\{ooo}`" +msgstr ":samp:`\\\\\\\\{ooo}`" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:582 +msgid "Character with octal value *ooo*" +msgstr "八进制数 *ooo* 字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:582 +msgid "(2,4)" +msgstr "(2,4)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:585 +msgid ":samp:`\\\\x{hh}`" +msgstr ":samp:`\\\\x{hh}`" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:585 +msgid "Character with hex value *hh*" +msgstr "十六进制数 *hh* 字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:585 +msgid "(3,4)" +msgstr "(3,4)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:588 +msgid "Escape sequences only recognized in string literals are:" +msgstr "字符串字面值专用的转义序列：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:593 +msgid ":samp:`\\\\N\\\\{{name}\\\\}`" +msgstr ":samp:`\\\\N\\\\{{name}\\\\}`" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:593 +msgid "Character named *name* in the Unicode database" +msgstr "Unicode 数据库中名为 *name* 的字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:593 +msgid "\\(5)" +msgstr "\\(5)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:596 +msgid ":samp:`\\\\u{xxxx}`" +msgstr ":samp:`\\\\u{xxxx}`" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:596 +msgid "Character with 16-bit hex value *xxxx*" +msgstr "16 位十六进制数 *xxxx* 码位的字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:596 +msgid "\\(6)" +msgstr "\\(6)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:599 +msgid ":samp:`\\\\U{xxxxxxxx}`" +msgstr ":samp:`\\\\U{xxxxxxxx}`" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:599 +msgid "Character with 32-bit hex value *xxxxxxxx*" +msgstr "32 位 16 进制数 *xxxxxxxx* 码位的字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:599 +msgid "\\(7)" +msgstr "\\(7)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:603 +msgid "Notes:" +msgstr "注释：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:606 +msgid "A backslash can be added at the end of a line to ignore the newline::" +msgstr "可以在行尾添加一个反斜杠来忽略换行符::" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:608 +msgid "" +">>> 'This string will not include \\\n" +"... backslashes or newline characters.'\n" +"'This string will not include backslashes or newline characters.'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'This string will not include \\\n" +"... backslashes or newline characters.'\n" +"'This string will not include backslashes or newline characters.'" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:612 +msgid "" +"The same result can be achieved using :ref:`triple-quoted strings " +"`, or parentheses and :ref:`string literal concatenation `." +msgstr "" +"同样的效果也可以使用 :ref:`三重引号字符串 `，或者圆括号和 :ref:`字符串字面值拼接 ` 来达成。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:617 +msgid "As in Standard C, up to three octal digits are accepted." +msgstr "与 C 标准一致，接受最多三个八进制数字。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:619 +msgid "" +"Octal escapes with value larger than ``0o377`` produce a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "取值大于 ``0o377`` 的八进制数转义序列会产生 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:623 +msgid "" +"Octal escapes with value larger than ``0o377`` produce a " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning`. In a future Python version they will be eventually a " +":exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" +"数值大于 ``0o377`` 的八进制转义符会产生 :exc:`SyntaxWarning`。 在未来的 Python 版本中将最终改为 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:629 +msgid "Unlike in Standard C, exactly two hex digits are required." +msgstr "与 C 标准不同，必须为两个十六进制数字。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:632 +msgid "" +"In a bytes literal, hexadecimal and octal escapes denote the byte with the " +"given value. In a string literal, these escapes denote a Unicode character " +"with the given value." +msgstr "" +"*字节串* 字面值中，十六进制数和八进制数的转义码以相应数值代表每个字节。*字符串* 字面值中，这些转义码以相应数值代表每个 Unicode 字符。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:637 +msgid "Support for name aliases [#]_ has been added." +msgstr "加入了对别名 [#]_ 的支持。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:641 +msgid "Exactly four hex digits are required." +msgstr "必须为 4 个十六进制数码。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:644 +msgid "" +"Any Unicode character can be encoded this way. Exactly eight hex digits are" +" required." +msgstr "表示任意 Unicode 字符。必须为 8 个十六进制数码。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:650 +msgid "" +"Unlike Standard C, all unrecognized escape sequences are left in the string " +"unchanged, i.e., *the backslash is left in the result*. (This behavior is " +"useful when debugging: if an escape sequence is mistyped, the resulting " +"output is more easily recognized as broken.) It is also important to note " +"that the escape sequences only recognized in string literals fall into the " +"category of unrecognized escapes for bytes literals." +msgstr "" +"与 C " +"标准不同，无法识别的转义序列在字符串里原样保留，即，*输出结果保留反斜杠*。（调试时，这种方式很有用：输错转义序列时，更容易在输出结果中识别错误。）注意，在字节串字面值内，字符串字面值专用的转义序列属于无法识别的转义序列。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:657 +msgid "Unrecognized escape sequences produce a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "不可识别的转义序列会产生 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:660 +msgid "" +"Unrecognized escape sequences produce a :exc:`SyntaxWarning`. In a future " +"Python version they will be eventually a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" +"不可识别的转义序列会产生 :exc:`SyntaxWarning`。 在未来的 Python 版本中将最终改为 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:664 +msgid "" +"Even in a raw literal, quotes can be escaped with a backslash, but the " +"backslash remains in the result; for example, ``r\"\\\"\"`` is a valid " +"string literal consisting of two characters: a backslash and a double quote;" +" ``r\"\\\"`` is not a valid string literal (even a raw string cannot end in " +"an odd number of backslashes). Specifically, *a raw literal cannot end in a" +" single backslash* (since the backslash would escape the following quote " +"character). Note also that a single backslash followed by a newline is " +"interpreted as those two characters as part of the literal, *not* as a line " +"continuation." +msgstr "" +"即使在原始字面值中，引号也可以用反斜杠转义，但反斜杠会保留在输出结果里；例如 ``r\"\\\"\"`` " +"是由两个字符组成的有效字符串字面值：反斜杠和双引号；``r\"\\\"`` " +"则不是有效字符串字面值（原始字符串也不能以奇数个反斜杠结尾）。尤其是，*原始字面值不能以单个反斜杠结尾* " +"（反斜杠会转义其后的引号)。还要注意，反斜杠加换行在字面值中被解释为两个字符，而 *不是* 连续行。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:677 +msgid "String literal concatenation" +msgstr "字符串字面值合并" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:679 +msgid "" +"Multiple adjacent string or bytes literals (delimited by whitespace), " +"possibly using different quoting conventions, are allowed, and their meaning" +" is the same as their concatenation. Thus, ``\"hello\" 'world'`` is " +"equivalent to ``\"helloworld\"``. This feature can be used to reduce the " +"number of backslashes needed, to split long strings conveniently across long" +" lines, or even to add comments to parts of strings, for example::" +msgstr "" +"以空白符分隔的多个相邻字符串或字节串字面值，可用不同引号标注，等同于合并操作。因此，``\"hello\" 'world'`` 等价于 " +"``\"helloworld\"``。此功能不需要反斜杠，即可将长字符串分为多个物理行，还可以为不同部分的字符串添加注释，例如：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:686 +msgid "" +"re.compile(\"[A-Za-z_]\" # letter or underscore\n" +" \"[A-Za-z0-9_]*\" # letter, digit or underscore\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"re.compile(\"[A-Za-z_]\" # 字母或下划线\n" +" \"[A-Za-z0-9_]*\" # 字母、数字或下划线\n" +" )" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:690 +msgid "" +"Note that this feature is defined at the syntactical level, but implemented " +"at compile time. The '+' operator must be used to concatenate string " +"expressions at run time. Also note that literal concatenation can use " +"different quoting styles for each component (even mixing raw strings and " +"triple quoted strings), and formatted string literals may be concatenated " +"with plain string literals." +msgstr "" +"注意，此功能在句法层面定义，在编译时实现。在运行时，合并字符串表达式必须使用 '+' " +"运算符。还要注意，字面值合并可以为每个部分应用不同的引号风格（甚至混用原始字符串和三引号字符串)，格式字符串字面值也可以与纯字符串字面值合并。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:713 +msgid "f-strings" +msgstr "f 字符串" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:717 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`formatted string literal` or :dfn:`f-string` is a string literal " +"that is prefixed with ``'f'`` or ``'F'``. These strings may contain " +"replacement fields, which are expressions delimited by curly braces ``{}``. " +"While other string literals always have a constant value, formatted strings " +"are really expressions evaluated at run time." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`格式字符串字面值` 或称 :dfn:`f-string` 是标注了 ``'f'`` 或 ``'F'`` " +"前缀的字符串字面值。这种字符串可包含替换字段，即以 ``{}`` 标注的表达式。其他字符串字面值只是常量，格式字符串字面值则是可在运行时求值的表达式。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:723 +msgid "" +"Escape sequences are decoded like in ordinary string literals (except when a" +" literal is also marked as a raw string). After decoding, the grammar for " +"the contents of the string is:" +msgstr "除非字面值标记为原始字符串，否则，与在普通字符串字面值中一样，转义序列也会被解码。解码后，用于字符串内容的语法如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:737 +msgid "" +"The parts of the string outside curly braces are treated literally, except " +"that any doubled curly braces ``'{{'`` or ``'}}'`` are replaced with the " +"corresponding single curly brace. A single opening curly bracket ``'{'`` " +"marks a replacement field, which starts with a Python expression. To display" +" both the expression text and its value after evaluation, (useful in " +"debugging), an equal sign ``'='`` may be added after the expression. A " +"conversion field, introduced by an exclamation point ``'!'`` may follow. A " +"format specifier may also be appended, introduced by a colon ``':'``. A " +"replacement field ends with a closing curly bracket ``'}'``." +msgstr "" +"双花括号 ``'{{'`` 或 ``'}}'`` 被替换为单花括号，花括号外的字符串仍按字面值处理。单左花括号 ``'{'`` 标记以 Python " +"表达式开头的替换字段。在表达式后加等于号 ``'='``，可在求值后，同时显示表达式文本及其结果（用于调试）。 随后是用叹号 ``'!'`` " +"标记的转换字段。还可以在冒号 ``':'`` 后附加格式说明符。替换字段以右花括号 ``'}'`` 为结尾。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:747 +msgid "" +"Expressions in formatted string literals are treated like regular Python " +"expressions surrounded by parentheses, with a few exceptions. An empty " +"expression is not allowed, and both :keyword:`lambda` and assignment " +"expressions ``:=`` must be surrounded by explicit parentheses. Each " +"expression is evaluated in the context where the formatted string literal " +"appears, in order from left to right. Replacement expressions can contain " +"newlines in both single-quoted and triple-quoted f-strings and they can " +"contain comments. Everything that comes after a ``#`` inside a replacement " +"field is a comment (even closing braces and quotes). In that case, " +"replacement fields must be closed in a different line." +msgstr "" +"格式化字符串字面值中的表达式会与用圆括号包围的常规 Python 表达式一样处理，但有少量例外。 空表达式是不被允许的，而 " +":keyword:`lambda` 和赋值表达式 ``:=`` 都必须显式地用括号包围。 " +"每个表达式都将在格式化字符串字面值出现的上下文中按从左到右的顺序进行求值。 替换表达式可在单引号和三引号f-字符串中包含换行符并可包含注释。 替换字段内" +" ``#`` 后面的所有内容都是注释（即使结尾花括号和引号也是）。 在这种情况下，替换字段必须在另一行中结束。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:758 +msgid "" +">>> f\"abc{a # This is a comment }\"\n" +"... + 3}\"\n" +"'abc5'" +msgstr "" +">>> f\"abc{a # This is a comment }\"\n" +"... + 3}\"\n" +"'abc5'" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:764 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.7, an :keyword:`await` expression and comprehensions " +"containing an :keyword:`async for` clause were illegal in the expressions in" +" formatted string literals due to a problem with the implementation." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.7 以前， 因为实现的问题，不允许在格式字符串字面值表达式中使用 :keyword:`await` 表达式与包含 " +":keyword:`async for` 子句的推导式。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:769 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.12, comments were not allowed inside f-string replacement " +"fields." +msgstr "在 Python 3.12 之前，不允许在 f-字符串的替换字段中使用注释。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:773 +msgid "" +"When the equal sign ``'='`` is provided, the output will have the expression" +" text, the ``'='`` and the evaluated value. Spaces after the opening brace " +"``'{'``, within the expression and after the ``'='`` are all retained in the" +" output. By default, the ``'='`` causes the :func:`repr` of the expression " +"to be provided, unless there is a format specified. When a format is " +"specified it defaults to the :func:`str` of the expression unless a " +"conversion ``'!r'`` is declared." +msgstr "" +"表达式里含等号 ``'='`` 时，输出内容包括表达式文本、``'='`` 、求值结果。输出内容可以保留表达式中左花括号 ``'{'`` 后，及 " +"``'='`` 后的空格。没有指定格式时，``'='`` 默认调用表达式的 :func:`repr`。指定了格式时，默认调用表达式的 " +":func:`str`，除非声明了转换字段 ``'!r'``。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:781 +msgid "The equal sign ``'='``." +msgstr "等号 ``'='``。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:784 +msgid "" +"If a conversion is specified, the result of evaluating the expression is " +"converted before formatting. Conversion ``'!s'`` calls :func:`str` on the " +"result, ``'!r'`` calls :func:`repr`, and ``'!a'`` calls :func:`ascii`." +msgstr "" +"指定了转换符时，表达式求值的结果会先转换，再格式化。转换符 ``'!s'`` 调用 :func:`str` 转换求值结果，``'!r'`` 调用 " +":func:`repr`，``'!a'`` 调用 :func:`ascii`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:788 +msgid "" +"The result is then formatted using the :func:`format` protocol. The format " +"specifier is passed to the :meth:`~object.__format__` method of the " +"expression or conversion result. An empty string is passed when the format " +"specifier is omitted. The formatted result is then included in the final " +"value of the whole string." +msgstr "" +"然后使用 :func:`format` 协议对结果进行格式化。 格式说明符将传给表达式或转换结果的 :meth:`~object.__format__`" +" 方法。 如果省略格式说明符则将传入空字符串。 格式化后的结果将包括在整个字符串的最终值中。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:794 +msgid "" +"Top-level format specifiers may include nested replacement fields. These " +"nested fields may include their own conversion fields and :ref:`format " +"specifiers `, but may not include more deeply nested replacement" +" fields. The :ref:`format specifier mini-language ` is the same " +"as that used by the :meth:`str.format` method." +msgstr "" +"最高层级的格式说明符可以包括嵌套的替换字段。 这些嵌套字段也可以包括它们自己的转换字段和 :ref:`格式说明符 " +"`，但是不可再包括更深层嵌套的替换字段。 这里的 :ref:`格式说明符微语言 ` 与 " +":meth:`str.format` 方法所使用的相同。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:800 +msgid "" +"Formatted string literals may be concatenated, but replacement fields cannot" +" be split across literals." +msgstr "格式化字符串字面值可以拼接，但是一个替换字段不能拆分到多个字面值。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:803 +msgid "Some examples of formatted string literals::" +msgstr "格式字符串字面值示例如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:805 +msgid "" +">>> name = \"Fred\"\n" +">>> f\"He said his name is {name!r}.\"\n" +"\"He said his name is 'Fred'.\"\n" +">>> f\"He said his name is {repr(name)}.\" # repr() is equivalent to !r\n" +"\"He said his name is 'Fred'.\"\n" +">>> width = 10\n" +">>> precision = 4\n" +">>> value = decimal.Decimal(\"12.34567\")\n" +">>> f\"result: {value:{width}.{precision}}\" # nested fields\n" +"'result: 12.35'\n" +">>> today = datetime(year=2017, month=1, day=27)\n" +">>> f\"{today:%B %d, %Y}\" # using date format specifier\n" +"'January 27, 2017'\n" +">>> f\"{today=:%B %d, %Y}\" # using date format specifier and debugging\n" +"'today=January 27, 2017'\n" +">>> number = 1024\n" +">>> f\"{number:#0x}\" # using integer format specifier\n" +"'0x400'\n" +">>> foo = \"bar\"\n" +">>> f\"{ foo = }\" # preserves whitespace\n" +"\" foo = 'bar'\"\n" +">>> line = \"The mill's closed\"\n" +">>> f\"{line = }\"\n" +"'line = \"The mill\\'s closed\"'\n" +">>> f\"{line = :20}\"\n" +"\"line = The mill's closed \"\n" +">>> f\"{line = !r:20}\"\n" +"'line = \"The mill\\'s closed\" '" +msgstr "" +">>> name = \"Fred\"\n" +">>> f\"He said his name is {name!r}.\"\n" +"\"He said his name is 'Fred'.\"\n" +">>> f\"He said his name is {repr(name)}.\" # repr() is equivalent to !r\n" +"\"He said his name is 'Fred'.\"\n" +">>> width = 10\n" +">>> precision = 4\n" +">>> value = decimal.Decimal(\"12.34567\")\n" +">>> f\"result: {value:{width}.{precision}}\" # nested fields\n" +"'result: 12.35'\n" +">>> today = datetime(year=2017, month=1, day=27)\n" +">>> f\"{today:%B %d, %Y}\" # using date format specifier\n" +"'January 27, 2017'\n" +">>> f\"{today=:%B %d, %Y}\" # using date format specifier and debugging\n" +"'today=January 27, 2017'\n" +">>> number = 1024\n" +">>> f\"{number:#0x}\" # using integer format specifier\n" +"'0x400'\n" +">>> foo = \"bar\"\n" +">>> f\"{ foo = }\" # preserves whitespace\n" +"\" foo = 'bar'\"\n" +">>> line = \"The mill's closed\"\n" +">>> f\"{line = }\"\n" +"'line = \"The mill\\'s closed\"'\n" +">>> f\"{line = :20}\"\n" +"\"line = The mill's closed \"\n" +">>> f\"{line = !r:20}\"\n" +"'line = \"The mill\\'s closed\" '" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:835 +msgid "" +"Reusing the outer f-string quoting type inside a replacement field is " +"permitted::" +msgstr "允许在替换字段中重用外层 f-字符串的引号类型::" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:838 +msgid "" +">>> a = dict(x=2)\n" +">>> f\"abc {a[\"x\"]} def\"\n" +"'abc 2 def'" +msgstr "" +">>> a = dict(x=2)\n" +">>> f\"abc {a[\"x\"]} def\"\n" +"'abc 2 def'" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:842 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.12, reuse of the same quoting type of the outer f-string " +"inside a replacement field was not possible." +msgstr "在 Python 3.12 之前不允许在替换字段中重用与外层 f-字符串相同的引号类型。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:846 +msgid "" +"Backslashes are also allowed in replacement fields and are evaluated the " +"same way as in any other context::" +msgstr "替换字段中也允许使用反斜杠并会以与在其他场景下相同的方式求值::" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:849 +msgid "" +">>> a = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n" +">>> print(f\"List a contains:\\n{\"\\n\".join(a)}\")\n" +"List a contains:\n" +"a\n" +"b\n" +"c" +msgstr "" +">>> a = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n" +">>> print(f\"List a contains:\\n{\"\\n\".join(a)}\")\n" +"List a contains:\n" +"a\n" +"b\n" +"c" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.12, backslashes were not permitted inside an f-string " +"replacement field." +msgstr "在 Python 3.12 之前，f-字符串的替换字段内不允许使用反斜杠。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:860 +msgid "" +"Formatted string literals cannot be used as docstrings, even if they do not " +"include expressions." +msgstr "即便未包含表达式，格式字符串字面值也不能用作文档字符串。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:865 +msgid "" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... f\"Not a docstring\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> foo.__doc__ is None\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... f\"Not a docstring\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> foo.__doc__ is None\n" +"True" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:871 +msgid "" +"See also :pep:`498` for the proposal that added formatted string literals, " +"and :meth:`str.format`, which uses a related format string mechanism." +msgstr "参阅 :pep:`498`，了解格式字符串字面值的提案，以及与格式字符串机制相关的 :meth:`str.format`。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:878 +msgid "Numeric literals" +msgstr "数值字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:884 +msgid "" +"There are three types of numeric literals: integers, floating-point numbers," +" and imaginary numbers. There are no complex literals (complex numbers can " +"be formed by adding a real number and an imaginary number)." +msgstr "数值字面值有三种类型：整数、浮点数、虚数。没有复数字面值（复数由实数加虚数构成）。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:888 +msgid "" +"Note that numeric literals do not include a sign; a phrase like ``-1`` is " +"actually an expression composed of the unary operator '``-``' and the " +"literal ``1``." +msgstr "注意，数值字面值不含正负号；实际上，``-1`` 等负数是由一元运算符 '``-``' 和字面值 ``1`` 合成的。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:902 +msgid "Integer literals" +msgstr "整数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:904 +msgid "Integer literals are described by the following lexical definitions:" +msgstr "整数字面值词法定义如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:918 +msgid "" +"There is no limit for the length of integer literals apart from what can be " +"stored in available memory." +msgstr "整数字面值的长度没有限制，能一直大到占满可用内存。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:921 +msgid "" +"Underscores are ignored for determining the numeric value of the literal. " +"They can be used to group digits for enhanced readability. One underscore " +"can occur between digits, and after base specifiers like ``0x``." +msgstr "确定数值时，会忽略字面值中的下划线。下划线只是为了分组数字，让数字更易读。下划线可在数字之间，也可在 ``0x`` 等基数说明符后。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:925 +msgid "" +"Note that leading zeros in a non-zero decimal number are not allowed. This " +"is for disambiguation with C-style octal literals, which Python used before " +"version 3.0." +msgstr "注意，除了 0 以外，十进制数字的开头不允许有零。以免与 Python 3.0 版之前使用的 C 样式八进制字面值混淆。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:929 +msgid "Some examples of integer literals::" +msgstr "整数字面值示例如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:931 +msgid "" +"7 2147483647 0o177 0b100110111\n" +"3 79228162514264337593543950336 0o377 0xdeadbeef\n" +" 100_000_000_000 0b_1110_0101" +msgstr "" +"7 2147483647 0o177 0b100110111\n" +"3 79228162514264337593543950336 0o377 0xdeadbeef\n" +" 100_000_000_000 0b_1110_0101" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:935 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:967 +msgid "Underscores are now allowed for grouping purposes in literals." +msgstr "现已支持在字面值中，用下划线分组数字。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:946 +msgid "Floating-point literals" +msgstr "浮点数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:948 +msgid "" +"Floating-point literals are described by the following lexical definitions:" +msgstr "浮点数字面值的词法定义如下所述：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:958 +msgid "" +"Note that the integer and exponent parts are always interpreted using radix " +"10. For example, ``077e010`` is legal, and denotes the same number as " +"``77e10``. The allowed range of floating-point literals is implementation-" +"dependent. As in integer literals, underscores are supported for digit " +"grouping." +msgstr "" +"注意，解析时，整数和指数部分总以 10 为基数。 例如，``077e010`` 是合法的，表示的数值与 ``77e10`` 相同。 " +"浮点数字面值的支持范围取决于具体实现。 整数字面值支持用下划线分组数字。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:963 +msgid "Some examples of floating-point literals::" +msgstr "一些浮点数字面值的示例如下::" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:965 +msgid "3.14 10. .001 1e100 3.14e-10 0e0 3.14_15_93" +msgstr "3.14 10. .001 1e100 3.14e-10 0e0 3.14_15_93" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:976 +msgid "Imaginary literals" +msgstr "虚数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:978 +msgid "Imaginary literals are described by the following lexical definitions:" +msgstr "虚数字面值词法定义如下：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:983 +msgid "" +"An imaginary literal yields a complex number with a real part of 0.0. " +"Complex numbers are represented as a pair of floating-point numbers and have" +" the same restrictions on their range. To create a complex number with a " +"nonzero real part, add a floating-point number to it, e.g., ``(3+4j)``. " +"Some examples of imaginary literals::" +msgstr "" +"虚数字面值生成实部为 0.0 的复数。 复数由一对浮点数表示，它们的取值范围相同。 创建实部不为零的复数，则需添加浮点数，例如 ``(3+4j)``。 " +"虚数字面值示例如下::" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:989 +msgid "3.14j 10.j 10j .001j 1e100j 3.14e-10j 3.14_15_93j" +msgstr "3.14j 10.j 10j .001j 1e100j 3.14e-10j 3.14_15_93j" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:995 +msgid "Operators" +msgstr "运算符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:999 +msgid "The following tokens are operators:" +msgstr "运算符如下所示：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1001 +msgid "" +"+ - * ** / // % @\n" +"<< >> & | ^ ~ :=\n" +"< > <= >= == !=" +msgstr "" +"+ - * ** / // % @\n" +"<< >> & | ^ ~ :=\n" +"< > <= >= == !=" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1012 +msgid "Delimiters" +msgstr "分隔符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1016 +msgid "The following tokens serve as delimiters in the grammar:" +msgstr "以下形符在语法中为分隔符：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1018 +msgid "" +"( ) [ ] { }\n" +", : ! . ; @ =\n" +"-> += -= *= /= //= %=\n" +"@= &= |= ^= >>= <<= **=" +msgstr "" +"( ) [ ] { }\n" +", : ! . ; @ =\n" +"-> += -= *= /= //= %=\n" +"@= &= |= ^= >>= <<= **=" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"The period can also occur in floating-point and imaginary literals. A " +"sequence of three periods has a special meaning as an ellipsis literal. The " +"second half of the list, the augmented assignment operators, serve lexically" +" as delimiters, but also perform an operation." +msgstr "句点也可以用于浮点数和虚数字面值。三个连续句点表示省略符。列表后半部分是增强赋值操作符，用作词法分隔符，但也可以执行运算。" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"The following printing ASCII characters have special meaning as part of " +"other tokens or are otherwise significant to the lexical analyzer:" +msgstr "以下 ASCII 字符具有特殊含义，对词法分析器有重要意义：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1033 +msgid "' \" # \\" +msgstr "' \" # \\" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"The following printing ASCII characters are not used in Python. Their " +"occurrence outside string literals and comments is an unconditional error:" +msgstr "以下 ASCII 字符不用于 Python。在字符串字面值或注释外使用时，将直接报错：" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1040 +msgid "$ ? `" +msgstr "$ ? `" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1046 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1047 +msgid "https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt" +msgstr "https://www.unicode.org/Public/15.1.0/ucd/NameAliases.txt" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:8 +msgid "lexical analysis" +msgstr "词法分析" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:8 +msgid "parser" +msgstr "解析器" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:8 +msgid "token" +msgstr "形符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:26 +msgid "line structure" +msgstr "行结构" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:36 +msgid "logical line" +msgstr "逻辑行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:36 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:115 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "physical line" +msgstr "物理行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:36 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:115 +msgid "line joining" +msgstr "行连接" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:36 +msgid "NEWLINE token" +msgstr "NEWLINE 形符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:68 +msgid "comment" +msgstr "注释" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:68 +msgid "hash character" +msgstr "hash 字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:68 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:82 +msgid "# (hash)" +msgstr "# (hash)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:82 +msgid "source character set" +msgstr "源字符集合" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:82 +msgid "encoding declarations (source file)" +msgstr "编码格式声明（源文件）" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:82 +msgid "source encoding declaration" +msgstr "源文件编码格式声明" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:115 +msgid "line continuation" +msgstr "行连续" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:115 +msgid "backslash character" +msgstr "反斜杠字符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:160 +msgid "blank line" +msgstr "空行" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:175 +msgid "indentation" +msgstr "缩进" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:175 +msgid "leading whitespace" +msgstr "开头空格" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:175 +msgid "space" +msgstr "space" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:175 +msgid "tab" +msgstr "tab" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:175 +msgid "grouping" +msgstr "分组" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:175 +msgid "statement grouping" +msgstr "语句分组" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:203 +msgid "INDENT token" +msgstr "INDENT 形符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:203 +msgid "DEDENT token" +msgstr "DEDENT 形符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:278 +msgid "identifier" +msgstr "标识符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:278 +msgid "name" +msgstr "name" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:334 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:358 +msgid "keyword" +msgstr "关键字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:334 +msgid "reserved word" +msgstr "保留字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:358 +msgid "soft keyword" +msgstr "软关键字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:377 +msgid "_, identifiers" +msgstr "_, 标识符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:377 +msgid "__, identifiers" +msgstr "__, 标识符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:433 +msgid "literal" +msgstr "字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:433 +msgid "constant" +msgstr "常量" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:438 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:479 +msgid "string literal" +msgstr "字符串字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:438 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:492 +msgid "bytes literal" +msgstr "字节串字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:438 +msgid "ASCII" +msgstr "ASCII" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:438 +msgid "' (single quote)" +msgstr "' (单引号)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:438 +msgid "\" (double quote)" +msgstr "\" (双引号)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:438 +msgid "u'" +msgstr "u'" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:438 +msgid "u\"" +msgstr "u\"" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:479 +msgid "triple-quoted string" +msgstr "triple-quoted string -- 三引号字符串" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:479 +msgid "Unicode Consortium" +msgstr "Unicode Consortium" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:479 +msgid "raw string" +msgstr "原始字符串" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:479 +msgid "\"\"\"" +msgstr "\"\"\"" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:479 +msgid "'''" +msgstr "'''" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:492 +msgid "b'" +msgstr "b'" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:492 +msgid "b\"" +msgstr "b\"" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:501 +msgid "r'" +msgstr "r'" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:501 +msgid "raw string literal" +msgstr "原始字符串字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:501 +msgid "r\"" +msgstr "r\"" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:519 +msgid "f'" +msgstr "f'" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:519 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "formatted string literal" +msgstr "格式字符串字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:519 +msgid "f\"" +msgstr "f\"" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "escape sequence" +msgstr "转义序列" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "Standard C" +msgstr "标准 C" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "C" +msgstr "C" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\ (backslash)" +msgstr "\\ (反斜杠)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\\\" +msgstr "\\\\" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\a" +msgstr "\\a" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\b" +msgstr "\\b" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\f" +msgstr "\\f" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\n" +msgstr "\\n" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\r" +msgstr "\\r" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\t" +msgstr "\\t" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\v" +msgstr "\\v" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\x" +msgstr "\\x" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\u" +msgstr "\\u" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:532 +msgid "\\U" +msgstr "\\U" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:648 +msgid "unrecognized escape sequence" +msgstr "无法识别的转义序列" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "interpolated string literal" +msgstr "插值字符串字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "formatted literal" +msgstr "格式化字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "interpolated literal" +msgstr "插值字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "f-string" +msgstr "f-string -- f-字符串" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "fstring" +msgstr "fstring" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "{} (curly brackets)" +msgstr "{} (花括号)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "in formatted string literal" +msgstr "格式字符串字面值形式" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "! (exclamation)" +msgstr "! (感叹号)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "= (equals)" +msgstr "= (等于号)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:697 +msgid "for help in debugging using string literals" +msgstr "用于帮助使用字符串字面值进行调试" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "number" +msgstr "数字" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "numeric literal" +msgstr "数字字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:893 +msgid "integer literal" +msgstr "整数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "floating-point literal" +msgstr "浮点数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "hexadecimal literal" +msgstr "十六进制数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "octal literal" +msgstr "八进制数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "binary literal" +msgstr "二进制数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "decimal literal" +msgstr "十进制数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "imaginary literal" +msgstr "虚数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:880 +msgid "complex literal" +msgstr "复数字面值" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:893 +msgid "0b" +msgstr "0b" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:893 +msgid "0o" +msgstr "0o" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:893 +msgid "0x" +msgstr "0x" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:893 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:939 +msgid "_ (underscore)" +msgstr "_ (下划线)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:893 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:939 +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:971 +msgid "in numeric literal" +msgstr "数字字面值形式" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:939 +msgid ". (dot)" +msgstr ". (点号)" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:939 +msgid "e" +msgstr "e" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:971 +msgid "j" +msgstr "j" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:997 +msgid "operators" +msgstr "运算符" + +#: ../../reference/lexical_analysis.rst:1014 +msgid "delimiters" +msgstr "分隔符" diff --git a/reference/simple_stmts.po b/reference/simple_stmts.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..142ea17c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/simple_stmts.po @@ -0,0 +1,1938 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# sgqy , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Xu Siyuan, 2023 +# Jiuh.star , 2023 +# Y. Z. Chen <754097987@qq.com>, 2023 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-06 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:6 +msgid "Simple statements" +msgstr "简单语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:10 +msgid "" +"A simple statement is comprised within a single logical line. Several simple" +" statements may occur on a single line separated by semicolons. The syntax " +"for simple statements is:" +msgstr "简单语句由一个单独的逻辑行构成。 多条简单语句可以存在于同一行内并以分号分隔。 简单语句的句法为:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:37 +msgid "Expression statements" +msgstr "表达式语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Expression statements are used (mostly interactively) to compute and write a" +" value, or (usually) to call a procedure (a function that returns no " +"meaningful result; in Python, procedures return the value ``None``). Other " +"uses of expression statements are allowed and occasionally useful. The " +"syntax for an expression statement is:" +msgstr "" +"表达式语句用于计算和写入值（大多是在交互模式下），或者（通常情况）调用一个过程 (过程就是不返回有意义结果的函数；在 Python 中，过程的返回值为 " +"``None``)。 表达式语句的其他使用方式也是允许且有特定用处的。 表达式语句的句法为:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:53 +msgid "" +"An expression statement evaluates the expression list (which may be a single" +" expression)." +msgstr "表达式语句会对指定的表达式列表（也可能为单一表达式）进行求值。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:65 +msgid "" +"In interactive mode, if the value is not ``None``, it is converted to a " +"string using the built-in :func:`repr` function and the resulting string is " +"written to standard output on a line by itself (except if the result is " +"``None``, so that procedure calls do not cause any output.)" +msgstr "" +"在交互模式下，如果结果值不为 ``None``，它会通过内置的 :func:`repr` " +"函数转换为一个字符串，该结果字符串将以单独一行的形式写入标准输出（例外情况是如果结果为 ``None``，则该过程调用不产生任何输出。）" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:73 +msgid "Assignment statements" +msgstr "赋值语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Assignment statements are used to (re)bind names to values and to modify " +"attributes or items of mutable objects:" +msgstr "赋值语句用于将名称（重）绑定到特定值，以及修改属性或可变对象的成员项:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:97 +msgid "" +"(See section :ref:`primaries` for the syntax definitions for *attributeref*," +" *subscription*, and *slicing*.)" +msgstr "(请参阅 :ref:`primaries` 一节了解 *属性引用*, *抽取* 和 *切片* 的句法定义。)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:100 +msgid "" +"An assignment statement evaluates the expression list (remember that this " +"can be a single expression or a comma-separated list, the latter yielding a " +"tuple) and assigns the single resulting object to each of the target lists, " +"from left to right." +msgstr "" +"赋值语句会对指定的表达式列表进行求值（注意这可能为单一表达式或是由逗号分隔的列表，后者将产生一个元组）并将单一结果对象从左至右逐个赋值给目标列表。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Assignment is defined recursively depending on the form of the target " +"(list). When a target is part of a mutable object (an attribute reference, " +"subscription or slicing), the mutable object must ultimately perform the " +"assignment and decide about its validity, and may raise an exception if the " +"assignment is unacceptable. The rules observed by various types and the " +"exceptions raised are given with the definition of the object types (see " +"section :ref:`types`)." +msgstr "" +"赋值是根据目标（列表）的格式递归地定义的。 " +"当目标为一个可变对象（属性引用、抽取或切片）的组成部分时，该可变对象必须最终执行赋值并决定其有效性，如果赋值操作不可接受也可能引发异常。 " +"各种类型可用的规则和引发的异常通过对象类型的定义给出（参见 :ref:`types` 一节）。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Assignment of an object to a target list, optionally enclosed in parentheses" +" or square brackets, is recursively defined as follows." +msgstr "对象赋值的目标对象可以包含于圆括号或方括号内，具体操作按以下方式递归地定义。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:125 +msgid "" +"If the target list is a single target with no trailing comma, optionally in " +"parentheses, the object is assigned to that target." +msgstr "如果目标列表为后面不带逗号、可以包含于圆括号内的单一目标，则将对象赋值给该目标。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:128 +msgid "Else:" +msgstr "否则:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:130 +msgid "" +"If the target list contains one target prefixed with an asterisk, called a " +"\"starred\" target: The object must be an iterable with at least as many " +"items as there are targets in the target list, minus one. The first items " +"of the iterable are assigned, from left to right, to the targets before the " +"starred target. The final items of the iterable are assigned to the targets" +" after the starred target. A list of the remaining items in the iterable is" +" then assigned to the starred target (the list can be empty)." +msgstr "" +"如果目标列表包含一个带有星号前缀的目标，这称为“加星”目标：则该对象至少必须为与目标列表项数减一相同项数的可迭代对象。 " +"该可迭代对象前面的项将按从左至右的顺序被赋值给加星目标之前的目标。 该可迭代对象末尾的项将被赋值给加星目标之后的目标。 " +"然后该可迭代对象中剩余项的列表将被赋值给加星目标（该列表可以为空）。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:138 +msgid "" +"Else: The object must be an iterable with the same number of items as there " +"are targets in the target list, and the items are assigned, from left to " +"right, to the corresponding targets." +msgstr "否则：该对象必须为具有与目标列表相同项数的可迭代对象，这些项将按从左至右的顺序被赋值给对应的目标。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:142 +msgid "" +"Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively defined as " +"follows." +msgstr "对象赋值给单个目标的操作按以下方式递归地定义。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:144 +msgid "If the target is an identifier (name):" +msgstr "如果目标为标识符（名称）:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:146 +msgid "" +"If the name does not occur in a :keyword:`global` or :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"statement in the current code block: the name is bound to the object in the " +"current local namespace." +msgstr "" +"如果该名称未出现于当前代码块的 :keyword:`global` 或 :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"语句中：该名称将被绑定到当前局部命名空间的对象。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:150 +msgid "" +"Otherwise: the name is bound to the object in the global namespace or the " +"outer namespace determined by :keyword:`nonlocal`, respectively." +msgstr "否则：该名称将被分别绑定到全局命名空间或由 :keyword:`nonlocal` 所确定的外层命名空间的对象。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:155 +msgid "" +"The name is rebound if it was already bound. This may cause the reference " +"count for the object previously bound to the name to reach zero, causing the" +" object to be deallocated and its destructor (if it has one) to be called." +msgstr "" +"如果该名称已经被绑定则将被重新绑定。 这可能导致之前被绑定到该名称的对象的引用计数变为零，造成该对象进入释放过程并调用其析构器（如果存在）。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:161 +msgid "" +"If the target is an attribute reference: The primary expression in the " +"reference is evaluated. It should yield an object with assignable " +"attributes; if this is not the case, :exc:`TypeError` is raised. That " +"object is then asked to assign the assigned object to the given attribute; " +"if it cannot perform the assignment, it raises an exception (usually but not" +" necessarily :exc:`AttributeError`)." +msgstr "" +"如果该对象为属性引用：引用中的原型表达式会被求值。 它应该产生一个具有可赋值属性的对象；否则将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 " +"该对象会被要求将可赋值对象赋值给指定的属性；如果它无法执行赋值，则会引发异常 (通常应为 :exc:`AttributeError` 但并不强制要求)。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:170 +msgid "" +"Note: If the object is a class instance and the attribute reference occurs " +"on both sides of the assignment operator, the right-hand side expression, " +"``a.x`` can access either an instance attribute or (if no instance attribute" +" exists) a class attribute. The left-hand side target ``a.x`` is always set" +" as an instance attribute, creating it if necessary. Thus, the two " +"occurrences of ``a.x`` do not necessarily refer to the same attribute: if " +"the right-hand side expression refers to a class attribute, the left-hand " +"side creates a new instance attribute as the target of the assignment::" +msgstr "" +"注意：如果该对象为类实例并且属性引用在赋值运算符的两侧都出现，则右侧表达式 ``a.x`` 可以访问实例属性或（如果实例属性不存在）类属性。 左侧目标 " +"``a.x`` 将总是设定为实例属性，并在必要时创建该实例属性。 因此 ``a.x`` " +"的两次出现不一定指向相同的属性：如果右侧表达式指向一个类属性，则左侧会创建一个新的实例属性作为赋值的目标::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:179 +msgid "" +"class Cls:\n" +" x = 3 # class variable\n" +"inst = Cls()\n" +"inst.x = inst.x + 1 # writes inst.x as 4 leaving Cls.x as 3" +msgstr "" +"class Cls:\n" +" x = 3 # 类变量\n" +"inst = Cls()\n" +"inst.x = inst.x + 1 # 将 inst.x 改为 4 而 Cls.x 仍为 3" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:184 +msgid "" +"This description does not necessarily apply to descriptor attributes, such " +"as properties created with :func:`property`." +msgstr "此描述不一定作用于描述器属性，例如通过 :func:`property` 创建的特征属性。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:191 +msgid "" +"If the target is a subscription: The primary expression in the reference is " +"evaluated. It should yield either a mutable sequence object (such as a " +"list) or a mapping object (such as a dictionary). Next, the subscript " +"expression is evaluated." +msgstr "" +"如果目标为一个抽取项：引用中的原型表达式会被求值。 它应当产生一个可变序列对象（例如列表）或一个映射对象（例如字典）。 接下来，该抽取表达式会被求值。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:200 +msgid "" +"If the primary is a mutable sequence object (such as a list), the subscript " +"must yield an integer. If it is negative, the sequence's length is added to" +" it. The resulting value must be a nonnegative integer less than the " +"sequence's length, and the sequence is asked to assign the assigned object " +"to its item with that index. If the index is out of range, " +":exc:`IndexError` is raised (assignment to a subscripted sequence cannot add" +" new items to a list)." +msgstr "" +"如果原型为一个可变序列对象（例如列表），抽取应产生一个整数。 如其为负值，则再加上序列长度。 " +"结果值必须为一个小于序列长度的非负整数，序列将把被赋值对象赋值给该整数指定索引号的项。 如果索引超出范围，将会引发 :exc:`IndexError` " +"(给被抽取序列赋值不能向列表添加新项)。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:211 +msgid "" +"If the primary is a mapping object (such as a dictionary), the subscript " +"must have a type compatible with the mapping's key type, and the mapping is " +"then asked to create a key/value pair which maps the subscript to the " +"assigned object. This can either replace an existing key/value pair with " +"the same key value, or insert a new key/value pair (if no key with the same " +"value existed)." +msgstr "" +"如果原型为一个映射对象（例如字典），下标必须具有与该映射的键类型相兼容的类型，然后映射中会创建一个将下标映射到被赋值对象的键/值对。 " +"这可以是替换一个现有键/值对并保持相同键值，也可以是插入一个新键/值对（如果具有相同值的键不存在）。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:217 +msgid "" +"For user-defined objects, the :meth:`~object.__setitem__` method is called " +"with appropriate arguments." +msgstr "对于用户自定义对象，会调用 :meth:`~object.__setitem__` 方法并附带适当的参数。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:222 +msgid "" +"If the target is a slicing: The primary expression in the reference is " +"evaluated. It should yield a mutable sequence object (such as a list). The" +" assigned object should be a sequence object of the same type. Next, the " +"lower and upper bound expressions are evaluated, insofar they are present; " +"defaults are zero and the sequence's length. The bounds should evaluate to " +"integers. If either bound is negative, the sequence's length is added to it." +" The resulting bounds are clipped to lie between zero and the sequence's " +"length, inclusive. Finally, the sequence object is asked to replace the " +"slice with the items of the assigned sequence. The length of the slice may " +"be different from the length of the assigned sequence, thus changing the " +"length of the target sequence, if the target sequence allows it." +msgstr "" +"如果目标为一个切片：引用中的原型表达式会被求值。 它应当产生一个可变序列对象（例如列表）。 被赋值对象应当是一个相同类型的序列对象。 " +"接下来，下界与上界表达式如果存在的话将被求值；默认值分别为零和序列长度。 上下边界值应当为整数。 如果某一边界为负值，则会加上序列长度。 " +"求出的边界会被裁剪至介于零和序列长度的开区间中。 最后，将要求序列对象以被赋值序列的项替换该切片。 " +"切片的长度可能与被赋值序列的长度不同，这会在目标序列允许的情况下改变目标序列的长度。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:236 +msgid "" +"In the current implementation, the syntax for targets is taken to be the " +"same as for expressions, and invalid syntax is rejected during the code " +"generation phase, causing less detailed error messages." +msgstr "在当前实现中，目标的句法被当作与表达式的句法相同，无效的句法会在代码生成阶段被拒绝，导致不太详细的错误信息。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Although the definition of assignment implies that overlaps between the " +"left-hand side and the right-hand side are 'simultaneous' (for example ``a, " +"b = b, a`` swaps two variables), overlaps *within* the collection of " +"assigned-to variables occur left-to-right, sometimes resulting in confusion." +" For instance, the following program prints ``[0, 2]``::" +msgstr "" +"虽然赋值的定义意味着左手边与右手边的重叠是“同时”进行的（例如 ``a, b = b, a`` 会交换两个变量的值），但在赋值给变量的多项集 *之内* " +"的重叠是从左至右进行的，这有时会令人混淆。 例如，以下程序将会打印出 ``[0, 2]``::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:246 +msgid "" +"x = [0, 1]\n" +"i = 0\n" +"i, x[i] = 1, 2 # i is updated, then x[i] is updated\n" +"print(x)" +msgstr "" +"x = [0, 1]\n" +"i = 0\n" +"i, x[i] = 1, 2 # 先更新 i，再更新 x[i]\n" +"print(x)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:254 +msgid ":pep:`3132` - Extended Iterable Unpacking" +msgstr ":pep:`3132` - 扩展的可迭代对象拆包" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:255 +msgid "The specification for the ``*target`` feature." +msgstr "对 ``*target`` 特性的规范说明。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:261 +msgid "Augmented assignment statements" +msgstr "增强赋值语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Augmented assignment is the combination, in a single statement, of a binary " +"operation and an assignment statement:" +msgstr "增强赋值语句就是在单个语句中将二元运算和赋值语句合为一体:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:288 +msgid "" +"(See section :ref:`primaries` for the syntax definitions of the last three " +"symbols.)" +msgstr "（请参阅 :ref:`primaries` 一节了解最后三种符号的句法定义。）" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:291 +msgid "" +"An augmented assignment evaluates the target (which, unlike normal " +"assignment statements, cannot be an unpacking) and the expression list, " +"performs the binary operation specific to the type of assignment on the two " +"operands, and assigns the result to the original target. The target is only" +" evaluated once." +msgstr "" +"增强赋值语句将对目标和表达式列表求值（与普通赋值语句不同的是，前者不能为可迭代对象拆包），对两个操作数相应类型的赋值执行指定的二元运算，并将结果赋值给原始目标。" +" 目标仅会被求值一次。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:296 +msgid "" +"An augmented assignment statement like ``x += 1`` can be rewritten as ``x = " +"x + 1`` to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In the augmented" +" version, ``x`` is only evaluated once. Also, when possible, the actual " +"operation is performed *in-place*, meaning that rather than creating a new " +"object and assigning that to the target, the old object is modified instead." +msgstr "" +"增强赋值语句如 ``x += 1`` 可以被改写为 ``x = x + 1`` 以获得类似的、但并非完全等价的效果。 在增强赋值版本中，``x`` " +"仅会被求值一次。 而且，在可能的情况下，实际的运算是 *原地* 执行的，这意味着并不是创建一个新对象并将其赋值给目标，而是直接修改原对象。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:302 +msgid "" +"Unlike normal assignments, augmented assignments evaluate the left-hand side" +" *before* evaluating the right-hand side. For example, ``a[i] += f(x)`` " +"first looks-up ``a[i]``, then it evaluates ``f(x)`` and performs the " +"addition, and lastly, it writes the result back to ``a[i]``." +msgstr "" +"不同于普通赋值，增强赋值会在对右手边求值 *之前* 对左手边求值。 例如，``a[i] += f(x)`` 首先查找 ``a[i]``，然后对 " +"``f(x)`` 求值并执行加法操作，最后将结果写回到 ``a[i]``。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:307 +msgid "" +"With the exception of assigning to tuples and multiple targets in a single " +"statement, the assignment done by augmented assignment statements is handled" +" the same way as normal assignments. Similarly, with the exception of the " +"possible *in-place* behavior, the binary operation performed by augmented " +"assignment is the same as the normal binary operations." +msgstr "" +"除了在单个语句中赋值给元组和多个目标的例外情况，增强赋值语句的赋值操作处理方式与普通赋值相同。 类似地，除了可能存在 *原地* " +"操作行为的例外情况，增强赋值语句执行的二元运算也与普通二元运算相同。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:313 +msgid "" +"For targets which are attribute references, the same :ref:`caveat about " +"class and instance attributes ` applies as for regular " +"assignments." +msgstr "对于属性引用类目标，针对常规赋值的 :ref:`关于类和实例属性的警告 ` 也同样适用。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:320 +msgid "Annotated assignment statements" +msgstr "带标注的赋值语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:327 +msgid "" +":term:`Annotation ` assignment is the combination, in a" +" single statement, of a variable or attribute annotation and an optional " +"assignment statement:" +msgstr ":term:`标注 ` 赋值就是在单个语句中将变量或属性标注和可选的赋值语句合为一体:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:334 +msgid "" +"The difference from normal :ref:`assignment` is that only a single target is" +" allowed." +msgstr "与普通 :ref:`assignment` 的差别在于仅允许单个目标。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:336 +msgid "" +"The assignment target is considered \"simple\" if it consists of a single " +"name that is not enclosed in parentheses. For simple assignment targets, if " +"in class or module scope, the annotations are evaluated and stored in a " +"special class or module attribute :attr:`__annotations__` that is a " +"dictionary mapping from variable names (mangled if private) to evaluated " +"annotations. This attribute is writable and is automatically created at the " +"start of class or module body execution, if annotations are found " +"statically." +msgstr "" +"如果赋值目标由不带圆括号的单个名称组成则称为“简单”赋值目标。 对于简单赋值目标，如果处在类或模块作用域中，标注将被求值并存储到一个特殊的类或模块属性 " +":attr:`__annotations__` 中，该属性是一个将变量名称（如为私有则将移除）映射到被求值标注的字典。 " +"此属性为可写属性并且在类或模块体开始执行时自动创建，如果静态地发现标注的话。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:346 +msgid "" +"If the assignment target is not simple (an attribute, subscript node, or " +"parenthesized name), the annotation is evaluated if in class or module " +"scope, but not stored." +msgstr "如果赋值目标不是简单赋值目标（属性、下标节点或带圆括号的名称），则如果标注处在类或模块作用域中则会被求值，但不会被存储。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:350 +msgid "" +"If a name is annotated in a function scope, then this name is local for that" +" scope. Annotations are never evaluated and stored in function scopes." +msgstr "如果一个名称在函数作用域内被标注，则该名称为该作用域的局部变量。 标注绝不会在函数作用域内被求值和保存。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:353 +msgid "" +"If the right hand side is present, an annotated assignment performs the " +"actual assignment before evaluating annotations (where applicable). If the " +"right hand side is not present for an expression target, then the " +"interpreter evaluates the target except for the last " +":meth:`~object.__setitem__` or :meth:`~object.__setattr__` call." +msgstr "" +"如果存在右手边，带标注的赋值会在对标注求值之前（如果适用）执行实际的赋值。 如果用作表达式目标的右手边不存在，则解释器会对目标求值，但最后的 " +":meth:`~object.__setitem__` 或 :meth:`~object.__setattr__` 调用除外。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:361 +msgid ":pep:`526` - Syntax for Variable Annotations" +msgstr ":pep:`526` - 变量标注的语法" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:362 +msgid "" +"The proposal that added syntax for annotating the types of variables " +"(including class variables and instance variables), instead of expressing " +"them through comments." +msgstr "该提议增加了标注变量（也包括类变量和实例变量）类型的语法，而不再是通过注释来进行表达。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:366 +msgid ":pep:`484` - Type hints" +msgstr ":pep:`484` - 类型提示" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:367 +msgid "" +"The proposal that added the :mod:`typing` module to provide a standard " +"syntax for type annotations that can be used in static analysis tools and " +"IDEs." +msgstr "该提议增加了 :mod:`typing` 模块以便为类型标注提供标准句法，可被静态分析工具和 IDE 所使用。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:371 +msgid "" +"Now annotated assignments allow the same expressions in the right hand side " +"as regular assignments. Previously, some expressions (like un-parenthesized " +"tuple expressions) caused a syntax error." +msgstr "现在带有标注的赋值允许在右边以同样的表达式作为常规赋值。 之前某些表达式（例如未加圆括号的元组表达式）会导致语法错误。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:380 +msgid "The :keyword:`!assert` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!assert` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Assert statements are a convenient way to insert debugging assertions into a" +" program:" +msgstr "assert 语句是在程序中插入调试性断言的简便方式:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:393 +msgid "The simple form, ``assert expression``, is equivalent to ::" +msgstr "简单形式 ``assert expression`` 等价于 ::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:395 +msgid "" +"if __debug__:\n" +" if not expression: raise AssertionError" +msgstr "" +"if __debug__:\n" +" if not expression: raise AssertionError" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:398 +msgid "" +"The extended form, ``assert expression1, expression2``, is equivalent to ::" +msgstr "扩展形式 ``assert expression1, expression2`` 等价于 ::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:400 +msgid "" +"if __debug__:\n" +" if not expression1: raise AssertionError(expression2)" +msgstr "" +"if __debug__:\n" +" if not expression1: raise AssertionError(expression2)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:407 +msgid "" +"These equivalences assume that :const:`__debug__` and :exc:`AssertionError` " +"refer to the built-in variables with those names. In the current " +"implementation, the built-in variable ``__debug__`` is ``True`` under normal" +" circumstances, ``False`` when optimization is requested (command line " +"option :option:`-O`). The current code generator emits no code for an " +":keyword:`assert` statement when optimization is requested at compile time." +" Note that it is unnecessary to include the source code for the expression " +"that failed in the error message; it will be displayed as part of the stack " +"trace." +msgstr "" +"这些等价形式假定 :const:`__debug__` 和 :exc:`AssertionError` 指向具有指定名称的内置变量。 " +"在当前实现中，内置变量 ``__debug__`` 在正常情况下为 ``True``，在请求优化时为 ``False`` (对应命令行选项为 " +":option:`-O`)。 如果在编译时请求优化则当前代码生成器不会为 :keyword:`assert` 语句发出任何代码。 " +"请注意不需要在错误信息中包括失败的表达式的源代码；它会作为栈回溯的一部分被显示。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Assignments to :const:`__debug__` are illegal. The value for the built-in " +"variable is determined when the interpreter starts." +msgstr "赋值给 :const:`__debug__` 是非法的。 该内置变量的值会在解释器启动时确定。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:423 +msgid "The :keyword:`!pass` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!pass` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:433 +msgid "" +":keyword:`pass` is a null operation --- when it is executed, nothing " +"happens. It is useful as a placeholder when a statement is required " +"syntactically, but no code needs to be executed, for example::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`pass` 是一个空操作 --- 当它被执行时，什么都不发生。 " +"它适合当语法上需要一条语句但并不需要执行任何代码时用来临时占位，例如::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:437 +msgid "" +"def f(arg): pass # a function that does nothing (yet)\n" +"\n" +"class C: pass # a class with no methods (yet)" +msgstr "" +"def f(arg): pass # 一个（目前）不做任何事的函数\n" +"\n" +"class C: pass # 一个（目前）没有任何方法的类" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:445 +msgid "The :keyword:`!del` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!del` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:455 +msgid "" +"Deletion is recursively defined very similar to the way assignment is " +"defined. Rather than spelling it out in full details, here are some hints." +msgstr "删除是递归定义的，与赋值的定义方式非常类似。 此处不再详细说明，只给出一些提示。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Deletion of a target list recursively deletes each target, from left to " +"right." +msgstr "目标列表的删除将从左至右递归地删除每一个目标。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Deletion of a name removes the binding of that name from the local or global" +" namespace, depending on whether the name occurs in a :keyword:`global` " +"statement in the same code block. If the name is unbound, a " +":exc:`NameError` exception will be raised." +msgstr "" +"名称的删除将从局部或全局命名空间中移除该名称的绑定，具体作用域的确定是看该名称是否有在同一代码块的 :keyword:`global` 语句中出现。 " +"如果该名称未被绑定，将会引发 :exc:`NameError`。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:471 +msgid "" +"Deletion of attribute references, subscriptions and slicings is passed to " +"the primary object involved; deletion of a slicing is in general equivalent " +"to assignment of an empty slice of the right type (but even this is " +"determined by the sliced object)." +msgstr "属性引用、抽取和切片的删除会被传递给相应的原型对象；删除一个切片基本等价于赋值为一个右侧类型的空切片（但即便这一点也是由切片对象决定的）。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:476 +msgid "" +"Previously it was illegal to delete a name from the local namespace if it " +"occurs as a free variable in a nested block." +msgstr "在之前版本中，如果一个名称作为被嵌套代码块中的自由变量出现，则将其从局部命名空间中删除是非法的。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:484 +msgid "The :keyword:`!return` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!return` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:494 +msgid "" +":keyword:`return` may only occur syntactically nested in a function " +"definition, not within a nested class definition." +msgstr ":keyword:`return` 在语法上只会出现于函数定义所嵌套的代码，不会出现于类定义所嵌套的代码。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:497 +msgid "" +"If an expression list is present, it is evaluated, else ``None`` is " +"substituted." +msgstr "如果提供了表达式列表，它将被求值，否则以 ``None`` 替代。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:499 +msgid "" +":keyword:`return` leaves the current function call with the expression list " +"(or ``None``) as return value." +msgstr ":keyword:`return` 会离开当前函数调用，并以表达式列表 (或 ``None``) 作为返回值。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:504 +msgid "" +"When :keyword:`return` passes control out of a :keyword:`try` statement with" +" a :keyword:`finally` clause, that :keyword:`!finally` clause is executed " +"before really leaving the function." +msgstr "" +"当 :keyword:`return` 将控制流传出一个带有 :keyword:`finally` 子句的 :keyword:`try` 语句时，该 " +":keyword:`!finally` 子句会先被执行然后再真正离开该函数。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:508 +msgid "" +"In a generator function, the :keyword:`return` statement indicates that the " +"generator is done and will cause :exc:`StopIteration` to be raised. The " +"returned value (if any) is used as an argument to construct " +":exc:`StopIteration` and becomes the :attr:`StopIteration.value` attribute." +msgstr "" +"在一个生成器函数中，:keyword:`return` 语句表示生成器已完成并将导致 :exc:`StopIteration` 被引发。 " +"返回值（如果有的话）会被当作一个参数用来构建 :exc:`StopIteration` 并成为 :attr:`StopIteration.value` " +"属性。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:513 +msgid "" +"In an asynchronous generator function, an empty :keyword:`return` statement " +"indicates that the asynchronous generator is done and will cause " +":exc:`StopAsyncIteration` to be raised. A non-empty :keyword:`!return` " +"statement is a syntax error in an asynchronous generator function." +msgstr "" +"在一个异步生成器函数中，一个空的 :keyword:`return` 语句表示异步生成器已完成并将导致 " +":exc:`StopAsyncIteration` 被引发。 一个非空的 :keyword:`!return` 语句在异步生成器函数中会导致语法错误。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:521 +msgid "The :keyword:`!yield` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!yield` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:533 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`yield` statement is semantically equivalent to a :ref:`yield " +"expression `. The ``yield`` statement can be used to omit the " +"parentheses that would otherwise be required in the equivalent yield " +"expression statement. For example, the yield statements ::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`yield` 语句在语义上等同于 :ref:`yield 表达式 `。 ``yield`` " +"语句可用来省略在使用等效的 yield 表达式语句时所必须的圆括号。 例如，以下 yield 语句 ::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:538 +msgid "" +"yield \n" +"yield from " +msgstr "" +"yield \n" +"yield from " + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:541 +msgid "are equivalent to the yield expression statements ::" +msgstr "等同于以下 yield 表达式语句 ::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:543 +msgid "" +"(yield )\n" +"(yield from )" +msgstr "" +"(yield )\n" +"(yield from )" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:546 +msgid "" +"Yield expressions and statements are only used when defining a " +":term:`generator` function, and are only used in the body of the generator " +"function. Using :keyword:`yield` in a function definition is sufficient to " +"cause that definition to create a generator function instead of a normal " +"function." +msgstr "" +"yield 表达式和语句仅在定义 :term:`generator` 函数时使用，并且仅被用于生成器函数的函数体内部。 在函数定义中使用 " +":keyword:`yield` 就足以使得该定义创建的是生成器函数而非普通函数。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:551 +msgid "" +"For full details of :keyword:`yield` semantics, refer to the " +":ref:`yieldexpr` section." +msgstr "有关 :keyword:`yield` 语义的完整细节请参看 :ref:`yieldexpr` 一节。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:557 +msgid "The :keyword:`!raise` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!raise` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:568 +msgid "" +"If no expressions are present, :keyword:`raise` re-raises the exception that" +" is currently being handled, which is also known as the *active exception*. " +"If there isn't currently an active exception, a :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"exception is raised indicating that this is an error." +msgstr "" +"如果没有提供表达式，则 :keyword:`raise` 会重新引发当前正在处理的异常，它也被称为 *活动的异常*。 如果当前没有活动的异常，则会引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError` 来提示发生了错误。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:573 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, :keyword:`raise` evaluates the first expression as the exception " +"object. It must be either a subclass or an instance of " +":class:`BaseException`. If it is a class, the exception instance will be " +"obtained when needed by instantiating the class with no arguments." +msgstr "" +"否则的话，:keyword:`raise` 会将第一个表达式求值为异常对象。 它必须为 :class:`BaseException` 的子类或实例。 " +"如果它是一个类，当需要时会通过不带参数地实例化该类来获得异常的实例。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:578 +msgid "" +"The :dfn:`type` of the exception is the exception instance's class, the " +":dfn:`value` is the instance itself." +msgstr "异常的 :dfn:`类型` 为异常实例的类，:dfn:`值` 为实例本身。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:583 +msgid "" +"A traceback object is normally created automatically when an exception is " +"raised and attached to it as the :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` " +"attribute. You can create an exception and set your own traceback in one " +"step using the :meth:`~BaseException.with_traceback` exception method (which" +" returns the same exception instance, with its traceback set to its " +"argument), like so::" +msgstr "" +"当有异常被引发时通常会自动创建一个回溯对象并将其关联到它的 :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 属性。 " +"你可以创建一个异常并使用 :meth:`~BaseException.with_traceback` " +"异常方法直接设置你的回溯对象（该方法将返回同一异常实例，并将回溯对象设为其参数），就像这样::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:589 +msgid "raise Exception(\"foo occurred\").with_traceback(tracebackobj)" +msgstr "raise Exception(\"foo occurred\").with_traceback(tracebackobj)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:595 +msgid "" +"The ``from`` clause is used for exception chaining: if given, the second " +"*expression* must be another exception class or instance. If the second " +"expression is an exception instance, it will be attached to the raised " +"exception as the :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` attribute (which is " +"writable). If the expression is an exception class, the class will be " +"instantiated and the resulting exception instance will be attached to the " +"raised exception as the :attr:`!__cause__` attribute. If the raised " +"exception is not handled, both exceptions will be printed:" +msgstr "" +"``from`` 子句用于异常串连：如果给出该子句，则第二个 *表达式* 必须为另一个异常类或实例。 如果第二个表达式是一个异常实例，它将作为 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` 属性（为一个可写属性）被关联到所引发的异常。 " +"如果该表达式是一个异常类，这个类将被实例化且所生成的异常实例将作为 :attr:`!__cause__` 属性被关联到所引发的异常。 " +"如果所引发的异常未被处理，则两个异常都将被打印：" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:604 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... print(1 / 0)\n" +"... except Exception as exc:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\") from exc\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" print(1 / 0)\n" +" ~~^~~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\") from exc\n" +"RuntimeError: Something bad happened" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... print(1 / 0)\n" +"... except Exception as exc:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\") from exc\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" print(1 / 0)\n" +" ~~^~~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\") from exc\n" +"RuntimeError: Something bad happened" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:624 +msgid "" +"A similar mechanism works implicitly if a new exception is raised when an " +"exception is already being handled. An exception may be handled when an " +":keyword:`except` or :keyword:`finally` clause, or a :keyword:`with` " +"statement, is used. The previous exception is then attached as the new " +"exception's :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` attribute:" +msgstr "" +"当已经有一个异常在处理时如果有新的异常被引发则类似的机制会隐式地起作用。 异常可以通过使用 :keyword:`except` 或 " +":keyword:`finally` 子句或者 :keyword:`with` 语句来处理。 之前的异常将被关联至新异常的 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__` 属性：" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:630 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... print(1 / 0)\n" +"... except:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\")\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" print(1 / 0)\n" +" ~~^~~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\")\n" +"RuntimeError: Something bad happened" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... print(1 / 0)\n" +"... except:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\")\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" print(1 / 0)\n" +" ~~^~~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\")\n" +"RuntimeError: Something bad happened" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:650 +msgid "" +"Exception chaining can be explicitly suppressed by specifying :const:`None` " +"in the ``from`` clause:" +msgstr "异常串连可通过在 ``from`` 子句中指定 :const:`None` 来显式地加以抑制：" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:653 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... print(1 / 0)\n" +"... except:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\") from None\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +"RuntimeError: Something bad happened" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... print(1 / 0)\n" +"... except:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"Something bad happened\") from None\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +"RuntimeError: Something bad happened" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:664 +msgid "" +"Additional information on exceptions can be found in section " +":ref:`exceptions`, and information about handling exceptions is in section " +":ref:`try`." +msgstr "有关异常的更多信息可在 :ref:`exceptions` 一节查看，有关处理异常的信息可在 :ref:`try` 一节查看。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:667 +msgid ":const:`None` is now permitted as ``Y`` in ``raise X from Y``." +msgstr ":const:`None` 现在允许被用作 ``raise X from Y`` 中的 ``Y``。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:670 +msgid "" +"Added the :attr:`~BaseException.__suppress_context__` attribute to suppress " +"automatic display of the exception context." +msgstr "增加了 :attr:`~BaseException.__suppress_context__` 属性向来抑制异常上下文的自动显示。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:673 +msgid "" +"If the traceback of the active exception is modified in an :keyword:`except`" +" clause, a subsequent ``raise`` statement re-raises the exception with the " +"modified traceback. Previously, the exception was re-raised with the " +"traceback it had when it was caught." +msgstr "" +"如果活动异常的回溯在 :keyword:`except` 子句中被修改，则会有后续的 ``raise`` 语句重新引发该异常并附带被修改的回溯。 " +"在之前版本中，重新引发该异常则会附带它被捕获时的回溯。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:682 +msgid "The :keyword:`!break` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!break` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:693 +msgid "" +":keyword:`break` may only occur syntactically nested in a :keyword:`for` or " +":keyword:`while` loop, but not nested in a function or class definition " +"within that loop." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`break` 在语法上只会出现于 :keyword:`for` 或 :keyword:`while` " +"循环所嵌套的代码，但不会出现于该循环内部的函数或类定义所嵌套的代码。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:700 +msgid "" +"It terminates the nearest enclosing loop, skipping the optional " +":keyword:`!else` clause if the loop has one." +msgstr "它会终结最近的外层循环，如果循环有可选的 :keyword:`!else` 子句，也会跳过该子句。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:703 +msgid "" +"If a :keyword:`for` loop is terminated by :keyword:`break`, the loop control" +" target keeps its current value." +msgstr "如果一个 :keyword:`for` 循环被 :keyword:`break` 所终结，该循环的控制目标会保持其当前值。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:708 +msgid "" +"When :keyword:`break` passes control out of a :keyword:`try` statement with " +"a :keyword:`finally` clause, that :keyword:`!finally` clause is executed " +"before really leaving the loop." +msgstr "" +"当 :keyword:`break` 将控制流传出一个带有 :keyword:`finally` 子句的 :keyword:`try` 语句时，该 " +":keyword:`!finally` 子句会先被执行然后再真正离开该循环。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:716 +msgid "The :keyword:`!continue` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!continue` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:728 +msgid "" +":keyword:`continue` may only occur syntactically nested in a :keyword:`for` " +"or :keyword:`while` loop, but not nested in a function or class definition " +"within that loop. It continues with the next cycle of the nearest enclosing" +" loop." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`continue` 在语法上只会出现于 :keyword:`for` 或 :keyword:`while` " +"循环所嵌套的代码中，但不会出现于该循环内部的函数或类定义中。 它会继续执行最近的外层循环的下一个轮次。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:732 +msgid "" +"When :keyword:`continue` passes control out of a :keyword:`try` statement " +"with a :keyword:`finally` clause, that :keyword:`!finally` clause is " +"executed before really starting the next loop cycle." +msgstr "" +"当 :keyword:`continue` 将控制流传出一个带有 :keyword:`finally` 子句的 :keyword:`try` 语句时，该" +" :keyword:`!finally` 子句会先被执行然后再真正开始循环的下一个轮次。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:741 +msgid "The :keyword:`!import` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!import` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:762 +msgid "" +"The basic import statement (no :keyword:`from` clause) is executed in two " +"steps:" +msgstr "基本的 import 语句（不带 :keyword:`from` 子句）会分两步执行:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:765 +msgid "find a module, loading and initializing it if necessary" +msgstr "查找一个模块，如果有必要还会加载并初始化模块。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:766 +msgid "" +"define a name or names in the local namespace for the scope where the " +":keyword:`import` statement occurs." +msgstr "在局部命名空间中为 :keyword:`import` 语句发生位置所处的作用域定义一个或多个名称。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:769 +msgid "" +"When the statement contains multiple clauses (separated by commas) the two " +"steps are carried out separately for each clause, just as though the clauses" +" had been separated out into individual import statements." +msgstr "当语句包含多个子句（由逗号分隔）时这两个步骤将对每个子句分别执行，如同这些子句被分成独立的 import 语句一样。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:774 +msgid "" +"The details of the first step, finding and loading modules, are described in" +" greater detail in the section on the :ref:`import system `, " +"which also describes the various types of packages and modules that can be " +"imported, as well as all the hooks that can be used to customize the import " +"system. Note that failures in this step may indicate either that the module " +"could not be located, *or* that an error occurred while initializing the " +"module, which includes execution of the module's code." +msgstr "" +"第一个步骤，即查找和加载模块的细节在 :ref:`导入系统 ` " +"一节中有更详细的描述，其中也描述了可被导入的多种类型的包和模块，以及可用于定制导入系统的所有钩子对象。 " +"请注意如果这一步失败，则可能说明模块无法找到，*或者* 是在初始化模块，包括执行模块代码期间发生了错误。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:782 +msgid "" +"If the requested module is retrieved successfully, it will be made available" +" in the local namespace in one of three ways:" +msgstr "如果成功获取到请求的模块，则可以通过以下三种方式一之在局部命名空间中使用它:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:787 +msgid "" +"If the module name is followed by :keyword:`!as`, then the name following " +":keyword:`!as` is bound directly to the imported module." +msgstr "模块名后使用 :keyword:`!as` 时，直接把 :keyword:`!as` 后的名称与导入模块绑定。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:789 +msgid "" +"If no other name is specified, and the module being imported is a top level " +"module, the module's name is bound in the local namespace as a reference to " +"the imported module" +msgstr "如果没有指定其他名称，且被导入的模块为最高层级模块，则模块的名称将被绑定到局部命名空间作为对所导入模块的引用。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:792 +msgid "" +"If the module being imported is *not* a top level module, then the name of " +"the top level package that contains the module is bound in the local " +"namespace as a reference to the top level package. The imported module must " +"be accessed using its full qualified name rather than directly" +msgstr "" +"如果被导入的模块 *不是* 最高层级模块，则包含该模块的最高层级包的名称将被绑定到局部命名空间作为对该最高层级包的引用。 " +"所导入的模块必须使用其完整限定名称来访问而不能直接访问。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:802 +msgid "The :keyword:`from` form uses a slightly more complex process:" +msgstr ":keyword:`from` 形式使用的过程略微繁复一些:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:804 +msgid "" +"find the module specified in the :keyword:`from` clause, loading and " +"initializing it if necessary;" +msgstr "查找 :keyword:`from` 子句中指定的模块，如有必要还会加载并初始化模块；" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:806 +msgid "" +"for each of the identifiers specified in the :keyword:`import` clauses:" +msgstr "对于 :keyword:`import` 子句中指定的每个标识符：" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:808 +msgid "check if the imported module has an attribute by that name" +msgstr "检查被导入模块是否有该名称的属性" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:809 +msgid "" +"if not, attempt to import a submodule with that name and then check the " +"imported module again for that attribute" +msgstr "如果没有，尝试导入具有该名称的子模块，然后再次检查被导入模块是否有该属性" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:811 +msgid "if the attribute is not found, :exc:`ImportError` is raised." +msgstr "如果未找到该属性，则引发 :exc:`ImportError`。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:812 +msgid "" +"otherwise, a reference to that value is stored in the local namespace, using" +" the name in the :keyword:`!as` clause if it is present, otherwise using the" +" attribute name" +msgstr "否则的话，将对该值的引用存入局部命名空间，如果有 :keyword:`!as` 子句则使用其指定的名称，否则使用该属性的名称" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:816 +msgid "Examples::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:818 +msgid "" +"import foo # foo imported and bound locally\n" +"import foo.bar.baz # foo, foo.bar, and foo.bar.baz imported, foo bound locally\n" +"import foo.bar.baz as fbb # foo, foo.bar, and foo.bar.baz imported, foo.bar.baz bound as fbb\n" +"from foo.bar import baz # foo, foo.bar, and foo.bar.baz imported, foo.bar.baz bound as baz\n" +"from foo import attr # foo imported and foo.attr bound as attr" +msgstr "" +"import foo # foo 被导入并且被局部绑定\n" +"import foo.bar.baz # foo, foo.bar 和 foo.bar.baz 被导入，foo 被局部绑定\n" +"import foo.bar.baz as fbb # foo, foo.bar 和 foo.bar.baz 被导入，foo.bar.baz 被绑定为 fbb\n" +"from foo.bar import baz # foo, foo.bar 和 foo.bar.baz 被导入，foo.bar.baz 被绑定为 baz\n" +"from foo import attr # foo 被导入并且 foo.attr 被绑定为 attr" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:826 +msgid "" +"If the list of identifiers is replaced by a star (``'*'``), all public names" +" defined in the module are bound in the local namespace for the scope where " +"the :keyword:`import` statement occurs." +msgstr "" +"如果标识符列表改为一个星号 (``'*'``)，则在模块中定义的全部公有名称都将按 :keyword:`import` " +"语句所在的作用域被绑定到局部命名空间。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:832 +msgid "" +"The *public names* defined by a module are determined by checking the " +"module's namespace for a variable named ``__all__``; if defined, it must be " +"a sequence of strings which are names defined or imported by that module. " +"The names given in ``__all__`` are all considered public and are required to" +" exist. If ``__all__`` is not defined, the set of public names includes all" +" names found in the module's namespace which do not begin with an underscore" +" character (``'_'``). ``__all__`` should contain the entire public API. It " +"is intended to avoid accidentally exporting items that are not part of the " +"API (such as library modules which were imported and used within the " +"module)." +msgstr "" +"一个模块所定义的 *公有名称* 是由在模块的命名空间中检测一个名为 ``__all__`` " +"的变量来确定的；如果有定义，它必须是一个字符串列表，其中的项为该模块所定义或导入的名称。 在 ``__all__`` " +"中所给出的名称都会被视为公有并且应当存在。 如果 ``__all__`` 没有被定义，则公有名称的集合将包含在模块的命名空间中找到的所有不以下划线字符 " +"(``'_'``) 打头的名称。 ``__all__`` 应当包括整个公有 API。 它的目标是避免意外地导出不属于 API " +"的一部分的项（例如在模块内部被导入和使用的库模块）。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:842 +msgid "" +"The wild card form of import --- ``from module import *`` --- is only " +"allowed at the module level. Attempting to use it in class or function " +"definitions will raise a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" +"通配符形式的导入 --- ``from module import *`` --- 仅在模块层级上被允许。 尝试在类或函数定义中使用它将引发 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:849 +msgid "" +"When specifying what module to import you do not have to specify the " +"absolute name of the module. When a module or package is contained within " +"another package it is possible to make a relative import within the same top" +" package without having to mention the package name. By using leading dots " +"in the specified module or package after :keyword:`from` you can specify how" +" high to traverse up the current package hierarchy without specifying exact " +"names. One leading dot means the current package where the module making the" +" import exists. Two dots means up one package level. Three dots is up two " +"levels, etc. So if you execute ``from . import mod`` from a module in the " +"``pkg`` package then you will end up importing ``pkg.mod``. If you execute " +"``from ..subpkg2 import mod`` from within ``pkg.subpkg1`` you will import " +"``pkg.subpkg2.mod``. The specification for relative imports is contained in " +"the :ref:`relativeimports` section." +msgstr "" +"当指定要导入哪个模块时，你不必指定模块的绝对名称。 当一个模块或包被包含在另一个包之中时，可以在同一个最高层级包中进行相对导入，而不必提及包名称。 " +"通过在 :keyword:`from` 之后指定的模块或包中使用前缀点号，你可以在不指定确切名称的情况下指明在当前包层级结构中要上溯多少级。 " +"一个前缀点号表示是执行导入的模块所在的当前包，两个点号表示上溯一个包层级。 三个点号表示上溯两级，依此类推。 因此如果你执行 ``from . " +"import mod`` 时所处位置为 ``pkg`` 包内的一个模块，则最终你将导入 ``pkg.mod``。 如果你执行 ``from " +"..subpkg2 import mod`` 时所处位置为 ``pkg.subpkg1`` 则你将导入 ``pkg.subpkg2.mod``。 " +"有关相对导入的规范说明包含在 :ref:`relativeimports` 一节中。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:863 +msgid "" +":func:`importlib.import_module` is provided to support applications that " +"determine dynamically the modules to be loaded." +msgstr ":func:`importlib.import_module` 被提供用来为动态地确定要导入模块的应用提供支持。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:866 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``import`` with arguments " +"``module``, ``filename``, ``sys.path``, ``sys.meta_path``, " +"``sys.path_hooks``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``import`` 并附带参数 ``module``, ``filename``, " +"``sys.path``, ``sys.meta_path``, ``sys.path_hooks``。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:871 +msgid "Future statements" +msgstr "future 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:877 +msgid "" +"A :dfn:`future statement` is a directive to the compiler that a particular " +"module should be compiled using syntax or semantics that will be available " +"in a specified future release of Python where the feature becomes standard." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`future 语句` 是一种针对编译器的指令，指明某个特定模块应当使用在特定的未来某个 Python 发行版中成为标准特性的语法或语义。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:881 +msgid "" +"The future statement is intended to ease migration to future versions of " +"Python that introduce incompatible changes to the language. It allows use " +"of the new features on a per-module basis before the release in which the " +"feature becomes standard." +msgstr "" +"future 语句的目的是使得向在语言中引入了不兼容改变的 Python 未来版本的迁移更为容易。 " +"它允许基于每个模块在某种新特性成为标准之前的发行版中使用该特性。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:893 +msgid "" +"A future statement must appear near the top of the module. The only lines " +"that can appear before a future statement are:" +msgstr "future 语句必须在靠近模块开头的位置出现。 可以出现在 future 语句之前行只有:" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:896 +msgid "the module docstring (if any)," +msgstr "模块的文档字符串（如果存在），" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:897 +msgid "comments," +msgstr "注释，" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:898 +msgid "blank lines, and" +msgstr "空行，以及" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:899 +msgid "other future statements." +msgstr "其他 future 语句。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:901 +msgid "" +"The only feature that requires using the future statement is ``annotations``" +" (see :pep:`563`)." +msgstr "唯一需要使用 future 语句的特性是 ``标注`` (参见 :pep:`563`)。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:904 +msgid "" +"All historical features enabled by the future statement are still recognized" +" by Python 3. The list includes ``absolute_import``, ``division``, " +"``generators``, ``generator_stop``, ``unicode_literals``, " +"``print_function``, ``nested_scopes`` and ``with_statement``. They are all " +"redundant because they are always enabled, and only kept for backwards " +"compatibility." +msgstr "" +"future 语句所启用的所有历史特性仍然为 Python 3 所认可。 其中包括 ``absolute_import``, " +"``division``, ``generators``, ``generator_stop``, ``unicode_literals``, " +"``print_function``, ``nested_scopes`` 和 ``with_statement``。 " +"它们都已成为冗余项，因为它们总是为已启用状态，保留它们只是为了向后兼容。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:911 +msgid "" +"A future statement is recognized and treated specially at compile time: " +"Changes to the semantics of core constructs are often implemented by " +"generating different code. It may even be the case that a new feature " +"introduces new incompatible syntax (such as a new reserved word), in which " +"case the compiler may need to parse the module differently. Such decisions " +"cannot be pushed off until runtime." +msgstr "" +"future 语句在编译时会被识别并做特殊对待：对核心构造语义的改变常常是通过生成不同的代码来实现。 " +"新的特性甚至可能会引入新的不兼容语法（例如新的保留字），在这种情况下编译器可能需要以不同的方式来解析模块。 这样的决定不能推迟到运行时方才作出。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:918 +msgid "" +"For any given release, the compiler knows which feature names have been " +"defined, and raises a compile-time error if a future statement contains a " +"feature not known to it." +msgstr "对于任何给定的发布版本，编译器要知道哪些特性名称已被定义，如果某个 future 语句包含未知的特性则会引发编译时错误。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:922 +msgid "" +"The direct runtime semantics are the same as for any import statement: there" +" is a standard module :mod:`__future__`, described later, and it will be " +"imported in the usual way at the time the future statement is executed." +msgstr "" +"直接运行时的语义与任何 import 语句相同：存在一个后文将详细说明的标准模块 :mod:`__future__`，它会在执行 future " +"语句时以通常的方式被导入。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:926 +msgid "" +"The interesting runtime semantics depend on the specific feature enabled by " +"the future statement." +msgstr "相应的运行时语义取决于 future 语句所启用的指定特性。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:929 +msgid "Note that there is nothing special about the statement::" +msgstr "请注意以下语句没有任何特别之处::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:931 +msgid "import __future__ [as name]" +msgstr "import __future__ [as name]" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:933 +msgid "" +"That is not a future statement; it's an ordinary import statement with no " +"special semantics or syntax restrictions." +msgstr "这并非 future 语句；它只是一条没有特殊语义或语法限制的普通 import 语句。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:936 +msgid "" +"Code compiled by calls to the built-in functions :func:`exec` and " +":func:`compile` that occur in a module :mod:`!M` containing a future " +"statement will, by default, use the new syntax or semantics associated with " +"the future statement. This can be controlled by optional arguments to " +":func:`compile` --- see the documentation of that function for details." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，通过对内置函数 :func:`exec` 和 :func:`compile` 的调用编译的代码如果出现于一个包含有 future " +"语句的模块 :mod:`!M` 之中，就会使用该 future 语句所关联的语法和语义。 此行为可以通过传给 :func:`compile` " +"的可选参数来控制 --- 请参阅该函数的文档了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:942 +msgid "" +"A future statement typed at an interactive interpreter prompt will take " +"effect for the rest of the interpreter session. If an interpreter is " +"started with the :option:`-i` option, is passed a script name to execute, " +"and the script includes a future statement, it will be in effect in the " +"interactive session started after the script is executed." +msgstr "" +"在交互式解释器提示符中键入的 future 语句将在解释器会话此后的交互中有效。 如果一个解释器的启动使用了 :option:`-i` " +"选项启动，并传入了一个脚本名称来执行，且该脚本包含 future 语句，它将在交互式会话开始执行脚本之后保持有效。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:950 +msgid ":pep:`236` - Back to the __future__" +msgstr ":pep:`236` - 回到 __future__" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:951 +msgid "The original proposal for the __future__ mechanism." +msgstr "有关 __future__ 机制的最初提议。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:957 +msgid "The :keyword:`!global` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!global` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:967 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`global` statement causes the listed identifiers to be " +"interpreted as globals. It would be impossible to assign to a global " +"variable without :keyword:`!global`, although free variables may refer to " +"globals without being declared global." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`global` 语句将使其所列出的标识符被解读为全局变量。 要给全局变量赋值不可能不用到 :keyword:`!global` " +"关键字，不过自由变量也可以指向全局变量而不必声明为全局变量。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:972 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`global` statement applies to the entire scope of a function or" +" class body. A :exc:`SyntaxError` is raised if a variable is used or " +"assigned to prior to its global declaration in the scope." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`global` 语句将应用于函数或类语句体的整个作用域。 如果一个变量在本作用域的 global 声明之前被使用或赋值则会引发 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:981 +msgid "" +"**Programmer's note:** :keyword:`global` is a directive to the parser. It " +"applies only to code parsed at the same time as the :keyword:`!global` " +"statement. In particular, a :keyword:`!global` statement contained in a " +"string or code object supplied to the built-in :func:`exec` function does " +"not affect the code block *containing* the function call, and code contained" +" in such a string is unaffected by :keyword:`!global` statements in the code" +" containing the function call. The same applies to the :func:`eval` and " +":func:`compile` functions." +msgstr "" +"**程序员注意事项:** :keyword:`global` 是对解析器的指令。 它仅对与 :keyword:`!global` " +"语句同时被解析的代码起作用。 特别地，包含在提供给内置 :func:`exec` 函数字符串或代码对象中的 :keyword:`!global` " +"语句并不会影响 *包含* 该函数调用的代码块，而包含在这种字符串中的代码也不会受到包含该函数调用的代码中的 :keyword:`!global` " +"语句影响。 这同样适用于 :func:`eval` 和 :func:`compile` 函数。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:993 +msgid "The :keyword:`!nonlocal` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!nonlocal` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1001 +msgid "" +"When the definition of a function or class is nested (enclosed) within the " +"definitions of other functions, its nonlocal scopes are the local scopes of " +"the enclosing functions. The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement causes the listed" +" identifiers to refer to names previously bound in nonlocal scopes. It " +"allows encapsulated code to rebind such nonlocal identifiers. If a name is " +"bound in more than one nonlocal scope, the nearest binding is used. If a " +"name is not bound in any nonlocal scope, or if there is no nonlocal scope, a" +" :exc:`SyntaxError` is raised." +msgstr "" +"当一个函数或类的定义嵌套（被包围）在其他函数的定义中时，其非局部作用域就是包围它的函数的局部作用域 。 :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"语句会使其所列出的标识符指向之前在非局部作用域中绑定的名称。 它允许封装的代码重新绑定这样的非局部标识符。 " +"如果一个名称在多个非局部作用域中都被绑定，则会使用最近的绑定。 如果一个名称在任何非局部作用域中都未被绑定，或者不存在非局部作用域，则会引发 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement applies to the entire scope of a function " +"or class body. A :exc:`SyntaxError` is raised if a variable is used or " +"assigned to prior to its nonlocal declaration in the scope." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`nonlocal` 语句将应用于函数或类语句体的整个作用域。 如果一个变量在本作用域的 nonlocal " +"声明之前被使用或赋值则会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1016 +msgid ":pep:`3104` - Access to Names in Outer Scopes" +msgstr ":pep:`3104` - 访问外层作用域中的名称" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1017 +msgid "The specification for the :keyword:`nonlocal` statement." +msgstr "有关 :keyword:`nonlocal` 语句的规范说明。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"**Programmer's note:** :keyword:`nonlocal` is a directive to the parser and " +"applies only to code parsed along with it. See the note for the " +":keyword:`global` statement." +msgstr "" +"**程序员注意事项:** :keyword:`nonlocal` 是对解析器的指令并且仅会在与其一同被解析的代码上应用。 参见 " +":keyword:`global` 语句的相关注意事项。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1027 +msgid "The :keyword:`!type` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!type` 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`!type` statement declares a type alias, which is an instance " +"of :class:`typing.TypeAliasType`." +msgstr ":keyword:`!type` 语句声明一个类型别名，即 :class:`typing.TypeAliasType` 的实例。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1037 +msgid "For example, the following statement creates a type alias::" +msgstr "例如，以下语句创建了一个类型别名::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1039 +msgid "type Point = tuple[float, float]" +msgstr "type Point = tuple[float, float]" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1041 +msgid "This code is roughly equivalent to::" +msgstr "此代码大致等价于::" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"annotation-def VALUE_OF_Point():\n" +" return tuple[float, float]\n" +"Point = typing.TypeAliasType(\"Point\", VALUE_OF_Point())" +msgstr "" +"annotation-def VALUE_OF_Point():\n" +" return tuple[float, float]\n" +"Point = typing.TypeAliasType(\"Point\", VALUE_OF_Point())" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"``annotation-def`` indicates an :ref:`annotation scope `," +" which behaves mostly like a function, but with several small differences." +msgstr "" +"``annotation-def`` 指定一个 :ref:`标注作用域 `，其行为很像是一个函数，但有几个小差别。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1050 +msgid "" +"The value of the type alias is evaluated in the annotation scope. It is not " +"evaluated when the type alias is created, but only when the value is " +"accessed through the type alias's :attr:`!__value__` attribute (see " +":ref:`lazy-evaluation`). This allows the type alias to refer to names that " +"are not yet defined." +msgstr "" +"类型别名的值是在标注作用域中被求值的。 当创建类型别名时它不会被求值，只有当通过该类型别名的 :attr:`!__value__` " +"属性访问时它才会被求值 (参见 :ref:`lazy-evaluation`)。 这允许类型别名引用尚未被定义的名称。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1056 +msgid "" +"Type aliases may be made generic by adding a :ref:`type parameter list " +"` after the name. See :ref:`generic-type-aliases` for more." +msgstr "" +"类型别名可以通过在名称之后添加 :ref:`类型形参列表 ` 来泛型化。 请参阅 :ref:`generic-type-" +"aliases` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1059 +msgid ":keyword:`!type` is a :ref:`soft keyword `." +msgstr ":keyword:`!type` 是一个 :ref:`软关键字 `。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1065 +msgid ":pep:`695` - Type Parameter Syntax" +msgstr ":pep:`695` - 类型形参语法" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1066 +msgid "" +"Introduced the :keyword:`!type` statement and syntax for generic classes and" +" functions." +msgstr "引入了 :keyword:`!type` 语句和用于泛型类和函数的语法。" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:8 +msgid "simple" +msgstr "simple" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:8 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:39 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:322 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:382 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:425 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:447 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:460 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:486 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:523 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:559 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:684 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:718 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:873 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:959 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:995 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1029 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:39 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:42 +msgid "expression" +msgstr "expression -- 表达式" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:39 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:42 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:105 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:196 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:447 +msgid "list" +msgstr "list" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:976 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "repr" +msgstr "repr" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:187 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:196 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:207 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:581 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "None" +msgstr "None" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "conversion" +msgstr "conversion" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "output" +msgstr "output" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "standard" +msgstr "标准" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "writing" +msgstr "writing" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "values" +msgstr "values" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "procedure" +msgstr "procedure" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:56 +msgid "call" +msgstr "call" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 +msgid "= (equals)" +msgstr "= (等于号)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 +msgid "assignment statement" +msgstr "赋值语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:159 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:187 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:220 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:322 +msgid "assignment" +msgstr "赋值" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:798 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:959 +msgid "binding" +msgstr "绑定" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:460 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:798 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:959 +msgid "name" +msgstr "name" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 +msgid "rebinding" +msgstr "重新绑定" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:187 +msgid "mutable" +msgstr "mutable -- 可变对象" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:75 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:159 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:469 +msgid "attribute" +msgstr "attribute -- 属性" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:105 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:447 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:697 +msgid "target" +msgstr "target" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:382 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:959 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:995 +msgid ", (comma)" +msgstr ", (逗号)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 +msgid "in target list" +msgstr "在目标列表中" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:824 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 +msgid "in assignment target list" +msgstr "在赋值目标列表中" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 +msgid "[] (square brackets)" +msgstr "[] (方括号)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:116 +msgid "() (parentheses)" +msgstr "() (圆括号)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:153 +msgid "destructor" +msgstr "destructor" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:187 +msgid "subscription" +msgstr "下标" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:196 +msgid "sequence" +msgstr "sequence" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:207 +msgid "mapping" +msgstr "mapping -- 映射" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:207 +msgid "dictionary" +msgstr "dictionary -- 字典" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:220 +msgid "slicing" +msgstr "切片" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "augmented" +msgstr "增强" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "assignment, augmented" +msgstr "赋值, 增强的" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "+=" +msgstr "+=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "augmented assignment" +msgstr "增强赋值" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "-=" +msgstr "-=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "*=" +msgstr "*=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "/=" +msgstr "/=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "%=" +msgstr "%=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "&=" +msgstr "&=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "^=" +msgstr "^=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "|=" +msgstr "|=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "**=" +msgstr "**=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "//=" +msgstr "//=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid ">>=" +msgstr ">>=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:263 +msgid "<<=" +msgstr "<<=" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:322 +msgid "annotated" +msgstr "带标注的" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:322 +msgid "assignment, annotated" +msgstr "赋值, 带标注的" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:322 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:322 +msgid "annotated variable" +msgstr "带标注的变量" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:382 +msgid "assert" +msgstr "assert" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:382 +msgid "debugging" +msgstr "调试" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:382 +msgid "assertions" +msgstr "断言" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:382 +msgid "expression list" +msgstr "表达式列表" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:403 +msgid "__debug__" +msgstr "__debug__" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:403 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:523 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:559 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:591 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 +msgid "exception" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:403 +msgid "AssertionError" +msgstr "AssertionError" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:425 +msgid "pass" +msgstr "pass" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:425 +msgid "null" +msgstr "null" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:425 +msgid "operation" +msgstr "operation" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:447 +msgid "del" +msgstr "del" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:447 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:469 +msgid "deletion" +msgstr "删除" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:460 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:959 +msgid "global" +msgstr "global" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:460 +msgid "unbinding" +msgstr "解绑" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:486 +msgid "return" +msgstr "return" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:486 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:523 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:486 +msgid "definition" +msgstr "定义" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:486 +msgid "class" +msgstr "class" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:502 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:697 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:706 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:718 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 +msgid "keyword" +msgstr "关键字" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:502 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:706 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:718 +msgid "finally" +msgstr "finally" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:523 +msgid "yield" +msgstr "yield" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:523 +msgid "generator" +msgstr "generator -- 生成器" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:523 +msgid "iterator" +msgstr "iterator -- 迭代器" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:523 +msgid "StopIteration" +msgstr "StopIteration" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:559 +msgid "raise" +msgstr "raise" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:559 +msgid "raising" +msgstr "引发" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:559 +msgid "__traceback__ (exception attribute)" +msgstr "__traceback__ (异常属性)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:581 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "traceback -- 回溯" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:591 +msgid "chaining" +msgstr "chaining" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:591 +msgid "__cause__ (exception attribute)" +msgstr "__cause__ (异常属性)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:591 +msgid "__context__ (exception attribute)" +msgstr "__context__ (异常属性)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:684 +msgid "break" +msgstr "break" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:684 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:718 +msgid "for" +msgstr "for" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:684 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:718 +msgid "while" +msgstr "while" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:684 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:718 +msgid "loop" +msgstr "循环" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:697 +msgid "else" +msgstr "else" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:697 +msgid "loop control" +msgstr "循环控制" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:718 +msgid "continue" +msgstr "continue" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:846 +msgid "import" +msgstr "import" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 +msgid "importing" +msgstr "importing -- 导入" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:798 +msgid "from" +msgstr "from" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:785 +msgid "as" +msgstr "as" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 +msgid "ImportError" +msgstr "ImportError" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:743 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:785 +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:798 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:824 +msgid "import statement" +msgstr "import 语句statement" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:830 +msgid "__all__ (optional module attribute)" +msgstr "__all__ (可选的模块属性)" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:846 +msgid "relative" +msgstr "相关" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:873 +msgid "future" +msgstr "future" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:873 +msgid "__future__" +msgstr "__future__" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:873 +msgid "future statement" +msgstr "future 语句" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:959 ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:995 +msgid "identifier list" +msgstr "标识符列表" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:976 +msgid "exec" +msgstr "exec" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:976 +msgid "eval" +msgstr "eval" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:976 +msgid "compile" +msgstr "编译" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:995 +msgid "nonlocal" +msgstr "nonlocal" + +#: ../../reference/simple_stmts.rst:1029 +msgid "type" +msgstr "type" diff --git a/reference/toplevel_components.po b/reference/toplevel_components.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31524fe56 --- /dev/null +++ b/reference/toplevel_components.po @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# ww song , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:6 +msgid "Top-level components" +msgstr "顶级组件" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:10 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter can get its input from a number of sources: from a " +"script passed to it as standard input or as program argument, typed in " +"interactively, from a module source file, etc. This chapter gives the " +"syntax used in these cases." +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器可以从多种源获得输入：作为标准输入或程序参数传入的脚本，以交互方式键入的语句，导入的模块源文件等等。 " +"这一章将给出在这些情况下所用的语法。" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:19 +msgid "Complete Python programs" +msgstr "完整的 Python 程序" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:28 +msgid "" +"While a language specification need not prescribe how the language " +"interpreter is invoked, it is useful to have a notion of a complete Python " +"program. A complete Python program is executed in a minimally initialized " +"environment: all built-in and standard modules are available, but none have " +"been initialized, except for :mod:`sys` (various system services), " +":mod:`builtins` (built-in functions, exceptions and ``None``) and " +":mod:`__main__`. The latter is used to provide the local and global " +"namespace for execution of the complete program." +msgstr "" +"虽然语言规范描述不必规定如何唤起语言解释器，但对完整的 Python 程序加以说明还是很有用的。 一个完整的 Python " +"程序会在最小初始化环境中被执行：所有内置和标准模块均为可用，但均处于未初始化状态，只有 :mod:`sys` (各种系统服务), " +":mod:`builtins` (内置函数、异常以及 ``None``) 和 :mod:`__main__` 除外。 " +"最后一个模块用于为完整程序的执行提供局部和全局命名空间。" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The syntax for a complete Python program is that for file input, described " +"in the next section." +msgstr "适用于一个完整 Python 程序的语法即下节所描述的文件输入。" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:43 +msgid "" +"The interpreter may also be invoked in interactive mode; in this case, it " +"does not read and execute a complete program but reads and executes one " +"statement (possibly compound) at a time. The initial environment is " +"identical to that of a complete program; each statement is executed in the " +"namespace of :mod:`__main__`." +msgstr "" +"解释器也可以通过交互模式被唤起；在此情况下，它并不读取和执行一个完整程序，而是每次读取和执行一条语句（可能为复合语句）。 " +"此时的初始环境与一个完整程序的相同；每条语句会在 :mod:`__main__` 的命名空间中被执行。" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:55 +msgid "" +"A complete program can be passed to the interpreter in three forms: with the" +" :option:`-c` *string* command line option, as a file passed as the first " +"command line argument, or as standard input. If the file or standard input " +"is a tty device, the interpreter enters interactive mode; otherwise, it " +"executes the file as a complete program." +msgstr "" +"一个完整程序可通过三种形式被传递给解释器：使用 :option:`-c` *字符串* 命令行选项，使用一个文件作为第一个命令行参数，或者使用标准输入。 " +"如果文件或标准输入是一个 tty 设置，解释器会进入交互模式；否则的话，它会将文件当作一个完整程序来执行。" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:65 +msgid "File input" +msgstr "文件输入" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:67 +msgid "All input read from non-interactive files has the same form:" +msgstr "所有从非交互式文件读取的输入都具有相同的形式:" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:72 +msgid "This syntax is used in the following situations:" +msgstr "此语法用于下列几种情况:" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:74 +msgid "when parsing a complete Python program (from a file or from a string);" +msgstr "解析一个完整 Python 程序时（从文件或字符串）；" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:76 +msgid "when parsing a module;" +msgstr "解析一个模块时；" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:78 +msgid "when parsing a string passed to the :func:`exec` function;" +msgstr "解析一个传递给 :func:`exec` 函数的字符串时；" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:84 +msgid "Interactive input" +msgstr "交互式输入" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:86 +msgid "Input in interactive mode is parsed using the following grammar:" +msgstr "交互模式下的输入使用以下语法进行解析:" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Note that a (top-level) compound statement must be followed by a blank line " +"in interactive mode; this is needed to help the parser detect the end of the" +" input." +msgstr "请注意在交互模式下一条（最高层级）复合语句必须带有一个空行；这对于帮助解析器确定输入的结束是必须的。" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:98 +msgid "Expression input" +msgstr "表达式输入" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:103 +msgid "" +":func:`eval` is used for expression input. It ignores leading whitespace. " +"The string argument to :func:`eval` must have the following form:" +msgstr ":func:`eval` 被用于表达式输入。 它会忽略开头的空白。 传递给 :func:`eval` 的字符串参数必须具有以下形式:" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:8 +msgid "interpreter" +msgstr "解释器" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:21 +msgid "program" +msgstr "程序" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:23 +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:39 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:23 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:23 +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:39 +msgid "__main__" +msgstr "__main__" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:23 +msgid "builtins" +msgstr "builtins" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:39 +msgid "interactive mode" +msgstr "交互模式" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:49 +msgid "UNIX" +msgstr "UNIX" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:49 +msgid "Windows" +msgstr "Windows" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:49 +msgid "command line" +msgstr "命令行" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:49 +msgid "standard input" +msgstr "标准输入" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:100 +msgid "input" +msgstr "输入" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:101 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../reference/toplevel_components.rst:101 +msgid "eval" +msgstr "eval" diff --git a/sphinx.po b/sphinx.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..109bc705e --- /dev/null +++ b/sphinx.po @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# YIZHU LIN <897735626@qq.com>, 2021 +# stone jing , 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# cdarlint , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-03 17:40+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 00:47+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tools/templates/customsourcelink.html:3 +msgid "This Page" +msgstr "当前页" + +#: ../../tools/templates/customsourcelink.html:5 +msgid "Report a Bug" +msgstr "报告 Bug" + +#: ../../tools/templates/customsourcelink.html:8 +msgid "Show Source" +msgstr "显示源码" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:2 +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:1 +msgid "Download" +msgstr "下载" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:16 +msgid "Download Python %(dl_version)s Documentation" +msgstr "下载 Python %(dl_version)s 文档" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:18 +msgid "Last updated on: %(last_updated)s." +msgstr "上次更新：%(last_updated)s。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:20 +msgid "" +"To download an archive containing all the documents for this version of\n" +"Python in one of various formats, follow one of links in this table." +msgstr "" +"要下载包含此 Python 版本的所有文档的特定格式的归档文件，\n" +"请点击下表中相应的链接。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:25 +msgid "Format" +msgstr "格式" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:26 +msgid "Packed as .zip" +msgstr "压缩为.zip" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:27 +msgid "Packed as .tar.bz2" +msgstr "压缩为.tar.bz2" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:30 +msgid "PDF" +msgstr "PDF" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:31 +msgid "" +"Download " +"(ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:32 +msgid "" +"Download (ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:35 +msgid "HTML" +msgstr "HTML" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:36 +msgid "" +"Download " +"(ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:37 +msgid "" +"Download" +" (ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:40 +msgid "Plain text" +msgstr "纯文本" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:41 +msgid "" +"Download " +"(ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:42 +msgid "" +"Download" +" (ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:45 +msgid "Texinfo" +msgstr "Texinfo" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:46 +msgid "" +"Download " +"(ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:47 +msgid "" +"Download (ca. %(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约" +" %(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:50 +msgid "EPUB" +msgstr "EPUB" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:51 +msgid "" +"Download (ca. " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" +msgstr "" +"下载 (约 " +"%(download_size)s MiB)" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:56 +msgid "These archives contain all the content in the documentation." +msgstr "这些归档文件包含文档中的全部内容。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:59 +msgid "Unpacking" +msgstr "解压缩" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:61 +msgid "" +"Unix users should download the .tar.bz2 archives; these are bzipped tar\n" +"archives and can be handled in the usual way using tar and the bzip2\n" +"program. The Info-ZIP unzip program can be\n" +"used to handle the ZIP archives if desired. The .tar.bz2 archives provide the\n" +"best compression and fastest download times." +msgstr "" +"Unix 用户应当下载 .tar.bz2 归档文件；这些文件是使用了 bzip 的\n" +"tar 归档并可以使用 tar 和 bzip2 程序通过正常的方式来处理。\n" +"在需要时可以使用 Info-ZIP 解压缩程序\n" +"来处理 ZIP 归档文件。 .tar.bz2 归档文件提供了最佳压缩率\n" +"和最快的下载速度。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:67 +msgid "" +"Windows users can use the ZIP archives since those are customary on that\n" +"platform. These are created on Unix using the Info-ZIP zip program." +msgstr "" +"Windows 用户可以使用 ZIP 归档文件因为它是该平台上惯常使用的。\n" +"这种文件在 Unix 可使用 Info-ZIP 压缩程序来创建。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:71 +msgid "Problems" +msgstr "遇到问题" + +#: ../../tools/templates/download.html:73 +msgid "" +"If you have comments or suggestions for the Python documentation, please send\n" +"email to docs@python.org." +msgstr "" +"如果你对 Python 有任何评论或建议，请发送邮件到\n" +"docs@python.org。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:6 +msgid "CPython implementation detail:" +msgstr "CPython 实现细节：" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:7 +msgid "" +"Deprecated since version {deprecated}, will be removed in version {removed}" +msgstr "从 {deprecated} 版起不建议使用，将在 {removed} 版中移除" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:8 +msgid "Deprecated since version {deprecated}, removed in version {removed}" +msgstr "从 {deprecated} 版起不建议使用，已在 {removed} 版中移除" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:12 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:16 +msgid "Part of the" +msgstr "属于" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:17 +msgid "Limited API" +msgstr "受限 API" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:18 +msgid "Stable ABI" +msgstr "稳定 ABI" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:19 +msgid "(as an opaque struct)" +msgstr "（作为不透明的结构体）" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:20 +msgid "(including all members)" +msgstr "（包括所有成员）" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:21 +msgid "since version %s" +msgstr "自 %s 版起" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:22 +msgid "(Only some members are part of the stable ABI.)" +msgstr "（仅特定成员属于稳定 ABI。）" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:23 +msgid "This is" +msgstr "这是" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:24 +msgid "Unstable API" +msgstr "不稳定 API" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:25 +msgid ". It may change without warning in minor releases." +msgstr "。它可在次发布版中不经警告地改变。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:26 +msgid "Return value: Always NULL." +msgstr "返回值：恒为 NULL。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:27 +msgid "Return value: New reference." +msgstr "返回值：新的引用。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:28 +msgid "Return value: Borrowed reference." +msgstr "返回值：借入的引用。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:32 +msgid "in development" +msgstr "开发中" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:33 +msgid "pre-release" +msgstr "预发布" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:34 +msgid "stable" +msgstr "稳定" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:35 +msgid "security-fixes" +msgstr "安全性修补" + +#: ../../tools/templates/dummy.html:36 +msgid "EOL" +msgstr "EOL" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:8 +msgid "Welcome! This is the official documentation for Python %(release)s." +msgstr "欢迎！这里是 Python %(release)s 的官方文档。" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:10 +msgid "Documentation sections:" +msgstr "文档章节：" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:13 +msgid "What's new in Python %(version)s?" +msgstr "Python %(version)s 有什么新变化？" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:14 +msgid "" +"Or all \"What's new\" documents since Python " +"2.0" +msgstr "或 自 Python 2.0 以来的全部“新变化”文档" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:15 +msgid "Tutorial" +msgstr "教程" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:16 +msgid "Start here: a tour of Python's syntax and features" +msgstr "开始 Python 的语法和特性之旅" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:17 +msgid "Library reference" +msgstr "库参考" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:18 +msgid "Standard library and builtins" +msgstr "标准库与内置对象" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:19 +msgid "Language reference" +msgstr "语言参考" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:20 +msgid "Syntax and language elements" +msgstr "语法与语言元素" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:21 +msgid "Python setup and usage" +msgstr "Python 安装与使用" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:22 +msgid "How to install, configure, and use Python" +msgstr "各种操作系统的介绍都有" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:23 +msgid "Python HOWTOs" +msgstr "Python 指南" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:24 +msgid "In-depth topic manuals" +msgstr "深入学习特定主题" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:26 +msgid "Installing Python modules" +msgstr "安装 Python 模块" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:27 +msgid "Third-party modules and PyPI.org" +msgstr "第三方模块与 PyPI.org" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:28 +msgid "Distributing Python modules" +msgstr "发布 Python 模块" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:29 +msgid "Publishing modules for use by other people" +msgstr "发布模块供大家使用" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:30 +msgid "Extending and embedding" +msgstr "扩展与嵌入" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:31 +msgid "For C/C++ programmers" +msgstr "面向 C/C++ 的程序员" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:32 +msgid "Python's C API" +msgstr "Python 的 C API" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:33 +msgid "C API reference" +msgstr "C API 参考" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:34 +msgid "FAQs" +msgstr "常见问题" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:35 +msgid "Frequently asked questions (with answers!)" +msgstr "经常被问到的问题（答案也有！）" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:36 +msgid "Deprecations" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:37 +msgid "Deprecated functionality" +msgstr "弃用的功能" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:41 +msgid "Indices, glossary, and search:" +msgstr "索引、术语与搜索：" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:44 +msgid "Global module index" +msgstr "全局模块索引" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:45 +msgid "All modules and libraries" +msgstr "所有的模块与库" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:46 +msgid "General index" +msgstr "主索引" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:47 +msgid "All functions, classes, and terms" +msgstr "所有的函数、类和术语" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:48 +msgid "Glossary" +msgstr "术语对照表" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:49 +msgid "Terms explained" +msgstr "术语的解释" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:51 +msgid "Search page" +msgstr "搜索页" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:52 +msgid "Search this documentation" +msgstr "在文档内搜索" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:53 +msgid "Complete table of contents" +msgstr "完整目录" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:54 +msgid "Lists all sections and subsections" +msgstr "列出了所有的章节和子章节" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:58 +msgid "Project information:" +msgstr "项目信息：" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:61 +msgid "Reporting issues" +msgstr "报告问题" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:62 +msgid "Contributing to Docs" +msgstr "向文档提交贡献" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:63 +msgid "Download the documentation" +msgstr "下载本文档" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:65 +msgid "History and license of Python" +msgstr "Python 的历史与许可证" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:66 +msgid "Copyright" +msgstr "版权所有" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexcontent.html:67 +msgid "About the documentation" +msgstr "关于本文档" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:2 +msgid "Download these documents" +msgstr "下载这些文档" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:3 +msgid "Docs by version" +msgstr "各版文档" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:5 +msgid "Stable" +msgstr "稳定" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:6 +msgid "In development" +msgstr "开发中" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:7 +msgid "All versions" +msgstr "全部版本" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:10 +msgid "Other resources" +msgstr "其它资源" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:13 +msgid "PEP Index" +msgstr "PEP 索引" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:14 +msgid "Beginner's Guide" +msgstr "初学者指南" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:15 +msgid "Book List" +msgstr "推荐书籍" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:16 +msgid "Audio/Visual Talks" +msgstr "音视频小讲座" + +#: ../../tools/templates/indexsidebar.html:17 +msgid "Python Developer’s Guide" +msgstr "Python 开发者指南" + +#: ../../tools/templates/layout.html:6 +msgid "" +"This document is for an old version of Python that is no longer supported.\n" +" You should upgrade, and read the" +msgstr "" +"这是已不再受支持的旧版本 Python 的文档。\n" +"你应当升级版本，并阅读" + +#: ../../tools/templates/layout.html:8 +msgid "Python documentation for the current stable release" +msgstr "Python 现在的稳定发布版的文档" + +#: ../../tools/templates/layout.html:14 +msgid "" +"This is a deploy preview created from a pull request.\n" +" For authoritative documentation, see" +msgstr "" +"这是一个拉取请求的部署效果预览。\n" +"权威文档参见" + +#: ../../tools/templates/layout.html:16 +msgid "the current stable release" +msgstr "现在的稳定发布版" diff --git a/tutorial/appendix.po b/tutorial/appendix.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03823fff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/appendix.po @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Jerry Chen , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-01 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:5 +msgid "Appendix" +msgstr "附录" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:11 +msgid "Interactive Mode" +msgstr "交互模式" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:13 +msgid "" +"There are two variants of the interactive :term:`REPL`. The classic basic " +"interpreter is supported on all platforms with minimal line control " +"capabilities." +msgstr "交互式 :term:`REPL` 有两个变种版本。 经典的基本解释器在所有平台上受到支持，具有最小化的行控制功能。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:17 +msgid "" +"On Windows, or Unix-like systems with :mod:`curses` support, a new " +"interactive shell is used by default. This one supports color, multiline " +"editing, history browsing, and paste mode. To disable color, see " +":ref:`using-on-controlling-color` for details. Function keys provide some " +"additional functionality. :kbd:`F1` enters the interactive help browser " +":mod:`pydoc`. :kbd:`F2` allows for browsing command-line history with " +"neither output nor the :term:`>>>` and :term:`...` prompts. :kbd:`F3` enters" +" \"paste mode\", which makes pasting larger blocks of code easier. Press " +":kbd:`F3` to return to the regular prompt." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，或在具有 :mod:`curses` 支持的类 Unix 系统上，默认会使用一个新的交互式 shell。 " +"它支持彩色、多行编辑、历史浏览和粘贴模式。 要禁用彩色，请参阅 :ref:`using-on-controlling-color` 了解详情。 " +"功能键将提供一些附加功能。 :kbd:`F1` 是进入交互式帮助浏览器 :mod:`pydoc`。 :kbd:`F2` 允许浏览不带输出也不带 " +":term:`>>>` 和 :term:`...` 提示符的命令行历史。 :kbd:`F3` 是进入“粘贴模式”，这可以更方便地粘贴大段代码。 按 " +":kbd:`F3` 将返回常规提示符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:28 +msgid "" +"When using the new interactive shell, exit the shell by typing :kbd:`exit` " +"or :kbd:`quit`. Adding call parentheses after those commands is not " +"required." +msgstr "" +"当使用新的交互式 shell 时，可通过键入 :kbd:`exit` 或 :kbd:`quit` 退出 shell。 " +"不再需要在这些命令之后添加代表调用的圆括号。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:32 +msgid "" +"If the new interactive shell is not desired, it can be disabled via the " +":envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` environment variable." +msgstr "如果不想要新的交互式 shell，可以通过 :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` 环境变量禁用它。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:38 +msgid "Error Handling" +msgstr "错误处理" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:40 +msgid "" +"When an error occurs, the interpreter prints an error message and a stack " +"trace. In interactive mode, it then returns to the primary prompt; when " +"input came from a file, it exits with a nonzero exit status after printing " +"the stack trace. (Exceptions handled by an :keyword:`except` clause in a " +":keyword:`try` statement are not errors in this context.) Some errors are " +"unconditionally fatal and cause an exit with a nonzero exit status; this " +"applies to internal inconsistencies and some cases of running out of memory." +" All error messages are written to the standard error stream; normal output" +" from executed commands is written to standard output." +msgstr "" +"当发生错误时，解释器会打印错误消息和栈回溯。 " +"在交互模式下，将返回到主提示符；当输入是来自文件的时候，它将在打印栈回溯之后退出并附带一个非零的退出状态码。 （由 :keyword:`try` 语句中" +" :keyword:`except` 子句所处理的异常在此上下文中不属于错误。） " +"有些错误属于无条件致命错误，会导致程序附带非零状态码退出；这适用于内部一致性丧失以及某些内存耗尽的情况等。 " +"所有错误消息都将被写入到标准错误流；来自被执行命令的正常输出测会被写入到标准输出。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Typing the interrupt character (usually :kbd:`Control-C` or :kbd:`Delete`) " +"to the primary or secondary prompt cancels the input and returns to the " +"primary prompt. [#]_ Typing an interrupt while a command is executing raises" +" the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception, which may be handled by a " +":keyword:`try` statement." +msgstr "" +"将中断字符（通常为 :kbd:`Control-C` 或 :kbd:`Delete` ）键入主要或辅助提示符会取消输入并返回主提示符。 [#]_ " +"在执行命令时键入中断引发的 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 异常，可以由 :keyword:`try` 语句处理。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:60 +msgid "Executable Python Scripts" +msgstr "可执行的Python脚本" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:62 +msgid "" +"On BSD'ish Unix systems, Python scripts can be made directly executable, " +"like shell scripts, by putting the line ::" +msgstr "在 BSD 等类Unix系统上，Python 脚本可以像 shell 脚本一样直接执行，通过在第一行添加：" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:65 +msgid "#!/usr/bin/env python3" +msgstr "#!/usr/bin/env python3" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:67 +msgid "" +"(assuming that the interpreter is on the user's :envvar:`PATH`) at the " +"beginning of the script and giving the file an executable mode. The ``#!`` " +"must be the first two characters of the file. On some platforms, this first" +" line must end with a Unix-style line ending (``'\\n'``), not a Windows " +"(``'\\r\\n'``) line ending. Note that the hash, or pound, character, " +"``'#'``, is used to start a comment in Python." +msgstr "" +"（假设解释器位于用户的 :envvar:`PATH` ）脚本的开头，并将文件设置为可执行。 ``#!`` " +"必须是文件的前两个字符。在某些平台上，第一行必须以Unix样式的行结尾（``'\\n'``）结束，而不是以Windows（``'\\r\\n'``）行结尾。注意，“散列字符”，或者说“磅字符”，" +" ``'#'`` ，在Python中代表注释开始。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:74 +msgid "" +"The script can be given an executable mode, or permission, using the " +":program:`chmod` command." +msgstr "可以使用 :program:`chmod` 命令为脚本提供可执行模式或权限。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:77 +msgid "$ chmod +x myscript.py" +msgstr "$ chmod +x myscript.py" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:81 +msgid "" +"On Windows systems, there is no notion of an \"executable mode\". The " +"Python installer automatically associates ``.py`` files with ``python.exe`` " +"so that a double-click on a Python file will run it as a script. The " +"extension can also be ``.pyw``, in that case, the console window that " +"normally appears is suppressed." +msgstr "" +"在Windows系统上，没有“可执行模式”的概念。 Python安装程序自动将 ``.py`` 文件与 ``python.exe`` " +"相关联，这样双击Python文件就会将其作为脚本运行。扩展也可以是 ``.pyw`` ，在这种情况下，会隐藏通常出现的控制台窗口。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:91 +msgid "The Interactive Startup File" +msgstr "交互式启动文件" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:93 +msgid "" +"When you use Python interactively, it is frequently handy to have some " +"standard commands executed every time the interpreter is started. You can " +"do this by setting an environment variable named :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` to " +"the name of a file containing your start-up commands. This is similar to " +"the :file:`.profile` feature of the Unix shells." +msgstr "" +"当您以交互模式使用 Python 时，您可能会希望在每次启动解释器时，解释器先执行几条您预先编写的命令，然后您再以交互模式继续使用。您可以通过将名为 " +":envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` 的环境变量设置为包含启动命令的文件的文件名来实现。这类似于 Unix shell 的 " +":file:`.profile` 功能。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:99 +msgid "" +"This file is only read in interactive sessions, not when Python reads " +"commands from a script, and not when :file:`/dev/tty` is given as the " +"explicit source of commands (which otherwise behaves like an interactive " +"session). It is executed in the same namespace where interactive commands " +"are executed, so that objects that it defines or imports can be used without" +" qualification in the interactive session. You can also change the prompts " +"``sys.ps1`` and ``sys.ps2`` in this file." +msgstr "" +"Python 只有在交互模式时，才会读取此文件，而非在从脚本读指令或是将 :file:`/dev/tty` 显式作为被运行的 Python " +"脚本的文件名时（后者反而表现得像一个交互式会话）。这个文件与交互式指令共享相同的命名空间，所以它定义或导入的对象可以在交互式会话中直接使用。您也可以在该文件中更改提示符" +" ``sys.ps1`` 和 ``sys.ps2``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:107 +msgid "" +"If you want to read an additional start-up file from the current directory, " +"you can program this in the global start-up file using code like ``if " +"os.path.isfile('.pythonrc.py'): exec(open('.pythonrc.py').read())``. If you " +"want to use the startup file in a script, you must do this explicitly in the" +" script::" +msgstr "" +"如果您想 *从当前目录中* 读取一个额外的启动文件，您可以在上文所说的全局启动文件中编写像 ``if " +"os.path.isfile('.pythonrc.py'): exec(open('.pythonrc.py').read())`` " +"这样的代码。如果要在脚本中使用启动文件，则必须在脚本中显式执行此操作：" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:113 +msgid "" +"import os\n" +"filename = os.environ.get('PYTHONSTARTUP')\n" +"if filename and os.path.isfile(filename):\n" +" with open(filename) as fobj:\n" +" startup_file = fobj.read()\n" +" exec(startup_file)" +msgstr "" +"import os\n" +"filename = os.environ.get('PYTHONSTARTUP')\n" +"if filename and os.path.isfile(filename):\n" +" with open(filename) as fobj:\n" +" startup_file = fobj.read()\n" +" exec(startup_file)" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:124 +msgid "The Customization Modules" +msgstr "定制模块" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Python provides two hooks to let you customize it: :index:`sitecustomize` " +"and :index:`usercustomize`. To see how it works, you need first to find the" +" location of your user site-packages directory. Start Python and run this " +"code::" +msgstr "" +"Python 提供了两个钩子供你进行自定义: :index:`sitecustomize` 和 :index:`usercustomize`。 " +"要了解它是如何工作的，首先需要找到用户 site-packages 目录的位置。 启动 Python 并运行以下代码::" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:130 +msgid "" +">>> import site\n" +">>> site.getusersitepackages()\n" +"'/home/user/.local/lib/python3.x/site-packages'" +msgstr "" +">>> import site\n" +">>> site.getusersitepackages()\n" +"'/home/user/.local/lib/python3.x/site-packages'" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Now you can create a file named :file:`usercustomize.py` in that directory " +"and put anything you want in it. It will affect every invocation of Python," +" unless it is started with the :option:`-s` option to disable the automatic " +"import." +msgstr "" +"现在，您可以在该目录中创建一个名为 :file:`usercustomize.py` " +"的文件，并将所需内容放入其中。它会影响Python的每次启动，除非它以 :option:`-s` 选项启动，以禁用自动导入。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:138 +msgid "" +":index:`sitecustomize` works in the same way, but is typically created by an" +" administrator of the computer in the global site-packages directory, and is" +" imported before :index:`usercustomize`. See the documentation of the " +":mod:`site` module for more details." +msgstr "" +":index:`sitecustomize` 的工作方式相同，但通常由计算机管理员在全局 site-packages 目录中创建，并在 " +":index:`usercustomize` 之前导入。 更多细节请参阅 :mod:`site` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:145 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/appendix.rst:146 +msgid "A problem with the GNU Readline package may prevent this." +msgstr "GNU Readline 包的问题可能会阻止这种情况。" diff --git a/tutorial/appetite.po b/tutorial/appetite.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68c499677 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/appetite.po @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Woko , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:5 +msgid "Whetting Your Appetite" +msgstr "课前甜点" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:7 +msgid "" +"If you do much work on computers, eventually you find that there's some task" +" you'd like to automate. For example, you may wish to perform a search-and-" +"replace over a large number of text files, or rename and rearrange a bunch " +"of photo files in a complicated way. Perhaps you'd like to write a small " +"custom database, or a specialized GUI application, or a simple game." +msgstr "" +"如果您的工作主要是用电脑完成的，总有一天您会想能不能自动执行一些任务。比如，对大量文本文件执行查找、替换操作；利用复杂的规则重命名、重排序一堆照片文件；也可能您想编写一个小型数据库、或开发专用的图形界面应用，甚至是开发一个简单的游戏。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:13 +msgid "" +"If you're a professional software developer, you may have to work with " +"several C/C++/Java libraries but find the usual write/compile/test/re-" +"compile cycle is too slow. Perhaps you're writing a test suite for such a " +"library and find writing the testing code a tedious task. Or maybe you've " +"written a program that could use an extension language, and you don't want " +"to design and implement a whole new language for your application." +msgstr "" +"作为一名专业软件开发人员，您可能要处理 C/C++/Java " +"库，但编码、编译、测试、再编译这些开发流程太慢了；也许您正在给这些库开发测试套件，但总觉得这项工作真是枯燥乏味。又或许，您开发了个使用扩展语言的软件，却不想为这个软件专门设计一种新语言。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:20 +msgid "Python is just the language for you." +msgstr "那么，Python 正好能满足您的需要。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:22 +msgid "" +"You could write a Unix shell script or Windows batch files for some of these" +" tasks, but shell scripts are best at moving around files and changing text " +"data, not well-suited for GUI applications or games. You could write a " +"C/C++/Java program, but it can take a lot of development time to get even a " +"first-draft program. Python is simpler to use, available on Windows, macOS," +" and Unix operating systems, and will help you get the job done more " +"quickly." +msgstr "" +"你可以针对这些任务编写 Unix shell 脚本或 Windows 批处理文件，但 shell 脚本擅长的是移动文件和改变文本数据，而不适合编写 " +"GUI 应用或游戏。 你可以编写 C/C++/Java 程序，但即使只完成一个初始版程序也需要耗费很长的开发时间。 Python " +"则更为简单易用，同时支持 Windows, macOS 和 Unix 操作系统，并能帮助你更快速地完成工作。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Python is simple to use, but it is a real programming language, offering " +"much more structure and support for large programs than shell scripts or " +"batch files can offer. On the other hand, Python also offers much more " +"error checking than C, and, being a *very-high-level language*, it has high-" +"level data types built in, such as flexible arrays and dictionaries. " +"Because of its more general data types Python is applicable to a much larger" +" problem domain than Awk or even Perl, yet many things are at least as easy " +"in Python as in those languages." +msgstr "" +"Python 虽然简单易用，但它可是真正的编程语言，提供了大量的数据结构，也支持开发大型程序，远超 shell 脚本或批处理文件；Python " +"提供的错误检查比 C 还多；作为一种“非常高级的语言”，它内置了灵活的数组与字典等高级数据类型。正因为配备了更通用的数据类型，Python 比 " +"Awk，甚至 Perl 能解决更多问题，而且，很多时候，Python 比这些语言更简单。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:37 +msgid "" +"Python allows you to split your program into modules that can be reused in " +"other Python programs. It comes with a large collection of standard modules" +" that you can use as the basis of your programs --- or as examples to start " +"learning to program in Python. Some of these modules provide things like " +"file I/O, system calls, sockets, and even interfaces to graphical user " +"interface toolkits like Tk." +msgstr "" +"Python 支持把程序分割为模块，以便在其他 Python 程序中复用。它还内置了大量标准模块，作为开发程序的基础 —— 您还可以把这些模块当作学习 " +"Python 编程的实例。这些模块包括 I/O、系统调用、套接字，甚至还包括 Tk 图形用户界面工作套件。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Python is an interpreted language, which can save you considerable time " +"during program development because no compilation and linking is necessary." +" The interpreter can be used interactively, which makes it easy to " +"experiment with features of the language, to write throw-away programs, or " +"to test functions during bottom-up program development. It is also a handy " +"desk calculator." +msgstr "" +"Python " +"是一种解释型语言，不需要编译和链接，可以节省大量开发时间。它的解释器实现了交互式操作，轻而易举地就能试用各种语言功能，编写临时程序，或在自底向上的程序开发中测试功能。同时，它还是一个超好用的计算器。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Python enables programs to be written compactly and readably. Programs " +"written in Python are typically much shorter than equivalent C, C++, or " +"Java programs, for several reasons:" +msgstr "Python 程序简洁、易读，通常比实现同种功能的 C、C++、Java 代码短很多，原因如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:54 +msgid "" +"the high-level data types allow you to express complex operations in a " +"single statement;" +msgstr "高级数据类型允许在单一语句中表述复杂操作；" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:57 +msgid "" +"statement grouping is done by indentation instead of beginning and ending " +"brackets;" +msgstr "使用缩进，而不是括号实现代码块分组；" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:60 +msgid "no variable or argument declarations are necessary." +msgstr "无需预声明变量或参数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Python is *extensible*: if you know how to program in C it is easy to add a " +"new built-in function or module to the interpreter, either to perform " +"critical operations at maximum speed, or to link Python programs to " +"libraries that may only be available in binary form (such as a vendor-" +"specific graphics library). Once you are really hooked, you can link the " +"Python interpreter into an application written in C and use it as an " +"extension or command language for that application." +msgstr "" +"Python “可以扩展”：会开发 C 语言程序，就能快速上手为解释器增加新的内置函数或模块，不论是让核心程序以最高速度运行，还是把 Python " +"程序链接到只提供预编译程序的库（比如，硬件图形库）。只要下点功夫，就能把 Python 解释器和用 C 开发的应用链接在一起，用它来扩展和控制该应用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:70 +msgid "" +"By the way, the language is named after the BBC show \"Monty Python's Flying" +" Circus\" and has nothing to do with reptiles. Making references to Monty " +"Python skits in documentation is not only allowed, it is encouraged!" +msgstr "" +"顺便提一句，本语言的命名源自 BBC 的 “Monty Python 飞行马戏团”，与爬行动物无关（Python 原义为“蟒蛇”）。欢迎大家在文档中引用" +" Monty Python 小品短篇集，多多益善！" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Now that you are all excited about Python, you'll want to examine it in some" +" more detail. Since the best way to learn a language is to use it, the " +"tutorial invites you to play with the Python interpreter as you read." +msgstr "" +"现在，您已经对 Python 跃跃欲试，想深入了解一些细节了吧。要知道，学习语言的最佳方式是上手实践，建议您边阅读本教程，边在 Python " +"解释器中练习。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:78 +msgid "" +"In the next chapter, the mechanics of using the interpreter are explained. " +"This is rather mundane information, but essential for trying out the " +"examples shown later." +msgstr "下一章介绍解释器的用法。这部分内容有些单调乏味，但对上手实践后面的例子来说却至关重要。" + +#: ../../tutorial/appetite.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The rest of the tutorial introduces various features of the Python language " +"and system through examples, beginning with simple expressions, statements " +"and data types, through functions and modules, and finally touching upon " +"advanced concepts like exceptions and user-defined classes." +msgstr "" +"本教程的其他部分将利用各种示例，介绍 Python " +"语言、系统的功能，开始只是简单的表达式、语句和数据类型，然后是函数、模块，最后，介绍一些高级概念，如，异常、用户定义的类等功能。" diff --git a/tutorial/classes.po b/tutorial/classes.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83a50320a --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/classes.po @@ -0,0 +1,1739 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Konge , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Hissy , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:5 +msgid "Classes" +msgstr "类" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Classes provide a means of bundling data and functionality together. " +"Creating a new class creates a new *type* of object, allowing new " +"*instances* of that type to be made. Each class instance can have " +"attributes attached to it for maintaining its state. Class instances can " +"also have methods (defined by its class) for modifying its state." +msgstr "" +"类提供了把数据和功能绑定在一起的方法。创建新类时创建了新的对象 *类型*，从而能够创建该类型的新 " +"*实例*。实例具有能维持自身状态的属性，还具有能修改自身状态的方法（由其所属的类来定义）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:13 +msgid "" +"Compared with other programming languages, Python's class mechanism adds " +"classes with a minimum of new syntax and semantics. It is a mixture of the " +"class mechanisms found in C++ and Modula-3. Python classes provide all the " +"standard features of Object Oriented Programming: the class inheritance " +"mechanism allows multiple base classes, a derived class can override any " +"methods of its base class or classes, and a method can call the method of a " +"base class with the same name. Objects can contain arbitrary amounts and " +"kinds of data. As is true for modules, classes partake of the dynamic " +"nature of Python: they are created at runtime, and can be modified further " +"after creation." +msgstr "" +"和其他编程语言相比，Python 的类只使用了很少的新语法和语义。Python 的类有点类似于 C++ 和 Modula-3 " +"中类的结合体，而且支持面向对象编程（OOP）的所有标准特性：类的继承机制支持多个基类、派生的类能覆盖基类的方法、类的方法能调用基类中的同名方法。对象可包含任意数量和类型的数据。和模块一样，类也支持" +" Python 动态特性：在运行时创建，创建后还可以修改。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:23 +msgid "" +"In C++ terminology, normally class members (including the data members) are " +"*public* (except see below :ref:`tut-private`), and all member functions are" +" *virtual*. As in Modula-3, there are no shorthands for referencing the " +"object's members from its methods: the method function is declared with an " +"explicit first argument representing the object, which is provided " +"implicitly by the call. As in Smalltalk, classes themselves are objects. " +"This provides semantics for importing and renaming. Unlike C++ and " +"Modula-3, built-in types can be used as base classes for extension by the " +"user. Also, like in C++, most built-in operators with special syntax " +"(arithmetic operators, subscripting etc.) can be redefined for class " +"instances." +msgstr "" +"如果用 C++ 术语来描述的话，类成员（包括数据成员）通常为 *public* （例外的情况见下文 :ref:`tut-" +"private`），所有成员函数都为 *virtual* 。与 Modula-3 " +"中一样，没有用于从对象的方法中引用本对象成员的简写形式：方法函数在声明时，有一个显式的第一个参数代表本对象，该参数由方法调用隐式提供。与在 " +"Smalltalk 中一样，Python 的类也是对象，这为导入和重命名提供了语义支持。与 C++ 和 Modula-3 不同，Python " +"的内置类型可以用作基类，供用户扩展。此外，与 C++ 一样，具有特殊语法的内置运算符（算术运算符、下标等）都可以为类实例重新定义。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:34 +msgid "" +"(Lacking universally accepted terminology to talk about classes, I will make" +" occasional use of Smalltalk and C++ terms. I would use Modula-3 terms, " +"since its object-oriented semantics are closer to those of Python than C++, " +"but I expect that few readers have heard of it.)" +msgstr "" +"由于缺乏关于类的公认术语，本章中偶尔会使用 Smalltalk 和 C++ 的术语。本章还会使用 Modula-3 的术语，Modula-3 " +"的面向对象语义比 C++ 更接近 Python，但估计听说过这门语言的读者很少。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:43 +msgid "A Word About Names and Objects" +msgstr "名称和对象" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Objects have individuality, and multiple names (in multiple scopes) can be " +"bound to the same object. This is known as aliasing in other languages. " +"This is usually not appreciated on a first glance at Python, and can be " +"safely ignored when dealing with immutable basic types (numbers, strings, " +"tuples). However, aliasing has a possibly surprising effect on the " +"semantics of Python code involving mutable objects such as lists, " +"dictionaries, and most other types. This is usually used to the benefit of " +"the program, since aliases behave like pointers in some respects. For " +"example, passing an object is cheap since only a pointer is passed by the " +"implementation; and if a function modifies an object passed as an argument, " +"the caller will see the change --- this eliminates the need for two " +"different argument passing mechanisms as in Pascal." +msgstr "" +"对象之间相互独立，多个名称（甚至是多个作用域内的多个名称）可以绑定到同一对象。这在其他语言中通常被称为别名。Python " +"初学者通常不容易理解这个概念，处理数字、字符串、元组等不可变基本类型时，可以不必理会。但是，对于涉及可变对象（如列表、字典，以及大多数其他类型）的 " +"Python " +"代码的语义，别名可能会产生意料之外的效果。这样做，通常是为了让程序受益，因为别名在某些方面就像指针。例如，传递对象的代价很小，因为实现只传递一个指针；如果函数修改了作为参数传递的对象，调用者就可以看到更改——无需像" +" Pascal 那样用两个不同的机制来传参。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:61 +msgid "Python Scopes and Namespaces" +msgstr "Python 作用域和命名空间" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Before introducing classes, I first have to tell you something about " +"Python's scope rules. Class definitions play some neat tricks with " +"namespaces, and you need to know how scopes and namespaces work to fully " +"understand what's going on. Incidentally, knowledge about this subject is " +"useful for any advanced Python programmer." +msgstr "" +"在介绍类前，首先要介绍 Python " +"的作用域规则。类定义对命名空间有一些巧妙的技巧，了解作用域和命名空间的工作机制有利于加强对类的理解。并且，即便对于高级 Python " +"程序员，这方面的知识也很有用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:69 +msgid "Let's begin with some definitions." +msgstr "接下来，我们先了解一些定义。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:71 +msgid "" +"A *namespace* is a mapping from names to objects. Most namespaces are " +"currently implemented as Python dictionaries, but that's normally not " +"noticeable in any way (except for performance), and it may change in the " +"future. Examples of namespaces are: the set of built-in names (containing " +"functions such as :func:`abs`, and built-in exception names); the global " +"names in a module; and the local names in a function invocation. In a sense" +" the set of attributes of an object also form a namespace. The important " +"thing to know about namespaces is that there is absolutely no relation " +"between names in different namespaces; for instance, two different modules " +"may both define a function ``maximize`` without confusion --- users of the " +"modules must prefix it with the module name." +msgstr "" +"*namespace* （命名空间）是从名称到对象的映射。现在，大多数命名空间都使用 Python " +"字典实现，但除非涉及到性能优化，我们一般不会关注这方面的事情，而且将来也可能会改变这种方式。命名空间的例子有：内置名称集合（包括 :func:`abs`" +" " +"函数以及内置异常的名称等）；一个模块的全局名称；一个函数调用中的局部名称。对象的属性集合也是命名空间的一种形式。关于命名空间的一个重要知识点是，不同命名空间中的名称之间绝对没有关系；例如，两个不同的模块都可以定义" +" ``maximize`` 函数，且不会造成混淆。用户使用函数时必须要在函数名前面加上模块名。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:82 +msgid "" +"By the way, I use the word *attribute* for any name following a dot --- for " +"example, in the expression ``z.real``, ``real`` is an attribute of the " +"object ``z``. Strictly speaking, references to names in modules are " +"attribute references: in the expression ``modname.funcname``, ``modname`` is" +" a module object and ``funcname`` is an attribute of it. In this case there" +" happens to be a straightforward mapping between the module's attributes and" +" the global names defined in the module: they share the same namespace! " +"[#]_" +msgstr "" +"点号之后的名称是 **属性**。例如，表达式 ``z.real`` 中，``real`` 是对象 ``z`` " +"的属性。严格来说，对模块中名称的引用是属性引用：表达式 ``modname.funcname`` 中，``modname`` " +"是模块对象，``funcname`` 是模块的属性。模块属性和模块中定义的全局名称之间存在直接的映射：它们共享相同的命名空间！ [#]_" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:90 +msgid "" +"Attributes may be read-only or writable. In the latter case, assignment to " +"attributes is possible. Module attributes are writable: you can write " +"``modname.the_answer = 42``. Writable attributes may also be deleted with " +"the :keyword:`del` statement. For example, ``del modname.the_answer`` will " +"remove the attribute :attr:`!the_answer` from the object named by " +"``modname``." +msgstr "" +"属性可以是只读的或者可写的。 在后一种情况下，可以对属性进行赋值。 模块属性是可写的：你可以写入 ``modname.the_answer = 42``" +" 。 也可以使用 :keyword:`del` 语句删除可写属性。 例如，``del modname.the_answer`` 将从名为 " +"``modname`` 对象中移除属性 :attr:`!the_answer`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:96 +msgid "" +"Namespaces are created at different moments and have different lifetimes. " +"The namespace containing the built-in names is created when the Python " +"interpreter starts up, and is never deleted. The global namespace for a " +"module is created when the module definition is read in; normally, module " +"namespaces also last until the interpreter quits. The statements executed " +"by the top-level invocation of the interpreter, either read from a script " +"file or interactively, are considered part of a module called " +":mod:`__main__`, so they have their own global namespace. (The built-in " +"names actually also live in a module; this is called :mod:`builtins`.)" +msgstr "" +"命名空间是在不同时刻创建的，且拥有不同的生命周期。内置名称的命名空间是在 Python " +"解释器启动时创建的，永远不会被删除。模块的全局命名空间在读取模块定义时创建；通常，模块的命名空间也会持续到解释器退出。从脚本文件读取或交互式读取的，由解释器顶层调用执行的语句是" +" :mod:`__main__` 模块调用的一部分，也拥有自己的全局命名空间。内置名称实际上也在模块里，即 :mod:`builtins` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:106 +msgid "" +"The local namespace for a function is created when the function is called, " +"and deleted when the function returns or raises an exception that is not " +"handled within the function. (Actually, forgetting would be a better way to" +" describe what actually happens.) Of course, recursive invocations each " +"have their own local namespace." +msgstr "" +"函数的局部命名空间在函数被调用时被创建，并在函数返回或抛出未在函数内被处理的异常时，被删除。（实际上，用“遗忘”来描述实际发生的情况会更好一些。）当然，每次递归调用都有自己的局部命名空间。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:112 +msgid "" +"A *scope* is a textual region of a Python program where a namespace is " +"directly accessible. \"Directly accessible\" here means that an unqualified" +" reference to a name attempts to find the name in the namespace." +msgstr "" +"一个命名空间的 *作用域* 是 Python " +"代码中的一段文本区域，从这个区域可直接访问该命名空间。“可直接访问”的意思是，该文本区域内的名称在被非限定引用时，查找名称的范围，是包括该命名空间在内的。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Although scopes are determined statically, they are used dynamically. At any" +" time during execution, there are 3 or 4 nested scopes whose namespaces are " +"directly accessible:" +msgstr "作用域虽然是被静态确定的，但会被动态使用。执行期间的任何时刻，都会有 3 或 4 个“命名空间可直接访问”的嵌套作用域：" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:120 +msgid "the innermost scope, which is searched first, contains the local names" +msgstr "最内层作用域，包含局部名称，并首先在其中进行搜索" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:121 +msgid "" +"the scopes of any enclosing functions, which are searched starting with the " +"nearest enclosing scope, contain non-local, but also non-global names" +msgstr "那些外层闭包函数的作用域，包含“非局部、非全局”的名称，从最靠内层的那个作用域开始，逐层向外搜索。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:123 +msgid "the next-to-last scope contains the current module's global names" +msgstr "倒数第二层作用域，包含当前模块的全局名称" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:124 +msgid "" +"the outermost scope (searched last) is the namespace containing built-in " +"names" +msgstr "最外层（最后搜索）的作用域，是内置名称的命名空间" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:126 +msgid "" +"If a name is declared global, then all references and assignments go " +"directly to the next-to-last scope containing the module's global names. To" +" rebind variables found outside of the innermost scope, the " +":keyword:`nonlocal` statement can be used; if not declared nonlocal, those " +"variables are read-only (an attempt to write to such a variable will simply " +"create a *new* local variable in the innermost scope, leaving the " +"identically named outer variable unchanged)." +msgstr "" +"如果一个名称被声明为全局，则所有引用和赋值都将直接指向“倒数第二层作用域”，即包含模块的全局名称的作用域。 " +"要重新绑定在最内层作用域以外找到的变量，可以使用 :keyword:`nonlocal` 语句；如果未使用 nonlocal " +"声明，这些变量将为只读（尝试写入这样的变量将在最内层作用域中创建一个 *新的* 局部变量，而使得同名的外部变量保持不变）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Usually, the local scope references the local names of the (textually) " +"current function. Outside functions, the local scope references the same " +"namespace as the global scope: the module's namespace. Class definitions " +"place yet another namespace in the local scope." +msgstr "" +"通常，当前局部作用域将（按字面文本）引用当前函数的局部名称。在函数之外，局部作用域引用与全局作用域一致的命名空间：模块的命名空间。 " +"类定义在局部命名空间内再放置另一个命名空间。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:138 +msgid "" +"It is important to realize that scopes are determined textually: the global " +"scope of a function defined in a module is that module's namespace, no " +"matter from where or by what alias the function is called. On the other " +"hand, the actual search for names is done dynamically, at run time --- " +"however, the language definition is evolving towards static name resolution," +" at \"compile\" time, so don't rely on dynamic name resolution! (In fact, " +"local variables are already determined statically.)" +msgstr "" +"划重点，作用域是按字面文本确定的：模块内定义的函数的全局作用域就是该模块的命名空间，无论该函数从什么地方或以什么别名被调用。另一方面，实际的名称搜索是在运行时动态完成的。但是，Python" +" 正在朝着“编译时静态名称解析”的方向发展，因此不要过于依赖动态名称解析！（局部变量已经是被静态确定了。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:146 +msgid "" +"A special quirk of Python is that -- if no :keyword:`global` or " +":keyword:`nonlocal` statement is in effect -- assignments to names always go" +" into the innermost scope. Assignments do not copy data --- they just bind " +"names to objects. The same is true for deletions: the statement ``del x`` " +"removes the binding of ``x`` from the namespace referenced by the local " +"scope. In fact, all operations that introduce new names use the local " +"scope: in particular, :keyword:`import` statements and function definitions " +"bind the module or function name in the local scope." +msgstr "" +"Python 有一个特殊规定。如果不存在生效的 :keyword:`global` 或 :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"语句，则对名称的赋值总是会进入最内层作用域。赋值不会复制数据，只是将名称绑定到对象。删除也是如此：语句 ``del x`` " +"从局部作用域引用的命名空间中移除对 ``x`` 的绑定。所有引入新名称的操作都是使用局部作用域：尤其是 :keyword:`import` " +"语句和函数定义会在局部作用域中绑定模块或函数名称。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:154 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`global` statement can be used to indicate that particular " +"variables live in the global scope and should be rebound there; the " +":keyword:`nonlocal` statement indicates that particular variables live in an" +" enclosing scope and should be rebound there." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`global` 语句用于表明特定变量在全局作用域里，并应在全局作用域中重新绑定；:keyword:`nonlocal` " +"语句表明特定变量在外层作用域中，并应在外层作用域中重新绑定。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:162 +msgid "Scopes and Namespaces Example" +msgstr "作用域和命名空间示例" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:164 +msgid "" +"This is an example demonstrating how to reference the different scopes and " +"namespaces, and how :keyword:`global` and :keyword:`nonlocal` affect " +"variable binding::" +msgstr "" +"下例演示了如何引用不同作用域和名称空间，以及 :keyword:`global` 和 :keyword:`nonlocal` 对变量绑定的影响：" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:168 +msgid "" +"def scope_test():\n" +" def do_local():\n" +" spam = \"local spam\"\n" +"\n" +" def do_nonlocal():\n" +" nonlocal spam\n" +" spam = \"nonlocal spam\"\n" +"\n" +" def do_global():\n" +" global spam\n" +" spam = \"global spam\"\n" +"\n" +" spam = \"test spam\"\n" +" do_local()\n" +" print(\"After local assignment:\", spam)\n" +" do_nonlocal()\n" +" print(\"After nonlocal assignment:\", spam)\n" +" do_global()\n" +" print(\"After global assignment:\", spam)\n" +"\n" +"scope_test()\n" +"print(\"In global scope:\", spam)" +msgstr "" +"def scope_test():\n" +" def do_local():\n" +" spam = \"local spam\"\n" +"\n" +" def do_nonlocal():\n" +" nonlocal spam\n" +" spam = \"nonlocal spam\"\n" +"\n" +" def do_global():\n" +" global spam\n" +" spam = \"global spam\"\n" +"\n" +" spam = \"test spam\"\n" +" do_local()\n" +" print(\"After local assignment:\", spam)\n" +" do_nonlocal()\n" +" print(\"After nonlocal assignment:\", spam)\n" +" do_global()\n" +" print(\"After global assignment:\", spam)\n" +"\n" +"scope_test()\n" +"print(\"In global scope:\", spam)" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:191 +msgid "The output of the example code is:" +msgstr "示例代码的输出是：" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:193 +msgid "" +"After local assignment: test spam\n" +"After nonlocal assignment: nonlocal spam\n" +"After global assignment: nonlocal spam\n" +"In global scope: global spam" +msgstr "" +"After local assignment: test spam\n" +"After nonlocal assignment: nonlocal spam\n" +"After global assignment: nonlocal spam\n" +"In global scope: global spam" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:200 +msgid "" +"Note how the *local* assignment (which is default) didn't change " +"*scope_test*\\'s binding of *spam*. The :keyword:`nonlocal` assignment " +"changed *scope_test*\\'s binding of *spam*, and the :keyword:`global` " +"assignment changed the module-level binding." +msgstr "" +"注意，**局部** 赋值（这是默认状态）不会改变 *scope_test* 对 *spam* 的绑定。 :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"赋值会改变 *scope_test* 对 *spam* 的绑定，而 :keyword:`global` 赋值会改变模块层级的绑定。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:205 +msgid "" +"You can also see that there was no previous binding for *spam* before the " +":keyword:`global` assignment." +msgstr "而且，:keyword:`global` 赋值前没有 *spam* 的绑定。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:212 +msgid "A First Look at Classes" +msgstr "初探类" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Classes introduce a little bit of new syntax, three new object types, and " +"some new semantics." +msgstr "类引入了一点新语法，三种新的对象类型和一些新语义。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:221 +msgid "Class Definition Syntax" +msgstr "类定义语法" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:223 +msgid "The simplest form of class definition looks like this::" +msgstr "最简单的类定义形式如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:225 +msgid "" +"class ClassName:\n" +" \n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" " +msgstr "" +"class ClassName:\n" +" <语句-1>\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" <语句-N>" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Class definitions, like function definitions (:keyword:`def` statements) " +"must be executed before they have any effect. (You could conceivably place " +"a class definition in a branch of an :keyword:`if` statement, or inside a " +"function.)" +msgstr "" +"与函数定义 (:keyword:`def` 语句) 一样，类定义必须先执行才能生效。把类定义放在 :keyword:`if` " +"语句的分支里或函数内部试试。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:236 +msgid "" +"In practice, the statements inside a class definition will usually be " +"function definitions, but other statements are allowed, and sometimes useful" +" --- we'll come back to this later. The function definitions inside a class" +" normally have a peculiar form of argument list, dictated by the calling " +"conventions for methods --- again, this is explained later." +msgstr "" +"在实践中，类定义内的语句通常都是函数定义，但也可以是其他语句。这部分内容稍后再讨论。类里的函数定义一般是特殊的参数列表，这是由方法调用的约定规范所指明的" +" --- 同样，稍后再解释。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:242 +msgid "" +"When a class definition is entered, a new namespace is created, and used as " +"the local scope --- thus, all assignments to local variables go into this " +"new namespace. In particular, function definitions bind the name of the new" +" function here." +msgstr "" +"当进入类定义时，将创建一个新的命名空间，并将其用作局部作用域 --- 因此，所有对局部变量的赋值都是在这个新命名空间之内。 " +"特别的，函数定义会绑定到这里的新函数名称。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:247 +msgid "" +"When a class definition is left normally (via the end), a *class object* is " +"created. This is basically a wrapper around the contents of the namespace " +"created by the class definition; we'll learn more about class objects in the" +" next section. The original local scope (the one in effect just before the " +"class definition was entered) is reinstated, and the class object is bound " +"here to the class name given in the class definition header " +"(:class:`!ClassName` in the example)." +msgstr "" +"当 (从结尾处) 正常离开类定义时，将创建一个 *类对象*。 " +"这基本上是一个围绕类定义所创建的命名空间的包装器；我们将在下一节中了解有关类对象的更多信息。 原始的 (在进入类定义之前有效的) " +"作用域将重新生效，类对象将在这里与类定义头所给出的类名称进行绑定 (在这个示例中为 :class:`!ClassName`)。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:259 +msgid "Class Objects" +msgstr "Class 对象" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Class objects support two kinds of operations: attribute references and " +"instantiation." +msgstr "类对象支持两种操作：属性引用和实例化。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:264 +msgid "" +"*Attribute references* use the standard syntax used for all attribute " +"references in Python: ``obj.name``. Valid attribute names are all the names" +" that were in the class's namespace when the class object was created. So, " +"if the class definition looked like this::" +msgstr "" +"*属性引用* 使用 Python 中所有属性引用所使用的标准语法: ``obj.name``。 " +"有效的属性名称是类对象被创建时存在于类命名空间中的所有名称。 因此，如果类定义是这样的::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:269 +msgid "" +"class MyClass:\n" +" \"\"\"A simple example class\"\"\"\n" +" i = 12345\n" +"\n" +" def f(self):\n" +" return 'hello world'" +msgstr "" +"class MyClass:\n" +" \"\"\"一个简单的示例类\"\"\"\n" +" i = 12345\n" +"\n" +" def f(self):\n" +" return 'hello world'" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:276 +msgid "" +"then ``MyClass.i`` and ``MyClass.f`` are valid attribute references, " +"returning an integer and a function object, respectively. Class attributes " +"can also be assigned to, so you can change the value of ``MyClass.i`` by " +"assignment. :attr:`~type.__doc__` is also a valid attribute, returning the " +"docstring belonging to the class: ``\"A simple example class\"``." +msgstr "" +"那么 ``MyClass.i`` 和 ``MyClass.f`` 就是有效的属性引用，将分别返回一个整数和一个函数对象。 " +"类属性也可以被赋值，因此可以通过赋值来改变 ``MyClass.i`` 的值。 :attr:`~type.__doc__` " +"也是一个有效的属性，将返回所属类的文档字符串: ``\"A simple example class\"``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Class *instantiation* uses function notation. Just pretend that the class " +"object is a parameterless function that returns a new instance of the class." +" For example (assuming the above class)::" +msgstr "类的 *实例化* 使用函数表示法。 可以把类对象视为是返回该类的一个新实例的不带参数的函数。 举例来说（假设使用上述的类）::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:286 ../../tutorial/classes.rst:303 +msgid "x = MyClass()" +msgstr "x = MyClass()" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:288 +msgid "" +"creates a new *instance* of the class and assigns this object to the local " +"variable ``x``." +msgstr "创建类的新 *实例* 并将此对象分配给局部变量 ``x``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:291 +msgid "" +"The instantiation operation (\"calling\" a class object) creates an empty " +"object. Many classes like to create objects with instances customized to a " +"specific initial state. Therefore a class may define a special method named " +":meth:`~object.__init__`, like this::" +msgstr "" +"实例化操作 (“调用”类对象) 会创建一个空对象。 许多类都希望创建的对象实例是根据特定初始状态定制的。 因此一个类可能会定义名为 " +":meth:`~object.__init__` 的特殊方法，就像这样::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:296 +msgid "" +"def __init__(self):\n" +" self.data = []" +msgstr "" +"def __init__(self):\n" +" self.data = []" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:299 +msgid "" +"When a class defines an :meth:`~object.__init__` method, class instantiation" +" automatically invokes :meth:`!__init__` for the newly created class " +"instance. So in this example, a new, initialized instance can be obtained " +"by::" +msgstr "" +"当一个类定义了 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法时，类的实例化会自动为新创建的类实例唤起 :meth:`!__init__`。 " +"因此在这个例子中，可以通过以下语句获得一个已初始化的新实例::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:305 +msgid "" +"Of course, the :meth:`~object.__init__` method may have arguments for " +"greater flexibility. In that case, arguments given to the class " +"instantiation operator are passed on to :meth:`!__init__`. For example, ::" +msgstr "" +"当然，:meth:`~object.__init__` 方法还有一些参数用于实现更高的灵活性。 在这种情况下，提供给类实例化运算符的参数将被传递给 " +":meth:`!__init__`。 例如， ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:309 +msgid "" +">>> class Complex:\n" +"... def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart):\n" +"... self.r = realpart\n" +"... self.i = imagpart\n" +"...\n" +">>> x = Complex(3.0, -4.5)\n" +">>> x.r, x.i\n" +"(3.0, -4.5)" +msgstr "" +">>> class Complex:\n" +"... def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart):\n" +"... self.r = realpart\n" +"... self.i = imagpart\n" +"...\n" +">>> x = Complex(3.0, -4.5)\n" +">>> x.r, x.i\n" +"(3.0, -4.5)" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:322 +msgid "Instance Objects" +msgstr "实例对象" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Now what can we do with instance objects? The only operations understood by" +" instance objects are attribute references. There are two kinds of valid " +"attribute names: data attributes and methods." +msgstr "现在我们能用实例对象做什么？ 实例对象所能理解的唯一操作是属性引用。 有两种有效的属性名称：数据属性和方法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:328 +msgid "" +"*data attributes* correspond to \"instance variables\" in Smalltalk, and to " +"\"data members\" in C++. Data attributes need not be declared; like local " +"variables, they spring into existence when they are first assigned to. For " +"example, if ``x`` is the instance of :class:`!MyClass` created above, the " +"following piece of code will print the value ``16``, without leaving a " +"trace::" +msgstr "" +"*数据属性* 对应于 Smalltalk 中的“实例变量”，以及 C++ 中的“数据成员”。 " +"数据属性不需要声明；就像局部变量一样，它们将在首次被赋值时产生。 举例来说，如果 ``x`` 是上面创建的 :class:`!MyClass` " +"的实例，则以下代码将打印数值 ``16``，且不保留任何追踪信息::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:334 +msgid "" +"x.counter = 1\n" +"while x.counter < 10:\n" +" x.counter = x.counter * 2\n" +"print(x.counter)\n" +"del x.counter" +msgstr "" +"x.counter = 1\n" +"while x.counter < 10:\n" +" x.counter = x.counter * 2\n" +"print(x.counter)\n" +"del x.counter" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:340 +msgid "" +"The other kind of instance attribute reference is a *method*. A method is a " +"function that \"belongs to\" an object." +msgstr "另一种实例属性引用称为 *方法*。 方法是“从属于”对象的函数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:345 +msgid "" +"Valid method names of an instance object depend on its class. By " +"definition, all attributes of a class that are function objects define " +"corresponding methods of its instances. So in our example, ``x.f`` is a " +"valid method reference, since ``MyClass.f`` is a function, but ``x.i`` is " +"not, since ``MyClass.i`` is not. But ``x.f`` is not the same thing as " +"``MyClass.f`` --- it is a *method object*, not a function object." +msgstr "" +"实例对象的有效方法名称依赖于其所属的类。 根据定义，一个类中所有是函数对象的属性都是定义了其实例的相应方法。 因此在我们的示例中，``x.f`` " +"是有效的方法引用，因为 ``MyClass.f`` 是一个函数，而 ``x.i`` 不是方法，因为 ``MyClass.i`` 不是函数。 但是 " +"``x.f`` 与 ``MyClass.f`` 并不是一回事 --- 它是一个 *方法对象*，不是函数对象。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:356 +msgid "Method Objects" +msgstr "方法对象" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:358 +msgid "Usually, a method is called right after it is bound::" +msgstr "通常，方法在绑定后立即被调用::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:360 +msgid "x.f()" +msgstr "x.f()" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:362 +msgid "" +"In the :class:`!MyClass` example, this will return the string ``'hello " +"world'``. However, it is not necessary to call a method right away: ``x.f`` " +"is a method object, and can be stored away and called at a later time. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`!MyClass` 示例中，这将返回字符串 ``'hello world'``。 但是，方法并不是必须立即调用: ``x.f`` " +"是一个方法对象，它可以被保存起来以后再调用。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:366 +msgid "" +"xf = x.f\n" +"while True:\n" +" print(xf())" +msgstr "" +"xf = x.f\n" +"while True:\n" +" print(xf())" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:370 +msgid "will continue to print ``hello world`` until the end of time." +msgstr "将持续打印 ``hello world``，直到结束。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:372 +msgid "" +"What exactly happens when a method is called? You may have noticed that " +"``x.f()`` was called without an argument above, even though the function " +"definition for :meth:`!f` specified an argument. What happened to the " +"argument? Surely Python raises an exception when a function that requires an" +" argument is called without any --- even if the argument isn't actually " +"used..." +msgstr "" +"当一个方法被调用时究竟会发生什么？ 你可能已经注意到尽管 :meth:`!f` 的函数定义指定了一个参数，但上面调用 ``x.f()`` " +"时却没有带参数。 这个参数发生了什么事？ 当一个需要参数的函数在不附带任何参数的情况下被调用时 Python 肯定会引发异常 --- " +"即使参数实际上没有被使用..." + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Actually, you may have guessed the answer: the special thing about methods " +"is that the instance object is passed as the first argument of the function." +" In our example, the call ``x.f()`` is exactly equivalent to " +"``MyClass.f(x)``. In general, calling a method with a list of *n* arguments" +" is equivalent to calling the corresponding function with an argument list " +"that is created by inserting the method's instance object before the first " +"argument." +msgstr "" +"实际上，你可能已经猜到了答案：方法的特殊之处就在于实例对象会作为函数的第一个参数被传入。 在我们的示例中，调用 ``x.f()`` 其实就相当于 " +"``MyClass.f(x)``。 总之，调用一个具有 *n* " +"个参数的方法就相当于调用再多一个参数的对应函数，这个参数值为方法所属实例对象，位置在其他参数之前。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:385 +msgid "" +"In general, methods work as follows. When a non-data attribute of an " +"instance is referenced, the instance's class is searched. If the name " +"denotes a valid class attribute that is a function object, references to " +"both the instance object and the function object are packed into a method " +"object. When the method object is called with an argument list, a new " +"argument list is constructed from the instance object and the argument list," +" and the function object is called with this new argument list." +msgstr "" +"总而言之，方法的运作方式如下。 当一个实例的非数据属性被引用时，将搜索该实例所属的类。 " +"如果名称表示一个属于函数对象的有效类属性，则指向实例对象和函数对象的引用将被打包为一个方法对象。 " +"当传入一个参数列表调用该方法对象时，将基于实例对象和参数列表构造一个新的参数列表，并传入这个新参数列表调用相应的函数对象。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:398 +msgid "Class and Instance Variables" +msgstr "类和实例变量" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Generally speaking, instance variables are for data unique to each instance " +"and class variables are for attributes and methods shared by all instances " +"of the class::" +msgstr "一般来说，实例变量用于每个实例的唯一数据，而类变量用于类的所有实例共享的属性和方法::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:404 +msgid "" +"class Dog:\n" +"\n" +" kind = 'canine' # class variable shared by all instances\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name # instance variable unique to each instance\n" +"\n" +">>> d = Dog('Fido')\n" +">>> e = Dog('Buddy')\n" +">>> d.kind # shared by all dogs\n" +"'canine'\n" +">>> e.kind # shared by all dogs\n" +"'canine'\n" +">>> d.name # unique to d\n" +"'Fido'\n" +">>> e.name # unique to e\n" +"'Buddy'" +msgstr "" +"class Dog:\n" +"\n" +" kind = 'canine' # 类变量被所有实例所共享\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name # 实例变量为每个实例所独有\n" +"\n" +">>> d = Dog('Fido')\n" +">>> e = Dog('Buddy')\n" +">>> d.kind # 被所有的 Dog 实例所共享\n" +"'canine'\n" +">>> e.kind # 被所有的 Dog 实例所共享\n" +"'canine'\n" +">>> d.name # 为 d 所独有\n" +"'Fido'\n" +">>> e.name # 为 e 所独有\n" +"'Buddy'" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:422 +msgid "" +"As discussed in :ref:`tut-object`, shared data can have possibly surprising " +"effects with involving :term:`mutable` objects such as lists and " +"dictionaries. For example, the *tricks* list in the following code should " +"not be used as a class variable because just a single list would be shared " +"by all *Dog* instances::" +msgstr "" +"正如 :ref:`tut-object` 中已讨论过的，共享数据可能在涉及 :term:`mutable` 对象例如列表和字典的时候导致令人惊讶的结果。" +" 例如以下代码中的 *tricks* 列表不应该被用作类变量，因为所有的 *Dog* 实例将只共享一个单独的列表::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:428 +msgid "" +"class Dog:\n" +"\n" +" tricks = [] # mistaken use of a class variable\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +"\n" +" def add_trick(self, trick):\n" +" self.tricks.append(trick)\n" +"\n" +">>> d = Dog('Fido')\n" +">>> e = Dog('Buddy')\n" +">>> d.add_trick('roll over')\n" +">>> e.add_trick('play dead')\n" +">>> d.tricks # unexpectedly shared by all dogs\n" +"['roll over', 'play dead']" +msgstr "" +"class Dog:\n" +"\n" +" tricks = [] # 类变量的错误用法\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +"\n" +" def add_trick(self, trick):\n" +" self.tricks.append(trick)\n" +"\n" +">>> d = Dog('Fido')\n" +">>> e = Dog('Buddy')\n" +">>> d.add_trick('roll over')\n" +">>> e.add_trick('play dead')\n" +">>> d.tricks # 非预期地被所有的 Dog 实例所共享\n" +"['roll over', 'play dead']" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:445 +msgid "Correct design of the class should use an instance variable instead::" +msgstr "正确的类设计应该使用实例变量::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:447 +msgid "" +"class Dog:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.tricks = [] # creates a new empty list for each dog\n" +"\n" +" def add_trick(self, trick):\n" +" self.tricks.append(trick)\n" +"\n" +">>> d = Dog('Fido')\n" +">>> e = Dog('Buddy')\n" +">>> d.add_trick('roll over')\n" +">>> e.add_trick('play dead')\n" +">>> d.tricks\n" +"['roll over']\n" +">>> e.tricks\n" +"['play dead']" +msgstr "" +"class Dog:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +" self.tricks = [] # 为每个 Dog 实例新建一个空列表\n" +"\n" +" def add_trick(self, trick):\n" +" self.tricks.append(trick)\n" +"\n" +">>> d = Dog('Fido')\n" +">>> e = Dog('Buddy')\n" +">>> d.add_trick('roll over')\n" +">>> e.add_trick('play dead')\n" +">>> d.tricks\n" +"['roll over']\n" +">>> e.tricks\n" +"['play dead']" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:469 +msgid "Random Remarks" +msgstr "补充说明" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:473 +msgid "" +"If the same attribute name occurs in both an instance and in a class, then " +"attribute lookup prioritizes the instance::" +msgstr "如果同样的属性名称同时出现在实例和类中，则属性查找会优先选择实例::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:476 +msgid "" +">>> class Warehouse:\n" +"... purpose = 'storage'\n" +"... region = 'west'\n" +"...\n" +">>> w1 = Warehouse()\n" +">>> print(w1.purpose, w1.region)\n" +"storage west\n" +">>> w2 = Warehouse()\n" +">>> w2.region = 'east'\n" +">>> print(w2.purpose, w2.region)\n" +"storage east" +msgstr "" +">>> class Warehouse:\n" +"... purpose = 'storage'\n" +"... region = 'west'\n" +"...\n" +">>> w1 = Warehouse()\n" +">>> print(w1.purpose, w1.region)\n" +"storage west\n" +">>> w2 = Warehouse()\n" +">>> w2.region = 'east'\n" +">>> print(w2.purpose, w2.region)\n" +"storage east" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:488 +msgid "" +"Data attributes may be referenced by methods as well as by ordinary users " +"(\"clients\") of an object. In other words, classes are not usable to " +"implement pure abstract data types. In fact, nothing in Python makes it " +"possible to enforce data hiding --- it is all based upon convention. (On " +"the other hand, the Python implementation, written in C, can completely hide" +" implementation details and control access to an object if necessary; this " +"can be used by extensions to Python written in C.)" +msgstr "" +"数据属性可以被方法以及一个对象的普通用户（“客户端”）所引用。 换句话说，类不能用于实现纯抽象数据类型。 实际上，在 Python " +"中没有任何东西能强制隐藏数据 --- 它是完全基于约定的。 （而在另一方面，用 C 语言编写的 Python " +"实现则可以完全隐藏实现细节，并在必要时控制对象的访问；此特性可以通过用 C 编写 Python 扩展来使用。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Clients should use data attributes with care --- clients may mess up " +"invariants maintained by the methods by stamping on their data attributes. " +"Note that clients may add data attributes of their own to an instance object" +" without affecting the validity of the methods, as long as name conflicts " +"are avoided --- again, a naming convention can save a lot of headaches here." +msgstr "" +"客户端应当谨慎地使用数据属性 --- 客户端可能通过直接操作数据属性的方式破坏由方法所维护的固定变量。 " +"请注意客户端可以向一个实例对象添加他们自己的数据属性而不会影响方法的可用性，只要保证避免名称冲突 --- " +"再次提醒，在此使用命名约定可以省去许多令人头痛的麻烦。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:502 +msgid "" +"There is no shorthand for referencing data attributes (or other methods!) " +"from within methods. I find that this actually increases the readability of" +" methods: there is no chance of confusing local variables and instance " +"variables when glancing through a method." +msgstr "" +"在方法内部引用数据属性（或其他方法！）并没有简便方式。 我发现这实际上提升了方法的可读性：当浏览一个方法代码时，不会存在混淆局部变量和实例变量的机会。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Often, the first argument of a method is called ``self``. This is nothing " +"more than a convention: the name ``self`` has absolutely no special meaning " +"to Python. Note, however, that by not following the convention your code " +"may be less readable to other Python programmers, and it is also conceivable" +" that a *class browser* program might be written that relies upon such a " +"convention." +msgstr "" +"方法的第一个参数常常被命名为 ``self``。 这也不过就是一个约定: ``self`` 这一名称在 Python 中绝对没有特殊含义。 " +"但是要注意，不遵循此约定会使得你的代码对其他 Python 程序员来说缺乏可读性，而且也可以想像一个 *类浏览器* 程序的编写可能会依赖于这样的约定。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Any function object that is a class attribute defines a method for instances" +" of that class. It is not necessary that the function definition is " +"textually enclosed in the class definition: assigning a function object to a" +" local variable in the class is also ok. For example::" +msgstr "" +"任何一个作为类属性的函数都为该类的实例定义了一个相应方法。 函数定义的文本并非必须包含于类定义之内：将一个函数对象赋值给一个局部变量也是可以的。 " +"例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:518 +msgid "" +"# Function defined outside the class\n" +"def f1(self, x, y):\n" +" return min(x, x+y)\n" +"\n" +"class C:\n" +" f = f1\n" +"\n" +" def g(self):\n" +" return 'hello world'\n" +"\n" +" h = g" +msgstr "" +"# 在类之外定义的函数\n" +"def f1(self, x, y):\n" +" return min(x, x+y)\n" +"\n" +"class C:\n" +" f = f1\n" +"\n" +" def g(self):\n" +" return 'hello world'\n" +"\n" +" h = g" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Now ``f``, ``g`` and ``h`` are all attributes of class :class:`!C` that " +"refer to function objects, and consequently they are all methods of " +"instances of :class:`!C` --- ``h`` being exactly equivalent to ``g``. Note " +"that this practice usually only serves to confuse the reader of a program." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``f``、``g`` 和 ``h`` 都 :class:`!C` 类的指向函数对象的属性，因此它们都是 :class:`!C` 实例的方法 " +"--- 其中 ``h`` 与 ``g`` 完全等价。 但请注意这种做法通常只会使程序的阅读者感到迷惑。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:535 +msgid "" +"Methods may call other methods by using method attributes of the ``self`` " +"argument::" +msgstr "方法可以通过使用 ``self`` 参数的方法属性调用其他方法::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:538 +msgid "" +"class Bag:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.data = []\n" +"\n" +" def add(self, x):\n" +" self.data.append(x)\n" +"\n" +" def addtwice(self, x):\n" +" self.add(x)\n" +" self.add(x)" +msgstr "" +"class Bag:\n" +" def __init__(self):\n" +" self.data = []\n" +"\n" +" def add(self, x):\n" +" self.data.append(x)\n" +"\n" +" def addtwice(self, x):\n" +" self.add(x)\n" +" self.add(x)" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:549 +msgid "" +"Methods may reference global names in the same way as ordinary functions. " +"The global scope associated with a method is the module containing its " +"definition. (A class is never used as a global scope.) While one rarely " +"encounters a good reason for using global data in a method, there are many " +"legitimate uses of the global scope: for one thing, functions and modules " +"imported into the global scope can be used by methods, as well as functions " +"and classes defined in it. Usually, the class containing the method is " +"itself defined in this global scope, and in the next section we'll find some" +" good reasons why a method would want to reference its own class." +msgstr "" +"方法可以通过与普通函数相同的方式引用全局名称。与方法相关联的全局作用域就是包含该方法的定义语句的模块。（类永远不会被用作全局作用域。）尽管一个人很少会有好的理由在方法中使用全局作用域中的数据，全局作用域依然存在许多合理的使用场景：举个例子，导入到全局作用域的函数和模块可以被方法所使用，定义在全局作用域中的函数和类也一样。通常，包含该方法的类本身就定义在全局作用域中，而在下一节中我们将会发现，为何有些时候方法需要引用其所属类。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:559 +msgid "" +"Each value is an object, and therefore has a *class* (also called its " +"*type*). It is stored as ``object.__class__``." +msgstr "每个值都是一个对象，因此具有 *类* （也称为 *类型*），并存储为 ``object.__class__`` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:566 +msgid "Inheritance" +msgstr "继承" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:568 +msgid "" +"Of course, a language feature would not be worthy of the name \"class\" " +"without supporting inheritance. The syntax for a derived class definition " +"looks like this::" +msgstr "当然，如果不支持继承，语言特性就不值得称为“类”。派生类定义的语法如下所示::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:572 +msgid "" +"class DerivedClassName(BaseClassName):\n" +" \n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" " +msgstr "" +"class DerivedClassName(BaseClassName):\n" +" <语句-1>\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" <语句-N>" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:579 +msgid "" +"The name :class:`!BaseClassName` must be defined in a namespace accessible " +"from the scope containing the derived class definition. In place of a base " +"class name, other arbitrary expressions are also allowed. This can be " +"useful, for example, when the base class is defined in another module::" +msgstr "" +"名称 :class:`!BaseClassName` 必须定义于可从包含所派生的类的定义的作用域访问的命名空间中。 " +"作为基类名称的替代，也允许使用其他任意表达式。 例如，当基类定义在另一个模块中时，这就会很有用处::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:585 +msgid "class DerivedClassName(modname.BaseClassName):" +msgstr "class DerivedClassName(modname.BaseClassName):" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Execution of a derived class definition proceeds the same as for a base " +"class. When the class object is constructed, the base class is remembered. " +"This is used for resolving attribute references: if a requested attribute is" +" not found in the class, the search proceeds to look in the base class. " +"This rule is applied recursively if the base class itself is derived from " +"some other class." +msgstr "" +"派生类定义的执行过程与基类相同。 当构造类对象时，基类会被记住。 此信息将被用来解析属性引用：如果请求的属性在类中找不到，搜索将转往基类中进行查找。 " +"如果基类本身也派生自其他某个类，则此规则将被递归地应用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:593 +msgid "" +"There's nothing special about instantiation of derived classes: " +"``DerivedClassName()`` creates a new instance of the class. Method " +"references are resolved as follows: the corresponding class attribute is " +"searched, descending down the chain of base classes if necessary, and the " +"method reference is valid if this yields a function object." +msgstr "" +"派生类的实例化没有任何特殊之处: ``DerivedClassName()`` 会创建该类的一个新实例。 " +"方法引用将按以下方式解析：搜索相应的类属性，如有必要将按基类继承链逐步向下查找，如果产生了一个函数对象则方法引用就生效。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:599 +msgid "" +"Derived classes may override methods of their base classes. Because methods" +" have no special privileges when calling other methods of the same object, a" +" method of a base class that calls another method defined in the same base " +"class may end up calling a method of a derived class that overrides it. " +"(For C++ programmers: all methods in Python are effectively ``virtual``.)" +msgstr "" +"派生类可能会重写其基类的方法。 " +"因为方法在调用同一对象的其他方法时没有特殊权限，所以基类方法在尝试调用调用同一基类中定义的另一方法时，可能实际上调用是该基类的派生类中定义的方法。（对 " +"C++ 程序员的提示：Python 中所有的方法实际上都是 ``virtual`` 方法。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:605 +msgid "" +"An overriding method in a derived class may in fact want to extend rather " +"than simply replace the base class method of the same name. There is a " +"simple way to call the base class method directly: just call " +"``BaseClassName.methodname(self, arguments)``. This is occasionally useful " +"to clients as well. (Note that this only works if the base class is " +"accessible as ``BaseClassName`` in the global scope.)" +msgstr "" +"在派生类中的重写方法实际上可能想要扩展而非简单地替换同名的基类方法。 有一种方式可以简单地直接调用基类方法：即调用 " +"``BaseClassName.methodname(self, arguments)``。 有时这对客户端来说也是有用的。 " +"（请注意仅当此基类可在全局作用域中以 ``BaseClassName`` 的名称被访问时方可使用此方式。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:612 +msgid "Python has two built-in functions that work with inheritance:" +msgstr "Python有两个内置函数可被用于继承机制：" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`isinstance` to check an instance's type: ``isinstance(obj, int)``" +" will be ``True`` only if ``obj.__class__`` is :class:`int` or some class " +"derived from :class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`isinstance` 来检查一个实例的类型: ``isinstance(obj, int)`` 仅会在 " +"``obj.__class__`` 为 :class:`int` 或某个派生自 :class:`int` 的类时为 ``True``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`issubclass` to check class inheritance: ``issubclass(bool, int)``" +" is ``True`` since :class:`bool` is a subclass of :class:`int`. However, " +"``issubclass(float, int)`` is ``False`` since :class:`float` is not a " +"subclass of :class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`issubclass` 来检查类的继承关系: ``issubclass(bool, int)`` 为 ``True``，因为 " +":class:`bool` 是 :class:`int` 的子类。 但是，``issubclass(float, int)`` 为 " +"``False``，因为 :class:`float` 不是 :class:`int` 的子类。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:628 +msgid "Multiple Inheritance" +msgstr "多重继承" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Python supports a form of multiple inheritance as well. A class definition " +"with multiple base classes looks like this::" +msgstr "Python 也支持一种多重继承。 带有多个基类的类定义语句如下所示::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:633 +msgid "" +"class DerivedClassName(Base1, Base2, Base3):\n" +" \n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" " +msgstr "" +"class DerivedClassName(Base1, Base2, Base3):\n" +" <语句-1>\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" .\n" +" <语句-N>" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:640 +msgid "" +"For most purposes, in the simplest cases, you can think of the search for " +"attributes inherited from a parent class as depth-first, left-to-right, not " +"searching twice in the same class where there is an overlap in the " +"hierarchy. Thus, if an attribute is not found in :class:`!DerivedClassName`," +" it is searched for in :class:`!Base1`, then (recursively) in the base " +"classes of :class:`!Base1`, and if it was not found there, it was searched " +"for in :class:`!Base2`, and so on." +msgstr "" +"对于多数目的来说，在最简单的情况下，你可以认为搜索从父类所继承属性的操作是深度优先、从左到右的，当层次结构存在重叠时不会在同一个类中搜索两次。 " +"因此，如果某个属性在 :class:`!DerivedClassName` 中找不到，就会在 :class:`!Base1` 中搜索它，然后（递归地）在" +" :class:`!Base1` 的基类中搜索，如果在那里也找不到，就将在 :class:`!Base2` 中搜索，依此类推。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:647 +msgid "" +"In fact, it is slightly more complex than that; the method resolution order " +"changes dynamically to support cooperative calls to :func:`super`. This " +"approach is known in some other multiple-inheritance languages as call-next-" +"method and is more powerful than the super call found in single-inheritance " +"languages." +msgstr "" +"真实情况比这个更复杂一些；方法解析顺序会动态改变以支持对 :func:`super` 的协同调用。 " +"这种方式在某些其他多重继承型语言中被称为后续方法调用，它比单继承型语言中的 super 调用更强大。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Dynamic ordering is necessary because all cases of multiple inheritance " +"exhibit one or more diamond relationships (where at least one of the parent " +"classes can be accessed through multiple paths from the bottommost class). " +"For example, all classes inherit from :class:`object`, so any case of " +"multiple inheritance provides more than one path to reach :class:`object`. " +"To keep the base classes from being accessed more than once, the dynamic " +"algorithm linearizes the search order in a way that preserves the left-to-" +"right ordering specified in each class, that calls each parent only once, " +"and that is monotonic (meaning that a class can be subclassed without " +"affecting the precedence order of its parents). Taken together, these " +"properties make it possible to design reliable and extensible classes with " +"multiple inheritance. For more detail, see :ref:`python_2.3_mro`." +msgstr "" +"动态调整顺序是有必要的，因为所有多重继承的情况都会显示出一个或更多的菱形关联（即至少有一个上级类可通过多条路径被最底层的类所访问）。 " +"例如，所有类都是继承自 :class:`object`，因此任何多重继承的情况都提供了一条以上的路径可以通向 :class:`object`。 " +"为了确保基类不会被访问一次以上，动态算法会用一种特殊方式将搜索顺序线性化，保留每个类所指定的从左至右的顺序，只调用每个上级类一次，并且保持单调性（即一个类可以被子类化而不影响其父类的优先顺序）。" +" 总而言之，这些特性使得设计具有多重继承的可靠且可扩展的类成为可能。 要了解更多细节，请参阅 :ref:`python_2.3_mro`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:670 +msgid "Private Variables" +msgstr "私有变量" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:672 +msgid "" +"\"Private\" instance variables that cannot be accessed except from inside an" +" object don't exist in Python. However, there is a convention that is " +"followed by most Python code: a name prefixed with an underscore (e.g. " +"``_spam``) should be treated as a non-public part of the API (whether it is " +"a function, a method or a data member). It should be considered an " +"implementation detail and subject to change without notice." +msgstr "" +"那种仅限从一个对象内部访问的“私有”实例变量在 Python 中并不存在。 但是，大多数 Python 代码都遵循这样一个约定：带有一个下划线的名称 " +"(例如 ``_spam``) 应该被当作是 API 的非公有部分 (无论它是函数、方法或是数据成员)。 " +"这应当被视为一个实现细节，可能不经通知即加以改变。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:682 +msgid "" +"Since there is a valid use-case for class-private members (namely to avoid " +"name clashes of names with names defined by subclasses), there is limited " +"support for such a mechanism, called :dfn:`name mangling`. Any identifier " +"of the form ``__spam`` (at least two leading underscores, at most one " +"trailing underscore) is textually replaced with ``_classname__spam``, where " +"``classname`` is the current class name with leading underscore(s) stripped." +" This mangling is done without regard to the syntactic position of the " +"identifier, as long as it occurs within the definition of a class." +msgstr "" +"由于存在对于类私有成员的有效使用场景（例如避免名称与子类所定义的名称相冲突），因此存在对此种机制的有限支持，称为 :dfn:`名称改写`。 任何形式为 " +"``__spam`` 的标识符（至少带有两个前缀下划线，至多一个后缀下划线）的文本将被替换为 ``_classname__spam``，其中 " +"``classname`` 为去除了前缀下划线的当前类名称。 这种改写不考虑标识符的句法位置，只要它出现在类定义内部就会进行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:693 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`private name mangling specifications ` for " +"details and special cases." +msgstr ":ref:`私有名称调整规范说明 ` 了解相关详情和特例。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:696 +msgid "" +"Name mangling is helpful for letting subclasses override methods without " +"breaking intraclass method calls. For example::" +msgstr "名称改写有助于让子类重写方法而不破坏类内方法调用。例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:699 +msgid "" +"class Mapping:\n" +" def __init__(self, iterable):\n" +" self.items_list = []\n" +" self.__update(iterable)\n" +"\n" +" def update(self, iterable):\n" +" for item in iterable:\n" +" self.items_list.append(item)\n" +"\n" +" __update = update # private copy of original update() method\n" +"\n" +"class MappingSubclass(Mapping):\n" +"\n" +" def update(self, keys, values):\n" +" # provides new signature for update()\n" +" # but does not break __init__()\n" +" for item in zip(keys, values):\n" +" self.items_list.append(item)" +msgstr "" +"class Mapping:\n" +" def __init__(self, iterable):\n" +" self.items_list = []\n" +" self.__update(iterable)\n" +"\n" +" def update(self, iterable):\n" +" for item in iterable:\n" +" self.items_list.append(item)\n" +"\n" +" __update = update # 原始 update() 方法的私有副本\n" +"\n" +"class MappingSubclass(Mapping):\n" +"\n" +" def update(self, keys, values):\n" +" # 为 update() 提供了新的签名\n" +" # 但不会破坏 __init__()\n" +" for item in zip(keys, values):\n" +" self.items_list.append(item)" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:718 +msgid "" +"The above example would work even if ``MappingSubclass`` were to introduce a" +" ``__update`` identifier since it is replaced with ``_Mapping__update`` in " +"the ``Mapping`` class and ``_MappingSubclass__update`` in the " +"``MappingSubclass`` class respectively." +msgstr "" +"上面的示例即使在 ``MappingSubclass`` 引入了一个 ``__update`` 标识符的情况下也不会出错，因为它会在 " +"``Mapping`` 类中被替换为 ``_Mapping__update`` 而在 ``MappingSubclass`` 类中被替换为 " +"``_MappingSubclass__update``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:723 +msgid "" +"Note that the mangling rules are designed mostly to avoid accidents; it " +"still is possible to access or modify a variable that is considered private." +" This can even be useful in special circumstances, such as in the debugger." +msgstr "请注意，改写规则的设计主要是为了避免意外冲突；访问或修改被视为私有的变量仍然是可能的。这在特殊情况下甚至会很有用，例如在调试器中。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:727 +msgid "" +"Notice that code passed to ``exec()`` or ``eval()`` does not consider the " +"classname of the invoking class to be the current class; this is similar to " +"the effect of the ``global`` statement, the effect of which is likewise " +"restricted to code that is byte-compiled together. The same restriction " +"applies to ``getattr()``, ``setattr()`` and ``delattr()``, as well as when " +"referencing ``__dict__`` directly." +msgstr "" +"请注意传递给 ``exec()`` 或 ``eval()`` 的代码不会将唤起类的类名视作当前类；这类似于 ``global`` " +"语句的效果，因此这种效果仅限于同时经过字节码编译的代码。 同样的限制也适用于 ``getattr()``, ``setattr()`` 和 " +"``delattr()``，以及对于 ``__dict__`` 的直接引用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:738 +msgid "Odds and Ends" +msgstr "杂项说明" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:740 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it is useful to have a data type similar to the Pascal \"record\" " +"or C \"struct\", bundling together a few named data items. The idiomatic " +"approach is to use :mod:`dataclasses` for this purpose::" +msgstr "" +"有时具有类似于 Pascal \"record\" 或 C \"struct\" 的数据类型是很有用的，将一些带名称的数据项捆绑在一起。 " +"实现这一目标的理想方式是使用 :mod:`dataclasses`::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:744 +msgid "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Employee:\n" +" name: str\n" +" dept: str\n" +" salary: int" +msgstr "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Employee:\n" +" name: str\n" +" dept: str\n" +" salary: int" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:754 +msgid "" +">>> john = Employee('john', 'computer lab', 1000)\n" +">>> john.dept\n" +"'computer lab'\n" +">>> john.salary\n" +"1000" +msgstr "" +">>> john = Employee('john', 'computer lab', 1000)\n" +">>> john.dept\n" +"'computer lab'\n" +">>> john.salary\n" +"1000" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:760 +msgid "" +"A piece of Python code that expects a particular abstract data type can " +"often be passed a class that emulates the methods of that data type instead." +" For instance, if you have a function that formats some data from a file " +"object, you can define a class with methods :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` and " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` that get the data from a string buffer " +"instead, and pass it as an argument." +msgstr "" +"一段期望使用特定抽象数据类型的 Python 代码通常可以通过传入一个模拟了该数据类型的方法的类作为替代。 " +"例如，如果你有一个基于文件对象来格式化某些数据的函数，你可以定义一个带有 :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` 和 " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.readline` 方法以便从字典串缓冲区获取数据的类，并将其作为参数传入。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:772 +msgid "" +":ref:`Instance method objects ` have attributes, too: " +":attr:`m.__self__ ` is the instance object with the method " +":meth:`!m`, and :attr:`m.__func__ ` is the :ref:`function " +"object ` corresponding to the method." +msgstr "" +":ref:`实例方法对象 ` 也具有属性: :attr:`m.__self__ `" +" 就是带有 :meth:`!m` 方法的实例对象，而 :attr:`m.__func__ ` 就是该方法所对应的 " +":ref:`函数对象 `。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:782 +msgid "Iterators" +msgstr "迭代器" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:784 +msgid "" +"By now you have probably noticed that most container objects can be looped " +"over using a :keyword:`for` statement::" +msgstr "到目前为止，您可能已经注意到大多数容器对象都可以使用 :keyword:`for` 语句::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:787 +msgid "" +"for element in [1, 2, 3]:\n" +" print(element)\n" +"for element in (1, 2, 3):\n" +" print(element)\n" +"for key in {'one':1, 'two':2}:\n" +" print(key)\n" +"for char in \"123\":\n" +" print(char)\n" +"for line in open(\"myfile.txt\"):\n" +" print(line, end='')" +msgstr "" +"for element in [1, 2, 3]:\n" +" print(element)\n" +"for element in (1, 2, 3):\n" +" print(element)\n" +"for key in {'one':1, 'two':2}:\n" +" print(key)\n" +"for char in \"123\":\n" +" print(char)\n" +"for line in open(\"myfile.txt\"):\n" +" print(line, end='')" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:798 +msgid "" +"This style of access is clear, concise, and convenient. The use of " +"iterators pervades and unifies Python. Behind the scenes, the " +":keyword:`for` statement calls :func:`iter` on the container object. The " +"function returns an iterator object that defines the method " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` which accesses elements in the container one at a" +" time. When there are no more elements, :meth:`~iterator.__next__` raises a" +" :exc:`StopIteration` exception which tells the :keyword:`!for` loop to " +"terminate. You can call the :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method using the " +":func:`next` built-in function; this example shows how it all works::" +msgstr "" +"这种访问风格清晰、简洁又方便。 迭代器的使用非常普遍并使得 Python 成为一个统一的整体。 在幕后，:keyword:`for` " +"语句会在容器对象上调用 :func:`iter`。 该函数返回一个定义了 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` " +"方法的迭代器对象，此方法将逐一访问容器中的元素。 当元素用尽时，:meth:`~iterator.__next__` 将引发 " +":exc:`StopIteration` 异常来通知终止 :keyword:`!for` 循环。 你可以使用 :func:`next` 内置函数来调用 " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法；这个例子显示了它的运作方式::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:807 +msgid "" +">>> s = 'abc'\n" +">>> it = iter(s)\n" +">>> it\n" +"\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"'a'\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"'b'\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"'c'\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" next(it)\n" +"StopIteration" +msgstr "" +">>> s = 'abc'\n" +">>> it = iter(s)\n" +">>> it\n" +"\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"'a'\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"'b'\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"'c'\n" +">>> next(it)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" next(it)\n" +"StopIteration" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:823 +msgid "" +"Having seen the mechanics behind the iterator protocol, it is easy to add " +"iterator behavior to your classes. Define an :meth:`~container.__iter__` " +"method which returns an object with a :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method. If" +" the class defines :meth:`!__next__`, then :meth:`!__iter__` can just return" +" ``self``::" +msgstr "" +"了解了迭代器协议背后的机制后，就可以轻松地为你的类添加迭代器行为了。 定义 :meth:`~container.__iter__` 方法用于返回一个带有" +" :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法的对象。 如果类已定义了 :meth:`!__next__`，那么 " +":meth:`!__iter__` 可以简单地返回 ``self``::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:828 +msgid "" +"class Reverse:\n" +" \"\"\"Iterator for looping over a sequence backwards.\"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, data):\n" +" self.data = data\n" +" self.index = len(data)\n" +"\n" +" def __iter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __next__(self):\n" +" if self.index == 0:\n" +" raise StopIteration\n" +" self.index = self.index - 1\n" +" return self.data[self.index]" +msgstr "" +"class Reverse:\n" +" \"\"\"对一个序列执行反向循环的迭代器。\"\"\"\n" +" def __init__(self, data):\n" +" self.data = data\n" +" self.index = len(data)\n" +"\n" +" def __iter__(self):\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" def __next__(self):\n" +" if self.index == 0:\n" +" raise StopIteration\n" +" self.index = self.index - 1\n" +" return self.data[self.index]" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:845 +msgid "" +">>> rev = Reverse('spam')\n" +">>> iter(rev)\n" +"<__main__.Reverse object at 0x00A1DB50>\n" +">>> for char in rev:\n" +"... print(char)\n" +"...\n" +"m\n" +"a\n" +"p\n" +"s" +msgstr "" +">>> rev = Reverse('spam')\n" +">>> iter(rev)\n" +"<__main__.Reverse object at 0x00A1DB50>\n" +">>> for char in rev:\n" +"... print(char)\n" +"...\n" +"m\n" +"a\n" +"p\n" +"s" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:860 +msgid "Generators" +msgstr "生成器" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:862 +msgid "" +":term:`Generators ` are a simple and powerful tool for creating " +"iterators. They are written like regular functions but use the " +":keyword:`yield` statement whenever they want to return data. Each time " +":func:`next` is called on it, the generator resumes where it left off (it " +"remembers all the data values and which statement was last executed). An " +"example shows that generators can be trivially easy to create::" +msgstr "" +":term:`生成器 ` 是一个用于创建迭代器的简单而强大的工具。 它们的写法类似于标准的函数，但当它们要返回数据时会使用 " +":keyword:`yield` 语句。 每次在生成器上调用 :func:`next` " +"时，它会从上次离开的位置恢复执行（它会记住上次执行语句时的所有数据值）。 一个显示如何非常容易地创建生成器的示例如下::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:869 +msgid "" +"def reverse(data):\n" +" for index in range(len(data)-1, -1, -1):\n" +" yield data[index]" +msgstr "" +"def reverse(data):\n" +" for index in range(len(data)-1, -1, -1):\n" +" yield data[index]" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:875 +msgid "" +">>> for char in reverse('golf'):\n" +"... print(char)\n" +"...\n" +"f\n" +"l\n" +"o\n" +"g" +msgstr "" +">>> for char in reverse('golf'):\n" +"... print(char)\n" +"...\n" +"f\n" +"l\n" +"o\n" +"g" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:883 +msgid "" +"Anything that can be done with generators can also be done with class-based " +"iterators as described in the previous section. What makes generators so " +"compact is that the :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` and " +":meth:`~generator.__next__` methods are created automatically." +msgstr "" +"可以用生成器来完成的任何功能同样可以通用前一节所描述的基于类的迭代器来完成。 但生成器的写法更为紧凑，因为它会自动创建 " +":meth:`~iterator.__iter__` 和 :meth:`~generator.__next__` 方法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:888 +msgid "" +"Another key feature is that the local variables and execution state are " +"automatically saved between calls. This made the function easier to write " +"and much more clear than an approach using instance variables like " +"``self.index`` and ``self.data``." +msgstr "" +"另一个关键特性在于局部变量和执行状态会在每次调用之间自动保存。 这使得该函数相比使用 ``self.index`` 和 ``self.data`` " +"这种实例变量的方式更易编写且更为清晰。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:893 +msgid "" +"In addition to automatic method creation and saving program state, when " +"generators terminate, they automatically raise :exc:`StopIteration`. In " +"combination, these features make it easy to create iterators with no more " +"effort than writing a regular function." +msgstr "" +"除了会自动创建方法和保存程序状态，当生成器终结时，它们还会自动引发 :exc:`StopIteration`。 " +"这些特性结合在一起，使得创建迭代器能与编写常规函数一样容易。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:902 +msgid "Generator Expressions" +msgstr "生成器表达式" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:904 +msgid "" +"Some simple generators can be coded succinctly as expressions using a syntax" +" similar to list comprehensions but with parentheses instead of square " +"brackets. These expressions are designed for situations where the generator " +"is used right away by an enclosing function. Generator expressions are more" +" compact but less versatile than full generator definitions and tend to be " +"more memory friendly than equivalent list comprehensions." +msgstr "" +"某些简单的生成器可以写成简洁的表达式代码，所用语法类似列表推导式，但外层为圆括号而非方括号。 这种表达式被设计用于生成器将立即被外层函数所使用的情况。 " +"生成器表达式相比完整的生成器更紧凑但较不灵活，相比等效的列表推导式则更为节省内存。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:911 +msgid "Examples::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:913 +msgid "" +">>> sum(i*i for i in range(10)) # sum of squares\n" +"285\n" +"\n" +">>> xvec = [10, 20, 30]\n" +">>> yvec = [7, 5, 3]\n" +">>> sum(x*y for x,y in zip(xvec, yvec)) # dot product\n" +"260\n" +"\n" +">>> unique_words = set(word for line in page for word in line.split())\n" +"\n" +">>> valedictorian = max((student.gpa, student.name) for student in graduates)\n" +"\n" +">>> data = 'golf'\n" +">>> list(data[i] for i in range(len(data)-1, -1, -1))\n" +"['f', 'l', 'o', 'g']" +msgstr "" +">>> sum(i*i for i in range(10)) # 平方和\n" +"285\n" +"\n" +">>> xvec = [10, 20, 30]\n" +">>> yvec = [7, 5, 3]\n" +">>> sum(x*y for x,y in zip(xvec, yvec)) # 点乘\n" +"260\n" +"\n" +">>> unique_words = set(word for line in page for word in line.split())\n" +"\n" +">>> valedictorian = max((student.gpa, student.name) for student in graduates)\n" +"\n" +">>> data = 'golf'\n" +">>> list(data[i] for i in range(len(data)-1, -1, -1))\n" +"['f', 'l', 'o', 'g']" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:932 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:933 +msgid "" +"Except for one thing. Module objects have a secret read-only attribute " +"called :attr:`~object.__dict__` which returns the dictionary used to " +"implement the module's namespace; the name ``__dict__`` is an attribute but " +"not a global name. Obviously, using this violates the abstraction of " +"namespace implementation, and should be restricted to things like post-" +"mortem debuggers." +msgstr "" +"存在一个例外。 模块对象有一个秘密的只读属性名为 :attr:`~object.__dict__`，它返回用于实现模块命名空间的字典；名称 " +"``__dict__`` 是一个属性但不是全局名称。 显然，使用个将违反命名空间实现的抽象，应当仅限用于事后调试器之类的情况。" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:343 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:343 +msgid "method" +msgstr "method -- 方法" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:679 +msgid "name" +msgstr "name" + +#: ../../tutorial/classes.rst:679 +msgid "mangling" +msgstr "扭曲" diff --git a/tutorial/controlflow.po b/tutorial/controlflow.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21088f3ba --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/controlflow.po @@ -0,0 +1,2261 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Fred , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# cissoid , 2023 +# LeeWendao , 2023 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-19 01:00+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:5 +msgid "More Control Flow Tools" +msgstr "更多控制流工具" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:7 +msgid "" +"As well as the :keyword:`while` statement just introduced, Python uses a few" +" more that we will encounter in this chapter." +msgstr "除了刚介绍的 :keyword:`while` 语句，Python 还用了一些别的。我们将在本章中遇到它们。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:14 +msgid ":keyword:`!if` Statements" +msgstr ":keyword:`!if` 语句" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Perhaps the most well-known statement type is the :keyword:`if` statement. " +"For example::" +msgstr "最让人耳熟能详的语句应当是 :keyword:`if` 语句：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:19 +msgid "" +">>> x = int(input(\"Please enter an integer: \"))\n" +"Please enter an integer: 42\n" +">>> if x < 0:\n" +"... x = 0\n" +"... print('Negative changed to zero')\n" +"... elif x == 0:\n" +"... print('Zero')\n" +"... elif x == 1:\n" +"... print('Single')\n" +"... else:\n" +"... print('More')\n" +"...\n" +"More" +msgstr "" +">>> x = int(input(\"Please enter an integer: \"))\n" +"Please enter an integer: 42\n" +">>> if x < 0:\n" +"... x = 0\n" +"... print('Negative changed to zero')\n" +"... elif x == 0:\n" +"... print('Zero')\n" +"... elif x == 1:\n" +"... print('Single')\n" +"... else:\n" +"... print('More')\n" +"...\n" +"更多" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:33 +msgid "" +"There can be zero or more :keyword:`elif` parts, and the :keyword:`else` " +"part is optional. The keyword ':keyword:`!elif`' is short for 'else if', " +"and is useful to avoid excessive indentation. An :keyword:`!if` ... " +":keyword:`!elif` ... :keyword:`!elif` ... sequence is a substitute for the " +"``switch`` or ``case`` statements found in other languages." +msgstr "" +"可有零个或多个 :keyword:`elif` 部分，:keyword:`else` 部分也是可选的。关键字 ':keyword:`!elif`' 是 " +"'else if' 的缩写，用于避免过多的缩进。:keyword:`!if` ... :keyword:`!elif` ... " +":keyword:`!elif` ... 序列可以当作其它语言中 ``switch`` 或 ``case`` 语句的替代品。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:39 +msgid "" +"If you're comparing the same value to several constants, or checking for " +"specific types or attributes, you may also find the :keyword:`!match` " +"statement useful. For more details see :ref:`tut-match`." +msgstr "" +"如果是把一个值与多个常量进行比较，或者检查特定类型或属性，:keyword:`!match` 语句更有用。详见 :ref:`tut-match`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:46 +msgid ":keyword:`!for` Statements" +msgstr ":keyword:`!for` 语句" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`for` statement in Python differs a bit from what you may be " +"used to in C or Pascal. Rather than always iterating over an arithmetic " +"progression of numbers (like in Pascal), or giving the user the ability to " +"define both the iteration step and halting condition (as C), Python's " +":keyword:`!for` statement iterates over the items of any sequence (a list or" +" a string), in the order that they appear in the sequence. For example (no " +"pun intended):" +msgstr "" +"Python 的 :keyword:`for` 语句与 C 或 Pascal 中的不同。Python 的 :keyword:`!for` " +"语句不迭代算术递增数值（如 Pascal），或是给予用户定义迭代步骤和结束条件的能力（如 " +"C），而是在列表或字符串等任意序列的元素上迭代，按它们在序列中出现的顺序。 例如（这不是有意要暗指什么）：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:63 +msgid "" +">>> # Measure some strings:\n" +">>> words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']\n" +">>> for w in words:\n" +"... print(w, len(w))\n" +"...\n" +"cat 3\n" +"window 6\n" +"defenestrate 12" +msgstr "" +">>> # 度量一些字符串：\n" +">>> words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']\n" +">>> for w in words:\n" +"... print(w, len(w))\n" +"...\n" +"cat 3\n" +"window 6\n" +"defenestrate 12" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Code that modifies a collection while iterating over that same collection " +"can be tricky to get right. Instead, it is usually more straight-forward to" +" loop over a copy of the collection or to create a new collection::" +msgstr "很难正确地在迭代多项集的同时修改多项集的内容。更简单的方法是迭代多项集的副本或者创建新的多项集：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:76 +msgid "" +"# Create a sample collection\n" +"users = {'Hans': 'active', 'Éléonore': 'inactive', '景太郎': 'active'}\n" +"\n" +"# Strategy: Iterate over a copy\n" +"for user, status in users.copy().items():\n" +" if status == 'inactive':\n" +" del users[user]\n" +"\n" +"# Strategy: Create a new collection\n" +"active_users = {}\n" +"for user, status in users.items():\n" +" if status == 'active':\n" +" active_users[user] = status" +msgstr "" +"# 创建示例多项集\n" +"users = {'Hans': 'active', 'Éléonore': 'inactive', '景太郎': 'active'}\n" +"\n" +"# 策略：迭代一个副本\n" +"for user, status in users.copy().items():\n" +" if status == 'inactive':\n" +" del users[user]\n" +"\n" +"# 策略：创建一个新多项集\n" +"active_users = {}\n" +"for user, status in users.items():\n" +" if status == 'active':\n" +" active_users[user] = status" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:94 +msgid "The :func:`range` Function" +msgstr ":func:`range` 函数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:96 +msgid "" +"If you do need to iterate over a sequence of numbers, the built-in function " +":func:`range` comes in handy. It generates arithmetic progressions::" +msgstr "内置函数 :func:`range` 用于生成等差数列：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:99 +msgid "" +">>> for i in range(5):\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"...\n" +"0\n" +"1\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +"4" +msgstr "" +">>> for i in range(5):\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"...\n" +"0\n" +"1\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +"4" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:108 +msgid "" +"The given end point is never part of the generated sequence; ``range(10)`` " +"generates 10 values, the legal indices for items of a sequence of length 10." +" It is possible to let the range start at another number, or to specify a " +"different increment (even negative; sometimes this is called the 'step')::" +msgstr "" +"生成的序列绝不会包括给定的终止值；``range(10)`` 生成 10 个值——长度为 10 的序列的所有合法索引。range 可以不从 0 " +"开始，且可以按给定的步长递增（即使是负数步长）：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:113 +msgid "" +">>> list(range(5, 10))\n" +"[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n" +"\n" +">>> list(range(0, 10, 3))\n" +"[0, 3, 6, 9]\n" +"\n" +">>> list(range(-10, -100, -30))\n" +"[-10, -40, -70]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(range(5, 10))\n" +"[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n" +"\n" +">>> list(range(0, 10, 3))\n" +"[0, 3, 6, 9]\n" +"\n" +">>> list(range(-10, -100, -30))\n" +"[-10, -40, -70]" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:122 +msgid "" +"To iterate over the indices of a sequence, you can combine :func:`range` and" +" :func:`len` as follows::" +msgstr "要按索引迭代序列，可以组合使用 :func:`range` 和 :func:`len`：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:125 +msgid "" +">>> a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb']\n" +">>> for i in range(len(a)):\n" +"... print(i, a[i])\n" +"...\n" +"0 Mary\n" +"1 had\n" +"2 a\n" +"3 little\n" +"4 lamb" +msgstr "" +">>> a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb']\n" +">>> for i in range(len(a)):\n" +"... print(i, a[i])\n" +"...\n" +"0 Mary\n" +"1 had\n" +"2 a\n" +"3 little\n" +"4 lamb" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:135 +msgid "" +"In most such cases, however, it is convenient to use the :func:`enumerate` " +"function, see :ref:`tut-loopidioms`." +msgstr "不过大多数情况下 :func:`enumerate` 函数很方便，详见 :ref:`tut-loopidioms`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:138 +msgid "A strange thing happens if you just print a range::" +msgstr "如果直接打印一个 range 会发生意想不到的事情：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:140 +msgid "" +">>> range(10)\n" +"range(0, 10)" +msgstr "" +">>> range(10)\n" +"range(0, 10)" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:143 +msgid "" +"In many ways the object returned by :func:`range` behaves as if it is a " +"list, but in fact it isn't. It is an object which returns the successive " +"items of the desired sequence when you iterate over it, but it doesn't " +"really make the list, thus saving space." +msgstr "" +":func:`range` " +"返回的对象在很多方面和列表的行为一样，但其实它和列表不一样。该对象只有在被迭代时才一个一个地返回所期望的列表项，并没有真正生成过一个含有全部项的列表，从而节省了空间。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:148 +msgid "" +"We say such an object is :term:`iterable`, that is, suitable as a target for" +" functions and constructs that expect something from which they can obtain " +"successive items until the supply is exhausted. We have seen that the " +":keyword:`for` statement is such a construct, while an example of a function" +" that takes an iterable is :func:`sum`::" +msgstr "" +"这种对象称为可迭代对象 :term:`iterable`，适合作为需要获取一系列值的函数或程序构件的参数。:keyword:`for` " +"语句就是这样的程序构件；以可迭代对象作为参数的函数例如 :func:`sum`：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:154 +msgid "" +">>> sum(range(4)) # 0 + 1 + 2 + 3\n" +"6" +msgstr "" +">>> sum(range(4)) # 0 + 1 + 2 + 3\n" +"6" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Later we will see more functions that return iterables and take iterables as" +" arguments. In chapter :ref:`tut-structures`, we will discuss in more " +"detail about :func:`list`." +msgstr "" +"之后我们会看到更多返回可迭代对象，或以可迭代对象作为参数的函数。在 :ref:`tut-structures` 这一章中，我们将讨论 " +":func:`list` 的更多细节。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:164 +msgid ":keyword:`!break` and :keyword:`!continue` Statements" +msgstr ":keyword:`!break` 和 :keyword:`!continue` 语句" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:166 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`break` statement breaks out of the innermost enclosing " +":keyword:`for` or :keyword:`while` loop::" +msgstr ":keyword:`break` 语句将跳出最近的一层 :keyword:`for` 或 :keyword:`while` 循环::" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:169 +msgid "" +">>> for n in range(2, 10):\n" +"... for x in range(2, n):\n" +"... if n % x == 0:\n" +"... print(f\"{n} equals {x} * {n//x}\")\n" +"... break\n" +"...\n" +"4 equals 2 * 2\n" +"6 equals 2 * 3\n" +"8 equals 2 * 4\n" +"9 equals 3 * 3" +msgstr "" +">>> for n in range(2, 10):\n" +"... for x in range(2, n):\n" +"... if n % x == 0:\n" +"... print(f\"{n} equals {x} * {n//x}\")\n" +"... break\n" +"...\n" +"4 equals 2 * 2\n" +"6 equals 2 * 3\n" +"8 equals 2 * 4\n" +"9 equals 3 * 3" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:180 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`continue` statement continues with the next iteration of the " +"loop::" +msgstr ":keyword:`continue` 语句将继续执行循环的下一次迭代::" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:183 +msgid "" +">>> for num in range(2, 10):\n" +"... if num % 2 == 0:\n" +"... print(f\"Found an even number {num}\")\n" +"... continue\n" +"... print(f\"Found an odd number {num}\")\n" +"...\n" +"Found an even number 2\n" +"Found an odd number 3\n" +"Found an even number 4\n" +"Found an odd number 5\n" +"Found an even number 6\n" +"Found an odd number 7\n" +"Found an even number 8\n" +"Found an odd number 9" +msgstr "" +">>> for num in range(2, 10):\n" +"... if num % 2 == 0:\n" +"... print(f\"Found an even number {num}\")\n" +"... continue\n" +"... print(f\"Found an odd number {num}\")\n" +"...\n" +"Found an even number 2\n" +"Found an odd number 3\n" +"Found an even number 4\n" +"Found an odd number 5\n" +"Found an even number 6\n" +"Found an odd number 7\n" +"Found an even number 8\n" +"Found an odd number 9" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:202 +msgid ":keyword:`!else` Clauses on Loops" +msgstr "循环的 :keyword:`!else` 子句" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:204 +msgid "" +"In a :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!while` loop the :keyword:`!break` " +"statement may be paired with an :keyword:`!else` clause. If the loop " +"finishes without executing the :keyword:`!break`, the :keyword:`!else` " +"clause executes." +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`!for` 或 :keyword:`!while` 循环中 :keyword:`!break` 语句可能对应一个 " +":keyword:`!else` 子句。 如果循环在未执行 :keyword:`!break` 的情况下结束，:keyword:`!else` " +"子句将会执行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:208 +msgid "" +"In a :keyword:`for` loop, the :keyword:`!else` clause is executed after the " +"loop finishes its final iteration, that is, if no break occurred." +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`for` 循环中，:keyword:`!else` 子句会在循环结束其他最后一次迭代之后，即未执行 break 的情况下被执行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:211 +msgid "" +"In a :keyword:`while` loop, it's executed after the loop's condition becomes" +" false." +msgstr "在 :keyword:`while` 循环中，它会在循环条件变为假值后执行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:213 +msgid "" +"In either kind of loop, the :keyword:`!else` clause is **not** executed if " +"the loop was terminated by a :keyword:`break`. Of course, other ways of " +"ending the loop early, such as a :keyword:`return` or a raised exception, " +"will also skip execution of the :keyword:`else` clause." +msgstr "" +"在这两类循环中，当在循环被 :keyword:`break` 终结时 :keyword:`!else` 子句 **不会** 被执行。 " +"当然，其他提前结束循环的方式，如 :keyword:`return` 或是引发异常，也会跳过 :keyword:`else` 子句的执行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:218 +msgid "" +"This is exemplified in the following :keyword:`!for` loop, which searches " +"for prime numbers::" +msgstr "下面的搜索质数的 :keyword:`!for` 循环就是一个例子：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:221 +msgid "" +">>> for n in range(2, 10):\n" +"... for x in range(2, n):\n" +"... if n % x == 0:\n" +"... print(n, 'equals', x, '*', n//x)\n" +"... break\n" +"... else:\n" +"... # loop fell through without finding a factor\n" +"... print(n, 'is a prime number')\n" +"...\n" +"2 is a prime number\n" +"3 is a prime number\n" +"4 equals 2 * 2\n" +"5 is a prime number\n" +"6 equals 2 * 3\n" +"7 is a prime number\n" +"8 equals 2 * 4\n" +"9 equals 3 * 3" +msgstr "" +">>> for n in range(2, 10):\n" +"... for x in range(2, n):\n" +"... if n % x == 0:\n" +"... print(n, 'equals', x, '*', n//x)\n" +"... break\n" +"... else:\n" +"... # 循环到底未找到一个因数\n" +"... print(n, 'is a prime number')\n" +"...\n" +"2 is a prime number\n" +"3 is a prime number\n" +"4 equals 2 * 2\n" +"5 is a prime number\n" +"6 equals 2 * 3\n" +"7 is a prime number\n" +"8 equals 2 * 4\n" +"9 equals 3 * 3" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:239 +msgid "" +"(Yes, this is the correct code. Look closely: the ``else`` clause belongs " +"to the ``for`` loop, **not** the ``if`` statement.)" +msgstr "（对，这是正确的代码。 仔细看：其中 ``else`` 子句属于 ``for`` 循环，而 **不属于** ``if`` 语句。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:242 +msgid "" +"One way to think of the else clause is to imagine it paired with the ``if`` " +"inside the loop. As the loop executes, it will run a sequence like " +"if/if/if/else. The ``if`` is inside the loop, encountered a number of times." +" If the condition is ever true, a ``break`` will happen. If the condition is" +" never true, the ``else`` clause outside the loop will execute." +msgstr "" +"分析 else 子句的一种方式是想象它对应于循环内的 ``if``。 当循环执行时，它将运行一系列的 if/if/if/else。 ``if`` " +"位于循环内部，会出现多次。 当出现条件为真的情况时，将发生 ``break``。 如果条件一直不为真，则循环外的 ``else`` 子句将被执行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:248 +msgid "" +"When used with a loop, the ``else`` clause has more in common with the " +"``else`` clause of a :keyword:`try` statement than it does with that of " +"``if`` statements: a ``try`` statement's ``else`` clause runs when no " +"exception occurs, and a loop's ``else`` clause runs when no ``break`` " +"occurs. For more on the ``try`` statement and exceptions, see :ref:`tut-" +"handling`." +msgstr "" +"当配合循环使用时，``else`` 子句更像是 :keyword:`try` 语句的 ``else`` 子句而不像 ``if`` 语句的相应子句：一个 " +"``try`` 语句的 ``else`` 子句会在未发生异常时运行，而一个循环的 ``else`` 子句会在未发生 ``break`` 时运行。 有关 " +"``try`` 语句和异常的详情，请参阅 :ref:`tut-handling`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:257 +msgid ":keyword:`!pass` Statements" +msgstr ":keyword:`!pass` 语句" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`pass` statement does nothing. It can be used when a statement " +"is required syntactically but the program requires no action. For example::" +msgstr ":keyword:`pass` 语句不执行任何动作。语法上需要一个语句，但程序毋需执行任何动作时，可以使用该语句。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:262 +msgid "" +">>> while True:\n" +"... pass # Busy-wait for keyboard interrupt (Ctrl+C)\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> while True:\n" +"... pass # 无限等待键盘中断 (Ctrl+C)\n" +"..." + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:266 +msgid "This is commonly used for creating minimal classes::" +msgstr "这常用于创建一个最小的类：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:268 +msgid "" +">>> class MyEmptyClass:\n" +"... pass\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> class MyEmptyClass:\n" +"... pass\n" +"..." + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Another place :keyword:`pass` can be used is as a place-holder for a " +"function or conditional body when you are working on new code, allowing you " +"to keep thinking at a more abstract level. The :keyword:`!pass` is silently" +" ignored::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`pass` 还可用作函数或条件语句体的占位符，让你保持在更抽象的层次进行思考。:keyword:`!pass` 会被默默地忽略：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:276 +msgid "" +">>> def initlog(*args):\n" +"... pass # Remember to implement this!\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> def initlog(*args):\n" +"... pass # 记得实现这个！\n" +"..." + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:284 +msgid ":keyword:`!match` Statements" +msgstr ":keyword:`!match` 语句" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:286 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`match` statement takes an expression and compares its value to " +"successive patterns given as one or more case blocks. This is superficially" +" similar to a switch statement in C, Java or JavaScript (and many other " +"languages), but it's more similar to pattern matching in languages like Rust" +" or Haskell. Only the first pattern that matches gets executed and it can " +"also extract components (sequence elements or object attributes) from the " +"value into variables." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`match` 语句接受一个表达式并把它的值与一个或多个 case 块给出的一系列模式进行比较。这表面上像 C、Java 或 " +"JavaScript（以及许多其他程序设计语言）中的 switch 语句，但其实它更像 Rust 或 Haskell " +"中的模式匹配。只有第一个匹配的模式会被执行，并且它还可以提取值的组成部分（序列的元素或对象的属性）赋给变量。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:294 +msgid "" +"The simplest form compares a subject value against one or more literals::" +msgstr "最简单的形式是将一个主语值与一个或多个字面值进行比较：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:296 +msgid "" +"def http_error(status):\n" +" match status:\n" +" case 400:\n" +" return \"Bad request\"\n" +" case 404:\n" +" return \"Not found\"\n" +" case 418:\n" +" return \"I'm a teapot\"\n" +" case _:\n" +" return \"Something's wrong with the internet\"" +msgstr "" +"def http_error(status):\n" +" match status:\n" +" case 400:\n" +" return \"Bad request\"\n" +" case 404:\n" +" return \"Not found\"\n" +" case 418:\n" +" return \"I'm a teapot\"\n" +" case _:\n" +" return \"Something's wrong with the internet\"" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Note the last block: the \"variable name\" ``_`` acts as a *wildcard* and " +"never fails to match. If no case matches, none of the branches is executed." +msgstr "注意最后一个代码块：“变量名” ``_`` 被作为 *通配符* 并必定会匹配成功。如果没有 case 匹配成功，则不会执行任何分支。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:310 +msgid "" +"You can combine several literals in a single pattern using ``|`` (\"or\")::" +msgstr "你可以用 ``|`` （“或”）将多个字面值组合到一个模式中：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:312 +msgid "" +"case 401 | 403 | 404:\n" +" return \"Not allowed\"" +msgstr "" +"case 401 | 403 | 404:\n" +" return \"Not allowed\"" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Patterns can look like unpacking assignments, and can be used to bind " +"variables::" +msgstr "形如解包赋值的模式可被用于绑定变量：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:318 +msgid "" +"# point is an (x, y) tuple\n" +"match point:\n" +" case (0, 0):\n" +" print(\"Origin\")\n" +" case (0, y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y}\")\n" +" case (x, 0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}\")\n" +" case (x, y):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}, Y={y}\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"Not a point\")" +msgstr "" +"# point 是一个 (x, y) 元组\n" +"match point:\n" +" case (0, 0):\n" +" print(\"Origin\")\n" +" case (0, y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y}\")\n" +" case (x, 0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}\")\n" +" case (x, y):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}, Y={y}\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"Not a point\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Study that one carefully! The first pattern has two literals, and can be " +"thought of as an extension of the literal pattern shown above. But the next" +" two patterns combine a literal and a variable, and the variable *binds* a " +"value from the subject (``point``). The fourth pattern captures two values," +" which makes it conceptually similar to the unpacking assignment ``(x, y) = " +"point``." +msgstr "" +"请仔细学习此代码！第一个模式有两个字面值，可视为前述字面值模式的扩展。接下来的两个模式结合了一个字面值和一个变量，变量 *绑定* " +"了来自主语（``point``）的一个值。第四个模式捕获了两个值，使其在概念上与解包赋值 ``(x, y) = point`` 类似。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:338 +msgid "" +"If you are using classes to structure your data you can use the class name " +"followed by an argument list resembling a constructor, but with the ability " +"to capture attributes into variables::" +msgstr "如果用类组织数据，可以用“类名后接一个参数列表”这种很像构造器的形式，把属性捕获到变量里：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:342 +msgid "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" self.y = y\n" +"\n" +"def where_is(point):\n" +" match point:\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=0):\n" +" print(\"Origin\")\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y}\")\n" +" case Point(x=x, y=0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}\")\n" +" case Point():\n" +" print(\"Somewhere else\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Not a point\")" +msgstr "" +"class Point:\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" self.y = y\n" +"\n" +"def where_is(point):\n" +" match point:\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=0):\n" +" print(\"Origin\")\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y}\")\n" +" case Point(x=x, y=0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}\")\n" +" case Point():\n" +" print(\"Somewhere else\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Not a point\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:360 +msgid "" +"You can use positional parameters with some builtin classes that provide an " +"ordering for their attributes (e.g. dataclasses). You can also define a " +"specific position for attributes in patterns by setting the " +"``__match_args__`` special attribute in your classes. If it's set to (\"x\"," +" \"y\"), the following patterns are all equivalent (and all bind the ``y`` " +"attribute to the ``var`` variable)::" +msgstr "" +"一些内置类（如 dataclass）为属性提供了一个顺序，此时，可以使用位置参数。自定义类可通过在类中设置特殊属性 " +"``__match_args__``，为属性指定其在模式中对应的位置。若设为 (\"x\", \"y\")，则以下模式相互等价（且都把属性 ``y`` " +"绑定到变量 ``var``）：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Point(1, var)\n" +"Point(1, y=var)\n" +"Point(x=1, y=var)\n" +"Point(y=var, x=1)" +msgstr "" +"Point(1, var)\n" +"Point(1, y=var)\n" +"Point(x=1, y=var)\n" +"Point(y=var, x=1)" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:371 +msgid "" +"A recommended way to read patterns is to look at them as an extended form of" +" what you would put on the left of an assignment, to understand which " +"variables would be set to what. Only the standalone names (like ``var`` " +"above) are assigned to by a match statement. Dotted names (like " +"``foo.bar``), attribute names (the ``x=`` and ``y=`` above) or class names " +"(recognized by the \"(...)\" next to them like ``Point`` above) are never " +"assigned to." +msgstr "" +"建议这样来阅读一个模式——通过将其视为赋值语句等号左边的一种扩展形式，来理解各个变量被设为何值。match 语句只会为单一的名称（如上面的 " +"``var``）赋值，而不会赋值给带点号的名称（如 ``foo.bar``）、属性名（如上面的 ``x=`` 和 ``y=``）和类名（是通过其后的 " +"\"(...)\" 来识别的，如上面的 ``Point``）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Patterns can be arbitrarily nested. For example, if we have a short list of" +" Points, with ``__match_args__`` added, we could match it like this::" +msgstr "" +"模式可以任意嵌套。举例来说，如果我们有一个由 Point 组成的列表，且 Point 添加了 ``__match_args__`` " +"时，我们可以这样来匹配它：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:381 +msgid "" +"class Point:\n" +" __match_args__ = ('x', 'y')\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" self.y = y\n" +"\n" +"match points:\n" +" case []:\n" +" print(\"No points\")\n" +" case [Point(0, 0)]:\n" +" print(\"The origin\")\n" +" case [Point(x, y)]:\n" +" print(f\"Single point {x}, {y}\")\n" +" case [Point(0, y1), Point(0, y2)]:\n" +" print(f\"Two on the Y axis at {y1}, {y2}\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Something else\")" +msgstr "" +"class Point:\n" +" __match_args__ = ('x', 'y')\n" +" def __init__(self, x, y):\n" +" self.x = x\n" +" self.y = y\n" +"\n" +"match points:\n" +" case []:\n" +" print(\"No points\")\n" +" case [Point(0, 0)]:\n" +" print(\"The origin\")\n" +" case [Point(x, y)]:\n" +" print(f\"Single point {x}, {y}\")\n" +" case [Point(0, y1), Point(0, y2)]:\n" +" print(f\"Two on the Y axis at {y1}, {y2}\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Something else\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:399 +msgid "" +"We can add an ``if`` clause to a pattern, known as a \"guard\". If the " +"guard is false, ``match`` goes on to try the next case block. Note that " +"value capture happens before the guard is evaluated::" +msgstr "" +"我们可以为模式添加 ``if`` 作为守卫子句。如果守卫子句的值为假，那么 ``match`` 会继续尝试匹配下一个 case " +"块。注意是先将值捕获，再对守卫子句求值：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:403 +msgid "" +"match point:\n" +" case Point(x, y) if x == y:\n" +" print(f\"Y=X at {x}\")\n" +" case Point(x, y):\n" +" print(f\"Not on the diagonal\")" +msgstr "" +"match point:\n" +" case Point(x, y) if x == y:\n" +" print(f\"Y=X at {x}\")\n" +" case Point(x, y):\n" +" print(f\"Not on the diagonal\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:409 +msgid "Several other key features of this statement:" +msgstr "该语句的一些其它关键特性：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Like unpacking assignments, tuple and list patterns have exactly the same " +"meaning and actually match arbitrary sequences. An important exception is " +"that they don't match iterators or strings." +msgstr "与解包赋值类似，元组和列表模式具有完全相同的含义并且实际上都能匹配任意序列，区别是它们不能匹配迭代器或字符串。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:415 +msgid "" +"Sequence patterns support extended unpacking: ``[x, y, *rest]`` and ``(x, y," +" *rest)`` work similar to unpacking assignments. The name after ``*`` may " +"also be ``_``, so ``(x, y, *_)`` matches a sequence of at least two items " +"without binding the remaining items." +msgstr "" +"序列模式支持扩展解包：``[x, y, *rest]`` 和 ``(x, y, *rest)`` 和相应的解包赋值做的事是一样的。接在 ``*`` " +"后的名称也可以为 ``_``，所以 ``(x, y, *_)`` 匹配含至少两项的序列，而不必绑定剩余的项。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:420 +msgid "" +"Mapping patterns: ``{\"bandwidth\": b, \"latency\": l}`` captures the " +"``\"bandwidth\"`` and ``\"latency\"`` values from a dictionary. Unlike " +"sequence patterns, extra keys are ignored. An unpacking like ``**rest`` is " +"also supported. (But ``**_`` would be redundant, so it is not allowed.)" +msgstr "" +"映射模式：``{\"bandwidth\": b, \"latency\": l}`` 从字典中捕获 ``\"bandwidth\"`` 和 " +"``\"latency\"`` 的值。额外的键会被忽略，这一点与序列模式不同。``**rest`` 这样的解包也支持。（但 ``**_`` " +"将会是冗余的，故不允许使用。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:425 +msgid "Subpatterns may be captured using the ``as`` keyword::" +msgstr "使用 ``as`` 关键字可以捕获子模式：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:427 +msgid "case (Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2) as p2): ..." +msgstr "case (Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2) as p2): ..." + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:429 +msgid "" +"will capture the second element of the input as ``p2`` (as long as the input" +" is a sequence of two points)" +msgstr "将把输入中的第二个元素捕获为 ``p2`` （只要输入是包含两个点的序列）" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Most literals are compared by equality, however the singletons ``True``, " +"``False`` and ``None`` are compared by identity." +msgstr "大多数字面值是按相等性比较的，但是单例对象 ``True``、``False`` 和 ``None`` 则是按 id 比较的。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:435 +msgid "" +"Patterns may use named constants. These must be dotted names to prevent " +"them from being interpreted as capture variable::" +msgstr "模式可以使用具名常量。它们必须作为带点号的名称出现，以防止它们被解释为用于捕获的变量：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:438 +msgid "" +"from enum import Enum\n" +"class Color(Enum):\n" +" RED = 'red'\n" +" GREEN = 'green'\n" +" BLUE = 'blue'\n" +"\n" +"color = Color(input(\"Enter your choice of 'red', 'blue' or 'green': \"))\n" +"\n" +"match color:\n" +" case Color.RED:\n" +" print(\"I see red!\")\n" +" case Color.GREEN:\n" +" print(\"Grass is green\")\n" +" case Color.BLUE:\n" +" print(\"I'm feeling the blues :(\")" +msgstr "" +"from enum import Enum\n" +"class Color(Enum):\n" +" RED = 'red'\n" +" GREEN = 'green'\n" +" BLUE = 'blue'\n" +"\n" +"color = Color(input(\"Enter your choice of 'red', 'blue' or 'green': \"))\n" +"\n" +"match color:\n" +" case Color.RED:\n" +" print(\"I see red!\")\n" +" case Color.GREEN:\n" +" print(\"Grass is green\")\n" +" case Color.BLUE:\n" +" print(\"I'm feeling the blues :(\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:454 +msgid "" +"For a more detailed explanation and additional examples, you can look into " +":pep:`636` which is written in a tutorial format." +msgstr "更详细的说明和更多示例，可参阅以教程格式撰写的 :pep:`636`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:460 +msgid "Defining Functions" +msgstr "定义函数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:462 +msgid "" +"We can create a function that writes the Fibonacci series to an arbitrary " +"boundary::" +msgstr "下列代码创建一个可以输出限定数值内的斐波那契数列函数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:465 +msgid "" +">>> def fib(n): # write Fibonacci series less than n\n" +"... \"\"\"Print a Fibonacci series less than n.\"\"\"\n" +"... a, b = 0, 1\n" +"... while a < n:\n" +"... print(a, end=' ')\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"... print()\n" +"...\n" +">>> # Now call the function we just defined:\n" +">>> fib(2000)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597" +msgstr "" +">>> def fib(n): # 打印小于 n 的斐波那契数列\n" +"... \"\"\"Print a Fibonacci series less than n.\"\"\"\n" +"... a, b = 0, 1\n" +"... while a < n:\n" +"... print(a, end=' ')\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"... print()\n" +"...\n" +">>> # 现在调用我们刚定义的函数：\n" +">>> fib(2000)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:482 +msgid "" +"The keyword :keyword:`def` introduces a function *definition*. It must be " +"followed by the function name and the parenthesized list of formal " +"parameters. The statements that form the body of the function start at the " +"next line, and must be indented." +msgstr "*定义* 函数使用关键字 :keyword:`def`，后跟函数名与括号内的形参列表。函数语句从下一行开始，并且必须缩进。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:487 +msgid "" +"The first statement of the function body can optionally be a string literal;" +" this string literal is the function's documentation string, or " +":dfn:`docstring`. (More about docstrings can be found in the section " +":ref:`tut-docstrings`.) There are tools which use docstrings to " +"automatically produce online or printed documentation, or to let the user " +"interactively browse through code; it's good practice to include docstrings " +"in code that you write, so make a habit of it." +msgstr "" +"函数内的第一条语句是字符串时，该字符串就是文档字符串，也称为 :dfn:`docstring`，详见 :ref:`tut-" +"docstrings`。利用文档字符串可以自动生成在线文档或打印版文档，还可以让开发者在浏览代码时直接查阅文档；Python " +"开发者最好养成在代码中加入文档字符串的好习惯。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:494 +msgid "" +"The *execution* of a function introduces a new symbol table used for the " +"local variables of the function. More precisely, all variable assignments " +"in a function store the value in the local symbol table; whereas variable " +"references first look in the local symbol table, then in the local symbol " +"tables of enclosing functions, then in the global symbol table, and finally " +"in the table of built-in names. Thus, global variables and variables of " +"enclosing functions cannot be directly assigned a value within a function " +"(unless, for global variables, named in a :keyword:`global` statement, or, " +"for variables of enclosing functions, named in a :keyword:`nonlocal` " +"statement), although they may be referenced." +msgstr "" +"函数在 *执行* " +"时使用函数局部变量符号表，所有函数变量赋值都存在局部符号表中；引用变量时，首先，在局部符号表里查找变量，然后，是外层函数局部符号表，再是全局符号表，最后是内置名称符号表。因此，尽管可以引用全局变量和外层函数的变量，但最好不要在函数内直接赋值（除非是" +" :keyword:`global` 语句定义的全局变量，或 :keyword:`nonlocal` 语句定义的外层函数变量）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:505 +msgid "" +"The actual parameters (arguments) to a function call are introduced in the " +"local symbol table of the called function when it is called; thus, arguments" +" are passed using *call by value* (where the *value* is always an object " +"*reference*, not the value of the object). [#]_ When a function calls " +"another function, or calls itself recursively, a new local symbol table is " +"created for that call." +msgstr "" +"在调用函数时会将实际参数（实参）引入到被调用函数的局部符号表中；因此，实参是使用 *按值调用* 来传递的（其中的 *值* 始终是对象的 *引用* " +"而不是对象的值）。 [#]_ 当一个函数调用另外一个函数时，会为该调用创建一个新的局部符号表。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:512 +msgid "" +"A function definition associates the function name with the function object " +"in the current symbol table. The interpreter recognizes the object pointed " +"to by that name as a user-defined function. Other names can also point to " +"that same function object and can also be used to access the function::" +msgstr "" +"函数定义在当前符号表中把函数名与函数对象关联在一起。解释器把函数名指向的对象作为用户自定义函数。还可以使用其他名称指向同一个函数对象，并访问访该函数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:517 +msgid "" +">>> fib\n" +"\n" +">>> f = fib\n" +">>> f(100)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89" +msgstr "" +">>> fib\n" +"\n" +">>> f = fib\n" +">>> f(100)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:523 +msgid "" +"Coming from other languages, you might object that ``fib`` is not a function" +" but a procedure since it doesn't return a value. In fact, even functions " +"without a :keyword:`return` statement do return a value, albeit a rather " +"boring one. This value is called ``None`` (it's a built-in name). Writing " +"the value ``None`` is normally suppressed by the interpreter if it would be " +"the only value written. You can see it if you really want to using " +":func:`print`::" +msgstr "" +"如果你用过其他语言，你可能会认为 ``fib`` 不是函数而是一个过程，因为它没有返回值。 事实上，即使没有 :keyword:`return` " +"语句的函数也有返回值，尽管这个值可能相当无聊。 这个值被称为 ``None`` (是一个内置名称)。 通常解释器会屏蔽单独的返回值 ``None``。 " +"如果你确有需要可以使用 :func:`print` 查看它::" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:530 +msgid "" +">>> fib(0)\n" +">>> print(fib(0))\n" +"None" +msgstr "" +">>> fib(0)\n" +">>> print(fib(0))\n" +"None" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:534 +msgid "" +"It is simple to write a function that returns a list of the numbers of the " +"Fibonacci series, instead of printing it::" +msgstr "编写不直接输出斐波那契数列运算结果，而是返回运算结果列表的函数也非常简单：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:537 +msgid "" +">>> def fib2(n): # return Fibonacci series up to n\n" +"... \"\"\"Return a list containing the Fibonacci series up to n.\"\"\"\n" +"... result = []\n" +"... a, b = 0, 1\n" +"... while a < n:\n" +"... result.append(a) # see below\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"... return result\n" +"...\n" +">>> f100 = fib2(100) # call it\n" +">>> f100 # write the result\n" +"[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]" +msgstr "" +">>> def fib2(n): # 返回斐波那契数组直到 n\n" +"... \"\"\"Return a list containing the Fibonacci series up to n.\"\"\"\n" +"... result = []\n" +"... a, b = 0, 1\n" +"... while a < n:\n" +"... result.append(a) # 见下\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"... return result\n" +"...\n" +">>> f100 = fib2(100) # 调用它\n" +">>> f100 # 输出结果\n" +"[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:550 +msgid "This example, as usual, demonstrates some new Python features:" +msgstr "本例也新引入了一些 Python 功能：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:552 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`return` statement returns with a value from a function. " +":keyword:`!return` without an expression argument returns ``None``. Falling " +"off the end of a function also returns ``None``." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`return` 语句返回函数的值。:keyword:`!return` 语句不带表达式参数时，返回 " +"``None``。函数执行完毕退出也返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:556 +msgid "" +"The statement ``result.append(a)`` calls a *method* of the list object " +"``result``. A method is a function that 'belongs' to an object and is named" +" ``obj.methodname``, where ``obj`` is some object (this may be an " +"expression), and ``methodname`` is the name of a method that is defined by " +"the object's type. Different types define different methods. Methods of " +"different types may have the same name without causing ambiguity. (It is " +"possible to define your own object types and methods, using *classes*, see " +":ref:`tut-classes`) The method :meth:`!append` shown in the example is " +"defined for list objects; it adds a new element at the end of the list. In " +"this example it is equivalent to ``result = result + [a]``, but more " +"efficient." +msgstr "" +"语句 ``result.append(a)`` 调用了列表对象 ``result`` 的 *方法*。 方法是‘从属于’对象的函数，其名称为 " +"``obj.methodname``，其中 ``obj`` 是某个对象（可以是一个表达式），``methodname`` 是由对象的类型定义的方法名称。" +" 不同的类型定义了不同的方法。 不同的类型的方法可以使用相同的名称而不会产生歧义。 （使用 *类* 可以定义自己的对象类型和方法，参见 " +":ref:`tut-classes`。） 在示例中显示的方法 :meth:`!append` 是由列表对象定义的；它会在列表的末尾添加一个新元素。 " +"在本例中它等同于 ``result = result + [a]``，但效率更高。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:571 +msgid "More on Defining Functions" +msgstr "函数定义详解" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:573 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to define functions with a variable number of arguments." +" There are three forms, which can be combined." +msgstr "函数定义支持可变数量的参数。这里列出三种可以组合使用的形式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:580 +msgid "Default Argument Values" +msgstr "默认值参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:582 +msgid "" +"The most useful form is to specify a default value for one or more " +"arguments. This creates a function that can be called with fewer arguments " +"than it is defined to allow. For example::" +msgstr "为参数指定默认值是非常有用的方式。调用函数时，可以使用比定义时更少的参数，例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:586 +msgid "" +"def ask_ok(prompt, retries=4, reminder='Please try again!'):\n" +" while True:\n" +" reply = input(prompt)\n" +" if reply in {'y', 'ye', 'yes'}:\n" +" return True\n" +" if reply in {'n', 'no', 'nop', 'nope'}:\n" +" return False\n" +" retries = retries - 1\n" +" if retries < 0:\n" +" raise ValueError('invalid user response')\n" +" print(reminder)" +msgstr "" +"def ask_ok(prompt, retries=4, reminder='Please try again!'):\n" +" while True:\n" +" reply = input(prompt)\n" +" if reply in {'y', 'ye', 'yes'}:\n" +" return True\n" +" if reply in {'n', 'no', 'nop', 'nope'}:\n" +" return False\n" +" retries = retries - 1\n" +" if retries < 0:\n" +" raise ValueError('invalid user response')\n" +" print(reminder)" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:598 +msgid "This function can be called in several ways:" +msgstr "该函数可以用以下方式调用：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:600 +msgid "" +"giving only the mandatory argument: ``ask_ok('Do you really want to " +"quit?')``" +msgstr "只给出必选实参：``ask_ok('Do you really want to quit?')``" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:602 +msgid "" +"giving one of the optional arguments: ``ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', " +"2)``" +msgstr "给出一个可选实参：``ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', 2)``" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:604 +msgid "" +"or even giving all arguments: ``ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', 2, 'Come" +" on, only yes or no!')``" +msgstr "" +"给出所有实参：``ask_ok('OK to overwrite the file?', 2, 'Come on, only yes or " +"no!')``" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:607 +msgid "" +"This example also introduces the :keyword:`in` keyword. This tests whether " +"or not a sequence contains a certain value." +msgstr "本例还使用了关键字 :keyword:`in` ，用于确认序列中是否包含某个值。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:610 +msgid "" +"The default values are evaluated at the point of function definition in the " +"*defining* scope, so that ::" +msgstr "默认值在 *定义* 作用域里的函数定义中求值，所以：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:613 +msgid "" +"i = 5\n" +"\n" +"def f(arg=i):\n" +" print(arg)\n" +"\n" +"i = 6\n" +"f()" +msgstr "" +"i = 5\n" +"\n" +"def f(arg=i):\n" +" print(arg)\n" +"\n" +"i = 6\n" +"f()" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:621 +msgid "will print ``5``." +msgstr "上例输出的是 ``5``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:623 +msgid "" +"**Important warning:** The default value is evaluated only once. This makes" +" a difference when the default is a mutable object such as a list, " +"dictionary, or instances of most classes. For example, the following " +"function accumulates the arguments passed to it on subsequent calls::" +msgstr "" +"**重要警告：** 默认值只计算一次。默认值为列表、字典或类实例等可变对象时，会产生与该规则不同的结果。例如，下面的函数会累积后续调用时传递的参数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:628 +msgid "" +"def f(a, L=[]):\n" +" L.append(a)\n" +" return L\n" +"\n" +"print(f(1))\n" +"print(f(2))\n" +"print(f(3))" +msgstr "" +"def f(a, L=[]):\n" +" L.append(a)\n" +" return L\n" +"\n" +"print(f(1))\n" +"print(f(2))\n" +"print(f(3))" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:636 +msgid "This will print ::" +msgstr "输出结果如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:638 +msgid "" +"[1]\n" +"[1, 2]\n" +"[1, 2, 3]" +msgstr "" +"[1]\n" +"[1, 2]\n" +"[1, 2, 3]" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:642 +msgid "" +"If you don't want the default to be shared between subsequent calls, you can" +" write the function like this instead::" +msgstr "不想在后续调用之间共享默认值时，应以如下方式编写函数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:645 +msgid "" +"def f(a, L=None):\n" +" if L is None:\n" +" L = []\n" +" L.append(a)\n" +" return L" +msgstr "" +"def f(a, L=None):\n" +" if L is None:\n" +" L = []\n" +" L.append(a)\n" +" return L" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:655 +msgid "Keyword Arguments" +msgstr "关键字参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:657 +msgid "" +"Functions can also be called using :term:`keyword arguments ` of the form ``kwarg=value``. For instance, the following " +"function::" +msgstr "" +"``kwarg=value`` 形式的 :term:`关键字参数 ` 也可以用于调用函数。函数示例如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:660 +msgid "" +"def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action='voom', type='Norwegian Blue'):\n" +" print(\"-- This parrot wouldn't\", action, end=' ')\n" +" print(\"if you put\", voltage, \"volts through it.\")\n" +" print(\"-- Lovely plumage, the\", type)\n" +" print(\"-- It's\", state, \"!\")" +msgstr "" +"def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action='voom', type='Norwegian Blue'):\n" +" print(\"-- This parrot wouldn't\", action, end=' ')\n" +" print(\"if you put\", voltage, \"volts through it.\")\n" +" print(\"-- Lovely plumage, the\", type)\n" +" print(\"-- It's\", state, \"!\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:666 +msgid "" +"accepts one required argument (``voltage``) and three optional arguments " +"(``state``, ``action``, and ``type``). This function can be called in any " +"of the following ways::" +msgstr "" +"该函数接受一个必选参数（``voltage``）和三个可选参数（``state``, ``action`` 和 " +"``type``）。该函数可用下列方式调用：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:670 +msgid "" +"parrot(1000) # 1 positional argument\n" +"parrot(voltage=1000) # 1 keyword argument\n" +"parrot(voltage=1000000, action='VOOOOOM') # 2 keyword arguments\n" +"parrot(action='VOOOOOM', voltage=1000000) # 2 keyword arguments\n" +"parrot('a million', 'bereft of life', 'jump') # 3 positional arguments\n" +"parrot('a thousand', state='pushing up the daisies') # 1 positional, 1 keyword" +msgstr "" +"parrot(1000) # 1 个位置参数\n" +"parrot(voltage=1000) # 1 个关键字参数\n" +"parrot(voltage=1000000, action='VOOOOOM') # 2 个关键字参数\n" +"parrot(action='VOOOOOM', voltage=1000000) # 2 个关键字参数\n" +"parrot('a million', 'bereft of life', 'jump') # 3 个位置参数\n" +"parrot('a thousand', state='pushing up the daisies') # 1 个位置参数，1 个关键字参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:677 +msgid "but all the following calls would be invalid::" +msgstr "以下调用函数的方式都无效：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:679 +msgid "" +"parrot() # required argument missing\n" +"parrot(voltage=5.0, 'dead') # non-keyword argument after a keyword argument\n" +"parrot(110, voltage=220) # duplicate value for the same argument\n" +"parrot(actor='John Cleese') # unknown keyword argument" +msgstr "" +"parrot() # 缺失必需的参数\n" +"parrot(voltage=5.0, 'dead') # 关键字参数后存在非关键字参数\n" +"parrot(110, voltage=220) # 同一个参数重复的值\n" +"parrot(actor='John Cleese') # 未知的关键字参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:684 +msgid "" +"In a function call, keyword arguments must follow positional arguments. All " +"the keyword arguments passed must match one of the arguments accepted by the" +" function (e.g. ``actor`` is not a valid argument for the ``parrot`` " +"function), and their order is not important. This also includes non-" +"optional arguments (e.g. ``parrot(voltage=1000)`` is valid too). No argument" +" may receive a value more than once. Here's an example that fails due to " +"this restriction::" +msgstr "" +"函数调用时，关键字参数必须跟在位置参数后面。所有传递的关键字参数都必须匹配一个函数接受的参数（比如，``actor`` 不是函数 ``parrot`` " +"的有效参数），关键字参数的顺序并不重要。这也包括必选参数，（比如，``parrot(voltage=1000)`` " +"也有效）。不能对同一个参数多次赋值，下面就是一个因此限制而失败的例子：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:692 +msgid "" +">>> def function(a):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> function(0, a=0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: function() got multiple values for argument 'a'" +msgstr "" +">>> def function(a):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> function(0, a=0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: function() got multiple values for argument 'a'" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:700 +msgid "" +"When a final formal parameter of the form ``**name`` is present, it receives" +" a dictionary (see :ref:`typesmapping`) containing all keyword arguments " +"except for those corresponding to a formal parameter. This may be combined " +"with a formal parameter of the form ``*name`` (described in the next " +"subsection) which receives a :ref:`tuple ` containing the " +"positional arguments beyond the formal parameter list. (``*name`` must " +"occur before ``**name``.) For example, if we define a function like this::" +msgstr "" +"最后一个形参为 ``**name`` 形式时，接收一个字典（详见 " +":ref:`typesmapping`），该字典包含与函数中已定义形参对应之外的所有关键字参数。``**name`` 形参可以与 ``*name`` " +"形参（下一小节介绍）组合使用（``*name`` 必须在 ``**name`` 前面）， ``*name`` 形参接收一个 :ref:`元组 `，该元组包含形参列表之外的位置参数。例如，可以定义下面这样的函数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:708 +msgid "" +"def cheeseshop(kind, *arguments, **keywords):\n" +" print(\"-- Do you have any\", kind, \"?\")\n" +" print(\"-- I'm sorry, we're all out of\", kind)\n" +" for arg in arguments:\n" +" print(arg)\n" +" print(\"-\" * 40)\n" +" for kw in keywords:\n" +" print(kw, \":\", keywords[kw])" +msgstr "" +"def cheeseshop(kind, *arguments, **keywords):\n" +" print(\"-- Do you have any\", kind, \"?\")\n" +" print(\"-- I'm sorry, we're all out of\", kind)\n" +" for arg in arguments:\n" +" print(arg)\n" +" print(\"-\" * 40)\n" +" for kw in keywords:\n" +" print(kw, \":\", keywords[kw])" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:717 +msgid "It could be called like this::" +msgstr "该函数可以用如下方式调用：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:719 +msgid "" +"cheeseshop(\"Limburger\", \"It's very runny, sir.\",\n" +" \"It's really very, VERY runny, sir.\",\n" +" shopkeeper=\"Michael Palin\",\n" +" client=\"John Cleese\",\n" +" sketch=\"Cheese Shop Sketch\")" +msgstr "" +"cheeseshop(\"Limburger\", \"It's very runny, sir.\",\n" +" \"It's really very, VERY runny, sir.\",\n" +" shopkeeper=\"Michael Palin\",\n" +" client=\"John Cleese\",\n" +" sketch=\"Cheese Shop Sketch\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:725 +msgid "and of course it would print:" +msgstr "输出结果如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:727 +msgid "" +"-- Do you have any Limburger ?\n" +"-- I'm sorry, we're all out of Limburger\n" +"It's very runny, sir.\n" +"It's really very, VERY runny, sir.\n" +"----------------------------------------\n" +"shopkeeper : Michael Palin\n" +"client : John Cleese\n" +"sketch : Cheese Shop Sketch" +msgstr "" +"-- Do you have any Limburger ?\n" +"-- I'm sorry, we're all out of Limburger\n" +"It's very runny, sir.\n" +"It's really very, VERY runny, sir.\n" +"----------------------------------------\n" +"shopkeeper : Michael Palin\n" +"client : John Cleese\n" +"sketch : Cheese Shop Sketch" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:738 +msgid "" +"Note that the order in which the keyword arguments are printed is guaranteed" +" to match the order in which they were provided in the function call." +msgstr "注意，关键字参数在输出结果中的顺序与调用函数时的顺序一致。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:742 +msgid "Special parameters" +msgstr "特殊参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:744 +msgid "" +"By default, arguments may be passed to a Python function either by position " +"or explicitly by keyword. For readability and performance, it makes sense to" +" restrict the way arguments can be passed so that a developer need only look" +" at the function definition to determine if items are passed by position, by" +" position or keyword, or by keyword." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，参数可以按位置或显式关键字传递给 Python " +"函数。为了让代码易读、高效，最好限制参数的传递方式，这样，开发者只需查看函数定义，即可确定参数项是仅按位置、按位置或关键字，还是仅按关键字传递。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:750 +msgid "A function definition may look like:" +msgstr "函数定义如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:752 +msgid "" +"def f(pos1, pos2, /, pos_or_kwd, *, kwd1, kwd2):\n" +" ----------- ---------- ----------\n" +" | | |\n" +" | Positional or keyword |\n" +" | - Keyword only\n" +" -- Positional only" +msgstr "" +"def f(pos1, pos2, /, pos_or_kwd, *, kwd1, kwd2):\n" +" ----------- ---------- ----------\n" +" | | |\n" +" | 位置或关键字 |\n" +" | - 仅限关键字\n" +" -- 仅限位置" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:761 +msgid "" +"where ``/`` and ``*`` are optional. If used, these symbols indicate the kind" +" of parameter by how the arguments may be passed to the function: " +"positional-only, positional-or-keyword, and keyword-only. Keyword parameters" +" are also referred to as named parameters." +msgstr "``/`` 和 ``*`` 是可选的。这些符号表明形参如何把参数值传递给函数：位置、位置或关键字、关键字。关键字形参也叫作命名形参。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:768 +msgid "Positional-or-Keyword Arguments" +msgstr "位置或关键字参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:770 +msgid "" +"If ``/`` and ``*`` are not present in the function definition, arguments may" +" be passed to a function by position or by keyword." +msgstr "函数定义中未使用 ``/`` 和 ``*`` 时，参数可以按位置或关键字传递给函数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:775 +msgid "Positional-Only Parameters" +msgstr "仅位置参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:777 +msgid "" +"Looking at this in a bit more detail, it is possible to mark certain " +"parameters as *positional-only*. If *positional-only*, the parameters' order" +" matters, and the parameters cannot be passed by keyword. Positional-only " +"parameters are placed before a ``/`` (forward-slash). The ``/`` is used to " +"logically separate the positional-only parameters from the rest of the " +"parameters. If there is no ``/`` in the function definition, there are no " +"positional-only parameters." +msgstr "" +"此处再介绍一些细节，特定形参可以标记为 *仅限位置*。*仅限位置* 时，形参的顺序很重要，且这些形参不能用关键字传递。仅限位置形参应放在 ``/`` " +"（正斜杠）前。``/`` 用于在逻辑上分割仅限位置形参与其它形参。如果函数定义中没有 ``/``，则表示没有仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:785 +msgid "" +"Parameters following the ``/`` may be *positional-or-keyword* or *keyword-" +"only*." +msgstr "``/`` 后可以是 *位置或关键字* 或 *仅限关键字* 形参。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:789 +msgid "Keyword-Only Arguments" +msgstr "仅限关键字参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:791 +msgid "" +"To mark parameters as *keyword-only*, indicating the parameters must be " +"passed by keyword argument, place an ``*`` in the arguments list just before" +" the first *keyword-only* parameter." +msgstr "把形参标记为 *仅限关键字*，表明必须以关键字参数形式传递该形参，应在参数列表中第一个 *仅限关键字* 形参前添加 ``*``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:797 +msgid "Function Examples" +msgstr "函数示例" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:799 +msgid "" +"Consider the following example function definitions paying close attention " +"to the markers ``/`` and ``*``::" +msgstr "请看下面的函数定义示例，注意 ``/`` 和 ``*`` 标记：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:802 +msgid "" +">>> def standard_arg(arg):\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def pos_only_arg(arg, /):\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def kwd_only_arg(*, arg):\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def combined_example(pos_only, /, standard, *, kwd_only):\n" +"... print(pos_only, standard, kwd_only)" +msgstr "" +">>> def standard_arg(arg):\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def pos_only_arg(arg, /):\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def kwd_only_arg(*, arg):\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> def combined_example(pos_only, /, standard, *, kwd_only):\n" +"... print(pos_only, standard, kwd_only)" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:815 +msgid "" +"The first function definition, ``standard_arg``, the most familiar form, " +"places no restrictions on the calling convention and arguments may be passed" +" by position or keyword::" +msgstr "第一个函数定义 ``standard_arg`` 是最常见的形式，对调用方式没有任何限制，可以按位置也可以按关键字传递参数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:819 +msgid "" +">>> standard_arg(2)\n" +"2\n" +"\n" +">>> standard_arg(arg=2)\n" +"2" +msgstr "" +">>> standard_arg(2)\n" +"2\n" +"\n" +">>> standard_arg(arg=2)\n" +"2" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:825 +msgid "" +"The second function ``pos_only_arg`` is restricted to only use positional " +"parameters as there is a ``/`` in the function definition::" +msgstr "第二个函数 ``pos_only_arg`` 的函数定义中有 ``/``，仅限使用位置形参：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:828 +msgid "" +">>> pos_only_arg(1)\n" +"1\n" +"\n" +">>> pos_only_arg(arg=1)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: pos_only_arg() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'arg'" +msgstr "" +">>> pos_only_arg(1)\n" +"1\n" +"\n" +">>> pos_only_arg(arg=1)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: pos_only_arg() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'arg'" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:836 +msgid "" +"The third function ``kwd_only_arg`` only allows keyword arguments as " +"indicated by a ``*`` in the function definition::" +msgstr "第三个函数 ``kwd_only_arg`` 如在函数定义中通过 ``*`` 所指明的那样只允许关键字参数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:839 +msgid "" +">>> kwd_only_arg(3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: kwd_only_arg() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given\n" +"\n" +">>> kwd_only_arg(arg=3)\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> kwd_only_arg(3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: kwd_only_arg() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given\n" +"\n" +">>> kwd_only_arg(arg=3)\n" +"3" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:847 +msgid "" +"And the last uses all three calling conventions in the same function " +"definition::" +msgstr "最后一个函数在同一个函数定义中，使用了全部三种调用惯例：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:850 +msgid "" +">>> combined_example(1, 2, 3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: combined_example() takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given\n" +"\n" +">>> combined_example(1, 2, kwd_only=3)\n" +"1 2 3\n" +"\n" +">>> combined_example(1, standard=2, kwd_only=3)\n" +"1 2 3\n" +"\n" +">>> combined_example(pos_only=1, standard=2, kwd_only=3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: combined_example() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'pos_only'" +msgstr "" +">>> combined_example(1, 2, 3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: combined_example() takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given\n" +"\n" +">>> combined_example(1, 2, kwd_only=3)\n" +"1 2 3\n" +"\n" +">>> combined_example(1, standard=2, kwd_only=3)\n" +"1 2 3\n" +"\n" +">>> combined_example(pos_only=1, standard=2, kwd_only=3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: combined_example() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'pos_only'" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:867 +msgid "" +"Finally, consider this function definition which has a potential collision " +"between the positional argument ``name`` and ``**kwds`` which has ``name`` " +"as a key::" +msgstr "下面的函数定义中，``kwds`` 把 ``name`` 当作键，因此，可能与位置参数 ``name`` 产生潜在冲突：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:869 +msgid "" +"def foo(name, **kwds):\n" +" return 'name' in kwds" +msgstr "" +"def foo(name, **kwds):\n" +" return 'name' in kwds" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:872 +msgid "" +"There is no possible call that will make it return ``True`` as the keyword " +"``'name'`` will always bind to the first parameter. For example::" +msgstr "调用该函数不可能返回 ``True``，因为关键字 ``'name'`` 总与第一个形参绑定。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:875 +msgid "" +">>> foo(1, **{'name': 2})\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: foo() got multiple values for argument 'name'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> foo(1, **{'name': 2})\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: foo() got multiple values for argument 'name'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:881 +msgid "" +"But using ``/`` (positional only arguments), it is possible since it allows " +"``name`` as a positional argument and ``'name'`` as a key in the keyword " +"arguments::" +msgstr "" +"加上 ``/`` （仅限位置参数）后，就可以了。此时，函数定义把 ``name`` 当作位置参数，``'name'`` 也可以作为关键字参数的键：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:883 +msgid "" +">>> def foo(name, /, **kwds):\n" +"... return 'name' in kwds\n" +"...\n" +">>> foo(1, **{'name': 2})\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> def foo(name, /, **kwds):\n" +"... return 'name' in kwds\n" +"...\n" +">>> foo(1, **{'name': 2})\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:889 +msgid "" +"In other words, the names of positional-only parameters can be used in " +"``**kwds`` without ambiguity." +msgstr "换句话说，仅限位置形参的名称可以在 ``**kwds`` 中使用，而不产生歧义。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:894 +msgid "Recap" +msgstr "小结" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:896 +msgid "" +"The use case will determine which parameters to use in the function " +"definition::" +msgstr "以下用例决定哪些形参可以用于函数定义：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:898 +msgid "def f(pos1, pos2, /, pos_or_kwd, *, kwd1, kwd2):" +msgstr "def f(pos1, pos2, /, pos_or_kwd, *, kwd1, kwd2):" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:900 +msgid "As guidance:" +msgstr "说明：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:902 +msgid "" +"Use positional-only if you want the name of the parameters to not be " +"available to the user. This is useful when parameter names have no real " +"meaning, if you want to enforce the order of the arguments when the function" +" is called or if you need to take some positional parameters and arbitrary " +"keywords." +msgstr "使用仅限位置形参，可以让用户无法使用形参名。形参名没有实际意义时，强制调用函数的实参顺序时，或同时接收位置形参和关键字时，这种方式很有用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:907 +msgid "" +"Use keyword-only when names have meaning and the function definition is more" +" understandable by being explicit with names or you want to prevent users " +"relying on the position of the argument being passed." +msgstr "当形参名有实际意义，且显式名称可以让函数定义更易理解时，阻止用户依赖传递实参的位置时，才使用关键字。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:910 +msgid "" +"For an API, use positional-only to prevent breaking API changes if the " +"parameter's name is modified in the future." +msgstr "对于 API，使用仅限位置形参，可以防止未来修改形参名时造成破坏性的 API 变动。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:916 +msgid "Arbitrary Argument Lists" +msgstr "任意实参列表" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:921 +msgid "" +"Finally, the least frequently used option is to specify that a function can " +"be called with an arbitrary number of arguments. These arguments will be " +"wrapped up in a tuple (see :ref:`tut-tuples`). Before the variable number " +"of arguments, zero or more normal arguments may occur. ::" +msgstr "" +"调用函数时，使用任意数量的实参是最少见的选项。这些实参包含在元组中（详见 :ref:`tut-tuples` " +"）。在可变数量的实参之前，可能有若干个普通参数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:926 +msgid "" +"def write_multiple_items(file, separator, *args):\n" +" file.write(separator.join(args))" +msgstr "" +"def write_multiple_items(file, separator, *args):\n" +" file.write(separator.join(args))" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:930 +msgid "" +"Normally, these *variadic* arguments will be last in the list of formal " +"parameters, because they scoop up all remaining input arguments that are " +"passed to the function. Any formal parameters which occur after the " +"``*args`` parameter are 'keyword-only' arguments, meaning that they can only" +" be used as keywords rather than positional arguments. ::" +msgstr "" +"*variadic* 参数用于采集传递给函数的所有剩余参数，因此，它们通常在形参列表的末尾。``*args`` " +"形参后的任何形式参数只能是仅限关键字参数，即只能用作关键字参数，不能用作位置参数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:936 +msgid "" +">>> def concat(*args, sep=\"/\"):\n" +"... return sep.join(args)\n" +"...\n" +">>> concat(\"earth\", \"mars\", \"venus\")\n" +"'earth/mars/venus'\n" +">>> concat(\"earth\", \"mars\", \"venus\", sep=\".\")\n" +"'earth.mars.venus'" +msgstr "" +">>> def concat(*args, sep=\"/\"):\n" +"... return sep.join(args)\n" +"...\n" +">>> concat(\"earth\", \"mars\", \"venus\")\n" +"'earth/mars/venus'\n" +">>> concat(\"earth\", \"mars\", \"venus\", sep=\".\")\n" +"'earth.mars.venus'" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:947 +msgid "Unpacking Argument Lists" +msgstr "解包实参列表" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:949 +msgid "" +"The reverse situation occurs when the arguments are already in a list or " +"tuple but need to be unpacked for a function call requiring separate " +"positional arguments. For instance, the built-in :func:`range` function " +"expects separate *start* and *stop* arguments. If they are not available " +"separately, write the function call with the ``*``\\ -operator to unpack " +"the arguments out of a list or tuple::" +msgstr "" +"函数调用要求独立的位置参数，但实参在列表或元组里时，要执行相反的操作。例如，内置的 :func:`range` 函数要求独立的 *start* 和 " +"*stop* 实参。如果这些参数不是独立的，则要在调用函数时，用 ``*`` 操作符把实参从列表或元组解包出来：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:956 +msgid "" +">>> list(range(3, 6)) # normal call with separate arguments\n" +"[3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> args = [3, 6]\n" +">>> list(range(*args)) # call with arguments unpacked from a list\n" +"[3, 4, 5]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(range(3, 6)) # 附带两个参数的正常调用\n" +"[3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> args = [3, 6]\n" +">>> list(range(*args)) # 附带从一个列表解包的参数的调用\n" +"[3, 4, 5]" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:965 +msgid "" +"In the same fashion, dictionaries can deliver keyword arguments with the " +"``**``\\ -operator::" +msgstr "同样，字典可以用 ``**`` 操作符传递关键字参数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:968 +msgid "" +">>> def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action='voom'):\n" +"... print(\"-- This parrot wouldn't\", action, end=' ')\n" +"... print(\"if you put\", voltage, \"volts through it.\", end=' ')\n" +"... print(\"E's\", state, \"!\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> d = {\"voltage\": \"four million\", \"state\": \"bleedin' demised\", \"action\": \"VOOM\"}\n" +">>> parrot(**d)\n" +"-- This parrot wouldn't VOOM if you put four million volts through it. E's bleedin' demised !" +msgstr "" +">>> def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action='voom'):\n" +"... print(\"-- This parrot wouldn't\", action, end=' ')\n" +"... print(\"if you put\", voltage, \"volts through it.\", end=' ')\n" +"... print(\"E's\", state, \"!\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> d = {\"voltage\": \"four million\", \"state\": \"bleedin' demised\", \"action\": \"VOOM\"}\n" +">>> parrot(**d)\n" +"-- This parrot wouldn't VOOM if you put four million volts through it. E's bleedin' demised !" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:981 +msgid "Lambda Expressions" +msgstr "Lambda 表达式" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:983 +msgid "" +"Small anonymous functions can be created with the :keyword:`lambda` keyword." +" This function returns the sum of its two arguments: ``lambda a, b: a+b``. " +"Lambda functions can be used wherever function objects are required. They " +"are syntactically restricted to a single expression. Semantically, they are" +" just syntactic sugar for a normal function definition. Like nested " +"function definitions, lambda functions can reference variables from the " +"containing scope::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`lambda` 关键字用于创建小巧的匿名函数。``lambda a, b: a+b`` 函数返回两个参数的和。Lambda " +"函数可用于任何需要函数对象的地方。在语法上，匿名函数只能是单个表达式。在语义上，它只是常规函数定义的语法糖。与嵌套函数定义一样，lambda " +"函数可以引用包含作用域中的变量：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:991 +msgid "" +">>> def make_incrementor(n):\n" +"... return lambda x: x + n\n" +"...\n" +">>> f = make_incrementor(42)\n" +">>> f(0)\n" +"42\n" +">>> f(1)\n" +"43" +msgstr "" +">>> def make_incrementor(n):\n" +"... return lambda x: x + n\n" +"...\n" +">>> f = make_incrementor(42)\n" +">>> f(0)\n" +"42\n" +">>> f(1)\n" +"43" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"The above example uses a lambda expression to return a function. Another " +"use is to pass a small function as an argument::" +msgstr "上例用 lambda 表达式返回函数。还可以把匿名函数用作传递的实参：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1003 +msgid "" +">>> pairs = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'four')]\n" +">>> pairs.sort(key=lambda pair: pair[1])\n" +">>> pairs\n" +"[(4, 'four'), (1, 'one'), (3, 'three'), (2, 'two')]" +msgstr "" +">>> pairs = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'four')]\n" +">>> pairs.sort(key=lambda pair: pair[1])\n" +">>> pairs\n" +"[(4, 'four'), (1, 'one'), (3, 'three'), (2, 'two')]" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1012 +msgid "Documentation Strings" +msgstr "文档字符串" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"Here are some conventions about the content and formatting of documentation " +"strings." +msgstr "以下是文档字符串内容和格式的约定。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"The first line should always be a short, concise summary of the object's " +"purpose. For brevity, it should not explicitly state the object's name or " +"type, since these are available by other means (except if the name happens " +"to be a verb describing a function's operation). This line should begin " +"with a capital letter and end with a period." +msgstr "" +"第一行应为对象用途的简短摘要。为保持简洁，不要在这里显式说明对象名或类型，因为可通过其他方式获取这些信息（除非该名称碰巧是描述函数操作的动词）。这一行应以大写字母开头，以句点结尾。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"If there are more lines in the documentation string, the second line should " +"be blank, visually separating the summary from the rest of the description." +" The following lines should be one or more paragraphs describing the " +"object's calling conventions, its side effects, etc." +msgstr "文档字符串为多行时，第二行应为空白行，在视觉上将摘要与其余描述分开。后面的行可包含若干段落，描述对象的调用约定、副作用等。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"The Python parser does not strip indentation from multi-line string literals" +" in Python, so tools that process documentation have to strip indentation if" +" desired. This is done using the following convention. The first non-blank " +"line *after* the first line of the string determines the amount of " +"indentation for the entire documentation string. (We can't use the first " +"line since it is generally adjacent to the string's opening quotes so its " +"indentation is not apparent in the string literal.) Whitespace " +"\"equivalent\" to this indentation is then stripped from the start of all " +"lines of the string. Lines that are indented less should not occur, but if " +"they occur all their leading whitespace should be stripped. Equivalence of " +"whitespace should be tested after expansion of tabs (to 8 spaces, normally)." +msgstr "" +"Python 解析器不会删除 Python 中多行字符串字面值的缩进，因此，文档处理工具应在必要时删除缩进。这项操作遵循以下约定：文档字符串第一行 " +"*之后* " +"的第一个非空行决定了整个文档字符串的缩进量（第一行通常与字符串开头的引号相邻，其缩进在字符串中并不明显，因此，不能用第一行的缩进），然后，删除字符串中所有行开头处与此缩进“等价”的空白符。不能有比此缩进更少的行，但如果出现了缩进更少的行，应删除这些行的所有前导空白符。转化制表符后（通常为" +" 8 个空格），应测试空白符的等效性。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1045 +msgid "Here is an example of a multi-line docstring::" +msgstr "下面是多行文档字符串的一个例子：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1047 +msgid "" +">>> def my_function():\n" +"... \"\"\"Do nothing, but document it.\n" +"...\n" +"... No, really, it doesn't do anything.\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(my_function.__doc__)\n" +"Do nothing, but document it.\n" +"\n" +" No, really, it doesn't do anything." +msgstr "" +">>> def my_function():\n" +"... \"\"\"Do nothing, but document it.\n" +"...\n" +"... No, really, it doesn't do anything.\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(my_function.__doc__)\n" +"Do nothing, but document it.\n" +"\n" +" No, really, it doesn't do anything." + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1063 +msgid "Function Annotations" +msgstr "函数注解" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1071 +msgid "" +":ref:`Function annotations ` are completely optional metadata " +"information about the types used by user-defined functions (see :pep:`3107` " +"and :pep:`484` for more information)." +msgstr "" +":ref:`函数注解 ` 是可选的用户自定义函数类型的元数据完整信息（详见 :pep:`3107` 和 :pep:`484` ）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1075 +msgid "" +":term:`Annotations ` are stored in the " +":attr:`!__annotations__` attribute of the function as a dictionary and have " +"no effect on any other part of the function. Parameter annotations are " +"defined by a colon after the parameter name, followed by an expression " +"evaluating to the value of the annotation. Return annotations are defined " +"by a literal ``->``, followed by an expression, between the parameter list " +"and the colon denoting the end of the :keyword:`def` statement. The " +"following example has a required argument, an optional argument, and the " +"return value annotated::" +msgstr "" +":term:`标注 ` 以字典的形式存放在函数的 :attr:`!__annotations__` " +"属性中而对函数的其他部分没有影响。 形参标注的定义方式是在形参名后加冒号，后面跟一个会被求值为标注的值的表达式。 返回值标注的定义方式是加组合符号 " +"``->``，后面跟一个表达式，这样的校注位于形参列表和表示 :keyword:`def` 语句结束的冒号。 " +"下面的示例有一个必须的参数、一个可选的关键字参数以及返回值都带有相应的标注::" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1084 +msgid "" +">>> def f(ham: str, eggs: str = 'eggs') -> str:\n" +"... print(\"Annotations:\", f.__annotations__)\n" +"... print(\"Arguments:\", ham, eggs)\n" +"... return ham + ' and ' + eggs\n" +"...\n" +">>> f('spam')\n" +"Annotations: {'ham': , 'return': , 'eggs': }\n" +"Arguments: spam eggs\n" +"'spam and eggs'" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(ham: str, eggs: str = 'eggs') -> str:\n" +"... print(\"Annotations:\", f.__annotations__)\n" +"... print(\"Arguments:\", ham, eggs)\n" +"... return ham + ' and ' + eggs\n" +"...\n" +">>> f('spam')\n" +"Annotations: {'ham': , 'return': , 'eggs': }\n" +"Arguments: spam eggs\n" +"'spam and eggs'" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1097 +msgid "Intermezzo: Coding Style" +msgstr "小插曲：编码风格" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"Now that you are about to write longer, more complex pieces of Python, it is" +" a good time to talk about *coding style*. Most languages can be written " +"(or more concise, *formatted*) in different styles; some are more readable " +"than others. Making it easy for others to read your code is always a good " +"idea, and adopting a nice coding style helps tremendously for that." +msgstr "" +"现在你将要写更长，更复杂的 Python 代码，是时候讨论一下 *代码风格* 了。 " +"大多数语言都能以不同的风格被编写（或更准确地说，被格式化）；有些比其他的更具有可读性。 " +"能让其他人轻松阅读你的代码总是一个好主意，采用一种好的编码风格对此有很大帮助。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"For Python, :pep:`8` has emerged as the style guide that most projects " +"adhere to; it promotes a very readable and eye-pleasing coding style. Every" +" Python developer should read it at some point; here are the most important " +"points extracted for you:" +msgstr "" +"Python 项目大多都遵循 :pep:`8` 的风格指南；它推行的编码风格易于阅读、赏心悦目。Python " +"开发者均应抽时间悉心研读；以下是该提案中的核心要点：" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1113 +msgid "Use 4-space indentation, and no tabs." +msgstr "缩进，用 4 个空格，不要用制表符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"4 spaces are a good compromise between small indentation (allows greater " +"nesting depth) and large indentation (easier to read). Tabs introduce " +"confusion, and are best left out." +msgstr "4 个空格是小缩进（更深嵌套）和大缩进（更易阅读）之间的折中方案。制表符会引起混乱，最好别用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1119 +msgid "Wrap lines so that they don't exceed 79 characters." +msgstr "换行，一行不超过 79 个字符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"This helps users with small displays and makes it possible to have several " +"code files side-by-side on larger displays." +msgstr "这样换行的小屏阅读体验更好，还便于在大屏显示器上并排阅读多个代码文件。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"Use blank lines to separate functions and classes, and larger blocks of code" +" inside functions." +msgstr "用空行分隔函数和类，及函数内较大的代码块。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1127 +msgid "When possible, put comments on a line of their own." +msgstr "最好把注释放到单独一行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1129 +msgid "Use docstrings." +msgstr "使用文档字符串。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1131 +msgid "" +"Use spaces around operators and after commas, but not directly inside " +"bracketing constructs: ``a = f(1, 2) + g(3, 4)``." +msgstr "运算符前后、逗号后要用空格，但不要直接在括号内使用： ``a = f(1, 2) + g(3, 4)``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1134 +msgid "" +"Name your classes and functions consistently; the convention is to use " +"``UpperCamelCase`` for classes and ``lowercase_with_underscores`` for " +"functions and methods. Always use ``self`` as the name for the first method" +" argument (see :ref:`tut-firstclasses` for more on classes and methods)." +msgstr "" +"类和函数的命名要一致；按惯例，命名类用 ``UpperCamelCase``，命名函数与方法用 " +"``lowercase_with_underscores``。命名方法中第一个参数总是用 ``self`` (类和方法详见 :ref:`tut-" +"firstclasses`)。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"Don't use fancy encodings if your code is meant to be used in international " +"environments. Python's default, UTF-8, or even plain ASCII work best in any" +" case." +msgstr "编写用于国际多语环境的代码时，不要用生僻的编码。Python 默认的 UTF-8 或纯 ASCII 可以胜任各种情况。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"Likewise, don't use non-ASCII characters in identifiers if there is only the" +" slightest chance people speaking a different language will read or maintain" +" the code." +msgstr "同理，就算多语阅读、维护代码的可能再小，也不要在标识符中使用非 ASCII 字符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1149 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"Actually, *call by object reference* would be a better description, since if" +" a mutable object is passed, the caller will see any changes the callee " +"makes to it (items inserted into a list)." +msgstr "实际上，*对象引用调用* 这种说法更好，因为，传递的是可变对象时，调用者能发现被调者做出的任何更改（插入列表的元素）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:48 +msgid "statement" +msgstr "statement -- 语句" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:48 +msgid "for" +msgstr "for" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:477 ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1014 +msgid "documentation strings" +msgstr "文档字符串" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:477 ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1014 +msgid "docstrings" +msgstr "文档字符串" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:477 ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1014 +msgid "strings, documentation" +msgstr "字符串，文档" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:918 +msgid "* (asterisk)" +msgstr "* (星号)" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:918 ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:962 +msgid "in function calls" +msgstr "在函数调用中" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:962 +msgid "**" +msgstr "**" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1066 +msgid "function" +msgstr "function -- 函数" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1066 +msgid "annotations" +msgstr "annotations" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1066 +msgid "->" +msgstr "->" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1066 +msgid "function annotations" +msgstr "函数标注" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1066 +msgid ": (colon)" +msgstr ": (冒号)" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1100 +msgid "coding" +msgstr "编码" + +#: ../../tutorial/controlflow.rst:1100 +msgid "style" +msgstr "style" diff --git a/tutorial/datastructures.po b/tutorial/datastructures.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c3b563c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/datastructures.po @@ -0,0 +1,1342 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-13 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:5 +msgid "Data Structures" +msgstr "数据结构" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:7 +msgid "" +"This chapter describes some things you've learned about already in more " +"detail, and adds some new things as well." +msgstr "本章深入讲解之前学过的一些内容，同时，还增加了新的知识点。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:13 +msgid "More on Lists" +msgstr "列表详解" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:15 +msgid "" +"The list data type has some more methods. Here are all of the methods of " +"list objects:" +msgstr "列表数据类型支持很多方法，列表对象的所有方法所示如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:22 +msgid "Add an item to the end of the list. Similar to ``a[len(a):] = [x]``." +msgstr "在列表末尾添加一项。 类似于 ``a[len(a):] = [x]``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable. Similar to " +"``a[len(a):] = iterable``." +msgstr "通过添加来自 iterable 的所有项来扩展列表。 类似于 ``a[len(a):] = iterable``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Insert an item at a given position. The first argument is the index of the " +"element before which to insert, so ``a.insert(0, x)`` inserts at the front " +"of the list, and ``a.insert(len(a), x)`` is equivalent to ``a.append(x)``." +msgstr "" +"在指定位置插入元素。第一个参数是插入元素的索引，因此，``a.insert(0, x)`` 在列表开头插入元素， ``a.insert(len(a), " +"x)`` 等同于 ``a.append(x)`` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Remove the first item from the list whose value is equal to *x*. It raises " +"a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item." +msgstr "从列表中删除第一个值为 *x* 的元素。未找到指定元素时，触发 :exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:50 +msgid "" +"Remove the item at the given position in the list, and return it. If no " +"index is specified, ``a.pop()`` removes and returns the last item in the " +"list. It raises an :exc:`IndexError` if the list is empty or the index is " +"outside the list range." +msgstr "" +"移除列表中给定位置上的条目，并返回该条目。 如果未指定索引号，则 ``a.pop()`` 将移除并返回列表中的最后一个条目。 " +"如果列表为空或索引号在列表索引范围之外则会引发 :exc:`IndexError`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:59 +msgid "Remove all items from the list. Similar to ``del a[:]``." +msgstr "移除列表中的所有项。 类似于 ``del a[:]``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Return zero-based index in the list of the first item whose value is equal " +"to *x*. Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item." +msgstr "返回列表中第一个值为 *x* 的元素的零基索引。未找到指定元素时，触发 :exc:`ValueError` 异常。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The optional arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in the slice " +"notation and are used to limit the search to a particular subsequence of the" +" list. The returned index is computed relative to the beginning of the full" +" sequence rather than the *start* argument." +msgstr "" +"可选参数 *start* 和 *end* 是切片符号，用于将搜索限制为列表的特定子序列。返回的索引是相对于整个序列的开始计算的，而不是 *start* " +"参数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:77 +msgid "Return the number of times *x* appears in the list." +msgstr "返回列表中元素 *x* 出现的次数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Sort the items of the list in place (the arguments can be used for sort " +"customization, see :func:`sorted` for their explanation)." +msgstr "就地排序列表中的元素（要了解自定义排序参数，详见 :func:`sorted`）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:90 +msgid "Reverse the elements of the list in place." +msgstr "翻转列表中的元素。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:96 +msgid "Return a shallow copy of the list. Similar to ``a[:]``." +msgstr "返回列表的浅拷贝。 类似于 ``a[:]``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:99 +msgid "An example that uses most of the list methods::" +msgstr "多数列表方法示例：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:101 +msgid "" +">>> fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', 'banana']\n" +">>> fruits.count('apple')\n" +"2\n" +">>> fruits.count('tangerine')\n" +"0\n" +">>> fruits.index('banana')\n" +"3\n" +">>> fruits.index('banana', 4) # Find next banana starting at position 4\n" +"6\n" +">>> fruits.reverse()\n" +">>> fruits\n" +"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange']\n" +">>> fruits.append('grape')\n" +">>> fruits\n" +"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'grape']\n" +">>> fruits.sort()\n" +">>> fruits\n" +"['apple', 'apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'grape', 'kiwi', 'orange', 'pear']\n" +">>> fruits.pop()\n" +"'pear'" +msgstr "" +">>> fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', 'banana']\n" +">>> fruits.count('apple')\n" +"2\n" +">>> fruits.count('tangerine')\n" +"0\n" +">>> fruits.index('banana')\n" +"3\n" +">>> fruits.index('banana', 4) # 从 4 号位开始查找下一个 banana\n" +"6\n" +">>> fruits.reverse()\n" +">>> fruits\n" +"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange']\n" +">>> fruits.append('grape')\n" +">>> fruits\n" +"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'grape']\n" +">>> fruits.sort()\n" +">>> fruits\n" +"['apple', 'apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'grape', 'kiwi', 'orange', 'pear']\n" +">>> fruits.pop()\n" +"'pear'" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:122 +msgid "" +"You might have noticed that methods like ``insert``, ``remove`` or ``sort`` " +"that only modify the list have no return value printed -- they return the " +"default ``None``. [#]_ This is a design principle for all mutable data " +"structures in Python." +msgstr "" +"你可能已经注意到 ``insert``, ``remove`` 或 ``sort`` 等仅修改列表的方法都不会打印返回值 -- 它们返回默认值 " +"``None``。 [#]_ 这是适用于 Python 中所有可变数据结构的设计原则。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:127 +msgid "" +"Another thing you might notice is that not all data can be sorted or " +"compared. For instance, ``[None, 'hello', 10]`` doesn't sort because " +"integers can't be compared to strings and ``None`` can't be compared to " +"other types. Also, there are some types that don't have a defined ordering " +"relation. For example, ``3+4j < 5+7j`` isn't a valid comparison." +msgstr "" +"你可能会注意到的另一件事是并非所有数据都可以排序或比较。 举例来说，``[None, 'hello', 10]`` 就不可排序因为整数不能与字符串比较而" +" ``None`` 不能与其他类型比较。 此外，还存在一些没有定义顺序关系的类型。 例如，``3+4j < 5+7j`` 就不是一个合法的比较。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:138 +msgid "Using Lists as Stacks" +msgstr "用列表实现堆栈" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The list methods make it very easy to use a list as a stack, where the last " +"element added is the first element retrieved (\"last-in, first-out\"). To " +"add an item to the top of the stack, use :meth:`!append`. To retrieve an " +"item from the top of the stack, use :meth:`!pop` without an explicit index." +" For example::" +msgstr "" +"列表方法使得将列表用作栈非常容易，最后添加的元素会最先被取出（“后进先出”）。 要将一个条目添加到栈顶，可使用 :meth:`!append`。 " +"要从栈顶取出一个条目，则使用 :meth:`!pop` 且不必显式指定索引。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:148 +msgid "" +">>> stack = [3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> stack.append(6)\n" +">>> stack.append(7)\n" +">>> stack\n" +"[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n" +">>> stack.pop()\n" +"7\n" +">>> stack\n" +"[3, 4, 5, 6]\n" +">>> stack.pop()\n" +"6\n" +">>> stack.pop()\n" +"5\n" +">>> stack\n" +"[3, 4]" +msgstr "" +">>> stack = [3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> stack.append(6)\n" +">>> stack.append(7)\n" +">>> stack\n" +"[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n" +">>> stack.pop()\n" +"7\n" +">>> stack\n" +"[3, 4, 5, 6]\n" +">>> stack.pop()\n" +"6\n" +">>> stack.pop()\n" +"5\n" +">>> stack\n" +"[3, 4]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:168 +msgid "Using Lists as Queues" +msgstr "用列表实现队列" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:172 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to use a list as a queue, where the first element added " +"is the first element retrieved (\"first-in, first-out\"); however, lists are" +" not efficient for this purpose. While appends and pops from the end of " +"list are fast, doing inserts or pops from the beginning of a list is slow " +"(because all of the other elements have to be shifted by one)." +msgstr "" +"列表也可以用作队列，最先加入的元素，最先取出（“先进先出”）；然而，列表作为队列的效率很低。因为，在列表末尾添加和删除元素非常快，但在列表开头插入或移除元素却很慢（因为所有其他元素都必须移动一位）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:178 +msgid "" +"To implement a queue, use :class:`collections.deque` which was designed to " +"have fast appends and pops from both ends. For example::" +msgstr "实现队列最好用 :class:`collections.deque`，可以快速从两端添加或删除元素。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:181 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> queue = deque([\"Eric\", \"John\", \"Michael\"])\n" +">>> queue.append(\"Terry\") # Terry arrives\n" +">>> queue.append(\"Graham\") # Graham arrives\n" +">>> queue.popleft() # The first to arrive now leaves\n" +"'Eric'\n" +">>> queue.popleft() # The second to arrive now leaves\n" +"'John'\n" +">>> queue # Remaining queue in order of arrival\n" +"deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])" +msgstr "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> queue = deque([\"Eric\", \"John\", \"Michael\"])\n" +">>> queue.append(\"Terry\") # Terry 到了\n" +">>> queue.append(\"Graham\") # Graham 到了\n" +">>> queue.popleft() # 第一个到的现在走了\n" +"'Eric'\n" +">>> queue.popleft() # 第二个到的现在走了\n" +"'John'\n" +">>> queue # 按到达顺序排列的剩余队列\n" +"deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:196 +msgid "List Comprehensions" +msgstr "列表推导式" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:198 +msgid "" +"List comprehensions provide a concise way to create lists. Common " +"applications are to make new lists where each element is the result of some " +"operations applied to each member of another sequence or iterable, or to " +"create a subsequence of those elements that satisfy a certain condition." +msgstr "" +"列表推导式创建列表的方式更简洁。常见的用法为，对序列或可迭代对象中的每个元素应用某种操作，用生成的结果创建新的列表；或用满足特定条件的元素创建子序列。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:203 +msgid "For example, assume we want to create a list of squares, like::" +msgstr "例如，创建平方值的列表：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:205 +msgid "" +">>> squares = []\n" +">>> for x in range(10):\n" +"... squares.append(x**2)\n" +"...\n" +">>> squares\n" +"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]" +msgstr "" +">>> squares = []\n" +">>> for x in range(10):\n" +"... squares.append(x**2)\n" +"...\n" +">>> squares\n" +"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Note that this creates (or overwrites) a variable named ``x`` that still " +"exists after the loop completes. We can calculate the list of squares " +"without any side effects using::" +msgstr "注意，这段代码创建（或覆盖）变量 ``x``，该变量在循环结束后仍然存在。下述方法可以无副作用地计算平方列表：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:216 +msgid "squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))" +msgstr "squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:218 +msgid "or, equivalently::" +msgstr "或等价于：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:220 +msgid "squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]" +msgstr "squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:222 +msgid "which is more concise and readable." +msgstr "上面这种写法更简洁、易读。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:224 +msgid "" +"A list comprehension consists of brackets containing an expression followed " +"by a :keyword:`!for` clause, then zero or more :keyword:`!for` or " +":keyword:`!if` clauses. The result will be a new list resulting from " +"evaluating the expression in the context of the :keyword:`!for` and " +":keyword:`!if` clauses which follow it. For example, this listcomp combines " +"the elements of two lists if they are not equal::" +msgstr "" +"列表推导式的方括号内包含以下内容：一个表达式，后面为一个 :keyword:`!for` 子句，然后，是零个或多个 :keyword:`!for` 或 " +":keyword:`!if` 子句。结果是由表达式依据 :keyword:`!for` 和 :keyword:`!if` 子句求值计算而得出一个新列表。" +" 举例来说，以下列表推导式将两个列表中不相等的元素组合起来：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:231 +msgid "" +">>> [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]\n" +"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]" +msgstr "" +">>> [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]\n" +"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:234 +msgid "and it's equivalent to::" +msgstr "等价于：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:236 +msgid "" +">>> combs = []\n" +">>> for x in [1,2,3]:\n" +"... for y in [3,1,4]:\n" +"... if x != y:\n" +"... combs.append((x, y))\n" +"...\n" +">>> combs\n" +"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]" +msgstr "" +">>> combs = []\n" +">>> for x in [1,2,3]:\n" +"... for y in [3,1,4]:\n" +"... if x != y:\n" +"... combs.append((x, y))\n" +"...\n" +">>> combs\n" +"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:245 +msgid "" +"Note how the order of the :keyword:`for` and :keyword:`if` statements is the" +" same in both these snippets." +msgstr "注意，上面两段代码中，:keyword:`for` 和 :keyword:`if` 的顺序相同。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:248 +msgid "" +"If the expression is a tuple (e.g. the ``(x, y)`` in the previous example), " +"it must be parenthesized. ::" +msgstr "表达式是元组（例如上例的 ``(x, y)``）时，必须加上括号：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:251 +msgid "" +">>> vec = [-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]\n" +">>> # create a new list with the values doubled\n" +">>> [x*2 for x in vec]\n" +"[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]\n" +">>> # filter the list to exclude negative numbers\n" +">>> [x for x in vec if x >= 0]\n" +"[0, 2, 4]\n" +">>> # apply a function to all the elements\n" +">>> [abs(x) for x in vec]\n" +"[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]\n" +">>> # call a method on each element\n" +">>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']\n" +">>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]\n" +"['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']\n" +">>> # create a list of 2-tuples like (number, square)\n" +">>> [(x, x**2) for x in range(6)]\n" +"[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]\n" +">>> # the tuple must be parenthesized, otherwise an error is raised\n" +">>> [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n" +" ^^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\n" +">>> # flatten a list using a listcomp with two 'for'\n" +">>> vec = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]\n" +">>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" +msgstr "" +">>> vec = [-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]\n" +">>> # 新建一个将值翻倍的列表\n" +">>> [x*2 for x in vec]\n" +"[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]\n" +">>> # 过滤列表以排除负数\n" +">>> [x for x in vec if x >= 0]\n" +"[0, 2, 4]\n" +">>> # 对所有元素应用一个函数\n" +">>> [abs(x) for x in vec]\n" +"[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]\n" +">>> # 在每个元素上调用一个方法\n" +">>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']\n" +">>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]\n" +"['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']\n" +">>> # 创建一个包含 (数字, 平方) 2 元组的列表\n" +">>> [(x, x**2) for x in range(6)]\n" +"[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]\n" +">>> # 元组必须加圆括号，否则会引发错误\n" +">>> [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n" +" ^^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\n" +">>> # 使用两个 'for' 来展平嵌套的列表\n" +">>> vec = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]\n" +">>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:279 +msgid "" +"List comprehensions can contain complex expressions and nested functions::" +msgstr "列表推导式可以使用复杂的表达式和嵌套函数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:281 +msgid "" +">>> from math import pi\n" +">>> [str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]\n" +"['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']" +msgstr "" +">>> from math import pi\n" +">>> [str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]\n" +"['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:286 +msgid "Nested List Comprehensions" +msgstr "嵌套的列表推导式" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:288 +msgid "" +"The initial expression in a list comprehension can be any arbitrary " +"expression, including another list comprehension." +msgstr "列表推导式中的初始表达式可以是任何表达式，甚至可以是另一个列表推导式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:291 +msgid "" +"Consider the following example of a 3x4 matrix implemented as a list of 3 " +"lists of length 4::" +msgstr "下面这个 3x4 矩阵，由 3 个长度为 4 的列表组成：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:294 +msgid "" +">>> matrix = [\n" +"... [1, 2, 3, 4],\n" +"... [5, 6, 7, 8],\n" +"... [9, 10, 11, 12],\n" +"... ]" +msgstr "" +">>> matrix = [\n" +"... [1, 2, 3, 4],\n" +"... [5, 6, 7, 8],\n" +"... [9, 10, 11, 12],\n" +"... ]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:300 +msgid "The following list comprehension will transpose rows and columns::" +msgstr "下面的列表推导式可以转置行列：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:302 +msgid "" +">>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]\n" +"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" +msgstr "" +">>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]\n" +"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:305 +msgid "" +"As we saw in the previous section, the inner list comprehension is evaluated" +" in the context of the :keyword:`for` that follows it, so this example is " +"equivalent to::" +msgstr "如我们在之前小节中看到的，内部的列表推导式是在它之后的 :keyword:`for` 的上下文中被求值的，所以这个例子等价于::" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:309 +msgid "" +">>> transposed = []\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])\n" +"...\n" +">>> transposed\n" +"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" +msgstr "" +">>> transposed = []\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])\n" +"...\n" +">>> transposed\n" +"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:316 +msgid "which, in turn, is the same as::" +msgstr "反过来说，也等价于：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:318 +msgid "" +">>> transposed = []\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... # the following 3 lines implement the nested listcomp\n" +"... transposed_row = []\n" +"... for row in matrix:\n" +"... transposed_row.append(row[i])\n" +"... transposed.append(transposed_row)\n" +"...\n" +">>> transposed\n" +"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" +msgstr "" +">>> transposed = []\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... # 以下 3 行实现了嵌套的列表组\n" +"... transposed_row = []\n" +"... for row in matrix:\n" +"... transposed_row.append(row[i])\n" +"... transposed.append(transposed_row)\n" +"...\n" +">>> transposed\n" +"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:329 +msgid "" +"In the real world, you should prefer built-in functions to complex flow " +"statements. The :func:`zip` function would do a great job for this use " +"case::" +msgstr "实际应用中，最好用内置函数替代复杂的流程语句。此时，:func:`zip` 函数更好用：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:332 +msgid "" +">>> list(zip(*matrix))\n" +"[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(zip(*matrix))\n" +"[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:335 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` for details on the asterisk in this line." +msgstr "关于本行中星号的详细说明，参见 :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:340 +msgid "The :keyword:`!del` statement" +msgstr ":keyword:`!del` 语句" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:342 +msgid "" +"There is a way to remove an item from a list given its index instead of its " +"value: the :keyword:`del` statement. This differs from the :meth:`!pop` " +"method which returns a value. The :keyword:`!del` statement can also be " +"used to remove slices from a list or clear the entire list (which we did " +"earlier by assignment of an empty list to the slice). For example::" +msgstr "" +"可以按索引而不是按值从一个列表移除条目：即使用 :keyword:`del` 语句。 这不同于返回一个值的 :meth:`!pop` 方法。 " +":keyword:`!del` 语句还可被用来从列表移除切片或清空整个列表（之前我们通过将一个空列表赋值给切片实现此功能）。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:348 +msgid "" +">>> a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n" +">>> del a[0]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n" +">>> del a[2:4]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 66.25, 1234.5]\n" +">>> del a[:]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[]" +msgstr "" +">>> a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n" +">>> del a[0]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n" +">>> del a[2:4]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 66.25, 1234.5]\n" +">>> del a[:]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:359 +msgid ":keyword:`del` can also be used to delete entire variables::" +msgstr ":keyword:`del` 也可以用来删除整个变量：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:361 +msgid ">>> del a" +msgstr ">>> del a" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Referencing the name ``a`` hereafter is an error (at least until another " +"value is assigned to it). We'll find other uses for :keyword:`del` later." +msgstr "此后，再引用 ``a`` 就会报错（直到为它赋与另一个值）。后文会介绍 :keyword:`del` 的其他用法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:370 +msgid "Tuples and Sequences" +msgstr "元组和序列" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:372 +msgid "" +"We saw that lists and strings have many common properties, such as indexing " +"and slicing operations. They are two examples of *sequence* data types (see" +" :ref:`typesseq`). Since Python is an evolving language, other sequence " +"data types may be added. There is also another standard sequence data type:" +" the *tuple*." +msgstr "" +"列表和字符串有很多共性，例如，索引和切片操作。这两种数据类型是 *序列* （参见 :ref:`typesseq`）。随着 Python " +"语言的发展，其他的序列类型也被加入其中。本节介绍另一种标准序列类型：*元组*。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:378 +msgid "" +"A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas, for instance::" +msgstr "元组由多个用逗号隔开的值组成，例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:380 +msgid "" +">>> t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'\n" +">>> t[0]\n" +"12345\n" +">>> t\n" +"(12345, 54321, 'hello!')\n" +">>> # Tuples may be nested:\n" +">>> u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n" +">>> u\n" +"((12345, 54321, 'hello!'), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))\n" +">>> # Tuples are immutable:\n" +">>> t[0] = 88888\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n" +">>> # but they can contain mutable objects:\n" +">>> v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n" +">>> v\n" +"([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])" +msgstr "" +">>> t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'\n" +">>> t[0]\n" +"12345\n" +">>> t\n" +"(12345, 54321, 'hello!')\n" +">>> # 元组可以嵌套：\n" +">>> u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n" +">>> u\n" +"((12345, 54321, 'hello!'), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))\n" +">>> # 元组是不可变对象：\n" +">>> t[0] = 88888\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n" +">>> # 但它们可以包含可变对象：\n" +">>> v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n" +">>> v\n" +"([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:400 +msgid "" +"As you see, on output tuples are always enclosed in parentheses, so that " +"nested tuples are interpreted correctly; they may be input with or without " +"surrounding parentheses, although often parentheses are necessary anyway (if" +" the tuple is part of a larger expression). It is not possible to assign to" +" the individual items of a tuple, however it is possible to create tuples " +"which contain mutable objects, such as lists." +msgstr "" +"输出时，元组都要由圆括号标注，这样才能正确地解释嵌套元组。输入时，圆括号可有可无，不过经常是必须的（如果元组是更大的表达式的一部分）。不允许为元组中的单个元素赋值，当然，可以创建含列表等可变对象的元组。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Though tuples may seem similar to lists, they are often used in different " +"situations and for different purposes. Tuples are :term:`immutable`, and " +"usually contain a heterogeneous sequence of elements that are accessed via " +"unpacking (see later in this section) or indexing (or even by attribute in " +"the case of :func:`namedtuples `). Lists are " +":term:`mutable`, and their elements are usually homogeneous and are accessed" +" by iterating over the list." +msgstr "" +"虽然，元组与列表很像，但使用场景不同，用途也不同。元组是 :term:`immutable` " +"（不可变的），一般可包含异质元素序列，通过解包（见本节下文）或索引访问（如果是 :func:`namedtuples " +"`，可以属性访问）。列表是 :term:`mutable` " +"（可变的），列表元素一般为同质类型，可迭代访问。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:415 +msgid "" +"A special problem is the construction of tuples containing 0 or 1 items: the" +" syntax has some extra quirks to accommodate these. Empty tuples are " +"constructed by an empty pair of parentheses; a tuple with one item is " +"constructed by following a value with a comma (it is not sufficient to " +"enclose a single value in parentheses). Ugly, but effective. For example::" +msgstr "" +"构造 0 个或 1 " +"个元素的元组比较特殊：为了适应这种情况，对句法有一些额外的改变。用一对空圆括号就可以创建空元组；只有一个元素的元组可以通过在这个元素后添加逗号来构建（圆括号里只有一个值的话不够明确）。丑陋，但是有效。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:421 +msgid "" +">>> empty = ()\n" +">>> singleton = 'hello', # <-- note trailing comma\n" +">>> len(empty)\n" +"0\n" +">>> len(singleton)\n" +"1\n" +">>> singleton\n" +"('hello',)" +msgstr "" +">>> empty = ()\n" +">>> singleton = 'hello', # <-- 注意末尾的逗号\n" +">>> len(empty)\n" +"0\n" +">>> len(singleton)\n" +"1\n" +">>> singleton\n" +"('hello',)" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:430 +msgid "" +"The statement ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` is an example of *tuple " +"packing*: the values ``12345``, ``54321`` and ``'hello!'`` are packed " +"together in a tuple. The reverse operation is also possible::" +msgstr "" +"语句 ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` 是 *元组打包* 的例子：值 ``12345``, ``54321`` 和 " +"``'hello!'`` 一起被打包进元组。逆操作也可以：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:434 +msgid ">>> x, y, z = t" +msgstr ">>> x, y, z = t" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:436 +msgid "" +"This is called, appropriately enough, *sequence unpacking* and works for any" +" sequence on the right-hand side. Sequence unpacking requires that there " +"are as many variables on the left side of the equals sign as there are " +"elements in the sequence. Note that multiple assignment is really just a " +"combination of tuple packing and sequence unpacking." +msgstr "" +"称之为 *序列解包* " +"也是妥妥的，适用于右侧的任何序列。序列解包时，左侧变量与右侧序列元素的数量应相等。注意，多重赋值其实只是元组打包和序列解包的组合。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:446 +msgid "Sets" +msgstr "集合" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:448 +msgid "" +"Python also includes a data type for *sets*. A set is an unordered " +"collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include membership " +"testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also support " +"mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and symmetric " +"difference." +msgstr "" +"Python 还支持 *集合* " +"这种数据类型。集合是由不重复元素组成的无序容器。基本用法包括成员检测、消除重复元素。集合对象支持合集、交集、差集、对称差分等数学运算。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Curly braces or the :func:`set` function can be used to create sets. Note: " +"to create an empty set you have to use ``set()``, not ``{}``; the latter " +"creates an empty dictionary, a data structure that we discuss in the next " +"section." +msgstr "" +"创建集合用花括号或 :func:`set` 函数。注意，创建空集合只能用 ``set()``，不能用 ``{}``，``{}`` " +"创建的是空字典，下一小节介绍数据结构：字典。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:457 +msgid "Here is a brief demonstration::" +msgstr "以下是一些简单的示例 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:459 +msgid "" +">>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}\n" +">>> print(basket) # show that duplicates have been removed\n" +"{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}\n" +">>> 'orange' in basket # fast membership testing\n" +"True\n" +">>> 'crabgrass' in basket\n" +"False\n" +"\n" +">>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words\n" +">>>\n" +">>> a = set('abracadabra')\n" +">>> b = set('alacazam')\n" +">>> a # unique letters in a\n" +"{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n" +">>> a - b # letters in a but not in b\n" +"{'r', 'd', 'b'}\n" +">>> a | b # letters in a or b or both\n" +"{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}\n" +">>> a & b # letters in both a and b\n" +"{'a', 'c'}\n" +">>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both\n" +"{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}" +msgstr "" +">>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}\n" +">>> print(basket) # 显示重复项已被移除\n" +"{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}\n" +">>> 'orange' in basket # 快速成员检测\n" +"True\n" +">>> 'crabgrass' in basket\n" +"False\n" +"\n" +">>> # 演示针对两个单词中独有的字母进行集合运算\n" +">>>\n" +">>> a = set('abracadabra')\n" +">>> b = set('alacazam')\n" +">>> a # a 中独有的字母\n" +"{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n" +">>> a - b # 存在于 a 中但不存在于 b 中的字母\n" +"{'r', 'd', 'b'}\n" +">>> a | b # 存在于 a 或 b 中或两者中皆有的字母\n" +"{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}\n" +">>> a & b # 同时存在于 a 和 b 中的字母\n" +"{'a', 'c'}\n" +">>> a ^ b # 存在于 a 或 b 中但非两者中皆有的字母\n" +"{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Similarly to :ref:`list comprehensions `, set comprehensions " +"are also supported::" +msgstr "与 :ref:`列表推导式 ` 类似，集合也支持推导式：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:485 +msgid "" +">>> a = {x for x in 'abracadabra' if x not in 'abc'}\n" +">>> a\n" +"{'r', 'd'}" +msgstr "" +">>> a = {x for x in 'abracadabra' if x not in 'abc'}\n" +">>> a\n" +"{'r', 'd'}" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:493 +msgid "Dictionaries" +msgstr "字典" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:495 +msgid "" +"Another useful data type built into Python is the *dictionary* (see " +":ref:`typesmapping`). Dictionaries are sometimes found in other languages as" +" \"associative memories\" or \"associative arrays\". Unlike sequences, " +"which are indexed by a range of numbers, dictionaries are indexed by *keys*," +" which can be any immutable type; strings and numbers can always be keys. " +"Tuples can be used as keys if they contain only strings, numbers, or tuples;" +" if a tuple contains any mutable object either directly or indirectly, it " +"cannot be used as a key. You can't use lists as keys, since lists can be " +"modified in place using index assignments, slice assignments, or methods " +"like :meth:`!append` and :meth:`!extend`." +msgstr "" +"另一个常用的 Python 内置数据类型是 *字典* (参见 :ref:`typesmapping`)。 " +"字典在其他编程语言中可能称为“联合内存”或“联合数组”。 与以连续整数为索引的序列不同，字典是以 *键* " +"来索引的，键可以是任何不可变类型；字符串和数字总是可以作为键。 " +"元组在其仅包含字符串、数字或元组时也可以作为键；如果一个元组直接或间接地包含了任何可变对象，则不可以用作键。 " +"你不能使用列表作为键，因为列表可使用索引赋值、切片赋值或 :meth:`!append` 和 :meth:`!extend` 等方法进行原地修改。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:506 +msgid "" +"It is best to think of a dictionary as a set of *key: value* pairs, with the" +" requirement that the keys are unique (within one dictionary). A pair of " +"braces creates an empty dictionary: ``{}``. Placing a comma-separated list " +"of key:value pairs within the braces adds initial key:value pairs to the " +"dictionary; this is also the way dictionaries are written on output." +msgstr "" +"可以把字典理解为 *键值对* 的集合，但字典的键必须是唯一的。花括号 ``{}`` " +"用于创建空字典。另一种初始化字典的方式是，在花括号里输入逗号分隔的键值对，这也是字典的输出方式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:512 +msgid "" +"The main operations on a dictionary are storing a value with some key and " +"extracting the value given the key. It is also possible to delete a " +"key:value pair with ``del``. If you store using a key that is already in " +"use, the old value associated with that key is forgotten. It is an error to" +" extract a value using a non-existent key." +msgstr "" +"字典的主要用途是通过关键字存储、提取值。用 ``del`` " +"可以删除键值对。用已存在的关键字存储值，与该关键字关联的旧值会被取代。通过不存在的键提取值，则会报错。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Performing ``list(d)`` on a dictionary returns a list of all the keys used " +"in the dictionary, in insertion order (if you want it sorted, just use " +"``sorted(d)`` instead). To check whether a single key is in the dictionary, " +"use the :keyword:`in` keyword." +msgstr "" +"对字典执行 ``list(d)`` 操作，返回该字典中所有键的列表，按插入次序排列（如需排序，请使用 " +"``sorted(d)``）。检查字典里是否存在某个键，使用关键字 :keyword:`in`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:523 +msgid "Here is a small example using a dictionary::" +msgstr "以下是一些字典的简单示例：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:525 +msgid "" +">>> tel = {'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139}\n" +">>> tel['guido'] = 4127\n" +">>> tel\n" +"{'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127}\n" +">>> tel['jack']\n" +"4098\n" +">>> del tel['sape']\n" +">>> tel['irv'] = 4127\n" +">>> tel\n" +"{'jack': 4098, 'guido': 4127, 'irv': 4127}\n" +">>> list(tel)\n" +"['jack', 'guido', 'irv']\n" +">>> sorted(tel)\n" +"['guido', 'irv', 'jack']\n" +">>> 'guido' in tel\n" +"True\n" +">>> 'jack' not in tel\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> tel = {'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139}\n" +">>> tel['guido'] = 4127\n" +">>> tel\n" +"{'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127}\n" +">>> tel['jack']\n" +"4098\n" +">>> del tel['sape']\n" +">>> tel['irv'] = 4127\n" +">>> tel\n" +"{'jack': 4098, 'guido': 4127, 'irv': 4127}\n" +">>> list(tel)\n" +"['jack', 'guido', 'irv']\n" +">>> sorted(tel)\n" +"['guido', 'irv', 'jack']\n" +">>> 'guido' in tel\n" +"True\n" +">>> 'jack' not in tel\n" +"False" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:544 +msgid "" +"The :func:`dict` constructor builds dictionaries directly from sequences of " +"key-value pairs::" +msgstr ":func:`dict` 构造函数可以直接用键值对序列创建字典：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:547 +msgid "" +">>> dict([('sape', 4139), ('guido', 4127), ('jack', 4098)])\n" +"{'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127, 'jack': 4098}" +msgstr "" +">>> dict([('sape', 4139), ('guido', 4127), ('jack', 4098)])\n" +"{'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127, 'jack': 4098}" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:550 +msgid "" +"In addition, dict comprehensions can be used to create dictionaries from " +"arbitrary key and value expressions::" +msgstr "字典推导式可以用任意键值表达式创建字典：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:553 +msgid "" +">>> {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}\n" +"{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}" +msgstr "" +">>> {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}\n" +"{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:556 +msgid "" +"When the keys are simple strings, it is sometimes easier to specify pairs " +"using keyword arguments::" +msgstr "关键字是比较简单的字符串时，直接用关键字参数指定键值对更便捷：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:559 +msgid "" +">>> dict(sape=4139, guido=4127, jack=4098)\n" +"{'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127, 'jack': 4098}" +msgstr "" +">>> dict(sape=4139, guido=4127, jack=4098)\n" +"{'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127, 'jack': 4098}" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:566 +msgid "Looping Techniques" +msgstr "循环的技巧" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:568 +msgid "" +"When looping through dictionaries, the key and corresponding value can be " +"retrieved at the same time using the :meth:`~dict.items` method. ::" +msgstr "当对字典执行循环时，可以使用 :meth:`~dict.items` 方法同时提取键及其对应的值。 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:571 +msgid "" +">>> knights = {'gallahad': 'the pure', 'robin': 'the brave'}\n" +">>> for k, v in knights.items():\n" +"... print(k, v)\n" +"...\n" +"gallahad the pure\n" +"robin the brave" +msgstr "" +">>> knights = {'gallahad': 'the pure', 'robin': 'the brave'}\n" +">>> for k, v in knights.items():\n" +"... print(k, v)\n" +"...\n" +"gallahad the pure\n" +"robin the brave" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:578 +msgid "" +"When looping through a sequence, the position index and corresponding value " +"can be retrieved at the same time using the :func:`enumerate` function. ::" +msgstr "在序列中循环时，用 :func:`enumerate` 函数可以同时取出位置索引和对应的值：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:581 +msgid "" +">>> for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):\n" +"... print(i, v)\n" +"...\n" +"0 tic\n" +"1 tac\n" +"2 toe" +msgstr "" +">>> for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):\n" +"... print(i, v)\n" +"...\n" +"0 tic\n" +"1 tac\n" +"2 toe" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:588 +msgid "" +"To loop over two or more sequences at the same time, the entries can be " +"paired with the :func:`zip` function. ::" +msgstr "同时循环两个或多个序列时，用 :func:`zip` 函数可以将其内的元素一一匹配：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:591 +msgid "" +">>> questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color']\n" +">>> answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue']\n" +">>> for q, a in zip(questions, answers):\n" +"... print('What is your {0}? It is {1}.'.format(q, a))\n" +"...\n" +"What is your name? It is lancelot.\n" +"What is your quest? It is the holy grail.\n" +"What is your favorite color? It is blue." +msgstr "" +">>> questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color']\n" +">>> answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue']\n" +">>> for q, a in zip(questions, answers):\n" +"... print('What is your {0}? It is {1}.'.format(q, a))\n" +"...\n" +"What is your name? It is lancelot.\n" +"What is your quest? It is the holy grail.\n" +"What is your favorite color? It is blue." + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:600 +msgid "" +"To loop over a sequence in reverse, first specify the sequence in a forward " +"direction and then call the :func:`reversed` function. ::" +msgstr "为了逆向对序列进行循环，可以求出欲循环的正向序列，然后调用 :func:`reversed` 函数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:603 +msgid "" +">>> for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"...\n" +"9\n" +"7\n" +"5\n" +"3\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"...\n" +"9\n" +"7\n" +"5\n" +"3\n" +"1" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:612 +msgid "" +"To loop over a sequence in sorted order, use the :func:`sorted` function " +"which returns a new sorted list while leaving the source unaltered. ::" +msgstr "按指定顺序循环序列，可以用 :func:`sorted` 函数，在不改动原序列的基础上，返回一个重新的序列：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:615 +msgid "" +">>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']\n" +">>> for i in sorted(basket):\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"...\n" +"apple\n" +"apple\n" +"banana\n" +"orange\n" +"orange\n" +"pear" +msgstr "" +">>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']\n" +">>> for i in sorted(basket):\n" +"... print(i)\n" +"...\n" +"apple\n" +"apple\n" +"banana\n" +"orange\n" +"orange\n" +"pear" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Using :func:`set` on a sequence eliminates duplicate elements. The use of " +":func:`sorted` in combination with :func:`set` over a sequence is an " +"idiomatic way to loop over unique elements of the sequence in sorted order. " +"::" +msgstr "" +"使用 :func:`set` 去除序列中的重复元素。使用 :func:`sorted` 加 :func:`set` " +"则按排序后的顺序，循环遍历序列中的唯一元素：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:630 +msgid "" +">>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']\n" +">>> for f in sorted(set(basket)):\n" +"... print(f)\n" +"...\n" +"apple\n" +"banana\n" +"orange\n" +"pear" +msgstr "" +">>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']\n" +">>> for f in sorted(set(basket)):\n" +"... print(f)\n" +"...\n" +"apple\n" +"banana\n" +"orange\n" +"pear" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:639 +msgid "" +"It is sometimes tempting to change a list while you are looping over it; " +"however, it is often simpler and safer to create a new list instead. ::" +msgstr "一般来说，在循环中修改列表的内容时，创建新列表比较简单，且安全：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:642 +msgid "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> raw_data = [56.2, float('NaN'), 51.7, 55.3, 52.5, float('NaN'), 47.8]\n" +">>> filtered_data = []\n" +">>> for value in raw_data:\n" +"... if not math.isnan(value):\n" +"... filtered_data.append(value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> filtered_data\n" +"[56.2, 51.7, 55.3, 52.5, 47.8]" +msgstr "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> raw_data = [56.2, float('NaN'), 51.7, 55.3, 52.5, float('NaN'), 47.8]\n" +">>> filtered_data = []\n" +">>> for value in raw_data:\n" +"... if not math.isnan(value):\n" +"... filtered_data.append(value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> filtered_data\n" +"[56.2, 51.7, 55.3, 52.5, 47.8]" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:656 +msgid "More on Conditions" +msgstr "深入条件控制" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:658 +msgid "" +"The conditions used in ``while`` and ``if`` statements can contain any " +"operators, not just comparisons." +msgstr "``while`` 和 ``if`` 条件句不只可以进行比较，还可以使用任意运算符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:662 +msgid "" +"The comparison operators ``in`` and ``not in`` are membership tests that " +"determine whether a value is in (or not in) a container. The operators " +"``is`` and ``is not`` compare whether two objects are really the same " +"object. All comparison operators have the same priority, which is lower " +"than that of all numerical operators." +msgstr "" +"比较运算符 ``in`` 和 ``not in`` 用于执行确定一个值是否存在（或不存在）于某个容器中的成员检测。 运算符 ``is`` 和 ``is " +"not`` 用于比较两个对象是否是同一个对象。 所有比较运算符的优先级都一样，且低于任何数值运算符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:668 +msgid "" +"Comparisons can be chained. For example, ``a < b == c`` tests whether ``a``" +" is less than ``b`` and moreover ``b`` equals ``c``." +msgstr "比较操作支持链式操作。例如，``a < b == c`` 校验 ``a`` 是否小于 ``b``，且 ``b`` 是否等于 ``c``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:671 +msgid "" +"Comparisons may be combined using the Boolean operators ``and`` and ``or``, " +"and the outcome of a comparison (or of any other Boolean expression) may be " +"negated with ``not``. These have lower priorities than comparison " +"operators; between them, ``not`` has the highest priority and ``or`` the " +"lowest, so that ``A and not B or C`` is equivalent to ``(A and (not B)) or " +"C``. As always, parentheses can be used to express the desired composition." +msgstr "" +"比较操作可以用布尔运算符 ``and`` 和 ``or`` 组合，并且，比较操作（或其他布尔运算）的结果都可以用 ``not`` " +"取反。这些操作符的优先级低于比较操作符；``not`` 的优先级最高， ``or`` 的优先级最低，因此，``A and not B or C`` " +"等价于 ``(A and (not B)) or C``。与其他运算符操作一样，此处也可以用圆括号表示想要的组合。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:678 +msgid "" +"The Boolean operators ``and`` and ``or`` are so-called *short-circuit* " +"operators: their arguments are evaluated from left to right, and evaluation " +"stops as soon as the outcome is determined. For example, if ``A`` and ``C``" +" are true but ``B`` is false, ``A and B and C`` does not evaluate the " +"expression ``C``. When used as a general value and not as a Boolean, the " +"return value of a short-circuit operator is the last evaluated argument." +msgstr "" +"布尔运算符 ``and`` 和 ``or`` 是所谓的 *短路* 运算符：其参数从左至右求值，一旦可以确定结果，求值就会停止。例如，如果 ``A`` 和" +" ``C`` 为真，``B`` 为假，那么 ``A and B and C`` 不会对 ``C`` " +"求值。用作普通值而不是布尔值时，短路运算符的返回值通常是最后一个求了值的参数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:685 +msgid "" +"It is possible to assign the result of a comparison or other Boolean " +"expression to a variable. For example, ::" +msgstr "还可以把比较运算或其它布尔表达式的结果赋值给变量，例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:688 +msgid "" +">>> string1, string2, string3 = '', 'Trondheim', 'Hammer Dance'\n" +">>> non_null = string1 or string2 or string3\n" +">>> non_null\n" +"'Trondheim'" +msgstr "" +">>> string1, string2, string3 = '', 'Trondheim', 'Hammer Dance'\n" +">>> non_null = string1 or string2 or string3\n" +">>> non_null\n" +"'Trondheim'" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:693 +msgid "" +"Note that in Python, unlike C, assignment inside expressions must be done " +"explicitly with the :ref:`walrus operator ` ``:=``. This avoids a common class of problems encountered " +"in C programs: typing ``=`` in an expression when ``==`` was intended." +msgstr "" +"注意，Python 与 C 不同，在表达式内部赋值必须显式使用 :ref:`海象运算符 ` ``:=``。 这避免了 C 程序中常见的问题：要在表达式中写 ``==`` 时，却写成了 ``=``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:703 +msgid "Comparing Sequences and Other Types" +msgstr "序列和其他类型的比较" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Sequence objects typically may be compared to other objects with the same " +"sequence type. The comparison uses *lexicographical* ordering: first the " +"first two items are compared, and if they differ this determines the outcome" +" of the comparison; if they are equal, the next two items are compared, and " +"so on, until either sequence is exhausted. If two items to be compared are " +"themselves sequences of the same type, the lexicographical comparison is " +"carried out recursively. If all items of two sequences compare equal, the " +"sequences are considered equal. If one sequence is an initial sub-sequence " +"of the other, the shorter sequence is the smaller (lesser) one. " +"Lexicographical ordering for strings uses the Unicode code point number to " +"order individual characters. Some examples of comparisons between sequences " +"of the same type::" +msgstr "" +"序列对象可以与相同序列类型的其他对象比较。这种比较使用 *字典式* " +"顺序：首先，比较前两个对应元素，如果不相等，则可确定比较结果；如果相等，则比较之后的两个元素，以此类推，直到其中一个序列结束。如果要比较的两个元素本身是相同类型的序列，则递归地执行字典式顺序比较。如果两个序列中所有的对应元素都相等，则两个序列相等。如果一个序列是另一个的初始子序列，则较短的序列可被视为较小（较少）的序列。" +" 对于字符串来说，字典式顺序使用 Unicode 码位序号排序单个字符。下面列出了一些比较相同类型序列的例子：" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:716 +msgid "" +"(1, 2, 3) < (1, 2, 4)\n" +"[1, 2, 3] < [1, 2, 4]\n" +"'ABC' < 'C' < 'Pascal' < 'Python'\n" +"(1, 2, 3, 4) < (1, 2, 4)\n" +"(1, 2) < (1, 2, -1)\n" +"(1, 2, 3) == (1.0, 2.0, 3.0)\n" +"(1, 2, ('aa', 'ab')) < (1, 2, ('abc', 'a'), 4)" +msgstr "" +"(1, 2, 3) < (1, 2, 4)\n" +"[1, 2, 3] < [1, 2, 4]\n" +"'ABC' < 'C' < 'Pascal' < 'Python'\n" +"(1, 2, 3, 4) < (1, 2, 4)\n" +"(1, 2) < (1, 2, -1)\n" +"(1, 2, 3) == (1.0, 2.0, 3.0)\n" +"(1, 2, ('aa', 'ab')) < (1, 2, ('abc', 'a'), 4)" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:724 +msgid "" +"Note that comparing objects of different types with ``<`` or ``>`` is legal " +"provided that the objects have appropriate comparison methods. For example," +" mixed numeric types are compared according to their numeric value, so 0 " +"equals 0.0, etc. Otherwise, rather than providing an arbitrary ordering, " +"the interpreter will raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception." +msgstr "" +"注意，当比较不同类型的对象时，只要待比较的对象提供了合适的比较方法，就可以使用 ``<`` 和 ``>`` " +"进行比较。例如，混合的数字类型通过数字值进行比较，所以，0 等于 0.0，等等。如果没有提供合适的比较方法，解释器不会随便给出一个比较结果，而是引发 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:732 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:733 +msgid "" +"Other languages may return the mutated object, which allows method chaining," +" such as ``d->insert(\"a\")->remove(\"b\")->sort();``." +msgstr "别的语言可能会将可变对象返回，允许方法连续执行，例如 ``d->insert(\"a\")->remove(\"b\")->sort();``。" diff --git a/tutorial/errors.po b/tutorial/errors.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7f4bb786 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/errors.po @@ -0,0 +1,1370 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# Larry Wang , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:5 +msgid "Errors and Exceptions" +msgstr "错误和异常" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Until now error messages haven't been more than mentioned, but if you have " +"tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) " +"two distinguishable kinds of errors: *syntax errors* and *exceptions*." +msgstr "" +"至此，本教程还未深入介绍错误信息，但如果您尝试过本教程前文中的例子，应该已经看到过一些错误信息。错误可（至少）被分为两种：*语法错误* 和 *异常*。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:15 +msgid "Syntax Errors" +msgstr "语法错误" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common " +"kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python::" +msgstr "语法错误又称解析错误，是学习 Python 时最常见的错误：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:20 +msgid "" +">>> while True print('Hello world')\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" while True print('Hello world')\n" +" ^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax" +msgstr "" +">>> while True print('Hello world')\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" while True print('Hello world')\n" +" ^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:26 +msgid "" +"The parser repeats the offending line and displays little arrows pointing at" +" the place where the error was detected. Note that this is not always the " +"place that needs to be fixed. In the example, the error is detected at the " +"function :func:`print`, since a colon (``':'``) is missing just before it." +msgstr "" +"解析器会重复出错的行并显示指向检测到错误的位置的小箭头。 请注意这并不一定是需要被修复的位置。 在这个例子中，错误在 :func:`print` " +"上被检测到，原因则是在它之前缺少一个冒号 (``':'``)。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:31 +msgid "" +"The file name (```` in our example) and line number are printed so " +"you know where to look in case the input came from a file." +msgstr "将会打印文件名 (在我们的例子中为 ````) 和行号以便你在输入是来自文件时能知道要去哪里查看。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:38 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "异常" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:40 +msgid "" +"Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an " +"error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during " +"execution are called *exceptions* and are not unconditionally fatal: you " +"will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are " +"not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown " +"here::" +msgstr "" +"即使语句或表达式使用了正确的语法，执行时仍可能触发错误。执行时检测到的错误称为 *异常*，异常不一定导致严重的后果：很快我们就能学会如何处理 " +"Python 的异常。大多数异常不会被程序处理，而是显示下列错误信息：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:46 +msgid "" +">>> 10 * (1/0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" 10 * (1/0)\n" +" ~^~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +">>> 4 + spam*3\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" 4 + spam*3\n" +" ^^^^\n" +"NameError: name 'spam' is not defined\n" +">>> '2' + 2\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" '2' + 2\n" +" ~~~~^~~\n" +"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str" +msgstr "" +">>> 10 * (1/0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" 10 * (1/0)\n" +" ~^~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n" +">>> 4 + spam*3\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" 4 + spam*3\n" +" ^^^^\n" +"NameError: name 'spam' is not defined\n" +">>> '2' + 2\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" '2' + 2\n" +" ~~~~^~~\n" +"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions come " +"in different types, and the type is printed as part of the message: the " +"types in the example are :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, :exc:`NameError` and " +":exc:`TypeError`. The string printed as the exception type is the name of " +"the built-in exception that occurred. This is true for all built-in " +"exceptions, but need not be true for user-defined exceptions (although it is" +" a useful convention). Standard exception names are built-in identifiers " +"(not reserved keywords)." +msgstr "" +"错误信息的最后一行说明程序遇到了什么类型的错误。异常有不同的类型，而类型名称会作为错误信息的一部分中打印出来：上述示例中的异常类型依次是：:exc:`ZeroDivisionError`，" +" :exc:`NameError` 和 " +":exc:`TypeError`。作为异常类型打印的字符串是发生的内置异常的名称。对于所有内置异常都是如此，但对于用户定义的异常则不一定如此（虽然这种规范很有用）。标准的异常类型是内置的标识符（不是保留关键字）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:73 +msgid "" +"The rest of the line provides detail based on the type of exception and what" +" caused it." +msgstr "此行其余部分根据异常类型，结合出错原因，说明错误细节。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:76 +msgid "" +"The preceding part of the error message shows the context where the " +"exception occurred, in the form of a stack traceback. In general it contains" +" a stack traceback listing source lines; however, it will not display lines " +"read from standard input." +msgstr "错误信息开头用堆栈回溯形式展示发生异常的语境。一般会列出源代码行的堆栈回溯；但不会显示从标准输入读取的行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:81 +msgid "" +":ref:`bltin-exceptions` lists the built-in exceptions and their meanings." +msgstr ":ref:`bltin-exceptions` 列出了内置异常及其含义。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:87 +msgid "Handling Exceptions" +msgstr "异常的处理" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:89 +msgid "" +"It is possible to write programs that handle selected exceptions. Look at " +"the following example, which asks the user for input until a valid integer " +"has been entered, but allows the user to interrupt the program (using " +":kbd:`Control-C` or whatever the operating system supports); note that a " +"user-generated interruption is signalled by raising the " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception. ::" +msgstr "" +"可以编写程序处理选定的异常。下例会要求用户一直输入内容，直到输入有效的整数，但允许用户中断程序（使用 :kbd:`Control-C` " +"或操作系统支持的其他操作）；注意，用户中断程序会触发 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 异常。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:95 +msgid "" +">>> while True:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... x = int(input(\"Please enter a number: \"))\n" +"... break\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... print(\"Oops! That was no valid number. Try again...\")\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> while True:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... x = int(input(\"Please enter a number: \"))\n" +"... break\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... print(\"Oops! That was no valid number. Try again...\")\n" +"..." + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:103 +msgid "The :keyword:`try` statement works as follows." +msgstr ":keyword:`try` 语句的工作原理如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:105 +msgid "" +"First, the *try clause* (the statement(s) between the :keyword:`try` and " +":keyword:`except` keywords) is executed." +msgstr "首先，执行 *try 子句* （:keyword:`try` 和 :keyword:`except` 关键字之间的（多行）语句）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:108 +msgid "" +"If no exception occurs, the *except clause* is skipped and execution of the " +":keyword:`try` statement is finished." +msgstr "如果没有触发异常，则跳过 *except 子句*，:keyword:`try` 语句执行完毕。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:111 +msgid "" +"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`try` clause, the " +"rest of the clause is skipped. Then, if its type matches the exception " +"named after the :keyword:`except` keyword, the *except clause* is executed, " +"and then execution continues after the try/except block." +msgstr "" +"如果在执行 :keyword:`try` 子句时发生了异常，则跳过该子句中剩下的部分。 如果异常的类型与 :keyword:`except` " +"关键字后指定的异常相匹配，则会执行 *except 子句*，然后跳到 try/except 代码块之后继续执行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:116 +msgid "" +"If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the " +"*except clause*, it is passed on to outer :keyword:`try` statements; if no " +"handler is found, it is an *unhandled exception* and execution stops with an" +" error message." +msgstr "" +"如果发生的异常与 *except 子句* 中指定的异常不匹配，则它会被传递到外层的 :keyword:`try` 语句中；如果没有找到处理器，则它是一个" +" *未处理异常* 且执行将停止并输出一条错误消息。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:120 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`try` statement may have more than one *except clause*, to " +"specify handlers for different exceptions. At most one handler will be " +"executed. Handlers only handle exceptions that occur in the corresponding " +"*try clause*, not in other handlers of the same :keyword:`!try` statement. " +"An *except clause* may name multiple exceptions as a parenthesized tuple, " +"for example::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`try` 语句可以有多个 *except 子句* 来为不同的异常指定处理程序。 但最多只有一个处理程序会被执行。 " +"处理程序只处理对应的 *try 子句* 中发生的异常，而不处理同一 :keyword:`!try` 语句内其他处理程序中的异常。 *except 子句*" +" 可以用带圆括号的元组来指定多个异常，例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:126 +msgid "" +"... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):\n" +"... pass" +msgstr "" +"... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):\n" +"... pass" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:129 +msgid "" +"A class in an :keyword:`except` clause matches exceptions which are " +"instances of the class itself or one of its derived classes (but not the " +"other way around --- an *except clause* listing a derived class does not " +"match instances of its base classes). For example, the following code will " +"print B, C, D in that order::" +msgstr "" +"一个 :keyword:`except` 子句中的类匹配的异常将是该类本身的实例或其所派生的类的实例（但反过来则不可以 --- 列出派生类的 " +"*except 子句* 不会匹配其基类的实例）。 例如，下面的代码将依次打印 B, C, D::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:134 +msgid "" +"class B(Exception):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class C(B):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class D(C):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"for cls in [B, C, D]:\n" +" try:\n" +" raise cls()\n" +" except D:\n" +" print(\"D\")\n" +" except C:\n" +" print(\"C\")\n" +" except B:\n" +" print(\"B\")" +msgstr "" +"class B(Exception):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class C(B):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class D(C):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"for cls in [B, C, D]:\n" +" try:\n" +" raise cls()\n" +" except D:\n" +" print(\"D\")\n" +" except C:\n" +" print(\"C\")\n" +" except B:\n" +" print(\"B\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Note that if the *except clauses* were reversed (with ``except B`` first), " +"it would have printed B, B, B --- the first matching *except clause* is " +"triggered." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果颠倒 *except 子句* 的顺序（把 ``except B`` 放在最前），则会输出 B, B, B --- 即触发了第一个匹配的 " +"*except 子句*。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:156 +msgid "" +"When an exception occurs, it may have associated values, also known as the " +"exception's *arguments*. The presence and types of the arguments depend on " +"the exception type." +msgstr "发生异常时，它可能具有关联值，即异常 *参数* 。是否需要参数，以及参数的类型取决于异常的类型。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:160 +msgid "" +"The *except clause* may specify a variable after the exception name. The " +"variable is bound to the exception instance which typically has an ``args`` " +"attribute that stores the arguments. For convenience, builtin exception " +"types define :meth:`~object.__str__` to print all the arguments without " +"explicitly accessing ``.args``. ::" +msgstr "" +"*except 子句* 可能会在异常名称后面指定一个变量。 这个变量将被绑定到异常实例，该实例通常会有一个存储参数的 ``args`` 属性。 " +"为了方便起见，内置异常类型定义了 :meth:`~object.__str__` 来打印所有参数而不必显式地访问 ``.args``。 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:166 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"... except Exception as inst:\n" +"... print(type(inst)) # the exception type\n" +"... print(inst.args) # arguments stored in .args\n" +"... print(inst) # __str__ allows args to be printed directly,\n" +"... # but may be overridden in exception subclasses\n" +"... x, y = inst.args # unpack args\n" +"... print('x =', x)\n" +"... print('y =', y)\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +"('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"x = spam\n" +"y = eggs" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"... except Exception as inst:\n" +"... print(type(inst)) # 异常的类型\n" +"... print(inst.args) # 参数保存在 .args 中\n" +"... print(inst) # __str__ 允许 args 被直接打印，\n" +"... # 但可能在异常子类中被覆盖\n" +"... x, y = inst.args # 解包 args\n" +"... print('x =', x)\n" +"... print('y =', y)\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +"('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"('spam', 'eggs')\n" +"x = spam\n" +"y = eggs" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:183 +msgid "" +"The exception's :meth:`~object.__str__` output is printed as the last part " +"('detail') of the message for unhandled exceptions." +msgstr "未处理异常的 :meth:`~object.__str__` 输出会被打印为该异常消息的最后部分 ('detail')。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:186 +msgid "" +":exc:`BaseException` is the common base class of all exceptions. One of its " +"subclasses, :exc:`Exception`, is the base class of all the non-fatal " +"exceptions. Exceptions which are not subclasses of :exc:`Exception` are not " +"typically handled, because they are used to indicate that the program should" +" terminate. They include :exc:`SystemExit` which is raised by " +":meth:`sys.exit` and :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` which is raised when a user " +"wishes to interrupt the program." +msgstr "" +":exc:`BaseException` 是所有异常的共同基类。它的一个子类， :exc:`Exception` ，是所有非致命异常的基类。不是 " +":exc:`Exception` 的子类的异常通常不被处理，因为它们被用来指示程序应该终止。它们包括由 :meth:`sys.exit` 引发的 " +":exc:`SystemExit` ，以及当用户希望中断程序时引发的 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:194 +msgid "" +":exc:`Exception` can be used as a wildcard that catches (almost) everything." +" However, it is good practice to be as specific as possible with the types " +"of exceptions that we intend to handle, and to allow any unexpected " +"exceptions to propagate on." +msgstr "" +":exc:`Exception` " +"可以被用作通配符，捕获（几乎）一切。然而，好的做法是，尽可能具体地说明我们打算处理的异常类型，并允许任何意外的异常传播下去。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:199 +msgid "" +"The most common pattern for handling :exc:`Exception` is to print or log the" +" exception and then re-raise it (allowing a caller to handle the exception " +"as well)::" +msgstr "处理 :exc:`Exception` 最常见的模式是打印或记录异常，然后重新提出（允许调用者也处理异常）::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:203 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" f = open('myfile.txt')\n" +" s = f.readline()\n" +" i = int(s.strip())\n" +"except OSError as err:\n" +" print(\"OS error:\", err)\n" +"except ValueError:\n" +" print(\"Could not convert data to an integer.\")\n" +"except Exception as err:\n" +" print(f\"Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}\")\n" +" raise" +msgstr "" +"import sys\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" f = open('myfile.txt')\n" +" s = f.readline()\n" +" i = int(s.strip())\n" +"except OSError as err:\n" +" print(\"OS error:\", err)\n" +"except ValueError:\n" +" print(\"Could not convert data to an integer.\")\n" +"except Exception as err:\n" +" print(f\"Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}\")\n" +" raise" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:217 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` statement has an optional *else " +"clause*, which, when present, must follow all *except clauses*. It is " +"useful for code that must be executed if the *try clause* does not raise an " +"exception. For example::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` 语句具有可选的 *else 子句*，该子句如果存在，它必须放在所有 " +"*except 子句* 之后。 它适用于 *try 子句* 没有引发异常但又必须要执行的代码。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:222 +msgid "" +"for arg in sys.argv[1:]:\n" +" try:\n" +" f = open(arg, 'r')\n" +" except OSError:\n" +" print('cannot open', arg)\n" +" else:\n" +" print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')\n" +" f.close()" +msgstr "" +"for arg in sys.argv[1:]:\n" +" try:\n" +" f = open(arg, 'r')\n" +" except OSError:\n" +" print('cannot open', arg)\n" +" else:\n" +" print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')\n" +" f.close()" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:231 +msgid "" +"The use of the :keyword:`!else` clause is better than adding additional code" +" to the :keyword:`try` clause because it avoids accidentally catching an " +"exception that wasn't raised by the code being protected by the " +":keyword:`!try` ... :keyword:`!except` statement." +msgstr "" +"使用 :keyword:`!else` 子句比向 :keyword:`try` 子句添加额外的代码要好，可以避免意外捕获非 " +":keyword:`!try` ... :keyword:`!except` 语句保护的代码触发的异常。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Exception handlers do not handle only exceptions that occur immediately in " +"the *try clause*, but also those that occur inside functions that are called" +" (even indirectly) in the *try clause*. For example::" +msgstr "异常处理程序不仅会处理在 *try 子句* 中立刻发生的异常，还会处理在 *try 子句* 中调用（包括间接调用）的函数。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:240 +msgid "" +">>> def this_fails():\n" +"... x = 1/0\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... this_fails()\n" +"... except ZeroDivisionError as err:\n" +"... print('Handling run-time error:', err)\n" +"...\n" +"Handling run-time error: division by zero" +msgstr "" +">>> def this_fails():\n" +"... x = 1/0\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... this_fails()\n" +"... except ZeroDivisionError as err:\n" +"... print('Handling run-time error:', err)\n" +"...\n" +"Handling run-time error: division by zero" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:254 +msgid "Raising Exceptions" +msgstr "触发异常" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:256 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`raise` statement allows the programmer to force a specified " +"exception to occur. For example::" +msgstr ":keyword:`raise` 语句支持强制触发指定的异常。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:259 +msgid "" +">>> raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"NameError: HiThere" +msgstr "" +">>> raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"NameError: HiThere" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:265 +msgid "" +"The sole argument to :keyword:`raise` indicates the exception to be raised. " +"This must be either an exception instance or an exception class (a class " +"that derives from :class:`BaseException`, such as :exc:`Exception` or one of" +" its subclasses). If an exception class is passed, it will be implicitly " +"instantiated by calling its constructor with no arguments::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`raise` 唯一的参数就是要触发的异常。这个参数必须是异常实例或异常类（派生自 :class:`BaseException` " +"类，例如 :exc:`Exception` 或其子类）。如果传递的是异常类，将通过调用没有参数的构造函数来隐式实例化：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:271 +msgid "raise ValueError # shorthand for 'raise ValueError()'" +msgstr "raise ValueError # 'raise ValueError()' 的简化" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:273 +msgid "" +"If you need to determine whether an exception was raised but don't intend to" +" handle it, a simpler form of the :keyword:`raise` statement allows you to " +"re-raise the exception::" +msgstr "如果只想判断是否触发了异常，但并不打算处理该异常，则可以使用更简单的 :keyword:`raise` 语句重新触发异常：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:277 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"... except NameError:\n" +"... print('An exception flew by!')\n" +"... raise\n" +"...\n" +"An exception flew by!\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"NameError: HiThere" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"... except NameError:\n" +"... print('An exception flew by!')\n" +"... raise\n" +"...\n" +"An exception flew by!\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" raise NameError('HiThere')\n" +"NameError: HiThere" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:293 +msgid "Exception Chaining" +msgstr "异常链" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:295 +msgid "" +"If an unhandled exception occurs inside an :keyword:`except` section, it " +"will have the exception being handled attached to it and included in the " +"error message::" +msgstr "如果一个未处理的异常发生在 :keyword:`except` 部分内，它将会有被处理的异常附加到它上面，并包括在错误信息中::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:299 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... open(\"database.sqlite\")\n" +"... except OSError:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" open(\"database.sqlite\")\n" +" ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n" +"RuntimeError: unable to handle error" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... open(\"database.sqlite\")\n" +"... except OSError:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" open(\"database.sqlite\")\n" +" ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n" +"RuntimeError: unable to handle error" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:317 +msgid "" +"To indicate that an exception is a direct consequence of another, the " +":keyword:`raise` statement allows an optional :keyword:`from` " +"clause::" +msgstr "" +"为了表明一个异常是另一个异常的直接后果， :keyword:`raise` 语句允许一个可选的 :keyword:`from` 子句::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:320 +msgid "" +"# exc must be exception instance or None.\n" +"raise RuntimeError from exc" +msgstr "" +"# exc 必须为异常实例或为 None。\n" +"raise RuntimeError from exc" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:323 +msgid "This can be useful when you are transforming exceptions. For example::" +msgstr "转换异常时，这种方式很有用。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:325 +msgid "" +">>> def func():\n" +"... raise ConnectionError\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... func()\n" +"... except ConnectionError as exc:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" func()\n" +" ~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in func\n" +"ConnectionError\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n" +"RuntimeError: Failed to open database" +msgstr "" +">>> def func():\n" +"... raise ConnectionError\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... func()\n" +"... except ConnectionError as exc:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" func()\n" +" ~~~~^^\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in func\n" +"ConnectionError\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n" +"RuntimeError: Failed to open database" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:347 +msgid "" +"It also allows disabling automatic exception chaining using the ``from " +"None`` idiom::" +msgstr "它还允许使用 ``from None`` 表达禁用自动异常链::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:350 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... open('database.sqlite')\n" +"... except OSError:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError from None\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError from None\n" +"RuntimeError" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... open('database.sqlite')\n" +"... except OSError:\n" +"... raise RuntimeError from None\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 4, in \n" +" raise RuntimeError from None\n" +"RuntimeError" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:360 +msgid "" +"For more information about chaining mechanics, see :ref:`bltin-exceptions`." +msgstr "异常链机制详见 :ref:`bltin-exceptions`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:366 +msgid "User-defined Exceptions" +msgstr "用户自定义异常" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Programs may name their own exceptions by creating a new exception class " +"(see :ref:`tut-classes` for more about Python classes). Exceptions should " +"typically be derived from the :exc:`Exception` class, either directly or " +"indirectly." +msgstr "" +"程序可以通过创建新的异常类命名自己的异常（Python 类的内容详见 :ref:`tut-classes`）。不论是以直接还是间接的方式，异常都应从 " +":exc:`Exception` 类派生。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:372 +msgid "" +"Exception classes can be defined which do anything any other class can do, " +"but are usually kept simple, often only offering a number of attributes that" +" allow information about the error to be extracted by handlers for the " +"exception." +msgstr "异常类可以被定义成能做其他类所能做的任何事，但通常应当保持简单，它往往只提供一些属性，允许相应的异常处理程序提取有关错误的信息。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Most exceptions are defined with names that end in \"Error\", similar to the" +" naming of the standard exceptions." +msgstr "大多数异常命名都以 “Error” 结尾，类似标准异常的命名。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Many standard modules define their own exceptions to report errors that may " +"occur in functions they define." +msgstr "许多标准模块定义了自己的异常，以报告他们定义的函数中可能出现的错误。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:386 +msgid "Defining Clean-up Actions" +msgstr "定义清理操作" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:388 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`try` statement has another optional clause which is intended " +"to define clean-up actions that must be executed under all circumstances. " +"For example::" +msgstr ":keyword:`try` 语句还有一个可选子句，用于定义在所有情况下都必须要执行的清理操作。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:392 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise KeyboardInterrupt\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... print('Goodbye, world!')\n" +"...\n" +"Goodbye, world!\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" raise KeyboardInterrupt\n" +"KeyboardInterrupt" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise KeyboardInterrupt\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... print('Goodbye, world!')\n" +"...\n" +"Goodbye, world!\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" raise KeyboardInterrupt\n" +"KeyboardInterrupt" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:403 +msgid "" +"If a :keyword:`finally` clause is present, the :keyword:`!finally` clause " +"will execute as the last task before the :keyword:`try` statement completes." +" The :keyword:`!finally` clause runs whether or not the :keyword:`!try` " +"statement produces an exception. The following points discuss more complex " +"cases when an exception occurs:" +msgstr "" +"如果存在 :keyword:`finally` 子句，则 :keyword:`!finally` 子句是 :keyword:`try` " +"语句结束前执行的最后一项任务。不论 :keyword:`!try` 语句是否触发异常，都会执行 :keyword:`!finally` " +"子句。以下内容介绍了几种比较复杂的触发异常情景：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:409 +msgid "" +"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`!try` clause, the " +"exception may be handled by an :keyword:`except` clause. If the exception is" +" not handled by an :keyword:`!except` clause, the exception is re-raised " +"after the :keyword:`!finally` clause has been executed." +msgstr "" +"如果执行 :keyword:`!try` 子句期间触发了某个异常，则某个 :keyword:`except` 子句应处理该异常。如果该异常没有 " +":keyword:`!except` 子句处理，在 :keyword:`!finally` 子句执行后会被重新触发。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:415 +msgid "" +"An exception could occur during execution of an :keyword:`!except` or " +":keyword:`!else` clause. Again, the exception is re-raised after the " +":keyword:`!finally` clause has been executed." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`!except` 或 :keyword:`!else` 子句执行期间也会触发异常。 同样，该异常会在 " +":keyword:`!finally` 子句执行之后被重新触发。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:419 +msgid "" +"If the :keyword:`!finally` clause executes a :keyword:`break`, " +":keyword:`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, exceptions are not re-" +"raised." +msgstr "" +"如果 :keyword:`!finally` 子句中包含 :keyword:`break`、:keyword:`continue` 或 " +":keyword:`return` 等语句，异常将不会被重新引发。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:423 +msgid "" +"If the :keyword:`!try` statement reaches a :keyword:`break`, " +":keyword:`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, the :keyword:`!finally` " +"clause will execute just prior to the :keyword:`!break`, " +":keyword:`!continue` or :keyword:`!return` statement's execution." +msgstr "" +"如果执行 :keyword:`!try` 语句时遇到 :keyword:`break`,、:keyword:`continue` 或 " +":keyword:`return` 语句，则 :keyword:`!finally` 子句在执行 " +":keyword:`!break`、:keyword:`!continue` 或 :keyword:`!return` 语句之前执行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:429 +msgid "" +"If a :keyword:`!finally` clause includes a :keyword:`!return` statement, the" +" returned value will be the one from the :keyword:`!finally` clause's " +":keyword:`!return` statement, not the value from the :keyword:`!try` " +"clause's :keyword:`!return` statement." +msgstr "" +"如果 :keyword:`!finally` 子句中包含 :keyword:`!return` 语句，则返回值来自 " +":keyword:`!finally` 子句的某个 :keyword:`!return` 语句的返回值，而不是来自 :keyword:`!try` " +"子句的 :keyword:`!return` 语句的返回值。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:435 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:437 +msgid "" +">>> def bool_return():\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return True\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... return False\n" +"...\n" +">>> bool_return()\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> def bool_return():\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return True\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... return False\n" +"...\n" +">>> bool_return()\n" +"False" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:446 +msgid "A more complicated example::" +msgstr "这是一个比较复杂的例子：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:448 +msgid "" +">>> def divide(x, y):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... result = x / y\n" +"... except ZeroDivisionError:\n" +"... print(\"division by zero!\")\n" +"... else:\n" +"... print(\"result is\", result)\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... print(\"executing finally clause\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> divide(2, 1)\n" +"result is 2.0\n" +"executing finally clause\n" +">>> divide(2, 0)\n" +"division by zero!\n" +"executing finally clause\n" +">>> divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n" +"executing finally clause\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n" +" ~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"\", line 3, in divide\n" +" result = x / y\n" +" ~~^~~\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'" +msgstr "" +">>> def divide(x, y):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... result = x / y\n" +"... except ZeroDivisionError:\n" +"... print(\"division by zero!\")\n" +"... else:\n" +"... print(\"result is\", result)\n" +"... finally:\n" +"... print(\"executing finally clause\")\n" +"...\n" +">>> divide(2, 1)\n" +"result is 2.0\n" +"executing finally clause\n" +">>> divide(2, 0)\n" +"division by zero!\n" +"executing finally clause\n" +">>> divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n" +"executing finally clause\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n" +" ~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"\", line 3, in divide\n" +" result = x / y\n" +" ~~^~~\n" +"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:475 +msgid "" +"As you can see, the :keyword:`finally` clause is executed in any event. The" +" :exc:`TypeError` raised by dividing two strings is not handled by the " +":keyword:`except` clause and therefore re-raised after the " +":keyword:`!finally` clause has been executed." +msgstr "" +"如上所示，任何情况下都会执行 :keyword:`finally` 子句。:keyword:`except` 子句不处理两个字符串相除触发的 " +":exc:`TypeError`，因此会在 :keyword:`!finally` 子句执行后被重新触发。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:480 +msgid "" +"In real world applications, the :keyword:`finally` clause is useful for " +"releasing external resources (such as files or network connections), " +"regardless of whether the use of the resource was successful." +msgstr "在实际应用程序中，:keyword:`finally` 子句对于释放外部资源（例如文件或者网络连接）非常有用，无论是否成功使用资源。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:488 +msgid "Predefined Clean-up Actions" +msgstr "预定义的清理操作" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:490 +msgid "" +"Some objects define standard clean-up actions to be undertaken when the " +"object is no longer needed, regardless of whether or not the operation using" +" the object succeeded or failed. Look at the following example, which tries " +"to open a file and print its contents to the screen. ::" +msgstr "" +"某些对象定义了不需要该对象时要执行的标准清理操作。无论使用该对象的操作是否成功，都会执行清理操作。比如，下例要打开一个文件，并输出文件内容：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:495 +msgid "" +"for line in open(\"myfile.txt\"):\n" +" print(line, end=\"\")" +msgstr "" +"for line in open(\"myfile.txt\"):\n" +" print(line, end=\"\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:498 +msgid "" +"The problem with this code is that it leaves the file open for an " +"indeterminate amount of time after this part of the code has finished " +"executing. This is not an issue in simple scripts, but can be a problem for " +"larger applications. The :keyword:`with` statement allows objects like files" +" to be used in a way that ensures they are always cleaned up promptly and " +"correctly. ::" +msgstr "" +"这个代码的问题在于，执行完代码后，文件在一段不确定的时间内处于打开状态。在简单脚本中这没有问题，但对于较大的应用程序来说可能会出问题。:keyword:`with`" +" 语句支持以及时、正确的清理的方式使用文件对象：" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:504 +msgid "" +"with open(\"myfile.txt\") as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print(line, end=\"\")" +msgstr "" +"with open(\"myfile.txt\") as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print(line, end=\"\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:508 +msgid "" +"After the statement is executed, the file *f* is always closed, even if a " +"problem was encountered while processing the lines. Objects which, like " +"files, provide predefined clean-up actions will indicate this in their " +"documentation." +msgstr "语句执行完毕后，即使在处理行时遇到问题，都会关闭文件 *f*。和文件一样，支持预定义清理操作的对象会在文档中指出这一点。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:516 +msgid "Raising and Handling Multiple Unrelated Exceptions" +msgstr "引发和处理多个不相关的异常" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:518 +msgid "" +"There are situations where it is necessary to report several exceptions that" +" have occurred. This is often the case in concurrency frameworks, when " +"several tasks may have failed in parallel, but there are also other use " +"cases where it is desirable to continue execution and collect multiple " +"errors rather than raise the first exception." +msgstr "" +"在有些情况下，有必要报告几个已经发生的异常。这通常是在并发框架中当几个任务并行失败时的情况，但也有其他的用例，有时需要是继续执行并收集多个错误而不是引发第一个异常。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:524 +msgid "" +"The builtin :exc:`ExceptionGroup` wraps a list of exception instances so " +"that they can be raised together. It is an exception itself, so it can be " +"caught like any other exception. ::" +msgstr "" +"内置的 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` " +"打包了一个异常实例的列表，这样它们就可以一起被引发。它本身就是一个异常，所以它可以像其他异常一样被捕获。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:528 +msgid "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... excs = [OSError('error 1'), SystemError('error 2')]\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup('there were problems', excs)\n" +"...\n" +">>> f()\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in f\n" +" | raise ExceptionGroup('there were problems', excs)\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: there were problems (2 sub-exceptions)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | OSError: error 1\n" +" +---------------- 2 ----------------\n" +" | SystemError: error 2\n" +" +------------------------------------\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... f()\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... print(f'caught {type(e)}: e')\n" +"...\n" +"caught : e\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... excs = [OSError('error 1'), SystemError('error 2')]\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup('there were problems', excs)\n" +"...\n" +">>> f()\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in f\n" +" | raise ExceptionGroup('there were problems', excs)\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: there were problems (2 sub-exceptions)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | OSError: error 1\n" +" +---------------- 2 ----------------\n" +" | SystemError: error 2\n" +" +------------------------------------\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... f()\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... print(f'caught {type(e)}: e')\n" +"...\n" +"caught : e\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:553 +msgid "" +"By using ``except*`` instead of ``except``, we can selectively handle only " +"the exceptions in the group that match a certain type. In the following " +"example, which shows a nested exception group, each ``except*`` clause " +"extracts from the group exceptions of a certain type while letting all other" +" exceptions propagate to other clauses and eventually to be reraised. ::" +msgstr "" +"通过使用 ``except*`` 代替 ``except`` " +"，我们可以有选择地只处理组中符合某种类型的异常。在下面的例子中，显示了一个嵌套的异常组，每个 ``except*`` " +"子句都从组中提取了某种类型的异常，而让所有其他的异常传播到其他子句，并最终被重新引发。" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:560 +msgid "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup(\n" +"... \"group1\",\n" +"... [\n" +"... OSError(1),\n" +"... SystemError(2),\n" +"... ExceptionGroup(\n" +"... \"group2\",\n" +"... [\n" +"... OSError(3),\n" +"... RecursionError(4)\n" +"... ]\n" +"... )\n" +"... ]\n" +"... )\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... f()\n" +"... except* OSError as e:\n" +"... print(\"There were OSErrors\")\n" +"... except* SystemError as e:\n" +"... print(\"There were SystemErrors\")\n" +"...\n" +"There were OSErrors\n" +"There were SystemErrors\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise ExceptionGroup(\n" +" | ...<12 lines>...\n" +" | )\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: group1 (1 sub-exception)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: group2 (1 sub-exception)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | RecursionError: 4\n" +" +------------------------------------\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup(\n" +"... \"group1\",\n" +"... [\n" +"... OSError(1),\n" +"... SystemError(2),\n" +"... ExceptionGroup(\n" +"... \"group2\",\n" +"... [\n" +"... OSError(3),\n" +"... RecursionError(4)\n" +"... ]\n" +"... )\n" +"... ]\n" +"... )\n" +"...\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... f()\n" +"... except* OSError as e:\n" +"... print(\"There were OSErrors\")\n" +"... except* SystemError as e:\n" +"... print(\"There were SystemErrors\")\n" +"...\n" +"There were OSErrors\n" +"There were SystemErrors\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise ExceptionGroup(\n" +" | ...<12 lines>...\n" +" | )\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: group1 (1 sub-exception)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: group2 (1 sub-exception)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | RecursionError: 4\n" +" +------------------------------------\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:601 +msgid "" +"Note that the exceptions nested in an exception group must be instances, not" +" types. This is because in practice the exceptions would typically be ones " +"that have already been raised and caught by the program, along the following" +" pattern::" +msgstr "注意，嵌套在一个异常组中的异常必须是实例，而不是类型。这是因为在实践中，这些异常通常是那些已经被程序提出并捕获的异常，其模式如下::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:606 +msgid "" +">>> excs = []\n" +"... for test in tests:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... test.run()\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... excs.append(e)\n" +"...\n" +">>> if excs:\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup(\"Test Failures\", excs)\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> excs = []\n" +"... for test in tests:\n" +"... try:\n" +"... test.run()\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... excs.append(e)\n" +"...\n" +">>> if excs:\n" +"... raise ExceptionGroup(\"Test Failures\", excs)\n" +"..." + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:621 +msgid "Enriching Exceptions with Notes" +msgstr "用注释细化异常情况" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:623 +msgid "" +"When an exception is created in order to be raised, it is usually " +"initialized with information that describes the error that has occurred. " +"There are cases where it is useful to add information after the exception " +"was caught. For this purpose, exceptions have a method ``add_note(note)`` " +"that accepts a string and adds it to the exception's notes list. The " +"standard traceback rendering includes all notes, in the order they were " +"added, after the exception. ::" +msgstr "" +"当一个异常被创建以引发时，它通常被初始化为描述所发生错误的信息。在有些情况下，在异常被捕获后添加信息是很有用的。为了这个目的，异常有一个 " +"``add_note(note)`` 方法接受一个字符串，并将其添加到异常的注释列表。标准的回溯在异常之后按照它们被添加的顺序呈现包括所有的注释。 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:630 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise TypeError('bad type')\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... e.add_note('Add some information')\n" +"... e.add_note('Add some more information')\n" +"... raise\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" raise TypeError('bad type')\n" +"TypeError: bad type\n" +"Add some information\n" +"Add some more information\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... raise TypeError('bad type')\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... e.add_note('Add some information')\n" +"... e.add_note('Add some more information')\n" +"... raise\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in \n" +" raise TypeError('bad type')\n" +"TypeError: bad type\n" +"Add some information\n" +"Add some more information\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:645 +msgid "" +"For example, when collecting exceptions into an exception group, we may want" +" to add context information for the individual errors. In the following each" +" exception in the group has a note indicating when this error has occurred. " +"::" +msgstr "" +"例如，当把异常收集到一个异常组时，我们可能想为各个错误添加上下文信息。在下文中，组中的每个异常都有一个说明，指出这个错误是什么时候发生的。 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:649 +msgid "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +"...\n" +">>> excs = []\n" +">>> for i in range(3):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... f()\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... e.add_note(f'Happened in Iteration {i+1}')\n" +"... excs.append(e)\n" +"...\n" +">>> raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" | raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: We have some problems (3 sub-exceptions)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +" | OSError: operation failed\n" +" | Happened in Iteration 1\n" +" +---------------- 2 ----------------\n" +" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +" | OSError: operation failed\n" +" | Happened in Iteration 2\n" +" +---------------- 3 ----------------\n" +" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +" | OSError: operation failed\n" +" | Happened in Iteration 3\n" +" +------------------------------------\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> def f():\n" +"... raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +"...\n" +">>> excs = []\n" +">>> for i in range(3):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... f()\n" +"... except Exception as e:\n" +"... e.add_note(f'Happened in Iteration {i+1}')\n" +"... excs.append(e)\n" +"...\n" +">>> raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)\n" +" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" | raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)\n" +" | ExceptionGroup: We have some problems (3 sub-exceptions)\n" +" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n" +" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +" | OSError: operation failed\n" +" | Happened in Iteration 1\n" +" +---------------- 2 ----------------\n" +" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +" | OSError: operation failed\n" +" | Happened in Iteration 2\n" +" +---------------- 3 ----------------\n" +" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" | File \"\", line 3, in \n" +" | f()\n" +" | ~^^\n" +" | File \"\", line 2, in f\n" +" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n" +" | OSError: operation failed\n" +" | Happened in Iteration 3\n" +" +------------------------------------\n" +">>>" diff --git a/tutorial/floatingpoint.po b/tutorial/floatingpoint.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..234e61b37 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/floatingpoint.po @@ -0,0 +1,683 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:10 +msgid "Floating-Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations" +msgstr "浮点算术：争议和限制" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Floating-point numbers are represented in computer hardware as base 2 " +"(binary) fractions. For example, the **decimal** fraction ``0.625`` has " +"value 6/10 + 2/100 + 5/1000, and in the same way the **binary** fraction " +"``0.101`` has value 1/2 + 0/4 + 1/8. These two fractions have identical " +"values, the only real difference being that the first is written in base 10 " +"fractional notation, and the second in base 2." +msgstr "" +"浮点数在计算机硬件中是以基数为 2 (二进制) 的小数来表示的。 例如，**十进制** 小数 ``0.625`` 的值为 6/10 + 2/100 + " +"5/1000，而同样的 **二进制** 小数 ``0.101`` 的值为 1/2 + 0/4 + 1/8。 " +"这两个小数具有相同的值，唯一的区别在于第一个写成了基数为 10 的小数形式，而第二个则写成的基数为 2 的小数形式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Unfortunately, most decimal fractions cannot be represented exactly as " +"binary fractions. A consequence is that, in general, the decimal floating-" +"point numbers you enter are only approximated by the binary floating-point " +"numbers actually stored in the machine." +msgstr "" +"不幸的是，大多数的十进制小数都不能精确地表示为二进制小数。这导致在大多数情况下，你输入的十进制浮点数都只能近似地以二进制浮点数形式储存在计算机中。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:28 +msgid "" +"The problem is easier to understand at first in base 10. Consider the " +"fraction 1/3. You can approximate that as a base 10 fraction::" +msgstr "用十进制来理解这个问题显得更加容易一些。考虑分数 1/3 。我们可以得到它在十进制下的一个近似值 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:31 +msgid "0.3" +msgstr "0.3" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:33 ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:37 +msgid "or, better, ::" +msgstr "或者，更近似的，::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:35 +msgid "0.33" +msgstr "0.33" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:39 +msgid "0.333" +msgstr "0.333" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:41 +msgid "" +"and so on. No matter how many digits you're willing to write down, the " +"result will never be exactly 1/3, but will be an increasingly better " +"approximation of 1/3." +msgstr "以此类推。结果是无论你写下多少的数字，它都永远不会等于 1/3 ，只是更加更加地接近 1/3 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:45 +msgid "" +"In the same way, no matter how many base 2 digits you're willing to use, the" +" decimal value 0.1 cannot be represented exactly as a base 2 fraction. In " +"base 2, 1/10 is the infinitely repeating fraction ::" +msgstr "" +"同样的道理，无论你使用多少位以 2 为基数的数码，十进制的 0.1 都无法精确地表示为一个以 2 为基数的小数。 在以 2 为基数的情况下， 1/10 " +"是一个无限循环小数 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:49 +msgid "0.0001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011..." +msgstr "0.0001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011..." + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Stop at any finite number of bits, and you get an approximation. On most " +"machines today, floats are approximated using a binary fraction with the " +"numerator using the first 53 bits starting with the most significant bit and" +" with the denominator as a power of two. In the case of 1/10, the binary " +"fraction is ``3602879701896397 / 2 ** 55`` which is close to but not exactly" +" equal to the true value of 1/10." +msgstr "" +"在任何一个位置停下，你都只能得到一个近似值。因此，在今天的大部分架构上，浮点数都只能近似地使用二进制小数表示，对应分数的分子使用每 8 字节的前 53 " +"位表示，分母则表示为 2 的幂次。在 1/10 这个例子中，相应的二进制分数是 ``3602879701896397 / 2 ** 55`` ，它很接近" +" 1/10 ，但并不是 1/10 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:58 +msgid "" +"Many users are not aware of the approximation because of the way values are " +"displayed. Python only prints a decimal approximation to the true decimal " +"value of the binary approximation stored by the machine. On most machines, " +"if Python were to print the true decimal value of the binary approximation " +"stored for 0.1, it would have to display::" +msgstr "" +"由于值的显示方式大多数用户都不会意识到这个差异的存在。 Python 只会打印计算机中存储的二进制值的十进制近似值。 在大部分计算机中，如果 " +"Python 要把 0.1 的二进制值对应的准确的十进制值打印出来，将会显示成这样::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:64 +msgid "" +">>> 0.1\n" +"0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625" +msgstr "" +">>> 0.1\n" +"0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:67 +msgid "" +"That is more digits than most people find useful, so Python keeps the number" +" of digits manageable by displaying a rounded value instead:" +msgstr "这比大多数人认为有用的数位更多，因此 Python 通过改为显示舍入值来保留可管理的数位:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:70 +msgid "" +">>> 1 / 10\n" +"0.1" +msgstr "" +">>> 1 / 10\n" +"0.1" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:75 +msgid "" +"Just remember, even though the printed result looks like the exact value of " +"1/10, the actual stored value is the nearest representable binary fraction." +msgstr "牢记，即使输出的结果看起来好像就是 1/10 的精确值，实际储存的值只是最接近 1/10 的计算机可表示的二进制分数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Interestingly, there are many different decimal numbers that share the same " +"nearest approximate binary fraction. For example, the numbers ``0.1`` and " +"``0.10000000000000001`` and " +"``0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625`` are all " +"approximated by ``3602879701896397 / 2 ** 55``. Since all of these decimal " +"values share the same approximation, any one of them could be displayed " +"while still preserving the invariant ``eval(repr(x)) == x``." +msgstr "" +"有趣的是，有许多不同的十进制数共享相同的最接近的近似二进制小数。例如， ``0.1`` 、 ``0.10000000000000001`` 、 " +"``0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625`` 全都近似于 " +"``3602879701896397 / 2 ** 55`` 。由于所有这些十进制值都具有相同的近似值，因此可以显示其中任何一个，同时仍然保留不变的 " +"``eval(repr(x)) == x`` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Historically, the Python prompt and built-in :func:`repr` function would " +"choose the one with 17 significant digits, ``0.10000000000000001``. " +"Starting with Python 3.1, Python (on most systems) is now able to choose the" +" shortest of these and simply display ``0.1``." +msgstr "" +"在历史上，Python 提示符和内置的 :func:`repr` 函数会选择具有 17 位有效数字的来显示，即 " +"``0.10000000000000001``。 从 Python 3.1 开始，Python（在大多数系统上）现在能够选择这些表示中最短的并简单地显示" +" ``0.1`` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:91 +msgid "" +"Note that this is in the very nature of binary floating point: this is not a" +" bug in Python, and it is not a bug in your code either. You'll see the " +"same kind of thing in all languages that support your hardware's floating-" +"point arithmetic (although some languages may not *display* the difference " +"by default, or in all output modes)." +msgstr "" +"请注意这种情况是二进制浮点数的本质特性：它不是 Python 的错误，也不是你代码中的错误。 " +"你会在所有支持你的硬件中的浮点运算的语言中发现同样的情况（虽然某些语言在默认状态或所有输出模块下都不会 *显示* 这种差异）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:97 +msgid "" +"For more pleasant output, you may wish to use string formatting to produce a" +" limited number of significant digits:" +msgstr "想要更美观的输出，你可能会希望使用字符串格式化来产生限定长度的有效位数:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:100 +msgid "" +">>> format(math.pi, '.12g') # give 12 significant digits\n" +"'3.14159265359'\n" +"\n" +">>> format(math.pi, '.2f') # give 2 digits after the point\n" +"'3.14'\n" +"\n" +">>> repr(math.pi)\n" +"'3.141592653589793'" +msgstr "" +">>> format(math.pi, '.12g') # 有 12 个有效数位\n" +"'3.14159265359'\n" +"\n" +">>> format(math.pi, '.2f') # 小数点后有 2 个数位\n" +"'3.14'\n" +"\n" +">>> repr(math.pi)\n" +"'3.141592653589793'" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:111 +msgid "" +"It's important to realize that this is, in a real sense, an illusion: you're" +" simply rounding the *display* of the true machine value." +msgstr "必须重点了解的是，这在实际上只是一个假象：你只是将真正的机器码值进行了舍入操作再 *显示* 而已。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:114 +msgid "" +"One illusion may beget another. For example, since 0.1 is not exactly 1/10," +" summing three values of 0.1 may not yield exactly 0.3, either:" +msgstr "一个假象还可能导致另一个假象。 例如，由于这个 0.1 并非真正的 1/10，将三个 0.1 的值相加也无法恰好得到 0.3:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:117 +msgid "" +">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 0.3\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 0.3\n" +"False" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Also, since the 0.1 cannot get any closer to the exact value of 1/10 and 0.3" +" cannot get any closer to the exact value of 3/10, then pre-rounding with " +":func:`round` function cannot help:" +msgstr "" +"而且，由于这个 0.1 无法精确表示 1/10 而这个 0.3 也无法精确表示 3/10 的值，使用 :func:`round` " +"函数进行预先舍入也是没用的:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:126 +msgid "" +">>> round(0.1, 1) + round(0.1, 1) + round(0.1, 1) == round(0.3, 1)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> round(0.1, 1) + round(0.1, 1) + round(0.1, 1) == round(0.3, 1)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Though the numbers cannot be made closer to their intended exact values, the" +" :func:`math.isclose` function can be useful for comparing inexact values:" +msgstr "虽然这些数字无法精确表示其所要代表的实际值，但是可以使用 :func:`math.isclose` 函数来进行不精确的值比较:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:134 +msgid "" +">>> math.isclose(0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1, 0.3)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> math.isclose(0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1, 0.3)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:139 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, the :func:`round` function can be used to compare rough " +"approximations:" +msgstr "或者，也可以使用 :func:`round` 函数来大致地比较近似程度：" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:142 +msgid "" +">>> round(math.pi, ndigits=2) == round(22 / 7, ndigits=2)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> round(math.pi, ndigits=2) == round(22 / 7, ndigits=2)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Binary floating-point arithmetic holds many surprises like this. The " +"problem with \"0.1\" is explained in precise detail below, in the " +"\"Representation Error\" section. See `Examples of Floating Point Problems " +"`_ for" +" a pleasant summary of how binary floating point works and the kinds of " +"problems commonly encountered in practice. Also see `The Perils of Floating" +" Point `_ for a more complete " +"account of other common surprises." +msgstr "" +"二进制浮点运算会有许多这样令人惊讶的情况。 有关 \"0.1\" 的问题会在下面 \"表示性错误\" 一节中更精确详细地描述。 请参阅 " +"`Examples of Floating Point Problems " +"`_ " +"获取针对二进制浮点运算机制及在实践中各种常见问题的概要说明。 还可参阅 `The Perils of Floating Point " +"`_ 获取其他常见意外现象的更完整介绍。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:156 +msgid "" +"As that says near the end, \"there are no easy answers.\" Still, don't be " +"unduly wary of floating point! The errors in Python float operations are " +"inherited from the floating-point hardware, and on most machines are on the " +"order of no more than 1 part in 2\\*\\*53 per operation. That's more than " +"adequate for most tasks, but you do need to keep in mind that it's not " +"decimal arithmetic and that every float operation can suffer a new rounding " +"error." +msgstr "" +"正如那篇文章的结尾所言，“对此问题并无简单的答案。” 但是也不必过于担心浮点数的问题！ Python " +"浮点运算中的错误是从浮点运算硬件继承而来，而在大多数机器上每次浮点运算得到的 2\\*\\*53 数码位都会被作为 1 个整体来处理。 " +"这对大多数任务来说都已足够，但你确实需要记住它并非十进制算术，且每次浮点运算都可能会导致新的舍入错误。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:163 +msgid "" +"While pathological cases do exist, for most casual use of floating-point " +"arithmetic you'll see the result you expect in the end if you simply round " +"the display of your final results to the number of decimal digits you " +"expect. :func:`str` usually suffices, and for finer control see the " +":meth:`str.format` method's format specifiers in :ref:`formatstrings`." +msgstr "" +"虽然病态的情况确实存在，但对于大多数正常的浮点运算使用来说，你只需简单地将最终显示的结果舍入为你期望的十进制数值即可得到你期望的结果。 " +":func:`str` 通常已足够，对于更精度的控制可参看 :ref:`formatstrings` 中 :meth:`str.format` " +"方法的格式描述符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:169 +msgid "" +"For use cases which require exact decimal representation, try using the " +":mod:`decimal` module which implements decimal arithmetic suitable for " +"accounting applications and high-precision applications." +msgstr "对于需要精确十进制表示的使用场景，请尝试使用 :mod:`decimal` 模块，该模块实现了适合会计应用和高精度应用的十进制运算。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Another form of exact arithmetic is supported by the :mod:`fractions` module" +" which implements arithmetic based on rational numbers (so the numbers like " +"1/3 can be represented exactly)." +msgstr "" +"另一种形式的精确运算由 :mod:`fractions` 模块提供支持，该模块实现了基于有理数的算术运算（因此可以精确表示像 1/3 这样的数值）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:177 +msgid "" +"If you are a heavy user of floating-point operations you should take a look " +"at the NumPy package and many other packages for mathematical and " +"statistical operations supplied by the SciPy project. See " +"." +msgstr "" +"如果你是浮点运算的重度用户那么你应当了解一下 NumPy 包以及由 SciPy 项目所提供的许多其他数学和统计运算包。 参见 " +"。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Python provides tools that may help on those rare occasions when you really " +"*do* want to know the exact value of a float. The " +":meth:`float.as_integer_ratio` method expresses the value of a float as a " +"fraction:" +msgstr "" +"Python 还提供了一些工具可能在你 *确实* 想要知道一个浮点数的精确值的少数情况下提供帮助。 例如 " +":meth:`float.as_integer_ratio` 方法会将浮点数值表示为一个分数:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:186 +msgid "" +">>> x = 3.14159\n" +">>> x.as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(3537115888337719, 1125899906842624)" +msgstr "" +">>> x = 3.14159\n" +">>> x.as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(3537115888337719, 1125899906842624)" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Since the ratio is exact, it can be used to losslessly recreate the original" +" value:" +msgstr "由于这个比值是精确的，它可以被用来无损地重建原始值:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:195 +msgid "" +">>> x == 3537115888337719 / 1125899906842624\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> x == 3537115888337719 / 1125899906842624\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:200 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`float.hex` method expresses a float in hexadecimal (base 16), " +"again giving the exact value stored by your computer:" +msgstr ":meth:`float.hex` 方法会以十六进制（以 16 为基数）来表示浮点数，同样能给出保存在你的计算机中的精确值:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:203 +msgid "" +">>> x.hex()\n" +"'0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'" +msgstr "" +">>> x.hex()\n" +"'0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:208 +msgid "" +"This precise hexadecimal representation can be used to reconstruct the float" +" value exactly:" +msgstr "这种精确的十六进制表示形式可被用来精确地重建浮点数值:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:211 +msgid "" +">>> x == float.fromhex('0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1')\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> x == float.fromhex('0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1')\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Since the representation is exact, it is useful for reliably porting values " +"across different versions of Python (platform independence) and exchanging " +"data with other languages that support the same format (such as Java and " +"C99)." +msgstr "" +"由于这种表示法是精确的，它适用于跨越不同版本（平台无关）的 Python 移植数值，以及与支持相同格式的其他语言（例如 Java 和 C99）交换数据." + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Another helpful tool is the :func:`sum` function which helps mitigate loss-" +"of-precision during summation. It uses extended precision for intermediate " +"rounding steps as values are added onto a running total. That can make a " +"difference in overall accuracy so that the errors do not accumulate to the " +"point where they affect the final total:" +msgstr "" +"另一个有用的工具是 :func:`sum` 函数，它能够帮助减少求和过程中的精度损失。 它会在数值被添加到总计值的时候为中间舍入步骤使用扩展的精度。 " +"这可以更好地保持总体精确度，使得错误不会积累到能够影响最终总计值的程度:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:226 +msgid "" +">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 1.0\n" +"False\n" +">>> sum([0.1] * 10) == 1.0\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 1.0\n" +"False\n" +">>> sum([0.1] * 10) == 1.0\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:233 +msgid "" +"The :func:`math.fsum` goes further and tracks all of the \"lost digits\" as " +"values are added onto a running total so that the result has only a single " +"rounding. This is slower than :func:`sum` but will be more accurate in " +"uncommon cases where large magnitude inputs mostly cancel each other out " +"leaving a final sum near zero:" +msgstr "" +":func:`math.fsum` 函数进一步追踪在累加过程中“丢失的数位”，因此结果只会经过一次舍入。 相比于 :func:`sum` " +"它的执行速度较慢，但在一些不常见的情况下会更加准确，尤其是当大数值输入彼此几乎相互抵消，最终结果接近零时：" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:239 +msgid "" +">>> arr = [-0.10430216751806065, -266310978.67179024, 143401161448607.16,\n" +"... -143401161400469.7, 266262841.31058735, -0.003244936839808227]\n" +">>> float(sum(map(Fraction, arr))) # Exact summation with single rounding\n" +"8.042173697819788e-13\n" +">>> math.fsum(arr) # Single rounding\n" +"8.042173697819788e-13\n" +">>> sum(arr) # Multiple roundings in extended precision\n" +"8.042178034628478e-13\n" +">>> total = 0.0\n" +">>> for x in arr:\n" +"... total += x # Multiple roundings in standard precision\n" +"...\n" +">>> total # Straight addition has no correct digits!\n" +"-0.0051575902860057365" +msgstr "" +">>> arr = [-0.10430216751806065, -266310978.67179024, 143401161448607.16,\n" +"... -143401161400469.7, 266262841.31058735, -0.003244936839808227]\n" +">>> float(sum(map(Fraction, arr))) # 精确求和，结果经过一次四舍五入\n" +"8.042173697819788e-13\n" +">>> math.fsum(arr) # 一次四舍五入\n" +"8.042173697819788e-13\n" +">>> sum(arr) # 多次四舍五入，扩展精度\n" +"8.042178034628478e-13\n" +">>> total = 0.0\n" +">>> for x in arr:\n" +"... total += x # 多次四舍五入，标准精度\n" +"...\n" +">>> total # 直接加法没有一个正确的数字！\n" +"-0.0051575902860057365" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:260 +msgid "Representation Error" +msgstr "表示性错误" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:262 +msgid "" +"This section explains the \"0.1\" example in detail, and shows how you can " +"perform an exact analysis of cases like this yourself. Basic familiarity " +"with binary floating-point representation is assumed." +msgstr "本小节将详细解释 \"0.1\" 的例子，并说明你可以怎样亲自对此类情况进行精确分析。 假定前提是已基本熟悉二进制浮点表示法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:266 +msgid "" +":dfn:`Representation error` refers to the fact that some (most, actually) " +"decimal fractions cannot be represented exactly as binary (base 2) " +"fractions. This is the chief reason why Python (or Perl, C, C++, Java, " +"Fortran, and many others) often won't display the exact decimal number you " +"expect." +msgstr "" +":dfn:`表示性错误` 是指某些（其实是大多数）十进制小数无法以二进制（以 2 为基数的计数制）精确表示这一事实造成的错误。 这就是为什么 " +"Python（或者 Perl、C、C++、Java、Fortran 以及许多其他语言）经常不会显示你所期待的精确十进制数值的主要原因。" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:271 +msgid "" +"Why is that? 1/10 is not exactly representable as a binary fraction. Since" +" at least 2000, almost all machines use IEEE 754 binary floating-point " +"arithmetic, and almost all platforms map Python floats to IEEE 754 binary64 " +"\"double precision\" values. IEEE 754 binary64 values contain 53 bits of " +"precision, so on input the computer strives to convert 0.1 to the closest " +"fraction it can of the form *J*/2**\\ *N* where *J* is an integer containing" +" exactly 53 bits. Rewriting ::" +msgstr "" +"为什么会这样？ 1/10 是无法用二进制小数精确表示的。 至少从 2000 年起，几乎所有机器都使用 IEEE 754 " +"二进制浮点运算标准，而几乎所有系统平台都将 Python 浮点数映射为 IEEE 754 binary64 \"双精度\" 值。 IEEE 754 " +"binary64 值包含 53 位精度，因此在输入时计算机会尽量将 0.1 转换为以 *J*/2**\\ *N* 形式所能表示的最接近的小数，其中 " +"*J* 为恰好包含 53 比特位的整数。 重新将 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:280 +msgid "1 / 10 ~= J / (2**N)" +msgstr "1 / 10 ~= J / (2**N)" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:282 +msgid "as ::" +msgstr "写为 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:284 +msgid "J ~= 2**N / 10" +msgstr "J ~= 2**N / 10" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:286 +msgid "" +"and recalling that *J* has exactly 53 bits (is ``>= 2**52`` but ``< " +"2**53``), the best value for *N* is 56:" +msgstr "并且由于 *J* 恰好有 53 位 (即 ``>= 2**52`` 但 ``< 2**53``)，*N* 的最佳值为 56:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:289 +msgid "" +">>> 2**52 <= 2**56 // 10 < 2**53\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> 2**52 <= 2**56 // 10 < 2**53\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:294 +msgid "" +"That is, 56 is the only value for *N* that leaves *J* with exactly 53 bits." +" The best possible value for *J* is then that quotient rounded:" +msgstr "也就是说，56 是唯一能使 *J* 恰好有 53 位的 *N* 值。 这样 *J* 可能的最佳就是舍入之后的商:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:297 +msgid "" +">>> q, r = divmod(2**56, 10)\n" +">>> r\n" +"6" +msgstr "" +">>> q, r = divmod(2**56, 10)\n" +">>> r\n" +"6" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:303 +msgid "" +"Since the remainder is more than half of 10, the best approximation is " +"obtained by rounding up:" +msgstr "由于余数超于 10 的一半，所以最佳近似值可通过向上舍入获得:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:306 +msgid "" +">>> q+1\n" +"7205759403792794" +msgstr "" +">>> q+1\n" +"7205759403792794" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:313 +msgid "" +"Therefore the best possible approximation to 1/10 in IEEE 754 double " +"precision is::" +msgstr "因此在 IEEE 754 双精度下可能达到的 1/10 的最佳近似值为::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:316 +msgid "7205759403792794 / 2 ** 56" +msgstr "7205759403792794 / 2 ** 56" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:318 +msgid "" +"Dividing both the numerator and denominator by two reduces the fraction to::" +msgstr "分子和分母都除以二则结果小数为::" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:320 +msgid "3602879701896397 / 2 ** 55" +msgstr "3602879701896397 / 2 ** 55" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:322 +msgid "" +"Note that since we rounded up, this is actually a little bit larger than " +"1/10; if we had not rounded up, the quotient would have been a little bit " +"smaller than 1/10. But in no case can it be *exactly* 1/10!" +msgstr "" +"请注意由于我们做了向上舍入，这个结果实际上略大于 1/10；如果我们没有向上舍入，则商将会略小于 1/10。 但无论如何它都不会是 *精确的* " +"1/10！" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:326 +msgid "" +"So the computer never \"sees\" 1/10: what it sees is the exact fraction " +"given above, the best IEEE 754 double approximation it can get:" +msgstr "因此计算机永远不会 \"看到\" 1/10: 它实际看到的就是上面所给出的小数，即它能达到的最佳 IEEE 754 双精度近似值:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:329 +msgid "" +">>> 0.1 * 2 ** 55\n" +"3602879701896397.0" +msgstr "" +">>> 0.1 * 2 ** 55\n" +"3602879701896397.0" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:334 +msgid "" +"If we multiply that fraction by 10\\*\\*55, we can see the value out to 55 " +"decimal digits:" +msgstr "如果我们将该小数乘以 10\\*\\*55，我们可以看到该值输出 55 个十进制数位:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:337 +msgid "" +">>> 3602879701896397 * 10 ** 55 // 2 ** 55\n" +"1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625" +msgstr "" +">>> 3602879701896397 * 10 ** 55 // 2 ** 55\n" +"1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:342 +msgid "" +"meaning that the exact number stored in the computer is equal to the decimal" +" value 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625. Instead of" +" displaying the full decimal value, many languages (including older versions" +" of Python), round the result to 17 significant digits:" +msgstr "" +"这意味着存储在计算机中的确切数字等于十进制数值 " +"0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625。 许多语言（包括较旧版本的 " +"Python）都不会显示这个完整的十进制数值，而是将结果舍入到 17 位有效数字:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:347 +msgid "" +">>> format(0.1, '.17f')\n" +"'0.10000000000000001'" +msgstr "" +">>> format(0.1, '.17f')\n" +"'0.10000000000000001'" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:352 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`fractions` and :mod:`decimal` modules make these calculations " +"easy:" +msgstr ":mod:`fractions` 和 :mod:`decimal` 模块使得这样的计算更为容易:" + +#: ../../tutorial/floatingpoint.rst:355 +msgid "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +"\n" +">>> Fraction.from_float(0.1)\n" +"Fraction(3602879701896397, 36028797018963968)\n" +"\n" +">>> (0.1).as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(3602879701896397, 36028797018963968)\n" +"\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(0.1)\n" +"Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')\n" +"\n" +">>> format(Decimal.from_float(0.1), '.17')\n" +"'0.10000000000000001'" +msgstr "" +">>> from decimal import Decimal\n" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +"\n" +">>> Fraction.from_float(0.1)\n" +"Fraction(3602879701896397, 36028797018963968)\n" +"\n" +">>> (0.1).as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(3602879701896397, 36028797018963968)\n" +"\n" +">>> Decimal.from_float(0.1)\n" +"Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')\n" +"\n" +">>> format(Decimal.from_float(0.1), '.17')\n" +"'0.10000000000000001'" diff --git a/tutorial/index.po b/tutorial/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8262a2c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:5 +msgid "The Python Tutorial" +msgstr "Python 教程" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. It has efficient " +"high-level data structures and a simple but effective approach to object-" +"oriented programming. Python's elegant syntax and dynamic typing, together " +"with its interpreted nature, make it an ideal language for scripting and " +"rapid application development in many areas on most platforms." +msgstr "" +"Python 是一门易于学习、功能强大的编程语言。它提供了高效的高级数据结构，还能简单有效地面向对象编程。Python " +"优雅的语法和动态类型以及解释型语言的本质，使它成为多数平台上写脚本和快速开发应用的理想语言。" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are freely " +"available in source or binary form for all major platforms from the Python " +"web site, https://www.python.org/, and may be freely distributed. The same " +"site also contains distributions of and pointers to many free third party " +"Python modules, programs and tools, and additional documentation." +msgstr "" +"Python 官网（https://www.python.org/）上免费提供了 Python " +"解释器和扩展的标准库，包括源码和适用于各操作系统的机器码形式，并可自由地分发。Python 官网还包含许多免费的第三方 Python " +"模块、程序和工具发布包及文档链接。" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:19 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data types " +"implemented in C or C++ (or other languages callable from C). Python is also" +" suitable as an extension language for customizable applications." +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器易于扩展，使用 C 或 C++（或其他 C 能调用的语言）即可为 Python 扩展新功能和数据类型。Python " +"也可用作定制软件中的扩展程序语言。" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:23 +msgid "" +"This tutorial introduces the reader informally to the basic concepts and " +"features of the Python language and system. It helps to have a Python " +"interpreter handy for hands-on experience, but all examples are self-" +"contained, so the tutorial can be read off-line as well." +msgstr "" +"本教程只是简单介绍了 Python 语言概念和功能。读者在阅读本教程时最好使用 Python " +"解释器以便随时动手练习。本教程中的所有示例都是相互独立的并可离线阅读。" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:28 +msgid "" +"For a description of standard objects and modules, see :ref:`library-index`." +" :ref:`reference-index` gives a more formal definition of the language. To " +"write extensions in C or C++, read :ref:`extending-index` and :ref:`c-api-" +"index`. There are also several books covering Python in depth." +msgstr "" +"标准库与模块的内容详见 :ref:`library-index`。:ref:`reference-index` 是更正规的语言定义。如要编写 C 或 " +"C++ 扩展请参考 :ref:`extending-index` 和 :ref:`c-api-index`。此外，深入讲解 Python " +"的书籍也有很多。" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:33 +msgid "" +"This tutorial does not attempt to be comprehensive and cover every single " +"feature, or even every commonly used feature. Instead, it introduces many of" +" Python's most noteworthy features, and will give you a good idea of the " +"language's flavor and style. After reading it, you will be able to read and " +"write Python modules and programs, and you will be ready to learn more about" +" the various Python library modules described in :ref:`library-index`." +msgstr "" +"本教程对每一个功能的介绍并不完整，甚至没有涉及全部常用功能，只是介绍了 Python 中最值得学习的功能，旨在让读者快速感受一下 Python " +"的特色。学完本教程的读者可以阅读和编写 Python 模块和程序，也可以继续学习 :ref:`library-index`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/index.rst:40 +msgid "The :ref:`glossary` is also worth going through." +msgstr "强烈推荐阅读 :ref:`glossary`。" diff --git a/tutorial/inputoutput.po b/tutorial/inputoutput.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a3c10564 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/inputoutput.po @@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# BigOrangeQWQ, 2023 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-19 01:00+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:5 +msgid "Input and Output" +msgstr "输入与输出" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:7 +msgid "" +"There are several ways to present the output of a program; data can be " +"printed in a human-readable form, or written to a file for future use. This " +"chapter will discuss some of the possibilities." +msgstr "程序输出有几种显示方式；数据既可以输出供人阅读的形式，也可以写入文件备用。本章探讨一些可用的方式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:15 +msgid "Fancier Output Formatting" +msgstr "更复杂的输出格式" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:17 +msgid "" +"So far we've encountered two ways of writing values: *expression statements*" +" and the :func:`print` function. (A third way is using the " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.write` method of file objects; the standard output " +"file can be referenced as ``sys.stdout``. See the Library Reference for more" +" information on this.)" +msgstr "" +"到目前为止我们已遇到过两种写入值的方式: *表达式语句* 和 :func:`print` 函数。 （第三种方式是使用文件对象的 " +":meth:`~io.TextIOBase.write` 方法；标准输出文件可以被引用为 ``sys.stdout``。 " +"更多相关信息请参阅标准库参考）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:22 +msgid "" +"Often you'll want more control over the formatting of your output than " +"simply printing space-separated values. There are several ways to format " +"output." +msgstr "对输出格式的控制不只是打印空格分隔的值，还需要更多方式。格式化输出包括以下几种方法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:25 +msgid "" +"To use :ref:`formatted string literals `, begin a string with" +" ``f`` or ``F`` before the opening quotation mark or triple quotation mark. " +"Inside this string, you can write a Python expression between ``{`` and " +"``}`` characters that can refer to variables or literal values." +msgstr "" +"使用 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` ，要在字符串开头的引号/三引号前添加 ``f`` 或 ``F`` " +"。在这种字符串中，可以在 ``{`` 和 ``}`` 字符之间输入引用的变量，或字面值的 Python 表达式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:32 +msgid "" +">>> year = 2016\n" +">>> event = 'Referendum'\n" +">>> f'Results of the {year} {event}'\n" +"'Results of the 2016 Referendum'" +msgstr "" +">>> year = 2016\n" +">>> event = 'Referendum'\n" +">>> f'Results of the {year} {event}'\n" +"'Results of the 2016 Referendum'" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`str.format` method of strings requires more manual effort. " +"You'll still use ``{`` and ``}`` to mark where a variable will be " +"substituted and can provide detailed formatting directives, but you'll also " +"need to provide the information to be formatted. In the following code block" +" there are two examples of how to format variables:" +msgstr "" +"字符串的 :meth:`str.format` 方法需要更多手动操作。 你仍将使用 ``{`` 和 ``}`` " +"来标记变量将被替换的位置并且可以提供详细的格式化指令，但你还需要提供待格式化的信息。 下面的代码块中有两个格式化变量的例子：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:46 +msgid "" +">>> yes_votes = 42_572_654\n" +">>> total_votes = 85_705_149\n" +">>> percentage = yes_votes / total_votes\n" +">>> '{:-9} YES votes {:2.2%}'.format(yes_votes, percentage)\n" +"' 42572654 YES votes 49.67%'" +msgstr "" +">>> yes_votes = 42_572_654\n" +">>> total_votes = 85_705_149\n" +">>> percentage = yes_votes / total_votes\n" +">>> '{:-9} YES votes {:2.2%}'.format(yes_votes, percentage)\n" +"' 42572654 YES votes 49.67%'" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:52 +msgid "" +"Notice how the ``yes_votes`` are padded with spaces and a negative sign only" +" for negative numbers. The example also prints ``percentage`` multiplied by " +"100, with 2 decimal places and followed by a percent sign (see " +":ref:`formatspec` for details)." +msgstr "" +"请注意Notice how the ``yes_votes`` 填充了空格并且只为负数添加了负号。 这个例子还打印了 ``percentage`` 乘以" +" 100 的结果，保留 2 个数位并带有一个百分号 (请参阅 :ref:`formatspec` 了解详情)。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Finally, you can do all the string handling yourself by using string slicing" +" and concatenation operations to create any layout you can imagine. The " +"string type has some methods that perform useful operations for padding " +"strings to a given column width." +msgstr "最后，还可以用字符串切片和合并操作完成字符串处理操作，创建任何排版布局。字符串类型还支持将字符串按给定列宽进行填充，这些方法也很有用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:62 +msgid "" +"When you don't need fancy output but just want a quick display of some " +"variables for debugging purposes, you can convert any value to a string with" +" the :func:`repr` or :func:`str` functions." +msgstr "如果不需要花哨的输出，只想快速显示变量进行调试，可以用 :func:`repr` 或 :func:`str` 函数把值转化为字符串。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:66 +msgid "" +"The :func:`str` function is meant to return representations of values which " +"are fairly human-readable, while :func:`repr` is meant to generate " +"representations which can be read by the interpreter (or will force a " +":exc:`SyntaxError` if there is no equivalent syntax). For objects which " +"don't have a particular representation for human consumption, :func:`str` " +"will return the same value as :func:`repr`. Many values, such as numbers or" +" structures like lists and dictionaries, have the same representation using " +"either function. Strings, in particular, have two distinct representations." +msgstr "" +":func:`str` 函数返回供人阅读的值，:func:`repr` 则生成适于解释器读取的值（如果没有等效的语法，则强制执行 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`）。对于没有支持供人阅读展示结果的对象， :func:`str` 返回与 :func:`repr` " +"相同的值。一般情况下，数字、列表或字典等结构的值，使用这两个函数输出的表现形式是一样的。字符串有两种不同的表现形式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:75 +msgid "Some examples::" +msgstr "示例如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:77 +msgid "" +">>> s = 'Hello, world.'\n" +">>> str(s)\n" +"'Hello, world.'\n" +">>> repr(s)\n" +"\"'Hello, world.'\"\n" +">>> str(1/7)\n" +"'0.14285714285714285'\n" +">>> x = 10 * 3.25\n" +">>> y = 200 * 200\n" +">>> s = 'The value of x is ' + repr(x) + ', and y is ' + repr(y) + '...'\n" +">>> print(s)\n" +"The value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...\n" +">>> # The repr() of a string adds string quotes and backslashes:\n" +">>> hello = 'hello, world\\n'\n" +">>> hellos = repr(hello)\n" +">>> print(hellos)\n" +"'hello, world\\n'\n" +">>> # The argument to repr() may be any Python object:\n" +">>> repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))\n" +"\"(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))\"" +msgstr "" +">>> s = 'Hello, world.'\n" +">>> str(s)\n" +"'Hello, world.'\n" +">>> repr(s)\n" +"\"'Hello, world.'\"\n" +">>> str(1/7)\n" +"'0.14285714285714285'\n" +">>> x = 10 * 3.25\n" +">>> y = 200 * 200\n" +">>> s = 'The value of x is ' + repr(x) + ', and y is ' + repr(y) + '...'\n" +">>> print(s)\n" +"The value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...\n" +">>> # The repr() of a string adds string quotes and backslashes:\n" +">>> hello = 'hello, world\\n'\n" +">>> hellos = repr(hello)\n" +">>> print(hellos)\n" +"'hello, world\\n'\n" +">>> # The argument to repr() may be any Python object:\n" +">>> repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))\n" +"\"(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))\"" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:98 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`string` module contains a :class:`~string.Template` class that " +"offers yet another way to substitute values into strings, using placeholders" +" like ``$x`` and replacing them with values from a dictionary, but offers " +"much less control of the formatting." +msgstr "" +":mod:`string` 模块包含 :class:`~string.Template` 类，提供了将值替换为字符串的另一种方法。该类使用 ``$x``" +" 占位符，并用字典的值进行替换，但对格式控制的支持比较有限。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:114 +msgid "Formatted String Literals" +msgstr "格式化字符串字面值" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:116 +msgid "" +":ref:`Formatted string literals ` (also called f-strings for " +"short) let you include the value of Python expressions inside a string by " +"prefixing the string with ``f`` or ``F`` and writing expressions as " +"``{expression}``." +msgstr "" +":ref:`格式化字符串字面值 ` （简称为 f-字符串）在字符串前加前缀 ``f`` 或 ``F``，通过 " +"``{expression}`` 表达式，把 Python 表达式的值添加到字符串内。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:121 +msgid "" +"An optional format specifier can follow the expression. This allows greater " +"control over how the value is formatted. The following example rounds pi to " +"three places after the decimal::" +msgstr "格式说明符是可选的，写在表达式后面，可以更好地控制格式化值的方式。下例将 pi 舍入到小数点后三位：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:125 +msgid "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> print(f'The value of pi is approximately {math.pi:.3f}.')\n" +"The value of pi is approximately 3.142." +msgstr "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> print(f'The value of pi is approximately {math.pi:.3f}.')\n" +"The value of pi is approximately 3.142." + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Passing an integer after the ``':'`` will cause that field to be a minimum " +"number of characters wide. This is useful for making columns line up. ::" +msgstr "在 ``':'`` 后传递整数，为该字段设置最小字符宽度，常用于列对齐：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:132 +msgid "" +">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 7678}\n" +">>> for name, phone in table.items():\n" +"... print(f'{name:10} ==> {phone:10d}')\n" +"...\n" +"Sjoerd ==> 4127\n" +"Jack ==> 4098\n" +"Dcab ==> 7678" +msgstr "" +">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 7678}\n" +">>> for name, phone in table.items():\n" +"... print(f'{name:10} ==> {phone:10d}')\n" +"...\n" +"Sjoerd ==> 4127\n" +"Jack ==> 4098\n" +"Dcab ==> 7678" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Other modifiers can be used to convert the value before it is formatted. " +"``'!a'`` applies :func:`ascii`, ``'!s'`` applies :func:`str`, and ``'!r'`` " +"applies :func:`repr`::" +msgstr "" +"还有一些修饰符可以在格式化前转换值。 ``'!a'`` 应用 :func:`ascii` ，``'!s'`` 应用 " +":func:`str`，``'!r'`` 应用 :func:`repr`：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:144 +msgid "" +">>> animals = 'eels'\n" +">>> print(f'My hovercraft is full of {animals}.')\n" +"My hovercraft is full of eels.\n" +">>> print(f'My hovercraft is full of {animals!r}.')\n" +"My hovercraft is full of 'eels'." +msgstr "" +">>> animals = 'eels'\n" +">>> print(f'My hovercraft is full of {animals}.')\n" +"My hovercraft is full of eels.\n" +">>> print(f'My hovercraft is full of {animals!r}.')\n" +"My hovercraft is full of 'eels'." + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:150 +msgid "" +"The ``=`` specifier can be used to expand an expression to the text of the " +"expression, an equal sign, then the representation of the evaluated " +"expression:" +msgstr "``=`` 说明符可被用于将一个表达式扩展为表达式文本、等号再加表达式求值结果的形式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:159 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`self-documenting expressions ` for more " +"information on the ``=`` specifier. For a reference on these format " +"specifications, see the reference guide for the :ref:`formatspec`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :ref:`自说明型表达式 ` 以了解 ``=`` 说明符的更多信息。 " +"有关这些格式说明的详情，请查看针对 :ref:`formatspec` 的参考指南。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:166 +msgid "The String format() Method" +msgstr "字符串 format() 方法" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:168 +msgid "Basic usage of the :meth:`str.format` method looks like this::" +msgstr ":meth:`str.format` 方法的基本用法如下所示：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:170 +msgid "" +">>> print('We are the {} who say \"{}!\"'.format('knights', 'Ni'))\n" +"We are the knights who say \"Ni!\"" +msgstr "" +">>> print('We are the {} who say \"{}!\"'.format('knights', 'Ni'))\n" +"We are the knights who say \"Ni!\"" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:173 +msgid "" +"The brackets and characters within them (called format fields) are replaced " +"with the objects passed into the :meth:`str.format` method. A number in the" +" brackets can be used to refer to the position of the object passed into the" +" :meth:`str.format` method. ::" +msgstr "" +"花括号及之内的字符（称为格式字段）被替换为传递给 :meth:`str.format` 方法的对象。花括号中的数字表示传递给 " +":meth:`str.format` 方法的对象所在的位置。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:178 +msgid "" +">>> print('{0} and {1}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n" +"spam and eggs\n" +">>> print('{1} and {0}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n" +"eggs and spam" +msgstr "" +">>> print('{0} and {1}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n" +"spam and eggs\n" +">>> print('{1} and {0}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\n" +"eggs and spam" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:183 +msgid "" +"If keyword arguments are used in the :meth:`str.format` method, their values" +" are referred to by using the name of the argument. ::" +msgstr ":meth:`str.format` 方法中使用关键字参数名引用值。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:186 +msgid "" +">>> print('This {food} is {adjective}.'.format(\n" +"... food='spam', adjective='absolutely horrible'))\n" +"This spam is absolutely horrible." +msgstr "" +">>> print('This {food} is {adjective}.'.format(\n" +"... food='spam', adjective='absolutely horrible'))\n" +"This spam is absolutely horrible." + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:190 +msgid "Positional and keyword arguments can be arbitrarily combined::" +msgstr "位置参数和关键字参数可以任意组合：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:192 +msgid "" +">>> print('The story of {0}, {1}, and {other}.'.format('Bill', 'Manfred',\n" +"... other='Georg'))\n" +"The story of Bill, Manfred, and Georg." +msgstr "" +">>> print('The story of {0}, {1}, and {other}.'.format('Bill', 'Manfred',\n" +"... other='Georg'))\n" +"The story of Bill, Manfred, and Georg." + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:196 +msgid "" +"If you have a really long format string that you don't want to split up, it " +"would be nice if you could reference the variables to be formatted by name " +"instead of by position. This can be done by simply passing the dict and " +"using square brackets ``'[]'`` to access the keys. ::" +msgstr "" +"如果不想分拆较长的格式字符串，最好按名称引用变量进行格式化，不要按位置。这项操作可以通过传递字典，并用方括号 ``'[]'`` 访问键来完成。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:201 +msgid "" +">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n" +">>> print('Jack: {0[Jack]:d}; Sjoerd: {0[Sjoerd]:d}; '\n" +"... 'Dcab: {0[Dcab]:d}'.format(table))\n" +"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678" +msgstr "" +">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n" +">>> print('Jack: {0[Jack]:d}; Sjoerd: {0[Sjoerd]:d}; '\n" +"... 'Dcab: {0[Dcab]:d}'.format(table))\n" +"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:206 +msgid "" +"This could also be done by passing the ``table`` dictionary as keyword " +"arguments with the ``**`` notation. ::" +msgstr "这也可以通过将 ``table`` 字典作为采用 ``**`` 标记的关键字参数传入来实现。 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:209 +msgid "" +">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n" +">>> print('Jack: {Jack:d}; Sjoerd: {Sjoerd:d}; Dcab: {Dcab:d}'.format(**table))\n" +"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678" +msgstr "" +">>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n" +">>> print('Jack: {Jack:d}; Sjoerd: {Sjoerd:d}; Dcab: {Dcab:d}'.format(**table))\n" +"Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:213 +msgid "" +"This is particularly useful in combination with the built-in function " +":func:`vars`, which returns a dictionary containing all local variables::" +msgstr "与内置函数 :func:`vars` 一同使用时这种方式非常实用，它将返回一个包含所有局部变量的字典::" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:216 +msgid "" +">>> table = {k: str(v) for k, v in vars().items()}\n" +">>> message = \" \".join([f'{k}: ' + '{' + k +'};' for k in table.keys()])\n" +">>> print(message.format(**table))\n" +"__name__: __main__; __doc__: None; __package__: None; __loader__: ..." +msgstr "" +">>> table = {k: str(v) for k, v in vars().items()}\n" +">>> message = \" \".join([f'{k}: ' + '{' + k +'};' for k in table.keys()])\n" +">>> print(message.format(**table))\n" +"__name__: __main__; __doc__: None; __package__: None; __loader__: ..." + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:221 +msgid "" +"As an example, the following lines produce a tidily aligned set of columns " +"giving integers and their squares and cubes::" +msgstr "举个例子，以下几行代码将产生一组整齐的数据列，包含给定的整数及其平方与立方::" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:224 +msgid "" +">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n" +"... print('{0:2d} {1:3d} {2:4d}'.format(x, x*x, x*x*x))\n" +"...\n" +" 1 1 1\n" +" 2 4 8\n" +" 3 9 27\n" +" 4 16 64\n" +" 5 25 125\n" +" 6 36 216\n" +" 7 49 343\n" +" 8 64 512\n" +" 9 81 729\n" +"10 100 1000" +msgstr "" +">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n" +"... print('{0:2d} {1:3d} {2:4d}'.format(x, x*x, x*x*x))\n" +"...\n" +" 1 1 1\n" +" 2 4 8\n" +" 3 9 27\n" +" 4 16 64\n" +" 5 25 125\n" +" 6 36 216\n" +" 7 49 343\n" +" 8 64 512\n" +" 9 81 729\n" +"10 100 1000" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:238 +msgid "" +"For a complete overview of string formatting with :meth:`str.format`, see " +":ref:`formatstrings`." +msgstr ":meth:`str.format` 进行字符串格式化的完整概述详见 :ref:`formatstrings` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:243 +msgid "Manual String Formatting" +msgstr "手动格式化字符串" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:245 +msgid "Here's the same table of squares and cubes, formatted manually::" +msgstr "下面是使用手动格式化方式实现的同一个平方和立方的表：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:247 +msgid "" +">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n" +"... print(repr(x).rjust(2), repr(x*x).rjust(3), end=' ')\n" +"... # Note use of 'end' on previous line\n" +"... print(repr(x*x*x).rjust(4))\n" +"...\n" +" 1 1 1\n" +" 2 4 8\n" +" 3 9 27\n" +" 4 16 64\n" +" 5 25 125\n" +" 6 36 216\n" +" 7 49 343\n" +" 8 64 512\n" +" 9 81 729\n" +"10 100 1000" +msgstr "" +">>> for x in range(1, 11):\n" +"... print(repr(x).rjust(2), repr(x*x).rjust(3), end=' ')\n" +"... # 请注意上一行中 'end' 的使用\n" +"... print(repr(x*x*x).rjust(4))\n" +"...\n" +" 1 1 1\n" +" 2 4 8\n" +" 3 9 27\n" +" 4 16 64\n" +" 5 25 125\n" +" 6 36 216\n" +" 7 49 343\n" +" 8 64 512\n" +" 9 81 729\n" +"10 100 1000" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:263 +msgid "" +"(Note that the one space between each column was added by the way " +":func:`print` works: it always adds spaces between its arguments.)" +msgstr "（注意，每列之间的空格是通过使用 :func:`print` 添加的：它总在其参数间添加空格。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:266 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`str.rjust` method of string objects right-justifies a string in a" +" field of a given width by padding it with spaces on the left. There are " +"similar methods :meth:`str.ljust` and :meth:`str.center`. These methods do " +"not write anything, they just return a new string. If the input string is " +"too long, they don't truncate it, but return it unchanged; this will mess up" +" your column lay-out but that's usually better than the alternative, which " +"would be lying about a value. (If you really want truncation you can always " +"add a slice operation, as in ``x.ljust(n)[:n]``.)" +msgstr "" +"字符串对象的 :meth:`str.rjust` 方法通过在左侧填充空格，对给定宽度字段中的字符串进行右对齐。同类方法还有 " +":meth:`str.ljust` 和 :meth:`str.center` " +"。这些方法不写入任何内容，只返回一个新字符串，如果输入的字符串太长，它们不会截断字符串，而是原样返回；虽然这种方式会弄乱列布局，但也比另一种方法好，后者在显示值时可能不准确（如果真的想截断字符串，可以使用" +" ``x.ljust(n)[:n]`` 这样的切片操作 。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:275 +msgid "" +"There is another method, :meth:`str.zfill`, which pads a numeric string on " +"the left with zeros. It understands about plus and minus signs::" +msgstr "另一种方法是 :meth:`str.zfill` ，该方法在数字字符串左边填充零，且能识别正负号：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:278 +msgid "" +">>> '12'.zfill(5)\n" +"'00012'\n" +">>> '-3.14'.zfill(7)\n" +"'-003.14'\n" +">>> '3.14159265359'.zfill(5)\n" +"'3.14159265359'" +msgstr "" +">>> '12'.zfill(5)\n" +"'00012'\n" +">>> '-3.14'.zfill(7)\n" +"'-003.14'\n" +">>> '3.14159265359'.zfill(5)\n" +"'3.14159265359'" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:287 +msgid "Old string formatting" +msgstr "旧式字符串格式化方法" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:289 +msgid "" +"The % operator (modulo) can also be used for string formatting. Given " +"``format % values`` (where *format* is a string), ``%`` conversion " +"specifications in *format* are replaced with zero or more elements of " +"*values*. This operation is commonly known as string interpolation. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"% 运算符 (求余) 也可被用于字符串格式化。 给定 ``format % values`` (其中 *format* 是一个字符串)，则 " +"*format* 中的 ``%`` 转换占位符将以 *values* 中的零个或多个元素来替换。 此操作通常称为字符串插值。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:296 +msgid "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> print('The value of pi is approximately %5.3f.' % math.pi)\n" +"The value of pi is approximately 3.142." +msgstr "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> print('The value of pi is approximately %5.3f.' % math.pi)\n" +"The value of pi is approximately 3.142." + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:300 +msgid "" +"More information can be found in the :ref:`old-string-formatting` section." +msgstr ":ref:`old-string-formatting` 小节介绍更多相关内容。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:306 +msgid "Reading and Writing Files" +msgstr "读写文件" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:312 +msgid "" +":func:`open` returns a :term:`file object`, and is most commonly used with " +"two positional arguments and one keyword argument: ``open(filename, mode, " +"encoding=None)``" +msgstr "" +":func:`open` 返回一个 :term:`file object` ，最常使用的是两个位置参数和一个关键字参数：``open(filename," +" mode, encoding=None)``" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:318 +msgid ">>> f = open('workfile', 'w', encoding=\"utf-8\")" +msgstr ">>> f = open('workfile', 'w', encoding=\"utf-8\")" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:325 +msgid "" +"The first argument is a string containing the filename. The second argument" +" is another string containing a few characters describing the way in which " +"the file will be used. *mode* can be ``'r'`` when the file will only be " +"read, ``'w'`` for only writing (an existing file with the same name will be " +"erased), and ``'a'`` opens the file for appending; any data written to the " +"file is automatically added to the end. ``'r+'`` opens the file for both " +"reading and writing. The *mode* argument is optional; ``'r'`` will be " +"assumed if it's omitted." +msgstr "" +"第一个实参是文件名字符串。第二个实参是包含描述文件使用方式字符的字符串。*mode* 的值包括 ``'r'`` ，表示文件只能读取；``'w'`` " +"表示只能写入（现有同名文件会被覆盖）；``'a'`` 表示打开文件并追加内容，任何写入的数据会自动添加到文件末尾。``'r+'`` " +"表示打开文件进行读写。*mode* 实参是可选的，省略时的默认值为 ``'r'``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Normally, files are opened in :dfn:`text mode`, that means, you read and " +"write strings from and to the file, which are encoded in a specific " +"*encoding*. If *encoding* is not specified, the default is platform " +"dependent (see :func:`open`). Because UTF-8 is the modern de-facto standard," +" ``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` is recommended unless you know that you need to use " +"a different encoding. Appending a ``'b'`` to the mode opens the file in " +":dfn:`binary mode`. Binary mode data is read and written as :class:`bytes` " +"objects. You can not specify *encoding* when opening file in binary mode." +msgstr "" +"通常情况下，文件是以 :dfn:`text mode` 打开的，也就是说，你从文件中读写字符串，这些字符串是以特定的 *encoding* " +"编码的。如果没有指定 *encoding* ，默认的是与平台有关的（见 :func:`open` ）。因为 UTF-8 " +"是现代事实上的标准，除非你知道你需要使用一个不同的编码，否则建议使用 ``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` 。在模式后面加上一个 ``'b'``" +" ，可以用 :dfn:`binary mode` 打开文件。二进制模式的数据是以 :class:`bytes` " +"对象的形式读写的。在二进制模式下打开文件时，你不能指定 *encoding* 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:344 +msgid "" +"In text mode, the default when reading is to convert platform-specific line " +"endings (``\\n`` on Unix, ``\\r\\n`` on Windows) to just ``\\n``. When " +"writing in text mode, the default is to convert occurrences of ``\\n`` back " +"to platform-specific line endings. This behind-the-scenes modification to " +"file data is fine for text files, but will corrupt binary data like that in " +":file:`JPEG` or :file:`EXE` files. Be very careful to use binary mode when " +"reading and writing such files." +msgstr "" +"在文本模式下读取文件时，默认把平台特定的行结束符（Unix 上为 ``\\n``, Windows 上为 ``\\r\\n``）转换为 " +"``\\n``。在文本模式下写入数据时，默认把 ``\\n`` 转换回平台特定结束符。这种操作方式在后台修改文件数据对文本文件来说没有问题，但会破坏 " +":file:`JPEG` 或 :file:`EXE` 等二进制文件中的数据。注意，在读写此类文件时，一定要使用二进制模式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:352 +msgid "" +"It is good practice to use the :keyword:`with` keyword when dealing with " +"file objects. The advantage is that the file is properly closed after its " +"suite finishes, even if an exception is raised at some point. Using " +":keyword:`!with` is also much shorter than writing equivalent " +":keyword:`try`\\ -\\ :keyword:`finally` blocks::" +msgstr "" +"在处理文件对象时，最好使用 :keyword:`with` 关键字。优点是，子句体结束后，文件会正确关闭，即便触发异常也可以。而且，使用 " +":keyword:`!with` 相比等效的 :keyword:`try`\\ -\\ :keyword:`finally` 代码块要简短得多：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:358 +msgid "" +">>> with open('workfile', encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n" +"... read_data = f.read()\n" +"\n" +">>> # We can check that the file has been automatically closed.\n" +">>> f.closed\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> with open('workfile', encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n" +"... read_data = f.read()\n" +"\n" +">>> # 我们可以检测文件是否已被自动关闭。\n" +">>> f.closed\n" +"True" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:365 +msgid "" +"If you're not using the :keyword:`with` keyword, then you should call " +"``f.close()`` to close the file and immediately free up any system resources" +" used by it." +msgstr "如果没有使用 :keyword:`with` 关键字，则应调用 ``f.close()`` 关闭文件，即可释放文件占用的系统资源。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Calling ``f.write()`` without using the :keyword:`!with` keyword or calling " +"``f.close()`` **might** result in the arguments of ``f.write()`` not being " +"completely written to the disk, even if the program exits successfully." +msgstr "" +"调用 ``f.write()`` 时，未使用 :keyword:`!with` 关键字，或未调用 " +"``f.close()``，即使程序正常退出，也**可能** 导致 ``f.write()`` 的参数没有完全写入磁盘。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:378 +msgid "" +"After a file object is closed, either by a :keyword:`with` statement or by " +"calling ``f.close()``, attempts to use the file object will automatically " +"fail. ::" +msgstr "通过 :keyword:`with` 语句，或调用 ``f.close()`` 关闭文件对象后，再次使用该文件对象将会失败。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:382 +msgid "" +">>> f.close()\n" +">>> f.read()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: I/O operation on closed file." +msgstr "" +">>> f.close()\n" +">>> f.read()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"ValueError: I/O operation on closed file." + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:392 +msgid "Methods of File Objects" +msgstr "文件对象的方法" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:394 +msgid "" +"The rest of the examples in this section will assume that a file object " +"called ``f`` has already been created." +msgstr "本节下文中的例子假定已创建 ``f`` 文件对象。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:397 +msgid "" +"To read a file's contents, call ``f.read(size)``, which reads some quantity " +"of data and returns it as a string (in text mode) or bytes object (in binary" +" mode). *size* is an optional numeric argument. When *size* is omitted or " +"negative, the entire contents of the file will be read and returned; it's " +"your problem if the file is twice as large as your machine's memory. " +"Otherwise, at most *size* characters (in text mode) or *size* bytes (in " +"binary mode) are read and returned. If the end of the file has been reached," +" ``f.read()`` will return an empty string (``''``). ::" +msgstr "" +"``f.read(size)`` 可用于读取文件内容，它会读取一些数据，并返回字符串（文本模式），或字节串对象（在二进制模式下）。 *size* " +"是可选的数值参数。省略 *size* 或 *size* 为负数时，读取并返回整个文件的内容；文件大小是内存的两倍时，会出现问题。*size* " +"取其他值时，读取并返回最多 *size* 个字符（文本模式）或 *size* 个字节（二进制模式）。如已到达文件末尾，``f.read()`` " +"返回空字符串（``''``）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:406 +msgid "" +">>> f.read()\n" +"'This is the entire file.\\n'\n" +">>> f.read()\n" +"''" +msgstr "" +">>> f.read()\n" +"'This is the entire file.\\n'\n" +">>> f.read()\n" +"''" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:411 +msgid "" +"``f.readline()`` reads a single line from the file; a newline character " +"(``\\n``) is left at the end of the string, and is only omitted on the last " +"line of the file if the file doesn't end in a newline. This makes the " +"return value unambiguous; if ``f.readline()`` returns an empty string, the " +"end of the file has been reached, while a blank line is represented by " +"``'\\n'``, a string containing only a single newline. ::" +msgstr "" +"``f.readline()`` " +"从文件中读取单行数据；字符串末尾保留换行符（``\\n``），只有在文件不以换行符结尾时，文件的最后一行才会省略换行符。这种方式让返回值清晰明确；只要 " +"``f.readline()`` 返回空字符串，就表示已经到达了文件末尾，空行使用 ``'\\n'`` 表示，该字符串只包含一个换行符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:418 +msgid "" +">>> f.readline()\n" +"'This is the first line of the file.\\n'\n" +">>> f.readline()\n" +"'Second line of the file\\n'\n" +">>> f.readline()\n" +"''" +msgstr "" +">>> f.readline()\n" +"'This is the first line of the file.\\n'\n" +">>> f.readline()\n" +"'Second line of the file\\n'\n" +">>> f.readline()\n" +"''" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:425 +msgid "" +"For reading lines from a file, you can loop over the file object. This is " +"memory efficient, fast, and leads to simple code::" +msgstr "从文件中读取多行时，可以用循环遍历整个文件对象。这种操作能高效利用内存，快速，且代码简单：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:428 +msgid "" +">>> for line in f:\n" +"... print(line, end='')\n" +"...\n" +"This is the first line of the file.\n" +"Second line of the file" +msgstr "" +">>> for line in f:\n" +"... print(line, end='')\n" +"...\n" +"This is the first line of the file.\n" +"Second line of the file" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:434 +msgid "" +"If you want to read all the lines of a file in a list you can also use " +"``list(f)`` or ``f.readlines()``." +msgstr "如需以列表形式读取文件中的所有行，可以用 ``list(f)`` 或 ``f.readlines()``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:437 +msgid "" +"``f.write(string)`` writes the contents of *string* to the file, returning " +"the number of characters written. ::" +msgstr "``f.write(string)`` 把 *string* 的内容写入文件，并返回写入的字符数。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:440 +msgid "" +">>> f.write('This is a test\\n')\n" +"15" +msgstr "" +">>> f.write('This is a test\\n')\n" +"15" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:443 +msgid "" +"Other types of objects need to be converted -- either to a string (in text " +"mode) or a bytes object (in binary mode) -- before writing them::" +msgstr "写入其他类型的对象前，要先把它们转化为字符串（文本模式）或字节对象（二进制模式）：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:446 +msgid "" +">>> value = ('the answer', 42)\n" +">>> s = str(value) # convert the tuple to string\n" +">>> f.write(s)\n" +"18" +msgstr "" +">>> value = ('the answer', 42)\n" +">>> s = str(value) # 将元组转换为字符串\n" +">>> f.write(s)\n" +"18" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:451 +msgid "" +"``f.tell()`` returns an integer giving the file object's current position in" +" the file represented as number of bytes from the beginning of the file when" +" in binary mode and an opaque number when in text mode." +msgstr "" +"``f.tell()`` 返回整数，给出文件对象在文件中的当前位置，表示为二进制模式下时从文件开始的字节数，以及文本模式下的意义不明的数字。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:455 +msgid "" +"To change the file object's position, use ``f.seek(offset, whence)``. The " +"position is computed from adding *offset* to a reference point; the " +"reference point is selected by the *whence* argument. A *whence* value of 0" +" measures from the beginning of the file, 1 uses the current file position, " +"and 2 uses the end of the file as the reference point. *whence* can be " +"omitted and defaults to 0, using the beginning of the file as the reference " +"point. ::" +msgstr "" +"``f.seek(offset, whence)`` 可以改变文件对象的位置。通过向参考点添加 *offset* 计算位置；参考点由 *whence* " +"参数指定。 *whence* 值为 0 时，表示从文件开头计算，1 表示使用当前文件位置，2 表示使用文件末尾作为参考点。省略 *whence* " +"时，其默认值为 0，即使用文件开头作为参考点。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:462 +msgid "" +">>> f = open('workfile', 'rb+')\n" +">>> f.write(b'0123456789abcdef')\n" +"16\n" +">>> f.seek(5) # Go to the 6th byte in the file\n" +"5\n" +">>> f.read(1)\n" +"b'5'\n" +">>> f.seek(-3, 2) # Go to the 3rd byte before the end\n" +"13\n" +">>> f.read(1)\n" +"b'd'" +msgstr "" +">>> f = open('workfile', 'rb+')\n" +">>> f.write(b'0123456789abcdef')\n" +"16\n" +">>> f.seek(5) # 定位到文件中的第 6 个字节\n" +"5\n" +">>> f.read(1)\n" +"b'5'\n" +">>> f.seek(-3, 2) # 定位到倒数第 3 个字节\n" +"13\n" +">>> f.read(1)\n" +"b'd'" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:474 +msgid "" +"In text files (those opened without a ``b`` in the mode string), only seeks " +"relative to the beginning of the file are allowed (the exception being " +"seeking to the very file end with ``seek(0, 2)``) and the only valid " +"*offset* values are those returned from the ``f.tell()``, or zero. Any other" +" *offset* value produces undefined behaviour." +msgstr "" +"在文本文件（模式字符串未使用 ``b`` 时打开的文件）中，只允许相对于文件开头搜索（使用 ``seek(0, 2)`` " +"搜索到文件末尾是个例外），唯一有效的 *offset* 值是能从 ``f.tell()`` 中返回的，或 0。其他 *offset* " +"值都会产生未定义的行为。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:480 +msgid "" +"File objects have some additional methods, such as :meth:`~io.IOBase.isatty`" +" and :meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` which are less frequently used; consult the" +" Library Reference for a complete guide to file objects." +msgstr "" +"文件对象还有一些额外的方法，如使用频率较低的 :meth:`~io.IOBase.isatty` 和 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` 等；有关文件对象的完整指南请查阅标准库参考。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:488 +msgid "Saving structured data with :mod:`json`" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`json` 保存结构化数据" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:492 +msgid "" +"Strings can easily be written to and read from a file. Numbers take a bit " +"more effort, since the :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` method only returns " +"strings, which will have to be passed to a function like :func:`int`, which " +"takes a string like ``'123'`` and returns its numeric value 123. When you " +"want to save more complex data types like nested lists and dictionaries, " +"parsing and serializing by hand becomes complicated." +msgstr "" +"字符串可以很容易地写入文件或从文件中读取。 数字则更麻烦一些，因为 :meth:`~io.TextIOBase.read` " +"方法只返回字符串，而字符串必须传给 :func:`int` 这样的函数，它接受 ``'123'`` 这样的字符串并返回其数值 123。 " +"当你想要保存嵌套列表和字典等更复杂的数据类型时，手动执行解析和序列化操作将会变得非常复杂。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:499 +msgid "" +"Rather than having users constantly writing and debugging code to save " +"complicated data types to files, Python allows you to use the popular data " +"interchange format called `JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) " +"`_. The standard module called :mod:`json` can take " +"Python data hierarchies, and convert them to string representations; this " +"process is called :dfn:`serializing`. Reconstructing the data from the " +"string representation is called :dfn:`deserializing`. Between serializing " +"and deserializing, the string representing the object may have been stored " +"in a file or data, or sent over a network connection to some distant " +"machine." +msgstr "" +"Python 允许你使用流行的数据交换格式 `JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) " +"`_，而不是让用户持续编写和调试代码来将复杂的数据类型存入文件中。 标准库模块 :mod:`json` " +"可以接受带有层级结构的 Python 数据，并将其转换为字符串表示形式；这个过程称为 :dfn:`serializing`。 " +"根据字符串表示形式重建数据则称为 :dfn:`deserializing`。 " +"在序列化和反序列化之间，用于代表对象的字符串可以存储在文件或数据库中，或者通过网络连接发送到远端主机。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:510 +msgid "" +"The JSON format is commonly used by modern applications to allow for data " +"exchange. Many programmers are already familiar with it, which makes it a " +"good choice for interoperability." +msgstr "JSON 格式通常用于现代应用程序的数据交换。程序员早已对它耳熟能详，可谓是交互操作的不二之选。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:514 +msgid "" +"If you have an object ``x``, you can view its JSON string representation " +"with a simple line of code::" +msgstr "只需一行简单的代码即可查看某个对象的 JSON 字符串表现形式：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:517 +msgid "" +">>> import json\n" +">>> x = [1, 'simple', 'list']\n" +">>> json.dumps(x)\n" +"'[1, \"simple\", \"list\"]'" +msgstr "" +">>> import json\n" +">>> x = [1, 'simple', 'list']\n" +">>> json.dumps(x)\n" +"'[1, \"simple\", \"list\"]'" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:522 +msgid "" +"Another variant of the :func:`~json.dumps` function, called " +":func:`~json.dump`, simply serializes the object to a :term:`text file`. So" +" if ``f`` is a :term:`text file` object opened for writing, we can do this::" +msgstr "" +":func:`~json.dumps` 函数还有一个变体， :func:`~json.dump` ，它只将对象序列化为 :term:`text " +"file` 。因此，如果 ``f`` 是 :term:`text file` 对象，可以这样做：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:526 +msgid "json.dump(x, f)" +msgstr "json.dump(x, f)" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:528 +msgid "" +"To decode the object again, if ``f`` is a :term:`binary file` or :term:`text" +" file` object which has been opened for reading::" +msgstr "" +"要再次解码对象，如果 ``f`` 是已打开、供读取的 :term:`binary file` 或 :term:`text file` 对象：" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:531 +msgid "x = json.load(f)" +msgstr "x = json.load(f)" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:534 +msgid "" +"JSON files must be encoded in UTF-8. Use ``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` when opening" +" JSON file as a :term:`text file` for both of reading and writing." +msgstr "" +"JSON文件必须以UTF-8编码。当打开JSON文件作为一个 :term:`text file` 用于读写时，使用 " +"``encoding=\"utf-8\"`` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:537 +msgid "" +"This simple serialization technique can handle lists and dictionaries, but " +"serializing arbitrary class instances in JSON requires a bit of extra " +"effort. The reference for the :mod:`json` module contains an explanation of " +"this." +msgstr "" +"这种简单的序列化技术可以处理列表和字典，但在 JSON 中序列化任意类的实例，则需要付出额外努力。:mod:`json` 模块的参考包含对此的解释。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:543 +msgid ":mod:`pickle` - the pickle module" +msgstr ":mod:`pickle` - 封存模块" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Contrary to :ref:`JSON `, *pickle* is a protocol which allows the " +"serialization of arbitrarily complex Python objects. As such, it is " +"specific to Python and cannot be used to communicate with applications " +"written in other languages. It is also insecure by default: deserializing " +"pickle data coming from an untrusted source can execute arbitrary code, if " +"the data was crafted by a skilled attacker." +msgstr "" +"与 :ref:`JSON ` 不同，*pickle* 是一种允许对复杂 Python 对象进行序列化的协议。因此，它为 Python" +" 所特有，不能用于与其他语言编写的应用程序通信。默认情况下它也是不安全的：如果解序化的数据是由手段高明的攻击者精心设计的，这种不受信任来源的 " +"pickle 数据可以执行任意代码。" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:103 +msgid "formatted string literal" +msgstr "格式字符串字面值" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:103 +msgid "interpolated string literal" +msgstr "插值字符串字面值" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:103 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:103 +msgid "formatted literal" +msgstr "格式化字面值" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:103 +msgid "interpolated literal" +msgstr "插值字面值" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:103 +msgid "f-string" +msgstr "f-string -- f-字符串" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:103 +msgid "fstring" +msgstr "fstring" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:308 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:308 +msgid "open" +msgstr "open" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:308 +msgid "object" +msgstr "object -- 对象" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:308 +msgid "file" +msgstr "文件" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:490 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../tutorial/inputoutput.rst:490 +msgid "json" +msgstr "json" diff --git a/tutorial/interactive.po b/tutorial/interactive.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68520b64f --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/interactive.po @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 3vilive D , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/interactive.rst:5 +msgid "Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution" +msgstr "交互式编辑和编辑历史" + +#: ../../tutorial/interactive.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Some versions of the Python interpreter support editing of the current input" +" line and history substitution, similar to facilities found in the Korn " +"shell and the GNU Bash shell. This is implemented using the `GNU Readline`_" +" library, which supports various styles of editing. This library has its " +"own documentation which we won't duplicate here." +msgstr "" +"某些版本的 Python 解释器支持编辑当前输入行和编辑历史记录，类似 Korn shell 和 GNU Bash shell 的功能 。这个功能使用了" +" `GNU Readline`_ 来实现，一个支持多种编辑方式的库。这个库有它自己的文档，在这里我们就不重复说明了。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interactive.rst:17 +msgid "Tab Completion and History Editing" +msgstr "Tab 补全和编辑历史" + +#: ../../tutorial/interactive.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Completion of variable and module names is :ref:`automatically enabled " +"` at interpreter startup so that the :kbd:`Tab` key " +"invokes the completion function; it looks at Python statement names, the " +"current local variables, and the available module names. For dotted " +"expressions such as ``string.a``, it will evaluate the expression up to the " +"final ``'.'`` and then suggest completions from the attributes of the " +"resulting object. Note that this may execute application-defined code if an" +" object with a :meth:`~object.__getattr__` method is part of the expression." +" The default configuration also saves your history into a file named " +":file:`.python_history` in your user directory. The history will be " +"available again during the next interactive interpreter session." +msgstr "" +"在解释器启动的时候变量和模块名补全功能将 :ref:`自动启用 ` 以便在按下 :kbd:`Tab` " +"键时唤起补全函数；它会查找 Python 语句名称、当前局部变量和可用的模块名称。 对于带点号的表达式如 " +"``string.a``，它会对该表达式最后一个 ``'.'`` 之前的部分求值然后根据结果对象的属性给出补全建议。 请注意如果具有 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 方法的对象是该表达式的一部分这可能会执行应用程序定义的代码。 " +"默认配置还会将你的编辑历史保存到你的用户目录下名为 :file:`.python_history` 的文件。 " +"该历史在下一次交互式解释器会话期间将继续可用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interactive.rst:36 +msgid "Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter" +msgstr "默认交互式解释器的替代品" + +#: ../../tutorial/interactive.rst:38 +msgid "" +"This facility is an enormous step forward compared to earlier versions of " +"the interpreter; however, some wishes are left: It would be nice if the " +"proper indentation were suggested on continuation lines (the parser knows if" +" an :data:`~token.INDENT` token is required next). The completion mechanism" +" might use the interpreter's symbol table. A command to check (or even " +"suggest) matching parentheses, quotes, etc., would also be useful." +msgstr "" +"此功能相比较早版本的解释器是很大的进步；不过，还有一些需求没有实现：如果能为连续行提示正确的缩进就更好了（解析器知道接下来是否需要 " +":data:`~token.INDENT` 词元）。 补全机制或许可以使用解释器的符号表。 使用一个命令来检查（甚至提示）匹配括号、引号等也会很有帮助。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interactive.rst:45 +msgid "" +"One alternative enhanced interactive interpreter that has been around for " +"quite some time is IPython_, which features tab completion, object " +"exploration and advanced history management. It can also be thoroughly " +"customized and embedded into other applications. Another similar enhanced " +"interactive environment is bpython_." +msgstr "" +"一个可选的增强型交互式解释器是 IPython_，它已经存在了有一段时间，它具有 tab " +"补全，探索对象和高级历史记录管理功能。它还可以彻底定制并嵌入到其他应用程序中。另一个相似的增强型交互式环境是 bpython_。" diff --git a/tutorial/interpreter.po b/tutorial/interpreter.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f67661256 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/interpreter.po @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:5 +msgid "Using the Python Interpreter" +msgstr "使用 Python 的解释器" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:11 +msgid "Invoking the Interpreter" +msgstr "唤出解释器" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter is usually installed as " +"|usr_local_bin_python_x_dot_y_literal| on those machines where it is " +"available; putting :file:`/usr/local/bin` in your Unix shell's search path " +"makes it possible to start it by typing the command:" +msgstr "" +"在可用的机器上 Python 解释器通常被安装为 |usr_local_bin_python_x_dot_y_literal|；将 " +":file:`/usr/local/bin` 加入你的 Unix shell 搜索路径就可以通过键入以下命令来启动它：" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:17 +msgid "python3.13" +msgstr "python3.13" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:21 +msgid "" +"to the shell. [#]_ Since the choice of the directory where the interpreter " +"lives is an installation option, other places are possible; check with your " +"local Python guru or system administrator. (E.g., :file:`/usr/local/python`" +" is a popular alternative location.)" +msgstr "" +"这样，就可以在 shell 中运行 Python 了 [#]_ 。因为可以选择安装目录，解释器也有可能安装在别的位置；如果还不明白，就去问问身边的 " +"Python 大神或系统管理员。（例如，常见备选路径还有 :file:`/usr/local/python`。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:26 +msgid "" +"On Windows machines where you have installed Python from the :ref:`Microsoft" +" Store `, the |python_x_dot_y_literal| command will be " +"available. If you have the :ref:`py.exe launcher ` installed, you " +"can use the :file:`py` command. See :ref:`setting-envvars` for other ways to" +" launch Python." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 机器上当你从 :ref:`Microsoft Store ` 安装 Python " +"之后，|python_x_dot_y_literal| 命令将可使用。 如果你安装了 :ref:`py.exe 启动器 " +"`，你将可以使用 :file:`py` 命令。 请参阅 :ref:`setting-envvars` 了解其他启动 Python " +"的方式。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:31 +msgid "" +"Typing an end-of-file character (:kbd:`Control-D` on Unix, :kbd:`Control-Z` " +"on Windows) at the primary prompt causes the interpreter to exit with a zero" +" exit status. If that doesn't work, you can exit the interpreter by typing " +"the following command: ``quit()``." +msgstr "" +"在主提示符中，输入文件结束符（Unix 里是 :kbd:`Control-D`，Windows 里是 " +":kbd:`Control-Z`），就会退出解释器，退出状态码为 0。如果不能退出，还可以输入这个命令：``quit()``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The interpreter's line-editing features include interactive editing, history" +" substitution and code completion on systems that support the `GNU Readline " +"`_ library. Perhaps " +"the quickest check to see whether command line editing is supported is " +"typing :kbd:`Control-P` to the first Python prompt you get. If it beeps, " +"you have command line editing; see Appendix :ref:`tut-interacting` for an " +"introduction to the keys. If nothing appears to happen, or if ``^P`` is " +"echoed, command line editing isn't available; you'll only be able to use " +"backspace to remove characters from the current line." +msgstr "" +"在支持 `GNU Readline `_ " +"库的系统中，解释器的行编辑功能包括交互式编辑、历史替换、代码补全等。检测是否支持命令行编辑最快速的方式是，在首次出现 Python 提示符时，输入 " +":kbd:`Control-P`。听到“哔”提示音，说明支持行编辑；请参阅附录 :ref:`tut-" +"interacting`，了解功能键。如果没有反应，或回显了 ``^P``，则说明不支持行编辑；只能用退格键删除当前行的字符。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:46 +msgid "" +"The interpreter operates somewhat like the Unix shell: when called with " +"standard input connected to a tty device, it reads and executes commands " +"interactively; when called with a file name argument or with a file as " +"standard input, it reads and executes a *script* from that file." +msgstr "" +"解释器的操作方式类似 Unix Shell：用与 tty " +"设备关联的标准输入调用时，可以交互式地读取和执行命令；以文件名参数，或标准输入文件调用时，则读取并执行文件中的 *脚本*。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:51 +msgid "" +"A second way of starting the interpreter is ``python -c command [arg] ...``," +" which executes the statement(s) in *command*, analogous to the shell's " +":option:`-c` option. Since Python statements often contain spaces or other " +"characters that are special to the shell, it is usually advised to quote " +"*command* in its entirety." +msgstr "" +"另一种启动解释器的方式是 ``python -c command [arg] ...``，这将执行 *command* 中的语句，相当于 shell 的" +" :option:`-c` 选项。 由于 Python 语句经常包含空格或其他会被 shell 特殊对待的字符，通常建议用引号将整个 *command*" +" 括起来。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Some Python modules are also useful as scripts. These can be invoked using " +"``python -m module [arg] ...``, which executes the source file for *module* " +"as if you had spelled out its full name on the command line." +msgstr "" +"Python 模块也可以当作脚本使用。输入：``python -m module [arg] ...``，会执行 *module* " +"的源文件，这跟在命令行把路径写全了一样。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:61 +msgid "" +"When a script file is used, it is sometimes useful to be able to run the " +"script and enter interactive mode afterwards. This can be done by passing " +":option:`-i` before the script." +msgstr "在交互模式下运行脚本文件，只要在脚本名称参数前，加上选项 :option:`-i` 就可以了。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:65 +msgid "All command line options are described in :ref:`using-on-general`." +msgstr "命令行的所有选项详见 :ref:`using-on-general`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:71 +msgid "Argument Passing" +msgstr "传入参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:73 +msgid "" +"When known to the interpreter, the script name and additional arguments " +"thereafter are turned into a list of strings and assigned to the ``argv`` " +"variable in the ``sys`` module. You can access this list by executing " +"``import sys``. The length of the list is at least one; when no script and " +"no arguments are given, ``sys.argv[0]`` is an empty string. When the script" +" name is given as ``'-'`` (meaning standard input), ``sys.argv[0]`` is set " +"to ``'-'``. When :option:`-c` *command* is used, ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to " +"``'-c'``. When :option:`-m` *module* is used, ``sys.argv[0]`` is set to " +"the full name of the located module. Options found after :option:`-c` " +"*command* or :option:`-m` *module* are not consumed by the Python " +"interpreter's option processing but left in ``sys.argv`` for the command or" +" module to handle." +msgstr "" +"解释器读取命令行参数，把脚本名与其他参数转化为字符串列表存到 ``sys`` 模块的 ``argv`` 变量里。执行 ``import " +"sys``，可以导入这个模块，并访问该列表。该列表最少有一个元素；未给定输入参数时，``sys.argv[0]`` 是空字符串。给定脚本名是 " +"``'-'`` （标准输入）时，``sys.argv[0]`` 是 ``'-'``。使用 :option:`-c` *command* " +"时，``sys.argv[0]`` 是 ``'-c'``。如果使用选项 :option:`-m` *module*，``sys.argv[0]`` " +"就是包含目录的模块全名。解释器不处理 :option:`-c` *command* 或 :option:`-m` *module* " +"之后的选项，而是直接留在 ``sys.argv`` 中由命令或模块来处理。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:89 +msgid "Interactive Mode" +msgstr "交互模式" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:91 +msgid "" +"When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is said to be in " +"*interactive mode*. In this mode it prompts for the next command with the " +"*primary prompt*, usually three greater-than signs (``>>>``); for " +"continuation lines it prompts with the *secondary prompt*, by default three " +"dots (``...``). The interpreter prints a welcome message stating its version" +" number and a copyright notice before printing the first prompt:" +msgstr "" +"在终端（tty）输入并执行指令时，解释器在 *交互模式（interactive mode）* 中运行。在这种模式中，会显示 " +"*主提示符*，提示输入下一条指令，主提示符通常用三个大于号（``>>>``）表示；输入连续行时，显示 " +"*次要提示符*，默认是三个点（``...``）。进入解释器时，首先显示欢迎信息、版本信息、版权声明，然后才是提示符：" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:98 +msgid "" +"$ python3.13\n" +"Python 3.13 (default, April 4 2023, 09:25:04)\n" +"[GCC 10.2.0] on linux\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +"$ python3.13\n" +"Python 3.13 (default, April 4 2023, 09:25:04)\n" +"[GCC 10.2.0] on linux\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Continuation lines are needed when entering a multi-line construct. As an " +"example, take a look at this :keyword:`if` statement::" +msgstr "输入多行架构的语句时，要用连续行。以 :keyword:`if` 为例：" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:111 +msgid "" +">>> the_world_is_flat = True\n" +">>> if the_world_is_flat:\n" +"... print(\"Be careful not to fall off!\")\n" +"...\n" +"Be careful not to fall off!" +msgstr "" +">>> the_world_is_flat = True\n" +">>> if the_world_is_flat:\n" +"... print(\"Be careful not to fall off!\")\n" +"...\n" +"Be careful not to fall off!" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:118 +msgid "For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`." +msgstr "交互模式的内容详见 :ref:`tut-interac`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:124 +msgid "The Interpreter and Its Environment" +msgstr "解释器的运行环境" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:130 +msgid "Source Code Encoding" +msgstr "源文件的字符编码" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:132 +msgid "" +"By default, Python source files are treated as encoded in UTF-8. In that " +"encoding, characters of most languages in the world can be used " +"simultaneously in string literals, identifiers and comments --- although the" +" standard library only uses ASCII characters for identifiers, a convention " +"that any portable code should follow. To display all these characters " +"properly, your editor must recognize that the file is UTF-8, and it must use" +" a font that supports all the characters in the file." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，Python 源码文件的编码是 UTF-8。这种编码支持世界上大多数语言的字符，可以用于字符串字面值、变量、函数名及注释 —— " +"尽管标准库只用常规的 ASCII 字符作为变量名或函数名，可移植代码都应遵守此约定。要正确显示这些字符，编辑器必须能识别 UTF-8 " +"编码，而且必须使用支持文件中所有字符的字体。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:140 +msgid "" +"To declare an encoding other than the default one, a special comment line " +"should be added as the *first* line of the file. The syntax is as follows::" +msgstr "如果不使用默认编码，则要声明文件的编码，文件的 *第一* 行要写成特殊注释。句法如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:143 +msgid "# -*- coding: encoding -*-" +msgstr "# -*- coding: encoding -*-" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:145 +msgid "" +"where *encoding* is one of the valid :mod:`codecs` supported by Python." +msgstr "其中，*encoding* 可以是 Python 支持的任意一种 :mod:`codecs`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:147 +msgid "" +"For example, to declare that Windows-1252 encoding is to be used, the first " +"line of your source code file should be::" +msgstr "比如，声明使用 Windows-1252 编码，源码文件要写成：" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:150 +msgid "# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-" +msgstr "# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:152 +msgid "" +"One exception to the *first line* rule is when the source code starts with a" +" :ref:`UNIX \"shebang\" line `. In this case, the encoding " +"declaration should be added as the second line of the file. For example::" +msgstr "" +"*第一行* 的规则也有一种例外情况，源码以 :ref:`UNIX \"shebang\" 行 ` " +"开头。此时，编码声明要写在文件的第二行。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:156 +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-" +msgstr "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python3\n" +"# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:160 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/interpreter.rst:161 +msgid "" +"On Unix, the Python 3.x interpreter is by default not installed with the " +"executable named ``python``, so that it does not conflict with a " +"simultaneously installed Python 2.x executable." +msgstr "" +"Unix 系统中，为了不与同时安装的 Python 2.x 冲突，Python 3.x 解释器默认安装的执行文件名不是 ``python``。" diff --git a/tutorial/introduction.po b/tutorial/introduction.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c17032bf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/introduction.po @@ -0,0 +1,1190 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# eric R , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# ww song , 2022 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:5 +msgid "An Informal Introduction to Python" +msgstr "Python 速览" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:7 +msgid "" +"In the following examples, input and output are distinguished by the " +"presence or absence of prompts (:term:`>>>` and :term:`...`): to repeat the " +"example, you must type everything after the prompt, when the prompt appears;" +" lines that do not begin with a prompt are output from the interpreter. Note" +" that a secondary prompt on a line by itself in an example means you must " +"type a blank line; this is used to end a multi-line command." +msgstr "" +"下面的例子以是否显示提示符（:term:`>>>` 与 " +":term:`...`）区分输入与输出：输入例子中的代码时，要键入以提示符开头的行中提示符后的所有内容；未以提示符开头的行是解释器的输出。注意，例子中的某行出现的第二个提示符是用来结束多行命令的，此时，要键入一个空白行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:16 +msgid "" +"You can toggle the display of prompts and output by clicking on ``>>>`` in " +"the upper-right corner of an example box. If you hide the prompts and " +"output for an example, then you can easily copy and paste the input lines " +"into your interpreter." +msgstr "" +"你可以通过在示例方块右上角的 ``>>>`` 上点击来切换显示提示符和输出。 " +"如果你隐藏了一个示例的提示符和输出，那么你可以方便地将输入行复制并粘贴到你的解释器中。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Many of the examples in this manual, even those entered at the interactive " +"prompt, include comments. Comments in Python start with the hash character," +" ``#``, and extend to the end of the physical line. A comment may appear at" +" the start of a line or following whitespace or code, but not within a " +"string literal. A hash character within a string literal is just a hash " +"character. Since comments are to clarify code and are not interpreted by " +"Python, they may be omitted when typing in examples." +msgstr "" +"本手册中的许多例子，甚至交互式命令都包含注释。Python 注释以 ``#`` " +"开头，直到该物理行结束。注释可以在行开头，或空白符与代码之后，但不能在字符串里面。字符串中的 # 号就是 # 号。注释用于阐明代码，Python " +"不解释注释，键入例子时，可以不输入注释。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:31 +msgid "Some examples::" +msgstr "示例如下：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:33 +msgid "" +"# this is the first comment\n" +"spam = 1 # and this is the second comment\n" +" # ... and now a third!\n" +"text = \"# This is not a comment because it's inside quotes.\"" +msgstr "" +"# 这是第一条注释\n" +"spam = 1 # 而这是第二条注释\n" +" # ... 而这是第三条！\n" +"text = \"# 这不是注释因为它是在引号之内。\"" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:42 +msgid "Using Python as a Calculator" +msgstr "Python 用作计算器" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:44 +msgid "" +"Let's try some simple Python commands. Start the interpreter and wait for " +"the primary prompt, ``>>>``. (It shouldn't take long.)" +msgstr "现在，尝试一些简单的 Python 命令。启动解释器，等待主提示符（``>>>`` ）出现。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:51 +msgid "Numbers" +msgstr "数字" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The interpreter acts as a simple calculator: you can type an expression at " +"it and it will write the value. Expression syntax is straightforward: the " +"operators ``+``, ``-``, ``*`` and ``/`` can be used to perform arithmetic; " +"parentheses (``()``) can be used for grouping. For example::" +msgstr "" +"解释器像一个简单的计算器：你可以输入一个表达式，它将给出结果值。 表达式语法很直观：运算符 ``+``, ``-``, ``*`` 和 ``/`` " +"可被用来执行算术运算；圆括号 (``()``) 可被用来进行分组。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:59 +msgid "" +">>> 2 + 2\n" +"4\n" +">>> 50 - 5*6\n" +"20\n" +">>> (50 - 5*6) / 4\n" +"5.0\n" +">>> 8 / 5 # division always returns a floating-point number\n" +"1.6" +msgstr "" +">>> 2 + 2\n" +"4\n" +">>> 50 - 5*6\n" +"20\n" +">>> (50 - 5*6) / 4\n" +"5.0\n" +">>> 8 / 5 # 除法运算总是返回一个浮点数\n" +"1.6" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The integer numbers (e.g. ``2``, ``4``, ``20``) have type :class:`int`, the " +"ones with a fractional part (e.g. ``5.0``, ``1.6``) have type " +":class:`float`. We will see more about numeric types later in the tutorial." +msgstr "" +"整数（如，``2``、``4``、``20`` ）的类型是 :class:`int`，带小数（如，``5.0``、``1.6`` ）的类型是 " +":class:`float`。本教程后半部分将介绍更多数字类型。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Division (``/``) always returns a float. To do :term:`floor division` and " +"get an integer result you can use the ``//`` operator; to calculate the " +"remainder you can use ``%``::" +msgstr "" +"除法运算 (``/``) 总是返回浮点数。 如果要做 :term:`floor division` 得到一个整数结果你可以使用 ``//`` " +"运算符；要计算余数你可以使用 ``%``::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:76 +msgid "" +">>> 17 / 3 # classic division returns a float\n" +"5.666666666666667\n" +">>>\n" +">>> 17 // 3 # floor division discards the fractional part\n" +"5\n" +">>> 17 % 3 # the % operator returns the remainder of the division\n" +"2\n" +">>> 5 * 3 + 2 # floored quotient * divisor + remainder\n" +"17" +msgstr "" +">>> 17 / 3 # 经典除法运算返回一个浮点数\n" +"5.666666666666667\n" +">>>\n" +">>> 17 // 3 # 向下取整除法运算会丢弃小数部分\n" +"5\n" +">>> 17 % 3 # % 运算返回相除的余数\n" +"2\n" +">>> 5 * 3 + 2 # 向下取整的商 * 除数 + 余数\n" +"17" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:86 +msgid "" +"With Python, it is possible to use the ``**`` operator to calculate powers " +"[#]_::" +msgstr "Python 用 ``**`` 运算符计算乘方 [#]_：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:88 +msgid "" +">>> 5 ** 2 # 5 squared\n" +"25\n" +">>> 2 ** 7 # 2 to the power of 7\n" +"128" +msgstr "" +">>> 5 ** 2 # 5 的平方\n" +"25\n" +">>> 2 ** 7 # 2 的 7 次方\n" +"128" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The equal sign (``=``) is used to assign a value to a variable. Afterwards, " +"no result is displayed before the next interactive prompt::" +msgstr "等号（``=``）用于给变量赋值。赋值后，下一个交互提示符的位置不显示任何结果：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:96 +msgid "" +">>> width = 20\n" +">>> height = 5 * 9\n" +">>> width * height\n" +"900" +msgstr "" +">>> width = 20\n" +">>> height = 5 * 9\n" +">>> width * height\n" +"900" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:101 +msgid "" +"If a variable is not \"defined\" (assigned a value), trying to use it will " +"give you an error::" +msgstr "如果变量未定义（即，未赋值），使用该变量会提示错误：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:104 +msgid "" +">>> n # try to access an undefined variable\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"NameError: name 'n' is not defined" +msgstr "" +">>> n # 试图访问一个未定义的变量\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"NameError: name 'n' is not defined" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:109 +msgid "" +"There is full support for floating point; operators with mixed type operands" +" convert the integer operand to floating point::" +msgstr "Python 全面支持浮点数；混合类型运算数的运算会把整数转换为浮点数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:112 +msgid "" +">>> 4 * 3.75 - 1\n" +"14.0" +msgstr "" +">>> 4 * 3.75 - 1\n" +"14.0" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:115 +msgid "" +"In interactive mode, the last printed expression is assigned to the variable" +" ``_``. This means that when you are using Python as a desk calculator, it " +"is somewhat easier to continue calculations, for example::" +msgstr "交互模式下，上次输出的表达式会赋给变量 ``_``。把 Python 当作计算器时，用该变量实现下一步计算更简单，例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:119 +msgid "" +">>> tax = 12.5 / 100\n" +">>> price = 100.50\n" +">>> price * tax\n" +"12.5625\n" +">>> price + _\n" +"113.0625\n" +">>> round(_, 2)\n" +"113.06" +msgstr "" +">>> tax = 12.5 / 100\n" +">>> price = 100.50\n" +">>> price * tax\n" +"12.5625\n" +">>> price + _\n" +"113.0625\n" +">>> round(_, 2)\n" +"113.06" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:128 +msgid "" +"This variable should be treated as read-only by the user. Don't explicitly " +"assign a value to it --- you would create an independent local variable with" +" the same name masking the built-in variable with its magic behavior." +msgstr "最好把该变量当作只读类型。不要为它显式赋值，否则会创建一个同名独立局部变量，该变量会用它的魔法行为屏蔽内置变量。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:132 +msgid "" +"In addition to :class:`int` and :class:`float`, Python supports other types " +"of numbers, such as :class:`~decimal.Decimal` and " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction`. Python also has built-in support for " +":ref:`complex numbers `, and uses the ``j`` or ``J`` suffix to" +" indicate the imaginary part (e.g. ``3+5j``)." +msgstr "" +"除了 :class:`int` 和 :class:`float`，Python 还支持其他数字类型，例如 " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` 或 :class:`~fractions.Fraction`。Python 还内置支持 " +":ref:`复数 `，后缀 ``j`` 或 ``J`` 用于表示虚数（例如 ``3+5j`` ）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:142 +msgid "Text" +msgstr "文本" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:144 +msgid "" +"Python can manipulate text (represented by type :class:`str`, so-called " +"\"strings\") as well as numbers. This includes characters \"``!``\", words " +"\"``rabbit``\", names \"``Paris``\", sentences \"``Got your back.``\", etc. " +"\"``Yay! :)``\". They can be enclosed in single quotes (``'...'``) or double" +" quotes (``\"...\"``) with the same result [#]_." +msgstr "" +"除了数字 Python 还可以操作文本（由 :class:`str` 类型表示，称为“字符串”）。 这包括字符 \"``!``\", 单词 " +"\"``rabbit``\", 名称 \"``Paris``\", 句子 \"``Got your back.``\" 等等. \"``Yay! " +":)``\"。 它们可以用成对的单引号 (``'...'``) 或双引号 (``\"...\"``) 来标示，结果完全相同 [#]_。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:157 +msgid "" +"To quote a quote, we need to \"escape\" it, by preceding it with ``\\``. " +"Alternatively, we can use the other type of quotation marks::" +msgstr "要标示引号本身，我们需要对它进行“转义”，即在前面加一个 ``\\``。 或者，我们也可以使用不同类型的引号::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:160 +msgid "" +">>> 'doesn\\'t' # use \\' to escape the single quote...\n" +"\"doesn't\"\n" +">>> \"doesn't\" # ...or use double quotes instead\n" +"\"doesn't\"\n" +">>> '\"Yes,\" they said.'\n" +"'\"Yes,\" they said.'\n" +">>> \"\\\"Yes,\\\" they said.\"\n" +"'\"Yes,\" they said.'\n" +">>> '\"Isn\\'t,\" they said.'\n" +"'\"Isn\\'t,\" they said.'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'doesn\\'t' # 使用 \\' 来转义单引号...\n" +"\"doesn't\"\n" +">>> \"doesn't\" # ...或者改用双引号\n" +"\"doesn't\"\n" +">>> '\"Yes,\" they said.'\n" +"'\"Yes,\" they said.'\n" +">>> \"\\\"Yes,\\\" they said.\"\n" +"'\"Yes,\" they said.'\n" +">>> '\"Isn\\'t,\" they said.'\n" +"'\"Isn\\'t,\" they said.'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:171 +msgid "" +"In the Python shell, the string definition and output string can look " +"different. The :func:`print` function produces a more readable output, by " +"omitting the enclosing quotes and by printing escaped and special " +"characters::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python shell 中，字符串定义和输出字符串看起来可能不同。 :func:`print` " +"函数会略去标示用的引号，并打印经过转义的特殊字符，产生更为易读的输出::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:175 +msgid "" +">>> s = 'First line.\\nSecond line.' # \\n means newline\n" +">>> s # without print(), special characters are included in the string\n" +"'First line.\\nSecond line.'\n" +">>> print(s) # with print(), special characters are interpreted, so \\n produces new line\n" +"First line.\n" +"Second line." +msgstr "" +">>> s = 'First line.\\nSecond line.' # \\n 表示换行符\n" +">>> s # 不用 print()，特殊字符将包括在字符串中\n" +"'First line.\\nSecond line.'\n" +">>> print(s) # 用 print()，特殊字符会被转写，因此 \\n 将产生一个新行\n" +"First line.\n" +"Second line." + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:182 +msgid "" +"If you don't want characters prefaced by ``\\`` to be interpreted as special" +" characters, you can use *raw strings* by adding an ``r`` before the first " +"quote::" +msgstr "如果不希望前置 ``\\`` 的字符转义成特殊字符，可以使用 *原始字符串*，在引号前添加 ``r`` 即可：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:186 +msgid "" +">>> print('C:\\some\\name') # here \\n means newline!\n" +"C:\\some\n" +"ame\n" +">>> print(r'C:\\some\\name') # note the r before the quote\n" +"C:\\some\\name" +msgstr "" +">>> print('C:\\some\\name') # 这里 \\n 表示换行符！\n" +"C:\\some\n" +"ame\n" +">>> print(r'C:\\some\\name') # 请注意引号前的 r\n" +"C:\\some\\name" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:192 +msgid "" +"There is one subtle aspect to raw strings: a raw string may not end in an " +"odd number of ``\\`` characters; see :ref:`the FAQ entry ` for more information and workarounds." +msgstr "" +"原始字符串还有一个微妙的限制：一个原始字符串不能以奇数个 ``\\`` 字符结束；请参阅 :ref:`此 FAQ 条目 ` 了解更多信息及绕过的办法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:197 +msgid "" +"String literals can span multiple lines. One way is using triple-quotes: " +"``\"\"\"...\"\"\"`` or ``'''...'''``. End-of-line characters are " +"automatically included in the string, but it's possible to prevent this by " +"adding a ``\\`` at the end of the line. In the following example, the " +"initial newline is not included::" +msgstr "" +"字符串字面值可以跨越多行。 一种做法是使用三重引号: ``\"\"\"...\"\"\"`` 或 ``'''...'''``。 " +"行结束符会自动包括在字符串中，但可以通过在行尾添加 ``\\`` 来避免此行为。 在下面的例子中，开头的换行符将不会被包括::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:203 +msgid "" +">>> print(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]\n" +"... -h Display this usage message\n" +"... -H hostname Hostname to connect to\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +"Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]\n" +" -h Display this usage message\n" +" -H hostname Hostname to connect to\n" +"\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> print(\"\"\"\\\n" +"... Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]\n" +"... -h Display this usage message\n" +"... -H hostname Hostname to connect to\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +"Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]\n" +" -h Display this usage message\n" +" -H hostname Hostname to connect to\n" +"\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the ``+`` operator, and " +"repeated with ``*``::" +msgstr "字符串可以用 ``+`` 合并（粘到一起），也可以用 ``*`` 重复：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:217 +msgid "" +">>> # 3 times 'un', followed by 'ium'\n" +">>> 3 * 'un' + 'ium'\n" +"'unununium'" +msgstr "" +">>> # 3 乘以 'un'，再加 'ium'\n" +">>> 3 * 'un' + 'ium'\n" +"'unununium'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:221 +msgid "" +"Two or more *string literals* (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes) next " +"to each other are automatically concatenated. ::" +msgstr "相邻的两个或多个 *字符串字面值* （引号标注的字符）会自动合并：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:224 +msgid "" +">>> 'Py' 'thon'\n" +"'Python'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'Py' 'thon'\n" +"'Python'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:227 +msgid "" +"This feature is particularly useful when you want to break long strings::" +msgstr "拼接分隔开的长字符串时，这个功能特别实用：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:229 +msgid "" +">>> text = ('Put several strings within parentheses '\n" +"... 'to have them joined together.')\n" +">>> text\n" +"'Put several strings within parentheses to have them joined together.'" +msgstr "" +">>> text = ('Put several strings within parentheses '\n" +"... 'to have them joined together.')\n" +">>> text\n" +"'Put several strings within parentheses to have them joined together.'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:234 +msgid "" +"This only works with two literals though, not with variables or " +"expressions::" +msgstr "这项功能只能用于两个字面值，不能用于变量或表达式：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:236 +msgid "" +">>> prefix = 'Py'\n" +">>> prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" prefix 'thon'\n" +" ^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax\n" +">>> ('un' * 3) 'ium'\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" ('un' * 3) 'ium'\n" +" ^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax" +msgstr "" +">>> prefix = 'Py'\n" +">>> prefix 'thon' # 不能拼接变量和字符串字面值\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" prefix 'thon'\n" +" ^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax\n" +">>> ('un' * 3) 'ium'\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" ('un' * 3) 'ium'\n" +" ^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:248 +msgid "" +"If you want to concatenate variables or a variable and a literal, use " +"``+``::" +msgstr "合并多个变量，或合并变量与字面值，要用 ``+``：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:250 +msgid "" +">>> prefix + 'thon'\n" +"'Python'" +msgstr "" +">>> prefix + 'thon'\n" +"'Python'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Strings can be *indexed* (subscripted), with the first character having " +"index 0. There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string" +" of size one::" +msgstr "字符串支持 *索引* （下标访问），第一个字符的索引是 0。单字符没有专用的类型，就是长度为一的字符串：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:257 +msgid "" +">>> word = 'Python'\n" +">>> word[0] # character in position 0\n" +"'P'\n" +">>> word[5] # character in position 5\n" +"'n'" +msgstr "" +">>> word = 'Python'\n" +">>> word[0] # 0 号位的字符\n" +"'P'\n" +">>> word[5] # 5 号位的字符\n" +"'n'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Indices may also be negative numbers, to start counting from the right::" +msgstr "索引还支持负数，用负数索引时，从右边开始计数：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:265 +msgid "" +">>> word[-1] # last character\n" +"'n'\n" +">>> word[-2] # second-last character\n" +"'o'\n" +">>> word[-6]\n" +"'P'" +msgstr "" +">>> word[-1] # 最后一个字符\n" +"'n'\n" +">>> word[-2] # 倒数第二个字符\n" +"'o'\n" +">>> word[-6]\n" +"'P'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:272 +msgid "Note that since -0 is the same as 0, negative indices start from -1." +msgstr "注意，-0 和 0 一样，因此，负数索引从 -1 开始。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:274 +msgid "" +"In addition to indexing, *slicing* is also supported. While indexing is " +"used to obtain individual characters, *slicing* allows you to obtain a " +"substring::" +msgstr "除了索引操作，还支持 *切片*。 索引用来获取单个字符，而 *切片* 允许你获取子字符串::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:277 +msgid "" +">>> word[0:2] # characters from position 0 (included) to 2 (excluded)\n" +"'Py'\n" +">>> word[2:5] # characters from position 2 (included) to 5 (excluded)\n" +"'tho'" +msgstr "" +">>> word[0:2] # 从 0 号位 (含) 到 2 号位 (不含) 的字符\n" +"'Py'\n" +">>> word[2:5] # 从 2 号位 (含) 到 5 号位 (不含) 的字符\n" +"'tho'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Slice indices have useful defaults; an omitted first index defaults to zero," +" an omitted second index defaults to the size of the string being sliced. ::" +msgstr "切片索引的默认值很有用；省略开始索引时，默认值为 0，省略结束索引时，默认为到字符串的结尾：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:285 +msgid "" +">>> word[:2] # character from the beginning to position 2 (excluded)\n" +"'Py'\n" +">>> word[4:] # characters from position 4 (included) to the end\n" +"'on'\n" +">>> word[-2:] # characters from the second-last (included) to the end\n" +"'on'" +msgstr "" +">>> word[:2] # 从开头到 2 号位 (不含) 的字符\n" +"'Py'\n" +">>> word[4:] # 从 4 号位 (含) 到末尾\n" +"'on'\n" +">>> word[-2:] # 从倒数第二个 (含) 到末尾\n" +"'on'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Note how the start is always included, and the end always excluded. This " +"makes sure that ``s[:i] + s[i:]`` is always equal to ``s``::" +msgstr "注意，输出结果包含切片开始，但不包含切片结束。因此，``s[:i] + s[i:]`` 总是等于 ``s``：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:295 +msgid "" +">>> word[:2] + word[2:]\n" +"'Python'\n" +">>> word[:4] + word[4:]\n" +"'Python'" +msgstr "" +">>> word[:2] + word[2:]\n" +"'Python'\n" +">>> word[:4] + word[4:]\n" +"'Python'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:300 +msgid "" +"One way to remember how slices work is to think of the indices as pointing " +"*between* characters, with the left edge of the first character numbered 0. " +"Then the right edge of the last character of a string of *n* characters has " +"index *n*, for example::" +msgstr "还可以这样理解切片，索引指向的是字符 *之间* ，第一个字符的左侧标为 0，最后一个字符的右侧标为 *n* ，*n* 是字符串长度。例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:305 +msgid "" +" +---+---+---+---+---+---+\n" +" | P | y | t | h | o | n |\n" +" +---+---+---+---+---+---+\n" +" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6\n" +"-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1" +msgstr "" +" +---+---+---+---+---+---+\n" +" | P | y | t | h | o | n |\n" +" +---+---+---+---+---+---+\n" +" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6\n" +"-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:311 +msgid "" +"The first row of numbers gives the position of the indices 0...6 in the " +"string; the second row gives the corresponding negative indices. The slice " +"from *i* to *j* consists of all characters between the edges labeled *i* and" +" *j*, respectively." +msgstr "" +"第一行数字是字符串中索引 0...6 的位置，第二行数字是对应的负数索引位置。*i* 到 *j* 的切片由 *i* 和 *j* 之间所有对应的字符组成。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:316 +msgid "" +"For non-negative indices, the length of a slice is the difference of the " +"indices, if both are within bounds. For example, the length of " +"``word[1:3]`` is 2." +msgstr "对于使用非负索引的切片，如果两个索引都不越界，切片长度就是起止索引之差。例如， ``word[1:3]`` 的长度是 2。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:320 +msgid "Attempting to use an index that is too large will result in an error::" +msgstr "索引越界会报错：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:322 +msgid "" +">>> word[42] # the word only has 6 characters\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"IndexError: string index out of range" +msgstr "" +">>> word[42] # word 只有 6 个字符\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"IndexError: string index out of range" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:327 +msgid "" +"However, out of range slice indexes are handled gracefully when used for " +"slicing::" +msgstr "但是，切片会自动处理越界索引：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:330 +msgid "" +">>> word[4:42]\n" +"'on'\n" +">>> word[42:]\n" +"''" +msgstr "" +">>> word[4:42]\n" +"'on'\n" +">>> word[42:]\n" +"''" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Python strings cannot be changed --- they are :term:`immutable`. Therefore, " +"assigning to an indexed position in the string results in an error::" +msgstr "Python 字符串不能修改，是 :term:`immutable` 的。因此，为字符串中某个索引位置赋值会报错：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:338 +msgid "" +">>> word[0] = 'J'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment\n" +">>> word[2:] = 'py'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment" +msgstr "" +">>> word[0] = 'J'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment\n" +">>> word[2:] = 'py'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:347 +msgid "If you need a different string, you should create a new one::" +msgstr "要生成不同的字符串，应新建一个字符串：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:349 +msgid "" +">>> 'J' + word[1:]\n" +"'Jython'\n" +">>> word[:2] + 'py'\n" +"'Pypy'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'J' + word[1:]\n" +"'Jython'\n" +">>> word[:2] + 'py'\n" +"'Pypy'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:354 +msgid "The built-in function :func:`len` returns the length of a string::" +msgstr "内置函数 :func:`len` 返回字符串的长度：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:356 +msgid "" +">>> s = 'supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'\n" +">>> len(s)\n" +"34" +msgstr "" +">>> s = 'supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'\n" +">>> len(s)\n" +"34" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:363 +msgid ":ref:`textseq`" +msgstr ":ref:`textseq`" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:364 +msgid "" +"Strings are examples of *sequence types*, and support the common operations " +"supported by such types." +msgstr "字符串是 *序列类型* ，支持序列类型的各种操作。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:367 +msgid ":ref:`string-methods`" +msgstr ":ref:`string-methods`" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Strings support a large number of methods for basic transformations and " +"searching." +msgstr "字符串支持很多变形与查找方法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:371 +msgid ":ref:`f-strings`" +msgstr ":ref:`f-strings`" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:372 +msgid "String literals that have embedded expressions." +msgstr "内嵌表达式的字符串字面值。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:374 +msgid ":ref:`formatstrings`" +msgstr ":ref:`formatstrings`" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:375 +msgid "Information about string formatting with :meth:`str.format`." +msgstr "使用 :meth:`str.format` 格式化字符串。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:377 +msgid ":ref:`old-string-formatting`" +msgstr ":ref:`old-string-formatting`" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:378 +msgid "" +"The old formatting operations invoked when strings are the left operand of " +"the ``%`` operator are described in more detail here." +msgstr "这里详述了用 ``%`` 运算符格式化字符串的操作。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:385 +msgid "Lists" +msgstr "列表" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Python knows a number of *compound* data types, used to group together other" +" values. The most versatile is the *list*, which can be written as a list " +"of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Lists might " +"contain items of different types, but usually the items all have the same " +"type. ::" +msgstr "" +"Python 支持多种 *复合* 数据类型，可将不同值组合在一起。最常用的 *列表* ，是用方括号标注，逗号分隔的一组值。*列表* " +"可以包含不同类型的元素，但一般情况下，各个元素的类型相同：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:392 +msgid "" +">>> squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n" +">>> squares\n" +"[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]" +msgstr "" +">>> squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]\n" +">>> squares\n" +"[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:396 +msgid "" +"Like strings (and all other built-in :term:`sequence` types), lists can be " +"indexed and sliced::" +msgstr "和字符串（及其他内置 :term:`sequence` 类型）一样，列表也支持索引和切片：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:399 +msgid "" +">>> squares[0] # indexing returns the item\n" +"1\n" +">>> squares[-1]\n" +"25\n" +">>> squares[-3:] # slicing returns a new list\n" +"[9, 16, 25]" +msgstr "" +">>> squares[0] # 索引操作将返回条目\n" +"1\n" +">>> squares[-1]\n" +"25\n" +">>> squares[-3:] # 切片操作将返回一个新列表\n" +"[9, 16, 25]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:406 +msgid "Lists also support operations like concatenation::" +msgstr "列表还支持合并操作：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:408 +msgid "" +">>> squares + [36, 49, 64, 81, 100]\n" +"[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]" +msgstr "" +">>> squares + [36, 49, 64, 81, 100]\n" +"[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:411 +msgid "" +"Unlike strings, which are :term:`immutable`, lists are a :term:`mutable` " +"type, i.e. it is possible to change their content::" +msgstr "与 :term:`immutable` 字符串不同, 列表是 :term:`mutable` 类型，其内容可以改变：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:414 +msgid "" +">>> cubes = [1, 8, 27, 65, 125] # something's wrong here\n" +">>> 4 ** 3 # the cube of 4 is 64, not 65!\n" +"64\n" +">>> cubes[3] = 64 # replace the wrong value\n" +">>> cubes\n" +"[1, 8, 27, 64, 125]" +msgstr "" +">>> cubes = [1, 8, 27, 65, 125] # 这里有点问题\n" +">>> 4 ** 3 # 4 的立方是 64，不是 65！\n" +"64\n" +">>> cubes[3] = 64 # 替换错误的值\n" +">>> cubes\n" +"[1, 8, 27, 64, 125]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:421 +msgid "" +"You can also add new items at the end of the list, by using the " +":meth:`!list.append` *method* (we will see more about methods later)::" +msgstr "你也可以在通过使用 :meth:`!list.append` *方法*，在列表末尾添加新条目（我们将在后面介绍更多相关的方法）::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:424 +msgid "" +">>> cubes.append(216) # add the cube of 6\n" +">>> cubes.append(7 ** 3) # and the cube of 7\n" +">>> cubes\n" +"[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343]" +msgstr "" +">>> cubes.append(216) # 添加 6 的立方\n" +">>> cubes.append(7 ** 3) # 和 7 的立方\n" +">>> cubes\n" +"[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:429 +msgid "" +"Simple assignment in Python never copies data. When you assign a list to a " +"variable, the variable refers to the *existing list*. Any changes you make " +"to the list through one variable will be seen through all other variables " +"that refer to it.::" +msgstr "" +"Python 中的简单赋值绝不会复制数据。 当你将一个列表赋值给一个变量时，该变量将引用 " +"*现有的列表*。你通过一个变量对列表所做的任何更改都会被引用它的所有其他变量看到。::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:434 +msgid "" +">>> rgb = [\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\"]\n" +">>> rgba = rgb\n" +">>> id(rgb) == id(rgba) # they reference the same object\n" +"True\n" +">>> rgba.append(\"Alph\")\n" +">>> rgb\n" +"[\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\", \"Alph\"]" +msgstr "" +">>> rgb = [\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\"]\n" +">>> rgba = rgb\n" +">>> id(rgb) == id(rgba) # 它们指向同一个对象\n" +"True\n" +">>> rgba.append(\"Alph\")\n" +">>> rgb\n" +"[\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\", \"Alph\"]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:442 +msgid "" +"All slice operations return a new list containing the requested elements. " +"This means that the following slice returns a :ref:`shallow copy " +"` of the list::" +msgstr "切片操作返回包含请求元素的新列表。以下切片操作会返回列表的 :ref:`浅拷贝 `：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:446 +msgid "" +">>> correct_rgba = rgba[:]\n" +">>> correct_rgba[-1] = \"Alpha\"\n" +">>> correct_rgba\n" +"[\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\", \"Alpha\"]\n" +">>> rgba\n" +"[\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\", \"Alph\"]" +msgstr "" +">>> correct_rgba = rgba[:]\n" +">>> correct_rgba[-1] = \"Alpha\"\n" +">>> correct_rgba\n" +"[\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\", \"Alpha\"]\n" +">>> rgba\n" +"[\"Red\", \"Green\", \"Blue\", \"Alph\"]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:453 +msgid "" +"Assignment to slices is also possible, and this can even change the size of " +"the list or clear it entirely::" +msgstr "为切片赋值可以改变列表大小，甚至清空整个列表：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:456 +msgid "" +">>> letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> letters\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> # replace some values\n" +">>> letters[2:5] = ['C', 'D', 'E']\n" +">>> letters\n" +"['a', 'b', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> # now remove them\n" +">>> letters[2:5] = []\n" +">>> letters\n" +"['a', 'b', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> # clear the list by replacing all the elements with an empty list\n" +">>> letters[:] = []\n" +">>> letters\n" +"[]" +msgstr "" +">>> letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> letters\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> # 替换一些值\n" +">>> letters[2:5] = ['C', 'D', 'E']\n" +">>> letters\n" +"['a', 'b', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> # 现在移除它们\n" +">>> letters[2:5] = []\n" +">>> letters\n" +"['a', 'b', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> # 通过用一个空列表替代所有元素来清空列表\n" +">>> letters[:] = []\n" +">>> letters\n" +"[]" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:472 +msgid "The built-in function :func:`len` also applies to lists::" +msgstr "内置函数 :func:`len` 也支持列表：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:474 +msgid "" +">>> letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n" +">>> len(letters)\n" +"4" +msgstr "" +">>> letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n" +">>> len(letters)\n" +"4" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:478 +msgid "" +"It is possible to nest lists (create lists containing other lists), for " +"example::" +msgstr "还可以嵌套列表（创建包含其他列表的列表），例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:481 +msgid "" +">>> a = ['a', 'b', 'c']\n" +">>> n = [1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> x = [a, n]\n" +">>> x\n" +"[['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3]]\n" +">>> x[0]\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c']\n" +">>> x[0][1]\n" +"'b'" +msgstr "" +">>> a = ['a', 'b', 'c']\n" +">>> n = [1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> x = [a, n]\n" +">>> x\n" +"[['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3]]\n" +">>> x[0]\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c']\n" +">>> x[0][1]\n" +"'b'" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:494 +msgid "First Steps Towards Programming" +msgstr "走向编程的第一步" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:496 +msgid "" +"Of course, we can use Python for more complicated tasks than adding two and " +"two together. For instance, we can write an initial sub-sequence of the " +"`Fibonacci series `_ as " +"follows::" +msgstr "" +"当然，我们还能用 Python 完成比二加二更复杂的任务。 例如，我们可以像下面这样写出 `斐波那契数列 " +"`_ 初始部分的子序列::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:501 +msgid "" +">>> # Fibonacci series:\n" +">>> # the sum of two elements defines the next\n" +">>> a, b = 0, 1\n" +">>> while a < 10:\n" +"... print(a)\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"...\n" +"0\n" +"1\n" +"1\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +"5\n" +"8" +msgstr "" +">>> # 斐波那契数列：\n" +">>> # 前两项之和即下一项的值\n" +">>> a, b = 0, 1\n" +">>> while a < 10:\n" +"... print(a)\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"...\n" +"0\n" +"1\n" +"1\n" +"2\n" +"3\n" +"5\n" +"8" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:516 +msgid "This example introduces several new features." +msgstr "本例引入了几个新功能。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:518 +msgid "" +"The first line contains a *multiple assignment*: the variables ``a`` and " +"``b`` simultaneously get the new values 0 and 1. On the last line this is " +"used again, demonstrating that the expressions on the right-hand side are " +"all evaluated first before any of the assignments take place. The right-" +"hand side expressions are evaluated from the left to the right." +msgstr "" +"第一行中的 *多重赋值* ：变量 ``a`` 和 ``b`` 同时获得新值 0 和 1 " +"。最后一行又用了一次多重赋值，体现了，等号右边的所有表达式的值，都是在这一语句对任何变量赋新值之前求出来的——求值顺序为从左到右。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:524 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`while` loop executes as long as the condition (here: ``a < " +"10``) remains true. In Python, like in C, any non-zero integer value is " +"true; zero is false. The condition may also be a string or list value, in " +"fact any sequence; anything with a non-zero length is true, empty sequences " +"are false. The test used in the example is a simple comparison. The " +"standard comparison operators are written the same as in C: ``<`` (less " +"than), ``>`` (greater than), ``==`` (equal to), ``<=`` (less than or equal " +"to), ``>=`` (greater than or equal to) and ``!=`` (not equal to)." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`while` 循环只要条件（这里是 ``a < 10``）为真就会一直执行。Python 和 C " +"一样，任何非零整数都为真，零为假。这个条件也可以是字符串或列表类型的值，事实上，任何序列都可以：长度非零就为真，空序列则为假。示例中的判断只是最简单的比较。比较操作符的写法和" +" C 语言一样： ``<`` （小于）、 ``>`` （大于）、 ``==`` （等于）、 ``<=`` （小于等于)、 ``>=`` （大于等于）及 " +"``!=`` （不等于）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:533 +msgid "" +"The *body* of the loop is *indented*: indentation is Python's way of " +"grouping statements. At the interactive prompt, you have to type a tab or " +"space(s) for each indented line. In practice you will prepare more " +"complicated input for Python with a text editor; all decent text editors " +"have an auto-indent facility. When a compound statement is entered " +"interactively, it must be followed by a blank line to indicate completion " +"(since the parser cannot guess when you have typed the last line). Note " +"that each line within a basic block must be indented by the same amount." +msgstr "" +"*循环体* 是 *缩进的* ：缩进是 Python " +"组织语句的方式。在交互式命令行里，得为每个缩进的行输入空格（或制表符）。使用文本编辑器可以实现更复杂的输入方式；所有像样的文本编辑器都支持自动缩进。交互式输入复合语句时，要在最后输入空白行表示完成（因为解析器不知道哪一行代码是代码块的最后一行）。注意，同一块语句的每一行的缩进相同。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:542 +msgid "" +"The :func:`print` function writes the value of the argument(s) it is given. " +"It differs from just writing the expression you want to write (as we did " +"earlier in the calculator examples) in the way it handles multiple " +"arguments, floating-point quantities, and strings. Strings are printed " +"without quotes, and a space is inserted between items, so you can format " +"things nicely, like this::" +msgstr "" +":func:`print` 函数输出给定参数的值。 除了可以以单一的表达式作为参数（比如，前面的计算器的例子），它还能处理多个参数，包括浮点数与字符串。" +" 它输出的字符串不带引号，且各参数项之间会插入一个空格，这样可以实现更好的格式化操作，就像这样::" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:549 +msgid "" +">>> i = 256*256\n" +">>> print('The value of i is', i)\n" +"The value of i is 65536" +msgstr "" +">>> i = 256*256\n" +">>> print('The value of i is', i)\n" +"The value of i is 65536" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:553 +msgid "" +"The keyword argument *end* can be used to avoid the newline after the " +"output, or end the output with a different string::" +msgstr "关键字参数 *end* 可以取消输出后面的换行, 或用另一个字符串结尾：" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:556 +msgid "" +">>> a, b = 0, 1\n" +">>> while a < 1000:\n" +"... print(a, end=',')\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"...\n" +"0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,987," +msgstr "" +">>> a, b = 0, 1\n" +">>> while a < 1000:\n" +"... print(a, end=',')\n" +"... a, b = b, a+b\n" +"...\n" +"0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,987," + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:565 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:566 +msgid "" +"Since ``**`` has higher precedence than ``-``, ``-3**2`` will be interpreted" +" as ``-(3**2)`` and thus result in ``-9``. To avoid this and get ``9``, you" +" can use ``(-3)**2``." +msgstr "" +"``**`` 比 ``-`` 的优先级更高, 所以 ``-3**2`` 会被解释成 ``-(3**2)`` ，因此，结果是 " +"``-9``。要避免这个问题，并且得到 ``9``, 可以用 ``(-3)**2``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:570 +msgid "" +"Unlike other languages, special characters such as ``\\n`` have the same " +"meaning with both single (``'...'``) and double (``\"...\"``) quotes. The " +"only difference between the two is that within single quotes you don't need " +"to escape ``\"`` (but you have to escape ``\\'``) and vice versa." +msgstr "" +"与其他语言不同，特殊字符如 ``\\n`` 在单引号（``'...'`` ）和双引号（``\"...\"`` " +"）里的意义一样。这两种引号唯一的区别是，不需要在单引号里转义双引号 ``\"`` （但此时必须把单引号转义成 ``\\'`` ），反之亦然。" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:21 +msgid "# (hash)" +msgstr "# (hash)" + +#: ../../tutorial/introduction.rst:21 +msgid "comment" +msgstr "注释" diff --git a/tutorial/modules.po b/tutorial/modules.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01590dd04 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/modules.po @@ -0,0 +1,1159 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# df2dc1c92e792f7ae8417c51df43db8f_594d92a <0f49be28017426edb1db1a2ab6e67088_717605>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# 乐成 王, 2023 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-21 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:5 +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "模块" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:7 +msgid "" +"If you quit from the Python interpreter and enter it again, the definitions " +"you have made (functions and variables) are lost. Therefore, if you want to " +"write a somewhat longer program, you are better off using a text editor to " +"prepare the input for the interpreter and running it with that file as input" +" instead. This is known as creating a *script*. As your program gets " +"longer, you may want to split it into several files for easier maintenance." +" You may also want to use a handy function that you've written in several " +"programs without copying its definition into each program." +msgstr "" +"退出 Python 解释器后，再次进入时，之前在 Python " +"解释器中定义的函数和变量就丢失了。因此，编写较长程序时，最好用文本编辑器代替解释器，执行文件中的输入内容，这就是编写 *脚本* " +"。随着程序越来越长，为了方便维护，最好把脚本拆分成多个文件。编写脚本还一个好处，不同程序调用同一个函数时，不用把函数定义复制到各个程序。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:16 +msgid "" +"To support this, Python has a way to put definitions in a file and use them " +"in a script or in an interactive instance of the interpreter. Such a file is" +" called a *module*; definitions from a module can be *imported* into other " +"modules or into the *main* module (the collection of variables that you have" +" access to in a script executed at the top level and in calculator mode)." +msgstr "" +"为实现这些需求，Python 把各种定义存入一个文件，在脚本或解释器的交互式实例中使用。这个文件就是 *模块* ；模块中的定义可以 *导入* " +"到其他模块或 *主* 模块（在顶层和计算器模式下，执行脚本中可访问的变量集）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:22 +msgid "" +"A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file " +"name is the module name with the suffix :file:`.py` appended. Within a " +"module, the module's name (as a string) is available as the value of the " +"global variable ``__name__``. For instance, use your favorite text editor " +"to create a file called :file:`fibo.py` in the current directory with the " +"following contents::" +msgstr "" +"模块是包含 Python 定义和语句的文件。其文件名是模块名加后缀名 :file:`.py` 。在模块内部，通过全局变量 ``__name__`` " +"可以获取模块名（即字符串）。例如，用文本编辑器在当前目录下创建 :file:`fibo.py` 文件，输入以下内容：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:28 +msgid "" +"# Fibonacci numbers module\n" +"\n" +"def fib(n): # write Fibonacci series up to n\n" +" a, b = 0, 1\n" +" while a < n:\n" +" print(a, end=' ')\n" +" a, b = b, a+b\n" +" print()\n" +"\n" +"def fib2(n): # return Fibonacci series up to n\n" +" result = []\n" +" a, b = 0, 1\n" +" while a < n:\n" +" result.append(a)\n" +" a, b = b, a+b\n" +" return result" +msgstr "" +"# 斐波那契数列模块\n" +"\n" +"def fib(n): # 打印斐波那契数列直到 n\n" +" a, b = 0, 1\n" +" while a < n:\n" +" print(a, end=' ')\n" +" a, b = b, a+b\n" +" print()\n" +"\n" +"def fib2(n): # 返回斐波那契数列直到 n\n" +" result = []\n" +" a, b = 0, 1\n" +" while a < n:\n" +" result.append(a)\n" +" a, b = b, a+b\n" +" return result" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Now enter the Python interpreter and import this module with the following " +"command::" +msgstr "现在，进入 Python 解释器，用以下命令导入该模块：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:48 +msgid ">>> import fibo" +msgstr ">>> import fibo" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:50 +msgid "" +"This does not add the names of the functions defined in ``fibo`` directly " +"to the current :term:`namespace` (see :ref:`tut-scopes` for more details); " +"it only adds the module name ``fibo`` there. Using the module name you can " +"access the functions::" +msgstr "" +"此操作不会直接把 ``fibo`` 中定义的函数名称添加到当前 :term:`namespace` 中（请参阅 :ref:`tut-scopes` " +"了解详情）；它只是将模块名称 ``fibo`` 添加到那里。 使用该模块名称你可以访问其中的函数::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:55 +msgid "" +">>> fibo.fib(1000)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987\n" +">>> fibo.fib2(100)\n" +"[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]\n" +">>> fibo.__name__\n" +"'fibo'" +msgstr "" +">>> fibo.fib(1000)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987\n" +">>> fibo.fib2(100)\n" +"[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89]\n" +">>> fibo.__name__\n" +"'fibo'" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:62 +msgid "" +"If you intend to use a function often you can assign it to a local name::" +msgstr "如果经常使用某个函数，可以把它赋值给局部变量：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:64 +msgid "" +">>> fib = fibo.fib\n" +">>> fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" +msgstr "" +">>> fib = fibo.fib\n" +">>> fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:72 +msgid "More on Modules" +msgstr "模块详解" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:74 +msgid "" +"A module can contain executable statements as well as function definitions. " +"These statements are intended to initialize the module. They are executed " +"only the *first* time the module name is encountered in an import statement." +" [#]_ (They are also run if the file is executed as a script.)" +msgstr "" +"模块包含可执行语句及函数定义。这些语句用于初始化模块，且仅在 import 语句 *第一次* 遇到模块名时执行。[#]_ " +"(文件作为脚本运行时，也会执行这些语句。)" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:79 +msgid "" +"Each module has its own private namespace, which is used as the global " +"namespace by all functions defined in the module. Thus, the author of a " +"module can use global variables in the module without worrying about " +"accidental clashes with a user's global variables. On the other hand, if you" +" know what you are doing you can touch a module's global variables with the " +"same notation used to refer to its functions, ``modname.itemname``." +msgstr "" +"每个模块都有自己的私有命名空间，它会被用作模块中定义的所有函数的全局命名空间。 " +"因此，模块作者可以在模块内使用全局变量而不必担心与用户的全局变量发生意外冲突。 另一方面，如果你知道要怎么做就可以通过与引用模块函数一样的标记法 " +"``modname.itemname`` 来访问一个模块的全局变量。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Modules can import other modules. It is customary but not required to place" +" all :keyword:`import` statements at the beginning of a module (or script, " +"for that matter). The imported module names, if placed at the top level of " +"a module (outside any functions or classes), are added to the module's " +"global namespace." +msgstr "" +"模块可以导入其他模块。 根据惯例可以将所有 :keyword:`import` 语句都放在模块（或者也可以说是脚本）的开头但这并非强制要求。 " +"如果被放置于一个模块的最高层级，则被导入的模块名称会被添加到该模块的全局命名空间。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:91 +msgid "" +"There is a variant of the :keyword:`import` statement that imports names " +"from a module directly into the importing module's namespace. For example::" +msgstr "还有一种 :keyword:`import` 语句的变化形式可以将来自某个模块的名称直接导入到导入方模块的命名空间中。 例如::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:94 +msgid "" +">>> from fibo import fib, fib2\n" +">>> fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" +msgstr "" +">>> from fibo import fib, fib2\n" +">>> fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:98 +msgid "" +"This does not introduce the module name from which the imports are taken in " +"the local namespace (so in the example, ``fibo`` is not defined)." +msgstr "这条语句不会将所导入的模块的名称引入到局部命名空间中（因此在本示例中，``fibo`` 将是未定义的名称）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:101 +msgid "There is even a variant to import all names that a module defines::" +msgstr "还有一种变体可以导入模块内定义的所有名称：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:103 +msgid "" +">>> from fibo import *\n" +">>> fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" +msgstr "" +">>> from fibo import *\n" +">>> fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:107 +msgid "" +"This imports all names except those beginning with an underscore (``_``). In" +" most cases Python programmers do not use this facility since it introduces " +"an unknown set of names into the interpreter, possibly hiding some things " +"you have already defined." +msgstr "" +"这种方式会导入所有不以下划线（``_``）开头的名称。大多数情况下，不要用这个功能，这种方式向解释器导入了一批未知的名称，可能会覆盖已经定义的名称。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:112 +msgid "" +"Note that in general the practice of importing ``*`` from a module or " +"package is frowned upon, since it often causes poorly readable code. " +"However, it is okay to use it to save typing in interactive sessions." +msgstr "" +"注意，一般情况下，不建议从模块或包内导入 ``*``，因为，这项操作经常让代码变得难以理解。不过，为了在交互式会话中少打几个字，这么用也没问题。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:116 +msgid "" +"If the module name is followed by :keyword:`!as`, then the name following " +":keyword:`!as` is bound directly to the imported module." +msgstr "模块名后使用 :keyword:`!as` 时，直接把 :keyword:`!as` 后的名称与导入模块绑定。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:121 +msgid "" +">>> import fibo as fib\n" +">>> fib.fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" +msgstr "" +">>> import fibo as fib\n" +">>> fib.fib(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:125 +msgid "" +"This is effectively importing the module in the same way that ``import " +"fibo`` will do, with the only difference of it being available as ``fib``." +msgstr "与 ``import fibo`` 一样，这种方式也可以有效地导入模块，唯一的区别是，导入的名称是 ``fib``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:128 +msgid "" +"It can also be used when utilising :keyword:`from` with similar effects::" +msgstr ":keyword:`from` 中也可以使用这种方式，效果类似：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:130 +msgid "" +">>> from fibo import fib as fibonacci\n" +">>> fibonacci(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" +msgstr "" +">>> from fibo import fib as fibonacci\n" +">>> fibonacci(500)\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:137 +msgid "" +"For efficiency reasons, each module is only imported once per interpreter " +"session. Therefore, if you change your modules, you must restart the " +"interpreter -- or, if it's just one module you want to test interactively, " +"use :func:`importlib.reload`, e.g. ``import importlib; " +"importlib.reload(modulename)``." +msgstr "" +"为了保证运行效率，每次解释器会话只导入一次模块。如果更改了模块内容，必须重启解释器；仅交互测试一个模块时，也可以使用 " +":func:`importlib.reload`，例如 ``import importlib; " +"importlib.reload(modulename)``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:147 +msgid "Executing modules as scripts" +msgstr "以脚本方式执行模块" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:149 +msgid "When you run a Python module with ::" +msgstr "可以用以下方式运行 Python 模块：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:151 +msgid "python fibo.py " +msgstr "python fibo.py " + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:153 +msgid "" +"the code in the module will be executed, just as if you imported it, but " +"with the ``__name__`` set to ``\"__main__\"``. That means that by adding " +"this code at the end of your module::" +msgstr "" +"这项操作将执行模块里的代码，和导入模块一样，但会把 ``__name__`` 赋值为 ``\"__main__\"``。 " +"也就是把下列代码添加到模块末尾：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:157 +msgid "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" import sys\n" +" fib(int(sys.argv[1]))" +msgstr "" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" import sys\n" +" fib(int(sys.argv[1]))" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:161 +msgid "" +"you can make the file usable as a script as well as an importable module, " +"because the code that parses the command line only runs if the module is " +"executed as the \"main\" file:" +msgstr "这个文件既能被用作脚本，又能被用作一个可供导入的模块，因为解析命令行参数的那两行代码只有在模块作为“main”文件执行时才会运行：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:165 +msgid "" +"$ python fibo.py 50\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34" +msgstr "" +"$ python fibo.py 50\n" +"0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:170 +msgid "If the module is imported, the code is not run::" +msgstr "当这个模块被导入到其它模块时，那两行代码不运行：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:172 +msgid "" +">>> import fibo\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> import fibo\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:175 +msgid "" +"This is often used either to provide a convenient user interface to a " +"module, or for testing purposes (running the module as a script executes a " +"test suite)." +msgstr "这常用于为模块提供一个便捷的用户接口，或用于测试（把模块作为执行测试套件的脚本运行）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:182 +msgid "The Module Search Path" +msgstr "模块搜索路径" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:186 +msgid "" +"When a module named :mod:`!spam` is imported, the interpreter first searches" +" for a built-in module with that name. These module names are listed in " +":data:`sys.builtin_module_names`. If not found, it then searches for a file " +"named :file:`spam.py` in a list of directories given by the variable " +":data:`sys.path`. :data:`sys.path` is initialized from these locations:" +msgstr "" +"当导入一个名为 :mod:`!spam` 的模块时，解释器首先会搜索具有该名称的内置模块。 这些模块的名称在 " +":data:`sys.builtin_module_names` 中列出。 如果未找到，它将在变量 :data:`sys.path` " +"所给出的目录列表中搜索名为 :file:`spam.py` 的文件。 :data:`sys.path` 是从这些位置初始化的:" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:192 +msgid "" +"The directory containing the input script (or the current directory when no " +"file is specified)." +msgstr "被命令行直接运行的脚本所在的目录（或未指定文件时的当前目录）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:194 +msgid "" +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` (a list of directory names, with the same syntax as the" +" shell variable :envvar:`PATH`)." +msgstr ":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` （目录列表，与 shell 变量 :envvar:`PATH` 的语法一样）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:196 +msgid "" +"The installation-dependent default (by convention including a ``site-" +"packages`` directory, handled by the :mod:`site` module)." +msgstr "依赖于安装的默认值（按照惯例包括一个 ``site-packages`` 目录，由 :mod:`site` 模块处理）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:199 +msgid "More details are at :ref:`sys-path-init`." +msgstr "更多细节请参阅 :ref:`sys-path-init`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:202 +msgid "" +"On file systems which support symlinks, the directory containing the input " +"script is calculated after the symlink is followed. In other words the " +"directory containing the symlink is **not** added to the module search path." +msgstr "" +"在支持符号链接的文件系统中，“被命令行直接运行的脚本所在的目录”是符号链接最终指向的目录。换句话说，符号链接所在的目录并 **没有** " +"被添加至模块搜索路径。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:206 +msgid "" +"After initialization, Python programs can modify :data:`sys.path`. The " +"directory containing the script being run is placed at the beginning of the " +"search path, ahead of the standard library path. This means that scripts in " +"that directory will be loaded instead of modules of the same name in the " +"library directory. This is an error unless the replacement is intended. See" +" section :ref:`tut-standardmodules` for more information." +msgstr "" +"初始化后，Python 程序可以更改 " +":data:`sys.path`。脚本所在的目录先于标准库所在的路径被搜索。这意味着，脚本所在的目录如果有和标准库同名的文件，那么加载的是该目录里的，而不是标准库的。这一般是一个错误，除非这样的替换是你有意为之。详见" +" :ref:`tut-standardmodules`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:219 +msgid "\"Compiled\" Python files" +msgstr "“已编译的” Python 文件" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:221 +msgid "" +"To speed up loading modules, Python caches the compiled version of each " +"module in the ``__pycache__`` directory under the name " +":file:`module.{version}.pyc`, where the version encodes the format of the " +"compiled file; it generally contains the Python version number. For " +"example, in CPython release 3.3 the compiled version of spam.py would be " +"cached as ``__pycache__/spam.cpython-33.pyc``. This naming convention " +"allows compiled modules from different releases and different versions of " +"Python to coexist." +msgstr "" +"为了快速加载模块，Python 把模块的编译版本缓存在 ``__pycache__`` 目录中，文件名为 " +":file:`module.{version}.pyc`，version 对编译文件格式进行编码，一般是 Python 的版本号。例如，CPython " +"的 3.3 发行版中，spam.py 的编译版本缓存为 ``__pycache__/spam.cpython-33.pyc``。这种命名惯例让不同 " +"Python 版本编译的模块可以共存。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:229 +msgid "" +"Python checks the modification date of the source against the compiled " +"version to see if it's out of date and needs to be recompiled. This is a " +"completely automatic process. Also, the compiled modules are platform-" +"independent, so the same library can be shared among systems with different " +"architectures." +msgstr "" +"Python " +"对比编译版与源码的修改日期，查看编译版是否已过期，是否要重新编译。此进程完全是自动的。此外，编译模块与平台无关，因此，可在不同架构的系统之间共享相同的库。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Python does not check the cache in two circumstances. First, it always " +"recompiles and does not store the result for the module that's loaded " +"directly from the command line. Second, it does not check the cache if " +"there is no source module. To support a non-source (compiled only) " +"distribution, the compiled module must be in the source directory, and there" +" must not be a source module." +msgstr "" +"Python " +"在两种情况下不检查缓存。一，从命令行直接载入的模块，每次都会重新编译，且不储存编译结果；二，没有源模块，就不会检查缓存。为了让一个库能以隐藏源代码的形式分发（通过将所有源代码变为编译后的版本），编译后的模块必须放在源目录而非缓存目录中，并且源目录绝不能包含同名的未编译的源模块。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:241 +msgid "Some tips for experts:" +msgstr "给专业人士的一些小建议：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:243 +msgid "" +"You can use the :option:`-O` or :option:`-OO` switches on the Python command" +" to reduce the size of a compiled module. The ``-O`` switch removes assert " +"statements, the ``-OO`` switch removes both assert statements and __doc__ " +"strings. Since some programs may rely on having these available, you should" +" only use this option if you know what you're doing. \"Optimized\" modules " +"have an ``opt-`` tag and are usually smaller. Future releases may change " +"the effects of optimization." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 命令中使用 :option:`-O` 或 :option:`-OO` 开关，可以减小编译模块的大小。``-O`` " +"去除断言语句，``-OO`` 去除断言语句和 __doc__ " +"字符串。有些程序可能依赖于这些内容，因此，没有十足的把握，不要使用这两个选项。“优化过的”模块带有 ``opt-`` " +"标签，并且文件通常会一小些。将来的发行版或许会改进优化的效果。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:251 +msgid "" +"A program doesn't run any faster when it is read from a ``.pyc`` file than " +"when it is read from a ``.py`` file; the only thing that's faster about " +"``.pyc`` files is the speed with which they are loaded." +msgstr "从 ``.pyc`` 文件读取的程序不比从 ``.py`` 读取的执行速度快，``.pyc`` 文件只是加载速度更快。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:255 +msgid "" +"The module :mod:`compileall` can create .pyc files for all modules in a " +"directory." +msgstr ":mod:`compileall` 模块可以为一个目录下的所有模块创建 .pyc 文件。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:258 +msgid "" +"There is more detail on this process, including a flow chart of the " +"decisions, in :pep:`3147`." +msgstr "本过程的细节及决策流程图，详见 :pep:`3147`。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:265 +msgid "Standard Modules" +msgstr "标准模块" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Python comes with a library of standard modules, described in a separate " +"document, the Python Library Reference (\"Library Reference\" hereafter). " +"Some modules are built into the interpreter; these provide access to " +"operations that are not part of the core of the language but are " +"nevertheless built in, either for efficiency or to provide access to " +"operating system primitives such as system calls. The set of such modules " +"is a configuration option which also depends on the underlying platform. " +"For example, the :mod:`winreg` module is only provided on Windows systems. " +"One particular module deserves some attention: :mod:`sys`, which is built " +"into every Python interpreter. The variables ``sys.ps1`` and ``sys.ps2`` " +"define the strings used as primary and secondary prompts::" +msgstr "" +"Python 自带一个标准模块的库，它在 Python 库参考（此处以下称为\"库参考\" ）里另外描述。 一些模块是内嵌到解释器里面的， " +"它们给一些虽并非语言核心但却内嵌的操作提供接口，要么是为了效率，要么是给操作系统基础操作例如系统调入提供接口。 这些模块集是一个配置选项， " +"并且还依赖于底层的操作系统。 例如，:mod:`winreg` 模块只在 Windows 系统上提供。一个特别值得注意的模块 " +":mod:`sys`，它被内嵌到每一个 Python 解释器中。``sys.ps1`` 和 ``sys.ps2`` " +"变量定义了一些字符，它们可以用作主提示符和辅助提示符::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:281 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.ps1\n" +"'>>> '\n" +">>> sys.ps2\n" +"'... '\n" +">>> sys.ps1 = 'C> '\n" +"C> print('Yuck!')\n" +"Yuck!\n" +"C>" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.ps1\n" +"'>>> '\n" +">>> sys.ps2\n" +"'... '\n" +">>> sys.ps1 = 'C> '\n" +"C> print('Yuck!')\n" +"Yuck!\n" +"C>" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:292 +msgid "" +"These two variables are only defined if the interpreter is in interactive " +"mode." +msgstr "只有解释器用于交互模式时，才定义这两个变量。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:294 +msgid "" +"The variable ``sys.path`` is a list of strings that determines the " +"interpreter's search path for modules. It is initialized to a default path " +"taken from the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`, or from a built-in" +" default if :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` is not set. You can modify it using " +"standard list operations::" +msgstr "" +"变量 ``sys.path`` 是字符串列表，用于确定解释器的模块搜索路径。该变量以环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` " +"提取的默认路径进行初始化，如未设置 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`，则使用内置的默认路径。可以用标准列表操作修改该变量：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:300 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path.append('/ufs/guido/lib/python')" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path.append('/ufs/guido/lib/python')" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:307 +msgid "The :func:`dir` Function" +msgstr ":func:`dir` 函数" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:309 +msgid "" +"The built-in function :func:`dir` is used to find out which names a module " +"defines. It returns a sorted list of strings::" +msgstr "内置函数 :func:`dir` 用于查找模块定义的名称。返回结果是经过排序的字符串列表：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:312 +msgid "" +">>> import fibo, sys\n" +">>> dir(fibo)\n" +"['__name__', 'fib', 'fib2']\n" +">>> dir(sys)\n" +"['__breakpointhook__', '__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__',\n" +" '__interactivehook__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__',\n" +" '__stderr__', '__stdin__', '__stdout__', '__unraisablehook__',\n" +" '_clear_type_cache', '_current_frames', '_debugmallocstats', '_framework',\n" +" '_getframe', '_git', '_home', '_xoptions', 'abiflags', 'addaudithook',\n" +" 'api_version', 'argv', 'audit', 'base_exec_prefix', 'base_prefix',\n" +" 'breakpointhook', 'builtin_module_names', 'byteorder', 'call_tracing',\n" +" 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook', 'dont_write_bytecode', 'exc_info',\n" +" 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix', 'executable', 'exit', 'flags', 'float_info',\n" +" 'float_repr_style', 'get_asyncgen_hooks', 'get_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth',\n" +" 'getallocatedblocks', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getdlopenflags',\n" +" 'getfilesystemencodeerrors', 'getfilesystemencoding', 'getprofile',\n" +" 'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'getswitchinterval',\n" +" 'gettrace', 'hash_info', 'hexversion', 'implementation', 'int_info',\n" +" 'intern', 'is_finalizing', 'last_traceback', 'last_type', 'last_value',\n" +" 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path_hooks',\n" +" 'path_importer_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'ps1', 'ps2', 'pycache_prefix',\n" +" 'set_asyncgen_hooks', 'set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth', 'setdlopenflags',\n" +" 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit', 'setswitchinterval', 'settrace', 'stderr',\n" +" 'stdin', 'stdout', 'thread_info', 'unraisablehook', 'version', 'version_info',\n" +" 'warnoptions']" +msgstr "" +">>> import fibo, sys\n" +">>> dir(fibo)\n" +"['__name__', 'fib', 'fib2']\n" +">>> dir(sys)\n" +"['__breakpointhook__', '__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__',\n" +" '__interactivehook__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__',\n" +" '__stderr__', '__stdin__', '__stdout__', '__unraisablehook__',\n" +" '_clear_type_cache', '_current_frames', '_debugmallocstats', '_framework',\n" +" '_getframe', '_git', '_home', '_xoptions', 'abiflags', 'addaudithook',\n" +" 'api_version', 'argv', 'audit', 'base_exec_prefix', 'base_prefix',\n" +" 'breakpointhook', 'builtin_module_names', 'byteorder', 'call_tracing',\n" +" 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook', 'dont_write_bytecode', 'exc_info',\n" +" 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix', 'executable', 'exit', 'flags', 'float_info',\n" +" 'float_repr_style', 'get_asyncgen_hooks', 'get_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth',\n" +" 'getallocatedblocks', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getdlopenflags',\n" +" 'getfilesystemencodeerrors', 'getfilesystemencoding', 'getprofile',\n" +" 'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'getswitchinterval',\n" +" 'gettrace', 'hash_info', 'hexversion', 'implementation', 'int_info',\n" +" 'intern', 'is_finalizing', 'last_traceback', 'last_type', 'last_value',\n" +" 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path_hooks',\n" +" 'path_importer_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'ps1', 'ps2', 'pycache_prefix',\n" +" 'set_asyncgen_hooks', 'set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth', 'setdlopenflags',\n" +" 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit', 'setswitchinterval', 'settrace', 'stderr',\n" +" 'stdin', 'stdout', 'thread_info', 'unraisablehook', 'version', 'version_info',\n" +" 'warnoptions']" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Without arguments, :func:`dir` lists the names you have defined currently::" +msgstr "没有参数时，:func:`dir` 列出当前已定义的名称：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:340 +msgid "" +">>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> import fibo\n" +">>> fib = fibo.fib\n" +">>> dir()\n" +"['__builtins__', '__name__', 'a', 'fib', 'fibo', 'sys']" +msgstr "" +">>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n" +">>> import fibo\n" +">>> fib = fibo.fib\n" +">>> dir()\n" +"['__builtins__', '__name__', 'a', 'fib', 'fibo', 'sys']" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:346 +msgid "" +"Note that it lists all types of names: variables, modules, functions, etc." +msgstr "注意它列出所有类型的名称：变量，模块，函数，……。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:350 +msgid "" +":func:`dir` does not list the names of built-in functions and variables. If" +" you want a list of those, they are defined in the standard module " +":mod:`builtins`::" +msgstr ":func:`dir` 不会列出内置函数和变量的名称。这些内容的定义在标准模块 :mod:`builtins` 中：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:354 +msgid "" +">>> import builtins\n" +">>> dir(builtins)\n" +"['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException',\n" +" 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning',\n" +" 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError',\n" +" 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning',\n" +" 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False',\n" +" 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError',\n" +" 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError',\n" +" 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError',\n" +" 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',\n" +" 'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented',\n" +" 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError',\n" +" 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError',\n" +" 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning',\n" +" 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError',\n" +" 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError',\n" +" 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError',\n" +" 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning',\n" +" 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'ZeroDivisionError', '_', '__build_class__',\n" +" '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__name__', '__package__', 'abs',\n" +" 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable',\n" +" 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits',\n" +" 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit',\n" +" 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr',\n" +" 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass',\n" +" 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview',\n" +" 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property',\n" +" 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice',\n" +" 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars',\n" +" 'zip']" +msgstr "" +">>> import builtins\n" +">>> dir(builtins)\n" +"['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException',\n" +" 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning',\n" +" 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError',\n" +" 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning',\n" +" 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False',\n" +" 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError',\n" +" 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError',\n" +" 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError',\n" +" 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',\n" +" 'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented',\n" +" 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError',\n" +" 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError',\n" +" 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning',\n" +" 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError',\n" +" 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError',\n" +" 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError',\n" +" 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning',\n" +" 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'ZeroDivisionError', '_', '__build_class__',\n" +" '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__name__', '__package__', 'abs',\n" +" 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable',\n" +" 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits',\n" +" 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'exit',\n" +" 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr',\n" +" 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass',\n" +" 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview',\n" +" 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property',\n" +" 'quit', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice',\n" +" 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars',\n" +" 'zip']" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:389 +msgid "Packages" +msgstr "包" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Packages are a way of structuring Python's module namespace by using " +"\"dotted module names\". For example, the module name :mod:`!A.B` " +"designates a submodule named ``B`` in a package named ``A``. Just like the " +"use of modules saves the authors of different modules from having to worry " +"about each other's global variable names, the use of dotted module names " +"saves the authors of multi-module packages like NumPy or Pillow from having " +"to worry about each other's module names." +msgstr "" +"包是通过使用“带点号模块名”来构造 Python 模块命名空间的一种方式。 例如，模块名 :mod:`!A.B` 表示名为 ``A`` 的包中名为 " +"``B`` 的子模块。 就像使用模块可以让不同模块的作者不必担心彼此的全局变量名一样，使用带点号模块名也可以让 NumPy 或 Pillow " +"等多模块包的作者也不必担心彼此的模块名冲突。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:399 +msgid "" +"Suppose you want to design a collection of modules (a \"package\") for the " +"uniform handling of sound files and sound data. There are many different " +"sound file formats (usually recognized by their extension, for example: " +":file:`.wav`, :file:`.aiff`, :file:`.au`), so you may need to create and " +"maintain a growing collection of modules for the conversion between the " +"various file formats. There are also many different operations you might " +"want to perform on sound data (such as mixing, adding echo, applying an " +"equalizer function, creating an artificial stereo effect), so in addition " +"you will be writing a never-ending stream of modules to perform these " +"operations. Here's a possible structure for your package (expressed in " +"terms of a hierarchical filesystem):" +msgstr "" +"假设要为统一处理声音文件与声音数据设计一个模块集（“包”）。声音文件的格式很多（通常以扩展名来识别，例如：:file:`.wav`，:file:`.aiff`，:file:`.au`），因此，为了不同文件格式之间的转换，需要创建和维护一个不断增长的模块集合。为了实现对声音数据的不同处理（例如，混声、添加回声、均衡器功能、创造人工立体声效果），还要编写无穷无尽的模块流。下面这个分级文件树展示了这个包的架构：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:410 +msgid "" +"sound/ Top-level package\n" +" __init__.py Initialize the sound package\n" +" formats/ Subpackage for file format conversions\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" wavread.py\n" +" wavwrite.py\n" +" aiffread.py\n" +" aiffwrite.py\n" +" auread.py\n" +" auwrite.py\n" +" ...\n" +" effects/ Subpackage for sound effects\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" echo.py\n" +" surround.py\n" +" reverse.py\n" +" ...\n" +" filters/ Subpackage for filters\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" equalizer.py\n" +" vocoder.py\n" +" karaoke.py\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"sound/ 最高层级的包\n" +" __init__.py 初始化 sound 包\n" +" formats/ 用于文件格式转换的子包\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" wavread.py\n" +" wavwrite.py\n" +" aiffread.py\n" +" aiffwrite.py\n" +" auread.py\n" +" auwrite.py\n" +" ...\n" +" effects/ 用于音效的子包\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" echo.py\n" +" surround.py\n" +" reverse.py\n" +" ...\n" +" filters/ 用于过滤器的子包\n" +" __init__.py\n" +" equalizer.py\n" +" vocoder.py\n" +" karaoke.py\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:436 +msgid "" +"When importing the package, Python searches through the directories on " +"``sys.path`` looking for the package subdirectory." +msgstr "导入包时，Python 搜索 ``sys.path`` 里的目录，查找包的子目录。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:439 +msgid "" +"The :file:`__init__.py` files are required to make Python treat directories " +"containing the file as packages (unless using a :term:`namespace package`, a" +" relatively advanced feature). This prevents directories with a common name," +" such as ``string``, from unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur " +"later on the module search path. In the simplest case, :file:`__init__.py` " +"can just be an empty file, but it can also execute initialization code for " +"the package or set the ``__all__`` variable, described later." +msgstr "" +"需要有 :file:`__init__.py` 文件才能让 Python 将包含该文件的目录当作包来处理（除非使用 :term:`namespace " +"package`，这是一个相对高级的特性）。 这可以防止重名的目录如 ``string`` 在无意中屏蔽后继出现在模块搜索路径中的有效模块。 " +"在最简单的情况下，:file:`__init__.py` 可以只是一个空文件，但它也可以执行包的初始化代码或设置 ``__all__`` " +"变量，这将在稍后详细描述。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:447 +msgid "" +"Users of the package can import individual modules from the package, for " +"example::" +msgstr "还可以从包中导入单个模块，例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:450 +msgid "import sound.effects.echo" +msgstr "import sound.effects.echo" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:452 +msgid "" +"This loads the submodule :mod:`!sound.effects.echo`. It must be referenced " +"with its full name. ::" +msgstr "这将加载子模块 :mod:`!sound.effects.echo`。 它必须通过其全名来引用。 ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:455 +msgid "sound.effects.echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)" +msgstr "sound.effects.echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:457 +msgid "An alternative way of importing the submodule is::" +msgstr "另一种导入子模块的方法是 ：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:459 +msgid "from sound.effects import echo" +msgstr "from sound.effects import echo" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:461 +msgid "" +"This also loads the submodule :mod:`!echo`, and makes it available without " +"its package prefix, so it can be used as follows::" +msgstr "这也会加载子模块 :mod:`!echo`，并使其不必加包前缀，因此可按如下方式使用::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:464 +msgid "echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)" +msgstr "echo.echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Yet another variation is to import the desired function or variable " +"directly::" +msgstr "Import 语句的另一种变体是直接导入所需的函数或变量：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:468 +msgid "from sound.effects.echo import echofilter" +msgstr "from sound.effects.echo import echofilter" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Again, this loads the submodule :mod:`!echo`, but this makes its function " +":func:`!echofilter` directly available::" +msgstr "同样，这将加载子模块 :mod:`!echo`，但这使其函数 :func:`!echofilter` 直接可用::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:473 +msgid "echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)" +msgstr "echofilter(input, output, delay=0.7, atten=4)" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:475 +msgid "" +"Note that when using ``from package import item``, the item can be either a " +"submodule (or subpackage) of the package, or some other name defined in the" +" package, like a function, class or variable. The ``import`` statement " +"first tests whether the item is defined in the package; if not, it assumes " +"it is a module and attempts to load it. If it fails to find it, an " +":exc:`ImportError` exception is raised." +msgstr "" +"注意，使用 ``from package import item`` 时，item " +"可以是包的子模块（或子包），也可以是包中定义的函数、类或变量等其他名称。``import`` 语句首先测试包中是否定义了 " +"item；如果未在包中定义，则假定 item 是模块，并尝试加载。如果找不到 item，则触发 :exc:`ImportError` 异常。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Contrarily, when using syntax like ``import item.subitem.subsubitem``, each " +"item except for the last must be a package; the last item can be a module or" +" a package but can't be a class or function or variable defined in the " +"previous item." +msgstr "" +"相反，使用 ``import item.subitem.subsubitem`` 句法时，除最后一项外，每个 item " +"都必须是包；最后一项可以是模块或包，但不能是上一项中定义的类、函数或变量。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:491 +msgid "Importing \\* From a Package" +msgstr "从包中导入 \\*" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:495 +msgid "" +"Now what happens when the user writes ``from sound.effects import *``? " +"Ideally, one would hope that this somehow goes out to the filesystem, finds " +"which submodules are present in the package, and imports them all. This " +"could take a long time and importing sub-modules might have unwanted side-" +"effects that should only happen when the sub-module is explicitly imported." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``from sound.effects import *`` " +"时会发生什么？你可能希望它会查找并导入包的所有子模块，但事实并非如此。因为这将花费很长的时间，并且可能会产生你不想要的副作用，如果这种副作用被你设计为只有在导入某个特定的子模块时才应该发生。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:501 +msgid "" +"The only solution is for the package author to provide an explicit index of " +"the package. The :keyword:`import` statement uses the following convention:" +" if a package's :file:`__init__.py` code defines a list named ``__all__``, " +"it is taken to be the list of module names that should be imported when " +"``from package import *`` is encountered. It is up to the package author to" +" keep this list up-to-date when a new version of the package is released. " +"Package authors may also decide not to support it, if they don't see a use " +"for importing \\* from their package. For example, the file " +":file:`sound/effects/__init__.py` could contain the following code::" +msgstr "" +"唯一的解决办法是提供包的显式索引。:keyword:`import` 语句使用如下惯例：如果包的 :file:`__init__.py` 代码定义了列表" +" ``__all__``，运行 ``from package import *`` " +"时，它就是被导入的模块名列表。发布包的新版本时，包的作者应更新此列表。如果包的作者认为没有必要在包中执行导入 \\* " +"操作，也可以不提供此列表。例如，:file:`sound/effects/__init__.py` 文件可以包含以下代码：" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:511 +msgid "__all__ = [\"echo\", \"surround\", \"reverse\"]" +msgstr "__all__ = [\"echo\", \"surround\", \"reverse\"]" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:513 +msgid "" +"This would mean that ``from sound.effects import *`` would import the three " +"named submodules of the :mod:`!sound.effects` package." +msgstr "" +"这意味着 ``from sound.effects import *`` 将导入 :mod:`!sound.effects` 包的三个命名子模块。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Be aware that submodules might become shadowed by locally defined names. For" +" example, if you added a ``reverse`` function to the " +":file:`sound/effects/__init__.py` file, the ``from sound.effects import *`` " +"would only import the two submodules ``echo`` and ``surround``, but *not* " +"the ``reverse`` submodule, because it is shadowed by the locally defined " +"``reverse`` function::" +msgstr "" +"请注意子模块可能会受到本地定义名称的影响。 例如，如果你在 :file:`sound/effects/__init__.py` 文件中添加了一个 " +"``reverse`` 函数，``from sound.effects import *`` 将只导入 ``echo`` 和 ``surround`` " +"这两个子模块，但 **不会** 导入 ``reverse`` 子模块，因为它被本地定义的 ``reverse`` 函数所遮挡::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:523 +msgid "" +"__all__ = [\n" +" \"echo\", # refers to the 'echo.py' file\n" +" \"surround\", # refers to the 'surround.py' file\n" +" \"reverse\", # !!! refers to the 'reverse' function now !!!\n" +"]\n" +"\n" +"def reverse(msg: str): # <-- this name shadows the 'reverse.py' submodule\n" +" return msg[::-1] # in the case of a 'from sound.effects import *'" +msgstr "" +"__all__ = [\n" +" \"echo\", # 指向 'echo.py' 文件\n" +" \"surround\", # 指向 'surround.py' 文件\n" +" \"reverse\", # !!! 现在指向 'reverse' 函数 !!!\n" +"]\n" +"\n" +"def reverse(msg: str): # <-- 此名称将覆盖 'reverse.py' 子模块\n" +" return msg[::-1] # 针对 'from sound.effects import *' 的情况" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:532 +msgid "" +"If ``__all__`` is not defined, the statement ``from sound.effects import *``" +" does *not* import all submodules from the package :mod:`!sound.effects` " +"into the current namespace; it only ensures that the package " +":mod:`!sound.effects` has been imported (possibly running any initialization" +" code in :file:`__init__.py`) and then imports whatever names are defined in" +" the package. This includes any names defined (and submodules explicitly " +"loaded) by :file:`__init__.py`. It also includes any submodules of the " +"package that were explicitly loaded by previous :keyword:`import` " +"statements. Consider this code::" +msgstr "" +"如果没有定义 ``__all__``，``from sound.effects import *`` 语句 *不会* 把包 " +":mod:`!sound.effects` 中的所有子模块都导入到当前命名空间；它只是确保包 :mod:`!sound.effects` " +"已被导入（可能还会运行 :file:`__init__.py` 中的任何初始化代码），然后再导入包中定义的任何名称。 这包括由 " +":file:`__init__.py` 定义的任何名称（以及显式加载的子模块）。 它还包括先前 :keyword:`import` " +"语句显式加载的包里的任何子模块。 请看以下代码::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:541 +msgid "" +"import sound.effects.echo\n" +"import sound.effects.surround\n" +"from sound.effects import *" +msgstr "" +"import sound.effects.echo\n" +"import sound.effects.surround\n" +"from sound.effects import *" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:545 +msgid "" +"In this example, the :mod:`!echo` and :mod:`!surround` modules are imported " +"in the current namespace because they are defined in the " +":mod:`!sound.effects` package when the ``from...import`` statement is " +"executed. (This also works when ``__all__`` is defined.)" +msgstr "" +"在本例中，:mod:`!echo` 和 :mod:`!surround` 模块被导入到当前命名空间，因为在执行 ``from...import`` " +"语句时它们已在 :mod:`!sound.effects` 包中定义了。 （当定义了 ``__all__`` 时也是如此）。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Although certain modules are designed to export only names that follow " +"certain patterns when you use ``import *``, it is still considered bad " +"practice in production code." +msgstr "虽然，可以把模块设计为用 ``import *`` 时只导出遵循指定模式的名称，但仍不提倡在生产代码中使用这种做法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Remember, there is nothing wrong with using ``from package import " +"specific_submodule``! In fact, this is the recommended notation unless the " +"importing module needs to use submodules with the same name from different " +"packages." +msgstr "" +"记住，使用 ``from package import specific_submodule`` 没有任何问题！ " +"实际上，除了导入模块使用不同包的同名子模块之外，这种方式是推荐用法。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:563 +msgid "Intra-package References" +msgstr "相对导入" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:565 +msgid "" +"When packages are structured into subpackages (as with the :mod:`!sound` " +"package in the example), you can use absolute imports to refer to submodules" +" of siblings packages. For example, if the module " +":mod:`!sound.filters.vocoder` needs to use the :mod:`!echo` module in the " +":mod:`!sound.effects` package, it can use ``from sound.effects import " +"echo``." +msgstr "" +"当包由多个子包构成（如示例中的 :mod:`!sound` 包）时，可以使用绝对导入来引用同级包的子模块。 例如，如果 " +":mod:`!sound.filters.vocoder` 模块需要使用 :mod:`!sound.effects` 包中的 :mod:`!echo` " +"模块，它可以使用 ``from sound.effects import echo``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:571 +msgid "" +"You can also write relative imports, with the ``from module import name`` " +"form of import statement. These imports use leading dots to indicate the " +"current and parent packages involved in the relative import. From the " +":mod:`!surround` module for example, you might use::" +msgstr "" +"你还可以编写相对导入代码，即使用 ``from module import name`` 形式的 import 语句。 " +"这些导入使用前导点号来表示相对导入所涉及的当前包和上级包。 例如对于 :mod:`!surround` 模块，可以使用::" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:576 +msgid "" +"from . import echo\n" +"from .. import formats\n" +"from ..filters import equalizer" +msgstr "" +"from . import echo\n" +"from .. import formats\n" +"from ..filters import equalizer" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:580 +msgid "" +"Note that relative imports are based on the name of the current module. " +"Since the name of the main module is always ``\"__main__\"``, modules " +"intended for use as the main module of a Python application must always use " +"absolute imports." +msgstr "" +"注意，相对导入基于当前模块名。因为主模块名永远是 ``\"__main__\"`` ，所以如果计划将一个模块用作 Python " +"应用程序的主模块，那么该模块内的导入语句必须始终使用绝对导入。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:586 +msgid "Packages in Multiple Directories" +msgstr "多目录中的包" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:588 +msgid "" +"Packages support one more special attribute, :attr:`~module.__path__`. This" +" is initialized to be a :term:`sequence` of strings containing the name of " +"the directory holding the package's :file:`__init__.py` before the code in " +"that file is executed. This variable can be modified; doing so affects " +"future searches for modules and subpackages contained in the package." +msgstr "" +"包还支持一个特殊的属性， :attr:`~module.__path__` 。 在执行该文件中的代码之前，它被初始化为字符串的 " +":term:`sequence`，其中包含包的 :file:`__init__.py` " +"的目录名称。这个变量可以修改；修改后会影响今后对模块和包中包含的子包的搜索。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:595 +msgid "" +"While this feature is not often needed, it can be used to extend the set of " +"modules found in a package." +msgstr "这个功能虽然不常用，但可用于扩展包中的模块集。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:600 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:601 +msgid "" +"In fact function definitions are also 'statements' that are 'executed'; the " +"execution of a module-level function definition adds the function name to " +"the module's global namespace." +msgstr "实际上函数定义也是被执行的语句；模块级函数定义的执行会将函数名称添加到模块的全局命名空间。" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:184 ../../tutorial/modules.rst:267 +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:348 +msgid "module" +msgstr "module" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:184 +msgid "search" +msgstr "搜索" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:184 +msgid "path" +msgstr "path" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:267 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:348 +msgid "builtins" +msgstr "builtins" + +#: ../../tutorial/modules.rst:493 +msgid "__all__" +msgstr "__all__" diff --git a/tutorial/stdlib.po b/tutorial/stdlib.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66c9a85f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/stdlib.po @@ -0,0 +1,682 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Xu Siyuan, 2021 +# 汪心禾 , 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:5 +msgid "Brief Tour of the Standard Library" +msgstr "标准库简介" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:11 +msgid "Operating System Interface" +msgstr "操作系统接口" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module provides dozens of functions for interacting with the " +"operating system::" +msgstr ":mod:`os` 模块提供了许多与操作系统交互的函数::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:16 +msgid "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> os.getcwd() # Return the current working directory\n" +"'C:\\\\Python313'\n" +">>> os.chdir('/server/accesslogs') # Change current working directory\n" +">>> os.system('mkdir today') # Run the command mkdir in the system shell\n" +"0" +msgstr "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> os.getcwd() # 返回当前工作目录\n" +"'C:\\\\Python313'\n" +">>> os.chdir('/server/accesslogs') # 改变当前工作目录\n" +">>> os.system('mkdir today') # 在系统 shell 中运行 mkdir 命令\n" +"0" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Be sure to use the ``import os`` style instead of ``from os import *``. " +"This will keep :func:`os.open` from shadowing the built-in :func:`open` " +"function which operates much differently." +msgstr "" +"一定要使用 ``import os`` 而不是 ``from os import *`` 。这将避免内建的 :func:`open` 函数被 " +":func:`os.open` 隐式替换掉，因为它们的使用方式大不相同。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The built-in :func:`dir` and :func:`help` functions are useful as " +"interactive aids for working with large modules like :mod:`os`::" +msgstr "内置的 :func:`dir` 和 :func:`help` 函数可用作交互式辅助工具，用于处理大型模块，如 :mod:`os`::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:32 +msgid "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> dir(os)\n" +"\n" +">>> help(os)\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> dir(os)\n" +"<返回由模块的所有函数组成的列表>\n" +">>> help(os)\n" +"<返回根据模块文档字符串创建的详细说明页面>" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:38 +msgid "" +"For daily file and directory management tasks, the :mod:`shutil` module " +"provides a higher level interface that is easier to use::" +msgstr "对于日常文件和目录管理任务， :mod:`shutil` 模块提供了更易于使用的更高级别的接口::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:41 +msgid "" +">>> import shutil\n" +">>> shutil.copyfile('data.db', 'archive.db')\n" +"'archive.db'\n" +">>> shutil.move('/build/executables', 'installdir')\n" +"'installdir'" +msgstr "" +">>> import shutil\n" +">>> shutil.copyfile('data.db', 'archive.db')\n" +"'archive.db'\n" +">>> shutil.move('/build/executables', 'installdir')\n" +"'installdir'" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:51 +msgid "File Wildcards" +msgstr "文件通配符" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`glob` module provides a function for making file lists from " +"directory wildcard searches::" +msgstr ":mod:`glob` 模块提供了一个在目录中使用通配符搜索创建文件列表的函数::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:56 +msgid "" +">>> import glob\n" +">>> glob.glob('*.py')\n" +"['primes.py', 'random.py', 'quote.py']" +msgstr "" +">>> import glob\n" +">>> glob.glob('*.py')\n" +"['primes.py', 'random.py', 'quote.py']" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:64 +msgid "Command Line Arguments" +msgstr "命令行参数" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:66 +msgid "" +"Common utility scripts often need to process command line arguments. These " +"arguments are stored in the :mod:`sys` module's *argv* attribute as a list." +" For instance, let's take the following :file:`demo.py` file::" +msgstr "" +"一般的工具脚本常常需要处理命令行参数。 这些参数以列表形式存储在 :mod:`sys` 模块的 *argv* 属性中。 举例来说，让我们查看下面的 " +":file:`demo.py` 文件::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:70 +msgid "" +"# File demo.py\n" +"import sys\n" +"print(sys.argv)" +msgstr "" +"# 文件 demo.py\n" +"import sys\n" +"print(sys.argv)" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Here is the output from running ``python demo.py one two three`` at the " +"command line::" +msgstr "以下是在命令行中运行 ``python demo.py one two three`` 输出的结果::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:77 +msgid "['demo.py', 'one', 'two', 'three']" +msgstr "['demo.py', 'one', 'two', 'three']" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:79 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`argparse` module provides a more sophisticated mechanism to " +"process command line arguments. The following script extracts one or more " +"filenames and an optional number of lines to be displayed::" +msgstr ":mod:`argparse` 模块提供了一种更复杂的机制来处理命令行参数。 以下脚本可提取一个或多个文件名，并可选择要显示的行数::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:83 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +" prog='top',\n" +" description='Show top lines from each file')\n" +"parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='+')\n" +"parser.add_argument('-l', '--lines', type=int, default=10)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +" prog='top',\n" +" description='Show top lines from each file')\n" +"parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='+')\n" +"parser.add_argument('-l', '--lines', type=int, default=10)\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print(args)" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:93 +msgid "" +"When run at the command line with ``python top.py --lines=5 alpha.txt " +"beta.txt``, the script sets ``args.lines`` to ``5`` and ``args.filenames`` " +"to ``['alpha.txt', 'beta.txt']``." +msgstr "" +"当在通过 ``python top.py --lines=5 alpha.txt beta.txt`` 在命令行运行时，该脚本会将 " +"``args.lines`` 设为 ``5`` 并将 ``args.filenames`` 设为 ``['alpha.txt', " +"'beta.txt']``。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:101 +msgid "Error Output Redirection and Program Termination" +msgstr "错误输出重定向和程序终止" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:103 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sys` module also has attributes for *stdin*, *stdout*, and " +"*stderr*. The latter is useful for emitting warnings and error messages to " +"make them visible even when *stdout* has been redirected::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`sys` 模块还具有 *stdin* ， *stdout* 和 *stderr* 的属性。后者对于发出警告和错误消息非常有用，即使在 " +"*stdout* 被重定向后也可以看到它们::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:107 +msgid "" +">>> sys.stderr.write('Warning, log file not found starting a new one\\n')\n" +"Warning, log file not found starting a new one" +msgstr "" +">>> sys.stderr.write('Warning, log file not found starting a new one\\n')\n" +"Warning, log file not found starting a new one" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:110 +msgid "The most direct way to terminate a script is to use ``sys.exit()``." +msgstr "终止脚本的最直接方法是使用 ``sys.exit()`` 。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:116 +msgid "String Pattern Matching" +msgstr "字符串模式匹配" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:118 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`re` module provides regular expression tools for advanced string " +"processing. For complex matching and manipulation, regular expressions offer" +" succinct, optimized solutions::" +msgstr ":mod:`re` 模块为高级字符串处理提供正则表达式工具。对于复杂的匹配和操作，正则表达式提供简洁，优化的解决方案::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:122 +msgid "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> re.findall(r'\\bf[a-z]*', 'which foot or hand fell fastest')\n" +"['foot', 'fell', 'fastest']\n" +">>> re.sub(r'(\\b[a-z]+) \\1', r'\\1', 'cat in the the hat')\n" +"'cat in the hat'" +msgstr "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> re.findall(r'\\bf[a-z]*', 'which foot or hand fell fastest')\n" +"['foot', 'fell', 'fastest']\n" +">>> re.sub(r'(\\b[a-z]+) \\1', r'\\1', 'cat in the the hat')\n" +"'cat in the hat'" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:128 +msgid "" +"When only simple capabilities are needed, string methods are preferred " +"because they are easier to read and debug::" +msgstr "当只需要简单的功能时，首选字符串方法因为它们更容易阅读和调试::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:131 +msgid "" +">>> 'tea for too'.replace('too', 'two')\n" +"'tea for two'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'tea for too'.replace('too', 'two')\n" +"'tea for two'" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:138 +msgid "Mathematics" +msgstr "数学" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`math` module gives access to the underlying C library functions " +"for floating-point math::" +msgstr ":mod:`math` 模块提供对用于浮点数学运算的下层 C 库函数的访问::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:143 +msgid "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> math.cos(math.pi / 4)\n" +"0.70710678118654757\n" +">>> math.log(1024, 2)\n" +"10.0" +msgstr "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> math.cos(math.pi / 4)\n" +"0.70710678118654757\n" +">>> math.log(1024, 2)\n" +"10.0" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:149 +msgid "The :mod:`random` module provides tools for making random selections::" +msgstr ":mod:`random` 模块提供了进行随机选择的工具::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:151 +msgid "" +">>> import random\n" +">>> random.choice(['apple', 'pear', 'banana'])\n" +"'apple'\n" +">>> random.sample(range(100), 10) # sampling without replacement\n" +"[30, 83, 16, 4, 8, 81, 41, 50, 18, 33]\n" +">>> random.random() # random float from the interval [0.0, 1.0)\n" +"0.17970987693706186\n" +">>> random.randrange(6) # random integer chosen from range(6)\n" +"4" +msgstr "" +">>> import random\n" +">>> random.choice(['apple', 'pear', 'banana'])\n" +"'apple'\n" +">>> random.sample(range(100), 10) # 无替代的取样\n" +"[30, 83, 16, 4, 8, 81, 41, 50, 18, 33]\n" +">>> random.random() # [0.0, 1.0) 区间的随机浮点数\n" +"0.17970987693706186\n" +">>> random.randrange(6) # 从 range(6) 中随机选取的整数\n" +"4" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:161 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`statistics` module calculates basic statistical properties (the " +"mean, median, variance, etc.) of numeric data::" +msgstr ":mod:`statistics` 模块计算数值数据的基本统计属性（均值，中位数，方差等）::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:164 +msgid "" +">>> import statistics\n" +">>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5]\n" +">>> statistics.mean(data)\n" +"1.6071428571428572\n" +">>> statistics.median(data)\n" +"1.25\n" +">>> statistics.variance(data)\n" +"1.3720238095238095" +msgstr "" +">>> import statistics\n" +">>> data = [2.75, 1.75, 1.25, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 3.5]\n" +">>> statistics.mean(data)\n" +"1.6071428571428572\n" +">>> statistics.median(data)\n" +"1.25\n" +">>> statistics.variance(data)\n" +"1.3720238095238095" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:173 +msgid "" +"The SciPy project has many other modules for numerical " +"computations." +msgstr "SciPy项目 有许多其他模块用于数值计算。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:179 +msgid "Internet Access" +msgstr "互联网访问" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:181 +msgid "" +"There are a number of modules for accessing the internet and processing " +"internet protocols. Two of the simplest are :mod:`urllib.request` for " +"retrieving data from URLs and :mod:`smtplib` for sending mail::" +msgstr "" +"有许多模块可用于访问互联网和处理互联网协议。其中两个最简单的 :mod:`urllib.request` 用于从URL检索数据，以及 " +":mod:`smtplib` 用于发送邮件::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:185 +msgid "" +">>> from urllib.request import urlopen\n" +">>> with urlopen('http://worldtimeapi.org/api/timezone/etc/UTC.txt') as response:\n" +"... for line in response:\n" +"... line = line.decode() # Convert bytes to a str\n" +"... if line.startswith('datetime'):\n" +"... print(line.rstrip()) # Remove trailing newline\n" +"...\n" +"datetime: 2022-01-01T01:36:47.689215+00:00\n" +"\n" +">>> import smtplib\n" +">>> server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')\n" +">>> server.sendmail('soothsayer@example.org', 'jcaesar@example.org',\n" +"... \"\"\"To: jcaesar@example.org\n" +"... From: soothsayer@example.org\n" +"...\n" +"... Beware the Ides of March.\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> server.quit()" +msgstr "" +">>> from urllib.request import urlopen\n" +">>> with urlopen('http://worldtimeapi.org/api/timezone/etc/UTC.txt') as response:\n" +"... for line in response:\n" +"... line = line.decode() # 将字节串转换为字符串\n" +"... if line.startswith('datetime'):\n" +"... print(line.rstrip()) # 去除末尾换行符\n" +"...\n" +"datetime: 2022-01-01T01:36:47.689215+00:00\n" +"\n" +">>> import smtplib\n" +">>> server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')\n" +">>> server.sendmail('soothsayer@example.org', 'jcaesar@example.org',\n" +"... \"\"\"To: jcaesar@example.org\n" +"... From: soothsayer@example.org\n" +"...\n" +"... Beware the Ides of March.\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> server.quit()" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:204 +msgid "" +"(Note that the second example needs a mailserver running on localhost.)" +msgstr "（请注意，第二个示例需要在localhost上运行的邮件服务器。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:210 +msgid "Dates and Times" +msgstr "日期和时间" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:212 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`datetime` module supplies classes for manipulating dates and times" +" in both simple and complex ways. While date and time arithmetic is " +"supported, the focus of the implementation is on efficient member extraction" +" for output formatting and manipulation. The module also supports objects " +"that are timezone aware. ::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`datetime` " +"模块提供了以简单和复杂的方式操作日期和时间的类。虽然支持日期和时间算法，但实现的重点是有效的成员提取以进行输出格式化和操作。该模块还支持可感知时区的对象。" +" ::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:218 +msgid "" +">>> # dates are easily constructed and formatted\n" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> now = date.today()\n" +">>> now\n" +"datetime.date(2003, 12, 2)\n" +">>> now.strftime(\"%m-%d-%y. %d %b %Y is a %A on the %d day of %B.\")\n" +"'12-02-03. 02 Dec 2003 is a Tuesday on the 02 day of December.'\n" +"\n" +">>> # dates support calendar arithmetic\n" +">>> birthday = date(1964, 7, 31)\n" +">>> age = now - birthday\n" +">>> age.days\n" +"14368" +msgstr "" +">>> # 方便地构造和格式化日期值\n" +">>> from datetime import date\n" +">>> now = date.today()\n" +">>> now\n" +"datetime.date(2003, 12, 2)\n" +">>> now.strftime(\"%m-%d-%y. %d %b %Y is a %A on the %d day of %B.\")\n" +"'12-02-03. 02 Dec 2003 is a Tuesday on the 02 day of December.'\n" +"\n" +">>> # 日期值支持日历运算\n" +">>> birthday = date(1964, 7, 31)\n" +">>> age = now - birthday\n" +">>> age.days\n" +"14368" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:236 +msgid "Data Compression" +msgstr "数据压缩" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:238 +msgid "" +"Common data archiving and compression formats are directly supported by " +"modules including: :mod:`zlib`, :mod:`gzip`, :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, " +":mod:`zipfile` and :mod:`tarfile`. ::" +msgstr "" +"常见的数据存档和压缩格式由模块直接支持，包括：:mod:`zlib`, :mod:`gzip`, :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, " +":mod:`zipfile` 和 :mod:`tarfile`。::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:242 +msgid "" +">>> import zlib\n" +">>> s = b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'\n" +">>> len(s)\n" +"41\n" +">>> t = zlib.compress(s)\n" +">>> len(t)\n" +"37\n" +">>> zlib.decompress(t)\n" +"b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'\n" +">>> zlib.crc32(s)\n" +"226805979" +msgstr "" +">>> import zlib\n" +">>> s = b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'\n" +">>> len(s)\n" +"41\n" +">>> t = zlib.compress(s)\n" +">>> len(t)\n" +"37\n" +">>> zlib.decompress(t)\n" +"b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'\n" +">>> zlib.crc32(s)\n" +"226805979" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:258 +msgid "Performance Measurement" +msgstr "性能测量" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Some Python users develop a deep interest in knowing the relative " +"performance of different approaches to the same problem. Python provides a " +"measurement tool that answers those questions immediately." +msgstr "一些Python用户对了解同一问题的不同方法的相对性能产生了浓厚的兴趣。 Python提供了一种可以立即回答这些问题的测量工具。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:264 +msgid "" +"For example, it may be tempting to use the tuple packing and unpacking " +"feature instead of the traditional approach to swapping arguments. The " +":mod:`timeit` module quickly demonstrates a modest performance advantage::" +msgstr "例如，元组封包和拆包功能相比传统的交换参数可能更具吸引力。:mod:`timeit` 模块可以快速演示在运行效率方面一定的优势::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:268 +msgid "" +">>> from timeit import Timer\n" +">>> Timer('t=a; a=b; b=t', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()\n" +"0.57535828626024577\n" +">>> Timer('a,b = b,a', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()\n" +"0.54962537085770791" +msgstr "" +">>> from timeit import Timer\n" +">>> Timer('t=a; a=b; b=t', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()\n" +"0.57535828626024577\n" +">>> Timer('a,b = b,a', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()\n" +"0.54962537085770791" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:274 +msgid "" +"In contrast to :mod:`timeit`'s fine level of granularity, the :mod:`profile`" +" and :mod:`pstats` modules provide tools for identifying time critical " +"sections in larger blocks of code." +msgstr "" +"与 :mod:`timeit` 的精细粒度级别相反， :mod:`profile` 和 :mod:`pstats` " +"模块提供了用于在较大的代码块中识别时间关键部分的工具。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:282 +msgid "Quality Control" +msgstr "质量控制" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:284 +msgid "" +"One approach for developing high quality software is to write tests for each" +" function as it is developed and to run those tests frequently during the " +"development process." +msgstr "开发高质量软件的一种方法是在开发过程中为每个函数编写测试，并在开发过程中经常运行这些测试。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:288 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`doctest` module provides a tool for scanning a module and " +"validating tests embedded in a program's docstrings. Test construction is " +"as simple as cutting-and-pasting a typical call along with its results into " +"the docstring. This improves the documentation by providing the user with an" +" example and it allows the doctest module to make sure the code remains true" +" to the documentation::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`doctest` " +"模块提供了一个工具，用于扫描模块并验证程序文档字符串中嵌入的测试。测试构造就像将典型调用及其结果剪切并粘贴到文档字符串一样简单。这通过向用户提供示例来改进文档，并且它允许doctest模块确保代码保持对文档的真实::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:295 +msgid "" +"def average(values):\n" +" \"\"\"Computes the arithmetic mean of a list of numbers.\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(average([20, 30, 70]))\n" +" 40.0\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" return sum(values) / len(values)\n" +"\n" +"import doctest\n" +"doctest.testmod() # automatically validate the embedded tests" +msgstr "" +"def average(values):\n" +" \"\"\"计算数字列表的算术平均值\n" +"\n" +" >>> print(average([20, 30, 70]))\n" +" 40.0\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" return sum(values) / len(values)\n" +"\n" +"import doctest\n" +"doctest.testmod() # 自动验证嵌入式测试" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:306 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` module is not as effortless as the :mod:`doctest` " +"module, but it allows a more comprehensive set of tests to be maintained in " +"a separate file::" +msgstr ":mod:`unittest` 模块不像 :mod:`doctest` 模块那样易于使用，但它允许在一个单独的文件中维护更全面的测试集::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:310 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class TestStatisticalFunctions(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_average(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual(average([20, 30, 70]), 40.0)\n" +" self.assertEqual(round(average([1, 5, 7]), 1), 4.3)\n" +" with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):\n" +" average([])\n" +" with self.assertRaises(TypeError):\n" +" average(20, 30, 70)\n" +"\n" +"unittest.main() # Calling from the command line invokes all tests" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"class TestStatisticalFunctions(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" def test_average(self):\n" +" self.assertEqual(average([20, 30, 70]), 40.0)\n" +" self.assertEqual(round(average([1, 5, 7]), 1), 4.3)\n" +" with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):\n" +" average([])\n" +" with self.assertRaises(TypeError):\n" +" average(20, 30, 70)\n" +"\n" +"unittest.main() # 从命令行调用时会执行所有测试" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:328 +msgid "Batteries Included" +msgstr "自带电池" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:330 +msgid "" +"Python has a \"batteries included\" philosophy. This is best seen through " +"the sophisticated and robust capabilities of its larger packages. For " +"example:" +msgstr "Python有“自带电池”的理念。通过其包的复杂和强大功能可以最好地看到这一点。例如:" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpc.client` and :mod:`xmlrpc.server` modules make implementing " +"remote procedure calls into an almost trivial task. Despite the modules' " +"names, no direct knowledge or handling of XML is needed." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xmlrpc.client` 和 :mod:`xmlrpc.server` 模块使得实现远程过程调用变成了小菜一碟。 " +"尽管存在于模块名称中，但用户不需要直接了解或处理 XML。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:337 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` package is a library for managing email messages, including" +" MIME and other :rfc:`2822`-based message documents. Unlike :mod:`smtplib` " +"and :mod:`poplib` which actually send and receive messages, the email " +"package has a complete toolset for building or decoding complex message " +"structures (including attachments) and for implementing internet encoding " +"and header protocols." +msgstr "" +" :mod:`email` 包是一个用于管理电子邮件的库，包括MIME和其他符合 :rfc:`2822` 规范的邮件文档。与 " +":mod:`smtplib` 和 :mod:`poplib` " +"不同（它们实际上做的是发送和接收消息），电子邮件包提供完整的工具集，用于构建或解码复杂的消息结构（包括附件）以及实现互联网编码和标头协议。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:344 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`json` package provides robust support for parsing this popular " +"data interchange format. The :mod:`csv` module supports direct reading and " +"writing of files in Comma-Separated Value format, commonly supported by " +"databases and spreadsheets. XML processing is supported by the " +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`, :mod:`xml.dom` and :mod:`xml.sax` packages. " +"Together, these modules and packages greatly simplify data interchange " +"between Python applications and other tools." +msgstr "" +" :mod:`json` 包为解析这种流行的数据交换格式提供了强大的支持。 :mod:`csv` " +"模块支持以逗号分隔值格式直接读取和写入文件，这种格式通常为数据库和电子表格所支持。 XML 处理由 " +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` ， :mod:`xml.dom` 和 :mod:`xml.sax` " +"包支持。这些模块和软件包共同大大简化了 Python 应用程序和其他工具之间的数据交换。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:353 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sqlite3` module is a wrapper for the SQLite database library, " +"providing a persistent database that can be updated and accessed using " +"slightly nonstandard SQL syntax." +msgstr "" +" :mod:`sqlite3` 模块是 SQLite 数据库库的包装器，提供了一个可以使用稍微非标准的 SQL 语法更新和访问的持久数据库。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:357 +msgid "" +"Internationalization is supported by a number of modules including " +":mod:`gettext`, :mod:`locale`, and the :mod:`codecs` package." +msgstr "国际化由许多模块支持，包括 :mod:`gettext` ， :mod:`locale` ，以及 :mod:`codecs` 包。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:27 +msgid "built-in function" +msgstr "内置函数" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib.rst:27 +msgid "help" +msgstr "help" diff --git a/tutorial/stdlib2.po b/tutorial/stdlib2.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..876716e2e --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/stdlib2.po @@ -0,0 +1,809 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# SKY H. , 2021 +# Henry Zhu , 2021 +# Pan Felix , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:5 +msgid "Brief Tour of the Standard Library --- Part II" +msgstr "标准库简介 —— 第二部分" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:7 +msgid "" +"This second tour covers more advanced modules that support professional " +"programming needs. These modules rarely occur in small scripts." +msgstr "第二部分涵盖了专业编程所需要的更高级的模块。这些模块很少用在小脚本中。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:14 +msgid "Output Formatting" +msgstr "格式化输出" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`reprlib` module provides a version of :func:`repr` customized for " +"abbreviated displays of large or deeply nested containers::" +msgstr ":mod:`reprlib` 模块提供了一个定制化版本的 :func:`repr` 函数，用于缩略显示大型或深层嵌套的容器对象::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:19 +msgid "" +">>> import reprlib\n" +">>> reprlib.repr(set('supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'))\n" +"\"{'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', ...}\"" +msgstr "" +">>> import reprlib\n" +">>> reprlib.repr(set('supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'))\n" +"\"{'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', ...}\"" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pprint` module offers more sophisticated control over printing " +"both built-in and user defined objects in a way that is readable by the " +"interpreter. When the result is longer than one line, the \"pretty printer\"" +" adds line breaks and indentation to more clearly reveal data structure::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pprint` " +"模块提供了更加复杂的打印控制，其输出的内置对象和用户自定义对象能够被解释器直接读取。当输出结果过长而需要折行时，“美化输出机制”会添加换行符和缩进，以更清楚地展示数据结构::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:28 +msgid "" +">>> import pprint\n" +">>> t = [[[['black', 'cyan'], 'white', ['green', 'red']], [['magenta',\n" +"... 'yellow'], 'blue']]]\n" +"...\n" +">>> pprint.pprint(t, width=30)\n" +"[[[['black', 'cyan'],\n" +" 'white',\n" +" ['green', 'red']],\n" +" [['magenta', 'yellow'],\n" +" 'blue']]]" +msgstr "" +">>> import pprint\n" +">>> t = [[[['black', 'cyan'], 'white', ['green', 'red']], [['magenta',\n" +"... 'yellow'], 'blue']]]\n" +"...\n" +">>> pprint.pprint(t, width=30)\n" +"[[[['black', 'cyan'],\n" +" 'white',\n" +" ['green', 'red']],\n" +" [['magenta', 'yellow'],\n" +" 'blue']]]" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:39 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`textwrap` module formats paragraphs of text to fit a given screen " +"width::" +msgstr ":mod:`textwrap` 模块能够格式化文本段落，以适应给定的屏幕宽度::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:42 +msgid "" +">>> import textwrap\n" +">>> doc = \"\"\"The wrap() method is just like fill() except that it returns\n" +"... a list of strings instead of one big string with newlines to separate\n" +"... the wrapped lines.\"\"\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(textwrap.fill(doc, width=40))\n" +"The wrap() method is just like fill()\n" +"except that it returns a list of strings\n" +"instead of one big string with newlines\n" +"to separate the wrapped lines." +msgstr "" +">>> import textwrap\n" +">>> doc = \"\"\"The wrap() method is just like fill() except that it returns\n" +"... a list of strings instead of one big string with newlines to separate\n" +"... the wrapped lines.\"\"\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> print(textwrap.fill(doc, width=40))\n" +"The wrap() method is just like fill()\n" +"except that it returns a list of strings\n" +"instead of one big string with newlines\n" +"to separate the wrapped lines." + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`locale` module accesses a database of culture specific data " +"formats. The grouping attribute of locale's format function provides a " +"direct way of formatting numbers with group separators::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`locale` 模块处理与特定地域文化相关的数据格式。locale 模块的 format 函数包含一个 grouping " +"属性，可直接将数字格式化为带有组分隔符的样式::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:57 +msgid "" +">>> import locale\n" +">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'English_United States.1252')\n" +"'English_United States.1252'\n" +">>> conv = locale.localeconv() # get a mapping of conventions\n" +">>> x = 1234567.8\n" +">>> locale.format_string(\"%d\", x, grouping=True)\n" +"'1,234,567'\n" +">>> locale.format_string(\"%s%.*f\", (conv['currency_symbol'],\n" +"... conv['frac_digits'], x), grouping=True)\n" +"'$1,234,567.80'" +msgstr "" +">>> import locale\n" +">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'English_United States.1252')\n" +"'English_United States.1252'\n" +">>> conv = locale.localeconv() # 获取语言区域设置的映射\n" +">>> x = 1234567.8\n" +">>> locale.format_string(\"%d\", x, grouping=True)\n" +"'1,234,567'\n" +">>> locale.format_string(\"%s%.*f\", (conv['currency_symbol'],\n" +"... conv['frac_digits'], x), grouping=True)\n" +"'$1,234,567.80'" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:72 +msgid "Templating" +msgstr "模板" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:74 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`string` module includes a versatile :class:`~string.Template` " +"class with a simplified syntax suitable for editing by end-users. This " +"allows users to customize their applications without having to alter the " +"application." +msgstr "" +":mod:`string` 模块包含一个通用的 :class:`~string.Template` " +"类，具有适用于最终用户的简化语法。它允许用户在不更改应用逻辑的情况下定制自己的应用。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:78 +msgid "" +"The format uses placeholder names formed by ``$`` with valid Python " +"identifiers (alphanumeric characters and underscores). Surrounding the " +"placeholder with braces allows it to be followed by more alphanumeric " +"letters with no intervening spaces. Writing ``$$`` creates a single escaped" +" ``$``::" +msgstr "" +"上述格式化操作是通过占位符实现的，占位符由 ``$`` 加上合法的 Python " +"标识符（只能包含字母、数字和下划线）构成。一旦使用花括号将占位符括起来，就可以在后面直接跟上更多的字母和数字而无需空格分割。``$$`` " +"将被转义成单个字符 ``$``::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:83 +msgid "" +">>> from string import Template\n" +">>> t = Template('${village}folk send $$10 to $cause.')\n" +">>> t.substitute(village='Nottingham', cause='the ditch fund')\n" +"'Nottinghamfolk send $10 to the ditch fund.'" +msgstr "" +">>> from string import Template\n" +">>> t = Template('${village}folk send $$10 to $cause.')\n" +">>> t.substitute(village='Nottingham', cause='the ditch fund')\n" +"'Nottinghamfolk send $10 to the ditch fund.'" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~string.Template.substitute` method raises a :exc:`KeyError` when" +" a placeholder is not supplied in a dictionary or a keyword argument. For " +"mail-merge style applications, user supplied data may be incomplete and the " +":meth:`~string.Template.safe_substitute` method may be more appropriate --- " +"it will leave placeholders unchanged if data is missing::" +msgstr "" +"如果在字典或关键字参数中未提供某个占位符的值，那么 :meth:`~string.Template.substitute` 方法将抛出 " +":exc:`KeyError`\\ 。对于邮件合并类型的应用，用户提供的数据有可能是不完整的，此时使用 " +":meth:`~string.Template.safe_substitute` 方法更加合适 —— 如果数据缺失，它会直接将占位符原样保留。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:94 +msgid "" +">>> t = Template('Return the $item to $owner.')\n" +">>> d = dict(item='unladen swallow')\n" +">>> t.substitute(d)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"KeyError: 'owner'\n" +">>> t.safe_substitute(d)\n" +"'Return the unladen swallow to $owner.'" +msgstr "" +">>> t = Template('Return the $item to $owner.')\n" +">>> d = dict(item='unladen swallow')\n" +">>> t.substitute(d)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"KeyError: 'owner'\n" +">>> t.safe_substitute(d)\n" +"'Return the unladen swallow to $owner.'" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:103 +msgid "" +"Template subclasses can specify a custom delimiter. For example, a batch " +"renaming utility for a photo browser may elect to use percent signs for " +"placeholders such as the current date, image sequence number, or file " +"format::" +msgstr "Template 的子类可以自定义分隔符。例如，以下是某个照片浏览器的批量重命名功能，采用了百分号作为日期、照片序号和照片格式的占位符::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:107 +msgid "" +">>> import time, os.path\n" +">>> photofiles = ['img_1074.jpg', 'img_1076.jpg', 'img_1077.jpg']\n" +">>> class BatchRename(Template):\n" +"... delimiter = '%'\n" +"...\n" +">>> fmt = input('Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): ')\n" +"Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): Ashley_%n%f\n" +"\n" +">>> t = BatchRename(fmt)\n" +">>> date = time.strftime('%d%b%y')\n" +">>> for i, filename in enumerate(photofiles):\n" +"... base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)\n" +"... newname = t.substitute(d=date, n=i, f=ext)\n" +"... print('{0} --> {1}'.format(filename, newname))\n" +"\n" +"img_1074.jpg --> Ashley_0.jpg\n" +"img_1076.jpg --> Ashley_1.jpg\n" +"img_1077.jpg --> Ashley_2.jpg" +msgstr "" +">>> import time, os.path\n" +">>> photofiles = ['img_1074.jpg', 'img_1076.jpg', 'img_1077.jpg']\n" +">>> class BatchRename(Template):\n" +"... delimiter = '%'\n" +"...\n" +">>> fmt = input('Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): ')\n" +"Enter rename style (%d-date %n-seqnum %f-format): Ashley_%n%f\n" +"\n" +">>> t = BatchRename(fmt)\n" +">>> date = time.strftime('%d%b%y')\n" +">>> for i, filename in enumerate(photofiles):\n" +"... base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)\n" +"... newname = t.substitute(d=date, n=i, f=ext)\n" +"... print('{0} --> {1}'.format(filename, newname))\n" +"\n" +"img_1074.jpg --> Ashley_0.jpg\n" +"img_1076.jpg --> Ashley_1.jpg\n" +"img_1077.jpg --> Ashley_2.jpg" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Another application for templating is separating program logic from the " +"details of multiple output formats. This makes it possible to substitute " +"custom templates for XML files, plain text reports, and HTML web reports." +msgstr "" +"模板的另一个应用是将程序逻辑与多样的格式化输出细节分离开来。这使得对 XML 文件、纯文本报表和 HTML 网络报表使用自定义模板成为可能。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:134 +msgid "Working with Binary Data Record Layouts" +msgstr "使用二进制数据记录格式" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:136 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`struct` module provides :func:`~struct.pack` and " +":func:`~struct.unpack` functions for working with variable length binary " +"record formats. The following example shows how to loop through header " +"information in a ZIP file without using the :mod:`zipfile` module. Pack " +"codes ``\"H\"`` and ``\"I\"`` represent two and four byte unsigned numbers " +"respectively. The ``\"<\"`` indicates that they are standard size and in " +"little-endian byte order::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`struct` 模块提供了 :func:`~struct.pack` 和 :func:`~struct.unpack` " +"函数，用于处理不定长度的二进制记录格式。下面的例子展示了在不使用 :mod:`zipfile` 模块的情况下，如何循环遍历一个 ZIP " +"文件的所有头信息。Pack 代码 ``\"H\"`` 和 ``\"I\"`` 分别代表两字节和四字节无符号整数。\\ ``\"<\"`` " +"代表它们是标准尺寸的小端字节序::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:144 +msgid "" +"import struct\n" +"\n" +"with open('myfile.zip', 'rb') as f:\n" +" data = f.read()\n" +"\n" +"start = 0\n" +"for i in range(3): # show the first 3 file headers\n" +" start += 14\n" +" fields = struct.unpack('>> import weakref, gc\n" +">>> class A:\n" +"... def __init__(self, value):\n" +"... self.value = value\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return str(self.value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> a = A(10) # create a reference\n" +">>> d = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()\n" +">>> d['primary'] = a # does not create a reference\n" +">>> d['primary'] # fetch the object if it is still alive\n" +"10\n" +">>> del a # remove the one reference\n" +">>> gc.collect() # run garbage collection right away\n" +"0\n" +">>> d['primary'] # entry was automatically removed\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" d['primary'] # entry was automatically removed\n" +" File \"C:/python313/lib/weakref.py\", line 46, in __getitem__\n" +" o = self.data[key]()\n" +"KeyError: 'primary'" +msgstr "" +">>> import weakref, gc\n" +">>> class A:\n" +"... def __init__(self, value):\n" +"... self.value = value\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return str(self.value)\n" +"...\n" +">>> a = A(10) # 创建一个引用\n" +">>> d = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()\n" +">>> d['primary'] = a # 不创建引用\n" +">>> d['primary'] # 如果对象仍然存在则获取它\n" +"10\n" +">>> del a # 移除一个引用\n" +">>> gc.collect() # 立即运行垃圾回收\n" +"0\n" +">>> d['primary'] # 条目会被自动移除\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" d['primary'] # 条目会被自动移除\n" +" File \"C:/python313/lib/weakref.py\", line 46, in __getitem__\n" +" o = self.data[key]()\n" +"KeyError: 'primary'" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:290 +msgid "Tools for Working with Lists" +msgstr "用于操作列表的工具" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Many data structure needs can be met with the built-in list type. However, " +"sometimes there is a need for alternative implementations with different " +"performance trade-offs." +msgstr "许多对于数据结构的需求可以通过内置列表类型来满足。 但是，有时也会需要具有不同效费比的替代实现。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:296 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`array` module provides an :class:`~array.array` object that is " +"like a list that stores only homogeneous data and stores it more compactly." +" The following example shows an array of numbers stored as two byte " +"unsigned binary numbers (typecode ``\"H\"``) rather than the usual 16 bytes " +"per entry for regular lists of Python int objects::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`array` 模块提供了一种 :class:`~array.array` 对象，它类似于列表，但只能存储类型一致的数据且存储密度更高。 " +"下面的例子显示了一个由存储为双字节无符号整数的数字 (类型码 ``\"H\"``) 组成的元组，而不是常规 Python int " +"对象列表所采用的每个条目 16 字节::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:302 +msgid "" +">>> from array import array\n" +">>> a = array('H', [4000, 10, 700, 22222])\n" +">>> sum(a)\n" +"26932\n" +">>> a[1:3]\n" +"array('H', [10, 700])" +msgstr "" +">>> from array import array\n" +">>> a = array('H', [4000, 10, 700, 22222])\n" +">>> sum(a)\n" +"26932\n" +">>> a[1:3]\n" +"array('H', [10, 700])" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:309 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`collections` module provides a :class:`~collections.deque` object " +"that is like a list with faster appends and pops from the left side but " +"slower lookups in the middle. These objects are well suited for implementing" +" queues and breadth first tree searches::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections` 模块提供了一种 :class:`~collections.deque` " +"对象，它类似于列表，但从左端添加和弹出的速度较快而在中间查找的速度较慢。 此种对象适用于实现队列和广度优先树搜索::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:314 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> d = deque([\"task1\", \"task2\", \"task3\"])\n" +">>> d.append(\"task4\")\n" +">>> print(\"Handling\", d.popleft())\n" +"Handling task1" +msgstr "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> d = deque([\"task1\", \"task2\", \"task3\"])\n" +">>> d.append(\"task4\")\n" +">>> print(\"Handling\", d.popleft())\n" +"Handling task1" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:322 +msgid "" +"unsearched = deque([starting_node])\n" +"def breadth_first_search(unsearched):\n" +" node = unsearched.popleft()\n" +" for m in gen_moves(node):\n" +" if is_goal(m):\n" +" return m\n" +" unsearched.append(m)" +msgstr "" +"unsearched = deque([starting_node])\n" +"def breadth_first_search(unsearched):\n" +" node = unsearched.popleft()\n" +" for m in gen_moves(node):\n" +" if is_goal(m):\n" +" return m\n" +" unsearched.append(m)" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:330 +msgid "" +"In addition to alternative list implementations, the library also offers " +"other tools such as the :mod:`bisect` module with functions for manipulating" +" sorted lists::" +msgstr "在替代的列表实现以外，标准库也提供了其他工具，例如 :mod:`bisect` 模块具有用于操作有序列表的函数::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:334 +msgid "" +">>> import bisect\n" +">>> scores = [(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]\n" +">>> bisect.insort(scores, (300, 'ruby'))\n" +">>> scores\n" +"[(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (300, 'ruby'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]" +msgstr "" +">>> import bisect\n" +">>> scores = [(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]\n" +">>> bisect.insort(scores, (300, 'ruby'))\n" +">>> scores\n" +"[(100, 'perl'), (200, 'tcl'), (300, 'ruby'), (400, 'lua'), (500, 'python')]" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:340 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`heapq` module provides functions for implementing heaps based on " +"regular lists. The lowest valued entry is always kept at position zero. " +"This is useful for applications which repeatedly access the smallest element" +" but do not want to run a full list sort::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`heapq` 模块提供了基于常规列表来实现堆的函数。 最小值的条目总是保持在位置零。 " +"这对于需要重复访问最小元素而不希望运行完整列表排序的应用来说非常有用::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:345 +msgid "" +">>> from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush\n" +">>> data = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0]\n" +">>> heapify(data) # rearrange the list into heap order\n" +">>> heappush(data, -5) # add a new entry\n" +">>> [heappop(data) for i in range(3)] # fetch the three smallest entries\n" +"[-5, 0, 1]" +msgstr "" +">>> from heapq import heapify, heappop, heappush\n" +">>> data = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0]\n" +">>> heapify(data) # 将列表重新调整为堆顺序\n" +">>> heappush(data, -5) # 添加一个新条目\n" +">>> [heappop(data) for i in range(3)] # 获取三个最小的条目\n" +"[-5, 0, 1]" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:356 +msgid "Decimal Floating-Point Arithmetic" +msgstr "十进制浮点运算" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`decimal` module offers a :class:`~decimal.Decimal` datatype for " +"decimal floating-point arithmetic. Compared to the built-in :class:`float` " +"implementation of binary floating point, the class is especially helpful for" +msgstr "" +":mod:`decimal` 模块提供了一种 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 数据类型用于十进制浮点运算。 相比内置的 " +":class:`float` 二进制浮点实现，该类特别适用于" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:362 +msgid "" +"financial applications and other uses which require exact decimal " +"representation," +msgstr "财务应用和其他需要精确十进制表示的用途，" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:364 +msgid "control over precision," +msgstr "控制精度，" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:365 +msgid "control over rounding to meet legal or regulatory requirements," +msgstr "控制四舍五入以满足法律或监管要求，" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:366 +msgid "tracking of significant decimal places, or" +msgstr "跟踪有效小数位，或" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:367 +msgid "" +"applications where the user expects the results to match calculations done " +"by hand." +msgstr "用户期望结果与手工完成的计算相匹配的应用程序。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:370 +msgid "" +"For example, calculating a 5% tax on a 70 cent phone charge gives different " +"results in decimal floating point and binary floating point. The difference " +"becomes significant if the results are rounded to the nearest cent::" +msgstr "例如，使用十进制浮点和二进制浮点数计算70美分手机和5％税的总费用，会产生的不同结果。如果结果四舍五入到最接近的分数差异会更大::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:374 +msgid "" +">>> from decimal import *\n" +">>> round(Decimal('0.70') * Decimal('1.05'), 2)\n" +"Decimal('0.74')\n" +">>> round(.70 * 1.05, 2)\n" +"0.73" +msgstr "" +">>> from decimal import *\n" +">>> round(Decimal('0.70') * Decimal('1.05'), 2)\n" +"Decimal('0.74')\n" +">>> round(.70 * 1.05, 2)\n" +"0.73" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:380 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~decimal.Decimal` result keeps a trailing zero, automatically " +"inferring four place significance from multiplicands with two place " +"significance. Decimal reproduces mathematics as done by hand and avoids " +"issues that can arise when binary floating point cannot exactly represent " +"decimal quantities." +msgstr "" +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` 表示的结果会保留尾部的零，并根据具有两个有效位的被乘数自动推出四个有效位。 Decimal " +"可以模拟手工运算来避免当二进制浮点数无法精确表示十进制数时会导致的问题。" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Exact representation enables the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class to perform " +"modulo calculations and equality tests that are unsuitable for binary " +"floating point::" +msgstr "精确表示特性使得 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 类能够执行对于二进制浮点数来说不适用的模运算和相等性检测::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:390 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal('1.00') % Decimal('.10')\n" +"Decimal('0.00')\n" +">>> 1.00 % 0.10\n" +"0.09999999999999995\n" +"\n" +">>> sum([Decimal('0.1')]*10) == Decimal('1.0')\n" +"True\n" +">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 1.0\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal('1.00') % Decimal('.10')\n" +"Decimal('0.00')\n" +">>> 1.00 % 0.10\n" +"0.09999999999999995\n" +"\n" +">>> sum([Decimal('0.1')]*10) == Decimal('1.0')\n" +"True\n" +">>> 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 1.0\n" +"False" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:400 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`decimal` module provides arithmetic with as much precision as " +"needed::" +msgstr ":mod:`decimal` 模块提供了运算所需要的足够精度::" + +#: ../../tutorial/stdlib2.rst:402 +msgid "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 36\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal('0.142857142857142857142857142857142857')" +msgstr "" +">>> getcontext().prec = 36\n" +">>> Decimal(1) / Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal('0.142857142857142857142857142857142857')" diff --git a/tutorial/venv.po b/tutorial/venv.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a891db05 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/venv.po @@ -0,0 +1,410 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:6 +msgid "Virtual Environments and Packages" +msgstr "虚拟环境和包" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:9 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Python applications will often use packages and modules that don't come as " +"part of the standard library. Applications will sometimes need a specific " +"version of a library, because the application may require that a particular " +"bug has been fixed or the application may be written using an obsolete " +"version of the library's interface." +msgstr "" +"Python应用程序通常会使用不在标准库内的软件包和模块。应用程序有时需要特定版本的库，因为应用程序可能需要修复特定的错误，或者可以使用库的过时版本的接口编写应用程序。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:17 +msgid "" +"This means it may not be possible for one Python installation to meet the " +"requirements of every application. If application A needs version 1.0 of a " +"particular module but application B needs version 2.0, then the requirements" +" are in conflict and installing either version 1.0 or 2.0 will leave one " +"application unable to run." +msgstr "" +"这意味着一个Python安装可能无法满足每个应用程序的要求。如果应用程序A需要特定模块的1.0版本但应用程序B需要2.0版本，则需求存在冲突，安装版本1.0或2.0将导致某一个应用程序无法运行。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The solution for this problem is to create a :term:`virtual environment`, a " +"self-contained directory tree that contains a Python installation for a " +"particular version of Python, plus a number of additional packages." +msgstr "" +"这个问题的解决方案是创建一个 :term:`virtual environment`，一个目录树，其中安装有特定Python版本，以及许多其他包。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:27 +msgid "" +"Different applications can then use different virtual environments. To " +"resolve the earlier example of conflicting requirements, application A can " +"have its own virtual environment with version 1.0 installed while " +"application B has another virtual environment with version 2.0. If " +"application B requires a library be upgraded to version 3.0, this will not " +"affect application A's environment." +msgstr "" +"然后，不同的应用将可以使用不同的虚拟环境。 要解决先前需求相冲突的例子，应用程序 A 可以拥有自己的 安装了 1.0 版本的虚拟环境，而应用程序 B " +"则拥有安装了 2.0 版本的另一个虚拟环境。 如果应用程序 B 要求将某个库升级到 3.0 版本，也不会影响应用程序 A 的环境。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:36 +msgid "Creating Virtual Environments" +msgstr "创建虚拟环境" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called " +":mod:`venv`. :mod:`venv` will install the Python version from which the " +"command was run (as reported by the :option:`--version` option). For " +"instance, executing the command with ``python3.12`` will install version " +"3.12." +msgstr "" +"用于创建和管理虚拟环境的模块是 :mod:`venv`。 :mod:`venv` 将安装运行命令所使用的 Python 版本（即 " +":option:`--version` 选项所报告的版本）。 例如，使用 ``python3.12`` 执行命令将会安装 3.12 版。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:44 +msgid "" +"To create a virtual environment, decide upon a directory where you want to " +"place it, and run the :mod:`venv` module as a script with the directory " +"path::" +msgstr "要创建虚拟环境，请确定要放置它的目录，并将 :mod:`venv` 模块作为脚本运行目录路径::" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:47 +msgid "python -m venv tutorial-env" +msgstr "python -m venv tutorial-env" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:49 +msgid "" +"This will create the ``tutorial-env`` directory if it doesn't exist, and " +"also create directories inside it containing a copy of the Python " +"interpreter and various supporting files." +msgstr "这将创建 ``tutorial-env`` 目录，如果它不存在的话，并在其中创建包含 Python 解释器副本和各种支持文件的目录。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:53 +msgid "" +"A common directory location for a virtual environment is ``.venv``. This " +"name keeps the directory typically hidden in your shell and thus out of the " +"way while giving it a name that explains why the directory exists. It also " +"prevents clashing with ``.env`` environment variable definition files that " +"some tooling supports." +msgstr "" +"虚拟环境的常用目录位置是 ``.venv``。 这个名称通常会令该目录在你的终端中保持隐藏，从而避免需要对所在目录进行额外解释的一般名称。 " +"它还能防止与某些工具所支持的 ``.env`` 环境变量定义文件发生冲突。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:59 +msgid "Once you've created a virtual environment, you may activate it." +msgstr "创建虚拟环境后，您可以激活它。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:61 +msgid "On Windows, run::" +msgstr "在Windows上，运行::" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:63 +msgid "tutorial-env\\Scripts\\activate" +msgstr "tutorial-env\\Scripts\\activate" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:65 +msgid "On Unix or MacOS, run::" +msgstr "在Unix或MacOS上，运行::" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:67 +msgid "source tutorial-env/bin/activate" +msgstr "source tutorial-env/bin/activate" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:69 +msgid "" +"(This script is written for the bash shell. If you use the :program:`csh` " +"or :program:`fish` shells, there are alternate ``activate.csh`` and " +"``activate.fish`` scripts you should use instead.)" +msgstr "" +"（这个脚本是为bash shell编写的。如果你使用 :program:`csh` 或 :program:`fish` shell，你应该改用 " +"``activate.csh`` 或 ``activate.fish`` 脚本。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Activating the virtual environment will change your shell's prompt to show " +"what virtual environment you're using, and modify the environment so that " +"running ``python`` will get you that particular version and installation of " +"Python. For example:" +msgstr "" +"激活虚拟环境将改变你所用终端的提示符，以显示你正在使用的虚拟环境，并修改环境以使 ``python`` 命令所运行的将是已安装的特定 Python " +"版本。 例如：" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:79 +msgid "" +"$ source ~/envs/tutorial-env/bin/activate\n" +"(tutorial-env) $ python\n" +"Python 3.5.1 (default, May 6 2016, 10:59:36)\n" +" ...\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path\n" +"['', '/usr/local/lib/python35.zip', ...,\n" +"'~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.5/site-packages']\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +"$ source ~/envs/tutorial-env/bin/activate\n" +"(tutorial-env) $ python\n" +"Python 3.5.1 (default, May 6 2016, 10:59:36)\n" +" ...\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path\n" +"['', '/usr/local/lib/python35.zip', ...,\n" +"'~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.5/site-packages']\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:91 +msgid "To deactivate a virtual environment, type::" +msgstr "要撤销激活一个虚拟环境，请输入::" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:93 +msgid "deactivate" +msgstr "deactivate" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:95 +msgid "into the terminal." +msgstr "到终端。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:98 +msgid "Managing Packages with pip" +msgstr "使用pip管理包" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:100 +msgid "" +"You can install, upgrade, and remove packages using a program called " +":program:`pip`. By default ``pip`` will install packages from the `Python " +"Package Index `_. You can browse the Python Package Index" +" by going to it in your web browser." +msgstr "" +"你可以使用一个名为 :program:`pip` 的程序来安装、升级和移除软件包。 默认情况下 ``pip`` 将从 `Python Package " +"Index `_ 安装软件包。 你可以在你的 web 浏览器中查看 Python Package Index。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:105 +msgid "" +"``pip`` has a number of subcommands: \"install\", \"uninstall\", \"freeze\"," +" etc. (Consult the :ref:`installing-index` guide for complete documentation" +" for ``pip``.)" +msgstr "" +"``pip`` 有许多子命令: \"install\", \"uninstall\", \"freeze\" 等等。 （请在 " +":ref:`installing-index` 指南页查看完整的 ``pip`` 文档。）" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:109 +msgid "" +"You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's " +"name:" +msgstr "您可以通过指定包的名称来安装最新版本的包：" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:111 +msgid "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install novas\n" +"Collecting novas\n" +" Downloading novas-3.1.1.3.tar.gz (136kB)\n" +"Installing collected packages: novas\n" +" Running setup.py install for novas\n" +"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3" +msgstr "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install novas\n" +"Collecting novas\n" +" Downloading novas-3.1.1.3.tar.gz (136kB)\n" +"Installing collected packages: novas\n" +" Running setup.py install for novas\n" +"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:120 +msgid "" +"You can also install a specific version of a package by giving the package " +"name followed by ``==`` and the version number:" +msgstr "您还可以通过提供包名称后跟 ``==`` 和版本号来安装特定版本的包：" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:123 +msgid "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install requests==2.6.0\n" +"Collecting requests==2.6.0\n" +" Using cached requests-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl\n" +"Installing collected packages: requests\n" +"Successfully installed requests-2.6.0" +msgstr "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install requests==2.6.0\n" +"Collecting requests==2.6.0\n" +" Using cached requests-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl\n" +"Installing collected packages: requests\n" +"Successfully installed requests-2.6.0" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:131 +msgid "" +"If you re-run this command, ``pip`` will notice that the requested version " +"is already installed and do nothing. You can supply a different version " +"number to get that version, or you can run ``python -m pip install " +"--upgrade`` to upgrade the package to the latest version:" +msgstr "" +"如果你重新运行这个命令，``pip`` 会注意到已经安装了所请求的版本因而不做任何事。 你可以提供不同的版本号来获取相应版本，或者你可以运行 " +"``python -m pip install --upgrade`` 以将软件包升级到最新版本:" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:136 +msgid "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install --upgrade requests\n" +"Collecting requests\n" +"Installing collected packages: requests\n" +" Found existing installation: requests 2.6.0\n" +" Uninstalling requests-2.6.0:\n" +" Successfully uninstalled requests-2.6.0\n" +"Successfully installed requests-2.7.0" +msgstr "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install --upgrade requests\n" +"Collecting requests\n" +"Installing collected packages: requests\n" +" Found existing installation: requests 2.6.0\n" +" Uninstalling requests-2.6.0:\n" +" Successfully uninstalled requests-2.6.0\n" +"Successfully installed requests-2.7.0" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:146 +msgid "" +"``python -m pip uninstall`` followed by one or more package names will " +"remove the packages from the virtual environment." +msgstr "``python -m pip uninstall`` 后跟一个或多个要从虚拟环境中删除的包所对应的名称。" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:149 +msgid "" +"``python -m pip show`` will display information about a particular package:" +msgstr "``python -m pip show`` 将显示有关某个特定包的信息:" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:151 +msgid "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip show requests\n" +"---\n" +"Metadata-Version: 2.0\n" +"Name: requests\n" +"Version: 2.7.0\n" +"Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.\n" +"Home-page: http://python-requests.org\n" +"Author: Kenneth Reitz\n" +"Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com\n" +"License: Apache 2.0\n" +"Location: /Users/akuchling/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.4/site-packages\n" +"Requires:" +msgstr "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip show requests\n" +"---\n" +"Metadata-Version: 2.0\n" +"Name: requests\n" +"Version: 2.7.0\n" +"Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.\n" +"Home-page: http://python-requests.org\n" +"Author: Kenneth Reitz\n" +"Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com\n" +"License: Apache 2.0\n" +"Location: /Users/akuchling/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.4/site-packages\n" +"Requires:" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:166 +msgid "" +"``python -m pip list`` will display all of the packages installed in the " +"virtual environment:" +msgstr "``python -m pip list`` 将显示所有在虚拟环境中安装的包:" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:169 +msgid "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip list\n" +"novas (3.1.1.3)\n" +"numpy (1.9.2)\n" +"pip (7.0.3)\n" +"requests (2.7.0)\n" +"setuptools (16.0)" +msgstr "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip list\n" +"novas (3.1.1.3)\n" +"numpy (1.9.2)\n" +"pip (7.0.3)\n" +"requests (2.7.0)\n" +"setuptools (16.0)" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:178 +msgid "" +"``python -m pip freeze`` will produce a similar list of the installed " +"packages, but the output uses the format that ``python -m pip install`` " +"expects. A common convention is to put this list in a ``requirements.txt`` " +"file:" +msgstr "" +"``python -m pip freeze`` 将产生一个类似的已安装包列表，但其输出会使用 ``python -m pip install`` " +"所期望的格式。 一个常见的约定是将此列表放在 ``requirements.txt`` 文件中:" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:182 +msgid "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip freeze > requirements.txt\n" +"(tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt\n" +"novas==3.1.1.3\n" +"numpy==1.9.2\n" +"requests==2.7.0" +msgstr "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip freeze > requirements.txt\n" +"(tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt\n" +"novas==3.1.1.3\n" +"numpy==1.9.2\n" +"requests==2.7.0" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:190 +msgid "" +"The ``requirements.txt`` can then be committed to version control and " +"shipped as part of an application. Users can then install all the necessary" +" packages with ``install -r``:" +msgstr "" +"然后可以将 ``requirements.txt`` 提交给版本控制并作为应用程序的一部分提供。然后用户可以使用 ``install -r`` " +"安装所有必需的包：" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:194 +msgid "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt\n" +"Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))\n" +" ...\n" +"Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))\n" +" ...\n" +"Collecting requests==2.7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))\n" +" ...\n" +"Installing collected packages: novas, numpy, requests\n" +" Running setup.py install for novas\n" +"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 numpy-1.9.2 requests-2.7.0" +msgstr "" +"(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt\n" +"Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))\n" +" ...\n" +"Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))\n" +" ...\n" +"Collecting requests==2.7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))\n" +" ...\n" +"Installing collected packages: novas, numpy, requests\n" +" Running setup.py install for novas\n" +"Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 numpy-1.9.2 requests-2.7.0" + +#: ../../tutorial/venv.rst:207 +msgid "" +"``pip`` has many more options. Consult the :ref:`installing-index` guide " +"for complete documentation for ``pip``. When you've written a package and " +"want to make it available on the Python Package Index, consult the `Python " +"packaging user guide`_." +msgstr "" +"``pip`` 有更多的选项。 有关 ``pip`` 的完整文档请查阅 :ref:`installing-index` 指南。 " +"当你编写了一个软件包并希望将其放在 Python Package Index 中时，请查阅 `Python packaging user " +"guide`_。" diff --git a/tutorial/whatnow.po b/tutorial/whatnow.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ab8d3fe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/tutorial/whatnow.po @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# eric R , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2022 +# WH-2099 , 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: WH-2099 , 2023\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:5 +msgid "What Now?" +msgstr "接下来？" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Reading this tutorial has probably reinforced your interest in using Python " +"--- you should be eager to apply Python to solving your real-world problems." +" Where should you go to learn more?" +msgstr "阅读本教程可能会增强您对使用Python的兴趣 - 您应该热衷于应用Python来解决您的实际问题。你应该去哪里了解更多？" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This tutorial is part of Python's documentation set. Some other documents " +"in the set are:" +msgstr "本教程是Python文档集的一部分。其他文档：" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:14 +msgid ":ref:`library-index`:" +msgstr ":ref:`library-index`:" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:16 +msgid "" +"You should browse through this manual, which gives complete (though terse) " +"reference material about types, functions, and the modules in the standard " +"library. The standard Python distribution includes a *lot* of additional " +"code. There are modules to read Unix mailboxes, retrieve documents via HTTP," +" generate random numbers, parse command-line options, compress data, and " +"many other tasks. Skimming through the Library Reference will give you an " +"idea of what's available." +msgstr "" +"你应当浏览一下本手册，其中提供了有关标准库中的类型、函数和模块的完整（但简洁）的参考资料。 标准 Python 分发版包括 *许多* 附加代码。 " +"这些模块可以完成读取 Unix 邮箱，通过 HTTP 获取文档，生成随机数，解析命令行选项，压缩数据以及许多其他任务。 " +"浏览标准库参考将使你了解有哪些可用的功能。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:24 +msgid "" +":ref:`installing-index` explains how to install additional modules written " +"by other Python users." +msgstr ":ref:`installing-index` 解释了怎么安装由其他Python开发者编写的模块。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:27 +msgid "" +":ref:`reference-index`: A detailed explanation of Python's syntax and " +"semantics. It's heavy reading, but is useful as a complete guide to the " +"language itself." +msgstr ":ref:`reference-index`: Python的语法和语义的详细解释。尽管阅读完非常繁重，但作为语言本身的完整指南是有用的。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:31 +msgid "More Python resources:" +msgstr "更多Python资源：" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:33 +msgid "" +"https://www.python.org: The major Python web site. It contains code, " +"documentation, and pointers to Python-related pages around the web." +msgstr "https://www.python.org: Python 主网站。 它包含代码、文档和指向全网 Python 相关网页的链接。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:36 +msgid "https://docs.python.org: Fast access to Python's documentation." +msgstr "https://docs.python.org ：快速访问Python的文档。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:38 +msgid "" +"https://pypi.org: The Python Package Index, previously also nicknamed the " +"Cheese Shop [#]_, is an index of user-created Python modules that are " +"available for download. Once you begin releasing code, you can register it " +"here so that others can find it." +msgstr "" +"https://pypi.org: The Python Package Index，以前也被昵称为 Cheese Shop [#]_，是可下载用户自制" +" Python 模块的索引。 当你要开始发布代码时，你可以在此处进行注册以便其他人能找到它。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:43 +msgid "" +"https://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/: The Python Cookbook is a" +" sizable collection of code examples, larger modules, and useful scripts. " +"Particularly notable contributions are collected in a book also titled " +"Python Cookbook (O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 0-596-00797-3.)" +msgstr "" +"https://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/ ：Python " +"Cookbook是一个相当大的代码示例集，更多的模块和有用的脚本。特别值得一看的贡献收集在一本名为Python " +"Cookbook（O'Reilly＆Associates，ISBN 0-596-00797-3）的书中。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:48 +msgid "" +"https://pyvideo.org collects links to Python-related videos from conferences" +" and user-group meetings." +msgstr "https://pyvideo.org 收集了来自研讨会和用户组会议的 Python 相关视频的链接。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:51 +msgid "" +"https://scipy.org: The Scientific Python project includes modules for fast " +"array computations and manipulations plus a host of packages for such things" +" as linear algebra, Fourier transforms, non-linear solvers, random number " +"distributions, statistical analysis and the like." +msgstr "" +"https://scipy.org ：Scientific Python " +"项目包含用于快速矩阵计算和操作的模块，以及用于诸如线性代数，傅里叶变换，非线性求解器，随机数分布，统计分析等的一系列包。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:56 +msgid "" +"For Python-related questions and problem reports, you can post to the " +"newsgroup :newsgroup:`comp.lang.python`, or send them to the mailing list at" +" python-list@python.org. The newsgroup and mailing list are gatewayed, so " +"messages posted to one will automatically be forwarded to the other. There " +"are hundreds of postings a day, asking (and answering) questions, suggesting" +" new features, and announcing new modules. Mailing list archives are " +"available at https://mail.python.org/pipermail/." +msgstr "" +"对于与Python相关的问题和问题报告，您可以发布到新闻组 :newsgroup:`comp.lang.python` " +"，或者将它们发送到邮件列表python-" +"list@python.org。新闻组和邮件列表是互通的，因此发布到一个地方将自动转发给另一个。每天有数百个帖子，询问（和回答）问题，建议新功能，以及宣布新模块。邮件列表档案可在" +" https://mail.python.org/pipermail/ 上找到。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:64 +msgid "" +"Before posting, be sure to check the list of :ref:`Frequently Asked " +"Questions ` (also called the FAQ). The FAQ answers many of the " +"questions that come up again and again, and may already contain the solution" +" for your problem." +msgstr "" +"在发问之前，请务必查看以下列表 :ref:`常见问题` （或简写为 " +"FAQ）。常见问题包含了很多一次又一次被提出的问题及其答案，所以可能已经包含了您的问题解决方案。" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:70 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../tutorial/whatnow.rst:71 +msgid "" +"\"Cheese Shop\" is a Monty Python's sketch: a customer enters a cheese shop," +" but whatever cheese he asks for, the clerk says it's missing." +msgstr "“Cheese Shop”是 Monty Python 的一个短剧：一位顾客来到一家奶酪商店，但无论他要哪种奶酪，店员都说没有货。" diff --git a/using/android.po b/using/android.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd24ddea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/using/android.po @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-04 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-09-27 14:19+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:5 +msgid "Using Python on Android" +msgstr "在Android上使用 Python" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Python on Android is unlike Python on desktop platforms. On a desktop " +"platform, Python is generally installed as a system resource that can be " +"used by any user of that computer. Users then interact with Python by " +"running a :program:`python` executable and entering commands at an " +"interactive prompt, or by running a Python script." +msgstr "" +"Python 在 Android 上与桌面平台上不同。 在桌面平台上，通常是作为系统资源安装的，该计算机的任何用户都可以使用。 然后，用户通过运行 " +":program:`python` 可执行文件并交互提示器中输入命令 ，或运行脚本。" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:13 +msgid "" +"On Android, there is no concept of installing as a system resource. The only" +" unit of software distribution is an \"app\". There is also no console where" +" you could run a :program:`python` executable, or interact with a Python " +"REPL." +msgstr "" +"在安卓系统中，没有将安装作为系统资源的概念。 软件分发的唯一单位是\"应用程序\"。 也没有可以运行 :program:`python` 可执行文件或与" +" Python REPL 交互的控制台。" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:17 +msgid "" +"As a result, the only way you can use Python on Android is in embedded mode " +"– that is, by writing a native Android application, embedding a Python " +"interpreter using ``libpython``, and invoking Python code using the " +":ref:`Python embedding API `. The full Python interpreter, the " +"standard library, and all your Python code is then packaged into your app " +"for its own private use." +msgstr "" +" 因此，在 Android 上使用 Python 的唯一方式是嵌入模式，即编写本地 Android 应用 ，使用 ``libpython`` " +"嵌入Python 解释器 ，并使用 :ref:`Python 嵌入式 API ` 代码。然后，完整的 Python 解释器 " +"、标准库和所有 Python 代码都会打包到您的应用程序中，供其单独使用。" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The Python standard library has some notable omissions and restrictions on " +"Android. See the :ref:`API availability guide ` for " +"details." +msgstr "" +"Python 标准库在 Android 上有一些明显的遗漏和限制。 详情参见 :ref:`API 可用性指南 `。" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:28 +msgid "Adding Python to an Android app" +msgstr "添加Python到Android app" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:30 +msgid "" +"Most app developers should use one of the following tools, which will " +"provide a much easier experience:" +msgstr "大多数开发者应当使用下列工具之一，它们将提供更便捷的体验：" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:33 +msgid "" +"`Briefcase `__, from the BeeWare project" +msgstr "来自 BeeWare 项目的 `Briefcase `__" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:34 +msgid "" +"`Buildozer `__, from the Kivy project" +msgstr "来自 Kivy 项目的 `Buildozer `__" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:35 +msgid "`Chaquopy `__" +msgstr "`Chaquopy `__" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:36 +msgid "" +"`pyqtdeploy `__" +msgstr "" +"`pyqtdeploy `__" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:37 +msgid "`Termux `__" +msgstr "`Termux `__" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:39 +msgid "" +"If you're sure you want to do all of this manually, read on. You can use the" +" :source:`testbed app ` as a guide; each step below " +"contains a link to the relevant file." +msgstr "" +"如果您确定要手动完成所有这些操作，请继续阅读。您可以使用 :source:`testbed app ` " +"作为指南；下面的每个步骤都包含相关文件的链接。" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:43 +msgid "" +"Build Python by following the instructions in :source:`Android/README.md`. " +"This will create the directory ``cross-build/HOST/prefix``." +msgstr "" +"请遵照 :source:`Android/README.md` 中的指导来构建 Python。 这将创建 ``cross-" +"build/HOST/prefix`` 目录。" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:46 +msgid "" +"Add code to your :source:`build.gradle " +"` file to copy the following items " +"into your project. All except your own Python code can be copied from " +"``prefix/lib``:" +msgstr "" +"向你的 :source:`build.gradle ` " +"文件添加代码来将以下条目拷贝到你的项目中。 除了你自己的 Python 代码以外所有内容均可从 ``prefix/lib`` 拷贝：" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:50 +msgid "In your JNI libraries:" +msgstr "在 JNI 库中:" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:52 +msgid "``libpython*.*.so``" +msgstr "``libpython*.*.so``" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:53 +msgid "``lib*_python.so`` (external libraries such as OpenSSL)" +msgstr "``lib*_python.so`` (外部库，如 OpenSSL）" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:55 +msgid "In your assets:" +msgstr "在您的资源文件中：" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:57 +msgid "``python*.*`` (the Python standard library)" +msgstr "``python*.*`` (Python 标准库)" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:58 +msgid "``python*.*/site-packages`` (your own Python code)" +msgstr "``python*.*/site-packages`` （您自己的 Python 代码）" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Add code to your app to :source:`extract the assets to the filesystem " +"`." +msgstr "" +"在应用程序中添加代码以 :source:`提取资源文件到文件系统 " +"`。" + +#: ../../using/android.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Add code to your app to :source:`start Python in embedded mode " +"`. This will need to be C " +"code called via JNI." +msgstr "" +"在应用程序中添加代码 :source:`以嵌入模式启动 Python " +"`。 这需要通过 JNI 调用 C 代码。" diff --git a/using/cmdline.po b/using/cmdline.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15a73b79b --- /dev/null +++ b/using/cmdline.po @@ -0,0 +1,1839 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# 云凝榛缈 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-11 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:9 +msgid "Command line and environment" +msgstr "命令行与环境" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:11 +msgid "" +"The CPython interpreter scans the command line and the environment for " +"various settings." +msgstr "为获取各种设置信息，CPython 解析器会扫描命令行与环境。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:16 +msgid "" +"Other implementations' command line schemes may differ. See " +":ref:`implementations` for further resources." +msgstr "其他实现的命令行方案可能会有所不同。 详见 :ref:`implementations`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:23 +msgid "Command line" +msgstr "命令行" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:25 +msgid "When invoking Python, you may specify any of these options::" +msgstr "调用 Python 时，可以指定下列任意选项：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:27 +msgid "" +"python [-bBdEhiIOPqRsSuvVWx?] [-c command | -m module-name | script | - ] " +"[args]" +msgstr "" +"python [-bBdEhiIOPqRsSuvVWx?] [-c command | -m module-name | script | - ] " +"[args]" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The most common use case is, of course, a simple invocation of a script::" +msgstr "最常见的用例是启动时执行脚本：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:31 +msgid "python myscript.py" +msgstr "python myscript.py" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:37 +msgid "Interface options" +msgstr "接口选项" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:39 +msgid "" +"The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell, but provides " +"some additional methods of invocation:" +msgstr "解释器接口类似于 UNIX shell，但提供了额外的调用方法:" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:42 +msgid "" +"When called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for " +"commands and executes them until an EOF (an end-of-file character, you can " +"produce that with :kbd:`Ctrl-D` on UNIX or :kbd:`Ctrl-Z, Enter` on Windows) " +"is read. For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`." +msgstr "" +"当调用时附带连接到某个 tty 设备的标准输入时，它会提示输入命令并执行它们直至读到一个 EOF (文件结束字符，你可以在 UNIX 上按 " +":kbd:`Ctrl-D` 或在 Windows 上按 :kbd:`Ctrl-Z, Enter` 来产生此字符）。 有关交互模式的更多信息，请参阅 " +":ref:`tut-interac`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:46 +msgid "" +"When called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it " +"reads and executes a script from that file." +msgstr "用文件名参数或以标准输入文件调用时，读取，并执行该脚本文件。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:48 +msgid "" +"When called with a directory name argument, it reads and executes an " +"appropriately named script from that directory." +msgstr "用目录名参数调用时，从该目录读取、执行适当名称的脚本。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:50 +msgid "" +"When called with ``-c command``, it executes the Python statement(s) given " +"as *command*. Here *command* may contain multiple statements separated by " +"newlines. Leading whitespace is significant in Python statements!" +msgstr "" +"用 ``-c command`` 调用时，执行 *command* 表示的 Python 语句。*command* " +"可以包含用换行符分隔的多条语句。注意，前导空白字符在 Python 语句中非常重要！" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:53 +msgid "" +"When called with ``-m module-name``, the given module is located on the " +"Python module path and executed as a script." +msgstr "用 ``-m module-name`` 调用时，在 Python 模块路径中查找指定的模块，并将其作为脚本执行。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:56 +msgid "" +"In non-interactive mode, the entire input is parsed before it is executed." +msgstr "非交互模式下，先解析全部输入，再执行。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:58 +msgid "" +"An interface option terminates the list of options consumed by the " +"interpreter, all consecutive arguments will end up in :data:`sys.argv` -- " +"note that the first element, subscript zero (``sys.argv[0]``), is a string " +"reflecting the program's source." +msgstr "" +"接口选项会终结解释器读入的选项列表，所有后续参数都在 :data:`sys.argv` 里 -- " +"注意，首个元素，即下标为零的元素（``sys.argv[0]``）是表示程序来源的字符串。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:65 +msgid "" +"Execute the Python code in *command*. *command* can be one or more " +"statements separated by newlines, with significant leading whitespace as in " +"normal module code." +msgstr "" +"执行 *command* 中的 Python 代码。*command* " +"可以是一条语句，也可以是用换行符分隔的多条语句，其中，前导空白字符与普通模块代码中的作用一样。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:69 +msgid "" +"If this option is given, the first element of :data:`sys.argv` will be " +"``\"-c\"`` and the current directory will be added to the start of " +":data:`sys.path` (allowing modules in that directory to be imported as top " +"level modules)." +msgstr "" +"使用此选项时，:data:`sys.argv` 的首个元素为 ``\"-c\"``，并会把当前目录加入至 :data:`sys.path` " +"开头（让该目录中的模块作为顶层模块导入）。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:74 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``cpython.run_command`` with " +"argument ``command``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.run_command`` 并附带参数 ``command``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:78 +msgid "" +"Search :data:`sys.path` for the named module and execute its contents as the" +" :mod:`__main__` module." +msgstr "在 :data:`sys.path` 中搜索指定模块，并以 :mod:`__main__` 模块执行其内容。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Since the argument is a *module* name, you must not give a file extension " +"(``.py``). The module name should be a valid absolute Python module name, " +"but the implementation may not always enforce this (e.g. it may allow you to" +" use a name that includes a hyphen)." +msgstr "" +"该参数是 *模块名*，请勿输入文件扩展名（``.py``）。模块名应为有效的绝对 Python 模块名，但本实现对此不作强制要求（例如，允许使用含连字符" +" ``-`` 的名称）。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Package names (including namespace packages) are also permitted. When a " +"package name is supplied instead of a normal module, the interpreter will " +"execute ``.__main__`` as the main module. This behaviour is " +"deliberately similar to the handling of directories and zipfiles that are " +"passed to the interpreter as the script argument." +msgstr "" +"包名称（包括命名空间包）也允许使用。使用包名称而不是普通模块名时，解释器把 ``.__main__`` " +"作为主模块执行。此行为特意被设计为与作为脚本参数传递给解释器的目录和 zip 文件的处理方式类似。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:95 +msgid "" +"This option cannot be used with built-in modules and extension modules " +"written in C, since they do not have Python module files. However, it can " +"still be used for precompiled modules, even if the original source file is " +"not available." +msgstr "" +"此选项不适用于内置模块和以 C 编写的扩展模块，因为它们并没有对应的 Python 模块文件。 但是它仍然适用于预编译的模块，即使没有可用的初始源文件。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:100 +msgid "" +"If this option is given, the first element of :data:`sys.argv` will be the " +"full path to the module file (while the module file is being located, the " +"first element will be set to ``\"-m\"``). As with the :option:`-c` option, " +"the current directory will be added to the start of :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"如果给出此选项，:data:`sys.argv` 的首个元素将为模块文件的完整路径 (在定位模块文件期间，首个元素将设为 ``\"-m\"``)。 与 " +":option:`-c` 选项一样，当前目录将被加入 :data:`sys.path` 的开头。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:105 +msgid "" +":option:`-I` option can be used to run the script in isolated mode where " +":data:`sys.path` contains neither the current directory nor the user's site-" +"packages directory. All ``PYTHON*`` environment variables are ignored, too." +msgstr "" +":option:`-I` 选项可用来在隔离模式下运行脚本，此模式中 :data:`sys.path` 既不包含当前目录也不包含用户的 site-" +"packages 目录。 所有 ``PYTHON*`` 环境变量也都会被忽略。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:110 +msgid "" +"Many standard library modules contain code that is invoked on their " +"execution as a script. An example is the :mod:`timeit` module::" +msgstr "许多标准库模块都包含在执行时，以脚本方式调用的代码。例如 :mod:`timeit` 模块：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:113 +msgid "" +"python -m timeit -s \"setup here\" \"benchmarked code here\"\n" +"python -m timeit -h # for details" +msgstr "" +"python -m timeit -s \"setup here\" \"benchmarked code here\"\n" +"python -m timeit -h # 获取详情" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:116 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``cpython.run_module`` with " +"argument ``module-name``." +msgstr "" +"引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.run_module`` 并附带参数 ``module-name``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:119 +msgid ":func:`runpy.run_module`" +msgstr ":func:`runpy.run_module`" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:120 ../../using/cmdline.rst:172 +msgid "Equivalent functionality directly available to Python code" +msgstr "Python 代码可以直接使用的等效功能" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:122 +msgid ":pep:`338` -- Executing modules as scripts" +msgstr ":pep:`338` -- 将模块作为脚本执行" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:124 +msgid "Supply the package name to run a ``__main__`` submodule." +msgstr "提供包名称来运行 ``__main__`` 子模块。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:127 +msgid "namespace packages are also supported" +msgstr "同样支持命名空间包" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:134 +msgid "" +"Read commands from standard input (:data:`sys.stdin`). If standard input is" +" a terminal, :option:`-i` is implied." +msgstr "从标准输入 (:data:`sys.stdin`) 读取命令。标准输入为终端时，使用 :option:`-i`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:137 +msgid "" +"If this option is given, the first element of :data:`sys.argv` will be " +"``\"-\"`` and the current directory will be added to the start of " +":data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"使用此选项时，:data:`sys.argv` 的第一个元素是 ``\"-\"``， 同时，把当前目录加入 :data:`sys.path` 开头。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:141 ../../using/cmdline.rst:796 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``cpython.run_stdin`` with no " +"arguments." +msgstr "引发一个不带参数的 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.run_stdin``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:147 +msgid "" +"Execute the Python code contained in *script*, which must be a filesystem " +"path (absolute or relative) referring to either a Python file, a directory " +"containing a ``__main__.py`` file, or a zipfile containing a ``__main__.py``" +" file." +msgstr "" +"执行 *script* 中的 Python 代码，该参数应为（绝对或相对）文件系统路径，指向 Python 文件、包含 ``__main__.py`` " +"文件的目录，或包含 ``__main__.py`` 文件的 zip 文件。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:152 +msgid "" +"If this option is given, the first element of :data:`sys.argv` will be the " +"script name as given on the command line." +msgstr "给出此选项时，:data:`sys.argv` 的第一个元素就是在命令行中指定的脚本名称。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:155 +msgid "" +"If the script name refers directly to a Python file, the directory " +"containing that file is added to the start of :data:`sys.path`, and the file" +" is executed as the :mod:`__main__` module." +msgstr "" +"如果脚本名称直接指向 Python 文件，则把该文件所在目录加入 :data:`sys.path` 的开头，并且把该文件当作 " +":mod:`__main__` 模块来执行。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:159 +msgid "" +"If the script name refers to a directory or zipfile, the script name is " +"added to the start of :data:`sys.path` and the ``__main__.py`` file in that " +"location is executed as the :mod:`__main__` module." +msgstr "" +"如果脚本名称指向目录或 zip 文件，则把脚本名加入 :data:`sys.path` 的开头，并把该位置中的 ``__main__.py`` 文件当作" +" :mod:`__main__` 模块来执行。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:163 +msgid "" +":option:`-I` option can be used to run the script in isolated mode where " +":data:`sys.path` contains neither the script's directory nor the user's " +"site-packages directory. All ``PYTHON*`` environment variables are ignored, " +"too." +msgstr "" +":option:`-I` 选项可用来在隔离模式下运行脚本，此模式中 :data:`sys.path` 既不包含当前目录也不包含用户的 site-" +"packages 目录。 所有 ``PYTHON*`` 环境变量也都会被忽略。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``cpython.run_file`` with " +"argument ``filename``." +msgstr "引发一个 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.run_file`` 并附带参数 ``filename``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:171 +msgid ":func:`runpy.run_path`" +msgstr ":func:`runpy.run_path`" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:175 +msgid "" +"If no interface option is given, :option:`-i` is implied, ``sys.argv[0]`` is" +" an empty string (``\"\"``) and the current directory will be added to the " +"start of :data:`sys.path`. Also, tab-completion and history editing is " +"automatically enabled, if available on your platform (see :ref:`rlcompleter-" +"config`)." +msgstr "" +"未给出接口选项时，使用 :option:`-i`，``sys.argv[0]`` 为空字符串 (``\"\"``)，并把当前目录加至 " +":data:`sys.path` 的开头。 此外，如果系统支持，还能自动启用 tab 补全和历史编辑（参见 :ref:`rlcompleter-" +"config`）。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:181 +msgid ":ref:`tut-invoking`" +msgstr ":ref:`tut-invoking`" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:183 +msgid "Automatic enabling of tab-completion and history editing." +msgstr "自动启用 tab 补全和历史编辑。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:190 +msgid "Generic options" +msgstr "通用选项" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:196 +msgid "" +"Print a short description of all command line options and corresponding " +"environment variables and exit." +msgstr "打印所有命令行选项及对应环境变量的简短描述然后退出。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:201 +msgid "" +"Print a short description of Python-specific environment variables and exit." +msgstr "打印 Python 专属环境变量的简短描述然后退出。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Print a description of implementation-specific :option:`-X` options and " +"exit." +msgstr "打印实现专属 :option:`-X` 选项的简短描述然后退出。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:215 +msgid "Print complete usage information and exit." +msgstr "打印完整使用信息然后退出。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:222 +msgid "Print the Python version number and exit. Example output could be:" +msgstr "输出 Python 版本号并退出。示例如下：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:224 +msgid "Python 3.8.0b2+" +msgstr "Python 3.8.0b2+" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:228 +msgid "When given twice, print more information about the build, like:" +msgstr "输入两次 ``V`` 选项时，输出更多构建信息，例如：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:230 +msgid "" +"Python 3.8.0b2+ (3.8:0c076caaa8, Apr 20 2019, 21:55:00)\n" +"[GCC 6.2.0 20161005]" +msgstr "" +"Python 3.8.0b2+ (3.8:0c076caaa8, Apr 20 2019, 21:55:00)\n" +"[GCC 6.2.0 20161005]" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:235 +msgid "The ``-VV`` option." +msgstr "``-VV`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:242 +msgid "Miscellaneous options" +msgstr "其他选项" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:246 +msgid "" +"Issue a warning when converting :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray` to " +":class:`str` without specifying encoding or comparing :class:`!bytes` or " +":class:`!bytearray` with :class:`!str` or :class:`!bytes` with :class:`int`." +" Issue an error when the option is given twice (:option:`!-bb`)." +msgstr "" +"在将 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` 转换为 :class:`str` 时未指定编码格式或在将 " +":class:`!bytes` 或 :class:`!bytearray` 与 :class:`!str` 或者在将 :class:`!bytes` 与" +" :class:`int` 进行比较时将发出警告。 当选项被给出两次 (:option:`!-bb`) 时则会报错。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:251 +msgid "Affects also comparisons of :class:`bytes` with :class:`int`." +msgstr "也会影响 :class:`bytes` 与 :class:`int` 的比较。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:256 +msgid "" +"If given, Python won't try to write ``.pyc`` files on the import of source " +"modules. See also :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE`." +msgstr "" +"给出此选项时，Python 不在导入源模块时写入 ``.pyc`` 文件。另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Control the validation behavior of hash-based ``.pyc`` files. See :ref:`pyc-" +"invalidation`. When set to ``default``, checked and unchecked hash-based " +"bytecode cache files are validated according to their default semantics. " +"When set to ``always``, all hash-based ``.pyc`` files, whether checked or " +"unchecked, are validated against their corresponding source file. When set " +"to ``never``, hash-based ``.pyc`` files are not validated against their " +"corresponding source files." +msgstr "" +"控制基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` 文件的验证行为。 参见 :ref:`pyc-invalidation`。 当设为 ``default`` " +"时，已选定和未选定的基于哈希值的字节码缓存文件将根据其默认语义进行验证。 当设为 ``always`` 时，所有基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` " +"文件，不论是已选定还是未选定的都将根据其对应的源文件进行验证。 当设为 ``never`` 时，基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` " +"文件将不会根据其对应的源文件进行验证。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:270 +msgid "" +"The semantics of timestamp-based ``.pyc`` files are unaffected by this " +"option." +msgstr "基于时间戳的 ``.pyc`` 文件的语义不会受此选项影响。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Turn on parser debugging output (for expert only). See also the " +":envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` environment variable." +msgstr "启用解析器调试输出（仅供专家查看）。 另请参见 :envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:279 +msgid "" +"This option requires a :ref:`debug build of Python `, otherwise" +" it's ignored." +msgstr "此选项需要 :ref:`Python 的调试构建版 `，否则它将被忽略。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:285 +msgid "" +"Ignore all ``PYTHON*`` environment variables, e.g. :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` and " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME`, that might be set." +msgstr "" +"忽略所有 ``PYTHON*`` 环境变量，例如可能已设置的 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 和 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:288 +msgid "See also the :option:`-P` and :option:`-I` (isolated) options." +msgstr "另请参阅 :option:`-P` 和 :option:`-I` (隔离) 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:293 +msgid "Enter interactive mode after execution." +msgstr "在执行之后进入交互模式。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Using the :option:`-i` option will enter interactive mode in any of the " +"following circumstances\\:" +msgstr "使用 :option:`-i` 选项将在下列任一情况下进入交互模式：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:297 +msgid "When a script is passed as first argument" +msgstr "当将脚本作为第一个参数传入" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:298 +msgid "When the :option:`-c` option is used" +msgstr "当使用了 :option:`-c` 选项" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:299 +msgid "When the :option:`-m` option is used" +msgstr "当使用了 :option:`-m` 选项" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:301 +msgid "" +"Interactive mode will start even when :data:`sys.stdin` does not appear to " +"be a terminal. The :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file is not read." +msgstr "" +"交互模式即使在 :data:`sys.stdin` 并非一个终端时也会启动。 :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` 文件不会被读取。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:304 +msgid "" +"This can be useful to inspect global variables or a stack trace when a " +"script raises an exception. See also :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT`." +msgstr "本选项用于，脚本触发异常时，检查全局变量或堆栈回溯。 详见 :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Run Python in isolated mode. This also implies :option:`-E`, :option:`-P` " +"and :option:`-s` options." +msgstr "以隔离模式运行 Python。 这还将应用 :option:`-E`, :option:`-P` 和 :option:`-s` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:313 +msgid "" +"In isolated mode :data:`sys.path` contains neither the script's directory " +"nor the user's site-packages directory. All ``PYTHON*`` environment " +"variables are ignored, too. Further restrictions may be imposed to prevent " +"the user from injecting malicious code." +msgstr "" +"在隔离模式下 :data:`sys.path` 既不包含脚本所在目录也不包含用户的 site-packages 目录。 所有 ``PYTHON*`` " +"环境变量也都会被忽略。 还可以施加更进一步的限制以防止用户注入恶意代码。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:323 +msgid "" +"Remove assert statements and any code conditional on the value of " +":const:`__debug__`. Augment the filename for compiled (:term:`bytecode`) " +"files by adding ``.opt-1`` before the ``.pyc`` extension (see :pep:`488`). " +"See also :envvar:`PYTHONOPTIMIZE`." +msgstr "" +"移除 assert 语句以及任何以 :const:`__debug__` 的值作为条件的代码。 通过在 ``.pyc`` 扩展名之前添加 " +"``.opt-1`` 来扩充已编译文件 (:term:`bytecode`) 的文件名 (参见 :pep:`488`)。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHONOPTIMIZE`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:328 ../../using/cmdline.rst:338 +msgid "Modify ``.pyc`` filenames according to :pep:`488`." +msgstr "依据 :pep:`488` 修改 ``.pyc`` 文件名。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:334 +msgid "" +"Do :option:`-O` and also discard docstrings. Augment the filename for " +"compiled (:term:`bytecode`) files by adding ``.opt-2`` before the ``.pyc`` " +"extension (see :pep:`488`)." +msgstr "" +"在启用 :option:`-O` 的同时丢弃文档字符串。 通过在 ``.pyc`` 扩展名之前添加 ``.opt-2`` 来扩展已编译文件 " +"(:term:`bytecode`) 的文件名 (参见 :pep:`488`)。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:344 +msgid "Don't prepend a potentially unsafe path to :data:`sys.path`:" +msgstr "不要将具有潜在不安全性的路径附加到 :data:`sys.path`:" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:346 +msgid "" +"``python -m module`` command line: Don't prepend the current working " +"directory." +msgstr "``python -m module`` 命令行: 不要附加当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:348 +msgid "" +"``python script.py`` command line: Don't prepend the script's directory. If " +"it's a symbolic link, resolve symbolic links." +msgstr "``python script.py`` 命令行: 不要附加脚本所在目录。 如果是一个符号链接，则会解析符号链接。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:350 +msgid "" +"``python -c code`` and ``python`` (REPL) command lines: Don't prepend an " +"empty string, which means the current working directory." +msgstr "``python -c code`` 和 ``python`` (REPL) 命令行: 不要附加空字符串，这表示当前工作目录。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:353 +msgid "" +"See also the :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` environment variable, and :option:`-E`" +" and :option:`-I` (isolated) options." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` 环境变量，以及 :option:`-E` 和 :option:`-I` (隔离) 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:361 +msgid "" +"Don't display the copyright and version messages even in interactive mode." +msgstr "即使在交互模式下也不显示版权和版本信息。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:368 +msgid "" +"Turn on hash randomization. This option only has an effect if the " +":envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` environment variable is set to ``0``, since hash " +"randomization is enabled by default." +msgstr "" +"开启哈希随机化。 此选项权 :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` 环境变量设置为 ``0`` 时起作用，因为哈希随机化是默认启用的。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:372 +msgid "" +"On previous versions of Python, this option turns on hash randomization, so " +"that the :meth:`~object.__hash__` values of str and bytes objects are " +"\"salted\" with an unpredictable random value. Although they remain " +"constant within an individual Python process, they are not predictable " +"between repeated invocations of Python." +msgstr "" +"在之前版本的 Python 中，此选项会启用哈希随机化，以将字符串和字节串对象的 :meth:`~object.__hash__` " +"值用不可预测的随机值“加盐”。 虽然它们在单个 Python 进程内将保持恒定，但是在重复唤起的 Python 进程间它们将是不可预测的。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:378 +msgid "" +"Hash randomization is intended to provide protection against a denial-of-" +"service caused by carefully chosen inputs that exploit the worst case " +"performance of a dict construction, *O*\\ (*n*\\ :sup:`2`) complexity. See " +"http://ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html for details." +msgstr "" +"哈希随机化旨在针对由精心选择的输入引起的拒绝服务攻击提供防护，这种输入利用了构造 dict 在最坏情况下的性能即 *O*\\ (*n*\\ " +":sup:`2`) 复杂度。 请参阅 http://ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html 了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:383 +msgid "" +":envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` allows you to set a fixed value for the hash seed " +"secret." +msgstr ":envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` 允许你为哈希种子密码设置一个固定值。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:388 +msgid "The option is no longer ignored." +msgstr "此选项不会再被忽略。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:394 +msgid "" +"Don't add the :data:`user site-packages directory ` to " +":data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"不要将 :data:`用户 site-packages 目录 ` 添加到 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:397 +msgid "See also :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:401 ../../using/cmdline.rst:893 +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:905 +msgid ":pep:`370` -- Per user site-packages directory" +msgstr ":pep:`370` -- 分用户的 site-packages 目录" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Disable the import of the module :mod:`site` and the site-dependent " +"manipulations of :data:`sys.path` that it entails. Also disable these " +"manipulations if :mod:`site` is explicitly imported later (call " +":func:`site.main` if you want them to be triggered)." +msgstr "" +"禁用 :mod:`site` 的导入及其所附带的基于站点对 :data:`sys.path` 的操作。 如果 :mod:`site` " +"会在稍后被显式地导入也会禁用这些操作 (如果你希望触发它们则应调用 :func:`site.main`)。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:414 +msgid "" +"Force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered. This option has no " +"effect on the stdin stream." +msgstr "强制 stdout 和 stderr 流不使用缓冲。 此选项对 stdin 流无影响。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:417 +msgid "See also :envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:419 +msgid "The text layer of the stdout and stderr streams now is unbuffered." +msgstr "stdout 和 stderr 流在文本层现在不使用缓冲。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:425 +msgid "" +"Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place " +"(filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. When given twice " +"(:option:`!-vv`), print a message for each file that is checked for when " +"searching for a module. Also provides information on module cleanup at " +"exit." +msgstr "" +"每次在初始化模块时会打印一条信息，显示被加载的地方（文件名或内置模块名）。当给出两个v（ :option:`!-vv` " +"）时，搜索模块时会为每个文件打印一条信息。退出时模块清理的信息也会给出来。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:430 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`site` module reports the site-specific paths and :file:`.pth` " +"files being processed." +msgstr "由 :mod:`site` 模块可以得到将要处理的站点路径和 :file:`.pth` 文件。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:434 +msgid "See also :envvar:`PYTHONVERBOSE`." +msgstr "参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONVERBOSE` 。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:440 +msgid "" +"Warning control. Python's warning machinery by default prints warning " +"messages to :data:`sys.stderr`." +msgstr "警告信息的控制。Python 的警告机制默认将警告信息打印到 :data:`sys.stderr`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:443 ../../using/cmdline.rst:921 +msgid "" +"The simplest settings apply a particular action unconditionally to all " +"warnings emitted by a process (even those that are otherwise ignored by " +"default)::" +msgstr "最简单的设置是将某个特定操作无条件地应用于进程所发出所有警告 (即使是在默认情况下会忽略的那些警告)::" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:447 +msgid "" +"-Wdefault # Warn once per call location\n" +"-Werror # Convert to exceptions\n" +"-Walways # Warn every time\n" +"-Wall # Same as -Walways\n" +"-Wmodule # Warn once per calling module\n" +"-Wonce # Warn once per Python process\n" +"-Wignore # Never warn" +msgstr "" +"-Wdefault # 每个调用位置警告一次\n" +"-Werror # 转换为异常\n" +"-Walways # 每次都警告\n" +"-Wall # 与 -Walways 相同\n" +"-Wmodule # 每个调用模块警告一次\n" +"-Wonce # 每个 Python 进程警告一次\n" +"-Wignore # 从不警告" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:455 +msgid "" +"The action names can be abbreviated as desired and the interpreter will " +"resolve them to the appropriate action name. For example, ``-Wi`` is the " +"same as ``-Wignore``." +msgstr "action 名可以根据需要进行缩写，解释器将会解析为合适的名称。例如，``-Wi`` 与 ``-Wignore`` 相同。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:459 +msgid "The full form of argument is::" +msgstr "完整的参数如下：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:461 +msgid "action:message:category:module:lineno" +msgstr "action:message:category:module:lineno" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Empty fields match all values; trailing empty fields may be omitted. For " +"example ``-W ignore::DeprecationWarning`` ignores all DeprecationWarning " +"warnings." +msgstr "" +"空字段匹配所有值；尾部的空字段可以省略。例如，``-W ignore::DeprecationWarning`` 将忽略所有的 " +"DeprecationWarning 警告。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:467 +msgid "" +"The *action* field is as explained above but only applies to warnings that " +"match the remaining fields." +msgstr "*action* 字段如上所述，但只适用于匹配其余字段的警告。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:470 +msgid "" +"The *message* field must match the whole warning message; this match is " +"case-insensitive." +msgstr "*message* 字段必须与整个警告信息相匹配；不区分大小写。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:473 +msgid "" +"The *category* field matches the warning category (ex: " +"``DeprecationWarning``). This must be a class name; the match test whether " +"the actual warning category of the message is a subclass of the specified " +"warning category." +msgstr "" +"*category* 字段与警告类别相匹配（``DeprecationWarning`` " +"等）。必须是个类名；检测消息的实际警告类别是否为指定类别的子类。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:478 +msgid "" +"The *module* field matches the (fully qualified) module name; this match is " +"case-sensitive." +msgstr "*module* 字段匹配的是（完整限定）模块名称；这种匹配是大小写敏感的。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:481 +msgid "" +"The *lineno* field matches the line number, where zero matches all line " +"numbers and is thus equivalent to an omitted line number." +msgstr "*lineno* 字段匹配行号，其中 0 匹配所有行号，相当于省略了行号。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:484 +msgid "" +"Multiple :option:`-W` options can be given; when a warning matches more than" +" one option, the action for the last matching option is performed. Invalid " +":option:`-W` options are ignored (though, a warning message is printed about" +" invalid options when the first warning is issued)." +msgstr "" +"可以给出多个 :option:`-W` 选项；当某条警告信息匹配上多个选项时，将执行最后一个匹配项的操作。非法 :option:`-W` " +"选项将被忽略（不过，在触发第一条警告时，会打印出一条无效选项的警告信息）。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:489 +msgid "" +"Warnings can also be controlled using the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` " +"environment variable and from within a Python program using the " +":mod:`warnings` module. For example, the :func:`warnings.filterwarnings` " +"function can be used to use a regular expression on the warning message." +msgstr "" +"警告信息还可以用 :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` 环境变量来控制，也可以在 Python 程序中用 :mod:`warnings` " +"模块进行控制。例如， :func:`warnings.filterwarnings` 函数可对警告信息使用正则表达式。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:494 ../../using/cmdline.rst:933 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`warning-filter` and :ref:`describing-warning-filters` for more " +"details." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`warning-filter` 和 :ref:`describing-warning-filters` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:500 +msgid "" +"Skip the first line of the source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of " +"``#!cmd``. This is intended for a DOS specific hack only." +msgstr "跳过源中第一行，以允许使用非 Unix 形式的 ``#!cmd``。 这适用于 DOS 专属的破解操作。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:506 +msgid "" +"Reserved for various implementation-specific options. CPython currently " +"defines the following possible values:" +msgstr "保留用于各种具体实现专属的选项。 CPython 目前定义了下列可用的值：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:509 +msgid "" +"``-X faulthandler`` to enable :mod:`faulthandler`. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER`." +msgstr "" +"``-X faulthandler`` 将启用 :mod:`faulthandler`。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:514 +msgid "" +"``-X showrefcount`` to output the total reference count and number of used " +"memory blocks when the program finishes or after each statement in the " +"interactive interpreter. This only works on :ref:`debug builds `." +msgstr "" +"``-X showrefcount`` 可在程序结束时或在交互式解释器每条语句后，输出总的引用计数和使用的内存块数。这只适用于 :ref:`调试版本 " +"`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:521 +msgid "" +"``-X tracemalloc`` to start tracing Python memory allocations using the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module. By default, only the most recent frame is stored " +"in a traceback of a trace. Use ``-X tracemalloc=NFRAME`` to start tracing " +"with a traceback limit of *NFRAME* frames. See :func:`tracemalloc.start` and" +" :envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` for more information." +msgstr "" +"``-X tracemalloc`` 使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块启动对 Python 内存分配的跟踪。 " +"在默认情况下，只有最近的帧会保存在跟踪的回溯信息中。 使用 ``-X tracemalloc=NFRAME`` 来启动限定回溯 *NFRAME* " +"帧的跟踪。 请参阅 :func:`tracemalloc.start` 和 :envvar:`PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:530 +msgid "" +"``-X int_max_str_digits`` configures the :ref:`integer string conversion " +"length limitation `. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS`." +msgstr "" +"``-X int_max_str_digits`` 将配置 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 `。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:536 +msgid "" +"``-X importtime`` to show how long each import takes. It shows module name, " +"cumulative time (including nested imports) and self time (excluding nested " +"imports). Note that its output may be broken in multi-threaded application." +" Typical usage is ``python3 -X importtime -c 'import asyncio'``. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME`." +msgstr "" +"``-X importtime`` 显示每次导入耗费的时间。 它会显示模块名称，累计时间（包括嵌套的导入）和自身时间（排除嵌套的导入）。 " +"请注意它的输出在多线程应用程序中可能会出错。 典型用法如 ``python3 -X importtime -c 'import asyncio'``。 " +"另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:544 +msgid "" +"``-X dev``: enable :ref:`Python Development Mode `, introducing " +"additional runtime checks that are too expensive to be enabled by default. " +"See also :envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE`." +msgstr "" +"``-X dev``: 启用 :ref:`Python 开发模式 `，引入在默认情况下启用会导致过大开销的运行时检查。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:550 +msgid "" +"``-X utf8`` enables the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `. ``-X utf8=0`` " +"explicitly disables :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode ` (even when it would" +" otherwise activate automatically). See also :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8`." +msgstr "" +"``-X utf8`` 启用 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 `。 ``-X utf8=0`` 将显式地禁用 " +":ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` (即使在该模式应该会自动激活时也是如此)。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHONUTF8`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:557 +msgid "" +"``-X pycache_prefix=PATH`` enables writing ``.pyc`` files to a parallel tree" +" rooted at the given directory instead of to the code tree. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX`." +msgstr "" +"``-X pycache_prefix=PATH`` 允许将 ``.pyc`` 文件写入以给定目录为根的并行树，而不是代码树。另见 " +":envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` 。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:563 +msgid "" +"``-X warn_default_encoding`` issues a :class:`EncodingWarning` when the " +"locale-specific default encoding is used for opening files. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING`." +msgstr "" +" 当采用某地区默认编码打开文件时，``-X warn_default_encoding`` 将引发一条 " +":class:`EncodingWarning`。参见 :envvar:`PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:569 +msgid "" +"``-X no_debug_ranges`` disables the inclusion of the tables mapping extra " +"location information (end line, start column offset and end column offset) " +"to every instruction in code objects. This is useful when smaller code " +"objects and pyc files are desired as well as suppressing the extra visual " +"location indicators when the interpreter displays tracebacks. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES`." +msgstr "" +"``-X no_debug_ranges`` 会禁用在代码对象中包括将额外位置信息（结束行、开始列偏移量和结束列偏移量）映射到每条指令的映射表。 " +"这在需要较小的代码对象和 pyc 文件时很有用处并可在解释器显示回溯时屏蔽额外的视觉位置提示。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:578 +msgid "" +"``-X frozen_modules`` determines whether or not frozen modules are ignored " +"by the import machinery. A value of ``on`` means they get imported and " +"``off`` means they are ignored. The default is ``on`` if this is an " +"installed Python (the normal case). If it's under development (running from" +" the source tree) then the default is ``off``. Note that the " +":mod:`!importlib_bootstrap` and :mod:`!importlib_bootstrap_external` frozen " +"modules are always used, even if this flag is set to ``off``. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES`." +msgstr "" +"``-X frozen_modules`` 确定已冻结模块是否要被导入机制所忽略。值为 ``on`` 表示它们将被导入而 ``off`` " +"表示它们将被忽略。 如果是安装版 Python（正常情况）则默认为 ``on``。 如果是在开发中（基于源代码树运行）则默认为 ``off``。 请注意" +" :mod:`!importlib_bootstrap` 和 :mod:`!importlib_bootstrap_external` " +"冻结模块总是会被使用，即使该旗标被设为 ``off``。 另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:589 +msgid "" +"``-X perf`` enables support for the Linux ``perf`` profiler. When this " +"option is provided, the ``perf`` profiler will be able to report Python " +"calls. This option is only available on some platforms and will do nothing " +"if is not supported on the current system. The default value is \"off\". See" +" also :envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` and :ref:`perf_profiling`." +msgstr "" +"``-X perf`` 会启用对 Linux ``perf`` 性能分析器的支持。 当提供了此选项时，``perf`` 性能分析器将能够报告 " +"Python 调用。 此选项仅在某些平台上可用而在当前系统不支持的情况下将不做任何事。 默认值为 \"off\"。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` 和 :ref:`perf_profiling`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:597 +msgid "" +"``-X perf_jit`` enables support for the Linux ``perf`` profiler with DWARF " +"support. When this option is provided, the ``perf`` profiler will be able to" +" report Python calls using DWARF information. This option is only available " +"on some platforms and will do nothing if is not supported on the current " +"system. The default value is \"off\". See also " +":envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` and :ref:`perf_profiling`." +msgstr "" +"``-X perf_jit`` 将启用对对 Linux ``perf`` 性能分析器的支持并附带 DWARF 支持。 当提供了此选项时，``perf``" +" 性能分析器将能够使用 DWARF 信息来报告 Python 调用。 此选项仅在某些平台上可用而在当前系统不支持的情况下将不做任何事。 默认值为 " +"\"off\"。 另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` 和 :ref:`perf_profiling`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:606 +msgid "" +":samp:`-X cpu_count={n}` overrides :func:`os.cpu_count`, " +":func:`os.process_cpu_count`, and :func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count`. *n* " +"must be greater than or equal to 1. This option may be useful for users who " +"need to limit CPU resources of a container system. See also " +":envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT`. If *n* is ``default``, nothing is overridden." +msgstr "" +":samp:`-X cpu_count={n}` 将覆盖 :func:`os.cpu_count`, " +":func:`os.process_cpu_count` 和 :func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count`。 *n* 必须大于等于" +" 1。 此选项对于需要限制某个容器系统的 CPU 资源的用户来说会很有用处。 另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT`。 如果 " +"*n* 为 ``default``，则不会覆盖任何值。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:615 +msgid "" +":samp:`-X presite={package.module}` specifies a module that should be " +"imported before the :mod:`site` module is executed and before the " +":mod:`__main__` module exists. Therefore, the imported module isn't " +":mod:`__main__`. This can be used to execute code early during Python " +"initialization. Python needs to be :ref:`built in debug mode ` " +"for this option to exist. See also :envvar:`PYTHON_PRESITE`." +msgstr "" +":samp:`-X presite={package.module}` 指明一个模块应当 :mod:`site` 模块执行之前以及 " +":mod:`__main__` 模块存在之前被导入。 因此，这个被导入的模块不是 :mod:`__main__`。 此选项适用于要早在 Python " +"初始化期间就执行的代码。 Python 需要 :ref:`以调试模式构建 ` 此选项才能存在。 另请参阅 " +":envvar:`PYTHON_PRESITE`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:624 +msgid "" +":samp:`-X gil={0,1}` forces the GIL to be disabled or enabled, respectively." +" Setting to ``0`` is only available in builds configured with " +":option:`--disable-gil`. See also :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` and " +":ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython`." +msgstr "" +":samp:`-X gil={0,1}` 强制分别禁用或启用 GIL。 设为 ``0`` 仅在配置了 :option:`--disable-gil` " +"的构建版上可用。 另请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` 和 :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-" +"cpython`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:631 +msgid "" +"It also allows passing arbitrary values and retrieving them through the " +":data:`sys._xoptions` dictionary." +msgstr "它还允许传入任意值并通过 :data:`sys._xoptions` 字典来提取这些值。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:636 +msgid "Removed the ``-X showalloccount`` option." +msgstr "移除了 ``-X showalloccount`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:639 +msgid "Removed the ``-X oldparser`` option." +msgstr "移除了 ``-X oldparser`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:645 +msgid "Controlling color" +msgstr "控制颜色" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:647 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter is configured by default to use colors to highlight " +"output in certain situations such as when displaying tracebacks. This " +"behavior can be controlled by setting different environment variables." +msgstr "Python 解释器默认被配置为在特定场景例如当显示回溯信息时使用颜色高亮输出。 此行为可通过设置不同的环境变量来控制。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:651 +msgid "" +"Setting the environment variable ``TERM`` to ``dumb`` will disable color." +msgstr "将环境变量 ``TERM`` 设为 ``dumb`` 将禁用颜色。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:653 +msgid "" +"If the |FORCE_COLOR|_ environment variable is set, then color will be " +"enabled regardless of the value of TERM. This is useful on CI systems which " +"aren’t terminals but can still display ANSI escape sequences." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 |FORCE_COLOR|_ 环境变量，则无论 TERM 的值为何都将启用彩色。 这适用于不属于终端但仍然会显示 ANSI 转义序列的的 " +"CI 系统。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:657 +msgid "" +"If the |NO_COLOR|_ environment variable is set, Python will disable all " +"color in the output. This takes precedence over ``FORCE_COLOR``." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了 |NO_COLOR|_ 环境变量，则 Python 将在输出中禁用所有彩色。 此变量的优先级高于 ``FORCE_COLOR``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:660 +msgid "" +"All these environment variables are used also by other tools to control " +"color output. To control the color output only in the Python interpreter, " +"the :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` environment variable can be used. This variable " +"takes precedence over ``NO_COLOR``, which in turn takes precedence over " +"``FORCE_COLOR``." +msgstr "" +"所有这些环境变量也被其他工具用来控制颜色输出。 要仅在 Python 解释器中控制颜色输出，可以使用 :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` " +"环境变量。 此变量的优先级高于 ``NO_COLOR``，后者的优先级又高于 ``FORCE_COLOR``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:675 +msgid "Options you shouldn't use" +msgstr "不应当使用的选项" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:679 +msgid "Reserved for use by Jython_." +msgstr "保留给 Jython_ 使用。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:687 +msgid "Environment variables" +msgstr "环境变量" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:689 +msgid "" +"These environment variables influence Python's behavior, they are processed " +"before the command-line switches other than -E or -I. It is customary that " +"command-line switches override environmental variables where there is a " +"conflict." +msgstr "" +"这些环境变量会影响 Python 的行为，它们是在命令行开关之前被处理的，但 -E 或 -I 除外。 " +"根据约定，当存在冲突时命令行开关会覆盖环境变量的设置。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:696 +msgid "" +"Change the location of the standard Python libraries. By default, the " +"libraries are searched in :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}` and " +":file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}`, where :file:`{prefix}` and " +":file:`{exec_prefix}` are installation-dependent directories, both " +"defaulting to :file:`/usr/local`." +msgstr "" +"更改标准 Python 库的位置。 默认情况下库是在 :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}` 和 " +":file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}` 中搜索，其中 :file:`{prefix}` 和 " +":file:`{exec_prefix}` 是由安装位置确定的目录，默认都位于 :file:`/usr/local`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:702 +msgid "" +"When :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is set to a single directory, its value replaces " +"both :file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec_prefix}`. To specify different " +"values for these, set :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` to " +":file:`{prefix}:{exec_prefix}`." +msgstr "" +"当 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 被设为单个目录时，它的值会同时替代 :file:`{prefix}` 和 " +":file:`{exec_prefix}`。 要为两者指定不同的值，请将 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 设为 " +":file:`{prefix}:{exec_prefix}`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:709 +msgid "" +"Augment the default search path for module files. The format is the same as" +" the shell's :envvar:`PATH`: one or more directory pathnames separated by " +":data:`os.pathsep` (e.g. colons on Unix or semicolons on Windows). Non-" +"existent directories are silently ignored." +msgstr "" +"增加模块文件默认搜索路径。 所用格式与终端的 :envvar:`PATH` 相同：一个或多个由 :data:`os.pathsep` " +"分隔的目录路径名称（例如 Unix 上用冒号而在 Windows 上用分号）。 默认忽略不存在的目录。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:714 +msgid "" +"In addition to normal directories, individual :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` entries " +"may refer to zipfiles containing pure Python modules (in either source or " +"compiled form). Extension modules cannot be imported from zipfiles." +msgstr "" +"除了普通目录之外，单个 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` " +"条目可以引用包含纯Python模块的zip文件（源代码或编译形式）。无法从zip文件导入扩展模块。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:718 +msgid "" +"The default search path is installation dependent, but generally begins with" +" :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}` (see :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` above). It " +"is *always* appended to :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`." +msgstr "" +"默认索引路径依赖于安装路径，但通常都是以 :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}` 开始 (参见上文中的 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME`)。 它 *总是* 会被添加到 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:722 +msgid "" +"An additional directory will be inserted in the search path in front of " +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` as described above under :ref:`using-on-interface-" +"options`. The search path can be manipulated from within a Python program as" +" the variable :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"有一个附加目录将被插入到索引路径的 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 之前，正如上文中 :ref:`using-on-interface-" +"options` 所描述的。 搜索路径可以在 Python 程序内作为变量 :data:`sys.path` 来进行操作。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:730 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string, don't prepend a potentially unsafe " +"path to :data:`sys.path`: see the :option:`-P` option for details." +msgstr "" +"如果这被设为一个非空字符串，请不要将具有潜在不安全性的路径附加到 :data:`sys.path`: 参见 :option:`-P` 选项了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:738 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string, it overrides the " +":data:`sys.platlibdir` value." +msgstr "如果它被设为非空字符串，则会覆盖 :data:`sys.platlibdir` 值。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:746 +msgid "" +"If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that file are" +" executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive mode. The " +"file is executed in the same namespace where interactive commands are " +"executed so that objects defined or imported in it can be used without " +"qualification in the interactive session. You can also change the prompts " +":data:`sys.ps1` and :data:`sys.ps2` and the hook " +":data:`sys.__interactivehook__` in this file." +msgstr "" +"这如果是一个可读文件的名称，该文件中的 Python 命令会在交互模式的首个提示符显示之前被执行。 " +"该文件会在与交互式命令执行所在的同一命名空间中被执行，因此其中所定义或导入的对象可以在交互式会话中无限制地使用。 你还可以在这个文件中修改提示符 " +":data:`sys.ps1` 和 :data:`sys.ps2` 以及钩子 :data:`sys.__interactivehook__`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:753 ../../using/cmdline.rst:755 +msgid "" +"Raises an :ref:`auditing event ` ``cpython.run_startup`` with the " +"filename as the argument when called on startup." +msgstr "在启动时调用文件名作为参数会引发 :ref:`审计事件 ` ``cpython.run_startup`` 。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:761 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the " +":option:`-O` option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying " +":option:`-O` multiple times." +msgstr "" +"这如果被设为一个非空字符串，它就相当于指定 :option:`-O` 选项。 如果设为一个整数，则它就相当于多次指定 :option:`-O`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:768 +msgid "" +"If this is set, it names a callable using dotted-path notation. The module " +"containing the callable will be imported and then the callable will be run " +"by the default implementation of :func:`sys.breakpointhook` which itself is " +"called by built-in :func:`breakpoint`. If not set, or set to the empty " +"string, it is equivalent to the value \"pdb.set_trace\". Setting this to " +"the string \"0\" causes the default implementation of " +":func:`sys.breakpointhook` to do nothing but return immediately." +msgstr "" +"此变量如果被设定，它会使用加点号的路径标记一个可调用对象。 包含该可调用对象的模块将被导入，随后该可调用对象将由 " +":func:`sys.breakpointhook` 的默认实现来运行，后者自身将由内置的 :func:`breakpoint` 来调用。 " +"如果未设定，或设定为空字符串，则它相当于值 \"pdb.set_trace\"。 将此变量设为字符串 \"0\" 会导致 " +":func:`sys.breakpointhook` 的默认实现不做任何事而直接返回。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:780 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the " +":option:`-d` option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying " +":option:`-d` multiple times." +msgstr "" +"此变量如果被设为一个非空字符串，它就相当于指定 :option:`-d` 选项。 如果设为一个整数，则它就相当于多次指定 :option:`-d`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:784 +msgid "" +"This environment variable requires a :ref:`debug build of Python `, otherwise it's ignored." +msgstr "此环境变量需要 :ref:`Python 的调试构建版 `，否则它将被忽略。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:790 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the " +":option:`-i` option." +msgstr "此变量如果被设为一个非空字符串，它就相当于指定 :option:`-i` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:793 +msgid "" +"This variable can also be modified by Python code using :data:`os.environ` " +"to force inspect mode on program termination." +msgstr "此变量也可由 Python 代码使用 :data:`os.environ` 来修改以在程序终结时强制检查模式。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:798 +msgid "(also 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20, and 3.8.20) Emits audit events." +msgstr "（还有 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20 和 3.8.20） 发出审计事件。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:801 +msgid "" +"Uses PyREPL if possible, in which case :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` is also " +"executed. Emits audit events." +msgstr "如果无法做到则使用 PyREPL，在此情况下 :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` 也会被执行。 将发出审计事件。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:808 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the " +":option:`-u` option." +msgstr "此变量如果被设为一个非空字符串，它就相当于指定 :option:`-u` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:814 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the " +":option:`-v` option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying " +":option:`-v` multiple times." +msgstr "" +"此变量如果被设为一个非空字符串，它就相当于指定 :option:`-v` 选项。 如果设为一个整数，则它就相当于多次指定 :option:`-v`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:821 +msgid "" +"If this is set, Python ignores case in :keyword:`import` statements. This " +"only works on Windows and macOS." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了此变量，Python 将忽略 :keyword:`import` 语句中的大小写。 这仅在 Windows 和 macOS 上有效。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:827 +msgid "" +"If this is set to a non-empty string, Python won't try to write ``.pyc`` " +"files on the import of source modules. This is equivalent to specifying the" +" :option:`-B` option." +msgstr "" +"此变量如果被设为一个非空字符串，Python 将不会尝试在导入源模块时写入 ``.pyc`` 文件。 这相当于指定 :option:`-B` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:834 +msgid "" +"If this is set, Python will write ``.pyc`` files in a mirror directory tree " +"at this path, instead of in ``__pycache__`` directories within the source " +"tree. This is equivalent to specifying the :option:`-X` " +"``pycache_prefix=PATH`` option." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了此选项，Python将在镜像目录树中的此路径中写入 ``.pyc`` 文件，而不是源树中的 ``__pycache__`` " +"目录中。这相当于指定 :option:`-X` ``pycache_prefix=PATH`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:844 +msgid "" +"If this variable is not set or set to ``random``, a random value is used to " +"seed the hashes of str and bytes objects." +msgstr "如果此变量未设置或设为 ``random``，将使用一个随机值作为 str 和 bytes 对象哈希运算的种子。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:847 +msgid "" +"If :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` is set to an integer value, it is used as a " +"fixed seed for generating the hash() of the types covered by the hash " +"randomization." +msgstr "" +"如果 :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` 被设为一个整数值，它将被作为固定的种子数用来生成哈希随机化所涵盖的类型的 hash() 结果。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:851 +msgid "" +"Its purpose is to allow repeatable hashing, such as for selftests for the " +"interpreter itself, or to allow a cluster of python processes to share hash " +"values." +msgstr "它的目的是允许可复现的哈希运算，例如用于解释器本身的自我检测，或允许一组 python 进程共享哈希值。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:855 +msgid "" +"The integer must be a decimal number in the range [0,4294967295]. " +"Specifying the value 0 will disable hash randomization." +msgstr "该整数必须为一个 [0,4294967295] 范围内的十进制数。 指定数值 0 将禁用哈希随机化。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:862 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to an integer, it is used to configure the " +"interpreter's global :ref:`integer string conversion length limitation " +"`." +msgstr "如果将此变量设为一个整数，它会被用来配置解释器的全局 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 `。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:870 +msgid "" +"If this is set before running the interpreter, it overrides the encoding " +"used for stdin/stdout/stderr, in the syntax ``encodingname:errorhandler``. " +"Both the ``encodingname`` and the ``:errorhandler`` parts are optional and " +"have the same meaning as in :func:`str.encode`." +msgstr "" +"如果此变量在运行解释器之前被设置，它会覆盖通过 ``encodingname:errorhandler`` 语法设置的 " +"stdin/stdout/stderr 所用编码。 ``encodingname`` 和 ``:errorhandler`` 部分都是可选项，与在 " +":func:`str.encode` 中的含义相同。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:875 +msgid "" +"For stderr, the ``:errorhandler`` part is ignored; the handler will always " +"be ``'backslashreplace'``." +msgstr "对于 stderr，``:errorhandler`` 部分会被忽略；处理程序将总是为 ``'backslashreplace'``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:878 +msgid "The ``encodingname`` part is now optional." +msgstr "“encodingname” 部分现在是可选的。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:881 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the encoding specified by this variable is ignored for " +"interactive console buffers unless :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` is " +"also specified. Files and pipes redirected through the standard streams are " +"not affected." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，对于交互式控制台缓冲区会忽略此变量所指定的编码，除非还指定了 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO`。 通过标准流重定向的文件和管道则不受其影响。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:888 +msgid "" +"If this is set, Python won't add the :data:`user site-packages directory " +"` to :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了此变量，Python 将不会把 :data:`用户 site-packages 目录 ` 添加到 " +":data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:898 +msgid "" +"Defines the :data:`user base directory `, which is used to " +"compute the path of the :data:`user site-packages directory " +"` and :ref:`installation paths ` for " +"``python -m pip install --user``." +msgstr "" +"定义 :data:`用户基准目录 `，它将被用来计算 :data:`user site-packages 目录 " +"` 以及 ``python -m pip install --user`` 的 :ref:`安装路径 " +"`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:910 +msgid "" +"If this environment variable is set, ``sys.argv[0]`` will be set to its " +"value instead of the value got through the C runtime. Only works on macOS." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了此环境变量，则 ``sys.argv[0]`` 将被设为此变量的值而不是通过 C 运行时所获得的值。 这仅在 macOS 上起作用。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:916 +msgid "" +"This is equivalent to the :option:`-W` option. If set to a comma separated " +"string, it is equivalent to specifying :option:`-W` multiple times, with " +"filters later in the list taking precedence over those earlier in the list." +msgstr "" +"此变量等价于 :option:`-W` 选项。 如果被设为一个以逗号分隔的字符串，它就相当于多次指定 " +":option:`-W`，列表中后出现的过滤器优先级会高于列表中先出现的。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:925 +msgid "" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=default # Warn once per call location\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=error # Convert to exceptions\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=always # Warn every time\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=all # Same as PYTHONWARNINGS=always\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=module # Warn once per calling module\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=once # Warn once per Python process\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore # Never warn" +msgstr "" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=default # 每个调用位置警告一次\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=error # 转换为异常\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=always # 每次都警告\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=all # 与 PYTHONWARNINGS=always 相同\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=module # 每个调用模块警告一次\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=once # 每个 Python 进程警告一次\n" +"PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore # 从不警告" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:939 +msgid "" +"If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, " +":func:`faulthandler.enable` is called at startup: install a handler for " +":const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`, :const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, :const:`~signal.SIGABRT`," +" :const:`~signal.SIGBUS` and :const:`~signal.SIGILL` signals to dump the " +"Python traceback. This is equivalent to :option:`-X` ``faulthandler`` " +"option." +msgstr "" +"如果此环境变量被设为一个非空字符串，:func:`faulthandler.enable` 会在启动时被调用：为 " +":const:`~signal.SIGSEGV`, :const:`~signal.SIGFPE`, :const:`~signal.SIGABRT`," +" :const:`~signal.SIGBUS` 和 :const:`~signal.SIGILL` 等信号安装一个处理器以转储 Python " +"回溯信息。 此环境变量等价于 :option:`-X` ``faulthandler`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:951 +msgid "" +"If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, start tracing " +"Python memory allocations using the :mod:`tracemalloc` module. The value of " +"the variable is the maximum number of frames stored in a traceback of a " +"trace. For example, ``PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=1`` stores only the most recent " +"frame. See the :func:`tracemalloc.start` function for more information. This" +" is equivalent to setting the :option:`-X` ``tracemalloc`` option." +msgstr "" +"如果此环境变量被设为一个非空字符串，则会使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块启动对 Python 内存分配的跟踪。 " +"该变量的值是保存在跟踪的回溯信息中的最大帧数。 例如， ``PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=1`` 只保存最近的帧。 请参阅 " +":func:`tracemalloc.start` 函数了解更多信息。 这等价于设置 :option:`-X` ``tracemalloc`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:964 +msgid "" +"If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, Python will show " +"how long each import takes. This is equivalent to setting the :option:`-X` " +"``importtime`` option." +msgstr "" +"如果此环境变量被设为一个非空字符串，Python 将会显示每次导入耗费了多长时间。 这等价于设置 :option:`-X` ``importtime``" +" 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:973 +msgid "" +"If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, enable the " +":ref:`debug mode ` of the :mod:`asyncio` module." +msgstr "" +"如果此变量被设为一个非空字符串，则会启用 :mod:`asyncio` 模块的 :ref:`调试模式 `。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:981 +msgid "Set the Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks." +msgstr "设置 Python 内存分配器和/或安装调试钩子。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:983 +msgid "Set the family of memory allocators used by Python:" +msgstr "设置 Python 所使用的内存分配器族群：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:985 +msgid "" +"``default``: use the :ref:`default memory allocators `." +msgstr "``default``: 使用 :ref:`默认内存分配器 `。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:987 +msgid "" +"``malloc``: use the :c:func:`malloc` function of the C library for all " +"domains (:c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW`, :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`, " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ`)." +msgstr "" +"``malloc``: 对所有域 (:c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW`, :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`, " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ`) 使用 C 库的 :c:func:`malloc` 函数。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:990 +msgid "" +"``pymalloc``: use the :ref:`pymalloc allocator ` for " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` and :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` domains and use " +"the :c:func:`malloc` function for the :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` domain." +msgstr "" +"``pymalloc``: 对 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` 和 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` " +"域使用 :ref:`pymalloc 分配器 ` 而对 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` 域使用 " +":c:func:`malloc` 函数。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:993 +msgid "" +"``mimalloc``: use the :ref:`mimalloc allocator ` for " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` and :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` domains and use " +"the :c:func:`malloc` function for the :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` domain." +msgstr "" +"``mimalloc``: 对 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` 和 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` " +"域使用 :ref:`mimalloc 分配器 ` 而对 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` 域使用 " +":c:func:`malloc` 函数。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:997 +msgid "Install :ref:`debug hooks `:" +msgstr "安装 :ref:`调试钩子 ` ：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:999 +msgid "" +"``debug``: install debug hooks on top of the :ref:`default memory allocators" +" `." +msgstr "``debug``: 在 :ref:`默认内存分配器 ` 之上安装调试钩子。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1001 +msgid "``malloc_debug``: same as ``malloc`` but also install debug hooks." +msgstr "``malloc_debug``: 与 ``malloc`` 相同但还会安装调试钩子。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1002 +msgid "``pymalloc_debug``: same as ``pymalloc`` but also install debug hooks." +msgstr "``pymalloc_debug``: 与 ``pymalloc`` 相同但还会安装调试钩子。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1003 +msgid "``mimalloc_debug``: same as ``mimalloc`` but also install debug hooks." +msgstr "``mimalloc_debug``: 与 ``mimalloc`` 相同但还会安装调试钩子。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1007 +msgid "Added the ``\"default\"`` allocator." +msgstr "增加了 ``\"default\"`` 分配器。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1013 +msgid "" +"If set to a non-empty string, Python will print statistics of the " +":ref:`pymalloc memory allocator ` every time a new pymalloc object" +" arena is created, and on shutdown." +msgstr "" +"如果设为一个非空字符串，Python 将在每次创建新的 pymalloc 对象区域以及在关闭时打印 :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 " +"` 的统计信息。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"This variable is ignored if the :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable " +"is used to force the :c:func:`malloc` allocator of the C library, or if " +"Python is configured without ``pymalloc`` support." +msgstr "" +"如果 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 环境变量被用来强制开启 C 库的 :c:func:`malloc` 分配器，或者如果 Python " +"的配置不支持 ``pymalloc``，则此变量将被忽略。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1021 +msgid "" +"This variable can now also be used on Python compiled in release mode. It " +"now has no effect if set to an empty string." +msgstr "此变量现在也可以被用于在发布模式下编译的 Python。 如果它被设置为一个空字符串则将没有任何效果。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"If set to a non-empty string, the default :term:`filesystem encoding and " +"error handler` mode will revert to their pre-3.6 values of 'mbcs' and " +"'replace', respectively. Otherwise, the new defaults 'utf-8' and " +"'surrogatepass' are used." +msgstr "" +"如果设为非空字符串，默认的 :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` 模式将恢复到 3.6 " +"版本之前的值 “mbcs”和“replace”。 否则，将采用新的默认值“utf-8”和“surrogatepass”。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"This may also be enabled at runtime with " +":func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`." +msgstr "这也可以在运行时通过 :func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` 来启用。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1036 ../../using/cmdline.rst:1050 +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1101 +msgid "Availability" +msgstr "Availability" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1038 +msgid "See :pep:`529` for more details." +msgstr "更多详情请参阅 :pep:`529`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"If set to a non-empty string, does not use the new console reader and " +"writer. This means that Unicode characters will be encoded according to the " +"active console code page, rather than using utf-8." +msgstr "" +"如果设为一个非空字符串，则不使用新的控制台读取器和写入器。 这意味着 Unicode 字符将根据活动控制台的代码页进行编码，而不是使用 utf-8。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"This variable is ignored if the standard streams are redirected (to files or" +" pipes) rather than referring to console buffers." +msgstr "如果标准流被重定向（到文件或管道）而不是指向控制台缓冲区则该变量会被忽略。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"If set to the value ``0``, causes the main Python command line application " +"to skip coercing the legacy ASCII-based C and POSIX locales to a more " +"capable UTF-8 based alternative." +msgstr "" +"如果值设为 ``0``，将导致主 Python 命令行应用跳过将传统的基于 ASCII 的 C 与 POSIX 区域设置强制转换为更强大的基于 " +"UTF-8 的替代方案。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1061 +msgid "" +"If this variable is *not* set (or is set to a value other than ``0``), the " +"``LC_ALL`` locale override environment variable is also not set, and the " +"current locale reported for the ``LC_CTYPE`` category is either the default " +"``C`` locale, or else the explicitly ASCII-based ``POSIX`` locale, then the " +"Python CLI will attempt to configure the following locales for the " +"``LC_CTYPE`` category in the order listed before loading the interpreter " +"runtime:" +msgstr "" +"如果此变量 *未被* 设置（或被设为 ``0`` 以外的值），则覆盖环境变量的 ``LC_ALL`` 区域选项也不会被设置，并且报告给 " +"``LC_CTYPE`` 类别的当前区域选项或者为默认的 ``C`` 区域，或者为显式指明的基于 ASCII 的 ``POSIX`` 区域，然后 " +"Python CLI 将在加载解释器运行时之前尝试为 ``LC_CTYPE`` 类别按指定的顺序配置下列区域选项：" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1069 +msgid "``C.UTF-8``" +msgstr "``C.UTF-8``" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1070 +msgid "``C.utf8``" +msgstr "``C.utf8``" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1071 +msgid "``UTF-8``" +msgstr "``UTF-8``" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"If setting one of these locale categories succeeds, then the ``LC_CTYPE`` " +"environment variable will also be set accordingly in the current process " +"environment before the Python runtime is initialized. This ensures that in " +"addition to being seen by both the interpreter itself and other locale-aware" +" components running in the same process (such as the GNU ``readline`` " +"library), the updated setting is also seen in subprocesses (regardless of " +"whether or not those processes are running a Python interpreter), as well as" +" in operations that query the environment rather than the current C locale " +"(such as Python's own :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale`)." +msgstr "" +"如果成功设置了以上区域类别中的一个，则初始化 Python 运行时之前也将在当前进程环境中相应地设置 ``LC_CTYPE`` 环境变量。 " +"这会确保除了解释器本身和运行于同一进程中的其他可感知区域选项的组件 (例如 GNU ``readline`` 库) 之外，还能在子进程 " +"(无论这些进程是否在运行 Python 解释器) 以及在查询环境而非当前 C 区域的操作 (例如 Python 自己的 " +":func:`locale.getdefaultlocale`) 中看到更新的设置。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"Configuring one of these locales (either explicitly or via the above " +"implicit locale coercion) automatically enables the ``surrogateescape`` " +":ref:`error handler ` for :data:`sys.stdin` and " +":data:`sys.stdout` (:data:`sys.stderr` continues to use ``backslashreplace``" +" as it does in any other locale). This stream handling behavior can be " +"overridden using :envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` as usual." +msgstr "" +"(显式地或通过上述的隐式区域强制转换) 配置其中一个区域选项将自动为 :data:`sys.stdin` 和 :data:`sys.stdout` 启用" +" ``surrogateescape`` :ref:`错误处理器 ` (:data:`sys.stderr` 会继续使用" +" ``backslashreplace`` 如同在任何其他区域选项中一样)。 这种流处理行为可以按通常方式使用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` 来覆盖。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"For debugging purposes, setting ``PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn`` will cause " +"Python to emit warning messages on ``stderr`` if either the locale coercion " +"activates, or else if a locale that *would* have triggered coercion is still" +" active when the Python runtime is initialized." +msgstr "" +"出于调试目的，如果激活了区域强制转换，或者如果当 Python 运行时被初始化时某个 *应该* 触发强制转换的区域选项仍处于激活状态则设置 " +"``PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn`` 将导致 Python 在 ``stderr`` 上发出警告消息。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"Also note that even when locale coercion is disabled, or when it fails to " +"find a suitable target locale, :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` will still activate by " +"default in legacy ASCII-based locales. Both features must be disabled in " +"order to force the interpreter to use ``ASCII`` instead of ``UTF-8`` for " +"system interfaces." +msgstr "" +"还要注意，即使在区域转换转换被禁用，或者在其无法找到合适的目标区域时，默认 :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` 仍将在传统的基于 ASCII " +"的区域中被激活。 必须同时禁用这两项特性以强制解释器使用 ``ASCII`` 而不是 ``UTF-8`` 作为系统接口。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1103 +msgid "See :pep:`538` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`538` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, enable " +":ref:`Python Development Mode `, introducing additional runtime " +"checks that are too expensive to be enabled by default. This is equivalent " +"to setting the :option:`-X` ``dev`` option." +msgstr "" +"如果此环境变量被设为一个非空字符串，则会启用 :ref:`Python 开发模式 " +"`，引入在默认情况下启用扩展会导致开销过大的额外运行时检查。 这等价于设置 :option:`-X` ``dev`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1118 +msgid "If set to ``1``, enable the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `." +msgstr "如果设为 ``1`` ，将会启用 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 `。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1120 +msgid "If set to ``0``, disable the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `." +msgstr "若设为 ``0`` ，则会禁用 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` 。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"Setting any other non-empty string causes an error during interpreter " +"initialisation." +msgstr "设置任何其他非空字符串会在解释器初始化期间导致错误。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1129 +msgid "" +"If this environment variable is set to a non-empty string, issue a " +":class:`EncodingWarning` when the locale-specific default encoding is used." +msgstr "如果该环境变量设为一个非空字符串，则在采用某地区默认编码时，将会引发一条 :class:`EncodingWarning` 。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1132 +msgid "See :ref:`io-encoding-warning` for details." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`io-encoding-warning` 来了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1138 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set, it disables the inclusion of the tables mapping " +"extra location information (end line, start column offset and end column " +"offset) to every instruction in code objects. This is useful when smaller " +"code objects and pyc files are desired as well as suppressing the extra " +"visual location indicators when the interpreter displays tracebacks." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了此变量，它会禁用在代码对象中包括将额外位置信息（结束行、开始列偏移量和结束列偏移量）映射到每条指令的映射表。 这在需要较小的代码对象和 pyc" +" 文件时很有用处并可在解释器显示回溯时屏蔽额外的视觉位置提示。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to a nonzero value, it enables support for the Linux" +" ``perf`` profiler so Python calls can be detected by it." +msgstr "如果此变量被设为非零值，它将启用对 Linux ``perf`` 分析器的支持以便 Python 调用能被它检测到。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1151 ../../using/cmdline.rst:1164 +msgid "If set to ``0``, disable Linux ``perf`` profiler support." +msgstr "如果设为 ``0``，则禁用 Linux ``perf`` 性能分析器支持。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"See also the :option:`-X perf <-X>` command-line option and " +":ref:`perf_profiling`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :option:`-X perf <-X>` 命令行选项和 :ref:`perf_profiling`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1160 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to a nonzero value, it enables support for the Linux" +" ``perf`` profiler so Python calls can be detected by it using DWARF " +"information." +msgstr "如果此变量被设为非零值，它将启用对 Linux ``perf`` 分析器的支持以便 Python 调用能被它使用 DWARF 信息来检测。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"See also the :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` command-line option and " +":ref:`perf_profiling`." +msgstr "另请参阅 :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` 命令行选项和 :ref:`perf_profiling`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1175 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to a positive integer, it overrides the return " +"values of :func:`os.cpu_count` and :func:`os.process_cpu_count`." +msgstr "" +"如果此变量被设为正整数值，它将覆盖 :func:`os.cpu_count` 和 :func:`os.process_cpu_count` 的返回值。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1178 +msgid "See also the :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>` command-line option." +msgstr "另请参阅 :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to ``on`` or ``off``, it determines whether or not " +"frozen modules are ignored by the import machinery. A value of ``on`` means" +" they get imported and ``off`` means they are ignored. The default is " +"``on`` for non-debug builds (the normal case) and ``off`` for debug builds. " +"Note that the :mod:`!importlib_bootstrap` and " +":mod:`!importlib_bootstrap_external` frozen modules are always used, even if" +" this flag is set to ``off``." +msgstr "" +"如果此变量被设为 ``on`` 或 ``off``，它将确定已冻结模块是否要被导入机制所忽略。 值为 ``on`` 表示它们将被导入而 ``off`` " +"表示它们将被忽略。 对于非调试构建版（正常情况）默认为 ``on`` 而对调试构建版则为 ``off``。 请注意 " +":mod:`!importlib_bootstrap` 和 :mod:`!importlib_bootstrap_external` " +"冻结模块总是会被使用，即使该旗标被设为 ``off``。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1192 +msgid "See also the :option:`-X frozen_modules <-X>` command-line option." +msgstr "另请参阅 :option:`-X frozen_modules <-X>` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1198 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to ``1``, the interpreter will colorize various " +"kinds of output. Setting it to ``0`` deactivates this behavior. See also " +":ref:`using-on-controlling-color`." +msgstr "" +"如果此变量被设为 ``1``，解释器将对各种输出添加彩色。 将其设为 ``0`` 将禁用此行为。 另请参阅 :ref:`using-on-" +"controlling-color`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1206 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to any value, the interpreter will not attempt to " +"load the Python-based :term:`REPL` that requires :mod:`curses` and " +":mod:`readline`, and will instead use the traditional parser-based " +":term:`REPL`." +msgstr "" +"如果此变量被设为任意值，解释器将不再尝试加载需要 :mod:`curses` 和 :mod:`readline` 的基于 Python 的 " +":term:`REPL`，而将改用传统的基于解析器的 :term:`REPL`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1215 +msgid "" +"This environment variable can be used to set the location of a " +"``.python_history`` file (by default, it is ``.python_history`` in the " +"user's home directory)." +msgstr "" +"此环境变量可被用来设置 ``.python_history`` 文件的位置（在默认情况下，它将为用户主目录下的 ``.python_history`` " +"文件）。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to ``1``, the global interpreter lock (GIL) will be " +"forced on. Setting it to ``0`` forces the GIL off (needs Python configured " +"with the :option:`--disable-gil` build option)." +msgstr "" +"如果将此变量设为 ``1``，则将强制启用全局解释器锁 (GIL)。 将其设为 ``0`` 将强制禁用 GIL (需要使用 " +":option:`--disable-gil` 构建选项来配置 Python)。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"See also the :option:`-X gil <-X>` command-line option, which takes " +"precedence over this variable, and :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython`." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :option:`-X gil <-X>` 命令行选项，该选项的优先级高于此变量，并请参阅 :ref:`whatsnew313-free-" +"threaded-cpython`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1233 +msgid "Debug-mode variables" +msgstr "调试模式变量" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"If set, Python will dump objects and reference counts still alive after " +"shutting down the interpreter." +msgstr "如果设置，Python 将在关闭解释器后转储仍存活的对象和引用计数。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1240 ../../using/cmdline.rst:1248 +msgid "" +"Needs Python configured with the :option:`--with-trace-refs` build option." +msgstr "需要使用 :option:`--with-trace-refs` 构建选项来配置 Python。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"If set, Python will dump objects and reference counts still alive after " +"shutting down the interpreter into a file under the path given as the value " +"to this environment variable." +msgstr "如果设置，Python 将在关闭解释器后将仍然存活的对象和引用计数转储至此环境变量给出的路径所对应的文件中。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1254 +msgid "" +"If this variable is set to a module, that module will be imported early in " +"the interpreter lifecycle, before the :mod:`site` module is executed, and " +"before the :mod:`__main__` module is created. Therefore, the imported module" +" is not treated as :mod:`__main__`." +msgstr "" +"如果此变量被设为一个模块，则该模块将在解释器生命周期的较早阶段被导入，即在 :mod:`site` 模块被执行之前，并在 :mod:`__main__`" +" 模块被创建之前。 因此，这个被导入的模块不会被作为 :mod:`__main__`。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1259 +msgid "This can be used to execute code early during Python initialization." +msgstr "这适用于要早在 Python 初始化期间就执行的代码。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"To import a submodule, use ``package.module`` as the value, like in an " +"import statement." +msgstr "要导入一个子模块，请使用 ``package.module`` 作为值，就像在 import 语句中那样。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1264 +msgid "" +"See also the :option:`-X presite <-X>` command-line option, which takes " +"precedence over this variable." +msgstr "另请参阅 :option:`-X presite <-X>` 命令行选项，该选项的优先级高于此变量。" + +#: ../../using/cmdline.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Needs Python configured with the :option:`--with-pydebug` build option." +msgstr "需要使用 :option:`--with-pydebug` 构建选项来配置 Python。" diff --git a/using/configure.po b/using/configure.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0f126568 --- /dev/null +++ b/using/configure.po @@ -0,0 +1,2222 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Sefank , 2023 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# ProgramRipper, 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-28 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:50+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:3 +msgid "Configure Python" +msgstr "配置 Python" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:8 +msgid "Build Requirements" +msgstr "构建要求" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:10 +msgid "Features and minimum versions required to build CPython:" +msgstr "编译 CPython 所需要的特性和最低版本:" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:12 +msgid "" +"A `C11 `_ compiler. `Optional C11 " +"features " +"`_" +" are not required." +msgstr "" +"`C11 `_ 编译器。 `可选的 C11 特性 " +"`_" +" 不是必须的。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:17 +msgid "On Windows, Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 or later is required." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，需要 Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 或更新版本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Support for `IEEE 754 `_ floating-" +"point numbers and `floating-point Not-a-Number (NaN) " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"对 `IEEE 754 `_ 浮点数和 `浮点 Not-a-Number" +" (NaN) `_ 的支持。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:23 +msgid "Support for threads." +msgstr "对线程的支持。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:25 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL 1.1.1 is the minimum version and OpenSSL 3.0.9 is the recommended " +"minimum version for the :mod:`ssl` and :mod:`hashlib` extension modules." +msgstr "" +"对于 :mod:`ssl` 和 :mod:`hashlib` 扩展模块 OpenSSL 1.1.1 为最低版本而 OpenSSL 3.0.9 " +"为推荐的最低版本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:28 +msgid "SQLite 3.15.2 for the :mod:`sqlite3` extension module." +msgstr "SQLite 3.15.2 用于 :mod:`sqlite3` 扩展模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:30 +msgid "Tcl/Tk 8.5.12 for the :mod:`tkinter` module." +msgstr "Tcl/Tk 8.5.12 用于 :mod:`tkinter` 模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.5 are required to regenerate the " +":file:`configure` script." +msgstr "需要 autoconf 2.71 和 aclocal 1.16.5 来重新生成 :file:`configure` 脚本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:35 +msgid "Tcl/Tk version 8.3.1 is now required." +msgstr "现在需要 Tcl/Tk 8.3.1 版本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:38 +msgid "" +"On Windows, Visual Studio 2015 or later is now required. Tcl/Tk version 8.4 " +"is now required." +msgstr "在 Windows 上，现在需要 Visual Studio 2015 或更新的版本。 现在需要 Tcl/Tk 8.4 版本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:42 +msgid "" +"Selected C99 features are now required, like ```` and ``static " +"inline`` functions." +msgstr "现在要求选定的 C99 特性，如 ```` 和 ``static inline`` 函数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:46 +msgid "Thread support and OpenSSL 1.0.2 are now required." +msgstr "现在要求线程支持和 OpenSSL 1.0.2。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:49 +msgid "OpenSSL 1.1.1 is now required. Require SQLite 3.7.15." +msgstr "现在需要 OpenSSL 1.1.1。 需要 SQLite 3.7.15。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:53 +msgid "" +"C11 compiler, IEEE 754 and NaN support are now required. On Windows, Visual " +"Studio 2017 or later is required. Tcl/Tk version 8.5.12 is now required for " +"the :mod:`tkinter` module." +msgstr "" +"C11 编译器，现在需要 IEEE 754 和 NaN 支持。 在 Windows 上，需要 Visual Studio 2017 或更新的版本。 " +"现在需要 Tcl/Tk version 8.5.12 用于 :mod:`tkinter` 模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:58 +msgid "Autoconf 2.71, aclocal 1.16.5 and SQLite 3.15.2 are now required." +msgstr "现在需要 autoconf 2.71, aclocal 1.16.5 和 SQLite 3.15.2。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:61 +msgid "" +"See also :pep:`7` \"Style Guide for C Code\" and :pep:`11` \"CPython " +"platform support\"." +msgstr "" +"另请参阅 :pep:`7` \"Style Guide for C Code\" 和 :pep:`11` \"CPython platform " +"support\"。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:66 +msgid "Generated files" +msgstr "已生成的文件" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:68 +msgid "" +"To reduce build dependencies, Python source code contains multiple generated" +" files. Commands to regenerate all generated files::" +msgstr "为了减少构建依赖性，Python 源代码包含多个已生成的文件。 重新生成所有已生成文件的命令如下::" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:71 +msgid "" +"make regen-all\n" +"make regen-stdlib-module-names\n" +"make regen-limited-abi\n" +"make regen-configure" +msgstr "" +"make regen-all\n" +"make regen-stdlib-module-names\n" +"make regen-limited-abi\n" +"make regen-configure" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:76 +msgid "" +"The ``Makefile.pre.in`` file documents generated files, their inputs, and " +"tools used to regenerate them. Search for ``regen-*`` make targets." +msgstr "" +"``Makefile.pre.in`` 文件记录了已生成的文件、它们的输入以及用于重新生成它们的工具。 搜索 ``regen-*`` make " +"target。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:80 +msgid "configure script" +msgstr "配置脚本" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The ``make regen-configure`` command regenerates the ``aclocal.m4`` file and" +" the ``configure`` script using the ``Tools/build/regen-configure.sh`` shell" +" script which uses an Ubuntu container to get the same tools versions and " +"have a reproducible output." +msgstr "" +"``make regen-configure`` 命令将使用 ``Tools/build/regen-configure.sh`` shell 脚本生成" +" ``aclocal.m4`` 文件和 ``configure`` 脚本，它通过使用一个 Ubuntu 容器来获取同样的工具版本并具有可复现的输出。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:87 +msgid "The container is optional, the following command can be run locally::" +msgstr "容器是可选的，以下命令可以在本地运行::" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:89 +msgid "autoreconf -ivf -Werror" +msgstr "autoreconf -ivf -Werror" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:91 +msgid "" +"The generated files can change depending on the exact ``autoconf-archive``, " +"``aclocal`` and ``pkg-config`` versions." +msgstr "" +"生成的文件可根据实际的 ``autoconf-archive``, ``aclocal`` 和 ``pkg-config`` 版本进行改变。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:98 +msgid "Configure Options" +msgstr "配置选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:100 +msgid "List all :file:`configure` script options using::" +msgstr "用以下方式列出所有 :file:`configure` 脚本选项::" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:102 +msgid "./configure --help" +msgstr "./configure --help" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:104 +msgid "" +"See also the :file:`Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt` in the Python source " +"distribution." +msgstr "参阅 Python 源代码中的 :file:`Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:107 +msgid "General Options" +msgstr "通用选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Support loadable extensions in the :mod:`!_sqlite` extension module (default" +" is no) of the :mod:`sqlite3` module." +msgstr "在 :mod:`sqlite3` 模块的 :mod:`!_sqlite` 扩展模块中是否支持可加载扩展（默认为否）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:114 +msgid "" +"See the :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` method of the " +":mod:`sqlite3` module." +msgstr "" +"参见 :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` 方法的 :mod:`sqlite3` 模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:121 +msgid "" +"Disable IPv6 support (enabled by default if supported), see the " +":mod:`socket` module." +msgstr "禁用 IPv6 支持（若开启支持则默认启用），见 :mod:`socket` 模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:126 +msgid "Define the size in bits of Python :class:`int` digits: 15 or 30 bits." +msgstr "定义 Python :class:`int` 数字的比特大小：15或30比特" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:128 +msgid "By default, the digit size is 30." +msgstr "在默认情况下，数位大小为 30。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:130 +msgid "Define the ``PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT`` to ``15`` or ``30``." +msgstr "定义 ``PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT`` 为 ``15`` 或 ``30``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:132 +msgid "See :data:`sys.int_info.bits_per_digit `." +msgstr "参见 :data:`sys.int_info.bits_per_digit ` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:136 +msgid "Set the Python executable suffix to *SUFFIX*." +msgstr "将 Python 的可执行文件后缀设置为 *SUFFIX*。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:138 +msgid "" +"The default suffix is ``.exe`` on Windows and macOS (``python.exe`` " +"executable), ``.js`` on Emscripten node, ``.html`` on Emscripten browser, " +"``.wasm`` on WASI, and an empty string on other platforms (``python`` " +"executable)." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 和 macOS 上默认后缀为 ``.exe`` (可执行文件为 ``python.exe``)，在 Emscripten node " +"上为 ``.js``，在 Emscripten 浏览器上为 ``.html``，在 WASI 上为 ``.wasm``，而在其他平台上为一个空字符串 " +"(可执行文件为 ``python``)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The default suffix on WASM platform is one of ``.js``, ``.html`` or " +"``.wasm``." +msgstr "在 WASM 平台上默认后缀为 ``.js``, ``.html`` 或 ``.wasm`` 之一。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:149 +msgid "" +"Select the default time zone search path for :const:`zoneinfo.TZPATH`. See " +"the :ref:`Compile-time configuration ` of" +" the :mod:`zoneinfo` module." +msgstr "" +"Select the default time zone search path for为 :const:`zoneinfo.TZPATH` " +"选择默认的时区搜索路径。 参见 :mod:`zoneinfo` 模块的 :ref:`编译时配置 " +"`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Default: " +"``/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo``." +msgstr "" +"默认：``/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo``" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:155 +msgid "See :data:`os.pathsep` path separator." +msgstr "参阅 :data:`os.pathsep` 路径分隔符。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Build the ``_decimal`` extension module using a thread-local context rather " +"than a coroutine-local context (default), see the :mod:`decimal` module." +msgstr "编译 ``_decimal`` 扩展模块时使用线程本地上下文，而不是协程本地上下文（默认），参见 :mod:`decimal` 模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:164 +msgid "" +"See :const:`decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR` and the :mod:`contextvars` module." +msgstr "参见 :const:`decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR` 和 :mod:`contextvars` 模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:170 +msgid "Override order to check db backends for the :mod:`dbm` module" +msgstr "覆盖 :mod:`dbm` 模块的 db 后端检查顺序。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:172 +msgid "" +"A valid value is a colon (``:``) separated string with the backend names:" +msgstr "合法值是用冒号（``:``）分隔的字符串，包含后端名称。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:174 +msgid "``ndbm``;" +msgstr "``ndbm`` ；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:175 +msgid "``gdbm``;" +msgstr "``gdbm`` ；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:176 +msgid "``bdb``." +msgstr "``bdb`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:180 +msgid "" +"Disable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale (enabled by default)." +msgstr "禁用 C 语言对 UTF-8 的强制要求（默认为启用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:182 +msgid "Don't define the ``PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE`` macro." +msgstr "不定义 ``PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE`` 宏。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:184 +msgid "See :envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` and the :pep:`538`." +msgstr "参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` 和 :pep:`538`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:188 +msgid "Disable all freelists except the empty tuple singleton." +msgstr "" +"禁用除空元组单例以外的所有自由列表。Disable all freelists except the empty tuple singleton." + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:194 +msgid "Python library directory name (default is ``lib``)." +msgstr "Python 库目录名（默认为 ``lib``）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:196 +msgid "Fedora and SuSE use ``lib64`` on 64-bit platforms." +msgstr "Fedora 和 SuSE 在64 位平台用 ``lib64`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:198 +msgid "See :data:`sys.platlibdir`." +msgstr "参阅 :data:`sys.platlibdir` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Directory of wheel packages used by the :mod:`ensurepip` module (none by " +"default)." +msgstr ":mod:`ensurepip` 模块用到的 wheel 包目录（默认为无）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundling " +"dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the " +"``/usr/share/python-wheels/`` directory and don't install the " +":mod:`!ensurepip._bundled` package." +msgstr "" +"某些 Linux 发行版的打包策略建议不要捆绑依赖关系。如 Fedora 在 ``/usr/share/python-wheels/`` 目录下安装 " +"wheel 包，而不安装 :mod:`!ensurepip._bundled` 包。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Whether configure should use :program:`pkg-config` to detect build " +"dependencies." +msgstr "配置是否应当使用 :program:`pkg-config` 来检测构建依赖。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:219 +msgid "``check`` (default): :program:`pkg-config` is optional" +msgstr "``check`` (默认值): :program:`pkg-config` 为可选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:220 +msgid "``yes``: :program:`pkg-config` is mandatory" +msgstr "``yes``: :program:`pkg-config` 为必选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:221 +msgid "``no``: configure does not use :program:`pkg-config` even when present" +msgstr "``no``: 配置不使用 :program:`pkg-config` 即使其存在" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:227 +msgid "Turn on internal Python performance statistics gathering." +msgstr "启用内部 Python 性能统计数据收集。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:229 +msgid "" +"By default, statistics gathering is off. Use ``python3 -X pystats`` command " +"or set ``PYTHONSTATS=1`` environment variable to turn on statistics " +"gathering at Python startup." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，将关闭统计数据收集。 使用 ``python3 -X pystats`` 命令或设置 ``PYTHONSTATS=1`` 环境变量在 " +"Python 启动时启用统计数据收集。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:233 +msgid "" +"At Python exit, dump statistics if statistics gathering was on and not " +"cleared." +msgstr "在 Python 退出时，如果统计数据收集已启用且未清除则会转储统计数据。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:236 ../../using/configure.rst:725 +msgid "Effects:" +msgstr "效果如下：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:238 +msgid "Add :option:`-X pystats <-X>` command line option." +msgstr "增加了 :option:`-X pystats <-X>` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:239 +msgid "Add :envvar:`!PYTHONSTATS` environment variable." +msgstr "增加了 :envvar:`!PYTHONSTATS` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:240 +msgid "Define the ``Py_STATS`` macro." +msgstr "定义 ``Py_STATS`` 宏。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:241 +msgid "Add functions to the :mod:`sys` module:" +msgstr "为 :mod:`sys` 模块增加函数：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:243 +msgid ":func:`!sys._stats_on`: Turns on statistics gathering." +msgstr ":func:`!sys._stats_on`: 启用统计数据收集。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:244 +msgid ":func:`!sys._stats_off`: Turns off statistics gathering." +msgstr ":func:`!sys._stats_off`: 关闭统计数据收集。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:245 +msgid ":func:`!sys._stats_clear`: Clears the statistics." +msgstr ":func:`!sys._stats_clear`: 清除统计数据。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:246 +msgid "" +":func:`!sys._stats_dump`: Dump statistics to file, and clears the " +"statistics." +msgstr ":func:`!sys._stats_dump`: 将统计数据转储到文件，并清除统计数据。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:248 +msgid "" +"The statistics will be dumped to a arbitrary (probably unique) file in " +"``/tmp/py_stats/`` (Unix) or ``C:\\temp\\py_stats\\`` (Windows). If that " +"directory does not exist, results will be printed on stderr." +msgstr "" +"统计数据将被转储至 ``/tmp/py_stats/`` (Unix) 或 ``C:\\temp\\py_stats\\`` (Windows) " +"中的任意（可能唯一）文件。 如果该目录不存在，结果将被打印到 stderr。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:252 +msgid "Use ``Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py`` to read the stats." +msgstr "使用 ``Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py`` 来读取统计数据。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:254 +msgid "Statistics:" +msgstr "统计数据：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:256 +msgid "Opcode:" +msgstr "操作码：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:258 +msgid "" +"Specialization: success, failure, hit, deferred, miss, deopt, failures;" +msgstr "专门类别: success, failure, hit, deferred, miss, deopt, failures；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:259 +msgid "Execution count;" +msgstr "执行计数；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:260 +msgid "Pair count." +msgstr "对应计数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:262 +msgid "Call:" +msgstr "调用：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:264 +msgid "Inlined Python calls;" +msgstr "内联 Python 调用；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:265 +msgid "PyEval calls;" +msgstr "PyEval 调用；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:266 +msgid "Frames pushed;" +msgstr "推入的帧；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:267 +msgid "Frame object created;" +msgstr "创建的帧对象；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Eval calls: vector, generator, legacy, function VECTORCALL, build class, " +"slot, function \"ex\", API, method." +msgstr "" +"Eval 调用: vector, generator, legacy, function VECTORCALL, build class, slot, " +"function \"ex\", API, method。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:271 +msgid "Object:" +msgstr "对象：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:273 +msgid "incref and decref;" +msgstr "incref 和 decref；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:274 +msgid "interpreter incref and decref;" +msgstr "解释器 incref 和 decref；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:275 +msgid "allocations: all, 512 bytes, 4 kiB, big;" +msgstr "分配: all, 512 bytes, 4 kiB, big；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:276 +msgid "free;" +msgstr "空闲；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:277 +msgid "to/from free lists;" +msgstr "去向/来自空闲列表；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:278 +msgid "dictionary materialized/dematerialized;" +msgstr "实体化/非实体化的字典；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:279 +msgid "type cache;" +msgstr "类型缓存；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:280 +msgid "optimization attempts;" +msgstr "优化尝试；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:281 +msgid "optimization traces created/executed;" +msgstr "已创建/已执行的优化跟踪；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:282 +msgid "uops executed." +msgstr "已执行的 uop。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:284 +msgid "Garbage collector:" +msgstr "垃圾回收器：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:286 +msgid "Garbage collections;" +msgstr "垃圾回收；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:287 +msgid "Objects visited;" +msgstr "已访问的对象；" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:288 +msgid "Objects collected." +msgstr "已收集的对象。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:296 +msgid "" +"Enables **experimental** support for running Python without the " +":term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL): free threading build." +msgstr "" +"启用对不带 :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) 运行 Python 的 **实验性** 支持：自由线程构建版。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:299 +msgid "" +"Defines the ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` macro and adds ``\"t\"`` to " +":data:`sys.abiflags`." +msgstr "定义 ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` 宏并向 :data:`sys.abiflags` 添加 ``\"t\"``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:302 +msgid "See :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython` for more detail." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`whatsnew313-free-threaded-cpython` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:308 +msgid "" +"Indicate how to integrate the :ref:`JIT compiler `." +msgstr "指明如何集成 :ref:`JIT 编译器 `。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:310 +msgid "``no`` - build the interpreter without the JIT." +msgstr "``no`` - 构建不带 JIT 的解释器。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:311 +msgid "``yes`` - build the interpreter with the JIT." +msgstr "``yes`` - 构建带有 JIT 的解释器。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:312 +msgid "" +"``yes-off`` - build the interpreter with the JIT but disable it by default." +msgstr "``yes-off`` - 构建带 JIT 的解释器但默认禁用它。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:313 +msgid "" +"``interpreter`` - build the interpreter without the JIT, but with the tier 2" +" enabled interpreter." +msgstr "``interpreter`` - 构建不带 JIT 的解释器，但针对启用第 2 层级的解释器。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:315 +msgid "" +"By convention, ``--enable-experimental-jit`` is a shorthand for ``--enable-" +"experimental-jit=yes``." +msgstr "" +"根据惯例，``--enable-experimental-jit`` 是 ``--enable-experimental-jit=yes`` " +"的简写形式。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:319 +msgid "" +"When building CPython with JIT enabled, ensure that your system has Python " +"3.11 or later installed." +msgstr "当构建启用的 JIT 的 CPython 时，请确保你的系统已安装了 Python 3.11 或更新的版本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:325 +msgid "Path to ``pkg-config`` utility." +msgstr "指向 ``pkg-config`` 工具的路径。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:330 +msgid "``pkg-config`` options." +msgstr "``pkg-config`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:334 +msgid "C compiler options" +msgstr "C 编译器选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:338 ../../using/configure.rst:1251 +msgid "C compiler command." +msgstr "C 编译器指令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:342 ../../using/configure.rst:1263 +msgid "C compiler flags." +msgstr "C 编译器标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:346 +msgid "C preprocessor command." +msgstr "C 预处理器命令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:350 +msgid "C preprocessor flags, e.g. :samp:`-I{include_dir}`." +msgstr "C 预处理器旗标，例如 :samp:`-I{include_dir}`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:354 ../../using/configure.rst:796 +msgid "Linker options" +msgstr "链接器选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:358 +msgid "Linker flags, e.g. :samp:`-L{library_directory}`." +msgstr "链接器旗标，例如 :samp:`-L{library_directory}`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:362 +msgid "Libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. :samp:`-l{library}`." +msgstr "要传给链接器的库，例如 :samp:`-l{library}`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:366 +msgid "Name for machine-dependent library files." +msgstr "依赖具体机器的库文件名称。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:370 +msgid "Options for third-party dependencies" +msgstr "用于第三方依赖的选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:377 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags to link Python to ``libbz2``, used by :mod:`bz2`" +" module, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"将 Python 链接到 ``libbz2`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`bz2` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:383 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libncurses`` or ``libncursesw``, used by " +":mod:`curses` module, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``libncurses`` 或 ``libncursesw`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`curses` 模块使用，覆盖 " +"``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:389 +msgid "C compiler and linker flags for ``gdbm``." +msgstr "针对 ``gdbm`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:394 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libb2`` (:ref:`BLAKE2 `), " +"used by :mod:`hashlib` module, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``libb2`` (:ref:`BLAKE2 `) 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`hashlib`" +" 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:400 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libedit``, used by :mod:`readline` module," +" overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``libedit`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`readline` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:406 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libffi``, used by :mod:`ctypes` module, " +"overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "针对 ``libffi`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`ctypes` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:412 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libmpdec``, used by :mod:`decimal` module," +" overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``libmpdec`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`decimal` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:417 +msgid "" +"These environment variables have no effect unless :option:`--with-system-" +"libmpdec` is specified." +msgstr "除非指定了 :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` 否则这些环境变量将没有效果。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:423 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``liblzma``, used by :mod:`lzma` module, " +"overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "针对 ``liblzma`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`lzma` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:429 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libreadline``, used by :mod:`readline` " +"module, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``libreadline`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`readline` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:435 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libsqlite3``, used by :mod:`sqlite3` " +"module, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``libsqlite3`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`sqlite3` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:441 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libuuid``, used by :mod:`uuid` module, " +"overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "针对 ``libuuid`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`uuid` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:447 +msgid "C compiler and linker flags for PANEL, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "针对 PANEL 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:449 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libpanel`` or ``libpanelw``, used by " +":mod:`curses.panel` module, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" +"针对 ``libpanel`` 或 ``libpanelw`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`curses.panel` 模块使用，覆盖 " +"``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:455 +msgid "C compiler and linker flags for TCLTK, overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "针对 TCLTK 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:460 +msgid "" +"C compiler and linker flags for ``libzlib``, used by :mod:`gzip` module, " +"overriding ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "针对 ``libzlib`` 的 C 编译器和链接器旗标，由 :mod:`gzip` 模块使用，覆盖 ``pkg-config``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:465 +msgid "WebAssembly Options" +msgstr "WebAssembly 选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:469 +msgid "Set build flavor for ``wasm32-emscripten``." +msgstr "为 ``wasm32-emscripten`` 设置生成风格。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:471 +msgid "``browser`` (default): preload minimal stdlib, default MEMFS." +msgstr "``browser`` (默认值): 预加载最小 stdlib，默认 MEMFS。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:472 +msgid "``node``: NODERAWFS and pthread support." +msgstr "``node``: NODERAWFS 和 pthread 支持。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:478 +msgid "Turn on dynamic linking support for WASM." +msgstr "为 WASM 启用动态链接支持。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:480 +msgid "" +"Dynamic linking enables ``dlopen``. File size of the executable increases " +"due to limited dead code elimination and additional features." +msgstr "动态链接启用 ``dlopen``。 可执行文件的大小将由于限制死代码清理和附加特性而增加。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:487 +msgid "Turn on pthreads support for WASM." +msgstr "为 WASM 启用 pthreads 支持。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:493 +msgid "Install Options" +msgstr "安装时的选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. On Unix, it defaults to " +":file:`/usr/local`." +msgstr "在 PREFIX 中安装架构无关的文件。 在 Unix 上，它默认为 :file:`/usr/local`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:500 +msgid "This value can be retrieved at runtime using :data:`sys.prefix`." +msgstr "该值可在运行时使用 :data:`sys.prefix` 获取。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:502 +msgid "" +"As an example, one can use ``--prefix=\"$HOME/.local/\"`` to install a " +"Python in its home directory." +msgstr "作为示例，用户可以使用 ``--prefix=\"$HOME/.local/\"`` 在其家目录中安装 Python。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX, defaults to " +":option:`--prefix`." +msgstr "在 EPREFIX 中安装架构无关的文件，默认为 :option:`--prefix`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:509 +msgid "This value can be retrieved at runtime using :data:`sys.exec_prefix`." +msgstr "该值可在运行时使用 :data:`sys.exec_prefix` 获取。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Don't build nor install test modules, like the :mod:`test` package or the " +":mod:`!_testcapi` extension module (built and installed by default)." +msgstr "不编译和安装 test 模块，如 :mod:`test` 包或 :mod:`!_testcapi` 扩展模块（默认会编译并安装）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:520 +msgid "Select the :mod:`ensurepip` command run on Python installation:" +msgstr "选择 Python 安装时运行的 :mod:`ensurepip` 命令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:522 +msgid "" +"``upgrade`` (default): run ``python -m ensurepip --altinstall --upgrade`` " +"command." +msgstr "" +"``upgrade`` （默认）：运行 ``python -m ensurepip --altinstall --upgrade`` 命令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:524 +msgid "``install``: run ``python -m ensurepip --altinstall`` command;" +msgstr "``install`` ：运行 ``python -m ensurepip --altinstall`` 命令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:525 +msgid "``no``: don't run ensurepip;" +msgstr "``no`` ：不运行 ensurepip。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:531 +msgid "Performance options" +msgstr "性能选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:533 +msgid "" +"Configuring Python using ``--enable-optimizations --with-lto`` (PGO + LTO) " +"is recommended for best performance. The experimental ``--enable-bolt`` flag" +" can also be used to improve performance." +msgstr "" +"为获得最佳性能推荐使用 ``--enable-optimizations --with-lto`` (PGO + LTO) 来配置 Python。 " +"试验性的 ``--enable-bolt`` 旗标也可被用来提升性能。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:539 +msgid "" +"Enable Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) using :envvar:`PROFILE_TASK` " +"(disabled by default)." +msgstr "用 :envvar:`PROFILE_TASK` 启用以配置文件主导的优化（PGO）（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:542 +msgid "" +"The C compiler Clang requires ``llvm-profdata`` program for PGO. On macOS, " +"GCC also requires it: GCC is just an alias to Clang on macOS." +msgstr "" +"C 编译器 Clang 需要用到 ``llvm-profdata`` 程序进行 PGO。在 macOS 上，GCC 也需要用到它：在 macOS 上 " +"GCC 只是 Clang 的别名而已。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Disable also semantic interposition in libpython if ``--enable-shared`` and " +"GCC is used: add ``-fno-semantic-interposition`` to the compiler and linker " +"flags." +msgstr "" +"如果使用 ``--enable-shared`` 和 GCC ，还可以禁用 libpython 中的语义插值：在编译器和链接器的标志中加入 " +"``-fno-semantic-interposition`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:551 +msgid "" +"During the build, you may encounter compiler warnings about profile data not" +" being available for some source files. These warnings are harmless, as only" +" a subset of the code is exercised during profile data acquisition. To " +"disable these warnings on Clang, manually suppress them by adding ``-Wno-" +"profile-instr-unprofiled`` to :envvar:`CFLAGS`." +msgstr "" +"在构建期间，你可能会遇到编译器警告提示某些源文件的配置数据不可用。 这些警告是无害的，因为在获取配置数据时只有一部分代码会被使用。 要在 Clang " +"上禁用这些警告，可通过在 :envvar:`CFLAGS` 中添加 ``-Wno-profile-instr-unprofiled`` 来手动抑制它们。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:560 +msgid "Use ``-fno-semantic-interposition`` on GCC." +msgstr "在 GCC 上使用 ``-fno-semantic-interposition`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:565 +msgid "" +"Environment variable used in the Makefile: Python command line arguments for" +" the PGO generation task." +msgstr "Makefile 用到的环境变量：PGO 用到的 Python 命令行参数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:568 +msgid "Default: ``-m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)``." +msgstr "默认为：``-m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:572 +msgid "Task failure is no longer ignored silently." +msgstr "任务失败将不会再被静默地忽略。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:577 +msgid "" +"Enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) in any build (disabled by default)." +msgstr "在编译过程中启用链接时间优化（LTO）（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:579 +msgid "" +"The C compiler Clang requires ``llvm-ar`` for LTO (``ar`` on macOS), as well" +" as an LTO-aware linker (``ld.gold`` or ``lld``)." +msgstr "" +"LTO 时 C 编译器 Clang 需要用到 ``llvm-ar`` 参数（在 macOS 则为 ``ar``），以及支持 LTO " +"的链接器（``ld.gold`` 或 ``lld``）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:584 +msgid "To use ThinLTO feature, use ``--with-lto=thin`` on Clang." +msgstr "要使用 ThinLTO 特性，请在 Clang 上使用 ``--with-lto=thin``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Use ThinLTO as the default optimization policy on Clang if the compiler " +"accepts the flag." +msgstr "如果编译器支持将使用 ThinLTO 旗标作为 Clang 上的默认优化策略。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:592 +msgid "" +"Enable usage of the `BOLT post-link binary optimizer " +"`_ (disabled by " +"default)." +msgstr "" +"允许启用 `BOLT 链接后二进制优化器 `_" +" (默认为禁用)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:596 +msgid "" +"BOLT is part of the LLVM project but is not always included in their binary " +"distributions. This flag requires that ``llvm-bolt`` and ``merge-fdata`` are" +" available." +msgstr "" +"BOLT 是 LLVM 项目的一部分但并不总是包括在其二进制分发包中。 该旗标要求 ``llvm-bolt`` 和 ``merge-fdata`` " +"可用。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:600 +msgid "" +"BOLT is still a fairly new project so this flag should be considered " +"experimental for now. Because this tool operates on machine code its success" +" is dependent on a combination of the build environment + the other " +"optimization configure args + the CPU architecture, and not all combinations" +" are supported. BOLT versions before LLVM 16 are known to crash BOLT under " +"some scenarios. Use of LLVM 16 or newer for BOLT optimization is strongly " +"encouraged." +msgstr "" +"BOLT 仍然是一个相当新的项目因此目前该旗标应当被视为是试验性的。 因为此工具是作用于机器码所以其成功依赖于构建环境 + 其他优化配置参数 + CPU" +" 架构的组合，并且并非所有组合都受到支持。 已知 LLVM 16 之前的 BOLT 版本在某些场景下会使得 BOLT 发生崩溃。 强烈建议使用 LLVM" +" 16 或更新版本进行 BOLT 优化。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:608 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`!BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS` and :envvar:`!BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS` " +":program:`configure` variables can be defined to override the default set of" +" arguments for :program:`llvm-bolt` to instrument and apply BOLT data to " +"binaries, respectively." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`!BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS` 和 :envvar:`!BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS` " +":program:`configure` 变量可被定义为覆盖 :program:`llvm-bolt` 的默认参数集合来分别指示和将 BOLT " +"数据应用于二进制代码中。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:617 +msgid "" +"Arguments to ``llvm-bolt`` when creating a `BOLT optimized binary " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"当创建 `BOLT 优化的二进制文件 `_ 时传给 ``llvm-" +"bolt`` 的参数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:624 +msgid "Arguments to ``llvm-bolt`` when instrumenting binaries." +msgstr "当构建二进制文件时传给 ``llvm-bolt`` 的参数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by default on supported " +"compilers)." +msgstr "在求值环节启用 goto 计数（在支持的编译器上默认启用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:635 +msgid "" +"Disable the fast :ref:`mimalloc ` allocator (enabled by default)." +msgstr "禁用快速的 :ref:`mimalloc ` 分配器（默认为启用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:638 ../../using/configure.rst:645 +msgid "See also :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable." +msgstr "参见环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:642 +msgid "" +"Disable the specialized Python memory allocator :ref:`pymalloc ` " +"(enabled by default)." +msgstr "禁用特定的 Python 内存分配器 :ref:`pymalloc ` （默认为启用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:649 +msgid "" +"Disable static documentation strings to reduce the memory footprint (enabled" +" by default). Documentation strings defined in Python are not affected." +msgstr "禁用静态文档字符串以减少内存占用（默认启用）。Python 中定义的文档字符串不受影响。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:652 +msgid "Don't define the ``WITH_DOC_STRINGS`` macro." +msgstr "不定义 ``PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE`` 宏。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:654 +msgid "See the ``PyDoc_STRVAR()`` macro." +msgstr "参阅宏 ``PyDoc_STRVAR()`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:658 +msgid "Enable C-level code profiling with ``gprof`` (disabled by default)." +msgstr "用 ``gprof`` 启用 C 语言级的代码评估（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Add ``-fstrict-overflow`` to the C compiler flags (by default we add ``-fno-" +"strict-overflow`` instead)." +msgstr "" +"将 ``-fstrict-overflow`` 添加到 C 编译器旗标 (在默认情况下我们将添加 ``-fno-strict-overflow`` " +"来代替)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:669 +msgid "Python Debug Build" +msgstr "Python 调试级编译" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:671 +msgid "" +"A debug build is Python built with the :option:`--with-pydebug` configure " +"option." +msgstr "调试版本 Python 是指带有 :option:`--with-pydebug`  参数的编译。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:674 +msgid "Effects of a debug build:" +msgstr "调试版本的效果：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:676 +msgid "" +"Display all warnings by default: the list of default warning filters is " +"empty in the :mod:`warnings` module." +msgstr "默认显示所有警告：在 :mod:`warnings` 模块中，默认警告过滤器的列表是空的。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:678 +msgid "Add ``d`` to :data:`sys.abiflags`." +msgstr "在 :data:`sys.abiflags` 中加入 ``d`` 标记。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:679 +msgid "Add :func:`!sys.gettotalrefcount` function." +msgstr "加入 :func:`!sys.gettotalrefcount` 函数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:680 +msgid "Add :option:`-X showrefcount <-X>` command line option." +msgstr "命令行参数加入 :option:`-X showrefcount <-X>` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:681 +msgid "" +"Add :option:`-d` command line option and :envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` environment " +"variable to debug the parser." +msgstr "添加 :option:`-d` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONDEBUG` 环境变量用于调试解析器。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:683 +msgid "" +"Add support for the ``__lltrace__`` variable: enable low-level tracing in " +"the bytecode evaluation loop if the variable is defined." +msgstr "添加对 ``__lltrace__`` 变量的支持：如果定义了该变量则会在字节码求值循环中启用低层级追踪。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:685 +msgid "" +"Install :ref:`debug hooks on memory allocators ` " +"to detect buffer overflow and other memory errors." +msgstr "安装 :ref:`内存分配调试钩子 ` ，以便检测缓冲区溢出和其他内存错误。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:687 +msgid "Define ``Py_DEBUG`` and ``Py_REF_DEBUG`` macros." +msgstr "定义宏 ``Py_DEBUG`` 和 ``Py_REF_DEBUG`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:688 +msgid "" +"Add runtime checks: code surrounded by ``#ifdef Py_DEBUG`` and ``#endif``. " +"Enable ``assert(...)`` and ``_PyObject_ASSERT(...)`` assertions: don't set " +"the ``NDEBUG`` macro (see also the :option:`--with-assertions` configure " +"option). Main runtime checks:" +msgstr "" +"增加运行时检查：针对由 ``#ifdef Py_DEBUG`` 和 ``#endif`` 所包裹的代码。 启用 ``assert(...)`` 和 " +"``_PyObject_ASSERT(...)`` 断言：不设置 ``NDEBUG`` 宏（另请参阅 :option:`--with-" +"assertions` 配置选项）。 主要的运行时检查有:" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:693 +msgid "Add sanity checks on the function arguments." +msgstr "增加了对函数参数的合理性检查。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:694 +msgid "" +"Unicode and int objects are created with their memory filled with a pattern " +"to detect usage of uninitialized objects." +msgstr "创建 Unicode 和 int 对象时，内存按某种模式进行了填充，用于检测是否使用了未初始化的对象。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:696 +msgid "" +"Ensure that functions which can clear or replace the current exception are " +"not called with an exception raised." +msgstr "确保有能力清除或替换当前异常的函数在调用时不会引发异常。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:698 +msgid "Check that deallocator functions don't change the current exception." +msgstr "检查内存释放器函数是否不改变当前异常。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:699 +msgid "" +"The garbage collector (:func:`gc.collect` function) runs some basic checks " +"on objects consistency." +msgstr "垃圾收集器（:func:`gc.collect` 函数）对对象的一致性进行一些基本检查。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:701 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`!Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST()` macro checks for integer underflow and " +"overflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types." +msgstr "从较宽类型转换到较窄类型时，:c:macro:`!Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST()` 宏会检查整数下溢和上溢的情况。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:704 +msgid "" +"See also the :ref:`Python Development Mode ` and the " +":option:`--with-trace-refs` configure option." +msgstr "参见 :ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 和配置参数 :option:`--with-trace-refs` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:707 +msgid "" +"Release builds and debug builds are now ABI compatible: defining the " +"``Py_DEBUG`` macro no longer implies the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro (see the " +":option:`--with-trace-refs` option)." +msgstr "" +"发布构建版和调试构建版现在是 ABI 兼容的：定义了 ``Py_DEBUG`` 宏不再意味着同时定义了 ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` 宏（参见 " +":option:`--with-trace-refs` 选项）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:714 +msgid "Debug options" +msgstr "调试选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:718 +msgid "" +":ref:`Build Python in debug mode `: define the ``Py_DEBUG`` " +"macro (disabled by default)." +msgstr ":ref:`在调试模式下编译 Python `: 定义宏 ``Py_DEBUG`` (默认为禁用)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:723 +msgid "Enable tracing references for debugging purpose (disabled by default)." +msgstr "为了调试而启用引用的跟踪（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:727 +msgid "Define the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro." +msgstr "定义 ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` 宏。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:728 +msgid "Add :func:`sys.getobjects` function." +msgstr "加入 :func:`sys.getobjects` 函数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:729 +msgid "Add :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable." +msgstr "环境变量加入 :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:731 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable can be used to dump " +"objects and reference counts still alive at Python exit." +msgstr ":envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` 环境变量可被用来转储在 Python 退出时仍然存活的对象和引用计数。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:734 +msgid ":ref:`Statically allocated objects ` are not traced." +msgstr ":ref:`静态分配的对象 ` 将不会被追踪。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:738 +msgid "" +"This build is now ABI compatible with release build and :ref:`debug build " +"`." +msgstr "此构建版现在与发布构建版和 :ref:`调试构建版 ` 是 ABI 兼容的。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:744 +msgid "" +"Build with C assertions enabled (default is no): ``assert(...);`` and " +"``_PyObject_ASSERT(...);``." +msgstr "编译时启用 C 断言：``assert(...);`` 和 ``_PyObject_ASSERT(...);`` （默认不启用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:747 +msgid "" +"If set, the ``NDEBUG`` macro is not defined in the :envvar:`OPT` compiler " +"variable." +msgstr "如果设置此参数，则在 :envvar:`OPT` 编译器变量中不定义 ``NDEBUG`` 宏。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:750 +msgid "" +"See also the :option:`--with-pydebug` option (:ref:`debug build `) which also enables assertions." +msgstr "参阅 :option:`--with-pydebug` 选项（:ref:`调试编译模式 `），它也可以启用断言。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:757 +msgid "Enable Valgrind support (default is no)." +msgstr "启用 Valgrind （默认禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:761 +msgid "Enable DTrace support (default is no)." +msgstr "启用 DTrace（默认禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:763 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap " +"`." +msgstr "参阅 :ref:`用 DTrace 和 SystemTap 测试 CPython `。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:770 +msgid "" +"Enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector, ``asan`` (default is no)." +msgstr "启用 AddressSanitizer 内存错误检测 ``asan``，（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:776 +msgid "" +"Enable MemorySanitizer allocation error detector, ``msan`` (default is no)." +msgstr "启用 MemorySanitizer 内存错误检测 ``msan``，（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:782 +msgid "" +"Enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer undefined behaviour detector, ``ubsan`` " +"(default is no)." +msgstr "启用 undefinedBehaviorSanitizer 未定义行为检测 ``ubsan``，（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:789 +msgid "Enable ThreadSanitizer data race detector, ``tsan`` (default is no)." +msgstr "启用 ThreadSanitizer 数据竞争检测器，``tsan`` (默认为否）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:800 +msgid "" +"Enable building a shared Python library: ``libpython`` (default is no)." +msgstr "启用共享 Python 库 ``libpython`` 的编译（默认为禁用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:804 +msgid "" +"Do not build ``libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a`` and do not install ``python.o`` " +"(built and enabled by default)." +msgstr "不编译 ``libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a``，也不安装 ``python.o`` (默认会编译并安装)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:811 +msgid "Libraries options" +msgstr "库选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:815 +msgid "Link against additional libraries (default is no)." +msgstr "链接附加库（默认不会）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:819 +msgid "" +"Build the :mod:`!pyexpat` module using an installed ``expat`` library " +"(default is no)." +msgstr "用已安装的 ``expat`` 库编译 :mod:`!pyexpat` 模块（默认为否）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:824 +msgid "" +"Build the ``_decimal`` extension module using an installed ``mpdecimal`` " +"library, see the :mod:`decimal` module (default is yes)." +msgstr "" +"使用已安装的 ``mpdecimal`` 库来构建 ``_decimal`` 扩展模块，参见 :mod:`decimal` 模块（默认为是）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:829 +msgid "Default to using the installed ``mpdecimal`` library." +msgstr "默认为使用已安装的 ``mpdecimal`` 库。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:832 +msgid "" +"A copy of the ``mpdecimal`` library sources will no longer be distributed " +"with Python 3.15." +msgstr "``mpdecimal`` 库源代码的副本将不再随 Python 3.15 一起分发。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:836 +msgid ":option:`LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS` and :option:`LIBMPDEC_LIBS`." +msgstr ":option:`LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS` 和 :option:`LIBMPDEC_LIBS`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:840 +msgid "Designate a backend library for the :mod:`readline` module." +msgstr "为 :mod:`readline` 模块指定一个后端库。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:842 +msgid "readline: Use readline as the backend." +msgstr "readline: 使用 readline 作为后端。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:843 +msgid "editline: Use editline as the backend." +msgstr "editline: 使用 editline 作为后端。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:849 +msgid "Don't build the :mod:`readline` module (built by default)." +msgstr "不编译 :mod:`readline` 模块（默认会）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:851 +msgid "Don't define the ``HAVE_LIBREADLINE`` macro." +msgstr "不定义 ``HAVE_LIBREADLINE`` 宏。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:857 +msgid "" +"Override ``libm`` math library to *STRING* (default is system-dependent)." +msgstr "将 ``libm`` 数学库覆盖为 *STRING* (默认情况视系统而定)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:861 +msgid "Override ``libc`` C library to *STRING* (default is system-dependent)." +msgstr "将 ``libc`` C 库覆盖为 *STRING* (默认情况视系统而定)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:865 +msgid "Root of the OpenSSL directory." +msgstr "OpenSSL 的根目录。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:871 +msgid "Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries:" +msgstr "设置 OpenSSL 库的运行时库目录（rpath）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:873 +msgid "``no`` (default): don't set rpath;" +msgstr "``no`` (默认): 不设置 rpath。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:874 +msgid "" +"``auto``: auto-detect rpath from :option:`--with-openssl` and ``pkg-" +"config``;" +msgstr "``auto``：根据 :option:`--with-openssl` 和 ``pkg-config`` 自动检测 rpath。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:876 +msgid "*DIR*: set an explicit rpath." +msgstr "*DIR* ：直接设置 rpath。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:882 +msgid "Security Options" +msgstr "安全性选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:886 +msgid "Select hash algorithm for use in ``Python/pyhash.c``:" +msgstr "选择 ``Python/pyhash.c`` 采用的哈希算法。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:888 +msgid "``siphash13`` (default);" +msgstr "``siphash13`` (默认值);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:889 +msgid "``siphash24``;" +msgstr "``siphash24``;" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:890 +msgid "``fnv``." +msgstr "``fnv``." + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:894 +msgid "``siphash13`` is added and it is the new default." +msgstr "增加了 ``siphash13`` 并且是新的默认值。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:899 +msgid "Built-in hash modules:" +msgstr "内置哈希模块：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:901 +msgid "``md5``;" +msgstr "``md5``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:902 +msgid "``sha1``;" +msgstr "``sha1``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:903 +msgid "``sha256``;" +msgstr "``sha256``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:904 +msgid "``sha512``;" +msgstr "``sha512``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:905 +msgid "``sha3`` (with shake);" +msgstr "``sha3`` (带 shake)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:906 +msgid "``blake2``." +msgstr "``blake2``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:912 +msgid "Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string:" +msgstr "覆盖 OpenSSL 默认的密码套件字符串。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:914 +msgid "``python`` (default): use Python's preferred selection;" +msgstr "``python`` (默认值): 采用 Python 推荐选择。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:915 +msgid "``openssl``: leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched;" +msgstr "``openssl``：保留 OpenSSL 默认值不动。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:916 +msgid "*STRING*: use a custom string" +msgstr "*STRING* ：采用自定义字符串。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:918 +msgid "See the :mod:`ssl` module." +msgstr "参见 :mod:`ssl`  模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:924 +msgid "" +"The settings ``python`` and *STRING* also set TLS 1.2 as minimum protocol " +"version." +msgstr "设置 ``python`` 和 *STRING* 也会把 TLS 1.2 设为最低版本的协议。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:928 +msgid "macOS Options" +msgstr "macOS 选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:930 +msgid "See :source:`Mac/README.rst`." +msgstr "参见 :source:`Mac/README.rst`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Create a universal binary build. *SDKDIR* specifies which macOS SDK should " +"be used to perform the build (default is no)." +msgstr "创建通用的二进制版本。*SDKDIR* 指定应采用的 macOS SDK （默认为否）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:941 +msgid "" +"Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install. Optional " +"*INSTALLDIR* specifies the installation path (default is no)." +msgstr "" +"创建 Python.framework ，而不是传统的 Unix 安装版。可选参数 *INSTALLDIR* 指定了安装路径（(默认为否）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:946 +msgid "" +"Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option is " +"only valid when :option:`--enable-universalsdk` is set." +msgstr "指定应创建何种通用二进制文件。该选项仅当设置了 :option:`--enable-universalsdk` 时才有效。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:949 +msgid "Options:" +msgstr "可选项：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:951 +msgid "``universal2`` (x86-64 and arm64);" +msgstr "``universal2`` (x86-64 和 arm64);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:952 +msgid "``32-bit`` (PPC and i386);" +msgstr "``32-bit`` (PPC 和 i386);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:953 +msgid "``64-bit`` (PPC64 and x86-64);" +msgstr "``64-bit`` (PPC64 和 x86-64);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:954 +msgid "``3-way`` (i386, PPC and x86-64);" +msgstr "``3-way`` (i386, PPC 和 x86-64);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:955 +msgid "``intel`` (i386 and x86-64);" +msgstr "``intel`` (i386 和 x86-64);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:956 +msgid "``intel-32`` (i386);" +msgstr "``intel-32`` (i386);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:957 +msgid "``intel-64`` (x86-64);" +msgstr "``intel-64`` (x86-64);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:958 +msgid "``all`` (PPC, i386, PPC64 and x86-64)." +msgstr "``all`` (PPC, i386, PPC64 和 x86-64)." + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:960 +msgid "" +"Note that values for this configuration item are *not* the same as the " +"identifiers used for universal binary wheels on macOS. See the Python " +"Packaging User Guide for details on the `packaging platform compatibility " +"tags used on macOS " +"`_" +msgstr "" +"请注意此配置项的值 *不同于* 在 macOS 上被用作通用二进制 wheel 的标识符。 请参阅 Python 打包用户指南了解有关 `在 macOS" +" 上使用的打包平台兼容性标签 " +"`_ 的详情" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:968 +msgid "" +"Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when " +":option:`--enable-framework` is set (default: ``Python``)." +msgstr "" +"为 macOS 中的 python 框架指定名称，仅当设置了 :option:`--enable-framework` " +"时有效（默认：``Python``）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:974 +msgid "" +"The Python standard library contains strings that are known to trigger " +"automated inspection tool errors when submitted for distribution by the " +"macOS and iOS App Stores. If enabled, this option will apply the list of " +"patches that are known to correct app store compliance. A custom patch file " +"can also be specified. This option is disabled by default." +msgstr "" +"Python 标准库包含已知的当提交给 macOS 和 iOS 应用商店进行发布时会触发自动检查工具错误的字符串。 " +"如果启用，该选项将应用已知可纠正应用商店合规性的补丁列表。 也可以指定自定义补丁文件。 在默认情况下将禁用此选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:983 +msgid "iOS Options" +msgstr "iOS 选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:985 +msgid "See :source:`iOS/README.rst`." +msgstr "参见 :source:`iOS/README.rst`。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:989 +msgid "" +"Create a Python.framework. Unlike macOS, the *INSTALLDIR* argument " +"specifying the installation path is mandatory." +msgstr "创建一个 Python 框架。 不同于 macOS，指定安装路径的 *INSTALLDIR* 参数是强制性的。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:994 +msgid "Specify the name for the framework (default: ``Python``)." +msgstr "指定框架的名称 (默认名称: ``Python``)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:998 +msgid "Cross Compiling Options" +msgstr "交叉编译选项" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"Cross compiling, also known as cross building, can be used to build Python " +"for another CPU architecture or platform. Cross compiling requires a Python " +"interpreter for the build platform. The version of the build Python must " +"match the version of the cross compiled host Python." +msgstr "" +"交叉编译，或称交叉构建，可被用于为不同的 CPU 架构或平台构建 Python。 交叉编译需要一个针对构建平台的 Python 解释器。 构建的 " +"Python 版本必须与交叉编译的主机 Python 版本相匹配。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"configure for building on BUILD, usually guessed by :program:`config.guess`." +msgstr "用于在 BUILD 上执行构建的配置，通常由 :program:`config.guess` 通过推测得到。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1011 +msgid "cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST (target platform)" +msgstr "交叉编译以构建在 HOST (目标平台) 上运行的程序" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1015 +msgid "path to build ``python`` binary for cross compiling" +msgstr "针对交叉编译构建 ``python`` 二进制文件的路径" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1021 +msgid "" +"An environment variable that points to a file with configure overrides." +msgstr "指向一个带有配置重载的的文件的环境变量。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1023 +msgid "Example *config.site* file:" +msgstr "示例 *config.site* 文件：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"# config.site-aarch64\n" +"ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no\n" +"ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes\n" +"ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no" +msgstr "" +"# config.site-aarch64\n" +"ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no\n" +"ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes\n" +"ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1034 +msgid "Program to run CPython for the host platform for cross-compilation." +msgstr "用于针对交叉编译主机平台的运行 CPython 的程序。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1039 +msgid "Cross compiling example::" +msgstr "交叉编译示例::" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"CONFIG_SITE=config.site-aarch64 ../configure \\\n" +" --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu \\\n" +" --host=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \\\n" +" --with-build-python=../x86_64/python" +msgstr "" +"CONFIG_SITE=config.site-aarch64 ../configure \\\n" +" --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu \\\n" +" --host=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \\\n" +" --with-build-python=../x86_64/python" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1048 +msgid "Python Build System" +msgstr "Python 构建系统" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1051 +msgid "Main files of the build system" +msgstr "构建系统的主要文件" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1053 +msgid ":file:`configure.ac` => :file:`configure`;" +msgstr ":file:`configure.ac` => :file:`configure`;" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1054 +msgid "" +":file:`Makefile.pre.in` => :file:`Makefile` (created by :file:`configure`);" +msgstr ":file:`Makefile.pre.in` => :file:`Makefile` (由 :file:`configure` 创建);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1055 +msgid ":file:`pyconfig.h` (created by :file:`configure`);" +msgstr ":file:`pyconfig.h` (由 :file:`configure` 创建);" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1056 +msgid "" +":file:`Modules/Setup`: C extensions built by the Makefile using " +":file:`Module/makesetup` shell script;" +msgstr "" +":file:`Modules/Setup`: 由Makefile 使用 :file:`Module/makesetup` shell 脚本构建的 C " +"扩展;" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1060 +msgid "Main build steps" +msgstr "主要构建步骤" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1062 +msgid "C files (``.c``) are built as object files (``.o``)." +msgstr "C文件（ ``.c`` ）是作为对象文件（ ``.o`` ）构建的。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1063 +msgid "A static ``libpython`` library (``.a``) is created from objects files." +msgstr "一个静态库 ``libpython`` （ ``.a`` ）是由对象文件创建的。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"``python.o`` and the static ``libpython`` library are linked into the final " +"``python`` program." +msgstr "``python.o`` 和静态库 ``libpython`` 被链接到最终程序 ``python`` 中。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1066 +msgid "C extensions are built by the Makefile (see :file:`Modules/Setup`)." +msgstr "C 扩展是由 Makefile 构建的 (参见 :file:`Modules/Setup`)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1069 +msgid "Main Makefile targets" +msgstr "主要 Makefile 目标" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1072 +msgid "make" +msgstr "make" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"For the most part, when rebuilding after editing some code or refreshing " +"your checkout from upstream, all you need to do is execute ``make``, which " +"(per Make's semantics) builds the default target, the first one defined in " +"the Makefile. By tradition (including in the CPython project) this is " +"usually the ``all`` target. The ``configure`` script expands an ``autoconf``" +" variable, ``@DEF_MAKE_ALL_RULE@`` to describe precisely which targets " +"``make all`` will build. The three choices are:" +msgstr "" +"对于大部分情况来说，当编译某段代码或从上游刷新你的签出内容之后重新构建时，你需要做的就是执行 ``make``，它（按照 Make " +"的语义）将构建默认目标，即在 Makefile 中定义的第一个目标。 在传统上（包括在 CPython 项目中）这通常为 ``all`` 目标。 " +"``configure`` 脚本将扩展一个 ``autoconf`` 变量 ``@DEF_MAKE_ALL_RULE@`` 来准确地描述 ``make " +"all`` 将构建哪个目标。 有如下三个选择：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1083 +msgid "``profile-opt`` (configured with ``--enable-optimizations``)" +msgstr "``profile-opt`` (使用 ``--enable-optimizations`` 配置)" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1084 +msgid "``build_wasm`` (configured with ``--with-emscripten-target``)" +msgstr "``build_wasm`` (使用 ``--with-emscripten-target`` 配置)" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1085 +msgid "" +"``build_all`` (configured without explicitly using either of the others)" +msgstr "``build_all`` (不显式地使用任何其他配置)" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"Depending on the most recent source file changes, Make will rebuild any " +"targets (object files and executables) deemed out-of-date, including running" +" ``configure`` again if necessary. Source/target dependencies are many and " +"maintained manually however, so Make sometimes doesn't have all the " +"information necessary to correctly detect all targets which need to be " +"rebuilt. Depending on which targets aren't rebuilt, you might experience a " +"number of problems. If you have build or test problems which you can't " +"otherwise explain, ``make clean && make`` should work around most dependency" +" problems, at the expense of longer build times." +msgstr "" +"根据最近的源文件更改，Make 将重新构建任何尚未被更新的目标（对象文件和可执行文件），包括在必要时再次运行 ``configure``。 " +"不过源/目标的依赖项数量很多并且是手动维护的，因此 Make 有时并没有所需的全部信息来正确地检测所有需要重新构建的目标。 " +"根据尚未被重新构建的目标的具体情况，你可能会遇到许多问题。 如果你有无法确定原理的构建或测试问题，``make clean && make`` " +"应该能够解决大多数依赖问题，代价则是会耗费更多的时间来构建。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1100 +msgid "make platform" +msgstr "make platform" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"Build the ``python`` program, but don't build the standard library extension" +" modules. This generates a file named ``platform`` which contains a single " +"line describing the details of the build platform, e.g., " +"``macosx-14.3-arm64-3.12`` or ``linux-x86_64-3.13``." +msgstr "" +"构建 ``python`` 程序，但不构造标准库扩展模块。 这将生成一个名为 ``platform`` " +"的文件，其中只包含一行描述构建平台详细信息的文本，例如 ``macosx-14.3-arm64-3.12`` 或 " +"``linux-x86_64-3.13``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1109 +msgid "make profile-opt" +msgstr "make profile-opt" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"Build Python using profile-guided optimization (PGO). You can use the " +"configure :option:`--enable-optimizations` option to make this the default " +"target of the ``make`` command (``make all`` or just ``make``)." +msgstr "" +"使用 profile-guided optimization (PGO) 构建 Python。 你可以使用 :option:`--enable-" +"optimizations` 配置选项来使其成为 ``make`` 命令的默认目标（即对应 ``make all`` 或更简洁的 ``make`` " +"命令）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1119 +msgid "make clean" +msgstr "make clean" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1121 +msgid "Remove built files." +msgstr "移除已构建文件。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1125 +msgid "make distclean" +msgstr "make distclean" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"In addition to the work done by ``make clean``, remove files created by the " +"configure script. ``configure`` will have to be run before building again. " +"[#]_" +msgstr "" +"在 ``make clean`` 所做的工作之外，还移除由配置脚本所创建的文件。 再次构建之前将需要运行 ``configure``。 [#]_" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1133 +msgid "make install" +msgstr "make install" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1135 +msgid "Build the ``all`` target and install Python." +msgstr "构建 ``all`` 目标并安装 Python。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1139 +msgid "make test" +msgstr "make test" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1141 +msgid "" +"Build the ``all`` target and run the Python test suite with the ``--fast-" +"ci`` option. Variables:" +msgstr "构建 ``all`` 目标并附带 ``--fast-ci`` 选项运行 Python 测试套件。 相关变量：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1144 +msgid "``TESTOPTS``: additional regrtest command-line options." +msgstr "``TESTOPTS``: 额外的回归测试命令行选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1145 +msgid "``TESTPYTHONOPTS``: additional Python command-line options." +msgstr "``TESTPYTHONOPTS``: 额外的 Python 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1146 +msgid "``TESTTIMEOUT``: timeout in seconds (default: 10 minutes)." +msgstr "``TESTTIMEOUT``: 超时限制（默认值：10 分钟）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1150 +msgid "make buildbottest" +msgstr "make buildbottest" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1152 +msgid "" +"This is similar to ``make test``, but uses the ``--slow-ci`` option and " +"default timeout of 20 minutes, instead of ``--fast-ci`` option." +msgstr "" +"这与 ``make test`` 类似，但会使用默认超时限制为 20 分钟的 ``--slow-ci`` 选项，而不是 ``--fast-ci`` " +"选项。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1157 +msgid "make regen-all" +msgstr "make regen-all" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1159 +msgid "" +"Regenerate (almost) all generated files. These include (but are not limited " +"to) bytecode cases, and parser generator file. ``make regen-stdlib-module-" +"names`` and ``autoconf`` must be run separately for the remaining `generated" +" files <#generated-files>`_." +msgstr "" +"重新生成（几乎）所有的已生成文件。 这包括（但不限于）字节码用例，以及解析器生成器文件。 对于其余的 `已生成文件 <#generated-" +"files>`_ 必须分别运行 ``make regen-stdlib-module-names`` 和 ``autoconf``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1166 +msgid "C extensions" +msgstr "C 扩展" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like the ``sys`` module. " +"They are built with the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN`` macro defined. Built-in " +"modules have no ``__file__`` attribute:" +msgstr "" +"有些 C 扩展是作为内置模块构建的，比如 ``sys`` 模块。 它们在定义了 ``Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN`` 宏的情况下构建。 " +"内置模块没有 ``__file__`` 属性：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1172 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys\n" +"\n" +">>> sys.__file__\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys\n" +"\n" +">>> sys.__file__\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1182 +msgid "" +"Other C extensions are built as dynamic libraries, like the ``_asyncio`` " +"module. They are built with the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` macro defined. " +"Example on Linux x86-64:" +msgstr "" +"其他 C 扩展是作为动态库来构建的，比如 ``_asyncio`` 模块。 它们在定义了 ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` " +"宏的情况下构建。 在 Linux x86-64 上的例子：" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1186 +msgid "" +">>> import _asyncio\n" +">>> _asyncio\n" +"\n" +">>> _asyncio.__file__\n" +"'/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'" +msgstr "" +">>> import _asyncio\n" +">>> _asyncio\n" +"\n" +">>> _asyncio.__file__\n" +"'/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1194 +msgid "" +":file:`Modules/Setup` is used to generate Makefile targets to build C " +"extensions. At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as built-" +"in modules. Extensions defined after the ``*shared*`` marker are built as " +"dynamic libraries." +msgstr "" +":file:`Modules/Setup` 用于生成 Makefile 目标，以构建 C 扩展。在文件的开头， C 被构建为内置模块。在标记 " +"``*shared*`` 之后定义的扩展被构建为动态库。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1198 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`!PyAPI_FUNC()`, :c:macro:`!PyAPI_DATA()` and " +":c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` macros of :file:`Include/exports.h` are defined " +"differently depending if the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` macro is defined:" +msgstr "" +"宏 :c:macro:`!PyAPI_FUNC()`, :c:macro:`!PyAPI_DATA()` 和 " +":c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC` 在 :file:`Include/exports.h` 中的定义将因是否定义了 " +"``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` 宏而不同:" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1202 +msgid "Use ``Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL`` if the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` is defined" +msgstr "如果 ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` 定义了，使用 ``Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1203 +msgid "Use ``Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL`` otherwise." +msgstr "否则使用 ``Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"If the ``Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN`` macro is used by mistake on a C extension " +"built as a shared library, its :samp:`PyInit_{xxx}()` function is not " +"exported, causing an :exc:`ImportError` on import." +msgstr "" +"如果宏 ``Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN`` 被错误地用在作为共享库构建的 C 扩展上，它的 :samp:`PyInit_{xxx}()`" +" 函数就不会被导出，导致导入时出现 :exc:`ImportError` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1211 +msgid "Compiler and linker flags" +msgstr "编译器和链接器的标志" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"Options set by the ``./configure`` script and environment variables and used" +" by ``Makefile``." +msgstr "脚本 ``./configure`` 和环境变量设置的选项，并被 ``Makefile`` 使用。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1217 +msgid "Preprocessor flags" +msgstr "预处理器的标志" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"Value of :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script." +msgstr "变量 :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` 的值被传递给 ``./configure`` 脚本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"(Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. :samp:`-I{include_dir}` if you " +"have headers in a nonstandard directory *include_dir*." +msgstr "" +"(Objective) C/C++ 预处理器标志，例如，如果头文件位于非标准的目录 *include_dir* 中，请使用 " +":samp:`-I{include_dir}` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1230 ../../using/configure.rst:1420 +msgid "" +"Both :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` and :envvar:`LDFLAGS` need to contain the shell's " +"value to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified " +"in the environment variables." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`CPPFLAGS` 和 :envvar:`LDFLAGS` 都需要包含 shell 的值以便能够使用环境变量中指定的目录构建扩展模块。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object files." +msgstr "为构建解释器对象文件增加了额外的预处理器标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1242 +msgid "" +"Default: ``$(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) " +"$(CPPFLAGS)``." +msgstr "" +"默认为： ``$(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) " +"$(CPPFLAGS)`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1247 +msgid "Compiler flags" +msgstr "编译器标志" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1253 +msgid "Example: ``gcc -pthread``." +msgstr "例如： ``gcc -pthread`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1257 +msgid "C++ compiler command." +msgstr "C++ 编译器指令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1259 +msgid "Example: ``g++ -pthread``." +msgstr "例如： ``g++ -pthread`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1267 +msgid "" +":envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST` is used for building the interpreter and stdlib C " +"extensions. Use it when a compiler flag should *not* be part of " +":envvar:`CFLAGS` once Python is installed (:gh:`65320`)." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST` 用于构建解释器和 stdlib C 扩展。 一旦装好 Python 则当某个编译器旗标 *不应* 成为 " +":envvar:`CFLAGS` 的一部分时将可使用它 (:gh:`65320`)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1271 +msgid "In particular, :envvar:`CFLAGS` should not contain:" +msgstr "特别地，:envvar:`CFLAGS` 不应当包含:" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1273 +msgid "" +"the compiler flag ``-I`` (for setting the search path for include files). " +"The ``-I`` flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in " +":envvar:`CFLAGS` would take precedence over user- and package-supplied " +"``-I`` flags." +msgstr "" +"编译器旗标 ``-I`` (用于为包括文件设置搜索路径)。 ``-I`` 旗标将按从左到右的顺序处理，并且 :envvar:`CFLAGS` " +"中的任何旗标都将优先于 user- 和 package- 层级所提供的 ``-I`` 旗标。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"hardening flags such as ``-Werror`` because distributions cannot control " +"whether packages installed by users conform to such heightened standards." +msgstr "加固旗标如 ``-Werror`` 因为分发版无法控制由用户安装的包是否符合这样的高标准。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"Options passed to the :mod:`compileall` command line when building PYC files" +" in ``make install``. Default: ``-j0``." +msgstr "" +"当在 ``make install`` 中构建 PYC 文件时传给 :mod:`compileall` 命令行的选项。 默认值: ``-j0``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1293 +msgid "Extra C compiler flags." +msgstr "而外的 C 编译器指令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1297 +msgid "" +"Value of :envvar:`CFLAGS` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script." +msgstr "变量 :envvar:`CFLAGS` 的值传递给 ``./configure`` 脚本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1304 +msgid "" +"Value of :envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST` variable passed to the ``./configure`` " +"script." +msgstr "变量 :envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST` 的值传递给 ``./configure`` 脚本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1311 +msgid "Base compiler flags." +msgstr "基础编译器标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1315 +msgid "Optimization flags." +msgstr "优化标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1319 +msgid "Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compile ``Python/dtoa.c``." +msgstr "严格或不严格的别名标志，用于编译 ``Python/dtoa.c`` 、" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1325 +msgid "Compiler flags used to build a shared library." +msgstr "用于构建共享库的编译器标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1327 +msgid "For example, ``-fPIC`` is used on Linux and on BSD." +msgstr "例如， ``-fPIC`` 在 Linux 和 BSD 上使用。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1331 +msgid "Extra C flags added for building the interpreter object files." +msgstr "为构建解释器对象文件增加了额外的 C 标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"Default: ``$(CCSHARED)`` when :option:`--enable-shared` is used, or an empty" +" string otherwise." +msgstr "，默认为： ``$(CCSHARED)`` ，当 :option:`--enable-shared` 被使用时，则为空字符串" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1338 +msgid "" +"Default: ``$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) " +"$(EXTRA_CFLAGS)``." +msgstr "" +"默认为： ``$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)`` " +"。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1342 +msgid "" +"Default: ``$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) " +"-I$(srcdir)/Include/internal``." +msgstr "" +"默认为： ``$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) " +"-I$(srcdir)/Include/internal`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1348 +msgid "C flags used for building the interpreter object files." +msgstr "用于构建解释器对象文件的 C 标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"Default: ``$(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS) " +"$(CFLAGSFORSHARED)``." +msgstr "" +"默认为： ``$(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGSFORSHARED)``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1356 +msgid "Default: ``$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE``." +msgstr "默认为 ``$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a built-in " +"module, like the :mod:`posix` module." +msgstr "编译器标志，将标准库的扩展模块作为内置模块来构建，如 :mod:`posix` 模块" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1365 +msgid "Default: ``$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN``." +msgstr "默认为： ``$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1371 +msgid "Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program." +msgstr "Purify 命令。 Purify 是一个内存调试程序。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1373 +msgid "Default: empty string (not used)." +msgstr "默认为：空字符串（不使用）。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1377 +msgid "Linker flags" +msgstr "链接器标志位" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"Linker command used to build programs like ``python`` and ``_testembed``." +msgstr "用于构建如 ``python`` 和 ``_testembed`` 的程序的链接器命令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1383 +msgid "Default: ``$(PURIFY) $(CC)``." +msgstr "默认值: ``$(PURIFY) $(CC)``。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1387 +msgid "" +"Value of :envvar:`LDFLAGS` variable passed to the ``./configure`` script." +msgstr "变量 :envvar:`LDFLAGS` 的值被传递给 ``./configure`` 脚本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1389 +msgid "" +"Avoid assigning :envvar:`CFLAGS`, :envvar:`LDFLAGS`, etc. so users can use " +"them on the command line to append to these values without stomping the pre-" +"set values." +msgstr "" +"避免指定 :envvar:`CFLAGS` ， :envvar:`LDFLAGS` " +"等，这样用户就可以在命令行上使用它们来追加这些值，而不用触碰到预设的值。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1397 +msgid "" +":envvar:`LDFLAGS_NODIST` is used in the same manner as " +":envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST`. Use it when a linker flag should *not* be part of " +":envvar:`LDFLAGS` once Python is installed (:gh:`65320`)." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`LDFLAGS_NODIST` 的使用方式与 :envvar:`CFLAGS_NODIST` 相同。 一旦装好 Python " +"则当某个链接器旗标 *不应* 成为 :envvar:`LDFLAGS` 的一部分时将可使用它 (:gh:`65320`)。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1401 +msgid "In particular, :envvar:`LDFLAGS` should not contain:" +msgstr "特别地，:envvar:`LDFLAGS` 不应当包含:" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1403 +msgid "" +"the compiler flag ``-L`` (for setting the search path for libraries). The " +"``-L`` flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in " +":envvar:`LDFLAGS` would take precedence over user- and package-supplied " +"``-L`` flags." +msgstr "" +"编译器旗标 ``-L`` (用于为库设置搜索路径)。 ``-L`` 旗标将按从左到右的顺序处理，并且 :envvar:`LDFLAGS` " +"中的任何旗标都将优先于 user- 和 package 层级所提供的 ``-L`` 旗标。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"Value of :envvar:`LDFLAGS_NODIST` variable passed to the ``./configure`` " +"script." +msgstr "变量 :envvar:`LDFLAGS_NODIST` 的值传递给 ``./configure`` 脚本。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"Linker flags, e.g. :samp:`-L{lib_dir}` if you have libraries in a " +"nonstandard directory *lib_dir*." +msgstr "链接器标志，例如，如果库位于非标准的目录 *lib_dir* 中，请使用 :samp:`-L{lib_dir}` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the Python " +"executable." +msgstr "链接器标志，在链接 Python 可执行文件时将库传递给链接器。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1429 +msgid "Example: ``-lrt``." +msgstr "例如： ``-lrt`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1433 +msgid "Command to build a shared library." +msgstr "构建一个共享库的命令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1435 +msgid "Default: ``@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)``." +msgstr "默认为： ``@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1439 +msgid "Command to build ``libpython`` shared library." +msgstr "构建共享库 ``libpython`` 的命令。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1441 +msgid "Default: ``@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)``." +msgstr "默认为： ``@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1445 +msgid "Default: ``$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)``." +msgstr "默认为： ``$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1449 +msgid "Default: ``$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST)``." +msgstr "默认为： ``$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST)`` 。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1455 +msgid "Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files." +msgstr "用于构建解释器对象文件的链接器标志。" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1461 +msgid "Footnotes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../using/configure.rst:1462 +msgid "" +"``git clean -fdx`` is an even more extreme way to \"clean\" your checkout. " +"It removes all files not known to Git. When bug hunting using ``git " +"bisect``, this is `recommended between probes " +"`_ " +"to guarantee a completely clean build. **Use with care**, as it will delete " +"all files not checked into Git, including your new, uncommitted work." +msgstr "" +"``git clean -fdx`` 是“清理”你的签出内容的更激进方式。 它将移除所有对 Git 来说未知的文件。 当使用 ``git " +"bisect`` 查找程序错误时，`推荐在多次探查之间 " +"`_ " +"执行此命令来确保完整的全新构建。 **请谨慎使用**，因为它将删除所有未签入 Git 的文件，包括你最新的、尚未提交的工作。" diff --git a/using/editors.po b/using/editors.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2966e8725 --- /dev/null +++ b/using/editors.po @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 志正 韩 <304292903@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/editors.rst:7 +msgid "Editors and IDEs" +msgstr "编辑器和集成开发环境" + +#: ../../using/editors.rst:9 +msgid "" +"There are a number of IDEs that support Python programming language. Many " +"editors and IDEs provide syntax highlighting, debugging tools, and :pep:`8` " +"checks." +msgstr "有很多支持Python编程语言的集成开发环境。大多数编辑器和集成开发环境支持语法高亮，调试工具和 :pep:`8` 检查。" + +#: ../../using/editors.rst:14 +msgid "IDLE --- Python editor and shell" +msgstr "IDLE --- Python 编辑器和 shell" + +#: ../../using/editors.rst:16 +msgid "" +"IDLE is Python’s Integrated Development and Learning Environment and is " +"generally bundled with Python installs. If you are on Linux and do not have " +"IDLE installed see :ref:`Installing IDLE on Linux " +"`. For more information see the :ref:`IDLE docs " +"`." +msgstr "" +"IDLE 是 Python 的集成开发和学习环境并通常会与 Python 安装版捆绑发布。 如果你在使用 Linux 并且尚未安装 IDLE 请参阅 " +":ref:`在 Linux 上安装 IDLE `。 更多信息请参阅 :ref:`IDLE 文档 " +"`。" + +#: ../../using/editors.rst:22 +msgid "Other Editors and IDEs" +msgstr "其他编辑器和 IDE" + +#: ../../using/editors.rst:24 +msgid "" +"Python's community wiki has information submitted by the community on " +"Editors and IDEs. Please go to `Python Editors " +"`_ and `Integrated Development " +"Environments " +"`_ for a " +"comprehensive list." +msgstr "" +"Python 的社区维基上有由社区成员提交的编辑器和 IDE 相关信息。 请访问 `Python 编辑器 " +"`_ 和 `集成开发环境 " +"`_ 以获取完整的列表。" diff --git a/using/index.po b/using/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..735bed40c --- /dev/null +++ b/using/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/index.rst:5 +msgid "Python Setup and Usage" +msgstr "Python安装和使用" + +#: ../../using/index.rst:8 +msgid "" +"This part of the documentation is devoted to general information on the " +"setup of the Python environment on different platforms, the invocation of " +"the interpreter and things that make working with Python easier." +msgstr "这一部分文档专门介绍关于在不同平台上设置Python环境、调用解释器以及让使用Python更容易的一些事情的有用信息。" diff --git a/using/ios.po b/using/ios.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a1d254a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/using/ios.po @@ -0,0 +1,789 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-14 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-05-11 01:08+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:5 +msgid "Using Python on iOS" +msgstr "在 iOS 上使用 Python" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:0 +msgid "Authors" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:8 +msgid "Russell Keith-Magee (2024-03)" +msgstr "Russell Keith-Magee (2024-03)" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Python on iOS is unlike Python on desktop platforms. On a desktop platform, " +"Python is generally installed as a system resource that can be used by any " +"user of that computer. Users then interact with Python by running a " +":program:`python` executable and entering commands at an interactive prompt," +" or by running a Python script." +msgstr "" +"在 iOS 上的 Python 不同于桌面平台上的 Python。 在桌面平台上，Python 通常是作为系统资源安装并可供该计算机上的任何用户使用。 " +"用户将通过运行 :program:`python` 可执行文件并在交互提示符下输入命令，或者通过运行 Python 脚本的方式与 Python " +"进行交互。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:16 +msgid "" +"On iOS, there is no concept of installing as a system resource. The only " +"unit of software distribution is an \"app\". There is also no console where " +"you could run a :program:`python` executable, or interact with a Python " +"REPL." +msgstr "" +"在 iOS，不存在作为系统资源安装种概念。 唯一的软件分发单元是 \"app\"。 也不存在可以让你运行 :program:`python` " +"可执行文件，或与 Python REPL 进行交互的控制台。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:20 +msgid "" +"As a result, the only way you can use Python on iOS is in embedded mode - " +"that is, by writing a native iOS application, and embedding a Python " +"interpreter using ``libPython``, and invoking Python code using the " +":ref:`Python embedding API `. The full Python interpreter, the " +"standard library, and all your Python code is then packaged as a standalone " +"bundle that can be distributed via the iOS App Store." +msgstr "" +"因此，你在 iOS 上使用 Python 的唯一方式是嵌入模式 —— 也就是说，通过编写原生的 iOS 应用，并使用 ``libPython`` " +"嵌入一个 Python 解释器，然后使用 :ref:`Python 嵌入式 API ` 来唤起 Python 代码。 完整的 " +"Python 解释器、标准库，以及所有 Python 代码都将被打包为可通过 iOS App Store 发布的独立软件包。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:27 +msgid "" +"If you're looking to experiment for the first time with writing an iOS app " +"in Python, projects such as `BeeWare `__ and `Kivy " +"`__ will provide a much more approachable user experience." +" These projects manage the complexities associated with getting an iOS " +"project running, so you only need to deal with the Python code itself." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要上手尝试以 Python 来编写 iOS app，像 `BeeWare `__ 和 `Kivy " +"`__ 这样的项目将提供更方便的用户体验。 这些项目能够管理支持 iOS 项目运行的相关复杂问题，这样你只需要处理 " +"Python 代码本身。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:34 +msgid "Python at runtime on iOS" +msgstr "iOS 上的 Python 运行时" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:37 +msgid "iOS version compatibility" +msgstr "iOS 版本兼容性" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:39 +msgid "" +"The minimum supported iOS version is specified at compile time, using the " +":option:`--host` option to ``configure``. By default, when compiled for iOS," +" Python will be compiled with a minimum supported iOS version of 13.0. To " +"use a different minimum iOS version, provide the version number as part of " +"the :option:`!--host` argument - for example, ``--host=arm64-apple-" +"ios15.4-simulator`` would compile an ARM64 simulator build with a deployment" +" target of 15.4." +msgstr "" +"受支持的最低 iOS 版本是在编译时指定的，对 ``configure`` 使用 :option:`--host` 选项。 在默认情况下，当针对 iOS" +" 编译时，Python 编译将设置受支持的最低 iOS 版本为 13.0。 我使用不同的最低 iOS 版本，请将版本号作为 :option:`!--" +"host` 参数的一部分提供 —— 例如，``--host=arm64-apple-ios15.4-simulator`` 将编译一份部署目标为 " +"15.4 的 ARM64 模拟器构建版。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:48 +msgid "Platform identification" +msgstr "平台识别" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:50 +msgid "" +"When executing on iOS, ``sys.platform`` will report as ``ios``. This value " +"will be returned on an iPhone or iPad, regardless of whether the app is " +"running on the simulator or a physical device." +msgstr "" +"当在 iOS 上执行时，``sys.platform`` 将报告为 ``ios``。 无论 app 是在模拟器还是物理设备上运行，都将在 iPhone " +"或 iPad 上返回该值。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:54 +msgid "" +"Information about the specific runtime environment, including the iOS " +"version, device model, and whether the device is a simulator, can be " +"obtained using :func:`platform.ios_ver`. :func:`platform.system` will report" +" ``iOS`` or ``iPadOS``, depending on the device." +msgstr "" +"有关特定运行时环境的信息，包括 iOS 版本、设备型号以及设备是否为模拟器，可使用 :func:`platform.ios_ver` 来获取。 " +":func:`platform.system` 将根据具体设备报告为 ``iOS`` 或 ``iPadOS``。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:59 +msgid "" +":func:`os.uname` reports kernel-level details; it will report a name of " +"``Darwin``." +msgstr ":func:`os.uname` 报告内核等级的详情；它将报告系统名称 ``Darwin``。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:63 +msgid "Standard library availability" +msgstr "标准库可用性" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The Python standard library has some notable omissions and restrictions on " +"iOS. See the :ref:`API availability guide for iOS ` for" +" details." +msgstr "" +"Python 标准库在standard library has some notable omissions and restrictions on " +"iOS 上有一点需要注意的缺失和限制。 请参阅 :ref:`针对 iOS 的 API 可用性指南 ` " +"了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:70 +msgid "Binary extension modules" +msgstr "二进制扩展模块" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:72 +msgid "" +"One notable difference about iOS as a platform is that App Store " +"distribution imposes hard requirements on the packaging of an application. " +"One of these requirements governs how binary extension modules are " +"distributed." +msgstr "" +"作为一个平台的 iOS 与别家的显著不同之处在于 App Store " +"分发机制对应用的打包方式设置了硬性要求。其中一项要求规定了应当如何分发二进制扩展模块。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:76 +msgid "" +"The iOS App Store requires that *all* binary modules in an iOS app must be " +"dynamic libraries, contained in a framework with appropriate metadata, " +"stored in the ``Frameworks`` folder of the packaged app. There can be only a" +" single binary per framework, and there can be no executable binary material" +" outside the ``Frameworks`` folder." +msgstr "" +"iOS App Store 要求 iOS app 中的 *所有* 二进制模块都必须为动态库，包含在具有适当元数据的框架中，保存于被打包 app 的 " +"``Frameworks`` 文件夹下。 每个框架只能有一个二进制模块，而在 ``Frameworks`` 文件夹之外不能有可执行的二进制文件。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:82 +msgid "" +"This conflicts with the usual Python approach for distributing binaries, " +"which allows a binary extension module to be loaded from any location on " +"``sys.path``. To ensure compliance with App Store policies, an iOS project " +"must post-process any Python packages, converting ``.so`` binary modules " +"into individual standalone frameworks with appropriate metadata and signing." +" For details on how to perform this post-processing, see the guide for " +":ref:`adding Python to your project `." +msgstr "" +"这与 Python 通常用于发布二进制文件的方式存在冲突，此方式允许从 ``sys.path`` 上的任何位置加载二进制扩展模块。 为确保符合 App " +"Store 的政策，iOS 项目必须对任何 Python 包进行后期处理，将 ``.so`` 二进制模块转换为具有适当元数据和签名的单个独立框架。 " +"有关如何执行后期处理的更多细节，请参阅 :ref:`将 Python 添加到你的项目 ` 指南。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:90 +msgid "" +"To help Python discover binaries in their new location, the original ``.so``" +" file on ``sys.path`` is replaced with a ``.fwork`` file. This file is a " +"text file containing the location of the framework binary, relative to the " +"app bundle. To allow the framework to resolve back to the original location," +" the framework must contain a ``.origin`` file that contains the location of" +" the ``.fwork`` file, relative to the app bundle." +msgstr "" +"为帮助 Python 在新位置中发现二进制文件，在 ``sys.path`` 中的原始 ``.so`` 文件将替换为 ``.fwork`` 文件。 " +"此文件是一个包含框架二进制文件相对于 app 捆绑包位置的文本文件。 为允许框架将其解析回原始位置，框架必须包含一个 ``.origin`` " +"文件，其中包含 ``.fwork`` 相对对 app 捆绑包的位置。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:97 +msgid "" +"For example, consider the case of an import ``from foo.bar import _whiz``, " +"where ``_whiz`` is implemented with the binary module " +"``sources/foo/bar/_whiz.abi3.so``, with ``sources`` being the location " +"registered on ``sys.path``, relative to the application bundle. This module " +"*must* be distributed as " +"``Frameworks/foo.bar._whiz.framework/foo.bar._whiz`` (creating the framework" +" name from the full import path of the module), with an ``Info.plist`` file " +"in the ``.framework`` directory identifying the binary as a framework. The " +"``foo.bar._whiz`` module would be represented in the original location with " +"a ``sources/foo/bar/_whiz.abi3.fwork`` marker file, containing the path " +"``Frameworks/foo.bar._whiz/foo.bar._whiz``. The framework would also contain" +" ``Frameworks/foo.bar._whiz.framework/foo.bar._whiz.origin``, containing the" +" path to the ``.fwork`` file." +msgstr "" +"例如，考虑导入 ``from foo.bar import _whiz`` 的情况，其中 ``_whiz`` 是使用二进制模块 " +"``sources/foo/bar/_whiz.abi3.so`` 实现的，这里 ``sources`` 是在 ``sys.path`` 中注册的相对于" +" app 包的位置。 此模块 *必须* 发布为 ``Frameworks/foo.bar._whiz.framework/foo.bar._whiz``" +" (根据模块的完整导入路径创建框架名称)，并通过 ``.framework`` 目录中的 ``Info.plist`` 文件将二进制文件标识为一个框架。" +" ``foo.bar._whiz`` 模块在原始位置中以一个 ``sources/foo/bar/_whiz.abi3.fwork`` " +"标记文件来代表，其中包含路径 ``Frameworks/foo.bar._whiz/foo.bar._whiz``。 该框架还要包含 " +"``Frameworks/foo.bar._whiz.framework/foo.bar._whiz.origin``，其中包含 ``.fwork`` " +"文件的路径。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:110 +msgid "" +"When running on iOS, the Python interpreter will install an " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.AppleFrameworkLoader` that is able to read and " +"import ``.fwork`` files. Once imported, the ``__file__`` attribute of the " +"binary module will report as the location of the ``.fwork`` file. However, " +"the :class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` for the loaded module will " +"report the ``origin`` as the location of the binary in the framework folder." +msgstr "" +"当在 iOS 上运行时，Python 解释器将安装一个能够读取并导入 ``.fwork`` 文件的 " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.AppleFrameworkLoader`。 一旦被导入，该二进制模块的 " +"``__file__`` 属性将报告为 ``.fwork`` 文件的位置。 不过，被加载模块的 " +":class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` 则会将 ``origin`` 报告为框架文件夹下的二进制文件的位置。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:118 +msgid "Compiler stub binaries" +msgstr "编译器存根二进制文件" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:120 +msgid "" +"Xcode doesn't expose explicit compilers for iOS; instead, it uses an " +"``xcrun`` script that resolves to a full compiler path (e.g., ``xcrun --sdk " +"iphoneos clang`` to get the ``clang`` for an iPhone device). However, using " +"this script poses two problems:" +msgstr "" +"Xcode 不会暴露针对 iOS 的显式编译器；作为替代，它会使用一个能解析出完整编译器路径的 ``xcrun`` 脚本 (例如，``xcrun " +"--sdk iphoneos clang`` 将获得针对 iPhone 设备的 ``clang``)。 不过，使用此脚本会导致两个问题：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:125 +msgid "" +"The output of ``xcrun`` includes paths that are machine specific, resulting " +"in a sysconfig module that cannot be shared between users; and" +msgstr "``xcrun`` 的输出包括特定机器专属的路径，这导致无法在用户之间共享 sysconfig 模块；并且" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:128 +msgid "" +"It results in ``CC``/``CPP``/``LD``/``AR`` definitions that include spaces. " +"There is a lot of C ecosystem tooling that assumes that you can split a " +"command line at the first space to get the path to the compiler executable; " +"this isn't the case when using ``xcrun``." +msgstr "" +"它会导致包括空格的 ``CC``/``CPP``/``LD``/``AR`` 定义。 有大量 C " +"生态系统工具假定你可以在第一个空格处拆分命令行来获取编译器可执行文件的路径；当使用 ``xcrun`` 这是不行的。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:133 +msgid "" +"To avoid these problems, Python provided stubs for these tools. These stubs " +"are shell script wrappers around the underingly ``xcrun`` tools, distributed" +" in a ``bin`` folder distributed alongside the compiled iOS framework. These" +" scripts are relocatable, and will always resolve to the appropriate local " +"system paths. By including these scripts in the bin folder that accompanies " +"a framework, the contents of the ``sysconfig`` module becomes useful for " +"end-users to compile their own modules. When compiling third-party Python " +"modules for iOS, you should ensure these stub binaries are on your path." +msgstr "" +"为避免这些问题，Python 提供了针对这些工具的程序段。 这些代码段是在下层 ``xcrun`` 工具之上的 shell " +"脚本包装器，发布在随同已编译的 iOS 框架一起分发的 ``bin`` 文件夹中。 这些脚本可以被重新调整位置，并且总是会解析到正确的本机系统路径。 " +"通过在配合框架的 bin 文件夹中包括这些脚本，``sysconfig`` 模块的内容将可适用于要编译他们自己的模块的最终用户。 在为 iOS " +"编译第三方 Python 模块时，你应当确保这些程序段二进制文件位于你的路径中。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:143 +msgid "Installing Python on iOS" +msgstr "在 iOS 上安装 Python" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:146 +msgid "Tools for building iOS apps" +msgstr "构建 iOS 应用程序的工具" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Building for iOS requires the use of Apple's Xcode tooling. It is strongly " +"recommended that you use the most recent stable release of Xcode. This will " +"require the use of the most (or second-most) recently released macOS " +"version, as Apple does not maintain Xcode for older macOS versions. The " +"Xcode Command Line Tools are not sufficient for iOS development; you need a " +"*full* Xcode install." +msgstr "" +"针对 iOS 构建需要使用 Apple 的 Xcode 工具集。 强烈建议你使用 Xcode 最新稳定发布版。 这将需要使用最新（或者次新）发布的 " +"macOS 版本，因为 Apple 不会为更旧的 macOS 版本维护 Xcode。 Xcode 命令行工具对于 iOS 开发来说是不够的；你需要 " +"*完整的* Xcode 安装版。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:155 +msgid "" +"If you want to run your code on the iOS simulator, you'll also need to " +"install an iOS Simulator Platform. You should be prompted to select an iOS " +"Simulator Platform when you first run Xcode. Alternatively, you can add an " +"iOS Simulator Platform by selecting from the Platforms tab of the Xcode " +"Settings panel." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要在 iOS 模拟器上运行你的代码，你还需要安装 iOS 模拟器平台。 当你首次运行 Xcode 应该会提示你选择一个 iOS 模拟器平台。 " +"或者，你也可以通过在 Settings 面板的 Platforms 选项卡中添加一个 iOS 模拟器平台。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:163 +msgid "Adding Python to an iOS project" +msgstr "在 iOS 项目中添加 Python" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Python can be added to any iOS project, using either Swift or Objective C. " +"The following examples will use Objective C; if you are using Swift, you may" +" find a library like `PythonKit `__ to" +" be helpful." +msgstr "" +"Python 可以被添加到任何 iOS 项目，不论它是使用 Swift 还是 Objective C。 下面的例子将使用 Objective " +"C；如果你是使用 Swift，你可能会发现 `PythonKit `__ " +"这样的库非常有用。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:170 +msgid "To add Python to an iOS Xcode project:" +msgstr "要在 iOS Xcode 项目中添加 Python：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Build or obtain a Python ``XCFramework``. See the instructions in " +":source:`iOS/README.rst` (in the CPython source distribution) for details on" +" how to build a Python ``XCFramework``. At a minimum, you will need a build " +"that supports ``arm64-apple-ios``, plus one of either ``arm64-apple-ios-" +"simulator`` or ``x86_64-apple-ios-simulator``." +msgstr "" +"构建或是获取一个 Python ``XCFramework``。 请参阅 :source:`iOS/README.rst` (在 CPython " +"源代码发布包中) 中的说明了解有关如何构建 Python ``XCFramework`` 的细节。 要满足最基本要求，你需要一个支持 " +"``arm64-apple-ios``，再加上 ``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` 或 ``x86_64-apple-ios-" +"simulator`` 之一的构建版。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:178 +msgid "" +"Drag the ``XCframework`` into your iOS project. In the following " +"instructions, we'll assume you've dropped the ``XCframework`` into the root " +"of your project; however, you can use any other location that you want by " +"adjusting paths as needed." +msgstr "" +"将 ``XCframework`` 拖到你的 iOS 项目中。 在下面的说明中，我们将假定你已将 ``XCframework`` " +"放到你的项目的根目录下；不过，你也可以通过按需调整路径来使用任何其他你想要的位置。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Drag the ``iOS/Resources/dylib-Info-template.plist`` file into your project," +" and ensure it is associated with the app target." +msgstr "" +"将 ``iOS/Resources/dylib-Info-template.plist`` 文件拖到你的项目中，并确保它已关联到 app 目标。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Add your application code as a folder in your Xcode project. In the " +"following instructions, we'll assume that your user code is in a folder " +"named ``app`` in the root of your project; you can use any other location by" +" adjusting paths as needed. Ensure that this folder is associated with your " +"app target." +msgstr "" +"将你的应用程序代码作为一个文件夹添加到你的 Xcode 项目中。 在下面的说明中，我们将假定你的用户代码位于你的项目中名为 ``app`` " +"的文件夹；你也可以通过按需调整路径来使用任何其他位置。 请确保该文件夹已关联到你的 app 目标。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Select the app target by selecting the root node of your Xcode project, then" +" the target name in the sidebar that appears." +msgstr "通过选择你的 Xcode 项目的根节点来选择 app 目标，然后在边栏中出现的目标名称进行选择。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:195 +msgid "" +"In the \"General\" settings, under \"Frameworks, Libraries and Embedded " +"Content\", add ``Python.xcframework``, with \"Embed & Sign\" selected." +msgstr "" +"在 \"General\" 设置中，在 \"Frameworks, Libraries and Embedded Content\" 之下，增加了 " +"``Python.xcframework``，并选中 \"Embed & Sign\"。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:198 +msgid "In the \"Build Settings\" tab, modify the following:" +msgstr "在\"构建设置\"选项卡中，修改以下内容：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:200 +msgid "Build Options" +msgstr "构建选项" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:202 +msgid "User Script Sandboxing: No" +msgstr "用户脚本沙盒：否" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:203 +msgid "Enable Testability: Yes" +msgstr "启用可测试性：是" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:205 +msgid "Search Paths" +msgstr "搜索路径" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:207 +msgid "Framework Search Paths: ``$(PROJECT_DIR)``" +msgstr "框架搜索路径： ``$(PROJECT_DIR)``" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Header Search Paths: ``\"$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/Python.framework/Headers\"``" +msgstr "头文件搜索路径： ``\"$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/Python.framework/Headers\"``" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:210 +msgid "Apple Clang - Warnings - All languages" +msgstr "Apple Clang - 警告 - 所有语言" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:212 +msgid "Quoted Include In Framework Header: No" +msgstr "引用包含在框架头文件中：否" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:214 +msgid "" +"Add a build step that copies the Python standard library into your app. In " +"the \"Build Phases\" tab, add a new \"Run Script\" build step *before* the " +"\"Embed Frameworks\" step, but *after* the \"Copy Bundle Resources\" step. " +"Name the step \"Install Target Specific Python Standard Library\", disable " +"the \"Based on dependency analysis\" checkbox, and set the script content " +"to:" +msgstr "" +"添加一个用于将 Python 标准库拷贝到你的 app 中的构建步骤。 在 \"Build Phases\" 选项卡中，在 \"Embed " +"Frameworks\" 步骤 *之前*，\"Copy Bundle Resources\" 步骤 *之后* 添加一个新的 \"Run Script\"" +" 构建步骤。 将该步骤命名为 \"Install Target Specific Python Standard Library\"，取消 " +"\"Based on dependency analysis\" 复选框，并将脚本内容设为：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:220 +msgid "" +"set -e\n" +"\n" +"mkdir -p \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib\"\n" +"if [ \"$EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME\" = \"-iphonesimulator\" ]; then\n" +" echo \"Installing Python modules for iOS Simulator\"\n" +" rsync -au --delete \"$PROJECT_DIR/Python.xcframework/ios-arm64_x86_64-simulator/lib/\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib/\"\n" +"else\n" +" echo \"Installing Python modules for iOS Device\"\n" +" rsync -au --delete \"$PROJECT_DIR/Python.xcframework/ios-arm64/lib/\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib/\"\n" +"fi" +msgstr "" +"set -e\n" +"\n" +"mkdir -p \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib\"\n" +"if [ \"$EFFECTIVE_PLATFORM_NAME\" = \"-iphonesimulator\" ]; then\n" +" echo \"Installing Python modules for iOS Simulator\"\n" +" rsync -au --delete \"$PROJECT_DIR/Python.xcframework/ios-arm64_x86_64-simulator/lib/\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib/\"\n" +"else\n" +" echo \"Installing Python modules for iOS Device\"\n" +" rsync -au --delete \"$PROJECT_DIR/Python.xcframework/ios-arm64/lib/\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib/\"\n" +"fi" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:233 +msgid "" +"Note that the name of the simulator \"slice\" in the XCframework may be " +"different, depending the CPU architectures your ``XCFramework`` supports." +msgstr "" +"请注意 XCframework 中的模拟器名称 \"slice\" 可能有所不同，具体取决于你的 ``XCFramework`` 所支持的 CPU " +"架构。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Add a second build step that processes the binary extension modules in the " +"standard library into \"Framework\" format. Add a \"Run Script\" build step " +"*directly after* the one you added in step 8, named \"Prepare Python Binary " +"Modules\". It should also have \"Based on dependency analysis\" unchecked, " +"with the following script content:" +msgstr "" +"再添加第二个用于将标准库中的二进制扩展模块处理为 \"Framework\" 格式的构建步骤。 紧随你在第 8 步添加的步骤 *之后立即* 添加一个 " +"\"Run Script\" 构建步骤，命名为 \"Prepare Python Binary Modules\"。 它应当取消选择 \"Based " +"on dependency analysis\"，并将脚本内容设为：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:242 +msgid "" +"set -e\n" +"\n" +"install_dylib () {\n" +" INSTALL_BASE=$1\n" +" FULL_EXT=$2\n" +"\n" +" # The name of the extension file\n" +" EXT=$(basename \"$FULL_EXT\")\n" +" # The location of the extension file, relative to the bundle\n" +" RELATIVE_EXT=${FULL_EXT#$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/}\n" +" # The path to the extension file, relative to the install base\n" +" PYTHON_EXT=${RELATIVE_EXT/$INSTALL_BASE/}\n" +" # The full dotted name of the extension module, constructed from the file path.\n" +" FULL_MODULE_NAME=$(echo $PYTHON_EXT | cut -d \".\" -f 1 | tr \"/\" \".\");\n" +" # A bundle identifier; not actually used, but required by Xcode framework packaging\n" +" FRAMEWORK_BUNDLE_ID=$(echo $PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER.$FULL_MODULE_NAME | tr \"_\" \"-\")\n" +" # The name of the framework folder.\n" +" FRAMEWORK_FOLDER=\"Frameworks/$FULL_MODULE_NAME.framework\"\n" +"\n" +" # If the framework folder doesn't exist, create it.\n" +" if [ ! -d \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER\" ]; then\n" +" echo \"Creating framework for $RELATIVE_EXT\"\n" +" mkdir -p \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER\"\n" +" cp \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/dylib-Info-template.plist\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/Info.plist\"\n" +" plutil -replace CFBundleExecutable -string \"$FULL_MODULE_NAME\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/Info.plist\"\n" +" plutil -replace CFBundleIdentifier -string \"$FRAMEWORK_BUNDLE_ID\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/Info.plist\"\n" +" fi\n" +"\n" +" echo \"Installing binary for $FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME\"\n" +" mv \"$FULL_EXT\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME\"\n" +" # Create a placeholder .fwork file where the .so was\n" +" echo \"$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME\" > ${FULL_EXT%.so}.fwork\n" +" # Create a back reference to the .so file location in the framework\n" +" echo \"${RELATIVE_EXT%.so}.fwork\" > \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME.origin\"\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" PYTHON_VER=$(ls -1 \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib\")\n" +" echo \"Install Python $PYTHON_VER standard library extension modules...\"\n" +" find \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib/$PYTHON_VER/lib-dynload\" -name \"*.so\" | while read FULL_EXT; do\n" +" install_dylib python/lib/$PYTHON_VER/lib-dynload/ \"$FULL_EXT\"\n" +" done\n" +"\n" +" # Clean up dylib template\n" +" rm -f \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/dylib-Info-template.plist\"\n" +"\n" +" echo \"Signing frameworks as $EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY_NAME ($EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY)...\"\n" +" find \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/Frameworks\" -name \"*.framework\" -exec /usr/bin/codesign --force --sign \"$EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY\" ${OTHER_CODE_SIGN_FLAGS:-} -o runtime --timestamp=none --preserve-metadata=identifier,entitlements,flags --generate-entitlement-der \"{}\" \\;" +msgstr "" +"set -e\n" +"\n" +"install_dylib () {\n" +" INSTALL_BASE=$1\n" +" FULL_EXT=$2\n" +"\n" +" # 扩展文件的名称\n" +" EXT=$(basename \"$FULL_EXT\")\n" +" # 扩展文件相对与捆绑包的位置\n" +" RELATIVE_EXT=${FULL_EXT#$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/}\n" +" # 扩展文件相对于安装目录的路径\n" +" PYTHON_EXT=${RELATIVE_EXT/$INSTALL_BASE/}\n" +" # 扩展模块带点号的完整名称，根据文件目录来构造。\n" +" FULL_MODULE_NAME=$(echo $PYTHON_EXT | cut -d \".\" -f 1 | tr \"/\" \".\");\n" +" # 捆绑包标识；未实际使用，但为 Xcode 框架打包所必需\n" +" FRAMEWORK_BUNDLE_ID=$(echo $PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER.$FULL_MODULE_NAME | tr \"_\" \"-\")\n" +" # 框架文件夹的名称。\n" +" FRAMEWORK_FOLDER=\"Frameworks/$FULL_MODULE_NAME.framework\"\n" +"\n" +" # 如果框架文件夹不存在，则创建它。\n" +" if [ ! -d \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER\" ]; then\n" +" echo \"Creating framework for $RELATIVE_EXT\"\n" +" mkdir -p \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER\"\n" +" cp \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/dylib-Info-template.plist\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/Info.plist\"\n" +" plutil -replace CFBundleExecutable -string \"$FULL_MODULE_NAME\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/Info.plist\"\n" +" plutil -replace CFBundleIdentifier -string \"$FRAMEWORK_BUNDLE_ID\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/Info.plist\"\n" +" fi\n" +"\n" +" echo \"Installing binary for $FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME\"\n" +" mv \"$FULL_EXT\" \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME\"\n" +" # 创建占位用 .fwork 文件指明 .so 所在位置\n" +" echo \"$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME\" > ${FULL_EXT%.so}.fwork\n" +" # 在框架中创建指向 .so 文件位置的反向引用\n" +" echo \"${RELATIVE_EXT%.so}.fwork\" > \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/$FRAMEWORK_FOLDER/$FULL_MODULE_NAME.origin\"\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" PYTHON_VER=$(ls -1 \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib\")\n" +" echo \"Install Python $PYTHON_VER standard library extension modules...\"\n" +" find \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/python/lib/$PYTHON_VER/lib-dynload\" -name \"*.so\" | while read FULL_EXT; do\n" +" install_dylib python/lib/$PYTHON_VER/lib-dynload/ \"$FULL_EXT\"\n" +" done\n" +"\n" +" # 清理 dylib 模板\n" +" rm -f \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/dylib-Info-template.plist\"\n" +"\n" +" echo \"Signing frameworks as $EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY_NAME ($EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY)...\"\n" +" find \"$CODESIGNING_FOLDER_PATH/Frameworks\" -name \"*.framework\" -exec /usr/bin/codesign --force --sign \"$EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY\" ${OTHER_CODE_SIGN_FLAGS:-} -o runtime --timestamp=none --preserve-metadata=identifier,entitlements,flags --generate-entitlement-der \"{}\" \\;" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Add Objective C code to initialize and use a Python interpreter in embedded " +"mode. You should ensure that:" +msgstr "添加 Objective C 代码来初始化并使用嵌入模式的 Python 解释器。 你应当确保：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:295 +msgid "UTF-8 mode (:c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`) is *enabled*;" +msgstr "UTF-8 模式 (:c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`) *已启用*;" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:296 +msgid "Buffered stdio (:c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`) is *disabled*;" +msgstr "带缓冲的 stdio (:c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`) *已禁用*;" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:297 +msgid "Writing bytecode (:c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`) is *disabled*;" +msgstr "写入字节码 (:c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`) *已禁用*;" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:298 +msgid "" +"Signal handlers (:c:member:`PyConfig.install_signal_handlers`) are " +"*enabled*;" +msgstr "信号处理器 (:c:member:`PyConfig.install_signal_handlers`) *已启用*;" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:299 +msgid "" +"``PYTHONHOME`` for the interpreter is configured to point at the ``python`` " +"subfolder of your app's bundle; and" +msgstr "用于解释器的 ``PYTHONHOME`` 将被配置为指向你的 app 捆绑包的 ``python`` 子文件夹；并且" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:301 +msgid "The ``PYTHONPATH`` for the interpreter includes:" +msgstr "用于解释器的 ``PYTHONPATH`` 包括：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:303 +msgid "the ``python/lib/python3.X`` subfolder of your app's bundle," +msgstr "你的 app 的封包的 ``python/lib/python3.X`` 子文件夹，" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:304 +msgid "" +"the ``python/lib/python3.X/lib-dynload`` subfolder of your app's bundle, and" +msgstr "你的 app 的封包的 ``python/lib/python3.X/lib-dynload`` 子文件夹，以及" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:305 +msgid "the ``app`` subfolder of your app's bundle" +msgstr "你的 app 的封包的 ``app`` 子文件夹" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Your app's bundle location can be determined using ``[[NSBundle mainBundle] " +"resourcePath]``." +msgstr "你的 app 捆绑包的位置可使用 ``[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath]`` 来确定。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Steps 8, 9 and 10 of these instructions assume that you have a single folder" +" of pure Python application code, named ``app``. If you have third-party " +"binary modules in your app, some additional steps will be required:" +msgstr "" +"这些说明的步骤 8, 9 和 10 均假定你有一个单独的纯 Python 应用程序代码文件夹，其名称为 ``app``。 如果在你的 app " +"中还存在第三方二进制模块，则还需要一些额外的步骤：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:314 +msgid "" +"You need to ensure that any folders containing third-party binaries are " +"either associated with the app target, or copied in as part of step 8. Step " +"8 should also purge any binaries that are not appropriate for the platform a" +" specific build is targeting (i.e., delete any device binaries if you're " +"building an app targeting the simulator)." +msgstr "" +"你需要确保任何包含第二方二进制文件的文件夹均已关联到 app 目标，或已作为第 8 步的一部分被拷贝。 第 8 " +"步还应当清理任何对于特定构建目标的平台来说不适用的二进制文件（即当你要构建以该模拟器为目标的 app 就应删除任何设备二进制文件）。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:320 +msgid "" +"Any folders that contain third-party binaries must be processed into " +"framework form by step 9. The invocation of ``install_dylib`` that processes" +" the ``lib-dynload`` folder can be copied and adapted for this purpose." +msgstr "" +"任何包含第三方二进制文件的文件夹都必须通过第 9 步处理为框架形式。 可以拷贝并调整对于处理 ``lib-dynload`` 文件夹的 " +"``install_dylib`` 唤起的代码以符合这一目的。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:324 +msgid "" +"If you're using a separate folder for third-party packages, ensure that " +"folder is included as part of the ``PYTHONPATH`` configuration in step 10." +msgstr "如果你使用了不同的文件夹来存放第三方包，请确保该文件夹已在第 10 步中被包括为 ``PYTHONPATH`` 配置的一部分。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:328 +msgid "Testing a Python package" +msgstr "测试 Python 软件包" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The CPython source tree contains :source:`a testbed project ` " +"that is used to run the CPython test suite on the iOS simulator. This " +"testbed can also be used as a testbed project for running your Python " +"library's test suite on iOS." +msgstr "" +"CPython 源码树包含一个 :source:`testbed 项目 ` 用于在 iOS 模拟器上运行 CPython " +"测试套件。 这个 testbed 还可被用作在 iOS 上运行你的 Python 库的测试套件的 testbed 项目。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:334 +msgid "" +"After building or obtaining an iOS XCFramework (See :source:`iOS/README.rst`" +" for details), create a clone of the Python iOS testbed project by running:" +msgstr "" +"在构建或获取 iOS XCFramework (请参见 :source:`iOS/README.rst` 了解详情) 之后，通过运行以下命令创建 " +"Python iOS testbed 项目的克隆：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:337 +msgid "" +"$ python iOS/testbed clone --framework --app " +" --app app-testbed" +msgstr "" +"$ python iOS/testbed clone --framework --app " +" --app app-testbed" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:341 +msgid "" +"You will need to modify the ``iOS/testbed`` reference to point to that " +"directory in the CPython source tree; any folders specified with the " +"``--app`` flag will be copied into the cloned testbed project. The resulting" +" testbed will be created in the ``app-testbed`` folder. In this example, the" +" ``module1`` and ``module2`` would be importable modules at runtime. If your" +" project has additional dependencies, they can be installed into the ``app-" +"testbed/iOSTestbed/app_packages`` folder (using ``pip install --target app-" +"testbed/iOSTestbed/app_packages`` or similar)." +msgstr "" +"你将需要将 ``iOS/testbed`` 引用修改为指向 CPython 源码树的相应目录；任何使用 ``--app`` " +"旗标指定的文件夹都将被拷贝到克隆的 testbed 项目中。 结果 testbed 将在 ``app-testbed`` 文件夹中被创建。 " +"在本示例中，``module1`` 和 ``module2`` 将成为运行时可导入的模块。 如果你的项目还有额外的依赖项，它们可以被安装到 ``app-" +"testbed/iOSTestbed/app_packages`` 文件夹中 (使用类似 ``pip install --target app-" +"testbed/iOSTestbed/app_packages`` 的命令)。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:350 +msgid "" +"You can then use the ``app-testbed`` folder to run the test suite for your " +"app, For example, if ``module1.tests`` was the entry point to your test " +"suite, you could run:" +msgstr "" +"你可以随后使用 ``app-testbed`` 文件夹来运行你的 app 的测试套件，举例来说，如果 ``module1.tests`` " +"是你的测试套件的入口点，你可以运行：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:354 +msgid "$ python app-testbed run -- module1.tests" +msgstr "$ python app-testbed run -- module1.tests" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:358 +msgid "" +"This is the equivalent of running ``python -m module1.tests`` on a desktop " +"Python build. Any arguments after the ``--`` will be passed to the testbed " +"as if they were arguments to ``python -m`` on a desktop machine." +msgstr "" +"这相当于在桌面 Python 构建版上运行 ``python -m module1.tests``。 任何在 ``--`` 之后的参数都将被传给 " +"testbed 就像它们是桌面机上 ``python -m`` 的参数那样。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:362 +msgid "You can also open the testbed project in Xcode by running:" +msgstr "你还可以通过运行以下命令在 Xcode 中打开这个 testbed 项目：" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:364 +msgid "$ open app-testbed/iOSTestbed.xcodeproj" +msgstr "$ open app-testbed/iOSTestbed.xcodeproj" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:368 +msgid "" +"This will allow you to use the full Xcode suite of tools for debugging." +msgstr "这将允许你使用完整的 Xcode 工具套件进行调试。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:371 +msgid "App Store Compliance" +msgstr "App Store 合规性" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:373 +msgid "" +"The only mechanism for distributing apps to third-party iOS devices is to " +"submit the app to the iOS App Store; apps submitted for distribution must " +"pass Apple's app review process. This process includes a set of automated " +"validation rules that inspect the submitted application bundle for " +"problematic code." +msgstr "" +"将 app 发布到第三方 iOS 设备的唯一机制是将 app 提交到 iOS App Store；提交发布的 app 必须通过 Apple 的 app " +"审核进程。 此进程包括一组在所提交的应用程序包中自动检查有问题代码的验证规则。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:378 +msgid "" +"The Python standard library contains some code that is known to violate " +"these automated rules. While these violations appear to be false positives, " +"Apple's review rules cannot be challenged; so, it is necessary to modify the" +" Python standard library for an app to pass App Store review." +msgstr "" +"Python 标准库包含了一些已知会违反这些自动规则的代码。 虽然这些违规情况看来是属于误报，但 Apple 的审核规则是不可挑战的；因此，有必要修改 " +"Python 标准库以便 app 能够通过 App Store 的审核。" + +#: ../../using/ios.rst:383 +msgid "" +"The Python source tree contains :source:`a patch file ` that will remove all code that is known to cause " +"issues with the App Store review process. This patch is applied " +"automatically when building for iOS." +msgstr "" +"Python 源代码树包含 :source:`一个补丁文件 ` " +"可移除所有已知的会导致 App Store 审核过程出现问题的代码。 这个补丁会在针对 iOS 进行构建时自动应用。" diff --git a/using/mac.po b/using/mac.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dfc14717 --- /dev/null +++ b/using/mac.po @@ -0,0 +1,859 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Kevin Deng , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-24 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:6 +msgid "Using Python on macOS" +msgstr "在 macOS 上使用 Python" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This document aims to give an overview of macOS-specific behavior you should" +" know about to get started with Python on Mac computers. Python on a Mac " +"running macOS is very similar to Python on other Unix-derived platforms, but" +" there are some differences in installation and some features." +msgstr "" +"本文档旨在为您于 Mac 电脑上开始使用 Python 前提供您必须了解的 macOS 平台之特有行为。在运行了 macOS 的 Mac 电脑上使用 " +"Python 与在其他 Unix 家族平台电脑上面使用 Python 的体验非常相近，但在 Python 安装及部分特性上仍存有些许差异。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:16 +msgid "" +"There are various ways to obtain and install Python for macOS. Pre-built " +"versions of the most recent versions of Python are available from a number " +"of distributors. Much of this document describes use of the Pythons provided" +" by the CPython release team for download from the `python.org website " +"`_. See :ref:`alternative_bundles` for " +"some other options." +msgstr "" +"有多种途径可为 macOS 获取 Python 。多家软件分发源均提供最新版 Python 的预编译版本。本文档的多数内容描述的是由 CPython " +"发布团队于 `python.org 网站 `_ 中提供下载的 Python " +"版本。参见 :ref:`alternative_bundles` 获取其他选择。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:34 +msgid "Using Python for macOS from ``python.org``" +msgstr "使用来自 ``python.org`` 的 macOS 版 Python" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:37 +msgid "Installation steps" +msgstr "安装步骤" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:39 +msgid "" +"For `current Python versions `_ (other " +"than those in ``security`` status), the release team produces a **Python for" +" macOS** installer package for each new release. A list of available " +"installers is available `here `_. " +"We recommend using the most recent supported Python version where possible. " +"Current installers provide a `universal2 binary " +"`_ build of Python which " +"runs natively on all Macs (Apple Silicon and Intel) that are supported by a " +"wide range of macOS versions, currently typically from at least **macOS " +"10.13 High Sierra** on." +msgstr "" +"对于 `当前 Python 版本 `_ (处于 ``security`` " +"状态的除外)，发布团队为每个新发布版制作了 **macOS 版 Python** 安装程序包。 可以在 `这里 " +"`_ 查看安装程序列表。 我们推荐尽可能使用最新的受支持的 " +"Python 版本。 当前安装程序提供了可原生运行于所有 Mac (Apple Silicon 和 Intel) 并支持主流 macOS 版本的 " +"`universal2 二进制 `_ Python " +"构建版，目前通常至少支持到 **macOS 10.13 High Sierra**。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The downloaded file is a standard macOS installer package file (``.pkg``). " +"File integrity information (checksum, size, sigstore signature, etc) for " +"each file is included on the release download page. Installer packages and " +"their contents are signed and notarized with ``Python Software Foundation`` " +"Apple Developer ID certificates to meet `macOS Gatekeeper requirements " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"您下载的文件是一个标准的 macOS " +"安装器包文件（``.pkg``）。我们为每个文件都提供用于校验文件完整性的资料（校验码、文档大小、签名等），随附于下载页面中。安装器包及其内容均使用 " +"``Python Software Foundation`` 的 Apple 开发者 ID 证书签名及公证，符合 `macOS " +"门禁（Gatekeeper）要求 `_。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:57 +msgid "" +"For a default installation, double-click on the downloaded installer package" +" file. This should launch the standard macOS Installer app and display the " +"first of several installer windows steps." +msgstr "如欲使用默认预设安装配置，请直接双击您所下载的安装包文件。这将开启 macOS 内置的标准安装器软件，窗口中会显示安装步骤的第一步。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Clicking on the **Continue** button brings up the **Read Me** for this " +"installer. Besides other important information, the **Read Me** documents " +"which Python version is going to be installed and on what versions of macOS " +"it is supported. You may need to scroll through to read the whole file. By " +"default, this **Read Me** will also be installed in " +"|usemac_applications_folder_version| and available to read anytime." +msgstr "" +"点击 **继续** 按钮后会开启安装包中自带的 **Read Me** 文档。文档里面有一些重要内容，但也记录了您将要安装的 Python " +"版本，此外也记录了本软件所支持的 macOS 版本。您可能需要滚动窗口才能阅读完整的文件。在默认配置下，该 **Read Me** 文档也会安装在 " +"|usemac_applications_folder_version| 路径中以供随时阅读。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:71 +msgid "" +"Clicking on **Continue** proceeds to display the license for Python and for " +"other included software. You will then need to **Agree** to the license " +"terms before proceeding to the next step. This license file will also be " +"installed and available to be read later." +msgstr "" +"点击 **继续** 按钮将会显示 Python 软件及其他随附软件的授权许可。你需要选择 **同意** " +"该许可证才能继续下一步安装。同样，许可证日后也会安装在磁盘中以供随时阅读。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:78 +msgid "" +"After the license terms are accepted, the next step is the **Installation " +"Type** display. For most uses, the standard set of installation operations " +"is appropriate." +msgstr "接受许可证条款后，下一步是选择您的安装类型。在大多数情况下，默认的标准安装操作就是最适合您的安装类型。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:83 +msgid "" +"By pressing the **Customize** button, you can choose to omit or select " +"certain package components of the installer. Click on each package name to " +"see a description of what it installs. To also install support for the " +"optional experimental free-threaded feature, see :ref:`install-freethreaded-" +"macos`." +msgstr "" +"若您点击左下角的 **自定义** " +"按钮，您可以选择或取消选择安装包当中的部分组件。点击列表中的每一个项目可以了解该组件包会安装什么东西。若您想安装实验性可选的自由线程特性，请参见 " +":ref:`install-freethreaded-macos` 。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:91 +msgid "" +"In either case, clicking **Install** will begin the install process by " +"asking permission to install new software. A macOS user name with " +"``Administrator`` privilege is needed as the installed Python will be " +"available to all users of the Mac." +msgstr "" +"不论您选择接受默认安装配置还是自定义安装配置，点击 **安装** 按钮即可开始安装过程。您可能会被要求提供安装软件所需的必要权限。您需要提供拥有 " +"``Administrator`` （管理员）权限的 macOS 用户名和密码，因为 Python 会面向电脑中的所有用户安装。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:95 +msgid "When the installation is complete, the **Summary** window will appear." +msgstr "安装完成后会显示 **概览** 窗口。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Double-click on the :command:`Install Certificates.command` icon or file in " +"the |usemac_applications_folder_version| window to complete the " +"installation." +msgstr "" +"浏览至 |usemac_applications_folder_version| 文件夹窗口，双击 :command:`Install " +"Certificates.command` 图标或文件以完成最后的安装步骤。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:105 +msgid "" +"This will open a temporary :program:`Terminal` shell window that will use " +"the new Python to download and install SSL root certificates for its use." +msgstr "这会开启一个临时的 :program:`Terminal` 命令行窗口，使用新安装的 Python 下载并安装SSL根证书供其使用。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:111 +msgid "" +"If ``Successfully installed certifi`` and ``update complete`` appears in the" +" terminal window, the installation is complete. Close this terminal window " +"and the installer window." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``Successfully installed certifi`` 和 ``update complete`` " +"字样出现在了终端的窗口中，那么安装就顺利完成。您可以关闭该终端窗口和安装器窗口。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:115 +msgid "A default install will include:" +msgstr "使用默认安装配置会安装下列内容：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:117 +msgid "" +"A |usemac_applications_folder_name| folder in your :file:`Applications` " +"folder. In here you find :program:`IDLE`, the development environment that " +"is a standard part of official Python distributions; and :program:`Python " +"Launcher`, which handles double-clicking Python scripts from the macOS " +"`Finder `_." +msgstr "" +"你的 :file:`Applications` 文件夹中会有一个 |usemac_applications_folder_name| 文件夹。 " +"你将在这里找到 :program:`IDLE`，一个作为官方 Python 发行版标准组件的开发环境；以及 :program:`Python " +"Launcher`，它负责处理在 macOS `Finder `_ " +"中双击 Python 脚本的操作。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:122 +msgid "" +"A framework :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`, which includes the" +" Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your " +"shell path. To uninstall Python, you can remove these three things. Symlinks" +" to the Python executable are placed in :file:`/usr/local/bin/`." +msgstr "" +"一个框架 :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`，它包括 Python 可执行文件和库。 " +"安装程序会将此位置添加到你的 shell 路径。 要卸载 Python，你可以移除这三样东西。 指向 Python 可执行文件的符号链接将位于 " +":file:`/usr/local/bin/`。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Recent versions of macOS include a :command:`python3` command in " +":file:`/usr/bin/python3` that links to a usually older and incomplete " +"version of Python provided by and for use by the Apple development tools, " +":program:`Xcode` or the :program:`Command Line Tools for Xcode`. You should " +"never modify or attempt to delete this installation, as it is Apple-" +"controlled and is used by Apple-provided or third-party software. If you " +"choose to install a newer Python version from ``python.org``, you will have " +"two different but functional Python installations on your computer that can " +"co-exist. The default installer options should ensure that its " +":command:`python3` will be used instead of the system :command:`python3`." +msgstr "" +"最近几个版本的 macOS 都包括一个 :command:`python3` 命令 :file:`/usr/bin/python3`，它链接到一个供 " +"Apple 开发工具 :program:`Xcode` 或 :program:`Command Line Tools for Xcode` " +"使用的通常较老旧且不完整的 Python 版本。 你绝不应该修改或试图删除此安装版，因为它是由 Apple 控制且由 Apple " +"提供的或第三方的软件所使用。 如果你选择安装一个来自 ``python.org`` 的更新的 Python " +"版本，在你的计算机上将有两个不相同但均能正常运行的 Python 安装版共存。 默认安装程序选项应当会确保使用它的 :command:`python3`" +" 而不是系统的 :command:`python3`。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:140 +msgid "How to run a Python script" +msgstr "如何运行 Python 脚本" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:142 +msgid "" +"There are two ways to invoke the Python interpreter. If you are familiar " +"with using a Unix shell in a terminal window, you can invoke " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| or ``python3`` optionally followed by one or" +" more command line options (described in :ref:`using-on-general`). The " +"Python tutorial also has a useful section on :ref:`using Python " +"interactively from a shell `." +msgstr "" +"唤起 Python 解释器有两种方式。 如果你了解如何在终端窗口中使用 Unix shell，你可以唤起 " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| 或 ``python3`` 并可选择附带一个或多个命令行选项（见 " +":ref:`using-on-general` 中的说明）。 Python 教程也包含一个实用的章节 :ref:`通过 shell 交互式地使用 " +"Python `。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:149 +msgid "" +"You can also invoke the interpreter through an integrated development " +"environment. :ref:`idle` is a basic editor and interpreter environment which" +" is included with the standard distribution of Python. :program:`IDLE` " +"includes a Help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If you " +"are completely new to Python, you can read the tutorial introduction in that" +" document." +msgstr "" +"你也可以通过集成开发环境即 IDE 来唤起解释器。 :ref:`idle` 是一个包括在标准 Python 发行版中的具有基础功能的编辑器和解释器环境。" +" :program:`IDLE` 还包括一个 Help 菜单允许你访问 Python 文档。 如果你是完全的 Python " +"新手，你可以阅读此文档中的入门教程。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:157 +msgid "" +"There are many other editors and IDEs available, see :ref:`editors` for more" +" information." +msgstr "还有许多其他可用的编辑器和 IDE，请参阅 :ref:`editors` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:160 +msgid "" +"To run a Python script file from the terminal window, you can invoke the " +"interpreter with the name of the script file:" +msgstr "要在终端窗口运行一个 Python 脚本，你可以在唤起解释器时附带脚本文件名：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:163 +msgid "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| ``myscript.py``" +msgstr "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_literal| ``myscript.py``" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:165 +msgid "To run your script from the Finder, you can either:" +msgstr "要从 Finder （访达）运行你的脚本，你有两种选择：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:167 +msgid "Drag it to :program:`Python Launcher`." +msgstr "将其拖拽到 :program:`Python Launcher`。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Select :program:`Python Launcher` as the default application to open your " +"script (or any ``.py`` script) through the Finder Info window and double-" +"click it. :program:`Python Launcher` has various preferences to control how " +"your script is launched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one " +"invocation, or use its ``Preferences`` menu to change things globally." +msgstr "" +"选择 :program:`Python Launcher` 作为通过 Finder Info 窗口打开你的脚本（或任何 ``.py`` " +"脚本）和双击它时的默认应用程序。 :program:`Python Launcher` 具有多个首选项来控制脚本的启动方式。 " +"选项拖拽允许你为单次唤起更改这些首选项，或使用其 ``Preferences`` 菜单进行全局性的更改。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:175 +msgid "" +"Be aware that running the script directly from the macOS Finder might " +"produce different results than when running from a terminal window as the " +"script will not be run in the usual shell environment including any setting " +"of environment variables in shell profiles. And, as with any other script or" +" program, be certain of what you are about to run." +msgstr "" +"请注意从 macOS Finder 直接运行脚本可能产生与从终端窗口运行时不同的结果，因为脚本将不是在通常的包括了 shell 配置文件中所有环境变量的" +" shell 环境中运行。 因此，就如使用任何其他脚本或程序一样，请注意确认你想要运行的到底是什么。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:185 +msgid "Alternative Distributions" +msgstr "其他发行版" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Besides the standard ``python.org`` for macOS installer, there are third-" +"party distributions for macOS that may include additional functionality. " +"Some popular distributions and their key features:" +msgstr "" +"除了标准 ``python.org`` macOS 安装程序，还有一些针对 macOS 的包括附加功能的第三方发行版。 " +"以下是一些受欢迎的发行版及其关键特性：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:191 +msgid "`ActivePython `_" +msgstr "`ActivePython `_" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:192 +msgid "Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation" +msgstr "具有多平台兼容性的安装器，文档" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:194 +msgid "`Anaconda `_" +msgstr "`Anaconda `_" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:195 +msgid "" +"Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy, and pandas) and the " +"``conda`` package manager." +msgstr "流行的科学模块（如 numpy, scipy 和 pandas）以及 ``conda`` 包管理器。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:198 +msgid "`Homebrew `_" +msgstr "`Homebrew `_" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python and many " +"third-party Python-based packages (including numpy, scipy, and pandas)." +msgstr "" +"针对 macOS 的包管理器包括多个 Python 版本和许多基于 Python 的第三方包（包括 numpy, scipy 和 pandas）。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:202 +msgid "`MacPorts `_" +msgstr "`MacPorts `_" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Another package manager for macOS including multiple versions of Python and " +"many third-party Python-based packages. May include pre-built versions of " +"Python and many packages for older versions of macOS." +msgstr "" +"另一个针对 macOS 的包括多个 Python 版本和许多基于 Python 的第三方软件包的包管理器。 可能包括 Python " +"的预构建版和许多用于较旧版本 macOS 的软件包。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:207 +msgid "" +"Note that distributions might not include the latest versions of Python or " +"other libraries, and are not maintained or supported by the core Python " +"team." +msgstr "请注意这些发行版可能不包括 Python 或其他库的最新版本，并且不被核心 Python 团队所维护或支持。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:213 +msgid "Installing Additional Python Packages" +msgstr "安装额外的 Python 包" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:215 +msgid "Refer to the `Python Packaging User Guide`_ for more information." +msgstr "请参阅 `Python Packaging User Guide`_ 了解详情。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:225 +msgid "GUI Programming" +msgstr "GUI 编程" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:227 +msgid "" +"There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with " +"Python." +msgstr "使用 Python 在 Mac 上构建 GUI 应用程序有多种选择。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:229 +msgid "" +"The standard Python GUI toolkit is :mod:`tkinter`, based on the cross-" +"platform Tk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). A macOS-native version of Tk is " +"included with the installer." +msgstr "" +"标准的 Python GUI 工具包是 :mod:`tkinter`，基于跨平台的 Tk 工具包 (https://www.tcl.tk)。 " +"安装器包括了一个 macOS 原生版本的 Tk。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:233 +msgid "" +"*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework. " +"Information on PyObjC is available from :pypi:`pyobjc`." +msgstr "" +"*PyObjC* 是一个针对 Apple 的 Objective-C/Cocoa 框架的 Python 绑定。 有关 PyObjC 的信息可从 " +":pypi:`pyobjc` 获取。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:236 +msgid "A number of alternative macOS GUI toolkits are available including:" +msgstr "有多个替代性的 macOS GUI 工具包可供使用，包括：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:238 +msgid "" +"`PySide `_: Official Python bindings to the" +" `Qt GUI toolkit `_." +msgstr "" +"`PySide `_: `Qt GUI 工具包 " +"`_ 的官方 Python 绑定。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:241 +msgid "" +"`PyQt `_: Alternative Python " +"bindings to Qt." +msgstr "" +"`PyQt `_: Qt 的另一款 Python 绑定。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:244 +msgid "" +"`Kivy `_: A cross-platform GUI toolkit that supports " +"desktop and mobile platforms." +msgstr "`Kivy `_: 一款支持桌面和移动平台的跨平台 GUI 工具包。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:247 +msgid "" +"`Toga `_: Part of the `BeeWare Project " +"`_; supports desktop, mobile, web and console apps." +msgstr "" +"`Toga `_: `BeeWare 项目 `_ " +"的一部分；支持桌面、移动设备、Web 和控制台应用。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:250 +msgid "" +"`wxPython `_: A cross-platform toolkit that supports " +"desktop operating systems." +msgstr "`wxPython `_: 一款支持桌面操作系统的跨平台工具包。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:255 +msgid "Advanced Topics" +msgstr "进阶" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:260 +msgid "Installing Free-threaded Binaries" +msgstr "安装自由线程二进制文件" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:262 +msgid "(Experimental)" +msgstr "（试验性功能）" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:266 +msgid "" +"Everything described in this section is considered experimental, and should " +"be expected to change in future releases." +msgstr "本节中描述的所有内容都是试验性的，它们预计会在未来的发布版中发生改变。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The ``python.org`` :ref:`Python for macOS ` installer package can optionally install an additional build of " +"Python |usemac_x_dot_y| that supports :pep:`703`, the experimental free-" +"threading feature (running with the :term:`global interpreter lock` " +"disabled). Check the release page on ``python.org`` for possible updated " +"information." +msgstr "" +"``python.org`` 的 :ref:`Python for macOS ` " +"安装程序包可以选择安装支持 :pep:`703` 的附加 Python 构建版 |usemac_x_dot_y|，即试验性的自由线程功能（在禁用 " +":term:`global interpreter lock` 的情况下运行）。 请查看 ``python.org`` 上的发布页获取可能的更新信息。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:275 +msgid "" +"Because this feature is still considered experimental, the support for it is" +" not installed by default. It is packaged as a separate install option, " +"available by clicking the **Customize** button on the **Installation Type** " +"step of the installer as described above." +msgstr "" +"由于此特性仍然被视为是实验性的，该项支持默认不被安装。 它被打包为单独的安装选项，可通过在上述安装程序的 **安装类型** 步骤中点击 **自定义** " +"按钮来选择。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:282 +msgid "" +"If the box next to the **Free-threaded Python** package name is checked, a " +"separate :file:`PythonT.framework` will also be installed alongside the " +"normal :file:`Python.framework` in :file:`/Library/Frameworks`. This " +"configuration allows a free-threaded Python |usemac_x_dot_y| build to co-" +"exist on your system with a traditional (GIL only) Python |usemac_x_dot_y| " +"build with minimal risk while installing or testing. This installation " +"layout is itself experimental and is subject to change in future releases." +msgstr "" +"如果勾选了 **Free-threaded Python** 包名称后的复选框，则会将单独的 :file:`PythonT.framework` " +"与普通的 :file:`Python.framework` 一同安全在 :file:`/Library/Frameworks` 中。 此配置允许自由线程" +" Python |usemac_x_dot_y| 构建版在你的系统上与传统的 (仅限 GIL) Python |usemac_x_dot_y| " +"构建版共存并且在安装或测试时风险最小。 这个安装布局本身是实验性的因而可能在未来发布版中发生变化。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:290 +msgid "Known cautions and limitations:" +msgstr "已知的注意事项和限制：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:292 +msgid "" +"The **UNIX command-line tools** package, which is selected by default, will " +"install links in :file:`/usr/local/bin` for " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|, the free-threaded interpreter, and " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal_config|, a configuration utility which may " +"be useful for package builders. Since :file:`/usr/local/bin` is typically " +"included in your shell ``PATH``, in most cases no changes to your ``PATH`` " +"environment variables should be needed to use " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|." +msgstr "" +"默认选中的 **UNIX command-line tools** 软件包将在 :file:`/usr/local/bin` 中安装链接指向 " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|，自由线程的解释器，以及 " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal_config|，一个对软件包构建者来说很有用的配置工具。 由于 " +":file:`/usr/local/bin` 通常会包括在你的 shell ``PATH`` 中，在大多数情况下都不需要修改你的 ``PATH`` " +"环境变量即可使用 |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:300 +msgid "" +"For this release, the **Shell profile updater** package and the " +":file:`Update Shell Profile.command` in |usemac_applications_folder_version|" +" do not support the free-threaded package." +msgstr "" +"对于本发布版，**Shell profile updater** 软件包和 |usemac_applications_folder_version| " +"中的 :file:`Update Shell Profile.command` 均不支持自由线程的软件包。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:304 +msgid "" +"The free-threaded build and the traditional build have separate search paths" +" and separate :file:`site-packages` directories so, by default, if you need " +"a package available in both builds, it may need to be installed in both. The" +" free-threaded package will install a separate instance of :program:`pip` " +"for use with |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal|." +msgstr "" +"自由线程构建版和传统构建版具有不同的搜索路径和不同的 :file:`site-packages` " +"目录，因此，在默认情况下，如果你需要某个包在两个构建版中均可用，将需要在两版中均安装。 自由线程软件包将安装单独的 :program:`pip` 以配合" +" |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| 使用。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:310 +msgid "To install a package using :command:`pip` without a :command:`venv`:" +msgstr "不带 :command:`venv` 地使用 :command:`pip` 来安装软件包：:" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:312 +msgid "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m pip install ``" +msgstr "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m pip install ``" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:314 +msgid "" +"When working with multiple Python environments, it is usually safest and " +"easiest to :ref:`create and use virtual environments `. This can " +"avoid possible command name conflicts and confusion about which Python is in" +" use:" +msgstr "" +"在操作多个 Python 环境时，:ref:`创建和使用虚拟环境 ` 通常是最安全和便捷的方式。 " +"这可以避免可能的命令名称冲突和究竟是哪个 Python 正在被使用的困惑：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:318 +msgid "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m venv ``" +msgstr "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m venv ``" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:320 +msgid "then :command:`activate`." +msgstr "然后执行 :command:`activate`。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:322 +msgid "To run a free-threaded version of IDLE:" +msgstr "要运行 IDLE 的自由线程版本：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:324 +msgid "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m idlelib``" +msgstr "|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| ``-m idlelib``" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:326 +msgid "" +"The interpreters in both builds respond to the same :ref:`PYTHON environment" +" variables ` which may have unexpected results, for " +"example, if you have ``PYTHONPATH`` set in a shell profile. If necessary, " +"there are :ref:`command line options ` like " +"``-E`` to ignore these environment variables." +msgstr "" +"两个构建版中的解释器响应相同的 :ref:`PYTHON 环境变量 ` 可能导致预料之外的结果，举例来说，如果你在 " +"shell 配置文件中设置了 ``PYTHONPATH`` 的话。 如有必要，可以使用像 ``-E`` 这样的 :ref:`命令行选项 ` 来忽略这些环境变量。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:333 +msgid "" +"The free-threaded build links to the third-party shared libraries, such as " +"``OpenSSL`` and ``Tk``, installed in the traditional framework. This means " +"that both builds also share one set of trust certificates as installed by " +"the :command:`Install Certificates.command` script, thus it only needs to be" +" run once." +msgstr "" +"自由线程构建版会链接安装在传统框架中的第三方共享库，如 ``OpenSSL`` 和 ``Tk``。 这意味着两个构建版还会共享同一个由 " +":command:`Install Certificates.command` 脚本所安装的信任证书，因此它只须运行一次。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:339 +msgid "" +"If you cannot depend on the link in ``/usr/local/bin`` pointing to the " +"``python.org`` free-threaded |usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| (for example," +" if you want to install your own version there or some other distribution " +"does), you can explicitly set your shell ``PATH`` environment variable to " +"include the ``PythonT`` framework ``bin`` directory:" +msgstr "" +"如果你不能依赖 ``/usr/local/bin`` 中指向 ``python.org`` 自由线程 " +"|usemac_python_x_dot_y_t_literal| " +"的链接（举例来说，如果你想在其中安装你自己的版本或者其他发布版要这样做），你可以显式设置你的 shell ``PATH`` 环境变量以包括 " +"``PythonT`` 框架的 ``bin`` 目录：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:345 +msgid "" +"export " +"PATH=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/3.13/bin\":\"$PATH\"" +msgstr "" +"export " +"PATH=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/3.13/bin\":\"$PATH\"" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:349 +msgid "" +"The traditional framework installation by default does something similar, " +"except for :file:`Python.framework`. Be aware that having both framework " +"``bin`` directories in ``PATH`` can lead to confusion if there are duplicate" +" names like ``python3.13`` in both; which one is actually used depends on " +"the order they appear in ``PATH``. The ``which python3.x`` or ``which " +"python3.xt`` commands can show which path is being used. Using virtual " +"environments can help avoid such ambiguities. Another option might be to " +"create a shell :command:`alias` to the desired interpreter, like:" +msgstr "" +"默认的传统框架安装所做的事情是类似的，但 :file:`Python.framework` 除外。 请注意将两个框架的 ``bin`` 目录都放入 " +"``PATH`` 在有重复的名称时可能会导致混淆例如两者中都有 ``python3.13``；实际是使用哪一个取决于它们在 ``PATH`` " +"中的出现顺序。 ``which python3.x`` 或 ``which python3.xt`` 命令可以显示被使用的是哪个路径。 " +"使用虚拟环境有助于避免这样的歧义。 另一种选项是创建一个 shell :command:`alias` 指向特定的解释器，例如：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:358 +msgid "" +"alias py3.13=\"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/bin/python3.13\"\n" +"alias py3.13t=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/3.13/bin/python3.13t\"" +msgstr "" +"alias py3.13=\"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/bin/python3.13\"\n" +"alias py3.13t=\"/Library/Frameworks/PythonT.framework/Versions/3.13/bin/python3.13t\"" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:364 +msgid "Installing using the command line" +msgstr "使用命令行安装" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:366 +msgid "" +"If you want to use automation to install the ``python.org`` installer " +"package (rather than by using the familiar macOS :program:`Installer` GUI " +"app), the macOS command line :command:`installer` utility lets you select " +"non-default options, too. If you are not familiar with :command:`installer`," +" it can be somewhat cryptic (see :command:`man installer` for more " +"information). As an example, the following shell snippet shows one way to do" +" it, using the ``3.13.0b2`` release and selecting the free-threaded " +"interpreter option:" +msgstr "" +"如果你想使用自动方式来安装 ``python.org`` installer 软件包（而不是使用更方便的 macOS " +":program:`Installer` 图形用户界面应用程序），macOS 命令行 :command:`installer` " +"工具也允许你选择非默认选项。 如果你不熟悉 :command:`installer`，它可能会让人难以理解（请参看 :command:`man " +"installer` 获取详情）。 作为样例，下面的 shell 代码片段显示了其中一种做法，使用 ``3.13.0b2`` " +"发布版并选择自由线程解释器选项：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:375 +msgid "" +"RELEASE=\"python-3.13.0b2-macos11.pkg\"\n" +"\n" +"# download installer pkg\n" +"curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/${RELEASE}\n" +"\n" +"# create installer choicechanges to customize the install:\n" +"# enable the PythonTFramework-3.13 package\n" +"# while accepting the other defaults (install all other packages)\n" +"cat > ./choicechanges.plist <\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" \n" +" attributeSetting\n" +" 1\n" +" choiceAttribute\n" +" selected\n" +" choiceIdentifier\n" +" org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-3.13\n" +" \n" +"\n" +"\n" +"EOF\n" +"\n" +"sudo installer -pkg ./${RELEASE} -applyChoiceChangesXML ./choicechanges.plist -target /" +msgstr "" +"RELEASE=\"python-3.13.0b2-macos11.pkg\"\n" +"\n" +"# 下载安装器 pkg\n" +"curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/${RELEASE}\n" +"\n" +"# 创建安装器 choicechanges 文件来定制安装：\n" +"# 启用 PythonTFramework-3.13 包\n" +"# 并接受其他默认选项（安装所有其他包）\n" +"cat > ./choicechanges.plist <\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" \n" +" attributeSetting\n" +" 1\n" +" choiceAttribute\n" +" selected\n" +" choiceIdentifier\n" +" org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-3.13\n" +" \n" +"\n" +"\n" +"EOF\n" +"\n" +"sudo installer -pkg ./${RELEASE} -applyChoiceChangesXML ./choicechanges.plist -target /" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:405 +msgid "" +"You can then test that both installer builds are now available with " +"something like:" +msgstr "接下来你可以这样测试两个安装器构建版现在是否可用：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:407 +msgid "" +"$ # test that the free-threaded interpreter was installed if the Unix Command Tools package was enabled\n" +"$ /usr/local/bin/python3.13t -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 experimental free-threading build (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" +"$ # and the traditional interpreter\n" +"$ /usr/local/bin/python3.13 -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" +"$ # test that they are also available without the prefix if /usr/local/bin is on $PATH\n" +"$ python3.13t -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 experimental free-threading build (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" +"$ python3.13 -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]" +msgstr "" +"$ # 当 Unix Command Tools 包被启用时测试自由线程解释器是否已安装\n" +"$ /usr/local/bin/python3.13t -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 experimental free-threading build (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" +"$ # 并测试传统解释器\n" +"$ /usr/local/bin/python3.13 -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" +"$ # 当 /usr/local/bin 在 $PATH 中时测试它们在不带前缀的情况下是否可用\n" +"$ python3.13t -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 experimental free-threading build (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:57:31) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]\n" +"$ python3.13 -VV\n" +"Python 3.13.0b2 (v3.13.0b2:3a83b172af, Jun 5 2024, 12:50:24) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)]" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:423 +msgid "" +"Current ``python.org`` installers only install to fixed locations like " +":file:`/Library/Frameworks/`, :file:`/Applications`, and " +":file:`/usr/local/bin`. You cannot use the :command:`installer` ``-domain`` " +"option to install to other locations." +msgstr "" +"当前的 ``python.org`` 安装器只会安装到固定位置如 :file:`/Library/Frameworks/`, " +":file:`/Applications` 和 :file:`/usr/local/bin`。 你不能使用 :command:`installer` " +"``-domain`` 选项来安装到其他位置。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:431 +msgid "Distributing Python Applications" +msgstr "分发 Python 应用程序" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:433 +msgid "" +"A range of tools exist for converting your Python code into a standalone " +"distributable application:" +msgstr "有一系列工具可将你的 Python 代码转换为独立发布的应用程序：" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:436 +msgid "" +":pypi:`py2app`: Supports creating macOS ``.app`` bundles from a Python " +"project." +msgstr ":pypi:`py2app`: 支持基于 Python 项目创建 macOS ``.app`` 软件包。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:439 +msgid "" +"`Briefcase `_: Part of the `BeeWare " +"Project `_; a cross-platform packaging tool that " +"supports creation of ``.app`` bundles on macOS, as well as managing signing " +"and notarization." +msgstr "" +"`Briefcase `_: `BeeWare 项目 " +"`_ 的一部分；一款支持在 macOS 上创建 ``.app`` 捆绑包，并能管理签名和公证的跨平台打包工具。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:444 +msgid "" +"`PyInstaller `_: A cross-platform packaging tool " +"that creates a single file or folder as a distributable artifact." +msgstr "" +"`PyInstaller `_: 一款可创建单独文件或文件夹作为可分发包的跨平台打包工具。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:448 +msgid "App Store Compliance" +msgstr "App Store 合规性" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:450 +msgid "" +"Apps submitted for distribution through the macOS App Store must pass " +"Apple's app review process. This process includes a set of automated " +"validation rules that inspect the submitted application bundle for " +"problematic code." +msgstr "" +"在 macOS App Store 中提交发布的 app 必须通过 Apple 的 app 审核进程。 " +"此进程包括一组在所提交的应用程序包中自动检查有问题代码的验证规则。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:454 +msgid "" +"The Python standard library contains some code that is known to violate " +"these automated rules. While these violations appear to be false positives, " +"Apple's review rules cannot be challenged. Therefore, it is necessary to " +"modify the Python standard library for an app to pass App Store review." +msgstr "" +"Python 标准库包含了一些已知会违反这些自动规则的代码。 虽然这些违规情况看来是属于误报，但 Apple 的审核规则是不可挑战的。 因此，有必要修改" +" Python 标准库以便 app 能够通过 App Store 的审核。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:459 +msgid "" +"The Python source tree contains :source:`a patch file ` that will remove all code that is known to cause " +"issues with the App Store review process. This patch is applied " +"automatically when CPython is configured with the :option:`--with-app-store-" +"compliance` option." +msgstr "" +"Python 源代码树包含 :source:`一个补丁文件 ` " +"可移除所有已知的会导致 App Store 审核过程出现问题的代码。 这个补丁会在 CPython 配置了 :option:`--with-app-" +"store-compliance` 选项时自动应用。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:465 +msgid "" +"This patch is not normally required to use CPython on a Mac; nor is it " +"required if you are distributing an app *outside* the macOS App Store. It is" +" *only* required if you are using the macOS App Store as a distribution " +"channel." +msgstr "" +"这个补丁对于在 Mac 上使用 CPython 并不是必需的；如果你是在 macOS App Store *以外* 的地方发布 app 它也不是必需的。" +" 它 *只有* 在你使用 macOS App Store 作为发布渠道时才是必需的。" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:470 +msgid "Other Resources" +msgstr "其他资源" + +#: ../../using/mac.rst:472 +msgid "" +"The `python.org Help page `_ has links " +"to many useful resources. The `Pythonmac-SIG mailing list " +"`_ is another " +"support resource specifically for Python users and developers on the Mac." +msgstr "" +"`python.org Help 页面 `_ 包含许多有用资源的链接。 " +"`Pythonmac-SIG 邮件列表 " +"`_ 另一个专门针对 Mac" +" 上的 Python 用户和开发者的支持资源。" diff --git a/using/unix.po b/using/unix.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30182fd5e --- /dev/null +++ b/using/unix.po @@ -0,0 +1,416 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# wevsty , 2021 +# 陈也在哦 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-21 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:7 +msgid "Using Python on Unix platforms" +msgstr "在类Unix环境下使用Python" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:13 +msgid "Getting and installing the latest version of Python" +msgstr "获得并安装Python的最新版本" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:16 +msgid "On Linux" +msgstr "在Linux中" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a" +" package on all others. However there are certain features you might want " +"to use that are not available on your distro's package. You can compile the" +" latest version of Python from source." +msgstr "" +"Python 预装在大多数 Linux 发行版上，并在它们以外的发行版上以软件包的形式提供。 " +"不过在你所用的发行版的软件包中可能没有某些你需要使用的功能。 这时你可以用源代码来编译最新版本的 Python。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:23 +msgid "" +"In the event that the latest version of Python doesn't come preinstalled and" +" isn't in the repositories as well, you can make packages for your own " +"distro. Have a look at the following links:" +msgstr "对于最新版本的 Python 未预装也不在软件仓库中的情况，你可以为你的发行版制作软件包。 请参阅下面的链接：" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:29 +msgid "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html" +msgstr "https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:30 +msgid "for Debian users" +msgstr "对于Debian用户" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:31 +msgid "https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging" +msgstr "https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:32 +msgid "for OpenSuse users" +msgstr "对于OpenSuse用户" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:33 +msgid "" +"https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/package-" +"maintainers/Packaging_Tutorial_GNU_Hello/" +msgstr "" +"https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/package-" +"maintainers/Packaging_Tutorial_GNU_Hello/" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:34 +msgid "for Fedora users" +msgstr "对于Fedora用户" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:35 +msgid "https://slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html" +msgstr "https://slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:36 +msgid "for Slackware users" +msgstr "对于Slackware用户" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:41 +msgid "Installing IDLE" +msgstr "安装 IDLE" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:43 +msgid "In some cases, IDLE might not be included in your Python installation." +msgstr "在某些情况下，IDLE 可能未被包括在你的 Python 安装版中。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:45 +msgid "For Debian and Ubuntu users::" +msgstr "对于 Debian 和 Ubuntu 用户::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:47 +msgid "" +"sudo apt update\n" +"sudo apt install idle" +msgstr "" +"sudo apt update\n" +"sudo apt install idle" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:50 +msgid "For Fedora, RHEL, and CentOS users::" +msgstr "对于 Fedora, RHEL 和 CentOS 用户::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:52 +msgid "sudo dnf install python3-idle" +msgstr "sudo dnf install python3-idle" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:54 +msgid "For SUSE and OpenSUSE users::" +msgstr "对于 SUSE 和 OpenSUSE 用户::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:56 +msgid "sudo zypper install python3-idle" +msgstr "sudo zypper install python3-idle" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:58 +msgid "For Alpine Linux users::" +msgstr "对于 Alpine Linux 用户::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:60 +msgid "sudo apk add python3-idle" +msgstr "sudo apk add python3-idle" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:65 +msgid "On FreeBSD and OpenBSD" +msgstr "在FreeBSD和OpenBSD上" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:67 +msgid "FreeBSD users, to add the package use::" +msgstr "FreeBSD用户，使用以下命令添加包::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:69 +msgid "pkg install python3" +msgstr "pkg install python3" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:71 +msgid "OpenBSD users, to add the package use::" +msgstr "OpenBSD用户，使用以下命令添加包::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:73 +msgid "" +"pkg_add -r python\n" +"\n" +"pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages//python-.tgz" +msgstr "" +"pkg_add -r python\n" +"\n" +"pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages//python-.tgz" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:77 +msgid "For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using::" +msgstr "例如：i386用户获取Python 2.5.1的可用版本::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:79 +msgid "" +"pkg_add " +"ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz" +msgstr "" +"pkg_add " +"ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:85 +msgid "Building Python" +msgstr "构建Python" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:87 +msgid "" +"If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get " +"the `source `_. You can download " +"either the latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone " +"`_. (If you want to" +" contribute patches, you will need a clone.)" +msgstr "" +"如果你想自己编译 CPython，首先要做的是获取 `源代码 `_。" +" 你可以下载最新发布版的 source 或是直接抓取最新的 `clone " +"`_。 " +"（如果你想要贡献补丁，那么你就必须先 clone。）" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:93 +msgid "The build process consists of the usual commands::" +msgstr "构建过程由常用命令组成：" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:95 +msgid "" +"./configure\n" +"make\n" +"make install" +msgstr "" +"./configure\n" +"make\n" +"make install" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:99 +msgid "" +":ref:`Configuration options ` and caveats for specific " +"Unix platforms are extensively documented in the :source:`README.rst` file " +"in the root of the Python source tree." +msgstr "" +"特定 Unix 平台的 :ref:`配置选项 ` 和注意事项通常会详细地记录在 Python 源代码树的根目录下的" +" :source:`README.rst` 文件中。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:105 +msgid "" +"``make install`` can overwrite or masquerade the :file:`python3` binary. " +"``make altinstall`` is therefore recommended instead of ``make install`` " +"since it only installs :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}`." +msgstr "" +"``make install`` 可以覆盖或伪装 :file:`python3` 二进制文件。因此，建议使用 ``make altinstall`` " +"而不是 ``make install`` ，因为后者只安装了 :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}` 。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:111 +msgid "Python-related paths and files" +msgstr "与Python相关的路径和文件" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:113 +msgid "" +"These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;" +" :option:`prefix <--prefix>` and :option:`exec_prefix <--exec-prefix>` are " +"installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they " +"may be the same." +msgstr "" +"这些取决于本机安装惯例的不同；:option:`prefix <--prefix>` 和 :option:`exec_prefix <--exec-" +"prefix>` 依赖于具体安装并且应当被解读为针对 GNU 软件；它们可能具有相同的含义。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:118 +msgid "" +"For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`." +msgstr "例如，在大多数Linux系统上，两者的默认值是 :file:`/usr` 。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:121 +msgid "File/directory" +msgstr "文件/目录" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:121 +msgid "Meaning" +msgstr "含意" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:123 +msgid ":file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python3`" +msgstr ":file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python3`" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:123 +msgid "Recommended location of the interpreter." +msgstr "解释器的推荐位置" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:125 +msgid "" +":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`, " +":file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}`" +msgstr "" +":file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`, " +":file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}`" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Recommended locations of the directories containing the standard modules." +msgstr "包含标准模块的目录的推荐位置" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:128 +msgid "" +":file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`, " +":file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}`" +msgstr "" +":file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`, " +":file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}`" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Recommended locations of the directories containing the include files needed" +" for developing Python extensions and embedding the interpreter." +msgstr "包含开发Python扩展和嵌入解释器所需的include文件的目录的推荐位置" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:136 +msgid "Miscellaneous" +msgstr "杂项" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:138 +msgid "" +"To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable, e.g." +" with" +msgstr "要在Unix上使用Python脚本，需要添加可执行权限，例如：" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:141 +msgid "$ chmod +x script" +msgstr "$ chmod +x script" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:145 +msgid "" +"and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice" +" is usually ::" +msgstr "并在脚本的顶部放置一个合适的Shebang线。一个很好的选择通常是::" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:148 +msgid "#!/usr/bin/env python3" +msgstr "#!/usr/bin/env python3" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:150 +msgid "" +"which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole :envvar:`PATH`. " +"However, some Unices may not have the :program:`env` command, so you may " +"need to hardcode ``/usr/bin/python3`` as the interpreter path." +msgstr "" +"将在整个 :envvar:`PATH` 中搜索Python解释器。但是，某些Unix系统可能没有 :program:`env` 命令，因此可能需要将 " +"``/usr/bin/python3`` 硬编码为解释器路径。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:154 +msgid "" +"To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the :mod:`subprocess` " +"module." +msgstr "要在Python脚本中使用shell命令，请查看 :mod:`subprocess` 模块。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:159 +msgid "Custom OpenSSL" +msgstr "自定义 OpenSSL" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:161 +msgid "" +"To use your vendor's OpenSSL configuration and system trust store, locate " +"the directory with ``openssl.cnf`` file or symlink in ``/etc``. On most " +"distribution the file is either in ``/etc/ssl`` or ``/etc/pki/tls``. The " +"directory should also contain a ``cert.pem`` file and/or a ``certs`` " +"directory." +msgstr "" +"要使用发行商的 OpenSSL 配置和系统信任存储库，请找到包含 ``openssl.cnf`` 文件或符号链接的目录，它位于 ``/etc`` 中。 " +"在大多数发行版上该文件是在 ``/etc/ssl`` 或者 ``/etc/pki/tls`` 中。 该目录还应当包含一个 ``cert.pem`` " +"文件和/或一个 ``certs`` 目录。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:167 +msgid "" +"$ find /etc/ -name openssl.cnf -printf \"%h\\n\"\n" +"/etc/ssl" +msgstr "" +"$ find /etc/ -name openssl.cnf -printf \"%h\\n\"\n" +"/etc/ssl" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Download, build, and install OpenSSL. Make sure you use ``install_sw`` and " +"not ``install``. The ``install_sw`` target does not override " +"``openssl.cnf``." +msgstr "" +"下载、编译并安装 OpenSSL。 请确保你使用 ``install_sw`` 而不是 ``install``。 ``install_sw`` " +"的目标不会覆盖 ``openssl.cnf``。" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:176 +msgid "" +"$ curl -O https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-VERSION.tar.gz\n" +"$ tar xzf openssl-VERSION\n" +"$ pushd openssl-VERSION\n" +"$ ./config \\\n" +" --prefix=/usr/local/custom-openssl \\\n" +" --libdir=lib \\\n" +" --openssldir=/etc/ssl\n" +"$ make -j1 depend\n" +"$ make -j8\n" +"$ make install_sw\n" +"$ popd" +msgstr "" +"$ curl -O https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-VERSION.tar.gz\n" +"$ tar xzf openssl-VERSION\n" +"$ pushd openssl-VERSION\n" +"$ ./config \\\n" +" --prefix=/usr/local/custom-openssl \\\n" +" --libdir=lib \\\n" +" --openssldir=/etc/ssl\n" +"$ make -j1 depend\n" +"$ make -j8\n" +"$ make install_sw\n" +"$ popd" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:190 +msgid "" +"Build Python with custom OpenSSL (see the configure ``--with-openssl`` and " +"``--with-openssl-rpath`` options)" +msgstr "" +"使用自定义的 OpenSSL 编译 Python （参考配置 ``--with-openssl`` 和 ``--with-openssl-rpath``" +" 选项）" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:193 +msgid "" +"$ pushd python-3.x.x\n" +"$ ./configure -C \\\n" +" --with-openssl=/usr/local/custom-openssl \\\n" +" --with-openssl-rpath=auto \\\n" +" --prefix=/usr/local/python-3.x.x\n" +"$ make -j8\n" +"$ make altinstall" +msgstr "" +"$ pushd python-3.x.x\n" +"$ ./configure -C \\\n" +" --with-openssl=/usr/local/custom-openssl \\\n" +" --with-openssl-rpath=auto \\\n" +" --prefix=/usr/local/python-3.x.x\n" +"$ make -j8\n" +"$ make altinstall" + +#: ../../using/unix.rst:205 +msgid "" +"Patch releases of OpenSSL have a backwards compatible ABI. You don't need to" +" recompile Python to update OpenSSL. It's sufficient to replace the custom " +"OpenSSL installation with a newer version." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 的补丁发布版具有向下兼容的 ABI。 你不需要重新编译 Python 来更新 OpenSSL。 使用一个新的版本来替代自定义 " +"OpenSSL 安装版就可以了。" diff --git a/using/windows.po b/using/windows.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7cd9e6953 --- /dev/null +++ b/using/windows.po @@ -0,0 +1,2689 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# hanfeng , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# Zombie110year , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-12 08:36+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:7 +msgid "Using Python on Windows" +msgstr "在Windows上使用 Python" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:12 +msgid "" +"This document aims to give an overview of Windows-specific behaviour you " +"should know about when using Python on Microsoft Windows." +msgstr "本文档旨在概述在 Microsoft Windows 上使用 Python 时应了解的特定于 Windows 的行为。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Unlike most Unix systems and services, Windows does not include a system " +"supported installation of Python. To make Python available, the CPython team" +" has compiled Windows installers with every `release " +"`_ for many years. These installers are " +"primarily intended to add a per-user installation of Python, with the core " +"interpreter and library being used by a single user. The installer is also " +"able to install for all users of a single machine, and a separate ZIP file " +"is available for application-local distributions." +msgstr "" +"不同于大多数 Unix 系统和服务，Windows 未包括任何受系统支持的 Python 预安装版。 为了让 Python 可用，多年以来 " +"CPython 团队为每个 `发布版 `_ 编译了 Windows 安装程序。 " +"这些安装程序主要被用来安装用户级 Python 安装版，包含供单独用户使用的核心解释器和库。 " +"安装程序也能够为单台机器上的所有用户进行安装，还提供了针对应用程序本地分发版的单独 ZIP 文件。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:24 +msgid "" +"As specified in :pep:`11`, a Python release only supports a Windows platform" +" while Microsoft considers the platform under extended support. This means " +"that Python |version| supports Windows 8.1 and newer. If you require Windows" +" 7 support, please install Python 3.8." +msgstr "" +"如 :pep:`11` 所述，Python 发布版对某个 Windows 平台的支持仅限于被 Microsoft 视为处于延长支持周期内的版本。 " +"这意味着 Python |version| 支持 Windows 8.1 及其后的版本。 如果你需要 Windows 7 支持，请安装 Python " +"3.8。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:29 +msgid "" +"There are a number of different installers available for Windows, each with " +"certain benefits and downsides." +msgstr "Windows提供了许多不同的安装程序，每个安装程序都有一定的优点和缺点。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:32 +msgid "" +":ref:`windows-full` contains all components and is the best option for " +"developers using Python for any kind of project." +msgstr ":ref:`windows-full` 内含所有组件，对于使用Python 进行任何类型项目的开发人员而言，它是最佳选择。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:35 +msgid "" +":ref:`windows-store` is a simple installation of Python that is suitable for" +" running scripts and packages, and using IDLE or other development " +"environments. It requires Windows 10 and above, but can be safely installed " +"without corrupting other programs. It also provides many convenient commands" +" for launching Python and its tools." +msgstr "" +":ref:`windows-store` 是一个适用于运行脚本和包，并使用 IDLE 或其他开发环境的简易 Python 安装版。 它需要 " +"Windows 10 或更新的系统，但可以安全地安装而不会破坏其他程序。 它还提供了许多便捷命令用来启动 Python 及其工具。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:41 +msgid "" +":ref:`windows-nuget` are lightweight installations intended for continuous " +"integration systems. It can be used to build Python packages or run scripts," +" but is not updateable and has no user interface tools." +msgstr "" +":ref:`windows-nuget` 是用于持续集成系统的轻量级安装。它可用于构建Python包或运行脚本，但不可更新且没有用户界面工具。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:45 +msgid "" +":ref:`windows-embeddable` is a minimal package of Python suitable for " +"embedding into a larger application." +msgstr ":ref:`windows-embeddable` 是Python的最小安装包，适合嵌入到更大的应用程序中。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:52 +msgid "The full installer" +msgstr "完整安装程序" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:55 +msgid "Installation steps" +msgstr "安装步骤" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:57 +msgid "" +"Four Python |version| installers are available for download - two each for " +"the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the interpreter. The *web installer* is a " +"small initial download, and it will automatically download the required " +"components as necessary. The *offline installer* includes the components " +"necessary for a default installation and only requires an internet " +"connection for optional features. See :ref:`install-layout-option` for other" +" ways to avoid downloading during installation." +msgstr "" +"四个 Python |version| 安装程序可供下载 - 32位和64位版本的各有两个。 *web installer* " +"（网络安装包）是一个小的初始化工具，它将在安装过程中，根据需要自动下载所需的组件。 *offline installer* " +"（离线安装包）内含默认安装所需的组件，可选择功能仍需要Internet连接下载。请参阅 :ref:`install-layout-option` " +"以了解在安装过程中避免下载的其他方法。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:65 +msgid "After starting the installer, one of two options may be selected:" +msgstr "启动安装程序后，可以选择以下两个选项之一：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:69 +msgid "If you select \"Install Now\":" +msgstr "如果选择“Install Now（立即安装）”：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:71 +msgid "" +"You will *not* need to be an administrator (unless a system update for the C" +" Runtime Library is required or you install the :ref:`launcher` for all " +"users)" +msgstr "您 *不* 需要成为管理员（除非需要对C运行库进行系统更新，或者为所有用户安装 :ref:`launcher` ）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:74 +msgid "Python will be installed into your user directory" +msgstr "Python将安装到您的用户目录中" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:75 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`launcher` will be installed according to the option at the bottom " +"of the first page" +msgstr ":ref:`launcher` 将根据第一页底部的选项安装" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:77 +msgid "The standard library, test suite, launcher and pip will be installed" +msgstr "将安装标准库，测试套件，启动器和pip" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:78 +msgid "" +"If selected, the install directory will be added to your :envvar:`PATH`" +msgstr "如果选择将安装目录将添加到 :envvar:`PATH`" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:79 +msgid "Shortcuts will only be visible for the current user" +msgstr "快捷方式仅对当前用户可见" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:81 +msgid "" +"Selecting \"Customize installation\" will allow you to select the features " +"to install, the installation location and other options or post-install " +"actions. To install debugging symbols or binaries, you will need to use this" +" option." +msgstr "选择“自定义安装”将允许您选择：要安装的功能、安装位置、其他选项或安装后的操作。如果要安装调试符号或二进制文件，您需要使用此选项。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:85 +msgid "" +"To perform an all-users installation, you should select \"Customize " +"installation\". In this case:" +msgstr "如要为全部用户安装，应选择“自定义安装”。在这种情况下:" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:88 +msgid "You may be required to provide administrative credentials or approval" +msgstr "您可能需要提供管理凭据或批准" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:89 +msgid "Python will be installed into the Program Files directory" +msgstr "Python 将安装到Program Files目录中" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:90 +msgid "The :ref:`launcher` will be installed into the Windows directory" +msgstr ":ref:`launcher` 将安装到Windows目录中" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:91 +msgid "Optional features may be selected during installation" +msgstr "安装期间可以选择可选功能" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:92 +msgid "The standard library can be pre-compiled to bytecode" +msgstr "标准库可以预编译为字节码" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:93 +msgid "" +"If selected, the install directory will be added to the system " +":envvar:`PATH`" +msgstr "如果选中，安装目录将添加到系统 :envvar:`PATH`" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:94 +msgid "Shortcuts are available for all users" +msgstr "快捷方式所有用户可用" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:99 +msgid "Removing the MAX_PATH Limitation" +msgstr "删除 MAX_PATH 限制" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Windows historically has limited path lengths to 260 characters. This meant " +"that paths longer than this would not resolve and errors would result." +msgstr "历史上Windows的路径长度限制为260个字符。这意味着长于此的路径将无法解决并导致错误。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:104 +msgid "" +"In the latest versions of Windows, this limitation can be expanded to " +"approximately 32,000 characters. Your administrator will need to activate " +"the \"Enable Win32 long paths\" group policy, or set ``LongPathsEnabled`` to" +" ``1`` in the registry key " +"``HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\FileSystem``." +msgstr "" +"在最新版本的 Windows 中，此限制可被扩展到大约 32,000 个字符。 但需要让管理员激活“启用 Win32 长路径”组策略，或在注册表键 " +"``HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\FileSystem`` 中设置 " +"``LongPathsEnabled`` 为 ``1``。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:110 +msgid "" +"This allows the :func:`open` function, the :mod:`os` module and most other " +"path functionality to accept and return paths longer than 260 characters." +msgstr "这允许 :func:`open` 函数，:mod:`os` 模块和大多数其他路径功能接受并返回长度超过 260 个字符的路径。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:113 +msgid "After changing the above option, no further configuration is required." +msgstr "更改上述选项后，无需进一步配置。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:117 +msgid "Support for long paths was enabled in Python." +msgstr "Python中启用了对长路径的支持。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:122 +msgid "Installing Without UI" +msgstr "无UI 安装" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:124 +msgid "" +"All of the options available in the installer UI can also be specified from " +"the command line, allowing scripted installers to replicate an installation " +"on many machines without user interaction. These options may also be set " +"without suppressing the UI in order to change some of the defaults." +msgstr "" +"安装程序UI中的所有选项也可以从命令行指定，允许脚本安装程序在许多机器上复制安装，而无需用户交互。还可以在不禁用UI的情况下设置这些选项，以更改一些默认值。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:129 +msgid "" +"The following options (found by executing the installer with ``/?``) can be " +"passed into the installer:" +msgstr "下列选项（通过附带 ``/?`` 执行安装器来查看）可被传给安装器:" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:133 ../../using/windows.rst:153 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1150 +msgid "Name" +msgstr "名称" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:133 ../../using/windows.rst:153 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1150 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "描述" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:135 +msgid "/passive" +msgstr "/passive" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:135 +msgid "to display progress without requiring user interaction" +msgstr "显示进度而无需用户交互" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:137 +msgid "/quiet" +msgstr "/quiet" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:137 +msgid "to install/uninstall without displaying any UI" +msgstr "安装/卸载时不显示任何 UI" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:139 +msgid "/simple" +msgstr "/simple" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:139 +msgid "to prevent user customization" +msgstr "防止用户定制" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:141 +msgid "/uninstall" +msgstr "/uninstall" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:141 +msgid "to remove Python (without confirmation)" +msgstr "移除 Python（无需确认）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:143 +msgid "/layout [directory]" +msgstr "/layout [directory]" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:143 +msgid "to pre-download all components" +msgstr "预下载所有组件" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:145 +msgid "/log [filename]" +msgstr "/log [filename]" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:145 +msgid "to specify log files location" +msgstr "指定日志记录文件位置" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:148 +msgid "" +"All other options are passed as ``name=value``, where the value is usually " +"``0`` to disable a feature, ``1`` to enable a feature, or a path. The full " +"list of available options is shown below." +msgstr "" +"所有其他选项都传递为 ``name=value`` ，其中值通常是 ``0`` 来禁用某个特性， ``1`` " +"来启用某个特性或路径。可用选项的完整列表如下所示。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:153 +msgid "Default" +msgstr "默认值" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:155 +msgid "InstallAllUsers" +msgstr "InstallAllUsers" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:155 +msgid "Perform a system-wide installation." +msgstr "为所有用户安装。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:155 ../../using/windows.rst:181 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:184 ../../using/windows.rst:188 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:197 ../../using/windows.rst:219 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:227 ../../using/windows.rst:230 +msgid "0" +msgstr "0" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:157 +msgid "TargetDir" +msgstr "TargetDir" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:157 +msgid "The installation directory" +msgstr "安装目录" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:157 +msgid "Selected based on InstallAllUsers" +msgstr "基于InstallAllUsers选择" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:160 +msgid "DefaultAllUsersTargetDir" +msgstr "DefaultAllUsersTargetDir" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:160 +msgid "The default installation directory for all-user installs" +msgstr "为所有用户安装时的默认安装路径" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:160 +msgid "" +":file:`%ProgramFiles%\\\\\\ Python X.Y` or :file:`\\ " +"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\\\\\\ Python X.Y`" +msgstr "" +":file:`%ProgramFiles%\\\\\\ Python X.Y` 或 :file:`\\ " +"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\\\\\\ Python X.Y`" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:165 +msgid "DefaultJustForMeTargetDir" +msgstr "DefaultJustForMeTargetDir" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:165 +msgid "The default install directory for just-for-me installs" +msgstr "仅为当前用户安装时的默认安装路径" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:165 +msgid "" +":file:`%LocalAppData%\\\\\\ Programs\\\\Python\\\\\\ PythonXY` or " +":file:`%LocalAppData%\\\\\\ Programs\\\\Python\\\\\\ PythonXY-32` or " +":file:`%LocalAppData%\\\\\\ Programs\\\\Python\\\\\\ PythonXY-64`" +msgstr "" +":file:`%LocalAppData%\\\\\\ Programs\\\\Python\\\\\\ PythonXY` 或 " +":file:`%LocalAppData%\\\\\\ Programs\\\\Python\\\\\\ PythonXY-32` 或 " +":file:`%LocalAppData%\\\\\\ Programs\\\\Python\\\\\\ PythonXY-64`" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:175 +msgid "DefaultCustomTargetDir" +msgstr "DefaultCustomTargetDir" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:175 +msgid "The default custom install directory displayed in the UI" +msgstr "UI中显示的默认自定义安装目录" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:175 ../../using/windows.rst:232 +msgid "(empty)" +msgstr "（空）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:178 +msgid "AssociateFiles" +msgstr "AssociateFiles" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:178 +msgid "Create file associations if the launcher is also installed." +msgstr "如果还安装了启动器，则创建文件关联。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:178 ../../using/windows.rst:192 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:195 ../../using/windows.rst:199 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:203 ../../using/windows.rst:207 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:209 ../../using/windows.rst:213 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:217 ../../using/windows.rst:221 +#: ../../using/windows.rst:223 ../../using/windows.rst:225 +msgid "1" +msgstr "1" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:181 +msgid "CompileAll" +msgstr "CompileAll" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:181 +msgid "Compile all ``.py`` files to ``.pyc``." +msgstr "将所有 ``.py`` 文件编译为 ``.pyc`` 。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:184 +msgid "PrependPath" +msgstr "PrependPath" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:184 +msgid "" +"Prepend install and Scripts directories to :envvar:`PATH` and add ``.PY`` " +"to :envvar:`PATHEXT`" +msgstr "将安装和脚本目录添加到 :envvar:`PATH` 并将 ``.PY`` 添加到 :envvar:`PATHEXT`" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:188 +msgid "AppendPath" +msgstr "AppendPath" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Append install and Scripts directories to :envvar:`PATH` and add ``.PY`` to" +" :envvar:`PATHEXT`" +msgstr "将安装和脚本目录添加到 :envvar:`PATH` 并将 ``.PY`` 添加到 :envvar:`PATHEXT`" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:192 +msgid "Shortcuts" +msgstr "Shortcuts" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Create shortcuts for the interpreter, documentation and IDLE if installed." +msgstr "如果已安装，为解释器，文档和IDLE创建快捷方式" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:195 +msgid "Include_doc" +msgstr "Include_doc" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:195 +msgid "Install Python manual" +msgstr "安装Python手册" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:197 +msgid "Include_debug" +msgstr "Include_debug" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:197 +msgid "Install debug binaries" +msgstr "安装调试二进制文件" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:199 +msgid "Include_dev" +msgstr "Include_dev" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:199 +msgid "" +"Install developer headers and libraries. Omitting this may lead to an " +"unusable installation." +msgstr "安装开发者头文件和库文件。 省略这一步可能导致安装不可用。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:203 +msgid "Include_exe" +msgstr "Include_exe" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Install :file:`python.exe` and related files. Omitting this may lead to an " +"unusable installation." +msgstr "安装 :file:`python.exe` 以及相关文件。忽略此项可能会导致安装不可用。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:207 +msgid "Include_launcher" +msgstr "Include_launcher" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:207 +msgid "Install :ref:`launcher`." +msgstr "安装 :ref:`launcher` ." + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:209 +msgid "InstallLauncherAllUsers" +msgstr "InstallLauncherAllUsers" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Installs the launcher for all users. Also requires ``Include_launcher`` to " +"be set to 1" +msgstr "为所有用户安装启动器。还需要 ``Include_launcher`` 被设定为1" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:213 +msgid "Include_lib" +msgstr "Include_lib" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:213 +msgid "" +"Install standard library and extension modules. Omitting this may lead to an" +" unusable installation." +msgstr "安装标准库和扩展模块。 省略这一步可能导致安装不可用。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:217 +msgid "Include_pip" +msgstr "Include_pip" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:217 +msgid "Install bundled pip and setuptools" +msgstr "安装捆绑的pip和setuptools" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:219 +msgid "Include_symbols" +msgstr "Include_symbols" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:219 +msgid "Install debugging symbols (``*.pdb``)" +msgstr "安装调试符号集 (``*.pdb``)" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:221 +msgid "Include_tcltk" +msgstr "Include_tcltk" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:221 +msgid "Install Tcl/Tk support and IDLE" +msgstr "安装Tcl/Tk 支持和IDLE" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:223 +msgid "Include_test" +msgstr "Include_test" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:223 +msgid "Install standard library test suite" +msgstr "安装标准库测试套件" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:225 +msgid "Include_tools" +msgstr "Include_tools" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:225 +msgid "Install utility scripts" +msgstr "安装实用程序脚本" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:227 +msgid "LauncherOnly" +msgstr "LauncherOnly" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:227 +msgid "Only installs the launcher. This will override most other options." +msgstr "仅安装启动器。这将覆盖大多数其他选项。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:230 +msgid "SimpleInstall" +msgstr "SimpleInstall" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:230 +msgid "Disable most install UI" +msgstr "禁用大多数安装UI" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:232 +msgid "SimpleInstallDescription" +msgstr "SimpleInstallDescription" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:232 +msgid "A custom message to display when the simplified install UI is used." +msgstr "使用简化安装UI时显示的自定义消息。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:236 +msgid "" +"For example, to silently install a default, system-wide Python installation," +" you could use the following command (from an elevated command prompt)::" +msgstr "例如，要以静默方式全局安装默认的Python，您可以（在命令提示符>）使用以下命令::" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:239 +msgid "python-3.9.0.exe /quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0" +msgstr "" +"python-3.9.0.exe /quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:241 +msgid "" +"To allow users to easily install a personal copy of Python without the test " +"suite, you could provide a shortcut with the following command. This will " +"display a simplified initial page and disallow customization::" +msgstr "要允许用户在没有测试套件的情况下轻松安装Python的个人副本，可以使用以下命令提供快捷方式。这将显示一个简化的初始页面，不允许自定义::" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:245 +msgid "" +"python-3.9.0.exe InstallAllUsers=0 Include_launcher=0 Include_test=0\n" +" SimpleInstall=1 SimpleInstallDescription=\"Just for me, no test suite.\"" +msgstr "" +"python-3.9.0.exe InstallAllUsers=0 Include_launcher=0 Include_test=0\n" +" SimpleInstall=1 SimpleInstallDescription=\"Just for me, no test suite.\"" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:248 +msgid "" +"(Note that omitting the launcher also omits file associations, and is only " +"recommended for per-user installs when there is also a system-wide " +"installation that included the launcher.)" +msgstr "（请注意，省略启动器也会省略文件关联，并且仅在全局安装包含启动器时才建议用于每用户安装。）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:252 +msgid "" +"The options listed above can also be provided in a file named " +"``unattend.xml`` alongside the executable. This file specifies a list of " +"options and values. When a value is provided as an attribute, it will be " +"converted to a number if possible. Values provided as element text are " +"always left as strings. This example file sets the same options as the " +"previous example:" +msgstr "" +"上面列出的选项也可以在一个名为 ``unattend.xml`` " +"的文件中与可执行文件一起提供。此文件指定选项和值的列表。作为属性提供的值，（如果可能）它将转换为数字。作为文本提供的值，始终保留为字符串。此示例文件设置与上一示例采用相同的选项：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:258 +msgid "" +"\n" +" \n" +"" +msgstr "" +"\n" +" \n" +"" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:271 +msgid "Installing Without Downloading" +msgstr "免下载安装" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:273 +msgid "" +"As some features of Python are not included in the initial installer " +"download, selecting those features may require an internet connection. To " +"avoid this need, all possible components may be downloaded on-demand to " +"create a complete *layout* that will no longer require an internet " +"connection regardless of the selected features. Note that this download may " +"be bigger than required, but where a large number of installations are going" +" to be performed it is very useful to have a locally cached copy." +msgstr "" +"由于下载的初始安装包中未包含Python的某些可选功能，如果选择安装这些功能可能需要Internet连接。为了避免这种需要，可以按需下载所有可能的组件，以创建一个完整的布局，该布局将不再需要internet连接，而不管所选择的特性是什么。请注意，此下载可能比要求的要大，但是如果要执行大量安装，则拥有本地缓存​​的副本非常有用。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Execute the following command from Command Prompt to download all possible " +"required files. Remember to substitute ``python-3.9.0.exe`` for the actual " +"name of your installer, and to create layouts in their own directories to " +"avoid collisions between files with the same name." +msgstr "" +"从命令提示符执行以下命令以下载所有可能的必需文件。 请记得要将 ``python-3.9.0.exe`` " +"替换为安装程序的实际名称，并在单独的目录中创建子目录以避免同名文件间的冲突。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:288 +msgid "python-3.9.0.exe /layout [optional target directory]" +msgstr "python-3.9.0.exe /layout [可选的目标目录]" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:290 +msgid "" +"You may also specify the ``/quiet`` option to hide the progress display." +msgstr "您也可以指定 ``/quiet`` 选项来隐藏进度显示。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:293 +msgid "Modifying an install" +msgstr "修改安装" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Once Python has been installed, you can add or remove features through the " +"Programs and Features tool that is part of Windows. Select the Python entry " +"and choose \"Uninstall/Change\" to open the installer in maintenance mode." +msgstr "" +"安装Python后，您可以通过Windows中的“程序和功能”工具添加或删除功能。选择Python条目并选择“卸载/更改”以在维护模式下打开安装程序。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:299 +msgid "" +"\"Modify\" allows you to add or remove features by modifying the checkboxes " +"- unchanged checkboxes will not install or remove anything. Some options " +"cannot be changed in this mode, such as the install directory; to modify " +"these, you will need to remove and then reinstall Python completely." +msgstr "" +"“修改” 允许您通过修改复选框来添加或删除功能 - " +"未更改的复选框将不会安装或删除任何内容。在此模式下无法更改某些选项，例如安装目录；要修改这些，您需要完全删除然后重新安装Python。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:304 +msgid "" +"\"Repair\" will verify all the files that should be installed using the " +"current settings and replace any that have been removed or modified." +msgstr "“修复” 将使用当前设置验证应安装的所有文件，并替换已删除或修改的任何文件" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:307 +msgid "" +"\"Uninstall\" will remove Python entirely, with the exception of the " +":ref:`launcher`, which has its own entry in Programs and Features." +msgstr "“卸载” 将完全删除Python，但 :ref:`launcher` 除外，它在“程序和功能”中有自己的条目。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:313 +msgid "Installing Free-threaded Binaries" +msgstr "安装自由线程二进制文件" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:315 ../../using/windows.rst:501 +msgid "(Experimental)" +msgstr "（试验性功能）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:319 ../../using/windows.rst:505 +msgid "" +"Everything described in this section is considered experimental, and should " +"be expected to change in future releases." +msgstr "本节中描述的所有内容都是试验性的，它们预计会在未来的发布版中发生改变。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:322 +msgid "" +"To install pre-built binaries with free-threading enabled (see :pep:`703`), " +"you should select \"Customize installation\". The second page of options " +"includes the \"Download free-threaded binaries\" checkbox." +msgstr "" +"要安装启用了自由线程的预编译版二进制文件 (参见 :pep:`703`)，你应当选择 \"Customize installation\"。 " +"在第二个选项页中包括了 \"Download free-threaded binaries\" 复选框。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:328 +msgid "" +"Selecting this option will download and install additional binaries to the " +"same location as the main Python install. The main executable is called " +"``python3.13t.exe``, and other binaries either receive a ``t`` suffix or a " +"full ABI suffix. Python source files and bundled third-party dependencies " +"are shared with the main install." +msgstr "" +"选择此选项将下载并将额外的二进制文件安装到与 Python 主安装版本相同的目录下。 主可执行文件的名称为 " +"``python3.13t.exe``，而其他二进制文件将带有 ``t`` 前缀或完整的 ABI 前缀。 Python " +"源文件和捆绑的第三方依赖将与主安装版本共享。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:334 +msgid "" +"The free-threaded version is registered as a regular Python install with the" +" tag ``3.13t`` (with a ``-32`` or ``-arm64`` suffix as normal for those " +"platforms). This allows tools to discover it, and for the :ref:`launcher` to" +" support ``py.exe -3.13t``. Note that the launcher will interpret ``py.exe " +"-3`` (or a ``python3`` shebang) as \"the latest 3.x install\", which will " +"prefer the free-threaded binaries over the regular ones, while ``py.exe " +"-3.13`` will not. If you use the short style of option, you may prefer to " +"not install the free-threaded binaries at this time." +msgstr "" +"自由线程版将被注册为具有 ``3.13t`` 标签的常规 Python 安装版（并会按相应系统平台的惯例附带 ``-32`` 或 ``-arm64`` " +"后缀）。 这使得各种工具能够找到它，并使得 :ref:`launcher` 能够支持 ``py.exe -3.13t``。 请注意 launcher " +"会将 ``py.exe -3`` (或 ``python3`` shebang 行) 解读为“最新的 3.x " +"安装版”，这将使得自由线程版二进制文件优先于常规版，而 ``py.exe -3.13`` 则会使用常规版。 " +"如果你要使用简短风格的选项，那么目前你应该选择不安装自由线程版二进制文件。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:343 +msgid "" +"To specify the install option at the command line, use " +"``Include_freethreaded=1``. See :ref:`install-layout-option` for " +"instructions on pre-emptively downloading the additional binaries for " +"offline install. The options to include debug symbols and binaries also " +"apply to the free-threaded builds." +msgstr "" +"要在命令行中指定安装选项，请使用 ``Include_freethreaded=1``。 请参阅 :ref:`install-layout-" +"option` 获取有关预先下载额外二进制文件供离线安装的指导。 包括调试符号和二进制文件的选项也同样适用于自由线程构建版。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Free-threaded binaries are also available :ref:`on nuget.org `." +msgstr "自由线程版二进制文件也可 :ref:`在 nuget.org ` 获取。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:354 +msgid "The Microsoft Store package" +msgstr "Microsoft Store包" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:358 +msgid "" +"The Microsoft Store package is an easily installable Python interpreter that" +" is intended mainly for interactive use, for example, by students." +msgstr "Microsoft Store 包是一个易于安装的 Python 解释器，主要针对在交互模式下使用，例如用于教学。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:361 +msgid "" +"To install the package, ensure you have the latest Windows 10 updates and " +"search the Microsoft Store app for \"Python |version|\". Ensure that the app" +" you select is published by the Python Software Foundation, and install it." +msgstr "" +"要安装此软件包，请确保您拥有最新的Windows 10更新，并在Microsoft Store应用程序中搜索 \"Python |version|\" " +"。确保您选择的应用程序由 Python Software Foundation 发布并安装。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:366 +msgid "" +"Python will always be available for free on the Microsoft Store. If you are " +"asked to pay for it, you have not selected the correct package." +msgstr "Python将始终在Microsoft Store上免费提供。如果要求您付款，则表示您没有选择正确的包。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:369 +msgid "" +"After installation, Python may be launched by finding it in Start. " +"Alternatively, it will be available from any Command Prompt or PowerShell " +"session by typing ``python``. Further, pip and IDLE may be used by typing " +"``pip`` or ``idle``. IDLE can also be found in Start." +msgstr "" +"安装完成后，可以在开始菜单中找到它来启动 Python。或者可以在命令提示符或 PowerShell 会话中输入 ``python`` " +"来启动。此外可以输入 ``pip`` 或 ``idle`` 来使用 pip 和 IDLE。IDLE 也在开始菜单中。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:374 +msgid "" +"All three commands are also available with version number suffixes, for " +"example, as ``python3.exe`` and ``python3.x.exe`` as well as ``python.exe`` " +"(where ``3.x`` is the specific version you want to launch, such as " +"|version|). Open \"Manage App Execution Aliases\" through Start to select " +"which version of Python is associated with each command. It is recommended " +"to make sure that ``pip`` and ``idle`` are consistent with whichever version" +" of ``python`` is selected." +msgstr "" +"所有这三个命令也可以使用版本号后缀，例如， ``python3.exe`` 和 ``python3.x.exe`` 以及 ``python.exe`` " +"（其中 ``3.x`` 是您要启动的特定版本，例如 |version| ）。在 ``设置-->主页-->应用和功能`` 页面中，点选 " +"``管理可选功能`` ，选择与每个命令关联的python版本。建议确保 ``pip`` 和 ``idle`` 与选择的 ``python`` 版本一致。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:382 +msgid "" +"Virtual environments can be created with ``python -m venv`` and activated " +"and used as normal." +msgstr "可以使用 ``python -m venv`` 创建虚拟环境并激活并正常使用。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:385 +msgid "" +"If you have installed another version of Python and added it to your " +"``PATH`` variable, it will be available as ``python.exe`` rather than the " +"one from the Microsoft Store. To access the new installation, use " +"``python3.exe`` or ``python3.x.exe``." +msgstr "" +"如果你已经安装了另一个版本的Python并将它添加到你的 ``PATH`` 变量中，那么它将作为 ``python.exe`` " +"而不是来自Microsoft Store的那个。要访问新安装，请使用 ``python3.exe`` 或 ``python3.x.exe`` 。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:390 +msgid "" +"The ``py.exe`` launcher will detect this Python installation, but will " +"prefer installations from the traditional installer." +msgstr "``py.exe`` 启动器将检测此 Python 安装版，但会优先使用来自传统安装器的安装版。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:393 +msgid "" +"To remove Python, open Settings and use Apps and Features, or else find " +"Python in Start and right-click to select Uninstall. Uninstalling will " +"remove all packages you installed directly into this Python installation, " +"but will not remove any virtual environments" +msgstr "" +"要删除Python，请打开“设置”并使用“应用程序和功能”，或者在“开始”中找到Python，然后右键单击以选择“卸载”。卸载将删除该已安装Python程序中的所有软件包，但不会删除任何虚拟环境" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:399 +msgid "Known issues" +msgstr "已知的问题" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:402 +msgid "Redirection of local data, registry, and temporary paths" +msgstr "本地数据、注册表项和临时路径的重定向" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Because of restrictions on Microsoft Store apps, Python scripts may not have" +" full write access to shared locations such as :envvar:`TEMP` and the " +"registry. Instead, it will write to a private copy. If your scripts must " +"modify the shared locations, you will need to install the full installer." +msgstr "" +"由于 Microsoft Store 应用程序的限制，Python 脚本可能无法对共享位置如 :envvar:`TEMP` 和注册表进行完全写入访问。 " +"相反同，它将写入到一个私有副本。 如果你的脚本必须修改共享位置，则需要安装完整的安装器。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:409 +msgid "" +"At runtime, Python will use a private copy of well-known Windows folders and" +" the registry. For example, if the environment variable :envvar:`%APPDATA%` " +"is :file:`c:\\\\Users\\\\\\\\AppData\\\\`, then when writing to " +":file:`C:\\\\Users\\\\\\\\AppData\\\\Local` will write to " +":file:`C:\\\\Users\\\\\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Packages\\\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\\\LocalCache\\\\Local\\\\`." +msgstr "" +"在运行时，Python 将使用知名 Windows 文件夹和注册表项的一个私有副本。 例如，如果环境变量 :envvar:`%APPDATA%` 为 " +":file:`c:\\\\Users\\\\\\\\AppData\\\\`，则当写入 " +":file:`C:\\\\Users\\\\\\\\AppData\\\\Local` 时将会写入到 " +":file:`C:\\\\Users\\\\\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Packages\\\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\\\LocalCache\\\\Local\\\\`。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:414 +msgid "" +"When reading files, Windows will return the file from the private folder, or" +" if that does not exist, the real Windows directory. For example reading " +":file:`C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32` returns the contents of " +":file:`C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32` plus the contents of :file:`C:\\\\Program " +"Files\\\\WindowsApps\\\\package_name\\\\VFS\\\\SystemX86`." +msgstr "" +"当读取文件时，Windows 将返回来自私有文件夹的文件，或者如果文件不存在，则返回来自知名 Windows 目录的文件。 例如读取 " +":file:`C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32` 将返回 :file:`C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32` " +"的内容加上 :file:`C:\\\\Program " +"Files\\\\WindowsApps\\\\package_name\\\\VFS\\\\SystemX86` 的内容。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:418 +msgid "" +"You can find the real path of any existing file using " +":func:`os.path.realpath`:" +msgstr "你可以使用 :func:`os.path.realpath` 找到任何现有文件的真实路径:" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:420 +msgid "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> test_file = 'C:\\\\Users\\\\example\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\test.txt'\n" +">>> os.path.realpath(test_file)\n" +"'C:\\\\Users\\\\example\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Packages\\\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\\\LocalCache\\\\Local\\\\test.txt'" +msgstr "" +">>> import os\n" +">>> test_file = 'C:\\\\Users\\\\example\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\test.txt'\n" +">>> os.path.realpath(test_file)\n" +"'C:\\\\Users\\\\example\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Packages\\\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\\\LocalCache\\\\Local\\\\test.txt'" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:427 +msgid "When writing to the Windows Registry, the following behaviors exist:" +msgstr "当写入到 Windows 注册表时，会存在以下行为:" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:429 +msgid "" +"Reading from ``HKLM\\\\Software`` is allowed and results are merged with the" +" :file:`registry.dat` file in the package." +msgstr "从 ``HKLM\\\\Software`` 读取是被允许的并且其结果将与包中的 :file:`registry.dat` 文件合并。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:430 +msgid "" +"Writing to ``HKLM\\\\Software`` is not allowed if the corresponding " +"key/value exists, i.e. modifying existing keys." +msgstr "当相应的键/值存在时向 ``HKLM\\\\Software`` 写入，即修改现有键的值是不被允许的。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:431 +msgid "" +"Writing to ``HKLM\\\\Software`` is allowed as long as a corresponding " +"key/value does not exist in the package and the user has the correct access " +"permissions." +msgstr "当包中相应的键/值不存在并且用户具有正确的访问权限时向 ``HKLM\\\\Software`` 写入是被允许的。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:434 +msgid "" +"For more detail on the technical basis for these limitations, please consult" +" Microsoft's documentation on packaged full-trust apps, currently available " +"at `docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/msix/desktop/desktop-to-uwp-behind-the-" +"scenes `_" +msgstr "" +"有关这些限制的技术原理的更多细节，请查询 Microsoft 对已打包完全可信应用的文档，目前可在 `docs.microsoft.com/en-" +"us/windows/msix/desktop/desktop-to-uwp-behind-the-scenes " +"`_ 获取。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:443 +msgid "The nuget.org packages" +msgstr "nuget.org 安装包" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:447 +msgid "" +"The nuget.org package is a reduced size Python environment intended for use " +"on continuous integration and build systems that do not have a system-wide " +"install of Python. While nuget is \"the package manager for .NET\", it also " +"works perfectly fine for packages containing build-time tools." +msgstr "" +"nuget.org 是一个精简的 Python 环境，用于在没有全局安装 Python 的系统的持续集成和构建。 虽然 nuget " +"是“.NET的包管理器”，但是对于包含构建时工具的包来说，它也可以很好地工作。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:452 +msgid "" +"Visit `nuget.org `_ for the most up-to-date " +"information on using nuget. What follows is a summary that is sufficient for" +" Python developers." +msgstr "" +"访问 `nuget.org `_ 获取有关使用 nuget 的最新信息。 下面的摘要对 Python " +"开发人员来说已经足够了。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:456 +msgid "" +"The ``nuget.exe`` command line tool may be downloaded directly from " +"``https://aka.ms/nugetclidl``, for example, using curl or PowerShell. With " +"the tool, the latest version of Python for 64-bit or 32-bit machines is " +"installed using::" +msgstr "" +"``nuget.exe`` 命令行工具可以直接从 ``https://aka.ms/nugetclidl`` 下载，例如，使用 curl 或 " +"PowerShell。 使用该工具安装 64 位或 32 位最新版本的 Python::" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:461 +msgid "" +"nuget.exe install python -ExcludeVersion -OutputDirectory .\n" +"nuget.exe install pythonx86 -ExcludeVersion -OutputDirectory ." +msgstr "" +"nuget.exe install python -ExcludeVersion -OutputDirectory .\n" +"nuget.exe install pythonx86 -ExcludeVersion -OutputDirectory ." + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:464 +msgid "" +"To select a particular version, add a ``-Version 3.x.y``. The output " +"directory may be changed from ``.``, and the package will be installed into " +"a subdirectory. By default, the subdirectory is named the same as the " +"package, and without the ``-ExcludeVersion`` option this name will include " +"the specific version installed. Inside the subdirectory is a ``tools`` " +"directory that contains the Python installation:" +msgstr "" +"要选择特定版本，请添加 ``-Version 3.x.y`` 。 输出目录可以从 ``.`` 更改，包将安装到子目录中。 " +"默认情况下，子目录的名称与包的名称相同，如果没有 ``-ExcludeVersion`` 选项，则此名称将包含已安装的特定版本。 子目录里面是一个包含 " +"Python 安装的 ``tools`` 目录：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:471 +msgid "" +"# Without -ExcludeVersion\n" +"> .\\python.3.5.2\\tools\\python.exe -V\n" +"Python 3.5.2\n" +"\n" +"# With -ExcludeVersion\n" +"> .\\python\\tools\\python.exe -V\n" +"Python 3.5.2" +msgstr "" +"# Without -ExcludeVersion\n" +"> .\\python.3.5.2\\tools\\python.exe -V\n" +"Python 3.5.2\n" +"\n" +"# With -ExcludeVersion\n" +"> .\\python\\tools\\python.exe -V\n" +"Python 3.5.2" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:481 +msgid "" +"In general, nuget packages are not upgradeable, and newer versions should be" +" installed side-by-side and referenced using the full path. Alternatively, " +"delete the package directory manually and install it again. Many CI systems " +"will do this automatically if they do not preserve files between builds." +msgstr "" +"通常，nuget 包不可升级，应该平行安装较新版本并使用完整路径引用。 或者，手动删除程序包目录并再次安装。 如果在构建之间不保留文件，许多 CI " +"系统将自动执行此操作。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:486 +msgid "" +"Alongside the ``tools`` directory is a ``build\\native`` directory. This " +"contains a MSBuild properties file ``python.props`` that can be used in a " +"C++ project to reference the Python install. Including the settings will " +"automatically use the headers and import libraries in your build." +msgstr "" +"除了 ``tools`` 目录外，还有一个 ``build\\native`` 目录。 它包含一个 MSBuild 属性文件 " +"``python.props``，可以在 C++ 项目中使用该文件来引用 Python 安装。 包含这些设置将自动在生成中使用标头和导入库。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:491 +msgid "" +"The package information pages on nuget.org are " +"`www.nuget.org/packages/python `_ for" +" the 64-bit version, `www.nuget.org/packages/pythonx86 " +"`_ for the 32-bit version, and " +"`www.nuget.org/packages/pythonarm64 " +"`_ for the ARM64 version" +msgstr "" +"在 nuget.org 上的软件包信息页 `www.nuget.org/packages/python " +"`_ 对应 64 " +"位版本，`www.nuget.org/packages/pythonx86 " +"`_ 对应 32 " +"位版本，`www.nuget.org/packages/pythonarm64 " +"`_ 对应 ARM64 版本" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:499 +msgid "Free-threaded packages" +msgstr "自由线程版软件包" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:508 +msgid "" +"Packages containing free-threaded binaries are named `python-freethreaded " +"`_ for the 64-bit " +"version, `pythonx86-freethreaded " +"`_ for the 32-bit " +"version, and `pythonarm64-freethreaded " +"`_ for the ARM64 " +"version. These packages contain both the ``python3.13t.exe`` and " +"``python.exe`` entry points, both of which run free threaded." +msgstr "" +"包含自由线程版二进制文件的包名称 `python-freethreaded " +"`_ 对应 64 " +"位版本，`pythonx86-freethreaded " +"`_ 对应 32 " +"位版本，`pythonarm64-freethreaded " +"`_ 对应 ARM64 版本。 " +"这些包同时包含 ``python3.13t.exe`` 和 ``python.exe`` 入口点，两者均在自由线程模式下运行。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:520 +msgid "The embeddable package" +msgstr "可嵌入的包" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:524 +msgid "" +"The embedded distribution is a ZIP file containing a minimal Python " +"environment. It is intended for acting as part of another application, " +"rather than being directly accessed by end-users." +msgstr "嵌入式发行版是一个包含最小 Python 环境的 ZIP 文件。 它旨在作为另一个应用程序的一部分，而不是由最终用户直接访问。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:528 +msgid "" +"When extracted, the embedded distribution is (almost) fully isolated from " +"the user's system, including environment variables, system registry " +"settings, and installed packages. The standard library is included as pre-" +"compiled and optimized ``.pyc`` files in a ZIP, and ``python3.dll``, " +"``python37.dll``, ``python.exe`` and ``pythonw.exe`` are all provided. " +"Tcl/tk (including all dependents, such as Idle), pip and the Python " +"documentation are not included." +msgstr "" +"在解压缩后，嵌入的分发包（几乎）与用户的系统完全隔离，包括环境变量、系统注册表设置和已安装的软件包。 标准库作为预先编译和优化的 ``.pyc`` " +"文件被包括在一个 ZIP 文件中，并提供了 ``python3.dll``, ``python37.dll``, ``python.exe`` 和 " +"``pythonw.exe``。 其中将不包括 Tcl/tk（包括所有依赖它的包，如 Idle 等）、pip 和 Python 文档。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:537 +msgid "" +"The embedded distribution does not include the `Microsoft C Runtime " +"`_ and it is the responsibility of the " +"application installer to provide this. The runtime may have already been " +"installed on a user's system previously or automatically via Windows Update," +" and can be detected by finding ``ucrtbase.dll`` in the system directory." +msgstr "" +"嵌入式分发版不包括 `Microsoft C 运行时 `_ " +"并由应用程序安装器负责提供此功能。 运行时可能已经预先安装在用户的系统上或是通过 Windows Update 自动安装，并且可以通过在系统目录中查找 " +"``ucrtbase.dll`` 来检测。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:544 +msgid "" +"Third-party packages should be installed by the application installer " +"alongside the embedded distribution. Using pip to manage dependencies as for" +" a regular Python installation is not supported with this distribution, " +"though with some care it may be possible to include and use pip for " +"automatic updates. In general, third-party packages should be treated as " +"part of the application (\"vendoring\") so that the developer can ensure " +"compatibility with newer versions before providing updates to users." +msgstr "" +"第三方软件包应该由应用程序与嵌入式发行版一起安装。这个发行版不支持像常规 Python 安装那样使用 pip 来管理依赖关系，不过可以小心地将 pip " +"包含进来并使用它进行自动更新。 通常，第三方包应该作为应用程序的一部分(“打包”)处理，以便开发人员在向用户提供更新之前能够确保与新版本兼容。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:552 +msgid "" +"The two recommended use cases for this distribution are described below." +msgstr "下面描述了这个发行版的两个推荐用例。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:555 +msgid "Python Application" +msgstr "Python 应用程序" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:557 +msgid "" +"An application written in Python does not necessarily require users to be " +"aware of that fact. The embedded distribution may be used in this case to " +"include a private version of Python in an install package. Depending on how " +"transparent it should be (or conversely, how professional it should appear)," +" there are two options." +msgstr "" +"用 Python 编写的应用程序并不一定要求用户了解这一事实。 在这种情况下，可以使用嵌入式发行版在安装包中包含 Python 的私有版本。 " +"根据它应该有多透明（或者相反，它应该看起来有多专业），有两个选项。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Using a specialized executable as a launcher requires some coding, but " +"provides the most transparent experience for users. With a customized " +"launcher, there are no obvious indications that the program is running on " +"Python: icons can be customized, company and version information can be " +"specified, and file associations behave properly. In most cases, a custom " +"launcher should simply be able to call ``Py_Main`` with a hard-coded command" +" line." +msgstr "" +"使用专门的可执行文件作为启动程序需要一些编码，但为用户提供了最透明的体验。使用定制的启动器，没有明显的迹象表明程序是在 Python " +"上运行的：图标可以定制，公司和版本信息可以指定，文件关联可以正常运行。在大多数情况下，自定义启动程序应该只需使用硬编码的命令行就能调用 " +"``Py_Main``。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:570 +msgid "" +"The simpler approach is to provide a batch file or generated shortcut that " +"directly calls the ``python.exe`` or ``pythonw.exe`` with the required " +"command-line arguments. In this case, the application will appear to be " +"Python and not its actual name, and users may have trouble distinguishing it" +" from other running Python processes or file associations." +msgstr "" +"更简单的方法是提供批处理文件或生成的快捷方式，使用所需的命令行参数直接调用 ``python.exe`` 或 " +"``pythonw.exe``。在这种情况下，应用程序将显示为 Python 而不是其实际名称，并且用户可能无法将其与其他正在运行的 Python " +"进程或文件关联区分开来。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:576 +msgid "" +"With the latter approach, packages should be installed as directories " +"alongside the Python executable to ensure they are available on the path. " +"With the specialized launcher, packages can be located in other locations as" +" there is an opportunity to specify the search path before launching the " +"application." +msgstr "" +"对于后一种方法，包应该与 Python 可执行文件一起作为目录安装，以确保它们在路径上可用。 " +"使用专用的启动器，包可以位于其他位置，因为在启动应用程序之前有机会指定搜索路径。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:582 +msgid "Embedding Python" +msgstr "嵌入Python" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Applications written in native code often require some form of scripting " +"language, and the embedded Python distribution can be used for this purpose." +" In general, the majority of the application is in native code, and some " +"part will either invoke ``python.exe`` or directly use ``python3.dll``. For " +"either case, extracting the embedded distribution to a subdirectory of the " +"application installation is sufficient to provide a loadable Python " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" +"用本地代码编写的应用程序通常需要某种形式的脚本语言，嵌入式Python发行版可以用于此目的。通常，应用程序的大部分都是本机代码，某些部分将调用 " +"``python.exe`` 或直接使用 ``python3.dll`` " +"。无论是哪种情况，将嵌入的发行版解压缩到应用程序安装的子目录中就足以提供可加载的Python解释器。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:591 +msgid "" +"As with the application use, packages can be installed to any location as " +"there is an opportunity to specify search paths before initializing the " +"interpreter. Otherwise, there is no fundamental differences between using " +"the embedded distribution and a regular installation." +msgstr "与应用程序使用一样，包可以安装到任何位置，因为在初始化解释器之前有机会指定搜索路径。否则，使用嵌入式发行版和常规安装之间没有根本区别。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:598 +msgid "Alternative bundles" +msgstr "替代捆绑包" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:600 +msgid "" +"Besides the standard CPython distribution, there are modified packages " +"including additional functionality. The following is a list of popular " +"versions and their key features:" +msgstr "除了标准的CPython发行版之外，还有一些包含附加功能的修改包。以下是热门版本及其主要功能的列表：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:604 +msgid "`ActivePython `_" +msgstr "`ActivePython `_" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:605 +msgid "Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation, PyWin32" +msgstr "具有多平台兼容性的安装程序，文档，PyWin32" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:607 +msgid "`Anaconda `_" +msgstr "`Anaconda `_" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:608 +msgid "" +"Popular scientific modules (such as numpy, scipy and pandas) and the " +"``conda`` package manager." +msgstr "流行的科学模块（如numpy，scipy和pandas）和 ``conda`` 包管理器。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:611 +msgid "" +"`Enthought Deployment Manager " +"`_" +msgstr "`Enthought 部署管理器 `_" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:612 +msgid "\"The Next Generation Python Environment and Package Manager\"." +msgstr "“下一代的 Python 环境和包管理器”" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Previously Enthought provided Canopy, but it `reached end of life in 2016 " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"之前 Enthought 提供了 Canopy，但已经 `于 2016 年结束生命期 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:617 +msgid "`WinPython `_" +msgstr "`WinPython `_" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Windows-specific distribution with prebuilt scientific packages and tools " +"for building packages." +msgstr "特定于Windows的发行版，包含用于构建包的预构建科学包和工具。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:621 +msgid "" +"Note that these packages may not include the latest versions of Python or " +"other libraries, and are not maintained or supported by the core Python " +"team." +msgstr "请注意，这些软件包可能不包含最新版本的Python或其他库，并且不由核心Python团队维护或支持。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:627 +msgid "Configuring Python" +msgstr "配置Python" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:629 +msgid "" +"To run Python conveniently from a command prompt, you might consider " +"changing some default environment variables in Windows. While the installer" +" provides an option to configure the PATH and PATHEXT variables for you, " +"this is only reliable for a single, system-wide installation. If you " +"regularly use multiple versions of Python, consider using the " +":ref:`launcher`." +msgstr "" +"要从命令提示符方便地运行Python，您可以考虑在Windows中更改一些默认环境变量。虽然安装程序提供了为您配置PATH和PATHEXT变量的选项，但这仅适用于单版本、全局安装。如果您经常使用多个版本的Python，请考虑使用" +" :ref:`launcher` 。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:639 +msgid "Excursus: Setting environment variables" +msgstr "附录：设置环境变量" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:641 +msgid "" +"Windows allows environment variables to be configured permanently at both " +"the User level and the System level, or temporarily in a command prompt." +msgstr "Windows允许在用户级别和系统级别永久配置环境变量，或临时在命令提示符中配置环境变量。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:644 +msgid "" +"To temporarily set environment variables, open Command Prompt and use the " +":command:`set` command:" +msgstr "要临时设置环境变量，请打开命令提示符并使用 :command:`set` 命令：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:647 +msgid "" +"C:\\>set PATH=C:\\Program Files\\Python 3.9;%PATH%\n" +"C:\\>set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;C:\\My_python_lib\n" +"C:\\>python" +msgstr "" +"C:\\>set PATH=C:\\Program Files\\Python 3.9;%PATH%\n" +"C:\\>set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;C:\\My_python_lib\n" +"C:\\>python" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:653 +msgid "" +"These changes will apply to any further commands executed in that console, " +"and will be inherited by any applications started from the console." +msgstr "这些环境变量的更改将应用​​于在该控制台中执行的任何其他命令，并且，由该控制台启动的任何应用程序都继承设这些设置。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:656 +msgid "" +"Including the variable name within percent signs will expand to the existing" +" value, allowing you to add your new value at either the start or the end. " +"Modifying :envvar:`PATH` by adding the directory containing " +":program:`python.exe` to the start is a common way to ensure the correct " +"version of Python is launched." +msgstr "" +"在百分号中包含的变量名将被现有值替换，允许在开始或结束时添加新值。通过将包含 :program:`python.exe` 的目录添加到开头来修改 " +":envvar:`PATH` 是确保启动正确版本的Python的常用方法。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:662 +msgid "" +"To permanently modify the default environment variables, click Start and " +"search for 'edit environment variables', or open System properties, " +":guilabel:`Advanced system settings` and click the :guilabel:`Environment " +"Variables` button. In this dialog, you can add or modify User and System " +"variables. To change System variables, you need non-restricted access to " +"your machine (i.e. Administrator rights)." +msgstr "" +"要永久修改默认环境变量，请单击“开始”并搜索“编辑环境变量”，或打开系统属性的 :guilabel:`高级系统设置` ，然后单击 " +":guilabel:`环境变量` 按钮。在此对话框中，您可以添加或修改用户和系统变量。要更改系统变量，您需要对计算机进行无限制访问（即管理员权限）。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:671 +msgid "" +"Windows will concatenate User variables *after* System variables, which may " +"cause unexpected results when modifying :envvar:`PATH`." +msgstr "Windows会将用户变量串联在系统变量 *之后* ，这可能会在修改 :envvar:`PATH` 时导致意外结果。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:674 +msgid "" +"The :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` variable is used by all versions of Python, so you " +"should not permanently configure it unless the listed paths only include " +"code that is compatible with all of your installed Python versions." +msgstr "" +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 变量被 Python 的所有版本使用，因此除非它列出的路径只包含与所有已安装的 Python " +"版本兼容的代码，否则不要永久配置此变量。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:681 +msgid "" +"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/procthread/environment-variables" +msgstr "" +"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/procthread/environment-variables" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:682 +msgid "Overview of environment variables on Windows" +msgstr "Windows 中的环境变量概述" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:684 +msgid "" +"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-" +"commands/set_1" +msgstr "" +"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-" +"commands/set_1" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:685 +msgid "The ``set`` command, for temporarily modifying environment variables" +msgstr "用于临时修改环境变量的 ``set`` 命令" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:687 +msgid "" +"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-" +"commands/setx" +msgstr "" +"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-" +"commands/setx" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:688 +msgid "The ``setx`` command, for permanently modifying environment variables" +msgstr "用于永久修改环境变量的 ``setx`` 命令" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:694 +msgid "Finding the Python executable" +msgstr "查找Python可执行文件" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:698 +msgid "" +"Besides using the automatically created start menu entry for the Python " +"interpreter, you might want to start Python in the command prompt. The " +"installer has an option to set that up for you." +msgstr "除了使用自动创建的Python解释器的开始菜单项之外，您可能还想在命令提示符下启动Python。安装程序有一个选项可以为您设置。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:702 +msgid "" +"On the first page of the installer, an option labelled \"Add Python to " +"PATH\" may be selected to have the installer add the install location into " +"the :envvar:`PATH`. The location of the :file:`Scripts\\\\` folder is also " +"added. This allows you to type :command:`python` to run the interpreter, and" +" :command:`pip` for the package installer. Thus, you can also execute your " +"scripts with command line options, see :ref:`using-on-cmdline` " +"documentation." +msgstr "" +"在安装程序的第一页上，可以选择标记为“将Python添加到环境变量”的选项，以使安装程序将安装位置添加到 :envvar:`PATH` 。还添加了 " +":file:`Scripts\\\\` 文件夹的位置。这允许你输入 :command:`python` 来运行解释器，并且 :command:`pip`" +" 用于包安装程序。因此，您还可以使用命令行选项执行脚本，请参阅 :ref:`using-on-cmdline` 文档。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:709 +msgid "" +"If you don't enable this option at install time, you can always re-run the " +"installer, select Modify, and enable it. Alternatively, you can manually " +"modify the :envvar:`PATH` using the directions in :ref:`setting-envvars`. " +"You need to set your :envvar:`PATH` environment variable to include the " +"directory of your Python installation, delimited by a semicolon from other " +"entries. An example variable could look like this (assuming the first two " +"entries already existed)::" +msgstr "" +"如果在安装时未启用此选项，则始终可以重新运行安装程序，选择“修改”并启用它。或者，您可以使用 :ref:`setting-envvars` " +"的方法手动修改 :envvar:`PATH` 。您需要将Python安装目录添加到 :envvar:`PATH` " +"环境变量中，该内容与其他条目用分号分隔。示例变量可能如下所示（假设前两个条目已经存在）::" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:717 +msgid "C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\Program Files\\Python 3.9" +msgstr "C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\Program Files\\Python 3.9" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:722 +msgid "UTF-8 mode" +msgstr "UTF-8 模式" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:726 +msgid "" +"Windows still uses legacy encodings for the system encoding (the ANSI Code " +"Page). Python uses it for the default encoding of text files (e.g. " +":func:`locale.getencoding`)." +msgstr "" +"Windows 仍然使用传统编码格式作为系统的编码格式 (ANSI 代码页)。 Python 使用它作为文本文件默认的编码格式 (即 " +":func:`locale.getencoding`)。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:730 +msgid "" +"This may cause issues because UTF-8 is widely used on the internet and most " +"Unix systems, including WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)." +msgstr "" +"这可能会造成问题，因为因特网和大多数 Unix 系统包括 WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) 广泛使用 UTF-8。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:733 +msgid "" +"You can use the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode ` to change the default " +"text encoding to UTF-8. You can enable the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode " +"` via the ``-X utf8`` command line option, or the " +"``PYTHONUTF8=1`` environment variable. See :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` for " +"enabling UTF-8 mode, and :ref:`setting-envvars` for how to modify " +"environment variables." +msgstr "" +"你可以使用 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` 将默认的文本编码格式改为 UTF-8。 要启用 " +":ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` 可以通过 ``-X utf8`` 命令行选项，或者 " +"``PYTHONUTF8=1`` 环境变量。 请参阅 :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` 了解如何启用 UTF-8 模式，并参阅 " +":ref:`setting-envvars` 了解如何修改环境变量。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:739 +msgid "" +"When the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode ` is enabled, you can still use " +"the system encoding (the ANSI Code Page) via the \"mbcs\" codec." +msgstr "" +"当 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 ` 启用时，你仍然可以通过 \"mbcs\" 编解码器使用系统编码格式（ANSI " +"代码页）。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:742 +msgid "" +"Note that adding ``PYTHONUTF8=1`` to the default environment variables will " +"affect all Python 3.7+ applications on your system. If you have any Python " +"3.7+ applications which rely on the legacy system encoding, it is " +"recommended to set the environment variable temporarily or use the ``-X " +"utf8`` command line option." +msgstr "" +"请注意添加 ``PYTHONUTF8=1`` 到默认环境变量将会影响你的系统中的所有 Python 3.7+ 应用。 如果你有任何 Python " +"3.7+ 应用仍然依赖于传统的系统编码格式，则推荐设置临时环境变量或使用 ``-X utf8`` 命令行选项。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:749 +msgid "" +"Even when UTF-8 mode is disabled, Python uses UTF-8 by default on Windows " +"for:" +msgstr "即使在不启用 UTF-8 模式时，Windows 版的 Python 也会在以下情况中默认使用 UTF-8：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:752 +msgid "Console I/O including standard I/O (see :pep:`528` for details)." +msgstr "控制台 I/O 包括标准 I/O (详情见 :pep:`528`)。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:753 +msgid "" +"The :term:`filesystem encoding ` (see" +" :pep:`529` for details)." +msgstr "" +":term:`文件系统编码格式 ` (参见 :pep:`529` " +"了解详情)。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:760 +msgid "Python Launcher for Windows" +msgstr "适用于Windows的Python启动器" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:764 +msgid "" +"The Python launcher for Windows is a utility which aids in locating and " +"executing of different Python versions. It allows scripts (or the command-" +"line) to indicate a preference for a specific Python version, and will " +"locate and execute that version." +msgstr "" +"用于Windows的Python启动器是一个实用程序，可帮助定位和执行不同的Python版本。它允许脚本（或命令行）指示特定Python版本的首选项，并将定位并执行该版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:769 +msgid "" +"Unlike the :envvar:`PATH` variable, the launcher will correctly select the " +"most appropriate version of Python. It will prefer per-user installations " +"over system-wide ones, and orders by language version rather than using the " +"most recently installed version." +msgstr "" +"与 :envvar:`PATH` " +"变量不同，启动器将正确选择最合适的Python版本。它更倾向于按用户安装而不是系统安装，并按语言版本排序，而不是使用最新安装的版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:774 +msgid "The launcher was originally specified in :pep:`397`." +msgstr "启动器最初是在 :pep:`397` 中指定的。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:777 +msgid "Getting started" +msgstr "入门" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:780 +msgid "From the command-line" +msgstr "从命令行" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:784 +msgid "" +"System-wide installations of Python 3.3 and later will put the launcher on " +"your :envvar:`PATH`. The launcher is compatible with all available versions " +"of Python, so it does not matter which version is installed. To check that " +"the launcher is available, execute the following command in Command Prompt::" +msgstr "" +"全局安装Python 3.3及更高版本将把启动器放在你的 :envvar:`PATH` " +"上。启动程序与所有可用的Python版本兼容，因此安装哪个版本无关紧要。要检查启动程序是否可用，请在命令提示符中执行以下命令：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:789 +msgid "py" +msgstr "py" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:791 +msgid "" +"You should find that the latest version of Python you have installed is " +"started - it can be exited as normal, and any additional command-line " +"arguments specified will be sent directly to Python." +msgstr "您应该会发现已安装的最新版本的Python已启动 - 它可以正常退出，并且将指定的任何其他命令行参数直接发送到Python。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:795 +msgid "" +"If you have multiple versions of Python installed (e.g., 3.7 and |version|) " +"you will have noticed that Python |version| was started - to launch Python " +"3.7, try the command::" +msgstr "" +"如果您安装了多个版本的Python（例如，3.7和 |version| ），您会注意到Python |version| 启动 - 如果要启动 " +"Python 3.7，尝试命令：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:799 +msgid "py -3.7" +msgstr "py -3.7" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:801 +msgid "" +"If you want the latest version of Python 2 you have installed, try the " +"command::" +msgstr "如果您想使用已安装的 Python 2 的最新版本，请尝试以下命令：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:804 +msgid "py -2" +msgstr "py -2" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:806 +msgid "" +"If you see the following error, you do not have the launcher installed::" +msgstr "如果您看到以下错误，则表明您没有安装启动器：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:808 +msgid "" +"'py' is not recognized as an internal or external command,\n" +"operable program or batch file." +msgstr "'py' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序或批处理文件。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:811 +msgid "The command::" +msgstr "Tix 命令：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:813 +msgid "py --list" +msgstr "py --list" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:815 +msgid "displays the currently installed version(s) of Python." +msgstr "显示当前已安装的Python版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:817 +msgid "" +"The ``-x.y`` argument is the short form of the ``-V:Company/Tag`` argument, " +"which allows selecting a specific Python runtime, including those that may " +"have come from somewhere other than python.org. Any runtime registered by " +"following :pep:`514` will be discoverable. The ``--list`` command lists all " +"available runtimes using the ``-V:`` format." +msgstr "" +"``-x.y`` 参数是 ``-V:Company/Tag`` 参数的简短形式，它允许选择一个特定的 Python 运行时，包括可能来自于 " +"python.org 以外地方的版本。 任何遵循 :pep:`514` 进行注册的运行时都将是可被发现的。 ``--list`` 命令将列出所有使用 " +"``-V:`` 格式的可用运行时。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:823 +msgid "" +"When using the ``-V:`` argument, specifying the Company will limit selection" +" to runtimes from that provider, while specifying only the Tag will select " +"from all providers. Note that omitting the slash implies a tag::" +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``-V:`` 参数时，指定 Company 将把选择限制到来自该提供方的运行时，而仅指定 Tag 将选择来自所有提供方的运行时。 " +"请注意省略斜杠将会视作是一个 Tag::" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:827 +msgid "" +"# Select any '3.*' tagged runtime\n" +"py -V:3\n" +"\n" +"# Select any 'PythonCore' released runtime\n" +"py -V:PythonCore/\n" +"\n" +"# Select PythonCore's latest Python 3 runtime\n" +"py -V:PythonCore/3" +msgstr "" +"# 选择任意带 '3.*' 标签的运行时\n" +"py -V:3\n" +"\n" +"# 选择任何 'PythonCore' 发行的运行时\n" +"py -V:PythonCore/\n" +"\n" +"# 选择 PythonCore 的最新 Python 3 运行时\n" +"py -V:PythonCore/3" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:836 +msgid "" +"The short form of the argument (``-3``) only ever selects from core Python " +"releases, and not other distributions. However, the longer form (``-V:3``) " +"will select from any." +msgstr "" +"该参数的简短形式 (``-3``) 将只选择来自核心 Python 发布版的运行时，而不选择其他分发版。 但是，完整形式 (``-V:3``) " +"则将选择来自任何版本的运行时。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:840 +msgid "" +"The Company is matched on the full string, case-insensitive. The Tag is " +"matched on either the full string, or a prefix, provided the next character " +"is a dot or a hyphen. This allows ``-V:3.1`` to match ``3.1-32``, but not " +"``3.10``. Tags are sorted using numerical ordering (``3.10`` is newer than " +"``3.1``), but are compared using text (``-V:3.01`` does not match ``3.1``)." +msgstr "" +"Company 是在完整字符串上以大小写不敏感的方式进行匹配。 Tag 是在完整字符串或前缀上进行匹配，具体取决于下一个字符是点号还是连字符。 这将允许" +" ``-V:3.1`` 匹配 ``3.1-32``，但不匹配 ``3.10``。 Tag 是使用数字顺序进行排序的 (``3.10`` 比 " +"``3.1`` 新)，但会按文本进行比较 (``-V:3.01`` 将不匹配 ``3.1``)。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:848 +msgid "Virtual environments" +msgstr "从虚拟环境" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:852 +msgid "" +"If the launcher is run with no explicit Python version specification, and a " +"virtual environment (created with the standard library :mod:`venv` module or" +" the external ``virtualenv`` tool) active, the launcher will run the virtual" +" environment's interpreter rather than the global one. To run the global " +"interpreter, either deactivate the virtual environment, or explicitly " +"specify the global Python version." +msgstr "" +"如果启动程序运行时没有明确的Python版本，并且虚拟环境（使用标准库创建 :mod:`venv` 模块或外部 ``virtualenv`` " +"工具）处于活动状态，则启动程序将运行虚拟环境的解释器而不是全局的。要运行全局解释器，请停用虚拟环境，或显式指定全局Python版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:860 +msgid "From a script" +msgstr "从脚本" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:862 +msgid "" +"Let's create a test Python script - create a file called ``hello.py`` with " +"the following contents" +msgstr "让我们创建一个测试Python脚本 - 创建一个名为 ``hello.py`` 的文件，其中包含以下内容" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:865 +msgid "" +"#! python\n" +"import sys\n" +"sys.stdout.write(\"hello from Python %s\\n\" % (sys.version,))" +msgstr "" +"#! python\n" +"import sys\n" +"sys.stdout.write(\"hello from Python %s\\n\" % (sys.version,))" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:871 +msgid "From the directory in which hello.py lives, execute the command::" +msgstr "从hello.py所在的目录中，执行以下命令：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:873 +msgid "py hello.py" +msgstr "py hello.py" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:875 +msgid "" +"You should notice the version number of your latest Python 2.x installation " +"is printed. Now try changing the first line to be:" +msgstr "您应该注意到最新的Python 2.x安装的版本号已打印出来。现在尝试将第一行更改为：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:878 +msgid "#! python3" +msgstr "#! python3" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:882 +msgid "" +"Re-executing the command should now print the latest Python 3.x information." +" As with the above command-line examples, you can specify a more explicit " +"version qualifier. Assuming you have Python 3.7 installed, try changing the" +" first line to ``#! python3.7`` and you should find the 3.7 version " +"information printed." +msgstr "" +"现在重新执行该命令将打印最新的 Python 3.x 信息。 如上面的命令行示例一样，你可以更明确地指定版本限定符。 假设你已安装了 Python " +"3.7，请尝试将第一行改为 ``#! python3.7`` 那么你应当看到打印出了 3.7 的版本信息。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:888 +msgid "" +"Note that unlike interactive use, a bare \"python\" will use the latest " +"version of Python 2.x that you have installed. This is for backward " +"compatibility and for compatibility with Unix, where the command ``python`` " +"typically refers to Python 2." +msgstr "" +"请注意，与交互式使用不同，裸“python”将使用您已安装的Python 2.x的最新版本。这是为了向后兼容及兼容Unix，其中命令 " +"``python`` 通常是指Python 2。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:894 +msgid "From file associations" +msgstr "从文件关联" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:896 +msgid "" +"The launcher should have been associated with Python files (i.e. ``.py``, " +"``.pyw``, ``.pyc`` files) when it was installed. This means that when you " +"double-click on one of these files from Windows explorer the launcher will " +"be used, and therefore you can use the same facilities described above to " +"have the script specify the version which should be used." +msgstr "" +"安装时应该将启动器与Python文件（即 ``.py``, ``.pyw``, ``.pyc`` " +"文件）相关联。这意味着当您从Windows资源管理器中双击其中一个文件时，将使用启动程序，因此您可以使用上述相同的工具让脚本指定应使用的版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:902 +msgid "" +"The key benefit of this is that a single launcher can support multiple " +"Python versions at the same time depending on the contents of the first " +"line." +msgstr "这样做的主要好处是，单个启动程序可以同时支持多个Python版本，具体取决于第一行的内容。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:906 +msgid "Shebang Lines" +msgstr "Shebang 行" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:908 +msgid "" +"If the first line of a script file starts with ``#!``, it is known as a " +"\"shebang\" line. Linux and other Unix like operating systems have native " +"support for such lines and they are commonly used on such systems to " +"indicate how a script should be executed. This launcher allows the same " +"facilities to be used with Python scripts on Windows and the examples above " +"demonstrate their use." +msgstr "" +"如果脚本文件的第一行以 ``#!`` 开头，则称为 \"shebang\" " +"行。Linux和其他类Unix操作系统都有对这些行的本机支持，它们通常在此类系统上用来指示应该如何执行脚本。这个启动器允许在Windows上对Python脚本使用相同的工具，上面的示例演示了它们的使用。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:915 +msgid "" +"To allow shebang lines in Python scripts to be portable between Unix and " +"Windows, this launcher supports a number of 'virtual' commands to specify " +"which interpreter to use. The supported virtual commands are:" +msgstr "" +"为了允许Python脚本中的shebang行在Unix和Windows之间移植，该启动器支持许多“虚拟”命令来指定要使用的解释器。支持的虚拟命令是：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:919 +msgid "``/usr/bin/env``" +msgstr "``/usr/bin/env``" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:920 +msgid "``/usr/bin/python``" +msgstr "``/usr/bin/python``" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:921 +msgid "``/usr/local/bin/python``" +msgstr "``/usr/local/bin/python``" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:922 +msgid "``python``" +msgstr "``python``" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:924 +msgid "For example, if the first line of your script starts with" +msgstr "例如，如果脚本开始的第一行为" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:926 +msgid "#! /usr/bin/python" +msgstr "#! /usr/bin/python" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:930 +msgid "" +"The default Python or an active virtual environment will be located and " +"used. As many Python scripts written to work on Unix will already have this " +"line, you should find these scripts can be used by the launcher without " +"modification. If you are writing a new script on Windows which you hope will" +" be useful on Unix, you should use one of the shebang lines starting with " +"``/usr``." +msgstr "" +"将找到并使用默认的 Python 或激活的虚拟环境。 因为在 Unix 上编写的许多 Python " +"脚本都已经有了这一行，你应该会发现这些脚本可以由启动器使用而无需修改。 如果你在 Windows 上编写一个新脚本并希望其在 Unix " +"上可用，你应当使用某个以 ``/usr`` 开头的 shebang 行。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:936 +msgid "" +"Any of the above virtual commands can be suffixed with an explicit version " +"(either just the major version, or the major and minor version). Furthermore" +" the 32-bit version can be requested by adding \"-32\" after the minor " +"version. I.e. ``/usr/bin/python3.7-32`` will request usage of the 32-bit " +"Python 3.7. If a virtual environment is active, the version will be ignored " +"and the environment will be used." +msgstr "" +"任何上述虚拟命令都可以附带一个显式版本号的后缀（可以是只有主版本号，也可以是有主版本号和次版本号）。 此外还可以在次版本号之后添加 \"-32\" " +"来请求 32 位版本。 即 ``/usr/bin/python3.7-32`` 将请求使用 32 位的 Python 3.7。 " +"如果激活了一个虚拟环境，则将忽略版本号并使用激活的环境。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:945 +msgid "" +"Beginning with python launcher 3.7 it is possible to request 64-bit version " +"by the \"-64\" suffix. Furthermore it is possible to specify a major and " +"architecture without minor (i.e. ``/usr/bin/python3-64``)." +msgstr "" +"从 python 启动器 3.7 开始，可以通过 \"-64\" 后缀调用 64 位版本。 此外还可以指定一个主版本号加架构而不带次版本号 (即 " +"``/usr/bin/python3-64``)。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:951 +msgid "" +"The \"-64\" suffix is deprecated, and now implies \"any architecture that is" +" not provably i386/32-bit\". To request a specific environment, use the new " +":samp:`-V:{TAG}` argument with the complete tag." +msgstr "" +"“-64”后缀已被弃用，现在会被视为“任何不被确定为 i386/32 位的架构”。 要请求一个特定的环境，请使用新的 :samp:`-V:{TAG}` " +"参数并附带完整的标签。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:957 +msgid "" +"Virtual commands referencing ``python`` now prefer an active virtual " +"environment rather than searching :envvar:`PATH`. This handles cases where " +"the shebang specifies ``/usr/bin/env python3`` but :file:`python3.exe` is " +"not present in the active environment." +msgstr "" +"引用了 ``python`` 的虚拟命令现在会优先使用激活的虚拟环境再去搜索 :envvar:`PATH`。 这是为了处理 shebang 指定了 " +"``/usr/bin/env python3`` 但激活的环境中没有 :file:`python3.exe` 的情况。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:962 +msgid "" +"The ``/usr/bin/env`` form of shebang line has one further special property. " +"Before looking for installed Python interpreters, this form will search the " +"executable :envvar:`PATH` for a Python executable matching the name provided" +" as the first argument. This corresponds to the behaviour of the Unix " +"``env`` program, which performs a :envvar:`PATH` search. If an executable " +"matching the first argument after the ``env`` command cannot be found, but " +"the argument starts with ``python``, it will be handled as described for the" +" other virtual commands. The environment variable " +":envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_NO_SEARCH_PATH` may be set (to any value) to skip this " +"search of :envvar:`PATH`." +msgstr "" +"shebang 行的 ``/usr/bin/env`` 形式具有一个额外的特别属性。 在查找已安装的 Python 解释器时，此形式将在可执行程序目录 " +":envvar:`PATH` 中搜索与作为第一个参数传入的名称相匹配的 Python 可执行程序。 这对应于 Unix 中 :envvar:`PATH`" +" 执行搜索的 ``env`` 程序的行为。 如果无法找到与 ``env`` 命令之后的第一个参数相匹配的可执行程序，但该参数是以 ``python`` " +"开头的，它将按针对其他虚拟命令的描述来处理。 可以设置环境变量 :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_NO_SEARCH_PATH` (为任意值) " +"来跳过对 :envvar:`PATH` 的搜索。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:973 +msgid "" +"Shebang lines that do not match any of these patterns are looked up in the " +"``[commands]`` section of the launcher's :ref:`.INI file `. " +"This may be used to handle certain commands in a way that makes sense for " +"your system. The name of the command must be a single argument (no spaces in" +" the shebang executable), and the value substituted is the full path to the " +"executable (additional arguments specified in the .INI will be quoted as " +"part of the filename)." +msgstr "" +"无法匹配这些模式中任何一个的井号叹号行将在启动器的 :ref:`.INI 文件 ` 的 ``[commands]`` " +"一节中查找。 这可被用来以对你的系统来说有意义的方式处理某些命令。 " +"命名的名称必须是一个单独的参数（在井号叹号行的可执行程序中不可有空格），而被替代的值则是该可执行程序的完整路径（在 .INI " +"中指定的附加参数将作为文件名的一部分被引用）。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:981 +msgid "" +"[commands]\n" +"/bin/xpython=C:\\Program Files\\XPython\\python.exe" +msgstr "" +"[commands]\n" +"/bin/xpython=C:\\Program Files\\XPython\\python.exe" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:986 +msgid "" +"Any commands not found in the .INI file are treated as **Windows** " +"executable paths that are absolute or relative to the directory containing " +"the script file. This is a convenience for Windows-only scripts, such as " +"those generated by an installer, since the behavior is not compatible with " +"Unix-style shells. These paths may be quoted, and may include multiple " +"arguments, after which the path to the script and any additional arguments " +"will be appended." +msgstr "" +"任何未出现在 .INI 文件中的命令都会被当作 **Windows** 可执行程序的绝对或相对于包含脚本文件的目录的路径。 这对于 Windows " +"专属的脚本来说很方便，例如由安装器所生成的脚本，因为此行为与 Unix 风格的 shell 是不兼容的。 " +"这些路径可以加上引号，并可以包含多个参数，在它之后将会加上脚本路径以及任何附加参数。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:995 +msgid "Arguments in shebang lines" +msgstr "shebang 行的参数" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:997 +msgid "" +"The shebang lines can also specify additional options to be passed to the " +"Python interpreter. For example, if you have a shebang line:" +msgstr "shebang 行还可以指定要传递给Python解释器的其他选项。 举例来说，如果你有这样的 shebang 行：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1000 +msgid "#! /usr/bin/python -v" +msgstr "#! /usr/bin/python -v" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1004 +msgid "Then Python will be started with the ``-v`` option" +msgstr "那么 Python 将以 ``-v`` 选项启动" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1007 +msgid "Customization" +msgstr "自定义" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1012 +msgid "Customization via INI files" +msgstr "通过INI文件自定义" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"Two .ini files will be searched by the launcher - ``py.ini`` in the current " +"user's application data directory (``%LOCALAPPDATA%`` or " +"``$env:LocalAppData``) and ``py.ini`` in the same directory as the launcher." +" The same .ini files are used for both the 'console' version of the launcher" +" (i.e. py.exe) and for the 'windows' version (i.e. pyw.exe)." +msgstr "" +"启动器将搜索两个 .ini 文件 —— 当前用户应用程序数据目录中的 ``py.ini`` (``%LOCALAPPDATA%`` 或 " +"``$env:LocalAppData``) 以及启动器所在目录中的 ``py.ini``。 同样的 .ini 文件还会被用于启动器的‘控制台’版本 " +"(即 py.exe) 和‘窗口’版本 (即 pyw.exe)。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"Customization specified in the \"application directory\" will have " +"precedence over the one next to the executable, so a user, who may not have " +"write access to the .ini file next to the launcher, can override commands in" +" that global .ini file." +msgstr "" +"“应用程序目录”中指定的自定义优先于可执行文件旁边.ini文件的自定义，因此对启动程序旁边的.ini文件不具有写访问权限的用户可以覆盖该全局.ini文件中的命令。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1025 +msgid "Customizing default Python versions" +msgstr "自定义默认的Python版本" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"In some cases, a version qualifier can be included in a command to dictate " +"which version of Python will be used by the command. A version qualifier " +"starts with a major version number and can optionally be followed by a " +"period ('.') and a minor version specifier. Furthermore it is possible to " +"specify if a 32 or 64 bit implementation shall be requested by adding " +"\"-32\" or \"-64\"." +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下，可以在命令中包含版本限定符，以指定命令将使用哪个Python版本。版本限定符以主版本号开头，可以选择后跟 ('.') " +"和次版本说明符。此外，可以通过添加 \"-32\" 或 “-64” 来指定是请求32位还是64位实现。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"For example, a shebang line of ``#!python`` has no version qualifier, while " +"``#!python3`` has a version qualifier which specifies only a major version." +msgstr "" +"例如，一个shebang 行的 ``#!python`` 行没有版本限定符，而 ``#!python3`` 有一个版本限定符，它只指定一个主版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"If no version qualifiers are found in a command, the environment variable " +":envvar:`PY_PYTHON` can be set to specify the default version qualifier. If " +"it is not set, the default is \"3\". The variable can specify any value that" +" may be passed on the command line, such as \"3\", \"3.7\", \"3.7-32\" or " +"\"3.7-64\". (Note that the \"-64\" option is only available with the " +"launcher included with Python 3.7 or newer.)" +msgstr "" +"如果在命令中找不到版本限定符，则可以设置环境变量 :envvar:`PY_PYTHON` 以指定默认版本限定符。 如果未设置，则默认为 \"3\"。 " +"该变量可以指定能通过命令行传递的任何值，比如 \"3\", \"3.7\", \"3.7-32\" 或 \"3.7-64\"。 （请注意 \"-64\"" +" 选项仅适用于 Python 3.7 或更高版本中包含的启动器。）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"If no minor version qualifiers are found, the environment variable " +"``PY_PYTHON{major}`` (where ``{major}`` is the current major version " +"qualifier as determined above) can be set to specify the full version. If no" +" such option is found, the launcher will enumerate the installed Python " +"versions and use the latest minor release found for the major version, which" +" is likely, although not guaranteed, to be the most recently installed " +"version in that family." +msgstr "" +"如果没有找到次版本限定符，则可以设置环境变量 ``PY_PYTHON{major}`` （其中 ``{major}`` " +"是上面确定的当前主要版本限定符）以指定完整版本。如果没有找到这样的选项，启动器将枚举已安装的Python版本并使用为主要版本找到的最新次要版本，尽管不能保证，但该版本可能是该系列中最新安装的版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"On 64-bit Windows with both 32-bit and 64-bit implementations of the same " +"(major.minor) Python version installed, the 64-bit version will always be " +"preferred. This will be true for both 32-bit and 64-bit implementations of " +"the launcher - a 32-bit launcher will prefer to execute a 64-bit Python " +"installation of the specified version if available. This is so the behavior " +"of the launcher can be predicted knowing only what versions are installed on" +" the PC and without regard to the order in which they were installed (i.e., " +"without knowing whether a 32 or 64-bit version of Python and corresponding " +"launcher was installed last). As noted above, an optional \"-32\" or \"-64\"" +" suffix can be used on a version specifier to change this behaviour." +msgstr "" +"在安装了相同（major.minor）Python版本的32位和64位的64位Windows上，64位版本将始终是首选。对于启动程序的32位和64位实现都是如此" +" -- 这对于启动程序32位和64位都是正确的 -- " +"如果可用，32位启动程序将倾向于执行指定版本的64位Python安装。这样就可以预测启动器的行为，只知道PC上安装了哪些版本，而不考虑它们的安装顺序（即，不知道32位或64位版本的Python和相应的启动器是否是最后安装）。如上所述，可以在版本说明符上使用可选的“-32”或“-64”后缀来更改此行为。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1062 +msgid "Examples:" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"If no relevant options are set, the commands ``python`` and ``python2`` will" +" use the latest Python 2.x version installed and the command ``python3`` " +"will use the latest Python 3.x installed." +msgstr "" +"如果没有设置相关选项，命令 ``python`` 和 ``python2`` 将使用安装的最新Python 2.x版本，命令 ``python3`` " +"将使用最新安装的Python 3.x." + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"The command ``python3.7`` will not consult any options at all as the " +"versions are fully specified." +msgstr "命令 ``python3.7`` 根本不会查阅任何选项，因为版本已完全指定。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1071 +msgid "" +"If ``PY_PYTHON=3``, the commands ``python`` and ``python3`` will both use " +"the latest installed Python 3 version." +msgstr "如果 ``PY_PYTHON=3`` ，命令 ``python`` 和 ``python3`` 都将使用最新安装的Python 3版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"If ``PY_PYTHON=3.7-32``, the command ``python`` will use the 32-bit " +"implementation of 3.7 whereas the command ``python3`` will use the latest " +"installed Python (PY_PYTHON was not considered at all as a major version was" +" specified.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``PY_PYTHON=3.7-32`` ，命令 ``python`` 将使用3.7的32位实现，而命令 ``python3`` " +"将使用最新安装的Python（PY_PYTHON根本没有被视为指定了主要版本。）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1079 +msgid "" +"If ``PY_PYTHON=3`` and ``PY_PYTHON3=3.7``, the commands ``python`` and " +"``python3`` will both use specifically 3.7" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``PY_PYTHON=3`` 且 ``PY_PYTHON3=3.7`` ，命令 ``python`` 和 ``python3`` " +"都将特别使用3.7" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"In addition to environment variables, the same settings can be configured in" +" the .INI file used by the launcher. The section in the INI file is called " +"``[defaults]`` and the key name will be the same as the environment " +"variables without the leading ``PY_`` prefix (and note that the key names in" +" the INI file are case insensitive.) The contents of an environment " +"variable will override things specified in the INI file." +msgstr "" +"除环境变量外，还可以在启动程序使用的.INI文件中配置相同的设置。 INI文件中的部分称为 ``[defaults]`` ，键名称将与没有前导 " +"``PY_`` 前缀的环境变量相同（并注意INI文件中的键名不区分大小写） 。）环境变量的内容将覆盖INI文件中指定的内容。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1089 +msgid "For example:" +msgstr "例如:" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1091 +msgid "Setting ``PY_PYTHON=3.7`` is equivalent to the INI file containing:" +msgstr "设置 ``PY_PYTHON=3.7`` 等同于包含以下内容的INI文件：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"[defaults]\n" +"python=3.7" +msgstr "" +"[defaults]\n" +"python=3.7" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"Setting ``PY_PYTHON=3`` and ``PY_PYTHON3=3.7`` is equivalent to the INI file" +" containing:" +msgstr "设置 ``PY_PYTHON=3`` 和 ``PY_PYTHON3=3.7`` 相当于包含以下内容的INI文件：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"[defaults]\n" +"python=3\n" +"python3=3.7" +msgstr "" +"[defaults]\n" +"python=3\n" +"python3=3.7" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1108 +msgid "Diagnostics" +msgstr "诊断" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"If an environment variable :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_DEBUG` is set (to any value)," +" the launcher will print diagnostic information to stderr (i.e. to the " +"console). While this information manages to be simultaneously verbose *and* " +"terse, it should allow you to see what versions of Python were located, why " +"a particular version was chosen and the exact command-line used to execute " +"the target Python. It is primarily intended for testing and debugging." +msgstr "" +"如果环境变量 :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_DEBUG` 已设置（为任何值），启动器将把诊断信息打印到 stderr（即控制台）。 " +"此信息会尽量做到既详细 *又* 简洁，它应当允许你查看已被定位的 Python 的版本，特定版本为何被选择以及被用于执行目标 Python " +"的实际命令行。 它的主要目标是用于测试和调试。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1118 +msgid "Dry Run" +msgstr "试运行" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"If an environment variable :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_DRYRUN` is set (to any " +"value), the launcher will output the command it would have run, but will not" +" actually launch Python. This may be useful for tools that want to use the " +"launcher to detect and then launch Python directly. Note that the command " +"written to standard output is always encoded using UTF-8, and may not render" +" correctly in the console." +msgstr "" +"如果环境变量 :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_DRYRUN` 已设置（为任意值），启动器将输出它将要运行的命令，但不会实际启动 Python。 " +"这对于想要使用启动器执行检测然后再直接启动 Python 的工具来说很有用处。 请注意写入到标准输出的命令总是会使用 UTF-8 " +"来编码，因而在控制台中可能无法正确渲染。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1128 +msgid "Install on demand" +msgstr "按需安装" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"If an environment variable :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_ALLOW_INSTALL` is set (to any" +" value), and the requested Python version is not installed but is available " +"on the Microsoft Store, the launcher will attempt to install it. This may " +"require user interaction to complete, and you may need to run the command " +"again." +msgstr "" +"如果环境变量 :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_ALLOW_INSTALL` 已经设置（为任何值），而所请求的 Python 版本没有安装但可以在" +" Microsoft Store 获得，启动器将尝试安装它。 这可能需要用户进行交互来完成，你可能需要再次运行此命令。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1135 +msgid "" +"An additional :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_ALWAYS_INSTALL` variable causes the " +"launcher to always try to install Python, even if it is detected. This is " +"mainly intended for testing (and should be used with " +":envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_DRYRUN`)." +msgstr "" +"额外的 :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_ALWAYS_INSTALL` 变量将导致启动器总是尝试安装 Python，即使它已经被检测到。 " +"这主要是出于测试目的（并且应当与 :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_DRYRUN` 一起使用）。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1140 +msgid "Return codes" +msgstr "返回码" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"The following exit codes may be returned by the Python launcher. " +"Unfortunately, there is no way to distinguish these from the exit code of " +"Python itself." +msgstr "Python 启动器可能返回以下的退出码。 不幸的是，没有任何办法可以将这些退出码与 Python 本身的退出码区分开来。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1145 +msgid "" +"The names of codes are as used in the sources, and are only for reference. " +"There is no way to access or resolve them apart from reading this page. " +"Entries are listed in alphabetical order of names." +msgstr "退出码的名称将在源代码中使用，并且仅供参考。 除了阅读本页面以外没有其他办法可以获取或解读它们。 这些条目是以名称的字母顺序列出的。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1150 +msgid "Value" +msgstr "值" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1152 +msgid "RC_BAD_VENV_CFG" +msgstr "RC_BAD_VENV_CFG" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1152 +msgid "107" +msgstr "107" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1152 +msgid "A :file:`pyvenv.cfg` was found but is corrupt." +msgstr "找到了 :file:`pyvenv.cfg` 但文件已损坏。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1154 +msgid "RC_CREATE_PROCESS" +msgstr "RC_CREATE_PROCESS" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1154 +msgid "101" +msgstr "101" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1154 +msgid "Failed to launch Python." +msgstr "启动 Python 失败。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1156 +msgid "RC_INSTALLING" +msgstr "RC_INSTALLING" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1156 +msgid "111" +msgstr "111" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1156 +msgid "" +"An install was started, but the command will need to be re-run after it " +"completes." +msgstr "安装已启动，但命令需要在其完成后重新运行。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1159 +msgid "RC_INTERNAL_ERROR" +msgstr "RC_INTERNAL_ERROR" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1159 +msgid "109" +msgstr "109" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1159 +msgid "Unexpected error. Please report a bug." +msgstr "未预期的错误。 请报告程序错误。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1161 +msgid "RC_NO_COMMANDLINE" +msgstr "RC_NO_COMMANDLINE" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1161 +msgid "108" +msgstr "108" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1161 +msgid "Unable to obtain command line from the operating system." +msgstr "无法从操作系统获取命令行。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1164 +msgid "RC_NO_PYTHON" +msgstr "RC_NO_PYTHON" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1164 +msgid "103" +msgstr "103" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1164 +msgid "Unable to locate the requested version." +msgstr "无法定位所请求的版本。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1166 +msgid "RC_NO_VENV_CFG" +msgstr "RC_NO_VENV_CFG" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1166 +msgid "106" +msgstr "106" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1166 +msgid "A :file:`pyvenv.cfg` was required but not found." +msgstr "需要 :file:`pyvenv.cfg` 但没有找到。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1174 +msgid "Finding modules" +msgstr "查找模块" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"These notes supplement the description at :ref:`sys-path-init` with detailed" +" Windows notes." +msgstr "这些注释以详细的 Windows 注释对 :ref:`sys-path-init` 中的描述进行了补充。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1179 +msgid "" +"When no ``._pth`` file is found, this is how :data:`sys.path` is populated " +"on Windows:" +msgstr "当找不到 ``._pth`` 文件时， :data:`sys.path` 是如何在Windows上填充的：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1182 +msgid "" +"An empty entry is added at the start, which corresponds to the current " +"directory." +msgstr "在开始时，添加一个空条目，该条目对应于当前目录。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"If the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` exists, as described in " +":ref:`using-on-envvars`, its entries are added next. Note that on Windows, " +"paths in this variable must be separated by semicolons, to distinguish them " +"from the colon used in drive identifiers (``C:\\`` etc.)." +msgstr "" +"如果环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 存在，如 :ref:`using-on-envvars` " +"中所述，则接下来添加其条目。请注意，在Windows上，此变量中的路径必须用分号分隔，以区别于驱动器标识符中使用的冒号（ ``C:\\`` 等）。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"Additional \"application paths\" can be added in the registry as subkeys of " +":samp:`\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Python\\\\PythonCore\\\\{version}\\\\PythonPath` " +"under both the ``HKEY_CURRENT_USER`` and ``HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE`` hives. " +"Subkeys which have semicolon-delimited path strings as their default value " +"will cause each path to be added to :data:`sys.path`. (Note that all known " +"installers only use HKLM, so HKCU is typically empty.)" +msgstr "" +"额外的 \"应用程序路径\" 可以作为子键被同时添加到注册表 ``HKEY_CURRENT_USER`` 和 " +"``HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE`` 分支下的 " +":samp:`\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Python\\\\PythonCore\\\\{version}\\\\PythonPath` 中。 " +"以分号分隔的路径字符串作为默认值的子键将导致每个路径都被添加到 :data:`sys.path` 中。 （请注意所有已知的安装程序都只使用 " +"HKLM，因此 HKCU 通常为空。）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"If the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is set, it is assumed as " +"\"Python Home\". Otherwise, the path of the main Python executable is used " +"to locate a \"landmark file\" (either ``Lib\\os.py`` or ``pythonXY.zip``) to" +" deduce the \"Python Home\". If a Python home is found, the relevant sub-" +"directories added to :data:`sys.path` (``Lib``, ``plat-win``, etc) are based" +" on that folder. Otherwise, the core Python path is constructed from the " +"PythonPath stored in the registry." +msgstr "" +"如果设置了环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` ，则将其假定为 “Python 主目录” 。否则，主Python可执行文件的路径用于定位" +" “landmark 文件” （ ``Lib\\os.py`` 或 ``pythonXY.zip`` ）以推断 ”Python 主目录“ " +"。如果找到了Python主目录，则基于该文件夹将相关的子目录添加到 :data:`sys.path` （``Lib`` , ``plat-win`` " +"等）。否则，核心Python路径是从存储在注册表中的PythonPath构造的。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"If the Python Home cannot be located, no :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` is specified " +"in the environment, and no registry entries can be found, a default path " +"with relative entries is used (e.g. ``.\\Lib;.\\plat-win``, etc)." +msgstr "" +"如果找不到Python Home，也没有指定 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 环境变量，并且找不到注册表项，则使用具有相对条目的默认路径（例如" +" ``.\\Lib; .\\plat-win`` 等等）。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1209 +msgid "" +"If a ``pyvenv.cfg`` file is found alongside the main executable or in the " +"directory one level above the executable, the following variations apply:" +msgstr "如果在主可执行文件旁边或在可执行文件上一级的目录中找到 ``pyvenv.cfg`` 文件，则以下变体适用：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1212 +msgid "" +"If ``home`` is an absolute path and :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is not set, this " +"path is used instead of the path to the main executable when deducing the " +"home location." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``home`` 是一个绝对路径，并且 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 未设置，则在推断起始位置时使用此路径而不是主可执行文件的路径。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1216 +msgid "The end result of all this is:" +msgstr "这一切的最终结果是：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1218 +msgid "" +"When running :file:`python.exe`, or any other .exe in the main Python " +"directory (either an installed version, or directly from the PCbuild " +"directory), the core path is deduced, and the core paths in the registry are" +" ignored. Other \"application paths\" in the registry are always read." +msgstr "" +"运行 :file:`python.exe` " +"，或主Python目录中的任何其他.exe（安装版本，或直接来自PCbuild目录）时，推导出核心路径，并忽略注册表中的核心路径。始终读取注册表中的其他“应用程序路径”。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"When Python is hosted in another .exe (different directory, embedded via " +"COM, etc), the \"Python Home\" will not be deduced, so the core path from " +"the registry is used. Other \"application paths\" in the registry are " +"always read." +msgstr "" +"当Python托管在另一个.exe（不同的目录，通过COM嵌入等）时，将不会推断出“Python " +"Home”，因此使用了来自注册表的核心路径。始终读取注册表中的其他“应用程序路径”。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"If Python can't find its home and there are no registry value (frozen .exe, " +"some very strange installation setup) you get a path with some default, but " +"relative, paths." +msgstr "" +"如果Python找不到它的主目录并且没有注册表值（冻结的.exe，一些非常奇怪的安装设置），那么你会得到一条带有一些默认但相对的路径的路径。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1231 +msgid "" +"For those who want to bundle Python into their application or distribution, " +"the following advice will prevent conflicts with other installations:" +msgstr "对于那些想要将Python捆绑到其应用程序或发行版中的人，以下建议将防止与其他安装冲突：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1234 +msgid "" +"Include a ``._pth`` file alongside your executable containing the " +"directories to include. This will ignore paths listed in the registry and " +"environment variables, and also ignore :mod:`site` unless ``import site`` is" +" listed." +msgstr "" +"在您的可执行文件中包含一个 ``._pth`` 文件，其中包含目录。这将忽略注册表和环境变量中列出的路径，并忽略 :mod:`site` ，除非列出 " +"``import site`` 。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1239 +msgid "" +"If you are loading :file:`python3.dll` or :file:`python37.dll` in your own " +"executable, explicitly set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` before " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`." +msgstr "" +"如果你在自己的可执行文件中加载 :file:`python3.dll` 或 :file:`python37.dll`，请在 " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` 之前显式地设置 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1243 +msgid "" +"Clear and/or overwrite :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` and set :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` " +"before launching :file:`python.exe` from your application." +msgstr "" +"清除 和/或 覆盖 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 并在启动来自应用程序的 :file:`python.exe` 之前设置 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1246 +msgid "" +"If you cannot use the previous suggestions (for example, you are a " +"distribution that allows people to run :file:`python.exe` directly), ensure " +"that the landmark file (:file:`Lib\\\\os.py`) exists in your install " +"directory. (Note that it will not be detected inside a ZIP file, but a " +"correctly named ZIP file will be detected instead.)" +msgstr "" +"如果您不能使用前面的建议（例如，您是一个允许人们直接运行 :file:`python.exe` 的分发版），请确保安装目录中存在 landmark 文件" +" (:file:`Lib\\\\os.py`)。 （请注意，在 ZIP 文件中不会检测到该文件，但会检测到正确命名的 ZIP 文件。）" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1252 +msgid "" +"These will ensure that the files in a system-wide installation will not take" +" precedence over the copy of the standard library bundled with your " +"application. Otherwise, your users may experience problems using your " +"application. Note that the first suggestion is the best, as the others may " +"still be susceptible to non-standard paths in the registry and user site-" +"packages." +msgstr "" +"这些将确保系统范围安装中的文件不会优先于与应用程序捆绑在一起的标准库的副本。否则，用户可能会在使用您的应用程序时遇到问题请注意，第一个建议是最好的，因为其他建议可能仍然容易受到注册表和用户站点包中的非标准路径的影响。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"Add ``._pth`` file support and removes ``applocal`` option from " +"``pyvenv.cfg``." +msgstr "添加 ``._pth`` 文件支持并从 ``pyvenv.cfg`` 中移除了 ``applocal`` 选项。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"Add :file:`python{XX}.zip` as a potential landmark when directly adjacent to" +" the executable." +msgstr "当与可执行文件直接相邻时将添加 :file:`python{XX}.zip` 作为潜在的标志物。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"Modules specified in the registry under ``Modules`` (not ``PythonPath``) may" +" be imported by :class:`importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder`. This " +"finder is enabled on Windows in 3.6.0 and earlier, but may need to be " +"explicitly added to :data:`sys.meta_path` in the future." +msgstr "" +"在 ``Modules`` (不是 ``PythonPath``) 下的注册表中指定的模块可以通过 " +":class:`importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder` 导入。 在 Windows 上此查找器在 " +"3.6.0 及更早版本中被启用，但在将来可能需要显式地添加到 :data:`sys.meta_path`。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1276 +msgid "Additional modules" +msgstr "附加模块" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Even though Python aims to be portable among all platforms, there are " +"features that are unique to Windows. A couple of modules, both in the " +"standard library and external, and snippets exist to use these features." +msgstr "尽管Python的目标是在所有平台中都可移植，但是Windows有一些独特的特性。在标准库和外部都有一些模块和代码片段在使用这些特性。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1282 +msgid "" +"The Windows-specific standard modules are documented in :ref:`mswin-" +"specific-services`." +msgstr "特定于Windows的标准模块记录在 :ref:`mswin-specific-services` 中。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1286 +msgid "PyWin32" +msgstr "PyWin32" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"The :pypi:`PyWin32` module by Mark Hammond is a collection of modules for " +"advanced Windows-specific support. This includes utilities for:" +msgstr "" +"Mark Hammond 编写的 :pypi:`PyWin32` 模块是一组用于高级 Windows 专属支持的模块。 这包括以下实用工具：" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"`Component Object Model " +"`_ (COM)" +msgstr "" +"`Component Object Model " +"`_ (COM)" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1295 +msgid "Win32 API calls" +msgstr "Win32 API 调用" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1296 +msgid "Registry" +msgstr "注册" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1297 +msgid "Event log" +msgstr "事件日志" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1298 +msgid "" +"`Microsoft Foundation Classes `_ (MFC) user interfaces" +msgstr "" +"`Microsoft Foundation Classes `_ (MFC) 用户接口" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"`PythonWin `_ is a sample MFC application " +"shipped with PyWin32. It is an embeddable IDE with a built-in debugger." +msgstr "" +"`PythonWin `_ " +"是PyWin32附带的一个示例MFC应用程序。它是一个内置调试器的可嵌入IDE。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1308 +msgid "" +"`Win32 How Do I...? `_" +msgstr "" +"`Win32 How Do I...? `_" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1309 +msgid "by Tim Golden" +msgstr "Tim Golden 著" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1311 +msgid "`Python and COM `_" +msgstr "`Python and COM `_" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1312 +msgid "by David and Paul Boddie" +msgstr "David 和 Paul Boddie 著" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1316 +msgid "cx_Freeze" +msgstr "cx_Freeze" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"`cx_Freeze `_ wraps Python " +"scripts into executable Windows programs (:file:`{*}.exe` files). When you " +"have done this, you can distribute your application without requiring your " +"users to install Python." +msgstr "" +"`cx_Freeze `_ 将 Python " +"脚本包装成可执行的 Windows 程序 (:file:`{*}.exe` 文件)。 当你完成此操作后，你就可以分发你的应用程序而无需用户安装 " +"Python。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1325 +msgid "Compiling Python on Windows" +msgstr "在Windows上编译Python" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get " +"the `source `_. You can download " +"either the latest release's source or just grab a fresh `checkout " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"如果你想要自己编译 CPython，首先要做的是获取 `源代码 " +"`_。 你可以下载最新发行版的源代码或是执行最新的 `签出 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1332 +msgid "" +"The source tree contains a build solution and project files for Microsoft " +"Visual Studio, which is the compiler used to build the official Python " +"releases. These files are in the :file:`PCbuild` directory." +msgstr "" +"源代码树包含Microsoft Visual Studio的构建解决方案和项目文件，它是用于构建官方Python版本的编译器。这些文件位于 " +":file:`PCbuild` 目录中。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"Check :file:`PCbuild/readme.txt` for general information on the build " +"process." +msgstr "检查 :file:`PCbuild/readme.txt` 以获取有关构建过程的一般信息。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1338 +msgid "For extension modules, consult :ref:`building-on-windows`." +msgstr "有关扩展模块，请参阅 :ref:`building-on-windows` 。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1342 +msgid "Other Platforms" +msgstr "其他平台" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1344 +msgid "" +"With ongoing development of Python, some platforms that used to be supported" +" earlier are no longer supported (due to the lack of users or developers). " +"Check :pep:`11` for details on all unsupported platforms." +msgstr "" +"随着Python的不断发展，不再支持以前曾经支持的一些平台（由于缺少用户或开发人员）。检查 :pep:`11` 了解所有不支持的平台的详细信息。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"`Windows CE `_ is `no longer supported " +"`__ since Python 3 (if it " +"ever was)." +msgstr "" +"`Windows CE `_ 自 Python 3 起 `不再受支持 " +"`__ (如果曾经受支持的话)。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1351 +msgid "" +"The `Cygwin `_ installer offers to install the `Python " +"interpreter `__ as well" +msgstr "" +"Cygwin ``_安装程序也提供了安装 `Python 解释器 " +"`__ 的功能。" + +#: ../../using/windows.rst:1355 +msgid "" +"See `Python for Windows `_ for " +"detailed information about platforms with pre-compiled installers." +msgstr "" +"有关具有预编译安装程序平台的详细信息，请参阅 `Python for Windows " +"`_" diff --git a/whatsnew/2.0.po b/whatsnew/2.0.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9de4eed8 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.0.po @@ -0,0 +1,2267 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# Vincent , 2022 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-08 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:3 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.0" +msgstr "Python 2.0 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:5 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling and Moshe Zadka" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling 和 Moshe Zadka" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:13 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:15 +msgid "" +"A new release of Python, version 2.0, was released on October 16, 2000. This" +" article covers the exciting new features in 2.0, highlights some other " +"useful changes, and points out a few incompatible changes that may require " +"rewriting code." +msgstr "" +" 新的发行版 Python 2.0 发布于2000年10月16 日。本文介绍了 Python 2.0 " +"中令人兴奋的新功能，着重描述了一些其他有用的更改，并指出了一些可能需要重写代码的不兼容更改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:20 +msgid "" +"Python's development never completely stops between releases, and a steady " +"flow of bug fixes and improvements are always being submitted. A host of " +"minor fixes, a few optimizations, additional docstrings, and better error " +"messages went into 2.0; to list them all would be impossible, but they're " +"certainly significant. Consult the publicly available CVS logs if you want " +"to see the full list. This progress is due to the five developers working " +"for PythonLabs are now getting paid to spend their days fixing bugs, and " +"also due to the improved communication resulting from moving to " +"SourceForge." +msgstr "" +"Python 的开发工作在版本发布之间绝不会完全停止，总是会有错误修复和改进被持续地提交。 2.0 " +"中包含了大量的小问题修正、一些性能优化、额外的文档字符串和更完善的错误消息；要列出所有这些是不可能的，但它们确实带来了明显的变化。 " +"如果你想查看完整清单可以参阅公开的 CVS 日志。 这些进展归功于为 PythonLabs " +"工作的五位开发者，他们现在可以付出时间修复问题并获得报酬，同时也归功于迁移到 SourceForge 后在沟通方面的改善。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:33 +msgid "What About Python 1.6?" +msgstr "Python 1.6 将会怎样？" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:35 +msgid "" +"Python 1.6 can be thought of as the Contractual Obligations Python release. " +"After the core development team left CNRI in May 2000, CNRI requested that a" +" 1.6 release be created, containing all the work on Python that had been " +"performed at CNRI. Python 1.6 therefore represents the state of the CVS " +"tree as of May 2000, with the most significant new feature being Unicode " +"support. Development continued after May, of course, so the 1.6 tree " +"received a few fixes to ensure that it's forward-compatible with Python 2.0." +" 1.6 is therefore part of Python's evolution, and not a side branch." +msgstr "" +"Python 1.6 可以被视为继续履行合同义务的 Python 发布版。 在核心开发团队于 2000 年 5 月离开 CNRI 之后，CNRI " +"要求创建一个 1.6 发布版，其中包含 CNRI 在 Python 项目上已完成的所有工作。 因此 Python 1.6 代表了截至 2000 年 5 " +"月的 CVS 树的状态，其中最重要的新特性是 Unicode 支持。 当然，5 月之后开发工作仍在继续，因此 1.6 树接受了一些修正以确保它对 " +"Python 2.0 向上兼容。 所以 1.6 仍是 Python 演化过程的组成部分，而不是一个旁支。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:44 +msgid "" +"So, should you take much interest in Python 1.6? Probably not. The " +"1.6final and 2.0beta1 releases were made on the same day (September 5, " +"2000), the plan being to finalize Python 2.0 within a month or so. If you " +"have applications to maintain, there seems little point in breaking things " +"by moving to 1.6, fixing them, and then having another round of breakage " +"within a month by moving to 2.0; you're better off just going straight to " +"2.0. Most of the really interesting features described in this document are" +" only in 2.0, because a lot of work was done between May and September." +msgstr "" +"那么，你应该对 Python 1.6 保持更多关注吗？也许不必。 1.6final 和 2.0beta1 是在同一天（2000 年 9 月 5 " +"日）发布的，计划在一个月左右的时间内完成 Python 2.0 正式版。 如果你有应用程序需要维护，那么迁移到 1.6 " +"破坏兼容性，修复它们，然后在一个月内又迁移到 2.0 再进行新一轮的兼容性修复的做法似乎没有什么意义；你最好直接迁移到 2.0。 " +"本文档中介绍的大多数真正值得关注的特性都只出现在 2.0 中，因为很多工作都是在 5 月到 9 月之间完成的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:57 +msgid "New Development Process" +msgstr "新开发流程" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:59 +msgid "" +"The most important change in Python 2.0 may not be to the code at all, but " +"to how Python is developed: in May 2000 the Python developers began using " +"the tools made available by SourceForge for storing source code, tracking " +"bug reports, and managing the queue of patch submissions. To report bugs or" +" submit patches for Python 2.0, use the bug tracking and patch manager tools" +" available from Python's project page, located at " +"https://sourceforge.net/projects/python/." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.0 中最重要的变化可能根本不是代码，而是 Python 的开发方式：在 2000 年 5 月，Python 开发者开始使用 " +"SourceForge 提供的工具来存储源代码、跟踪错误报告以及管理补丁提交队列。 要报告 Python 2.0 的错误或提交补丁，请使用位于 " +"https://sourceforge.net/projects/python/ 的 Python项目页上的错误跟踪和补丁管理器工具。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:66 +msgid "" +"The most important of the services now hosted at SourceForge is the Python " +"CVS tree, the version-controlled repository containing the source code for " +"Python. Previously, there were roughly 7 or so people who had write access " +"to the CVS tree, and all patches had to be inspected and checked in by one " +"of the people on this short list. Obviously, this wasn't very scalable. By " +"moving the CVS tree to SourceForge, it became possible to grant write access" +" to more people; as of September 2000 there were 27 people able to check in " +"changes, a fourfold increase. This makes possible large-scale changes that " +"wouldn't be attempted if they'd have to be filtered through the small group " +"of core developers. For example, one day Peter Schneider-Kamp took it into " +"his head to drop K&R C compatibility and convert the C source for Python to " +"ANSI C. After getting approval on the python-dev mailing list, he launched " +"into a flurry of checkins that lasted about a week, other developers joined " +"in to help, and the job was done. If there were only 5 people with write " +"access, probably that task would have been viewed as \"nice, but not worth " +"the time and effort needed\" and it would never have gotten done." +msgstr "" +"现在托管在SourceForge的最重要的服务是Python " +"CVS树，这是一个包含Python源代码的版本控制库。以前，大约有7个左右的人可以写入CVS树，所有的补丁都必须由这个短名单上的一个人检查和签到。很明显，这并不是非常可扩展的。通过将CVS树转移到SourceForge，有可能向更多的人授予写访问权；截至2000年9月，有27人能够检查变化，增加了4倍。这使得大规模的改变成为可能，如果它们必须通过一小群核心开发者来过滤，就不会被尝试。例如，有一天Peter" +" Schneider-Kamp想到了放弃K&R C的兼容性，将Python的C源转换为ANSI C。在获得python-" +"dev邮件列表的批准后，他发起了一连串的签到，持续了大约一周，其他开发人员加入了进来帮忙，工作就完成了。如果只有5个人可以接触到写作，那么这项任务可能会被视为" +" \"不错，但不值得花费时间和精力，而且它永远不会完成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:83 +msgid "" +"The shift to using SourceForge's services has resulted in a remarkable " +"increase in the speed of development. Patches now get submitted, commented " +"on, revised by people other than the original submitter, and bounced back " +"and forth between people until the patch is deemed worth checking in. Bugs " +"are tracked in one central location and can be assigned to a specific person" +" for fixing, and we can count the number of open bugs to measure progress. " +"This didn't come without a cost: developers now have more e-mail to deal " +"with, more mailing lists to follow, and special tools had to be written for " +"the new environment. For example, SourceForge sends default patch and bug " +"notification e-mail messages that are completely unhelpful, so Ka-Ping Yee " +"wrote an HTML screen-scraper that sends more useful messages." +msgstr "" +"转向使用 SourceForge 的服务显著提高了开发速度。 " +"补丁现在由原提交者以外的人提交、评论、修改，并在不同人员之间来回传递，直到补丁被认为值得检入。 " +"程序错误在一个中心位置被跟踪，并可以分配给特定人员进行修复，我们还可以统计未解决程序错误的数量来衡量进度。 " +"这并不是没有代价的：开发人员现在需要处理更多的电子邮件，关注更多的邮件列表，并且需要为新环境编写专门的工具。 例如，SourceForge " +"发送的默认补丁和错误通知电子邮件完全无用，所以 Ka-Ping Yee 编写了一个 HTML 屏幕抓取器以便发送更有用的信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The ease of adding code caused a few initial growing pains, such as code was" +" checked in before it was ready or without getting clear agreement from the " +"developer group. The approval process that has emerged is somewhat similar " +"to that used by the Apache group. Developers can vote +1, +0, -0, or -1 on a" +" patch; +1 and -1 denote acceptance or rejection, while +0 and -0 mean the " +"developer is mostly indifferent to the change, though with a slight positive" +" or negative slant. The most significant change from the Apache model is " +"that the voting is essentially advisory, letting Guido van Rossum, who has " +"Benevolent Dictator For Life status, know what the general opinion is. He " +"can still ignore the result of a vote, and approve or reject a change even " +"if the community disagrees with him." +msgstr "" +"添加代码的便利性引发了一些初期的成长痛苦，比如代码在准备好之前或未经开发者团队明确同意就被检入。 现在形成的审批流程有点类似于 Apache " +"团队所使用的流程。 开发者可以对补丁投票：+1、+0、-0 或 -1；+1 和 -1 表示接受或拒绝，而 +0 和 -0 " +"则表示开发者对变更大多持无所谓的态度，但略有正面或负面的倾向。 与 Apache 模型最显著的变化是投票本质上是咨询性的，让拥有终身仁慈独裁者地位的 " +"Guido van Rossum 了解总体意见。 他仍然可以忽略投票结果，并批准或拒绝变更，即使社区不同意他的决定。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:106 +msgid "" +"Producing an actual patch is the last step in adding a new feature, and is " +"usually easy compared to the earlier task of coming up with a good design. " +"Discussions of new features can often explode into lengthy mailing list " +"threads, making the discussion hard to follow, and no one can read every " +"posting to python-dev. Therefore, a relatively formal process has been set " +"up to write Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs), modelled on the internet " +"RFC process. PEPs are draft documents that describe a proposed new feature," +" and are continually revised until the community reaches a consensus, either" +" accepting or rejecting the proposal. Quoting from the introduction to " +":pep:`1`, \"PEP Purpose and Guidelines\":" +msgstr "" +"实际产生补丁是添加新功能的最后一步，与之前指定一个好的设计相比，这通常比较容易。 " +"对于新功能的讨论往往会变成冗长的邮件列表帖子，使讨论难以跟踪，并且没有人能够阅读每一条发给 python-dev 的帖子。 " +"因此，建议了一个相对正式的流程来编写 Python 增强提案（PEP），该流程借鉴了互联网 RFC 流程。 PEP " +"是描述拟议新特性的草案文件，并不断修改，直到社区达成共识，接受或拒绝该提案。 引用自 :pep:`1` 的介绍部分 \"PEP Purpose and " +"Guidelines\"：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:120 +msgid "" +"PEP stands for Python Enhancement Proposal. A PEP is a design document " +"providing information to the Python community, or describing a new feature " +"for Python. The PEP should provide a concise technical specification of the" +" feature and a rationale for the feature." +msgstr "" +"PEP 是 Python Enhancement Proposal 的缩写。 一个 PEP 就是一份设计文档，用来向 Python " +"社区提供信息，或描述一个 Python 新增特性。 PEP 应当提供对所提议特性的精确的技术规格和原理说明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:125 +msgid "" +"We intend PEPs to be the primary mechanisms for proposing new features, for " +"collecting community input on an issue, and for documenting the design " +"decisions that have gone into Python. The PEP author is responsible for " +"building consensus within the community and documenting dissenting opinions." +msgstr "" +"我们打算将 PEP 作为提出新特性建议、收集社区对特定问题意见以及为必须加入 Python 的设计决策编写文档的首选机制。 PEP " +"的作者有责任在社区内部建立共识，并应将对立的观点也记入文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:130 +msgid "" +"Read the rest of :pep:`1` for the details of the PEP editorial process, " +"style, and format. PEPs are kept in the Python CVS tree on SourceForge, " +"though they're not part of the Python 2.0 distribution, and are also " +"available in HTML form from https://peps.python.org/. As of September 2000," +" there are 25 PEPs, ranging from :pep:`201`, \"Lockstep Iteration\", to PEP " +"225, \"Elementwise/Objectwise Operators\"." +msgstr "" +"请阅读 :pep:`1` 的其余部分以了解 PEP 编辑流程、风格和格式的详细信息。 PEP 保存在 SourceForge 的Python CVS " +"树中，尽管它们不是 Python 2.0 发行版的一部分，但也可以从 https://peps.python.org/ 以 HTML 形式获取。 截至 " +"2000 年 9 月，共有 25 个 PEP，从 :pep:`201` \"Lockstep Iteration\" 到PEP 225 " +"\"Elementwise/Objectwise Operators\"。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:141 +msgid "Unicode" +msgstr "Unicode" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The largest new feature in Python 2.0 is a new fundamental data type: " +"Unicode strings. Unicode uses 16-bit numbers to represent characters " +"instead of the 8-bit number used by ASCII, meaning that 65,536 distinct " +"characters can be supported." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.0 中最大的新特性是引入了一种新的基本数据类型：Unicode 字符串。 Unicode 使用 16 位二进制数表示字符，而不是 " +"ASCII 所使用的 8 位，这意味着可以支持 65,536 个不同的字符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:148 +msgid "" +"The final interface for Unicode support was arrived at through countless " +"often-stormy discussions on the python-dev mailing list, and mostly " +"implemented by Marc-André Lemburg, based on a Unicode string type " +"implementation by Fredrik Lundh. A detailed explanation of the interface " +"was written up as :pep:`100`, \"Python Unicode Integration\". This article " +"will simply cover the most significant points about the Unicode interfaces." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 支持的最终接口是通过在 python-dev 邮件列表上无数次激烈的讨论达成的，主要由 Marc-André Lemburg 基于 " +"Fredrik Lundh 的 Unicode 字符串类型实现来完成。 详细的接口说明被写成了 :pep:`100` \"Python Unicode " +"Integration\"。 这篇文章只简单地涵盖关于 Unicode 接口的最重要信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:155 +msgid "" +"In Python source code, Unicode strings are written as ``u\"string\"``. " +"Arbitrary Unicode characters can be written using a new escape sequence, " +":samp:`\\\\u{HHHH}`, where *HHHH* is a 4-digit hexadecimal number from 0000 " +"to FFFF. The existing :samp:`\\\\x{HH}` escape sequence can also be used, " +"and octal escapes can be used for characters up to U+01FF, which is " +"represented by ``\\777``." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 源代码中，Unicode 字符串被写成 ``u\"string\"``。 任意的 Unicode 字符可以使用新的转义序列 " +":samp:`\\\\u{HHHH}` 来表示，其中 *HHHH* 是一个从 0000 到 FFFF 的 4 位十六进制数字。 现有的 " +":samp:`\\\\x{HH}` 转义序列也可以使用，而八进制转义序列可以用于最多到 U+01FF 码位的字符，即表示为 ``\\777``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:161 +msgid "" +"Unicode strings, just like regular strings, are an immutable sequence type. " +"They can be indexed and sliced, but not modified in place. Unicode strings " +"have an ``encode( [encoding] )`` method that returns an 8-bit string in the " +"desired encoding. Encodings are named by strings, such as ``'ascii'``, " +"``'utf-8'``, ``'iso-8859-1'``, or whatever. A codec API is defined for " +"implementing and registering new encodings that are then available " +"throughout a Python program. If an encoding isn't specified, the default " +"encoding is usually 7-bit ASCII, though it can be changed for your Python " +"installation by calling the ``sys.setdefaultencoding(encoding)`` function in" +" a customized version of :file:`site.py`." +msgstr "" +"Unicode 字符串和常规字符串一样，是一种不可变的序列类型。 它们可以被索引和切片，但不能原地修改。 Unicode 字符串有一个 " +"``encode( [encoding] )`` 方法，该方法返回一个以所需编码格式表示的 8 位字符串。 编码格式通过字符串命名，如 " +"``'ascii'``、``'utf-8'``、``'iso-8859-1'`` 等等。 为实现和注册新的编码格式定义了一个编解码器 " +"API，这些编码格式随后可在整个 Python 程序中使用。 如果未指定编码格式，默认编码格式通常是 7 位 ASCII，不过这可以通过在自定义版本的 " +":file:`site.py` 模块中调用 ``sys.setdefaultencoding(encoding)`` 函数来更改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Combining 8-bit and Unicode strings always coerces to Unicode, using the " +"default ASCII encoding; the result of ``'a' + u'bc'`` is ``u'abc'``." +msgstr "" +"将 8 比特位和 Unicode 的字符串结合使用时将总是会使用默认 ASCII 编码格式强制转换到 Unicode；``'a' + u'bc'`` " +"的结果将为 ``u'abc'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:175 +msgid "" +"New built-in functions have been added, and existing built-ins modified to " +"support Unicode:" +msgstr "新增了一批内置函数，现有的内置函数也被修改为支持 Unicode：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:178 +msgid "" +"``unichr(ch)`` returns a Unicode string 1 character long, containing the " +"character *ch*." +msgstr "``unichr(ch)`` 将返回长度为 1 个字符的 Unicode 字符串，其中包含字符 *ch*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:181 +msgid "" +"``ord(u)``, where *u* is a 1-character regular or Unicode string, returns " +"the number of the character as an integer." +msgstr "``ord(u)``，其中 *u* 是长度为 1 个字符的常规或 Unicode 字符串，将以整数形式返回该字符的码位值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:184 +msgid "" +"``unicode(string [, encoding] [, errors] )`` creates a Unicode string from " +"an 8-bit string. ``encoding`` is a string naming the encoding to use. The " +"``errors`` parameter specifies the treatment of characters that are invalid " +"for the current encoding; passing ``'strict'`` as the value causes an " +"exception to be raised on any encoding error, while ``'ignore'`` causes " +"errors to be silently ignored and ``'replace'`` uses U+FFFD, the official " +"replacement character, in case of any problems." +msgstr "" +"函数 ``unicode(string [, encoding] [, errors] )`` 从 8 位字符串创建一个 Unicode 字符串。 " +"``encoding`` 是一个指定使用编码格式的字符串。``errors`` 参数指定如何处理当前编码格式中无效的字符；传入 ``'strict'``" +" 作为参数值会在有任何编码错误时引发异常，而 ``'ignore'`` 会静默忽略错误，``'replace'`` 则在出现问题时使用 U+FFFD " +"即官方的替换字符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:192 +msgid "" +"The ``exec`` statement, and various built-ins such as ``eval()``, " +"``getattr()``, and ``setattr()`` will also accept Unicode strings as well as" +" regular strings. (It's possible that the process of fixing this missed " +"some built-ins; if you find a built-in function that accepts strings but " +"doesn't accept Unicode strings at all, please report it as a bug.)" +msgstr "" +"``exec`` 语句，以及各种内置函数如 ``eval()``，``getattr()`` 和 ``setattr()`` 也会接受 Unicode " +"字符串和普通字符串。 （修复过程中可能会遗漏一些内置函数；如果你发现一个接受字符串但完全不接受 Unicode 字符串的内置函数，请报告此错误。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:198 +msgid "" +"A new module, :mod:`unicodedata`, provides an interface to Unicode character" +" properties. For example, ``unicodedata.category(u'A')`` returns the " +"2-character string 'Lu', the 'L' denoting it's a letter, and 'u' meaning " +"that it's uppercase. ``unicodedata.bidirectional(u'\\u0660')`` returns 'AN'," +" meaning that U+0660 is an Arabic number." +msgstr "" +"一个新的模块 :mod:`unicodedata` 提供了对 Unicode 字符属性的接口。 " +"例如，``unicodedata.category(u'A')`` 返回 2 个字符的字符串 'Lu'，其中 'L' 表示这是一个字母，'u' " +"表示这是一个大写字母。 ``unicodedata.bidirectional(u'\\u0660')`` 返回 'AN'，表示 U+0660 " +"是一个阿拉伯数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:204 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`codecs` module contains functions to look up existing encodings " +"and register new ones. Unless you want to implement a new encoding, you'll " +"most often use the ``codecs.lookup(encoding)`` function, which returns a " +"4-element tuple: ``(encode_func, decode_func, stream_reader, " +"stream_writer)``." +msgstr "" +":mod:`codecs` 模块包含查找现有编码格式和注册新编码格式的函数。 除非你想实现一个新的编码格式，否则你最常使用的是 " +"``codecs.lookup(encoding)`` 函数，它返回一个 4 元素的元组: ``(encode_func, decode_func, " +"stream_reader, stream_writer)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:209 +msgid "" +"*encode_func* is a function that takes a Unicode string, and returns a " +"2-tuple ``(string, length)``. *string* is an 8-bit string containing a " +"portion (perhaps all) of the Unicode string converted into the given " +"encoding, and *length* tells you how much of the Unicode string was " +"converted." +msgstr "" +"*encode_func* 是一个接受 Unicode 字符串的函数，并返回一个 2 元组 ``(string, length)``。 *string*" +" 是一个包含部分（可能是全部） Unicode 字符串转换为指定编码的 8 位字符串，*length* 告诉你转换了多少 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:214 +msgid "" +"*decode_func* is the opposite of *encode_func*, taking an 8-bit string and " +"returning a 2-tuple ``(ustring, length)``, consisting of the resulting " +"Unicode string *ustring* and the integer *length* telling how much of the " +"8-bit string was consumed." +msgstr "" +"*decode_func* 与 *encode_func* 相反，它接受一个 8 位字符串并返回一个 2 元组 ``(ustring, " +"length)``，其中 *ustring* 是转换得到的 Unicode 字符串，*length* 是一个整数，表示消耗了多少 8 位字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:219 +msgid "" +"*stream_reader* is a class that supports decoding input from a stream. " +"*stream_reader(file_obj)* returns an object that supports the :meth:`!read`," +" :meth:`!readline`, and :meth:`!readlines` methods. These methods will all " +"translate from the given encoding and return Unicode strings." +msgstr "" +"*stream_reader* 是一个支持从流中解码输入的类。 *stream_reader(file_obj)* 返回一个支持 " +":meth:`!read`，:meth:`!readline` 和 :meth:`!readlines` 方法的对象。 这些方法都会从指定编码转换并返回" +" Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:224 +msgid "" +"*stream_writer*, similarly, is a class that supports encoding output to a " +"stream. *stream_writer(file_obj)* returns an object that supports the " +":meth:`!write` and :meth:`!writelines` methods. These methods expect " +"Unicode strings, translating them to the given encoding on output." +msgstr "" +"*stream_writer* 同样是一个支持将输出编码到流中的类。 *stream_writer(file_obj)* 返回一个支持 " +":meth:`!write` 和 :meth:`!writelines` 方法的对象。 这些方法期望接收 Unicode " +"字符串，并在输出时将使用指定的编码格式来转换它们。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:229 +msgid "" +"For example, the following code writes a Unicode string into a file, " +"encoding it as UTF-8::" +msgstr "例如，以下的代码将 Unicode 字符串写入一个 UTF-8 编码的文件::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:232 +msgid "" +"import codecs\n" +"\n" +"unistr = u'\\u0660\\u2000ab ...'\n" +"\n" +"(UTF8_encode, UTF8_decode,\n" +" UTF8_streamreader, UTF8_streamwriter) = codecs.lookup('UTF-8')\n" +"\n" +"output = UTF8_streamwriter( open( '/tmp/output', 'wb') )\n" +"output.write( unistr )\n" +"output.close()" +msgstr "" +"import codecs\n" +"\n" +"unistr = u'\\u0660\\u2000ab ...'\n" +"\n" +"(UTF8_encode, UTF8_decode,\n" +" UTF8_streamreader, UTF8_streamwriter) = codecs.lookup('UTF-8')\n" +"\n" +"output = UTF8_streamwriter( open( '/tmp/output', 'wb') )\n" +"output.write( unistr )\n" +"output.close()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:243 +msgid "The following code would then read UTF-8 input from the file::" +msgstr "以下的代码则可以从文件中读取 UTF-8 输入::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:245 +msgid "" +"input = UTF8_streamreader( open( '/tmp/output', 'rb') )\n" +"print repr(input.read())\n" +"input.close()" +msgstr "" +"input = UTF8_streamreader( open( '/tmp/output', 'rb') )\n" +"print repr(input.read())\n" +"input.close()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Unicode-aware regular expressions are available through the :mod:`re` " +"module, which has a new underlying implementation called SRE written by " +"Fredrik Lundh of Secret Labs AB." +msgstr "" +"支持 Unicode 的正则表达式可以通过 :mod:`re` 模块使用，该模块有一个新的底层实现称为 SRE，由 Secret Labs AB 的 " +"Fredrik Lundh 编写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:253 +msgid "" +"A ``-U`` command line option was added which causes the Python compiler to " +"interpret all string literals as Unicode string literals. This is intended " +"to be used in testing and future-proofing your Python code, since some " +"future version of Python may drop support for 8-bit strings and provide only" +" Unicode strings." +msgstr "" +"添加了一个 ``-U`` 命令行选项，使 Python 编译器将所有字符串字面量解释为 Unicode 字符串字面量。 这用于测试和为你的 Python" +" 代码提供未来保障，因为未来某个版本的 Python 可能会取消对 8 位字符串的支持，只提供 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:262 +msgid "List Comprehensions" +msgstr "列表推导式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:264 +msgid "" +"Lists are a workhorse data type in Python, and many programs manipulate a " +"list at some point. Two common operations on lists are to loop over them, " +"and either pick out the elements that meet a certain criterion, or apply " +"some function to each element. For example, given a list of strings, you " +"might want to pull out all the strings containing a given substring, or " +"strip off trailing whitespace from each line." +msgstr "" +"列表是 Python 中的一种主力数据类型，许多程序在某个时候都会处理列表。 " +"对列表的两种常见操作是遍历它们，并筛选出符合某个条件的元素，或对每个元素应用某个函数。 " +"例如，给定一个字符串列表，你可能想要提取出所有包含特定子字符串的字符串，或去掉每行的尾随空白。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:271 +msgid "" +"The existing :func:`map` and :func:`filter` functions can be used for this " +"purpose, but they require a function as one of their arguments. This is " +"fine if there's an existing built-in function that can be passed directly, " +"but if there isn't, you have to create a little function to do the required " +"work, and Python's scoping rules make the result ugly if the little function" +" needs additional information. Take the first example in the previous " +"paragraph, finding all the strings in the list containing a given substring." +" You could write the following to do it::" +msgstr "" +"现有的 :func:`map` 和 :func:`filter` 函数可以用于此目的，但它们需要一个函数作为参数之一。 " +"如果有一个现有的内置函数可以直接传递，这是很好的，但如果没有，你必须创建一个小函数来完成所需的工作。 而 Python " +"的作用域规则会使结果变得丑陋，特别是如果这个小函数需要额外的信息。 以上一段中的第一个例子为例，找到列表中所有包含给定子字符串的字符串。 " +"你可以写如下代码来实现::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:280 +msgid "" +"# Given the list L, make a list of all strings\n" +"# containing the substring S.\n" +"sublist = filter( lambda s, substring=S:\n" +" string.find(s, substring) != -1,\n" +" L)" +msgstr "" +"# 给定列表 L，创建一个由所有包含\n" +"# 子字符串 S 的字符串组成的列表。\n" +"sublist = filter( lambda s, substring=S:\n" +" string.find(s, substring) != -1,\n" +" L)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:286 +msgid "" +"Because of Python's scoping rules, a default argument is used so that the " +"anonymous function created by the :keyword:`lambda` expression knows what " +"substring is being searched for. List comprehensions make this cleaner::" +msgstr "" +"由于 Python 的作用域规则，将会使用默认参数以使由 :keyword:`lambda` 表达式创建的匿名函数知道正在搜索哪个子字符串。 " +"列表推导能使这个过程更简洁::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:290 +msgid "sublist = [ s for s in L if string.find(s, S) != -1 ]" +msgstr "sublist = [ s for s in L if string.find(s, S) != -1 ]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:292 +msgid "List comprehensions have the form::" +msgstr "列表推导式的形式如下::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:294 +msgid "" +"[ expression for expr in sequence1\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2 ...\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN\n" +" if condition ]" +msgstr "" +"[ expression for expr in sequence1\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2 ...\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN\n" +" if condition ]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:299 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`!for`...\\ :keyword:`!in` clauses contain the sequences to be " +"iterated over. The sequences do not have to be the same length, because " +"they are *not* iterated over in parallel, but from left to right; this is " +"explained more clearly in the following paragraphs. The elements of the " +"generated list will be the successive values of *expression*. The final " +":keyword:`!if` clause is optional; if present, *expression* is only " +"evaluated and added to the result if *condition* is true." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`!for`...:keyword:`!in` 子句包含要迭代的序列。 这些序列不必具有相同的长度，因为它们 *不是* " +"并行迭代的，而是从左到右依次迭代；这一点将在以下段落中更清楚地解释。 生成列表的元素将是 *表达式* 的连续值。 最后的 :keyword:`!if` " +"子句是可选的；如果存在，只有当 *condition* 为真时，*表达式* 才会被求值并添加到结果中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:307 +msgid "" +"To make the semantics very clear, a list comprehension is equivalent to the " +"following Python code::" +msgstr "为了使语义更为清晰，列表推导相当于以下 Python 代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:310 +msgid "" +"for expr1 in sequence1:\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2:\n" +" ...\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN:\n" +" if (condition):\n" +" # Append the value of\n" +" # the expression to the\n" +" # resulting list." +msgstr "" +"for expr1 in sequence1:\n" +" for expr2 in sequence2:\n" +" ...\n" +" for exprN in sequenceN:\n" +" if (condition):\n" +" # 将表达式的值添加到\n" +" # 结果列表中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:319 +msgid "" +"This means that when there are multiple :keyword:`!for`...\\ :keyword:`!in` " +"clauses, the resulting list will be equal to the product of the lengths of " +"all the sequences. If you have two lists of length 3, the output list is 9 " +"elements long::" +msgstr "" +"这意味着当有多个 :keyword:`!for`...:keyword:`!in` 子句时，生成的列表将等于所有序列长的的乘积。 如果你有两个长度为 3" +" 的列表，输出列表将有 9 个元素::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:324 +msgid "" +"seq1 = 'abc'\n" +"seq2 = (1,2,3)\n" +">>> [ (x,y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2]\n" +"[('a', 1), ('a', 2), ('a', 3), ('b', 1), ('b', 2), ('b', 3), ('c', 1),\n" +"('c', 2), ('c', 3)]" +msgstr "" +"seq1 = 'abc'\n" +"seq2 = (1,2,3)\n" +">>> [ (x,y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2]\n" +"[('a', 1), ('a', 2), ('a', 3), ('b', 1), ('b', 2), ('b', 3), ('c', 1),\n" +"('c', 2), ('c', 3)]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:330 +msgid "" +"To avoid introducing an ambiguity into Python's grammar, if *expression* is " +"creating a tuple, it must be surrounded with parentheses. The first list " +"comprehension below is a syntax error, while the second one is correct::" +msgstr "" +"为了避免在 Python 的语法中引入歧义，如果 *表达式* 创建的是一个元组，它必须用括号括起来。 " +"下面的第一个列表推导式有语法错误，而第二个则是正确的::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:334 +msgid "" +"# Syntax error\n" +"[ x,y for x in seq1 for y in seq2]\n" +"# Correct\n" +"[ (x,y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2]" +msgstr "" +"# 语法错误\n" +"[ x,y for x in seq1 for y in seq2]\n" +"# 正确\n" +"[ (x,y) for x in seq1 for y in seq2]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:339 +msgid "" +"The idea of list comprehensions originally comes from the functional " +"programming language Haskell (https://www.haskell.org). Greg Ewing argued " +"most effectively for adding them to Python and wrote the initial list " +"comprehension patch, which was then discussed for a seemingly endless time " +"on the python-dev mailing list and kept up-to-date by Skip Montanaro." +msgstr "" +"列表推导的概念最初来自函数式编程语言 Haskell (https://www.haskell.org)。 Greg Ewing " +"最有力地提出了将其添加到 Python 中的建议，并编写了最初的列表推导式补丁，然后在 python-dev 邮件列表上进行了看似无休止的讨论，并由 " +"Skip Montanaro 保持更新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:349 +msgid "Augmented Assignment" +msgstr "增强赋值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:351 +msgid "" +"Augmented assignment operators, another long-requested feature, have been " +"added to Python 2.0. Augmented assignment operators include ``+=``, ``-=``," +" ``*=``, and so forth. For example, the statement ``a += 2`` increments the" +" value of the variable ``a`` by 2, equivalent to the slightly lengthier ``a" +" = a + 2``." +msgstr "" +"增强赋值运算符，另一个长期以来要求添加的功能，已经被加入到 Python 2.0 中。 增强赋值运算符包括 ``+=``，``-=``，``*=`` " +"等。例如，语句 ``a += 2`` 将变量 ``a`` 的值增加 2，等同于稍长一些的 ``a = a + 2``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:356 +msgid "" +"The full list of supported assignment operators is ``+=``, ``-=``, ``*=``, " +"``/=``, ``%=``, ``**=``, ``&=``, ``|=``, ``^=``, ``>>=``, and ``<<=``. " +"Python classes can override the augmented assignment operators by defining " +"methods named :meth:`!__iadd__`, :meth:`!__isub__`, etc. For example, the " +"following :class:`!Number` class stores a number and supports using += to " +"create a new instance with an incremented value." +msgstr "" +"支持的完整赋值运算符列表包括 " +"``+=``，``-=``，``*=``，``/=``，``%=``，``**=``，``&=``，``|=``，``^=``，``>>=`` 和 " +"``<<=``。 Python 类可以通过定义名为 :meth:`!__iadd__`、:meth:`!__isub__` 等方法来重载增强赋值运算符。" +" 例如，以下的 :class:`!Number` 类储存一个数字，并支持使用 += 来创建一个递增值的新实例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:367 +msgid "" +"class Number:\n" +" def __init__(self, value):\n" +" self.value = value\n" +" def __iadd__(self, increment):\n" +" return Number( self.value + increment)\n" +"\n" +"n = Number(5)\n" +"n += 3\n" +"print n.value" +msgstr "" +"class Number:\n" +" def __init__(self, value):\n" +" self.value = value\n" +" def __iadd__(self, increment):\n" +" return Number( self.value + increment)\n" +"\n" +"n = Number(5)\n" +"n += 3\n" +"print n.value" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:377 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!__iadd__` special method is called with the value of the " +"increment, and should return a new instance with an appropriately modified " +"value; this return value is bound as the new value of the variable on the " +"left-hand side." +msgstr ":meth:`!__iadd__` 特殊方法使用增量值调用，并应返回一个具有适当修改值的新实例；这个返回值将作为左侧变量的新值被绑定。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:381 +msgid "" +"Augmented assignment operators were first introduced in the C programming " +"language, and most C-derived languages, such as :program:`awk`, C++, Java, " +"Perl, and PHP also support them. The augmented assignment patch was " +"implemented by Thomas Wouters." +msgstr "" +"增强赋值运算符最早在 C 编程语言中引入，大多数 C 派生语言，如 :program:`awk`，C++，Java 和 PHP 也支持它们。 " +"增强赋值补丁由 Thomas Wouters 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:390 +msgid "String Methods" +msgstr "字符串的方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Until now string-manipulation functionality was in the :mod:`string` module," +" which was usually a front-end for the :mod:`!strop` module written in C. " +"The addition of Unicode posed a difficulty for the :mod:`!strop` module, " +"because the functions would all need to be rewritten in order to accept " +"either 8-bit or Unicode strings. For functions such as " +":func:`!string.replace`, which takes 3 string arguments, that means eight " +"possible permutations, and correspondingly complicated code." +msgstr "" +"直到现在，字符串操作功能都在 :mod:`string` 模块中，它通常是用 C 编写的 :mod:`!strop` 模块的前端。 Unicode " +"的添加为 :mod:`!strop` 模块带来困难，因为所有函数都需要重写，以接受 8 位或 Unicode 字符串，对于像 " +":func:`!string.replace` 这样的函数，它需要 3 个字符串参数，这意味着有 8 种可能的排列方式，相应的代码也会变得复杂。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:400 +msgid "" +"Instead, Python 2.0 pushes the problem onto the string type, making string " +"manipulation functionality available through methods on both 8-bit strings " +"and Unicode strings. ::" +msgstr "相反，Python 2.0 将这个问题推给了字符串类型，使字符串操作功能通过 8 位字符串和 Unicode 字符串上的方法来实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:404 +msgid "" +">>> 'andrew'.capitalize()\n" +"'Andrew'\n" +">>> 'hostname'.replace('os', 'linux')\n" +"'hlinuxtname'\n" +">>> 'moshe'.find('sh')\n" +"2" +msgstr "" +">>> 'andrew'.capitalize()\n" +"'Andrew'\n" +">>> 'hostname'.replace('os', 'linux')\n" +"'hlinuxtname'\n" +">>> 'moshe'.find('sh')\n" +"2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:411 +msgid "" +"One thing that hasn't changed, a noteworthy April Fools' joke " +"notwithstanding, is that Python strings are immutable. Thus, the string " +"methods return new strings, and do not modify the string on which they " +"operate." +msgstr "" +"有一件事没有改变，即使是值得注意的愚人节玩笑，Python 字符串仍然是不可变的。 因此，字符串方法返回的是新的字符串，而不是修改他们操作的原字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:415 +msgid "" +"The old :mod:`string` module is still around for backwards compatibility, " +"but it mostly acts as a front-end to the new string methods." +msgstr "旧的 :mod:`string` 模块仍然存在以保持向向兼容，但它主要作为新字符串方法的前端。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:418 +msgid "" +"Two methods which have no parallel in pre-2.0 versions, although they did " +"exist in JPython for quite some time, are :meth:`!startswith` and " +":meth:`!endswith`. ``s.startswith(t)`` is equivalent to ``s[:len(t)] == t``," +" while ``s.endswith(t)`` is equivalent to ``s[-len(t):] == t``." +msgstr "" +"在 2.0 之前的版本中没有对应方法的两个方法是 :meth:`!startswith` 和 :meth:`!endswith`，尽管它们在 " +"JPython 中存在了相当长的时间。 ``s.startswith(t)`` 等同于 ``s[:len(t)] == t``，而 " +"``s.endswith(t)`` 等同于 ``s[-len(t):] == t``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:423 +msgid "" +"One other method which deserves special mention is :meth:`!join`. The " +":meth:`!join` method of a string receives one parameter, a sequence of " +"strings, and is equivalent to the :func:`!string.join` function from the old" +" :mod:`string` module, with the arguments reversed. In other words, " +"``s.join(seq)`` is equivalent to the old ``string.join(seq, s)``." +msgstr "" +"另一个值得特别提及的方法是 :meth:`!join`。 字符串的 :meth:`!join` 方法接收一个参数，即字符串序列，并且等同于来自旧的 " +":mod:`string` 模块的 :func:`!string.join` 函数，但参数顺序相反。 换句话说，``s.join(seq)`` " +"等同于旧的 ``string.join(seq, s)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:433 +msgid "Garbage Collection of Cycles" +msgstr "循环的垃圾回收" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:435 +msgid "" +"The C implementation of Python uses reference counting to implement garbage " +"collection. Every Python object maintains a count of the number of " +"references pointing to itself, and adjusts the count as references are " +"created or destroyed. Once the reference count reaches zero, the object is " +"no longer accessible, since you need to have a reference to an object to " +"access it, and if the count is zero, no references exist any longer." +msgstr "" +"Python 的 C 实现使用引用技术来实现垃圾回收。 每个 Python 对象维护一个指向自身的引用数量，并在引用创建或销毁时调整该计数。 " +"一旦引用计数达到零，对象就不再可访问，因为访问对象需要一个引用，然后如果计数为零，就不再存在任何引用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Reference counting has some pleasant properties: it's easy to understand and" +" implement, and the resulting implementation is portable, fairly fast, and " +"reacts well with other libraries that implement their own memory handling " +"schemes. The major problem with reference counting is that it sometimes " +"doesn't realise that objects are no longer accessible, resulting in a memory" +" leak. This happens when there are cycles of references." +msgstr "" +"引用计数有一些令人愉快的特性：它易于理解和实现，结果实现是可移植的，相当快，并且与其他实现自己内存处理方案的库良好互动。引用计数的主要问题是有时它无法识别对象不再可访问，从而导致内存泄露，这发生在存在引用循环时。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:449 +msgid "" +"Consider the simplest possible cycle, a class instance which has a " +"reference to itself::" +msgstr "考虑最简单的循环，一个类实例引用自身::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:452 +msgid "" +"instance = SomeClass()\n" +"instance.myself = instance" +msgstr "" +"instance = SomeClass()\n" +"instance.myself = instance" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:455 +msgid "" +"After the above two lines of code have been executed, the reference count of" +" ``instance`` is 2; one reference is from the variable named ``'instance'``," +" and the other is from the ``myself`` attribute of the instance." +msgstr "" +"在执行完上述两行代码后，``instance`` 的引用计数是 2；一个引用来自名为 ``'instance'`` 的变量，另一个引用来自该实例的 " +"``myself`` 属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:459 +msgid "" +"If the next line of code is ``del instance``, what happens? The reference " +"count of ``instance`` is decreased by 1, so it has a reference count of 1; " +"the reference in the ``myself`` attribute still exists. Yet the instance is" +" no longer accessible through Python code, and it could be deleted. Several" +" objects can participate in a cycle if they have references to each other, " +"causing all of the objects to be leaked." +msgstr "" +"如果下一行代码是 ``del instance``，会发生什么？ ``instance`` 的引用计数会减少 1，所以它的引用计数变为 " +"1；``myself`` 属性中的引用仍然存在。 然而，该实例不能再通过 Python 代码访问，并且它可以被删除。 " +"如果多个对象相互引用，它们可以参与一个循环，导致所有对象都无法被垃圾回收，从而导致内存泄漏。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Python 2.0 fixes this problem by periodically executing a cycle detection " +"algorithm which looks for inaccessible cycles and deletes the objects " +"involved. A new :mod:`gc` module provides functions to perform a garbage " +"collection, obtain debugging statistics, and tuning the collector's " +"parameters." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.0 通过周期性的执行一个循环检测算法来解决这个问题，该算法查找不可访问的循环并删除涉及的对象。 一个新的 :mod:`gc` " +"模块提供了执行垃圾回收、获取调试统计信息和调整回收器参数的功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:471 +msgid "" +"Running the cycle detection algorithm takes some time, and therefore will " +"result in some additional overhead. It is hoped that after we've gotten " +"experience with the cycle collection from using 2.0, Python 2.1 will be able" +" to minimize the overhead with careful tuning. It's not yet obvious how " +"much performance is lost, because benchmarking this is tricky and depends " +"crucially on how often the program creates and destroys objects. The " +"detection of cycles can be disabled when Python is compiled, if you can't " +"afford even a tiny speed penalty or suspect that the cycle collection is " +"buggy, by specifying the :option:`!--without-cycle-gc` switch when running " +"the :program:`configure` script." +msgstr "" +"运行循环检测算法需要一些时间，因此会带来一些额外的开销，希望在使用 2.0 版本的循环收集经验之后，Python 2.1 " +"可以通过精细调整来尽量减少开销。 目前还不清楚性能损失有多大，因为对此进行精准测试很棘手，而且关键在于程序创建和销毁对象的频率。 " +"如果你不能接受哪怕是微小的速度损失，或者怀疑循环收集存在问题，可以在编译 Python 时禁用循环检测，通过在运行 " +":program:`configure` 脚本时指定 :option:`!--without-cycle-gc` 开关来实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Several people tackled this problem and contributed to a solution. An early" +" implementation of the cycle detection approach was written by Toby Kelsey." +" The current algorithm was suggested by Eric Tiedemann during a visit to " +"CNRI, and Guido van Rossum and Neil Schemenauer wrote two different " +"implementations, which were later integrated by Neil. Lots of other people " +"offered suggestions along the way; the March 2000 archives of the python-dev" +" mailing list contain most of the relevant discussion, especially in the " +"threads titled \"Reference cycle collection for Python\" and \"Finalization " +"again\"." +msgstr "" +"有几个人解决了这个问题并为解决方案做出了贡献。循环检测方法的早期实现由 Toby Kelsey 编写。 当前的算法是在 Eric Tiedemann " +"访问 CNRI 期间提出的，Guido van Rossum 和 Neil Schemenauer 分别编写了两个不同的实现，后来由 Neil " +"将它们整合。 许多其他人也在过程中提出了建议；python-dev 邮件列表 2000 年 3 月的存档包含了大部分相关讨论，尤其是在标题为 " +"“Reference cycle collection for Python” 和 “Finalization again” 的帖子中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:495 +msgid "Other Core Changes" +msgstr "其他核心变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Various minor changes have been made to Python's syntax and built-in " +"functions. None of the changes are very far-reaching, but they're handy " +"conveniences." +msgstr "Python 的语法和内置函数进行了各种小改动。 虽然这些改动都不是非常深远，但它们都是很方便的改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:502 +msgid "Minor Language Changes" +msgstr "细微的语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:504 +msgid "" +"A new syntax makes it more convenient to call a given function with a tuple " +"of arguments and/or a dictionary of keyword arguments. In Python 1.5 and " +"earlier, you'd use the :func:`!apply` built-in function: ``apply(f, args, " +"kw)`` calls the function :func:`!f` with the argument tuple *args* and the " +"keyword arguments in the dictionary *kw*. :func:`!apply` is the same in " +"2.0, but thanks to a patch from Greg Ewing, ``f(*args, **kw)`` is a shorter " +"and clearer way to achieve the same effect. This syntax is symmetrical with" +" the syntax for defining functions::" +msgstr "" +"一种新的语法是的使用元组和/或字典作为参数来调用函数更加方便。在 Python 1.5 及更早版本中，你会使用 :func:`!apply` 内置函数:" +" ``apply(f, args, kw)`` 调用函数 :func:`!f`，附带参数元组 *args* 和关键字参数字典 *kw*。 在 " +"Python 2.0 中，:func:`!apply` 的使用方式是相同的。 但由于 Greg Ewing 的补丁，``f(*args, **kw)``" +" 是一种更简洁明了的方式来实现相同的效果。 这种语法与定义函数的语法是对称的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:513 +msgid "" +"def f(*args, **kw):\n" +" # args is a tuple of positional args,\n" +" # kw is a dictionary of keyword args\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def f(*args, **kw):\n" +" # args 是位置参数的元组，\n" +" # kw 是关键字参数的字典\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:518 +msgid "" +"The ``print`` statement can now have its output directed to a file-like " +"object by following the ``print`` with ``>> file``, similar to the " +"redirection operator in Unix shells. Previously you'd either have to use the" +" :meth:`!write` method of the file-like object, which lacks the convenience " +"and simplicity of ``print``, or you could assign a new value to " +"``sys.stdout`` and then restore the old value. For sending output to " +"standard error, it's much easier to write this::" +msgstr "" +"``print`` 语句现在可以通过在 ``print`` 后面加上 ``>> file`` 来将其输出定向到文件型对象，这类似于 Unix shell" +" 中的重定向操作符。 以前，你要么必须使用文件对象的 :meth:`!write` 方法，这缺乏 ``print`` 的方便和简单，要么你可以为 " +"``sys.stdout`` 分配一个新值，然后恢复旧值。 为了将输出发送到标准错误，现在可以更简单地写成这样::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:526 +msgid "print >> sys.stderr, \"Warning: action field not supplied\"" +msgstr "print >> sys.stderr, \"Warning: action field not supplied\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:528 +msgid "" +"Modules can now be renamed on importing them, using the syntax ``import " +"module as name`` or ``from module import name as othername``. The patch was" +" submitted by Thomas Wouters." +msgstr "" +"模块现在可以在导入时重命名，使用语法 ``import module as name`` 或 ``from module import name as " +"othername``。这个补丁是由 Thomas Wouters 提交的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:532 +msgid "" +"A new format style is available when using the ``%`` operator; '%r' will " +"insert the :func:`repr` of its argument. This was also added from symmetry " +"considerations, this time for symmetry with the existing '%s' format style, " +"which inserts the :func:`str` of its argument. For example, ``'%r %s' % " +"('abc', 'abc')`` returns a string containing ``'abc' abc``." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``%`` 操作符时有一种新的格式样式可用；'%r' 将插入其参数的 :func:`repr` 表示。 这也是为了对称性，这次是为了与现有的 " +"%s 格式样式对称，后者插入其参数的 :func:`str` 表示。例如，``'%r %s' % ('abc', 'abc')`` 返回一个包含 " +"``'abc' abc`` 的字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:538 +msgid "" +"Previously there was no way to implement a class that overrode Python's " +"built-in :keyword:`in` operator and implemented a custom version. ``obj in " +"seq`` returns true if *obj* is present in the sequence *seq*; Python " +"computes this by simply trying every index of the sequence until either " +"*obj* is found or an :exc:`IndexError` is encountered. Moshe Zadka " +"contributed a patch which adds a :meth:`!__contains__` magic method for " +"providing a custom implementation for :keyword:`!in`. Additionally, new " +"built-in objects written in C can define what :keyword:`!in` means for them " +"via a new slot in the sequence protocol." +msgstr "" +"以前没有办法实现一个类来重载 Python 的内置 :keyword:`in` 操作符并实现自定义版本。``obj in seq`` 返回真如果 " +"*obj* 存在于序列 *seq* 之中；Python 通过简单地尝试索引来计算这个结果，直到找到 *obj* 或遇到 " +":exc:`IndexError`。 Moshe Zadka 提供了一个补丁，增加了一个 :meth:`!__contains__` 魔术方法，用于为 " +":keyword:`!in` 提供自定义实现。 此外，用 C 编写的新内置对象可以通过序列协议中的新槽定义 :keyword:`!in` 对它们的含义。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:547 +msgid "" +"Earlier versions of Python used a recursive algorithm for deleting objects. " +"Deeply nested data structures could cause the interpreter to fill up the C " +"stack and crash; Christian Tismer rewrote the deletion logic to fix this " +"problem. On a related note, comparing recursive objects recursed infinitely" +" and crashed; Jeremy Hylton rewrote the code to no longer crash, producing a" +" useful result instead. For example, after this code::" +msgstr "" +"早期版本的 Python 使用递归算法来删除对象。深度嵌套的数据结构可能导致解释器填满 C 栈并崩溃。 Christian Tismer " +"重写了删除逻辑来解决这个问题。 相关地，比较递归对象时会导致无线递归并崩溃。Jeremy Hylton 重写了代码，使其不再崩溃，而是产生有用的结果。 " +"例如，在以下代码之后::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:554 +msgid "" +"a = []\n" +"b = []\n" +"a.append(a)\n" +"b.append(b)" +msgstr "" +"a = []\n" +"b = []\n" +"a.append(a)\n" +"b.append(b)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:559 +msgid "" +"The comparison ``a==b`` returns true, because the two recursive data " +"structures are isomorphic. See the thread \"trashcan and PR#7\" in the April" +" 2000 archives of the python-dev mailing list for the discussion leading up " +"to this implementation, and some useful relevant links. Note that " +"comparisons can now also raise exceptions. In earlier versions of Python, a " +"comparison operation such as ``cmp(a,b)`` would always produce an answer, " +"even if a user-defined :meth:`!__cmp__` method encountered an error, since " +"the resulting exception would simply be silently swallowed." +msgstr "" +"比较 ``a==b`` 将返回真值，因为这两个递归数据结构是同构的。 请参阅 python-dev 邮件列表 2000 年 4 月的存档中的 " +"\"trashcan and PR#7\" 帖子，以了解导致此实现的讨论和一些相关的有用链接。 请注意，现在的比较操作也可以引发异常。 在早期版本的 " +"Python 中，即使用户定义的 :meth:`!__cmp__` 方法遇到错误，譬如 ``cmp(a,b)`` " +"的比较操作也总会产生一个答案，因为结果异常会被静默处理掉。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:571 +msgid "" +"Work has been done on porting Python to 64-bit Windows on the Itanium " +"processor, mostly by Trent Mick of ActiveState. (Confusingly, " +"``sys.platform`` is still ``'win32'`` on Win64 because it seems that for " +"ease of porting, MS Visual C++ treats code as 32 bit on Itanium.) PythonWin " +"also supports Windows CE; see the Python CE page at " +"https://pythonce.sourceforge.net/ for more information." +msgstr "" +"来自 ActiveState 的 Trent Mick 主要负责将 Python 移植到 Itanium 处理器上的 64 位 Windows 上。 " +"（令人困惑的是，在 Win64 上，``sys.platform`` 类型仍然是 ``'win32'`` 的，因为为了便于移植，MS Visual " +"C++ 在 Itanium 上将代码视为 32 位。） PythonWin 还支持 Windows CE；更多信息请参见 " +"https://pythonce.sourceforge.net/ 的 Python CE 页面。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:577 +msgid "" +"Another new platform is Darwin/MacOS X; initial support for it is in Python " +"2.0. Dynamic loading works, if you specify \"configure --with-dyld --with-" +"suffix=.x\". Consult the README in the Python source distribution for more " +"instructions." +msgstr "" +"另一个新的平台是 Darwin/MacOS X；Python 2.0 中提供了初步支持。如果你指定 \"configure --with-dyld " +"--with-suffix=.x\"，动态加载是可行的。 有关更多说明，请参阅 Python 源代码分发中的 README 文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:581 +msgid "" +"An attempt has been made to alleviate one of Python's warts, the often-" +"confusing :exc:`NameError` exception when code refers to a local variable " +"before the variable has been assigned a value. For example, the following " +"code raises an exception on the ``print`` statement in both 1.5.2 and 2.0; " +"in 1.5.2 a :exc:`NameError` exception is raised, while 2.0 raises a new " +":exc:`UnboundLocalError` exception. :exc:`UnboundLocalError` is a subclass " +"of :exc:`NameError`, so any existing code that expects :exc:`NameError` to " +"be raised should still work. ::" +msgstr "" +"已经尝试解决 Python 的一个问题，即当代码在局部变量赋值之前引用该变量时，会引发经常令人困惑的 :exc:`NameError` " +"异常。例如，以下代码在 1.5.2 和 2.0 中都会在 ``print`` 语句上引发异常；在 1.5.2 中，会引发 " +":exc:`NameError` 异常，而在 2.0 中，会引发一个新的 :exc:`UnboundLocalError` 异常。 " +":exc:`UnboundLocalError` 是 :exc:`NameError` 的子类，因此任何期望引发 :exc:`NameError` " +"的现有代码应该仍然可以正常工作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:590 +msgid "" +"def f():\n" +" print \"i=\",i\n" +" i = i + 1\n" +"f()" +msgstr "" +"def f():\n" +" print \"i=\",i\n" +" i = i + 1\n" +"f()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:595 +msgid "" +"Two new exceptions, :exc:`TabError` and :exc:`IndentationError`, have been " +"introduced. They're both subclasses of :exc:`SyntaxError`, and are raised " +"when Python code is found to be improperly indented." +msgstr "" +"新引入了两个异常 :exc:`TabError` 和 :exc:`IndentationError`。 它们均为 :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"的子类，并会在发现 Python 代码缩进不正确时被引发。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:601 +msgid "Changes to Built-in Functions" +msgstr "对于内置函数的修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:603 +msgid "" +"A new built-in, ``zip(seq1, seq2, ...)``, has been added. :func:`zip` " +"returns a list of tuples where each tuple contains the i-th element from " +"each of the argument sequences. The difference between :func:`zip` and " +"``map(None, seq1, seq2)`` is that :func:`map` pads the sequences with " +"``None`` if the sequences aren't all of the same length, while :func:`zip` " +"truncates the returned list to the length of the shortest argument sequence." +msgstr "" +"添加了一个新的内置函数 ``zip(seq1, seq2, ...)``。:func:`zip` " +"返回一个包含元组的列表，每个元组包含每个参数序列的第i个元素。:func:`zip` 和 ``map(None, seq1, seq2)`` " +"的区别在于，如果序列长度不一致，:func:`map` 会用 ``None`` 填充序列，而 :func:`zip` " +"会将返回的列表截短到最短的参数序列的长度。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:610 +msgid "" +"The :func:`int` and :func:`!long` functions now accept an optional \"base\" " +"parameter when the first argument is a string. ``int('123', 10)`` returns " +"123, while ``int('123', 16)`` returns 291. ``int(123, 16)`` raises a " +":exc:`TypeError` exception with the message \"can't convert non-string with " +"explicit base\"." +msgstr "" +":func:`int` 和 :func:`!long` 函数现在在第一个参数是字符串时接受一个可选的“base”参数。``int('123', " +"10)`` 返回 123，而 ``int('123', 16)`` 返回 291。``int(123, 16)`` 会引发一个 " +":exc:`TypeError` 异常，消息为 \"can't convert non-string with explicit base\"。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:616 +msgid "" +"A new variable holding more detailed version information has been added to " +"the :mod:`sys` module. ``sys.version_info`` is a tuple ``(major, minor, " +"micro, level, serial)`` For example, in a hypothetical 2.0.1beta1, " +"``sys.version_info`` would be ``(2, 0, 1, 'beta', 1)``. *level* is a string " +"such as ``\"alpha\"``, ``\"beta\"``, or ``\"final\"`` for a final release." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`sys` 模块中添加了一个新变量，用于保存更详细的版本信息。 ``sys.version_info`` 是一个包含五个元素的元组 " +"``(major, minor, micro, level, serial)``。 例如，在假设的 2.0.1beta1 " +"版本中，``sys.version_info`` 将是 ``(2, 0, 1, 'beta', 1)``。 *level* 是一个字符串，如 " +"``\"alpha\"``、``\"beta\"`` 或代表最终发布版本的 ``\"final\"``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:622 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries have an odd new method, ``setdefault(key, default)``, which " +"behaves similarly to the existing :meth:`!get` method. However, if the key " +"is missing, :meth:`!setdefault` both returns the value of *default* as " +":meth:`!get` would do, and also inserts it into the dictionary as the value " +"for *key*. Thus, the following lines of code::" +msgstr "" +"字典有一个特别的新方法 ``setdefault(key, default)``，其行为与现有的 :meth:`!get` 方法类似。 " +"但是，如果键找不到，:meth:`!setdefault` 既会像 :meth:`!get` 一样返回 *default* 的值，也会将其插入字典作为 " +"*key* 的值。 因此，下面的代码行::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:628 +msgid "" +"if dict.has_key( key ): return dict[key]\n" +"else:\n" +" dict[key] = []\n" +" return dict[key]" +msgstr "" +"if dict.has_key( key ): return dict[key]\n" +"else:\n" +" dict[key] = []\n" +" return dict[key]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:633 +msgid "" +"can be reduced to a single ``return dict.setdefault(key, [])`` statement." +msgstr "可以简化为单个``return dict.setdefault(key, [])``语句。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:635 +msgid "" +"The interpreter sets a maximum recursion depth in order to catch runaway " +"recursion before filling the C stack and causing a core dump or GPF.. " +"Previously this limit was fixed when you compiled Python, but in 2.0 the " +"maximum recursion depth can be read and modified using " +":func:`sys.getrecursionlimit` and :func:`sys.setrecursionlimit`. The default" +" value is 1000, and a rough maximum value for a given platform can be found " +"by running a new script, :file:`Misc/find_recursionlimit.py`." +msgstr "" +"解释器设置了一个最大递归深度，以便在填满 C 栈并导致核心储存或 GPF 之前捕获失控递归。以前这个限制是在编译 Python 时固定的，但在 2.0 " +"中最大递归深度可以使用 :func:`sys.getrecursionlimit` 和 :func:`sys.setrecursionlimit` " +"读取和修改。 默认值是 1000，可以通过运行一个新脚本 :file:`Misc/find_recursionlimit.py` " +"来找到给定平台的大致的最大值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:647 +msgid "Porting to 2.0" +msgstr "移植 Python 2.0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:649 +msgid "" +"New Python releases try hard to be compatible with previous releases, and " +"the record has been pretty good. However, some changes are considered " +"useful enough, usually because they fix initial design decisions that turned" +" out to be actively mistaken, that breaking backward compatibility can't " +"always be avoided. This section lists the changes in Python 2.0 that may " +"cause old Python code to break." +msgstr "" +"新的 Python 版本尽力与之前的版本兼容，而且兼容性记录相当不错。 " +"然而，有些变化被认为足够有用，通常是因为他们修正了最终设计中的错误决定，因此有时无法避免打破向后兼容性。 本节列出了 Python 2.0 中可能导致旧" +" Python 代码中断的更改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:656 +msgid "" +"The change which will probably break the most code is tightening up the " +"arguments accepted by some methods. Some methods would take multiple " +"arguments and treat them as a tuple, particularly various list methods such " +"as :meth:`!append` and :meth:`!insert`. In earlier versions of Python, if " +"``L`` is a list, ``L.append( 1,2 )`` appends the tuple ``(1,2)`` to the " +"list. In Python 2.0 this causes a :exc:`TypeError` exception to be raised, " +"with the message: 'append requires exactly 1 argument; 2 given'. The fix is" +" to simply add an extra set of parentheses to pass both values as a tuple: " +"``L.append( (1,2) )``." +msgstr "" +"可能会导致最多代码中断的更改是对某些方法接受的参数进行了严格限制。一些方法会接受多个参数并将它们视为一个元组，特别是各种列表方法，如 " +":meth:`!append` 和 :meth:`!insert`。在早期版本的Python中，如果 ``L`` 是一个列表，``L.append( " +"1,2 )`` 会将元组 ``(1,2)`` 附加到列表中。在Python 2.0中，这会引发一个 :exc:`TypeError` " +"异常，消息为：“append requires exactly 1 argument; 2 " +"given”。解决方法是简单地添加一组括号，将两个值作为一个元组传递：``L.append( (1,2) )``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:665 +msgid "" +"The earlier versions of these methods were more forgiving because they used " +"an old function in Python's C interface to parse their arguments; 2.0 " +"modernizes them to use :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, the current argument " +"parsing function, which provides more helpful error messages and treats " +"multi-argument calls as errors. If you absolutely must use 2.0 but can't " +"fix your code, you can edit :file:`Objects/listobject.c` and define the " +"preprocessor symbol ``NO_STRICT_LIST_APPEND`` to preserve the old behaviour;" +" this isn't recommended." +msgstr "" +"这些方法的早期版本更加宽容，因为它们使用了 Python C 接口中的一个旧函数来解析它们的参数；2.0 版本将它们现代化，使用 " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`，这是当前的参数解析函数，它提供了更有用的错误消息，并将多参数调用视为错误。如果你必须使用 2.0 " +"但无法修复你的代码，可以编辑 :file:`Objects/listobject.c` 并定义预处理符号 " +"``NO_STRICT_LIST_APPEND`` 以保留旧的行为；但这并不推荐。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:673 +msgid "" +"Some of the functions in the :mod:`socket` module are still forgiving in " +"this way. For example, ``socket.connect( ('hostname', 25) )`` is the " +"correct form, passing a tuple representing an IP address, but " +"``socket.connect('hostname', 25)`` also works. :meth:`socket.connect_ex " +"` and :meth:`socket.bind ` are" +" similarly easy-going. 2.0alpha1 tightened these functions up, but because " +"the documentation actually used the erroneous multiple argument form, many " +"people wrote code which would break with the stricter checking. GvR backed " +"out the changes in the face of public reaction, so for the :mod:`socket` " +"module, the documentation was fixed and the multiple argument form is simply" +" marked as deprecated; it *will* be tightened up again in a future Python " +"version." +msgstr "" +":mod:`socket` 模块中的某些函数仍然是宽容的。 例如，``socket.connect( ('hostname', 25) )`` " +"是正确的形式，传递一个表示 IP 地址的元组，但 ``socket.connect('hostname', 25)`` 也可以工作。 " +":meth:`socket.connect_ex ` 和 :meth:`socket.bind " +"` 也是类似的宽松方式。 2.0alpha1 " +"会更严格地检查这些函数，但是由于文档实际上使用了错误的多参数形式，许多人编写的代码在更严格的检查下会出错。 面对公众的反应 GvR " +"撤销了这些理性，因此对于 :mod:`socket` 模块，文档已被修正，多参数形式只是被标记为已弃用；在未来的 Python 版本中它 *将会* " +"再次变得严格。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:684 +msgid "" +"The ``\\x`` escape in string literals now takes exactly 2 hex digits. " +"Previously it would consume all the hex digits following the 'x' and take " +"the lowest 8 bits of the result, so ``\\x123456`` was equivalent to " +"``\\x56``." +msgstr "" +"字符串字面量中的 ``\\x`` 转义现在必须精确地使用2个十六进制数字。之前它会消耗 x 后面的所有十六进制数字，并取结果的最低8位，所以 " +"``\\x123456`` 等同于 ``\\x56``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:688 +msgid "" +"The :exc:`AttributeError` and :exc:`NameError` exceptions have a more " +"friendly error message, whose text will be something like ``'Spam' instance " +"has no attribute 'eggs'`` or ``name 'eggs' is not defined``. Previously the" +" error message was just the missing attribute name ``eggs``, and code " +"written to take advantage of this fact will break in 2.0." +msgstr "" +":exc:`AttributeError` 和 :exc:`NameError` 异常现在有了更友好的错误消息，其文本内容类似于 ``'Spam' " +"instance has no attribute 'eggs'`` 或 ``name 'eggs' is not defined``。 " +"之前的错误消息只是缺少的属性名称，如 ``eggs``，因此利用这一事实编写的代码在 2.0 中会中断。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:694 +msgid "" +"Some work has been done to make integers and long integers a bit more " +"interchangeable. In 1.5.2, large-file support was added for Solaris, to " +"allow reading files larger than 2 GiB; this made the :meth:`!tell` method of" +" file objects return a long integer instead of a regular integer. Some code" +" would subtract two file offsets and attempt to use the result to multiply a" +" sequence or slice a string, but this raised a :exc:`TypeError`. In 2.0, " +"long integers can be used to multiply or slice a sequence, and it'll behave " +"as you'd intuitively expect it to; ``3L * 'abc'`` produces 'abcabcabc', and " +"``(0,1,2,3)[2L:4L]`` produces (2,3). Long integers can also be used in " +"various contexts where previously only integers were accepted, such as in " +"the :meth:`!seek` method of file objects, and in the formats supported by " +"the ``%`` operator (``%d``, ``%i``, ``%x``, etc.). For example, ``\"%d\" % " +"2L**64`` will produce the string ``18446744073709551616``." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.0 中，做了一些工作使得整数和长整数更加可互换。 在 1.5.2 中，为 Solaris 添加了大文件支持，允许读取大于 2 " +"GiB 的文件；这使得文件对象的 :meth:`!tell` 方法返回长整数而不是常规整数。 " +"一些代码会减去两个文件偏移量，并尝试使用结果来乘以一个序列或切片一个字符串，但这会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 在 2.0 " +"中，长整数可以用于乘以或切片一个序列，并且会按直觉行为；例如，``3L * 'abc'``' 生成 " +"'abcabcabc'，``(0,1,2,3)[2L:4L]`` 生成 (2,3)。 长整数也可以在以前只接受整数的各种上下文中使用，例如文件对象的 " +":meth:`!seek` 方法，以及 ``%`` 操作符支持的格式（如 ``%d``、``%i``、``%x`` 等）。 例如，``\"%d\" % " +"2L**64`` 将生成字符串 ``18446744073709551616``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:708 +msgid "" +"The subtlest long integer change of all is that the :func:`str` of a long " +"integer no longer has a trailing 'L' character, though :func:`repr` still " +"includes it. The 'L' annoyed many people who wanted to print long integers " +"that looked just like regular integers, since they had to go out of their " +"way to chop off the character. This is no longer a problem in 2.0, but code" +" which does ``str(longval)[:-1]`` and assumes the 'L' is there, will now " +"lose the final digit." +msgstr "" +"最微妙的长整数变化是，长整数的 :func:`str` 表示不再有尾随的 'L' 字符，尽管 :func:`repr` " +"表示仍然包含它。许多人在打印长整数时不希望看到 'L' 字符，因为他们不得不专门去掉这个字符。在2.0中，这不再是一个问题，但那些使用 " +"``str(longval)[:-1]`` 并假设存在 'L' 的代码，现在将丢失最后一个数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:716 +msgid "" +"Taking the :func:`repr` of a float now uses a different formatting precision" +" than :func:`str`. :func:`repr` uses ``%.17g`` format string for C's " +":func:`!sprintf`, while :func:`str` uses ``%.12g`` as before. The effect is" +" that :func:`repr` may occasionally show more decimal places than " +":func:`str`, for certain numbers. For example, the number 8.1 can't be " +"represented exactly in binary, so ``repr(8.1)`` is ``'8.0999999999999996'``," +" while str(8.1) is ``'8.1'``." +msgstr "" +"对浮点数执行 :func:`repr` 现在会使用不同的格式化精度，而不是 :func:`str`。 :func:`repr` 使用 ``%.17g``" +" 格式字符串来调用 C 的 :func:`!sprintf`，而 :func:`str` 仍然使用 " +"``%.12g``。其效果是，对于某些数字，:func:`repr` 可能比 :func:`str` 显示更多的小数位。 例如，数字 8.1 " +"无法精确地用二进制表示，所以 ``repr(8.1)`` 是 ``'8.0999999999999996'``，而 str(8.1) 是 " +"``'8.1'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:724 +msgid "" +"The ``-X`` command-line option, which turned all standard exceptions into " +"strings instead of classes, has been removed; the standard exceptions will " +"now always be classes. The :mod:`!exceptions` module containing the " +"standard exceptions was translated from Python to a built-in C module, " +"written by Barry Warsaw and Fredrik Lundh." +msgstr "" +"``-X`` 命令行选项已被移除，该选项会将所有标准异常转换为字符串而不是类；现在标准异常将始终是类。包含标准异常的 " +":mod:`!exceptions` 模块已从Python翻译为内置C模块，由Barry Warsaw和Fredrik Lundh编写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:740 +msgid "Extending/Embedding Changes" +msgstr "扩展/嵌入更改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:742 +msgid "" +"Some of the changes are under the covers, and will only be apparent to " +"people writing C extension modules or embedding a Python interpreter in a " +"larger application. If you aren't dealing with Python's C API, you can " +"safely skip this section." +msgstr "" +"有些更改是在底层进行的，仅对编写 C 扩展模块或在更大的应用中嵌入 Python 解释器的人有价值。 如果你不处理 Python 的 C " +"API，可以安全地跳过这一节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:747 +msgid "" +"The version number of the Python C API was incremented, so C extensions " +"compiled for 1.5.2 must be recompiled in order to work with 2.0. On " +"Windows, it's not possible for Python 2.0 to import a third party extension " +"built for Python 1.5.x due to how Windows DLLs work, so Python will raise an" +" exception and the import will fail." +msgstr "" +" Python C API 的版本号已增加，因此为 1.5.2 编译的 C 扩展必须重新编译才能与 2.0 一起工作。 在 Windows 上，由于 " +"Windows DLL 的工作方式，Python 2.0 无法导入为 Python 1.5.x 构建的第三方扩展，因此 Python " +"会引发异常并造成导入失败。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:753 +msgid "" +"Users of Jim Fulton's ExtensionClass module will be pleased to find out that" +" hooks have been added so that ExtensionClasses are now supported by " +":func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass`. This means you no longer have to " +"remember to write code such as ``if type(obj) == myExtensionClass``, but can" +" use the more natural ``if isinstance(obj, myExtensionClass)``." +msgstr "" +"使用 Jim Fulton 的 ExtensionClass 模块的用户将很高兴地发现，已经添加了钩子以支持 " +"ExtensionClasses，因此现在支持 :func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass`。 " +"这意味着你不再需要记住编写类似 ``if type(obj) == myExtensionClass`` 这样的代码，而可以使用更自然的 ``if " +"isinstance(obj, myExtensionClass)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:759 +msgid "" +"The :file:`Python/importdl.c` file, which was a mass of #ifdefs to support " +"dynamic loading on many different platforms, was cleaned up and reorganised " +"by Greg Stein. :file:`importdl.c` is now quite small, and platform-specific" +" code has been moved into a bunch of :file:`Python/dynload_\\*.c` files. " +"Another cleanup: there were also a number of :file:`my\\*.h` files in the " +"Include/ directory that held various portability hacks; they've been merged " +"into a single file, :file:`Include/pyport.h`." +msgstr "" +":file:`Python/importdl.c` 文件，它充满了用于支持在许多不同平台上动态加载的 #ifdef，已被 Greg Stein " +"清理和重组。现在 :file:`importdl.c` 非常小，平台特定的代码已被移入一组特定的 " +":file:`Python/dynload_\\*.c` 文件中。 另一个清理工作是：Include/ 目录中有许多包含各种可移植性修改的 " +":file:`my\\*.h` 文件；它们已被合并到一个文件中，即 :file:`Include/pyport.h`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:767 +msgid "" +"Vladimir Marangozov's long-awaited malloc restructuring was completed, to " +"make it easy to have the Python interpreter use a custom allocator instead " +"of C's standard :c:func:`malloc`. For documentation, read the comments in " +":file:`Include/pymem.h` and :file:`Include/objimpl.h`. For the lengthy " +"discussions during which the interface was hammered out, see the web " +"archives of the 'patches' and 'python-dev' lists at python.org." +msgstr "" +"Vladimir Marangozov 期待已久的 malloc 重组已经完成，使得Python解释器可以轻松使用自定义分配器，而不是C的标准 " +":c:func:`malloc`。 有关文档，请阅读 :file:`Include/pymem.h` 和 " +":file:`Include/objimpl.h` 中的注释。 有关界面敲定期间的详细讨论，请参阅 python.org 上的 'patches' 和 " +"'python-dev' 列表的网络存档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:774 +msgid "" +"Recent versions of the GUSI development environment for MacOS support POSIX " +"threads. Therefore, Python's POSIX threading support now works on the " +"Macintosh. Threading support using the user-space GNU ``pth`` library was " +"also contributed." +msgstr "" +"最新版本的 MacOS GUSI 开发环境支持 POSIX 线程。 因此，现在 Python 的 POSIX 线程支持在 Macintosh " +"上也可以使用。 还贡献了使用用户空间 GNU ``pth`` 库的线程支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Threading support on Windows was enhanced, too. Windows supports thread " +"locks that use kernel objects only in case of contention; in the common case" +" when there's no contention, they use simpler functions which are an order " +"of magnitude faster. A threaded version of Python 1.5.2 on NT is twice as " +"slow as an unthreaded version; with the 2.0 changes, the difference is only " +"10%. These improvements were contributed by Yakov Markovitch." +msgstr "" +"Windows 上的线程支持也得到了增强。 Windows " +"支持的线程锁在发生争用时才使用内核对象；在常见的没有争用的情况下，他们使用简单得多的函数，这些函数快一个数量级。Python 1.5.2 在 NT " +"上的线程版本比无线程版本慢两倍；有了 2.0 的改进，差异仅为 10%。 这些改进由 Yakov Markovitch 提供。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:786 +msgid "" +"Python 2.0's source now uses only ANSI C prototypes, so compiling Python now" +" requires an ANSI C compiler, and can no longer be done using a compiler " +"that only supports K&R C." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.0 的源代码目前只用 ANSI C 原型，所以现在编译 Python 需要一个 ANSI C 的编译器，而不能通过仅使用支持 K&R " +"C 的编译器完成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:790 +msgid "" +"Previously the Python virtual machine used 16-bit numbers in its bytecode, " +"limiting the size of source files. In particular, this affected the maximum" +" size of literal lists and dictionaries in Python source; occasionally " +"people who are generating Python code would run into this limit. A patch by" +" Charles G. Waldman raises the limit from ``2**16`` to ``2**32``." +msgstr "" +"之前，Python 虚拟机在其字节码中使用 16 位数字，限制了源文件的大小。 特别是，这影响了 Python " +"源代码中字面量列表和字典的最大大小；偶尔会有人在生成 Python 代码时遇到这个限制。 Charles G. Waldman 的补丁将这个限制从 " +"``2**16`` 提高到 ``2**32``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:796 +msgid "" +"Three new convenience functions intended for adding constants to a module's " +"dictionary at module initialization time were added: " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObject`, :c:func:`PyModule_AddIntConstant`, and " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddStringConstant`. Each of these functions takes a " +"module object, a null-terminated C string containing the name to be added, " +"and a third argument for the value to be assigned to the name. This third " +"argument is, respectively, a Python object, a C long, or a C string." +msgstr "" +"添加了三个新的便捷函数，旨在模块初始化时将常量添加到模块的字典中: " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObject`、:c:func:`PyModule_AddIntConstant` 和 " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddStringConstant`。 " +"每个函数都接收一个模块对象、一个以空字符结尾的包含要添加的名称的C字符串，以及一个第三个参数用于指定要赋值的值。 第三个参数分别是一个 Python " +"对象、一个 C 长整型或一个 C 字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:804 +msgid "" +"A wrapper API was added for Unix-style signal handlers. " +":c:func:`PyOS_getsig` gets a signal handler and :c:func:`PyOS_setsig` will " +"set a new handler." +msgstr "" +"为 Unix 风格的信号处理程序添加了一个包装API。 :c:func:`PyOS_getsig` " +"获取信号处理程序，:c:func:`PyOS_setsig` 设置新的处理程序。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:811 +msgid "Distutils: Making Modules Easy to Install" +msgstr "Distutils：使模块易于安装" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:813 +msgid "" +"Before Python 2.0, installing modules was a tedious affair -- there was no " +"way to figure out automatically where Python is installed, or what compiler " +"options to use for extension modules. Software authors had to go through an" +" arduous ritual of editing Makefiles and configuration files, which only " +"really work on Unix and leave Windows and MacOS unsupported. Python users " +"faced wildly differing installation instructions which varied between " +"different extension packages, which made administering a Python installation" +" something of a chore." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.0 之前，安装模块是一件繁琐的事情 —— 没有办法自动确定 Python 的安装位置，或者用于扩展模块的编译器选项。 " +"软件作者不得不经历一套繁琐的程序来编辑 Makefile 和配置文件，这些只在 Unix 上真正有效，而 Windows 和 Mac OS 不受支持。 " +"Python 用户面对不同扩展包之间大相径庭的安装说明，这使得管理 Python 成了一件麻烦事。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:821 +msgid "" +"The SIG for distribution utilities, shepherded by Greg Ward, has created the" +" Distutils, a system to make package installation much easier. They form " +"the ``distutils`` package, a new part of Python's standard library. In the " +"best case, installing a Python module from source will require the same " +"steps: first you simply mean unpack the tarball or zip archive, and the run " +"\"``python setup.py install``\". The platform will be automatically " +"detected, the compiler will be recognized, C extension modules will be " +"compiled, and the distribution installed into the proper directory. " +"Optional command-line arguments provide more control over the installation " +"process, the distutils package offers many places to override defaults -- " +"separating the build from the install, building or installing in non-default" +" directories, and more." +msgstr "" +"由 Greg Ward 领导的 SIG 创建了 ``distutils``，一个使包安装更加容易的系统。它们构成了 distutils 包，这是 " +"Python 标准库的新部分。 在最佳情况下，从源代码安装 Python 模块只需要以下几个步骤：首先解压缩 tarball 或 zip " +"归档文件，然后运行 ``python setup.py install``。 平台会自动检测，编译器会被识别，C " +"扩展模块会被编译，并且分发包会安装到适当的目录中。 可选的命令行参数提供了对安装过程的更多控制，distutils 包提供了许多地方来覆盖默认设置 ——" +" 将构建与安装分开，在非默认目录中构建或安装，等等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:833 +msgid "" +"In order to use the Distutils, you need to write a :file:`setup.py` script." +" For the simple case, when the software contains only .py files, a minimal " +":file:`setup.py` can be just a few lines long::" +msgstr "" +"为了使用 Distutils，你需要编写一个 :file:`setup.py` 脚本。 在简单场景下，当软件仅包含 .py 文件时，最小化的 " +":file:`setup.py` 可以只有几行代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:837 +msgid "" +"from distutils.core import setup\n" +"setup (name = \"foo\", version = \"1.0\",\n" +" py_modules = [\"module1\", \"module2\"])" +msgstr "" +"from distutils.core import setup\n" +"setup (name = \"foo\", version = \"1.0\",\n" +" py_modules = [\"module1\", \"module2\"])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:841 +msgid "" +"The :file:`setup.py` file isn't much more complicated if the software " +"consists of a few packages::" +msgstr "如果软件是由几个包组成的 :file:`setup.py` 文件也不会太过复杂::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:844 +msgid "" +"from distutils.core import setup\n" +"setup (name = \"foo\", version = \"1.0\",\n" +" packages = [\"package\", \"package.subpackage\"])" +msgstr "" +"from distutils.core import setup\n" +"setup (name = \"foo\", version = \"1.0\",\n" +" packages = [\"package\", \"package.subpackage\"])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:848 +msgid "" +"A C extension can be the most complicated case; here's an example taken from" +" the PyXML package::" +msgstr "最复杂的情况可能是 C 扩展；下面是一个来自 PyXML 包的示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:851 +msgid "" +"from distutils.core import setup, Extension\n" +"\n" +"expat_extension = Extension('xml.parsers.pyexpat',\n" +" define_macros = [('XML_NS', None)],\n" +" include_dirs = [ 'extensions/expat/xmltok',\n" +" 'extensions/expat/xmlparse' ],\n" +" sources = [ 'extensions/pyexpat.c',\n" +" 'extensions/expat/xmltok/xmltok.c',\n" +" 'extensions/expat/xmltok/xmlrole.c', ]\n" +" )\n" +"setup (name = \"PyXML\", version = \"0.5.4\",\n" +" ext_modules =[ expat_extension ] )" +msgstr "" +"from distutils.core import setup, Extension\n" +"\n" +"expat_extension = Extension('xml.parsers.pyexpat',\n" +" define_macros = [('XML_NS', None)],\n" +" include_dirs = [ 'extensions/expat/xmltok',\n" +" 'extensions/expat/xmlparse' ],\n" +" sources = [ 'extensions/pyexpat.c',\n" +" 'extensions/expat/xmltok/xmltok.c',\n" +" 'extensions/expat/xmltok/xmlrole.c', ]\n" +" )\n" +"setup (name = \"PyXML\", version = \"0.5.4\",\n" +" ext_modules =[ expat_extension ] )" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:864 +msgid "" +"The Distutils can also take care of creating source and binary " +"distributions. The \"sdist\" command, run by \"``python setup.py sdist``', " +"builds a source distribution such as :file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz`. Adding new " +"commands isn't difficult, \"bdist_rpm\" and \"bdist_wininst\" commands have " +"already been contributed to create an RPM distribution and a Windows " +"installer for the software, respectively. Commands to create other " +"distribution formats such as Debian packages and Solaris :file:`.pkg` files " +"are in various stages of development." +msgstr "" +"Distutils 还可以负责创建源代码和二进制分发包。运行 ``python setup.py sdist`` 的 \"sdist\" " +"命令构建一个源代码分发包，如 :file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz`。添加新命令并不困难，已经有 \"bdist_rpm\" 和 " +"\"bdist_wininst\" 命令，分别用于创建软件的 RPM 分发包和 Windows 安装程序。创建其他分发格式的命令，如 Debian 包和" +" Solaris :file:`.pkg` 文件，也在开发的不同阶段。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:873 +msgid "" +"All this is documented in a new manual, *Distributing Python Modules*, that " +"joins the basic set of Python documentation." +msgstr "所有这些都记录在一个新手册中，*Distributing Python Modules*，它加入了Python文档的基本集合中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:880 +msgid "XML Modules" +msgstr "XML 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:882 +msgid "" +"Python 1.5.2 included a simple XML parser in the form of the :mod:`!xmllib` " +"module, contributed by Sjoerd Mullender. Since 1.5.2's release, two " +"different interfaces for processing XML have become common: SAX2 (version 2 " +"of the Simple API for XML) provides an event-driven interface with some " +"similarities to :mod:`!xmllib`, and the DOM (Document Object Model) provides" +" a tree-based interface, transforming an XML document into a tree of nodes " +"that can be traversed and modified. Python 2.0 includes a SAX2 interface " +"and a stripped-down DOM interface as part of the :mod:`xml` package. Here we" +" will give a brief overview of these new interfaces; consult the Python " +"documentation or the source code for complete details. The Python XML SIG is" +" also working on improved documentation." +msgstr "" +"Python 1.5.2 包含了一个简单的 XML 解析器，以 :mod:`!xmllib` 模块的形式提供，由 Sjoerd Mullender " +"贡献。自1.5.2发布以来，处理 XML 的两种不同接口已经变得常见：SAX2（Simple API for XML " +"的第2版）提供了一个事件驱动的接口，与 :mod:`!xmllib` 有一些相似之处；而 DOM（Document Object " +"Model）提供了一个基于树的接口，将 XML 文档转换为一个可遍历和修改的节点树。Python 2.0 包含了 SAX2 接口和简化的 DOM " +"接口，作为 :mod:`xml` 包的一部分。下面是这些新接口的简要概述；完整的详细信息请参阅 Python 文档或源代码。Python XML SIG" +" 也在致力于改进文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:896 +msgid "SAX2 Support" +msgstr "SAX2 支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:898 +msgid "" +"SAX defines an event-driven interface for parsing XML. To use SAX, you must" +" write a SAX handler class. Handler classes inherit from various classes " +"provided by SAX, and override various methods that will then be called by " +"the XML parser. For example, the " +":meth:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler.startElement` and " +":meth:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler.endElement` methods are called for " +"every starting and end tag encountered by the parser, the " +":meth:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler.characters` method is called for " +"every chunk of character data, and so forth." +msgstr "" +"SAX 定义了一个事件驱动的接口来解析 XML。要使用 SAX，你必须编写一个 SAX 处理器类。处理器类继承自 SAX " +"提供的各种类，并覆盖各种方法，这些方法会在 XML " +"解析器遇到相应事件时被调用。例如，:meth:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler.startElement` 和 " +":meth:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler.endElement` " +"方法会在解析器遇到每个开始和结束标签时被调用，:meth:`~xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler.characters` " +"方法会在解析器遇到每个字符数据块时被调用，等等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:906 +msgid "" +"The advantage of the event-driven approach is that the whole document " +"doesn't have to be resident in memory at any one time, which matters if you " +"are processing really huge documents. However, writing the SAX handler " +"class can get very complicated if you're trying to modify the document " +"structure in some elaborate way." +msgstr "" +"事件驱动方法的优点是整个文档不必同时驻留在内存中，这在处理非常大的文档时尤其重要。然而，如果你试图以某种复杂的方式修改文档结构，编写 SAX " +"处理程序类可能会变得非常复杂。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:912 +msgid "" +"For example, this little example program defines a handler that prints a " +"message for every starting and ending tag, and then parses the file " +":file:`hamlet.xml` using it::" +msgstr "例如，这个小示例程序定义了一个处理器，它为每个开始和结束标签打印一条消息，然后使用它来解析文件 :file:`hamlet.xml`::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:916 +msgid "" +"from xml import sax\n" +"\n" +"class SimpleHandler(sax.ContentHandler):\n" +" def startElement(self, name, attrs):\n" +" print 'Start of element:', name, attrs.keys()\n" +"\n" +" def endElement(self, name):\n" +" print 'End of element:', name\n" +"\n" +"# Create a parser object\n" +"parser = sax.make_parser()\n" +"\n" +"# Tell it what handler to use\n" +"handler = SimpleHandler()\n" +"parser.setContentHandler( handler )\n" +"\n" +"# Parse a file!\n" +"parser.parse( 'hamlet.xml' )" +msgstr "" +"from xml import sax\n" +"\n" +"class SimpleHandler(sax.ContentHandler):\n" +" def startElement(self, name, attrs):\n" +" print 'Start of element:', name, attrs.keys()\n" +"\n" +" def endElement(self, name):\n" +" print 'End of element:', name\n" +"\n" +"# 创建一个解析器对象\n" +"parser = sax.make_parser()\n" +"\n" +"# 告诉它要使用什么处理器\n" +"handler = SimpleHandler()\n" +"parser.setContentHandler( handler )\n" +"\n" +"# 解析一个文件！\n" +"parser.parse( 'hamlet.xml' )" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:935 +msgid "" +"For more information, consult the Python documentation, or the XML HOWTO at " +"https://pyxml.sourceforge.net/topics/howto/xml-howto.html." +msgstr "" +"欲了解更多信息，请查阅 Python 文档，或 https://pyxml.sourceforge.net/topics/howto/xml-" +"howto.html 上的 XML HOWTO。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:940 +msgid "DOM Support" +msgstr "DOM 支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:942 +msgid "" +"The Document Object Model is a tree-based representation for an XML " +"document. A top-level :class:`!Document` instance is the root of the tree, " +"and has a single child which is the top-level :class:`!Element` instance. " +"This :class:`!Element` has children nodes representing character data and " +"any sub-elements, which may have further children of their own, and so " +"forth. Using the DOM you can traverse the resulting tree any way you like, " +"access element and attribute values, insert and delete nodes, and convert " +"the tree back into XML." +msgstr "" +"文档对象模型是一种基于树的表示法，用于表示 XML 文档。一个顶级 :class:`!Document` 实例是树的根节点，并且有一个子节点，它是顶级 " +":class:`!Element`实例。这个 :class:`!Element` " +"具有表示字符数据和任何子元素的子节点，这些子节点可以有进一步的子节点，依此类推。使用 " +"DOM，你可以以任何方式遍历生成的树，访问元素和属性值，插入和删除节点，并将树转换回 XML。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:950 +msgid "" +"The DOM is useful for modifying XML documents, because you can create a DOM " +"tree, modify it by adding new nodes or rearranging subtrees, and then " +"produce a new XML document as output. You can also construct a DOM tree " +"manually and convert it to XML, which can be a more flexible way of " +"producing XML output than simply writing ````...\\ ```` to a " +"file." +msgstr "" +"DOM 在修改 XML 文档方面非常有用，因为你可以创建一个 DOM 树，通过添加新节点或重新排列子树来修改它，然后生成一个新的 XML " +"文档作为输出。你还可以手动构建一个 DOM 树并将其转换为 XML，这比简单地将````...\\````写入文件更灵活。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:956 +msgid "" +"The DOM implementation included with Python lives in the " +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` module. It's a lightweight implementation of the " +"Level 1 DOM with support for XML namespaces. The :func:`!parse` and " +":func:`!parseString` convenience functions are provided for generating a DOM" +" tree::" +msgstr "" +"Python 附带的 DOM 实现在 :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 模块中。它是一个轻量级的 Level 1 DOM 实现，支持 XML" +" 命名空间。提供了 :func:`!parse` 和 :func:`!parseString` 便捷函数用于生成 DOM 树::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:961 +msgid "" +"from xml.dom import minidom\n" +"doc = minidom.parse('hamlet.xml')" +msgstr "" +"from xml.dom import minidom\n" +"doc = minidom.parse('hamlet.xml')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:964 +msgid "" +"``doc`` is a :class:`!Document` instance. :class:`!Document`, like all the " +"other DOM classes such as :class:`!Element` and :class:`Text`, is a subclass" +" of the :class:`!Node` base class. All the nodes in a DOM tree therefore " +"support certain common methods, such as :meth:`!toxml` which returns a " +"string containing the XML representation of the node and its children. Each" +" class also has special methods of its own; for example, :class:`!Element` " +"and :class:`!Document` instances have a method to find all child elements " +"with a given tag name. Continuing from the previous 2-line example::" +msgstr "" +"``doc`` 是一个 :class:`!Document` 实例。:class:`!Document`，和其他所有 DOM " +"类如:class:`!Element` 和 :class:`Text`一样，都是:class:`!Node` 基类的子类。因此，DOM " +"树中的所有节点都支持某些通用方法，例如 :meth:`!toxml` 方法，该方法返回一个包含节点及其子节点的 XML " +"表示的字符串。每个类也有自己的特定方法；例如，:class:`!Element` 和 :class:`!Document` " +"实例有一个方法可以找到具有给定标签名的所有子元素。继续前面 2 行代码的例子：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:973 +msgid "" +"perslist = doc.getElementsByTagName( 'PERSONA' )\n" +"print perslist[0].toxml()\n" +"print perslist[1].toxml()" +msgstr "" +"perslist = doc.getElementsByTagName( 'PERSONA' )\n" +"print perslist[0].toxml()\n" +"print perslist[1].toxml()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:977 +msgid "For the *Hamlet* XML file, the above few lines output::" +msgstr "对于 *Hamlet* XML 文件，上面几行代码输出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:979 +msgid "" +"CLAUDIUS, king of Denmark. \n" +"HAMLET, son to the late, and nephew to the present king." +msgstr "" +"CLAUDIUS, king of Denmark. \n" +"HAMLET, son to the late, and nephew to the present king." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:982 +msgid "" +"The root element of the document is available as ``doc.documentElement``, " +"and its children can be easily modified by deleting, adding, or removing " +"nodes::" +msgstr "" +"文件的根元素可以通过 ``doc.documentElement`` 访问，并且可以通过删除、添加或一处节点来听松修改节点来轻松修改其子元素::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:985 +msgid "" +"root = doc.documentElement\n" +"\n" +"# Remove the first child\n" +"root.removeChild( root.childNodes[0] )\n" +"\n" +"# Move the new first child to the end\n" +"root.appendChild( root.childNodes[0] )\n" +"\n" +"# Insert the new first child (originally,\n" +"# the third child) before the 20th child.\n" +"root.insertBefore( root.childNodes[0], root.childNodes[20] )" +msgstr "" +"root = doc.documentElement\n" +"\n" +"# 移除首个子节点\n" +"root.removeChild( root.childNodes[0] )\n" +"\n" +"# 将新的首个子节点移至末尾\n" +"root.appendChild( root.childNodes[0] )\n" +"\n" +"# 将新的首个子节点（原为第三个子节点）\n" +"# 放至第 20 个子节点之前。\n" +"root.insertBefore( root.childNodes[0], root.childNodes[20] )" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:997 +msgid "" +"Again, I will refer you to the Python documentation for a complete listing " +"of the different :class:`!Node` classes and their various methods." +msgstr "再次，我建议你查阅 Python 文档，以获取不同 :class:`!Node` 类及各种方法的完整列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1002 +msgid "Relationship to PyXML" +msgstr "与 PyXML 的关系" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"The XML Special Interest Group has been working on XML-related Python code " +"for a while. Its code distribution, called PyXML, is available from the " +"SIG's web pages at https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/xml-sig. " +"The PyXML distribution also used the package name ``xml``. If you've " +"written programs that used PyXML, you're probably wondering about its " +"compatibility with the 2.0 :mod:`xml` package." +msgstr "" +"XML 特别兴趣小组已经致力于与 XML 相关的 Python 代码有一段时间了。 其代码分发包称为 PyXML，可以从 SIG 的网页 " +"https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/xml-sig 获取。 PyXML 分发包也使用了 " +"``xml`` 作为包名。 如果你编写了使用 PyXML 的程序，可能会担心它与 Python 2.0 的 :mod:`xml` 包的兼容性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"The answer is that Python 2.0's :mod:`xml` package isn't compatible with " +"PyXML, but can be made compatible by installing a recent version PyXML. " +"Many applications can get by with the XML support that is included with " +"Python 2.0, but more complicated applications will require that the full " +"PyXML package will be installed. When installed, PyXML versions 0.6.0 or " +"greater will replace the :mod:`xml` package shipped with Python, and will be" +" a strict superset of the standard package, adding a bunch of additional " +"features. Some of the additional features in PyXML include:" +msgstr "" +"答案是 Python 2.0 的 :mod:`xml` 包与 PyXML 不兼容，但可以通过安装最新版本的 PyXML 来使其兼容。 " +"许多应用程序可以依赖 Python 2.0 中包含的 XML 支持，但更复杂的应用程序需要安装完整的 PyXML 包。 安装后，版本为 0.6.0 " +"或更高的 PyXML 将替换随 Python 一起发布的 :mod:`xml` 包，并且将是标准包的严格超集，添加许多额外的功能。 PyXML " +"中的一些附加功能包括：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1019 +msgid "4DOM, a full DOM implementation from FourThought, Inc." +msgstr "4DOM，一个来自 FourThought, Inc. 的完整 DOM 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1021 +msgid "The xmlproc validating parser, written by Lars Marius Garshol." +msgstr "xmlproc 验证解析器，由 Lars Marius Garshol 编写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sgmlop` parser accelerator module, written by Fredrik Lundh." +msgstr ":mod:`!sgmlop` 解析器加速模块，由 Fredrik Lundh 编写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1029 +msgid "Module changes" +msgstr "模块更改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"Lots of improvements and bugfixes were made to Python's extensive standard " +"library; some of the affected modules include :mod:`readline`, " +":mod:`ConfigParser `, :mod:`!cgi`, :mod:`calendar`, " +":mod:`posix`, :mod:`readline`, :mod:`!xmllib`, :mod:`!aifc`, :mod:`!chunk`, " +":mod:`wave`, :mod:`random`, :mod:`shelve`, and :mod:`!nntplib`. Consult the" +" CVS logs for the exact patch-by-patch details." +msgstr "" +"对 Python 庞大的标准库进行了大量改进和错误修复；一些受影响的模块包括 :mod:`readline`, :mod:`ConfigParser " +"`, :mod:`!cgi`, :mod:`calendar`, :mod:`posix`, " +":mod:`readline`, :mod:`!xmllib`, :mod:`!aifc`, :mod:`!chunk`, :mod:`wave`, " +":mod:`random`, :mod:`shelve` 和 :mod:`!nntplib`。 请参阅 CVS 日志获取具体的逐个补丁详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"Brian Gallew contributed OpenSSL support for the :mod:`socket` module. " +"OpenSSL is an implementation of the Secure Socket Layer, which encrypts the " +"data being sent over a socket. When compiling Python, you can edit " +":file:`Modules/Setup` to include SSL support, which adds an additional " +"function to the :mod:`socket` module: ``socket.ssl(socket, keyfile, " +"certfile)``, which takes a socket object and returns an SSL socket. The " +":mod:`httplib ` and :mod:`urllib` modules were also changed to support" +" ``https://`` URLs, though no one has implemented FTP or SMTP over SSL." +msgstr "" +"Brian Gallew 贡献了 :mod:`socket` 模块的 OpenSSL 支持。OpenSSL " +"是一个安全套接字层实现，用于加密通过套接字发送的数据。在编译 Python 时，你可以编辑 :file:`Modules/Setup` 文件以包含 " +"SSL 支持，这会为 :mod:`socket` 模块添加一个额外的函数：``socket.ssl(socket, keyfile, " +"certfile)``，它接收一个套接字对象并返回一个 SSL 套接字。:mod:`httplib ` 和 :mod:`urllib` " +"模块也进行了更改，以支持``https://`` 的URL，但目前还没有人实现通过 SSL 的 FTP 或 SMTP。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`httplib ` module has been rewritten by Greg Stein to support" +" HTTP/1.1." +msgstr ":mod:`httplib ` 模块已由 Greg Stein 重写以支持 HTTP/1.1。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"Backward compatibility with the 1.5 version of :mod:`!httplib` is provided, " +"though using HTTP/1.1 features such as pipelining will require rewriting " +"code to use a different set of interfaces." +msgstr "" +"对 1.5 版本的 :mod:`!httplib` 提供了向下兼容性，尽管使用 HTTP/1.1 特性如流水线将需要重写代码以使用不同的一组接口。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!Tkinter` module now supports Tcl/Tk version 8.1, 8.2, or 8.3, and" +" support for the older 7.x versions has been dropped. The Tkinter module " +"now supports displaying Unicode strings in Tk widgets. Also, Fredrik Lundh " +"contributed an optimization which makes operations like ``create_line`` and " +"``create_polygon`` much faster, especially when using lots of coordinates." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!Tkinter` 模块现在支持 Tcl/Tk 版本 8.1、8.2 或 8.3，并且不再支持旧的 7.x 版本。Tkinter " +"模块现在支持在 Tk 小部件中显示 Unicode 字符串。此外，Fredrik Lundh 贡献了一项优化，使得诸如 ``create_line`` " +"和 ``create_polygon`` 等操作速度更快，尤其是在使用大量坐标时。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses` module has been greatly extended, starting from Oliver " +"Andrich's enhanced version, to provide many additional functions from " +"ncurses and SYSV curses, such as colour, alternative character set support, " +"pads, and mouse support. This means the module is no longer compatible with" +" operating systems that only have BSD curses, but there don't seem to be any" +" currently maintained OSes that fall into this category." +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses` 模块在 Oliver Andrich 增强版本的基础上得到了极大的扩展，提供了许多来自 ncurses 和 SYSV " +"curses 的附加功能，如颜色、替代字符集支持、手写板和鼠标支持等。 这意味着该模块不再兼容仅有 BSD curses " +"的操作系统，但目前似乎没有任何属于这一类别的操作系统正在维护中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"As mentioned in the earlier discussion of 2.0's Unicode support, the " +"underlying implementation of the regular expressions provided by the " +":mod:`re` module has been changed. SRE, a new regular expression engine " +"written by Fredrik Lundh and partially funded by Hewlett Packard, supports " +"matching against both 8-bit strings and Unicode strings." +msgstr "" +"如前面讨论的 Python 2.0 对 Unicode 的支持所提到的，:mod:`re` 模块提供的正则表达式的底层实现已经更改。 " +"SRE，一个新的正则表达式引擎，由 Ferdrik Lundh 编写，部分由惠普资助，支持匹配 8 位字符串和 Unicode 字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1075 +msgid "New modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"A number of new modules were added. We'll simply list them with brief " +"descriptions; consult the 2.0 documentation for the details of a particular " +"module." +msgstr "添加了许多新模块，我们将简单列出它们并附上简要概述；有关特定模块的详细信息，请查阅 2.0 文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1081 +msgid "" +":mod:`atexit`: For registering functions to be called before the Python " +"interpreter exits. Code that currently sets ``sys.exitfunc`` directly should" +" be changed to use the :mod:`atexit` module instead, importing " +":mod:`atexit` and calling :func:`atexit.register` with the function to be " +"called on exit. (Contributed by Skip Montanaro.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`atexit` 模块用于注册在 Python 解释器退出之前调用的函数。当前直接设置 ``sys.exitfunc`` 的代码应改为使用 " +":mod:`atexit` 模块，导入 :mod:`atexit` 并使用 :func:`atexit.register` 调用要在退出时调用的函数。 " +"（由 Skip Montanaro 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1087 +msgid "" +":mod:`codecs`, :mod:`!encodings`, :mod:`unicodedata`: Added as part of the " +"new Unicode support." +msgstr "" +":mod:`codecs`, :mod:`!encodings`, :mod:`unicodedata`: 作为新的Unicode支持的一部分添加。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1090 +msgid "" +":mod:`filecmp`: Supersedes the old :mod:`!cmp`, :mod:`!cmpcache` and " +":mod:`!dircmp` modules, which have now become deprecated. (Contributed by " +"Gordon MacMillan and Moshe Zadka.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`filecmp` 模块取代了旧的 :mod:`!cmp`, :mod:`!cmpcache`, 和 :mod:`!dircmp` " +"模块，这些模块现在已经被废弃。（由 Gordon MacMillan 和 Moshe Zadka 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1094 +msgid "" +":mod:`gettext`: This module provides internationalization (I18N) and " +"localization (L10N) support for Python programs by providing an interface to" +" the GNU gettext message catalog library. (Integrated by Barry Warsaw, from " +"separate contributions by Martin von Löwis, Peter Funk, and James " +"Henstridge.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`gettext`: 这个模块通过提供 GNU gettext 消息目录库的接口，为 Python " +"程序提供国际化（I18N）和本地化（L10N）支持。 （由 Barry Warsaw 整合，来自 Martin von Löwis, Peter " +"Funk 和 James Henstridge 的独立贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1099 +msgid "" +":mod:`!linuxaudiodev`: Support for the :file:`/dev/audio` device on Linux, a" +" twin to the existing :mod:`!sunaudiodev` module. (Contributed by Peter " +"Bosch, with fixes by Jeremy Hylton.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!linuxaudiodev`: 支持 Linux 上的 :file:`/dev/audio` 设备，与现有的 " +":mod:`!sunaudiodev` 模块相对应。（由 Peter Bosch 贡献，Jeremy Hylton 提供修复。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1103 +msgid "" +":mod:`mmap`: An interface to memory-mapped files on both Windows and Unix. " +"A file's contents can be mapped directly into memory, at which point it " +"behaves like a mutable string, so its contents can be read and modified. " +"They can even be passed to functions that expect ordinary strings, such as " +"the :mod:`re` module. (Contributed by Sam Rushing, with some extensions by " +"A.M. Kuchling.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`mmap`: 提供对内存映射文件的接口，支持 Windows 和 " +"Unix。文件的内容可以直接映射到内存中，此时它表现得像一个可变字符串，因此可以读取和修改其内容。它们甚至可以传递给期望普通字符串的函数，例如 " +":mod:`re` 模块。（由 Sam Rushing 贡献，并由 A.M. Kuchling 提供一些扩展。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1109 +msgid "" +":mod:`!pyexpat`: An interface to the Expat XML parser. (Contributed by Paul " +"Prescod.)" +msgstr ":mod:`!pyexpat`: Expat XML解析器的接口。 （由 Paul Prescod 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1112 +msgid "" +":mod:`robotparser `: Parse a :file:`robots.txt` file, " +"which is used for writing web spiders that politely avoid certain areas of a" +" web site. The parser accepts the contents of a :file:`robots.txt` file, " +"builds a set of rules from it, and can then answer questions about the " +"fetchability of a given URL. (Contributed by Skip Montanaro.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`robotparser `: 解析 :file:`robots.txt` " +"文件，这个文件用于编写礼貌地避开网站某些区域的网络爬虫。 解析器接受 :file:`robots.txt` " +"文件的内容，从中构建一组规则，然后可以回答有关给定 URL 是否可以被抓取的问题。 （由 Skip Montanaro 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1118 +msgid "" +":mod:`tabnanny`: A module/script to check Python source code for ambiguous " +"indentation. (Contributed by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr ":mod:`tabnanny`: 一个模块/脚本，用于检查 Python 源代码中不歧义的缩进。 （由 Tim Peters 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1121 +msgid "" +":mod:`!UserString`: A base class useful for deriving objects that behave " +"like strings." +msgstr ":mod:`!UserString`: 一个基类，用于派生行为类似于字符串的对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1124 +msgid "" +":mod:`webbrowser`: A module that provides a platform independent way to " +"launch a web browser on a specific URL. For each platform, various browsers " +"are tried in a specific order. The user can alter which browser is launched " +"by setting the *BROWSER* environment variable. (Originally inspired by Eric" +" S. Raymond's patch to :mod:`urllib` which added similar functionality, but " +"the final module comes from code originally implemented by Fred Drake as " +":file:`Tools/idle/BrowserControl.py`, and adapted for the standard library " +"by Fred.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`webbrowser` 模块提供了一种平台独立的方式来在特定 URL 上启动 web " +"浏览器。对于每个平台，模块会按特定顺序尝试各种浏览器。用户可以通过设置 *BROWSER* 环境变量来更改启动的浏览器。（最初的灵感来自 Eric S." +" Raymond 对 :mod:`urllib` 的补丁，该补丁增加了类似的功能，但最终的模块来自 Fred Drake 最初实现的代码 " +":file:`Tools/idle/BrowserControl.py`，并由 Fred 适配到标准库中。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1133 +msgid "" +":mod:`_winreg `: An interface to the Windows registry. " +":mod:`!_winreg` is an adaptation of functions that have been part of " +"PythonWin since 1995, but has now been added to the core distribution, and " +"enhanced to support Unicode. :mod:`!_winreg` was written by Bill Tutt and " +"Mark Hammond." +msgstr "" +":mod:`_winreg ` 模块：提供了一个用于访问 Windows 注册表的接口。:mod:`!_winreg` 是对自 1995" +" 年以来一直是 PythonWin 一部分的函数的改编，现在已被添加到核心分发版中，并增强了对 Unicode 的支持。 :mod:`!_winreg`" +" 由 Bill Tutt 和 Mark Hammond 编写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1138 +msgid "" +":mod:`zipfile`: A module for reading and writing ZIP-format archives. These" +" are archives produced by :program:`PKZIP` on DOS/Windows or :program:`zip` " +"on Unix, not to be confused with :program:`gzip`\\ -format files (which are " +"supported by the :mod:`gzip` module) (Contributed by James C. Ahlstrom.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`zipfile` 模块：用于读取和写入 ZIP 格式的归档文件。 这些归档文件是由 DOS/Windows 上的 " +":program:`PKZIP` 或 Unix 上的 :program:`zip` 生成的，不要与 :program:`gzip` 格式文件（由 " +":mod:`gzip` 支持）混淆。 （由 James C. Ahlstrom 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1143 +msgid "" +":mod:`!imputil`: A module that provides a simpler way for writing customized" +" import hooks, in comparison to the existing :mod:`!ihooks` module. " +"(Implemented by Greg Stein, with much discussion on python-dev along the " +"way.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!imputil`模块：提供了一种比现有的 :mod:`!ihooks` 模块更简单的方式来编写自定义导入钩子。（由 Greg Stein " +"实现，并在实现过程中在 python-dev 进行了大量讨论。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1151 +msgid "IDLE Improvements" +msgstr "IDLE 改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"IDLE is the official Python cross-platform IDE, written using Tkinter. " +"Python 2.0 includes IDLE 0.6, which adds a number of new features and " +"improvements. A partial list:" +msgstr "" +"IDLE 是官方的 Python 跨平台 IDE，使用 Tkinter 编写。 Python 2.0 包括了 IDLE " +"0.6，它增加了许多新特性和改进。 部分新内容列表：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1157 +msgid "" +"UI improvements and optimizations, especially in the area of syntax " +"highlighting and auto-indentation." +msgstr "界面改进和优化，特别是在语法高亮和自动缩进方面。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1160 +msgid "" +"The class browser now shows more information, such as the top level " +"functions in a module." +msgstr "类浏览器现在将显示更多信息，例如一个模块中最高层级的函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1163 +msgid "" +"Tab width is now a user settable option. When opening an existing Python " +"file, IDLE automatically detects the indentation conventions, and adapts." +msgstr "制表符宽度现在是一个用户可设置的选项。在打开现有的 Python 文件时，IDLE 会自动检测缩进约定并进行适应。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"There is now support for calling browsers on various platforms, used to open" +" the Python documentation in a browser." +msgstr "现在支持在各种平台上调用浏览器，用于在浏览器中打开 Python 文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1169 +msgid "" +"IDLE now has a command line, which is largely similar to the vanilla Python" +" interpreter." +msgstr "IDLE 现在有一个命令行，它与原版 Python 解释器大致相同。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1172 +msgid "Call tips were added in many places." +msgstr "在许多地方添加了调用提示。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1174 +msgid "IDLE can now be installed as a package." +msgstr "IDLE 现在可以作为一个包被安装。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1176 +msgid "In the editor window, there is now a line/column bar at the bottom." +msgstr "在编辑器窗口中，目前在底部位置增加了一个行/列显示栏。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"Three new keystroke commands: Check module (:kbd:`Alt-F5`), Import module " +"(:kbd:`F5`) and Run script (:kbd:`Ctrl-F5`)." +msgstr "" +"三个新的键盘快捷键：检查模块 (:kbd:`Alt-F5`)，导入模块 (:kbd:`F5`) 和执行脚本 (:kbd:`Ctrl-F5`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1185 +msgid "Deleted and Deprecated Modules" +msgstr "删除和弃用的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1187 +msgid "" +"A few modules have been dropped because they're obsolete, or because there " +"are now better ways to do the same thing. The :mod:`!stdwin` module is " +"gone; it was for a platform-independent windowing toolkit that's no longer " +"developed." +msgstr "" +"有几个模块因为已经过时，或者因为现在有更好的方法来实现相同的功能而被删除。 :mod:`!stdwin` " +"模块已被移除；它是一个不再开发的跨平台窗口工具包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1191 +msgid "" +"A number of modules have been moved to the :file:`lib-old` subdirectory: " +":mod:`!cmp`, :mod:`!cmpcache`, :mod:`!dircmp`, :mod:`!dump`, :mod:`!find`, " +":mod:`!grep`, :mod:`!packmail`, :mod:`!poly`, :mod:`!util`, " +":mod:`!whatsound`, :mod:`!zmod`. If you have code which relies on a module" +" that's been moved to :file:`lib-old`, you can simply add that directory to" +" ``sys.path`` to get them back, but you're encouraged to update any code " +"that uses these modules." +msgstr "" +"许多模块已经移动到了 :file:`lib-old` 子目录: " +":mod:`!cmp`，:mod:`!cmpcache`，:mod:`!dircmp`，:mod:`!dump`，:mod:`!find`，:mod:`!grep`，:mod:`!packmail`，:mod:`!poly`，:mod:`!util`，:mod:`!whatsound`，:mod:`!zmod`。" +" 如果你的代码依赖于已移动到 :file:`lib-old` 的模块，你可以简单地将该目录添加到 ``sys.path`` " +"中来找回它们，但建议你更新任何使用这些模块的代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1200 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.0.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"The authors would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions on various drafts of this article: David Bolen, Mark Hammond, " +"Gregg Hauser, Jeremy Hylton, Fredrik Lundh, Detlef Lannert, Aahz Maruch, " +"Skip Montanaro, Vladimir Marangozov, Tobias Polzin, Guido van Rossum, Neil " +"Schemenauer, and Russ Schmidt." +msgstr "" +"作者感谢以下人士对本文的各种草稿提出建议： David Bolen, Mark Hammond, Gregg Hauser, Jeremy " +"Hylton, Fredrik Lundh, Detlef Lannert, Aahz Maruch, Skip Montanaro, Vladimir" +" Marangozov, Tobias Polzin, Guido van Rossum, Neil Schemenauer, and Russ " +"Schmidt." diff --git a/whatsnew/2.1.po b/whatsnew/2.1.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e50a0a4a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.1.po @@ -0,0 +1,1478 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:3 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.1" +msgstr "Python 2.1 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:5 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:13 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 2.1. While there aren't as" +" many changes in 2.1 as there were in Python 2.0, there are still some " +"pleasant surprises in store. 2.1 is the first release to be steered through" +" the use of Python Enhancement Proposals, or PEPs, so most of the sizable " +"changes have accompanying PEPs that provide more complete documentation and " +"a design rationale for the change. This article doesn't attempt to document" +" the new features completely, but simply provides an overview of the new " +"features for Python programmers. Refer to the Python 2.1 documentation, or " +"to the specific PEP, for more details about any new feature that " +"particularly interests you." +msgstr "" +"本文介绍了 Python 2.1 的新增特性。 虽然 2.1 的改变没有 Python 2.0 那么多，但是仍然有一些令人惊喜的东西。 2.1 " +"是第一个使用 Python 增强提议，即 PEP 来进行引导的发行版，因此大部分重要的改变都有相应的 PEP 来提供有关改变的更完整文档和设计思路。 " +"本文并未试图完整记录所有的新特性，而是为 Python 程序员提供新特性的简单概览。 请参阅 Python 2.1 文档，或特定的 " +"PEP，获取针对你感兴趣的任何新特性的更多细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:25 +msgid "" +"One recent goal of the Python development team has been to accelerate the " +"pace of new releases, with a new release coming every 6 to 9 months. 2.1 is " +"the first release to come out at this faster pace, with the first alpha " +"appearing in January, 3 months after the final version of 2.0 was released." +msgstr "" +"Python 开发团队的一个近期目标是加速新发行版的步调，使得每 6 到 9 个月就有一个新发行版。 2.1 " +"是基于这个新步调推出的第一个发行版，第一个内测版将于一月发布，即 2.0 最终版发布 3 个月之后。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:30 +msgid "The final release of Python 2.1 was made on April 17, 2001." +msgstr "Python 2.1 的最终版本于2001年4月17日发布。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:36 +msgid "PEP 227: Nested Scopes" +msgstr "PEP 227: 嵌套的作用域" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The largest change in Python 2.1 is to Python's scoping rules. In Python " +"2.0, at any given time there are at most three namespaces used to look up " +"variable names: local, module-level, and the built-in namespace. This often" +" surprised people because it didn't match their intuitive expectations. For" +" example, a nested recursive function definition doesn't work::" +msgstr "" +"Python 2.1 中的最大改变是 Python 的作用域规则。 在 Python 2.0 " +"中，任意给定的时刻至多使用三个命名空间来查找变量名称：局部、模块和内置命名空间。 这往往会导致令人吃惊的结果因为它与人们直觉上的预期不相匹配。 " +"例如，一个嵌套的递归函数将不起作用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:44 +msgid "" +"def f():\n" +" ...\n" +" def g(value):\n" +" ...\n" +" return g(value-1) + 1\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def f():\n" +" ...\n" +" def g(value):\n" +" ...\n" +" return g(value-1) + 1\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:51 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`!g` will always raise a :exc:`NameError` exception, " +"because the binding of the name ``g`` isn't in either its local namespace or" +" in the module-level namespace. This isn't much of a problem in practice " +"(how often do you recursively define interior functions like this?), but " +"this also made using the :keyword:`lambda` expression clumsier, and this was" +" a problem in practice. In code which uses :keyword:`lambda` you can often " +"find local variables being copied by passing them as the default values of " +"arguments. ::" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`!g` 总是会引发 :exc:`NameError` 异常，因为名称 ``g`` 的绑定既不在局部命名空间中也不在模块级命名空间中。" +" 这在实践中不会有太大问题（你会经常这样递归地定义内部函数吗？），但是这也会让 :keyword:`lambda` " +"表达式的使用更为笨拙，这在实践中是有问题的。 在使用了 :keyword:`lambda` 的代码中你经常能发现局部变量通过作为参数的默认值被拷贝。 " +"::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:59 +msgid "" +"def find(self, name):\n" +" \"Return list of any entries equal to 'name'\"\n" +" L = filter(lambda x, name=name: x == name,\n" +" self.list_attribute)\n" +" return L" +msgstr "" +"def find(self, name):\n" +" \"Return list of any entries equal to 'name'\"\n" +" L = filter(lambda x, name=name: x == name,\n" +" self.list_attribute)\n" +" return L" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:65 +msgid "" +"The readability of Python code written in a strongly functional style " +"suffers greatly as a result." +msgstr "结果将会严重损害以高度函数式风格编写的 Python 代码的可读性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The most significant change to Python 2.1 is that static scoping has been " +"added to the language to fix this problem. As a first effect, the " +"``name=name`` default argument is now unnecessary in the above example. Put" +" simply, when a given variable name is not assigned a value within a " +"function (by an assignment, or the :keyword:`def`, :keyword:`class`, or " +":keyword:`import` statements), references to the variable will be looked up " +"in the local namespace of the enclosing scope. A more detailed explanation " +"of the rules, and a dissection of the implementation, can be found in the " +"PEP." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.1 最显著的改变是增加了静态作用域这一语言特征来解决此问题。 作为它的第一项影响，在上述示例中的 ``name=name`` " +"默认参数现在将不再必要。 简单地说，当一个函数内部的给定变量名没有被赋值时（通过赋值语句，或者 :keyword:`def`, " +":keyword:`class` 或 :keyword:`import` 语句），对该变量的引用将在外层作用域的局部命名空间中查找。 " +"对于该规则的更详细解释，以及具体实现的分析，请参阅相应的 PEP。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:77 +msgid "" +"This change may cause some compatibility problems for code where the same " +"variable name is used both at the module level and as a local variable " +"within a function that contains further function definitions. This seems " +"rather unlikely though, since such code would have been pretty confusing to " +"read in the first place." +msgstr "" +"对于同时在模块层级和包含下层函数定义的函数内部局部变量使用了相同变量名的代码来说这项改变可能会导致一些兼容性问题。 " +"不过这看来不太可能发生，因为阅读这样的代码本来就会相当令人困惑。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:83 +msgid "" +"One side effect of the change is that the ``from module import *`` and " +"``exec`` statements have been made illegal inside a function scope under " +"certain conditions. The Python reference manual has said all along that " +"``from module import *`` is only legal at the top level of a module, but the" +" CPython interpreter has never enforced this before. As part of the " +"implementation of nested scopes, the compiler which turns Python source into" +" bytecodes has to generate different code to access variables in a " +"containing scope. ``from module import *`` and ``exec`` make it impossible " +"for the compiler to figure this out, because they add names to the local " +"namespace that are unknowable at compile time. Therefore, if a function " +"contains function definitions or :keyword:`lambda` expressions with free " +"variables, the compiler will flag this by raising a :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"此项改变的一个附带影响是在特定条件下函数作用域内部 ``from module import *`` 和 ``exec`` 语句将不允许使用。 " +"Python 参考手册已经写明 ``from module import *`` 仅在模块最高层级上是可用的，但此前 CPython " +"解释器从未强制实施此规则。 作为嵌套作用域具体实现的一部分，将 Python 源码转为字节码的编译器会生成不同的代码来访问某个包含作用域内的变量。 " +"``from module import *`` 和 ``exec`` 会使得编译器无法正确执行，因为它们会向局部命名空间添加在编译时还不存在的名称。 " +"为此，如果一个函数包含带有自由变量的函数定义或 :keyword:`lambda` 表达式，编译器将通过引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"异常来提示。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:96 +msgid "To make the preceding explanation a bit clearer, here's an example::" +msgstr "为了使前面的解释更清楚，下面是一个例子::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:98 +msgid "" +"x = 1\n" +"def f():\n" +" # The next line is a syntax error\n" +" exec 'x=2'\n" +" def g():\n" +" return x" +msgstr "" +"x = 1\n" +"def f():\n" +" # 下一行有语法错误\n" +" exec 'x=2'\n" +" def g():\n" +" return x" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Line 4 containing the ``exec`` statement is a syntax error, since ``exec`` " +"would define a new local variable named ``x`` whose value should be accessed" +" by :func:`!g`." +msgstr "" +"包含 ``exec`` 语句的第 4 行有语法错误，因为 ``exec`` 会定义一个名为 ``x`` 的新局部变量，它的值应当被 :func:`!g`" +" 所访问。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:109 +msgid "" +"This shouldn't be much of a limitation, since ``exec`` is rarely used in " +"most Python code (and when it is used, it's often a sign of a poor design " +"anyway)." +msgstr "这应该不会是太大的限制，因为 ``exec`` 在多数 Python 代码中都极少被使用（而当它被使用时，往往也是个存在糟糕设计的信号）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:113 +msgid "" +"Compatibility concerns have led to nested scopes being introduced gradually;" +" in Python 2.1, they aren't enabled by default, but can be turned on within " +"a module by using a future statement as described in :pep:`236`. (See the " +"following section for further discussion of :pep:`236`.) In Python 2.2, " +"nested scopes will become the default and there will be no way to turn them " +"off, but users will have had all of 2.1's lifetime to fix any breakage " +"resulting from their introduction." +msgstr "" +"由于兼容性问题，嵌套作用域被逐步引入；在 Python 2.1 中，它们默认未启用，但可以通过在模块中使用 future 语句来开启，如 " +":pep:`236` 所述。 （参见下一节对 :pep:`236` 的进一步讨论。） 在 Python 2.2 " +"中，嵌套作用域将成为默认设置，并且无法关闭，但用户将有整个 2.1 版本的生命周期来修复因引入嵌套作用域而导致的任何问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:123 +msgid ":pep:`227` - Statically Nested Scopes" +msgstr ":pep:`227` - 静态嵌套作用域" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:124 +msgid "Written and implemented by Jeremy Hylton." +msgstr "由 Jeremy Hylton 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:130 +msgid "PEP 236: __future__ Directives" +msgstr "PEP 236: __future__ 指令" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:132 +msgid "" +"The reaction to nested scopes was widespread concern about the dangers of " +"breaking code with the 2.1 release, and it was strong enough to make the " +"Pythoneers take a more conservative approach. This approach consists of " +"introducing a convention for enabling optional functionality in release N " +"that will become compulsory in release N+1." +msgstr "" +"对嵌套作用域的反应引起了广泛关注，人们担心在 Python 2.1 版本发布时会破坏现有代码，强烈的反应促使 Python " +"开发者采取了更保守的策略。这个策略包括引入一种约定，在版本 N 中启用可选功能，该功能将在版本 N+1 中成为强制功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:138 +msgid "" +"The syntax uses a ``from...import`` statement using the reserved module name" +" :mod:`__future__`. Nested scopes can be enabled by the following " +"statement::" +msgstr "语法使用 ``from...import`` 语句，使用保留模块名 :mod:`__future__`。可以通过以下语句启用嵌套作用域::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:141 +msgid "from __future__ import nested_scopes" +msgstr "from __future__ import nested_scopes" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:143 +msgid "" +"While it looks like a normal :keyword:`import` statement, it's not; there " +"are strict rules on where such a future statement can be put. They can only " +"be at the top of a module, and must precede any Python code or regular " +":keyword:`!import` statements. This is because such statements can affect " +"how the Python bytecode compiler parses code and generates bytecode, so they" +" must precede any statement that will result in bytecodes being produced." +msgstr "" +"虽然它看起来像一个普通的 :keyword:`import` 语句，但实际上并不是；关于此类 future " +"语句的位置有严格的规定。它们只能放在模块的顶部，必须位于任何 Python 代码或常规 :keyword:`!import` " +"语句之前。这是因为这样的语句会影响 Python 字节码编译器解析代码和生成字节码的方式，因此它们必须在任何会生成字节码的语句之前出现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:153 +msgid ":pep:`236` - Back to the :mod:`__future__`" +msgstr ":pep:`236` - 回到 :mod:`__future__`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:154 +msgid "Written by Tim Peters, and primarily implemented by Jeremy Hylton." +msgstr "由 Tim Peters 撰写，主要由 Jeremy Hylton 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:160 +msgid "PEP 207: Rich Comparisons" +msgstr "PEP 207: 富比较" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:162 +msgid "" +"In earlier versions, Python's support for implementing comparisons on user-" +"defined classes and extension types was quite simple. Classes could " +"implement a :meth:`!__cmp__` method that was given two instances of a class," +" and could only return 0 if they were equal or +1 or -1 if they weren't; the" +" method couldn't raise an exception or return anything other than a Boolean " +"value. Users of Numeric Python often found this model too weak and " +"restrictive, because in the number-crunching programs that numeric Python is" +" used for, it would be more useful to be able to perform elementwise " +"comparisons of two matrices, returning a matrix containing the results of a " +"given comparison for each element. If the two matrices are of different " +"sizes, then the compare has to be able to raise an exception to signal the " +"error." +msgstr "" +"在早期版本中，Python 对用户定义类和扩展类型的比较操作支持相当简单。类可以实现一个 :meth:`!__cmp__` " +"方法，该方法接收两个类实例，并且只能返回 0 表示相等，或 +1 或 -1 表示不相等；该方法不能引发异常或返回布尔值以外的任何内容。Numeric " +"Python 的用户经常发现这种模型太弱且受限，因为在 Numeric Python " +"所用的数字运算程序中，能够对两个矩阵进行逐元素比较更为有用，返回一个包含每个元素比较结果的矩阵。如果两个矩阵的大小不同，则比较必须能够引发异常以表示错误。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:174 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.1, rich comparisons were added in order to support this need. " +"Python classes can now individually overload each of the ``<``, ``<=``, " +"``>``, ``>=``, ``==``, and ``!=`` operations. The new magic method names " +"are:" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.1 中增加了富比较操作以支持这一需求。 Python 类现在可以单独重载 ``<``, ``<=``, ``>``, " +"``>=``, ``==`` 和 ``!=`` 中的每个操作。 新的魔术方法名称如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:179 +msgid "Operation" +msgstr "运算" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:179 +msgid "Method name" +msgstr "方法名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:181 +msgid "``<``" +msgstr "``<``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:181 +msgid ":meth:`~object.__lt__`" +msgstr ":meth:`~object.__lt__`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:183 +msgid "``<=``" +msgstr "``<=``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:183 +msgid ":meth:`~object.__le__`" +msgstr ":meth:`~object.__le__`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:185 +msgid "``>``" +msgstr "``>``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:185 +msgid ":meth:`~object.__gt__`" +msgstr ":meth:`~object.__gt__`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:187 +msgid "``>=``" +msgstr "``>=``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:187 +msgid ":meth:`~object.__ge__`" +msgstr ":meth:`~object.__ge__`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:189 +msgid "``==``" +msgstr "``==``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:189 +msgid ":meth:`~object.__eq__`" +msgstr ":meth:`~object.__eq__`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:191 +msgid "``!=``" +msgstr "``!=``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:191 +msgid ":meth:`~object.__ne__`" +msgstr ":meth:`~object.__ne__`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:194 +msgid "" +"(The magic methods are named after the corresponding Fortran operators " +"``.LT.``. ``.LE.``, &c. Numeric programmers are almost certainly quite " +"familiar with these names and will find them easy to remember.)" +msgstr "" +"（这些魔术方法是以对应的 Fortran 操作符命名的，如 ``.LT.``、``.LE.`` 等。 " +"数值程序员几乎肯定对这些名称非常熟悉，并且会发现它们易于记忆。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:198 +msgid "" +"Each of these magic methods is of the form ``method(self, other)``, where " +"``self`` will be the object on the left-hand side of the operator, while " +"``other`` will be the object on the right-hand side. For example, the " +"expression ``A < B`` will cause ``A.__lt__(B)`` to be called." +msgstr "" +"每个这样的魔术方法的形式都是 ``method(self, other)``，其中 ``self`` 是操作符左侧的对象，而 ``other`` " +"是操作符右侧的对象。 例如，表达式 ``A < B`` 会调用 ``A.__lt__(B)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Each of these magic methods can return anything at all: a Boolean, a matrix," +" a list, or any other Python object. Alternatively they can raise an " +"exception if the comparison is impossible, inconsistent, or otherwise " +"meaningless." +msgstr "" +"这些魔术方法可以返回任何类型的值：布尔值、矩阵、列表或任何其他 Python 对象。或者，如果比较是不可能的、不一致的或没有意义的，它们也可以引发异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:207 +msgid "" +"The built-in ``cmp(A,B)`` function can use the rich comparison machinery, " +"and now accepts an optional argument specifying which comparison operation " +"to use; this is given as one of the strings ``\"<\"``, ``\"<=\"``, " +"``\">\"``, ``\">=\"``, ``\"==\"``, or ``\"!=\"``. If called without the " +"optional third argument, :func:`!cmp` will only return -1, 0, or +1 as in " +"previous versions of Python; otherwise it will call the appropriate method " +"and can return any Python object." +msgstr "" +"内置的 ``cmp(A,B)`` 函数可以使用富比较机制，现在接受一个可选参数来指定要使用的比较操作；该参数可以是字符串 " +"``\"<\"``、``\"<=\"``、``\">\"``、``\">=\"``、``\"==\"`` 或 ``\"!=\"`` 之一。 " +"如果不带可选的第三个参数调用，:func:`!cmp` 函数将只返回 -1、0 或 +1，就像以前的 Python " +"版本一样；否则，它将调用适当的方法并可以返回任何 Python 对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:214 +msgid "" +"There are also corresponding changes of interest to C programmers; there's a" +" new slot ``tp_richcmp`` in type objects and an API for performing a given " +"rich comparison. I won't cover the C API here, but will refer you to " +":pep:`207`, or to 2.1's C API documentation, for the full list of related " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"对于 C 程序员来说，也有相应的变更；类型对象中有一个新的槽位 ``tp_richcmp`` 以及一个用于执行指定富比较的 API。 这里我不会涉及 C" +" API 的具体内容，完整的相关函数列表请参阅 :pep:`207` 或 2.1 的 C API 文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:222 +msgid ":pep:`207` - Rich Comparisons" +msgstr ":pep:`207` - 富比较" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Written by Guido van Rossum, heavily based on earlier work by David Ascher, " +"and implemented by Guido van Rossum." +msgstr "由 Guido van Rossum 编写，大量参考 David Ascher 的先期工作，并由 Guido van Rossum 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:230 +msgid "PEP 230: Warning Framework" +msgstr "PEP 230: 警告框架" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:232 +msgid "" +"Over its 10 years of existence, Python has accumulated a certain number of " +"obsolete modules and features along the way. It's difficult to know when a " +"feature is safe to remove, since there's no way of knowing how much code " +"uses it --- perhaps no programs depend on the feature, or perhaps many do. " +"To enable removing old features in a more structured way, a warning " +"framework was added. When the Python developers want to get rid of a " +"feature, it will first trigger a warning in the next version of Python. The" +" following Python version can then drop the feature, and users will have had" +" a full release cycle to remove uses of the old feature." +msgstr "" +"在过去的 10 年中，Python 积累了一定数量的过时模块和功能。 " +"由于无法确切知道某个功能被使用的程度：可能没有程序依赖该功能，也可能有很多程序依赖，因此很难确定何时可以安全地移除某个功能，为了以更结构化的方式移除旧功能，添加了一个警告框架。" +" 当 Python 开发者想要废弃某个功能时，它会在下一个 Python 版本中首先触发一个警告。 " +"然后，在随后的Python版本中可以移除该功能，这样用户将有一个完整的发布周期来删除对旧功能的使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:242 +msgid "" +"Python 2.1 adds the warning framework to be used in this scheme. It adds a " +":mod:`warnings` module that provide functions to issue warnings, and to " +"filter out warnings that you don't want to be displayed. Third-party modules" +" can also use this framework to deprecate old features that they no longer " +"wish to support." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.1 增加了警告框架以用于此方案。 它增加了一个 :mod:`warnings` " +"模块，该模块提供了发出警告的函数，以及过滤掉不想显示的警告的功能。 第三方模块也可以使用这个框架来弃用它们不再希望支持的旧功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:248 +msgid "" +"For example, in Python 2.1 the :mod:`!regex` module is deprecated, so " +"importing it causes a warning to be printed::" +msgstr "例如，在 Python 2.1 中，:mod:`!regex` 模块已被弃用，因此导入它会打印出一个警告::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:251 +msgid "" +">>> import regex\n" +"__main__:1: DeprecationWarning: the regex module\n" +" is deprecated; please use the re module\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> import regex\n" +"__main__:1: DeprecationWarning: the regex module\n" +" is deprecated; please use the re module\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:256 +msgid "Warnings can be issued by calling the :func:`warnings.warn` function::" +msgstr "警告可以通过调用 :func:`warnings.warn` 函数来发出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:258 +msgid "warnings.warn(\"feature X no longer supported\")" +msgstr "warnings.warn(\"feature X no longer supported\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:260 +msgid "" +"The first parameter is the warning message; an additional optional " +"parameters can be used to specify a particular warning category." +msgstr "第一个形参是警告消息；额外的可选形参可被用来指定一个专门的警告类别。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:263 +msgid "" +"Filters can be added to disable certain warnings; a regular expression " +"pattern can be applied to the message or to the module name in order to " +"suppress a warning. For example, you may have a program that uses the " +":mod:`!regex` module and not want to spare the time to convert it to use the" +" :mod:`re` module right now. The warning can be suppressed by calling ::" +msgstr "" +"可以添加过滤器来禁用特定的警告；可以将某个正则表达式模式应用于消息或模块名称以抑制警告。 例如，你可能有一个使用 :mod:`!regex` " +"模块的程序但现在不想花时间将其转换为使用 :mod:`re` 模块。 可以通过以下调用来抑制警告消息 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:269 +msgid "" +"import warnings\n" +"warnings.filterwarnings(action = 'ignore',\n" +" message='.*regex module is deprecated',\n" +" category=DeprecationWarning,\n" +" module = '__main__')" +msgstr "" +"import warnings\n" +"warnings.filterwarnings(action = 'ignore',\n" +" message='.*regex module is deprecated',\n" +" category=DeprecationWarning,\n" +" module = '__main__')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:275 +msgid "" +"This adds a filter that will apply only to warnings of the class " +":class:`DeprecationWarning` triggered in the :mod:`__main__` module, and " +"applies a regular expression to only match the message about the " +":mod:`!regex` module being deprecated, and will cause such warnings to be " +"ignored. Warnings can also be printed only once, printed every time the " +"offending code is executed, or turned into exceptions that will cause the " +"program to stop (unless the exceptions are caught in the usual way, of " +"course)." +msgstr "" +"这添加了一个过滤器，该过滤器仅适用于在 :mod:`__main__` 模块中触发的 :class:`DeprecationWarning` " +"类警告，并应用一个正则表达式来仅匹配有关 :mod:`!regex` " +"模块已被弃用的消息，这将导致忽略此类警告。警告还可以仅打印一次，每次执行违规代码时打印，或者转换为异常，从而导致程序停止（当然，除非以常规方式捕获这些异常）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Functions were also added to Python's C API for issuing warnings; refer to " +"PEP 230 or to Python's API documentation for the details." +msgstr "Python 的 C API 也增加了用于发出警告的函数；详情请参阅 PEP 230 或 Python 的 API 文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:289 +msgid ":pep:`5` - Guidelines for Language Evolution" +msgstr ":pep:`5` - 语言演化的准则" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Written by Paul Prescod, to specify procedures to be followed when removing " +"old features from Python. The policy described in this PEP hasn't been " +"officially adopted, but the eventual policy probably won't be too different " +"from Prescod's proposal." +msgstr "" +"该文档由 Paul Prescod 撰写，旨在规定移除 Python 旧功能时应遵循的程序。 尽管本文描述的政策尚未被正式采纳，但最终的政策可能不会与 " +"Prescod 的提议有太大不同。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:295 +msgid ":pep:`230` - Warning Framework" +msgstr ":pep:`230` - 警告框架" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:296 +msgid "Written and implemented by Guido van Rossum." +msgstr "由 Guido van Rossum 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:302 +msgid "PEP 229: New Build System" +msgstr "PEP 229: 新的构建系统" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:304 +msgid "" +"When compiling Python, the user had to go in and edit the " +":file:`Modules/Setup` file in order to enable various additional modules; " +"the default set is relatively small and limited to modules that compile on " +"most Unix platforms. This means that on Unix platforms with many more " +"features, most notably Linux, Python installations often don't contain all " +"useful modules they could." +msgstr "" +"在编译 Python 时，用户必须进入并编辑 :file:`Modules/Setup` 文件以启用各种附加模块；默认集相对较小，并且仅限于在大多数 " +"Unix 平台上编译的模块。这意味着在具有更多功能的 Unix 平台上，特别是 Linux，Python 安装通常不包含所有可能有用的模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Python 2.0 added the Distutils, a set of modules for distributing and " +"installing extensions. In Python 2.1, the Distutils are used to compile " +"much of the standard library of extension modules, autodetecting which ones " +"are supported on the current machine. It's hoped that this will make Python" +" installations easier and more featureful." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.0 添加了 Distutils，一组用于分发和安装扩展模块的模块。在 Python 2.1 中，Distutils " +"被用于编译大部分标准库扩展模块，自动检测当前机器上支持哪些模块。希望这将使 Python 的安装更加容易并具有更多功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:316 +msgid "" +"Instead of having to edit the :file:`Modules/Setup` file in order to enable " +"modules, a :file:`setup.py` script in the top directory of the Python source" +" distribution is run at build time, and attempts to discover which modules " +"can be enabled by examining the modules and header files on the system. If " +"a module is configured in :file:`Modules/Setup`, the :file:`setup.py` script" +" won't attempt to compile that module and will defer to the " +":file:`Modules/Setup` file's contents. This provides a way to specific any " +"strange command-line flags or libraries that are required for a specific " +"platform." +msgstr "" +"不再需要编辑 :file:`Modules/Setup` 文件来启用模块，而是在 Python 源代码分发包的顶层目录运行一个 " +":file:`setup.py` 脚本，该脚本在构建时尝试通过检查系统上的模块和头文件来发现可以启用那些模块。 如果某个模块已在 " +":file:`Modules/Setup` 中配置，则 :file:`setup.py` 脚本不会尝试编译该模块，并会遵从 " +":file:`Modules/Setup` 文件中的内容。 这提供了一种方式来指定特定平台所需的任何奇怪的命令行旗标或库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:325 +msgid "" +"In another far-reaching change to the build mechanism, Neil Schemenauer " +"restructured things so Python now uses a single makefile that isn't " +"recursive, instead of makefiles in the top directory and in each of the " +":file:`Python/`, :file:`Parser/`, :file:`Objects/`, and :file:`Modules/` " +"subdirectories. This makes building Python faster and also makes hacking " +"the Makefiles clearer and simpler." +msgstr "" +"在对构建机制的另一项重大更改中，Neil Schemenauer 对其进行了重组，现在 Python 使用单一的非递归 " +"makefile，而不是在顶层目录和 :file:`Python/`、:file:`Parser/`、:file:`Objects/`和 " +":file:`Modules/` 子目录中的多个 makefile。这使得构建 Python 更快，同时也使修改 Makefile 更加清晰和简单。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:335 +msgid ":pep:`229` - Using Distutils to Build Python" +msgstr ":pep:`229` - 使用 Distutils 来构建 Python" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:336 ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:575 +msgid "Written and implemented by A.M. Kuchling." +msgstr "由 A.M. Kuchling 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:342 +msgid "PEP 205: Weak References" +msgstr "PEP 205: 弱引用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Weak references, available through the :mod:`weakref` module, are a minor " +"but useful new data type in the Python programmer's toolbox." +msgstr "弱引用，通过 :mod:`weakref` 模块提供，是 Python 程序员工具箱中一种较小但有用的新数据类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:347 +msgid "" +"Storing a reference to an object (say, in a dictionary or a list) has the " +"side effect of keeping that object alive forever. There are a few specific " +"cases where this behaviour is undesirable, object caches being the most " +"common one, and another being circular references in data structures such as" +" trees." +msgstr "" +"存储一个指向对象的引用（例如，在字典或列表中）会导致该对象永久存活。 " +"在某些特定情况下，这种行为是不符合需要的，最常见的是对象缓存，另一个是像树这样的数据结构中的循环引用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:352 +msgid "" +"For example, consider a memoizing function that caches the results of " +"another function ``f(x)`` by storing the function's argument and its result " +"in a dictionary::" +msgstr "例如，考虑一个记忆化函数，它通过将函数的参数及其结果存储在字典中来缓存另一个函数 ``f(x)`` 的结果::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:356 +msgid "" +"_cache = {}\n" +"def memoize(x):\n" +" if _cache.has_key(x):\n" +" return _cache[x]\n" +"\n" +" retval = f(x)\n" +"\n" +" # Cache the returned object\n" +" _cache[x] = retval\n" +"\n" +" return retval" +msgstr "" +"_cache = {}\n" +"def memoize(x):\n" +" if _cache.has_key(x):\n" +" return _cache[x]\n" +"\n" +" retval = f(x)\n" +"\n" +" # 缓存返回的对象\n" +" _cache[x] = retval\n" +"\n" +" return retval" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:368 +msgid "" +"This version works for simple things such as integers, but it has a side " +"effect; the ``_cache`` dictionary holds a reference to the return values, so" +" they'll never be deallocated until the Python process exits and cleans up. " +"This isn't very noticeable for integers, but if :func:`!f` returns an " +"object, or a data structure that takes up a lot of memory, this can be a " +"problem." +msgstr "" +"这个版本适用于诸如整数之类的简单对象，但它有一个副作用；``_cache`` 字典持有返回值的引用，因此这些值在 Python " +"进程退出并清理之前永远不会被释放。 对于整数来说这不是很明显，但如果 :func:`!f` 返回一个对象或占用大量内存的数据结构，这可能会成为一个问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:374 +msgid "" +"Weak references provide a way to implement a cache that won't keep objects " +"alive beyond their time. If an object is only accessible through weak " +"references, the object will be deallocated and the weak references will now " +"indicate that the object it referred to no longer exists. A weak reference " +"to an object *obj* is created by calling ``wr = weakref.ref(obj)``. The " +"object being referred to is returned by calling the weak reference as if it " +"were a function: ``wr()``. It will return the referenced object, or " +"``None`` if the object no longer exists." +msgstr "" +"弱引用提供了一种实现缓存的方法，不会让对象在其生命周期结束后仍然存活。 " +"如果一个对象仅通过弱引用访问，该对象将被释放，并且弱引用将指示它所引用的对象不再存在。 通过调用 ``wr = weakref.ref(obj)`` " +"来创建对对象 *obj* 的弱引用。 通过调用弱引用，就像调用函数一样，可以返回被引用的对象: ``wr()``。 " +"如果对象仍然存在，它将返回被引用的对象；如果对象不再存在，则返回 ``None``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:382 +msgid "" +"This makes it possible to write a :func:`!memoize` function whose cache " +"doesn't keep objects alive, by storing weak references in the cache. ::" +msgstr "这使得可以编写一个 :func:`!memoize` 函数，其缓存不会使对象保持存活状态，因为缓存中存储的是弱引用。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:385 +msgid "" +"_cache = {}\n" +"def memoize(x):\n" +" if _cache.has_key(x):\n" +" obj = _cache[x]()\n" +" # If weak reference object still exists,\n" +" # return it\n" +" if obj is not None: return obj\n" +"\n" +" retval = f(x)\n" +"\n" +" # Cache a weak reference\n" +" _cache[x] = weakref.ref(retval)\n" +"\n" +" return retval" +msgstr "" +"_cache = {}\n" +"def memoize(x):\n" +" if _cache.has_key(x):\n" +" obj = _cache[x]()\n" +" # 如果弱引用对象仍然存在，\n" +" # 则返回它\n" +" if obj is not None: return obj\n" +"\n" +" retval = f(x)\n" +"\n" +" # 缓存一个弱引用\n" +" _cache[x] = weakref.ref(retval)\n" +"\n" +" return retval" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:400 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`weakref` module also allows creating proxy objects which behave " +"like weak references --- an object referenced only by proxy objects is " +"deallocated -- but instead of requiring an explicit call to retrieve the " +"object, the proxy transparently forwards all operations to the object as " +"long as the object still exists. If the object is deallocated, attempting " +"to use a proxy will cause a :exc:`!weakref.ReferenceError` exception to be " +"raised. ::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`weakref` 模块还允许创建代理对象，代理对象的行为类似于弱引用 -- " +"仅被代理对象引用的对象会被解分配，但只要对象仍然存在，代理就会透明地将所有操作转发给对象，而不需要显式调用来检索对象。 " +"如果对象已被解分配，尝试使用代理将引发 :exc:`!weakref.ReferenceError` 异常。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:407 +msgid "" +"proxy = weakref.proxy(obj)\n" +"proxy.attr # Equivalent to obj.attr\n" +"proxy.meth() # Equivalent to obj.meth()\n" +"del obj\n" +"proxy.attr # raises weakref.ReferenceError" +msgstr "" +"proxy = weakref.proxy(obj)\n" +"proxy.attr # 等同于 obj.attr\n" +"proxy.meth() # 等同于 obj.meth()\n" +"del obj\n" +"proxy.attr # 引发 weakref.ReferenceError" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:416 +msgid ":pep:`205` - Weak References" +msgstr ":pep:`205` - 弱引用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:417 +msgid "Written and implemented by Fred L. Drake, Jr." +msgstr "由 Fred L. Drake, Jr 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:423 +msgid "PEP 232: Function Attributes" +msgstr "PEP 232: 函数属性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:425 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.1, functions can now have arbitrary information attached to " +"them. People were often using docstrings to hold information about functions" +" and methods, because the :attr:`~function.__doc__` attribute was the only " +"way of attaching any information to a function. For example, in the Zope " +"web application server, functions are marked as safe for public access by " +"having a docstring, and in John Aycock's SPARK parsing framework, docstrings" +" hold parts of the BNF grammar to be parsed. This overloading is " +"unfortunate, since docstrings are really intended to hold a function's " +"documentation; for example, it means you can't properly document functions " +"intended for private use in Zope." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.1 中，函数现在可以附加任意信息。人们经常使用文档字符串来保存有关函数和方法的信息，因为 " +":attr:`~function.__doc__` 属性是唯一可以将任何信息附加到函数上的方式。例如，在 Zope " +"网络应用服务器中，函数通过拥有文档字符串来标记为公共访问安全，在 John Aycock 的 SPARK 解析框架中，文档字符串包含要解析的 BNF " +"语法的部分。这种过载是不幸的，因为文档字符串实际上是用来保存函数文档的；例如，这意味着你不能正确地为 Zope 中预期用于私有用途的函数编写文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:436 +msgid "" +"Arbitrary attributes can now be set and retrieved on functions using the " +"regular Python syntax::" +msgstr "现在可以使用常规的 Python 语法在函数上设置和检索任意属性::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:439 +msgid "" +"def f(): pass\n" +"\n" +"f.publish = 1\n" +"f.secure = 1\n" +"f.grammar = \"A ::= B (C D)*\"" +msgstr "" +"def f(): pass\n" +"\n" +"f.publish = 1\n" +"f.secure = 1\n" +"f.grammar = \"A ::= B (C D)*\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:445 +msgid "" +"The dictionary containing attributes can be accessed as the function's " +":attr:`~function.__dict__`. Unlike the :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute of " +"class instances, in functions you can actually assign a new dictionary to " +":attr:`~function.__dict__`, though the new value is restricted to a regular " +"Python dictionary; you *can't* be tricky and set it to a :class:`!UserDict` " +"instance, or any other random object that behaves like a mapping." +msgstr "" +"包含属性的字典可以作为函数的 :attr:`~function.__dict__` 来访问。 与类实例的 :attr:`~type.__dict__` " +"属性不同，在函数中你实际上可以为 :attr:`~function.__dict__` 分配一个新的字典，尽管新值仅限于常规的 Python 字典；你 " +"*不能* 狡猾地将其设为 :class:`!UserDict` 实例，或任何其他行为类似映射的随机对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:455 +msgid ":pep:`232` - Function Attributes" +msgstr ":pep:`232` - 函数属性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:456 +msgid "Written and implemented by Barry Warsaw." +msgstr "由 Barry Warsaw 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:462 +msgid "PEP 235: Importing Modules on Case-Insensitive Platforms" +msgstr "PEP 235: 在大小写不敏感的平台上导入模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:464 +msgid "" +"Some operating systems have filesystems that are case-insensitive, MacOS and" +" Windows being the primary examples; on these systems, it's impossible to " +"distinguish the filenames ``FILE.PY`` and ``file.py``, even though they do " +"store the file's name in its original case (they're case-preserving, too)." +msgstr "" +"一些操作系统的文件系统是大小写不敏感的，MacOS 和 Windows 是主要的例子；在这些系统上，无法区分文件名 ``FILE.PY`` 和 " +"``file.py``，尽管它们确实以原始大小写存储文件名（它们也是保留大小写的）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:469 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.1, the :keyword:`import` statement will work to simulate case-" +"sensitivity on case-insensitive platforms. Python will now search for the " +"first case-sensitive match by default, raising an :exc:`ImportError` if no " +"such file is found, so ``import file`` will not import a module named " +"``FILE.PY``. Case-insensitive matching can be requested by setting the " +":envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` environment variable before starting the Python " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.1 中，:keyword:`import` 语句可以在不区分大小写的平台上模拟大小写敏感性。 现在，Python " +"默认搜索第一个大小写敏感匹配的文件，如果找不到这样的文件，就会引发 :exc:`ImportError`，因此 ``import file`` " +"不会导入名为 ``FILE.PY`` 的模块。 在启动 Python 解释器之前，可以通过设置 :envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` " +"环境变量来请求大小写不敏感匹配。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:480 +msgid "PEP 217: Interactive Display Hook" +msgstr "PEP 217: 交互模式显示钩子" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:482 +msgid "" +"When using the Python interpreter interactively, the output of commands is " +"displayed using the built-in :func:`repr` function. In Python 2.1, the " +"variable :func:`sys.displayhook` can be set to a callable object which will " +"be called instead of :func:`repr`. For example, you can set it to a special " +"pretty-printing function::" +msgstr "" +"在交互模式下使用 Python 解释器时，命令的输出是通过内置的 :func:`repr` 函数显示的。 在 Python 2.1 中，可以将变量 " +":func:`sys.displayhook` 设置为一个可调用对象，该对象将在代替 :func:`repr` 函数被调用。 " +"例如，你可以将其设置为一个特殊的美化打印函数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:488 +msgid "" +">>> # Create a recursive data structure\n" +"... L = [1,2,3]\n" +">>> L.append(L)\n" +">>> L # Show Python's default output\n" +"[1, 2, 3, [...]]\n" +">>> # Use pprint.pprint() as the display function\n" +"... import sys, pprint\n" +">>> sys.displayhook = pprint.pprint\n" +">>> L\n" +"[1, 2, 3, ]\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> # 创建一个递归的数据结构\n" +"... L = [1,2,3]\n" +">>> L.append(L)\n" +">>> L # 显示 Python 的默认输出\n" +"[1, 2, 3, [...]]\n" +">>> # 使用 pprint.pprint() 作为显示函数\n" +"... import sys, pprint\n" +">>> sys.displayhook = pprint.pprint\n" +">>> L\n" +"[1, 2, 3, ]\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:503 +msgid ":pep:`217` - Display Hook for Interactive Use" +msgstr ":pep:`217` - 用于交互模式的显示钩子" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:504 +msgid "Written and implemented by Moshe Zadka." +msgstr "由 Moshe Zadka 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:510 +msgid "PEP 208: New Coercion Model" +msgstr "PEP 208: 新的强制转换模型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:512 +msgid "" +"How numeric coercion is done at the C level was significantly modified. " +"This will only affect the authors of C extensions to Python, allowing them " +"more flexibility in writing extension types that support numeric operations." +msgstr "" +"在 C 级别上的数值类型转换方法进行了重大修改。 这只会影响编写 Python C 扩展的作者，使他们在编写支持数值运算的扩展类型时有更多的灵活性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Extension types can now set the type flag ``Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES`` in their" +" ``PyTypeObject`` structure to indicate that they support the new coercion " +"model. In such extension types, the numeric slot functions can no longer " +"assume that they'll be passed two arguments of the same type; instead they " +"may be passed two arguments of differing types, and can then perform their " +"own internal coercion. If the slot function is passed a type it can't " +"handle, it can indicate the failure by returning a reference to the " +"``Py_NotImplemented`` singleton value. The numeric functions of the other " +"type will then be tried, and perhaps they can handle the operation; if the " +"other type also returns ``Py_NotImplemented``, then a :exc:`TypeError` will " +"be raised. Numeric methods written in Python can also return " +"``Py_NotImplemented``, causing the interpreter to act as if the method did " +"not exist (perhaps raising a :exc:`TypeError`, perhaps trying another " +"object's numeric methods)." +msgstr "" +"扩展类型现在可以在其 ``PyTypeObject`` 结构中设置类型标志 " +"``Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES``，以表明它们支持新的强制模型。 " +"在此类扩展类型中，数字槽函数不再假定它们将得到两个相同类型的参数；相反，它们可能会得到两个不同类型的参数，然后可以执行自己的内部强制。如果槽函数传递给它一个无法处理的类型，它可以通过返回一个指向" +" ``Py_NotImplemented`` 单一值的引用来表示失败。 然后将尝试其他类型的数值函数，也许它们可以处理该操作；如果其他类型也返回 " +"``Py_NotImplemented``，那么将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 用 Python 写的数值方法也可以返回 " +"``Py_NotImplemented``，导致解释器当作该方法不存在（也许会引发 :exc:`TypeError`，也许会尝试另一个对象的数值方法）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:533 +msgid ":pep:`208` - Reworking the Coercion Model" +msgstr ":pep:`208` - 改写强制转换模型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Written and implemented by Neil Schemenauer, heavily based upon earlier work" +" by Marc-André Lemburg. Read this to understand the fine points of how " +"numeric operations will now be processed at the C level." +msgstr "" +"由 Neil Schemenauer 编写和实现，基于 Marc-André Lemburg 的早期工作。阅读这部分内容可以了解数值运算在 C " +"级别上现在如何处理的细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:542 +msgid "PEP 241: Metadata in Python Packages" +msgstr "PEP 241: Python 包中的元数据" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:544 +msgid "" +"A common complaint from Python users is that there's no single catalog of " +"all the Python modules in existence. T. Middleton's Vaults of Parnassus at " +"``www.vex.net/parnassus/`` (retired in February 2009, `available in the " +"Internet Archive Wayback Machine " +"`_)" +" was the largest catalog of Python modules, but registering software at the " +"Vaults is optional, and many people did not bother." +msgstr "" +"Python 用户经常抱怨的一个问题是不存在包含所有 Python 模块的单一类目。 位于 ``www.vex.net/parnassus/`` 上 " +"T. Middleton 的 Vaults of Parnassus (2009 年 2 月已停用，`可在 Internet Archive " +"Wayback Machine " +"`_" +" 上查阅) 是最大的 Python 模块类目，但在 Vaults 上注册软件只是个可选项，很多人都懒得这样做。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:552 +msgid "" +"As a first small step toward fixing the problem, Python software packaged " +"using the Distutils :command:`sdist` command will include a file named " +":file:`PKG-INFO` containing information about the package such as its name, " +"version, and author (metadata, in cataloguing terminology). :pep:`241` " +"contains the full list of fields that can be present in the :file:`PKG-INFO`" +" file. As people began to package their software using Python 2.1, more and" +" more packages will include metadata, making it possible to build automated " +"cataloguing systems and experiment with them. With the result experience, " +"perhaps it'll be possible to design a really good catalog and then build " +"support for it into Python 2.2. For example, the Distutils :command:`sdist` " +"and :command:`bdist_\\*` commands could support an ``upload`` option that " +"would automatically upload your package to a catalog server." +msgstr "" +"作为解决这个问题的第一步，使用 Distutils :command:`sdist` 命令打包的 Python 软件将包含一个名为 " +":file:`PKG-INFO` 的文件，其中包含有关包的信息，如名称、版本和作者（在目录编制术语中称为元数据）。:file:`PKG-INFO` " +"文件可以包含的字段的完整列表见 :pep:`241`。随着人们开始使用 Python 2.1 " +"打包他们的软件，越来越多的包将包含元数据，从而使得构建自动化目录系统并进行实验成为可能。通过积累经验，也许有可能设计一个真正好的目录系统，然后在 " +"Python 2.2 中支持它。例如，Distutils 的 :command:`sdist` 和 :command:`bdist_\\*` " +"命令可以支持一个 ``upload`` 选项，自动将你的包上传到目录服务器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:565 +msgid "" +"You can start creating packages containing :file:`PKG-INFO` even if you're " +"not using Python 2.1, since a new release of the Distutils will be made for " +"users of earlier Python versions. Version 1.0.2 of the Distutils includes " +"the changes described in :pep:`241`, as well as various bugfixes and " +"enhancements. It will be available from the Distutils SIG at " +"https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/distutils-sig/." +msgstr "" +"即使你不使用 Python 2.1，你也可以开始创建包含 :file:`PKG-INFO` 的包，因为 Distutils 的新版本将为早期 " +"Python 版本的用户发布。Distutils 1.0.2 版本包含了 :pep:`241` 所描述的更改，以及各种错误修复和增强功能。可以从 " +"Distutils SIG 上获取该版本 " +"https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/distutils-sig/ 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:574 +msgid ":pep:`241` - Metadata for Python Software Packages" +msgstr ":pep:`241` - 针对 Python 软件包的元数据" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:577 +msgid ":pep:`243` - Module Repository Upload Mechanism" +msgstr ":pep:`243` - 模块仓库上传机制" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:578 +msgid "" +"Written by Sean Reifschneider, this draft PEP describes a proposed mechanism" +" for uploading Python packages to a central server." +msgstr "由 Sean Reifschneider 撰写，这个 PEP 草案描述了用于将 Python 软件包上传到一个中心服务器的建议机制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:585 +msgid "New and Improved Modules" +msgstr "新增和改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Ka-Ping Yee contributed two new modules: :mod:`!inspect.py`, a module for " +"getting information about live Python code, and :mod:`!pydoc.py`, a module " +"for interactively converting docstrings to HTML or text. As a bonus, " +":file:`Tools/scripts/pydoc`, which is now automatically installed, uses " +":mod:`!pydoc.py` to display documentation given a Python module, package, or" +" class name. For example, ``pydoc xml.dom`` displays the following::" +msgstr "" +"Ka-Ping Yee 贡献了两个新模块: :mod:`!inspect.py`，用于获取有关正在运行的 Python 代码的信息，以及 " +":mod:`!pydoc.py`，用于交互式地将文档字符串转换为 HTML 或文本。 " +"此外，作为一个额外的功能，:file:`Tools/scripts/pydoc` 现在会自动安装，并使用 :mod:`!pydoc.py` 来显示给定 " +"Python 模块、包或类名的文档。例如，``pydoc xml.dom`` 会显示如下内容::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:594 +msgid "" +"Python Library Documentation: package xml.dom in xml\n" +"\n" +"NAME\n" +" xml.dom - W3C Document Object Model implementation for Python.\n" +"\n" +"FILE\n" +" /usr/local/lib/python2.1/xml/dom/__init__.pyc\n" +"\n" +"DESCRIPTION\n" +" The Python mapping of the Document Object Model is documented in the\n" +" Python Library Reference in the section on the xml.dom package.\n" +"\n" +" This package contains the following modules:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"Python Library Documentation: package xml.dom in xml\n" +"\n" +"NAME\n" +" xml.dom - W3C Document Object Model implementation for Python.\n" +"\n" +"FILE\n" +" /usr/local/lib/python2.1/xml/dom/__init__.pyc\n" +"\n" +"DESCRIPTION\n" +" The Python mapping of the Document Object Model is documented in the\n" +" Python Library Reference in the section on the xml.dom package.\n" +"\n" +" This package contains the following modules:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:609 +msgid "" +":file:`pydoc` also includes a Tk-based interactive help browser. " +":file:`pydoc` quickly becomes addictive; try it out!" +msgstr ":file:`pydoc` 还包括一个基于 Tk 的交互式帮助浏览器。:file:`pydoc` 很快会让人上瘾；试试看！" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:612 +msgid "" +"Two different modules for unit testing were added to the standard library. " +"The :mod:`doctest` module, contributed by Tim Peters, provides a testing " +"framework based on running embedded examples in docstrings and comparing the" +" results against the expected output. PyUnit, contributed by Steve Purcell," +" is a unit testing framework inspired by JUnit, which was in turn an " +"adaptation of Kent Beck's Smalltalk testing framework. See " +"https://pyunit.sourceforge.net/ for more information about PyUnit." +msgstr "" +"两个不同的单元测试模块被添加到标准库中。:mod:`doctest` 模块，由 Tim Peters " +"贡献，提供了一个基于运行嵌入在文档字符串中的示例并将结果与预期输出进行比较的测试框架。PyUnit，由 Steve Purcell 贡献，是一个受到 " +"JUnit 启发的单元测试框架，而 JUnit 则是对 Kent Beck 的 Smalltalk 测试框架的改编。更多关于 PyUnit " +"的信息，请参阅 https://pyunit.sourceforge.net/ 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:620 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`difflib` module contains a class, " +":class:`~difflib.SequenceMatcher`, which compares two sequences and computes" +" the changes required to transform one sequence into the other. For " +"example, this module can be used to write a tool similar to the Unix " +":program:`diff` program, and in fact the sample program " +":file:`Tools/scripts/ndiff.py` demonstrates how to write such a script." +msgstr "" +":mod:`difflib` 模块包含一个类，即 " +":class:`~difflib.SequenceMatcher`，用于比较两个序列，并计算将一个序列转换为另一个序列所需的变化。 " +"例如，该模块可用于编写与 Unix :program:`diff` 程序类似的工具，事实上，示例程序 " +":file:`Tools/scripts/ndiff.py` 演示了如何编写这样的脚本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:626 +msgid "" +":mod:`curses.panel`, a wrapper for the panel library, part of ncurses and of" +" SYSV curses, was contributed by Thomas Gellekum. The panel library " +"provides windows with the additional feature of depth. Windows can be moved " +"higher or lower in the depth ordering, and the panel library figures out " +"where panels overlap and which sections are visible." +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses.panel`，是 ncurses 和 SYSV curses 一部分的 panel 库的包装器，由 Thomas " +"Gellekum 贡献。panel 库为窗口提供了深度特性。窗口可以在深度顺序中向上或向下移动，panel 库会计算出面板的重叠位置和哪些部分是可见的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:632 +msgid "" +"The PyXML package has gone through a few releases since Python 2.0, and " +"Python 2.1 includes an updated version of the :mod:`xml` package. Some of " +"the noteworthy changes include support for Expat 1.2 and later versions, the" +" ability for Expat parsers to handle files in any encoding supported by " +"Python, and various bugfixes for SAX, DOM, and the :mod:`!minidom` module." +msgstr "" +"PyXML 包自 Python 2.0 以来经历了几次发布，Python 2.1 包含了更新版本的 :mod:`xml` 包。一些值得注意的更改包括支持" +" Expat 1.2 及更高版本，Expat 解析器能够处理 Python 支持的任何编码的文件，以及对 SAX、DOM 和 " +":mod:`!minidom` 模块的各种错误修复。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:638 +msgid "" +"Ping also contributed another hook for handling uncaught exceptions. " +":func:`sys.excepthook` can be set to a callable object. When an exception " +"isn't caught by any :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except` blocks, the " +"exception will be passed to :func:`sys.excepthook`, which can then do " +"whatever it likes. At the Ninth Python Conference, Ping demonstrated an " +"application for this hook: printing an extended traceback that not only " +"lists the stack frames, but also lists the function arguments and the local " +"variables for each frame." +msgstr "" +"Ka-Ping Yee 还贡献了另一个用于处理未捕获异常的钩子。:func:`sys.excepthook` 可以设置为一个可调用对象。当异常未被任何 " +":keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except` 块捕获时，异常将传递给 " +":func:`sys.excepthook`，它可以执行任何需要的操作。在第九届 Python " +"会议上，他演示了这个钩子的一个应用：打印扩展的回溯信息，不仅列出堆栈帧，还列出每个帧的函数参数和局部变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:646 +msgid "" +"Various functions in the :mod:`time` module, such as :func:`~time.asctime` " +"and :func:`~time.localtime`, require a floating-point argument containing " +"the time in seconds since the epoch. The most common use of these functions" +" is to work with the current time, so the floating-point argument has been " +"made optional; when a value isn't provided, the current time will be used. " +"For example, log file entries usually need a string containing the current " +"time; in Python 2.1, ``time.asctime()`` can be used, instead of the " +"lengthier ``time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))`` that was previously " +"required." +msgstr "" +":mod:`time` 模块中的各种函数，如 :func:`~time.asctime` 和 " +":func:`~time.localtime`，需要一个包含自纪元以来的时间以秒为单位的浮点参数。这些函数最常见的用途是处理当前时间，因此浮点参数现在是可选的；当没有提供值时，将使用当前时间。例如，日志文件条目通常需要一个包含当前时间的字符串；在" +" Python 2.1 中，可以使用 ``time.asctime()``，而不是之前需要的较长的 " +"``time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:655 +msgid "This change was proposed and implemented by Thomas Wouters." +msgstr "此更改由 Thomas Wouters 提出并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:657 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ftplib` module now defaults to retrieving files in passive mode, " +"because passive mode is more likely to work from behind a firewall. This " +"request came from the Debian bug tracking system, since other Debian " +"packages use :mod:`ftplib` to retrieve files and then don't work from behind" +" a firewall. It's deemed unlikely that this will cause problems for anyone, " +"because Netscape defaults to passive mode and few people complain, but if " +"passive mode is unsuitable for your application or network setup, call " +"``set_pasv(0)`` on FTP objects to disable passive mode." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ftplib` 模块现在默认以被动模式检索文件，因为被动模式在防火墙后面更可能正常工作。这一请求来自 Debian 错误跟踪系统，因为其他 " +"Debian 包使用 :mod:`ftplib` 来检索文件，但在防火墙后面无法正常工作。由于 Netscape " +"默认使用被动模式且几乎没有人抱怨，因此认为这不太可能会对任何人造成问题。但如果被动模式不适合你的应用程序或网络设置，可以调用 FTP 对象的 " +"``set_pasv(0)`` 来禁用被动模式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:666 +msgid "" +"Support for raw socket access has been added to the :mod:`socket` module, " +"contributed by Grant Edwards." +msgstr "对原始套接字访问的支持已添加到 :mod:`socket` 模块中，由 Grant Edwards 贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:669 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pstats` module now contains a simple interactive statistics " +"browser for displaying timing profiles for Python programs, invoked when the" +" module is run as a script. Contributed by Eric S. Raymond." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pstats` 模块现在包含一个简单的交互式统计浏览器，用于显示 Python 程序的时间分析结果，当该模块作为脚本运行时调用。此功能由 " +"Eric S. Raymond 贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:673 +msgid "" +"A new implementation-dependent function, ``sys._getframe([depth])``, has " +"been added to return a given frame object from the current call stack. " +":func:`sys._getframe` returns the frame at the top of the call stack; if " +"the optional integer argument *depth* is supplied, the function returns the " +"frame that is *depth* calls below the top of the stack. For example, " +"``sys._getframe(1)`` returns the caller's frame object." +msgstr "" +"新增了一个依赖于实现的函数 " +"``sys._getframe([depth])``，用于从当前调用堆栈中返回给定的帧对象。:func:`sys._getframe`返回调用堆栈顶部的帧对象；如果提供了可选的整数参数" +" depth，则该函数返回堆栈顶部以下 depth 层的帧。例如，``sys._getframe(1)`` 返回调用者的帧对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:680 +msgid "" +"This function is only present in CPython, not in Jython or the .NET " +"implementation. Use it for debugging, and resist the temptation to put it " +"into production code." +msgstr "这个函数仅存在于 CPython 中，不存在于 Jython 或 .NET 实现中。请将其用于调试，并避免将其放入生产代码中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:688 +msgid "Other Changes and Fixes" +msgstr "其他的改变和修正" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:690 +msgid "" +"There were relatively few smaller changes made in Python 2.1 due to the " +"shorter release cycle. A search through the CVS change logs turns up 117 " +"patches applied, and 136 bugs fixed; both figures are likely to be " +"underestimates. Some of the more notable changes are:" +msgstr "" +"由于较短的发布周期，Python 2.1 中的较小更改相对较少。通过搜索 CVS 更改日志，发现应用了 117 个补丁并修复了 136 " +"个错误；这两个数字都可能是低估的。一些较为显著的更改包括：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:695 +msgid "" +"A specialized object allocator is now optionally available, that should be " +"faster than the system :c:func:`malloc` and have less memory overhead. The " +"allocator uses C's :c:func:`!malloc` function to get large pools of memory, " +"and then fulfills smaller memory requests from these pools. It can be " +"enabled by providing the :option:`!--with-pymalloc` option to the " +":program:`configure` script; see :file:`Objects/obmalloc.c` for the " +"implementation details." +msgstr "" +"现在可以选择使用一个专门的对象分配器，该分配器应比系统的 :c:func:`malloc` 更快且具有更少的内存开销。该分配器使用 C 语言的 " +":c:func:`!malloc` 函数来获取大型内存池，然后从这些池中满足较小的内存请求。可以通过向 :program:`configure` " +"脚本提供 :option:`!--with-pymalloc` 选项来启用该分配器；有关实现细节，请参阅 " +":file:`Objects/obmalloc.c`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:702 +msgid "" +"Authors of C extension modules should test their code with the object " +"allocator enabled, because some incorrect code may break, causing core dumps" +" at runtime. There are a bunch of memory allocation functions in Python's C " +"API that have previously been just aliases for the C library's " +":c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free`, meaning that if you accidentally called" +" mismatched functions, the error wouldn't be noticeable. When the object " +"allocator is enabled, these functions aren't aliases of :c:func:`!malloc` " +"and :c:func:`!free` any more, and calling the wrong function to free memory " +"will get you a core dump. For example, if memory was allocated using " +":c:macro:`PyMem_New`, it has to be freed using :c:func:`PyMem_Del`, not " +":c:func:`!free`. A few modules included with Python fell afoul of this and " +"had to be fixed; doubtless there are more third-party modules that will have" +" the same problem." +msgstr "" +"C 扩展模块的作者应该在启用对象分配器的情况下测试他们的代码，因为一些不正确的代码可能会被破坏，导致运行时的核心转储。 在 Python 的 C API" +" 中有许多内存分配函数，它们以前只是 C 库的 :c:func:`malloc` 和 :c:func:`free` " +"的别名，这意味着如果您不小心调用了不匹配的函数，错误是不会被注意到的。 启用对象分配器后，这些函数不再是 :c:func:`!malloc` 和 " +":c:func:`!free` 的别名，调用错误的函数释放内存将导致核心转储。 例如，如果使用 :c:macro:`PyMem_New` " +"分配了内存，就必须使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Del` 而不是 :c:func:`!free` 释放内存。 Python " +"附带的一些模块就有这样的问题，必须进行修复；毫无疑问，还有更多的第三方模块会有同样的问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:715 +msgid "The object allocator was contributed by Vladimir Marangozov." +msgstr "对象分配器由 Vladimir Marangozov 贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:717 +msgid "" +"The speed of line-oriented file I/O has been improved because people often " +"complain about its lack of speed, and because it's often been used as a " +"naïve benchmark. The :meth:`readline` method of file objects has therefore " +"been rewritten to be much faster. The exact amount of the speedup will vary" +" from platform to platform depending on how slow the C library's " +":c:func:`!getc` was, but is around 66%, and potentially much faster on some " +"particular operating systems. Tim Peters did much of the benchmarking and " +"coding for this change, motivated by a discussion in comp.lang.python." +msgstr "" +"由于人们经常抱怨面向行的文件 I/O 速度缓慢，并且它经常被用作一个简单的基准测试，其速度已经得到了改进。 因此，文件对象的 " +":meth:`readline` 方法被重写，以实现更快的速度。 具体的速度提升因平台而异，取决于 C 库的 :c:func:`!getc` " +"有多慢，但大约提升了66%，在某些特定的操作系统上可能更快。 Tim Peters 在 comp.lang.python " +"的讨论中受到了启发，进行了许多基准测试和编码修改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:726 +msgid "" +"A new module and method for file objects was also added, contributed by Jeff" +" Epler. The new method, :meth:`!xreadlines`, is similar to the existing " +":func:`!xrange` built-in. :func:`!xreadlines` returns an opaque sequence " +"object that only supports being iterated over, reading a line on every " +"iteration but not reading the entire file into memory as the existing " +":meth:`!readlines` method does. You'd use it like this::" +msgstr "" +"新增了一个模块和文件对象的方法，由 Jeff Epler 贡献。 新方法 :meth:`!xreadlines` 类似于现有的内置方法 " +":func:`!xrange`。 :func:`!xreadlines` 返回一个不透明的序列对象，该对象仅支持迭代，每次迭代读取一行，而不像现有的 " +":meth:`!readlines` 方法那样将整个文件读入内存。 你可以像这样使用它::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:733 +msgid "" +"for line in sys.stdin.xreadlines():\n" +" # ... do something for each line ...\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"for line in sys.stdin.xreadlines():\n" +" # ... 对每一行执行某些操作 ...\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:737 +msgid "" +"For a fuller discussion of the line I/O changes, see the python-dev summary " +"for January 1--15, 2001 at https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-" +"dev/2001-January/." +msgstr "" +"有关行 I/O 更改的更详细讨论，请参阅 2001 年 1 月 1 日至 15 日的 python-dev 摘要 " +"https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2001-January/ 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:740 +msgid "" +"A new method, :meth:`~dict.popitem`, was added to dictionaries to enable " +"destructively iterating through the contents of a dictionary; this can be " +"faster for large dictionaries because there's no need to construct a list " +"containing all the keys or values. ``D.popitem()`` removes a random ``(key, " +"value)`` pair from the dictionary ``D`` and returns it as a 2-tuple. This " +"was implemented mostly by Tim Peters and Guido van Rossum, after a " +"suggestion and preliminary patch by Moshe Zadka." +msgstr "" +"给字典添加了一个新方法 " +":meth:`~dict.popitem`，用于破坏性地迭代字典的内容；这对于大字典来说可能更快，因为不需要构建包含所有键或值的列表。 " +"``D.popitem()`` 从字典``D``中移除一个随机的``(key, value)``键值对，并将其作为一个 2 元组返回。 此功能主要由 " +"Tim Peters 和 Guido van Rossum 实现，基于 Moshe Zadka 的建议和初步补丁。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:748 +msgid "" +"Modules can now control which names are imported when ``from module import " +"*`` is used, by defining an ``__all__`` attribute containing a list of names" +" that will be imported. One common complaint is that if the module imports " +"other modules such as :mod:`sys` or :mod:`string`, ``from module import *`` " +"will add them to the importing module's namespace. To fix this, simply list" +" the public names in ``__all__``::" +msgstr "" +"模块现在可以通过定义一个 ``__all__`` 属性来控制使用 ``from module import *`` 时导入的名称。 " +"一个常见的抱怨是，如果模块导入了其他模块，例如 :mod:`sys` 或 :mod:`string`，使用 ``from module import " +"*`` 会将它们添加到导入模块的命名空间中。 为了解决这个问题，只需在 ``__all__`` 模块中列出公共名称即可::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:755 +msgid "" +"# List public names\n" +"__all__ = ['Database', 'open']" +msgstr "" +"# 列出公有名称\n" +"__all__ = ['Database', 'open']" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:758 +msgid "" +"A stricter version of this patch was first suggested and implemented by Ben " +"Wolfson, but after some python-dev discussion, a weaker final version was " +"checked in." +msgstr "" +"此补丁的更严格版本最初由 Ben Wolfson 提出并实现，但在经过一些 python-dev 讨论后，最终版本被修改为较弱的版本并提交。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:762 +msgid "" +"Applying :func:`repr` to strings previously used octal escapes for non-" +"printable characters; for example, a newline was ``'\\012'``. This was a " +"vestigial trace of Python's C ancestry, but today octal is of very little " +"practical use. Ka-Ping Yee suggested using hex escapes instead of octal " +"ones, and using the ``\\n``, ``\\t``, ``\\r`` escapes for the appropriate " +"characters, and implemented this new formatting." +msgstr "" +"以前对字符串应用 :func:`repr` 时，对于不可打印字符使用八进制转义符；例如，换行符表示为 ``'\\012'``。这是 Python 从 C" +" 语言继承而来的遗留特性，但如今八进制的实际用途非常有限。Ka-Ping Yee 建议使用十六进制转义符代替八进制，并使用 " +"``\\n``、``\\t``、``\\r`` 等转义符表示适当的字符，并实现了这种新的格式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:769 +msgid "" +"Syntax errors detected at compile-time can now raise exceptions containing " +"the filename and line number of the error, a pleasant side effect of the " +"compiler reorganization done by Jeremy Hylton." +msgstr "在编译时检测到的语法错误现在可以引发包含错误文件名和行号的异常，这是 Jeremy Hylton 进行的编译器重组的一个令人愉快的副作用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:773 +msgid "" +"C extensions which import other modules have been changed to use " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`, which means that they will use any import " +"hooks that have been installed. This is also encouraged for third-party " +"extensions that need to import some other module from C code." +msgstr "" +"导入其他模块的 C 扩展已更改为使用 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`，这意味着它们将使用已安装的任何导入钩子。这对于需要从 C " +"代码导入其他模块的第三方扩展也同样鼓励使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:778 +msgid "" +"The size of the Unicode character database was shrunk by another 340K thanks" +" to Fredrik Lundh." +msgstr "由于 Fredrik Lundh 的努力，Unicode 字符数据库的大小又减少了 340K。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:781 +msgid "" +"Some new ports were contributed: MacOS X (by Steven Majewski), Cygwin (by " +"Jason Tishler); RISCOS (by Dietmar Schwertberger); Unixware 7 (by Billy G. " +"Allie)." +msgstr "" +"一些新移植版本被贡献：MacOS X（由 Steven Majewski 贡献），Cygwin（由 Jason Tishler 贡献），RISCOS（由" +" Dietmar Schwertberger 贡献），以及 Unixware 7（由 Billy G. Allie 贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:785 +msgid "" +"And there's the usual list of minor bugfixes, minor memory leaks, docstring " +"edits, and other tweaks, too lengthy to be worth itemizing; see the CVS logs" +" for the full details if you want them." +msgstr "" +"此外还有一份由次要的程序错误修复、次要的内存泄漏、文档字符串编辑和其他调整组成的常规清单，因过于冗长而不值得逐项列出；如果你想了解完整细节请参阅 CVS" +" 日志。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:793 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.1.rst:795 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering suggestions" +" on various drafts of this article: Graeme Cross, David Goodger, Jay Graves," +" Michael Hudson, Marc-André Lemburg, Fredrik Lundh, Neil Schemenauer, Thomas" +" Wouters." +msgstr "" +"作者感谢以下人员对本文的各种草案提出建议： Graeme Cross, David Goodger, Jay Graves, Michael " +"Hudson, Marc-André Lemburg, Fredrik Lundh, Neil Schemenauer, Thomas Wouters." diff --git a/whatsnew/2.2.po b/whatsnew/2.2.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dded400b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.2.po @@ -0,0 +1,2432 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# 钟旭尧 , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: 钟旭尧 , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:3 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.2" +msgstr "Python 2.2 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:5 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:13 +msgid "Introduction" +msgstr "概述" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:15 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 2.2.2, released on October " +"14, 2002. Python 2.2.2 is a bugfix release of Python 2.2, originally " +"released on December 21, 2001." +msgstr "" +"本文本介绍了 Python 2.2.2 的新增特性，该版本发布于 2002 年 10 月 14日。 Python 2.2.2 是 Python 2.2 " +"的问题修正发布版，最初发布于 2001 年 12 月 21 日。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Python 2.2 can be thought of as the \"cleanup release\". There are some " +"features such as generators and iterators that are completely new, but most " +"of the changes, significant and far-reaching though they may be, are aimed " +"at cleaning up irregularities and dark corners of the language design." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.2 可以被看作是 \"清理发布版\"。 " +"有一些特性如生成器和迭代器等是全新的，但大多数变化，尽管可能是重大而深远的，都是为了清理语言设计中的不规范和阴暗角落。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:24 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of the new " +"features, but instead provides a convenient overview. For full details, you" +" should refer to the documentation for Python 2.2, such as the `Python " +"Library Reference `_ and the " +"`Python Reference Manual `_. If " +"you want to understand the complete implementation and design rationale for " +"a change, refer to the PEP for a particular new feature." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供对新特性的完整规范说明，而是提供一个便捷的概览。 要获取全部细节，你应该参阅 Python 2.2 的文档，比如 `Python 库参考" +" `_ 和 `Python 参考指南 " +"`_。 " +"如果你想要了解某项更改的完整实现和设计理念，请参阅特定新特性的 PEP。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:43 +msgid "PEPs 252 and 253: Type and Class Changes" +msgstr "PEP 252 和 253：类型和类的修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:45 +msgid "" +"The largest and most far-reaching changes in Python 2.2 are to Python's " +"model of objects and classes. The changes should be backward compatible, so" +" it's likely that your code will continue to run unchanged, but the changes " +"provide some amazing new capabilities. Before beginning this, the longest " +"and most complicated section of this article, I'll provide an overview of " +"the changes and offer some comments." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.2 中最大且影响最深远的改变是针对 Python 的对象和类模型。 " +"这些变化应该是向下兼容的，因此你的代码将能继续运行而无需修改，但这些变化提供了一些很棒的新功能。 " +"在开始本文最长和最复杂的部分之前，我提供对这些变化的概览并附带一些注释。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:52 +msgid "" +"A long time ago I wrote a web page listing flaws in Python's design. One of" +" the most significant flaws was that it's impossible to subclass Python " +"types implemented in C. In particular, it's not possible to subclass built-" +"in types, so you can't just subclass, say, lists in order to add a single " +"useful method to them. The :mod:`!UserList` module provides a class that " +"supports all of the methods of lists and that can be subclassed further, but" +" there's lots of C code that expects a regular Python list and won't accept " +"a :class:`~collections.UserList` instance." +msgstr "" +"很久以前我写过一个网页来列出 Python 设计中的一些缺陷。 其中一个最明显的缺陷是无法子类化用 C 实现的 Python 类型。 " +"具体来说，内置类型是无法子类化的，例如你不能简单地子类化列表以便向其添加一个有用的方法。 虽然 :mod:`!UserList` " +"模块提供了一个支持所有列表方法的类并且可以进一步子类化，但有很多 C 代码都期望一个常规的 Python 列表而不能接受 " +":class:`~collections.UserList` 实例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:61 +msgid "" +"Python 2.2 fixes this, and in the process adds some exciting new " +"capabilities. A brief summary:" +msgstr "Python 2.2 修正了此问题，并在此过程中添加了一些令人激动的新功能。 简明概述如下:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:64 +msgid "" +"You can subclass built-in types such as lists and even integers, and your " +"subclasses should work in every place that requires the original type." +msgstr "你可以继承内置类型，例如列表和整数，并且你的子类应该在任何需要原始类型的地方正常工作。这使得 Python 的面向对象编程更加灵活和强大。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:67 +msgid "" +"It's now possible to define static and class methods, in addition to the " +"instance methods available in previous versions of Python." +msgstr "现在，除了之前版本的 Python 中可用的实例方法外，还可以定义静态方法和类方法。这使得你可以更灵活地组织类的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:70 +msgid "" +"It's also possible to automatically call methods on accessing or setting an " +"instance attribute by using a new mechanism called :dfn:`properties`. Many " +"uses of :meth:`~object.__getattr__` can be rewritten to use properties " +"instead, making the resulting code simpler and faster. As a small side " +"benefit, attributes can now have docstrings, too." +msgstr "" +"另一种可能的做法是通过使用名为 :dfn:`特征属性` 的机制在访问或设置实例属性时自动调用方法。 许多 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 的用法可以被重写为改用特征属性，使得结果代码更简单且更快速。 " +"作为一个小小的附带好处，现在属性也可以带有文档字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:76 +msgid "" +"The list of legal attributes for an instance can be limited to a particular " +"set using :dfn:`slots`, making it possible to safeguard against typos and " +"perhaps make more optimizations possible in future versions of Python." +msgstr "可以使用 __slots__ 限制实例的合法属性列表，从而防止拼写错误，并且在未来的 Python 版本中可能进行更多的优化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Some users have voiced concern about all these changes. Sure, they say, the" +" new features are neat and lend themselves to all sorts of tricks that " +"weren't possible in previous versions of Python, but they also make the " +"language more complicated. Some people have said that they've always " +"recommended Python for its simplicity, and feel that its simplicity is being" +" lost." +msgstr "" +"一些用户对这些变化表示担忧。确实，他们说，新功能很棒，可以实现以前版本的 Python " +"无法做到的各种技巧，但它们也使语言变得更加复杂。一些人表示，他们一直推荐 Python 是因为它的简单性，现在感觉这种简单性正在丧失。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:86 +msgid "" +"Personally, I think there's no need to worry. Many of the new features are " +"quite esoteric, and you can write a lot of Python code without ever needed " +"to be aware of them. Writing a simple class is no more difficult than it " +"ever was, so you don't need to bother learning or teaching them unless " +"they're actually needed. Some very complicated tasks that were previously " +"only possible from C will now be possible in pure Python, and to my mind " +"that's all for the better." +msgstr "" +"个人而言，我认为没有必要担心。许多新功能相当深奥，你可以编写大量 Python " +"代码而不需要了解它们。编写一个简单的类并不比以前更难，因此除非确实需要，否则你不必费心去学习或教授这些新功能。一些以前只有在 C " +"语言中才能实现的非常复杂的任务，现在可以用纯 Python 实现，在我看来，这一切都更好了。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:93 +msgid "" +"I'm not going to attempt to cover every single corner case and small change " +"that were required to make the new features work. Instead this section will" +" paint only the broad strokes. See section :ref:`sect-rellinks`, \"Related " +"Links\", for further sources of information about Python 2.2's new object " +"model." +msgstr "" +"我不会尝试涵盖所有为了使新功能生效而需要的每一个边缘情况和小改动。相反，本节将只勾勒出大致的轮廓。有关 Python 2.2 " +"新对象模型的更多信息，请参见 :ref:`sect-rellinks` 的“相关链接”部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:100 +msgid "Old and New Classes" +msgstr "旧式类和新式类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:102 +msgid "" +"First, you should know that Python 2.2 really has two kinds of classes: " +"classic or old-style classes, and new-style classes. The old-style class " +"model is exactly the same as the class model in earlier versions of Python." +" All the new features described in this section apply only to new-style " +"classes. This divergence isn't intended to last forever; eventually old-" +"style classes will be dropped, possibly in Python 3.0." +msgstr "" +"首先，你应该知道 Python 2.2 实际上有两种类型的类：经典类（或旧式类）和新式类。旧式类模型与早期版本的 Python " +"中的类模型完全相同。本节描述的所有新功能仅适用于新式类。这种分歧并不是永久的；最终，旧式类将被淘汰，可能在 Python 3.0 中被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:109 +msgid "" +"So how do you define a new-style class? You do it by subclassing an " +"existing new-style class. Most of Python's built-in types, such as " +"integers, lists, dictionaries, and even files, are new-style classes now. A" +" new-style class named :class:`object`, the base class for all built-in " +"types, has also been added so if no built-in type is suitable, you can just " +"subclass :class:`object`::" +msgstr "" +"那么如何定义一个新式类呢？你可以通过继承一个现有的新式类来实现。大多数 Python " +"内置类型，如整数、列表、字典，甚至文件，现在都是新式类。此外，还添加了一个名为 :class:`object` " +"的新式类，它是所有内置类型的基类，因此如果没有合适的内置类型，你可以直接继承 :class:`object` 类：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:116 +msgid "" +"class C(object):\n" +" def __init__ (self):\n" +" ...\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C(object):\n" +" def __init__ (self):\n" +" ...\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:121 +msgid "" +"This means that :keyword:`class` statements that don't have any base classes" +" are always classic classes in Python 2.2. (Actually you can also change " +"this by setting a module-level variable named :attr:`!__metaclass__` --- see" +" :pep:`253` for the details --- but it's easier to just subclass " +":class:`object`.)" +msgstr "" +"这意味着在 Python 2.2 中不带任何基类的 :keyword:`class` 语句总是属于经典类。 （实际上你也可以通过设置一个名为 " +":attr:`!__metaclass__` 的模块级变量来改变这一点 —— 详见 :pep:`253` —— 但更简单的做法是直接子类化 " +":class:`object`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:126 +msgid "" +"The type objects for the built-in types are available as built-ins, named " +"using a clever trick. Python has always had built-in functions named " +":func:`int`, :func:`float`, and :func:`str`. In 2.2, they aren't functions " +"any more, but type objects that behave as factories when called. ::" +msgstr "" +"内置类型的类型对象在 Python 2.2 中作为内置对象提供，使用了一种巧妙的技巧命名。Python 一直有名为 " +":func:`int`、:func:`float` 和 :func:`str` 的内置函数。在 Python 2.2 " +"中，它们不再是函数，而是作为被调用时表现为工厂的类型对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:131 +msgid "" +">>> int\n" +"\n" +">>> int('123')\n" +"123" +msgstr "" +">>> int\n" +"\n" +">>> int('123')\n" +"123" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:136 +msgid "" +"To make the set of types complete, new type objects such as :func:`dict` and" +" :func:`!file` have been added. Here's a more interesting example, adding a" +" :meth:`!lock` method to file objects::" +msgstr "" +"为了使类型集合更为完备，增加了新的类型对象如 :func:`dict` 和 :func:`!file`。 下面是一个更有趣的示例，向文件对象添加一个 " +":meth:`!lock` 方法::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:140 +msgid "" +"class LockableFile(file):\n" +" def lock (self, operation, length=0, start=0, whence=0):\n" +" import fcntl\n" +" return fcntl.lockf(self.fileno(), operation,\n" +" length, start, whence)" +msgstr "" +"class LockableFile(file):\n" +" def lock (self, operation, length=0, start=0, whence=0):\n" +" import fcntl\n" +" return fcntl.lockf(self.fileno(), operation,\n" +" length, start, whence)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:146 +msgid "" +"The now-obsolete :mod:`!posixfile` module contained a class that emulated " +"all of a file object's methods and also added a :meth:`!lock` method, but " +"this class couldn't be passed to internal functions that expected a built-in" +" file, something which is possible with our new :class:`!LockableFile`." +msgstr "" +"现在已经过时的 :mod:`!posixfile` 模块包含一个类，该类模仿了文件对象的所有方法，并添加了一个 :meth:`!lock` " +"方法，但这个类不能传递给期望内置文件对象的内部函数，而这在我们的新 :class:`!LockableFile` 实现中是可能的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:153 +msgid "Descriptors" +msgstr "描述器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:155 +msgid "" +"In previous versions of Python, there was no consistent way to discover what" +" attributes and methods were supported by an object. There were some " +"informal conventions, such as defining :attr:`!__members__` and " +":attr:`!__methods__` attributes that were lists of names, but often the " +"author of an extension type or a class wouldn't bother to define them. You " +"could fall back on inspecting the :attr:`~object.__dict__` of an object, but" +" when class inheritance or an arbitrary :meth:`!__getattr__` hook were in " +"use this could still be inaccurate." +msgstr "" +"在以前的 Python 版本中，没有一致的方式来发现对象支持的属性和方法。 有一些非正式的约定，例如定义 :attr:`!__members__` 和 " +":attr:`!__methods__` 属性，这些属性是名称列表，但扩展类型或类的作者往往不会去定义它们。 你可以回退到检查对象的 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 属性，但在使用类继承或任意的 :meth:`!__getattr__` 钩子时，这仍然可能是不准确的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:163 +msgid "" +"The one big idea underlying the new class model is that an API for " +"describing the attributes of an object using :dfn:`descriptors` has been " +"formalized. Descriptors specify the value of an attribute, stating whether " +"it's a method or a field. With the descriptor API, static methods and class" +" methods become possible, as well as more exotic constructs." +msgstr "" +"新类模型的一个核心理念是正式化了使用描述符来描述对象属性的 API。描述符指定属性的值，说明它是方法还是字段。通过描述符 " +"API，静态方法和类方法成为可能，以及其他更复杂的构造。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Attribute descriptors are objects that live inside class objects, and have a" +" few attributes of their own:" +msgstr "属性描述符是存在于类对象内部的对象，它们自身具有一些属性。描述符协议由三个主要方法组成：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:172 +msgid ":attr:`~definition.__name__` is the attribute's name." +msgstr ":attr:`~definition.__name__` 是属性的名称。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:174 +msgid ":attr:`~definition.__doc__` is the attribute's docstring." +msgstr ":attr:`~definition.__doc__` 是属性的文档字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:176 +msgid "" +"``__get__(object)`` is a method that retrieves the attribute value from " +"*object*." +msgstr "``__get__(object)`` 是一个从 *object* 中提取属性值的方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:179 +msgid "``__set__(object, value)`` sets the attribute on *object* to *value*." +msgstr "``__set__(object, value)`` 将 *object* 上的属性设为 *value*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:181 +msgid "" +"``__delete__(object, value)`` deletes the *value* attribute of *object*." +msgstr "``__delete__(object, value)`` 将删除 *object* 的 *value* 属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:183 +msgid "" +"For example, when you write ``obj.x``, the steps that Python actually " +"performs are::" +msgstr "例如，当你写下 ``obj.x``，Python 实际要执行的步骤是::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:186 +msgid "" +"descriptor = obj.__class__.x\n" +"descriptor.__get__(obj)" +msgstr "" +"descriptor = obj.__class__.x\n" +"descriptor.__get__(obj)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:189 +msgid "" +"For methods, :meth:`descriptor.__get__ ` returns a temporary" +" object that's callable, and wraps up the instance and the method to be " +"called on it. This is also why static methods and class methods are now " +"possible; they have descriptors that wrap up just the method, or the method " +"and the class. As a brief explanation of these new kinds of methods, static" +" methods aren't passed the instance, and therefore resemble regular " +"functions. Class methods are passed the class of the object, but not the " +"object itself. Static and class methods are defined like this::" +msgstr "" +"对于方法，:meth:`descriptor.__get__ ` " +"返回一个可调用的临时对象，它将实例和要调用的方法包装在一起。 这也是为什么现在可以实现静态方法和类方法的原因；它们有只包装方法或者类的描述器。 " +"作为对这些新方法类别的简要说明，静态方法不传递实例，因此类似于常规函数。 类方法将传递对象的类，但不是对象本身。 静态方法和类方法是这样定义的::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:199 +msgid "" +"class C(object):\n" +" def f(arg1, arg2):\n" +" ...\n" +" f = staticmethod(f)\n" +"\n" +" def g(cls, arg1, arg2):\n" +" ...\n" +" g = classmethod(g)" +msgstr "" +"class C(object):\n" +" def f(arg1, arg2):\n" +" ...\n" +" f = staticmethod(f)\n" +"\n" +" def g(cls, arg1, arg2):\n" +" ...\n" +" g = classmethod(g)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:208 +msgid "" +"The :func:`staticmethod` function takes the function :func:`!f`, and returns" +" it wrapped up in a descriptor so it can be stored in the class object. You" +" might expect there to be special syntax for creating such methods (``def " +"static f``, ``defstatic f()``, or something like that) but no such syntax " +"has been defined yet; that's been left for future versions of Python." +msgstr "" +":func:`staticmethod` 函数接收函数 :func:`!f`，并将其封装在描述符中返回，这样它就可以存储在类对象中。 " +"您可能希望有特殊的语法来创建这样的方法 (``def static f`` , ``defstatic f()`` " +"或类似的东西)，但目前还没有定义这样的语法；这要留待 Python 的未来版本去解决。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:214 +msgid "" +"More new features, such as slots and properties, are also implemented as new" +" kinds of descriptors, and it's not difficult to write a descriptor class " +"that does something novel. For example, it would be possible to write a " +"descriptor class that made it possible to write Eiffel-style preconditions " +"and postconditions for a method. A class that used this feature might be " +"defined like this::" +msgstr "" +"更多的新功能，如 __slots__ " +"和属性，也作为新类型的描述符实现。编写一个实现新功能的描述符类并不困难。例如，可以编写一个描述符类，使其能够为方法编写类似 Eiffel " +"风格的前置条件和后置条件。使用该功能的类可能定义如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:221 +msgid "" +"from eiffel import eiffelmethod\n" +"\n" +"class C(object):\n" +" def f(self, arg1, arg2):\n" +" # The actual function\n" +" ...\n" +" def pre_f(self):\n" +" # Check preconditions\n" +" ...\n" +" def post_f(self):\n" +" # Check postconditions\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" f = eiffelmethod(f, pre_f, post_f)" +msgstr "" +"from eiffel import eiffelmethod\n" +"\n" +"class C(object):\n" +" def f(self, arg1, arg2):\n" +" # 实际的函数\n" +" ...\n" +" def pre_f(self):\n" +" # 检查先决条件\n" +" ...\n" +" def post_f(self):\n" +" # 检查后置条件\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" f = eiffelmethod(f, pre_f, post_f)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Note that a person using the new :func:`!eiffelmethod` doesn't have to " +"understand anything about descriptors. This is why I think the new features" +" don't increase the basic complexity of the language. There will be a few " +"wizards who need to know about it in order to write :func:`!eiffelmethod` or" +" the ZODB or whatever, but most users will just write code on top of the " +"resulting libraries and ignore the implementation details." +msgstr "" +"请注意，使用新 :func:`!eiffelmethod` 的人不必了解任何关于描述器的知识。 这就是我认为新功能不会增加语言基本复杂性的原因。 " +"会有一些向导需要了解它，以便编写 :func:`!eiffelmethod` 或 ZODB " +"或其他内容，但大多数用户只会在生成的库之上编写代码，而会忽略其实现细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:245 +msgid "Multiple Inheritance: The Diamond Rule" +msgstr "多重继承：钻石规则" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:247 +msgid "" +"Multiple inheritance has also been made more useful through changing the " +"rules under which names are resolved. Consider this set of classes (diagram" +" taken from :pep:`253` by Guido van Rossum)::" +msgstr "" +"通过改变名称解析规则，多重继承也变得更加有用。 请看下面这组类（图表摘自 :pep:`253` ，作者 Guido van Rossum）：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:251 +msgid "" +" class A:\n" +" ^ ^ def save(self): ...\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +"class B class C:\n" +" ^ ^ def save(self): ...\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" class D" +msgstr "" +" class A:\n" +" ^ ^ def save(self): ...\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +" / \\\n" +"class B class C:\n" +" ^ ^ def save(self): ...\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" \\ /\n" +" class D" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:265 +msgid "" +"The lookup rule for classic classes is simple but not very smart; the base " +"classes are searched depth-first, going from left to right. A reference to " +":meth:`!D.save` will search the classes :class:`!D`, :class:`!B`, and then " +":class:`!A`, where :meth:`!save` would be found and returned. " +":meth:`!C.save` would never be found at all. This is bad, because if " +":class:`!C`'s :meth:`!save` method is saving some internal state specific to" +" :class:`!C`, not calling it will result in that state never getting saved." +msgstr "" +"经典类的查找规则很简单，但并不高明；基类的查找是深度优先的，从左到右依次查找。 对 :meth:`!D.save` 的引用将搜索类 " +":class:`!D`、:class:`!B`，然后是 :class:`!A`，其中 :meth:`!save` 将被找到并返回。 " +":meth:`!C.save` 根本不会被找到。 这很糟糕，因为如果 :class:`!C` 的 :meth:`!save` 方法正在保存 " +":class:`!C` 特有的某些内部状态，不调用该方法将导致该状态永远不会被保存。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:273 +msgid "" +"New-style classes follow a different algorithm that's a bit more complicated" +" to explain, but does the right thing in this situation. (Note that Python " +"2.3 changes this algorithm to one that produces the same results in most " +"cases, but produces more useful results for really complicated inheritance " +"graphs.)" +msgstr "" +"新式类遵循一种不同的算法，虽然解释起来有点复杂，但在这种情况下能做正确的事情。（请注意，Python 2.3 " +"改变了这个算法，在大多数情况下会产生相同的结果，但对于非常复杂的继承图会产生更有用的结果。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:278 +msgid "" +"List all the base classes, following the classic lookup rule and include a " +"class multiple times if it's visited repeatedly. In the above example, the " +"list of visited classes is [:class:`!D`, :class:`!B`, :class:`!A`, " +":class:`!C`, :class:`!A`]." +msgstr "" +"按照经典的查找规则列出所有基类，如果一个类被重复访问，则将其包含多次。 在上例中，已访问过的类列表为 [:class:`!D`, " +":class:`!B`, :class:`!A`, :class:`!C`, :class:`!A`]。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:283 +msgid "" +"Scan the list for duplicated classes. If any are found, remove all but one " +"occurrence, leaving the *last* one in the list. In the above example, the " +"list becomes [:class:`!D`, :class:`!B`, :class:`!C`, :class:`!A`] after " +"dropping duplicates." +msgstr "" +"扫描列表来查找重复的类。 如果发现有重复的类，则删除所有重复的类，只留下列表中*后一个。 在上例中，删除重复后的列表变成 [:class:`!D`, " +":class:`!B`, :class:`!C`, :class:`!A`]。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:288 +msgid "" +"Following this rule, referring to :meth:`!D.save` will return " +":meth:`!C.save`, which is the behaviour we're after. This lookup rule is " +"the same as the one followed by Common Lisp. A new built-in function, " +":func:`super`, provides a way to get at a class's superclasses without " +"having to reimplement Python's algorithm. The most commonly used form will " +"be ``super(class, obj)``, which returns a bound superclass object (not the" +" actual class object). This form will be used in methods to call a method " +"in the superclass; for example, :class:`!D`'s :meth:`!save` method would " +"look like this::" +msgstr "" +"根据这条规则，引用 :meth:`!D.save` 将返回 :meth:`!C.save`，这正是我们想要的行为。 这一查找规则与 Common " +"Lisp 遵循的规则相同。 新的内置函数 :func:`super` 提供了一种无需重新实现 Python 算法就能获取类的超类的方法。 最常用的形式是" +" ``super(class, obj)`` ，它返回一个绑定的超类对象（而不是实际的类对象）。 " +"这种形式将用于调用超类中的方法；例如，:class:`!D` 的 :meth:`!save` 方法看起来像这样::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:297 +msgid "" +"class D (B,C):\n" +" def save (self):\n" +" # Call superclass .save()\n" +" super(D, self).save()\n" +" # Save D's private information here\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class D (B,C):\n" +" def save (self):\n" +" # 调用超类的 .save()\n" +" super(D, self).save()\n" +" # 在此保存 D 的私有信息\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:304 +msgid "" +":func:`super` can also return unbound superclass objects when called as " +"``super(class)`` or ``super(class1, class2)``, but this probably won't often" +" be useful." +msgstr "" +":func:`super` 在以 ``super(class)`` 或 ``super(class1, class2)`` " +"形式调用时也可以返回未绑定的超类对象，但这可能并不常用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:310 +msgid "Attribute Access" +msgstr "属性访问" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:312 +msgid "" +"A fair number of sophisticated Python classes define hooks for attribute " +"access using :meth:`~object.__getattr__`; most commonly this is done for " +"convenience, to make code more readable by automatically mapping an " +"attribute access such as ``obj.parent`` into a method call such as " +"``obj.get_parent``. Python 2.2 adds some new ways of controlling attribute " +"access." +msgstr "" +"许多高级的 Python 类通过 :meth:`~object.__getattr__` 定义属性访问钩子；通常这样做是为了方便，通过自动将诸如 " +"``obj.parent`` 这样的属性访问映射到诸如 ``obj.get_parent`` 这样的方法调用，使代码更具可读性。 Python 2.2 " +"添加了一些新的方法来控制属性访问。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:318 +msgid "" +"First, ``__getattr__(attr_name)`` is still supported by new-style classes, " +"and nothing about it has changed. As before, it will be called when an " +"attempt is made to access ``obj.foo`` and no attribute named ``foo`` is " +"found in the instance's dictionary." +msgstr "" +"首先，新式类仍然支持 ``__getattr__(attr_name)``，关于它的任何内容都没有改变。 和以前一样，当试图访问 " +"``obj.foo`` 时，如果在实例的字典中找不到名为 ``foo`` 的属性，就会调用它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:323 +msgid "" +"New-style classes also support a new method, " +"``__getattribute__(attr_name)``. The difference between the two methods is " +"that :meth:`~object.__getattribute__` is *always* called whenever any " +"attribute is accessed, while the old :meth:`~object.__getattr__` is only " +"called if ``foo`` isn't found in the instance's dictionary." +msgstr "" +"新式类还支持一种新方法 ``__getattribute__(attr_name)``。 这两个方法的区别在于 " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` 在访问任何属性时 *总是* 被调用，而旧的 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 仅在 ``foo`` 未在实例的字典中找到时才被调用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:329 +msgid "" +"However, Python 2.2's support for :dfn:`properties` will often be a simpler " +"way to trap attribute references. Writing a :meth:`!__getattr__` method is " +"complicated because to avoid recursion you can't use regular attribute " +"accesses inside them, and instead have to mess around with the contents of " +":attr:`~object.__dict__`. :meth:`~object.__getattr__` methods also end up " +"being called by Python when it checks for other methods such as " +":meth:`~object.__repr__` or :meth:`!__coerce__`, and so have to be written " +"with this in mind. Finally, calling a function on every attribute access " +"results in a sizable performance loss." +msgstr "" +"然而，Python 2.2 对 :dfn:`properties` 的支持通常是捕获属性引用的更简单方法。 编写 " +":meth:`!__getattr__` 方法非常复杂，因为为了避免递归，你不能在其中使用常规的属性访问，而是不得不处理 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 的内容。 此外，:meth:`~object.__getattr__` 方法在 Python " +"检查其他例如 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 或 :meth:`!__coerce__` " +"等方法时也会被调用，因此在编写时需要考虑这些情况。最后，每次属性访问都调用一个函数会导致显著的性能损失。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:338 +msgid "" +":class:`property` is a new built-in type that packages up three functions " +"that get, set, or delete an attribute, and a docstring. For example, if you" +" want to define a :attr:`!size` attribute that's computed, but also " +"settable, you could write::" +msgstr "" +":class:`property` " +"是一种新的内置类型，它打包了三个用于获取、设置或删除属性的函数，以及一个文档字符串。例如，如果你想定义一个计算得出的属性 " +":attr:`!size`，同时又希望这个属性是可设置的，你可以这样写::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:343 +msgid "" +"class C(object):\n" +" def get_size (self):\n" +" result = ... computation ...\n" +" return result\n" +" def set_size (self, size):\n" +" ... compute something based on the size\n" +" and set internal state appropriately ...\n" +"\n" +" # Define a property. The 'delete this attribute'\n" +" # method is defined as None, so the attribute\n" +" # can't be deleted.\n" +" size = property(get_size, set_size,\n" +" None,\n" +" \"Storage size of this instance\")" +msgstr "" +"class C(object):\n" +" def get_size (self):\n" +" result = ... 执行计算 ...\n" +" return result\n" +" def set_size (self, size):\n" +" ... 基于 size 进行计算\n" +" 并相应地设置内部状态 ...\n" +"\n" +" # 定义一个 property。\n" +" # 其中 'delete this attribute' 被定义为 None，\n" +" # 因此该属性不可被删除。\n" +" size = property(get_size, set_size,\n" +" None,\n" +" \"Storage size of this instance\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:358 +msgid "" +"That is certainly clearer and easier to write than a pair of " +":meth:`!__getattr__`/:meth:`!__setattr__` methods that check for the " +":attr:`!size` attribute and handle it specially while retrieving all other " +"attributes from the instance's :attr:`~object.__dict__`. Accesses to " +":attr:`!size` are also the only ones which have to perform the work of " +"calling a function, so references to other attributes run at their usual " +"speed." +msgstr "" +"这确实比编写一对 :meth:`!__getattr__` / :meth:`!__setattr__` 方法要清晰和容易得多，后者需要检查 " +":attr:`!size` 属性并在检索 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 的所有其他属性时进行特殊处理。 对 " +":attr:`!size` 属性的访问是唯一需要执行调用函数工作的访问，因此对其他属性的引用仍然以通常的速度运行。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:365 +msgid "" +"Finally, it's possible to constrain the list of attributes that can be " +"referenced on an object using the new :attr:`~object.__slots__` class " +"attribute. Python objects are usually very dynamic; at any time it's " +"possible to define a new attribute on an instance by just doing " +"``obj.new_attr=1``. A new-style class can define a class attribute named " +":attr:`~object.__slots__` to limit the legal attributes to a particular set" +" of names. An example will make this clear::" +msgstr "" +"最后，可以使用新的类属性 :attr:`~object.__slots__` 来限制对象上可以引用的属性列表。Python " +"对象通常非常动态，可以随时通过简单地 ``obj.new_attr=1`` 来定义一个新属性。新式类可以定义一个名为 " +":attr:`~object.__slots__` 的类属性，以将合法属性限制为特定的一组名称。一个例子可以更清楚地说明这一点：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:372 +msgid "" +">>> class C(object):\n" +"... __slots__ = ('template', 'name')\n" +"...\n" +">>> obj = C()\n" +">>> print obj.template\n" +"None\n" +">>> obj.template = 'Test'\n" +">>> print obj.template\n" +"Test\n" +">>> obj.newattr = None\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +"AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute 'newattr'" +msgstr "" +">>> class C(object):\n" +"... __slots__ = ('template', 'name')\n" +"...\n" +">>> obj = C()\n" +">>> print obj.template\n" +"None\n" +">>> obj.template = 'Test'\n" +">>> print obj.template\n" +"Test\n" +">>> obj.newattr = None\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +"AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute 'newattr'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Note how you get an :exc:`AttributeError` on the attempt to assign to an " +"attribute not listed in :attr:`~object.__slots__`." +msgstr "" +"注意，当尝试为未列在 :attr:`~object.__slots__` 中的属性赋值时，会引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:393 +msgid "Related Links" +msgstr "相关链接" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:395 +msgid "" +"This section has just been a quick overview of the new features, giving " +"enough of an explanation to start you programming, but many details have " +"been simplified or ignored. Where should you go to get a more complete " +"picture?" +msgstr "本节只是对新特性进行了简要概述，提供了足够的解释以帮助你开始编程，但许多细节已被简化或忽略。想要获得更全面的了解，你可以去哪里呢？" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:399 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`descriptorhowto` is a lengthy tutorial introduction to the " +"descriptor features, written by Guido van Rossum. If my description has " +"whetted your appetite, go read this tutorial next, because it goes into much" +" more detail about the new features while still remaining quite easy to " +"read." +msgstr "" +":ref:`descriptorhowto` 是由 Guido van Rossum 编写的一篇介绍描述器特性详细教程。 " +"如果我的描述激起了你的兴趣，请继续阅读这篇教程，因为它更加详细地介绍了这些新功能，同时仍然保持了相当的易读性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:404 +msgid "" +"Next, there are two relevant PEPs, :pep:`252` and :pep:`253`. :pep:`252` is" +" titled \"Making Types Look More Like Classes\", and covers the descriptor " +"API. :pep:`253` is titled \"Subtyping Built-in Types\", and describes the " +"changes to type objects that make it possible to subtype built-in objects. " +":pep:`253` is the more complicated PEP of the two, and at a few points the " +"necessary explanations of types and meta-types may cause your head to " +"explode. Both PEPs were written and implemented by Guido van Rossum, with " +"substantial assistance from the rest of the Zope Corp. team." +msgstr "" +"接下来，有两个相关的 PEP，即 :pep:`252` 和 :pep:`253`。:pep:`252` 标题为“使类型更像类”，涵盖了描述符 " +"API。:pep:`253` 标题为“内置类型的子类型化”，描述了使内置对象可以进行子类型化的类型对象的更改。:pep:`253` 是这两个 PEP " +"中更复杂的一个，在某些点上，必要的类型和元类型解释可能会让人感到头疼。两个 PEP 都由 Guido van Rossum 编写和实现，并得到了 " +"Zope Corp. 团队其他成员的实质性协助。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Finally, there's the ultimate authority: the source code. Most of the " +"machinery for the type handling is in :file:`Objects/typeobject.c`, but you " +"should only resort to it after all other avenues have been exhausted, " +"including posting a question to python-list or python-dev." +msgstr "" +"最后，还有最终的权威来源：源代码。大部分类型处理的机制都在 :file:`Objects/typeobject.c` " +"中，但只有在所有其他途径都用尽之后，包括在 python-list 或 python-dev 上发布问题后，才应求助于源代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:422 +msgid "PEP 234: Iterators" +msgstr "PEP 234: 迭代器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:424 +msgid "" +"Another significant addition to 2.2 is an iteration interface at both the C " +"and Python levels. Objects can define how they can be looped over by " +"callers." +msgstr "Python 2.2 的另一个重要新增功能是在 C 和 Python 两个层面上引入了迭代接口。对象可以定义如何被调用者循环遍历。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:427 +msgid "" +"In Python versions up to 2.1, the usual way to make ``for item in obj`` work" +" is to define a :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method that looks something like" +" this::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.1 及之前的版本中，使 ``for item in obj`` 语句生效的常用方法是定义一个类似于下面的 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:430 +msgid "" +"def __getitem__(self, index):\n" +" return " +msgstr "" +"def __getitem__(self, index):\n" +" return " + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:433 +msgid "" +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` is more properly used to define an indexing " +"operation on an object so that you can write ``obj[5]`` to retrieve the " +"sixth element. It's a bit misleading when you're using this only to support" +" :keyword:`for` loops. Consider some file-like object that wants to be " +"looped over; the *index* parameter is essentially meaningless, as the class " +"probably assumes that a series of :meth:`~object.__getitem__` calls will be " +"made with *index* incrementing by one each time. In other words, the " +"presence of the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method doesn't mean that using " +"``file[5]`` to randomly access the sixth element will work, though it " +"really should." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 更适用于在对象上定义索引操作，以便你可以编写 ``obj[5]`` 来检索第六个元素。 " +"如果仅仅为了支持 :keyword:`for` 循环而使用它，会有些误导。 考虑一个类文件对象，它希望被循环遍历；*index* " +"参数基本上是没有意义的，因为类可能假定会有一系列的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 调用，每次 *index* " +"增加一。换句话说，:meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法的存在并不意味着使用 ``file[5]`` " +"随机访问第六个元素是可行的，尽管实际上它应该是可行的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:443 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.2, iteration can be implemented separately, and " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` methods can be limited to classes that really do" +" support random access. The basic idea of iterators is simple. A new " +"built-in function, ``iter(obj)`` or ``iter(C, sentinel)``, is used to get an" +" iterator. ``iter(obj)`` returns an iterator for the object *obj*, while " +"``iter(C, sentinel)`` returns an iterator that will invoke the callable " +"object *C* until it returns *sentinel* to signal that the iterator is done." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.2 中，可以单独实现迭代，而 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法可以仅限于真正支持随机访问的类。 " +"迭代器的基本概念很简单。 一个新的内置函数 ``iter(obj)`` 或 ``iter(C, sentinel)`` 被引入，用于获取迭代器。 " +"``iter(obj)`` 返回对象 *obj* 的迭代器，而 ``iter(C, sentinel)`` 返回一个迭代器，该迭代器将调用可调用对象 " +"*C*，直到它返回 *sentinel*，以此表示迭代结束。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:451 +msgid "" +"Python classes can define an :meth:`!__iter__` method, which should create " +"and return a new iterator for the object; if the object is its own iterator," +" this method can just return ``self``. In particular, iterators will " +"usually be their own iterators. Extension types implemented in C can " +"implement a :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` function in order to return an" +" iterator, and extension types that want to behave as iterators can define a" +" :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` function." +msgstr "" +"Python 类可以定义一个 :meth:`!__iter__` " +"方法，该方法应该创建并返回一个对象的新迭代器；如果对象本身就是它自己的迭代器，这个方法可以简单地返回 ``self``。 " +"特别地，迭代器通常会是它们自己的迭代器。 用 C 实现的扩展类型可以实现一个 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` " +"函数来返回一个迭代器，想要表现为迭代器的扩展类型可以定义一个 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:458 +msgid "" +"So, after all this, what do iterators actually do? They have one required " +"method, :meth:`next`, which takes no arguments and returns the next value. " +"When there are no more values to be returned, calling :meth:`next` should " +"raise the :exc:`StopIteration` exception. ::" +msgstr "" +"总结一下，迭代器实际上做什么？它们有一个必需的方法 :meth:`next`，该方法不接受任何参数并返回下一个值。当没有更多的值可以返回时，调用 " +":meth:`next` 应该引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常。以下是一个简单的例子来说明迭代器的工作原理：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:463 +msgid "" +">>> L = [1,2,3]\n" +">>> i = iter(L)\n" +">>> print i\n" +"\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"2\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"3\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +"StopIteration\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> L = [1,2,3]\n" +">>> i = iter(L)\n" +">>> print i\n" +"\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"2\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"3\n" +">>> i.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +"StopIteration\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:479 +msgid "" +"In 2.2, Python's :keyword:`for` statement no longer expects a sequence; it " +"expects something for which :func:`iter` will return an iterator. For " +"backward compatibility and convenience, an iterator is automatically " +"constructed for sequences that don't implement :meth:`!__iter__` or a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` slot, so ``for i in [1,2,3]`` will still " +"work. Wherever the Python interpreter loops over a sequence, it's been " +"changed to use the iterator protocol. This means you can do things like " +"this::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.2 中，:keyword:`for` 语句不再期望一个序列；它期望的是一个可以返回迭代器的 :func:`iter` 对象。 " +"为了向下兼容和方便，对于那些没有实现 :meth:`!__iter__` 或 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` " +"方法的序列，会自动构造一个迭代器，因此 ``for i in [1,2,3]`` 仍然可以正常工作。 Python " +"解释器在循环遍历序列时，已经改为使用迭代器协议。 这意味着你可以做类似这样的事情：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:487 +msgid "" +">>> L = [1,2,3]\n" +">>> i = iter(L)\n" +">>> a,b,c = i\n" +">>> a,b,c\n" +"(1, 2, 3)" +msgstr "" +">>> L = [1,2,3]\n" +">>> i = iter(L)\n" +">>> a,b,c = i\n" +">>> a,b,c\n" +"(1, 2, 3)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:493 +msgid "" +"Iterator support has been added to some of Python's basic types. Calling " +":func:`iter` on a dictionary will return an iterator which loops over its " +"keys::" +msgstr "迭代器支持已被添加到Python的一些基本类型中。对字典调用 :func:`iter` 会返回一个迭代器，该迭代器遍历字典的键，如下所示：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:496 +msgid "" +">>> m = {'Jan': 1, 'Feb': 2, 'Mar': 3, 'Apr': 4, 'May': 5, 'Jun': 6,\n" +"... 'Jul': 7, 'Aug': 8, 'Sep': 9, 'Oct': 10, 'Nov': 11, 'Dec': 12}\n" +">>> for key in m: print key, m[key]\n" +"...\n" +"Mar 3\n" +"Feb 2\n" +"Aug 8\n" +"Sep 9\n" +"May 5\n" +"Jun 6\n" +"Jul 7\n" +"Jan 1\n" +"Apr 4\n" +"Nov 11\n" +"Dec 12\n" +"Oct 10" +msgstr "" +">>> m = {'Jan': 1, 'Feb': 2, 'Mar': 3, 'Apr': 4, 'May': 5, 'Jun': 6,\n" +"... 'Jul': 7, 'Aug': 8, 'Sep': 9, 'Oct': 10, 'Nov': 11, 'Dec': 12}\n" +">>> for key in m: print key, m[key]\n" +"...\n" +"Mar 3\n" +"Feb 2\n" +"Aug 8\n" +"Sep 9\n" +"May 5\n" +"Jun 6\n" +"Jul 7\n" +"Jan 1\n" +"Apr 4\n" +"Nov 11\n" +"Dec 12\n" +"Oct 10" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:513 +msgid "" +"That's just the default behaviour. If you want to iterate over keys, " +"values, or key/value pairs, you can explicitly call the :meth:`!iterkeys`, " +":meth:`!itervalues`, or :meth:`!iteritems` methods to get an appropriate " +"iterator. In a minor related change, the :keyword:`in` operator now works on" +" dictionaries, so ``key in dict`` is now equivalent to " +"``dict.has_key(key)``." +msgstr "" +"这只是默认行为。如果你想迭代键、值或键/值对，可以显式调用 :meth:`!iterkeys`、:meth:`!itervalues` 或 " +":meth:`!iteritems` 方法来获取适当的迭代器。 在一个相关的小改动中，成员运算符 :keyword:`in` 现在可以用于字典，因此 " +"``key in dict`` 现在等价于 ``dict.has_key(key)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:519 +msgid "" +"Files also provide an iterator, which calls the :meth:`readline` method " +"until there are no more lines in the file. This means you can now read each" +" line of a file using code like this::" +msgstr "" +"文件也提供了一个迭代器，它会调用 :meth:`readline` " +"方法，直到文件中没有更多的行。这意味着你现在可以使用类似这样的代码来读取文件的每一行：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:523 +msgid "" +"for line in file:\n" +" # do something for each line\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"for line in file:\n" +" # 对每一行执行某些操作\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:527 +msgid "" +"Note that you can only go forward in an iterator; there's no way to get the " +"previous element, reset the iterator, or make a copy of it. An iterator " +"object could provide such additional capabilities, but the iterator protocol" +" only requires a :meth:`next` method." +msgstr "" +"请注意，你只能在迭代器中向前移动；没有办法获取前一个元素、重置迭代器或复制迭代器。一个迭代器对象可以提供这些额外的功能，但迭代器协议只要求有一个 " +":meth:`next` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:535 +msgid ":pep:`234` - Iterators" +msgstr ":pep:`234` - 迭代器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:536 +msgid "" +"Written by Ka-Ping Yee and GvR; implemented by the Python Labs crew, mostly" +" by GvR and Tim Peters." +msgstr "由 Ka-Ping Yee 和 GvR 撰写；由 Python Labs 小组（主要由 GvR 和 Tim Peters）实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:543 +msgid "PEP 255: Simple Generators" +msgstr "PEP 255: 简单的生成器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Generators are another new feature, one that interacts with the introduction" +" of iterators." +msgstr "生成器是另一个新增特性，它是与迭代器的引入相互关联的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:548 +msgid "" +"You're doubtless familiar with how function calls work in Python or C. When" +" you call a function, it gets a private namespace where its local variables " +"are created. When the function reaches a :keyword:`return` statement, the " +"local variables are destroyed and the resulting value is returned to the " +"caller. A later call to the same function will get a fresh new set of local" +" variables. But, what if the local variables weren't thrown away on exiting " +"a function? What if you could later resume the function where it left off? " +"This is what generators provide; they can be thought of as resumable " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"你一定熟悉在Python或C语言中函数调用的工作方式。当你调用一个函数时，它会获得一个私有命名空间，在这个命名空间中创建其局部变量。当函数执行到 " +":keyword:`return` " +"语句时，这些局部变量会被销毁，并将结果值返回给调用者。稍后对同一个函数的调用将获得一套全新的局部变量。但，如果局部变量在函数退出时不被丢弃呢？如果你可以在函数停止的地方稍后恢复执行呢？这就是生成器所提供的功能；它们可以被视为可恢复的函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:557 +msgid "Here's the simplest example of a generator function::" +msgstr "这里是一个生成器函数的最简示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:559 +msgid "" +"def generate_ints(N):\n" +" for i in range(N):\n" +" yield i" +msgstr "" +"def generate_ints(N):\n" +" for i in range(N):\n" +" yield i" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:563 +msgid "" +"A new keyword, :keyword:`yield`, was introduced for generators. Any " +"function containing a :keyword:`!yield` statement is a generator function; " +"this is detected by Python's bytecode compiler which compiles the function " +"specially as a result. Because a new keyword was introduced, generators " +"must be explicitly enabled in a module by including a ``from __future__ " +"import generators`` statement near the top of the module's source code. In " +"Python 2.3 this statement will become unnecessary." +msgstr "" +"一个新的关键字 :keyword:`yield` 被引入用于生成器。任何包含 :keyword:`!yield` " +"语句的函数都是生成器函数；这由Python的字节码编译器检测到，并因此对函数进行特殊编译。由于引入了一个新的关键字，生成器必须通过在模块的源代码顶部附近包含一条" +" ``from __future__ import generators`` 语句来显式启用。在Python 2.3中，这条语句将变得不再必要。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:571 +msgid "" +"When you call a generator function, it doesn't return a single value; " +"instead it returns a generator object that supports the iterator protocol. " +"On executing the :keyword:`yield` statement, the generator outputs the value" +" of ``i``, similar to a :keyword:`return` statement. The big difference " +"between :keyword:`!yield` and a :keyword:`!return` statement is that on " +"reaching a :keyword:`!yield` the generator's state of execution is suspended" +" and local variables are preserved. On the next call to the generator's " +"``next()`` method, the function will resume executing immediately after the " +":keyword:`!yield` statement. (For complicated reasons, the " +":keyword:`!yield` statement isn't allowed inside the :keyword:`!try` block " +"of a :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`finally` statement; read :pep:`255` for a" +" full explanation of the interaction between :keyword:`!yield` and " +"exceptions.)" +msgstr "" +"当你调用一个生成器函数时，它不会返回单个值；相反，它返回一个支持迭代器协议的生成器对象。在执行 :keyword:`yield` 语句时，生成器输出 " +"``i`` 的值，类似于 :keyword:`return` 语句。:keyword:`!yield` 和 :keyword:`!return` " +"语句之间的重大区别在于，当到达 :keyword:`!yield` 时，生成器的执行状态被挂起，并且局部变量被保留。在下一次调用生成器的 " +"``next()`` 方法时，函数将立即在 :keyword:`!yield` 语句之后恢复执行。（由于复杂的原因，:keyword:`!yield` " +"语句不允许在 :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`finally` 语句的 :keyword:`!try` 块中使用；请阅读 " +":pep:`255` 以获得关于 :keyword:`!yield` 和异常交互的详细解释。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:584 +msgid "Here's a sample usage of the :func:`!generate_ints` generator::" +msgstr "下面是 :func:`!generate_ints` 生成器的用法示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:586 +msgid "" +">>> gen = generate_ints(3)\n" +">>> gen\n" +"\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"0\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"2\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in generate_ints\n" +"StopIteration" +msgstr "" +">>> gen = generate_ints(3)\n" +">>> gen\n" +"\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"0\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"2\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in generate_ints\n" +"StopIteration" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:601 +msgid "" +"You could equally write ``for i in generate_ints(5)``, or ``a,b,c = " +"generate_ints(3)``." +msgstr "" +"你可以等价地写成 ``for i in generate_ints(5)`` 或 ``a,b,c = generate_ints(3)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:604 +msgid "" +"Inside a generator function, the :keyword:`return` statement can only be " +"used without a value, and signals the end of the procession of values; " +"afterwards the generator cannot return any further values. " +":keyword:`!return` with a value, such as ``return 5``, is a syntax error " +"inside a generator function. The end of the generator's results can also be" +" indicated by raising :exc:`StopIteration` manually, or by just letting the " +"flow of execution fall off the bottom of the function." +msgstr "" +"在生成器函数内部， :keyword:`return` " +"语句只能不带值使用，并表示值的生成过程结束；之后，生成器不能再返回任何值。在生成器函数内部，带值的 :keyword:`!return`，例如 " +"``return 5``，是语法错误。生成器结果的结束也可以通过手动引发 :exc:`StopIteration` " +"异常来指示，或者只是让执行流自然地从函数底部流出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:612 +msgid "" +"You could achieve the effect of generators manually by writing your own " +"class and storing all the local variables of the generator as instance " +"variables. For example, returning a list of integers could be done by " +"setting ``self.count`` to 0, and having the :meth:`next` method increment " +"``self.count`` and return it. However, for a moderately complicated " +"generator, writing a corresponding class would be much messier. " +":file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` contains a number of more interesting " +"examples. The simplest one implements an in-order traversal of a tree using" +" generators recursively. ::" +msgstr "" +"你可以通过编写自己的类并将生成器的所有局部变量存储为实例变量，手动实现生成器的效果。例如，返回一个整数列表可以通过将 ``self.count`` " +"设置为0，并让 :meth:`next` 方法递增 ``self.count`` " +"并返回它。然而，对于一个中等复杂的生成器，编写一个相应的类将会更加混乱。:file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` " +"包含了一些更有趣的例子。其中最简单的一个使用生成器递归实现了树的中序遍历：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:621 +msgid "" +"# A recursive generator that generates Tree leaves in in-order.\n" +"def inorder(t):\n" +" if t:\n" +" for x in inorder(t.left):\n" +" yield x\n" +" yield t.label\n" +" for x in inorder(t.right):\n" +" yield x" +msgstr "" +"# 一个递归地按顺序生成 Tree 叶子节点的生成器。\n" +"def inorder(t):\n" +" if t:\n" +" for x in inorder(t.left):\n" +" yield x\n" +" yield t.label\n" +" for x in inorder(t.right):\n" +" yield x" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Two other examples in :file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` produce solutions " +"for the N-Queens problem (placing $N$ queens on an $NxN$ chess board so that" +" no queen threatens another) and the Knight's Tour (a route that takes a " +"knight to every square of an $NxN$ chessboard without visiting any square " +"twice)." +msgstr "" +"在 :file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` " +"中还有另外两个例子，它们分别解决了N皇后问题（在$NxN$的棋盘上放置$N$个皇后，使得没有任何皇后威胁到其他皇后）和骑士巡游问题（在$NxN$的棋盘上，骑士访问每一个方格且不重复访问任何方格的路径）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:635 +msgid "" +"The idea of generators comes from other programming languages, especially " +"Icon (https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/), where the idea of generators is " +"central. In Icon, every expression and function call behaves like a " +"generator. One example from \"An Overview of the Icon Programming " +"Language\" at https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/docs/ipd266.htm gives an idea" +" of what this looks like::" +msgstr "" +"生成器的概念源自其他编程语言，尤其是 Icon（https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ ），在 Icon " +"语言中，生成器的概念是核心。在 Icon 中，每个表达式和函数调用生成器的概念源自其他编程语言，尤其是 Icon。 在 Icon " +"中，每个表达式和函数调用都可以表现得像一个生成器。 以下是来自“Icon 编程语言概述”中的一个示例，展示了生成器的用法 " +"https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/docs/ipd266.htm ：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:642 +msgid "" +"sentence := \"Store it in the neighboring harbor\"\n" +"if (i := find(\"or\", sentence)) > 5 then write(i)" +msgstr "" +"sentence := \"Store it in the neighboring harbor\"\n" +"if (i := find(\"or\", sentence)) > 5 then write(i)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:645 +msgid "" +"In Icon the :func:`!find` function returns the indexes at which the " +"substring \"or\" is found: 3, 23, 33. In the :keyword:`if` statement, ``i``" +" is first assigned a value of 3, but 3 is less than 5, so the comparison " +"fails, and Icon retries it with the second value of 23. 23 is greater than " +"5, so the comparison now succeeds, and the code prints the value 23 to the " +"screen." +msgstr "" +"在Icon中，:func:`!find` 函数返回子字符串\"or\"所在的索引：3、23、33。在 :keyword:`if` 语句中，``i`` " +"首先被赋值为 3，但 3 小于 5，因此比较失败，Icon 会使用第二个值 23 进行重试。 23 大于 5，因此比较成功，代码将值 23 " +"打印到屏幕上。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:651 +msgid "" +"Python doesn't go nearly as far as Icon in adopting generators as a central " +"concept. Generators are considered a new part of the core Python language, " +"but learning or using them isn't compulsory; if they don't solve any " +"problems that you have, feel free to ignore them. One novel feature of " +"Python's interface as compared to Icon's is that a generator's state is " +"represented as a concrete object (the iterator) that can be passed around to" +" other functions or stored in a data structure." +msgstr "" +"Python 并没有像 Icon 那样将生成器作为核心概念来采纳。生成器被认为是 Python " +"核心语言的一部分，但学习或使用它们并不是强制性的；如果它们不能解决你的问题，可以完全忽略它们。与 Icon 相比，Python " +"的一个新颖特性是生成器的状态表示为一个具体对象（迭代器），该对象可以传递给其他函数或存储在数据结构中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:662 +msgid ":pep:`255` - Simple Generators" +msgstr ":pep:`255` - 简单生成器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:663 +msgid "" +"Written by Neil Schemenauer, Tim Peters, Magnus Lie Hetland. Implemented " +"mostly by Neil Schemenauer and Tim Peters, with other fixes from the Python " +"Labs crew." +msgstr "" +"由 Neil Schemenauer, Tim Peters, Magnus Lie Hetland 撰写。 主要由 Neil Schemenauer " +"和 Tim Peters 实现，并包含来自 Python Labs 团队的修正。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:670 +msgid "PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers" +msgstr "PEP 237: 统一长整数和整数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:672 +msgid "" +"In recent versions, the distinction between regular integers, which are " +"32-bit values on most machines, and long integers, which can be of arbitrary" +" size, was becoming an annoyance. For example, on platforms that support " +"files larger than ``2**32`` bytes, the :meth:`!tell` method of file objects " +"has to return a long integer. However, there were various bits of Python " +"that expected plain integers and would raise an error if a long integer was " +"provided instead. For example, in Python 1.5, only regular integers could " +"be used as a slice index, and ``'abc'[1L:]`` would raise a :exc:`TypeError` " +"exception with the message 'slice index must be int'." +msgstr "" +"在最近的版本中，普通整数（在大多数机器上是 32 位值）和长整数（可以是任意大小）的区别变得令人烦恼。 例如，在支持大于 ``2**32`` " +"比特的文件的平台上，文件对象的 :meth:`!tell` 方法必须返回一个长整数。 然而，Python " +"的各个部分期望普通整数，如果提供了长整数，则会引发错误。 例如，在 Python 1.5 中，只有普通整数可以用作切片索引，而 " +"``'abc'[1L:]`` 会引发一个 :exc:`TypeError` 异常，并显示消息“slice index must be int”。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:682 +msgid "" +"Python 2.2 will shift values from short to long integers as required. The " +"'L' suffix is no longer needed to indicate a long integer literal, as now " +"the compiler will choose the appropriate type. (Using the 'L' suffix will " +"be discouraged in future 2.x versions of Python, triggering a warning in " +"Python 2.4, and probably dropped in Python 3.0.) Many operations that used " +"to raise an :exc:`OverflowError` will now return a long integer as their " +"result. For example::" +msgstr "" +"Python 2.2 将根据需要将数值从短整数转换为长整数。'L' 后缀不再需要用于表示长整数字面量，因为现在编译器会自动选择适当的类型。（在未来的 " +"2.x 版本的 Python 中，使用 'L' 后缀将被不鼓励，并在 Python 2.4 中触发警告，可能在 Python 3.0 " +"中被移除。）许多以前会引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 的操作现在会返回一个长整数作为结果。例如：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:690 +msgid "" +">>> 1234567890123\n" +"1234567890123L\n" +">>> 2 ** 64\n" +"18446744073709551616L" +msgstr "" +">>> 1234567890123\n" +"1234567890123L\n" +">>> 2 ** 64\n" +"18446744073709551616L" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:695 +msgid "" +"In most cases, integers and long integers will now be treated identically. " +"You can still distinguish them with the :func:`type` built-in function, but " +"that's rarely needed." +msgstr "在大多数情况下，整数和长整数现在将被视为相同。你仍然可以使用内置的 :func:`type` 函数区分它们，但这很少需要。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:702 +msgid ":pep:`237` - Unifying Long Integers and Integers" +msgstr ":pep:`237` - 统一长整数和整数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:703 +msgid "" +"Written by Moshe Zadka and Guido van Rossum. Implemented mostly by Guido " +"van Rossum." +msgstr "由 Moshe Zadka 和 Guido van Rossum 撰写 ; 大部分由 Guido van Rossum 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:710 +msgid "PEP 238: Changing the Division Operator" +msgstr "PEP 238：修改除法运算符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:712 +msgid "" +"The most controversial change in Python 2.2 heralds the start of an effort " +"to fix an old design flaw that's been in Python from the beginning. " +"Currently Python's division operator, ``/``, behaves like C's division " +"operator when presented with two integer arguments: it returns an integer " +"result that's truncated down when there would be a fractional part. For " +"example, ``3/2`` is 1, not 1.5, and ``(-1)/2`` is -1, not -0.5. This means " +"that the results of division can vary unexpectedly depending on the type of " +"the two operands and because Python is dynamically typed, it can be " +"difficult to determine the possible types of the operands." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.2中最具争议的变化预示着修复一个自Python诞生以来的旧设计缺陷的努力的开始。目前，Python的除法操作符 ``/`` " +"在接收两个整数参数时表现得像C语言的除法操作符：它返回一个被截断为整数的结果。例如，``3/2`` 是1，而不是1.5，``(-1)/2`` " +"是-1，而不是-0.5。这意味着除法的结果可能会根据两个操作数的类型而意外变化，并且由于Python是动态类型的，确定操作数的可能类型可能会很困难。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:722 +msgid "" +"(The controversy is over whether this is *really* a design flaw, and whether" +" it's worth breaking existing code to fix this. It's caused endless " +"discussions on python-dev, and in July 2001 erupted into a storm of acidly " +"sarcastic postings on :newsgroup:`comp.lang.python`. I won't argue for " +"either side here and will stick to describing what's implemented in 2.2. " +"Read :pep:`238` for a summary of arguments and counter-arguments.)" +msgstr "" +"（争议在于这是否*真的*算是一个设计缺陷，以及是否值得为了修复它而破坏现有代码。这在python-" +"dev上引发了无休止的讨论，并在2001年7月爆发成一场在 :newsgroup:`comp.lang.python` " +"的充满讽刺性言辞的风暴。我不会在这里为任何一方辩护，只会描述在2.2中实现的内容。请阅读 :pep:`238` 以获取争论和反驳的摘要。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Because this change might break code, it's being introduced very gradually. " +"Python 2.2 begins the transition, but the switch won't be complete until " +"Python 3.0." +msgstr "" +"由于这一变化可能会破坏现有代码，因此它正在非常逐步地引入。Python 2.2 开始了这一过渡，但直到 Python 3.0 这一转换才会完全完成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:733 +msgid "" +"First, I'll borrow some terminology from :pep:`238`. \"True division\" is " +"the division that most non-programmers are familiar with: 3/2 is 1.5, 1/4 is" +" 0.25, and so forth. \"Floor division\" is what Python's ``/`` operator " +"currently does when given integer operands; the result is the floor of the " +"value returned by true division. \"Classic division\" is the current mixed " +"behaviour of ``/``; it returns the result of floor division when the " +"operands are integers, and returns the result of true division when one of " +"the operands is a floating-point number." +msgstr "" +"首先，我将借用一些来自 :pep:`238` " +"的术语。“真除法”是大多数非程序员所熟悉的除法：3/2是1.5，1/4是0.25，等等。“地板除法”是Python的 ``/`` " +"操作符在给定整数操作数时当前执行的操作；其结果是真除法返回值的地板值。“经典除法”是当前 ``/`` " +"操作符的混合行为；当操作数是整数时，它返回地板除法的结果，而当其中一个操作数是浮点数时，它返回真除法的结果。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:741 +msgid "Here are the changes 2.2 introduces:" +msgstr "Python 2.2 引入了以下变化：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:743 +msgid "" +"A new operator, ``//``, is the floor division operator. (Yes, we know it " +"looks like C++'s comment symbol.) ``//`` *always* performs floor division " +"no matter what the types of its operands are, so ``1 // 2`` is 0 and ``1.0 " +"// 2.0`` is also 0.0." +msgstr "" +"一个新的操作符，``//`` 是地板除法操作符。 （是的，我们知道它看起来像 C++ 的注释符号。） ``//`` *始终* " +"执行地板除法，无论其操作数的类型是什么，因此 ``1 // 2`` 是 0，``1.0 // 2.0`` 也是0.0。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:748 +msgid "" +"``//`` is always available in Python 2.2; you don't need to enable it using " +"a ``__future__`` statement." +msgstr "``//`` 操作符在Python 2.2中始终可用；你不需要通过 ``__future__`` 语句来启用它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:751 +msgid "" +"By including a ``from __future__ import division`` in a module, the ``/`` " +"operator will be changed to return the result of true division, so ``1/2`` " +"is 0.5. Without the ``__future__`` statement, ``/`` still means classic " +"division. The default meaning of ``/`` will not change until Python 3.0." +msgstr "" +"通过在模块中包含 ``from __future__ import division``，``/``操作符将被更改为返回真除法的结果，因此 " +"``1/2`` 是0.5。如果没有这条 ``__future__`` 语句，``/`` 仍然表示经典除法。``/`` 的默认含义在Python " +"3.0之前不会改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Classes can define methods called :meth:`~object.__truediv__` and " +":meth:`~object.__floordiv__` to overload the two division operators. At the" +" C level, there are also slots in the :c:type:`PyNumberMethods` structure so" +" extension types can define the two operators." +msgstr "" +"类可以定义名为 :meth:`~object.__truediv__` 和 :meth:`~object.__floordiv__` " +"的方法来重载这两个除法操作符。 在 C 语言层面，:c:type:`PyNumberMethods` 结构中也有槽位，因此扩展类型可以定义这两个操作符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:761 +msgid "" +"Python 2.2 supports some command-line arguments for testing whether code " +"will work with the changed division semantics. Running python with " +":option:`!-Q warn` will cause a warning to be issued whenever division is " +"applied to two integers. You can use this to find code that's affected by " +"the change and fix it. By default, Python 2.2 will simply perform classic " +"division without a warning; the warning will be turned on by default in " +"Python 2.3." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.2 支持一些命令行参数，用于测试代码是否能在除法语义改变的情况下正常工作。运行 Python 并使用 -Q warn " +"选项时，当对两个整数应用除法时会发出警告。你可以利用这个功能找到受影响的代码并进行修复。默认情况下，Python 2.2 " +"会执行经典除法而不会发出警告；在 Python 2.3 中，警告将默认开启。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:771 +msgid ":pep:`238` - Changing the Division Operator" +msgstr ":pep:`238`：改变除法运算符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:772 +msgid "" +"Written by Moshe Zadka and Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Guido van " +"Rossum.." +msgstr "由 Moshe Zadka 和 Guido van Rossum 撰写 ; 由 Guido van Rossum 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:778 +msgid "Unicode Changes" +msgstr "Unicode 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:780 +msgid "" +"Python's Unicode support has been enhanced a bit in 2.2. Unicode strings " +"are usually stored as UCS-2, as 16-bit unsigned integers. Python 2.2 can " +"also be compiled to use UCS-4, 32-bit unsigned integers, as its internal " +"encoding by supplying :option:`!--enable-unicode=ucs4` to the configure " +"script. (It's also possible to specify :option:`!--disable-unicode` to " +"completely disable Unicode support.)" +msgstr "" +"Python的Unicode支持在2.2版本中有所增强。Unicode字符串通常以UCS-2形式存储，即16位无符号整数。通过向配置脚本提供 " +":option:`!--enable-unicode=ucs4` 选项，Python " +"2.2也可以编译为使用UCS-4（32位无符号整数）作为其内部编码。（也可以指定 :option:`!--disable-unicode` " +"选项来完全禁用Unicode支持。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:787 +msgid "" +"When built to use UCS-4 (a \"wide Python\"), the interpreter can natively " +"handle Unicode characters from U+000000 to U+110000, so the range of legal " +"values for the :func:`!unichr` function is expanded accordingly. Using an " +"interpreter compiled to use UCS-2 (a \"narrow Python\"), values greater than" +" 65535 will still cause :func:`!unichr` to raise a :exc:`ValueError` " +"exception. This is all described in :pep:`261`, \"Support for 'wide' Unicode" +" characters\"; consult it for further details." +msgstr "" +"当构建为使用 UCS-4（称为“宽Python”）时，解释器可以原生处理从 U+000000 到 U+110000 的 Unicode 字符，因此 " +":func:`!unichr` 函数的合法值范围也相应扩大。 使用编译为 UCS-2（称为“窄Python”）的解释器时，值大于 65535 仍将导致 " +":func:`!unichr` 函数引发 :exc:`ValueError` 异常。 所有这些内容在 :pep:`261` " +"“支持‘宽’Unicode字符”中有详细描述；请查阅以获取更多细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:795 +msgid "" +"Another change is simpler to explain. Since their introduction, Unicode " +"strings have supported an :meth:`!encode` method to convert the string to a " +"selected encoding such as UTF-8 or Latin-1. A symmetric " +"``decode([*encoding*])`` method has been added to 8-bit strings (though not " +"to Unicode strings) in 2.2. :meth:`!decode` assumes that the string is in " +"the specified encoding and decodes it, returning whatever is returned by the" +" codec." +msgstr "" +"另一个变化的解释更为简单。 自引入以来，Unicode 字符串支持一个 :meth:`!encode` 方法，可以将字符串转换为选定的编码，如 " +"UTF-8 或 Latin-1。 在 2.2 版本中，为 8 位字符串（但不是Unicode字符串）添加了一个对称的 " +"``decode([*encoding*])`` 方法。 :meth:`!decode` " +"方法假定字符串使用指定的编码，并对其进行解码，返回由编解码器返回的内容。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:802 +msgid "" +"Using this new feature, codecs have been added for tasks not directly " +"related to Unicode. For example, codecs have been added for uu-encoding, " +"MIME's base64 encoding, and compression with the :mod:`zlib` module::" +msgstr "" +"利用这一新特性，编解码器被添加用于与Unicode不直接相关的任务。例如，已经添加了用于uu编码、MIME的base64编码以及使用 " +":mod:`zlib` 模块进行压缩的编解码器：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:806 +msgid "" +">>> s = \"\"\"Here is a lengthy piece of redundant, overly verbose,\n" +"... and repetitive text.\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> data = s.encode('zlib')\n" +">>> data\n" +"'x\\x9c\\r\\xc9\\xc1\\r\\x80 \\x10\\x04\\xc0?Ul...'\n" +">>> data.decode('zlib')\n" +"'Here is a lengthy piece of redundant, overly verbose,\\nand repetitive text.\\n'\n" +">>> print s.encode('uu')\n" +"begin 666 \n" +"M2&5R92!I=F5R8F]S92P*86YD(')E<&5T:71I=F4@=&5X=\"X*\n" +"\n" +"end\n" +">>> \"sheesh\".encode('rot-13')\n" +"'furrfu'" +msgstr "" +">>> s = \"\"\"Here is a lengthy piece of redundant, overly verbose,\n" +"... and repetitive text.\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> data = s.encode('zlib')\n" +">>> data\n" +"'x\\x9c\\r\\xc9\\xc1\\r\\x80 \\x10\\x04\\xc0?Ul...'\n" +">>> data.decode('zlib')\n" +"'Here is a lengthy piece of redundant, overly verbose,\\nand repetitive text.\\n'\n" +">>> print s.encode('uu')\n" +"begin 666 \n" +"M2&5R92!I=F5R8F]S92P*86YD(')E<&5T:71I=F4@=&5X=\"X*\n" +"\n" +"end\n" +">>> \"sheesh\".encode('rot-13')\n" +"'furrfu'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:823 +msgid "" +"To convert a class instance to Unicode, a :meth:`!__unicode__` method can be" +" defined by a class, analogous to :meth:`!__str__`." +msgstr "" +"要将类实例转换为Unicode，类可以定义一个 :meth:`!__unicode__` 方法，类似于 :meth:`!__str__` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:826 +msgid "" +":meth:`!encode`, :meth:`!decode`, and :meth:`!__unicode__` were implemented " +"by Marc-André Lemburg. The changes to support using UCS-4 internally were " +"implemented by Fredrik Lundh and Martin von Löwis." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!encode`、:meth:`!decode` 和 :meth:`!__unicode__` 方法由 Marc-André " +"Lemburg 实现。 支持内部使用 UCS-4 的更改由 Fredrik Lundh 和 Martin von Löwis 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:833 +msgid ":pep:`261` - Support for 'wide' Unicode characters" +msgstr ":pep:`261` - 对 '宽' Unicode 字符的支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:834 +msgid "Written by Paul Prescod." +msgstr "由 Paul Prescod 编写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:840 +msgid "PEP 227: Nested Scopes" +msgstr "PEP 227: 嵌套的作用域" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:842 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.1, statically nested scopes were added as an optional feature, " +"to be enabled by a ``from __future__ import nested_scopes`` directive. In " +"2.2 nested scopes no longer need to be specially enabled, and are now always" +" present. The rest of this section is a copy of the description of nested " +"scopes from my \"What's New in Python 2.1\" document; if you read it when " +"2.1 came out, you can skip the rest of this section." +msgstr "" +"在Python 2.1中，静态嵌套作用域作为一个可选特性被添加，需要通过 ``from __future__ import " +"nested_scopes`` 指令来启用。在2.2版本中，嵌套作用域不再需要特别启用，现在总是存在。本节的其余部分是从我的《Python " +"2.1的新特性》文档中复制的嵌套作用域描述；如果你在2.1发布时已经阅读过，可以跳过本节的其余部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:849 +msgid "" +"The largest change introduced in Python 2.1, and made complete in 2.2, is to" +" Python's scoping rules. In Python 2.0, at any given time there are at most" +" three namespaces used to look up variable names: local, module-level, and " +"the built-in namespace. This often surprised people because it didn't match" +" their intuitive expectations. For example, a nested recursive function " +"definition doesn't work::" +msgstr "" +"Python 2.1 中的最大改变是 Python 的作用域规则，在Python 2.2中得到完善。 在 Python 2.0 " +"中，任意给定的时刻至多使用三个命名空间来查找变量名称：局部、模块和内置命名空间。 这往往会导致令人吃惊的结果因为它与人们直觉上的预期不相匹配。 " +"例如，一个嵌套的递归函数将不起作用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:856 +msgid "" +"def f():\n" +" ...\n" +" def g(value):\n" +" ...\n" +" return g(value-1) + 1\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def f():\n" +" ...\n" +" def g(value):\n" +" ...\n" +" return g(value-1) + 1\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:863 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`!g` will always raise a :exc:`NameError` exception, " +"because the binding of the name ``g`` isn't in either its local namespace or" +" in the module-level namespace. This isn't much of a problem in practice " +"(how often do you recursively define interior functions like this?), but " +"this also made using the :keyword:`lambda` expression clumsier, and this was" +" a problem in practice. In code which uses :keyword:`!lambda` you can often " +"find local variables being copied by passing them as the default values of " +"arguments. ::" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`!g` 将始终引发 :exc:`NameError` 异常，因为名称 ``g`` " +"的绑定既不在其局部命名空间中，也不在模块级命名空间中。这在实际中并不是什么大问题（你有多常递归地定义这样的内部函数？），但这也使得使用 " +":keyword:`lambda` 表达式变得笨拙，这在实践中确实是个问题。在使用 :keyword:`!lambda` " +"的代码中，你经常可以看到局部变量通过将它们作为参数的默认值传递来进行复制。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:871 +msgid "" +"def find(self, name):\n" +" \"Return list of any entries equal to 'name'\"\n" +" L = filter(lambda x, name=name: x == name,\n" +" self.list_attribute)\n" +" return L" +msgstr "" +"def find(self, name):\n" +" \"Return list of any entries equal to 'name'\"\n" +" L = filter(lambda x, name=name: x == name,\n" +" self.list_attribute)\n" +" return L" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:877 +msgid "" +"The readability of Python code written in a strongly functional style " +"suffers greatly as a result." +msgstr "结果将会严重损害以高度函数式风格编写的 Python 代码的可读性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:880 +msgid "" +"The most significant change to Python 2.2 is that static scoping has been " +"added to the language to fix this problem. As a first effect, the " +"``name=name`` default argument is now unnecessary in the above example. Put" +" simply, when a given variable name is not assigned a value within a " +"function (by an assignment, or the :keyword:`def`, :keyword:`class`, or " +":keyword:`import` statements), references to the variable will be looked up " +"in the local namespace of the enclosing scope. A more detailed explanation " +"of the rules, and a dissection of the implementation, can be found in the " +"PEP." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.2 最显著的改变是增加了静态作用域这一语言特征来解决此问题。 作为它的第一项影响，在上述示例中的 ``name=name`` " +"默认参数现在将不再必要。 简单地说，当一个函数内部的给定变量名没有被赋值时（通过赋值语句，或者 :keyword:`def`, " +":keyword:`class` 或 :keyword:`import` 语句），对该变量的引用将在外层作用域的局部命名空间中查找。 " +"对于该规则的更详细解释，以及具体实现的分析，请参阅相应的 PEP。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:889 +msgid "" +"This change may cause some compatibility problems for code where the same " +"variable name is used both at the module level and as a local variable " +"within a function that contains further function definitions. This seems " +"rather unlikely though, since such code would have been pretty confusing to " +"read in the first place." +msgstr "" +"对于同时在模块层级和包含下层函数定义的函数内部局部变量使用了相同变量名的代码来说这项改变可能会导致一些兼容性问题。 " +"不过这看来不太可能发生，因为阅读这样的代码本来就会相当令人困惑。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:895 +msgid "" +"One side effect of the change is that the ``from module import *`` and " +"``exec`` statements have been made illegal inside a function scope under " +"certain conditions. The Python reference manual has said all along that " +"``from module import *`` is only legal at the top level of a module, but the" +" CPython interpreter has never enforced this before. As part of the " +"implementation of nested scopes, the compiler which turns Python source into" +" bytecodes has to generate different code to access variables in a " +"containing scope. ``from module import *`` and ``exec`` make it impossible " +"for the compiler to figure this out, because they add names to the local " +"namespace that are unknowable at compile time. Therefore, if a function " +"contains function definitions or :keyword:`lambda` expressions with free " +"variables, the compiler will flag this by raising a :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"exception." +msgstr "" +"此项改变的一个附带影响是在特定条件下函数作用域内部 ``from module import *`` 和 ``exec`` 语句将不允许使用。 " +"Python 参考手册已经写明 ``from module import *`` 仅在模块最高层级上是可用的，但此前 CPython " +"解释器从未强制实施此规则。 作为嵌套作用域具体实现的一部分，将 Python 源码转为字节码的编译器会生成不同的代码来访问某个包含作用域内的变量。 " +"``from module import *`` 和 ``exec`` 会使得编译器无法正确执行，因为它们会向局部命名空间添加在编译时还不存在的名称。 " +"为此，如果一个函数包含带有自由变量的函数定义或 :keyword:`lambda` 表达式，编译器将通过引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"异常来提示。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:908 +msgid "To make the preceding explanation a bit clearer, here's an example::" +msgstr "为了使前面的解释更清楚，下面是一个例子::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:910 +msgid "" +"x = 1\n" +"def f():\n" +" # The next line is a syntax error\n" +" exec 'x=2'\n" +" def g():\n" +" return x" +msgstr "" +"x = 1\n" +"def f():\n" +" # 下一行有语法错误\n" +" exec 'x=2'\n" +" def g():\n" +" return x" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:917 +msgid "" +"Line 4 containing the ``exec`` statement is a syntax error, since ``exec`` " +"would define a new local variable named ``x`` whose value should be accessed" +" by :func:`!g`." +msgstr "" +"包含 ``exec`` 语句的第 4 行有语法错误，因为 ``exec`` 会定义一个名为 ``x`` 的新局部变量，它的值应当被 :func:`!g`" +" 所访问。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:921 +msgid "" +"This shouldn't be much of a limitation, since ``exec`` is rarely used in " +"most Python code (and when it is used, it's often a sign of a poor design " +"anyway)." +msgstr "这应该不会是太大的限制，因为 ``exec`` 在多数 Python 代码中都极少被使用（而当它被使用时，往往也是个存在糟糕设计的信号）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:928 +msgid ":pep:`227` - Statically Nested Scopes" +msgstr ":pep:`227` - 静态嵌套作用域" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:929 +msgid "Written and implemented by Jeremy Hylton." +msgstr "由 Jeremy Hylton 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:935 +msgid "New and Improved Modules" +msgstr "新增和改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:937 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpclib ` module was contributed to the standard " +"library by Fredrik Lundh, providing support for writing XML-RPC clients. " +"XML-RPC is a simple remote procedure call protocol built on top of HTTP and " +"XML. For example, the following snippet retrieves a list of RSS channels " +"from the O'Reilly Network, and then lists the recent headlines for one " +"channel::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`xmlrpclib ` 模块由 Fredrik Lundh 贡献给标准库，提供了编写 XML-RPC " +"客户端的支持。 XML-RPC 是一种建立在 HTTP 和 XML 之上的简单远程过程调用协议。 例如，以下代码片段从 O'Reilly Network" +" 检索 RSS 频道列表，然后列出一个频道的最新头条新闻：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:943 +msgid "" +"import xmlrpclib\n" +"s = xmlrpclib.Server(\n" +" 'http://www.oreillynet.com/meerkat/xml-rpc/server.php')\n" +"channels = s.meerkat.getChannels()\n" +"# channels is a list of dictionaries, like this:\n" +"# [{'id': 4, 'title': 'Freshmeat Daily News'}\n" +"# {'id': 190, 'title': '32Bits Online'},\n" +"# {'id': 4549, 'title': '3DGamers'}, ... ]\n" +"\n" +"# Get the items for one channel\n" +"items = s.meerkat.getItems( {'channel': 4} )\n" +"\n" +"# 'items' is another list of dictionaries, like this:\n" +"# [{'link': 'http://freshmeat.net/releases/52719/',\n" +"# 'description': 'A utility which converts HTML to XSL FO.',\n" +"# 'title': 'html2fo 0.3 (Default)'}, ... ]" +msgstr "" +"import xmlrpclib\n" +"s = xmlrpclib.Server(\n" +" 'http://www.oreillynet.com/meerkat/xml-rpc/server.php')\n" +"channels = s.meerkat.getChannels()\n" +"# channels 是由字典组成的列表，就像这样：\n" +"# [{'id': 4, 'title': 'Freshmeat Daily News'}\n" +"# {'id': 190, 'title': '32Bits Online'},\n" +"# {'id': 4549, 'title': '3DGamers'}, ... ]\n" +"\n" +"# 从获取一个 channel 的条目\n" +"items = s.meerkat.getItems( {'channel': 4} )\n" +"\n" +"# 'items' 是另一个由字典组成的列表，就像这样：\n" +"# [{'link': 'http://freshmeat.net/releases/52719/',\n" +"# 'description': 'A utility which converts HTML to XSL FO.',\n" +"# 'title': 'html2fo 0.3 (Default)'}, ... ]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:960 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`SimpleXMLRPCServer ` module makes it easy to create" +" straightforward XML-RPC servers. See http://xmlrpc.scripting.com/ for more" +" information about XML-RPC." +msgstr "" +":mod:`SimpleXMLRPCServer ` 模块使创建简单的 XML-RPC 服务器变得容易。 有关 XML-" +"RPC 的更多信息，请参见 http://xmlrpc.scripting.com/。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:963 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`hmac` module implements the HMAC algorithm described by " +":rfc:`2104`. (Contributed by Gerhard Häring.)" +msgstr "新的 :mod:`hmac` 模块实现了由 :rfc:`2104` 描述的HMAC算法。（由Gerhard Häring贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:966 +msgid "" +"Several functions that originally returned lengthy tuples now return pseudo-" +"sequences that still behave like tuples but also have mnemonic attributes " +"such as :attr:`!memberst_mtime` or :attr:`~time.struct_time.tm_year`. The " +"enhanced functions include :func:`~os.stat`, :func:`~os.fstat`, " +":func:`~os.statvfs`, and :func:`~os.fstatvfs` in the :mod:`os` module, and " +":func:`~time.localtime`, :func:`~time.gmtime`, and :func:`~time.strptime` in" +" the :mod:`time` module." +msgstr "" +"几个最初返回长元组的函数现在返回伪序列，这些伪序列仍然像元组一样工作，但也具有助记属性，例如 :attr:`!memberst_mtime` 或 " +":attr:`~time.struct_time.tm_year`。增强的函数包括 :mod:`os` 模块中的 " +":func:`~os.stat`、:func:`~os.fstat`、:func:`~os.statvfs` 和 " +":func:`~os.fstatvfs`，以及 :mod:`time` 模块中的 " +":func:`~time.localtime`、:func:`~time.gmtime` 和 :func:`~time.strptime`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:973 +msgid "" +"For example, to obtain a file's size using the old tuples, you'd end up " +"writing something like ``file_size = os.stat(filename)[stat.ST_SIZE]``, but " +"now this can be written more clearly as ``file_size = " +"os.stat(filename).st_size``." +msgstr "" +"例如，使用旧的元组来获取文件的大小时，你可能会写成 ``file_size = os.stat(filename)[stat.ST_SIZE]`` " +"，但现在可以更清晰地写成 ``file_size = os.stat(filename).st_size``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:977 +msgid "The original patch for this feature was contributed by Nick Mathewson." +msgstr "此特性的初始补丁由 Nick Mathewson 贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:979 +msgid "" +"The Python profiler has been extensively reworked and various errors in its " +"output have been corrected. (Contributed by Fred L. Drake, Jr. and Tim " +"Peters.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 的分析器进行了大量的重构，并纠正了其输出中的各种错误。（由 Fred L. Drake, Jr. 和 Tim Peters 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:982 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module can be compiled to support IPv6; specify the " +":option:`!--enable-ipv6` option to Python's configure script. (Contributed " +"by Jun-ichiro \"itojun\" Hagino.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`socket` 模块可以编译为支持IPv6；为Python的配置脚本指定 :option:`!--enable-ipv6` " +"选项。（由Jun-ichiro \"itojun\" Hagino贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:986 +msgid "" +"Two new format characters were added to the :mod:`struct` module for 64-bit " +"integers on platforms that support the C :c:expr:`long long` type. ``q`` is" +" for a signed 64-bit integer, and ``Q`` is for an unsigned one. The value " +"is returned in Python's long integer type. (Contributed by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "" +"在支持 C 语言 long long 类型的平台上，为 64 位整数添加了两个新的格式字符到 :mod:`struct` 模块。 ``q`` 用于有符号" +" 64 位整数，``Q`` 用于无符号 64 位整数。返回的值是 Python 的长整数类型。（由 Tim Peters 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:991 +msgid "" +"In the interpreter's interactive mode, there's a new built-in function " +":func:`help` that uses the :mod:`pydoc` module introduced in Python 2.1 to " +"provide interactive help. ``help(object)`` displays any available help text " +"about *object*. :func:`help` with no argument puts you in an online help " +"utility, where you can enter the names of functions, classes, or modules to " +"read their help text. (Contributed by Guido van Rossum, using Ka-Ping Yee's " +":mod:`pydoc` module.)" +msgstr "" +"在解释器的交互模式下，有一个新的内置函数 :func:`help`，它使用在Python 2.1 中引入的 :mod:`pydoc` " +"模块来提供交互式帮助。 ``help(object)`` 显示关于*object*的任何可用帮助文本。不带参数调用 :func:`help` " +"会进入一个在线帮助工具，在那里你可以输入函数、类或模块的名称来阅读它们的帮助文本。（由Guido van Rossum贡献，使用Ka-Ping Yee的" +" :mod:`pydoc` 模块。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:999 +msgid "" +"Various bugfixes and performance improvements have been made to the SRE " +"engine underlying the :mod:`re` module. For example, the :func:`re.sub` and" +" :func:`re.split` functions have been rewritten in C. Another contributed " +"patch speeds up certain Unicode character ranges by a factor of two, and a " +"new :meth:`~re.finditer` method that returns an iterator over all the non-" +"overlapping matches in a given string. (SRE is maintained by Fredrik " +"Lundh. The BIGCHARSET patch was contributed by Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" +"对 :mod:`re` 模块底层的 SRE 引擎进行了各种错误修复和性能改进。例如，:func:`re.sub` 和 :func:`re.split` " +"函数已用 C 语言重写。 另一个贡献的补丁将某些 Unicode 字符范围的速度提高了两倍，并新增了一个 :meth:`~re.finditer` " +"方法，该方法返回给定字符串中所有不重叠匹配的迭代器。（SRE 由 Fredrik Lundh 维护。 BIGCHARSET 补丁由 Martin von" +" Löwis 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`smtplib` module now supports :rfc:`2487`, \"Secure SMTP over " +"TLS\", so it's now possible to encrypt the SMTP traffic between a Python " +"program and the mail transport agent being handed a message. :mod:`smtplib`" +" also supports SMTP authentication. (Contributed by Gerhard Häring.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`smtplib` 模块现在支持 :rfc:`2487`：\"Secure SMTP over " +"TLS\"，因此现在可以加密Python程序与接收消息的邮件传输代理之间的SMTP流量。:mod:`smtplib` " +"还支持SMTP身份验证。（由Gerhard Häring贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`imaplib` module, maintained by Piers Lauder, has support for " +"several new extensions: the NAMESPACE extension defined in :rfc:`2342`, " +"SORT, GETACL and SETACL. (Contributed by Anthony Baxter and Michel " +"Pelletier.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`imaplib` 模块由 Piers Lauder 维护，支持几个新扩展: :rfc:`2342` 中定义的 NAMESPACE " +"扩展、SORT、GETACL和SETACL。（由 Anthony Baxter 和 Michel Pelletier 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1016 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!rfc822` module's parsing of email addresses is now compliant with" +" :rfc:`2822`, an update to :rfc:`822`. (The module's name is *not* going to" +" be changed to ``rfc2822``.) A new package, :mod:`email`, has also been " +"added for parsing and generating e-mail messages. (Contributed by Barry " +"Warsaw, and arising out of his work on Mailman.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!rfc822` 模块对电子邮件地址的解析现在符合 :rfc:`2822`，这是对 :rfc:`822` 的更新。（模块名称 *不会* " +"更改为 ``rfc2822``。） 新增了一个包 :mod:`email`，用于解析和生成电子邮件消息。（由 Barry Warsaw 贡献，并源于他在" +" Mailman 上的工作。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`difflib` module now contains a new :class:`!Differ` class for " +"producing human-readable lists of changes (a \"delta\") between two " +"sequences of lines of text. There are also two generator functions, " +":func:`!ndiff` and :func:`!restore`, which respectively return a delta from " +"two sequences, or one of the original sequences from a delta. (Grunt work " +"contributed by David Goodger, from ndiff.py code by Tim Peters who then did " +"the generatorization.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`difflib` 模块现在包含一个新的 :class:`!Differ` " +"类，用于生成两个文本行序列之间的可读性高的变更列表（“delta”）。 还有两个生成器函数，:func:`!ndiff` 和 " +":func:`!restore`，分别从两个序列返回一个 delta，或从一个 delta 返回其中一个原始序列。 （基础工作由 David " +"Goodger 贡献，基于 Tim Peters 的 ndiff.py 代码，后者进行了生成器化。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"New constants :const:`!ascii_letters`, :const:`!ascii_lowercase`, and " +":const:`!ascii_uppercase` were added to the :mod:`string` module. There " +"were several modules in the standard library that used " +":const:`!string.letters` to mean the ranges A-Za-z, but that assumption is " +"incorrect when locales are in use, because :const:`!string.letters` varies " +"depending on the set of legal characters defined by the current locale. The" +" buggy modules have all been fixed to use :const:`!ascii_letters` instead. " +"(Reported by an unknown person; fixed by Fred L. Drake, Jr.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :mod:`string` 模块增加了新的常量 :const:`!ascii_letters`, :const:`!ascii_lowercase`" +" 和 :const:`!ascii_uppercase`。 标准库中有一些模块使用 :const:`!string.letters` 来表示 " +"A-Za-z，但当使用不同语言区域时其含义并不正确，因为 :const:`!string.letters` " +"会根据当前语言区域所定义的合法字符集而发生变化。 这些有问题的模块已全部被修正为改用 :const:`!ascii_letters`。 " +"（由未知人士报告；由 Fred L. Drake, Jr. 修正）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1038 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`mimetypes` module now makes it easier to use alternative MIME-type" +" databases by the addition of a :class:`~mimetypes.MimeTypes` class, which " +"takes a list of filenames to be parsed. (Contributed by Fred L. Drake, Jr.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`mimetypes` 模块通过添加 :class:`~mimetypes.MimeTypes` 类让使用不同的 MIME " +"类型数据库更为容易，该类接受一个文件名列表供解析。 （由 Fred L. Drake, Jr. 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"A :class:`~threading.Timer` class was added to the :mod:`threading` module " +"that allows scheduling an activity to happen at some future time. " +"(Contributed by Itamar Shtull-Trauring.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~threading.Timer` 模块中新增了一个 :mod:`threading` 类，可以调度某个活动在未来某个时间发生。 （由 " +"Itamar Shtull-Trauring 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1050 +msgid "Interpreter Changes and Fixes" +msgstr "解释器的改变和修正" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"Some of the changes only affect people who deal with the Python interpreter " +"at the C level because they're writing Python extension modules, embedding " +"the interpreter, or just hacking on the interpreter itself. If you only " +"write Python code, none of the changes described here will affect you very " +"much." +msgstr "" +"有些变化只会影响那些在 C 级别处理 Python 解释器的人，因为他们正在编写 Python " +"扩展模块、嵌入解释器或仅仅是在修改解释器本身。如果你只编写 Python 代码，这里描述的变化对你几乎没有影响。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"Profiling and tracing functions can now be implemented in C, which can " +"operate at much higher speeds than Python-based functions and should reduce " +"the overhead of profiling and tracing. This will be of interest to authors" +" of development environments for Python. Two new C functions were added to " +"Python's API, :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` and :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace`. The" +" existing :func:`sys.setprofile` and :func:`sys.settrace` functions still " +"exist, and have simply been changed to use the new C-level interface. " +"(Contributed by Fred L. Drake, Jr.)" +msgstr "" +"性能分析和追踪函数现在可以用 C 语言来实现，相比基于 Python 的函数能够显著提高运行速度并能够减少性能分析和追踪的资源开销。 Python " +"开发环境的编写者对此将会很感兴趣。 Python 的 API 增加了两个新的 C 函数，:c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` 和 " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace`。 现有的 :func:`sys.setprofile` 和 :func:`sys.settrace`" +" 函数仍然存在，并已简单地更改为使用新的 C 层级接口。 （由 Fred L. Drake, Jr. 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1066 +msgid "" +"Another low-level API, primarily of interest to implementers of Python " +"debuggers and development tools, was added. " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Head` and :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Next` let " +"a caller walk through all the existing interpreter objects; " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_ThreadHead` and :c:func:`PyThreadState_Next` " +"allow looping over all the thread states for a given interpreter. " +"(Contributed by David Beazley.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了另一套低层级 API，它主要面向 Python 调试器和开发工具的实现者。 :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Head` 和" +" :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Next` " +"可让调用方访问所有现存的解释器对象；:c:func:`PyInterpreterState_ThreadHead` 和 " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_Next` 允许对某个解释器的所有线程状态执行循环。 （由 David Beazley 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1073 +msgid "" +"The C-level interface to the garbage collector has been changed to make it " +"easier to write extension types that support garbage collection and to debug" +" misuses of the functions. Various functions have slightly different " +"semantics, so a bunch of functions had to be renamed. Extensions that use " +"the old API will still compile but will *not* participate in garbage " +"collection, so updating them for 2.2 should be considered fairly high " +"priority." +msgstr "" +"垃圾收集器的 C 级接口已经发生了变化，使得编写支持垃圾收集的扩展类型和调试函数误用变得更容易。各种函数的语义略有不同，因此需要重命名一系列函数。使用旧" +" API 的扩展仍然可以编译，但不会参与垃圾收集，因此应优先考虑将它们更新为 2.2 版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"To upgrade an extension module to the new API, perform the following steps:" +msgstr "要将一个扩展模块升级至新 API，请执行下列步骤:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1082 +msgid "Rename :c:macro:`!Py_TPFLAGS_GC` to :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`." +msgstr "将 :c:macro:`!Py_TPFLAGS_GC` 重命名为 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"Use :c:func:`PyObject_GC_New` or :c:func:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` to allocate" +msgstr "使用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_New` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` 来分配" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1085 +msgid "objects, and :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` to deallocate them." +msgstr "对象，并使用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` 来释放它们。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"Rename :c:func:`!PyObject_GC_Init` to :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` and " +":c:func:`!PyObject_GC_Fini` to :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack`." +msgstr "" +"将 :c:func:`!PyObject_GC_Init` 重命名为 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` 并将 " +":c:func:`!PyObject_GC_Fini` 重命名为 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1090 +msgid "Remove :c:macro:`!PyGC_HEAD_SIZE` from object size calculations." +msgstr "从对象大小计算中移除 :c:macro:`!PyGC_HEAD_SIZE`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1092 +msgid "" +"Remove calls to :c:func:`!PyObject_AS_GC` and :c:func:`!PyObject_FROM_GC`." +msgstr "移除对 :c:func:`!PyObject_AS_GC` 和 :c:func:`!PyObject_FROM_GC` 的调用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1094 +msgid "" +"A new ``et`` format sequence was added to :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`; ``et``" +" takes both a parameter and an encoding name, and converts the parameter to " +"the given encoding if the parameter turns out to be a Unicode string, or " +"leaves it alone if it's an 8-bit string, assuming it to already be in the " +"desired encoding. This differs from the ``es`` format character, which " +"assumes that 8-bit strings are in Python's default ASCII encoding and " +"converts them to the specified new encoding. (Contributed by M.-A. Lemburg, " +"and used for the MBCS support on Windows described in the following " +"section.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 添加了一个新的 ``et`` 格式序列；``et`` " +"接受一个形参和一个编码格式名称，如果该形参值是一个 Unicode 字符串则将其转换为给定的编码格式，或者如果它是一个 8 " +"比特位字符串则让其保持原样，即假定它已经使用了适当的编码格式。 这不同于 ``es`` 格式字符，它假定该 8 比特位字符串是使用 Python 默认的" +" ASCII 编码格式并将其转换为指定的新编码格式。 （由 M.-A. Lemburg 贡献，用于下一节所描述的 Windows 上的 MBCS " +"支持。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1103 +msgid "" +"A different argument parsing function, :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple`, has been" +" added that's simpler and presumably faster. Instead of specifying a format" +" string, the caller simply gives the minimum and maximum number of arguments" +" expected, and a set of pointers to :c:expr:`PyObject*` variables that will " +"be filled in with argument values." +msgstr "" +"增加了一个不同的解析函数 :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple`，它更为简单并且应该也更为快速。 " +"调用方不必再指定格式字符串，而是简单地给出所预期参数的最小和最大数量，以及一组指向将以这些参数值来填充的 :c:expr:`PyObject*` " +"变量的指针。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"Two new flags :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` and :c:macro:`METH_O` are available in " +"method definition tables to simplify implementation of methods with no " +"arguments or a single untyped argument. Calling such methods is more " +"efficient than calling a corresponding method that uses " +":c:macro:`METH_VARARGS`. Also, the old :c:macro:`!METH_OLDARGS` style of " +"writing C methods is now officially deprecated." +msgstr "" +"在方法定义表中可使用两个新的旗标 :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` 和 :c:macro:`METH_O` " +"来简化无参数或只有单个未定类型参数的方法的实现。 调用这样的方法比调用使用 :c:macro:`METH_VARARGS` 的相应方法更高效。 " +"此外，编写 C 方法的旧风格 :c:macro:`!METH_OLDARGS` 现已正式被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"Two new wrapper functions, :c:func:`PyOS_snprintf` and " +":c:func:`PyOS_vsnprintf` were added to provide cross-platform " +"implementations for the relatively new :c:func:`snprintf` and " +":c:func:`vsnprintf` C lib APIs. In contrast to the standard " +":c:func:`sprintf` and :c:func:`!vsprintf` functions, the Python versions " +"check the bounds of the buffer used to protect against buffer overruns. " +"(Contributed by M.-A. Lemburg.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了两个包装器函数 :c:func:`PyOS_snprintf` 和 :c:func:`PyOS_vsnprintf` 以提供相对较新的 " +":c:func:`snprintf` 和 :c:func:`vsnprintf` C 库 API 的跨平台实现。 与标准的 " +":c:func:`sprintf` 和 :c:func:`!vsprintf` 函数相比，Python 版本会检查缓冲区边界用以防止缓冲区溢出。 （由 " +"M.-A. Lemburg 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`_PyTuple_Resize` function has lost an unused parameter, so now " +"it takes 2 parameters instead of 3. The third argument was never used, and " +"can simply be discarded when porting code from earlier versions to Python " +"2.2." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`_PyTuple_Resize` 函数去掉了一个未使用的形参，因此现在它接受 2 个形参而不是 3 个。 " +"第三个参数从未被使用，在将代码从较早的版本移植到 Python 2.2 时可以简单地丢弃它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1130 +msgid "Other Changes and Fixes" +msgstr "其他的改变和修正" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"As usual there were a bunch of other improvements and bugfixes scattered " +"throughout the source tree. A search through the CVS change logs finds " +"there were 527 patches applied and 683 bugs fixed between Python 2.1 and " +"2.2; 2.2.1 applied 139 patches and fixed 143 bugs; 2.2.2 applied 106 patches" +" and fixed 82 bugs. These figures are likely to be underestimates." +msgstr "" +"像往常一样，源代码树中散布着许多其他改进和错误修复。通过搜索 CVS 更改日志，可以发现 Python 2.1 到 2.2 之间应用了 527 " +"个补丁并修复了 683 个错误；2.2.1 应用了 139 个补丁并修复了 143 个错误；2.2.2 应用了 106 个补丁并修复了 82 " +"个错误。这些数字可能是低估的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1138 +msgid "Some of the more notable changes are:" +msgstr "一些较为重要的改变:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1140 +msgid "" +"The code for the MacOS port for Python, maintained by Jack Jansen, is now " +"kept in the main Python CVS tree, and many changes have been made to support" +" MacOS X." +msgstr "" +"适用于 MacOS 的 Python 移植代码现在保存在主 Python CVS 树中，由 Jack Jansen 维护，并且为了支持 MacOS " +"X，进行了许多更改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"The most significant change is the ability to build Python as a framework, " +"enabled by supplying the :option:`!--enable-framework` option to the " +"configure script when compiling Python. According to Jack Jansen, \"This " +"installs a self-contained Python installation plus the OS X framework " +"\"glue\" into :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework` (or another " +"location of choice). For now there is little immediate added benefit to this" +" (actually, there is the disadvantage that you have to change your PATH to " +"be able to find Python), but it is the basis for creating a full-blown " +"Python application, porting the MacPython IDE, possibly using Python as a " +"standard OSA scripting language and much more.\"" +msgstr "" +"最重要的变化是能够将 Python 作为框架来进行构建，这可以通过在编译 Python 时向配置脚本提供 :option:`!--enable-" +"framework` 选项来启用。 根据 Jack Jansen 的说法，“这会将一个独立的 Python 安装版加上 OS X 框架‘粘合起来’放到 " +":file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework` 中（或者其他选定的位置）。 " +"就目前而言这样做并没有什么直接的额外好处（实际上，这样做还存在必须更改 PATH 才能找到Python 的坏处），但它是创建完整的 Python " +"应用程序、移植 MacPython IDE、并可能使用 Python 作为标准 OSA 脚本语言及其他更多功能的基础。”" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"Most of the MacPython toolbox modules, which interface to MacOS APIs such as" +" windowing, QuickTime, scripting, etc. have been ported to OS X, but they've" +" been left commented out in :file:`setup.py`. People who want to experiment" +" with these modules can uncomment them manually." +msgstr "" +"作为 MacOS API 如 windowing, QuickTime, scripting 等的接口的许多 MacPython 工具箱模块已被移植到 " +"OS X，但它们在 :file:`setup.py` 中被注释掉了。 希望尝试这些模块的人可以手动取消注释它们。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"Keyword arguments passed to built-in functions that don't take them now " +"cause a :exc:`TypeError` exception to be raised, with the message " +"\"*function* takes no keyword arguments\"." +msgstr "" +"现在将关键字参数传给不接受它们的内置函数会导致引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常，并附带消息 \"*function* takes no " +"keyword arguments\"。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"Weak references, added in Python 2.1 as an extension module, are now part of" +" the core because they're used in the implementation of new-style classes. " +"The :exc:`ReferenceError` exception has therefore moved from the " +":mod:`weakref` module to become a built-in exception." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.1 中作为扩展模块加入的弱引用现在已成为核心组成部分，因为它们被用于新式类的实现。 为此 " +":exc:`ReferenceError` 异常也已从 :mod:`weakref` 模块移出成为一个内置异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"A new script, :file:`Tools/scripts/cleanfuture.py` by Tim Peters, " +"automatically removes obsolete ``__future__`` statements from Python source " +"code." +msgstr "" +"由 Tim Peters 编写的新脚本 :file:`Tools/scripts/cleanfuture.py` 可自动从 Python " +"源代码移除过时的 ``__future__`` 语句。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"An additional *flags* argument has been added to the built-in function " +":func:`compile`, so the behaviour of ``__future__`` statements can now be " +"correctly observed in simulated shells, such as those presented by IDLE and " +"other development environments. This is described in :pep:`264`. " +"(Contributed by Michael Hudson.)" +msgstr "" +"向内置函数 :func:`compile` 添加了一个额外的 *flags* 参数，以便现在 ``__future__`` 语句的行为能在模拟的 " +"shell，例如由 IDLE 和其他开发环境所提供的此类工具中被正确地观察。 此特性的描述参见 :pep:`264`。 （由 Michael " +"Hudson 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"The new license introduced with Python 1.6 wasn't GPL-compatible. This is " +"fixed by some minor textual changes to the 2.2 license, so it's now legal to" +" embed Python inside a GPLed program again. Note that Python itself is not " +"GPLed, but instead is under a license that's essentially equivalent to the " +"BSD license, same as it always was. The license changes were also applied " +"to the Python 2.0.1 and 2.1.1 releases." +msgstr "" +"Python 1.6 引入的新许可证与 GPL 不兼容。通过对 2.2 许可证进行一些小的文本修改，这个问题得以解决，因此现在可以合法地将 Python" +" 嵌入到 GPL 授权的程序中。请注意，Python 本身并不是在 GPL 授权下，而是采用一个与 BSD " +"许可证本质上等效的许可证，这与之前的情况一样。这些许可证更改也应用到了 Python 2.0.1 和 2.1.1 版本中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1203 +msgid "" +"When presented with a Unicode filename on Windows, Python will now convert " +"it to an MBCS encoded string, as used by the Microsoft file APIs. As MBCS " +"is explicitly used by the file APIs, Python's choice of ASCII as the default" +" encoding turns out to be an annoyance. On Unix, the locale's character set" +" is used if ``locale.nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` is available. (Windows support " +"was contributed by Mark Hammond with assistance from Marc-André Lemburg. " +"Unix support was added by Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，当 Python 遇到一个 Unicode 文件名时，现在会将其转换为 MBCS 编码的字符串，这种编码由 Microsoft " +"文件 API 使用。由于文件 API 明确使用 MBCS 编码，Python 默认选择 ASCII 作为编码方式显得很不方便。在 Unix 上，如果 " +"``locale.nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` 可用，Python 将使用本地字符集。（Windows 支持由 Mark Hammond" +" 提供，Marc-André Lemburg 提供协助。Unix 支持由 Martin von Löwis 添加。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1211 +msgid "" +"Large file support is now enabled on Windows. (Contributed by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "大文件支持目前已在 Windows 上启用。 （由 Tim Peters 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1213 +msgid "" +"The :file:`Tools/scripts/ftpmirror.py` script now parses a :file:`.netrc` " +"file, if you have one. (Contributed by Mike Romberg.)" +msgstr "" +":file:`Tools/scripts/ftpmirror.py` 脚本现在会解析 :file:`.netrc` 文件，如果存在的话。 （由 Mike" +" Romberg 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1216 +msgid "" +"Some features of the object returned by the :func:`!xrange` function are now" +" deprecated, and trigger warnings when they're accessed; they'll disappear " +"in Python 2.3. :class:`!xrange` objects tried to pretend they were full " +"sequence types by supporting slicing, sequence multiplication, and the " +":keyword:`in` operator, but these features were rarely used and therefore " +"buggy. The :meth:`!tolist` method and the :attr:`!start`, :attr:`!stop`, " +"and :attr:`!step` attributes are also being deprecated. At the C level, the" +" fourth argument to the :c:func:`!PyRange_New` function, ``repeat``, has " +"also been deprecated." +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`!xrange` 函数所返回的对象的某些特性现在已被弃用，当它们被访问时将会触发警告；它们将在 Python 2.3 中被去除。 " +":class:`!xrange` 对象曾试图伪装成完全的序列类型，支持切片、序列乘法以及 :keyword:`in` " +"运算符等，但这些特性很少被使用因而存在许多缺陷。 :meth:`!tolist` 方法以及 :attr:`!start`, :attr:`!stop` " +"和 :attr:`!step` 属性也已被弃用。 在 C 层级上，传给 :c:func:`!PyRange_New` 函数的第四个参数 " +"``repeat`` 也已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"There were a bunch of patches to the dictionary implementation, mostly to " +"fix potential core dumps if a dictionary contains objects that sneakily " +"changed their hash value, or mutated the dictionary they were contained in. " +"For a while python-dev fell into a gentle rhythm of Michael Hudson finding a" +" case that dumped core, Tim Peters fixing the bug, Michael finding another " +"case, and round and round it went." +msgstr "" +"字典实现中有一堆补丁，主要是为了修复潜在的核心转储问题，这些问题发生在字典中包含的对象悄悄改变其哈希值，或者在它们所包含的字典中发生突变时。那段时间，python-" +"dev 邮件列表进入了一个微妙的节奏：Michael Hudson 发现一个导致核心转储的案例，Tim Peters 修复这个 bug，接着 " +"Michael 又发现另一个案例，如此反复循环。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"On Windows, Python can now be compiled with Borland C thanks to a number of " +"patches contributed by Stephen Hansen, though the result isn't fully " +"functional yet. (But this *is* progress...)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，Python 现在可以使用 Borland C 编译，这要归功于 Stephen Hansen " +"提供的多个补丁，尽管结果还不完全可用。（但这*确实*是一个进步……）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"Another Windows enhancement: Wise Solutions generously offered PythonLabs " +"use of their InstallerMaster 8.1 system. Earlier PythonLabs Windows " +"installers used Wise 5.0a, which was beginning to show its age. (Packaged " +"up by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "" +"另一个 Windows 改进：Wise Solutions 慷慨地向 PythonLabs 提供了他们的 InstallerMaster 8.1 " +"系统。早期的 PythonLabs Windows 安装程序使用的是 Wise 5.0a，已经开始显得过时。（由 Tim Peters 打包。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"Files ending in ``.pyw`` can now be imported on Windows. ``.pyw`` is a " +"Windows-only thing, used to indicate that a script needs to be run using " +"PYTHONW.EXE instead of PYTHON.EXE in order to prevent a DOS console from " +"popping up to display the output. This patch makes it possible to import " +"such scripts, in case they're also usable as modules. (Implemented by David" +" Bolen.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上现在将会导入以 ``.pyw`` 结尾的文件。 ``.pyw`` 是 Windows 专属的，用来指明一个脚本需要使用 " +"PYTHONW.EXE 而不是 PYTHON.EXE 来运行以避免弹出 DOS 控制台来显示输出。 " +"该补丁使得导入这样的脚本成为可能，让它们也可以作为模块来使用。 （由 David Bolen 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1246 +msgid "" +"On platforms where Python uses the C :c:func:`dlopen` function to load " +"extension modules, it's now possible to set the flags used by " +":c:func:`dlopen` using the :func:`sys.getdlopenflags` and " +":func:`sys.setdlopenflags` functions. (Contributed by Bram Stolk.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 会使用 C :c:func:`dlopen` 函数来加载扩展模块的平台上，现在可以使用 " +":func:`sys.getdlopenflags` 和 :func:`sys.setdlopenflags` 等函数来设置 " +":c:func:`dlopen` 所使用的旗标。 （由 Bram Stolk 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"The :func:`pow` built-in function no longer supports 3 arguments when " +"floating-point numbers are supplied. ``pow(x, y, z)`` returns ``(x**y) % " +"z``, but this is never useful for floating-point numbers, and the final " +"result varies unpredictably depending on the platform. A call such as " +"``pow(2.0, 8.0, 7.0)`` will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception." +msgstr "" +"当传入浮点数时 :func:`pow` 内置函数已不再支持 3 个参数。 ``pow(x, y, z)`` 将返回 ``(x**y) % " +"z``，但这对于浮点数来说没有用处，并且其最终结果会因具体平台的不同而产生不可预料的变化。 现在 ``pow(2.0, 8.0, 7.0)`` " +"这样的调用将会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1261 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.2.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article:" +" Fred Bremmer, Keith Briggs, Andrew Dalke, Fred L. Drake, Jr., Carel " +"Fellinger, David Goodger, Mark Hammond, Stephen Hansen, Michael Hudson, Jack" +" Jansen, Marc-André Lemburg, Martin von Löwis, Fredrik Lundh, Michael McLay," +" Nick Mathewson, Paul Moore, Gustavo Niemeyer, Don O'Donnell, Joonas " +"Paalasma, Tim Peters, Jens Quade, Tom Reinhardt, Neil Schemenauer, Guido van" +" Rossum, Greg Ward, Edward Welbourne." +msgstr "" +"作者感谢以下人员为本文的各种草案提供建议，更正和帮助： Fred Bremmer, Keith Briggs, Andrew Dalke, Fred " +"L. Drake, Jr., Carel Fellinger, David Goodger, Mark Hammond, Stephen Hansen," +" Michael Hudson, Jack Jansen, Marc-André Lemburg, Martin von Löwis, Fredrik " +"Lundh, Michael McLay, Nick Mathewson, Paul Moore, Gustavo Niemeyer, Don " +"O'Donnell, Joonas Paalasma, Tim Peters, Jens Quade, Tom Reinhardt, Neil " +"Schemenauer, Guido van Rossum, Greg Ward, Edward Welbourne." diff --git a/whatsnew/2.3.po b/whatsnew/2.3.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c460da79f --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.3.po @@ -0,0 +1,3712 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Chang Ye , 2021 +# Naisen Xu <723648649@qq.com>, 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-12-20 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:3 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.3" +msgstr "Python 2.3 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:5 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:11 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 2.3. Python 2.3 was " +"released on July 29, 2003." +msgstr "本文介绍了 Python 2.3 的新特性。 Python 2.3 发布于 2003 年 7 月 29 日。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:14 +msgid "" +"The main themes for Python 2.3 are polishing some of the features added in " +"2.2, adding various small but useful enhancements to the core language, and " +"expanding the standard library. The new object model introduced in the " +"previous version has benefited from 18 months of bugfixes and from " +"optimization efforts that have improved the performance of new-style " +"classes. A few new built-in functions have been added such as :func:`sum` " +"and :func:`enumerate`. The :keyword:`in` operator can now be used for " +"substring searches (e.g. ``\"ab\" in \"abc\"`` returns :const:`True`)." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.3 的主要主题是完善在 2.2 中添加的一些功能、为核心语言添加各种小但实用的增强功能，以及扩展标准库。 " +"上一版本引入的新对象模型已经受益于 18 个月的错误修复和优化努力，这些优化提升了新式类的性能。 新增了几个内置函数，例如 :func:`sum` 和 " +":func:`enumerate`。 :keyword:`in` 操作符现在可以用于子字符串搜索 (例如，``\"ab\" in \"abc\"`` " +"将返回 :const:`True`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:23 +msgid "" +"Some of the many new library features include Boolean, set, heap, and " +"date/time data types, the ability to import modules from ZIP-format " +"archives, metadata support for the long-awaited Python catalog, an updated " +"version of IDLE, and modules for logging messages, wrapping text, parsing " +"CSV files, processing command-line options, using BerkeleyDB databases... " +"the list of new and enhanced modules is lengthy." +msgstr "" +"许多新库功能包括布尔值、集合、堆、日期/时间数据类型，从ZIP格式的归档文件中导入模块的能力，期待已久的 Python 目录的元数据支持，更新版本的 " +"IDLE，以及用于日志记录、文本包装、解析 CSV 文件、处理命令行选项、使用 BerkeleyDB 数据库的模块…… 新模块和增强模块的列表相当长。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:30 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of the new " +"features, but instead provides a convenient overview. For full details, you" +" should refer to the documentation for Python 2.3, such as the Python " +"Library Reference and the Python Reference Manual. If you want to " +"understand the complete implementation and design rationale, refer to the " +"PEP for a particular new feature." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供对新功能的完整规范，而是提供了一个方便的概览。 有关详细信息，你应该参考 Python 2.3 的文档，例如 Python 库参考和 " +"Python 参考手册。 如果你想了解完整的实现和设计原理，请参阅特定新功能的 PEP。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:41 +msgid "PEP 218: A Standard Set Datatype" +msgstr "PEP 218: 标准集合数据类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:43 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`!sets` module contains an implementation of a set datatype. " +"The :class:`Set` class is for mutable sets, sets that can have members added" +" and removed. The :class:`!ImmutableSet` class is for sets that can't be " +"modified, and instances of :class:`!ImmutableSet` can therefore be used as " +"dictionary keys. Sets are built on top of dictionaries, so the elements " +"within a set must be hashable." +msgstr "" +"新的 :mod:`!sets` 模块包含一个集合数据类型的实现。 :class:`Set` 类用于可变集合，即可以添加和删除成员的集合。 " +":class:`!ImmutableSet` 类用于不可修改的集合，因此 :class:`!ImmutableSet` 的实例可以用作字典的键。 " +"集合是基于字典构建的，因此集合中的元素必须是可哈希的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:50 +msgid "Here's a simple example::" +msgstr "这是一个简单的示例：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:52 +msgid "" +">>> import sets\n" +">>> S = sets.Set([1,2,3])\n" +">>> S\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3])\n" +">>> 1 in S\n" +"True\n" +">>> 0 in S\n" +"False\n" +">>> S.add(5)\n" +">>> S.remove(3)\n" +">>> S\n" +"Set([1, 2, 5])\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> import sets\n" +">>> S = sets.Set([1,2,3])\n" +">>> S\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3])\n" +">>> 1 in S\n" +"True\n" +">>> 0 in S\n" +"False\n" +">>> S.add(5)\n" +">>> S.remove(3)\n" +">>> S\n" +"Set([1, 2, 5])\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:66 +msgid "" +"The union and intersection of sets can be computed with the " +":meth:`~frozenset.union` and :meth:`~frozenset.intersection` methods; an " +"alternative notation uses the bitwise operators ``&`` and ``|``. Mutable " +"sets also have in-place versions of these methods, :meth:`!union_update` and" +" :meth:`~frozenset.intersection_update`. ::" +msgstr "" +"集合的并集和交集可以通过 :meth:`~frozenset.union` 和 :meth:`~frozenset.intersection` " +"方法计算；另一种表示法是使用按位操作符 ``&`` 和 ``|``。 可变集合还具有这些方法的原地版本，分别为 " +":meth:`!union_update` 和 :meth:`~frozenset.intersection_update`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:71 +msgid "" +">>> S1 = sets.Set([1,2,3])\n" +">>> S2 = sets.Set([4,5,6])\n" +">>> S1.union(S2)\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])\n" +">>> S1 | S2 # Alternative notation\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])\n" +">>> S1.intersection(S2)\n" +"Set([])\n" +">>> S1 & S2 # Alternative notation\n" +"Set([])\n" +">>> S1.union_update(S2)\n" +">>> S1\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> S1 = sets.Set([1,2,3])\n" +">>> S2 = sets.Set([4,5,6])\n" +">>> S1.union(S2)\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])\n" +">>> S1 | S2 # 替代写法\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])\n" +">>> S1.intersection(S2)\n" +"Set([])\n" +">>> S1 & S2 # 替代写法\n" +"Set([])\n" +">>> S1.union_update(S2)\n" +">>> S1\n" +"Set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:86 +msgid "" +"It's also possible to take the symmetric difference of two sets. This is " +"the set of all elements in the union that aren't in the intersection. " +"Another way of putting it is that the symmetric difference contains all " +"elements that are in exactly one set. Again, there's an alternative " +"notation (``^``), and an in-place version with the ungainly name " +":meth:`~frozenset.symmetric_difference_update`. ::" +msgstr "" +"还可以计算两个集合的对称差集。 这是并集中不在交集中的所有元素。 换句话说，对称差集包含所有只在一个集合中的元素。 " +"同样，还有一种替代表示法是使用按位操作符 (``^``)，并且有一个原地修改版本，名字比较长，叫 " +":meth:`~frozenset.symmetric_difference_update`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:92 +msgid "" +">>> S1 = sets.Set([1,2,3,4])\n" +">>> S2 = sets.Set([3,4,5,6])\n" +">>> S1.symmetric_difference(S2)\n" +"Set([1, 2, 5, 6])\n" +">>> S1 ^ S2\n" +"Set([1, 2, 5, 6])\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> S1 = sets.Set([1,2,3,4])\n" +">>> S2 = sets.Set([3,4,5,6])\n" +">>> S1.symmetric_difference(S2)\n" +"Set([1, 2, 5, 6])\n" +">>> S1 ^ S2\n" +"Set([1, 2, 5, 6])\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:100 +msgid "" +"There are also :meth:`!issubset` and :meth:`!issuperset` methods for " +"checking whether one set is a subset or superset of another::" +msgstr "" +"另外还有 :meth:`!issubset` 和 :meth:`!issuperset` 方法用来检查一个集合是否为另一个集合的子集或超集::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:103 +msgid "" +">>> S1 = sets.Set([1,2,3])\n" +">>> S2 = sets.Set([2,3])\n" +">>> S2.issubset(S1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> S1.issubset(S2)\n" +"False\n" +">>> S1.issuperset(S2)\n" +"True\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> S1 = sets.Set([1,2,3])\n" +">>> S2 = sets.Set([2,3])\n" +">>> S2.issubset(S1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> S1.issubset(S2)\n" +"False\n" +">>> S1.issuperset(S2)\n" +"True\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:116 +msgid ":pep:`218` - Adding a Built-In Set Object Type" +msgstr ":pep:`218` - 添加内置Set对象类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:117 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Greg V. Wilson. Implemented by Greg V. Wilson, Alex Martelli," +" and GvR." +msgstr "PEP 由 Greg V. Wilson 撰写 ; 由 Greg V. Wilson, Alex Martelli 和 GvR 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:126 +msgid "PEP 255: Simple Generators" +msgstr "PEP 255: 简单的生成器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:128 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.2, generators were added as an optional feature, to be enabled " +"by a ``from __future__ import generators`` directive. In 2.3 generators no " +"longer need to be specially enabled, and are now always present; this means " +"that :keyword:`yield` is now always a keyword. The rest of this section is " +"a copy of the description of generators from the \"What's New in Python " +"2.2\" document; if you read it back when Python 2.2 came out, you can skip " +"the rest of this section." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.2 中，生成器作为一个可选特性被添加，需要通过 ``from __future__ import generators`` " +"指令来启用。 在 2.3 版本中，生成器不再需要特别启用，现在总是存在；这意味着 :keyword:`yield` 现在始终是一个关键字。 " +"本节的其余部分是从《Python 2.2的新特性》文档中复制的生成器描述；如果你在 Python 2.2 发布时已经阅读过，可以跳过本节的其余部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:136 +msgid "" +"You're doubtless familiar with how function calls work in Python or C. When " +"you call a function, it gets a private namespace where its local variables " +"are created. When the function reaches a :keyword:`return` statement, the " +"local variables are destroyed and the resulting value is returned to the " +"caller. A later call to the same function will get a fresh new set of local" +" variables. But, what if the local variables weren't thrown away on exiting " +"a function? What if you could later resume the function where it left off? " +"This is what generators provide; they can be thought of as resumable " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"你一定熟悉在 Python 或 C 语言中函数调用的工作方式。 当你调用一个函数时，它会获得一个私有命名空间，在这个命名空间中创建其局部变量。 " +"当函数执行到 :keyword:`return` 语句时，这些局部变量会被销毁，并将结果值返回给调用者。 " +"稍后对同一个函数的调用将获得一套全新的局部变量。 " +"但是，如果局部变量在函数退出时不被丢弃呢？如果你可以在函数停止的地方稍后恢复执行呢？这就是生成器所提供的功能；它们可以被视为可恢复的函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:145 +msgid "Here's the simplest example of a generator function::" +msgstr "这里是一个生成器函数的最简示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:147 +msgid "" +"def generate_ints(N):\n" +" for i in range(N):\n" +" yield i" +msgstr "" +"def generate_ints(N):\n" +" for i in range(N):\n" +" yield i" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:151 +msgid "" +"A new keyword, :keyword:`yield`, was introduced for generators. Any " +"function containing a :keyword:`!yield` statement is a generator function; " +"this is detected by Python's bytecode compiler which compiles the function " +"specially as a result." +msgstr "" +"一个新的关键字 :keyword:`yield` 被引入用于生成器。 任何包含 :keyword:`!yield` 语句的函数都是生成器函数；这由 " +"Python 的字节码编译器检测到，并因此对函数进行特殊编译。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:156 +msgid "" +"When you call a generator function, it doesn't return a single value; " +"instead it returns a generator object that supports the iterator protocol. " +"On executing the :keyword:`yield` statement, the generator outputs the value" +" of ``i``, similar to a :keyword:`return` statement. The big difference " +"between :keyword:`!yield` and a :keyword:`!return` statement is that on " +"reaching a :keyword:`!yield` the generator's state of execution is suspended" +" and local variables are preserved. On the next call to the generator's " +"``.next()`` method, the function will resume executing immediately after the" +" :keyword:`!yield` statement. (For complicated reasons, the " +":keyword:`!yield` statement isn't allowed inside the :keyword:`try` block of" +" a :keyword:`!try`...\\ :keyword:`!finally` statement; read :pep:`255` for a" +" full explanation of the interaction between :keyword:`!yield` and " +"exceptions.)" +msgstr "" +"当您调用生成器函数时，它不会返回一个单独的值；相反，它会返回一个支持迭代器协议的生成器对象。在执行 :keyword:`yield` " +"语句时，生成器会输出 ``i`` 的值 ，类似于 :keyword:`return` 语句。 :keyword:`!yield` 与 " +":keyword:`!return` 语句之间的最大区别在于，在到达 :keyword:`!yield` 时，生成器的执行状态会暂停，并保留本地变量。 " +"在下一次调用生成器 的 ``.next()`` 方法时，函数将在 :keyword:`!yield` 语句之后立即恢复执行。 " +"（由于复杂的原因，:keyword:`!yield` 语句不允许在 :keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`!finally` " +"语句的 :keyword:`!try` 代码块内出现；有关 :keyword:`!yield` 和异常之间交互的完整解释，请阅读 " +":pep:`255`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:169 +msgid "Here's a sample usage of the :func:`!generate_ints` generator::" +msgstr "下面是 :func:`!generate_ints` 生成器的用法示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:171 +msgid "" +">>> gen = generate_ints(3)\n" +">>> gen\n" +"\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"0\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"2\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 1, in ?\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 2, in generate_ints\n" +"StopIteration" +msgstr "" +">>> gen = generate_ints(3)\n" +">>> gen\n" +"\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"0\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"2\n" +">>> gen.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 1, in ?\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 2, in generate_ints\n" +"StopIteration" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:186 +msgid "" +"You could equally write ``for i in generate_ints(5)``, or ``a,b,c = " +"generate_ints(3)``." +msgstr "" +"你可以等价地写成 ``for i in generate_ints(5)`` 或 ``a,b,c = generate_ints(3)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:189 +msgid "" +"Inside a generator function, the :keyword:`return` statement can only be " +"used without a value, and signals the end of the procession of values; " +"afterwards the generator cannot return any further values. " +":keyword:`!return` with a value, such as ``return 5``, is a syntax error " +"inside a generator function. The end of the generator's results can also be" +" indicated by raising :exc:`StopIteration` manually, or by just letting the " +"flow of execution fall off the bottom of the function." +msgstr "" +"在生成器函数内部， :keyword:`return` " +"语句只能不带值使用，并表示值的生成过程结束；之后，生成器不能再返回任何值。在生成器函数内部，带值的 :keyword:`!return`，例如 " +"``return 5``，是语法错误。生成器结果的结束也可以通过手动引发 :exc:`StopIteration` " +"异常来指示，或者只是让执行流自然地从函数底部流出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:197 +msgid "" +"You could achieve the effect of generators manually by writing your own " +"class and storing all the local variables of the generator as instance " +"variables. For example, returning a list of integers could be done by " +"setting ``self.count`` to 0, and having the :meth:`next` method increment " +"``self.count`` and return it. However, for a moderately complicated " +"generator, writing a corresponding class would be much messier. " +":file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` contains a number of more interesting " +"examples. The simplest one implements an in-order traversal of a tree using" +" generators recursively. ::" +msgstr "" +"你可以通过编写自己的类并将生成器的所有局部变量存储为实例变量，手动实现生成器的效果。例如，返回一个整数列表可以通过将 ``self.count`` " +"设置为0，并让 :meth:`next` 方法递增 ``self.count`` " +"并返回它。然而，对于一个中等复杂的生成器，编写一个相应的类将会更加混乱。:file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` " +"包含了一些更有趣的例子。其中最简单的一个使用生成器递归实现了树的中序遍历：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:206 +msgid "" +"# A recursive generator that generates Tree leaves in in-order.\n" +"def inorder(t):\n" +" if t:\n" +" for x in inorder(t.left):\n" +" yield x\n" +" yield t.label\n" +" for x in inorder(t.right):\n" +" yield x" +msgstr "" +"# 一个递归地按顺序生成 Tree 叶子节点的生成器。\n" +"def inorder(t):\n" +" if t:\n" +" for x in inorder(t.left):\n" +" yield x\n" +" yield t.label\n" +" for x in inorder(t.right):\n" +" yield x" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Two other examples in :file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` produce solutions " +"for the N-Queens problem (placing $N$ queens on an $NxN$ chess board so that" +" no queen threatens another) and the Knight's Tour (a route that takes a " +"knight to every square of an $NxN$ chessboard without visiting any square " +"twice)." +msgstr "" +"在 :file:`Lib/test/test_generators.py` " +"中还有另外两个例子，它们分别解决了N皇后问题（在$NxN$的棋盘上放置$N$个皇后，使得没有任何皇后威胁到其他皇后）和骑士巡游问题（在$NxN$的棋盘上，骑士访问每一个方格且不重复访问任何方格的路径）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:220 +msgid "" +"The idea of generators comes from other programming languages, especially " +"Icon (https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/), where the idea of generators is " +"central. In Icon, every expression and function call behaves like a " +"generator. One example from \"An Overview of the Icon Programming " +"Language\" at https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/docs/ipd266.htm gives an idea" +" of what this looks like::" +msgstr "" +"生成器的概念源自其他编程语言，尤其是 Icon（https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/ ），在 Icon " +"语言中，生成器的概念是核心。在 Icon 中，每个表达式和函数调用生成器的概念源自其他编程语言，尤其是 Icon。 在 Icon " +"中，每个表达式和函数调用都可以表现得像一个生成器。 以下是来自“Icon 编程语言概述”中的一个示例，展示了生成器的用法 " +"https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/icon/docs/ipd266.htm ：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:227 +msgid "" +"sentence := \"Store it in the neighboring harbor\"\n" +"if (i := find(\"or\", sentence)) > 5 then write(i)" +msgstr "" +"sentence := \"Store it in the neighboring harbor\"\n" +"if (i := find(\"or\", sentence)) > 5 then write(i)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:230 +msgid "" +"In Icon the :func:`!find` function returns the indexes at which the " +"substring \"or\" is found: 3, 23, 33. In the :keyword:`if` statement, ``i``" +" is first assigned a value of 3, but 3 is less than 5, so the comparison " +"fails, and Icon retries it with the second value of 23. 23 is greater than " +"5, so the comparison now succeeds, and the code prints the value 23 to the " +"screen." +msgstr "" +"在Icon中，:func:`!find` 函数返回子字符串\"or\"所在的索引：3、23、33。在 :keyword:`if` 语句中，``i`` " +"首先被赋值为 3，但 3 小于 5，因此比较失败，Icon 会使用第二个值 23 进行重试。 23 大于 5，因此比较成功，代码将值 23 " +"打印到屏幕上。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Python doesn't go nearly as far as Icon in adopting generators as a central " +"concept. Generators are considered part of the core Python language, but " +"learning or using them isn't compulsory; if they don't solve any problems " +"that you have, feel free to ignore them. One novel feature of Python's " +"interface as compared to Icon's is that a generator's state is represented " +"as a concrete object (the iterator) that can be passed around to other " +"functions or stored in a data structure." +msgstr "" +"Python并不像Icon那样将生成器作为核心概念来采用。生成器被视为Python核心语言的一部分，但学习或使用它们并不是强制的；如果它们不能解决你遇到的问题，可以完全忽略它们。与Icon相比，Python接口的一个新颖特性是生成器的状态表示为一个具体的对象（迭代器），可以传递给其他函数或存储在数据结构中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:247 +msgid ":pep:`255` - Simple Generators" +msgstr ":pep:`255` - 简单生成器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:248 +msgid "" +"Written by Neil Schemenauer, Tim Peters, Magnus Lie Hetland. Implemented " +"mostly by Neil Schemenauer and Tim Peters, with other fixes from the Python " +"Labs crew." +msgstr "" +"由 Neil Schemenauer, Tim Peters, Magnus Lie Hetland 撰写。 主要由 Neil Schemenauer " +"和 Tim Peters 实现，并包含来自 Python Labs 团队的修正。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:257 +msgid "PEP 263: Source Code Encodings" +msgstr "PEP 263: 源代码的字符编码格式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:259 +msgid "" +"Python source files can now be declared as being in different character set " +"encodings. Encodings are declared by including a specially formatted " +"comment in the first or second line of the source file. For example, a " +"UTF-8 file can be declared with::" +msgstr "" +"现在可以声明Python源文件使用不同的字符集编码。通过在源文件的第一行或第二行包含特定格式的注释来声明编码。例如，一个UTF-8文件可以这样声明：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:264 +msgid "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-" +msgstr "" +"#!/usr/bin/env python\n" +"# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Without such an encoding declaration, the default encoding used is 7-bit " +"ASCII. Executing or importing modules that contain string literals with " +"8-bit characters and have no encoding declaration will result in a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` being signalled by Python 2.3; in 2.4 this will be" +" a syntax error." +msgstr "" +"如果没有这样的编码声明，默认使用7位ASCII编码。执行或导入包含8位字符的字符串字面量且没有编码声明的模块时，在Python 2.3中会触发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 警告；而在Python 2.4中，这将成为语法错误" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:273 +msgid "" +"The encoding declaration only affects Unicode string literals, which will be" +" converted to Unicode using the specified encoding. Note that Python " +"identifiers are still restricted to ASCII characters, so you can't have " +"variable names that use characters outside of the usual alphanumerics." +msgstr "" +"编码声明只影响Unicode字符串字面量，这些字面量将使用指定的编码转换为Unicode。请注意，Python的标识符仍然限制为ASCII字符，因此变量名不能使用超出常规字母数字字符范围的字符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:281 +msgid ":pep:`263` - Defining Python Source Code Encodings" +msgstr ":pep:`263` - 定义 Python 源代码的编码格式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Written by Marc-André Lemburg and Martin von Löwis; implemented by Suzuki " +"Hisao and Martin von Löwis." +msgstr "" +"由 Marc-André Lemburg 和 Martin von Löwis 撰写 ; 由 Suzuki Hisao 和 Martin von " +"Löwis 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:289 +msgid "PEP 273: Importing Modules from ZIP Archives" +msgstr "PEP 273: 从ZIP压缩包导入模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:291 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`zipimport` module adds support for importing modules from a " +"ZIP-format archive. You don't need to import the module explicitly; it will" +" be automatically imported if a ZIP archive's filename is added to " +"``sys.path``. For example:" +msgstr "" +"通过新的 :mod:`zipimport` 模块增加了从 ZIP 格式归档文件导入模块的支持。 你不需要显式地导入模块；它将在 ZIP " +"归档文件名被添加到 ``sys.path`` 的情况下自动导入。 例如：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:296 +msgid "" +"amk@nyman:~/src/python$ unzip -l /tmp/example.zip\n" +"Archive: /tmp/example.zip\n" +" Length Date Time Name\n" +" -------- ---- ---- ----\n" +" 8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py\n" +" -------- -------\n" +" 8467 1 file\n" +"amk@nyman:~/src/python$ ./python\n" +"Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path.insert(0, '/tmp/example.zip') # Add .zip file to front of path\n" +">>> import jwzthreading\n" +">>> jwzthreading.__file__\n" +"'/tmp/example.zip/jwzthreading.py'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +"amk@nyman:~/src/python$ unzip -l /tmp/example.zip\n" +"Archive: /tmp/example.zip\n" +" Length Date Time Name\n" +" -------- ---- ---- ----\n" +" 8467 11-26-02 22:30 jwzthreading.py\n" +" -------- -------\n" +" 8467 1 file\n" +"amk@nyman:~/src/python$ ./python\n" +"Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)\n" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.path.insert(0, '/tmp/example.zip') # 将 .zip 文件添加到 path 的开头\n" +">>> import jwzthreading\n" +">>> jwzthreading.__file__\n" +"'/tmp/example.zip/jwzthreading.py'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:314 +msgid "" +"An entry in ``sys.path`` can now be the filename of a ZIP archive. The ZIP " +"archive can contain any kind of files, but only files named :file:`\\*.py`, " +":file:`\\*.pyc`, or :file:`\\*.pyo` can be imported. If an archive only " +"contains :file:`\\*.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive" +" by adding the corresponding :file:`\\*.pyc` file, meaning that if a ZIP " +"archive doesn't contain :file:`\\*.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:321 +msgid "" +"A path within the archive can also be specified to only import from a " +"subdirectory; for example, the path :file:`/tmp/example.zip/lib/` would only" +" import from the :file:`lib/` subdirectory within the archive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:328 +msgid ":pep:`273` - Import Modules from Zip Archives" +msgstr ":pep:`273` - 从 ZIP 压缩包导入模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python " +"2.3 follows the specification in :pep:`273`, but uses an implementation " +"written by Just van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in " +":pep:`302`. See section :ref:`section-pep302` for a description of the new " +"import hooks." +msgstr "" +"由James C. Ahlstrom撰写，并提供了一个实现。Python 2.3遵循 :pep:`273` 中的规范，但使用了Just van " +"Rossum编写的实现，该实现利用了 :pep:`302` 中描述的导入钩子。有关新导入钩子的描述，请参见 :ref:`section-pep302` " +"的相关部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:338 +msgid "PEP 277: Unicode file name support for Windows NT" +msgstr "PEP 277: 针对 Windows NT 的 Unicode 文件名支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:340 +msgid "" +"On Windows NT, 2000, and XP, the system stores file names as Unicode " +"strings. Traditionally, Python has represented file names as byte strings, " +"which is inadequate because it renders some file names inaccessible." +msgstr "" +"在Windows " +"NT、2000和XP上，系统将文件名存储为Unicode字符串。传统上，Python将文件名表示为字节字符串，这种方式不够完善，因为它会导致某些文件名无法访问。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:344 +msgid "" +"Python now allows using arbitrary Unicode strings (within the limitations of" +" the file system) for all functions that expect file names, most notably the" +" :func:`open` built-in function. If a Unicode string is passed to " +":func:`os.listdir`, Python now returns a list of Unicode strings. A new " +"function, :func:`!os.getcwdu`, returns the current directory as a Unicode " +"string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:350 +msgid "" +"Byte strings still work as file names, and on Windows Python will " +"transparently convert them to Unicode using the ``mbcs`` encoding." +msgstr "字节串仍可被用作文件名，并且在 Windows 上 Python 将透明地使用 ``mbcs`` 编码格式将其转换为 Unicode。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:353 +msgid "" +"Other systems also allow Unicode strings as file names but convert them to " +"byte strings before passing them to the system, which can cause a " +":exc:`UnicodeError` to be raised. Applications can test whether arbitrary " +"Unicode strings are supported as file names by checking " +":attr:`os.path.supports_unicode_filenames`, a Boolean value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:359 +msgid "Under MacOS, :func:`os.listdir` may now return Unicode filenames." +msgstr "在 MacOS 下，:func:`os.listdir` 现在可以返回 Unicode 文件名。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:364 +msgid ":pep:`277` - Unicode file name support for Windows NT" +msgstr ":pep:`277` - 针对 Windows NT 的 Unicode 文件名支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:365 +msgid "" +"Written by Neil Hodgson; implemented by Neil Hodgson, Martin von Löwis, and " +"Mark Hammond." +msgstr "" +"由 Neil Hodgson 撰写 ; 由 Neil Hodgson, Martin von Löwis 和 Mark Hammond 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:375 +msgid "PEP 278: Universal Newline Support" +msgstr "PEP 278: 通用换行支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:377 +msgid "" +"The three major operating systems used today are Microsoft Windows, Apple's " +"Macintosh OS, and the various Unix derivatives. A minor irritation of " +"cross-platform work is that these three platforms all use different " +"characters to mark the ends of lines in text files. Unix uses the linefeed " +"(ASCII character 10), MacOS uses the carriage return (ASCII character 13), " +"and Windows uses a two-character sequence of a carriage return plus a " +"newline." +msgstr "" +"目前使用的三大操作系统是微软的 Windows、苹果的 Macintosh OS 和各种 Unix " +"衍生系统。跨平台工作的一个小麻烦是，这三个平台都使用不同的字符来标记文本文件中的行结束。Unix 使用换行符（ASCII 字符 10），MacOS " +"使用回车符（ASCII 字符 13），Windows 使用回车符加换行符的双字符序列。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:384 +msgid "" +"Python's file objects can now support end of line conventions other than the" +" one followed by the platform on which Python is running. Opening a file " +"with the mode ``'U'`` or ``'rU'`` will open a file for reading in " +":term:`universal newlines` mode. All three line ending conventions will be " +"translated to a ``'\\n'`` in the strings returned by the various file " +"methods such as :meth:`!read` and :meth:`!readline`." +msgstr "" +"Python 的文件对象现在可以支持与 Python 运行平台不同的行结束约定。使用 ``'U'`` 或 ``'rU'`` 模式打开文件将以 " +":term:`universal newlines` 模式打开文件供读取。 所有这三种行结束约定都将在各种文件方法如 :meth:`!read` 和 " +":meth:`!readline` 返回的字符串中翻译为 ``'\\n'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Universal newline support is also used when importing modules and when " +"executing a file with the :func:`!execfile` function. This means that " +"Python modules can be shared between all three operating systems without " +"needing to convert the line-endings." +msgstr "" +"在导入模块和使用 :func:`!execfile` 函数执行文件时，也会使用通用换行支持。 这意味着 Python " +"模块可以在所有三种操作系统之间共享，而无需转换行尾。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:396 +msgid "" +"This feature can be disabled when compiling Python by specifying the " +":option:`!--without-universal-newlines` switch when running Python's " +":program:`configure` script." +msgstr "" +"在编译 Python 时，可以通过在运行 Python 的 :program:`configure` 脚本时指定 :option:`!--" +"without-universal-newlines` 开关禁用该功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:403 +msgid ":pep:`278` - Universal Newline Support" +msgstr ":pep:`278` - 通用换行支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:404 +msgid "Written and implemented by Jack Jansen." +msgstr "由 Jack Jansen 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:412 +msgid "PEP 279: enumerate()" +msgstr "PEP 279: enumerate()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:414 +msgid "" +"A new built-in function, :func:`enumerate`, will make certain loops a bit " +"clearer. ``enumerate(thing)``, where *thing* is either an iterator or a " +"sequence, returns an iterator that will return ``(0, thing[0])``, ``(1, " +"thing[1])``, ``(2, thing[2])``, and so forth." +msgstr "" +"新的内置函数 :func:`enumerate` 将使某些循环更加清晰。 在 ``enumerate(thing)`` 中，如果 *thing* " +"是迭代器或序列，则返回一个迭代器，该迭代器将返回 ``(0, thing[0])``，``(1, thing[1])``，``(2, " +"thing[2])``，以此类推。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:419 +msgid "A common idiom to change every element of a list looks like this::" +msgstr "改变一个列表中每个元素的常见写法看起来像是这样::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:421 +msgid "" +"for i in range(len(L)):\n" +" item = L[i]\n" +" # ... compute some result based on item ...\n" +" L[i] = result" +msgstr "" +"for i in range(len(L)):\n" +" item = L[i]\n" +" # ... 基于条目计算某个结果 ...\n" +" L[i] = result" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:426 +msgid "This can be rewritten using :func:`enumerate` as::" +msgstr "可以使用 :func:`enumerate` 重写为：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:428 +msgid "" +"for i, item in enumerate(L):\n" +" # ... compute some result based on item ...\n" +" L[i] = result" +msgstr "" +"for i, item in enumerate(L):\n" +" # ... 基于条目计算某个结果 ...\n" +" L[i] = result" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:435 +msgid ":pep:`279` - The enumerate() built-in function" +msgstr ":pep:`279` - 内置函数 enumerate()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:436 +msgid "Written and implemented by Raymond D. Hettinger." +msgstr "由 Raymond D. Hettinger 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:442 +msgid "PEP 282: The logging Package" +msgstr "PEP 282: logging 包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:444 +msgid "" +"A standard package for writing logs, :mod:`logging`, has been added to " +"Python 2.3. It provides a powerful and flexible mechanism for generating " +"logging output which can then be filtered and processed in various ways. A " +"configuration file written in a standard format can be used to control the " +"logging behavior of a program. Python includes handlers that will write log" +" records to standard error or to a file or socket, send them to the system " +"log, or even e-mail them to a particular address; of course, it's also " +"possible to write your own handler classes." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.3 中新增了一个用于编写日志的标准软件包 :mod:`logging`。 " +"它为生成日志输出提供了一个强大而灵活的机制，这些输出可以通过各种方式进行过滤和处理。用标准格式编写的配置文件可以用来控制程序的日志行为。 Python " +"包含的处理器可以将日志记录写入标准错误、文件或套接字，发送到系统日志，甚至通过电子邮件发送到特定地址；当然，您也可以编写自己的处理器类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:453 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~logging.Logger` class is the primary class. Most application " +"code will deal with one or more :class:`~logging.Logger` objects, each one " +"used by a particular subsystem of the application. Each " +":class:`~logging.Logger` is identified by a name, and names are organized " +"into a hierarchy using ``.`` as the component separator. For example, you " +"might have :class:`~logging.Logger` instances named ``server``, " +"``server.auth`` and ``server.network``. The latter two instances are below " +"``server`` in the hierarchy. This means that if you turn up the verbosity " +"for ``server`` or direct ``server`` messages to a different handler, the " +"changes will also apply to records logged to ``server.auth`` and " +"``server.network``. There's also a root :class:`~logging.Logger` that's the " +"parent of all other loggers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:464 +msgid "" +"For simple uses, the :mod:`logging` package contains some convenience " +"functions that always use the root log::" +msgstr "为了简化使用，:mod:`logging` 包提供了一些始终使用根日志的便捷函数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:467 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.debug('Debugging information')\n" +"logging.info('Informational message')\n" +"logging.warning('Warning:config file %s not found', 'server.conf')\n" +"logging.error('Error occurred')\n" +"logging.critical('Critical error -- shutting down')" +msgstr "" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.debug('Debugging information')\n" +"logging.info('Informational message')\n" +"logging.warning('Warning:config file %s not found', 'server.conf')\n" +"logging.error('Error occurred')\n" +"logging.critical('Critical error -- shutting down')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:475 ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:500 +msgid "This produces the following output::" +msgstr "这会产生以下输出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:477 +msgid "" +"WARNING:root:Warning:config file server.conf not found\n" +"ERROR:root:Error occurred\n" +"CRITICAL:root:Critical error -- shutting down" +msgstr "" +"WARNING:root:Warning:config file server.conf not found\n" +"ERROR:root:Error occurred\n" +"CRITICAL:root:Critical error -- shutting down" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:481 +msgid "" +"In the default configuration, informational and debugging messages are " +"suppressed and the output is sent to standard error. You can enable the " +"display of informational and debugging messages by calling the " +":meth:`~logging.Logger.setLevel` method on the root logger." +msgstr "" +"在默认配置中，信息和调试信息被忽略，输出被发送到标准错误。 你可以通过调用根日志记录器上的 " +":meth:`~logging.Logger.setLevel` 方法来启用信息和调试信息的显示。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:486 +msgid "" +"Notice the :func:`~logging.warning` call's use of string formatting " +"operators; all of the functions for logging messages take the arguments " +"``(msg, arg1, arg2, ...)`` and log the string resulting from ``msg % (arg1, " +"arg2, ...)``." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :func:`~logging.warning` 调用使用了字符串格式化运算符；所有记录信息的函数都使用参数 ``(msg, arg1, " +"arg2, ...)``，并记录 ``msg % (arg1, arg2, ...)`` 产生的字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:490 +msgid "" +"There's also an :func:`~logging.exception` function that records the most " +"recent traceback. Any of the other functions will also record the traceback" +" if you specify a true value for the keyword argument *exc_info*. ::" +msgstr "" +"还有一个 :func:`~logging.exception` 函数可记录最近的回溯。如果为关键字参数 *exc_info* " +"指定了真值，其他函数也会记录回溯：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:494 +msgid "" +"def f():\n" +" try: 1/0\n" +" except: logging.exception('Problem recorded')\n" +"\n" +"f()" +msgstr "" +"def f():\n" +" try: 1/0\n" +" except: logging.exception('Problem recorded')\n" +"\n" +"f()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:502 +msgid "" +"ERROR:root:Problem recorded\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"t.py\", line 6, in f\n" +" 1/0\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero" +msgstr "" +"ERROR:root:Problem recorded\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"t.py\", line 6, in f\n" +" 1/0\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:508 +msgid "" +"Slightly more advanced programs will use a logger other than the root " +"logger. The ``getLogger(name)`` function is used to get a particular log, " +"creating it if it doesn't exist yet. ``getLogger(None)`` returns the root " +"logger. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:512 +msgid "" +"log = logging.getLogger('server')\n" +" ...\n" +"log.info('Listening on port %i', port)\n" +" ...\n" +"log.critical('Disk full')\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"log = logging.getLogger('server')\n" +" ...\n" +"log.info('Listening on port %i', port)\n" +" ...\n" +"log.critical('Disk full')\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:519 +msgid "" +"Log records are usually propagated up the hierarchy, so a message logged to " +"``server.auth`` is also seen by ``server`` and ``root``, but a " +":class:`~logging.Logger` can prevent this by setting its " +":attr:`~logging.Logger.propagate` attribute to :const:`False`." +msgstr "" +"日志记录通常会向上传播，因此 ``server`` 和 ``root`` 也会看到记录到 ``server.auth`` 的信息，但 " +":class:`~logging.Logger` 可以通过将其 :attr:`~logging.Logger.propagate` 属性设置为 " +":const:`False` 来避免这种情况。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:523 +msgid "" +"There are more classes provided by the :mod:`logging` package that can be " +"customized. When a :class:`~logging.Logger` instance is told to log a " +"message, it creates a :class:`~logging.LogRecord` instance that is sent to " +"any number of different :class:`~logging.Handler` instances. Loggers and " +"handlers can also have an attached list of filters, and each filter can " +"cause the :class:`~logging.LogRecord` to be ignored or can modify the record" +" before passing it along. When they're finally output, " +":class:`~logging.LogRecord` instances are converted to text by a " +":class:`~logging.Formatter` class. All of these classes can be replaced by " +"your own specially written classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:533 +msgid "" +"With all of these features the :mod:`logging` package should provide enough " +"flexibility for even the most complicated applications. This is only an " +"incomplete overview of its features, so please see the package's reference " +"documentation for all of the details. Reading :pep:`282` will also be " +"helpful." +msgstr "" +":mod:`logging` 软件包具有所有这些功能，即使是最复杂的应用程序也能灵活运用。 " +"本文仅是对其功能的不完整概述，因此请参阅软件包的参考文档了解所有细节。 阅读 :pep:`282` 也会有所帮助。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:541 +msgid ":pep:`282` - A Logging System" +msgstr ":pep:`282` - Logging 系统" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:542 +msgid "Written by Vinay Sajip and Trent Mick; implemented by Vinay Sajip." +msgstr "由 Vinay Sajip 和 Trent Mick 撰写 ; 由 Vinay Sajip 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:550 +msgid "PEP 285: A Boolean Type" +msgstr "PEP 285: 布尔类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:552 +msgid "" +"A Boolean type was added to Python 2.3. Two new constants were added to the" +" :mod:`!__builtin__` module, :const:`True` and :const:`False`. " +"(:const:`True` and :const:`False` constants were added to the built-ins in " +"Python 2.2.1, but the 2.2.1 versions are simply set to integer values of 1 " +"and 0 and aren't a different type.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 2.3 中增加了布尔类型。 :mod:`!__builtin__` 模块中新增了两个常量: :const:`True` 和 " +":const:`False`。 (:const:`True` 和 :const:`False` 常量被添加到了 Python 2.2.1 " +"的内置模块中，但 2.2.1 版本的常量只是被设置为 1 和 0 的整数值，并不是一种不同的类型。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:558 +msgid "" +"The type object for this new type is named :class:`bool`; the constructor " +"for it takes any Python value and converts it to :const:`True` or " +":const:`False`. ::" +msgstr "" +"这个新类型的类型对象名为 :class:`bool`；它的构造函数接收任何 Python 值，并将其转换为 :const:`True` 或 " +":const:`False`。::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:561 +msgid "" +">>> bool(1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> bool(0)\n" +"False\n" +">>> bool([])\n" +"False\n" +">>> bool( (1,) )\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> bool(1)\n" +"True\n" +">>> bool(0)\n" +"False\n" +">>> bool([])\n" +"False\n" +">>> bool( (1,) )\n" +"True" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:570 +msgid "" +"Most of the standard library modules and built-in functions have been " +"changed to return Booleans. ::" +msgstr "大多数标准库模块和内置函数都改为返回布尔值：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:573 +msgid "" +">>> obj = []\n" +">>> hasattr(obj, 'append')\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(obj, list)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(obj, tuple)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> obj = []\n" +">>> hasattr(obj, 'append')\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(obj, list)\n" +"True\n" +">>> isinstance(obj, tuple)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:581 +msgid "" +"Python's Booleans were added with the primary goal of making code clearer. " +"For example, if you're reading a function and encounter the statement " +"``return 1``, you might wonder whether the ``1`` represents a Boolean truth " +"value, an index, or a coefficient that multiplies some other quantity. If " +"the statement is ``return True``, however, the meaning of the return value " +"is quite clear." +msgstr "" +"添加 Python 布尔运算的主要目的是使代码更清晰。 例如，如果您在阅读一个函数时遇到 ``return 1`` 语句，您可能会想知道 ``1`` " +"代表的是布尔真值、索引还是乘以其他量的系数。 然而，如果语句是 ``return True``，返回值的含义就非常清楚了。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Python's Booleans were *not* added for the sake of strict type-checking. A " +"very strict language such as Pascal would also prevent you performing " +"arithmetic with Booleans, and would require that the expression in an " +":keyword:`if` statement always evaluate to a Boolean result. Python is not " +"this strict and never will be, as :pep:`285` explicitly says. This means " +"you can still use any expression in an :keyword:`!if` statement, even ones " +"that evaluate to a list or tuple or some random object. The Boolean type is" +" a subclass of the :class:`int` class so that arithmetic using a Boolean " +"still works. ::" +msgstr "" +"Python 的布尔值 *不是* 为了严格的类型检查而添加的。 像 Pascal 这样非常严格的语言也会阻止您使用布尔进行算术运算，并要求 " +":keyword:`if` 语句中的表达式总是求布尔结果。 正如 :pep:`285` 所明确指出的，Python 没有这么严格，以后也不会有。 " +"这意味着您仍然可以在 :keyword:`!if` 语句中使用任何表达式，甚至是求值为 list、tuple 或一些随机对象的表达式。 布尔类型是 " +":class:`int` 类的子类，因此使用布尔值进行算术运算仍然有效：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:596 +msgid "" +">>> True + 1\n" +"2\n" +">>> False + 1\n" +"1\n" +">>> False * 75\n" +"0\n" +">>> True * 75\n" +"75" +msgstr "" +">>> True + 1\n" +"2\n" +">>> False + 1\n" +"1\n" +">>> False * 75\n" +"0\n" +">>> True * 75\n" +"75" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:605 +msgid "" +"To sum up :const:`True` and :const:`False` in a sentence: they're " +"alternative ways to spell the integer values 1 and 0, with the single " +"difference that :func:`str` and :func:`repr` return the strings ``'True'`` " +"and ``'False'`` instead of ``'1'`` and ``'0'``." +msgstr "" +"用一句话概括 :const:`True` 和 :const:`False`: 它们是拼写整数值 1 和 0 的另一种方式，唯一不同的是 " +":func:`str` 和 :func:`repr` 返回的字符串是 ``'True'`` 和 ``'False'``，而不是 ``'1'`` 和 " +"``'0'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:613 +msgid ":pep:`285` - Adding a bool type" +msgstr ":pep:`285` - 添加布尔类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:614 +msgid "Written and implemented by GvR." +msgstr "由 GvR 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:620 +msgid "PEP 293: Codec Error Handling Callbacks" +msgstr "PEP 293: 编解码器错误处理回调" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:622 +msgid "" +"When encoding a Unicode string into a byte string, unencodable characters " +"may be encountered. So far, Python has allowed specifying the error " +"processing as either \"strict\" (raising :exc:`UnicodeError`), \"ignore\" " +"(skipping the character), or \"replace\" (using a question mark in the " +"output string), with \"strict\" being the default behavior. It may be " +"desirable to specify alternative processing of such errors, such as " +"inserting an XML character reference or HTML entity reference into the " +"converted string." +msgstr "" +"将 Unicode 字符串编码为字节字符串时，可能会遇到无法编码的字符。 到目前为止，Python 允许将错误处理指定为 \"strict\" (引发 " +":exc:`UnicodeError`)、\"ignore\" (跳过该字符) 或 \"replace\" (在输出字符串中使用问号)，其中 " +"\"strict\" 是默认行为。 可能需要指定对此类错误的其他处理方式，例如在转换后的字符串中插入 XML 字符引用或 HTML 实体引用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:630 +msgid "" +"Python now has a flexible framework to add different processing strategies." +" New error handlers can be added with :func:`codecs.register_error`, and " +"codecs then can access the error handler with :func:`codecs.lookup_error`. " +"An equivalent C API has been added for codecs written in C. The error " +"handler gets the necessary state information such as the string being " +"converted, the position in the string where the error was detected, and the " +"target encoding. The handler can then either raise an exception or return a" +" replacement string." +msgstr "" +"Python 现在有一个灵活的框架，可以添加不同的处理策略。可以通过 :func:`codecs.register_error` " +"添加新的错误处理器，然后编解码器可以通过 :func:`codecs.lookup_error` 访问错误处理器。 " +"错误处理器会获取必要的状态信息，如正在转换的字符串、字符串中检测到错误的位置以及目标编码。 然后，处理器可以引发异常或返回替换字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:638 +msgid "" +"Two additional error handlers have been implemented using this framework: " +"\"backslashreplace\" uses Python backslash quoting to represent unencodable " +"characters and \"xmlcharrefreplace\" emits XML character references." +msgstr "" +"使用该框架还实现了两个额外的错误处理器: \"backslashreplace\" 使用 Python 反斜杠引号来表示无法编码的字符，而 " +"\"xmlcharrefreplace\" 则转换为 XML 字符引用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:645 +msgid ":pep:`293` - Codec Error Handling Callbacks" +msgstr ":pep:`293` - 编解码器错误处理回调" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:646 +msgid "Written and implemented by Walter Dörwald." +msgstr "由 Walter Dörwald 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:654 +msgid "PEP 301: Package Index and Metadata for Distutils" +msgstr "PEP 301: Distutils的软件包索引和元数据" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:656 +msgid "" +"Support for the long-requested Python catalog makes its first appearance in " +"2.3." +msgstr "广受期待的对 Python 编目的支持在 2.3 版中首次出现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:658 +msgid "" +"The heart of the catalog is the new Distutils :command:`register` command. " +"Running ``python setup.py register`` will collect the metadata describing a " +"package, such as its name, version, maintainer, description, &c., and send " +"it to a central catalog server. The resulting catalog is available from " +"https://pypi.org." +msgstr "" +"编目功能的核心是新的 Distutils :command:`register` 命令。 运行 ``python setup.py register``" +" 将会收集描述软件包的元数据，例如其名称、版本、维护者、描述信息等等，并将其发送给中央编目服务器。 结果编目数据可在 https://pypi.org " +"获取。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:664 +msgid "" +"To make the catalog a bit more useful, a new optional *classifiers* keyword " +"argument has been added to the Distutils :func:`!setup` function. A list of" +" `Trove `_-style strings can be supplied to " +"help classify the software." +msgstr "" +"为了使目录更加有用，Distutils 的 :func:`!setup` 函数中新增了一个可选的 *classifiers* 关键字参数。 " +"可以提供一系列 `Trove `_ 风格的字符串来帮助对软件进行分类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:669 +msgid "" +"Here's an example :file:`setup.py` with classifiers, written to be " +"compatible with older versions of the Distutils::" +msgstr "下面是一个带有分类器的 :file:`setup.py` 示例，其编写是为了兼容旧版本的 Distutils：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:672 +msgid "" +"from distutils import core\n" +"kw = {'name': \"Quixote\",\n" +" 'version': \"0.5.1\",\n" +" 'description': \"A highly Pythonic Web application framework\",\n" +" # ...\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +"if (hasattr(core, 'setup_keywords') and\n" +" 'classifiers' in core.setup_keywords):\n" +" kw['classifiers'] = \\\n" +" ['Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content',\n" +" 'Environment :: No Input/Output (Daemon)',\n" +" 'Intended Audience :: Developers'],\n" +"\n" +"core.setup(**kw)" +msgstr "" +"from distutils import core\n" +"kw = {'name': \"Quixote\",\n" +" 'version': \"0.5.1\",\n" +" 'description': \"A highly Pythonic Web application framework\",\n" +" # ...\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +"if (hasattr(core, 'setup_keywords') and\n" +" 'classifiers' in core.setup_keywords):\n" +" kw['classifiers'] = \\\n" +" ['Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content',\n" +" 'Environment :: No Input/Output (Daemon)',\n" +" 'Intended Audience :: Developers'],\n" +"\n" +"core.setup(**kw)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:688 +msgid "" +"The full list of classifiers can be obtained by running ``python setup.py " +"register --list-classifiers``." +msgstr "" +"完整的 classifiers 列表可通过运行 ``python setup.py register --list-classifiers`` 来获取。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:694 +msgid ":pep:`301` - Package Index and Metadata for Distutils" +msgstr ":pep:`301` - Distutils 的软件包索引和元数据" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:695 +msgid "Written and implemented by Richard Jones." +msgstr "由 Richard Jones 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:703 +msgid "PEP 302: New Import Hooks" +msgstr "PEP 302: 新导入钩子" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:705 +msgid "" +"While it's been possible to write custom import hooks ever since the " +":mod:`!ihooks` module was introduced in Python 1.3, no one has ever been " +"really happy with it because writing new import hooks is difficult and " +"messy. There have been various proposed alternatives such as the " +":mod:`!imputil` and :mod:`!iu` modules, but none of them has ever gained " +"much acceptance, and none of them were easily usable from C code." +msgstr "" +"虽然自从在 Python 1.3 中引入 :mod:`!ihooks` " +"模块后，就可以编写自定义导入钩子了，但由于编写新的导入钩子既困难又混乱，所以从来没有人对它真正满意过。 曾有人提出过各种替代方案，如 " +":mod:`!imputil` 和 :mod:`!iu` 模块，但都没有得到广泛认可，而且都不容易从 C 代码中使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:712 +msgid "" +":pep:`302` borrows ideas from its predecessors, especially from Gordon " +"McMillan's :mod:`!iu` module. Three new items are added to the :mod:`sys` " +"module:" +msgstr "" +":pep:`302` 借鉴了其前身，尤其是 Gordon McMillan 的 :mod:`!iu` 模块。 :mod:`sys` 模块新增了三个条目：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:716 +msgid "" +"``sys.path_hooks`` is a list of callable objects; most often they'll be " +"classes. Each callable takes a string containing a path and either returns " +"an importer object that will handle imports from this path or raises an " +":exc:`ImportError` exception if it can't handle this path." +msgstr "" +"``sys.path_hooks`` 是一个可调用对象列表，通常是类。 " +"每个可调用对象都接收一个包含路径的字符串，然后返回一个可处理从该路径导入的导入器对象，如果不能处理该路径，则引发 :exc:`ImportError` " +"异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:721 +msgid "" +"``sys.path_importer_cache`` caches importer objects for each path, so " +"``sys.path_hooks`` will only need to be traversed once for each path." +msgstr "" +"``sys.path_importer_cache`` 会缓存每条路径的导入器对象，因此 ``sys.path_hooks`` 只需为每条路径遍历一次。" +" " + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:724 +msgid "" +"``sys.meta_path`` is a list of importer objects that will be traversed " +"before ``sys.path`` is checked. This list is initially empty, but user code" +" can add objects to it. Additional built-in and frozen modules can be " +"imported by an object added to this list." +msgstr "" +"``sys.meta_path`` 是一个导入器对象列表，在检查 ``sys.path`` 之前将遍历该列表。 " +"该列表最初为空，但用户代码可以向其中添加对象。 其他内置模块和冻结模块可以通过添加到该列表中的对象导入。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Importer objects must have a single method, ``find_module(fullname, " +"path=None)``. *fullname* will be a module or package name, e.g. ``string`` " +"or ``distutils.core``. :meth:`!find_module` must return a loader object " +"that has a single method, ``load_module(fullname)``, that creates and " +"returns the corresponding module object." +msgstr "" +"导入器对象必须有一个方法，即 ``find_module(fullname, path=None)``。 *fullname* " +"将是一个模块或软件包名称，如 ``string`` 或 ``distutils.core``。 :meth:`!find_module` " +"必须返回一个加载器对象，该加载器对象必须有一个方法 ``load_module(fullname)``，用于创建和返回相应的模块对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:735 +msgid "" +"Pseudo-code for Python's new import logic, therefore, looks something like " +"this (simplified a bit; see :pep:`302` for the full details)::" +msgstr "因此，Python 新导入逻辑的伪代码如下 (略有简化；详情请参见 :pep:`302`)：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:738 +msgid "" +"for mp in sys.meta_path:\n" +" loader = mp(fullname)\n" +" if loader is not None:\n" +" = loader.load_module(fullname)\n" +"\n" +"for path in sys.path:\n" +" for hook in sys.path_hooks:\n" +" try:\n" +" importer = hook(path)\n" +" except ImportError:\n" +" # ImportError, so try the other path hooks\n" +" pass\n" +" else:\n" +" loader = importer.find_module(fullname)\n" +" = loader.load_module(fullname)\n" +"\n" +"# Not found!\n" +"raise ImportError" +msgstr "" +"for mp in sys.meta_path:\n" +" loader = mp(fullname)\n" +" if loader is not None:\n" +" = loader.load_module(fullname)\n" +"\n" +"for path in sys.path:\n" +" for hook in sys.path_hooks:\n" +" try:\n" +" importer = hook(path)\n" +" except ImportError:\n" +" # ImportError，则尝试其他路径钩子\n" +" pass\n" +" else:\n" +" loader = importer.find_module(fullname)\n" +" = loader.load_module(fullname)\n" +"\n" +"# 未找到！\n" +"raise ImportError" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:760 +msgid ":pep:`302` - New Import Hooks" +msgstr ":pep:`302` - 新导入钩" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:761 +msgid "" +"Written by Just van Rossum and Paul Moore. Implemented by Just van Rossum." +msgstr "由 Just van Rossum 和 Paul Moore 撰写 ; 由 Just van Rossum 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:769 +msgid "PEP 305: Comma-separated Files" +msgstr "PEP 305: 逗号分隔文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:771 +msgid "" +"Comma-separated files are a format frequently used for exporting data from " +"databases and spreadsheets. Python 2.3 adds a parser for comma-separated " +"files." +msgstr "以逗号作为分隔符的文件是一种常用于从数据库和电子表格导出数据的格式。 Python 2.3 增加了一个针对逗号分隔文件的解析器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:774 +msgid "Comma-separated format is deceptively simple at first glance::" +msgstr "逗号分隔文件乍一看非常简单::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:776 +msgid "Costs,150,200,3.95" +msgstr "Costs,150,200,3.95" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:778 +msgid "" +"Read a line and call ``line.split(',')``: what could be simpler? But toss in" +" string data that can contain commas, and things get more complicated::" +msgstr "读取一行并调用 ``line.split(',')``: 再简单不过了吧？ 但是考虑到可能包含逗号的字符串数据，事件就变得复杂起来::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:781 +msgid "\"Costs\",150,200,3.95,\"Includes taxes, shipping, and sundry items\"" +msgstr "\"Costs\",150,200,3.95,\"Includes taxes, shipping, and sundry items\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:783 +msgid "" +"A big ugly regular expression can parse this, but using the new :mod:`csv` " +"package is much simpler::" +msgstr "一个大的丑陋的正则表达式可以解析这些内容，但使用新的 :mod:`csv` 软件包要简单得多：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:786 +msgid "" +"import csv\n" +"\n" +"input = open('datafile', 'rb')\n" +"reader = csv.reader(input)\n" +"for line in reader:\n" +" print line" +msgstr "" +"import csv\n" +"\n" +"input = open('datafile', 'rb')\n" +"reader = csv.reader(input)\n" +"for line in reader:\n" +" print line" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:793 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~csv.reader` function takes a number of different options. The " +"field separator isn't limited to the comma and can be changed to any " +"character, and so can the quoting and line-ending characters." +msgstr ":func:`~csv.reader` 函数有多种不同的选项。 字段分隔符不限于逗号，可以改为任何字符，引号和行尾字符也是如此。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:797 +msgid "" +"Different dialects of comma-separated files can be defined and registered; " +"currently there are two dialects, both used by Microsoft Excel. A separate " +":class:`csv.writer` class will generate comma-separated files from a " +"succession of tuples or lists, quoting strings that contain the delimiter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:805 +msgid ":pep:`305` - CSV File API" +msgstr "该实现在“Python 增强提议” - PEP `305` (CSV 文件 API) 中被提出" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:806 +msgid "" +"Written and implemented by Kevin Altis, Dave Cole, Andrew McNamara, Skip " +"Montanaro, Cliff Wells." +msgstr "" +"由 Kevin Altis, Dave Cole, Andrew McNamara, Skip Montanaro, Cliff Wells " +"撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:815 +msgid "PEP 307: Pickle Enhancements" +msgstr "PEP 307：对 pickle 的改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:817 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`!cPickle` modules received some attention during" +" the 2.3 development cycle. In 2.2, new-style classes could be pickled " +"without difficulty, but they weren't pickled very compactly; :pep:`307` " +"quotes a trivial example where a new-style class results in a pickled string" +" three times longer than that for a classic class." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pickle` 和 :mod:`!cPickle` 模块在 2.3 开发周期中受到了关注。 在 2.2 中，新式类的 pickle " +"并不困难，但 pickle 得并不紧凑；:pep:`307` 引用了一个微不足道的例子，在这个例子中，新式类的 pickle 字符串比经典类的 " +"pickle 字符串长三倍。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:823 +msgid "" +"The solution was to invent a new pickle protocol. The :func:`pickle.dumps` " +"function has supported a text-or-binary flag for a long time. In 2.3, this" +" flag is redefined from a Boolean to an integer: 0 is the old text-mode " +"pickle format, 1 is the old binary format, and now 2 is a new 2.3-specific " +"format. A new constant, :const:`pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL`, can be used to " +"select the fanciest protocol available." +msgstr "" +"解决办法就是发明一种新的 pickle 协议。 :func:`pickle.dumps` 函数很早就支持文本或二进制标志。 在 2.3 " +"中，该标志从布尔值重新定义为整数：0 表示旧的文本模式 pickle 格式，1 表示旧的二进制格式，现在 2 表示新的 2.3 专用格式。 一个新常量 " +":const:`pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL` 可用来选择最先进的协议。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:830 +msgid "" +"Unpickling is no longer considered a safe operation. 2.2's :mod:`pickle` " +"provided hooks for trying to prevent unsafe classes from being unpickled " +"(specifically, a :attr:`!__safe_for_unpickling__` attribute), but none of " +"this code was ever audited and therefore it's all been ripped out in 2.3. " +"You should not unpickle untrusted data in any version of Python." +msgstr "" +"unpickle 不再被视为安全操作。 2.2 的 :mod:`pickle` 提供了钩子，试图阻止不安全的类被 unpickle （特别是 " +":attr:`!__safe_for_unpickling__` 属性），但这些代码都没有经过审计，因此在 2.3 中都被删除了。 在任何版本的 " +"Python 中，您都不应该 unpickle 不信任的数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:836 +msgid "" +"To reduce the pickling overhead for new-style classes, a new interface for " +"customizing pickling was added using three special methods: " +":meth:`~object.__getstate__`, :meth:`~object.__setstate__`, and " +":meth:`~object.__getnewargs__`. Consult :pep:`307` for the full semantics " +"of these methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:841 +msgid "" +"As a way to compress pickles yet further, it's now possible to use integer " +"codes instead of long strings to identify pickled classes. The Python " +"Software Foundation will maintain a list of standardized codes; there's also" +" a range of codes for private use. Currently no codes have been specified." +msgstr "" +"为了进一步压缩 pickle 类，现在可以使用整数代码而不是长字符串来标识 pickle 类。 Python " +"软件基金会将维护一个标准化代码列表；还有一系列供私人使用的代码。 目前还没有指定任何代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:849 +msgid ":pep:`307` - Extensions to the pickle protocol" +msgstr ":pep:`307` - pickle 协议的扩展" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:850 +msgid "Written and implemented by Guido van Rossum and Tim Peters." +msgstr "PEP 由 Guido van Rossum 和 Tim Peters 撰写和实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:858 +msgid "Extended Slices" +msgstr "扩展切片" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:860 +msgid "" +"Ever since Python 1.4, the slicing syntax has supported an optional third " +"\"step\" or \"stride\" argument. For example, these are all legal Python " +"syntax: ``L[1:10:2]``, ``L[:-1:1]``, ``L[::-1]``. This was added to Python " +"at the request of the developers of Numerical Python, which uses the third " +"argument extensively. However, Python's built-in list, tuple, and string " +"sequence types have never supported this feature, raising a :exc:`TypeError`" +" if you tried it. Michael Hudson contributed a patch to fix this " +"shortcoming." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 1.4 开始，切片语法支持可选的第三个“step”或“stride”参数。例如，这些都是合法的 Python 语法: " +"``L[1:10:2]``，``L[:-1:1]``，``L[::-1]``。 这是应 Numerical Python 开发者的要求添加到 " +"Python 中的，因为 Numerical Python 广泛使用第三个参数。 然而，Python 内置的 list、tuple " +"和字符串序列类型从未支持过这一特性，如果您尝试使用，会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 Michael Hudson " +"提供了一个补丁来修复这一缺陷。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:868 +msgid "" +"For example, you can now easily extract the elements of a list that have " +"even indexes::" +msgstr "例如，您现在可以轻松地提取出具有偶数索引的列表元素：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:871 +msgid "" +">>> L = range(10)\n" +">>> L[::2]\n" +"[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]" +msgstr "" +">>> L = range(10)\n" +">>> L[::2]\n" +"[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:875 +msgid "" +"Negative values also work to make a copy of the same list in reverse order::" +msgstr "也可以用负值以按相反顺序复制相同的列表：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:877 +msgid "" +">>> L[::-1]\n" +"[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]" +msgstr "" +">>> L[::-1]\n" +"[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:880 +msgid "This also works for tuples, arrays, and strings::" +msgstr "这也适用于元组、数组和字符串：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:882 +msgid "" +">>> s='abcd'\n" +">>> s[::2]\n" +"'ac'\n" +">>> s[::-1]\n" +"'dcba'" +msgstr "" +">>> s='abcd'\n" +">>> s[::2]\n" +"'ac'\n" +">>> s[::-1]\n" +"'dcba'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:888 +msgid "" +"If you have a mutable sequence such as a list or an array you can assign to " +"or delete an extended slice, but there are some differences between " +"assignment to extended and regular slices. Assignment to a regular slice " +"can be used to change the length of the sequence::" +msgstr "" +"如果你有一个可变序列如列表或数组，你可以对扩展切片进行赋值或删除，但对扩展切片的赋值与对常规切片的赋值有一些区别。对常规片段的赋值可以用来改变序列的长度：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:893 +msgid "" +">>> a = range(3)\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, 2]\n" +">>> a[1:3] = [4, 5, 6]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 4, 5, 6]" +msgstr "" +">>> a = range(3)\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, 2]\n" +">>> a[1:3] = [4, 5, 6]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 4, 5, 6]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:900 +msgid "" +"Extended slices aren't this flexible. When assigning to an extended slice, " +"the list on the right hand side of the statement must contain the same " +"number of items as the slice it is replacing::" +msgstr "扩展分片则没有这种灵活性。 在为扩展分片赋值时，语句右侧的列表必须包含与要替换的分片相同数量的项目：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:904 +msgid "" +">>> a = range(4)\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> a[::2]\n" +"[0, 2]\n" +">>> a[::2] = [0, -1]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, -1, 3]\n" +">>> a[::2] = [0,1,2]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +"ValueError: attempt to assign sequence of size 3 to extended slice of size 2" +msgstr "" +">>> a = range(4)\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> a[::2]\n" +"[0, 2]\n" +">>> a[::2] = [0, -1]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, -1, 3]\n" +">>> a[::2] = [0,1,2]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +"ValueError: attempt to assign sequence of size 3 to extended slice of size 2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:917 +msgid "Deletion is more straightforward::" +msgstr "删除操作更为直观：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:919 +msgid "" +">>> a = range(4)\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> a[::2]\n" +"[0, 2]\n" +">>> del a[::2]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 3]" +msgstr "" +">>> a = range(4)\n" +">>> a\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> a[::2]\n" +"[0, 2]\n" +">>> del a[::2]\n" +">>> a\n" +"[1, 3]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:928 +msgid "" +"One can also now pass slice objects to the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` " +"methods of the built-in sequences::" +msgstr "现在，我们还可以将切片对象传递给内置序列的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:931 +msgid "" +">>> range(10).__getitem__(slice(0, 5, 2))\n" +"[0, 2, 4]" +msgstr "" +">>> range(10).__getitem__(slice(0, 5, 2))\n" +"[0, 2, 4]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:934 +msgid "Or use slice objects directly in subscripts::" +msgstr "或者直接在下标中使用切片对象：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:936 +msgid "" +">>> range(10)[slice(0, 5, 2)]\n" +"[0, 2, 4]" +msgstr "" +">>> range(10)[slice(0, 5, 2)]\n" +"[0, 2, 4]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:939 +msgid "" +"To simplify implementing sequences that support extended slicing, slice " +"objects now have a method ``indices(length)`` which, given the length of a " +"sequence, returns a ``(start, stop, step)`` tuple that can be passed " +"directly to :func:`range`. :meth:`!indices` handles omitted and out-of-" +"bounds indices in a manner consistent with regular slices (and this " +"innocuous phrase hides a welter of confusing details!). The method is " +"intended to be used like this::" +msgstr "" +"为了简化支持扩展切片的序列的实现，切片对象现在有了一个方法 ``indices(length)``，在给定序列长度的情况下，它返回一个 " +"``(start, stop, step)`` 元组，可以直接传给 :func:`range`。 :meth:`!indices` " +"处理省略和越界索引的方式与常规切片一致（这个无伤大雅的短语隐藏了大量令人困惑的细节！）。 该方法的使用方法如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:946 +msgid "" +"class FakeSeq:\n" +" ...\n" +" def calc_item(self, i):\n" +" ...\n" +" def __getitem__(self, item):\n" +" if isinstance(item, slice):\n" +" indices = item.indices(len(self))\n" +" return FakeSeq([self.calc_item(i) for i in range(*indices)])\n" +" else:\n" +" return self.calc_item(i)" +msgstr "" +"class FakeSeq:\n" +" ...\n" +" def calc_item(self, i):\n" +" ...\n" +" def __getitem__(self, item):\n" +" if isinstance(item, slice):\n" +" indices = item.indices(len(self))\n" +" return FakeSeq([self.calc_item(i) for i in range(*indices)])\n" +" else:\n" +" return self.calc_item(i)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:957 +msgid "" +"From this example you can also see that the built-in :class:`slice` object " +"is now the type object for the slice type, and is no longer a function. " +"This is consistent with Python 2.2, where :class:`int`, :class:`str`, etc., " +"underwent the same change." +msgstr "" +"从这个例子中还可以看到，内置的 :class:`slice` 对象现在是 slice 类型的类型对象，而不再是函数。 这与 Python 2.2 " +"是一致的，在 Python 2.2 中，:class:`int`，:class:`str` 等也经历了同样的变化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:966 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:968 +msgid "" +"Here are all of the changes that Python 2.3 makes to the core Python " +"language." +msgstr "以下是 Python 2.3 针对核心 Python 语言的所有改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:970 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`yield` statement is now always a keyword, as described in " +"section :ref:`section-generators` of this document." +msgstr ":keyword:`yield` 语句现在将始终是关键字，如本文档的 :ref:`section-generators` 一节所描述的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:973 +msgid "" +"A new built-in function :func:`enumerate` was added, as described in section" +" :ref:`section-enumerate` of this document." +msgstr "新增内置函数 :func:`enumerate`，如本文档的 :ref:`section-enumerate` 一节所描述的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:976 +msgid "" +"Two new constants, :const:`True` and :const:`False` were added along with " +"the built-in :class:`bool` type, as described in section :ref:`section-bool`" +" of this document." +msgstr "" +"新增两个常量 :const:`True` 和 :const:`False` 以及内置的 :class:`bool` 类型，如本文档的 " +":ref:`section-bool` 一节所描述的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:980 +msgid "" +"The :func:`int` type constructor will now return a long integer instead of " +"raising an :exc:`OverflowError` when a string or floating-point number is " +"too large to fit into an integer. This can lead to the paradoxical result " +"that ``isinstance(int(expression), int)`` is false, but that seems unlikely " +"to cause problems in practice." +msgstr "" +":func:`int` 类型构造函数现在会返回一个长整数，而不会在字符串或浮点数太大而无法放入整数时引发 :exc:`OverflowError`。 " +"这可能会导致 ``isinstance(int(expression), int)`` 为假的矛盾结果，但在实践中似乎不太可能造成问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:986 +msgid "" +"Built-in types now support the extended slicing syntax, as described in " +"section :ref:`section-slices` of this document." +msgstr "内置类型现在支持扩展的切分语法，详见本文档 :ref:`section-slices` 一节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:989 +msgid "" +"A new built-in function, ``sum(iterable, start=0)``, adds up the numeric " +"items in the iterable object and returns their sum. :func:`sum` only " +"accepts numbers, meaning that you can't use it to concatenate a bunch of " +"strings. (Contributed by Alex Martelli.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:994 +msgid "" +"``list.insert(pos, value)`` used to insert *value* at the front of the list" +" when *pos* was negative. The behaviour has now been changed to be " +"consistent with slice indexing, so when *pos* is -1 the value will be " +"inserted before the last element, and so forth." +msgstr "" +"以前 ``list.insert(pos, value)`` 在 *pos* 为负值时会将 *value* 插入到列表的前面。 " +"现在，该行为已被修改为与切片索引一致，因此当 *pos* 为 -1 时，值将被插入最后一个元素之前，以此类推。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:999 +msgid "" +"``list.index(value)``, which searches for *value* within the list and " +"returns its index, now takes optional *start* and *stop* arguments to limit" +" the search to only part of the list." +msgstr "" +"``list.index(value)`` 会在列表中搜索 *value*，并返回其索引，现在可以使用可选的 *start* 和 *stop* " +"参数，将搜索范围限制在列表的一部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries have a new method, ``pop(key[, *default*])``, that returns the " +"value corresponding to *key* and removes that key/value pair from the " +"dictionary. If the requested key isn't present in the dictionary, *default*" +" is returned if it's specified and :exc:`KeyError` raised if it isn't. ::" +msgstr "" +"字典有一个新方法 ``pop(key[, *default*])``，可返回 *key* " +"对应的值，并从字典中删除该键/值对。如果请求的键不在字典中，如果指定了 *default*，则返回 *default*，如果没有指定则会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1008 +msgid "" +">>> d = {1:2}\n" +">>> d\n" +"{1: 2}\n" +">>> d.pop(4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 1, in ?\n" +"KeyError: 4\n" +">>> d.pop(1)\n" +"2\n" +">>> d.pop(1)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 1, in ?\n" +"KeyError: 'pop(): dictionary is empty'\n" +">>> d\n" +"{}\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> d = {1:2}\n" +">>> d\n" +"{1: 2}\n" +">>> d.pop(4)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 1, in ?\n" +"KeyError: 4\n" +">>> d.pop(1)\n" +"2\n" +">>> d.pop(1)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"stdin\", line 1, in ?\n" +"KeyError: 'pop(): dictionary is empty'\n" +">>> d\n" +"{}\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"There's also a new class method, ``dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)``, that " +"creates a dictionary with keys taken from the supplied iterator *iterable* " +"and all values set to *value*, defaulting to ``None``." +msgstr "" +"还有一个新的类方法 ``dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)``，用于创建一个字典，其键取自所提供的迭代器 " +"*iterable*，所有值设置为 *value*，默认为 ``None``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1029 +msgid "(Patches contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献补丁。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"Also, the :func:`dict` constructor now accepts keyword arguments to simplify" +" creating small dictionaries::" +msgstr "此外，现在 :func:`dict` 构建器可接受关键字参数以简化小型字典的创建::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1034 +msgid "" +">>> dict(red=1, blue=2, green=3, black=4)\n" +"{'blue': 2, 'black': 4, 'green': 3, 'red': 1}" +msgstr "" +">>> dict(red=1, blue=2, green=3, black=4)\n" +"{'blue': 2, 'black': 4, 'green': 3, 'red': 1}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1037 +msgid "(Contributed by Just van Rossum.)" +msgstr "（由 Just van Rossum 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`assert` statement no longer checks the ``__debug__`` flag, so " +"you can no longer disable assertions by assigning to ``__debug__``. Running " +"Python with the :option:`-O` switch will still generate code that doesn't " +"execute any assertions." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`assert` 语句将不再检查 ``__debug__`` 旗标，因此你无法再通过为 ``__debug__`` 赋值来禁用断言。 " +"使用 :option:`-O` 开关运行 Python 仍会生成不执行任何断言的代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1044 +msgid "" +"Most type objects are now callable, so you can use them to create new " +"objects such as functions, classes, and modules. (This means that the " +":mod:`!new` module can be deprecated in a future Python version, because you" +" can now use the type objects available in the :mod:`types` module.) For " +"example, you can create a new module object with the following code:" +msgstr "" +"大多数类型对象现在都是可调用的，因此您可以用它们来创建新对象，如函数、类和模块。（这意味着 :mod:`!new` 模块可以在未来的 Python " +"版本中被废弃，因为您现在可以使用 :mod:`types` 模块中可用的类型对象）。例如，您可以用下面的代码创建一个新的模块对象：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1052 +msgid "" +">>> import types\n" +">>> m = types.ModuleType('abc','docstring')\n" +">>> m\n" +"\n" +">>> m.__doc__\n" +"'docstring'" +msgstr "" +">>> import types\n" +">>> m = types.ModuleType('abc','docstring')\n" +">>> m\n" +"\n" +">>> m.__doc__\n" +"'docstring'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"A new warning, :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` was added to indicate " +"features which are in the process of being deprecated. The warning will " +"*not* be printed by default. To check for use of features that will be " +"deprecated in the future, supply " +":option:`-Walways::PendingDeprecationWarning:: <-W>` on the command line or " +"use :func:`warnings.filterwarnings`." +msgstr "" +"添加了一个新的警告 :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`，用于指示正在被废弃的功能。 默认情况下 *不会* 打印该警告。 " +"要检查是否使用了将来会被废弃的功能，可在命令行中提供 :option:`-Walways::PendingDeprecationWarning:: " +"<-W>` 或使用 :func:`warnings.filterwarnings`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"The process of deprecating string-based exceptions, as in ``raise \"Error " +"occurred\"``, has begun. Raising a string will now trigger " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "" +"与 ``raise \"Error occurred\"`` 一样，基于字符串的异常的废弃过程已经开始。 现在，引发字符串异常将触发 " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1069 +msgid "" +"Using ``None`` as a variable name will now result in a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` " +"warning. In a future version of Python, ``None`` may finally become a " +"keyword." +msgstr "" +"现在使用 ``None`` 作为变量名将导致 :exc:`SyntaxWarning` 警告。 在未来的 Python 版本中，``None`` " +"将最终成为一个保留关键字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1072 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!xreadlines` method of file objects, introduced in Python 2.1, is" +" no longer necessary because files now behave as their own iterator. " +":meth:`!xreadlines` was originally introduced as a faster way to loop over " +"all the lines in a file, but now you can simply write ``for line in " +"file_obj``. File objects also have a new read-only :attr:`!encoding` " +"attribute that gives the encoding used by the file; Unicode strings written " +"to the file will be automatically converted to bytes using the given " +"encoding." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.1 中引入的文件对象的 :meth:`!xreadlines` 方法已不再需要，因为文件现在可以作为自己的迭代器来运行。 引入 " +":meth:`!xreadlines` 的初衷是为了更快地循环遍历文件中的所有行，但现在只需写入 ``for line in file_obj`` " +"即可。 文件对象还有一个新的只读 :attr:`!encoding` 属性，它给出了文件使用的编码；写入文件的 Unicode " +"字符串将使用给定的编码自动转换为字节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"The method resolution order used by new-style classes has changed, though " +"you'll only notice the difference if you have a really complicated " +"inheritance hierarchy. Classic classes are unaffected by this change. " +"Python 2.2 originally used a topological sort of a class's ancestors, but " +"2.3 now uses the C3 algorithm as described in the paper `\"A Monotonic " +"Superclass Linearization for Dylan\" " +"`_. To " +"understand the motivation for this change, read Michele Simionato's article" +" :ref:`python_2.3_mro`, or read the thread on python-dev starting with the " +"message at https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-" +"dev/2002-October/029035.html. Samuele Pedroni first pointed out the problem " +"and also implemented the fix by coding the C3 algorithm." +msgstr "" +"新式类使用的方法解析顺序发生了变化，不过只有在继承层次结构非常复杂的情况下，你才会注意到这种差异。 经典类不受这一变化的影响。 Python 2.2 " +"最初使用类祖先的拓扑排序，但 2.3 现在使用 C3 算法，如论文 `\"A Monotonic Superclass Linearization " +"for Dylan\" " +"`_ 所述。 " +"要了解这一变化的动机，请阅读 Michele Simionato 的文章 :ref:`python_2.3_mro`，或阅读 python-dev 上从" +" https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2002-October/029035.html " +"开始的消息。 Samuele Pedroni 首先指出了这个问题，并通过编码 C3 算法实现了修复。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"Python runs multithreaded programs by switching between threads after " +"executing N bytecodes. The default value for N has been increased from 10 " +"to 100 bytecodes, speeding up single-threaded applications by reducing the " +"switching overhead. Some multithreaded applications may suffer slower " +"response time, but that's easily fixed by setting the limit back to a lower " +"number using ``sys.setcheckinterval(N)``. The limit can be retrieved with " +"the new :func:`!sys.getcheckinterval` function." +msgstr "" +"Python 运行多线程程序时，会在执行 N 个字节码后切换线程。 N 的默认值已从 10 个字节码增加到 100 " +"个，通过减少切换开销来加快单线程应用程序的速度。 一些多线程应用程序的响应时间可能会变慢，但这很容易解决，只需使用 " +"``sys.setcheckinterval(N)`` 将限制设回一个较低的数值即可。 使用新的 " +":func:`!sys.getcheckinterval` 函数可以检索限制值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"One minor but far-reaching change is that the names of extension types " +"defined by the modules included with Python now contain the module and a " +"``'.'`` in front of the type name. For example, in Python 2.2, if you " +"created a socket and printed its :attr:`!__class__`, you'd get this output::" +msgstr "" +"一个微小但影响深远的变化是，由 Python 附带的模块定义的扩展类型的名称现在包含模块和类型名称前面的 ``'.'``。 例如，在 Python " +"2.2 中，如果你创建了一个套接字并打印了它的 :attr:`!__class__`，你会得到这样的输出：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1106 +msgid "" +">>> s = socket.socket()\n" +">>> s.__class__\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> s = socket.socket()\n" +">>> s.__class__\n" +"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1110 +msgid "In 2.3, you get this::" +msgstr "在 2.3 中，您会得到以下信息：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1112 +msgid "" +">>> s.__class__\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> s.__class__\n" +"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"One of the noted incompatibilities between old- and new-style classes has " +"been removed: you can now assign to the :attr:`~type.__name__` and " +":attr:`~type.__bases__` attributes of new-style classes. There are some " +"restrictions on what can be assigned to :attr:`!__bases__` along the lines " +"of those relating to assigning to an instance's :attr:`~object.__class__` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1125 +msgid "String Changes" +msgstr "字符串的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`in` operator now works differently for strings. Previously, " +"when evaluating ``X in Y`` where *X* and *Y* are strings, *X* could only be " +"a single character. That's now changed; *X* can be a string of any length, " +"and ``X in Y`` will return :const:`True` if *X* is a substring of *Y*. If " +"*X* is the empty string, the result is always :const:`True`. ::" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`in` 运算符现在对字符串的作用不同了。 以前，当计算 ``X in Y`` 时，*X* 和 *Y* 都是字符串，*X* " +"只能是单字符。 现在情况有所改变；*X* 可以是任意长度的字符串，如果 *X* 是 *Y* 的子串，``X in Y`` 将返回 " +":const:`True`。 如果 *X* 是空字符串，结果总是 :const:`True`。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1133 +msgid "" +">>> 'ab' in 'abcd'\n" +"True\n" +">>> 'ad' in 'abcd'\n" +"False\n" +">>> '' in 'abcd'\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> 'ab' in 'abcd'\n" +"True\n" +">>> 'ad' in 'abcd'\n" +"False\n" +">>> '' in 'abcd'\n" +"True" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1140 +msgid "" +"Note that this doesn't tell you where the substring starts; if you need that" +" information, use the :meth:`~str.find` string method." +msgstr "请注意，这不会告诉您子串从哪里开始；如果需要该信息，请使用字符串方法 :meth:`~str.find`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~str.strip`, :meth:`~str.lstrip`, and :meth:`~str.rstrip` string " +"methods now have an optional argument for specifying the characters to " +"strip. The default is still to remove all whitespace characters::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~str.strip`、:meth:`~str.lstrip` 和 :meth:`~str.rstrip` " +"字符串方法现在有了一个可选参数，用于指定要删除的字符。默认值仍然是删除所有空白字符：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1147 +msgid "" +">>> ' abc '.strip()\n" +"'abc'\n" +">>> '><><><>'.strip('<>')\n" +"'abc'\n" +">>> '><><><>\\n'.strip('<>')\n" +"'abc<><><>\\n'\n" +">>> u'\\u4000\\u4001abc\\u4000'.strip(u'\\u4000')\n" +"u'\\u4001abc'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> ' abc '.strip()\n" +"'abc'\n" +">>> '><><><>'.strip('<>')\n" +"'abc'\n" +">>> '><><><>\\n'.strip('<>')\n" +"'abc<><><>\\n'\n" +">>> u'\\u4000\\u4001abc\\u4000'.strip(u'\\u4000')\n" +"u'\\u4001abc'\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1157 +msgid "(Suggested by Simon Brunning and implemented by Walter Dörwald.)" +msgstr "（由 Simon Brunning 提议并由 Walter Dörwald 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1159 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~str.startswith` and :meth:`~str.endswith` string methods now " +"accept negative numbers for the *start* and *end* parameters." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~str.startswith` 和 :meth:`~str.endswith` 字符串方法的 *start* 和 *end* " +"参数现在可接受负数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1162 +msgid "" +"Another new string method is :meth:`~str.zfill`, originally a function in " +"the :mod:`string` module. :meth:`~str.zfill` pads a numeric string with " +"zeros on the left until it's the specified width. Note that the ``%`` " +"operator is still more flexible and powerful than :meth:`~str.zfill`. ::" +msgstr "" +"另一个新增的字符串方法是 :meth:`~str.zfill`，原本是 :mod:`string` 模块中的一个函数。 " +":meth:`~str.zfill` 会在一个表示数字的字符串左侧填充零直至达到指定的宽度。 请注意 ``%`` 运算符相比 " +":meth:`~str.zfill` 仍然是更灵活和更强大的。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1167 +msgid "" +">>> '45'.zfill(4)\n" +"'0045'\n" +">>> '12345'.zfill(4)\n" +"'12345'\n" +">>> 'goofy'.zfill(6)\n" +"'0goofy'" +msgstr "" +">>> '45'.zfill(4)\n" +"'0045'\n" +">>> '12345'.zfill(4)\n" +"'12345'\n" +">>> 'goofy'.zfill(6)\n" +"'0goofy'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1174 +msgid "(Contributed by Walter Dörwald.)" +msgstr "（由 Walter Dörwald 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"A new type object, :class:`!basestring`, has been added. Both 8-bit strings " +"and Unicode strings inherit from this type, so ``isinstance(obj, " +"basestring)`` will return :const:`True` for either kind of string. It's a " +"completely abstract type, so you can't create :class:`!basestring` " +"instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"Interned strings are no longer immortal and will now be garbage-collected in" +" the usual way when the only reference to them is from the internal " +"dictionary of interned strings. (Implemented by Oren Tirosh.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1189 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1191 +msgid "" +"The creation of new-style class instances has been made much faster; they're" +" now faster than classic classes!" +msgstr "新式类实例的创建速度获得大幅提升；现在已经比经典类更快了！" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1194 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~list.sort` method of list objects has been extensively rewritten" +" by Tim Peters, and the implementation is significantly faster." +msgstr "列表对象的 :meth:`~list.sort` 方面已被 Tim Peters 全面改写，其实现的运行速度显著提高。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1197 +msgid "" +"Multiplication of large long integers is now much faster thanks to an " +"implementation of Karatsuba multiplication, an algorithm that scales better " +"than the *O*\\ (*n*\\ :sup:`2`) required for the grade-school multiplication" +" algorithm. (Original patch by Christopher A. Craig, and significantly " +"reworked by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"The ``SET_LINENO`` opcode is now gone. This may provide a small speed " +"increase, depending on your compiler's idiosyncrasies. See section " +":ref:`23section-other` for a longer explanation. (Removed by Michael " +"Hudson.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1206 +msgid "" +":func:`!xrange` objects now have their own iterator, making ``for i in " +"xrange(n)`` slightly faster than ``for i in range(n)``. (Patch by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"A number of small rearrangements have been made in various hotspots to " +"improve performance, such as inlining a function or removing some code. " +"(Implemented mostly by GvR, but lots of people have contributed single " +"changes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"The net result of the 2.3 optimizations is that Python 2.3 runs the pystone" +" benchmark around 25% faster than Python 2.2." +msgstr "2.3 优化的总体结果是 Python 2.3 运行 pystone 基准测试的速度比 Python 2.2 加快了大约 25%。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1221 +msgid "New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules" +msgstr "新增，改进和弃用的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"As usual, Python's standard library received a number of enhancements and " +"bug fixes. Here's a partial list of the most notable changes, sorted " +"alphabetically by module name. Consult the :file:`Misc/NEWS` file in the " +"source tree for a more complete list of changes, or look through the CVS " +"logs for all the details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1228 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`array` module now supports arrays of Unicode characters using the " +"``'u'`` format character. Arrays also now support using the ``+=`` " +"assignment operator to add another array's contents, and the ``*=`` " +"assignment operator to repeat an array. (Contributed by Jason Orendorff.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!bsddb` module has been replaced by version 4.1.6 of the `PyBSDDB " +"`_ package, providing a more complete " +"interface to the transactional features of the BerkeleyDB library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"The old version of the module has been renamed to :mod:`!bsddb185` and is " +"no longer built automatically; you'll have to edit :file:`Modules/Setup` to" +" enable it. Note that the new :mod:`!bsddb` package is intended to be " +"compatible with the old module, so be sure to file bugs if you discover any" +" incompatibilities. When upgrading to Python 2.3, if the new interpreter is " +"compiled with a new version of the underlying BerkeleyDB library, you will " +"almost certainly have to convert your database files to the new version. " +"You can do this fairly easily with the new scripts :file:`db2pickle.py` and " +":file:`pickle2db.py` which you will find in the distribution's " +":file:`Tools/scripts` directory. If you've already been using the PyBSDDB " +"package and importing it as :mod:`!bsddb3`, you will have to change your " +"``import`` statements to import it as :mod:`!bsddb`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1249 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`bz2` module is an interface to the bz2 data compression " +"library. bz2-compressed data is usually smaller than corresponding " +":mod:`zlib`\\ -compressed data. (Contributed by Gustavo Niemeyer.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"A set of standard date/time types has been added in the new :mod:`datetime` " +"module. See the following section for more details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1256 +msgid "" +"The Distutils :class:`!Extension` class now supports an extra constructor " +"argument named *depends* for listing additional source files that an " +"extension depends on. This lets Distutils recompile the module if any of " +"the dependency files are modified. For example, if :file:`sampmodule.c` " +"includes the header file :file:`sample.h`, you would create the " +":class:`!Extension` object like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"ext = Extension(\"samp\",\n" +" sources=[\"sampmodule.c\"],\n" +" depends=[\"sample.h\"])" +msgstr "" +"ext = Extension(\"samp\",\n" +" sources=[\"sampmodule.c\"],\n" +" depends=[\"sample.h\"])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Modifying :file:`sample.h` would then cause the module to be recompiled. " +"(Contributed by Jeremy Hylton.)" +msgstr "修改 :file:`sample.h` 将导致模块被重新编译。 （由 Jeremy Hylton 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"Other minor changes to Distutils: it now checks for the :envvar:`CC`, " +":envvar:`CFLAGS`, :envvar:`!CPP`, :envvar:`LDFLAGS`, and :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` " +"environment variables, using them to override the settings in Python's " +"configuration (contributed by Robert Weber)." +msgstr "" +"对 Distutils 的其他小修改：现在它会检查 :envvar:`CC`, :envvar:`CFLAGS`, :envvar:`!CPP`, " +":envvar:`LDFLAGS` 和 :envvar:`CPPFLAGS` 环境变量，使用它们来覆盖 Python 配置中的设置（由 Robert " +"Weber 贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"Previously the :mod:`doctest` module would only search the docstrings of " +"public methods and functions for test cases, but it now also examines " +"private ones as well. The :func:`~doctest.DocTestSuite` function creates a " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite` object from a set of :mod:`doctest` tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"The new ``gc.get_referents(object)`` function returns a list of all the " +"objects referenced by *object*." +msgstr "新的 ``gc.get_referents(object)`` 函数将返回由 *object* 引用的所有对象组成的列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1283 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`getopt` module gained a new function, :func:`~getopt.gnu_getopt`, " +"that supports the same arguments as the existing :func:`~getopt.getopt` " +"function but uses GNU-style scanning mode. The existing " +":func:`~getopt.getopt` stops processing options as soon as a non-option " +"argument is encountered, but in GNU-style mode processing continues, meaning" +" that options and arguments can be mixed. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1289 +msgid "" +">>> getopt.getopt(['-f', 'filename', 'output', '-v'], 'f:v')\n" +"([('-f', 'filename')], ['output', '-v'])\n" +">>> getopt.gnu_getopt(['-f', 'filename', 'output', '-v'], 'f:v')\n" +"([('-f', 'filename'), ('-v', '')], ['output'])" +msgstr "" +">>> getopt.getopt(['-f', 'filename', 'output', '-v'], 'f:v')\n" +"([('-f', 'filename')], ['output', '-v'])\n" +">>> getopt.gnu_getopt(['-f', 'filename', 'output', '-v'], 'f:v')\n" +"([('-f', 'filename'), ('-v', '')], ['output'])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1294 +msgid "(Contributed by Peter Åstrand.)" +msgstr "（由 Peter Åstrand 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`grp`, :mod:`pwd`, and :mod:`resource` modules now return enhanced " +"tuples::" +msgstr "现在 :mod:`grp`, :mod:`pwd` 和 :mod:`resource` 模块将返回加强版的元组::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1299 +msgid "" +">>> import grp\n" +">>> g = grp.getgrnam('amk')\n" +">>> g.gr_name, g.gr_gid\n" +"('amk', 500)" +msgstr "" +">>> import grp\n" +">>> g = grp.getgrnam('amk')\n" +">>> g.gr_name, g.gr_gid\n" +"('amk', 500)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1304 +msgid "The :mod:`gzip` module can now handle files exceeding 2 GiB." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`gzip` 模块能够处理超过 2 GiB 的文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`heapq` module contains an implementation of a heap queue " +"algorithm. A heap is an array-like data structure that keeps items in a " +"partially sorted order such that, for every index *k*, ``heap[k] <= " +"heap[2*k+1]`` and ``heap[k] <= heap[2*k+2]``. This makes it quick to remove" +" the smallest item, and inserting a new item while maintaining the heap " +"property is *O*\\ (log *n*). (See " +"https://xlinux.nist.gov/dads//HTML/priorityque.html for more information " +"about the priority queue data structure.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`heapq` module provides :func:`~heapq.heappush` and " +":func:`~heapq.heappop` functions for adding and removing items while " +"maintaining the heap property on top of some other mutable Python sequence " +"type. Here's an example that uses a Python list::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1318 +msgid "" +">>> import heapq\n" +">>> heap = []\n" +">>> for item in [3, 7, 5, 11, 1]:\n" +"... heapq.heappush(heap, item)\n" +"...\n" +">>> heap\n" +"[1, 3, 5, 11, 7]\n" +">>> heapq.heappop(heap)\n" +"1\n" +">>> heapq.heappop(heap)\n" +"3\n" +">>> heap\n" +"[5, 7, 11]" +msgstr "" +">>> import heapq\n" +">>> heap = []\n" +">>> for item in [3, 7, 5, 11, 1]:\n" +"... heapq.heappush(heap, item)\n" +"...\n" +">>> heap\n" +"[1, 3, 5, 11, 7]\n" +">>> heapq.heappop(heap)\n" +"1\n" +">>> heapq.heappop(heap)\n" +"3\n" +">>> heap\n" +"[5, 7, 11]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1332 +msgid "(Contributed by Kevin O'Connor.)" +msgstr "（由 Kevin O'Connor 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"The IDLE integrated development environment has been updated using the code " +"from the IDLEfork project (https://idlefork.sourceforge.net). The most " +"notable feature is that the code being developed is now executed in a " +"subprocess, meaning that there's no longer any need for manual ``reload()`` " +"operations. IDLE's core code has been incorporated into the standard library" +" as the :mod:`idlelib` package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1340 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`imaplib` module now supports IMAP over SSL. (Contributed by Piers " +"Lauder and Tino Lange.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`itertools` contains a number of useful functions for use with " +"iterators, inspired by various functions provided by the ML and Haskell " +"languages. For example, ``itertools.ifilter(predicate, iterator)`` returns " +"all elements in the iterator for which the function :func:`!predicate` " +"returns :const:`True`, and ``itertools.repeat(obj, N)`` returns ``obj`` *N* " +"times. There are a number of other functions in the module; see the " +"package's reference documentation for details. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"Two new functions in the :mod:`math` module, ``degrees(rads)`` and " +"``radians(degs)``, convert between radians and degrees. Other functions in " +"the :mod:`math` module such as :func:`math.sin` and :func:`math.cos` have " +"always required input values measured in radians. Also, an optional *base* " +"argument was added to :func:`math.log` to make it easier to compute " +"logarithms for bases other than ``e`` and ``10``. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1359 +msgid "" +"Several new POSIX functions (:func:`!getpgid`, :func:`!killpg`, " +":func:`!lchown`, :func:`!loadavg`, :func:`!major`, :func:`!makedev`, " +":func:`!minor`, and :func:`!mknod`) were added to the :mod:`posix` module " +"that underlies the :mod:`os` module. (Contributed by Gustavo Niemeyer, Geert" +" Jansen, and Denis S. Otkidach.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1365 +msgid "" +"In the :mod:`os` module, the :func:`!\\*stat` family of functions can now " +"report fractions of a second in a timestamp. Such time stamps are " +"represented as floats, similar to the value returned by :func:`time.time`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1369 +msgid "" +"During testing, it was found that some applications will break if time " +"stamps are floats. For compatibility, when using the tuple interface of the" +" :class:`~os.stat_result` time stamps will be represented as integers. When " +"using named fields (a feature first introduced in Python 2.2), time stamps " +"are still represented as integers, unless :func:`!os.stat_float_times` is " +"invoked to enable float return values::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1376 +msgid "" +">>> os.stat(\"/tmp\").st_mtime\n" +"1034791200\n" +">>> os.stat_float_times(True)\n" +">>> os.stat(\"/tmp\").st_mtime\n" +"1034791200.6335014" +msgstr "" +">>> os.stat(\"/tmp\").st_mtime\n" +"1034791200\n" +">>> os.stat_float_times(True)\n" +">>> os.stat(\"/tmp\").st_mtime\n" +"1034791200.6335014" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1382 +msgid "In Python 2.4, the default will change to always returning floats." +msgstr "在 Python 2.4 中，默认将改为总是返回浮点数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1384 +msgid "" +"Application developers should enable this feature only if all their " +"libraries work properly when confronted with floating-point time stamps, or " +"if they use the tuple API. If used, the feature should be activated on an " +"application level instead of trying to enable it on a per-use basis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1389 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`optparse` module contains a new parser for command-line arguments " +"that can convert option values to a particular Python type and will " +"automatically generate a usage message. See the following section for more" +" details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1394 +msgid "" +"The old and never-documented :mod:`!linuxaudiodev` module has been " +"deprecated, and a new version named :mod:`!ossaudiodev` has been added. The" +" module was renamed because the OSS sound drivers can be used on platforms " +"other than Linux, and the interface has also been tidied and brought up to " +"date in various ways. (Contributed by Greg Ward and Nicholas FitzRoy-Dale.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1400 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`platform` module contains a number of functions that try to " +"determine various properties of the platform you're running on. There are " +"functions for getting the architecture, CPU type, the Windows OS version, " +"and even the Linux distribution version. (Contributed by Marc-André " +"Lemburg.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1405 +msgid "" +"The parser objects provided by the :mod:`pyexpat ` module" +" can now optionally buffer character data, resulting in fewer calls to your " +"character data handler and therefore faster performance. Setting the parser" +" object's :attr:`~xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.buffer_text` attribute to " +":const:`True` will enable buffering." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"The ``sample(population, k)`` function was added to the :mod:`random` " +"module. *population* is a sequence or :class:`!xrange` object containing " +"the elements of a population, and :func:`~random.sample` chooses *k* " +"elements from the population without replacing chosen elements. *k* can be " +"any value up to ``len(population)``. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1416 +msgid "" +">>> days = ['Mo', 'Tu', 'We', 'Th', 'Fr', 'St', 'Sn']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 3) # Choose 3 elements\n" +"['St', 'Sn', 'Th']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 7) # Choose 7 elements\n" +"['Tu', 'Th', 'Mo', 'We', 'St', 'Fr', 'Sn']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 7) # Choose 7 again\n" +"['We', 'Mo', 'Sn', 'Fr', 'Tu', 'St', 'Th']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 8) # Can't choose eight\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +" File \"random.py\", line 414, in sample\n" +" raise ValueError, \"sample larger than population\"\n" +"ValueError: sample larger than population\n" +">>> random.sample(xrange(1,10000,2), 10) # Choose ten odd nos. under 10000\n" +"[3407, 3805, 1505, 7023, 2401, 2267, 9733, 3151, 8083, 9195]" +msgstr "" +">>> days = ['Mo', 'Tu', 'We', 'Th', 'Fr', 'St', 'Sn']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 3) # 选择 3 个元素\n" +"['St', 'Sn', 'Th']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 7) # 选择 7 个元素\n" +"['Tu', 'Th', 'Mo', 'We', 'St', 'Fr', 'Sn']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 7) # 再次选择 7 个\n" +"['We', 'Mo', 'Sn', 'Fr', 'Tu', 'St', 'Th']\n" +">>> random.sample(days, 8) # 无法选择八个\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in ?\n" +" File \"random.py\", line 414, in sample\n" +" raise ValueError, \"sample larger than population\"\n" +"ValueError: sample larger than population\n" +">>> random.sample(xrange(1,10000,2), 10) # Choose ten odd nos. under 10000\n" +"[3407, 3805, 1505, 7023, 2401, 2267, 9733, 3151, 8083, 9195]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1432 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`random` module now uses a new algorithm, the Mersenne Twister, " +"implemented in C. It's faster and more extensively studied than the " +"previous algorithm." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`random` 模块使用新的“梅森旋转”算法，并以 C 实现。 它的速度更快并且与之前的算法相比研究更充分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1436 +msgid "(All changes contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（所有改变均由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1438 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`readline` module also gained a number of new functions: " +":func:`~readline.get_history_item`, " +":func:`~readline.get_current_history_length`, and " +":func:`~readline.redisplay`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`readline` 模块也增加了几个新函数: :func:`~readline.get_history_item`, " +":func:`~readline.get_current_history_length` 和 :func:`~readline.redisplay`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1442 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!rexec` and :mod:`!Bastion` modules have been declared dead, and " +"attempts to import them will fail with a :exc:`RuntimeError`. New-style " +"classes provide new ways to break out of the restricted execution " +"environment provided by :mod:`!rexec`, and no one has interest in fixing " +"them or time to do so. If you have applications using :mod:`!rexec`, " +"rewrite them to use something else." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"(Sticking with Python 2.2 or 2.1 will not make your applications any safer " +"because there are known bugs in the :mod:`!rexec` module in those versions." +" To repeat: if you're using :mod:`!rexec`, stop using it immediately.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1452 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!rotor` module has been deprecated because the algorithm it uses " +"for encryption is not believed to be secure. If you need encryption, use " +"one of the several AES Python modules that are available separately." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1456 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`shutil` module gained a ``move(src, dest)`` function that " +"recursively moves a file or directory to a new location." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1459 +msgid "" +"Support for more advanced POSIX signal handling was added to the " +":mod:`signal` but then removed again as it proved impossible to make it work" +" reliably across platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module now supports timeouts. You can call the " +"``settimeout(t)`` method on a socket object to set a timeout of *t* seconds." +" Subsequent socket operations that take longer than *t* seconds to complete " +"will abort and raise a :exc:`socket.timeout` exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"The original timeout implementation was by Tim O'Malley. Michael Gilfix " +"integrated it into the Python :mod:`socket` module and shepherded it through" +" a lengthy review. After the code was checked in, Guido van Rossum rewrote " +"parts of it. (This is a good example of a collaborative development process" +" in action.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1474 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the :mod:`socket` module now ships with Secure Sockets Layer " +"(SSL) support." +msgstr "在 Windows，:mod:`socket` 模块现在将附带安全套接字层（SSL）支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1477 +msgid "" +"The value of the C :c:macro:`!PYTHON_API_VERSION` macro is now exposed at " +"the Python level as ``sys.api_version``. The current exception can be " +"cleared by calling the new :func:`!sys.exc_clear` function." +msgstr "" +"现在 C :c:macro:`!PYTHON_API_VERSION` 宏的值将在 Python 层级上暴露为 ``sys.api_version``。" +" 当前的异常可通过调用新的 :func:`!sys.exc_clear` 函数来清除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`tarfile` module allows reading from and writing to " +":program:`tar`\\ -format archive files. (Contributed by Lars Gustäbel.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1484 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`textwrap` module contains functions for wrapping strings " +"containing paragraphs of text. The ``wrap(text, width)`` function takes a " +"string and returns a list containing the text split into lines of no more " +"than the chosen width. The ``fill(text, width)`` function returns a single " +"string, reformatted to fit into lines no longer than the chosen width. (As " +"you can guess, :func:`~textwrap.fill` is built on top of " +":func:`~textwrap.wrap`. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1491 +msgid "" +">>> import textwrap\n" +">>> paragraph = \"Not a whit, we defy augury: ... more text ...\"\n" +">>> textwrap.wrap(paragraph, 60)\n" +"[\"Not a whit, we defy augury: there's a special providence in\",\n" +" \"the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, 'tis not to come; if it\",\n" +" ...]\n" +">>> print textwrap.fill(paragraph, 35)\n" +"Not a whit, we defy augury: there's\n" +"a special providence in the fall of\n" +"a sparrow. If it be now, 'tis not\n" +"to come; if it be not to come, it\n" +"will be now; if it be not now, yet\n" +"it will come: the readiness is all.\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" +">>> import textwrap\n" +">>> paragraph = \"Not a whit, we defy augury: ... more text ...\"\n" +">>> textwrap.wrap(paragraph, 60)\n" +"[\"Not a whit, we defy augury: there's a special providence in\",\n" +" \"the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, 'tis not to come; if it\",\n" +" ...]\n" +">>> print textwrap.fill(paragraph, 35)\n" +"Not a whit, we defy augury: there's\n" +"a special providence in the fall of\n" +"a sparrow. If it be now, 'tis not\n" +"to come; if it be not to come, it\n" +"will be now; if it be not now, yet\n" +"it will come: the readiness is all.\n" +">>>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1506 +msgid "" +"The module also contains a :class:`~textwrap.TextWrapper` class that " +"actually implements the text wrapping strategy. Both the " +":class:`~textwrap.TextWrapper` class and the :func:`~textwrap.wrap` and " +":func:`~textwrap.fill` functions support a number of additional keyword " +"arguments for fine-tuning the formatting; consult the module's documentation" +" for details. (Contributed by Greg Ward.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1512 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!thread` and :mod:`threading` modules now have companion modules, " +":mod:`!dummy_thread` and :mod:`!dummy_threading`, that provide a do-nothing " +"implementation of the :mod:`!thread` module's interface for platforms where " +"threads are not supported. The intention is to simplify thread-aware " +"modules (ones that *don't* rely on threads to run) by putting the following " +"code at the top::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1519 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" import threading as _threading\n" +"except ImportError:\n" +" import dummy_threading as _threading" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" import threading as _threading\n" +"except ImportError:\n" +" import dummy_threading as _threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1524 +msgid "" +"In this example, :mod:`!_threading` is used as the module name to make it " +"clear that the module being used is not necessarily the actual " +":mod:`threading` module. Code can call functions and use classes in " +":mod:`!_threading` whether or not threads are supported, avoiding an " +":keyword:`if` statement and making the code slightly clearer. This module " +"will not magically make multithreaded code run without threads; code that " +"waits for another thread to return or to do something will simply hang " +"forever." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1532 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`time` module's :func:`~time.strptime` function has long been an " +"annoyance because it uses the platform C library's :func:`~time.strptime` " +"implementation, and different platforms sometimes have odd bugs. Brett " +"Cannon contributed a portable implementation that's written in pure Python " +"and should behave identically on all platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1538 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`timeit` module helps measure how long snippets of Python code " +"take to execute. The :file:`timeit.py` file can be run directly from the " +"command line, or the module's :class:`~timeit.Timer` class can be imported " +"and used directly. Here's a short example that figures out whether it's " +"faster to convert an 8-bit string to Unicode by appending an empty Unicode " +"string to it or by using the :func:`!unicode` function::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1545 +msgid "" +"import timeit\n" +"\n" +"timer1 = timeit.Timer('unicode(\"abc\")')\n" +"timer2 = timeit.Timer('\"abc\" + u\"\"')\n" +"\n" +"# Run three trials\n" +"print timer1.repeat(repeat=3, number=100000)\n" +"print timer2.repeat(repeat=3, number=100000)\n" +"\n" +"# On my laptop this outputs:\n" +"# [0.36831796169281006, 0.37441694736480713, 0.35304892063140869]\n" +"# [0.17574405670166016, 0.18193507194519043, 0.17565798759460449]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1558 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!Tix` module has received various bug fixes and updates for the " +"current version of the Tix package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1561 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!Tkinter` module now works with a thread-enabled version of Tcl. " +"Tcl's threading model requires that widgets only be accessed from the thread" +" in which they're created; accesses from another thread can cause Tcl to " +"panic. For certain Tcl interfaces, :mod:`!Tkinter` will now automatically " +"avoid this when a widget is accessed from a different thread by marshalling" +" a command, passing it to the correct thread, and waiting for the results. " +"Other interfaces can't be handled automatically but :mod:`!Tkinter` will now" +" raise an exception on such an access so that you can at least find out " +"about the problem. See https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-" +"dev/2002-December/031107.html for a more detailed explanation of this " +"change. (Implemented by Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1572 +msgid "" +"Calling Tcl methods through :mod:`!_tkinter` no longer returns only " +"strings. Instead, if Tcl returns other objects those objects are converted " +"to their Python equivalent, if one exists, or wrapped with a " +":class:`!_tkinter.Tcl_Obj` object if no Python equivalent exists. This " +"behavior can be controlled through the :meth:`!wantobjects` method of " +":class:`!tkapp` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1578 +msgid "" +"When using :mod:`!_tkinter` through the :mod:`!Tkinter` module (as most " +"Tkinter applications will), this feature is always activated. It should not " +"cause compatibility problems, since Tkinter would always convert string " +"results to Python types where possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1583 +msgid "" +"If any incompatibilities are found, the old behavior can be restored by " +"setting the :attr:`!wantobjects` variable in the :mod:`!Tkinter` module to " +"false before creating the first :class:`!tkapp` object. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1587 +msgid "" +"import Tkinter\n" +"Tkinter.wantobjects = 0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1590 +msgid "Any breakage caused by this change should be reported as a bug." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!UserDict` module has a new :class:`!DictMixin` class which " +"defines all dictionary methods for classes that already have a minimum " +"mapping interface. This greatly simplifies writing classes that need to be " +"substitutable for dictionaries, such as the classes in the :mod:`shelve` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"Adding the mix-in as a superclass provides the full dictionary interface " +"whenever the class defines :meth:`~object.__getitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__setitem__`, :meth:`~object.__delitem__`, and :meth:`!keys`." +" For example::" +msgstr "" +"添加该混入类作为超类将在类定义了 :meth:`~object.__getitem__`, :meth:`~object.__setitem__`, " +":meth:`~object.__delitem__` 和 :meth:`!keys` 的时候提供完整的字典接口。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1602 +msgid "" +">>> import UserDict\n" +">>> class SeqDict(UserDict.DictMixin):\n" +"... \"\"\"Dictionary lookalike implemented with lists.\"\"\"\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.keylist = []\n" +"... self.valuelist = []\n" +"... def __getitem__(self, key):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... i = self.keylist.index(key)\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... raise KeyError\n" +"... return self.valuelist[i]\n" +"... def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... i = self.keylist.index(key)\n" +"... self.valuelist[i] = value\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... self.keylist.append(key)\n" +"... self.valuelist.append(value)\n" +"... def __delitem__(self, key):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... i = self.keylist.index(key)\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... raise KeyError\n" +"... self.keylist.pop(i)\n" +"... self.valuelist.pop(i)\n" +"... def keys(self):\n" +"... return list(self.keylist)\n" +"...\n" +">>> s = SeqDict()\n" +">>> dir(s) # See that other dictionary methods are implemented\n" +"['__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delitem__', '__doc__', '__getitem__',\n" +" '__init__', '__iter__', '__len__', '__module__', '__repr__',\n" +" '__setitem__', 'clear', 'get', 'has_key', 'items', 'iteritems',\n" +" 'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'keylist', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem',\n" +" 'setdefault', 'update', 'valuelist', 'values']" +msgstr "" +">>> import UserDict\n" +">>> class SeqDict(UserDict.DictMixin):\n" +"... \"\"\"Dictionary lookalike implemented with lists.\"\"\"\n" +"... def __init__(self):\n" +"... self.keylist = []\n" +"... self.valuelist = []\n" +"... def __getitem__(self, key):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... i = self.keylist.index(key)\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... raise KeyError\n" +"... return self.valuelist[i]\n" +"... def __setitem__(self, key, value):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... i = self.keylist.index(key)\n" +"... self.valuelist[i] = value\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... self.keylist.append(key)\n" +"... self.valuelist.append(value)\n" +"... def __delitem__(self, key):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... i = self.keylist.index(key)\n" +"... except ValueError:\n" +"... raise KeyError\n" +"... self.keylist.pop(i)\n" +"... self.valuelist.pop(i)\n" +"... def keys(self):\n" +"... return list(self.keylist)\n" +"...\n" +">>> s = SeqDict()\n" +">>> dir(s) # See that other dictionary methods are implemented\n" +"['__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delitem__', '__doc__', '__getitem__',\n" +" '__init__', '__iter__', '__len__', '__module__', '__repr__',\n" +" '__setitem__', 'clear', 'get', 'has_key', 'items', 'iteritems',\n" +" 'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'keylist', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem',\n" +" 'setdefault', 'update', 'valuelist', 'values']" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1639 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1641 +msgid "" +"The DOM implementation in :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` can now generate XML output" +" in a particular encoding by providing an optional encoding argument to the " +":meth:`~xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml` and " +":meth:`~xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml` methods of DOM nodes." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 中的 DOM 实现能够通过向 DOM 节点的 " +":meth:`~xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml` 和 " +":meth:`~xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml` 方法提供可选的 encoding 参数以特定的编码格式生成 XML " +"输出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1645 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!xmlrpclib` module now supports an XML-RPC extension for handling " +"nil data values such as Python's ``None``. Nil values are always supported " +"on unmarshalling an XML-RPC response. To generate requests containing " +"``None``, you must supply a true value for the *allow_none* parameter when " +"creating a :class:`!Marshaller` instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1651 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`!DocXMLRPCServer` module allows writing self-documenting XML-" +"RPC servers. Run it in demo mode (as a program) to see it in action. " +"Pointing the web browser to the RPC server produces pydoc-style " +"documentation; pointing xmlrpclib to the server allows invoking the actual " +"methods. (Contributed by Brian Quinlan.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1657 +msgid "" +"Support for internationalized domain names (RFCs 3454, 3490, 3491, and 3492)" +" has been added. The \"idna\" encoding can be used to convert between a " +"Unicode domain name and the ASCII-compatible encoding (ACE) of that name. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1661 +msgid "" +">{}>{}> u\"www.Alliancefrançaise.nu\".encode(\"idna\")\n" +"'www.xn--alliancefranaise-npb.nu'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1664 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module has also been extended to transparently convert " +"Unicode hostnames to the ACE version before passing them to the C library. " +"Modules that deal with hostnames such as :mod:`!httplib` and :mod:`ftplib`) " +"also support Unicode host names; :mod:`!httplib` also sends HTTP ``Host`` " +"headers using the ACE version of the domain name. :mod:`urllib` supports " +"Unicode URLs with non-ASCII host names as long as the ``path`` part of the " +"URL is ASCII only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1672 +msgid "" +"To implement this change, the :mod:`stringprep` module, the " +"``mkstringprep`` tool and the ``punycode`` encoding have been added." +msgstr "" +"为实现此项更改，增加了 :mod:`stringprep` 模块，``mkstringprep`` 工具以及 ``punycode`` 编码格式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1679 +msgid "Date/Time Type" +msgstr "Date/Time 类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1681 +msgid "" +"Date and time types suitable for expressing timestamps were added as the " +":mod:`datetime` module. The types don't support different calendars or many" +" fancy features, and just stick to the basics of representing time." +msgstr "" +"通过 :mod:`datetime` 模块增加了适用于表示时间戳的日期和时间类型。 这些类型并不支持其他的历法或很多丰富的特性，只专注于简单地表示时间。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"The three primary types are: :class:`~datetime.date`, representing a day, " +"month, and year; :class:`~datetime.time`, consisting of hour, minute, and " +"second; and :class:`~datetime.datetime`, which contains all the attributes " +"of both :class:`~datetime.date` and :class:`~datetime.time`. There's also a " +":class:`~datetime.timedelta` class representing differences between two " +"points in time, and time zone logic is implemented by classes inheriting " +"from the abstract :class:`~datetime.tzinfo` class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1692 +msgid "" +"You can create instances of :class:`~datetime.date` and " +":class:`~datetime.time` by either supplying keyword arguments to the " +"appropriate constructor, e.g. ``datetime.date(year=1972, month=10, " +"day=15)``, or by using one of a number of class methods. For example, the " +":meth:`~datetime.date.today` class method returns the current local date." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1698 +msgid "" +"Once created, instances of the date/time classes are all immutable. There " +"are a number of methods for producing formatted strings from objects::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1701 +msgid "" +">>> import datetime\n" +">>> now = datetime.datetime.now()\n" +">>> now.isoformat()\n" +"'2002-12-30T21:27:03.994956'\n" +">>> now.ctime() # Only available on date, datetime\n" +"'Mon Dec 30 21:27:03 2002'\n" +">>> now.strftime('%Y %d %b')\n" +"'2002 30 Dec'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1710 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~datetime.datetime.replace` method allows modifying one or more " +"fields of a :class:`~datetime.date` or :class:`~datetime.datetime` " +"instance, returning a new instance::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1713 +msgid "" +">>> d = datetime.datetime.now()\n" +">>> d\n" +"datetime.datetime(2002, 12, 30, 22, 15, 38, 827738)\n" +">>> d.replace(year=2001, hour = 12)\n" +"datetime.datetime(2001, 12, 30, 12, 15, 38, 827738)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1720 +msgid "" +"Instances can be compared, hashed, and converted to strings (the result is " +"the same as that of :meth:`~datetime.datetime.isoformat`). " +":class:`~datetime.date` and :class:`~datetime.datetime` instances can be " +"subtracted from each other, and added to :class:`~datetime.timedelta` " +"instances. The largest missing feature is that there's no standard library " +"support for parsing strings and getting back a :class:`~datetime.date` or " +":class:`~datetime.datetime`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1727 +msgid "" +"For more information, refer to the module's reference documentation. " +"(Contributed by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "更多相关信息，请参阅模块的参考文档。 （由 Tim Peters 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1734 +msgid "The optparse Module" +msgstr "optparse 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1736 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`getopt` module provides simple parsing of command-line arguments." +" The new :mod:`optparse` module (originally named Optik) provides more " +"elaborate command-line parsing that follows the Unix conventions, " +"automatically creates the output for :option:`!--help`, and can perform " +"different actions for different options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1742 +msgid "" +"You start by creating an instance of :class:`~optparse.OptionParser` and " +"telling it what your program's options are. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"from optparse import OptionParser\n" +"\n" +"op = OptionParser()\n" +"op.add_option('-i', '--input',\n" +" action='store', type='string', dest='input',\n" +" help='set input filename')\n" +"op.add_option('-l', '--length',\n" +" action='store', type='int', dest='length',\n" +" help='set maximum length of output')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1756 +msgid "" +"Parsing a command line is then done by calling the " +":meth:`~optparse.OptionParser.parse_args` method. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1758 +msgid "" +"options, args = op.parse_args(sys.argv[1:])\n" +"print options\n" +"print args" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1762 +msgid "" +"This returns an object containing all of the option values, and a list of " +"strings containing the remaining arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1765 +msgid "" +"Invoking the script with the various arguments now works as you'd expect it " +"to. Note that the length argument is automatically converted to an integer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1768 +msgid "" +"$ ./python opt.py -i data arg1\n" +"\n" +"['arg1']\n" +"$ ./python opt.py --input=data --length=4\n" +"\n" +"[]\n" +"$" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1778 +msgid "The help message is automatically generated for you:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"$ ./python opt.py --help\n" +"usage: opt.py [options]\n" +"\n" +"options:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -iINPUT, --input=INPUT\n" +" set input filename\n" +" -lLENGTH, --length=LENGTH\n" +" set maximum length of output\n" +"$" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1793 +msgid "See the module's documentation for more details." +msgstr "有关更多详细信息，请参见模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"Optik was written by Greg Ward, with suggestions from the readers of the " +"Getopt SIG." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1805 +msgid "Pymalloc: A Specialized Object Allocator" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1807 +msgid "" +"Pymalloc, a specialized object allocator written by Vladimir Marangozov, was" +" a feature added to Python 2.1. Pymalloc is intended to be faster than the " +"system :c:func:`malloc` and to have less memory overhead for allocation " +"patterns typical of Python programs. The allocator uses C's :c:func:`malloc`" +" function to get large pools of memory and then fulfills smaller memory " +"requests from these pools." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1813 +msgid "" +"In 2.1 and 2.2, pymalloc was an experimental feature and wasn't enabled by " +"default; you had to explicitly enable it when compiling Python by providing " +"the :option:`!--with-pymalloc` option to the :program:`configure` script. " +"In 2.3, pymalloc has had further enhancements and is now enabled by default;" +" you'll have to supply :option:`!--without-pymalloc` to disable it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1819 +msgid "" +"This change is transparent to code written in Python; however, pymalloc may " +"expose bugs in C extensions. Authors of C extension modules should test " +"their code with pymalloc enabled, because some incorrect code may cause core" +" dumps at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"There's one particularly common error that causes problems. There are a " +"number of memory allocation functions in Python's C API that have previously" +" just been aliases for the C library's :c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free`, " +"meaning that if you accidentally called mismatched functions the error " +"wouldn't be noticeable. When the object allocator is enabled, these " +"functions aren't aliases of :c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free` any more, " +"and calling the wrong function to free memory may get you a core dump. For " +"example, if memory was allocated using :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, it has to " +"be freed using :c:func:`PyObject_Free`, not :c:func:`free`. A few modules " +"included with Python fell afoul of this and had to be fixed; doubtless there" +" are more third-party modules that will have the same problem." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1836 +msgid "" +"As part of this change, the confusing multiple interfaces for allocating " +"memory have been consolidated down into two API families. Memory allocated " +"with one family must not be manipulated with functions from the other " +"family. There is one family for allocating chunks of memory and another " +"family of functions specifically for allocating Python objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1842 +msgid "" +"To allocate and free an undistinguished chunk of memory use the \"raw " +"memory\" family: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`, and " +":c:func:`PyMem_Free`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"The \"object memory\" family is the interface to the pymalloc facility " +"described above and is biased towards a large number of \"small\" " +"allocations: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`, and " +":c:func:`PyObject_Free`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1849 +msgid "" +"To allocate and free Python objects, use the \"object\" family " +":c:macro:`PyObject_New`, :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`, and " +":c:func:`PyObject_Del`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1852 +msgid "" +"Thanks to lots of work by Tim Peters, pymalloc in 2.3 also provides " +"debugging features to catch memory overwrites and doubled frees in both " +"extension modules and in the interpreter itself. To enable this support, " +"compile a debugging version of the Python interpreter by running " +":program:`configure` with :option:`!--with-pydebug`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"To aid extension writers, a header file :file:`Misc/pymemcompat.h` is " +"distributed with the source to Python 2.3 that allows Python extensions to " +"use the 2.3 interfaces to memory allocation while compiling against any " +"version of Python since 1.5.2. You would copy the file from Python's source" +" distribution and bundle it with the source of your extension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1867 +msgid "https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/default/Objects/obmalloc.c" +msgstr "https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/default/Objects/obmalloc.c" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1868 +msgid "" +"For the full details of the pymalloc implementation, see the comments at the" +" top of the file :file:`Objects/obmalloc.c` in the Python source code. The " +"above link points to the file within the python.org SVN browser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1876 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1878 +msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" +msgstr "针对 Python 构建过程和 C API 的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1880 +msgid "" +"The cycle detection implementation used by the garbage collection has proven" +" to be stable, so it's now been made mandatory. You can no longer compile " +"Python without it, and the :option:`!--with-cycle-gc` switch to " +":program:`configure` has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1885 +msgid "" +"Python can now optionally be built as a shared library " +"(:file:`libpython2.3.so`) by supplying :option:`!--enable-shared` when " +"running Python's :program:`configure` script. (Contributed by Ondrej " +"Palkovsky.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1889 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`!DL_EXPORT` and :c:macro:`!DL_IMPORT` macros are now " +"deprecated. Initialization functions for Python extension modules should now" +" be declared using the new macro :c:macro:`PyMODINIT_FUNC`, while the Python" +" core will generally use the :c:macro:`!PyAPI_FUNC` and " +":c:macro:`!PyAPI_DATA` macros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1894 +msgid "" +"The interpreter can be compiled without any docstrings for the built-in " +"functions and modules by supplying :option:`!--without-doc-strings` to the " +":program:`configure` script. This makes the Python executable about 10% " +"smaller, but will also mean that you can't get help for Python's built-ins." +" (Contributed by Gustavo Niemeyer.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1900 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyArg_NoArgs` macro is now deprecated, and code that uses it " +"should be changed. For Python 2.2 and later, the method definition table " +"can specify the :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` flag, signalling that there are no " +"arguments, and the argument checking can then be removed. If compatibility " +"with pre-2.2 versions of Python is important, the code could use " +"``PyArg_ParseTuple(args, \"\")`` instead, but this will be slower than using" +" :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1907 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` accepts new format characters for various sizes " +"of unsigned integers: ``B`` for :c:expr:`unsigned char`, ``H`` for " +":c:expr:`unsigned short int`, ``I`` for :c:expr:`unsigned int`, and ``K`` " +"for :c:expr:`unsigned long long`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1912 +msgid "" +"A new function, ``PyObject_DelItemString(mapping, char *key)`` was added as " +"shorthand for ``PyObject_DelItem(mapping, PyString_New(key))``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1915 +msgid "" +"File objects now manage their internal string buffer differently, increasing" +" it exponentially when needed. This results in the benchmark tests in " +":file:`Lib/test/test_bufio.py` speeding up considerably (from 57 seconds to " +"1.7 seconds, according to one measurement)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1920 +msgid "" +"It's now possible to define class and static methods for a C extension type " +"by setting either the :c:macro:`METH_CLASS` or :c:macro:`METH_STATIC` flags " +"in a method's :c:type:`PyMethodDef` structure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1924 +msgid "" +"Python now includes a copy of the Expat XML parser's source code, removing " +"any dependence on a system version or local installation of Expat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1927 +msgid "" +"If you dynamically allocate type objects in your extension, you should be " +"aware of a change in the rules relating to the :attr:`~type.__module__` and " +":attr:`~type.__name__` attributes. In summary, you will want to ensure the " +"type's dictionary contains a ``'__module__'`` key; making the module name " +"the part of the type name leading up to the final period will no longer have" +" the desired effect. For more detail, read the API reference documentation " +"or the source." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1938 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes" +msgstr "移植专属的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1940 +msgid "" +"Support for a port to IBM's OS/2 using the EMX runtime environment was " +"merged into the main Python source tree. EMX is a POSIX emulation layer " +"over the OS/2 system APIs. The Python port for EMX tries to support all the" +" POSIX-like capability exposed by the EMX runtime, and mostly succeeds; " +":func:`!fork` and :func:`fcntl` are restricted by the limitations of the " +"underlying emulation layer. The standard OS/2 port, which uses IBM's Visual" +" Age compiler, also gained support for case-sensitive import semantics as " +"part of the integration of the EMX port into CVS. (Contributed by Andrew " +"MacIntyre.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1949 +msgid "" +"On MacOS, most toolbox modules have been weaklinked to improve backward " +"compatibility. This means that modules will no longer fail to load if a " +"single routine is missing on the current OS version. Instead calling the " +"missing routine will raise an exception. (Contributed by Jack Jansen.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"The RPM spec files, found in the :file:`Misc/RPM/` directory in the Python " +"source distribution, were updated for 2.3. (Contributed by Sean " +"Reifschneider.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1957 +msgid "" +"Other new platforms now supported by Python include AtheOS " +"(http://www.atheos.cx/), GNU/Hurd, and OpenVMS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1966 +msgid "Other Changes and Fixes" +msgstr "其他的改变和修正" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"As usual, there were a bunch of other improvements and bugfixes scattered " +"throughout the source tree. A search through the CVS change logs finds " +"there were 523 patches applied and 514 bugs fixed between Python 2.2 and " +"2.3. Both figures are likely to be underestimates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1973 +msgid "Some of the more notable changes are:" +msgstr "一些较为重要的改变:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1975 +msgid "" +"If the :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT` environment variable is set, the Python " +"interpreter will enter the interactive prompt after running a Python " +"program, as if Python had been invoked with the :option:`-i` option. The " +"environment variable can be set before running the Python interpreter, or it" +" can be set by the Python program as part of its execution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1981 +msgid "" +"The :file:`regrtest.py` script now provides a way to allow \"all resources " +"except *foo*.\" A resource name passed to the :option:`!-u` option can now " +"be prefixed with a hyphen (``'-'``) to mean \"remove this resource.\" For " +"example, the option '``-uall,-bsddb``' could be used to enable the use of " +"all resources except ``bsddb``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"The tools used to build the documentation now work under Cygwin as well as " +"Unix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1990 +msgid "" +"The ``SET_LINENO`` opcode has been removed. Back in the mists of time, this" +" opcode was needed to produce line numbers in tracebacks and support trace " +"functions (for, e.g., :mod:`pdb`). Since Python 1.5, the line numbers in " +"tracebacks have been computed using a different mechanism that works with " +"\"python -O\". For Python 2.3 Michael Hudson implemented a similar scheme " +"to determine when to call the trace function, removing the need for " +"``SET_LINENO`` entirely." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:1998 +msgid "" +"It would be difficult to detect any resulting difference from Python code, " +"apart from a slight speed up when Python is run without :option:`-O`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"C extensions that access the :attr:`~frame.f_lineno` field of frame objects " +"should instead call ``PyCode_Addr2Line(f->f_code, f->f_lasti)``. This will " +"have the added effect of making the code work as desired under \"python -O\"" +" in earlier versions of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2006 +msgid "" +"A nifty new feature is that trace functions can now assign to the " +":attr:`~frame.f_lineno` attribute of frame objects, changing the line that " +"will be executed next. A ``jump`` command has been added to the :mod:`pdb` " +"debugger taking advantage of this new feature. (Implemented by Richie " +"Hindle.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2015 +msgid "Porting to Python 2.3" +msgstr "移植到 Python 2.3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2017 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes that may require changes to " +"your code:" +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的可能需要修改你的代码的改变：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2020 +msgid "" +":keyword:`yield` is now always a keyword; if it's used as a variable name in" +" your code, a different name must be chosen." +msgstr "现在 :keyword:`yield` 始终是一个关键字；如果它在你的代码中被用作变量名，则必须选择不同的名称。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2023 +msgid "" +"For strings *X* and *Y*, ``X in Y`` now works if *X* is more than one " +"character long." +msgstr "对于字符串 *X* 和 *Y*，``X in Y`` 现在当 *X* 长度超过一个字符时也是有效的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2026 +msgid "" +"The :func:`int` type constructor will now return a long integer instead of " +"raising an :exc:`OverflowError` when a string or floating-point number is " +"too large to fit into an integer." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`int` 类型构造器在字符串或浮点数因太大而无法以整数类型来容纳时将返回一个长整数而不是引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2030 +msgid "" +"If you have Unicode strings that contain 8-bit characters, you must declare " +"the file's encoding (UTF-8, Latin-1, or whatever) by adding a comment to the" +" top of the file. See section :ref:`section-encodings` for more " +"information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2034 +msgid "" +"Calling Tcl methods through :mod:`!_tkinter` no longer returns only " +"strings. Instead, if Tcl returns other objects those objects are converted " +"to their Python equivalent, if one exists, or wrapped with a " +":class:`!_tkinter.Tcl_Obj` object if no Python equivalent exists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"Large octal and hex literals such as ``0xffffffff`` now trigger a " +":exc:`FutureWarning`. Currently they're stored as 32-bit numbers and result " +"in a negative value, but in Python 2.4 they'll become positive long " +"integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2043 +msgid "" +"There are a few ways to fix this warning. If you really need a positive " +"number, just add an ``L`` to the end of the literal. If you're trying to " +"get a 32-bit integer with low bits set and have previously used an " +"expression such as ``~(1 << 31)``, it's probably clearest to start with all " +"bits set and clear the desired upper bits. For example, to clear just the " +"top bit (bit 31), you could write ``0xffffffffL &~(1L<<31)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2050 +msgid "You can no longer disable assertions by assigning to ``__debug__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2052 +msgid "" +"The Distutils :func:`!setup` function has gained various new keyword " +"arguments such as *depends*. Old versions of the Distutils will abort if " +"passed unknown keywords. A solution is to check for the presence of the new" +" :func:`!get_distutil_options` function in your :file:`setup.py` and only " +"uses the new keywords with a version of the Distutils that supports them::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2058 +msgid "" +"from distutils import core\n" +"\n" +"kw = {'sources': 'foo.c', ...}\n" +"if hasattr(core, 'get_distutil_options'):\n" +" kw['depends'] = ['foo.h']\n" +"ext = Extension(**kw)" +msgstr "" +"from distutils import core\n" +"\n" +"kw = {'sources': 'foo.c', ...}\n" +"if hasattr(core, 'get_distutil_options'):\n" +" kw['depends'] = ['foo.h']\n" +"ext = Extension(**kw)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2065 +msgid "" +"Using ``None`` as a variable name will now result in a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` " +"warning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2068 +msgid "" +"Names of extension types defined by the modules included with Python now " +"contain the module and a ``'.'`` in front of the type name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2077 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:2079 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article:" +" Jeff Bauer, Simon Brunning, Brett Cannon, Michael Chermside, Andrew Dalke, " +"Scott David Daniels, Fred L. Drake, Jr., David Fraser, Kelly Gerber, " +"Raymond Hettinger, Michael Hudson, Chris Lambert, Detlef Lannert, Martin von" +" Löwis, Andrew MacIntyre, Lalo Martins, Chad Netzer, Gustavo Niemeyer, Neal " +"Norwitz, Hans Nowak, Chris Reedy, Francesco Ricciardi, Vinay Sajip, Neil " +"Schemenauer, Roman Suzi, Jason Tishler, Just van Rossum." +msgstr "" +"作者感谢以下人员为本文的各种草案提供建议，更正和帮助： Jeff Bauer, Simon Brunning, Brett Cannon, " +"Michael Chermside, Andrew Dalke, Scott David Daniels, Fred L. Drake, Jr., " +"David Fraser, Kelly Gerber, Raymond Hettinger, Michael Hudson, Chris " +"Lambert, Detlef Lannert, Martin von Löwis, Andrew MacIntyre, Lalo Martins, " +"Chad Netzer, Gustavo Niemeyer, Neal Norwitz, Hans Nowak, Chris Reedy, " +"Francesco Ricciardi, Vinay Sajip, Neil Schemenauer, Roman Suzi, Jason " +"Tishler, Just van Rossum." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:371 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.3.rst:371 +msgid "What's new" +msgstr "新变化" diff --git a/whatsnew/2.4.po b/whatsnew/2.4.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0ac0f12d --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.4.po @@ -0,0 +1,2433 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:3 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.4" +msgstr "Python 2.4 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:5 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:14 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 2.4.1, released on March " +"30, 2005." +msgstr "本文介绍了2005年3月30日发布的 Python 2.4.1 的新功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:17 +msgid "" +"Python 2.4 is a medium-sized release. It doesn't introduce as many changes " +"as the radical Python 2.2, but introduces more features than the " +"conservative 2.3 release. The most significant new language features are " +"function decorators and generator expressions; most other changes are to the" +" standard library." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.4 是一个中等规模的发布版。 它引入的变化没有激进的 Python 2.2 那么多，但比保守的 2.3 发布版引入了更多的特性。 " +"最主要的新语言特性是函数装饰器和生成器表达式；其他大部分改动都是针对标准库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:22 +msgid "" +"According to the CVS change logs, there were 481 patches applied and 502 " +"bugs fixed between Python 2.3 and 2.4. Both figures are likely to be " +"underestimates." +msgstr "" +"根据 CVS 变更日志，Python 2.3 和 2.4 之间共应用了 481 个补丁并修复了 502 个错误。 这两个数字可能都被低估了。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:25 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of every " +"single new feature, but instead provides a brief introduction to each " +"feature. For full details, you should refer to the documentation for Python" +" 2.4, such as the Python Library Reference and the Python Reference Manual." +" Often you will be referred to the PEP for a particular new feature for " +"explanations of the implementation and design rationale." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供每一个新特性的完整规范说明，而是对每个特性进行简要的介绍。 要了解完整细节，你应该参考 Python 2.4 的文档，如 Python " +"库参考和 Python 参考手册等。 通常你需要参阅特定新特性的 PEP 以了解有关具体实现和设计原理的说明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:36 +msgid "PEP 218: Built-In Set Objects" +msgstr "PEP 218: 内置集合对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:38 +msgid "" +"Python 2.3 introduced the :mod:`sets` module. C implementations of set data" +" types have now been added to the Python core as two new built-in types, " +"``set(iterable)`` and ``frozenset(iterable)``. They provide high speed " +"operations for membership testing, for eliminating duplicates from " +"sequences, and for mathematical operations like unions, intersections, " +"differences, and symmetric differences. ::" +msgstr "" +"Python 2.3 引入了 :mod:`sets` 模块。 现在集合数据类型的 C 语言实现作为两个新的内置类型 ``set(iterable)`` " +"和 ``frozenset(iterable)`` 被添加到 Python 内核中。 " +"它们为成员测试、消除序列中的重复数据以及并集、交集、差集和对称差集等数学运算提供了高速操作。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:45 +msgid "" +">>> a = set('abracadabra') # form a set from a string\n" +">>> 'z' in a # fast membership testing\n" +"False\n" +">>> a # unique letters in a\n" +"set(['a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'])\n" +">>> ''.join(a) # convert back into a string\n" +"'arbcd'\n" +"\n" +">>> b = set('alacazam') # form a second set\n" +">>> a - b # letters in a but not in b\n" +"set(['r', 'd', 'b'])\n" +">>> a | b # letters in either a or b\n" +"set(['a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'])\n" +">>> a & b # letters in both a and b\n" +"set(['a', 'c'])\n" +">>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both\n" +"set(['r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'])\n" +"\n" +">>> a.add('z') # add a new element\n" +">>> a.update('wxy') # add multiple new elements\n" +">>> a\n" +"set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'd', 'r', 'w', 'y', 'x', 'z'])\n" +">>> a.remove('x') # take one element out\n" +">>> a\n" +"set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'd', 'r', 'w', 'y', 'z'])" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The :func:`frozenset` type is an immutable version of :func:`set`. Since it " +"is immutable and hashable, it may be used as a dictionary key or as a member" +" of another set." +msgstr "" +":func:`frozenset` 类型是 :func:`set` 的不可变版本。 " +"由于它是不可变且不可哈希的对象，因而可被用作字典的键或另一个集合的成员。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:75 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sets` module remains in the standard library, and may be useful if" +" you wish to subclass the :class:`Set` or :class:`ImmutableSet` classes. " +"There are currently no plans to deprecate the module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`sets` 模块仍被保留在标准库中，如果你想要子类化 :class:`Set` 或 :class:`ImmutableSet` " +"类时会很有用处。 目前还没有弃用该模块的计划。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:82 +msgid ":pep:`218` - Adding a Built-In Set Object Type" +msgstr ":pep:`218` - 添加内置Set对象类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Originally proposed by Greg Wilson and ultimately implemented by Raymond " +"Hettinger." +msgstr "最初由 Greg Wilson 提出，由 Raymond Hettinger 最终实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:90 +msgid "PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers" +msgstr "PEP 237: 统一长整数和整数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:92 +msgid "" +"The lengthy transition process for this PEP, begun in Python 2.2, takes " +"another step forward in Python 2.4. In 2.3, certain integer operations that" +" would behave differently after int/long unification triggered " +":exc:`FutureWarning` warnings and returned values limited to 32 or 64 bits " +"(depending on your platform). In 2.4, these expressions no longer produce a" +" warning and instead produce a different result that's usually a long " +"integer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:99 +msgid "" +"The problematic expressions are primarily left shifts and lengthy " +"hexadecimal and octal constants. For example, ``2 << 32`` results in a " +"warning in 2.3, evaluating to 0 on 32-bit platforms. In Python 2.4, this " +"expression now returns the correct answer, 8589934592." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:107 +msgid ":pep:`237` - Unifying Long Integers and Integers" +msgstr ":pep:`237` - 统一长整数和整数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:108 +msgid "" +"Original PEP written by Moshe Zadka and GvR. The changes for 2.4 were " +"implemented by Kalle Svensson." +msgstr "原始PEP由 Moshe Zadka 和 GvR 撰写，2.4 的变更由 Kalle Svensson 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:115 +msgid "PEP 289: Generator Expressions" +msgstr "PEP 289: 生成器表达式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The iterator feature introduced in Python 2.2 and the :mod:`itertools` " +"module make it easier to write programs that loop through large data sets " +"without having the entire data set in memory at one time. List " +"comprehensions don't fit into this picture very well because they produce a " +"Python list object containing all of the items. This unavoidably pulls all " +"of the objects into memory, which can be a problem if your data set is very " +"large. When trying to write a functionally styled program, it would be " +"natural to write something like::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:125 +msgid "" +"links = [link for link in get_all_links() if not link.followed]\n" +"for link in links:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"links = [link for link in get_all_links() if not link.followed]\n" +"for link in links:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:129 +msgid "instead of ::" +msgstr "代替：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:131 +msgid "" +"for link in get_all_links():\n" +" if link.followed:\n" +" continue\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"for link in get_all_links():\n" +" if link.followed:\n" +" continue\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:136 +msgid "" +"The first form is more concise and perhaps more readable, but if you're " +"dealing with a large number of link objects you'd have to write the second " +"form to avoid having all link objects in memory at the same time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:140 +msgid "" +"Generator expressions work similarly to list comprehensions but don't " +"materialize the entire list; instead they create a generator that will " +"return elements one by one. The above example could be written as::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:144 +msgid "" +"links = (link for link in get_all_links() if not link.followed)\n" +"for link in links:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"links = (link for link in get_all_links() if not link.followed)\n" +"for link in links:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:148 +msgid "" +"Generator expressions always have to be written inside parentheses, as in " +"the above example. The parentheses signalling a function call also count, " +"so if you want to create an iterator that will be immediately passed to a " +"function you could write::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:153 +msgid "print sum(obj.count for obj in list_all_objects())" +msgstr "print sum(obj.count for obj in list_all_objects())" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Generator expressions differ from list comprehensions in various small ways." +" Most notably, the loop variable (*obj* in the above example) is not " +"accessible outside of the generator expression. List comprehensions leave " +"the variable assigned to its last value; future versions of Python will " +"change this, making list comprehensions match generator expressions in this " +"respect." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:164 +msgid ":pep:`289` - Generator Expressions" +msgstr ":pep:`289` - 生成器表达式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:165 +msgid "" +"Proposed by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Jiwon Seo with early " +"efforts steered by Hye-Shik Chang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:172 +msgid "PEP 292: Simpler String Substitutions" +msgstr "PEP 292: 更简单的字符串替换" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:174 +msgid "" +"Some new classes in the standard library provide an alternative mechanism " +"for substituting variables into strings; this style of substitution may be " +"better for applications where untrained users need to edit templates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:178 +msgid "" +"The usual way of substituting variables by name is the ``%`` operator::" +msgstr "按名称替换变量的常用方式是 ``%`` 运算符::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:180 +msgid "" +">>> '%(page)i: %(title)s' % {'page':2, 'title': 'The Best of Times'}\n" +"'2: The Best of Times'" +msgstr "" +">>> '%(page)i: %(title)s' % {'page':2, 'title': 'The Best of Times'}\n" +"'2: The Best of Times'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:183 +msgid "" +"When writing the template string, it can be easy to forget the ``i`` or " +"``s`` after the closing parenthesis. This isn't a big problem if the " +"template is in a Python module, because you run the code, get an " +"\"Unsupported format character\" :exc:`ValueError`, and fix the problem. " +"However, consider an application such as Mailman where template strings or " +"translations are being edited by users who aren't aware of the Python " +"language. The format string's syntax is complicated to explain to such " +"users, and if they make a mistake, it's difficult to provide helpful " +"feedback to them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:192 +msgid "" +"PEP 292 adds a :class:`Template` class to the :mod:`string` module that uses" +" ``$`` to indicate a substitution::" +msgstr "PEP 292 给 :mod:`string` 模块增加了一个 :class:`Template`，它使用 ``$`` 来表示替换::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:195 +msgid "" +">>> import string\n" +">>> t = string.Template('$page: $title')\n" +">>> t.substitute({'page':2, 'title': 'The Best of Times'})\n" +"'2: The Best of Times'" +msgstr "" +">>> import string\n" +">>> t = string.Template('$page: $title')\n" +">>> t.substitute({'page':2, 'title': 'The Best of Times'})\n" +"'2: The Best of Times'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:200 +msgid "" +"If a key is missing from the dictionary, the :meth:`substitute` method will " +"raise a :exc:`KeyError`. There's also a :meth:`safe_substitute` method that" +" ignores missing keys::" +msgstr "" +"如果某个键在字典中找不到，:meth:`substitute` 方法将引发 :exc:`KeyError`。 还有一个 " +":meth:`safe_substitute` 方法则会忽略找不到的键::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:204 +msgid "" +">>> t = string.Template('$page: $title')\n" +">>> t.safe_substitute({'page':3})\n" +"'3: $title'" +msgstr "" +">>> t = string.Template('$page: $title')\n" +">>> t.safe_substitute({'page':3})\n" +"'3: $title'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:211 +msgid ":pep:`292` - Simpler String Substitutions" +msgstr ":pep:`292` - 更简单的字符串替换" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:212 +msgid "Written and implemented by Barry Warsaw." +msgstr "由 Barry Warsaw 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:218 +msgid "PEP 318: Decorators for Functions and Methods" +msgstr "PEP 318: 函数和方法的装饰器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Python 2.2 extended Python's object model by adding static methods and class" +" methods, but it didn't extend Python's syntax to provide any new way of " +"defining static or class methods. Instead, you had to write a " +":keyword:`def` statement in the usual way, and pass the resulting method to " +"a :func:`staticmethod` or :func:`classmethod` function that would wrap up " +"the function as a method of the new type. Your code would look like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:227 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def meth (cls):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" meth = classmethod(meth) # Rebind name to wrapped-up class method" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:233 +msgid "" +"If the method was very long, it would be easy to miss or forget the " +":func:`classmethod` invocation after the function body." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:236 +msgid "" +"The intention was always to add some syntax to make such definitions more " +"readable, but at the time of 2.2's release a good syntax was not obvious. " +"Today a good syntax *still* isn't obvious but users are asking for easier " +"access to the feature; a new syntactic feature has been added to meet this " +"need." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:241 +msgid "" +"The new feature is called \"function decorators\". The name comes from the " +"idea that :func:`classmethod`, :func:`staticmethod`, and friends are storing" +" additional information on a function object; they're *decorating* functions" +" with more details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:246 +msgid "" +"The notation borrows from Java and uses the ``'@'`` character as an " +"indicator. Using the new syntax, the example above would be written::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:249 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +"\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def meth (cls):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:256 +msgid "" +"The ``@classmethod`` is shorthand for the ``meth=classmethod(meth)`` " +"assignment. More generally, if you have the following::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:259 +msgid "" +"@A\n" +"@B\n" +"@C\n" +"def f ():\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@A\n" +"@B\n" +"@C\n" +"def f ():\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:265 +msgid "It's equivalent to the following pre-decorator code::" +msgstr "它等价于以下无装饰器的代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:267 +msgid "" +"def f(): ...\n" +"f = A(B(C(f)))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:270 +msgid "" +"Decorators must come on the line before a function definition, one decorator" +" per line, and can't be on the same line as the def statement, meaning that " +"``@A def f(): ...`` is illegal. You can only decorate function definitions," +" either at the module level or inside a class; you can't decorate class " +"definitions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:275 +msgid "" +"A decorator is just a function that takes the function to be decorated as an" +" argument and returns either the same function or some new object. The " +"return value of the decorator need not be callable (though it typically is)," +" unless further decorators will be applied to the result. It's easy to " +"write your own decorators. The following simple example just sets an " +"attribute on the function object::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:282 +msgid "" +">>> def deco(func):\n" +"... func.attr = 'decorated'\n" +"... return func\n" +"...\n" +">>> @deco\n" +"... def f(): pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> f\n" +"\n" +">>> f.attr\n" +"'decorated'\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:295 +msgid "" +"As a slightly more realistic example, the following decorator checks that " +"the supplied argument is an integer::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:298 +msgid "" +"def require_int (func):\n" +" def wrapper (arg):\n" +" assert isinstance(arg, int)\n" +" return func(arg)\n" +"\n" +" return wrapper\n" +"\n" +"@require_int\n" +"def p1 (arg):\n" +" print arg\n" +"\n" +"@require_int\n" +"def p2(arg):\n" +" print arg*2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:313 +msgid "" +"An example in :pep:`318` contains a fancier version of this idea that lets " +"you both specify the required type and check the returned type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:316 +msgid "" +"Decorator functions can take arguments. If arguments are supplied, your " +"decorator function is called with only those arguments and must return a new" +" decorator function; this function must take a single function and return a " +"function, as previously described. In other words, ``@A @B @C(args)`` " +"becomes::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:321 +msgid "" +"def f(): ...\n" +"_deco = C(args)\n" +"f = A(B(_deco(f)))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Getting this right can be slightly brain-bending, but it's not too " +"difficult." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:327 +msgid "" +"A small related change makes the :attr:`func_name ` " +"attribute of functions writable. This attribute is used to display function" +" names in tracebacks, so decorators should change the name of any new " +"function that's constructed and returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:336 +msgid ":pep:`318` - Decorators for Functions, Methods and Classes" +msgstr ":pep:`318` - 函数、方法和类的装饰器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:337 +msgid "" +"Written by Kevin D. Smith, Jim Jewett, and Skip Montanaro. Several people " +"wrote patches implementing function decorators, but the one that was " +"actually checked in was patch #979728, written by Mark Russell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:341 +msgid "https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary" +msgstr "https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:342 +msgid "This Wiki page contains several examples of decorators." +msgstr "该Wiki页面包含几个装饰器示例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:348 +msgid "PEP 322: Reverse Iteration" +msgstr "PEP 322: 反向迭代" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:350 +msgid "" +"A new built-in function, ``reversed(seq)``, takes a sequence and returns an " +"iterator that loops over the elements of the sequence in reverse order. " +"::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:353 +msgid "" +">>> for i in reversed(xrange(1,4)):\n" +"... print i\n" +"...\n" +"3\n" +"2\n" +"1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:360 +msgid "" +"Compared to extended slicing, such as ``range(1,4)[::-1]``, :func:`reversed`" +" is easier to read, runs faster, and uses substantially less memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Note that :func:`reversed` only accepts sequences, not arbitrary iterators." +" If you want to reverse an iterator, first convert it to a list with " +":func:`list`. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:367 +msgid "" +">>> input = open('/etc/passwd', 'r')\n" +">>> for line in reversed(list(input)):\n" +"... print line\n" +"...\n" +"root:*:0:0:System Administrator:/var/root:/bin/tcsh\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:377 +msgid ":pep:`322` - Reverse Iteration" +msgstr ":pep:`322` - 反向迭代" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:378 +msgid "Written and implemented by Raymond Hettinger." +msgstr "由 Raymond Hettinger 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:384 +msgid "PEP 324: New subprocess Module" +msgstr "PEP 324: 新的子进程模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:386 +msgid "" +"The standard library provides a number of ways to execute a subprocess, " +"offering different features and different levels of complexity. " +"``os.system(command)`` is easy to use, but slow (it runs a shell process " +"which executes the command) and dangerous (you have to be careful about " +"escaping the shell's metacharacters). The :mod:`!popen2` module offers " +"classes that can capture standard output and standard error from the " +"subprocess, but the naming is confusing. The :mod:`subprocess` module " +"cleans this up, providing a unified interface that offers all the features " +"you might need." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:395 +msgid "" +"Instead of :mod:`!popen2`'s collection of classes, :mod:`subprocess` " +"contains a single class called :class:`subprocess.Popen` whose constructor " +"supports a number of different keyword arguments. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:399 +msgid "" +"class Popen(args, bufsize=0, executable=None,\n" +" stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,\n" +" preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False, shell=False,\n" +" cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=False,\n" +" startupinfo=None, creationflags=0):" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:405 +msgid "" +"*args* is commonly a sequence of strings that will be the arguments to the " +"program executed as the subprocess. (If the *shell* argument is true, " +"*args* can be a string which will then be passed on to the shell for " +"interpretation, just as :func:`os.system` does.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:410 +msgid "" +"*stdin*, *stdout*, and *stderr* specify what the subprocess's input, output," +" and error streams will be. You can provide a file object or a file " +"descriptor, or you can use the constant ``subprocess.PIPE`` to create a pipe" +" between the subprocess and the parent." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:418 +msgid "The constructor has a number of handy options:" +msgstr "此构造器有几个方便的选项:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:420 +msgid "" +"*close_fds* requests that all file descriptors be closed before running the " +"subprocess." +msgstr "*close_fds* 将在运行子进程之前请求关闭所有文件描述符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:423 +msgid "" +"*cwd* specifies the working directory in which the subprocess will be " +"executed (defaulting to whatever the parent's working directory is)." +msgstr "*cwd* 指定执行子进程将使用的工作目录（默认为父进程的工作目录）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:426 +msgid "*env* is a dictionary specifying environment variables." +msgstr "*env* 是一个指定环境变量的字典。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:428 +msgid "" +"*preexec_fn* is a function that gets called before the child is started." +msgstr "*preexec_fn* 是将在子进程启动之前被调用的函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:430 +msgid "" +"*universal_newlines* opens the child's input and output using Python's " +":term:`universal newlines` feature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:433 +msgid "" +"Once you've created the :class:`Popen` instance, you can call its " +":meth:`wait` method to pause until the subprocess has exited, :meth:`poll` " +"to check if it's exited without pausing, or ``communicate(data)`` to send " +"the string *data* to the subprocess's standard input. " +"``communicate(data)`` then reads any data that the subprocess has sent to " +"its standard output or standard error, returning a tuple ``(stdout_data, " +"stderr_data)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:440 +msgid "" +":func:`call` is a shortcut that passes its arguments along to the " +":class:`Popen` constructor, waits for the command to complete, and returns " +"the status code of the subprocess. It can serve as a safer analog to " +":func:`os.system`::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:444 +msgid "" +"sts = subprocess.call(['dpkg', '-i', '/tmp/new-package.deb'])\n" +"if sts == 0:\n" +" # Success\n" +" ...\n" +"else:\n" +" # dpkg returned an error\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:452 +msgid "" +"The command is invoked without use of the shell. If you really do want to " +"use the shell, you can add ``shell=True`` as a keyword argument and provide " +"a string instead of a sequence::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:456 +msgid "sts = subprocess.call('dpkg -i /tmp/new-package.deb', shell=True)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:458 +msgid "" +"The PEP takes various examples of shell and Python code and shows how they'd" +" be translated into Python code that uses :mod:`subprocess`. Reading this " +"section of the PEP is highly recommended." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:465 +msgid ":pep:`324` - subprocess - New process module" +msgstr ":pep:`324` - 子进程 - 新的进程模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:466 +msgid "" +"Written and implemented by Peter Åstrand, with assistance from Fredrik Lundh" +" and others." +msgstr "由 Peter Åstrand 在 Fredrik Lundh 等人的协助下撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:473 +msgid "PEP 327: Decimal Data Type" +msgstr "PEP 327: 十进制数据类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:475 +msgid "" +"Python has always supported floating-point (FP) numbers, based on the " +"underlying C :c:expr:`double` type, as a data type. However, while most " +"programming languages provide a floating-point type, many people (even " +"programmers) are unaware that floating-point numbers don't represent certain" +" decimal fractions accurately. The new :class:`Decimal` type can represent " +"these fractions accurately, up to a user-specified precision limit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:484 +msgid "Why is Decimal needed?" +msgstr "为什么需要十进制？" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The limitations arise from the representation used for floating-point " +"numbers. FP numbers are made up of three components:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:489 +msgid "The sign, which is positive or negative." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:491 +msgid "" +"The mantissa, which is a single-digit binary number followed by a " +"fractional part. For example, ``1.01`` in base-2 notation is ``1 + 0/2 + " +"1/4``, or 1.25 in decimal notation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:495 +msgid "" +"The exponent, which tells where the decimal point is located in the number " +"represented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:498 +msgid "" +"For example, the number 1.25 has positive sign, a mantissa value of 1.01 (in" +" binary), and an exponent of 0 (the decimal point doesn't need to be " +"shifted). The number 5 has the same sign and mantissa, but the exponent is 2" +" because the mantissa is multiplied by 4 (2 to the power of the exponent 2);" +" 1.25 \\* 4 equals 5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:504 +msgid "" +"Modern systems usually provide floating-point support that conforms to a " +"standard called IEEE 754. C's :c:expr:`double` type is usually implemented " +"as a 64-bit IEEE 754 number, which uses 52 bits of space for the mantissa. " +"This means that numbers can only be specified to 52 bits of precision. If " +"you're trying to represent numbers whose expansion repeats endlessly, the " +"expansion is cut off after 52 bits. Unfortunately, most software needs to " +"produce output in base 10, and common fractions in base 10 are often " +"repeating decimals in binary. For example, 1.1 decimal is binary " +"``1.0001100110011 ...``; .1 = 1/16 + 1/32 + 1/256 plus an infinite number of" +" additional terms. IEEE 754 has to chop off that infinitely repeated " +"decimal after 52 digits, so the representation is slightly inaccurate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:516 +msgid "Sometimes you can see this inaccuracy when the number is printed::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:518 +msgid "" +">>> 1.1\n" +"1.1000000000000001" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:521 +msgid "" +"The inaccuracy isn't always visible when you print the number because the " +"FP-to-decimal-string conversion is provided by the C library, and most C " +"libraries try to produce sensible output. Even if it's not displayed, " +"however, the inaccuracy is still there and subsequent operations can magnify" +" the error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:526 +msgid "" +"For many applications this doesn't matter. If I'm plotting points and " +"displaying them on my monitor, the difference between 1.1 and " +"1.1000000000000001 is too small to be visible. Reports often limit output " +"to a certain number of decimal places, and if you round the number to two or" +" three or even eight decimal places, the error is never apparent. However, " +"for applications where it does matter, it's a lot of work to implement your" +" own custom arithmetic routines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:534 +msgid "Hence, the :class:`Decimal` type was created." +msgstr "因此，创建了 :class:`Decimal` 类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:538 +msgid "The :class:`Decimal` type" +msgstr ":class:`Decimal` 类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:540 +msgid "" +"A new module, :mod:`decimal`, was added to Python's standard library. It " +"contains two classes, :class:`Decimal` and :class:`Context`. " +":class:`Decimal` instances represent numbers, and :class:`Context` instances" +" are used to wrap up various settings such as the precision and default " +"rounding mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:545 +msgid "" +":class:`Decimal` instances are immutable, like regular Python integers and " +"FP numbers; once it's been created, you can't change the value an instance " +"represents. :class:`Decimal` instances can be created from integers or " +"strings::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:550 +msgid "" +">>> import decimal\n" +">>> decimal.Decimal(1972)\n" +"Decimal(\"1972\")\n" +">>> decimal.Decimal(\"1.1\")\n" +"Decimal(\"1.1\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:556 +msgid "" +"You can also provide tuples containing the sign, the mantissa represented " +"as a tuple of decimal digits, and the exponent::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:559 +msgid "" +">>> decimal.Decimal((1, (1, 4, 7, 5), -2))\n" +"Decimal(\"-14.75\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Cautionary note: the sign bit is a Boolean value, so 0 is positive and 1 is " +"negative." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:565 +msgid "" +"Converting from floating-point numbers poses a bit of a problem: should the " +"FP number representing 1.1 turn into the decimal number for exactly 1.1, or " +"for 1.1 plus whatever inaccuracies are introduced? The decision was to dodge" +" the issue and leave such a conversion out of the API. Instead, you should " +"convert the floating-point number into a string using the desired precision " +"and pass the string to the :class:`Decimal` constructor::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:572 +msgid "" +">>> f = 1.1\n" +">>> decimal.Decimal(str(f))\n" +"Decimal(\"1.1\")\n" +">>> decimal.Decimal('%.12f' % f)\n" +"Decimal(\"1.100000000000\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:578 +msgid "" +"Once you have :class:`Decimal` instances, you can perform the usual " +"mathematical operations on them. One limitation: exponentiation requires an" +" integer exponent::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:582 +msgid "" +">>> a = decimal.Decimal('35.72')\n" +">>> b = decimal.Decimal('1.73')\n" +">>> a+b\n" +"Decimal(\"37.45\")\n" +">>> a-b\n" +"Decimal(\"33.99\")\n" +">>> a*b\n" +"Decimal(\"61.7956\")\n" +">>> a/b\n" +"Decimal(\"20.64739884393063583815028902\")\n" +">>> a ** 2\n" +"Decimal(\"1275.9184\")\n" +">>> a**b\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"decimal.InvalidOperation: x ** (non-integer)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:599 +msgid "" +"You can combine :class:`Decimal` instances with integers, but not with " +"floating-point numbers::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:602 +msgid "" +">>> a + 4\n" +"Decimal(\"39.72\")\n" +">>> a + 4.5\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: You can interact Decimal only with int, long or Decimal data types.\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:610 +msgid "" +":class:`Decimal` numbers can be used with the :mod:`math` and :mod:`cmath` " +"modules, but note that they'll be immediately converted to floating-point " +"numbers before the operation is performed, resulting in a possible loss of " +"precision and accuracy. You'll also get back a regular floating-point " +"number and not a :class:`Decimal`. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:616 +msgid "" +">>> import math, cmath\n" +">>> d = decimal.Decimal('123456789012.345')\n" +">>> math.sqrt(d)\n" +"351364.18288201344\n" +">>> cmath.sqrt(-d)\n" +"351364.18288201344j" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:623 +msgid "" +":class:`Decimal` instances have a :meth:`sqrt` method that returns a " +":class:`Decimal`, but if you need other things such as trigonometric " +"functions you'll have to implement them. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:627 +msgid "" +">>> d.sqrt()\n" +"Decimal(\"351364.1828820134592177245001\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:632 +msgid "The :class:`Context` type" +msgstr ":class:`Context` 类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:634 +msgid "" +"Instances of the :class:`Context` class encapsulate several settings for " +"decimal operations:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:637 +msgid ":attr:`prec` is the precision, the number of decimal places." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:639 +msgid "" +":attr:`rounding` specifies the rounding mode. The :mod:`decimal` module has" +" constants for the various possibilities: :const:`ROUND_DOWN`, " +":const:`ROUND_CEILING`, :const:`ROUND_HALF_EVEN`, and various others." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:643 +msgid "" +":attr:`traps` is a dictionary specifying what happens on encountering " +"certain error conditions: either an exception is raised or a value is " +"returned. Some examples of error conditions are division by zero, loss of " +"precision, and overflow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:648 +msgid "" +"There's a thread-local default context available by calling " +":func:`getcontext`; you can change the properties of this context to alter " +"the default precision, rounding, or trap handling. The following example " +"shows the effect of changing the precision of the default context::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:653 +msgid "" +">>> decimal.getcontext().prec\n" +"28\n" +">>> decimal.Decimal(1) / decimal.Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal(\"0.1428571428571428571428571429\")\n" +">>> decimal.getcontext().prec = 9\n" +">>> decimal.Decimal(1) / decimal.Decimal(7)\n" +"Decimal(\"0.142857143\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:661 +msgid "" +"The default action for error conditions is selectable; the module can either" +" return a special value such as infinity or not-a-number, or exceptions can " +"be raised::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:665 +msgid "" +">>> decimal.Decimal(1) / decimal.Decimal(0)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"decimal.DivisionByZero: x / 0\n" +">>> decimal.getcontext().traps[decimal.DivisionByZero] = False\n" +">>> decimal.Decimal(1) / decimal.Decimal(0)\n" +"Decimal(\"Infinity\")\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:674 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Context` instance also has various methods for formatting " +"numbers such as :meth:`to_eng_string` and :meth:`to_sci_string`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:677 +msgid "" +"For more information, see the documentation for the :mod:`decimal` module, " +"which includes a quick-start tutorial and a reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:683 +msgid ":pep:`327` - Decimal Data Type" +msgstr ":pep:`327` - 十进数据类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Written by Facundo Batista and implemented by Facundo Batista, Eric Price, " +"Raymond Hettinger, Aahz, and Tim Peters." +msgstr "" +"由 Facundo Batista 撰写，由Facundo Batista, Eric Price, Raymond Hettinger, Aahz 和" +" Tim Peters 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:687 +msgid "" +"`http://www.lahey.com/float.htm " +"`__" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:688 +msgid "" +"The article uses Fortran code to illustrate many of the problems that " +"floating-point inaccuracy can cause." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:691 +msgid "https://speleotrove.com/decimal/" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:692 +msgid "" +"A description of a decimal-based representation. This representation is " +"being proposed as a standard, and underlies the new Python decimal type. " +"Much of this material was written by Mike Cowlishaw, designer of the Rexx " +"language." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:700 +msgid "PEP 328: Multi-line Imports" +msgstr "PEP 328: 多行导入" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:702 +msgid "" +"One language change is a small syntactic tweak aimed at making it easier to " +"import many names from a module. In a ``from module import names`` " +"statement, *names* is a sequence of names separated by commas. If the " +"sequence is very long, you can either write multiple imports from the same " +"module, or you can use backslashes to escape the line endings like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:708 +msgid "" +"from SimpleXMLRPCServer import SimpleXMLRPCServer,\\\n" +" SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler,\\\n" +" CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler,\\\n" +" resolve_dotted_attribute" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:713 +msgid "" +"The syntactic change in Python 2.4 simply allows putting the names within " +"parentheses. Python ignores newlines within a parenthesized expression, so " +"the backslashes are no longer needed::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:717 +msgid "" +"from SimpleXMLRPCServer import (SimpleXMLRPCServer,\n" +" SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler,\n" +" CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler,\n" +" resolve_dotted_attribute)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:722 +msgid "" +"The PEP also proposes that all :keyword:`import` statements be absolute " +"imports, with a leading ``.`` character to indicate a relative import. This" +" part of the PEP was not implemented for Python 2.4, but was completed for " +"Python 2.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:729 +msgid ":pep:`328` - Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative" +msgstr ":pep:`328` - 导入：多行和绝对/相对导入" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:730 +msgid "Written by Aahz. Multi-line imports were implemented by Dima Dorfman." +msgstr "由 Aahz 撰写，多行导入由 Dima Dorfman 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:736 +msgid "PEP 331: Locale-Independent Float/String Conversions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:738 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`locale` modules lets Python software select various conversions " +"and display conventions that are localized to a particular country or " +"language. However, the module was careful to not change the numeric locale " +"because various functions in Python's implementation required that the " +"numeric locale remain set to the ``'C'`` locale. Often this was because the" +" code was using the C library's :c:func:`atof` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:745 +msgid "" +"Not setting the numeric locale caused trouble for extensions that used " +"third-party C libraries, however, because they wouldn't have the correct " +"locale set. The motivating example was GTK+, whose user interface widgets " +"weren't displaying numbers in the current locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:750 +msgid "" +"The solution described in the PEP is to add three new functions to the " +"Python API that perform ASCII-only conversions, ignoring the locale setting:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:753 +msgid "" +"``PyOS_ascii_strtod(str, ptr)`` and ``PyOS_ascii_atof(str, ptr)`` both " +"convert a string to a C :c:expr:`double`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:756 +msgid "" +"``PyOS_ascii_formatd(buffer, buf_len, format, d)`` converts a " +":c:expr:`double` to an ASCII string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:759 +msgid "" +"The code for these functions came from the GLib library (`https://developer-" +"old.gnome.org/glib/2.26/ " +"`__)," +" whose developers kindly relicensed the relevant functions and donated them " +"to the Python Software Foundation. The :mod:`locale` module can now change" +" the numeric locale, letting extensions such as GTK+ produce the correct " +"results." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:768 +msgid ":pep:`331` - Locale-Independent Float/String Conversions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:769 +msgid "Written by Christian R. Reis, and implemented by Gustavo Carneiro." +msgstr "由Christian R. Reis撰写，由 Gustavo Carneiro 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:775 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:777 +msgid "" +"Here are all of the changes that Python 2.4 makes to the core Python " +"language." +msgstr "以下是 Python 2.4 针对核心 Python 语言的所有改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:779 +msgid "Decorators for functions and methods were added (:pep:`318`)." +msgstr "增加了用于函数和方法的装饰器 (:pep:`318`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:781 +msgid "" +"Built-in :func:`set` and :func:`frozenset` types were added (:pep:`218`). " +"Other new built-ins include the ``reversed(seq)`` function (:pep:`322`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:784 +msgid "Generator expressions were added (:pep:`289`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:786 +msgid "" +"Certain numeric expressions no longer return values restricted to 32 or 64 " +"bits (:pep:`237`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:789 +msgid "" +"You can now put parentheses around the list of names in a ``from module " +"import names`` statement (:pep:`328`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:792 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`dict.update` method now accepts the same argument forms as the " +":class:`dict` constructor. This includes any mapping, any iterable of " +"key/value pairs, and keyword arguments. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:796 +msgid "" +"The string methods :meth:`ljust`, :meth:`rjust`, and :meth:`center` now take" +" an optional argument for specifying a fill character other than a space. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:800 +msgid "" +"Strings also gained an :meth:`rsplit` method that works like the " +":meth:`split` method but splits from the end of the string. (Contributed " +"by Sean Reifschneider.) ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:804 +msgid "" +">>> 'www.python.org'.split('.', 1)\n" +"['www', 'python.org']\n" +"'www.python.org'.rsplit('.', 1)\n" +"['www.python', 'org']" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Three keyword parameters, *cmp*, *key*, and *reverse*, were added to the " +":meth:`sort` method of lists. These parameters make some common usages of " +":meth:`sort` simpler. All of these parameters are optional." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:813 +msgid "" +"For the *cmp* parameter, the value should be a comparison function that " +"takes two parameters and returns -1, 0, or +1 depending on how the " +"parameters compare. This function will then be used to sort the list. " +"Previously this was the only parameter that could be provided to " +":meth:`sort`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:818 +msgid "" +"*key* should be a single-parameter function that takes a list element and " +"returns a comparison key for the element. The list is then sorted using the" +" comparison keys. The following example sorts a list case-insensitively::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:822 +msgid "" +">>> L = ['A', 'b', 'c', 'D']\n" +">>> L.sort() # Case-sensitive sort\n" +">>> L\n" +"['A', 'D', 'b', 'c']\n" +">>> # Using 'key' parameter to sort list\n" +">>> L.sort(key=lambda x: x.lower())\n" +">>> L\n" +"['A', 'b', 'c', 'D']\n" +">>> # Old-fashioned way\n" +">>> L.sort(cmp=lambda x,y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))\n" +">>> L\n" +"['A', 'b', 'c', 'D']" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:835 +msgid "" +"The last example, which uses the *cmp* parameter, is the old way to perform " +"a case-insensitive sort. It works but is slower than using a *key* " +"parameter. Using *key* calls :meth:`lower` method once for each element in " +"the list while using *cmp* will call it twice for each comparison, so using " +"*key* saves on invocations of the :meth:`lower` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:841 +msgid "" +"For simple key functions and comparison functions, it is often possible to " +"avoid a :keyword:`lambda` expression by using an unbound method instead. " +"For example, the above case-insensitive sort is best written as::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:845 +msgid "" +">>> L.sort(key=str.lower)\n" +">>> L\n" +"['A', 'b', 'c', 'D']" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:849 +msgid "" +"Finally, the *reverse* parameter takes a Boolean value. If the value is " +"true, the list will be sorted into reverse order. Instead of ``L.sort(); " +"L.reverse()``, you can now write ``L.sort(reverse=True)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:853 +msgid "" +"The results of sorting are now guaranteed to be stable. This means that two" +" entries with equal keys will be returned in the same order as they were " +"input. For example, you can sort a list of people by name, and then sort the" +" list by age, resulting in a list sorted by age where people with the same " +"age are in name-sorted order." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:859 +msgid "(All changes to :meth:`sort` contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:861 +msgid "" +"There is a new built-in function ``sorted(iterable)`` that works like the " +"in-place :meth:`list.sort` method but can be used in expressions. The " +"differences are:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:865 +msgid "the input may be any iterable;" +msgstr "输入可以是任意可迭代对象;" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:867 +msgid "a newly formed copy is sorted, leaving the original intact; and" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:869 +msgid "the expression returns the new sorted copy" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:873 +msgid "" +">>> L = [9,7,8,3,2,4,1,6,5]\n" +">>> [10+i for i in sorted(L)] # usable in a list comprehension\n" +"[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]\n" +">>> L # original is left unchanged\n" +"[9,7,8,3,2,4,1,6,5]\n" +">>> sorted('Monty Python') # any iterable may be an input\n" +"[' ', 'M', 'P', 'h', 'n', 'n', 'o', 'o', 't', 't', 'y', 'y']\n" +"\n" +">>> # List the contents of a dict sorted by key values\n" +">>> colormap = dict(red=1, blue=2, green=3, black=4, yellow=5)\n" +">>> for k, v in sorted(colormap.iteritems()):\n" +"... print k, v\n" +"...\n" +"black 4\n" +"blue 2\n" +"green 3\n" +"red 1\n" +"yellow 5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:892 ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:920 +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1213 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:894 ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1520 +msgid "" +"Integer operations will no longer trigger an :exc:`OverflowWarning`. The " +":exc:`OverflowWarning` warning will disappear in Python 2.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:897 +msgid "" +"The interpreter gained a new switch, :option:`-m`, that takes a name, " +"searches for the corresponding module on ``sys.path``, and runs the module " +"as a script. For example, you can now run the Python profiler with ``python" +" -m profile``. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:902 +msgid "" +"The ``eval(expr, globals, locals)`` and ``execfile(filename, globals, " +"locals)`` functions and the ``exec`` statement now accept any mapping type " +"for the *locals* parameter. Previously this had to be a regular Python " +"dictionary. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:907 +msgid "" +"The :func:`zip` built-in function and :func:`itertools.izip` now return an " +"empty list if called with no arguments. Previously they raised a " +":exc:`TypeError` exception. This makes them more suitable for use with " +"variable length argument lists::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:912 +msgid "" +">>> def transpose(array):\n" +"... return zip(*array)\n" +"...\n" +">>> transpose([(1,2,3), (4,5,6)])\n" +"[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]\n" +">>> transpose([])\n" +"[]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:922 +msgid "" +"Encountering a failure while importing a module no longer leaves a partially" +" initialized module object in ``sys.modules``. The incomplete module object" +" left behind would fool further imports of the same module into succeeding, " +"leading to confusing errors. (Fixed by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:927 +msgid "" +":const:`None` is now a constant; code that binds a new value to the name " +"``None`` is now a syntax error. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" +":const:`None` 现在是一个常量；将一个新值绑定到名称 ``None`` 的代码现在会造成语法错误。 （由 Raymond Hettinger" +" 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:934 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:936 +msgid "" +"The inner loops for list and tuple slicing were optimized and now run about " +"one-third faster. The inner loops for dictionaries were also optimized, " +"resulting in performance boosts for :meth:`keys`, :meth:`values`, " +":meth:`items`, :meth:`iterkeys`, :meth:`itervalues`, and :meth:`iteritems`. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:942 +msgid "" +"The machinery for growing and shrinking lists was optimized for speed and " +"for space efficiency. Appending and popping from lists now runs faster due " +"to more efficient code paths and less frequent use of the underlying system " +":c:func:`realloc`. List comprehensions also benefit. :meth:`list.extend` " +"was also optimized and no longer converts its argument into a temporary list" +" before extending the base list. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:949 +msgid "" +":func:`list`, :func:`tuple`, :func:`map`, :func:`filter`, and :func:`zip` " +"now run several times faster with non-sequence arguments that supply a " +":meth:`__len__` method. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:953 +msgid "" +"The methods :meth:`list.__getitem__`, :meth:`dict.__getitem__`, and " +":meth:`dict.__contains__` are now implemented as :class:`method_descriptor` " +"objects rather than :class:`wrapper_descriptor` objects. This form of " +"access doubles their performance and makes them more suitable for use as " +"arguments to functionals: ``map(mydict.__getitem__, keylist)``. (Contributed" +" by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:960 +msgid "" +"Added a new opcode, ``LIST_APPEND``, that simplifies the generated bytecode " +"for list comprehensions and speeds them up by about a third. (Contributed " +"by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:964 +msgid "" +"The peephole bytecode optimizer has been improved to produce shorter, " +"faster bytecode; remarkably, the resulting bytecode is more readable. " +"(Enhanced by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:968 +msgid "" +"String concatenations in statements of the form ``s = s + \"abc\"`` and ``s " +"+= \"abc\"`` are now performed more efficiently in certain circumstances. " +"This optimization won't be present in other Python implementations such as " +"Jython, so you shouldn't rely on it; using the :meth:`join` method of " +"strings is still recommended when you want to efficiently glue a large " +"number of strings together. (Contributed by Armin Rigo.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:975 +msgid "" +"The net result of the 2.4 optimizations is that Python 2.4 runs the pystone " +"benchmark around 5% faster than Python 2.3 and 35% faster than Python 2.2. " +"(pystone is not a particularly good benchmark, but it's the most commonly " +"used measurement of Python's performance. Your own applications may show " +"greater or smaller benefits from Python 2.4.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:991 +msgid "New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules" +msgstr "新增，改进和弃用的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:993 +msgid "" +"As usual, Python's standard library received a number of enhancements and " +"bug fixes. Here's a partial list of the most notable changes, sorted " +"alphabetically by module name. Consult the :file:`Misc/NEWS` file in the " +"source tree for a more complete list of changes, or look through the CVS " +"logs for all the details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:998 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!asyncore` module's :func:`!loop` function now has a *count* " +"parameter that lets you perform a limited number of passes through the " +"polling loop. The default is still to loop forever." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`base64` module now has more complete :rfc:`3548` support for " +"Base64, Base32, and Base16 encoding and decoding, including optional case " +"folding and optional alternative alphabets. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bisect` module now has an underlying C implementation for improved" +" performance. (Contributed by Dmitry Vasiliev.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"The CJKCodecs collections of East Asian codecs, maintained by Hye-Shik " +"Chang, was integrated into 2.4. The new encodings are:" +msgstr "由 Hye-Shik Chang 维护的东亚编解码器的 CJKCodecs 集合已集成到 2.4 中。新的编码为：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1012 +msgid "Chinese (PRC): gb2312, gbk, gb18030, big5hkscs, hz" +msgstr "汉语（大陆）: gb2312, gbk, gb18030, big5hkscs, hz" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1014 +msgid "Chinese (ROC): big5, cp950" +msgstr "汉语（台湾）: big5, cp950" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1016 +msgid "Japanese: cp932, euc-jis-2004, euc-jp, euc-jisx0213, iso-2022-jp," +msgstr "日语: cp932, euc-jis-2004, euc-jp, euc-jisx0213, iso-2022-jp," + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"iso-2022-jp-1, iso-2022-jp-2, iso-2022-jp-3, iso-2022-jp-ext, " +"iso-2022-jp-2004, shift-jis, shift-jisx0213, shift-jis-2004" +msgstr "" +"iso-2022-jp-1, iso-2022-jp-2, iso-2022-jp-3, iso-2022-jp-ext, " +"iso-2022-jp-2004, shift-jis, shift-jisx0213, shift-jis-2004" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1020 +msgid "Korean: cp949, euc-kr, johab, iso-2022-kr" +msgstr "韩语: cp949, euc-kr, johab, iso-2022-kr" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"Some other new encodings were added: HP Roman8, ISO_8859-11, ISO_8859-16, " +"PCTP-154, and TIS-620." +msgstr "添加了其他一些新的编码：HP Roman8, ISO_8859-11, ISO_8859-16, PCTP-154 和 TIS-620" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"The UTF-8 and UTF-16 codecs now cope better with receiving partial input. " +"Previously the :class:`StreamReader` class would try to read more data, " +"making it impossible to resume decoding from the stream. The :meth:`read` " +"method will now return as much data as it can and future calls will resume " +"decoding where previous ones left off. (Implemented by Walter Dörwald.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1031 +msgid "" +"There is a new :mod:`collections` module for various specialized collection" +" datatypes. Currently it contains just one type, :class:`deque`, a double-" +"ended queue that supports efficiently adding and removing elements from " +"either end::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1036 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> d = deque('ghi') # make a new deque with three items\n" +">>> d.append('j') # add a new entry to the right side\n" +">>> d.appendleft('f') # add a new entry to the left side\n" +">>> d # show the representation of the deque\n" +"deque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])\n" +">>> d.pop() # return and remove the rightmost item\n" +"'j'\n" +">>> d.popleft() # return and remove the leftmost item\n" +"'f'\n" +">>> list(d) # list the contents of the deque\n" +"['g', 'h', 'i']\n" +">>> 'h' in d # search the deque\n" +"True" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1051 +msgid "" +"Several modules, such as the :mod:`Queue` and :mod:`threading` modules, now " +"take advantage of :class:`collections.deque` for improved performance. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ConfigParser ` classes have been enhanced slightly. " +"The :meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.read` method now returns a list of the" +" files that were successfully parsed, and the " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.set` method raises :exc:`TypeError` if " +"passed a *value* argument that isn't a string. (Contributed by John " +"Belmonte and David Goodger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses` module now supports the ncurses extension " +":func:`use_default_colors`. On platforms where the terminal supports " +"transparency, this makes it possible to use a transparent background. " +"(Contributed by Jörg Lehmann.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`difflib` module now includes an :class:`HtmlDiff` class that " +"creates an HTML table showing a side by side comparison of two versions of a" +" text. (Contributed by Dan Gass.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1069 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` package was updated to version 3.0, which dropped various " +"deprecated APIs and removes support for Python versions earlier than 2.3. " +"The 3.0 version of the package uses a new incremental parser for MIME " +"messages, available in the :mod:`email.FeedParser` module. The new parser " +"doesn't require reading the entire message into memory, and doesn't raise " +"exceptions if a message is malformed; instead it records any problems in the" +" :attr:`defect` attribute of the message. (Developed by Anthony Baxter, " +"Barry Warsaw, Thomas Wouters, and others.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`heapq` module has been converted to C. The resulting tenfold " +"improvement in speed makes the module suitable for handling high volumes of " +"data. In addition, the module has two new functions :func:`nlargest` and " +":func:`nsmallest` that use heaps to find the N largest or smallest values in" +" a dataset without the expense of a full sort. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`httplib ` module now contains constants for HTTP status " +"codes defined in various HTTP-related RFC documents. Constants have names " +"such as :const:`OK`, :const:`CREATED`, :const:`CONTINUE`, and " +":const:`MOVED_PERMANENTLY`; use pydoc to get a full list. (Contributed by " +"Andrew Eland.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`imaplib` module now supports IMAP's THREAD command (contributed by" +" Yves Dionne) and new :meth:`deleteacl` and :meth:`myrights` methods " +"(contributed by Arnaud Mazin)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1094 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`itertools` module gained a ``groupby(iterable[, *func*])`` " +"function. *iterable* is something that can be iterated over to return a " +"stream of elements, and the optional *func* parameter is a function that " +"takes an element and returns a key value; if omitted, the key is simply the " +"element itself. :func:`groupby` then groups the elements into subsequences " +"which have matching values of the key, and returns a series of 2-tuples " +"containing the key value and an iterator over the subsequence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"Here's an example to make this clearer. The *key* function simply returns " +"whether a number is even or odd, so the result of :func:`groupby` is to " +"return consecutive runs of odd or even numbers. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1106 +msgid "" +">>> import itertools\n" +">>> L = [2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14]\n" +">>> for key_val, it in itertools.groupby(L, lambda x: x % 2):\n" +"... print key_val, list(it)\n" +"...\n" +"0 [2, 4, 6]\n" +"1 [7]\n" +"0 [8]\n" +"1 [9, 11]\n" +"0 [12, 14]\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1118 +msgid "" +":func:`groupby` is typically used with sorted input. The logic for " +":func:`groupby` is similar to the Unix ``uniq`` filter which makes it handy " +"for eliminating, counting, or identifying duplicate elements::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1122 +msgid "" +">>> word = 'abracadabra'\n" +">>> letters = sorted(word) # Turn string into a sorted list of letters\n" +">>> letters\n" +"['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'r', 'r']\n" +">>> for k, g in itertools.groupby(letters):\n" +"... print k, list(g)\n" +"...\n" +"a ['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a']\n" +"b ['b', 'b']\n" +"c ['c']\n" +"d ['d']\n" +"r ['r', 'r']\n" +">>> # List unique letters\n" +">>> [k for k, g in groupby(letters)]\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'r']\n" +">>> # Count letter occurrences\n" +">>> [(k, len(list(g))) for k, g in groupby(letters)]\n" +"[('a', 5), ('b', 2), ('c', 1), ('d', 1), ('r', 2)]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1141 +msgid "(Contributed by Hye-Shik Chang.)" +msgstr "（由 Hye-Shik Chang 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1143 +msgid "" +":mod:`itertools` also gained a function named ``tee(iterator, N)`` that " +"returns *N* independent iterators that replicate *iterator*. If *N* is " +"omitted, the default is 2. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1147 +msgid "" +">>> L = [1,2,3]\n" +">>> i1, i2 = itertools.tee(L)\n" +">>> i1,i2\n" +"(, )\n" +">>> list(i1) # Run the first iterator to exhaustion\n" +"[1, 2, 3]\n" +">>> list(i2) # Run the second iterator to exhaustion\n" +"[1, 2, 3]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1156 +msgid "" +"Note that :func:`tee` has to keep copies of the values returned by the " +"iterator; in the worst case, it may need to keep all of them. This should " +"therefore be used carefully if the leading iterator can run far ahead of the" +" trailing iterator in a long stream of inputs. If the separation is large, " +"then you might as well use :func:`list` instead. When the iterators track " +"closely with one another, :func:`tee` is ideal. Possible applications " +"include bookmarking, windowing, or lookahead iterators. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1165 +msgid "" +"A number of functions were added to the :mod:`locale` module, such as " +":func:`bind_textdomain_codeset` to specify a particular encoding and a " +"family of :func:`!l\\*gettext` functions that return messages in the chosen " +"encoding. (Contributed by Gustavo Niemeyer.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"Some keyword arguments were added to the :mod:`logging` package's " +":func:`basicConfig` function to simplify log configuration. The default " +"behavior is to log messages to standard error, but various keyword arguments" +" can be specified to log to a particular file, change the logging format, or" +" set the logging level. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"logging.basicConfig(filename='/var/log/application.log',\n" +" level=0, # Log all messages\n" +" format='%(levelname):%(process):%(thread):%(message)')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"Other additions to the :mod:`logging` package include a ``log(level, msg)`` " +"convenience method, as well as a :class:`TimedRotatingFileHandler` class " +"that rotates its log files at a timed interval. The module already had " +":class:`RotatingFileHandler`, which rotated logs once the file exceeded a " +"certain size. Both classes derive from a new :class:`BaseRotatingHandler` " +"class that can be used to implement other rotating handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1188 +msgid "(Changes implemented by Vinay Sajip.)" +msgstr "（更改由 Vinay Sajip 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`marshal` module now shares interned strings on unpacking a data " +"structure. This may shrink the size of certain pickle strings, but the " +"primary effect is to make :file:`.pyc` files significantly smaller. " +"(Contributed by Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1195 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!nntplib` module's :class:`NNTP` class gained :meth:`description` " +"and :meth:`descriptions` methods to retrieve newsgroup descriptions for a " +"single group or for a range of groups. (Contributed by Jürgen A. Erhard.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"Two new functions were added to the :mod:`operator` module, " +"``attrgetter(attr)`` and ``itemgetter(index)``. Both functions return " +"callables that take a single argument and return the corresponding attribute" +" or item; these callables make excellent data extractors when used with " +":func:`map` or :func:`sorted`. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1205 +msgid "" +">>> L = [('c', 2), ('d', 1), ('a', 4), ('b', 3)]\n" +">>> map(operator.itemgetter(0), L)\n" +"['c', 'd', 'a', 'b']\n" +">>> map(operator.itemgetter(1), L)\n" +"[2, 1, 4, 3]\n" +">>> sorted(L, key=operator.itemgetter(1)) # Sort list by second tuple item\n" +"[('d', 1), ('c', 2), ('b', 3), ('a', 4)]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1215 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`optparse` module was updated in various ways. The module now " +"passes its messages through :func:`gettext.gettext`, making it possible to " +"internationalize Optik's help and error messages. Help messages for options" +" can now include the string ``'%default'``, which will be replaced by the " +"option's default value. (Contributed by Greg Ward.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"The long-term plan is to deprecate the :mod:`!rfc822` module in some future " +"Python release in favor of the :mod:`email` package. To this end, the " +":func:`email.Utils.formatdate ` function has been " +"changed to make it usable as a replacement for :func:`!rfc822.formatdate`. " +"You may want to write new e-mail processing code with this in mind. (Change" +" implemented by Anthony Baxter.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1227 +msgid "" +"A new ``urandom(n)`` function was added to the :mod:`os` module, returning a" +" string containing *n* bytes of random data. This function provides access " +"to platform-specific sources of randomness such as :file:`/dev/urandom` on " +"Linux or the Windows CryptoAPI. (Contributed by Trevor Perrin.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"Another new function: ``os.path.lexists(path)`` returns true if the file " +"specified by *path* exists, whether or not it's a symbolic link. This " +"differs from the existing ``os.path.exists(path)`` function, which returns " +"false if *path* is a symlink that points to a destination that doesn't " +"exist. (Contributed by Beni Cherniavsky.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1238 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`getsid` function was added to the :mod:`posix` module that " +"underlies the :mod:`os` module. (Contributed by J. Raynor.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`os` 之下 :mod:`posix` 模块中新增了一个 :func:`getsid` 函数。 （由 J. Raynor 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`poplib` module now supports POP over SSL. (Contributed by Hector " +"Urtubia.)" +msgstr ":mod:`poplib` 模块现在已支持 SSL 上的 POP。 （由 Hector Urtubia 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1244 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`profile` module can now profile C extension functions. " +"(Contributed by Nick Bastin.)" +msgstr "现在 :mod:`profile` 模块将可对 C 扩展函数执行性能分析。 （由 Nick Bastin 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`random` module has a new method called ``getrandbits(N)`` that " +"returns a long integer *N* bits in length. The existing :meth:`randrange` " +"method now uses :meth:`getrandbits` where appropriate, making generation of " +"arbitrarily large random numbers more efficient. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"The regular expression language accepted by the :mod:`re` module was " +"extended with simple conditional expressions, written as ``(?(group)A|B)``." +" *group* is either a numeric group ID or a group name defined with " +"``(?P...)`` earlier in the expression. If the specified group " +"matched, the regular expression pattern *A* will be tested against the " +"string; if the group didn't match, the pattern *B* will be used instead. " +"(Contributed by Gustavo Niemeyer.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`re` module is also no longer recursive, thanks to a massive amount" +" of work by Gustavo Niemeyer. In a recursive regular expression engine, " +"certain patterns result in a large amount of C stack space being consumed, " +"and it was possible to overflow the stack. For example, if you matched a " +"30000-byte string of ``a`` characters against the expression ``(a|b)+``, one" +" stack frame was consumed per character. Python 2.3 tried to check for " +"stack overflow and raise a :exc:`RuntimeError` exception, but certain " +"patterns could sidestep the checking and if you were unlucky Python could " +"segfault. Python 2.4's regular expression engine can match this pattern " +"without problems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`signal` module now performs tighter error-checking on the " +"parameters to the :func:`signal.signal` function. For example, you can't " +"set a handler on the :const:`SIGKILL` signal; previous versions of Python " +"would quietly accept this, but 2.4 will raise a :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"Two new functions were added to the :mod:`socket` module. :func:`socketpair`" +" returns a pair of connected sockets and ``getservbyport(port)`` looks up " +"the service name for a given port number. (Contributed by Dave Cole and " +"Barry Warsaw.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"The :func:`sys.exitfunc` function has been deprecated. Code should be using" +" the existing :mod:`atexit` module, which correctly handles calling multiple" +" exit functions. Eventually :func:`sys.exitfunc` will become a purely " +"internal interface, accessed only by :mod:`atexit`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1285 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module now generates GNU-format tar files by default. " +"(Contributed by Lars Gustäbel.)" +msgstr "现在 :mod:`tarfile` 模块默认将生成 GNU 格式的 tar 文件。 （由 Lars Gustäbel 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module now has an elegantly simple way to support " +"thread-local data. The module contains a :class:`local` class whose " +"attribute values are local to different threads. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"import threading\n" +"\n" +"data = threading.local()\n" +"data.number = 42\n" +"data.url = ('www.python.org', 80)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1298 +msgid "" +"Other threads can assign and retrieve their own values for the " +":attr:`number` and :attr:`url` attributes. You can subclass :class:`local` " +"to initialize attributes or to add methods. (Contributed by Jim Fulton.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`timeit` module now automatically disables periodic garbage " +"collection during the timing loop. This change makes consecutive timings " +"more comparable. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`weakref` module now supports a wider variety of objects including " +"Python functions, class instances, sets, frozensets, deques, arrays, files, " +"sockets, and regular expression pattern objects. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpclib ` module now supports a multi-call " +"extension for transmitting multiple XML-RPC calls in a single HTTP " +"operation. (Contributed by Brian Quinlan.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1315 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`mpz`, :mod:`rotor`, and :mod:`xreadlines` modules have been " +"removed." +msgstr ":mod:`mpz`, :mod:`rotor` 和 :mod:`xreadlines` 模块已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1324 +msgid "cookielib" +msgstr "cookielib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1326 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cookielib ` library supports client-side handling " +"for HTTP cookies, mirroring the :mod:`Cookie ` module's " +"server-side cookie support. Cookies are stored in cookie jars; the library " +"transparently stores cookies offered by the web server in the cookie jar, " +"and fetches the cookie from the jar when connecting to the server. As in web" +" browsers, policy objects control whether cookies are accepted or not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"In order to store cookies across sessions, two implementations of cookie " +"jars are provided: one that stores cookies in the Netscape format so " +"applications can use the Mozilla or Lynx cookie files, and one that stores " +"cookies in the same format as the Perl libwww library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1338 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib2 ` has been changed to interact with " +":mod:`cookielib `: :class:`HTTPCookieProcessor` manages a " +"cookie jar that is used when accessing URLs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1342 +msgid "This module was contributed by John J. Lee." +msgstr "该模块由 John J. Lee 贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1348 +msgid "doctest" +msgstr "doctest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`doctest` module underwent considerable refactoring thanks to " +"Edward Loper and Tim Peters. Testing can still be as simple as running " +":func:`doctest.testmod`, but the refactorings allow customizing the module's" +" operation in various ways" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1355 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`DocTestFinder` class extracts the tests from a given " +"object's docstrings::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1358 +msgid "" +"def f (x, y):\n" +" \"\"\">>> f(2,2)\n" +"4\n" +">>> f(3,2)\n" +"6\n" +" \"\"\"\n" +" return x*y\n" +"\n" +"finder = doctest.DocTestFinder()\n" +"\n" +"# Get list of DocTest instances\n" +"tests = finder.find(f)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`DocTestRunner` class then runs individual tests and can " +"produce a summary of the results::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1374 +msgid "" +"runner = doctest.DocTestRunner()\n" +"for t in tests:\n" +" tried, failed = runner.run(t)\n" +"\n" +"runner.summarize(verbose=1)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1380 +msgid "The above example produces the following output::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"1 items passed all tests:\n" +" 2 tests in f\n" +"2 tests in 1 items.\n" +"2 passed and 0 failed.\n" +"Test passed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1388 +msgid "" +":class:`DocTestRunner` uses an instance of the :class:`OutputChecker` class " +"to compare the expected output with the actual output. This class takes a " +"number of different flags that customize its behaviour; ambitious users can " +"also write a completely new subclass of :class:`OutputChecker`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"The default output checker provides a number of handy features. For example," +" with the :const:`doctest.ELLIPSIS` option flag, an ellipsis (``...``) in " +"the expected output matches any substring, making it easier to accommodate " +"outputs that vary in minor ways::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1398 +msgid "" +"def o (n):\n" +" \"\"\">>> o(1)\n" +"<__main__.C instance at 0x...>\n" +">>>\n" +"\"\"\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1404 +msgid "Another special string, ````, matches a blank line::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"def p (n):\n" +" \"\"\">>> p(1)\n" +"\n" +">>>\n" +"\"\"\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"Another new capability is producing a diff-style display of the output by " +"specifying the :const:`doctest.REPORT_UDIFF` (unified diffs), " +":const:`doctest.REPORT_CDIFF` (context diffs), or " +":const:`doctest.REPORT_NDIFF` (delta-style) option flags. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"def g (n):\n" +" \"\"\">>> g(4)\n" +"here\n" +"is\n" +"a\n" +"lengthy\n" +">>>\"\"\"\n" +" L = 'here is a rather lengthy list of words'.split()\n" +" for word in L[:n]:\n" +" print word" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1428 +msgid "" +"Running the above function's tests with :const:`doctest.REPORT_UDIFF` " +"specified, you get the following output:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"**********************************************************************\n" +"File \"t.py\", line 15, in g\n" +"Failed example:\n" +" g(4)\n" +"Differences (unified diff with -expected +actual):\n" +" @@ -2,3 +2,3 @@\n" +" is\n" +" a\n" +" -lengthy\n" +" +rather\n" +"**********************************************************************" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1449 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1451 +msgid "Some of the changes to Python's build process and to the C API are:" +msgstr "对于 Python 构建过程和 C API 的一些修改:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1453 +msgid "" +"Three new convenience macros were added for common return values from " +"extension functions: :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_NONE`, :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_TRUE`, " +"and :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_FALSE`. (Contributed by Brett Cannon.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1457 +msgid "" +"Another new macro, :c:macro:`Py_CLEAR`, decreases the reference count of " +"*obj* and sets *obj* to the null pointer. (Contributed by Jim Fulton.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1460 +msgid "" +"A new function, ``PyTuple_Pack(N, obj1, obj2, ..., objN)``, constructs " +"tuples from a variable length argument list of Python objects. (Contributed" +" by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1464 +msgid "" +"A new function, ``PyDict_Contains(d, k)``, implements fast dictionary " +"lookups without masking exceptions raised during the look-up process. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"The :c:expr:`Py_IS_NAN(X)` macro returns 1 if its float or double argument " +"*X* is a NaN. (Contributed by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1471 +msgid "" +"C code can avoid unnecessary locking by using the new " +":c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` function to tell if any thread " +"operations have been performed. If this function returns false, no lock " +"operations are needed. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1476 +msgid "" +"A new function, :c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords`, is the same as " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` but takes a :c:type:`va_list` instead" +" of a number of arguments. (Contributed by Greg Chapman.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1480 +msgid "" +"A new method flag, :c:macro:`METH_COEXIST`, allows a function defined in " +"slots to co-exist with a :c:type:`PyCFunction` having the same name. This " +"can halve the access time for a method such as :meth:`set.__contains__`. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1485 +msgid "" +"Python can now be built with additional profiling for the interpreter " +"itself, intended as an aid to people developing the Python core. Providing " +":option:`!--enable-profiling` to the :program:`configure` script will let " +"you profile the interpreter with :program:`gprof`, and providing the " +":option:`!--with-tsc` switch enables profiling using the Pentium's Time-" +"Stamp-Counter register. Note that the :option:`!--with-tsc` switch is " +"slightly misnamed, because the profiling feature also works on the PowerPC " +"platform, though that processor architecture doesn't call that register " +"\"the TSC register\". (Contributed by Jeremy Hylton.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`!tracebackobject` type has been renamed to " +":c:type:`PyTracebackObject`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1502 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes" +msgstr "移植专属的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"The Windows port now builds under MSVC++ 7.1 as well as version 6. " +"(Contributed by Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1511 +msgid "Porting to Python 2.4" +msgstr "移植到 Python 2.4" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes that may require changes to " +"your code:" +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的可能需要修改你的代码的改变：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"Left shifts and hexadecimal/octal constants that are too large no longer " +"trigger a :exc:`FutureWarning` and return a value limited to 32 or 64 bits;" +" instead they return a long integer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"The :func:`zip` built-in function and :func:`itertools.izip` now return an " +"empty list instead of raising a :exc:`TypeError` exception if called with no" +" arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1527 +msgid "" +"You can no longer compare the :class:`date` and :class:`~datetime.datetime` " +"instances provided by the :mod:`datetime` module. Two instances of " +"different classes will now always be unequal, and relative comparisons " +"(``<``, ``>``) will raise a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1532 +msgid "" +":func:`!dircache.listdir` now passes exceptions to the caller instead of " +"returning empty lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1535 +msgid "" +":func:`LexicalHandler.startDTD` used to receive the public and system IDs in" +" the wrong order. This has been corrected; applications relying on the " +"wrong order need to be fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1539 +msgid "" +":func:`fcntl.ioctl` now warns if the *mutate* argument is omitted and " +"relevant." +msgstr "现在 :func:`fcntl.ioctl` 会在 *mutate* 参数被省略并且将造成影响时发出警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module now generates GNU-format tar files by default." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`tarfile` 模块默认将生成 GNU 格式的 tar 文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"Encountering a failure while importing a module no longer leaves a partially" +" initialized module object in ``sys.modules``." +msgstr "在导入模块时遭遇失败不会再将部分初始化的模块对象留在 ``sys.modules`` 中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1547 +msgid "" +":const:`None` is now a constant; code that binds a new value to the name " +"``None`` is now a syntax error." +msgstr "现在 :const:`None` 是一个常量；将一个新值绑定到 ``None`` 将导致语法错误。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1550 +msgid "" +"The :func:`signals.signal` function now raises a :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"exception for certain illegal values; previously these errors would pass " +"silently. For example, you can no longer set a handler on the " +":const:`SIGKILL` signal." +msgstr "" +"现在对于某些非法的值 :func:`signals.signal` 函数将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"异常；在之前版本中这些错误会静默地放过。 例如，你将不能在 :const:`SIGKILL` 信号上设置处理器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1560 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:1562 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article:" +" Koray Can, Hye-Shik Chang, Michael Dyck, Raymond Hettinger, Brian Hurt, " +"Hamish Lawson, Fredrik Lundh, Sean Reifschneider, Sadruddin Rejeb." +msgstr "" +"作者感谢以下人员对本文各种草稿给予的建议，更正和协助：Koray Can, Hye-Shik Chang, Michael Dyck, Raymond " +"Hettinger, Brian Hurt, Hamish Lawson, Fredrik Lundh, Sean Reifschneider, " +"Sadruddin Rejeb." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:415 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.4.rst:415 +msgid "What's new" +msgstr "新变化" diff --git a/whatsnew/2.5.po b/whatsnew/2.5.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f70001371 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.5.po @@ -0,0 +1,3570 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Kade For, 2021 +# 叶浚安 , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# chen_chao , 2021 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Wulian233 , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-20 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:3 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.5" +msgstr "Python 2.5 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:5 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:12 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 2.5. The final release of " +"Python 2.5 is scheduled for August 2006; :pep:`356` describes the planned " +"release schedule. Python 2.5 was released on September 19, 2006." +msgstr "" +"本文介绍了 Python 2.5 的新增特性。 Python 2.5 预定的最终发布时间为 2006 年 8 月；:pep:`356` " +"描述了预定的发布日程。 Python 2.5 实际发布于 2006 年 9 月 19 日。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:16 +msgid "" +"The changes in Python 2.5 are an interesting mix of language and library " +"improvements. The library enhancements will be more important to Python's " +"user community, I think, because several widely useful packages were added." +" New modules include ElementTree for XML processing (:mod:`xml.etree`), the" +" SQLite database module (:mod:`sqlite`), and the :mod:`ctypes` module for " +"calling C functions." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.5 中的变化是语言本身和标准库改进的有趣混合。 我想，库的加强对 Python " +"的用户社区来说会更重要一些，因为增加了多个被广泛应用的包。 新增模块包括用于 XML 处理的 ElementTree " +"(:mod:`xml.etree`)，SQLite 数据库模块 (:mod:`sqlite`)，以及用于调用 C 函数的 :mod:`ctypes` " +"模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The language changes are of middling significance. Some pleasant new " +"features were added, but most of them aren't features that you'll use every " +"day. Conditional expressions were finally added to the language using a " +"novel syntax; see section :ref:`pep-308`. The new ':keyword:`with`' " +"statement will make writing cleanup code easier (section :ref:`pep-343`). " +"Values can now be passed into generators (section :ref:`pep-342`). Imports " +"are now visible as either absolute or relative (section :ref:`pep-328`). " +"Some corner cases of exception handling are handled better (section " +":ref:`pep-341`). All these improvements are worthwhile, but they're " +"improvements to one specific language feature or another; none of them are " +"broad modifications to Python's semantics." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:34 +msgid "" +"As well as the language and library additions, other improvements and " +"bugfixes were made throughout the source tree. A search through the SVN " +"change logs finds there were 353 patches applied and 458 bugs fixed between " +"Python 2.4 and 2.5. (Both figures are likely to be underestimates.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:39 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't try to be a complete specification of the new features;" +" instead changes are briefly introduced using helpful examples. For full " +"details, you should always refer to the documentation for Python 2.5 at " +"https://docs.python.org. If you want to understand the complete " +"implementation and design rationale, refer to the PEP for a particular new " +"feature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:45 +msgid "" +"Comments, suggestions, and error reports for this document are welcome; " +"please e-mail them to the author or open a bug in the Python bug tracker." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:54 +msgid "PEP 308: Conditional Expressions" +msgstr "PEP 308: 条件表达式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:56 +msgid "" +"For a long time, people have been requesting a way to write conditional " +"expressions, which are expressions that return value A or value B depending " +"on whether a Boolean value is true or false. A conditional expression lets " +"you write a single assignment statement that has the same effect as the " +"following::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:61 +msgid "" +"if condition:\n" +" x = true_value\n" +"else:\n" +" x = false_value" +msgstr "" +"if condition:\n" +" x = true_value\n" +"else:\n" +" x = false_value" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:66 +msgid "" +"There have been endless tedious discussions of syntax on both python-dev and" +" comp.lang.python. A vote was even held that found the majority of voters " +"wanted conditional expressions in some form, but there was no syntax that " +"was preferred by a clear majority. Candidates included C's ``cond ? true_v :" +" false_v``, ``if cond then true_v else false_v``, and 16 other variations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:72 +msgid "Guido van Rossum eventually chose a surprising syntax::" +msgstr "Guido van Rossum 最终选择了一种令人惊讶的语法：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:74 +msgid "x = true_value if condition else false_value" +msgstr "x = true_value if condition else false_value" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:76 +msgid "" +"Evaluation is still lazy as in existing Boolean expressions, so the order of" +" evaluation jumps around a bit. The *condition* expression in the middle is" +" evaluated first, and the *true_value* expression is evaluated only if the " +"condition was true. Similarly, the *false_value* expression is only " +"evaluated when the condition is false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:82 +msgid "" +"This syntax may seem strange and backwards; why does the condition go in the" +" *middle* of the expression, and not in the front as in C's ``c ? x : y``? " +"The decision was checked by applying the new syntax to the modules in the " +"standard library and seeing how the resulting code read. In many cases " +"where a conditional expression is used, one value seems to be the 'common " +"case' and one value is an 'exceptional case', used only on rarer occasions " +"when the condition isn't met. The conditional syntax makes this pattern a " +"bit more obvious::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:90 +msgid "contents = ((doc + '\\n') if doc else '')" +msgstr "contents = ((doc + '\\n') if doc else '')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:92 +msgid "" +"I read the above statement as meaning \"here *contents* is usually assigned" +" a value of ``doc+'\\n'``; sometimes *doc* is empty, in which special case " +"an empty string is returned.\" I doubt I will use conditional expressions " +"very often where there isn't a clear common and uncommon case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:97 +msgid "" +"There was some discussion of whether the language should require surrounding" +" conditional expressions with parentheses. The decision was made to *not* " +"require parentheses in the Python language's grammar, but as a matter of " +"style I think you should always use them. Consider these two statements::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:102 +msgid "" +"# First version -- no parens\n" +"level = 1 if logging else 0\n" +"\n" +"# Second version -- with parens\n" +"level = (1 if logging else 0)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:108 +msgid "" +"In the first version, I think a reader's eye might group the statement into " +"'level = 1', 'if logging', 'else 0', and think that the condition decides " +"whether the assignment to *level* is performed. The second version reads " +"better, in my opinion, because it makes it clear that the assignment is " +"always performed and the choice is being made between two values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:114 +msgid "" +"Another reason for including the brackets: a few odd combinations of list " +"comprehensions and lambdas could look like incorrect conditional " +"expressions. See :pep:`308` for some examples. If you put parentheses " +"around your conditional expressions, you won't run into this case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:122 +msgid ":pep:`308` - Conditional Expressions" +msgstr ":pep:`308` - 条件表达式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:123 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum and Raymond D. Hettinger; implemented by " +"Thomas Wouters." +msgstr "PEP 由 Guido van Rossum 和 Raymond D 撰写，由 Thomas Wouters 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:132 +msgid "PEP 309: Partial Function Application" +msgstr "PEP 309: 部分功能应用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:134 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`functools` module is intended to contain tools for functional-" +"style programming." +msgstr ":mod:`functools` 模块旨在包含用于函数式编程风格的工具。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:137 +msgid "" +"One useful tool in this module is the :func:`partial` function. For programs" +" written in a functional style, you'll sometimes want to construct variants " +"of existing functions that have some of the parameters filled in. Consider " +"a Python function ``f(a, b, c)``; you could create a new function ``g(b, " +"c)`` that was equivalent to ``f(1, b, c)``. This is called \"partial " +"function application\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:144 +msgid "" +":func:`partial` takes the arguments ``(function, arg1, arg2, ... " +"kwarg1=value1, kwarg2=value2)``. The resulting object is callable, so you " +"can just call it to invoke *function* with the filled-in arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:148 +msgid "Here's a small but realistic example::" +msgstr "这里有一个很小但很现实的例子::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:150 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"def log (message, subsystem):\n" +" \"Write the contents of 'message' to the specified subsystem.\"\n" +" print '%s: %s' % (subsystem, message)\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"server_log = functools.partial(log, subsystem='server')\n" +"server_log('Unable to open socket')" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"\n" +"def log (message, subsystem):\n" +" \"将 'message' 的内容写到指定的子系统。\"\n" +" print '%s: %s' % (subsystem, message)\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"server_log = functools.partial(log, subsystem='server')\n" +"server_log('Unable to open socket')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:160 +msgid "" +"Here's another example, from a program that uses PyGTK. Here a context-" +"sensitive pop-up menu is being constructed dynamically. The callback " +"provided for the menu option is a partially applied version of the " +":meth:`open_item` method, where the first argument has been provided. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:165 +msgid "" +"...\n" +"class Application:\n" +" def open_item(self, path):\n" +" ...\n" +" def init (self):\n" +" open_func = functools.partial(self.open_item, item_path)\n" +" popup_menu.append( (\"Open\", open_func, 1) )" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:173 +msgid "" +"Another function in the :mod:`functools` module is the " +"``update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped)`` function that helps you write well-" +"behaved decorators. :func:`update_wrapper` copies the name, module, and " +"docstring attribute to a wrapper function so that tracebacks inside the " +"wrapped function are easier to understand. For example, you might write::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:179 +msgid "" +"def my_decorator(f):\n" +" def wrapper(*args, **kwds):\n" +" print 'Calling decorated function'\n" +" return f(*args, **kwds)\n" +" functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, f)\n" +" return wrapper" +msgstr "" +"def my_decorator(f):\n" +" def wrapper(*args, **kwds):\n" +" print 'Calling decorated function'\n" +" return f(*args, **kwds)\n" +" functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, f)\n" +" return wrapper" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:186 +msgid "" +":func:`wraps` is a decorator that can be used inside your own decorators to " +"copy the wrapped function's information. An alternate version of the " +"previous example would be::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:190 +msgid "" +"def my_decorator(f):\n" +" @functools.wraps(f)\n" +" def wrapper(*args, **kwds):\n" +" print 'Calling decorated function'\n" +" return f(*args, **kwds)\n" +" return wrapper" +msgstr "" +"def my_decorator(f):\n" +" @functools.wraps(f)\n" +" def wrapper(*args, **kwds):\n" +" print 'Calling decorated function'\n" +" return f(*args, **kwds)\n" +" return wrapper" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:200 +msgid ":pep:`309` - Partial Function Application" +msgstr ":pep:`309` - 部分函数应用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:201 +msgid "" +"PEP proposed and written by Peter Harris; implemented by Hye-Shik Chang and " +"Nick Coghlan, with adaptations by Raymond Hettinger." +msgstr "" +"PEP由 Peter Harris 提出并撰写；由 Hye-Shik Chang 和 Nick Coghlan 实现，并由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 适配。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:210 +msgid "PEP 314: Metadata for Python Software Packages v1.1" +msgstr "PEP 314: Python软件包的元数据 v1.1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:212 +msgid "" +"Some simple dependency support was added to Distutils. The :func:`setup` " +"function now has ``requires``, ``provides``, and ``obsoletes`` keyword " +"parameters. When you build a source distribution using the ``sdist`` " +"command, the dependency information will be recorded in the :file:`PKG-INFO`" +" file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:217 +msgid "" +"Another new keyword parameter is ``download_url``, which should be set to a " +"URL for the package's source code. This means it's now possible to look up " +"an entry in the package index, determine the dependencies for a package, and" +" download the required packages. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:222 +msgid "" +"VERSION = '1.0'\n" +"setup(name='PyPackage',\n" +" version=VERSION,\n" +" requires=['numarray', 'zlib (>=1.1.4)'],\n" +" obsoletes=['OldPackage']\n" +" download_url=('http://www.example.com/pypackage/dist/pkg-%s.tar.gz'\n" +" % VERSION),\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"VERSION = '1.0'\n" +"setup(name='PyPackage',\n" +" version=VERSION,\n" +" requires=['numarray', 'zlib (>=1.1.4)'],\n" +" obsoletes=['OldPackage']\n" +" download_url=('http://www.example.com/pypackage/dist/pkg-%s.tar.gz'\n" +" % VERSION),\n" +" )" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Another new enhancement to the Python package index at https://pypi.org is " +"storing source and binary archives for a package. The new :command:`upload`" +" Distutils command will upload a package to the repository." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:236 +msgid "" +"Before a package can be uploaded, you must be able to build a distribution " +"using the :command:`sdist` Distutils command. Once that works, you can run " +"``python setup.py upload`` to add your package to the PyPI archive. " +"Optionally you can GPG-sign the package by supplying the :option:`!--sign` " +"and :option:`!--identity` options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:242 +msgid "" +"Package uploading was implemented by Martin von Löwis and Richard Jones." +msgstr "包上传操作由 Martin von Löwis 和 Richard Jones 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:247 +msgid ":pep:`314` - Metadata for Python Software Packages v1.1" +msgstr ":pep:`314` - Python软件包的元数据 v1.1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:248 +msgid "" +"PEP proposed and written by A.M. Kuchling, Richard Jones, and Fred Drake; " +"implemented by Richard Jones and Fred Drake." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 A.M. Kuchling, Richard Jones 和 Fred Drake 提出并撰写，由 Richard Jones 和 Fred" +" Drake 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:257 +msgid "PEP 328: Absolute and Relative Imports" +msgstr "PEP 328: 绝对导入和相对导入" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:259 +msgid "" +"The simpler part of :pep:`328` was implemented in Python 2.4: parentheses " +"could now be used to enclose the names imported from a module using the " +"``from ... import ...`` statement, making it easier to import many different" +" names." +msgstr "" +":pep:`328` 的较简单部分已在 Python 2.4 中实现：现在可以用圆括号将使用 ``from ... import ...`` " +"语句导入的名称括起来，以便能够更容易地导入大量不同的名称。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The more complicated part has been implemented in Python 2.5: importing a " +"module can be specified to use absolute or package-relative imports. The " +"plan is to move toward making absolute imports the default in future " +"versions of Python." +msgstr "" +"更复杂的部分已在 Python 2.5 中实现：可以指定使用绝对的或相对于包的导入方式来导入模块。 计划在未来的 Python " +"版本中将绝对导入方式设为默认。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:267 +msgid "Let's say you have a package directory like this::" +msgstr "比如说你有这样一个包目录::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:269 +msgid "" +"pkg/\n" +"pkg/__init__.py\n" +"pkg/main.py\n" +"pkg/string.py" +msgstr "" +"pkg/\n" +"pkg/__init__.py\n" +"pkg/main.py\n" +"pkg/string.py" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:274 +msgid "" +"This defines a package named :mod:`pkg` containing the :mod:`pkg.main` and " +":mod:`pkg.string` submodules." +msgstr "这定义了一个名为 :mod:`pkg` 的包，其中包含 :mod:`pkg.main` 和 :mod:`pkg.string` 子模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:277 +msgid "" +"Consider the code in the :file:`main.py` module. What happens if it " +"executes the statement ``import string``? In Python 2.4 and earlier, it " +"will first look in the package's directory to perform a relative import, " +"finds :file:`pkg/string.py`, imports the contents of that file as the " +":mod:`pkg.string` module, and that module is bound to the name ``string`` in" +" the :mod:`pkg.main` module's namespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:284 +msgid "" +"That's fine if :mod:`pkg.string` was what you wanted. But what if you " +"wanted Python's standard :mod:`string` module? There's no clean way to " +"ignore :mod:`pkg.string` and look for the standard module; generally you had" +" to look at the contents of ``sys.modules``, which is slightly unclean. " +"Holger Krekel's :mod:`py.std` package provides a tidier way to perform " +"imports from the standard library, ``import py; py.std.string.join()``, but " +"that package isn't available on all Python installations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:292 +msgid "" +"Reading code which relies on relative imports is also less clear, because a " +"reader may be confused about which module, :mod:`string` or " +":mod:`pkg.string`, is intended to be used. Python users soon learned not to" +" duplicate the names of standard library modules in the names of their " +"packages' submodules, but you can't protect against having your submodule's " +"name being used for a new module added in a future version of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:299 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.5, you can switch :keyword:`import`'s behaviour to absolute " +"imports using a ``from __future__ import absolute_import`` directive. This " +"absolute-import behaviour will become the default in a future version " +"(probably Python 2.7). Once absolute imports are the default, ``import " +"string`` will always find the standard library's version. It's suggested " +"that users should begin using absolute imports as much as possible, so it's " +"preferable to begin writing ``from pkg import string`` in your code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:307 +msgid "" +"Relative imports are still possible by adding a leading period to the " +"module name when using the ``from ... import`` form::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:310 +msgid "" +"# Import names from pkg.string\n" +"from .string import name1, name2\n" +"# Import pkg.string\n" +"from . import string" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:315 +msgid "" +"This imports the :mod:`string` module relative to the current package, so in" +" :mod:`pkg.main` this will import *name1* and *name2* from " +":mod:`pkg.string`. Additional leading periods perform the relative import " +"starting from the parent of the current package. For example, code in the " +":mod:`A.B.C` module can do::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:320 +msgid "" +"from . import D # Imports A.B.D\n" +"from .. import E # Imports A.E\n" +"from ..F import G # Imports A.F.G" +msgstr "" +"from . import D # 导入 A.B.D\n" +"from .. import E # 导入 A.E\n" +"from ..F import G # 导入 A.F.G" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:324 +msgid "" +"Leading periods cannot be used with the ``import modname`` form of the " +"import statement, only the ``from ... import`` form." +msgstr "" +"开头的句点不可用于 import 语句的 ``import modname`` 形式，只能用于 ``from ... import`` 形式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:330 +msgid ":pep:`328` - Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative" +msgstr ":pep:`328` - 导入：多行和绝对/相对导入" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:331 +msgid "PEP written by Aahz; implemented by Thomas Wouters." +msgstr "PEP 由 Aahz 撰写，由 Thomas Wouters 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:333 +msgid "https://pylib.readthedocs.io/" +msgstr "https://pylib.readthedocs.io/" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:334 +msgid "" +"The py library by Holger Krekel, which contains the :mod:`py.std` package." +msgstr "由 Holger Krekel 编写 py 库，其中包含 :mod:`py.std` 包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:342 +msgid "PEP 338: Executing Modules as Scripts" +msgstr "PEP 338: 将模块作为脚本执行" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:344 +msgid "" +"The :option:`-m` switch added in Python 2.4 to execute a module as a script " +"gained a few more abilities. Instead of being implemented in C code inside " +"the Python interpreter, the switch now uses an implementation in a new " +"module, :mod:`runpy`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:349 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`runpy` module implements a more sophisticated import mechanism so " +"that it's now possible to run modules in a package such as " +":mod:`pychecker.checker`. The module also supports alternative import " +"mechanisms such as the :mod:`zipimport` module. This means you can add a " +".zip archive's path to ``sys.path`` and then use the :option:`-m` switch to " +"execute code from the archive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:359 +msgid ":pep:`338` - Executing modules as scripts" +msgstr ":pep:`338` - 将模块作为脚本执行" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:360 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "PEP 由 Nick Coghlan 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:368 +msgid "PEP 341: Unified try/except/finally" +msgstr "PEP 341: 统一 try/except/finally" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Until Python 2.5, the :keyword:`try` statement came in two flavours. You " +"could use a :keyword:`finally` block to ensure that code is always executed," +" or one or more :keyword:`except` blocks to catch specific exceptions. You" +" couldn't combine both :keyword:`!except` blocks and a :keyword:`!finally` " +"block, because generating the right bytecode for the combined version was " +"complicated and it wasn't clear what the semantics of the combined statement" +" should be." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:377 +msgid "" +"Guido van Rossum spent some time working with Java, which does support the " +"equivalent of combining :keyword:`except` blocks and a :keyword:`finally` " +"block, and this clarified what the statement should mean. In Python 2.5, " +"you can now write::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:382 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" block-1 ...\n" +"except Exception1:\n" +" handler-1 ...\n" +"except Exception2:\n" +" handler-2 ...\n" +"else:\n" +" else-block\n" +"finally:\n" +" final-block" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:393 +msgid "" +"The code in *block-1* is executed. If the code raises an exception, the " +"various :keyword:`except` blocks are tested: if the exception is of class " +":class:`Exception1`, *handler-1* is executed; otherwise if it's of class " +":class:`Exception2`, *handler-2* is executed, and so forth. If no exception" +" is raised, the *else-block* is executed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:399 +msgid "" +"No matter what happened previously, the *final-block* is executed once the " +"code block is complete and any raised exceptions handled. Even if there's an" +" error in an exception handler or the *else-block* and a new exception is " +"raised, the code in the *final-block* is still run." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:407 +msgid ":pep:`341` - Unifying try-except and try-finally" +msgstr ":pep:`341` - 统一 try-except 和 try-finally" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:408 +msgid "PEP written by Georg Brandl; implementation by Thomas Lee." +msgstr "PEP 由 Georg Brandl 撰写，由 Thomas Lee 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:416 +msgid "PEP 342: New Generator Features" +msgstr "PEP 342: 生成器的新特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:418 +msgid "" +"Python 2.5 adds a simple way to pass values *into* a generator. As " +"introduced in Python 2.3, generators only produce output; once a generator's" +" code was invoked to create an iterator, there was no way to pass any new " +"information into the function when its execution is resumed. Sometimes the " +"ability to pass in some information would be useful. Hackish solutions to " +"this include making the generator's code look at a global variable and then " +"changing the global variable's value, or passing in some mutable object that" +" callers then modify." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:426 +msgid "To refresh your memory of basic generators, here's a simple example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:428 +msgid "" +"def counter (maximum):\n" +" i = 0\n" +" while i < maximum:\n" +" yield i\n" +" i += 1" +msgstr "" +"def counter (maximum):\n" +" i = 0\n" +" while i < maximum:\n" +" yield i\n" +" i += 1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:434 +msgid "" +"When you call ``counter(10)``, the result is an iterator that returns the " +"values from 0 up to 9. On encountering the :keyword:`yield` statement, the " +"iterator returns the provided value and suspends the function's execution, " +"preserving the local variables. Execution resumes on the following call to " +"the iterator's :meth:`next` method, picking up after the :keyword:`!yield` " +"statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:440 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.3, :keyword:`yield` was a statement; it didn't return any value." +" In 2.5, :keyword:`!yield` is now an expression, returning a value that can" +" be assigned to a variable or otherwise operated on::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:444 +msgid "val = (yield i)" +msgstr "val = (yield i)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:446 +msgid "" +"I recommend that you always put parentheses around a :keyword:`yield` " +"expression when you're doing something with the returned value, as in the " +"above example. The parentheses aren't always necessary, but it's easier to " +"always add them instead of having to remember when they're needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:451 +msgid "" +"(:pep:`342` explains the exact rules, which are that a :keyword:`yield`\\ " +"-expression must always be parenthesized except when it occurs at the top-" +"level expression on the right-hand side of an assignment. This means you " +"can write ``val = yield i`` but have to use parentheses when there's an " +"operation, as in ``val = (yield i) + 12``.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:458 +msgid "" +"Values are sent into a generator by calling its ``send(value)`` method. The" +" generator's code is then resumed and the :keyword:`yield` expression " +"returns the specified *value*. If the regular :meth:`next` method is " +"called, the :keyword:`!yield` returns :const:`None`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Here's the previous example, modified to allow changing the value of the " +"internal counter. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:466 +msgid "" +"def counter (maximum):\n" +" i = 0\n" +" while i < maximum:\n" +" val = (yield i)\n" +" # If value provided, change counter\n" +" if val is not None:\n" +" i = val\n" +" else:\n" +" i += 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:476 +msgid "And here's an example of changing the counter::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:478 +msgid "" +">>> it = counter(10)\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"0\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> print it.send(8)\n" +"8\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"9\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"t.py\", line 15, in ?\n" +" print it.next()\n" +"StopIteration" +msgstr "" +">>> it = counter(10)\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"0\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"1\n" +">>> print it.send(8)\n" +"8\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"9\n" +">>> print it.next()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"t.py\", line 15, in ?\n" +" print it.next()\n" +"StopIteration" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:493 +msgid "" +":keyword:`yield` will usually return :const:`None`, so you should always " +"check for this case. Don't just use its value in expressions unless you're " +"sure that the :meth:`send` method will be the only method used to resume " +"your generator function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:498 +msgid "" +"In addition to :meth:`send`, there are two other new methods on generators:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:500 +msgid "" +"``throw(type, value=None, traceback=None)`` is used to raise an exception " +"inside the generator; the exception is raised by the :keyword:`yield` " +"expression where the generator's execution is paused." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:504 +msgid "" +":meth:`close` raises a new :exc:`GeneratorExit` exception inside the " +"generator to terminate the iteration. On receiving this exception, the " +"generator's code must either raise :exc:`GeneratorExit` or " +":exc:`StopIteration`. Catching the :exc:`GeneratorExit` exception and " +"returning a value is illegal and will trigger a :exc:`RuntimeError`; if the " +"function raises some other exception, that exception is propagated to the " +"caller. :meth:`close` will also be called by Python's garbage collector " +"when the generator is garbage-collected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:512 +msgid "" +"If you need to run cleanup code when a :exc:`GeneratorExit` occurs, I " +"suggest using a ``try: ... finally:`` suite instead of catching " +":exc:`GeneratorExit`." +msgstr "" +"如果你需要在 :exc:`GeneratorExit` 发生的时候运行清理代码，我建议使用 ``try: ... finally:`` 组合来代替捕获 " +":exc:`GeneratorExit`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:515 +msgid "" +"The cumulative effect of these changes is to turn generators from one-way " +"producers of information into both producers and consumers." +msgstr "这些改变的累积效应是，让生成器从单向的信息生产者变成了既是生产者，又是消费者。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Generators also become *coroutines*, a more generalized form of subroutines." +" Subroutines are entered at one point and exited at another point (the top " +"of the function, and a :keyword:`return` statement), but coroutines can be " +"entered, exited, and resumed at many different points (the :keyword:`yield` " +"statements). We'll have to figure out patterns for using coroutines " +"effectively in Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:524 +msgid "" +"The addition of the :meth:`close` method has one side effect that isn't " +"obvious. :meth:`close` is called when a generator is garbage-collected, so " +"this means the generator's code gets one last chance to run before the " +"generator is destroyed. This last chance means that ``try...finally`` " +"statements in generators can now be guaranteed to work; the " +":keyword:`finally` clause will now always get a chance to run. The " +"syntactic restriction that you couldn't mix :keyword:`yield` statements with" +" a ``try...finally`` suite has therefore been removed. This seems like a " +"minor bit of language trivia, but using generators and ``try...finally`` is " +"actually necessary in order to implement the :keyword:`with` statement " +"described by :pep:`343`. I'll look at this new statement in the following " +"section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:536 +msgid "" +"Another even more esoteric effect of this change: previously, the " +":attr:`gi_frame` attribute of a generator was always a frame object. It's " +"now possible for :attr:`gi_frame` to be ``None`` once the generator has been" +" exhausted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:544 +msgid ":pep:`342` - Coroutines via Enhanced Generators" +msgstr ":pep:`342` - 通过增强型生成器实现协程" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:545 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum and Phillip J. Eby; implemented by Phillip " +"J. Eby. Includes examples of some fancier uses of generators as " +"coroutines." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Guido van Rossum 和 Phillip J. Eby 撰写，由 Phillip J. Eby " +"实现。包括一些更高级的使用生成器作为协程的示例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:548 +msgid "" +"Earlier versions of these features were proposed in :pep:`288` by Raymond " +"Hettinger and :pep:`325` by Samuele Pedroni." +msgstr "" +"这些功能的早期版本在 :pep:`288` （由 Raymond Hettinger 撰写） 和 :pep:`325` （由 Samuele " +"Pedroni 撰写）中提出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:551 +msgid "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine" +msgstr "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:552 +msgid "The Wikipedia entry for coroutines." +msgstr "协程的Wikipedia条目。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:554 +msgid "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20160321211320/http://www.sidhe.org/~dan/blog/archives/000178.html" +msgstr "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20160321211320/http://www.sidhe.org/~dan/blog/archives/000178.html" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:555 +msgid "" +"An explanation of coroutines from a Perl point of view, written by Dan " +"Sugalski." +msgstr "基于 Perl 视角对协程的介绍，由 Dan Sugalski 撰写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:563 +msgid "PEP 343: The 'with' statement" +msgstr "PEP 343: \"with\" 语句" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:565 +msgid "" +"The ':keyword:`with`' statement clarifies code that previously would use " +"``try...finally`` blocks to ensure that clean-up code is executed. In this " +"section, I'll discuss the statement as it will commonly be used. In the " +"next section, I'll examine the implementation details and show how to write " +"objects for use with this statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:571 +msgid "" +"The ':keyword:`with`' statement is a new control-flow structure whose basic " +"structure is::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:574 +msgid "" +"with expression [as variable]:\n" +" with-block" +msgstr "" +"with expression [as variable]:\n" +" with-block" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:577 +msgid "" +"The expression is evaluated, and it should result in an object that supports" +" the context management protocol (that is, has :meth:`~object.__enter__` and" +" :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:581 +msgid "" +"The object's :meth:`~object.__enter__` is called before *with-block* is " +"executed and therefore can run set-up code. It also may return a value that " +"is bound to the name *variable*, if given. (Note carefully that *variable* " +"is *not* assigned the result of *expression*.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:586 +msgid "" +"After execution of the *with-block* is finished, the object's " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method is called, even if the block raised an " +"exception, and can therefore run clean-up code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:590 +msgid "" +"To enable the statement in Python 2.5, you need to add the following " +"directive to your module::" +msgstr "要在 Python 2.5 中启用该语句，你需要向你的模块添加以下指令::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:593 +msgid "from __future__ import with_statement" +msgstr "from __future__ import with_statement" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:595 +msgid "The statement will always be enabled in Python 2.6." +msgstr "该语句在Python 2.6 中始终启用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:597 +msgid "" +"Some standard Python objects now support the context management protocol and" +" can be used with the ':keyword:`with`' statement. File objects are one " +"example::" +msgstr "一些标准 Python 对象现在已支持上下文管理协议并可被用于 ':keyword:`with`' 语句。 文件对象就是一个例子::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:600 +msgid "" +"with open('/etc/passwd', 'r') as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print line\n" +" ... more processing code ..." +msgstr "" +"with open('/etc/passwd', 'r') as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print line\n" +" ... 更多处理代码 ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:605 +msgid "" +"After this statement has executed, the file object in *f* will have been " +"automatically closed, even if the :keyword:`for` loop raised an exception " +"part-way through the block." +msgstr "在此语句被执行之后，文件对象 *f* 将被自动关闭，即使是当 :keyword:`for` 循环在代码块中间位置引发了异常的时候也是如此。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:611 +msgid "" +"In this case, *f* is the same object created by :func:`open`, because " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` returns *self*." +msgstr "" +"在此情况下，*f* 就是由 :func:`open` 所创建的对象，因为 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 会返回 *self*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:614 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module's locks and condition variables also support " +"the ':keyword:`with`' statement::" +msgstr ":mod:`threading` 模块的加锁和条件变量也支持 ':keyword:`with`' 语句::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:617 +msgid "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with lock:\n" +" # Critical section of code\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with lock:\n" +" # 关键代码段\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:622 +msgid "" +"The lock is acquired before the block is executed and always released once " +"the block is complete." +msgstr "这个锁会在代码块被执行之前锁定并总是会在代码块完成之后释放。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:625 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`localcontext` function in the :mod:`decimal` module makes it " +"easy to save and restore the current decimal context, which encapsulates the" +" desired precision and rounding characteristics for computations::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:629 +msgid "" +"from decimal import Decimal, Context, localcontext\n" +"\n" +"# Displays with default precision of 28 digits\n" +"v = Decimal('578')\n" +"print v.sqrt()\n" +"\n" +"with localcontext(Context(prec=16)):\n" +" # All code in this block uses a precision of 16 digits.\n" +" # The original context is restored on exiting the block.\n" +" print v.sqrt()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:644 +msgid "Writing Context Managers" +msgstr "编写上下文管理器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:646 +msgid "" +"Under the hood, the ':keyword:`with`' statement is fairly complicated. Most " +"people will only use ':keyword:`!with`' in company with existing objects and" +" don't need to know these details, so you can skip the rest of this section " +"if you like. Authors of new objects will need to understand the details of " +"the underlying implementation and should keep reading." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:652 +msgid "A high-level explanation of the context management protocol is:" +msgstr "在更高层级上对于上下文管理器协议的解释:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:654 +msgid "" +"The expression is evaluated and should result in an object called a " +"\"context manager\". The context manager must have " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:658 +msgid "" +"The context manager's :meth:`~object.__enter__` method is called. The value" +" returned is assigned to *VAR*. If no ``'as VAR'`` clause is present, the " +"value is simply discarded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:662 +msgid "The code in *BLOCK* is executed." +msgstr "*BLOCK* 中的代码会被执行。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:664 +msgid "" +"If *BLOCK* raises an exception, the ``__exit__(type, value, traceback)`` is " +"called with the exception details, the same values returned by " +":func:`sys.exc_info`. The method's return value controls whether the " +"exception is re-raised: any false value re-raises the exception, and " +"``True`` will result in suppressing it. You'll only rarely want to suppress" +" the exception, because if you do the author of the code containing the " +"':keyword:`with`' statement will never realize anything went wrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:672 +msgid "" +"If *BLOCK* didn't raise an exception, the :meth:`~object.__exit__` method " +"is still called, but *type*, *value*, and *traceback* are all ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:675 +msgid "" +"Let's think through an example. I won't present detailed code but will only" +" sketch the methods necessary for a database that supports transactions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:678 +msgid "" +"(For people unfamiliar with database terminology: a set of changes to the " +"database are grouped into a transaction. Transactions can be either " +"committed, meaning that all the changes are written into the database, or " +"rolled back, meaning that the changes are all discarded and the database is " +"unchanged. See any database textbook for more information.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Let's assume there's an object representing a database connection. Our goal " +"will be to let the user write code like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:687 +msgid "" +"db_connection = DatabaseConnection()\n" +"with db_connection as cursor:\n" +" cursor.execute('insert into ...')\n" +" cursor.execute('delete from ...')\n" +" # ... more operations ..." +msgstr "" +"db_connection = DatabaseConnection()\n" +"with db_connection as cursor:\n" +" cursor.execute('insert into ...')\n" +" cursor.execute('delete from ...')\n" +" # ... 更多操作 ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:693 +msgid "" +"The transaction should be committed if the code in the block runs flawlessly" +" or rolled back if there's an exception. Here's the basic interface for " +":class:`DatabaseConnection` that I'll assume::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:697 +msgid "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" # Database interface\n" +" def cursor (self):\n" +" \"Returns a cursor object and starts a new transaction\"\n" +" def commit (self):\n" +" \"Commits current transaction\"\n" +" def rollback (self):\n" +" \"Rolls back current transaction\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:706 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__enter__` method is pretty easy, having only to start a " +"new transaction. For this application the resulting cursor object would be " +"a useful result, so the method will return it. The user can then add ``as " +"cursor`` to their ':keyword:`with`' statement to bind the cursor to a " +"variable name. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:711 +msgid "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __enter__ (self):\n" +" # Code to start a new transaction\n" +" cursor = self.cursor()\n" +" return cursor" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:718 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__exit__` method is the most complicated because it's " +"where most of the work has to be done. The method has to check if an " +"exception occurred. If there was no exception, the transaction is " +"committed. The transaction is rolled back if there was an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:723 +msgid "" +"In the code below, execution will just fall off the end of the function, " +"returning the default value of ``None``. ``None`` is false, so the " +"exception will be re-raised automatically. If you wished, you could be more" +" explicit and add a :keyword:`return` statement at the marked location. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:728 +msgid "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __exit__ (self, type, value, tb):\n" +" if tb is None:\n" +" # No exception, so commit\n" +" self.commit()\n" +" else:\n" +" # Exception occurred, so rollback.\n" +" self.rollback()\n" +" # return False" +msgstr "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __exit__ (self, type, value, tb):\n" +" if tb is None:\n" +" # 没有异常，因此提交\n" +" self.commit()\n" +" else:\n" +" # 发生异常，因此回滚。\n" +" self.rollback()\n" +" # 返回 False" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:743 +msgid "The contextlib module" +msgstr "contextlib 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:745 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`contextlib` module provides some functions and a decorator " +"that are useful for writing objects for use with the ':keyword:`with`' " +"statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:748 +msgid "" +"The decorator is called :func:`contextmanager`, and lets you write a single " +"generator function instead of defining a new class. The generator should " +"yield exactly one value. The code up to the :keyword:`yield` will be " +"executed as the :meth:`~object.__enter__` method, and the value yielded will" +" be the method's return value that will get bound to the variable in the " +"':keyword:`with`' statement's :keyword:`!as` clause, if any. The code after" +" the :keyword:`yield` will be executed in the :meth:`~object.__exit__` " +"method. Any exception raised in the block will be raised by the " +":keyword:`!yield` statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Our database example from the previous section could be written using this " +"decorator as::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:760 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def db_transaction (connection):\n" +" cursor = connection.cursor()\n" +" try:\n" +" yield cursor\n" +" except:\n" +" connection.rollback()\n" +" raise\n" +" else:\n" +" connection.commit()\n" +"\n" +"db = DatabaseConnection()\n" +"with db_transaction(db) as cursor:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def db_transaction (connection):\n" +" cursor = connection.cursor()\n" +" try:\n" +" yield cursor\n" +" except:\n" +" connection.rollback()\n" +" raise\n" +" else:\n" +" connection.commit()\n" +"\n" +"db = DatabaseConnection()\n" +"with db_transaction(db) as cursor:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:777 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`contextlib` module also has a ``nested(mgr1, mgr2, ...)`` function" +" that combines a number of context managers so you don't need to write " +"nested ':keyword:`with`' statements. In this example, the single " +"':keyword:`!with`' statement both starts a database transaction and acquires" +" a thread lock::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:782 +msgid "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with nested (db_transaction(db), lock) as (cursor, locked):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with nested (db_transaction(db), lock) as (cursor, locked):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:786 +msgid "" +"Finally, the ``closing(object)`` function returns *object* so that it can be" +" bound to a variable, and calls ``object.close`` at the end of the block. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:789 +msgid "" +"import urllib, sys\n" +"from contextlib import closing\n" +"\n" +"with closing(urllib.urlopen('http://www.yahoo.com')) as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" sys.stdout.write(line)" +msgstr "" +"import urllib, sys\n" +"from contextlib import closing\n" +"\n" +"with closing(urllib.urlopen('http://www.yahoo.com')) as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" sys.stdout.write(line)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:799 +msgid ":pep:`343` - The \"with\" statement" +msgstr ":pep:`343` - \"with\" 语句" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:800 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum and Nick Coghlan; implemented by Mike Bland," +" Guido van Rossum, and Neal Norwitz. The PEP shows the code generated for a" +" ':keyword:`with`' statement, which can be helpful in learning how the " +"statement works." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:805 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`contextlib` module." +msgstr ":mod:`contextlib` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:813 +msgid "PEP 352: Exceptions as New-Style Classes" +msgstr "PEP 352: 异常作为新型的类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:815 +msgid "" +"Exception classes can now be new-style classes, not just classic classes, " +"and the built-in :exc:`Exception` class and all the standard built-in " +"exceptions (:exc:`NameError`, :exc:`ValueError`, etc.) are now new-style " +"classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:819 +msgid "" +"The inheritance hierarchy for exceptions has been rearranged a bit. In 2.5, " +"the inheritance relationships are::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:822 +msgid "" +"BaseException # New in Python 2.5\n" +"|- KeyboardInterrupt\n" +"|- SystemExit\n" +"|- Exception\n" +" |- (all other current built-in exceptions)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:828 +msgid "" +"This rearrangement was done because people often want to catch all " +"exceptions that indicate program errors. :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` and " +":exc:`SystemExit` aren't errors, though, and usually represent an explicit " +"action such as the user hitting :kbd:`Control-C` or code calling " +":func:`sys.exit`. A bare ``except:`` will catch all exceptions, so you " +"commonly need to list :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` and :exc:`SystemExit` in " +"order to re-raise them. The usual pattern is::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:835 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +"except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):\n" +" raise\n" +"except:\n" +" # Log error...\n" +" # Continue running program..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:843 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.5, you can now write ``except Exception`` to achieve the same " +"result, catching all the exceptions that usually indicate errors but " +"leaving :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` and :exc:`SystemExit` alone. As in " +"previous versions, a bare ``except:`` still catches all exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:848 +msgid "" +"The goal for Python 3.0 is to require any class raised as an exception to " +"derive from :exc:`BaseException` or some descendant of :exc:`BaseException`," +" and future releases in the Python 2.x series may begin to enforce this " +"constraint. Therefore, I suggest you begin making all your exception classes" +" derive from :exc:`Exception` now. It's been suggested that the bare " +"``except:`` form should be removed in Python 3.0, but Guido van Rossum " +"hasn't decided whether to do this or not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Raising of strings as exceptions, as in the statement ``raise \"Error " +"occurred\"``, is deprecated in Python 2.5 and will trigger a warning. The " +"aim is to be able to remove the string-exception feature in a few releases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:863 +msgid ":pep:`352` - Required Superclass for Exceptions" +msgstr ":pep:`352` - 异常所需的超类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:864 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Brett Cannon and Guido van Rossum; implemented by Brett " +"Cannon." +msgstr "PEP 由 Brett Cannon 和 Guido van Rossum 撰写，由 Brett Cannon 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:872 +msgid "PEP 353: Using ssize_t as the index type" +msgstr "PEP 353: 使用ssize_t作为索引类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:874 +msgid "" +"A wide-ranging change to Python's C API, using a new :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` " +"type definition instead of :c:expr:`int`, will permit the interpreter to " +"handle more data on 64-bit platforms. This change doesn't affect Python's " +"capacity on 32-bit platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:879 +msgid "" +"Various pieces of the Python interpreter used C's :c:expr:`int` type to " +"store sizes or counts; for example, the number of items in a list or tuple " +"were stored in an :c:expr:`int`. The C compilers for most 64-bit platforms " +"still define :c:expr:`int` as a 32-bit type, so that meant that lists could " +"only hold up to ``2**31 - 1`` = 2147483647 items. (There are actually a few " +"different programming models that 64-bit C compilers can use -- see " +"https://unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lp64_wp.html for a discussion -- but the " +"most commonly available model leaves :c:expr:`int` as 32 bits.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:888 +msgid "" +"A limit of 2147483647 items doesn't really matter on a 32-bit platform " +"because you'll run out of memory before hitting the length limit. Each list " +"item requires space for a pointer, which is 4 bytes, plus space for a " +":c:type:`PyObject` representing the item. 2147483647\\*4 is already more " +"bytes than a 32-bit address space can contain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:894 +msgid "" +"It's possible to address that much memory on a 64-bit platform, however. " +"The pointers for a list that size would only require 16 GiB of space, so " +"it's not unreasonable that Python programmers might construct lists that " +"large. Therefore, the Python interpreter had to be changed to use some type " +"other than :c:expr:`int`, and this will be a 64-bit type on 64-bit " +"platforms. The change will cause incompatibilities on 64-bit machines, so " +"it was deemed worth making the transition now, while the number of 64-bit " +"users is still relatively small. (In 5 or 10 years, we may *all* be on " +"64-bit machines, and the transition would be more painful then.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:904 +msgid "" +"This change most strongly affects authors of C extension modules. Python " +"strings and container types such as lists and tuples now use " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` to store their size. Functions such as " +":c:func:`PyList_Size` now return :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`. Code in extension " +"modules may therefore need to have some variables changed to " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:910 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` and :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` functions have a " +"new conversion code, ``n``, for :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`. " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`'s ``s#`` and ``t#`` still output :c:expr:`int` by" +" default, but you can define the macro :c:macro:`PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN` before " +"including :file:`Python.h` to make them return :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:916 +msgid "" +":pep:`353` has a section on conversion guidelines that extension authors " +"should read to learn about supporting 64-bit platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:922 +msgid ":pep:`353` - Using ssize_t as the index type" +msgstr ":pep:`353` - 使用ssize_t作为索引类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:923 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Martin von Löwis." +msgstr "PEP 由 Martin von Löwis 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:931 +msgid "PEP 357: The '__index__' method" +msgstr "PEP 357: '__index__' 方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:933 +msgid "" +"The NumPy developers had a problem that could only be solved by adding a new" +" special method, :meth:`__index__`. When using slice notation, as in " +"``[start:stop:step]``, the values of the *start*, *stop*, and *step* indexes" +" must all be either integers or long integers. NumPy defines a variety of " +"specialized integer types corresponding to unsigned and signed integers of " +"8, 16, 32, and 64 bits, but there was no way to signal that these types " +"could be used as slice indexes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:941 +msgid "" +"Slicing can't just use the existing :meth:`__int__` method because that " +"method is also used to implement coercion to integers. If slicing used " +":meth:`__int__`, floating-point numbers would also become legal slice " +"indexes and that's clearly an undesirable behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:946 +msgid "" +"Instead, a new special method called :meth:`__index__` was added. It takes " +"no arguments and returns an integer giving the slice index to use. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:949 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" def __index__ (self):\n" +" return self.value" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:953 +msgid "" +"The return value must be either a Python integer or long integer. The " +"interpreter will check that the type returned is correct, and raises a " +":exc:`TypeError` if this requirement isn't met." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:957 +msgid "" +"A corresponding :c:member:`~PyNumberMethods.nb_index` slot was added to the " +"C-level :c:type:`PyNumberMethods` structure to let C extensions implement " +"this protocol. ``PyNumber_Index(obj)`` can be used in extension code to call" +" the :meth:`__index__` function and retrieve its result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:965 +msgid ":pep:`357` - Allowing Any Object to be Used for Slicing" +msgstr ":pep:`357` - 允许将任何对象用于切片" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:966 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Travis Oliphant." +msgstr "PEP 由 Travis Oliphant 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:974 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:976 +msgid "" +"Here are all of the changes that Python 2.5 makes to the core Python " +"language." +msgstr "以下是 Python 2.5 针对核心 Python 语言的所有改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:978 +msgid "" +"The :class:`dict` type has a new hook for letting subclasses provide a " +"default value when a key isn't contained in the dictionary. When a key isn't" +" found, the dictionary's ``__missing__(key)`` method will be called. This " +"hook is used to implement the new :class:`defaultdict` class in the " +":mod:`collections` module. The following example defines a dictionary that" +" returns zero for any missing key::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:985 +msgid "" +"class zerodict (dict):\n" +" def __missing__ (self, key):\n" +" return 0\n" +"\n" +"d = zerodict({1:1, 2:2})\n" +"print d[1], d[2] # Prints 1, 2\n" +"print d[3], d[4] # Prints 0, 0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:993 +msgid "" +"Both 8-bit and Unicode strings have new ``partition(sep)`` and " +"``rpartition(sep)`` methods that simplify a common use case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:996 +msgid "" +"The ``find(S)`` method is often used to get an index which is then used to " +"slice the string and obtain the pieces that are before and after the " +"separator. ``partition(sep)`` condenses this pattern into a single method " +"call that returns a 3-tuple containing the substring before the separator, " +"the separator itself, and the substring after the separator. If the " +"separator isn't found, the first element of the tuple is the entire string " +"and the other two elements are empty. ``rpartition(sep)`` also returns a " +"3-tuple but starts searching from the end of the string; the ``r`` stands " +"for 'reverse'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1005 +msgid "Some examples::" +msgstr "示例如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1007 +msgid "" +">>> ('http://www.python.org').partition('://')\n" +"('http', '://', 'www.python.org')\n" +">>> ('file:/usr/share/doc/index.html').partition('://')\n" +"('file:/usr/share/doc/index.html', '', '')\n" +">>> (u'Subject: a quick question').partition(':')\n" +"(u'Subject', u':', u' a quick question')\n" +">>> 'www.python.org'.rpartition('.')\n" +"('www.python', '.', 'org')\n" +">>> 'www.python.org'.rpartition(':')\n" +"('', '', 'www.python.org')" +msgstr "" +">>> ('http://www.python.org').partition('://')\n" +"('http', '://', 'www.python.org')\n" +">>> ('file:/usr/share/doc/index.html').partition('://')\n" +"('file:/usr/share/doc/index.html', '', '')\n" +">>> (u'Subject: a quick question').partition(':')\n" +"(u'Subject', u':', u' a quick question')\n" +">>> 'www.python.org'.rpartition('.')\n" +"('www.python', '.', 'org')\n" +">>> 'www.python.org'.rpartition(':')\n" +"('', '', 'www.python.org')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1018 +msgid "" +"(Implemented by Fredrik Lundh following a suggestion by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Fredrik Lundh 在 Raymond Hettinger 的建议下实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`startswith` and :meth:`endswith` methods of string types now " +"accept tuples of strings to check for. ::" +msgstr "现在字符串类型的 :meth:`startswith` 和 :meth:`endswith` 方法可接受字符串元组供检查。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"def is_image_file (filename):\n" +" return filename.endswith(('.gif', '.jpg', '.tiff'))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1026 +msgid "(Implemented by Georg Brandl following a suggestion by Tom Lynn.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"The :func:`min` and :func:`max` built-in functions gained a ``key`` keyword " +"parameter analogous to the ``key`` argument for :meth:`sort`. This " +"parameter supplies a function that takes a single argument and is called for" +" every value in the list; :func:`min`/:func:`max` will return the element " +"with the smallest/largest return value from this function. For example, to " +"find the longest string in a list, you can do::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"L = ['medium', 'longest', 'short']\n" +"# Prints 'longest'\n" +"print max(L, key=len)\n" +"# Prints 'short', because lexicographically 'short' has the largest value\n" +"print max(L)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1043 +msgid "(Contributed by Steven Bethard and Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Steven Bethard 和 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1045 +msgid "" +"Two new built-in functions, :func:`any` and :func:`all`, evaluate whether an" +" iterator contains any true or false values. :func:`any` returns " +":const:`True` if any value returned by the iterator is true; otherwise it " +"will return :const:`False`. :func:`all` returns :const:`True` only if all " +"of the values returned by the iterator evaluate as true. (Suggested by Guido" +" van Rossum, and implemented by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"The result of a class's :meth:`__hash__` method can now be either a long " +"integer or a regular integer. If a long integer is returned, the hash of " +"that value is taken. In earlier versions the hash value was required to be " +"a regular integer, but in 2.5 the :func:`id` built-in was changed to always " +"return non-negative numbers, and users often seem to use ``id(self)`` in " +":meth:`__hash__` methods (though this is discouraged)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1061 +msgid "" +"ASCII is now the default encoding for modules. It's now a syntax error if " +"a module contains string literals with 8-bit characters but doesn't have an " +"encoding declaration. In Python 2.4 this triggered a warning, not a syntax " +"error. See :pep:`263` for how to declare a module's encoding; for example," +" you might add a line like this near the top of the source file::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1067 +msgid "# -*- coding: latin1 -*-" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1069 +msgid "" +"A new warning, :class:`UnicodeWarning`, is triggered when you attempt to " +"compare a Unicode string and an 8-bit string that can't be converted to " +"Unicode using the default ASCII encoding. The result of the comparison is " +"false::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1073 +msgid "" +">>> chr(128) == unichr(128) # Can't convert chr(128) to Unicode\n" +"__main__:1: UnicodeWarning: Unicode equal comparison failed\n" +" to convert both arguments to Unicode - interpreting them\n" +" as being unequal\n" +"False\n" +">>> chr(127) == unichr(127) # chr(127) can be converted\n" +"True" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1081 +msgid "" +"Previously this would raise a :class:`UnicodeDecodeError` exception, but in " +"2.5 this could result in puzzling problems when accessing a dictionary. If " +"you looked up ``unichr(128)`` and ``chr(128)`` was being used as a key, " +"you'd get a :class:`UnicodeDecodeError` exception. Other changes in 2.5 " +"resulted in this exception being raised instead of suppressed by the code in" +" :file:`dictobject.c` that implements dictionaries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"Raising an exception for such a comparison is strictly correct, but the " +"change might have broken code, so instead :class:`UnicodeWarning` was " +"introduced." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1091 +msgid "(Implemented by Marc-André Lemburg.)" +msgstr "（由 Marc-André Lemburg 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"One error that Python programmers sometimes make is forgetting to include an" +" :file:`__init__.py` module in a package directory. Debugging this mistake " +"can be confusing, and usually requires running Python with the :option:`-v` " +"switch to log all the paths searched. In Python 2.5, a new " +":exc:`ImportWarning` warning is triggered when an import would have picked " +"up a directory as a package but no :file:`__init__.py` was found. This " +"warning is silently ignored by default; provide the :option:`-Wd <-W>` " +"option when running the Python executable to display the warning message. " +"(Implemented by Thomas Wouters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"The list of base classes in a class definition can now be empty. As an " +"example, this is now legal::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"class C():\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1108 +msgid "(Implemented by Brett Cannon.)" +msgstr "（由 Brett Cannon 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1116 +msgid "Interactive Interpreter Changes" +msgstr "交互解释器变更" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1118 +msgid "" +"In the interactive interpreter, ``quit`` and ``exit`` have long been " +"strings so that new users get a somewhat helpful message when they try to " +"quit::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1121 +msgid "" +">>> quit\n" +"'Use Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit.'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.5, ``quit`` and ``exit`` are now objects that still produce " +"string representations of themselves, but are also callable. Newbies who try" +" ``quit()`` or ``exit()`` will now exit the interpreter as they expect. " +"(Implemented by Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1129 +msgid "" +"The Python executable now accepts the standard long options " +":option:`--help` and :option:`--version`; on Windows, it also accepts the " +":option:`/? <-?>` option for displaying a help message. (Implemented by " +"Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1139 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1141 +msgid "" +"Several of the optimizations were developed at the NeedForSpeed sprint, an " +"event held in Reykjavik, Iceland, from May 21--28 2006. The sprint focused " +"on speed enhancements to the CPython implementation and was funded by EWT " +"LLC with local support from CCP Games. Those optimizations added at this " +"sprint are specially marked in the following list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"When they were introduced in Python 2.4, the built-in :class:`set` and " +":class:`frozenset` types were built on top of Python's dictionary type. In" +" 2.5 the internal data structure has been customized for implementing sets, " +"and as a result sets will use a third less memory and are somewhat faster. " +"(Implemented by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1153 +msgid "" +"The speed of some Unicode operations, such as finding substrings, string " +"splitting, and character map encoding and decoding, has been improved. " +"(Substring search and splitting improvements were added by Fredrik Lundh and" +" Andrew Dalke at the NeedForSpeed sprint. Character maps were improved by " +"Walter Dörwald and Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"The ``long(str, base)`` function is now faster on long digit strings because" +" fewer intermediate results are calculated. The peak is for strings of " +"around 800--1000 digits where the function is 6 times faster. (Contributed " +"by Alan McIntyre and committed at the NeedForSpeed sprint.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"It's now illegal to mix iterating over a file with ``for line in file`` and" +" calling the file object's :meth:`read`/:meth:`readline`/:meth:`readlines` " +"methods. Iteration uses an internal buffer and the :meth:`!read\\*` " +"methods don't use that buffer. Instead they would return the data " +"following the buffer, causing the data to appear out of order. Mixing " +"iteration and these methods will now trigger a :exc:`ValueError` from the " +":meth:`!read\\*` method. (Implemented by Thomas Wouters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`struct` module now compiles structure format strings into an " +"internal representation and caches this representation, yielding a 20% " +"speedup. (Contributed by Bob Ippolito at the NeedForSpeed sprint.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1182 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`re` module got a 1 or 2% speedup by switching to Python's " +"allocator functions instead of the system's :c:func:`malloc` and " +":c:func:`free`. (Contributed by Jack Diederich at the NeedForSpeed sprint.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"The code generator's peephole optimizer now performs simple constant folding" +" in expressions. If you write something like ``a = 2+3``, the code " +"generator will do the arithmetic and produce code corresponding to ``a = " +"5``. (Proposed and implemented by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1191 +msgid "" +"Function calls are now faster because code objects now keep the most " +"recently finished frame (a \"zombie frame\") in an internal field of the " +"code object, reusing it the next time the code object is invoked. (Original" +" patch by Michael Hudson, modified by Armin Rigo and Richard Jones; " +"committed at the NeedForSpeed sprint.) Frame objects are also slightly " +"smaller, which may improve cache locality and reduce memory usage a bit. " +"(Contributed by Neal Norwitz.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1201 +msgid "" +"Python's built-in exceptions are now new-style classes, a change that speeds" +" up instantiation considerably. Exception handling in Python 2.5 is " +"therefore about 30% faster than in 2.4. (Contributed by Richard Jones, Georg" +" Brandl and Sean Reifschneider at the NeedForSpeed sprint.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1206 +msgid "" +"Importing now caches the paths tried, recording whether they exist or not " +"so that the interpreter makes fewer :c:func:`open` and :c:func:`stat` calls" +" on startup. (Contributed by Martin von Löwis and Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1218 +msgid "New, Improved, and Removed Modules" +msgstr "新增，改进和删除的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1220 +msgid "" +"The standard library received many enhancements and bug fixes in Python 2.5." +" Here's a partial list of the most notable changes, sorted alphabetically by" +" module name. Consult the :file:`Misc/NEWS` file in the source tree for a " +"more complete list of changes, or look through the SVN logs for all the " +"details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!audioop` module now supports the a-LAW encoding, and the code for" +" u-LAW encoding has been improved. (Contributed by Lars Immisch.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1228 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`codecs` module gained support for incremental codecs. The " +":func:`codec.lookup` function now returns a :class:`CodecInfo` instance " +"instead of a tuple. :class:`CodecInfo` instances behave like a 4-tuple to " +"preserve backward compatibility but also have the attributes :attr:`encode`," +" :attr:`decode`, :attr:`incrementalencoder`, :attr:`incrementaldecoder`, " +":attr:`streamwriter`, and :attr:`streamreader`. Incremental codecs can " +"receive input and produce output in multiple chunks; the output is the same " +"as if the entire input was fed to the non-incremental codec. See the " +":mod:`codecs` module documentation for details. (Designed and implemented by" +" Walter Dörwald.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`collections` module gained a new type, :class:`defaultdict`, that " +"subclasses the standard :class:`dict` type. The new type mostly behaves " +"like a dictionary but constructs a default value when a key isn't present, " +"automatically adding it to the dictionary for the requested key value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1245 +msgid "" +"The first argument to :class:`defaultdict`'s constructor is a factory " +"function that gets called whenever a key is requested but not found. This " +"factory function receives no arguments, so you can use built-in type " +"constructors such as :func:`list` or :func:`int`. For example, you can " +"make an index of words based on their initial letter like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"words = \"\"\"Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita\n" +"mi ritrovai per una selva oscura\n" +"che la diritta via era smarrita\"\"\".lower().split()\n" +"\n" +"index = defaultdict(list)\n" +"\n" +"for w in words:\n" +" init_letter = w[0]\n" +" index[init_letter].append(w)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1261 +msgid "Printing ``index`` results in the following output::" +msgstr "打印 ``index`` 导致以下输出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"defaultdict(, {'c': ['cammin', 'che'], 'e': ['era'],\n" +" 'd': ['del', 'di', 'diritta'], 'm': ['mezzo', 'mi'],\n" +" 'l': ['la'], 'o': ['oscura'], 'n': ['nel', 'nostra'],\n" +" 'p': ['per'], 's': ['selva', 'smarrita'],\n" +" 'r': ['ritrovai'], 'u': ['una'], 'v': ['vita', 'via']}" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1269 +msgid "(Contributed by Guido van Rossum.)" +msgstr "（由 Guido van Rossum 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"The :class:`deque` double-ended queue type supplied by the " +":mod:`collections` module now has a ``remove(value)`` method that removes " +"the first occurrence of *value* in the queue, raising :exc:`ValueError` if " +"the value isn't found. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1276 +msgid "" +"New module: The :mod:`contextlib` module contains helper functions for use " +"with the new ':keyword:`with`' statement. See section :ref:`contextlibmod` " +"for more about this module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"New module: The :mod:`cProfile` module is a C implementation of the " +"existing :mod:`profile` module that has much lower overhead. The module's " +"interface is the same as :mod:`profile`: you run ``cProfile.run('main()')`` " +"to profile a function, can save profile data to a file, etc. It's not yet " +"known if the Hotshot profiler, which is also written in C but doesn't match " +"the :mod:`profile` module's interface, will continue to be maintained in " +"future versions of Python. (Contributed by Armin Rigo.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"Also, the :mod:`pstats` module for analyzing the data measured by the " +"profiler now supports directing the output to any file object by supplying a" +" *stream* argument to the :class:`Stats` constructor. (Contributed by Skip " +"Montanaro.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1292 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`csv` module, which parses files in comma-separated value format, " +"received several enhancements and a number of bugfixes. You can now set the" +" maximum size in bytes of a field by calling the " +"``csv.field_size_limit(new_limit)`` function; omitting the *new_limit* " +"argument will return the currently set limit. The :class:`reader` class now" +" has a :attr:`line_num` attribute that counts the number of physical lines " +"read from the source; records can span multiple physical lines, so " +":attr:`line_num` is not the same as the number of records read." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"The CSV parser is now stricter about multi-line quoted fields. Previously, " +"if a line ended within a quoted field without a terminating newline " +"character, a newline would be inserted into the returned field. This " +"behavior caused problems when reading files that contained carriage return " +"characters within fields, so the code was changed to return the field " +"without inserting newlines. As a consequence, if newlines embedded within " +"fields are important, the input should be split into lines in a manner that " +"preserves the newline characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1309 +msgid "(Contributed by Skip Montanaro and Andrew McNamara.)" +msgstr "（由Skip Montanaro 和 Andrew McNamara 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~datetime.datetime` class in the :mod:`datetime` module now has" +" a ``strptime(string, format)`` method for parsing date strings, " +"contributed by Josh Spoerri. It uses the same format characters as " +":func:`time.strptime` and :func:`time.strftime`::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1316 +msgid "" +"from datetime import datetime\n" +"\n" +"ts = datetime.strptime('10:13:15 2006-03-07',\n" +" '%H:%M:%S %Y-%m-%d')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1321 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`SequenceMatcher.get_matching_blocks` method in the :mod:`difflib`" +" module now guarantees to return a minimal list of blocks describing " +"matching subsequences. Previously, the algorithm would occasionally break a" +" block of matching elements into two list entries. (Enhancement by Tim " +"Peters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1326 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`doctest` module gained a ``SKIP`` option that keeps an example " +"from being executed at all. This is intended for code snippets that are " +"usage examples intended for the reader and aren't actually test cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"An *encoding* parameter was added to the :func:`testfile` function and the " +":class:`DocFileSuite` class to specify the file's encoding. This makes it " +"easier to use non-ASCII characters in tests contained within a docstring. " +"(Contributed by Bjorn Tillenius.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` package has been updated to version 4.0. (Contributed by " +"Barry Warsaw.)" +msgstr ":mod:`email` 包已经升级到 4.0版 （由 Barry Warsaw 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1345 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`fileinput` module was made more flexible. Unicode filenames are " +"now supported, and a *mode* parameter that defaults to ``\"r\"`` was added " +"to the :func:`input` function to allow opening files in binary or " +":term:`universal newlines` mode. Another new parameter, *openhook*, lets " +"you use a function other than :func:`open` to open the input files. Once " +"you're iterating over the set of files, the :class:`FileInput` object's new " +":meth:`~fileinput.fileno` returns the file descriptor for the currently " +"opened file. (Contributed by Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1354 +msgid "" +"In the :mod:`gc` module, the new :func:`get_count` function returns a " +"3-tuple containing the current collection counts for the three GC " +"generations. This is accounting information for the garbage collector; when" +" these counts reach a specified threshold, a garbage collection sweep will " +"be made. The existing :func:`gc.collect` function now takes an optional " +"*generation* argument of 0, 1, or 2 to specify which generation to collect. " +"(Contributed by Barry Warsaw.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1361 +msgid "" +"The :func:`nsmallest` and :func:`nlargest` functions in the :mod:`heapq` " +"module now support a ``key`` keyword parameter similar to the one provided " +"by the :func:`min`/:func:`max` functions and the :meth:`sort` methods. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1366 +msgid "" +">>> import heapq\n" +">>> L = [\"short\", 'medium', 'longest', 'longer still']\n" +">>> heapq.nsmallest(2, L) # Return two lowest elements, lexicographically\n" +"['longer still', 'longest']\n" +">>> heapq.nsmallest(2, L, key=len) # Return two shortest elements\n" +"['short', 'medium']" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1373 ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1382 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1375 +msgid "" +"The :func:`itertools.islice` function now accepts ``None`` for the start and" +" step arguments. This makes it more compatible with the attributes of slice" +" objects, so that you can now write the following::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"s = slice(5) # Create slice object\n" +"itertools.islice(iterable, s.start, s.stop, s.step)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1384 +msgid "" +"The :func:`format` function in the :mod:`locale` module has been modified " +"and two new functions were added, :func:`format_string` and " +":func:`currency`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1387 +msgid "" +"The :func:`format` function's *val* parameter could previously be a string " +"as long as no more than one %char specifier appeared; now the parameter must" +" be exactly one %char specifier with no surrounding text. An optional " +"*monetary* parameter was also added which, if ``True``, will use the " +"locale's rules for formatting currency in placing a separator between groups" +" of three digits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"To format strings with multiple %char specifiers, use the new " +":func:`format_string` function that works like :func:`format` but also " +"supports mixing %char specifiers with arbitrary text." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1397 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`currency` function was also added that formats a number " +"according to the current locale's settings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1400 +msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "（由Georg Brandl 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1404 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`mailbox` module underwent a massive rewrite to add the capability " +"to modify mailboxes in addition to reading them. A new set of classes that " +"include :class:`mbox`, :class:`MH`, and :class:`Maildir` are used to read " +"mailboxes, and have an ``add(message)`` method to add messages, " +"``remove(key)`` to remove messages, and :meth:`lock`/:meth:`unlock` to " +"lock/unlock the mailbox. The following example converts a maildir-format " +"mailbox into an mbox-format one::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"import mailbox\n" +"\n" +"# 'factory=None' uses email.Message.Message as the class representing\n" +"# individual messages.\n" +"src = mailbox.Maildir('maildir', factory=None)\n" +"dest = mailbox.mbox('/tmp/mbox')\n" +"\n" +"for msg in src:\n" +" dest.add(msg)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1422 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Gregory K. Johnson. Funding was provided by Google's 2005 " +"Summer of Code.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1425 +msgid "" +"New module: the :mod:`!msilib` module allows creating Microsoft Installer " +":file:`.msi` files and CAB files. Some support for reading the :file:`.msi`" +" database is also included. (Contributed by Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!nis` module now supports accessing domains other than the system " +"default domain by supplying a *domain* argument to the :func:`!nis.match` " +"and :func:`!nis.maps` functions. (Contributed by Ben Bell.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1433 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`operator` module's :func:`itemgetter` and :func:`attrgetter` " +"functions now support multiple fields. A call such as " +"``operator.attrgetter('a', 'b')`` will return a function that retrieves the" +" :attr:`a` and :attr:`b` attributes. Combining this new feature with the " +":meth:`sort` method's ``key`` parameter lets you easily sort lists using " +"multiple fields. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1440 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`optparse` module was updated to version 1.5.1 of the Optik " +"library. The :class:`OptionParser` class gained an :attr:`epilog` attribute," +" a string that will be printed after the help message, and a :meth:`destroy`" +" method to break reference cycles created by the object. (Contributed by " +"Greg Ward.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1445 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module underwent several changes. The " +":attr:`stat_float_times` variable now defaults to true, meaning that " +":func:`os.stat` will now return time values as floats. (This doesn't " +"necessarily mean that :func:`os.stat` will return times that are precise to " +"fractions of a second; not all systems support such precision.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"Constants named :const:`os.SEEK_SET`, :const:`os.SEEK_CUR`, and " +":const:`os.SEEK_END` have been added; these are the parameters to the " +":func:`os.lseek` function. Two new constants for locking are " +":const:`os.O_SHLOCK` and :const:`os.O_EXLOCK`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1456 +msgid "" +"Two new functions, :func:`wait3` and :func:`wait4`, were added. They're " +"similar the :func:`waitpid` function which waits for a child process to exit" +" and returns a tuple of the process ID and its exit status, but " +":func:`wait3` and :func:`wait4` return additional information. " +":func:`wait3` doesn't take a process ID as input, so it waits for any child " +"process to exit and returns a 3-tuple of *process-id*, *exit-status*, " +"*resource-usage* as returned from the :func:`resource.getrusage` function. " +"``wait4(pid)`` does take a process ID. (Contributed by Chad J. Schroeder.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1465 +msgid "" +"On FreeBSD, the :func:`os.stat` function now returns times with nanosecond " +"resolution, and the returned object now has :attr:`st_gen` and " +":attr:`st_birthtime`. The :attr:`st_flags` attribute is also available, if " +"the platform supports it. (Contributed by Antti Louko and Diego Pettenò.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1472 +msgid "" +"The Python debugger provided by the :mod:`pdb` module can now store lists of" +" commands to execute when a breakpoint is reached and execution stops. Once" +" breakpoint #1 has been created, enter ``commands 1`` and enter a series of " +"commands to be executed, finishing the list with ``end``. The command list " +"can include commands that resume execution, such as ``continue`` or " +"``next``. (Contributed by Grégoire Dooms.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`!cPickle` modules no longer accept a return " +"value of ``None`` from the :meth:`~object.__reduce__` method; the method " +"must return a tuple of arguments instead. The ability to return ``None`` " +"was deprecated in Python 2.4, so this completes the removal of the feature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1486 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pkgutil` module, containing various utility functions for finding " +"packages, was enhanced to support :pep:`302`'s import hooks and now also " +"works for packages stored in ZIP-format archives. (Contributed by Phillip J." +" Eby.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1490 +msgid "" +"The pybench benchmark suite by Marc-André Lemburg is now included in the " +":file:`Tools/pybench` directory. The pybench suite is an improvement on the" +" commonly used :file:`pystone.py` program because pybench provides a more " +"detailed measurement of the interpreter's speed. It times particular " +"operations such as function calls, tuple slicing, method lookups, and " +"numeric operations, instead of performing many different operations and " +"reducing the result to a single number as :file:`pystone.py` does." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1498 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pyexpat` module now uses version 2.0 of the Expat parser. " +"(Contributed by Trent Mick.)" +msgstr ":mod:`pyexpat` 模块现在使用 Expat 解析器的 2.0 版。 （由 Trent Mick 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1501 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~queue.Queue` class provided by the :mod:`Queue` module gained " +"two new methods. :meth:`join` blocks until all items in the queue have been" +" retrieved and all processing work on the items have been completed. " +"Worker threads call the other new method, :meth:`task_done`, to signal that" +" processing for an item has been completed. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1507 +msgid "" +"The old :mod:`regex` and :mod:`regsub` modules, which have been deprecated " +"ever since Python 2.0, have finally been deleted. Other deleted modules: " +":mod:`statcache`, :mod:`tzparse`, :mod:`whrandom`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1511 +msgid "" +"Also deleted: the :file:`lib-old` directory, which includes ancient modules " +"such as :mod:`dircmp` and :mod:`ni`, was removed. :file:`lib-old` wasn't on" +" the default ``sys.path``, so unless your programs explicitly added the " +"directory to ``sys.path``, this removal shouldn't affect your code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`rlcompleter` module is no longer dependent on importing the " +":mod:`readline` module and therefore now works on non-Unix platforms. (Patch" +" from Robert Kiendl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1522 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`SimpleXMLRPCServer ` and :mod:`DocXMLRPCServer " +"` classes now have a :attr:`rpc_paths` attribute that " +"constrains XML-RPC operations to a limited set of URL paths; the default is " +"to allow only ``'/'`` and ``'/RPC2'``. Setting :attr:`rpc_paths` to " +"``None`` or an empty tuple disables this path checking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1529 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module now supports :const:`AF_NETLINK` sockets on Linux, " +"thanks to a patch from Philippe Biondi. Netlink sockets are a Linux-" +"specific mechanism for communications between a user-space process and " +"kernel code; an introductory article about them is at " +"https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7356. In Python code, netlink addresses" +" are represented as a tuple of 2 integers, ``(pid, group_mask)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"Two new methods on socket objects, ``recv_into(buffer)`` and " +"``recvfrom_into(buffer)``, store the received data in an object that " +"supports the buffer protocol instead of returning the data as a string. " +"This means you can put the data directly into an array or a memory-mapped " +"file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1541 +msgid "" +"Socket objects also gained :meth:`getfamily`, :meth:`gettype`, and " +":meth:`getproto` accessor methods to retrieve the family, type, and protocol" +" values for the socket." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1545 +msgid "" +"New module: the :mod:`!spwd` module provides functions for accessing the " +"shadow password database on systems that support shadow passwords." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1548 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`struct` is now faster because it compiles format strings into " +":class:`Struct` objects with :meth:`pack` and :meth:`unpack` methods. This " +"is similar to how the :mod:`re` module lets you create compiled regular " +"expression objects. You can still use the module-level :func:`pack` and " +":func:`unpack` functions; they'll create :class:`Struct` objects and cache " +"them. Or you can use :class:`Struct` instances directly::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"s = struct.Struct('ih3s')\n" +"\n" +"data = s.pack(1972, 187, 'abc')\n" +"year, number, name = s.unpack(data)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"You can also pack and unpack data to and from buffer objects directly using " +"the ``pack_into(buffer, offset, v1, v2, ...)`` and ``unpack_from(buffer, " +"offset)`` methods. This lets you store data directly into an array or a " +"memory-mapped file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1565 +msgid "" +"(:class:`Struct` objects were implemented by Bob Ippolito at the " +"NeedForSpeed sprint. Support for buffer objects was added by Martin Blais, " +"also at the NeedForSpeed sprint.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"The Python developers switched from CVS to Subversion during the 2.5 " +"development process. Information about the exact build version is available" +" as the ``sys.subversion`` variable, a 3-tuple of ``(interpreter-name, " +"branch-name, revision-range)``. For example, at the time of writing my copy" +" of 2.5 was reporting ``('CPython', 'trunk', '45313:45315')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1575 +msgid "" +"This information is also available to C extensions via the " +":c:func:`Py_GetBuildInfo` function that returns a string of build " +"information like this: ``\"trunk:45355:45356M, Apr 13 2006, 07:42:19\"``. " +"(Contributed by Barry Warsaw.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"Another new function, :func:`sys._current_frames`, returns the current stack" +" frames for all running threads as a dictionary mapping thread identifiers " +"to the topmost stack frame currently active in that thread at the time the " +"function is called. (Contributed by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1585 +msgid "" +"The :class:`TarFile` class in the :mod:`tarfile` module now has an " +":meth:`extractall` method that extracts all members from the archive into " +"the current working directory. It's also possible to set a different " +"directory as the extraction target, and to unpack only a subset of the " +"archive's members." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1590 +msgid "" +"The compression used for a tarfile opened in stream mode can now be " +"autodetected using the mode ``'r|*'``. (Contributed by Lars Gustäbel.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module now lets you set the stack size used when new " +"threads are created. The ``stack_size([*size*])`` function returns the " +"currently configured stack size, and supplying the optional *size* parameter" +" sets a new value. Not all platforms support changing the stack size, but " +"Windows, POSIX threading, and OS/2 all do. (Contributed by Andrew " +"MacIntyre.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1603 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unicodedata` module has been updated to use version 4.1.0 of the " +"Unicode character database. Version 3.2.0 is required by some " +"specifications, so it's still available as :data:`unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1607 +msgid "" +"New module: the :mod:`uuid` module generates universally unique " +"identifiers (UUIDs) according to :rfc:`4122`. The RFC defines several " +"different UUID versions that are generated from a starting string, from " +"system properties, or purely randomly. This module contains a :class:`UUID`" +" class and functions named :func:`uuid1`, :func:`uuid3`, :func:`uuid4`, " +"and :func:`uuid5` to generate different versions of UUID. (Version 2 UUIDs" +" are not specified in :rfc:`4122` and are not supported by this module.) ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1615 +msgid "" +">>> import uuid\n" +">>> # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time\n" +">>> uuid.uuid1()\n" +"UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')\n" +"\n" +">>> # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name\n" +">>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')\n" +"UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')\n" +"\n" +">>> # make a random UUID\n" +">>> uuid.uuid4()\n" +"UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')\n" +"\n" +">>> # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name\n" +">>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')\n" +"UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1632 +msgid "(Contributed by Ka-Ping Yee.)" +msgstr "（由 Ka-Ping Yee 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1634 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`weakref` module's :class:`WeakKeyDictionary` and " +":class:`WeakValueDictionary` types gained new methods for iterating over the" +" weak references contained in the dictionary. :meth:`iterkeyrefs` and " +":meth:`keyrefs` methods were added to :class:`WeakKeyDictionary`, and " +":meth:`itervaluerefs` and :meth:`valuerefs` were added to " +":class:`WeakValueDictionary`. (Contributed by Fred L. Drake, Jr.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1641 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`webbrowser` module received a number of enhancements. It's now " +"usable as a script with ``python -m webbrowser``, taking a URL as the " +"argument; there are a number of switches to control the behaviour " +"(:option:`!-n` for a new browser window, :option:`!-t` for a new tab). New" +" module-level functions, :func:`open_new` and :func:`open_new_tab`, were " +"added to support this. The module's :func:`open` function supports an " +"additional feature, an *autoraise* parameter that signals whether to raise " +"the open window when possible. A number of additional browsers were added to" +" the supported list such as Firefox, Opera, Konqueror, and elinks. " +"(Contributed by Oleg Broytmann and Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1653 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpclib ` module now supports returning " +":class:`~datetime.datetime` objects for the XML-RPC date type. Supply " +"``use_datetime=True`` to the :func:`~xmlrpc.client.loads` function or the " +":class:`!Unmarshaller` class to enable this feature. (Contributed by Skip " +"Montanaro.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1660 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zipfile` module now supports the ZIP64 version of the format, " +"meaning that a .zip archive can now be larger than 4 GiB and can contain " +"individual files larger than 4 GiB. (Contributed by Ronald Oussoren.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1666 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zlib` module's :class:`Compress` and :class:`Decompress` objects " +"now support a :meth:`copy` method that makes a copy of the object's " +"internal state and returns a new :class:`Compress` or :class:`Decompress` " +"object. (Contributed by Chris AtLee.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1679 +msgid "The ctypes package" +msgstr "ctypes 包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1681 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ctypes` package, written by Thomas Heller, has been added to the " +"standard library. :mod:`ctypes` lets you call arbitrary functions in " +"shared libraries or DLLs. Long-time users may remember the :mod:`!dl` " +"module, which provides functions for loading shared libraries and calling " +"functions in them. The :mod:`ctypes` package is much fancier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1687 +msgid "" +"To load a shared library or DLL, you must create an instance of the " +":class:`CDLL` class and provide the name or path of the shared library or " +"DLL. Once that's done, you can call arbitrary functions by accessing them as" +" attributes of the :class:`CDLL` object. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1692 +msgid "" +"import ctypes\n" +"\n" +"libc = ctypes.CDLL('libc.so.6')\n" +"result = libc.printf(\"Line of output\\n\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1697 +msgid "" +"Type constructors for the various C types are provided: :func:`c_int`, " +":func:`c_float`, :func:`c_double`, :func:`c_char_p` (equivalent to " +":c:expr:`char \\*`), and so forth. Unlike Python's types, the C versions " +"are all mutable; you can assign to their :attr:`value` attribute to change " +"the wrapped value. Python integers and strings will be automatically " +"converted to the corresponding C types, but for other types you must call " +"the correct type constructor. (And I mean *must*; getting it wrong will " +"often result in the interpreter crashing with a segmentation fault.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1706 +msgid "" +"You shouldn't use :func:`c_char_p` with a Python string when the C function " +"will be modifying the memory area, because Python strings are supposed to " +"be immutable; breaking this rule will cause puzzling bugs. When you need a " +"modifiable memory area, use :func:`create_string_buffer`::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1711 +msgid "" +"s = \"this is a string\"\n" +"buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(s)\n" +"libc.strfry(buf)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1715 +msgid "" +"C functions are assumed to return integers, but you can set the " +":attr:`restype` attribute of the function object to change this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1718 +msgid "" +">>> libc.atof('2.71828')\n" +"-1783957616\n" +">>> libc.atof.restype = ctypes.c_double\n" +">>> libc.atof('2.71828')\n" +"2.71828" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1724 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` also provides a wrapper for Python's C API as the " +"``ctypes.pythonapi`` object. This object does *not* release the global " +"interpreter lock before calling a function, because the lock must be held " +"when calling into the interpreter's code. There's a " +":class:`~ctypes.py_object` type constructor that will create a " +":c:expr:`PyObject *` pointer. A simple usage::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1730 +msgid "" +"import ctypes\n" +"\n" +"d = {}\n" +"ctypes.pythonapi.PyObject_SetItem(ctypes.py_object(d),\n" +" ctypes.py_object(\"abc\"), ctypes.py_object(1))\n" +"# d is now {'abc', 1}." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1737 +msgid "" +"Don't forget to use :func:`~ctypes.py_object`; if it's omitted you end up " +"with a segmentation fault." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1740 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` has been around for a while, but people still write and " +"distribution hand-coded extension modules because you can't rely on " +":mod:`ctypes` being present. Perhaps developers will begin to write Python " +"wrappers atop a library accessed through :mod:`ctypes` instead of extension " +"modules, now that :mod:`ctypes` is included with core Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1749 +msgid "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20180410025338/http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes/" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1750 +msgid "The pre-stdlib ctypes web page, with a tutorial, reference, and FAQ." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1752 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`ctypes` module." +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1760 +msgid "The ElementTree package" +msgstr "ElementTree 包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1762 +msgid "" +"A subset of Fredrik Lundh's ElementTree library for processing XML has been " +"added to the standard library as :mod:`xml.etree`. The available modules " +"are :mod:`ElementTree`, :mod:`ElementPath`, and :mod:`ElementInclude` from " +"ElementTree 1.2.6. The :mod:`cElementTree` accelerator module is also " +"included." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1768 +msgid "" +"The rest of this section will provide a brief overview of using ElementTree." +" Full documentation for ElementTree is available at " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20201124024954/http://effbot.org/zone/element-" +"index.htm." +msgstr "" +"本节的剩余部分将提供使用 ElementTree 的简要说明。 要获取 ElementTree 的完整文档可访问 " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20201124024954/http://effbot.org/zone/element-" +"index.htm。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1772 +msgid "" +"ElementTree represents an XML document as a tree of element nodes. The text " +"content of the document is stored as the :attr:`text` and :attr:`tail` " +"attributes of (This is one of the major differences between ElementTree and" +" the Document Object Model; in the DOM there are many different types of " +"node, including :class:`TextNode`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1778 +msgid "" +"The most commonly used parsing function is :func:`parse`, that takes either " +"a string (assumed to contain a filename) or a file-like object and returns " +"an :class:`ElementTree` instance::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1782 +msgid "" +"from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET\n" +"\n" +"tree = ET.parse('ex-1.xml')\n" +"\n" +"feed = urllib.urlopen(\n" +" 'http://planet.python.org/rss10.xml')\n" +"tree = ET.parse(feed)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"Once you have an :class:`ElementTree` instance, you can call its " +":meth:`getroot` method to get the root :class:`Element` node." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1793 +msgid "" +"There's also an :func:`XML` function that takes a string literal and returns" +" an :class:`Element` node (not an :class:`ElementTree`). This function " +"provides a tidy way to incorporate XML fragments, approaching the " +"convenience of an XML literal::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1798 +msgid "" +"svg = ET.XML(\"\"\"\n" +" \"\"\")\n" +"svg.set('height', '320px')\n" +"svg.append(elem1)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"Each XML element supports some dictionary-like and some list-like access " +"methods. Dictionary-like operations are used to access attribute values, " +"and list-like operations are used to access child nodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1808 +msgid "Operation" +msgstr "运算" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1808 +msgid "Result" +msgstr "结果：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1810 +msgid "``elem[n]``" +msgstr "``elem[n]``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1810 +msgid "Returns n'th child element." +msgstr "返回第n个子元素" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1812 +msgid "``elem[m:n]``" +msgstr "``elem[m:n]``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1812 +msgid "Returns list of m'th through n'th child elements." +msgstr "返回第m至第n个子元素的列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1815 +msgid "``len(elem)``" +msgstr "``len(elem)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1815 +msgid "Returns number of child elements." +msgstr "返回子元素的个数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1817 +msgid "``list(elem)``" +msgstr "``list(elem)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1817 +msgid "Returns list of child elements." +msgstr "返回子元素的列表" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1819 +msgid "``elem.append(elem2)``" +msgstr "``elem.append(elem2)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1819 +msgid "Adds *elem2* as a child." +msgstr "将 *elem2* 添加为子级。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1821 +msgid "``elem.insert(index, elem2)``" +msgstr "``elem.insert(index, elem2)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1821 +msgid "Inserts *elem2* at the specified location." +msgstr "在指定位置插入 *elem2* 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1823 +msgid "``del elem[n]``" +msgstr "``del elem[n]``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1823 +msgid "Deletes n'th child element." +msgstr "删除第n个子元素" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1825 +msgid "``elem.keys()``" +msgstr "``elem.keys()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1825 +msgid "Returns list of attribute names." +msgstr "返回属性名称的列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1827 +msgid "``elem.get(name)``" +msgstr "``elem.get(name)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1827 +msgid "Returns value of attribute *name*." +msgstr "返回 *name* 属性的值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1829 +msgid "``elem.set(name, value)``" +msgstr "``elem.set(name, value)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1829 +msgid "Sets new value for attribute *name*." +msgstr "为 *name* 属性设置新值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1831 +msgid "``elem.attrib``" +msgstr "``elem.attrib``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1831 +msgid "Retrieves the dictionary containing attributes." +msgstr "检索包含属性的字典。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1834 +msgid "``del elem.attrib[name]``" +msgstr "``del elem.attrib[name]``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1834 +msgid "Deletes attribute *name*." +msgstr "删除 元素 *name* 的属性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1837 +msgid "" +"Comments and processing instructions are also represented as " +":class:`Element` nodes. To check if a node is a comment or processing " +"instructions::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"if elem.tag is ET.Comment:\n" +" ...\n" +"elif elem.tag is ET.ProcessingInstruction:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"To generate XML output, you should call the :meth:`ElementTree.write` " +"method. Like :func:`parse`, it can take either a string or a file-like " +"object::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1848 +msgid "" +"# Encoding is US-ASCII\n" +"tree.write('output.xml')\n" +"\n" +"# Encoding is UTF-8\n" +"f = open('output.xml', 'w')\n" +"tree.write(f, encoding='utf-8')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1855 +msgid "" +"(Caution: the default encoding used for output is ASCII. For general XML " +"work, where an element's name may contain arbitrary Unicode characters, " +"ASCII isn't a very useful encoding because it will raise an exception if an " +"element's name contains any characters with values greater than 127. " +"Therefore, it's best to specify a different encoding such as UTF-8 that can " +"handle any Unicode character.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"This section is only a partial description of the ElementTree interfaces. " +"Please read the package's official documentation for more details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1868 +msgid "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20201124024954/http://effbot.org/zone/element-" +"index.htm" +msgstr "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20201124024954/http://effbot.org/zone/element-" +"index.htm" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1869 +msgid "Official documentation for ElementTree." +msgstr "ElementTree 的官方文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1877 +msgid "The hashlib package" +msgstr "hashlib 包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1879 +msgid "" +"A new :mod:`hashlib` module, written by Gregory P. Smith, has been added to" +" replace the :mod:`!md5` and :mod:`!sha` modules. :mod:`hashlib` adds " +"support for additional secure hashes (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and " +"SHA-512). When available, the module uses OpenSSL for fast platform " +"optimized implementations of algorithms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1885 +msgid "" +"The old :mod:`!md5` and :mod:`!sha` modules still exist as wrappers around " +"hashlib to preserve backwards compatibility. The new module's interface is " +"very close to that of the old modules, but not identical. The most " +"significant difference is that the constructor functions for creating new " +"hashing objects are named differently. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1891 +msgid "" +"# Old versions\n" +"h = md5.md5()\n" +"h = md5.new()\n" +"\n" +"# New version\n" +"h = hashlib.md5()\n" +"\n" +"# Old versions\n" +"h = sha.sha()\n" +"h = sha.new()\n" +"\n" +"# New version\n" +"h = hashlib.sha1()\n" +"\n" +"# Hash that weren't previously available\n" +"h = hashlib.sha224()\n" +"h = hashlib.sha256()\n" +"h = hashlib.sha384()\n" +"h = hashlib.sha512()\n" +"\n" +"# Alternative form\n" +"h = hashlib.new('md5') # Provide algorithm as a string" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1914 +msgid "" +"Once a hash object has been created, its methods are the same as before: " +"``update(string)`` hashes the specified string into the current digest " +"state, :meth:`digest` and :meth:`hexdigest` return the digest value as a " +"binary string or a string of hex digits, and :meth:`copy` returns a new " +"hashing object with the same digest state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1923 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`hashlib` module." +msgstr ":mod:`hashlib` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1931 +msgid "The sqlite3 package" +msgstr "sqlite3 包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1933 +msgid "" +"The pysqlite module (https://www.pysqlite.org), a wrapper for the SQLite " +"embedded database, has been added to the standard library under the package " +"name :mod:`sqlite3`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1937 +msgid "" +"SQLite is a C library that provides a lightweight disk-based database that " +"doesn't require a separate server process and allows accessing the database " +"using a nonstandard variant of the SQL query language. Some applications can" +" use SQLite for internal data storage. It's also possible to prototype an " +"application using SQLite and then port the code to a larger database such as" +" PostgreSQL or Oracle." +msgstr "" +"SQLite 是一个C语言库，它可以提供一种轻量级的基于磁盘的数据库，这种数据库不需要独立的服务器进程，也允许需要使用一种非标准的 SQL " +"查询语言来访问它。一些应用程序可以使用 SQLite 作为内部数据存储。可以用它来创建一个应用程序原型，然后再迁移到更大的数据库，比如 " +"PostgreSQL 或 Oracle。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1944 +msgid "" +"pysqlite was written by Gerhard Häring and provides a SQL interface " +"compliant with the DB-API 2.0 specification described by :pep:`249`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"If you're compiling the Python source yourself, note that the source tree " +"doesn't include the SQLite code, only the wrapper module. You'll need to " +"have the SQLite libraries and headers installed before compiling Python, and" +" the build process will compile the module when the necessary headers are " +"available." +msgstr "" +"如果您自己编译 Python 源代码，请注意源代码树不包含 SQLite 代码，只包含封装模块。在编译 Python 之前，您需要安装 SQLite " +"库和头文件，当必要的头文件可用时，编译过程将编译模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1952 +msgid "" +"To use the module, you must first create a :class:`Connection` object that " +"represents the database. Here the data will be stored in the " +":file:`/tmp/example` file::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1956 +msgid "conn = sqlite3.connect('/tmp/example')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1958 +msgid "" +"You can also supply the special name ``:memory:`` to create a database in " +"RAM." +msgstr "你也可以使用 ``:memory:`` 来创建一个内存中的数据库" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1960 +msgid "" +"Once you have a :class:`Connection`, you can create a :class:`Cursor` " +"object and call its :meth:`execute` method to perform SQL commands::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1963 +msgid "" +"c = conn.cursor()\n" +"\n" +"# Create table\n" +"c.execute('''create table stocks\n" +"(date text, trans text, symbol text,\n" +" qty real, price real)''')\n" +"\n" +"# Insert a row of data\n" +"c.execute(\"\"\"insert into stocks\n" +" values ('2006-01-05','BUY','RHAT',100,35.14)\"\"\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1974 +msgid "" +"Usually your SQL operations will need to use values from Python variables. " +"You shouldn't assemble your query using Python's string operations because " +"doing so is insecure; it makes your program vulnerable to an SQL injection " +"attack." +msgstr "" +"通常，您的 SQL 操作需要使用来自 Python 变量的值。 您不应该使用 Python " +"的字符串操作来组装您的查询，因为这样做是不安全的，它会使您的程序容易受到 SQL 注入攻击。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1978 +msgid "" +"Instead, use the DB-API's parameter substitution. Put ``?`` as a " +"placeholder wherever you want to use a value, and then provide a tuple of " +"values as the second argument to the cursor's :meth:`execute` method. " +"(Other database modules may use a different placeholder, such as ``%s`` or " +"``:1``.) For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1983 +msgid "" +"# Never do this -- insecure!\n" +"symbol = 'IBM'\n" +"c.execute(\"... where symbol = '%s'\" % symbol)\n" +"\n" +"# Do this instead\n" +"t = (symbol,)\n" +"c.execute('select * from stocks where symbol=?', t)\n" +"\n" +"# Larger example\n" +"for t in (('2006-03-28', 'BUY', 'IBM', 1000, 45.00),\n" +" ('2006-04-05', 'BUY', 'MSOFT', 1000, 72.00),\n" +" ('2006-04-06', 'SELL', 'IBM', 500, 53.00),\n" +" ):\n" +" c.execute('insert into stocks values (?,?,?,?,?)', t)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1998 +msgid "" +"To retrieve data after executing a SELECT statement, you can either treat " +"the cursor as an iterator, call the cursor's :meth:`fetchone` method to " +"retrieve a single matching row, or call :meth:`fetchall` to get a list of " +"the matching rows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2003 +msgid "This example uses the iterator form::" +msgstr "下面是一个使用迭代器形式的例子：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2005 +msgid "" +">>> c = conn.cursor()\n" +">>> c.execute('select * from stocks order by price')\n" +">>> for row in c:\n" +"... print row\n" +"...\n" +"(u'2006-01-05', u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)\n" +"(u'2006-03-28', u'BUY', u'IBM', 1000, 45.0)\n" +"(u'2006-04-06', u'SELL', u'IBM', 500, 53.0)\n" +"(u'2006-04-05', u'BUY', u'MSOFT', 1000, 72.0)\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2016 +msgid "" +"For more information about the SQL dialect supported by SQLite, see " +"https://www.sqlite.org." +msgstr "有关 SQLite 所支持的 SQL 方法的更多信息，请参阅 https://www.sqlite.org。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2022 +msgid "https://www.pysqlite.org" +msgstr "https://www.pysqlite.org" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2023 +msgid "The pysqlite web page." +msgstr "pysqlite 的主页" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2025 +msgid "https://www.sqlite.org" +msgstr "https://www.sqlite.org" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2026 +msgid "" +"The SQLite web page; the documentation describes the syntax and the " +"available data types for the supported SQL dialect." +msgstr "SQLite的主页；它的文档详细描述了它所支持的 SQL 方言的语法和可用的数据类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2029 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`sqlite3` module." +msgstr ":mod:`sqlite3` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2031 +msgid ":pep:`249` - Database API Specification 2.0" +msgstr ":pep:`249` - DB-API 2.0 规范" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2032 +msgid "PEP written by Marc-André Lemburg." +msgstr "PEP 由 Marc-André Lemburg 撰写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2040 +msgid "The wsgiref package" +msgstr "wsgiref 包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2042 +msgid "" +"The Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) v1.0 defines a standard interface " +"between web servers and Python web applications and is described in " +":pep:`333`. The :mod:`wsgiref` package is a reference implementation of the " +"WSGI specification." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2049 +msgid "" +"The package includes a basic HTTP server that will run a WSGI application; " +"this server is useful for debugging but isn't intended for production use." +" Setting up a server takes only a few lines of code::" +msgstr "该软件包包含一个基本 HTTP 服务器，可运行 WSGI 应用程序；该服务器可用于调试，但不打算用于生产环境。设置服务器只需几行代码：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2053 +msgid "" +"from wsgiref import simple_server\n" +"\n" +"wsgi_app = ...\n" +"\n" +"host = ''\n" +"port = 8000\n" +"httpd = simple_server.make_server(host, port, wsgi_app)\n" +"httpd.serve_forever()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2068 +msgid "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20160331090247/http://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/" +msgstr "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20160331090247/http://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2069 +msgid "A central web site for WSGI-related resources." +msgstr "WSGI相关资源的核心网站。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2071 +msgid ":pep:`333` - Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0" +msgstr ":pep:`333` - Python Web服务器网关接口 v1.0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2072 +msgid "PEP written by Phillip J. Eby." +msgstr "PEP 由 Phillip J. Eby 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2080 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2082 +msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" +msgstr "针对 Python 构建过程和 C API 的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2084 +msgid "" +"The Python source tree was converted from CVS to Subversion, in a complex " +"migration procedure that was supervised and flawlessly carried out by Martin" +" von Löwis. The procedure was developed as :pep:`347`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2088 +msgid "" +"Coverity, a company that markets a source code analysis tool called Prevent," +" provided the results of their examination of the Python source code. The " +"analysis found about 60 bugs that were quickly fixed. Many of the bugs " +"were refcounting problems, often occurring in error-handling code. See " +"https://scan.coverity.com for the statistics." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2094 +msgid "" +"The largest change to the C API came from :pep:`353`, which modifies the " +"interpreter to use a :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` type definition instead of " +":c:expr:`int`. See the earlier section :ref:`pep-353` for a discussion of " +"this change." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2099 +msgid "" +"The design of the bytecode compiler has changed a great deal, no longer " +"generating bytecode by traversing the parse tree. Instead the parse tree is" +" converted to an abstract syntax tree (or AST), and it is the abstract " +"syntax tree that's traversed to produce the bytecode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"It's possible for Python code to obtain AST objects by using the " +":func:`compile` built-in and specifying ``_ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST`` as the value " +"of the *flags* parameter::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2108 +msgid "" +"from _ast import PyCF_ONLY_AST\n" +"ast = compile(\"\"\"a=0\n" +"for i in range(10):\n" +" a += i\n" +"\"\"\", \"\", 'exec', PyCF_ONLY_AST)\n" +"\n" +"assignment = ast.body[0]\n" +"for_loop = ast.body[1]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2117 +msgid "" +"No official documentation has been written for the AST code yet, but " +":pep:`339` discusses the design. To start learning about the code, read the" +" definition of the various AST nodes in :file:`Parser/Python.asdl`. A " +"Python script reads this file and generates a set of C structure definitions" +" in :file:`Include/Python-ast.h`. The :c:func:`PyParser_ASTFromString` and " +":c:func:`!PyParser_ASTFromFile`, defined in :file:`Include/pythonrun.h`, " +"take Python source as input and return the root of an AST representing the " +"contents. This AST can then be turned into a code object by " +":c:func:`!PyAST_Compile`. For more information, read the source code, and " +"then ask questions on python-dev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2127 +msgid "" +"The AST code was developed under Jeremy Hylton's management, and implemented" +" by (in alphabetical order) Brett Cannon, Nick Coghlan, Grant Edwards, John " +"Ehresman, Kurt Kaiser, Neal Norwitz, Tim Peters, Armin Rigo, and Neil " +"Schemenauer, plus the participants in a number of AST sprints at conferences" +" such as PyCon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2136 +msgid "" +"Evan Jones's patch to obmalloc, first described in a talk at PyCon DC 2005, " +"was applied. Python 2.4 allocated small objects in 256K-sized arenas, but " +"never freed arenas. With this patch, Python will free arenas when they're " +"empty. The net effect is that on some platforms, when you allocate many " +"objects, Python's memory usage may actually drop when you delete them and " +"the memory may be returned to the operating system. (Implemented by Evan " +"Jones, and reworked by Tim Peters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2144 +msgid "" +"Note that this change means extension modules must be more careful when " +"allocating memory. Python's API has many different functions for allocating" +" memory that are grouped into families. For example, " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`, and :c:func:`PyMem_Free` " +"are one family that allocates raw memory, while :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`, and :c:func:`PyObject_Free` are another family " +"that's supposed to be used for creating Python objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2152 +msgid "" +"Previously these different families all reduced to the platform's " +":c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free` functions. This meant it didn't matter" +" if you got things wrong and allocated memory with the ``PyMem`` function " +"but freed it with the ``PyObject`` function. With 2.5's changes to " +"obmalloc, these families now do different things and mismatches will " +"probably result in a segfault. You should carefully test your C extension " +"modules with Python 2.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2159 +msgid "" +"The built-in set types now have an official C API. Call :c:func:`PySet_New`" +" and :c:func:`PyFrozenSet_New` to create a new set, :c:func:`PySet_Add` and " +":c:func:`PySet_Discard` to add and remove elements, and " +":c:func:`PySet_Contains` and :c:func:`PySet_Size` to examine the set's " +"state. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2165 +msgid "" +"C code can now obtain information about the exact revision of the Python " +"interpreter by calling the :c:func:`Py_GetBuildInfo` function that returns " +"a string of build information like this: ``\"trunk:45355:45356M, Apr 13 " +"2006, 07:42:19\"``. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"Two new macros can be used to indicate C functions that are local to the " +"current file so that a faster calling convention can be used. " +"``Py_LOCAL(type)`` declares the function as returning a value of the " +"specified *type* and uses a fast-calling qualifier. " +"``Py_LOCAL_INLINE(type)`` does the same thing and also requests the function" +" be inlined. If macro :c:macro:`!PY_LOCAL_AGGRESSIVE` is defined before " +":file:`python.h` is included, a set of more aggressive optimizations are " +"enabled for the module; you should benchmark the results to find out if " +"these optimizations actually make the code faster. (Contributed by Fredrik " +"Lundh at the NeedForSpeed sprint.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2181 +msgid "" +"``PyErr_NewException(name, base, dict)`` can now accept a tuple of base " +"classes as its *base* argument. (Contributed by Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2184 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyErr_Warn` function for issuing warnings is now deprecated in" +" favour of ``PyErr_WarnEx(category, message, stacklevel)`` which lets you " +"specify the number of stack frames separating this function and the caller." +" A *stacklevel* of 1 is the function calling :c:func:`PyErr_WarnEx`, 2 is " +"the function above that, and so forth. (Added by Neal Norwitz.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2190 +msgid "" +"The CPython interpreter is still written in C, but the code can now be " +"compiled with a C++ compiler without errors. (Implemented by Anthony " +"Baxter, Martin von Löwis, Skip Montanaro.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2194 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyRange_New` function was removed. It was never documented, " +"never used in the core code, and had dangerously lax error checking. In the" +" unlikely case that your extensions were using it, you can replace it by " +"something like the following::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2199 +msgid "" +"range = PyObject_CallFunction((PyObject*) &PyRange_Type, \"lll\",\n" +" start, stop, step);" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2208 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes" +msgstr "移植专属的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2210 +msgid "" +"MacOS X (10.3 and higher): dynamic loading of modules now uses the " +":c:func:`dlopen` function instead of MacOS-specific functions." +msgstr "" +"MacOS X (10.3 及更高版本): 模块的动态加载现在会使用 :c:func:`dlopen` 函数而不是 MacOS 专属的函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"MacOS X: an :option:`!--enable-universalsdk` switch was added to the " +":program:`configure` script that compiles the interpreter as a universal " +"binary able to run on both PowerPC and Intel processors. (Contributed by " +"Ronald Oussoren; :issue:`2573`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2218 +msgid "" +"Windows: :file:`.dll` is no longer supported as a filename extension for " +"extension modules. :file:`.pyd` is now the only filename extension that " +"will be searched for." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2228 +msgid "Porting to Python 2.5" +msgstr "移植到Python 2.5" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2230 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes that may require changes to " +"your code:" +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的可能需要修改你的代码的改变：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2233 +msgid "" +"ASCII is now the default encoding for modules. It's now a syntax error if " +"a module contains string literals with 8-bit characters but doesn't have an " +"encoding declaration. In Python 2.4 this triggered a warning, not a syntax " +"error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2238 +msgid "" +"Previously, the :attr:`gi_frame` attribute of a generator was always a frame" +" object. Because of the :pep:`342` changes described in section " +":ref:`pep-342`, it's now possible for :attr:`gi_frame` to be ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2242 +msgid "" +"A new warning, :class:`UnicodeWarning`, is triggered when you attempt to " +"compare a Unicode string and an 8-bit string that can't be converted to " +"Unicode using the default ASCII encoding. Previously such comparisons would" +" raise a :class:`UnicodeDecodeError` exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2247 +msgid "" +"Library: the :mod:`csv` module is now stricter about multi-line quoted " +"fields. If your files contain newlines embedded within fields, the input " +"should be split into lines in a manner which preserves the newline " +"characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2251 +msgid "" +"Library: the :mod:`locale` module's :func:`format` function's would " +"previously accept any string as long as no more than one %char specifier " +"appeared. In Python 2.5, the argument must be exactly one %char specifier " +"with no surrounding text." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"Library: The :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`!cPickle` modules no longer accept a " +"return value of ``None`` from the :meth:`~object.__reduce__` method; the " +"method must return a tuple of arguments instead. The modules also no longer" +" accept the deprecated *bin* keyword parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2261 +msgid "" +"Library: The :mod:`SimpleXMLRPCServer ` and " +":mod:`DocXMLRPCServer ` classes now have a :attr:`rpc_paths`" +" attribute that constrains XML-RPC operations to a limited set of URL paths;" +" the default is to allow only ``'/'`` and ``'/RPC2'``. Setting " +":attr:`rpc_paths` to ``None`` or an empty tuple disables this path " +"checking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2267 +msgid "" +"C API: Many functions now use :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` instead of :c:expr:`int`" +" to allow processing more data on 64-bit machines. Extension code may need " +"to make the same change to avoid warnings and to support 64-bit machines. " +"See the earlier section :ref:`pep-353` for a discussion of this change." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2272 +msgid "" +"C API: The obmalloc changes mean that you must be careful to not mix usage" +" of the ``PyMem_*`` and ``PyObject_*`` families of functions. Memory " +"allocated with one family's ``*_Malloc`` must be freed with the " +"corresponding family's ``*_Free`` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2281 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:2283 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article:" +" Georg Brandl, Nick Coghlan, Phillip J. Eby, Lars Gustäbel, Raymond " +"Hettinger, Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve, Kent Johnson, Iain Lowe, Martin von " +"Löwis, Fredrik Lundh, Andrew McNamara, Skip Montanaro, Gustavo Niemeyer, " +"Paul Prescod, James Pryor, Mike Rovner, Scott Weikart, Barry Warsaw, Thomas " +"Wouters." +msgstr "" +"作者感谢以下人员对本文各种草稿给予的建议，更正和协助： Georg Brandl, Nick Coghlan, Phillip J. Eby, Lars" +" Gustäbel, Raymond Hettinger, Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve, Kent Johnson, Iain " +"Lowe, Martin von Löwis, Fredrik Lundh, Andrew McNamara, Skip Montanaro, " +"Gustavo Niemeyer, Paul Prescod, James Pryor, Mike Rovner, Scott Weikart, " +"Barry Warsaw, Thomas Wouters." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1342 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.5.rst:1342 +msgid "What's new" +msgstr "新变化" diff --git a/whatsnew/2.6.po b/whatsnew/2.6.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..975ea085f --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.6.po @@ -0,0 +1,4905 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Woko , 2021 +# ChenYuan , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2023 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-11 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:5 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.6" +msgstr "Python 2.6 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:7 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca)" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:50 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 2.6, released on October 1," +" 2008. The release schedule is described in :pep:`361`." +msgstr "本文介绍了 Python 2.6 的新特性，它发布于 2008 年 10 月 1 日。发布日程说明见 :pep:`361`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:53 +msgid "" +"The major theme of Python 2.6 is preparing the migration path to Python 3.0," +" a major redesign of the language. Whenever possible, Python 2.6 " +"incorporates new features and syntax from 3.0 while remaining compatible " +"with existing code by not removing older features or syntax. When it's not " +"possible to do that, Python 2.6 tries to do what it can, adding " +"compatibility functions in a :mod:`future_builtins` module and a " +":option:`!-3` switch to warn about usages that will become unsupported in " +"3.0." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.6 的主题是为迁移到 Python 3.0 做准备，这是 Python 语言的一次重大重新设计。 只要有可能，Python 2.6 " +"就会纳入 3.0 的新特性和语法，同时通过不删除旧特性或语法来保持与现有代码的兼容。 当无法做到这一点时，Python 2.6 会尽力而为，在 " +":mod:`future_builtins` 模块中添加兼容性函数，并通过 :option:`!-3` 开关来警告将在 3.0 中变得不支持的用法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Some significant new packages have been added to the standard library, such " +"as the :mod:`multiprocessing` and :mod:`json` modules, but there aren't many" +" new features that aren't related to Python 3.0 in some way." +msgstr "" +"标准库中增加了一些重要的新包，如 :mod:`multiprocessing` 和 :mod:`json` 模块等，但与 Python 3.0 " +"完全无关联的新特性并不多。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:67 +msgid "" +"Python 2.6 also sees a number of improvements and bugfixes throughout the " +"source. A search through the change logs finds there were 259 patches " +"applied and 612 bugs fixed between Python 2.5 and 2.6. Both figures are " +"likely to be underestimates." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.6 还对整个源代码进行了大量改进和错误修复。 通过搜索更改日志我们发现在 Python 2.5 和 2.6 之间应用了 259 " +"个补丁并修复了 612 个错误。 这两个数字可能都被低估了。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:72 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of the new " +"features, but instead provides a convenient overview. For full details, you" +" should refer to the documentation for Python 2.6. If you want to understand" +" the rationale for the design and implementation, refer to the PEP for a " +"particular new feature. Whenever possible, \"What's New in Python\" links to" +" the bug/patch item for each change." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供新特性的完整规范说明，而是提供一个方便的概览。 要了解完整的细节，请参阅 Python 2.6 的文档。 " +"如果你想了解有关设计和实现的具体考量，请参阅特定新特性 的 PEP。 在可能的情况下，“Python " +"有什么新变化”为每个更改的错误修正/补丁项提供链接。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:88 +msgid "Python 3.0" +msgstr "Python 3.0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:90 +msgid "" +"The development cycle for Python versions 2.6 and 3.0 was synchronized, with" +" the alpha and beta releases for both versions being made on the same days." +" The development of 3.0 has influenced many features in 2.6." +msgstr "" +"Python版本2.6和3.0的开发周期是同步的，两个版本的alpha和beta版本是在同一天发布的。3.0的发展影响了2.6中的许多功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:95 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 is a far-ranging redesign of Python that breaks compatibility " +"with the 2.x series. This means that existing Python code will need some " +"conversion in order to run on Python 3.0. However, not all the changes in " +"3.0 necessarily break compatibility. In cases where new features won't " +"cause existing code to break, they've been backported to 2.6 and are " +"described in this document in the appropriate place. Some of the " +"3.0-derived features are:" +msgstr "" +"Python 3.0 是对 Python 的大范围重新设计，打破了与 2.x 系列的兼容性。 这意味着现有的 Python 代码需要进行一些转换才能在" +" Python 3.0 上运行。 不过，并非 3.0 中的所有更改都会破坏兼容性。 在新特性不会导致现有代码崩溃的情况下，它们会被回溯到 " +"2.6，并在本文档的适当位置进行描述。 部分 3.0 衍生功能包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:104 +msgid "" +"A :meth:`__complex__` method for converting objects to a complex number." +msgstr "用于将对象转换为复数的 :meth:`__complex__` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:105 +msgid "Alternate syntax for catching exceptions: ``except TypeError as exc``." +msgstr "用于捕获异常的替代语法: ``except TypeError as exc``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:106 +msgid "" +"The addition of :func:`functools.reduce` as a synonym for the built-in " +":func:`reduce` function." +msgstr "增加 :func:`functools.reduce` 作为内置 :func:`reduce` 函数的同义词。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:109 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 adds several new built-in functions and changes the semantics of " +"some existing builtins. Functions that are new in 3.0 such as :func:`bin` " +"have simply been added to Python 2.6, but existing builtins haven't been " +"changed; instead, the :mod:`future_builtins` module has versions with the " +"new 3.0 semantics. Code written to be compatible with 3.0 can do ``from " +"future_builtins import hex, map`` as necessary." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.0 新增了一些内置函数并对部分现有内置函数的语法进行了修改。 在 3.0 中新增的函数如 :func:`bin` 已直接添加到 " +"Python 2.6 中，但现有内置函数则未修改；替代做法是在 :mod:`future_builtins` 模块中包含具有 3.0 新语法的版本。 " +"要与 3.0 兼容的代码可以在必要时执行 ``from future_builtins import hex, map``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:117 +msgid "" +"A new command-line switch, :option:`!-3`, enables warnings about features " +"that will be removed in Python 3.0. You can run code with this switch to " +"see how much work will be necessary to port code to 3.0. The value of this " +"switch is available to Python code as the boolean variable " +":data:`sys.py3kwarning`, and to C extension code as " +":c:data:`!Py_Py3kWarningFlag`." +msgstr "" +"一个新的命令行开关 :option:`!-3` 可以对 Python 3.0 将移除的特性发出警告。 你可以使用该开关运行代码，以了解将代码移植到 " +"3.0 所需的工作量。 Python 代码可以使用布尔型变量 :data:`sys.py3kwarning` 访问该开关的值，C 扩展代码可以使用 " +":c:data:`!Py_Py3kWarningFlag` 访问该开关的值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:126 +msgid "" +"The 3\\ *xxx* series of PEPs, which contains proposals for Python 3.0. " +":pep:`3000` describes the development process for Python 3.0. Start with " +":pep:`3100` that describes the general goals for Python 3.0, and then " +"explore the higher-numbered PEPs that propose specific features." +msgstr "" +"3\\ *xxx* 系列 PEP 包含针对 Python 3.0 的提议。 :pep:`3000` 描述了 Python 3.0 的开发进程。 从 " +":pep:`3100` 开始描述 Python 3.0 的主要目标，然后继续列出提议具体特性的更高数字的 PEP。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:134 +msgid "Changes to the Development Process" +msgstr "开发过程的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:136 +msgid "" +"While 2.6 was being developed, the Python development process underwent two " +"significant changes: we switched from SourceForge's issue tracker to a " +"customized Roundup installation, and the documentation was converted from " +"LaTeX to reStructuredText." +msgstr "" +"在开发2.6时，Python开发过程经历了两个重大变化：我们从SourceForge的问题跟踪程序切换到定制的Roundup安装，文档从LaTeX转换为reStructuredText。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:143 +msgid "New Issue Tracker: Roundup" +msgstr "新问题追踪：简述" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:145 +msgid "" +"For a long time, the Python developers had been growing increasingly annoyed" +" by SourceForge's bug tracker. SourceForge's hosted solution doesn't permit" +" much customization; for example, it wasn't possible to customize the life " +"cycle of issues." +msgstr "" +"很长一段时间以来，Python开发人员对SourceForge的bug跟踪器越来越恼火。SourceForge的托管解决方案不允许进行大量定制；例如，无法定制问题的生命周期。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:150 +msgid "" +"The infrastructure committee of the Python Software Foundation therefore " +"posted a call for issue trackers, asking volunteers to set up different " +"products and import some of the bugs and patches from SourceForge. Four " +"different trackers were examined: `Jira " +"`__, `Launchpad " +"`__, `Roundup `__, " +"and `Trac `__. The committee eventually settled " +"on Jira and Roundup as the two candidates. Jira is a commercial product " +"that offers no-cost hosted instances to free-software projects; Roundup is " +"an open-source project that requires volunteers to administer it and a " +"server to host it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:164 +msgid "" +"After posting a call for volunteers, a new Roundup installation was set up " +"at https://bugs.python.org. One installation of Roundup can host multiple " +"trackers, and this server now also hosts issue trackers for Jython and for " +"the Python web site. It will surely find other uses in the future. Where " +"possible, this edition of \"What's New in Python\" links to the bug/patch " +"item for each change." +msgstr "" +"在发出志愿者号召后，在https://bugs.python.org的一个Roundup的安装可以托管多个跟踪器，现在该服务器还托管Jython和Python网站的问题跟踪器。它肯定会在未来找到其他用途。在可能的情况下，此版本的“What's" +" New in Python”链接到每个更改的bug/补丁项。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Hosting of the Python bug tracker is kindly provided by `Upfront Systems " +"`__ of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Martin " +"von Löwis put a lot of effort into importing existing bugs and patches from " +"SourceForge; his scripts for this import operation are at " +"``https://svn.python.org/view/tracker/importer/`` and may be useful to other" +" projects wishing to move from SourceForge to Roundup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:182 +msgid "https://bugs.python.org" +msgstr "https://bugs.python.org" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:183 +msgid "The Python bug tracker." +msgstr "Python 的错误追踪器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:185 +msgid "https://bugs.jython.org:" +msgstr "https://bugs.jython.org:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:186 +msgid "The Jython bug tracker." +msgstr "Jython 的错误追踪器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:188 +msgid "https://roundup.sourceforge.io/" +msgstr "https://roundup.sourceforge.io/" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:189 +msgid "Roundup downloads and documentation." +msgstr "Roundup 下载和文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:191 +msgid "https://svn.python.org/view/tracker/importer/" +msgstr "https://svn.python.org/view/tracker/importer/" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:192 +msgid "Martin von Löwis's conversion scripts." +msgstr "Martin von Löwis 的转换脚本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:195 +msgid "New Documentation Format: reStructuredText Using Sphinx" +msgstr "新的文档格式：使用 Sphinx 的 reStructuredText" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:197 +msgid "" +"The Python documentation was written using LaTeX since the project started " +"around 1989. In the 1980s and early 1990s, most documentation was printed " +"out for later study, not viewed online. LaTeX was widely used because it " +"provided attractive printed output while remaining straightforward to write " +"once the basic rules of the markup were learned." +msgstr "" +"自 1989 年左右项目启动以来，Python 文档一直使用 LaTeX 编写。在 1980 年代和 1990 " +"年代早期，大多数文档都是打印出来供日后学习的，而不是在网上查看。 LaTeX " +"被广泛使用，因为它既能提供美观的打印输出，又能在掌握了标记的基本规则后直接进行编写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:204 +msgid "" +"Today LaTeX is still used for writing publications destined for printing, " +"but the landscape for programming tools has shifted. We no longer print out" +" reams of documentation; instead, we browse through it online and HTML has " +"become the most important format to support. Unfortunately, converting LaTeX" +" to HTML is fairly complicated and Fred L. Drake Jr., the long-time Python " +"documentation editor, spent a lot of time maintaining the conversion " +"process. Occasionally people would suggest converting the documentation " +"into SGML and later XML, but performing a good conversion is a major task " +"and no one ever committed the time required to finish the job." +msgstr "" +"如今 LaTeX 仍被用于编写印刷出版物，但编程工具的格局已经发生了变化。 我们不再打印成堆的文档，取而代之的是在线浏览，HTML " +"已成为最重要的支持格式。 不幸的是，将 LaTeX 转换为 HTML 相当复杂，长期担任 Python 文档编辑的 Fred L. Drake Jr. " +"花了许多时间在维护转换过程上。 偶尔有人会建议将文档转换成 SGML，之后再转换成 " +"XML，但进行良好的转换是一项艰巨的任务，从来没有人投入所需的时间来完成这项工作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:215 +msgid "" +"During the 2.6 development cycle, Georg Brandl put a lot of effort into " +"building a new toolchain for processing the documentation. The resulting " +"package is called Sphinx, and is available from https://www.sphinx-doc.org/." +msgstr "" +"在 2.6 开发周期中，Georg Brandl 投入了大量精力来构建一个新的工具链，用于处理文档。由此产生的软件包名为 Sphinx，可从 " +"https://www.sphinx-doc.org/ 获取。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:220 +msgid "" +"Sphinx concentrates on HTML output, producing attractively styled and modern" +" HTML; printed output is still supported through conversion to LaTeX. The " +"input format is reStructuredText, a markup syntax supporting custom " +"extensions and directives that is commonly used in the Python community." +msgstr "" +"Sphinx 专注于 HTML 输出，可生成吸引人风格的现代 HTML；通过转换为 LaTeX，仍可支持打印输出。输入格式是 " +"reStructuredText，这是一种支持自定义扩展和指令的标记语法，在 Python 社区很常用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Sphinx is a standalone package that can be used for writing, and almost two " +"dozen other projects (`listed on the Sphinx web site `__) have adopted Sphinx as their " +"documentation tool." +msgstr "" +"Sphinx 是一个可用于写文档的独立软件包，将近二十多个其他项目 (`列在 Sphinx 网站 `__ 上) 已采用 Sphinx 作为其文档工具。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:233 +msgid "`Documenting Python `__" +msgstr "`Documenting Python `__" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:234 +msgid "Describes how to write for Python's documentation." +msgstr "描述如何编写Python文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:236 +msgid "`Sphinx `__" +msgstr "`Sphinx `__" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:237 +msgid "Documentation and code for the Sphinx toolchain." +msgstr "Sphinx工具链的文档和代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:239 +msgid "`Docutils `__" +msgstr "`Docutils `__" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:240 +msgid "The underlying reStructuredText parser and toolset." +msgstr "reStructuredText 的基础解析器和工具集。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:246 +msgid "PEP 343: The 'with' statement" +msgstr "PEP 343: \"with\" 语句" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:248 +msgid "" +"The previous version, Python 2.5, added the ':keyword:`with`' statement as " +"an optional feature, to be enabled by a ``from __future__ import " +"with_statement`` directive. In 2.6 the statement no longer needs to be " +"specially enabled; this means that :keyword:`!with` is now always a keyword." +" The rest of this section is a copy of the corresponding section from the " +"\"What's New in Python 2.5\" document; if you're familiar with the " +"':keyword:`!with`' statement from Python 2.5, you can skip this section." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.5 之前的版本中，\":keyword:`with`\" 语句是一个可选功能，可以通过 ``from __future__ " +"import with_statement`` 指令启用。 在 2.6 中，该语句不再需要特别启用；这意味着 :keyword:`!with` " +"现在总是一个关键字。 本节的其余部分是“Python 2.5 新特性”文档中相应部分的复制；如果您熟悉 Python 2.5 中的 " +"':keyword:`!with`' 语句，可以跳过本节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:257 +msgid "" +"The ':keyword:`with`' statement clarifies code that previously would use " +"``try...finally`` blocks to ensure that clean-up code is executed. In this " +"section, I'll discuss the statement as it will commonly be used. In the " +"next section, I'll examine the implementation details and show how to write " +"objects for use with this statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The ':keyword:`with`' statement is a control-flow structure whose basic " +"structure is::" +msgstr "The ':keyword:`with`' 语是一种基本结构如下所示的流程控制结构::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:266 +msgid "" +"with expression [as variable]:\n" +" with-block" +msgstr "" +"with expression [as variable]:\n" +" with-block" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The expression is evaluated, and it should result in an object that supports" +" the context management protocol (that is, has :meth:`~object.__enter__` and" +" :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods)." +msgstr "" +"表达式会被求值，并且其结果应为一个支持上下文协议的对象（即具有 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` 方法）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:273 +msgid "" +"The object's :meth:`~object.__enter__` is called before *with-block* is " +"executed and therefore can run set-up code. It also may return a value that " +"is bound to the name *variable*, if given. (Note carefully that *variable* " +"is *not* assigned the result of *expression*.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:278 +msgid "" +"After execution of the *with-block* is finished, the object's " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method is called, even if the block raised an " +"exception, and can therefore run clean-up code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:282 +msgid "" +"Some standard Python objects now support the context management protocol and" +" can be used with the ':keyword:`with`' statement. File objects are one " +"example::" +msgstr "一些标准 Python 对象现在已支持上下文管理协议并可被用于 ':keyword:`with`' 语句。 文件对象就是一个例子::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:285 +msgid "" +"with open('/etc/passwd', 'r') as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print line\n" +" ... more processing code ..." +msgstr "" +"with open('/etc/passwd', 'r') as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" print line\n" +" ... 更多处理代码 ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:290 +msgid "" +"After this statement has executed, the file object in *f* will have been " +"automatically closed, even if the :keyword:`for` loop raised an exception " +"part-way through the block." +msgstr "在此语句被执行之后，文件对象 *f* 将被自动关闭，即使是当 :keyword:`for` 循环在代码块中间引发了异常的时候也是如此。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:296 +msgid "" +"In this case, *f* is the same object created by :func:`open`, because " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` returns *self*." +msgstr "" +"在此情况下，*f* 就是由 :func:`open` 所创建的对象，因为 :meth:`~object.__enter__` 会返回 *self*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:299 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module's locks and condition variables also support " +"the ':keyword:`with`' statement::" +msgstr ":mod:`threading` 模块的加锁和条件变量也支持 ':keyword:`with`' 语句::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:302 +msgid "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with lock:\n" +" # Critical section of code\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with lock:\n" +" # 关键代码段\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:307 +msgid "" +"The lock is acquired before the block is executed and always released once " +"the block is complete." +msgstr "这个锁会在代码块被执行之前锁定并总是会在代码块完成之后释放。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:310 +msgid "" +"The :func:`localcontext` function in the :mod:`decimal` module makes it easy" +" to save and restore the current decimal context, which encapsulates the " +"desired precision and rounding characteristics for computations::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:314 +msgid "" +"from decimal import Decimal, Context, localcontext\n" +"\n" +"# Displays with default precision of 28 digits\n" +"v = Decimal('578')\n" +"print v.sqrt()\n" +"\n" +"with localcontext(Context(prec=16)):\n" +" # All code in this block uses a precision of 16 digits.\n" +" # The original context is restored on exiting the block.\n" +" print v.sqrt()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:329 +msgid "Writing Context Managers" +msgstr "编写上下文管理器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Under the hood, the ':keyword:`with`' statement is fairly complicated. Most " +"people will only use ':keyword:`!with`' in company with existing objects and" +" don't need to know these details, so you can skip the rest of this section " +"if you like. Authors of new objects will need to understand the details of " +"the underlying implementation and should keep reading." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:337 +msgid "A high-level explanation of the context management protocol is:" +msgstr "在更高层级上对于上下文管理器协议的解释:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:339 +msgid "" +"The expression is evaluated and should result in an object called a " +"\"context manager\". The context manager must have " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:343 +msgid "" +"The context manager's :meth:`~object.__enter__` method is called. The value" +" returned is assigned to *VAR*. If no ``as VAR`` clause is present, the " +"value is simply discarded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:347 +msgid "The code in *BLOCK* is executed." +msgstr "*BLOCK* 中的代码会被执行。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:349 +msgid "" +"If *BLOCK* raises an exception, the context manager's " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` method is called with three arguments, the " +"exception details (``type, value, traceback``, the same values returned by " +":func:`sys.exc_info`, which can also be ``None`` if no exception occurred)." +" The method's return value controls whether an exception is re-raised: any " +"false value re-raises the exception, and ``True`` will result in suppressing" +" it. You'll only rarely want to suppress the exception, because if you do " +"the author of the code containing the ':keyword:`with`' statement will never" +" realize anything went wrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:358 +msgid "" +"If *BLOCK* didn't raise an exception, the :meth:`~object.__exit__` method " +"is still called, but *type*, *value*, and *traceback* are all ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:361 +msgid "" +"Let's think through an example. I won't present detailed code but will only" +" sketch the methods necessary for a database that supports transactions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:364 +msgid "" +"(For people unfamiliar with database terminology: a set of changes to the " +"database are grouped into a transaction. Transactions can be either " +"committed, meaning that all the changes are written into the database, or " +"rolled back, meaning that the changes are all discarded and the database is " +"unchanged. See any database textbook for more information.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:370 +msgid "" +"Let's assume there's an object representing a database connection. Our goal " +"will be to let the user write code like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:373 +msgid "" +"db_connection = DatabaseConnection()\n" +"with db_connection as cursor:\n" +" cursor.execute('insert into ...')\n" +" cursor.execute('delete from ...')\n" +" # ... more operations ..." +msgstr "" +"db_connection = DatabaseConnection()\n" +"with db_connection as cursor:\n" +" cursor.execute('insert into ...')\n" +" cursor.execute('delete from ...')\n" +" # ... 更多操作 ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:379 +msgid "" +"The transaction should be committed if the code in the block runs flawlessly" +" or rolled back if there's an exception. Here's the basic interface for " +":class:`DatabaseConnection` that I'll assume::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:383 +msgid "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" # Database interface\n" +" def cursor(self):\n" +" \"Returns a cursor object and starts a new transaction\"\n" +" def commit(self):\n" +" \"Commits current transaction\"\n" +" def rollback(self):\n" +" \"Rolls back current transaction\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:392 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__enter__` method is pretty easy, having only to start a " +"new transaction. For this application the resulting cursor object would be " +"a useful result, so the method will return it. The user can then add ``as " +"cursor`` to their ':keyword:`with`' statement to bind the cursor to a " +"variable name. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:397 +msgid "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __enter__(self):\n" +" # Code to start a new transaction\n" +" cursor = self.cursor()\n" +" return cursor" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:404 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__exit__` method is the most complicated because it's " +"where most of the work has to be done. The method has to check if an " +"exception occurred. If there was no exception, the transaction is " +"committed. The transaction is rolled back if there was an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:409 +msgid "" +"In the code below, execution will just fall off the end of the function, " +"returning the default value of ``None``. ``None`` is false, so the " +"exception will be re-raised automatically. If you wished, you could be more" +" explicit and add a :keyword:`return` statement at the marked location. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:414 +msgid "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):\n" +" if tb is None:\n" +" # No exception, so commit\n" +" self.commit()\n" +" else:\n" +" # Exception occurred, so rollback.\n" +" self.rollback()\n" +" # return False" +msgstr "" +"class DatabaseConnection:\n" +" ...\n" +" def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):\n" +" if tb is None:\n" +" # 没有异常，因此提交\n" +" self.commit()\n" +" else:\n" +" # 发生异常，因此回滚。\n" +" self.rollback()\n" +" # 返回 False" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:429 +msgid "The contextlib module" +msgstr "contextlib 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:431 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`contextlib` module provides some functions and a decorator that " +"are useful when writing objects for use with the ':keyword:`with`' " +"statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:434 +msgid "" +"The decorator is called :func:`contextmanager`, and lets you write a single " +"generator function instead of defining a new class. The generator should " +"yield exactly one value. The code up to the :keyword:`yield` will be " +"executed as the :meth:`~object.__enter__` method, and the value yielded will" +" be the method's return value that will get bound to the variable in the " +"':keyword:`with`' statement's :keyword:`!as` clause, if any. The code after" +" the :keyword:`!yield` will be executed in the :meth:`~object.__exit__` " +"method. Any exception raised in the block will be raised by the " +":keyword:`!yield` statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:443 +msgid "" +"Using this decorator, our database example from the previous section could " +"be written as::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:446 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def db_transaction(connection):\n" +" cursor = connection.cursor()\n" +" try:\n" +" yield cursor\n" +" except:\n" +" connection.rollback()\n" +" raise\n" +" else:\n" +" connection.commit()\n" +"\n" +"db = DatabaseConnection()\n" +"with db_transaction(db) as cursor:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:463 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`contextlib` module also has a ``nested(mgr1, mgr2, ...)`` function" +" that combines a number of context managers so you don't need to write " +"nested ':keyword:`with`' statements. In this example, the single " +"':keyword:`!with`' statement both starts a database transaction and acquires" +" a thread lock::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:468 +msgid "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with nested (db_transaction(db), lock) as (cursor, locked):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"lock = threading.Lock()\n" +"with nested (db_transaction(db), lock) as (cursor, locked):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:472 +msgid "" +"Finally, the :func:`closing` function returns its argument so that it can be" +" bound to a variable, and calls the argument's ``.close()`` method at the " +"end of the block. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:476 +msgid "" +"import urllib, sys\n" +"from contextlib import closing\n" +"\n" +"with closing(urllib.urlopen('http://www.yahoo.com')) as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" sys.stdout.write(line)" +msgstr "" +"import urllib, sys\n" +"from contextlib import closing\n" +"\n" +"with closing(urllib.urlopen('http://www.yahoo.com')) as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" sys.stdout.write(line)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:486 +msgid ":pep:`343` - The \"with\" statement" +msgstr ":pep:`343` - \"with\" 语句" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:487 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum and Nick Coghlan; implemented by Mike Bland," +" Guido van Rossum, and Neal Norwitz. The PEP shows the code generated for a" +" ':keyword:`with`' statement, which can be helpful in learning how the " +"statement works." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:492 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`contextlib` module." +msgstr ":mod:`contextlib` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:499 +msgid "PEP 366: Explicit Relative Imports From a Main Module" +msgstr "PEP 366: 从主模块显式相对导入" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:501 +msgid "" +"Python's :option:`-m` switch allows running a module as a script. When you " +"ran a module that was located inside a package, relative imports didn't work" +" correctly." +msgstr "Python 的 :option:`-m` 开关允许将一个模块作为脚本来运行。 当你运行一个位于某个包内的模块时，相对导入将无法正确运作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:505 +msgid "" +"The fix for Python 2.6 adds a :attr:`module.__package__` attribute. When " +"this attribute is present, relative imports will be relative to the value of" +" this attribute instead of the :attr:`~module.__name__` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:510 +msgid "" +"PEP 302-style importers can then set :attr:`~module.__package__` as " +"necessary. The :mod:`runpy` module that implements the :option:`-m` switch " +"now does this, so relative imports will now work correctly in scripts " +"running from inside a package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:520 +msgid "PEP 370: Per-user ``site-packages`` Directory" +msgstr "PEP 370: 分用户的 site-packages 目录" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:522 +msgid "" +"When you run Python, the module search path ``sys.path`` usually includes a " +"directory whose path ends in ``\"site-packages\"``. This directory is " +"intended to hold locally installed packages available to all users using a " +"machine or a particular site installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:527 +msgid "" +"Python 2.6 introduces a convention for user-specific site directories. The " +"directory varies depending on the platform:" +msgstr "Python 2.6 引入了一个用于用户专属站点目录的惯例。 该目录根据具体系统平台各不相同:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:530 +msgid "Unix and Mac OS X: :file:`~/.local/`" +msgstr "Unix 和 Mac OS X: :file:`~/.local/`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:531 +msgid "Windows: :file:`%APPDATA%/Python`" +msgstr "Windows: :file:`%APPDATA%/Python`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:533 +msgid "" +"Within this directory, there will be version-specific subdirectories, such " +"as :file:`lib/python2.6/site-packages` on Unix/Mac OS and " +":file:`Python26/site-packages` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:537 +msgid "" +"If you don't like the default directory, it can be overridden by an " +"environment variable. :envvar:`PYTHONUSERBASE` sets the root directory used" +" for all Python versions supporting this feature. On Windows, the directory" +" for application-specific data can be changed by setting the " +":envvar:`APPDATA` environment variable. You can also modify the " +":file:`site.py` file for your Python installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:544 +msgid "" +"The feature can be disabled entirely by running Python with the :option:`-s`" +" option or setting the :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` environment variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:550 +msgid ":pep:`370` - Per-user ``site-packages`` Directory" +msgstr ":pep:`370` - 分用户的 site-packages 目录" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:551 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Christian Heimes." +msgstr "PEP 由 Christian Heimes 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:559 +msgid "PEP 371: The ``multiprocessing`` Package" +msgstr "PEP 371: 多任务处理包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:561 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`multiprocessing` package lets Python programs create new " +"processes that will perform a computation and return a result to the parent." +" The parent and child processes can communicate using queues and pipes, " +"synchronize their operations using locks and semaphores, and can share " +"simple arrays of data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:567 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`multiprocessing` module started out as an exact emulation of the " +":mod:`threading` module using processes instead of threads. That goal was " +"discarded along the path to Python 2.6, but the general approach of the " +"module is still similar. The fundamental class is the :class:`Process`, " +"which is passed a callable object and a collection of arguments. The " +":meth:`start` method sets the callable running in a subprocess, after which " +"you can call the :meth:`is_alive` method to check whether the subprocess is " +"still running and the :meth:`join` method to wait for the process to exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:577 +msgid "" +"Here's a simple example where the subprocess will calculate a factorial. " +"The function doing the calculation is written strangely so that it takes " +"significantly longer when the input argument is a multiple of 4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:584 +msgid "" +"import time\n" +"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"def factorial(queue, N):\n" +" \"Compute a factorial.\"\n" +" # If N is a multiple of 4, this function will take much longer.\n" +" if (N % 4) == 0:\n" +" time.sleep(.05 * N/4)\n" +"\n" +" # Calculate the result\n" +" fact = 1L\n" +" for i in range(1, N+1):\n" +" fact = fact * i\n" +"\n" +" # Put the result on the queue\n" +" queue.put(fact)\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" queue = Queue()\n" +"\n" +" N = 5\n" +"\n" +" p = Process(target=factorial, args=(queue, N))\n" +" p.start()\n" +" p.join()\n" +"\n" +" result = queue.get()\n" +" print 'Factorial', N, '=', result" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:614 +msgid "" +"A :class:`~queue.Queue` is used to communicate the result of the factorial. " +"The :class:`~queue.Queue` object is stored in a global variable. The child " +"process will use the value of the variable when the child was created; " +"because it's a :class:`~queue.Queue`, parent and child can use the object to" +" communicate. (If the parent were to change the value of the global " +"variable, the child's value would be unaffected, and vice versa.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:622 +msgid "" +"Two other classes, :class:`Pool` and :class:`Manager`, provide higher-level " +"interfaces. :class:`Pool` will create a fixed number of worker processes, " +"and requests can then be distributed to the workers by calling :meth:`apply`" +" or :meth:`apply_async` to add a single request, and :meth:`map` or " +":meth:`map_async` to add a number of requests. The following code uses a " +":class:`Pool` to spread requests across 5 worker processes and retrieve a " +"list of results::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:630 +msgid "" +"from multiprocessing import Pool\n" +"\n" +"def factorial(N, dictionary):\n" +" \"Compute a factorial.\"\n" +" ...\n" +"p = Pool(5)\n" +"result = p.map(factorial, range(1, 1000, 10))\n" +"for v in result:\n" +" print v" +msgstr "" +"from multiprocessing import Pool\n" +"\n" +"def factorial(N, dictionary):\n" +" \"Compute a factorial.\"\n" +" ...\n" +"p = Pool(5)\n" +"result = p.map(factorial, range(1, 1000, 10))\n" +"for v in result:\n" +" print v" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:640 +msgid "This produces the following output::" +msgstr "这会产生以下输出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:642 +msgid "" +"1\n" +"39916800\n" +"51090942171709440000\n" +"8222838654177922817725562880000000\n" +"33452526613163807108170062053440751665152000000000\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +"1\n" +"39916800\n" +"51090942171709440000\n" +"8222838654177922817725562880000000\n" +"33452526613163807108170062053440751665152000000000\n" +"..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:649 +msgid "" +"The other high-level interface, the :class:`Manager` class, creates a " +"separate server process that can hold master copies of Python data " +"structures. Other processes can then access and modify these data " +"structures using proxy objects. The following example creates a shared " +"dictionary by calling the :meth:`dict` method; the worker processes then " +"insert values into the dictionary. (Locking is not done for you " +"automatically, which doesn't matter in this example. :class:`Manager`'s " +"methods also include :meth:`Lock`, :meth:`RLock`, and :meth:`Semaphore` to " +"create shared locks.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:661 +msgid "" +"import time\n" +"from multiprocessing import Pool, Manager\n" +"\n" +"def factorial(N, dictionary):\n" +" \"Compute a factorial.\"\n" +" # Calculate the result\n" +" fact = 1L\n" +" for i in range(1, N+1):\n" +" fact = fact * i\n" +"\n" +" # Store result in dictionary\n" +" dictionary[N] = fact\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == '__main__':\n" +" p = Pool(5)\n" +" mgr = Manager()\n" +" d = mgr.dict() # Create shared dictionary\n" +"\n" +" # Run tasks using the pool\n" +" for N in range(1, 1000, 10):\n" +" p.apply_async(factorial, (N, d))\n" +"\n" +" # Mark pool as closed -- no more tasks can be added.\n" +" p.close()\n" +"\n" +" # Wait for tasks to exit\n" +" p.join()\n" +"\n" +" # Output results\n" +" for k, v in sorted(d.items()):\n" +" print k, v" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:693 +msgid "This will produce the output::" +msgstr "这将产生如下输出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:695 +msgid "" +"1 1\n" +"11 39916800\n" +"21 51090942171709440000\n" +"31 8222838654177922817725562880000000\n" +"41 33452526613163807108170062053440751665152000000000\n" +"51 15511187532873822802242430164693032110632597200169861120000..." +msgstr "" +"1 1\n" +"11 39916800\n" +"21 51090942171709440000\n" +"31 8222838654177922817725562880000000\n" +"41 33452526613163807108170062053440751665152000000000\n" +"51 15511187532873822802242430164693032110632597200169861120000..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:704 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`multiprocessing` module." +msgstr ":mod:`multiprocessing` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:706 +msgid ":pep:`371` - Addition of the multiprocessing package" +msgstr ":pep:`371` - 添加多任务处理包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:707 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Jesse Noller and Richard Oudkerk; implemented by Richard " +"Oudkerk and Jesse Noller." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Jesse Noller 和 Richard Oudkerk 撰写，由 Richard Oudkerk 和 Jesse Noller 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:716 +msgid "PEP 3101: Advanced String Formatting" +msgstr "PEP 3101: 高级字符串格式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:718 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.0, the ``%`` operator is supplemented by a more powerful string " +"formatting method, :meth:`format`. Support for the :meth:`str.format` " +"method has been backported to Python 2.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:722 +msgid "" +"In 2.6, both 8-bit and Unicode strings have a ``.format()`` method that " +"treats the string as a template and takes the arguments to be formatted. The" +" formatting template uses curly brackets (``{``, ``}``) as special " +"characters::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:726 +msgid "" +">>> # Substitute positional argument 0 into the string.\n" +">>> \"User ID: {0}\".format(\"root\")\n" +"'User ID: root'\n" +">>> # Use the named keyword arguments\n" +">>> \"User ID: {uid} Last seen: {last_login}\".format(\n" +"... uid=\"root\",\n" +"... last_login = \"5 Mar 2008 07:20\")\n" +"'User ID: root Last seen: 5 Mar 2008 07:20'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:735 +msgid "Curly brackets can be escaped by doubling them::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:737 +msgid "" +">>> \"Empty dict: {{}}\".format()\n" +"\"Empty dict: {}\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:740 +msgid "" +"Field names can be integers indicating positional arguments, such as " +"``{0}``, ``{1}``, etc. or names of keyword arguments. You can also supply " +"compound field names that read attributes or access dictionary keys::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:744 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> print 'Platform: {0.platform}\\nPython version: {0.version}'.format(sys)\n" +"Platform: darwin\n" +"Python version: 2.6a1+ (trunk:61261M, Mar 5 2008, 20:29:41)\n" +"[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5367)]'\n" +"\n" +">>> import mimetypes\n" +">>> 'Content-type: {0[.mp4]}'.format(mimetypes.types_map)\n" +"'Content-type: video/mp4'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:754 +msgid "" +"Note that when using dictionary-style notation such as ``[.mp4]``, you don't" +" need to put any quotation marks around the string; it will look up the " +"value using ``.mp4`` as the key. Strings beginning with a number will be " +"converted to an integer. You can't write more complicated expressions " +"inside a format string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:760 +msgid "" +"So far we've shown how to specify which field to substitute into the " +"resulting string. The precise formatting used is also controllable by " +"adding a colon followed by a format specifier. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:764 +msgid "" +">>> # Field 0: left justify, pad to 15 characters\n" +">>> # Field 1: right justify, pad to 6 characters\n" +">>> fmt = '{0:15} ${1:>6}'\n" +">>> fmt.format('Registration', 35)\n" +"'Registration $ 35'\n" +">>> fmt.format('Tutorial', 50)\n" +"'Tutorial $ 50'\n" +">>> fmt.format('Banquet', 125)\n" +"'Banquet $ 125'" +msgstr "" +">>> # 字段 0：左对齐，填充至 15 个字符\n" +">>> # 字段 1：右对齐，填充至 6 个字符\n" +">>> fmt = '{0:15} ${1:>6}'\n" +">>> fmt.format('Registration', 35)\n" +"'Registration $ 35'\n" +">>> fmt.format('Tutorial', 50)\n" +"'Tutorial $ 50'\n" +">>> fmt.format('Banquet', 125)\n" +"'Banquet $ 125'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:774 +msgid "Format specifiers can reference other fields through nesting::" +msgstr "格式说明符可以通过嵌套来引用其他字段::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:776 +msgid "" +">>> fmt = '{0:{1}}'\n" +">>> width = 15\n" +">>> fmt.format('Invoice #1234', width)\n" +"'Invoice #1234 '\n" +">>> width = 35\n" +">>> fmt.format('Invoice #1234', width)\n" +"'Invoice #1234 '" +msgstr "" +">>> fmt = '{0:{1}}'\n" +">>> width = 15\n" +">>> fmt.format('Invoice #1234', width)\n" +"'Invoice #1234 '\n" +">>> width = 35\n" +">>> fmt.format('Invoice #1234', width)\n" +"'Invoice #1234 '" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:784 +msgid "The alignment of a field within the desired width can be specified:" +msgstr "可以指定所需宽度内的字段对齐方式：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:787 +msgid "Character" +msgstr "字符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:787 +msgid "Effect" +msgstr "效果" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:789 +msgid "< (default)" +msgstr "< (默认)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:789 +msgid "Left-align" +msgstr "左对齐" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:790 +msgid ">" +msgstr ">" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:790 +msgid "Right-align" +msgstr "右对齐" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:791 +msgid "^" +msgstr "^" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:791 +msgid "Center" +msgstr "居中对齐" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:792 +msgid "=" +msgstr "=" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:792 +msgid "(For numeric types only) Pad after the sign." +msgstr "（仅适用于数字类型）在符号后加空格。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:795 +msgid "" +"Format specifiers can also include a presentation type, which controls how " +"the value is formatted. For example, floating-point numbers can be " +"formatted as a general number or in exponential notation::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:799 +msgid "" +">>> '{0:g}'.format(3.75)\n" +"'3.75'\n" +">>> '{0:e}'.format(3.75)\n" +"'3.750000e+00'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:804 +msgid "" +"A variety of presentation types are available. Consult the 2.6 " +"documentation for a :ref:`complete list `; here's a sample:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:808 +msgid "``b``" +msgstr "``b``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:808 +msgid "Binary. Outputs the number in base 2." +msgstr "二进制。输出以2为底的数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:809 +msgid "``c``" +msgstr "``c``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Character. Converts the integer to the corresponding Unicode character " +"before printing." +msgstr "字符。在打印之前将整数转换为相应的Unicode字符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:811 +msgid "``d``" +msgstr "``d``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:811 +msgid "Decimal Integer. Outputs the number in base 10." +msgstr "十进制整数。 输出以 10 为基数的数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:812 +msgid "``o``" +msgstr "``o``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:812 +msgid "Octal format. Outputs the number in base 8." +msgstr "八进制格式。 输出以 8 为基数的数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:813 +msgid "``x``" +msgstr "``x``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:813 +msgid "" +"Hex format. Outputs the number in base 16, using lower-case letters for the " +"digits above 9." +msgstr "十六进制格式。 输出以 16 为基数的数字，使用小写字母表示 9 以上的数码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:815 +msgid "``e``" +msgstr "``e``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:815 +msgid "" +"Exponent notation. Prints the number in scientific notation using the letter" +" 'e' to indicate the exponent." +msgstr "指数表示法。用字母 'e' 以科学计数法打印数字以表示指数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:817 +msgid "``g``" +msgstr "``g``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:817 +msgid "" +"General format. This prints the number as a fixed-point number, unless the " +"number is too large, in which case it switches to 'e' exponent notation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:820 +msgid "``n``" +msgstr "``n``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:820 +msgid "" +"Number. This is the same as 'g' (for floats) or 'd' (for integers), except " +"that it uses the current locale setting to insert the appropriate number " +"separator characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:823 +msgid "``%``" +msgstr "``%``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:823 +msgid "" +"Percentage. Multiplies the number by 100 and displays in fixed ('f') format," +" followed by a percent sign." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:827 +msgid "" +"Classes and types can define a :meth:`__format__` method to control how " +"they're formatted. It receives a single argument, the format specifier::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:830 +msgid "" +"def __format__(self, format_spec):\n" +" if isinstance(format_spec, unicode):\n" +" return unicode(str(self))\n" +" else:\n" +" return str(self)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:836 +msgid "" +"There's also a :func:`format` builtin that will format a single value. It " +"calls the type's :meth:`__format__` method with the provided specifier::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:840 +msgid "" +">>> format(75.6564, '.2f')\n" +"'75.66'" +msgstr "" +">>> format(75.6564, '.2f')\n" +"'75.66'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:846 +msgid ":ref:`formatstrings`" +msgstr ":ref:`formatstrings`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:847 +msgid "The reference documentation for format fields." +msgstr "格式字段的参考文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:849 +msgid ":pep:`3101` - Advanced String Formatting" +msgstr ":pep:`3101` - 高级字符串格式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:850 +msgid "PEP written by Talin. Implemented by Eric Smith." +msgstr "PEP 由 Eric V. Smith 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:857 +msgid "PEP 3105: ``print`` As a Function" +msgstr "PEP 3105: ``print`` 改为函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:859 +msgid "" +"The ``print`` statement becomes the :func:`print` function in Python 3.0. " +"Making :func:`print` a function makes it possible to replace the function by" +" doing ``def print(...)`` or importing a new function from somewhere else." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.0 中 ``print`` 语句变成了 :func:`print` 函数。 将 :func:`print` 变成函数使得可以通过 " +"``def print(...)`` 或从其他地方导入一个新函数来替换该函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:863 +msgid "" +"Python 2.6 has a ``__future__`` import that removes ``print`` as language " +"syntax, letting you use the functional form instead. For example::" +msgstr "Python 2.6 提供了 ``__future__`` 导入语句来移除 ``print`` 语法，让你可以改用函数形式。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:866 +msgid "" +">>> from __future__ import print_function\n" +">>> print('# of entries', len(dictionary), file=sys.stderr)" +msgstr "" +">>> from __future__ import print_function\n" +">>> print('# of entries', len(dictionary), file=sys.stderr)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:869 +msgid "The signature of the new function is::" +msgstr "新函数的签名为::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:871 +msgid "def print(*args, sep=' ', end='\\n', file=None)" +msgstr "def print(*args, sep=' ', end='\\n', file=None)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:874 +msgid "The parameters are:" +msgstr "形参包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:876 +msgid "*args*: positional arguments whose values will be printed out." +msgstr "*args*: 相应值将会被打印的位置参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:877 +msgid "*sep*: the separator, which will be printed between arguments." +msgstr "*sep*: 分隔符，它将在参数之间被打印。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:878 +msgid "" +"*end*: the ending text, which will be printed after all of the arguments " +"have been output." +msgstr "*end*: 结束文本，它将在所有参数输出完毕之后被打印。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:880 +msgid "*file*: the file object to which the output will be sent." +msgstr "*file*: 将被作为输出发送目标的文件对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:884 +msgid ":pep:`3105` - Make print a function" +msgstr ":pep:`3105` - print 改为函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:885 +msgid "PEP written by Georg Brandl." +msgstr "PEP 由 Georg Brandl 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:892 +msgid "PEP 3110: Exception-Handling Changes" +msgstr "PEP 3110: 异常处理的变更" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:894 +msgid "" +"One error that Python programmers occasionally make is writing the following" +" code::" +msgstr "Python 程序员偶尔会犯的一个错误是编写这样的代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:897 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +"except TypeError, ValueError: # Wrong!\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +"except TypeError, ValueError: # 错误！\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:902 +msgid "" +"The author is probably trying to catch both :exc:`TypeError` and " +":exc:`ValueError` exceptions, but this code actually does something " +"different: it will catch :exc:`TypeError` and bind the resulting exception " +"object to the local name ``\"ValueError\"``. The :exc:`ValueError` " +"exception will not be caught at all. The correct code specifies a tuple of " +"exceptions::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:909 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +"except (TypeError, ValueError):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:914 +msgid "" +"This error happens because the use of the comma here is ambiguous: does it " +"indicate two different nodes in the parse tree, or a single node that's a " +"tuple?" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:918 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 makes this unambiguous by replacing the comma with the word " +"\"as\". To catch an exception and store the exception object in the " +"variable ``exc``, you must write::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:922 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" ...\n" +"except TypeError as exc:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:927 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 will only support the use of \"as\", and therefore interprets the" +" first example as catching two different exceptions. Python 2.6 supports " +"both the comma and \"as\", so existing code will continue to work. We " +"therefore suggest using \"as\" when writing new Python code that will only " +"be executed with 2.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:935 +msgid ":pep:`3110` - Catching Exceptions in Python 3000" +msgstr ":pep:`3110` - 在 Python 3000 中捕获异常" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:936 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Collin Winter." +msgstr "PEP 由 Collin Winter 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:943 +msgid "PEP 3112: Byte Literals" +msgstr "PEP 3112: 字节字面值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:945 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 adopts Unicode as the language's fundamental string type and " +"denotes 8-bit literals differently, either as ``b'string'`` or using a " +":class:`bytes` constructor. For future compatibility, Python 2.6 adds " +":class:`bytes` as a synonym for the :class:`str` type, and it also supports " +"the ``b''`` notation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:952 +msgid "" +"The 2.6 :class:`str` differs from 3.0's :class:`bytes` type in various ways;" +" most notably, the constructor is completely different. In 3.0, " +"``bytes([65, 66, 67])`` is 3 elements long, containing the bytes " +"representing ``ABC``; in 2.6, ``bytes([65, 66, 67])`` returns the 12-byte " +"string representing the :func:`str` of the list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:958 +msgid "" +"The primary use of :class:`bytes` in 2.6 will be to write tests of object " +"type such as ``isinstance(x, bytes)``. This will help the 2to3 converter, " +"which can't tell whether 2.x code intends strings to contain either " +"characters or 8-bit bytes; you can now use either :class:`bytes` or " +":class:`str` to represent your intention exactly, and the resulting code " +"will also be correct in Python 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:965 +msgid "" +"There's also a ``__future__`` import that causes all string literals to " +"become Unicode strings. This means that ``\\u`` escape sequences can be " +"used to include Unicode characters::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:970 +msgid "" +"from __future__ import unicode_literals\n" +"\n" +"s = ('\\u751f\\u3080\\u304e\\u3000\\u751f\\u3054'\n" +" '\\u3081\\u3000\\u751f\\u305f\\u307e\\u3054')\n" +"\n" +"print len(s) # 12 Unicode characters" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:977 +msgid "" +"At the C level, Python 3.0 will rename the existing 8-bit string type, " +"called :c:type:`!PyStringObject` in Python 2.x, to :c:type:`PyBytesObject`." +" Python 2.6 uses ``#define`` to support using the names " +":c:func:`PyBytesObject`, :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, " +":c:func:`PyBytes_FromStringAndSize`, and all the other functions and macros " +"used with strings." +msgstr "" +"在 C 层级上，Python 3.0 将重命名现有的 8 位字符串类型，从 Python 2.x 中的 " +":c:type:`!PyStringObject` 改为 :c:type:`PyBytesObject`。 Python 2.6 使用 " +"``#define`` 来支持使用 :c:func:`PyBytesObject`, :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, " +":c:func:`PyBytes_FromStringAndSize` 等名称，以及所有用于字符串的其他函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:984 +msgid "" +"Instances of the :class:`bytes` type are immutable just as strings are. A " +"new :class:`bytearray` type stores a mutable sequence of bytes::" +msgstr "" +":class:`bytes` 类型的实例与字符串一样属于不可变对象。 新增的 :class:`bytearray` 类型则用于存储可变的字节序列::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:988 +msgid "" +">>> bytearray([65, 66, 67])\n" +"bytearray(b'ABC')\n" +">>> b = bytearray(u'\\u21ef\\u3244', 'utf-8')\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'\\xe2\\x87\\xaf\\xe3\\x89\\x84')\n" +">>> b[0] = '\\xe3'\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'\\xe3\\x87\\xaf\\xe3\\x89\\x84')\n" +">>> unicode(str(b), 'utf-8')\n" +"u'\\u31ef \\u3244'" +msgstr "" +">>> bytearray([65, 66, 67])\n" +"bytearray(b'ABC')\n" +">>> b = bytearray(u'\\u21ef\\u3244', 'utf-8')\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'\\xe2\\x87\\xaf\\xe3\\x89\\x84')\n" +">>> b[0] = '\\xe3'\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'\\xe3\\x87\\xaf\\xe3\\x89\\x84')\n" +">>> unicode(str(b), 'utf-8')\n" +"u'\\u31ef \\u3244'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:999 +msgid "" +"Byte arrays support most of the methods of string types, such as " +":meth:`startswith`/:meth:`endswith`, :meth:`find`/:meth:`rfind`, and some of" +" the methods of lists, such as :meth:`append`, :meth:`pop`, and " +":meth:`reverse`." +msgstr "" +"字节数组支持大部分的字符串类型方法，如 :meth:`startswith`/:meth:`endswith`, " +":meth:`find`/:meth:`rfind`，以及列表的某些方法，如 :meth:`append`, :meth:`pop` 和 " +":meth:`reverse`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1006 +msgid "" +">>> b = bytearray('ABC')\n" +">>> b.append('d')\n" +">>> b.append(ord('e'))\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'ABCde')" +msgstr "" +">>> b = bytearray('ABC')\n" +">>> b.append('d')\n" +">>> b.append(ord('e'))\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'ABCde')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"There's also a corresponding C API, with :c:func:`PyByteArray_FromObject`, " +":c:func:`PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize`, and various other functions." +msgstr "" +"也有一个相应的 C API，包含 :c:func:`PyByteArray_FromObject`, " +":c:func:`PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize` 以及各种其他函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1019 +msgid ":pep:`3112` - Bytes literals in Python 3000" +msgstr ":pep:`3112` - Python 3000 中的字节字面值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1020 +msgid "PEP written by Jason Orendorff; backported to 2.6 by Christian Heimes." +msgstr "PEP 由 Jason Orendorff 撰写， 补丁2.6 由 Christian Heimes 撰写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1027 +msgid "PEP 3116: New I/O Library" +msgstr "PEP 3116: 新 I/O 库" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"Python's built-in file objects support a number of methods, but file-like " +"objects don't necessarily support all of them. Objects that imitate files " +"usually support :meth:`read` and :meth:`write`, but they may not support " +":meth:`readline`, for example. Python 3.0 introduces a layered I/O library " +"in the :mod:`io` module that separates buffering and text-handling features " +"from the fundamental read and write operations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"There are three levels of abstract base classes provided by the :mod:`io` " +"module:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1040 +msgid "" +":class:`RawIOBase` defines raw I/O operations: :meth:`read`, " +":meth:`readinto`, :meth:`write`, :meth:`seek`, :meth:`tell`, " +":meth:`truncate`, and :meth:`close`. Most of the methods of this class will " +"often map to a single system call. There are also :meth:`readable`, " +":meth:`writable`, and :meth:`seekable` methods for determining what " +"operations a given object will allow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 has concrete implementations of this class for files and sockets," +" but Python 2.6 hasn't restructured its file and socket objects in this way." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1052 +msgid "" +":class:`BufferedIOBase` is an abstract base class that buffers data in " +"memory to reduce the number of system calls used, making I/O processing more" +" efficient. It supports all of the methods of :class:`RawIOBase`, and adds a" +" :attr:`raw` attribute holding the underlying raw object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1058 +msgid "" +"There are five concrete classes implementing this ABC. " +":class:`BufferedWriter` and :class:`BufferedReader` are for objects that " +"support write-only or read-only usage that have a :meth:`seek` method for " +"random access. :class:`BufferedRandom` objects support read and write " +"access upon the same underlying stream, and :class:`BufferedRWPair` is for " +"objects such as TTYs that have both read and write operations acting upon " +"unconnected streams of data. The :class:`BytesIO` class supports reading, " +"writing, and seeking over an in-memory buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1071 +msgid "" +":class:`TextIOBase`: Provides functions for reading and writing strings " +"(remember, strings will be Unicode in Python 3.0), and supporting " +":term:`universal newlines`. :class:`TextIOBase` defines the " +":meth:`readline` method and supports iteration upon objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"There are two concrete implementations. :class:`TextIOWrapper` wraps a " +"buffered I/O object, supporting all of the methods for text I/O and adding a" +" :attr:`buffer` attribute for access to the underlying object. " +":class:`StringIO` simply buffers everything in memory without ever writing " +"anything to disk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"(In Python 2.6, :class:`io.StringIO` is implemented in pure Python, so it's " +"pretty slow. You should therefore stick with the existing :mod:`!StringIO`" +" module or :mod:`!cStringIO` for now. At some point Python 3.0's :mod:`io` " +"module will be rewritten into C for speed, and perhaps the C implementation " +"will be backported to the 2.x releases.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"In Python 2.6, the underlying implementations haven't been restructured to " +"build on top of the :mod:`io` module's classes. The module is being " +"provided to make it easier to write code that's forward-compatible with 3.0," +" and to save developers the effort of writing their own implementations of " +"buffering and text I/O." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1097 +msgid ":pep:`3116` - New I/O" +msgstr ":pep:`3116` - 新 I/O" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Daniel Stutzbach, Mike Verdone, and Guido van Rossum. Code by" +" Guido van Rossum, Georg Brandl, Walter Doerwald, Jeremy Hylton, Martin von " +"Löwis, Tony Lownds, and others." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1107 +msgid "PEP 3118: Revised Buffer Protocol" +msgstr "PEP 3118: 修改缓冲区协议" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"The buffer protocol is a C-level API that lets Python types exchange " +"pointers into their internal representations. A memory-mapped file can be " +"viewed as a buffer of characters, for example, and this lets another module " +"such as :mod:`re` treat memory-mapped files as a string of characters to be " +"searched." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"The primary users of the buffer protocol are numeric-processing packages " +"such as NumPy, which expose the internal representation of arrays so that " +"callers can write data directly into an array instead of going through a " +"slower API. This PEP updates the buffer protocol in light of experience " +"from NumPy development, adding a number of new features such as indicating " +"the shape of an array or locking a memory region." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"The most important new C API function is ``PyObject_GetBuffer(PyObject *obj," +" Py_buffer *view, int flags)``, which takes an object and a set of flags, " +"and fills in the ``Py_buffer`` structure with information about the object's" +" memory representation. Objects can use this operation to lock memory in " +"place while an external caller could be modifying the contents, so there's a" +" corresponding ``PyBuffer_Release(Py_buffer *view)`` to indicate that the " +"external caller is done." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"The *flags* argument to :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` specifies constraints " +"upon the memory returned. Some examples are:" +msgstr " :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 的 *flags* 参数指明了对所返回内存的约束。 示例如下:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1135 +msgid ":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` indicates that the memory must be writable." +msgstr ":c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` 指明内存必须是可写的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1137 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyBUF_LOCK` requests a read-only or exclusive lock on the memory." +msgstr ":c:macro:`PyBUF_LOCK` 请求一个内存上的只读或独占锁。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1139 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS` and :c:macro:`PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS` requests a " +"C-contiguous (last dimension varies the fastest) or Fortran-contiguous " +"(first dimension varies the fastest) array layout." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS` 和 :c:macro:`PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS` 需要 C " +"连续（最后一个维度变动最快）或 Fortran 连续（第一个维度变动最快）的数组布局。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1143 +msgid "" +"Two new argument codes for :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, ``s*`` and ``z*``, " +"return locked buffer objects for a parameter." +msgstr "" +"两个用于 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 的新参数代码 ``s*`` 和 ``z*``，将为形参返回锁定的缓冲区对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1148 +msgid ":pep:`3118` - Revising the buffer protocol" +msgstr ":pep:`3118` - 修改缓冲区协议" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1149 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Travis Oliphant and Carl Banks; implemented by Travis " +"Oliphant." +msgstr "PEP 由 Travis Oliphant 和 Carl Banks 撰写，由 Travis Oliphant 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1158 +msgid "PEP 3119: Abstract Base Classes" +msgstr "PEP 3119: 抽象基类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1160 +msgid "" +"Some object-oriented languages such as Java support interfaces, declaring " +"that a class has a given set of methods or supports a given access protocol." +" Abstract Base Classes (or ABCs) are an equivalent feature for Python. The " +"ABC support consists of an :mod:`abc` module containing a metaclass called " +":class:`ABCMeta`, special handling of this metaclass by the " +":func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` builtins, and a collection of " +"basic ABCs that the Python developers think will be widely useful. Future " +"versions of Python will probably add more ABCs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"Let's say you have a particular class and wish to know whether it supports " +"dictionary-style access. The phrase \"dictionary-style\" is vague, however." +" It probably means that accessing items with ``obj[1]`` works. Does it imply" +" that setting items with ``obj[2] = value`` works? Or that the object will " +"have :meth:`keys`, :meth:`values`, and :meth:`items` methods? What about " +"the iterative variants such as :meth:`iterkeys`? :meth:`copy` and " +":meth:`update`? Iterating over the object with :func:`iter`?" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"The Python 2.6 :mod:`collections` module includes a number of different ABCs" +" that represent these distinctions. :class:`Iterable` indicates that a " +"class defines :meth:`__iter__`, and :class:`Container` means the class " +"defines a :meth:`__contains__` method and therefore supports ``x in y`` " +"expressions. The basic dictionary interface of getting items, setting " +"items, and :meth:`keys`, :meth:`values`, and :meth:`items`, is defined by " +"the :class:`MutableMapping` ABC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1187 +msgid "" +"You can derive your own classes from a particular ABC to indicate they " +"support that ABC's interface::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"import collections\n" +"\n" +"class Storage(collections.MutableMapping):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, you could write the class without deriving from the desired " +"ABC and instead register the class by calling the ABC's :meth:`register` " +"method::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1200 +msgid "" +"import collections\n" +"\n" +"class Storage:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"collections.MutableMapping.register(Storage)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1207 +msgid "" +"For classes that you write, deriving from the ABC is probably clearer. The " +":meth:`register` method is useful when you've written a new ABC that can " +"describe an existing type or class, or if you want to declare that some " +"third-party class implements an ABC. For example, if you defined a " +":class:`PrintableType` ABC, it's legal to do::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1214 +msgid "" +"# Register Python's types\n" +"PrintableType.register(int)\n" +"PrintableType.register(float)\n" +"PrintableType.register(str)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"Classes should obey the semantics specified by an ABC, but Python can't " +"check this; it's up to the class author to understand the ABC's requirements" +" and to implement the code accordingly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"To check whether an object supports a particular interface, you can now " +"write::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"def func(d):\n" +" if not isinstance(d, collections.MutableMapping):\n" +" raise ValueError(\"Mapping object expected, not %r\" % d)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1230 +msgid "" +"Don't feel that you must now begin writing lots of checks as in the above " +"example. Python has a strong tradition of duck-typing, where explicit type-" +"checking is never done and code simply calls methods on an object, trusting " +"that those methods will be there and raising an exception if they aren't. " +"Be judicious in checking for ABCs and only do it where it's absolutely " +"necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1237 +msgid "" +"You can write your own ABCs by using ``abc.ABCMeta`` as the metaclass in a " +"class definition::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod\n" +"\n" +"class Drawable():\n" +" __metaclass__ = ABCMeta\n" +"\n" +" @abstractmethod\n" +" def draw(self, x, y, scale=1.0):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +" def draw_doubled(self, x, y):\n" +" self.draw(x, y, scale=2.0)\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class Square(Drawable):\n" +" def draw(self, x, y, scale):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1258 +msgid "" +"In the :class:`Drawable` ABC above, the :meth:`draw_doubled` method renders " +"the object at twice its size and can be implemented in terms of other " +"methods described in :class:`Drawable`. Classes implementing this ABC " +"therefore don't need to provide their own implementation of " +":meth:`draw_doubled`, though they can do so. An implementation of " +":meth:`draw` is necessary, though; the ABC can't provide a useful generic " +"implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1266 +msgid "" +"You can apply the ``@abstractmethod`` decorator to methods such as " +":meth:`draw` that must be implemented; Python will then raise an exception " +"for classes that don't define the method. Note that the exception is only " +"raised when you actually try to create an instance of a subclass lacking the" +" method::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1272 +msgid "" +">>> class Circle(Drawable):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> c = Circle()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Circle with abstract methods draw\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1281 +msgid "" +"Abstract data attributes can be declared using the ``@abstractproperty`` " +"decorator::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"from abc import abstractproperty\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +"@abstractproperty\n" +"def readonly(self):\n" +" return self._x" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1291 +msgid "Subclasses must then define a :meth:`readonly` property." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1295 +msgid ":pep:`3119` - Introducing Abstract Base Classes" +msgstr ":pep:`3119` - 引入抽象基类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum and Talin. Implemented by Guido van Rossum. " +"Backported to 2.6 by Benjamin Aranguren, with Alex Martelli." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1305 +msgid "PEP 3127: Integer Literal Support and Syntax" +msgstr "PEP 3127: 整型文字支持和语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1307 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 changes the syntax for octal (base-8) integer literals, prefixing" +" them with \"0o\" or \"0O\" instead of a leading zero, and adds support for " +"binary (base-2) integer literals, signalled by a \"0b\" or \"0B\" prefix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"Python 2.6 doesn't drop support for a leading 0 signalling an octal number, " +"but it does add support for \"0o\" and \"0b\"::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1315 +msgid "" +">>> 0o21, 2*8 + 1\n" +"(17, 17)\n" +">>> 0b101111\n" +"47" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1320 +msgid "" +"The :func:`oct` builtin still returns numbers prefixed with a leading zero, " +"and a new :func:`bin` builtin returns the binary representation for a " +"number::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1324 +msgid "" +">>> oct(42)\n" +"'052'\n" +">>> future_builtins.oct(42)\n" +"'0o52'\n" +">>> bin(173)\n" +"'0b10101101'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"The :func:`int` and :func:`long` builtins will now accept the \"0o\" and " +"\"0b\" prefixes when base-8 or base-2 are requested, or when the *base* " +"argument is zero (signalling that the base used should be determined from " +"the string)::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1336 +msgid "" +">>> int ('0o52', 0)\n" +"42\n" +">>> int('1101', 2)\n" +"13\n" +">>> int('0b1101', 2)\n" +"13\n" +">>> int('0b1101', 0)\n" +"13" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1348 +msgid ":pep:`3127` - Integer Literal Support and Syntax" +msgstr ":pep:`3127` - 整型文字支持和语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1349 +msgid "PEP written by Patrick Maupin; backported to 2.6 by Eric Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1357 +msgid "PEP 3129: Class Decorators" +msgstr "PEP 3129: 类装饰器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1359 +msgid "" +"Decorators have been extended from functions to classes. It's now legal to " +"write::" +msgstr "装饰器已从函数扩展到类。 现在可以合法地编写::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"@foo\n" +"@bar\n" +"class A:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1367 +msgid "This is equivalent to::" +msgstr "这相当于：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1369 +msgid "" +"class A:\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"A = foo(bar(A))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1376 +msgid ":pep:`3129` - Class Decorators" +msgstr ":pep:`3129` - 类装饰器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1377 +msgid "PEP written by Collin Winter." +msgstr "PEP 由 Collin Winter 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1384 +msgid "PEP 3141: A Type Hierarchy for Numbers" +msgstr "PEP 3141: 数字的类型层级结构" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1386 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 adds several abstract base classes for numeric types inspired by " +"Scheme's numeric tower. These classes were backported to 2.6 as the " +":mod:`numbers` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1390 +msgid "" +"The most general ABC is :class:`Number`. It defines no operations at all, " +"and only exists to allow checking if an object is a number by doing " +"``isinstance(obj, Number)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1394 +msgid "" +":class:`Complex` is a subclass of :class:`Number`. Complex numbers can " +"undergo the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, " +"division, and exponentiation, and you can retrieve the real and imaginary " +"parts and obtain a number's conjugate. Python's built-in complex type is an" +" implementation of :class:`Complex`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1400 +msgid "" +":class:`Real` further derives from :class:`Complex`, and adds operations " +"that only work on real numbers: :func:`floor`, :func:`trunc`, rounding, " +"taking the remainder mod N, floor division, and comparisons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1405 +msgid "" +":class:`Rational` numbers derive from :class:`Real`, have :attr:`numerator` " +"and :attr:`denominator` properties, and can be converted to floats. Python " +"2.6 adds a simple rational-number class, :class:`Fraction`, in the " +":mod:`fractions` module. (It's called :class:`Fraction` instead of " +":class:`Rational` to avoid a name clash with :class:`numbers.Rational`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1412 +msgid "" +":class:`Integral` numbers derive from :class:`Rational`, and can be shifted " +"left and right with ``<<`` and ``>>``, combined using bitwise operations " +"such as ``&`` and ``|``, and can be used as array indexes and slice " +"boundaries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.0, the PEP slightly redefines the existing builtins " +":func:`round`, :func:`math.floor`, :func:`math.ceil`, and adds a new one, " +":func:`math.trunc`, that's been backported to Python 2.6. :func:`math.trunc`" +" rounds toward zero, returning the closest :class:`Integral` that's between " +"the function's argument and zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1425 +msgid ":pep:`3141` - A Type Hierarchy for Numbers" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1426 +msgid "PEP written by Jeffrey Yasskin." +msgstr "PEP 由 Jeffrey Yasskin 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1428 +msgid "" +"`Scheme's numerical tower " +"`__, from the Guile manual." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1430 +msgid "" +"`Scheme's number datatypes " +"`__ from the R5RS Scheme specification." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1434 +msgid "The :mod:`fractions` Module" +msgstr ":mod:`fractions` 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1436 +msgid "" +"To fill out the hierarchy of numeric types, the :mod:`fractions` module " +"provides a rational-number class. Rational numbers store their values as a " +"numerator and denominator forming a fraction, and can exactly represent " +"numbers such as ``2/3`` that floating-point numbers can only approximate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1442 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Fraction` constructor takes two :class:`Integral` values that " +"will be the numerator and denominator of the resulting fraction. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1445 +msgid "" +">>> from fractions import Fraction\n" +">>> a = Fraction(2, 3)\n" +">>> b = Fraction(2, 5)\n" +">>> float(a), float(b)\n" +"(0.66666666666666663, 0.40000000000000002)\n" +">>> a+b\n" +"Fraction(16, 15)\n" +">>> a/b\n" +"Fraction(5, 3)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1455 +msgid "" +"For converting floating-point numbers to rationals, the float type now has " +"an :meth:`as_integer_ratio` method that returns the numerator and " +"denominator for a fraction that evaluates to the same floating-point value::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1460 +msgid "" +">>> (2.5) .as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(5, 2)\n" +">>> (3.1415) .as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(7074029114692207L, 2251799813685248L)\n" +">>> (1./3) .as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(6004799503160661L, 18014398509481984L)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"Note that values that can only be approximated by floating-point numbers, " +"such as 1./3, are not simplified to the number being approximated; the " +"fraction attempts to match the floating-point value **exactly**." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1472 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`fractions` module is based upon an implementation by Sjoerd " +"Mullender that was in Python's :file:`Demo/classes/` directory for a long " +"time. This implementation was significantly updated by Jeffrey Yasskin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1479 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1481 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1483 +msgid "" +"Directories and zip archives containing a :file:`__main__.py` file can now " +"be executed directly by passing their name to the interpreter. The directory" +" or zip archive is automatically inserted as the first entry in sys.path. " +"(Suggestion and initial patch by Andy Chu, subsequently revised by Phillip " +"J. Eby and Nick Coghlan; :issue:`1739468`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1490 +msgid "" +"The :func:`hasattr` function was catching and ignoring all errors, under the" +" assumption that they meant a :meth:`__getattr__` method was failing somehow" +" and the return value of :func:`hasattr` would therefore be ``False``. This" +" logic shouldn't be applied to :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` and " +":exc:`SystemExit`, however; Python 2.6 will no longer discard such " +"exceptions when :func:`hasattr` encounters them. (Fixed by Benjamin " +"Peterson; :issue:`2196`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1498 +msgid "" +"When calling a function using the ``**`` syntax to provide keyword " +"arguments, you are no longer required to use a Python dictionary; any " +"mapping will now work::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1502 +msgid "" +">>> def f(**kw):\n" +"... print sorted(kw)\n" +"...\n" +">>> ud=UserDict.UserDict()\n" +">>> ud['a'] = 1\n" +">>> ud['b'] = 'string'\n" +">>> f(**ud)\n" +"['a', 'b']" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(**kw):\n" +"... print sorted(kw)\n" +"...\n" +">>> ud=UserDict.UserDict()\n" +">>> ud['a'] = 1\n" +">>> ud['b'] = 'string'\n" +">>> f(**ud)\n" +"['a', 'b']" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1511 +msgid "(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`1686487`.)" +msgstr "（由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:`1686487` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"It's also become legal to provide keyword arguments after a ``*args`` " +"argument to a function call. ::" +msgstr "在函数调用的 ``*args`` 参数之后提供关键字参数也是合法的。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1516 +msgid "" +">>> def f(*args, **kw):\n" +"... print args, kw\n" +"...\n" +">>> f(1,2,3, *(4,5,6), keyword=13)\n" +"(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) {'keyword': 13}" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(*args, **kw):\n" +"... print args, kw\n" +"...\n" +">>> f(1,2,3, *(4,5,6), keyword=13)\n" +"(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) {'keyword': 13}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1522 +msgid "" +"Previously this would have been a syntax error. (Contributed by Amaury " +"Forgeot d'Arc; :issue:`3473`.)" +msgstr "在之前版本中这会导致语法错误。 （由 Amaury Forgeot d'Arc 贡献；:issue:`3473`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1525 +msgid "" +"A new builtin, ``next(iterator, [default])`` returns the next item from the " +"specified iterator. If the *default* argument is supplied, it will be " +"returned if *iterator* has been exhausted; otherwise, the " +":exc:`StopIteration` exception will be raised. (Backported in " +":issue:`2719`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1531 +msgid "" +"Tuples now have :meth:`index` and :meth:`count` methods matching the list " +"type's :meth:`index` and :meth:`count` methods::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1534 +msgid "" +">>> t = (0,1,2,3,4,0,1,2)\n" +">>> t.index(3)\n" +"3\n" +">>> t.count(0)\n" +"2" +msgstr "" +">>> t = (0,1,2,3,4,0,1,2)\n" +">>> t.index(3)\n" +"3\n" +">>> t.count(0)\n" +"2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1540 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"The built-in types now have improved support for extended slicing syntax, " +"accepting various combinations of ``(start, stop, step)``. Previously, the " +"support was partial and certain corner cases wouldn't work. (Implemented by " +"Thomas Wouters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1549 +msgid "" +"Properties now have three attributes, :attr:`getter`, :attr:`setter` and " +":attr:`deleter`, that are decorators providing useful shortcuts for adding a" +" getter, setter or deleter function to an existing property. You would use " +"them like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"class C(object):\n" +" @property\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" return self._x\n" +"\n" +" @x.setter\n" +" def x(self, value):\n" +" self._x = value\n" +"\n" +" @x.deleter\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" del self._x\n" +"\n" +"class D(C):\n" +" @C.x.getter\n" +" def x(self):\n" +" return self._x * 2\n" +"\n" +" @x.setter\n" +" def x(self, value):\n" +" self._x = value / 2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1576 +msgid "" +"Several methods of the built-in set types now accept multiple iterables: " +":meth:`intersection`, :meth:`intersection_update`, :meth:`union`, " +":meth:`update`, :meth:`difference` and :meth:`difference_update`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1584 +msgid "" +">>> s=set('1234567890')\n" +">>> s.intersection('abc123', 'cdf246') # Intersection between all inputs\n" +"set(['2'])\n" +">>> s.difference('246', '789')\n" +"set(['1', '0', '3', '5'])" +msgstr "" +">>> s=set('1234567890')\n" +">>> s.intersection('abc123', 'cdf246') # 所有输入的交集\n" +"set(['2'])\n" +">>> s.difference('246', '789')\n" +"set(['1', '0', '3', '5'])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1590 ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1875 +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1896 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"Many floating-point features were added. The :func:`float` function will " +"now turn the string ``nan`` into an IEEE 754 Not A Number value, and " +"``+inf`` and ``-inf`` into positive or negative infinity. This works on any" +" platform with IEEE 754 semantics. (Contributed by Christian Heimes; " +":issue:`1635`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"Other functions in the :mod:`math` module, :func:`isinf` and :func:`isnan`, " +"return true if their floating-point argument is infinite or Not A Number. " +"(:issue:`1640`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1602 +msgid "" +"Conversion functions were added to convert floating-point numbers into " +"hexadecimal strings (:issue:`3008`). These functions convert floats to and " +"from a string representation without introducing rounding errors from the " +"conversion between decimal and binary. Floats have a :meth:`hex` method " +"that returns a string representation, and the ``float.fromhex()`` method " +"converts a string back into a number::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1610 +msgid "" +">>> a = 3.75\n" +">>> a.hex()\n" +"'0x1.e000000000000p+1'\n" +">>> float.fromhex('0x1.e000000000000p+1')\n" +"3.75\n" +">>> b=1./3\n" +">>> b.hex()\n" +"'0x1.5555555555555p-2'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1619 +msgid "" +"A numerical nicety: when creating a complex number from two floats on " +"systems that support signed zeros (-0 and +0), the :func:`complex` " +"constructor will now preserve the sign of the zero. (Fixed by Mark T. " +"Dickinson; :issue:`1507`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1624 +msgid "" +"Classes that inherit a :meth:`__hash__` method from a parent class can set " +"``__hash__ = None`` to indicate that the class isn't hashable. This will " +"make ``hash(obj)`` raise a :exc:`TypeError` and the class will not be " +"indicated as implementing the :class:`Hashable` ABC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1630 +msgid "" +"You should do this when you've defined a :meth:`__cmp__` or :meth:`__eq__` " +"method that compares objects by their value rather than by identity. All " +"objects have a default hash method that uses ``id(obj)`` as the hash value." +" There's no tidy way to remove the :meth:`__hash__` method inherited from a" +" parent class, so assigning ``None`` was implemented as an override. At the" +" C level, extensions can set ``tp_hash`` to " +":c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented`. (Fixed by Nick Coghlan and Amaury " +"Forgeot d'Arc; :issue:`2235`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1640 +msgid "" +"The :exc:`GeneratorExit` exception now subclasses :exc:`BaseException` " +"instead of :exc:`Exception`. This means that an exception handler that does" +" ``except Exception:`` will not inadvertently catch :exc:`GeneratorExit`. " +"(Contributed by Chad Austin; :issue:`1537`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"Generator objects now have a :attr:`gi_code` attribute that refers to the " +"original code object backing the generator. (Contributed by Collin Winter; " +":issue:`1473257`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"The :func:`compile` built-in function now accepts keyword arguments as well " +"as positional parameters. (Contributed by Thomas Wouters; " +":issue:`1444529`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1654 +msgid "" +"The :func:`complex` constructor now accepts strings containing parenthesized" +" complex numbers, meaning that ``complex(repr(cplx))`` will now round-trip " +"values. For example, ``complex('(3+4j)')`` now returns the value (3+4j). " +"(:issue:`1491866`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1659 +msgid "" +"The string :meth:`translate` method now accepts ``None`` as the translation " +"table parameter, which is treated as the identity transformation. This " +"makes it easier to carry out operations that only delete characters. " +"(Contributed by Bengt Richter and implemented by Raymond Hettinger; " +":issue:`1193128`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"The built-in :func:`dir` function now checks for a :meth:`__dir__` method on" +" the objects it receives. This method must return a list of strings " +"containing the names of valid attributes for the object, and lets the object" +" control the value that :func:`dir` produces. Objects that have " +":meth:`__getattr__` or :meth:`__getattribute__` methods can use this to " +"advertise pseudo-attributes they will honor. (:issue:`1591665`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1673 +msgid "" +"Instance method objects have new attributes for the object and function " +"comprising the method; the new synonym for :attr:`!im_self` is " +":attr:`~method.__self__`, and :attr:`!im_func` is also available as " +":attr:`~method.__func__`. The old names are still supported in Python 2.6, " +"but are gone in 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1679 +msgid "" +"An obscure change: when you use the :func:`locals` function inside a " +":keyword:`class` statement, the resulting dictionary no longer returns free " +"variables. (Free variables, in this case, are variables referenced in the " +":keyword:`!class` statement that aren't attributes of the class.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1688 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1690 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`warnings` module has been rewritten in C. This makes it possible " +"to invoke warnings from the parser, and may also make the interpreter's " +"startup faster. (Contributed by Neal Norwitz and Brett Cannon; " +":issue:`1631171`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1695 +msgid "" +"Type objects now have a cache of methods that can reduce the work required " +"to find the correct method implementation for a particular class; once " +"cached, the interpreter doesn't need to traverse base classes to figure out " +"the right method to call. The cache is cleared if a base class or the class " +"itself is modified, so the cache should remain correct even in the face of " +"Python's dynamic nature. (Original optimization implemented by Armin Rigo, " +"updated for Python 2.6 by Kevin Jacobs; :issue:`1700288`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1705 +msgid "" +"By default, this change is only applied to types that are included with the " +"Python core. Extension modules may not necessarily be compatible with this " +"cache, so they must explicitly add :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG` to" +" the module's ``tp_flags`` field to enable the method cache. (To be " +"compatible with the method cache, the extension module's code must not " +"directly access and modify the ``tp_dict`` member of any of the types it " +"implements. Most modules don't do this, but it's impossible for the Python " +"interpreter to determine that. See :issue:`1878` for some discussion.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1716 +msgid "" +"Function calls that use keyword arguments are significantly faster by doing " +"a quick pointer comparison, usually saving the time of a full string " +"comparison. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger, after an initial " +"implementation by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`1819`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1721 +msgid "" +"All of the functions in the :mod:`struct` module have been rewritten in C, " +"thanks to work at the Need For Speed sprint. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"Some of the standard built-in types now set a bit in their type objects. " +"This speeds up checking whether an object is a subclass of one of these " +"types. (Contributed by Neal Norwitz.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1729 +msgid "" +"Unicode strings now use faster code for detecting whitespace and line " +"breaks; this speeds up the :meth:`split` method by about 25% and " +":meth:`splitlines` by 35%. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou.) Memory usage is" +" reduced by using pymalloc for the Unicode string's data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1735 +msgid "" +"The ``with`` statement now stores the :meth:`~object.__exit__` method on the" +" stack, producing a small speedup. (Implemented by Jeffrey Yasskin.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1738 +msgid "" +"To reduce memory usage, the garbage collector will now clear internal free " +"lists when garbage-collecting the highest generation of objects. This may " +"return memory to the operating system sooner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1747 +msgid "Interpreter Changes" +msgstr "解释器改动" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1749 +msgid "" +"Two command-line options have been reserved for use by other Python " +"implementations. The :option:`-J` switch has been reserved for use by " +"Jython for Jython-specific options, such as switches that are passed to the " +"underlying JVM. :option:`-X` has been reserved for options specific to a " +"particular implementation of Python such as CPython, Jython, or IronPython." +" If either option is used with Python 2.6, the interpreter will report that" +" the option isn't currently used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1757 +msgid "" +"Python can now be prevented from writing :file:`.pyc` or :file:`.pyo` files " +"by supplying the :option:`-B` switch to the Python interpreter, or by " +"setting the :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` environment variable before " +"running the interpreter. This setting is available to Python programs as " +"the ``sys.dont_write_bytecode`` variable, and Python code can change the " +"value to modify the interpreter's behaviour. (Contributed by Neal Norwitz " +"and Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1765 +msgid "" +"The encoding used for standard input, output, and standard error can be " +"specified by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` environment variable " +"before running the interpreter. The value should be a string in the form " +"```` or ``:``. The *encoding* part " +"specifies the encoding's name, e.g. ``utf-8`` or ``latin-1``; the optional " +"*errorhandler* part specifies what to do with characters that can't be " +"handled by the encoding, and should be one of \"error\", \"ignore\", or " +"\"replace\". (Contributed by Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1778 +msgid "New and Improved Modules" +msgstr "新增和改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"As in every release, Python's standard library received a number of " +"enhancements and bug fixes. Here's a partial list of the most notable " +"changes, sorted alphabetically by module name. Consult the :file:`Misc/NEWS`" +" file in the source tree for a more complete list of changes, or look " +"through the Subversion logs for all the details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1786 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!asyncore` and :mod:`!asynchat` modules are being actively " +"maintained again, and a number of patches and bugfixes were applied. " +"(Maintained by Josiah Carlson; see :issue:`1736190` for one patch.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1791 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bsddb` module also has a new maintainer, Jesús Cea Avión, and the " +"package is now available as a standalone package. The web page for the " +"package is `www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm " +"`__. The plan is to remove the" +" package from the standard library in Python 3.0, because its pace of " +"releases is much more frequent than Python's." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bsddb.dbshelve` module now uses the highest pickling protocol " +"available, instead of restricting itself to protocol 1. (Contributed by W. " +"Barnes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!cgi` module will now read variables from the query string of an " +"HTTP POST request. This makes it possible to use form actions with URLs " +"that include query strings such as \"/cgi-bin/add.py?category=1\". " +"(Contributed by Alexandre Fiori and Nubis; :issue:`1817`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"The :func:`parse_qs` and :func:`parse_qsl` functions have been relocated " +"from the :mod:`!cgi` module to the :mod:`urlparse ` module. " +"The versions still available in the :mod:`!cgi` module will trigger " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` messages in 2.6 (:issue:`600362`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1815 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cmath` module underwent extensive revision, contributed by Mark " +"Dickinson and Christian Heimes. Five new functions were added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1819 +msgid "" +":func:`polar` converts a complex number to polar form, returning the modulus" +" and argument of the complex number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1822 +msgid "" +":func:`rect` does the opposite, turning a modulus, argument pair back into " +"the corresponding complex number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1825 +msgid "" +":func:`phase` returns the argument (also called the angle) of a complex " +"number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1828 +msgid "" +":func:`isnan` returns True if either the real or imaginary part of its " +"argument is a NaN." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1831 +msgid "" +":func:`isinf` returns True if either the real or imaginary part of its " +"argument is infinite." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1834 +msgid "" +"The revisions also improved the numerical soundness of the :mod:`cmath` " +"module. For all functions, the real and imaginary parts of the results are " +"accurate to within a few units of least precision (ulps) whenever possible." +" See :issue:`1381` for the details. The branch cuts for :func:`asinh`, " +":func:`atanh`: and :func:`atan` have also been corrected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1841 +msgid "" +"The tests for the module have been greatly expanded; nearly 2000 new test " +"cases exercise the algebraic functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1844 +msgid "" +"On IEEE 754 platforms, the :mod:`cmath` module now handles IEEE 754 special " +"values and floating-point exceptions in a manner consistent with Annex 'G' " +"of the C99 standard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1848 +msgid "" +"A new data type in the :mod:`collections` module: ``namedtuple(typename, " +"fieldnames)`` is a factory function that creates subclasses of the standard " +"tuple whose fields are accessible by name as well as index. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1852 +msgid "" +">>> var_type = collections.namedtuple('variable',\n" +"... 'id name type size')\n" +">>> # Names are separated by spaces or commas.\n" +">>> # 'id, name, type, size' would also work.\n" +">>> var_type._fields\n" +"('id', 'name', 'type', 'size')\n" +"\n" +">>> var = var_type(1, 'frequency', 'int', 4)\n" +">>> print var[0], var.id # Equivalent\n" +"1 1\n" +">>> print var[2], var.type # Equivalent\n" +"int int\n" +">>> var._asdict()\n" +"{'size': 4, 'type': 'int', 'id': 1, 'name': 'frequency'}\n" +">>> v2 = var._replace(name='amplitude')\n" +">>> v2\n" +"variable(id=1, name='amplitude', type='int', size=4)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"Several places in the standard library that returned tuples have been " +"modified to return :func:`namedtuple` instances. For example, the " +":meth:`Decimal.as_tuple` method now returns a named tuple with :attr:`sign`," +" :attr:`digits`, and :attr:`exponent` fields." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1877 +msgid "" +"Another change to the :mod:`collections` module is that the :class:`deque` " +"type now supports an optional *maxlen* parameter; if supplied, the deque's " +"size will be restricted to no more than *maxlen* items. Adding more items " +"to a full deque causes old items to be discarded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1885 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import deque\n" +">>> dq=deque(maxlen=3)\n" +">>> dq\n" +"deque([], maxlen=3)\n" +">>> dq.append(1); dq.append(2); dq.append(3)\n" +">>> dq\n" +"deque([1, 2, 3], maxlen=3)\n" +">>> dq.append(4)\n" +">>> dq\n" +"deque([2, 3, 4], maxlen=3)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1898 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`Cookie ` module's :class:`~http.cookies.Morsel` " +"objects now support an :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.httponly` attribute. In " +"some browsers. cookies with this attribute set cannot be accessed or " +"manipulated by JavaScript code. (Contributed by Arvin Schnell; " +":issue:`1638033`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"A new window method in the :mod:`curses` module, :meth:`chgat`, changes the " +"display attributes for a certain number of characters on a single line. " +"(Contributed by Fabian Kreutz.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1909 +msgid "" +"# Boldface text starting at y=0,x=21\n" +"# and affecting the rest of the line.\n" +"stdscr.chgat(0, 21, curses.A_BOLD)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1913 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Textbox` class in the :mod:`curses.textpad` module now supports " +"editing in insert mode as well as overwrite mode. Insert mode is enabled by " +"supplying a true value for the *insert_mode* parameter when creating the " +":class:`Textbox` instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1918 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`datetime` module's :meth:`strftime` methods now support a ``%f`` " +"format code that expands to the number of microseconds in the object, zero-" +"padded on the left to six places. (Contributed by Skip Montanaro; " +":issue:`1158`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1923 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`decimal` module was updated to version 1.66 of `the General " +"Decimal Specification `__. " +"New features include some methods for some basic mathematical functions such" +" as :meth:`exp` and :meth:`log10`::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1928 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal(1).exp()\n" +"Decimal(\"2.718281828459045235360287471\")\n" +">>> Decimal(\"2.7182818\").ln()\n" +"Decimal(\"0.9999999895305022877376682436\")\n" +">>> Decimal(1000).log10()\n" +"Decimal(\"3\")" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal(1).exp()\n" +"Decimal(\"2.718281828459045235360287471\")\n" +">>> Decimal(\"2.7182818\").ln()\n" +"Decimal(\"0.9999999895305022877376682436\")\n" +">>> Decimal(1000).log10()\n" +"Decimal(\"3\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1935 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`as_tuple` method of :class:`Decimal` objects now returns a named " +"tuple with :attr:`sign`, :attr:`digits`, and :attr:`exponent` fields." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`Decimal` 对象的 :meth:`as_tuple` 方法将返回一个由 :attr:`sign`, " +":attr:`digits` 和 :attr:`exponent` 字段组成的具名元组。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1938 +msgid "" +"(Implemented by Facundo Batista and Mark Dickinson. Named tuple support " +"added by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Facundo Batista 和 Mark Dickinson 实现。 具名元组支持由 Raymond Hettinger 添加。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1941 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`difflib` module's :class:`SequenceMatcher` class now returns named" +" tuples representing matches, with :attr:`a`, :attr:`b`, and :attr:`size` " +"attributes. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`difflib` 模块的 :class:`SequenceMatcher` 类将返回代表匹配结果的具名元组，包含 :attr:`a`," +" :attr:`b` 和 :attr:`size` 等属性。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1946 +msgid "" +"An optional ``timeout`` parameter, specifying a timeout measured in seconds," +" was added to the :class:`ftplib.FTP` class constructor as well as the " +":meth:`connect` method. (Added by Facundo Batista.) Also, the :class:`FTP` " +"class's :meth:`storbinary` and :meth:`storlines` now take an optional " +"*callback* parameter that will be called with each block of data after the " +"data has been sent. (Contributed by Phil Schwartz; :issue:`1221598`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"The :func:`reduce` built-in function is also available in the " +":mod:`functools` module. In Python 3.0, the builtin has been dropped and " +":func:`reduce` is only available from :mod:`functools`; currently there are " +"no plans to drop the builtin in the 2.x series. (Patched by Christian " +"Heimes; :issue:`1739906`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1960 +msgid "" +"When possible, the :mod:`getpass` module will now use :file:`/dev/tty` to " +"print a prompt message and read the password, falling back to standard error" +" and standard input. If the password may be echoed to the terminal, a " +"warning is printed before the prompt is displayed. (Contributed by Gregory " +"P. Smith.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1966 +msgid "" +"The :func:`glob.glob` function can now return Unicode filenames if a Unicode" +" path was used and Unicode filenames are matched within the directory. " +"(:issue:`1001604`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1970 +msgid "" +"A new function in the :mod:`heapq` module, ``merge(iter1, iter2, ...)``, " +"takes any number of iterables returning data in sorted order, and returns a " +"new generator that returns the contents of all the iterators, also in sorted" +" order. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1975 +msgid "" +">>> list(heapq.merge([1, 3, 5, 9], [2, 8, 16]))\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 16]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1978 +msgid "" +"Another new function, ``heappushpop(heap, item)``, pushes *item* onto " +"*heap*, then pops off and returns the smallest item. This is more efficient " +"than making a call to :func:`heappush` and then :func:`heappop`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1983 +msgid "" +":mod:`heapq` is now implemented to only use less-than comparison, instead of" +" the less-than-or-equal comparison it previously used. This makes " +":mod:`heapq`'s usage of a type match the :meth:`list.sort` method. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1989 +msgid "" +"An optional ``timeout`` parameter, specifying a timeout measured in seconds," +" was added to the :class:`httplib.HTTPConnection " +"` and :class:`HTTPSConnection " +"` class constructors. (Added by Facundo " +"Batista.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1994 +msgid "" +"Most of the :mod:`inspect` module's functions, such as :func:`getmoduleinfo`" +" and :func:`getargs`, now return named tuples. In addition to behaving like " +"tuples, the elements of the return value can also be accessed as " +"attributes. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2000 +msgid "" +"Some new functions in the module include :func:`isgenerator`, " +":func:`isgeneratorfunction`, and :func:`isabstract`." +msgstr "" +"此模块中的新增函数包括 :func:`isgenerator`, :func:`isgeneratorfunction` 和 " +":func:`isabstract`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2004 +msgid "The :mod:`itertools` module gained several new functions." +msgstr ":mod:`itertools` 模块增加了几个新函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2006 +msgid "" +"``izip_longest(iter1, iter2, ...[, fillvalue])`` makes tuples from each of " +"the elements; if some of the iterables are shorter than others, the missing " +"values are set to *fillvalue*. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2010 +msgid "" +">>> tuple(itertools.izip_longest([1,2,3], [1,2,3,4,5]))\n" +"((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (None, 4), (None, 5))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2013 +msgid "" +"``product(iter1, iter2, ..., [repeat=N])`` returns the Cartesian product of " +"the supplied iterables, a set of tuples containing every possible " +"combination of the elements returned from each iterable. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2017 +msgid "" +">>> list(itertools.product([1,2,3], [4,5,6]))\n" +"[(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),\n" +" (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),\n" +" (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2022 +msgid "" +"The optional *repeat* keyword argument is used for taking the product of an " +"iterable or a set of iterables with themselves, repeated *N* times. With a " +"single iterable argument, *N*-tuples are returned::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2027 +msgid "" +">>> list(itertools.product([1,2], repeat=3))\n" +"[(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 2),\n" +" (2, 1, 1), (2, 1, 2), (2, 2, 1), (2, 2, 2)]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2031 +msgid "With two iterables, *2N*-tuples are returned. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2033 +msgid "" +">>> list(itertools.product([1,2], [3,4], repeat=2))\n" +"[(1, 3, 1, 3), (1, 3, 1, 4), (1, 3, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2, 4),\n" +" (1, 4, 1, 3), (1, 4, 1, 4), (1, 4, 2, 3), (1, 4, 2, 4),\n" +" (2, 3, 1, 3), (2, 3, 1, 4), (2, 3, 2, 3), (2, 3, 2, 4),\n" +" (2, 4, 1, 3), (2, 4, 1, 4), (2, 4, 2, 3), (2, 4, 2, 4)]" +msgstr "" +">>> list(itertools.product([1,2], [3,4], repeat=2))\n" +"[(1, 3, 1, 3), (1, 3, 1, 4), (1, 3, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2, 4),\n" +" (1, 4, 1, 3), (1, 4, 1, 4), (1, 4, 2, 3), (1, 4, 2, 4),\n" +" (2, 3, 1, 3), (2, 3, 1, 4), (2, 3, 2, 3), (2, 3, 2, 4),\n" +" (2, 4, 1, 3), (2, 4, 1, 4), (2, 4, 2, 3), (2, 4, 2, 4)]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"``combinations(iterable, r)`` returns sub-sequences of length *r* from the " +"elements of *iterable*. ::" +msgstr "``combinations(iterable, r)`` 基于 *iterable* 的元素返回长度为 *r* 的子序列。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2042 +msgid "" +">>> list(itertools.combinations('123', 2))\n" +"[('1', '2'), ('1', '3'), ('2', '3')]\n" +">>> list(itertools.combinations('123', 3))\n" +"[('1', '2', '3')]\n" +">>> list(itertools.combinations('1234', 3))\n" +"[('1', '2', '3'), ('1', '2', '4'),\n" +" ('1', '3', '4'), ('2', '3', '4')]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2050 +msgid "" +"``permutations(iter[, r])`` returns all the permutations of length *r* of " +"the iterable's elements. If *r* is not specified, it will default to the " +"number of elements produced by the iterable. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2054 +msgid "" +">>> list(itertools.permutations([1,2,3,4], 2))\n" +"[(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),\n" +" (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4),\n" +" (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4),\n" +" (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2060 +msgid "" +"``itertools.chain(*iterables)`` is an existing function in :mod:`itertools` " +"that gained a new constructor in Python 2.6. " +"``itertools.chain.from_iterable(iterable)`` takes a single iterable that " +"should return other iterables. :func:`chain` will then return all the " +"elements of the first iterable, then all the elements of the second, and so " +"on. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2067 +msgid "" +">>> list(itertools.chain.from_iterable([[1,2,3], [4,5,6]]))\n" +"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2070 +msgid "(All contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（全部由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2072 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`logging` module's :class:`FileHandler` class and its subclasses " +":class:`WatchedFileHandler`, :class:`RotatingFileHandler`, and " +":class:`TimedRotatingFileHandler` now have an optional *delay* parameter to " +"their constructors. If *delay* is true, opening of the log file is deferred" +" until the first :meth:`emit` call is made. (Contributed by Vinay Sajip.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2079 +msgid "" +":class:`TimedRotatingFileHandler` also has a *utc* constructor parameter. " +"If the argument is true, UTC time will be used in determining when midnight " +"occurs and in generating filenames; otherwise local time will be used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2084 +msgid "Several new functions were added to the :mod:`math` module:" +msgstr "为 :mod:`math` 模块添加了一些新函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2086 +msgid "" +":func:`~math.isinf` and :func:`~math.isnan` determine whether a given float " +"is a (positive or negative) infinity or a NaN (Not a Number), respectively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2089 +msgid "" +":func:`~math.copysign` copies the sign bit of an IEEE 754 number, returning " +"the absolute value of *x* combined with the sign bit of *y*. For example, " +"``math.copysign(1, -0.0)`` returns -1.0. (Contributed by Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2094 +msgid "" +":func:`~math.factorial` computes the factorial of a number. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`2138`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2097 +msgid "" +":func:`~math.fsum` adds up the stream of numbers from an iterable, and is " +"careful to avoid loss of precision through using partial sums. (Contributed " +"by Jean Brouwers, Raymond Hettinger, and Mark Dickinson; :issue:`2819`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2102 +msgid "" +":func:`~math.acosh`, :func:`~math.asinh` and :func:`~math.atanh` compute the" +" inverse hyperbolic functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2105 +msgid ":func:`~math.log1p` returns the natural logarithm of *1+x* (base *e*)." +msgstr ":func:`~math.log1p` 返回 *1+x* (以 *e* 为底) 的自然对数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2108 +msgid "" +":func:`trunc` rounds a number toward zero, returning the closest " +":class:`Integral` that's between the function's argument and zero. Added as " +"part of the backport of `PEP 3141's type hierarchy for numbers " +"<#pep-3141>`__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2113 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`math` module has been improved to give more consistent behaviour " +"across platforms, especially with respect to handling of floating-point " +"exceptions and IEEE 754 special values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2117 +msgid "" +"Whenever possible, the module follows the recommendations of the C99 " +"standard about 754's special values. For example, ``sqrt(-1.)`` should now " +"give a :exc:`ValueError` across almost all platforms, while " +"``sqrt(float('NaN'))`` should return a NaN on all IEEE 754 platforms. Where" +" Annex 'F' of the C99 standard recommends signaling 'divide-by-zero' or " +"'invalid', Python will raise :exc:`ValueError`. Where Annex 'F' of the C99 " +"standard recommends signaling 'overflow', Python will raise " +":exc:`OverflowError`. (See :issue:`711019` and :issue:`1640`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2127 +msgid "(Contributed by Christian Heimes and Mark Dickinson.)" +msgstr "（由 Christian Heimes 和 Mark Dickinson 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2129 +msgid "" +":class:`~mmap.mmap` objects now have a :meth:`rfind` method that searches " +"for a substring beginning at the end of the string and searching backwards." +" The :meth:`find` method also gained an *end* parameter giving an index at " +"which to stop searching. (Contributed by John Lenton.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2135 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`operator` module gained a :func:`methodcaller` function that takes" +" a name and an optional set of arguments, returning a callable that will " +"call the named function on any arguments passed to it. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2140 +msgid "" +">>> # Equivalent to lambda s: s.replace('old', 'new')\n" +">>> replacer = operator.methodcaller('replace', 'old', 'new')\n" +">>> replacer('old wine in old bottles')\n" +"'new wine in new bottles'" +msgstr "" +">>> # 等价于 lambda s: s.replace('old', 'new')\n" +">>> replacer = operator.methodcaller('replace', 'old', 'new')\n" +">>> replacer('old wine in old bottles')\n" +"'new wine in new bottles'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2145 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Georg Brandl, after a suggestion by Gregory Petrosyan.)" +msgstr "（由 Gregory Petrosyan 提供建议，之后由 Georg Brandl 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2147 +msgid "" +"The :func:`attrgetter` function now accepts dotted names and performs the " +"corresponding attribute lookups::" +msgstr "现在 :func:`attrgetter` 函数可接受带点号的名称并执行相应的属性查找::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2150 +msgid "" +">>> inst_name = operator.attrgetter(\n" +"... '__class__.__name__')\n" +">>> inst_name('')\n" +"'str'\n" +">>> inst_name(help)\n" +"'_Helper'" +msgstr "" +">>> inst_name = operator.attrgetter(\n" +"... '__class__.__name__')\n" +">>> inst_name('')\n" +"'str'\n" +">>> inst_name(help)\n" +"'_Helper'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2157 +msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl, after a suggestion by Barry Warsaw.)" +msgstr "（由 Barry Warsaw 提供建议，之后由 Georg Brandl 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2159 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module now wraps several new system calls. ``fchmod(fd, " +"mode)`` and ``fchown(fd, uid, gid)`` change the mode and ownership of an " +"opened file, and ``lchmod(path, mode)`` changes the mode of a symlink. " +"(Contributed by Georg Brandl and Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2165 +msgid "" +":func:`chflags` and :func:`lchflags` are wrappers for the corresponding " +"system calls (where they're available), changing the flags set on a file. " +"Constants for the flag values are defined in the :mod:`stat` module; some " +"possible values include :const:`UF_IMMUTABLE` to signal the file may not be " +"changed and :const:`UF_APPEND` to indicate that data can only be appended to" +" the file. (Contributed by M. Levinson.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2173 +msgid "" +"``os.closerange(low, high)`` efficiently closes all file descriptors from " +"*low* to *high*, ignoring any errors and not including *high* itself. This " +"function is now used by the :mod:`subprocess` module to make starting " +"processes faster. (Contributed by Georg Brandl; :issue:`1663329`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2178 +msgid "" +"The ``os.environ`` object's :meth:`clear` method will now unset the " +"environment variables using :func:`os.unsetenv` in addition to clearing the " +"object's keys. (Contributed by Martin Horcicka; :issue:`1181`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2182 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.walk` function now has a ``followlinks`` parameter. If set to " +"True, it will follow symlinks pointing to directories and visit the " +"directory's contents. For backward compatibility, the parameter's default " +"value is false. Note that the function can fall into an infinite recursion " +"if there's a symlink that points to a parent directory. (:issue:`1273829`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2189 +msgid "" +"In the :mod:`os.path` module, the :func:`splitext` function has been changed" +" to not split on leading period characters. This produces better results " +"when operating on Unix's dot-files. For example, " +"``os.path.splitext('.ipython')`` now returns ``('.ipython', '')`` instead of" +" ``('', '.ipython')``. (:issue:`1115886`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2196 +msgid "" +"A new function, ``os.path.relpath(path, start='.')``, returns a relative " +"path from the ``start`` path, if it's supplied, or from the current working " +"directory to the destination ``path``. (Contributed by Richard Barran; " +":issue:`1339796`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2201 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`os.path.expandvars` will now expand environment variables" +" given in the form \"%var%\", and \"~user\" will be expanded into the user's" +" home directory path. (Contributed by Josiah Carlson; :issue:`957650`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2206 +msgid "" +"The Python debugger provided by the :mod:`pdb` module gained a new command: " +"\"run\" restarts the Python program being debugged and can optionally take " +"new command-line arguments for the program. (Contributed by Rocky Bernstein;" +" :issue:`1393667`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2211 +msgid "" +"The :func:`pdb.post_mortem` function, used to begin debugging a traceback, " +"will now use the traceback returned by :func:`sys.exc_info` if no traceback " +"is supplied. (Contributed by Facundo Batista; :issue:`1106316`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2216 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pickletools` module now has an :func:`optimize` function that " +"takes a string containing a pickle and removes some unused opcodes, " +"returning a shorter pickle that contains the same data structure. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2221 +msgid "" +"A :func:`get_data` function was added to the :mod:`pkgutil` module that " +"returns the contents of resource files included with an installed Python " +"package. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2225 +msgid "" +">>> import pkgutil\n" +">>> print pkgutil.get_data('test', 'exception_hierarchy.txt')\n" +"BaseException\n" +" +-- SystemExit\n" +" +-- KeyboardInterrupt\n" +" +-- GeneratorExit\n" +" +-- Exception\n" +" +-- StopIteration\n" +" +-- StandardError\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2236 +msgid "(Contributed by Paul Moore; :issue:`2439`.)" +msgstr "（由 Paul Moore 在 :issue:`2439` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2238 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pyexpat` module's :class:`Parser` objects now allow setting their " +":attr:`buffer_size` attribute to change the size of the buffer used to hold " +"character data. (Contributed by Achim Gaedke; :issue:`1137`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2243 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`Queue` module now provides queue variants that retrieve entries in" +" different orders. The :class:`PriorityQueue` class stores queued items in " +"a heap and retrieves them in priority order, and :class:`LifoQueue` " +"retrieves the most recently added entries first, meaning that it behaves " +"like a stack. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2250 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`random` module's :class:`Random` objects can now be pickled on a " +"32-bit system and unpickled on a 64-bit system, and vice versa. " +"Unfortunately, this change also means that Python 2.6's :class:`Random` " +"objects can't be unpickled correctly on earlier versions of Python. " +"(Contributed by Shawn Ligocki; :issue:`1727780`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2257 +msgid "" +"The new ``triangular(low, high, mode)`` function returns random numbers " +"following a triangular distribution. The returned values are between *low*" +" and *high*, not including *high* itself, and with *mode* as the most " +"frequently occurring value in the distribution. (Contributed by Wladmir van" +" der Laan and Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1681432`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2264 +msgid "" +"Long regular expression searches carried out by the :mod:`re` module will " +"check for signals being delivered, so time-consuming searches can now be " +"interrupted. (Contributed by Josh Hoyt and Ralf Schmitt; :issue:`846388`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2269 +msgid "" +"The regular expression module is implemented by compiling bytecodes for a " +"tiny regex-specific virtual machine. Untrusted code could create malicious " +"strings of bytecode directly and cause crashes, so Python 2.6 includes a " +"verifier for the regex bytecode. (Contributed by Guido van Rossum from work " +"for Google App Engine; :issue:`3487`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2276 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`rlcompleter` module's :meth:`Completer.complete` method will now " +"ignore exceptions triggered while evaluating a name. (Fixed by Lorenz Quack;" +" :issue:`2250`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2280 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sched` module's :class:`scheduler` instances now have a read-only " +":attr:`queue` attribute that returns the contents of the scheduler's queue, " +"represented as a list of named tuples with the fields ``(time, priority, " +"action, argument)``. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1861`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2286 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`select` module now has wrapper functions for the Linux " +":c:func:`!epoll` and BSD :c:func:`!kqueue` system calls. :meth:`modify` " +"method was added to the existing :class:`poll` objects; ``pollobj.modify(fd," +" eventmask)`` takes a file descriptor or file object and an event mask, " +"modifying the recorded event mask for that file. (Contributed by Christian " +"Heimes; :issue:`1657`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2294 +msgid "" +"The :func:`shutil.copytree` function now has an optional *ignore* argument " +"that takes a callable object. This callable will receive each directory " +"path and a list of the directory's contents, and returns a list of names " +"that will be ignored, not copied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`shutil` module also provides an :func:`ignore_patterns` function " +"for use with this new parameter. :func:`ignore_patterns` takes an arbitrary" +" number of glob-style patterns and returns a callable that will ignore any " +"files and directories that match any of these patterns. The following " +"example copies a directory tree, but skips both :file:`.svn` directories and" +" Emacs backup files, which have names ending with '~'::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2307 +msgid "" +"shutil.copytree('Doc/library', '/tmp/library',\n" +" ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*~', '.svn'))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2310 +msgid "(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé; :issue:`2663`.)" +msgstr "（由 Tarek Ziadé 在 :issue:`2663` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2312 +msgid "" +"Integrating signal handling with GUI handling event loops like those used by" +" Tkinter or GTk+ has long been a problem; most software ends up polling, " +"waking up every fraction of a second to check if any GUI events have " +"occurred. The :mod:`signal` module can now make this more efficient. Calling" +" ``signal.set_wakeup_fd(fd)`` sets a file descriptor to be used; when a " +"signal is received, a byte is written to that file descriptor. There's also" +" a C-level function, :c:func:`PySignal_SetWakeupFd`, for setting the " +"descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2322 +msgid "" +"Event loops will use this by opening a pipe to create two descriptors, one " +"for reading and one for writing. The writable descriptor will be passed to " +":func:`set_wakeup_fd`, and the readable descriptor will be added to the list" +" of descriptors monitored by the event loop via :c:func:`!select` or " +":c:func:`!poll`. On receiving a signal, a byte will be written and the main " +"event loop will be woken up, avoiding the need to poll." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2330 +msgid "(Contributed by Adam Olsen; :issue:`1583`.)" +msgstr "（由 Adam Olsen 在 :issue:`1583` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2332 +msgid "" +"The :func:`siginterrupt` function is now available from Python code, and " +"allows changing whether signals can interrupt system calls or not. " +"(Contributed by Ralf Schmitt.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2336 +msgid "" +"The :func:`setitimer` and :func:`getitimer` functions have also been added " +"(where they're available). :func:`setitimer` allows setting interval timers" +" that will cause a signal to be delivered to the process after a specified " +"time, measured in wall-clock time, consumed process time, or combined " +"process+system time. (Contributed by Guilherme Polo; :issue:`2240`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2343 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`smtplib` module now supports SMTP over SSL thanks to the addition " +"of the :class:`SMTP_SSL` class. This class supports an interface identical " +"to the existing :class:`SMTP` class. (Contributed by Monty Taylor.) Both " +"class constructors also have an optional ``timeout`` parameter that " +"specifies a timeout for the initial connection attempt, measured in seconds." +" (Contributed by Facundo Batista.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2351 +msgid "" +"An implementation of the LMTP protocol (:rfc:`2033`) was also added to the " +"module. LMTP is used in place of SMTP when transferring e-mail between " +"agents that don't manage a mail queue. (LMTP implemented by Leif Hedstrom; " +":issue:`957003`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2356 +msgid "" +":meth:`SMTP.starttls` now complies with :rfc:`3207` and forgets any " +"knowledge obtained from the server not obtained from the TLS negotiation " +"itself. (Patch contributed by Bill Fenner; :issue:`829951`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2361 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module now supports TIPC (https://tipc.sourceforge.net/), " +"a high-performance non-IP-based protocol designed for use in clustered " +"environments. TIPC addresses are 4- or 5-tuples. (Contributed by Alberto " +"Bertogli; :issue:`1646`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2366 +msgid "" +"A new function, :func:`create_connection`, takes an address and connects to " +"it using an optional timeout value, returning the connected socket object. " +"This function also looks up the address's type and connects to it using IPv4" +" or IPv6 as appropriate. Changing your code to use " +":func:`create_connection` instead of ``socket(socket.AF_INET, ...)`` may be " +"all that's required to make your code work with IPv6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2374 +msgid "" +"The base classes in the :mod:`SocketServer ` module now " +"support calling a :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.handle_timeout` method " +"after a span of inactivity specified by the server's " +":attr:`~socketserver.BaseServer.timeout` attribute. (Contributed by Michael" +" Pomraning.) The :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.serve_forever` method now " +"takes an optional poll interval measured in seconds, controlling how often " +"the server will check for a shutdown request. (Contributed by Pedro Werneck " +"and Jeffrey Yasskin; :issue:`742598`, :issue:`1193577`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2383 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sqlite3` module, maintained by Gerhard Häring, has been updated " +"from version 2.3.2 in Python 2.5 to version 2.4.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2387 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`struct` module now supports the C99 :c:expr:`_Bool` type, using " +"the format character ``'?'``. (Contributed by David Remahl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2391 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~subprocess.Popen` objects provided by the :mod:`subprocess` " +"module now have :meth:`~subprocess.Popen.terminate`, " +":meth:`~subprocess.Popen.kill`, and :meth:`~subprocess.Popen.send_signal` " +"methods. On Windows, :meth:`!send_signal` only supports the " +":py:const:`~signal.SIGTERM` signal, and all these methods are aliases for " +"the Win32 API function :c:func:`!TerminateProcess`. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2398 +msgid "" +"A new variable in the :mod:`sys` module, :attr:`float_info`, is an object " +"containing information derived from the :file:`float.h` file about the " +"platform's floating-point support. Attributes of this object include " +":attr:`mant_dig` (number of digits in the mantissa), :attr:`epsilon` " +"(smallest difference between 1.0 and the next largest value representable), " +"and several others. (Contributed by Christian Heimes; :issue:`1534`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2406 +msgid "" +"Another new variable, :attr:`dont_write_bytecode`, controls whether Python " +"writes any :file:`.pyc` or :file:`.pyo` files on importing a module. If this" +" variable is true, the compiled files are not written. The variable is " +"initially set on start-up by supplying the :option:`-B` switch to the Python" +" interpreter, or by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` " +"environment variable before running the interpreter. Python code can " +"subsequently change the value of this variable to control whether bytecode " +"files are written or not. (Contributed by Neal Norwitz and Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2417 +msgid "" +"Information about the command-line arguments supplied to the Python " +"interpreter is available by reading attributes of a named tuple available as" +" ``sys.flags``. For example, the :attr:`verbose` attribute is true if " +"Python was executed in verbose mode, :attr:`debug` is true in debugging " +"mode, etc. These attributes are all read-only. (Contributed by Christian " +"Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2425 +msgid "" +"A new function, :func:`getsizeof`, takes a Python object and returns the " +"amount of memory used by the object, measured in bytes. Built-in objects " +"return correct results; third-party extensions may not, but can define a " +":meth:`__sizeof__` method to return the object's size. (Contributed by " +"Robert Schuppenies; :issue:`2898`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2432 +msgid "" +"It's now possible to determine the current profiler and tracer functions by " +"calling :func:`sys.getprofile` and :func:`sys.gettrace`. (Contributed by " +"Georg Brandl; :issue:`1648`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2436 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module now supports POSIX.1-2001 (pax) tarfiles in " +"addition to the POSIX.1-1988 (ustar) and GNU tar formats that were already " +"supported. The default format is GNU tar; specify the ``format`` parameter " +"to open a file using a different format::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2441 +msgid "" +"tar = tarfile.open(\"output.tar\", \"w\",\n" +" format=tarfile.PAX_FORMAT)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2444 +msgid "" +"The new ``encoding`` and ``errors`` parameters specify an encoding and an " +"error handling scheme for character conversions. ``'strict'``, " +"``'ignore'``, and ``'replace'`` are the three standard ways Python can " +"handle errors,; ``'utf-8'`` is a special value that replaces bad characters " +"with their UTF-8 representation. (Character conversions occur because the " +"PAX format supports Unicode filenames, defaulting to UTF-8 encoding.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2452 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`TarFile.add` method now accepts an ``exclude`` argument that's a " +"function that can be used to exclude certain filenames from an archive. The " +"function must take a filename and return true if the file should be excluded" +" or false if it should be archived. The function is applied to both the name" +" initially passed to :meth:`add` and to the names of files in recursively " +"added directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2460 +msgid "(All changes contributed by Lars Gustäbel)." +msgstr "（所有改变均由 Lars Gustäbel 贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2462 +msgid "" +"An optional ``timeout`` parameter was added to the " +":class:`!telnetlib.Telnet` class constructor, specifying a timeout measured " +"in seconds. (Added by Facundo Batista.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2466 +msgid "" +"The :class:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` class usually deletes the temporary" +" file it created when the file is closed. This behaviour can now be changed" +" by passing ``delete=False`` to the constructor. (Contributed by Damien " +"Miller; :issue:`1537850`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2471 +msgid "" +"A new class, :class:`SpooledTemporaryFile`, behaves like a temporary file " +"but stores its data in memory until a maximum size is exceeded. On reaching" +" that limit, the contents will be written to an on-disk temporary file. " +"(Contributed by Dustin J. Mitchell.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2476 +msgid "" +"The :class:`NamedTemporaryFile` and :class:`SpooledTemporaryFile` classes " +"both work as context managers, so you can write ``with " +"tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp: ...``. (Contributed by Alexander " +"Belopolsky; :issue:`2021`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2481 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`test.test_support ` module gained a number of " +"context managers useful for writing tests. " +":func:`~test.support.os_helper.EnvironmentVarGuard` is a context manager " +"that temporarily changes environment variables and automatically restores " +"them to their old values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2487 +msgid "" +"Another context manager, :class:`TransientResource`, can surround calls to " +"resources that may or may not be available; it will catch and ignore a " +"specified list of exceptions. For example, a network test may ignore " +"certain failures when connecting to an external web site::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2493 +msgid "" +"with test_support.TransientResource(IOError,\n" +" errno=errno.ETIMEDOUT):\n" +" f = urllib.urlopen('https://sf.net')\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2498 +msgid "" +"Finally, :func:`check_warnings` resets the :mod:`warning` module's warning " +"filters and returns an object that will record all warning messages " +"triggered (:issue:`3781`)::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2502 +msgid "" +"with test_support.check_warnings() as wrec:\n" +" warnings.simplefilter(\"always\")\n" +" # ... code that triggers a warning ...\n" +" assert str(wrec.message) == \"function is outdated\"\n" +" assert len(wrec.warnings) == 1, \"Multiple warnings raised\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2508 +msgid "(Contributed by Brett Cannon.)" +msgstr "（由 Brett Cannon 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2510 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`textwrap` module can now preserve existing whitespace at the " +"beginnings and ends of the newly created lines by specifying " +"``drop_whitespace=False`` as an argument::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2515 +msgid "" +">>> S = \"\"\"This sentence has a bunch of\n" +"... extra whitespace.\"\"\"\n" +">>> print textwrap.fill(S, width=15)\n" +"This sentence\n" +"has a bunch\n" +"of extra\n" +"whitespace.\n" +">>> print textwrap.fill(S, drop_whitespace=False, width=15)\n" +"This sentence\n" +" has a bunch\n" +" of extra\n" +" whitespace.\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2529 +msgid "(Contributed by Dwayne Bailey; :issue:`1581073`.)" +msgstr "（由 Dwayne Bailey 在 :issue:`1581073` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2531 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module API is being changed to use properties such as " +":attr:`daemon` instead of :meth:`setDaemon` and :meth:`isDaemon` methods, " +"and some methods have been renamed to use underscores instead of camel-case;" +" for example, the :meth:`activeCount` method is renamed to " +":meth:`active_count`. Both the 2.6 and 3.0 versions of the module support " +"the same properties and renamed methods, but don't remove the old methods. " +"No date has been set for the deprecation of the old APIs in Python 3.x; the " +"old APIs won't be removed in any 2.x version. (Carried out by several " +"people, most notably Benjamin Peterson.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2542 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module's :class:`Thread` objects gained an " +":attr:`ident` property that returns the thread's identifier, a nonzero " +"integer. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith; :issue:`2871`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2547 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`timeit` module now accepts callables as well as strings for the " +"statement being timed and for the setup code. Two convenience functions were" +" added for creating :class:`Timer` instances: ``repeat(stmt, setup, time, " +"repeat, number)`` and ``timeit(stmt, setup, time, number)`` create an " +"instance and call the corresponding method. (Contributed by Erik Demaine; " +":issue:`1533909`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2556 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`Tkinter` module now accepts lists and tuples for options, " +"separating the elements by spaces before passing the resulting value to " +"Tcl/Tk. (Contributed by Guilherme Polo; :issue:`2906`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2561 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`turtle` module for turtle graphics was greatly enhanced by Gregor " +"Lingl. New features in the module include:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2564 +msgid "Better animation of turtle movement and rotation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2565 +msgid "" +"Control over turtle movement using the new :meth:`delay`, :meth:`tracer`, " +"and :meth:`speed` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2567 +msgid "" +"The ability to set new shapes for the turtle, and to define a new coordinate" +" system." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2569 +msgid "Turtles now have an :meth:`undo` method that can roll back actions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2570 +msgid "" +"Simple support for reacting to input events such as mouse and keyboard " +"activity, making it possible to write simple games." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2572 +msgid "" +"A :file:`turtle.cfg` file can be used to customize the starting appearance " +"of the turtle's screen." +msgstr ":file:`turtle.cfg` 文件可被用来定制海龟绘图屏幕的初始外观。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2574 +msgid "" +"The module's docstrings can be replaced by new docstrings that have been " +"translated into another language." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2577 +msgid "(:issue:`1513695`)" +msgstr "(:issue:`1513695`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2579 +msgid "" +"An optional ``timeout`` parameter was added to the :func:`urllib.urlopen " +"` function and the :class:`urllib.ftpwrapper` class " +"constructor, as well as the :func:`urllib2.urlopen `" +" function. The parameter specifies a timeout measured in seconds. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2585 +msgid "" +">>> u = urllib2.urlopen(\"http://slow.example.com\",\n" +" timeout=3)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"urllib2.URLError: \n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2592 +msgid "(Added by Facundo Batista.)" +msgstr "（由 Facundo Batista 添加。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2594 +msgid "" +"The Unicode database provided by the :mod:`unicodedata` module has been " +"updated to version 5.1.0. (Updated by Martin von Löwis; :issue:`3811`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2598 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`warnings` module's :func:`formatwarning` and :func:`showwarning` " +"gained an optional *line* argument that can be used to supply the line of " +"source code. (Added as part of :issue:`1631171`, which re-implemented part " +"of the :mod:`warnings` module in C code.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2603 +msgid "" +"A new function, :func:`catch_warnings`, is a context manager intended for " +"testing purposes that lets you temporarily modify the warning filters and " +"then restore their original values (:issue:`3781`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2607 +msgid "" +"The XML-RPC :class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer ` and " +":class:`DocXMLRPCServer ` classes can now be prevented from " +"immediately opening and binding to their socket by passing ``False`` as the " +"*bind_and_activate* constructor parameter. This can be used to modify the " +"instance's :attr:`allow_reuse_address` attribute before calling the " +":meth:`server_bind` and :meth:`server_activate` methods to open the socket " +"and begin listening for connections. (Contributed by Peter Parente; " +":issue:`1599845`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2616 +msgid "" +":class:`SimpleXMLRPCServer` also has a :attr:`_send_traceback_header` " +"attribute; if true, the exception and formatted traceback are returned as " +"HTTP headers \"X-Exception\" and \"X-Traceback\". This feature is for " +"debugging purposes only and should not be used on production servers because" +" the tracebacks might reveal passwords or other sensitive information. " +"(Contributed by Alan McIntyre as part of his project for Google's Summer of " +"Code 2007.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2624 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpclib ` module no longer automatically converts" +" :class:`datetime.date` and :class:`datetime.time` to the " +":class:`xmlrpclib.DateTime ` type; the conversion " +"semantics were not necessarily correct for all applications. Code using " +":mod:`!xmlrpclib` should convert :class:`date` and :class:`~datetime.time` " +"instances. (:issue:`1330538`) The code can also handle dates before 1900 " +"(contributed by Ralf Schmitt; :issue:`2014`) and 64-bit integers represented" +" by using ```` in XML-RPC responses (contributed by Riku Lindblad; " +":issue:`2985`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2634 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zipfile` module's :class:`ZipFile` class now has :meth:`extract` " +"and :meth:`extractall` methods that will unpack a single file or all the " +"files in the archive to the current directory, or to a specified directory::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2639 +msgid "" +"z = zipfile.ZipFile('python-251.zip')\n" +"\n" +"# Unpack a single file, writing it relative\n" +"# to the /tmp directory.\n" +"z.extract('Python/sysmodule.c', '/tmp')\n" +"\n" +"# Unpack all the files in the archive.\n" +"z.extractall()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2648 +msgid "(Contributed by Alan McIntyre; :issue:`467924`.)" +msgstr "（由 Alan McIntyre 在 :issue:`467924` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2650 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`open`, :meth:`read` and :meth:`extract` methods can now take " +"either a filename or a :class:`ZipInfo` object. This is useful when an " +"archive accidentally contains a duplicated filename. (Contributed by Graham " +"Horler; :issue:`1775025`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2655 +msgid "" +"Finally, :mod:`zipfile` now supports using Unicode filenames for archived " +"files. (Contributed by Alexey Borzenkov; :issue:`1734346`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2662 +msgid "The :mod:`ast` module" +msgstr ":mod:`ast` 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2664 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ast` module provides an Abstract Syntax Tree representation of " +"Python code, and Armin Ronacher contributed a set of helper functions that " +"perform a variety of common tasks. These will be useful for HTML templating" +" packages, code analyzers, and similar tools that process Python code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2671 +msgid "" +"The :func:`parse` function takes an expression and returns an AST. The " +":func:`dump` function outputs a representation of a tree, suitable for " +"debugging::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2675 +msgid "" +"import ast\n" +"\n" +"t = ast.parse(\"\"\"\n" +"d = {}\n" +"for i in 'abcdefghijklm':\n" +" d[i + i] = ord(i) - ord('a') + 1\n" +"print d\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +"print ast.dump(t)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2685 +msgid "This outputs a deeply nested tree::" +msgstr "输出是一棵深度嵌套的树::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2687 +msgid "" +"Module(body=[\n" +" Assign(targets=[\n" +" Name(id='d', ctx=Store())\n" +" ], value=Dict(keys=[], values=[]))\n" +" For(target=Name(id='i', ctx=Store()),\n" +" iter=Str(s='abcdefghijklm'), body=[\n" +" Assign(targets=[\n" +" Subscript(value=\n" +" Name(id='d', ctx=Load()),\n" +" slice=\n" +" Index(value=\n" +" BinOp(left=Name(id='i', ctx=Load()), op=Add(),\n" +" right=Name(id='i', ctx=Load()))), ctx=Store())\n" +" ], value=\n" +" BinOp(left=\n" +" BinOp(left=\n" +" Call(func=\n" +" Name(id='ord', ctx=Load()), args=[\n" +" Name(id='i', ctx=Load())\n" +" ], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None),\n" +" op=Sub(), right=Call(func=\n" +" Name(id='ord', ctx=Load()), args=[\n" +" Str(s='a')\n" +" ], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None)),\n" +" op=Add(), right=Num(n=1)))\n" +" ], orelse=[])\n" +" Print(dest=None, values=[\n" +" Name(id='d', ctx=Load())\n" +" ], nl=True)\n" +" ])" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2718 +msgid "" +"The :func:`literal_eval` method takes a string or an AST representing a " +"literal expression, parses and evaluates it, and returns the resulting " +"value. A literal expression is a Python expression containing only strings," +" numbers, dictionaries, etc. but no statements or function calls. If you " +"need to evaluate an expression but cannot accept the security risk of using " +"an :func:`eval` call, :func:`literal_eval` will handle it safely::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2726 +msgid "" +">>> literal = '(\"a\", \"b\", {2:4, 3:8, 1:2})'\n" +">>> print ast.literal_eval(literal)\n" +"('a', 'b', {1: 2, 2: 4, 3: 8})\n" +">>> print ast.literal_eval('\"a\" + \"b\"')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: malformed string" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2734 +msgid "" +"The module also includes :class:`NodeVisitor` and :class:`NodeTransformer` " +"classes for traversing and modifying an AST, and functions for common " +"transformations such as changing line numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2742 +msgid "The :mod:`future_builtins` module" +msgstr ":mod:`future_builtins` 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2744 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 makes many changes to the repertoire of built-in functions, and " +"most of the changes can't be introduced in the Python 2.x series because " +"they would break compatibility. The :mod:`future_builtins` module provides " +"versions of these built-in functions that can be imported when writing " +"3.0-compatible code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2751 +msgid "The functions in this module currently include:" +msgstr "目前此模块中的函数包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2753 +msgid "" +"``ascii(obj)``: equivalent to :func:`repr`. In Python 3.0, :func:`repr` " +"will return a Unicode string, while :func:`ascii` will return a pure ASCII " +"bytestring." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2757 +msgid "" +"``filter(predicate, iterable)``, ``map(func, iterable1, ...)``: the 3.0 " +"versions return iterators, unlike the 2.x builtins which return lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2761 +msgid "" +"``hex(value)``, ``oct(value)``: instead of calling the :meth:`__hex__` or " +":meth:`__oct__` methods, these versions will call the :meth:`__index__` " +"method and convert the result to hexadecimal or octal. :func:`oct` will use" +" the new ``0o`` notation for its result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2770 +msgid "The :mod:`json` module: JavaScript Object Notation" +msgstr ":mod:`json` 模块: JavaScript Object Notation" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2772 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`json` module supports the encoding and decoding of Python " +"types in JSON (Javascript Object Notation). JSON is a lightweight " +"interchange format often used in web applications. For more information " +"about JSON, see http://www.json.org." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2777 +msgid "" +":mod:`json` comes with support for decoding and encoding most built-in " +"Python types. The following example encodes and decodes a dictionary::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2780 +msgid "" +">>> import json\n" +">>> data = {\"spam\": \"foo\", \"parrot\": 42}\n" +">>> in_json = json.dumps(data) # Encode the data\n" +">>> in_json\n" +"'{\"parrot\": 42, \"spam\": \"foo\"}'\n" +">>> json.loads(in_json) # Decode into a Python object\n" +"{\"spam\": \"foo\", \"parrot\": 42}" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2788 +msgid "" +"It's also possible to write your own decoders and encoders to support more " +"types. Pretty-printing of the JSON strings is also supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2791 +msgid "" +":mod:`json` (originally called simplejson) was written by Bob Ippolito." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2798 +msgid "The :mod:`plistlib` module: A Property-List Parser" +msgstr ":mod:`plistlib` 模块：属性列表解析器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2800 +msgid "" +"The ``.plist`` format is commonly used on Mac OS X to store basic data types" +" (numbers, strings, lists, and dictionaries) by serializing them into an " +"XML-based format. It resembles the XML-RPC serialization of data types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2805 +msgid "" +"Despite being primarily used on Mac OS X, the format has nothing Mac-" +"specific about it and the Python implementation works on any platform that " +"Python supports, so the :mod:`plistlib` module has been promoted to the " +"standard library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2810 +msgid "Using the module is simple::" +msgstr "此模块的用法很简单::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2812 +msgid "" +"import sys\n" +"import plistlib\n" +"import datetime\n" +"\n" +"# Create data structure\n" +"data_struct = dict(lastAccessed=datetime.datetime.now(),\n" +" version=1,\n" +" categories=('Personal','Shared','Private'))\n" +"\n" +"# Create string containing XML.\n" +"plist_str = plistlib.writePlistToString(data_struct)\n" +"new_struct = plistlib.readPlistFromString(plist_str)\n" +"print data_struct\n" +"print new_struct\n" +"\n" +"# Write data structure to a file and read it back.\n" +"plistlib.writePlist(data_struct, '/tmp/customizations.plist')\n" +"new_struct = plistlib.readPlist('/tmp/customizations.plist')\n" +"\n" +"# read/writePlist accepts file-like objects as well as paths.\n" +"plistlib.writePlist(data_struct, sys.stdout)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2837 +msgid "ctypes Enhancements" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2839 +msgid "" +"Thomas Heller continued to maintain and enhance the :mod:`ctypes` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2842 +msgid "" +":mod:`ctypes` now supports a :class:`c_bool` datatype that represents the " +"C99 ``bool`` type. (Contributed by David Remahl; :issue:`1649190`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2846 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ctypes` string, buffer and array types have improved support for " +"extended slicing syntax, where various combinations of ``(start, stop, " +"step)`` are supplied. (Implemented by Thomas Wouters.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2853 +msgid "" +"All :mod:`ctypes` data types now support :meth:`from_buffer` and " +":meth:`from_buffer_copy` methods that create a ctypes instance based on a " +"provided buffer object. :meth:`from_buffer_copy` copies the contents of the" +" object, while :meth:`from_buffer` will share the same memory area." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2860 +msgid "" +"A new calling convention tells :mod:`ctypes` to clear the ``errno`` or Win32" +" LastError variables at the outset of each wrapped call. (Implemented by " +"Thomas Heller; :issue:`1798`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2864 +msgid "" +"You can now retrieve the Unix ``errno`` variable after a function call. " +"When creating a wrapped function, you can supply ``use_errno=True`` as a " +"keyword parameter to the :func:`DLL` function and then call the module-level" +" methods :meth:`set_errno` and :meth:`get_errno` to set and retrieve the " +"error value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2870 +msgid "" +"The Win32 LastError variable is similarly supported by the :func:`DLL`, " +":func:`OleDLL`, and :func:`WinDLL` functions. You supply " +"``use_last_error=True`` as a keyword parameter and then call the module-" +"level methods :meth:`set_last_error` and :meth:`get_last_error`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2876 +msgid "" +"The :func:`byref` function, used to retrieve a pointer to a ctypes instance," +" now has an optional *offset* parameter that is a byte count that will be " +"added to the returned pointer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2883 +msgid "Improved SSL Support" +msgstr "改进的 SSL 支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2885 +msgid "" +"Bill Janssen made extensive improvements to Python 2.6's support for the " +"Secure Sockets Layer by adding a new module, :mod:`ssl`, that's built atop " +"the `OpenSSL `__ library. This new module provides" +" more control over the protocol negotiated, the X.509 certificates used, and" +" has better support for writing SSL servers (as opposed to clients) in " +"Python. The existing SSL support in the :mod:`socket` module hasn't been " +"removed and continues to work, though it will be removed in Python 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2894 +msgid "" +"To use the new module, you must first create a TCP connection in the usual " +"way and then pass it to the :func:`ssl.wrap_socket` function. It's possible " +"to specify whether a certificate is required, and to obtain certificate info" +" by calling the :meth:`getpeercert` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2901 +msgid "The documentation for the :mod:`ssl` module." +msgstr ":mod:`ssl` 模块的文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2906 +msgid "Deprecations and Removals" +msgstr "弃用和移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2908 ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3262 +msgid "" +"String exceptions have been removed. Attempting to use them raises a " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2911 +msgid "" +"Changes to the :class:`Exception` interface as dictated by :pep:`352` " +"continue to be made. For 2.6, the :attr:`!message` attribute is being " +"deprecated in favor of the :attr:`~BaseException.args` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2916 +msgid "" +"(3.0-warning mode) Python 3.0 will feature a reorganized standard library " +"that will drop many outdated modules and rename others. Python 2.6 running " +"in 3.0-warning mode will warn about these modules when they are imported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2921 +msgid "" +"The list of deprecated modules is: :mod:`!audiodev`, :mod:`!bgenlocations`, " +":mod:`!buildtools`, :mod:`!bundlebuilder`, :mod:`!Canvas`, :mod:`!compiler`," +" :mod:`!dircache`, :mod:`!dl`, :mod:`!fpformat`, :mod:`!gensuitemodule`, " +":mod:`!ihooks`, :mod:`!imageop`, :mod:`!imgfile`, :mod:`!linuxaudiodev`, " +":mod:`!mhlib`, :mod:`!mimetools`, :mod:`!multifile`, :mod:`!new`, " +":mod:`!pure`, :mod:`!statvfs`, :mod:`!sunaudiodev`, :mod:`!test.testall`, " +"and :mod:`!toaiff`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2946 +msgid "The :mod:`!gopherlib` module has been removed." +msgstr ":mod:`!gopherlib` 模块已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2948 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!MimeWriter` module and :mod:`!mimify` module have been " +"deprecated; use the :mod:`email` package instead." +msgstr ":mod:`!MimeWriter` 模块和 :mod:`!mimify` 模块已被弃用；请改用 :mod:`email` 包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2952 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!md5` module has been deprecated; use the :mod:`hashlib` module " +"instead." +msgstr ":mod:`!md5` 模块已被弃用；请改用 :mod:`hashlib` 模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2955 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!posixfile` module has been deprecated; :func:`fcntl.lockf` " +"provides better locking." +msgstr ":mod:`!posixfile` 模块已被弃用；:func:`fcntl.lockf` 可提供更好的锁机制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2958 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!popen2` module has been deprecated; use the :mod:`subprocess` " +"module." +msgstr ":mod:`!popen2` 模块已被弃用；请使用 :mod:`subprocess` 模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2961 +msgid "The :mod:`!rgbimg` module has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2963 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sets` module has been deprecated; it's better to use the built-in" +" :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2966 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!sha` module has been deprecated; use the :mod:`hashlib` module " +"instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2974 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2976 +msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" +msgstr "针对 Python 构建过程和 C API 的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2978 +msgid "" +"Python now must be compiled with C89 compilers (after 19 years!). This " +"means that the Python source tree has dropped its own implementations of " +":c:func:`!memmove` and :c:func:`!strerror`, which are in the C89 standard " +"library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2983 +msgid "" +"Python 2.6 can be built with Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 (version 9.0), and" +" this is the new default compiler. See the :file:`PCbuild` directory for " +"the build files. (Implemented by Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2988 +msgid "" +"On Mac OS X, Python 2.6 can be compiled as a 4-way universal build. The " +":program:`configure` script can take a :option:`!--with-universal-" +"archs=[32-bit|64-bit|all]` switch, controlling whether the binaries are " +"built for 32-bit architectures (x86, PowerPC), 64-bit (x86-64 and PPC-64), " +"or both. (Contributed by Ronald Oussoren.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:2995 +msgid "" +"A new function added in Python 2.6.6, :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx`, sets the " +"value of ``sys.argv`` and can optionally update ``sys.path`` to include the " +"directory containing the script named by ``sys.argv[0]`` depending on the " +"value of an *updatepath* parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3000 +msgid "" +"This function was added to close a security hole for applications that embed" +" Python. The old function, :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv`, would always update " +"``sys.path``, and sometimes it would add the current directory. This meant " +"that, if you ran an application embedding Python in a directory controlled " +"by someone else, attackers could put a Trojan-horse module in the directory " +"(say, a file named :file:`os.py`) that your application would then import " +"and run." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3008 +msgid "" +"If you maintain a C/C++ application that embeds Python, check whether you're" +" calling :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` and carefully consider whether the " +"application should be using :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` with *updatepath* set" +" to false. Note that using this function will break compatibility with " +"Python versions 2.6.5 and earlier; if you have to continue working with " +"earlier versions, you can leave the call to :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` alone " +"and call ``PyRun_SimpleString(\"sys.path.pop(0)\\n\")`` afterwards to " +"discard the first ``sys.path`` component." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3018 +msgid "" +"Security issue reported as :cve:`2008-5983`; discussed in :gh:`50003`, and " +"fixed by Antoine Pitrou." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3021 +msgid "" +"The BerkeleyDB module now has a C API object, available as ``bsddb.db.api``." +" This object can be used by other C extensions that wish to use the " +":mod:`bsddb` module for their own purposes. (Contributed by Duncan Grisby.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3026 +msgid "" +"The new buffer interface, previously described in `the PEP 3118 section " +"<#pep-3118-revised-buffer-protocol>`__, adds :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` " +"and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`, as well as a few other functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3031 +msgid "" +"Python's use of the C stdio library is now thread-safe, or at least as " +"thread-safe as the underlying library is. A long-standing potential bug " +"occurred if one thread closed a file object while another thread was reading" +" from or writing to the object. In 2.6 file objects have a reference count," +" manipulated by the :c:func:`!PyFile_IncUseCount` and " +":c:func:`!PyFile_DecUseCount` functions. File objects can't be closed " +"unless the reference count is zero. :c:func:`!PyFile_IncUseCount` should be" +" called while the GIL is still held, before carrying out an I/O operation " +"using the ``FILE *`` pointer, and :c:func:`!PyFile_DecUseCount` should be " +"called immediately after the GIL is re-acquired. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou and Gregory P. Smith.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3044 +msgid "" +"Importing modules simultaneously in two different threads no longer " +"deadlocks; it will now raise an :exc:`ImportError`. A new API function, " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`, will look for a module in " +"``sys.modules`` first, then try to import it after acquiring an import lock." +" If the import lock is held by another thread, an :exc:`ImportError` is " +"raised. (Contributed by Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3052 +msgid "" +"Several functions return information about the platform's floating-point " +"support. :c:func:`PyFloat_GetMax` returns the maximum representable " +"floating-point value, and :c:func:`PyFloat_GetMin` returns the minimum " +"positive value. :c:func:`PyFloat_GetInfo` returns an object containing more" +" information from the :file:`float.h` file, such as ``\"mant_dig\"`` (number" +" of digits in the mantissa), ``\"epsilon\"`` (smallest difference between " +"1.0 and the next largest value representable), and several others. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes; :issue:`1534`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3063 +msgid "" +"C functions and methods that use :c:func:`PyComplex_AsCComplex` will now " +"accept arguments that have a :meth:`__complex__` method. In particular, the" +" functions in the :mod:`cmath` module will now accept objects with this " +"method. This is a backport of a Python 3.0 change. (Contributed by Mark " +"Dickinson; :issue:`1675423`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3070 +msgid "" +"Python's C API now includes two functions for case-insensitive string " +"comparisons, ``PyOS_stricmp(char*, char*)`` and ``PyOS_strnicmp(char*, " +"char*, Py_ssize_t)``. (Contributed by Christian Heimes; :issue:`1635`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3075 +msgid "" +"Many C extensions define their own little macro for adding integers and " +"strings to the module's dictionary in the ``init*`` function. Python 2.6 " +"finally defines standard macros for adding values to a module, " +":c:macro:`PyModule_AddStringMacro` and :c:macro:`PyModule_AddIntMacro()`. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3082 +msgid "" +"Some macros were renamed in both 3.0 and 2.6 to make it clearer that they " +"are macros, not functions. :c:macro:`!Py_Size()` became " +":c:macro:`Py_SIZE()`, :c:macro:`!Py_Type()` became :c:macro:`Py_TYPE()`, and" +" :c:macro:`!Py_Refcnt()` became :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT()`. The mixed-case " +"macros are still available in Python 2.6 for backward compatibility. " +"(:issue:`1629`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3091 +msgid "" +"Distutils now places C extensions it builds in a different directory when " +"running on a debug version of Python. (Contributed by Collin Winter; " +":issue:`1530959`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3095 +msgid "" +"Several basic data types, such as integers and strings, maintain internal " +"free lists of objects that can be re-used. The data structures for these " +"free lists now follow a naming convention: the variable is always named " +"``free_list``, the counter is always named ``numfree``, and a macro " +"``Py_MAXFREELIST`` is always defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3102 +msgid "" +"A new Makefile target, \"make patchcheck\", prepares the Python source tree " +"for making a patch: it fixes trailing whitespace in all modified ``.py`` " +"files, checks whether the documentation has been changed, and reports " +"whether the :file:`Misc/ACKS` and :file:`Misc/NEWS` files have been updated." +" (Contributed by Brett Cannon.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3109 +msgid "" +"Another new target, \"make profile-opt\", compiles a Python binary using " +"GCC's profile-guided optimization. It compiles Python with profiling " +"enabled, runs the test suite to obtain a set of profiling results, and then " +"compiles using these results for optimization. (Contributed by Gregory P. " +"Smith.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3118 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes: Windows" +msgstr "特定于 Windows 的更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3120 +msgid "" +"The support for Windows 95, 98, ME and NT4 has been dropped. Python 2.6 " +"requires at least Windows 2000 SP4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3123 +msgid "" +"The new default compiler on Windows is Visual Studio 2008 (version 9.0). The" +" build directories for Visual Studio 2003 (version 7.1) and 2005 (version " +"8.0) were moved into the PC/ directory. The new :file:`PCbuild` directory " +"supports cross compilation for X64, debug builds and Profile Guided " +"Optimization (PGO). PGO builds are roughly 10% faster than normal builds. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes with help from Amaury Forgeot d'Arc and " +"Martin von Löwis.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3131 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`msvcrt` module now supports both the normal and wide char variants" +" of the console I/O API. The :func:`~msvcrt.getwch` function reads a " +"keypress and returns a Unicode value, as does the :func:`~msvcrt.getwche` " +"function. The :func:`~msvcrt.putwch` function takes a Unicode character and" +" writes it to the console. (Contributed by Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3138 +msgid "" +":func:`os.path.expandvars` will now expand environment variables in the form" +" \"%var%\", and \"~user\" will be expanded into the user's home directory " +"path. (Contributed by Josiah Carlson; :issue:`957650`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3142 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module's socket objects now have an " +":meth:`~socket.socket.ioctl` method that provides a limited interface to the" +" :c:func:`WSAIoctl` system interface." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3146 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`_winreg ` module now has a function, " +":func:`~winreg.ExpandEnvironmentStrings`, that expands environment variable " +"references such as ``%NAME%`` in an input string. The handle objects " +"provided by this module now support the context protocol, so they can be " +"used in :keyword:`with` statements. (Contributed by Christian Heimes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3153 +msgid "" +":mod:`_winreg ` also has better support for x64 systems, exposing " +"the :func:`~winreg.DisableReflectionKey`, " +":func:`~winreg.EnableReflectionKey`, and :func:`~winreg.QueryReflectionKey` " +"functions, which enable and disable registry reflection for 32-bit processes" +" running on 64-bit systems. (:issue:`1753245`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3159 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!msilib` module's :class:`!Record` object gained " +":meth:`!GetInteger` and :meth:`!GetString` methods that return field values " +"as an integer or a string. (Contributed by Floris Bruynooghe; " +":issue:`2125`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3167 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X" +msgstr "特定于 Mac OS X 的更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3169 +msgid "" +"When compiling a framework build of Python, you can now specify the " +"framework name to be used by providing the :option:`!--with-framework-name=`" +" option to the :program:`configure` script." +msgstr "" +"现在，在编译Python的框架版本时，可以为 :program:`configure` 脚本添加 :option:`!--with-framework-" +"name=` 选项来指定要使用的框架名称。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3174 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!macfs` module has been removed. This in turn required the " +":func:`!macostools.touched` function to be removed because it depended on " +"the :mod:`!macfs` module. (:issue:`1490190`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3178 +msgid "" +"Many other Mac OS modules have been deprecated and will be removed in Python" +" 3.0: :mod:`!_builtinSuites`, :mod:`!aepack`, :mod:`!aetools`, " +":mod:`!aetypes`, :mod:`!applesingle`, :mod:`!appletrawmain`, " +":mod:`!appletrunner`, :mod:`!argvemulator`, :mod:`!Audio_mac`, " +":mod:`!autoGIL`, :mod:`!Carbon`, :mod:`!cfmfile`, :mod:`!CodeWarrior`, " +":mod:`!ColorPicker`, :mod:`!EasyDialogs`, :mod:`!Explorer`, :mod:`!Finder`, " +":mod:`!FrameWork`, :mod:`!findertools`, :mod:`!ic`, :mod:`!icglue`, " +":mod:`!icopen`, :mod:`!macerrors`, :mod:`!MacOS`, :mod:`!macfs`, " +":mod:`!macostools`, :mod:`!macresource`, :mod:`!MiniAEFrame`, :mod:`!Nav`, " +":mod:`!Netscape`, :mod:`!OSATerminology`, :mod:`!pimp`, " +":mod:`!PixMapWrapper`, :mod:`!StdSuites`, :mod:`!SystemEvents`, " +":mod:`!Terminal`, and :mod:`!terminalcommand`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3221 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes: IRIX" +msgstr "特定于 IRIX 的更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3223 +msgid "" +"A number of old IRIX-specific modules were deprecated and will be removed in" +" Python 3.0: :mod:`!al` and :mod:`!AL`, :mod:`!cd`, :mod:`!cddb`, " +":mod:`!cdplayer`, :mod:`!CL` and :mod:`!cl`, :mod:`!DEVICE`, :mod:`!ERRNO`, " +":mod:`!FILE`, :mod:`!FL` and :mod:`!fl`, :mod:`!flp`, :mod:`!fm`, " +":mod:`!GET`, :mod:`!GLWS`, :mod:`!GL` and :mod:`!gl`, :mod:`!IN`, " +":mod:`!IOCTL`, :mod:`!jpeg`, :mod:`!panelparser`, :mod:`!readcd`, :mod:`!SV`" +" and :mod:`!sv`, :mod:`!torgb`, :mod:`!videoreader`, and :mod:`!WAIT`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3253 +msgid "Porting to Python 2.6" +msgstr "移植到Python 2.6" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3255 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code:" +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的改变以及可能需要修改你的代码的其他问题修正:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3258 +msgid "" +"Classes that aren't supposed to be hashable should set ``__hash__ = None`` " +"in their definitions to indicate the fact." +msgstr "预期为不可哈希的类应当在其定义中设置 ``__hash__ = None`` 来指明这一点。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3265 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`__init__` method of :class:`collections.deque` now clears any " +"existing contents of the deque before adding elements from the iterable. " +"This change makes the behavior match ``list.__init__()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3270 +msgid "" +":meth:`object.__init__` previously accepted arbitrary arguments and keyword " +"arguments, ignoring them. In Python 2.6, this is no longer allowed and will" +" result in a :exc:`TypeError`. This will affect :meth:`__init__` methods " +"that end up calling the corresponding method on :class:`object` (perhaps " +"through using :func:`super`). See :issue:`1683368` for discussion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3277 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Decimal` constructor now accepts leading and trailing whitespace" +" when passed a string. Previously it would raise an :exc:`InvalidOperation`" +" exception. On the other hand, the :meth:`create_decimal` method of " +":class:`Context` objects now explicitly disallows extra whitespace, raising " +"a :exc:`ConversionSyntax` exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3284 +msgid "" +"Due to an implementation accident, if you passed a file path to the built-in" +" :func:`__import__` function, it would actually import the specified file." +" This was never intended to work, however, and the implementation now " +"explicitly checks for this case and raises an :exc:`ImportError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3290 +msgid "" +"C API: the :c:func:`PyImport_Import` and :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` " +"functions now default to absolute imports, not relative imports. This will " +"affect C extensions that import other modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3294 +msgid "" +"C API: extension data types that shouldn't be hashable should define their " +"``tp_hash`` slot to :c:func:`PyObject_HashNotImplemented`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3298 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module exception :exc:`socket.error` now inherits from " +":exc:`IOError`. Previously it wasn't a subclass of :exc:`StandardError` but" +" now it is, through :exc:`IOError`. (Implemented by Gregory P. Smith; " +":issue:`1706815`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3303 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpclib ` module no longer automatically converts" +" :class:`datetime.date` and :class:`datetime.time` to the " +":class:`xmlrpclib.DateTime ` type; the conversion " +"semantics were not necessarily correct for all applications. Code using " +":mod:`!xmlrpclib` should convert :class:`date` and :class:`~datetime.time` " +"instances. (:issue:`1330538`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3310 +msgid "" +"(3.0-warning mode) The :class:`Exception` class now warns when accessed " +"using slicing or index access; having :class:`Exception` behave like a tuple" +" is being phased out." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3314 +msgid "" +"(3.0-warning mode) inequality comparisons between two dictionaries or two " +"objects that don't implement comparison methods are reported as warnings. " +"``dict1 == dict2`` still works, but ``dict1 < dict2`` is being phased out." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3319 +msgid "" +"Comparisons between cells, which are an implementation detail of Python's " +"scoping rules, also cause warnings because such comparisons are forbidden " +"entirely in 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3323 +msgid "For applications that embed Python:" +msgstr "对于嵌入Python的应用程序：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3325 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` function was added in Python 2.6.6, letting " +"applications close a security hole when the existing " +":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` function was used. Check whether you're calling " +":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` and carefully consider whether the application " +"should be using :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` with *updatepath* set to false." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.6.6 中增加了 :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` 函数，这让应用可以弥补一个在使用现有 " +":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` 函数时会存在的安全漏洞。 请检查你是否有调用 :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` " +"并仔细考虑应用是否应当改用 :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` 并将 *updatepath* 设为假值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3338 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:3340 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article:" +" Georg Brandl, Steve Brown, Nick Coghlan, Ralph Corderoy, Jim Jewett, Kent " +"Johnson, Chris Lambacher, Martin Michlmayr, Antoine Pitrou, Brian Warner." +msgstr "" +"作者感谢以下人员对本文各种草稿给予的建议，更正和协助： Georg Brandl, Steve Brown, Nick Coghlan, Ralph " +"Corderoy, Jim Jewett, Kent Johnson, Chris Lambacher, Martin Michlmayr, " +"Antoine Pitrou, Brian Warner." + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1068 +msgid "universal newlines" +msgstr "universal newlines -- 通用换行" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.6.rst:1068 +msgid "What's new" +msgstr "新变化" diff --git a/whatsnew/2.7.po b/whatsnew/2.7.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f757f182 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/2.7.po @@ -0,0 +1,3990 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# zeroswan , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-28 01:51+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:3 +msgid "What's New in Python 2.7" +msgstr "Python 2.7 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:5 +msgid "A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca)" +msgstr "A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:52 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 2.7. Python 2.7 was " +"released on July 3, 2010." +msgstr "本文介绍了Python 2.7 的新功能。 Python 2.7 于2010年7月3日发布。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:55 +msgid "" +"Numeric handling has been improved in many ways, for both floating-point " +"numbers and for the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class. There are some useful " +"additions to the standard library, such as a greatly enhanced " +":mod:`unittest` module, the :mod:`argparse` module for parsing command-line " +"options, convenient :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` and " +":class:`~collections.Counter` classes in the :mod:`collections` module, and " +"many other improvements." +msgstr "" +"数字处理在许多方面得到了改进，包括浮点数和 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 类。标准库中有一些有用的补充，例如大大增强的 " +":mod:`unittest` 模块，用于解析命令行选项的 :mod:`argparse` 模块，在 :mod:`collections` 模块中方便的" +" :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` 和 :class:`~collections.Counter` " +"类，以及许多其他改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Python 2.7 is planned to be the last of the 2.x releases, so we worked on " +"making it a good release for the long term. To help with porting to Python " +"3, several new features from the Python 3.x series have been included in " +"2.7." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.7计划成为2.x版本的最后一个发布版本，因此我们努力使其成为长期支持的好版本。为了帮助迁移到Python " +"3，我们在2.7中包含了几个来自Python 3.x系列的新特性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:68 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of the new " +"features, but instead provides a convenient overview. For full details, you" +" should refer to the documentation for Python 2.7 at " +"https://docs.python.org. If you want to understand the rationale for the " +"design and implementation, refer to the PEP for a particular new feature or " +"the issue on https://bugs.python.org in which a change was discussed. " +"Whenever possible, \"What's New in Python\" links to the bug/patch item for " +"each change." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供新特性的完整规范说明，而是提供一个方便的概览。要了解完整的细节，请参阅Python " +"2.7的文档。如果你想了解有关设计和实现的具体考量，请参阅特定新特性的PEP或在https://bugs.python.org上讨论更改的问题。在可能的情况下，“What's" +" New in Python”链接到每个更改的错误修正/补丁项。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:80 +msgid "The Future for Python 2.x" +msgstr "Python 2.x的未来" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:82 +msgid "" +"Python 2.7 is the last major release in the 2.x series, as the Python " +"maintainers have shifted the focus of their new feature development efforts " +"to the Python 3.x series. This means that while Python 2 continues to " +"receive bug fixes, and to be updated to build correctly on new hardware and " +"versions of supported operated systems, there will be no new full feature " +"releases for the language or standard library." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.7 是 2.x 系列中的最后一个主版本，因为Python 维护人员已将新功能开发工作的重点转移到了 Python 3.x " +"系列中。这意味着，尽管 Python 2 会继续修复bug并更新，以便在新的硬件和支持操作系统版本上正确构建，但不会有新的功能发布。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:89 +msgid "" +"However, while there is a large common subset between Python 2.7 and Python " +"3, and many of the changes involved in migrating to that common subset, or " +"directly to Python 3, can be safely automated, some other changes (notably " +"those associated with Unicode handling) may require careful consideration, " +"and preferably robust automated regression test suites, to migrate " +"effectively." +msgstr "" +"然而，尽管在 Python 2.7 和 Python 3 之间有一个很大的公共子集，并且迁移到该公共子集或直接迁移到 Python 3 " +"所涉及的许多更改可以安全地自动化完成。但是一些其他更改（特别是那些与Unicode处理相关的更改）可能需要仔细考虑，并且最好用自动化回归测试套件进行健壮性测试，以便有效地迁移。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:96 +msgid "" +"This means that Python 2.7 will remain in place for a long time, providing a" +" stable and supported base platform for production systems that have not yet" +" been ported to Python 3. The full expected lifecycle of the Python 2.7 " +"series is detailed in :pep:`373`." +msgstr "" +"这意味着 Python2.7 将长期保留，为尚未移植到 Python 3 的生产系统提供一个稳定且受支持的基础平台。Python " +"2.7系列的预期完整生命周期在 :pep:`373` 中有详细介绍。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:101 +msgid "Some key consequences of the long-term significance of 2.7 are:" +msgstr "长期保留 2.7 版的的一些关键后果：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:103 +msgid "" +"As noted above, the 2.7 release has a much longer period of maintenance when" +" compared to earlier 2.x versions. Python 2.7 is currently expected to " +"remain supported by the core development team (receiving security updates " +"and other bug fixes) until at least 2020 (10 years after its initial " +"release, compared to the more typical support period of 18--24 months)." +msgstr "" +"如上所述，与早期的2.x版本相比，2.7版本的维护时间更长。目前，预计核心开发团队将继续支持Python " +"2.7（接收安全更新和其他错误修复），直到至少2020年（首次发布后10年，相比之下，通常的支持期为18--24个月）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:109 +msgid "" +"As the Python 2.7 standard library ages, making effective use of the Python " +"Package Index (either directly or via a redistributor) becomes more " +"important for Python 2 users. In addition to a wide variety of third party " +"packages for various tasks, the available packages include backports of new " +"modules and features from the Python 3 standard library that are compatible " +"with Python 2, as well as various tools and libraries that can make it " +"easier to migrate to Python 3. The `Python Packaging User Guide " +"`__ provides guidance on downloading and " +"installing software from the Python Package Index." +msgstr "" +"随着 Python 2.7 标准库的老化，有效地利用 Python 包索引（直接或通过重新分发者）对 Python 2 " +"用户来说变得更加重要。除了各种任务的第三方包之外，可用的包还包括与 Python 2 兼容的 Python 3 " +"标准库中的新模块和功能的后端移植，以及各种工具和库，这些工具和库可以让用户更容易迁移到 Python 3。 `Python 包用户指南 " +"`__ 提供了从 Python 包索引的下载和安装软件的指导。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:119 +msgid "" +"While the preferred approach to enhancing Python 2 is now the publication of" +" new packages on the Python Package Index, this approach doesn't necessarily" +" work in all cases, especially those related to network security. In " +"exceptional cases that cannot be handled adequately by publishing new or " +"updated packages on PyPI, the Python Enhancement Proposal process may be " +"used to make the case for adding new features directly to the Python 2 " +"standard library. Any such additions, and the maintenance releases where " +"they were added, will be noted in the :ref:`py27-maintenance-enhancements` " +"section below." +msgstr "" +"虽然现在增强 Python 2 " +"的首选方法是在Python包索引上发布新包，但这种方法不一定适用于所有情况，尤其是与网络安全相关的情况。在一些特殊情况下，如果在PyPI上发布新的或更新的包无法得到充分的处理，则可以使用Python增强建议过程来提出直接在Python" +" 2标准库中添加新功能。任何此类添加及其添加的维护版本将在下面的 :ref:`py27-maintenance-enhancements` 部分中注明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:129 +msgid "" +"For projects wishing to migrate from Python 2 to Python 3, or for library " +"and framework developers wishing to support users on both Python 2 and " +"Python 3, there are a variety of tools and guides available to help decide " +"on a suitable approach and manage some of the technical details involved. " +"The recommended starting point is the :ref:`pyporting-howto` HOWTO guide." +msgstr "" +"对于希望从 Python2 迁移到 Python3 的项目，或者对于希望同时支持 Python2 和 Python3 " +"用户的库和框架开发人员，可以使用各种工具和指南来帮助决定合适的方法并管理所涉及的一些技术细节。建议从 :ref:`pyporting-howto` " +"操作指南开始。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:137 +msgid "Changes to the Handling of Deprecation Warnings" +msgstr "对于弃用警告处理方式的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:139 +msgid "" +"For Python 2.7, a policy decision was made to silence warnings only of " +"interest to developers by default. :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and its " +"descendants are now ignored unless otherwise requested, preventing users " +"from seeing warnings triggered by an application. This change was also made" +" in the branch that became Python 3.2. (Discussed on stdlib-sig and carried " +"out in :issue:`7319`.)" +msgstr "" +"对于 Python 2.7，一个策略决定是默认情况下禁止只对开发人员有兴趣的警告。 现在，除非另有要求，否则将忽略 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 及其子类，以防止用户看到应用程序触发的警告。 这个更改也在成为Python 3.2 " +"的分歧点上进行了。 （在 stdlib-sig 上进行了讨论，并在 :issue:`7319` 中执行。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:146 +msgid "" +"In previous releases, :exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages were enabled by " +"default, providing Python developers with a clear indication of where their " +"code may break in a future major version of Python." +msgstr "" +"在以前的版本中，默认情况下启用了 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 消息，为 Python " +"开发人员提供了一个明确的指示，说明他们的代码可能在未来的 Python 主要版本中出现问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:151 +msgid "" +"However, there are increasingly many users of Python-based applications who " +"are not directly involved in the development of those applications. " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages are irrelevant to such users, making them" +" worry about an application that's actually working correctly and burdening " +"application developers with responding to these concerns." +msgstr "" +"然而，越来越多基于 Python 的应用程序的用户并不直接参与这些应用程序的开发。 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` " +"消息与这些用户无关，这让他们担心应用能否真正正常工作，并让应用开发人员承担起回应这些担忧的负担。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:158 +msgid "" +"You can re-enable display of :exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages by running " +"Python with the :option:`-Wdefault <-W>` (short form: :option:`-Wd <-W>`) " +"switch, or by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` environment variable to " +"``\"default\"`` (or ``\"d\"``) before running Python. Python code can also " +"re-enable them by calling ``warnings.simplefilter('default')``." +msgstr "" +"显示通过使用 :option:`-Wdefault<-W>` (简写: :option:`-Wd<-W>`) 开关运行 Python，或者在运行 " +"Python 之前将 :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` 环境变量设置为 ``\"default\"`` (或 " +"``\"d\"``)，可以重新启用 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 消息。 Python 代码也可以通过调用 " +"``warnings.simplefilter('default')`` 重新启用它们。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:165 +msgid "" +"The ``unittest`` module also automatically reenables deprecation warnings " +"when running tests." +msgstr "``unittest`` 模块还会在运行测试时自动重新启用弃用警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:170 +msgid "Python 3.1 Features" +msgstr "Python 3.1 特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Much as Python 2.6 incorporated features from Python 3.0, version 2.7 " +"incorporates some of the new features in Python 3.1. The 2.x series " +"continues to provide tools for migrating to the 3.x series." +msgstr "" +"就像 Python2.6 集成了 Python3.0 的特性一样，2.7版也集成了 Python3.1 中的一些新特性。2.x " +"系列继续提供迁移到3.x系列的工具。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:177 +msgid "A partial list of 3.1 features that were backported to 2.7:" +msgstr "3.1 功能的部分列表，这些功能已反向移植到 2.7：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:179 +msgid "The syntax for set literals (``{1,2,3}`` is a mutable set)." +msgstr "用于集合字面值的语法 (``{1,2,3}`` 是一个可变集合)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:180 +msgid "Dictionary and set comprehensions (``{i: i*2 for i in range(3)}``)." +msgstr "字典与集合推导式 (``{i: i*2 for i in range(3)}``)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:181 +msgid "Multiple context managers in a single :keyword:`with` statement." +msgstr "单个 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用多个上下文管理器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:182 +msgid "" +"A new version of the :mod:`io` library, rewritten in C for performance." +msgstr "一个 :mod:`io` 库的新版本，用 C 重写以提升性能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:183 +msgid "The ordered-dictionary type described in :ref:`pep-0372`." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-0372` 所描述的有序字典类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:184 +msgid "The new ``\",\"`` format specifier described in :ref:`pep-0378`." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-0378` 所描述的新的 ``\",\"`` 格式说明符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:185 +msgid "The :class:`memoryview` object." +msgstr ":class:`memoryview` 对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:186 +msgid "" +"A small subset of the :mod:`importlib` module, `described below <#importlib-" +"section>`__." +msgstr ":mod:`importlib` 模块的一个较小子集，`described below <#importlib-section>`__。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:188 +msgid "" +"The :func:`repr` of a float ``x`` is shorter in many cases: it's now based " +"on the shortest decimal string that's guaranteed to round back to ``x``. As" +" in previous versions of Python, it's guaranteed that ``float(repr(x))`` " +"recovers ``x``." +msgstr "" +"在很多情况下，浮点数 ``x`` 的 :func:`repr` 更短：现在它基于最短的十进制字符串 ，保证四舍五入到 ``x``。 与 Python " +"以前的版本一样，保证 ``float(repr(x))`` 能恢复到 ``x``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:192 +msgid "" +"Float-to-string and string-to-float conversions are correctly rounded. The " +":func:`round` function is also now correctly rounded." +msgstr "浮点数到字符串和字符串到浮点数的转换已正确舍入。 :func:`round` 函数现在也能正确舍入。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:194 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`PyCapsule` type, used to provide a C API for extension modules." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyCapsule` 类型，用于为扩展模块提供 C API 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:195 +msgid "The :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow` C API function." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow` C API 函数 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:197 +msgid "Other new Python3-mode warnings include:" +msgstr "其他新的 Python3 模式警告包括：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:199 +msgid "" +":func:`!operator.isCallable` and :func:`!operator.sequenceIncludes`, which " +"are not supported in 3.x, now trigger warnings." +msgstr "" +":func:`!operator.isCallable` 和 :func:`!operator.sequenceIncludes` 在 3.x " +"中不支持，现在会触发警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:201 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!-3` switch now automatically enables the :option:`!-Qwarn` " +"switch that causes warnings about using classic division with integers and " +"long integers." +msgstr "" +":option:`!-3` 开关现在会自动启用:option:`!-Qwarn` 开关，该开关会在使用经典整除法处理整数和长整数时发出警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:214 +msgid "PEP 372: Adding an Ordered Dictionary to collections" +msgstr "PEP 372：将有序字典 添加到收藏集" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Regular Python dictionaries iterate over key/value pairs in arbitrary order." +" Over the years, a number of authors have written alternative " +"implementations that remember the order that the keys were originally " +"inserted. Based on the experiences from those implementations, 2.7 " +"introduces a new :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` class in the " +":mod:`collections` module." +msgstr "" +"常规 Python 字典以任意顺序遍历键/值对。 多年来，许多作者编写了替代实现，以记住键最初插入的顺序。 基于这些实现的经验，2.7 在 " +":mod:`collections` 模块中引入了一个新的 :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` 类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:222 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` API provides the same interface as " +"regular dictionaries but iterates over keys and values in a guaranteed order" +" depending on when a key was first inserted::" +msgstr "" +":class:`~collections.OrderedDict` API 提供与普通字典相同的接口 " +"，但会根据键首次插入的时间，按一定顺序遍历键和值：：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:226 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import OrderedDict\n" +">>> d = OrderedDict([('first', 1),\n" +"... ('second', 2),\n" +"... ('third', 3)])\n" +">>> d.items()\n" +"[('first', 1), ('second', 2), ('third', 3)]" +msgstr "" +">>> from collections import OrderedDict\n" +">>> d = OrderedDict([('first', 1),\n" +"... ('second', 2),\n" +"... ('third', 3)])\n" +">>> d.items()\n" +"[('first', 1), ('second', 2), ('third', 3)]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:233 +msgid "" +"If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the original insertion position" +" is left unchanged::" +msgstr "如果新条目覆盖了现有条目，则原插入位置保持不变 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:236 +msgid "" +">>> d['second'] = 4\n" +">>> d.items()\n" +"[('first', 1), ('second', 4), ('third', 3)]" +msgstr "" +">>> d['second'] = 4\n" +">>> d.items()\n" +"[('first', 1), ('second', 4), ('third', 3)]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:240 +msgid "Deleting an entry and reinserting it will move it to the end::" +msgstr "删除条目并重新插入会将其移至末尾 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:242 +msgid "" +">>> del d['second']\n" +">>> d['second'] = 5\n" +">>> d.items()\n" +"[('first', 1), ('third', 3), ('second', 5)]" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:247 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~collections.OrderedDict.popitem` method has an optional *last* " +"argument that defaults to ``True``. If *last* is true, the most recently " +"added key is returned and removed; if it's false, the oldest key is " +"selected::" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~collections.OrderedDict.popitem` 方法有一个可选 *last* 参数 ，默认为 ``True`` 。如果" +" *last* 为真 ，则返回并删除最近添加的密钥；如果为 false ，则选择最旧的密钥 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:252 +msgid "" +">>> od = OrderedDict([(x,0) for x in range(20)])\n" +">>> od.popitem()\n" +"(19, 0)\n" +">>> od.popitem()\n" +"(18, 0)\n" +">>> od.popitem(last=False)\n" +"(0, 0)\n" +">>> od.popitem(last=False)\n" +"(1, 0)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Comparing two ordered dictionaries checks both the keys and values, and " +"requires that the insertion order was the same::" +msgstr "比较两个有序字典会同时检查键和值，并要求插入顺序相同 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:265 +msgid "" +">>> od1 = OrderedDict([('first', 1),\n" +"... ('second', 2),\n" +"... ('third', 3)])\n" +">>> od2 = OrderedDict([('third', 3),\n" +"... ('first', 1),\n" +"... ('second', 2)])\n" +">>> od1 == od2\n" +"False\n" +">>> # Move 'third' key to the end\n" +">>> del od2['third']; od2['third'] = 3\n" +">>> od1 == od2\n" +"True" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:278 +msgid "" +"Comparing an :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` with a regular dictionary " +"ignores the insertion order and just compares the keys and values." +msgstr "将 :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` 与普通字典进行比较时，会忽略插入顺序，只比较键和值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:281 +msgid "" +"How does the :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` work? It maintains a doubly " +"linked list of keys, appending new keys to the list as they're inserted. A " +"secondary dictionary maps keys to their corresponding list node, so deletion" +" doesn't have to traverse the entire linked list and therefore remains *O*\\" +" (1)." +msgstr "" +":class:`~collections.OrderedDict` 是如何工作的？它维护一个键的双链路列表，在插入新键时将其添加到列表中。二级字典 " +"将键映射到其对应的列表节点 ，因此删除时不必遍历整个链接列表，从而保持 *O*\\ (1)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:287 +msgid "" +"The standard library now supports use of ordered dictionaries in several " +"modules." +msgstr "现在，标准库支持在多个模块 中使用有序字典。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:290 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ConfigParser ` module uses them by default, meaning " +"that configuration files can now be read, modified, and then written back in" +" their original order." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ConfigParser ` 模块默认使用它们，这意味着现在可以按照原来的顺序读取、修改和写回配置文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:294 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict` method for " +":func:`collections.namedtuple` now returns an ordered dictionary with the " +"values appearing in the same order as the underlying tuple indices." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:298 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`json` module's :class:`~json.JSONDecoder` class constructor was " +"extended with an *object_pairs_hook* parameter to allow :class:`OrderedDict`" +" instances to be built by the decoder. Support was also added for third-" +"party tools like `PyYAML `_." +msgstr "" +":mod:`json` 模块的 :class:`~json.JSONDecoder` 类构造器扩展了一个 *object_pairs_hook* 形参 " +"，允许解码器构建 :class:`OrderedDict` 实例。此外，还添加了对第三方工具的支持，如 `PyYAML " +"`_ 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:306 +msgid ":pep:`372` - Adding an ordered dictionary to collections" +msgstr ":pep:`372` - 将有序词典添加到集合中" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:307 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Armin Ronacher and Raymond Hettinger; implemented by Raymond " +"Hettinger." +msgstr "PEP 由 Armin Ronacher 和 Raymond Hettinger 撰写，由 Raymond Hettinger 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:313 +msgid "PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator" +msgstr "PEP 378: 千位分隔符的格式说明符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:315 +msgid "" +"To make program output more readable, it can be useful to add separators to " +"large numbers, rendering them as 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 instead of " +"18446744073709551616." +msgstr "" +"为了使程序输出更易读，可以在大数字上添加分隔符，将其显示为 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 而不是 " +"18446744073709551616。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:319 +msgid "" +"The fully general solution for doing this is the :mod:`locale` module, which" +" can use different separators (\",\" in North America, \".\" in Europe) and " +"different grouping sizes, but :mod:`locale` is complicated to use and " +"unsuitable for multi-threaded applications where different threads are " +"producing output for different locales." +msgstr "" +"完全通用的解决方案是 :mod:`locale` 模块 ，它可以使用不同的分隔符（北美为\",\"，欧洲为\".\"）和不同的分组大小，但 " +":mod:`locale` 使用起来比较复杂，而且不适合多线程应用程序，因为不同的线程会为不同的本地生成输出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Therefore, a simple comma-grouping mechanism has been added to the mini-" +"language used by the :meth:`str.format` method. When formatting a floating-" +"point number, simply include a comma between the width and the precision::" +msgstr "" +"因此，在 :meth:`str.format` 方法使用的迷你语言中添加了一个简单的逗号分组机制。 在格式化浮点数时，只需在宽度和精度之间加上逗号 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:330 +msgid "" +">>> '{:20,.2f}'.format(18446744073709551616.0)\n" +"'18,446,744,073,709,551,616.00'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:333 +msgid "When formatting an integer, include the comma after the width:" +msgstr "格式化整数时，在宽度后面加上逗号：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:338 +msgid "" +"This mechanism is not adaptable at all; commas are always used as the " +"separator and the grouping is always into three-digit groups. The comma-" +"formatting mechanism isn't as general as the :mod:`locale` module, but it's " +"easier to use." +msgstr "" +"这种机制完全没有适应性；逗号总是用作分隔符，分组总是以三位数为一组。 逗号格式机制不如 :mod:`locale` 模块通用，但使用起来更方便。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:345 +msgid ":pep:`378` - Format Specifier for Thousands Separator" +msgstr ":pep:`378` - 千位分隔符的格式说明符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:346 +msgid "PEP written by Raymond Hettinger; implemented by Eric Smith." +msgstr "PEP 由 Raymond Hettinger 撰写，由 Eric Smith 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:349 +msgid "PEP 389: The argparse Module for Parsing Command Lines" +msgstr "PEP 389：用于解析命令行的 argparse 模块 " + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:351 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`argparse` module for parsing command-line arguments was added as a" +" more powerful replacement for the :mod:`optparse` module." +msgstr "用于解析命令-line参数的 :mod:`argparse` 模块是作为 :mod:`optparse` 模块更强大的替代功能而添加的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:355 +msgid "" +"This means Python now supports three different modules for parsing command-" +"line arguments: :mod:`getopt`, :mod:`optparse`, and :mod:`argparse`. The " +":mod:`getopt` module closely resembles the C library's :c:func:`!getopt` " +"function, so it remains useful if you're writing a Python prototype that " +"will eventually be rewritten in C. :mod:`optparse` becomes redundant, but " +"there are no plans to remove it because there are many scripts still using " +"it, and there's no automated way to update these scripts. (Making the " +":mod:`argparse` API consistent with :mod:`optparse`'s interface was " +"discussed but rejected as too messy and difficult.)" +msgstr "" +"这意味着 Python 现在支持三个不同的用来解析命令行参数的模块: :mod:`getopt`, :mod:`optparse` 和 " +":mod:`argparse`。 :mod:`getopt` 模块非常接近 C 库的 :c:func:`!getopt` 函数，因此它在你编写最终要用 " +"C 来重新编写的 Python 原型代码时很有用处。 :mod:`optparse` " +"已经变得冗余，但并没有移除它的计划因为许多脚本仍然在使用它，并且也没有自动化更新这些脚本的方式。 （让 :mod:`argparse` API 与 " +":mod:`optparse` 的接口保持一致的提议曾被讨论但因过于繁琐和困难而被拒绝。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:366 +msgid "" +"In short, if you're writing a new script and don't need to worry about " +"compatibility with earlier versions of Python, use :mod:`argparse` instead " +"of :mod:`optparse`." +msgstr "" +"简而言之，如果你是在编写新脚本并且不需要担心与 Python 较早版本的兼容性，请使用 :mod:`argparse` 而不是 " +":mod:`optparse`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:370 +msgid "Here's an example::" +msgstr "以下是为示例代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:372 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Command-line example.')\n" +"\n" +"# Add optional switches\n" +"parser.add_argument('-v', action='store_true', dest='is_verbose',\n" +" help='produce verbose output')\n" +"parser.add_argument('-o', action='store', dest='output',\n" +" metavar='FILE',\n" +" help='direct output to FILE instead of stdout')\n" +"parser.add_argument('-C', action='store', type=int, dest='context',\n" +" metavar='NUM', default=0,\n" +" help='display NUM lines of added context')\n" +"\n" +"# Allow any number of additional arguments.\n" +"parser.add_argument(nargs='*', action='store', dest='inputs',\n" +" help='input filenames (default is stdin)')\n" +"\n" +"args = parser.parse_args()\n" +"print args.__dict__" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:393 +msgid "" +"Unless you override it, :option:`!-h` and :option:`!--help` switches are " +"automatically added, and produce neatly formatted output::" +msgstr "除非你覆盖它，否则会自动添加 :option:`!-h` 和 :option:`!--help` 开关，并产生格式化良好的输出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:396 +msgid "" +"-> ./python.exe argparse-example.py --help\n" +"usage: argparse-example.py [-h] [-v] [-o FILE] [-C NUM] [inputs [inputs ...]]\n" +"\n" +"Command-line example.\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" inputs input filenames (default is stdin)\n" +"\n" +"optional arguments:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -v produce verbose output\n" +" -o FILE direct output to FILE instead of stdout\n" +" -C NUM display NUM lines of added context" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:410 +msgid "" +"As with :mod:`optparse`, the command-line switches and arguments are " +"returned as an object with attributes named by the *dest* parameters::" +msgstr "与 :mod:`optparse` 一样，命令行开关和参数将返回为一个具有通过 *dest* 形参所指定的属性的对象::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:413 +msgid "" +"-> ./python.exe argparse-example.py -v\n" +"{'output': None,\n" +" 'is_verbose': True,\n" +" 'context': 0,\n" +" 'inputs': []}\n" +"\n" +"-> ./python.exe argparse-example.py -v -o /tmp/output -C 4 file1 file2\n" +"{'output': '/tmp/output',\n" +" 'is_verbose': True,\n" +" 'context': 4,\n" +" 'inputs': ['file1', 'file2']}" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:425 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse` has much fancier validation than :mod:`optparse`; you can " +"specify an exact number of arguments as an integer, 0 or more arguments by " +"passing ``'*'``, 1 or more by passing ``'+'``, or an optional argument with " +"``'?'``. A top-level parser can contain sub-parsers to define subcommands " +"that have different sets of switches, as in ``svn commit``, ``svn " +"checkout``, etc. You can specify an argument's type as " +":class:`~argparse.FileType`, which will automatically open files for you and" +" understands that ``'-'`` means standard input or output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:437 +msgid ":mod:`argparse` documentation" +msgstr ":mod:`argparse` 文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:438 +msgid "The documentation page of the argparse module." +msgstr "argparse 模块的文档页面。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:440 +msgid ":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code`" +msgstr ":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:441 +msgid "" +"Part of the Python documentation, describing how to convert code that uses " +":mod:`optparse`." +msgstr "Python 文档的一部分，描述如何转换使用了 :mod:`optparse` 的代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:444 +msgid ":pep:`389` - argparse - New Command Line Parsing Module" +msgstr ":pep:`389` - argparse - 新的命令行解析模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:445 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven Bethard." +msgstr "PEP 由 Steven Bethard 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:448 +msgid "PEP 391: Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging" +msgstr "PEP 391: 基于字典的日志配置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:450 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`logging` module is very flexible; applications can define a tree " +"of logging subsystems, and each logger in this tree can filter out certain " +"messages, format them differently, and direct messages to a varying number " +"of handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:455 +msgid "" +"All this flexibility can require a lot of configuration. You can write " +"Python statements to create objects and set their properties, but a complex " +"set-up requires verbose but boring code. :mod:`logging` also supports a " +":func:`~logging.config.fileConfig` function that parses a file, but the file" +" format doesn't support configuring filters, and it's messier to generate " +"programmatically." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:462 +msgid "" +"Python 2.7 adds a :func:`~logging.config.dictConfig` function that uses a " +"dictionary to configure logging. There are many ways to produce a " +"dictionary from different sources: construct one with code; parse a file " +"containing JSON; or use a YAML parsing library if one is installed. For " +"more information see :ref:`logging-config-api`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:468 +msgid "" +"The following example configures two loggers, the root logger and a logger " +"named \"network\". Messages sent to the root logger will be sent to the " +"system log using the syslog protocol, and messages to the \"network\" logger" +" will be written to a :file:`network.log` file that will be rotated once the" +" log reaches 1MB." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:476 +msgid "" +"import logging\n" +"import logging.config\n" +"\n" +"configdict = {\n" +" 'version': 1, # Configuration schema in use; must be 1 for now\n" +" 'formatters': {\n" +" 'standard': {\n" +" 'format': ('%(asctime)s %(name)-15s '\n" +" '%(levelname)-8s %(message)s')}},\n" +"\n" +" 'handlers': {'netlog': {'backupCount': 10,\n" +" 'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',\n" +" 'filename': '/logs/network.log',\n" +" 'formatter': 'standard',\n" +" 'level': 'INFO',\n" +" 'maxBytes': 1000000},\n" +" 'syslog': {'class': 'logging.handlers.SysLogHandler',\n" +" 'formatter': 'standard',\n" +" 'level': 'ERROR'}},\n" +"\n" +" # Specify all the subordinate loggers\n" +" 'loggers': {\n" +" 'network': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['netlog']\n" +" }\n" +" },\n" +" # Specify properties of the root logger\n" +" 'root': {\n" +" 'handlers': ['syslog']\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"# Set up configuration\n" +"logging.config.dictConfig(configdict)\n" +"\n" +"# As an example, log two error messages\n" +"logger = logging.getLogger('/')\n" +"logger.error('Database not found')\n" +"\n" +"netlogger = logging.getLogger('network')\n" +"netlogger.error('Connection failed')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Three smaller enhancements to the :mod:`logging` module, all implemented by " +"Vinay Sajip, are:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:523 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` class now supports syslogging " +"over TCP. The constructor has a *socktype* parameter giving the type of " +"socket to use, either :const:`socket.SOCK_DGRAM` for UDP or " +":const:`socket.SOCK_STREAM` for TCP. The default protocol remains UDP." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:529 +msgid "" +":class:`~logging.Logger` instances gained a :meth:`~logging.Logger.getChild`" +" method that retrieves a descendant logger using a relative path. For " +"example, once you retrieve a logger by doing ``log = getLogger('app')``, " +"calling ``log.getChild('network.listen')`` is equivalent to " +"``getLogger('app.network.listen')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:535 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~logging.LoggerAdapter` class gained an " +":meth:`~logging.Logger.isEnabledFor` method that takes a *level* and returns" +" whether the underlying logger would process a message of that level of " +"importance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:544 +msgid ":pep:`391` - Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging" +msgstr ":pep:`391` - 基于字典的日志配置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:545 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Vinay Sajip." +msgstr "PEP 由 Vinay Sajip 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:548 +msgid "PEP 3106: Dictionary Views" +msgstr "PEP 3106: 字典视图" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:550 +msgid "" +"The dictionary methods :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:`~dict.values`, and " +":meth:`~dict.items` are different in Python 3.x. They return an object " +"called a :dfn:`view` instead of a fully materialized list." +msgstr "" +"字典方法 :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:`~dict.values`, and :meth:`~dict.items` 在 " +"Python 3.x 有所不同。 它们将返回名为 :dfn:`view` 的对象而不是完整的列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:554 +msgid "" +"It's not possible to change the return values of :meth:`~dict.keys`, " +":meth:`~dict.values`, and :meth:`~dict.items` in Python 2.7 because too much" +" code would break. Instead the 3.x versions were added under the new names " +":meth:`!viewkeys`, :meth:`!viewvalues`, and :meth:`!viewitems`." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.7 中不可能改变 :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:`~dict.values` 和 " +":meth:`~dict.items` 的返回值因为那会破坏大量已有代码。 作为替代 3.x 版本是以新名称 :meth:`!viewkeys`, " +":meth:`!viewvalues` 和 :meth:`!viewitems` 添加的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:562 +msgid "" +">>> d = dict((i*10, chr(65+i)) for i in range(26))\n" +">>> d\n" +"{0: 'A', 130: 'N', 10: 'B', 140: 'O', 20: ..., 250: 'Z'}\n" +">>> d.viewkeys()\n" +"dict_keys([0, 130, 10, 140, 20, 150, 30, ..., 250])" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:568 +msgid "" +"Views can be iterated over, but the key and item views also behave like " +"sets. The ``&`` operator performs intersection, and ``|`` performs a " +"union::" +msgstr "视图可以被迭代，但键和条目视图的行为也很像是集合。 ``&`` 运算符执行交集运算，``|`` 执行并集运算::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:572 +msgid "" +">>> d1 = dict((i*10, chr(65+i)) for i in range(26))\n" +">>> d2 = dict((i**.5, i) for i in range(1000))\n" +">>> d1.viewkeys() & d2.viewkeys()\n" +"set([0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0])\n" +">>> d1.viewkeys() | range(0, 30)\n" +"set([0, 1, 130, 3, 4, 5, 6, ..., 120, 250])" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:579 +msgid "" +"The view keeps track of the dictionary and its contents change as the " +"dictionary is modified::" +msgstr "视图会追踪字典及字典被修改时的内容变化::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:582 +msgid "" +">>> vk = d.viewkeys()\n" +">>> vk\n" +"dict_keys([0, 130, 10, ..., 250])\n" +">>> d[260] = '&'\n" +">>> vk\n" +"dict_keys([0, 130, 260, 10, ..., 250])" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:589 +msgid "" +"However, note that you can't add or remove keys while you're iterating over " +"the view::" +msgstr "但是，请注意在对视图进行迭代时你是不能添加或移除键的::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:592 +msgid "" +">>> for k in vk:\n" +"... d[k*2] = k\n" +"...\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:599 +msgid "" +"You can use the view methods in Python 2.x code, and the 2to3 converter will" +" change them to the standard :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:`~dict.values`, and " +":meth:`~dict.items` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:605 +msgid ":pep:`3106` - Revamping dict.keys(), .values() and .items()" +msgstr ":pep:`3106` - 改造 dict.keys(), .values() 和 .items()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:606 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum. Backported to 2.7 by Alexandre Vassalotti; " +":issue:`1967`." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Guido van Rossum 撰写。 由 Alexandre Vassalotti 反向移植到 2.7； :issue:`1967`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:611 +msgid "PEP 3137: The memoryview Object" +msgstr "PEP 3137: memoryview 对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:613 +msgid "" +"The :class:`memoryview` object provides a view of another object's memory " +"content that matches the :class:`bytes` type's interface." +msgstr ":class:`memoryview` 对象提供与 :class:`bytes` 类型的接口相匹配的另一个对象的内存内容的视图。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:616 +msgid "" +">>> import string\n" +">>> m = memoryview(string.letters)\n" +">>> m\n" +"\n" +">>> len(m) # Returns length of underlying object\n" +"52\n" +">>> m[0], m[25], m[26] # Indexing returns one byte\n" +"('a', 'z', 'A')\n" +">>> m2 = m[0:26] # Slicing returns another memoryview\n" +">>> m2\n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:631 +msgid "" +"The content of the view can be converted to a string of bytes or a list of " +"integers:" +msgstr "视图的内容可被转换为一个字节串或整数列表：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:634 +msgid "" +">>> m2.tobytes()\n" +"'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'\n" +">>> m2.tolist()\n" +"[97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, ... 121, 122]\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:643 +msgid "" +":class:`memoryview` objects allow modifying the underlying object if it's a " +"mutable object." +msgstr ":class:`memoryview` 对象允许对属于可变对象的下层对象进行修改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:646 +msgid "" +">>> m2[0] = 75\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: cannot modify read-only memory\n" +">>> b = bytearray(string.letters) # Creating a mutable object\n" +">>> b\n" +"bytearray(b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')\n" +">>> mb = memoryview(b)\n" +">>> mb[0] = '*' # Assign to view, changing the bytearray.\n" +">>> b[0:5] # The bytearray has been changed.\n" +"bytearray(b'*bcde')\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:664 +msgid ":pep:`3137` - Immutable Bytes and Mutable Buffer" +msgstr ":pep:`3137` - 不变字节和可变缓冲区" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:665 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Travis Oliphant, Antoine " +"Pitrou and others. Backported to 2.7 by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`2396`." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Guido van Rossum 撰写。 由 Travis Oliphant, Antoine Pitrou 等人实现。 由 Antoine" +" Pitrou 向下移植到 2.7; :issue:`2396`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:672 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:674 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:676 +msgid "" +"The syntax for set literals has been backported from Python 3.x. Curly " +"brackets are used to surround the contents of the resulting mutable set; set" +" literals are distinguished from dictionaries by not containing colons and " +"values. ``{}`` continues to represent an empty dictionary; use ``set()`` for" +" an empty set." +msgstr "" +"已从 Python 3.x 向下移植了集合字面值语法。 使用花括号来标记可变集合的内容；集合与字典的区别在于它不包含冒号及映射的值。 ``{}`` " +"仍然表示空字典；请使用 ``set()`` 来表示空集合。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:683 +msgid "" +">>> {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n" +"set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])\n" +">>> set() # empty set\n" +"set([])\n" +">>> {} # empty dict\n" +"{}" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:693 +msgid "Backported by Alexandre Vassalotti; :issue:`2335`." +msgstr "由 Alexandre Vassalotti 向下移植; :issue:`2335`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Dictionary and set comprehensions are another feature backported from 3.x, " +"generalizing list/generator comprehensions to use the literal syntax for " +"sets and dictionaries." +msgstr "字典与集合推导式是另一个从 3.x 向下移植的特性，对列表/生成器推导式进行一般化以针对集合与字典使用字面值语法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:699 +msgid "" +">>> {x: x*x for x in range(6)}\n" +"{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}\n" +">>> {('a'*x) for x in range(6)}\n" +"set(['', 'a', 'aa', 'aaa', 'aaaa', 'aaaaa'])" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:707 +msgid "Backported by Alexandre Vassalotti; :issue:`2333`." +msgstr "由 Alexandre Vassalotti 向下移植; :issue:`2333`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:709 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`with` statement can now use multiple context managers in one " +"statement. Context managers are processed from left to right and each one " +"is treated as beginning a new :keyword:`!with` statement. This means that::" +msgstr "" +"现在 :keyword:`with` 语句可以在一个语句中使用多个上下文管理器。 上下文管理器将按从左到右的顺序处理并且每个都会被视为开始一个新的 " +":keyword:`!with` 语句。 这意味着::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:714 +msgid "" +"with A() as a, B() as b:\n" +" ... suite of statements ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:717 +msgid "is equivalent to::" +msgstr "相当于::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:719 +msgid "" +"with A() as a:\n" +" with B() as b:\n" +" ... suite of statements ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:723 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!contextlib.nested` function provides a very similar function, so" +" it's no longer necessary and has been deprecated." +msgstr ":func:`!contextlib.nested` 函数提供了非常类似的功能，因此它不再必要并已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:726 +msgid "" +"(Proposed in https://codereview.appspot.com/53094; implemented by Georg " +"Brandl.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:729 +msgid "" +"Conversions between floating-point numbers and strings are now correctly " +"rounded on most platforms. These conversions occur in many different " +"places: :func:`str` on floats and complex numbers; the :class:`float` and " +":class:`complex` constructors; numeric formatting; serializing and " +"deserializing floats and complex numbers using the :mod:`marshal`, " +":mod:`pickle` and :mod:`json` modules; parsing of float and imaginary " +"literals in Python code; and :class:`~decimal.Decimal`-to-float conversion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:741 +msgid "" +"Related to this, the :func:`repr` of a floating-point number *x* now returns" +" a result based on the shortest decimal string that's guaranteed to round " +"back to *x* under correct rounding (with round-half-to-even rounding mode)." +" Previously it gave a string based on rounding x to 17 decimal digits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:749 +msgid "" +"The rounding library responsible for this improvement works on Windows and " +"on Unix platforms using the gcc, icc, or suncc compilers. There may be a " +"small number of platforms where correct operation of this code cannot be " +"guaranteed, so the code is not used on such systems. You can find out which" +" code is being used by checking :data:`sys.float_repr_style`, which will be" +" ``short`` if the new code is in use and ``legacy`` if it isn't." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Implemented by Eric Smith and Mark Dickinson, using David Gay's " +":file:`dtoa.c` library; :issue:`7117`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:760 +msgid "" +"Conversions from long integers and regular integers to floating point now " +"round differently, returning the floating-point number closest to the " +"number. This doesn't matter for small integers that can be converted " +"exactly, but for large numbers that will unavoidably lose precision, Python " +"2.7 now approximates more closely. For example, Python 2.6 computed the " +"following::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:767 +msgid "" +">>> n = 295147905179352891391\n" +">>> float(n)\n" +"2.9514790517935283e+20\n" +">>> n - long(float(n))\n" +"65535L" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:773 +msgid "" +"Python 2.7's floating-point result is larger, but much closer to the true " +"value::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:776 +msgid "" +">>> n = 295147905179352891391\n" +">>> float(n)\n" +"2.9514790517935289e+20\n" +">>> n - long(float(n))\n" +"-1L" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:782 +msgid "(Implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`3166`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Integer division is also more accurate in its rounding behaviours. (Also " +"implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1811`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:787 +msgid "" +"Implicit coercion for complex numbers has been removed; the interpreter will" +" no longer ever attempt to call a :meth:`!__coerce__` method on complex " +"objects. (Removed by Meador Inge and Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5211`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:791 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`str.format` method now supports automatic numbering of the " +"replacement fields. This makes using :meth:`str.format` more closely " +"resemble using ``%s`` formatting::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:795 +msgid "" +">>> '{}:{}:{}'.format(2009, 04, 'Sunday')\n" +"'2009:4:Sunday'\n" +">>> '{}:{}:{day}'.format(2009, 4, day='Sunday')\n" +"'2009:4:Sunday'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:800 +msgid "" +"The auto-numbering takes the fields from left to right, so the first " +"``{...}`` specifier will use the first argument to :meth:`str.format`, the " +"next specifier will use the next argument, and so on. You can't mix auto-" +"numbering and explicit numbering -- either number all of your specifier " +"fields or none of them -- but you can mix auto-numbering and named fields, " +"as in the second example above. (Contributed by Eric Smith; :issue:`5237`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:807 +msgid "" +"Complex numbers now correctly support usage with :func:`format`, and default" +" to being right-aligned. Specifying a precision or comma-separation applies " +"to both the real and imaginary parts of the number, but a specified field " +"width and alignment is applied to the whole of the resulting ``1.5+3j`` " +"output. (Contributed by Eric Smith; :issue:`1588` and :issue:`7988`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:814 +msgid "" +"The 'F' format code now always formats its output using uppercase " +"characters, so it will now produce 'INF' and 'NAN'. (Contributed by Eric " +"Smith; :issue:`3382`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:818 +msgid "" +"A low-level change: the :meth:`object.__format__` method now triggers a " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` if it's passed a format string, because the" +" :meth:`!__format__` method for :class:`object` converts the object to a " +"string representation and formats that. Previously the method silently " +"applied the format string to the string representation, but that could hide " +"mistakes in Python code. If you're supplying formatting information such as" +" an alignment or precision, presumably you're expecting the formatting to be" +" applied in some object-specific way. (Fixed by Eric Smith; :issue:`7994`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:828 +msgid "" +"The :func:`int` and :func:`!long` types gained a ``bit_length`` method that " +"returns the number of bits necessary to represent its argument in binary::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:832 +msgid "" +">>> n = 37\n" +">>> bin(n)\n" +"'0b100101'\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"6\n" +">>> n = 2**123-1\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"123\n" +">>> (n+1).bit_length()\n" +"124" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:843 +msgid "(Contributed by Fredrik Johansson and Victor Stinner; :issue:`3439`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:845 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`import` statement will no longer try an absolute import if a " +"relative import (e.g. ``from .os import sep``) fails. This fixes a bug, but" +" could possibly break certain :keyword:`!import` statements that were only " +"working by accident. (Fixed by Meador Inge; :issue:`7902`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:851 +msgid "" +"It's now possible for a subclass of the built-in :class:`!unicode` type to " +"override the :meth:`!__unicode__` method. (Implemented by Victor Stinner; " +":issue:`1583863`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:855 +msgid "" +"The :class:`bytearray` type's :meth:`~bytearray.translate` method now " +"accepts ``None`` as its first argument. (Fixed by Georg Brandl; " +":issue:`4759`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:861 +msgid "" +"When using :class:`@classmethod ` and :class:`@staticmethod " +"` to wrap methods as class or static methods, the wrapper " +"object now exposes the wrapped function as their :attr:`~method.__func__` " +"attribute. (Contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc, after a suggestion by " +"George Sakkis; :issue:`5982`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:869 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2466 +msgid "" +"When a restricted set of attributes were set using ``__slots__``, deleting " +"an unset attribute would not raise :exc:`AttributeError` as you would " +"expect. Fixed by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`7604`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:873 +msgid "" +"Two new encodings are now supported: \"cp720\", used primarily for Arabic " +"text; and \"cp858\", a variant of CP 850 that adds the euro symbol. (CP720 " +"contributed by Alexander Belchenko and Amaury Forgeot d'Arc in " +":issue:`1616979`; CP858 contributed by Tim Hatch in :issue:`8016`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:879 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!file` object will now set the :attr:`!filename` attribute on " +"the :exc:`IOError` exception when trying to open a directory on POSIX " +"platforms (noted by Jan Kaliszewski; :issue:`4764`), and now explicitly " +"checks for and forbids writing to read-only file objects instead of trusting" +" the C library to catch and report the error (fixed by Stefan Krah; " +":issue:`5677`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:886 +msgid "" +"The Python tokenizer now translates line endings itself, so the " +":func:`compile` built-in function now accepts code using any line-ending " +"convention. Additionally, it no longer requires that the code end in a " +"newline." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:891 +msgid "" +"Extra parentheses in function definitions are illegal in Python 3.x, meaning" +" that you get a syntax error from ``def f((x)): pass``. In Python3-warning " +"mode, Python 2.7 will now warn about this odd usage. (Noted by James " +"Lingard; :issue:`7362`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:896 +msgid "" +"It's now possible to create weak references to old-style class objects. " +"New-style classes were always weak-referenceable. (Fixed by Antoine Pitrou;" +" :issue:`8268`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:900 +msgid "" +"When a module object is garbage-collected, the module's dictionary is now " +"only cleared if no one else is holding a reference to the dictionary " +"(:issue:`7140`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:909 +msgid "Interpreter Changes" +msgstr "解释器改动" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:911 +msgid "" +"A new environment variable, :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS`, allows controlling " +"warnings. It should be set to a string containing warning settings, " +"equivalent to those used with the :option:`-W` switch, separated by commas. " +"(Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`7301`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:917 +msgid "" +"For example, the following setting will print warnings every time they " +"occur, but turn warnings from the :mod:`Cookie ` module into " +"an error. (The exact syntax for setting an environment variable varies " +"across operating systems and shells.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:924 +msgid "export PYTHONWARNINGS=all,error:::Cookie:0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:930 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:932 +msgid "Several performance enhancements have been added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:934 +msgid "" +"A new opcode was added to perform the initial setup for :keyword:`with` " +"statements, looking up the :meth:`~object.__enter__` and " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` methods. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:938 +msgid "" +"The garbage collector now performs better for one common usage pattern: when" +" many objects are being allocated without deallocating any of them. This " +"would previously take quadratic time for garbage collection, but now the " +"number of full garbage collections is reduced as the number of objects on " +"the heap grows. The new logic only performs a full garbage collection pass " +"when the middle generation has been collected 10 times and when the number " +"of survivor objects from the middle generation exceeds 10% of the number of " +"objects in the oldest generation. (Suggested by Martin von Löwis and " +"implemented by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`4074`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:949 +msgid "" +"The garbage collector tries to avoid tracking simple containers which can't " +"be part of a cycle. In Python 2.7, this is now true for tuples and dicts " +"containing atomic types (such as ints, strings, etc.). Transitively, a dict " +"containing tuples of atomic types won't be tracked either. This helps reduce" +" the cost of each garbage collection by decreasing the number of objects to " +"be considered and traversed by the collector. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou; :issue:`4688`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:958 +msgid "" +"Long integers are now stored internally either in base ``2**15`` or in base " +"``2**30``, the base being determined at build time. Previously, they were " +"always stored in base ``2**15``. Using base ``2**30`` gives significant " +"performance improvements on 64-bit machines, but benchmark results on 32-bit" +" machines have been mixed. Therefore, the default is to use base ``2**30`` " +"on 64-bit machines and base ``2**15`` on 32-bit machines; on Unix, there's a" +" new configure option :option:`!--enable-big-digits` that can be used to " +"override this default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:967 +msgid "" +"Apart from the performance improvements this change should be invisible to " +"end users, with one exception: for testing and debugging purposes there's a " +"new structseq :data:`!sys.long_info` that provides information about the " +"internal format, giving the number of bits per digit and the size in bytes " +"of the C type used to store each digit::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:974 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.long_info\n" +"sys.long_info(bits_per_digit=30, sizeof_digit=4)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:978 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4258`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson在 :issue:`4258` 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:980 +msgid "" +"Another set of changes made long objects a few bytes smaller: 2 bytes " +"smaller on 32-bit systems and 6 bytes on 64-bit. (Contributed by Mark " +"Dickinson; :issue:`5260`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:984 +msgid "" +"The division algorithm for long integers has been made faster by tightening " +"the inner loop, doing shifts instead of multiplications, and fixing an " +"unnecessary extra iteration. Various benchmarks show speedups of between 50%" +" and 150% for long integer divisions and modulo operations. (Contributed by " +"Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5512`.) Bitwise operations are also significantly " +"faster (initial patch by Gregory Smith; :issue:`1087418`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:993 +msgid "" +"The implementation of ``%`` checks for the left-side operand being a Python " +"string and special-cases it; this results in a 1--3% performance increase " +"for applications that frequently use ``%`` with strings, such as templating " +"libraries. (Implemented by Collin Winter; :issue:`5176`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:999 +msgid "" +"List comprehensions with an ``if`` condition are compiled into faster " +"bytecode. (Patch by Antoine Pitrou, back-ported to 2.7 by Jeffrey Yasskin; " +":issue:`4715`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"Converting an integer or long integer to a decimal string was made faster by" +" special-casing base 10 instead of using a generalized conversion function " +"that supports arbitrary bases. (Patch by Gawain Bolton; :issue:`6713`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1008 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!split`, :meth:`!replace`, :meth:`!rindex`, :meth:`!rpartition`, " +"and :meth:`!rsplit` methods of string-like types (strings, Unicode strings, " +"and :class:`bytearray` objects) now use a fast reverse-search algorithm " +"instead of a character-by-character scan. This is sometimes faster by a " +"factor of 10. (Added by Florent Xicluna; :issue:`7462` and :issue:`7622`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`!cPickle` modules now automatically intern the " +"strings used for attribute names, reducing memory usage of the objects " +"resulting from unpickling. (Contributed by Jake McGuire; :issue:`5084`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!cPickle` module now special-cases dictionaries, nearly halving " +"the time required to pickle them. (Contributed by Collin Winter; " +":issue:`5670`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1027 +msgid "New and Improved Modules" +msgstr "新增和改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"As in every release, Python's standard library received a number of " +"enhancements and bug fixes. Here's a partial list of the most notable " +"changes, sorted alphabetically by module name. Consult the :file:`Misc/NEWS`" +" file in the source tree for a more complete list of changes, or look " +"through the Subversion logs for all the details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1035 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bdb` module's base debugging class :class:`~bdb.Bdb` gained a " +"feature for skipping modules. The constructor now takes an iterable " +"containing glob-style patterns such as ``django.*``; the debugger will not " +"step into stack frames from a module that matches one of these patterns. " +"(Contributed by Maru Newby after a suggestion by Senthil Kumaran; " +":issue:`5142`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1043 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`binascii` module now supports the buffer API, so it can be used " +"with :class:`memoryview` instances and other similar buffer objects. " +"(Backported from 3.x by Florent Xicluna; :issue:`7703`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1047 +msgid "" +"Updated module: the :mod:`!bsddb` module has been updated from 4.7.2devel9 " +"to version 4.8.4 of `the pybsddb package " +"`__. The new version features " +"better Python 3.x compatibility, various bug fixes, and adds several new " +"BerkeleyDB flags and methods. (Updated by Jesús Cea Avión; :issue:`8156`. " +"The pybsddb changelog can be read at " +"https://hg.jcea.es/pybsddb/file/tip/ChangeLog.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1055 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bz2` module's :class:`~bz2.BZ2File` now supports the context " +"management protocol, so you can write ``with bz2.BZ2File(...) as f:``. " +"(Contributed by Hagen Fürstenau; :issue:`3860`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"New class: the :class:`~collections.Counter` class in the :mod:`collections`" +" module is useful for tallying data. :class:`~collections.Counter` " +"instances behave mostly like dictionaries but return zero for missing keys " +"instead of raising a :exc:`KeyError`:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1064 +msgid "" +">>> from collections import Counter\n" +">>> c = Counter()\n" +">>> for letter in 'here is a sample of english text':\n" +"... c[letter] += 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> c \n" +"Counter({' ': 6, 'e': 5, 's': 3, 'a': 2, 'i': 2, 'h': 2,\n" +"'l': 2, 't': 2, 'g': 1, 'f': 1, 'm': 1, 'o': 1, 'n': 1,\n" +"'p': 1, 'r': 1, 'x': 1})\n" +">>> c['e']\n" +"5\n" +">>> c['z']\n" +"0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1081 +msgid "" +"There are three additional :class:`~collections.Counter` methods. " +":meth:`~collections.Counter.most_common` returns the N most common elements " +"and their counts. :meth:`~collections.Counter.elements` returns an iterator" +" over the contained elements, repeating each element as many times as its " +"count. :meth:`~collections.Counter.subtract` takes an iterable and subtracts" +" one for each element instead of adding; if the argument is a dictionary or " +"another :class:`Counter`, the counts are subtracted. ::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1091 +msgid "" +">>> c.most_common(5)\n" +"[(' ', 6), ('e', 5), ('s', 3), ('a', 2), ('i', 2)]\n" +">>> c.elements() ->\n" +" 'a', 'a', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ',\n" +" 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'g', 'f', 'i', 'i',\n" +" 'h', 'h', 'm', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'n', 'p', 's',\n" +" 's', 's', 'r', 't', 't', 'x'\n" +">>> c['e']\n" +"5\n" +">>> c.subtract('very heavy on the letter e')\n" +">>> c['e'] # Count is now lower\n" +"-1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1104 +msgid "Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1696199`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"New class: :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` is described in the earlier " +"section :ref:`pep-0372`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"New method: The :class:`~collections.deque` data type now has a " +":meth:`~collections.deque.count` method that returns the number of contained" +" elements equal to the supplied argument *x*, and a " +":meth:`~collections.deque.reverse` method that reverses the elements of the " +"deque in-place. :class:`~collections.deque` also exposes its maximum length" +" as the read-only :attr:`~collections.deque.maxlen` attribute. (Both " +"features added by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1119 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~collections.namedtuple` class now has an optional *rename* " +"parameter. If *rename* is true, field names that are invalid because they've" +" been repeated or aren't legal Python identifiers will be renamed to legal " +"names that are derived from the field's position within the list of fields:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1130 +msgid "(Added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1818`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"Finally, the :class:`~collections.abc.Mapping` abstract base class now " +"returns :data:`NotImplemented` if a mapping is compared to another type that" +" isn't a :class:`Mapping`. (Fixed by Daniel Stutzbach; :issue:`8729`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1137 +msgid "" +"Constructors for the parsing classes in the :mod:`ConfigParser " +"` module now take an *allow_no_value* parameter, defaulting to" +" false; if true, options without values will be allowed. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1141 +msgid "" +">>> import ConfigParser, StringIO\n" +">>> sample_config = \"\"\"\n" +"... [mysqld]\n" +"... user = mysql\n" +"... pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid\n" +"... skip-bdb\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +">>> config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser(allow_no_value=True)\n" +">>> config.readfp(StringIO.StringIO(sample_config))\n" +">>> config.get('mysqld', 'user')\n" +"'mysql'\n" +">>> print config.get('mysqld', 'skip-bdb')\n" +"None\n" +">>> print config.get('mysqld', 'unknown')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"NoOptionError: No option 'unknown' in section: 'mysqld'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1159 +msgid "(Contributed by Mats Kindahl; :issue:`7005`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"Deprecated function: :func:`!contextlib.nested`, which allows handling more " +"than one context manager with a single :keyword:`with` statement, has been " +"deprecated, because the :keyword:`!with` statement now supports multiple " +"context managers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1166 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cookielib ` module now ignores cookies that have " +"an invalid version field, one that doesn't contain an integer value. (Fixed" +" by John J. Lee; :issue:`3924`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`copy` module's :func:`~copy.deepcopy` function will now correctly " +"copy bound instance methods. (Implemented by Robert Collins; " +":issue:`1515`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1174 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ctypes` module now always converts ``None`` to a C ``NULL`` " +"pointer for arguments declared as pointers. (Changed by Thomas Heller; " +":issue:`4606`.) The underlying `libffi library " +"`__ has been updated to version 3.0.9, " +"containing various fixes for different platforms. (Updated by Matthias " +"Klose; :issue:`8142`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1181 +msgid "" +"New method: the :mod:`datetime` module's :class:`~datetime.timedelta` class " +"gained a :meth:`~datetime.timedelta.total_seconds` method that returns the " +"number of seconds in the duration. (Contributed by Brian Quinlan; " +":issue:`5788`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"New method: the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class gained a " +":meth:`~decimal.Decimal.from_float` class method that performs an exact " +"conversion of a floating-point number to a :class:`!Decimal`. This exact " +"conversion strives for the closest decimal approximation to the floating-" +"point representation's value; the resulting decimal value will therefore " +"still include the inaccuracy, if any. For example, " +"``Decimal.from_float(0.1)`` returns " +"``Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')``. " +"(Implemented by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`4796`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"Comparing instances of :class:`~decimal.Decimal` with floating-point numbers" +" now produces sensible results based on the numeric values of the operands." +" Previously such comparisons would fall back to Python's default rules for " +"comparing objects, which produced arbitrary results based on their type. " +"Note that you still cannot combine :class:`!Decimal` and floating point in " +"other operations such as addition, since you should be explicitly choosing " +"how to convert between float and :class:`!Decimal`. (Fixed by Mark " +"Dickinson; :issue:`2531`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"The constructor for :class:`~decimal.Decimal` now accepts floating-point " +"numbers (added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`8257`) and non-European Unicode" +" characters such as Arabic-Indic digits (contributed by Mark Dickinson; " +":issue:`6595`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"Most of the methods of the :class:`~decimal.Context` class now accept " +"integers as well as :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances; the only exceptions" +" are the :meth:`~decimal.Context.canonical` and " +":meth:`~decimal.Context.is_canonical` methods. (Patch by Juan José Conti; " +":issue:`7633`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1215 +msgid "" +"When using :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances with a string's " +":meth:`~str.format` method, the default alignment was previously left-" +"alignment. This has been changed to right-alignment, which is more sensible" +" for numeric types. (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6857`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1220 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2484 +msgid "" +"Comparisons involving a signaling NaN value (or ``sNAN``) now signal " +":const:`~decimal.InvalidOperation` instead of silently returning a true or " +"false value depending on the comparison operator. Quiet NaN values (or " +"``NaN``) are now hashable. (Fixed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`7279`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`difflib` module now produces output that is more compatible with " +"modern :command:`diff`/:command:`patch` tools through one small change, " +"using a tab character instead of spaces as a separator in the header giving " +"the filename. (Fixed by Anatoly Techtonik; :issue:`7585`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"The Distutils ``sdist`` command now always regenerates the :file:`MANIFEST` " +"file, since even if the :file:`MANIFEST.in` or :file:`setup.py` files " +"haven't been modified, the user might have created some new files that " +"should be included. (Fixed by Tarek Ziadé; :issue:`8688`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1238 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`doctest` module's :const:`~doctest.IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` flag " +"will now ignore the name of the module containing the exception being " +"tested. (Patch by Lennart Regebro; :issue:`7490`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1242 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email` module's :class:`~email.message.Message` class will now " +"accept a Unicode-valued payload, automatically converting the payload to the" +" encoding specified by :attr:`!output_charset`. (Added by R. David Murray; " +":issue:`1368247`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~fractions.Fraction` class now accepts a single float or " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` instance, or two rational numbers, as arguments to" +" its constructor. (Implemented by Mark Dickinson; rationals added in " +":issue:`5812`, and float/decimal in :issue:`8294`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"Ordering comparisons (``<``, ``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``) between fractions and " +"complex numbers now raise a :exc:`TypeError`. This fixes an oversight, " +"making the :class:`~fractions.Fraction` match the other numeric types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"New class: :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` in the :mod:`ftplib` module provides " +"secure FTP connections using TLS encapsulation of authentication as well as " +"subsequent control and data transfers. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola; " +":issue:`2054`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1266 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~ftplib.FTP.storbinary` method for binary uploads can now restart" +" uploads thanks to an added *rest* parameter (patch by Pablo Mouzo; " +":issue:`6845`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"New class decorator: :func:`~functools.total_ordering` in the " +":mod:`functools` module takes a class that defines an :meth:`~object.__eq__`" +" method and one of :meth:`~object.__lt__`, :meth:`~object.__le__`, " +":meth:`~object.__gt__`, or :meth:`~object.__ge__`, and generates the missing" +" comparison methods. Since the :meth:`!__cmp__` method is being deprecated " +"in Python 3.x, this decorator makes it easier to define ordered classes. " +"(Added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`5479`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"New function: :func:`~functools.cmp_to_key` will take an old-style " +"comparison function that expects two arguments and return a new callable " +"that can be used as the *key* parameter to functions such as :func:`sorted`," +" :func:`min` and :func:`max`, etc. The primary intended use is to help with" +" making code compatible with Python 3.x. (Added by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1285 +msgid "" +"New function: the :mod:`gc` module's :func:`~gc.is_tracked` returns true if " +"a given instance is tracked by the garbage collector, false otherwise. " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`4688`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1289 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`gzip` module's :class:`~gzip.GzipFile` now supports the context " +"management protocol, so you can write ``with gzip.GzipFile(...) as f:`` " +"(contributed by Hagen Fürstenau; :issue:`3860`), and it now implements the " +":class:`io.BufferedIOBase` ABC, so you can wrap it with " +":class:`io.BufferedReader` for faster processing (contributed by Nir Aides; " +":issue:`7471`). It's also now possible to override the modification time " +"recorded in a gzipped file by providing an optional timestamp to the " +"constructor. (Contributed by Jacques Frechet; :issue:`4272`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1299 +msgid "" +"Files in gzip format can be padded with trailing zero bytes; the :mod:`gzip`" +" module will now consume these trailing bytes. (Fixed by Tadek Pietraszek " +"and Brian Curtin; :issue:`2846`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"New attribute: the :mod:`hashlib` module now has an :attr:`!algorithms` " +"attribute containing a tuple naming the supported algorithms. In Python 2.7," +" ``hashlib.algorithms`` contains ``('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', " +"'sha384', 'sha512')``. (Contributed by Carl Chenet; :issue:`7418`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1309 +msgid "" +"The default :class:`~http.client.HTTPResponse` class used by the " +":mod:`httplib ` module now supports buffering, resulting in much " +"faster reading of HTTP responses. (Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; " +":issue:`4879`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1313 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` and " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` classes now support a *source_address*" +" parameter, a ``(host, port)`` 2-tuple giving the source address that will " +"be used for the connection. (Contributed by Eldon Ziegler; :issue:`3972`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!ihooks` module now supports relative imports. Note that " +":mod:`!ihooks` is an older module for customizing imports, superseded by the" +" :mod:`!imputil` module added in Python 2.0. (Relative import support added " +"by Neil Schemenauer.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1325 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`imaplib` module now supports IPv6 addresses. (Contributed by Derek" +" Morr; :issue:`1655`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"New function: the :mod:`inspect` module's :func:`~inspect.getcallargs` takes" +" a callable and its positional and keyword arguments, and figures out which " +"of the callable's parameters will receive each argument, returning a " +"dictionary mapping argument names to their values. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1333 +msgid "" +">>> from inspect import getcallargs\n" +">>> def f(a, b=1, *pos, **named):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> getcallargs(f, 1, 2, 3)\n" +"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'pos': (3,), 'named': {}}\n" +">>> getcallargs(f, a=2, x=4)\n" +"{'a': 2, 'b': 1, 'pos': (), 'named': {'x': 4}}\n" +">>> getcallargs(f)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +"...\n" +"TypeError: f() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1346 +msgid "Contributed by George Sakkis; :issue:`3135`." +msgstr "由 Georg Sakkis 在 :issue:`3135` 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"Updated module: The :mod:`io` library has been upgraded to the version " +"shipped with Python 3.1. For 3.1, the I/O library was entirely rewritten in" +" C and is 2 to 20 times faster depending on the task being performed. The " +"original Python version was renamed to the :mod:`!_pyio` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1353 +msgid "" +"One minor resulting change: the :class:`io.TextIOBase` class now has an " +":attr:`~io.TextIOBase.errors` attribute giving the error setting used for " +"encoding and decoding errors (one of ``'strict'``, ``'replace'``, " +"``'ignore'``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1358 +msgid "" +"The :class:`io.FileIO` class now raises an :exc:`OSError` when passed an " +"invalid file descriptor. (Implemented by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`4991`.)" +" The :meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` method now preserves the file position; " +"previously it would change the file position to the end of the new file. " +"(Fixed by Pascal Chambon; :issue:`6939`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1364 +msgid "" +"New function: ``itertools.compress(data, selectors)`` takes two iterators. " +"Elements of *data* are returned if the corresponding value in *selectors* is" +" true::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1368 +msgid "" +"itertools.compress('ABCDEF', [1,0,1,0,1,1]) =>\n" +" A, C, E, F" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1373 +msgid "" +"New function: ``itertools.combinations_with_replacement(iter, r)`` returns " +"all the possible *r*-length combinations of elements from the iterable " +"*iter*. Unlike :func:`~itertools.combinations`, individual elements can be " +"repeated in the generated combinations::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1378 +msgid "" +"itertools.combinations_with_replacement('abc', 2) =>\n" +" ('a', 'a'), ('a', 'b'), ('a', 'c'),\n" +" ('b', 'b'), ('b', 'c'), ('c', 'c')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"Note that elements are treated as unique depending on their position in the " +"input, not their actual values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"The :func:`itertools.count` function now has a *step* argument that allows " +"incrementing by values other than 1. :func:`~itertools.count` also now " +"allows keyword arguments, and using non-integer values such as floats or " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances. (Implemented by Raymond Hettinger; " +":issue:`5032`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1391 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.combinations` and :func:`itertools.product` previously " +"raised :exc:`ValueError` for values of *r* larger than the input iterable. " +"This was deemed a specification error, so they now return an empty iterator." +" (Fixed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`4816`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1396 +msgid "" +"Updated module: The :mod:`json` module was upgraded to version 2.0.9 of the " +"simplejson package, which includes a C extension that makes encoding and " +"decoding faster. (Contributed by Bob Ippolito; :issue:`4136`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1401 +msgid "" +"To support the new :class:`collections.OrderedDict` type, :func:`json.load` " +"now has an optional *object_pairs_hook* parameter that will be called with " +"any object literal that decodes to a list of pairs. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger; :issue:`5381`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`mailbox` module's :class:`~mailbox.Maildir` class now records the " +"timestamp on the directories it reads, and only re-reads them if the " +"modification time has subsequently changed. This improves performance by " +"avoiding unneeded directory scans. (Fixed by A.M. Kuchling and Antoine " +"Pitrou; :issue:`1607951`, :issue:`6896`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"New functions: the :mod:`math` module gained :func:`~math.erf` and " +":func:`~math.erfc` for the error function and the complementary error " +"function, :func:`~math.expm1` which computes ``e**x - 1`` with more " +"precision than using :func:`~math.exp` and subtracting 1, " +":func:`~math.gamma` for the Gamma function, and :func:`~math.lgamma` for the" +" natural log of the Gamma function. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and " +"nirinA raseliarison; :issue:`3366`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1420 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`multiprocessing` module's :class:`!Manager*` classes can now be " +"passed a callable that will be called whenever a subprocess is started, " +"along with a set of arguments that will be passed to the callable. " +"(Contributed by lekma; :issue:`5585`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool` class, which controls a pool of " +"worker processes, now has an optional *maxtasksperchild* parameter. Worker " +"processes will perform the specified number of tasks and then exit, causing " +"the :class:`!Pool` to start a new worker. This is useful if tasks may leak " +"memory or other resources, or if some tasks will cause the worker to become " +"very large. (Contributed by Charles Cazabon; :issue:`6963`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1434 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!nntplib` module now supports IPv6 addresses. (Contributed by " +"Derek Morr; :issue:`1664`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"New functions: the :mod:`os` module wraps the following POSIX system calls: " +":func:`~os.getresgid` and :func:`~os.getresuid`, which return the real, " +"effective, and saved GIDs and UIDs; :func:`~os.setresgid` and " +":func:`~os.setresuid`, which set real, effective, and saved GIDs and UIDs to" +" new values; :func:`~os.initgroups`, which initialize the group access list " +"for the current process. (GID/UID functions contributed by Travis H.; " +":issue:`6508`. Support for initgroups added by Jean-Paul Calderone; " +":issue:`7333`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.fork` function now re-initializes the import lock in the child" +" process; this fixes problems on Solaris when :func:`~os.fork` is called " +"from a thread. (Fixed by Zsolt Cserna; :issue:`7242`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"In the :mod:`os.path` module, the :func:`~os.path.normpath` and " +":func:`~os.path.abspath` functions now preserve Unicode; if their input path" +" is a Unicode string, the return value is also a Unicode string. " +"(:meth:`~os.path.normpath` fixed by Matt Giuca in :issue:`5827`; " +":meth:`~os.path.abspath` fixed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`3426`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1457 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pydoc` module now has help for the various symbols that Python " +"uses. You can now do ``help('<<')`` or ``help('@')``, for example. " +"(Contributed by David Laban; :issue:`4739`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1461 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`re` module's :func:`~re.split`, :func:`~re.sub`, and " +":func:`~re.subn` now accept an optional *flags* argument, for consistency " +"with the other functions in the module. (Added by Gregory P. Smith.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1465 +msgid "" +"New function: :func:`~runpy.run_path` in the :mod:`runpy` module will " +"execute the code at a provided *path* argument. *path* can be the path of a" +" Python source file (:file:`example.py`), a compiled bytecode file " +"(:file:`example.pyc`), a directory (:file:`./package/`), or a zip archive " +"(:file:`example.zip`). If a directory or zip path is provided, it will be " +"added to the front of ``sys.path`` and the module :mod:`__main__` will be " +"imported. It's expected that the directory or zip contains a " +":file:`__main__.py`; if it doesn't, some other :file:`__main__.py` might be " +"imported from a location later in ``sys.path``. This makes more of the " +"machinery of :mod:`runpy` available to scripts that want to mimic the way " +"Python's command line processes an explicit path name. (Added by Nick " +"Coghlan; :issue:`6816`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1479 +msgid "" +"New function: in the :mod:`shutil` module, :func:`~shutil.make_archive` " +"takes a filename, archive type (zip or tar-format), and a directory path, " +"and creates an archive containing the directory's contents. (Added by Tarek " +"Ziadé.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1484 +msgid "" +":mod:`shutil`'s :func:`~shutil.copyfile` and :func:`~shutil.copytree` " +"functions now raise a :exc:`~shutil.SpecialFileError` exception when asked " +"to copy a named pipe. Previously the code would treat named pipes like a " +"regular file by opening them for reading, and this would block indefinitely." +" (Fixed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`3002`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1490 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`signal` module no longer re-installs the signal handler unless " +"this is truly necessary, which fixes a bug that could make it impossible to " +"catch the EINTR signal robustly. (Fixed by Charles-Francois Natali; " +":issue:`8354`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"New functions: in the :mod:`site` module, three new functions return various" +" site- and user-specific paths. :func:`~site.getsitepackages` returns a list" +" containing all global site-packages directories, " +":func:`~site.getusersitepackages` returns the path of the user's site-" +"packages directory, and :func:`~site.getuserbase` returns the value of the " +":data:`~site.USER_BASE` environment variable, giving the path to a directory" +" that can be used to store data. (Contributed by Tarek Ziadé; " +":issue:`6693`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1506 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`site` module now reports exceptions occurring when the " +":mod:`sitecustomize` module is imported, and will no longer catch and " +"swallow the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception. (Fixed by Victor Stinner; " +":issue:`3137`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1511 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~socket.create_connection` function gained a *source_address* " +"parameter, a ``(host, port)`` 2-tuple giving the source address that will be" +" used for the connection. (Contributed by Eldon Ziegler; :issue:`3972`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into` and " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recvfrom_into` methods will now write into objects " +"that support the buffer API, most usefully the :class:`bytearray` and " +":class:`memoryview` objects. (Implemented by Antoine Pitrou; " +":issue:`8104`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1521 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`SocketServer ` module's " +":class:`~socketserver.TCPServer` class now supports socket timeouts and " +"disabling the Nagle algorithm. The :attr:`!disable_nagle_algorithm` class " +"attribute defaults to ``False``; if overridden to be true, new request " +"connections will have the TCP_NODELAY option set to prevent buffering many " +"small sends into a single TCP packet. The " +":attr:`~socketserver.BaseServer.timeout` class attribute can hold a timeout " +"in seconds that will be applied to the request socket; if no request is " +"received within that time, :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.handle_timeout` " +"will be called and :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.handle_request` will " +"return. (Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`6192` and " +":issue:`6267`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1533 +msgid "" +"Updated module: the :mod:`sqlite3` module has been updated to version 2.6.0 " +"of the `pysqlite package `__. Version " +"2.6.0 includes a number of bugfixes, and adds the ability to load SQLite " +"extensions from shared libraries. Call the ``enable_load_extension(True)`` " +"method to enable extensions, and then call " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.load_extension` to load a particular shared " +"library. (Updated by Gerhard Häring.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ssl` module's :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` objects now support the " +"buffer API, which fixed a test suite failure (fix by Antoine Pitrou; " +":issue:`7133`) and automatically set OpenSSL's " +":c:macro:`!SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY`, which will prevent an error code being " +"returned from :meth:`recv` operations that trigger an SSL renegotiation (fix" +" by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8222`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` constructor function now takes a " +"*ciphers* argument that's a string listing the encryption algorithms to be " +"allowed; the format of the string is described `in the OpenSSL documentation" +" `__. (Added by Antoine " +"Pitrou; :issue:`8322`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"Another change makes the extension load all of OpenSSL's ciphers and digest " +"algorithms so that they're all available. Some SSL certificates couldn't be" +" verified, reporting an \"unknown algorithm\" error. (Reported by Beda " +"Kosata, and fixed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8484`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1560 +msgid "" +"The version of OpenSSL being used is now available as the module attributes " +":const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string), :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` " +"(a 5-tuple), and :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer). (Added " +"by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8321`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1566 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`struct` module will no longer silently ignore overflow errors when" +" a value is too large for a particular integer format code (one of " +"``bBhHiIlLqQ``); it now always raises a :exc:`struct.error` exception. " +"(Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1523`.) The :func:`~struct.pack` " +"function will also attempt to use :meth:`~object.__index__` to convert and " +"pack non-integers before trying the :meth:`~object.__int__` method or " +"reporting an error. (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`8300`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1575 +msgid "" +"New function: the :mod:`subprocess` module's " +":func:`~subprocess.check_output` runs a command with a specified set of " +"arguments and returns the command's output as a string when the command runs" +" without error, or raises a :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` exception " +"otherwise." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1582 +msgid "" +">>> subprocess.check_output(['df', '-h', '.'])\n" +"'Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on\\n\n" +"/dev/disk0s2 52G 49G 3.0G 94% /\\n'\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.check_output(['df', '-h', '/bogus'])\n" +" ...\n" +"subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['df', '-h', '/bogus']' returned non-zero exit status 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1590 +msgid "(Contributed by Gregory P. Smith.)" +msgstr "（由 Gregory P. Smith 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1592 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`subprocess` module will now retry its internal system calls on " +"receiving an :const:`~errno.EINTR` signal. (Reported by several people; " +"final patch by Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`1068268`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"New function: :func:`~symtable.Symbol.is_declared_global` in the " +":mod:`symtable` module returns true for variables that are explicitly " +"declared to be global, false for ones that are implicitly global. " +"(Contributed by Jeremy Hylton.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1601 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2500 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`syslog` module will now use the value of ``sys.argv[0]`` as the " +"identifier instead of the previous default value of ``'python'``. (Changed " +"by Sean Reifschneider; :issue:`8451`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`sys.version_info` value is now a named tuple, with attributes " +"named :attr:`!major`, :attr:`!minor`, :attr:`!micro`, :attr:`!releaselevel`," +" and :attr:`!serial`. (Contributed by Ross Light; :issue:`4285`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1610 +msgid "" +":func:`sys.getwindowsversion` also returns a named tuple, with attributes " +"named :attr:`!major`, :attr:`!minor`, :attr:`!build`, :attr:`!platform`, " +":attr:`!service_pack`, :attr:`!service_pack_major`, " +":attr:`!service_pack_minor`, :attr:`!suite_mask`, and :attr:`!product_type`." +" (Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`7766`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1616 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2504 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module's default error handling has changed, to no longer" +" suppress fatal errors. The default error level was previously 0, which " +"meant that errors would only result in a message being written to the debug " +"log, but because the debug log is not activated by default, these errors go " +"unnoticed. The default error level is now 1, which raises an exception if " +"there's an error. (Changed by Lars Gustäbel; :issue:`7357`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1624 +msgid "" +":mod:`tarfile` now supports filtering the :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` objects " +"being added to a tar file. When you call :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.add`, you " +"may supply an optional *filter* argument that's a callable. The *filter* " +"callable will be passed the :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` for every file being " +"added, and can modify and return it. If the callable returns ``None``, the " +"file will be excluded from the resulting archive. This is more powerful " +"than the existing *exclude* argument, which has therefore been deprecated. " +"(Added by Lars Gustäbel; :issue:`6856`.) The :class:`~tarfile.TarFile` class" +" also now supports the context management protocol. (Added by Lars Gustäbel;" +" :issue:`7232`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1636 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~threading.Event.wait` method of the :class:`threading.Event` " +"class now returns the internal flag on exit. This means the method will " +"usually return true because :meth:`~threading.Event.wait` is supposed to " +"block until the internal flag becomes true. The return value will only be " +"false if a timeout was provided and the operation timed out. (Contributed by" +" Tim Lesher; :issue:`1674032`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1643 +msgid "" +"The Unicode database provided by the :mod:`unicodedata` module is now used " +"internally to determine which characters are numeric, whitespace, or " +"represent line breaks. The database also includes information from the " +":file:`Unihan.txt` data file (patch by Anders Chrigström and Amaury Forgeot " +"d'Arc; :issue:`1571184`) and has been updated to version 5.2.0 (updated by " +"Florent Xicluna; :issue:`8024`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1651 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2512 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`urlparse ` module's :func:`~urllib.parse.urlsplit` " +"now handles unknown URL schemes in a fashion compliant with :rfc:`3986`: if " +"the URL is of the form ``\"://...\"``, the text before the " +"``://`` is treated as the scheme, even if it's a made-up scheme that the " +"module doesn't know about. This change may break code that worked around " +"the old behaviour. For example, Python 2.6.4 or 2.5 will return the " +"following:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1659 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2520 +msgid "" +">>> import urlparse\n" +">>> urlparse.urlsplit('invented://host/filename?query')\n" +"('invented', '', '//host/filename?query', '', '')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1666 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2527 +msgid "Python 2.7 (and Python 2.6.5) will return:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1668 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2529 +msgid "" +">>> import urlparse\n" +">>> urlparse.urlsplit('invented://host/filename?query')\n" +"('invented', 'host', '/filename?query', '', '')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1675 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2536 +msgid "" +"(Python 2.7 actually produces slightly different output, since it returns a " +"named tuple instead of a standard tuple.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1678 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`urlparse ` module also supports IPv6 literal " +"addresses as defined by :rfc:`2732` (contributed by Senthil Kumaran; " +":issue:`2987`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1681 +msgid "" +">>> urlparse.urlparse('http://[1080::8:800:200C:417A]/foo')\n" +"ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='[1080::8:800:200C:417A]',\n" +" path='/foo', params='', query='', fragment='')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1688 +msgid "" +"New class: the :class:`~weakref.WeakSet` class in the :mod:`weakref` module " +"is a set that only holds weak references to its elements; elements will be " +"removed once there are no references pointing to them. (Originally " +"implemented in Python 3.x by Raymond Hettinger, and backported to 2.7 by " +"Michael Foord.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1694 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` library, no longer escapes ampersands and " +"angle brackets when outputting an XML processing instruction (which looks " +"like ````) or comment (which looks like " +"````). (Patch by Neil Muller; :issue:`2746`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1700 +msgid "" +"The XML-RPC client and server, provided by the :mod:`xmlrpclib " +"` and :mod:`SimpleXMLRPCServer ` modules, have" +" improved performance by supporting HTTP/1.1 keep-alive and by optionally " +"using gzip encoding to compress the XML being exchanged. The gzip " +"compression is controlled by the :attr:`!encode_threshold` attribute of " +":class:`~xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler`, which contains a size in" +" bytes; responses larger than this will be compressed. (Contributed by " +"Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`6267`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1709 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zipfile` module's :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` now supports the " +"context management protocol, so you can write ``with zipfile.ZipFile(...) as" +" f:``. (Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`5511`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1713 +msgid "" +":mod:`zipfile` now also supports archiving empty directories and extracts " +"them correctly. (Fixed by Kuba Wieczorek; :issue:`4710`.) Reading files out" +" of an archive is faster, and interleaving :meth:`read() " +"` and :meth:`readline() ` now " +"works correctly. (Contributed by Nir Aides; :issue:`7610`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1720 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~zipfile.is_zipfile` function now accepts a file object, in " +"addition to the path names accepted in earlier versions. (Contributed by " +"Gabriel Genellina; :issue:`4756`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1724 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.writestr` method now has an optional " +"*compress_type* parameter that lets you override the default compression " +"method specified in the :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` constructor. (Contributed" +" by Ronald Oussoren; :issue:`6003`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1737 +msgid "New module: importlib" +msgstr "新模块：importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"Python 3.1 includes the :mod:`importlib` package, a re-implementation of the" +" logic underlying Python's :keyword:`import` statement. :mod:`importlib` is " +"useful for implementers of Python interpreters and to users who wish to " +"write new importers that can participate in the import process. Python 2.7 " +"doesn't contain the complete :mod:`importlib` package, but instead has a " +"tiny subset that contains a single function, " +":func:`~importlib.import_module`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1747 +msgid "" +"``import_module(name, package=None)`` imports a module. *name* is a string " +"containing the module or package's name. It's possible to do relative " +"imports by providing a string that begins with a ``.`` character, such as " +"``..utils.errors``. For relative imports, the *package* argument must be " +"provided and is the name of the package that will be used as the anchor for " +"the relative import. :func:`~importlib.import_module` both inserts the " +"imported module into ``sys.modules`` and returns the module object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1756 +msgid "Here are some examples::" +msgstr "这是一些例子::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1758 +msgid "" +">>> from importlib import import_module\n" +">>> anydbm = import_module('anydbm') # Standard absolute import\n" +">>> anydbm\n" +"\n" +">>> # Relative import\n" +">>> file_util = import_module('..file_util', 'distutils.command')\n" +">>> file_util\n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1767 +msgid "" +":mod:`importlib` was implemented by Brett Cannon and introduced in Python " +"3.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1772 +msgid "New module: sysconfig" +msgstr "新模块：sysconfig" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1774 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sysconfig` module has been pulled out of the Distutils package, " +"becoming a new top-level module in its own right. :mod:`sysconfig` provides " +"functions for getting information about Python's build process: compiler " +"switches, installation paths, the platform name, and whether Python is " +"running from its source directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1781 +msgid "Some of the functions in the module are:" +msgstr "该模块中的部分函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1783 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_var` returns variables from Python's Makefile " +"and the :file:`pyconfig.h` file." +msgstr "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_var` 返回来自 Python 的 Makefile 和 " +":file:`pyconfig.h` 文件的变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1785 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_vars` returns a dictionary containing all of " +"the configuration variables." +msgstr ":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_vars` 返回一个包含所有配置变量的字典。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1787 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_path` returns the configured path for a particular " +"type of module: the standard library, site-specific modules, platform-" +"specific modules, etc." +msgstr ":func:`~sysconfig.get_path` 返回特定模块类型的配置路径：标准库、站点专属模块、平台专属模块等等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1790 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.is_python_build` returns true if you're running a binary " +"from a Python source tree, and false otherwise." +msgstr "" +":func:`~sysconfig.is_python_build` 会在你从 Python " +"源码树运行二进制可执行文件时返回真值，而在其他情况下返回假值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1793 +msgid "" +"Consult the :mod:`sysconfig` documentation for more details and for a " +"complete list of functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"The Distutils package and :mod:`sysconfig` are now maintained by Tarek " +"Ziadé, who has also started a Distutils2 package (source repository at " +"https://hg.python.org/distutils2/) for developing a next-generation version " +"of Distutils." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1803 +msgid "ttk: Themed Widgets for Tk" +msgstr "ttk：Tk 主题组件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"Tcl/Tk 8.5 includes a set of themed widgets that re-implement basic Tk " +"widgets but have a more customizable appearance and can therefore more " +"closely resemble the native platform's widgets. This widget set was " +"originally called Tile, but was renamed to Ttk (for \"themed Tk\") on being " +"added to Tcl/Tck release 8.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1811 +msgid "" +"To learn more, read the :mod:`~tkinter.ttk` module documentation. You may " +"also wish to read the Tcl/Tk manual page describing the Ttk theme engine, " +"available at https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/ttk_intro.html. Some " +"screenshots of the Python/Ttk code in use are at " +"https://code.google.com/archive/p/python-ttk/wikis/Screenshots.wiki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1818 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter.ttk` module was written by Guilherme Polo and added in " +":issue:`2983`. An alternate version called ``Tile.py``, written by Martin " +"Franklin and maintained by Kevin Walzer, was proposed for inclusion in " +":issue:`2618`, but the authors argued that Guilherme Polo's work was more " +"comprehensive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1828 +msgid "Updated module: unittest" +msgstr "更新的模块：unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1830 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` module was greatly enhanced; many new features were " +"added. Most of these features were implemented by Michael Foord, unless " +"otherwise noted. The enhanced version of the module is downloadable " +"separately for use with Python versions 2.4 to 2.6, packaged as the " +":mod:`!unittest2` package, from :pypi:`unittest2`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1836 +msgid "" +"When used from the command line, the module can automatically discover " +"tests. It's not as fancy as `py.test `__ or `nose " +"`__, but provides a simple way to run tests " +"kept within a set of package directories. For example, the following " +"command will search the :file:`test/` subdirectory for any importable test " +"files named ``test*.py``::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1843 +msgid "python -m unittest discover -s test" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"Consult the :mod:`unittest` module documentation for more details. " +"(Developed in :issue:`6001`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1848 +msgid "The :func:`~unittest.main` function supports some other new options:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1850 +msgid "" +":option:`-b ` or :option:`!--buffer` will buffer the standard " +"output and standard error streams during each test. If the test passes, any" +" resulting output will be discarded; on failure, the buffered output will be" +" displayed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1855 +msgid "" +":option:`-c ` or :option:`!--catch` will cause the control-C " +"interrupt to be handled more gracefully. Instead of interrupting the test " +"process immediately, the currently running test will be completed and then " +"the partial results up to the interruption will be reported. If you're " +"impatient, a second press of control-C will cause an immediate interruption." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"This control-C handler tries to avoid causing problems when the code being " +"tested or the tests being run have defined a signal handler of their own, by" +" noticing that a signal handler was already set and calling it. If this " +"doesn't work for you, there's a :func:`~unittest.removeHandler` decorator " +"that can be used to mark tests that should have the control-C handling " +"disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1869 +msgid "" +":option:`-f ` or :option:`!--failfast` makes test execution " +"stop immediately when a test fails instead of continuing to execute further " +"tests. (Suggested by Cliff Dyer and implemented by Michael Foord; " +":issue:`8074`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1874 +msgid "" +"The progress messages now show 'x' for expected failures and 'u' for " +"unexpected successes when run in verbose mode. (Contributed by Benjamin " +"Peterson.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1878 +msgid "" +"Test cases can raise the :exc:`~unittest.SkipTest` exception to skip a test " +"(:issue:`1034053`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1881 +msgid "" +"The error messages for :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertTrue`, and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertFalse` failures now provide more " +"information. If you set the :attr:`~unittest.TestCase.longMessage` " +"attribute of your :class:`~unittest.TestCase` classes to true, both the " +"standard error message and any additional message you provide will be " +"printed for failures. (Added by Michael Foord; :issue:`5663`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1888 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRaises` method now returns a context " +"handler when called without providing a callable object to run. For " +"example, you can write this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1892 +msgid "" +"with self.assertRaises(KeyError):\n" +" {}['foo']" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1895 +msgid "(Implemented by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`4444`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1899 +msgid "" +"Module- and class-level setup and teardown fixtures are now supported. " +"Modules can contain :func:`~unittest.setUpModule` and " +":func:`~unittest.tearDownModule` functions. Classes can have " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.tearDownClass` methods that must be defined as " +"class methods (using ``@classmethod`` or equivalent). These functions and " +"methods are invoked when the test runner switches to a test case in a " +"different module or class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1907 +msgid "" +"The methods :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.doCleanups` were added. " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` lets you add cleanup functions that " +"will be called unconditionally (after :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUp` if " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUp` fails, otherwise after " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.tearDown`). This allows for much simpler resource " +"allocation and deallocation during tests (:issue:`5679`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1915 +msgid "" +"A number of new methods were added that provide more specialized tests. " +"Many of these methods were written by Google engineers for use in their test" +" suites; Gregory P. Smith, Michael Foord, and GvR worked on merging them " +"into Python's version of :mod:`unittest`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1920 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNone` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNotNone` take one expression and verify " +"that the result is or is not ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1923 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIs` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNot` take two values and check whether the" +" two values evaluate to the same object or not. (Added by Michael Foord; " +":issue:`2578`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1927 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsInstance` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNotIsInstance` check whether the resulting " +"object is an instance of a particular class, or of one of a tuple of " +"classes. (Added by Georg Brandl; :issue:`7031`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1932 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertGreater`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertGreaterEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLess`, and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLessEqual` compare two quantities." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1936 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertMultiLineEqual` compares two strings, and if" +" they're not equal, displays a helpful comparison that highlights the " +"differences in the two strings. This comparison is now used by default when" +" Unicode strings are compared with :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1941 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertRegexpMatches() ` and " +":meth:`assertNotRegexpMatches() ` checks " +"whether the first argument is a string matching or not matching the regular " +"expression provided as the second argument (:issue:`8038`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1946 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertRaisesRegexp() ` checks " +"whether a particular exception is raised, and then also checks that the " +"string representation of the exception matches the provided regular " +"expression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1951 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIn` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNotIn` tests whether *first* is or is not in" +" *second*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1954 +msgid "" +":meth:`assertItemsEqual() ` tests " +"whether two provided sequences contain the same elements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1957 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSetEqual` compares whether two sets are " +"equal, and only reports the differences between the sets in case of error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1960 +msgid "" +"Similarly, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertListEqual` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertTupleEqual` compare the specified types and " +"explain any differences without necessarily printing their full values; " +"these methods are now used by default when comparing lists and tuples using " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`. More generally, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSequenceEqual` compares two sequences and " +"can optionally check whether both sequences are of a particular type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1968 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertDictEqual` compares two dictionaries and " +"reports the differences; it's now used by default when you compare two " +"dictionaries using :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`. " +":meth:`!assertDictContainsSubset` checks whether all of the key/value pairs " +"in *first* are found in *second*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1973 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertAlmostEqual` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNotAlmostEqual` test whether *first* and " +"*second* are approximately equal. This method can either round their " +"difference to an optionally specified number of *places* (the default is 7) " +"and compare it to zero, or require the difference to be smaller than a " +"supplied *delta* value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1979 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromName` properly honors the " +":attr:`~unittest.TestLoader.suiteClass` attribute of the " +":class:`~unittest.TestLoader`. (Fixed by Mark Roddy; :issue:`6866`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1983 +msgid "" +"A new hook lets you extend the :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual` method" +" to handle new data types. The " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addTypeEqualityFunc` method takes a type object " +"and a function. The function will be used when both of the objects being " +"compared are of the specified type. This function should compare the two " +"objects and raise an exception if they don't match; it's a good idea for the" +" function to provide additional information about why the two objects aren't" +" matching, much as the new sequence comparison methods do." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1992 +msgid "" +":func:`unittest.main` now takes an optional ``exit`` argument. If false, " +":func:`~unittest.main` doesn't call :func:`sys.exit`, allowing " +":func:`~unittest.main` to be used from the interactive interpreter. " +"(Contributed by J. Pablo Fernández; :issue:`3379`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:1997 +msgid "" +":class:`~unittest.TestResult` has new " +":meth:`~unittest.TestResult.startTestRun` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestResult.stopTestRun` methods that are called immediately" +" before and after a test run. (Contributed by Robert Collins; " +":issue:`5728`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"With all these changes, the :file:`unittest.py` was becoming awkwardly " +"large, so the module was turned into a package and the code split into " +"several files (by Benjamin Peterson). This doesn't affect how the module is" +" imported or used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20210619163128/http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/unittest2.shtml" +msgstr "" +"https://web.archive.org/web/20210619163128/http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/unittest2.shtml" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2009 +msgid "" +"Describes the new features, how to use them, and the rationale for various " +"design decisions. (By Michael Foord.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2015 +msgid "Updated module: ElementTree 1.3" +msgstr "更新的模块：ElementTree 1.3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2017 +msgid "" +"The version of the ElementTree library included with Python was updated to " +"version 1.3. Some of the new features are:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2020 +msgid "" +"The various parsing functions now take a *parser* keyword argument giving an" +" :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` instance that will be used. This" +" makes it possible to override the file's internal encoding::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2024 +msgid "" +"p = ET.XMLParser(encoding='utf-8')\n" +"t = ET.XML(\"\"\"\"\"\", parser=p)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2027 +msgid "" +"Errors in parsing XML now raise a :exc:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError` " +"exception, whose instances have a :attr:`!position` attribute containing a " +"(*line*, *column*) tuple giving the location of the problem." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2031 +msgid "" +"ElementTree's code for converting trees to a string has been significantly " +"reworked, making it roughly twice as fast in many cases. The " +":meth:`ElementTree.write() ` and " +":meth:`Element.write` methods now have a *method* parameter that can be " +"\"xml\" (the default), \"html\", or \"text\". HTML mode will output empty " +"elements as ```` instead of ````, and text mode will " +"skip over elements and only output the text chunks. If you set the " +":attr:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.tag` attribute of an element to " +"``None`` but leave its children in place, the element will be omitted when " +"the tree is written out, so you don't need to do more extensive " +"rearrangement to remove a single element." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2044 +msgid "" +"Namespace handling has also been improved. All ``xmlns:`` " +"declarations are now output on the root element, not scattered throughout " +"the resulting XML. You can set the default namespace for a tree by setting " +"the :attr:`default_namespace` attribute and can register new prefixes with " +":meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.register_namespace`. In XML mode, you can use" +" the true/false *xml_declaration* parameter to suppress the XML declaration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2052 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` method: " +":meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.extend` appends the items from a " +"sequence to the element's children. Elements themselves behave like " +"sequences, so it's easy to move children from one element to another::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2058 +msgid "" +"from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET\n" +"\n" +"t = ET.XML(\"\"\"\n" +" 1 2 3\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +"new = ET.XML('')\n" +"new.extend(t)\n" +"\n" +"# Outputs 1...\n" +"print ET.tostring(new)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2069 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` method: " +":meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.iter` yields the children of the " +"element as a generator. It's also possible to write ``for child in elem:`` " +"to loop over an element's children. The existing method " +":meth:`!getiterator` is now deprecated, as is :meth:`!getchildren` which " +"constructs and returns a list of children." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2076 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` method: " +":meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.itertext` yields all chunks of text " +"that are descendants of the element. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2080 +msgid "" +"t = ET.XML(\"\"\"\n" +" 1 2 3\n" +"\"\"\")\n" +"\n" +"# Outputs ['\\n ', '1', ' ', '2', ' ', '3', '\\n']\n" +"print list(t.itertext())" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2087 +msgid "" +"Deprecated: using an element as a Boolean (i.e., ``if elem:``) would return " +"true if the element had any children, or false if there were no children. " +"This behaviour is confusing -- ``None`` is false, but so is a childless " +"element? -- so it will now trigger a :exc:`FutureWarning`. In your code, " +"you should be explicit: write ``len(elem) != 0`` if you're interested in the" +" number of children, or ``elem is not None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2095 +msgid "" +"Fredrik Lundh develops ElementTree and produced the 1.3 version; you can " +"read his article describing 1.3 at " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20200703234532/http://effbot.org/zone/elementtree-13-intro.htm." +" Florent Xicluna updated the version included with Python, after discussions" +" on python-dev and in :issue:`6472`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2105 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2107 +msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" +msgstr "针对 Python 构建过程和 C API 的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"The latest release of the GNU Debugger, GDB 7, can be `scripted using Python" +" " +"`__." +" When you begin debugging an executable program P, GDB will look for a file " +"named ``P-gdb.py`` and automatically read it. Dave Malcolm contributed a " +":file:`python-gdb.py` that adds a number of commands useful when debugging " +"Python itself. For example, ``py-up`` and ``py-down`` go up or down one " +"Python stack frame, which usually corresponds to several C stack frames. " +"``py-print`` prints the value of a Python variable, and ``py-bt`` prints the" +" Python stack trace. (Added as a result of :issue:`8032`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2121 +msgid "" +"If you use the :file:`.gdbinit` file provided with Python, the \"pyo\" macro" +" in the 2.7 version now works correctly when the thread being debugged " +"doesn't hold the GIL; the macro now acquires it before printing. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`3632`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2126 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_AddPendingCall` is now thread-safe, letting any worker thread " +"submit notifications to the main Python thread. This is particularly useful" +" for asynchronous IO operations. (Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; " +":issue:`4293`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2131 +msgid "" +"New function: :c:func:`PyCode_NewEmpty` creates an empty code object; only " +"the filename, function name, and first line number are required. This is " +"useful for extension modules that are attempting to construct a more useful " +"traceback stack. Previously such extensions needed to call " +":c:func:`!PyCode_New`, which had many more arguments. (Added by Jeffrey " +"Yasskin.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2138 +msgid "" +"New function: :c:func:`PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc` creates a new exception " +"class, just as the existing :c:func:`PyErr_NewException` does, but takes an " +"extra ``char *`` argument containing the docstring for the new exception " +"class. (Added by 'lekma' on the Python bug tracker; :issue:`7033`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2144 +msgid "" +"New function: :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` takes a frame object and " +"returns the line number that the frame is currently executing. Previously " +"code would need to get the index of the bytecode instruction currently " +"executing, and then look up the line number corresponding to that address. " +"(Added by Jeffrey Yasskin.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2150 +msgid "" +"New functions: :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow` and " +":c:func:`PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow` approximates a Python long integer " +"as a C :c:expr:`long` or :c:expr:`long long`. If the number is too large to " +"fit into the output type, an *overflow* flag is set and returned to the " +"caller. (Contributed by Case Van Horsen; :issue:`7528` and :issue:`7767`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2157 +msgid "" +"New function: stemming from the rewrite of string-to-float conversion, a new" +" :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function was added. The old " +":c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_atof` functions are " +"now deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2162 +msgid "" +"New function: :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` sets the value of ``sys.argv`` and " +"can optionally update ``sys.path`` to include the directory containing the " +"script named by ``sys.argv[0]`` depending on the value of an *updatepath* " +"parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"This function was added to close a security hole for applications that embed" +" Python. The old function, :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv`, would always update " +"``sys.path``, and sometimes it would add the current directory. This meant " +"that, if you ran an application embedding Python in a directory controlled " +"by someone else, attackers could put a Trojan-horse module in the directory " +"(say, a file named :file:`os.py`) that your application would then import " +"and run." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2175 +msgid "" +"If you maintain a C/C++ application that embeds Python, check whether you're" +" calling :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` and carefully consider whether the " +"application should be using :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` with *updatepath* set" +" to false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2180 +msgid "" +"Security issue reported as :cve:`2008-5983`; discussed in :issue:`5753`, and" +" fixed by Antoine Pitrou." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2183 +msgid "" +"New macros: the Python header files now define the following macros: " +":c:macro:`Py_ISALNUM`, :c:macro:`Py_ISALPHA`, :c:macro:`Py_ISDIGIT`, " +":c:macro:`Py_ISLOWER`, :c:macro:`Py_ISSPACE`, :c:macro:`Py_ISUPPER`, " +":c:macro:`Py_ISXDIGIT`, :c:macro:`Py_TOLOWER`, and :c:macro:`Py_TOUPPER`. " +"All of these functions are analogous to the C standard macros for " +"classifying characters, but ignore the current locale setting, because in " +"several places Python needs to analyze characters in a locale-independent " +"way. (Added by Eric Smith; :issue:`5793`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2201 +msgid "" +"Removed function: :c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject` is now only available as a " +"macro. A function version was being kept around to preserve ABI linking " +"compatibility, but that was in 1997; it can certainly be deleted by now. " +"(Removed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8276`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2206 +msgid "" +"New format codes: the :c:func:`!PyString_FromFormat`, " +":c:func:`!PyString_FromFormatV`, and :c:func:`PyErr_Format` functions now " +"accept ``%lld`` and ``%llu`` format codes for displaying C's :c:expr:`long " +"long` types. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`7228`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2212 +msgid "" +"The complicated interaction between threads and process forking has been " +"changed. Previously, the child process created by :func:`os.fork` might " +"fail because the child is created with only a single thread running, the " +"thread performing the :func:`os.fork`. If other threads were holding a lock," +" such as Python's import lock, when the fork was performed, the lock would " +"still be marked as \"held\" in the new process. But in the child process " +"nothing would ever release the lock, since the other threads weren't " +"replicated, and the child process would no longer be able to perform " +"imports." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2222 +msgid "" +"Python 2.7 acquires the import lock before performing an :func:`os.fork`, " +"and will also clean up any locks created using the :mod:`threading` module." +" C extension modules that have internal locks, or that call " +":c:func:`fork()` themselves, will not benefit from this clean-up." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2228 +msgid "(Fixed by Thomas Wouters; :issue:`1590864`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2230 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_Finalize` function now calls the internal " +":func:`!threading._shutdown` function; this prevents some exceptions from " +"being raised when an interpreter shuts down. (Patch by Adam Olsen; " +":issue:`1722344`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2235 +msgid "" +"When using the :c:type:`PyMemberDef` structure to define attributes of a " +"type, Python will no longer let you try to delete or set a " +":c:macro:`T_STRING_INPLACE` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2241 +msgid "" +"Global symbols defined by the :mod:`ctypes` module are now prefixed with " +"``Py``, or with ``_ctypes``. (Implemented by Thomas Heller; :issue:`3102`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2245 +msgid "" +"New configure option: the :option:`!--with-system-expat` switch allows " +"building the :mod:`pyexpat ` module to use the system " +"Expat library. (Contributed by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; " +":issue:`7609`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2249 +msgid "" +"New configure option: the :option:`!--with-valgrind` option will now disable" +" the pymalloc allocator, which is difficult for the Valgrind memory-error " +"detector to analyze correctly. Valgrind will therefore be better at " +"detecting memory leaks and overruns. (Contributed by James Henstridge; " +":issue:`2422`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"New configure option: you can now supply an empty string to :option:`!--" +"with-dbmliborder=` in order to disable all of the various DBM modules. " +"(Added by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; :issue:`6491`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2261 +msgid "" +"The :program:`configure` script now checks for floating-point rounding bugs " +"on certain 32-bit Intel chips and defines a :c:macro:`X87_DOUBLE_ROUNDING` " +"preprocessor definition. No code currently uses this definition, but it's " +"available if anyone wishes to use it. (Added by Mark Dickinson; " +":issue:`2937`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2267 +msgid "" +":program:`configure` also now sets a :envvar:`LDCXXSHARED` Makefile variable" +" for supporting C++ linking. (Contributed by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar " +"Arahesis; :issue:`1222585`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2271 +msgid "" +"The build process now creates the necessary files for pkg-config support. " +"(Contributed by Clinton Roy; :issue:`3585`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2274 +msgid "" +"The build process now supports Subversion 1.7. (Contributed by Arfrever " +"Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; :issue:`6094`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2281 +msgid "Capsules" +msgstr "Capsule 对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2283 +msgid "" +"Python 3.1 adds a new C datatype, :c:type:`PyCapsule`, for providing a C API" +" to an extension module. A capsule is essentially the holder of a C ``void " +"*`` pointer, and is made available as a module attribute; for example, the " +":mod:`socket` module's API is exposed as ``socket.CAPI``, and " +":mod:`unicodedata` exposes ``ucnhash_CAPI``. Other extensions can import " +"the module, access its dictionary to get the capsule object, and then get " +"the ``void *`` pointer, which will usually point to an array of pointers to " +"the module's various API functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2292 +msgid "" +"There is an existing data type already used for this, :c:type:`!PyCObject`, " +"but it doesn't provide type safety. Evil code written in pure Python could " +"cause a segmentation fault by taking a :c:type:`!PyCObject` from module A " +"and somehow substituting it for the :c:type:`!PyCObject` in module B. " +"Capsules know their own name, and getting the pointer requires providing the" +" name:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"void *vtable;\n" +"\n" +"if (!PyCapsule_IsValid(capsule, \"mymodule.CAPI\") {\n" +" PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, \"argument type invalid\");\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"vtable = PyCapsule_GetPointer(capsule, \"mymodule.CAPI\");" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2310 +msgid "" +"You are assured that ``vtable`` points to whatever you're expecting. If a " +"different capsule was passed in, :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` would detect " +"the mismatched name and return false. Refer to :ref:`using-capsules` for " +"more information on using these objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2315 +msgid "" +"Python 2.7 now uses capsules internally to provide various extension-module " +"APIs, but the :c:func:`!PyCObject_AsVoidPtr` was modified to handle " +"capsules, preserving compile-time compatibility with the " +":c:type:`!PyCObject` interface. Use of :c:func:`!PyCObject_AsVoidPtr` will " +"signal a :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`, which is silent by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2322 +msgid "" +"Implemented in Python 3.1 and backported to 2.7 by Larry Hastings; discussed" +" in :issue:`5630`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2329 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes: Windows" +msgstr "特定于 Windows 的更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2331 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`msvcrt` module now contains some constants from the " +":file:`crtassem.h` header file: :data:`~msvcrt.CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION`, " +":data:`~msvcrt.VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN`, and " +":data:`~msvcrt.LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX`. (Contributed by David " +"Cournapeau; :issue:`4365`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2338 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`_winreg ` module for accessing the registry now implements" +" the :func:`~winreg.CreateKeyEx` and :func:`~winreg.DeleteKeyEx` functions, " +"extended versions of previously supported functions that take several extra " +"arguments. The :func:`~winreg.DisableReflectionKey`, " +":func:`~winreg.EnableReflectionKey`, and :func:`~winreg.QueryReflectionKey` " +"were also tested and documented. (Implemented by Brian Curtin: " +":issue:`7347`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2346 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`!_beginthreadex` API is used to start threads, and the " +"native thread-local storage functions are now used. (Contributed by Kristján" +" Valur Jónsson; :issue:`3582`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2350 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.kill` function now works on Windows. The signal value can be " +"the constants :const:`~signal.CTRL_C_EVENT`, " +":const:`~signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT`, or any integer. The first two constants " +"will send :kbd:`Control-C` and :kbd:`Control-Break` keystroke events to " +"subprocesses; any other value will use the :c:func:`!TerminateProcess` API." +" (Contributed by Miki Tebeka; :issue:`1220212`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2357 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.listdir` function now correctly fails for an empty path. " +"(Fixed by Hirokazu Yamamoto; :issue:`5913`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2360 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`mimetypes` module will now read the MIME database from the Windows" +" registry when initializing. (Patch by Gabriel Genellina; :issue:`4969`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2367 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X" +msgstr "特定于 Mac OS X 的更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2369 +msgid "" +"The path ``/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages`` is now appended to " +"``sys.path``, in order to share added packages between the system " +"installation and a user-installed copy of the same version. (Changed by " +"Ronald Oussoren; :issue:`4865`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2376 +msgid "" +"As of 2.7.13, this change was removed. ``/Library/Python/2.7/site-" +"packages``, the site-packages directory used by the Apple-supplied system " +"Python 2.7 is no longer appended to ``sys.path`` for user-installed Pythons " +"such as from the python.org installers. As of macOS 10.12, Apple changed " +"how the system site-packages directory is configured, which could cause " +"installation of pip components, like setuptools, to fail. Packages " +"installed for the system Python will no longer be shared with user-installed" +" Pythons. (:issue:`28440`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2387 +msgid "Port-Specific Changes: FreeBSD" +msgstr "特定于 FreeBSD 的更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2389 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD 7.1's :const:`!SO_SETFIB` constant, used with the " +":func:`~socket.socket` methods " +":func:`~socket.socket.getsockopt`/:func:`~socket.socket.setsockopt` to " +"select an alternate routing table, is now available in the :mod:`socket` " +"module. (Added by Kyle VanderBeek; :issue:`8235`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2395 +msgid "Other Changes and Fixes" +msgstr "其他的改变和修正" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2397 +msgid "" +"Two benchmark scripts, :file:`iobench` and :file:`ccbench`, were added to " +"the :file:`Tools` directory. :file:`iobench` measures the speed of the " +"built-in file I/O objects returned by :func:`open` while performing various " +"operations, and :file:`ccbench` is a concurrency benchmark that tries to " +"measure computing throughput, thread switching latency, and IO processing " +"bandwidth when performing several tasks using a varying number of threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2405 +msgid "" +"The :file:`Tools/i18n/msgfmt.py` script now understands plural forms in " +":file:`.po` files. (Fixed by Martin von Löwis; :issue:`5464`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2409 +msgid "" +"When importing a module from a :file:`.pyc` or :file:`.pyo` file with an " +"existing :file:`.py` counterpart, the :attr:`~codeobject.co_filename` " +"attributes of the resulting code objects are overwritten when the original " +"filename is obsolete. This can happen if the file has been renamed, moved, " +"or is accessed through different paths. (Patch by Ziga Seilnacht and Jean-" +"Paul Calderone; :issue:`1180193`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2416 +msgid "" +"The :file:`regrtest.py` script now takes a :option:`!--randseed=` switch " +"that takes an integer that will be used as the random seed for the " +":option:`!-r` option that executes tests in random order. The :option:`!-r` " +"option also reports the seed that was used (Added by Collin Winter.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2422 +msgid "" +"Another :file:`regrtest.py` switch is :option:`!-j`, which takes an integer " +"specifying how many tests run in parallel. This allows reducing the total " +"runtime on multi-core machines. This option is compatible with several other" +" options, including the :option:`!-R` switch which is known to produce long " +"runtimes. (Added by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`6152`.) This can also be used " +"with a new :option:`!-F` switch that runs selected tests in a loop until " +"they fail. (Added by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`7312`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2431 +msgid "" +"When executed as a script, the :file:`py_compile.py` module now accepts " +"``'-'`` as an argument, which will read standard input for the list of " +"filenames to be compiled. (Contributed by Piotr Ożarowski; :issue:`8233`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2439 +msgid "Porting to Python 2.7" +msgstr "移植到 Python 2.7" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2441 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code:" +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的改变以及可能需要修改你的代码的其他问题修正:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2444 +msgid "" +"The :func:`range` function processes its arguments more consistently; it " +"will now call :meth:`~object.__int__` on non-float, non-integer arguments " +"that are supplied to it. (Fixed by Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`1533`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2449 +msgid "" +"The string :meth:`format` method changed the default precision used for " +"floating-point and complex numbers from 6 decimal places to 12, which " +"matches the precision used by :func:`str`. (Changed by Eric Smith; " +":issue:`5920`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2454 +msgid "" +"Because of an optimization for the :keyword:`with` statement, the special " +"methods :meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` must belong " +"to the object's type, and cannot be directly attached to the object's " +"instance. This affects new-style classes (derived from :class:`object`) and" +" C extension types. (:issue:`6101`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2460 +msgid "" +"Due to a bug in Python 2.6, the *exc_value* parameter to " +":meth:`~object.__exit__` methods was often the string representation of the " +"exception, not an instance. This was fixed in 2.7, so *exc_value* will be " +"an instance as expected. (Fixed by Florent Xicluna; :issue:`7853`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2470 +msgid "In the standard library:" +msgstr "在标准库中:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2472 +msgid "" +"Operations with :class:`~datetime.datetime` instances that resulted in a " +"year falling outside the supported range didn't always raise " +":exc:`OverflowError`. Such errors are now checked more carefully and will " +"now raise the exception. (Reported by Mark Leander, patch by Anand B. Pillai" +" and Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`7150`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2478 +msgid "" +"When using :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances with a string's " +":meth:`format` method, the default alignment was previously left-alignment." +" This has been changed to right-alignment, which might change the output of" +" your programs. (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6857`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2490 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` library no longer escapes ampersands and " +"angle brackets when outputting an XML processing instruction (which looks " +"like ````) or comment (which looks like " +"````). (Patch by Neil Muller; :issue:`2746`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2496 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!readline` method of :class:`~io.StringIO` objects now does " +"nothing when a negative length is requested, as other file-like objects do." +" (:issue:`7348`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2539 +msgid "For C extensions:" +msgstr "对于C 扩展模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2541 +msgid "" +"C extensions that use integer format codes with the ``PyArg_Parse*`` family " +"of functions will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception instead of " +"triggering a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` (:issue:`5080`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2545 +msgid "" +"Use the new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function instead of the old " +":c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_atof` functions, which" +" are now deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2549 +msgid "For applications that embed Python:" +msgstr "对于嵌入Python的应用程序：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2551 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` function was added, letting applications " +"close a security hole when the existing :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` function " +"was used. Check whether you're calling :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv` and " +"carefully consider whether the application should be using " +":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` with *updatepath* set to false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2564 +msgid "New Features Added to Python 2.7 Maintenance Releases" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2566 +msgid "" +"New features may be added to Python 2.7 maintenance releases when the " +"situation genuinely calls for it. Any such additions must go through the " +"Python Enhancement Proposal process, and make a compelling case for why they" +" can't be adequately addressed by either adding the new feature solely to " +"Python 3, or else by publishing it on the Python Package Index." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2572 +msgid "" +"In addition to the specific proposals listed below, there is a general " +"exemption allowing new ``-3`` warnings to be added in any Python 2.7 " +"maintenance release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2578 +msgid "Two new environment variables for debug mode" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2580 +msgid "" +"In debug mode, the ``[xxx refs]`` statistic is not written by default, the " +":envvar:`!PYTHONSHOWREFCOUNT` environment variable now must also be set. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`31733`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2584 +msgid "" +"When Python is compiled with ``COUNT_ALLOC`` defined, allocation counts are " +"no longer dumped by default anymore: the :envvar:`!PYTHONSHOWALLOCCOUNT` " +"environment variable must now also be set. Moreover, allocation counts are " +"now dumped into stderr, rather than stdout. (Contributed by Victor Stinner; " +":issue:`31692`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2593 +msgid "PEP 434: IDLE Enhancement Exception for All Branches" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2595 +msgid "" +":pep:`434` describes a general exemption for changes made to the IDLE " +"development environment shipped along with Python. This exemption makes it " +"possible for the IDLE developers to provide a more consistent user " +"experience across all supported versions of Python 2 and 3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2600 +msgid "" +"For details of any IDLE changes, refer to the NEWS file for the specific " +"release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2605 +msgid "PEP 466: Network Security Enhancements for Python 2.7" +msgstr "PEP 466: 针对 Python 2.7 的网络安全加固" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2607 +msgid "" +":pep:`466` describes a number of network security enhancement proposals that" +" have been approved for inclusion in Python 2.7 maintenance releases, with " +"the first of those changes appearing in the Python 2.7.7 release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2611 +msgid ":pep:`466` related features added in Python 2.7.7:" +msgstr ":pep:`466` Python 2.7.7 中添加的相关功能：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2613 +msgid "" +":func:`hmac.compare_digest` was backported from Python 3 to make a timing " +"attack resistant comparison operation available to Python 2 applications. " +"(Contributed by Alex Gaynor; :issue:`21306`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2617 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL 1.0.1g was upgraded in the official Windows installers published on " +"python.org. (Contributed by Zachary Ware; :issue:`21462`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2620 +msgid ":pep:`466` related features added in Python 2.7.8:" +msgstr ":pep:`466` Python 2.7.8 中添加的相关功能：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2622 +msgid "" +":func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` was backported from Python 3 to make a hashing " +"algorithm suitable for secure password storage broadly available to Python 2" +" applications. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor; :issue:`21304`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2626 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL 1.0.1h was upgraded for the official Windows installers published on" +" python.org. (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`21671` for " +":cve:`2014-0224`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2629 +msgid ":pep:`466` related features added in Python 2.7.9:" +msgstr ":pep:`466` Python 2.7.9 中添加的相关功能：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2631 +msgid "" +"Most of Python 3.4's :mod:`ssl` module was backported. This means :mod:`ssl`" +" now supports Server Name Indication, TLS1.x settings, access to the " +"platform certificate store, the :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` class, and other " +"features. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor and David Reid; :issue:`21308`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2636 +msgid "" +"Refer to the \"Version added: 2.7.9\" notes in the module documentation for " +"specific details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2639 +msgid "" +":func:`os.urandom` was changed to cache a file descriptor to " +"``/dev/urandom`` instead of reopening ``/dev/urandom`` on every call. " +"(Contributed by Alex Gaynor; :issue:`21305`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2643 +msgid "" +":data:`hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed` and " +":data:`hashlib.algorithms_available` were backported from Python 3 to make " +"it easier for Python 2 applications to select the strongest available hash " +"algorithm. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`21307`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2650 +msgid "PEP 477: Backport ensurepip (PEP 453) to Python 2.7" +msgstr "PEP 477: 将 ensurepip (PEP 453) 向下移植到 Python 2.7" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2652 +msgid "" +":pep:`477` approves the inclusion of the :pep:`453` ensurepip module and the" +" improved documentation that was enabled by it in the Python 2.7 maintenance" +" releases, appearing first in the Python 2.7.9 release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2658 +msgid "Bootstrapping pip By Default" +msgstr "默认对 pip 进行初始配置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2660 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`ensurepip` module (defined in :pep:`453`) provides a standard " +"cross-platform mechanism to bootstrap the pip installer into Python " +"installations. The version of ``pip`` included with Python 2.7.9 is ``pip`` " +"1.5.6, and future 2.7.x maintenance releases will update the bundled version" +" to the latest version of ``pip`` that is available at the time of creating " +"the release candidate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2667 +msgid "" +"By default, the commands ``pip``, ``pipX`` and ``pipX.Y`` will be installed " +"on all platforms (where X.Y stands for the version of the Python " +"installation), along with the ``pip`` Python package and its dependencies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2671 +msgid "" +"For CPython :ref:`source builds on POSIX systems `," +" the ``make install`` and ``make altinstall`` commands do not bootstrap " +"``pip`` by default. This behaviour can be controlled through configure " +"options, and overridden through Makefile options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2676 +msgid "" +"On Windows and Mac OS X, the CPython installers now default to installing " +"``pip`` along with CPython itself (users may opt out of installing it during" +" the installation process). Window users will need to opt in to the " +"automatic ``PATH`` modifications to have ``pip`` available from the command " +"line by default, otherwise it can still be accessed through the Python " +"launcher for Windows as ``py -m pip``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 和 Mac OS X 上，现在 CPython 安装程序默认会将 ``pip`` 与 CPython " +"本身一同安装（用户可以在安装过程中选择不安装它）。 Window 用户需要选择执行 ``PATH`` 修改以使 ``pip`` " +"在命令行中默认可用，在其他情况下它仍然可以通过 Windows 版 Python 启动器以 ``py -m pip`` 的方式使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2683 +msgid "" +"As :pep:`discussed in the PEP <0477#disabling-ensurepip-by-downstream-" +"distributors>`, platform packagers may choose not to install these commands " +"by default, as long as, when invoked, they provide clear and simple " +"directions on how to install them on that platform (usually using the system" +" package manager)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2690 +msgid "Documentation Changes" +msgstr "文档更改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2692 +msgid "" +"As part of this change, the :ref:`installing-index` and :ref:`distributing-" +"index` sections of the documentation have been completely redesigned as " +"short getting started and FAQ documents. Most packaging documentation has " +"now been moved out to the Python Packaging Authority maintained `Python " +"Packaging User Guide `__ and the documentation" +" of the individual projects." +msgstr "" +"作为此项更改的一部分，文档的 :ref:`installing-index` 和 :ref:`distributing-index` " +"章节已经完全重新设计，快速入门和 FAQ 文档也是如此。 大部分打包指南文档现在都已被移至由 Python Packaging Authority " +"维护的 `Python Packaging User Guide `__ " +"以及相应的独立项目文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2700 +msgid "" +"However, as this migration is currently still incomplete, the legacy " +"versions of those guides remaining available as :ref:`install-index` and " +":ref:`setuptools-index`." +msgstr "" +"不过，由于目前迁移过程尚未完成，这些指南的旧版本仍然可通过 :ref:`install-index` 和 :ref:`setuptools-index`" +" 来访问。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2706 +msgid ":pep:`453` -- Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations" +msgstr ":pep:`453` -- Python安装中pip的显式引导" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2707 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Donald Stufft and Nick Coghlan, implemented by Donald Stufft," +" Nick Coghlan, Martin von Löwis and Ned Deily." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由Donald Stufft 和 Nick Coghlan 撰写，由 Donald Stufft，Nick Coghlan，Martin von" +" Löwis 和 Ned Deily 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2711 +msgid "" +"PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http " +"clients" +msgstr "PEP 476: 默认为 stdlib http 客户端启用证书验证" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2713 +msgid "" +":pep:`476` updated :mod:`httplib ` and modules which use it, such as " +":mod:`urllib2 ` and :mod:`xmlrpclib `, to now" +" verify that the server presents a certificate which is signed by a " +"Certificate Authority in the platform trust store and whose hostname matches" +" the hostname being requested by default, significantly improving security " +"for many applications. This change was made in the Python 2.7.9 release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2721 +msgid "" +"For applications which require the old previous behavior, they can pass an " +"alternate context::" +msgstr "对于需要之前版本的旧有行为的应用程序，可以传入一个替代的上下文::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2724 +msgid "" +"import urllib2\n" +"import ssl\n" +"\n" +"# This disables all verification\n" +"context = ssl._create_unverified_context()\n" +"\n" +"# This allows using a specific certificate for the host, which doesn't need\n" +"# to be in the trust store\n" +"context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=\"/path/to/file.crt\")\n" +"\n" +"urllib2.urlopen(\"https://invalid-cert\", context=context)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2738 +msgid "PEP 493: HTTPS verification migration tools for Python 2.7" +msgstr "PEP 493：适用于Python 2.7 的 HTTPS 验证迁移工具" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2740 +msgid "" +":pep:`493` provides additional migration tools to support a more incremental" +" infrastructure upgrade process for environments containing applications and" +" services relying on the historically permissive processing of server " +"certificates when establishing client HTTPS connections. These additions " +"were made in the Python 2.7.12 release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2746 +msgid "" +"These tools are intended for use in cases where affected applications and " +"services can't be modified to explicitly pass a more permissive SSL context " +"when establishing the connection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2750 +msgid "" +"For applications and services which can't be modified at all, the new " +"``PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY`` environment variable may be set to ``0`` to revert an " +"entire Python process back to the default permissive behaviour of Python " +"2.7.8 and earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2755 +msgid "" +"For cases where the connection establishment code can't be modified, but the" +" overall application can be, the new :func:`!ssl._https_verify_certificates`" +" function can be used to adjust the default behaviour at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2761 +msgid "New ``make regen-all`` build target" +msgstr "新增 ``make regen-all`` 构建目标" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2763 +msgid "" +"To simplify cross-compilation, and to ensure that CPython can reliably be " +"compiled without requiring an existing version of Python to already be " +"available, the autotools-based build system no longer attempts to implicitly" +" recompile generated files based on file modification times." +msgstr "" +"为了简化交叉编译，并确保 CPython 能够可靠地编译而不需要已存在可用的 Python 版本，基于 autotools " +"的构建系统将不再尝试根据文件修改时间隐式地重新编译已生成的文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2768 +msgid "" +"Instead, a new ``make regen-all`` command has been added to force " +"regeneration of these files when desired (e.g. after an initial version of " +"Python has already been built based on the pregenerated versions)." +msgstr "" +"取而代之的是，新增了一个 ``make regen-all`` 命令以便在需要时强制重新生成这些文件（例如在基于预生成版本构建了 Python " +"的初始版本之后）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2772 +msgid "" +"More selective regeneration targets are also defined - see " +":source:`Makefile.pre.in` for details." +msgstr "还定义了其他一些更具选择性的重生成目标 —— 详情参见 :source:`Makefile.pre.in`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2775 ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2788 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23404`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`23404` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2781 +msgid "Removal of ``make touch`` build target" +msgstr "移除了 ``make touch`` 构建目标" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2783 +msgid "" +"The ``make touch`` build target previously used to request implicit " +"regeneration of generated files by updating their modification times has " +"been removed." +msgstr "之前用于通过更新生成文件的修改时间来请求隐式的重新生成这些文件的 ``make touch`` 构建目标已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2786 +msgid "It has been replaced by the new ``make regen-all`` target." +msgstr "它已被新的 ``make regen-all`` 目标所替代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2797 +msgid "Acknowledgements" +msgstr "致谢" + +#: ../../whatsnew/2.7.rst:2799 +msgid "" +"The author would like to thank the following people for offering " +"suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article:" +" Nick Coghlan, Philip Jenvey, Ryan Lovett, R. David Murray, Hugh Secker-" +"Walker." +msgstr "" +"作者要感谢以下人员为本文的各种草案提供建议，更正和帮助： Nick Coghlan, Philip Jenvey, Ryan Lovett, R. " +"David Murray, Hugh Secker-Walker." diff --git a/whatsnew/3.0.po b/whatsnew/3.0.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be5203599 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.0.po @@ -0,0 +1,1671 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Lu , 2022 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.0" +msgstr "Python 3.0 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:7 +msgid "Guido van Rossum" +msgstr "Guido van Rossum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:54 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.0, compared to 2.6. " +"Python 3.0, also known as \"Python 3000\" or \"Py3K\", is the first ever " +"*intentionally backwards incompatible* Python release. Python 3.0 was " +"released on December 3, 2008. There are more changes than in a typical " +"release, and more that are important for all Python users. Nevertheless, " +"after digesting the changes, you'll find that Python really hasn't changed " +"all that much -- by and large, we're mostly fixing well-known annoyances and" +" warts, and removing a lot of old cruft." +msgstr "" +"本文介绍 Python 3.0 与 2.6 相比的新特性。 Python 3.0 也被称为 \"Python 3000\" 或 " +"\"Py3K\"，是有史以来第一个 *有意向下不兼容* 的 Python 版本。 Python 3.0 于 2008 年 12 月 3 日发布。 " +"与一般的发布版本相比，Python 3.0 有更多的变化，而且对所有 Python 用户都很重要。 不过，在理解了这些改动之后，您会发现 Python " +"其实并没有太大的变化 -- 总的来说，我们主要是修复了一些众所周知的问题和缺陷，并删除了许多旧的垃圾。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:63 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of all new " +"features, but instead tries to give a convenient overview. For full details," +" you should refer to the documentation for Python 3.0, and/or the many PEPs " +"referenced in the text. If you want to understand the complete " +"implementation and design rationale for a particular feature, PEPs usually " +"have more details than the regular documentation; but note that PEPs usually" +" are not kept up-to-date once a feature has been fully implemented." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供所有新特性的完整规范，而是试图提供一个方便的概述。 要了解完整的细节，您应该参考 Python 3.0 的文档和/或文中引用的许多 " +"PEP。 如果您想了解某个特性的完整实现和设计原理，PEP 通常比常规文档有更多的细节；但要注意的是，一旦某个特性被完全实现，PEP 通常不会保持更新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Due to time constraints this document is not as complete as it should have " +"been. As always for a new release, the ``Misc/NEWS`` file in the source " +"distribution contains a wealth of detailed information about every small " +"thing that was changed." +msgstr "" +"由于时间有限，本文档不够完整。 对于新发布的版本，源代码发行版中的 ``Misc/NEWS`` 文件总是包含大量关于每一个细小改动的详细信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:89 +msgid "Common Stumbling Blocks" +msgstr "常见的绊脚石" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:91 +msgid "" +"This section lists those few changes that are most likely to trip you up if " +"you're used to Python 2.5." +msgstr "本节列出了在你已习惯了 Python 2.5 的情况下最有可能让您感到困惑的几处更改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:95 +msgid "Print Is A Function" +msgstr "Print 是函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:97 +msgid "" +"The ``print`` statement has been replaced with a :func:`print` function, " +"with keyword arguments to replace most of the special syntax of the old " +"``print`` statement (:pep:`3105`). Examples::" +msgstr "" +"``print`` 语句已被 :func:`print` 函数取代，其关键字参数取代了旧 ``print`` 语句 (:pep:`3105`) " +"的大部分特殊语法。 示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Old: print \"The answer is\", 2*2\n" +"New: print(\"The answer is\", 2*2)\n" +"\n" +"Old: print x, # Trailing comma suppresses newline\n" +"New: print(x, end=\" \") # Appends a space instead of a newline\n" +"\n" +"Old: print # Prints a newline\n" +"New: print() # You must call the function!\n" +"\n" +"Old: print >>sys.stderr, \"fatal error\"\n" +"New: print(\"fatal error\", file=sys.stderr)\n" +"\n" +"Old: print (x, y) # prints repr((x, y))\n" +"New: print((x, y)) # Not the same as print(x, y)!" +msgstr "" +"旧: print \"The answer is\", 2*2\n" +"新: print(\"The answer is\", 2*2)\n" +"\n" +"旧: print x, # 末尾逗号将抑制换行符\n" +"新: print(x, end=\" \") # 添加一个空格代替换行符\n" +"\n" +"旧: print # 打印一个换行符\n" +"新: print() # 你必须调用函数！\n" +"\n" +"旧: print >>sys.stderr, \"fatal error\"\n" +"新: print(\"fatal error\", file=sys.stderr)\n" +"\n" +"旧: print (x, y) # 打印 repr((x, y))\n" +"新: print((x, y)) # 不同于 print(x, y)！" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:116 +msgid "You can also customize the separator between items, e.g.::" +msgstr "你还可以自定义条目间的分隔符，例如 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:118 +msgid "print(\"There are <\", 2**32, \"> possibilities!\", sep=\"\")" +msgstr "print(\"There are <\", 2**32, \"> possibilities!\", sep=\"\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:120 +msgid "which produces:" +msgstr "这将产生如下结果:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:122 +msgid "There are <4294967296> possibilities!" +msgstr "There are <4294967296> possibilities!" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:126 +msgid "Note:" +msgstr "注意" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:128 +msgid "" +"The :func:`print` function doesn't support the \"softspace\" feature of the " +"old ``print`` statement. For example, in Python 2.x, ``print \"A\\n\", " +"\"B\"`` would write ``\"A\\nB\\n\"``; but in Python 3.0, ``print(\"A\\n\", " +"\"B\")`` writes ``\"A\\n B\\n\"``." +msgstr "" +":func:`print` 函数不支持旧 ``print`` 语句的 \"softspace\" 功能。例如，在 Python 2.x " +"中，``print \"A\\n\", \"B\"`` 会写入 ``\"A\\nB\\n\"``；但在 Python 3.0 " +"中，``print(\"A\\n\", \"B\")`` 会写入 ``\"A\\n B\\n\"``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Initially, you'll be finding yourself typing the old ``print x`` a lot in " +"interactive mode. Time to retrain your fingers to type ``print(x)`` " +"instead!" +msgstr "最初，您会发现自己在交互模式下经常输入旧的 ``print x`` 。是时候重新训练你的手指以输入 ``print(x)`` 了！" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:137 +msgid "" +"When using the ``2to3`` source-to-source conversion tool, all ``print`` " +"statements are automatically converted to :func:`print` function calls, so " +"this is mostly a non-issue for larger projects." +msgstr "" +"使用 ``2to3`` 源代码到源代码转换工具时，所有 ``print`` 语句都会自动转换为 :func:`print` " +"函数调用，因此对于大型项目来说，这基本上不是问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:143 +msgid "Views And Iterators Instead Of Lists" +msgstr "用视图和迭代器取代列表" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:145 +msgid "Some well-known APIs no longer return lists:" +msgstr "某些知名的 API 将不再返回列表:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:147 +msgid "" +":class:`dict` methods :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.items` and " +":meth:`dict.values` return \"views\" instead of lists. For example, this no" +" longer works: ``k = d.keys(); k.sort()``. Use ``k = sorted(d)`` instead " +"(this works in Python 2.5 too and is just as efficient)." +msgstr "" +":class:`dict` 方法 :meth:`dict.keys`、:meth:`dict.items` 和 :meth:`dict.values` " +"返回 “视图” 而不是列表。 例如，这个写法不再有效: ``k = d.keys(); k.sort()``。 请使用 ``k = " +"sorted(d)`` 代替（这在 Python 2.5 中也有效，而且同样高效）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Also, the :meth:`!dict.iterkeys`, :meth:`!dict.iteritems` and " +":meth:`!dict.itervalues` methods are no longer supported." +msgstr "" +"此外，:meth:`!dict.iterkeys`, :meth:`!dict.iteritems` 和 " +":meth:`!dict.itervalues` 等方法将不再被支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:156 +msgid "" +":func:`map` and :func:`filter` return iterators. If you really need a list " +"and the input sequences are all of equal length, a quick fix is to wrap " +":func:`map` in :func:`list`, e.g. ``list(map(...))``, but a better fix is " +"often to use a list comprehension (especially when the original code uses " +":keyword:`lambda`), or rewriting the code so it doesn't need a list at all." +" Particularly tricky is :func:`map` invoked for the side effects of the " +"function; the correct transformation is to use a regular :keyword:`for` loop" +" (since creating a list would just be wasteful)." +msgstr "" +":func:`map` 和 :func:`filter` 均返回迭代器。 如果你确实需要一个列表并且所有输入序列的长度相等，简单的解决办法是将 " +":func:`map` 包装在 :func:`list` 中，例如 " +"``list(map(...))``，但更好的办法通常是使用列表推导式（特别是当原始代码使用了 :keyword:`lambda` " +"的时候），或是重写代码使得它完全不需要列表。 还有一种特殊技巧是将 :func:`map` 作为函数的附带影响被唤起；正确的转换方式是使用一个常规的 " +":keyword:`for` 循环（因为创建列表会浪费资源）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:167 +msgid "" +"If the input sequences are not of equal length, :func:`map` will stop at the" +" termination of the shortest of the sequences. For full compatibility with " +":func:`map` from Python 2.x, also wrap the sequences in " +":func:`itertools.zip_longest`, e.g. ``map(func, *sequences)`` becomes " +"``list(map(func, itertools.zip_longest(*sequences)))``." +msgstr "" +"如果输入序列的长度不相等，:func:`map` 将在最短序列的终点停止。 为了与 Python 2.x 中的 :func:`map` " +"完全兼容，也可将序列包装在 :func:`itertools.zip_longest` 中，例如将 ``map(func, *sequences)`` " +"变成 ``list(map(func, itertools.zip_longest(*sequences)))``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:173 +msgid "" +":func:`range` now behaves like :func:`!xrange` used to behave, except it " +"works with values of arbitrary size. The latter no longer exists." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`range` 的行为与过去 :func:`!xrange` 的行为类似，区别在于它能处理任意大小的值。 后者已不复存在。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:177 +msgid ":func:`zip` now returns an iterator." +msgstr ":func:`zip` 现在将返回一个迭代器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:180 +msgid "Ordering Comparisons" +msgstr "排序比较" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:182 +msgid "Python 3.0 has simplified the rules for ordering comparisons:" +msgstr "Python 3.0 简化了排序比较的规则：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:184 +msgid "" +"The ordering comparison operators (``<``, ``<=``, ``>=``, ``>``) raise a " +"TypeError exception when the operands don't have a meaningful natural " +"ordering. Thus, expressions like ``1 < ''``, ``0 > None`` or ``len <= len``" +" are no longer valid, and e.g. ``None < None`` raises :exc:`TypeError` " +"instead of returning ``False``. A corollary is that sorting a heterogeneous" +" list no longer makes sense -- all the elements must be comparable to each " +"other. Note that this does not apply to the ``==`` and ``!=`` operators: " +"objects of different incomparable types always compare unequal to each " +"other." +msgstr "" +"当操作数不存在有意义的自然排序时，排序比较操作符 (``<``, ``<=``, ``>=``, ``>``) 会引发 TypeError 异常。 " +"因此，像 ``1 < ''``, ``0 > None`` 或 ``len <= len`` 这样的表达式不再有效，例如 ``None < None``" +" 会引发 :exc:`TypeError` 而不是返回 ``False``。 由此推论，对异构列表进行排序不再有意义 —— 所有元素必须相互可比。 " +"请注意，这不适用于 ``==`` 和 ``!=`` 操作符：不同的不可比类型的对象总是互不相等的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:195 +msgid "" +":meth:`sorted` and :meth:`list.sort` no longer accept the *cmp* argument " +"providing a comparison function. Use the *key* argument instead. N.B. the " +"*key* and *reverse* arguments are now \"keyword-only\"." +msgstr "" +":meth:`sorted` 和 :meth:`list.sort` 不再接受提供比较函数的 *cmp* 参数。 请改用 *key* 参数。 注意 " +"*key* 和 *reverse* 参数现在都是“仅限关键字”参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:200 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!cmp` function should be treated as gone, and the " +":meth:`!__cmp__` special method is no longer supported. Use " +":meth:`~object.__lt__` for sorting, :meth:`~object.__eq__` with " +":meth:`~object.__hash__`, and other rich comparisons as needed. (If you " +"really need the :func:`!cmp` functionality, you could use the expression " +"``(a > b) - (a < b)`` as the equivalent for ``cmp(a, b)``.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!cmp` 函数应视为已不复存在，而 :meth:`!__cmp__` 特殊方法再不再受支持。 请使用 " +":meth:`~object.__lt__` 进行排序，并根据需要使用 :meth:`~object.__eq__` 与 " +":meth:`~object.__hash__`，以及其他富比较操作。 （如果你确实需要 :func:`!cmp` 的功能，你可以使用表达式 ``(a " +"> b) - (a < b)`` 作为 ``cmp(a, b)`` 的等价形式。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:207 +msgid "Integers" +msgstr "整数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:209 +msgid "" +":pep:`237`: Essentially, :class:`!long` renamed to :class:`int`. That is, " +"there is only one built-in integral type, named :class:`int`; but it behaves" +" mostly like the old :class:`!long` type." +msgstr "" +":pep:`237`: 在实质上，:class:`!long` 已改名为 :class:`int`。 也就是说，只存在一种内置整数类型，即 " +":class:`int`；但其行为与旧的 :class:`!long` 类型极其相似。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:213 +msgid "" +":pep:`238`: An expression like ``1/2`` returns a float. Use ``1//2`` to get" +" the truncating behavior. (The latter syntax has existed for years, at " +"least since Python 2.2.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`238`: 像 ``1/2`` 这样的表达式将返回一个浮点数。 请使用 ``1//2`` 来得到取整的行为。 " +"（后面这种语法已存在多年，至少从 Python 2.2 起就有了。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:217 +msgid "" +"The :data:`!sys.maxint` constant was removed, since there is no longer a " +"limit to the value of integers. However, :data:`sys.maxsize` can be used as" +" an integer larger than any practical list or string index. It conforms to " +"the implementation's \"natural\" integer size and is typically the same as " +":data:`!sys.maxint` in previous releases on the same platform (assuming the " +"same build options)." +msgstr "" +":data:`!sys.maxint` 常量已被移除，因为整数的值不再有任何限制。 不过，:data:`sys.maxsize` " +"也可被用作大于任何实际列表或字符串索引的整数。 它与具体实现的“自然”整数大小保持一致并且通常与同一平台上之前发布版中的 " +":data:`!sys.maxint` 相同（假定使用相同的构建选项）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:224 +msgid "" +"The :func:`repr` of a long integer doesn't include the trailing ``L`` " +"anymore, so code that unconditionally strips that character will chop off " +"the last digit instead. (Use :func:`str` instead.)" +msgstr "" +"长整数的 :func:`repr` 不再包括尾部的 ``L``，因此无条件地删除该字符的代码会删除最后一位数字。 （请使用 :func:`str` " +"代替。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:228 +msgid "" +"Octal literals are no longer of the form ``0720``; use ``0o720`` instead." +msgstr "八进制数字面值不再是 ``0720`` 的形式；而是改用 ``0o720`` 的形式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:232 +msgid "Text Vs. Data Instead Of Unicode Vs. 8-bit" +msgstr "文本与数据而不是 Unicode 与 8 比特位" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:234 +msgid "" +"Everything you thought you knew about binary data and Unicode has changed." +msgstr "你对二进制数据和 Unicode 的所有认知都已改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Python 3.0 uses the concepts of *text* and (binary) *data* instead of " +"Unicode strings and 8-bit strings. All text is Unicode; however *encoded* " +"Unicode is represented as binary data. The type used to hold text is " +":class:`str`, the type used to hold data is :class:`bytes`. The biggest " +"difference with the 2.x situation is that any attempt to mix text and data " +"in Python 3.0 raises :exc:`TypeError`, whereas if you were to mix Unicode " +"and 8-bit strings in Python 2.x, it would work if the 8-bit string happened " +"to contain only 7-bit (ASCII) bytes, but you would get " +":exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` if it contained non-ASCII values. This value-" +"specific behavior has caused numerous sad faces over the years." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.0 使用 *文本* 和 (二进制) *数据* 等概念来替代 Unicode 字符串和 8 位字符串。 所有文本均使用 " +"Unicode；不过 *已编码* Unicode 是以二进制数据来表示的。 用于存放文本的类型是 :class:`str`，用于存放数据的类型是 " +":class:`bytes`。 与 2.x 场景的最大区别是在 Python 3.0 中任何混用文本和数据的尝试都将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`，而当你在 Python 2.x 中混用 Unicode 和 8 位字符串时，如果 8 位字符串恰好仅包含 7 位 " +"(ASCII) 字节数据那就没有问题，但是如果包含非 ASCII 值则将引发 :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`。 " +"这种依赖于特定值的行为多年来造成了无数的苦恼。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:250 +msgid "" +"As a consequence of this change in philosophy, pretty much all code that " +"uses Unicode, encodings or binary data most likely has to change. The " +"change is for the better, as in the 2.x world there were numerous bugs " +"having to do with mixing encoded and unencoded text. To be prepared in " +"Python 2.x, start using :class:`!unicode` for all unencoded text, and " +":class:`str` for binary or encoded data only. Then the ``2to3`` tool will " +"do most of the work for you." +msgstr "" +"作为此项设计哲学方面的修改造成的影响，几乎所有使用 Unicode、编码格式或二进制数据的代码都很有可能必须被修改。 这项改变是有益的，因为在 2.x " +"世界中存在着无数涉及混用已编码和未编码文本的程序缺陷。 要在 Python 2.x 中做好准备，请使用 :class:`!unicode` " +"表示所有未编码文本，只对二进制或已编码数据使用 :class:`str`。 这样 ``2to3`` 工具将为你完成大部分工作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:258 +msgid "" +"You can no longer use ``u\"...\"`` literals for Unicode text. However, you " +"must use ``b\"...\"`` literals for binary data." +msgstr "你不能再使用 ``u\"...\"`` 字面值来表示 Unicode 文本。 不过，你必须使用 ``b\"...\"`` 字面值来表示二进制数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:261 +msgid "" +"As the :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` types cannot be mixed, you must " +"always explicitly convert between them. Use :meth:`str.encode` to go from " +":class:`str` to :class:`bytes`, and :meth:`bytes.decode` to go from " +":class:`bytes` to :class:`str`. You can also use ``bytes(s, encoding=...)``" +" and ``str(b, encoding=...)``, respectively." +msgstr "" +"由于 :class:`str` 和 :class:`bytes` 类型无法混用，你必须始终在它们之间执行显式转换。 使用 " +":meth:`str.encode` 将 :class:`str` 转为 :class:`bytes`，并使用 :meth:`bytes.decode`" +" 将 :class:`bytes` 转为 :class:`str`。 你也可以分别使用 ``bytes(s, encoding=...)`` 和 " +"``str(b, encoding=...)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:268 +msgid "" +"Like :class:`str`, the :class:`bytes` type is immutable. There is a " +"separate *mutable* type to hold buffered binary data, :class:`bytearray`. " +"Nearly all APIs that accept :class:`bytes` also accept :class:`bytearray`. " +"The mutable API is based on :class:`collections.MutableSequence " +"`." +msgstr "" +"与 :class:`str` 一样，:class:`bytes` 类型是不可变的。 还有一个单独的 *可变* 类型用于保存带缓冲的二进制数据，即 " +":class:`bytearray`。 几乎所有接受 :class:`bytes` 的 API 也都接受 :class:`bytearray`。 " +"这个可变 API 是基于 :class:`collections.MutableSequence " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:274 +msgid "" +"All backslashes in raw string literals are interpreted literally. This means" +" that ``'\\U'`` and ``'\\u'`` escapes in raw strings are not treated " +"specially. For example, ``r'\\u20ac'`` is a string of 6 characters in " +"Python 3.0, whereas in 2.6, ``ur'\\u20ac'`` was the single \"euro\" " +"character. (Of course, this change only affects raw string literals; the " +"euro character is ``'\\u20ac'`` in Python 3.0.)" +msgstr "" +"原始字符串字面中的所有反斜线均按字面解释。 这意味着原始字符串中的 ``'\\U'`` 和 ``'\\u'`` 转义符不会被特殊处理。 例如，在 " +"Python 3.0 中，``r'\\u20ac'`` 是一个包含 6 个字符的字符串，而在 2.6 中，``ur'\\u20ac'`` 是一个 " +"“欧元” 字符。 （当然，这种变化只影响原始字符串的字面意义；在 Python 3.0 中，欧元字符是 ``'\\u20ac'``。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:281 +msgid "" +"The built-in :class:`!basestring` abstract type was removed. Use " +":class:`str` instead. The :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` types don't have " +"functionality enough in common to warrant a shared base class. The ``2to3``" +" tool (see below) replaces every occurrence of :class:`!basestring` with " +":class:`str`." +msgstr "" +"内置的 :class:`!basestring` 抽象类型已被移除。 请改用 :class:`str`。 :class:`str` 和 " +":class:`bytes` 类型在功能上没有足够的共通性因此不需要有共享的基类。 ``2to3`` 工具（见下文）会将所有 " +":class:`!basestring` 都替换为 :class:`str`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:287 +msgid "" +"Files opened as text files (still the default mode for :func:`open`) always " +"use an encoding to map between strings (in memory) and bytes (on disk). " +"Binary files (opened with a ``b`` in the mode argument) always use bytes in " +"memory. This means that if a file is opened using an incorrect mode or " +"encoding, I/O will likely fail loudly, instead of silently producing " +"incorrect data. It also means that even Unix users will have to specify the" +" correct mode (text or binary) when opening a file. There is a platform-" +"dependent default encoding, which on Unixy platforms can be set with the " +"``LANG`` environment variable (and sometimes also with some other platform-" +"specific locale-related environment variables). In many cases, but not all," +" the system default is UTF-8; you should never count on this default. Any " +"application reading or writing more than pure ASCII text should probably " +"have a way to override the encoding. There is no longer any need for using " +"the encoding-aware streams in the :mod:`codecs` module." +msgstr "" +"作为文本文件打开的文件（仍然是 :func:`open` 的默认模式）总是会使用一个编码格式在（内存中的）字符串和（磁盘中的）字节串之间建立映射。 " +"二进制文件（将 mode 参数设为 ``b`` 来打开）在内存中总是会使用数字串。 这意味着如果一个文件是使用不正确的模式或编码格式打开的，I/O " +"操作很可能会报告失败，而不是静默地产生不正确的数据。 这也意味着即使是 Unix 用户在打开文件时也必须指定正确的模式（文本或二进制）。 " +"存在一个依赖于具体平台的默认编码格式，在类 Unix 平台上可以通过 ``LANG`` " +"环境变量来设置（有时也会使用其他一些平台专属的语言区域相关的环境变量）。 在多数情况下，系统默认使用 " +"UTF-8，但并非全都如此；你绝不应该依赖这个默认值。 任何读写超出纯 ASCII 文本范围的内容的应用程序都应该提供重写编码格式的选项。 " +"现在已不再需要使用 :mod:`codecs` 模块中可感知编码格式的流。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:304 +msgid "" +"The initial values of :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout` and " +":data:`sys.stderr` are now unicode-only text files (i.e., they are instances" +" of :class:`io.TextIOBase`). To read and write bytes data with these " +"streams, you need to use their :data:`io.TextIOBase.buffer` attribute." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.stdin`、:data:`sys.stdout` 和 :data:`sys.stderr` 的初始值现在是仅 Unicode " +"的文本文件（即它们是 :class:`io.TextIOBase` 的实例）。 要使用这些数据流读写字节数据，需要使用它们的 " +":data:`io.TextIOBase.buffer` 属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:310 +msgid "" +"Filenames are passed to and returned from APIs as (Unicode) strings. This " +"can present platform-specific problems because on some platforms filenames " +"are arbitrary byte strings. (On the other hand, on Windows filenames are " +"natively stored as Unicode.) As a work-around, most APIs (e.g. :func:`open`" +" and many functions in the :mod:`os` module) that take filenames accept " +":class:`bytes` objects as well as strings, and a few APIs have a way to ask " +"for a :class:`bytes` return value. Thus, :func:`os.listdir` returns a list " +"of :class:`bytes` instances if the argument is a :class:`bytes` instance, " +"and :func:`os.getcwdb` returns the current working directory as a " +":class:`bytes` instance. Note that when :func:`os.listdir` returns a list " +"of strings, filenames that cannot be decoded properly are omitted rather " +"than raising :exc:`UnicodeError`." +msgstr "" +"文件名是以（Unicode）字符串的形式传给 API 并返回的。 这可能产生特定平台专属的问题因为在某些平台上文件名强制使用字节串。 （另一方面，在 " +"Windows 上文件名则原生存储为 Unicode。） 为绕过此问题，多数接受文件名的 API（例如 :func:`open` 和 :mod:`os`" +" 模块中的许多函数）都同时接受 :class:`bytes` 对象和字符串，而少数 API 会发出要求 :class:`bytes` 返回值的提示。 " +"因而，当参数为 :class:`bytes` 的实例时 :func:`os.listdir` 会返回由 :class:`bytes` " +"实例组成的列表，:func:`os.getcwdb` 则会将当前工作目录作为 :class:`bytes` 实例返回。 请注意当 " +":func:`os.listdir` 返回字符串的列表时，无法被正确解码的文件名会被忽略而不是引发 :exc:`UnicodeError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:325 +msgid "" +"Some system APIs like :data:`os.environ` and :data:`sys.argv` can also " +"present problems when the bytes made available by the system is not " +"interpretable using the default encoding. Setting the ``LANG`` variable and" +" rerunning the program is probably the best approach." +msgstr "" +"当系统提供的字节无法使用默认编码进行解释时，一些系统 API，如 :data:`os.environ` 和 " +":data:`sys.argv`，也会出现问题。 最好的办法可能是设置 ``LANG`` 变量并重新运行程序。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:330 +msgid "" +":pep:`3138`: The :func:`repr` of a string no longer escapes non-ASCII " +"characters. It still escapes control characters and code points with non-" +"printable status in the Unicode standard, however." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3138`: 字符串的 :func:`repr` 将不再转义非 ASCII 字符。 不过，它仍然会转义控制字符和在 Unicode " +"标准中具有不可打印状态的码位。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:334 +msgid ":pep:`3120`: The default source encoding is now UTF-8." +msgstr ":pep:`3120`：现在默认的源码编码格式是UTF-8。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:336 +msgid "" +":pep:`3131`: Non-ASCII letters are now allowed in identifiers. (However, the" +" standard library remains ASCII-only with the exception of contributor names" +" in comments.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`3131`: 现在允许在标识符中使用非 ASCII 字符（不过，标准库中的异常和注释中的贡献者名字仍然只使用 ASCII 字符）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:340 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!StringIO` and :mod:`!cStringIO` modules are gone. Instead, " +"import the :mod:`io` module and use :class:`io.StringIO` or " +":class:`io.BytesIO` for text and data respectively." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!StringIO` 和 :mod:`!cStringIO` 模块已被去除。 作为替代，请导入 :mod:`io` " +"模块并分别为文本和数据使用 :class:`io.StringIO` 或 :class:`io.BytesIO`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:344 +msgid "See also the :ref:`unicode-howto`, which was updated for Python 3.0." +msgstr "另请参阅 :ref:`unicode-howto`，其内容已针对 Python 3.0 进行更新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:348 +msgid "Overview Of Syntax Changes" +msgstr "语法变化概述" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:350 +msgid "" +"This section gives a brief overview of every *syntactic* change in Python " +"3.0." +msgstr "本节提供了 Python 3.0 中每个 *语法* 变化的简要说明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:354 +msgid "New Syntax" +msgstr "新语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:356 +msgid "" +":pep:`3107`: Function argument and return value annotations. This provides " +"a standardized way of annotating a function's parameters and return value. " +"There are no semantics attached to such annotations except that they can be " +"introspected at runtime using the :attr:`!__annotations__` attribute. The " +"intent is to encourage experimentation through metaclasses, decorators or " +"frameworks." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3107`: 函数参数和返回值标注。 这提供了一种标注函数形参和返回值的标准方式。 并没有与这种标注相关联的特殊语法而只是可以使用 " +":attr:`!__annotations__` 属性在运行时对它们进行内省。 其目的是鼓励在元类、装饰器和框架中尝试应用标注。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:363 +msgid "" +":pep:`3102`: Keyword-only arguments. Named parameters occurring after " +"``*args`` in the parameter list *must* be specified using keyword syntax in " +"the call. You can also use a bare ``*`` in the parameter list to indicate " +"that you don't accept a variable-length argument list, but you do have " +"keyword-only arguments." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3102`：仅限关键字参数。在参数列表``*args`` 之后出现的命名参数 *必须* " +"在调用中使用关键字语法指定。也可以在参数列表中使用``*``来表示不接受长度可变的参数列表，但可以使用只包含关键字的参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Keyword arguments are allowed after the list of base classes in a class " +"definition. This is used by the new convention for specifying a metaclass " +"(see next section), but can be used for other purposes as well, as long as " +"the metaclass supports it." +msgstr "类定义中的基类列表后允许使用关键字参数。 这是用于指定元类的新约定（见下一节），但也可用于其他目的，只要元类支持它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:374 +msgid "" +":pep:`3104`: :keyword:`nonlocal` statement. Using ``nonlocal x`` you can " +"now assign directly to a variable in an outer (but non-global) scope. " +":keyword:`!nonlocal` is a new reserved word." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3104`: :keyword:`nonlocal` 语句。 现在你可以使用 ``nonlocal x`` " +"来允许直接赋值到一个外层（但非全局）作用域。 :keyword:`!nonlocal` 是新的保留字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:378 +msgid "" +":pep:`3132`: Extended Iterable Unpacking. You can now write things like " +"``a, b, *rest = some_sequence``. And even ``*rest, a = stuff``. The " +"``rest`` object is always a (possibly empty) list; the right-hand side may " +"be any iterable. Example::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`3132`: 扩展可迭代对象解包。 你现在可以编写像 ``a, b, *rest = some_sequence`` 这样的代码。 甚至 " +"``*rest, a = stuff``。 ``rest`` 对象将总是为一个（可能为空的）列表；右侧的对象可以是任意可迭代对象。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:383 +msgid "(a, *rest, b) = range(5)" +msgstr "(a, *rest, b) = range(5)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:385 +msgid "This sets *a* to ``0``, *b* to ``4``, and *rest* to ``[1, 2, 3]``." +msgstr "这会将 *a* 设为 ``0``，*b* 设为 ``4``，而将 *rest* 设为 ``[1, 2, 3]``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:387 +msgid "" +"Dictionary comprehensions: ``{k: v for k, v in stuff}`` means the same thing" +" as ``dict(stuff)`` but is more flexible. (This is :pep:`274` vindicated. " +":-)" +msgstr "" +"新增字典推导式: ``{k: v for k, v in stuff}`` 的含义与 ``dict(stuff)`` 相同但是更为灵活。 " +"(对此特性的解释见 :pep:`274`。 :-)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Set literals, e.g. ``{1, 2}``. Note that ``{}`` is an empty dictionary; use" +" ``set()`` for an empty set. Set comprehensions are also supported; e.g., " +"``{x for x in stuff}`` means the same thing as ``set(stuff)`` but is more " +"flexible." +msgstr "" +"新增集合字面值，例如 ``{1, 2}``。 请注意 ``{}`` 是空字典；要用 ``set()`` 表示空集合。 集合推导式也受到支持；例如 " +"``{x for x in stuff}`` 的含义与 ``set(stuff)`` 相同但是更为灵活。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:396 +msgid "" +"New octal literals, e.g. ``0o720`` (already in 2.6). The old octal literals" +" (``0720``) are gone." +msgstr "新增八进制字面值，例如 ``0o720`` (已存在于 2.6 中)。 旧的八进制字面值 (``0720``) 已不复存在。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:399 +msgid "" +"New binary literals, e.g. ``0b1010`` (already in 2.6), and there is a new " +"corresponding built-in function, :func:`bin`." +msgstr "新增二进制字面值，例如 ``0b1010`` (已存在于 2.6 中)，还有对应的新增内置函数 :func:`bin`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:402 +msgid "" +"Bytes literals are introduced with a leading ``b`` or ``B``, and there is a " +"new corresponding built-in function, :func:`bytes`." +msgstr "引入了带有 ``b`` 或 ``B`` 前缀的字节串字面值，还有对应的新增内置函数 :func:`bytes`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:406 +msgid "Changed Syntax" +msgstr "语法变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:408 +msgid "" +":pep:`3109` and :pep:`3134`: new :keyword:`raise` statement syntax: " +":samp:`raise [{expr} [from {expr}]]`. See below." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3109` 和 :pep:`3134`: 新增 :keyword:`raise` 语句的语法: :samp:`raise [{expr} " +"[from {expr}]]`。 见下文。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:411 +msgid "" +":keyword:`!as` and :keyword:`with` are now reserved words. (Since 2.6, " +"actually.)" +msgstr "现在 :keyword:`!as` 和 :keyword:`with` 是保留关键字。 （实际是从 2.6 开始。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:414 +msgid "" +"``True``, ``False``, and ``None`` are reserved words. (2.6 partially " +"enforced the restrictions on ``None`` already.)" +msgstr "``True``, ``False`` 和 ``None`` 已成为保留关键字。 （2.6 已经对 ``None`` 部分强制应用限制。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:417 +msgid "" +"Change from :keyword:`except` *exc*, *var* to :keyword:`!except` *exc* " +":keyword:`!as` *var*. See :pep:`3110`." +msgstr "" +"将 :keyword:`except` *exc*, *var* 改为 :keyword:`!except` *exc* :keyword:`!as` " +"*var*。 参见 :pep:`3110`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:420 +msgid ":pep:`3115`: New Metaclass Syntax. Instead of::" +msgstr ":pep:`3115`: 新的元类语法。 替换::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:422 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" __metaclass__ = M\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" __metaclass__ = M\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:426 +msgid "you must now use::" +msgstr "你现在需要使用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:428 +msgid "" +"class C(metaclass=M):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C(metaclass=M):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:431 +msgid "" +"The module-global :data:`!__metaclass__` variable is no longer supported. " +"(It was a crutch to make it easier to default to new-style classes without " +"deriving every class from :class:`object`.)" +msgstr "" +"模块级全局变量 :data:`!__metaclass__` 已不再受支持。 （它是一个令默认使用新式类而无需从 :class:`object` " +"派生每一个类的辅助工具。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:436 +msgid "" +"List comprehensions no longer support the syntactic form :samp:`[... for " +"{var} in {item1}, {item2}, ...]`. Use :samp:`[... for {var} in ({item1}, " +"{item2}, ...)]` instead. Also note that list comprehensions have different " +"semantics: they are closer to syntactic sugar for a generator expression " +"inside a :func:`list` constructor, and in particular the loop control " +"variables are no longer leaked into the surrounding scope." +msgstr "" +"列表推导式不再支持 :samp:`[... for {var} in {item1}, {item2}, ...]` 这样的语法形式。 请改用 " +":samp:`[... for {var} in ({item1}, {item2}, ...)]`。 还要注意列表推导式具有不同的句法：它们更像是 " +":func:`list` 构造器内部用于生成器表达式的语法糖，具体来说就是循环控制变量将不会再泄漏到外层作用域中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:444 +msgid "" +"The *ellipsis* (``...``) can be used as an atomic expression anywhere. " +"(Previously it was only allowed in slices.) Also, it *must* now be spelled " +"as ``...``. (Previously it could also be spelled as ``. . .``, by a mere " +"accident of the grammar.)" +msgstr "" +"*ellipsis* (``...``) 可以在任何地方作为原子表达式使用。（以前只允许在片段中使用。）另外，现在 *必须* 拼写为``...`` " +"。（以前也可以拼写为``. . .`` ，这只是一个偶然的语法。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:450 +msgid "Removed Syntax" +msgstr "移除的语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:452 +msgid "" +":pep:`3113`: Tuple parameter unpacking removed. You can no longer write " +"``def foo(a, (b, c)): ...``. Use ``def foo(a, b_c): b, c = b_c`` instead." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3113`: 元组形参解包已被移除。 你不能再使用 ``def foo(a, (b, c)): ...`` 的写法。 请改用 ``def " +"foo(a, b_c): b, c = b_c``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:456 +msgid "Removed backticks (use :func:`repr` instead)." +msgstr "移除了反引号 (请改用 :func:`repr`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:458 +msgid "Removed ``<>`` (use ``!=`` instead)." +msgstr "移除了 ``<>`` (请改用 ``!=``)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Removed keyword: :func:`exec` is no longer a keyword; it remains as a " +"function. (Fortunately the function syntax was also accepted in 2.x.) Also" +" note that :func:`exec` no longer takes a stream argument; instead of " +"``exec(f)`` you can use ``exec(f.read())``." +msgstr "" +"移除的关键字: :func:`exec` 不再是一个关键字；它仍是一个函数。 （幸运的是该函数语法也在 2.x 中被接受。） 还要注意 " +":func:`exec` 将不再接受流作为参数；你可以将原来的 ``exec(f)`` 改为使用 ``exec(f.read())``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:465 +msgid "Integer literals no longer support a trailing ``l`` or ``L``." +msgstr "整数字面值不再支持 ``l`` 或 ``L`` 后缀。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:467 +msgid "String literals no longer support a leading ``u`` or ``U``." +msgstr "字符串字面值不再支持 ``u`` 或 ``U`` 前缀。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:469 +msgid "" +"The :keyword:`from` *module* :keyword:`import` ``*`` syntax is only allowed " +"at the module level, no longer inside functions." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`from` *module* :keyword:`import` ``*`` 语法仅允许在模块层级使用，不再允许出现于函数内部。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:472 +msgid "" +"The only acceptable syntax for relative imports is :samp:`from .[{module}] " +"import {name}`. All :keyword:`import` forms not starting with ``.`` are " +"interpreted as absolute imports. (:pep:`328`)" +msgstr "" +"唯一可接受的相对导入语法为 :samp:`from .[{module}] import {name}`。 所有不以 ``.`` 开头的 " +":keyword:`import` 形式都将被解读为绝对导入。 (:pep:`328`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:476 +msgid "Classic classes are gone." +msgstr "经典类已不复存在。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:480 +msgid "Changes Already Present In Python 2.6" +msgstr "已存在于 Python 2.6 中的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:482 +msgid "" +"Since many users presumably make the jump straight from Python 2.5 to Python" +" 3.0, this section reminds the reader of new features that were originally " +"designed for Python 3.0 but that were back-ported to Python 2.6. The " +"corresponding sections in :ref:`whats-new-in-2.6` should be consulted for " +"longer descriptions." +msgstr "" +"由于许多用户可能会直接从 Python 2.5 跳到 Python 3.0，因此本节提醒读者注意最初为 Python 3.0 设计但后来移植到 " +"Python 2.6 的新特性。 如需更详细的说明请参阅 :ref:`whats-new-in-2.6` 中的相应章节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:488 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-0343`. The :keyword:`with` statement is now a standard feature " +"and no longer needs to be imported from the :mod:`__future__`. Also check " +"out :ref:`new-26-context-managers` and :ref:`new-module-contextlib`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-0343`。 现在 :keyword:`with` 语句已是一个标准特性而不再需要从 :mod:`__future__` 导入。 " +"另请参阅 :ref:`new-26-context-managers` 和 :ref:`new-module-contextlib`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:493 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-0366`. This enhances the usefulness of the :option:`-m` option " +"when the referenced module lives in a package." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-0366`。 这增强了 :option:`-m` 选项在被引用的模块位于包中时的实用性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:496 +msgid ":ref:`pep-0370`." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-0370`." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:498 +msgid ":ref:`pep-0371`." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-0371`." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:500 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3101`. Note: the 2.6 description mentions the :meth:`format` " +"method for both 8-bit and Unicode strings. In 3.0, only the :class:`str` " +"type (text strings with Unicode support) supports this method; the " +":class:`bytes` type does not. The plan is to eventually make this the only " +"API for string formatting, and to start deprecating the ``%`` operator in " +"Python 3.1." +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-3101`。 注意：2.6 说明文档提到 :meth:`format` 方法同时适用于 8 位和 Unicode 字符串。 在 " +"3.0 中，只有 :class:`str` 类型（带有 Unicode 支持的文本字符串）才支持此方法；:class:`bytes` 类型并不支持。 " +"最终的计划是使其成为仅针对字符串格式化的 API，并在 Python 3.1 中开始弃用 ``%`` 字符串运算符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:507 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3105`. This is now a standard feature and no longer needs to be " +"imported from :mod:`__future__`. More details were given above." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-3105`。 现在这已是一个标准特性而不再需要从 :mod:`__future__` 导入。 更多详情见上文。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:510 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3110`. The :keyword:`except` *exc* :keyword:`!as` *var* syntax is" +" now standard and :keyword:`!except` *exc*, *var* is no longer supported. " +"(Of course, the :keyword:`!as` *var* part is still optional.)" +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-3110`。 现在 :keyword:`except` *exc* :keyword:`!as` *var* 语法已成为标准而 " +":keyword:`!except` *exc*, *var* 不再受到支持。 （当然，:keyword:`!as` *var* 部分仍为可选项。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:515 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3112`. The ``b\"...\"`` string literal notation (and its variants" +" like ``b'...'``, ``b\"\"\"...\"\"\"``, and ``br\"...\"``) now produces a " +"literal of type :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-3112`。 现在 ``b\"...\"`` 字节串字面值标记法（及其变化形式如 ``b'...'``, " +"``b\"\"\"...\"\"\"`` 和 ``br\"...\"`` 等将产生 :class:`bytes` 类型的字面值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:519 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3116`. The :mod:`io` module is now the standard way of doing file" +" I/O. The built-in :func:`open` function is now an alias for " +":func:`io.open` and has additional keyword arguments *encoding*, *errors*, " +"*newline* and *closefd*. Also note that an invalid *mode* argument now " +"raises :exc:`ValueError`, not :exc:`IOError`. The binary file object " +"underlying a text file object can be accessed as :attr:`!f.buffer` (but " +"beware that the text object maintains a buffer of itself in order to speed " +"up the encoding and decoding operations)." +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-3116`。 :mod:`io` 模块现在是执行文件 I/O 的标准方式。 内置的 :func:`open` 函数现在是 " +":func:`io.open` 的别名并增加了额外的关键字参数 *encoding*, *errors*, *newline* 和 *closefd*。" +" 还请注意无效的 *mode* 参数现在会引发 :exc:`ValueError`，而不是 :exc:`IOError`。 " +"在文本文件对象之下的二进制文件对象可作为 :attr:`!f.buffer` " +"来访问（但要记住文本对象会为自己保留一个缓冲区以加快编码和解码操作的速度）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:529 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3118`. The old builtin :func:`!buffer` is now really gone; the " +"new builtin :func:`memoryview` provides (mostly) similar functionality." +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-3118`。 旧的内置 :func:`!buffer` 现已完全不复存在；新的内置 :func:`memoryview` " +"提供了（基本）类似的功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:533 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3119`. The :mod:`abc` module and the ABCs defined in the " +":mod:`collections` module plays a somewhat more prominent role in the " +"language now, and built-in collection types like :class:`dict` and " +":class:`list` conform to the :class:`collections.MutableMapping " +"` and :class:`collections.MutableSequence " +"` ABCs, respectively." +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-3119`。 现在 :mod:`abc` 模块以及在 :mod:`collections` 模块中定义的 ABC " +"在本语言中扮演了更为重要的角色，而内置的多项集类型如 :class:`dict` 和 :class:`list` 分别与 " +":class:`collections.MutableMapping ` 和 " +":class:`collections.MutableSequence ` ABC " +"保持对应。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:539 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3127`. As mentioned above, the new octal literal notation is the " +"only one supported, and binary literals have been added." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-3127`。 如上文所述，新的八进制字面值标记法是唯一受支持的形式，并增加了二进制字面值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:543 +msgid ":ref:`pep-3129`." +msgstr ":ref:`pep-3129`." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:545 +msgid "" +":ref:`pep-3141`. The :mod:`numbers` module is another new use of ABCs, " +"defining Python's \"numeric tower\". Also note the new :mod:`fractions` " +"module which implements :class:`numbers.Rational`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`pep-3141`。 :mod:`numbers` 模块是 ABC 的另一个新用例，它定义了 Python 的“数字层级塔”。 另请注意新的" +" :mod:`fractions` 模块，它实现了 :class:`numbers.Rational`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:551 +msgid "Library Changes" +msgstr "库的修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:553 +msgid "" +"Due to time constraints, this document does not exhaustively cover the very " +"extensive changes to the standard library. :pep:`3108` is the reference for" +" the major changes to the library. Here's a capsule review:" +msgstr "由于时间有限，本文档并未完全覆盖标准库的所有变化内容。 :pep:`3108` 引用了对标准库的主要修改。 以下是精简版的预览：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:558 +msgid "" +"Many old modules were removed. Some, like :mod:`!gopherlib` (no longer " +"used) and :mod:`!md5` (replaced by :mod:`hashlib`), were already deprecated " +"by :pep:`4`. Others were removed as a result of the removal of support for " +"various platforms such as Irix, BeOS and Mac OS 9 (see :pep:`11`). Some " +"modules were also selected for removal in Python 3.0 due to lack of use or " +"because a better replacement exists. See :pep:`3108` for an exhaustive " +"list." +msgstr "" +"许多旧模块已被移除。 其中一些，如 :mod:`!gopherlib` (不再有用) 和 :mod:`!md5` (被 :mod:`hashlib` " +"替代)，已根据 :pep:`4` 被弃用。 其他一些是作为移除对几种平台如 Irix, BeOS 和 Mac OS 9 支持的结果而被移除的 (参见 " +":pep:`11`)。 某些模块则由于缺少使用或因为存在更好的替代而被选入 Python 3.0 的移除计划。 完整列表参见 :pep:`3108`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:566 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!bsddb3` package was removed because its presence in the core " +"standard library has proved over time to be a particular burden for the core" +" developers due to testing instability and Berkeley DB's release schedule. " +"However, the package is alive and well, externally maintained at " +"https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!bsddb3` 软件包被移除是因为随着时间的推移它存在于核心标准库已被证明由于测试的不稳定性和 Berkeley DB " +"的发布计划是对核心开发者的重大负担。 不过，这个软件包仍在 https://www.jcea.es/programacion/pybsddb.htm " +"获得外部维护并继续存活。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:572 +msgid "" +"Some modules were renamed because their old name disobeyed :pep:`8`, or for " +"various other reasons. Here's the list:" +msgstr "一些模块名称已被修改因为它们的旧名称不符合 :pep:`8`，或是出于各种其他理由。 具体列表如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:576 +msgid "Old Name" +msgstr "旧名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:576 +msgid "New Name" +msgstr "新名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:578 +msgid "_winreg" +msgstr "_winreg" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:578 +msgid "winreg" +msgstr "winreg" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:579 +msgid "ConfigParser" +msgstr "ConfigParser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:579 +msgid "configparser" +msgstr "configparser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:580 +msgid "copy_reg" +msgstr "copy_reg" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:580 +msgid "copyreg" +msgstr "copyreg" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:581 +msgid "Queue" +msgstr "Queue" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:581 +msgid "queue" +msgstr "queue" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:582 +msgid "SocketServer" +msgstr "SocketServer" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:582 +msgid "socketserver" +msgstr "socketserver" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:583 +msgid "markupbase" +msgstr "markupbase" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:583 +msgid "_markupbase" +msgstr "_markupbase" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:584 +msgid "repr" +msgstr "repr" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:584 +msgid "reprlib" +msgstr "reprlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:585 +msgid "test.test_support" +msgstr "test.test_support" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:585 +msgid "test.support" +msgstr "test.support" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:588 +msgid "" +"A common pattern in Python 2.x is to have one version of a module " +"implemented in pure Python, with an optional accelerated version implemented" +" as a C extension; for example, :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`!cPickle`. This " +"places the burden of importing the accelerated version and falling back on " +"the pure Python version on each user of these modules. In Python 3.0, the " +"accelerated versions are considered implementation details of the pure " +"Python versions. Users should always import the standard version, which " +"attempts to import the accelerated version and falls back to the pure Python" +" version. The :mod:`pickle` / :mod:`!cPickle` pair received this treatment." +" The :mod:`profile` module is on the list for 3.1. The :mod:`!StringIO` " +"module has been turned into a class in the :mod:`io` module." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 2.x 中的常见模式是某个模块有一个以纯 Python 实现的版本，并有一个作为 C " +"扩展实现的加速版本；例如，:mod:`pickle` 和 :mod:`!cPickle`。 这造成每个此类模块的用户存在导入加速版本并在必要时回退到纯 " +"Python 版本的负担。 在 Python 3.0 中，加速版本将被视为纯 Python 版本的实现细节。 " +"用户应当总是导入标准版本，该版本会尝试导入加速版本并在必要时回退到纯 Python 版本。 :mod:`pickle` / " +":mod:`!cPickle` 对就获得了这样的处置。 :mod:`profile` 模块被加入了 3.1 版的处置计划。 " +":mod:`!StringIO` 模块已被转为 :mod:`io` 模块中的一个类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:602 +msgid "" +"Some related modules have been grouped into packages, and usually the " +"submodule names have been simplified. The resulting new packages are:" +msgstr "一些有关联的模块已被组织为包，通常其子模块名也得到了简化。 这样产生的新包有：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:606 +msgid "" +":mod:`dbm` (:mod:`!anydbm`, :mod:`!dbhash`, :mod:`!dbm`, :mod:`!dumbdbm`, " +":mod:`!gdbm`, :mod:`!whichdb`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`dbm` (:mod:`!anydbm`, :mod:`!dbhash`, :mod:`!dbm`, :mod:`!dumbdbm`, " +":mod:`!gdbm`, :mod:`!whichdb`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:609 +msgid ":mod:`html` (:mod:`!HTMLParser`, :mod:`!htmlentitydefs`)." +msgstr ":mod:`html` (:mod:`!HTMLParser`, :mod:`!htmlentitydefs`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:611 +msgid "" +":mod:`http` (:mod:`!httplib`, :mod:`!BaseHTTPServer`, :mod:`!CGIHTTPServer`," +" :mod:`!SimpleHTTPServer`, :mod:`!Cookie`, :mod:`!cookielib`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`http` (:mod:`!httplib`, :mod:`!BaseHTTPServer`, :mod:`!CGIHTTPServer`," +" :mod:`!SimpleHTTPServer`, :mod:`!Cookie`, :mod:`!cookielib`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:615 +msgid "" +":mod:`tkinter` (all ``Tkinter``-related modules except :mod:`turtle`). The " +"target audience of :mod:`turtle` doesn't really care about :mod:`tkinter`. " +"Also note that as of Python 2.6, the functionality of :mod:`turtle` has been" +" greatly enhanced." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter` (所有 ``Tkinter`` 相关的模块但 :mod:`turtle` 除外)。 :mod:`turtle` " +"的目标用户通常并不真的关心 :mod:`tkinter`。 还要注意在 Python 2.6 中，:mod:`turtle` 的功能得到了大幅增强。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:620 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib` (:mod:`!urllib`, :mod:`!urllib2`, :mod:`!urlparse`, " +":mod:`!robotparse`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib` (:mod:`!urllib`, :mod:`!urllib2`, :mod:`!urlparse`, " +":mod:`!robotparse`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:623 +msgid "" +":mod:`xmlrpc` (:mod:`!xmlrpclib`, :mod:`!DocXMLRPCServer`, " +":mod:`!SimpleXMLRPCServer`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xmlrpc` (:mod:`!xmlrpclib`, :mod:`!DocXMLRPCServer`, " +":mod:`!SimpleXMLRPCServer`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:626 +msgid "" +"Some other changes to standard library modules, not covered by :pep:`3108`:" +msgstr "其他一些针对标准库模块的改变，未被 :pep:`3108` 覆盖：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:629 +msgid "Killed :mod:`!sets`. Use the built-in :func:`set` class." +msgstr "去除了 :mod:`!sets`。 请改用内置 :func:`set` 类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:631 +msgid "" +"Cleanup of the :mod:`sys` module: removed :func:`!sys.exitfunc`, " +":func:`!sys.exc_clear`, :data:`!sys.exc_type`, :data:`!sys.exc_value`, " +":data:`!sys.exc_traceback`. (Note that :data:`sys.last_type` etc. remain.)" +msgstr "" +"清理了 :mod:`sys` 模块：移除 :func:`!sys.exitfunc`, :func:`!sys.exc_clear`, " +":data:`!sys.exc_type`, :data:`!sys.exc_value`, :data:`!sys.exc_traceback`。 " +"（请注意 :data:`sys.last_type` 等仍然保留。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:636 +msgid "" +"Cleanup of the :class:`array.array` type: the :meth:`!read` and " +":meth:`!write` methods are gone; use :meth:`~array.array.fromfile` and " +":meth:`~array.array.tofile` instead. Also, the ``'c'`` typecode for array " +"is gone -- use either ``'b'`` for bytes or ``'u'`` for Unicode characters." +msgstr "" +"清理了 :class:`array.array` 类型：去除 :meth:`!read` 和 :meth:`!write` 方法；改用 " +":meth:`~array.array.fromfile` 和 :meth:`~array.array.tofile`。 此外，数组的 ``'c'`` " +"类型代码已去除 -- 请使用 ``'b'`` 表示字节数据或使用 ``'u'`` 表示 Unicode 字符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:642 +msgid "" +"Cleanup of the :mod:`operator` module: removed :func:`!sequenceIncludes` and" +" :func:`!isCallable`." +msgstr "" +"清理了 :mod:`operator` 模块：移除 :func:`!sequenceIncludes` 和 :func:`!isCallable`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:645 +msgid "" +"Cleanup of the :mod:`!thread` module: :func:`!acquire_lock` and " +":func:`!release_lock` are gone; use :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` and " +":meth:`~threading.Lock.release` instead." +msgstr "" +"清理了 :mod:`!thread` 模块：去除 :func:`!acquire_lock` 和 :func:`!release_lock`；改用 " +":meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` 和 :meth:`~threading.Lock.release`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:649 +msgid "" +"Cleanup of the :mod:`random` module: removed the :func:`!jumpahead` API." +msgstr "清理了 :mod:`random` 模块：移除 :func:`!jumpahead` API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:651 +msgid "The :mod:`!new` module is gone." +msgstr ":mod:`!new` 模块已不复存在。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:653 +msgid "" +"The functions :func:`!os.tmpnam`, :func:`!os.tempnam` and " +":func:`!os.tmpfile` have been removed in favor of the :mod:`tempfile` " +"module." +msgstr "" +":func:`!os.tmpnam`, :func:`!os.tempnam` 和 :func:`!os.tmpfile` 等函数已被移除并应改用 " +":mod:`tempfile` 模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:657 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tokenize` module has been changed to work with bytes. The main " +"entry point is now :func:`tokenize.tokenize`, instead of generate_tokens." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tokenize` 模块已被修改以适用于字节串。 主入口点现在是 :func:`tokenize.tokenize`，而不是 " +"generate_tokens。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:661 +msgid "" +":data:`!string.letters` and its friends (:data:`!string.lowercase` and " +":data:`!string.uppercase`) are gone. Use :data:`string.ascii_letters` etc. " +"instead. (The reason for the removal is that :data:`!string.letters` and " +"friends had locale-specific behavior, which is a bad idea for such " +"attractively named global \"constants\".)" +msgstr "" +":data:`!string.letters` 及其同类 (:data:`!string.lowercase` 和 " +":data:`!string.uppercase`) 已不复存在。 请改用 :data:`string.ascii_letters` 等。 （移除 " +":data:`!string.letters` 及其同类的原因在于它们具有语言区域专属的行为，对于这些被称为全局“常量”的对象来说不是好主意。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:668 +msgid "" +"Renamed module :mod:`!__builtin__` to :mod:`builtins` (removing the " +"underscores, adding an 's'). The :data:`!__builtins__` variable found in " +"most global namespaces is unchanged. To modify a builtin, you should use " +":mod:`builtins`, not :data:`!__builtins__`!" +msgstr "" +"模块 :mod:`!__builtin__` 被重命名为 :mod:`builtins` (移除了下划线，添加了 's')。 大多数全局命名空间中的 " +":data:`!__builtins__` 变量保持不变。 要修改内置对象，你应当使用 :mod:`builtins`，而不是 " +":data:`!__builtins__`!" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:675 +msgid ":pep:`3101`: A New Approach To String Formatting" +msgstr ":pep:`3101`: 字符串格式化的新方式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:677 +msgid "" +"A new system for built-in string formatting operations replaces the ``%`` " +"string formatting operator. (However, the ``%`` operator is still " +"supported; it will be deprecated in Python 3.1 and removed from the " +"language at some later time.) Read :pep:`3101` for the full scoop." +msgstr "" +"一种针对内置字符串格式化操作的新系统替代了 ``%`` 字符串格式化运算符。 （不过，``%`` 运算符仍然受到支持；它将在 Python 3.1 " +"中被弃用并在今后某一时刻从语言特性中移除。） 请参阅 :pep:`3101` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:685 +msgid "Changes To Exceptions" +msgstr "对异常的修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:687 +msgid "" +"The APIs for raising and catching exception have been cleaned up and new " +"powerful features added:" +msgstr "用于引发和捕获异常的 API 已经过清理并增加了强大的新特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:690 +msgid "" +":pep:`352`: All exceptions must be derived (directly or indirectly) from " +":exc:`BaseException`. This is the root of the exception hierarchy. This is" +" not new as a recommendation, but the *requirement* to inherit from " +":exc:`BaseException` is new. (Python 2.6 still allowed classic classes to " +"be raised, and placed no restriction on what you can catch.) As a " +"consequence, string exceptions are finally truly and utterly dead." +msgstr "" +":pep:`352`: 所有异常都必须（直接或间接地）派生自 :exc:`BaseException`。 这是异常层级结构的根对象。 " +"作为推荐方式这并不是新的变化，但 *必须* 从 :exc:`BaseException` 继承是新的变化。 （Python 2.6 " +"仍然允许引发经典类，并且不限制你能捕获的异常。） 作为此变化的结果，字符串异常终于真正彻底地死亡了。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:698 +msgid "" +"Almost all exceptions should actually derive from :exc:`Exception`; " +":exc:`BaseException` should only be used as a base class for exceptions that" +" should only be handled at the top level, such as :exc:`SystemExit` or " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`. The recommended idiom for handling all exceptions" +" except for this latter category is to use :keyword:`except` " +":exc:`Exception`." +msgstr "" +"几乎所有异常实际上都应当派生自 :exc:`Exception`；:exc:`BaseException` " +"仅应当被用作那些仅应当在最高层级中处理的异常的基类，如 :exc:`SystemExit` 或 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。 " +"处理除了后面这一类之外的所有异常的推荐写法是使用 :keyword:`except` :exc:`Exception`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:705 +msgid ":exc:`!StandardError` was removed." +msgstr ":exc:`!StandardError` 已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:707 +msgid "" +"Exceptions no longer behave as sequences. Use the " +":attr:`~BaseException.args` attribute instead." +msgstr "异常已不再被当作序列来处理。 而应改用 :attr:`~BaseException.args` 属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:710 +msgid "" +":pep:`3109`: Raising exceptions. You must now use :samp:`raise " +"{Exception}({args})` instead of :samp:`raise {Exception}, {args}`. " +"Additionally, you can no longer explicitly specify a traceback; instead, if " +"you *have* to do this, you can assign directly to the " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` attribute (see below)." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3109`: 引发异常。 你现在必须使用 :samp:`raise {Exception}({args})` 而不是 " +":samp:`raise {Exception}, {args}`。 此外，你不再可以显式地指定回溯；作为替代，如果你 *必须* " +"这样做，你可以直接赋值给 :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 属性（见下文）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:716 +msgid "" +":pep:`3110`: Catching exceptions. You must now use :samp:`except " +"{SomeException} as {variable}` instead of :samp:`except {SomeException}, " +"{variable}`. Moreover, the *variable* is explicitly deleted when the " +":keyword:`except` block is left." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3110`: 捕获异常。 你现在必须使用 :samp:`except {SomeException} as {variable}` 而不是 " +":samp:`except {SomeException}, {variable}`。 此外，*variable* 会在离开 " +":keyword:`except` 代码块时被显式地删除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:722 +msgid "" +":pep:`3134`: Exception chaining. There are two cases: implicit chaining and" +" explicit chaining. Implicit chaining happens when an exception is raised " +"in an :keyword:`except` or :keyword:`finally` handler block. This usually " +"happens due to a bug in the handler block; we call this a *secondary* " +"exception. In this case, the original exception (that was being handled) is" +" saved as the :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` attribute of the secondary " +"exception. Explicit chaining is invoked with this syntax::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`3134`: 异常串连。 存在两种情况：隐式串连和显式串连。 当异常在 :keyword:`except` 或 " +":keyword:`finally` 处理器代码块中被引发时将发生隐式串连。 通常发生这种情况是由于处理器代码块中存在程序缺陷；我们将其称为 *二级* " +"异常。 在这种情况下，（正在处理的）原始异常将被保存为该二级异常的 :attr:`~BaseException.__context__` 属性。 " +"显式串连则是由以下语法来唤起::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:731 +msgid "raise SecondaryException() from primary_exception" +msgstr "raise SecondaryException() from primary_exception" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:733 +msgid "" +"(where *primary_exception* is any expression that produces an exception " +"object, probably an exception that was previously caught). In this case, the" +" primary exception is stored on the :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` " +"attribute of the secondary exception. The traceback printed when an " +"unhandled exception occurs walks the chain of :attr:`!__cause__` and " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__` attributes and prints a separate " +"traceback for each component of the chain, with the primary exception at the" +" top. (Java users may recognize this behavior.)" +msgstr "" +"（这里 *primary_exception* 是产生一个异常对象的任何异常，它可能是在之前被捕获的异常）。 在这种情况下，该原始异常将存储在二级异常的" +" :attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` 属性中。 如果遍历 :attr:`!__cause__` 和 " +":attr:`~BaseException.__context__` " +"属性链时发生了未被处理的异常则会打印回溯信息并为属性链中的每个部分打印单独的回溯信息，原始异常将位于最上面。 （Java 用户可能很了解这样的行为。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:743 +msgid "" +":pep:`3134`: Exception objects now store their traceback as the " +":attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` attribute. This means that an " +"exception object now contains all the information pertaining to an " +"exception, and there are fewer reasons to use :func:`sys.exc_info` (though " +"the latter is not removed)." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3134`: 异常对象现在会将其回溯信息保存为 :attr:`~BaseException.__traceback__` 属性。 " +"这意味着一个异常对象现在将包含从属于异常的所有信息，没有什么理由再使用 :func:`sys.exc_info` (不过后者并未被移除)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:749 +msgid "" +"A few exception messages are improved when Windows fails to load an " +"extension module. For example, ``error code 193`` is now ``%1 is not a " +"valid Win32 application``. Strings now deal with non-English locales." +msgstr "" +"一些提示 Windows 载入扩展模块失败的异常消息得到了改进。 例如，``error code 193`` 现在是 ``%1 is not a " +"valid Win32 application``。 字符串现在可处理非英语的语言区域。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:756 +msgid "Miscellaneous Other Changes" +msgstr "其他杂项修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:759 +msgid "Operators And Special Methods" +msgstr "运算符与特殊方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:761 +msgid "" +"``!=`` now returns the opposite of ``==``, unless ``==`` returns " +":data:`NotImplemented`." +msgstr "现在 ``!=`` 将返回与 ``==`` 相反的结果，除非 ``==`` 是返回 :data:`NotImplemented`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:764 +msgid "" +"The concept of \"unbound methods\" has been removed from the language. When " +"referencing a method as a class attribute, you now get a plain function " +"object." +msgstr "“未绑定方法”的概念已从语言中移除。 现在当把一个方法作为类属性来引用时，你将得到一个普通函数对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:768 +msgid "" +":meth:`!__getslice__`, :meth:`!__setslice__` and :meth:`!__delslice__` were " +"killed. The syntax ``a[i:j]`` now translates to ``a.__getitem__(slice(i, " +"j))`` (or :meth:`~object.__setitem__` or :meth:`~object.__delitem__`, when " +"used as an assignment or deletion target, respectively)." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!__getslice__`, :meth:`!__setslice__` 和 :meth:`!__delslice__` 已被去除。 " +"现在 ``a[i:j]`` 语法形式将被转为 ``a.__getitem__(slice(i, j))`` (或者当用作赋值或删除的目标时，分别被转为 " +":meth:`~object.__setitem__` 或 :meth:`~object.__delitem__`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:774 +msgid "" +":pep:`3114`: the standard :meth:`next` method has been renamed to " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__`." +msgstr ":pep:`3114`: 标准的 :meth:`next` 方法已被重命名为 :meth:`~iterator.__next__`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:777 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!__oct__` and :meth:`!__hex__` special methods are removed -- " +":func:`oct` and :func:`hex` use :meth:`~object.__index__` now to convert the" +" argument to an integer." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!__oct__` 和 :meth:`!__hex__` 特殊方法已被移除 -- 现在 :func:`oct` 和 :func:`hex`" +" 将使用 :meth:`~object.__index__` 来将参数转换为整数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:781 +msgid "Removed support for :attr:`!__members__` and :attr:`!__methods__`." +msgstr "移除了对 :attr:`!__members__` 和 :attr:`!__methods__` 的支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:783 +msgid "" +"The function attributes named :attr:`!func_X` have been renamed to use the " +":attr:`!__X__` form, freeing up these names in the function attribute " +"namespace for user-defined attributes. To wit, :attr:`!func_closure`, " +":attr:`!func_code`, :attr:`!func_defaults`, :attr:`!func_dict`, " +":attr:`!func_doc`, :attr:`!func_globals`, :attr:`!func_name` were renamed to" +" :attr:`~function.__closure__`, :attr:`~function.__code__`, " +":attr:`~function.__defaults__`, :attr:`~function.__dict__`, " +":attr:`~function.__doc__`, :attr:`~function.__globals__`, " +":attr:`~function.__name__`, respectively." +msgstr "" +"名为 :attr:`!func_X` 的函数属性已被重命名为使用 :attr:`!__X__` " +"的形式，在函数属性命名空间中释放这些名称以便作为用户自定义属性。 也就是说，:attr:`!func_closure`, " +":attr:`!func_code`, :attr:`!func_defaults`, :attr:`!func_dict`, " +":attr:`!func_doc`, :attr:`!func_globals`, :attr:`!func_name` 分别被重命名为 " +":attr:`~function.__closure__`, :attr:`~function.__code__`, " +":attr:`~function.__defaults__`, :attr:`~function.__dict__`, " +":attr:`~function.__doc__`, :attr:`~function.__globals__`, " +":attr:`~function.__name__`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:794 +msgid ":meth:`!__nonzero__` is now :meth:`~object.__bool__`." +msgstr ":meth:`!__nonzero__` 现在为 :meth:`~object.__bool__`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:797 +msgid "Builtins" +msgstr "内置对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:799 +msgid "" +":pep:`3135`: New :func:`super`. You can now invoke :func:`super` without " +"arguments and (assuming this is in a regular instance method defined inside " +"a :keyword:`class` statement) the right class and instance will " +"automatically be chosen. With arguments, the behavior of :func:`super` is " +"unchanged." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3135`: 新的 :func:`super`。 现在你可以不带参数地唤起 :func:`super` 这样（假定这发生在定义于 " +":keyword:`class` 语句内部的常规实例方法中）将会自动选择正确的类和实例。 附带参数时，:func:`super` 的行为保持不变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:805 +msgid "" +":pep:`3111`: :func:`!raw_input` was renamed to :func:`input`. That is, the " +"new :func:`input` function reads a line from :data:`sys.stdin` and returns " +"it with the trailing newline stripped. It raises :exc:`EOFError` if the " +"input is terminated prematurely. To get the old behavior of :func:`input`, " +"use ``eval(input())``." +msgstr "" +":pep:`3111`: :func:`!raw_input` 已改名为 :func:`input`。 也就是说，新的 :func:`input` " +"函数会从 :data:`sys.stdin` 读取一行并去除末尾换行符再将其返回。 如果输入提前终结则会引发 :exc:`EOFError`。 " +"要获取原来 :func:`input` 的行为，请使用 ``eval(input())``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:811 +msgid "" +"A new built-in function :func:`next` was added to call the " +":meth:`~iterator.__next__` method on an object." +msgstr "新增内置函数 :func:`next` 用于在对象上调用 :meth:`~iterator.__next__` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:814 +msgid "" +"The :func:`round` function rounding strategy and return type have changed. " +"Exact halfway cases are now rounded to the nearest even result instead of " +"away from zero. (For example, ``round(2.5)`` now returns ``2`` rather than " +"``3``.) ``round(x[, n])`` now delegates to ``x.__round__([n])`` instead of " +"always returning a float. It generally returns an integer when called with " +"a single argument and a value of the same type as ``x`` when called with two" +" arguments." +msgstr "" +":func:`round` 函数的舍入策略和返回类型已有改变。 对于两边差值相同的情况现在将会舍入到最接近的偶数结果而不是远离零值的结果。 " +"（例如，``round(2.5)`` 现在将返回 ``2`` 而不是 ``3``。） 现在 ``round(x[, n])`` 将委托给 " +"``x.__round__([n])`` 而不是始终返回一个浮点数。 它通常会在附带一个参数调用时返回整数而在附带两个参数调用时返回与 ``x`` " +"相同类型的值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:823 +msgid "Moved :func:`!intern` to :func:`sys.intern`." +msgstr "将 :func:`!intern` 移至 :func:`sys.intern`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:825 +msgid "" +"Removed: :func:`!apply`. Instead of ``apply(f, args)`` use ``f(*args)``." +msgstr "移除: :func:`!apply`。 原 ``apply(f, args)`` 请改用 ``f(*args)``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:828 +msgid "" +"Removed :func:`callable`. Instead of ``callable(f)`` you can use " +"``isinstance(f, collections.Callable)``. The :func:`!operator.isCallable` " +"function is also gone." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`callable`。 原 ``callable(f)`` 可以改用 ``isinstance(f, " +"collections.Callable)``。 :func:`!operator.isCallable` 函数也已不复存在。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:832 +msgid "" +"Removed :func:`!coerce`. This function no longer serves a purpose now that " +"classic classes are gone." +msgstr "移除了 :func:`!coerce`。 由于经典类已不复存在此函数也不再有用处。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:835 +msgid "" +"Removed :func:`!execfile`. Instead of ``execfile(fn)`` use " +"``exec(open(fn).read())``." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`!execfile`。 原 ``execfile(fn)`` 请改用 ``exec(open(fn).read())``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:838 +msgid "" +"Removed the :class:`!file` type. Use :func:`open`. There are now several " +"different kinds of streams that open can return in the :mod:`io` module." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :class:`!file` 类型。 请使用 :func:`open`。 当前在 :mod:`io` 模块中有多种不同类别的流可由 open " +"函数返回。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:841 +msgid "" +"Removed :func:`!reduce`. Use :func:`functools.reduce` if you really need " +"it; however, 99 percent of the time an explicit :keyword:`for` loop is more " +"readable." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`!reduce`。 如果你确实需要它可使用 :func:`functools.reduce`；不过，在百分之 99 " +"的情况下用显式的 :keyword:`for` 循环会有更好的可读性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:845 +msgid "Removed :func:`!reload`. Use :func:`!imp.reload`." +msgstr "移除了 :func:`!reload`。 请使用 :func:`!imp.reload`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:847 +msgid "" +"Removed. :meth:`!dict.has_key` -- use the :keyword:`in` operator instead." +msgstr "移除了 :meth:`!dict.has_key` -- 请改用 :keyword:`in` 运算符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:854 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Due to time constraints, here is a *very* incomplete list of changes to the " +"C API." +msgstr "由于时间约束，下面 C API 的变化列表 *非常* 不完整。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:859 +msgid "" +"Support for several platforms was dropped, including but not limited to Mac " +"OS 9, BeOS, RISCOS, Irix, and Tru64." +msgstr "已放弃对某些平台的支持，包括但不限于 Mac OS 9, BeOS, RISCOS, Irix 和 Tru64。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:862 +msgid ":pep:`3118`: New Buffer API." +msgstr ":pep:`3118`: 新的缓冲区 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:864 +msgid ":pep:`3121`: Extension Module Initialization & Finalization." +msgstr ":pep:`3121`: 扩展模块初始化与最终化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:866 +msgid ":pep:`3123`: Making :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` conform to standard C." +msgstr ":pep:`3123`: 使 :c:macro:`PyObject_HEAD` 与标准 C 一致。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:868 +msgid "No more C API support for restricted execution." +msgstr "已去除对受限执行的 C API 支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:870 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyNumber_Coerce`, :c:func:`!PyNumber_CoerceEx`, " +":c:func:`!PyMember_Get`, and :c:func:`!PyMember_Set` C APIs are removed." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyNumber_Coerce`, :c:func:`!PyNumber_CoerceEx`, " +":c:func:`!PyMember_Get` 和 :c:func:`!PyMember_Set` C API 已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:873 +msgid "" +"New C API :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`, works like " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` but won't block on the import lock " +"(returning an error instead)." +msgstr "" +"新的 C API :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`，类似于 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` 但不会因导入锁而阻塞（改为返回错误）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:877 +msgid "" +"Renamed the boolean conversion C-level slot and method: ``nb_nonzero`` is " +"now ``nb_bool``." +msgstr "重命名布尔转换的 C 层级槽位和方法: ``nb_nonzero`` 现在改为 ``nb_bool``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:880 +msgid "" +"Removed :c:macro:`!METH_OLDARGS` and :c:macro:`!WITH_CYCLE_GC` from the C " +"API." +msgstr "从 C API 中移除了 :c:macro:`!METH_OLDARGS` 和 :c:macro:`!WITH_CYCLE_GC`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:886 +msgid "Performance" +msgstr "性能" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:888 +msgid "" +"The net result of the 3.0 generalizations is that Python 3.0 runs the " +"pystone benchmark around 10% slower than Python 2.5. Most likely the " +"biggest cause is the removal of special-casing for small integers. There's " +"room for improvement, but it will happen after 3.0 is released!" +msgstr "" +"综合而言 3.0 的改变使得 Python 3.0 运行 pystone 基准测试的速度比 Python 2.5 慢了约 10%。 " +"其中最大的原因可能是移除了针对小整数的特别场景的处理。 虽然存在改进空间，但这将在 3.0 发布之后再进行！" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:898 +msgid "Porting To Python 3.0" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:900 +msgid "" +"For porting existing Python 2.5 or 2.6 source code to Python 3.0, the best " +"strategy is the following:" +msgstr "对于将现有 Python 2.5 或 2.6 源代码移植到 Python 3.0，最佳的策略如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:903 +msgid "(Prerequisite:) Start with excellent test coverage." +msgstr "（必要前提：）启动良好的测试覆盖。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:905 +msgid "" +"Port to Python 2.6. This should be no more work than the average port from " +"Python 2.x to Python 2.(x+1). Make sure all your tests pass." +msgstr "" +"移植到 Python 2.6。 这应该不会比从 Python 2.x 到 Python 2.(x+1) 的正常移植更麻烦。 请确保所有的测试均能通过。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:909 +msgid "" +"(Still using 2.6:) Turn on the :option:`!-3` command line switch. This " +"enables warnings about features that will be removed (or change) in 3.0. " +"Run your test suite again, and fix code that you get warnings about until " +"there are no warnings left, and all your tests still pass." +msgstr "" +"（仍然使用 2.6：） 打开 :option:`!-3` 命令行开关。 这将启用针对将在 3.0 中被移除（或修改）的特性的警告。 " +"再次运行你的测试套件，并修复你收到相关警告的代码直至不再有任何警告，并且所有的测试仍然能通过。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:915 +msgid "" +"Run the ``2to3`` source-to-source translator over your source code tree. " +"Run the result of the translation under Python 3.0. Manually fix up any " +"remaining issues, fixing problems until all tests pass again." +msgstr "" +"对你的源代码树运行 ``2to3`` 源代码翻译器。 在 Python 3.0 中运行翻译后的结果。 " +"手动修复任何剩余的问题，一至修复到所有的测试再度通过。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:920 +msgid "" +"It is not recommended to try to write source code that runs unchanged under " +"both Python 2.6 and 3.0; you'd have to use a very contorted coding style, " +"e.g. avoiding ``print`` statements, metaclasses, and much more. If you are " +"maintaining a library that needs to support both Python 2.6 and Python 3.0, " +"the best approach is to modify step 3 above by editing the 2.6 version of " +"the source code and running the ``2to3`` translator again, rather than " +"editing the 3.0 version of the source code." +msgstr "" +"不建议尝试编写可不加修改地同时运行于 Python 2.6 和 3.0 的源代码；你将不得不使用一种非常扭曲的代码风格，例如避免 ``print`` " +"语句、元类和许多其他特性。 如果你正在维护需要同时支持 Python 2.6 和 Python 3.0 的库，最佳做法是将上述的步骤 3 " +"修改为编辑源代码的 2.6 版本并再次运行 ``2to3`` 翻译器，而不是修改源代码的 3.0 版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.0.rst:929 +msgid "" +"For porting C extensions to Python 3.0, please see :ref:`cporting-howto`." +msgstr "有关如何将 C 扩展移植到 Python 3.0，请参阅 :ref:`cporting-howto`。" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.1.po b/whatsnew/3.1.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e692e991e --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.1.po @@ -0,0 +1,1111 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# dannyvi , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-27 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.1" +msgstr "Python 3.1 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:5 +msgid "Raymond Hettinger" +msgstr "Raymond Hettinger（译者：wh2099 at outlook dot com）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:49 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.1, compared to 3.0. " +"Python 3.1 was released on June 27, 2009." +msgstr "本文介绍了 Python 3.1 相比 3.0 的新特性。 Python 3.1 发布于 2009 年 6 月 27 日。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:54 +msgid "PEP 372: Ordered Dictionaries" +msgstr "PEP 372: 有序字典" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:56 +msgid "" +"Regular Python dictionaries iterate over key/value pairs in arbitrary order." +" Over the years, a number of authors have written alternative " +"implementations that remember the order that the keys were originally " +"inserted. Based on the experiences from those implementations, a new " +":class:`collections.OrderedDict` class has been introduced." +msgstr "" +"常规的 Python 字典会以任意顺序迭代键/值对。 多年以来，有好几位作者编写了可以记住键的初始插入顺序的替代实现。 " +"基于这些实现的经验，现在引入了新的 :class:`collections.OrderedDict` 类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:62 +msgid "" +"The OrderedDict API is substantially the same as regular dictionaries but " +"will iterate over keys and values in a guaranteed order depending on when a " +"key was first inserted. If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the " +"original insertion position is left unchanged. Deleting an entry and " +"reinserting it will move it to the end." +msgstr "" +"OrderedDict API 与常规字典基本相同，但将根据每个键首次插入的时间以有保证的顺序来迭代键和值。 " +"如果一个新条目覆盖了现有的条目，则原始插入位置会保持不变。 删除条目并重新插入则会将其移至末尾。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:68 +msgid "" +"The standard library now supports use of ordered dictionaries in several " +"modules. The :mod:`configparser` module uses them by default. This lets " +"configuration files be read, modified, and then written back in their " +"original order. The *_asdict()* method for :func:`collections.namedtuple` " +"now returns an ordered dictionary with the values appearing in the same " +"order as the underlying tuple indices. The :mod:`json` module is being " +"built-out with an *object_pairs_hook* to allow OrderedDicts to be built by " +"the decoder. Support was also added for third-party tools like `PyYAML " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"标准库现在支持在某些模块中使用有序字典。 :mod:`configparser` 模块会默认使用它们。 " +"这使得配置文件将以其原始顺序被读取、修改和重新写入。 :func:`collections.namedtuple` 的 *_asdict()* " +"方法现在会返回一个值的出现顺序与下层的元组索引号相同的有序字典。 :mod:`json` 模块已使用 *object_pairs_hook* " +"来构建以允许由解码器生成有序字典。 还添加了对第三方工具的支持如 `PyYAML `_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:79 +msgid ":pep:`372` - Ordered Dictionaries" +msgstr ":pep:`372` - 有序字典" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:80 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Armin Ronacher and Raymond Hettinger. Implementation written" +" by Raymond Hettinger." +msgstr "PEP 由 Armin Ronacher 和 Raymond Hettinger 撰写，由 Raymond Hettinger 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:83 +msgid "" +"Since an ordered dictionary remembers its insertion order, it can be used in" +" conjunction with sorting to make a sorted dictionary::" +msgstr "因为一个有序字典记住它的顺序，他可以用于连接排序字典 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:86 +msgid "" +">>> # regular unsorted dictionary\n" +">>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple':4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}\n" +"\n" +">>> # dictionary sorted by key\n" +">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[0]))\n" +"OrderedDict([('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('orange', 2), ('pear', 1)])\n" +"\n" +">>> # dictionary sorted by value\n" +">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))\n" +"OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3), ('apple', 4)])\n" +"\n" +">>> # dictionary sorted by length of the key string\n" +">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: len(t[0])))\n" +"OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('apple', 4), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3)])" +msgstr "" +">>> # 常规的无序字典\n" +">>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple':4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}\n" +"\n" +">>> # 按键排序的字典\n" +">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[0]))\n" +"OrderedDict([('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('orange', 2), ('pear', 1)])\n" +"\n" +">>> # 按值排序的字典\n" +">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[1]))\n" +"OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3), ('apple', 4)])\n" +"\n" +">>> # 按键字符串长度排序的字典\n" +">>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: len(t[0])))\n" +"OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('apple', 4), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3)])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:101 +msgid "" +"The new sorted dictionaries maintain their sort order when entries are " +"deleted. But when new keys are added, the keys are appended to the end and " +"the sort is not maintained." +msgstr "当条目删除时，新的排序字典会维护它的顺序。但如果有新的条目添加进来，键就被加入到末端，顺序就不再维护。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:107 +msgid "PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator" +msgstr "PEP 378: 千位分隔符的格式说明符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:109 +msgid "" +"The built-in :func:`format` function and the :meth:`str.format` method use a" +" mini-language that now includes a simple, non-locale aware way to format a " +"number with a thousands separator. That provides a way to humanize a " +"program's output, improving its professional appearance and readability::" +msgstr "" +"内置的 :func:`format` 函数和 :meth:`str.format` " +"方法使用的迷你语言现在包括一种以千位分隔符格式化数字的简单、不可感知语言区域的方式。 这提供了更为人性化的程序输出，提升了外观专业程度与可读性::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:114 +msgid "" +">>> format(1234567, ',d')\n" +"'1,234,567'\n" +">>> format(1234567.89, ',.2f')\n" +"'1,234,567.89'\n" +">>> format(12345.6 + 8901234.12j, ',f')\n" +"'12,345.600000+8,901,234.120000j'\n" +">>> format(Decimal('1234567.89'), ',f')\n" +"'1,234,567.89'" +msgstr "" +">>> format(1234567, ',d')\n" +"'1,234,567'\n" +">>> format(1234567.89, ',.2f')\n" +"'1,234,567.89'\n" +">>> format(12345.6 + 8901234.12j, ',f')\n" +"'12,345.600000+8,901,234.120000j'\n" +">>> format(Decimal('1234567.89'), ',f')\n" +"'1,234,567.89'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The supported types are :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex` and " +":class:`decimal.Decimal`." +msgstr "" +"支持的类型有 :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex` 和 " +":class:`decimal.Decimal`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Discussions are underway about how to specify alternative separators like " +"dots, spaces, apostrophes, or underscores. Locale-aware applications should" +" use the existing *n* format specifier which already has some support for " +"thousands separators." +msgstr "" +"目前还在讨论要如何指定替代分隔符如点号、空格、撇号或下划线等。 可感知语言区域的应用程序应当使用现有的支持千位分隔符的 *n* 格式说明符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:133 +msgid ":pep:`378` - Format Specifier for Thousands Separator" +msgstr ":pep:`378` - 千位分隔符的格式说明符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:134 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Eric Smith and Mark " +"Dickinson." +msgstr "PEP 由 Raymond Hettinger 撰写，并由 Eric Smith 和 Mark Dickinson 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:139 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:141 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:143 +msgid "" +"Directories and zip archives containing a :file:`__main__.py` file can now " +"be executed directly by passing their name to the interpreter. The " +"directory/zipfile is automatically inserted as the first entry in sys.path." +" (Suggestion and initial patch by Andy Chu; revised patch by Phillip J. Eby" +" and Nick Coghlan; :issue:`1739468`.)" +msgstr "" +"包括 :file:`__main__.py` 文件的目录和 zip 归档文件现在可通过将其名称传给解释器来直接执行。 这样的目录/zip 文件会自动作为" +" sys.path 的第一个条目插入。 （由 Andy Chu 提议并编写初始补丁；由 Phillip J. Eby 和 Nick Coghlan " +"改进补丁；:issue:`1739468`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:149 +msgid "" +"The :func:`int` type gained a ``bit_length`` method that returns the number " +"of bits necessary to represent its argument in binary::" +msgstr ":func:`int` 类型增加了一个 ``bit_length`` 方法用来返回以二进制代表其参数值所需的比特位数量::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:152 +msgid "" +">>> n = 37\n" +">>> bin(37)\n" +"'0b100101'\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"6\n" +">>> n = 2**123-1\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"123\n" +">>> (n+1).bit_length()\n" +"124" +msgstr "" +">>> n = 37\n" +">>> bin(37)\n" +"'0b100101'\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"6\n" +">>> n = 2**123-1\n" +">>> n.bit_length()\n" +"123\n" +">>> (n+1).bit_length()\n" +"124" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:163 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Fredrik Johansson, Victor Stinner, Raymond Hettinger, and " +"Mark Dickinson; :issue:`3439`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Fredrik Johansson, Victor Stinner, Raymond Hettinger 和 Mark Dickinson 在 " +":issue:`3439` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:166 +msgid "" +"The fields in :func:`format` strings can now be automatically numbered::" +msgstr ":func:`format` 字符串中的字段现在可被自动编号::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:169 +msgid "" +">>> 'Sir {} of {}'.format('Gallahad', 'Camelot')\n" +"'Sir Gallahad of Camelot'" +msgstr "" +">>> 'Sir {} of {}'.format('Gallahad', 'Camelot')\n" +"'Sir Gallahad of Camelot'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:172 +msgid "" +"Formerly, the string would have required numbered fields such as: ``'Sir {0}" +" of {1}'``." +msgstr "之前，字符串应当具有所需的编号字段例如: ``'Sir {0} of {1}'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:175 +msgid "(Contributed by Eric Smith; :issue:`5237`.)" +msgstr "（由 Eric Smith在 :issue:`5237` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:177 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!string.maketrans` function is deprecated and is replaced by new " +"static methods, :meth:`bytes.maketrans` and :meth:`bytearray.maketrans`. " +"This change solves the confusion around which types were supported by the " +":mod:`string` module. Now, :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, and " +":class:`bytearray` each have their own **maketrans** and **translate** " +"methods with intermediate translation tables of the appropriate type." +msgstr "" +":func:`!string.maketrans` 函数已被弃用并由新的静态方法 :meth:`bytes.maketrans` 和 " +":meth:`bytearray.maketrans` 所取代。 这项更改解决了对于 :mod:`string` 模块所支持的类型的困惑。 " +"现在，:class:`str`, :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 分别拥有它们自己的具有适当类型的中间转译表的 " +"**maketrans** 和 **translate** 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:184 +msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl; :issue:`5675`.)" +msgstr "（由Georg Brandl在 :issue:`5675` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:186 +msgid "" +"The syntax of the :keyword:`with` statement now allows multiple context " +"managers in a single statement::" +msgstr "The syntax of the :keyword:`with` 语句的语法现在允许单个语句中存在多个上下文管理器::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:189 +msgid "" +">>> with open('mylog.txt') as infile, open('a.out', 'w') as outfile:\n" +"... for line in infile:\n" +"... if '' in line:\n" +"... outfile.write(line)" +msgstr "" +">>> with open('mylog.txt') as infile, open('a.out', 'w') as outfile:\n" +"... for line in infile:\n" +"... if '' in line:\n" +"... outfile.write(line)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:194 +msgid "" +"With the new syntax, the :func:`!contextlib.nested` function is no longer " +"needed and is now deprecated." +msgstr "有了这个新语法，:func:`!contextlib.nested` 函数已不再必要因而现在已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:197 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Georg Brandl and Mattias Brändström; `appspot issue 53094 " +"`_.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Georg Brandl 和 Mattias Brändström 贡献; `appspot issue 53094 " +"`_。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:200 +msgid "" +"``round(x, n)`` now returns an integer if *x* is an integer. Previously it " +"returned a float::" +msgstr "现在 ``round(x, n)`` 当 *x* 为整数时将返回整数。 之前是返回浮点数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:203 +msgid "" +">>> round(1123, -2)\n" +"1100" +msgstr "" +">>> round(1123, -2)\n" +"1100" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:206 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4707`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson在 :issue:`4707` 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:208 +msgid "" +"Python now uses David Gay's algorithm for finding the shortest floating-" +"point representation that doesn't change its value. This should help " +"mitigate some of the confusion surrounding binary floating-point numbers." +msgstr "Python 现在使用 David Gay 的算法来查找不会改变实际值的最短浮点表示形式。 这应当有助于缓解某些对于二进制浮点数的困惑。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:213 +msgid "" +"The significance is easily seen with a number like ``1.1`` which does not " +"have an exact equivalent in binary floating point. Since there is no exact " +"equivalent, an expression like ``float('1.1')`` evaluates to the nearest " +"representable value which is ``0x1.199999999999ap+0`` in hex or " +"``1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625`` in decimal. That " +"nearest value was and still is used in subsequent floating-point " +"calculations." +msgstr "" +"这项改进的优点对于 ``1.1`` 这样无法用二进制浮点精确表示的数来说是很明显的。 由于没有完全等价的表示，``float('1.1')`` " +"这样的表达式会被求解为最接近的可表示值即十六进制的 ``0x1.199999999999ap+0`` 或十进制的 " +"``1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625``。 " +"这个最接近的值过去和现在仍然会在后续的浮点运算中被使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:221 +msgid "" +"What is new is how the number gets displayed. Formerly, Python used a " +"simple approach. The value of ``repr(1.1)`` was computed as ``format(1.1, " +"'.17g')`` which evaluated to ``'1.1000000000000001'``. The advantage of " +"using 17 digits was that it relied on IEEE-754 guarantees to assure that " +"``eval(repr(1.1))`` would round-trip exactly to its original value. The " +"disadvantage is that many people found the output to be confusing (mistaking" +" intrinsic limitations of binary floating-point representation as being a " +"problem with Python itself)." +msgstr "" +"新的改变针对的是如何显示数字。 在之前，Python 使用了一种简单的方式。 ``repr(1.1)`` 的值会被计算为 ``format(1.1, " +"'.17g')`` 并将被求解为 ``'1.1000000000000001'``。 使用 17 个数位的优点是它将凭借 IEEE-754 标准来确保 " +"``eval(repr(1.1))`` 将恰好被舍入到其原始值。 缺点则是会让许多人感觉这样的输出令人困惑（将二进制浮点表示形式的内在局限性误认为是 " +"Python 本身的问题）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:230 +msgid "" +"The new algorithm for ``repr(1.1)`` is smarter and returns ``'1.1'``. " +"Effectively, it searches all equivalent string representations (ones that " +"get stored with the same underlying float value) and returns the shortest " +"representation." +msgstr "" +"用于 ``repr(1.1)`` 的新算法更为智能并将返回 ``'1.1'``。 " +"在实际上，它会搜索所有等价的字符串表示形式（使用相同的下层浮点值进行排序）并返回其中最短的表示形式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:235 +msgid "" +"The new algorithm tends to emit cleaner representations when possible, but " +"it does not change the underlying values. So, it is still the case that " +"``1.1 + 2.2 != 3.3`` even though the representations may suggest otherwise." +msgstr "" +"新算法倾向于尽可能放出更为清晰的表示形式，但它并不改变下层的值。 因此仍然会是 ``1.1 + 2.2 != 3.3`` " +"虽然从表示形式上看情况不是这样。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:239 +msgid "" +"The new algorithm depends on certain features in the underlying floating-" +"point implementation. If the required features are not found, the old " +"algorithm will continue to be used. Also, the text pickle protocols assure " +"cross-platform portability by using the old algorithm." +msgstr "" +"这个新算法依赖于下层浮点实现的某些特性。 如果未找到所需的特性，则将继续使用旧算法。 此外，文本 pickle " +"协议也会通过使用旧算法来保证跨平台的可移植性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:244 +msgid "(Contributed by Eric Smith and Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1580`)" +msgstr "（由 Eric Smith 和 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`1580` 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:247 +msgid "New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules" +msgstr "新增，改进和弃用的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:249 +msgid "" +"Added a :class:`collections.Counter` class to support convenient counting of" +" unique items in a sequence or iterable::" +msgstr "增加了一个 :class:`collections.Counter` 类以支持方便地统计一个序列或可迭代对象中的唯一条目数量。::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:252 +msgid "" +">>> Counter(['red', 'blue', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'blue'])\n" +"Counter({'blue': 3, 'red': 2, 'green': 1})" +msgstr "" +">>> Counter(['red', 'blue', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'blue'])\n" +"Counter({'blue': 3, 'red': 2, 'green': 1})" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:255 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1696199`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`1696199` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:257 +msgid "" +"Added a new module, :mod:`tkinter.ttk` for access to the Tk themed widget " +"set. The basic idea of ttk is to separate, to the extent possible, the code " +"implementing a widget's behavior from the code implementing its appearance." +msgstr "" +"半圆了一个新模块 :mod:`tkinter.ttk` 用于访问带主题的 Tk 部件集。 ttk " +"的基本设计思路，就是尽可能地把实现部件行为的代码与实现其外观的代码分离开来。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:261 +msgid "(Contributed by Guilherme Polo; :issue:`2983`.)" +msgstr "（由 Guilherme Polo 在 :issue:`2983` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:263 +msgid "" +"The :class:`gzip.GzipFile` and :class:`bz2.BZ2File` classes now support the " +"context management protocol::" +msgstr ":class:`gzip.GzipFile` 和 :class:`bz2.BZ2File` 类现在已支持上下文管理协议::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:266 +msgid "" +">>> # Automatically close file after writing\n" +">>> with gzip.GzipFile(filename, \"wb\") as f:\n" +"... f.write(b\"xxx\")" +msgstr "" +">>> # 写入后自动关闭文件\n" +">>> with gzip.GzipFile(filename, \"wb\") as f:\n" +"... f.write(b\"xxx\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:270 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:272 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`decimal` module now supports methods for creating a decimal object" +" from a binary :class:`float`. The conversion is exact but can sometimes be" +" surprising::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`decimal` 模块现在支持基于一个二进制 :class:`float` 来创建 decimal 对象。 " +"转换是准确的但有时也会令人吃惊::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:276 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal.from_float(1.1)\n" +"Decimal('1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625')" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal.from_float(1.1)\n" +"Decimal('1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:279 +msgid "" +"The long decimal result shows the actual binary fraction being stored for " +"*1.1*. The fraction has many digits because *1.1* cannot be exactly " +"represented in binary." +msgstr "这个长长的 decimal 结果值显示了 *1.1* 所保存的实际二进制分数。 这个分数有许多位因为 *1.1* 无法用二进制来精确表示。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:283 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Mark Dickinson.)" +msgstr "（由Raymond Hettinger 和 Mark Dickinson贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:285 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`itertools` module grew two new functions. The " +":func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement` function is one of four for " +"generating combinatorics including permutations and Cartesian products. The" +" :func:`itertools.compress` function mimics its namesake from APL. Also, " +"the existing :func:`itertools.count` function now has an optional *step* " +"argument and can accept any type of counting sequence including " +":class:`fractions.Fraction` and :class:`decimal.Decimal`::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`itertools` 模块增加了两个新函数。 :func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement`" +" 函数是生成组合数学结果包括排列与笛卡尔积的四个函数之一。 :func:`itertools.compress` 函数模仿了 APL 中的同名函数。 " +"此外，现有的 :func:`itertools.count` 函数现在有一个可选的 *step* 参数并可接受任意类型的计数序列包括 " +":class:`fractions.Fraction` 和 :class:`decimal.Decimal`::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:294 +msgid "" +">>> [p+q for p,q in combinations_with_replacement('LOVE', 2)]\n" +"['LL', 'LO', 'LV', 'LE', 'OO', 'OV', 'OE', 'VV', 'VE', 'EE']\n" +"\n" +">>> list(compress(data=range(10), selectors=[0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0]))\n" +"[2, 3, 5, 7]\n" +"\n" +">>> c = count(start=Fraction(1,2), step=Fraction(1,6))\n" +">>> [next(c), next(c), next(c), next(c)]\n" +"[Fraction(1, 2), Fraction(2, 3), Fraction(5, 6), Fraction(1, 1)]" +msgstr "" +">>> [p+q for p,q in combinations_with_replacement('LOVE', 2)]\n" +"['LL', 'LO', 'LV', 'LE', 'OO', 'OV', 'OE', 'VV', 'VE', 'EE']\n" +"\n" +">>> list(compress(data=range(10), selectors=[0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0]))\n" +"[2, 3, 5, 7]\n" +"\n" +">>> c = count(start=Fraction(1,2), step=Fraction(1,6))\n" +">>> [next(c), next(c), next(c), next(c)]\n" +"[Fraction(1, 2), Fraction(2, 3), Fraction(5, 6), Fraction(1, 1)]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:304 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:306 +msgid "" +":func:`collections.namedtuple` now supports a keyword argument *rename* " +"which lets invalid fieldnames be automatically converted to positional names" +" in the form _0, _1, etc. This is useful when the field names are being " +"created by an external source such as a CSV header, SQL field list, or user " +"input::" +msgstr "" +":func:`collections.namedtuple` 现在支持关键字参数 *rename*，它允许将无效的字段名自动转换为 _0, _1 " +"等形式的位置名称。 这在字段名是由外部源如 CSV 标头、SQL 字段列表或用户输入创建的时候会很有用处::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:312 +msgid "" +">>> query = input()\n" +"SELECT region, dept, count(*) FROM main GROUPBY region, dept\n" +"\n" +">>> cursor.execute(query)\n" +">>> query_fields = [desc[0] for desc in cursor.description]\n" +">>> UserQuery = namedtuple('UserQuery', query_fields, rename=True)\n" +">>> pprint.pprint([UserQuery(*row) for row in cursor])\n" +"[UserQuery(region='South', dept='Shipping', _2=185),\n" +" UserQuery(region='North', dept='Accounting', _2=37),\n" +" UserQuery(region='West', dept='Sales', _2=419)]" +msgstr "" +">>> query = input()\n" +"SELECT region, dept, count(*) FROM main GROUPBY region, dept\n" +"\n" +">>> cursor.execute(query)\n" +">>> query_fields = [desc[0] for desc in cursor.description]\n" +">>> UserQuery = namedtuple('UserQuery', query_fields, rename=True)\n" +">>> pprint.pprint([UserQuery(*row) for row in cursor])\n" +"[UserQuery(region='South', dept='Shipping', _2=185),\n" +" UserQuery(region='North', dept='Accounting', _2=37),\n" +" UserQuery(region='West', dept='Sales', _2=419)]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:323 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1818`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`1818` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:325 +msgid "" +"The :func:`re.sub`, :func:`re.subn` and :func:`re.split` functions now " +"accept a flags parameter." +msgstr "" +":func:`re.sub`, :func:`re.subn` 和 :func:`re.split` 函数现在可接受一个 flags 形参。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:328 +msgid "(Contributed by Gregory Smith.)" +msgstr "（由 Gregory Smith 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:330 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`logging` module now implements a simple " +":class:`logging.NullHandler` class for applications that are not using " +"logging but are calling library code that does. Setting-up a null handler " +"will suppress spurious warnings such as \"No handlers could be found for " +"logger foo\"::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`logging` 模块现在为不使用 logging 但是调用了使用它的库代码的应用程序实现了一个简单的 " +":class:`logging.NullHandler` 类。 设置一个空处理器将会屏蔽诸如 \"找不到日志记录器 foo 的处理器\" " +"这样的虚假警告::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:335 +msgid "" +">>> h = logging.NullHandler()\n" +">>> logging.getLogger(\"foo\").addHandler(h)" +msgstr "" +">>> h = logging.NullHandler()\n" +">>> logging.getLogger(\"foo\").addHandler(h)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:338 +msgid "(Contributed by Vinay Sajip; :issue:`4384`)." +msgstr "（由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`4384` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:340 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`runpy` module which supports the ``-m`` command line switch now " +"supports the execution of packages by looking for and executing a " +"``__main__`` submodule when a package name is supplied." +msgstr "" +"支持 ``-m`` 命令行开关的 :mod:`runpy` 模块现在也支持当提供包名称时通过查找并执行 ``__main__`` 子模块来执行包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:344 +msgid "(Contributed by Andi Vajda; :issue:`4195`.)" +msgstr "（由 Andi Vajda 在 :issue:`4195` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:346 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pdb` module can now access and display source code loaded via " +":mod:`zipimport` (or any other conformant :pep:`302` loader)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pdb` 模块现在可以访问并显示通过 :mod:`zipimport` (或其他符合规范的 :pep:`302` 加载器) 加载的源代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:349 +msgid "(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`4201`.)" +msgstr "（由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:`4201` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:351 +msgid ":class:`functools.partial` objects can now be pickled." +msgstr ":class:`functools.partial` 对象现在可以被封存。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:353 +msgid "" +"(Suggested by Antoine Pitrou and Jesse Noller. Implemented by Jack " +"Diederich; :issue:`5228`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Jesse Noller 提议，由 Jack Diederich 实现; :issue:`5228`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:356 +msgid "" +"Add :mod:`pydoc` help topics for symbols so that ``help('@')`` works as " +"expected in the interactive environment." +msgstr "为符号增加 :mod:`pydoc` 帮助主题以使得在交互环境下 ``help('@')`` 能符合预期的效果。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:359 +msgid "(Contributed by David Laban; :issue:`4739`.)" +msgstr "（由 David Laban 在 :issue:`4739` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:361 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` module now supports skipping individual tests or classes" +" of tests. And it supports marking a test as an expected failure, a test " +"that is known to be broken, but shouldn't be counted as a failure on a " +"TestResult::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`unittest` 模块现在支持跳过单个测试或测试类。 并且它还支持将一个测试标记为已预期会失败，即已经知道不可用，但不应在 " +"TestResult 上被计为一次失败::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:366 +msgid "" +"class TestGizmo(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith(\"win\"), \"requires Windows\")\n" +" def test_gizmo_on_windows(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.expectedFailure\n" +" def test_gimzo_without_required_library(self):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class TestGizmo(unittest.TestCase):\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith(\"win\"), \"requires Windows\")\n" +" def test_gizmo_on_windows(self):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" @unittest.expectedFailure\n" +" def test_gimzo_without_required_library(self):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Also, tests for exceptions have been builtout to work with context managers " +"using the :keyword:`with` statement::" +msgstr "此外，还创建了一些针对异常的测试以便与使用 :keyword:`with` 语句的上下文管理器一起工作::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:379 +msgid "" +"def test_division_by_zero(self):\n" +" with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):\n" +" x / 0" +msgstr "" +"def test_division_by_zero(self):\n" +" with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):\n" +" x / 0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:383 +msgid "" +"In addition, several new assertion methods were added including " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSetEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertDictEqual`, " +":meth:`!assertDictContainsSubset`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertListEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertTupleEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSequenceEqual`, :meth:`assertRaisesRegexp() " +"`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNone`, and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNotNone`." +msgstr "" +"此外，还新增了一些断言方法包括 :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSetEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertDictEqual`, " +":meth:`!assertDictContainsSubset`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertListEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertTupleEqual`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSequenceEqual`, :meth:`assertRaisesRegexp() " +"`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNone` 和 " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNotNone`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:394 +msgid "(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson and Antoine Pitrou.)" +msgstr "（由Benjamin Peterson 和 Antoine Pitrou 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:396 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`io` module has three new constants for the :meth:`~io.IOBase.seek`" +" method: :data:`~os.SEEK_SET`, :data:`~os.SEEK_CUR`, and " +":data:`~os.SEEK_END`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`io` 模块新增了三个常量用于 :meth:`~io.IOBase.seek` 方法: :data:`~os.SEEK_SET`, " +":data:`~os.SEEK_CUR` 和 :data:`~os.SEEK_END`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:399 +msgid "The :data:`sys.version_info` tuple is now a named tuple::" +msgstr ":data:`sys.version_info` 元组现在是一个具名元组::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:401 +msgid "" +">>> sys.version_info\n" +"sys.version_info(major=3, minor=1, micro=0, releaselevel='alpha', serial=2)" +msgstr "" +">>> sys.version_info\n" +"sys.version_info(major=3, minor=1, micro=0, releaselevel='alpha', serial=2)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:404 +msgid "(Contributed by Ross Light; :issue:`4285`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ross Light 在 :issue:`4285` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:406 +msgid "The :mod:`!nntplib` and :mod:`imaplib` modules now support IPv6." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`!nntplib` 和 :mod:`imaplib` 模块已支持 IPv6。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:408 +msgid "(Contributed by Derek Morr; :issue:`1655` and :issue:`1664`.)" +msgstr "（由 Derek Morr 在 :issue:`1655` 和 :issue:`1664` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:410 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pickle` module has been adapted for better interoperability with " +"Python 2.x when used with protocol 2 or lower. The reorganization of the " +"standard library changed the formal reference for many objects. For " +"example, ``__builtin__.set`` in Python 2 is called ``builtins.set`` in " +"Python 3. This change confounded efforts to share data between different " +"versions of Python. But now when protocol 2 or lower is selected, the " +"pickler will automatically use the old Python 2 names for both loading and " +"dumping. This remapping is turned-on by default but can be disabled with the" +" *fix_imports* option::" +msgstr "" +"当使用协议 2 或更低的版本时，:mod:`pickle` 模块已被调适以获得与 Python 2.x 更好的互操作性。 " +"标准库的重组改变了对于许多对象的正式引用。 例如，Python 2 中的 ``__builtin__.set`` 在 Python 3 中称为 " +"``builtins.set``。 这一改变使得在不同版本的 Python 之间共享数据的努力陷入混乱。 但是现在当选择协议 2 " +"或更低的版本时，封存器将自动使用旧的 Python 2 名称进行加载和转储。 这样的重映射将默认启用但可以通过 *fix_imports* " +"选项来禁用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:420 +msgid "" +">>> s = {1, 2, 3}\n" +">>> pickle.dumps(s, protocol=0)\n" +"b'c__builtin__\\nset\\np0\\n((lp1\\nL1L\\naL2L\\naL3L\\natp2\\nRp3\\n.'\n" +">>> pickle.dumps(s, protocol=0, fix_imports=False)\n" +"b'cbuiltins\\nset\\np0\\n((lp1\\nL1L\\naL2L\\naL3L\\natp2\\nRp3\\n.'" +msgstr "" +">>> s = {1, 2, 3}\n" +">>> pickle.dumps(s, protocol=0)\n" +"b'c__builtin__\\nset\\np0\\n((lp1\\nL1L\\naL2L\\naL3L\\natp2\\nRp3\\n.'\n" +">>> pickle.dumps(s, protocol=0, fix_imports=False)\n" +"b'cbuiltins\\nset\\np0\\n((lp1\\nL1L\\naL2L\\naL3L\\natp2\\nRp3\\n.'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:426 +msgid "" +"An unfortunate but unavoidable side-effect of this change is that protocol 2" +" pickles produced by Python 3.1 won't be readable with Python 3.0. The " +"latest pickle protocol, protocol 3, should be used when migrating data " +"between Python 3.x implementations, as it doesn't attempt to remain " +"compatible with Python 2.x." +msgstr "" +"这项改变的一个不幸但无可避免的副作用是由 Python 3.1 所产生的协议 2 版本的 pickle 对象对于 Python 3.0 将不可读。 当在" +" Python 3.x 实现之间迁移数据时，应当使用最新的协议 3 版本的 pickle 协议，因为它不会试图与 Python 2.x 保持兼容。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:432 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Alexandre Vassalotti and Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`6137`.)" +msgstr "（由 Alexandre Vassalotti 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`6137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:434 +msgid "" +"A new module, :mod:`importlib` was added. It provides a complete, portable," +" pure Python reference implementation of the :keyword:`import` statement and" +" its counterpart, the :func:`__import__` function. It represents a " +"substantial step forward in documenting and defining the actions that take " +"place during imports." +msgstr "" +"增加了一个新模块 :mod:`importlib`。 它提供了针对 :keyword:`import` 语句及其对应物 " +":func:`__import__` 函数的完整、可移植的纯 Python 引用实现。 它代表了在记录和定义导入期间所发生的行动中实质性的一步。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:440 +msgid "(Contributed by Brett Cannon.)" +msgstr "（由 Brett Cannon 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:443 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:445 +msgid "Major performance enhancements have been added:" +msgstr "已增加的主要性能改善:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:447 +msgid "" +"The new I/O library (as defined in :pep:`3116`) was mostly written in Python" +" and quickly proved to be a problematic bottleneck in Python 3.0. In Python " +"3.1, the I/O library has been entirely rewritten in C and is 2 to 20 times " +"faster depending on the task at hand. The pure Python version is still " +"available for experimentation purposes through the ``_pyio`` module." +msgstr "" +"新的 I/O 库（如 :pep:`3116` 所定义的）主要是用 Python 编写并很快被证明是 Python 3.0 中的一个问题瓶颈。 在 " +"Python 3.1 中，I/O 库已完全用 C 重写并根据具体任务的不同有 2 到 20 倍的速度提升。 纯 Python 版本仍然可通过 " +"``_pyio`` 模块访问以用于实验性目的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:454 +msgid "(Contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc and Antoine Pitrou.)" +msgstr "（由 Amaury Forgeot d'Arc 和 Antoine Pitrou 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:456 +msgid "" +"Added a heuristic so that tuples and dicts containing only untrackable " +"objects are not tracked by the garbage collector. This can reduce the size " +"of collections and therefore the garbage collection overhead on long-running" +" programs, depending on their particular use of datatypes." +msgstr "" +"添加了一个启发式的工具以使仅包含不可追踪对象的元组和字典不会被垃圾回收器所追踪。 " +"这可以减少收集数据的大小从而减少长时间运行的程序的垃圾收集开销，具体取决于它们对类型类型的使用方式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:461 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`4688`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`4688` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:463 +msgid "" +"Enabling a configure option named ``--with-computed-gotos`` on compilers " +"that support it (notably: gcc, SunPro, icc), the bytecode evaluation loop is" +" compiled with a new dispatch mechanism which gives speedups of up to 20%, " +"depending on the system, the compiler, and the benchmark." +msgstr "" +"通过在受支持的编译器（主要有: gcc, SunPro, icc）上启用名为 ``--with-computed-gotos`` " +"的配置选项，字节码求值循环会使用新的分派机制进行编译，根据系统、编译器和基准测试工具的不同，该机制可获得至多 20% 的速度提升。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:469 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou along with a number of other participants, " +":issue:`4753`)." +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 以及其他一些参与者在 :issue:`4753` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:472 +msgid "" +"The decoding of UTF-8, UTF-16 and LATIN-1 is now two to four times faster." +msgstr "UTF-8, UTF-16 和 LATIN-1 的解码速度现已提升了二至四倍。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:475 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Amaury Forgeot d'Arc, :issue:`4868`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Amaury Forgeot d'Arc 在 :issue:`4868` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:477 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`json` module now has a C extension to substantially improve its " +"performance. In addition, the API was modified so that json works only with" +" :class:`str`, not with :class:`bytes`. That change makes the module " +"closely match the `JSON specification `_ which is defined" +" in terms of Unicode." +msgstr "" +":mod:`json` 模块现在有了一个可显著提升其性能的 C 扩展。 此外，还对 API 进行了修改以使 json 只适用于 " +":class:`str`，而不再适用于 :class:`bytes`。 这一修改使得该模块能与基于 Unicode 的 `JSON 规范 " +"`_ 紧密匹配。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:483 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Bob Ippolito and converted to Py3.1 by Antoine Pitrou and " +"Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`4136`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Bob Ippolito 在 :issue:`4136` 中贡献。并由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Benjamin Peterson " +"转换为Py3.1）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:486 +msgid "" +"Unpickling now interns the attribute names of pickled objects. This saves " +"memory and allows pickles to be smaller." +msgstr "解封操作现在将固定已封存对象的属性名称。 这可以节省内存并让封存对象变得更小。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:489 +msgid "(Contributed by Jake McGuire and Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`5084`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jake McGuire 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`5084` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:492 +msgid "IDLE" +msgstr "IDLE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:494 +msgid "" +"IDLE's format menu now provides an option to strip trailing whitespace from " +"a source file." +msgstr "IDLE 的格式菜单现在提供了一个从源文件中去除尾部空格的选项。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:497 +msgid "(Contributed by Roger D. Serwy; :issue:`5150`.)" +msgstr "（由 Roger D. Serwy 在 :issue:`5150` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:500 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:502 +msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" +msgstr "针对 Python 构建过程和 C API 的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:504 +msgid "" +"Integers are now stored internally either in base ``2**15`` or in base " +"``2**30``, the base being determined at build time. Previously, they were " +"always stored in base ``2**15``. Using base ``2**30`` gives significant " +"performance improvements on 64-bit machines, but benchmark results on 32-bit" +" machines have been mixed. Therefore, the default is to use base ``2**30`` " +"on 64-bit machines and base ``2**15`` on 32-bit machines; on Unix, there's a" +" new configure option ``--enable-big-digits`` that can be used to override " +"this default." +msgstr "" +"现在整数在内部是以 ``2**15`` 为基数或以 ``2**30`` 为基数来存储的，这个基数会在构建时被确定。 在之前版本中，它们总是以 " +"``2**15`` 为基数来存储。 在 64 位机器上使用 ``2**30`` 为基数可显著提升性能，但在 32 位机器上的基准测试结果则好坏参半。 " +"因此，默认会在 64 位机器上使用 ``2**30`` 为基数而在 32 位机器上使用 ``2**15`` 为基数；在 Unix 上，有一个新的配置选项" +" ``--enable-big-digits`` 可被用于覆盖此默认值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:513 +msgid "" +"Apart from the performance improvements this change should be invisible to " +"end users, with one exception: for testing and debugging purposes there's a " +"new :data:`sys.int_info` that provides information about the internal " +"format, giving the number of bits per digit and the size in bytes of the C " +"type used to store each digit::" +msgstr "" +"除了性能提升之外这项改变对于最终用户来说应当是不可见的，只有一个例外：出于测试和调试目的有一个新的提供相关内部格式信息的 " +":data:`sys.int_info`，它给出了每个数位对应的比特位数和用户存储每个数位的以字节数表示的 C 类型大小::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:519 +msgid "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.int_info\n" +"sys.int_info(bits_per_digit=30, sizeof_digit=4)" +msgstr "" +">>> import sys\n" +">>> sys.int_info\n" +"sys.int_info(bits_per_digit=30, sizeof_digit=4)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:523 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4258`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson在 :issue:`4258` 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:525 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong()` function now handles a negative " +"*pylong* by raising :exc:`OverflowError` instead of :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong()` 函数现在将通过引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 而不是 " +":exc:`TypeError` 来处理负的 *pylong*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:528 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Lisandro Dalcrin; :issue:`5175`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 和 Lisandro Dalcrin 在 :issue:`5175` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:530 +msgid "" +"Deprecated :c:func:`!PyNumber_Int`. Use :c:func:`PyNumber_Long` instead." +msgstr "已弃用 :c:func:`!PyNumber_Int`。 请改用 :c:func:`PyNumber_Long`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:532 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4910`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson在 :issue:`4910` 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Added a new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function to replace the " +"deprecated functions :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod` and " +":c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_atof`." +msgstr "" +"新增了 :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` 函数以取代已弃用的函数 :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_strtod`" +" 和 :c:func:`!PyOS_ascii_atof`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:537 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5914`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`5914` 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:539 +msgid "" +"Added :c:type:`PyCapsule` as a replacement for the :c:type:`!PyCObject` API." +" The principal difference is that the new type has a well defined interface " +"for passing typing safety information and a less complicated signature for " +"calling a destructor. The old type had a problematic API and is now " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:type:`PyCapsule` 作为 :c:type:`!PyCObject` API 的替代。 " +"主要区别在于新类型拥有一个定义良好的接口用来传递类型安全信息以及一个较低复杂度的签名用来调用析构器。 旧类型的 API 存在问题且现已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:545 +msgid "(Contributed by Larry Hastings; :issue:`5630`.)" +msgstr "（由 Larry Hastings 在 :issue:`5630` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:548 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.1" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:550 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code:" +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的改变以及可能需要修改你的代码的其他问题修正:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:553 +msgid "" +"The new floating-point string representations can break existing doctests. " +"For example::" +msgstr "新的浮点字符串表示形式可能会破坏现有的 doctest。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:556 +msgid "" +"def e():\n" +" '''Compute the base of natural logarithms.\n" +"\n" +" >>> e()\n" +" 2.7182818284590451\n" +"\n" +" '''\n" +" return sum(1/math.factorial(x) for x in reversed(range(30)))\n" +"\n" +"doctest.testmod()\n" +"\n" +"**********************************************************************\n" +"Failed example:\n" +" e()\n" +"Expected:\n" +" 2.7182818284590451\n" +"Got:\n" +" 2.718281828459045\n" +"**********************************************************************" +msgstr "" +"def e():\n" +" '''计算自然对数的底数。\n" +"\n" +" >>> e()\n" +" 2.7182818284590451\n" +"\n" +" '''\n" +" return sum(1/math.factorial(x) for x in reversed(range(30)))\n" +"\n" +"doctest.testmod()\n" +"\n" +"**********************************************************************\n" +"Failed example:\n" +" e()\n" +"Expected:\n" +" 2.7182818284590451\n" +"Got:\n" +" 2.718281828459045\n" +"**********************************************************************" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.1.rst:576 +msgid "" +"The automatic name remapping in the pickle module for protocol 2 or lower " +"can make Python 3.1 pickles unreadable in Python 3.0. One solution is to " +"use protocol 3. Another solution is to set the *fix_imports* option to " +"``False``. See the discussion above for more details." +msgstr "" +"在 pickle 模块中用于协议 2 或更低版本的自动名称重映射会使得 Python 3.1 的 pickle 在 Python 3.0 中无法读取。 " +"一种解决方案是使用协议 3。 另一种解决方案是将 *fix_imports* 选项设为 ``False``。 请参阅上面的讨论来了解更多细节。" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.10.po b/whatsnew/3.10.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..447ac635d --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.10.po @@ -0,0 +1,4613 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# Arisaka97 , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# hanfeng , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# Fred , 2022 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-29 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.10" +msgstr "Python 3.10 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:0 +msgid "Editor" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:5 +msgid "Pablo Galindo Salgado" +msgstr "Pablo Galindo Salgado" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.10, compared to 3.9. " +"Python 3.10 was released on October 4, 2021. For full details, see the " +":ref:`changelog `." +msgstr "" +"这篇文章介绍了 Python 3.10 相比 3.9 增加的新特性。 Python 3.10 发布于 2021 年 10 月 14 日。 " +"更详细的信息可参阅 :ref:`更新日志 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:52 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:60 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:62 +msgid ":pep:`634`, Structural Pattern Matching: Specification" +msgstr ":pep:`634`, 结构化模式匹配: 规范说明" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:63 +msgid ":pep:`635`, Structural Pattern Matching: Motivation and Rationale" +msgstr ":pep:`635`, 结构化模式匹配: 动机与理由" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:64 +msgid ":pep:`636`, Structural Pattern Matching: Tutorial" +msgstr ":pep:`636`, 结构化模式匹配: 教程" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:65 +msgid "" +":issue:`12782`, Parenthesized context managers are now officially allowed." +msgstr ":issue:`12782`，加圆括号的上下文管理器现在正式被允许使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:67 +msgid "New features in the standard library:" +msgstr "标准库中的新特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:69 +msgid ":pep:`618`, Add Optional Length-Checking To zip." +msgstr ":pep:`618`，向 zip 添加可选的长度检查。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:71 +msgid "Interpreter improvements:" +msgstr "解释器的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:73 +msgid ":pep:`626`, Precise line numbers for debugging and other tools." +msgstr ":pep:`626`，在调试和其他工具中使用精确的行号。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:75 +msgid "New typing features:" +msgstr "新的类型标注特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:77 +msgid ":pep:`604`, Allow writing union types as X | Y" +msgstr ":pep:`604`，允许 X | Y 形式的联合类型写法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:78 +msgid ":pep:`612`, Parameter Specification Variables" +msgstr ":pep:`612`，形参规格变量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:79 +msgid ":pep:`613`, Explicit Type Aliases" +msgstr ":pep:`613`，显式类型别名" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:80 +msgid ":pep:`647`, User-Defined Type Guards" +msgstr ":pep:`647`，用户自定义的类型保护器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:82 +msgid "Important deprecations, removals or restrictions:" +msgstr "重要的弃用、移除或限制：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:84 +msgid ":pep:`644`, Require OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer" +msgstr ":pep:`644`，要求 OpenSSL 1.1.1 或更新的版本" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:85 +msgid ":pep:`632`, Deprecate distutils module." +msgstr ":pep:`632`，弃用 distutils 模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:86 +msgid "" +":pep:`623`, Deprecate and prepare for the removal of the wstr member in " +"PyUnicodeObject." +msgstr ":pep:`623`，弃用并准备移除 PyUnicodeObject 中的 wstr 成员。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:87 +msgid ":pep:`624`, Remove Py_UNICODE encoder APIs" +msgstr ":pep:`624`，移除 Py_UNICODE 编码器 API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:88 +msgid ":pep:`597`, Add optional EncodingWarning" +msgstr ":pep:`597`，增加可选的 EncodingWarning" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:92 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2053 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:97 +msgid "Parenthesized context managers" +msgstr "带圆括号的上下文管理器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:99 +msgid "" +"Using enclosing parentheses for continuation across multiple lines in " +"context managers is now supported. This allows formatting a long collection " +"of context managers in multiple lines in a similar way as it was previously " +"possible with import statements. For instance, all these examples are now " +"valid:" +msgstr "" +"现在已支持使用外层圆括号来使多个上下文管理器可以连续多行地书写。 这允许将过长的上下文管理器集能够以与之前 import " +"语句类似的方式格式化为多行的形式。 例如，以下这些示例写法现在都是有效的:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:105 +msgid "" +"with (CtxManager() as example):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (\n" +" CtxManager1(),\n" +" CtxManager2()\n" +"):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (CtxManager1() as example,\n" +" CtxManager2()):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (CtxManager1(),\n" +" CtxManager2() as example):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (\n" +" CtxManager1() as example1,\n" +" CtxManager2() as example2\n" +"):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"with (CtxManager() as example):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (\n" +" CtxManager1(),\n" +" CtxManager2()\n" +"):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (CtxManager1() as example,\n" +" CtxManager2()):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (CtxManager1(),\n" +" CtxManager2() as example):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"with (\n" +" CtxManager1() as example1,\n" +" CtxManager2() as example2\n" +"):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:130 +msgid "" +"it is also possible to use a trailing comma at the end of the enclosed " +"group:" +msgstr "在被包含的分组末尾过可以使用一个逗号作为结束：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:133 +msgid "" +"with (\n" +" CtxManager1() as example1,\n" +" CtxManager2() as example2,\n" +" CtxManager3() as example3,\n" +"):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"with (\n" +" CtxManager1() as example1,\n" +" CtxManager2() as example2,\n" +" CtxManager3() as example3,\n" +"):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:142 +msgid "" +"This new syntax uses the non LL(1) capacities of the new parser. Check " +":pep:`617` for more details." +msgstr "这个新语法使用了新解析器的非 LL(1) 功能。 请查看 :pep:`617` 来了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:145 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Guido van Rossum, Pablo Galindo and Lysandros Nikolaou in " +":issue:`12782` and :issue:`40334`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Guido van Rossum, Pablo Galindo 和 Lysandros Nikolaou 在 :issue:`12782` 和 " +":issue:`40334` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:150 +msgid "Better error messages" +msgstr "更清楚的错误消息" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:153 +msgid "SyntaxErrors" +msgstr "SyntaxError" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:155 +msgid "" +"When parsing code that contains unclosed parentheses or brackets the " +"interpreter now includes the location of the unclosed bracket of parentheses" +" instead of displaying *SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing* or " +"pointing to some incorrect location. For instance, consider the following " +"code (notice the unclosed '{'):" +msgstr "" +"现在当解析包含有未关闭括号的代码时解释器会包括未关闭括号的位置而不是显示 *SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while " +"parsing* 并指向某个不正确的位置。 例如，考虑以下代码（注意未关闭的 “ { ”）：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:160 +msgid "" +"expected = {9: 1, 18: 2, 19: 2, 27: 3, 28: 3, 29: 3, 36: 4, 37: 4,\n" +" 38: 4, 39: 4, 45: 5, 46: 5, 47: 5, 48: 5, 49: 5, 54: 6,\n" +"some_other_code = foo()" +msgstr "" +"expected = {9: 1, 18: 2, 19: 2, 27: 3, 28: 3, 29: 3, 36: 4, 37: 4,\n" +" 38: 4, 39: 4, 45: 5, 46: 5, 47: 5, 48: 5, 49: 5, 54: 6,\n" +"some_other_code = foo()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:166 +msgid "" +"Previous versions of the interpreter reported confusing places as the " +"location of the syntax error:" +msgstr "之前版本的解释器会报告令人迷惑的语法错误位置：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:169 +msgid "" +"File \"example.py\", line 3\n" +" some_other_code = foo()\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax" +msgstr "" +"File \"example.py\", line 3\n" +" some_other_code = foo()\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:176 +msgid "but in Python 3.10 a more informative error is emitted:" +msgstr "但在 Python 3.10 中则会发出信息量更多的错误提示：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:178 +msgid "" +"File \"example.py\", line 1\n" +" expected = {9: 1, 18: 2, 19: 2, 27: 3, 28: 3, 29: 3, 36: 4, 37: 4,\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: '{' was never closed" +msgstr "" +"File \"example.py\", line 1\n" +" expected = {9: 1, 18: 2, 19: 2, 27: 3, 28: 3, 29: 3, 36: 4, 37: 4,\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: '{' was never closed" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:186 +msgid "" +"In a similar way, errors involving unclosed string literals (single and " +"triple quoted) now point to the start of the string instead of reporting " +"EOF/EOL." +msgstr "类似地，涉及未关闭字符串字面值 (单重引号和三重引号) 的错误现在会指向字符串的开头而不是报告 EOF/EOL。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:189 +msgid "" +"These improvements are inspired by previous work in the PyPy interpreter." +msgstr "这些改进的灵感来自 PyPy 解释器之前所进行的工作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:191 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`42864` and Batuhan Taskaya in " +":issue:`40176`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`42864` 以及 Batuhan Taskaya 在 :issue:`40176` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:194 +msgid "" +":exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions raised by the interpreter will now highlight " +"the full error range of the expression that constitutes the syntax error " +"itself, instead of just where the problem is detected. In this way, instead " +"of displaying (before Python 3.10):" +msgstr "" +"解释器所引发的 :exc:`SyntaxError` 异常现在将高亮构成语法错误本身的完整异常错误内容，而不是仅提示检测到问题的位置。 这样，不再（同 " +"Python 3.10 之前那样）仅显示：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:199 +msgid "" +">>> foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized" +msgstr "" +">>> foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:207 +msgid "now Python 3.10 will display the exception as:" +msgstr "现在 Python 3.10 将这样显示异常：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:209 +msgid "" +">>> foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized" +msgstr "" +">>> foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" foo(x, z for z in range(10), t, w)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:217 +msgid "This improvement was contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43914`." +msgstr "这个改进是由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43914` 中贡献的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:219 +msgid "" +"A considerable amount of new specialized messages for :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"exceptions have been incorporated. Some of the most notable ones are as " +"follows:" +msgstr "大量新增的专门化 :exc:`SyntaxError` 异常消息已被添加。 其中最主要的一些如下所示：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:222 +msgid "Missing ``:`` before blocks:" +msgstr "在代码块之前缺失 ``:``：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:224 +msgid "" +">>> if rocket.position > event_horizon\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" if rocket.position > event_horizon\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: expected ':'" +msgstr "" +">>> if rocket.position > event_horizon\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" if rocket.position > event_horizon\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: expected ':'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:232 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`42997`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`42997` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:234 +msgid "Unparenthesised tuples in comprehensions targets:" +msgstr "在推导式的目标中有不带圆括号的元组:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:236 +msgid "" +">>> {x,y for x,y in zip('abcd', '1234')}\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" {x,y for x,y in zip('abcd', '1234')}\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?" +msgstr "" +">>> {x,y for x,y in zip('abcd', '1234')}\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" {x,y for x,y in zip('abcd', '1234')}\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:244 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43017`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43017` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:246 +msgid "Missing commas in collection literals and between expressions:" +msgstr "在多项集字面值中和表达式之间缺失逗号:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:248 +msgid "" +">>> items = {\n" +"... x: 1,\n" +"... y: 2\n" +"... z: 3,\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" y: 2\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?" +msgstr "" +">>> items = {\n" +"... x: 1,\n" +"... y: 2\n" +"... z: 3,\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" y: 2\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:259 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43822`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43822` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:261 +msgid "Multiple Exception types without parentheses:" +msgstr "多个异常类型不带圆括号：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:263 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... build_dyson_sphere()\n" +"... except NotEnoughScienceError, NotEnoughResourcesError:\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" except NotEnoughScienceError, NotEnoughResourcesError:\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... build_dyson_sphere()\n" +"... except NotEnoughScienceError, NotEnoughResourcesError:\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" except NotEnoughScienceError, NotEnoughResourcesError:\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:273 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43149`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43149` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:275 +msgid "Missing ``:`` and values in dictionary literals:" +msgstr "字典字面值中缺失 ``:`` 和值：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:277 +msgid "" +">>> values = {\n" +"... x: 1,\n" +"... y: 2,\n" +"... z:\n" +"... }\n" +" File \"\", line 4\n" +" z:\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':'\n" +"\n" +">>> values = {x:1, y:2, z w:3}\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" values = {x:1, y:2, z w:3}\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: ':' expected after dictionary key" +msgstr "" +">>> values = {\n" +"... x: 1,\n" +"... y: 2,\n" +"... z:\n" +"... }\n" +" File \"\", line 4\n" +" z:\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':'\n" +"\n" +">>> values = {x:1, y:2, z w:3}\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" values = {x:1, y:2, z w:3}\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: ':' expected after dictionary key" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:295 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43823`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43823` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:297 +msgid "``try`` blocks without ``except`` or ``finally`` blocks:" +msgstr "``try`` 代码块不带 ``except`` 或 ``finally`` 代码块:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:299 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... x = 2\n" +"... something = 3\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" something = 3\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: expected 'except' or 'finally' block" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... x = 2\n" +"... something = 3\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" something = 3\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: expected 'except' or 'finally' block" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:309 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`44305`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`44305` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:311 +msgid "Usage of ``=`` instead of ``==`` in comparisons:" +msgstr "在比较中使用 ``=`` 而不是 ``==``：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:313 +msgid "" +">>> if rocket.position = event_horizon:\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" if rocket.position = event_horizon:\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?" +msgstr "" +">>> if rocket.position = event_horizon:\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" if rocket.position = event_horizon:\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:321 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43797`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43797` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:323 +msgid "Usage of ``*`` in f-strings:" +msgstr "在 f-字符串中使用 ``*``：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:325 +msgid "" +">>> f\"Black holes {*all_black_holes} and revelations\"\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" (*all_black_holes)\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: f-string: cannot use starred expression here" +msgstr "" +">>> f\"Black holes {*all_black_holes} and revelations\"\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" (*all_black_holes)\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: f-string: cannot use starred expression here" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:333 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`41064`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`41064` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:336 +msgid "IndentationErrors" +msgstr "IndentationError" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:338 +msgid "" +"Many :exc:`IndentationError` exceptions now have more context regarding what" +" kind of block was expecting an indentation, including the location of the " +"statement:" +msgstr "许多 :exc:`IndentationError` 异常现在具有更多上下文来提示是何种代码块需要缩进，包括语句的位置：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:341 +msgid "" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... if lel:\n" +"... x = 2\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" x = 2\n" +" ^\n" +"IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'if' statement in line 2" +msgstr "" +">>> def foo():\n" +"... if lel:\n" +"... x = 2\n" +" File \"\", line 3\n" +" x = 2\n" +" ^\n" +"IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'if' statement in line 2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:353 +msgid "AttributeErrors" +msgstr "AttributeError" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:355 +msgid "" +"When printing :exc:`AttributeError`, :c:func:`!PyErr_Display` will offer " +"suggestions of similar attribute names in the object that the exception was " +"raised from:" +msgstr "" +"当打印 :exc:`AttributeError` 时，:c:func:`!PyErr_Display` 将提供引发异常的对象中类似属性名称的建议：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:359 +msgid "" +">>> collections.namedtoplo\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'namedtoplo'. Did you mean: namedtuple?" +msgstr "" +">>> collections.namedtoplo\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"AttributeError: module 'collections' has no attribute 'namedtoplo'. Did you mean: namedtuple?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:366 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:388 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`38530`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`38530` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:369 +msgid "" +"Notice this won't work if :c:func:`!PyErr_Display` is not called to display " +"the error which can happen if some other custom error display function is " +"used. This is a common scenario in some REPLs like IPython." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果未调用 :c:func:`!PyErr_Display` 来显示错误则此特性将没有效果，这可能发生在使用了某些其他自定义错误显示函数的时候。 " +"这在某些 REPLs 例如 IPython 上是一种常见的情况。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:374 +msgid "NameErrors" +msgstr "NameError" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:376 +msgid "" +"When printing :exc:`NameError` raised by the interpreter, " +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display` will offer suggestions of similar variable names in" +" the function that the exception was raised from:" +msgstr "" +"当打印由解释器引发的 :exc:`NameError` 时，:c:func:`!PyErr_Display` 将提供引发异常的函数中类似变量名称的建议：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:380 +msgid "" +">>> schwarzschild_black_hole = None\n" +">>> schwarschild_black_hole\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"NameError: name 'schwarschild_black_hole' is not defined. Did you mean: schwarzschild_black_hole?" +msgstr "" +">>> schwarzschild_black_hole = None\n" +">>> schwarschild_black_hole\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"NameError: name 'schwarschild_black_hole' is not defined. Did you mean: schwarzschild_black_hole?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:391 +msgid "" +"Notice this won't work if :c:func:`!PyErr_Display` is not called to display " +"the error, which can happen if some other custom error display function is " +"used. This is a common scenario in some REPLs like IPython." +msgstr "" +"请注意如果未调用 :c:func:`!PyErr_Display` 来显示错误则此特性将没有效果，这可能发生在使用了某些其他自定义错误显示函数的时候。 " +"这在某些 REPL 例如 IPython 上是一种常见的情况。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:397 +msgid "PEP 626: Precise line numbers for debugging and other tools" +msgstr "PEP 626：在调试和其他工具中使用精确的行号" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:399 +msgid "" +"PEP 626 brings more precise and reliable line numbers for debugging, " +"profiling and coverage tools. Tracing events, with the correct line number, " +"are generated for all lines of code executed and only for lines of code that" +" are executed." +msgstr "" +"PEP 626 带来了更精确可靠的行号用于调试、性能分析和测试工具。 所有被执行的代码行都会并且只有被执行的代码行才会生成带有正确行号的追踪事件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:402 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~frame.f_lineno` attribute of frame objects will always contain " +"the expected line number." +msgstr "帧对象的 :attr:`~frame.f_lineno` 属性将总是包含预期的行号。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:405 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` attribute of :ref:`code objects ` is deprecated and will be removed in 3.12. Code that needs to " +"convert from offset to line number should use the new " +":meth:`~codeobject.co_lines` method instead." +msgstr "" +":ref:`代码对象 ` 的的 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 属性已被弃用并将在 3.12 " +"中被移除。 需要从偏移量转换为行号的代码应当改用新的 :meth:`~codeobject.co_lines` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:412 +msgid "PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching" +msgstr "PEP 634：结构化模式匹配" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:414 +msgid "" +"Structural pattern matching has been added in the form of a *match " +"statement* and *case statements* of patterns with associated actions. " +"Patterns consist of sequences, mappings, primitive data types as well as " +"class instances. Pattern matching enables programs to extract information " +"from complex data types, branch on the structure of data, and apply specific" +" actions based on different forms of data." +msgstr "" +"增加了采用模式加上相应动作的 *match 语句* 和 *case 语句* 的形式的结构化模式匹配。 模式由序列、映射、基本数据类型以及类实例构成。 " +"模式匹配使得程序能够从复杂的数据类型中提取信息、根据数据结构实现分支，并基于不同的数据形式应用特定的动作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:422 +msgid "Syntax and operations" +msgstr "语法与操作" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:424 +msgid "The generic syntax of pattern matching is::" +msgstr "模式匹配的通用语法如下::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:426 +msgid "" +"match subject:\n" +" case :\n" +" \n" +" case :\n" +" \n" +" case :\n" +" \n" +" case _:\n" +" " +msgstr "" +"match subject:\n" +" case :\n" +" \n" +" case :\n" +" \n" +" case :\n" +" \n" +" case _:\n" +" " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:436 +msgid "" +"A match statement takes an expression and compares its value to successive " +"patterns given as one or more case blocks. Specifically, pattern matching " +"operates by:" +msgstr "match 语句接受一个表达式并将其值与以一个或多个 case 语句块形式给出的一系列模式进行比较。 具体来说，模式匹配的操作如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:440 +msgid "using data with type and shape (the ``subject``)" +msgstr "使用具有特定类型和形状的数据 (``subject``)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:441 +msgid "evaluating the ``subject`` in the ``match`` statement" +msgstr "针对 ``subject`` 在 ``match`` 语句中求值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:442 +msgid "" +"comparing the subject with each pattern in a ``case`` statement from top to " +"bottom until a match is confirmed." +msgstr "从上到下对 subject 与 ``case`` 语句中的每个模式进行比较直到确认匹配到一个模式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:444 +msgid "" +"executing the action associated with the pattern of the confirmed match" +msgstr "执行与被确认匹配的模式相关联的动作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:446 +msgid "" +"If an exact match is not confirmed, the last case, a wildcard ``_``, if " +"provided, will be used as the matching case. If an exact match is not " +"confirmed and a wildcard case does not exist, the entire match block is a " +"no-op." +msgstr "" +"如果没有确认到一个完全的匹配，则如果提供了使用通配符 ``_`` 的最后一个 case 语句，则它将被用作已匹配模式。 " +"如果没有确认到一个完全的匹配并且不存在使用通配符的 case 语句，则整个 match 代码块不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:452 +msgid "Declarative approach" +msgstr "声明性方式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:454 +msgid "" +"Readers may be aware of pattern matching through the simple example of " +"matching a subject (data object) to a literal (pattern) with the switch " +"statement found in C, Java or JavaScript (and many other languages). Often " +"the switch statement is used for comparison of an object/expression with " +"case statements containing literals." +msgstr "" +"读者可能是通过 C, Java 或 JavaScript (以及其他许多语言) 中的 switch 语句将一个目标 (数据对象) 与一个字面值 (模式)" +" 进行匹配的简单例子了解到模式匹配的概念的。 switch 语句常常被用来将一个对象/表达式与包含在 case 语句中的字面值进行比较。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:460 +msgid "" +"More powerful examples of pattern matching can be found in languages such as" +" Scala and Elixir. With structural pattern matching, the approach is " +"\"declarative\" and explicitly states the conditions (the patterns) for data" +" to match." +msgstr "" +"更强大的模式匹配例子可以在 Scala 和 Elixir 等语言中找到。 " +"这种结构化模式匹配方式是“声明性”的并且会显式地为所要匹配的数据指定条件（模式）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:464 +msgid "" +"While an \"imperative\" series of instructions using nested \"if\" " +"statements could be used to accomplish something similar to structural " +"pattern matching, it is less clear than the \"declarative\" approach. " +"Instead the \"declarative\" approach states the conditions to meet for a " +"match and is more readable through its explicit patterns. While structural " +"pattern matching can be used in its simplest form comparing a variable to a " +"literal in a case statement, its true value for Python lies in its handling " +"of the subject's type and shape." +msgstr "" +"虽然使用嵌套的“if”语句的“命令性”系列指令可以被用来完成类似结构化模式匹配的效果，但它没有“声明性”方式那样清晰。 " +"相反地，“声明性”方式指定了一个匹配所要满足的条件，并且通过其显式的模式使之更为易读。 虽然结构化模式匹配可以采取将一个变量与一个 case " +"语句中的字面值进行比较的最简单形式来使用，但它对于 Python 的真正价值在于其针对目标类型和形状的处理操作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:473 +msgid "Simple pattern: match to a literal" +msgstr "简单模式：匹配一个字面值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:475 +msgid "" +"Let's look at this example as pattern matching in its simplest form: a " +"value, the subject, being matched to several literals, the patterns. In the " +"example below, ``status`` is the subject of the match statement. The " +"patterns are each of the case statements, where literals represent request " +"status codes. The associated action to the case is executed after a match::" +msgstr "" +"让我们把这个例子看作是模式匹配的最简单形式：一个值，即主词，被匹配到几个字面值，即模式。在下面的例子中，``status`` " +"是匹配语句的主词。模式是每个 case 语句，字面值代表请求状态代码。匹配后，将执行与该 case 相关的动作：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:481 +msgid "" +"def http_error(status):\n" +" match status:\n" +" case 400:\n" +" return \"Bad request\"\n" +" case 404:\n" +" return \"Not found\"\n" +" case 418:\n" +" return \"I'm a teapot\"\n" +" case _:\n" +" return \"Something's wrong with the internet\"" +msgstr "" +"def http_error(status):\n" +" match status:\n" +" case 400:\n" +" return \"Bad request\"\n" +" case 404:\n" +" return \"Not found\"\n" +" case 418:\n" +" return \"I'm a teapot\"\n" +" case _:\n" +" return \"Something's wrong with the internet\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:492 +msgid "" +"If the above function is passed a ``status`` of 418, \"I'm a teapot\" is " +"returned. If the above function is passed a ``status`` of 500, the case " +"statement with ``_`` will match as a wildcard, and \"Something's wrong with " +"the internet\" is returned. Note the last block: the variable name, ``_``, " +"acts as a *wildcard* and insures the subject will always match. The use of " +"``_`` is optional." +msgstr "" +"如果传给上述函数的 ``status`` 为 418，则会返回 \"I'm a teapot\"。 如果传给上述函数的 ``status`` 为 " +"500，则带有 ``_`` 的 case 语句将作为通配符匹配，并会返回 \"Something's wrong with the " +"internet\"。 请注意最后一个代码块：变量名 ``_`` 将作为 *通配符* 并确保目标将总是被匹配。 ``_`` 的使用是可选的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:499 +msgid "" +"You can combine several literals in a single pattern using ``|`` (\"or\")::" +msgstr "你可以使用 ``|`` （“ or ”）在一个模式中组合几个字面值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:501 +msgid "" +"case 401 | 403 | 404:\n" +" return \"Not allowed\"" +msgstr "" +"case 401 | 403 | 404:\n" +" return \"Not allowed\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:505 +msgid "Behavior without the wildcard" +msgstr "无通配符的行为" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:507 +msgid "" +"If we modify the above example by removing the last case block, the example " +"becomes::" +msgstr "如果我们修改上面的例子，去掉最后一个 case 块，这个例子就变成::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:510 +msgid "" +"def http_error(status):\n" +" match status:\n" +" case 400:\n" +" return \"Bad request\"\n" +" case 404:\n" +" return \"Not found\"\n" +" case 418:\n" +" return \"I'm a teapot\"" +msgstr "" +"def http_error(status):\n" +" match status:\n" +" case 400:\n" +" return \"Bad request\"\n" +" case 404:\n" +" return \"Not found\"\n" +" case 418:\n" +" return \"I'm a teapot\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:519 +msgid "" +"Without the use of ``_`` in a case statement, a match may not exist. If no " +"match exists, the behavior is a no-op. For example, if ``status`` of 500 is " +"passed, a no-op occurs." +msgstr "" +"如果不在 case 语句中使用 ``_``，可能会出现不存在匹配的情况。如果不存在匹配，则行为是一个 no-op。例如，如果传入了值为 500 的 " +"``status`` ，就会发生 no-op。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:524 +msgid "Patterns with a literal and variable" +msgstr "带有字面值和变量的模式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:526 +msgid "" +"Patterns can look like unpacking assignments, and a pattern may be used to " +"bind variables. In this example, a data point can be unpacked to its " +"x-coordinate and y-coordinate::" +msgstr "模式可以看起来像解包形式，而且模式可以用来绑定变量。在这个例子中，一个数据点可以被解包为它的 x 坐标和 y 坐标::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:530 +msgid "" +"# point is an (x, y) tuple\n" +"match point:\n" +" case (0, 0):\n" +" print(\"Origin\")\n" +" case (0, y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y}\")\n" +" case (x, 0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}\")\n" +" case (x, y):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}, Y={y}\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"Not a point\")" +msgstr "" +"# point 是一个 (x, y) 元组\n" +"match point:\n" +" case (0, 0):\n" +" print(\"Origin\")\n" +" case (0, y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y}\")\n" +" case (x, 0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}\")\n" +" case (x, y):\n" +" print(f\"X={x}, Y={y}\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" raise ValueError(\"Not a point\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:543 +msgid "" +"The first pattern has two literals, ``(0, 0)``, and may be thought of as an " +"extension of the literal pattern shown above. The next two patterns combine " +"a literal and a variable, and the variable *binds* a value from the subject " +"(``point``). The fourth pattern captures two values, which makes it " +"conceptually similar to the unpacking assignment ``(x, y) = point``." +msgstr "" +"第一个模式有两个字面值 ``(0, 0)`` ，可以看作是上面所示字面值模式的扩展。接下来的两个模式结合了一个字面值和一个变量，而变量 *绑定* " +"了一个来自主词的值（``point``）。 第四种模式捕获了两个值，这使得它在概念上类似于解包赋值 ``(x, y) = point`` 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:550 +msgid "Patterns and classes" +msgstr "模式和类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:552 +msgid "" +"If you are using classes to structure your data, you can use as a pattern " +"the class name followed by an argument list resembling a constructor. This " +"pattern has the ability to capture class attributes into variables::" +msgstr "如果你使用类来结构化你的数据，你可以使用类的名字，后面跟一个类似构造函数的参数列表，作为一种模式。这种模式可以将类的属性捕捉到变量中::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:556 +msgid "" +"class Point:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"def location(point):\n" +" match point:\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=0):\n" +" print(\"Origin is the point's location.\")\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y} and the point is on the y-axis.\")\n" +" case Point(x=x, y=0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x} and the point is on the x-axis.\")\n" +" case Point():\n" +" print(\"The point is located somewhere else on the plane.\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Not a point\")" +msgstr "" +"class Point:\n" +" x: int\n" +" y: int\n" +"\n" +"def location(point):\n" +" match point:\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=0):\n" +" print(\"Origin is the point's location.\")\n" +" case Point(x=0, y=y):\n" +" print(f\"Y={y} and the point is on the y-axis.\")\n" +" case Point(x=x, y=0):\n" +" print(f\"X={x} and the point is on the x-axis.\")\n" +" case Point():\n" +" print(\"The point is located somewhere else on the plane.\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Not a point\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:574 +msgid "Patterns with positional parameters" +msgstr "带有位置参数的模式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:576 +msgid "" +"You can use positional parameters with some builtin classes that provide an " +"ordering for their attributes (e.g. dataclasses). You can also define a " +"specific position for attributes in patterns by setting the " +"``__match_args__`` special attribute in your classes. If it's set to (\"x\"," +" \"y\"), the following patterns are all equivalent (and all bind the ``y`` " +"attribute to the ``var`` variable)::" +msgstr "" +"你可以在某些为其属性提供了排序的内置类（例如 dataclass）中使用位置参数。 你也可以通过在你的类中设置 ``__match_args__`` " +"特殊属性来为模式中的属性定义一个专门的位置。 如果它被设为 (\"x\", \"y\")，则以下模式均为等价的（并且都是将 ``y`` 属性绑定到 " +"``var`` 变量）::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:582 +msgid "" +"Point(1, var)\n" +"Point(1, y=var)\n" +"Point(x=1, y=var)\n" +"Point(y=var, x=1)" +msgstr "" +"Point(1, var)\n" +"Point(1, y=var)\n" +"Point(x=1, y=var)\n" +"Point(y=var, x=1)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:588 +msgid "Nested patterns" +msgstr "嵌套模式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Patterns can be arbitrarily nested. For example, if our data is a short " +"list of points, it could be matched like this::" +msgstr "模式可以任意地嵌套。 例如，如果我们的数据是由点组成的短列表，则它可以这样被匹配::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:593 +msgid "" +"match points:\n" +" case []:\n" +" print(\"No points in the list.\")\n" +" case [Point(0, 0)]:\n" +" print(\"The origin is the only point in the list.\")\n" +" case [Point(x, y)]:\n" +" print(f\"A single point {x}, {y} is in the list.\")\n" +" case [Point(0, y1), Point(0, y2)]:\n" +" print(f\"Two points on the Y axis at {y1}, {y2} are in the list.\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Something else is found in the list.\")" +msgstr "" +"match points:\n" +" case []:\n" +" print(\"No points in the list.\")\n" +" case [Point(0, 0)]:\n" +" print(\"The origin is the only point in the list.\")\n" +" case [Point(x, y)]:\n" +" print(f\"A single point {x}, {y} is in the list.\")\n" +" case [Point(0, y1), Point(0, y2)]:\n" +" print(f\"Two points on the Y axis at {y1}, {y2} are in the list.\")\n" +" case _:\n" +" print(\"Something else is found in the list.\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:606 +msgid "Complex patterns and the wildcard" +msgstr "复杂模式和通配符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:608 +msgid "" +"To this point, the examples have used ``_`` alone in the last case " +"statement. A wildcard can be used in more complex patterns, such as " +"``('error', code, _)``. For example::" +msgstr "" +"到目前为止，这些例子仅在最后一个 case 语句中使用了 ``_``。 但通配符可以被用在更复杂的模式中，例如 ``('error', code, " +"_)``。 举例来说::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:612 +msgid "" +"match test_variable:\n" +" case ('warning', code, 40):\n" +" print(\"A warning has been received.\")\n" +" case ('error', code, _):\n" +" print(f\"An error {code} occurred.\")" +msgstr "" +"match test_variable:\n" +" case ('warning', code, 40):\n" +" print(\"A warning has been received.\")\n" +" case ('error', code, _):\n" +" print(f\"An error {code} occurred.\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:618 +msgid "" +"In the above case, ``test_variable`` will match for ('error', code, 100) and" +" ('error', code, 800)." +msgstr "" +"在上述情况下，``test_variable`` 将可匹配 ('error', code, 100) 和 ('error', code, 800)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:622 +msgid "Guard" +msgstr "约束项" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:624 +msgid "" +"We can add an ``if`` clause to a pattern, known as a \"guard\". If the " +"guard is false, ``match`` goes on to try the next case block. Note that " +"value capture happens before the guard is evaluated::" +msgstr "" +"我们可以向一个模式添加 ``if`` 子句，称为“约束项”。 如果约束项为假值，则 ``match`` 将继续尝试下一个 case 语句块。 " +"请注意值的捕获发生在约束项被求值之前。::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:628 +msgid "" +"match point:\n" +" case Point(x, y) if x == y:\n" +" print(f\"The point is located on the diagonal Y=X at {x}.\")\n" +" case Point(x, y):\n" +" print(f\"Point is not on the diagonal.\")" +msgstr "" +"match point:\n" +" case Point(x, y) if x == y:\n" +" print(f\"The point is located on the diagonal Y=X at {x}.\")\n" +" case Point(x, y):\n" +" print(f\"Point is not on the diagonal.\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:635 +msgid "Other Key Features" +msgstr "其他关键特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:637 +msgid "Several other key features:" +msgstr "一些其他关键特性:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:639 +msgid "" +"Like unpacking assignments, tuple and list patterns have exactly the same " +"meaning and actually match arbitrary sequences. Technically, the subject " +"must be a sequence. Therefore, an important exception is that patterns don't" +" match iterators. Also, to prevent a common mistake, sequence patterns don't" +" match strings." +msgstr "" +"类似于解包赋值，元组和列表模式具有完全相同的含义，而且实际上能匹配任意序列。 从技术上说，目标必须为一个序列。 " +"因而，一个重要的例外是模式不能匹配迭代器。 而且，为了避免一个常见的错误，序列模式不能匹配字符串。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:645 +msgid "" +"Sequence patterns support wildcards: ``[x, y, *rest]`` and ``(x, y, *rest)``" +" work similar to wildcards in unpacking assignments. The name after ``*`` " +"may also be ``_``, so ``(x, y, *_)`` matches a sequence of at least two " +"items without binding the remaining items." +msgstr "" +"序列模式支持通配符: ``[x, y, *rest]`` 和 ``(x, y, *rest)`` 的作用类似于解包赋值中的通配符。 在 ``*`` " +"之后的名称也可以为 ``_``，因此 ``(x, y, *_)`` 可以匹配包含两个条目的序列而不必绑定其余的条目。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:650 +msgid "" +"Mapping patterns: ``{\"bandwidth\": b, \"latency\": l}`` captures the " +"``\"bandwidth\"`` and ``\"latency\"`` values from a dict. Unlike sequence " +"patterns, extra keys are ignored. A wildcard ``**rest`` is also supported." +" (But ``**_`` would be redundant, so is not allowed.)" +msgstr "" +"映射模式: ``{\"bandwidth\": b, \"latency\": l}`` 会从一个字典中捕获 ``\"bandwidth\"`` 和 " +"``\"latency\"`` 值。 与序列模式不同，额外的键会被忽略。 也支持通配符 ``**rest``。 （但 ``**_`` " +"是冗余的，因而不被允许。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:655 +msgid "Subpatterns may be captured using the ``as`` keyword::" +msgstr "子模式可使用 ``as`` 关键字来捕获::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:657 +msgid "case (Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2) as p2): ..." +msgstr "case (Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2) as p2): ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:659 +msgid "" +"This binds x1, y1, x2, y2 like you would expect without the ``as`` clause, " +"and p2 to the entire second item of the subject." +msgstr "x1, y1, x2, y2 等绑定就如你在没有 ``as`` 子句的情况下所期望的，而 p2 会绑定目标的整个第二项。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:662 +msgid "" +"Most literals are compared by equality. However, the singletons ``True``, " +"``False`` and ``None`` are compared by identity." +msgstr "大多数字面值是按相等性比较的。 但是，单例对象 ``True``, ``False`` 和 ``None`` 则是按标识号比较的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:665 +msgid "" +"Named constants may be used in patterns. These named constants must be " +"dotted names to prevent the constant from being interpreted as a capture " +"variable::" +msgstr "命名常量也可以在模式中使用。 这些命名常量必须为带点号的名称以防止常量被解读为捕获变量::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:669 +msgid "" +"from enum import Enum\n" +"class Color(Enum):\n" +" RED = 0\n" +" GREEN = 1\n" +" BLUE = 2\n" +"\n" +"color = Color.GREEN\n" +"match color:\n" +" case Color.RED:\n" +" print(\"I see red!\")\n" +" case Color.GREEN:\n" +" print(\"Grass is green\")\n" +" case Color.BLUE:\n" +" print(\"I'm feeling the blues :(\")" +msgstr "" +"from enum import Enum\n" +"class Color(Enum):\n" +" RED = 0\n" +" GREEN = 1\n" +" BLUE = 2\n" +"\n" +"color = Color.GREEN\n" +"match color:\n" +" case Color.RED:\n" +" print(\"I see red!\")\n" +" case Color.GREEN:\n" +" print(\"Grass is green\")\n" +" case Color.BLUE:\n" +" print(\"I'm feeling the blues :(\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:684 +msgid "" +"For the full specification see :pep:`634`. Motivation and rationale are in " +":pep:`635`, and a longer tutorial is in :pep:`636`." +msgstr "完整规格说明参见 :pep:`634`。 动机与理由参见 :pep:`635`，更详细的教程参见 :pep:`636`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:691 +msgid "Optional ``EncodingWarning`` and ``encoding=\"locale\"`` option" +msgstr "可选的 ``EncodingWarning`` 和 ``encoding=\"locale\"`` 选项" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:693 +msgid "" +"The default encoding of :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` and :func:`open` is " +"platform and locale dependent. Since UTF-8 is used on most Unix platforms, " +"omitting ``encoding`` option when opening UTF-8 files (e.g. JSON, YAML, " +"TOML, Markdown) is a very common bug. For example::" +msgstr "" +":class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` 和 :func:`open` 的默认编码格式取决于具体的平台和语言区域设置。 由于 UTF-8 " +"被用于大多数 Unix 平台，当打开 UTF-8 文件（例如 JSON, YAML, TOML, Markdown）时省略 ``encoding`` " +"是一种相当常见的程序错误。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:698 +msgid "" +"# BUG: \"rb\" mode or encoding=\"utf-8\" should be used.\n" +"with open(\"data.json\") as f:\n" +" data = json.load(f)" +msgstr "" +"# 程序错误：应当使用 \"rb\" 模式或 encoding=\"utf-8\".\n" +"with open(\"data.json\") as f:\n" +" data = json.load(f)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:702 +msgid "" +"To find this type of bug, an optional ``EncodingWarning`` is added. It is " +"emitted when :data:`sys.flags.warn_default_encoding ` is true and" +" locale-specific default encoding is used." +msgstr "" +"为了便于查找此类错误，增加了可选的 ``EncodingWarning``。 它会在 " +":data:`sys.flags.warn_default_encoding ` " +"为真值并使用了语言区域指定的默认编码格式时被发出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:706 +msgid "" +"``-X warn_default_encoding`` option and :envvar:`PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING` " +"are added to enable the warning." +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``-X warn_default_encoding`` 选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING` " +"来启用相应警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:709 +msgid "See :ref:`io-text-encoding` for more information." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`io-text-encoding` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:714 +msgid "New Features Related to Type Hints" +msgstr "有关类型提示的新增特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:716 +msgid "" +"This section covers major changes affecting :pep:`484` type hints and the " +":mod:`typing` module." +msgstr "本节介绍了涉及 :pep:`484` 类型提示和 :mod:`typing` 模块的主要改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:721 +msgid "PEP 604: New Type Union Operator" +msgstr "PEP 604: 新的类型联合运算符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:723 +msgid "" +"A new type union operator was introduced which enables the syntax ``X | Y``." +" This provides a cleaner way of expressing 'either type X or type Y' instead" +" of using :data:`typing.Union`, especially in type hints." +msgstr "" +"引入了启用 ``X | Y`` 语法的类型联合运算符。 这提供了一种表示 '类型 X 或类型 Y' 的相比使用 :data:`typing.Union`" +" 更清晰的方式，特别是在类型提示中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:727 +msgid "" +"In previous versions of Python, to apply a type hint for functions accepting" +" arguments of multiple types, :data:`typing.Union` was used::" +msgstr "在之前的 Python 版本中，要为可接受多种类型参数的函数应用类型提示，使用的是 :data:`typing.Union`::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:730 +msgid "" +"def square(number: Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:\n" +" return number ** 2" +msgstr "" +"def square(number: Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:\n" +" return number ** 2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:734 +msgid "Type hints can now be written in a more succinct manner::" +msgstr "类型提示现在可以使用更简洁的写法::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:736 +msgid "" +"def square(number: int | float) -> int | float:\n" +" return number ** 2" +msgstr "" +"def square(number: int | float) -> int | float:\n" +" return number ** 2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:740 +msgid "" +"This new syntax is also accepted as the second argument to " +":func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass`::" +msgstr "这个新增语法也被接受作为 :func:`isinstance` 和 :func:`issubclass` 的第二个参数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:743 +msgid "" +">>> isinstance(1, int | str)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> isinstance(1, int | str)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:746 +msgid "See :ref:`types-union` and :pep:`604` for more details." +msgstr "详情参见 :ref:`types-union` 和 :pep:`604`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:748 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Maggie Moss and Philippe Prados in :issue:`41428`, with " +"additions by Yurii Karabas and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`44490`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Maggie Moss 和 Philippe Prados 在 :issue:`41428` 中贡献，并由 Yurii Karabas 和 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`44490` 中补充。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:753 +msgid "PEP 612: Parameter Specification Variables" +msgstr "PEP 612: 形参规格变量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:755 +msgid "" +"Two new options to improve the information provided to static type checkers " +"for :pep:`484`\\ 's ``Callable`` have been added to the :mod:`typing` " +"module." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`typing` 模块中新增了两个选项以改进用于 :pep:`484` 的 ``Callable`` 提供给静态类型检查器的信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:758 +msgid "" +"The first is the parameter specification variable. They are used to forward" +" the parameter types of one callable to another callable -- a pattern " +"commonly found in higher order functions and decorators. Examples of usage " +"can be found in :class:`typing.ParamSpec`. Previously, there was no easy way" +" to type annotate dependency of parameter types in such a precise manner." +msgstr "" +"第一个选项是形参规格变量。 它们被用来将一个可调用对象的形参类型转发给另一个可调用对象 —— 这种模式常见于高阶函数和装饰器。 使用示例可在 " +":class:`typing.ParamSpec` 中找到。 在之前版本中，没有一种简单办法能以如此精确的方式对形参类型的依赖性进行类型标注。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:764 +msgid "" +"The second option is the new ``Concatenate`` operator. It's used in " +"conjunction with parameter specification variables to type annotate a higher" +" order callable which adds or removes parameters of another callable. " +"Examples of usage can be found in :class:`typing.Concatenate`." +msgstr "" +"第二个选项是新的 ``Concatenate`` 运算符。 它与形参规格变量一起使用以便对增加或移除了其他可调用对象的高阶可调用对象进行类型标注。 " +"使用示例可以在 :class:`typing.Concatenate` 中找到。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:769 +msgid "" +"See :class:`typing.Callable`, :class:`typing.ParamSpec`, " +":class:`typing.Concatenate`, :class:`typing.ParamSpecArgs`, " +":class:`typing.ParamSpecKwargs`, and :pep:`612` for more details." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :class:`typing.Callable`, :class:`typing.ParamSpec`, " +":class:`typing.Concatenate`, :class:`typing.ParamSpecArgs`, " +":class:`typing.ParamSpecKwargs` 和 :pep:`612` 来了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:773 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Ken Jin in :issue:`41559`, with minor enhancements by Jelle " +"Zijlstra in :issue:`43783`. PEP written by Mark Mendoza.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Ken Jin 在 :issue:`41559` 中贡献，并由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :issue:`43783` 中加以少量改进。 " +"PEP 由 Mark Mendoza 撰写。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:778 +msgid "PEP 613: TypeAlias" +msgstr "PEP 613: 类型别名" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:780 +msgid "" +":pep:`484` introduced the concept of type aliases, only requiring them to be" +" top-level unannotated assignments. This simplicity sometimes made it " +"difficult for type checkers to distinguish between type aliases and ordinary" +" assignments, especially when forward references or invalid types were " +"involved. Compare::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`484` 引入了类型别名的概念，只要求它们是不带标注的最高层级赋值。 " +"这种简单性有时会使得类型检查器难以区分类型别名和普通赋值，特别是当涉及到前向引用或无效类型的时候。 例如在比较::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:785 +msgid "" +"StrCache = 'Cache[str]' # a type alias\n" +"LOG_PREFIX = 'LOG[DEBUG]' # a module constant" +msgstr "" +"StrCache = 'Cache[str]' # 类型别名\n" +"LOG_PREFIX = 'LOG[DEBUG]' # 模块常量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:788 +msgid "" +"Now the :mod:`typing` module has a special value :data:`~typing.TypeAlias` " +"which lets you declare type aliases more explicitly::" +msgstr "现在 :mod:`typing` 模块具有一个特殊值 :data:`~typing.TypeAlias` 可让你更明确地声明类型别名::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:791 +msgid "" +"StrCache: TypeAlias = 'Cache[str]' # a type alias\n" +"LOG_PREFIX = 'LOG[DEBUG]' # a module constant" +msgstr "" +"StrCache: TypeAlias = 'Cache[str]' # 类型别名\n" +"LOG_PREFIX = 'LOG[DEBUG]' # 模块常量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:794 +msgid "See :pep:`613` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`613` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:796 +msgid "(Contributed by Mikhail Golubev in :issue:`41923`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mikhail Golubev 在 :issue:`41923` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:799 +msgid "PEP 647: User-Defined Type Guards" +msgstr "PEP 647: 用户自定义的类型保护器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:801 +msgid "" +":data:`~typing.TypeGuard` has been added to the :mod:`typing` module to " +"annotate type guard functions and improve information provided to static " +"type checkers during type narrowing. For more information, please see " +":data:`~typing.TypeGuard`\\ 's documentation, and :pep:`647`." +msgstr "" +":data:`~typing.TypeGuard` 已被添加到 :mod:`typing` " +"模块用来标注类型保护函数并改进在类型细化期间提供给静态类型检查器的信息。 要了解更多信息，请参阅 :data:`~typing.TypeGuard` " +"的文档以及 :pep:`647`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:806 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Ken Jin and Guido van Rossum in :issue:`43766`. PEP written " +"by Eric Traut.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Ken Jin 和 Guido van Rossum 在 :issue:`43766` 中贡献。 PEP 由 Eric Traut 撰写。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:810 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:812 +msgid "" +"The :class:`int` type has a new method :meth:`int.bit_count`, returning the " +"number of ones in the binary expansion of a given integer, also known as the" +" population count. (Contributed by Niklas Fiekas in :issue:`29882`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`int` 类型新增了一个方法 :meth:`int.bit_count`，返回给定整数的二进制展开中值为一的位数，或称“比特计量”。 " +"（由 Niklas Fiekas 在 :issue:`29882` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:816 +msgid "" +"The views returned by :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` and " +":meth:`dict.items` now all have a ``mapping`` attribute that gives a " +":class:`types.MappingProxyType` object wrapping the original dictionary. " +"(Contributed by Dennis Sweeney in :issue:`40890`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` 和 :meth:`dict.items` 所返回的视图都有一个 " +"``mapping`` 属性，它给出包装了原始字典的 :class:`types.MappingProxyType` 对象。 （由 Dennis " +"Sweeney 在 :issue:`40890` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:821 +msgid "" +":pep:`618`: The :func:`zip` function now has an optional ``strict`` flag, " +"used to require that all the iterables have an equal length." +msgstr ":pep:`618`: 现在 :func:`zip` 函数有一个可选的 ``strict`` 旗标，用于要求所有可迭代对象的长度都相等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:824 +msgid "" +"Builtin and extension functions that take integer arguments no longer accept" +" :class:`~decimal.Decimal`\\ s, :class:`~fractions.Fraction`\\ s and other " +"objects that can be converted to integers only with a loss (e.g. that have " +"the :meth:`~object.__int__` method but do not have the " +":meth:`~object.__index__` method). (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`37999`.)" +msgstr "" +"接受整数参数的内置和扩展函数不再接受 :class:`~decimal.Decimal`, :class:`~fractions.Fraction` " +"以及其他可被转换为整数但会丢失精度（即具有 :meth:`~object.__int__` 方法但没有 " +":meth:`~object.__index__` 方法）的对象。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`37999` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:831 +msgid "" +"If :func:`object.__ipow__` returns :data:`NotImplemented`, the operator will" +" correctly fall back to :func:`object.__pow__` and :func:`object.__rpow__` " +"as expected. (Contributed by Alex Shkop in :issue:`38302`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 :func:`object.__ipow__` 返回 :data:`NotImplemented`，该运算符将按照预期正确地回退至 " +":func:`object.__pow__` 和 :func:`object.__rpow__`。 （由 Alex Shkop 在 " +":issue:`38302` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:835 +msgid "" +"Assignment expressions can now be used unparenthesized within set literals " +"and set comprehensions, as well as in sequence indexes (but not slices)." +msgstr "现在赋值表达式可以不带圆括号地在集合字面值和集合推导式中使用，也可以在序列索引号中使用（但不能用于切片）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:838 +msgid "" +"Functions have a new ``__builtins__`` attribute which is used to look for " +"builtin symbols when a function is executed, instead of looking into " +"``__globals__['__builtins__']``. The attribute is initialized from " +"``__globals__[\"__builtins__\"]`` if it exists, else from the current " +"builtins. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :issue:`42990`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数具有一个新的 ``__builtins__`` 属性，当函数被执行时它会被用于查找内置符号，而不是在 " +"``__globals__['__builtins__']`` 中查找。 如果 ``__globals__[\"__builtins__\"]`` " +"存在则该属性将基于它来初始化，否则将基于当前的内置函数。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :issue:`42990` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:844 +msgid "" +"Two new builtin functions -- :func:`aiter` and :func:`anext` have been added" +" to provide asynchronous counterparts to :func:`iter` and :func:`next`, " +"respectively. (Contributed by Joshua Bronson, Daniel Pope, and Justin Wang " +"in :issue:`31861`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了两个新的内置函数 —— :func:`aiter` 和 :func:`anext` 以分别提供与 :func:`iter` 和 " +":func:`next` 对应的异步版本。 （由 Joshua Bronson, Daniel Pope 和 Justin Wang 在 " +":issue:`31861` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:849 +msgid "" +"Static methods (:func:`@staticmethod `) and class methods " +"(:func:`@classmethod `) now inherit the method attributes " +"(``__module__``, ``__name__``, ``__qualname__``, ``__doc__``, " +"``__annotations__``) and have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute. Moreover, " +"static methods are now callable as regular functions. (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :issue:`43682`.)" +msgstr "" +"静态方法 (:func:`@staticmethod `) 和类方法 (:func:`@classmethod " +"`) 现在会继承方法属性 (``__module__``, ``__name__``, ``__qualname__``, " +"``__doc__``, ``__annotations__``) 并具有一个新的 ``__wrapped__`` 属性。 " +"此外，静态方法现在还是与常规函数一样的可调用对象。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`43682` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:856 +msgid "" +"Annotations for complex targets (everything beside ``simple name`` targets " +"defined by :pep:`526`) no longer cause any runtime effects with ``from " +"__future__ import annotations``. (Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in " +":issue:`42737`.)" +msgstr "" +"复杂目标的注解（ :pep:`526` 定义的除 ``simple name`` 之外的一切复杂目标）在运行时不再受 ``from __future__" +" import annotations`` 的影响。（由Batuhan Taskaya 在 :issue:`42737` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:860 +msgid "" +"Class and module objects now lazy-create empty annotations dicts on demand. " +"The annotations dicts are stored in the object’s ``__dict__`` for backwards " +"compatibility. This improves the best practices for working with " +"``__annotations__``; for more information, please see :ref:`annotations-" +"howto`. (Contributed by Larry Hastings in :issue:`43901`.)" +msgstr "" +"类和模块对象现在可以按需创建空的注解字典。为保证向下兼容，这些注解数据将存储于对象的 ``__dict__`` 中。这改进了 " +"``__annotations__`` 的最佳用法；更多信息请参阅 :ref:`annotations-howto` 。（由 Larry " +"Hastings 在 :issue:`43901` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:867 +msgid "" +"Annotations consist of ``yield``, ``yield from``, ``await`` or named " +"expressions are now forbidden under ``from __future__ import annotations`` " +"due to their side effects. (Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in " +":issue:`42725`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于会产生副作用，现在 ``from __future__ import annotations`` 时禁止使用包含 ``yield`` 、 " +"``yield from`` 、 ``await`` 或已命名表达式的注解。（由 Batuhan Taskaya 在 :issue:`42725` " +"中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:872 +msgid "" +"Usage of unbound variables, ``super()`` and other expressions that might " +"alter the processing of symbol table as annotations are now rendered " +"effectless under ``from __future__ import annotations``. (Contributed by " +"Batuhan Taskaya in :issue:`42725`.)" +msgstr "" +"未绑定变量、``super()`` 和其他可能改变符号表处理的表达式，现在在 ``from __future__ import " +"annotations`` 时不能用作注解。（由 Batuhan Taskaya 在 :issue:`42725` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:877 +msgid "" +"Hashes of NaN values of both :class:`float` type and " +":class:`decimal.Decimal` type now depend on object identity. Formerly, they " +"always hashed to ``0`` even though NaN values are not equal to one another. " +"This caused potentially quadratic runtime behavior due to excessive hash " +"collisions when creating dictionaries and sets containing multiple NaNs. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`43475`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`float` 类型和 :class:`decimal.Decimal` 类型的 NaN 值的哈希值现在取决于对象身份。以前，即便 NaN" +" 值彼此不等，也都是哈希为 ``0``。在创建包含多个 NaN 的字典和集合时，由于哈希冲突过度，导致了运行代价可能会二次方增长。（由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 在 :issue:`43475` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:884 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`SyntaxError` (instead of a :exc:`NameError`) will be raised when " +"deleting the :const:`__debug__` constant. (Contributed by Donghee Na in " +":issue:`45000`.)" +msgstr "" +"当删除 :const:`__debug__` 常量时将引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` (而不是 :exc:`NameError`)。 （由 " +"Donghee Na 在 :issue:`45000` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:887 +msgid "" +":exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions now have ``end_lineno`` and ``end_offset`` " +"attributes. They will be ``None`` if not determined. (Contributed by Pablo " +"Galindo in :issue:`43914`.)" +msgstr "" +":exc:`SyntaxError` 异常现在有 ``end_lineno`` 和 ``end_offset`` 属性。 如果不确定的话，它们将是 " +"``None`` 。(由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43914` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:892 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:894 +msgid "None." +msgstr "无。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:898 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:901 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:903 +msgid "" +"Add missing " +":meth:`~asyncio.events.AbstractEventLoop.connect_accepted_socket` method. " +"(Contributed by Alex Grönholm in :issue:`41332`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入了缺失的 :meth:`~asyncio.events.AbstractEventLoop.connect_accepted_socket` " +"方法。（由 Alex Grönholm 在 :issue:`41332` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:908 +msgid "argparse" +msgstr "argparse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:910 +msgid "" +"Misleading phrase \"optional arguments\" was replaced with \"options\" in " +"argparse help. Some tests might require adaptation if they rely on exact " +"output match. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`9694`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 argparse 的帮助中，将“可选参数”这一误导性短语改为“可选项”。某些测试代码如果依赖精确的输出匹配，可能需要调整。（由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 在 :issue:`9694` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:914 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:916 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~array.array.index` method of :class:`array.array` now has " +"optional *start* and *stop* parameters. (Contributed by Anders Lorentsen and" +" Zackery Spytz in :issue:`31956`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在， :class:`array.array` 的 :meth:`~array.array.index` 方法拥有可选的 *start* 和 " +"*stop* 参数。（由 Anders Lorentsen 和 Zackery Spytz 在 :issue:`31956` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:921 +msgid "asynchat, asyncore, smtpd" +msgstr "asynchat、asyncore 和 smtpd" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:922 +msgid "" +"These modules have been marked as deprecated in their module documentation " +"since Python 3.6. An import-time :class:`DeprecationWarning` has now been " +"added to all three of these modules." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.6 开始，这些模块在其文档中已被标为废弃。现在这三个模块都增加了一个导入时警告 " +":class:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:927 +msgid "base64" +msgstr "base64" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`base64.b32hexencode` and :func:`base64.b32hexdecode` to support " +"the Base32 Encoding with Extended Hex Alphabet." +msgstr "" +"增加 :func:`base64.b32hexencode` 和 :func:`base64.b32hexdecode` 以支持带有扩展十六进制字母的 " +"Base32 编码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:933 +msgid "bdb" +msgstr "bdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:935 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`~bdb.Breakpoint.clearBreakpoints` to reset all set breakpoints. " +"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`24160`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :meth:`~bdb.Breakpoint.clearBreakpoints` ，用于重置所有已设断点。（由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":issue:`24160` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:939 +msgid "bisect" +msgstr "bisect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:941 +msgid "" +"Added the possibility of providing a *key* function to the APIs in the " +":mod:`bisect` module. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`4356`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了为 :mod:`bisect` 模块中的 API 提供 *key* 函数的可能性。(由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`4356` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:945 +msgid "codecs" +msgstr "编码器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:947 +msgid "" +"Add a :func:`codecs.unregister` function to unregister a codec search " +"function. (Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`41842`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加一个 :func:`codecs.unregister` 函数，用于取消对编解码器搜索函数的注册。（由 Hai Shi 在 " +":issue:`41842` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:951 +msgid "collections.abc" +msgstr "collections.abc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:953 +msgid "" +"The ``__args__`` of the :ref:`parameterized generic ` " +"for :class:`collections.abc.Callable` are now consistent with " +":data:`typing.Callable`. :class:`collections.abc.Callable` generic now " +"flattens type parameters, similar to what :data:`typing.Callable` currently " +"does. This means that ``collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], str]`` will " +"have ``__args__`` of ``(int, str, str)``; previously this was ``([int, str]," +" str)``. To allow this change, :class:`types.GenericAlias` can now be " +"subclassed, and a subclass will be returned when subscripting the " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` type. Note that a :exc:`TypeError` may be" +" raised for invalid forms of parameterizing " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` which may have passed silently in Python " +"3.9. (Contributed by Ken Jin in :issue:`42195`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在， :ref:`parameterized generic ` 的 " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` 的 ``__args__`` 与 :data:`typing.Callable` " +"一致了。 :class:`collections.abc.Callable` generic 现在将类型参数扁平化了，类似于 " +":data:`typing.Callable` 当前的做法。这意味着 ``collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], " +"str]`` 将带有 ``(int, str, str)`` 的参数 ``__args__``；以前是 ``([int, str], str)`` " +"。为了做到这一变化， :class:`types.GenericAlias` 现在可以被子类化，当对 " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` " +"类型进行下标访问时，将返回一个子类。注意，:class:`collections.abc.Callable` 非法的参数化形式可能会触发 " +":exc:`TypeError` ，而在 Python 3.9 中可能就静默了。（由 Ken Jin 在 :issue:`42195` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:966 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:968 +msgid "" +"Add a :func:`contextlib.aclosing` context manager to safely close async " +"generators and objects representing asynchronously released resources. " +"(Contributed by Joongi Kim and John Belmonte in :issue:`41229`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了一个上下文管理器 :func:`contextlib.aclosing` ，以便能安全关闭异步生成器和代表异步释放资源的对象。（由 Joongi " +"Kim 和 John Belmonte 在 :issue:`41229` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:972 +msgid "" +"Add asynchronous context manager support to :func:`contextlib.nullcontext`. " +"(Contributed by Tom Gringauz in :issue:`41543`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`contextlib.nullcontext` 加入异步上下文管理器支持。由 Tom Gringauz 在 " +":issue:`41543` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:975 +msgid "" +"Add :class:`~contextlib.AsyncContextDecorator`, for supporting usage of " +"async context managers as decorators." +msgstr "添加了 :class:`~contextlib.AsyncContextDecorator`，以支持将异步上下文管理器用作装饰器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:979 +msgid "curses" +msgstr "curses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:981 +msgid "" +"The extended color functions added in ncurses 6.1 will be used transparently" +" by :func:`curses.color_content`, :func:`curses.init_color`, " +":func:`curses.init_pair`, and :func:`curses.pair_content`. A new function, " +":func:`curses.has_extended_color_support`, indicates whether extended color " +"support is provided by the underlying ncurses library. (Contributed by " +"Jeffrey Kintscher and Hans Petter Jansson in :issue:`36982`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 ncurses 6.1 中增加的扩展颜色函数将会由 :func:`curses.color_content` 、 " +":func:`curses.init_color` 、 :func:`curses.init_pair` 和 " +":func:`curses.pair_content` 透明地使用。新增的函数 " +":func:`curses.has_extended_color_support` 将指明下层的 ncurses 库是否提供了扩展颜色支持。（由 " +"Jeffrey Kintscher 和 Hans Petter Jansson 在 :issue:`36982` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:988 +msgid "" +"The ``BUTTON5_*`` constants are now exposed in the :mod:`curses` module if " +"they are provided by the underlying curses library. (Contributed by Zackery " +"Spytz in :issue:`39273`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在常量 ``BUTTON5_*`` 如果是由底层的 curses 库提供的，则会在 :mod:`curses` 模块中体现。（由 Zackery " +"Spytz 在 :issue:`39273` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:993 +msgid "dataclasses" +msgstr "dataclasses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:996 +msgid "__slots__" +msgstr "__slots__" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Added ``slots`` parameter in :func:`dataclasses.dataclass` decorator. " +"(Contributed by Yurii Karabas in :issue:`42269`)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`dataclasses.dataclass` 装饰器中添加 ``slots`` 参数。(由 Yurii Karabas 在 " +":issue:`42269` 中贡献)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1002 +msgid "Keyword-only fields" +msgstr "仅限关键字字段" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"dataclasses now supports fields that are keyword-only in the generated " +"__init__ method. There are a number of ways of specifying keyword-only " +"fields." +msgstr "数据类现在支持在生成的 __init__ 方法中只用关键字的字段。 有许多方法可以指定只用关键字的字段。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1008 +msgid "You can say that every field is keyword-only:" +msgstr "你可以说每一个字段都是仅限关键字的:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass(kw_only=True)\n" +"class Birthday:\n" +" name: str\n" +" birthday: datetime.date" +msgstr "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass(kw_only=True)\n" +"class Birthday:\n" +" name: str\n" +" birthday: datetime.date" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"Both ``name`` and ``birthday`` are keyword-only parameters to the generated " +"__init__ method." +msgstr "``name`` 和 ``birthday`` 都是生成的 __init__ 方法的仅限关键字的参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1022 +msgid "You can specify keyword-only on a per-field basis:" +msgstr "你可以在每个字段的基础上指定仅限关键字：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass, field\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Birthday:\n" +" name: str\n" +" birthday: datetime.date = field(kw_only=True)" +msgstr "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass, field\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Birthday:\n" +" name: str\n" +" birthday: datetime.date = field(kw_only=True)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"Here only ``birthday`` is keyword-only. If you set ``kw_only`` on " +"individual fields, be aware that there are rules about re-ordering fields " +"due to keyword-only fields needing to follow non-keyword-only fields. See " +"the full dataclasses documentation for details." +msgstr "" +"这里的只有 ``birthday`` 是仅限关键字。如果你在单个字段上设置 ``kw_only`` " +"，要注意由于仅限关键字的字段需要跟在非仅限关键字的字段后面，所以有关于重新排序的规则。 详情请看完整的数据类文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1038 +msgid "" +"You can also specify that all fields following a KW_ONLY marker are keyword-" +"only. This will probably be the most common usage:" +msgstr "你也可以指定 KW_ONLY 标记后面的所有字段都是仅限关键字的。 这可能是最常见的用法：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass, KW_ONLY\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: float\n" +" y: float\n" +" _: KW_ONLY\n" +" z: float = 0.0\n" +" t: float = 0.0" +msgstr "" +"from dataclasses import dataclass, KW_ONLY\n" +"\n" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: float\n" +" y: float\n" +" _: KW_ONLY\n" +" z: float = 0.0\n" +" t: float = 0.0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1053 +msgid "" +"Here, ``z`` and ``t`` are keyword-only parameters, while ``x`` and ``y`` are" +" not. (Contributed by Eric V. Smith in :issue:`43532`.)" +msgstr "" +"在这里，``z`` 和 ``t`` 是仅限关键字形参，而 ``x`` 和 ``y`` 不是。 （由 Eric V. Smith 在 " +":issue:`43532` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1060 +msgid "distutils" +msgstr "distutils" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1062 +msgid "" +"The entire ``distutils`` package is deprecated, to be removed in Python " +"3.12. Its functionality for specifying package builds has already been " +"completely replaced by third-party packages ``setuptools`` and " +"``packaging``, and most other commonly used APIs are available elsewhere in " +"the standard library (such as :mod:`platform`, :mod:`shutil`, " +":mod:`subprocess` or :mod:`sysconfig`). There are no plans to migrate any " +"other functionality from ``distutils``, and applications that are using " +"other functions should plan to make private copies of the code. Refer to " +":pep:`632` for discussion." +msgstr "" +"整个 ``distutils`` 包已被废弃，将在 Python 3.12 中移除。其用指定包构建程序的功能已被第三方软件包 " +"``setuptools`` 和 ``packaging`` 完全取代，而且大多数其他常用的 API 在标准库的其他地方都可以调用（如 " +":mod:`platform` 、 :mod:`shutil` 、 :mod:`subprocess` 或 " +":mod:`sysconfig`）。目前没有迁移 ``distutils`` 其他功能的计划，用到其他功能的应用程序应该准备好自己保留一份拷贝。请参考 " +":pep:`632` 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1072 +msgid "" +"The ``bdist_wininst`` command deprecated in Python 3.8 has been removed. The" +" ``bdist_wheel`` command is now recommended to distribute binary packages on" +" Windows. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`42802`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.8 中废弃的 ``bdist_wininst`` 命令已被移除。现在在 Windows 中发布二进制包推荐采用 " +"``bdist_wheel`` 命令。（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`42802` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1078 +msgid "doctest" +msgstr "doctest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1080 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1215 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1242 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1341 +msgid "" +"When a module does not define ``__loader__``, fall back to " +"``__spec__.loader``. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`42133`.)" +msgstr "" +"若模块中没有定义 ``__loader__`` ，则回退至使用 ``__spec__.loader`` 。（由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`42133` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1084 +msgid "encodings" +msgstr "encodings" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1086 +msgid "" +":func:`encodings.normalize_encoding` now ignores non-ASCII characters. " +"(Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`39337`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`encodings.normalize_encoding` 会忽略非 ASCII 字符。（由 Hai Shi 在 " +":issue:`39337` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1090 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1092 +msgid "" +":class:`~enum.Enum` :func:`~object.__repr__` now returns " +"``enum_name.member_name`` and :func:`~object.__str__` now returns " +"``member_name``. Stdlib enums available as module constants have a " +":func:`repr` of ``module_name.member_name``. (Contributed by Ethan Furman in" +" :issue:`40066`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~enum.Enum` :func:`~object.__repr__` 现在返回 ``enum_name.member_name`` " +"而 :func:`~object.__str__` 现在返回 ``member_name``。 作为模块常量提供的标准库枚举的 :func:`repr`" +" 为 ``module_name.member_name``。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 :issue:`40066` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"Add :class:`enum.StrEnum` for enums where all members are strings. " +"(Contributed by Ethan Furman in :issue:`41816`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :class:`enum.StrEnum` 用于所有成员均为字符串的枚举。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 :issue:`41816` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1101 +msgid "fileinput" +msgstr "fileinput" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1103 +msgid "" +"Add *encoding* and *errors* parameters in :func:`fileinput.input` and " +":class:`fileinput.FileInput`. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`43712`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`fileinput.input` 和 :class:`fileinput.FileInput` 中增加了 *encoding* 和 " +"*errors* 形参。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`43712` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1107 +msgid "" +":func:`fileinput.hook_compressed` now returns :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` " +"object when *mode* is \"r\" and file is compressed, like uncompressed files." +" (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`5758`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`fileinput.hook_compressed` 会在 *mode* 为 \"r\" 且文件被压缩时返回 " +":class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` 对象，与未压缩文件一样。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`5758` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1112 +msgid "faulthandler" +msgstr "faulthandler" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1114 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`faulthandler` module now detects if a fatal error occurs during a " +"garbage collector collection. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`44466`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`faulthandler` 模块会检测在垃圾回收期间是否发生严重错误。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`44466` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1119 +msgid "gc" +msgstr "gc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"Add audit hooks for :func:`gc.get_objects`, :func:`gc.get_referrers` and " +":func:`gc.get_referents`. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43439`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`gc.get_objects`, :func:`gc.get_referrers` 和 " +":func:`gc.get_referents` 添加了审计钩子。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43439` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1125 +msgid "glob" +msgstr "glob" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"Add the *root_dir* and *dir_fd* parameters in :func:`~glob.glob` and " +":func:`~glob.iglob` which allow to specify the root directory for searching." +" (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`38144`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`~glob.glob` 和 :func:`~glob.iglob` 中增加了 *root_dir* 和 *dir_fd* " +"形参，用于指定搜索的根目录。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`38144` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1132 +msgid "hashlib" +msgstr "hashlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1134 +msgid "" +"The hashlib module requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :pep:`644` and :issue:`43669`.)" +msgstr "" +"hashlib 模块要求 OpenSSL 1.1.1 或更新版本。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :pep:`644` 和 " +":issue:`43669` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1137 +msgid "" +"The hashlib module has preliminary support for OpenSSL 3.0.0. (Contributed " +"by Christian Heimes in :issue:`38820` and other issues.)" +msgstr "" +"hashlib 模块已初步支持 OpenSSL 3.0.0。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`38820` " +"及其他问题事项中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1140 +msgid "" +"The pure-Python fallback of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` is deprecated. In " +"the future PBKDF2-HMAC will only be available when Python has been built " +"with OpenSSL support. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`43880`.)" +msgstr "" +"纯 Python 的回退版 :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` 已被弃用。 未来 PBKDF2-HMAC 将仅在 Python " +"带有 OpenSSL 编译时才可用。（由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`43880` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1146 +msgid "hmac" +msgstr "hmac" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1148 +msgid "" +"The hmac module now uses OpenSSL's HMAC implementation internally. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`40645`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 hmac 模块会在内部使用 OpenSSL 的 HMAC 实现。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`40645` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1152 +msgid "IDLE and idlelib" +msgstr "IDLE 与 idlelib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"Make IDLE invoke :func:`sys.excepthook` (when started without '-n'). User " +"hooks were previously ignored. (Contributed by Ken Hilton in " +":issue:`43008`.)" +msgstr "" +"使 IDLE 调用 :func:`sys.excepthook` （当启动时没有 '-n' ）。用户钩子以前是被忽略的。 (由 Ken Hilton 在" +" :issue:`43008` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1158 +msgid "" +"Rearrange the settings dialog. Split the General tab into Windows and " +"Shell/Ed tabs. Move help sources, which extend the Help menu, to the " +"Extensions tab. Make space for new options and shorten the dialog. The " +"latter makes the dialog better fit small screens. (Contributed by Terry Jan" +" Reedy in :issue:`40468`.) Move the indent space setting from the Font tab " +"to the new Windows tab. (Contributed by Mark Roseman and Terry Jan Reedy in" +" :issue:`33962`.)" +msgstr "" +"重新安排设置对话框。 将常规选项卡分成 Windows 和 Shell/Ed 选项卡。 " +"将扩展帮助菜单的帮助源移至扩展标签。为新选项留出空间，并缩短对话框。后者使对话框更适合小屏幕。 (由 Terry Jan Reedy 贡献于 " +":issue:`40468` 。) 将缩进空间设置从字体标签移到新的 Windows 标签。 (由 Mark Roseman 和 Terry Jan " +"Reedy 在 :issue:`33962` 中提供)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1166 +msgid "The changes above were backported to a 3.9 maintenance release." +msgstr "上述变化已被反向移植到 3.9 维护版本中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"Add a Shell sidebar. Move the primary prompt ('>>>') to the sidebar. Add " +"secondary prompts ('...') to the sidebar. Left click and optional drag " +"selects one or more lines of text, as with the editor line number sidebar. " +"Right click after selecting text lines displays a context menu with 'copy " +"with prompts'. This zips together prompts from the sidebar with lines from " +"the selected text. This option also appears on the context menu for the " +"text. (Contributed by Tal Einat in :issue:`37903`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 Shell 侧栏。 " +"将主提示符（“>>>”）移至侧栏。二级提示符（“...”）也加入侧栏。在编辑器的行号侧栏上鼠标单击和可选的拖动，会选定一行或多行文本。在选定文本行后右击将显示包含“copy" +" with prompts”的上下文菜单。这会将侧栏的提示符与选定文本行合并。该选项也会在文本的上下文菜单中显示。（由 Tal Einat 在 " +":issue:`37903` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"Use spaces instead of tabs to indent interactive code. This makes " +"interactive code entries 'look right'. Making this feasible was a major " +"motivation for adding the shell sidebar. (Contributed by Terry Jan Reedy in" +" :issue:`37892`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用空格而不是制表符来缩进交互式代码。 这使得交互式代码条目 \"看起来很正确\"。 使之可行是增加 shell 侧边栏的一个主要动机。 (由 " +"Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`37892` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1182 +msgid "" +"Highlight the new :ref:`soft keywords ` :keyword:`match`, " +":keyword:`case `, and :keyword:`_ ` in pattern-" +"matching statements. However, this highlighting is not perfect and will be " +"incorrect in some rare cases, including some ``_``-s in ``case`` patterns. " +"(Contributed by Tal Einat in :issue:`44010`.)" +msgstr "" +"在模式匹配语句中高亮显示新的 :ref:`软关键字 ` :keyword:`match` 、 :keyword:`case" +" ` 和 :keyword:`_ `。 但这种高亮显示并不完美，某些极端情况下还会出现错误，包括 " +"``case`` 模式中的一些 ``_``。 （由 Tal Einat 在 :issue:`44010` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1188 +msgid "New in 3.10 maintenance releases." +msgstr "3.10 维护版本中的新内容。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"Apply syntax highlighting to ``.pyi`` files. (Contributed by Alex Waygood " +"and Terry Jan Reedy in :issue:`45447`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 ``.pyi`` 文件应用语法高亮。 （由 Alex Waygood 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`45447` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1193 +msgid "" +"Include prompts when saving Shell with inputs and outputs. (Contributed by " +"Terry Jan Reedy in :gh:`95191`.)" +msgstr "当附带输入和输出地保存 Shell 时将包括提示符。 （由 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :gh:`95191` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1197 +msgid "importlib.metadata" +msgstr "importlib.metadata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"Feature parity with ``importlib_metadata`` 4.6 (`history `_)." +msgstr "" +"与 ``importlib_metadata`` 4.6（`history `_）的功能一致。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1202 +msgid "" +":ref:`importlib.metadata entry points ` now provide a nicer " +"experience for selecting entry points by group and name through a new " +":ref:`importlib.metadata.EntryPoints ` class. See the " +"Compatibility Note in the docs for more info on the deprecation and usage." +msgstr "" +"现在 :ref:`importlib.metadata 入口点 ` 通过新增的 " +":ref:`importlib.metadata.EntryPoints ` 类为使用分组和名称选择入口点提供了更好的体验。" +" 请参阅文档中的兼容性说明了解有关弃用和用法的更多信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1208 +msgid "" +"Added :ref:`importlib.metadata.packages_distributions() ` for resolving top-level Python modules and packages to their" +" :ref:`importlib.metadata.Distribution `." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :ref:`importlib.metadata.packages_distributions() ` 用于将最高层级 Python 模块和包解析为其 " +":ref:`importlib.metadata.Distribution `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1213 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1218 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`inspect.get_annotations`, which safely computes the annotations " +"defined on an object. It works around the quirks of accessing the " +"annotations on various types of objects, and makes very few assumptions " +"about the object it examines. :func:`inspect.get_annotations` can also " +"correctly un-stringize stringized annotations. " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations` is now considered best practice for " +"accessing the annotations dict defined on any Python object; for more " +"information on best practices for working with annotations, please see " +":ref:`annotations-howto`. Relatedly, :func:`inspect.signature`, " +":func:`inspect.Signature.from_callable`, and " +":func:`!inspect.Signature.from_function` now call " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations` to retrieve annotations. This means " +":func:`inspect.signature` and :func:`inspect.Signature.from_callable` can " +"also now un-stringize stringized annotations. (Contributed by Larry Hastings" +" in :issue:`43817`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`inspect.get_annotations`，可以安全地计算在对象上定义的标注。 " +"它解决了访问各种对象上的标注的问题，并且对于它所检查的对象只规定了非常少的预设。 :func:`inspect.get_annotations` " +"也能正确地对字符串化的标注进行反字符串化。 :func:`inspect.get_annotations` 现在被认为是访问在任意 Python " +"对象上定义的标注字典的最佳实践；有关处理标注的最佳实践的更多信息，请参阅 :ref:`annotations-howto`。 " +"相应地，:func:`inspect.signature`, :func:`inspect.Signature.from_callable` 和 " +":func:`!inspect.Signature.from_function` 现在会调用 " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations` 来获取标注信息。 这意味着 :func:`inspect.signature` 和 " +":func:`inspect.Signature.from_callable` 现在也可以对字符串化的标注进行反字符串化。 （由 Larry " +"Hastings 在 :issue:`43817` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1234 +msgid "itertools" +msgstr "itertools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`itertools.pairwise`. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in " +":issue:`38200`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`itertools.pairwise`。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`38200` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1240 +msgid "linecache" +msgstr "linecache" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1246 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1248 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`os.cpu_count` support for VxWorks RTOS. (Contributed by Peixing " +"Xin in :issue:`41440`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 VxWorks 实时操作系统增加 :func:`os.cpu_count` 支持。 （由 Peixing Xin 在 :issue:`41440` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"Add a new function :func:`os.eventfd` and related helpers to wrap the " +"``eventfd2`` syscall on Linux. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`41001`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入一个新函数 :func:`os.eventfd` 及其助手函数，以封装 Linux 的系统调用 ``eventfd2`` 。(由 Christian" +" Heimes 在 :issue:`41001` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1255 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`os.splice` that allows to move data between two file descriptors " +"without copying between kernel address space and user address space, where " +"one of the file descriptors must refer to a pipe. (Contributed by Pablo " +"Galindo in :issue:`41625`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :func:`os.splice` " +"以允许在两个文件描述符之间移动数据，而无需在内核地址空间和用户地址空间之间进行复制，其中一个文件描述符必须指向某个管道。 （由 Pablo " +"Galindo 在 :issue:`41625` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1260 +msgid "" +"Add :const:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :const:`~os.O_FSYNC`, :const:`~os.O_SYMLINK` and" +" :const:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY` for macOS. (Contributed by Donghee Na in " +":issue:`43106`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 macOS 增加了 :const:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :const:`~os.O_FSYNC`, " +":const:`~os.O_SYMLINK` 和 :const:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`43106` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1265 +msgid "os.path" +msgstr "os.path" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1267 +msgid "" +":func:`os.path.realpath` now accepts a *strict* keyword-only argument. When " +"set to ``True``, :exc:`OSError` is raised if a path doesn't exist or a " +"symlink loop is encountered. (Contributed by Barney Gale in :issue:`43757`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`os.path.realpath` 可接受一个关键字参数 *strict*。 若设为 ``True`` " +"，则在路径不存在或遭遇循环符号链接时，会触发 :exc:`OSError`。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :issue:`43757` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1273 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"Add slice support to :attr:`PurePath.parents `. " +"(Contributed by Joshua Cannon in :issue:`35498`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :attr:`PurePath.parents ` 增加切片支持。 （由 Joshua " +"Cannon 在 :issue:`35498` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"Add negative indexing support to :attr:`PurePath.parents " +"`. (Contributed by Yaroslav Pankovych in " +":issue:`21041`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :attr:`PurePath.parents ` 增加负序列号支持。 （由 Yaroslav " +"Pankovych 在 :issue:`21041` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1282 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`Path.hardlink_to ` method that " +"supersedes :meth:`!link_to`. The new method has the same argument order as " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to`. (Contributed by Barney Gale in " +":issue:`39950`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`Path.hardlink_to ` 方法来取代 " +":meth:`!link_to`。 这个新方法的参数顺序与 :meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to` 的相同。 （由 " +"Barney Gale 在 :issue:`39950` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1287 +msgid "" +":meth:`pathlib.Path.stat` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod` now accept a " +"*follow_symlinks* keyword-only argument for consistency with corresponding " +"functions in the :mod:`os` module. (Contributed by Barney Gale in " +":issue:`39906`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`pathlib.Path.stat` 和 :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod` 接受一个关键字参数 " +"*follow_symlinks* ，以便与 :mod:`os` 模块中的对应函数保持一致。（由 Barney Gale 贡献于 " +":issue:`39906` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1293 +msgid "platform" +msgstr "平台" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1295 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`platform.freedesktop_os_release` to retrieve operation system " +"identification from `freedesktop.org os-release " +"`_ " +"standard file. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`28468`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :func:`platform.freedesktop_os_release` 用于从 `freedesktop.org os-release " +"`_ " +"标准文件提取操作系统标识。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`28468` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1301 +msgid "pprint" +msgstr "pprint" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1303 +msgid "" +":func:`pprint.pprint` now accepts a new ``underscore_numbers`` keyword " +"argument. (Contributed by sblondon in :issue:`42914`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`pprint.pprint` 接受一个新的关键字参数 ``underscore_numbers``。（由 sblondon 贡献于 " +":issue:`42914` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1306 +msgid "" +":mod:`pprint` can now pretty-print :class:`dataclasses.dataclass` instances." +" (Contributed by Lewis Gaul in :issue:`43080`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`pprint` 可以完美打印 :class:`dataclasses.dataclass` 实例。（由 Lewis Gaul 贡献于 " +":issue:`43080` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1310 +msgid "py_compile" +msgstr "py_compile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"Add ``--quiet`` option to command-line interface of :mod:`py_compile`. " +"(Contributed by Gregory Schevchenko in :issue:`38731`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`py_compile' 的命令行界面加入 ``--quiet`` 选项。（由 Gregory Schevchenko 贡献于 " +":issue:`38731` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1316 +msgid "pyclbr" +msgstr "pyclbr" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1318 +msgid "" +"Add an ``end_lineno`` attribute to the ``Function`` and ``Class`` objects in" +" the tree returned by :func:`pyclbr.readmodule` and " +":func:`pyclbr.readmodule_ex`. It matches the existing (start) ``lineno``. " +"(Contributed by Aviral Srivastava in :issue:`38307`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`pyclbr.readmodule` 和 :func:`pyclbr.readmodule_ex` 返回的结果树中的 " +"``Function`` 和 ``Class`` 对象上添加一个 ``end_lineno`` 属性。 它将匹配现有的 (起始) ``lineno``。" +" （由 Aviral Srivastava 在 :issue:`38307` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1324 +msgid "shelve" +msgstr "shelve" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1326 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`shelve` module now uses :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` by " +"default instead of :mod:`pickle` protocol ``3`` when creating shelves. " +"(Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`34204`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`shelve` 在创建 shelve 时默认使用 :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` 而不是 " +":mod:`pickle` 协议 ``3``。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 :issue:`34204` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1331 +msgid "statistics" +msgstr "statistics" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~statistics.covariance`, Pearson's " +":func:`~statistics.correlation`, and simple " +":func:`~statistics.linear_regression` functions. (Contributed by Tymoteusz " +"Wołodźko in :issue:`38490`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :func:`~statistics.covariance` 、Pearson 的 :func:`~statistics.correlation`" +" 和简单的 :func:`~statistics.linear_regression` 函数。（由 Tymoteusz Wołodźko 贡献于 " +":issue:`38490` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1339 +msgid "site" +msgstr "site" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1345 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"The exception :exc:`socket.timeout` is now an alias of :exc:`TimeoutError`. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`42413`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在异常 :exc:`socket.timeout` 是 :exc:`TimeoutError` 的别名。（由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`42413` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"Add option to create MPTCP sockets with ``IPPROTO_MPTCP`` (Contributed by " +"Rui Cunha in :issue:`43571`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入用 ``IPPROTO_MPTCP`` 创建 MPTCP 套接字的选项（由 Rui Cunha 贡献于 :issue:`43571` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1353 +msgid "" +"Add ``IP_RECVTOS`` option to receive the type of service (ToS) or DSCP/ECN " +"fields (Contributed by Georg Sauthoff in :issue:`44077`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 ``IP_RECVTOS`` 选项，以便接收服务类型（ToS）或 DSCP/ECN 字段（由 Georg Sauthoff 贡献于 " +":issue:`44077` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1357 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1359 +msgid "" +"The ssl module requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer. (Contributed by Christian " +"Heimes in :pep:`644` and :issue:`43669`.)" +msgstr "" +"ssl 模块要求 OpenSSL 1.1.1 或更新版本。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :pep:`644` 和 " +":issue:`43669` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"The ssl module has preliminary support for OpenSSL 3.0.0 and new option " +":const:`~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF`. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`38820`, :issue:`43794`, :issue:`43788`, :issue:`43791`, " +":issue:`43799`, :issue:`43920`, :issue:`43789`, and :issue:`43811`.)" +msgstr "" +"ssl 模块已初步支持 OpenSSL 3.0.0 和新选项 :const:`~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF`。 （由 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`38820`, :issue:`43794`, :issue:`43788`, " +":issue:`43791`, :issue:`43799`, :issue:`43920`, :issue:`43789` 和 " +":issue:`43811` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1368 +msgid "" +"Deprecated function and use of deprecated constants now result in a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.options` has " +":data:`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2` and :data:`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3` set by default and " +"therefore cannot warn about setting the flag again. The :ref:`deprecation " +"section ` has a list of deprecated features. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`43880`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，已弃用函数和使用已弃用常量会导致 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 " +":attr:`ssl.SSLContext.options` 默认设置了 :data:`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2` 和 " +":data:`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3` ，因而设置此标记无法再次发出警告了。 :ref:`弃用部分 " +"` 列出了已弃用的特性。 （由 Christian Heimes 贡献于 :issue:`43880` " +"）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"The ssl module now has more secure default settings. Ciphers without forward" +" secrecy or SHA-1 MAC are disabled by default. Security level 2 prohibits " +"weak RSA, DH, and ECC keys with less than 112 bits of security. " +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` defaults to minimum protocol version TLS 1.2. " +"Settings are based on Hynek Schlawack's research. (Contributed by Christian " +"Heimes in :issue:`43998`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，ssl 模块默认设置的安全性提高了。默认情况下，不具备前向安全性或 SHA-1 MAC 的加密算法会被禁用。二级安全禁止安全性低于 112 位的弱" +" RSA、DH 和 ECC 密钥。 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 默认的最低版本协议为 TLS 1.2。这些设置是基于 Hynek " +"Schlawack 的研究。（由 Christian Heimes 贡献于 :issue:`43998` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1383 +msgid "" +"The deprecated protocols SSL 3.0, TLS 1.0, and TLS 1.1 are no longer " +"officially supported. Python does not block them actively. However OpenSSL " +"build options, distro configurations, vendor patches, and cipher suites may " +"prevent a successful handshake." +msgstr "" +"已弃用的协议 SSL 3.0, TLS 1.0 和 TLS 1.1 不再受到官方支持。Python 不会直接禁用。但 OpenSSL " +"编译选项、发行版配置、厂商补丁和加密套件可能会阻止握手成功。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"Add a *timeout* parameter to the :func:`ssl.get_server_certificate` " +"function. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`31870`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`ssl.get_server_certificate` 函数加入 *timeout* 形参。（由 Zackery Spytz 贡献于 " +":issue:`31870` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"The ssl module uses heap-types and multi-phase initialization. (Contributed " +"by Christian Heimes in :issue:`42333`.)" +msgstr "ssl 模块用到了堆类型和多阶段初始化。（由 Christian Heimes 贡献于 :issue:`42333` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1394 +msgid "" +"A new verify flag :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` has been added. " +"(Contributed by l0x in :issue:`40849`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了一个新的校验旗标 :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN`。 （由 l0x 在 :issue:`40849`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1398 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1400 +msgid "" +"Add audit events for :func:`~sqlite3.connect/handle`, " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension`, and " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.load_extension`. (Contributed by Erlend E. " +"Aasland in :issue:`43762`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`~sqlite3.connect/handle` 、 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.load_extension` 加入审计事件。（由 Erlend E. Aasland 贡献于 " +":issue:`43762`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1406 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1408 +msgid "" +"Add :data:`sys.orig_argv` attribute: the list of the original command line " +"arguments passed to the Python executable. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in" +" :issue:`23427`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入了 :data:`sys.orig_argv` 属性：传给 Python 可执行文件的初始命令行参数列表。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于" +" :issue:`23427` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"Add :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names`, containing the list of the standard " +"library module names. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`42955`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names`，包含标准库模块名称的列表。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`42955` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1417 +msgid "_thread" +msgstr "_thread" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1419 +msgid "" +":func:`_thread.interrupt_main` now takes an optional signal number to " +"simulate (the default is still :const:`signal.SIGINT`). (Contributed by " +"Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`43356`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`_thread.interrupt_main` 接受一个可选的信号数值供模拟 (默认值仍为 " +":const:`signal.SIGINT`)。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`43356` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1424 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1426 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`threading.gettrace` and :func:`threading.getprofile` to retrieve " +"the functions set by :func:`threading.settrace` and " +":func:`threading.setprofile` respectively. (Contributed by Mario Corchero in" +" :issue:`42251`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :func:`threading.gettrace` 和 :func:`threading.getprofile` ，分别用于获取 " +":func:`threading.settrace` 和 :func:`threading.setprofile` 设置的函数。（由Mario " +"Corchero 贡献于 :issue:`42251` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"Add :data:`threading.__excepthook__` to allow retrieving the original value " +"of :func:`threading.excepthook` in case it is set to a broken or a different" +" value. (Contributed by Mario Corchero in :issue:`42308`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :data:`threading.__excepthook__` ，用于获取 :func:`threading.excepthook` " +"的初始值，以防被设为一个差劲或其他的值。（由 Mario Corchero 贡献于 :issue:`42308` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1437 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "traceback" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1439 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~traceback.format_exception`, " +":func:`~traceback.format_exception_only`, and " +":func:`~traceback.print_exception` functions can now take an exception " +"object as a positional-only argument. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz and " +"Matthias Bussonnier in :issue:`26389`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，:func:`~traceback.format_exception` 、 " +":func:`~traceback.format_exception_only` 和 " +":func:`~traceback.print_exception` 函数可以接受一个异常对象，作为唯一的位置参数。（由 Zackery Spytz 和" +" Matthias Bussonnier 贡献于 :issue:`26389`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1446 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"Reintroduce the :data:`types.EllipsisType`, :data:`types.NoneType` and " +":data:`types.NotImplementedType` classes, providing a new set of types " +"readily interpretable by type checkers. (Contributed by Bas van Beek in " +":issue:`41810`.)" +msgstr "" +"重新引入 :data:`types.EllipsisType` 、 :data:`types.NoneType` 和 " +":data:`types.NotImplementedType` 类，以提供一套新的类型，可供类型检查程序解释。（由 Bas van Beek 贡献于 " +":issue:`41810`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1454 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1456 +msgid "For major changes, see :ref:`new-feat-related-type-hints`." +msgstr "主要的变化参阅 :ref:`new-feat-related-type-hints` 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"The behavior of :class:`typing.Literal` was changed to conform with " +":pep:`586` and to match the behavior of static type checkers specified in " +"the PEP." +msgstr ":class:`typing.Literal` 的行为被改为遵循 :pep:`586` 并匹配该 PEP 所描述的静态类型检查器的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1461 +msgid "``Literal`` now de-duplicates parameters." +msgstr "``Literal`` 现在将是去重后的形参。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1462 +msgid "" +"Equality comparisons between ``Literal`` objects are now order independent." +msgstr "``Literal`` 对象的相等性比较现在将与顺序无关。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"``Literal`` comparisons now respect types. For example, ``Literal[0] == " +"Literal[False]`` previously evaluated to ``True``. It is now ``False``. To" +" support this change, the internally used type cache now supports " +"differentiating types." +msgstr "" +"``Literal`` 比较现在会考虑类型。 例如 ``Literal[0] == Literal[False]`` 之前的结果值为 ``True``。" +" 现在则为 ``False``。 为支持此改变，内部使用的类型缓存现在也支持区分类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"``Literal`` objects will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception during " +"equality comparisons if any of their parameters are not :term:`hashable`. " +"Note that declaring ``Literal`` with unhashable parameters will not throw an" +" error::" +msgstr "" +"现在，如果 ``Literal`` 对象的任何参数都不是 :term:`hashable` ，在相等性比较时将引发 :exc:`TypeError` " +"异常。请注意，在声明 ``Literal`` 时，参数不可哈希不会抛出错误：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1472 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import Literal\n" +">>> Literal[{0}]\n" +">>> Literal[{0}] == Literal[{False}]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import Literal\n" +">>> Literal[{0}]\n" +">>> Literal[{0}] == Literal[{False}]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1479 +msgid "(Contributed by Yurii Karabas in :issue:`42345`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yurii Karabas 在 :issue:`42345` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"Add new function :func:`typing.is_typeddict` to introspect if an annotation " +"is a :class:`typing.TypedDict`. (Contributed by Patrick Reader in " +":issue:`41792`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入新函数 :func:`typing.is_typeddict` 用于内部检查标注是否为 :class:`typing.TypedDict`。 （由 " +"Patrick Reader 在 :issue:`41792` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1485 +msgid "" +"Subclasses of ``typing.Protocol`` which only have data variables declared " +"will now raise a ``TypeError`` when checked with ``isinstance`` unless they " +"are decorated with :func:`~typing.runtime_checkable`. Previously, these " +"checks passed silently. Users should decorate their subclasses with the " +":func:`!runtime_checkable` decorator if they want runtime protocols. " +"(Contributed by Yurii Karabas in :issue:`38908`.)" +msgstr "" +"只声明了数据变量的 ``typing.Protocol`` 子类在使用 ``isinstance`` 进行检查时现在将引发 " +"``TypeError``，除非它们是带有 :func:`~typing.runtime_checkable` 装饰器的。 " +"在之前版本中，这些检查会静默地通过。 如果用户需要运行时协议则应当对其子类设置 :func:`!runtime_checkable` 装饰器。 （由 " +"Yurii Karabas 在 :issue:`38908` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1493 +msgid "" +"Importing from the ``typing.io`` and ``typing.re`` submodules will now emit " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. These submodules have been deprecated since " +"Python 3.8 and will be removed in a future version of Python. Anything " +"belonging to those submodules should be imported directly from :mod:`typing`" +" instead. (Contributed by Sebastian Rittau in :issue:`38291`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 ``typing.io`` 和 ``typing.re`` 子模块导入现在将发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 这些子模块从" +" Python 3.8 开始已被弃用并将在未来的某个 Python 版本中被移除。 任何属于这些子模块的东西都应当改为直接从 :mod:`typing`" +" 导入。 （由 Sebastian Rittau 在 :issue:`38291` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1501 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1503 +msgid "" +"Add new method :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNoLogs` to complement the " +"existing :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLogs`. (Contributed by Kit Yan Choi" +" in :issue:`39385`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入新方法 :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertNoLogs` ，以补充现有的 " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLogs`。（由 Kit Yan Choi 贡献于 :issue:`39385` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1508 +msgid "urllib.parse" +msgstr "urllib.parse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"Python versions earlier than Python 3.10 allowed using both ``;`` and ``&`` " +"as query parameter separators in :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl`. Due to security concerns, and to conform " +"with newer W3C recommendations, this has been changed to allow only a single" +" separator key, with ``&`` as the default. This change also affects " +":func:`!cgi.parse` and :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` as they use the affected" +" functions internally. For more details, please see their respective " +"documentation. (Contributed by Adam Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran and Ken Jin" +" in :issue:`42967`.)" +msgstr "" +"早于 Python 3.10 的 Python 版本允许在 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` 和 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` 中同时使用 ``;`` 和 ``&`` 作为查询参数分隔符。 出于安全考虑，并遵守更新的 " +"W3C 建议，这已被修改为只允许一种分隔符，默认为 ``&``。 这一改变也影响到了 :func:`!cgi.parse` 和 " +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart`，因为他们内部用到了这些函数。 更多细节，请参阅相应的文档。 （由 Adam " +"Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran 和 Ken Jin 在 :issue:`42967` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1520 +msgid "" +"The presence of newline or tab characters in parts of a URL allows for some " +"forms of attacks. Following the WHATWG specification that updates " +":rfc:`3986`, ASCII newline ``\\n``, ``\\r`` and tab ``\\t`` characters are " +"stripped from the URL by the parser in :mod:`urllib.parse` preventing such " +"attacks. The removal characters are controlled by a new module level " +"variable ``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE``. (See :gh:`88048`)" +msgstr "" +"在 URL 中存在换行符或制表符可能会导致某种形式的攻击。 根据更新了 :rfc:`3986` 的 WHATWG " +"规范，:mod:`urllib.parse` 中的解析器将从 URL 中去除 ASCII 换行符 ``\\n``, ``\\r`` 和制表符 " +"``\\t`` 以防止这种攻击。 移除的字符将由一个新的模块层级变量 " +"``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE`` 来控制。 （参见 :gh:`88048`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1528 +msgid "xml" +msgstr "xml" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1530 +msgid "" +"Add a :class:`~xml.sax.handler.LexicalHandler` class to the " +":mod:`xml.sax.handler` module. (Contributed by Jonathan Gossage and Zackery " +"Spytz in :issue:`35018`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`xml.sax.handler` 模块中加入一个 :class:`~xml.sax.handler.LexicalHandler` " +"类。（由 Jonathan Gossage 和 Zackery Spytz 贡献于 :issue:`35018` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1535 +msgid "zipimport" +msgstr "zipimport" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"Add methods related to :pep:`451`: :meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.find_spec`," +" :meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.create_module`, and " +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in " +":issue:`42131`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :pep:`451` 相关的方法： :meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.find_spec` " +"、:meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.create_module` 和 " +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`。（由 Brett Cannon 贡献于 :issue:`42131`" +" ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1541 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.invalidate_caches` method. (Contributed by" +" Desmond Cheong in :issue:`14678`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.invalidate_caches` 方法。（由 Desmond Cheong 贡献于" +" :issue:`14678` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1546 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1548 +msgid "" +"Constructors :func:`str`, :func:`bytes` and :func:`bytearray` are now faster" +" (around 30--40% for small objects). (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`41334`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，构造函数 :func:`str` 、 :func:`bytes` 和 :func:`bytearray` 速度更快了（小对象大约提速 " +"30-40%）。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 贡献于 :issue:`41334` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1552 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`runpy` module now imports fewer modules. The ``python3 -m module-" +"name`` command startup time is 1.4x faster in average. On Linux, ``python3 " +"-I -m module-name`` imports 69 modules on Python 3.9, whereas it only " +"imports 51 modules (-18) on Python 3.10. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`41006` and :issue:`41718`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在， :mod:`runpy` 导入的模块变少了。``python3 -m module-name`` 命令的启动时间平均加快 1.4 倍。在 " +"Linux 上，Python 3.9 的 ``python3 -I -m module-name`` 导入了69个模块，而 Python 3.10 " +"只导入了 51个模块（少了 18 个）。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`41006` 和 :issue:`41718`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1558 +msgid "" +"The ``LOAD_ATTR`` instruction now uses new \"per opcode cache\" mechanism. " +"It is about 36% faster now for regular attributes and 44% faster for slots. " +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`42093` and Guido" +" van Rossum in :issue:`42927`, based on ideas implemented originally in PyPy" +" and MicroPython.)" +msgstr "" +"现在， ``LOAD_ATTR`` 指令会使用新的“单独操作码缓存”机制。对于常规属性大约会提速 36%，而对于槽位属性会加快 44%。（由 Pablo" +" Galindo 和 Yury Selivanov 贡献于 :issue:`42093` ），并由 Guido van Rossum 贡献于 " +":issue:`42927`，基于最初在 PyPy 和 MicroPython 中实现的思路。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1564 +msgid "" +"When building Python with :option:`--enable-optimizations` now ``-fno-" +"semantic-interposition`` is added to both the compile and link line. This " +"speeds builds of the Python interpreter created with :option:`--enable-" +"shared` with ``gcc`` by up to 30%. See `this article " +"`_ for more details. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner and Pablo Galindo in :issue:`38980`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，当用 :option:`--enable-optimizations` 构建 Python 时，会在编译和链接命令行中添加 ``-fno-" +"semantic-interposition``。 这会让用带参数 :option:`--enable-shared` 的 ``gcc`` 构建 " +"Python 解释器时提速 30%。详情请参阅`这篇文章 " +"`_ 。（由 Victor Stinner 和 Pablo" +" Galindo 贡献于 :issue:`38980` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1572 +msgid "" +"Use a new output buffer management code for :mod:`bz2` / :mod:`lzma` / " +":mod:`zlib` modules, and add ``.readall()`` function to " +"``_compression.DecompressReader`` class. bz2 decompression is now 1.09x ~ " +"1.17x faster, lzma decompression 1.20x ~ 1.32x faster, ``GzipFile.read(-1)``" +" 1.11x ~ 1.18x faster. (Contributed by Ma Lin, reviewed by Gregory P. Smith," +" in :issue:`41486`)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`bz2` / :mod:`lzma` / :mod:`zlib` 模块用了新的输出缓冲区管理代码，并在 " +"``_compression.DecompressReader`` 类中添加 ``.readall()`` 函数。现在，bz2 解压过程提速了 1.09" +" 倍 ~ 1.17 倍，lzma 解压快了 1.20 倍 ~ 1.32 倍， ``GzipFile.read(-1)`` 快了 1.11 倍 ~ " +"1.18 倍。（由 Ma Lin 贡献，由 Gregory P. Smith 审查， :issue:`41486`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1578 +msgid "" +"When using stringized annotations, annotations dicts for functions are no " +"longer created when the function is created. Instead, they are stored as a " +"tuple of strings, and the function object lazily converts this into the " +"annotations dict on demand. This optimization cuts the CPU time needed to " +"define an annotated function by half. (Contributed by Yurii Karabas and " +"Inada Naoki in :issue:`42202`.)" +msgstr "" +"当使用字符串化的标注时，函数的标注字典不再是在创建函数时被创建。 它们被改为存储为字符串元组，并且函数对象会在需要时延迟转换为标注字典。 " +"这一优化可将定义带标注函数的 CPU 时间减少一半。 （由 Yurii Karabas 和 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`42202` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1585 +msgid "" +"Substring search functions such as ``str1 in str2`` and ``str2.find(str1)`` " +"now sometimes use Crochemore & Perrin's \"Two-Way\" string searching " +"algorithm to avoid quadratic behavior on long strings. (Contributed by " +"Dennis Sweeney in :issue:`41972`)" +msgstr "" +"现在，子串搜索函数，如 ``str1 in str2`` 和 ``str2.find(str1)`` ，有时会采用Crochemore & " +"Perrin的“二路归并”字符串搜索算法，以避免长字符串的二次检索行为。（由 Dennis Sweeney 贡献于 :issue:`41972` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1590 +msgid "" +"Add micro-optimizations to ``_PyType_Lookup()`` to improve type attribute " +"cache lookup performance in the common case of cache hits. This makes the " +"interpreter 1.04 times faster on average. (Contributed by Dino Viehland in " +":issue:`43452`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 ``_PyType_Lookup()`` 增加微幅优化以提高类型属性缓存查询在常见缓存命中情况下的性能。 这使得解释器的平均速度提升至 1.04 " +"倍。 （由 Dino Viehland 在 :issue:`43452` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1594 +msgid "" +"The following built-in functions now support the faster :pep:`590` " +"vectorcall calling convention: :func:`map`, :func:`filter`, " +":func:`reversed`, :func:`bool` and :func:`float`. (Contributed by Donghee Na" +" and Jeroen Demeyer in :issue:`43575`, :issue:`43287`, :issue:`41922`, " +":issue:`41873` and :issue:`41870`.)" +msgstr "" +"下列内置函数现在支持更快速的 :pep:`590` vectorcall 调用约定: :func:`map`, :func:`filter`, " +":func:`reversed`, :func:`bool` 和 :func:`float`。 （由 Donghee Na 和 Jeroen " +"Demeyer 在 :issue:`43575`, :issue:`43287`, :issue:`41922`, :issue:`41873` 和 " +":issue:`41870` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1598 +msgid "" +":class:`~bz2.BZ2File` performance is improved by removing internal " +"``RLock``. This makes :class:`!BZ2File` thread unsafe in the face of " +"multiple simultaneous readers or writers, just like its equivalent classes " +"in :mod:`gzip` and :mod:`lzma` have always been. (Contributed by Inada " +"Naoki in :issue:`43785`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~bz2.BZ2File` 的性能通过移除内部 ``RLock`` 获得了提升。 这使得 :class:`!BZ2File` " +"在面对多个同时的读取器和写入器时不再是线程安全的，就像 :mod:`gzip` 和 :mod:`lzma` 中的对应类一直以来的情况那样。 （由 " +"Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`43785` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1606 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2212 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords, " +"for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``. It allows confusing and " +"ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be interpreted as " +"``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``). Starting in this release, a " +"deprecation warning is raised if the numeric literal is immediately followed" +" by one of keywords :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, " +":keyword:`if`, :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`. In future " +"releases it will be changed to syntax warning, and finally to syntax error. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`43833`.)" +msgstr "" +"目前 Python 接受数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字的写法，例如 ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``。 它将允许像" +" ``[0x1for x in y]`` 这样令人困惑且模棱两可的表达式 (它可以被解读为 ``[0x1 for x in y]`` 或者 " +"``[0x1f or x in y]``)。 从本发布版开始，如果数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字 :keyword:`and`, " +":keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is`" +" 和 :keyword:`or` 中的一个将会引发弃用警告。 在未来的版本中它将改为语法警告，最终将改为语法错误。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`43833` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1619 +msgid "" +"Starting in this release, there will be a concerted effort to begin cleaning" +" up old import semantics that were kept for Python 2.7 compatibility. " +"Specifically, :meth:`!find_loader`/:meth:`!find_module` (superseded by " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec`), " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` (superseded by " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`), :meth:`!module_repr` (which the " +"import system takes care of for you), the ``__package__`` attribute " +"(superseded by ``__spec__.parent``), the ``__loader__`` attribute " +"(superseded by ``__spec__.loader``), and the ``__cached__`` attribute " +"(superseded by ``__spec__.cached``) will slowly be removed (as well as other" +" classes and methods in :mod:`importlib`). :exc:`ImportWarning` and/or " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` will be raised as appropriate to help identify " +"code which needs updating during this transition." +msgstr "" +"从本发布版开始，将开始一次协同行动来清理为兼容 Python 2.7 而保留的旧导入语义。 " +"具体来说，:meth:`!find_loader`/:meth:`!find_module` (被 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 取代), " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` (被 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` 取代), :meth:`!module_repr` " +"(由导入系统负责处理), ``__package__`` 属性 (被 ``__spec__.parent`` 取代), ``__loader__`` " +"属性 (被 ``__spec__.loader`` 取代) 以及 ``__cached__`` 属性 (被 ``__spec__.cached`` " +"取代) 将被逐步移除 (还包括 :mod:`importlib` 中的其他类和方法)。 :exc:`ImportWarning` 和/或 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 将相应地被引发以帮助在过渡期间识别需要更新的代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1636 +msgid "" +"The entire ``distutils`` namespace is deprecated, to be removed in Python " +"3.12. Refer to the :ref:`module changes ` section for " +"more information." +msgstr "" +"整个 ``distutils`` 命名空间已被弃用，并将在 Python 3.12 中被移除。 请参阅 :ref:`模块的变化 ` 一节了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1640 +msgid "" +"Non-integer arguments to :func:`random.randrange` are deprecated. The " +":exc:`ValueError` is deprecated in favor of a :exc:`TypeError`. (Contributed" +" by Serhiy Storchaka and Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`37319`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`random.randrange` 的非整数参数已被弃用。 :exc:`ValueError` 已被弃用而应改用 " +":exc:`TypeError`。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Raymond Hettinger 贡献于 :issue:`37319` " +"）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1644 +msgid "" +"The various ``load_module()`` methods of :mod:`importlib` have been " +"documented as deprecated since Python 3.6, but will now also trigger a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Use :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` " +"instead. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`26131`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`importlib` 的各种 ``load_module()`` 方法自 Python 3.6 起就已被记录为弃用，现在还会触发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。请改用 :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`。（由 " +"Brett Cannon 贡献于 :issue:`26131` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1650 +msgid "" +":meth:`!zimport.zipimporter.load_module` has been deprecated in preference " +"for :meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`. (Contributed by Brett Cannon" +" in :issue:`26131`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!zimport.zipimporter.load_module` 已被弃用而应改用 " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`26131`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1654 +msgid "" +"The use of :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` by the import system " +"now triggers an :exc:`ImportWarning` as " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` is preferred. (Contributed by " +"Brett Cannon in :issue:`26131`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在导入时使用 :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` 会引发 :exc:`ImportWarning` " +"，应改用 :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`。 （由 Brett Cannon 贡献于 " +":issue:`26131` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1659 +msgid "" +"The use of :meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` and " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_module` by the import system now " +"trigger an :exc:`ImportWarning` as " +":meth:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` and " +":meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` are preferred, respectively." +" You can use :func:`importlib.util.spec_from_loader` to help in porting. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`42134`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在导入系统使用 :meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` 和 " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_module` 会触发 :exc:`ImportWarning` " +"因而建议分别改用 :meth:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 和 " +":meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec`。 你可以使用 " +":func:`importlib.util.spec_from_loader` 来协助移植。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`42134` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1668 +msgid "" +"The use of :meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader` by the import " +"system now triggers an :exc:`ImportWarning` as " +":meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` is preferred. You can use " +":func:`importlib.util.spec_from_loader` to help in porting. (Contributed by " +"Brett Cannon in :issue:`43672`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在导入系统使用 :meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader` 会触发 " +":exc:`ImportWarning` 因而建议改用 :meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec`。" +" 你可以使用 :func:`importlib.util.spec_from_loader` 来协助移植。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`43672` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1674 +msgid "" +"The various implementations of " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` ( " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` ), " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_module` ( " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_module` ), and " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader` ( " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_loader` ) now raise " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` and are slated for removal in Python 3.12 " +"(previously they were documented as deprecated in Python 3.4). (Contributed " +"by Brett Cannon in :issue:`42135`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` ( " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` ), " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_module` ( " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_module` ) 和 " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader` ( " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_loader` ) 的各个实现会引发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 并预定在 Python 3.12 中被移除（之前它们在 Python 3.4 中就被记录为已弃用）。" +" （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`42135` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1689 +msgid "" +":class:`!importlib.abc.Finder` is deprecated (including its sole method, " +":meth:`!find_module`). Both :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` and " +":class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` no longer inherit from the class. " +"Users should inherit from one of these two classes as appropriate instead. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`42135`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`!importlib.abc.Finder` 已被弃用 (包括它唯一的方法 :meth:`!find_module`)。 " +":class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` 和 " +":class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` 都不再继承该类。 用户应当改为继承这两个类中的一个。 （由 Brett " +"Cannon 在 :issue:`42135` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1696 +msgid "" +"The deprecations of :mod:`!imp`, :func:`!importlib.find_loader`, " +":func:`!importlib.util.set_package_wrapper`, " +":func:`!importlib.util.set_loader_wrapper`, " +":func:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader`, :class:`!pkgutil.ImpImporter`, " +"and :class:`!pkgutil.ImpLoader` have all been updated to list Python 3.12 as" +" the slated version of removal (they began raising :exc:`DeprecationWarning`" +" in previous versions of Python). (Contributed by Brett Cannon in " +":issue:`43720`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!imp`, :func:`!importlib.find_loader`, " +":func:`!importlib.util.set_package_wrapper`, " +":func:`!importlib.util.set_loader_wrapper`, " +":func:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader`, :class:`!pkgutil.ImpImporter` 和 " +":class:`!pkgutil.ImpLoader` 的弃用状态已被更新以将 Python 3.12 列为预定要移除它们的版本 (它们在之前的 " +"Python 版本中已开始引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`)。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`43720`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1706 +msgid "" +"The import system now uses the ``__spec__`` attribute on modules before " +"falling back on :meth:`!module_repr` for a module's ``__repr__()`` method. " +"Removal of the use of ``module_repr()`` is scheduled for Python 3.12. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`42137`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在导入系统会先使用模块上的 ``__spec__`` 属性再回退到 :meth:`!module_repr` 来使用模块的 " +"``__repr__()`` 方法。 对 ``module_repr()`` 的使用预定在 Python 3.12 中移除。 （由 Brett " +"Cannon 在 :issue:`42137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1712 +msgid "" +":meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenLoader.module_repr`, and " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinLoader.module_repr` are deprecated and " +"slated for removal in Python 3.12. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in " +":issue:`42136`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr`, " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenLoader.module_repr` 和 " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinLoader.module_repr` 已被弃用并预定在 Python 3.12 " +"中移除。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`42136` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1718 +msgid "" +"``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode`` has been undocumented and obsolete since Python" +" 3.3, when it was made an alias to :class:`str`. It is now deprecated, " +"scheduled for removal in Python 3.12. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":issue:`42264`.)" +msgstr "" +"``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode`` 自 Python 3.3 起就被移出文档并设为过时，当时它是被设为 :class:`str` " +"的别名。 现在它已被弃用，预定在 Python 3.12 中移除。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`42264` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1723 +msgid "" +"The undocumented built-in function ``sqlite3.enable_shared_cache`` is now " +"deprecated, scheduled for removal in Python 3.12. Its use is strongly " +"discouraged by the SQLite3 documentation. See `the SQLite3 docs " +"`_ for more details. If a" +" shared cache must be used, open the database in URI mode using the " +"``cache=shared`` query parameter. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":issue:`24464`.)" +msgstr "" +"未记入文档的内置函数 ``sqlite3.enable_shared_cache`` 现在已被弃用，预定在 Python 3.12 中移除。 " +"SQLite3 强烈不建议使用它。 请参阅 `SQLite3 文档 " +"`_ 了解详情。 " +"如果必须要使用共享缓冲区，请使用 ``cache=shared`` 查询参数来以 URI 模式打开数据库。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在" +" :issue:`24464` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1731 +msgid "The following ``threading`` methods are now deprecated:" +msgstr "以下 ``threading`` 方法已被弃用:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1733 +msgid "``threading.currentThread`` => :func:`threading.current_thread`" +msgstr "``threading.currentThread`` => :func:`threading.current_thread`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1735 +msgid "``threading.activeCount`` => :func:`threading.active_count`" +msgstr "``threading.activeCount`` => :func:`threading.active_count`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1737 +msgid "" +"``threading.Condition.notifyAll`` => :meth:`threading.Condition.notify_all`" +msgstr "" +"``threading.Condition.notifyAll`` => :meth:`threading.Condition.notify_all`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1740 +msgid "``threading.Event.isSet`` => :meth:`threading.Event.is_set`" +msgstr "``threading.Event.isSet`` => :meth:`threading.Event.is_set`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1742 +msgid "``threading.Thread.setName`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.name`" +msgstr "``threading.Thread.setName`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.name`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1744 +msgid "``threading.thread.getName`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.name`" +msgstr "``threading.thread.getName`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.name`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1746 +msgid "``threading.Thread.isDaemon`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon`" +msgstr "``threading.Thread.isDaemon`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1748 +msgid "``threading.Thread.setDaemon`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon`" +msgstr "``threading.Thread.setDaemon`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1750 +msgid "(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`87889`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`87889` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1752 +msgid "" +":meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to` is deprecated and slated for removal in Python" +" 3.12. Use :meth:`pathlib.Path.hardlink_to` instead. (Contributed by Barney " +"Gale in :issue:`39950`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to` 已被弃用并预定在 Python 3.12 中移除。 请改用 " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.hardlink_to`。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :issue:`39950` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1756 +msgid "" +"``cgi.log()`` is deprecated and slated for removal in Python 3.12. " +"(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41139`.)" +msgstr "" +"``cgi.log()`` 已被弃用并预定在 Python 3.12 中移除。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`41139` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1759 +msgid "" +"The following :mod:`ssl` features have been deprecated since Python 3.6, " +"Python 3.7, or OpenSSL 1.1.0 and will be removed in 3.11:" +msgstr "" +"以下 :mod:`ssl` 特性自 Python 3.6, Python 3.7 或 OpenSSL 1.1.0 起已被弃用并将在 3.11 中移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1762 +msgid "" +":data:`!OP_NO_SSLv2`, :data:`!OP_NO_SSLv3`, :data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1`, " +":data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1_1`, :data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1_2`, and :data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1_3` " +"are replaced by :attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.minimum_version` and " +":attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.maximum_version`." +msgstr "" +":data:`!OP_NO_SSLv2`, :data:`!OP_NO_SSLv3`, :data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1`, " +":data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1_1`, :data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1_2` 和:data:`!OP_NO_TLSv1_3` 被 " +":attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.minimum_version` 和 " +":attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.maximum_version` 代替。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1768 +msgid "" +":data:`!PROTOCOL_SSLv2`, :data:`!PROTOCOL_SSLv3`, :data:`!PROTOCOL_SSLv23`, " +":data:`!PROTOCOL_TLSv1`, :data:`!PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1`, " +":data:`!PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2`, and :const:`!PROTOCOL_TLS` are deprecated in " +"favor of :const:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` and " +":const:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`" +msgstr "" +":data:`!PROTOCOL_SSLv2`, :data:`!PROTOCOL_SSLv3`, :data:`!PROTOCOL_SSLv23`, " +":data:`!PROTOCOL_TLSv1`, :data:`!PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1`, " +":data:`!PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2` 和 :const:`!PROTOCOL_TLS` 已被弃用而应改用 " +":const:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` 和 :const:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1774 +msgid ":func:`!wrap_socket` is replaced by :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket`" +msgstr ":func:`!wrap_socket` 被 :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` 代替" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1776 +msgid ":func:`!match_hostname`" +msgstr ":func:`!match_hostname`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1778 +msgid ":func:`!RAND_pseudo_bytes`, :func:`!RAND_egd`" +msgstr ":func:`!RAND_pseudo_bytes`, :func:`!RAND_egd`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"NPN features like :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` and " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` are replaced by ALPN." +msgstr "" +"NPN 特性如 :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` 和 " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` 会被 ALPN 代替。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1783 +msgid "" +"The threading debug (:envvar:`!PYTHONTHREADDEBUG` environment variable) is " +"deprecated in Python 3.10 and will be removed in Python 3.12. This feature " +"requires a :ref:`debug build of Python `. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`44584`.)" +msgstr "" +"线程调试 (:envvar:`!PYTHONTHREADDEBUG` 环境变量) 在 Python 3.10 中已被弃用并将在 Python 3.12 " +"中移除。 此特性需要 :ref:`Python 的调试编译版 `。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`44584` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1788 +msgid "" +"Importing from the ``typing.io`` and ``typing.re`` submodules will now emit " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. These submodules will be removed in a future " +"version of Python. Anything belonging to these submodules should be " +"imported directly from :mod:`typing` instead. (Contributed by Sebastian " +"Rittau in :issue:`38291`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 ``typing.io`` 和 ``typing.re`` 子模块导入现在将发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 " +"这些子模块将在未来的 Python 版本中被移除。 任何属于这些子模块的东西都应当改为直接从 :mod:`typing` 导入。 （由 " +"Sebastian Rittau 在 :issue:`38291` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1797 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2220 +msgid "Removed" +msgstr "移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"Removed special methods ``__int__``, ``__float__``, ``__floordiv__``, " +"``__mod__``, ``__divmod__``, ``__rfloordiv__``, ``__rmod__`` and " +"``__rdivmod__`` of the :class:`complex` class. They always raised a " +":exc:`TypeError`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`41974`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :class:`complex` 类的特殊方法 ``__int__``, ``__float__``, ``__floordiv__``, " +"``__mod__``, ``__divmod__``, ``__rfloordiv__``, ``__rmod__`` 和 " +"``__rdivmod__``。 它们总是会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`41974` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"The ``ParserBase.error()`` method from the private and undocumented " +"``_markupbase`` module has been removed. :class:`html.parser.HTMLParser` is" +" the only subclass of ``ParserBase`` and its ``error()`` implementation was " +"already removed in Python 3.5. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in " +":issue:`31844`.)" +msgstr "" +"``ParserBase.error()`` 方法（来自私有且未记入文档的 ``_markupbase`` 模块）已被移除。 " +":class:`html.parser.HTMLParser` 是 ``ParserBase`` 的唯一子类并且它的 ``error()`` 实现在 " +"Python 3.5 中已被移除。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`31844` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1811 +msgid "" +"Removed the ``unicodedata.ucnhash_CAPI`` attribute which was an internal " +"PyCapsule object. The related private ``_PyUnicode_Name_CAPI`` structure was" +" moved to the internal C API. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`42157`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``unicodedata.ucnhash_CAPI`` 属性，它是一个内部 PyCapsule 对象。 相关联的私有 " +"``_PyUnicode_Name_CAPI`` 结构体已被移至内部 C API。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`42157`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1816 +msgid "" +"Removed the ``parser`` module, which was deprecated in 3.9 due to the switch" +" to the new PEG parser, as well as all the C source and header files that " +"were only being used by the old parser, including ``node.h``, ``parser.h``, " +"``graminit.h`` and ``grammar.h``." +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``parser`` 模块，它在 3.9 中由于切换到新的 PEG 解析器而与仅被旧解析器所使用的 C 源文件和头文件一起被弃用，包括 " +"``node.h``, ``parser.h``, ``graminit.h`` 和 ``grammar.h``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1821 +msgid "" +"Removed the Public C API functions ``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags``, " +"``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename``, " +"``PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags`` and ``PyNode_Compile`` that were " +"deprecated in 3.9 due to the switch to the new PEG parser." +msgstr "" +"移除了公有 C API 函数 ``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags``, " +"``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename``, " +"``PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags`` 和 ``PyNode_Compile``，它们在 3.9 中由于切换到新的 PEG " +"解析器而被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1826 +msgid "" +"Removed the ``formatter`` module, which was deprecated in Python 3.4. It is " +"somewhat obsolete, little used, and not tested. It was originally scheduled " +"to be removed in Python 3.6, but such removals were delayed until after " +"Python 2.7 EOL. Existing users should copy whatever classes they use into " +"their code. (Contributed by Donghee Na and Terry J. Reedy in " +":issue:`42299`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``formatter`` 模块，它在 Python 3.4 中已被弃用。 它相当过时、极少被使用，并且未经测试。 它最初计划在 Python " +"3.6 中移除，但此移除被延迟到 Python 2.7 生命期结束之后。 现有用户应当将它们用到的所有类都拷贝到自己的代码中。 （由 Donghee " +"Na 和 Terry J. Reedy 在 :issue:`42299` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1833 +msgid "" +"Removed the :c:func:`!PyModule_GetWarningsModule` function that was useless " +"now due to the :mod:`!_warnings` module was converted to a builtin module in" +" 2.6. (Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`42599`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :c:func:`!PyModule_GetWarningsModule` 函数，现在被由于 :mod:`!_warnings` 模块在 2.6" +" 中被转换为内置模块而变得没有用处。 （由 Hai Shi 在 :issue:`42599` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1837 +msgid "" +"Remove deprecated aliases to :ref:`collections-abstract-base-classes` from " +"the :mod:`collections` module. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`37324`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 :mod:`collections` 模块中移除了已被弃用的 :ref:`collections-abstract-base-classes` " +"的别名。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37324` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1841 +msgid "" +"The ``loop`` parameter has been removed from most of :mod:`asyncio`\\ 's " +":doc:`high-level API <../library/asyncio-api-index>` following deprecation " +"in Python 3.8. The motivation behind this change is multifold:" +msgstr "" +"``loop`` 形参已从大部分 :mod:`asyncio` 的 :doc:`高层级 API <../library/asyncio-api-" +"index>` 中被移除，之前它们在 Python 3.8 中已被弃用。 这一改变的动机是多方面的:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1845 +msgid "This simplifies the high-level API." +msgstr "这简化了高层级 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1846 +msgid "" +"The functions in the high-level API have been implicitly getting the current" +" thread's running event loop since Python 3.7. There isn't a need to pass " +"the event loop to the API in most normal use cases." +msgstr "" +"高层级 API 中的这些函数自 Python 3.7 起已经会隐式地获取当前线程正在运行的事件循环。 在大多数正常使用场景中都没有必要向 API " +"传入事件循环。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1849 +msgid "" +"Event loop passing is error-prone especially when dealing with loops running" +" in different threads." +msgstr "在处理不同线程中运行的事件循环时传递事件循环特别容易产生错误。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1852 +msgid "" +"Note that the low-level API will still accept ``loop``. See :ref:`changes-" +"python-api` for examples of how to replace existing code." +msgstr "" +"请注意低层级 API 仍将接受 ``loop``。 请参阅 :ref:`changes-python-api` 来获取有关如何替换现有代码的示例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1855 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1927 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Yurii Karabas, Andrew Svetlov, Yury Selivanov and Kyle " +"Stanley in :issue:`42392`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Yurii Karabas, Andrew Svetlov, Yury Selivanov 和 Kyle Stanley 在 " +":issue:`42392` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1860 ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2147 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.10" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.10" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1867 +msgid "Changes in the Python syntax" +msgstr "Python 语法中的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1869 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warning is now emitted when compiling previously valid syntax if" +" the numeric literal is immediately followed by a keyword (like in ``0in " +"x``). In future releases it will be changed to syntax warning, and finally " +"to a syntax error. To get rid of the warning and make the code compatible " +"with future releases just add a space between the numeric literal and the " +"following keyword. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`43833`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当编译之前有效的语法时如果数字类字面值后面紧跟一个关键字（如在 ``0in x`` 中）则会发出弃用警告。 " +"在未来的版本中它将被改为语法警告，最终会改为语法错误。 要避免警告并使代码与未来的版本保持兼容只需在数字和后面的关键字之间添加一个空格。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`43833` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1880 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1882 +msgid "" +"The *etype* parameters of the :func:`~traceback.format_exception`, " +":func:`~traceback.format_exception_only`, and " +":func:`~traceback.print_exception` functions in the :mod:`traceback` module " +"have been renamed to *exc*. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz and Matthias " +"Bussonnier in :issue:`26389`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`traceback` 模块中的 :func:`~traceback.format_exception` 、 " +":func:`~traceback.format_exception_only` 和 " +":func:`~traceback.print_exception` 函数的 *etype* 参数已更名为 *exc* 。（由 Zackery " +"Spytz 和 Matthias Bussonnier 贡献于 :issue:`26389` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1888 +msgid "" +":mod:`atexit`: At Python exit, if a callback registered with " +":func:`atexit.register` fails, its exception is now logged. Previously, only" +" some exceptions were logged, and the last exception was always silently " +"ignored. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`42639`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`atexit` ： 在 Python 退出时，若用 :func:`atexit.register` " +"注册的回调失败，现在会记录其异常。以前，只有部分异常被记录，最后一个异常总是被静默忽略。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 " +":issue:`42639` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1894 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` generic now flattens type parameters, " +"similar to what :data:`typing.Callable` currently does. This means that " +"``collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], str]`` will have ``__args__`` of " +"``(int, str, str)``; previously this was ``([int, str], str)``. Code which " +"accesses the arguments via :func:`typing.get_args` or ``__args__`` need to " +"account for this change. Furthermore, :exc:`TypeError` may be raised for " +"invalid forms of parameterizing :class:`collections.abc.Callable` which may " +"have passed silently in Python 3.9. (Contributed by Ken Jin in " +":issue:`42195`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，泛型 :class:`collections.abc.Callable` 的类型参数扁平化了，类似于 " +":data:`typing.Callable` 目前的做法。这意味着 ``collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], " +"str]`` 的 ``__args__`` 将为 ``(int, str, str)``；而以前是 ``([int, str], str)``。 通过 " +":func:`typing.get_args` 或 ``__args__`` 访问参数的代码需要考虑到这一变化。此外，为 " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` 给出无效参数可能会引发 :exc:`TypeError` ，而在 Python " +"3.9 中则可能会静默传入。（由 Ken Jin 贡献于 :issue:`42195`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1904 +msgid "" +":meth:`socket.htons` and :meth:`socket.ntohs` now raise :exc:`OverflowError`" +" instead of :exc:`DeprecationWarning` if the given parameter will not fit in" +" a 16-bit unsigned integer. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":issue:`42393`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，如果给定的形参不是 16 位无符号整数， :meth:`socket.htons` 和 :meth:`socket.ntohs` 会引发 " +":exc:`OverflowError` 而非 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 " +":issue:`42393` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1909 +msgid "" +"The ``loop`` parameter has been removed from most of :mod:`asyncio`\\ 's " +":doc:`high-level API <../library/asyncio-api-index>` following deprecation " +"in Python 3.8." +msgstr "" +" ``loop`` 形参已从大部分 :mod:`asyncio` 的 :doc:`高层级 API <../library/asyncio-api-" +"index>` 中被移除，之前它们在 Python 3.8 中已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1913 +msgid "A coroutine that currently looks like this::" +msgstr "现在如下协程：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1915 +msgid "" +"async def foo(loop):\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1, loop=loop)" +msgstr "" +"async def foo(loop):\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1, loop=loop)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1918 +msgid "Should be replaced with this::" +msgstr "应替换为：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1920 +msgid "" +"async def foo():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)" +msgstr "" +"async def foo():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1923 +msgid "" +"If ``foo()`` was specifically designed *not* to run in the current thread's " +"running event loop (e.g. running in another thread's event loop), consider " +"using :func:`asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` instead." +msgstr "" +"如果 ``foo()`` 被特别设计成 *不* 运行于当前线程的运行事件循环中（比如运行在另一个线程的事件循环中），请考虑使用 " +":func:`asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` 来代替。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"The :data:`types.FunctionType` constructor now inherits the current builtins" +" if the *globals* dictionary has no ``\"__builtins__\"`` key, rather than " +"using ``{\"None\": None}`` as builtins: same behavior as :func:`eval` and " +":func:`exec` functions. Defining a function with ``def function(...): ...``" +" in Python is not affected, globals cannot be overridden with this syntax: " +"it also inherits the current builtins. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`42990`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *globals* 字典中没有 ``\"__builtins__\"`` 键，那么 :data:`types.FunctionType` " +"构造器现在将继承当前值，而不是用 ``{\"None\": None}``，这与 :func:`eval` 和 :func:`exec` 函数一致。 " +"利用 ``def function(...): ...`` 定义一个 Python 函数则不受影响，globals " +"无法被这种语法覆盖：它也是继承了当前值。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`42990` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1939 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1941 +msgid "" +"The C API functions ``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags``, " +"``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename``, " +"``PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags``, ``PyNode_Compile`` and the type used by " +"these functions, ``struct _node``, were removed due to the switch to the new" +" PEG parser." +msgstr "" +"由于换成了新的 PEG 解析程序，C 语言 API 函数 ``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags`` " +"、``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename`` " +"、``PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags`` 、``PyNode_Compile`` 以及这些函数用到的类型 ``struct " +"_node`` 已被删除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1947 +msgid "" +"Source should be now be compiled directly to a code object using, for " +"example, :c:func:`Py_CompileString`. The resulting code object can then be " +"evaluated using, for example, :c:func:`PyEval_EvalCode`." +msgstr "" +"现在应该用 :c:func:`Py_CompileString` 将源代码直接编译为代码对象。然后可以用 " +":c:func:`PyEval_EvalCode` 之类的东西来对其求值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1951 +msgid "Specifically:" +msgstr "特别地：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1953 +msgid "" +"A call to ``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags`` followed by ``PyNode_Compile``" +" can be replaced by calling :c:func:`Py_CompileString`." +msgstr "" +"先 ``PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags`` 再 ``PyNode_Compile`` 的调用，可以由 " +":c:func:`Py_CompileString` 代替。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1956 +msgid "" +"There is no direct replacement for ``PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags``. To " +"compile code from a ``FILE *`` argument, you will need to read the file in C" +" and pass the resulting buffer to :c:func:`Py_CompileString`." +msgstr "" +"``PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags`` 没有直接替代品。要从 ``FILE *`` 参数编译代码，需要先用 C " +"语言读取文件，然后将结果缓冲区传给 :c:func:`Py_CompileString`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1960 +msgid "" +"To compile a file given a ``char *`` filename, explicitly open the file, " +"read it and compile the result. One way to do this is using the :py:mod:`io`" +" module with :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`, :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`," +" :c:func:`PyBytes_AsString` and :c:func:`Py_CompileString`, as sketched " +"below. (Declarations and error handling are omitted.) ::" +msgstr "" +"要编译一个 ``char *`` 给定文件名的文件，先显式打开该文件，再读取并进行编译。一种方法是利用 :py:mod:`io` 模块的 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` 、 :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` 、 " +":c:func:`PyBytes_AsString` 和 :c:func:`Py_CompileString`，如下图所示。（省略了声明和错误处理部分）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1966 +msgid "" +"io_module = Import_ImportModule(\"io\");\n" +"fileobject = PyObject_CallMethod(io_module, \"open\", \"ss\", filename, \"rb\");\n" +"source_bytes_object = PyObject_CallMethod(fileobject, \"read\", \"\");\n" +"result = PyObject_CallMethod(fileobject, \"close\", \"\");\n" +"source_buf = PyBytes_AsString(source_bytes_object);\n" +"code = Py_CompileString(source_buf, filename, Py_file_input);" +msgstr "" +"io_module = Import_ImportModule(\"io\");\n" +"fileobject = PyObject_CallMethod(io_module, \"open\", \"ss\", filename, \"rb\");\n" +"source_bytes_object = PyObject_CallMethod(fileobject, \"read\", \"\");\n" +"result = PyObject_CallMethod(fileobject, \"close\", \"\");\n" +"source_buf = PyBytes_AsString(source_bytes_object);\n" +"code = Py_CompileString(source_buf, filename, Py_file_input);" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1973 +msgid "" +"For ``FrameObject`` objects, the :attr:`~frame.f_lasti` member now " +"represents a wordcode offset instead of a simple offset into the bytecode " +"string. This means that this number needs to be multiplied by 2 to be used " +"with APIs that expect a byte offset instead (like :c:func:`PyCode_Addr2Line`" +" for example). Notice as well that the :attr:`!f_lasti` member of " +"``FrameObject`` objects is not considered stable: please use " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` instead." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``FrameObject`` 对象，:attr:`~frame.f_lasti` 成员现在代表一个字代码偏移而不是相对字节码字符串的简单偏移。 " +"这意味着此数字需要乘以 2 才能被用于预期接受字节偏移的 API (例如 :c:func:`PyCode_Addr2Line`)。 还要注意 " +"``FrameObject`` 对象的 :attr:`!f_lasti` 成员已不被认为是稳定的：请改用 " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1981 +msgid "CPython bytecode changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1983 +msgid "" +"The ``MAKE_FUNCTION`` instruction now accepts either a dict or a tuple of " +"strings as the function's annotations. (Contributed by Yurii Karabas and " +"Inada Naoki in :issue:`42202`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``MAKE_FUNCTION`` 指令将接受一个字典或字符串元组作为函数的标注。 （由 Yurii Karabas 和 Inada Naoki " +"在 :issue:`42202` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1988 +msgid "Build Changes" +msgstr "编译版的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1990 +msgid "" +":pep:`644`: Python now requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer. OpenSSL 1.0.2 is no " +"longer supported. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`43669`.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`644` ：Python 现在要求 OpenSSL 1.1.1 以上版本。不再支持 OpenSSL 1.0.2。（由 Christian " +"Heimes 贡献于 :issue:`43669` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1994 +msgid "" +"The C99 functions :c:func:`snprintf` and :c:func:`vsnprintf` are now " +"required to build Python. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36020`.)" +msgstr "" +"编译 Python 现在需要用到 C99 函数 :c:func:`snprintf` 和 :c:func:`vsnprintf` 。(由 Victor " +"Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`36020` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:1998 +msgid "" +":mod:`sqlite3` requires SQLite 3.7.15 or higher. (Contributed by Sergey " +"Fedoseev and Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`40744` and :issue:`40810`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`sqlite3` 需要 SQLite 3.7.15 以上版本。（由 Sergey Fedoseev 和 Erlend E. Aasland " +"贡献于 :issue:`40744` 和 :issue:`40810` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`atexit` module must now always be built as a built-in module. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`42639`.)" +msgstr "现在， :mod:`atexit` 模块必须编译为内置模块。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`42639` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2004 +msgid "" +"Add :option:`--disable-test-modules` option to the ``configure`` script: " +"don't build nor install test modules. (Contributed by Xavier de Gaye, Thomas" +" Petazzoni and Peixing Xin in :issue:`27640`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 ``configure`` 脚本中加入 :option:`--disable-test-modules` 选项：不编译也不安装 test 模块。（由" +" Xavier de Gaye、Thomas Petazzoni 和 Peixing Xin 贡献于 :issue:`27640`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"Add :option:`--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH option <--with-wheel-pkg-dir>` to the" +" ``./configure`` script. If specified, the :mod:`ensurepip` module looks for" +" ``setuptools`` and ``pip`` wheel packages in this directory: if both are " +"present, these wheel packages are used instead of ensurepip bundled wheel " +"packages." +msgstr "" +"在 ``./configure`` 脚本中加入 :option:`--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH 选项 <--with-wheel-" +"pkg-dir>`。如果指定了该选项， :mod:`ensurepip` 模块会在该目录下查找 ``setuptools`` 和 ``pip`` " +"包：如果两者都存在，就会使用这些包，而不是surepip 绑定的包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2014 +msgid "" +"Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundling " +"dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the " +"``/usr/share/python-wheels/`` directory and don't install the " +"``ensurepip._bundled`` package." +msgstr "" +"某些 Linux 发行版的打包策略建议不要绑定依赖关系。比如 Fedora 在 ``/usr/share/python-wheels/`` 目录下安装 " +"wheel 包，而不安装 ``ensurepip._bundled`` 包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2019 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`42856`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`42856`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2021 +msgid "" +"Add a new :option:`configure --without-static-libpython option <--without-" +"static-libpython>` to not build the ``libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a`` static " +"library and not install the ``python.o`` object file." +msgstr "" +"增加了新的 :option:`configure --without-static-libpython 选项 <--without-static-" +"libpython>` ，用于标明不编译 ``libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a`` 静态库并且不安装 ``python.o`` 对象文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2025 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`43103`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`43103` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2027 +msgid "" +"The ``configure`` script now uses the ``pkg-config`` utility, if available, " +"to detect the location of Tcl/Tk headers and libraries. As before, those " +"locations can be explicitly specified with the ``--with-tcltk-includes`` and" +" ``--with-tcltk-libs`` configuration options. (Contributed by Manolis " +"Stamatogiannakis in :issue:`42603`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``configure`` 脚本会在可能的情况下使用 ``pkg-config`` 工具来检测 Tcl/Tk 头文件和库的位置。 " +"在此之前，这些位置可通过 ``--with-tcltk-includes`` 和 ``--with-tcltk-libs`` 配置选项来显式地指明。 " +"（由 Manolis Stamatogiannakis 在 :issue:`42603` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2033 +msgid "" +"Add :option:`--with-openssl-rpath` option to ``configure`` script. The " +"option simplifies building Python with a custom OpenSSL installation, e.g. " +"``./configure --with-openssl=/path/to/openssl --with-openssl-rpath=auto``. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`43466`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 ``configure`` 脚本加入 :option:`--with-openssl-rpath` 选项。该选项简化了用定制版本 OpenSSL " +"编译 Python 的过程，例如 ``./configure --with-openssl=/path/to/openssl --with-" +"openssl-rpath=auto``。（由 Christian Heimes 贡献于 :issue:`43466` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2040 +msgid "C API Changes" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2043 +msgid "PEP 652: Maintaining the Stable ABI" +msgstr "PEP 652：稳定版 ABI 的维护" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2045 +msgid "" +"The Stable ABI (Application Binary Interface) for extension modules or " +"embedding Python is now explicitly defined. :ref:`stable` describes C API " +"and ABI stability guarantees along with best practices for using the Stable " +"ABI." +msgstr "" +"现在，用于扩展模块或嵌入 Python 的稳定版 ABI （应用程序二进制接口）已有显式的定义。 :ref:`stable` 描述了 C API 和 " +"ABI 稳定性保证和稳定版 ABI 的最佳实践。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2050 +msgid "(Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :pep:`652` and :issue:`43795`.)" +msgstr "（由 Petr Viktorin 在 :pep:`652` 和 :issue:`43795` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2055 +msgid "" +"The result of :c:func:`PyNumber_Index` now always has exact type " +":class:`int`. Previously, the result could have been an instance of a " +"subclass of ``int``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`40792`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyNumber_Index` 的结果一定是 :class:`int` 类型。此前可能是 ``int`` 的子类实例。（由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 贡献于 :issue:`40792` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2059 +msgid "" +"Add a new :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` member to the :c:type:`PyConfig` " +"structure: the list of the original command line arguments passed to the " +"Python executable. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23427`.)" +msgstr "" +" :c:type:`PyConfig` 结构体中加入了新成员 :c:member:`~PyConfig.orig_argv` ：即一开始传给 " +"Python 可执行文件的命令行参数列表。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`23427` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2064 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyDateTime_DATE_GET_TZINFO` and " +":c:func:`PyDateTime_TIME_GET_TZINFO` macros have been added for accessing " +"the ``tzinfo`` attributes of :class:`datetime.datetime` and " +":class:`datetime.time` objects. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in " +":issue:`30155`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入宏 :c:func:`PyDateTime_DATE_GET_TZINFO` 和 " +":c:func:`PyDateTime_TIME_GET_TZINFO` ，用于访问 :class:`datetime.datetime` 和 " +":class:`datetime.time` 对象的 ``tzinfo`` 属性。 （由 Zackery Spytz 贡献于 " +":issue:`30155` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2070 +msgid "" +"Add a :c:func:`PyCodec_Unregister` function to unregister a codec search " +"function. (Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`41842`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :c:func:`PyCodec_Unregister` 函数，用于注销编解码器检索函数。（由 Hai Shi 贡献于 " +":issue:`41842` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2074 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyIter_Send` function was added to allow sending value into " +"iterator without raising ``StopIteration`` exception. (Contributed by " +"Vladimir Matveev in :issue:`41756`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :c:func:`PyIter_Send` 函数，可不触发 ``StopIteration`` 异常地向迭代器发送数据。（由 Vladimir " +"Matveev 贡献于 :issue:`41756` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2078 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` to the limited C API. (Contributed by " +"Alex Gaynor in :issue:`41784`.)" +msgstr "" +"受限 C API 中加入了 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` 。（由 Alex Gaynor 贡献于 " +":issue:`41784` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2081 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` function: similar to " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` but don't steal a reference to the value on " +"success. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`1635741`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` 函数：类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` " +"但在成功后不会偷取参数对象的引用计数。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`1635741` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2086 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`Py_NewRef` and :c:func:`Py_XNewRef` functions to increment the " +"reference count of an object and return the object. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`42262`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :c:func:`Py_NewRef` 和 :c:func:`Py_XNewRef` 函数，用于递增指定对象的引用计数并返回该对象。（由 " +"Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`42262` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2090 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` and " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` functions now accept a single class as " +"the *bases* argument. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`42423`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在， :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` 和 :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` " +"函数可接受一个类作为 *bases* 参数。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 贡献于 :issue:`42423` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2094 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` function now accepts NULL ``tp_doc`` " +"slot. (Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`41832`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 函数现在接受 NULL ``tp_doc`` 槽位。 （由 Hai Shi 在 " +":issue:`41832` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2098 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` function can accept :ref:`static types `. (Contributed by Hai Shi and Petr Viktorin in :issue:`41073`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` 函数现在可以接受 :ref:`静态类型 `。 （由 Hai Shi 和 " +"Petr Viktorin 在 :issue:`41073` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2102 +msgid "" +"Add a new :c:func:`PySet_CheckExact` function to the C-API to check if an " +"object is an instance of :class:`set` but not an instance of a subtype. " +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`43277`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :c:func:`PySet_CheckExact` 函数到 C-API 用于检查一个对象是否是 :class:`set` " +"的实例但不是其子类型的实例。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`43277` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2106 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyErr_SetInterruptEx` which allows passing a signal number to " +"simulate. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`43356`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyErr_SetInterruptEx`，它允许传入一个信号序号用于进行模拟。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`43356` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2110 +msgid "" +"The limited C API is now supported if :ref:`Python is built in debug mode " +"` (if the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro is defined). In the limited C API," +" the :c:func:`Py_INCREF` and :c:func:`Py_DECREF` functions are now " +"implemented as opaque function calls, rather than accessing directly the " +":c:member:`PyObject.ob_refcnt` member, if Python is built in debug mode and " +"the ``Py_LIMITED_API`` macro targets Python 3.10 or newer. It became " +"possible to support the limited C API in debug mode because the " +":c:type:`PyObject` structure is the same in release and debug mode since " +"Python 3.8 (see :issue:`36465`)." +msgstr "" +"现在，:ref:`Python 以调试模式编译 ` 时也支持受限 C API 的使用了（需先定义 ``Py_DEBUG`` " +"宏）。在受限 C API 中，如果 Python 是以调试模式编译的，且 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 宏以 Python 3.10 " +"以上版本为目标，那么现在 :c:func:`Py_INCREF` 和 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` 函数实现为非透明的函数调用，而非直接访问 " +":c:member:`PyObject.ob_refcnt` 成员。在调试模式下支持受限 C API 成为可能，是因为自 Python 3.8 起 " +":c:type:`PyObject` 结构体在发布模式和调试模式下是相同的（参见 :issue:`36465` ）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2120 +msgid "" +"The limited C API is still not supported in the :option:`--with-trace-refs` " +"special build (``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`43688`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :option:`--with-trace-refs` 特殊编译方式下（``Py_TRACE_REFS`` 宏），仍不支持使用受限 C API " +"。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`43688` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`Py_Is(x, y) ` function to test if the *x* object is " +"the *y* object, the same as ``x is y`` in Python. Add also the " +":c:func:`Py_IsNone`, :c:func:`Py_IsTrue`, :c:func:`Py_IsFalse` functions to " +"test if an object is, respectively, the ``None`` singleton, the ``True`` " +"singleton or the ``False`` singleton. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`43753`.)" +msgstr "" +"加入 :c:func:`Py_Is(x, y) ` 函数，用于测试 *x* 对象是否是 *y* 对象，等价于 Python 中的 ``x " +"is y``。还加入了 :c:func:`Py_IsNone` 、 :c:func:`Py_IsTrue` 、 :c:func:`Py_IsFalse`" +" 函数，分别用于测试某对象是否为 ``None`` 单例、``True`` 单例或 ``False`` 单例。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于" +" :issue:`43753` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2131 +msgid "" +"Add new functions to control the garbage collector from C code: " +":c:func:`PyGC_Enable()`, :c:func:`PyGC_Disable()`, " +":c:func:`PyGC_IsEnabled()`. These functions allow to activate, deactivate " +"and query the state of the garbage collector from C code without having to " +"import the :mod:`gc` module." +msgstr "" +"新增由 C 代码控制垃圾回收器的函数: :c:func:`PyGC_Enable()`, 、:c:func:`PyGC_Disable()` 、 " +":c:func:`PyGC_IsEnabled()`。这些函数允许从 C 代码激活、停止和查询垃圾回收器的状态，而不必导入 :mod:`gc` 模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2138 +msgid "" +"Add a new :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` type flag to disallow" +" creating type instances. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`43916`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` 类型旗标用于禁止创建类型实例。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`43916` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2142 +msgid "" +"Add a new :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` type flag for creating " +"immutable type objects: type attributes cannot be set nor deleted. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner and Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`43908`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` 类型旗标用于创建不可变类型对象：类型的属性不可被设置或删除。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 和 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`43908` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2149 +msgid "" +"The ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` macro must now be defined to use " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` and :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` formats which use " +"``#``: ``es#``, ``et#``, ``s#``, ``u#``, ``y#``, ``z#``, ``U#`` and ``Z#``. " +"See :ref:`arg-parsing` and :pep:`353`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`40943`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在必须定义 ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` 宏才能使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_BuildValue` 格式，这些格式会使用 ``#``: ``es#``, ``et#``, ``s#``, ``u#``, " +"``y#``, ``z#``, ``U#`` 和 ``Z#``。 参见 :ref:`arg-parsing` 和 :pep:`353`。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`40943` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2155 +msgid "" +"Since :c:func:`Py_REFCNT()` is changed to the inline static function, " +"``Py_REFCNT(obj) = new_refcnt`` must be replaced with ``Py_SET_REFCNT(obj, " +"new_refcnt)``: see :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` (available since Python 3.9). " +"For backward compatibility, this macro can be used::" +msgstr "" +"由于 :c:func:`Py_REFCNT()` 已改为内联静态函数，``Py_REFCNT(obj) = new_refcnt`` 必须换成 " +"``Py_SET_REFCNT(obj, new_refcnt)``: 参见 :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT()` （自 Python " +"3.9 起提供）。为保持向下兼容，可用此宏：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2160 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4\n" +"# define Py_SET_REFCNT(obj, refcnt) ((Py_REFCNT(obj) = (refcnt)), (void)0)\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4\n" +"# define Py_SET_REFCNT(obj, refcnt) ((Py_REFCNT(obj) = (refcnt)), (void)0)\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2164 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39573`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39573` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2166 +msgid "" +"Calling :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` without :term:`GIL` held had been allowed " +"for historical reason. It is no longer allowed. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`40839`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于历史原因，曾经允许调用 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` 时不带 :term:`GIL` 。 现在则不行了。（由 Victor " +"Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`40839` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"``PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, size)`` and " +"``PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)`` raise ``DeprecationWarning`` " +"now. Use :c:func:`PyUnicode_New` to allocate Unicode object without initial" +" data. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`36346`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在， ``PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, size)`` 和 " +"``PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)`` 会引发 ``DeprecationWarning``。 请利用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_New` 获得不带初始数据的 Unicode 对象。（由 Inada Naoki 贡献于 " +":issue:`36346` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2175 +msgid "" +"The private ``_PyUnicode_Name_CAPI`` structure of the PyCapsule API " +"``unicodedata.ucnhash_CAPI`` has been moved to the internal C API. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`42157`.)" +msgstr "" +"私有结构体 ``_PyUnicode_Name_CAPI`` （PyCapsule API ``unicodedata.ucnhash_CAPI`` " +"）已被移入内部 C API。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`42157` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2179 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome` and " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName` functions now return ``NULL`` if called before " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` (before Python is initialized). Use the new " +":ref:`init-config` API to get the :ref:`init-path-config`. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`42260`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`Py_GetPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`," +" :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome` 和 " +":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName` 函数如果在 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前（在 Python " +"被初始化之前）被调用将返回 ``NULL``。 请使用新的 :ref:`init-config` API 来获取 :ref:`init-path-" +"config`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`42260` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2186 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM`, :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` and " +":c:func:`PyCell_SET` macros can no longer be used as l-value or r-value. For" +" example, ``x = PyList_SET_ITEM(a, b, c)`` and ``PyList_SET_ITEM(a, b, c) = " +"x`` now fail with a compiler error. It prevents bugs like ``if " +"(PyList_SET_ITEM (a, b, c) < 0) ...`` test. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz " +"and Victor Stinner in :issue:`30459`.)" +msgstr "" +"宏 :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM` 、 :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` 和 " +":c:func:`PyCell_SET` 不可再用作左值或右值。例如，现在 ``x = PyList_SET_ITEM(a, b, c)`` 和 " +"``PyList_SET_ITEM(a, b, c) = x`` 会失败并提示编译器错误。 这可以防止 ``if (PyList_SET_ITEM " +"(a, b, c) < 0) ...`` 之类的检测发生问题。（由 Zackery Spytz 和 Victor Stinner 贡献于 " +":issue:`30459` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2193 +msgid "" +"The non-limited API files ``odictobject.h``, ``parser_interface.h``, " +"``picklebufobject.h``, ``pyarena.h``, ``pyctype.h``, ``pydebug.h``, " +"``pyfpe.h``, and ``pytime.h`` have been moved to the ``Include/cpython`` " +"directory. These files must not be included directly, as they are already " +"included in ``Python.h``; see :ref:`api-includes`. If they have been " +"included directly, consider including ``Python.h`` instead. (Contributed by " +"Nicholas Sim in :issue:`35134`.)" +msgstr "" +"非受限 API 文件 ``odictobject.h``, ``parser_interface.h``, ``picklebufobject.h``," +" ``pyarena.h``, ``pyctype.h``, ``pydebug.h``, ``pyfpe.h`` 和 ``pytime.h`` " +"已被移至 ``Include/cpython`` 目录。 这些文件不可被直接包括，因为它们已经在 ``Python.h`` 中被包括了；参见 " +":ref:`api-includes`。 如果它们已被直接包括，请考虑改为包括 ``Python.h``。 （由 Nicholas Sim 在 " +":issue:`35134` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2201 +msgid "" +"Use the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` type flag to create immutable " +"type objects. Do not rely on :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE` to decide if a " +"type object is mutable or not; check if :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` " +"is set instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner and Erlend E. Aasland in " +":issue:`43908`.)" +msgstr "" +"请使用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` 类型旗标来创建不可变类型对象。 请勿依赖于 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE` 来确定类型对象是否可变；应改为检查是否设置了 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE`。 （由 Victor Stinner 和 Erlend E. Aasland 在" +" :issue:`43908` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2207 +msgid "" +"The undocumented function ``Py_FrozenMain`` has been removed from the " +"limited API. The function is mainly useful for custom builds of Python. " +"(Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :issue:`26241`.)" +msgstr "" +"未被加入文档的函数 ``Py_FrozenMain`` 已从受限 API 中移除。 该函数主要适用于 Python 的定制版本。 （由 Petr " +"Viktorin 在 :issue:`26241` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2214 +msgid "" +"The ``PyUnicode_InternImmortal()`` function is now deprecated and will be " +"removed in Python 3.12: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` instead. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`41692`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``PyUnicode_InternImmortal()`` 函数已被弃用，并将在 Python 3.12 中移除：请改用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace`。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`41692` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2222 +msgid "" +"Removed ``Py_UNICODE_str*`` functions manipulating ``Py_UNICODE*`` strings. " +"(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41123`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``Py_UNICODE_str*`` 函数，它被用于控制 ``Py_UNICODE*`` 字符串。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 " +":issue:`41123` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2225 +msgid "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strlen``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength` or " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH`" +msgstr "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strlen``: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength` 或 " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2227 +msgid "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strcat``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`" +msgstr "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strcat``: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` 或 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2229 +msgid "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strcpy``, ``Py_UNICODE_strncpy``: use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or :c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring`" +msgstr "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strcpy``, ``Py_UNICODE_strncpy``: 使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` 或 :c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2231 +msgid "``Py_UNICODE_strcmp``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Compare`" +msgstr "``Py_UNICODE_strcmp``: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_Compare`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2232 +msgid "``Py_UNICODE_strncmp``: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Tailmatch`" +msgstr "``Py_UNICODE_strncmp``: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_Tailmatch`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2233 +msgid "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strchr``, ``Py_UNICODE_strrchr``: use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar`" +msgstr "" +"``Py_UNICODE_strchr``, ``Py_UNICODE_strrchr``: 使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"Removed ``PyUnicode_GetMax()``. Please migrate to new (:pep:`393`) APIs. " +"(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41103`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``PyUnicode_GetMax()``。 请迁移到新的 (:pep:`393`) API。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 " +":issue:`41103` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2239 +msgid "" +"Removed ``PyLong_FromUnicode()``. Please migrate to " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromUnicodeObject`. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`41103`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``PyLong_FromUnicode()``。 请迁移到 :c:func:`PyLong_FromUnicodeObject`。 （由 " +"Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`41103` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2242 +msgid "" +"Removed ``PyUnicode_AsUnicodeCopy()``. Please use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy` or :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString` " +"(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`41103`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``PyUnicode_AsUnicodeCopy()``。 请使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy` 或 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString` （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`41103` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2246 +msgid "" +"Removed ``_Py_CheckRecursionLimit`` variable: it has been replaced by " +"``ceval.recursion_limit`` of the :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` structure. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`41834`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``_Py_CheckRecursionLimit`` 变量：它已被 :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` 结构体的 " +"``ceval.recursion_limit`` 所取代。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`41834` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2250 +msgid "" +"Removed undocumented macros ``Py_ALLOW_RECURSION`` and " +"``Py_END_ALLOW_RECURSION`` and the ``recursion_critical`` field of the " +":c:type:`PyInterpreterState` structure. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`41936`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了未记入文档的宏 ``Py_ALLOW_RECURSION`` 和 ``Py_END_ALLOW_RECURSION`` 以及 " +":c:type:`PyInterpreterState` 结构体的 ``recursion_critical`` 字段。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`41936` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2255 +msgid "" +"Removed the undocumented ``PyOS_InitInterrupts()`` function. Initializing " +"Python already implicitly installs signal handlers: see " +":c:member:`PyConfig.install_signal_handlers`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner" +" in :issue:`41713`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了未记入文档的 ``PyOS_InitInterrupts()`` 函数。Python 初始化时已隐式安装了信号处理 handler：参见 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.install_signal_handlers`。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 " +":issue:`41713` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2260 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``PyAST_Validate()`` function. It is no longer possible to build " +"a AST object (``mod_ty`` type) with the public C API. The function was " +"already excluded from the limited C API (:pep:`384`). (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :issue:`43244`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``PyAST_Validate()`` 函数。不能再使用公有 C API 来构建 AST 对象（``mod_ty`` " +"类型）了。该函数已不属于受限 C API（:pep:`384` ）。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`43244` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2265 +msgid "Remove the ``symtable.h`` header file and the undocumented functions:" +msgstr "移除了 ``symtable.h`` 头文件及未写入文档的函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2267 +msgid "``PyST_GetScope()``" +msgstr "``PyST_GetScope()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2268 +msgid "``PySymtable_Build()``" +msgstr "``PySymtable_Build()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2269 +msgid "``PySymtable_BuildObject()``" +msgstr "``PySymtable_BuildObject()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2270 +msgid "``PySymtable_Free()``" +msgstr "``PySymtable_Free()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2271 +msgid "``Py_SymtableString()``" +msgstr "``Py_SymtableString()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2272 +msgid "``Py_SymtableStringObject()``" +msgstr "``Py_SymtableStringObject()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2274 +msgid "" +"The ``Py_SymtableString()`` function was part the stable ABI by mistake but " +"it could not be used, because the ``symtable.h`` header file was excluded " +"from the limited C API." +msgstr "" +"``Py_SymtableString()`` 函数误为稳定版 ABI 却无法使用，因为 ``symtable.h`` 头文件不属于受限 C API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2278 +msgid "" +"Use Python :mod:`symtable` module instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in" +" :issue:`43244`.)" +msgstr "" +"请改用 Python :mod:`symtable` 模块。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`43244` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2281 +msgid "" +"Remove :c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` from the limited C API headers" +" and from ``python3.dll``, the library that provides the stable ABI on " +"Windows. Since the function takes a ``FILE*`` argument, its ABI stability " +"cannot be guaranteed. (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :issue:`43868`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` 已从受限 C API 头文件和 ``python3.dll`` 中移除，此" +" dll 为 Windows 中的稳定版 ABI 库。由于该函数可接受一个 ``FILE*`` 参数，所以无法保证其 ABI 稳定性。（由 Petr " +"Viktorin 贡献于 :issue:`43868` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2287 +msgid "" +"Remove ``ast.h``, ``asdl.h``, and ``Python-ast.h`` header files. These " +"functions were undocumented and excluded from the limited C API. Most names " +"defined by these header files were not prefixed by ``Py`` and so could " +"create names conflicts. For example, ``Python-ast.h`` defined a ``Yield`` " +"macro which was conflict with the ``Yield`` name used by the Windows " +"```` header. Use the Python :mod:`ast` module instead. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`43244`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``ast.h``, ``asdl.h`` 和 ``Python-ast.h`` 头文件。 这些函数未入文档且不属于受限 C " +"API。这些头文件中定义的大多数名称都不带 ``Py`` 前缀，因此可能会造成命名冲突。比如 ``Python-ast.h`` 定义了一个 " +"``Yield`` 宏，就会与另一个Windows ```` 头文件中的 ``Yield`` 冲突。请改用 Python " +":mod:`ast` 模块。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`43244` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2295 +msgid "" +"Remove the compiler and parser functions using ``struct _mod`` type, because" +" the public AST C API was removed:" +msgstr "移除了用到 ``struct _mod`` 类型的编译器和解析器函数，因为公共的 AST C API 已被移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2298 +msgid "``PyAST_Compile()``" +msgstr "``PyAST_Compile()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2299 +msgid "``PyAST_CompileEx()``" +msgstr "``PyAST_CompileEx()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2300 +msgid "``PyAST_CompileObject()``" +msgstr "``PyAST_CompileObject()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2301 +msgid "``PyFuture_FromAST()``" +msgstr "``PyFuture_FromAST()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2302 +msgid "``PyFuture_FromASTObject()``" +msgstr "``PyFuture_FromASTObject()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2303 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromFile()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromFile()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2304 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromFileObject()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromFileObject()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2305 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromFilename()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromFilename()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2306 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromString()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromString()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2307 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromStringObject()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromStringObject()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2309 +msgid "" +"These functions were undocumented and excluded from the limited C API. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`43244`.)" +msgstr "这些函数未入文档且不属于受限 C API。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`43244` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2312 +msgid "Remove the ``pyarena.h`` header file with functions:" +msgstr "移除了包含下列函数的头文件 ``pyarena.h`` ：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2314 +msgid "``PyArena_New()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_New()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2315 +msgid "``PyArena_Free()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_Free()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2316 +msgid "``PyArena_Malloc()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_Malloc()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2317 +msgid "``PyArena_AddPyObject()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_AddPyObject()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2319 +msgid "" +"These functions were undocumented, excluded from the limited C API, and were" +" only used internally by the compiler. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`43244`.)" +msgstr "" +"这些函数未记入文档，且不属于受限 C API，仅由编译器内部使用。（由 Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`43244` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2323 +msgid "" +"The ``PyThreadState.use_tracing`` member has been removed to optimize " +"Python. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :issue:`43760`.)" +msgstr "" +"``PyThreadState.use_tracing`` 成员已被删除，以优化 Python 。(由 Mark Shannon 在 " +":issue:`43760` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2328 +msgid "Notable security feature in 3.10.7" +msgstr "3.10.7 中的重要安全特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2330 +msgid "" +"Converting between :class:`int` and :class:`str` in bases other than 2 " +"(binary), 4, 8 (octal), 16 (hexadecimal), or 32 such as base 10 (decimal) " +"now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the number of digits in string form is " +"above a limit to avoid potential denial of service attacks due to the " +"algorithmic complexity. This is a mitigation for :cve:`2020-10735`. This " +"limit can be configured or disabled by environment variable, command line " +"flag, or :mod:`sys` APIs. See the :ref:`integer string conversion length " +"limitation ` documentation. The default limit is 4300 " +"digits in string form." +msgstr "" +"使用 2 (二进制), 4, 8 (八进制), 16 (十六进制) 或 32 以外的基数例如以 10 (十进制) 为基数在 :class:`int` 和" +" :class:`str` 之间进行转换现在如果字符串表示形式中的位数超过特定限制则会引发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"以避免因算法复杂度导致的拒绝服务攻击风险。 这是对于 :cve:`2020-10735` 的一种缓解方案。 此限制可通过环境变量、命令行旗标或 " +":mod:`sys` API 来配置或者禁用。 参见 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 ` 文档。 " +"字符串形式的默认限制为 4300 位数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2341 +msgid "Notable security feature in 3.10.8" +msgstr "3.10.8 中的重要安全特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2343 +msgid "" +"The deprecated :mod:`!mailcap` module now refuses to inject unsafe text " +"(filenames, MIME types, parameters) into shell commands. Instead of using " +"such text, it will warn and act as if a match was not found (or for test " +"commands, as if the test failed). (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in " +":gh:`98966`.)" +msgstr "" +"已被弃用的 :mod:`!mailcap` 模块现在将拒绝将不安全的文本（文件名、MIME 类型、形参等）注入到 shell 命令中。 " +"它不会使用此类文本，而是会发出警告并且将视作未找到匹配结果（或者对于测试命令，将视作测试失败）。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 " +":gh:`98966` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2350 +msgid "Notable changes in 3.10.12" +msgstr "3.10.12 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2353 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.10.rst:2355 +msgid "" +"The extraction methods in :mod:`tarfile`, and :func:`shutil.unpack_archive`," +" have a new a *filter* argument that allows limiting tar features than may " +"be surprising or dangerous, such as creating files outside the destination " +"directory. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details. In Python 3.12," +" use without the *filter* argument will show a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In" +" Python 3.14, the default will switch to ``'data'``. (Contributed by Petr " +"Viktorin in :pep:`706`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile` 中的提取方法和 :func:`shutil.unpack_archive` 都新增了 *filter* " +"参数以允许限制可能令人意外或危险的 tar 特性，例如在目标目录之外创建文件。 相关细节参见 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-" +"filter`。 在 Python 3.12 中，不带 *filter* 参数的用法将显示 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在 " +"Python 3.14 中，默认值将切换为 ``'data'``。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 :pep:`706` 中贡献。）" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.11.po b/whatsnew/3.11.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c371e8662 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.11.po @@ -0,0 +1,5457 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# hanfeng , 2022 +# sgqy , 2022 +# Xu Siyuan, 2022 +# 叶浚安 , 2022 +# eric R , 2022 +# Pan Felix , 2022 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2022 +# Dai Xu , 2022 +# Makdon , 2022 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2022 +# Sefank , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Jason Ren, 2023 +# 汪心禾 , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-01 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-05 19:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.11" +msgstr "Python 3.11 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid "Editor" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:5 +msgid "Pablo Galindo Salgado" +msgstr "Pablo Galindo Salgado" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.11, compared to 3.10. " +"Python 3.11 was released on October 24, 2022. For full details, see the " +":ref:`changelog `." +msgstr "" +"这篇文章介绍了 Python 3.11 相比 3.10 增加的新特性。 Python 3.11 发布于 2022 年 10 月 24 日。 " +"要了解更详细的信息，可参阅 :ref:`更新日志 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:55 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:60 +msgid "" +"Python 3.11 is between 10-60% faster than Python 3.10. On average, we " +"measured a 1.25x speedup on the standard benchmark suite. See " +":ref:`whatsnew311-faster-cpython` for details." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.11 的速度比 Python 3.10 快 10-60%。在平均状况下，在标准基准测试（standard benchmark " +"suite）中可见1.25倍的加速效果。更多细节请参见 :ref:`whatsnew311-faster-cpython` 一节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:66 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:68 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep654`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep654`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:70 +msgid "New built-in features:" +msgstr "新的内置特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:72 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep678`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep678`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:74 +msgid "New standard library modules:" +msgstr "新的标准库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:76 +msgid "" +":pep:`680`: :mod:`tomllib` — Support for parsing `TOML `_ " +"in the Standard Library" +msgstr ":pep:`680`: :mod:`tomllib` — 标准库中对解析 `TOML `_ 的支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:79 +msgid "Interpreter improvements:" +msgstr "解释器的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:81 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep657`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep657`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:82 +msgid "" +"New :option:`-P` command line option and :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` " +"environment variable to :ref:`disable automatically prepending potentially " +"unsafe paths ` to :data:`sys.path`" +msgstr "" +"新增 :option:`-P` 命令行选项以及 :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` 环境变量来 " +":ref:`禁止自动将潜在的不安全路径前置` 到 :data:`sys.path`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:86 +msgid "New typing features:" +msgstr "新的类型标注特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:88 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep646`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep646`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:89 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep655`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep655`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:90 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep673`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep673`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:91 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep675`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep675`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:92 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep681`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep681`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:94 +msgid "Important deprecations, removals and restrictions:" +msgstr "重要的弃用、移除或限制：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:96 +msgid "" +":pep:`594`: :ref:`Many legacy standard library modules have been deprecated " +"` and will be removed in Python 3.13" +msgstr "" +":pep:`594`: :ref:`许多旧标准库模块已被弃用 `，并将在 Python 3.13 中移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:99 +msgid "" +":pep:`624`: :ref:`Py_UNICODE encoder APIs have been removed " +"`" +msgstr ":pep:`624`: :ref:`Py_UNICODE 编码器 API 已被移除 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:101 +msgid "" +":pep:`670`: :ref:`Macros converted to static inline functions " +"`" +msgstr ":pep:`670`: :ref:`转换为静态内联函数的宏 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:108 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2211 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:113 +msgid "PEP 657: Fine-grained error locations in tracebacks" +msgstr "PEP 657：回溯信息中标注更详细的错误位置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:115 +msgid "" +"When printing tracebacks, the interpreter will now point to the exact " +"expression that caused the error, instead of just the line. For example:" +msgstr "在打印回溯信息（traceback）时，解释器现在不仅会指出错误所在行，还会进一步指出引发错误的表达式在哪里。例如：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:118 +msgid "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"distance.py\", line 11, in \n" +" print(manhattan_distance(p1, p2))\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"distance.py\", line 6, in manhattan_distance\n" +" return abs(point_1.x - point_2.x) + abs(point_1.y - point_2.y)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'x'" +msgstr "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"distance.py\", line 11, in \n" +" print(manhattan_distance(p1, p2))\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"distance.py\", line 6, in manhattan_distance\n" +" return abs(point_1.x - point_2.x) + abs(point_1.y - point_2.y)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'x'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:129 +msgid "" +"Previous versions of the interpreter would point to just the line, making it" +" ambiguous which object was ``None``. These enhanced errors can also be " +"helpful when dealing with deeply nested :class:`dict` objects and multiple " +"function calls:" +msgstr "" +"先前版本的解释器只会指出该行存在错误，我们不清楚哪个对象是这里的 ``None``。在深度嵌套的 :class:`dict` " +"对象以及连用多个函数调用的场景下，这些增强的错误也会大有裨益：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:133 +msgid "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 37, in \n" +" magic_arithmetic('foo')\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 18, in magic_arithmetic\n" +" return add_counts(x) / 25\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 24, in add_counts\n" +" return 25 + query_user(user1) + query_user(user2)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 32, in query_user\n" +" return 1 + query_count(db, response['a']['b']['c']['user'], retry=True)\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^\n" +"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable" +msgstr "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 37, in \n" +" magic_arithmetic('foo')\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 18, in magic_arithmetic\n" +" return add_counts(x) / 25\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 24, in add_counts\n" +" return 25 + query_user(user1) + query_user(user2)\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +" File \"query.py\", line 32, in query_user\n" +" return 1 + query_count(db, response['a']['b']['c']['user'], retry=True)\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^\n" +"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:149 +msgid "As well as complex arithmetic expressions:" +msgstr "在复杂的算数表达式中同样有用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:151 +msgid "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"calculation.py\", line 54, in \n" +" result = (x / y / z) * (a / b / c)\n" +" ~~~~~~^~~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" +msgstr "" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"calculation.py\", line 54, in \n" +" result = (x / y / z) * (a / b / c)\n" +" ~~~~~~^~~\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:159 +msgid "" +"Additionally, the information used by the enhanced traceback feature is made" +" available via a general API, that can be used to correlate :term:`bytecode`" +" :ref:`instructions ` with source code location. This information" +" can be retrieved using:" +msgstr "" +"此外，增强的回溯信息功能使用的信息通过通用 API 提供，该 API 可用于将 :term:`bytecode` :ref:`指令 " +"` 与源代码位置相关联。 可以使用以下方式获取此信息：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:164 +msgid "The :meth:`codeobject.co_positions` method in Python." +msgstr "Python 中的 :meth:`codeobject.co_positions` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:165 +msgid "The :c:func:`PyCode_Addr2Location` function in the C API." +msgstr "C API 中的 :c:func:`PyCode_Addr2Location` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:167 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`657` for more details. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan " +"Taskaya and Ammar Askar in :issue:`43950`.)" +msgstr "" +"更多细节请参见 :pep:`657`。（由Pablo Galindo、Batuhan Taskaya 和 Ammar Askar 在 " +":issue:`43950` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:171 +msgid "" +"This feature requires storing column positions in :ref:`codeobjects`, which " +"may result in a small increase in interpreter memory usage and disk usage " +"for compiled Python files. To avoid storing the extra information and " +"deactivate printing the extra traceback information, use the :option:`-X " +"no_debug_ranges <-X>` command line option or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` environment variable." +msgstr "" +"该特性需要在 :ref:`codeobjects` 中存储列位置，这可能会导致解释器内存占用和经过编译的 Python 文件的文件大小略有增加。 " +"要避免存储额外的信息同时取消打印额外的回溯信息，请使用 :option:`-X no_debug_ranges <-X>` 命令行选项或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:183 +msgid "PEP 654: Exception Groups and ``except*``" +msgstr "PEP 654：异常组与 ``except*``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:185 +msgid "" +":pep:`654` introduces language features that enable a program to raise and " +"handle multiple unrelated exceptions simultaneously. The builtin types " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` and :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` make it possible to " +"group exceptions and raise them together, and the new :keyword:`except* " +"` syntax generalizes :keyword:`except` to match subgroups of " +"exception groups." +msgstr "" +":pep:`654` 引入了若干语言特性，从而让程序能够同时引发和处理多个不相关的异常。内置类型 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 和 " +":exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 使得将异常划分成组并一起引发成为可能，新添加的 :keyword:`except* " +"` 是对 :keyword:`except` 的泛化语法，这一语法能够匹配异常组的子组。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:192 +msgid "See :pep:`654` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`654`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:194 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45292`. PEP written by Irit Katriel," +" Yury Selivanov and Guido van Rossum.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Irit Katriel 在 :issue:`45292` 中贡献，PEP 由 Irit Katriel、Yury Selivanov 和 " +"Guido van Rossum 编写）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:201 +msgid "PEP 678: Exceptions can be enriched with notes" +msgstr "PEP 678：可用注释丰富异常" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:203 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~BaseException.add_note` method is added to :exc:`BaseException`." +" It can be used to enrich exceptions with context information that is not " +"available at the time when the exception is raised. The added notes appear " +"in the default traceback." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~BaseException.add_note` 方法已被添加到 :exc:`BaseException` " +"中。如果存在引发异常时不可用的上下文信息，使用该方法可以手动附加这些信息来丰富异常。添加的备注会显示在默认的回溯信息中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:208 +msgid "See :pep:`678` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`678`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:210 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45607`. PEP written by Zac Hatfield-" +"Dodds.)" +msgstr "（由 Irit Katriel 在 :issue:`45607` 中贡献，PEP 由 Zac Hatfield-Dodds 编写）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:217 +msgid "Windows ``py.exe`` launcher improvements" +msgstr "Windows 下的 ``py.exe`` 启动器改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:219 +msgid "" +"The copy of the :ref:`launcher` included with Python 3.11 has been " +"significantly updated. It now supports company/tag syntax as defined in " +":pep:`514` using the :samp:`-V:{}/{}` argument instead of the " +"limited :samp:`-{}.{}`. This allows launching distributions " +"other than ``PythonCore``, the one hosted on `python.org " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"包括在 Python 3.11 中的 :ref:`launcher` 的副本已进行了重大更新。 现在它支持 :pep:`514` 所定义的 " +"company/tag 语法即使用 :samp:`-V:{}/{}` 参数代替受限的 " +":samp:`-{}.{}`。 这允许启动托管在 `python.org " +"`_ 上的 ``PythonCore`` 以外的其他发行版。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:225 +msgid "" +"When using ``-V:`` selectors, either company or tag can be omitted, but all " +"installs will be searched. For example, ``-V:OtherPython/`` will select the " +"\"best\" tag registered for ``OtherPython``, while ``-V:3.11`` or " +"``-V:/3.11`` will select the \"best\" distribution with tag ``3.11``." +msgstr "" +"当使用 ``-V:`` 选择器时，可以省略 company 或 tag，此时会搜索所有的安装。例如，``-V:OtherPython/`` 会选择 " +"``OtherPython`` 所注册的“最佳”标签，而 ``-V:3.11`` 或 ``-V:/3.11`` 则会选择标签为 ``3.11`` " +"的“最佳”发行版。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:230 +msgid "" +"When using the legacy :samp:`-{}`, :samp:`-{}.{}`, " +":samp:`-{}-{}` or :samp:`-{}.{}-{}` " +"arguments, all existing behaviour should be preserved from past versions, " +"and only releases from ``PythonCore`` will be selected. However, the ``-64``" +" suffix now implies \"not 32-bit\" (not necessarily x86-64), as there are " +"multiple supported 64-bit platforms. 32-bit runtimes are detected by " +"checking the runtime's tag for a ``-32`` suffix. All releases of Python " +"since 3.5 have included this in their 32-bit builds." +msgstr "" +"在使用旧式的 " +":samp:`-{}`、:samp:`-{}.{}`、:samp:`-{}-{}`" +" 或 :samp:`-{}.{}-{}` 参数时，应保留过去版本的所有已有行为，并只选择从 " +"``PythonCore`` 发布的版本。 不过，``-64`` 后缀现在表示“非 32 位”（不一定是 x86-64），因为有多种受支持的 64 " +"位平台。 32 位运行时是通过检查运行时的标签是否有 ``-32`` 后缀来检测的。 自 Python 3.5 以来的所有版本都在其 32 " +"位编译中包括了这个后缀。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:244 +msgid "New Features Related to Type Hints" +msgstr "有关类型提示的新增特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:246 +msgid "" +"This section covers major changes affecting :pep:`484` type hints and the " +":mod:`typing` module." +msgstr "本节介绍了涉及 :pep:`484` 类型提示和 :mod:`typing` 模块的主要更改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:253 +msgid "PEP 646: Variadic generics" +msgstr "PEP 646：可变参数泛型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:255 +msgid "" +":pep:`484` previously introduced :data:`~typing.TypeVar`, enabling creation " +"of generics parameterised with a single type. :pep:`646` adds " +":data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple`, enabling parameterisation with an *arbitrary* " +"number of types. In other words, a :data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` is a " +"*variadic* type variable, enabling *variadic* generics." +msgstr "" +"之前的 :pep:`484` 引入了 :data:`~typing.TypeVar`，其支持创建带单一类型参数的泛型。:pep:`646` 新引入了 " +":data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple`，其支持 *任意* " +"数量的类型的参数化。换言之，:data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` 是 *可变参数（variadic）* 类型变量，支持 *可变参数*" +" 泛型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:262 +msgid "" +"This enables a wide variety of use cases. In particular, it allows the type " +"of array-like structures in numerical computing libraries such as NumPy and " +"TensorFlow to be parameterised with the array *shape*. Static type checkers " +"will now be able to catch shape-related bugs in code that uses these " +"libraries." +msgstr "" +"该泛型的引入让相当多的代码写法成为可能。特别是在诸如 NumPy 和 TensorFlow 这样的数值计算库中，这种泛型让类数组（array-" +"like）结构类型可以用数组的 *形状（shape）* 来参数化。这样一来，静态类型检查器就能够在使用这些库的代码中捕获与形状有关的错误了。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:268 +msgid "See :pep:`646` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`646`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:270 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Matthew Rahtz in :issue:`43224`, with contributions by " +"Serhiy Storchaka and Jelle Zijlstra. PEP written by Mark Mendoza, Matthew " +"Rahtz, Pradeep Kumar Srinivasan, and Vincent Siles.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Matthew Rahtz 在 :issue:`43224` 中贡献，共同贡献的还有 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Jelle " +"Zijlstra，PEP 由 Mark Mendoza、Matthew Rahtz、Pradeep Kumar Srinivasan 以及 " +"Vincent Siles 编写）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:278 +msgid "" +"PEP 655: Marking individual ``TypedDict`` items as required or not-required" +msgstr "PEP 655：将单个 ``TypedDict`` 项标记为必填或非必填项" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:280 +msgid "" +":data:`~typing.Required` and :data:`~typing.NotRequired` provide a " +"straightforward way to mark whether individual items in a " +":class:`~typing.TypedDict` must be present. Previously, this was only " +"possible using inheritance." +msgstr "" +":data:`~typing.Required` 和 :data:`~typing.NotRequired` 提供了一种简单明了的方式来标记 " +":class:`~typing.TypedDict` 中的单个项是否必须存在。而在之前的版本中，这只能通过使用继承来实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:285 +msgid "" +"All fields are still required by default, unless the *total* parameter is " +"set to ``False``, in which case all fields are still not-required by " +"default. For example, the following specifies a :class:`!TypedDict` with one" +" required and one not-required key::" +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，所有字段仍然是必填的，除非 *total* 参数设置为 " +"``False``，在这种情况下，默认情况下所有字段则是非必填的。例如，下面指定了一个 " +":class:`!TypedDict`，其中有一个必填的键和一个非必填的键：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:291 +msgid "" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" title: str\n" +" year: NotRequired[int]\n" +"\n" +"m1: Movie = {\"title\": \"Black Panther\", \"year\": 2018} # OK\n" +"m2: Movie = {\"title\": \"Star Wars\"} # OK (year is not required)\n" +"m3: Movie = {\"year\": 2022} # ERROR (missing required field title)" +msgstr "" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" title: str\n" +" year: NotRequired[int]\n" +"\n" +"m1: Movie = {\"title\": \"Black Panther\", \"year\": 2018} # 可以\n" +"m2: Movie = {\"title\": \"Star Wars\"} # 可以 (不是必需的)\n" +"m3: Movie = {\"year\": 2022} # 错误 (缺少必需的字段 title)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:299 +msgid "The following definition is equivalent::" +msgstr "而以下的定义和上述定义等价：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:301 +msgid "" +"class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" title: Required[str]\n" +" year: int" +msgstr "" +"class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" title: Required[str]\n" +" year: int" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:305 +msgid "See :pep:`655` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`655`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:307 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by David Foster and Jelle Zijlstra in :issue:`47087`. PEP " +"written by David Foster.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 David Foster 和 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :issue:`47087` 中贡献，PEP 由 David Foster 编写）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:314 +msgid "PEP 673: ``Self`` type" +msgstr "PEP 673：``Self`` 类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:316 +msgid "" +"The new :data:`~typing.Self` annotation provides a simple and intuitive way " +"to annotate methods that return an instance of their class. This behaves the" +" same as the :class:`~typing.TypeVar`-based approach :pep:`specified in PEP " +"484 <484#annotating-instance-and-class-methods>`, but is more concise and " +"easier to follow." +msgstr "" +"新的 :data:`~typing.Self` 注解提供了一种简单而又直观的方法来标注返回其类实例的方法。这一注解的行为与 :pep:`PEP " +"484<484#annotating-instance-and-class-methods>` 中指定的基于 " +":class:`~typing.TypeVar` 的方法是一致的，但更简洁、更易于遵循。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:322 +msgid "" +"Common use cases include alternative constructors provided as " +":func:`classmethod `\\s, and :meth:`~object.__enter__` methods " +"that return ``self``::" +msgstr "" +"常见的用法包括以 :func:`classmethod` 形式提供的替代构造函数，以及返回 ``self`` 的 " +":meth:`~object.__enter__` 方法：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:326 +msgid "" +"class MyLock:\n" +" def __enter__(self) -> Self:\n" +" self.lock()\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class MyInt:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def fromhex(cls, s: str) -> Self:\n" +" return cls(int(s, 16))\n" +"\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class MyLock:\n" +" def __enter__(self) -> Self:\n" +" self.lock()\n" +" return self\n" +"\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class MyInt:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def fromhex(cls, s: str) -> Self:\n" +" return cls(int(s, 16))\n" +"\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:340 +msgid "" +":data:`~typing.Self` can also be used to annotate method parameters or " +"attributes of the same type as their enclosing class." +msgstr ":data:`~typing.Self` 也可以用来标注与其封闭类类型相同的方法参数或属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:343 +msgid "See :pep:`673` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`673`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:345 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by James Hilton-Balfe in :issue:`46534`. PEP written by Pradeep" +" Kumar Srinivasan and James Hilton-Balfe.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 James Hilton-Balfe 在 :issue:`46534` 中贡献，PEP 由 Pradeep Kumar Srinivasan 和 " +"James Hilton-Balfe 编写）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:352 +msgid "PEP 675: Arbitrary literal string type" +msgstr "PEP 675：任意字面值字符串类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:354 +msgid "" +"The new :data:`~typing.LiteralString` annotation may be used to indicate " +"that a function parameter can be of any literal string type. This allows a " +"function to accept arbitrary literal string types, as well as strings " +"created from other literal strings. Type checkers can then enforce that " +"sensitive functions, such as those that execute SQL statements or shell " +"commands, are called only with static arguments, providing protection " +"against injection attacks." +msgstr "" +"新的 :data:`~typing.LiteralString` " +"注解能用于注明函数参数可为任何字面值字符串类型。这允许函数接受任意字面值字符串类型，以及从其他字面值字符串创建的字符串。这样一来，类型检查器就可以强制对此敏感的函数（例如执行" +" SQL 语句或 shell 命令的函数）只以静态的实参来调用，从而提供对注入攻击的保护。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:362 +msgid "For example, a SQL query function could be annotated as follows::" +msgstr "例如，SQL 查询函数可按照如下方式注解：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:364 +msgid "" +"def run_query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def caller(\n" +" arbitrary_string: str,\n" +" query_string: LiteralString,\n" +" table_name: LiteralString,\n" +") -> None:\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM students\") # ok\n" +" run_query(query_string) # ok\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM \" + table_name) # ok\n" +" run_query(arbitrary_string) # type checker error\n" +" run_query( # type checker error\n" +" f\"SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = {arbitrary_string}\"\n" +" )" +msgstr "" +"def run_query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"def caller(\n" +" arbitrary_string: str,\n" +" query_string: LiteralString,\n" +" table_name: LiteralString,\n" +") -> None:\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM students\") # 可以\n" +" run_query(query_string) # 可以\n" +" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM \" + table_name) # 可以\n" +" run_query(arbitrary_string) # 类型检查器错误\n" +" run_query( # 类型检查器错误\n" +" f\"SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = {arbitrary_string}\"\n" +" )" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:380 +msgid "See :pep:`675` for more details." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`675` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:382 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :issue:`47088`. PEP written by Pradeep " +"Kumar Srinivasan and Graham Bleaney.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :issue:`47088` 中贡献，PEP 由 Pradeep Kumar Srinivasan 和 " +"Graham Bleaney 编写）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:389 +msgid "PEP 681: Data class transforms" +msgstr "PEP 681：数据类变换" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:391 +msgid "" +":data:`~typing.dataclass_transform` may be used to decorate a class, " +"metaclass, or a function that is itself a decorator. The presence of " +"``@dataclass_transform()`` tells a static type checker that the decorated " +"object performs runtime \"magic\" that transforms a class, giving it " +":func:`dataclass `-like behaviors." +msgstr "" +":data:`~typing.dataclass_transform` 可用于修饰类、元类或本身是装饰器的函数。使用 " +"``@dataclass_Transform()`` 就能让静态类型检查器知道被修饰的对象会在运行时执行对类的变换专业的“魔法”，从而让它具有类似 " +":func:`dataclass ` 的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:397 +msgid "For example::" +msgstr "例如：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:399 +msgid "" +"# The create_model decorator is defined by a library.\n" +"@typing.dataclass_transform()\n" +"def create_model(cls: Type[T]) -> Type[T]:\n" +" cls.__init__ = ...\n" +" cls.__eq__ = ...\n" +" cls.__ne__ = ...\n" +" return cls\n" +"\n" +"# The create_model decorator can now be used to create new model classes:\n" +"@create_model\n" +"class CustomerModel:\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str\n" +"\n" +"c = CustomerModel(id=327, name=\"Eric Idle\")" +msgstr "" +"# create_model 装饰器是由库来定义的。\n" +"@typing.dataclass_transform()\n" +"def create_model(cls: Type[T]) -> Type[T]:\n" +" cls.__init__ = ...\n" +" cls.__eq__ = ...\n" +" cls.__ne__ = ...\n" +" return cls\n" +"\n" +"# 现在 create_model 装饰器可被用于创建新的模型类：\n" +"@create_model\n" +"class CustomerModel:\n" +" id: int\n" +" name: str\n" +"\n" +"c = CustomerModel(id=327, name=\"Eric Idle\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:415 +msgid "See :pep:`681` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`681`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:417 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`91860`. PEP written by Erik De Bonte " +"and Eric Traut.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`91860` 中贡献，PEP 由 Erik De Bonte 和 Eric Traut 编写）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:424 +msgid "PEP 563 may not be the future" +msgstr "未来版本可能不再实现 PEP 563" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:426 +msgid "" +":pep:`563` Postponed Evaluation of Annotations (the ``from __future__ import" +" annotations`` :ref:`future statement `) that was originally planned" +" for release in Python 3.10 has been put on hold indefinitely. See `this " +"message from the Steering Council " +"`__ for more " +"information." +msgstr "" +"原计划随 Python 3.10 发布的 :pep:`563` 延迟注解求值（``from __future__ import " +"annotations`` 的 :ref:`future 语句 `）已被无限期搁置。 更多信息请参见 `指导委员会（Steering " +"Council）邮件列表中的讨论 `__ 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:437 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Starred unpacking expressions can now be used in :keyword:`for` statements. " +"(See :issue:`46725` for more details.)" +msgstr "星号解包表达式现在可以在 :keyword:`for` 语句中使用。（更多细节请参见 :issue:`46725`）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:442 +msgid "" +"Asynchronous :ref:`comprehensions ` are now allowed inside " +"comprehensions in :ref:`asynchronous functions `. Outer " +"comprehensions implicitly become asynchronous in this case. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`33346`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在，在 :ref:`异步函数 ` 中的推导式内部允许使用异步 :ref:`推导式 " +"`。此时，外部推导式隐式地变成了异步推导式。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`33346` " +"中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:447 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`TypeError` is now raised instead of an :exc:`AttributeError` in " +":keyword:`with` statements and :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context` " +"for objects that do not support the :term:`context manager` protocol, and in" +" :keyword:`async with` statements and " +":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.enter_async_context` for objects not " +"supporting the :term:`asynchronous context manager` protocol. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`12022` and :issue:`44471`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`with` 语句和用于不支持 :term:`context manager` 协议的对象 " +":meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context` 中，以及 :keyword:`async with` " +"语句和用于不支持 :term:`asynchronous context manager` 协议的对象的 " +":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.enter_async_context` 中现在会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError` 而不是 :exc:`AttributeError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`12022` 和 :issue:`44471` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:455 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`object.__getstate__`, which provides the default implementation" +" of the :meth:`!__getstate__` method. :mod:`copy`\\ing and " +":mod:`pickle`\\ing instances of subclasses of builtin types " +":class:`bytearray`, :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, " +":class:`collections.OrderedDict`, :class:`collections.deque`, " +":class:`weakref.WeakSet`, and :class:`datetime.tzinfo` now copies and " +"pickles instance attributes implemented as :term:`slots <__slots__>`. This " +"change has an unintended side effect: It trips up a small minority of " +"existing Python projects not expecting :meth:`object.__getstate__` to exist." +" See the later comments on :gh:`70766` for discussions of what workarounds " +"such code may need. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26579`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`object.__getstate__`，它提供 :meth:`!__getstate__` 方法的默认实现。 " +":mod:`copy` 并 :mod:`pickle` 内置类型 :class:`bytearray`, :class:`set`, " +":class:`frozenset`, :class:`collections.OrderedDict`, " +":class:`collections.deque`, :class:`weakref.WeakSet` 和 " +":class:`datetime.tzinfo` 的子类的实例现在将会拷贝并封存被实现为 :term:`槽位 <__slots__>` 的实例属性。 " +"此项改变有一个意外的附带影响：它将扰乱少数不使用 :meth:`object.__getstate__` 的现有 Python 项目。 请参阅 " +":gh:`70766` 上近期的评论了解有关此类代码所需处理的讨论。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`26579` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:470 +msgid "" +"Added a :option:`-P` command line option and a :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` " +"environment variable, which disable the automatic prepending to " +":data:`sys.path` of the script's directory when running a script, or the " +"current directory when using :option:`-c` and :option:`-m`. This ensures " +"only stdlib and installed modules are picked up by :keyword:`import`, and " +"avoids unintentionally or maliciously shadowing modules with those in a " +"local (and typically user-writable) directory. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`57684`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :option:`-P` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` 环境变量，它们将禁用当运行脚本时将脚本目录，或者当使用" +" :option:`-c` 和 :option:`-m` 时将当前目前自动添加到 :data:`sys.path`。 " +"这可以确保只有标准库和已安装模块可通过 :keyword:`import` 导入，而避免无意或恶意地使用本地（且通常为用户可写）的目录屏蔽此类模块。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`57684` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:481 +msgid "" +"A ``\"z\"`` option was added to the :ref:`formatspec` that coerces negative " +"to positive zero after rounding to the format precision. See :pep:`682` for " +"more details. (Contributed by John Belmonte in :gh:`90153`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`formatspec` 中增加了一个 ``\"z\"`` 选项用来在舍入到格式精度后强制将负数转为正数。 请参阅 :pep:`682` " +"了解详情。 （由 John Belmonte 在 :gh:`90153` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:486 +msgid "" +"Bytes are no longer accepted on :data:`sys.path`. Support broke sometime " +"between Python 3.2 and 3.6, with no one noticing until after Python 3.10.0 " +"was released. In addition, bringing back support would be problematic due to" +" interactions between :option:`-b` and :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` when " +"there is a mixture of :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` keys. (Contributed by " +"Thomas Grainger in :gh:`91181`.)" +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.path` 不再接受字节串。对此的支持在 Python 3.2 和 3.6 之间中断过一段时间，但是直到 Python " +"3.10.0 发布时才被人发现。此外，由于 :option:`-b` 和 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` " +"之间的交互，当同时存在 :class:`str` 和 :class:`bytes` 键时，恢复对此的支持会很困难。（由 Thomas Grainger " +"在 :gh:`91181` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:497 +msgid "Other CPython Implementation Changes" +msgstr "其他 CPython 实现的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:499 +msgid "" +"The special methods :meth:`~object.__complex__` for :class:`complex` and " +":meth:`~object.__bytes__` for :class:`bytes` are implemented to support the " +":class:`typing.SupportsComplex` and :class:`typing.SupportsBytes` protocols." +" (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Donghee Na in :issue:`24234`.)" +msgstr "" +"实现了用于 :class:`complex` 的 :meth:`~object.__complex__` 和用于 :class:`bytes` 的 " +":meth:`~object.__bytes__` 特殊方法以支持 :class:`typing.SupportsComplex` 和 " +":class:`typing.SupportsBytes` 协议。 （由 Mark Dickinson 和 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`24234` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:504 +msgid "" +"``siphash13`` is added as a new internal hashing algorithm. It has similar " +"security properties as ``siphash24``, but it is slightly faster for long " +"inputs. :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, and some other types now use it as the" +" default algorithm for :func:`hash`. :pep:`552` :ref:`hash-based .pyc files " +"` now use ``siphash13`` too. (Contributed by Inada Naoki " +"in :issue:`29410`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的内部哈希算法 ``siphash13``。它与 ``siphash24`` " +"有类似的安全特性，但是对于长输入，它的速度略快。:class:`str`、:class:`bytes` 和其他一些类型现在使用它作为 " +":func:`hash` 的默认算法。:pep:`552` :ref:`基于哈希的 .pyc 文件 ` 现在也使用 " +"``siphash13``。（由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`29410` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:513 +msgid "" +"When an active exception is re-raised by a :keyword:`raise` statement with " +"no parameters, the traceback attached to this exception is now always " +"``sys.exc_info()[1].__traceback__``. This means that changes made to the " +"traceback in the current :keyword:`except` clause are reflected in the re-" +"raised exception. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45711`.)" +msgstr "" +"当使用没有参数的 :keyword:`raise` 语句重新引发活动的异常时，被附加在此异常上的回溯现在始终为 " +"``sys.exc_info()[1].__traceback__``。这意味着在当前 :keyword:`except` " +"子句中对回溯的修改将被反映到重新引发的异常。（由 Irit Katriel 在 :issue:`45711` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:519 +msgid "" +"The interpreter state's representation of handled exceptions (aka " +"``exc_info`` or ``_PyErr_StackItem``) now only has the ``exc_value`` field; " +"``exc_type`` and ``exc_traceback`` have been removed, as they can be derived" +" from ``exc_value``. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45711`.)" +msgstr "" +"解释器状态对已处理异常（又名 ``exc_info`` 或 ``_PyErr_StackItem`` ）的表示现在只有 ``exc_value`` " +"字段；``exc_type`` 和 ``exc_traceback`` 已被移除，因为它们可以派生自 ``exc_value`` 。（由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :issue:`45711` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:525 +msgid "" +"A new :ref:`command line option `, ``AppendPath``, has" +" been added for the Windows installer. It behaves similarly to " +"``PrependPath``, but appends the install and scripts directories instead of " +"prepending them. (Contributed by Bastian Neuburger in :issue:`44934`.)" +msgstr "" +"WIndows 安装程序添加了一个新的 :ref:`命令行选项 ` " +"``AppendPath``。它的行为类似于 ``PrependPath``，但是会追加安装和脚本目录而不是前加。（由 Bastian " +"Neuburger 在 :issue:`44934` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:531 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` field must now be set to " +"``1`` for initialization to use :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` to " +"initialize :data:`sys.path`. Otherwise, initialization will recalculate the " +"path and replace any values added to ``module_search_paths``." +msgstr "" +"为了使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` 初始化 " +":data:`sys.path`，:c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` 字段现在必须使用``1`` " +"作初始化，否则，该初始化行为会重新计算路径并替换任何加入到 ``module_search_paths`` 的值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:536 +msgid "" +"The output of the :option:`--help` option now fits in 50 lines/80 columns. " +"Information about :ref:`Python environment variables ` and" +" :option:`-X` options is now available using the respective :option:`--help-" +"env` and :option:`--help-xoptions` flags, and with the new :option:`--help-" +"all`. (Contributed by Éric Araujo in :issue:`46142`.)" +msgstr "" +":option:`--help` 选项的输出现在将适应于50行/80列。有关 :ref:`Python environment variables " +"` 和 :option:`-X` 选项的信息可以分别使用 :option:`--help-env` 和 " +":option:`--help-xoptions` 标志获得，并可以使用新的标志 :option:`--help-all`。（由 Éric Araujo" +" 在 :issue:`46142` 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:543 +msgid "" +"Converting between :class:`int` and :class:`str` in bases other than 2 " +"(binary), 4, 8 (octal), 16 (hexadecimal), or 32 such as base 10 (decimal) " +"now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the number of digits in string form is " +"above a limit to avoid potential denial of service attacks due to the " +"algorithmic complexity. This is a mitigation for :cve:`2020-10735`. This " +"limit can be configured or disabled by environment variable, command line " +"flag, or :mod:`sys` APIs. See the :ref:`integer string conversion length " +"limitation ` documentation. The default limit is 4300 " +"digits in string form." +msgstr "" +"使用 2 (二进制), 4, 8 (八进制), 16 (十六进制) 或 32 以外的基数例如以 10 (十进制) 为基数在 :class:`int` 和" +" :class:`str` 之间进行转换现在如果字符串表示形式中的位数超过特定限制则会引发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"以避免因算法复杂度导致的拒绝服务攻击风险。 这是对于 :cve:`2020-10735` 的一种缓解方案。 此限制可通过环境变量、命令行旗标或 " +":mod:`sys` API 来配置或者禁用。 参见 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 ` 文档。 " +"字符串形式的默认限制为 4300 位数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:557 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:559 +msgid "" +":mod:`tomllib`: For parsing `TOML `_. See :pep:`680` for " +"more details. (Contributed by Taneli Hukkinen in :issue:`40059`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tomllib`: 用于解析 `TOML `_。 请参阅 :pep:`680` 了解详情。 （由 " +"Taneli Hukkinen 在 :issue:`40059` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:563 +msgid "" +":mod:`wsgiref.types`: :pep:`WSGI <3333>`-specific types for static type " +"checking. (Contributed by Sebastian Rittau in :issue:`42012`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`wsgiref.types`: 用于表态类型检查的 :pep:`WSGI <3333>` 专属类型。 （由 Sebastian Rittau" +" 在 :issue:`42012` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:571 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:576 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:578 +msgid "" +"Added the :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup` class, an :ref:`asynchronous context " +"manager ` holding a group of tasks that will wait " +"for all of them upon exit. For new code this is recommended over using " +":func:`~asyncio.create_task` and :func:`~asyncio.gather` directly. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov and others in :gh:`90908`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup` 类，它是一个 :ref:`异步上下文管理器 `，可以持有一组任务，等待它们全部完成后才退出。 对于新代码，建议使用此类，而不是直接使用 " +":func:`~asyncio.create_task` 和 :func:`~asyncio.gather`。 （由 Yury Selivanov " +"等人在 :gh:`90908` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:585 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`~asyncio.timeout`, an asynchronous context manager for setting " +"a timeout on asynchronous operations. For new code this is recommended over " +"using :func:`~asyncio.wait_for` directly. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in " +":gh:`90927`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~asyncio.timeout`，一个用于在异步操作上设置超时的异步上下文管理器。 对于新代码推荐用这个来代替直接使用 " +":func:`~asyncio.wait_for`。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 :gh:`90927` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:590 +msgid "" +"Added the :class:`~asyncio.Runner` class, which exposes the machinery used " +"by :func:`~asyncio.run`. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :gh:`91218`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :class:`~asyncio.Runner` 类，该类对外公开了 :func:`~asyncio.run` 所使用的机制。 （由 " +"Andrew Svetlov 在 :gh:`91218` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:594 +msgid "" +"Added the :class:`~asyncio.Barrier` class to the synchronization primitives " +"in the asyncio library, and the related :exc:`~asyncio.BrokenBarrierError` " +"exception. (Contributed by Yves Duprat and Andrew Svetlov in :gh:`87518`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 asyncio 库中的同步化原语添加了 :class:`~asyncio.Barrier` 类，以及相应的 " +":exc:`~asyncio.BrokenBarrierError` 异常。 （由 Yves Duprat 和 Andrew Svetlov 在 " +":gh:`87518` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:599 +msgid "" +"Added keyword argument *all_errors* to " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_connection` so that multiple connection errors " +"can be raised as an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "" +"向 :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_connection` 添加了关键字参数 *all_errors* " +"以便可以将多个连接错误作为一个 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 来引发。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:602 +msgid "" +"Added the :meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.start_tls` method for upgrading " +"existing stream-based connections to TLS. (Contributed by Ian Good in " +":issue:`34975`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.start_tls` 方法用于将现有的基于流的连接升级为 TLS。 （由 Ian " +"Good 在 :issue:`34975` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:606 +msgid "" +"Added raw datagram socket functions to the event loop: " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_sendto`, :meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_recvfrom` and " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_recvfrom_into`. These have implementations in " +":class:`~asyncio.SelectorEventLoop` and :class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop`." +" (Contributed by Alex Grönholm in :issue:`46805`.)" +msgstr "" +"为事件循环添加了原始数据报套接字函数: :meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_sendto`, " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_recvfrom` 和 " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_recvfrom_into`。 这些函数在 " +":class:`~asyncio.SelectorEventLoop` 和 :class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop` " +"中均有实现。 （由 Alex Grönholm 在 :issue:`46805` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:614 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancelling` and :meth:`~asyncio.Task.uncancel` " +"methods to :class:`~asyncio.Task`. These are primarily intended for internal" +" use, notably by :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup`." +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`~asyncio.Task` 添加了 :meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancelling` 和 " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.uncancel` 方法。 它们主要供内部使用，特别是 " +":class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:623 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:625 +msgid "" +"Added non parallel-safe :func:`~contextlib.chdir` context manager to change " +"the current working directory and then restore it on exit. Simple wrapper " +"around :func:`~os.chdir`. (Contributed by Filipe Laíns in :issue:`25625`)" +msgstr "" +"增加了非并行安全的 :func:`~contextlib.chdir` 上下文管理器用来改变当前工作目录并在退出时恢复它。 是 " +":func:`~os.chdir` 的简单包装器。 （由 Filipe Laíns 在 :issue:`25625` 中贡献）)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:633 +msgid "dataclasses" +msgstr "dataclasses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:635 +msgid "" +"Change field default mutability check, allowing only defaults which are " +":term:`hashable` instead of any object which is not an instance of " +":class:`dict`, :class:`list` or :class:`set`. (Contributed by Eric V. Smith " +"in :issue:`44674`.)" +msgstr "" +"修改了字段默认的可变性检查，默认仅允许 :term:`hashable` 而非任何不为 :class:`dict`, :class:`list` 或 " +":class:`set` 实例的对象。 （由 Eric V. Smith 在 :issue:`44674` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:644 +msgid "datetime" +msgstr "datetime" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:646 +msgid "" +"Add :const:`datetime.UTC`, a convenience alias for " +":attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`. (Contributed by Kabir Kwatra in :gh:`91973`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :const:`datetime.UTC`，是 :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc` 的便捷别名。 （由 Kabir " +"Kwatra 在 :gh:`91973` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:649 +msgid "" +":meth:`datetime.date.fromisoformat`, :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` and" +" :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisoformat` can now be used to parse most ISO " +"8601 formats (barring only those that support fractional hours and minutes)." +" (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in :gh:`80010`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`datetime.date.fromisoformat`, :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` 和 " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisoformat` 现在可以被用来解析大多数 ISO 8601 " +"格式（除了那些支持分数小时和分钟的格式）。 （由 Paul Ganssle 在 :gh:`80010` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:658 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:660 +msgid "" +"Renamed :class:`!EnumMeta` to :class:`~enum.EnumType` (:class:`!EnumMeta` " +"kept as an alias)." +msgstr "" +"将 :class:`!EnumMeta` 重命名为 :class:`~enum.EnumType` (:class:`!EnumMeta` " +"作为别名保留)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:663 +msgid "" +"Added :class:`~enum.StrEnum`, with members that can be used as (and must be)" +" strings." +msgstr "增加了 :class:`~enum.StrEnum`，其成员可以（且必须）作为字符串使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:666 +msgid "" +"Added :class:`~enum.ReprEnum`, which only modifies the " +":meth:`~object.__repr__` of members while returning their literal values " +"(rather than names) for :meth:`~object.__str__` and " +":meth:`~object.__format__` (used by :func:`str`, :func:`format` and " +":term:`f-string`\\s)." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :class:`~enum.ReprEnum`，它只是在为 :meth:`~object.__str__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__format__` 方法（供 :func:`str`, :func:`format` 和 " +":term:`f-string` 使用）返回成员的字面值（而不是名称）时修改了它们的 :meth:`~object.__repr__`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:672 +msgid "" +"Changed :meth:`Enum.__format__() ` (the default for " +":func:`format`, :meth:`str.format` and :term:`f-string`\\s) to always " +"produce the same result as :meth:`Enum.__str__() `: for " +"enums inheriting from :class:`~enum.ReprEnum` it will be the member's value;" +" for all other enums it will be the enum and member name (e.g. " +"``Color.RED``)." +msgstr "" +"修改了 :meth:`Enum.__format__() ` (为 :func:`format`, " +":meth:`str.format` 和 :term:`f-string` 的默认值) 以便始终产生于 :meth:`Enum.__str__() " +"` 相同的结果：对于继承自 :class:`~enum.ReprEnum` " +"的枚举它将成为其成员的值；对于所有其他枚举它将为枚举和成员名称 (例如 ``Color.RED``)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:678 +msgid "" +"Added a new *boundary* class parameter to :class:`~enum.Flag` enums and the " +":class:`~enum.FlagBoundary` enum with its options, to control how to handle " +"out-of-range flag values." +msgstr "" +"将新的 *boundary* 类形参连同其选项添加到 :class:`~enum.Flag` 枚举和 " +":class:`~enum.FlagBoundary` 枚举中，以控制超范围旗标值的处理方式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:682 +msgid "" +"Added the :func:`~enum.verify` enum decorator and the " +":class:`~enum.EnumCheck` enum with its options, to check enum classes " +"against several specific constraints." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~enum.verify` 枚举装饰器和 :class:`~enum.EnumCheck` " +"枚举及其选项，以基于特定约束条件来检查枚举类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:686 +msgid "" +"Added the :func:`~enum.member` and :func:`~enum.nonmember` decorators, to " +"ensure the decorated object is/is not converted to an enum member." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~enum.member` 和 :func:`~enum.nonmember` " +"装饰器，用于确保被装饰的对象是/否会被转换为枚举成员。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:689 +msgid "" +"Added the :func:`~enum.property` decorator, which works like " +":func:`property` except for enums. Use this instead of " +":func:`types.DynamicClassAttribute`." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~enum.property` 装饰器，它类似于 :func:`property` 但是专门针对枚举。 请使用它来代替 " +":func:`types.DynamicClassAttribute`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:693 +msgid "" +"Added the :func:`~enum.global_enum` enum decorator, which adjusts " +":meth:`~object.__repr__` and :meth:`~object.__str__` to show values as " +"members of their module rather than the enum class. For example, " +"``'re.ASCII'`` for the :const:`~re.ASCII` member of :class:`re.RegexFlag` " +"rather than ``'RegexFlag.ASCII'``." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~enum.global_enum` 枚举装饰器，它会调整 :meth:`~object.__repr__` 和 " +":meth:`~object.__str__` 以将值显示为其模块的成员而不是枚举类的成员。 例如，``'re.ASCII'`` 是 " +":class:`re.RegexFlag` 的 :const:`~re.ASCII` 成员而不是 ``'RegexFlag.ASCII'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:699 +msgid "" +"Enhanced :class:`~enum.Flag` to support :func:`len`, iteration and " +":keyword:`in`/:keyword:`not in` on its members. For example, the following " +"now works: ``len(AFlag(3)) == 2 and list(AFlag(3)) == (AFlag.ONE, " +"AFlag.TWO)``" +msgstr "" +"增强了 :class:`~enum.Flag` 以支持针对其成员的 :func:`len`，迭代和 " +":keyword:`in`/:keyword:`not in`。 例如，现在可以使用下面的代码: ``len(AFlag(3)) == 2 and " +"list(AFlag(3)) == (AFlag.ONE, AFlag.TWO)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Changed :class:`~enum.Enum` and :class:`~enum.Flag` so that members are now " +"defined before :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` is called; :func:`dir` now " +"includes methods, etc., from mixed-in data types." +msgstr "" +"修改了 :class:`~enum.Enum` 和 :class:`~enum.Flag` 使得成员的定义是在 " +":meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` 被调用之前；:func:`dir` 现在将包括来自混入数据类型的方法等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:709 +msgid "" +"Changed :class:`~enum.Flag` to only consider primary values (power of two) " +"canonical while composite values (``3``, ``6``, ``10``, etc.) are considered" +" aliases; inverted flags are coerced to their positive equivalent." +msgstr "" +"将 :class:`~enum.Flag` 修改为只考虑规范的基本值（即二的乘方）而复合值（如 ``3``, ``6``, ``10`` " +"等）则被视为别名；逆向旗标将被强制转换为对应的正向旗标。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:718 +msgid "fcntl" +msgstr "fcntl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:720 +msgid "" +"On FreeBSD, the :data:`!F_DUP2FD` and :data:`!F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC` flags " +"respectively are supported, the former equals to ``dup2`` usage while the " +"latter set the ``FD_CLOEXEC`` flag in addition." +msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 上，:data:`!F_DUP2FD` 和 :data:`!F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC` 旗标分别受到支持，前者等价于 " +"``dup2`` 用法而后者额外设置了 ``FD_CLOEXEC`` 旗标。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:728 +msgid "fractions" +msgstr "fractions" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:730 +msgid "" +"Support :PEP:`515`-style initialization of :class:`~fractions.Fraction` from" +" string. (Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev in :issue:`44258`.)" +msgstr "" +"支持基于字符串执行 :PEP:`515` 网络的 :class:`~fractions.Fraction` 初始化。 （由 Sergey B " +"Kirpichev 在 :issue:`44258` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:733 +msgid "" +":class:`~fractions.Fraction` now implements an ``__int__`` method, so that " +"an ``isinstance(some_fraction, typing.SupportsInt)`` check passes. " +"(Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`44547`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~fractions.Fraction` 现在实现了一个 ``__int__`` 方法，因而 " +"``isinstance(some_fraction, typing.SupportsInt)`` 检测将会通过。 （由 Mark Dickinson " +"在 :issue:`44547` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:741 +msgid "functools" +msgstr "functools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:743 +msgid "" +":func:`functools.singledispatch` now supports :data:`types.UnionType` and " +":data:`typing.Union` as annotations to the dispatch argument.::" +msgstr "" +":func:`functools.singledispatch` 现在支持以 :data:`types.UnionType` 和 " +":data:`typing.Union` 作为 dispatch 参数的标注。::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:746 +msgid "" +">>> from functools import singledispatch\n" +">>> @singledispatch\n" +"... def fun(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Let me just say,\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: int | float, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Strength in numbers, eh?\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> from typing import Union\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: Union[list, set], verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)\n" +"..." +msgstr "" +">>> from functools import singledispatch\n" +">>> @singledispatch\n" +"... def fun(arg, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Let me just say,\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: int | float, verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Strength in numbers, eh?\", end=\" \")\n" +"... print(arg)\n" +"...\n" +">>> from typing import Union\n" +">>> @fun.register\n" +"... def _(arg: Union[list, set], verbose=False):\n" +"... if verbose:\n" +"... print(\"Enumerate this:\")\n" +"... for i, elem in enumerate(arg):\n" +"... print(i, elem)\n" +"..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:768 +msgid "(Contributed by Yurii Karabas in :issue:`46014`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yurii Karabas 在 :issue:`46014` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:774 +msgid "gzip" +msgstr "gzip" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:776 +msgid "" +"The :func:`gzip.compress` function is now faster when used with the " +"**mtime=0** argument as it delegates the compression entirely to a single " +":func:`zlib.compress` operation. There is one side effect of this change: " +"The gzip file header contains an \"OS\" byte in its header. That was " +"traditionally always set to a value of 255 representing \"unknown\" by the " +":mod:`gzip` module. Now, when using :func:`~gzip.compress` with **mtime=0**," +" it may be set to a different value by the underlying zlib C library Python " +"was linked against. (See :gh:`112346` for details on the side effect.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`gzip.compress` 函数当传入 **mtime=0** 参数时会更快速因为它把压缩任务完全委托给单独的 " +":func:`zlib.compress` 操作。 此项改变有一个附带影响：gzip 文件标头将在其标头中包含一个 \"OS\" 字节。 " +"在传统上它总是会被 :mod:`gzip` 模块设为代表 \"unknown\" 的值 255。 现在，当使用 " +":func:`~gzip.compress` 并传入 **mtime=0** 时，它可以被 Python 所链接的下层 zlib C 库设为不同的值。 " +"（请参阅 :gh:`112346` 了解此附带影响的详情。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:789 +msgid "hashlib" +msgstr "hashlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:791 +msgid "" +":func:`hashlib.blake2b` and :func:`hashlib.blake2s` now prefer `libb2`_ over" +" Python's vendored copy. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`47095`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`hashlib.blake2b` 和 :func:`hashlib.blake2s` 现在将优先使用 `libb2`_ 而不是 " +"Python 自带的副本。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`47095` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:795 +msgid "" +"The internal ``_sha3`` module with SHA3 and SHAKE algorithms now uses " +"*tiny_sha3* instead of the *Keccak Code Package* to reduce code and binary " +"size. The :mod:`hashlib` module prefers optimized SHA3 and SHAKE " +"implementations from OpenSSL. The change affects only installations without " +"OpenSSL support. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`47098`.)" +msgstr "" +"包含 SHA3 和 SHAKE 的内部 ``_sha3`` 模块现在会使用 *tiny_sha3* 而不是 *Keccak Code Package* " +"来减小代码和二进制文件的大小。 :mod:`hashlib` 模块将首选来自 OpenSSL 的优化版 SHA3 和 SHAKE 实现。 " +"这个改变将只影响不带 OpenSSL 支持的安装版。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`47098` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:802 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`hashlib.file_digest`, a helper function for efficient hashing of " +"files or file-like objects. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":gh:`89313`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`hashlib.file_digest`，一个针对文件或文件型对象高效哈希运算的辅助函数。 （由 Christian Heimes" +" 在 :gh:`89313` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:810 +msgid "IDLE and idlelib" +msgstr "IDLE 与 idlelib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:812 +msgid "" +"Apply syntax highlighting to ``.pyi`` files. (Contributed by Alex Waygood " +"and Terry Jan Reedy in :issue:`45447`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 ``.pyi`` 文件应用语法高亮。 （由 Alex Waygood 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`45447` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:815 +msgid "" +"Include prompts when saving Shell with inputs and outputs. (Contributed by " +"Terry Jan Reedy in :gh:`95191`.)" +msgstr "当附带输入和输出地保存 Shell 时将包括提示符。 （由 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :gh:`95191` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:822 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:824 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~inspect.getmembers_static` to return all members without " +"triggering dynamic lookup via the descriptor protocol. (Contributed by " +"Weipeng Hong in :issue:`30533`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~inspect.getmembers_static` 用于返回所有成员而不通过描述器协议触发动态查找。 （由 Weipeng " +"Hong 在 :issue:`30533` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:828 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~inspect.ismethodwrapper` for checking if the type of an object " +"is a :class:`~types.MethodWrapperType`. (Contributed by Hakan Çelik in " +":issue:`29418`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~inspect.ismethodwrapper` 用于检查某个对象的类型是否为 " +":class:`~types.MethodWrapperType`。 （由 Hakan Çelik 在 :issue:`29418` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:832 +msgid "" +"Change the frame-related functions in the :mod:`inspect` module to return " +"new :class:`~inspect.FrameInfo` and :class:`~inspect.Traceback` class " +"instances (backwards compatible with the previous :term:`named tuple`-like " +"interfaces) that includes the extended :pep:`657` position information (end " +"line number, column and end column). The affected functions are:" +msgstr "" +"修改了 :mod:`inspect` 模块中与帧相关的函数以返回新的 :class:`~inspect.FrameInfo` 和 " +":class:`~inspect.Traceback` 类实例（与之前的 :term:`named tuple` " +"风格的接口保持向下兼容），它们包括扩展的 :pep:`657` 位置信息（末尾行编号，列与结束列等）。 受影响的函数有:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:838 +msgid ":func:`inspect.getframeinfo`" +msgstr ":func:`inspect.getframeinfo`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:839 +msgid ":func:`inspect.getouterframes`" +msgstr ":func:`inspect.getouterframes`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:840 +msgid ":func:`inspect.getinnerframes`," +msgstr ":func:`inspect.getinnerframes`," + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:841 +msgid ":func:`inspect.stack`" +msgstr ":func:`inspect.stack`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:842 +msgid ":func:`inspect.trace`" +msgstr ":func:`inspect.trace`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:844 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`88116`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`88116` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:850 +msgid "locale" +msgstr "locale" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:852 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`locale.getencoding` to get the current locale encoding. It is " +"similar to ``locale.getpreferredencoding(False)`` but ignores the " +":ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`locale.getencoding` 以获取当前语言区域编码格式。 它类似于 " +"``locale.getpreferredencoding(False)`` 但会忽略 :ref:`Python UTF-8 模式 " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:860 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:862 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`~logging.getLevelNamesMapping` to return a mapping from logging" +" level names (e.g. ``'CRITICAL'``) to the values of their corresponding " +":ref:`levels` (e.g. ``50``, by default). (Contributed by Andrei Kulakovin in" +" :gh:`88024`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~logging.getLevelNamesMapping` 以返回一个从日志记录级别名称 (例如 ``'CRITICAL'``)" +" 到其对应 :ref:`levels` 值 (例如默认值 ``50``) 的映射。 （由 Andrei Kulakovin 在 :gh:`88024` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:867 +msgid "" +"Added a :meth:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.createSocket` method to " +":class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler`, to match " +":meth:`SocketHandler.createSocket() " +"`. It is called automatically " +"during handler initialization and when emitting an event, if there is no " +"active socket. (Contributed by Kirill Pinchuk in :gh:`88457`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` 增加了 " +":meth:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.createSocket` 方法以匹配 " +":meth:`SocketHandler.createSocket() " +"`。 " +"它将在处理器初始化期间以及发出事件时被自动调用，如果没有已激活的套接字的话。 （由 Kirill Pinchuk 在 :gh:`88457` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:879 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:881 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`math.exp2`: return 2 raised to the power of x. (Contributed by " +"Gideon Mitchell in :issue:`45917`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`math.exp2`: 返回 2 的 x 次幂。 （由 Gideon Mitchell 在 :issue:`45917` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:884 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`math.cbrt`: return the cube root of x. (Contributed by Ajith " +"Ramachandran in :issue:`44357`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`math.cbrt`: 返回 x 的立方根。 （由 Ajith Ramachandran 在 :issue:`44357` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:887 +msgid "" +"The behaviour of two :func:`math.pow` corner cases was changed, for " +"consistency with the IEEE 754 specification. The operations ``math.pow(0.0, " +"-math.inf)`` and ``math.pow(-0.0, -math.inf)`` now return ``inf``. " +"Previously they raised :exc:`ValueError`. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in " +":issue:`44339`.)" +msgstr "" +"两个 :func:`math.pow` 边界情况的行为已改变，以便与 IEEE 754 规范保持一致。 ``math.pow(0.0, " +"-math.inf)`` 和 ``math.pow(-0.0, -math.inf)`` 等运算现在将返回 ``inf``。 在此之前它们会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`44339` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:893 +msgid "" +"The :data:`math.nan` value is now always available. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`46917`.)" +msgstr "现在 :data:`math.nan` 值将总是可用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`46917` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:900 +msgid "operator" +msgstr "operator" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:902 +msgid "" +"A new function ``operator.call`` has been added, such that " +"``operator.call(obj, *args, **kwargs) == obj(*args, **kwargs)``. " +"(Contributed by Antony Lee in :issue:`44019`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了一个新函数 ``operator.call``，使得 ``operator.call(obj, *args, **kwargs) == " +"obj(*args, **kwargs)``。 （由 Antony Lee 在 :issue:`44019` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:910 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:912 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`os.urandom` now uses ``BCryptGenRandom()``, instead of " +"``CryptGenRandom()`` which is deprecated. (Contributed by Donghee Na in " +":issue:`44611`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`os.urandom` 现在将使用 ``BCryptGenRandom()``，而不是已被弃用的 " +"``CryptGenRandom()``。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`44611` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:920 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:922 +msgid "" +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` return only " +"directories if *pattern* ends with a pathname components separator: " +":data:`~os.sep` or :data:`~os.altsep`. (Contributed by Eisuke Kawasima in " +":issue:`22276` and :issue:`33392`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob` 和 :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` 在 *pattern* " +"以路径组件分隔符即 :data:`~os.sep` 或 :data:`~os.altsep` 结束时将只返回目录。 （由 Eisuke Kawasima" +" 在 :issue:`22276` 和 :issue:`33392` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:931 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:933 +msgid "" +"Atomic grouping (``(?>...)``) and possessive quantifiers (``*+``, ``++``, " +"``?+``, ``{m,n}+``) are now supported in regular expressions. (Contributed " +"by Jeffrey C. Jacobs and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`433030`.)" +msgstr "" +"正则表达式现已支持原子化分组 (``(?>...)``) 和占有型数量限定符 (``*+``, ``++``, ``?+``, ``{m,n}+``)。" +" （由 Jeffrey C. Jacobs 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`433030` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:941 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:943 +msgid "" +"Add optional parameter *dir_fd* in :func:`shutil.rmtree`. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`46245`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`shutil.rmtree` 中添加了可选形参 *dir_fd*。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`46245` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:950 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:952 +msgid "" +"Add CAN Socket support for NetBSD. (Contributed by Thomas Klausner in " +":issue:`30512`.)" +msgstr "为 NetBSD 添加了 CAN Socket 支持。 （由 Thomas Klausner 在 :issue:`30512` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:955 +msgid "" +":meth:`~socket.create_connection` has an option to raise, in case of failure" +" to connect, an :exc:`ExceptionGroup` containing all errors instead of only " +"raising the last error. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`29980`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.create_connection` 具有一个在连接失败的情况下引发包含所有错误而的 " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` 不是只引发最后的错误的选项。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :issue:`29980` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:964 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:966 +msgid "" +"You can now disable the authorizer by passing :const:`None` to " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`. (Contributed by Erlend E. " +"Aasland in :issue:`44491`.)" +msgstr "" +"你现在可以通过将 :const:`None` 传给 :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer` " +"来禁用身份验证。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`44491` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:970 +msgid "" +"Collation name :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_collation` can now contain " +"any Unicode character. Collation names with invalid characters now raise " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` instead of :exc:`sqlite3.ProgrammingError`. " +"(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`44688`.)" +msgstr "" +"排序名 :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_collation` 现在可以包含任意 Unicode 字符。 " +"带有无效字符的排序名现在将引发 :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` 而不是 " +":exc:`sqlite3.ProgrammingError`。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`44688` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:975 +msgid "" +":mod:`sqlite3` exceptions now include the SQLite extended error code as " +":attr:`~sqlite3.Error.sqlite_errorcode` and the SQLite error name as " +":attr:`~sqlite3.Error.sqlite_errorname`. (Contributed by Aviv Palivoda, " +"Daniel Shahaf, and Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`16379` and :issue:`24139`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`sqlite3` 异常包括以 :attr:`~sqlite3.Error.sqlite_errorcode` 代表的 SQLite " +"扩展错误码和以 :attr:`~sqlite3.Error.sqlite_errorname` 代表的 SQLite 错误名。 （由 Aviv " +"Palivoda, Daniel Shahaf 和 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`16379` 和 " +":issue:`24139` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:981 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.setlimit` and " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.getlimit` to :class:`sqlite3.Connection` for " +"setting and getting SQLite limits by connection basis. (Contributed by " +"Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`45243`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`sqlite3.Connection` 添加了 :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.setlimit` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.getlimit` 用于在连接上设置和获取 SQLite 限制。 （由 Erlend E. " +"Aasland 在 :issue:`45243` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:986 +msgid "" +":mod:`sqlite3` now sets :attr:`sqlite3.threadsafety` based on the default " +"threading mode the underlying SQLite library has been compiled with. " +"(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`45613`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`sqlite3` 会基于兼容底层 SQLite 库的默认线程模式来设置 :attr:`sqlite3.threadsafety`。 " +"（由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`45613` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:990 +msgid "" +":mod:`sqlite3` C callbacks now use unraisable exceptions if callback " +"tracebacks are enabled. Users can now register an :func:`unraisable hook " +"handler ` to improve their debug experience. " +"(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`45828`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`sqlite3` C 回调会在启用了回调回溯的情况下使用不可引发的异常。 用户现在可以注册 :func:`不可引发的钩子处理器 " +"` 来提升其调试体验。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`45828` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:996 +msgid "" +"Fetch across rollback no longer raises :exc:`~sqlite3.InterfaceError`. " +"Instead we leave it to the SQLite library to handle these cases. " +"(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`44092`.)" +msgstr "" +"跨回滚的获取不会再引发 :exc:`~sqlite3.InterfaceError`。 而是改为由 SQLite 库来处理这类情况。 （由 Erlend" +" E. Aasland 在 :issue:`44092` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1000 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.serialize` and " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.deserialize` to :class:`sqlite3.Connection` for " +"serializing and deserializing databases. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland " +"in :issue:`41930`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`sqlite3.Connection` 添加了 :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.serialize` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.deserialize` 用于序列化和反序列化数据库。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland " +"在 :issue:`41930` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1005 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_window_function` to " +":class:`sqlite3.Connection` for creating aggregate window functions. " +"(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`34916`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`sqlite3.Connection` 添加了 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_window_function` 用于创建聚合窗口函数。 （由 Erlend E. " +"Aasland 在 :issue:`34916` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.blobopen` to :class:`sqlite3.Connection`. " +":class:`sqlite3.Blob` allows incremental I/O operations on blobs. " +"(Contributed by Aviv Palivoda and Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`24905`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`sqlite3.Connection` 添加了 :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.blobopen`。 " +":class:`sqlite3.Blob` 允许对 blob 进行增量 I/O 操作。 （由 Aviv Palivoda 和 Erlend E. " +"Aasland 在 :issue:`24905` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1017 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1019 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`~string.Template.get_identifiers` and " +":meth:`~string.Template.is_valid` to :class:`string.Template`, which " +"respectively return all valid placeholders, and whether any invalid " +"placeholders are present. (Contributed by Ben Kehoe in :gh:`90465`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`string.Template` 添加了 :meth:`~string.Template.get_identifiers` 和 " +":meth:`~string.Template.is_valid`，它们分别返回全部的有效占位符，以及是否存在无效占位符。 （由 Ben Kehoe 在" +" :gh:`90465` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1029 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1031 +msgid "" +":func:`sys.exc_info` now derives the ``type`` and ``traceback`` fields from " +"the ``value`` (the exception instance), so when an exception is modified " +"while it is being handled, the changes are reflected in the results of " +"subsequent calls to :func:`!exc_info`. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in " +":issue:`45711`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.exc_info` 的 ``type`` 和 ``traceback`` 字段现在是派生自 ``value`` " +"(异常实例)，因此当一个异常在处理期间被修改时，其变化会在后续对 :func:`!exc_info` 的调用结果中反映出来。 （由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :issue:`45711` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1037 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`sys.exception` which returns the active exception instance " +"(equivalent to ``sys.exc_info()[1]``). (Contributed by Irit Katriel in " +":issue:`46328`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了返回激活的异常实例的 :func:`sys.exception` (等价于 ``sys.exc_info()[1]``)。 （由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :issue:`46328` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"Add the :data:`sys.flags.safe_path ` flag. (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :gh:`57684`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :data:`sys.flags.safe_path ` 旗标。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`57684` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1048 +msgid "sysconfig" +msgstr "sysconfig" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1050 +msgid "" +"Three new :ref:`installation schemes ` (*posix_venv*, " +"*nt_venv* and *venv*) were added and are used when Python creates new " +"virtual environments or when it is running from a virtual environment. The " +"first two schemes (*posix_venv* and *nt_venv*) are OS-specific for non-" +"Windows and Windows, the *venv* is essentially an alias to one of them " +"according to the OS Python runs on. This is useful for downstream " +"distributors who modify :func:`sysconfig.get_preferred_scheme`. Third party " +"code that creates new virtual environments should use the new *venv* " +"installation scheme to determine the paths, as does :mod:`venv`. " +"(Contributed by Miro Hrončok in :issue:`45413`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了三个新的 :ref:`安装方案 ` (*posix_venv*, *nt_venv* and " +"*venv*) 并将在 Python 创建新虚拟环境或从虚拟环境运行时使用。 前两个方案 (*posix_venv* 和 *nt_venv*) 是用于非" +" Windows 和 Windows 的 OS 专属方案，*venv* 实际上是根据 Python 运行所在的 OS 来确定的前两者之一。 这对于要修改" +" :func:`sysconfig.get_preferred_scheme` 的下游分发者来说很有用处。 创建新虚拟环境的第三方代码应当使用新的 " +"*venv* 安装方案来确定路径，就像 :mod:`venv` 所做的那样。 （由 Miro Hrončok 在 :issue:`45413` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1067 +msgid "tempfile" +msgstr "tempfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1069 +msgid "" +":class:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile` objects now fully implement the " +"methods of :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` or :class:`io.TextIOBase` (depending " +"on file mode). This lets them work correctly with APIs that expect file-like" +" objects, such as compression modules. (Contributed by Carey Metcalfe in " +":gh:`70363`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile` 对象现在完整实现了 :class:`io.BufferedIOBase`" +" 或 :class:`io.TextIOBase` 的方法（取决于具体文件模式）。 这使它们能正确地配合接受文件型对象的 API " +"工作，如压缩文件的模块。 （由 Carey Metcalfe 在 :gh:`70363` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1080 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"On Unix, if the ``sem_clockwait()`` function is available in the C library " +"(glibc 2.30 and newer), the :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire` method now uses " +"the monotonic clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`) for the timeout, rather " +"than using the system clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_REALTIME`), to not be " +"affected by system clock changes. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`41710`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，如果 ``sem_clockwait()`` 函数存在于 C 库中 (即glibc 2.30 及更新的版本)，则 " +":meth:`threading.Lock.acquire` 方法现在将使用单调时钟 (:const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`) " +"来计算超时，而不使用系统时钟 (:const:`time.CLOCK_REALTIME`)，以不受系统时钟修改的影响。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`41710` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1093 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"On Unix, :func:`time.sleep` now uses the ``clock_nanosleep()`` or " +"``nanosleep()`` function, if available, which has a resolution of 1 " +"nanosecond (10\\ :sup:`-9` seconds), rather than using ``select()`` which " +"has a resolution of 1 microsecond (10\\ :sup:`-6` seconds). (Contributed by " +"Benjamin Szőke and Victor Stinner in :issue:`21302`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，如果有可能，:func:`time.sleep` 现在将使用 ``clock_nanosleep()`` 或 " +"``nanosleep()`` 函数，其精度为 1 纳秒 (10\\ :sup:`-9` 秒)，而不是使用精度为 1 微秒 (10\\ " +":sup:`-6` 秒) 的 ``select()``。 （由 Benjamin Szőke 和 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`21302` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"On Windows 8.1 and newer, :func:`time.sleep` now uses a waitable timer based" +" on `high-resolution timers `_ which has a resolution of " +"100 nanoseconds (10\\ :sup:`-7` seconds). Previously, it had a resolution of" +" 1 millisecond (10\\ :sup:`-3` seconds). (Contributed by Benjamin Szőke, " +"Donghee Na, Eryk Sun and Victor Stinner in :issue:`21302` and " +":issue:`45429`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 8.1 或更新版本上，现在 :func:`time.sleep` 会使用一个基于 `高精度计时器 " +"`_ 的可等待计时器，其精度为 100 纳秒 (10\\ :sup:`-7` 秒)。 在之前版本中，其精度为 1 " +"毫秒 (10\\ :sup:`-3` 秒)。 （由 Benjamin Szőke, Donghee Na, Eryk Sun 和 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`21302` 和 :issue:`45429` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1112 +msgid "tkinter" +msgstr "tkinter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1114 +msgid "" +"Added method ``info_patchlevel()`` which returns the exact version of the " +"Tcl library as a named tuple similar to :data:`sys.version_info`. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91827`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了将 Tcl 库的准确版本号作为类似 :data:`sys.version_info` 的命名元组返回的方法 " +"``info_patchlevel()``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91827` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1122 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "traceback -- 回溯" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`traceback.StackSummary.format_frame_summary` to allow users to " +"override which frames appear in the traceback, and how they are formatted. " +"(Contributed by Ammar Askar in :issue:`44569`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`traceback.StackSummary.format_frame_summary` " +"以允许用户重载要在回溯中出现哪些帧，以及要如何格式化它们。 （由 Ammar Askar 在 :issue:`44569` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1129 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`traceback.TracebackException.print`, which prints the formatted " +":exc:`~traceback.TracebackException` instance to a file. (Contributed by " +"Irit Katriel in :issue:`33809`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`traceback.TracebackException.print`，该函数可将 " +":exc:`~traceback.TracebackException` 实例格式化打印到一个文件。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":issue:`33809` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1137 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1139 +msgid "For major changes, see :ref:`new-feat-related-type-hints-311`." +msgstr "主要的变化，请参阅 :ref:`new-feat-related-type-hints-311`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1141 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`typing.assert_never` and :class:`typing.Never`. " +":func:`typing.assert_never` is useful for asking a type checker to confirm " +"that a line of code is not reachable. At runtime, it raises an " +":exc:`AssertionError`. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`90633`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`typing.assert_never` 和 :class:`typing.Never`。 " +":func:`typing.assert_never` 适用于要求类型检查器确认某一行代码是不可达的。 在运行时，它会引发 " +":exc:`AssertionError`。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`90633` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`typing.reveal_type`. This is useful for asking a type checker " +"what type it has inferred for a given expression. At runtime it prints the " +"type of the received value. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`90572`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`typing.reveal_type`。 它适用于让类型检查器推理出给定表达式的类型。 在运行时它会打印所接收的值的类型。 （由 " +"Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`90572` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1152 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`typing.assert_type`. This is useful for asking a type checker to " +"confirm that the type it has inferred for a given expression matches the " +"given type. At runtime it simply returns the received value. (Contributed by" +" Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`90638`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`typing.assert_type`。 它适用于让类型检查器确认推理出的给定表达式的类型与给定的类型相匹配。 " +"在运行时它将简单地返回所接收的值。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`90638` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1157 +msgid "" +":data:`typing.TypedDict` types can now be generic. (Contributed by Samodya " +"Abeysiriwardane in :gh:`89026`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :data:`typing.TypedDict` 类型可以是泛型。 （由 Samodya Abeysiriwardane 在 " +":gh:`89026` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1160 +msgid "" +":class:`~typing.NamedTuple` types can now be generic. (Contributed by Serhiy" +" Storchaka in :issue:`43923`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` 类型可以是泛型。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`43923`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1163 +msgid "" +"Allow subclassing of :class:`typing.Any`. This is useful for avoiding type " +"checker errors related to highly dynamic class, such as mocks. (Contributed " +"by Shantanu Jain in :gh:`91154`.)" +msgstr "" +"允许 :class:`typing.Any` 子类化。 这适用于避免关联到高度动态类的类型检查器错误，例如 mock 类。 （由 Shantanu " +"Jain 在 :gh:`91154` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1167 +msgid "" +"The :func:`typing.final` decorator now sets the ``__final__`` attributed on " +"the decorated object. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`90500`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`typing.final` 装饰器可在被装饰的对象上设置 ``__final__`` 属性。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在" +" :gh:`90500` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1171 +msgid "" +"The :func:`typing.get_overloads` function can be used for introspecting the " +"overloads of a function. :func:`typing.clear_overloads` can be used to clear" +" all registered overloads of a function. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in " +":gh:`89263`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`typing.get_overloads` 函数可被用来内省一个函数的重载。 :func:`typing.clear_overloads`" +" 可被用来清理一个函数所有的重载。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`89263` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__init__` method of :class:`~typing.Protocol` subclasses " +"is now preserved. (Contributed by Adrian Garcia Badarasco in :gh:`88970`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~typing.Protocol` 子类的 :meth:`~object.__init__` 方法将被保留。 （由 Adrian " +"Garcia Badarasco 在 :gh:`88970` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1179 +msgid "" +"The representation of empty tuple types (``Tuple[()]``) is simplified. This " +"affects introspection, e.g. ``get_args(Tuple[()])`` now evaluates to ``()`` " +"instead of ``((),)``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91137`.)" +msgstr "" +"空元组类型 (``Tuple[()]``) 的表示形式已被简化。 这将影响内省操作，例如 ``get_args(Tuple[()])`` 现在将被求值为" +" ``()`` 而不是 ``((),)``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"Loosen runtime requirements for type annotations by removing the callable " +"check in the private ``typing._type_check`` function. (Contributed by " +"Gregory Beauregard in :gh:`90802`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过移除私有 ``typing._type_check`` 函数的回调检查放松了类型标注的运行时要求。 （由 Gregory Beauregard 在 " +":gh:`90802` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1188 +msgid "" +":func:`typing.get_type_hints` now supports evaluating strings as forward " +"references in :ref:`PEP 585 generic aliases `. " +"(Contributed by Niklas Rosenstein in :gh:`85542`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`typing.get_type_hints` 支持将字符串求值为 :ref:`PEP 585 泛型别名 ` 中的前向引用。 （由 Niklas Rosenstein 在 :gh:`85542` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1192 +msgid "" +":func:`typing.get_type_hints` no longer adds :data:`~typing.Optional` to " +"parameters with ``None`` as a default. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in " +":gh:`90353`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`typing.get_type_hints` 将不再添加 :data:`~typing.Optional` 到形参并以 ``None`` " +"作为默认值。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`90353` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1196 +msgid "" +":func:`typing.get_type_hints` now supports evaluating bare stringified " +":data:`~typing.ClassVar` annotations. (Contributed by Gregory Beauregard in " +":gh:`90711`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`typing.get_type_hints` 支持与纯字符串化的 :data:`~typing.ClassVar` 标注进行求值。 " +"（由 Gregory Beauregard 在 :gh:`90711` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1200 +msgid "" +":func:`typing.no_type_check` no longer modifies external classes and " +"functions. It also now correctly marks classmethods as not to be type " +"checked. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`90729`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`typing.no_type_check` 将不再修改外部类和函数。 现在它还会正确地将类方法标记为不进行类型检查。 （由 Nikita " +"Sobolev 在 :gh:`90729` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1208 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"The Unicode database has been updated to version 14.0.0. (Contributed by " +"Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`45190`)." +msgstr "Unicode 数据库已更新到 14.0.0 版。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 :issue:`45190` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1217 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"Added methods :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.enterContext` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.enterClassContext` of class " +":class:`~unittest.TestCase`, method " +":meth:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase.enterAsyncContext` of class " +":class:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` and function " +":func:`unittest.enterModuleContext`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`45046`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :class:`~unittest.TestCase` 类的 :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.enterContext` 和" +" :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.enterClassContext` " +"方法，:class:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` 类的 " +":meth:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase.enterAsyncContext` 方法和 " +":func:`unittest.enterModuleContext` 函数。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`45046`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1231 +msgid "venv" +msgstr "venv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"When new Python virtual environments are created, the *venv* :ref:`sysconfig" +" installation scheme ` is used to determine the paths " +"inside the environment. When Python runs in a virtual environment, the same " +"installation scheme is the default. That means that downstream distributors " +"can change the default sysconfig install scheme without changing behavior of" +" virtual environments. Third party code that also creates new virtual " +"environments should do the same. (Contributed by Miro Hrončok in " +":issue:`45413`.)" +msgstr "" +"当新的 Python 虚拟环境被创建时，将使用 *venv* :ref:`sysconfig 安装方案 ` " +"来确定环境内部的路径。 当 Python 在虚拟环境中运行时，同一个安装方案将被设为默认。 这意味着下游分发方可以修改默认的 sysconfig " +"安装方案而不会改变虚拟环境的行为。 同样会创建新的虚拟环境的第三方代码也应当这样做。 （由 Miro Hrončok 在 :issue:`45413` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1247 +msgid "warnings" +msgstr "warnings" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1249 +msgid "" +":func:`warnings.catch_warnings` now accepts arguments for " +":func:`warnings.simplefilter`, providing a more concise way to locally " +"ignore warnings or convert them to errors. (Contributed by Zac Hatfield-" +"Dodds in :issue:`47074`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`warnings.catch_warnings` 现在接受 :func:`warnings.simplefilter` " +"的参数，这提供了一种在局部忽略警告或将其转为错误的更精确方式。 （由 Zac Hatfield-Dodds 在 :issue:`47074` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1257 +msgid "zipfile" +msgstr "zipfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1259 +msgid "" +"Added support for specifying member name encoding for reading metadata in a " +":class:`~zipfile.ZipFile`'s directory and file headers. (Contributed by " +"Stephen J. Turnbull and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28080`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了为在 :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` 的目录和文件头中读取元数据指定成员名称编码格式的支持。 （由 Stephen J. " +"Turnbull 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`28080` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1263 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`ZipFile.mkdir() ` for creating new " +"directories inside ZIP archives. (Contributed by Sam Ezeh in :gh:`49083`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`ZipFile.mkdir() ` 用于在 ZIP 归档中新建目录。 （由 Sam " +"Ezeh 在 :gh:`49083` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Added :attr:`~zipfile.Path.stem`, :attr:`~zipfile.Path.suffix` and " +":attr:`~zipfile.Path.suffixes` to :class:`zipfile.Path`. (Contributed by " +"Miguel Brito in :gh:`88261`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`zipfile.Path` 增加了 :attr:`~zipfile.Path.stem`, " +":attr:`~zipfile.Path.suffix` 和 :attr:`~zipfile.Path.suffixes`。 （由 Miguel " +"Brito 在 :gh:`88261` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1275 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1277 +msgid "" +"This section covers specific optimizations independent of the " +":ref:`whatsnew311-faster-cpython` project, which is covered in its own " +"section." +msgstr "本节列出的特定优化均不依赖于 :ref:`whatsnew311-faster-cpython` 项目，后者将在其专属章节中列出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"The compiler now optimizes simple :ref:`printf-style % formatting ` on string literals containing only the format codes " +"``%s``, ``%r`` and ``%a`` and makes it as fast as a corresponding " +":term:`f-string` expression. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`28307`.)" +msgstr "" +"编译器现在将优化只包含格式代码 ``%s``, ``%r`` 和 ``%a`` 的字符串字面值中的简单 :ref:`printf 风格 % 格式化 " +"` 并使其速度与对应的 :term:`f-string` 表达式一样快。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`28307` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"Integer division (``//``) is better tuned for optimization by compilers. It " +"is now around 20% faster on x86-64 when dividing an :class:`int` by a value " +"smaller than ``2**30``. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith and Tim Peters in " +":gh:`90564`.)" +msgstr "" +"整除运算 (``//``) 已进行了更好的编译器微调。 在 x86-64 上现在将 :class:`int` 除以小于 ``2**30`` " +"的值时能够提速 20%。 （由 Gregory P. Smith 和 Tim Peters 在 :gh:`90564` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1291 +msgid "" +":func:`sum` is now nearly 30% faster for integers smaller than ``2**30``. " +"(Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :gh:`68264`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`sum` 现在对小于 ``2**30`` 的整数运算可提速将近 30%。 （由 Stefan Behnel 在 :gh:`68264` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1294 +msgid "" +"Resizing lists is streamlined for the common case, speeding up " +":meth:`list.append` by ≈15% and simple :term:`list comprehension`\\s by up " +"to 20-30% (Contributed by Dennis Sweeney in :gh:`91165`.)" +msgstr "" +"列表大小调整针对常见场景进行了优化，对于 :meth:`list.append` 可提速 ≈15% 而对于简单的 :term:`list " +"comprehension` 可提速 20-30%。 （由 Dennis Sweeney 在 :gh:`91165` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1299 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries don't store hash values when all keys are Unicode objects, " +"decreasing :class:`dict` size. For example, " +"``sys.getsizeof(dict.fromkeys(\"abcdefg\"))`` is reduced from 352 bytes to " +"272 bytes (23% smaller) on 64-bit platforms. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`46845`.)" +msgstr "" +"字典在所有键均为 Unicode 对象时将不保存哈希值，以缩减 :class:`dict` 的大小。 " +"例如，``sys.getsizeof(dict.fromkeys(\"abcdefg\"))`` 在 64 位平台上将从 352 字节缩减为 272 " +"字节（减小 23%）。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`46845` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1305 +msgid "" +"Using :class:`asyncio.DatagramProtocol` is now orders of magnitude faster " +"when transferring large files over UDP, with speeds over 100 times higher " +"for a ≈60 MiB file. (Contributed by msoxzw in :gh:`91487`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在使用 :class:`asyncio.DatagramProtocol` 通过 UDP 传输大文件时速度将有成数量级的提升，对于 ≈60 MiB " +"的文件将可提速 100 倍以上。 （由 msoxzw 在 :gh:`91487` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1310 +msgid "" +":mod:`math` functions :func:`~math.comb` and :func:`~math.perm` are now ≈10 " +"times faster for large arguments (with a larger speedup for larger *k*). " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`37295`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`math` 中的函数 :func:`~math.comb` 和 :func:`~math.perm` 对于大参数可提速 ≈10 " +"倍（对于越大的 *k* 值提速幅度越大）。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`37295` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`statistics` functions :func:`~statistics.mean`, " +":func:`~statistics.variance` and :func:`~statistics.stdev` now consume " +"iterators in one pass rather than converting them to a :class:`list` first. " +"This is twice as fast and can save substantial memory. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`90415`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`statistics` 中的函数 :func:`~statistics.mean`, " +":func:`~statistics.variance` 和 :func:`~statistics.stdev` 将会直接消耗迭代器而不是先将它们转换为" +" :class:`list`。 这将使速度翻倍并能节省大量内存。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`90415` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1320 +msgid "" +":func:`unicodedata.normalize` now normalizes pure-ASCII strings in constant " +"time. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`44987`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`unicodedata.normalize` 将在固定时间内正规化纯 ASCII 字符串。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`44987` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1328 +msgid "Faster CPython" +msgstr "更快的 CPython" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"CPython 3.11 is an average of `25% faster `_ than CPython 3.10 as measured with the " +"`pyperformance `_ benchmark suite, " +"when compiled with GCC on Ubuntu Linux. Depending on your workload, the " +"overall speedup could be 10-60%." +msgstr "" +"平均而言 CPython 3.11 比 CPython 3.10 `快 25% `_，该数据是用 `pyperformance " +"`_ 基准测试套件测得的，基于 Ubuntu Linux 上的 GCC" +" 编译版。 根据工作负载的不同，总的提速效果可达 10-60%。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1337 +msgid "" +"This project focuses on two major areas in Python: :ref:`whatsnew311-faster-" +"startup` and :ref:`whatsnew311-faster-runtime`. Optimizations not covered by" +" this project are listed separately under :ref:`whatsnew311-optimizations`." +msgstr "" +"本项目聚焦于 Python 的两个主要领域: :ref:`whatsnew311-faster-startup` 和 " +":ref:`whatsnew311-faster-runtime`。 本项目未涉及的优化将在 " +":ref:`whatsnew311-optimizations` 中单独列出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1346 +msgid "Faster Startup" +msgstr "更快的启动" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1351 +msgid "Frozen imports / Static code objects" +msgstr "冻结导入 / 静态代码对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1353 +msgid "" +"Python caches :term:`bytecode` in the :ref:`__pycache__ ` " +"directory to speed up module loading." +msgstr "" +"Python 会将 :term:`bytecode` 缓存到 :ref:`__pycache__ ` " +"目录以加快模型加载的速度。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1356 +msgid "Previously in 3.10, Python module execution looked like this:" +msgstr "在 3.10 版本时，Python 模块执行类似于这样：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1358 +msgid "" +"Read __pycache__ -> Unmarshal -> Heap allocated code object -> Evaluate" +msgstr "读取 __pycache__ -> 反 marshal -> 堆分配的代码对象 -> 求值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.11, the core modules essential for Python startup are " +"\"frozen\". This means that their :ref:`codeobjects` (and bytecode) are " +"statically allocated by the interpreter. This reduces the steps in module " +"execution process to:" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.11 中，对 Python 启动具有关键影响的核心模块已被“冻结”。 这意味着它们的 :ref:`codeobjects` " +"(及字节码) 将由解释器静态地分配。 这使得模块执行过程的步骤减少为:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1367 +msgid "Statically allocated code object -> Evaluate" +msgstr "静态分配的代码对象 -> 求值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"Interpreter startup is now 10-15% faster in Python 3.11. This has a big " +"impact for short-running programs using Python." +msgstr "现在 Python 3.11 解释器启动加快了 10-15%。 这对使用 Python 的短期运行程序具有显著的影响。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1374 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Eric Snow, Guido van Rossum and Kumar Aditya in many " +"issues.)" +msgstr "（由 Eric Snow, Guido van Rossum 和 Kumar Aditya 在许多问题事件中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1380 +msgid "Faster Runtime" +msgstr "更快的运行时" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1385 +msgid "Cheaper, lazy Python frames" +msgstr "开销更低、更为惰性的 Python 帧" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1387 +msgid "" +"Python frames, holding execution information, are created whenever Python " +"calls a Python function. The following are new frame optimizations:" +msgstr "存放执行信息的 Python 帧会在 Python 调用一个 Python 函数时被自动创建。 下面是新帧的优化操作:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1391 +msgid "Streamlined the frame creation process." +msgstr "优化改进了帧创建进程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1392 +msgid "" +"Avoided memory allocation by generously re-using frame space on the C stack." +msgstr "通过大量重用 C 栈上的帧空间来避免内存分配。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"Streamlined the internal frame struct to contain only essential information." +" Frames previously held extra debugging and memory management information." +msgstr "将内部帧结构优化为仅包含关键信息。 在此之前的帧保存有额外的调试和内存管理信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1396 +msgid "" +"Old-style :ref:`frame objects ` are now created only when " +"requested by debuggers or by Python introspection functions such as " +":func:`sys._getframe` and :func:`inspect.currentframe`. For most user code, " +"no frame objects are created at all. As a result, nearly all Python " +"functions calls have sped up significantly. We measured a 3-7% speedup in " +"pyperformance." +msgstr "" +"现在旧式的 :ref:`帧对象 ` 仅在调试器或 Python 内省函数如 :func:`sys._getframe` 和" +" :func:`inspect.currentframe` 发出请求时才会被创建。 对于大多数用户代码，将不会创建任何帧对象。 因此，几乎所有 " +"Python 函数调用都有显著的提速。 我们在 pyperformance 中测得了 3-7% 的提速。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1403 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :issue:`44590`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Shannon 在 :issue:`44590` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1410 +msgid "Inlined Python function calls" +msgstr "内联的 Python 函数调用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1412 +msgid "" +"During a Python function call, Python will call an evaluating C function to " +"interpret that function's code. This effectively limits pure Python " +"recursion to what's safe for the C stack." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 函数调用期间，Python 将调用一个评测 C 函数来解读该函数的代码。 这会有效地将纯 Python 递归限制在 C " +"栈的安全范围以内。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1416 +msgid "" +"In 3.11, when CPython detects Python code calling another Python function, " +"it sets up a new frame, and \"jumps\" to the new code inside the new frame. " +"This avoids calling the C interpreting function altogether." +msgstr "" +"在 3.11 中，当 CPython 检测到 Python 代码调用了另一个 Python 函数时，它会设置一个新帧，并“跳转”到新帧内部的新代码。 " +"这可以避免全部调用 C 解析函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1420 +msgid "" +"Most Python function calls now consume no C stack space, speeding them up. " +"In simple recursive functions like fibonacci or factorial, we observed a " +"1.7x speedup. This also means recursive functions can recurse significantly " +"deeper (if the user increases the recursion limit with " +":func:`sys.setrecursionlimit`). We measured a 1-3% improvement in " +"pyperformance." +msgstr "" +"大多数 Python 函数调用现在将不消耗任何 C 栈空间，这提升了它们的速度。 在简单的递归函数如斐波那契或阶乘函数中，我们测得了 1.7x 的提速。" +" 这还意味着递归函数能够递归得更深（如果用户通过 :func:`sys.setrecursionlimit` 提升了递归限制的话）。 我们在 " +"pyperformance 中测得了 1-3% 的提升。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1427 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo and Mark Shannon in :issue:`45256`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 和 Mark Shannon 在 :issue:`45256` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1433 +msgid "PEP 659: Specializing Adaptive Interpreter" +msgstr "PEP 659：专门化自适应解释器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1435 +msgid "" +":pep:`659` is one of the key parts of the Faster CPython project. The " +"general idea is that while Python is a dynamic language, most code has " +"regions where objects and types rarely change. This concept is known as " +"*type stability*." +msgstr "" +":pep:`659` 是 Faster CPython 项目的关键部分之一。 基本理念在于虽然 Python " +"是一种动态语言，但大部分代码都存在对象和类型极少发生变化的区域。 这一理念被称为 *类型稳定性*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1439 +msgid "" +"At runtime, Python will try to look for common patterns and type stability " +"in the executing code. Python will then replace the current operation with a" +" more specialized one. This specialized operation uses fast paths available " +"only to those use cases/types, which generally outperform their generic " +"counterparts. This also brings in another concept called *inline caching*, " +"where Python caches the results of expensive operations directly in the " +":term:`bytecode`." +msgstr "" +"在运行时，Python 将尝试在所执行的代码中寻找常见模式和类型稳定性。 然后 Python 将把当前的操作替换为更加专门化的操作。 " +"这种专门化的操作使用仅对这些应用场景/类型来说可用的快速路径，它们的性能通常都会超过其泛用型的对应物。 这还带来了名为 *内联缓存* 的另一项理念，即 " +"Python 会将高消耗的操作的结果直接缓存在 :term:`bytecode` 中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"The specializer will also combine certain common instruction pairs into one " +"superinstruction, reducing the overhead during execution." +msgstr "这个特化程序还会将特定的常见指令对合并为一条超级指令，减少执行期间的开销。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1450 +msgid "" +"Python will only specialize when it sees code that is \"hot\" (executed " +"multiple times). This prevents Python from wasting time on run-once code. " +"Python can also de-specialize when code is too dynamic or when the use " +"changes. Specialization is attempted periodically, and specialization " +"attempts are not too expensive, allowing specialization to adapt to new " +"circumstances." +msgstr "" +"Python 将只特化（会被多次执行的）“热门”代码。 这可以防止 Python 在只执行一次的代码上浪费时间。 Python " +"还可以在代码过于动态或用法发生变化时取消特化。 特化会定期地尝试，而特化尝试的开销也不高，这使得特化能够适应新的环境改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1457 +msgid "" +"(PEP written by Mark Shannon, with ideas inspired by Stefan Brunthaler. See " +":pep:`659` for more information. Implementation by Mark Shannon and Brandt " +"Bucher, with additional help from Irit Katriel and Dennis Sweeney.)" +msgstr "" +"（PEP 由 Mark Shannon 撰写，部分想法由 Stefan Brunthaler 提供。 请参阅 :pep:`659` 了解详情。 由 " +"Mark Shannon 和 Brandt Bucher 实现，并由 Irit Katriel 和 Dennis Sweeney 提供了额外的帮助。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1465 +msgid "Operation" +msgstr "运算" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1465 +msgid "Form" +msgstr "形式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1465 +msgid "Specialization" +msgstr "专门化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1465 +msgid "Operation speedup (up to)" +msgstr "运行加速（最高）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1465 +msgid "Contributor(s)" +msgstr "贡献者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1468 +msgid "Binary operations" +msgstr "双目运算" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1468 +msgid "``x + x``" +msgstr "``x + x``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1470 +msgid "``x - x``" +msgstr "``x - x``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1472 +msgid "``x * x``" +msgstr "``x * x``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"Binary add, multiply and subtract for common types such as :class:`int`, " +":class:`float` and :class:`str` take custom fast paths for their underlying " +"types." +msgstr "" +"常见类型如 :class:`int`, :class:`float` 和 :class:`str` " +"的双目加法、乘法和减法将采用针对其下层类型专门定制的快速路径。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1468 +msgid "10%" +msgstr "10%" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1468 +msgid "Mark Shannon, Donghee Na, Brandt Bucher, Dennis Sweeney" +msgstr "Mark Shannon, Donghee Na, Brandt Bucher, Dennis Sweeney" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1474 +msgid "Subscript" +msgstr "下标" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1474 +msgid "``a[i]``" +msgstr "``a[i]``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1474 +msgid "" +"Subscripting container types such as :class:`list`, :class:`tuple` and " +":class:`dict` directly index the underlying data structures." +msgstr "" +"对容器类型如 :class:`list`, :class:`tuple` 和 :class:`dict` 的下标操作将直接索引下层数据结构。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1478 +msgid "" +"Subscripting custom :meth:`~object.__getitem__` is also inlined similar to " +":ref:`inline-calls`." +msgstr "" +"对自定义 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 的下标操作也是采用类似于 :ref:`inline-calls` 的内联方式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1474 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1481 +msgid "10-25%" +msgstr "10-25%" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1474 +msgid "Irit Katriel, Mark Shannon" +msgstr "Irit Katriel, Mark Shannon" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1481 +msgid "Store subscript" +msgstr "存储下标操作" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1481 +msgid "``a[i] = z``" +msgstr "``a[i] = z``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1481 +msgid "Similar to subscripting specialization above." +msgstr "类似于上述的下标操作专门化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1481 +msgid "Dennis Sweeney" +msgstr "Dennis Sweeney" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1484 +msgid "Calls" +msgstr "调用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1484 +msgid "``f(arg)``" +msgstr "``f(arg)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1486 +msgid "``C(arg)``" +msgstr "``C(arg)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1484 +msgid "" +"Calls to common builtin (C) functions and types such as :func:`len` and " +":class:`str` directly call their underlying C version. This avoids going " +"through the internal calling convention." +msgstr "" +"对常用内置 (C) 函数和类型如 :func:`len` 和 :class:`str` 的调用将直接调用其下层 C 版本。 这将避免经历内部调用流程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1484 +msgid "20%" +msgstr "20%" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1484 +msgid "Mark Shannon, Ken Jin" +msgstr "Mark Shannon, Ken Jin" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1489 +msgid "Load global variable" +msgstr "加载全局变量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1489 +msgid "``print``" +msgstr "``print``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1491 +msgid "``len``" +msgstr "``len``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"The object's index in the globals/builtins namespace is cached. Loading " +"globals and builtins require zero namespace lookups." +msgstr "对象在全局/内置命名空间中的索引会被缓存。 加载全局和内置变量将不需要命名空间查找过程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1489 +msgid "[#load-global]_" +msgstr "[#load-global]_" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1489 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1493 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1502 +msgid "Mark Shannon" +msgstr "Mark Shannon" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1493 +msgid "Load attribute" +msgstr "加载属性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1493 +msgid "``o.attr``" +msgstr "``o.attr``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1493 +msgid "" +"Similar to loading global variables. The attribute's index inside the " +"class/object's namespace is cached. In most cases, attribute loading will " +"require zero namespace lookups." +msgstr "类似于加载全局变量。 属性在类/对象命名空间中的索引会被缓存。 在大多数情况下，加载属性将不需要命名空间查找过程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1493 +msgid "[#load-attr]_" +msgstr "[#load-attr]_" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1498 +msgid "Load methods for call" +msgstr "加载要调用的方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1498 +msgid "``o.meth()``" +msgstr "``o.meth()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1498 +msgid "" +"The actual address of the method is cached. Method loading now has no " +"namespace lookups -- even for classes with long inheritance chains." +msgstr "方法的实际地址会被缓存。 加载方法现在将不需要命名空间查找过程 -- 即使对于具有较长继承链的类来说也是如此。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1498 +msgid "10-20%" +msgstr "10-20%" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1498 +msgid "Ken Jin, Mark Shannon" +msgstr "Ken Jin, Mark Shannon" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1502 +msgid "Store attribute" +msgstr "存储属性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1502 +msgid "``o.attr = z``" +msgstr "``o.attr = z``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1502 +msgid "Similar to load attribute optimization." +msgstr "类似于加载属性的优化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1502 +msgid "2% in pyperformance" +msgstr "2% 的运行效率" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1505 +msgid "Unpack Sequence" +msgstr "解包序列" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1505 +msgid "``*seq``" +msgstr "``*seq``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1505 +msgid "" +"Specialized for common containers such as :class:`list` and :class:`tuple`. " +"Avoids internal calling convention." +msgstr "针对常见容器如 :class:`list` 和 :class:`tuple` 进行了专门化。 避免内部调用流程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1505 +msgid "8%" +msgstr "8%" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1505 +msgid "Brandt Bucher" +msgstr "Brandt Bucher" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1510 +msgid "" +"A similar optimization already existed since Python 3.8. 3.11 specializes " +"for more forms and reduces some overhead." +msgstr "类似的优化自 Python 3.8 起即已存在。 3.11 针对更多形式进行了专门化并减少了部分开销。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"A similar optimization already existed since Python 3.10. 3.11 specializes " +"for more forms. Furthermore, all attribute loads should be sped up by " +":issue:`45947`." +msgstr "" +"类似的优化自 Python 3.10 起即已存在。 3.11 针对更多形式进行了专门化。 此外，所有属性加载都应当通过 :issue:`45947` " +"获得了加速。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1521 +msgid "Misc" +msgstr "杂项" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1523 +msgid "" +"Objects now require less memory due to lazily created object namespaces. " +"Their namespace dictionaries now also share keys more freely. (Contributed " +"Mark Shannon in :issue:`45340` and :issue:`40116`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在由于惰性创建的对象命名空间对象需要的内存将会减少。 它们的命名空间现在还将更自由地共享键。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 " +":issue:`45340` 和 :issue:`40116` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1527 +msgid "" +"\"Zero-cost\" exceptions are implemented, eliminating the cost of " +":keyword:`try` statements when no exception is raised. (Contributed by Mark " +"Shannon in :issue:`40222`.)" +msgstr "" +"实现了“零消耗”的异常，可在未引发任何异常时消除 :keyword:`try` 语句的开销。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 " +":issue:`40222` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1531 +msgid "" +"A more concise representation of exceptions in the interpreter reduced the " +"time required for catching an exception by about 10%. (Contributed by Irit " +"Katriel in :issue:`45711`.)" +msgstr "" +"解释器中更为简洁的异常表示形式使得捕获异常所需的时间减少了大约 10%。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :issue:`45711` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1535 +msgid "" +":mod:`re`'s regular expression matching engine has been partially " +"refactored, and now uses computed gotos (or \"threaded code\") on supported " +"platforms. As a result, Python 3.11 executes the `pyperformance regular " +"expression benchmarks " +"`_ up to 10%" +" faster than Python 3.10. (Contributed by Brandt Bucher in :gh:`91404`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`re` 的正则表达式匹配引擎已被部分重构，现在会在受支持的平台上使用已计算的 goto（或“线程式代码”）。 因此，Python 3.11 " +"执行 `pyperformance 正则表达式基准测试 " +"`_ 相比 Python" +" 3.10 提速了 10%。 （由 Brandt Bucher 在 :gh:`91404` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1546 +msgid "FAQ" +msgstr "常见问题" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1551 +msgid "How should I write my code to utilize these speedups?" +msgstr "我要如何编写代码以便应用这些加速？" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1553 +msgid "" +"Write Pythonic code that follows common best practices; you don't have to " +"change your code. The Faster CPython project optimizes for common code " +"patterns we observe." +msgstr "" +"请编写遵循常见最佳实践的具有 Python 风格的代码；你不需要修改你的代码。 CPython 加速计划会针对我们观察到的常见代码模式进行优化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1561 +msgid "Will CPython 3.11 use more memory?" +msgstr "CPython 3.11 会使用更多内存吗？" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"Maybe not; we don't expect memory use to exceed 20% higher than 3.10. This " +"is offset by memory optimizations for frame objects and object dictionaries " +"as mentioned above." +msgstr "可能不会；我们预期内存占用的增加相比 3.10 不会超过 20%。 这是通过上文提及的帧对象和对象字典内存优化来平衡的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1571 +msgid "I don't see any speedups in my workload. Why?" +msgstr "我没有发现我的运行负载有任何加速。 为什么？" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1573 +msgid "" +"Certain code won't have noticeable benefits. If your code spends most of its" +" time on I/O operations, or already does most of its computation in a C " +"extension library like NumPy, there won't be significant speedups. This " +"project currently benefits pure-Python workloads the most." +msgstr "" +"特定代码将不会有明显的收益。 如果你的代码大部时间消耗在 I/O 操作上，或者像 NumPy 那样大部分计算是在 C 扩展库中进行的就将如此。 " +"目前这个项目将只针对纯 Python 的运行负载。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1578 +msgid "" +"Furthermore, the pyperformance figures are a geometric mean. Even within the" +" pyperformance benchmarks, certain benchmarks have slowed down slightly, " +"while others have sped up by nearly 2x!" +msgstr "" +"此外，pyperformance 分数是一个几何平均值。 即使在 pyperformance " +"基准测试内部，特定的基准测试也略有放缓，但其他的基准测试则有将近 2x 的加速！" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1586 +msgid "Is there a JIT compiler?" +msgstr "是否有 JIT 编译器？" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1588 +msgid "No. We're still exploring other optimizations." +msgstr "没有。 我们还在探索其他优化方式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1594 +msgid "About" +msgstr "关于" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"Faster CPython explores optimizations for :term:`CPython`. The main team is " +"funded by Microsoft to work on this full-time. Pablo Galindo Salgado is also" +" funded by Bloomberg LP to work on the project part-time. Finally, many " +"contributors are volunteers from the community." +msgstr "" +"CPython 加速项目探索针对 :term:`CPython` 的优化。 项目主团队由 Microsoft 提供资助来支持全职工作。 Pablo " +"Galindo Salgado 还由 Bloomberg LP 提供资助来兼职该项目。 此外，还有许多贡献者是来自社区的志愿者。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1605 +msgid "CPython bytecode changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1607 +msgid "" +"The bytecode now contains inline cache entries, which take the form of the " +"newly-added :opcode:`CACHE` instructions. Many opcodes expect to be followed" +" by an exact number of caches, and instruct the interpreter to skip over " +"them at runtime. Populated caches can look like arbitrary instructions, so " +"great care should be taken when reading or modifying raw, adaptive bytecode " +"containing quickened data." +msgstr "" +"字节码现在包含内联缓存条目，它采用新增的 :opcode:`CACHE` 指令形式。 许多操作码都预期带有确切数量的缓存，并指示解释器在运行时跳过它们。" +" 被填充的缓存看起来可以像是任意指令，因此在读取或修改包含加速的数据的原始自适应字节码时应当格外小心。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1619 +msgid "New opcodes" +msgstr "新的操作码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1621 +msgid "" +":opcode:`!ASYNC_GEN_WRAP`, :opcode:`RETURN_GENERATOR` and :opcode:`SEND`, " +"used in generators and co-routines." +msgstr "" +":opcode:`!ASYNC_GEN_WRAP`, :opcode:`RETURN_GENERATOR` 和 " +":opcode:`SEND`，用于生成器和协程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1624 +msgid "" +":opcode:`COPY_FREE_VARS`, which avoids needing special caller-side code for " +"closures." +msgstr ":opcode:`COPY_FREE_VARS`，这可以避免需要特别的调用方代码来关闭。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1627 +msgid "" +":opcode:`JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT`, for use in certain loops where " +"handling interrupts is undesirable." +msgstr ":opcode:`JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT`，用于某些不希望处理中断的循环。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1630 +msgid ":opcode:`MAKE_CELL`, to create :ref:`cell-objects`." +msgstr ":opcode:`MAKE_CELL`，用于创建 :ref:`cell-objects`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1632 +msgid "" +":opcode:`CHECK_EG_MATCH` and :opcode:`!PREP_RERAISE_STAR`, to handle the " +":ref:`new exception groups and except* ` added in " +":pep:`654`." +msgstr "" +":opcode:`CHECK_EG_MATCH` 和 :opcode:`!PREP_RERAISE_STAR`，用于处理在 :pep:`654` " +"中增加的 :ref:`新异常组和 except* `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1636 +msgid ":opcode:`PUSH_EXC_INFO`, for use in exception handlers." +msgstr ":opcode:`PUSH_EXC_INFO`，用于异常处理器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1638 +msgid "" +":opcode:`RESUME`, a no-op, for internal tracing, debugging and optimization " +"checks." +msgstr ":opcode:`RESUME`，空操作，用于内部追踪、调试和优化检查。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1645 +msgid "Replaced opcodes" +msgstr "被替换的操作码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1648 +msgid "Replaced Opcode(s)" +msgstr "被替换的操作码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1648 +msgid "New Opcode(s)" +msgstr "新增的操作码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1648 +msgid "Notes" +msgstr "备注" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!BINARY_*`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!BINARY_*`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!INPLACE_*`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!INPLACE_*`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1650 +msgid ":opcode:`BINARY_OP`" +msgstr ":opcode:`BINARY_OP`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1650 +msgid "Replaced all numeric binary/in-place opcodes with a single opcode" +msgstr "用单个操作码替换所有数值类双目/原地操作码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION_KW`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION_KW`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!CALL_METHOD`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!CALL_METHOD`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`CALL`" +msgstr ":opcode:`CALL`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!KW_NAMES`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!KW_NAMES`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!PRECALL`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!PRECALL`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`PUSH_NULL`" +msgstr ":opcode:`PUSH_NULL`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1653 +msgid "" +"Decouples argument shifting for methods from handling of keyword arguments; " +"allows better specialization of calls" +msgstr "对方法的参数变换与关键字参数的处理进行解偶；允许更好的调用特化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!DUP_TOP`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!DUP_TOP`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!DUP_TOP_TWO`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!DUP_TOP_TWO`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!ROT_TWO`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!ROT_TWO`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!ROT_THREE`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!ROT_THREE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!ROT_FOUR`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!ROT_FOUR`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!ROT_N`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!ROT_N`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`COPY`" +msgstr ":opcode:`COPY`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`SWAP`" +msgstr ":opcode:`SWAP`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1658 +msgid "Stack manipulation instructions" +msgstr "栈操纵指令" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`CHECK_EXC_MATCH`" +msgstr ":opcode:`CHECK_EXC_MATCH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1665 +msgid "Now performs check but doesn't jump" +msgstr "现在会执行检查但不会跳转" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!JUMP_ABSOLUTE`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!JUMP_ABSOLUTE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`JUMP_BACKWARD`" +msgstr ":opcode:`JUMP_BACKWARD`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_*`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_*`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_*`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_*`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1667 +msgid "" +"See [#bytecode-jump]_; ``TRUE``, ``FALSE``, ``NONE`` and ``NOT_NONE`` " +"variants for each direction" +msgstr "" +"参见 [#bytecode-jump]_; 针对每个方向的 ``TRUE``, ``FALSE``, ``NONE`` 和 ``NOT_NONE`` " +"变种" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!SETUP_WITH`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!SETUP_WITH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:0 +msgid ":opcode:`!SETUP_ASYNC_WITH`" +msgstr ":opcode:`!SETUP_ASYNC_WITH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1673 +msgid ":opcode:`BEFORE_WITH`" +msgstr ":opcode:`BEFORE_WITH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1673 +msgid ":keyword:`with` block setup" +msgstr ":keyword:`with` 代码块设置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1677 +msgid "" +"All jump opcodes are now relative, including the existing " +":opcode:`!JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP` and :opcode:`!JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP`. The " +"argument is now an offset from the current instruction rather than an " +"absolute location." +msgstr "" +"所有跳转操作码现在都是相对的，包括现有的 :opcode:`!JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP` 和 " +":opcode:`!JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP`。 该参数现在是相对于当前指令的偏移量而不是绝对位置。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1688 +msgid "Changed/removed opcodes" +msgstr "修改/移除的操作码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1690 +msgid "" +"Changed :opcode:`MATCH_CLASS` and :opcode:`MATCH_KEYS` to no longer push an " +"additional boolean value to indicate success/failure. Instead, ``None`` is " +"pushed on failure in place of the tuple of extracted values." +msgstr "" +"修改 :opcode:`MATCH_CLASS` 和 :opcode:`MATCH_KEYS` 为不再推入额外的布尔值来指示成功/失败。 " +"而是在失败时推入 ``None`` 来代替由被提取值组成的元组。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1695 +msgid "" +"Changed opcodes that work with exceptions to reflect them now being " +"represented as one item on the stack instead of three (see :gh:`89874`)." +msgstr "修改配合异常使用的操作码以反映它们现在是由栈上的一个条目而非三个条目代表 (参见 :gh:`89874`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1699 +msgid "" +"Removed :opcode:`!COPY_DICT_WITHOUT_KEYS`, :opcode:`!GEN_START`, " +":opcode:`!POP_BLOCK`, :opcode:`!SETUP_FINALLY` and :opcode:`!YIELD_FROM`." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :opcode:`!COPY_DICT_WITHOUT_KEYS`, :opcode:`!GEN_START`, " +":opcode:`!POP_BLOCK`, :opcode:`!SETUP_FINALLY` 和 :opcode:`!YIELD_FROM`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1707 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2580 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1709 +msgid "" +"This section lists Python APIs that have been deprecated in Python 3.11." +msgstr "本小节列出了已在 Python 3.11 中弃用的 Python API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1711 +msgid "" +"Deprecated C APIs are :ref:`listed separately `." +msgstr "已弃用的 C API 将 :ref:`单独列出 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1718 +msgid "Language/Builtins" +msgstr "语言/内置对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1720 +msgid "" +"Chaining :class:`classmethod` descriptors (introduced in :issue:`19072`) is " +"now deprecated. It can no longer be used to wrap other descriptors such as " +":class:`property`. The core design of this feature was flawed and caused a " +"number of downstream problems. To \"pass-through\" a :class:`classmethod`, " +"consider using the :attr:`!__wrapped__` attribute that was added in Python " +"3.10. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`89519`.)" +msgstr "" +"串连 :class:`classmethod` 描述器（在 :issue:`19072` 中引入）现已被弃用。 它不能再被用来包装其他描述器如 " +":class:`property`。 该特性的核心设计存在缺陷并导致了许多下游问题。 要“穿过”一个 " +":class:`classmethod`，请考虑使用在 Python 3.10 中添加的 :attr:`!__wrapped__` 属性。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`89519` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1728 +msgid "" +"Octal escapes in string and bytes literals with values larger than ``0o377``" +" (255 in decimal) now produce a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In a future " +"Python version, they will raise a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` and eventually a " +":exc:`SyntaxError`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`81548`.)" +msgstr "" +"数值大于 ``0o377`` (十进制的 255) 的八进制转义符会产生 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在未来的 Python " +"版本中，这将引发 :exc:`SyntaxWarning` 并最终改为 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka " +"在 :gh:`81548` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"The delegation of :func:`int` to :meth:`~object.__trunc__` is now " +"deprecated. Calling ``int(a)`` when ``type(a)`` implements " +":meth:`!__trunc__` but not :meth:`~object.__int__` or " +":meth:`~object.__index__` now raises a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. " +"(Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`44977`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在从 :func:`int` 至 :meth:`~object.__trunc__` 的委托已被弃用。 当 ``type(a)`` 实现了 " +":meth:`!__trunc__` 但未实现 :meth:`~object.__int__` 或 :meth:`~object.__index__` " +"时调用 ``int(a)`` 现在将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 " +":issue:`44977` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1744 +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1748 +msgid "" +":pep:`594` led to the deprecations of the following modules slated for " +"removal in Python 3.13:" +msgstr ":pep:`594` 使得以下模块被弃用并将在 Python 3.13 中被移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1752 +msgid ":mod:`!aifc`" +msgstr ":mod:`!aifc`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1752 +msgid ":mod:`!chunk`" +msgstr ":mod:`!chunk`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1752 +msgid ":mod:`!msilib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!msilib`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1752 +msgid ":mod:`!pipes`" +msgstr ":mod:`!pipes`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1752 +msgid ":mod:`!telnetlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!telnetlib`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1754 +msgid ":mod:`!audioop`" +msgstr ":mod:`!audioop`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1754 +msgid ":mod:`!crypt`" +msgstr ":mod:`!crypt`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1754 +msgid ":mod:`!nis`" +msgstr ":mod:`!nis`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1754 +msgid ":mod:`!sndhdr`" +msgstr ":mod:`!sndhdr`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1754 +msgid ":mod:`!uu`" +msgstr ":mod:`!uu`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1756 +msgid ":mod:`!cgi`" +msgstr ":mod:`!cgi`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1756 +msgid ":mod:`!imghdr`" +msgstr ":mod:`!imghdr`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1756 +msgid ":mod:`!nntplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!nntplib`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1756 +msgid ":mod:`!spwd`" +msgstr ":mod:`!spwd`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1756 +msgid ":mod:`!xdrlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!xdrlib`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1758 +msgid ":mod:`!cgitb`" +msgstr ":mod:`!cgitb`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1758 +msgid ":mod:`!mailcap`" +msgstr ":mod:`!mailcap`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1758 +msgid ":mod:`!ossaudiodev`" +msgstr ":mod:`!ossaudiodev`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1758 +msgid ":mod:`!sunau`" +msgstr ":mod:`!sunau`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1761 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`47061` and Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`68966`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`47061` 以及 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`68966` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1764 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!asynchat`, :mod:`!asyncore` and :mod:`!smtpd` modules have been " +"deprecated since at least Python 3.6. Their documentation and deprecation " +"warnings have now been updated to note they will be removed in Python 3.12. " +"(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :issue:`47022`.)" +msgstr "" +"至少从 Python 3.6 起 :mod:`!asynchat`, :mod:`!asyncore` 和 :mod:`!smtpd` 模块已被弃用。 " +"它们的文档和弃用警告现在已更新为提示它们将在 Python 3.12 中被移除。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 " +":issue:`47022` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1769 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!lib2to3` package and ``2to3`` tool are now deprecated and may not" +" be able to parse Python 3.10 or newer. See :pep:`617`, introducing the new " +"PEG parser, for details. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`40360`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`!lib2to3` 包和 ``2to3`` 工具已被弃用并可能无法解析 Python 3.10 或更新的版本。 请参阅引入新的 PEG" +" 解析器的 :pep:`617` 了解详情。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`40360` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1774 +msgid "" +"Undocumented modules :mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` and " +":mod:`!sre_parse` are now deprecated. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`47152`.)" +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的模块 :mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` 和 :mod:`!sre_parse` " +"现已被弃用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`47152` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1782 +msgid "Standard Library" +msgstr "标准库" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1784 +msgid "" +"The following have been deprecated in :mod:`configparser` since Python 3.2. " +"Their deprecation warnings have now been updated to note they will be " +"removed in Python 3.12:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`configparser` 的下列部分自 Python 3.2 起已被弃用。 现在它们的弃用警告已更新为提示它们将在 Python 3.12" +" 中被移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1788 +msgid "the :class:`!configparser.SafeConfigParser` class" +msgstr ":class:`!configparser.SafeConfigParser` 类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1789 +msgid "the :attr:`!configparser.ParsingError.filename` property" +msgstr ":attr:`!configparser.ParsingError.filename` 特征属性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1790 +msgid "the :meth:`!configparser.RawConfigParser.readfp` method" +msgstr ":meth:`!configparser.RawConfigParser.readfp` 方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1792 +msgid "(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :issue:`45173`.)" +msgstr "（由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :issue:`45173` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1794 +msgid "" +":class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` has been deprecated in the " +"docstring since Python 3.2, and is not listed in the :mod:`configparser` " +"documentation. It now emits a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and will be removed " +"in Python 3.13. Use :class:`configparser.BasicInterpolation` or " +":class:`configparser.ExtendedInterpolation` instead. (Contributed by Hugo " +"van Kemenade in :issue:`46607`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` 自 Python 3.2 起已在文档字符串中被弃用，并未在 " +":mod:`configparser` 文档中列出。 现在它将发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 并将在 Python 3.13 " +"中被移除。 请改用 :class:`configparser.BasicInterpolation` 或 " +":class:`configparser.ExtendedInterpolation`。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 " +":issue:`46607` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1801 +msgid "" +"The older set of :mod:`importlib.resources` functions were deprecated in " +"favor of the replacements added in Python 3.9 and will be removed in a " +"future Python version, due to not supporting resources located within " +"package subdirectories:" +msgstr "" +"较旧的 :mod:`importlib.resources` 函数集合已被弃用而改用在 Python 3.9 中添加的替代物并将在未来的 Python " +"版本中被移除，因为它们不支持位于 package 子目录下的资源:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1806 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.resources.contents`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.resources.contents`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1807 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.resources.is_resource`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.resources.is_resource`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1808 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.resources.open_binary`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.resources.open_binary`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1809 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.resources.open_text`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.resources.open_text`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1810 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.resources.read_binary`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.resources.read_binary`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1811 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.resources.read_text`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.resources.read_text`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1812 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.resources.path`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.resources.path`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1814 +msgid "" +"The :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale` function is deprecated and will be " +"removed in Python 3.15. Use :func:`locale.setlocale`, " +":func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) ` and" +" :func:`locale.getlocale` functions instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :gh:`90817`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`locale.getdefaultlocale` 函数已被弃用并将在 Python 3.15 中移除。 请改用 " +":func:`locale.setlocale`, :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) " +"` 和 :func:`locale.getlocale` 函数。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`90817` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1820 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!locale.resetlocale` function is deprecated and will be removed " +"in Python 3.13. Use ``locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, \"\")`` instead. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`90817`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!locale.resetlocale` 函数已被弃用并将在 Python 3.13 中移除。 请改用 " +"``locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, \"\")``。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`90817` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"Stricter rules will now be applied for numerical group references and group " +"names in :ref:`regular expressions `. Only sequences of ASCII " +"digits will now be accepted as a numerical reference, and the group name in " +":class:`bytes` patterns and replacement strings can only contain ASCII " +"letters, digits and underscores. For now, a deprecation warning is raised " +"for syntax violating these rules. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`91760`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在对于 :ref:`正则表达式 ` 中的数字分组引用和分组名称将应用更严格的规则。 现在只有 ASCII " +"数字序列会被接受作为数字引用，而 :class:`bytes` 模式和替换字符串中的分组名称只能包含 ASCII 字母、数字和下划线。 " +"目前对于违反这些规则的语法将会引发弃用警告。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91760` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1832 +msgid "" +"In the :mod:`re` module, the :func:`!re.template` function and the " +"corresponding :const:`!re.TEMPLATE` and :const:`!re.T` flags are deprecated," +" as they were undocumented and lacked an obvious purpose. They will be " +"removed in Python 3.13. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Miro Hrončok in" +" :gh:`92728`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`re` 模块中，:func:`!re.template` 函数和相应的 :const:`!re.TEMPLATE` 和 " +":const:`!re.T` 旗标已被弃用，因为它们未被写入文档并缺少明显的目的。 它们将在 Python 3.13 中移除。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 和 Miro Hrončok 在 :gh:`92728` 由贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1838 +msgid "" +":func:`!turtle.settiltangle` has been deprecated since Python 3.1; it now " +"emits a deprecation warning and will be removed in Python 3.13. Use " +":func:`turtle.tiltangle` instead (it was earlier incorrectly marked as " +"deprecated, and its docstring is now corrected). (Contributed by Hugo van " +"Kemenade in :issue:`45837`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!turtle.settiltangle` 自 Python 3.1 起已被弃用；现在它会发出弃用警告并将在 Python 3.13 " +"中移除。 请改用 :func:`turtle.tiltangle` (该函数在此前被错误地标记为已弃用，现在它的文档字符串已被修正)。 （由 Hugo " +"van Kemenade 在 :issue:`45837` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1844 +msgid "" +":class:`typing.Text`, which exists solely to provide compatibility support " +"between Python 2 and Python 3 code, is now deprecated. Its removal is " +"currently unplanned, but users are encouraged to use :class:`str` instead " +"wherever possible. (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`92332`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`typing.Text`，它的存在只是为了在 Python 2 和 Python 3 代码之间提供兼容性支持，现在已被弃用。 " +"目前尚无移除它的计划，但推荐用户在任何可能的地方改用 :class:`str`。 （由 Alex Waygood 在 :gh:`92332` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1850 +msgid "" +"The keyword argument syntax for constructing :data:`typing.TypedDict` types " +"is now deprecated. Support will be removed in Python 3.13. (Contributed by " +"Jingchen Ye in :gh:`90224`.)" +msgstr "" +"用于构造 :data:`typing.TypedDict` 类型的关键字参数语法现在已被弃用。 将在 Python 3.13 中移除对它的支持。 （由 " +"Jingchen Ye 在 :gh:`90224` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1854 +msgid "" +":class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` is deprecated and will be removed in Python " +"3.13. It is untested, undocumented, and not used by :mod:`webbrowser` " +"itself. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`42255`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.13 中移除。 它未经测试，未写入文档，也未被 " +":mod:`webbrowser` 本身所使用。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`42255` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"The behavior of returning a value from a :class:`~unittest.TestCase` and " +":class:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` test methods (other than the " +"default ``None`` value) is now deprecated." +msgstr "" +"从 :class:`~unittest.TestCase` 和 :class:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` " +"测试方法返回一个值（默认的 ``None`` 以外的值）的行为现在已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"Deprecated the following not-formally-documented :mod:`unittest` functions, " +"scheduled for removal in Python 3.13:" +msgstr "已弃用下列未正式写入文档的 :mod:`unittest` 函数，计划在 Python 3.13 中移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1865 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1866 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1867 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1869 +msgid "Use :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` methods instead:" +msgstr "请改用 :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` 方法:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1871 +msgid ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`" +msgstr ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1872 +msgid ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`" +msgstr ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1873 +msgid ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`" +msgstr ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1875 +msgid "(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :issue:`5846`.)" +msgstr "（由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :issue:`5846` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1877 +msgid "" +":meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` is marked deprecated, to be removed " +"in 3.13. (Contributed by Carlos Damázio in :gh:`67048`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` 被标记为已弃用，将在 3.13 中被移除。 （由 Carlos " +"Damázio 在 :gh:`67048` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1886 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2608 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.12" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.12 中移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1888 +msgid "" +"The following Python APIs have been deprecated in earlier Python releases, " +"and will be removed in Python 3.12." +msgstr "以下 Python API 已在之前的 Python 发布版中弃用，并将在 Python 3.12 中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1891 +msgid "" +"C APIs pending removal are :ref:`listed separately `." +msgstr "C API 的移除计划将 :ref:`单独列出 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1894 +msgid "The :mod:`!asynchat` module" +msgstr ":mod:`!asynchat` 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1895 +msgid "The :mod:`!asyncore` module" +msgstr ":mod:`!asyncore` 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1896 +msgid "The :ref:`entire distutils package `" +msgstr ":ref:`整个 distutils 包 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1897 +msgid "The :mod:`!imp` module" +msgstr ":mod:`!imp` 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1898 +msgid "The :class:`typing.io ` namespace" +msgstr ":class:`typing.io ` 命名空间" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1899 +msgid "The :class:`typing.re ` namespace" +msgstr ":class:`typing.re ` 命名空间" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1900 +msgid ":func:`!cgi.log`" +msgstr ":func:`!cgi.log`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1901 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.find_loader`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.find_loader`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1902 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1903 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1904 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1905 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_module`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1906 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter.find_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1907 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinLoader.module_repr`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.BuiltinLoader.module_repr`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1908 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_loader`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_loader`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1909 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_module`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1910 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter.find_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1911 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenLoader.module_repr`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.FrozenLoader.module_repr`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1912 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_module`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1913 +msgid ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder.find_module`" +msgstr ":meth:`!importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder.find_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1914 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1915 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.util.set_loader_wrapper`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.util.set_loader_wrapper`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1916 +msgid ":func:`!importlib.util.set_package_wrapper`" +msgstr ":func:`!importlib.util.set_package_wrapper`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1917 +msgid ":class:`!pkgutil.ImpImporter`" +msgstr ":class:`!pkgutil.ImpImporter`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1918 +msgid ":class:`!pkgutil.ImpLoader`" +msgstr ":class:`!pkgutil.ImpLoader`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1919 +msgid ":meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to`" +msgstr ":meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1920 +msgid ":func:`!sqlite3.enable_shared_cache`" +msgstr ":func:`!sqlite3.enable_shared_cache`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1921 +msgid ":func:`!sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode`" +msgstr ":func:`!sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1922 +msgid ":envvar:`!PYTHONTHREADDEBUG` environment variable" +msgstr ":envvar:`!PYTHONTHREADDEBUG` 环境变量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1923 +msgid "The following deprecated aliases in :mod:`unittest`:" +msgstr "The following deprecated aliases in :mod:`unittest` 中的下列已弃用别名:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1926 +msgid "Deprecated alias" +msgstr "已弃用的别名" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1926 +msgid "Method Name" +msgstr "方法名" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1926 +msgid "Deprecated in" +msgstr "弃用于" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1928 +msgid "``failUnless``" +msgstr "``failUnless``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1928 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1935 +msgid ":meth:`.assertTrue`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertTrue`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1928 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1929 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1930 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1931 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1932 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1933 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1934 +msgid "3.1" +msgstr "3.1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1929 +msgid "``failIf``" +msgstr "``failIf``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1929 +msgid ":meth:`.assertFalse`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertFalse`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1930 +msgid "``failUnlessEqual``" +msgstr "``failUnlessEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1930 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1936 +msgid ":meth:`.assertEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1931 +msgid "``failIfEqual``" +msgstr "``failIfEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1931 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1937 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1932 +msgid "``failUnlessAlmostEqual``" +msgstr "``failUnlessAlmostEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1932 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1938 +msgid ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1933 +msgid "``failIfAlmostEqual``" +msgstr "``failIfAlmostEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1933 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1939 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1934 +msgid "``failUnlessRaises``" +msgstr "``failUnlessRaises``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1934 +msgid ":meth:`.assertRaises`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertRaises`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1935 +msgid "``assert_``" +msgstr "``assert_``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1935 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1936 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1937 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1938 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1939 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1940 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1941 +msgid "3.2" +msgstr "3.2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1936 +msgid "``assertEquals``" +msgstr "``assertEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1937 +msgid "``assertNotEquals``" +msgstr "``assertNotEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1938 +msgid "``assertAlmostEquals``" +msgstr "``assertAlmostEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1939 +msgid "``assertNotAlmostEquals``" +msgstr "``assertNotAlmostEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1940 +msgid "``assertRegexpMatches``" +msgstr "``assertRegexpMatches``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1940 +msgid ":meth:`.assertRegex`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertRegex`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1941 +msgid "``assertRaisesRegexp``" +msgstr "``assertRaisesRegexp``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1941 +msgid ":meth:`.assertRaisesRegex`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertRaisesRegex`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1942 +msgid "``assertNotRegexpMatches``" +msgstr "``assertNotRegexpMatches``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1942 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotRegex`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotRegex`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1942 +msgid "3.5" +msgstr "3.5" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1949 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2634 +msgid "Removed" +msgstr "移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1951 +msgid "This section lists Python APIs that have been removed in Python 3.11." +msgstr "本小节列出了已在 Python 3.11 中移除的 Python API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1953 +msgid "" +"Removed C APIs are :ref:`listed separately `." +msgstr "已移除的 C API 将 :ref:`单独列出 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1955 +msgid "" +"Removed the :func:`!@asyncio.coroutine` :term:`decorator` enabling legacy " +"generator-based coroutines to be compatible with :keyword:`async` / " +":keyword:`await` code. The function has been deprecated since Python 3.8 and" +" the removal was initially scheduled for Python 3.10. Use :keyword:`async " +"def` instead. (Contributed by Illia Volochii in :issue:`43216`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了允许旧式基于生成器的协程兼容 :keyword:`async` / :keyword:`await` 代码的 " +":func:`!@asyncio.coroutine` :term:`decorator`。 该函数自 Python 3.8 起已被弃用并且原定在 " +"Python 3.10 中移除。 请改用 :keyword:`async def`。 （由 Illia Volochii 在 " +":issue:`43216` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1962 +msgid "" +"Removed :class:`!asyncio.coroutines.CoroWrapper` used for wrapping legacy " +"generator-based coroutine objects in the debug mode. (Contributed by Illia " +"Volochii in :issue:`43216`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了用于在调试模式下包装旧式基于生成器的协程对象的 :class:`!asyncio.coroutines.CoroWrapper`。 （由 " +"Illia Volochii 在 :issue:`43216` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1966 +msgid "" +"Due to significant security concerns, the *reuse_address* parameter of " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint`, disabled in Python 3.9, is " +"now entirely removed. This is because of the behavior of the socket option " +"``SO_REUSEADDR`` in UDP. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":issue:`45129`.)" +msgstr "" +"出于显著的安全性考量，自 Python 3.9 起已被禁用的 :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint`" +" 的 *reuse_address* 形参现在已彻底移除。 这是因为在 UDP 中套接字选项 ``SO_REUSEADDR`` 的行为。 （由 Hugo" +" van Kemenade 在 :issue:`45129` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1972 +msgid "" +"Removed the :mod:`!binhex` module, deprecated in Python 3.9. Also removed " +"the related, similarly-deprecated :mod:`binascii` functions:" +msgstr "" +"移除了自 Python 3.9 起已弃用的 :mod:`!binhex` 模块。 并移除了相关联的同样已弃用的 :mod:`binascii` 函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1975 +msgid ":func:`!binascii.a2b_hqx`" +msgstr ":func:`!binascii.a2b_hqx`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1976 +msgid ":func:`!binascii.b2a_hqx`" +msgstr ":func:`!binascii.b2a_hqx`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1977 +msgid ":func:`!binascii.rlecode_hqx`" +msgstr ":func:`!binascii.rlecode_hqx`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1978 +msgid ":func:`!binascii.rldecode_hqx`" +msgstr ":func:`!binascii.rldecode_hqx`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1980 +msgid "The :func:`binascii.crc_hqx` function remains available." +msgstr ":func:`binascii.crc_hqx` 函数仍然可用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1982 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`45085`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`45085` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1984 +msgid "" +"Removed the :mod:`!distutils` ``bdist_msi`` command deprecated in Python " +"3.9. Use ``bdist_wheel`` (wheel packages) instead. (Contributed by Hugo van " +"Kemenade in :issue:`45124`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了自 Python 3.9 起已弃用的 :mod:`!distutils` ``bdist_msi`` 命令。 请改用 " +"``bdist_wheel`` (wheel 包)。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :issue:`45124` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1988 +msgid "" +"Removed the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` methods of " +":class:`xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream`, :class:`wsgiref.util.FileWrapper` " +"and :class:`fileinput.FileInput`, deprecated since Python 3.9. (Contributed " +"by Hugo van Kemenade in :issue:`45132`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了自 Python 3.9 起已弃用的 :class:`xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream`, " +":class:`wsgiref.util.FileWrapper` 和 :class:`fileinput.FileInput` 的 " +":meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :issue:`45132` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:1993 +msgid "" +"Removed the deprecated :mod:`gettext` functions :func:`!lgettext`, " +":func:`!ldgettext`, :func:`!lngettext` and :func:`!ldngettext`. Also removed" +" the :func:`!bind_textdomain_codeset` function, the " +":meth:`!NullTranslations.output_charset` and " +":meth:`!NullTranslations.set_output_charset` methods, and the *codeset* " +"parameter of :func:`!translation` and :func:`!install`, since they are only " +"used for the :func:`!l*gettext` functions. (Contributed by Donghee Na and " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`44235`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了已弃用的 :mod:`gettext` 函数 :func:`!lgettext`, :func:`!ldgettext`, " +":func:`!lngettext` 和 :func:`!ldngettext`。 并移除了 " +":func:`!bind_textdomain_codeset` 函数、:meth:`!NullTranslations.output_charset`" +" 和 :meth:`!NullTranslations.set_output_charset` 方法，以及 :func:`!translation` 和" +" :func:`!install` 的 *codeset* 形参 ，因为它们仅被用于 :func:`!l*gettext` 函数。 （由 Donghee" +" Na 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`44235` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2003 +msgid "Removed from the :mod:`inspect` module:" +msgstr "已从 :mod:`inspect` 模块中移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2005 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!getargspec` function, deprecated since Python 3.0; use " +":func:`inspect.signature` or :func:`inspect.getfullargspec` instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`!getargspec` 函数自 Python 3.0 起已被弃用；请改用 :func:`inspect.signature` 或 " +":func:`inspect.getfullargspec`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!formatargspec` function, deprecated since Python 3.5; use the " +":func:`inspect.signature` function or the :class:`inspect.Signature` object " +"directly." +msgstr "" +":func:`!formatargspec` 函数自 Python 3.5 起已被弃用；请改用 :func:`inspect.signature` " +"函数或直接使用 :class:`inspect.Signature` 对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2012 +msgid "" +"The undocumented :meth:`!Signature.from_builtin` and " +":meth:`!Signature.from_function` methods, deprecated since Python 3.5; use " +"the :meth:`Signature.from_callable() ` " +"method instead." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的 :meth:`!Signature.from_builtin` 和 :meth:`!Signature.from_function` " +"方法自 Python 3.5 起已被弃用；请改用 :meth:`Signature.from_callable() " +"` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2017 +msgid "(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :issue:`45320`.)" +msgstr "（由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :issue:`45320` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2019 +msgid "" +"Removed the :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` method from " +":class:`pathlib.PurePath`, because it was not used and added by mistake in " +"previous versions. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :issue:`46483`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 :class:`pathlib.PurePath` 中移除了 :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` " +"方法，因为它从未被使用而是在之前版本中误添加的。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :issue:`46483` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2024 +msgid "" +"Removed the :class:`!MailmanProxy` class in the :mod:`!smtpd` module, as it " +"is unusable without the external :mod:`!mailman` package. (Contributed by " +"Donghee Na in :issue:`35800`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`!smtpd` 模块中的 :class:`!MailmanProxy` 类，因为它在没有外部 :mod:`!mailman` " +"包时是无法使用的。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`35800` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2028 +msgid "" +"Removed the deprecated :meth:`!split` method of " +":class:`!_tkinter.TkappType`. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":issue:`38371`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :class:`!_tkinter.TkappType` 中已被弃用的 :meth:`!split` 方法。 （由 Erlend E. " +"Aasland 在 :issue:`38371` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2031 +msgid "" +"Removed namespace package support from :mod:`unittest` discovery. It was " +"introduced in Python 3.4 but has been broken since Python 3.7. (Contributed " +"by Inada Naoki in :issue:`23882`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 :mod:`unittest` 发现中移除了命名空间包支持。 它在 Python 3.4 中引入但自 Python 3.7 起已不可用。 （由 " +"Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`23882` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2035 +msgid "" +"Removed the undocumented private :meth:`!float.__set_format__` method, " +"previously known as :meth:`!float.__setformat__` in Python 3.7. Its " +"docstring said: \"You probably don't want to use this function. It exists " +"mainly to be used in Python's test suite.\" (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :issue:`46852`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了未写入文档的私有 :meth:`!float.__set_format__` 方法，之前在 Python 3.7 中名为 " +":meth:`!float.__setformat__`。 其文档字符串已写明：“你应该不需要使用此函数。 它的存在主要是用于 Python " +"的测试套件。” （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`46852` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2041 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--experimental-isolated-subinterpreters` configure flag (and " +"corresponding :c:macro:`!EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS` macro) have " +"been removed." +msgstr "" +":option:`!--experimental-isolated-subinterpreters` 配置旗标（和相应的 " +":c:macro:`!EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS` 宏）已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2045 +msgid "" +":pypi:`Pynche` --- The Pythonically Natural Color and Hue Editor --- has " +"been moved out of ``Tools/scripts`` and is `being developed independently " +"`_ from the Python source " +"tree." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`Pynche` --- The Pythonically Natural Color and Hue Editor --- 已被移出 " +"``Tools/scripts`` 并且脱离Python 源代码树转为 `独立开发 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2055 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2277 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.11" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.11" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2057 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes in the " +"Python API that may require changes to your Python code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及 Python API 中可能需要修改你的 Python 代码的其他错误修正。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2060 +msgid "" +"Porting notes for the C API are :ref:`listed separately `." +msgstr "针对 C API 的移植说明将 :ref:`单独列出 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2063 +msgid "" +":func:`open`, :func:`io.open`, :func:`codecs.open` and " +":class:`fileinput.FileInput` no longer accept ``'U'`` (\"universal " +"newline\") in the file mode. In Python 3, \"universal newline\" mode is used" +" by default whenever a file is opened in text mode, and the ``'U'`` flag has" +" been deprecated since Python 3.3. The :ref:`newline parameter ` to these functions controls how universal newlines work." +" (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37330`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`open`, :func:`io.open`, :func:`codecs.open` 和 " +":class:`fileinput.FileInput` 的文件模式中不再接受 ``'U'`` (\"通用换行符\")。 在 Python 3 " +"中，\"通用换行符\" 模式会在文件以文本模式打开时默认被使用，而 ``'U'`` 旗标自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用。 这些函数的 " +":ref:`newline 形参 ` 将控制如何使用通用换行符。 （由 Victor Stinner 在" +" :issue:`37330` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2072 +msgid "" +":class:`ast.AST` node positions are now validated when provided to " +":func:`compile` and other related functions. If invalid positions are " +"detected, a :exc:`ValueError` will be raised. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo " +"in :gh:`93351`)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`ast.AST` 节点位置在提供给 :func:`compile` 和其他相关函数时会进行验证。 如果检测到无效位置， 将会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`93351` 中提供。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2076 +msgid "" +"Prohibited passing non-:class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` " +"executors to :meth:`asyncio.loop.set_default_executor` following a " +"deprecation in Python 3.8. (Contributed by Illia Volochii in " +":issue:`43234`.)" +msgstr "" +"继在 Python 3.8 中弃用后，已禁止向 :meth:`asyncio.loop.set_default_executor` 传入非 " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 执行器。（由 Illia Volochii 在 " +":issue:`43234` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2081 +msgid "" +":mod:`calendar`: The :class:`calendar.LocaleTextCalendar` and " +":class:`calendar.LocaleHTMLCalendar` classes now use " +":func:`locale.getlocale`, instead of using :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale`, " +"if no locale is specified. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`46659`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`calendar`: 在未指定语言区域的情况下，:class:`calendar.LocaleTextCalendar` 和 " +":class:`calendar.LocaleHTMLCalendar` 类现在会使用 :func:`locale.getlocale`，而不是使用 " +":func:`locale.getdefaultlocale`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`46659` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2087 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pdb` module now reads the :file:`.pdbrc` configuration file with " +"the ``'UTF-8'`` encoding. (Contributed by Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy " +"(శ్రీనివాస్ రెడ్డి తాటిపర్తి) in :issue:`41137`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`pdb` 模块会使用 ``'UTF-8'`` 编码来读取 :file:`.pdbrc` 配置文件。 （由 Srinivas Reddy" +" Thatiparthy (శ్రీనివాస్ రెడ్డి తాటిపర్తి) 在 :issue:`41137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"The *population* parameter of :func:`random.sample` must be a sequence, and " +"automatic conversion of :class:`set`\\s to :class:`list`\\s is no longer " +"supported. Also, if the sample size is larger than the population size, a " +":exc:`ValueError` is raised. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in " +":issue:`40465`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`random.sample` 的 *population* 形参必须是一个序列，不再支持将 :class:`set` 自动转换为 " +":class:`list`。 此外，如果样本大小大于总体大小，将会引发 :exc:`ValueError` 。 （由 Raymond Hettinger" +" 在 :issue:`40465` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2097 +msgid "" +"The *random* optional parameter of :func:`random.shuffle` was removed. It " +"was previously an arbitrary random function to use for the shuffle; now, " +":func:`random.random` (its previous default) will always be used." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`random.shuffle` 的 *random* 可选形参。 在之前版本中重排操作是使用任意随机函数；现在，将始终使用 " +":func:`random.random` (之前的默认值)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2101 +msgid "" +"In :mod:`re` :ref:`re-syntax`, global inline flags (e.g. ``(?i)``) can now " +"only be used at the start of regular expressions. Using them elsewhere has " +"been deprecated since Python 3.6. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`47066`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`re` :ref:`re-syntax` 中，全局内联旗标 (例如 ``(?i)``) 现在只能在正则表达式的开头使用。 自 " +"Python 3.6 起在别处使用这些旗标的做法已被弃用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`47066` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2106 +msgid "" +"In the :mod:`re` module, several long-standing bugs where fixed that, in " +"rare cases, could cause capture groups to get the wrong result. Therefore, " +"this could change the captured output in these cases. (Contributed by Ma Lin" +" in :issue:`35859`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`re` 模块中，修复了几个长期存在的错误，在极少数情况下，这些错误可能会导致捕获分组得到错误的结果。 " +"因此，这可能会改变这些情况下的捕获输出。 （由 Ma Lin 在 :issue:`35859` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2115 +msgid "Build Changes" +msgstr "构建变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2117 +msgid "" +"CPython now has :pep:`11` :pep:`Tier 3 support <11#tier-3>` for cross " +"compiling to the `WebAssembly `_ platforms " +"`Emscripten `_ (``wasm32-unknown-emscripten``, i.e." +" Python in the browser) and `WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) " +"`_ (``wasm32-unknown-wasi``). The effort is inspired by " +"previous work like `Pyodide `_. These platforms " +"provide a limited subset of POSIX APIs; Python standard libraries features " +"and modules related to networking, processes, threading, signals, mmap, and " +"users/groups are not available or don't work. (Emscripten contributed by " +"Christian Heimes and Ethan Smith in :gh:`84461` and WASI contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :gh:`90473`; platforms promoted in :gh:`95085`)" +msgstr "" +"CPython 现已具有 :pep:`11` :pep:`Tier 3 support <11#tier-3>` 以便交叉编译至 " +"`WebAssembly `_ 平台 `Emscripten " +"`_ (``wasm32-unknown-emscripten`` 即浏览器版 Python) 和 " +"`WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) `_ " +"(``wasm32-unknown-wasi``)。 此计划的灵感来自前人的工作如 `Pyodide `_。" +" 这些平台提供了 POSIX API 的有限子集；与网络、进程、线程、信号、mmap 和用户/组相关的 Python " +"标准库特性和模块将不可用或无法正常工作。 （Emscripten 由 Christian Heimes 和 Ethan Smith 在 " +":gh:`84461` 中贡献，WASI 由 Christian Heimes 在 :gh:`90473` 中贡献；平台的推进在 :gh:`95085`" +" 中追踪。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2131 +msgid "Building CPython now requires:" +msgstr "构建 CPython 现在需要:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2133 +msgid "" +"A `C11 `_ compiler and standard library." +" `Optional C11 features " +"`_" +" are not required. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`46656`, " +":issue:`45440` and :issue:`46640`.)" +msgstr "" +"`C11 `_ 编译器和标准库。 `可选的 C11 特性 " +"`_" +" 不是必须的。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`46656`, :issue:`45440` 和 :issue:`46640` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2140 +msgid "" +"Support for `IEEE 754 `_ floating-" +"point numbers. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`46917`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 `IEEE 754 `_ 浮点数的支持。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`46917` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2144 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`!Py_NO_NAN` macro has been removed. Since CPython now requires" +" IEEE 754 floats, NaN values are always available. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`46656`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`!Py_NO_NAN` 宏已被移除。 由于 CPython 现在要求 IEEE 754 浮点数，NaN 值将始终可用。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`46656` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2148 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter` package now requires `Tcl/Tk `_ " +"version 8.5.12 or newer. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`46996`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter` 包现在需要 `Tcl/Tk `_ 8.5.12 或更新的版本。 （由 Serhiy" +" Storchaka 在 :issue:`46996` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2152 +msgid "" +"Build dependencies, compiler flags, and linker flags for most stdlib " +"extension modules are now detected by :program:`configure`. libffi, libnsl, " +"libsqlite3, zlib, bzip2, liblzma, libcrypt, Tcl/Tk, and uuid flags are " +"detected by `pkg-config `_ (when available). :mod:`tkinter` now requires a pkg-config " +"command to detect development settings for `Tcl/Tk`_ headers and libraries. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes and Erlend Egeberg Aasland in " +":issue:`45847`, :issue:`45747`, and :issue:`45763`.)" +msgstr "" +"大多数标准库扩展模块的构建依赖、编译器旗标和链接器旗标现在将由 :program:`configure` 来检测。 libffi, libnsl, " +"libsqlite3, zlib, bzip2, liblzma, libcrypt, Tcl/Tk 和 uuid 旗标将由 `pkg-config " +"`_ (如果可用) 来检测。 " +":mod:`tkinter` 现在需要由 pkg-config 命令来检测 `Tcl/Tk`_ 标头和库的开发设置。 （由 Christian " +"Heimes 和 Erlend Egeberg Aasland 在 :issue:`45847`, :issue:`45747` 和 " +":issue:`45763` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2162 +msgid "" +"libpython is no longer linked against libcrypt. (Contributed by Mike Gilbert" +" in :issue:`45433`.)" +msgstr "libpython 不再与 libcrypt 链接。 （由 Mike Gilbert 在 :issue:`45433` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2165 +msgid "" +"CPython can now be built with the `ThinLTO " +"`_ option via passing ``thin`` to " +":option:`--with-lto`, i.e. ``--with-lto=thin``. (Contributed by Donghee Na " +"and Brett Holman in :issue:`44340`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 CPython 可以通过向 :option:`--with-lto` 传入 ``thin``，即 ``--with-lto=thin`` " +"在编译时启用 `ThinLTO `_ 选项。 （由 Donghee " +"Na 和 Brett Holman 在 :issue:`44340` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"Freelists for object structs can now be disabled. A new :program:`configure`" +" option :option:`--without-freelists` can be used to disable all freelists " +"except empty tuple singleton. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`45522`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在可以禁用对象结构体的自由列表。 新的 :program:`configure` 选项 :option:`--without-freelists` " +"可用于禁用除空元组单例之外的所有自由列表。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`45522` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2175 +msgid "" +"``Modules/Setup`` and ``Modules/makesetup`` have been improved and tied up. " +"Extension modules can now be built through ``makesetup``. All except some " +"test modules can be linked statically into a main binary or library. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon and Christian Heimes in :issue:`45548`, " +":issue:`45570`, :issue:`45571`, and :issue:`43974`.)" +msgstr "" +"``Modules/Setup`` 和 ``Modules/makesetup`` 已获得改进并进行绑定。 扩展模块现在可以通过 " +"``makesetup`` 来构建。 除部分测试模块外所有模块都可以静态链接到主二进制文件或库中。 （由 Brett Cannon 和 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`45548`, :issue:`45570`, :issue:`45571` 和 " +":issue:`43974` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2182 +msgid "" +"Use the environment variables :envvar:`!TCLTK_CFLAGS` and " +":envvar:`!TCLTK_LIBS` to manually specify the location of Tcl/Tk headers and" +" libraries. The :program:`configure` options :option:`!--with-tcltk-" +"includes` and :option:`!--with-tcltk-libs` have been removed." +msgstr "" +"使用环境变量 :envvar:`!TCLTK_CFLAGS` 和 :envvar:`!TCLTK_LIBS` 来手动指定 Tcl/Tk " +"头文件和库的位置。 :program:`configure` 选项 :option:`!--with-tcltk-includes` 和 " +":option:`!--with-tcltk-libs` 已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2188 +msgid "" +"On RHEL 7 and CentOS 7 the development packages do not provide ``tcl.pc`` " +"and ``tk.pc``; use ``TCLTK_LIBS=\"-ltk8.5 -ltkstub8.5 -ltcl8.5\"``. The " +"directory ``Misc/rhel7`` contains ``.pc`` files and instructions on how to " +"build Python with RHEL 7's and CentOS 7's Tcl/Tk and OpenSSL." +msgstr "" +"在 RHEL 7 和 CentOS 7 上开发包将不提供 ``tcl.pc`` 和 ``tk.pc``；请使用 " +"``TCLTK_LIBS=\"-ltk8.5 -ltkstub8.5 -ltcl8.5\"``。 ``Misc/rhel7`` 目录包含 ``.pc``" +" 文件以及如何使用 RHEL 7 和 CentOS 7 的 Tcl/Tk 和 OpenSSL 构建 Python 的说明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2193 +msgid "" +"CPython will now use 30-bit digits by default for the Python :class:`int` " +"implementation. Previously, the default was to use 30-bit digits on " +"platforms with ``SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8``, and 15-bit digits otherwise. It's " +"still possible to explicitly request use of 15-bit digits via either the " +":option:`--enable-big-digits` option to the configure script or (for " +"Windows) the ``PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT`` variable in ``PC/pyconfig.h``, but " +"this option may be removed at some point in the future. (Contributed by Mark" +" Dickinson in :issue:`45569`.)" +msgstr "" +"CPython 现在将默认使用 30 比特位的数字来实现 Python :class:`int`。 之前版本中，在 ``SIZEOF_VOID_P >=" +" 8`` 的平台上默认使用 30 比特位数字，否则使用 15 位数字。 仍然有可能通过配置脚本的 :option:`--enable-big-" +"digits` 选项或 ``PC/pyconfig.h`` 中的 ``PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT`` 变量（适用于 " +"Windows）显式地要求使用 15 比特位数字，但该选项可能会在未来某个时候被移除。 （由 Mark Dickinson 在 " +":issue:`45569` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2206 +msgid "C API Changes" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"Add a new :c:func:`PyType_GetName` function to get type's short name. " +"(Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`42035`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :c:func:`PyType_GetName` 函数用来获取类型的简短名称。 （由 Hai Shi 在 :issue:`42035` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2216 +msgid "" +"Add a new :c:func:`PyType_GetQualName` function to get type's qualified " +"name. (Contributed by Hai Shi in :issue:`42035`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :c:func:`PyType_GetQualName` 函数用来获取类型的限定名称。 （由 Hai Shi 在 :issue:`42035` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"Add new :c:func:`PyThreadState_EnterTracing` and " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_LeaveTracing` functions to the limited C API to " +"suspend and resume tracing and profiling. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`43760`.)" +msgstr "" +"在受限的 C API 中新增了 :c:func:`PyThreadState_EnterTracing` 和 " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_LeaveTracing` 函数用来挂起和恢复追踪和性能分析。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`43760` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2224 +msgid "" +"Added the :c:data:`Py_Version` constant which bears the same value as " +":c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX`. (Contributed by Gabriele N. Tornetta in " +":issue:`43931`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:data:`Py_Version` 常量，其中的值与 :c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX` 相同。 （由 Gabriele " +"N. Tornetta 在 :issue:`43931` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2228 +msgid "" +":c:type:`Py_buffer` and APIs are now part of the limited API and the stable " +"ABI:" +msgstr ":c:type:`Py_buffer` 及其 API 现在是受限 API 和稳定 ABI 的组成部分:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2231 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2232 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2233 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_GetPointer`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_GetPointer`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2234 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2235 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_ToContiguous`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_ToContiguous`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2236 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_FromContiguous`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_FromContiguous`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2237 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_CopyData`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_CopyData`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2238 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_IsContiguous`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_IsContiguous`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2239 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2240 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2241 +msgid ":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2242 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromBuffer`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromBuffer`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2243 +msgid "" +":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_getbuffer` and " +":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` type slots" +msgstr "" +":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_getbuffer` 和 " +":c:member:`~PyBufferProcs.bf_releasebuffer` 类型槽位" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2246 +msgid "(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`45459`.)" +msgstr "（由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`45459` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2248 +msgid "" +"Added the :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` function, used to get the module " +"in which a method was defined, in cases where this information is not " +"available directly (via :c:type:`PyCMethod`). (Contributed by Petr Viktorin " +"in :issue:`46613`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` 函数，用于在无法直接获取信息的情况下 (通过 " +":c:type:`PyCMethod`) 获取方法定义所在的模块。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 :issue:`46613` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2253 +msgid "" +"Add new functions to pack and unpack C double (serialize and deserialize): " +":c:func:`PyFloat_Pack2`, :c:func:`PyFloat_Pack4`, :c:func:`PyFloat_Pack8`, " +":c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack2`, :c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack4` and " +":c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack8`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`46906`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了用于打包和解包 C double (序列化和反序列化) 的新函数: :c:func:`PyFloat_Pack2`, " +":c:func:`PyFloat_Pack4`, :c:func:`PyFloat_Pack8`, :c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack2`," +" :c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack4` 和 :c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack8`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`46906` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2259 +msgid "" +"Add new functions to get frame object attributes: " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`, :c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`, " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`, :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`." +msgstr "" +"添加了用于获取帧对象属性的新函数: :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`, " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`, :c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`, " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2263 +msgid "" +"Added two new functions to get and set the active exception instance: " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException` and :c:func:`PyErr_SetHandledException`." +" These are alternatives to :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo()` and " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo()` which work with the legacy 3-tuple " +"representation of exceptions. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in " +":issue:`46343`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了两个用于获取和设置活动异常实例的函数: :c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException` 和 " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetHandledException`。 这两个函数是 :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo()` 和 " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo()` 的替代品，后者使用传统的 3 元组表示异常。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":issue:`46343` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2270 +msgid "" +"Added the :c:member:`PyConfig.safe_path` member. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`57684`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:member:`PyConfig.safe_path` 成员。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`57684` " +"中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2281 +msgid "" +"Some macros have been converted to static inline functions to avoid `macro " +"pitfalls `_. The " +"change should be mostly transparent to users, as the replacement functions " +"will cast their arguments to the expected types to avoid compiler warnings " +"due to static type checks. However, when the limited C API is set to >=3.11," +" these casts are not done, and callers will need to cast arguments to their " +"expected types. See :pep:`670` for more details. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner and Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`89653`.)" +msgstr "" +"部分宏已被转换为静态内联函数以避免 `宏陷阱 `_。 这项改变对用户来说应该是基本无感的，因为替代函数会将其参数强制转换为预期的类型以避免静态类型检查导致的编译器警告。 " +"但是，当受限 C API 被设为 >=3.11 时，将不会执行这些强制转换，调用方将需要自行将参数强制转换为其预期的类型。 请参阅 :pep:`670`" +" 了解详情。 （由 Victor Stinner 和 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`89653` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2292 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo()` no longer uses the ``type`` and ``traceback`` " +"arguments, the interpreter now derives those values from the exception " +"instance (the ``value`` argument). The function still steals references of " +"all three arguments. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45711`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo()` 不再使用 ``type`` 和 ``traceback`` 参数，解释器现在将从异常实例（ 即" +" ``value`` 参数）中获取这些值。 该函数仍会偷取对所有三个参数的引用。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :issue:`45711` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2298 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo()` now derives the ``type`` and ``traceback`` " +"fields of the result from the exception instance (the ``value`` field). " +"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45711`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo()` 现在将从异常实例（即 ``value`` 字段）获取结果的 ``type`` 和 " +"``traceback`` 字段。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :issue:`45711` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2302 +msgid "" +":c:struct:`_frozen` has a new ``is_package`` field to indicate whether or " +"not the frozen module is a package. Previously, a negative value in the " +"``size`` field was the indicator. Now only non-negative values be used for " +"``size``. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :issue:`46608`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:struct:`_frozen` 新增了 ``is_package`` 字段用来指明冻结模块是否为包。 之前，是将 ``size`` " +"字段设置负值作为指示符。 现在 ``size`` 将只使用非负值。 （由 Kumar Aditya 在 :issue:`46608` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2308 +msgid "" +":c:func:`_PyFrameEvalFunction` now takes ``_PyInterpreterFrame*`` as its " +"second parameter, instead of ``PyFrameObject*``. See :pep:`523` for more " +"details of how to use this function pointer type." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`_PyFrameEvalFunction` 接受 ``_PyInterpreterFrame*`` 作为其第二个形参，而不是 " +"``PyFrameObject*``。 请参阅 :pep:`523` 了解如何使用此函数指针类型的更多细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2312 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyCode_New` and :c:func:`!PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs` now take an " +"additional ``exception_table`` argument. Using these functions should be " +"avoided, if at all possible. To get a custom code object: create a code " +"object using the compiler, then get a modified version with the ``replace`` " +"method." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`!PyCode_New` 和 :c:func:`!PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs` 接受一个额外的 " +"``exception_table`` 参数。 如有可能，应当避免使用这些函数。 获取自定义的代码对象：使用编译器创建一个代码对象，然后使用 " +"``replace`` 方法得到修改后的版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2318 +msgid "" +":c:type:`PyCodeObject` no longer has the ``co_code``, ``co_varnames``, " +"``co_cellvars`` and ``co_freevars`` fields. Instead, use " +":c:func:`PyCode_GetCode`, :c:func:`PyCode_GetVarnames`, " +":c:func:`PyCode_GetCellvars` and :c:func:`PyCode_GetFreevars` respectively " +"to access them via the C API. (Contributed by Brandt Bucher in " +":issue:`46841` and Ken Jin in :gh:`92154` and :gh:`94936`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyCodeObject` 不再具有 ``co_code``, ``co_varnames``, ``co_cellvars`` 和 " +"``co_freevars`` 字段。 请分别改用 :c:func:`PyCode_GetCode`, " +":c:func:`PyCode_GetVarnames`, :c:func:`PyCode_GetCellvars` 和 " +":c:func:`PyCode_GetFreevars` 通过 C API 来访问它们。 （由 Brandt Bucher 在 " +":issue:`46841` 以及 Ken Jin 在 :gh:`92154` 和 :gh:`94936` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2326 +msgid "" +"The old trashcan macros " +"(``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN``/``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``) are now deprecated. " +"They should be replaced by the new macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` and " +"``Py_TRASHCAN_END``." +msgstr "" +"旧的垃圾桶宏 (``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN``/``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``) 现在已被弃用。 " +"它们应该由新的宏 ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` 和 ``Py_TRASHCAN_END`` 代替。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2330 +msgid "A tp_dealloc function that has the old macros, such as::" +msgstr "带有旧版宏的 tp_dealloc 函数，例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2332 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p);\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p);\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END\n" +"}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2341 +msgid "should migrate to the new macros as follows::" +msgstr "应当按照以下方式迁移到新版宏::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2343 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(p, mytype_dealloc)\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_END\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(p, mytype_dealloc)\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_END\n" +"}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2352 +msgid "" +"Note that ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` has a second argument which should be the " +"deallocation function it is in." +msgstr "请注意 ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` 的第二个参数应该是它所属的取消分配函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2355 +msgid "" +"To support older Python versions in the same codebase, you can define the " +"following macros and use them throughout the code (credit: these were copied" +" from the ``mypy`` codebase)::" +msgstr "" +"要在同一代码库中支持旧版本的 Python，可以定义以下的宏并在整个代码中使用它们 (版权声明：这些宏是从 ``mypy`` 代码库中拷贝的)::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2359 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03080000\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, dealloc) Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, dealloc)\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_END(op) Py_TRASHCAN_END\n" +"#else\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, dealloc) Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op)\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_END(op) Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op)\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03080000\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, dealloc) Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, dealloc)\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_END(op) Py_TRASHCAN_END\n" +"#else\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(op, dealloc) Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op)\n" +"# define CPy_TRASHCAN_END(op) Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op)\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2367 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyType_Ready` function now raises an error if a type is defined" +" with the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag set but has no traverse " +"function (:c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`). (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`44263`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在如果一个类型定义了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` 旗标但没有遍历函数 " +"(:c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`) 则 :c:func:`PyType_Ready` 函数将引发一个错误。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`44263` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2372 +msgid "" +"Heap types with the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` flag can now inherit" +" the :pep:`590` vectorcall protocol. Previously, this was only possible for" +" :ref:`static types `. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":issue:`43908`)" +msgstr "" +"带有 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` 旗标的堆类型现在可以继承 :pep:`590` vectorcall " +"协议。 在之前版本中，这只适用于 :ref:`静态类型 `。（由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 " +":issue:`43908` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2377 +msgid "" +"Since :c:func:`Py_TYPE()` is changed to a inline static function, " +"``Py_TYPE(obj) = new_type`` must be replaced with ``Py_SET_TYPE(obj, " +"new_type)``: see the :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE()` function (available since " +"Python 3.9). For backward compatibility, this macro can be used::" +msgstr "" +"由于 :c:func:`Py_TYPE()` 已改为内联静态函数，因此 ``Py_TYPE(obj) = new_type`` 必须换成 " +"``Py_SET_TYPE(obj, new_type)``: 参见 :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE()` 函数（自 Python 3.9 " +"起可用）。 为保持向下兼容，可以使用这个宏::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2383 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4 && !defined(Py_SET_TYPE)\n" +"static inline void _Py_SET_TYPE(PyObject *ob, PyTypeObject *type)\n" +"{ ob->ob_type = type; }\n" +"#define Py_SET_TYPE(ob, type) _Py_SET_TYPE((PyObject*)(ob), type)\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4 && !defined(Py_SET_TYPE)\n" +"static inline void _Py_SET_TYPE(PyObject *ob, PyTypeObject *type)\n" +"{ ob->ob_type = type; }\n" +"#define Py_SET_TYPE(ob, type) _Py_SET_TYPE((PyObject*)(ob), type)\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2389 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2403 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39573`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39573` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2391 +msgid "" +"Since :c:func:`Py_SIZE()` is changed to a inline static function, " +"``Py_SIZE(obj) = new_size`` must be replaced with ``Py_SET_SIZE(obj, " +"new_size)``: see the :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE()` function (available since " +"Python 3.9). For backward compatibility, this macro can be used::" +msgstr "" +"由于 :c:func:`Py_SIZE()` 已改为内联静态函数，因此 ``Py_SIZE(obj) = new_size`` 必须换成 " +"``Py_SET_SIZE(obj, new_size)``: 参见 :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE()` 函数（自 Python 3.9 " +"起可用）。 为保持向下兼容，可以使用这个宏::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2397 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4 && !defined(Py_SET_SIZE)\n" +"static inline void _Py_SET_SIZE(PyVarObject *ob, Py_ssize_t size)\n" +"{ ob->ob_size = size; }\n" +"#define Py_SET_SIZE(ob, size) _Py_SET_SIZE((PyVarObject*)(ob), size)\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A4 && !defined(Py_SET_SIZE)\n" +"static inline void _Py_SET_SIZE(PyVarObject *ob, Py_ssize_t size)\n" +"{ ob->ob_size = size; }\n" +"#define Py_SET_SIZE(ob, size) _Py_SET_SIZE((PyVarObject*)(ob), size)\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2405 +msgid "" +"```` no longer includes the header files ````, " +"````, ```` and ```` when the ``Py_LIMITED_API`` " +"macro is set to ``0x030b0000`` (Python 3.11) or higher. C extensions should " +"explicitly include the header files after ``#include ``. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`45434`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 宏被设为 ``0x030b0000`` (Python 3.11) 或更高版本时，````" +" 将不再包含头文件 ````, ````, ```` 和 ````。 C " +"扩展应在 ``#include `` 之后显式地包括头文件。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`45434` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2411 +msgid "" +"The non-limited API files ``cellobject.h``, ``classobject.h``, ``code.h``, " +"``context.h``, ``funcobject.h``, ``genobject.h`` and ``longintrepr.h`` have " +"been moved to the ``Include/cpython`` directory. Moreover, the ``eval.h`` " +"header file was removed. These files must not be included directly, as they " +"are already included in ``Python.h``: :ref:`Include Files `. " +"If they have been included directly, consider including ``Python.h`` " +"instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`35134`.)" +msgstr "" +"非受限 API 文件 ``cellobject.h``, ``classobject.h``, ``code.h``, ``context.h``, " +"``funcobject.h``, ``genobject.h`` 和 ``longintrepr.h`` 已被移至 " +"``Include/cpython`` 目录。 此外，还移除了 ``eval.h`` 头文件。 这些文件不能被直接包括，因为它们已经被包括在 " +"``Python.h`` 中了：参见 :ref:`包括文件 `。如果它们已被直接包括，请考虑改为包括 " +"``Python.h``。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`35134` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2419 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED` macro has been excluded from the " +"limited C API. It was never usable there, because it used internal " +"structures which are not available in the limited C API. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`46007`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED` 宏已被排除在受限 C API 之外。 它从未在那里被使用，因为它使用了受限 C " +"API 中不可用的内部结构体。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`46007` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2424 +msgid "" +"The following frame functions and type are now directly available with " +"``#include ``, it's no longer needed to add ``#include " +"``:" +msgstr "" +"以下帧函数和类型现在可通过 ``#include `` 直接使用，不再需要添加 ``#include " +"``:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2428 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_Check`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_Check`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2429 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2430 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2431 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2432 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2433 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2434 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2435 +msgid ":c:type:`PyFrame_Type`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyFrame_Type`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2437 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`93937`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`93937` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2441 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`PyFrameObject` structure members have been removed from the " +"public C API." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyFrameObject` 结构体成员已从公有 C API 中被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2444 +msgid "" +"While the documentation notes that the :c:type:`PyFrameObject` fields are " +"subject to change at any time, they have been stable for a long time and " +"were used in several popular extensions." +msgstr "虽然文档指出 :c:type:`PyFrameObject` 字段可能随时更改，但这些字段长期以来一直保持稳定，并在多个流行的扩展中使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2448 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.11, the frame struct was reorganized to allow performance " +"optimizations. Some fields were removed entirely, as they were details of " +"the old implementation." +msgstr "在 Python 3.11 中，为了优化性能，对帧结构进行了重组。 一些字段被完全删除，因为它们属于旧实现的细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2452 +msgid ":c:type:`PyFrameObject` fields:" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyFrameObject` 字段:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2454 +msgid "``f_back``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack`." +msgstr "``f_back``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2455 +msgid "``f_blockstack``: removed." +msgstr "``f_blockstack``: 已移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2456 +msgid "``f_builtins``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`." +msgstr "``f_builtins``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2457 +msgid "``f_code``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetCode`." +msgstr "``f_code``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetCode`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2458 +msgid "``f_gen``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`." +msgstr "``f_gen``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2459 +msgid "``f_globals``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`." +msgstr "``f_globals``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2460 +msgid "``f_iblock``: removed." +msgstr "``f_iblock``: 已移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2461 +msgid "" +"``f_lasti``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`. Code using ``f_lasti`` with " +"``PyCode_Addr2Line()`` should use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` instead; " +"it may be faster." +msgstr "" +"``f_lasti``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`。 使用 ``f_lasti`` 并带有 " +"``PyCode_Addr2Line()`` 的代码应当改用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber`；它可能会更快。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2464 +msgid "``f_lineno``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber`" +msgstr "``f_lineno``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2465 +msgid "``f_locals``: use :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`." +msgstr "``f_locals``: 使用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2466 +msgid "``f_stackdepth``: removed." +msgstr "``f_stackdepth``: 已移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2467 +msgid "``f_state``: no public API (renamed to ``f_frame.f_state``)." +msgstr "``f_state``: 无公共 API (重命名为 ``f_frame.f_state``)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2468 +msgid "``f_trace``: no public API." +msgstr "``f_trace``: 无公共 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2469 +msgid "" +"``f_trace_lines``: use ``PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject*)frame, " +"\"f_trace_lines\")``." +msgstr "" +"``f_trace_lines``: 使用 ``PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject*)frame, " +"\"f_trace_lines\")``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2470 +msgid "" +"``f_trace_opcodes``: use ``PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject*)frame, " +"\"f_trace_opcodes\")``." +msgstr "" +"``f_trace_opcodes``: 使用 ``PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject*)frame, " +"\"f_trace_opcodes\")``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2471 +msgid "``f_localsplus``: no public API (renamed to ``f_frame.localsplus``)." +msgstr "``f_localsplus``: 无公共 API (重命名为 ``f_frame.localsplus``)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2472 +msgid "``f_valuestack``: removed." +msgstr "``f_valuestack``: 已移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2474 +msgid "" +"The Python frame object is now created lazily. A side effect is that the " +":attr:`~frame.f_back` member must not be accessed directly, since its value " +"is now also computed lazily. The :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack` function must be " +"called instead." +msgstr "" +"现在 Python 帧对象是惰性地创建的。 一个附带影响是 :attr:`~frame.f_back` " +"成员不可被直接访问，因为现在它的值也是惰性地计算的。 必须改为调用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2480 +msgid "" +"Debuggers that accessed the :attr:`~frame.f_locals` directly *must* call " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` instead. They no longer need to call " +":c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError` or :c:func:`!PyFrame_LocalsToFast`," +" in fact they should not call those functions. The necessary updating of the" +" frame is now managed by the virtual machine." +msgstr "" +"直接访问 :attr:`~frame.f_locals` 的调试器 *必须* 改为调用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`。 " +"它们不再需要调用 :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError` 或 " +":c:func:`!PyFrame_LocalsToFast`，实际上它们不应调用这些函数。 现在帧所需要的更新将由虚拟机来管理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2486 +msgid "Code defining ``PyFrame_GetCode()`` on Python 3.8 and older::" +msgstr "在 Python 3.8 及更旧版本上定义 ``PyFrame_GetCode()`` 的代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2488 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900B1\n" +"static inline PyCodeObject* PyFrame_GetCode(PyFrameObject *frame)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_INCREF(frame->f_code);\n" +" return frame->f_code;\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900B1\n" +"static inline PyCodeObject* PyFrame_GetCode(PyFrameObject *frame)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_INCREF(frame->f_code);\n" +" return frame->f_code;\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2496 +msgid "Code defining ``PyFrame_GetBack()`` on Python 3.8 and older::" +msgstr "在 Python 3.8 及更旧版本上定义 ``PyFrame_GetBack()`` 的代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2498 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900B1\n" +"static inline PyFrameObject* PyFrame_GetBack(PyFrameObject *frame)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XINCREF(frame->f_back);\n" +" return frame->f_back;\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900B1\n" +"static inline PyFrameObject* PyFrame_GetBack(PyFrameObject *frame)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XINCREF(frame->f_back);\n" +" return frame->f_back;\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2506 +msgid "" +"Or use the `pythoncapi_compat project `__ to get these two functions on older Python versions." +msgstr "" +"或者使用 `pythoncapi_compat 项目 `__ " +"在更旧版本的 Python 上获取这些函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2510 +msgid "Changes of the :c:type:`PyThreadState` structure members:" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyThreadState` 结构体成员的变化:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2512 +msgid "" +"``frame``: removed, use :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` (function added to " +"Python 3.9 by :issue:`40429`). Warning: the function returns a :term:`strong" +" reference`, need to call :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`." +msgstr "" +"``frame``: 已被移除，请使用 :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` (由 :issue:`40429` 添加到 " +"Python 3.9 的函数)。 警告：该函数返回一个 :term:`strong reference`，需要调用 " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2516 +msgid "" +"``tracing``: changed, use :c:func:`PyThreadState_EnterTracing` and " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_LeaveTracing` (functions added to Python 3.11 by " +":issue:`43760`)." +msgstr "" +"``tracing``: 已被更改，请使用 :c:func:`PyThreadState_EnterTracing` 和 " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_LeaveTracing` (由:issue:`43760` 添加到 Python 3.11 的函数)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2519 +msgid "" +"``recursion_depth``: removed, use ``(tstate->recursion_limit - " +"tstate->recursion_remaining)`` instead." +msgstr "" +"``recursion_depth``: 已被移除，请使用 ``(tstate->recursion_limit - " +"tstate->recursion_remaining)`` 代替。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2521 +msgid "``stackcheck_counter``: removed." +msgstr "``stackcheck_counter``：已移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2523 +msgid "Code defining ``PyThreadState_GetFrame()`` on Python 3.8 and older::" +msgstr "在 Python 3.8 或更旧版本中定义 ``PyThreadState_GetFrame()`` 的代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2525 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900B1\n" +"static inline PyFrameObject* PyThreadState_GetFrame(PyThreadState *tstate)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XINCREF(tstate->frame);\n" +" return tstate->frame;\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900B1\n" +"static inline PyFrameObject* PyThreadState_GetFrame(PyThreadState *tstate)\n" +"{\n" +" Py_XINCREF(tstate->frame);\n" +" return tstate->frame;\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2533 +msgid "" +"Code defining ``PyThreadState_EnterTracing()`` and " +"``PyThreadState_LeaveTracing()`` on Python 3.10 and older::" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.10 或更旧版本中定义 ``PyThreadState_EnterTracing()`` 和 " +"``PyThreadState_LeaveTracing()`` 的代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2536 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030B00A2\n" +"static inline void PyThreadState_EnterTracing(PyThreadState *tstate)\n" +"{\n" +" tstate->tracing++;\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030A00A1\n" +" tstate->cframe->use_tracing = 0;\n" +"#else\n" +" tstate->use_tracing = 0;\n" +"#endif\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static inline void PyThreadState_LeaveTracing(PyThreadState *tstate)\n" +"{\n" +" int use_tracing = (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL || tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL);\n" +" tstate->tracing--;\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030A00A1\n" +" tstate->cframe->use_tracing = use_tracing;\n" +"#else\n" +" tstate->use_tracing = use_tracing;\n" +"#endif\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030B00A2\n" +"static inline void PyThreadState_EnterTracing(PyThreadState *tstate)\n" +"{\n" +" tstate->tracing++;\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030A00A1\n" +" tstate->cframe->use_tracing = 0;\n" +"#else\n" +" tstate->use_tracing = 0;\n" +"#endif\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static inline void PyThreadState_LeaveTracing(PyThreadState *tstate)\n" +"{\n" +" int use_tracing = (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL || tstate->c_profilefunc != NULL);\n" +" tstate->tracing--;\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030A00A1\n" +" tstate->cframe->use_tracing = use_tracing;\n" +"#else\n" +" tstate->use_tracing = use_tracing;\n" +"#endif\n" +"}\n" +"#endif" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2559 +msgid "" +"Or use `the pythoncapi-compat project `__ to get these functions on old Python functions." +msgstr "" +"或者使用 `pythoncapi-compat 项目 `__ " +"在旧版的 Python 函数上获取这些函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2563 +msgid "" +"Distributors are encouraged to build Python with the optimized Blake2 " +"library `libb2`_." +msgstr "推荐发行方使用优化的 Blake2 库 `libb2`_ 来构建 Python。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2566 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` field must now be set to 1 " +"for initialization to use :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` to " +"initialize :data:`sys.path`. Otherwise, initialization will recalculate the " +"path and replace any values added to ``module_search_paths``." +msgstr "" +"现在初始化时 :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` 字段必须设为 1 以使用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` 来初始化 :data:`sys.path`。 " +"否则，初始化将重新计算路径并替换任何加入到 ``module_search_paths`` 的值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2571 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` no longer calculates the initial search path, and " +"will not fill any values into :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`. To " +"calculate default paths and then modify them, finish initialization and use " +":c:func:`PySys_GetObject` to retrieve :data:`sys.path` as a Python list " +"object and modify it directly." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyConfig_Read` 将不会再计算初始搜索路径，并且不会将任何值填充到 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`。 要计算默认路径再修改它们，请结束初始化并使用 " +":c:func:`PySys_GetObject` 来将 :data:`sys.path` 提取为一个 Python 列表对象并直接修改它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2582 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the following functions to configure the Python initialization:" +msgstr "弃用以下配置 Python 初始化的函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2584 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2585 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2586 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2587 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2588 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2589 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2590 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetPath`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetPath`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2591 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPath`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPath`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2592 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2593 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2594 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2595 +msgid ":c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2597 +msgid "" +"Use the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization " +"Configuration ` instead (:pep:`587`). (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`88279`.)" +msgstr "" +"改用新的 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 ` 的 :c:type:`PyConfig` API " +"(:pep:`587`)。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`88279` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2601 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the ``ob_shash`` member of the :c:type:`PyBytesObject`. Use " +":c:func:`PyObject_Hash` instead. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`46864`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :c:type:`PyBytesObject` 的 ``ob_shash`` 成员。 改用 :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`。 （由" +" Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`46864` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2610 +msgid "" +"The following C APIs have been deprecated in earlier Python releases, and " +"will be removed in Python 3.12." +msgstr "以下 C API 在早期 Python 发行版中已经弃用，将在 Python 3.12 中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2613 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_DATA`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_DATA`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2614 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2615 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2616 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicode`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2617 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2618 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2619 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_SIZE`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_SIZE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2620 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetSize`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetSize`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2621 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2622 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_IS_READY`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_IS_READY`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2623 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2624 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2625 +msgid ":c:func:`!_PyUnicode_AsUnicode`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!_PyUnicode_AsUnicode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2626 +msgid ":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2627 +msgid ":c:type:`PyUnicodeObject`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyUnicodeObject`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2628 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_InternImmortal`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_InternImmortal`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2636 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyFrame_BlockSetup` and :c:func:`!PyFrame_BlockPop` have been " +"removed. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :issue:`40222`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyFrame_BlockSetup` 和 :c:func:`!PyFrame_BlockPop` 已被移除。 （由 Mark " +"Shannon 在 :issue:`40222` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2640 +msgid "Remove the following math macros using the ``errno`` variable:" +msgstr "移除了下列使用 ``errno`` 变量的数学宏:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2642 +msgid "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1()``" +msgstr "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2643 +msgid "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2()``" +msgstr "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2644 +msgid "``Py_OVERFLOWED()``" +msgstr "``Py_OVERFLOWED()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2645 +msgid "``Py_SET_ERANGE_IF_OVERFLOW()``" +msgstr "``Py_SET_ERANGE_IF_OVERFLOW()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2646 +msgid "``Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR()``" +msgstr "``Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2648 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`45412`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`45412` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2650 +msgid "" +"Remove ``Py_UNICODE_COPY()`` and ``Py_UNICODE_FILL()`` macros, deprecated " +"since Python 3.3. Use ``PyUnicode_CopyCharacters()`` or ``memcpy()`` " +"(``wchar_t*`` string), and ``PyUnicode_Fill()`` functions instead. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`41123`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除 ``Py_UNICODE_COPY()`` 和 ``Py_UNICODE_FILL()`` 宏，它们自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用。 改用 " +"``PyUnicode_CopyCharacters()`` 或 ``memcpy()`` (``wchar_t*`` 字符串) 和 " +"``PyUnicode_Fill()`` 函数。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`41123` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2655 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``pystrhex.h`` header file. It only contains private functions. C" +" extensions should only include the main ```` header file. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`45434`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除 ``pystrhex.h`` 头文件。 它只包含私有函数。 C 扩展应当只包括主 ```` 头文件。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`45434` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2659 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``Py_FORCE_DOUBLE()`` macro. It was used by the " +"``Py_IS_INFINITY()`` macro. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`45440`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``Py_FORCE_DOUBLE()`` 宏，它曾经由 ``Py_IS_INFINITY()`` 宏使用。（由 Victor Stinner " +"在 :issue:`45440` 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2663 +msgid "" +"The following items are no longer available when :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` " +"is defined:" +msgstr "以下项目在 :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` 定义时不再可用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2666 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2667 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2668 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2669 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2670 +msgid "the ``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` macro" +msgstr "``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` 宏" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2672 +msgid "These are not part of the :ref:`limited API `." +msgstr "这些不是 :ref:`受限 API ` 的组成部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2674 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`45474`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`45474` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2676 +msgid "" +"Exclude :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` from the limited C API. It never " +"worked since the :c:type:`!PyWeakReference` structure is opaque in the " +"limited C API. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`35134`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` 排除在受限 C API 之外。 由于 " +":c:type:`!PyWeakReference` 结构体在受限 C API 中被屏蔽因此它从未发挥作用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`35134` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2681 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS()`` macro. It was exposed in the public " +"C API by mistake, it must only be used by Python internally. Use the " +"``PyTypeObject.tp_members`` member instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :issue:`40170`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS()`` 宏。它错误地暴露在公开的 C API 中，且只能由 Python 在内部使用。请使用 " +"``PyTypeObject.tp_members`` 作为替代。（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`40170` 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2686 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION`` macro (moved to the internal C " +"API). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`45412`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION`` 宏（移动到了内部 C API）。（由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`45412` 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2692 +msgid "" +"Remove the :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` encoder APIs, as they have been deprecated " +"since Python 3.3, are little used and are inefficient relative to the " +"recommended alternatives." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` 编码器 API，它们从 Python 3.3 " +"起已经弃用，很少使用，而且相对于推荐的替代品来说，效率很低。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2697 +msgid "The removed functions are:" +msgstr "被移除的函数有:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2699 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_Encode`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_Encode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2700 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeASCII`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeASCII`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2701 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2702 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2703 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2704 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2705 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2706 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2707 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2708 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2709 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2710 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2711 +msgid ":func:`!PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII`" +msgstr ":func:`!PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2713 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`624` for details and :pep:`migration guidance <624#alternative-" +"apis>`. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`44029`.)" +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :pep:`624` 了解细节以及 :pep:`迁移指引 <624#alternative-apis>`。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 " +":issue:`44029` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2719 +msgid "Notable changes in 3.11.4" +msgstr "3.11.4 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2722 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2724 +msgid "" +"The extraction methods in :mod:`tarfile`, and :func:`shutil.unpack_archive`," +" have a new a *filter* argument that allows limiting tar features than may " +"be surprising or dangerous, such as creating files outside the destination " +"directory. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details. In Python 3.12," +" use without the *filter* argument will show a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In" +" Python 3.14, the default will switch to ``'data'``. (Contributed by Petr " +"Viktorin in :pep:`706`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile` 中的提取方法和 :func:`shutil.unpack_archive` 都新增了 *filter* " +"参数以允许限制可能令人意外或危险的 tar 特性，例如在目标目录之外创建文件。 相关细节参见 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-" +"filter`。 在 Python 3.12 中，不带 *filter* 参数的用法将显示 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在 " +"Python 3.14 中，默认值将切换为 ``'data'``。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 :pep:`706` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2736 +msgid "Notable changes in 3.11.5" +msgstr "3.11.5 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2739 +msgid "OpenSSL" +msgstr "OpenSSL" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2741 +msgid "" +"Windows builds and macOS installers from python.org now use OpenSSL 3.0." +msgstr "来自 python.org 的 Windows 版本和 macOS 安装程序现在使用 OpenSSL 3.0。" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.12.po b/whatsnew/3.12.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0e84d512 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.12.po @@ -0,0 +1,5996 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Lu , 2023 +# sgqy , 2023 +# jacky , 2023 +# Makdon , 2023 +# Yi Cao <1783250036@qq.com>, 2023 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2023 +# 汇民 王 , 2023 +# Dai Xu , 2023 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2023 +# Alpha Du , 2023 +# Sefank , 2023 +# Bo Wen Cao, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2023 +# lqks, 2024 +# Arisaka97 , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-03-28 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-24 13:08+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:4 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.12" +msgstr "Python 3.12 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:0 +msgid "Editor" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:6 +msgid "Adam Turner" +msgstr "Adam Turner" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:48 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.12, compared to 3.11. " +"Python 3.12 was released on October 2, 2023. For full details, see the " +":ref:`changelog `." +msgstr "" +"本文介绍 Python 3.12 相比 3.11 增加的新特性。 Python 3.12 已于 2023 年 10 月 2 日发布。 " +"要获取详细信息，可参阅 :ref:`changelog `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:54 +msgid ":pep:`693` -- Python 3.12 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`693` -- Python 3.12 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:57 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:62 +msgid "" +"Python 3.12 is a stable release of the Python programming language, with a " +"mix of changes to the language and the standard library. The library changes" +" focus on cleaning up deprecated APIs, usability, and correctness. Of note, " +"the :mod:`!distutils` package has been removed from the standard library. " +"Filesystem support in :mod:`os` and :mod:`pathlib` has seen a number of " +"improvements, and several modules have better performance." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.12 是 Python 编程语言的一个稳定发布版，包含一系列对语言和标准库的改变。 库的改变主要集中在清理已弃用的 " +"API、易用性和正确性等方面。 值得注意的是，:mod:`!distutils` 包已从标准库中移除。 :mod:`os` 和 " +":mod:`pathlib` 中的文件系统支持得到了许多改进，一些模块的性能也得到了提升。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:69 +msgid "" +"The language changes focus on usability, as :term:`f-strings ` " +"have had many limitations removed and 'Did you mean ...' suggestions " +"continue to improve. The new :ref:`type parameter syntax " +"` and :keyword:`type` statement improve ergonomics for " +"using :term:`generic types ` and :term:`type aliases ` with static type checkers." +msgstr "" +"语言的改变主要集中在可用性方面，如 :term:`f-字符串 ` 的许多限制已被移除，而 'Did you mean ...' " +"提示消息继续得到改进。 新的 :ref:`类型形参语法 ` 和 :keyword:`type` 语句提升了 " +":term:`泛型类型 ` 和 :term:`类型别名 ` 配合静态类型检查器使用时的效率。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:76 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of all new " +"features, but instead gives a convenient overview. For full details, you " +"should refer to the documentation, such as the :ref:`Library Reference " +"` and :ref:`Language Reference `. If you " +"want to understand the complete implementation and design rationale for a " +"change, refer to the PEP for a particular new feature; but note that PEPs " +"usually are not kept up-to-date once a feature has been fully implemented." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供所有新功能的完整规范说明，而是提供一个方便的概览。 如需了解完整细节，请参阅相应文档，如 :ref:`标准库参考 ` 和 :ref:`语言参考 `。 如果你想了解某项改变的完整实现和设计理念，请参阅相应新特性的 " +"PEP；但请注意一旦某项特性已完全实现则相应 PEP 通常不会再继续更新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:90 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:92 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 695 `, type parameter syntax and the " +":keyword:`type` statement" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 695 `，类型形参语法和 :keyword:`type` 语句" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:94 +msgid "New grammar features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:96 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 701 `, :term:`f-strings ` in the " +"grammar" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 701 `，:term:`f-字符串 ` 语法的改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:98 +msgid "Interpreter improvements:" +msgstr "解释器的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:100 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 684 `, a unique per-interpreter :term:`GIL " +"`" +msgstr "" +":ref:`PEP 684 `，单独的每解释器 :term:`GIL `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:102 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 669 `, low impact monitoring" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 669 `，低开销的监控" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:103 +msgid "" +"`Improved 'Did you mean ...' suggestions `_ for " +":exc:`NameError`, :exc:`ImportError`, and :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions" +msgstr "" +"针对 :exc:`NameError`, :exc:`ImportError` 和 :exc:`SyntaxError` 异常 `改进了 'Did " +"you mean ...' 提示消息 `_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:106 +msgid "Python data model improvements:" +msgstr "对 Python 数据模型的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:108 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 688 `, using the :ref:`buffer protocol " +"` from Python" +msgstr "" +":ref:`PEP 688 `，使用 Python 的 :ref:`缓冲区协议 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:111 +msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:" +msgstr "标准库中的重大改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:113 +msgid "The :class:`pathlib.Path` class now supports subclassing" +msgstr ":class:`pathlib.Path` 类现在支持子类化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:114 +msgid "The :mod:`os` module received several improvements for Windows support" +msgstr ":mod:`os` 模块获得了多项针对 Windows 支持的改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:115 +msgid "" +"A :ref:`command-line interface ` has been added to the " +":mod:`sqlite3` module" +msgstr "在 :mod:`sqlite3` 模块中添加了 :ref:`命令行界面 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:117 +msgid "" +":func:`isinstance` checks against :func:`runtime-checkable protocols " +"` enjoy a speed up of between two and 20 times" +msgstr "" +"基于 :func:`运行时可检测协议 ` 的 :func:`isinstance` 检测获得了 2 " +"至 20 倍的提速" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:119 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` package has had a number of performance improvements, " +"with some benchmarks showing a 75% speed up." +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio` 包的性能获得了多项改进，一些基准测试显示有 75% 的提速。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:121 +msgid "" +"A :ref:`command-line interface ` has been added to the :mod:`uuid`" +" module" +msgstr "在 :mod:`uuid` 模块中添加了 :ref:`命令行界面 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:123 +msgid "" +"Due to the changes in :ref:`PEP 701 `, producing tokens " +"via the :mod:`tokenize` module is up to 64% faster." +msgstr "" +"由于 :ref:`PEP 701 ` 中的更改，通过 :mod:`tokenize` " +"模块生成令牌（token）的速度最多可提高 64%。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:126 +msgid "Security improvements:" +msgstr "安全改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:128 +msgid "" +"Replace the builtin :mod:`hashlib` implementations of SHA1, SHA3, SHA2-384, " +"SHA2-512, and MD5 with formally verified code from the `HACL* " +"`__ project. These builtin " +"implementations remain as fallbacks that are only used when OpenSSL does not" +" provide them." +msgstr "" +"用来自 `HACL* `__ 项目的经过正式验证的代码替代 " +"SHA1, SHA3, SHA2-384, SHA2-512 和 MD5 的内置 :mod:`hashlib` 实现。 这些内置实现保留作为仅在当 " +"OpenSSL 未提供它们时使用的回退选项。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:134 +msgid "C API improvements:" +msgstr "C API 的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:136 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 697 `, unstable C API tier" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 697 `，不稳定 C API 层" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:137 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 683 `, immortal objects" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 683 `，永生对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:139 +msgid "CPython implementation improvements:" +msgstr "CPython 实现的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:141 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 709 `, comprehension inlining" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 709 `，推导式内联化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:142 +msgid "" +":ref:`CPython support ` for the Linux ``perf`` profiler" +msgstr "对 Linux ``perf`` 性能分析器的 :ref:`CPython 支持 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:143 +msgid "Implement stack overflow protection on supported platforms" +msgstr "在受支持的平台上实现栈溢出保护" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:145 +msgid "New typing features:" +msgstr "新的类型标注特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:147 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 692 `, using :class:`~typing.TypedDict` to " +"annotate :term:`**kwargs `" +msgstr "" +":ref:`PEP 692 `，使用 :class:`~typing.TypedDict` 来标注 " +":term:`**kwargs `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:149 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 698 `, :func:`typing.override` decorator" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 698 `，:func:`typing.override` 装饰器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:151 +msgid "Important deprecations, removals or restrictions:" +msgstr "重要的弃用、移除或限制：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:153 +msgid "" +":pep:`623`: Remove ``wstr`` from Unicode objects in Python's C API, reducing" +" the size of every :class:`str` object by at least 8 bytes." +msgstr "" +":pep:`623`: 在 Python 的 C API 中移除 Unicode 对象中的 ``wstr``，使每个 :class:`str` " +"对象的大小缩减至少 8 个字节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:156 +msgid "" +":pep:`632`: Remove the :mod:`!distutils` package. See :pep:`the migration " +"guide <0632#migration-advice>` for advice replacing the APIs it provided. " +"The third-party `Setuptools " +"`__ " +"package continues to provide :mod:`!distutils`, if you still require it in " +"Python 3.12 and beyond." +msgstr "" +":pep:`632`: 移除 :mod:`!distutils` 包。 请参阅 :pep:`迁移指南 <0632#migration-advice>` " +"了解有关替换其所提供的 API 的建议。 第三方 `Setuptools " +"`__ " +"包将继续提供 :mod:`!distutils`，如果你在 Python 3.12 及更高版本中仍然需要它的话。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:163 +msgid "" +":gh:`95299`: Do not pre-install ``setuptools`` in virtual environments " +"created with :mod:`venv`. This means that ``distutils``, ``setuptools``, " +"``pkg_resources``, and ``easy_install`` will no longer available by default;" +" to access these run ``pip install setuptools`` in the :ref:`activated " +"` virtual environment." +msgstr "" +":gh:`95299`: 不在使用 :mod:`venv` 创建的虚拟环境中预装 ``setuptools``。 这意味着 " +"``distutils``、``setuptools``、``pkg_resources`` 和 ``easy_install`` " +"默认将不再可用；要访问这些工具请在 :ref:`激活的 ` 虚拟环境中运行 ``pip install " +"setuptools``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:170 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!asynchat`, :mod:`!asyncore`, and :mod:`!imp` modules have been " +"removed, along with several :class:`unittest.TestCase` `method aliases " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`!asynchat`、:mod:`!asyncore` 和 :mod:`!imp` 模块，以及一些 " +":class:`unittest.TestCase` `方法别名 `_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:176 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1840 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:181 +msgid "PEP 695: Type Parameter Syntax" +msgstr "PEP 695: 类型形参语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:183 +msgid "" +"Generic classes and functions under :pep:`484` were declared using a verbose" +" syntax that left the scope of type parameters unclear and required explicit" +" declarations of variance." +msgstr ":pep:`484` 下的泛型类和函数是使用详细语法声明的，这使得类型参数的范围不明确，并且需要显式声明变化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:187 +msgid "" +":pep:`695` introduces a new, more compact and explicit way to create " +":ref:`generic classes ` and :ref:`functions `::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`695` 引入了一种新的、更紧凑、更明确的方式来创建 :ref:`泛型类 ` 和 :ref:`函数 " +"`::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:190 +msgid "" +"def max[T](args: Iterable[T]) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class list[T]:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index: int, /) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def append(self, element: T) -> None:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def max[T](args: Iterable[T]) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class list[T]:\n" +" def __getitem__(self, index: int, /) -> T:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def append(self, element: T) -> None:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:200 +msgid "" +"In addition, the PEP introduces a new way to declare :ref:`type aliases " +"` using the :keyword:`type` statement, which creates an " +"instance of :class:`~typing.TypeAliasType`::" +msgstr "" +"此外，该 PEP 引入了一种新的方法来使用 :keyword:`type` 语句声明 :ref:`类型别名 `，该语句会创建" +" :class:`~typing.TypeAliasType` 的实例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:204 +msgid "type Point = tuple[float, float]" +msgstr "type Point = tuple[float, float]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:206 +msgid "Type aliases can also be :ref:`generic `::" +msgstr "类型别名也可以是 :ref:`generic `::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:208 +msgid "type Point[T] = tuple[T, T]" +msgstr "type Point[T] = tuple[T, T]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:210 +msgid "" +"The new syntax allows declaring :class:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` and " +":class:`~typing.ParamSpec` parameters, as well as :class:`~typing.TypeVar` " +"parameters with bounds or constraints::" +msgstr "" +"新语法允许声明 :class:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` 和 :class:`~typing.ParamSpec` " +"形参，以及带边界或约束的 :class:`~typing.TypeVar` 形参::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:214 +msgid "" +"type IntFunc[**P] = Callable[P, int] # ParamSpec\n" +"type LabeledTuple[*Ts] = tuple[str, *Ts] # TypeVarTuple\n" +"type HashableSequence[T: Hashable] = Sequence[T] # TypeVar with bound\n" +"type IntOrStrSequence[T: (int, str)] = Sequence[T] # TypeVar with constraints" +msgstr "" +"type IntFunc[**P] = Callable[P, int] # ParamSpec\n" +"type LabeledTuple[*Ts] = tuple[str, *Ts] # TypeVarTuple\n" +"type HashableSequence[T: Hashable] = Sequence[T] # 带边界的 TypeVar\n" +"type IntOrStrSequence[T: (int, str)] = Sequence[T] # 带约束的 TypeVar" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:219 +msgid "" +"The value of type aliases and the bound and constraints of type variables " +"created through this syntax are evaluated only on demand (see :ref:`lazy " +"evaluation `). This means type aliases are able to refer to" +" other types defined later in the file." +msgstr "" +"类型别名的值以及通过此语法创建的类型变量的边界和约束仅在需要时才进行求值 (参见 :ref:`惰性求值 `)。 " +"这意味着类型别名可以引用稍后在文件中定义的其他类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Type parameters declared through a type parameter list are visible within " +"the scope of the declaration and any nested scopes, but not in the outer " +"scope. For example, they can be used in the type annotations for the methods" +" of a generic class or in the class body. However, they cannot be used in " +"the module scope after the class is defined. See :ref:`type-params` for a " +"detailed description of the runtime semantics of type parameters." +msgstr "" +"通过类型参数列表声明的类型参数在声明的作用域和任何嵌套的作用域内都可见，但在外部作用域内不可见。 例如，它们可以用于泛型类的方法的类型注解或类体中。 " +"但是，在定义类之后，不能在模块范围中使用它们。 有关类型参数的运行时语义的详细描述，请参见 :ref:`type-params`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:231 +msgid "" +"In order to support these scoping semantics, a new kind of scope is " +"introduced, the :ref:`annotation scope `. Annotation " +"scopes behave for the most part like function scopes, but interact " +"differently with enclosing class scopes. In Python 3.13, :term:`annotations " +"` will also be evaluated in annotation scopes." +msgstr "" +"为了支持这些作用域定义，引入了一种新的作用域，即 :ref:`标注作用域 `。 " +"标注作用域的行为在很大程度上类似于函数作用域，但与封闭类作用作用域的交互方式不同。 在 Python 3.13 中，:term:`标注 " +"` 也将在标注作用域中进行求值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:237 +msgid "See :pep:`695` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`695`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:239 +msgid "" +"(PEP written by Eric Traut. Implementation by Jelle Zijlstra, Eric Traut, " +"and others in :gh:`103764`.)" +msgstr "" +"（PEP由 Eric Traut 撰写。 由 Jelle Zijlstra、Eric Traut 和其他人在 :gh:`103764` 中实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:245 +msgid "PEP 701: Syntactic formalization of f-strings" +msgstr "PEP 701：f-字符串的句法形式化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:247 +msgid "" +":pep:`701` lifts some restrictions on the usage of :term:`f-strings " +"`. Expression components inside f-strings can now be any valid " +"Python expression, including strings reusing the same quote as the " +"containing f-string, multi-line expressions, comments, backslashes, and " +"unicode escape sequences. Let's cover these in detail:" +msgstr "" +":pep:`701` 取消了对 :term:`f-字符串 ` 使用的一些限制。 f-字符串内部的表达式部分现在可以是任何有效的 " +"Python 表达式，包括重用了与标记 f-字符串本身相同的引号的字符串、多行表达式、注释、反斜杠以及 unicode 转义序列。 让我们详细介绍一下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Quote reuse: in Python 3.11, reusing the same quotes as the enclosing " +"f-string raises a :exc:`SyntaxError`, forcing the user to either use other " +"available quotes (like using double quotes or triple quotes if the f-string " +"uses single quotes). In Python 3.12, you can now do things like this:" +msgstr "" +"引号重用：在 Python 3.11 中，重用与标记 f-字符串本身相同的引号会引发 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`，迫使用户使用其他可用的引号（如在 f-字符串使用单引号时使用双引号或三重引号）。 在 Python 3.12 " +"中，你现在可以这样做了：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:262 +msgid "" +"Note that before this change there was no explicit limit in how f-strings " +"can be nested, but the fact that string quotes cannot be reused inside the " +"expression component of f-strings made it impossible to nest f-strings " +"arbitrarily. In fact, this is the most nested f-string that could be " +"written:" +msgstr "" +"请注意，在这一更改之前，对f-字符串的嵌套方式没有明确的限制，但字符串引号不能在f-字符串的表达式组件中重复使用，这使得不可能任意嵌套f-" +"字符串。事实上，这是可以编写的嵌套最多的f-字符串：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:270 +msgid "" +"As now f-strings can contain any valid Python expression inside expression " +"components, it is now possible to nest f-strings arbitrarily:" +msgstr "由于现在f-字符串可以在表达式组件中包含任何有效的Python表达式，因此现在可以任意嵌套f-字符串：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:276 +msgid "" +"Multi-line expressions and comments: In Python 3.11, f-string expressions " +"must be defined in a single line, even if the expression within the f-string" +" could normally span multiple lines (like literal lists being defined over " +"multiple lines), making them harder to read. In Python 3.12 you can now " +"define f-strings spanning multiple lines, and add inline comments:" +msgstr "" +"多行表达式和注释：在 Python 3.11 中，f-字符串表达式必须在一行中完成定义，即使 " +"f-字符串中的表达式在正常情况下可以跨多行（如在多行中定义的列表字面值），这使得它们更难被读懂。 在 Python 3.12 " +"中，你现在可以定义跨越多行的 f-字符串并添加内联注释：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:290 +msgid "" +"Backslashes and unicode characters: before Python 3.12 f-string expressions " +"couldn't contain any ``\\`` character. This also affected unicode " +":ref:`escape sequences ` (such as ``\\N{snowman}``) as " +"these contain the ``\\N`` part that previously could not be part of " +"expression components of f-strings. Now, you can define expressions like " +"this:" +msgstr "" +"反斜杠和 unicode 字符：在 Python 3.12 之前，f-字符串表达式不能包含任何 ``\\`` 字符。 这也影响了 unicode " +":ref:`转义序列 ` (如 ``\\N{snowman}``)，因为这些序列包含 ``\\N`` " +"部分，而这部分以前不能作为 f-字符串表达式组件的一部分。 现在，你可以这样定义表达式：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:303 +msgid "See :pep:`701` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`701`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:305 +msgid "" +"As a positive side-effect of how this feature has been implemented (by " +"parsing f-strings with :pep:`the PEG parser <617>`), now error messages for " +"f-strings are more precise and include the exact location of the error. For " +"example, in Python 3.11, the following f-string raises a :exc:`SyntaxError`:" +msgstr "" +"实现此特性的一个正面的附带影响是（通过使用 :pep:`PEG 解析器 <617>` 来解析 f-字符串），现在 " +"f-字符串的错误消息会更加精确，包括错误的确切位置。例如，在 Python 3.11 中，下面的 f-字符串将引发一个 " +":exc:`SyntaxError` ：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:310 +msgid "" +">>> my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" (x z y)\n" +" ^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: f-string: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?" +msgstr "" +">>> my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" (x z y)\n" +" ^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: f-string: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:318 +msgid "" +"but the error message doesn't include the exact location of the error within" +" the line and also has the expression artificially surrounded by " +"parentheses. In Python 3.12, as f-strings are parsed with the PEG parser, " +"error messages can be more precise and show the entire line:" +msgstr "" +"但是错误消息不包括错误在行中的确切位置，而且表达式被人为地用括号括起来。在Python 3.12中，由于f-" +"字符串是用PEG解析器解析的，因此错误消息可以更精确，并显示整行：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:322 +msgid "" +">>> my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n" +" ^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?" +msgstr "" +">>> my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" my_string = f\"{x z y}\" + f\"{1 + 1}\"\n" +" ^^^\n" +"SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:330 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya, Lysandros Nikolaou, Cristián" +" Maureira-Fredes and Marta Gómez in :gh:`102856`. PEP written by Pablo " +"Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya, Lysandros Nikolaou and Marta Gómez)." +msgstr "" +"（由 Pablo Galindo、Batuhan Taskaya、 Lysandros Nikolaou、Cristián Maureira-" +"Fredes 和 Marta Gómez 在 :gh:`102856` 中贡献。 PEP 由 Pablo Galindo、 Batuhan " +"Taskaya、 Lysandros Nikolaou 和 Marta Gómez 撰写）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:337 +msgid "PEP 684: A Per-Interpreter GIL" +msgstr "PEP 684: 每解释器 GIL" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:339 +msgid "" +":pep:`684` introduces a per-interpreter :term:`GIL `, so that sub-interpreters may now be created with a unique GIL per " +"interpreter. This allows Python programs to take full advantage of multiple " +"CPU cores. This is currently only available through the C-API, though a " +"Python API is :pep:`anticipated for 3.13 <554>`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`684` 引入了每解释器 :term:`GIL `，使得现在可以创建带有单独的每解释器 " +"GIL 的子解释器。 这将允许 Python 程序充分利用多个 CPU 核心。 此特性目前仅能通过 C-API 使用，不过相应的 Python API " +":pep:`预计将在 3.13 中添加 <554>`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:345 +msgid "" +"Use the new :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` function to create an " +"interpreter with its own GIL:" +msgstr "使用新的 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` 函数来创建具有单独 GIL 的解释器：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:348 +msgid "" +"PyInterpreterConfig config = {\n" +" .check_multi_interp_extensions = 1,\n" +" .gil = PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL,\n" +"};\n" +"PyThreadState *tstate = NULL;\n" +"PyStatus status = Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig(&tstate, &config);\n" +"if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" return -1;\n" +"}\n" +"/* The new interpreter is now active in the current thread. */" +msgstr "" +"PyInterpreterConfig config = {\n" +" .check_multi_interp_extensions = 1,\n" +" .gil = PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL,\n" +"};\n" +"PyThreadState *tstate = NULL;\n" +"PyStatus status = Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig(&tstate, &config);\n" +"if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {\n" +" return -1;\n" +"}\n" +"/* 新解释器现已在当前线程中激活。 */" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:361 +msgid "" +"For further examples how to use the C-API for sub-interpreters with a per-" +"interpreter GIL, see ``Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c``." +msgstr "" +"有关如何将For further examples how to use the C-API 用于具有每解释器 GIL 的子解释器的更多示例，请参见 " +"``Modules/_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:364 +msgid "(Contributed by Eric Snow in :gh:`104210`, etc.)" +msgstr "（由 Eric Snow 在 :gh:`104210` 等中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:369 +msgid "PEP 669: Low impact monitoring for CPython" +msgstr "PEP 669：针对 CPython 的低影响监控" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:371 +msgid "" +":pep:`669` defines a new :mod:`API ` for profilers, " +"debuggers, and other tools to monitor events in CPython. It covers a wide " +"range of events, including calls, returns, lines, exceptions, jumps, and " +"more. This means that you only pay for what you use, providing support for " +"near-zero overhead debuggers and coverage tools. See :mod:`sys.monitoring` " +"for details." +msgstr "" +":pep:`669` 定义了一个新的 :mod:`API ` 用于性能分析器、调试器和其他在 CPython " +"中监控事件的工具。 它覆盖了大范围的事件，包括调用、返回、行、异常、跳转等等。 " +"这意味着你将只为你所使用的东西付出开销，提供了对近乎零开销的调试器和覆盖工具的支持。 请参阅 :mod:`sys.monitoring` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:379 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`103082`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Shannon 在 :gh:`103082` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:384 +msgid "PEP 688: Making the buffer protocol accessible in Python" +msgstr "PEP 688: 使缓冲区协议在Python中可访问" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:386 +msgid "" +":pep:`688` introduces a way to use the :ref:`buffer protocol " +"` from Python code. Classes that implement the " +":meth:`~object.__buffer__` method are now usable as buffer types." +msgstr "" +":pep:`688` 引入了一种在 Python 代码中使用 :ref:`缓冲区协议 ` 的方法。实现 " +":meth:`~object.__buffer__` 方法的类现在可以作为缓冲区类型使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:390 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`collections.abc.Buffer` ABC provides a standard way to " +"represent buffer objects, for example in type annotations. The new " +":class:`inspect.BufferFlags` enum represents the flags that can be used to " +"customize buffer creation. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`102500`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer` ABC（抽象基类）提供了一种表示缓冲区对象的标准方法，例如在类型注释中。 新的 " +":class:`inspect.BufferFlags` 枚举表示可用于自定义缓冲区创建的标志。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 " +":gh:`102500` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:399 +msgid "PEP 709: Comprehension inlining" +msgstr "PEP 709：推导式内联" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:401 +msgid "" +"Dictionary, list, and set comprehensions are now inlined, rather than " +"creating a new single-use function object for each execution of the " +"comprehension. This speeds up execution of a comprehension by up to two " +"times. See :pep:`709` for further details." +msgstr "" +"字典、列表和集合推导式现在都是内联的，而不是为每次执行推导式都创建一个新的一次性函数对象。 这样可以将推导式的执行速度提高最多两倍。 更多细节请参阅 " +":pep:`709`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:406 +msgid "" +"Comprehension iteration variables remain isolated and don't overwrite a " +"variable of the same name in the outer scope, nor are they visible after the" +" comprehension. Inlining does result in a few visible behavior changes:" +msgstr "推导式迭代变量将保持隔离而不会覆盖外作用域中的同名变量，在离开推导式后也不再可见。 内联确实会导致一些可见的行为变化：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:410 +msgid "" +"There is no longer a separate frame for the comprehension in tracebacks, and" +" tracing/profiling no longer shows the comprehension as a function call." +msgstr "回溯中的推导式不再有单独的帧，跟踪/评测也不再将推导式显示为函数调用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:412 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`symtable` module will no longer produce child symbol tables for " +"each comprehension; instead, the comprehension's locals will be included in " +"the parent function's symbol table." +msgstr ":mod:`symtable` 模块将不再为每个推导式产生子符号表；取而代之的是，推导式的 locals 将包括在父函数的符号表中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:415 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`locals` inside a comprehension now includes variables from " +"outside the comprehension, and no longer includes the synthetic ``.0`` " +"variable for the comprehension \"argument\"." +msgstr "在推导式内部调用 :func:`locals` 现在包括该推导式外部外部的变量，而不再包括推导式“参数”导致的 ``.0`` 合成变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:418 +msgid "" +"A comprehension iterating directly over ``locals()`` (e.g. ``[k for k in " +"locals()]``) may see \"RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during " +"iteration\" when run under tracing (e.g. code coverage measurement). This is" +" the same behavior already seen in e.g. ``for k in locals():``. To avoid the" +" error, first create a list of keys to iterate over: ``keys = " +"list(locals()); [k for k in keys]``." +msgstr "" +"一个直接迭代 ``locals()`` 的推导式 (例如 ``[k for k in locals()]``) 在启动追踪 (例如检测代码覆盖度) " +"的情况下运行时可能导致 \"RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration\"。 " +"此行为与现有的 ``for k in locals():`` 等代码保持一致。 要避免此错误，可先创建一个由键组成的列表用于迭代: ``keys = " +"list(locals()); [k for k in keys]``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:425 +msgid "(Contributed by Carl Meyer and Vladimir Matveev in :pep:`709`.)" +msgstr "（由 Carl Meyer 和 Vladimir Matveev 在 :pep:`709` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:428 +msgid "Improved Error Messages" +msgstr "改进的错误消息" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:430 +msgid "" +"Modules from the standard library are now potentially suggested as part of " +"the error messages displayed by the interpreter when a :exc:`NameError` is " +"raised to the top level. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`98254`.)" +msgstr "" +"当引发的 :exc:`NameError` 传播到最高层级时，解释器显示的错误消息可能将标准库中的模块作为建议的一部分。 （由 Pablo " +"Galindo 在 :gh:`98254` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Improve the error suggestion for :exc:`NameError` exceptions for instances. " +"Now if a :exc:`NameError` is raised in a method and the instance has an " +"attribute that's exactly equal to the name in the exception, the suggestion " +"will include ``self.`` instead of the closest match in the method " +"scope. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`99139`.)" +msgstr "" +"改进针对实例的 :exc:`NameError` 异常的错误建议。 现在如果在方法中引发了 :exc:`NameError` " +"而实例具有与异常中的名称完全相同的属性，建议将会包括 ``self.`` 而不是方法作用域中最接近的匹配项。 （由 Pablo " +"Galindo 在 :gh:`99139` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:459 +msgid "" +"Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` error message when the user types ``import x " +"from y`` instead of ``from y import x``. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in " +":gh:`98931`.)" +msgstr "" +"改进了当用户输入 ``import x from y`` 而不是 ``from y import x`` 时产生的 :exc:`SyntaxError`" +" 错误消息。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`98931` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:469 +msgid "" +":exc:`ImportError` exceptions raised from failed ``from import " +"`` statements now include suggestions for the value of ```` " +"based on the available names in ````. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo " +"in :gh:`91058`.)" +msgstr "" +"由失败的 ``from import `` 语句引发的 :exc:`ImportError` 异常现在会包括根据 " +"```` 中的可用名称对 ```` 的值提出的建议。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`91058` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:480 +msgid "New Features Related to Type Hints" +msgstr "有关类型提示的新增特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:482 +msgid "" +"This section covers major changes affecting :pep:`type hints <484>` and the " +":mod:`typing` module." +msgstr "本节介绍了影响 :pep:`类型提示 <484>` 和 :mod:`typing` 模块的主要更改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:488 +msgid "PEP 692: Using ``TypedDict`` for more precise ``**kwargs`` typing" +msgstr "PEP 692: 使用 ``TypedDict`` 进行更精确的 ``**kwargs`` 类型标注" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:490 +msgid "" +"Typing ``**kwargs`` in a function signature as introduced by :pep:`484` " +"allowed for valid annotations only in cases where all of the ``**kwargs`` " +"were of the same type." +msgstr "" +"在函数签名中的 ``**kwargs`` 类型标注（由 :pep:`484` 引入）只允许在所有 ``**kwargs`` " +"都属于同一类型的情况下进行有效标注。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:494 +msgid "" +":pep:`692` specifies a more precise way of typing ``**kwargs`` by relying on" +" typed dictionaries::" +msgstr ":pep:`692` 通过依赖类型化的字典规定了一种更精确的针对 ``**kwargs`` 的类型标注方式::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:497 +msgid "" +"from typing import TypedDict, Unpack\n" +"\n" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" name: str\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ..." +msgstr "" +"from typing import TypedDict, Unpack\n" +"\n" +"class Movie(TypedDict):\n" +" name: str\n" +" year: int\n" +"\n" +"def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:505 +msgid "See :pep:`692` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节请参见 :pep:`692`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:507 +msgid "(Contributed by Franek Magiera in :gh:`103629`.)" +msgstr "（由 Franek Magiera 在 :gh:`103629` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:512 +msgid "PEP 698: Override Decorator for Static Typing" +msgstr "PEP 698：覆盖静态类型的装饰器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:514 +msgid "" +"A new decorator :func:`typing.override` has been added to the :mod:`typing` " +"module. It indicates to type checkers that the method is intended to " +"override a method in a superclass. This allows type checkers to catch " +"mistakes where a method that is intended to override something in a base " +"class does not in fact do so." +msgstr "" +"一个新的装饰器 :func:`typing.override` 已添加到 :mod:`typing` 模块中。 " +"它向类型检查器指示该方法旨在重写超类中的方法。 这允许类型检查器在打算重写基类中的某个方法实际上没有重写的情况下捕获错误。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:520 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:522 +msgid "" +"from typing import override\n" +"\n" +"class Base:\n" +" def get_color(self) -> str:\n" +" return \"blue\"\n" +"\n" +"class GoodChild(Base):\n" +" @override # ok: overrides Base.get_color\n" +" def get_color(self) -> str:\n" +" return \"yellow\"\n" +"\n" +"class BadChild(Base):\n" +" @override # type checker error: does not override Base.get_color\n" +" def get_colour(self) -> str:\n" +" return \"red\"" +msgstr "" +"from typing import override\n" +"\n" +"class Base:\n" +" def get_color(self) -> str:\n" +" return \"blue\"\n" +"\n" +"class GoodChild(Base):\n" +" @override # 正确：重写 Base.get_color\n" +" def get_color(self) -> str:\n" +" return \"yellow\"\n" +"\n" +"class BadChild(Base):\n" +" @override # 类型检查错误：不能重写 Base.get_color\n" +" def get_colour(self) -> str:\n" +" return \"red\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:538 +msgid "See :pep:`698` for more details." +msgstr "更多细节参见 :pep:`698`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:540 +msgid "(Contributed by Steven Troxler in :gh:`101561`.)" +msgstr "（由 Steven Troxler 在 :gh:`101561` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:543 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:545 +msgid "" +"The parser now raises :exc:`SyntaxError` when parsing source code containing" +" null bytes. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`96670`.)" +msgstr "" +"解析器现在在解析包含空字节的源代码时引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`96670` 中贡献 " +"。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:548 +msgid "" +"A backslash-character pair that is not a valid escape sequence now generates" +" a :exc:`SyntaxWarning`, instead of :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. For example, " +"``re.compile(\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")`` now emits a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` " +"(``\"\\d\"`` is an invalid escape sequence, use raw strings for regular " +"expression: ``re.compile(r\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")``). In a future Python version, " +":exc:`SyntaxError` will eventually be raised, instead of " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`98401`.)" +msgstr "" +"不是有效转义序列的反斜杠加字符组合现在会生成 :exc:`SyntaxWarning`，而不是 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 " +"例如，``re.compile(\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")`` 现在会发出 :exc:`SyntaxWarning` (``\"\\d\"`` " +"是一个无效的转义序列，请使用原始字符串来表示正则表达式: ``re.compile(r\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")``)。 在未来的 Python " +"版本中，最终将引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`，而不是 :exc:`SyntaxWarning`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`98401` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:557 +msgid "" +"Octal escapes with value larger than ``0o377`` (ex: ``\"\\477\"``), " +"deprecated in Python 3.11, now produce a :exc:`SyntaxWarning`, instead of " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In a future Python version they will be " +"eventually a :exc:`SyntaxError`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`98401`.)" +msgstr "" +"值大于 ``0o377`` (例如: ``\"\\477\"``) 的八进制转义序列，在 Python 3.11 中已弃用，现在会产生 " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning`，而不是 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在未来的 Python 版本中，它们最终将是 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`98401` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:563 +msgid "" +"Variables used in the target part of comprehensions that are not stored to " +"can now be used in assignment expressions (``:=``). For example, in ``[(b :=" +" 1) for a, b.prop in some_iter]``, the assignment to ``b`` is now allowed. " +"Note that assigning to variables stored to in the target part of " +"comprehensions (like ``a``) is still disallowed, as per :pep:`572`. " +"(Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`100581`.)" +msgstr "" +"未存储在推导式目标部分中的变量现在可以在赋值表达式 (``:=``) 中使用。 例如，在 ``[(b := 1) for a, b.prop in " +"some_iter]`` 中，现在允许对 ``b`` 进行赋值。 请注意，根据 :pep:`572`，仍然不允许向存储在推导式目标部分中的变量 (如 " +"``a``) 赋值。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`100581` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:570 +msgid "" +"Exceptions raised in a class or type's ``__set_name__`` method are no longer" +" wrapped by a :exc:`RuntimeError`. Context information is added to the " +"exception as a :pep:`678` note. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in " +":gh:`77757`.)" +msgstr "" +"在类或类型对象的 ``__set_name__`` 方法中引发的异常不再由 :exc:`RuntimeError` 来包装。 上下文信息将作为 " +":pep:`678` 注释添加到异常中。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`77757` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:574 +msgid "" +"When a ``try-except*`` construct handles the entire :exc:`ExceptionGroup` " +"and raises one other exception, that exception is no longer wrapped in an " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup`. Also changed in version 3.11.4. (Contributed by Irit " +"Katriel in :gh:`103590`.)" +msgstr "" +"当 ``try-except*`` 构造处理整个 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 并引发另一个异常时，该异常不再封装在 " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` 中。 在 3.11.4 版中也进行了更改。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`103590` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:579 +msgid "" +"The Garbage Collector now runs only on the eval breaker mechanism of the " +"Python bytecode evaluation loop instead of object allocations. The GC can " +"also run when :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` is called so C extensions that " +"need to run for a long time without executing any Python code also have a " +"chance to execute the GC periodically. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in " +":gh:`97922`.)" +msgstr "" +"垃圾回收器现在只在 Python 字节码评估循环的 eval-breaker 机制上运行，而不是在对象分配上运行。 垃圾回收也可以在调用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` 时运行，因此需要长时间运行而不执行任何 Python 代码的 C " +"扩展也有机会定期执行垃圾回收。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`97922` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:586 +msgid "" +"All builtin and extension callables expecting boolean parameters now accept " +"arguments of any type instead of just :class:`bool` and :class:`int`. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`60203`.)" +msgstr "" +"所有期望布尔参数的内置和扩展可调用函数现在都接受任何类型的参数，而不仅仅是 :class:`bool` 和 :class:`int`。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`60203` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:590 +msgid "" +":class:`memoryview` now supports the half-float type (the \"e\" format " +"code). (Contributed by Donghee Na and Antoine Pitrou in :gh:`90751`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`memoryview` 现在支持半精度浮点类型（\"e\" 格式代码）。 （由 Donghee Na 和 Antoine Pitrou " +"在 :gh:`90751` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:593 +msgid "" +":class:`slice` objects are now hashable, allowing them to be used as dict " +"keys and set items. (Contributed by Will Bradshaw, Furkan Onder, and Raymond" +" Hettinger in :gh:`101264`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`slice` 对象现在是可哈希的，允许它们用作字典的键和集合项。 （由 Will Bradshaw、Furkan Onder 和 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`101264` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:596 +msgid "" +":func:`sum` now uses Neumaier summation to improve accuracy and " +"commutativity when summing floats or mixed ints and floats. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`100425`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`sum` 现在使用 Neumaier 求和算法以改善对浮点数或混合了整数和浮点数时求和运算的准确性和可换算性。 （由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 在 :gh:`100425` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:600 +msgid "" +":func:`ast.parse` now raises :exc:`SyntaxError` instead of :exc:`ValueError`" +" when parsing source code containing null bytes. (Contributed by Pablo " +"Galindo in :gh:`96670`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`ast.parse` 现在会在解析包含空字节的源代码时引发 :exc:`SyntaxError` 而不是 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`96670` 中贡献 。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:604 +msgid "" +"The extraction methods in :mod:`tarfile`, and :func:`shutil.unpack_archive`," +" have a new a *filter* argument that allows limiting tar features than may " +"be surprising or dangerous, such as creating files outside the destination " +"directory. See :ref:`tarfile extraction filters `" +" for details. In Python 3.14, the default will switch to ``'data'``. " +"(Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :pep:`706`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile` 中的提取方法和 :func:`shutil.unpack_archive` 有一个新的 *filter* " +"参数，它允许限制可能令人惊讶或危险的 tar 功能，例如在目标目录之外创建文件。 相关细节请参阅 :ref:`tarfile 提取过滤器 " +"`。 在 Python 3.14 中。默认值将切换为 ``'data'``。 （由 Petr " +"Viktorin 在 :pep:`706` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:612 +msgid "" +":class:`types.MappingProxyType` instances are now hashable if the underlying" +" mapping is hashable. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`87995`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果底层映射是可哈希的，那么 :class:`types.MappingProxyType` 实例现在是可哈希的。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :gh:`87995` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:616 +msgid "" +"Add :ref:`support for the perf profiler ` through the new " +"environment variable :envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` and command-line option " +":option:`-X perf <-X>`, as well as the new " +":func:`sys.activate_stack_trampoline`, " +":func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline`, and " +":func:`sys.is_stack_trampoline_active` functions. (Design by Pablo Galindo. " +"Contributed by Pablo Galindo and Christian Heimes with contributions from " +"Gregory P. Smith [Google] and Mark Shannon in :gh:`96123`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过新的环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONPERFSUPPORT` 和命令行选项 :option:`-X perf <-X>` 以及新的 " +":func:`sys.activate_stack_trampoline`, " +":func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline` 和 " +":func:`sys.is_stack_trampoline_active` 函数添加了对 :ref:`perf 性能分析器的支持 " +"`。 （由 Pablo Galindo 设计。 由 Pablo Galindo 和 Christian Heimes 在" +" :gh:`96123` 中贡献并包含来自 Gregory P. Smith [Google] 和 Mark Shannon 的帮助。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:628 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:630 +msgid "None." +msgstr "无。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:634 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:637 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:639 +msgid "" +"The :class:`array.array` class now supports subscripting, making it a " +":term:`generic type`. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`98658`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`array.array` 类现在支持下标，使其成为 :term:`generic type`。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 " +":gh:`98658` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:643 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:645 +msgid "" +"The performance of writing to sockets in :mod:`asyncio` has been " +"significantly improved. ``asyncio`` now avoids unnecessary copying when " +"writing to sockets and uses :meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg` if the platform " +"supports it. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`91166`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`asyncio` 中写入套接字的性能得到了显著提高。 ``asyncio`` " +"现在可以避免在写入套接字时进行不必要的复制，并在平台支持的情况下使用 :meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg`。 （由 Kumar " +"Aditya 在 :gh:`91166` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:650 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`asyncio.eager_task_factory` and " +":func:`asyncio.create_eager_task_factory` functions to allow opting an event" +" loop in to eager task execution, making some use-cases 2x to 5x faster. " +"(Contributed by Jacob Bower & Itamar Oren in :gh:`102853`, :gh:`104140`, and" +" :gh:`104138`)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`asyncio.eager_task_factory` 和 " +":func:`asyncio.create_eager_task_factory` 函数以允许在主动型任务执行中选择事件循环，使某些用例的速度提升了 2" +" 至 5 倍。 （由 Jacob Bower 和 Itamar Oren 在 :gh:`102853`, :gh:`104140` 和 " +":gh:`104138` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:655 +msgid "" +"On Linux, :mod:`asyncio` uses :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` by default " +"if :func:`os.pidfd_open` is available and functional instead of " +":class:`asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher`. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`98024`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 上，如果 :func:`os.pidfd_open` 可用且能工作则 :mod:`asyncio` 默认会使用 " +":class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` 而不是 " +":class:`asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher`。 （由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`98024` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:660 +msgid "" +"The event loop now uses the best available child watcher for each platform " +"(:class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` if supported and " +":class:`asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher` otherwise), so manually configuring a " +"child watcher is not recommended. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在事件循环会针对每个平台使用最佳的可用子监视器 (在受支持的情况下使用 :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher`，否则使用" +" :class:`asyncio.ThreadedChildWatcher`)，因此不建议手动配置子监视器。 （由 Kumar Aditya 在 " +":gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:666 +msgid "" +"Add *loop_factory* parameter to :func:`asyncio.run` to allow specifying a " +"custom event loop factory. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`99388`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`asyncio.run` 添加了形参 *loop_factory*，以允许指定自定义事件循环工厂。 （由 Kumar Aditya 在" +" :gh:`99388` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:670 +msgid "" +"Add C implementation of :func:`asyncio.current_task` for 4x-6x speedup. " +"(Contributed by Itamar Oren and Pranav Thulasiram Bhat in :gh:`100344`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`asyncio.current_task` 的 C 实现以实现 4 - 6 倍的加速。 （由 Itamar Oren 和 " +"Pranav Thulasiram Bhat 在 :gh:`100344` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:673 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.iscoroutine` now returns ``False`` for generators as " +":mod:`asyncio` does not support legacy generator-based coroutines. " +"(Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`102748`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.iscoroutine` 现在为生成器返回 ``False``，因为 :mod:`asyncio` " +"不支持传统的基于生成器的协程。 （由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`102748` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:677 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.wait` and :func:`asyncio.as_completed` now accepts generators" +" yielding tasks. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`78530`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.wait` 和 :func:`asyncio.as_completed` 现在接受生成器 yield 任务。 （由 " +"Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`78530` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:682 +msgid "calendar" +msgstr "calendar" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:684 +msgid "" +"Add enums :data:`calendar.Month` and :data:`calendar.Day` defining months of" +" the year and days of the week. (Contributed by Prince Roshan in " +":gh:`103636`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了枚举 :data:`calendar.Month` 和 :data:`calendar.Day` 来定义年份中的每一月和星期中的每一日。 （由 " +"Prince Roshan 在 :gh:`103636` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:689 +msgid "csv" +msgstr "csv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:691 +msgid "" +"Add :const:`csv.QUOTE_NOTNULL` and :const:`csv.QUOTE_STRINGS` flags to " +"provide finer grained control of ``None`` and empty strings by " +":class:`~csv.reader` and :class:`~csv.writer` objects." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :const:`csv.QUOTE_NOTNULL` 和 :const:`csv.QUOTE_STRINGS` 旗标以通过 " +":class:`~csv.reader` 和 :class:`~csv.writer` 对象来提供对 ``None`` 和空字符串更细粒度的控制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:696 +msgid "dis" +msgstr "dis" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:698 +msgid "" +"Pseudo instruction opcodes (which are used by the compiler but do not appear" +" in executable bytecode) are now exposed in the :mod:`dis` module. " +":opcode:`HAVE_ARGUMENT` is still relevant to real opcodes, but it is not " +"useful for pseudo instructions. Use the new :data:`dis.hasarg` collection " +"instead. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`94216`.)" +msgstr "" +"伪指令操作码（由编译器使用但不会出现在可执行字节码中）现在将暴露在 :mod:`dis` 模块中。 :opcode:`HAVE_ARGUMENT` " +"仍然与实际的操作码相关，但对伪指令来说没有用处。 请改用新的 :data:`dis.hasarg` 多项集。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":gh:`94216` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:706 +msgid "" +"Add the :data:`dis.hasexc` collection to signify instructions that set an " +"exception handler. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`94216`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :data:`dis.hasexc` 多项集来表示设置异常处理器的指令。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`94216` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:710 +msgid "fractions" +msgstr "fractions" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:712 +msgid "" +"Objects of type :class:`fractions.Fraction` now support float-style " +"formatting. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :gh:`100161`.)" +msgstr "" +"类型为 :class:`fractions.Fraction` 的对象现在支持浮点格式。 （由 Mark Dickinson 在 " +":gh:`100161` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:716 +msgid "importlib.resources" +msgstr "importlib.resources" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:718 +msgid "" +":func:`importlib.resources.as_file` now supports resource directories. " +"(Contributed by Jason R. Coombs in :gh:`97930`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`importlib.resources.as_file` 现在将支持资源目录。 （由 Jason R. Coombs 在 " +":gh:`97930` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:721 +msgid "" +"Rename first parameter of :func:`importlib.resources.files` to *anchor*. " +"(Contributed by Jason R. Coombs in :gh:`100598`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 :func:`importlib.resources.files` 的第一个形参重命名为 *anchor*。 （由 Jason R. Coombs " +"在 :gh:`100598` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:725 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:727 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`inspect.markcoroutinefunction` to mark sync functions that return" +" a :term:`coroutine` for use with :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`. " +"(Contributed by Carlton Gibson in :gh:`99247`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`inspect.markcoroutinefunction` 来标记返回 :term:`coroutine` 的同步函数以便与 " +":func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` 一起使用。 （由 Carlton Gibson 在 :gh:`99247` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:731 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`inspect.getasyncgenstate` and :func:`inspect.getasyncgenlocals` " +"for determining the current state of asynchronous generators. (Contributed " +"by Thomas Krennwallner in :gh:`79940`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 :func:`inspect.getasyncgenstate` 和 :func:`inspect.getasyncgenlocals` " +"用来确定异步发生器的当前状态。 （由 Thomas Krennwallner 在 :gh:`79940` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:735 +msgid "" +"The performance of :func:`inspect.getattr_static` has been considerably " +"improved. Most calls to the function should be at least 2x faster than they " +"were in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`103193`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`inspect.getattr_static` 的性能已得到显著提升。 对该函数的大多数调用相比 Python 3.11 至少应有 2 " +"倍的加速。 （由 Alex Waygood 在 :gh:`103193` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:740 +msgid "itertools" +msgstr "itertools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:742 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`itertools.batched` for collecting into even-sized tuples where " +"the last batch may be shorter than the rest. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger in :gh:`98363`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`itertools.batched` 用来将数据收集为相同大小的元组，其中最后一个批次的长度可能会比其余的批次短。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`98363` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:747 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:749 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`math.sumprod` for computing a sum of products. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`100485`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`math.sumprod` 用于计算乘积之和。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`100485` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:752 +msgid "" +"Extend :func:`math.nextafter` to include a *steps* argument for moving up or" +" down multiple steps at a time. (Contributed by Matthias Goergens, Mark " +"Dickinson, and Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`94906`.)" +msgstr "" +"扩展了 :func:`math.nextafter` 以包括一个 *steps* 参数用于一次性向上或向下移动多步。 （由 Matthias " +"Goergens, Mark Dickinson 和 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`94906` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:757 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:759 +msgid "" +"Add :const:`os.PIDFD_NONBLOCK` to open a file descriptor for a process with " +":func:`os.pidfd_open` in non-blocking mode. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`93312`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :const:`os.PIDFD_NONBLOCK` 以在非阻塞模式下打开具有 :func:`os.pidfd_open` 的进程的文件描述符。" +" （由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`93312` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:763 +msgid "" +":class:`os.DirEntry` now includes an :meth:`os.DirEntry.is_junction` method " +"to check if the entry is a junction. (Contributed by Charles Machalow in " +":gh:`99547`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`os.DirEntry` 现在包括一个 :meth:`os.DirEntry.is_junction` 方法来检查该条目是否为目录联接。" +" （由 Charles Machalow 在 :gh:`99547` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:767 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`os.listdrives`, :func:`os.listvolumes` and :func:`os.listmounts` " +"functions on Windows for enumerating drives, volumes and mount points. " +"(Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`102519`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 版中添加 :func:`os.listdrives`、:func:`os.listvolumes` 和 " +":func:`os.listmounts` 函数，用于枚举驱动器、卷和挂载点。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :gh:`102519` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:771 +msgid "" +":func:`os.stat` and :func:`os.lstat` are now more accurate on Windows. The " +"``st_birthtime`` field will now be filled with the creation time of the " +"file, and ``st_ctime`` is deprecated but still contains the creation time " +"(but in the future will return the last metadata change, for consistency " +"with other platforms). ``st_dev`` may be up to 64 bits and ``st_ino`` up to " +"128 bits depending on your file system, and ``st_rdev`` is always set to " +"zero rather than incorrect values. Both functions may be significantly " +"faster on newer releases of Windows. (Contributed by Steve Dower in " +":gh:`99726`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.stat` 和 :func:`os.lstat` 现在在 Windows 系统上更准确了。 ``st_birthtime`` " +"字段现在将使用文件的创建时间，``st_ctime`` 已弃用，但仍包含创建时间（但为了与其他平台保持一致，将来将返回最后一次元数据更改时间）。 " +"``st_dev`` 可以高达 64 位，``st_ino`` 可以高达 128 位，具体取决于你的文件系统，并且 ``st_rdev`` " +"始终设置为零，而非不正确的值。 这两个函数在较新版本的 Windows 上将会明显更快。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :gh:`99726` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:782 +msgid "os.path" +msgstr "os.path" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:784 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`os.path.isjunction` to check if a given path is a junction. " +"(Contributed by Charles Machalow in :gh:`99547`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 :func:`os.path.isjunction` 以检查给定路径是否为目录联接。 （由 Charles Machalow 在 " +":gh:`99547` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:787 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`os.path.splitroot` to split a path into a triad ``(drive, root, " +"tail)``. (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`101000`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 :func:`os.path.splitroot` 以将路径拆分为三元组 ``(drive, root, tail)``。（由 Barney " +"Gale 在 :gh:`101000` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:791 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:793 +msgid "" +"Add support for subclassing :class:`pathlib.PurePath` and " +":class:`pathlib.Path`, plus their Posix- and Windows-specific variants. " +"Subclasses may override the :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_segments` method to" +" pass information between path instances." +msgstr "" +"增加对子类化 :class:`pathlib.PurePath` 和 :class:`pathlib.Path`，加上它们的 Posix 和 " +"Windows 专属变体形式的支持。 子类可以重载 :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_segments` " +"方法来在路径实例之间传递信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:798 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.walk` for walking the directory trees and generating" +" all file or directory names within them, similar to :func:`os.walk`. " +"(Contributed by Stanislav Zmiev in :gh:`90385`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 :meth:`pathlib.Path.walk` 用于遍历目录树并生成其中的所有文件或目录名，类似于 :func:`os.walk`。 （由 " +"Stanislav Zmiev 在 :gh:`90385` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:802 +msgid "" +"Add *walk_up* optional parameter to :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` to " +"allow the insertion of ``..`` entries in the result; this behavior is more " +"consistent with :func:`os.path.relpath`. (Contributed by Domenico Ragusa in " +":gh:`84538`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` 中添加了 *walk_up* 可选形参以允许在结果中插入``..`` " +"条目；此行为与 :func:`os.path.relpath` 更为一致。（由 Domenico Ragusa 在 :gh:`84538` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:807 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.is_junction` as a proxy to " +":func:`os.path.isjunction`. (Contributed by Charles Machalow in " +":gh:`99547`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 :meth:`pathlib.Path.is_junction` 作为 :func:`os.path.isjunction` 的代理。 （由 " +"Charles Machalow 在 :gh:`99547` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:810 +msgid "" +"Add *case_sensitive* optional parameter to :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob`, " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.rglob` and :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.match` for matching " +"the path's case sensitivity, allowing for more precise control over the " +"matching process." +msgstr "" +"为 :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob`、:meth:`pathlib.Path.rglob` 和 " +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.match` 添加可选形参 " +"*case_sensitive*，以匹配路径的大小写敏感性，从而对匹配过程进行更精确的控制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:815 +msgid "platform" +msgstr "平台" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:817 +msgid "" +"Add support for detecting Windows 11 and Windows Server releases past 2012. " +"Previously, lookups on Windows Server platforms newer than Windows Server " +"2012 and on Windows 11 would return ``Windows-10``. (Contributed by Steve " +"Dower in :gh:`89545`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了对 Windows 11 和 Windows Server 2012 之后的发行版的检测。 在之前版本中，在 Windows Server " +"2012 以上的 Windows Server 平台和 Windows 11 上的查询将返回 ``Windows-10``。 （由 Steve " +"Dower 在 :gh:`89545` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:823 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:825 +msgid "" +"Add convenience variables to hold values temporarily for debug session and " +"provide quick access to values like the current frame or the return value. " +"(Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`103693`.)" +msgstr "添加便利变量以临时保存调试会话的值，并提供对当前帧或返回值等值的快速访问。 （由高天在 :gh:`103693` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:831 +msgid "random" +msgstr "random" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:833 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`random.binomialvariate`. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in " +":gh:`81620`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`random.binomialvariate`。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`81620` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:836 +msgid "" +"Add a default of ``lambd=1.0`` to :func:`random.expovariate`. (Contributed " +"by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`100234`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`random.expovariate` 中添加默认值 ``lambd=1.0`` 。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":gh:`100234` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:840 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:842 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.make_archive` now passes the *root_dir* argument to custom " +"archivers which support it. In this case it no longer temporarily changes " +"the current working directory of the process to *root_dir* to perform " +"archiving. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`74696`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.make_archive` 现在将 *rootdir* 参数传递给支持它的自定义存档程序。 " +"在这种情况下，它不再临时将进程的当前工作目录更改为 *rootdir* 来执行存档。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`74696`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:848 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.rmtree` now accepts a new argument *onexc* which is an error " +"handler like *onerror* but which expects an exception instance rather than a" +" *(typ, val, tb)* triplet. *onerror* is deprecated. (Contributed by Irit " +"Katriel in :gh:`102828`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.rmtree` 现在接受一个新的参数 *onexc*，它是一个类似 *onerror* " +"的错误处理器，但它接受一个异常实例而不是一个 *(typ, val, tb)* 三元组。 *onerror* 已被弃用。 （由 Irit Katriel" +" 在 :gh:`102828` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:853 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.which` now consults the *PATHEXT* environment variable to find" +" matches within *PATH* on Windows even when the given *cmd* includes a " +"directory component. (Contributed by Charles Machalow in :gh:`103179`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.which` 现在即使给定的 *cmd* 包含目录组件，在 Windows 系统上也会参考 *PATHEXT* 环境变量在 " +"*PATH* 中查找匹配项。 （由 Charles Machalow 在 :gh:`103179` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:858 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.which` will call ``NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW`` when " +"querying for executables on Windows to determine if the current working " +"directory should be prepended to the search path. (Contributed by Charles " +"Machalow in :gh:`103179`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.which` 将在 Windows 上查询可执行文件时调用 " +"``NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW``，以确定是否应将当前工作目录预先设置为搜索路径。 （由 Charles " +"Machalow 在 :gh:`103179` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:863 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.which` will return a path matching the *cmd* with a component " +"from ``PATHEXT`` prior to a direct match elsewhere in the search path on " +"Windows. (Contributed by Charles Machalow in :gh:`103179`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上 :func:`shutil.which` 将在搜索路径的其他地方直接匹配之前返回 *cmd* 与来自 ``PATHEXT`` " +"的组件相匹配的路径。 （由 Charles Machalow 在 :gh:`103179` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:869 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1544 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:871 +msgid "" +"Add a :ref:`command-line interface `. (Contributed by Erlend E." +" Aasland in :gh:`77617`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了一个 :ref:`命令行接口 `。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`77617` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:874 +msgid "" +"Add the :attr:`sqlite3.Connection.autocommit` attribute to " +":class:`sqlite3.Connection` and the *autocommit* parameter to " +":func:`sqlite3.connect` to control :pep:`249`-compliant :ref:`transaction " +"handling `. (Contributed by Erlend " +"E. Aasland in :gh:`83638`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`sqlite3.Connection` 添加 :attr:`sqlite3.Connection.autocommit` 属性并向 " +":func:`sqlite3.connect` 添加 *autocommit* 形参用于控制兼容 :pep:`249` 的 :ref:`事务处理 " +"`。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 " +":gh:`83638` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:881 +msgid "" +"Add *entrypoint* keyword-only parameter to " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.load_extension`, for overriding the SQLite " +"extension entry point. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`103015`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.load_extension` 添加 *entrypoint* 仅限关键字形参，用于覆盖 " +"SQLite 扩展入口点。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`103015` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:886 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.getconfig` and " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.setconfig` to :class:`sqlite3.Connection` to make " +"configuration changes to a database connection. (Contributed by Erlend E. " +"Aasland in :gh:`103489`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :class:`sqlite3.Connection` 添加 :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.getconfig` 和 " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.setconfig` 用于对数据库连接进行配置修改。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 " +":gh:`103489` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:892 +msgid "statistics" +msgstr "statistics" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:894 +msgid "" +"Extend :func:`statistics.correlation` to include as a ``ranked`` method for " +"computing the Spearman correlation of ranked data. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger in :gh:`95861`.)" +msgstr "" +"扩展 :func:`statistics.correlation` 以 ``ranked`` 方法的形式包括对分级数据的斯皮尔曼相关性计算。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`95861` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:899 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:901 +msgid "" +"Add the :mod:`sys.monitoring` namespace to expose the new :ref:`PEP 669 " +"` monitoring API. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in " +":gh:`103082`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :mod:`sys.monitoring` 命名空间以公开新的 :ref:`PEP 669 ` 监控 " +"API。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :gh:`103082` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:905 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`sys.activate_stack_trampoline` and " +":func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline` for activating and deactivating " +"stack profiler trampolines, and :func:`sys.is_stack_trampoline_active` for " +"querying if stack profiler trampolines are active. (Contributed by Pablo " +"Galindo and Christian Heimes with contributions from Gregory P. Smith " +"[Google] and Mark Shannon in :gh:`96123`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`sys.activate_stack_trampoline` 和 " +":func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline` 用于激活和停用栈性能分析器 trampoline，以及 " +":func:`sys.is_stack_trampoline_active` 用于查询栈性能分析器 trampoline 是否激活。 （基于 " +"Gregory P. Smith [Google] 和 Mark Shannon 的贡献由 Pablo Galindo 和 Christian " +"Heimes 在 :gh:`96123` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:914 +msgid "" +"Add :data:`sys.last_exc` which holds the last unhandled exception that was " +"raised (for post-mortem debugging use cases). Deprecate the three fields " +"that have the same information in its legacy form: :data:`sys.last_type`, " +":data:`sys.last_value` and :data:`sys.last_traceback`. (Contributed by Irit " +"Katriel in :gh:`102778`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :data:`sys.last_exc` 用于保存最新引发的未处理异常（针对事后调试的应用场景）。 弃用了以三个字段来保存相同信息的旧形式: " +":data:`sys.last_type`, :data:`sys.last_value` 和 :data:`sys.last_traceback`。 " +"（由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`102778` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:920 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1739 +msgid "" +":func:`sys._current_exceptions` now returns a mapping from thread-id to an " +"exception instance, rather than to a ``(typ, exc, tb)`` tuple. (Contributed " +"by Irit Katriel in :gh:`103176`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`sys._current_exceptions` 将返回从线程 ID 到异常实例的映射，而不是到 ``(typ, exc, " +"tb)`` 元组的映射。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`103176` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:924 +msgid "" +":func:`sys.setrecursionlimit` and :func:`sys.getrecursionlimit`. The " +"recursion limit now applies only to Python code. Builtin functions do not " +"use the recursion limit, but are protected by a different mechanism that " +"prevents recursion from causing a virtual machine crash." +msgstr "" +":func:`sys.setrecursionlimit` 和 :func:`sys.getrecursionlimit`。 递归限制现在只应用于 " +"Python 代码。 内置函数不使用该递归限制，但受到另一种可防止递归导致虚拟机崩溃的机制保护。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:930 +msgid "tempfile" +msgstr "tempfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:932 +msgid "" +"The :class:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` function has a new optional " +"parameter *delete_on_close* (Contributed by Evgeny Zorin in :gh:`58451`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` 函数增加了一个新的可选形参 *delete_on_close*。 （由 " +"Evgeny Zorin 在 :gh:`58451` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:934 +msgid "" +":func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` now always returns an absolute path, even if the " +"argument provided to the *dir* parameter is a relative path." +msgstr ":func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` 现在将总是返回一个绝对路径，即使提供给 *dir* 形参的参数是一个相对路径。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:938 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:940 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`threading.settrace_all_threads` and " +":func:`threading.setprofile_all_threads` that allow to set tracing and " +"profiling functions in all running threads in addition to the calling one. " +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`93503`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`threading.settrace_all_threads` 和 " +":func:`threading.setprofile_all_threads` " +"以允许在所运行的全部线程中设置追踪和性能分析函数而不是只在调用方线程中。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`93503` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:946 +msgid "tkinter" +msgstr "tkinter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:948 +msgid "" +"``tkinter.Canvas.coords()`` now flattens its arguments. It now accepts not " +"only coordinates as separate arguments (``x1, y1, x2, y2, ...``) and a " +"sequence of coordinates (``[x1, y1, x2, y2, ...]``), but also coordinates " +"grouped in pairs (``(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ...`` and ``[(x1, y1), (x2, y2), " +"...]``), like ``create_*()`` methods. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`94473`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``tkinter.Canvas.coords()`` 会展平其参数。 它现在不仅接受单独参数形式的坐标 (``x1, y1, x2, y2, " +"...``) 以及由坐标组成的序列 (``[x1, y1, x2, y2, ...]``)，也接受成对分组 (``(x1, y1), (x2, y2)," +" ...`` 和 ``[(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ...]``) 形式的坐标，就像 ``create_*()`` 方法一样。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`94473` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:957 +msgid "tokenize" +msgstr "tokenize" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:959 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tokenize` module includes the changes introduced in :pep:`701`. " +"(Contributed by Marta Gómez Macías and Pablo Galindo in :gh:`102856`.) See " +":ref:`whatsnew312-porting-to-python312` for more information on the changes " +"to the :mod:`tokenize` module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tokenize` 模块包括了 :pep:`701` 所引入的更改。 （由 Marta Gómez Macías 和 Pablo " +"Galindo 在 :gh:`102856` 中贡献。） 请参阅 :ref:`whatsnew312-porting-to-python312` " +"了解有关对 :mod:`tokenize` 模块的更改详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:965 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:967 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`types.get_original_bases` to allow for further introspection of " +":ref:`user-defined-generics` when subclassed. (Contributed by James Hilton-" +"Balfe and Alex Waygood in :gh:`101827`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`types.get_original_bases` 以允许在子类化时继续对 :ref:`user-defined-" +"generics` 进行内省。 （由 James Hilton-Balfe 和 Alex Waygood 在 :gh:`101827` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:974 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:976 +msgid "" +":func:`isinstance` checks against :func:`runtime-checkable protocols " +"` now use :func:`inspect.getattr_static` rather " +"than :func:`hasattr` to lookup whether attributes exist. This means that " +"descriptors and :meth:`~object.__getattr__` methods are no longer " +"unexpectedly evaluated during ``isinstance()`` checks against runtime-" +"checkable protocols. However, it may also mean that some objects which used " +"to be considered instances of a runtime-checkable protocol may no longer be " +"considered instances of that protocol on Python 3.12+, and vice versa. Most " +"users are unlikely to be affected by this change. (Contributed by Alex " +"Waygood in :gh:`102433`.)" +msgstr "" +"针对 :func:`运行时可检测协议 ` 的 :func:`isinstance` 检测现在会使用 " +":func:`inspect.getattr_static` 而不是 :func:`hasattr` 来查找属性是否存在。 这意味着描述器和 " +":meth:`~object.__getattr__` 方法在针对运行时可检测协议的 ``isinstance()`` 检测期间不会被意外地求值。 " +"但是，这也意味着某些原来被视为运行时可检测协议的实例的对象在 Python 3.12+ 上将不再被视为运行时可检测协议的实例，反之亦然。 " +"大部分用户都不太可能受到这一改变的影响。 （由 Alex Waygood 在 :gh:`102433` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:987 +msgid "" +"The members of a runtime-checkable protocol are now considered \"frozen\" at" +" runtime as soon as the class has been created. Monkey-patching attributes " +"onto a runtime-checkable protocol will still work, but will have no impact " +"on :func:`isinstance` checks comparing objects to the protocol. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +"现在运行时可检测协议的成员在运行时一旦创建了相应的类就将被视为“已冻结”。 " +"作用于运行时可检测协议的猴子补丁属性将仍然可用，但不会再影响将对象与协议进行比较的 :func:`isinstance` 检测中。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:992 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable\n" +">>> @runtime_checkable\n" +"... class HasX(Protocol):\n" +"... x = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Foo: ...\n" +"...\n" +">>> f = Foo()\n" +">>> isinstance(f, HasX)\n" +"False\n" +">>> f.x = 1\n" +">>> isinstance(f, HasX)\n" +"True\n" +">>> HasX.y = 2\n" +">>> isinstance(f, HasX) # unchanged, even though HasX now also has a \"y\" attribute\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable\n" +">>> @runtime_checkable\n" +"... class HasX(Protocol):\n" +"... x = 1\n" +"...\n" +">>> class Foo: ...\n" +"...\n" +">>> f = Foo()\n" +">>> isinstance(f, HasX)\n" +"False\n" +">>> f.x = 1\n" +">>> isinstance(f, HasX)\n" +"True\n" +">>> HasX.y = 2\n" +">>> isinstance(f, HasX) # 无变化，虽然 HasX 现在也有一个 \"y\" 属性\n" +"True" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"This change was made in order to speed up ``isinstance()`` checks against " +"runtime-checkable protocols." +msgstr "应用这项改变是为了提高针对运行时可检测协议的 ``isinstance()`` 检测速度。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"The performance profile of :func:`isinstance` checks against :func:`runtime-" +"checkable protocols ` has changed significantly. " +"Most ``isinstance()`` checks against protocols with only a few members " +"should be at least 2x faster than in 3.11, and some may be 20x faster or " +"more. However, ``isinstance()`` checks against protocols with many members " +"may be slower than in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Alex Waygood in " +":gh:`74690` and :gh:`103193`.)" +msgstr "" +"针对 :func:`运行时可检测协议 ` 的 :func:`isinstance` " +"检测的性能表现有显著的改进。 对于仅有少量成员的协议的大部分 ``isinstance()`` 检测相比 3.11 应当至少有 2 倍的加速。 " +"不过，对于具有大量成员的协议的 ``isinstance()`` 检测可能会慢于 Python 3.11。 （由 Alex Waygood 在 " +":gh:`74690` 和 :gh:`103193` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"All :data:`typing.TypedDict` and :data:`typing.NamedTuple` classes now have " +"the ``__orig_bases__`` attribute. (Contributed by Adrian Garcia Badaracco in" +" :gh:`103699`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在所有 :data:`typing.TypedDict` 和 :data:`typing.NamedTuple` 类都具有 " +"``__orig_bases__`` 属性。 （由 Adrian Garcia Badaracco 在 :gh:`103699` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"Add ``frozen_default`` parameter to :func:`typing.dataclass_transform`. " +"(Contributed by Erik De Bonte in :gh:`99957`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :func:`typing.dataclass_transform` 添加了 ``frozen_default`` 形参。 （由 Erik De " +"Bonte 在 :gh:`99957` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1028 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1030 +msgid "" +"The Unicode database has been updated to version 15.0.0. (Contributed by " +"Benjamin Peterson in :gh:`96734`)." +msgstr "Unicode 数据库已更新到 15.0.0 版。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 :gh:`96734` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1034 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1584 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"Add a ``--durations`` command line option, showing the N slowest test " +"cases::" +msgstr "增加了 ``--durations`` 命令行选项，显示 N 个最慢的测试用例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1038 +msgid "" +"python3 -m unittest --durations=3 lib.tests.test_threading\n" +".....\n" +"Slowest test durations\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"1.210s test_timeout (Lib.test.test_threading.BarrierTests)\n" +"1.003s test_default_timeout (Lib.test.test_threading.BarrierTests)\n" +"0.518s test_timeout (Lib.test.test_threading.EventTests)\n" +"\n" +"(0.000 durations hidden. Use -v to show these durations.)\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 158 tests in 9.869s\n" +"\n" +"OK (skipped=3)" +msgstr "" +"python3 -m unittest --durations=3 lib.tests.test_threading\n" +".....\n" +"Slowest test durations\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"1.210s test_timeout (Lib.test.test_threading.BarrierTests)\n" +"1.003s test_default_timeout (Lib.test.test_threading.BarrierTests)\n" +"0.518s test_timeout (Lib.test.test_threading.EventTests)\n" +"\n" +"(0.000 durations hidden. Use -v to show these durations.)\n" +"----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" +"Ran 158 tests in 9.869s\n" +"\n" +"OK (skipped=3)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1052 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola in :gh:`48330`)" +msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodola 在 :gh:`48330` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1055 +msgid "uuid" +msgstr "uuid" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"Add a :ref:`command-line interface `. (Contributed by Adam Chhina " +"in :gh:`88597`.)" +msgstr "增加了一个 :ref:`命令行接口 `。 （由 Adam Chhina 在 :gh:`88597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1062 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1064 +msgid "" +"Remove ``wstr`` and ``wstr_length`` members from Unicode objects. It reduces" +" object size by 8 or 16 bytes on 64bit platform. (:pep:`623`) (Contributed " +"by Inada Naoki in :gh:`92536`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 Unicode 对象中移除了 ``wstr`` 和 ``wstr_length`` 成员。 这使得对象大小在 64 位平台上减少了 8 个或 16 " +"个字节。 (:pep:`623`) （由 Inada Naoki 在 :gh:`92536` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"Add experimental support for using the BOLT binary optimizer in the build " +"process, which improves performance by 1-5%. (Contributed by Kevin " +"Modzelewski in :gh:`90536` and tuned by Donghee Na in :gh:`101525`)" +msgstr "" +"增加了在构建进程中使用 BOLT 二进制优化器的实验性支持，这将使得性能提升 1-5%。 （由 Kevin Modzelewski 在 " +":gh:`90536` 中贡献并由 Donghee Na 在 :gh:`101525` 中微调。 ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1072 +msgid "" +"Speed up the regular expression substitution (functions :func:`re.sub` and " +":func:`re.subn` and corresponding :class:`!re.Pattern` methods) for " +"replacement strings containing group references by 2--3 times. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91524`.)" +msgstr "" +"对于包含分组引用的替换字符串的正则表达式替换（包括 :func:`re.sub` 和 :func:`re.subn` 函数及对应的 " +":class:`!re.Pattern` 方法）可加速 2--3 倍。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91524` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"Speed up :class:`asyncio.Task` creation by deferring expensive string " +"formatting. (Contributed by Itamar Oren in :gh:`103793`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过推迟高消耗的字符串格式化来加速 :class:`asyncio.Task` 的创建的。 （由 Itamar Oren 在 :gh:`103793` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"The :func:`tokenize.tokenize` and :func:`tokenize.generate_tokens` functions" +" are up to 64% faster as a side effect of the changes required to cover " +":pep:`701` in the :mod:`tokenize` module. (Contributed by Marta Gómez Macías" +" and Pablo Galindo in :gh:`102856`.)" +msgstr "" +"作为在 :mod:`tokenize` 模块中应用 :pep:`701` 所要求的更改的附带效果，:func:`tokenize.tokenize` 和" +" :func:`tokenize.generate_tokens` 函数可加速至多 64%。 （由 Marta Gómez Macías 和 Pablo" +" Galindo 在 :gh:`102856` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1085 +msgid "" +"Speed up :func:`super` method calls and attribute loads via the new " +":opcode:`LOAD_SUPER_ATTR` instruction. (Contributed by Carl Meyer and " +"Vladimir Matveev in :gh:`103497`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过新的 :opcode:`LOAD_SUPER_ATTR` 指令加速 :func:`super` 方法调用和属性加载。 （由 Carl Meyer 和" +" Vladimir Matveev 在 :gh:`103497` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1091 +msgid "CPython bytecode changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1093 +msgid "" +"Remove the :opcode:`!LOAD_METHOD` instruction. It has been merged into " +":opcode:`LOAD_ATTR`. :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR` will now behave like the old " +":opcode:`!LOAD_METHOD` instruction if the low bit of its oparg is set. " +"(Contributed by Ken Jin in :gh:`93429`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :opcode:`!LOAD_METHOD` 指令。 它已被合并至 :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR`。 现在如果设置了 " +":opcode:`LOAD_ATTR` 的 oparg 比特位则它的行为将类似原来的 :opcode:`!LOAD_METHOD`。 （由 Ken " +"Jin 在 :gh:`93429` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"Remove the :opcode:`!JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP` and " +":opcode:`!JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP` instructions. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in" +" :gh:`102859`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :opcode:`!JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP` 和 :opcode:`!JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP` 指令。 （由 " +"Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`102859` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"Remove the :opcode:`!PRECALL` instruction. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in " +":gh:`92925`.)" +msgstr "移除了 :opcode:`!PRECALL` 指令。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :gh:`92925` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`BINARY_SLICE` and :opcode:`STORE_SLICE` instructions. " +"(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`94163`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :opcode:`BINARY_SLICE` 和 :opcode:`STORE_SLICE` 指令。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 " +":gh:`94163` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`CALL_INTRINSIC_1` instructions. (Contributed by Mark " +"Shannon in :gh:`99005`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :opcode:`CALL_INTRINSIC_1` 指令。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :gh:`99005` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`CALL_INTRINSIC_2` instruction. (Contributed by Irit Katriel" +" in :gh:`101799`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :opcode:`CALL_INTRINSIC_2` 指令。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`101799` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1113 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`CLEANUP_THROW` instruction. (Contributed by Brandt Bucher " +"in :gh:`90997`.)" +msgstr "添加了 :opcode:`CLEANUP_THROW` 指令。 （由 Brandt Bucher 在 :gh:`90997` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1116 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`!END_SEND` instruction. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in " +":gh:`103082`.)" +msgstr "添加了 :opcode:`!END_SEND` 指令。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :gh:`103082` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1119 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR` instruction as part of the " +"implementation of :pep:`709`. (Contributed by Carl Meyer in :gh:`101441`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :opcode:`LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR` 指令作为 :pep:`709` 的实现的组成部分。 （由 Carl Meyer 在 " +":gh:`101441` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1122 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`LOAD_FAST_CHECK` instruction. (Contributed by Dennis " +"Sweeney in :gh:`93143`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :opcode:`LOAD_FAST_CHECK` 指令。 （由 Dennis Sweeney 在 :gh:`93143` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1125 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF`, " +":opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS`, and :opcode:`LOAD_LOCALS` opcodes as " +"part of the implementation of :pep:`695`. Remove the " +":opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF` opcode, which can be replaced with " +":opcode:`LOAD_LOCALS` plus :opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF`. (Contributed " +"by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`103764`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF`, :opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS` 和" +" :opcode:`LOAD_LOCALS` 操作码作为 :pep:`695` 的组成部分。 移除了 " +":opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF` 操作码，它可以用 :opcode:`LOAD_LOCALS` 加 " +":opcode:`LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF` 来代替。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`103764` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1131 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`LOAD_SUPER_ATTR` instruction. (Contributed by Carl Meyer " +"and Vladimir Matveev in :gh:`103497`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :opcode:`LOAD_SUPER_ATTR` 指令。 （由 Carl Meyer 和 Vladimir Matveev 在 " +":gh:`103497` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1134 +msgid "" +"Add the :opcode:`RETURN_CONST` instruction. (Contributed by Wenyang Wang in " +":gh:`101632`.)" +msgstr "添加了 :opcode:`RETURN_CONST` 指令。 （由 Wenyang Wang 在 :gh:`101632` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1137 +msgid "Demos and Tools" +msgstr "演示和工具" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1139 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``Tools/demo/`` directory which contained old demo scripts. A " +"copy can be found in the `old-demos project " +"`_. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :gh:`97681`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了包含旧演示脚本的 ``Tools/demo/`` 目录。 其副本可在 `old-demos project " +"`_ 中找到。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`97681` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"Remove outdated example scripts of the ``Tools/scripts/`` directory. A copy " +"can be found in the `old-demos project `_. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`97669`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``Tools/scripts/`` 目录下过时的示例脚本。 其副本可在 `old-demos project " +"`_ 中找到。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`97669` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1151 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2142 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1153 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of " +":class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` are deprecated and will be removed " +"in 3.14. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`92248`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`argparse`: :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` 的 *type*, " +"*choices* 和 *metavar* 形参已被弃用并将在 3.14 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`92248` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1158 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast`: The following :mod:`ast` features have been deprecated in " +"documentation since Python 3.8, now cause a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be " +"emitted at runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in " +"Python 3.14:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast`: 以下 :mod:`ast` 特性自 Python 3.8 起已在文档中声明弃用，现在当运行时如果它们被访问或使用将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`，并将在 Python 3.14 中移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1162 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:13 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Num`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Num`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1163 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Str`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Str`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1164 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:15 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1165 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1166 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:17 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1168 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Use :class:`ast.Constant` instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`90953`.)" +msgstr "请改用 :class:`ast.Constant`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`90953` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1171 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:22 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`asyncio`:" +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1173 +msgid "" +"The child watcher classes :class:`asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` and" +" :class:`asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +"子监视器类 :class:`asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` 和 " +":class:`asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.14 中移除。 （由 Kumar Aditya 在" +" :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1179 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`, :func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`, " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` and " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` are deprecated and" +" will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`、:func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`、:meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher`" +" 和 :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` 已弃用，并将在 Python " +"3.14 中移除。（由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1185 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` method of the default event loop policy " +"now emits a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` if there is no current event loop set " +"and it decides to create one. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Guido van" +" Rossum in :gh:`100160`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在默认事件循环策略的 :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` 方法在当前事件循环未设置并决定创建一个时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Guido van Rossum 在 " +":gh:`100160` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1190 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` and ``calendar.February`` constants " +"are deprecated and replaced by :data:`calendar.JANUARY` and " +":data:`calendar.FEBRUARY`. (Contributed by Prince Roshan in :gh:`103636`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` 和 ``calendar.February`` 常量已被弃用并由 " +":data:`calendar.JANUARY` 和 :data:`calendar.FEBRUARY` 替代。 （由 Prince Roshan 在 " +":gh:`103636` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1194 +msgid "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: Deprecated :class:`collections.abc.ByteString`. " +"Prefer :class:`Sequence` or :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. For use in " +"typing, prefer a union, like ``bytes | bytearray``, or " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in " +":gh:`91896`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: 已弃用 :class:`collections.abc.ByteString`。 推荐改用 " +":class:`Sequence` 或 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。 在类型标中，推荐改用并集，如 ``bytes " +"| bytearray`` 或 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。 （由 Shantanu Jain 在 " +":gh:`91896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1199 +msgid "" +":mod:`datetime`: :class:`datetime.datetime`'s " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow` and " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp` are deprecated and will be " +"removed in a future version. Instead, use timezone-aware objects to " +"represent datetimes in UTC: respectively, call " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.now` and :meth:`~datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp`" +" with the *tz* parameter set to :const:`datetime.UTC`. (Contributed by Paul" +" Ganssle in :gh:`103857`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`datetime`: :class:`datetime.datetime` 的 " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow` 和 " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp` 已被弃用并将在未来的版本中移除。 请改用可感知时区的对象以 " +"UTC 来表示日期时间：分别调用 :meth:`~datetime.datetime.now` 和 " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp` 并设置 *tz* 形参为 :const:`datetime.UTC`。" +" （由 Paul Ganssle 在 :gh:`103857` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1207 +msgid "" +":mod:`email`: Deprecate the *isdst* parameter in " +":func:`email.utils.localtime`. (Contributed by Alan Williams in " +":gh:`72346`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`email`: 已弃用 :func:`email.utils.localtime` 中的 *isdst* 形参。 （由 Alan " +"Williams 在 :gh:`72346` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1210 +msgid "" +":mod:`importlib.abc`: Deprecated the following classes, scheduled for " +"removal in Python 3.14:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.abc`: 已弃用下列类，计划在 Python 3.14 中移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1213 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1214 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:53 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1215 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:54 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1217 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:56 +msgid "Use :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` classes instead:" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` 类代替:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1219 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:58 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1220 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1222 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "(Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`93963`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jason R. Coombs 和 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`93963` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1224 +msgid "" +":mod:`itertools`: Deprecate the support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle " +"operations, which is undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy, and " +"inconsistent. This will be removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in " +"code volume and maintenance burden. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in " +":gh:`101588`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`itertools`: 已弃用对 copy、deepcopy 和 pickle " +"操作的支持，它们未被写入文档、效率低下、历史上充满问题且缺乏一致性。 这将在 3.14 中移除以显著减少代码量和维护负担。 （由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 在 :gh:`101588` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1230 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: In Python 3.14, the default :mod:`multiprocessing` " +"start method will change to a safer one on Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS " +"POSIX platforms where ``'fork'`` is currently the default (:gh:`84559`). " +"Adding a runtime warning about this was deemed too disruptive as the " +"majority of code is not expected to care. Use the " +":func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` or " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` APIs to explicitly specify when " +"your code *requires* ``'fork'``. See :ref:`contexts and start methods " +"`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: 在 Python 3.14 中，默认的 :mod:`multiprocessing` 启动方法将在 " +"Linux、BSD 和其他非 macOS 的 POSIX 平台上改为更安全的方法，在这些平台上目前默认为 ``'fork'`` " +"(:gh:`84559`)。 在运行时添加相关警告被认为干扰性太大因为大部分代码都不会在意这个问题。 当你的代码 *需要* ``'fork'`` " +"时请使用 :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` 或 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` API 显式地指明。 参见 :ref:`上下文和启动方法 " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1240 +msgid "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`pkgutil.get_loader` " +"are deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.14; use " +":func:`importlib.util.find_spec` instead. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in " +":gh:`97850`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`pkgutil.find_loader` 和 :func:`pkgutil.get_loader` " +"已被弃用并将在 Python 3.14 中移除；请改用 :func:`importlib.util.find_spec`。 （由 Nikita " +"Sobolev 在 :gh:`97850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1245 +msgid "" +":mod:`pty`: The module has two undocumented ``master_open()`` and " +"``slave_open()`` functions that have been deprecated since Python 2 but only" +" gained a proper :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12. Remove them in 3.14. " +"(Contributed by Soumendra Ganguly and Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`85984`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pty`: 该模块有两个未写入文档的 ``master_open()`` 和 ``slave_open()`` 函数自 Python 2 " +"起即已被弃用但直到 3.12 才添加了相应的 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 它们将在 3.14 中移除。 （由 " +"Soumendra Ganguly 和 Gregory P. Smith 在 :gh:`85984` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1250 +msgid ":mod:`os`:" +msgstr ":mod:`os`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1252 +msgid "" +"The ``st_ctime`` fields return by :func:`os.stat` and :func:`os.lstat` on " +"Windows are deprecated. In a future release, they will contain the last " +"metadata change time, consistent with other platforms. For now, they still " +"contain the creation time, which is also available in the new " +"``st_birthtime`` field. (Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`99726`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上由 :func:`os.stat` 和 :func:`os.lstat` 返回的 ``st_ctime`` 字段已被弃用。 " +"在未来的发布版中，它们将包含最近的元数据修改时间，以与其他平台保持一致。 目前，它们仍然包含创建时间，该值也可通过新的 ``st_birthtime``" +" 字段获取。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :gh:`99726` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1258 +msgid "" +"On POSIX platforms, :func:`os.fork` can now raise a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` when it can detect being called from a " +"multithreaded process. There has always been a fundamental incompatibility " +"with the POSIX platform when doing so. Even if such code *appeared* to work." +" We added the warning to raise awareness as issues encountered by code doing" +" this are becoming more frequent. See the :func:`os.fork` documentation for " +"more details along with `this discussion on fork being incompatible with " +"threads `_ for *why* we're now surfacing this " +"longstanding platform compatibility problem to developers." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 平台上，当 :func:`os.fork` 能检测到被多线程的进程调用时现在会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" +" 当在 POSIX 平台上这样做时总是会存在基础性的不兼容。 即使这样的代码 *appeared* 看起来有效。 " +"我们添加该警告是为了引起注意，因为这种做法遇到的问题越来越频繁。 请参阅 :func:`os.fork` 文档了解详情并查看 `这个关于 fork " +"与线程不兼容问题的讨论 `_ 以了解 *为什么* 现在我们要向开发者揭示这一长期存在的平台兼容性问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1268 +msgid "" +"When this warning appears due to usage of :mod:`multiprocessing` or " +":mod:`concurrent.futures` the fix is to use a different " +":mod:`multiprocessing` start method such as ``\"spawn\"`` or " +"``\"forkserver\"``." +msgstr "" +"当由于使用 :mod:`multiprocessing` 或 :mod:`concurrent.futures` 而出现此警告时的解决办法是使用其他的 " +":mod:`multiprocessing` 启动方法如 ``\"spawn\"`` 或 ``\"forkserver\"``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1272 +msgid "" +":mod:`shutil`: The *onerror* argument of :func:`shutil.rmtree` is " +"deprecated; use *onexc* instead. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in " +":gh:`102828`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`shutil.rmtree` 的 *onerror* 参数已被弃用；请改用 *onexc*。 （由 Irit" +" Katriel 在 :gh:`102828` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1275 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`sqlite3`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sqlite3`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1277 +msgid "" +":ref:`default adapters and converters ` are now " +"deprecated. Instead, use the :ref:`sqlite3-adapter-converter-recipes` and " +"tailor them to your needs. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":gh:`90016`.)" +msgstr "" +":ref:`默认适配器和转换器 ` 现在已被弃用，请使用 " +":ref:`sqlite3-adapter-converter-recipes` 并根据你的需要调整它们。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在" +" :gh:`90016` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1283 +msgid "" +"In :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute`, :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is now emitted" +" when :ref:`named placeholders ` are used together " +"with parameters supplied as a :term:`sequence` instead of as a " +":class:`dict`. Starting from Python 3.14, using named placeholders with " +"parameters supplied as a sequence will raise a " +":exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError`. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":gh:`101698`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` 中，现在当 :ref:`命名占位符 ` " +"与作为 :term:`sequence` 而不是 :class:`dict` 提供的形参一起使用时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 从 Python 3.14 开始，当命名占位符与作为序列提供的形参一起使用时将引发 " +":exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError`。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`101698` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1290 +msgid "" +":mod:`sys`: The :data:`sys.last_type`, :data:`sys.last_value` and " +":data:`sys.last_traceback` fields are deprecated. Use :data:`sys.last_exc` " +"instead. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`102778`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`sys`: :data:`sys.last_type`, :data:`sys.last_value` 和 " +":data:`sys.last_traceback` 字段已被弃用。 请改用 :data:`sys.last_exc`。 （由 Irit Katriel" +" 在 :gh:`102778` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1294 +msgid "" +":mod:`tarfile`: Extracting tar archives without specifying *filter* is " +"deprecated until Python 3.14, when ``'data'`` filter will become the " +"default. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile`: 提取 tar 归档而不指定 *filter* 的做法已被弃用直到 Python 3.14，在该版本中 " +"``'data'`` 将成为默认过滤器。 请参阅 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1298 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:80 +msgid ":mod:`typing`:" +msgstr ":mod:`typing`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1300 +msgid "" +":class:`typing.Hashable` and :class:`typing.Sized`, aliases for " +":class:`collections.abc.Hashable` and :class:`collections.abc.Sized` " +"respectively, are deprecated. (:gh:`94309`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`typing.Hashable` 和 :class:`typing.Sized`，分别为 " +":class:`collections.abc.Hashable` 和 :class:`collections.abc.Sized` " +"的别名，现已被弃用。 (:gh:`94309`。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1304 +msgid "" +":class:`typing.ByteString`, deprecated since Python 3.9, now causes a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted when it is used. (Contributed by " +"Alex Waygood in :gh:`91896`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`typing.ByteString` 自 Python 3.9 起已被弃用，现在当被使用时将会发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Alex Waygood 在 :gh:`91896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1308 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: The module now emits :exc:`DeprecationWarning`" +" when testing the truth value of an :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element`. " +"Before, the Python implementation emitted :exc:`FutureWarning`, and the C " +"implementation emitted nothing. (Contributed by Jacob Walls in :gh:`83122`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: 现在该模块在对 :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element`" +" 执行真值测试时将发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在之前，Python 实现会发出 " +":exc:`FutureWarning`，而 C 实现则不会发出任何警告。 （由 Jacob Walls 在 :gh:`83122` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1314 +msgid "" +"The 3-arg signatures (type, value, traceback) of :meth:`coroutine throw() " +"`, :meth:`generator throw() ` and " +":meth:`async generator throw() ` are deprecated and may be " +"removed in a future version of Python. Use the single-arg versions of these " +"functions instead. (Contributed by Ofey Chan in :gh:`89874`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`coroutine throw() `, :meth:`generator throw() " +"` 和 :meth:`async generator throw() ` 的三参数签名形式 " +"(type, value, traceback) 已被弃用并可能在未来的 Python 版本中移除。 请改用这些函数的单参数版本。 （由 Ofey " +"Chan 在 :gh:`89874` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1320 +msgid "" +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` is now raised when :attr:`~module.__package__` on " +"a module differs from :attr:`__spec__.parent " +"` (previously it was " +":exc:`ImportWarning`). (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`65961`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当一个模块的 :attr:`~module.__package__` 不同于 :attr:`__spec__.parent " +"` 时将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` " +"(在之前版本中则为 :exc:`ImportWarning`)。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :gh:`65961` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1326 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__package__` or :attr:`~module.__cached__` on a " +"module is deprecated, and will cease to be set or taken into consideration " +"by the import system in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in " +":gh:`65961`.)" +msgstr "" +"在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__package__` 或 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 的做法已被弃用，并且在 " +"Python 3.14 中将不会再被设置或是被导入系统纳入考虑。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :gh:`65961` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"The bitwise inversion operator (``~``) on bool is deprecated. It will throw " +"an error in Python 3.16. Use ``not`` for logical negation of bools instead. " +"In the rare case that you really need the bitwise inversion of the " +"underlying ``int``, convert to int explicitly: ``~int(x)``. (Contributed by " +"Tim Hoffmann in :gh:`103487`.)" +msgstr "" +"对布尔值的按位取反运算符 (``~``) 已被弃用。 它在 Python 3.16 中将抛出错误。 请改用 ``not`` 来执行布尔值的逻辑非运算。 " +"在你确实需要对下层的 ``int`` 执行按位取反运算的少数场景下，请显式地将其转换为整数值: ``~int(x)``。 （由 Tim Hoffmann" +" 在 :gh:`103487` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"Accessing :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` on code objects was deprecated in " +"Python 3.10 via :pep:`626`, but it only got a proper " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12. May be removed in 3.15. (Contributed by " +"Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)" +msgstr "" +"在代码对象上访问 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 的做法在 Python 3.10 中已根据 :pep:`626` " +"被弃用，但直到在 3.12 中才添加了适当的 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 可能会在 3.15 中移除。 （由 Nikita " +"Sobolev 在 :gh:`101866` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.13" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.13 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:4 +msgid "Modules (see :pep:`594`):" +msgstr "模块 (参见 :pep:`594`):" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:6 +msgid ":mod:`!aifc`" +msgstr ":mod:`!aifc`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:7 +msgid ":mod:`!audioop`" +msgstr ":mod:`!audioop`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:8 +msgid ":mod:`!cgi`" +msgstr ":mod:`!cgi`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:9 +msgid ":mod:`!cgitb`" +msgstr ":mod:`!cgitb`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:10 +msgid ":mod:`!chunk`" +msgstr ":mod:`!chunk`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`!crypt`" +msgstr ":mod:`!crypt`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`!imghdr`" +msgstr ":mod:`!imghdr`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:13 +msgid ":mod:`!mailcap`" +msgstr ":mod:`!mailcap`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:14 +msgid ":mod:`!msilib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!msilib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:15 +msgid ":mod:`!nis`" +msgstr ":mod:`!nis`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:16 +msgid ":mod:`!nntplib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!nntplib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:17 +msgid ":mod:`!ossaudiodev`" +msgstr ":mod:`!ossaudiodev`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:18 +msgid ":mod:`!pipes`" +msgstr ":mod:`!pipes`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`!sndhdr`" +msgstr ":mod:`!sndhdr`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:20 +msgid ":mod:`!spwd`" +msgstr ":mod:`!spwd`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`!sunau`" +msgstr ":mod:`!sunau`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:22 +msgid ":mod:`!telnetlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!telnetlib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:23 +msgid ":mod:`!uu`" +msgstr ":mod:`!uu`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:24 +msgid ":mod:`!xdrlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!xdrlib`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:26 +msgid "Other modules:" +msgstr "其他模块：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:28 +msgid ":mod:`!lib2to3`, and the :program:`2to3` program (:gh:`84540`)" +msgstr ":mod:`!lib2to3`，以及 :program:`2to3` 程序 (:gh:`84540`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:30 +msgid "APIs:" +msgstr "API:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:32 +msgid ":class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` (:gh:`90765`)" +msgstr ":class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` (:gh:`90765`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:33 +msgid "``locale.resetlocale()`` (:gh:`90817`)" +msgstr "``locale.resetlocale()`` (:gh:`90817`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:34 +msgid ":meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:35 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:36 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:37 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite` (:gh:`50096`)" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite` (:gh:`50096`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:38 +msgid ":meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` (:gh:`67048`)" +msgstr ":meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` (:gh:`67048`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:39 +msgid ":class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` (:gh:`86421`)" +msgstr ":class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` (:gh:`86421`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:40 +msgid ":class:`classmethod` descriptor chaining (:gh:`89519`)" +msgstr ":class:`classmethod` 描述器串联 (:gh:`89519`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:41 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.resources` deprecated methods:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.resources` 中已弃用的方法：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:43 +msgid "``contents()``" +msgstr "``contents()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:44 +msgid "``is_resource()``" +msgstr "``is_resource()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:45 +msgid "``open_binary()``" +msgstr "``open_binary()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:46 +msgid "``open_text()``" +msgstr "``open_text()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:47 +msgid "``path()``" +msgstr "``path()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:48 +msgid "``read_binary()``" +msgstr "``read_binary()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:49 +msgid "``read_text()``" +msgstr "``read_text()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.13.rst:51 +msgid "" +"Use :func:`importlib.resources.files` instead. Refer to `importlib-" +"resources: Migrating from Legacy `_ " +"(:gh:`106531`)" +msgstr "" +"改用 :func:`importlib.resources.files`。 参见 `importlib-resources: Migrating " +"from Legacy `_ " +"(:gh:`106531`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.14" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.14 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:9 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast`: The following features have been deprecated in documentation " +"since Python 3.8, now cause a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted at " +"runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in Python 3.14:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast`: 以下特性自 Python 3.8 起已在文档中声明弃用，现在当运行时如果它们被访问或使用时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`，并将在 Python 3.14 中移除：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The child watcher classes :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` " +"and :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and will be removed in" +" Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +"子监视器类 :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` 和" +" :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.14 中移除。 （由 Kumar Aditya" +" 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: Deprecated :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`. " +"Prefer :class:`!Sequence` or :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`. For use in " +"typing, prefer a union, like ``bytes | bytearray``, or " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in " +":gh:`91896`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: 已弃用 :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`。 推荐改用 " +":class:`!Sequence` 或 :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`。 用于类型标注时，则推荐并集运算符，如 " +"``bytes | bytearray``，或 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。 （由 Shantanu Jain 在 " +":gh:`91896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:47 +msgid "" +":mod:`email`: Deprecated the *isdst* parameter in " +":func:`email.utils.localtime`. (Contributed by Alan Williams in " +":gh:`72346`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`email`: 已弃用 :func:`email.utils.localtime` 中的 *isdst* 形参。 （由 Alan " +"Williams 在 :gh:`72346` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.abc` deprecated classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.abc` 中已弃用的类：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":mod:`itertools` had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy, and " +"inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations. This will be" +" removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code volume and maintenance " +"burden. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`101588`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`itertools` 具有对 copy, deepcopy 和 pickle 等操作的未写入文档的、低效的、历史上充满问题的且不稳定的支持。" +" 这将在 3.14 中移除以显著减少代码量和维护负担。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`101588` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:69 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: The default start method will change to a safer one " +"on Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where ``'fork'`` is " +"currently the default (:gh:`84559`). Adding a runtime warning about this was" +" deemed too disruptive as the majority of code is not expected to care. Use " +"the :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` or " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` APIs to explicitly specify when " +"your code *requires* ``'fork'``. See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: 默认的启动方法在目前默认使用 ``'fork'`` 的 Linux, BSD 和其他非 macOS " +"POSIX 平台上将改为更安全的方法 (:gh:`84559`)。 为此添加运行时警告将带来糟糕的体验因为大部分代码并不会关心这个问题。 当你的代码 " +"*需要* ``'fork'`` 时请使用 :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` 或 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` API 来显式地指明。 参见 " +":ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:77 +msgid "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: passing additional arguments is " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` 和 " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: 传入额外参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:81 +msgid "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`~pkgutil.get_loader`" +" now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`; use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` " +"instead. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`97850`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: 现在 :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` 和 " +":func:`~pkgutil.get_loader` 将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`；请改用 " +":func:`importlib.util.find_spec`。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`97850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:86 +msgid ":mod:`pty`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pty`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:88 +msgid "``master_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``master_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:89 +msgid "``slave_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``slave_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:93 +msgid ":data:`~sqlite3.version` and :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`." +msgstr ":data:`~sqlite3.version` 和 :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:95 +msgid "" +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` and :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany` if " +":ref:`named placeholders ` are used and *parameters* " +"is a sequence instead of a :class:`dict`." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :ref:`命名占位符 ` 且 *parameters* 是一个序列而不是 " +":class:`dict` 则选择 :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:99 +msgid "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString`, deprecated since Python 3.9, now" +" causes a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted when it is used." +msgstr "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString` 自 Python 3.9 起已被弃用，现在当被使用时将会发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:102 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` is deprecated: it was not " +"intended to be a public API. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in " +":gh:`88168`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` 已被弃用：它不应被作为公有 API。 （由 Gregory " +"P. Smith 在 :gh:`88168` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.15" +msgstr "Python 3.15 中的待移除功能" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:4 +msgid "The import system:" +msgstr "导入系统：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__cached__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.cached ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__cached__` will cease to be set or take" +" into consideration by the import system or standard library. (:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.cached ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__cached__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__package__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.parent ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__package__` will cease to be set or " +"take into consideration by the import system or standard library. " +"(:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设备 :attr:`__spec__.parent ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__package__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__package__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:16 +msgid ":mod:`ctypes`:" +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The undocumented :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档的 :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` 函数自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`http.server`:" +msgstr ":mod:`http.server`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The obsolete and rarely used :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` has" +" been deprecated since Python 3.13. No direct replacement exists. *Anything*" +" is better than CGI to interface a web server with a request handler." +msgstr "" +"过时且很少被使用的 :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 " +"不存在直接的替代品。 对于建立带有请求处理器的 Web 服务程序来说 *任何东西* 都比 CGI 要好。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--cgi` flag to the :program:`python -m http.server` command-" +"line interface has been deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "" +"用于 :program:`python -m http.server` 命令行界面的 :option:`!--cgi` 旗标自 Python 3.13 " +"起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:32 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`importlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:34 +msgid "``load_module()`` method: use ``exec_module()`` instead." +msgstr "``load_module()`` 方法：改用 ``exec_module()``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:36 +msgid ":class:`locale`:" +msgstr ":class:`locale`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` function has been deprecated since " +"Python 3.11. Its removal was originally planned for Python 3.13 " +"(:gh:`90817`), but has been postponed to Python 3.15. Use " +":func:`~locale.getlocale`, :func:`~locale.setlocale`, and " +":func:`~locale.getencoding` instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":gh:`111187`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` 函数自 Python 3.11 起已被弃用。 最初计划在 Python 3.13 " +"中移除它 (:gh:`90817`)，但已被推迟至 Python 3.15。 请改用 :func:`~locale.getlocale`, " +":func:`~locale.setlocale` 和 :func:`~locale.getencoding`。 （由 Hugo van " +"Kemenade 在 :gh:`111187` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:46 +msgid ":mod:`pathlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pathlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:48 +msgid "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows." +msgstr "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请使用 " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` 来检测 Windows 上的保留路径。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:52 +msgid ":mod:`platform`:" +msgstr ":mod:`platform`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:54 +msgid "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. This " +"function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is " +"largely untested." +msgstr "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 此函数仅对 Jython 支持有用，具有令人困惑的 " +"API，并且大部分未经测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`sysconfig`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sysconfig`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The *check_home* argument of :func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12." +msgstr "" +":func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` 的 *check_home* 参数自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`threading`:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:65 +msgid "" +":func:`~threading.RLock` will take no arguments in Python 3.15. Passing any " +"arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14, as the Python version does" +" not permit any arguments, but the C version allows any number of positional" +" or keyword arguments, ignoring every argument." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.15 中 :func:`~threading.RLock` 将不再接受参数。 传入参数的做法自 Python 3.14 " +"起已被弃用，因为 Python 版本不接受任何参数，而 C 版本允许任意数量的位置或关键字参数，但会忽略所有参数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:71 +msgid ":mod:`types`:" +msgstr ":mod:`types`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:73 +msgid "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: Accessing :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` was " +"deprecated in :pep:`626` since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12, " +"but it only got a proper :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12. May be removed " +"in 3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: 访问 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 的做法自 3.10 起已根据 " +":pep:`626` 被弃用并曾计划在 3.12 中移除，但在 3.12 中实际仅设置了 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 可能会在" +" 3.15 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`101866` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating " +":class:`~typing.NamedTuple` classes (e.g. ``Point = NamedTuple(\"Point\", " +"x=int, y=int)``) has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the class-based " +"syntax or the functional syntax instead." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的用于创建 :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` 类的关键字参数语法 (例如 ``Point = " +"NamedTuple(\"Point\", x=int, y=int)``) 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请改用基于类的语法或函数语法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13. After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module," +" it has yet to be supported by any major type checker." +msgstr "" +":func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` 装饰器自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 存在于 " +":mod:`typing` 模块八年之后，它仍未被任何主要类型检查器所支持。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:93 +msgid ":mod:`wave`:" +msgstr ":mod:`wave`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark`, and " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` methods of the :class:`~wave.Wave_read` " +"and :class:`~wave.Wave_write` classes have been deprecated since Python " +"3.13." +msgstr "" +":class:`~wave.Wave_read` 和 :class:`~wave.Wave_write` 类的 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark` 和 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` 方法自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:2 +msgid "Pending removal in Python 3.16" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.16 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__loader__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.loader ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.16, :attr:`!__loader__` will cease to be set or " +"taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library." +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.loader ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.16 " +"中，:attr:`!__loader__` 将不会再被设置或是被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`array`:" +msgstr ":mod:`array`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The ``'u'`` format code (:c:type:`wchar_t`) has been deprecated in " +"documentation since Python 3.3 and at runtime since Python 3.13. Use the " +"``'w'`` format code (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`) for Unicode characters instead." +msgstr "" +"``'u'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`wchar_t`) 自 Python 3.3 起已在文档中弃用并自 Python 3.13 " +"起在运行时弃用。 对于 Unicode 字符请改用 ``'w'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:21 +msgid "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` is deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.16, use :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` instead. (Contributed " +"by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in :gh:`122875`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.16 中移除，请改用 " +":func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`。 （由 Jiahao Li 和 Kumar Aditya 在 " +":gh:`122875` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:26 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`builtins`:" +msgstr ":mod:`builtins`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Bitwise inversion on boolean types, ``~True`` or ``~False`` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12, as it produces surprising and unintuitive " +"results (``-2`` and ``-1``). Use ``not x`` instead for the logical negation " +"of a Boolean. In the rare case that you need the bitwise inversion of the " +"underlying integer, convert to ``int`` explicitly (``~int(x)``)." +msgstr "" +"对布尔类型 ``~True`` 或 ``~False`` 执行按位取反的操作自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用，因为它会产生奇怪和不直观的结果 " +"(``-2`` and ``-1``)。 请改用 ``not x`` 来对布尔值执行逻辑否操作。 " +"对于需要对下层整数执行按位取反操作的少数场合，请显式地将其转换为 ``int`` (``~int(x)``)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:35 +msgid ":mod:`shutil`:" +msgstr ":mod:`shutil`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!ExecError` exception has been deprecated since Python 3.14. It " +"has not been used by any function in :mod:`!shutil` since Python 3.4, and is" +" now an alias of :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +":class:`!ExecError` 异常自 Python 3.14 起已被弃用。 它自 Python 3.4 起就未被 :mod:`!shutil`" +" 中的任何函数所使用，现在是 :exc:`RuntimeError` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:42 +msgid ":mod:`symtable`:" +msgstr ":mod:`symtable`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Class.get_methods ` method has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.14." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Class.get_methods ` 方法自 Python 3.14 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:47 +msgid ":mod:`sys`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sys`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13. Use the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` " +"environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` 函数自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。 请改用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:53 +msgid ":mod:`tarfile`:" +msgstr ":mod:`tarfile`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档也未被使用的 :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` 属性自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Future Versions" +msgstr "计划在未来版本中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下API将会被移除，尽管具体时间还未确定。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive " +"groups are deprecated." +msgstr ":mod:`argparse`: 嵌套参数分组和嵌套互斥分组的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:10 +msgid ":mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` format code (:gh:`57281`)" +msgstr ":mod:`array` 的 ``'u'`` 格式代码 (:gh:`57281`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:14 +msgid "``bool(NotImplemented)``." +msgstr "``bool(NotImplemented)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Generators: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` and ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` signature" +" is deprecated: use ``throw(exc)`` and ``athrow(exc)`` instead, the single " +"argument signature." +msgstr "" +"生成器: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` 和 ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` 签名已被弃用：请改用 " +"``throw(exc)`` 和 ``athrow(exc)``，即单参数签名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords, " +"for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``. It allows confusing and " +"ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be interpreted as " +"``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``). A syntax warning is raised " +"if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords " +":keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, " +":keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`. In a future release it will" +" be changed to a syntax error. (:gh:`87999`)" +msgstr "" +"目前 Python 接受数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字的写法，例如 ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``。 它允许像 " +"``[0x1for x in y]`` 这样令人困惑且有歧义的表达式 (它可以被解读为 ``[0x1 for x in y]`` 或者 ``[0x1f " +"or x in y]``)。 如果数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字 :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, " +":keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` 和 :keyword:`or` " +"中的一个将会引发语法警告。 在未来的版本中它将改为语法错误。 (:gh:`87999`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__index__()`` and ``__int__()`` method returning non-int type:" +" these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass " +"of :class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__index__()`` 和 ``__int__()`` 方法返回非 int 类型的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`int` " +"的子类的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__float__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`float`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`float`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__float__()`` 方法返回 :class:`float` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`float` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__complex__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`complex`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`complex`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__complex__()`` 方法返回 :class:`complex` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 " +":class:`complex` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "Delegation of ``int()`` to ``__trunc__()`` method." +msgstr "将 ``int()`` 委托给 ``__trunc__()`` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the " +":func:`complex` constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed as a" +" single positional argument. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`109218`.)" +msgstr "" +"传入一个复数作为 :func:`complex` 构造器中的 *real* 或 *imag* 参数的做法现在已被弃用；它应当仅作为单个位置参数被传入。 " +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`109218` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: use the :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` method " +"instead." +msgstr ":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: 改用 :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:49 +msgid ":mod:`datetime`:" +msgstr ":mod:`datetime`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:51 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:53 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:56 +msgid ":mod:`gettext`: Plural value must be an integer." +msgstr ":mod:`gettext`: 复数值必须是一个整数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:60 +msgid "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* parameter is " +"deprecated: use the *optimization* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* 形参已被弃用：改用 " +"*optimization* 形参。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:65 +msgid "``EntryPoints`` tuple interface." +msgstr "``EntryPoints`` 元组接口。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:66 +msgid "Implicit ``None`` on return values." +msgstr "返回值中隐式的 ``None``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:68 +msgid "" +":mod:`logging`: the ``warn()`` method has been deprecated since Python 3.3, " +"use :meth:`~logging.warning` instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`logging`: ``warn()`` 方法自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用，请改用 " +":meth:`~logging.warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:71 +msgid "" +":mod:`mailbox`: Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use " +"BytesIO and binary mode instead." +msgstr ":mod:`mailbox`: 对 StringIO 输入和文本模式的使用已被弃用，改用 BytesIO 和二进制模式。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:74 +msgid "" +":mod:`os`: Calling :func:`os.register_at_fork` in multi-threaded process." +msgstr ":mod:`os`: 在多线程的进程中调用 :func:`os.register_at_fork`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:76 +msgid "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is" +" deprecated, use an exception instance." +msgstr "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: 使用元组值作为 *exc_info* 形参的做法已被弃用，应使用异常实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:79 +msgid "" +":mod:`re`: More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references " +"and group names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is " +"now accepted as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and" +" replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and " +"underscore. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`re`: 现在对于正则表达式中的数字分组引用和分组名称将应用更严格的规则。 现在只接受 ASCII 数字序列作为数字引用。 " +"字节串模式和替换字符串中的分组名称现在只能包含 ASCII 字母和数字以及下划线。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91760` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:86 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` and :mod:`!sre_parse` modules." +msgstr ":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` 和 :mod:`!sre_parse` 模块。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:88 +msgid "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree`'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in" +" Python 3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree` 的 *onerror* 形参在 Python 3.12 中已被弃用；请改用 " +"*onexc* 形参。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`ssl` options and protocols:" +msgstr ":mod:`ssl` 选项和协议：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:93 +msgid ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` without protocol argument is deprecated." +msgstr ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 不带 protocol 参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:94 +msgid "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` and " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` are deprecated: use ALPN instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` 和 " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` 已被弃用：请改用 ALPN。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:97 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:98 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:99 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:100 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:101 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:102 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:103 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:104 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:105 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:106 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:108 +msgid ":mod:`threading` methods:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading` 的方法：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:110 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: use " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: 使用 " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:111 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: use :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: 使用 :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:112 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:114 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:116 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: use :meth:`threading.current_thread`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: 使用 :meth:`threading.current_thread`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:117 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: use :meth:`threading.active_count`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: 使用 :meth:`threading.active_count`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:119 +msgid ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)." +msgstr ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:121 +msgid "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: it is deprecated to return a " +"value that is not ``None`` from a test case." +msgstr "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: 从测试用例返回不为 ``None`` 的值的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:124 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.parse` deprecated functions: :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` " +"instead" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.parse` 函数已被弃用：改用 :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:126 +msgid "``splitattr()``" +msgstr "``splitattr()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:127 +msgid "``splithost()``" +msgstr "``splithost()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:128 +msgid "``splitnport()``" +msgstr "``splitnport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:129 +msgid "``splitpasswd()``" +msgstr "``splitpasswd()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:130 +msgid "``splitport()``" +msgstr "``splitport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:131 +msgid "``splitquery()``" +msgstr "``splitquery()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:132 +msgid "``splittag()``" +msgstr "``splittag()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:133 +msgid "``splittype()``" +msgstr "``splittype()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:134 +msgid "``splituser()``" +msgstr "``splituser()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:135 +msgid "``splitvalue()``" +msgstr "``splitvalue()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:136 +msgid "``to_bytes()``" +msgstr "``to_bytes()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:138 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` and " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` style of invoking requests is " +"deprecated. Use newer :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` functions and methods." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: 发起请求的 :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` 和 " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` 方式已被弃用。 改用更新 " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` 函数和方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:142 +msgid "" +":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` should not do partial " +"writes." +msgstr ":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` 不应执行部分写入。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:145 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Testing the truth value of an " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` is deprecated. In a future release " +"it will always return ``True``. Prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or ``elem is " +"not None`` tests instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: 对 :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` " +"的真值测试已被弃用。 在未来的发布版中它将始终返回 ``True``。 建议改用显式的 ``len(elem)`` 或 ``elem is not " +"None`` 测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:150 +msgid "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` is deprecated: use " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module` instead." +msgstr "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` 已被弃用：请改用 " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1355 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2237 +msgid "Removed" +msgstr "移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1358 +msgid "asynchat and asyncore" +msgstr "asynchat 和 asyncore" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1360 +msgid "" +"These two modules have been removed according to the schedule in :pep:`594`," +" having been deprecated in Python 3.6. Use :mod:`asyncio` instead. " +"(Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`96580`.)" +msgstr "" +"这两个模块已根据 :pep:`594` 中的时间表被移除，它们从 Python 3.6 起已被弃用。 请改用 :mod:`asyncio`。 （由 " +"Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`96580` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1367 +msgid "configparser" +msgstr "configparser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1369 +msgid "" +"Several names deprecated in the :mod:`configparser` way back in 3.2 have " +"been removed per :gh:`89336`:" +msgstr ":mod:`configparser` 中的几个从 3.2 起已被弃用的名称已根据 :gh:`89336` 被移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1372 +msgid "" +":class:`configparser.ParsingError` no longer has a ``filename`` attribute or" +" argument. Use the ``source`` attribute and argument instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`configparser.ParsingError` 不再具有 ``filename`` 属性或参数。 请改用 ``source`` " +"属性和参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1374 +msgid "" +":mod:`configparser` no longer has a ``SafeConfigParser`` class. Use the " +"shorter :class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` name instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`configparser` 不再具有 ``SafeConfigParser`` 类。 请改用更简短的名称 " +":class:`~configparser.ConfigParser`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1376 +msgid "" +":class:`configparser.ConfigParser` no longer has a ``readfp`` method. Use " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.read_file` instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`configparser.ConfigParser` 不再具有 ``readfp`` 方法。 请改用 " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.read_file`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1382 +msgid "distutils" +msgstr "distutils" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1384 +msgid "" +"Remove the :py:mod:`!distutils` package. It was deprecated in Python 3.10 by" +" :pep:`632` \"Deprecate distutils module\". For projects still using " +"``distutils`` and cannot be updated to something else, the ``setuptools`` " +"project can be installed: it still provides ``distutils``. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :gh:`92584`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :py:mod:`!distutils` 包。 它已在 Python 3.10 中根据 :pep:`632` \"Deprecate " +"distutils module\" 被弃用。 对于仍然使用 ``distutils`` 且无法升级为使用其他工具的项目，可以安装 " +"``setuptools`` 项目：它仍然提供了 ``distutils``。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`92584` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1391 +msgid "ensurepip" +msgstr "ensurepip" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"Remove the bundled setuptools wheel from :mod:`ensurepip`, and stop " +"installing setuptools in environments created by :mod:`venv`." +msgstr "" +"从 :mod:`ensurepip` 中移除了捆绑的 setuptools wheel，并停止在由 :mod:`venv` 创建的环境中安装 " +"setuptools。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1396 +msgid "" +"``pip (>= 22.1)`` does not require setuptools to be installed in the " +"environment. ``setuptools``-based (and ``distutils``-based) packages can " +"still be used with ``pip install``, since pip will provide ``setuptools`` in" +" the build environment it uses for building a package." +msgstr "" +"``pip (>= 22.1)`` 不再要求在环境中安装 setuptools。 基于 ``setuptools`` (和基于 " +"``distutils``) 的包仍然可通过 ``pip install`` 来使用，因为 pip 将在它用于构建包的构建环境中提供 " +"``setuptools``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"``easy_install``, ``pkg_resources``, ``setuptools`` and ``distutils`` are no" +" longer provided by default in environments created with ``venv`` or " +"bootstrapped with ``ensurepip``, since they are part of the ``setuptools`` " +"package. For projects relying on these at runtime, the ``setuptools`` " +"project should be declared as a dependency and installed separately " +"(typically, using pip)." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下由 ``venv`` 创建或通过 ``ensurepip`` 初始化的环境将不再提供 ``easy_install``, " +"``pkg_resources``, ``setuptools`` 和 ``distutils`` 包，因为它们是 ``setuptools`` " +"包的组成部分。 对于在运行时依赖这些包的项目，应当将 ``setuptools`` 项目声明为依赖项之一并单独安装（通常是使用 pip）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1409 +msgid "(Contributed by Pradyun Gedam in :gh:`95299`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pradyun Gedam 在 :gh:`95299` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1412 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1414 +msgid "" +"Remove :mod:`enum`'s ``EnumMeta.__getattr__``, which is no longer needed for" +" enum attribute access. (Contributed by Ethan Furman in :gh:`95083`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`enum` 的 ``EnumMeta.__getattr__``，枚举属性访问已不再需要它。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 " +":gh:`95083` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1419 +msgid "ftplib" +msgstr "ftplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1421 +msgid "" +"Remove :mod:`ftplib`'s ``FTP_TLS.ssl_version`` class attribute: use the " +"*context* parameter instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`94172`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`ftplib` 的 ``FTP_TLS.ssl_version`` 类属性：请改用 *context* 形参。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`94172` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1426 +msgid "gzip" +msgstr "gzip" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1428 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``filename`` attribute of :mod:`gzip`'s :class:`gzip.GzipFile`, " +"deprecated since Python 2.6, use the :attr:`~gzip.GzipFile.name` attribute " +"instead. In write mode, the ``filename`` attribute added ``'.gz'`` file " +"extension if it was not present. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`94196`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`gzip` 中 :class:`gzip.GzipFile` 的 ``filename`` 属性，自 Python 2.6 " +"起该属性已被弃用，请改用 :attr:`~gzip.GzipFile.name` 属性。 在可写模式下，如果 ``filename`` 属性没有 " +"``'.gz'`` 文件扩展名则会添加它。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94196` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1435 +msgid "hashlib" +msgstr "hashlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"Remove the pure Python implementation of :mod:`hashlib`'s " +":func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac`, deprecated in Python 3.10. Python 3.10 and " +"newer requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 (:pep:`644`): this OpenSSL version provides a C" +" implementation of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` which is faster. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`94199`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`hashlib` 中 :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` 的纯 Python 实现，它在 Python 3.10" +" 中已被弃用。 Python 3.10 及更新版本需要 OpenSSL 1.1.1 (:pep:`644`)：该 OpenSSL 版本提供了 " +":func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` 的更快速的 C 实现。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94199` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1444 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1473 +msgid "importlib" +msgstr "importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1446 +msgid "" +"Many previously deprecated cleanups in :mod:`importlib` have now been " +"completed:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib` 中许多先前已弃用对象的清理工作现已完成：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1449 +msgid "" +"References to, and support for :meth:`!module_repr` has been removed. " +"(Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :gh:`97850`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 :meth:`!module_repr` 的引用以及支持已被移除。 （由 Barry Warsaw 在 :gh:`97850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1452 +msgid "" +"``importlib.util.set_package``, ``importlib.util.set_loader`` and " +"``importlib.util.module_for_loader`` have all been removed. (Contributed by " +"Brett Cannon and Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`65961` and :gh:`97850`.)" +msgstr "" +"``importlib.util.set_package``, ``importlib.util.set_loader`` 和 " +"``importlib.util.module_for_loader`` 均已被移除。 （由 Brett Cannon 和 Nikita Sobolev" +" 在 :gh:`65961` 和 :gh:`97850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1456 +msgid "" +"Support for ``find_loader()`` and ``find_module()`` APIs have been removed." +" (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :gh:`98040`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 ``find_loader()`` 和 ``find_module()`` API 的支持已被移除。 （由 Barry Warsaw 在 " +":gh:`98040` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1459 +msgid "" +"``importlib.abc.Finder``, ``pkgutil.ImpImporter``, and ``pkgutil.ImpLoader``" +" have been removed. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :gh:`98040`.)" +msgstr "" +"``importlib.abc.Finder``, ``pkgutil.ImpImporter`` 和 ``pkgutil.ImpLoader`` " +"已被移除。 （由 Barry Warsaw 在 :gh:`98040` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1465 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1473 +msgid "imp" +msgstr "imp" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!imp` module has been removed. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in " +":gh:`98040`.)" +msgstr ":mod:`!imp` 模块已被移除。 （由 Barry Warsaw 在 :gh:`98040` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1470 +msgid "To migrate, consult the following correspondence table:" +msgstr "要进行迁移，请参考以下对照表：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1475 +msgid "``imp.NullImporter``" +msgstr "``imp.NullImporter``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1475 +msgid "Insert ``None`` into ``sys.path_importer_cache``" +msgstr "将 ``None`` 插入到 ``sys.path_importer_cache``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1476 +msgid "``imp.cache_from_source()``" +msgstr "``imp.cache_from_source()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1476 +msgid ":func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source`" +msgstr ":func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1477 +msgid "``imp.find_module()``" +msgstr "``imp.find_module()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1477 +msgid ":func:`importlib.util.find_spec`" +msgstr ":func:`importlib.util.find_spec`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1478 +msgid "``imp.get_magic()``" +msgstr "``imp.get_magic()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1478 +msgid ":const:`importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER`" +msgstr ":const:`importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1479 +msgid "``imp.get_suffixes()``" +msgstr "``imp.get_suffixes()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1479 +msgid "" +":const:`importlib.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES`, " +":const:`importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES`, and " +":const:`importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES`" +msgstr "" +":const:`importlib.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES`, " +":const:`importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES` 和 " +":const:`importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1480 +msgid "``imp.get_tag()``" +msgstr "``imp.get_tag()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1480 +msgid ":attr:`sys.implementation.cache_tag `" +msgstr ":attr:`sys.implementation.cache_tag `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1481 +msgid "``imp.load_module()``" +msgstr "``imp.load_module()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1481 +msgid ":func:`importlib.import_module`" +msgstr ":func:`importlib.import_module`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1482 +msgid "``imp.new_module(name)``" +msgstr "``imp.new_module(name)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1482 +msgid "``types.ModuleType(name)``" +msgstr "``types.ModuleType(name)``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1483 +msgid "``imp.reload()``" +msgstr "``imp.reload()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1483 +msgid ":func:`importlib.reload`" +msgstr ":func:`importlib.reload`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1484 +msgid "``imp.source_from_cache()``" +msgstr "``imp.source_from_cache()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1484 +msgid ":func:`importlib.util.source_from_cache`" +msgstr ":func:`importlib.util.source_from_cache`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1485 +msgid "``imp.load_source()``" +msgstr "``imp.load_source()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1485 +msgid "*See below*" +msgstr "*见下文*" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1488 +msgid "Replace ``imp.load_source()`` with::" +msgstr "将 ``imp.load_source()`` 替换为::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1490 +msgid "" +"import importlib.util\n" +"import importlib.machinery\n" +"\n" +"def load_source(modname, filename):\n" +" loader = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader(modname, filename)\n" +" spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(modname, filename, loader=loader)\n" +" module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)\n" +" # The module is always executed and not cached in sys.modules.\n" +" # Uncomment the following line to cache the module.\n" +" # sys.modules[module.__name__] = module\n" +" loader.exec_module(module)\n" +" return module" +msgstr "" +"import importlib.util\n" +"import importlib.machinery\n" +"\n" +"def load_source(modname, filename):\n" +" loader = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader(modname, filename)\n" +" spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(modname, filename, loader=loader)\n" +" module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)\n" +" # 模块将总是被执行而不缓存在 sys.modules 中。\n" +" # 取消对下一行的注释以缓存此模块。\n" +" # sys.modules[module.__name__] = module\n" +" loader.exec_module(module)\n" +" return module" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1503 +msgid "Remove :mod:`!imp` functions and attributes with no replacements:" +msgstr "已移除 :mod:`!imp` 的函数和属性并且没有替代选项:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1505 +msgid "Undocumented functions:" +msgstr "未写入文档的函数：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1507 +msgid "``imp.init_builtin()``" +msgstr "``imp.init_builtin()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1508 +msgid "``imp.load_compiled()``" +msgstr "``imp.load_compiled()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1509 +msgid "``imp.load_dynamic()``" +msgstr "``imp.load_dynamic()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1510 +msgid "``imp.load_package()``" +msgstr "``imp.load_package()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1512 +msgid "" +"``imp.lock_held()``, ``imp.acquire_lock()``, ``imp.release_lock()``: the " +"locking scheme has changed in Python 3.3 to per-module locks." +msgstr "" +"``imp.lock_held()``,``imp.acquire_lock()``,``imp.release_lock()``: 加锁方案在 " +"Python 3.3 中已改为模块级锁。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1514 +msgid "" +"``imp.find_module()`` constants: ``SEARCH_ERROR``, ``PY_SOURCE``, " +"``PY_COMPILED``, ``C_EXTENSION``, ``PY_RESOURCE``, ``PKG_DIRECTORY``, " +"``C_BUILTIN``, ``PY_FROZEN``, ``PY_CODERESOURCE``, ``IMP_HOOK``." +msgstr "" +"``imp.find_module()`` 常量: ``SEARCH_ERROR``, ``PY_SOURCE``, ``PY_COMPILED``, " +"``C_EXTENSION``, ``PY_RESOURCE``, ``PKG_DIRECTORY``, ``C_BUILTIN``, " +"``PY_FROZEN``, ``PY_CODERESOURCE``, ``IMP_HOOK``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1519 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1521 +msgid "" +"Remove :mod:`io`'s ``io.OpenWrapper`` and ``_pyio.OpenWrapper``, deprecated " +"in Python 3.10: just use :func:`open` instead. The :func:`open` " +"(:func:`io.open`) function is a built-in function. Since Python 3.10, " +":func:`!_pyio.open` is also a static method. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :gh:`94169`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`io` 中的 ``io.OpenWrapper`` 和 ``_pyio.OpenWrapper``，它们在 Python 3.10 " +"中已被弃用：请改用 :func:`open`。 :func:`open` (:func:`io.open`) 函数是一个内置函数。 自 Python " +"3.10 起，:func:`!_pyio.open` 也是一个静态方法。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94169` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1528 +msgid "locale" +msgstr "locale" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1530 +msgid "" +"Remove :mod:`locale`'s :func:`!locale.format` function, deprecated in Python" +" 3.7: use :func:`locale.format_string` instead. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`94226`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`locale` 的 :func:`!locale.format` 函数，它在 Python 3.7 中已被弃用：请改用 " +":func:`locale.format_string`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94226` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1535 +msgid "smtpd" +msgstr "smtpd" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1537 +msgid "" +"The ``smtpd`` module has been removed according to the schedule in " +":pep:`594`, having been deprecated in Python 3.4.7 and 3.5.4. Use the " +":pypi:`aiosmtpd` PyPI module or any other :mod:`asyncio`-based server " +"instead. (Contributed by Oleg Iarygin in :gh:`93243`.)" +msgstr "" +"``smtpd`` 模块已按照 :pep:`594` 中的计划表被移除，它在 Python 3.4.7 和 3.5.4 中已被弃用。 请改用 " +":pypi:`aiosmtpd` PyPI 模块或任何其他基于 :mod:`asyncio` 的服务器。 （由 Oleg Iarygin 在 " +":gh:`93243` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"The following undocumented :mod:`sqlite3` features, deprecated in Python " +"3.10, are now removed:" +msgstr "以下未写入文档的 :mod:`sqlite3` 特性，在 Python 3.10 中已被弃用，现在已被移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1549 +msgid "``sqlite3.enable_shared_cache()``" +msgstr "``sqlite3.enable_shared_cache()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1550 +msgid "``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode``" +msgstr "``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1552 +msgid "" +"If a shared cache must be used, open the database in URI mode using the " +"``cache=shared`` query parameter." +msgstr "如果必须使用共享缓存，请在以 URI 模式打开数据库时使用 ``cache=shared`` 查询参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"The ``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode`` text factory has been an alias for " +":class:`str` since Python 3.3. Code that previously set the text factory to " +"``OptimizedUnicode`` can either use ``str`` explicitly, or rely on the " +"default value which is also ``str``." +msgstr "" +"``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode`` 文本工厂函数自 Python 3.3 起已成为 :class:`str` 的一个别名。 " +"之前将文本工厂设为 ``OptimizedUnicode`` 的代码可以显式地使用 ``str``，或者依赖同样为 ``str`` 的默认值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1560 +msgid "(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`92548`.)" +msgstr "（由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`92548` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1563 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1565 +msgid "" +"Remove :mod:`ssl`'s :func:`!ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes` function, deprecated in " +"Python 3.6: use :func:`os.urandom` or :func:`ssl.RAND_bytes` instead. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`94199`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`ssl` 的 :func:`!ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes` 函数，它在 Python 3.6 中已被弃用：请改用 " +":func:`os.urandom` 或 :func:`ssl.RAND_bytes`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94199`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"Remove the :func:`!ssl.match_hostname` function. It was deprecated in Python" +" 3.7. OpenSSL performs hostname matching since Python 3.7, Python no longer " +"uses the :func:`!ssl.match_hostname` function. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`94199`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`!ssl.match_hostname` 函数。 它在 Python 3.7 中已被弃用。 OpenSSL 自 Python " +"3.7 起将会执行主机名匹配，Python 已不再使用 :func:`!ssl.match_hostname` 函数。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`94199` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1575 +msgid "" +"Remove the :func:`!ssl.wrap_socket` function, deprecated in Python 3.7: " +"instead, create a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object and call its " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` method. Any package that still uses " +":func:`!ssl.wrap_socket` is broken and insecure. The function neither sends " +"a SNI TLS extension nor validates the server hostname. Code is subject to " +":cwe:`295` (Improper Certificate Validation). (Contributed by Victor Stinner" +" in :gh:`94199`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`!ssl.wrap_socket` 函数，它在 Python 3.7 中已被弃用：应改为创建一个 " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 对象并调用其 :class:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` 方法。 " +"任何仍然使用 :func:`!ssl.wrap_socket` 的包都是已不适用且不安全的。 该函数既不会发送 SNI TLS " +"扩展也不会验证服务器主机名。 其代码会受到 :cwe:`295` (Improper Certificate Validation) 的影响。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94199` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1586 +msgid "Remove many long-deprecated :mod:`unittest` features:" +msgstr "移除了许多早已弃用的 :mod:`unittest` 特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1590 +msgid "A number of :class:`~unittest.TestCase` method aliases:" +msgstr "一些 :class:`~unittest.TestCase` 方法的别名:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1593 +msgid "Deprecated alias" +msgstr "已弃用的别名" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1593 +msgid "Method Name" +msgstr "方法名" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1593 +msgid "Deprecated in" +msgstr "弃用于" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1595 +msgid "``failUnless``" +msgstr "``failUnless``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1595 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1602 +msgid ":meth:`.assertTrue`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertTrue`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1595 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1596 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1597 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1598 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1599 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1600 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1601 +msgid "3.1" +msgstr "3.1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1596 +msgid "``failIf``" +msgstr "``failIf``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1596 +msgid ":meth:`.assertFalse`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertFalse`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1597 +msgid "``failUnlessEqual``" +msgstr "``failUnlessEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1597 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1603 +msgid ":meth:`.assertEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1598 +msgid "``failIfEqual``" +msgstr "``failIfEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1598 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1604 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1599 +msgid "``failUnlessAlmostEqual``" +msgstr "``failUnlessAlmostEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1599 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1605 +msgid ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1600 +msgid "``failIfAlmostEqual``" +msgstr "``failIfAlmostEqual``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1600 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1606 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1601 +msgid "``failUnlessRaises``" +msgstr "``failUnlessRaises``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1601 +msgid ":meth:`.assertRaises`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertRaises`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1602 +msgid "``assert_``" +msgstr "``assert_``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1602 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1603 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1604 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1605 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1606 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1607 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1608 +msgid "3.2" +msgstr "3.2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1603 +msgid "``assertEquals``" +msgstr "``assertEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1604 +msgid "``assertNotEquals``" +msgstr "``assertNotEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1605 +msgid "``assertAlmostEquals``" +msgstr "``assertAlmostEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1606 +msgid "``assertNotAlmostEquals``" +msgstr "``assertNotAlmostEquals``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1607 +msgid "``assertRegexpMatches``" +msgstr "``assertRegexpMatches``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1607 +msgid ":meth:`.assertRegex`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertRegex`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1608 +msgid "``assertRaisesRegexp``" +msgstr "``assertRaisesRegexp``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1608 +msgid ":meth:`.assertRaisesRegex`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertRaisesRegex`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1609 +msgid "``assertNotRegexpMatches``" +msgstr "``assertNotRegexpMatches``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1609 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotRegex`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotRegex`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1609 +msgid "3.5" +msgstr "3.5" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1612 +msgid "" +"You can use https://github.com/isidentical/teyit to automatically modernise " +"your unit tests." +msgstr "您可以使用 https://github.com/isidentical/teyit 来自动更新你的单元测试。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1615 +msgid "" +"Undocumented and broken :class:`~unittest.TestCase` method " +"``assertDictContainsSubset`` (deprecated in Python 3.2)." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档且已不可用的 :class:`~unittest.TestCase` 方法 ``assertDictContainsSubset``。 （在 " +"Python 3.2 中已弃用。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1618 +msgid "" +"Undocumented :meth:`TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule " +"` parameter *use_load_tests* " +"(deprecated and ignored since Python 3.5)." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的 :meth:`TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule " +"` 形参 *use_load_tests*。 （自 Python " +"3.5 起已弃用并会被忽略。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1622 +msgid "" +"An alias of the :class:`~unittest.TextTestResult` class: ``_TextTestResult``" +" (deprecated in Python 3.2)." +msgstr "" +":class:`~unittest.TextTestResult` 类的一个别名: ``_TextTestResult``。 （在 Python 3.2" +" 中已弃用。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1625 +msgid "(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`89325`.)" +msgstr "（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`89325` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1628 +msgid "webbrowser" +msgstr "webbrowser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1630 +msgid "" +"Remove support for obsolete browsers from :mod:`webbrowser`. The removed " +"browsers include: Grail, Mosaic, Netscape, Galeon, Skipstone, Iceape, " +"Firebird, and Firefox versions 35 and below (:gh:`102871`)." +msgstr "" +"从 :mod:`webbrowser` 移除了对过时浏览器的支持。 " +"被移除的浏览器包括：Grail、Mosaic、Netscape、Galeon、Skipstone、Iceape、Firebird 和 Firefox " +"35 及以下的版本 (:gh:`102871`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1635 +msgid "xml.etree.ElementTree" +msgstr "xml.etree.ElementTree" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1637 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``ElementTree.Element.copy()`` method of the pure Python " +"implementation, deprecated in Python 3.10, use the :func:`copy.copy` " +"function instead. The C implementation of :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` has " +"no ``copy()`` method, only a ``__copy__()`` method. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`94383`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了纯 Python 实现的 ``ElementTree.Element.copy()`` 方法，该方法在 Python 3.10 中已被弃用，请改用" +" :func:`copy.copy` 函数。 :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` 的 C 实现没有 ``copy()`` " +"方法，只有 ``__copy__()`` 方法。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94383` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1644 +msgid "zipimport" +msgstr "zipimport" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"Remove :mod:`zipimport`'s ``find_loader()`` and ``find_module()`` methods, " +"deprecated in Python 3.10: use the ``find_spec()`` method instead. See " +":pep:`451` for the rationale. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`94379`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`zipimport` 的 ``find_loader()`` 和 ``find_module()`` 方法，它们在 Python " +"3.10 中已被弃用：请改用 ``find_spec()`` 方法。 请参阅 :pep:`451` 了解相关说明。 （由 Victor Stinner " +"在 :gh:`94379` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1652 +msgid "Others" +msgstr "其他事项" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1654 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``suspicious`` rule from the documentation :file:`Makefile` and " +":file:`Doc/tools/rstlint.py`, both in favor of `sphinx-lint " +"`_. (Contributed by Julien " +"Palard in :gh:`98179`.)" +msgstr "" +"从文档 :file:`Makefile` 和 :file:`Doc/tools/rstlint.py` 中移除了 ``suspicious`` " +"规则，请改用 `sphinx-lint `_。 （由 " +"Julien Palard 在 :gh:`98179` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1659 +msgid "" +"Remove the *keyfile* and *certfile* parameters from the :mod:`ftplib`, " +":mod:`imaplib`, :mod:`poplib` and :mod:`smtplib` modules, and the " +"*key_file*, *cert_file* and *check_hostname* parameters from the " +":mod:`http.client` module, all deprecated since Python 3.6. Use the " +"*context* parameter (*ssl_context* in :mod:`imaplib`) instead. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :gh:`94172`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`ftplib`、:mod:`imaplib`、:mod:`poplib` 和 :mod:`smtplib` 模块中的 " +"*keyfile* 和 *certfile* 形参数，以及 :mod:`http.client` 模块中的 *key_file*、*cert_file*" +" 和 *check_hostname* 形参，它们自 Python 3.6 起都已被弃用。 请改用 *context* 形参（在 " +":mod:`imaplib` 中为 *ssl_context* 形参）。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94172` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1667 +msgid "" +"Remove ``Jython`` compatibility hacks from several stdlib modules and tests." +" (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`99482`.)" +msgstr "" +"从多个标准库模块和测试中移除了 ``Jython`` 兼容性处理。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`99482` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1670 +msgid "" +"Remove ``_use_broken_old_ctypes_structure_semantics_`` flag from " +":mod:`ctypes` module. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`99285`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 :mod:`ctypes` 模块移除了 ``_use_broken_old_ctypes_structure_semantics_`` 旗标。 （由" +" Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`99285` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1678 ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2002 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.12" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.12" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1680 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1684 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1686 +msgid "" +"More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references and group " +"names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is now accepted " +"as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and replacement " +"strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and underscore. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在对于正则表达式中的数字分组引用和分组名称将应用更严格的规则。 现在只接受 ASCII 数字序列作为数字引用。 " +"字节串模式和替换字符串中的分组名称现在只能包含 ASCII 字母、数字和下划线。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91760` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1693 +msgid "" +"Remove ``randrange()`` functionality deprecated since Python 3.10. " +"Formerly, ``randrange(10.0)`` losslessly converted to ``randrange(10)``. " +"Now, it raises a :exc:`TypeError`. Also, the exception raised for non-" +"integer values such as ``randrange(10.5)`` or ``randrange('10')`` has been " +"changed from :exc:`ValueError` to :exc:`TypeError`. This also prevents bugs" +" where ``randrange(1e25)`` would silently select from a larger range than " +"``randrange(10**25)``. (Originally suggested by Serhiy Storchaka " +":gh:`86388`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了自 Python 3.10 起已被弃用的 ``randrange()`` 功能。 以前，``randrange(10.0)`` 会无损地转换为 " +"``randrange(10)``。 现在，它将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 此外，对于非整数值如 ``randrange(10.5)`` " +"或 ``randrange('10')`` 所引发的异常已从 :exc:`ValueError` 改为 :exc:`TypeError`。 这也防止了 " +"``randrange(1e25)`` 会从比 ``randrange(10**25)`` 更大的范围中静默选择的问题。 （最初由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :gh:`86388` 中提议。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1701 +msgid "" +":class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` changed encoding and error handler for " +"reading arguments from file (e.g. ``fromfile_prefix_chars`` option) from " +"default text encoding (e.g. :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) " +"`) to :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler`. Argument files should be encoded in UTF-8 instead of ANSI Codepage" +" on Windows." +msgstr "" +":class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` 将从文件（例如 ``fromfile_prefix_chars`` " +"选项）读取参数的编码格式和错误处理器从默认的文本编码格式（例如 :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) " +"` 调用）改为 :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler`。 在 Windows 系统中参数文件应使用 UTF-8 而不是 ANSI 代码页来编码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1707 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``asyncore``-based ``smtpd`` module deprecated in Python 3.4.7 " +"and 3.5.4. A recommended replacement is the :mod:`asyncio`-based " +":pypi:`aiosmtpd` PyPI module." +msgstr "" +"移除了在 Python 3.4.7 和 3.5.4 中已被弃用的基于 ``asyncore`` 的 ``smtpd`` 模块。 推荐的替代是基于 " +":mod:`asyncio` 的 :pypi:`aiosmtpd` PyPI 模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1711 +msgid "" +":func:`shlex.split`: Passing ``None`` for *s* argument now raises an " +"exception, rather than reading :data:`sys.stdin`. The feature was deprecated" +" in Python 3.9. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`94352`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shlex.split`: 传入 ``None`` 作为 *s* 参数现在将引发异常，而不是读取 :data:`sys.stdin`。 " +"该特性在 Python 3.9 中已被弃用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`94352` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1716 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module no longer accepts bytes-like paths, like " +":class:`bytearray` and :class:`memoryview` types: only the exact " +":class:`bytes` type is accepted for bytes strings. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`98393`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`os` 模块不再接受类似字节串的路径，如 :class:`bytearray` 和 :class:`memoryview` " +"类型：只接受明确的 :class:`bytes` 类型字节串。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`98393` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1721 +msgid "" +":func:`syslog.openlog` and :func:`syslog.closelog` now fail if used in " +"subinterpreters. :func:`syslog.syslog` may still be used in subinterpreters," +" but now only if :func:`syslog.openlog` has already been called in the main " +"interpreter. These new restrictions do not apply to the main interpreter, so" +" only a very small set of users might be affected. This change helps with " +"interpreter isolation. Furthermore, :mod:`syslog` is a wrapper around " +"process-global resources, which are best managed from the main interpreter. " +"(Contributed by Donghee Na in :gh:`99127`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`syslog.openlog` 和 :func:`syslog.closelog` 如果在子解释器中使用将失败。 " +":func:`syslog.syslog` 仍可在子解释器中使用，但前提是 :func:`syslog.openlog` 已在主解释器中被调用。 " +"这些新限制不适用于主解释器，因此只有少数用户可能会受到影响。 这一改变有助于实现解释器隔离。 此外，:mod:`syslog` " +"是一个针对进程全局资源的包装器，而这些资源最好是由主解释器来管理。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :gh:`99127` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1730 +msgid "" +"The undocumented locking behavior of :func:`~functools.cached_property` is " +"removed, because it locked across all instances of the class, leading to " +"high lock contention. This means that a cached property getter function " +"could now run more than once for a single instance, if two threads race. For" +" most simple cached properties (e.g. those that are idempotent and simply " +"calculate a value based on other attributes of the instance) this will be " +"fine. If synchronization is needed, implement locking within the cached " +"property getter function or around multi-threaded access points." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的 :func:`~functools.cached_property` " +"的锁定行为已被移除，因为该行为会在类的所有实例中锁定，从而导致高锁定争用。 " +"这意味着如果两个线程同时运行，缓存属性获取函数现在可以在单个实例中运行不止一次。 " +"对于大多数简单的缓存属性（例如那些幂等的并且只需根据实例的其他属性计算一个值的属性）来说这是没有问题的。 " +"如果需要同步，可在缓存属性获取函数中或多线程访问点周围实现锁定操作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1743 +msgid "" +"When extracting tar files using :mod:`tarfile` or " +":func:`shutil.unpack_archive`, pass the *filter* argument to limit features " +"that may be surprising or dangerous. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` " +"for details." +msgstr "" +"当使用 :mod:`tarfile` 或 :func:`shutil.unpack_archive` 提取 tar 文件时，请传入 *filter* " +"参数来限制可能令人感到意外或危险的特性。 请参阅 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1748 +msgid "" +"The output of the :func:`tokenize.tokenize` and " +":func:`tokenize.generate_tokens` functions is now changed due to the changes" +" introduced in :pep:`701`. This means that ``STRING`` tokens are not emitted" +" any more for f-strings and the tokens described in :pep:`701` are now " +"produced instead: ``FSTRING_START``, ``FSTRING_MIDDLE`` and ``FSTRING_END`` " +"are now emitted for f-string \"string\" parts in addition to the appropriate" +" tokens for the tokenization in the expression components. For example for " +"the f-string ``f\"start {1+1} end\"`` the old version of the tokenizer " +"emitted::" +msgstr "" +"由于在 :pep:`701` 中引入的更改 :func:`tokenize.tokenize` 和 " +":func:`tokenize.generate_tokens` 函数的输出现在发生了改变。 这意味着不再为 f-字符输出 ``STRING`` " +"词元而是改为产生 :pep:`701` 中描述的词元：除了用于对表达式组件进行分词的适当词元外现在还有 ``FSTRING_START``, " +"``FSTRING_MIDDLE`` 和 ``FSTRING_END`` 会被用于 f-字符串的“字符串”部分。 例如对于 f-字符串 " +"``f\"start {1+1} end\"`` 旧版本的分词器会生成::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1757 +msgid "1,0-1,18: STRING 'f\"start {1+1} end\"'" +msgstr "1,0-1,18: STRING 'f\"start {1+1} end\"'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1759 +msgid "while the new version emits::" +msgstr "而新版本将生成::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1761 +msgid "" +"1,0-1,2: FSTRING_START 'f\"'\n" +"1,2-1,8: FSTRING_MIDDLE 'start '\n" +"1,8-1,9: OP '{'\n" +"1,9-1,10: NUMBER '1'\n" +"1,10-1,11: OP '+'\n" +"1,11-1,12: NUMBER '1'\n" +"1,12-1,13: OP '}'\n" +"1,13-1,17: FSTRING_MIDDLE ' end'\n" +"1,17-1,18: FSTRING_END '\"'" +msgstr "" +"1,0-1,2: FSTRING_START 'f\"'\n" +"1,2-1,8: FSTRING_MIDDLE 'start '\n" +"1,8-1,9: OP '{'\n" +"1,9-1,10: NUMBER '1'\n" +"1,10-1,11: OP '+'\n" +"1,11-1,12: NUMBER '1'\n" +"1,12-1,13: OP '}'\n" +"1,13-1,17: FSTRING_MIDDLE ' end'\n" +"1,17-1,18: FSTRING_END '\"'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1771 +msgid "" +"Additionally, there may be some minor behavioral changes as a consequence of" +" the changes required to support :pep:`701`. Some of these changes include:" +msgstr "此外，支持 :pep:`701` 所需的改变还可能会导致一些细微的行为改变。 这些变化包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1774 +msgid "" +"The ``type`` attribute of the tokens emitted when tokenizing some invalid " +"Python characters such as ``!`` has changed from ``ERRORTOKEN`` to ``OP``." +msgstr "" +"在对一些无效 Python 字符如 ``!`` 进行分词时相应词元的 ``type`` 属性已从 ``ERRORTOKEN`` 变为 ``OP``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1777 +msgid "" +"Incomplete single-line strings now also raise :exc:`tokenize.TokenError` as " +"incomplete multiline strings do." +msgstr "不完整的单行字符串现在也会像不完整的多行字符串一样引发 :exc:`tokenize.TokenError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"Some incomplete or invalid Python code now raises :exc:`tokenize.TokenError`" +" instead of returning arbitrary ``ERRORTOKEN`` tokens when tokenizing it." +msgstr "" +"某些不完整或无效的 Python 代码现在会引发 :exc:`tokenize.TokenError` 而不是在执行分词时返回任意的 " +"``ERRORTOKEN`` 词元。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1783 +msgid "" +"Mixing tabs and spaces as indentation in the same file is not supported " +"anymore and will raise a :exc:`TabError`." +msgstr "在同一文件中混合使用制表符和空格作为缩进不再受到支持而是会引发 :exc:`TabError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1786 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module now expects the :mod:`!_thread` module to have " +"an ``_is_main_interpreter`` attribute. It is a function with no arguments " +"that returns ``True`` if the current interpreter is the main interpreter." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`threading` 模块会预期 :mod:`!_thread` 模块具有 ``_is_main_interpreter`` 属性。 " +"它是一个不带参数的函数并会在当前解释器为主解释器时返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1791 +msgid "" +"Any library or application that provides a custom ``_thread`` module should " +"provide ``_is_main_interpreter()``. (See :gh:`112826`.)" +msgstr "" +"任何提供了自定义 ``_thread`` 模块的库或应用程序都应当提供 ``_is_main_interpreter()``。 （参见 " +":gh:`112826`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1796 +msgid "Build Changes" +msgstr "构建变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1798 +msgid "" +"Python no longer uses :file:`setup.py` to build shared C extension modules. " +"Build parameters like headers and libraries are detected in ``configure`` " +"script. Extensions are built by :file:`Makefile`. Most extensions use ``pkg-" +"config`` and fall back to manual detection. (Contributed by Christian Heimes" +" in :gh:`93939`.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 不再使用 :file:`setup.py` 来构建共享的 C 扩展模块。 头文件和库等编译参数在 ``configure`` 脚本中检测。" +" 扩展将由 :file:`Makefile` 来构建。 大多数扩展使用 ``pkg-config`` 并回退为手动检测。 （由 Christian " +"Heimes 在 :gh:`93939` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1804 +msgid "" +"``va_start()`` with two parameters, like ``va_start(args, format),`` is now " +"required to build Python. ``va_start()`` is no longer called with a single " +"parameter. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`93207`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在需要用带有两个形参的 ``va_start()``，如 ``va_start(args, format),`` 来构建 Python。 " +"现在将不会再调用单个形参的 ``va_start()``。 （由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`93207` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"CPython now uses the ThinLTO option as the default link time optimization " +"policy if the Clang compiler accepts the flag. (Contributed by Donghee Na in" +" :gh:`89536`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在如果 Clang 编译器接受 ThinLTO 选项则 CPython 会将其作为默认的链接时间优化策略。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":gh:`89536` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1813 +msgid "" +"Add ``COMPILEALL_OPTS`` variable in :file:`Makefile` to override " +":mod:`compileall` options (default: ``-j0``) in ``make install``. Also " +"merged the 3 ``compileall`` commands into a single command to build .pyc " +"files for all optimization levels (0, 1, 2) at once. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`99289`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :file:`Makefile` 中添加了 ``COMPILEALL_OPTS`` 变量以覆盖 ``make install`` 中的 " +":mod:`compileall` 选项 (默认值: ``-j0``)。 并将 3 条 ``compileall`` " +"命令合并为单条命令以便一次性构建所有优化级别 (0, 1, 2) 的 .pyc 文件。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`99289` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1819 +msgid "Add platform triplets for 64-bit LoongArch:" +msgstr "为 64 位 LoongArch 添加了平台三选项:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1821 +msgid "loongarch64-linux-gnusf" +msgstr "loongarch64-linux-gnusf" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1822 +msgid "loongarch64-linux-gnuf32" +msgstr "loongarch64-linux-gnuf32" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1823 +msgid "loongarch64-linux-gnu" +msgstr "loongarch64-linux-gnu" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1825 +msgid "(Contributed by Zhang Na in :gh:`90656`.)" +msgstr "（由 Zhang Na 在 :gh:`90656` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1827 +msgid "``PYTHON_FOR_REGEN`` now require Python 3.10 or newer." +msgstr "``PYTHON_FOR_REGEN`` 现在需要 Python 3.10 或更新版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1829 +msgid "" +"Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.4 is now required to regenerate " +":file:`!configure`. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`89886`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在需要有 autoconf 2.71 和 aclocal 1.16.4 才能重新生成 :file:`!configure`。 （由 Christian" +" Heimes 在 :gh:`89886` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1833 +msgid "" +"Windows builds and macOS installers from python.org now use OpenSSL 3.0." +msgstr "来自 python.org 的 Windows 版本和 macOS 安装程序现在使用 OpenSSL 3.0。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1837 +msgid "C API Changes" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1844 +msgid "" +":pep:`697`: Introduce the :ref:`Unstable C API tier `, " +"intended for low-level tools like debuggers and JIT compilers. This API may " +"change in each minor release of CPython without deprecation warnings. Its " +"contents are marked by the ``PyUnstable_`` prefix in names." +msgstr "" +":pep:`697`: 引入了 :ref:`不稳定 C API 层 `，用于调试器和 JIT 编译器等低层级工具。 该 " +"API 可能会在 CPython 的每个次要版本中发生变化而但发出弃用警告。 其内容在名称中以 ``PyUnstable_`` 前缀标记。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1850 +msgid "Code object constructors:" +msgstr "代码对象构造器:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1852 +msgid "``PyUnstable_Code_New()`` (renamed from ``PyCode_New``)" +msgstr "``PyUnstable_Code_New()`` (由 ``PyCode_New`` 改名而来)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1853 +msgid "" +"``PyUnstable_Code_NewWithPosOnlyArgs()`` (renamed from " +"``PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs``)" +msgstr "" +"``PyUnstable_Code_NewWithPosOnlyArgs()`` (由 ``PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs`` " +"改名而来)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1855 +msgid "Extra storage for code objects (:pep:`523`):" +msgstr "代码对象的额外存储 (:pep:`523`):" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1857 +msgid "" +"``PyUnstable_Eval_RequestCodeExtraIndex()`` (renamed from " +"``_PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex``)" +msgstr "" +"``PyUnstable_Eval_RequestCodeExtraIndex()`` (由 " +"``_PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex`` 改名而来)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1858 +msgid "``PyUnstable_Code_GetExtra()`` (renamed from ``_PyCode_GetExtra``)" +msgstr "``PyUnstable_Code_GetExtra()`` (由 ``_PyCode_GetExtra`` 改名而来)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1859 +msgid "``PyUnstable_Code_SetExtra()`` (renamed from ``_PyCode_SetExtra``)" +msgstr "``PyUnstable_Code_SetExtra()`` (由 ``_PyCode_SetExtra`` 改名而来)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1861 +msgid "" +"The original names will continue to be available until the respective API " +"changes." +msgstr "原有名称将继续可用直到对应的 API 发生改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1864 +msgid "(Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`101101`.)" +msgstr "（由 Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`101101` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1866 +msgid "" +":pep:`697`: Add an API for extending types whose instance memory layout is " +"opaque:" +msgstr ":pep:`697`: 添加了用于扩展实例内存布局不透明的类型的 API:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1869 +msgid "" +":c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` can be zero or negative to specify " +"inheriting or extending the base class size." +msgstr ":c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` 可以为零或负数，用于以指定继承或扩展基类的大小。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1871 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyObject_GetTypeData` and :c:func:`PyType_GetTypeDataSize` added to" +" allow access to subclass-specific instance data." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyObject_GetTypeData` 和 :c:func:`PyType_GetTypeDataSize` " +"以允许访问特定子类的实例数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1873 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` and :c:func:`PyObject_GetItemData` added " +"to allow safely extending certain variable-sized types, including " +":c:var:`PyType_Type`." +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_GetItemData` " +"以允许安全地扩展某些可变大小的类型，包括 :c:var:`PyType_Type`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1876 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET` added to allow defining :c:type:`members " +"` in terms of a subclass-specific struct." +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:macro:`Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET` 以允许用特定于子类的结构体来定义 :c:type:`成员 " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1879 +msgid "(Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`103509`.)" +msgstr "（由 Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`103509` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1881 +msgid "" +"Add the new :ref:`limited C API ` function " +":c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass`, which generalizes the existing " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` using an additional metaclass argument. " +"(Contributed by Wenzel Jakob in :gh:`93012`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :ref:`受限 C API ` 函数 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass`，它使用了额外的 metaclass 参数对现有的 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 进行了泛化。 （由 Wenzel Jakob 在 :gh:`93012` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1886 +msgid "" +"API for creating objects that can be called using :ref:`the vectorcall " +"protocol ` was added to the :ref:`Limited API `:" +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`受限 ` 中添加了用于创建可使用 :ref:`vectorcall 协议 ` 来调用的对象的 " +"API:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1890 +msgid ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1891 +msgid ":c:func:`PyVectorcall_NARGS`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyVectorcall_NARGS`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1892 +msgid ":c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1893 +msgid ":c:type:`vectorcallfunc`" +msgstr ":c:type:`vectorcallfunc`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1895 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` flag is now removed from a class " +"when the class's :py:meth:`~object.__call__` method is reassigned. This " +"makes vectorcall safe to use with mutable types (i.e. heap types without the" +" immutable flag, :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE`). Mutable types that do" +" not override :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` now inherit the " +"``Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL`` flag. (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in " +":gh:`93274`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当一个类的 :py:meth:`~object.__call__` 方法被重新赋值时，该类的 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` 旗标将被移除。 这使得 vectorcall " +"可以安全地用于可变类型（即没有不可变旗标 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` 的堆类型）。 未重载 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` 的可变类型现在继承了 ``Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL`` " +"旗标。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`93274` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` and " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` flags have been added. This allows " +"extensions classes to support object :attr:`~object.__dict__` and weakrefs " +"with less bookkeeping, using less memory and with faster access." +msgstr "" +"新增了 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 和 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` 旗标。 这将允许扩展类以更少的记录消耗来支持对象 " +":attr:`~object.__dict__` 和弱引用，占用更少内存并加快访问速度。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1908 +msgid "" +"API for performing calls using :ref:`the vectorcall protocol ` " +"was added to the :ref:`Limited API `:" +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`受限 API ` 中添加了使用 :ref:`vectorcall 协议 ` 执行调用的 API:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1912 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1913 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallMethod`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallMethod`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1914 +msgid ":c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1916 +msgid "" +"This means that both the incoming and outgoing ends of the vector call " +"protocol are now available in the :ref:`Limited API `. (Contributed " +"by Wenzel Jakob in :gh:`98586`.)" +msgstr "" +"这意味着 vectorcall 调用协议的传入端和传出端现在都可以在 :ref:`受限 API ` 中使用。 （由 Wenzel " +"Jakob 在 :gh:`98586` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1920 +msgid "" +"Add two new public functions, :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfileAllThreads` and " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetTraceAllThreads`, that allow to set tracing and profiling" +" functions in all running threads in addition to the calling one. " +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :gh:`93503`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了两个新的公共函数 :c:func:`PyEval_SetProfileAllThreads` 和 " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetTraceAllThreads`，允许在调用的同时在所有运行线程中设置追踪和性能分析函数。 （由 Pablo " +"Galindo 在 :gh:`93503` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1926 +msgid "" +"Add new function :c:func:`PyFunction_SetVectorcall` to the C API which sets " +"the vectorcall field of a given :c:type:`PyFunctionObject`. (Contributed by " +"Andrew Frost in :gh:`92257`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 C API 添加了新函数 :c:func:`PyFunction_SetVectorcall` 用于设置给定 " +":c:type:`PyFunctionObject` 的 vectorcall 字段。 （由 Andrew Frost 在 :gh:`92257` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"The C API now permits registering callbacks via :c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher`," +" :c:func:`PyDict_Watch` and related APIs to be called whenever a dictionary " +"is modified. This is intended for use by optimizing interpreters, JIT " +"compilers, or debuggers. (Contributed by Carl Meyer in :gh:`91052`.)" +msgstr "" +"C API 现在允许通过 :c:func:`PyDict_AddWatcher`、:c:func:`PyDict_Watch` 和相关 API " +"注册回调，以便在字典被修改时调用。 这主要用于优化解释器、JIT 编译器或调试器。 （由 Carl Meyer 在 :gh:`91052` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1936 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` and :c:func:`PyType_Watch` API to register " +"callbacks to receive notification on changes to a type. (Contributed by Carl" +" Meyer in :gh:`91051`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:func:`PyType_AddWatcher` 和 :c:func:`PyType_Watch` API " +"用于注册回调以接收类型变更通知。 （由 Carl Meyer 在 :gh:`91051` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1940 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyCode_AddWatcher` and :c:func:`PyCode_ClearWatcher` APIs to " +"register callbacks to receive notification on creation and destruction of " +"code objects. (Contributed by Itamar Oren in :gh:`91054`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:func:`PyCode_AddWatcher` 和 :c:func:`PyCode_ClearWatcher` API " +"用于注册回调以接收代码对象创建和销毁时的通知。 （由 Itamar Oren 在 :gh:`91054` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVar` and :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVarString` functions to" +" get a frame variable by its name. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`91248`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVar` 和 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVarString` " +"函数用于通过名称来获取帧变量。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`91248` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1949 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` and " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` for saving and restoring the current " +"exception. These functions return and accept a single exception object, " +"rather than the triple arguments of the now-deprecated :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`" +" and :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`. This is less error prone and a bit more " +"efficient. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`101578`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 和 :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` " +"用于保存和恢复当前异常。 这些函数返回并接受单个异常对象，而不是像现在已弃用的 :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` 和 " +":c:func:`PyErr_Restore` 那样的三个参数。 这样不容易出错并且更为高效。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 " +":gh:`101578` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1957 +msgid "" +"Add ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions1``, which takes an exception instance, to " +"replace the legacy-API ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions``, which is now deprecated. " +"(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`101578`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions1``，它接受一个异常实例，用于取代旧式 API " +"``_PyErr_ChainExceptions``，后者现已被弃用。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :gh:`101578` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1961 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyException_GetArgs` and :c:func:`PyException_SetArgs` as " +"convenience functions for retrieving and modifying the " +":attr:`~BaseException.args` passed to the exception's constructor. " +"(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`101578`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:func:`PyException_GetArgs` 和 :c:func:`PyException_SetArgs` " +"作为便捷函数用于检索和修改传递给异常的构造函数的 :attr:`~BaseException.args`。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 " +":gh:`101578` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1966 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`, which takes an exception instance, to " +"replace the legacy-api :c:func:`!PyErr_Display`. (Contributed by Irit " +"Katriel in :gh:`102755`)." +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`，它接受一个异常实例，用于取代旧式 API " +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`102755` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1972 +msgid "" +":pep:`683`: Introduce *Immortal Objects*, which allows objects to bypass " +"reference counts, and related changes to the C-API:" +msgstr ":pep:`683`: 引入了 *永生对象*，它允许对象绕过引用计数，并对 C-API 进行相应修改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1975 +msgid "``_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT``: The reference count that defines an object" +msgstr "``_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT``: 定义对象的引用计数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1976 +msgid "as immortal." +msgstr "为永生对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1977 +msgid "" +"``_Py_IsImmortal`` Checks if an object has the immortal reference count." +msgstr "``_Py_IsImmortal`` 检测一个对象是否具有永生引用计数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1978 +msgid "``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` This will now initialize reference count to" +msgstr "``PyObject_HEAD_INIT`` 这将把引用计数初始化为" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1979 +msgid "``_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT`` when used with ``Py_BUILD_CORE``." +msgstr "``_Py_IMMORTAL_REFCNT`` 当配合 ``Py_BUILD_CORE`` 使用时。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1980 +msgid "" +"``SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL`` An identifier for interned unicode objects" +msgstr "``SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL`` 一个针对内部 unicode 对象的标识符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1981 +msgid "that are immortal." +msgstr "为永生对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1982 +msgid "``SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC`` An identifier for interned unicode" +msgstr "``SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL_STATIC`` 一个针对内部 unicode" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1983 +msgid "objects that are immortal and static" +msgstr "为永生且静态的对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1984 +msgid "" +"``sys.getunicodeinternedsize`` This returns the total number of unicode" +msgstr "``sys.getunicodeinternedsize`` 这将返回总计的 unicode" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1985 +msgid "" +"objects that have been interned. This is now needed for :file:`refleak.py` " +"to correctly track reference counts and allocated blocks" +msgstr "被管理的对象。现在 :file:`refleak.py` 需要这样才能正确地追踪引用计数和分配的块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1988 +msgid "(Contributed by Eddie Elizondo in :gh:`84436`.)" +msgstr "（由 Eddie Elizondo 在 :gh:`84436` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1990 +msgid "" +":pep:`684`: Add the new :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` function and " +":c:type:`PyInterpreterConfig`, which may be used to create sub-interpreters " +"with their own GILs. (See :ref:`whatsnew312-pep684` for more info.) " +"(Contributed by Eric Snow in :gh:`104110`.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`684`: 新增了 :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig` 函数和 " +":c:type:`PyInterpreterConfig`，可用于创建具有单独 GIL 的子解释器。 （更多信息参见 " +":ref:`whatsnew312-pep684`。） （由 Eric Snow 在 :gh:`104110` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:1996 +msgid "" +"In the limited C API version 3.12, :c:func:`Py_INCREF` and " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` functions are now implemented as opaque function calls " +"to hide implementation details. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`105387`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 3.12 版的受限 C API 中，:c:func:`Py_INCREF` 和 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` " +"函数现在使用不透明函数调用的方式实现以隐藏实现细节。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105387` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2004 +msgid "" +"Legacy Unicode APIs based on ``Py_UNICODE*`` representation has been " +"removed. Please migrate to APIs based on UTF-8 or ``wchar_t*``." +msgstr "" +"基于 ``Py_UNICODE*`` 表示形式的旧式 Unicode API 已被移除。 请迁移到基于 UTF-8 或 ``wchar_t*`` 的 " +"API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2007 +msgid "" +"Argument parsing functions like :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` doesn't support " +"``Py_UNICODE*`` based format (e.g. ``u``, ``Z``) anymore. Please migrate to " +"other formats for Unicode like ``s``, ``z``, ``es``, and ``U``." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 等参数解析函数不再支持基于 ``Py_UNICODE*`` 的格式（例如 ``u``, ``Z``" +" 等）。 请迁移到其他 Unicode 格式如 ``s``, ``z``, ``es`` 和 ``U``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2011 +msgid "" +"``tp_weaklist`` for all static builtin types is always ``NULL``. This is an " +"internal-only field on ``PyTypeObject`` but we're pointing out the change in" +" case someone happens to be accessing the field directly anyway. To avoid " +"breakage, consider using the existing public C-API instead, or, if " +"necessary, the (internal-only) ``_PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR()`` macro." +msgstr "" +"``tp_weaklist`` 对于所有静态内置类型将始终为 ``NULL``。 这是 ``PyTypeObject`` " +"上的一个内部专属字段，但我们还是要指出这一变化以防有人碰巧仍然直接访问到该字段。 为避免出现中断，请考虑改用现有的公共 " +"C-API，或在必要时使用（仅限内部使用的）宏 ``_PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR()``。 " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2018 +msgid "" +"This internal-only :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses` may now not be a " +"valid object pointer. Its type was changed to :c:expr:`void *` to reflect " +"this. We mention this in case someone happens to be accessing the internal-" +"only field directly." +msgstr "" +"现在这个内部专用的 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses` 可能不是一个有效的对象指针。 " +"为了反映这一点我们将其类型改为 :c:expr:`void*`。 我们提到这一点是为了防止有人碰巧直接访问到这个内部专用字段。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2023 +msgid "" +"To get a list of subclasses, call the Python method " +":py:meth:`~type.__subclasses__` (using :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`, for " +"example)." +msgstr "" +"要获取子类的列表，可调用 Python 方法 :py:meth:`~type.__subclasses__` (例如使用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2027 +msgid "" +"Add support of more formatting options (left aligning, octals, uppercase " +"hexadecimals, :c:type:`intmax_t`, :c:type:`ptrdiff_t`, :c:type:`wchar_t` C " +"strings, variable width and precision) in :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` and" +" :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`98836`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` " +"中添加对更多格式选项（左对齐、八进制、大写十六进制、:c:type:`intmax_t`、:c:type:`ptrdiff_t`、:c:type:`wchar_t`" +" C 字符串、可变宽度和精度）的支持。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`98836` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2033 +msgid "" +"An unrecognized format character in :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` now sets a :exc:`SystemError`. In previous " +"versions it caused all the rest of the format string to be copied as-is to " +"the result string, and any extra arguments discarded. (Contributed by Serhiy" +" Storchaka in :gh:`95781`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` " +"中未被识别的格式字符现在会设置一个 :exc:`SystemError`。 " +"在之前的版本中它会导致格式字符串的所有其他部分被原样复制到结果字符串中，并丢弃任何额外的参数。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":gh:`95781` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"Fix wrong sign placement in :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV`. (Contributed by Philip Georgi in " +":gh:`95504`.)" +msgstr "" +"修复了 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` " +"中错误的标志位置。 （由 Philip Georgi 在 :gh:`95504` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2043 +msgid "" +"Extension classes wanting to add a :attr:`~object.__dict__` or weak " +"reference slot should use :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` and " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` instead of ``tp_dictoffset`` and " +"``tp_weaklistoffset``, respectively. The use of ``tp_dictoffset`` and " +"``tp_weaklistoffset`` is still supported, but does not fully support " +"multiple inheritance (:gh:`95589`), and performance may be worse. Classes " +"declaring :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` must call " +":c:func:`!_PyObject_VisitManagedDict` and " +":c:func:`!_PyObject_ClearManagedDict` to traverse and clear their instance's" +" dictionaries. To clear weakrefs, call :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs`, as " +"before." +msgstr "" +"想要添加 :attr:`~object.__dict__` 或弱引用槽位的扩展类应当分别使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` " +"来代替 ``tp_dictoffset`` 和 ``tp_weaklistoffset``。 ``tp_dictoffset`` 和 " +"``tp_weaklistoffset`` 的使用仍然受到支持，但并不完全支持多重继承 (:gh:`95589`)，而且性能可能会变差。 声明了 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 的类必须调用 " +":c:func:`!_PyObject_VisitManagedDict` 和 " +":c:func:`!_PyObject_ClearManagedDict` 来遍历并清空其实例的字典。 要清空弱引用，请像之前一样调用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2055 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSDecoder` function no longer accepts bytes-like " +"paths, like :class:`bytearray` and :class:`memoryview` types: only the exact" +" :class:`bytes` type is accepted for bytes strings. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`98393`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FSDecoder` 函数不再接受类似字节串的路径，如 :class:`bytearray` 和 " +":class:`memoryview` 类型：只接受明确的 :class:`bytes` 类型字节字符串。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`98393` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2060 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`Py_CLEAR`, :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` and :c:macro:`Py_XSETREF` " +"macros now only evaluate their arguments once. If an argument has side " +"effects, these side effects are no longer duplicated. (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :gh:`98724`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`Py_CLEAR`、:c:macro:`Py_SETREF` 和 :c:macro:`Py_XSETREF` " +"宏现在只会对其参数求值一次。如果参数有附带影响，这些附带影响将不会再重复。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`98724` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2065 +msgid "" +"The interpreter's error indicator is now always normalized. This means that " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetObject`, :c:func:`PyErr_SetString` and the other functions" +" that set the error indicator now normalize the exception before storing it." +" (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`101578`.)" +msgstr "" +"解释器的错误指示器现在总是规范化的。 这意味着 :c:func:`PyErr_SetObject`、:c:func:`PyErr_SetString` " +"以及其他设置错误指示器的函数在保存异常之前都会将其规范化。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :gh:`101578` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2070 +msgid "" +"``_Py_RefTotal`` is no longer authoritative and only kept around for ABI " +"compatibility. Note that it is an internal global and only available on " +"debug builds. If you happen to be using it then you'll need to start using " +"``_Py_GetGlobalRefTotal()``." +msgstr "" +"``_Py_RefTotal`` 已不再具有重要性而保留它只是为了 ABI 的兼容性。 请注意，这是一个内部全局变量并且仅在调试版本中可用。 " +"如果你碰巧要使用它那么你需要开始使用 ``_Py_GetGlobalRefTotal()``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2075 +msgid "" +"The following functions now select an appropriate metaclass for the newly " +"created type:" +msgstr "下面的函数将为新创建的类型选择一个合适的元类:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2078 +msgid ":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2079 +msgid ":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2080 +msgid ":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2082 +msgid "" +"Creating classes whose metaclass overrides :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` " +"is deprecated, and in Python 3.14+ it will be disallowed. Note that these " +"functions ignore ``tp_new`` of the metaclass, possibly allowing incomplete " +"initialization." +msgstr "" +"创建具有重载了 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 的元类的类的做法已被弃用，在 Python 3.14+ 中将被禁止。 " +"请注意这些函数会忽略元类的 ``tp_new``，从而可能导致不完整的初始化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2087 +msgid "" +"Note that :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass` (added in Python 3.12) already " +"disallows creating classes whose metaclass overrides ``tp_new`` " +"(:meth:`~object.__new__` in Python)." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass` (在 Python 3.12 中新增) 已禁止创建具有重载了 ``tp_new``" +" (在 Python 中为 :meth:`~object.__new__` ) 的元类的类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"Since ``tp_new`` overrides almost everything ``PyType_From*`` functions do, " +"the two are incompatible with each other. The existing behavior -- ignoring " +"the metaclass for several steps of type creation -- is unsafe in general, " +"since (meta)classes assume that ``tp_new`` was called. There is no simple " +"general workaround. One of the following may work for you:" +msgstr "" +"由于 ``tp_new`` 重载了``PyType_From*`` 函数的几乎所有内容，因此两者互不兼容。 现有的行为 -- " +"在创建类型的一些步骤中忽略元类 -- 通常都是不安全的，因为（元）类会假定 ``tp_new`` 已被调用。 目前还没有简单通用的绕过方式。 " +"以下办法之一可能对你有用:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2098 +msgid "If you control the metaclass, avoid using ``tp_new`` in it:" +msgstr "如果你控制着元类，请避免在其中使用 ``tp_new``:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2100 +msgid "" +"If initialization can be skipped, it can be done in " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` instead." +msgstr "如初始化可被跳过，则可以改在 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_init` 中完成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2102 +msgid "" +"If the metaclass doesn't need to be instantiated from Python, set its " +"``tp_new`` to ``NULL`` using the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` flag. This makes it acceptable " +"for ``PyType_From*`` functions." +msgstr "" +"如果元类不需要从 Python 执行实例化，则使用 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` 旗标将其 " +"``tp_new`` 设为 ``NULL``。 这将使其可被 ``PyType_From*`` 函数接受。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2107 +msgid "" +"Avoid ``PyType_From*`` functions: if you don't need C-specific features " +"(slots or setting the instance size), create types by :ref:`calling ` " +"the metaclass." +msgstr "" +"避免使用 ``PyType_From*`` 函数：如果不需要 C 专属的特性（槽位或设置实例大小），请通过 :ref:`调用 ` " +"元类来创建类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2111 +msgid "" +"If you *know* the ``tp_new`` can be skipped safely, filter the deprecation " +"warning out using :func:`warnings.catch_warnings` from Python." +msgstr "" +"如果你 *知道* 可以安全地跳过 ``tp_new``，就使用 Python 中的 :func:`warnings.catch_warnings` " +"过滤掉弃用警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2114 +msgid "" +":c:var:`PyOS_InputHook` and :c:var:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` are no " +"longer called in :ref:`subinterpreters `. This is " +"because clients generally rely on process-wide global state (since these " +"callbacks have no way of recovering extension module state)." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`PyOS_InputHook` 和 :c:var:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` 将不再在 " +":ref:`子解释器 ` 中被调用。 " +"这是因为客户端通常依赖进程级的全局状态（而这些回调没有办法恢复扩展模块状态）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2119 +msgid "" +"This also avoids situations where extensions may find themselves running in " +"a subinterpreter that they don't support (or haven't yet been loaded in). " +"See :gh:`104668` for more info." +msgstr "这也避免了扩展程序在不支持（或尚未被加载）的子解释器中运行的情况。 请参阅 :gh:`104668` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2123 +msgid "" +":c:struct:`PyLongObject` has had its internals changed for better " +"performance. Although the internals of :c:struct:`PyLongObject` are private," +" they are used by some extension modules. The internal fields should no " +"longer be accessed directly, instead the API functions beginning " +"``PyLong_...`` should be used instead. Two new *unstable* API functions are " +"provided for efficient access to the value of :c:struct:`PyLongObject`\\s " +"which fit into a single machine word:" +msgstr "" +":c:struct:`PyLongObject` 对其内部字段进行了修改以提高性能。 虽然 :c:struct:`PyLongObject` " +"的内部字段是私有的，但某些扩展模块会使用它们。 内部字段不应再被直接访问，而应改用以 ``PyLong_...`` 打头的 API 函数。 新增了两个 " +"*暂定* API 函数用于高效访问适配至单个机器字的 :c:struct:`PyLongObject` 的值:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2131 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2132 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2134 +msgid "" +"Custom allocators, set via :c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator`, are now required to" +" be thread-safe, regardless of memory domain. Allocators that don't have " +"their own state, including \"hooks\", are not affected. If your custom " +"allocator is not already thread-safe and you need guidance then please " +"create a new GitHub issue and CC ``@ericsnowcurrently``." +msgstr "" +"通过 :c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` 设置的自定义分配器现在必须是线程安全的，无论内存域是什么。 " +"没有自己的状态的分配器，包括“钩子”将不会受影响。 如果你的自定义分配器还不是线程安全的且你需要指导则请创建一个新的 GitHub 问题并抄送给 " +"``@ericsnowcurrently``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2144 +msgid "" +"In accordance with :pep:`699`, the ``ma_version_tag`` field in " +":c:type:`PyDictObject` is deprecated for extension modules. Accessing this " +"field will generate a compiler warning at compile time. This field will be " +"removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Ramvikrams and Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`101193`. PEP by Ken Jin.)" +msgstr "" +"根据 :pep:`699` 的要求，:c:type:`PyDictObject` 中的 ``ma_version_tag`` 字段对于扩展模块已被弃用。" +" 访问该字段将在编译时生成编译器警告。 该字段将在 Python 3.14 中移除。 （由 Ramvikrams 和 Kumar Aditya 在 " +":gh:`101193` 中贡献。 PEP 由 Ken Jin 撰写。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2149 +msgid "Deprecate global configuration variable:" +msgstr "已弃用的全局配置变量:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2151 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2152 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2153 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2154 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2155 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2156 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2157 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2158 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2159 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2160 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2161 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2162 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2163 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2164 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` " +"and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2166 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`" +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: 使用 :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2167 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: use " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: 使用 " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2168 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: 使用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2169 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 使用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2170 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 使用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2171 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: 使用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2172 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` (see " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: 使用 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` (参见 " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2174 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with " +":c:type:`PyConfig` instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`77782`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API 应当改为使用 :c:type:`PyConfig`。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`77782` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2178 +msgid "" +"Creating :c:data:`immutable types ` with mutable " +"bases is deprecated and will be disabled in Python 3.14. (:gh:`95388`)" +msgstr "" +"使用可变的基类创建 :c:data:`不可变类型 ` 的做法已被弃用并将在 Python 3.14 " +"中被禁用。 (:gh:`95388`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2181 +msgid "" +"The :file:`structmember.h` header is deprecated, though it continues to be " +"available and there are no plans to remove it." +msgstr ":file:`structmember.h` 头文件已被弃用，不过它仍可继续使用也没有计划将其移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2184 +msgid "" +"Its contents are now available just by including :file:`Python.h`, with a " +"``Py`` prefix added if it was missing:" +msgstr "现在只需包括 :file:`Python.h` 即可获得其内容，如果找不到请添加 ``Py`` 前缀：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2187 +msgid "" +":c:struct:`PyMemberDef`, :c:func:`PyMember_GetOne` and " +":c:func:`PyMember_SetOne`" +msgstr "" +":c:struct:`PyMemberDef`, :c:func:`PyMember_GetOne` 和 " +":c:func:`PyMember_SetOne`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2189 +msgid "" +"Type macros like :c:macro:`Py_T_INT`, :c:macro:`Py_T_DOUBLE`, etc. " +"(previously ``T_INT``, ``T_DOUBLE``, etc.)" +msgstr "" +"类型宏如 :c:macro:`Py_T_INT`, :c:macro:`Py_T_DOUBLE` 等（之前为 ``T_INT``, " +"``T_DOUBLE`` 等）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2191 +msgid "" +"The flags :c:macro:`Py_READONLY` (previously ``READONLY``) and " +":c:macro:`Py_AUDIT_READ` (previously all uppercase)" +msgstr "" +"旗标 :c:macro:`Py_READONLY` (之前为 ``READONLY``) 和 :c:macro:`Py_AUDIT_READ` " +"(之前为全大写形式)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2194 +msgid "Several items are not exposed from :file:`Python.h`:" +msgstr ":file:`Python.h` 上有几个项目没有暴露：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2196 +msgid ":c:macro:`T_OBJECT` (use :c:macro:`Py_T_OBJECT_EX`)" +msgstr ":c:macro:`T_OBJECT` (使用 :c:macro:`Py_T_OBJECT_EX`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2197 +msgid ":c:macro:`T_NONE` (previously undocumented, and pretty quirky)" +msgstr ":c:macro:`T_NONE` (之前未写入文档，并且相当怪异)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2198 +msgid "The macro ``WRITE_RESTRICTED`` which does nothing." +msgstr "不进行任何操作的宏 ``WRITE_RESTRICTED``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2199 +msgid "" +"The macros ``RESTRICTED`` and ``READ_RESTRICTED``, equivalents of " +":c:macro:`Py_AUDIT_READ`." +msgstr "``RESTRICTED`` 和 ``READ_RESTRICTED`` 宏，等同于 :c:macro:`Py_AUDIT_READ`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2201 +msgid "" +"In some configurations, ```` is not included from " +":file:`Python.h`. It should be included manually when using ``offsetof()``." +msgstr "" +"在某些配置中， :file:`Python.h` 未包含 ```` 。使用 ``offsetof()`` 时，应手动将其包含在内。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2204 +msgid "" +"The deprecated header continues to provide its original contents under the " +"original names. Your old code can stay unchanged, unless the extra include " +"and non-namespaced macros bother you greatly." +msgstr "已被弃用的头文件将继续以原来的名称提供原来的内容。 你的旧代码可以保持不变，除非额外的包括指令和无命名空间宏会给你带来很大困扰。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2209 +msgid "" +"(Contributed in :gh:`47146` by Petr Viktorin, based on earlier work by " +"Alexander Belopolsky and Matthias Braun.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`47146` 中贡献，基于 Alexander Belopolsky 和 Matthias Braun " +"在先前的工作。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2212 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` and :c:func:`PyErr_Restore` are deprecated. Use " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` and :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` " +"instead. (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`101578`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` 和 :c:func:`PyErr_Restore` 已被弃用。请使用 " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` 和 :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` " +"代替。(由 Mark Shannon 在:gh:`101578` 贡献）。 " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2217 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display` is deprecated. Use :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`" +" instead. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`102755`)." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display` 已被弃用，请改用 :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`。 （由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :gh:`102755` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2220 +msgid "" +"``_PyErr_ChainExceptions`` is deprecated. Use ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions1`` " +"instead. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`102192`.)" +msgstr "" +"``_PyErr_ChainExceptions`` 已被弃用。 请改用 ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions1``。 （由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :gh:`102192` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2223 +msgid "" +"Using :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`, :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` or " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` to create a class whose metaclass " +"overrides :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` is deprecated. Call the metaclass" +" instead." +msgstr "" +"使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`, :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` 或 " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 来创建所属元类重载了 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new` 的类的做法已被弃用。 请改为调用相应元类。is deprecated. Call " +"the metaclass instead." + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The ``ma_version_tag`` field in :c:type:`PyDictObject` for extension modules" +" (:pep:`699`; :gh:`101193`)." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyDictObject` 中的 ``ma_version_tag`` 字段用于扩展模块 ( :pep:`699` ; " +":gh:`101193` )。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Creating :c:data:`immutable types ` with mutable " +"bases (:gh:`95388`)." +msgstr "" +"创建 :c:data:`immutable types` 的可变基础 ( :gh:`95388` " +")。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Functions to configure Python's initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:" +msgstr "用于配置 Python 的初始化的函数，在 Python 3.11 中已弃用：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:12 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:18 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.home` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.home`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:21 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with " +":c:type:`PyConfig` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API 应与 :c:type:`PyConfig` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "Global configuration variables:" +msgstr "全局配置变量：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:26 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:28 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:32 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:34 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:38 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` " +"and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:55 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:57 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:65 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:67 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: Use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` instead. (see " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: 改用 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`。 (参见 " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +msgid "The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal``." +msgstr "捆绑的 ``libmpdecimal`` 副本。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:5 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: Use " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` instead." +msgstr "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:7 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: Use " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` 和 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:9 +msgid "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and the :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` macro: Use " +":c:type:`wchar_t` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` 类型和 :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` 宏：改用 :c:type:`wchar_t`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "Python initialization functions:" +msgstr "Python 初始化函数" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: Clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and " +":data:`!warnings.filters` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: 改为清除 :data:`sys.warnoptions` 和 " +":data:`!warnings.filters`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` and " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` 和 " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: Get :data:`sys.path` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_prefix` and :data:`sys.prefix` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_prefix` 和 :data:`sys.prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: Get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: 改为获取 :c:member:`PyConfig.home` 或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下 API 已被弃用，将被移除，但目前尚未确定移除日期。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: Unneeded since Python 3.8." +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: 自 Python 3.8 起不再需要。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:9 +msgid ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:11 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: Use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: 改用 :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: Use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: 改用 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: Use :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: 改用 :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:21 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:23 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:27 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: Unneeded since Python 3.12" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: 自 Python 3.12 起不再需要" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:31 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:33 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: Use :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: 改用 :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "" +":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` member: call :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` 成员：改为调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:37 +msgid ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` member." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` 成员。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:38 +msgid "Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:" +msgstr "线程本地存储 (TLS) API：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:50 +msgid ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: Unneeded since Python 3.7." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: 自 Python 3.7 起不再需要。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2239 +msgid "" +"Remove the :file:`token.h` header file. There was never any public tokenizer" +" C API. The :file:`token.h` header file was only designed to be used by " +"Python internals. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`92651`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除 :file:`token.h` 头文件。从来就没有任何公开的 C 语言标记程序接口。 :file:`token.h` 头文件只是为 Python " +"内部使用而设计的。(由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`92651` 提供）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2244 +msgid "Legacy Unicode APIs have been removed. See :pep:`623` for detail." +msgstr "旧式 Unicode API 已被移除。 请参阅 :pep:`623` 了解详情。for detail." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2246 +msgid ":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2247 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2248 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicode`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2249 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2250 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_DATA`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_DATA`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2251 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2252 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_SIZE`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_SIZE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2253 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetSize`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetSize`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2254 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.12.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``PyUnicode_InternImmortal()`` function macro. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :gh:`85858`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``PyUnicode_InternImmortal()`` 函数宏。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`85858` " +"中贡献。）.)" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.13.po b/whatsnew/3.13.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a438140c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.13.po @@ -0,0 +1,6504 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2024 +# jacky , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# ProgramRipper, 2024 +# Nyuan Zhang, 2024 +# lqks, 2024 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2024 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2024 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Alpha Du , 2024 +# Aruelius.L, 2024 +# Sefank , 2024 +# 赵天悦 , 2024 +# 汇民 王 , 2024 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-04 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-05-11 01:09+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:4 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.13" +msgstr "Python 3.13 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:0 +msgid "Editors" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:6 +msgid "Adam Turner and Thomas Wouters" +msgstr "Adam Turner 和 Thomas Wouters" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:48 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.13, compared to 3.12. " +"Python 3.13 was released on October 7, 2024. For full details, see the " +":ref:`changelog `." +msgstr "" +"本文介绍了 Python 3.13 相比 3.12 增加的新特性。 Python 3.13 已于 2024 年 10 月 7 日发布。 " +"要获取详细信息，可参阅 :ref:`更新日志 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:54 +msgid ":pep:`719` -- Python 3.13 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`719` -- Python 3.13 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:58 +msgid "Summary -- Release Highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:63 +msgid "" +"Python 3.13 is the latest stable release of the Python programming language," +" with a mix of changes to the language, the implementation and the standard " +"library. The biggest changes include a new `interactive interpreter " +"`_, experimental support for " +"running in a `free-threaded mode `_ " +"(:pep:`703`), and a `Just-In-Time compiler `_ " +"(:pep:`744`)." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.13 是 Python 编程语言的最新稳定发布版，包含多项针对语言、实现和标准库的改变。 最大的变化包括一个新的 `交互式解释器 " +"`_，以及对于在 `自由线程模式 " +"`_ (:pep:`703`) 下运行和 `即时编译器 " +"`_ (:pep:`744`) 的实验性支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:72 +msgid "" +"Error messages continue to improve, with tracebacks now highlighted in color" +" by default. The :func:`locals` builtin now has :ref:`defined semantics " +"` for changing the returned mapping, and type " +"parameters now support default values." +msgstr "" +"错误消息继续得到改进，回溯信息现在默认使用彩色高亮显示。 :func:`locals` 内置函数现在对于修改所返回的映射具有 :ref:`更细化的语法 " +"`，并且类型形参现在支持设置默认值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:77 +msgid "" +"The library changes contain removal of deprecated APIs and modules, as well " +"as the usual improvements in user-friendliness and correctness. Several " +"legacy standard library modules have now `been removed " +"`_ following their deprecation in Python 3.11 " +"(:pep:`594`)." +msgstr "" +"针对标准库的改变包括移除已弃用的 API 和模块，以及用户友好度和正确性方面的常规提升。 一些旧式标准库模块自 Python 3.11 起被弃用 " +"(:pep:`594`) 之后现在 `已被移除 `_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:82 +msgid "" +"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of all new " +"features, but instead gives a convenient overview. For full details refer to" +" the documentation, such as the :ref:`Library Reference ` and" +" :ref:`Language Reference `. To understand the complete " +"implementation and design rationale for a change, refer to the PEP for a " +"particular new feature; but note that PEPs usually are not kept up-to-date " +"once a feature has been fully implemented. See `Porting to Python 3.13`_ for" +" guidance on upgrading from earlier versions of Python." +msgstr "" +"本文并不试图提供所有新特性的完整规范说明，而是提供一个方便的概览。 要了解完整细节请参阅相应文档，如 :ref:`标准库参数 ` 和 :ref:`语言参考 `。 要了解某项改变的完整实现和设计理念，请参阅相应新特性的 " +"PEP；但请注意一旦某项特性已完全实现则相应 PEP 通常不会再继续更新。 请参阅 `迁移到 Python 3.13`_ 了解如何从较早 Python " +"进行升级的指导。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:98 +msgid "Interpreter improvements:" +msgstr "解释器的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:100 +msgid "" +"A greatly improved :ref:`interactive interpreter ` and :ref:`improved error messages " +"`." +msgstr "" +"大幅改进的 :ref:`交互式解释器 ` 和 " +":ref:`改进的错误消息 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:103 +msgid "" +":pep:`667`: The :func:`locals` builtin now has :ref:`defined semantics " +"` when mutating the returned mapping. Python " +"debuggers and similar tools may now more reliably update local variables in " +"optimized scopes even during concurrent code execution." +msgstr "" +":pep:`667`: 现在 :func:`locals` 内置函数在修改被返回的映射时具有 :ref:`已定义语义 " +"`。 Python " +"调试器及类似的工具现在即使在并发代码执行期间也能更可靠地在已优化的作用域中更新局部变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:108 +msgid "" +":pep:`703`: CPython 3.13 has experimental support for running with the " +":term:`global interpreter lock` disabled. See :ref:`Free-threaded CPython " +"` for more details." +msgstr "" +":pep:`703`: CPython 3.13 具有对在运行时禁用 :term:`global interpreter lock` 的实验性支持。 " +"请参阅 :ref:`自由线程 CPython ` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:111 +msgid "" +":pep:`744`: A basic :ref:`JIT compiler ` was " +"added. It is currently disabled by default (though we may turn it on later)." +" Performance improvements are modest -- we expect to improve this over the " +"next few releases." +msgstr "" +":pep:`744`: 增加了一个基本的 :ref:`JIT 编译器 `。 " +"目前默认是禁用的（但以后可能启用）。 能够小幅提升性能 -- 我们预计在接下来的几个发布版中不断改进它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:115 +msgid "" +"Color support in the new :ref:`interactive interpreter `, as well as in :ref:`tracebacks " +"` and :ref:`doctest " +"` output. This can be disabled through the " +":envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` and |NO_COLOR|_ environment variables." +msgstr "" +"在新的 :ref:`交互式解释器 ` 中，以及 " +":ref:`回溯信息 ` 和 :ref:`文档测试 " +"` 输出中的颜色支持。 这可以通过 :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` and " +"|NO_COLOR|_ 环境变量来禁用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:122 +msgid "Python data model improvements:" +msgstr "对 Python 数据模型的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:124 +msgid "" +":attr:`~type.__static_attributes__` stores the names of attributes accessed " +"through ``self.X`` in any function in a class body." +msgstr "" +":attr:`~type.__static_attributes__` 保存了可在一个类体的任何函数中通过 ``self.X`` 来访问的属性名称。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:126 +msgid "" +":attr:`~type.__firstlineno__` records the first line number of a class " +"definition." +msgstr ":attr:`~type.__firstlineno__` 记录了一个类定义的首行的行号。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:129 +msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:" +msgstr "标准库中的重大改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:131 +msgid "" +"Add a new :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` exception, raised when an operation" +" is blocked during :term:`finalization `." +msgstr "" +"新增了 :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` 异常，当操作在 :term:`最终化 ` 期间被阻塞时将被引发。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:133 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`argparse` module now supports deprecating command-line options, " +"positional arguments, and subcommands." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`argparse` 模块可支持弃用命令行选项、位置参数和子命令。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:135 +msgid "" +"The new functions :func:`base64.z85encode` and :func:`base64.z85decode` " +"support encoding and decoding `Z85 data`_." +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`base64.z85encode` 和 :func:`base64.z85decode` 支持对 `Z85 数据`_ " +"进行编码和解码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:137 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`copy` module now has a :func:`copy.replace` function, with support" +" for many builtin types and any class defining the " +":func:`~object.__replace__` method." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`copy` 模块有一个 :func:`copy.replace` 函数，支持许多内置类型和任何定义了 " +":func:`~object.__replace__` 方法的类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:140 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`dbm.sqlite3` module is now the default :mod:`dbm` backend." +msgstr "新的 :mod:`dbm.sqlite3` 模块现在是默认的 :mod:`dbm` 后端。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:141 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module has a :ref:`suite of new functions ` for " +"working with Linux's timer notification file descriptors." +msgstr ":mod:`os` 模块增加了 :ref:`一套新函数 ` 用于处理 Linux 的定时器通知文件描述符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:143 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`random` module now has a :ref:`command-line interface `." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`random` 模块提供了一个 :ref:`命令行界面 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:145 +msgid "Security improvements:" +msgstr "安全改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:147 +msgid "" +":func:`ssl.create_default_context` sets " +":data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` and :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` as " +"default flags." +msgstr "" +":func:`ssl.create_default_context` 设置了 :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN`" +" 和 :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` 作为默认的旗标。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:150 +msgid "C API improvements:" +msgstr "C API 的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:152 +msgid "" +"The :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` slot is now used to indicate that an extension " +"module supports running with the :term:`GIL` disabled." +msgstr "现在 :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` 槽位被用来指明一个扩展模块支持在禁用 :term:`GIL` 的情况下运行。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:154 +msgid "" +"The :doc:`PyTime C API ` has been added, providing access to " +"system clocks." +msgstr "增加了 :doc:`PyTime C API `，提供了对系统时钟的访问。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:156 +msgid "" +":c:type:`PyMutex` is a new lightweight mutex that occupies a single byte." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyMutex` 是新增的轻量级互斥锁，只占用一个字节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:157 +msgid "" +"There is a new :ref:`suite of functions ` for generating " +":pep:`669` monitoring events in the C API." +msgstr "新增了 :ref:`一套函数 ` 用于在 C API 中生成 :pep:`669` 监控事件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:160 +msgid "New typing features:" +msgstr "新的类型标注特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:162 +msgid "" +":pep:`696`: Type parameters (:data:`typing.TypeVar`, " +":data:`typing.ParamSpec`, and :data:`typing.TypeVarTuple`) now support " +"defaults." +msgstr "" +":pep:`696`: 类型形参 (:data:`typing.TypeVar`, :data:`typing.ParamSpec` 和 " +":data:`typing.TypeVarTuple`) 现在可支持默认值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:164 +msgid "" +":pep:`702`: The new :func:`warnings.deprecated` decorator adds support for " +"marking deprecations in the type system and at runtime." +msgstr ":pep:`702`: 新的 :func:`warnings.deprecated` 装饰器在类型系统和运行时中增加了对标记为弃用的支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:166 +msgid "" +":pep:`705`: :data:`typing.ReadOnly` can be used to mark an item of a " +":class:`typing.TypedDict` as read-only for type checkers." +msgstr "" +":pep:`705`: :data:`typing.ReadOnly` 可被用来将 :class:`typing.TypedDict` " +"的项标记为对类型检查器只读。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:168 +msgid "" +":pep:`742`: :data:`typing.TypeIs` provides more intuitive type narrowing " +"behavior, as an alternative to :data:`typing.TypeGuard`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`742`: :data:`typing.TypeIs` 提供了更直观的类型细化行为，作为对 :data:`typing.TypeGuard`" +" 的替代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:171 +msgid "Platform support:" +msgstr "平台支持：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:173 +msgid "" +":pep:`730`: Apple's iOS is now an :ref:`officially supported platform " +"`, at :pep:`tier 3 <11#tier-3>`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`730`: 现在 Apple 的 iOS 是 :ref:`官方支持的平台 `，处于 :pep:`第 3 层级 <11#tier-3>`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:175 +msgid "" +":pep:`738`: Android is now an :ref:`officially supported platform " +"`, at :pep:`tier 3 <11#tier-3>`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`738`: 现在 Android 是 :ref:`官方支持的平台 `，处于 " +":pep:`第 3 层级 <11#tier-3>`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:177 +msgid "" +"``wasm32-wasi`` is now supported as a :pep:`tier 2 <11#tier-2>` platform." +msgstr "现在 ``wasm32-wasi`` 作为 :pep:`第 2 层级 <11#tier-2>` 的平台受到支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:178 +msgid "``wasm32-emscripten`` is no longer an officially supported platform." +msgstr "``wasm32-emscripten`` 不再是受到官方支持的平台。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:180 +msgid "Important removals:" +msgstr "重要的移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:182 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 594 `: The remaining 19 \"dead batteries\" " +"(legacy stdlib modules) have been removed from the standard library: " +":mod:`!aifc`, :mod:`!audioop`, :mod:`!cgi`, :mod:`!cgitb`, :mod:`!chunk`, " +":mod:`!crypt`, :mod:`!imghdr`, :mod:`!mailcap`, :mod:`!msilib`, :mod:`!nis`," +" :mod:`!nntplib`, :mod:`!ossaudiodev`, :mod:`!pipes`, :mod:`!sndhdr`, " +":mod:`!spwd`, :mod:`!sunau`, :mod:`!telnetlib`, :mod:`!uu` and " +":mod:`!xdrlib`." +msgstr "" +":ref:`PEP 594 `: 剩余的 19 个“死电池”（老旧 stdlib 模块）已从标准库中移除: " +":mod:`!aifc`, :mod:`!audioop`, :mod:`!cgi`, :mod:`!cgitb`, :mod:`!chunk`, " +":mod:`!crypt`, :mod:`!imghdr`, :mod:`!mailcap`, :mod:`!msilib`, :mod:`!nis`," +" :mod:`!nntplib`, :mod:`!ossaudiodev`, :mod:`!pipes`, :mod:`!sndhdr`, " +":mod:`!spwd`, :mod:`!sunau`, :mod:`!telnetlib`, :mod:`!uu` 和 :mod:`!xdrlib`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:188 +msgid "" +"Remove the :program:`2to3` tool and :mod:`!lib2to3` module (deprecated in " +"Python 3.11)." +msgstr "移除了 :program:`2to3` 工具和 :mod:`!lib2to3` 模块（在 Python 3.11 中已被弃用）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:190 +msgid "Remove the :mod:`!tkinter.tix` module (deprecated in Python 3.6)." +msgstr "移除了 :mod:`!tkinter.tix` 模块（在 Python 3.6 中已被弃用）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:191 +msgid "Remove the :func:`!locale.resetlocale` function." +msgstr "移除了 :func:`!locale.resetlocale` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:192 +msgid "Remove the :mod:`!typing.io` and :mod:`!typing.re` namespaces." +msgstr "移除了 :mod:`!typing.io` 和 :mod:`!typing.re` 命名空间。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:193 +msgid "Remove chained :class:`classmethod` descriptors." +msgstr "移除了链式的 :class:`classmethod` 描述器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:195 +msgid "Release schedule changes:" +msgstr "发布计划的变化：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:197 +msgid "" +":pep:`602` (\"Annual Release Cycle for Python\") has been updated to extend " +"the full support ('bugfix') period for new releases to two years. This " +"updated policy means that:" +msgstr "" +":pep:`602` (\"Annual Release Cycle for Python\") 已被更新为将新发布版的完整支持 ('bugfix') " +"期扩展至两年。 这个更新的政策意味着：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:201 +msgid "" +"Python 3.9--3.12 have one and a half years of full support, followed by " +"three and a half years of security fixes." +msgstr "Python 3.9--3.12 有一年半的完整支持，另加三年半的安全修正。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:203 +msgid "" +"Python 3.13 and later have two years of full support, followed by three " +"years of security fixes." +msgstr "Python 3.13 及以后的版本有两年的完整支持，另加三年的安全修正。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:208 ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2037 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:214 +msgid "A better interactive interpreter" +msgstr "更好的交互式解释器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:216 +msgid "" +"Python now uses a new :term:`interactive` shell by default, based on code " +"from the `PyPy project`_. When the user starts the :term:`REPL` from an " +"interactive terminal, the following new features are now supported:" +msgstr "" +"Python 现在默认会使用新的 :term:`interactive` shell，它基于来自 `PyPy 项目`_ 的代码。 当使用从交互式终端启动" +" :term:`REPL` 时，下列新特性将受到支持：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:221 +msgid "Multiline editing with history preservation." +msgstr "多行编辑并保留历史记录。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:222 +msgid "" +"Direct support for REPL-specific commands like :kbd:`help`, :kbd:`exit`, and" +" :kbd:`quit`, without the need to call them as functions." +msgstr "" +"对 REPL 专属的命令如 :kbd:`help`, :kbd:`exit` 和 :kbd:`quit` 的直接支持，无需以函数形式调用它们。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:224 +msgid "" +"Prompts and tracebacks with :ref:`color enabled by default `." +msgstr "提示和回溯 :ref:`默认启用彩色显示 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:226 +msgid "" +"Interactive help browsing using :kbd:`F1` with a separate command history." +msgstr "使用 :kbd:`F1` 浏览交互式帮助并带有单独的命令历史。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:228 +msgid "" +"History browsing using :kbd:`F2` that skips output as well as the " +":term:`>>>` and :term:`...` prompts." +msgstr "使用 :kbd:`F2` 浏览去除了输出以及 :term:`>>>` 和 :term:`...` 提示符的历史。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:230 +msgid "" +"\"Paste mode\" with :kbd:`F3` that makes pasting larger blocks of code " +"easier (press :kbd:`F3` again to return to the regular prompt)." +msgstr "使用 :kbd:`F3` 进入“粘贴模式”以更方便地粘贴大段代码（再次按 :kbd:`F3` 返回常规提示符）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:233 +msgid "" +"To disable the new interactive shell, set the :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` " +"environment variable. For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`." +msgstr "" +"要禁用新的交互式 shell，可设置 :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` 环境变量。 有关交互模式的详情，请参见 " +":ref:`tut-interac`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:237 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado, Łukasz Langa, and Lysandros Nikolaou " +"in :gh:`111201` based on code from the PyPy project. Windows support " +"contributed by Dino Viehland and Anthony Shaw.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Pablo Galindo Salgado, Łukasz Langa 和 Lysandros Nikolaou 在 :gh:`111201` " +"基于来自 PyPy 项目的代码贡献。 Windows 支持由 Dino Viehland 和 Anthony Shaw 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:247 +msgid "Improved error messages" +msgstr "改进的错误消息" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:249 +msgid "" +"The interpreter now uses color by default when displaying tracebacks in the " +"terminal. This feature :ref:`can be controlled `" +" via the new :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` environment variable as well as the " +"canonical |NO_COLOR|_ and |FORCE_COLOR|_ environment variables. (Contributed" +" by Pablo Galindo Salgado in :gh:`112730`.)" +msgstr "" +"在终端里显示回溯时解释器现在会默认使用彩色。 此特性可通过新的 :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` 环境变量以及传统的 " +"|NO_COLOR|_ 和 |FORCE_COLOR|_ 环境变量来 :ref:`进行控制 `。" +" （由 Pablo Galindo Salgado 在 :gh:`112730` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:264 +msgid "" +"A common mistake is to write a script with the same name as a standard " +"library module. When this results in errors, we now display a more helpful " +"error message:" +msgstr "一个常见错误是撰写的脚本和标准库中的某个模块重名。现在出现此类错误时会显示一条更有用的错误信息：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:268 +msgid "" +"$ python random.py\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/home/me/random.py\", line 1, in \n" +" import random\n" +" File \"/home/me/random.py\", line 3, in \n" +" print(random.randint(5))\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AttributeError: module 'random' has no attribute 'randint' (consider renaming '/home/me/random.py' since it has the same name as the standard library module named 'random' and prevents importing that standard library module)" +msgstr "" +"$ python random.py\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/home/me/random.py\", line 1, in \n" +" import random\n" +" File \"/home/me/random.py\", line 3, in \n" +" print(random.randint(5))\n" +" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"AttributeError: module 'random' has no attribute 'randint' (consider renaming '/home/me/random.py' since it has the same name as the standard library module named 'random' and prevents importing that standard library module)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:279 +msgid "" +"Similarly, if a script has the same name as a third-party module that it " +"attempts to import and this results in errors, we also display a more " +"helpful error message:" +msgstr "类似地，如果一个脚本具有与它尝试导入的第三方模块相同的名称并因此导致错误，我们也会显示一条更有帮助的错误消息：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:283 +msgid "" +"$ python numpy.py\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/home/me/numpy.py\", line 1, in \n" +" import numpy as np\n" +" File \"/home/me/numpy.py\", line 3, in \n" +" np.array([1, 2, 3])\n" +" ^^^^^^^^\n" +"AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'array' (consider renaming '/home/me/numpy.py' if it has the same name as a library you intended to import)" +msgstr "" +"$ python numpy.py\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/home/me/numpy.py\", line 1, in \n" +" import numpy as np\n" +" File \"/home/me/numpy.py\", line 3, in \n" +" np.array([1, 2, 3])\n" +" ^^^^^^^^\n" +"AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'array' (consider renaming '/home/me/numpy.py' if it has the same name as a library you intended to import)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:294 +msgid "(Contributed by Shantanu Jain in :gh:`95754`.)" +msgstr "(由 Shantanu Jain 在 :gh:`95754` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:296 +msgid "" +"The error message now tries to suggest the correct keyword argument when an " +"incorrect keyword argument is passed to a function." +msgstr "现在当向一个函数传入不正确的关键字参数时错误消息会尝试提示正确的关键字参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:299 +msgid "" +">>> \"Better error messages!\".split(max_split=1)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" \"Better error messages!\".split(max_split=1)\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"TypeError: split() got an unexpected keyword argument 'max_split'. Did you mean 'maxsplit'?" +msgstr "" +">>> \"Better error messages!\".split(max_split=1)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" \"Better error messages!\".split(max_split=1)\n" +" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" +"TypeError: split() got an unexpected keyword argument 'max_split'. Did you mean 'maxsplit'?" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:308 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado and Shantanu Jain in :gh:`107944`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo Salgado 和 Shantanu Jain 在 :gh:`107944` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:314 +msgid "Free-threaded CPython" +msgstr "自由线程的 CPython" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:316 +msgid "" +"CPython now has experimental support for running in a free-threaded mode, " +"with the :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) disabled. This is an " +"experimental feature and therefore is not enabled by default. The free-" +"threaded mode requires a different executable, usually called " +"``python3.13t`` or ``python3.13t.exe``. Pre-built binaries marked as *free-" +"threaded* can be installed as part of the official :ref:`Windows ` and :ref:`macOS ` " +"installers, or CPython can be built from source with the :option:`--disable-" +"gil` option." +msgstr "" +"现在 CPython 具有对运行于禁用 :term:`global interpreter lock` (GIL) 的自由线程模式的实验性支持。 " +"这是一个实验性的特性因而默认是不启用的。 自由线程模式需要一个不同的可执行程序，通常名为 ``python3.13t`` 或 " +"``python3.13t.exe``。 标记为 *free-threaded* 的预构建二进制文件可作为官方 :ref:`Windows " +"` 和 :ref:`macOS ` " +"安装器的一部分被安装，或者可以附带 :option:`--disable-gil` 选项使用源代码来构建 CPython。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:326 +msgid "" +"Free-threaded execution allows for full utilization of the available " +"processing power by running threads in parallel on available CPU cores. " +"While not all software will benefit from this automatically, programs " +"designed with threading in mind will run faster on multi-core hardware. " +"**The free-threaded mode is experimental** and work is ongoing to improve " +"it: expect some bugs and a substantial single-threaded performance hit. " +"Free-threaded builds of CPython support optionally running with the GIL " +"enabled at runtime using the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` or " +"the command-line option :option:`-X gil=1`." +msgstr "" +"自由线程模式的执行允许在可用的 CPU 核心上并行地运行线程从而充分利用可用的处理能力。 " +"虽然并非所有软件都能自动从中受益，但在设计时将线程纳入考虑的程序在多核心硬件上运行速度会更快。 **自由线程模式是实验性的** " +"并且处于不断改进的过程中：预计会出现一些程序错误并且在单线程场景下出现明显的性能损失。 可以选择使用环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` " +"或命令行选项 :option:`-X gil=1` 让 CPython 的自由线程构建版支持在运行时启用 GIL。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:336 +msgid "" +"To check if the current interpreter supports free-threading, :option:`python" +" -VV <-V>` and :data:`sys.version` contain \"experimental free-threading " +"build\". The new :func:`!sys._is_gil_enabled` function can be used to check " +"whether the GIL is actually disabled in the running process." +msgstr "" +"要判断当前解释器是否支持自由线程，可检查 :option:`python -VV <-V>` 和 :data:`sys.version` 是否包含 " +"\"experimental free-threading build\"。 新的 :func:`!sys._is_gil_enabled` " +"函数可用于检查在运行进程中 GIL 是否确实被关闭。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:341 +msgid "" +"C-API extension modules need to be built specifically for the free-threaded " +"build. Extensions that support running with the :term:`GIL` disabled should " +"use the :c:data:`Py_mod_gil` slot. Extensions using single-phase init should" +" use :c:func:`PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL` to indicate whether they support " +"running with the GIL disabled. Importing C extensions that don't use these " +"mechanisms will cause the GIL to be enabled, unless the GIL was explicitly " +"disabled with the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` environment variable or the " +":option:`-X gil=0` option. pip 24.1 or newer is required to install packages" +" with C extensions in the free-threaded build." +msgstr "" +"C-API 扩展模块需要针对自由线程构建版专门进行构建。 支持在禁用 :term:`GIL` 的情况下运行的扩展应当使用 " +":c:data:`Py_mod_gil` 槽位。 使用单阶段初始化的扩展应当使用 :c:func:`PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL` " +"来指明它们是支支持在禁用 GIL 的情况下运行。 导入不使用这些机制的 C 扩展将导致 GIL 被启用，除非通过 " +":envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` 环境变量或 :option:`-X gil=0` 选项显式地禁用 GIL。 需要 pip 24.1 " +"或更新的版本才能在自由线程构建版中安装带有 C 扩展的软件包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:352 +msgid "" +"This work was made possible thanks to many individuals and organizations, " +"including the large community of contributors to Python and third-party " +"projects to test and enable free-threading support. Notable contributors " +"include: Sam Gross, Ken Jin, Donghee Na, Itamar Oren, Matt Page, Brett " +"Simmers, Dino Viehland, Carl Meyer, Nathan Goldbaum, Ralf Gommers, Lysandros" +" Nikolaou, and many others. Many of these contributors are employed by Meta," +" which has provided significant engineering resources to support this " +"project." +msgstr "" +"这项工作成为可能要感谢许多个人和组织，包括针对 Python 和第三方项目测试并启用自由线程支持的庞大的贡献者社区。 重要的贡献者包括：Sam " +"Gross, Ken Jin, Donghee Na, Itamar Oren, Matt Page, Brett Simmers, Dino " +"Viehland, Carl Meyer, Nathan Goldbaum, Ralf Gommers, Lysandros Nikolaou " +"及其他许多人。 有许多贡献者受雇于 Meta，该公司提供了大量的工程资源来支持此项目。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:364 +msgid "" +":pep:`703` \"Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython\" " +"contains rationale and information surrounding this work." +msgstr "" +":pep:`703` \"Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython\" " +"中包含了有关此项工作的理念和信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:367 +msgid "" +"`Porting Extension Modules to Support Free-Threading `_: A community-maintained porting guide for " +"extension authors." +msgstr "" +"`Porting Extension Modules to Support Free-Threading `_: 一份由社区维护的针对扩展开发者的移植指南。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:375 +msgid "An experimental just-in-time (JIT) compiler" +msgstr "实验性的即时 (JIT) 编译器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:377 +msgid "" +"When CPython is configured and built using the :option:`!--enable-" +"experimental-jit` option, a just-in-time (JIT) compiler is added which may " +"speed up some Python programs. On Windows, use ``PCbuild/build.bat " +"--experimental-jit`` to enable the JIT or ``--experimental-jit-interpreter``" +" to enable the Tier 2 interpreter. Build requirements and further supporting" +" information `are contained at`__ :file:`Tools/jit/README.md`." +msgstr "" +"当 CPython 使用 :option:`!--enable-experimental-jit` " +"选项进行配置和构建时，会添加一个即时（JIT）编译器以加快某些 Python 程序的运行速度。 在 Windows 上，可使用 " +"``PCbuild/build.bat --experimental-jit`` 启用 JIT 或使用 ``--experimental-jit-" +"interpreter`` 启用第 2 层级解释器。 构建要求和进一步的支持信息 `包含在`__ :file:`Tools/jit/README.md`" +" 中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:387 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--enable-experimental-jit` option takes these (optional) " +"values, defaulting to ``yes`` if :option:`!--enable-experimental-jit` is " +"present without the optional value." +msgstr "" +":option:`!--enable-experimental-jit` 选项接受这些（可选）值，如果不带可选值地预设 :option:`!--" +"enable-experimental-jit` 则默认为 ``yes``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:391 +msgid "``no``: Disable the entire Tier 2 and JIT pipeline." +msgstr "``no``: 禁用整个第 2 层级和 JIT 管线。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:392 +msgid "" +"``yes``: Enable the JIT. To disable the JIT at runtime, pass the environment" +" variable ``PYTHON_JIT=0``." +msgstr "``yes``: 启用 JIT。 要在运行时禁用 JIT，则传入环境变量 ``PYTHON_JIT=0``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:394 +msgid "" +"``yes-off``: Build the JIT but disable it by default. To enable the JIT at " +"runtime, pass the environment variable ``PYTHON_JIT=1``." +msgstr "``yes-off``: 构建 JIT 但默认禁用它。 要在运行时启用 JIT，则传入环境变量 ``PYTHON_JIT=1``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:396 +msgid "" +"``interpreter``: Enable the Tier 2 interpreter but disable the JIT. The " +"interpreter can be disabled by running with ``PYTHON_JIT=0``." +msgstr "" +"``interpreter``: 启用第 2 层级解释器但是禁用 JIT。 可以在运行时传入 ``PYTHON_JIT=0`` 来禁用该解释器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:399 +msgid "The internal architecture is roughly as follows:" +msgstr "其内部架构大致如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:401 +msgid "" +"We start with specialized *Tier 1 bytecode*. See :ref:`What's new in 3.11 " +"` for details." +msgstr "" +"我们将从特化的 *第 1 层级字节码* 开始。 请参阅 :ref:`3.11 有什么新变化 ` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:403 +msgid "" +"When the Tier 1 bytecode gets hot enough, it gets translated to a new purely" +" internal intermediate representation (IR), called the *Tier 2 IR*, and " +"sometimes referred to as micro-ops (\"uops\")." +msgstr "" +"当第 1 层级字节码达到足够热度，它将被翻译为新的纯内部的中间表示形式 (IR)，称为 *第 2 层级 IR*，有时也称为微操作码 " +"(\"uops\")。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:406 +msgid "" +"The Tier 2 IR uses the same stack-based virtual machine as Tier 1, but the " +"instruction format is better suited to translation to machine code." +msgstr "第 2 层级 IR 使用与第 1 层级相同的基于栈的虚拟机，但其指令格式更适合被翻译为机器码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:408 +msgid "" +"We have several optimization passes for Tier 2 IR, which are applied before " +"it is interpreted or translated to machine code." +msgstr "在第 2 层级 IR 被解释或翻译为机器码之前，我们会预先应用一些优化通路。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:410 +msgid "" +"There is a Tier 2 interpreter, but it is mostly intended for debugging the " +"earlier stages of the optimization pipeline. The Tier 2 interpreter can be " +"enabled by configuring Python with ``--enable-experimental-" +"jit=interpreter``." +msgstr "" +"虽然第 2 层级解释器存在，但它主要用于对优化管线的先前阶段进行调试。可通过为 Python 配置 ``--enable-experimental-" +"jit=interpreter`` 选项启用第 2 层级解释器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:414 +msgid "" +"When the JIT is enabled, the optimized Tier 2 IR is translated to machine " +"code, which is then executed." +msgstr "启用 JIT 时，经优化的第 2 层级 IR 将被翻译为机器码后再执行。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:416 +msgid "" +"The machine code translation process uses a technique called *copy-and-" +"patch*. It has no runtime dependencies, but there is a new build-time " +"dependency on LLVM." +msgstr "这个机器码翻译过程使用了名为 *拷贝并打补丁* 的技巧。 它没有运行时依赖，但增加了构建时对 LLVM 的依赖。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:420 +msgid ":pep:`744`" +msgstr ":pep:`744`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:422 +msgid "" +"(JIT by Brandt Bucher, inspired by a paper by Haoran Xu and Fredrik " +"Kjolstad. Tier 2 IR by Mark Shannon and Guido van Rossum. Tier 2 optimizer " +"by Ken Jin.)" +msgstr "" +"（JIT 来自 Brandt Bucher 且受到 Haoran Xu 和 Fredrik Kjolstad 论文的启发。第 2 层级 IR 来自 " +"Mark Shannon 和 Guido van Rossum。第 2 层级解释器来自 Ken Jin。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:430 +msgid "Defined mutation semantics for :py:func:`locals`" +msgstr "针对 :py:func:`locals` 的已定义修改语义" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:432 +msgid "" +"Historically, the expected result of mutating the return value of " +":func:`locals` has been left to individual Python implementations to define." +" Starting from Python 3.13, :pep:`667` standardises the historical behavior " +"of CPython for most code execution scopes, but changes :term:`optimized " +"scopes ` (functions, generators, coroutines, " +"comprehensions, and generator expressions) to explicitly return independent " +"snapshots of the currently assigned local variables, including locally " +"referenced nonlocal variables captured in closures." +msgstr "" +"在历史上，改变 :func:`locals` 的返回值的预期结果是留给具体的 Python 实现来定义的。 从 Python 3.13 " +"开始，:pep:`667` 标准化了 CPython 对于大多数代码执行作用域的历史行为，但也将 :term:`已优化作用域 ` (函数、生成器、协程、推导式和生成器表达式) 修改为显式地返回当前已赋值的局部变量的独立快照，包括局部引用的在闭包中捕获的非局部变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:441 +msgid "" +"This change to the semantics of :func:`locals` in optimized scopes also " +"affects the default behavior of code execution functions that implicitly " +"target :func:`!locals` if no explicit namespace is provided (such as " +":func:`exec` and :func:`eval`). In previous versions, whether or not changes" +" could be accessed by calling :func:`!locals` after calling the code " +"execution function was implementation-dependent. In CPython specifically, " +"such code would typically appear to work as desired, but could sometimes " +"fail in optimized scopes based on other code (including debuggers and code " +"execution tracing tools) potentially resetting the shared snapshot in that " +"scope. Now, the code will always run against an independent snapshot of the " +"local variables in optimized scopes, and hence the changes will never be " +"visible in subsequent calls to :func:`!locals`. To access the changes made " +"in these cases, an explicit namespace reference must now be passed to the " +"relevant function. Alternatively, it may make sense to update affected code " +"to use a higher level code execution API that returns the resulting code " +"execution namespace (e.g. :func:`runpy.run_path` when executing Python files" +" from disk)." +msgstr "" +"在已优化作用域中对 :func:`locals` 语义的这项修改也会影响隐式地以 :func:`!locals` " +"为目标的代码执行函数的默认行为，如果没有提供显式命名空间的话（例如 :func:`exec` 和 :func:`eval` 等）。 " +"在之前的版本中，在调用代码执行函数后是否可以通过调用 :func:`!locals` 访问更改情况取决于具体的实现。 具体到 CPython " +"而言，此类代码通常会按预期工作，但有时可能会在基于其他代码（包括调试器和代码执行跟踪工具）的已优化作用域中失败，因为代码有可能重置该作用域中的共享快照。" +" 现在，代码在已优化作用域中将始终针对局部变量的独立快照运行，因为在后续调用 :func:`!locals` 时将永远看不到更改。 " +"要访问在这些情况下所做的更改，现在必须将一个显式命名空间引用传递给相关的函数。 或者，也可以更新受影响的代码以使用更高层级的代码执行 API " +"返回结果代码命名空间（例如，当执行磁盘上的 Python 文件时使用 :func:`runpy.run_path` 函数）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:460 +msgid "" +"To ensure debuggers and similar tools can reliably update local variables in" +" scopes affected by this change, :attr:`FrameType.f_locals `" +" now returns a write-through proxy to the frame's local and locally " +"referenced nonlocal variables in these scopes, rather than returning an " +"inconsistently updated shared ``dict`` instance with undefined runtime " +"semantics." +msgstr "" +"为确保调试器和类似工具能可靠地更新受到此变化影响的作用域中的局部变量，现在 :attr:`FrameType.f_locals " +"` " +"将返回一个针对此种作用域中的帧的局部变量和在局部引用的非局部变量的直通写入代理对象，而不是返回一个非持续更新的具有规定义的运行时语义的共享 " +"``dict`` 实例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:466 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`667` for more details, including related C API changes and " +"deprecations. Porting notes are also provided below for the affected " +":ref:`Python APIs ` and :ref:`C APIs " +"`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :pep:`667` 了解详情，包括相关的 C API 更改和弃用。 下文还针对受影响的 :ref:`Python API " +"` 和 :ref:`C API ` 提供了移植说明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:471 +msgid "" +"(PEP and implementation contributed by Mark Shannon and Tian Gao in " +":gh:`74929`. Documentation updates provided by Guido van Rossum and Alyssa " +"Coghlan.)" +msgstr "" +"（PEP 和实现由 Mark Shannon 和 Tian Gao 在 :gh:`74929` 中贡献。 文档更新由 Guido van Rossum " +"和 Alyssa Coghlan 提供。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:479 +msgid "Support for mobile platforms" +msgstr "对移动平台的支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:481 +msgid "" +":pep:`730`: iOS is now a :pep:`11` supported platform, with the " +"``arm64-apple-ios`` and ``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` targets at tier 3 " +"(iPhone and iPad devices released after 2013 and the Xcode iOS simulator " +"running on Apple silicon hardware, respectively). ``x86_64-apple-ios-" +"simulator`` (the Xcode iOS simulator running on older ``x86_64`` hardware) " +"is not a tier 3 supported platform, but will have best-effort support. (PEP " +"written and implementation contributed by Russell Keith-Magee in " +":gh:`114099`.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`730`: iOS 现在是 :pep:`11` 所支持的平台，包括第 3 层级的 ``arm64-apple-ios`` 和 " +"``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` 等目标（分别为2013 年后的 iPhone 和 iPad 设备以及运行于 Apple " +"silicon 硬件的 Xcode iOS 模拟器）。 ``x86_64-apple-ios-simulator`` （运行于较旧的 " +"``x86_64`` 硬件的 Xcode iOS 模拟器）不是第 3 层级的受支持平台，但也将尽可能地支持。 （PEP 撰写及实现由 Russell " +"Keith-Magee 在 :gh:`114099` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:491 +msgid "" +":pep:`738`: Android is now a :pep:`11` supported platform, with the " +"``aarch64-linux-android`` and ``x86_64-linux-android`` targets at tier 3. " +"The 32-bit targets ``arm-linux-androideabi`` and ``i686-linux-android`` are " +"not tier 3 supported platforms, but will have best-effort support. (PEP " +"written and implementation contributed by Malcolm Smith in :gh:`116622`.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`738`: Android 现在是 :pep:`11` 所支持的平台，包括位于第 3 层级的 ``aarch64-linux-" +"android`` 和 ``x86_64-linux-android`` 等目标。 32 位的目标 ``arm-linux-androideabi`` " +"和 ``i686-linux-android`` 不是第 3 层级的受支持平台，但也将尽可能地支持。 （PEP 撰写及实现由 Malcolm Smith" +" 在 :gh:`116622` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:498 +msgid ":pep:`730`, :pep:`738`" +msgstr ":pep:`730`, :pep:`738`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:502 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:504 +msgid "" +"The compiler now strips common leading whitespace from every line in a " +"docstring. This reduces the size of the :term:`bytecode cache ` " +"(such as ``.pyc`` files), with reductions in file size of around 5%, for " +"example in :mod:`!sqlalchemy.orm.session` from SQLAlchemy 2.0. This change " +"affects tools that use docstrings, such as :mod:`doctest`." +msgstr "" +"编译器现在将从文档字符串的每一行去除共有的前导空格。 这会减少 :term:`字节码缓存 ` 的大小（例如 ``.pyc`` " +"文件），例如在 SQLAlchemy 2.0 的 :mod:`!sqlalchemy.orm.session` 中文件大小将减少约 5%。 " +"这项改变将影响各种使用了文档字符串的工具，如 :mod:`doctest`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:511 +msgid "" +">>> def spam():\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... This is a docstring with\n" +"... leading whitespace.\n" +"...\n" +"... It even has multiple paragraphs!\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> spam.__doc__\n" +"'\\nThis is a docstring with\\n leading whitespace.\\n\\nIt even has multiple paragraphs!\\n'" +msgstr "" +">>> def spam():\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"... This is a docstring with\n" +"... leading whitespace.\n" +"...\n" +"... It even has multiple paragraphs!\n" +"... \"\"\"\n" +"...\n" +">>> spam.__doc__\n" +"'\\nThis is a docstring with\\n leading whitespace.\\n\\nIt even has multiple paragraphs!\\n'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:524 +msgid "(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`81283`.)" +msgstr "（由 Inada Naoki 在 :gh:`81283` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:526 +msgid "" +":ref:`Annotation scopes ` within class scopes can now " +"contain lambdas and comprehensions. Comprehensions that are located within " +"class scopes are not inlined into their parent scope." +msgstr "" +"类作用域内的 :ref:`标注作用域 ` 现在可以包含 lambda 和推导式。 " +"位于类作用域内的推导式不会内联到其父作用域中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:531 +msgid "" +"class C[T]:\n" +" type Alias = lambda: T" +msgstr "" +"class C[T]:\n" +" type Alias = lambda: T" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:536 +msgid "(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`109118` and :gh:`118160`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`109118` 和 :gh:`118160` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:538 +msgid "" +":ref:`Future statements ` are no longer triggered by relative " +"imports of the :mod:`__future__` module, meaning that statements of the form" +" ``from .__future__ import ...`` are now simply standard relative imports, " +"with no special features activated. (Contributed by Jeremiah Gabriel Pascual" +" in :gh:`118216`.)" +msgstr "" +":ref:`future 语句 ` 不再会被 :mod:`__future__` 模块的相对导入触发，意味着 ``from " +".__future__ import ...`` 形式的语句现在只是标准的相对导入，而不会激活任何特殊特性。 （由 Jeremiah Gabriel " +"Pascual 在 :gh:`118216` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:544 +msgid "" +":keyword:`global` declarations are now permitted in :keyword:`except` blocks" +" when that global is used in the :keyword:`else` block. Previously this " +"raised an erroneous :exc:`SyntaxError`. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in " +":gh:`111123`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :keyword:`global` 声明当其被用于 :keyword:`else` 代码块中时也将被允许在 :keyword:`except` " +"代码块中使用。 在之前版本中这会错误地引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`111123` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:549 +msgid "" +"Add :envvar:`PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES`, a new environment variable that " +"determines whether frozen modules are ignored by the import machinery, " +"equivalent to the :option:`-X frozen_modules <-X>` command-line option. " +"(Contributed by Yilei Yang in :gh:`111374`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了新的环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES`，它确定冻结模块是否会被导入机制所忽略，等价于 :option:`-X" +" frozen_modules <-X>` 命令行选项。 （由 Yilei Yang 在 :gh:`111374` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Add :ref:`support for the perf profiler ` working without " +"`frame pointers `_ through the new" +" environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` and command-line " +"option :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>`. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in " +":gh:`118518`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过新的环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT` 和命令行选项 :option:`-X perf_jit <-X>`" +" 添加无需 `帧指针 `_ 即可工作的 :ref:`对 perf " +"性能分析器的支持 `。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :gh:`118518` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:560 +msgid "" +"The location of a :file:`.python_history` file can be changed via the new " +":envvar:`PYTHON_HISTORY` environment variable. (Contributed by Levi Sabah, " +"Zackery Spytz and Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`73965`.)" +msgstr "" +"可通过新的 :envvar:`PYTHON_HISTORY` 环境变量来更改 :file:`.python_history` 文件的位置。 （由 " +"Levi Sabah, Zackery Spytz 和 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`73965` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:565 +msgid "" +"Classes have a new :attr:`~type.__static_attributes__` attribute. This is " +"populated by the compiler with a tuple of the class's attribute names which " +"are assigned through ``self.`` from any function in its body. " +"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`115775`.)" +msgstr "" +"类新增了一个 :attr:`~type.__static_attributes__` 属性。 " +"这由编译器以类属性名称的元组来填充，这些名称是从类体中的任何函数通过 ``self.`` 来赋值的。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":gh:`115775` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:570 +msgid "" +"The compiler now creates a :attr:`!__firstlineno__` attribute on classes " +"with the line number of the first line of the class definition. (Contributed" +" by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118465`.)" +msgstr "" +"编译器现在会在类上创建一个 :attr:`!__firstlineno__` 属性，其值为类定义第一行的行号。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka " +"在 :gh:`118465` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:574 +msgid "" +"The :func:`exec` and :func:`eval` builtins now accept the *globals* and " +"*locals* arguments as keywords. (Contributed by Raphael Gaschignard in " +":gh:`105879`)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`exec` 和 :func:`eval` 内置函数接受以关键字形式传入的 *globals* 和 *locals* 参数。 （由 " +"Raphael Gaschignard 在 :gh:`105879` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:578 +msgid "" +"The :func:`compile` builtin now accepts a new flag, " +"``ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST``, which is similar to ``ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST`` except" +" that the returned AST is optimized according to the value of the *optimize*" +" argument. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`108113`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`compile` 内置函数接受一个新的旗标 ``ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST``，它类似于 " +"``ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST`` 但区别在于返回的 AST 是根据 *optimize* 参数的值进行优化的。 （由 Irit Katriel" +" 在 :gh:`108113` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:584 +msgid "" +"Add a :attr:`~property.__name__` attribute on :class:`property` objects. " +"(Contributed by Eugene Toder in :gh:`101860`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`property` 对象上增加了 :attr:`~property.__name__` 属性。 （由 Eugene Toder 在 " +":gh:`101860` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:587 +msgid "" +"Add :exc:`PythonFinalizationError`, a new exception derived from " +":exc:`RuntimeError` and used to signal when operations are blocked during " +":term:`finalization `. The following callables now " +"raise :exc:`!PythonFinalizationError`, instead of :exc:`RuntimeError`:" +msgstr "" +"增加了新的异常 :exc:`PythonFinalizationError`，它派生自 :exc:`RuntimeError`，用于当操作在 " +":term:`最终化 ` 期间被阻塞时发出信号。 下列可调用对象现在将引发 " +":exc:`!PythonFinalizationError`，而不是 :exc:`RuntimeError`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:593 +msgid ":func:`_thread.start_new_thread`" +msgstr ":func:`_thread.start_new_thread`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:594 +msgid ":func:`os.fork`" +msgstr ":func:`os.fork`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:595 +msgid ":func:`os.forkpty`" +msgstr ":func:`os.forkpty`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:596 +msgid ":class:`subprocess.Popen`" +msgstr ":class:`subprocess.Popen`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:598 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`114570`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`114570` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:600 +msgid "" +"Allow the *count* argument of :meth:`str.replace` to be a keyword. " +"(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`106487`.)" +msgstr "" +"允许 :meth:`str.replace` 的 *count* 参数为关键字参数。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 " +":gh:`106487` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:603 +msgid "" +"Many functions now emit a warning if a boolean value is passed as a file " +"descriptor argument. This can help catch some errors earlier. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`82626`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在许多函数会对将布尔值作为文件描述符参数发出警告。这可以帮助尽早发现一些错误。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`82626` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:608 +msgid "" +"Added :attr:`!name` and :attr:`!mode` attributes for compressed and archived" +" file-like objects in the :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, :mod:`tarfile`, and " +":mod:`zipfile` modules. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`115961`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, :mod:`tarfile` 和 :mod:`zipfile` " +"等模块中的已压缩和已归档文件型对象添加了 :attr:`!name` 和 :attr:`!mode` 属性。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在" +" :gh:`115961` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:615 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:617 +msgid "" +":mod:`dbm.sqlite3`: An SQLite backend for :mod:`dbm`. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger and Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`100414`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`dbm.sqlite3`: 针对 :mod:`dbm` 的 SQLite 后端。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 和 Erlend" +" E. Aasland 在 :gh:`100414` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:622 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:626 +msgid "argparse" +msgstr "argparse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:628 +msgid "" +"Add the *deprecated* parameter to the " +":meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument` and :meth:`!add_parser` " +"methods, to enable deprecating command-line options, positional arguments, " +"and subcommands. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`83648`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :meth:`~argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument` 和 :meth:`!add_parser` 方法添加了 " +"*deprecated* 形参，以允许弃用命令行选项、位置参数和子命令。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`83648` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:636 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:638 +msgid "" +"Add the ``'w'`` type code (``Py_UCS4``) for Unicode characters. It should be" +" used instead of the deprecated ``'u'`` type code. (Contributed by Inada " +"Naoki in :gh:`80480`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``'w'`` 类型码 (``Py_UCS4``) 表示 Unicode 字符。 它应被用来代替已弃用的 ``'u'`` 类型码。 （由 " +"Inada Naoki 在 :gh:`80480` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:642 +msgid "" +"Register :class:`array.array` as a :class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence`" +" by implementing the :meth:`~array.array.clear` method. (Contributed by Mike" +" Zimin in :gh:`114894`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过实现 :meth:`~array.array.clear` 方法将 :class:`array.array` 注册为 " +":class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence`。 （由 Mike Zimin 在 :gh:`114894` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:648 +msgid "ast" +msgstr "ast" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:650 +msgid "" +"The constructors of node types in the :mod:`ast` module are now stricter in " +"the arguments they accept, with more intuitive behavior when arguments are " +"omitted." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`ast` 模块中节点类型的构造器对其接受的参数要求更为严格，并在参数被省略时有更易理解的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:654 +msgid "" +"If an optional field on an AST node is not included as an argument when " +"constructing an instance, the field will now be set to ``None``. Similarly, " +"if a list field is omitted, that field will now be set to an empty list, and" +" if an :class:`!expr_context` field is omitted, it defaults to " +":class:`Load() `. (Previously, in all cases, the attribute would " +"be missing on the newly constructed AST node instance.)" +msgstr "" +"如果在构造实例时某个 AST 节点上的可选字段没有被作为参数包括在内，则该字段现在将被设为 ``None``。 " +"类似地，如果某个列表字段被省略，则该字段现在将被设为空列表，而如果某个 :class:`!expr_context` 字段被省略，则它将默认为 " +":class:`Load() `。 （之前，在所有情况下，新构造的 AST 节点实例上的相应属性都将缺失。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:662 +msgid "" +"In all other cases, where a required argument is omitted, the node " +"constructor will emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. This will raise an " +"exception in Python 3.15. Similarly, passing a keyword argument to the " +"constructor that does not map to a field on the AST node is now deprecated, " +"and will raise an exception in Python 3.15." +msgstr "" +"在所有其他情况下，当需要的参数被省略时，节点构造器将发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 这在 Python 3.15 " +"中将会引发异常。 类似地，将关键字参数传入一个未映射到 AST 节点上的字段的构造器的做法现在已被弃用，并且在 Python 3.15 中将会引发异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:669 +msgid "" +"These changes do not apply to user-defined subclasses of :class:`ast.AST` " +"unless the class opts in to the new behavior by defining the " +":attr:`.AST._field_types` mapping." +msgstr "" +"这些更改将不会应用于用户自定义的 :class:`ast.AST` 子类，除非该类选择通过设置 :attr:`.AST._field_types` " +"映射的方式加入新的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:673 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`105858`, :gh:`117486`, and " +":gh:`118851`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`105858`, :gh:`117486` 和 :gh:`118851` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:675 +msgid "" +":func:`ast.parse` now accepts an optional argument *optimize* which is " +"passed on to :func:`compile`. This makes it possible to obtain an optimized " +"AST. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`108113`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`ast.parse` 接受一个可选参数 *optimize*，它会被传递给 :func:`compile`。 这使得获取已优化的 " +"AST 成为可能。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`108113` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:682 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:684 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.as_completed` now returns an object that is both an " +":term:`asynchronous iterator` and a plain :term:`iterator` of " +":term:`awaitables `. The awaitables yielded by asynchronous " +"iteration include original task or future objects that were passed in, " +"making it easier to associate results with the tasks being completed. " +"(Contributed by Justin Arthur in :gh:`77714`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`asyncio.as_completed` 将返回一个即是 :term:`asynchronous iterator` " +"又是基本的产生 :term:`可等待对象 ` 的 :term:`iterator` 的对象。 " +"由异常迭代产生的可等待对象包括被传入的原始 Task 或 Future 对象，使得将结果与正在完成的任务相关联更为容易。 （由 Justin " +"Arthur 在 :gh:`77714` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:692 +msgid "" +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_unix_server` will now automatically remove the " +"Unix socket when the server is closed. (Contributed by Pierre Ossman in " +":gh:`111246`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当服务器被关闭时 :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_unix_server` 会自动移除 Unix 套接字。 （由 Pierre" +" Ossman 在 :gh:`111246` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:696 +msgid "" +":meth:`.DatagramTransport.sendto` will now send zero-length datagrams if " +"called with an empty bytes object. The transport flow control also now " +"accounts for the datagram header when calculating the buffer size. " +"(Contributed by Jamie Phan in :gh:`115199`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当附带一个空字节串对象调用时 :meth:`.DatagramTransport.sendto` 将发送零长度的数据报。 " +"现在当计算缓冲区大小时传输控制流还会将数据报标头纳入考量。 （由 Jamie Phan 在 :gh:`115199` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:702 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`Queue.shutdown ` and " +":exc:`~asyncio.QueueShutDown` to manage queue termination. (Contributed by " +"Laurie Opperman and Yves Duprat in :gh:`104228`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`Queue.shutdown ` 和 " +":exc:`~asyncio.QueueShutDown` 用于管理队列终结。 （由 Laurie Opperman 和 Yves Duprat 在 " +":gh:`104228` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:706 +msgid "" +"Add the :meth:`.Server.close_clients` and :meth:`.Server.abort_clients` " +"methods, which more forcefully close an asyncio server. (Contributed by " +"Pierre Ossman in :gh:`113538`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`.Server.close_clients` 和 :meth:`.Server.abort_clients` " +"方法，它们会以更强制的方式关闭 asyncio 服务器。 （由 Pierre Ossman 在 :gh:`113538` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:710 +msgid "" +"Accept a tuple of separators in :meth:`.StreamReader.readuntil`, stopping " +"when any one of them is encountered. (Contributed by Bruce Merry in " +":gh:`81322`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`.StreamReader.readuntil` 中接受一个由分隔符组成的元组，当遇到其中之一时就会停止。 （由 Bruce " +"Merry 在 :gh:`81322` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Improve the behavior of :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup` when an external " +"cancellation collides with an internal cancellation. For example, when two " +"task groups are nested and both experience an exception in a child task " +"simultaneously, it was possible that the outer task group would hang, " +"because its internal cancellation was swallowed by the inner task group." +msgstr "" +"改进了 :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup` 在外部的取消操作与内部的取消操作发生冲突时的行为。 " +"例如，当嵌套两个任务分组并且两者同时在某个子任务中遇到异常时，外层的任务分组有可能被挂起，因为其内部的取消操作已由内层的任务分组进行处理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:721 +msgid "" +"In the case where a task group is cancelled externally and also must raise " +"an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`, it will now call the parent task's " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` method. This ensures that a " +":exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` will be raised at the next :keyword:`await`, " +"so the cancellation is not lost." +msgstr "" +"对于任务分组在外部被取消时同时必须引发 :exc:`ExceptionGroup` 的情况，现在它将调用父任务的 " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` 方法。 这样可以确保 :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` 会在下一次" +" :keyword:`await` 时被引发，因此取消操作不会丢失。, so the cancellation is not lost." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:727 +msgid "" +"An added benefit of these changes is that task groups now preserve the " +"cancellation count (:meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancelling`)." +msgstr "这些更改的一个附加好处是现在任务组会保留取消操作计数 (:meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancelling`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:730 +msgid "" +"In order to handle some corner cases, :meth:`~asyncio.Task.uncancel` may now" +" reset the undocumented ``_must_cancel`` flag when the cancellation count " +"reaches zero." +msgstr "" +"为了处理某些边界情况，现在 :meth:`~asyncio.Task.uncancel` 可以在取消操作计数达到零时重置未写入文档的 " +"``_must_cancel`` 旗标。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:734 +msgid "(Inspired by an issue reported by Arthur Tacca in :gh:`116720`.)" +msgstr "（受到由 Arthur Tacca 在 :gh:`116720` 中报告的问题的启发。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:736 +msgid "" +"When :meth:`.TaskGroup.create_task` is called on an inactive " +":class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup`, the given coroutine will be closed (which " +"prevents a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` about the given coroutine being never " +"awaited). (Contributed by Arthur Tacca and Jason Zhang in :gh:`115957`.)" +msgstr "" +"当在一个未激活的 :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup` 上调用 :meth:`.TaskGroup.create_task` " +"时，给定的协程将被关闭 (这将防止引发有关给定的协程从未被等待的 :exc:`RuntimeWarning`)。 （由 Arthur Tacca 和 " +"Jason Zhang 在 :gh:`115957` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:744 +msgid "base64" +msgstr "base64" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:746 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~base64.z85encode` and :func:`~base64.z85decode` functions for " +"encoding :class:`bytes` as `Z85 data`_ and decoding Z85-encoded data to " +":class:`!bytes`. (Contributed by Matan Perelman in :gh:`75299`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~base64.z85encode` 和 :func:`~base64.z85decode` 函数用于将 " +":class:`bytes` 编码为 `Z85 data`_ 和将 Z85 编码的数据解码为 :class:`!bytes`。 （由 Matan " +"Perelman 在 :gh:`75299` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:755 +msgid "compileall" +msgstr "compileall" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:757 ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:765 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"The default number of worker threads and processes is now selected using " +":func:`os.process_cpu_count` instead of :func:`os.cpu_count`. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :gh:`109649`.)" +msgstr "" +"工作线程和进程的默认数据现在是使用 :func:`os.process_cpu_count` 而不是 :func:`os.cpu_count` " +"来选择的。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`109649` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:763 +msgid "concurrent.futures" +msgstr "concurrent.futures" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:771 ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1673 +msgid "configparser" +msgstr "configparser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:773 +msgid "" +":class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` now has support for unnamed sections, " +"which allows for top-level key-value pairs. This can be enabled with the new" +" *allow_unnamed_section* parameter. (Contributed by Pedro Sousa Lacerda in " +":gh:`66449`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` 具有对未命名节的支持，这将允许使用最高层级的键值对。 此特性可通过新增的 " +"*allow_unnamed_section* 形参来启用。 （由 Pedro Sousa Lacerda 在 :gh:`66449` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:780 +msgid "copy" +msgstr "copy" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:782 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~copy.replace` function and the :meth:`replace protocol " +"` make creating modified copies of objects much simpler." +" This is especially useful when working with immutable objects. The " +"following types support the :func:`~copy.replace` function and implement the" +" replace protocol:" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~copy.replace` 函数和 :meth:`replace 协议 ` " +"使得创建经修改的对象副本更为简单。 这在操作不可变对象时特别有用。 以下类型将支持 :func:`~copy.replace` 函数并实现了 " +"replace 协议：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:788 +msgid ":func:`collections.namedtuple`" +msgstr ":func:`collections.namedtuple`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:789 +msgid ":class:`dataclasses.dataclass`" +msgstr ":class:`dataclasses.dataclass`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:790 +msgid "" +":class:`datetime.datetime`, :class:`datetime.date`, :class:`datetime.time`" +msgstr "" +":class:`datetime.datetime`, :class:`datetime.date`, :class:`datetime.time`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:791 +msgid ":class:`inspect.Signature`, :class:`inspect.Parameter`" +msgstr ":class:`inspect.Signature`, :class:`inspect.Parameter`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:792 +msgid ":class:`types.SimpleNamespace`" +msgstr ":class:`types.SimpleNamespace`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:793 +msgid ":ref:`code objects `" +msgstr ":ref:`代码对象 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:795 +msgid "" +"Any user-defined class can also support :func:`copy.replace` by defining the" +" :meth:`~object.__replace__` method. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`108751`.)" +msgstr "" +"任何用户自定义类也可以通过定义 :meth:`~object.__replace__` 方法来支持 :func:`copy.replace`。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`108751` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:801 +msgid "ctypes" +msgstr "ctypes" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:803 +msgid "" +"As a consequence of necessary internal refactoring, initialization of " +"internal metaclasses now happens in ``__init__`` rather than in ``__new__``." +" This affects projects that subclass these internal metaclasses to provide " +"custom initialization. Generally:" +msgstr "" +"作为必要的内部重构的一个后果，内部元类的初始化现在将发生于 ``__init__`` 中而不是 ``__new__`` 中。 " +"这会影响子类化这些内部元类以提供自定义初始化的项目。 一般而言：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:809 +msgid "" +"Custom logic that was done in ``__new__`` after calling ``super().__new__`` " +"should be moved to ``__init__``." +msgstr "调用 ``super().__new__`` 之后在 ``__new__`` 中完成的自定义逻辑应当移至 ``__init__``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:811 +msgid "" +"To create a class, call the metaclass, not only the metaclass's ``__new__`` " +"method." +msgstr "要创建一个类，需调用相应的元类，而不仅是该元类的 ``__new__`` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:814 +msgid "" +"See :gh:`124520` for discussion and links to changes in some affected " +"projects." +msgstr "请参阅 :gh:`124520` 了解相关讨论和对某些受影响项目的修改的链接。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:817 +msgid "" +":class:`ctypes.Structure` objects have a new " +":attr:`~ctypes.Structure._align_` attribute which allows the alignment of " +"the structure being packed to/from memory to be specified explicitly. " +"(Contributed by Matt Sanderson in :gh:`112433`)" +msgstr "" +":class:`ctypes.Structure` 对象新增了一个 :attr:`~ctypes.Structure._align_` " +"属性以允许显式地指定发往内存的结构体对齐方式。 （由 Matt Sanderson 在 :gh:`112433` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:823 +msgid "dbm" +msgstr "dbm" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:825 +msgid "" +"Add :mod:`dbm.sqlite3`, a new module which implements an SQLite backend, and" +" make it the default :mod:`!dbm` backend. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger " +"and Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`100414`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :mod:`dbm.sqlite3`，一个实现了 SQLite 后端的新模块，并将其设为默认的 :mod:`!dbm` 后端。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 和 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`100414` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:829 +msgid "" +"Allow removing all items from the database through the new " +":meth:`.gdbm.clear` and :meth:`.ndbm.clear` methods. (Contributed by Donghee" +" Na in :gh:`107122`.)" +msgstr "" +"允许通过新增的 :meth:`.gdbm.clear` 和 :meth:`.ndbm.clear` 方法移除数据库中的所有条目。 （由 Donghee " +"Na 在 :gh:`107122` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:835 +msgid "dis" +msgstr "dis" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:837 +msgid "" +"Change the output of :mod:`dis` module functions to show logical labels for " +"jump targets and exception handlers, rather than offsets. The offsets can be" +" added with the new :option:`-O ` command-line option or" +" the *show_offsets* argument. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112137`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 :mod:`dis` 模块的函数的输出修改为显示跳转目标和异常处理器的逻辑标签，而不是偏移量。 可以使用新的 :option:`-O ` 命令行选项或 *show_offsets* 参数来添加偏移量。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":gh:`112137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:844 +msgid "" +":meth:`~dis.get_instructions` no longer represents cache entries as separate" +" instructions. Instead, it returns them as part of the " +":class:`~dis.Instruction`, in the new *cache_info* field. The *show_caches* " +"argument to :meth:`~dis.get_instructions` is deprecated and no longer has " +"any effect. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112962`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~dis.get_instructions` 不再将缓存条目表示为单独的指令。 作为替代，它会将它们作为 " +":class:`~dis.Instruction` 的组成部分返回，放在新的 *cache_info* 字段中。 传给 " +":meth:`~dis.get_instructions` 的 *show_caches* 参数已被弃用并且不再有任何效果。 （由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :gh:`112962` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:856 +msgid "doctest" +msgstr "doctest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:858 +msgid "" +":mod:`doctest` output is now colored by default. This can be controlled via " +"the new :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` environment variable as well as the " +"canonical |NO_COLOR|_ and |FORCE_COLOR|_ environment variables. See also " +":ref:`using-on-controlling-color`. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":gh:`117225`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`doctest` 输出默认是彩色的。 此特性可通过新增的 :envvar:`PYTHON_COLORS` 环境变量和传统的 " +"|NO_COLOR|_ 和 |FORCE_COLOR|_ 环境变量来控制。 另请参阅 :ref:`using-on-controlling-" +"color`。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`117225` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:865 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`.DocTestRunner.run` method now counts the number of skipped " +"tests. Add the :attr:`.DocTestRunner.skips` and :attr:`.TestResults.skipped`" +" attributes. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108794`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`.DocTestRunner.run` 方法会统计已跳过测试的数量。 增加了 " +":attr:`.DocTestRunner.skips` 和 :attr:`.TestResults.skipped` 属性。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`108794` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:871 +msgid "email" +msgstr "email" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:873 +msgid "" +"Headers with embedded newlines are now quoted on output. The " +":mod:`~email.generator` will now refuse to serialize (write) headers that " +"are improperly folded or delimited, such that they would be parsed as " +"multiple headers or joined with adjacent data. If you need to turn this " +"safety feature off, set " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.verify_generated_headers`. (Contributed by Bas " +"Bloemsaat and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`121650`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在带有嵌入的换行符的标头在输出时会加上引号。 现在 :mod:`~email.generator` " +"会拒绝序列化（写入）不正确地折叠或分隔的标头，例如将被解析为多个标头或与相邻数据合并的标头等。 如果你需要禁用此安全特性，请设置 " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.verify_generated_headers`。 （由 Bas Bloemsaat 和 " +"Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`121650` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:881 +msgid "" +":func:`~email.utils.getaddresses` and :func:`~email.utils.parseaddr` now " +"return ``('', '')`` pairs in more situations where invalid email addresses " +"are encountered instead of potentially inaccurate values. The two functions " +"have a new optional *strict* parameter (default ``True``). To get the old " +"behavior (accepting malformed input), use ``strict=False``. " +"``getattr(email.utils, 'supports_strict_parsing', False)`` can be used to " +"check if the *strict* parameter is available. (Contributed by Thomas Dwyer " +"and Victor Stinner for :gh:`102988` to improve the :cve:`2023-27043` fix.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~email.utils.getaddresses` 和 :func:`~email.utils.parseaddr` " +"会在更多遇到无效 email 地址的情况下返回 ``('', '')`` 对非可能不准确的值。 这两个函数新增了可选的 *strict* 形参 (默认为" +" ``True``)。 要获取旧版本的行为 (接受错误格式的输入)，请使用 ``strict=False``。 " +"``getattr(email.utils, 'supports_strict_parsing', False)`` 可被用于检查 *strict* " +"形参是否可用。 （由 Thomas Dwyer 和 Victor Stinner 针对 :gh:`102988` 贡献以改进 " +":cve:`2023-27043` 修正。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:893 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:895 +msgid "" +":class:`~enum.EnumDict` has been made public to better support subclassing " +":class:`~enum.EnumType`." +msgstr ":class:`~enum.EnumDict` 被改为公有以更好的支持子类化 :class:`~enum.EnumType`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:900 +msgid "fractions" +msgstr "fractions" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:902 +msgid "" +":class:`~fractions.Fraction` objects now support the standard :ref:`format " +"specification mini-language ` rules for fill, alignment, sign " +"handling, minimum width, and grouping. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in " +":gh:`111320`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~fractions.Fraction` 对象支持用于填充、对齐、正负号处理、最小宽度和分组的标准 :ref:`格式说明迷你语言 " +"` 规则。 （由 Mark Dickinson 在 :gh:`111320` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:909 +msgid "glob" +msgstr "glob" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:911 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~glob.translate`, a function to convert a path specification with" +" shell-style wildcards to a regular expression. (Contributed by Barney Gale " +"in :gh:`72904`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~glob.translate`，这是个用来将具有 shell 风格通配符的路径说明转换为正则表达式的函数。 （由 Barney " +"Gale 在 :gh:`72904` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:917 +msgid "importlib" +msgstr "importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:919 +msgid "" +"The following functions in :mod:`importlib.resources` now allow accessing a " +"directory (or tree) of resources, using multiple positional arguments (the " +"*encoding* and *errors* arguments in the text-reading functions are now " +"keyword-only):" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`importlib.resources` 中的下列函数允许访问资源目录（或树），并使用多个位置参数（现在文本读取函数中的 " +"*encoding* 和 *errors* 参数是仅限关键字参数）：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:924 +msgid ":func:`~importlib.resources.is_resource`" +msgstr ":func:`~importlib.resources.is_resource`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:925 +msgid ":func:`~importlib.resources.open_binary`" +msgstr ":func:`~importlib.resources.open_binary`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:926 +msgid ":func:`~importlib.resources.open_text`" +msgstr ":func:`~importlib.resources.open_text`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:927 +msgid ":func:`~importlib.resources.path`" +msgstr ":func:`~importlib.resources.path`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:928 +msgid ":func:`~importlib.resources.read_binary`" +msgstr ":func:`~importlib.resources.read_binary`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:929 +msgid ":func:`~importlib.resources.read_text`" +msgstr ":func:`~importlib.resources.read_text`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:931 +msgid "" +"These functions are no longer deprecated and are not scheduled for removal. " +"(Contributed by Petr Viktorin in :gh:`116608`.)" +msgstr "这些函数将不再被弃用也不会被加入移除计划。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`116608` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:934 +msgid "" +":func:`~importlib.resources.contents` remains deprecated in favor of the " +"fully-featured :class:`~importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` API. However, " +"there is now no plan to remove it. (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in " +":gh:`116608`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~importlib.resources.contents` 仍然被弃用而应改用功能完整的 " +":class:`~importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` API。 不过，目前还没有移除它的计划。 （由 Petr " +"Viktorin 在 :gh:`116608` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:941 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:943 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~io.IOBase` finalizer now logs any errors raised by the " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.close` method with :data:`sys.unraisablehook`. Previously," +" errors were ignored silently by default, and only logged in :ref:`Python " +"Development Mode ` or when using a :ref:`Python debug build `. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`62948`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~io.IOBase` 最终化器会使用 :data:`sys.unraisablehook` 来将由 " +":meth:`~io.IOBase.close` 方法引发的错误写入日志。 在之前版本中，错误在默认情况下会被静默地忽略，而只有在 " +":ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 或在使用 :ref:`Python 调试构建版 ` " +"时才会被写入日志。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`62948` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:952 +msgid "ipaddress" +msgstr "ipaddress" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:954 +msgid "" +"Add the :attr:`.IPv4Address.ipv6_mapped` property, which returns the " +"IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. (Contributed by Charles Machalow in :gh:`109466`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :attr:`.IPv4Address.ipv6_mapped` 特征属性，它将返回映射 IPv4 的 IPv6 地址。 （由 Charles " +"Machalow 在 :gh:`109466` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:958 +msgid "" +"Fix ``is_global`` and ``is_private`` behavior in " +":class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address`, :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Address`, " +":class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network`, and :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network`. " +"(Contributed by Jakub Stasiak in :gh:`113171`.)" +msgstr "" +"修正了 :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address`, :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Address`, " +":class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` 和 :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network` 中 " +"``is_global`` 和 ``is_private`` 的行为。 （由 Jakub Stasiak 在 :gh:`113171` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:965 +msgid "itertools" +msgstr "itertools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:967 +msgid "" +":func:`~itertools.batched` has a new *strict* parameter, which raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` if the final batch is shorter than the specified batch " +"size. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`113202`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~itertools.batched` 新增了 *strict* 形参，它会在最后一批次数据小于指定批准大小时引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`113202` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:974 +msgid "marshal" +msgstr "marshal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:976 +msgid "" +"Add the *allow_code* parameter in module functions. Passing " +"``allow_code=False`` prevents serialization and de-serialization of code " +"objects which are incompatible between Python versions. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`113626`.)" +msgstr "" +"在模块函数中增加了 *allow_code* 形参。 传入 ``allow_code=False`` 将防止在 Python " +"各版本间不兼容的代码对象的序列化和反序列化。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`113626` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:983 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:985 +msgid "" +"The new function :func:`~math.fma` performs fused multiply-add operations. " +"This computes ``x * y + z`` with only a single round, and so avoids any " +"intermediate loss of precision. It wraps the ``fma()`` function provided by " +"C99, and follows the specification of the IEEE 754 \"fusedMultiplyAdd\" " +"operation for special cases. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`73468`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :func:`~math.fma` 可执行合并的乘法-加法运算。 此函数只需一轮操作即可计算 ``x * y + " +"z``，从而避免了任何中间步骤导致的精度损失。 它包装了 C99 所提供的 ``fma()`` 函数，并且遵从针对特殊情况的 IEEE 754 " +"\"fusedMultiplyAdd\" 运算规范。 （由 Mark Dickinson 和 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`73468` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:995 +msgid "mimetypes" +msgstr "mimetypes" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:997 +msgid "" +"Add the :func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type` function to guess a MIME type " +"from a filesystem path. Using paths with :func:`~mimetypes.guess_type` is " +"now :term:`soft deprecated`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`66543`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type` 函数用于根据文件系统路径来猜测 MIME 类型。 在 " +":func:`~mimetypes.guess_type` 中使用路径的做法现在已是 :term:`soft deprecated`。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`66543` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1004 +msgid "mmap" +msgstr "mmap" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1006 +msgid "" +":class:`~mmap.mmap` is now protected from crashing on Windows when the " +"mapped memory is inaccessible due to file system errors or access " +"violations. (Contributed by Jannis Weigend in :gh:`118209`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~mmap.mmap` 在 Windows 上当被映射的内存由于文件系统错误或访问限制而不可访问时将获得保护以避免崩溃。 （由 " +"Jannis Weigend 在 :gh:`118209` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1010 +msgid "" +":class:`~mmap.mmap` has a new :meth:`~mmap.mmap.seekable` method that can be" +" used when a seekable file-like object is required. The " +":meth:`~mmap.mmap.seek` method now returns the new absolute position. " +"(Contributed by Donghee Na and Sylvie Liberman in :gh:`111835`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~mmap.mmap` 具有新的 :meth:`~mmap.mmap.seekable` 方法将在需要可定位的文件型对象时被使用。 现在" +" :meth:`~mmap.mmap.seek` 方法将返回一个新的绝对位置。 （由 Donghee Na 和 Sylvie Liberman 在 " +":gh:`111835` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"The new UNIX-only *trackfd* parameter for :class:`~mmap.mmap` controls file " +"descriptor duplication; if false, the file descriptor specified by *fileno* " +"will not be duplicated. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz and Petr Viktorin in " +":gh:`78502`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~mmap.mmap` 新增了 UNIX 专属的 *trackfd* 形参用来控制文件描述符的复制；如为假值，则由 *fileno* " +"指定的文件描述符将不会被复制。 （由 Zackery Spytz 和 Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`78502` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1022 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1030 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~os.process_cpu_count` function to get the number of logical CPU " +"cores usable by the calling thread of the current process. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :gh:`109649`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~os.process_cpu_count` 函数用于获取当前进程的调用方线程可以使用的逻辑 CPU 核心数量。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`109649` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1036 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.cpu_count` and :func:`~os.process_cpu_count` can be overridden " +"through the new environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT` or the new " +"command-line option :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>`. This option is useful for " +"users who need to limit CPU resources of a container system without having " +"to modify application code or the container itself. (Contributed by Donghee " +"Na in :gh:`109595`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~os.cpu_count` 和 :func:`~os.process_cpu_count` 可通过新的环境变量 " +":envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT` 或新的命令行选项 :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>` 来覆盖。 " +"此选项对于需要在不修改应用程序代码或容器本身的情况下限制一个容器系统的 CPU 资源的用户会很有用处。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":gh:`109595` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1044 +msgid "" +"Add a :ref:`low level interface ` to Linux's :manpage:`timer " +"file descriptors ` via :func:`~os.timerfd_create`, " +":func:`~os.timerfd_settime`, :func:`~os.timerfd_settime_ns`, " +":func:`~os.timerfd_gettime`, :func:`~os.timerfd_gettime_ns`, " +":const:`~os.TFD_NONBLOCK`, :const:`~os.TFD_CLOEXEC`, " +":const:`~os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME`, and :const:`~os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET` " +"(Contributed by Masaru Tsuchiyama in :gh:`108277`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过 :func:`~os.timerfd_create`, :func:`~os.timerfd_settime`, " +":func:`~os.timerfd_settime_ns`, :func:`~os.timerfd_gettime`, " +":func:`~os.timerfd_gettime_ns`, :const:`~os.TFD_NONBLOCK`, " +":const:`~os.TFD_CLOEXEC`, :const:`~os.TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME` 和 " +":const:`~os.TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET` 增加了针对 Linux 的 :manpage:`计算器文件描述符 " +"` 的 :ref:`低层级接口 `。 （由 Masaru Tsuchiyama 在 " +":gh:`108277` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1053 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* argument of :func:`~os.chmod` " +"are both now available on Windows. Note that the default value of " +"*follow_symlinks* in :func:`!lchmod` is ``False`` on Windows. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`59616`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上现在同时增加了对 :func:`~os.lchmod` 和 :func:`~os.chmod` 的 " +"*follow_symlinks* 参数的支持。 请注意在 Windows 上 :func:`!lchmod` 中的 *follow_symlinks*" +" 的默认值为 ``False``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`59616` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1059 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.fchmod` and support for file descriptors in :func:`~os.chmod` are" +" both now available on Windows. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`113191`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上现在同时增加了 :func:`~os.fchmod` 和对 :func:`~os.chmod` 中的文件描述符的支持。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`113191` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1063 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`~os.mkdir` and :func:`~os.makedirs` now support passing a" +" *mode* value of ``0o700`` to apply access control to the new directory. " +"This implicitly affects :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` and is a mitigation for " +":cve:`2024-4030`. Other values for *mode* continue to be ignored. " +"(Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`118486`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`~os.mkdir` 和 :func:`~os.makedirs` 现在支持传入 *mode* 值 " +"``0o700`` 以对新目录应用访问控制。 这会隐式地影响 :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` 并可缓解 " +":cve:`2024-4030`。 其他的 *mode* 值仍然会被忽略。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :gh:`118486` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1070 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.posix_spawn` now accepts ``None`` for the *env* argument, which " +"makes the newly spawned process use the current process environment. " +"(Contributed by Jakub Kulik in :gh:`113119`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~os.posix_spawn` 可接受 ``None`` 作为 *env* 参数，这将让新产生的进程使用当前进程的环境。 （由 " +"Jakub Kulik 在 :gh:`113119` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1074 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.posix_spawn` can now use the :const:`~os.POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM` " +"attribute in the *file_actions* parameter on platforms that support " +":c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np`. (Contributed by Jakub " +"Kulik in :gh:`113117`.)" +msgstr "" +"在支持 :c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np` 的平台上 " +":func:`~os.posix_spawn` 现在可以在 *file_actions* 形参中使用 " +":const:`~os.POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM` 属性。 （由 Jakub Kulik 在 :gh:`113117` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1081 +msgid "os.path" +msgstr "os.path" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~os.path.isreserved` to check if a path is reserved on the " +"current system. This function is only available on Windows. (Contributed by " +"Barney Gale in :gh:`88569`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~os.path.isreserved` 用于检查一个路径在当前系统中是否为保留路径。 此函数仅在 Windows 上可用。 （由" +" Barney Gale 在 :gh:`88569` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`~os.path.isabs` no longer considers paths starting with " +"exactly one slash (``\\`` or ``/``) to be absolute. (Contributed by Barney " +"Gale and Jon Foster in :gh:`44626`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`~os.path.isabs` 将不再把以恰好一个斜杠 (``\\`` 或 ``/``) 开头的路径视为绝对路径。" +" （由 Barney Gale 和 Jon Foster 在 :gh:`44626` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1092 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.path.realpath` now resolves MS-DOS style file names even if the " +"file is not accessible. (Contributed by Moonsik Park in :gh:`82367`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在即使文件不可访问 :func:`~os.path.realpath` 也能够解析 MS-DOS 风格的文件名。 （由 Moonsik Park 在 " +":gh:`82367` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1098 ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1729 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"Add :exc:`~pathlib.UnsupportedOperation`, which is raised instead of " +":exc:`NotImplementedError` when a path operation isn't supported. " +"(Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`89812`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :exc:`~pathlib.UnsupportedOperation`，它会在一个路径操作不受支持时代替 " +":exc:`NotImplementedError` 被引发。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :gh:`89812` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"Add a new constructor for creating :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects from " +"'file' URIs (``file:///``), :meth:`.Path.from_uri`. (Contributed by Barney " +"Gale in :gh:`107465`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了一个用于根据 'file' URI (``file:///``) 来创建 :class:`~pathlib.Path` 对象的构造器 " +":meth:`.Path.from_uri`。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :gh:`107465` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1108 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`.PurePath.full_match` for matching paths with shell-style " +"wildcards, including the recursive wildcard \"``**``\". (Contributed by " +"Barney Gale in :gh:`73435`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`.PurePath.full_match` 用于匹配带有 shell 风格通配符的路径，包括递归通配符 \"``**``\"。 " +"（由 Barney Gale 在 :gh:`73435` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1112 +msgid "" +"Add the :attr:`.PurePath.parser` class attribute to store the implementation" +" of :mod:`os.path` used for low-level path parsing and joining. This will be" +" either :mod:`!posixpath` or :mod:`!ntpath`." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :attr:`.PurePath.parser` 类属性以存储用于低层级路径解析与合并的 :mod:`os.path` 实现。 这可以是 " +":mod:`!posixpath` 或 :mod:`!ntpath`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"Add *recurse_symlinks* keyword-only argument to :meth:`.Path.glob` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`. (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`77609`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :meth:`.Path.glob` 和 :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` 增加了 *recurse_symlinks* " +"仅限关键字参数。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :gh:`77609` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1121 +msgid "" +":meth:`.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` now return files and " +"directories when given a pattern that ends with \"``**``\". Previously, only" +" directories were returned. (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`70303`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当给出以 \"``**``\" 结束的模式时 :meth:`.Path.glob` 和 :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` " +"将返回文件和目录。 在之前版本中，仅会返回目录。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :gh:`70303` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1126 +msgid "" +"Add the *follow_symlinks* keyword-only argument to :meth:`Path.is_file " +"`, :meth:`Path.is_dir `, " +":meth:`.Path.owner`, and :meth:`.Path.group`. (Contributed by Barney Gale in" +" :gh:`105793` and Kamil Turek in :gh:`107962`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :meth:`Path.is_file `, :meth:`Path.is_dir " +"`, :meth:`.Path.owner` 和 :meth:`.Path.group` 增加了 " +"*follow_symlinks* 仅限关键字参数。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :gh:`105793` 中，以及 Kamil Turek 在 " +":gh:`107962` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1134 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1136 +msgid "" +":func:`breakpoint` and :func:`~pdb.set_trace` now enter the debugger " +"immediately rather than on the next line of code to be executed. This change" +" prevents the debugger from breaking outside of the context when " +":func:`!breakpoint` is positioned at the end of the context. (Contributed by" +" Tian Gao in :gh:`118579`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`breakpoint` 和 :func:`~pdb.set_trace` 会立即进入调试器而不是在被执行代码的下一行进入。 " +"这一更改可防止当 :func:`!breakpoint` 位于上下文末尾 时调试器在上下文以外被中断。 （由 Tian Gao 在 " +":gh:`118579` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1142 +msgid "" +"``sys.path[0]`` is no longer replaced by the directory of the script being " +"debugged when :attr:`sys.flags.safe_path` is set. (Contributed by Tian Gao " +"and Christian Walther in :gh:`111762`.)" +msgstr "" +"当设置了 :attr:`sys.flags.safe_path` 时 ``sys.path[0]`` 将不会再被替换为被调试脚本的目录。 （由 Tian" +" Gao 和 Christian Walther 在 :gh:`111762` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1146 +msgid "" +":mod:`zipapp` is now supported as a debugging target. (Contributed by Tian " +"Gao in :gh:`118501`.)" +msgstr "现在支持将 :mod:`zipapp` 作为调试目标。 （由 Tian Gao 在 :gh:`118501` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1149 +msgid "" +"Add ability to move between chained exceptions during post-mortem debugging " +"in :func:`~pdb.pm` using the new :pdbcmd:`exceptions [exc_number] " +"` command for Pdb. (Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier in " +":gh:`106676`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了在 :func:`~pdb.pm` 中进行事后调试期间使用 Pdb 新增的 :pdbcmd:`exceptions [exc_number] " +"` 命令在串连的异常之间移动的能力。 （由 Matthias Bussonnier 在 :gh:`106676` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"Expressions and statements whose prefix is a pdb command are now correctly " +"identified and executed. (Contributed by Tian Gao in :gh:`108464`.)" +msgstr "以一条 pdb 命令打头的表达式和语句现在会被正确地标识并执行。 （由 Tian Gao 在 :gh:`108464` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1160 +msgid "queue" +msgstr "queue" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1162 +msgid "" +"Add :meth:`Queue.shutdown ` and :exc:`~queue.ShutDown`" +" to manage queue termination. (Contributed by Laurie Opperman and Yves " +"Duprat in :gh:`104750`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`Queue.shutdown ` 和 :exc:`~queue.ShutDown` " +"用于管理队列的终结。 （由 Laurie Opperman 和 Yves Duprat 在 :gh:`104750` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1168 +msgid "random" +msgstr "random" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"Add a :ref:`command-line interface `. (Contributed by Hugo van " +"Kemenade in :gh:`118131`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了一个 :ref:`命令行接口 `。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`118131` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1175 ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1737 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"Rename :exc:`!re.error` to :exc:`~re.PatternError` for improved clarity. " +":exc:`!re.error` is kept for backward compatibility." +msgstr "" +"将 :exc:`!re.error` 重命名为 :exc:`~re.PatternError` 以改善准确性。 :exc:`!re.error` " +"仍被保留用于向下兼容。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1182 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"Support the *dir_fd* and *follow_symlinks* keyword arguments in " +":func:`~shutil.chown`. (Contributed by Berker Peksag and Tahia K in " +":gh:`62308`)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`~shutil.chown` 中增加了对 *dir_fd* 和 *follow_symlinks* 关键字参数的支持。 （由 " +"Berker Peksag 和 Tahia K 在 :gh:`62308` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1190 +msgid "site" +msgstr "site" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1192 +msgid "" +":file:`.pth` files are now decoded using UTF-8 first, and then with the " +":term:`locale encoding` if UTF-8 decoding fails. (Contributed by Inada Naoki" +" in :gh:`117802`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :file:`.pth` 文件将先使用 UTF-8 来解码，如果 UTF-8 解码失败再使用 :term:`locale encoding`。 " +"（由 Inada Naoki 在 :gh:`117802` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1198 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1200 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is now emitted if a :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` " +"object is not :meth:`closed ` explicitly. " +"(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`105539`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当一个 :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` 对象未被显式地 :meth:`关闭 " +"` 时将发出 :exc:`ResourceWarning`。 （由 Erlend E. " +"Aasland 在 :gh:`105539` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"Add the *filter* keyword-only parameter to :meth:`.Connection.iterdump` for " +"filtering database objects to dump. (Contributed by Mariusz Felisiak in " +":gh:`91602`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :meth:`.Connection.iterdump` 增加了 *filter* 仅限关键字形参用于过滤要转储的数据库对象。 （由 Mariusz" +" Felisiak 在 :gh:`91602` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1210 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1212 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~ssl.create_default_context` API now includes " +":data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` and :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` " +"in its default flags." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~ssl.create_default_context` API 将在其默认旗标中包括 " +":data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` 和 :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1218 +msgid "" +":data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` may reject pre-:rfc:`5280` or malformed " +"certificates that the underlying OpenSSL implementation might otherwise " +"accept. Whilst disabling this is not recommended, you can do so using:" +msgstr "" +":data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` 可能会拒绝下层 OpenSSL 实现本来会接受的 :rfc:`5280` " +"以前的证书或格式错误的证书。 虽然不建议禁用此功能，但你可以使用以下方式禁用它：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1223 +msgid "" +"import ssl\n" +"\n" +"ctx = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +"ctx.verify_flags &= ~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT" +msgstr "" +"import ssl\n" +"\n" +"ctx = ssl.create_default_context()\n" +"ctx.verify_flags &= ~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1230 +msgid "(Contributed by William Woodruff in :gh:`112389`.)" +msgstr "（由 William Woodruff 在 :gh:`112389` 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1234 +msgid "statistics" +msgstr "statistics" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1236 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~statistics.kde` for kernel density estimation. This makes it " +"possible to estimate a continuous probability density function from a fixed " +"number of discrete samples. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in " +":gh:`115863`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了用于核密度估计的 :func:`~statistics.kde`。 这使得根据固定数量的离散样本估计连续概率密度函数成为可能。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`115863` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~statistics.kde_random` for sampling from an estimated " +"probability density function created by :func:`~statistics.kde`. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`115863`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~statistics.kde_random` 用来从 :func:`~statistics.kde` " +"创建的估计概率密度函数进行取样。 （由 Hettinger 在 :gh:`115863` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1249 +msgid "subprocess" +msgstr "subprocess" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1251 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`subprocess` module now uses the :func:`~os.posix_spawn` function " +"in more situations." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`subprocess` 模块会在更多场合下使用 :func:`~os.posix_spawn` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1254 +msgid "" +"Notably, when *close_fds* is ``True`` (the default), :func:`~os.posix_spawn`" +" will be used when the C library provides " +":c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np`, which includes recent " +"versions of Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris. On Linux, this should perform " +"similarly to the existing Linux :c:func:`!vfork` based code." +msgstr "" +"需要注意的是，当 *close_fds* 为 ``True`` 时（默认值），则将在 C 库提供了 " +":c:func:`!posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np` 时使用 " +":func:`~os.posix_spawn`，这包括近期的 Linux, FreeBSD 和 Solaris 版本。 在 " +"Linux，其性能应当与现有的 Linux :c:func:`!vfork` 基础代码类似。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1261 +msgid "" +"A private control knob :attr:`!subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` can be set to " +"``False`` if you need to force :mod:`subprocess` to never use " +":func:`~os.posix_spawn`. Please report your reason and platform details in " +"the :ref:`issue tracker ` if you set this so that we can " +"improve our API selection logic for everyone. (Contributed by Jakub Kulik in" +" :gh:`113117`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果你需要强制 :mod:`subprocess` 绝不使用 :func:`~os.posix_spawn` 可以将私有的控制节点 " +":attr:`!subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` 设为 ``False``。 如果你这样设置的话请在 :ref:`issue " +"tracker ` 中报告你的理由和平台相关的细节以便我们能够为大家改进 API 的选择逻辑。 （由 Jakub " +"Kulik 在 :gh:`113117` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1271 ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2811 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1273 +msgid "" +"Add the :func:`~sys._is_interned` function to test if a string was interned." +" This function is not guaranteed to exist in all implementations of Python. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`78573`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`~sys._is_interned` 函数用于检测字符串是否被内部化。 此函数不保证在所有的 Python 实现中均存在。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`78573` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1279 +msgid "tempfile" +msgstr "tempfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1281 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the default mode ``0o700`` used by :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` now " +"limits access to the new directory due to changes to :func:`os.mkdir`. This " +"is a mitigation for :cve:`2024-4030`. (Contributed by Steve Dower in " +":gh:`118486`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` 所使用的默认模式 ``0o700`` 由于 :func:`os.mkdir` " +"的更改现在将限制对新目录的访问。 这是对 :cve:`2024-4030` 的缓解措施。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :gh:`118486` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1288 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1290 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`~time.monotonic` now uses the " +"``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` clock for a resolution of 1 microsecond, " +"instead of the ``GetTickCount64()`` clock which has a resolution of 15.6 " +"milliseconds. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`88494`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`~time.monotonic` 现在将使用精度为 1 微秒的 " +"``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` 时钟，而不是精度只有 15.6 毫秒的 ``GetTickCount64()`` 时钟。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`88494` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`~time.time` now uses the " +"``GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime()`` clock for a resolution of 1 " +"microsecond, instead of the ``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`` clock which has a " +"resolution of 15.6 milliseconds. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`63207`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`~time.time` 现在将使用精度为 1 微秒的 " +"``GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime()`` 时钟，代替精度为 15.6 毫秒的 " +"``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`` 时钟。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`63207` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1304 +msgid "tkinter" +msgstr "tkinter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"Add :mod:`tkinter` widget methods: :meth:`!tk_busy_hold`, " +":meth:`!tk_busy_configure`, :meth:`!tk_busy_cget`, :meth:`!tk_busy_forget`, " +":meth:`!tk_busy_current`, and :meth:`!tk_busy_status`. (Contributed by " +"Miguel, klappnase and Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`72684`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :mod:`tkinter` 控件方法: :meth:`!tk_busy_hold`, :meth:`!tk_busy_configure`, " +":meth:`!tk_busy_cget`, :meth:`!tk_busy_forget`, :meth:`!tk_busy_current` 和 " +":meth:`!tk_busy_status`。 （由 Miguel, klappnase 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":gh:`72684` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tkinter` widget method :meth:`!wm_attributes` now accepts the " +"attribute name without the minus prefix to get window attributes, for " +"example ``w.wm_attributes('alpha')`` and allows specifying attributes and " +"values to set as keyword arguments, for example " +"``w.wm_attributes(alpha=0.5)``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`43457`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`tkinter` 控件 :meth:`!wm_attributes` 接受不带负号前缀的属性名称来获取窗口属性，例如 " +"``w.wm_attributes('alpha')`` 并允许指定属性和值以关键字参数形式来设置，例如 " +"``w.wm_attributes(alpha=0.5)``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`43457` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1319 +msgid "" +":meth:`!wm_attributes` can now return attributes as a :class:`dict`, by " +"using the new optional keyword-only parameter *return_python_dict*. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`43457`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过使用新的可选关键字形参 *return_python_dict*，现在 :meth:`!wm_attributes` 可将属性作为 " +":class:`dict` 返回。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`43457` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1323 +msgid "" +":meth:`!Text.count` can now return a simple :class:`int` when the new " +"optional keyword-only parameter *return_ints* is used. Otherwise, the single" +" count is returned as a 1-tuple or ``None``. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :gh:`97928`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当使用新的可选仅限关键字形参 *return_ints* 时 :meth:`!Text.count` 可以返回一个简单的 :class:`int`。" +" 在其他情况下，将以 1 个元素的元组形式返回单个计数值或者 ``None``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`97928` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"Support the \"vsapi\" element type in the " +":meth:`~tkinter.ttk.Style.element_create` method of " +":class:`tkinter.ttk.Style`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`68166`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`tkinter.ttk.Style` 的 :meth:`~tkinter.ttk.Style.element_create` " +"方法中增加了对 \"vsapi\" 元素类型的支持。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`68166` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1333 +msgid "" +"Add the :meth:`!after_info` method for Tkinter widgets. (Contributed by " +"Cheryl Sabella in :gh:`77020`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 Tkinter 的控件增加了 :meth:`!after_info` 方法。 （由 Cheryl Sabella 在 :gh:`77020` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"Add a new :meth:`!copy_replace` method to :class:`!PhotoImage` to copy a " +"region from one image to another, possibly with pixel zooming, subsampling, " +"or both. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118225`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`!PhotoImage` 新增 :meth:`!copy_replace` " +"方法用于将一个图像的某个区域拷贝到另一个图像，可能带有像素缩放、子采样，或两者皆有。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":gh:`118225` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1341 +msgid "" +"Add *from_coords* parameter to the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods " +":meth:`!copy`, :meth:`!zoom` and :meth:`!subsample`. Add *zoom* and " +"*subsample* parameters to the :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy`. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`118225`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`!PhotoImage` 的方法 :meth:`!copy`, :meth:`!zoom` 和 :meth:`!subsample`" +" 增加了 *from_coords* 形参。 为 :class:`!PhotoImage` 的方法 :meth:`!copy` 增加了 *zoom* 和" +" *subsample* 形参。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`118225` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`!read` to read an image from a " +"file and :meth:`!data` to get the image data. Add *background* and " +"*grayscale* parameters to the :meth:`!write` method. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :gh:`118271`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :class:`!PhotoImage` 方法 :meth:`!read` 用于从文件读取图像以及 :meth:`!data` " +"用于获取图像数据。 为 :meth:`!write` 方法增加了 *background* 和 *grayscale* 形参。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :gh:`118271` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1355 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "回溯" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1357 +msgid "" +"Add the :attr:`~traceback.TracebackException.exc_type_str` attribute to " +":class:`~traceback.TracebackException`, which holds a string display of the " +"*exc_type*. Deprecate the :attr:`~traceback.TracebackException.exc_type` " +"attribute, which holds the type object itself. Add parameter *save_exc_type*" +" (default ``True``) to indicate whether ``exc_type`` should be saved. " +"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`112332`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`~traceback.TracebackException` 增加了 " +":attr:`~traceback.TracebackException.exc_type_str` 属性，它用于保存 *exc_type* " +"字符串表示。 弃用了 :attr:`~traceback.TracebackException.exc_type` 属性，它用于保存类型对象本身。 " +"增加了 *save_exc_type* 形参 (默认值为 ``True``) 用于指明 ``exc_type`` 是否应当被保存。 （由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :gh:`112332` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"Add a new *show_group* keyword-only parameter to " +":meth:`.TracebackException.format_exception_only` to (recursively) format " +"the nested exceptions of a :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` instance. (Contributed " +"by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105292`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :meth:`.TracebackException.format_exception_only` 增加了新的 *show_group* " +"仅限关键字形参用于（递归地）格式化 :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` 实例中嵌套的异常。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":gh:`105292` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1373 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1375 +msgid "" +":class:`~types.SimpleNamespace` can now take a single positional argument to" +" initialise the namespace's arguments. This argument must either be a " +"mapping or an iterable of key-value pairs. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka " +"in :gh:`108191`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~types.SimpleNamespace` 可以接受单个位置参数来初始化命名空间的各个参数值。 " +"该参数必须为映射或键值对的可迭代对象。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`108191` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1382 ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1762 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1384 +msgid "" +":pep:`705`: Add :data:`~typing.ReadOnly`, a special typing construct to mark" +" a :class:`~typing.TypedDict` item as read-only for type checkers." +msgstr "" +":pep:`705`: 增加 :data:`~typing.ReadOnly`，一个针对类型检查器的特殊类型结构，用于将 " +":class:`~typing.TypedDict` 的项标记为只读。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1387 +msgid "" +":pep:`742`: Add :data:`~typing.TypeIs`, a typing construct that can be used " +"to instruct a type checker how to narrow a type." +msgstr ":pep:`742`: 增加 :data:`~typing.TypeIs`，一个可被用于指示类型检查器如何细化类型的类型结构。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1390 +msgid "" +"Add :data:`~typing.NoDefault`, a sentinel object used to represent the " +"defaults of some parameters in the :mod:`typing` module. (Contributed by " +"Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`116126`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :data:`~typing.NoDefault`，一个用于代表 :mod:`typing` 模块中某些形参的默认值的哨兵对象。 （由 Jelle" +" Zijlstra 在 :gh:`116126` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1394 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~typing.get_protocol_members` to return the set of members " +"defining a :class:`typing.Protocol`. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in " +":gh:`104873`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :func:`~typing.get_protocol_members` 用于返回定义一个 :class:`typing.Protocol` " +"的成员的集合。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`104873` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1398 +msgid "" +"Add :func:`~typing.is_protocol` to check whether a class is a " +":class:`~typing.Protocol`. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`104873`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :func:`~typing.is_protocol` 用于检查一个类是否属于 :class:`~typing.Protocol`。 （由 " +"Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`104873` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1402 +msgid "" +":data:`~typing.ClassVar` can now be nested in :data:`~typing.Final`, and " +"vice versa. (Contributed by Mehdi Drissi in :gh:`89547`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :data:`~typing.ClassVar` 可以被嵌套在 :data:`~typing.Final` 中，反之亦然。 （由 Mehdi " +"Drissi 在 :gh:`89547` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1408 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"Update the Unicode database to `version 15.1.0`__. (Contributed by James " +"Gerity in :gh:`109559`.)" +msgstr "将 Unicode 数据库更新到 `15.1.0 版`__。 （由 James Gerity 在 :gh:`109559` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1417 +msgid "venv" +msgstr "venv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1419 +msgid "" +"Add support for creating source control management (SCM) ignore files in a " +"virtual environment's directory. By default, Git is supported. This is " +"implemented as opt-in via the API, which can be extended to support other " +"SCMs (:class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` and :func:`~venv.create`), and opt-out via " +"the CLI, using :option:`!--without-scm-ignore-files`. (Contributed by Brett " +"Cannon in :gh:`108125`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了对在虚拟环境目录中添加源码控制管理 (SCM) 忽略文件的支持。 在默认情况下，Git 已受到支持。 此特性是以可被扩展为支持其他 SCM 的通过" +" API 选择启用 (:class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` 和 :func:`~venv.create`)，并通过 CLI 使用 " +":option:`!--without-scm-ignore-files` 选择禁用的方式实现的。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":gh:`108125` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1430 +msgid "warnings" +msgstr "warnings" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1432 +msgid "" +":pep:`702`: The new :func:`warnings.deprecated` decorator provides a way to " +"communicate deprecations to a :term:`static type checker` and to warn on " +"usage of deprecated classes and functions. A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` may " +"also be emitted when a decorated function or class is used at runtime. " +"(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`104003`.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`702`: 新的 :func:`warnings.deprecated` 装饰器提供了一种将弃用消息传送给 :term:`static " +"type checker` 并在使用已弃用的类和函数时发出警告的方式。 当被装饰的函数或类在运行时被使用时也可以发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :gh:`104003` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1441 +msgid "xml" +msgstr "xml" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1443 +msgid "" +"Allow controlling Expat >=2.6.0 reparse deferral (:cve:`2023-52425`) by " +"adding five new methods:" +msgstr "通过添加五个新方法来允许控制 Expat >=2.6.0 重解析延迟 (:cve:`2023-52425`)：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1446 +msgid ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser.flush`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser.flush`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1447 +msgid ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser.flush`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser.flush`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1448 +msgid ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.GetReparseDeferralEnabled`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.GetReparseDeferralEnabled`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1449 +msgid ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1450 +msgid ":meth:`!xml.sax.expatreader.ExpatParser.flush`" +msgstr ":meth:`!xml.sax.expatreader.ExpatParser.flush`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1452 +msgid "(Contributed by Sebastian Pipping in :gh:`115623`.)" +msgstr "（由 Sebastian Pipping 在 :gh:`115623` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1454 +msgid "" +"Add the :meth:`!close` method for the iterator returned by " +":func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` for explicit cleanup. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`69893`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` 所返回的迭代器增加了 :meth:`!close` " +"方法用于执行显式的清理。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`69893` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1460 +msgid "zipimport" +msgstr "zipimport" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1462 +msgid "" +"Add support for ZIP64_ format files. Everybody loves huge data, right? " +"(Contributed by Tim Hatch in :gh:`94146`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了对 ZIP64_ 格式的文件的支持。 大家都喜欢更庞大的数据，对吧？ （由 Tim Hatch 在 :gh:`94146` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1470 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1472 +msgid "" +"Several standard library modules have had their import times significantly " +"improved. For example, the import time of the :mod:`typing` module has been " +"reduced by around a third by removing dependencies on :mod:`re` and " +":mod:`contextlib`. Other modules to enjoy import-time speedups include " +":mod:`email.utils`, :mod:`enum`, :mod:`functools`, " +":mod:`importlib.metadata`, and :mod:`threading`. (Contributed by Alex " +"Waygood, Shantanu Jain, Adam Turner, Daniel Hollas, and others in " +":gh:`109653`.)" +msgstr "" +"一些标准库模块的导入时间得到了显著改善。 例如，:mod:`typing` 模块的导入时间通过移除对 :mod:`re` 和 " +":mod:`contextlib` 的依赖而减少了大约三分之一。 其他获得导入时间加速的模块包括 :mod:`email.utils`, " +":mod:`enum`, :mod:`functools`, :mod:`importlib.metadata` 和 :mod:`threading`。" +" （由 Alex Waygood, Shantanu Jain, Adam Turner, Daniel Hollas 等人在 :gh:`109653`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1483 +msgid "" +":func:`textwrap.indent` is now around 30% faster than before for large " +"input. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`107369`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在对于大量输入 :func:`textwrap.indent` 相比之前可提速大约 30%。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 " +":gh:`107369` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1486 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`subprocess` module now uses the :func:`~os.posix_spawn` function " +"in more situations, including when *close_fds* is ``True`` (the default) on " +"many modern platforms. This should provide a notable performance increase " +"when launching processes on FreeBSD and Solaris. See the :ref:`subprocess " +"` section above for details. (Contributed by Jakub " +"Kulik in :gh:`113117`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`subprocess` 模块会在更多场合下使用 :func:`~os.posix_spawn` 函数，包括在许多现代系统平台上当 " +"*close_fds* 为 ``True`` (默认值) 的时候。 当在 FreeBSD 和 Solaris 上启动进程时这应该能提供显著的性能提升。 " +"请参阅上面的 :ref:`subprocess ` 小节了解详情。 （由 Jakub Kulik 在 " +":gh:`113117` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1496 +msgid "Removed Modules And APIs" +msgstr "被移除的模块与 API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1502 +msgid "PEP 594: Remove \"dead batteries\" from the standard library" +msgstr "PEP 594: 从标准库中移除“死电池”" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1504 +msgid "" +":pep:`594` proposed removing 19 modules from the standard library, " +"colloquially referred to as 'dead batteries' due to their historic, " +"obsolete, or insecure status. All of the following modules were deprecated " +"in Python 3.11, and are now removed:" +msgstr "" +":pep:`594` 提议从标准库移除 19 个模块，它们因其古旧、过时或不安全的状态而被非正式地称呼为‘死电池’。 下列所有模块在 Python " +"3.11 中被弃用，现在已被移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1510 +msgid ":mod:`!aifc`" +msgstr ":mod:`!aifc`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1512 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-aifc`: Use the redistribution of ``aifc`` library from PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-aifc`: 使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``aifc`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1515 +msgid ":mod:`!audioop`" +msgstr ":mod:`!audioop`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1517 +msgid ":pypi:`audioop-lts`: Use ``audioop-lts`` library from PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`audioop-lts`: 使用 PyPI 上的 ``audioop-lts`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1520 +msgid ":mod:`!chunk`" +msgstr ":mod:`!chunk`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1522 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-chunk`: Use the redistribution of ``chunk`` library from " +"PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-chunk`: 使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``chunk`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1525 +msgid ":mod:`!cgi` and :mod:`!cgitb`" +msgstr ":mod:`!cgi` 和 :mod:`!cgitb`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1527 +msgid "" +":class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` can typically be replaced with " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` for ``GET`` and ``HEAD`` requests, and the " +":mod:`email.message` module or the :pypi:`multipart` library for ``POST`` " +"and ``PUT`` requests." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``GET`` 和 ``HEAD`` 请求 :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` 通常可以用 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` 来替换，而对于 ``POST`` 和 ``PUT`` 请求则可以用 " +":mod:`email.message` 模块或 :pypi:`multipart` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1532 +msgid "" +":func:`!cgi.parse` can be replaced by calling :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` " +"directly on the desired query string, unless the input is ``multipart/form-" +"data``, which should be replaced as described below for " +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart`." +msgstr "" +":func:`!cgi.parse` 可被替换为在想要的查询字符串上直接调用 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs`，除非输入为 " +"``multipart/form-data``，它应当如下文针对 :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` 所描述的那样被替换。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1537 +msgid "" +":func:`!cgi.parse_header` can be replaced with the functionality in the " +":mod:`email` package, which implements the same MIME RFCs. For example, with" +" :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`:" +msgstr "" +":func:`!cgi.parse_header` 可被 :mod:`email` 包中的功能所替换，它实现了相同的 MIME RFC。 例如，使用 " +":class:`email.message.EmailMessage`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1541 +msgid "" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"\n" +"msg = EmailMessage()\n" +"msg['content-type'] = 'application/json; charset=\"utf8\"'\n" +"main, params = msg.get_content_type(), msg['content-type'].params" +msgstr "" +"from email.message import EmailMessage\n" +"\n" +"msg = EmailMessage()\n" +"msg['content-type'] = 'application/json; charset=\"utf8\"'\n" +"main, params = msg.get_content_type(), msg['content-type'].params" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1549 +msgid "" +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` can be replaced with the functionality in the " +":mod:`email` package, which implements the same MIME RFCs, or with the " +":pypi:`multipart` library. For example, the " +":class:`email.message.EmailMessage` and :class:`email.message.Message` " +"classes." +msgstr "" +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` 可以用 :mod:`email` 包中的功能来替换，它实现了相同的 MIME RFC，也可以用" +" :pypi:`multipart` 库。 例如，:class:`email.message.EmailMessage` 和 " +":class:`email.message.Message` 类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1555 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-cgi`: and :pypi:`standard-cgitb`: Use the redistribution of " +"``cgi`` and ``cgitb`` library from PyPI." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`standard-cgi`: 和 :pypi:`standard-cgitb`: 使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``cgi`` 和 " +"``cgitb`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1558 +msgid "" +":mod:`!crypt` and the private :mod:`!_crypt` extension. The :mod:`hashlib` " +"module may be an appropriate replacement when simply hashing a value is " +"required. Otherwise, various third-party libraries on PyPI are available:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!crypt` 以及私有的 :mod:`!_crypt` 扩展。 :mod:`hashlib` 模块在仅需对值执行哈希时是一个适当的替代物。" +" 在其他情况下，可以使用 PyPI 上的一些第三方库：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1563 +msgid "" +":pypi:`bcrypt`: Modern password hashing for your software and your servers." +msgstr ":pypi:`bcrypt`: 用于软件和服务器的现代密码哈希算法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1565 +msgid "" +":pypi:`passlib`: Comprehensive password hashing framework supporting over 30" +" schemes." +msgstr ":pypi:`passlib`: 支持超过 over 30 种方案的综合密码哈希算法框架。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1567 +msgid ":pypi:`argon2-cffi`: The secure Argon2 password hashing algorithm." +msgstr ":pypi:`argon2-cffi`: 安全的 Argon2 密码哈希算法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1569 +msgid "" +":pypi:`legacycrypt`: :mod:`ctypes` wrapper to the POSIX crypt library call " +"and associated functionality." +msgstr ":pypi:`legacycrypt`: 针对 POSIX 加密库调用和相关功能的 :mod:`ctypes` 包装器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1572 +msgid "" +":pypi:`crypt_r`: Fork of the :mod:`!crypt` module, wrapper to the " +":manpage:`crypt_r(3)` library call and associated functionality." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`crypt_r`: :mod:`!crypt` 模块的分叉，针对 :manpage:`crypt_r(3)` 库调用和相关功能和包装器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1576 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-crypt` and :pypi:`deprecated-crypt-alternative`: Use the " +"redistribution of ``crypt`` and reimplementation of ``_crypt`` libraries " +"from PyPI." +msgstr "" +":pypi:`standard-crypt` 和 :pypi:`deprecated-crypt-alternative`: 使用 PyPI " +"上的重新分发版 ``crypt`` 和重新实现的 ``_crypt`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1579 +msgid "" +":mod:`!imghdr`: The :pypi:`filetype`, :pypi:`puremagic`, or :pypi:`python-" +"magic` libraries should be used as replacements. For example, the " +":func:`!puremagic.what` function can be used to replace the " +":func:`!imghdr.what` function for all file formats that were supported by " +":mod:`!imghdr`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!imghdr`: 应当使用 :pypi:`filetype`, :pypi:`puremagic` 或 :pypi:`python-" +"magic` 等库作为替代。 例如，对于 :mod:`!imghdr` 所支持的所有文件格式 :func:`!puremagic.what` " +"函数可被用来替代 :func:`!imghdr.what` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1586 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-imghdr`: Use the redistribution of ``imghdr`` library from " +"PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-imghdr`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``imghdr`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1589 +msgid ":mod:`!mailcap`: Use the :mod:`mimetypes` module instead." +msgstr ":mod:`!mailcap`: 改用 :mod:`mimetypes` 模块。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1592 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-mailcap`: Use the redistribution of ``mailcap`` library from" +" PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-mailcap`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``mailcap`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1595 +msgid ":mod:`!msilib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!msilib`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1596 +msgid ":mod:`!nis`" +msgstr ":mod:`!nis`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1597 +msgid ":mod:`!nntplib`: Use the :pypi:`pynntp` library from PyPI instead." +msgstr ":mod:`!nntplib`: 改用 PyPI 上的 :pypi:`pynntp` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1600 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-nntplib`: Use the redistribution of ``nntplib`` library from" +" PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-nntplib`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``nntplib`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1603 +msgid "" +":mod:`!ossaudiodev`: For audio playback, use the :pypi:`pygame` library from" +" PyPI instead." +msgstr ":mod:`!ossaudiodev`: 对于音频回放，改用 PyPI 上的 :pypi:`pygame` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1605 +msgid "" +":mod:`!pipes`: Use the :mod:`subprocess` module instead. Use " +":func:`shlex.quote` to replace the undocumented ``pipes.quote`` function." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!pipes`: 改用 :mod:`subprocess` 模块。 使用 :func:`shlex.quote` 来替代未写入文档的 " +"``pipes.quote`` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1610 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-pipes`: Use the redistribution of ``pipes`` library from " +"PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-pipes`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``pipes`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1613 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sndhdr`: The :pypi:`filetype`, :pypi:`puremagic`, or :pypi:`python-" +"magic` libraries should be used as replacements." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!sndhdr`: 应当使用 :pypi:`filetype`, :pypi:`puremagic` 或 :pypi:`python-" +"magic` 库作为替代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1617 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-sndhdr`: Use the redistribution of ``sndhdr`` library from " +"PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-sndhdr`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``sndhdr`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1620 +msgid ":mod:`!spwd`: Use the :pypi:`python-pam` library from PyPI instead." +msgstr ":mod:`!spwd`: 改用 PyPI 上的 :pypi:`python-pam` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1622 +msgid ":mod:`!sunau`" +msgstr ":mod:`!sunau`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1624 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-sunau`: Use the redistribution of ``sunau`` library from " +"PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-sunau`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``sunau`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1627 +msgid "" +":mod:`!telnetlib`, Use the :pypi:`telnetlib3` or :pypi:`Exscript` libraries " +"from PyPI instead." +msgstr ":mod:`!telnetlib`，改用 PyPI 上的 :pypi:`telnetlib3` 或 :pypi:`Exscript` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1630 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-telnetlib`: Use the redistribution of ``telnetlib`` library " +"from PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-telnetlib`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``telnetlib`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1633 +msgid "" +":mod:`!uu`: Use the :mod:`base64` module instead, as a modern alternative." +msgstr ":mod:`!uu`: 改用 the :mod:`base64` 模块，作为一款现代化的替代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1636 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-uu`: Use the redistribution of ``uu`` library from PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-uu`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``uu`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1639 +msgid ":mod:`!xdrlib`" +msgstr ":mod:`!xdrlib`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1641 +msgid "" +":pypi:`standard-xdrlib`: Use the redistribution of ``xdrlib`` library from " +"PyPI." +msgstr ":pypi:`standard-xdrlib`：使用 PyPI 上的重新分发版 ``xdrlib`` 库。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1644 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner and Zachary Ware in :gh:`104773` and " +":gh:`104780`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 和 Zachary Ware 在 :gh:`104773` 和 :gh:`104780` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1648 +msgid "2to3" +msgstr "2to3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"Remove the :program:`2to3` program and the :mod:`!lib2to3` module, " +"previously deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`104780`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除 :program:`2to3` 程序和 :mod:`!lib2to3` 模块，此前已在 Python 3.11 中被弃用。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`104780` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1656 +msgid "builtins" +msgstr "builtins" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1658 +msgid "" +"Remove support for chained :class:`classmethod` descriptors (introduced in " +":gh:`63272`). These can no longer be used to wrap other descriptors, such as" +" :class:`property`. The core design of this feature was flawed and led to " +"several problems. To \"pass-through\" a :class:`classmethod`, consider using" +" the :attr:`!__wrapped__` attribute that was added in Python 3.10. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`89519`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了对串联 :class:`classmethod` 描述器的支持（在 :gh:`63272` 中引入）。 它们不能再被用来包装其他描述器，如 " +":class:`property`。 此特性的核心设计存在缺陷并导致了一些问题。 要“穿过”一个 :class:`classmethod`，请考虑使用在" +" Python 3.10 中增加的 :attr:`!__wrapped__` 属性。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":gh:`89519` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1667 +msgid "" +"Raise a :exc:`RuntimeError` when calling :meth:`frame.clear` on a suspended " +"frame (as has always been the case for an executing frame). (Contributed by " +"Irit Katriel in :gh:`79932`.)" +msgstr "" +"当在被挂起的帧上调用 :meth:`frame.clear` 时将引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 " +"(就如正在执行的帧一直以来的情况那样)。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`79932` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1675 +msgid "" +"Remove the undocumented :class:`!LegacyInterpolation` class, deprecated in " +"the docstring since Python 3.2, and at runtime since Python 3.11. " +"(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104886`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了未写入文档的 :class:`!LegacyInterpolation` 类，它自 Python 3.2 起已在文档字符串中声明弃用，并且自 " +"Python 3.11 起在运行时也已弃用。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`104886` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1682 +msgid "importlib.metadata" +msgstr "importlib.metadata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1684 +msgid "" +"Remove deprecated subscript (:meth:`~object.__getitem__`) access for " +":ref:`EntryPoint ` objects. (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs in" +" :gh:`113175`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了已弃用的针对 :ref:`EntryPoint ` 对象的下标 " +"(:meth:`~object.__getitem__`) 访问。 （由 Jason R. Coombs 在 :gh:`113175` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1690 +msgid "locale" +msgstr "locale" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1692 +msgid "" +"Remove the :func:`!locale.resetlocale` function, deprecated in Python 3.11. " +"Use ``locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, \"\")`` instead. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :gh:`104783`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`!locale.resetlocale` 函数，它已在 Python 3.11 中被弃用。 请改用 " +"``locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, \"\")``。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`104783` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1698 +msgid "opcode" +msgstr "opcode" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1700 +msgid "" +"Move :attr:`!opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` to " +":attr:`!_opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION`. This field was added in 3.12, it was" +" never documented, and is not intended for external use. (Contributed by " +"Irit Katriel in :gh:`105481`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 :attr:`!opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` 移至 " +":attr:`!_opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION`。 这个字段在是 3.12 " +"中增加的，它从未被写入文档，也无意开放给外部使用。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`105481` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1705 +msgid "" +"Remove :func:`!opcode.is_pseudo`, :attr:`!opcode.MIN_PSEUDO_OPCODE`, and " +":attr:`!opcode.MAX_PSEUDO_OPCODE`, which were added in Python 3.12, but were" +" neither documented nor exposed through :mod:`dis`, and were not intended to" +" be used externally. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105481`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`!opcode.is_pseudo`, :attr:`!opcode.MIN_PSEUDO_OPCODE` 和 " +":attr:`!opcode.MAX_PSEUDO_OPCODE`，它们是在 Python 3.12 中增加了，但从未被写入文档也未通过 " +":mod:`dis` 对外公开，并且不应当在外部被使用。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`105481` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1713 +msgid "optparse" +msgstr "optparse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1715 +msgid "" +"This module is no longer considered :term:`soft deprecated`. While " +":mod:`argparse` remains preferred for new projects that aren't using a third" +" party command line argument processing library, there are aspects of the " +"way ``argparse`` works that mean the lower level ``optparse`` module may " +"provide a better foundation for *writing* argument processing libraries, and" +" for implementing command line applications which adhere more strictly than " +"``argparse`` does to various Unix command line processing conventions that " +"originate in the behaviour of the C :c:func:`!getopt` function . " +"(Contributed by Alyssa Coghlan and Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`126180`.)" +msgstr "" +"此模块已不再被设为 :term:`soft deprecated`。 虽然对于不使用第三方命令行参数处理库的新项目 :mod:`argparse` " +"仍是推荐的选择，但在某些方面 ``argparse`` 的特征意味着较低层级的 ``optparse`` 模块为 *编写* 参数处理库以及实现相比 " +"``argparse`` 与多种 Unix 命令行处理规范绑定更严格、源自 C :c:func:`!getopt` " +"函数行为的命令行应用程序提供了坚实的基础。 （由 Alyssa Coghlan 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`126180` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1731 +msgid "" +"Remove the ability to use :class:`~pathlib.Path` objects as context " +"managers. This functionality was deprecated and has had no effect since " +"Python 3.9. (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`83863`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了使用 :class:`~pathlib.Path` 对象作为上下文管理器的能力。 此功能自 Python 3.9 起已被弃用并设为空操作。 （由 " +"Barney Gale 在 :gh:`83863` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"Remove the undocumented, deprecated, and broken :func:`!re.template` " +"function and :attr:`!re.TEMPLATE` / :attr:`!re.T` flag. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka and Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`105687`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了未被写入文档、已被弃用且已不能工作的 :func:`!re.template` 函数和 :attr:`!re.TEMPLATE` / " +":attr:`!re.T` 旗标。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`105687` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1745 +msgid "tkinter.tix" +msgstr "tkinter.tix" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1747 +msgid "" +"Remove the :mod:`!tkinter.tix` module, deprecated in Python 3.6. The third-" +"party Tix library which the module wrapped is unmaintained. (Contributed by " +"Zachary Ware in :gh:`75552`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`!tkinter.tix` 模块，它在 Python 3.6 中已被弃用。 该模块所包装的第三方库 Tix 已不再维护。 （由 " +"Zachary Ware 在 :gh:`75552` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1753 +msgid "turtle" +msgstr "turtle" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"Remove the :meth:`!RawTurtle.settiltangle` method, deprecated in the " +"documentation since Python 3.1 and at runtime since Python 3.11. " +"(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104876`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :meth:`!RawTurtle.settiltangle` 方法，它自 Python 3.1 起已在文档中声明弃用并自 Python " +"3.11 起在运行时声明弃用。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`104876` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1764 +msgid "" +"Remove the :mod:`!typing.io` and :mod:`!typing.re` namespaces, deprecated " +"since Python 3.8. The items in those namespaces can be imported directly " +"from the :mod:`typing` module. (Contributed by Sebastian Rittau in " +":gh:`92871`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :mod:`!typing.io` 和 :mod:`!typing.re` 命令空间，它们自 Python 3.8 起已被弃用。 " +"这些命名空间中的条目可从 :mod:`typing` 模块直接导入。 （由 Sebastian Rittau 在 :gh:`92871` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1770 +msgid "" +"Remove the keyword-argument method of creating :class:`~typing.TypedDict` " +"types, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Tomas Roun in " +":gh:`104786`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了创建 :class:`~typing.TypedDict` 类型的关键字参数方法，它在 Python 3.11 中已被弃用。 （由 Tomas " +"Roun 在 :gh:`104786` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1776 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1778 +msgid "" +"Remove the following :mod:`unittest` functions, deprecated in Python 3.11:" +msgstr "移除了下列 :mod:`unittest` 函数，它们在 Python 3.11 中已被弃用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1780 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1781 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1782 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1784 +msgid "Use :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` methods instead:" +msgstr "请改用 :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` 方法:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1786 +msgid ":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`" +msgstr ":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1787 +msgid ":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`" +msgstr ":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1788 +msgid ":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`" +msgstr ":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1790 +msgid "(Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104835`.)" +msgstr "（由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`104835` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"Remove the untested and undocumented :meth:`!TestProgram.usageExit` method, " +"deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":gh:`104992`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了未经测试且未写入文档的 :meth:`!TestProgram.usageExit` 方法，它在 Python 3.11 中已被弃用。 （由 " +"Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`104992` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1798 +msgid "urllib" +msgstr "urllib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1800 +msgid "" +"Remove the *cafile*, *capath*, and *cadefault* parameters of the " +":func:`urllib.request.urlopen` function, deprecated in Python 3.6. Use the " +"*context* parameter instead with an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` instance. The " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` function can be used to load specific" +" certificates, or let :func:`ssl.create_default_context` select the " +"operating system's trusted certificate authority (CA) certificates. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105382`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` 函数的 *cafile*, *capath* 和 *cadefault* " +"等形参，它们在 Python 3.6 中已弃用。 应改为向 *context* 形参传入一个 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 实例。 " +"可以使用 :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` 函数来加载指定的证书，或是让 " +":func:`ssl.create_default_context` 来选择操作系统的受信任证书颁发机构 (CA) 证书。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`105382` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1811 +msgid "webbrowser" +msgstr "webbrowser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1813 +msgid "" +"Remove the untested and undocumented :class:`!MacOSX` class, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Use the :class:`!MacOSXOSAScript` class (introduced in Python " +"3.2) instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104804`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了未经测试且未写入文档的 :class:`!MacOSX` 类，它在 Python 3.11 中已弃用。 请改用 " +":class:`!MacOSXOSAScript` 类（在 Python 3.2 中引入）。 （由 Hugo van Kemenade 在 " +":gh:`104804` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1818 +msgid "" +"Remove the deprecated :attr:`!MacOSXOSAScript._name` attribute. Use the " +":attr:`MacOSXOSAScript.name ` attribute instead." +" (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`105546`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了已被弃用的 :attr:`!MacOSXOSAScript._name` 属性。 请改用 :attr:`MacOSXOSAScript.name " +"` 属性。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`105546` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1825 +msgid "New Deprecations" +msgstr "新的弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1827 +msgid ":ref:`User-defined functions `:" +msgstr ":ref:`用户自定义函数 `:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1829 +msgid "" +"Deprecate assignment to a function's :attr:`~function.__code__` attribute, " +"where the new code object's type does not match the function's type. The " +"different types are: plain function, generator, async generator, and " +"coroutine. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`81137`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用对函数的 :attr:`~function.__code__` 属性的赋值，其中新代码对象的类型与函数的类型不匹配。 " +"不同的类型有：普通函数、生成器、异步生成器和协程。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`81137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1835 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:11 +msgid ":mod:`array`:" +msgstr ":mod:`array`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1837 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the ``'u'`` format code (:c:type:`wchar_t`) at runtime. This " +"format code has been deprecated in documentation since Python 3.3, and will " +"be removed in Python 3.16. Use the ``'w'`` format code (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`) " +"for Unicode characters instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":gh:`80480`.)" +msgstr "" +"在运行时弃用 ``'u'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`wchar_t`)。 此格式代码自 Python 3.3 起在文档中已被弃用，并将在 " +"Python 3.16 中被移除。对于 Unicode 字符，请使用 ``'w'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`)。 （由 Hugo" +" van Kemenade 在 :gh:`80480` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1844 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:16 +msgid ":mod:`ctypes`:" +msgstr ":mod:`ctypes`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1846 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the undocumented :func:`!SetPointerType` function, to be removed " +"in Python 3.15. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105733`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了未写入文档的 :func:`!SetPointerType` 函数，并将在 Python 3.15 中移除。 （由 Victor Stinner " +"在 :gh:`105733` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1850 +msgid "" +":term:`Soft-deprecate ` the :func:`~ctypes.ARRAY` function " +"in favour of ``type * length`` multiplication. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`105733`.)" +msgstr "" +":term:`软弃用 ` :func:`~ctypes.ARRAY` 函数并改用 ``type * length`` " +"乘法运算。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105733` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1854 +msgid ":mod:`decimal`:" +msgstr ":mod:`decimal`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1856 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the non-standard and undocumented :class:`~decimal.Decimal` format" +" specifier ``'N'``, which is only supported in the :mod:`!decimal` module's " +"C implementation. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`89902`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了非标准且未写入文档的 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 格式说明符 ``'N'``，它仅在 :mod:`!decimal` " +"模块的 C 实现中受到支持。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`89902` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1861 +msgid ":mod:`dis`:" +msgstr ":mod:`dis`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1863 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :attr:`!HAVE_ARGUMENT` separator. Check membership in " +":data:`~dis.hasarg` instead. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`109319`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了 :attr:`!HAVE_ARGUMENT` 分隔符。 改为在 :data:`~dis.hasarg` 中的成员检测。 （由 Irit " +"Katriel 在 :gh:`109319` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1867 +msgid ":mod:`gettext`:" +msgstr ":mod:`gettext`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1869 +msgid "" +"Deprecate non-integer numbers as arguments to functions and methods that " +"consider plural forms in the :mod:`!gettext` module, even if no translation " +"was found. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`88434`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`!gettext` 模块中，弃用非整数作为考虑复数形式的函数和方法的参数，即使没有找到翻译时也不可以。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :gh:`88434` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1874 +msgid ":mod:`glob`:" +msgstr ":mod:`glob`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1876 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the undocumented :func:`!glob0` and :func:`!glob1` functions. Use " +":func:`~glob.glob` and pass a :term:`path-like object` specifying the root " +"directory to the *root_dir* parameter instead. (Contributed by Barney Gale " +"in :gh:`117337`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用未写入文档的 :func:`!glob0` 和 :func:`!glob1` 函数。改为使用 :func:`~glob.glob` " +"并传递一个指定根目录的 :term:`path-like object` 到 *root_dir* 形参。 （由 Barney Gale 在 " +":gh:`117337` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1881 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":mod:`http.server`:" +msgstr ":mod:`http.server`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1883 +msgid "" +"Deprecate :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler`, to be removed in " +"Python 3.15. Process-based CGI HTTP servers have been out of favor for a " +"very long time. This code was outdated, unmaintained, and rarely used. It " +"has a high potential for both security and functionality bugs. (Contributed " +"by Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`109096`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` 类，将在 Python 3.15 中移除。 基于进程的 " +"CGI HTTP 服务器已经过时很久了。 该代码已经过时，无人维护，而且很少使用。 它极有可能出现安全和功能方面的程序错误。 （由 Gregory P." +" Smith 在 :gh:`109096` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1890 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :option:`!--cgi` flag to the :program:`python -m http.server` " +"command-line interface, to be removed in Python 3.15. (Contributed by " +"Gregory P. Smith in :gh:`109096`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用:program:`python -m http.server` 命令行接口的:option:`!--cgi`标志位 ，将在Python 3.15 " +"中移除。（由 Gregory P. Smith 在:gh:`109096` 中提供）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1895 +msgid ":mod:`mimetypes`:" +msgstr ":mod:`mimetypes`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1897 +msgid "" +":term:`Soft-deprecate ` file path arguments to " +":func:`~mimetypes.guess_type`, use :func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type` " +"instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`66543`.)" +msgstr "" +":term:`软弃用 ` 传给 :func:`~mimetypes.guess_type` 的文件路径参数，改用 " +":func:`~mimetypes.guess_file_type`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`66543` " +"中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1902 +msgid ":mod:`re`:" +msgstr ":mod:`re`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1904 +msgid "" +"Deprecate passing the optional *maxsplit*, *count*, or *flags* arguments as " +"positional arguments to the module-level :func:`~re.split`, :func:`~re.sub`," +" and :func:`~re.subn` functions. These parameters will become :ref:`keyword-" +"only ` in a future version of Python. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`56166`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用将可选的 *maxsplit*, *count* 或 *flags* 参数以位置参数形式传给模块级 :func:`~re.split`, " +":func:`~re.sub` 和 :func:`~re.subn` 函数的做法。 这些形参将在未来的 Python 版本中成为 " +":ref:`仅限关键字形参 `。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`56166` " +"中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1911 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:46 +msgid ":mod:`pathlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pathlib`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1913 +msgid "" +"Deprecate :meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved`, to be removed in Python 3.15. Use " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows. (Contributed" +" by Barney Gale in :gh:`88569`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved`，将在 Python 3.15 中移除。 请使用 " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` 来检测 Windows 上的保留路径。 （由 Barney Gale 在 :gh:`88569` " +"中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1918 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:52 +msgid ":mod:`platform`:" +msgstr ":mod:`platform`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1920 +msgid "" +"Deprecate :func:`~platform.java_ver`, to be removed in Python 3.15. This " +"function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is " +"largely untested. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`116349`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了 :func:`~platform.java_ver`，并将在 Python 3.15 中移除。 此函数仅对 Jython " +"支持有用，具有令人困惑的 API，并且大部分未经测试。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`116349` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1926 +msgid ":mod:`pydoc`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pydoc`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1928 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the undocumented :func:`!ispackage` function. (Contributed by " +"Zackery Spytz in :gh:`64020`.)" +msgstr "弃用未写入文档的 :func:`!ispackage` 函数。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 :gh:`64020` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1931 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`sqlite3`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sqlite3`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1933 +msgid "" +"Deprecate passing more than one positional argument to the " +":func:`~sqlite3.connect` function and the :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` " +"constructor. The remaining parameters will become keyword-only in Python " +"3.15. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`107948`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用向 :func:`~sqlite3.connect` 函数和 :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` " +"构造器传入多个位置参数的做法。 其余的形参在 Python 3.15 中将成为仅限关键字形参。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 " +":gh:`107948` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1939 +msgid "" +"Deprecate passing name, number of arguments, and the callable as keyword " +"arguments for :meth:`.Connection.create_function` and " +":meth:`.Connection.create_aggregate` These parameters will become " +"positional-only in Python 3.15. (Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in " +":gh:`108278`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用将名称、参数数量和可调用对象作为 :meth:`.Connection.create_function` 和 " +":meth:`.Connection.create_aggregate` 的关键字参数传入的做法。 这些形参在 Python 3.15 " +"中将成为仅限位置形参。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`108278` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"Deprecate passing the callback callable by keyword for the " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`, " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler`, and " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback` :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` " +"methods. The callback callables will become positional-only in Python 3.15. " +"(Contributed by Erlend E. Aasland in :gh:`108278`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用将 callback 可调用对象作为 :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`, " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback` 等 " +":class:`~sqlite3.Connection` 方法的关键字参数传入的做法。 callback 可调用对象在 Python 3.15 " +"中将成为仅限位置参数。 （由 Erlend E. Aasland 在 :gh:`108278` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1953 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:47 +msgid ":mod:`sys`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sys`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1955 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function, to be " +"removed in Python 3.16. Use the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` " +"environment variable instead. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`73427`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` 函数，并将在 Python 3.16 中移除。 请改用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :gh:`73427` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1960 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:53 +msgid ":mod:`tarfile`:" +msgstr ":mod:`tarfile`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1962 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute, to" +" be removed in Python 3.16. (Contributed in :gh:`115256`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了未写入文档也未被使用的 :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` 属性，并将在 Python 3.16 中移除。 （在 " +":gh:`115256` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1966 +msgid ":mod:`traceback`:" +msgstr ":mod:`traceback`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :attr:`.TracebackException.exc_type` attribute. Use " +":attr:`.TracebackException.exc_type_str` instead. (Contributed by Irit " +"Katriel in :gh:`112332`.)" +msgstr "" +"已弃用 :attr:`.TracebackException.exc_type` 属性。 请改用 " +":attr:`.TracebackException.exc_type_str`。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`112332` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1972 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:80 +msgid ":mod:`typing`:" +msgstr ":mod:`typing`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1974 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating " +":class:`~typing.NamedTuple` classes (e.g. ``Point = NamedTuple(\"Point\", " +"x=int, y=int)``), to be removed in Python 3.15. Use the class-based syntax " +"or the functional syntax instead. (Contributed by Alex Waygood in " +":gh:`105566`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了未写入文档的用于创建 :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` 类的关键字参数语法 (例如 ``Point = " +"NamedTuple(\"Point\", x=int, y=int)``)，将在 Python 3.15 中移除。 请改用基于类的语法或函数式语法。 " +"（由 Alex Waygood 在 :gh:`105566` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1981 +msgid "" +"Deprecate omitting the *fields* parameter when creating a " +":class:`~typing.NamedTuple` or :class:`typing.TypedDict` class, and " +"deprecate passing ``None`` to the *fields* parameter of both types. Python " +"3.15 will require a valid sequence for the *fields* parameter. To create a " +"NamedTuple class with zero fields, use ``class NT(NamedTuple): pass`` or " +"``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", ())``. To create a TypedDict class with zero " +"fields, use ``class TD(TypedDict): pass`` or ``TD = TypedDict(\"TD\", {})``." +" (Contributed by Alex Waygood in :gh:`105566` and :gh:`105570`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用当创建 :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` 或 :class:`typing.TypedDict` 类时省略 *fields* " +"形参的做法，并弃用将 ``None`` 传给这两种类型的 *fields* 形参的做法。 Python 3.15 将要求以一个有效的序列作为 " +"*fields* 形参。 要创建具有零个字段的 NamedTuple 类，请使用 ``class NT(NamedTuple): pass`` 或 " +"``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", ())``。 要创建具有零人字段的 TypedDict 类，请使用 ``class " +"TD(TypedDict): pass`` 或 ``TD = TypedDict(\"TD\", {})``。 （由 Alex Waygood 在 " +":gh:`105566` 和 :gh:`105570` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1991 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function, to " +"be removed in in Python 3.15. After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module," +" it has yet to be supported by any major type checker. (Contributed by Alex " +"Waygood in :gh:`106309`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` 装饰器函数，将在 Python 3.15 中被移除。 存在于 " +":mod:`typing` 模块中八年之后，它仍未被任何主要类型检查器所支持。 （由 Alex Waygood 在 :gh:`106309` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:1997 +msgid "" +"Deprecate :data:`typing.AnyStr`. In Python 3.16, it will be removed from " +"``typing.__all__``, and a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` will be emitted at " +"runtime when it is imported or accessed. It will be removed entirely in " +"Python 3.18. Use the new :ref:`type parameter syntax ` instead." +" (Contributed by Michael The in :gh:`107116`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :data:`typing.AnyStr`。 在 Python 3.16 中，它将从 ``typing.__all__`` " +"移除，当它被导入或被访问时将会发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 它将在 Python 3.18 中被完全移除。 请改用新的 " +":ref:`类型形参语法 `。 （由 Michael The 在 :gh:`107116` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2005 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:93 +msgid ":mod:`wave`:" +msgstr ":mod:`wave`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2007 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark`, and " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` methods of the :class:`~wave.Wave_read` " +"and :class:`~wave.Wave_write` classes, to be removed in Python 3.15. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105096`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :class:`~wave.Wave_read` 和 :class:`~wave.Wave_write` 类的 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark` 和 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` 方法，将在 Python 3.15 中移除。 （由 Victor Stinner " +"在 :gh:`105096` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.14" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.14 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of " +":class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` are deprecated and will be removed " +"in 3.14. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`92248`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`argparse`: :class:`!argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` 的 *type*, " +"*choices* 和 *metavar* 形参已被弃用并将在 3.14 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`92248` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:9 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast`: The following features have been deprecated in documentation " +"since Python 3.8, now cause a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted at " +"runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in Python 3.14:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast`: 以下特性自 Python 3.8 起已在文档中声明弃用，现在当运行时如果它们被访问或使用时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`，并将在 Python 3.14 中移除：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:13 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Num`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Num`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Str`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Str`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:15 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Bytes`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.NameConstant`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:17 +msgid ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" +msgstr ":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:19 +msgid "" +"Use :class:`ast.Constant` instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`90953`.)" +msgstr "请改用 :class:`ast.Constant`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`90953` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:22 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:19 +msgid ":mod:`asyncio`:" +msgstr ":mod:`asyncio`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "" +"The child watcher classes :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` " +"and :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and will be removed in" +" Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in :gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +"子监视器类 :class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, " +":class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` 和" +" :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.14 中移除。 （由 Kumar Aditya" +" 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`, :func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`, " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` and " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` are deprecated and" +" will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in " +":gh:`94597`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.set_child_watcher`、:func:`asyncio.get_child_watcher`、:meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher`" +" 和 :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` 已弃用，并将在 Python " +"3.14 中移除。（由 Kumar Aditya 在 :gh:`94597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` method of the default event loop policy " +"now emits a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` if there is no current event loop set " +"and it decides to create one. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Guido van" +" Rossum in :gh:`100160`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在默认事件循环策略的 :meth:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` 方法在当前事件循环未设置并决定创建一个时将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Guido van Rossum 在 " +":gh:`100160` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: Deprecated :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`. " +"Prefer :class:`!Sequence` or :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`. For use in " +"typing, prefer a union, like ``bytes | bytearray``, or " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in " +":gh:`91896`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections.abc`: 已弃用 :class:`~collections.abc.ByteString`。 推荐改用 " +":class:`!Sequence` 或 :class:`~collections.abc.Buffer`。 用于类型标注时，则推荐并集运算符，如 " +"``bytes | bytearray``，或 :class:`collections.abc.Buffer`。 （由 Shantanu Jain 在 " +":gh:`91896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:47 +msgid "" +":mod:`email`: Deprecated the *isdst* parameter in " +":func:`email.utils.localtime`. (Contributed by Alan Williams in " +":gh:`72346`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`email`: 已弃用 :func:`email.utils.localtime` 中的 *isdst* 形参。 （由 Alan " +"Williams 在 :gh:`72346` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.abc` deprecated classes:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.abc` 中已弃用的类：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.ResourceReader`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:53 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:54 +msgid ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`!importlib.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:56 +msgid "Use :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` classes instead:" +msgstr "使用 :mod:`importlib.resources.abc` 类代替:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:58 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" +msgstr ":class:`importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "(Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`93963`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jason R. Coombs 和 Hugo van Kemenade 在 :gh:`93963` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":mod:`itertools` had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy, and " +"inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations. This will be" +" removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code volume and maintenance " +"burden. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :gh:`101588`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`itertools` 具有对 copy, deepcopy 和 pickle 等操作的未写入文档的、低效的、历史上充满问题的且不稳定的支持。" +" 这将在 3.14 中移除以显著减少代码量和维护负担。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :gh:`101588` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:69 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: The default start method will change to a safer one " +"on Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where ``'fork'`` is " +"currently the default (:gh:`84559`). Adding a runtime warning about this was" +" deemed too disruptive as the majority of code is not expected to care. Use " +"the :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` or " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` APIs to explicitly specify when " +"your code *requires* ``'fork'``. See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`multiprocessing`: 默认的启动方法在目前默认使用 ``'fork'`` 的 Linux, BSD 和其他非 macOS " +"POSIX 平台上将改为更安全的方法 (:gh:`84559`)。 为此添加运行时警告将带来糟糕的体验因为大部分代码并不会关心这个问题。 当你的代码 " +"*需要* ``'fork'`` 时请使用 :func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` 或 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` API 来显式地指明。 参见 " +":ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:77 +msgid "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: passing additional arguments is " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to` 和 " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: 传入额外参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:81 +msgid "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`~pkgutil.get_loader`" +" now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`; use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` " +"instead. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`97850`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pkgutil`: 现在 :func:`~pkgutil.find_loader` 和 " +":func:`~pkgutil.get_loader` 将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`；请改用 " +":func:`importlib.util.find_spec`。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`97850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:86 +msgid ":mod:`pty`:" +msgstr ":mod:`pty`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:88 +msgid "``master_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``master_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:89 +msgid "``slave_open()``: use :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "``slave_open()``: 使用 :func:`pty.openpty`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:93 +msgid ":data:`~sqlite3.version` and :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`." +msgstr ":data:`~sqlite3.version` 和 :data:`~sqlite3.version_info`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:95 +msgid "" +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` and :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany` if " +":ref:`named placeholders ` are used and *parameters* " +"is a sequence instead of a :class:`dict`." +msgstr "" +"如果使用了 :ref:`命名占位符 ` 且 *parameters* 是一个序列而不是 " +":class:`dict` 则选择 :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` 和 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.executemany`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:99 +msgid "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString`, deprecated since Python 3.9, now" +" causes a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to be emitted when it is used." +msgstr "" +":mod:`typing`: :class:`~typing.ByteString` 自 Python 3.9 起已被弃用，现在当被使用时将会发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:102 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` is deprecated: it was not " +"intended to be a public API. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in " +":gh:`88168`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib`: :class:`!urllib.parse.Quoter` 已被弃用：它不应被作为公有 API。 （由 Gregory " +"P. Smith 在 :gh:`88168` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Python 3.15" +msgstr "Python 3.15 中的待移除功能" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:4 +msgid "The import system:" +msgstr "导入系统：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__cached__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.cached ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__cached__` will cease to be set or take" +" into consideration by the import system or standard library. (:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.cached ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__cached__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__cached__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__package__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.parent ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.15, :attr:`!__package__` will cease to be set or " +"take into consideration by the import system or standard library. " +"(:gh:`97879`)" +msgstr "" +"当设备 :attr:`__spec__.parent ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__package__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.15 " +"中，:attr:`!__package__` 将不会再被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。 (:gh:`97879`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:18 +msgid "" +"The undocumented :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档的 :func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` 函数自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid "" +"The obsolete and rarely used :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` has" +" been deprecated since Python 3.13. No direct replacement exists. *Anything*" +" is better than CGI to interface a web server with a request handler." +msgstr "" +"过时且很少被使用的 :class:`~http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 " +"不存在直接的替代品。 对于建立带有请求处理器的 Web 服务程序来说 *任何东西* 都比 CGI 要好。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:29 +msgid "" +"The :option:`!--cgi` flag to the :program:`python -m http.server` command-" +"line interface has been deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "" +"用于 :program:`python -m http.server` 命令行界面的 :option:`!--cgi` 旗标自 Python 3.13 " +"起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:32 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`importlib`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:34 +msgid "``load_module()`` method: use ``exec_module()`` instead." +msgstr "``load_module()`` 方法：改用 ``exec_module()``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:36 +msgid ":class:`locale`:" +msgstr ":class:`locale`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:38 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` function has been deprecated since " +"Python 3.11. Its removal was originally planned for Python 3.13 " +"(:gh:`90817`), but has been postponed to Python 3.15. Use " +":func:`~locale.getlocale`, :func:`~locale.setlocale`, and " +":func:`~locale.getencoding` instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":gh:`111187`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~locale.getdefaultlocale` 函数自 Python 3.11 起已被弃用。 最初计划在 Python 3.13 " +"中移除它 (:gh:`90817`)，但已被推迟至 Python 3.15。 请改用 :func:`~locale.getlocale`, " +":func:`~locale.setlocale` 和 :func:`~locale.getencoding`。 （由 Hugo van " +"Kemenade 在 :gh:`111187` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:48 +msgid "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` to detect reserved paths on Windows." +msgstr "" +":meth:`.PurePath.is_reserved` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请使用 " +":func:`os.path.isreserved` 来检测 Windows 上的保留路径。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:54 +msgid "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` has been deprecated since Python 3.13. This " +"function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is " +"largely untested." +msgstr "" +":func:`~platform.java_ver` 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 此函数仅对 Jython 支持有用，具有令人困惑的 " +"API，并且大部分未经测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:58 +msgid ":mod:`sysconfig`:" +msgstr ":mod:`sysconfig`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:60 +msgid "" +"The *check_home* argument of :func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12." +msgstr "" +":func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` 的 *check_home* 参数自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`threading`:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:65 +msgid "" +":func:`~threading.RLock` will take no arguments in Python 3.15. Passing any " +"arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14, as the Python version does" +" not permit any arguments, but the C version allows any number of positional" +" or keyword arguments, ignoring every argument." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.15 中 :func:`~threading.RLock` 将不再接受参数。 传入参数的做法自 Python 3.14 " +"起已被弃用，因为 Python 版本不接受任何参数，而 C 版本允许任意数量的位置或关键字参数，但会忽略所有参数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:71 +msgid ":mod:`types`:" +msgstr ":mod:`types`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:73 +msgid "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: Accessing :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` was " +"deprecated in :pep:`626` since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12, " +"but it only got a proper :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in 3.12. May be removed " +"in 3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`101866`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`types.CodeType`: 访问 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 的做法自 3.10 起已根据 " +":pep:`626` 被弃用并曾计划在 3.12 中移除，但在 3.12 中实际仅设置了 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 可能会在" +" 3.15 中移除。 （由 Nikita Sobolev 在 :gh:`101866` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:82 +msgid "" +"The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating " +":class:`~typing.NamedTuple` classes (e.g. ``Point = NamedTuple(\"Point\", " +"x=int, y=int)``) has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the class-based " +"syntax or the functional syntax instead." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的用于创建 :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` 类的关键字参数语法 (例如 ``Point = " +"NamedTuple(\"Point\", x=int, y=int)``) 自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 请改用基于类的语法或函数语法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:88 +msgid "" +"The :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13. After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module," +" it has yet to be supported by any major type checker." +msgstr "" +":func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` 装饰器自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。 存在于 " +":mod:`typing` 模块八年之后，它仍未被任何主要类型检查器所支持。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark`, and " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` methods of the :class:`~wave.Wave_read` " +"and :class:`~wave.Wave_write` classes have been deprecated since Python " +"3.13." +msgstr "" +":class:`~wave.Wave_read` 和 :class:`~wave.Wave_write` 类的 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmark`, :meth:`!setmark` 和 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_read.getmarkers` 方法自 Python 3.13 起已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:2 +msgid "Pending removal in Python 3.16" +msgstr "计划在 Python 3.16 中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:6 +msgid "" +"Setting :attr:`~module.__loader__` on a module while failing to set " +":attr:`__spec__.loader ` is " +"deprecated. In Python 3.16, :attr:`!__loader__` will cease to be set or " +"taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library." +msgstr "" +"当设置 :attr:`__spec__.loader ` " +"失败时在模块上设置 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 的做法已被弃用。 在 Python 3.16 " +"中，:attr:`!__loader__` 将不会再被设置或是被导入系统或标准库纳入考虑。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:13 +msgid "" +"The ``'u'`` format code (:c:type:`wchar_t`) has been deprecated in " +"documentation since Python 3.3 and at runtime since Python 3.13. Use the " +"``'w'`` format code (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`) for Unicode characters instead." +msgstr "" +"``'u'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`wchar_t`) 自 Python 3.3 起已在文档中弃用并自 Python 3.13 " +"起在运行时弃用。 对于 Unicode 字符请改用 ``'w'`` 格式代码 (:c:type:`Py_UCS4`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:21 +msgid "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` is deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.16, use :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` instead. (Contributed " +"by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in :gh:`122875`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!asyncio.iscoroutinefunction` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.16 中移除，请改用 " +":func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`。 （由 Jiahao Li 和 Kumar Aditya 在 " +":gh:`122875` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:26 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:12 +msgid ":mod:`builtins`:" +msgstr ":mod:`builtins`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:28 +msgid "" +"Bitwise inversion on boolean types, ``~True`` or ``~False`` has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.12, as it produces surprising and unintuitive " +"results (``-2`` and ``-1``). Use ``not x`` instead for the logical negation " +"of a Boolean. In the rare case that you need the bitwise inversion of the " +"underlying integer, convert to ``int`` explicitly (``~int(x)``)." +msgstr "" +"对布尔类型 ``~True`` 或 ``~False`` 执行按位取反的操作自 Python 3.12 起已被弃用，因为它会产生奇怪和不直观的结果 " +"(``-2`` and ``-1``)。 请改用 ``not x`` 来对布尔值执行逻辑否操作。 " +"对于需要对下层整数执行按位取反操作的少数场合，请显式地将其转换为 ``int`` (``~int(x)``)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:35 +msgid ":mod:`shutil`:" +msgstr ":mod:`shutil`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!ExecError` exception has been deprecated since Python 3.14. It " +"has not been used by any function in :mod:`!shutil` since Python 3.4, and is" +" now an alias of :exc:`RuntimeError`." +msgstr "" +":class:`!ExecError` 异常自 Python 3.14 起已被弃用。 它自 Python 3.4 起就未被 :mod:`!shutil`" +" 中的任何函数所使用，现在是 :exc:`RuntimeError` 的一个别名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:42 +msgid ":mod:`symtable`:" +msgstr ":mod:`symtable`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:44 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Class.get_methods ` method has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.14." +msgstr "" +":meth:`Class.get_methods ` 方法自 Python 3.14 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:49 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` function has been deprecated" +" since Python 3.13. Use the :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` " +"environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding` 函数自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。 请改用 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst:55 +msgid "" +"The undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.13." +msgstr "未写入文档也未被使用的 :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` 属性自 Python 3.13 起被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:2 +msgid "Pending Removal in Future Versions" +msgstr "计划在未来版本中移除" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下API将会被移除，尽管具体时间还未确定。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse`: Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive " +"groups are deprecated." +msgstr ":mod:`argparse`: 嵌套参数分组和嵌套互斥分组的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:10 +msgid ":mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` format code (:gh:`57281`)" +msgstr ":mod:`array` 的 ``'u'`` 格式代码 (:gh:`57281`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:14 +msgid "``bool(NotImplemented)``." +msgstr "``bool(NotImplemented)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +"Generators: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` and ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` signature" +" is deprecated: use ``throw(exc)`` and ``athrow(exc)`` instead, the single " +"argument signature." +msgstr "" +"生成器: ``throw(type, exc, tb)`` 和 ``athrow(type, exc, tb)`` 签名已被弃用：请改用 " +"``throw(exc)`` 和 ``athrow(exc)``，即单参数签名。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:18 +msgid "" +"Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by keywords, " +"for example ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``. It allows confusing and " +"ambiguous expressions like ``[0x1for x in y]`` (which can be interpreted as " +"``[0x1 for x in y]`` or ``[0x1f or x in y]``). A syntax warning is raised " +"if the numeric literal is immediately followed by one of keywords " +":keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, :keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, " +":keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`or`. In a future release it will" +" be changed to a syntax error. (:gh:`87999`)" +msgstr "" +"目前 Python 接受数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字的写法，例如 ``0in x``, ``1or x``, ``0if 1else 2``。 它允许像 " +"``[0x1for x in y]`` 这样令人困惑且有歧义的表达式 (它可以被解读为 ``[0x1 for x in y]`` 或者 ``[0x1f " +"or x in y]``)。 如果数字类字面值后面紧跟关键字 :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`else`, " +":keyword:`for`, :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`in`, :keyword:`is` 和 :keyword:`or` " +"中的一个将会引发语法警告。 在未来的版本中它将改为语法错误。 (:gh:`87999`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:26 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__index__()`` and ``__int__()`` method returning non-int type:" +" these methods will be required to return an instance of a strict subclass " +"of :class:`int`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__index__()`` 和 ``__int__()`` 方法返回非 int 类型的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`int` " +"的子类的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__float__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`float`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`float`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__float__()`` 方法返回 :class:`float` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 :class:`float` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:32 +msgid "" +"Support for ``__complex__()`` method returning a strict subclass of " +":class:`complex`: these methods will be required to return an instance of " +":class:`complex`." +msgstr "" +"对 ``__complex__()`` 方法返回 :class:`complex` 的子类的支持：将要求这些方法必须返回 " +":class:`complex` 的实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "Delegation of ``int()`` to ``__trunc__()`` method." +msgstr "将 ``int()`` 委托给 ``__trunc__()`` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:36 +msgid "" +"Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the " +":func:`complex` constructor is now deprecated; it should only be passed as a" +" single positional argument. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`109218`.)" +msgstr "" +"传入一个复数作为 :func:`complex` 构造器中的 *real* 或 *imag* 参数的做法现在已被弃用；它应当仅作为单个位置参数被传入。 " +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`109218` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:41 +msgid "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` and ``calendar.February`` constants " +"are deprecated and replaced by :data:`calendar.JANUARY` and " +":data:`calendar.FEBRUARY`. (Contributed by Prince Roshan in :gh:`103636`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`calendar`: ``calendar.January`` 和 ``calendar.February`` 常量已被弃用并由 " +":data:`calendar.JANUARY` 和 :data:`calendar.FEBRUARY` 替代。 （由 Prince Roshan 在 " +":gh:`103636` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: use the :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` method " +"instead." +msgstr ":attr:`codeobject.co_lnotab`: 改用 :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` 方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:49 +msgid ":mod:`datetime`:" +msgstr ":mod:`datetime`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:51 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcnow`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:53 +msgid "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: use " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``." +msgstr "" +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`: 使用 " +"``datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:56 +msgid ":mod:`gettext`: Plural value must be an integer." +msgstr ":mod:`gettext`: 复数值必须是一个整数。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:60 +msgid "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* parameter is " +"deprecated: use the *optimization* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` *debug_override* 形参已被弃用：改用 " +"*optimization* 形能耐。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:63 +msgid ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" +msgstr ":mod:`importlib.metadata`:" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:65 +msgid "``EntryPoints`` tuple interface." +msgstr "``EntryPoints`` 元组接口。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:66 +msgid "Implicit ``None`` on return values." +msgstr "返回值中隐式的 ``None``。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:68 +msgid "" +":mod:`logging`: the ``warn()`` method has been deprecated since Python 3.3, " +"use :meth:`~logging.warning` instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`logging`: ``warn()`` 方法自 Python 3.3 起已被弃用，请改用 " +":meth:`~logging.warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:71 +msgid "" +":mod:`mailbox`: Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use " +"BytesIO and binary mode instead." +msgstr ":mod:`mailbox`: 对 StringIO 输入和文本模式的使用已被弃用，改用 BytesIO 和二进制模式。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:74 +msgid "" +":mod:`os`: Calling :func:`os.register_at_fork` in multi-threaded process." +msgstr ":mod:`os`: 在多线程的进程中调用 :func:`os.register_at_fork`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:76 +msgid "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is" +" deprecated, use an exception instance." +msgstr "" +":class:`!pydoc.ErrorDuringImport`: 使用元组值作为 *exc_info* 形参的做法已被弃用，应使用异常实例。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:79 +msgid "" +":mod:`re`: More strict rules are now applied for numerical group references " +"and group names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is " +"now accepted as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and" +" replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and " +"underscore. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`re`: 现在对于正则表达式中的数字分组引用和分组名称将应用更严格的规则。 现在只接受 ASCII 数字序列作为数字引用。 " +"字节串模式和替换字符串中的分组名称现在只能包含 ASCII 字母和数字以及下划线。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`91760` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:86 +msgid "" +":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` and :mod:`!sre_parse` modules." +msgstr ":mod:`!sre_compile`, :mod:`!sre_constants` 和 :mod:`!sre_parse` 模块。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:88 +msgid "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree`'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in" +" Python 3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`shutil`: :func:`~shutil.rmtree` 的 *onerror* 形参在 Python 3.12 中已被弃用；请改用 " +"*onexc* 形参。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:91 +msgid ":mod:`ssl` options and protocols:" +msgstr ":mod:`ssl` 选项和协议：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:93 +msgid ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` without protocol argument is deprecated." +msgstr ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 不带 protocol 参数的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:94 +msgid "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` and " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` are deprecated: use ALPN instead." +msgstr "" +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` 和 " +":meth:`!selected_npn_protocol` 已被弃用：请改用 ALPN." + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:97 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_SSL*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:98 +msgid "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` options" +msgstr "``ssl.OP_NO_TLS*`` 选项" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:99 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:100 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:101 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:102 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:103 +msgid "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" +msgstr "``ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:104 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:105 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:106 +msgid "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" +msgstr "``ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:108 +msgid ":mod:`threading` methods:" +msgstr ":mod:`threading` 的方法：" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:110 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: use " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Condition.notifyAll`: 使用 " +":meth:`~threading.Condition.notify_all`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:111 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: use :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.Event.isSet`: 使用 :meth:`~threading.Event.is_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:112 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.isDaemon`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setDaemon`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.daemon` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:114 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: use " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` attribute." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.Thread.getName`, :meth:`threading.Thread.setName`: 使用 " +":attr:`threading.Thread.name` 属性。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:116 +msgid "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: use :meth:`threading.current_thread`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`!threading.currentThread`: 使用 :meth:`threading.current_thread`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:117 +msgid ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: use :meth:`threading.active_count`." +msgstr ":meth:`!threading.activeCount`: 使用 :meth:`threading.active_count`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:119 +msgid ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)." +msgstr ":class:`typing.Text` (:gh:`92332`)。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:121 +msgid "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: it is deprecated to return a " +"value that is not ``None`` from a test case." +msgstr "" +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`: 从测试用例返回不为 ``None`` 的值的做法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:124 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.parse` deprecated functions: :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` " +"instead" +msgstr ":mod:`urllib.parse` 函数已被弃用：改用 :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse`" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:126 +msgid "``splitattr()``" +msgstr "``splitattr()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:127 +msgid "``splithost()``" +msgstr "``splithost()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:128 +msgid "``splitnport()``" +msgstr "``splitnport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:129 +msgid "``splitpasswd()``" +msgstr "``splitpasswd()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:130 +msgid "``splitport()``" +msgstr "``splitport()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:131 +msgid "``splitquery()``" +msgstr "``splitquery()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:132 +msgid "``splittag()``" +msgstr "``splittag()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:133 +msgid "``splittype()``" +msgstr "``splittype()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:134 +msgid "``splituser()``" +msgstr "``splituser()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:135 +msgid "``splitvalue()``" +msgstr "``splitvalue()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:136 +msgid "``to_bytes()``" +msgstr "``to_bytes()``" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:138 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` and " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` style of invoking requests is " +"deprecated. Use newer :func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` functions and methods." +msgstr "" +":mod:`urllib.request`: 发起请求的 :class:`~urllib.request.URLopener` 和 " +":class:`~urllib.request.FancyURLopener` 方式已被弃用。 改用更新 " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlopen` 函数和方法。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:142 +msgid "" +":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` should not do partial " +"writes." +msgstr ":mod:`wsgiref`: ``SimpleHandler.stdout.write()`` 不应执行部分写入。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:145 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Testing the truth value of an " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` is deprecated. In a future release " +"it will always return ``True``. Prefer explicit ``len(elem)`` or ``elem is " +"not None`` tests instead." +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: 对 :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` " +"的真值测试已被弃用。 在未来的发布版中它将始终返回 ``True``。 建议改用显式的 ``len(elem)`` 或 ``elem is not " +"None`` 测试。" + +#: ../../deprecations/pending-removal-in-future.rst:150 +msgid "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` is deprecated: use " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module` instead." +msgstr "" +":meth:`zipimport.zipimporter.load_module` 已被弃用：请改用 " +":meth:`~zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2024 +msgid "CPython Bytecode Changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2026 +msgid "" +"The oparg of :opcode:`YIELD_VALUE` is now ``1`` if the yield is part of a " +"yield-from or await, and ``0`` otherwise. The oparg of :opcode:`RESUME` was " +"changed to add a bit indicating if the except-depth is 1, which is needed to" +" optimize closing of generators. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in " +":gh:`111354`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :opcode:`YIELD_VALUE` 的操作数在 yield 是 yield-from 或 await 的一部分时为 ``1``，否则为 " +"``0``。 :opcode:`RESUME` 的操作数被修改为增加一个比特位来指明 except-depth 是否为 " +"1，这是优化生成器的关闭所需要的。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`111354` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2034 +msgid "C API Changes" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"Add the :ref:`PyMonitoring C API ` for generating " +":pep:`669` monitoring events:" +msgstr "增加 :ref:`PyMonitoring C API ` 用于生成 :pep:`669` 监控事件：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2042 +msgid ":c:type:`PyMonitoringState`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyMonitoringState`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2043 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyStartEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyStartEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2044 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyResumeEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyResumeEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2045 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyReturnEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyReturnEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2046 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyYieldEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyYieldEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2047 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCallEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCallEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2048 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireLineEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireLineEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2049 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireJumpEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireJumpEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2050 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireBranchEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireBranchEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2051 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCReturnEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCReturnEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2052 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyThrowEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyThrowEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2053 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireRaiseEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireRaiseEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2054 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCRaiseEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireCRaiseEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2055 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireReraiseEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireReraiseEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2056 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireExceptionHandledEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireExceptionHandledEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2057 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyUnwindEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FirePyUnwindEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2058 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireStopIterationEvent`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_FireStopIterationEvent`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2059 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_EnterScope`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_EnterScope`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2060 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_ExitScope`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMonitoring_ExitScope`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2062 +msgid "(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`111997`)." +msgstr "（由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`111997` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2064 +msgid "" +"Add :c:type:`PyMutex`, a lightweight mutex that occupies a single byte, and " +"the new :c:func:`PyMutex_Lock` and :c:func:`PyMutex_Unlock` functions. " +":c:func:`!PyMutex_Lock` will release the :term:`GIL` (if currently held) if " +"the operation needs to block. (Contributed by Sam Gross in :gh:`108724`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:type:`PyMutex`，它是占用一个字节的轻量级互斥锁，以及新的 :c:func:`PyMutex_Lock` 和 " +":c:func:`PyMutex_Unlock` 函数。 如果操作需要阻塞则 :c:func:`!PyMutex_Lock` 将释放 (当前持有的) " +":term:`GIL`。 （由 Sam Gross 在 :gh:`108724` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2070 +msgid "" +"Add the :ref:`PyTime C API ` to provide access to system clocks:" +msgstr "增加了 :ref:`PyTime C API ` 以提供对系统时钟的访问：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2072 +msgid ":c:type:`PyTime_t`." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyTime_t`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2073 +msgid ":c:var:`PyTime_MIN` and :c:var:`PyTime_MAX`." +msgstr ":c:var:`PyTime_MIN` 和 :c:var:`PyTime_MAX`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2074 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_AsSecondsDouble`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyTime_AsSecondsDouble`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2075 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2076 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_MonotonicRaw`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyTime_MonotonicRaw`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2077 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2078 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounterRaw`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounterRaw`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2079 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_Time`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyTime_Time`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2080 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_TimeRaw`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyTime_TimeRaw`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2082 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`110850`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 和 Petr Viktorin 在 :gh:`110850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2084 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyDict_ContainsString` function with the same behavior as " +":c:func:`PyDict_Contains`, but *key* is specified as a :c:expr:`const char*`" +" UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a :c:expr:`PyObject*`. (Contributed" +" by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108314`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyDict_ContainsString` 函数，其行为与 :c:func:`PyDict_Contains` 相同，但 " +"*key* 被指定为一个 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 编码的字节串，而不是 :c:expr:`PyObject*`。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`108314` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2090 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef` and :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef` " +"functions, which behave similarly to :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError`, but " +"return a :term:`strong reference` instead of a :term:`borrowed reference`. " +"Moreover, these functions return ``-1`` on error, removing the need to check" +" :c:func:`!PyErr_Occurred`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106004`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef` 和 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef` " +"函数，其行为类似于 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError`，但将返回一个 :term:`strong reference`" +" 而不是 :term:`borrowed reference`。 此外，这些函数在出错时将返回 ``-1``，因而不必再检测 " +":c:func:`!PyErr_Occurred`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`106004` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2098 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef` function, which behaves similarly to " +":c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault`, but returns a :term:`strong reference` instead " +"of a :term:`borrowed reference`. This function returns ``-1`` on error, " +"``0`` on insertion, and ``1`` if the key was already present in the " +"dictionary. (Contributed by Sam Gross in :gh:`112066`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef` 函数，其行为类似于 " +":c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault`，但将返回一个 :term:`strong reference` 而不是 " +":term:`borrowed reference`。 此函数在出错时将返回 ``-1``，插入时返回 ``0``，而在键已存在于字典中时返回 " +"``1``。 （由 Sam Gross 在 :gh:`112066` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2106 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyDict_Pop` and :c:func:`PyDict_PopString` functions to " +"remove a key from a dictionary and optionally return the removed value. This" +" is similar to :meth:`dict.pop`, though there is no default value, and " +":exc:`KeyError` is not raised for missing keys. (Contributed by Stefan " +"Behnel and Victor Stinner in :gh:`111262`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyDict_Pop` 和 :c:func:`PyDict_PopString` 函数用于从字典移除键并可选择返回被移除的值。" +" 这类似于 :meth:`dict.pop`，但是没有默认值，且对缺失的键不会引发 :exc:`KeyError`。 （由 Stefan Behnel " +"和 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`111262` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2113 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem` and " +":c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItemString` functions as alternatives to " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` and :c:func:`PyMapping_GetItemString` " +"respectively. The new functions do not raise :exc:`KeyError` if the " +"requested key is missing from the mapping. These variants are more " +"convenient and faster if a missing key should not be treated as a failure. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106307`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem` 和 " +":c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItemString` 函数分别作为 :c:func:`PyObject_GetItem` " +"和 :c:func:`PyMapping_GetItemString` 的替代。 这些新函数在映射中缺失所请求的键时不会引发 " +":exc:`KeyError`。 这些变体形式在键缺失不应被视为执行失败的场合下更为方便和快速。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":gh:`106307` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2123 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString` functions as alternatives to " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` and :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString` " +"respectively. The new functions do not raise :exc:`AttributeError` if the " +"requested attribute is not found on the object. These variants are more " +"convenient and faster if the missing attribute should not be treated as a " +"failure. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`106521`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString` 函数分别作为 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttr` " +"和 :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString` 的替代。 这些新函数在对象中未找到所请求的属性时不会引发 " +":exc:`AttributeError`。 这些变体形式在属性缺失不应被视为执行失败的场合下更为方便和快速。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka " +"在 :gh:`106521` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2133 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable` function as an extension to " +":c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` that allows customizing the warning message." +" (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108082`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable` 函数作为对 :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` " +"的扩展，它允许自定义警告消息。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`108082` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2138 +msgid "" +"Add new functions that return a :term:`strong reference` instead of a " +":term:`borrowed reference` for frame locals, globals, and builtins, as part " +"of :ref:`PEP 667 `:" +msgstr "" +"作为 :ref:`PEP 667 ` 的一部分，增加了一组针对帧的 locals, " +"globals 和 builtins 返回 :term:`strong reference` 而不是 :term:`borrowed " +"reference` 的函数：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2142 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins` replaces :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameBuiltins` 替代 :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2143 +msgid ":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameGlobals` replaces :c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameGlobals` 替代 :c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2144 +msgid ":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` replaces :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` 替代 :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2146 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Shannon and Tian Gao in :gh:`74929`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Shannon 和 Tian Gao 在 :gh:`74929` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2148 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`Py_GetConstant` and :c:func:`Py_GetConstantBorrowed` " +"functions to get :term:`strong ` or :term:`borrowed " +"` references to constants. For example, " +"``Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_ZERO)`` returns a strong reference to the " +"constant zero. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`115754`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`Py_GetConstant` 和 :c:func:`Py_GetConstantBorrowed` 函数用来获取对常量的 " +":term:`强引用 ` 或 :term:`借入引用 `。 " +"例如，``Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_ZERO)`` 将返回一个对常量零的强引用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`115754` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2155 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef` function as a replacement for " +":c:func:`PyImport_AddModule` that returns a :term:`strong reference` instead" +" of a :term:`borrowed reference`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`105922`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef` 函数作为 :c:func:`PyImport_AddModule` " +"的替代，它将返回一个 :term:`strong reference` 而不是 :term:`borrowed reference`。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105922` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2160 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` function to check whether the main Python " +"interpreter is :term:`shutting down `. (Contributed by" +" Victor Stinner in :gh:`108014`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` 函数用于检测主 Python 解释器是否 :term:`正在关闭 `。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`108014` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2165 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef` function as a replacement for " +":c:func:`PyList_GetItem` that returns a :term:`strong reference` instead of " +"a :term:`borrowed reference`. (Contributed by Sam Gross in :gh:`114329`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef` 函数作为 :c:func:`PyList_GetItem` 的替代，它将返回一个 " +":term:`strong reference` 而不是 :term:`borrowed reference`。 （由 Sam Gross 在 " +":gh:`114329` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyList_Extend` and :c:func:`PyList_Clear` functions, " +"mirroring the Python :meth:`!list.extend` and :meth:`!list.clear` methods. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111138`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyList_Extend` 和 :c:func:`PyList_Clear` 函数，对应于 Python " +":meth:`!list.extend` 和 :meth:`!list.clear` 方法。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`111138` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2174 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt` function. It behaves similarly to " +":c:func:`PyLong_AsLong`, but stores the result in a C :c:expr:`int` instead " +"of a C :c:expr:`long`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108014`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt` 函数。 其行为类似于 :c:func:`PyLong_AsLong`，但会将结果存储于一个 C " +":c:expr:`int` 而不是 C :c:expr:`long` 。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`108014` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2179 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`, :c:func:`PyLong_FromNativeBytes`, " +"and :c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes` functions to simplify " +"converting between native integer types and Python :class:`int` objects. " +"(Contributed by Steve Dower in :gh:`111140`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`, :c:func:`PyLong_FromNativeBytes` 和 " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes` 等函数以简化原生整数类型与 Python :class:`int` " +"对象之间的转换。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :gh:`111140` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2185 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyModule_Add` function, which is similar to " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` and :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject`, but always" +" steals a reference to the value. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`86493`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyModule_Add` 函数，它类似于 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` 和 " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObject`，但总是会偷取一个对值的引用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":gh:`86493` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2190 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyObject_GenericHash` function that implements the default " +"hashing function of a Python object. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`113024`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了实现 Python 对象的默认哈希函数的 :c:func:`PyObject_GenericHash` 函数。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :gh:`113024` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2194 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`Py_HashPointer` function to hash a raw pointer. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`111545`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`Py_HashPointer` 函数用于对原始指针执行哈希运算。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`111545` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2197 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict` functions. which must be called by the " +"traverse and clear functions of a type using the " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` flag. The `pythoncapi-compat project`_ " +"can be used to use these functions with Python 3.11 and 3.12. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :gh:`107073`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict` 函数。 它们必须由一个使用 " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 旗标的类型的遍历和清理函数来调用。 `pythoncapi-compat " +"project`_ 可被用于在 Python 3.11 和 3.12 中使用这些函数。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`107073`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2205 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` and :c:func:`PyRefTracer_GetTracer` " +"functions, which enable tracking object creation and destruction in the same" +" way that the :mod:`tracemalloc` module does. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo " +"in :gh:`93502`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` 和 :c:func:`PyRefTracer_GetTracer` " +"函数，它们会以与 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块相同的方式启用对象创建和销毁的追踪。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 " +":gh:`93502` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2211 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple` function as an alternative to " +":c:func:`PySys_Audit` that takes event arguments as a Python :class:`tuple` " +"object. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple` 函数作为 :c:func:`PySys_Audit` 的替代，它将接受一个 Python " +":class:`tuple` 对象作为事件参数。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`85283` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2216 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()` function as an alternative to" +" :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get()` that doesn't kill the process with a fatal " +"error if it is ``NULL``. The caller is responsible for checking if the " +"result is ``NULL``. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108867`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()` 函数作为 :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get()`" +" 的替代，它在结果为 ``NULL`` 时不会杀死进程并报告致命错误。 调用方要负责检查结果是否为 ``NULL``。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`108867` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2222 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName` function to get the type's " +"fully qualified name. The module name is prepended if " +":attr:`type.__module__` is a string and is not equal to either " +"``'builtins'`` or ``'__main__'``. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`111696`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName` 函数用来获取类型的完整限定名称。 如果 " +":attr:`type.__module__` 是一个字符串且不等于 ``'builtins'`` 或 ``'__main__'`` " +"则会在开头添加模块名称。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`111696` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2228 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleName` function to get the type's module " +"name. This is equivalent to getting the :attr:`type.__module__` attribute. " +"(Contributed by Eric Snow and Victor Stinner in :gh:`111696`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleName` 函数用来获取类型的模块名称。 这等价于获取 " +":attr:`type.__module__` 属性。 （由 Eric Snow 和 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`111696` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2233 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8` functions to compare a Unicode object with a" +" :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 encoded string and ``1`` if they are equal or " +"``0`` otherwise. These functions do not raise exceptions. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`110289`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8`" +" 函数以将 Unicode 对象与 :c:expr:`const char*` UTF-8 编码的字符串进行比较并在它们相等时返回 ``1`` 否则返回" +" ``0``。 这些函数不会引发异常。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`110289` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2240 +msgid "" +"Add the :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function as an alternative to " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` that returns a :term:`strong reference` or " +"``NULL`` if the referent is no longer live. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :gh:`105927`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` 函数作为 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` 的替代，它将返回一个 " +":term:`strong reference` 或是在引用对象不再存活时返回 ``NULL``。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`105927` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2246 +msgid "Add fixed variants of functions which silently ignore errors:" +msgstr "增加了静默地忽略错误的函数的已修正变体形式：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2248 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError` 替代 :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2249 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrStringWithError` replaces " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrStringWithError` 替代 " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2251 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError` replaces :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError` 替代 :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2252 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyStringWithError` replaces " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyStringWithError` 替代 " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2255 +msgid "" +"The new functions return ``-1`` for errors and the standard ``1`` for true " +"and ``0`` for false." +msgstr "这些新函数将返回 ``-1`` 表示错误而返回标准的 ``1`` 表示真值以及 ``0`` 表示假值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2258 +msgid "(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`108511`.)" +msgstr "（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`108511` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2262 +msgid "Changed C APIs" +msgstr "被改变的 C API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2264 +msgid "" +"The *keywords* parameter of :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` and " +":c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords` now has type :c:expr:`char * const " +"*` in C and :c:expr:`const char * const *` in C++, instead of :c:expr:`char " +"**`. In C++, this makes these functions compatible with arguments of type " +":c:expr:`const char * const *`, :c:expr:`const char **`, or :c:expr:`char * " +"const *` without an explicit type cast. In C, the functions only support " +"arguments of type :c:expr:`char * const *`. This can be overridden with the " +":c:macro:`PY_CXX_CONST` macro. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`65210`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 和 " +":c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords` 的 *keywords* 形参类型在 C 中为 " +":c:expr:`char * const *` 而在 C++ 中为 :c:expr:`const char * const *`，而不是 " +":c:expr:`char **`。 在 C++ 中，这将使这些函数与类型为 :c:expr:`const char * const *`, " +":c:expr:`const char **` 或 :c:expr:`char * const *` 的参数保持兼容而不必使用显式的类型转换。 在 C " +"中，这些函数仅支持类型为 :c:expr:`char * const *` 的参数。 这可以通过 :c:macro:`PY_CXX_CONST` " +"宏来覆盖。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`65210` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2276 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` now supports non-ASCII keyword " +"parameter names. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`110815`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 支持非 ASCII 关键字形参名称。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :gh:`110815` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2280 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyCode_GetFirstFree` function is now unstable API and is now " +"named :c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree`. (Contributed by Bogdan " +"Romanyuk in :gh:`115781`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`!PyCode_GetFirstFree` 函数属于非稳定 API 并被命名为 " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree`。 （由 Bogdan Romanyuk 在 :gh:`115781` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2284 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`, " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`, :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`, :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`, and " +":c:func:`PySys_GetObject` functions, each of which clears all errors which " +"occurred when calling them now reports these errors using " +":func:`sys.unraisablehook`. You may replace them with other functions as " +"recommended in the documentation. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`106672`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当调用 :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`, " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`, :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`, :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString` 和 " +":c:func:`PySys_GetObject` 等函数时如果使用 :func:`sys.unraisablehook` " +"报告这些错误它们将清空所有已发生的错误。 你可以用本文档中推荐的其他函数来替换它们。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":gh:`106672` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2293 +msgid "" +"Add support for the ``%T``, ``%#T``, ``%N`` and ``%#N`` formats to " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`:" +msgstr "" +"为 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 增加了 ``%T``, ``%#T``, ``%N`` 和 ``%#N`` " +"格式的支持：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2296 +msgid "``%T``: Get the fully qualified name of an object type" +msgstr "``%T``: 获取一个对象类型的完整限定名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2297 +msgid "``%#T``: As above, but use a colon as the separator" +msgstr "``%#T``: 同上，但使用冒号作为分隔符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2298 +msgid "``%N``: Get the fully qualified name of a type" +msgstr "``%N``: 获取一个类型的完整限定名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2299 +msgid "``%#N``: As above, but use a colon as the separator" +msgstr "``%#N``: 同上，但使用冒号作为分隔符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2301 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`737` for more information. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`111696`.)" +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`737` 了解详情。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`111696` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2304 +msgid "" +"You no longer have to define the ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` macro before including" +" :file:`Python.h` when using ``#`` formats in :ref:`format codes `. APIs accepting the format codes always use " +"``Py_ssize_t`` for ``#`` formats. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":gh:`104922`.)" +msgstr "" +"当在 :ref:`格式编解码器 ` 中使用 ``#`` 时包括 " +":file:`Python.h` 之前你不必再定义 ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` 宏。 接受格式编解码器的 API 总是会使用 " +"``Py_ssize_t`` 作为 ``#`` 格式。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :gh:`104922` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2310 +msgid "" +"If Python is built in :ref:`debug mode ` or :option:`with " +"assertions <--with-assertions>`, :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` and " +":c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM` now check the index argument with an assertion. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106168`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 Python 是使用 :ref:`调试模式 ` 或 :option:`附带断言 <--with-assertions>`" +" 构建的，:c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` 和 :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM` 现在将通过一个断言来检查 " +"index 参数。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`106168` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2318 +msgid "Limited C API Changes" +msgstr "受限 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2320 +msgid "The following functions are now included in the Limited C API:" +msgstr "下列函数现在被包括在受限 C API 中：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2322 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2323 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2324 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2325 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2326 +msgid ":c:func:`PySys_Audit`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PySys_Audit`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2327 +msgid ":c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2328 +msgid ":c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2330 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`, :gh:`85283`, and " +":gh:`116936`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`85283`, :gh:`85283` 和 :gh:`116936` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2332 +msgid "" +"Python built with :option:`--with-trace-refs` (tracing references) now " +"supports the :ref:`Limited API `. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :gh:`108634`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用 :option:`--with-trace-refs` (跟踪引用) 构建的 Python 现在支持 :ref:`受限 API `。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`108634` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2338 +msgid "Removed C APIs" +msgstr "被移除的 C API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2340 +msgid "" +"Remove several functions, macros, variables, etc with names prefixed by " +"``_Py`` or ``_PY`` (which are considered private). If your project is " +"affected by one of these removals and you believe that the removed API " +"should remain available, please :ref:`open a new issue ` " +"to request a public C API and add ``cc: @vstinner`` to the issue to notify " +"Victor Stinner. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106320`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了一些名称带有 ``_Py`` 或 ``_PY`` 前缀（即被视为私有）的函数、宏和变量。 如果你的项目受到了此项修改的影响并且你认为这些被移除的 " +"API 应当保持可用，请 :ref:`发起一个新事项 ` 以请求提供公有 C API 并向该事项添加 ``cc: " +"@vstinner`` 来通知 Victor Stinner。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`106320` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2348 +msgid "" +"Remove old buffer protocols deprecated in Python 3.0. Use " +":ref:`bufferobjects` instead." +msgstr "移除在 Python 3.0 中已弃用的旧缓冲区协议。 改用 :ref:`bufferobjects`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2351 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_CheckReadBuffer`: Use :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` to " +"test whether the object supports the buffer protocol. Note that " +":c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` doesn't guarantee that " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` will succeed. To test if the object is actually" +" readable, see the next example of :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_CheckReadBuffer`: 使用 :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` " +"来测试对象是否支持缓冲区协议。 请注意 :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` 并不保证 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 会成功。 要测试对象是否确实可读，参见下面的 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 示例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2359 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_AsCharBuffer`, :c:func:`!PyObject_AsReadBuffer`: Use " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` instead:" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_AsCharBuffer`, :c:func:`!PyObject_AsReadBuffer`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 和 :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2362 +msgid "" +"Py_buffer view;\n" +"if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) < 0) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// Use `view.buf` and `view.len` to read from the buffer.\n" +"// You may need to cast buf as `(const char*)view.buf`.\n" +"PyBuffer_Release(&view);" +msgstr "" +"Py_buffer view;\n" +"if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) < 0) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// 使用 `view.buf` 和 `view.len` 从缓冲区读取。\n" +"// 你可能需要将 buf 转换为 `(const char*)view.buf`。\n" +"PyBuffer_Release(&view);" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2372 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_AsWriteBuffer`: Use :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` and " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release` instead:" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_AsWriteBuffer`: 改用 :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` 和 " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2375 +msgid "" +"Py_buffer view;\n" +"if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// Use `view.buf` and `view.len` to write to the buffer.\n" +"PyBuffer_Release(&view);" +msgstr "" +"Py_buffer view;\n" +"if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &view, PyBUF_WRITABLE) < 0) {\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"}\n" +"// 使用 `view.buf` 和 `view.len` 向缓冲区写入。\n" +"PyBuffer_Release(&view);" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2384 +msgid "(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`85275`.)" +msgstr "（由 Inada Naoki 在 :gh:`85275` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2386 +msgid "Remove various functions deprecated in Python 3.9:" +msgstr "删除了在 Python 3.9 中弃用的各种函数：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2388 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject`, :c:func:`!PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords`: Use " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` or :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject`, :c:func:`!PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_Call`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2393 +msgid "" +"In :c:func:`PyObject_Call`, positional arguments must be a :class:`tuple` " +"and must not be ``NULL``, and keyword arguments must be a :class:`dict` or " +"``NULL``, whereas the removed functions checked argument types and accepted " +"``NULL`` positional and keyword arguments. To replace " +"``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(func, NULL, kwargs)`` with " +":c:func:`PyObject_Call`, pass an empty tuple as positional arguments using " +":c:func:`PyTuple_New(0) `." +msgstr "" +"在 :c:func:`PyObject_Call` 中，位置参数必须是 :class:`tuple` 且不可为 ``NULL``，而关键字参数必须是 " +":class:`dict` 或 ``NULL``，但是被移除的函数会检查参数类型且接受 ``NULL`` 位置参数和关键字参数。 要将 " +"``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(func, NULL, kwargs)`` 替换为 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Call`，请使用 :c:func:`PyTuple_New(0) ` " +"传入一个空元组作为位置参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2403 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_CallFunction`: Use :c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyEval_CallFunction`: 改用 :c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2405 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_CallMethod`: Use :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyEval_CallMethod`: 改用 :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2407 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyCFunction_Call`: Use :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyCFunction_Call`: 改用 :c:func:`PyObject_Call`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2410 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105107`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105107` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2412 +msgid "" +"Remove the following old functions to configure the Python initialization, " +"deprecated in Python 3.11:" +msgstr "移除了下列用于配置 Python 初始化的旧函数，它们在 Python 3.11 中已被弃用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2415 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2417 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2419 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2421 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2423 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PySys_SetPath`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PySys_SetPath`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2425 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetPath`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPath`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2427 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`: Set " +":c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_encoding` instead, and set also maybe " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` (on Windows)." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`: 改为设置 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_encoding`，或者也可以设置 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` (在 Windows 上)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2430 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.executable` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.executable`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2433 +msgid "" +"Use the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization " +"Configuration ` instead (:pep:`587`), added to Python 3.8. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)" +msgstr "" +"改用新的 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 ` 的 :c:type:`PyConfig` API " +"(:pep:`587`)，在 Python 3.8 已添加。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105145` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2437 +msgid "" +"Remove :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` and :c:func:`!PyEval_ReleaseLock` " +"functions, deprecated in Python 3.2. They didn't update the current thread " +"state. They can be replaced with:" +msgstr "" +"移除 :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` 和 :c:func:`!PyEval_ReleaseLock` 函数，它们在 " +"Python 3.2 中已被弃用。 它们不会更新当前线程状态。 它们可被替换为：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2442 +msgid ":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` 和 :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2443 +msgid "" +"low-level :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;" +msgstr "低层级的 :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireThread` 和 :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2444 +msgid "or :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`." +msgstr "或者 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 和 :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2446 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105182` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2448 +msgid "" +"Remove the :c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` function, deprecated in " +"Python 3.9. Since Python 3.7, :c:func:`!Py_Initialize` always creates the " +"GIL: calling :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` does nothing and " +":c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` always returns non-zero. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)" +msgstr "" +"删除了在 Python 3.9 弃用的:c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` 函数。自Python 3.7 " +"起，:c:func:`!Py_Initialize` 总是创建全局解释器锁 ：调用:c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` " +"不做任何事情，而:c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` 总返回非零值。(由 Victor Stinner " +"在:gh:`105182` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2455 +msgid "" +"Remove the :c:func:`!_PyInterpreterState_Get` alias to " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()` which was kept for backward compatibility" +" with Python 3.8. The `pythoncapi-compat project`_ can be used to get " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()` on Python 3.8 and older. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :gh:`106320`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()` 的别名 " +":c:func:`!_PyInterpreterState_Get`，它曾经因要向下兼容 Python 3.8 而被保留。 在 Python 3.8 " +"及更旧版本中可以使用 `pythoncapi-compat project`_ 来获得 " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`106320` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2462 +msgid "" +"Remove the private :c:func:`!_PyObject_FastCall` function: use " +":c:func:`!PyObject_Vectorcall` which is available since Python 3.8 " +"(:pep:`590`). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106023`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了私有的 :c:func:`!_PyObject_FastCall` 函数：请使用自 Python 3.8 起增加的 " +":c:func:`!PyObject_Vectorcall` (:pep:`590`)。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`106023` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2467 +msgid "" +"Remove the ``cpython/pytime.h`` header file, which only contained private " +"functions. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`106316`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``cpython/pytime.h`` 头文件，它仅包含私有函数。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`106316` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2471 +msgid "" +"Remove the undocumented ``PY_TIMEOUT_MAX`` constant from the limited C API. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`110014`.)" +msgstr "" +"从受限 C API 移除了未写入文档的 ``PY_TIMEOUT_MAX`` 常量。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`110014` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2474 +msgid "" +"Remove the old trashcan macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN`` and " +"``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``. Replace both with the new macros " +"``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` and ``Py_TRASHCAN_END``. (Contributed by Irit Katriel " +"in :gh:`105111`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了旧的 trashcan 宏 ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN`` 和 ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``。 " +"将两者替换为新的宏 ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` 和 ``Py_TRASHCAN_END``。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 " +":gh:`105111` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2481 +msgid "Deprecated C APIs" +msgstr "已弃用的 C API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2483 +msgid "Deprecate old Python initialization functions:" +msgstr "已弃用旧的 Python 初始化函数：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2485 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: Clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and " +":data:`!warnings.filters` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: 改为清除 :data:`sys.warnoptions` 和 " +":data:`!warnings.filters`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2487 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2489 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: Get :data:`sys.path` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.path`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2491 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.prefix` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.prefix`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2493 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:21 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2495 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:23 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: Get :data:`sys.executable` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.executable`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2497 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: Get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: 改为获取 :c:member:`PyConfig.home` 或 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2501 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105145` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2503 +msgid "" +":term:`Soft deprecate ` the :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`, " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals`, and :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` functions, which" +" return a :term:`borrowed reference`. (Soft deprecated as part of " +":pep:`667`.)" +msgstr "" +":term:`软弃用 ` :c:func:`PyEval_GetBuiltins`, " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetGlobals` 和 :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` 函数，它们会返回 " +":term:`borrowed reference`。 （作为 :pep:`667` 的一部分被软弃用。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2509 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` function, which is just" +" an alias to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` since Python 3.3. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105396`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了 :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` 函数，它自 Python 3.3 起就只是 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` 的别名。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105396` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2513 +msgid "" +":term:`Soft deprecate ` the :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` " +"function. It should be replaced with :c:func:`PyModule_Add` or " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":gh:`86493`.)" +msgstr "" +":term:`软弃用 ` :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` 函数。 它应被替换为 " +":c:func:`PyModule_Add` 或 :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :gh:`86493` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2519 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the old ``Py_UNICODE`` and ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` types and the " +":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` define. Use the :c:type:`wchar_t` type directly " +"instead. Since Python 3.3, ``Py_UNICODE`` and ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` are just " +"aliases to :c:type:`!wchar_t`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`105156`.)" +msgstr "" +"软弃用旧的 ``Py_UNICODE`` 和 ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` 类型和 :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` " +"定义。 改为直接使用 :c:type:`wchar_t` 类型。 自 Python 3.3 起，``Py_UNICODE`` 和 " +"``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` 就只是 :c:type:`!wchar_t` 的别名。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`105156` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2526 +msgid "" +"Deprecate the :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` functions, which return a :term:`borrowed " +"reference`. Replace them with the new :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function, " +"which returns a :term:`strong reference`. The `pythoncapi-compat project`_ " +"can be used to get :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` on Python 3.12 and older. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105927`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` 和 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` 函数，它们都是返回 " +":term:`borrowed reference`。 将它们替换为新的 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` 函数，它是返回 " +":term:`strong reference`。 在 Python 3.12 或更旧的版本中可以使用 `pythoncapi-compat " +"project`_ 来获取 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`105927` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The ``ma_version_tag`` field in :c:type:`PyDictObject` for extension modules" +" (:pep:`699`; :gh:`101193`)." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyDictObject` 中的 ``ma_version_tag`` 字段用于扩展模块 ( :pep:`699` ; " +":gh:`101193` )。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:7 +msgid "" +"Creating :c:data:`immutable types ` with mutable " +"bases (:gh:`95388`)." +msgstr "" +"创建 :c:data:`immutable types` 的可变基础 ( :gh:`95388` " +")。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:10 +msgid "" +"Functions to configure Python's initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:" +msgstr "用于配置 Python 的初始化的函数，在 Python 3.11 中已弃用：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:12 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:14 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:16 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:18 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: Set :c:member:`PyConfig.home` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome()`: 改为设置 :c:member:`PyConfig.home`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:21 +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:71 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be used with " +":c:type:`PyConfig` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API 应与 :c:type:`PyConfig` 一起使用。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:24 +msgid "Global configuration variables:" +msgstr "全局配置变量：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:26 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_DebugFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.parser_debug`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:28 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_VerboseFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.verbose`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:30 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_QuietFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.quiet`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:32 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InteractiveFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.interactive`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:34 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_InspectFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.inspect`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:36 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_OptimizeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.optimization_level`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:38 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_NoSiteFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.site_import`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_BytesWarningFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.bytes_warning`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_FrozenFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.write_bytecode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_NoUserSiteDirectory`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.user_site_directory`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:50 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.buffered_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:52 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` " +"and :c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_HashRandomizationFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_hash_seed` 和 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.hash_seed`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:55 +msgid ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: Use :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated` instead." +msgstr ":c:var:`Py_IsolatedFlag`: 改用 :c:member:`PyConfig.isolated`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:57 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:59 +msgid "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:61 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:63 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_encoding`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:65 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: Use " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`: 改用 " +":c:member:`PyConfig.filesystem_errors`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.14.rst:67 +msgid "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: Use :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` instead. (see " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" +msgstr "" +":c:var:`!Py_UTF8Mode`: 改用 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`。 (参见 " +":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`)" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:4 +msgid "The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal``." +msgstr "捆绑的 ``libmpdecimal`` 副本。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:5 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: Use " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` instead." +msgstr "" +"The :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:7 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: Use " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` 和 :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT`: 改用 " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:9 +msgid "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and the :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` macro: Use " +":c:type:`wchar_t` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` 类型和 :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_WIDE` 宏：改用 :c:type:`wchar_t`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:11 +msgid "Python initialization functions:" +msgstr "Python 初始化函数" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` and " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_exec_prefix` 和 " +":data:`sys.exec_prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-3.15.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: Get :data:`sys.base_prefix` and :data:`sys.prefix` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: 改为获取 :data:`sys.base_prefix` 和 :data:`sys.prefix`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:4 +msgid "" +"The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there is " +"currently no date scheduled for their removal." +msgstr "以下 API 已被弃用，将被移除，但目前尚未确定移除日期。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:7 +msgid ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: Unneeded since Python 3.8." +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE`: 自 Python 3.8 起不再需要。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:9 +msgid ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:11 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:13 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyErr_Restore`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:15 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: Use :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyModule_GetFilename`: 改用 :c:func:`PyModule_GetFilenameObject`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:17 +msgid ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: Use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork`: 改用 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:19 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: Use :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices` instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx`: 改用 :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:21 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:23 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Decode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:25 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:27 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: Use :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode`: 改用 :c:func:`PyCodec_Encode`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:29 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: Unneeded since Python 3.12" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_READY`: 自 Python 3.12 起不再需要" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:31 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: Use :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyErr_Display`: 改用 :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:33 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: Use :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions`: 改用 :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainExceptions1`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:35 +msgid "" +":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` member: call :c:func:`PyObject_Hash` " +"instead." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyBytesObject.ob_shash` 成员：改为调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Hash`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:37 +msgid ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` member." +msgstr ":c:member:`!PyDictObject.ma_version_tag` 成员。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:38 +msgid "Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:" +msgstr "线程本地存储 (TLS) API：" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:40 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_create_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_alloc`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:42 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_free`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:44 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_set`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:46 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get` instead." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_get_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_get`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:48 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: Use :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete` " +"instead." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyThread_delete_key_value`: 改用 :c:func:`PyThread_tss_delete`。" + +#: ../../deprecations/c-api-pending-removal-in-future.rst:50 +msgid ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: Unneeded since Python 3.7." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyThread_ReInitTLS`: 自 Python 3.7 起不再需要。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2546 +msgid "Build Changes" +msgstr "构建变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2548 +msgid "" +"``arm64-apple-ios`` and ``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` are both now :pep:`11`" +" tier 3 platforms. (:ref:`PEP 730 ` written " +"and implementation contributed by Russell Keith-Magee in :gh:`114099`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``arm64-apple-ios`` 和 ``arm64-apple-ios-simulator`` 都是 :pep:`11` 第 3 " +"层级的平台。 (:ref:`PEP 730 ` 由 Russell Keith-Magee " +"编写并在 :gh:`114099` 中贡献实现。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2553 +msgid "" +"``aarch64-linux-android`` and ``x86_64-linux-android`` are both now " +":pep:`11` tier 3 platforms. (:ref:`PEP 738 ` " +"written and implementation contributed by Malcolm Smith in :gh:`116622`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``aarch64-linux-android`` 和 ``x86_64-linux-android`` 都是 :pep:`11` 第 3 " +"层级的平台。 (:ref:`PEP 738 ` 由 Malcolm Smith 编写并在 " +":gh:`116622` 中贡献实现。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2558 +msgid "" +"``wasm32-wasi`` is now a :pep:`11` tier 2 platform. (Contributed by Brett " +"Cannon in :gh:`115192`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``wasm32-wasi`` 是 :pep:`11` 第 2 层级的平台。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :gh:`115192` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2561 +msgid "" +"``wasm32-emscripten`` is no longer a :pep:`11` supported platform. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :gh:`115192`.)" +msgstr "" +"``wasm32-emscripten`` 不再是 :pep:`11` 的受支持平台。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :gh:`115192` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2564 +msgid "" +"Building CPython now requires a compiler with support for the C11 atomic " +"library, GCC built-in atomic functions, or MSVC interlocked intrinsics." +msgstr "现在构建 CPython 需要带有 C11 atomic 库支持的编译器、GCC 内置 atomic 函数或 MSVC 互锁内生函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2567 +msgid "" +"Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.5 are now required to regenerate the " +":file:`configure` script. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`89886` " +"and by Victor Stinner in :gh:`112090`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在需要有 autoconf 2.71 和 aclocal 1.16.5 才能重新生成 :file:`configure` 脚本。 （由 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :gh:`89886` 中并由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`112090` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2571 +msgid "" +"SQLite 3.15.2 or newer is required to build the :mod:`sqlite3` extension " +"module. (Contributed by Erlend Aasland in :gh:`105875`.)" +msgstr "" +"需要 SQLite 3.15.2 或更新的版本才能构建 :mod:`sqlite3` 扩展模块。 （由 Erlend Aasland 在 " +":gh:`105875` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2575 +msgid "" +"CPython now bundles the `mimalloc library`_ by default. It is licensed under" +" the MIT license; see :ref:`mimalloc license `. The " +"bundled mimalloc has custom changes, see :gh:`113141` for details. " +"(Contributed by Dino Viehland in :gh:`109914`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 CPython 默认会捆绑 `mimalloc library`_。 它使用 MIT 许可证提供许可；请参阅 :ref:`mimalloc " +"license `。 捆绑的 mimalloc 带有定制的修改，详情参见 :gh:`113141`。 （由 Dino" +" Viehland 在 :gh:`109914` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2583 +msgid "" +"The :file:`configure` option :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` now defaults " +"to ``yes``. The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal`` will be removed in Python " +"3.15." +msgstr "" +"现在 :file:`configure` 选项 :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` 默认为 ``yes``。 捆绑的 " +"``libmpdecimal`` 副本将在 Python 3.15 中被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2587 +msgid "" +"Python built with :file:`configure` :option:`--with-trace-refs` (tracing " +"references) is now ABI compatible with the Python release build and " +":ref:`debug build `. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`108634`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用 :file:`configure` :option:`--with-trace-refs` (跟踪引用) 构建的 Python 现在与 " +"Python 发布构建版和 :ref:`调试构建版 ` 是 ABI 兼容的。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":gh:`108634` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2592 +msgid "" +"On POSIX systems, the pkg-config (``.pc``) filenames now include the ABI " +"flags. For example, the free-threaded build generates ``python-3.13t.pc`` " +"and the debug build generates ``python-3.13d.pc``." +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 系统上，pkg-config (``.pc``) 文件名现在会包括 ABI 旗标。 例如，自由线程构建版将生成 " +"``python-3.13t.pc`` 而调试构建版将生成 ``python-3.13d.pc``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2596 +msgid "" +"The ``errno``, ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``md5``, ``pwd``, ``resource``, " +"``termios``, ``winsound``, ``_ctypes_test``, " +"``_multiprocessing.posixshmem``, ``_scproxy``, ``_stat``, ``_statistics``, " +"``_testconsole``, ``_testimportmultiple`` and ``_uuid`` C extensions are now" +" built with the :ref:`limited C API `. (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``errno``, ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``md5``, ``pwd``, ``resource``, " +"``termios``, ``winsound``, ``_ctypes_test``, " +"``_multiprocessing.posixshmem``, ``_scproxy``, ``_stat``, ``_statistics``, " +"``_testconsole``, ``_testimportmultiple`` 和 ``_uuid`` C 扩展是使用 :ref:`受限 C API" +" ` 构建的。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`85283` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2605 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.13" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.13" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2607 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2611 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2615 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 667 ` introduces several changes to " +"the semantics of :func:`locals` and :attr:`f_locals `:" +msgstr "" +":ref:`PEP 667 ` 引入了对 :func:`locals` 和 " +":attr:`f_locals ` 语义的多项更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2618 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`locals` in an :term:`optimized scope` now produces an " +"independent snapshot on each call, and hence no longer implicitly updates " +"previously returned references. Obtaining the legacy CPython behavior now " +"requires explicit calls to update the initially returned dictionary with the" +" results of subsequent calls to :func:`!locals`. Code execution functions " +"that implicitly target :func:`!locals` (such as ``exec`` and ``eval``) must " +"be passed an explicit namespace to access their results in an optimized " +"scope. (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :term:`optimized scope` 中调用 :func:`locals` " +"时，每次调用都会生成一个独立的快照，因此不再隐式更新之前返回的引用。要获得以往版本 CPython " +"的行为，现需显式调用以使用后来调用:func:`!locals`得到的结果来更新初次调用返回的字典。隐式使用 :func:`!locals` " +"的代码执行函数（如 ``exec`` 和 ``eval``）必须传入一个显式命名空间，才能在已优化的作用域中访问其结果。（此更改为 :pep:`667`" +" 的一部分。） " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2627 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`locals` from a comprehension at module or class scope " +"(including via ``exec`` or ``eval``) once more behaves as if the " +"comprehension were running as an independent nested function (i.e. the local" +" variables from the containing scope are not included). In Python 3.12, this" +" had changed to include the local variables from the containing scope when " +"implementing :pep:`709`. (Changed as part of :pep:`667`.)" +msgstr "" +"从模块作用域或类作用域的推导式中调用 :func:`locals`（包括 ``exec`` 或 ``eval`` " +"导致的间接调用）时，行为再次表现得像是推导式作为独立的嵌套函数运行（即不包含外部作用域的局部变量）。在 Python 3.12 中，此场景下的行为曾按照" +" :pep:`709` 更改为包含存放推导式的作用域的局部变量。（此更改为 :pep:`667` 的一部分。） " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2634 +msgid "" +"Accessing :attr:`FrameType.f_locals ` in an :term:`optimized" +" scope` now returns a write-through proxy rather than a snapshot that gets " +"updated at ill-specified times. If a snapshot is desired, it must be created" +" explicitly with ``dict`` or the proxy's ``.copy()`` method. (Changed as " +"part of :pep:`667`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :term:`optimized scope` 中访问 :attr:`FrameType.f_locals ` " +"现在会返回一个写入代理，而不是一个在不明确时间更新的快照。如果需要快照，必须使用 ``dict`` 或该代理的 ``.copy()`` " +"方法显式地创建。（此修改是 :pep:`667` 的一部分。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2640 +msgid "" +":class:`functools.partial` now emits a :exc:`FutureWarning` when used as a " +"method. The behavior will change in future Python versions. Wrap it in " +":func:`staticmethod` if you want to preserve the old behavior. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`121027`.)" +msgstr "" +"当作为方法使用时，:class:`functools.partial` 现在会发出 :exc:`FutureWarning`。该行为将在 Python " +"的未来版本中更改。如果想保留旧行为，请将其包装在 :func:`staticmethod` 中。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":gh:`121027` 贡献。） " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2646 +msgid "" +"An :exc:`OSError` is now raised by :func:`getpass.getuser` for any failure " +"to retrieve a username, instead of :exc:`ImportError` on non-Unix platforms " +"or :exc:`KeyError` on Unix platforms where the password database is empty." +msgstr "" +"现在当无法获取到用户名时 :func:`getpass.getuser` 将会引发 :exc:`OSError`，而不是在非 Unix 平台上引发 " +":exc:`ImportError` 或因密码数据库为空在 Unix 平台上引发 :exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2651 +msgid "" +"The value of the :attr:`!mode` attribute of :class:`gzip.GzipFile` is now a " +"string (``'rb'`` or ``'wb'``) instead of an integer (``1`` or ``2``). The " +"value of the :attr:`!mode` attribute of the readable file-like object " +"returned by :meth:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` is now ``'rb'`` instead of ``'r'``." +" (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`115961`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`gzip.GzipFile` 的 :attr:`!mode` 属性值现在是字符串（``'rb'`` 或 " +"``'wb'``）而不是整数（``1`` 或 ``2``）。:meth:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` 返回的可读文件型对象的 " +":attr:`!mode` 属性值现在是 ``'rb'``，而非 ``'r'``。（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :gh:`115961` " +"贡献。） " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2657 +msgid "" +":class:`mailbox.Maildir` now ignores files with a leading dot (``.``). " +"(Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :gh:`65559`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`mailbox.Maildir` 现在会忽略以点（``.``）开头的文件。（由 Zackery Spytz 在 :gh:`65559` " +"贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2660 +msgid "" +":meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` now return both " +"files and directories if a pattern that ends with \"``**``\" is given, " +"rather than directories only. Add a trailing slash to keep the previous " +"behavior and only match directories." +msgstr "" +":meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` 和 :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` " +"现在会在匹配模式以“``**``”结尾时同时返回文件和目录，而不仅仅是目录。若要保持之前的行为，仅匹配目录，请添加尾部斜杠。 " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2665 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module now expects the :mod:`!_thread` module to have " +"an :func:`!_is_main_interpreter` function. This function takes no arguments " +"and returns ``True`` if the current interpreter is the main interpreter." +msgstr "" +":mod:`threading` 模块现在期望 :mod:`!_thread` 模块具有 :func:`!_is_main_interpreter` " +"函数。该函数不接受任何参数，如果当前解释器是主解释器，则返回 ``True``。 " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2670 +msgid "" +"Any library or application that provides a custom :mod:`!_thread` module " +"must provide :func:`!_is_main_interpreter`, just like the module's other " +"\"private\" attributes. (:gh:`112826`.)" +msgstr "" +"与模块的其他“私有”属性一样，任何提供自定义 :mod:`!_thread` 模块的库或应用都必须提供 " +":func:`!_is_main_interpreter`。（:gh:`112826`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2677 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2679 +msgid "" +"``Python.h`` no longer includes the ```` standard header. It was " +"included for the :c:func:`!finite` function which is now provided by the " +"```` header. It should now be included explicitly if needed. Remove " +"also the ``HAVE_IEEEFP_H`` macro. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":gh:`108765`.)" +msgstr "" +"``Python.h`` 不再包括 ```` 标准头文件。 它曾经为了 :c:func:`!finite` " +"函数被包括，该函数现在是由 ```` 头文件提供的。 现在如有必要应当显式地包括它。 此外还移除了 ``HAVE_IEEEFP_H`` " +"宏。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`108765` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2685 +msgid "" +"``Python.h`` no longer includes these standard header files: ````, " +"```` and ````. If needed, they should now be " +"included explicitly. For example, ```` provides the :c:func:`!clock`" +" and :c:func:`!gmtime` functions, ```` provides the " +":c:func:`!select` function, and ```` provides the " +":c:func:`!futimes`, :c:func:`!gettimeofday` and :c:func:`!setitimer` " +"functions. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108765`.)" +msgstr "" +"``Python.h`` 不再包括这些标准头文件: ````, ```` 和 " +"````。 如果需要，它们应当被显式地包括。 例如，```` 提供 :c:func:`!clock` 和 " +":c:func:`!gmtime` 函数，```` 提供 :c:func:`!select` 函数，而 " +"```` 提供 the :c:func:`!futimes`, :c:func:`!gettimeofday` 和 " +":c:func:`!setitimer` 函数。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`108765` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2693 +msgid "" +"On Windows, ``Python.h`` no longer includes the ```` standard " +"header file. If needed, it should now be included explicitly. For example, " +"it provides :c:func:`!offsetof` function, and ``size_t`` and ``ptrdiff_t`` " +"types. Including ```` explicitly was already needed by all other " +"platforms, the ``HAVE_STDDEF_H`` macro is only defined on Windows. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`108765`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，``Python.h`` 不再包括 ```` 标准头文件。 如果需要，它应当被显式地包括。 例如，它提供 " +":c:func:`!offsetof` 函数，以及 ``size_t`` 和 ``ptrdiff_t`` 类型。 显式地包括 " +"```` 在所有其他平台都已经是必须的，``HAVE_STDDEF_H`` 宏仅在 Windows 上被定义。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :gh:`108765` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2700 +msgid "" +"If the :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` macro is defined, " +":c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE`, :c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN` and " +":c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE` macros are now undefined by ````." +" (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` 宏已被定义，则 :c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE`, " +":c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN` 和 :c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE` 宏现在会被 " +"```` 撤销定义。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :gh:`85283` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2705 +msgid "" +"The old trashcan macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN`` and " +"``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END`` were removed. They should be replaced by the new " +"macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` and ``Py_TRASHCAN_END``." +msgstr "" +"旧的 trashcan 宏 ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN`` 和 ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END`` 已被移除。 " +"它们应该被替换为新的宏 ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` 和 ``Py_TRASHCAN_END``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2709 +msgid "A ``tp_dealloc`` function that has the old macros, such as::" +msgstr "带有旧版宏的 ``tp_dealloc`` 函数，例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2711 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p);\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p);\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END\n" +"}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2720 +msgid "should migrate to the new macros as follows::" +msgstr "应当按照以下方式迁移到新版宏::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2722 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(p, mytype_dealloc)\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_END\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)\n" +"{\n" +" PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(p, mytype_dealloc)\n" +" ...\n" +" Py_TRASHCAN_END\n" +"}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2731 +msgid "" +"Note that ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` has a second argument which should be the " +"deallocation function it is in. The new macros were added in Python 3.8 and " +"the old macros were deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Irit Katriel " +"in :gh:`105111`.)" +msgstr "" +"请注意 ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` 具有第二个参数，其值应为它所在的析构函数。 这些新宏是在 Python 3.8 中添加而旧的宏是在 " +"Python 3.11 中弃用的。 （由 Irit Katriel 在 :gh:`105111` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2738 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 667 ` introduces several changes to " +"frame-related functions:" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 667 ` 引入了对帧相关函数的多项更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2741 +msgid "" +"The effects of mutating the dictionary returned from " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` in an :term:`optimized scope` have changed. New " +"dict entries added this way will now *only* be visible to subsequent " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` calls in that frame, as " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`, :func:`locals`, and :attr:`FrameType.f_locals " +"` no longer access the same underlying cached dictionary. " +"Changes made to entries for actual variable names and names added via the " +"write-through proxy interfaces will be overwritten on subsequent calls to " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` in that frame. The recommended code update " +"depends on how the function was being used, so refer to the deprecation " +"notice on the function for details." +msgstr "" +"在一个 :term:`optimized scope` 中修改从 :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` 的字典的效果已被改变。 " +"以这种方式新加的字典条目现在将 *仅对* 该帧内的后续 :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` 调用是可见的，因为 " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`, :func:`locals` 和 :attr:`FrameType.f_locals " +"` 不会再访问相同的底层已缓存字典。 针对实际变量名称所做的条目修改和通过直通写入代理接口添加的名称在该帧内对 " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` 的后续调用中被覆盖。 推荐的代码更新取决于该函数是如何被使用的，因此请参考函数的弃用通知了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2754 +msgid "" +"Calling :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` in an :term:`optimized scope` now " +"returns a write-through proxy rather than a snapshot that gets updated at " +"ill-specified times. If a snapshot is desired, it must be created explicitly" +" (e.g. with :c:func:`PyDict_Copy`), or by calling the new " +":c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` API." +msgstr "" +"在 :term:`optimized scope` 中调用 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` " +"现在将返回一个直通写入代理而不是一个在不明确的时刻更新的快照。 如果需要快照，必须显式地创建它 (例如使用 " +":c:func:`PyDict_Copy`)，或是通过调用新的 :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrameLocals` API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2761 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocals` and :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError`" +" no longer have any effect. Calling these functions has been redundant since" +" Python 3.11, when :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` was first introduced." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocals` 和 :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError` " +"将不再有任何效果。 自 Python 3.11 起调用这些函数是多余的，因为该版本首次引入了 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2766 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyFrame_LocalsToFast` no longer has any effect. Calling this " +"function is redundant now that :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` returns a write-" +"through proxy for :term:`optimized scopes `." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyFrame_LocalsToFast` 将不再有任何效果。 现在调用此函数是多余的因为 " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` 将为 :term:`已优化作用域 ` 返回一个直通写入代理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2770 +msgid "" +"Python 3.13 removed many private functions. Some of them can be replaced " +"using these alternatives:" +msgstr "Python 3.13 移除了许多私有函数。其中一些可以用下列的替代：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2773 +msgid "``_PyDict_Pop()``: :c:func:`PyDict_Pop` or :c:func:`PyDict_PopString`;" +msgstr "``_PyDict_Pop()``: :c:func:`PyDict_Pop` 或 :c:func:`PyDict_PopString`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2774 +msgid "``_PyDict_GetItemWithError()``: :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`;" +msgstr "``_PyDict_GetItemWithError()``：:c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2775 +msgid "``_PyErr_WriteUnraisableMsg()``: :c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable`;" +msgstr "``_PyErr_WriteUnraisableMsg()``：:c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2776 +msgid "" +"``_PyEval_SetTrace()``: :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` or " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetTraceAllThreads`;" +msgstr "" +"``_PyEval_SetTrace()``: :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` 或 " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetTraceAllThreads`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2777 +msgid "``_PyList_Extend()``: :c:func:`PyList_Extend`;" +msgstr "``_PyList_Extend()``：:c:func:`PyList_Extend`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2778 +msgid "``_PyLong_AsInt()``: :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt`;" +msgstr "``_PyLong_AsInt()``：:c:func:`PyLong_AsInt`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2779 +msgid "``_PyMem_RawStrdup()``: ``strdup()``;" +msgstr "``_PyMem_RawStrdup()``：``strdup()``；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2780 +msgid "``_PyMem_Strdup()``: ``strdup()``;" +msgstr "``_PyMem_Strdup()``：``strdup()``；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2781 +msgid "``_PyObject_ClearManagedDict()``: :c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict`;" +msgstr "``_PyObject_ClearManagedDict()``：:c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2782 +msgid "``_PyObject_VisitManagedDict()``: :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict`;" +msgstr "``_PyObject_VisitManagedDict()``：:c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2783 +msgid "" +"``_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()``: :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()`;" +msgstr "" +"``_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()``：:c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2784 +msgid "``_PyTime_AsSecondsDouble()``: :c:func:`PyTime_AsSecondsDouble`;" +msgstr "``_PyTime_AsSecondsDouble()``：:c:func:`PyTime_AsSecondsDouble`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2785 +msgid "" +"``_PyTime_GetMonotonicClock()``: :c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic` or " +":c:func:`PyTime_MonotonicRaw`;" +msgstr "" +"``_PyTime_GetMonotonicClock()``: :c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic` 或 " +":c:func:`PyTime_MonotonicRaw`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2786 +msgid "" +"``_PyTime_GetPerfCounter()``: :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter` or " +":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounterRaw`;" +msgstr "" +"``_PyTime_GetPerfCounter()``: :c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter` 或 " +":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounterRaw`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2787 +msgid "" +"``_PyTime_GetSystemClock()``: :c:func:`PyTime_Time` or " +":c:func:`PyTime_TimeRaw`;" +msgstr "" +"``_PyTime_GetSystemClock()``: :c:func:`PyTime_Time` 或 " +":c:func:`PyTime_TimeRaw`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2788 +msgid "``_PyTime_MAX``: :c:var:`PyTime_MAX`;" +msgstr "``_PyTime_MAX``：:c:var:`PyTime_MAX`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2789 +msgid "``_PyTime_MIN``: :c:var:`PyTime_MIN`;" +msgstr "``_PyTime_MIN``：:c:var:`PyTime_MIN`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2790 +msgid "``_PyTime_t``: :c:type:`PyTime_t`;" +msgstr "``_PyTime_t``：:c:type:`PyTime_t`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2791 +msgid "``_Py_HashPointer()``: :c:func:`Py_HashPointer`;" +msgstr "``_Py_HashPointer()``：:c:func:`Py_HashPointer`；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2792 +msgid "``_Py_IsFinalizing()``: :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing`." +msgstr "``_Py_IsFinalizing()``：:c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2794 +msgid "" +"The `pythoncapi-compat project`_ can be used to get most of these new " +"functions on Python 3.12 and older." +msgstr "在 Python 3.12 和更旧的版本中可以使用 `pythoncapi-compat project`_ 来充分利用这些新函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2798 +msgid "Regression Test Changes" +msgstr "回归测试的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2800 +msgid "" +"Python built with :file:`configure` :option:`--with-pydebug` now supports a " +":option:`-X presite=package.module <-X>` command-line option. If used, it " +"specifies a module that should be imported early in the lifecycle of the " +"interpreter, before ``site.py`` is executed. (Contributed by Łukasz Langa in" +" :gh:`110769`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在使用 :file:`configure` :option:`--with-pydebug` 编译的 Python 将支持 :option:`-X " +"presite=package.module <-X>` 命令行选项。 如果被使用，它指明一个模块应当在解释器生命周期开始时，即 ``site.py``" +" 被执行之前被导入。 （由 Łukasz Langa 在 :gh:`110769` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2808 +msgid "Notable changes in 3.13.1" +msgstr "3.13.1 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.13.rst:2813 +msgid "" +"The previously undocumented special function :func:`sys.getobjects`, which " +"only exists in specialized builds of Python, may now return objects from " +"other interpreters than the one it's called in." +msgstr "" +"之前未写入文档的特殊函数 :func:`sys.getobjects`，它仅存在于某些专用的 Python " +"构建版，现在可以从其他解释器而非调用它的解释器返回对象。" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.2.po b/whatsnew/3.2.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e820c0e02 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.2.po @@ -0,0 +1,4485 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# cdarlint , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.2" +msgstr "Python 3.2 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:5 +msgid "Raymond Hettinger" +msgstr "Raymond Hettinger（译者：wh2099 at outlook dot com）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:51 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.2 as compared to 3.1. " +"Python 3.2 was released on February 20, 2011. It focuses on a few highlights" +" and gives a few examples. For full details, see the `Misc/NEWS " +"`__" +" file." +msgstr "" +"这篇文章介绍了 Python 3.2 相比 3.1 新增的特性。 Python 3.2 发布于 2011 年 2 月 20 日。 " +"文章聚焦于几个关键特性并给出了一些示例。 有关完整细节，请参阅 `Misc/NEWS " +"`__" +" 文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:60 +msgid ":pep:`392` - Python 3.2 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`392` - Python 3.2 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:64 +msgid "PEP 384: Defining a Stable ABI" +msgstr "PEP 384: 定义稳定的ABI" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:66 +msgid "" +"In the past, extension modules built for one Python version were often not " +"usable with other Python versions. Particularly on Windows, every feature " +"release of Python required rebuilding all extension modules that one wanted " +"to use. This requirement was the result of the free access to Python " +"interpreter internals that extension modules could use." +msgstr "" +"过去，为一个 Python 版本所构建的扩展模块通常无法用于其他 Python 版本。 特别是在 Windows 上，每一个 Python " +"新特性发布版都必须重新构建想要使用的所有扩展模块。 之所以有这样的要求是因为扩展模块可以任意访问 Python 解释器的内部对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:72 +msgid "" +"With Python 3.2, an alternative approach becomes available: extension " +"modules which restrict themselves to a limited API (by defining " +"Py_LIMITED_API) cannot use many of the internals, but are constrained to a " +"set of API functions that are promised to be stable for several releases. As" +" a consequence, extension modules built for 3.2 in that mode will also work " +"with 3.3, 3.4, and so on. Extension modules that make use of details of " +"memory structures can still be built, but will need to be recompiled for " +"every feature release." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.2 中，则有了一种替代方式：扩展模块将自己约束于一个受限 API（通过定义 " +"Py_LIMITED_API）因而不能使用许多内部对象，仅限使用一组承诺会在多个发布版中保持稳定的 API 函数。 作为其结果，在这种模式下为 3.2 " +"构建的扩展模块也将能在 3.3、3.4 等版本中运行。 使用了内存结构体细节数据的扩展模块仍然可以被构建，但将需要为每个新特性发布版重新编译。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:83 +msgid ":pep:`384` - Defining a Stable ABI" +msgstr ":pep:`384` - 定义稳定的ABI" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:84 +msgid "PEP written by Martin von Löwis." +msgstr "PEP 由 Martin von Löwis 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:88 +msgid "PEP 389: Argparse Command Line Parsing Module" +msgstr "PEP 389: Argparse 命令行解析模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:90 +msgid "" +"A new module for command line parsing, :mod:`argparse`, was introduced to " +"overcome the limitations of :mod:`optparse` which did not provide support " +"for positional arguments (not just options), subcommands, required options " +"and other common patterns of specifying and validating options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:95 +msgid "" +"This module has already had widespread success in the community as a third-" +"party module. Being more fully featured than its predecessor, the " +":mod:`argparse` module is now the preferred module for command-line " +"processing. The older module is still being kept available because of the " +"substantial amount of legacy code that depends on it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:101 +msgid "" +"Here's an annotated example parser showing features like limiting results to" +" a set of choices, specifying a *metavar* in the help screen, validating " +"that one or more positional arguments is present, and making a required " +"option::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:105 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(\n" +" description = 'Manage servers', # main description for help\n" +" epilog = 'Tested on Solaris and Linux') # displayed after help\n" +"parser.add_argument('action', # argument name\n" +" choices = ['deploy', 'start', 'stop'], # three allowed values\n" +" help = 'action on each target') # help msg\n" +"parser.add_argument('targets',\n" +" metavar = 'HOSTNAME', # var name used in help msg\n" +" nargs = '+', # require one or more targets\n" +" help = 'url for target machines') # help msg explanation\n" +"parser.add_argument('-u', '--user', # -u or --user option\n" +" required = True, # make it a required argument\n" +" help = 'login as user')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:120 +msgid "Example of calling the parser on a command string::" +msgstr "在命令字符串中调用解析器的示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:122 +msgid "" +">>> cmd = 'deploy sneezy.example.com sleepy.example.com -u skycaptain'\n" +">>> result = parser.parse_args(cmd.split())\n" +">>> result.action\n" +"'deploy'\n" +">>> result.targets\n" +"['sneezy.example.com', 'sleepy.example.com']\n" +">>> result.user\n" +"'skycaptain'" +msgstr "" +">>> cmd = 'deploy sneezy.example.com sleepy.example.com -u skycaptain'\n" +">>> result = parser.parse_args(cmd.split())\n" +">>> result.action\n" +"'deploy'\n" +">>> result.targets\n" +"['sneezy.example.com', 'sleepy.example.com']\n" +">>> result.user\n" +"'skycaptain'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:131 +msgid "Example of the parser's automatically generated help::" +msgstr "解释器自动生成的帮助示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:133 +msgid "" +">>> parser.parse_args('-h'.split())\n" +"\n" +"usage: manage_cloud.py [-h] -u USER\n" +" {deploy,start,stop} HOSTNAME [HOSTNAME ...]\n" +"\n" +"Manage servers\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" {deploy,start,stop} action on each target\n" +" HOSTNAME url for target machines\n" +"\n" +"optional arguments:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -u USER, --user USER login as user\n" +"\n" +"Tested on Solaris and Linux" +msgstr "" +">>> parser.parse_args('-h'.split())\n" +"\n" +"usage: manage_cloud.py [-h] -u USER\n" +" {deploy,start,stop} HOSTNAME [HOSTNAME ...]\n" +"\n" +"Manage servers\n" +"\n" +"positional arguments:\n" +" {deploy,start,stop} action on each target\n" +" HOSTNAME url for target machines\n" +"\n" +"optional arguments:\n" +" -h, --help show this help message and exit\n" +" -u USER, --user USER login as user\n" +"\n" +"Tested on Solaris and Linux" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:150 +msgid "" +"An especially nice :mod:`argparse` feature is the ability to define " +"subparsers, each with their own argument patterns and help displays::" +msgstr "一个非常好的 :mod:`argparse` 特性是可以定义子解析器，每个子解析器拥有它们自己的参数模式和帮助显示::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:153 +msgid "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='HELM')\n" +"subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()\n" +"\n" +"parser_l = subparsers.add_parser('launch', help='Launch Control') # first subgroup\n" +"parser_l.add_argument('-m', '--missiles', action='store_true')\n" +"parser_l.add_argument('-t', '--torpedos', action='store_true')\n" +"\n" +"parser_m = subparsers.add_parser('move', help='Move Vessel', # second subgroup\n" +" aliases=('steer', 'turn')) # equivalent names\n" +"parser_m.add_argument('-c', '--course', type=int, required=True)\n" +"parser_m.add_argument('-s', '--speed', type=int, default=0)" +msgstr "" +"import argparse\n" +"parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='HELM')\n" +"subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()\n" +"\n" +"parser_l = subparsers.add_parser('launch', help='Launch Control') # 第一个子分组\n" +"parser_l.add_argument('-m', '--missiles', action='store_true')\n" +"parser_l.add_argument('-t', '--torpedos', action='store_true')\n" +"\n" +"parser_m = subparsers.add_parser('move', help='Move Vessel', # 第二个子分组\n" +" aliases=('steer', 'turn')) # 等价的名称\n" +"parser_m.add_argument('-c', '--course', type=int, required=True)\n" +"parser_m.add_argument('-s', '--speed', type=int, default=0)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:166 +msgid "" +"$ ./helm.py --help # top level help (launch and move)\n" +"$ ./helm.py launch --help # help for launch options\n" +"$ ./helm.py launch --missiles # set missiles=True and torpedos=False\n" +"$ ./helm.py steer --course 180 --speed 5 # set movement parameters" +msgstr "" +"$ ./helm.py --help # 最高层级的帮助 (launch 和 move)\n" +"$ ./helm.py launch --help # launch 选项的帮助\n" +"$ ./helm.py launch --missiles # 设置 missiles=True 及 torpedos=False\n" +"$ ./helm.py steer --course 180 --speed 5 # 设置动作形参" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:175 +msgid ":pep:`389` - New Command Line Parsing Module" +msgstr ":pep:`389` - 新的命令行解析模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:176 +msgid "PEP written by Steven Bethard." +msgstr "PEP 由 Steven Bethard 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:178 +msgid "" +":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code` for details on the differences from " +":mod:`optparse`." +msgstr "参阅 :ref:`upgrading-optparse-code` 了解与 :mod:`optparse` 的差异的细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:182 +msgid "PEP 391: Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging" +msgstr "PEP 391: 基于字典的日志配置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:184 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`logging` module provided two kinds of configuration, one style " +"with function calls for each option or another style driven by an external " +"file saved in a :mod:`configparser` format. Those options did not provide " +"the flexibility to create configurations from JSON or YAML files, nor did " +"they support incremental configuration, which is needed for specifying " +"logger options from a command line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:191 +msgid "" +"To support a more flexible style, the module now offers " +":func:`logging.config.dictConfig` for specifying logging configuration with " +"plain Python dictionaries. The configuration options include formatters, " +"handlers, filters, and loggers. Here's a working example of a configuration" +" dictionary::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:197 +msgid "" +"{\"version\": 1,\n" +" \"formatters\": {\"brief\": {\"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s: %(name)-15s: %(message)s\"},\n" +" \"full\": {\"format\": \"%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s\"}\n" +" },\n" +" \"handlers\": {\"console\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"brief\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\"},\n" +" \"console_priority\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"full\",\n" +" \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"}\n" +" },\n" +" \"root\": {\"level\": \"DEBUG\", \"handlers\": [\"console\", \"console_priority\"]}}" +msgstr "" +"{\"version\": 1,\n" +" \"formatters\": {\"brief\": {\"format\": \"%(levelname)-8s: %(name)-15s: %(message)s\"},\n" +" \"full\": {\"format\": \"%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s\"}\n" +" },\n" +" \"handlers\": {\"console\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"brief\",\n" +" \"level\": \"INFO\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stdout\"},\n" +" \"console_priority\": {\n" +" \"class\": \"logging.StreamHandler\",\n" +" \"formatter\": \"full\",\n" +" \"level\": \"ERROR\",\n" +" \"stream\": \"ext://sys.stderr\"}\n" +" },\n" +" \"root\": {\"level\": \"DEBUG\", \"handlers\": [\"console\", \"console_priority\"]}}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:215 +msgid "" +"If that dictionary is stored in a file called :file:`conf.json`, it can be " +"loaded and called with code like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:218 +msgid "" +">>> import json, logging.config\n" +">>> with open('conf.json') as f:\n" +"... conf = json.load(f)\n" +"...\n" +">>> logging.config.dictConfig(conf)\n" +">>> logging.info(\"Transaction completed normally\")\n" +"INFO : root : Transaction completed normally\n" +">>> logging.critical(\"Abnormal termination\")\n" +"2011-02-17 11:14:36,694 root CRITICAL Abnormal termination" +msgstr "" +">>> import json, logging.config\n" +">>> with open('conf.json') as f:\n" +"... conf = json.load(f)\n" +"...\n" +">>> logging.config.dictConfig(conf)\n" +">>> logging.info(\"Transaction completed normally\")\n" +"INFO : root : Transaction completed normally\n" +">>> logging.critical(\"Abnormal termination\")\n" +"2011-02-17 11:14:36,694 root CRITICAL Abnormal termination" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:230 +msgid ":pep:`391` - Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging" +msgstr ":pep:`391` - 基于字典的日志配置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:231 +msgid "PEP written by Vinay Sajip." +msgstr "PEP 由 Vinay Sajip 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:235 +msgid "PEP 3148: The ``concurrent.futures`` module" +msgstr "PEP 3148: ``concurrent.futures`` 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:237 +msgid "" +"Code for creating and managing concurrency is being collected in a new top-" +"level namespace, *concurrent*. Its first member is a *futures* package " +"which provides a uniform high-level interface for managing threads and " +"processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:241 +msgid "" +"The design for :mod:`concurrent.futures` was inspired by the " +"*java.util.concurrent* package. In that model, a running call and its " +"result are represented by a :class:`~concurrent.futures.Future` object that " +"abstracts features common to threads, processes, and remote procedure calls." +" That object supports status checks (running or done), timeouts, " +"cancellations, adding callbacks, and access to results or exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:248 +msgid "" +"The primary offering of the new module is a pair of executor classes for " +"launching and managing calls. The goal of the executors is to make it " +"easier to use existing tools for making parallel calls. They save the effort" +" needed to setup a pool of resources, launch the calls, create a results " +"queue, add time-out handling, and limit the total number of threads, " +"processes, or remote procedure calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:255 +msgid "" +"Ideally, each application should share a single executor across multiple " +"components so that process and thread limits can be centrally managed. This" +" solves the design challenge that arises when each component has its own " +"competing strategy for resource management." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:260 +msgid "" +"Both classes share a common interface with three methods: " +":meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.submit` for scheduling a callable and " +"returning a :class:`~concurrent.futures.Future` object; " +":meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.map` for scheduling many asynchronous " +"calls at a time, and :meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.shutdown` for " +"freeing resources. The class is a :term:`context manager` and can be used " +"in a :keyword:`with` statement to assure that resources are automatically " +"released when currently pending futures are done executing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:269 +msgid "" +"A simple of example of :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` is a " +"launch of four parallel threads for copying files::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:272 +msgid "" +"import concurrent.futures, shutil\n" +"with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as e:\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src1.txt', 'dest1.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src2.txt', 'dest2.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest3.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest4.txt')" +msgstr "" +"import concurrent.futures, shutil\n" +"with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as e:\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src1.txt', 'dest1.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src2.txt', 'dest2.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest3.txt')\n" +" e.submit(shutil.copy, 'src3.txt', 'dest4.txt')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:281 +msgid ":pep:`3148` - Futures -- Execute Computations Asynchronously" +msgstr ":pep:`3148` -- futures - 异步执行指令" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:282 +msgid "PEP written by Brian Quinlan." +msgstr "PEP 由 Brian Quinlan 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:284 +msgid "" +":ref:`Code for Threaded Parallel URL reads`, an " +"example using threads to fetch multiple web pages in parallel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:287 +msgid "" +":ref:`Code for computing prime numbers in parallel`, an example demonstrating " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:293 +msgid "PEP 3147: PYC Repository Directories" +msgstr "PEP 3147: PYC 仓库目录" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:295 +msgid "" +"Python's scheme for caching bytecode in *.pyc* files did not work well in " +"environments with multiple Python interpreters. If one interpreter " +"encountered a cached file created by another interpreter, it would recompile" +" the source and overwrite the cached file, thus losing the benefits of " +"caching." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:300 +msgid "" +"The issue of \"pyc fights\" has become more pronounced as it has become " +"commonplace for Linux distributions to ship with multiple versions of " +"Python. These conflicts also arise with CPython alternatives such as Unladen" +" Swallow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:304 +msgid "" +"To solve this problem, Python's import machinery has been extended to use " +"distinct filenames for each interpreter. Instead of Python 3.2 and Python " +"3.3 and Unladen Swallow each competing for a file called \"mymodule.pyc\", " +"they will now look for \"mymodule.cpython-32.pyc\", " +"\"mymodule.cpython-33.pyc\", and \"mymodule.unladen10.pyc\". And to prevent" +" all of these new files from cluttering source directories, the *pyc* files " +"are now collected in a \"__pycache__\" directory stored under the package " +"directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:312 +msgid "" +"Aside from the filenames and target directories, the new scheme has a few " +"aspects that are visible to the programmer:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Imported modules now have a :attr:`~module.__cached__` attribute which " +"stores the name of the actual file that was imported:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:322 +msgid "" +"The tag that is unique to each interpreter is accessible from the " +":mod:`!imp` module:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:329 +msgid "" +"Scripts that try to deduce source filename from the imported file now need " +"to be smarter. It is no longer sufficient to simply strip the \"c\" from a " +"\".pyc\" filename. Instead, use the new functions in the :mod:`!imp` " +"module:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:338 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`py_compile` and :mod:`compileall` modules have been updated to " +"reflect the new naming convention and target directory. The command-line " +"invocation of *compileall* has new options: ``-i`` for specifying a list of " +"files and directories to compile and ``-b`` which causes bytecode files to " +"be written to their legacy location rather than *__pycache__*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:345 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`importlib.abc` module has been updated with new :term:`abstract " +"base classes ` for loading bytecode files. The " +"obsolete ABCs, :class:`!PyLoader` and :class:`!PyPycLoader`, have been " +"deprecated (instructions on how to stay Python 3.1 compatible are included " +"with the documentation)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:353 +msgid ":pep:`3147` - PYC Repository Directories" +msgstr ":pep:`3147` - PYC 仓库目录" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:354 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:385 +msgid "PEP written by Barry Warsaw." +msgstr "PEP 由 Barry Warsaw 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:358 +msgid "PEP 3149: ABI Version Tagged .so Files" +msgstr "PEP 3149: 带有 ABI 版本标签的 .so 文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:360 +msgid "" +"The PYC repository directory allows multiple bytecode cache files to be co-" +"located. This PEP implements a similar mechanism for shared object files by" +" giving them a common directory and distinct names for each version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:364 +msgid "" +"The common directory is \"pyshared\" and the file names are made distinct by" +" identifying the Python implementation (such as CPython, PyPy, Jython, " +"etc.), the major and minor version numbers, and optional build flags (such " +"as \"d\" for debug, \"m\" for pymalloc, \"u\" for wide-unicode). For an " +"arbitrary package \"foo\", you may see these files when the distribution " +"package is installed::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:370 +msgid "" +"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-32m.so\n" +"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-33md.so" +msgstr "" +"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-32m.so\n" +"/usr/share/pyshared/foo.cpython-33md.so" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:373 +msgid "" +"In Python itself, the tags are accessible from functions in the " +":mod:`sysconfig` module::" +msgstr "对于 Python 本身，可以通过 :mod:`sysconfig` 模块中的函数来访问这些标签::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:376 +msgid "" +">>> import sysconfig\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('SOABI') # find the version tag\n" +"'cpython-32mu'\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX') # find the full filename extension\n" +"'.cpython-32mu.so'" +msgstr "" +">>> import sysconfig\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('SOABI') # 查找版本标签\n" +"'cpython-32mu'\n" +">>> sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX') # 查找完整文件名扩展\n" +"'.cpython-32mu.so'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:384 +msgid ":pep:`3149` - ABI Version Tagged .so Files" +msgstr ":pep:`3149` - 带有 ABI 版本标签的 .so 文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:389 +msgid "PEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1" +msgstr "PEP 3333: Python Web服务器网关接口v1.0.1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:391 +msgid "" +"This informational PEP clarifies how bytes/text issues are to be handled by " +"the WSGI protocol. The challenge is that string handling in Python 3 is " +"most conveniently handled with the :class:`str` type even though the HTTP " +"protocol is itself bytes oriented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:396 +msgid "" +"The PEP differentiates so-called *native strings* that are used for " +"request/response headers and metadata versus *byte strings* which are used " +"for the bodies of requests and responses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:400 +msgid "" +"The *native strings* are always of type :class:`str` but are restricted to " +"code points between *U+0000* through *U+00FF* which are translatable to " +"bytes using *Latin-1* encoding. These strings are used for the keys and " +"values in the environment dictionary and for response headers and statuses " +"in the :func:`!start_response` function. They must follow :rfc:`2616` with " +"respect to encoding. That is, they must either be *ISO-8859-1* characters or" +" use :rfc:`2047` MIME encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:408 +msgid "" +"For developers porting WSGI applications from Python 2, here are the salient" +" points:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:411 +msgid "" +"If the app already used strings for headers in Python 2, no change is " +"needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:413 +msgid "" +"If instead, the app encoded output headers or decoded input headers, then " +"the headers will need to be re-encoded to Latin-1. For example, an output " +"header encoded in utf-8 was using ``h.encode('utf-8')`` now needs to convert" +" from bytes to native strings using ``h.encode('utf-8').decode('latin-1')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:418 +msgid "" +"Values yielded by an application or sent using the :meth:`!write` method " +"must be byte strings. The :func:`!start_response` function and environ must" +" use native strings. The two cannot be mixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:422 +msgid "" +"For server implementers writing CGI-to-WSGI pathways or other CGI-style " +"protocols, the users must to be able access the environment using native " +"strings even though the underlying platform may have a different convention." +" To bridge this gap, the :mod:`wsgiref` module has a new function, " +":func:`wsgiref.handlers.read_environ` for transcoding CGI variables from " +":data:`os.environ` into native strings and returning a new dictionary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:431 +msgid ":pep:`3333` - Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1" +msgstr ":pep:`3333` - Python Web服务器网关接口v1.0.1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:432 +msgid "PEP written by Phillip Eby." +msgstr "PEP 由 Phillip Eby 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:436 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:438 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:440 +msgid "" +"String formatting for :func:`format` and :meth:`str.format` gained new " +"capabilities for the format character **#**. Previously, for integers in " +"binary, octal, or hexadecimal, it caused the output to be prefixed with " +"'0b', '0o', or '0x' respectively. Now it can also handle floats, complex, " +"and Decimal, causing the output to always have a decimal point even when no " +"digits follow it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:452 +msgid "" +"(Suggested by Mark Dickinson and implemented by Eric Smith in " +":issue:`7094`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:454 +msgid "" +"There is also a new :meth:`str.format_map` method that extends the " +"capabilities of the existing :meth:`str.format` method by accepting " +"arbitrary :term:`mapping` objects. This new method makes it possible to use" +" string formatting with any of Python's many dictionary-like objects such as" +" :class:`~collections.defaultdict`, :class:`~shelve.Shelf`, " +":class:`~configparser.ConfigParser`, or :mod:`dbm`. It is also useful with " +"custom :class:`dict` subclasses that normalize keys before look-up or that " +"supply a :meth:`__missing__` method for unknown keys::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:463 +msgid "" +">>> import shelve\n" +">>> d = shelve.open('tmp.shl')\n" +">>> 'The {project_name} status is {status} as of {date}'.format_map(d)\n" +"'The testing project status is green as of February 15, 2011'\n" +"\n" +">>> class LowerCasedDict(dict):\n" +"... def __getitem__(self, key):\n" +"... return dict.__getitem__(self, key.lower())\n" +"...\n" +">>> lcd = LowerCasedDict(part='widgets', quantity=10)\n" +">>> 'There are {QUANTITY} {Part} in stock'.format_map(lcd)\n" +"'There are 10 widgets in stock'\n" +"\n" +">>> class PlaceholderDict(dict):\n" +"... def __missing__(self, key):\n" +"... return '<{}>'.format(key)\n" +"...\n" +">>> 'Hello {name}, welcome to {location}'.format_map(PlaceholderDict())\n" +"'Hello , welcome to '" +msgstr "" +">>> import shelve\n" +">>> d = shelve.open('tmp.shl')\n" +">>> 'The {project_name} status is {status} as of {date}'.format_map(d)\n" +"'The testing project status is green as of February 15, 2011'\n" +"\n" +">>> class LowerCasedDict(dict):\n" +"... def __getitem__(self, key):\n" +"... return dict.__getitem__(self, key.lower())\n" +"...\n" +">>> lcd = LowerCasedDict(part='widgets', quantity=10)\n" +">>> 'There are {QUANTITY} {Part} in stock'.format_map(lcd)\n" +"'There are 10 widgets in stock'\n" +"\n" +">>> class PlaceholderDict(dict):\n" +"... def __missing__(self, key):\n" +"... return '<{}>'.format(key)\n" +"...\n" +">>> 'Hello {name}, welcome to {location}'.format_map(PlaceholderDict())\n" +"'Hello , welcome to '" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:483 +msgid "" +"(Suggested by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Eric Smith in " +":issue:`6081`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 提议并由 Eric Smith 在 :issue:`6081` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The interpreter can now be started with a quiet option, ``-q``, to prevent " +"the copyright and version information from being displayed in the " +"interactive mode. The option can be introspected using the " +":data:`sys.flags` attribute:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:490 +msgid "" +"$ python -q\n" +">>> sys.flags\n" +"sys.flags(debug=0, division_warning=0, inspect=0, interactive=0,\n" +"optimize=0, dont_write_bytecode=0, no_user_site=0, no_site=0,\n" +"ignore_environment=0, verbose=0, bytes_warning=0, quiet=1)" +msgstr "" +"$ python -q\n" +">>> sys.flags\n" +"sys.flags(debug=0, division_warning=0, inspect=0, interactive=0,\n" +"optimize=0, dont_write_bytecode=0, no_user_site=0, no_site=0,\n" +"ignore_environment=0, verbose=0, bytes_warning=0, quiet=1)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:498 +msgid "(Contributed by Marcin Wojdyr in :issue:`1772833`)." +msgstr "（由 Marcin Wojdyr 在 :issue:`1772833` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:500 +msgid "" +"The :func:`hasattr` function works by calling :func:`getattr` and detecting " +"whether an exception is raised. This technique allows it to detect methods " +"created dynamically by :meth:`~object.__getattr__` or " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__` which would otherwise be absent from the " +"class dictionary. Formerly, *hasattr* would catch any exception, possibly " +"masking genuine errors. Now, *hasattr* has been tightened to only catch " +":exc:`AttributeError` and let other exceptions pass through::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:508 +msgid "" +">>> class A:\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def f(self):\n" +"... return 1 // 0\n" +"...\n" +">>> a = A()\n" +">>> hasattr(a, 'f')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero" +msgstr "" +">>> class A:\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def f(self):\n" +"... return 1 // 0\n" +"...\n" +">>> a = A()\n" +">>> hasattr(a, 'f')\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:519 +msgid "" +"(Discovered by Yury Selivanov and fixed by Benjamin Peterson; " +":issue:`9666`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yury Selivanov 发现并由 Benjamin Peterson 修正；:issue:`9666`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:521 +msgid "" +"The :func:`str` of a float or complex number is now the same as its " +":func:`repr`. Previously, the :func:`str` form was shorter but that just " +"caused confusion and is no longer needed now that the shortest possible " +":func:`repr` is displayed by default:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:532 +msgid "(Proposed and implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`9337`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 提议并实现；:issue:`9337`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:534 +msgid "" +":class:`memoryview` objects now have a :meth:`~memoryview.release` method " +"and they also now support the context management protocol. This allows " +"timely release of any resources that were acquired when requesting a buffer " +"from the original object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:543 +msgid "(Added by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9757`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 添加；:issue:`9757`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:545 +msgid "" +"Previously it was illegal to delete a name from the local namespace if it " +"occurs as a free variable in a nested block::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:548 +msgid "" +"def outer(x):\n" +" def inner():\n" +" return x\n" +" inner()\n" +" del x" +msgstr "" +"def outer(x):\n" +" def inner():\n" +" return x\n" +" inner()\n" +" del x" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:554 +msgid "" +"This is now allowed. Remember that the target of an :keyword:`except` " +"clause is cleared, so this code which used to work with Python 2.6, raised a" +" :exc:`SyntaxError` with Python 3.1 and now works again::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:558 +msgid "" +"def f():\n" +" def print_error():\n" +" print(e)\n" +" try:\n" +" something\n" +" except Exception as e:\n" +" print_error()\n" +" # implicit \"del e\" here" +msgstr "" +"def f():\n" +" def print_error():\n" +" print(e)\n" +" try:\n" +" something\n" +" except Exception as e:\n" +" print_error()\n" +" # 在此隐式执行 \"del e\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:567 +msgid "(See :issue:`4617`.)" +msgstr "（参见 :issue:`4617`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:569 +msgid "" +":ref:`Struct sequence types ` are now subclasses of" +" tuple. This means that C structures like those returned by :func:`os.stat`," +" :func:`time.gmtime`, and :data:`sys.version_info` now work like a " +":term:`named tuple` and now work with functions and methods that expect a " +"tuple as an argument. This is a big step forward in making the C structures" +" as flexible as their pure Python counterparts:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:582 +msgid "" +"(Suggested by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis and implemented by " +"Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`8413`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:585 +msgid "" +"Warnings are now easier to control using the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` " +"environment variable as an alternative to using ``-W`` at the command line:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:588 +msgid "" +"$ export PYTHONWARNINGS='ignore::RuntimeWarning::,once::UnicodeWarning::'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:592 +msgid "" +"(Suggested by Barry Warsaw and implemented by Philip Jenvey in " +":issue:`7301`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:594 +msgid "" +"A new warning category, :exc:`ResourceWarning`, has been added. It is " +"emitted when potential issues with resource consumption or cleanup are " +"detected. It is silenced by default in normal release builds but can be " +"enabled through the means provided by the :mod:`warnings` module, or on the " +"command line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:600 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is issued at interpreter shutdown if the " +":data:`gc.garbage` list isn't empty, and if :const:`gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE` " +"is set, all uncollectable objects are printed. This is meant to make the " +"programmer aware that their code contains object finalization issues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:605 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is also issued when a :term:`file object` is " +"destroyed without having been explicitly closed. While the deallocator for " +"such object ensures it closes the underlying operating system resource " +"(usually, a file descriptor), the delay in deallocating the object could " +"produce various issues, especially under Windows. Here is an example of " +"enabling the warning from the command line:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:612 +msgid "" +"$ python -q -Wdefault\n" +">>> f = open(\"foo\", \"wb\")\n" +">>> del f\n" +"__main__:1: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.BufferedWriter name='foo'>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:619 +msgid "" +"(Added by Antoine Pitrou and Georg Brandl in :issue:`10093` and " +":issue:`477863`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:621 +msgid "" +":class:`range` objects now support *index* and *count* methods. This is part" +" of an effort to make more objects fully implement the " +":class:`collections.Sequence ` :term:`abstract " +"base class`. As a result, the language will have a more uniform API. In " +"addition, :class:`range` objects now support slicing and negative indices, " +"even with values larger than :data:`sys.maxsize`. This makes *range* more " +"interoperable with lists::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:628 +msgid "" +">>> range(0, 100, 2).count(10)\n" +"1\n" +">>> range(0, 100, 2).index(10)\n" +"5\n" +">>> range(0, 100, 2)[5]\n" +"10\n" +">>> range(0, 100, 2)[0:5]\n" +"range(0, 10, 2)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:637 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Daniel Stutzbach in :issue:`9213`, by Alexander Belopolsky " +"in :issue:`2690`, and by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`10889`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Daniel Stutzbach 在 :issue:`9213` 中贡献，由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 " +":issue:`2690` 中贡献，由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`10889` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:640 +msgid "" +"The :func:`callable` builtin function from Py2.x was resurrected. It " +"provides a concise, readable alternative to using an :term:`abstract base " +"class` in an expression like ``isinstance(x, collections.Callable)``:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:649 +msgid "(See :issue:`10518`.)" +msgstr "（参见 :issue:`10518`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:651 +msgid "" +"Python's import mechanism can now load modules installed in directories with" +" non-ASCII characters in the path name. This solved an aggravating problem " +"with home directories for users with non-ASCII characters in their " +"usernames." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:655 +msgid "(Required extensive work by Victor Stinner in :issue:`9425`.)" +msgstr "（需要 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`9425` 中做大量工作。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:659 +msgid "New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules" +msgstr "新增，改进和弃用的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:661 +msgid "" +"Python's standard library has undergone significant maintenance efforts and " +"quality improvements." +msgstr "Python 标准库经过了大量的维护工作和质量改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:664 +msgid "" +"The biggest news for Python 3.2 is that the :mod:`email` package, " +":mod:`mailbox` module, and :mod:`!nntplib` modules now work correctly with " +"the bytes/text model in Python 3. For the first time, there is correct " +"handling of messages with mixed encodings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:669 +msgid "" +"Throughout the standard library, there has been more careful attention to " +"encodings and text versus bytes issues. In particular, interactions with " +"the operating system are now better able to exchange non-ASCII data using " +"the Windows MBCS encoding, locale-aware encodings, or UTF-8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:674 +msgid "" +"Another significant win is the addition of substantially better support for " +"*SSL* connections and security certificates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:677 +msgid "" +"In addition, more classes now implement a :term:`context manager` to support" +" convenient and reliable resource clean-up using a :keyword:`with` " +"statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:681 +msgid "email" +msgstr "email" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:683 +msgid "" +"The usability of the :mod:`email` package in Python 3 has been mostly fixed " +"by the extensive efforts of R. David Murray. The problem was that emails " +"are typically read and stored in the form of :class:`bytes` rather than " +":class:`str` text, and they may contain multiple encodings within a single " +"email. So, the email package had to be extended to parse and generate email" +" messages in bytes format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:690 +msgid "" +"New functions :func:`~email.message_from_bytes` and " +":func:`~email.message_from_binary_file`, and new classes " +":class:`~email.parser.BytesFeedParser` and " +":class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` allow binary message data to be parsed " +"into model objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:695 +msgid "" +"Given bytes input to the model, :meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` " +"will by default decode a message body that has a :mailheader:`Content-" +"Transfer-Encoding` of *8bit* using the charset specified in the MIME headers" +" and return the resulting string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:700 +msgid "" +"Given bytes input to the model, :class:`~email.generator.Generator` will " +"convert message bodies that have a :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` " +"of *8bit* to instead have a *7bit* :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:704 +msgid "" +"Headers with unencoded non-ASCII bytes are deemed to be :rfc:`2047`\\ " +"-encoded using the *unknown-8bit* character set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:707 +msgid "" +"A new class :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` produces bytes as " +"output, preserving any unchanged non-ASCII data that was present in the " +"input used to build the model, including message bodies with a " +":mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` of *8bit*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:712 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`smtplib` :class:`~smtplib.SMTP` class now accepts a byte string " +"for the *msg* argument to the :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.sendmail` method, and a " +"new method, :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message` accepts a " +":class:`~email.message.Message` object and can optionally obtain the " +"*from_addr* and *to_addrs* addresses directly from the object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:718 +msgid "" +"(Proposed and implemented by R. David Murray, :issue:`4661` and " +":issue:`10321`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:721 +msgid "elementtree" +msgstr "elementtree" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:723 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` package and its " +":mod:`!xml.etree.cElementTree` counterpart have been updated to version 1.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:726 +msgid "Several new and useful functions and methods have been added:" +msgstr "新增了几个有用的函数和方法：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:728 +msgid "" +":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstringlist` which builds an XML document " +"from a sequence of fragments" +msgstr ":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstringlist` 可根据一系列片段生成 XML 文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:730 +msgid "" +":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.register_namespace` for registering a global " +"namespace prefix" +msgstr ":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.register_namespace` 用于注册全局命名空间前缀" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:732 +msgid "" +":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.tostringlist` for string representation " +"including all sublists" +msgstr ":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.tostringlist` 用于字符串表示包括所有子列表" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:734 +msgid "" +":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.extend` for appending a sequence of " +"zero or more elements" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.extend` 用于添加包含零个或多个元素的序列" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:736 +msgid "" +":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.iterfind` searches an element and " +"subelements" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.iterfind` 可搜索元素和子元素" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:738 +msgid "" +":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.itertext` creates a text iterator over " +"an element and its subelements" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.itertext` 创建一个包含指定元素及其子元素的文本迭代器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:740 +msgid "" +":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.end` closes the current element" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.end` 关闭当前元素" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:741 +msgid "" +":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.doctype` handles a doctype " +"declaration" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.doctype` 处理 doctype 声明" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:744 +msgid "Two methods have been deprecated:" +msgstr "两个方法被弃用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:746 +msgid ":meth:`!xml.etree.ElementTree.getchildren` use ``list(elem)`` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:747 +msgid "" +":meth:`!xml.etree.ElementTree.getiterator` use ``Element.iter`` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:749 +msgid "" +"For details of the update, see `Introducing ElementTree " +"`_" +" on Fredrik Lundh's website." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:753 +msgid "(Contributed by Florent Xicluna and Fredrik Lundh, :issue:`6472`.)" +msgstr "（由 Florent Xicluna 和 Fredrik Lundh 在 :issue:`6472` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:756 +msgid "functools" +msgstr "functools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:758 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`functools` module includes a new decorator for caching function " +"calls. :func:`functools.lru_cache` can save repeated queries to an external" +" resource whenever the results are expected to be the same." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:762 +msgid "" +"For example, adding a caching decorator to a database query function can " +"save database accesses for popular searches:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:775 +msgid "" +"To help with choosing an effective cache size, the wrapped function is " +"instrumented for tracking cache statistics:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:781 +msgid "" +"If the phonelist table gets updated, the outdated contents of the cache can " +"be cleared with:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:786 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and incorporating design ideas from Jim " +"Baker, Miki Tebeka, and Nick Coghlan; see `recipe 498245 " +"`_\\, `recipe 577479 " +"`_\\," +" :issue:`10586`, and :issue:`10593`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:792 +msgid "" +"The :func:`functools.wraps` decorator now adds a :attr:`__wrapped__` " +"attribute pointing to the original callable function. This allows wrapped " +"functions to be introspected. It also copies " +":attr:`~function.__annotations__` if defined. And now it also gracefully " +"skips over missing attributes such as :attr:`~function.__doc__` which might " +"not be defined for the wrapped callable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:799 +msgid "" +"In the above example, the cache can be removed by recovering the original " +"function:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:804 +msgid "" +"(By Nick Coghlan and Terrence Cole; :issue:`9567`, :issue:`3445`, and " +":issue:`8814`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Nick Coghlan 和 Terrence Cole 在 :issue:`9567`, :issue:`3445` 和 " +":issue:`8814` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:807 +msgid "" +"To help write classes with rich comparison methods, a new decorator " +":func:`functools.total_ordering` will use existing equality and inequality " +"methods to fill in the remaining methods." +msgstr "" +"为帮助编写具有丰富比较方法的类，新增的装饰器 :func:`functools.total_ordering` " +"将使用现有的相等和不相等方法来填充其余的方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:811 +msgid "" +"For example, supplying *__eq__* and *__lt__* will enable " +":func:`~functools.total_ordering` to fill-in *__le__*, *__gt__* and " +"*__ge__*::" +msgstr "" +"例如，提供 *__eq__* and *__lt__* 将启用 :func:`~functools.total_ordering` 来填充 " +"*__le__*, *__gt__* 和 *__ge__*::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:814 +msgid "" +"@total_ordering\n" +"class Student:\n" +" def __eq__(self, other):\n" +" return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) ==\n" +" (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))\n" +"\n" +" def __lt__(self, other):\n" +" return ((self.lastname.lower(), self.firstname.lower()) <\n" +" (other.lastname.lower(), other.firstname.lower()))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:824 +msgid "" +"With the *total_ordering* decorator, the remaining comparison methods are " +"filled in automatically." +msgstr "使用 *total_ordering* 装饰器时，将会自动填充其余的比较方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:827 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:839 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:883 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:904 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:918 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1788 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1832 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:829 +msgid "" +"To aid in porting programs from Python 2, the :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` " +"function converts an old-style comparison function to modern :term:`key " +"function`:" +msgstr "" +"为帮助移植 Python 2 程序，:func:`functools.cmp_to_key` 函数可将旧式的比较函数转换为新式的 :term:`key " +"function`:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:836 +msgid "" +"For sorting examples and a brief sorting tutorial, see the `Sorting HowTo " +"`_ tutorial." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:842 +msgid "itertools" +msgstr "itertools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:844 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`itertools` module has a new :func:`~itertools.accumulate` function" +" modeled on APL's *scan* operator and Numpy's *accumulate* function:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:855 +msgid "" +"For an example using :func:`~itertools.accumulate`, see the :ref:`examples " +"for the random module `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:858 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and incorporating design suggestions from " +"Mark Dickinson.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:862 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:864 +msgid "" +"The :class:`collections.Counter` class now has two forms of in-place " +"subtraction, the existing *-=* operator for `saturating subtraction " +"`_ and the new " +":meth:`~collections.Counter.subtract` method for regular subtraction. The " +"former is suitable for `multisets `_" +" which only have positive counts, and the latter is more suitable for use " +"cases that allow negative counts:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:885 +msgid "" +"The :class:`collections.OrderedDict` class has a new method " +":meth:`~collections.OrderedDict.move_to_end` which takes an existing key and" +" moves it to either the first or last position in the ordered sequence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:889 +msgid "" +"The default is to move an item to the last position. This is equivalent of " +"renewing an entry with ``od[k] = od.pop(k)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:892 +msgid "" +"A fast move-to-end operation is useful for resequencing entries. For " +"example, an ordered dictionary can be used to track order of access by aging" +" entries from the oldest to the most recently accessed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:906 +msgid "" +"The :class:`collections.deque` class grew two new methods " +":meth:`~collections.deque.count` and :meth:`~collections.deque.reverse` that" +" make them more substitutable for :class:`list` objects:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:921 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:923 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`threading` module has a new :class:`~threading.Barrier` " +"synchronization class for making multiple threads wait until all of them " +"have reached a common barrier point. Barriers are useful for making sure " +"that a task with multiple preconditions does not run until all of the " +"predecessor tasks are complete." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Barriers can work with an arbitrary number of threads. This is a " +"generalization of a `Rendezvous " +"`_ which is defined " +"for only two threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:933 +msgid "" +"Implemented as a two-phase cyclic barrier, :class:`~threading.Barrier` " +"objects are suitable for use in loops. The separate *filling* and " +"*draining* phases assure that all threads get released (drained) before any " +"one of them can loop back and re-enter the barrier. The barrier fully " +"resets after each cycle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:938 +msgid "Example of using barriers::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:940 +msgid "" +"from threading import Barrier, Thread\n" +"\n" +"def get_votes(site):\n" +" ballots = conduct_election(site)\n" +" all_polls_closed.wait() # do not count until all polls are closed\n" +" totals = summarize(ballots)\n" +" publish(site, totals)\n" +"\n" +"all_polls_closed = Barrier(len(sites))\n" +"for site in sites:\n" +" Thread(target=get_votes, args=(site,)).start()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:952 +msgid "" +"In this example, the barrier enforces a rule that votes cannot be counted at" +" any polling site until all polls are closed. Notice how a solution with a " +"barrier is similar to one with :meth:`threading.Thread.join`, but the " +"threads stay alive and continue to do work (summarizing ballots) after the " +"barrier point is crossed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:958 +msgid "" +"If any of the predecessor tasks can hang or be delayed, a barrier can be " +"created with an optional *timeout* parameter. Then if the timeout period " +"elapses before all the predecessor tasks reach the barrier point, all " +"waiting threads are released and a :exc:`~threading.BrokenBarrierError` " +"exception is raised::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:963 +msgid "" +"def get_votes(site):\n" +" ballots = conduct_election(site)\n" +" try:\n" +" all_polls_closed.wait(timeout=midnight - time.now())\n" +" except BrokenBarrierError:\n" +" lockbox = seal_ballots(ballots)\n" +" queue.put(lockbox)\n" +" else:\n" +" totals = summarize(ballots)\n" +" publish(site, totals)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:974 +msgid "" +"In this example, the barrier enforces a more robust rule. If some election " +"sites do not finish before midnight, the barrier times-out and the ballots " +"are sealed and deposited in a queue for later handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:978 +msgid "" +"See `Barrier Synchronization Patterns " +"`_" +" for more examples of how barriers can be used in parallel computing. Also," +" there is a simple but thorough explanation of barriers in `The Little Book " +"of Semaphores " +"`_, " +"*section 3.6*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:984 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson with an API review by Jeffrey Yasskin" +" in :issue:`8777`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:988 +msgid "datetime and time" +msgstr "datetime 和 time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:990 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`datetime` module has a new type :class:`~datetime.timezone` that " +"implements the :class:`~datetime.tzinfo` interface by returning a fixed UTC " +"offset and timezone name. This makes it easier to create timezone-aware " +"datetime objects::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:995 +msgid "" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timezone\n" +"\n" +">>> datetime.now(timezone.utc)\n" +"datetime.datetime(2010, 12, 8, 21, 4, 2, 923754, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)\n" +"\n" +">>> datetime.strptime(\"01/01/2000 12:00 +0000\", \"%m/%d/%Y %H:%M %z\")\n" +"datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"Also, :class:`~datetime.timedelta` objects can now be multiplied by " +":class:`float` and divided by :class:`float` and :class:`int` objects. And " +":class:`~datetime.timedelta` objects can now divide one another." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`datetime.date.strftime` method is no longer restricted to years " +"after 1900. The new supported year range is from 1000 to 9999 inclusive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"Whenever a two-digit year is used in a time tuple, the interpretation has " +"been governed by :data:`!time.accept2dyear`. The default is ``True`` which " +"means that for a two-digit year, the century is guessed according to the " +"POSIX rules governing the ``%y`` strptime format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"Starting with Py3.2, use of the century guessing heuristic will emit a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Instead, it is recommended that " +":data:`!time.accept2dyear` be set to ``False`` so that large date ranges can" +" be used without guesswork::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1020 +msgid "" +">>> import time, warnings\n" +">>> warnings.resetwarnings() # remove the default warning filters\n" +"\n" +">>> time.accept2dyear = True # guess whether 11 means 11 or 2011\n" +">>> time.asctime((11, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56, 4, 1, 0))\n" +"Warning (from warnings module):\n" +" ...\n" +"DeprecationWarning: Century info guessed for a 2-digit year.\n" +"'Fri Jan 1 12:34:56 2011'\n" +"\n" +">>> time.accept2dyear = False # use the full range of allowable dates\n" +">>> time.asctime((11, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56, 4, 1, 0))\n" +"'Fri Jan 1 12:34:56 11'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"Several functions now have significantly expanded date ranges. When " +":data:`!time.accept2dyear` is false, the :func:`time.asctime` function will " +"accept any year that fits in a C int, while the :func:`time.mktime` and " +":func:`time.strftime` functions will accept the full range supported by the " +"corresponding operating system functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1040 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky and Victor Stinner in :issue:`1289118`," +" :issue:`5094`, :issue:`6641`, :issue:`2706`, :issue:`1777412`, " +":issue:`8013`, and :issue:`10827`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Alexander Belopolsky 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`1289118`, :issue:`5094`, " +":issue:`6641`, :issue:`2706`, :issue:`1777412`, :issue:`8013` 和 " +":issue:`10827` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1047 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1049 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`math` module has been updated with six new functions inspired by " +"the C99 standard." +msgstr ":mod:`math` 模块基于 C99 标准增加了六个新函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1052 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~math.isfinite` function provides a reliable and fast way to " +"detect special values. It returns ``True`` for regular numbers and " +"``False`` for *Nan* or *Infinity*:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~math.expm1` function computes ``e**x-1`` for small values of *x*" +" without incurring the loss of precision that usually accompanies the " +"subtraction of nearly equal quantities:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~math.erf` function computes a probability integral or `Gaussian " +"error function `_. The " +"complementary error function, :func:`~math.erfc`, is ``1 - erf(x)``:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1072 +msgid "" +">>> from math import erf, erfc, sqrt\n" +">>> erf(1.0/sqrt(2.0)) # portion of normal distribution within 1 standard deviation\n" +"0.682689492137086\n" +">>> erfc(1.0/sqrt(2.0)) # portion of normal distribution outside 1 standard deviation\n" +"0.31731050786291404\n" +">>> erf(1.0/sqrt(2.0)) + erfc(1.0/sqrt(2.0))\n" +"1.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~math.gamma` function is a continuous extension of the factorial " +"function. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function for details. " +"Because the function is related to factorials, it grows large even for small" +" values of *x*, so there is also a :func:`~math.lgamma` function for " +"computing the natural logarithm of the gamma function:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1095 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1098 +msgid "abc" +msgstr "abc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1100 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`abc` module now supports :func:`~abc.abstractclassmethod` and " +":func:`~abc.abstractstaticmethod`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1103 +msgid "" +"These tools make it possible to define an :term:`abstract base class` that " +"requires a particular :func:`classmethod` or :func:`staticmethod` to be " +"implemented::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1107 +msgid "" +"class Temperature(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):\n" +" @abc.abstractclassmethod\n" +" def from_fahrenheit(cls, t):\n" +" ...\n" +" @abc.abstractclassmethod\n" +" def from_celsius(cls, t):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1115 +msgid "(Patch submitted by Daniel Urban; :issue:`5867`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1118 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"The :class:`io.BytesIO` has a new method, :meth:`~io.BytesIO.getbuffer`, " +"which provides functionality similar to :func:`memoryview`. It creates an " +"editable view of the data without making a copy. The buffer's random access" +" and support for slice notation are well-suited to in-place editing::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1125 +msgid "" +">>> REC_LEN, LOC_START, LOC_LEN = 34, 7, 11\n" +"\n" +">>> def change_location(buffer, record_number, location):\n" +"... start = record_number * REC_LEN + LOC_START\n" +"... buffer[start: start+LOC_LEN] = location\n" +"\n" +">>> import io\n" +"\n" +">>> byte_stream = io.BytesIO(\n" +"... b'G3805 storeroom Main chassis '\n" +"... b'X7899 shipping Reserve cog '\n" +"... b'L6988 receiving Primary sprocket'\n" +"... )\n" +">>> buffer = byte_stream.getbuffer()\n" +">>> change_location(buffer, 1, b'warehouse ')\n" +">>> change_location(buffer, 0, b'showroom ')\n" +">>> print(byte_stream.getvalue())\n" +"b'G3805 showroom Main chassis '\n" +"b'X7899 warehouse Reserve cog '\n" +"b'L6988 receiving Primary sprocket'" +msgstr "" +">>> REC_LEN, LOC_START, LOC_LEN = 34, 7, 11\n" +"\n" +">>> def change_location(buffer, record_number, location):\n" +"... start = record_number * REC_LEN + LOC_START\n" +"... buffer[start: start+LOC_LEN] = location\n" +"\n" +">>> import io\n" +"\n" +">>> byte_stream = io.BytesIO(\n" +"... b'G3805 storeroom Main chassis '\n" +"... b'X7899 shipping Reserve cog '\n" +"... b'L6988 receiving Primary sprocket'\n" +"... )\n" +">>> buffer = byte_stream.getbuffer()\n" +">>> change_location(buffer, 1, b'warehouse ')\n" +">>> change_location(buffer, 0, b'showroom ')\n" +">>> print(byte_stream.getvalue())\n" +"b'G3805 showroom Main chassis '\n" +"b'X7899 warehouse Reserve cog '\n" +"b'L6988 receiving Primary sprocket'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1146 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`5506`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`5506` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1149 +msgid "reprlib" +msgstr "reprlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"When writing a :meth:`~object.__repr__` method for a custom container, it is" +" easy to forget to handle the case where a member refers back to the " +"container itself. Python's builtin objects such as :class:`list` and " +":class:`set` handle self-reference by displaying \"...\" in the recursive " +"part of the representation string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1157 +msgid "" +"To help write such :meth:`~object.__repr__` methods, the :mod:`reprlib` " +"module has a new decorator, :func:`~reprlib.recursive_repr`, for detecting " +"recursive calls to :meth:`!__repr__` and substituting a placeholder string " +"instead::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1161 +msgid "" +">>> class MyList(list):\n" +"... @recursive_repr()\n" +"... def __repr__(self):\n" +"... return '<' + '|'.join(map(repr, self)) + '>'\n" +"...\n" +">>> m = MyList('abc')\n" +">>> m.append(m)\n" +">>> m.append('x')\n" +">>> print(m)\n" +"<'a'|'b'|'c'|...|'x'>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1172 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`9826` and :issue:`9840`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`9826` 和 :issue:`9840` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1175 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"In addition to dictionary-based configuration described above, the " +":mod:`logging` package has many other improvements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"The logging documentation has been augmented by a :ref:`basic tutorial " +"`\\, an :ref:`advanced tutorial `\\, and a :ref:`cookbook ` of logging recipes. " +"These documents are the fastest way to learn about logging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"The :func:`logging.basicConfig` set-up function gained a *style* argument to" +" support three different types of string formatting. It defaults to \"%\" " +"for traditional %-formatting, can be set to \"{\" for the new " +":meth:`str.format` style, or can be set to \"$\" for the shell-style " +"formatting provided by :class:`string.Template`. The following three " +"configurations are equivalent::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1191 +msgid "" +">>> from logging import basicConfig\n" +">>> basicConfig(style='%', format=\"%(name)s -> %(levelname)s: %(message)s\")\n" +">>> basicConfig(style='{', format=\"{name} -> {levelname} {message}\")\n" +">>> basicConfig(style='$', format=\"$name -> $levelname: $message\")" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1196 +msgid "" +"If no configuration is set-up before a logging event occurs, there is now a " +"default configuration using a :class:`~logging.StreamHandler` directed to " +":data:`sys.stderr` for events of ``WARNING`` level or higher. Formerly, an " +"event occurring before a configuration was set-up would either raise an " +"exception or silently drop the event depending on the value of " +":data:`logging.raiseExceptions`. The new default handler is stored in " +":data:`logging.lastResort`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1204 +msgid "" +"The use of filters has been simplified. Instead of creating a " +":class:`~logging.Filter` object, the predicate can be any Python callable " +"that returns ``True`` or ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1208 +msgid "" +"There were a number of other improvements that add flexibility and simplify " +"configuration. See the module documentation for a full listing of changes " +"in Python 3.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1213 +msgid "csv" +msgstr "csv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1215 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`csv` module now supports a new dialect, " +":class:`~csv.unix_dialect`, which applies quoting for all fields and a " +"traditional Unix style with ``'\\n'`` as the line terminator. The " +"registered dialect name is ``unix``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1219 +msgid "" +"The :class:`csv.DictWriter` has a new method, " +":meth:`~csv.DictWriter.writeheader` for writing-out an initial row to " +"document the field names::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1223 +msgid "" +">>> import csv, sys\n" +">>> w = csv.DictWriter(sys.stdout, ['name', 'dept'], dialect='unix')\n" +">>> w.writeheader()\n" +"\"name\",\"dept\"\n" +">>> w.writerows([\n" +"... {'name': 'tom', 'dept': 'accounting'},\n" +"... {'name': 'susan', 'dept': 'Salesl'}])\n" +"\"tom\",\"accounting\"\n" +"\"susan\",\"sales\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1233 +msgid "" +"(New dialect suggested by Jay Talbot in :issue:`5975`, and the new method " +"suggested by Ed Abraham in :issue:`1537721`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1237 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1239 +msgid "" +"There is a new and slightly mind-blowing tool " +":class:`~contextlib.ContextDecorator` that is helpful for creating a " +":term:`context manager` that does double duty as a function decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1243 +msgid "" +"As a convenience, this new functionality is used by " +":func:`~contextlib.contextmanager` so that no extra effort is needed to " +"support both roles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"The basic idea is that both context managers and function decorators can be " +"used for pre-action and post-action wrappers. Context managers wrap a group" +" of statements using a :keyword:`with` statement, and function decorators " +"wrap a group of statements enclosed in a function. So, occasionally there " +"is a need to write a pre-action or post-action wrapper that can be used in " +"either role." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"For example, it is sometimes useful to wrap functions or groups of " +"statements with a logger that can track the time of entry and time of exit." +" Rather than writing both a function decorator and a context manager for " +"the task, the :func:`~contextlib.contextmanager` provides both capabilities " +"in a single definition::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1259 +msgid "" +"from contextlib import contextmanager\n" +"import logging\n" +"\n" +"logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)\n" +"\n" +"@contextmanager\n" +"def track_entry_and_exit(name):\n" +" logging.info('Entering: %s', name)\n" +" yield\n" +" logging.info('Exiting: %s', name)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1270 +msgid "Formerly, this would have only been usable as a context manager::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1272 +msgid "" +"with track_entry_and_exit('widget loader'):\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" +msgstr "" +"with track_entry_and_exit('widget loader'):\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1276 +msgid "Now, it can be used as a decorator as well::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"@track_entry_and_exit('widget loader')\n" +"def activity():\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" +msgstr "" +"@track_entry_and_exit('widget loader')\n" +"def activity():\n" +" print('Some time consuming activity goes here')\n" +" load_widget()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1283 +msgid "" +"Trying to fulfill two roles at once places some limitations on the " +"technique. Context managers normally have the flexibility to return an " +"argument usable by a :keyword:`with` statement, but there is no parallel for" +" function decorators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"In the above example, there is not a clean way for the " +"*track_entry_and_exit* context manager to return a logging instance for use " +"in the body of enclosed statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1291 +msgid "(Contributed by Michael Foord in :issue:`9110`.)" +msgstr "（由 Michael Foord 在 :issue:`9110` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1294 +msgid "decimal and fractions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1296 +msgid "" +"Mark Dickinson crafted an elegant and efficient scheme for assuring that " +"different numeric datatypes will have the same hash value whenever their " +"actual values are equal (:issue:`8188`)::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1300 +msgid "" +"assert hash(Fraction(3, 2)) == hash(1.5) == \\\n" +" hash(Decimal(\"1.5\")) == hash(complex(1.5, 0))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"Some of the hashing details are exposed through a new attribute, " +":data:`sys.hash_info`, which describes the bit width of the hash value, the " +"prime modulus, the hash values for *infinity* and *nan*, and the multiplier " +"used for the imaginary part of a number:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"An early decision to limit the interoperability of various numeric types has" +" been relaxed. It is still unsupported (and ill-advised) to have implicit " +"mixing in arithmetic expressions such as ``Decimal('1.1') + float('1.1')`` " +"because the latter loses information in the process of constructing the " +"binary float. However, since existing floating-point value can be converted" +" losslessly to either a decimal or rational representation, it makes sense " +"to add them to the constructor and to support mixed-type comparisons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"The :class:`decimal.Decimal` constructor now accepts :class:`float` objects " +"directly so there in no longer a need to use the " +":meth:`~decimal.Decimal.from_float` method (:issue:`8257`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"Mixed type comparisons are now fully supported so that " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` objects can be directly compared with " +":class:`float` and :class:`fractions.Fraction` (:issue:`2531` and " +":issue:`8188`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"Similar changes were made to :class:`fractions.Fraction` so that the " +":meth:`~fractions.Fraction.from_float` and " +":meth:`~fractions.Fraction.from_decimal` methods are no longer needed " +"(:issue:`8294`):" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1338 +msgid "" +"Another useful change for the :mod:`decimal` module is that the " +":attr:`Context.clamp ` attribute is now public. This" +" is useful in creating contexts that correspond to the decimal interchange " +"formats specified in IEEE 754 (see :issue:`8540`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1343 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Raymond Hettinger.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 和 Raymond Hettinger贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1346 +msgid "ftp" +msgstr "ftp" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ftplib.FTP` class now supports the context management protocol " +"to unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to close the " +"FTP connection when done::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1352 +msgid "" +">>> from ftplib import FTP\n" +">>> with FTP(\"ftp1.at.proftpd.org\") as ftp:\n" +" ftp.login()\n" +" ftp.dir()\n" +"\n" +"'230 Anonymous login ok, restrictions apply.'\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 .\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 ..\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 5 ftp ftp 4096 May 6 10:43 CentOS\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 3 ftp ftp 18 Jul 10 2008 Fedora" +msgstr "" +">>> from ftplib import FTP\n" +">>> with FTP(\"ftp1.at.proftpd.org\") as ftp:\n" +" ftp.login()\n" +" ftp.dir()\n" +"\n" +"'230 Anonymous login ok, restrictions apply.'\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 .\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 ..\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 5 ftp ftp 4096 May 6 10:43 CentOS\n" +"dr-xr-xr-x 3 ftp ftp 18 Jul 10 2008 Fedora" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1363 +msgid "" +"Other file-like objects such as :class:`mmap.mmap` and " +":func:`fileinput.input` also grew auto-closing context managers::" +msgstr "" +"其他文件型对象如 :class:`mmap.mmap` 和 :func:`fileinput.input` 也有了支持自动关闭的上下文管理器::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1366 +msgid "" +"with fileinput.input(files=('log1.txt', 'log2.txt')) as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" process(line)" +msgstr "" +"with fileinput.input(files=('log1.txt', 'log2.txt')) as f:\n" +" for line in f:\n" +" process(line)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé and Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`4972`, and by " +"Georg Brandl in :issue:`8046` and :issue:`1286`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Tarek Ziadé 和 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`4972` 贡献，由 Georg Brandl 在 " +":issue:`8046` 和 :issue:`1286` 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1373 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` class now accepts a *context* parameter, which " +"is a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object allowing bundling SSL configuration " +"options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-" +"lived) structure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1377 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8806`.)" +msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`8806` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1380 +msgid "popen" +msgstr "popen" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1382 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.popen` and :func:`subprocess.Popen` functions now support " +":keyword:`with` statements for auto-closing of the file descriptors." +msgstr "" +":func:`os.popen` 和 :func:`subprocess.Popen` 函数现在支持使用 :keyword:`with` " +"语句来自动关闭文件描述符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Brian Curtin in :issue:`7461` and " +":issue:`10554`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Brian Curtin 在 :issue:`7461` 和 :issue:`10554` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1389 +msgid "select" +msgstr "select" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`select` module now exposes a new, constant attribute, " +":const:`~select.PIPE_BUF`, which gives the minimum number of bytes which are" +" guaranteed not to block when :func:`select.select` says a pipe is ready for" +" writing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1400 +msgid "(Available on Unix systems. Patch by Sébastien Sablé in :issue:`9862`)" +msgstr "（在 Unix 系统上可用。 由 Sébastien Sablé 在 :issue:`9862` 中提供补丁）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1403 +msgid "gzip and zipfile" +msgstr "gzip 和 zipfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1405 +msgid "" +":class:`gzip.GzipFile` now implements the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` " +":term:`abstract base class` (except for ``truncate()``). It also has a " +":meth:`~gzip.GzipFile.peek` method and supports unseekable as well as zero-" +"padded file objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`gzip` module also gains the :func:`~gzip.compress` and " +":func:`~gzip.decompress` functions for easier in-memory compression and " +"decompression. Keep in mind that text needs to be encoded as :class:`bytes`" +" before compressing and decompressing:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1427 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Anand B. Pillai in :issue:`3488`; and by Antoine Pitrou, Nir" +" Aides and Brian Curtin in :issue:`9962`, :issue:`1675951`, :issue:`7471` " +"and :issue:`2846`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Anand B. Pillai 在 :issue:`3488` 中贡献，由Antoine Pitrou, Nir Aides 和 Brian " +"Curtin 在 :issue:`9962`，:issue:`1675951` ，:issue:`7471` 和 :issue:`2846` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"Also, the :class:`zipfile.ZipExtFile ` class was " +"reworked internally to represent files stored inside an archive. The new " +"implementation is significantly faster and can be wrapped in an " +":class:`io.BufferedReader` object for more speedups. It also solves an " +"issue where interleaved calls to *read* and *readline* gave the wrong " +"results." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1437 +msgid "(Patch submitted by Nir Aides in :issue:`7610`.)" +msgstr "（补丁由 Nir Aides 在 :issue:`7610` 中提交。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1440 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1442 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~tarfile.TarFile` class can now be used as a context manager. " +"In addition, its :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.add` method has a new option, " +"*filter*, that controls which files are added to the archive and allows the " +"file metadata to be edited." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"The new *filter* option replaces the older, less flexible *exclude* " +"parameter which is now deprecated. If specified, the optional *filter* " +"parameter needs to be a :term:`keyword argument`. The user-supplied filter " +"function accepts a :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object and returns an updated " +":class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object, or if it wants the file to be excluded, " +"the function can return ``None``::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1454 +msgid "" +">>> import tarfile, glob\n" +"\n" +">>> def myfilter(tarinfo):\n" +"... if tarinfo.isfile(): # only save real files\n" +"... tarinfo.uname = 'monty' # redact the user name\n" +"... return tarinfo\n" +"\n" +">>> with tarfile.open(name='myarchive.tar.gz', mode='w:gz') as tf:\n" +"... for filename in glob.glob('*.txt'):\n" +"... tf.add(filename, filter=myfilter)\n" +"... tf.list()\n" +"-rw-r--r-- monty/501 902 2011-01-26 17:59:11 annotations.txt\n" +"-rw-r--r-- monty/501 123 2011-01-26 17:59:11 general_questions.txt\n" +"-rw-r--r-- monty/501 3514 2011-01-26 17:59:11 prion.txt\n" +"-rw-r--r-- monty/501 124 2011-01-26 17:59:11 py_todo.txt\n" +"-rw-r--r-- monty/501 1399 2011-01-26 17:59:11 semaphore_notes.txt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1471 +msgid "" +"(Proposed by Tarek Ziadé and implemented by Lars Gustäbel in :issue:`6856`.)" +msgstr "（由 Tarek Ziadé 提议并由 Lars Gustäbel 在 :issue:`6856` 中实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1474 +msgid "hashlib" +msgstr "hashlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1476 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`hashlib` module has two new constant attributes listing the " +"hashing algorithms guaranteed to be present in all implementations and those" +" available on the current implementation::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1480 +msgid "" +">>> import hashlib\n" +"\n" +">>> hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed\n" +"{'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha384', 'sha256', 'sha512', 'md5'}\n" +"\n" +">>> hashlib.algorithms_available\n" +"{'md2', 'SHA256', 'SHA512', 'dsaWithSHA', 'mdc2', 'SHA224', 'MD4', 'sha256',\n" +"'sha512', 'ripemd160', 'SHA1', 'MDC2', 'SHA', 'SHA384', 'MD2',\n" +"'ecdsa-with-SHA1','md4', 'md5', 'sha1', 'DSA-SHA', 'sha224',\n" +"'dsaEncryption', 'DSA', 'RIPEMD160', 'sha', 'MD5', 'sha384'}" +msgstr "" +">>> import hashlib\n" +"\n" +">>> hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed\n" +"{'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha384', 'sha256', 'sha512', 'md5'}\n" +"\n" +">>> hashlib.algorithms_available\n" +"{'md2', 'SHA256', 'SHA512', 'dsaWithSHA', 'mdc2', 'SHA224', 'MD4', 'sha256',\n" +"'sha512', 'ripemd160', 'SHA1', 'MDC2', 'SHA', 'SHA384', 'MD2',\n" +"'ecdsa-with-SHA1','md4', 'md5', 'sha1', 'DSA-SHA', 'sha224',\n" +"'dsaEncryption', 'DSA', 'RIPEMD160', 'sha', 'MD5', 'sha384'}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1491 +msgid "(Suggested by Carl Chenet in :issue:`7418`.)" +msgstr "（由 Carl Chenet 在 :issue:`7418` 中建议。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1494 +msgid "ast" +msgstr "ast" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1496 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ast` module has a wonderful a general-purpose tool for safely " +"evaluating expression strings using the Python literal syntax. The " +":func:`ast.literal_eval` function serves as a secure alternative to the " +"builtin :func:`eval` function which is easily abused. Python 3.2 adds " +":class:`bytes` and :class:`set` literals to the list of supported types: " +"strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1505 +msgid "" +">>> from ast import literal_eval\n" +"\n" +">>> request = \"{'req': 3, 'func': 'pow', 'args': (2, 0.5)}\"\n" +">>> literal_eval(request)\n" +"{'args': (2, 0.5), 'req': 3, 'func': 'pow'}\n" +"\n" +">>> request = \"os.system('do something harmful')\"\n" +">>> literal_eval(request)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: malformed node or string: <_ast.Call object at 0x101739a10>" +msgstr "" +">>> from ast import literal_eval\n" +"\n" +">>> request = \"{'req': 3, 'func': 'pow', 'args': (2, 0.5)}\"\n" +">>> literal_eval(request)\n" +"{'args': (2, 0.5), 'req': 3, 'func': 'pow'}\n" +"\n" +">>> request = \"os.system('do something harmful')\"\n" +">>> literal_eval(request)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"ValueError: malformed node or string: <_ast.Call object at 0x101739a10>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1517 +msgid "(Implemented by Benjamin Peterson and Georg Brandl.)" +msgstr "（由Benjamin Peterson 和 Georg Brandl 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1520 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1522 +msgid "" +"Different operating systems use various encodings for filenames and " +"environment variables. The :mod:`os` module provides two new functions, " +":func:`~os.fsencode` and :func:`~os.fsdecode`, for encoding and decoding " +"filenames:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1532 +msgid "" +"Some operating systems allow direct access to encoded bytes in the " +"environment. If so, the :const:`os.supports_bytes_environ` constant will be" +" true." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"For direct access to encoded environment variables (if available), use the " +"new :func:`os.getenvb` function or use :data:`os.environb` which is a bytes " +"version of :data:`os.environ`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1540 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1543 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1545 +msgid "The :func:`shutil.copytree` function has two new options:" +msgstr ":func:`shutil.copytree` 函数增加了两个新选项:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"*ignore_dangling_symlinks*: when ``symlinks=False`` so that the function " +"copies a file pointed to by a symlink, not the symlink itself. This option " +"will silence the error raised if the file doesn't exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1551 +msgid "" +"*copy_function*: is a callable that will be used to copy files. " +":func:`shutil.copy2` is used by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1554 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1592 +msgid "(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé.)" +msgstr "（由 Tarek Ziadé 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1556 +msgid "" +"In addition, the :mod:`shutil` module now supports :ref:`archiving " +"operations ` for zipfiles, uncompressed tarfiles, " +"gzipped tarfiles, and bzipped tarfiles. And there are functions for " +"registering additional archiving file formats (such as xz compressed " +"tarfiles or custom formats)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1561 +msgid "" +"The principal functions are :func:`~shutil.make_archive` and " +":func:`~shutil.unpack_archive`. By default, both operate on the current " +"directory (which can be set by :func:`os.chdir`) and on any sub-directories." +" The archive filename needs to be specified with a full pathname. The " +"archiving step is non-destructive (the original files are left unchanged)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1569 +msgid "" +">>> import shutil, pprint\n" +"\n" +">>> os.chdir('mydata') # change to the source directory\n" +">>> f = shutil.make_archive('/var/backup/mydata',\n" +"... 'zip') # archive the current directory\n" +">>> f # show the name of archive\n" +"'/var/backup/mydata.zip'\n" +">>> os.chdir('tmp') # change to an unpacking\n" +">>> shutil.unpack_archive('/var/backup/mydata.zip') # recover the data\n" +"\n" +">>> pprint.pprint(shutil.get_archive_formats()) # display known formats\n" +"[('bztar', \"bzip2'ed tar-file\"),\n" +" ('gztar', \"gzip'ed tar-file\"),\n" +" ('tar', 'uncompressed tar file'),\n" +" ('zip', 'ZIP file')]\n" +"\n" +">>> shutil.register_archive_format( # register a new archive format\n" +"... name='xz',\n" +"... function=xz.compress, # callable archiving function\n" +"... extra_args=[('level', 8)], # arguments to the function\n" +"... description='xz compression'\n" +"... )" +msgstr "" +">>> import shutil, pprint\n" +"\n" +">>> os.chdir('mydata') # 改至源目录\n" +">>> f = shutil.make_archive('/var/backup/mydata',\n" +"... 'zip') # 将当前目录归档\n" +">>> f # 显示归档文件名\n" +"'/var/backup/mydata.zip'\n" +">>> os.chdir('tmp') # 改至解包目录\n" +">>> shutil.unpack_archive('/var/backup/mydata.zip') # 恢复数据\n" +"\n" +">>> pprint.pprint(shutil.get_archive_formats()) # 显示已知格式\n" +"[('bztar', \"bzip2'ed tar-file\"),\n" +" ('gztar', \"gzip'ed tar-file\"),\n" +" ('tar', 'uncompressed tar file'),\n" +" ('zip', 'ZIP file')]\n" +"\n" +">>> shutil.register_archive_format( # 注册新的归档格式\n" +"... name='xz',\n" +"... function=xz.compress, # 可调用的归档函数\n" +"... extra_args=[('level', 8)], # 函数的参数\n" +"... description='xz compression'\n" +"... )" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1595 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1597 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sqlite3` module was updated to pysqlite version 2.6.0. It has two" +" new capabilities." +msgstr ":mod:`sqlite3` 模块被更新至 pysqlite 2.6.0 版。 它拥有两个新功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1599 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`!sqlite3.Connection.in_transit` attribute is true if there is an " +"active transaction for uncommitted changes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1602 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` and " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.load_extension` methods allows you to load SQLite " +"extensions from \".so\" files. One well-known extension is the fulltext-" +"search extension distributed with SQLite." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1607 +msgid "(Contributed by R. David Murray and Shashwat Anand; :issue:`8845`.)" +msgstr "（由 R. David Murray 和 Shashwat Anand 在 :issue:`8845` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1610 +msgid "html" +msgstr "html" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1612 +msgid "" +"A new :mod:`html` module was introduced with only a single function, " +":func:`~html.escape`, which is used for escaping reserved characters from " +"HTML markup:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1621 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1623 +msgid "The :mod:`socket` module has two new improvements." +msgstr ":mod:`socket` 模块有两项新改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1625 +msgid "" +"Socket objects now have a :meth:`~socket.socket.detach` method which puts " +"the socket into closed state without actually closing the underlying file " +"descriptor. The latter can then be reused for other purposes. (Added by " +"Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8524`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1630 +msgid "" +":func:`socket.create_connection` now supports the context management " +"protocol to unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to " +"close the socket when done. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; " +":issue:`9794`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1636 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1638 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ssl` module added a number of features to satisfy common " +"requirements for secure (encrypted, authenticated) internet connections:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1641 +msgid "" +"A new class, :class:`~ssl.SSLContext`, serves as a container for persistent " +"SSL data, such as protocol settings, certificates, private keys, and various" +" other options. It includes a :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for " +"creating an SSL socket from an SSL context." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"A new function, :func:`!ssl.match_hostname`, supports server identity " +"verification for higher-level protocols by implementing the rules of HTTPS " +"(from :rfc:`2818`) which are also suitable for other protocols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"The :func:`ssl.wrap_socket() ` constructor " +"function now takes a *ciphers* argument. The *ciphers* string lists the " +"allowed encryption algorithms using the format described in the `OpenSSL " +"documentation `__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1655 +msgid "" +"When linked against recent versions of OpenSSL, the :mod:`ssl` module now " +"supports the Server Name Indication extension to the TLS protocol, allowing " +"multiple \"virtual hosts\" using different certificates on a single IP port." +" This extension is only supported in client mode, and is activated by " +"passing the *server_hostname* argument to " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1661 +msgid "" +"Various options have been added to the :mod:`ssl` module, such as " +":data:`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2` which disables the insecure and obsolete SSLv2 " +"protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"The extension now loads all the OpenSSL ciphers and digest algorithms. If " +"some SSL certificates cannot be verified, they are reported as an \"unknown " +"algorithm\" error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1669 +msgid "" +"The version of OpenSSL being used is now accessible using the module " +"attributes :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string), " +":const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and " +":const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1674 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`8850`, :issue:`1589`, " +":issue:`8322`, :issue:`5639`, :issue:`4870`, :issue:`8484`, and " +":issue:`8321`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`8850`, :issue:`1589`, :issue:`8322`, " +":issue:`5639`, :issue:`4870`, :issue:`8484` 和 :issue:`8321` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1678 +msgid "nntp" +msgstr "nntp" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1680 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!nntplib` module has a revamped implementation with better bytes " +"and text semantics as well as more practical APIs. These improvements break" +" compatibility with the nntplib version in Python 3.1, which was partly " +"dysfunctional in itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"Support for secure connections through both implicit (using " +":class:`!nntplib.NNTP_SSL`) and explicit (using " +":meth:`!nntplib.NNTP.starttls`) TLS has also been added." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1689 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`9360` and Andrew Vant in " +":issue:`1926`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`9360` 中贡献，由 Andrew Vant 在 :issue:`1926` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1692 +msgid "certificates" +msgstr "certificates" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1694 +msgid "" +":class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`, :class:`urllib.request.HTTPSHandler` " +"and :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` now take optional arguments to allow for " +"server certificate checking against a set of Certificate Authorities, as " +"recommended in public uses of HTTPS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1699 +msgid "(Added by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`9003`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 添加，:issue:`9003`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1702 +msgid "imaplib" +msgstr "imaplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1704 +msgid "" +"Support for explicit TLS on standard IMAP4 connections has been added " +"through the new :mod:`imaplib.IMAP4.starttls` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1707 +msgid "(Contributed by Lorenzo M. Catucci and Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`4471`.)" +msgstr "（由 Lorenzo M. Catucci 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`4471` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1710 +msgid "http.client" +msgstr "http.client" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1712 +msgid "" +"There were a number of small API improvements in the :mod:`http.client` " +"module. The old-style HTTP 0.9 simple responses are no longer supported and " +"the *strict* parameter is deprecated in all classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1716 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` and " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` classes now have a *source_address* " +"parameter for a (host, port) tuple indicating where the HTTP connection is " +"made from." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1721 +msgid "" +"Support for certificate checking and HTTPS virtual hosts were added to " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1724 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.request` method on connection objects" +" allowed an optional *body* argument so that a :term:`file object` could be " +"used to supply the content of the request. Conveniently, the *body* " +"argument now also accepts an :term:`iterable` object so long as it includes " +"an explicit ``Content-Length`` header. This extended interface is much more" +" flexible than before." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1731 +msgid "" +"To establish an HTTPS connection through a proxy server, there is a new " +":meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.set_tunnel` method that sets the host and" +" port for HTTP Connect tunneling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1735 +msgid "" +"To match the behavior of :mod:`http.server`, the HTTP client library now " +"also encodes headers with ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) encoding. It was already " +"doing that for incoming headers, so now the behavior is consistent for both " +"incoming and outgoing traffic. (See work by Armin Ronacher in " +":issue:`10980`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1741 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1743 +msgid "" +"The unittest module has a number of improvements supporting test discovery " +"for packages, easier experimentation at the interactive prompt, new testcase" +" methods, improved diagnostic messages for test failures, and better method " +"names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1748 +msgid "" +"The command-line call ``python -m unittest`` can now accept file paths " +"instead of module names for running specific tests (:issue:`10620`). The " +"new test discovery can find tests within packages, locating any test " +"importable from the top-level directory. The top-level directory can be " +"specified with the ``-t`` option, a pattern for matching files with ``-p``, " +"and a directory to start discovery with ``-s``:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1755 +msgid "$ python -m unittest discover -s my_proj_dir -p _test.py" +msgstr "$ python -m unittest discover -s my_proj_dir -p _test.py" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1759 ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1768 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1924 +msgid "(Contributed by Michael Foord.)" +msgstr "（由 Michael Foord 贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1761 +msgid "" +"Experimentation at the interactive prompt is now easier because the " +":class:`unittest.TestCase` class can now be instantiated without arguments:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1770 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unittest` module has two new methods, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertWarns` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertWarnsRegex` to verify that a given warning " +"type is triggered by the code under test::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):\n" +" legacy_function('XYZ')" +msgstr "" +"with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):\n" +" legacy_function('XYZ')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1778 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`9754`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`9754` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1780 +msgid "" +"Another new method, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertCountEqual` is used to " +"compare two iterables to determine if their element counts are equal " +"(whether the same elements are present with the same number of occurrences " +"regardless of order)::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1785 +msgid "" +"def test_anagram(self):\n" +" self.assertCountEqual('algorithm', 'logarithm')" +msgstr "" +"def test_anagram(self):\n" +" self.assertCountEqual('algorithm', 'logarithm')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"A principal feature of the unittest module is an effort to produce " +"meaningful diagnostics when a test fails. When possible, the failure is " +"recorded along with a diff of the output. This is especially helpful for " +"analyzing log files of failed test runs. However, since diffs can sometime " +"be voluminous, there is a new :attr:`~unittest.TestCase.maxDiff` attribute " +"that sets maximum length of diffs displayed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1797 +msgid "" +"In addition, the method names in the module have undergone a number of " +"clean-ups." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"For example, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRegex` is the new name for " +":meth:`!assertRegexpMatches` which was misnamed because the test uses " +":func:`re.search`, not :func:`re.match`. Other methods using regular " +"expressions are now named using short form \"Regex\" in preference to " +"\"Regexp\" -- this matches the names used in other unittest implementations," +" matches Python's old name for the :mod:`re` module, and it has unambiguous " +"camel-casing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1807 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Ezio Melotti.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献并由 Ezio Melotti 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"To improve consistency, some long-standing method aliases are being " +"deprecated in favor of the preferred names:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1813 +msgid "Old Name" +msgstr "旧名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1813 +msgid "Preferred Name" +msgstr "首选名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1815 +msgid ":meth:`!assert_`" +msgstr ":meth:`!assert_`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1815 +msgid ":meth:`.assertTrue`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertTrue`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1816 +msgid ":meth:`!assertEquals`" +msgstr ":meth:`!assertEquals`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1816 +msgid ":meth:`.assertEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1817 +msgid ":meth:`!assertNotEquals`" +msgstr ":meth:`!assertNotEquals`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1817 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1818 +msgid ":meth:`!assertAlmostEquals`" +msgstr ":meth:`!assertAlmostEquals`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1818 +msgid ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1819 +msgid ":meth:`!assertNotAlmostEquals`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1819 +msgid ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`" +msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1822 +msgid "" +"Likewise, the ``TestCase.fail*`` methods deprecated in Python 3.1 are " +"expected to be removed in Python 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1825 +msgid "(Contributed by Ezio Melotti; :issue:`9424`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ezio Melotti 在 :issue:`9424` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1827 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!assertDictContainsSubset` method was deprecated because it was " +"misimplemented with the arguments in the wrong order. This created hard-to-" +"debug optical illusions where tests like " +"``TestCase().assertDictContainsSubset({'a':1, 'b':2}, {'a':1})`` would fail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1835 +msgid "random" +msgstr "random" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1837 +msgid "" +"The integer methods in the :mod:`random` module now do a better job of " +"producing uniform distributions. Previously, they computed selections with " +"``int(n*random())`` which had a slight bias whenever *n* was not a power of " +"two. Now, multiple selections are made from a range up to the next power of " +"two and a selection is kept only when it falls within the range ``0 <= x < " +"n``. The functions and methods affected are :func:`~random.randrange`, " +":func:`~random.randint`, :func:`~random.choice`, :func:`~random.shuffle` and" +" :func:`~random.sample`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1846 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`9025`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`9025` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1849 +msgid "poplib" +msgstr "poplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1851 +msgid "" +":class:`~poplib.POP3_SSL` class now accepts a *context* parameter, which is " +"a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object allowing bundling SSL configuration " +"options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-" +"lived) structure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1856 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8807`.)" +msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`8807` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1859 +msgid "asyncore" +msgstr "asyncore" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1861 +msgid "" +":class:`!asyncore.dispatcher` now provides a :meth:`!handle_accepted` method" +" returning a ``(sock, addr)`` pair which is called when a connection has " +"actually been established with a new remote endpoint. This is supposed to be" +" used as a replacement for old :meth:`!handle_accept` and avoids the user " +"to call :meth:`!accept` directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1868 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`6706`.)" +msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`6706` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1871 +msgid "tempfile" +msgstr "tempfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1873 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tempfile` module has a new context manager, " +":class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` which provides easy deterministic " +"cleanup of temporary directories::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1877 +msgid "" +"with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:\n" +" print('created temporary dir:', tmpdirname)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1880 +msgid "(Contributed by Neil Schemenauer and Nick Coghlan; :issue:`5178`.)" +msgstr "（由 Neil Schemenauer 和 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`5178` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1883 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1885 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`inspect` module has a new function " +":func:`~inspect.getgeneratorstate` to easily identify the current state of a" +" generator-iterator::" +msgstr "" +":mod:`inspect` 模块有一个新函数 :func:`~inspect.getgeneratorstate` " +"用来方便地标识一个生成器迭代器的当前状态::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1889 +msgid "" +">>> from inspect import getgeneratorstate\n" +">>> def gen():\n" +"... yield 'demo'\n" +"...\n" +">>> g = gen()\n" +">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n" +"'GEN_CREATED'\n" +">>> next(g)\n" +"'demo'\n" +">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n" +"'GEN_SUSPENDED'\n" +">>> next(g, None)\n" +">>> getgeneratorstate(g)\n" +"'GEN_CLOSED'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1904 +msgid "(Contributed by Rodolpho Eckhardt and Nick Coghlan, :issue:`10220`.)" +msgstr "（由 Rodolpho Eckhardt 和 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`10220` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1906 +msgid "" +"To support lookups without the possibility of activating a dynamic " +"attribute, the :mod:`inspect` module has a new function, " +":func:`~inspect.getattr_static`. Unlike :func:`hasattr`, this is a true " +"read-only search, guaranteed not to change state while it is searching::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1911 +msgid "" +">>> class A:\n" +"... @property\n" +"... def f(self):\n" +"... print('Running')\n" +"... return 10\n" +"...\n" +">>> a = A()\n" +">>> getattr(a, 'f')\n" +"Running\n" +"10\n" +">>> inspect.getattr_static(a, 'f')\n" +"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1927 +msgid "pydoc" +msgstr "pydoc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1929 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pydoc` module now provides a much-improved web server interface, " +"as well as a new command-line option ``-b`` to automatically open a browser " +"window to display that server:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1933 +msgid "$ pydoc3.2 -b" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1937 +msgid "(Contributed by Ron Adam; :issue:`2001`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ron Adam 在 :issue:`2001` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1940 +msgid "dis" +msgstr "dis" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1942 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dis` module gained two new functions for inspecting code, " +":func:`~dis.code_info` and :func:`~dis.show_code`. Both provide detailed " +"code object information for the supplied function, method, source code " +"string or code object. The former returns a string and the latter prints " +"it::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1947 +msgid "" +">>> import dis, random\n" +">>> dis.show_code(random.choice)\n" +"Name: choice\n" +"Filename: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/python3.2/random.py\n" +"Argument count: 2\n" +"Kw-only arguments: 0\n" +"Number of locals: 3\n" +"Stack size: 11\n" +"Flags: OPTIMIZED, NEWLOCALS, NOFREE\n" +"Constants:\n" +" 0: 'Choose a random element from a non-empty sequence.'\n" +" 1: 'Cannot choose from an empty sequence'\n" +"Names:\n" +" 0: _randbelow\n" +" 1: len\n" +" 2: ValueError\n" +" 3: IndexError\n" +"Variable names:\n" +" 0: self\n" +" 1: seq\n" +" 2: i" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1969 +msgid "" +"In addition, the :func:`~dis.dis` function now accepts string arguments so " +"that the common idiom ``dis(compile(s, '', 'eval'))`` can be shortened to " +"``dis(s)``::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1973 +msgid "" +">>> dis('3*x+1 if x%2==1 else x//2')\n" +" 1 0 LOAD_NAME 0 (x)\n" +" 3 LOAD_CONST 0 (2)\n" +" 6 BINARY_MODULO\n" +" 7 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)\n" +" 10 COMPARE_OP 2 (==)\n" +" 13 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 28\n" +" 16 LOAD_CONST 2 (3)\n" +" 19 LOAD_NAME 0 (x)\n" +" 22 BINARY_MULTIPLY\n" +" 23 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)\n" +" 26 BINARY_ADD\n" +" 27 RETURN_VALUE\n" +" >> 28 LOAD_NAME 0 (x)\n" +" 31 LOAD_CONST 0 (2)\n" +" 34 BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE\n" +" 35 RETURN_VALUE" +msgstr "" +">>> dis('3*x+1 if x%2==1 else x//2')\n" +" 1 0 LOAD_NAME 0 (x)\n" +" 3 LOAD_CONST 0 (2)\n" +" 6 BINARY_MODULO\n" +" 7 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)\n" +" 10 COMPARE_OP 2 (==)\n" +" 13 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 28\n" +" 16 LOAD_CONST 2 (3)\n" +" 19 LOAD_NAME 0 (x)\n" +" 22 BINARY_MULTIPLY\n" +" 23 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)\n" +" 26 BINARY_ADD\n" +" 27 RETURN_VALUE\n" +" >> 28 LOAD_NAME 0 (x)\n" +" 31 LOAD_CONST 0 (2)\n" +" 34 BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE\n" +" 35 RETURN_VALUE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1991 +msgid "" +"Taken together, these improvements make it easier to explore how CPython is " +"implemented and to see for yourself what the language syntax does under-the-" +"hood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1995 +msgid "(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`9147`.)" +msgstr "（由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`9147` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:1998 +msgid "dbm" +msgstr "dbm" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2000 +msgid "" +"All database modules now support the :meth:`!get` and :meth:`!setdefault` " +"methods." +msgstr "所有数据库模块现在均支持 :meth:`!get` 和 :meth:`!setdefault` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2002 +msgid "(Suggested by Ray Allen in :issue:`9523`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ray Allen 在 :issue:`9523` 中建议。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2005 +msgid "ctypes" +msgstr "ctypes" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2007 +msgid "" +"A new type, :class:`ctypes.c_ssize_t` represents the C :c:type:`ssize_t` " +"datatype." +msgstr "一个新类型 :class:`ctypes.c_ssize_t` 用来表示 C :c:type:`ssize_t` 数据类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2010 +msgid "site" +msgstr "site" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2012 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`site` module has three new functions useful for reporting on the " +"details of a given Python installation." +msgstr ":mod:`site` 模块新增了三个用于报告给定 Python 安装版详细信息的函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2015 +msgid "" +":func:`~site.getsitepackages` lists all global site-packages directories." +msgstr ":func:`~site.getsitepackages` 列出所有全局 site-packages 目录。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2017 +msgid "" +":func:`~site.getuserbase` reports on the user's base directory where data " +"can be stored." +msgstr ":func:`~site.getuserbase` 报告可用来存储数据的用户基准目录。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2020 +msgid "" +":func:`~site.getusersitepackages` reveals the user-specific site-packages " +"directory path." +msgstr ":func:`~site.getusersitepackages` 将揭示用户专属的 site-packages 目录路径。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2025 +msgid "" +">>> import site\n" +">>> site.getsitepackages()\n" +"['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/python3.2/site-packages',\n" +" '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/site-python',\n" +" '/Library/Python/3.2/site-packages']\n" +">>> site.getuserbase()\n" +"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2'\n" +">>> site.getusersitepackages()\n" +"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2/lib/python/site-packages'" +msgstr "" +">>> import site\n" +">>> site.getsitepackages()\n" +"['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/python3.2/site-packages',\n" +" '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.2/lib/site-python',\n" +" '/Library/Python/3.2/site-packages']\n" +">>> site.getuserbase()\n" +"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2'\n" +">>> site.getusersitepackages()\n" +"'/Users/raymondhettinger/Library/Python/3.2/lib/python/site-packages'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2035 +msgid "" +"Conveniently, some of site's functionality is accessible directly from the " +"command-line:" +msgstr "部分 site 功能可方便地直接通过命令行访问：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2038 +msgid "" +"$ python -m site --user-base\n" +"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local\n" +"$ python -m site --user-site\n" +"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local/lib/python3.2/site-packages" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m site --user-base\n" +"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local\n" +"$ python -m site --user-site\n" +"/Users/raymondhettinger/.local/lib/python3.2/site-packages" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2045 +msgid "(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé in :issue:`6693`.)" +msgstr "（由 Tarek Ziadé 在 :issue:`6693` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2048 +msgid "sysconfig" +msgstr "sysconfig" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2050 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`sysconfig` module makes it straightforward to discover " +"installation paths and configuration variables that vary across platforms " +"and installations." +msgstr "新增的 :mod:`sysconfig` 模块使得发现依赖于不同系统平台和安装版的安装路径和配置变量更为简单直观。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2054 +msgid "" +"The module offers access simple access functions for platform and version " +"information:" +msgstr "该模块提供了对平台和版本信息获取函数的访问：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2057 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_platform` returning values like *linux-i586* or " +"*macosx-10.6-ppc*." +msgstr "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_platform` 将返回 *linux-i586* 或 *macosx-10.6-ppc* 形式的值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2059 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_python_version` returns a Python version string such " +"as \"3.2\"." +msgstr ":func:`~sysconfig.get_python_version` 将返回 Python 版本字符串如 \"3.2\"。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2062 +msgid "" +"It also provides access to the paths and variables corresponding to one of " +"seven named schemes used by ``distutils``. Those include *posix_prefix*, " +"*posix_home*, *posix_user*, *nt*, *nt_user*, *os2*, *os2_home*:" +msgstr "" +"它还提供了与 ``distutils`` 所使用的七个规范名称所对应的路径和变量的访问。 这包括 *posix_prefix*, " +"*posix_home*, *posix_user*, *nt*, *nt_user*, *os2*, *os2_home*:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2066 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_paths` makes a dictionary containing installation " +"paths for the current installation scheme." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2068 +msgid "" +":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_vars` returns a dictionary of platform specific" +" variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2071 +msgid "There is also a convenient command-line interface:" +msgstr "还有一个方便的命令行界面：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2073 +msgid "" +"C:\\Python32>python -m sysconfig\n" +"Platform: \"win32\"\n" +"Python version: \"3.2\"\n" +"Current installation scheme: \"nt\"\n" +"\n" +"Paths:\n" +" data = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" include = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n" +" platinclude = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n" +" platlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n" +" platstdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +" purelib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n" +" scripts = \"C:\\Python32\\Scripts\"\n" +" stdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +"\n" +"Variables:\n" +" BINDIR = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" BINLIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +" EXE = \".exe\"\n" +" INCLUDEPY = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n" +" LIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +" SO = \".pyd\"\n" +" VERSION = \"32\"\n" +" abiflags = \"\"\n" +" base = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" exec_prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" platbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" projectbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" py_version = \"3.2\"\n" +" py_version_nodot = \"32\"\n" +" py_version_short = \"3.2\"\n" +" srcdir = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" userbase = \"C:\\Documents and Settings\\Raymond\\Application Data\\Python\"" +msgstr "" +"C:\\Python32>python -m sysconfig\n" +"Platform: \"win32\"\n" +"Python version: \"3.2\"\n" +"Current installation scheme: \"nt\"\n" +"\n" +"Paths:\n" +" data = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" include = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n" +" platinclude = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n" +" platlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n" +" platstdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +" purelib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\\site-packages\"\n" +" scripts = \"C:\\Python32\\Scripts\"\n" +" stdlib = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +"\n" +"Variables:\n" +" BINDIR = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" BINLIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +" EXE = \".exe\"\n" +" INCLUDEPY = \"C:\\Python32\\Include\"\n" +" LIBDEST = \"C:\\Python32\\Lib\"\n" +" SO = \".pyd\"\n" +" VERSION = \"32\"\n" +" abiflags = \"\"\n" +" base = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" exec_prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" platbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" prefix = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" projectbase = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" py_version = \"3.2\"\n" +" py_version_nodot = \"32\"\n" +" py_version_short = \"3.2\"\n" +" srcdir = \"C:\\Python32\"\n" +" userbase = \"C:\\Documents and Settings\\Raymond\\Application Data\\Python\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2110 +msgid "(Moved out of Distutils by Tarek Ziadé.)" +msgstr "（由TarekZiadé 移出Distutils。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2113 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2115 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pdb` debugger module gained a number of usability improvements:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2117 +msgid "" +":file:`pdb.py` now has a ``-c`` option that executes commands as given in a " +":file:`.pdbrc` script file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2119 +msgid "" +"A :file:`.pdbrc` script file can contain ``continue`` and ``next`` commands " +"that continue debugging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2121 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~pdb.Pdb` class constructor now accepts a *nosigint* argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2122 +msgid "" +"New commands: ``l(list)``, ``ll(long list)`` and ``source`` for listing " +"source code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"New commands: ``display`` and ``undisplay`` for showing or hiding the value " +"of an expression if it has changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2126 +msgid "" +"New command: ``interact`` for starting an interactive interpreter containing" +" the global and local names found in the current scope." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2128 +msgid "Breakpoints can be cleared by breakpoint number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2130 +msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl, Antonio Cuni and Ilya Sandler.)" +msgstr "（由Georg Brandl, Antonio Cuni 和 Ilya Sandler 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2133 +msgid "configparser" +msgstr "configparser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2135 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`configparser` module was modified to improve usability and " +"predictability of the default parser and its supported INI syntax. The old " +":class:`!ConfigParser` class was removed in favor of " +":class:`!SafeConfigParser` which has in turn been renamed to " +":class:`~configparser.ConfigParser`. Support for inline comments is now " +"turned off by default and section or option duplicates are not allowed in a " +"single configuration source." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2142 +msgid "Config parsers gained a new API based on the mapping protocol::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2144 +msgid "" +">>> parser = ConfigParser()\n" +">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [DEFAULT]\n" +"... location = upper left\n" +"... visible = yes\n" +"... editable = no\n" +"... color = blue\n" +"...\n" +"... [main]\n" +"... title = Main Menu\n" +"... color = green\n" +"...\n" +"... [options]\n" +"... title = Options\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> parser['main']['color']\n" +"'green'\n" +">>> parser['main']['editable']\n" +"'no'\n" +">>> section = parser['options']\n" +">>> section['title']\n" +"'Options'\n" +">>> section['title'] = 'Options (editable: %(editable)s)'\n" +">>> section['title']\n" +"'Options (editable: no)'" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = ConfigParser()\n" +">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [DEFAULT]\n" +"... location = upper left\n" +"... visible = yes\n" +"... editable = no\n" +"... color = blue\n" +"...\n" +"... [main]\n" +"... title = Main Menu\n" +"... color = green\n" +"...\n" +"... [options]\n" +"... title = Options\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> parser['main']['color']\n" +"'green'\n" +">>> parser['main']['editable']\n" +"'no'\n" +">>> section = parser['options']\n" +">>> section['title']\n" +"'Options'\n" +">>> section['title'] = 'Options (editable: %(editable)s)'\n" +">>> section['title']\n" +"'Options (editable: no)'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"The new API is implemented on top of the classical API, so custom parser " +"subclasses should be able to use it without modifications." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2173 +msgid "" +"The INI file structure accepted by config parsers can now be customized. " +"Users can specify alternative option/value delimiters and comment prefixes, " +"change the name of the *DEFAULT* section or switch the interpolation syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2177 +msgid "" +"There is support for pluggable interpolation including an additional " +"interpolation handler :class:`~configparser.ExtendedInterpolation`::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2180 +msgid "" +">>> parser = ConfigParser(interpolation=ExtendedInterpolation())\n" +">>> parser.read_dict({'buildout': {'directory': '/home/ambv/zope9'},\n" +"... 'custom': {'prefix': '/usr/local'}})\n" +">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [buildout]\n" +"... parts =\n" +"... zope9\n" +"... instance\n" +"... find-links =\n" +"... ${buildout:directory}/downloads/dist\n" +"...\n" +"... [zope9]\n" +"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9install\n" +"... location = /opt/zope\n" +"...\n" +"... [instance]\n" +"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9instance\n" +"... zope9-location = ${zope9:location}\n" +"... zope-conf = ${custom:prefix}/etc/zope.conf\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> parser['buildout']['find-links']\n" +"'\\n/home/ambv/zope9/downloads/dist'\n" +">>> parser['instance']['zope-conf']\n" +"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n" +">>> instance = parser['instance']\n" +">>> instance['zope-conf']\n" +"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n" +">>> instance['zope9-location']\n" +"'/opt/zope'" +msgstr "" +">>> parser = ConfigParser(interpolation=ExtendedInterpolation())\n" +">>> parser.read_dict({'buildout': {'directory': '/home/ambv/zope9'},\n" +"... 'custom': {'prefix': '/usr/local'}})\n" +">>> parser.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [buildout]\n" +"... parts =\n" +"... zope9\n" +"... instance\n" +"... find-links =\n" +"... ${buildout:directory}/downloads/dist\n" +"...\n" +"... [zope9]\n" +"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9install\n" +"... location = /opt/zope\n" +"...\n" +"... [instance]\n" +"... recipe = plone.recipe.zope9instance\n" +"... zope9-location = ${zope9:location}\n" +"... zope-conf = ${custom:prefix}/etc/zope.conf\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> parser['buildout']['find-links']\n" +"'\\n/home/ambv/zope9/downloads/dist'\n" +">>> parser['instance']['zope-conf']\n" +"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n" +">>> instance = parser['instance']\n" +">>> instance['zope-conf']\n" +"'/usr/local/etc/zope.conf'\n" +">>> instance['zope9-location']\n" +"'/opt/zope'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2210 +msgid "" +"A number of smaller features were also introduced, like support for " +"specifying encoding in read operations, specifying fallback values for get-" +"functions, or reading directly from dictionaries and strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2214 +msgid "(All changes contributed by Łukasz Langa.)" +msgstr "（所有改变均由 Łukasz Langa 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2219 +msgid "urllib.parse" +msgstr "urllib.parse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2221 +msgid "" +"A number of usability improvements were made for the :mod:`urllib.parse` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2223 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` function now supports `IPv6 " +"`_ addresses as described in " +":rfc:`2732`:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2235 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~urllib.parse.urldefrag` function now returns a :term:`named " +"tuple`::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2237 +msgid "" +">>> r = urllib.parse.urldefrag('http://python.org/about/#target')\n" +">>> r\n" +"DefragResult(url='http://python.org/about/', fragment='target')\n" +">>> r[0]\n" +"'http://python.org/about/'\n" +">>> r.fragment\n" +"'target'" +msgstr "" +">>> r = urllib.parse.urldefrag('http://python.org/about/#target')\n" +">>> r\n" +"DefragResult(url='http://python.org/about/', fragment='target')\n" +">>> r[0]\n" +"'http://python.org/about/'\n" +">>> r.fragment\n" +"'target'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2245 +msgid "" +"And, the :func:`~urllib.parse.urlencode` function is now much more flexible," +" accepting either a string or bytes type for the *query* argument. If it is" +" a string, then the *safe*, *encoding*, and *error* parameters are sent to " +":func:`~urllib.parse.quote_plus` for encoding::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2250 +msgid "" +">>> urllib.parse.urlencode([\n" +"... ('type', 'telenovela'),\n" +"... ('name', '¿Dónde Está Elisa?')],\n" +"... encoding='latin-1')\n" +"'type=telenovela&name=%BFD%F3nde+Est%E1+Elisa%3F'" +msgstr "" +">>> urllib.parse.urlencode([\n" +"... ('type', 'telenovela'),\n" +"... ('name', '¿Dónde Está Elisa?')],\n" +"... encoding='latin-1')\n" +"'type=telenovela&name=%BFD%F3nde+Est%E1+Elisa%3F'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"As detailed in :ref:`parsing-ascii-encoded-bytes`, all the " +":mod:`urllib.parse` functions now accept ASCII-encoded byte strings as " +"input, so long as they are not mixed with regular strings. If ASCII-encoded" +" byte strings are given as parameters, the return types will also be an " +"ASCII-encoded byte strings:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2265 +msgid "" +"(Work by Nick Coghlan, Dan Mahn, and Senthil Kumaran in :issue:`2987`, " +":issue:`5468`, and :issue:`9873`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2269 +msgid "mailbox" +msgstr "mailbox" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2271 +msgid "" +"Thanks to a concerted effort by R. David Murray, the :mod:`mailbox` module " +"has been fixed for Python 3.2. The challenge was that mailbox had been " +"originally designed with a text interface, but email messages are best " +"represented with :class:`bytes` because various parts of a message may have " +"different encodings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2276 +msgid "" +"The solution harnessed the :mod:`email` package's binary support for parsing" +" arbitrary email messages. In addition, the solution required a number of " +"API changes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2280 +msgid "" +"As expected, the :meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox.add` method for " +":class:`mailbox.Mailbox` objects now accepts binary input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2283 +msgid "" +":class:`~io.StringIO` and text file input are deprecated. Also, string " +"input will fail early if non-ASCII characters are used. Previously it would" +" fail when the email was processed in a later step." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2287 +msgid "" +"There is also support for binary output. The " +":meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox.get_file` method now returns a file in the binary " +"mode (where it used to incorrectly set the file to text-mode). There is " +"also a new :meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox.get_bytes` method that returns a " +":class:`bytes` representation of a message corresponding to a given *key*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2293 +msgid "" +"It is still possible to get non-binary output using the old API's " +":meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox.get_string` method, but that approach is not very " +"useful. Instead, it is best to extract messages from a " +":class:`~mailbox.Message` object or to load them from binary input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2298 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by R. David Murray, with efforts from Steffen Daode Nurpmeso " +"and an initial patch by Victor Stinner in :issue:`9124`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2302 +msgid "turtledemo" +msgstr "turtledemo" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2304 +msgid "" +"The demonstration code for the :mod:`turtle` module was moved from the " +"*Demo* directory to main library. It includes over a dozen sample scripts " +"with lively displays. Being on :data:`sys.path`, it can now be run directly" +" from the command-line:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2309 +msgid "$ python -m turtledemo" +msgstr "$ python -m turtledemo" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2313 +msgid "" +"(Moved from the Demo directory by Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`10199`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2316 +msgid "Multi-threading" +msgstr "多线程" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2318 +msgid "" +"The mechanism for serializing execution of concurrently running Python " +"threads (generally known as the :term:`GIL` or Global Interpreter Lock) has " +"been rewritten. Among the objectives were more predictable switching " +"intervals and reduced overhead due to lock contention and the number of " +"ensuing system calls. The notion of a \"check interval\" to allow thread " +"switches has been abandoned and replaced by an absolute duration expressed " +"in seconds. This parameter is tunable through " +":func:`sys.setswitchinterval`. It currently defaults to 5 milliseconds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2327 +msgid "" +"Additional details about the implementation can be read from a `python-dev " +"mailing-list message `_ (however, \"priority requests\" as exposed " +"in this message have not been kept for inclusion)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2333 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2335 +msgid "" +"Regular and recursive locks now accept an optional *timeout* argument to " +"their :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` method. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou; :issue:`7316`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2339 +msgid "" +"Similarly, :meth:`threading.Semaphore.acquire` also gained a *timeout* " +"argument. (Contributed by Torsten Landschoff; :issue:`850728`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2342 +msgid "" +"Regular and recursive lock acquisitions can now be interrupted by signals on" +" platforms using Pthreads. This means that Python programs that deadlock " +"while acquiring locks can be successfully killed by repeatedly sending " +"SIGINT to the process (by pressing :kbd:`Ctrl+C` in most shells). " +"(Contributed by Reid Kleckner; :issue:`8844`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2350 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2352 +msgid "A number of small performance enhancements have been added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2354 +msgid "" +"Python's peephole optimizer now recognizes patterns such ``x in {1, 2, 3}`` " +"as being a test for membership in a set of constants. The optimizer recasts" +" the :class:`set` as a :class:`frozenset` and stores the pre-built constant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2358 +msgid "" +"Now that the speed penalty is gone, it is practical to start writing " +"membership tests using set-notation. This style is both semantically clear " +"and operationally fast::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2362 +msgid "" +"extension = name.rpartition('.')[2]\n" +"if extension in {'xml', 'html', 'xhtml', 'css'}:\n" +" handle(name)" +msgstr "" +"extension = name.rpartition('.')[2]\n" +"if extension in {'xml', 'html', 'xhtml', 'css'}:\n" +" handle(name)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2366 +msgid "" +"(Patch and additional tests contributed by Dave Malcolm; :issue:`6690`)." +msgstr "（补丁和附加测试由 Dave Malcolm 在 :issue:`6690` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2368 +msgid "" +"Serializing and unserializing data using the :mod:`pickle` module is now " +"several times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2371 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Alexandre Vassalotti, Antoine Pitrou and the Unladen Swallow" +" team in :issue:`9410` and :issue:`3873`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Alexandre Vassalotti, Antoine Pitrou 和 Unladen Swallow 团队在 :issue:`9410` " +"和 :issue:`3873` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2374 +msgid "" +"The `Timsort algorithm `_ used in " +":meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` now runs faster and uses less memory " +"when called with a :term:`key function`. Previously, every element of a " +"list was wrapped with a temporary object that remembered the key value " +"associated with each element. Now, two arrays of keys and values are sorted" +" in parallel. This saves the memory consumed by the sort wrappers, and it " +"saves time lost to delegating comparisons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2382 +msgid "(Patch by Daniel Stutzbach in :issue:`9915`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2384 +msgid "" +"JSON decoding performance is improved and memory consumption is reduced " +"whenever the same string is repeated for multiple keys. Also, JSON encoding" +" now uses the C speedups when the ``sort_keys`` argument is true." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2388 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`7451` and by Raymond Hettinger and" +" Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`10314`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`7451` 中贡献，由 Raymond Hettinger 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`10314` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2391 +msgid "" +"Recursive locks (created with the :func:`threading.RLock` API) now benefit " +"from a C implementation which makes them as fast as regular locks, and " +"between 10x and 15x faster than their previous pure Python implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2395 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`3001`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`3001` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2397 +msgid "" +"The fast-search algorithm in stringlib is now used by the " +":meth:`~str.split`, :meth:`~str.rsplit`, :meth:`~str.splitlines` and " +":meth:`~str.replace` methods on :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` and " +":class:`str` objects. Likewise, the algorithm is also used by " +":meth:`~str.rfind`, :meth:`~str.rindex`, :meth:`~str.rsplit` and " +":meth:`~str.rpartition`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2403 +msgid "(Patch by Florent Xicluna in :issue:`7622` and :issue:`7462`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2406 +msgid "" +"Integer to string conversions now work two \"digits\" at a time, reducing " +"the number of division and modulo operations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2409 +msgid "(:issue:`6713` by Gawain Bolton, Mark Dickinson, and Victor Stinner.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2411 +msgid "" +"There were several other minor optimizations. Set differencing now runs " +"faster when one operand is much larger than the other (patch by Andress " +"Bennetts in :issue:`8685`). The :meth:`!array.repeat` method has a faster " +"implementation (:issue:`1569291` by Alexander Belopolsky). The " +":class:`~http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has more efficient buffering " +"(:issue:`3709` by Andrew Schaaf). The :func:`operator.attrgetter` function " +"has been sped-up (:issue:`10160` by Christos Georgiou). And " +":class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` loads multi-line arguments a bit faster " +"(:issue:`7113` by Łukasz Langa)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2422 +msgid "Unicode" +msgstr "Unicode" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2424 +msgid "" +"Python has been updated to `Unicode 6.0.0 " +"`_. The update to the standard " +"adds over 2,000 new characters including `emoji " +"`_ symbols which are important for " +"mobile phones." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2429 +msgid "" +"In addition, the updated standard has altered the character properties for " +"two Kannada characters (U+0CF1, U+0CF2) and one New Tai Lue numeric " +"character (U+19DA), making the former eligible for use in identifiers while " +"disqualifying the latter. For more information, see `Unicode Character " +"Database Changes " +"`_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2437 +msgid "Codecs" +msgstr "编解码器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2439 +msgid "Support was added for *cp720* Arabic DOS encoding (:issue:`1616979`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2441 +msgid "" +"MBCS encoding no longer ignores the error handler argument. In the default " +"strict mode, it raises an :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` when it encounters an " +"undecodable byte sequence and an :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` for an " +"unencodable character." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2446 +msgid "" +"The MBCS codec supports ``'strict'`` and ``'ignore'`` error handlers for " +"decoding, and ``'strict'`` and ``'replace'`` for encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2449 +msgid "" +"To emulate Python3.1 MBCS encoding, select the ``'ignore'`` handler for " +"decoding and the ``'replace'`` handler for encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2452 +msgid "" +"On Mac OS X, Python decodes command line arguments with ``'utf-8'`` rather " +"than the locale encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2455 +msgid "" +"By default, :mod:`tarfile` uses ``'utf-8'`` encoding on Windows (instead of " +"``'mbcs'``) and the ``'surrogateescape'`` error handler on all operating " +"systems." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下，:mod:`tarfile` 在 Windows 上使用 ``'utf-8'`` 编码格式 (而不是 ``'mbcs'``) " +"并在所有操作系统上使用 ``'surrogateescape'`` 错误处理器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2461 +msgid "Documentation" +msgstr "文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2463 +msgid "The documentation continues to be improved." +msgstr "文档继续得到改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2465 +msgid "" +"A table of quick links has been added to the top of lengthy sections such as" +" :ref:`built-in-funcs`. In the case of :mod:`itertools`, the links are " +"accompanied by tables of cheatsheet-style summaries to provide an overview " +"and memory jog without having to read all of the docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2470 +msgid "" +"In some cases, the pure Python source code can be a helpful adjunct to the " +"documentation, so now many modules now feature quick links to the latest " +"version of the source code. For example, the :mod:`functools` module " +"documentation has a quick link at the top labeled:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2475 +msgid "**Source code** :source:`Lib/functools.py`." +msgstr "**源代码** :source:`Lib/functools.py`." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2477 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; see `rationale " +"`_.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Raymond Hettinger 贡献，参见 `rationale " +"`_。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2480 +msgid "" +"The docs now contain more examples and recipes. In particular, :mod:`re` " +"module has an extensive section, :ref:`re-examples`. Likewise, the " +":mod:`itertools` module continues to be updated with new :ref:`itertools-" +"recipes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2485 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`datetime` module now has an auxiliary implementation in pure " +"Python. No functionality was changed. This just provides an easier-to-read " +"alternate implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2489 +msgid "(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`9528`.)" +msgstr "（由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:`9528` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2491 +msgid "" +"The unmaintained :file:`Demo` directory has been removed. Some demos were " +"integrated into the documentation, some were moved to the :file:`Tools/demo`" +" directory, and others were removed altogether." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2495 +msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl in :issue:`7962`.)" +msgstr "（由 Georg Brandl 在 :issue:`7962` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2499 +msgid "IDLE" +msgstr "IDLE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2501 +msgid "" +"The format menu now has an option to clean source files by stripping " +"trailing whitespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2504 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`5150`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`5150` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2506 +msgid "IDLE on Mac OS X now works with both Carbon AquaTk and Cocoa AquaTk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2508 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Kevin Walzer, Ned Deily, and Ronald Oussoren; " +":issue:`6075`.)" +msgstr "（由 Kevin Walzer, Ned Deily 和 Ronald Oussoren 在 :issue:`6075` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2511 +msgid "Code Repository" +msgstr "代码库" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2513 +msgid "" +"In addition to the existing Subversion code repository at " +"https://svn.python.org there is now a `Mercurial `_ repository at https://hg.python.org/\\ ." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2517 +msgid "" +"After the 3.2 release, there are plans to switch to Mercurial as the primary" +" repository. This distributed version control system should make it easier " +"for members of the community to create and share external changesets. See " +":pep:`385` for details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2522 +msgid "" +"To learn to use the new version control system, see the `Quick Start " +"`_ or the `Guide to Mercurial" +" Workflows `_." +msgstr "" +"要学习使用新的版本控制系统，请参阅 `Quick Start `_ 或 `Guide to Mercurial Workflows " +"`_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2528 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2530 +msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" +msgstr "针对 Python 构建过程和 C API 的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2532 +msgid "" +"The *idle*, *pydoc* and *2to3* scripts are now installed with a version-" +"specific suffix on ``make altinstall`` (:issue:`10679`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 *idle*, *pydoc* 和 *2to3* 脚本的安装将在 ``make altinstall`` 中附带特定版本的后缀 " +"(:issue:`10679`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2535 +msgid "" +"The C functions that access the Unicode Database now accept and return " +"characters from the full Unicode range, even on narrow unicode builds " +"(Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER, Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL, and others). A visible " +"difference in Python is that :func:`unicodedata.numeric` now returns the " +"correct value for large code points, and :func:`repr` may consider more " +"characters as printable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2542 +msgid "" +"(Reported by Bupjoe Lee and fixed by Amaury Forgeot D'Arc; :issue:`5127`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2544 +msgid "" +"Computed gotos are now enabled by default on supported compilers (which are " +"detected by the configure script). They can still be disabled selectively " +"by specifying ``--without-computed-gotos``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2548 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9203`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`9203` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2550 +msgid "" +"The option ``--with-wctype-functions`` was removed. The built-in unicode " +"database is now used for all functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2553 +msgid "(Contributed by Amaury Forgeot D'Arc; :issue:`9210`.)" +msgstr "（由 Amaury Forgeot d'Arc 在 :issue:`9210` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2555 +msgid "" +"Hash values are now values of a new type, :c:type:`Py_hash_t`, which is " +"defined to be the same size as a pointer. Previously they were of type " +"long, which on some 64-bit operating systems is still only 32 bits long. As" +" a result of this fix, :class:`set` and :class:`dict` can now hold more than" +" ``2**32`` entries on builds with 64-bit pointers (previously, they could " +"grow to that size but their performance degraded catastrophically)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2562 +msgid "" +"(Suggested by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Benjamin Peterson; " +":issue:`9778`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2565 +msgid "" +"A new macro :c:macro:`!Py_VA_COPY` copies the state of the variable argument" +" list. It is equivalent to C99 *va_copy* but available on all Python " +"platforms (:issue:`2443`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2569 +msgid "" +"A new C API function :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx` allows an embedded " +"interpreter to set :data:`sys.argv` without also modifying :data:`sys.path` " +"(:issue:`5753`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2573 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_CallObject` is now only available in macro form. The " +"function declaration, which was kept for backwards compatibility reasons, is" +" now removed -- the macro was introduced in 1997 (:issue:`8276`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2577 +msgid "" +"There is a new function :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow` which is " +"analogous to :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow`. They both serve to convert" +" Python :class:`int` into a native fixed-width type while providing " +"detection of cases where the conversion won't fit (:issue:`7767`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2582 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString` function now returns *not " +"equal* if the Python string is *NUL* terminated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2585 +msgid "" +"There is a new function :c:func:`PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc` that is like " +":c:func:`PyErr_NewException` but allows a docstring to be specified. This " +"lets C exceptions have the same self-documenting capabilities as their pure " +"Python counterparts (:issue:`7033`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2590 +msgid "" +"When compiled with the ``--with-valgrind`` option, the pymalloc allocator " +"will be automatically disabled when running under Valgrind. This gives " +"improved memory leak detection when running under Valgrind, while taking " +"advantage of pymalloc at other times (:issue:`2422`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2595 +msgid "" +"Removed the ``O?`` format from the *PyArg_Parse* functions. The format is " +"no longer used and it had never been documented (:issue:`8837`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2598 +msgid "" +"There were a number of other small changes to the C-API. See the `Misc/NEWS" +" `__ file for a " +"complete list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2602 +msgid "" +"Also, there were a number of updates to the Mac OS X build, see " +"`Mac/BuildScript/README.txt " +"`_" +" for details. For users running a 32/64-bit build, there is a known problem" +" with the default Tcl/Tk on Mac OS X 10.6. Accordingly, we recommend " +"installing an updated alternative such as `ActiveState Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 " +"`_\\." +" See https://www.python.org/download/mac/tcltk/ for additional details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2611 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.2" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2613 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code:" +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的改变以及可能需要修改你的代码的其他问题修正:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2616 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`configparser` module has a number of clean-ups. The major change " +"is to replace the old :class:`!ConfigParser` class with long-standing " +"preferred alternative :class:`!SafeConfigParser`. In addition there are a " +"number of smaller incompatibilities:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2621 +msgid "" +"The interpolation syntax is now validated on " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.get` and " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.set` operations. In the default " +"interpolation scheme, only two tokens with percent signs are valid: " +"``%(name)s`` and ``%%``, the latter being an escaped percent sign." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2627 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.set` and " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.add_section` methods now verify that " +"values are actual strings. Formerly, unsupported types could be introduced " +"unintentionally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2632 +msgid "" +"Duplicate sections or options from a single source now raise either " +":exc:`~configparser.DuplicateSectionError` or " +":exc:`~configparser.DuplicateOptionError`. Formerly, duplicates would " +"silently overwrite a previous entry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2637 +msgid "" +"Inline comments are now disabled by default so now the **;** character can " +"be safely used in values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2640 +msgid "" +"Comments now can be indented. Consequently, for **;** or **#** to appear at" +" the start of a line in multiline values, it has to be interpolated. This " +"keeps comment prefix characters in values from being mistaken as comments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2644 +msgid "" +"``\"\"`` is now a valid value and is no longer automatically converted to an" +" empty string. For empty strings, use ``\"option =\"`` in a line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2647 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!nntplib` module was reworked extensively, meaning that its APIs " +"are often incompatible with the 3.1 APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2650 +msgid "" +":class:`bytearray` objects can no longer be used as filenames; instead, they" +" should be converted to :class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2653 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!array.tostring` and :meth:`!array.fromstring` have been renamed " +"to :meth:`array.tobytes() ` and " +":meth:`array.frombytes() ` for clarity. The old " +"names have been deprecated. (See :issue:`8990`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2658 +msgid "``PyArg_Parse*()`` functions:" +msgstr "``PyArg_Parse*()`` 函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2660 +msgid "\"t#\" format has been removed: use \"s#\" or \"s*\" instead" +msgstr "\"t#\" 格式已被移除：改用 \"s#\" 或 \"s*\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2661 +msgid "\"w\" and \"w#\" formats has been removed: use \"w*\" instead" +msgstr "\"w\" 和 \"w#\" 格式已被移除：改用 \"w*\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2663 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`!PyCObject` type, deprecated in 3.1, has been removed. To wrap" +" opaque C pointers in Python objects, the :c:type:`PyCapsule` API should be " +"used instead; the new type has a well-defined interface for passing typing " +"safety information and a less complicated signature for calling a " +"destructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2668 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!sys.setfilesystemencoding` function was removed because it had a" +" flawed design." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2671 +msgid "" +"The :func:`random.seed` function and method now salt string seeds with an " +"sha512 hash function. To access the previous version of *seed* in order to " +"reproduce Python 3.1 sequences, set the *version* argument to *1*, " +"``random.seed(s, version=1)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2676 +msgid "" +"The previously deprecated :func:`!string.maketrans` function has been " +"removed in favor of the static methods :meth:`bytes.maketrans` and " +":meth:`bytearray.maketrans`. This change solves the confusion around which " +"types were supported by the :mod:`string` module. Now, :class:`str`, " +":class:`bytes`, and :class:`bytearray` each have their own **maketrans** and" +" **translate** methods with intermediate translation tables of the " +"appropriate type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2684 +msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl; :issue:`5675`.)" +msgstr "（由Georg Brandl在 :issue:`5675` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2686 +msgid "" +"The previously deprecated :func:`!contextlib.nested` function has been " +"removed in favor of a plain :keyword:`with` statement which can accept " +"multiple context managers. The latter technique is faster (because it is " +"built-in), and it does a better job finalizing multiple context managers " +"when one of them raises an exception::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2692 +msgid "" +"with open('mylog.txt') as infile, open('a.out', 'w') as outfile:\n" +" for line in infile:\n" +" if '' in line:\n" +" outfile.write(line)" +msgstr "" +"with open('mylog.txt') as infile, open('a.out', 'w') as outfile:\n" +" for line in infile:\n" +" if '' in line:\n" +" outfile.write(line)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2697 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Georg Brandl and Mattias Brändström; `appspot issue 53094 " +"`_.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Georg Brandl 和 Mattias Brändström 贡献; `appspot issue 53094 " +"`_。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2700 +msgid "" +":func:`struct.pack` now only allows bytes for the ``s`` string pack code. " +"Formerly, it would accept text arguments and implicitly encode them to bytes" +" using UTF-8. This was problematic because it made assumptions about the " +"correct encoding and because a variable-length encoding can fail when " +"writing to fixed length segment of a structure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2706 +msgid "" +"Code such as ``struct.pack('<6sHHBBB', 'GIF87a', x, y)`` should be rewritten" +" with to use bytes instead of text, ``struct.pack('<6sHHBBB', b'GIF87a', x, " +"y)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2709 +msgid "" +"(Discovered by David Beazley and fixed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`10783`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2711 +msgid "" +"The :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree` class now raises an " +":exc:`xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError` when a parse fails. Previously it " +"raised an :exc:`xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2715 +msgid "" +"The new, longer :func:`str` value on floats may break doctests which rely on" +" the old output format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2718 +msgid "" +"In :class:`subprocess.Popen`, the default value for *close_fds* is now " +"``True`` under Unix; under Windows, it is ``True`` if the three standard " +"streams are set to ``None``, ``False`` otherwise. Previously, *close_fds* " +"was always ``False`` by default, which produced difficult to solve bugs or " +"race conditions when open file descriptors would leak into the child " +"process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2725 +msgid "" +"Support for legacy HTTP 0.9 has been removed from :mod:`urllib.request` and " +":mod:`http.client`. Such support is still present on the server side (in " +":mod:`http.server`)." +msgstr "" +"对旧式 HTTP 0.9 的支持已从 :mod:`urllib.request` 和 :mod:`http.client` 中移除。 " +"此项支持仍然存在于服务器端（在 :mod:`http.server` 中）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2729 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`10711`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`10711` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2731 +msgid "" +"SSL sockets in timeout mode now raise :exc:`socket.timeout` when a timeout " +"occurs, rather than a generic :exc:`~ssl.SSLError`." +msgstr "" +"超时模式下的 SSL 套接字现在如发生超时则会引发 :exc:`socket.timeout`，而不是一般性的 " +":exc:`~ssl.SSLError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2734 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`10272`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`10272` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2736 +msgid "" +"The misleading functions :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` and " +":c:func:`!PyEval_ReleaseLock` have been officially deprecated. The thread-" +"state aware APIs (such as :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and " +":c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`) should be used instead." +msgstr "" +"有误导性的 :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` 和 :c:func:`!PyEval_ReleaseLock` 已正式被弃用。 " +"应当改用可感知线程状态的 API (如 :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` 和 " +":c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2741 +msgid "" +"Due to security risks, :func:`!asyncore.handle_accept` has been deprecated, " +"and a new function, :func:`!asyncore.handle_accepted`, was added to replace " +"it." +msgstr "" +"由于存在安全风险，:func:`!asyncore.handle_accept` 已被弃用，新增了一个函数 " +":func:`!asyncore.handle_accepted` 用来替代它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2744 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola in :issue:`6706`.)" +msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodola 在 :issue:`6706` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.2.rst:2746 +msgid "" +"Due to the new :term:`GIL` implementation, :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` " +"cannot be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize` anymore." +msgstr "" +"由于新的 :term:`GIL` 实现的限制，:c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` 不再可以在 " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前被调用。" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.3.po b/whatsnew/3.3.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..210558e9f --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.3.po @@ -0,0 +1,4401 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2021 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-25 14:19+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.3" +msgstr "Python 3.3 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:45 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.3, compared to 3.2. " +"Python 3.3 was released on September 29, 2012. For full details, see the " +"`changelog `_." +msgstr "" +"本文介绍了 Python 3.3 相比 3.2 的新增特性。 Python 3.3 于 2012 年 9 月 29 日 发布。 有关完整详细信息，请参见" +" `changelog `_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:51 +msgid ":pep:`398` - Python 3.3 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`398` - Python 3.3 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:55 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:60 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:62 +msgid "" +"New ``yield from`` expression for :ref:`generator delegation `." +msgstr "新增 ``yield from`` 表达式用于 :ref:`生成器委托 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:63 +msgid "The ``u'unicode'`` syntax is accepted again for :class:`str` objects." +msgstr "``u'unicode'`` 语法重新被接受用于 :class:`str` 对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:65 +msgid "New library modules:" +msgstr "新的库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:67 +msgid ":mod:`faulthandler` (helps debugging low-level crashes)" +msgstr ":mod:`faulthandler` (帮助调试低层级的崩溃)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:68 +msgid "" +":mod:`ipaddress` (high-level objects representing IP addresses and masks)" +msgstr ":mod:`ipaddress` (代表 IP 地址和掩码的高层级对象)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:69 +msgid ":mod:`lzma` (compress data using the XZ / LZMA algorithm)" +msgstr ":mod:`lzma` (使用 XZ / LZMA 算法压缩数据)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:70 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` (replace parts of your system under test with mock " +"objects)" +msgstr ":mod:`unittest.mock` (使用模拟对象替换你的受测试系统中的某些部分)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:71 +msgid "" +":mod:`venv` (Python :ref:`virtual environments `, as in the popular" +" ``virtualenv`` package)" +msgstr ":mod:`venv` (Python :ref:`虚拟环境 `，类似于流行的 ``virtualenv`` 包)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:74 +msgid "New built-in features:" +msgstr "新的内置特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:76 +msgid "Reworked :ref:`I/O exception hierarchy `." +msgstr "重写 :ref:`I/O 异常的层次结构`." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:78 +msgid "Implementation improvements:" +msgstr "实现的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:80 +msgid "" +"Rewritten :ref:`import machinery ` based on :mod:`importlib`." +msgstr "基于 :mod:`importlib` 重写 :ref:`import machinery`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:81 +msgid "More compact :ref:`unicode strings `." +msgstr "更紧凑的 :ref:`Unicode 字符串 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:82 +msgid "More compact :ref:`attribute dictionaries `." +msgstr "更紧凑的 :ref:`属性字典 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:84 +msgid "Significantly Improved Library Modules:" +msgstr "显著改进的库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:86 +msgid "C Accelerator for the :ref:`decimal ` module." +msgstr "针对 :ref:`decimal ` 模块的 C 加速器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Better unicode handling in the :ref:`email ` module " +"(:term:`provisional `)." +msgstr "" +":ref:`email ` 模块中更好的 Unicode 处理 (:term:`暂定 `)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:90 +msgid "Security improvements:" +msgstr "安全改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:92 +msgid "Hash randomization is switched on by default." +msgstr "哈希随机化被默认启用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:94 +msgid "Please read on for a comprehensive list of user-facing changes." +msgstr "请继续阅读有关面向用户的改变的详细清单。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:100 +msgid "PEP 405: Virtual Environments" +msgstr "PEP 405: 虚拟环境" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:102 +msgid "" +"Virtual environments help create separate Python setups while sharing a " +"system-wide base install, for ease of maintenance. Virtual environments " +"have their own set of private site packages (i.e. locally installed " +"libraries), and are optionally segregated from the system-wide site " +"packages. Their concept and implementation are inspired by the popular " +"``virtualenv`` third-party package, but benefit from tighter integration " +"with the interpreter core." +msgstr "" +"虚拟环境有助于创建 独立的 Python 设置，同时共享全系统的基础安装，便于维护。 " +"虚拟环境有自己的私有站点包（即本地安装的库），并可选择与系统范围的站点包分离。 虚拟环境的概念和实现 受到流行的``virtualenv`` 第三方 " +"包 的启发，但受益于与解释器 核心更紧密的集成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:110 +msgid "" +"This PEP adds the :mod:`venv` module for programmatic access, and the " +"``pyvenv`` script for command-line access and administration. The Python " +"interpreter checks for a ``pyvenv.cfg``, file whose existence signals the " +"base of a virtual environment's directory tree." +msgstr "" +"本 PEP 添加了 :mod:`venv` 模块用于编程访问，以及 ``pyvenv`` 脚本用于命令在线访问和管理。 Python 解释器会检查 " +"``pyvenv.cfg``，文件的存在标志着虚拟环境目录树的基础。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:118 +msgid ":pep:`405` - Python Virtual Environments" +msgstr ":pep:`405` - Python虚拟环境" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:119 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Carl Meyer; implementation by Carl Meyer and Vinay Sajip" +msgstr "PEP 由 Carl Meyer 撰写 ; 由 Carl Meyer 和 Vinay Sajip 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:123 +msgid "PEP 420: Implicit Namespace Packages" +msgstr "PEP 420: 隐式命名空间包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:125 +msgid "" +"Native support for package directories that don't require ``__init__.py`` " +"marker files and can automatically span multiple path segments (inspired by " +"various third party approaches to namespace packages, as described in " +":pep:`420`)" +msgstr "" +"原生支持不要求 ``__init__.py`` 标记文件和可以自动跨越多个路径节的包目录（灵感来自多个命名空间包的第三方方案，如 :pep:`420` " +"中所述）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:132 +msgid ":pep:`420` - Implicit Namespace Packages" +msgstr ":pep:`420` - 隐式命名空间包" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:133 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Eric V. Smith; implementation by Eric V. Smith and Barry " +"Warsaw" +msgstr "PEP 由 Eric V. Smith 撰写，由 Eric V. Smith 和 Barry Warsaw 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:140 +msgid "" +"PEP 3118: New memoryview implementation and buffer protocol documentation" +msgstr "PEP 3118: 新的内存视图实现和缓冲协议文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:142 +msgid "The implementation of :pep:`3118` has been significantly improved." +msgstr ":pep:`3118` 的实现已获得大幅改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:144 +msgid "" +"The new memoryview implementation comprehensively fixes all ownership and " +"lifetime issues of dynamically allocated fields in the Py_buffer struct that" +" led to multiple crash reports. Additionally, several functions that crashed" +" or returned incorrect results for non-contiguous or multi-dimensional input" +" have been fixed." +msgstr "" +"新的 memoryview 实现全面修复了 Py_buffer 结构体中曾导致多起崩溃报告的动态分配字段的所有权和生命周期问题。 " +"此外，还修复了多个函数在非连续或多维输入时崩溃或返回不正确结果的问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:150 +msgid "" +"The memoryview object now has a PEP-3118 compliant getbufferproc() that " +"checks the consumer's request type. Many new features have been added, most " +"of them work in full generality for non-contiguous arrays and arrays with " +"suboffsets." +msgstr "" +"现在 memoryview 对象具有符合 PEP-3118 标准的 getbufferproc()，可以检查使用者的请求类型。 " +"新增了许多新的特性，其中的大部分已适用于非连续数组和带有子偏移量的数组。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:155 +msgid "" +"The documentation has been updated, clearly spelling out responsibilities " +"for both exporters and consumers. Buffer request flags are grouped into " +"basic and compound flags. The memory layout of non-contiguous and multi-" +"dimensional NumPy-style arrays is explained." +msgstr "" +"文档已进行更新，清楚地列出了导出方和使用方的责任。 缓冲区请求旗标志被划分为基本旗标和复合旗标。 对非连续和多维的 NumPy " +"风格数组的内存布局进行了说明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:161 ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1125 +msgid "Features" +msgstr "相关特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:163 +msgid "" +"All native single character format specifiers in struct module syntax " +"(optionally prefixed with '@') are now supported." +msgstr "现在 struct 模块语法中所有原生单字符格式指示符（可以选择添加 '@' 前缀）均受到支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:166 +msgid "" +"With some restrictions, the cast() method allows changing of format and " +"shape of C-contiguous arrays." +msgstr "在某些限制条件下，cast() 方法允许改变 C 连续数组的格式和形状。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Multi-dimensional list representations are supported for any array type." +msgstr "任何数组类型都支持多维列表的表示形式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:171 +msgid "Multi-dimensional comparisons are supported for any array type." +msgstr "任何数组类型都支持多维比较操作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:173 +msgid "" +"One-dimensional memoryviews of hashable (read-only) types with formats B, b " +"or c are now hashable. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13411`.)" +msgstr "" +"格式为 B、b 或 c 的可哈希（只读）类型的一维 memoryview 现在将是可哈希的。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`13411` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Arbitrary slicing of any 1-D arrays type is supported. For example, it is " +"now possible to reverse a memoryview in *O*\\ (1) by using a negative step." +msgstr "支持对 1 维数据类型的任意切片。 例如，现在可以通过使用负步长值以 *O*\\ (1) 复杂度对 memoryview 进行翻转。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:180 ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1135 +msgid "API changes" +msgstr "API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:182 +msgid "The maximum number of dimensions is officially limited to 64." +msgstr "官方的最大维度数量限制已更改为 64。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:184 +msgid "" +"The representation of empty shape, strides and suboffsets is now an empty " +"tuple instead of ``None``." +msgstr "空形状、区间和子偏移量的表示形式现在是空元组而不是 ``None``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:187 +msgid "" +"Accessing a memoryview element with format 'B' (unsigned bytes) now returns " +"an integer (in accordance with the struct module syntax). For returning a " +"bytes object the view must be cast to 'c' first." +msgstr "" +"现在对格式为 'B' (无符号字节型) 的 memoryview 元素的访问将返回一个整数（遵循结构体模块语法）。 " +"要返回字节串对象则必须先将视图强制转换为 'c'。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:191 +msgid "" +"memoryview comparisons now use the logical structure of the operands and " +"compare all array elements by value. All format strings in struct module " +"syntax are supported. Views with unrecognised format strings are still " +"permitted, but will always compare as unequal, regardless of view contents." +msgstr "" +"现在 memoryview 比较将使用操作数的逻辑结构并会按值来比较所有数组元素。 结构体模块语法中的所有格式化字符串均受到支持。 " +"带有不可识别的格式化字符串的视图仍然被允许，但无论视图内容如何比较结果总是不相等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:197 +msgid "" +"For further changes see `Build and C API Changes`_ and `Porting C code`_." +msgstr "更多改变请参阅 `Build and C API Changes`_ 和 `Porting C code`_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:199 +msgid "(Contributed by Stefan Krah in :issue:`10181`.)" +msgstr "（由 Stefan Krah 在 :issue:`10181` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:203 +msgid ":pep:`3118` - Revising the Buffer Protocol" +msgstr ":pep:`3118` - 修改缓冲区协议" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:209 +msgid "PEP 393: Flexible String Representation" +msgstr "PEP 393: 灵活的字符串表示" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:211 +msgid "" +"The Unicode string type is changed to support multiple internal " +"representations, depending on the character with the largest Unicode ordinal" +" (1, 2, or 4 bytes) in the represented string. This allows a space-" +"efficient representation in common cases, but gives access to full UCS-4 on " +"all systems. For compatibility with existing APIs, several representations " +"may exist in parallel; over time, this compatibility should be phased out." +msgstr "" +"Unicode字符串类型已改为支持多种内部表示法，具体取决于所表示的字符串中具有最大 Unicode 序号（1、2 或 4 字节）的字符 。 " +"这样，在常见情况下可以节省空间，但在所有系统上都能使用完整的 UCS-4。 对于使用现有应用程序接口的兼容性 " +"来说，可能会并行存在几种表示法；随着时间的推移，这种兼容性 应逐步淘汰。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:218 +msgid "On the Python side, there should be no downside to this change." +msgstr "在 Python 一方，此项改变应当没有任何缺点。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:220 +msgid "" +"On the C API side, :pep:`393` is fully backward compatible. The legacy API " +"should remain available at least five years. Applications using the legacy " +"API will not fully benefit of the memory reduction, or - worse - may use a " +"bit more memory, because Python may have to maintain two versions of each " +"string (in the legacy format and in the new efficient storage)." +msgstr "" +"在 C API 方面，:pep:`393` 完全向下兼容。 旧的 API 至少还能使用五年。 使用传统 API " +"的应用程序不会完全受益于内存的减少，或者更糟的是，可能会使用更多的内存，因为 Python 可能需要维护每个字符串的两个版本（传统格式和新的高效存储）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:227 +msgid "Functionality" +msgstr "功能" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:229 +msgid "Changes introduced by :pep:`393` are the following:" +msgstr "由 :pep:`393` 引入的改变如下:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:231 +msgid "" +"Python now always supports the full range of Unicode code points, including " +"non-BMP ones (i.e. from ``U+0000`` to ``U+10FFFF``). The distinction " +"between narrow and wide builds no longer exists and Python now behaves like " +"a wide build, even under Windows." +msgstr "" +"Python 现在始终支持全部 Unicode 码位，包括非 BMP 码位 (即从``U+0000`` 到 ``U+10FFFF``)。 " +"窄编译版本和宽编译版本之间的区别已不复存在，Python 现在的行为就像宽编译版本，甚至在 Windows 下也是如此。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:236 +msgid "" +"With the death of narrow builds, the problems specific to narrow builds have" +" also been fixed, for example:" +msgstr "随着窄编译版本的消亡，窄编译版本特有的问题也得到了解决，例如：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:239 +msgid "" +":func:`len` now always returns 1 for non-BMP characters, so " +"``len('\\U0010FFFF') == 1``;" +msgstr "现在 :func:`len` 对于非 BMP 字符总是返回 1，因此 ``len('\\U0010FFFF') == 1``；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:242 +msgid "" +"surrogate pairs are not recombined in string literals, so ``'\\uDBFF\\uDFFF'" +" != '\\U0010FFFF'``;" +msgstr "替换对不会在字符串字面值中重新合并，因此 ``'\\uDBFF\\uDFFF' != '\\U0010FFFF'``；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:245 +msgid "" +"indexing or slicing non-BMP characters returns the expected value, so " +"``'\\U0010FFFF'[0]`` now returns ``'\\U0010FFFF'`` and not ``'\\uDBFF'``;" +msgstr "" +"索引或切分非 BMP 字符会返回预期的值，因此 ``'\\U0010FFFF'[0]`` 现在会返回 ``'\\U0010FFFF'`` 而不是 " +"``'\\uDBFF'``；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:248 +msgid "" +"all other functions in the standard library now correctly handle non-BMP " +"code points." +msgstr "标准库中的所有其他函数现在都能正确处理非 BMP 代码点。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:251 +msgid "" +"The value of :data:`sys.maxunicode` is now always ``1114111`` (``0x10FFFF`` " +"in hexadecimal). The :c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetMax` function still returns " +"either ``0xFFFF`` or ``0x10FFFF`` for backward compatibility, and it should " +"not be used with the new Unicode API (see :issue:`13054`)." +msgstr "" +":data:`sys.maxunicode` 的值现在总是 ``1114111`` (十六进制为 ``0x10FFFF``)。 " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetMax` 函数仍返回 ``0xFFFF`` 或 ``0x10FFFF`` 以便向下兼容，但不应与新的 " +"Unicode API 一起使用 (参见 :issue:`13054`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:256 +msgid "The :file:`./configure` flag ``--with-wide-unicode`` has been removed." +msgstr ":file:`./configure` 标志 ``--with-wide-unicode`` 已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:259 +msgid "Performance and resource usage" +msgstr "性能和资源使用情况" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:261 +msgid "" +"The storage of Unicode strings now depends on the highest code point in the " +"string:" +msgstr "现在，Unicode 字符串的存储取决于字符串中的最高码位：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:263 +msgid "" +"pure ASCII and Latin1 strings (``U+0000-U+00FF``) use 1 byte per code point;" +msgstr "纯 ASCII 和 Latin1 字符串 (``U+0000-U+00FF``) 每个码位使用 1 个字节；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:265 +msgid "BMP strings (``U+0000-U+FFFF``) use 2 bytes per code point;" +msgstr "BMP 字符串 (``U+0000-U+FFFF``) 每个码位使用 2 个字节；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:267 +msgid "non-BMP strings (``U+10000-U+10FFFF``) use 4 bytes per code point." +msgstr "非 BMP 字符串 (``U+10000-U+10FFFF``) 每个码位使用 4 个字节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:269 +msgid "" +"The net effect is that for most applications, memory usage of string storage" +" should decrease significantly - especially compared to former wide unicode " +"builds - as, in many cases, strings will be pure ASCII even in international" +" contexts (because many strings store non-human language data, such as XML " +"fragments, HTTP headers, JSON-encoded data, etc.). We also hope that it " +"will, for the same reasons, increase CPU cache efficiency on non-trivial " +"applications. The memory usage of Python 3.3 is two to three times smaller " +"than Python 3.2, and a little bit better than Python 2.7, on a Django " +"benchmark (see the PEP for details)." +msgstr "" +"这样做的效果是，对于大多数应用而言，字符串存储的内存使用量应该会大幅减少 —— 尤其是与以前的宽 unicode 版本相比 —— " +"因为在许多情况下，即使在国际环境中，字符串也将是纯 ASCII 格式（因为许多字符串存储的是非人类语言数据，如 XML 片段、HTTP 标头、JSON " +"编码数据等）。 出于同样的原因，我们还希望它能提高非小应用程序的 CPU 缓存效率。 在 Django 基准测试中，Python 3.3 的内存使用量比" +" Python 3.2 少两到三倍，比 Python 2.7 略好一些（详情请参见 PEP）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:282 +msgid ":pep:`393` - Flexible String Representation" +msgstr ":pep:`393` - 灵活的字符串表示" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:283 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Martin von Löwis; implementation by Torsten Becker and Martin" +" von Löwis." +msgstr "PEP 由 Martin von Löwis 撰写 ; 由 Torsten Becker 和 Martin von Löwis 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:290 +msgid "PEP 397: Python Launcher for Windows" +msgstr "PEP 397: 适用于Windows的Python启动器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:292 +msgid "" +"The Python 3.3 Windows installer now includes a ``py`` launcher application " +"that can be used to launch Python applications in a version independent " +"fashion." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.3 的 Windows 安装程序现在包含一个 ``py`` 启动程序，可用于以版本无关的方式启动 Python 应用程序。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:296 +msgid "" +"This launcher is invoked implicitly when double-clicking ``*.py`` files. If " +"only a single Python version is installed on the system, that version will " +"be used to run the file. If multiple versions are installed, the most recent" +" version is used by default, but this can be overridden by including a Unix-" +"style \"shebang line\" in the Python script." +msgstr "" +"双击 ``*.py`` 文件时会隐式调用该启动器。 如果系统中只安装了一个 Python 版本，则将使用该版本运行文件。 " +"如果安装了多个版本，则默认使用最新版本，但也可以通过在 Python 脚本中加入 Unix 风格的“shebang 行”来覆盖该版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:302 +msgid "" +"The launcher can also be used explicitly from the command line as the ``py``" +" application. Running ``py`` follows the same version selection rules as " +"implicitly launching scripts, but a more specific version can be selected by" +" passing appropriate arguments (such as ``-3`` to request Python 3 when " +"Python 2 is also installed, or ``-2.6`` to specifically request an earlier " +"Python version when a more recent version is installed)." +msgstr "" +"启动器也可以作为 ``py`` 应用程序在命令行中显式使用。运行 ``py`` " +"遵循与隐式启动脚本相同的版本选择规则，但可以通过传递适当的参数来选择更具体的版本（例如，当 Python 2 也已安装时，使用 ``-3`` 来请求 " +"Python 3；当安装了较新的 Python 版本时，使用 ``-2.6`` 来特别请求较早的 Python 版本）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:309 +msgid "" +"In addition to the launcher, the Windows installer now includes an option to" +" add the newly installed Python to the system PATH. (Contributed by Brian " +"Curtin in :issue:`3561`.)" +msgstr "" +"除了启动器之外，Windows 安装程序现在还包含一个选项，可将新安装的 Python 添加到系统 PATH 中。 （由 Brian Curtin 在 " +":issue:`3561` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:315 +msgid ":pep:`397` - Python Launcher for Windows" +msgstr ":pep:`397` - 适用于Windows的Python启动器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:316 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Mark Hammond and Martin v. Löwis; implementation by Vinay " +"Sajip." +msgstr "PEP 由 Mark Hammond 和 Martin v. Löwis 撰写 ; 由 Vinay Sajip实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:319 +msgid "Launcher documentation: :ref:`launcher`" +msgstr "启动器文档: :ref:`launcher`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:321 +msgid "Installer PATH modification: :ref:`windows-path-mod`" +msgstr "安装器 PATH 修改: :ref:`windows-path-mod`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:327 +msgid "PEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy" +msgstr "PEP 3151: 重写 OS 和 IO 异常的层次结构" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:329 +msgid "" +"The hierarchy of exceptions raised by operating system errors is now both " +"simplified and finer-grained." +msgstr "现在，由操作系统错误引发的异常层次结构既得到了简化，又更加精细。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:332 +msgid "" +"You don't have to worry anymore about choosing the appropriate exception " +"type between :exc:`OSError`, :exc:`IOError`, :exc:`EnvironmentError`, " +":exc:`WindowsError`, :exc:`mmap.error`, :exc:`socket.error` or " +":exc:`select.error`. All these exception types are now only one: " +":exc:`OSError`. The other names are kept as aliases for compatibility " +"reasons." +msgstr "" +"您不必再为在 " +":exc:`OSError`、:exc:`IOError`、:exc:`EnvironmentError`、:exc:`WindowsError`、:exc:`mmap.error`、:exc:`socket.error`" +" 或 :exc:`select.error` 之间选择合适的异常类型而烦恼。 所有这些异常类型现在都只有一个: :exc:`OSError`。 " +"出于兼容性考虑，其他名称将作为别名保留。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:339 +msgid "" +"Also, it is now easier to catch a specific error condition. Instead of " +"inspecting the ``errno`` attribute (or ``args[0]``) for a particular " +"constant from the :mod:`errno` module, you can catch the adequate " +":exc:`OSError` subclass. The available subclasses are the following:" +msgstr "" +"此外，现在捕捉特定错误条件也更容易了。无需从 :mod:`errno` 模块中检查 ``errno`` 属性（或 ``args[0]`` " +"）中的特定常量，您可以捕捉适当的 :exc:`OSError` 子类。可用的子类如下：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:344 +msgid ":exc:`BlockingIOError`" +msgstr ":exc:`BlockingIOError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:345 +msgid ":exc:`ChildProcessError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ChildProcessError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:346 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:347 +msgid ":exc:`FileExistsError`" +msgstr ":exc:`FileExistsError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:348 +msgid ":exc:`FileNotFoundError`" +msgstr ":exc:`FileNotFoundError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:349 +msgid ":exc:`InterruptedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`InterruptedError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:350 +msgid ":exc:`IsADirectoryError`" +msgstr ":exc:`IsADirectoryError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:351 +msgid ":exc:`NotADirectoryError`" +msgstr ":exc:`NotADirectoryError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:352 +msgid ":exc:`PermissionError`" +msgstr ":exc:`PermissionError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:353 +msgid ":exc:`ProcessLookupError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ProcessLookupError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:354 +msgid ":exc:`TimeoutError`" +msgstr ":exc:`TimeoutError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:356 +msgid "And the :exc:`ConnectionError` itself has finer-grained subclasses:" +msgstr "并且 :exc:`ConnectionError` 本身具有细粒度的子类:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:358 +msgid ":exc:`BrokenPipeError`" +msgstr ":exc:`BrokenPipeError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:359 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionAbortedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionAbortedError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:360 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionRefusedError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionRefusedError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:361 +msgid ":exc:`ConnectionResetError`" +msgstr ":exc:`ConnectionResetError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:363 +msgid "" +"Thanks to the new exceptions, common usages of the :mod:`errno` can now be " +"avoided. For example, the following code written for Python 3.2::" +msgstr "有了新的异常，现在就可以避免 :mod:`errno` 的常见用法了。 例如，下面是为 Python 3.2 编写的代码：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:366 +msgid "" +"from errno import ENOENT, EACCES, EPERM\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" with open(\"document.txt\") as f:\n" +" content = f.read()\n" +"except IOError as err:\n" +" if err.errno == ENOENT:\n" +" print(\"document.txt file is missing\")\n" +" elif err.errno in (EACCES, EPERM):\n" +" print(\"You are not allowed to read document.txt\")\n" +" else:\n" +" raise" +msgstr "" +"from errno import ENOENT, EACCES, EPERM\n" +"\n" +"try:\n" +" with open(\"document.txt\") as f:\n" +" content = f.read()\n" +"except IOError as err:\n" +" if err.errno == ENOENT:\n" +" print(\"document.txt file is missing\")\n" +" elif err.errno in (EACCES, EPERM):\n" +" print(\"You are not allowed to read document.txt\")\n" +" else:\n" +" raise" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:379 +msgid "" +"can now be written without the :mod:`errno` import and without manual " +"inspection of exception attributes::" +msgstr "现在无需导入 :mod:`errno`，也无需手动检查异常属性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:382 +msgid "" +"try:\n" +" with open(\"document.txt\") as f:\n" +" content = f.read()\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" print(\"document.txt file is missing\")\n" +"except PermissionError:\n" +" print(\"You are not allowed to read document.txt\")" +msgstr "" +"try:\n" +" with open(\"document.txt\") as f:\n" +" content = f.read()\n" +"except FileNotFoundError:\n" +" print(\"document.txt file is missing\")\n" +"except PermissionError:\n" +" print(\"You are not allowed to read document.txt\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:392 +msgid ":pep:`3151` - Reworking the OS and IO Exception Hierarchy" +msgstr ":pep:`3151` - 重写 OS 和 IO 异常的层次结构" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:393 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Antoine Pitrou" +msgstr "PEP 由 Antoine Pitrou 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:402 +msgid "PEP 380: Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator" +msgstr "PEP 380: 委托给子生成器的语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:404 +msgid "" +"PEP 380 adds the ``yield from`` expression, allowing a :term:`generator` to " +"delegate part of its operations to another generator. This allows a section " +"of code containing :keyword:`yield` to be factored out and placed in another" +" generator. Additionally, the subgenerator is allowed to return with a " +"value, and the value is made available to the delegating generator." +msgstr "" +"PEP 380 增加了 ``yield from`` 表达式，允许 :term:`generator` 将其部分操作委托给另一个生成器。 这样，包含 " +":keyword:`yield` 的代码部分就可以被分解出来，放在另一个生成器中。 此外，还允许子生成器返回一个值，并将该值提供给委托生成器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:411 +msgid "" +"While designed primarily for use in delegating to a subgenerator, the " +"``yield from`` expression actually allows delegation to arbitrary " +"subiterators." +msgstr "虽然 ``yield from`` 表达式主要用于委托给子生成器，但它实际上允许委托给任意子生成器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:414 +msgid "" +"For simple iterators, ``yield from iterable`` is essentially just a " +"shortened form of ``for item in iterable: yield item``::" +msgstr "" +"对于简单的迭代器而言，``yield from iterable`` 本质上只是 ``for item in iterable: yield " +"item`` 的简写形式：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:417 +msgid "" +">>> def g(x):\n" +"... yield from range(x, 0, -1)\n" +"... yield from range(x)\n" +"...\n" +">>> list(g(5))\n" +"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]" +msgstr "" +">>> def g(x):\n" +"... yield from range(x, 0, -1)\n" +"... yield from range(x)\n" +"...\n" +">>> list(g(5))\n" +"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:424 +msgid "" +"However, unlike an ordinary loop, ``yield from`` allows subgenerators to " +"receive sent and thrown values directly from the calling scope, and return a" +" final value to the outer generator::" +msgstr "但是，与普通的循环不同，``yield from`` 允许子生成器直接从调用方作用域获取、发送和抛出值，并向外层生成器返回一个最终值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:428 +msgid "" +">>> def accumulate():\n" +"... tally = 0\n" +"... while 1:\n" +"... next = yield\n" +"... if next is None:\n" +"... return tally\n" +"... tally += next\n" +"...\n" +">>> def gather_tallies(tallies):\n" +"... while 1:\n" +"... tally = yield from accumulate()\n" +"... tallies.append(tally)\n" +"...\n" +">>> tallies = []\n" +">>> acc = gather_tallies(tallies)\n" +">>> next(acc) # Ensure the accumulator is ready to accept values\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... acc.send(i)\n" +"...\n" +">>> acc.send(None) # Finish the first tally\n" +">>> for i in range(5):\n" +"... acc.send(i)\n" +"...\n" +">>> acc.send(None) # Finish the second tally\n" +">>> tallies\n" +"[6, 10]" +msgstr "" +">>> def accumulate():\n" +"... tally = 0\n" +"... while 1:\n" +"... next = yield\n" +"... if next is None:\n" +"... return tally\n" +"... tally += next\n" +"...\n" +">>> def gather_tallies(tallies):\n" +"... while 1:\n" +"... tally = yield from accumulate()\n" +"... tallies.append(tally)\n" +"...\n" +">>> tallies = []\n" +">>> acc = gather_tallies(tallies)\n" +">>> next(acc) # 确保累计器准备好接受值\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... acc.send(i)\n" +"...\n" +">>> acc.send(None) # 完成第一次记录\n" +">>> for i in range(5):\n" +"... acc.send(i)\n" +"...\n" +">>> acc.send(None) # 完成第二次记录\n" +">>> tallies\n" +"[6, 10]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:455 +msgid "" +"The main principle driving this change is to allow even generators that are " +"designed to be used with the ``send`` and ``throw`` methods to be split into" +" multiple subgenerators as easily as a single large function can be split " +"into multiple subfunctions." +msgstr "" +"推动这项改变的主要原则是允许即便被设计用来配合 ``send`` 和 ``throw`` " +"方法使用的生成器也能像一个大函数能拆分成多个子函数那样容易地拆分为多个子生成器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:462 +msgid ":pep:`380` - Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator" +msgstr ":pep:`380` - 委托给子生成器的语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:463 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Greg Ewing; implementation by Greg Ewing, integrated into 3.3" +" by Renaud Blanch, Ryan Kelly and Nick Coghlan; documentation by Zbigniew " +"Jędrzejewski-Szmek and Nick Coghlan" +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Greg Ewing 撰写，由 Greg Ewing 实现。由 Renaud Blanch，Ryan Kelly 和 Nick " +"Coghlan 集成到3.3，由 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek 和 Nick Coghlan 编写文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:469 +msgid "PEP 409: Suppressing exception context" +msgstr "PEP 409: 清除异常上下文" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:471 +msgid "" +"PEP 409 introduces new syntax that allows the display of the chained " +"exception context to be disabled. This allows cleaner error messages in " +"applications that convert between exception types::" +msgstr "PEP 409 引入了允许禁用串连的异常上下文显示的新语法。 这允许在不同异常类型间进行转换的应用程序具有更清晰的错误消息::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:475 +msgid "" +">>> class D:\n" +"... def __init__(self, extra):\n" +"... self._extra_attributes = extra\n" +"... def __getattr__(self, attr):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return self._extra_attributes[attr]\n" +"... except KeyError:\n" +"... raise AttributeError(attr) from None\n" +"...\n" +">>> D({}).x\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 8, in __getattr__\n" +"AttributeError: x" +msgstr "" +">>> class D:\n" +"... def __init__(self, extra):\n" +"... self._extra_attributes = extra\n" +"... def __getattr__(self, attr):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return self._extra_attributes[attr]\n" +"... except KeyError:\n" +"... raise AttributeError(attr) from None\n" +"...\n" +">>> D({}).x\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 8, in __getattr__\n" +"AttributeError: x" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:490 +msgid "" +"Without the ``from None`` suffix to suppress the cause, the original " +"exception would be displayed by default::" +msgstr "如果后面没有 ``from None`` 来屏蔽异常原因，则默认原始异常将被显示::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:493 +msgid "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... def __init__(self, extra):\n" +"... self._extra_attributes = extra\n" +"... def __getattr__(self, attr):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return self._extra_attributes[attr]\n" +"... except KeyError:\n" +"... raise AttributeError(attr)\n" +"...\n" +">>> C({}).x\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in __getattr__\n" +"KeyError: 'x'\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 8, in __getattr__\n" +"AttributeError: x" +msgstr "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... def __init__(self, extra):\n" +"... self._extra_attributes = extra\n" +"... def __getattr__(self, attr):\n" +"... try:\n" +"... return self._extra_attributes[attr]\n" +"... except KeyError:\n" +"... raise AttributeError(attr)\n" +"...\n" +">>> C({}).x\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 6, in __getattr__\n" +"KeyError: 'x'\n" +"\n" +"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 8, in __getattr__\n" +"AttributeError: x" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:514 +msgid "" +"No debugging capability is lost, as the original exception context remains " +"available if needed (for example, if an intervening library has incorrectly " +"suppressed valuable underlying details)::" +msgstr "调试功能并未丢失，因为原始异常上下文在需要时仍然可用（举例来说，如果某个中间库不正确地抑制了有价值的下层细节）::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:518 +msgid "" +">>> try:\n" +"... D({}).x\n" +"... except AttributeError as exc:\n" +"... print(repr(exc.__context__))\n" +"...\n" +"KeyError('x',)" +msgstr "" +">>> try:\n" +"... D({}).x\n" +"... except AttributeError as exc:\n" +"... print(repr(exc.__context__))\n" +"...\n" +"KeyError('x',)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:527 +msgid ":pep:`409` - Suppressing exception context" +msgstr ":pep:`409` - 清除异常上下文" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:528 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Ethan Furman; implemented by Ethan Furman and Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "PEP 由 Ethan Furman 撰写 ，由 Ethan Furman 和 Nick Coghlan 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:533 +msgid "PEP 414: Explicit Unicode literals" +msgstr "PEP 414: 显式的Unicode文本" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:535 +msgid "" +"To ease the transition from Python 2 for Unicode aware Python applications " +"that make heavy use of Unicode literals, Python 3.3 once again supports the " +"\"``u``\" prefix for string literals. This prefix has no semantic " +"significance in Python 3, it is provided solely to reduce the number of " +"purely mechanical changes in migrating to Python 3, making it easier for " +"developers to focus on the more significant semantic changes (such as the " +"stricter default separation of binary and text data)." +msgstr "" +"为使从 Python 2 迁移重度使用 Unicode 字面值的 Unicode 自适应型 Python 应用程序更为容易，Python 3.3 " +"重新支持字符串字面值使用 \"``u``\" 前缀。 该前缀在 Python 3 中并无语法意义，提供它只是为了减少在迁移到 Python 3 " +"时纯粹机械性的修改数量，让开发者能更轻松的关注更重要的语法变化（比如默认更严格的二进制和文本数据的区分）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:545 +msgid ":pep:`414` - Explicit Unicode literals" +msgstr ":pep:`414` - 显式的Unicode文本" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:546 +msgid "PEP written by Armin Ronacher." +msgstr "PEP 由 Armin Ronacher 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:550 +msgid "PEP 3155: Qualified name for classes and functions" +msgstr "PEP 3155: 类和函数的限定名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:552 +msgid "" +"Functions and class objects have a new :attr:`~definition.__qualname__` " +"attribute representing the \"path\" from the module top-level to their " +"definition. For global functions and classes, this is the same as " +":attr:`~definition.__name__`. For other functions and classes, it provides " +"better information about where they were actually defined, and how they " +"might be accessible from the global scope." +msgstr "" +"函数和类对象新增了 :attr:`~definition.__qualname__` 属性来表示从模块最高层级到其定义位置的“路径”。 " +"对于全局函数和类，这将与 :attr:`~definition.__name__` 相同。 " +"对于其他函数和类，它提供了有关这些对象实际定义所在位置，以及如何从全局作用域访问它们的更详细信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:560 +msgid "Example with (non-bound) methods::" +msgstr "包含（未绑定）方法的示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:562 +msgid "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... def meth(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C.meth.__name__\n" +"'meth'\n" +">>> C.meth.__qualname__\n" +"'C.meth'" +msgstr "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... def meth(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C.meth.__name__\n" +"'meth'\n" +">>> C.meth.__qualname__\n" +"'C.meth'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:571 +msgid "Example with nested classes::" +msgstr "包含嵌套类的示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:573 +msgid "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... class D:\n" +"... def meth(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C.D.__name__\n" +"'D'\n" +">>> C.D.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D'\n" +">>> C.D.meth.__name__\n" +"'meth'\n" +">>> C.D.meth.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D.meth'" +msgstr "" +">>> class C:\n" +"... class D:\n" +"... def meth(self):\n" +"... pass\n" +"...\n" +">>> C.D.__name__\n" +"'D'\n" +">>> C.D.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D'\n" +">>> C.D.meth.__name__\n" +"'meth'\n" +">>> C.D.meth.__qualname__\n" +"'C.D.meth'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:587 +msgid "Example with nested functions::" +msgstr "包含嵌套函数的示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:589 +msgid "" +">>> def outer():\n" +"... def inner():\n" +"... pass\n" +"... return inner\n" +"...\n" +">>> outer().__name__\n" +"'inner'\n" +">>> outer().__qualname__\n" +"'outer..inner'" +msgstr "" +">>> def outer():\n" +"... def inner():\n" +"... pass\n" +"... return inner\n" +"...\n" +">>> outer().__name__\n" +"'inner'\n" +">>> outer().__qualname__\n" +"'outer..inner'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:599 +msgid "" +"The string representation of those objects is also changed to include the " +"new, more precise information::" +msgstr "这些对象的字符串表示形式也被修改以包括新的更准确的信息::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:602 +msgid "" +">>> str(C.D)\n" +"\"\"\n" +">>> str(C.D.meth)\n" +"''" +msgstr "" +">>> str(C.D)\n" +"\"\"\n" +">>> str(C.D.meth)\n" +"''" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:609 +msgid ":pep:`3155` - Qualified name for classes and functions" +msgstr ":pep:`3155` - 类和函数的限定名称" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:610 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Antoine Pitrou." +msgstr "PEP 由 Antoine Pitrou 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:616 +msgid "PEP 412: Key-Sharing Dictionary" +msgstr "PEP 412: Key-Sharing Dictionary" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:618 +msgid "" +"Dictionaries used for the storage of objects' attributes are now able to " +"share part of their internal storage between each other (namely, the part " +"which stores the keys and their respective hashes). This reduces the memory" +" consumption of programs creating many instances of non-builtin types." +msgstr "" +"用于存储对象属性的字典现在能够在彼此之间共享部分内部存储（比如说，存储键及其对应哈希值的部分）。 这减少了程序创建多个非内置类型实例的内存消耗。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:625 +msgid ":pep:`412` - Key-Sharing Dictionary" +msgstr ":pep:`412` - Key-Sharing Dictionary" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:626 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Mark Shannon." +msgstr "PEP 由 Mark Shannon 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:630 +msgid "PEP 362: Function Signature Object" +msgstr "PEP 362: 函数签名对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:632 +msgid "" +"A new function :func:`inspect.signature` makes introspection of python " +"callables easy and straightforward. A broad range of callables is " +"supported: python functions, decorated or not, classes, and " +":func:`functools.partial` objects. New classes :class:`inspect.Signature`, " +":class:`inspect.Parameter` and :class:`inspect.BoundArguments` hold " +"information about the call signatures, such as, annotations, default values," +" parameters kinds, and bound arguments, which considerably simplifies " +"writing decorators and any code that validates or amends calling signatures " +"or arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:643 +msgid ":pep:`362`: - Function Signature Object" +msgstr ":pep:`362`: - 函数签名对象" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:644 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Brett Cannon, Yury Selivanov, Larry Hastings, Jiwon Seo; " +"implemented by Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Brett Cannon，Yury Selivanov，Larry Hastings，Jiwon Seo 撰写，由 Yury " +"Selivanov 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:649 +msgid "PEP 421: Adding sys.implementation" +msgstr "PEP 421: 添加 sys.implementation" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:651 +msgid "" +"A new attribute on the :mod:`sys` module exposes details specific to the " +"implementation of the currently running interpreter. The initial set of " +"attributes on :data:`sys.implementation` are ``name``, ``version``, " +"``hexversion``, and ``cache_tag``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:656 +msgid "" +"The intention of ``sys.implementation`` is to consolidate into one namespace" +" the implementation-specific data used by the standard library. This allows" +" different Python implementations to share a single standard library code " +"base much more easily. In its initial state, ``sys.implementation`` holds " +"only a small portion of the implementation-specific data. Over time that " +"ratio will shift in order to make the standard library more portable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:663 +msgid "" +"One example of improved standard library portability is ``cache_tag``. As " +"of Python 3.3, ``sys.implementation.cache_tag`` is used by :mod:`importlib` " +"to support :pep:`3147` compliance. Any Python implementation that uses " +"``importlib`` for its built-in import system may use ``cache_tag`` to " +"control the caching behavior for modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:670 +msgid "SimpleNamespace" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:672 +msgid "" +"The implementation of ``sys.implementation`` also introduces a new type to " +"Python: :class:`types.SimpleNamespace`. In contrast to a mapping-based " +"namespace, like :class:`dict`, ``SimpleNamespace`` is attribute-based, like " +":class:`object`. However, unlike ``object``, ``SimpleNamespace`` instances " +"are writable. This means that you can add, remove, and modify the namespace" +" through normal attribute access." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:681 +msgid ":pep:`421` - Adding sys.implementation" +msgstr ":pep:`421` - 添加 sys.implementation" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:682 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric Snow." +msgstr "PEP 由 Eric Snow 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:688 +msgid "Using importlib as the Implementation of Import" +msgstr "使用 importlib 作为导入的实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:689 +msgid "" +":issue:`2377` - Replace __import__ w/ importlib.__import__ :issue:`13959` - " +"Re-implement parts of :mod:`!imp` in pure Python :issue:`14605` - Make " +"import machinery explicit :issue:`14646` - Require loaders set __loader__ " +"and __package__" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:694 +msgid "" +"The :func:`__import__` function is now powered by " +":func:`importlib.__import__`. This work leads to the completion of \"phase " +"2\" of :pep:`302`. There are multiple benefits to this change. First, it has" +" allowed for more of the machinery powering import to be exposed instead of " +"being implicit and hidden within the C code. It also provides a single " +"implementation for all Python VMs supporting Python 3.3 to use, helping to " +"end any VM-specific deviations in import semantics. And finally it eases the" +" maintenance of import, allowing for future growth to occur." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:703 +msgid "" +"For the common user, there should be no visible change in semantics. For " +"those whose code currently manipulates import or calls import " +"programmatically, the code changes that might possibly be required are " +"covered in the `Porting Python code`_ section of this document." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:709 +msgid "New APIs" +msgstr "新的API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:710 +msgid "" +"One of the large benefits of this work is the exposure of what goes into " +"making the import statement work. That means the various importers that were" +" once implicit are now fully exposed as part of the :mod:`importlib` " +"package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:714 +msgid "" +"The abstract base classes defined in :mod:`importlib.abc` have been expanded" +" to properly delineate between :term:`meta path finders ` " +"and :term:`path entry finders ` by introducing " +":class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` and " +":class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder`, respectively. The old ABC of " +":class:`!importlib.abc.Finder` is now only provided for backwards-" +"compatibility and does not enforce any method requirements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:722 +msgid "" +"In terms of finders, :class:`importlib.machinery.FileFinder` exposes the " +"mechanism used to search for source and bytecode files of a module. " +"Previously this class was an implicit member of :data:`sys.path_hooks`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:726 +msgid "" +"For loaders, the new abstract base class :class:`importlib.abc.FileLoader` " +"helps write a loader that uses the file system as the storage mechanism for " +"a module's code. The loader for source files " +"(:class:`importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader`), sourceless bytecode files " +"(:class:`importlib.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader`), and extension modules " +"(:class:`importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader`) are now available for " +"direct use." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:734 +msgid "" +":exc:`ImportError` now has ``name`` and ``path`` attributes which are set " +"when there is relevant data to provide. The message for failed imports will " +"also provide the full name of the module now instead of just the tail end of" +" the module's name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:739 +msgid "" +"The :func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` function will now call the method " +"with the same name on all finders cached in :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` " +"to help clean up any stored state as necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:744 +msgid "Visible Changes" +msgstr "可见的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:746 +msgid "" +"For potential required changes to code, see the `Porting Python code`_ " +"section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:749 +msgid "" +"Beyond the expanse of what :mod:`importlib` now exposes, there are other " +"visible changes to import. The biggest is that :data:`sys.meta_path` and " +":data:`sys.path_hooks` now store all of the meta path finders and path entry" +" hooks used by import. Previously the finders were implicit and hidden " +"within the C code of import instead of being directly exposed. This means " +"that one can now easily remove or change the order of the various finders to" +" fit one's needs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Another change is that all modules have a ``__loader__`` attribute, storing " +"the loader used to create the module. :pep:`302` has been updated to make " +"this attribute mandatory for loaders to implement, so in the future once " +"3rd-party loaders have been updated people will be able to rely on the " +"existence of the attribute. Until such time, though, import is setting the " +"module post-load." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:762 +msgid "" +"Loaders are also now expected to set the ``__package__`` attribute from " +":pep:`366`. Once again, import itself is already setting this on all loaders" +" from :mod:`importlib` and import itself is setting the attribute post-load." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:766 +msgid "" +"``None`` is now inserted into :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` when no finder" +" can be found on :data:`sys.path_hooks`. Since :class:`!imp.NullImporter` is" +" not directly exposed on :data:`sys.path_hooks` it could no longer be relied" +" upon to always be available to use as a value representing no finder found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:771 +msgid "" +"All other changes relate to semantic changes which should be taken into " +"consideration when updating code for Python 3.3, and thus should be read " +"about in the `Porting Python code`_ section of this document." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:775 +msgid "(Implementation by Brett Cannon)" +msgstr "（由 Brett Cannon 编写的实现）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:779 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:781 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:783 +msgid "" +"Added support for Unicode name aliases and named sequences. Both " +":func:`unicodedata.lookup` and ``'\\N{...}'`` now resolve name aliases, and " +":func:`unicodedata.lookup` resolves named sequences too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:787 +msgid "(Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`12753`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ezio Melotti 在 :issue:`12753` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:789 +msgid "Unicode database updated to UCD version 6.1.0" +msgstr "Unicode 数据库更新至 UCD 版本 6.1.0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:791 +msgid "" +"Equality comparisons on :func:`range` objects now return a result reflecting" +" the equality of the underlying sequences generated by those range objects. " +"(:issue:`13201`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:795 +msgid "" +"The ``count()``, ``find()``, ``rfind()``, ``index()`` and ``rindex()`` " +"methods of :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` objects now accept an " +"integer between 0 and 255 as their first argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:799 +msgid "(Contributed by Petri Lehtinen in :issue:`12170`.)" +msgstr "（由 Petri Lehtinen 在 :issue:`12170` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:801 +msgid "" +"The ``rjust()``, ``ljust()``, and ``center()`` methods of :class:`bytes` and" +" :class:`bytearray` now accept a :class:`bytearray` for the ``fill`` " +"argument. (Contributed by Petri Lehtinen in :issue:`12380`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:805 +msgid "" +"New methods have been added to :class:`list` and :class:`bytearray`: " +"``copy()`` and ``clear()`` (:issue:`10516`). Consequently, " +":class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence` now also defines a " +":meth:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence.clear` method (:issue:`11388`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:810 +msgid "Raw bytes literals can now be written ``rb\"...\"`` as well as ``br\"...\"``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:812 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13748`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`13748` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:814 +msgid "" +":meth:`dict.setdefault` now does only one lookup for the given key, making " +"it atomic when used with built-in types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:817 +msgid "(Contributed by Filip Gruszczyński in :issue:`13521`.)" +msgstr "（由 Filip Gruszczyński 在 :issue:`13521` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:819 +msgid "" +"The error messages produced when a function call does not match the function" +" signature have been significantly improved." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:822 +msgid "(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson.)" +msgstr "（由 Benjamin Peterson 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:826 +msgid "A Finer-Grained Import Lock" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:828 +msgid "" +"Previous versions of CPython have always relied on a global import lock. " +"This led to unexpected annoyances, such as deadlocks when importing a module" +" would trigger code execution in a different thread as a side-effect. Clumsy" +" workarounds were sometimes employed, such as the " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` C API function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:834 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.3, importing a module takes a per-module lock. This correctly " +"serializes importation of a given module from multiple threads (preventing " +"the exposure of incompletely initialized modules), while eliminating the " +"aforementioned annoyances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:839 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`9260`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`9260` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:843 +msgid "Builtin functions and types" +msgstr "内置函数和类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:845 +msgid "" +":func:`open` gets a new *opener* parameter: the underlying file descriptor " +"for the file object is then obtained by calling *opener* with (*file*, " +"*flags*). It can be used to use custom flags like :const:`os.O_CLOEXEC` for " +"example. The ``'x'`` mode was added: open for exclusive creation, failing if" +" the file already exists." +msgstr "" +":func:`open` 新增了 *opener* 形参：文件对象下层的文件描述符将随后通过调用 *opener* 并附带 (*file*, " +"*flags*) 来获取。 它可以被用来使用自定义旗标例如 :const:`os.O_CLOEXEC`。 增加了 ``'x'`` " +"模式：打开为独占创建，如果文件已存在则打开失败。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:850 +msgid "" +":func:`print`: added the *flush* keyword argument. If the *flush* keyword " +"argument is true, the stream is forcibly flushed." +msgstr ":func:`print`: 增加了 *flush* 关键字参数。 如果 *flush* 关键字参数为真值，流会被强制刷新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:852 +msgid "" +":func:`hash`: hash randomization is enabled by default, see " +":meth:`object.__hash__` and :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`." +msgstr "" +":func:`hash`: 默认将启用哈希随机化，参见 :meth:`object.__hash__` 和 " +":envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:854 +msgid "" +"The :class:`str` type gets a new :meth:`~str.casefold` method: return a " +"casefolded copy of the string, casefolded strings may be used for caseless " +"matching. For example, ``'ß'.casefold()`` returns ``'ss'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:857 +msgid "" +"The sequence documentation has been substantially rewritten to better " +"explain the binary/text sequence distinction and to provide specific " +"documentation sections for the individual builtin sequence types " +"(:issue:`4966`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:864 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:867 +msgid "faulthandler" +msgstr "faulthandler" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:869 +msgid "" +"This new debug module :mod:`faulthandler` contains functions to dump Python " +"tracebacks explicitly, on a fault (a crash like a segmentation fault), after" +" a timeout, or on a user signal. Call :func:`faulthandler.enable` to install" +" fault handlers for the :const:`SIGSEGV`, :const:`SIGFPE`, :const:`SIGABRT`," +" :const:`SIGBUS`, and :const:`SIGILL` signals. You can also enable them at " +"startup by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` environment variable or " +"by using :option:`-X` ``faulthandler`` command line option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:877 +msgid "Example of a segmentation fault on Linux:" +msgstr "Linux 上的段错误示例:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:879 +msgid "" +"$ python -q -X faulthandler\n" +">>> import ctypes\n" +">>> ctypes.string_at(0)\n" +"Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault\n" +"\n" +"Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700:\n" +" File \"/home/python/cpython/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py\", line 486 in string_at\n" +" File \"\", line 1 in \n" +"Segmentation fault" +msgstr "" +"$ python -q -X faulthandler\n" +">>> import ctypes\n" +">>> ctypes.string_at(0)\n" +"Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault\n" +"\n" +"Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700:\n" +" File \"/home/python/cpython/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py\", line 486 in string_at\n" +" File \"\", line 1 in \n" +"Segmentation fault" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:893 +msgid "ipaddress" +msgstr "ipaddress" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:895 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`ipaddress` module provides tools for creating and manipulating" +" objects representing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, networks and interfaces (i.e." +" an IP address associated with a specific IP subnet)." +msgstr "" +"新的 :mod:`ipaddress` 模块提供了用于创建和操作代表 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址、网络和接口（即关联到特定 IP 子网的 IP " +"地址）的工具。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:899 +msgid "(Contributed by Google and Peter Moody in :pep:`3144`.)" +msgstr "（由 Google 和 Peter Moody 在 :issue:`3144` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:902 +msgid "lzma" +msgstr "lzma" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:904 +msgid "" +"The newly added :mod:`lzma` module provides data compression and " +"decompression using the LZMA algorithm, including support for the ``.xz`` " +"and ``.lzma`` file formats." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:908 +msgid "(Contributed by Nadeem Vawda and Per Øyvind Karlsen in :issue:`6715`.)" +msgstr "（由 Nadeem Vawda 和 Per Øyvind Karlsen 在 :issue:`6715` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:912 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:915 +msgid "abc" +msgstr "abc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:917 +msgid "" +"Improved support for abstract base classes containing descriptors composed " +"with abstract methods. The recommended approach to declaring abstract " +"descriptors is now to provide :attr:`__isabstractmethod__` as a dynamically " +"updated property. The built-in descriptors have been updated accordingly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:922 ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2248 +msgid "" +":class:`abc.abstractproperty` has been deprecated, use :class:`property` " +"with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:924 ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2250 +msgid "" +":class:`abc.abstractclassmethod` has been deprecated, use " +":class:`classmethod` with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:926 ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2252 +msgid "" +":class:`abc.abstractstaticmethod` has been deprecated, use " +":class:`staticmethod` with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:929 +msgid "(Contributed by Darren Dale in :issue:`11610`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`11610` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:931 +msgid "" +":meth:`abc.ABCMeta.register` now returns the registered subclass, which " +"means it can now be used as a class decorator (:issue:`10868`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:936 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:938 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`array` module supports the :c:expr:`long long` type using ``q`` " +"and ``Q`` type codes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:941 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Oren Tirosh and Hirokazu Yamamoto in :issue:`1172711`.)" +msgstr "（由 Oren Tirosh 和 Hirokazu Yamamoto 在 :issue:`1172711` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:945 +msgid "base64" +msgstr "base64" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:947 +msgid "" +"ASCII-only Unicode strings are now accepted by the decoding functions of the" +" :mod:`base64` modern interface. For example, ``base64.b64decode('YWJj')`` " +"returns ``b'abc'``. (Contributed by Catalin Iacob in :issue:`13641`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:953 +msgid "binascii" +msgstr "binascii" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:955 +msgid "" +"In addition to the binary objects they normally accept, the ``a2b_`` " +"functions now all also accept ASCII-only strings as input. (Contributed by " +"Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13637`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:961 +msgid "bz2" +msgstr "bz2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:963 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bz2` module has been rewritten from scratch. In the process, " +"several new features have been added:" +msgstr ":mod:`bz2` 模块已被重新编写。 在此过程中，添加了一些新的特征:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:966 +msgid "" +"New :func:`bz2.open` function: open a bzip2-compressed file in binary or " +"text mode." +msgstr "新的 :func:`bz2.open` 函数：以二进制或文本模式打开 bzip2 压缩文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:969 +msgid "" +":class:`bz2.BZ2File` can now read from and write to arbitrary file-like " +"objects, by means of its constructor's *fileobj* argument." +msgstr ":class:`bz2.BZ2File` 现在可以读写任意文件型对象，具体方式是通过其构造器的 *fileobj* 参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:972 +msgid "(Contributed by Nadeem Vawda in :issue:`5863`.)" +msgstr "（由 Nadeem Vawda 在 :issue:`5863` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:974 +msgid "" +":class:`bz2.BZ2File` and :func:`bz2.decompress` can now decompress multi-" +"stream inputs (such as those produced by the :program:`pbzip2` tool). " +":class:`bz2.BZ2File` can now also be used to create this type of file, using" +" the ``'a'`` (append) mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:979 +msgid "(Contributed by Nir Aides in :issue:`1625`.)" +msgstr "（由 Nir Aides 在 :issue:`1625` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:981 +msgid "" +":class:`bz2.BZ2File` now implements all of the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` " +"API, except for the :meth:`detach` and :meth:`truncate` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:986 +msgid "codecs" +msgstr "编码器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:988 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`~encodings.mbcs` codec has been rewritten to handle correctly " +"``replace`` and ``ignore`` error handlers on all Windows versions. The " +":mod:`~encodings.mbcs` codec now supports all error handlers, instead of " +"only ``replace`` to encode and ``ignore`` to decode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:993 +msgid "" +"A new Windows-only codec has been added: ``cp65001`` (:issue:`13216`). It is" +" the Windows code page 65001 (Windows UTF-8, ``CP_UTF8``). For example, it " +"is used by ``sys.stdout`` if the console output code page is set to cp65001 " +"(e.g., using ``chcp 65001`` command)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:998 +msgid "" +"Multibyte CJK decoders now resynchronize faster. They only ignore the first" +" byte of an invalid byte sequence. For example, " +"``b'\\xff\\n'.decode('gb2312', 'replace')`` now returns a ``\\n`` after the " +"replacement character." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1002 +msgid "(:issue:`12016`)" +msgstr "(:issue:`12016`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"Incremental CJK codec encoders are no longer reset at each call to their " +"encode() methods. For example::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1007 +msgid "" +">>> import codecs\n" +">>> encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder('hz')('strict')\n" +">>> b''.join(encoder.encode(x) for x in '\\u52ff\\u65bd\\u65bc\\u4eba\\u3002 Bye.')\n" +"b'~{NpJ)l6HK!#~} Bye.'" +msgstr "" +">>> import codecs\n" +">>> encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder('hz')('strict')\n" +">>> b''.join(encoder.encode(x) for x in '\\u52ff\\u65bd\\u65bc\\u4eba\\u3002 Bye.')\n" +"b'~{NpJ)l6HK!#~} Bye.'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1012 +msgid "" +"This example gives ``b'~{Np~}~{J)~}~{l6~}~{HK~}~{!#~} Bye.'`` with older " +"Python versions." +msgstr "对于旧版 Python 此示例将给出 ``b'~{Np~}~{J)~}~{l6~}~{HK~}~{!#~} Bye.'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1015 +msgid "(:issue:`12100`)" +msgstr "(:issue:`12100`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1017 +msgid "The ``unicode_internal`` codec has been deprecated." +msgstr "``unicode_internal`` 编解码器已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1021 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1023 +msgid "" +"Addition of a new :class:`~collections.ChainMap` class to allow treating a " +"number of mappings as a single unit. (Written by Raymond Hettinger for " +":issue:`11089`, made public in :issue:`11297`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1027 +msgid "" +"The abstract base classes have been moved in a new :mod:`collections.abc` " +"module, to better differentiate between the abstract and the concrete " +"collections classes. Aliases for ABCs are still present in the " +":mod:`collections` module to preserve existing imports. (:issue:`11085`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~collections.Counter` class now supports the unary ``+`` and " +"``-`` operators, as well as the in-place operators ``+=``, ``-=``, ``|=``, " +"and ``&=``. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`13121`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1040 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1042 +msgid "" +":class:`~contextlib.ExitStack` now provides a solid foundation for " +"programmatic manipulation of context managers and similar cleanup " +"functionality. Unlike the previous ``contextlib.nested`` API (which was " +"deprecated and removed), the new API is designed to work correctly " +"regardless of whether context managers acquire their resources in their " +"``__init__`` method (for example, file objects) or in their ``__enter__`` " +"method (for example, synchronisation objects from the :mod:`threading` " +"module)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1051 +msgid "(:issue:`13585`)" +msgstr "(:issue:`13585`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1055 +msgid "crypt" +msgstr "crypt" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1057 +msgid "" +"Addition of salt and modular crypt format (hashing method) and the " +":func:`!mksalt` function to the :mod:`!crypt` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1060 +msgid "(:issue:`10924`)" +msgstr "(:issue:`10924`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1063 +msgid "curses" +msgstr "curses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1065 +msgid "" +"If the :mod:`curses` module is linked to the ncursesw library, use Unicode " +"functions when Unicode strings or characters are passed (e.g. " +":c:func:`waddwstr`), and bytes functions otherwise (e.g. :c:func:`waddstr`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"Use the locale encoding instead of ``utf-8`` to encode Unicode strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1069 +msgid "" +":class:`curses.window` has a new :attr:`curses.window.encoding` attribute." +msgstr ":class:`curses.window` 添加了新的 :attr:`curses.window.encoding` 属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"The :class:`curses.window` class has a new :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` " +"method to get a wide character" +msgstr "" +":class:`curses.window` 类有一个新的 :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` 方法用来获取一个宽字符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1072 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`curses` module has a new :meth:`~curses.unget_wch` function to " +"push a wide character so the next :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` will return" +" it" +msgstr "" +":mod:`curses` 模块有一个新的 :meth:`~curses.unget_wch` 函数用来推入一个宽字符以便下一个 " +":meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` 将返回它。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1076 +msgid "(Contributed by Iñigo Serna in :issue:`6755`.)" +msgstr "（由 Iñigo Serna 在 :issue:`6755` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1079 +msgid "datetime" +msgstr "datetime" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1081 +msgid "" +"Equality comparisons between naive and aware :class:`~datetime.datetime` " +"instances now return :const:`False` instead of raising :exc:`TypeError` " +"(:issue:`15006`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1084 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`datetime.datetime.timestamp` method: Return POSIX timestamp " +"corresponding to the :class:`~datetime.datetime` instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1086 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`datetime.datetime.strftime` method supports formatting years " +"older than 1000." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1088 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`datetime.datetime.astimezone` method can now be called without " +"arguments to convert datetime instance to the system timezone." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1096 +msgid "decimal" +msgstr "decimal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1098 +msgid ":issue:`7652` - integrate fast native decimal arithmetic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1099 +msgid "C-module and libmpdec written by Stefan Krah." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"The new C version of the decimal module integrates the high speed libmpdec " +"library for arbitrary precision correctly rounded decimal floating-point " +"arithmetic. libmpdec conforms to IBM's General Decimal Arithmetic " +"Specification." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1105 +msgid "" +"Performance gains range from 10x for database applications to 100x for " +"numerically intensive applications. These numbers are expected gains for " +"standard precisions used in decimal floating-point arithmetic. Since the " +"precision is user configurable, the exact figures may vary. For example, in " +"integer bignum arithmetic the differences can be significantly higher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1111 +msgid "" +"The following table is meant as an illustration. Benchmarks are available at" +" https://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal/quickstart.html." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1115 +msgid "decimal.py" +msgstr "decimal.py" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1115 +msgid "_decimal" +msgstr "_decimal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1115 +msgid "speedup" +msgstr "加速" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1117 +msgid "pi" +msgstr "pi" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1117 +msgid "42.02s" +msgstr "42.02秒" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1117 +msgid "0.345s" +msgstr "0.345秒" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1117 +msgid "120x" +msgstr "120倍" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1119 +msgid "telco" +msgstr "telco" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1119 +msgid "172.19s" +msgstr "172.19秒" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1119 +msgid "5.68s" +msgstr "5.68秒" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1119 +msgid "30x" +msgstr "30倍" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1121 +msgid "psycopg" +msgstr "psycopg" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1121 +msgid "3.57s" +msgstr "3.57秒" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1121 +msgid "0.29s" +msgstr "0.29秒" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1121 +msgid "12x" +msgstr "12倍" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"The :exc:`~decimal.FloatOperation` signal optionally enables stricter " +"semantics for mixing floats and Decimals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1130 +msgid "" +"If Python is compiled without threads, the C version automatically disables " +"the expensive thread local context machinery. In this case, the variable " +":const:`~decimal.HAVE_THREADS` is set to ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1137 +msgid "" +"The C module has the following context limits, depending on the machine " +"architecture:" +msgstr "C模块上下文限制（如下表），具体取决于计算机体系结构：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1141 +msgid "32-bit" +msgstr "32位" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1141 +msgid "64-bit" +msgstr "64位" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1143 +msgid ":const:`MAX_PREC`" +msgstr ":const:`MAX_PREC`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1143 ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1145 +msgid "``425000000``" +msgstr "``425000000``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1143 ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1145 +msgid "``999999999999999999``" +msgstr "``999999999999999999``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1145 +msgid ":const:`MAX_EMAX`" +msgstr ":const:`MAX_EMAX`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1147 +msgid ":const:`MIN_EMIN`" +msgstr ":const:`MIN_EMIN`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1147 +msgid "``-425000000``" +msgstr "``-425000000``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1147 +msgid "``-999999999999999999``" +msgstr "``-999999999999999999``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"In the context templates (:const:`~decimal.DefaultContext`, " +":const:`~decimal.BasicContext` and :const:`~decimal.ExtendedContext`) the " +"magnitude of :attr:`~decimal.Context.Emax` and :attr:`~decimal.Context.Emin`" +" has changed to ``999999``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1155 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~decimal.Decimal` constructor in decimal.py does not observe the" +" context limits and converts values with arbitrary exponents or precision " +"exactly. Since the C version has internal limits, the following scheme is " +"used: If possible, values are converted exactly, otherwise " +":exc:`~decimal.InvalidOperation` is raised and the result is NaN. In the " +"latter case it is always possible to use " +":meth:`~decimal.Context.create_decimal` in order to obtain a rounded or " +"inexact value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1164 +msgid "" +"The power function in decimal.py is always correctly rounded. In the C " +"version, it is defined in terms of the correctly rounded " +":meth:`~decimal.Decimal.exp` and :meth:`~decimal.Decimal.ln` functions, but " +"the final result is only \"almost always correctly rounded\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1170 +msgid "" +"In the C version, the context dictionary containing the signals is a " +":class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping`. For speed reasons, " +":attr:`~decimal.Context.flags` and :attr:`~decimal.Context.traps` always " +"refer to the same :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` that the context " +"was initialized with. If a new signal dictionary is assigned, " +":attr:`~decimal.Context.flags` and :attr:`~decimal.Context.traps` are " +"updated with the new values, but they do not reference the RHS dictionary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1180 +msgid "" +"Pickling a :class:`~decimal.Context` produces a different output in order to" +" have a common interchange format for the Python and C versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1184 +msgid "" +"The order of arguments in the :class:`~decimal.Context` constructor has been" +" changed to match the order displayed by :func:`repr`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1188 +msgid "" +"The ``watchexp`` parameter in the :meth:`~decimal.Decimal.quantize` method " +"is deprecated." +msgstr ":meth:`~decimal.Decimal.quantize` 方法的 ``watchexp`` 形参已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1195 +msgid "email" +msgstr "email" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1198 +msgid "Policy Framework" +msgstr "策略框架" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1200 +msgid "" +"The email package now has a :mod:`~email.policy` framework. A " +":class:`~email.policy.Policy` is an object with several methods and " +"properties that control how the email package behaves. The primary policy " +"for Python 3.3 is the :class:`~email.policy.Compat32` policy, which provides" +" backward compatibility with the email package in Python 3.2. A ``policy`` " +"can be specified when an email message is parsed by a :mod:`~email.parser`, " +"or when a :class:`~email.message.Message` object is created, or when an " +"email is serialized using a :mod:`~email.generator`. Unless overridden, a " +"policy passed to a ``parser`` is inherited by all the ``Message`` object and" +" sub-objects created by the ``parser``. By default a ``generator`` will use" +" the policy of the ``Message`` object it is serializing. The default policy" +" is :data:`~email.policy.compat32`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1213 +msgid "The minimum set of controls implemented by all ``policy`` objects are:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1218 +msgid "max_line_length" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1218 +msgid "" +"The maximum length, excluding the linesep character(s), individual lines may" +" have when a ``Message`` is serialized. Defaults to 78." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1222 +msgid "linesep" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1222 +msgid "" +"The character used to separate individual lines when a ``Message`` is " +"serialized. Defaults to ``\\n``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1225 +msgid "cte_type" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"``7bit`` or ``8bit``. ``8bit`` applies only to a ``Bytes`` ``generator``, " +"and means that non-ASCII may be used where allowed by the protocol (or where" +" it exists in the original input)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1230 +msgid "raise_on_defect" +msgstr "raise_on_defect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1230 +msgid "" +"Causes a ``parser`` to raise error when defects are encountered instead of " +"adding them to the ``Message`` object's ``defects`` list." +msgstr "导致一个 ``parser`` 在遇到缺陷时引发错误而不是将它们添加到 ``Message`` 对象的 ``defects`` 列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1235 +msgid "" +"A new policy instance, with new settings, is created using the " +":meth:`~email.policy.Policy.clone` method of policy objects. ``clone`` " +"takes any of the above controls as keyword arguments. Any control not " +"specified in the call retains its default value. Thus you can create a " +"policy that uses ``\\r\\n`` linesep characters like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1241 +msgid "mypolicy = compat32.clone(linesep='\\r\\n')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1243 +msgid "" +"Policies can be used to make the generation of messages in the format needed" +" by your application simpler. Instead of having to remember to specify " +"``linesep='\\r\\n'`` in all the places you call a ``generator``, you can " +"specify it once, when you set the policy used by the ``parser`` or the " +"``Message``, whichever your program uses to create ``Message`` objects. On " +"the other hand, if you need to generate messages in multiple forms, you can " +"still specify the parameters in the appropriate ``generator`` call. Or you " +"can have custom policy instances for your different cases, and pass those in" +" when you create the ``generator``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1255 +msgid "Provisional Policy with New Header API" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"While the policy framework is worthwhile all by itself, the main motivation " +"for introducing it is to allow the creation of new policies that implement " +"new features for the email package in a way that maintains backward " +"compatibility for those who do not use the new policies. Because the new " +"policies introduce a new API, we are releasing them in Python 3.3 as a " +":term:`provisional policy `. Backwards incompatible " +"changes (up to and including removal of the code) may occur if deemed " +"necessary by the core developers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"The new policies are instances of :class:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy`, and " +"add the following additional controls:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1271 +msgid "refold_source" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1271 +msgid "" +"Controls whether or not headers parsed by a :mod:`~email.parser` are " +"refolded by the :mod:`~email.generator`. It can be ``none``, ``long``, or " +"``all``. The default is ``long``, which means that source headers with a " +"line longer than ``max_line_length`` get refolded. ``none`` means no line " +"get refolded, and ``all`` means that all lines get refolded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1280 +msgid "header_factory" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"A callable that take a ``name`` and ``value`` and produces a custom header " +"object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"The ``header_factory`` is the key to the new features provided by the new " +"policies. When one of the new policies is used, any header retrieved from a" +" ``Message`` object is an object produced by the ``header_factory``, and any" +" time you set a header on a ``Message`` it becomes an object produced by " +"``header_factory``. All such header objects have a ``name`` attribute equal" +" to the header name. Address and Date headers have additional attributes " +"that give you access to the parsed data of the header. This means you can " +"now do things like this::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1293 +msgid "" +">>> m = Message(policy=SMTP)\n" +">>> m['To'] = 'Éric '\n" +">>> m['to']\n" +"'Éric '\n" +">>> m['to'].addresses\n" +"(Address(display_name='Éric', username='foo', domain='example.com'),)\n" +">>> m['to'].addresses[0].username\n" +"'foo'\n" +">>> m['to'].addresses[0].display_name\n" +"'Éric'\n" +">>> m['Date'] = email.utils.localtime()\n" +">>> m['Date'].datetime\n" +"datetime.datetime(2012, 5, 25, 21, 39, 24, 465484, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(-1, 72000), 'EDT'))\n" +">>> m['Date']\n" +"'Fri, 25 May 2012 21:44:27 -0400'\n" +">>> print(m)\n" +"To: =?utf-8?q?=C3=89ric?= \n" +"Date: Fri, 25 May 2012 21:44:27 -0400" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1312 +msgid "" +"You will note that the unicode display name is automatically encoded as " +"``utf-8`` when the message is serialized, but that when the header is " +"accessed directly, you get the unicode version. This eliminates any need to" +" deal with the :mod:`email.header` :meth:`~email.header.decode_header` or " +":meth:`~email.header.make_header` functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1318 +msgid "You can also create addresses from parts::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1320 +msgid "" +">>> m['cc'] = [Group('pals', [Address('Bob', 'bob', 'example.com'),\n" +"... Address('Sally', 'sally', 'example.com')]),\n" +"... Address('Bonzo', addr_spec='bonz@laugh.com')]\n" +">>> print(m)\n" +"To: =?utf-8?q?=C3=89ric?= \n" +"Date: Fri, 25 May 2012 21:44:27 -0400\n" +"cc: pals: Bob , Sally ;, Bonzo " +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1328 +msgid "Decoding to unicode is done automatically::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1330 +msgid "" +">>> m2 = message_from_string(str(m))\n" +">>> m2['to']\n" +"'Éric '" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"When you parse a message, you can use the ``addresses`` and ``groups`` " +"attributes of the header objects to access the groups and individual " +"addresses::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1338 +msgid "" +">>> m2['cc'].addresses\n" +"(Address(display_name='Bob', username='bob', domain='example.com'), Address(display_name='Sally', username='sally', domain='example.com'), Address(display_name='Bonzo', username='bonz', domain='laugh.com'))\n" +">>> m2['cc'].groups\n" +"(Group(display_name='pals', addresses=(Address(display_name='Bob', username='bob', domain='example.com'), Address(display_name='Sally', username='sally', domain='example.com')), Group(display_name=None, addresses=(Address(display_name='Bonzo', username='bonz', domain='laugh.com'),))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1343 +msgid "" +"In summary, if you use one of the new policies, header manipulation works " +"the way it ought to: your application works with unicode strings, and the " +"email package transparently encodes and decodes the unicode to and from the " +"RFC standard Content Transfer Encodings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1349 +msgid "Other API Changes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1351 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~email.parser.BytesHeaderParser`, added to the " +":mod:`~email.parser` module to complement " +":class:`~email.parser.HeaderParser` and complete the Bytes API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1355 +msgid "New utility functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1357 +msgid "" +":func:`~email.utils.format_datetime`: given a :class:`~datetime.datetime`, " +"produce a string formatted for use in an email header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1360 +msgid "" +":func:`~email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime`: given a date string from an " +"email header, convert it into an aware :class:`~datetime.datetime`, or a " +"naive :class:`~datetime.datetime` if the offset is ``-0000``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1364 +msgid "" +":func:`~email.utils.localtime`: With no argument, returns the current local " +"time as an aware :class:`~datetime.datetime` using the local " +":class:`~datetime.timezone`. Given an aware :class:`~datetime.datetime`, " +"converts it into an aware :class:`~datetime.datetime` using the local " +":class:`~datetime.timezone`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1372 +msgid "ftplib" +msgstr "ftplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1374 +msgid "" +":class:`ftplib.FTP` now accepts a ``source_address`` keyword argument to " +"specify the ``(host, port)`` to use as the source address in the bind call " +"when creating the outgoing socket. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in " +":issue:`8594`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`ftplib.FTP` 接受一个 ``source_address`` 关键字参数用于在创建外发套接字时指定 ``(host, " +"port)`` 作为绑定调用中的源地址。 （由 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`8594` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1379 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` class now provides a new " +":func:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS.ccc` function to revert control channel back to " +"plaintext. This can be useful to take advantage of firewalls that know how " +"to handle NAT with non-secure FTP without opening fixed ports. (Contributed" +" by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`12139`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`ftplib.FTP.mlsd` method which provides a parsable directory " +"listing format and deprecates :meth:`ftplib.FTP.nlst` and " +":meth:`ftplib.FTP.dir`. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in " +":issue:`11072`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1391 +msgid "functools" +msgstr "functools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"The :func:`functools.lru_cache` decorator now accepts a ``typed`` keyword " +"argument (that defaults to ``False`` to ensure that it caches values of " +"different types that compare equal in separate cache slots. (Contributed by" +" Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`13227`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1400 +msgid "gc" +msgstr "gc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1402 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to register callbacks invoked by the garbage collector " +"before and after collection using the new :data:`~gc.callbacks` list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1407 +msgid "hmac" +msgstr "hmac" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1409 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~hmac.compare_digest` function has been added to prevent side " +"channel attacks on digests through timing analysis. (Contributed by Nick " +"Coghlan and Christian Heimes in :issue:`15061`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1415 +msgid "http" +msgstr "http" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1417 +msgid "" +":class:`http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler` now buffers the headers and " +"writes them all at once when " +":meth:`~http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.end_headers` is called. A new " +"method :meth:`~http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.flush_headers` can be used" +" to directly manage when the accumulated headers are sent. (Contributed by " +"Andrew Schaaf in :issue:`3709`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1423 +msgid "" +":class:`http.server` now produces valid ``HTML 4.01 strict`` output. " +"(Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`13295`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1426 +msgid "" +":class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` now has a " +":meth:`~http.client.HTTPResponse.readinto` method, which means it can be " +"used as an :class:`io.RawIOBase` class. (Contributed by John Kuhn in " +":issue:`13464`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1433 +msgid "html" +msgstr "html" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1435 +msgid "" +":class:`html.parser.HTMLParser` is now able to parse broken markup without " +"raising errors, therefore the *strict* argument of the constructor and the " +":exc:`~html.parser.HTMLParseError` exception are now deprecated. The ability" +" to parse broken markup is the result of a number of bug fixes that are also" +" available on the latest bug fix releases of Python 2.7/3.2. (Contributed by" +" Ezio Melotti in :issue:`15114`, and :issue:`14538`, :issue:`13993`, " +":issue:`13960`, :issue:`13358`, :issue:`1745761`, :issue:`755670`, " +":issue:`13357`, :issue:`12629`, :issue:`1200313`, :issue:`670664`, " +":issue:`13273`, :issue:`12888`, :issue:`7311`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1445 +msgid "" +"A new :data:`~html.entities.html5` dictionary that maps HTML5 named " +"character references to the equivalent Unicode character(s) (e.g. " +"``html5['gt;'] == '>'``) has been added to the :mod:`html.entities` module." +" The dictionary is now also used by :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser`. " +"(Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`11113` and :issue:`15156`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1453 +msgid "imaplib" +msgstr "imaplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1455 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` constructor now accepts an SSLContext " +"parameter to control parameters of the secure channel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1458 +msgid "(Contributed by Sijin Joseph in :issue:`8808`.)" +msgstr "（由 Sijin Joseph 在 :issue:`8808` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1462 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1464 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~inspect.getclosurevars` function has been added. This function" +" reports the current binding of all names referenced from the function body " +"and where those names were resolved, making it easier to verify correct " +"internal state when testing code that relies on stateful closures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1469 +msgid "(Contributed by Meador Inge and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`13062`.)" +msgstr "（由 Meador Inge 和 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`13062` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1471 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~inspect.getgeneratorlocals` function has been added. This " +"function reports the current binding of local variables in the generator's " +"stack frame, making it easier to verify correct internal state when testing " +"generators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1476 +msgid "(Contributed by Meador Inge in :issue:`15153`.)" +msgstr "（由 Meador Inge 在 :issue:`15153` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1479 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1481 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~io.open` function has a new ``'x'`` mode that can be used to " +"exclusively create a new file, and raise a :exc:`FileExistsError` if the " +"file already exists. It is based on the C11 'x' mode to fopen()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1485 +msgid "(Contributed by David Townshend in :issue:`12760`.)" +msgstr "（由 David Townshend 在 :issue:`12760` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1487 +msgid "" +"The constructor of the :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` class has a new " +"*write_through* optional argument. If *write_through* is ``True``, calls to " +":meth:`~io.TextIOWrapper.write` are guaranteed not to be buffered: any data " +"written on the :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` object is immediately handled to " +"its underlying binary buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1495 +msgid "itertools" +msgstr "itertools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1497 +msgid "" +":func:`~itertools.accumulate` now takes an optional ``func`` argument for " +"providing a user-supplied binary function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1502 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~logging.basicConfig` function now supports an optional " +"``handlers`` argument taking an iterable of handlers to be added to the root" +" logger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1507 +msgid "" +"A class level attribute :attr:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.append_nul` " +"has been added to :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` to allow control " +"of the appending of the ``NUL`` (``\\000``) byte to syslog records, since " +"for some daemons it is required while for others it is passed through to the" +" log." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1515 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1517 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`math` module has a new function, :func:`~math.log2`, which " +"returns the base-2 logarithm of *x*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1520 +msgid "(Written by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`11888`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1524 +msgid "mmap" +msgstr "mmap" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1526 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~mmap.mmap.read` method is now more compatible with other file-" +"like objects: if the argument is omitted or specified as ``None``, it " +"returns the bytes from the current file position to the end of the mapping." +" (Contributed by Petri Lehtinen in :issue:`12021`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1533 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1535 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`multiprocessing.connection.wait` function allows polling " +"multiple objects (such as connections, sockets and pipes) with a timeout. " +"(Contributed by Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`12328`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1539 +msgid "" +":class:`multiprocessing.Connection` objects can now be transferred over " +"multiprocessing connections. (Contributed by Richard Oudkerk in " +":issue:`4892`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1543 +msgid "" +":class:`multiprocessing.Process` now accepts a ``daemon`` keyword argument " +"to override the default behavior of inheriting the ``daemon`` flag from the " +"parent process (:issue:`6064`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1547 +msgid "" +"New attribute :data:`multiprocessing.Process.sentinel` allows a program to " +"wait on multiple :class:`~multiprocessing.Process` objects at one time using" +" the appropriate OS primitives (for example, :mod:`select` on posix " +"systems)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1552 +msgid "" +"New methods :meth:`multiprocessing.pool.Pool.starmap` and " +":meth:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool.starmap_async` provide " +":func:`itertools.starmap` equivalents to the existing " +":meth:`multiprocessing.pool.Pool.map` and " +":meth:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool.map_async` functions. (Contributed by " +"Hynek Schlawack in :issue:`12708`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1561 +msgid "nntplib" +msgstr "nntplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1563 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!nntplib.NNTP` class now supports the context management " +"protocol to unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to " +"close the NNTP connection when done::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1567 +msgid "" +">>> from nntplib import NNTP\n" +">>> with NNTP('news.gmane.org') as n:\n" +"... n.group('gmane.comp.python.committers')\n" +"...\n" +"('211 1755 1 1755 gmane.comp.python.committers', 1755, 1, 1755, 'gmane.comp.python.committers')\n" +">>>" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1574 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`9795`.)" +msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`9795` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1578 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.pipe2` function that makes it " +"possible to create a pipe with :const:`~os.O_CLOEXEC` or " +":const:`~os.O_NONBLOCK` flags set atomically. This is especially useful to " +"avoid race conditions in multi-threaded programs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1585 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.sendfile` function which provides " +"an efficient \"zero-copy\" way for copying data from one file (or socket) " +"descriptor to another. The phrase \"zero-copy\" refers to the fact that all " +"of the copying of data between the two descriptors is done entirely by the " +"kernel, with no copying of data into userspace buffers. :func:`~os.sendfile`" +" can be used to efficiently copy data from a file on disk to a network " +"socket, e.g. for downloading a file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1593 +msgid "" +"(Patch submitted by Ross Lagerwall and Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`10882`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"To avoid race conditions like symlink attacks and issues with temporary " +"files and directories, it is more reliable (and also faster) to manipulate " +"file descriptors instead of file names. Python 3.3 enhances existing " +"functions and introduces new functions to work on file descriptors " +"(:issue:`4761`, :issue:`10755` and :issue:`14626`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1601 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.fwalk` function similar to " +":func:`~os.walk` except that it also yields file descriptors referring to " +"the directories visited. This is especially useful to avoid symlink races." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"The following functions get new optional *dir_fd* (:ref:`paths relative to " +"directory descriptors `) and/or *follow_symlinks* (:ref:`not " +"following symlinks `): :func:`~os.access`, " +":func:`~os.chflags`, :func:`~os.chmod`, :func:`~os.chown`, :func:`~os.link`," +" :func:`~os.lstat`, :func:`~os.mkdir`, :func:`~os.mkfifo`, " +":func:`~os.mknod`, :func:`~os.open`, :func:`~os.readlink`, " +":func:`~os.remove`, :func:`~os.rename`, :func:`~os.replace`, " +":func:`~os.rmdir`, :func:`~os.stat`, :func:`~os.symlink`, " +":func:`~os.unlink`, :func:`~os.utime`. Platform support for using these " +"parameters can be checked via the sets :data:`os.supports_dir_fd` and " +":data:`os.supports_follows_symlinks`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1616 +msgid "" +"The following functions now support a file descriptor for their path " +"argument: :func:`~os.chdir`, :func:`~os.chmod`, :func:`~os.chown`, " +":func:`~os.execve`, :func:`~os.listdir`, :func:`~os.pathconf`, " +":func:`~os.path.exists`, :func:`~os.stat`, :func:`~os.statvfs`, " +":func:`~os.utime`. Platform support for this can be checked via the " +":data:`os.supports_fd` set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1622 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.access` accepts an ``effective_ids`` keyword argument to turn on " +"using the effective uid/gid rather than the real uid/gid in the access " +"check. Platform support for this can be checked via the " +":data:`~os.supports_effective_ids` set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1627 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`os` module has two new functions: :func:`~os.getpriority` and " +":func:`~os.setpriority`. They can be used to get or set process " +"niceness/priority in a fashion similar to :func:`os.nice` but extended to " +"all processes instead of just the current one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1632 +msgid "(Patch submitted by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`10784`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1634 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`os.replace` function allows cross-platform renaming of a file" +" with overwriting the destination. With :func:`os.rename`, an existing " +"destination file is overwritten under POSIX, but raises an error under " +"Windows. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`8828`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1640 +msgid "" +"The stat family of functions (:func:`~os.stat`, :func:`~os.fstat`, and " +":func:`~os.lstat`) now support reading a file's timestamps with nanosecond " +"precision. Symmetrically, :func:`~os.utime` can now write file timestamps " +"with nanosecond precision. (Contributed by Larry Hastings in " +":issue:`14127`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1646 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`os.get_terminal_size` function queries the size of the " +"terminal attached to a file descriptor. See also " +":func:`shutil.get_terminal_size`. (Contributed by Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-" +"Szmek in :issue:`13609`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1653 +msgid "" +"New functions to support Linux extended attributes (:issue:`12720`): " +":func:`~os.getxattr`, :func:`~os.listxattr`, :func:`~os.removexattr`, " +":func:`~os.setxattr`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1657 +msgid "" +"New interface to the scheduler. These functions control how a process is " +"allocated CPU time by the operating system. New functions: " +":func:`~os.sched_get_priority_max`, :func:`~os.sched_get_priority_min`, " +":func:`~os.sched_getaffinity`, :func:`~os.sched_getparam`, " +":func:`~os.sched_getscheduler`, :func:`~os.sched_rr_get_interval`, " +":func:`~os.sched_setaffinity`, :func:`~os.sched_setparam`, " +":func:`~os.sched_setscheduler`, :func:`~os.sched_yield`," +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1666 +msgid "New functions to control the file system:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1668 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.posix_fadvise`: Announces an intention to access data in a " +"specific pattern thus allowing the kernel to make optimizations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1670 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.posix_fallocate`: Ensures that enough disk space is allocated for" +" a file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1672 +msgid ":func:`~os.sync`: Force write of everything to disk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1674 +msgid "Additional new posix functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1676 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.lockf`: Apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file " +"descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1677 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.pread`: Read from a file descriptor at an offset, the file offset" +" remains unchanged." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1679 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.pwrite`: Write to a file descriptor from an offset, leaving the " +"file offset unchanged." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1681 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.readv`: Read from a file descriptor into a number of writable " +"buffers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1682 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.truncate`: Truncate the file corresponding to *path*, so that it " +"is at most *length* bytes in size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1684 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.waitid`: Wait for the completion of one or more child processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1685 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.writev`: Write the contents of *buffers* to a file descriptor, " +"where *buffers* is an arbitrary sequence of buffers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1687 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.getgrouplist` (:issue:`9344`): Return list of group ids that " +"specified user belongs to." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1690 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.times` and :func:`~os.uname`: Return type changed from a tuple to" +" a tuple-like object with named attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1693 +msgid "" +"Some platforms now support additional constants for the :func:`~os.lseek` " +"function, such as ``os.SEEK_HOLE`` and ``os.SEEK_DATA``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1696 +msgid "" +"New constants :const:`~os.RTLD_LAZY`, :const:`~os.RTLD_NOW`, " +":const:`~os.RTLD_GLOBAL`, :const:`~os.RTLD_LOCAL`, " +":const:`~os.RTLD_NODELETE`, :const:`~os.RTLD_NOLOAD`, and " +":const:`~os.RTLD_DEEPBIND` are available on platforms that support them. " +"These are for use with the :func:`sys.setdlopenflags` function, and " +"supersede the similar constants defined in :mod:`ctypes` and :mod:`DLFCN`. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`13226`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1704 +msgid "" +":func:`os.symlink` now accepts (and ignores) the ``target_is_directory`` " +"keyword argument on non-Windows platforms, to ease cross-platform support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1709 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1711 +msgid "" +"Tab-completion is now available not only for command names, but also their " +"arguments. For example, for the ``break`` command, function and file names " +"are completed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1715 +msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl in :issue:`14210`)" +msgstr "（由 Georg Brandl 在 :issue:`14210` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1719 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1721 +msgid "" +":class:`pickle.Pickler` objects now have an optional " +":attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table` attribute allowing per-pickler " +"reduction functions to be set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1725 +msgid "(Contributed by Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`14166`.)" +msgstr "（由 Richard Oudkerk 在 :issue:`14166` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1729 +msgid "pydoc" +msgstr "pydoc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1731 +msgid "" +"The Tk GUI and the :func:`~pydoc.serve` function have been removed from the " +":mod:`pydoc` module: ``pydoc -g`` and :func:`~pydoc.serve` have been " +"deprecated in Python 3.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1737 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1739 +msgid ":class:`str` regular expressions now support ``\\u`` and ``\\U`` escapes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1741 +msgid "(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`3665`.)" +msgstr "（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`3665` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1745 +msgid "sched" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1747 +msgid "" +":meth:`~sched.scheduler.run` now accepts a *blocking* parameter which when " +"set to false makes the method execute the scheduled events due to expire " +"soonest (if any) and then return immediately. This is useful in case you " +"want to use the :class:`~sched.scheduler` in non-blocking applications. " +"(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`13449`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1753 +msgid "" +":class:`~sched.scheduler` class can now be safely used in multi-threaded " +"environments. (Contributed by Josiah Carlson and Giampaolo Rodolà in " +":issue:`8684`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1757 +msgid "" +"*timefunc* and *delayfunct* parameters of :class:`~sched.scheduler` class " +"constructor are now optional and defaults to :func:`time.time` and " +":func:`time.sleep` respectively. (Contributed by Chris Clark in " +":issue:`13245`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1762 +msgid "" +":meth:`~sched.scheduler.enter` and :meth:`~sched.scheduler.enterabs` " +"*argument* parameter is now optional. (Contributed by Chris Clark in " +":issue:`13245`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1766 +msgid "" +":meth:`~sched.scheduler.enter` and :meth:`~sched.scheduler.enterabs` now " +"accept a *kwargs* parameter. (Contributed by Chris Clark in " +":issue:`13245`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1772 +msgid "select" +msgstr "select" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1774 +msgid "" +"Solaris and derivative platforms have a new class :class:`select.devpoll` " +"for high performance asynchronous sockets via :file:`/dev/poll`. " +"(Contributed by Jesús Cea Avión in :issue:`6397`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1780 +msgid "shlex" +msgstr "shlex" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1782 +msgid "" +"The previously undocumented helper function ``quote`` from the :mod:`!pipes`" +" modules has been moved to the :mod:`shlex` module and documented. " +":func:`~shlex.quote` properly escapes all characters in a string that might " +"be otherwise given special meaning by the shell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1789 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1791 +msgid "New functions:" +msgstr "新的函数：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1793 +msgid "" +":func:`~shutil.disk_usage`: provides total, used and free disk space " +"statistics. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`12442`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1795 +msgid "" +":func:`~shutil.chown`: allows one to change user and/or group of the given " +"path also specifying the user/group names and not only their numeric ids. " +"(Contributed by Sandro Tosi in :issue:`12191`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1798 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.get_terminal_size`: returns the size of the terminal window to" +" which the interpreter is attached. (Contributed by Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-" +"Szmek in :issue:`13609`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1802 +msgid "" +":func:`~shutil.copy2` and :func:`~shutil.copystat` now preserve file " +"timestamps with nanosecond precision on platforms that support it. They also" +" preserve file \"extended attributes\" on Linux. (Contributed by Larry " +"Hastings in :issue:`14127` and :issue:`15238`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1807 +msgid "" +"Several functions now take an optional ``symlinks`` argument: when that " +"parameter is true, symlinks aren't dereferenced and the operation instead " +"acts on the symlink itself (or creates one, if relevant). (Contributed by " +"Hynek Schlawack in :issue:`12715`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1812 +msgid "" +"When copying files to a different file system, :func:`~shutil.move` now " +"handles symlinks the way the posix ``mv`` command does, recreating the " +"symlink rather than copying the target file contents. (Contributed by " +"Jonathan Niehof in :issue:`9993`.) :func:`~shutil.move` now also returns " +"the ``dst`` argument as its result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1818 +msgid "" +":func:`~shutil.rmtree` is now resistant to symlink attacks on platforms " +"which support the new ``dir_fd`` parameter in :func:`os.open` and " +":func:`os.unlink`. (Contributed by Martin von Löwis and Hynek Schlawack in " +":issue:`4489`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1825 +msgid "signal" +msgstr "signal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1827 +msgid "The :mod:`signal` module has new functions:" +msgstr ":mod:`signal` 模块新增的函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1829 +msgid "" +":func:`~signal.pthread_sigmask`: fetch and/or change the signal mask of the " +"calling thread (Contributed by Jean-Paul Calderone in :issue:`8407`);" +msgstr "" +":func:`~signal.pthread_sigmask`: 获取和/或改变调用方线程的信号掩码（由 Jean-Paul Calderone 在 " +":issue:`8407` 中贡献）；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1831 +msgid ":func:`~signal.pthread_kill`: send a signal to a thread;" +msgstr ":func:`~signal.pthread_kill`: 向指定线程发送信号；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1832 +msgid ":func:`~signal.sigpending`: examine pending functions;" +msgstr ":func:`~signal.sigpending`: 检查挂起的函数；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1833 +msgid ":func:`~signal.sigwait`: wait a signal;" +msgstr ":func:`~signal.sigwait`: 等待一个信号;" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1834 +msgid "" +":func:`~signal.sigwaitinfo`: wait for a signal, returning detailed " +"information about it;" +msgstr ":func:`~signal.sigwaitinfo`: 等待信号，返回相关的详细信息；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1836 +msgid "" +":func:`~signal.sigtimedwait`: like :func:`~signal.sigwaitinfo` but with a " +"timeout." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1839 +msgid "" +"The signal handler writes the signal number as a single byte instead of a " +"nul byte into the wakeup file descriptor. So it is possible to wait more " +"than one signal and know which signals were raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1843 +msgid "" +":func:`signal.signal` and :func:`signal.siginterrupt` raise an OSError, " +"instead of a RuntimeError: OSError has an errno attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1848 +msgid "smtpd" +msgstr "smtpd" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1850 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!smtpd` module now supports :rfc:`5321` (extended SMTP) and " +":rfc:`1870` (size extension). Per the standard, these extensions are " +"enabled if and only if the client initiates the session with an ``EHLO`` " +"command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1854 +msgid "" +"(Initial ``ELHO`` support by Alberto Trevino. Size extension by Juhana " +"Jauhiainen. Substantial additional work on the patch contributed by Michele" +" Orrù and Dan Boswell. :issue:`8739`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1860 +msgid "smtplib" +msgstr "smtplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~smtplib.SMTP`, :class:`~smtplib.SMTP_SSL`, and " +":class:`~smtplib.LMTP` classes now accept a ``source_address`` keyword " +"argument to specify the ``(host, port)`` to use as the source address in the" +" bind call when creating the outgoing socket. (Contributed by Paulo " +"Scardine in :issue:`11281`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1868 +msgid "" +":class:`~smtplib.SMTP` now supports the context management protocol, " +"allowing an ``SMTP`` instance to be used in a ``with`` statement. " +"(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`11289`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1872 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~smtplib.SMTP_SSL` constructor and the " +":meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.starttls` method now accept an SSLContext parameter to " +"control parameters of the secure channel. (Contributed by Kasun Herath in " +":issue:`8809`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1878 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1880 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~socket.socket` class now exposes additional methods to process " +"ancillary data when supported by the underlying platform:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1883 +msgid ":func:`~socket.socket.sendmsg`" +msgstr ":func:`~socket.socket.sendmsg`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1884 +msgid ":func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg`" +msgstr ":func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1885 +msgid ":func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg_into`" +msgstr ":func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg_into`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1887 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by David Watson in :issue:`6560`, based on an earlier patch by " +"Heiko Wundram)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1890 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_CAN protocol family " +"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux " +"(https://lwn.net/Articles/253425)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1894 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Matthias Fuchs, updated by Tiago Gonçalves in " +":issue:`10141`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1896 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_RDS protocol family " +"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Datagram_Sockets and " +"`https://oss.oracle.com/projects/rds " +"`__)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1900 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the ``PF_SYSTEM`` protocol " +"family on OS X. (Contributed by Michael Goderbauer in :issue:`13777`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1903 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~socket.sethostname` allows the hostname to be set on " +"Unix systems if the calling process has sufficient privileges. (Contributed " +"by Ross Lagerwall in :issue:`10866`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1909 +msgid "socketserver" +msgstr "socketserver" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1911 +msgid "" +":class:`~socketserver.BaseServer` now has an overridable method " +":meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.service_actions` that is called by the " +":meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.serve_forever` method in the service loop. " +":class:`~socketserver.ForkingMixIn` now uses this to clean up zombie child " +"processes. (Contributed by Justin Warkentin in :issue:`11109`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1919 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1921 +msgid "" +"New :class:`sqlite3.Connection` method " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback` can be used to capture a " +"trace of all sql commands processed by sqlite. (Contributed by Torsten " +"Landschoff in :issue:`11688`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1928 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1930 +msgid "The :mod:`ssl` module has two new random generation functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1932 +msgid "" +":func:`~ssl.RAND_bytes`: generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random " +"bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1934 +msgid ":func:`~ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes`: generate pseudo-random bytes." +msgstr ":func:`~ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes`: 生成伪随机字节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1936 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`12049`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`12049` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1938 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ssl` module now exposes a finer-grained exception hierarchy in " +"order to make it easier to inspect the various kinds of errors. (Contributed" +" by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`11183`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1942 +msgid "" +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` now accepts a *password* argument to" +" be used if the private key is encrypted. (Contributed by Adam Simpkins in " +":issue:`12803`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1946 +msgid "" +"Diffie-Hellman key exchange, both regular and Elliptic Curve-based, is now " +"supported through the :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_dh_params` and " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_ecdh_curve` methods. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou in :issue:`13626` and :issue:`13627`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1951 +msgid "" +"SSL sockets have a new :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.get_channel_binding` method " +"allowing the implementation of certain authentication mechanisms such as " +"SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS. (Contributed by Jacek Konieczny in :issue:`12551`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1955 +msgid "" +"You can query the SSL compression algorithm used by an SSL socket, thanks to" +" its new :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.compression` method. The new attribute " +":const:`~ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION` can be used to disable compression. " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13634`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1960 +msgid "" +"Support has been added for the Next Protocol Negotiation extension using the" +" :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` method. (Contributed by Colin Marc" +" in :issue:`14204`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1964 +msgid "" +"SSL errors can now be introspected more easily thanks to " +":attr:`~ssl.SSLError.library` and :attr:`~ssl.SSLError.reason` attributes. " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`14837`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~ssl.get_server_certificate` function now supports IPv6. " +"(Contributed by Charles-François Natali in :issue:`11811`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1971 +msgid "" +"New attribute :const:`~ssl.OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE` allows setting SSLv3" +" server sockets to use the server's cipher ordering preference rather than " +"the client's (:issue:`13635`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1977 +msgid "stat" +msgstr "stat" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1979 +msgid "" +"The undocumented tarfile.filemode function has been moved to " +":func:`stat.filemode`. It can be used to convert a file's mode to a string " +"of the form '-rwxrwxrwx'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1983 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`14807`.)" +msgstr "（由 Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`14807` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1987 +msgid "struct" +msgstr "struct" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1989 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`struct` module now supports :c:type:`ssize_t` and :c:type:`size_t`" +" via the new codes ``n`` and ``N``, respectively. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou in :issue:`3163`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1995 +msgid "subprocess" +msgstr "subprocess" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:1997 +msgid "" +"Command strings can now be bytes objects on posix platforms. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :issue:`8513`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2000 +msgid "" +"A new constant :const:`~subprocess.DEVNULL` allows suppressing output in a " +"platform-independent fashion. (Contributed by Ross Lagerwall in " +":issue:`5870`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2006 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sys` module has a new :data:`~sys.thread_info` :term:`named tuple`" +" holding information about the thread implementation (:issue:`11223`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2014 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2016 +msgid "" +":mod:`tarfile` now supports ``lzma`` encoding via the :mod:`lzma` module. " +"(Contributed by Lars Gustäbel in :issue:`5689`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2021 +msgid "tempfile" +msgstr "tempfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2023 +msgid "" +":class:`tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile`\\'s " +":meth:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile.truncate` method now accepts a " +"``size`` parameter. (Contributed by Ryan Kelly in :issue:`9957`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2029 +msgid "textwrap" +msgstr "textwrap" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2031 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`textwrap` module has a new :func:`~textwrap.indent` that makes it " +"straightforward to add a common prefix to selected lines in a block of text" +" (:issue:`13857`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2037 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2039 +msgid "" +":class:`threading.Condition`, :class:`threading.Semaphore`, " +":class:`threading.BoundedSemaphore`, :class:`threading.Event`, and " +":class:`threading.Timer`, all of which used to be factory functions " +"returning a class instance, are now classes and may be subclassed. " +"(Contributed by Éric Araujo in :issue:`10968`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2045 +msgid "" +"The :class:`threading.Thread` constructor now accepts a ``daemon`` keyword " +"argument to override the default behavior of inheriting the ``daemon`` flag " +"value from the parent thread (:issue:`6064`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2049 +msgid "" +"The formerly private function ``_thread.get_ident`` is now available as the " +"public function :func:`threading.get_ident`. This eliminates several cases " +"of direct access to the ``_thread`` module in the stdlib. Third party code " +"that used ``_thread.get_ident`` should likewise be changed to use the new " +"public interface." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2057 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2059 +msgid "The :pep:`418` added new functions to the :mod:`time` module:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2061 +msgid ":func:`~time.get_clock_info`: Get information on a clock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2062 +msgid "" +":func:`~time.monotonic`: Monotonic clock (cannot go backward), not affected " +"by system clock updates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2064 +msgid "" +":func:`~time.perf_counter`: Performance counter with the highest available " +"resolution to measure a short duration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2066 +msgid "" +":func:`~time.process_time`: Sum of the system and user CPU time of the " +"current process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2069 +msgid "Other new functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2071 +msgid "" +":func:`~time.clock_getres`, :func:`~time.clock_gettime` and " +":func:`~time.clock_settime` functions with :samp:`CLOCK_{xxx}` constants. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`10278`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2075 +msgid "" +"To improve cross platform consistency, :func:`~time.sleep` now raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` when passed a negative sleep value. Previously this was " +"an error on posix, but produced an infinite sleep on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2081 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2083 +msgid "" +"Add a new :class:`types.MappingProxyType` class: Read-only proxy of a " +"mapping. (:issue:`14386`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2087 +msgid "" +"The new functions :func:`types.new_class` and :func:`types.prepare_class` " +"provide support for :pep:`3115` compliant dynamic type creation. " +"(:issue:`14588`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2092 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2094 +msgid "" +":meth:`.assertRaises`, :meth:`.assertRaisesRegex`, :meth:`.assertWarns`, and" +" :meth:`.assertWarnsRegex` now accept a keyword argument *msg* when used as " +"context managers. (Contributed by Ezio Melotti and Winston Ewert in " +":issue:`10775`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2099 +msgid "" +":meth:`unittest.TestCase.run` now returns the :class:`~unittest.TestResult` " +"object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2104 +msgid "urllib" +msgstr "urllib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2106 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~urllib.request.Request` class, now accepts a *method* argument " +"used by :meth:`~urllib.request.Request.get_method` to determine what HTTP " +"method should be used. For example, this will send a ``'HEAD'`` request::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2110 +msgid ">>> urlopen(Request('https://www.python.org', method='HEAD'))" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2112 +msgid "(:issue:`1673007`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2116 +msgid "webbrowser" +msgstr "webbrowser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2118 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`webbrowser` module supports more \"browsers\": Google Chrome " +"(named :program:`chrome`, :program:`chromium`, :program:`chrome-browser` or " +":program:`chromium-browser` depending on the version and operating system), " +"and the generic launchers :program:`xdg-open`, from the FreeDesktop.org " +"project, and :program:`gvfs-open`, which is the default URI handler for " +"GNOME 3. (The former contributed by Arnaud Calmettes in :issue:`13620`, the" +" latter by Matthias Klose in :issue:`14493`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2128 +msgid "xml.etree.ElementTree" +msgstr "xml.etree.ElementTree" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2130 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module now imports its C accelerator by " +"default; there is no longer a need to explicitly import " +":mod:`xml.etree.cElementTree` (this module stays for backwards " +"compatibility, but is now deprecated). In addition, the ``iter`` family of" +" methods of :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` has been optimized " +"(rewritten in C). The module's documentation has also been greatly improved " +"with added examples and a more detailed reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2140 +msgid "zlib" +msgstr "zlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2142 +msgid "" +"New attribute :attr:`zlib.Decompress.eof` makes it possible to distinguish " +"between a properly formed compressed stream and an incomplete or truncated " +"one. (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda in :issue:`12646`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2146 +msgid "" +"New attribute :const:`zlib.ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION` reports the version string " +"of the underlying ``zlib`` library that is loaded at runtime. (Contributed " +"by Torsten Landschoff in :issue:`12306`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2152 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2154 +msgid "Major performance enhancements have been added:" +msgstr "已增加的主要性能改善:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2156 +msgid "" +"Thanks to :pep:`393`, some operations on Unicode strings have been " +"optimized:" +msgstr "得益于:pep:`393` ，Unicode 字符串的某些操作已得到优化：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2158 +msgid "the memory footprint is divided by 2 to 4 depending on the text" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2159 +msgid "" +"encode an ASCII string to UTF-8 doesn't need to encode characters anymore, " +"the UTF-8 representation is shared with the ASCII representation" +msgstr "将 ASCII 字符串编码为 UTF-8 不再需要对字符进行编码，UTF-8 的表示法与 ASCII 的表示法是共享的" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2161 +msgid "the UTF-8 encoder has been optimized" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2162 +msgid "" +"repeating a single ASCII letter and getting a substring of an ASCII string " +"is 4 times faster" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2165 +msgid "" +"UTF-8 is now 2x to 4x faster. UTF-16 encoding is now up to 10x faster." +msgstr "UTF-8 编码现在快 2 到 4 倍。 UTF-16 编码的速度现在提高了 10 倍。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka, :issue:`14624`, :issue:`14738` and " +":issue:`15026`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`14624`, :issue:`14738` 和 :issue:`15026` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2172 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2174 +msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" +msgstr "针对 Python 构建过程和 C API 的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2176 +msgid "New :pep:`3118` related function:" +msgstr "新的 :pep:`3118` 相关功能：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2178 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromMemory`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromMemory`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2180 +msgid ":pep:`393` added new Unicode types, macros and functions:" +msgstr ":pep:`393` 添加了新的 Unicode 类型，宏和函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2182 +msgid "High-level API:" +msgstr "高阶 API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2184 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2185 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2186 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2187 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_New`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_New`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2188 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2189 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_ReadChar`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_WriteChar`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_ReadChar`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_WriteChar`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2191 +msgid "Low-level API:" +msgstr "低阶 API:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2193 +msgid ":c:type:`Py_UCS1`, :c:type:`Py_UCS2`, :c:type:`Py_UCS4` types" +msgstr ":c:type:`Py_UCS1`, :c:type:`Py_UCS2`, :c:type:`Py_UCS4` 类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2194 +msgid "" +":c:type:`PyASCIIObject` and :c:type:`PyCompactUnicodeObject` structures" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyASCIIObject` 和 :c:type:`PyCompactUnicodeObject` 结构" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2195 +msgid ":c:macro:`PyUnicode_READY`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`PyUnicode_READY`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2196 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromKindAndData`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromKindAndData`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2197 +msgid ":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2198 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_DATA`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA`, " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA`" +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_DATA`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA`, " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2200 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_KIND` with :c:enum:`PyUnicode_Kind` enum: " +":c:data:`!PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`, :c:data:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND`, " +":c:data:`PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND`, :c:data:`PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2203 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ_CHAR`, " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_WRITE`" +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ_CHAR`, " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_WRITE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2204 +msgid ":c:macro:`PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2206 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`PyArg_ParseTuple` now accepts a :class:`bytearray` for the ``c`` " +"format (:issue:`12380`)." +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 现在接受 ``c`` 格式的 :class:`bytearray` " +"(:issue:`12380`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2212 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2215 +msgid "Unsupported Operating Systems" +msgstr "不支持的操作系统" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2217 +msgid "OS/2 and VMS are no longer supported due to the lack of a maintainer." +msgstr "由于缺少维护人员，不再支持 OS/2 和 VMS 系统 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"Windows 2000 and Windows platforms which set ``COMSPEC`` to ``command.com`` " +"are no longer supported due to maintenance burden." +msgstr "" +"由于维护负担，将 ``COMSPEC`` 设置为 ``command.com`` 的 Windows平台（含Windows 2000）不再受支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2222 +msgid "OSF support, which was deprecated in 3.2, has been completely removed." +msgstr "OSF支持在3.2中被弃用，现在已经被完全删除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2226 +msgid "Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods" +msgstr "已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2228 +msgid "" +"Passing a non-empty string to ``object.__format__()`` is deprecated, and " +"will produce a :exc:`TypeError` in Python 3.4 (:issue:`9856`)." +msgstr "" +"向 ``object.__format__()`` 传递非空字符串的做法已被弃用，在 Python 3.4 中会产生一个 " +":exc:`TypeError` (:issue:`9856`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2230 +msgid "" +"The ``unicode_internal`` codec has been deprecated because of the " +":pep:`393`, use UTF-8, UTF-16 (``utf-16-le`` or ``utf-16-be``), or UTF-32 " +"(``utf-32-le`` or ``utf-32-be``)" +msgstr "" +"由于:pep:`393`，``unicode_internal`` 编解码器已被弃用 。请使用 UTF-8、UTF-16 (``utf-16-le`` " +"或``utf-16-be``) 或 UTF-32 (``utf-32-le`` 或``utf-32-be``)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2233 +msgid "" +":meth:`ftplib.FTP.nlst` and :meth:`ftplib.FTP.dir`: use " +":meth:`ftplib.FTP.mlsd`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2235 +msgid "" +":func:`platform.popen`: use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check especially " +"the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section (:issue:`11377`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2237 +msgid "" +":issue:`13374`: The Windows bytes API has been deprecated in the :mod:`os` " +"module. Use Unicode filenames, instead of bytes filenames, to not depend on " +"the ANSI code page anymore and to support any filename." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2240 +msgid "" +":issue:`13988`: The :mod:`xml.etree.cElementTree` module is deprecated. The" +" accelerator is used automatically whenever available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2242 +msgid "" +"The behaviour of :func:`time.clock` depends on the platform: use the new " +":func:`time.perf_counter` or :func:`time.process_time` function instead, " +"depending on your requirements, to have a well defined behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2245 +msgid "The :func:`os.stat_float_times` function is deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2246 +msgid ":mod:`abc` module:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2255 +msgid ":mod:`importlib` package:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2257 +msgid "" +":meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.path_mtime` is now deprecated in favour of" +" :meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.path_stats` as bytecode files now store " +"both the modification time and size of the source file the bytecode file was" +" compiled from." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2267 +msgid "Deprecated functions and types of the C API" +msgstr "已弃用的 C API 函数和类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2269 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` has been deprecated by :pep:`393` and will be " +"removed in Python 4. All functions using this type are deprecated:" +msgstr "" +":c:type:`Py_UNICODE` 已经在 :pep:`393` 弃用，并将于 Python 4 中移除。所有使用此类型的函数都已弃用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2272 +msgid "" +"Unicode functions and methods using :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` and " +":c:expr:`Py_UNICODE*` types:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2275 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromWideChar` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromKindAndData`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2277 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicode`, " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize`: use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2279 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_AS_DATA`: use :c:macro:`PyUnicode_DATA` with " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ` and :c:macro:`PyUnicode_WRITE`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2281 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_GET_SIZE`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetSize`: use " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH` or :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2283 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE`: use ``PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str) * " +"PyUnicode_KIND(str)`` (only work on ready strings)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2286 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeCopy`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2288 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GetMax`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2291 +msgid "Functions and macros manipulating Py_UNICODE* strings:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2293 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strlen()`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength` or " +":c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2295 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strcat()`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2297 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strcpy()`, :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strncpy()`, " +":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_COPY()`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2300 +msgid ":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strcmp()`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Compare`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2301 +msgid ":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strncmp()`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Tailmatch`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2302 +msgid "" +":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strchr()`, :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strrchr()`: use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar`" +msgstr "" +":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strchr()`, :c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_strrchr()`: 使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2304 +msgid ":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_FILL()`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Fill`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_FILL()`: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_Fill`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2305 +msgid ":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_MATCH`" +msgstr ":c:macro:`!Py_UNICODE_MATCH`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2307 +msgid "Encoders:" +msgstr "编码器:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2309 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_Encode`: use :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_Encode`: 使用 :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2310 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2311 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8String`" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8`: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` 或 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8String`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2313 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2314 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2315 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape` use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString`" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape` 使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2317 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape` use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString`" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape` 使用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2319 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsLatin1String`" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1`: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsLatin1String`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2320 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeASCII`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsASCIIString`" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeASCII`: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsASCIIString`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2321 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2322 +msgid ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2323 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsMBCSString` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage` (with ``CP_ACP`` code_page)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS`: 使用 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsMBCSString` 或 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage` (附带 ``CP_ACP`` code_page)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2325 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal`, " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2330 +msgid "Deprecated features" +msgstr "弃用的功能" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2332 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`array` module's ``'u'`` format code is now deprecated and will be " +"removed in Python 4 together with the rest of the (:c:type:`Py_UNICODE`) " +"API." +msgstr "" +":mod:`array` 模块的``'u'`` 格式代码现已弃用，将在 Python 4 中与 (:c:type:`Py_UNICODE`) API " +"的其他部分一起删除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2337 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.3" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2339 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2345 +msgid "Porting Python code" +msgstr "移植 Python 代码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2347 +msgid "" +"Hash randomization is enabled by default. Set the :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` " +"environment variable to ``0`` to disable hash randomization. See also the " +":meth:`object.__hash__` method." +msgstr "" +"默认启用哈希随机化。 将 :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` 环境变量设为 ``0`` 可禁用哈希随机化。 另请参阅 " +":meth:`object.__hash__` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2351 +msgid "" +":issue:`12326`: On Linux, sys.platform doesn't contain the major version " +"anymore. It is now always 'linux', instead of 'linux2' or 'linux3' depending" +" on the Linux version used to build Python. Replace sys.platform == 'linux2'" +" with sys.platform.startswith('linux'), or directly sys.platform == 'linux' " +"if you don't need to support older Python versions." +msgstr "" +":issue:`12326`: 在 Linux 上，sys.platform 不再包含主要版本。现在它始终是 \"linux\"，而不是 " +"\"linux2\" 或 \"linux3\"，这取决于用于构建 Python 的 Linux 版本。请用 " +"sys.platform.startswith('linux') 替换 sys.platform == 'linux2'，如果不需要支持较旧的 " +"Python 版本，则可直接替换成 sys.platform == 'linux'。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2357 +msgid "" +":issue:`13847`, :issue:`14180`: :mod:`time` and :mod:`datetime`: " +":exc:`OverflowError` is now raised instead of :exc:`ValueError` if a " +"timestamp is out of range. :exc:`OSError` is now raised if C functions " +":c:func:`gmtime` or :c:func:`localtime` failed." +msgstr "" +":issue:`13847`, :issue:`14180`: :mod:`time` 和 :mod:`datetime`: " +"现在如果时间戳超出范围将会引发 :exc:`OverflowError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError`。 现在如果 C 函数 " +":c:func:`gmtime` 或 :c:func:`localtime` 失败 将会引发 :exc:`OSError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2362 +msgid "" +"The default finders used by import now utilize a cache of what is contained " +"within a specific directory. If you create a Python source file or " +"sourceless bytecode file, make sure to call " +":func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` to clear out the cache for the finders " +"to notice the new file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2367 +msgid "" +":exc:`ImportError` now uses the full name of the module that was attempted " +"to be imported. Doctests that check ImportErrors' message will need to be " +"updated to use the full name of the module instead of just the tail of the " +"name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2372 +msgid "" +"The *index* argument to :func:`__import__` now defaults to 0 instead of -1 " +"and no longer support negative values. It was an oversight when :pep:`328` " +"was implemented that the default value remained -1. If you need to continue " +"to perform a relative import followed by an absolute import, then perform " +"the relative import using an index of 1, followed by another import using an" +" index of 0. It is preferred, though, that you use " +":func:`importlib.import_module` rather than call :func:`__import__` " +"directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2380 +msgid "" +":func:`__import__` no longer allows one to use an index value other than 0 " +"for top-level modules. E.g. ``__import__('sys', level=1)`` is now an error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2383 +msgid "" +"Because :data:`sys.meta_path` and :data:`sys.path_hooks` now have finders on" +" them by default, you will most likely want to use :meth:`list.insert` " +"instead of :meth:`list.append` to add to those lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2387 +msgid "" +"Because ``None`` is now inserted into :data:`sys.path_importer_cache`, if " +"you are clearing out entries in the dictionary of paths that do not have a " +"finder, you will need to remove keys paired with values of ``None`` **and** " +":class:`!imp.NullImporter` to be backwards-compatible. This will lead to " +"extra overhead on older versions of Python that re-insert ``None`` into " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` where it represents the use of implicit " +"finders, but semantically it should not change anything." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2395 +msgid "" +":class:`!importlib.abc.Finder` no longer specifies a ``find_module()`` " +"abstract method that must be implemented. If you were relying on subclasses " +"to implement that method, make sure to check for the method's existence " +"first. You will probably want to check for ``find_loader()`` first, though, " +"in the case of working with :term:`path entry finders `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2401 +msgid "" +":mod:`pkgutil` has been converted to use :mod:`importlib` internally. This " +"eliminates many edge cases where the old behaviour of the :pep:`302` import " +"emulation failed to match the behaviour of the real import system. The " +"import emulation itself is still present, but is now deprecated. The " +":func:`pkgutil.iter_importers` and :func:`pkgutil.walk_packages` functions " +"special case the standard import hooks so they are still supported even " +"though they do not provide the non-standard ``iter_modules()`` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2409 +msgid "" +"A longstanding RFC-compliance bug (:issue:`1079`) in the parsing done by " +":func:`email.header.decode_header` has been fixed. Code that uses the " +"standard idiom to convert encoded headers into unicode " +"(``str(make_header(decode_header(h))``) will see no change, but code that " +"looks at the individual tuples returned by decode_header will see that " +"whitespace that precedes or follows ``ASCII`` sections is now included in " +"the ``ASCII`` section. Code that builds headers using ``make_header`` " +"should also continue to work without change, since ``make_header`` continues" +" to add whitespace between ``ASCII`` and non-``ASCII`` sections if it is not" +" already present in the input strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2420 +msgid "" +":func:`email.utils.formataddr` now does the correct content transfer " +"encoding when passed non-``ASCII`` display names. Any code that depended on" +" the previous buggy behavior that preserved the non-``ASCII`` unicode in the" +" formatted output string will need to be changed (:issue:`1690608`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2425 +msgid "" +":meth:`poplib.POP3.quit` may now raise protocol errors like all other " +"``poplib`` methods. Code that assumes ``quit`` does not raise " +":exc:`poplib.error_proto` errors may need to be changed if errors on " +"``quit`` are encountered by a particular application (:issue:`11291`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2430 +msgid "" +"The ``strict`` argument to :class:`email.parser.Parser`, deprecated since " +"Python 2.4, has finally been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2433 +msgid "" +"The deprecated method ``unittest.TestCase.assertSameElements`` has been " +"removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2436 +msgid "The deprecated variable ``time.accept2dyear`` has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2438 +msgid "" +"The deprecated ``Context._clamp`` attribute has been removed from the " +":mod:`decimal` module. It was previously replaced by the public attribute " +":attr:`~decimal.Context.clamp`. (See :issue:`8540`.)" +msgstr "" +"被弃用的 ``Context._clamp`` 属性已从 :mod:`decimal` 模块中移除。 在此之前它已被公有属性 " +":attr:`~decimal.Context.clamp` 取代。 （参见 :issue:`8540`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2442 +msgid "" +"The undocumented internal helper class ``SSLFakeFile`` has been removed from" +" :mod:`smtplib`, since its functionality has long been provided directly by " +":meth:`socket.socket.makefile`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2446 +msgid "" +"Passing a negative value to :func:`time.sleep` on Windows now raises an " +"error instead of sleeping forever. It has always raised an error on posix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2449 +msgid "" +"The ``ast.__version__`` constant has been removed. If you need to make " +"decisions affected by the AST version, use :data:`sys.version_info` to make " +"the decision." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2453 +msgid "" +"Code that used to work around the fact that the :mod:`threading` module used" +" factory functions by subclassing the private classes will need to change to" +" subclass the now-public classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2457 +msgid "" +"The undocumented debugging machinery in the threading module has been " +"removed, simplifying the code. This should have no effect on production " +"code, but is mentioned here in case any application debug frameworks were " +"interacting with it (:issue:`13550`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2464 +msgid "Porting C code" +msgstr "移植 C 代码" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2466 +msgid "" +"In the course of changes to the buffer API the undocumented " +":c:member:`!smalltable` member of the :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure has been" +" removed and the layout of the :c:type:`PyMemoryViewObject` has changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2471 +msgid "" +"All extensions relying on the relevant parts in ``memoryobject.h`` or " +"``object.h`` must be rebuilt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2474 +msgid "" +"Due to :ref:`PEP 393 `, the :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and all " +"functions using this type are deprecated (but will stay available for at " +"least five years). If you were using low-level Unicode APIs to construct " +"and access unicode objects and you want to benefit of the memory footprint " +"reduction provided by :pep:`393`, you have to convert your code to the new " +":doc:`Unicode API <../c-api/unicode>`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2481 +msgid "" +"However, if you only have been using high-level functions such as " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_Concat()`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_Join` or " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat()`, your code will automatically take " +"advantage of the new unicode representations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2486 +msgid ":c:func:`PyImport_GetMagicNumber` now returns ``-1`` upon failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2488 +msgid "" +"As a negative value for the *level* argument to :func:`__import__` is no " +"longer valid, the same now holds for :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleLevel`. " +"This also means that the value of *level* used by " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleEx` is now ``0`` instead of ``-1``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2495 +msgid "Building C extensions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2497 +msgid "" +"The range of possible file names for C extensions has been narrowed. Very " +"rarely used spellings have been suppressed: under POSIX, files named " +"``xxxmodule.so``, ``xxxmodule.abi3.so`` and ``xxxmodule.cpython-*.so`` are " +"no longer recognized as implementing the ``xxx`` module. If you had been " +"generating such files, you have to switch to the other spellings (i.e., " +"remove the ``module`` string from the file names)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2505 +msgid "(implemented in :issue:`14040`.)" +msgstr "（在 :issue:`14040` 中实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2509 +msgid "Command Line Switch Changes" +msgstr "命令行开关的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2511 +msgid "" +"The -Q command-line flag and related artifacts have been removed. Code " +"checking sys.flags.division_warning will need updating." +msgstr "删除了 -Q命令-line旗标 和相关工具。 检查 sys.flags.division_warning 的代码需要更新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2514 +msgid "(:issue:`10998`, contributed by Éric Araujo.)" +msgstr "（:issue:`10998`，由 Éric Araujo 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2516 +msgid "" +"When :program:`python` is started with :option:`-S`, ``import site`` will no" +" longer add site-specific paths to the module search paths. In previous " +"versions, it did." +msgstr "" +"当 :program:`python` 附带 :option:`-S` 启动时，``import site`` 将不再向模块搜索路径添加 site " +"专属路径。 在之前版本中则会这样做。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:2520 +msgid "" +"(:issue:`11591`, contributed by Carl Meyer with editions by Éric Araujo.)" +msgstr "（由 Carl Meyer 在 :issue:`11591` 中贡献并由 Éric Araujo 进行修改。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:396 +msgid "yield" +msgstr "yield" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.3.rst:396 +msgid "yield from (in What's New)" +msgstr "yield from (in What's New)" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.4.po b/whatsnew/3.4.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..deb26b763 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.4.po @@ -0,0 +1,4666 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# ww song , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# zeroswan , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.4" +msgstr "Python 3.4 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:0 +msgid "Author" +msgstr "作者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:5 +msgid "R. David Murray (Editor)" +msgstr "R. David Murray (Editor)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:63 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.4, compared to 3.3. " +"Python 3.4 was released on March 16, 2014. For full details, see the " +"`changelog `_." +msgstr "" +"这篇文章介绍了 Python 3.4 相比 3.3 增加的新特性。 Python 3.4 发布于 2014 年 3 月 16 日。 " +"对于完整的细节，请参见 `更新日志 `_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:70 +msgid ":pep:`429` -- Python 3.4 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`429` -- Python 3.4 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:75 +msgid "Summary -- Release Highlights" +msgstr "摘要 - 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:80 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:82 +msgid "No new syntax features were added in Python 3.4." +msgstr "Python 3.4 中没有增加新的语法特性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:84 +msgid "Other new features:" +msgstr "其他的新特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:86 +msgid ":ref:`pip should always be available ` (:pep:`453`)." +msgstr ":ref:`pip 能够随时可用 ` (:pep:`453`)." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:87 +msgid "" +":ref:`Newly created file descriptors are non-inheritable `" +" (:pep:`446`)." +msgstr ":ref:`新创建的文件描述符是不可继承的 ` (:pep:`446`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:89 +msgid "" +"command line option for :ref:`isolated mode ` " +"(:issue:`16499`)." +msgstr "对应 :ref:`隔离模式 ` 的命令行选项 (:issue:`16499`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:91 +msgid "" +":ref:`improvements in the handling of codecs ` " +"that are not text encodings (multiple issues)." +msgstr "针对非文本编码格式的 :ref:`编解码器处理方式的改进 ` (多个相关问题)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:93 +msgid "" +":ref:`A ModuleSpec Type ` for the Import System " +"(:pep:`451`). (Affects importer authors.)" +msgstr "" +"针对导入系统的 :ref:`ModuleSpec 类型 ` (:pep:`451`)。 （将影响导入器的作者。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`marshal` format has been made :ref:`more compact and efficient " +"` (:issue:`16475`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`marshal` 格式已被改进为 :ref:`更为紧凑与高效 ` (:issue:`16475`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:98 +msgid "New library modules:" +msgstr "新的库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:100 +msgid "" +":mod:`asyncio`: :ref:`New provisional API for asynchronous IO ` (:pep:`3156`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio`: :ref:`针对异步 IO 的新版暂定 API ` (:pep:`3156`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:102 +msgid "" +":mod:`ensurepip`: :ref:`Bootstrapping the pip installer ` (:pep:`453`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ensurepip`: :ref:`引导设置 pip 安装器 ` (:pep:`453`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:104 +msgid "" +":mod:`enum`: :ref:`Support for enumeration types ` " +"(:pep:`435`)." +msgstr ":mod:`enum`: :ref:`对枚举类型的支持 ` (:pep:`435`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:106 +msgid "" +":mod:`pathlib`: :ref:`Object-oriented filesystem paths ` " +"(:pep:`428`)." +msgstr ":mod:`pathlib`: :ref:`面向对象的文件系统路径 ` (:pep:`428`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:108 +msgid "" +":mod:`selectors`: :ref:`High-level and efficient I/O multiplexing `, built upon the :mod:`select` module primitives (part of " +":pep:`3156`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`selectors`: :ref:`高层级且高效率的 I/O 复用 `，在 " +":mod:`select` 模块的基础之上建立（为 :pep:`3156` 的组成部分）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:111 +msgid "" +":mod:`statistics`: A basic :ref:`numerically stable statistics library " +"` (:pep:`450`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`statistics`: 基础 :ref:`数字领域稳定统计库 ` (:pep:`450`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:113 +msgid "" +":mod:`tracemalloc`: :ref:`Trace Python memory allocations ` (:pep:`454`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tracemalloc`: :ref:`追踪 Python 内存分配 ` " +"(:pep:`454`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:116 +msgid "Significantly improved library modules:" +msgstr "显著改进的库模块:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:118 +msgid "" +":ref:`Single-dispatch generic functions ` in " +":mod:`functools` (:pep:`443`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`functools` 中的 :ref:`单一调度泛型函数 ` (:pep:`443`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:120 +msgid "" +"New :mod:`pickle` :ref:`protocol 4 ` (:pep:`3154`)." +msgstr "新的 :mod:`pickle` :ref:`协议 4 ` (:pep:`3154`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:121 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing` now has :ref:`an option to avoid using os.fork on " +"Unix ` (:issue:`8713`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`multiprocessing` 现在包含 :ref:`一个避免在 Unix 上使用 os.fork 的选项 ` (:issue:`8713`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:123 +msgid "" +":mod:`email` has a new submodule, :mod:`~email.contentmanager`, and a new " +":mod:`~email.message.Message` subclass " +"(:class:`~email.contentmanager.EmailMessage`) that :ref:`simplify MIME " +"handling ` (:issue:`18891`)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`email` 增加新的子模块 :mod:`~email.contentmanager` 和新的子类型 " +":mod:`~email.message.Message` (:class:`~email.contentmanager.EmailMessage`) " +"用以 :ref:`简化 MIME 处理 ` (:issue:`18891`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:127 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`inspect` and :mod:`pydoc` modules are now capable of correct " +"introspection of a much wider variety of callable objects, which improves " +"the output of the Python :func:`help` system." +msgstr "" +":mod:`inspect` 和 :mod:`pydoc` 模块现在能够自省更多种类的可调用对象，这改进了 Python :func:`help` " +"系统的输出。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:130 +msgid "The :mod:`ipaddress` module API has been declared stable" +msgstr ":mod:`ipaddress` 模块 API 已被声明为稳定状态" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:132 +msgid "Security improvements:" +msgstr "安全改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:134 +msgid "" +":ref:`Secure and interchangeable hash algorithm ` " +"(:pep:`456`)." +msgstr ":ref:`安全且可互换的哈希算法 ` (:pep:`456`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:136 +msgid "" +":ref:`Make newly created file descriptors non-inheritable ` (:pep:`446`) to avoid leaking file descriptors to child processes." +msgstr "" +":ref:`将新创建的文件描述符设为不可继承 ` (:pep:`446`) 以避免将文件描述符泄露给子进程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:138 +msgid "" +"New command line option for :ref:`isolated mode `, " +"(:issue:`16499`)." +msgstr "新增对应 :ref:`隔离模式 ` 的命令行选项。 (:issue:`16499`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:140 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing` now has :ref:`an option to avoid using os.fork on " +"Unix `. *spawn* and *forkserver* are more" +" secure because they avoid sharing data with child processes." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`multiprocessing` 具有 :ref:`一个在 Unix 上避免使用 os.fork 的选项 `。 *spawn* 和 *forkserver* 更为安全因为它们会避免与子进程共享数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:143 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing` child processes on Windows no longer inherit all of " +"the parent's inheritable handles, only the necessary ones." +msgstr "在 Windows 上 :mod:`multiprocessing` 子进程将不再继承父进程的所有可继承句柄，而仅继承必需的几个。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:145 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-" +"based key derivation function 2 `_." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` 函数可提供 `PKCS#5 基于口令的密钥派生函数 2 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:148 +msgid "" +":ref:`TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 support ` for :mod:`ssl`." +msgstr "在 :mod:`ssl` 中对于 :ref:`TLSv1.1 和 TLSv1.2 的支持 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:149 +msgid "" +":ref:`Retrieving certificates from the Windows system cert store support " +"` for :mod:`ssl`." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`ssl` 中对于 :ref:`从 Windows 系统证书库获取证书的支持 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:151 +msgid "" +":ref:`Server-side SNI (Server Name Indication) support ` for" +" :mod:`ssl`." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`ssl` 中对于 :ref:`服务端 SNI (Server Name Indication) 的支持 " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:153 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class has a :ref:`lot of improvements " +"`." +msgstr ":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 类具有 :ref:`大量改进 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:155 +msgid "" +"All modules in the standard library that support SSL now support server " +"certificate verification, including hostname matching " +"(:func:`ssl.match_hostname`) and CRLs (Certificate Revocation lists, see " +":func:`ssl.SSLContext.load_verify_locations`)." +msgstr "" +"标准库中所有支持 SSL 的模块现在都支持服务器证书验证，包括主机名匹配 (:func:`ssl.match_hostname`) 和 CRL " +"(Certificate Revocation Lists，参见 " +":func:`ssl.SSLContext.load_verify_locations`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:160 +msgid "CPython implementation improvements:" +msgstr "CPython 实现的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:162 +msgid ":ref:`Safe object finalization ` (:pep:`442`)." +msgstr ":ref:`安全的对象最终化 ` (:pep:`442`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:163 +msgid "" +"Leveraging :pep:`442`, in most cases :ref:`module globals are no longer set " +"to None during finalization ` (:issue:`18214`)." +msgstr "" +"通过应用 :pep:`442`，在大多数情况下 :ref:`模块的 globals 在最终化期间将不再被设为 None ` (:issue:`18214`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:165 +msgid ":ref:`Configurable memory allocators ` (:pep:`445`)." +msgstr ":ref:`可配置的内存分配器 ` (:pep:`445`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:166 +msgid ":ref:`Argument Clinic ` (:pep:`436`)." +msgstr ":ref:`Argument Clinic ` (:pep:`436`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:168 +msgid "" +"Please read on for a comprehensive list of user-facing changes, including " +"many other smaller improvements, CPython optimizations, deprecations, and " +"potential porting issues." +msgstr "请继续阅读有关针对用户的改变的完整清单，包括许多其他较小的改进、CPython 优化、弃用以及潜在的移植问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:175 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:180 +msgid "PEP 453: Explicit Bootstrapping of PIP in Python Installations" +msgstr "PEP 453: 在 Python 安装版中对 PIP 的显式初始设置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:183 +msgid "Bootstrapping pip By Default" +msgstr "默认对 pip 进行初始设置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:185 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`ensurepip` module (defined in :pep:`453`) provides a standard " +"cross-platform mechanism to bootstrap the pip installer into Python " +"installations and virtual environments. The version of ``pip`` included with" +" Python 3.4.0 is ``pip`` 1.5.4, and future 3.4.x maintenance releases will " +"update the bundled version to the latest version of ``pip`` that is " +"available at the time of creating the release candidate." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`ensurepip` 模块（在 :pep:`453` 中定义）提供了一个在 Python 安装版和虚拟环境中初始设置 pip " +"安装器的标准跨平台机制。 包括在 Python 3.4.0 中的 ``pip`` 版本是 ``pip`` 1.5.4，未来的 3.4.x " +"维护发布版会将附带版本升级为创建候选发布版时的 ``pip`` 最新版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:192 +msgid "" +"By default, the commands ``pipX`` and ``pipX.Y`` will be installed on all " +"platforms (where X.Y stands for the version of the Python installation), " +"along with the ``pip`` Python package and its dependencies. On Windows and " +"in virtual environments on all platforms, the unversioned ``pip`` command " +"will also be installed. On other platforms, the system wide unversioned " +"``pip`` command typically refers to the separately installed Python 2 " +"version." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下，将在所有平台上安装 ``pipX`` 和 ``pipX.Y`` 等命令（其中 X.Y 表示 Python 安装包的版本），并包括 " +"``pip`` Python 包及其依赖。 在 Windows 中以及所有平台的虚拟环境中，还将安装不带版本号的 ``pip`` 命令。 " +"在其他平台中，系统层级上不带版本号的 ``pip`` 命令通常是指向单独安装的 Python 2 版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:200 +msgid "" +"The ``pyvenv`` command line utility and the :mod:`venv` module make use of " +"the :mod:`ensurepip` module to make ``pip`` readily available in virtual " +"environments. When using the command line utility, ``pip`` is installed by " +"default, while when using the :mod:`venv` module :ref:`venv-api` " +"installation of ``pip`` must be requested explicitly." +msgstr "" +"``pyvenv`` 命令行工具和 :mod:`venv` 模块可利用 :mod:`ensurepip` 模块在虚拟环境中准备好 ``pip``。 " +"当使用命令行工具时，会默认安装 ``pip``，而当使用 :mod:`venv` 模块的 :ref:`venv-api` 安装版时必须显式地安装 " +"``pip``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:206 +msgid "" +"For CPython :ref:`source builds on POSIX systems `," +" the ``make install`` and ``make altinstall`` commands bootstrap ``pip`` by " +"default. This behaviour can be controlled through configure options, and " +"overridden through Makefile options." +msgstr "" +"对于 CPython :ref:`在 POSIX 系统上的源代码编译版 `，``make " +"install`` 和 ``make altinstall`` 命令默认会初始设置 ``pip``。 此行为可通过配置选项来控制，并通过 " +"Makefile 选项来重写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:211 +msgid "" +"On Windows and Mac OS X, the CPython installers now default to installing " +"``pip`` along with CPython itself (users may opt out of installing it during" +" the installation process). Window users will need to opt in to the " +"automatic ``PATH`` modifications to have ``pip`` available from the command " +"line by default, otherwise it can still be accessed through the Python " +"launcher for Windows as ``py -m pip``." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 和 Mac OS X 上，现在 CPython 安装程序默认会将 ``pip`` 与 CPython " +"本身一同安装（用户可以在安装过程中选择不安装它）。 Window 用户需要选择执行 ``PATH`` 修改以使 ``pip`` " +"在命令行中默认可用，在其他情况下它仍然可以通过 Windows 版 Python 启动器以 ``py -m pip`` 的方式使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:218 +msgid "" +"As :pep:`discussed in the PEP <0453#recommendations-for-downstream-" +"distributors>` platform packagers may choose not to install these commands " +"by default, as long as, when invoked, they provide clear and simple " +"directions on how to install them on that platform (usually using the system" +" package manager)." +msgstr "" +"正如 :pep:`在 PEP 中已讨论的 <0453#recommendations-for-downstream-distributors>` " +"那样平台打包者可以选择不默认安装这些命令，只需在它们被唤起时，能够提供有关如何在该平台上安装它们的简单清晰的指引（通常是使用系统的包管理器）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:226 +msgid "" +"To avoid conflicts between parallel Python 2 and Python 3 installations, " +"only the versioned ``pip3`` and ``pip3.4`` commands are bootstrapped by " +"default when ``ensurepip`` is invoked directly - the ``--default-pip`` " +"option is needed to also request the unversioned ``pip`` command. ``pyvenv``" +" and the Windows installer ensure that the unqualified ``pip`` command is " +"made available in those environments, and ``pip`` can always be invoked via " +"the ``-m`` switch rather than directly to avoid ambiguity on systems with " +"multiple Python installations." +msgstr "" +"为了避免同时存在的 Python 2 和 Python 3 安装版之前的冲突，当 ``ensurepip`` 被直接唤起时默认只会初始设置带版本号的 " +"``pip3`` 和 ``pip3.4`` 命令 —— 需要添加 ``--default-pip`` 选项来请求设置不带版本号的 ``pip`` 命令。" +" ``pyvenv`` 和 Windows 安装程序会确保未限定版本的 ``pip`` 命令在环境中可用，并且 ``pip`` 始终可以通过 " +"``-m`` 选项开关而不是直接唤起以避免在具有多个 Python 安装版的系统中造成歧义。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:237 +msgid "Documentation Changes" +msgstr "文档更改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:239 +msgid "" +"As part of this change, the :ref:`installing-index` and :ref:`distributing-" +"index` sections of the documentation have been completely redesigned as " +"short getting started and FAQ documents. Most packaging documentation has " +"now been moved out to the Python Packaging Authority maintained `Python " +"Packaging User Guide `__ and the documentation" +" of the individual projects." +msgstr "" +"作为此项更改的一部分，文档的 :ref:`installing-index` 和 :ref:`distributing-index` " +"章节已经完全重新设计，快速入门和 FAQ 文档也是如此。 大部分打包指南文档现在都已被移至由 Python Packaging Authority " +"维护的 `Python Packaging User Guide `__ " +"以及相应的独立项目文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:247 +msgid "" +"However, as this migration is currently still incomplete, the legacy " +"versions of those guides remaining available as :ref:`install-index` and " +":ref:`setuptools-index`." +msgstr "" +"不过，由于目前迁移过程尚未完成，这些指南的旧版本仍然可通过 :ref:`install-index` 和 :ref:`setuptools-index`" +" 来访问。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:253 +msgid ":pep:`453` -- Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations" +msgstr ":pep:`453` -- Python 安装版中对 pip 的显式初始设置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:254 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Donald Stufft and Nick Coghlan, implemented by Donald Stufft," +" Nick Coghlan, Martin von Löwis and Ned Deily." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由Donald Stufft 和 Nick Coghlan 撰写，由 Donald Stufft，Nick Coghlan，Martin von" +" Löwis 和 Ned Deily 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:261 +msgid "PEP 446: Newly Created File Descriptors Are Non-Inheritable" +msgstr "PEP 446: 新创建的文件描述符将设为不可继承" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:263 +msgid "" +":pep:`446` makes newly created file descriptors :ref:`non-inheritable " +"`. In general, this is the behavior an application will " +"want: when launching a new process, having currently open files also open in" +" the new process can lead to all sorts of hard to find bugs, and potentially" +" to security issues." +msgstr "" +":pep:`446` 将新创建的文件描述符设为 :ref:`不可继承的 `。 " +"通常，这就是应用程序所需要的行为：当启动一个新进程时，让当前打开的文件也在新进程里打开可能导致各种难以查找的程序错误以及潜在的安全问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:269 +msgid "" +"However, there are occasions when inheritance is desired. To support these " +"cases, the following new functions and methods are available:" +msgstr "不过，也存在一些需要继承行为的情况。 为了支持这些情况，可以使用以下的新增函数和方法：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:272 +msgid ":func:`os.get_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_inheritable`" +msgstr ":func:`os.get_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_inheritable`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:273 +msgid ":func:`os.get_handle_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable`" +msgstr ":func:`os.get_handle_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:274 +msgid "" +":meth:`socket.socket.get_inheritable`, :meth:`socket.socket.set_inheritable`" +msgstr "" +":meth:`socket.socket.get_inheritable`, :meth:`socket.socket.set_inheritable`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:278 +msgid ":pep:`446` -- Make newly created file descriptors non-inheritable" +msgstr ":pep:`446` -- 将新创建的文件描述符设为不可继承" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:279 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1811 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "PEP 由 Victor Stinner 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:285 +msgid "Improvements to Codec Handling" +msgstr "编解码器处理方式的改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:287 +msgid "" +"Since it was first introduced, the :mod:`codecs` module has always been " +"intended to operate as a type-neutral dynamic encoding and decoding system. " +"However, its close coupling with the Python text model, especially the type " +"restricted convenience methods on the builtin :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` " +"and :class:`bytearray` types, has historically obscured that fact." +msgstr "" +"自首次被引入以来，:mod:`codecs` 模块始终是作为一个类型中立的动态编码和解码系统来运作的。 然而，它与 Python 文本模型，尤其是内置 " +":class:`str`、:class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` " +"类型上的限定类型的便捷方法的紧密耦合，在历史上掩盖了这一事实。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:294 +msgid "" +"As a key step in clarifying the situation, the :meth:`codecs.encode` and " +":meth:`codecs.decode` convenience functions are now properly documented in " +"Python 2.7, 3.3 and 3.4. These functions have existed in the :mod:`codecs` " +"module (and have been covered by the regression test suite) since Python " +"2.4, but were previously only discoverable through runtime introspection." +msgstr "" +"作为明晰情况的关键一步，现在 :meth:`codecs.encode` 和 :meth:`codecs.decode` 便捷函数在 Python " +"2.7、3.3 和 3.4 中都正确地写入了文档。 自 Python 2.4 以来这些函数即已存在于 :mod:`codecs` " +"模块中（并已被回归测试套件所覆盖），但在此前只能通过运行时自省才能发现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:300 +msgid "" +"Unlike the convenience methods on :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` and " +":class:`bytearray`, the :mod:`codecs` convenience functions support " +"arbitrary codecs in both Python 2 and Python 3, rather than being limited to" +" Unicode text encodings (in Python 3) or ``basestring`` <-> ``basestring`` " +"conversions (in Python 2)." +msgstr "" +"不同于 :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 上的便捷方法，:mod:`codecs` " +"的便捷函数同时支持 Python 2 和 Python 3 中的任意编解码器，而非仅限于 Unicode 文本编码格式（在 Python 3 中) 或 " +"``basestring`` <-> ``basestring`` 转换（在 Python 2 中）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:306 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.4, the interpreter is able to identify the known non-text " +"encodings provided in the standard library and direct users towards these " +"general purpose convenience functions when appropriate::" +msgstr "在 Python 3.4 中，解释器能够识别标准库中提供的已知非文本编码格式并会在适当的时候引导用户找到这些通用型便捷函数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:310 +msgid "" +">>> b\"abcdef\".decode(\"hex\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.decode() to handle arbitrary codecs\n" +"\n" +">>> \"hello\".encode(\"rot13\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"LookupError: 'rot13' is not a text encoding; use codecs.encode() to handle arbitrary codecs\n" +"\n" +">>> open(\"foo.txt\", encoding=\"hex\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.open() to handle arbitrary codecs" +msgstr "" +">>> b\"abcdef\".decode(\"hex\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.decode() to handle arbitrary codecs\n" +"\n" +">>> \"hello\".encode(\"rot13\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"LookupError: 'rot13' is not a text encoding; use codecs.encode() to handle arbitrary codecs\n" +"\n" +">>> open(\"foo.txt\", encoding=\"hex\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.open() to handle arbitrary codecs" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:325 +msgid "" +"In a related change, whenever it is feasible without breaking backwards " +"compatibility, exceptions raised during encoding and decoding operations are" +" wrapped in a chained exception of the same type that mentions the name of " +"the codec responsible for producing the error::" +msgstr "" +"在相关的改变中，只要在不破坏向下兼容性 " +"的情况下是可行的，则在编码和解码操作期间引发的异常都会被包装在一个特定类型的链式异常中，该类型的名称与产生错误的相应编解码器一致::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:330 +msgid "" +">>> import codecs\n" +"\n" +">>> codecs.decode(b\"abcdefgh\", \"hex\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/encodings/hex_codec.py\", line 20, in hex_decode\n" +" return (binascii.a2b_hex(input), len(input))\n" +"binascii.Error: Non-hexadecimal digit found\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"binascii.Error: decoding with 'hex' codec failed (Error: Non-hexadecimal digit found)\n" +"\n" +">>> codecs.encode(\"hello\", \"bz2\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/encodings/bz2_codec.py\", line 17, in bz2_encode\n" +" return (bz2.compress(input), len(input))\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/bz2.py\", line 498, in compress\n" +" return comp.compress(data) + comp.flush()\n" +"TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: encoding with 'bz2' codec failed (TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface)" +msgstr "" +">>> import codecs\n" +"\n" +">>> codecs.decode(b\"abcdefgh\", \"hex\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/encodings/hex_codec.py\", line 20, in hex_decode\n" +" return (binascii.a2b_hex(input), len(input))\n" +"binascii.Error: Non-hexadecimal digit found\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"binascii.Error: decoding with 'hex' codec failed (Error: Non-hexadecimal digit found)\n" +"\n" +">>> codecs.encode(\"hello\", \"bz2\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/encodings/bz2_codec.py\", line 17, in bz2_encode\n" +" return (bz2.compress(input), len(input))\n" +" File \"/usr/lib/python3.4/bz2.py\", line 498, in compress\n" +" return comp.compress(data) + comp.flush()\n" +"TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: encoding with 'bz2' codec failed (TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:358 +msgid "" +"Finally, as the examples above show, these improvements have permitted the " +"restoration of the convenience aliases for the non-Unicode codecs that were " +"themselves restored in Python 3.2. This means that encoding binary data to " +"and from its hexadecimal representation (for example) can now be written " +"as::" +msgstr "" +"最后，正如上面的例子所示，这些改进允许恢复非 Unicode 编解码器的便捷别名，这些别名在 Python 3.2 中已被恢复。 " +"这意味着（举例来说）二进制数据到其十六进制表示形式的编码转换现在可以写成::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:364 +msgid "" +">>> from codecs import encode, decode\n" +">>> encode(b\"hello\", \"hex\")\n" +"b'68656c6c6f'\n" +">>> decode(b\"68656c6c6f\", \"hex\")\n" +"b'hello'" +msgstr "" +">>> from codecs import encode, decode\n" +">>> encode(b\"hello\", \"hex\")\n" +"b'68656c6c6f'\n" +">>> decode(b\"68656c6c6f\", \"hex\")\n" +"b'hello'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:370 +msgid "" +"The binary and text transforms provided in the standard library are detailed" +" in :ref:`binary-transforms` and :ref:`text-transforms`." +msgstr "" +"在标准库中提供的二进制和文本转换操作详见 :ref:`binary-transforms` 和 :ref:`text-transforms`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:373 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`7475`, :issue:`17827`, " +":issue:`17828` and :issue:`19619`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`7475`, :issue:`17827`, :issue:`17828` 和 " +":issue:`19619` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:380 +msgid "PEP 451: A ModuleSpec Type for the Import System" +msgstr "PEP 451: 针对导入系统的 ModuleSpec 类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:382 +msgid "" +":pep:`451` provides an encapsulation of the information about a module that " +"the import machinery will use to load it (that is, a module specification)." +" This helps simplify both the import implementation and several import-" +"related APIs. The change is also a stepping stone for `several future " +"import-related improvements`__." +msgstr "" +":pep:`451` 提供了对模块相关信息的封装，导入机制将使用这些信息来加载它（即模块规范说明）。 这有助于简化导入的实现和几个导入相关的 API。 " +"这一改动也是 `某些未来导入相关改进`__ 的基石。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:390 +msgid "" +"The public-facing changes from the PEP are entirely backward-compatible. " +"Furthermore, they should be transparent to everyone but importer authors. " +"Key finder and loader methods have been deprecated, but they will continue " +"working. New importers should use the new methods described in the PEP. " +"Existing importers should be updated to implement the new methods. See the " +":ref:`deprecated-3.4` section for a list of methods that should be replaced " +"and their replacements." +msgstr "" +"PEP 中面向公众的修改是完全向下兼容的。 并且，它们应当对除导入器开发者之外的其他所有人都可见。 主要查找器和加载器方法已被弃用，但它们将继续工作。 " +"新的导入器应当使用 PEP 中描述的新方法。 现有的导入器应当被更新以实现这些新方法。 请参阅 :ref:`deprecated-3.4` " +"一节获取应当被替代的方法及其替代物的列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:400 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:402 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:404 +msgid "Unicode database updated to UCD version 6.3." +msgstr "Unicode 数据库更新至 UCD 版本 6.3。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:406 +msgid "" +":func:`min` and :func:`max` now accept a *default* keyword-only argument " +"that can be used to specify the value they return if the iterable they are " +"evaluating has no elements. (Contributed by Julian Berman in " +":issue:`18111`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`min` 和 :func:`max` 均接受一个 *default* " +"仅限关键字参数可被用来指定当它们要求值的可迭代对象中没有任何元素时要返回的值。 （由 Julian Berman 在 :issue:`18111` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:411 +msgid "Module objects are now :ref:`weakly referenceable `." +msgstr "模块对象现在是 :ref:`可弱引用的 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:413 +msgid "" +"Module ``__file__`` attributes (and related values) should now always " +"contain absolute paths by default, with the sole exception of " +"``__main__.__file__`` when a script has been executed directly using a " +"relative path. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`18416`.)" +msgstr "" +"模块的 ``__file__`` 属性（以及相关的值）现在应当总是默认包含绝对路径，唯一的例外是当使用相对路径直接执行一个脚本时的 " +"``__main__.__file__``。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`18416` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:418 +msgid "" +"All the UTF-\\* codecs (except UTF-7) now reject surrogates during both " +"encoding and decoding unless the ``surrogatepass`` error handler is used, " +"with the exception of the UTF-16 decoder (which accepts valid surrogate " +"pairs) and the UTF-16 encoder (which produces them while encoding non-BMP " +"characters). (Contributed by Victor Stinner, Kang-Hao (Kenny) Lu and Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`12892`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在所有 UTF-\\* 编解码器（UTF-7 除外）在编码和解码期间都将拒绝替代符除非使用 ``surrogatepass`` 错误处理器，例外情况有" +" UTF-16 解码器（接受有效的替代符对）和 UTF-16 编码器（在编码非 BMP 字符时会产生替代符）。 （由 Victor Stinner, " +"Kang-Hao (Kenny) Lu 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`12892` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:425 +msgid "" +"New German EBCDIC :ref:`codec ` ``cp273``. (Contributed" +" by Michael Bierenfeld and Andrew Kuchling in :issue:`1097797`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 German EBCDIC :ref:`编解码器 ` ``cp273``。 （由 Michael " +"Bierenfeld 和 Andrew Kuchling 在 :issue:`1097797` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:428 +msgid "" +"New Ukrainian :ref:`codec ` ``cp1125``. (Contributed by" +" Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19668`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 Ukrainian :ref:`编解码器 ` ``cp1125``。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`19668` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:431 +msgid "" +":class:`bytes`.join() and :class:`bytearray`.join() now accept arbitrary " +"buffer objects as arguments. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`15958`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`bytes`.join() 和 :class:`bytearray`.join() 接受任意缓冲区对象作为参数。 （由 " +"Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`15958` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:435 +msgid "" +"The :class:`int` constructor now accepts any object that has an " +"``__index__`` method for its *base* argument. (Contributed by Mark " +"Dickinson in :issue:`16772`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`int` 构造器接受任何具有 ``__index__`` 方法的对象作为其 *base* 参数。 （由 Mark " +"Dickinson 在 :issue:`16772` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:439 +msgid "" +"Frame objects now have a :func:`~frame.clear` method that clears all " +"references to local variables from the frame. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou in :issue:`17934`.)" +msgstr "" +"帧对象现在具有 :func:`~frame.clear` 方法用来从帧中清除所有对局部变量的引用。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`17934` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:443 +msgid "" +":class:`memoryview` is now registered as a :class:`Sequence " +"`, and supports the :func:`reversed` builtin. (Contributed" +" by Nick Coghlan and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`18690` and :issue:`19078`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`memoryview` 被注册为 :class:`序列 `，并支持 " +":func:`reversed` 内置函数。 （由 Nick Coghlan 和 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`18690` 和 " +":issue:`19078` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:447 +msgid "" +"Signatures reported by :func:`help` have been modified and improved in " +"several cases as a result of the introduction of Argument Clinic and other " +"changes to the :mod:`inspect` and :mod:`pydoc` modules." +msgstr "" +"作为对引入 Argument Clinic 以及对 :mod:`inspect` 和 :mod:`pydoc` 模块的其他修改的结果，在各种场合下由 " +":func:`help` 所报告的签名信息已获得修改和提升。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:451 +msgid "" +":meth:`~object.__length_hint__` is now part of the formal language " +"specification (see :pep:`424`). (Contributed by Armin Ronacher in " +":issue:`16148`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`~object.__length_hint__` 已成为正式语言规范的一部分 (参见 :pep:`424`)。 （由 Armin " +"Ronacher 在 :issue:`16148` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:457 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:463 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:465 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`asyncio` module (defined in :pep:`3156`) provides a standard " +"pluggable event loop model for Python, providing solid asynchronous IO " +"support in the standard library, and making it easier for other event loop " +"implementations to interoperate with the standard library and each other." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`asyncio` 模块（在 :pep:`3156` 中定义）为 Python " +"提供了一个标准的可插入事件循环模型，在标准库中提供了坚实的异步 IO 支持，并使得其他事件循环的实现与标准库和其他库的相互操作更为容易。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:470 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:533 +msgid "For Python 3.4, this module is considered a :term:`provisional API`." +msgstr "对于 Python 3.4，此模块被视为属于 :term:`provisional API`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:474 +msgid ":pep:`3156` -- Asynchronous IO Support Rebooted: the \"asyncio\" Module" +msgstr ":pep:`3156` -- 异步 IO 支持的重启: \"asyncio\" 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:475 +msgid "PEP written and implementation led by Guido van Rossum." +msgstr "PEP 由 Guido van Rossum 领导编写和实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:481 +msgid "ensurepip" +msgstr "ensurepip" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:483 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`ensurepip` module is the primary infrastructure for the " +":pep:`453` implementation. In the normal course of events end users will " +"not need to interact with this module, but it can be used to manually " +"bootstrap ``pip`` if the automated bootstrapping into an installation or " +"virtual environment was declined." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`ensurepip` 模块是用于 :pep:`453` 实现的主要基础设施。 " +"在正常情况下最终用户不需要与此模块进行交互，但如果对安装版或虚拟环境的自动初始设置遭到拒绝则可使用它来手动初始设置 ``pip``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:489 +msgid "" +":mod:`ensurepip` includes a bundled copy of ``pip``, up-to-date as of the " +"first release candidate of the release of CPython with which it ships (this " +"applies to both maintenance releases and feature releases). ``ensurepip`` " +"does not access the internet. If the installation has internet access, " +"after ``ensurepip`` is run the bundled ``pip`` can be used to upgrade " +"``pip`` to a more recent release than the bundled one. (Note that such an " +"upgraded version of ``pip`` is considered to be a separately installed " +"package and will not be removed if Python is uninstalled.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ensurepip` 包括了一个捆绑的 ``pip`` 副本，其版本更新时间即 CPython " +"发布包的第一个候选发布版的发布时间（此规则同样适用于维护发布版和新特性发布版）。 ``ensurepip`` 不会访问因特网。 " +"如果安装版可以访问因特网，则在运行 ``ensurepip`` 之后可以使用所捆绑的 ``pip`` 来将 ``pip`` " +"升级为比所捆绑版本更高的版本。 （请注意这样得到的 ``pip`` 升级版本将被视为一个单独安装的软件包并且在 Python 被卸载时将不会被移除。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:498 +msgid "" +"The module is named *ensure*\\ pip because if called when ``pip`` is already" +" installed, it does nothing. It also has an ``--upgrade`` option that will " +"cause it to install the bundled copy of ``pip`` if the existing installed " +"version of ``pip`` is older than the bundled copy." +msgstr "" +"该模块被命名为 *ensure*\\ pip 是因为如果在已安装 ``pip`` 的情况下被调用，它将不做任何操作。 它还有一个 " +"``--upgrade`` 选项可以在当前已安装的 ``pip`` 版本比所捆绑的副本更旧的情况下安装所捆绑的 ``pip`` 副本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:507 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:509 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`enum` module (defined in :pep:`435`) provides a standard " +"implementation of enumeration types, allowing other modules (such as " +":mod:`socket`) to provide more informative error messages and better " +"debugging support by replacing opaque integer constants with backwards " +"compatible enumeration values." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`enum` 模块（在 :pep:`435` 中定义）提供了枚举类型的标准实现，允许其他模块（如 :mod:`socket` " +"等）通过将含义不清晰的整数常量替换为可向下兼容的枚举值来提供更具信息量的错误消息和更好的调试支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:517 +msgid ":pep:`435` -- Adding an Enum type to the Python standard library" +msgstr ":pep:`435` -- 为 Python 标准库增加了 Enum 类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:518 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Barry Warsaw, Eli Bendersky and Ethan Furman, implemented by " +"Ethan Furman." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Barry Warsaw，Eli Bendersky 和 Ethan Furman 撰写 ，由 Ethan Furman 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:525 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:527 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`pathlib` module offers classes representing filesystem paths " +"with semantics appropriate for different operating systems. Path classes " +"are divided between *pure paths*, which provide purely computational " +"operations without I/O, and *concrete paths*, which inherit from pure paths " +"but also provide I/O operations." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`pathlib` 模块提供了代表文件系统路径的类，其语义适用于不同的操作系统。 路径类被划分为提供不带 I/O 的纯计算操作的 " +"*纯路径*，以及继承自纯路径但提供 I/O 操作的 *实体路径*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:537 +msgid ":pep:`428` -- The pathlib module -- object-oriented filesystem paths" +msgstr ":pep:`428` -- pathlib 模块 -- 面向对象的文件系统路径" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:538 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1834 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Antoine Pitrou." +msgstr "PEP 由 Antoine Pitrou 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:544 +msgid "selectors" +msgstr "selectors" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:546 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`selectors` module (created as part of implementing " +":pep:`3156`) allows high-level and efficient I/O multiplexing, built upon " +"the :mod:`select` module primitives." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`selectors` 模块（作为 :pep:`3156` 实现的一部分被创建）允许高层级且高效的 I/O 多路复用，它是在 " +":mod:`select` 模块的基础上构建的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:554 +msgid "statistics" +msgstr "statistics" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:556 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`statistics` module (defined in :pep:`450`) offers some core " +"statistics functionality directly in the standard library. This module " +"supports calculation of the mean, median, mode, variance and standard " +"deviation of a data series." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`statistics` 模块（在 :pep:`450` 中定义）直接在标准库中提供了一些核心统计功能。 " +"该模块支持计算数据系列的平均值、中位数、模式、方差和标准差等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:563 +msgid ":pep:`450` -- Adding A Statistics Module To The Standard Library" +msgstr ":pep:`450` -- 为标准库增加 statistics 模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:564 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven D'Aprano" +msgstr "PEP 由 Steven D'Aprano 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:570 +msgid "tracemalloc" +msgstr "tracemalloc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:572 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`tracemalloc` module (defined in :pep:`454`) is a debug tool to" +" trace memory blocks allocated by Python. It provides the following " +"information:" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块（在 :pep:`454` 中定义）是用于追踪由 Python 所分配的内存块的调试工具。 " +"它提供了以下信息：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:575 +msgid "Trace where an object was allocated" +msgstr "追踪对象被分配所在的位置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:576 +msgid "" +"Statistics on allocated memory blocks per filename and per line number: " +"total size, number and average size of allocated memory blocks" +msgstr "按文件、按行统计python的内存块分配情况: 总大小、块的数量以及块平均大小。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:578 +msgid "Compute the differences between two snapshots to detect memory leaks" +msgstr "对比两个内存快照的差异，以便排查内存泄漏" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:582 +msgid "" +":pep:`454` -- Add a new tracemalloc module to trace Python memory " +"allocations" +msgstr ":pep:`454` -- 新增 tracemalloc 模块用于追踪 Python 内存分配" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:583 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Victor Stinner" +msgstr "PEP 由 Victor Stinner 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:588 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:592 +msgid "abc" +msgstr "abc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:594 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`abc.get_cache_token` can be used to know when to " +"invalidate caches that are affected by changes in the object graph. " +"(Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`16832`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`abc.get_cache_token` 可被用来获知何时使得受到对象图改变影响的缓存失效。 （由 Łukasz Langa " +"在 :issue:`16832` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:598 +msgid "" +"New class :class:`~abc.ABC` has :class:`~abc.ABCMeta` as its meta class. " +"Using ``ABC`` as a base class has essentially the same effect as specifying " +"``metaclass=abc.ABCMeta``, but is simpler to type and easier to read. " +"(Contributed by Bruno Dupuis in :issue:`16049`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的类型 :class:`~abc.ABC` 以 :class:`~abc.ABCMeta` 作为其元类。 使用 ``ABC`` " +"作为基类的效果实际上相当于指定 ``metaclass=abc.ABCMeta``，但其写法更简单也更易读。 （由 Bruno Dupuis 在 " +":issue:`16049` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:605 +msgid "aifc" +msgstr "aifc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:607 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!getparams` method now returns a namedtuple rather than a plain " +"tuple. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17818`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`!getparams` 方法将返回一个具名元组而不是普通元组。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`17818` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:610 +msgid "" +":func:`!aifc.open` now supports the context management protocol: when used " +"in a :keyword:`with` block, the :meth:`!close` method of the returned object" +" will be called automatically at the end of the block. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchacha in :issue:`16486`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`!aifc.open` 已支持上下文管理协议：当在 :keyword:`with` 代码块中使用时，所返回对象的 " +":meth:`!close` 方法将在代码块结束时被自动调用。 （由 Serhiy Storchacha 在 :issue:`16486` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:615 ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1542 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!writeframesraw` and :meth:`!writeframes` methods now accept any " +":term:`bytes-like object`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`8311`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`!writeframesraw` 和 :meth:`!writeframes` 方法将接受任意 :term:`bytes-like " +"object`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`8311` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:621 +msgid "argparse" +msgstr "argparse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:623 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~argparse.FileType` class now accepts *encoding* and *errors* " +"arguments, which are passed through to :func:`open`. (Contributed by Lucas " +"Maystre in :issue:`11175`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~argparse.FileType` 类可接受 *encoding* 和 *errors* 参数，它们将被传递给 " +":func:`open`。 （由 Lucas Maystre 在 :issue:`11175` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:629 +msgid "audioop" +msgstr "audioop" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:631 +msgid "" +":mod:`!audioop` now supports 24-bit samples. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`12866`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`!audioop` 可支持 24 位采样。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`12866` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:634 +msgid "" +"New :func:`!byteswap` function converts big-endian samples to little-endian " +"and vice versa. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19641`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`!byteswap` 函数可将大端序样本转换为小端序，并可反向转换。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`19641` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:638 +msgid "" +"All :mod:`!audioop` functions now accept any :term:`bytes-like object`. " +"Strings are not accepted: they didn't work before, now they raise an error " +"right away. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16685`.)" +msgstr "" +"所有 :mod:`!audioop` 函数现在可接受任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。 " +"字符串将不被接受：它们在之前也不可用，现在它们将立即引发错误。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`16685` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:644 +msgid "base64" +msgstr "base64" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:646 +msgid "" +"The encoding and decoding functions in :mod:`base64` now accept any " +":term:`bytes-like object` in cases where it previously required a " +":class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray` instance. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan" +" in :issue:`17839`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`base64` 中的编码和解码函数在之前需要 :class:`bytes` 或 :class:`bytearray` " +"实例的场合下均接受任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。 （由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`17839` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:651 +msgid "" +"New functions :func:`~base64.a85encode`, :func:`~base64.a85decode`, " +":func:`~base64.b85encode`, and :func:`~base64.b85decode` provide the ability" +" to encode and decode binary data from and to ``Ascii85`` and the " +"git/mercurial ``Base85`` formats, respectively. The ``a85`` functions have " +"options that can be used to make them compatible with the variants of the " +"``Ascii85`` encoding, including the Adobe variant. (Contributed by Martin " +"Morrison, the Mercurial project, Serhiy Storchaka, and Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`17618`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`~base64.a85encode`, :func:`~base64.a85decode`, " +":func:`~base64.b85encode` 以及 :func:`~base64.b85decode` 分别提供针对 ``Ascii85`` 以及" +" git/mercurial ``Base85`` 格式的二进制数据进行编码和解码的能力。 ``a85`` 函数具有可被用于使其与 " +"``Ascii85`` 编码格式的变种，包括 Adobe 变种相互兼容的选项。 （由 Martin Morrison, Mercurial 项目, " +"Serhiy Storchaka 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`17618` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:661 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:663 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`.ChainMap.new_child` method now accepts an *m* argument " +"specifying the child map to add to the chain. This allows an existing " +"mapping and/or a custom mapping type to be used for the child. (Contributed" +" by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`16613`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`.ChainMap.new_child` 方法接受一个 *m* 参数用于指定要向链结构中添加的子映射表。 " +"这允许将现有的映射和/或自定义映射类型用于子映射表。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`16613` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:670 +msgid "colorsys" +msgstr "colorsys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:672 +msgid "" +"The number of digits in the coefficients for the RGB --- YIQ conversions " +"have been expanded so that they match the FCC NTSC versions. The change in " +"results should be less than 1% and may better match results found elsewhere." +" (Contributed by Brian Landers and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`14323`.)" +msgstr "" +"用于 RGB --- YIQ 转换系数的数码位数已被扩展以使其与 FCC NTSC 版本匹配。 结果中的变化应当少于 1% " +"并可与在其他地方找到的结果更好地匹配。 （由 Brian Landers 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`14323` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:679 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:681 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`contextlib.suppress` context manager helps to clarify the " +"intent of code that deliberately suppresses exceptions from a single " +"statement. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`15806` and Zero " +"Piraeus in :issue:`19266`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :class:`contextlib.suppress` 上下文管理器可以帮助澄清故意抑制来自单条语句的异常的代码的意图。 （由 Raymond" +" Hettinger 在 :issue:`15806` 和 Zero Piraeus 在 :issue:`19266` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:686 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`contextlib.redirect_stdout` context manager makes it easier " +"for utility scripts to handle inflexible APIs that write their output to " +":data:`sys.stdout` and don't provide any options to redirect it. Using the " +"context manager, the :data:`sys.stdout` output can be redirected to any " +"other stream or, in conjunction with :class:`io.StringIO`, to a string. The " +"latter can be especially useful, for example, to capture output from a " +"function that was written to implement a command line interface. It is " +"recommended only for utility scripts because it affects the global state of " +":data:`sys.stdout`. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`15805`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`contextlib.redirect_stdout` 上下文管理器使得工具脚本能更容易地处理将输出写入 " +":data:`sys.stdout` 并且不提供任何重定向选项的不灵活 API。 使用该上下文管理器，可以将 :data:`sys.stdout` " +"的输出重定向到任何其他流，或者配合使用 :class:`io.StringIO` 来重定向到字符串。 后一种方式有时会特别有用，例如写入函数的输出来实现" +" 命令行接口。 由于它会影响 :data:`sys.stdout` 的全局状态因此只推荐用于工具脚本。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`15805` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:697 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`contextlib` documentation has also been updated to include a " +":ref:`discussion ` of the differences" +" between single use, reusable and reentrant context managers." +msgstr "" +":mod:`contextlib` 文档也已获得更新以包括有关仅单用、可重用与可重入上下文管理器之间的区别的 :ref:`讨论 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:703 +msgid "dbm" +msgstr "dbm" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:705 +msgid "" +":func:`dbm.open` objects now support the context management protocol. When " +"used in a :keyword:`with` statement, the ``close`` method of the database " +"object will be called automatically at the end of the block. (Contributed " +"by Claudiu Popa and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`19282`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`dbm.open` 对象已支持上下文管理器协议。 当在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用时，数据库对象的 " +"``close`` 方法将在代码块结束时被自动调用。 （由 Claudiu Popa 和 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`19282` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:712 +msgid "dis" +msgstr "dis" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:714 +msgid "" +"Functions :func:`~dis.show_code`, :func:`~dis.dis`, :func:`~dis.distb`, and " +":func:`~dis.disassemble` now accept a keyword-only *file* argument that " +"controls where they write their output." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~dis.show_code`, :func:`~dis.dis`, :func:`~dis.distb` 和 " +":func:`~dis.disassemble` 等函数可接受仅限关键字参数 *file* 来控制其输出的写入目标。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:718 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`dis` module is now built around an :class:`~dis.Instruction` class" +" that provides object oriented access to the details of each individual " +"bytecode operation." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`dis` 模块是围绕 :class:`~dis.Instruction` " +"类来构建的，该类以面向对象的访问方式提供对于每个单独字节码操作的细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:722 +msgid "" +"A new method, :func:`~dis.get_instructions`, provides an iterator that emits" +" the Instruction stream for a given piece of Python code. Thus it is now " +"possible to write a program that inspects and manipulates a bytecode object " +"in ways different from those provided by the :mod:`~dis` module itself. For" +" example::" +msgstr "" +"新增的方法 :func:`~dis.get_instructions` 提供了一个为给定 Python 代码段产生 Instruction 流的迭代器。" +" 这使得现在可以编写以不同于由 :mod:`~dis` 模块本身所提供的方式检查和操纵字节码对象的程序。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:728 +msgid "" +">>> import dis\n" +">>> for instr in dis.get_instructions(lambda x: x + 1):\n" +"... print(instr.opname)\n" +"LOAD_FAST\n" +"LOAD_CONST\n" +"BINARY_ADD\n" +"RETURN_VALUE" +msgstr "" +">>> import dis\n" +">>> for instr in dis.get_instructions(lambda x: x + 1):\n" +"... print(instr.opname)\n" +"LOAD_FAST\n" +"LOAD_CONST\n" +"BINARY_ADD\n" +"RETURN_VALUE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:736 +msgid "" +"The various display tools in the :mod:`dis` module have been rewritten to " +"use these new components." +msgstr ":mod:`dis` 模块中的各种显示工具已被重新编写以使用这些新组件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:739 +msgid "" +"In addition, a new application-friendly class :class:`~dis.Bytecode` " +"provides an object-oriented API for inspecting bytecode in both in human-" +"readable form and for iterating over instructions. The " +":class:`~dis.Bytecode` constructor takes the same arguments that " +":func:`~dis.get_instruction` does (plus an optional *current_offset*), and " +"the resulting object can be iterated to produce :class:`~dis.Instruction` " +"objects. But it also has a :mod:`~dis.Bytecode.dis` method, equivalent to " +"calling :mod:`~dis.dis` on the constructor argument, but returned as a " +"multi-line string::" +msgstr "" +"此外，新增的对应用程序友好的类 :class:`~dis.Bytecode` 提供了一个面向对象的 API " +"用于以人类可读的形式检查字节码并对指令进行迭代。 :class:`~dis.Bytecode` 构造器接受与 " +":func:`~dis.get_instruction` 相同的参数（外加一个可选的 *current_offset* 参数），其结果对象可被迭代以产生" +" :class:`~dis.Instruction` 对象。 但它还有一个 :mod:`~dis.Bytecode.dis` " +"方法，相当于在构造器参数上调用 :mod:`~dis.dis`，但是返回一个多行字符串::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:748 +msgid "" +">>> bytecode = dis.Bytecode(lambda x: x + 1, current_offset=3)\n" +">>> for instr in bytecode:\n" +"... print('{} ({})'.format(instr.opname, instr.opcode))\n" +"LOAD_FAST (124)\n" +"LOAD_CONST (100)\n" +"BINARY_ADD (23)\n" +"RETURN_VALUE (83)\n" +">>> bytecode.dis().splitlines()\n" +"[' 1 0 LOAD_FAST 0 (x)',\n" +" ' --> 3 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)',\n" +" ' 6 BINARY_ADD',\n" +" ' 7 RETURN_VALUE']" +msgstr "" +">>> bytecode = dis.Bytecode(lambda x: x + 1, current_offset=3)\n" +">>> for instr in bytecode:\n" +"... print('{} ({})'.format(instr.opname, instr.opcode))\n" +"LOAD_FAST (124)\n" +"LOAD_CONST (100)\n" +"BINARY_ADD (23)\n" +"RETURN_VALUE (83)\n" +">>> bytecode.dis().splitlines()\n" +"[' 1 0 LOAD_FAST 0 (x)',\n" +" ' --> 3 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)',\n" +" ' 6 BINARY_ADD',\n" +" ' 7 RETURN_VALUE']" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:761 +msgid "" +":class:`~dis.Bytecode` also has a class method, " +":meth:`~dis.Bytecode.from_traceback`, that provides the ability to " +"manipulate a traceback (that is, " +"``print(Bytecode.from_traceback(tb).dis())`` is equivalent to " +"``distb(tb)``)." +msgstr "" +":class:`~dis.Bytecode` 还有一个类方法 " +":meth:`~dis.Bytecode.from_traceback`，它提供了操纵回溯对象的能力（也就是说，``print(Bytecode.from_traceback(tb).dis())``" +" 等价于 ``distb(tb)``。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:766 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan, Ryan Kelly and Thomas Kluyver in " +":issue:`11816` and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17916`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Nick Coghlan, Ryan Kelly 和 Thomas Kluyver 在 :issue:`11816` 并由 Claudiu " +"Popa 在 :issue:`17916` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:769 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~dis.stack_effect` computes the effect on the Python " +"stack of a given opcode and argument, information that is not otherwise " +"available. (Contributed by Larry Hastings in :issue:`19722`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`~dis.stack_effect` 可在给定操作码和参数的 Python 栈上计算其效果，相关信息是无法以其他方式获得的。 " +"（由 Larry Hastings 在 :issue:`19722` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:775 +msgid "doctest" +msgstr "doctest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:777 +msgid "" +"A new :ref:`option flag `, :const:`~doctest.FAIL_FAST`, " +"halts test running as soon as the first failure is detected. (Contributed " +"by R. David Murray and Daniel Urban in :issue:`16522`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :ref:`选项旗标 ` :const:`~doctest.FAIL_FAST` " +"将在检测到首次失败时暂停测试运行。 （由 R. David Murray 和 Daniel Urban 在 :issue:`16522` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:781 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`doctest` command line interface now uses :mod:`argparse`, and has " +"two new options, ``-o`` and ``-f``. ``-o`` allows :ref:`doctest options " +"` to be specified on the command line, and ``-f`` is a " +"shorthand for ``-o FAIL_FAST`` (to parallel the similar option supported by " +"the :mod:`unittest` CLI). (Contributed by R. David Murray in " +":issue:`11390`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`doctest` 的命令行接口使用 :mod:`argparse`，并新增了两个选项 ``-o`` 和 ``-f``。 ``-o`` " +"允许在命令行中指定 :ref:`doctest 选项 `，而 ``-f`` 是 ``-o FAIL_FAST`` " +"的简写形式（与 :mod:`unittest` CLI 所支持的类似选项相对应）。 （由 R. David Murray 在 " +":issue:`11390` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:787 +msgid "" +":mod:`doctest` will now find doctests in extension module ``__doc__`` " +"strings. (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`3158`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`doctest` 会在扩展模块的 ``__doc__`` 字符串中查找文档测试。 （由 Zachary Ware 在 " +":issue:`3158` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:792 +msgid "email" +msgstr "email" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:794 +msgid "" +":meth:`~email.message.Message.as_string` now accepts a *policy* argument to " +"override the default policy of the message when generating a string " +"representation of it. This means that ``as_string`` can now be used in more" +" circumstances, instead of having to create and use a " +":mod:`~email.generator` in order to pass formatting parameters to its " +"``flatten`` method. (Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`18600`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`~email.message.Message.as_string` 接受一个 *policy* " +"参数用于在生成其字符串表示形式时重写默认的消息策略。 这意味着 ``as_string`` 现在可以在更多情况下被使用，而不必创建和使用 " +":mod:`~email.generator` 来将已格式化的形参传递给其 ``flatten`` 方法。 （由 R. David Murray 在 " +":issue:`18600` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:801 +msgid "" +"New method :meth:`~email.message.Message.as_bytes` added to produce a bytes " +"representation of the message in a fashion similar to how ``as_string`` " +"produces a string representation. It does not accept the *maxheaderlen* " +"argument, but does accept the *unixfrom* and *policy* arguments. The " +":class:`~email.message.Message` :meth:`~email.message.Message.__bytes__` " +"method calls it, meaning that ``bytes(mymsg)`` will now produce the " +"intuitive result: a bytes object containing the fully formatted message. " +"(Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`18600`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增方法 :meth:`~email.message.Message.as_bytes` 用于产生消息的与 ``as_string`` " +"所产生的字符串表示形式类似的字节串表示形式。 它不接受 *maxheaderlen* 参数，但接受 *unixfrom* 和 *policy* 参数。 " +":class:`~email.message.Message` 的 :meth:`~email.message.Message.__bytes__` " +"方法将调用它，这意味着现在 ``bytes(mymsg)`` 将产生直观的结果：一个包含完整已格式化消息的字节串对象。 （由 R. David " +"Murray 在 :issue:`18600` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:810 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`.Message.set_param` message now accepts a *replace* keyword " +"argument. When specified, the associated header will be updated without " +"changing its location in the list of headers. For backward compatibility, " +"the default is ``False``. (Contributed by R. David Murray in " +":issue:`18891`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`.Message.set_param` 消息接受一个 *replace* 关键字参数。 " +"当指定该参数时，关联的标头将被更新而不会修改其在标头列表中的位置。 为了保持向下兼容，该参数默认值为 ``False``。 （由 R. David " +"Murray 在 :issue:`18891` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:818 +msgid "" +"A pair of new subclasses of :class:`~email.message.Message` have been added " +"(:class:`.EmailMessage` and :class:`.MIMEPart`), along with a new sub-" +"module, :mod:`~email.contentmanager` and a new :mod:`~email.policy` " +"attribute :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager`. All " +"documentation is currently in the new module, which is being added as part " +"of email's new :term:`provisional API`. These classes provide a number of " +"new methods that make extracting content from and inserting content into " +"email messages much easier. For details, see the " +":mod:`~email.contentmanager` documentation and the :ref:`email-examples`. " +"These API additions complete the bulk of the work that was planned as part " +"of the email6 project. The currently provisional API is scheduled to become" +" final in Python 3.5 (possibly with a few minor additions in the area of " +"error handling). (Contributed by R. David Murray in :issue:`18891`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了一对 :class:`~email.message.Message` 的子类 (:class:`.EmailMessage` 和 " +":class:`.MIMEPart`)，以及新的子模块 :mod:`~email.contentmanager` 和新的 " +":mod:`~email.policy` 属性 :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager`。 " +"所有文档目前都在新模块中，它是作为 email 的新 :term:`provisional API` 的一部分添加的。 " +"这些类提供了多个使从内容提取邮件消息和插入内容到消息更容易的新方法。 相关细节，请参阅 :mod:`~email.contentmanager` 文档和" +" :ref:`email-examples`。 这些 API 的加入完成了作为 email6 项目计划组成部分的大部分工作。 目前的暂定 API 计划在" +" Python 3.5 最终确定 (可能在错误处理方面再增加少量内容)。 （由 R. David Murray 在 :issue:`18891` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:834 +msgid "filecmp" +msgstr "filecmp" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:836 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~filecmp.clear_cache` function provides the ability to clear " +"the :mod:`filecmp` comparison cache, which uses :func:`os.stat` information " +"to determine if the file has changed since the last compare. This can be " +"used, for example, if the file might have been changed and re-checked in " +"less time than the resolution of a particular filesystem's file modification" +" time field. (Contributed by Mark Levitt in :issue:`18149`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~filecmp.clear_cache` 函数提供了清除 :mod:`filecmp` 比较缓存的功能，它使用 " +":func:`os.stat` 信息来确定文件自上次比较后是否发生了更改。 " +"例如，如果文件被修改和重新检查的时间短于特定文件系统文件修改时间的精度就可使用这一功能。 （由 Mark Levitt 在 :issue:`18149`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:843 +msgid "" +"New module attribute :const:`~filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES` provides the list of " +"directories that are used as the default value for the *ignore* parameter of" +" the :func:`~filecmp.dircmp` function. (Contributed by Eli Bendersky in " +":issue:`15442`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的模块属性 :const:`~filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES` 提供了作为 :func:`~filecmp.dircmp` 函数的 " +"*ignore* 形参默认值的目录列表。 （由 Eli Bendersky 在 :issue:`15442` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:850 +msgid "functools" +msgstr "functools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:852 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~functools.partialmethod` descriptor brings partial argument " +"application to descriptors, just as :func:`~functools.partial` provides for " +"normal callables. The new descriptor also makes it easier to get arbitrary " +"callables (including :func:`~functools.partial` instances) to behave like " +"normal instance methods when included in a class definition. (Contributed by" +" Alon Horev and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`4331`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~functools.partialmethod` 描述器提供了对描述器的部分参数应用，就像 " +":func:`~functools.partial` 为普通可调用对象提供的一样。 新的描述器还可以让任意可调用对象 （包括 " +":func:`~functools.partial` 实例）在包括在类定义中时表现得像普通的实例方法一样。 （由 Alon Horev 和 Nick " +"Coghlan 在 :issue:`4331` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:861 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~functools.singledispatch` decorator brings support for " +"single-dispatch generic functions to the Python standard library. Where " +"object oriented programming focuses on grouping multiple operations on a " +"common set of data into a class, a generic function focuses on grouping " +"multiple implementations of an operation that allows it to work with " +"*different* kinds of data." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~functools.singledispatch` 装饰器为 Python 标准库带来了对单分派泛型函数的支持。 " +"面向对象编程侧重于将对一组共同数据的多种操作组合到一个类中，而泛型函数则侧重于将一种操作的多个实现组合在一起使其能够处理 *不同* 种类的数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:870 +msgid ":pep:`443` -- Single-dispatch generic functions" +msgstr ":pep:`443` -- 单分派泛型函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:871 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "PEP 由 Łukasz Langa 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:873 +msgid "" +":func:`~functools.total_ordering` now supports a return value of " +":data:`NotImplemented` from the underlying comparison function. " +"(Contributed by Katie Miller in :issue:`10042`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~functools.total_ordering` 支持从下层的比较函数返回 :data:`NotImplemented` " +"作为返回值。 （由 Katie Miller 在 :issue:`10042` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:877 +msgid "" +"A pure-python version of the :func:`~functools.partial` function is now in " +"the stdlib; in CPython it is overridden by the C accelerated version, but it" +" is available for other implementations to use. (Contributed by Brian " +"Thorne in :issue:`12428`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在标准库中增加了 :func:`~functools.partial` 函数的纯 Python 版本；在 CPython 中它会被 C " +"加速版本覆盖，但它以供其他实现来使用。 （由 Brian Thorne 在 :issue:`12428` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:884 +msgid "gc" +msgstr "gc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:886 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~gc.get_stats` returns a list of three per-generation " +"dictionaries containing the collections statistics since interpreter " +"startup. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16351`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`~gc.get_stats` 可返回由三个单独生成字典组成的列表，每个字典均包含自解释器启动以来收集的统计信息。 （由 " +"Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`16351` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:892 +msgid "glob" +msgstr "glob" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:894 +msgid "" +"A new function :func:`~glob.escape` provides a way to escape special " +"characters in a filename so that they do not become part of the globbing " +"expansion but are instead matched literally. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`8402`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :func:`~glob.escape` 提供了为文件名中的特殊字符进行转义的方式以使它们不会成为 glob " +"扩展的组成部分而是按字面值来匹配。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`8402` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:900 +msgid "hashlib" +msgstr "hashlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:902 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` function provides the `PKCS#5 password-" +"based key derivation function 2 `_. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18582`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` 函数提供了 `PKCS#5 基于口令的密钥派生函数 2 " +"`_。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`18582` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:907 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~hashlib.hash.name` attribute of :mod:`hashlib` hash objects is " +"now a formally supported interface. It has always existed in CPython's " +":mod:`hashlib` (although it did not return lower case names for all " +"supported hashes), but it was not a public interface and so some other " +"Python implementations have not previously supported it. (Contributed by " +"Jason R. Coombs in :issue:`18532`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`hashlib` 哈希对象的 :attr:`~hashlib.hash.name` 属性已成为受正式支持的接口。 它一直存在于 " +"CPython 的 :mod:`hashlib` 中（尽管它没有返回所有受支持的哈希算法的小写名称），但它不是一个公开的接口因此其他一些 Python " +"实现以前并不支持它。 （由 Jason R. Coombs 在 :issue:`18532` 中提供。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:916 +msgid "hmac" +msgstr "hmac" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:918 +msgid "" +":mod:`hmac` now accepts ``bytearray`` as well as ``bytes`` for the *key* " +"argument to the :func:`~hmac.new` function, and the *msg* parameter to both " +"the :func:`~hmac.new` function and the :meth:`~hmac.HMAC.update` method now " +"accepts any type supported by the :mod:`hashlib` module. (Contributed by " +"Jonas Borgström in :issue:`18240`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`hmac` 可接受 ``bytearray`` 和 ``bytes`` 作为传给 :func:`~hmac.new` 函数的 " +"*key* 参数，而传给 :func:`~hmac.new` 函数和 :meth:`~hmac.HMAC.update` 方法的 *msg* " +"形参现在可接受 :mod:`hashlib` 模块所支持的任何类型。 （由 Jonas Borgström 的 :issue:`18240` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:924 +msgid "" +"The *digestmod* argument to the :func:`hmac.new` function may now be any " +"hash digest name recognized by :mod:`hashlib`. In addition, the current " +"behavior in which the value of *digestmod* defaults to ``MD5`` is " +"deprecated: in a future version of Python there will be no default value. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`17276`.)" +msgstr "" +"传给 :func:`hmac.new` 函数的 *digestmod* 参数现在可以是 :mod:`hashlib` 能识别的任何哈希摘要名称。 " +"此外，当前将 *digestmod* 默认值设为 ``MD5`` 的行为已被弃用：在未来的 Python 版本中将没有默认值。 （由 Christian" +" Heimes 在 :issue:`17276` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:930 +msgid "" +"With the addition of :attr:`~hmac.HMAC.block_size` and " +":attr:`~hmac.HMAC.name` attributes (and the formal documentation of the " +":attr:`~hmac.HMAC.digest_size` attribute), the :mod:`hmac` module now " +"conforms fully to the :pep:`247` API. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`18775`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于增加了 :attr:`~hmac.HMAC.block_size` 和 :attr:`~hmac.HMAC.name` 属性 （以及 " +":attr:`~hmac.HMAC.digest_size` 属性的正式文档），:mod:`hmac` 模块现在已完全符合 :pep:`247` " +"API。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`18775` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:937 +msgid "html" +msgstr "html" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:939 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~html.unescape` function converts HTML5 character " +"references to the corresponding Unicode characters. (Contributed by Ezio " +"Melotti in :issue:`2927`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`~html.unescape` 用于将 HTML5 字符引用转换为相应的 Unicode 字符。 （由 Ezio " +"Melotti 在 :issue:`2927` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:943 +msgid "" +":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` accepts a new keyword argument " +"*convert_charrefs* that, when ``True``, automatically converts all character" +" references. For backward-compatibility, its value defaults to ``False``, " +"but it will change to ``True`` in a future version of Python, so you are " +"invited to set it explicitly and update your code to use this new feature. " +"(Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`13633`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` 接受新的关键字参数 *convert_charrefs*，当其为 ``True`` " +"时，会自动转换所有字符引用。 为了保持向下兼容，其值默认为 ``False``，但在未来的 Python 版本中将改为 " +"``True``，因此建议你显式地设置它并更新代码以使用这个新特性。 （由 Ezio Melotti 在 :issue:`13633` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:950 +msgid "" +"The *strict* argument of :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` is now deprecated." +" (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`15114`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` 的 *strict* 参数已被弃用。 （由 Ezio Melotti 在 " +":issue:`15114` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:955 +msgid "http" +msgstr "http" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:957 +msgid "" +":meth:`~http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_error` now accepts an " +"optional additional *explain* parameter which can be used to provide an " +"extended error description, overriding the hardcoded default if there is " +"one. This extended error description will be formatted using the " +":attr:`~http.server.HTTP.error_message_format` attribute and sent as the " +"body of the error response. (Contributed by Karl Cow in :issue:`12921`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`~http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_error` 接受可选的附加形参 " +"*explain* 用于提供扩展的错误描述，覆盖可能存在的硬编码的默认值。 这个扩展的描述将使用 " +":attr:`~http.server.HTTP.error_message_format` 进行格式化并作为错误响应体发送。 （由 Karl Cow " +"在 :issue:`12921` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:964 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`http.server` :ref:`command line interface ` now " +"has a ``-b/--bind`` option that causes the server to listen on a specific " +"address. (Contributed by Malte Swart in :issue:`17764`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`http.server` :ref:`命令行界面 ` 增加了一个 ``-b/--bind`` " +"选项用于让服务器在指定的地址上进行监听。 （由 Malte Swart 在 :issue:`17764` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:970 +msgid "idlelib and IDLE" +msgstr "idlelib 与 IDLE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:972 +msgid "" +"Since idlelib implements the IDLE shell and editor and is not intended for " +"import by other programs, it gets improvements with every release. See " +":file:`Lib/idlelib/NEWS.txt` for a cumulative list of changes since 3.3.0, " +"as well as changes made in future 3.4.x releases. This file is also " +"available from the IDLE :menuselection:`Help --> About IDLE` dialog." +msgstr "" +"由于 idlelib 实现了 IDLE 命令行界面和编辑器且不应被其他程序导入，它将随每个发布版获得改进。 请参阅 " +":file:`Lib/idlelib/NEWS.txt` 查看 3.3.0 以来的累积变化列表，以及未来 3.4.x 发布版即将发生的变化。 " +"此文件也可通过 IDLE :menuselection:`Help --> About IDLE` 对话框来查看。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:980 +msgid "importlib" +msgstr "importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:982 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader` ABC defines a new method, " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code` that accepts source data" +" and a path and returns a code object. The default implementation is " +"equivalent to ``compile(data, path, 'exec', dont_inherit=True)``. " +"(Contributed by Eric Snow and Brett Cannon in :issue:`15627`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader` ABC 定义了一个新方法 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code`，它接受源数据和一个路径并返回一个代码对象。 " +"其默认实现等价于 ``compile(data, path, 'exec', dont_inherit=True)``。 （由 Eric Snow 和 " +"Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`15627` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:988 +msgid "" +":class:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader` also now has a default implementation " +"for the :meth:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader.get_code` method. However, it " +"will normally be desirable to override the default implementation for " +"performance reasons. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`18072`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader` 也具有 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.InspectLoader.get_code` 方法的默认实现。 不过，出于性能原因通常需要重写默认实现。 " +"（由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`18072` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:993 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~importlib.reload` function has been moved from :mod:`!imp` to " +":mod:`importlib` as part of the :mod:`!imp` module deprecation. " +"(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`18193`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于 :mod:`!imp` 模块被弃用 :func:`~importlib.reload` 函数已从 :mod:`!imp` 移至 " +":mod:`importlib`。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`18193` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:997 +msgid "" +":mod:`importlib.util` now has a :const:`~importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER` " +"attribute providing access to the bytecode version number. This replaces " +"the :func:`!get_magic` function in the deprecated :mod:`!imp` module. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`18192`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`importlib.util` 有一个 :const:`~importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER` " +"属性提供对字节码版本号的访问。 该属性将取代已弃用的 :mod:`!imp` 模块中的 :func:`!get_magic` 函数。 （由 Brett " +"Cannon 在 :issue:`18192` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1002 +msgid "" +"New :mod:`importlib.util` functions " +":func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` and " +":func:`~importlib.util.source_from_cache` replace the same-named functions " +"in the deprecated :mod:`!imp` module. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in " +":issue:`18194`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`importlib.util` 函数 :func:`~importlib.util.cache_from_source` 和 " +":func:`~importlib.util.source_from_cache` 替换了已弃用的 :mod:`!imp` 模块中的同名函数。 （由 " +"Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`18194` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1007 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`importlib` bootstrap :class:`.NamespaceLoader` now conforms to the" +" :class:`.InspectLoader` ABC, which means that ``runpy`` and ``python -m`` " +"can now be used with namespace packages. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in " +":issue:`18058`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`importlib` 将以符合 :class:`.InspectLoader` ABC 的方式初始设置 " +":class:`.NamespaceLoader`，这意味着 ``runpy `` 和``python -m`` 现在可以与命名空间包一起使用。 （由 " +"Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`18058` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1012 +msgid "" +":mod:`importlib.util` has a new function " +":func:`~importlib.util.decode_source` that decodes source from bytes using " +"universal newline processing. This is useful for implementing " +":meth:`.InspectLoader.get_source` methods." +msgstr "" +":mod:`importlib.util` 中新增的函数 :func:`~importlib.util.decode_source` " +"可使用通用换行处理方式从字节数据中解码源代码。 这适用于实现 :meth:`.InspectLoader.get_source` 方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1016 +msgid "" +":class:`importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader` now has a " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader.get_filename` method. This " +"was inadvertently omitted in the original implementation. (Contributed by " +"Eric Snow in :issue:`19152`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader` 增加了 " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader.get_filename` 方法。 " +"此方法在最初的实现中意外缺失。 （由 Eric Snow 在 :issue:`19152` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1023 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1025 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`inspect` module now offers a basic :ref:`command line interface " +"` to quickly display source code and other information " +"for modules, classes and functions. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa and Nick " +"Coghlan in :issue:`18626`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`inspect` 模块提供了一个基本的 :ref:`命令行界面 ` " +"用于快速显示模块、类和函数的源代码以及其他信息。 （由 Claudiu Popa 和 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`18626` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1030 +msgid "" +":func:`~inspect.unwrap` makes it easy to unravel wrapper function chains " +"created by :func:`functools.wraps` (and any other API that sets the " +"``__wrapped__`` attribute on a wrapper function). (Contributed by Daniel " +"Urban, Aaron Iles and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`13266`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~inspect.unwrap` 用于方便地解开由 :func:`functools.wraps` (以及任何在包装器函数上设置 " +"``__wrapped__`` 属性的 API) 创建的包装器函数链。 （由 Daniel Urban, Aaron Iles 和 Nick " +"Coghlan 在 :issue:`13266` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1035 +msgid "" +"As part of the implementation of the new :mod:`enum` module, the " +":mod:`inspect` module now has substantially better support for custom " +"``__dir__`` methods and dynamic class attributes provided through " +"metaclasses. (Contributed by Ethan Furman in :issue:`18929` and " +":issue:`19030`.)" +msgstr "" +"作为新的 :mod:`enum` 模块实现的一部分，现在 :mod:`inspect` 模块通过元类为自定义 ``__dir__`` " +"方法和动态类属性提供了更好的支持。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 :issue:`18929` 和 :issue:`19030` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1041 +msgid "" +":func:`~inspect.getfullargspec` and :func:`~inspect.getargspec` now use the " +":func:`~inspect.signature` API. This allows them to support a much broader " +"range of callables, including those with ``__signature__`` attributes, those" +" with metadata provided by argument clinic, :func:`functools.partial` " +"objects and more. Note that, unlike :func:`~inspect.signature`, these " +"functions still ignore ``__wrapped__`` attributes, and report the already " +"bound first argument for bound methods, so it is still necessary to update " +"your code to use :func:`~inspect.signature` directly if those features are " +"desired. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`17481`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~inspect.getfullargspec` 和 :func:`~inspect.getargspec` 将使用 " +":func:`~inspect.signature` API。 这允许它们支持更多种类的可调用对象，包括具有 ``__signature__`` " +"属性的、具有通过 argument clinic 提供元数据的、:func:`functools.partial` 对象等等。 请注意，不同于 " +":func:`~inspect.signature`，这些函数仍然会忽略 ``__wrapped__`` " +"属性，并会报告绑定方法已绑定的第一个参数，所以如果想要这些特性的话你仍然需要更新你的代码以直接使用 " +":func:`~inspect.signature`。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`17481` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1052 +msgid "" +":func:`~inspect.signature` now supports duck types of CPython functions, " +"which adds support for functions compiled with Cython. (Contributed by " +"Stefan Behnel and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`17159`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~inspect.signature` 支持 CPython 函数的鸭子类型，它增加了对使用 Cython 编译的函数的支持。 （由" +" Stefan Behnel 和 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`17159` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1058 +msgid "ipaddress" +msgstr "ipaddress" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1060 +msgid "" +":mod:`ipaddress` was added to the standard library in Python 3.3 as a " +":term:`provisional API`. With the release of Python 3.4, this qualification " +"has been removed: :mod:`ipaddress` is now considered a stable API, covered " +"by the normal standard library requirements to maintain backwards " +"compatibility." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ipaddress` 已在 Python 3.3 中作为 :term:`provisional API` 被添加到标准库。 随着 " +"Python 3.4 的发布，此限定已被移除：现在 :mod:`ipaddress` 属于稳定 API，由常规的标准库需求所覆盖以维护向下兼容性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1066 +msgid "" +"A new :attr:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global` property is ``True`` if an " +"address is globally routeable. (Contributed by Peter Moody in " +":issue:`17400`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果一个地址是全局可路由的则新增的 :attr:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global` 属性将为 ``True``。 （由" +" Peter Moody 在 :issue:`17400` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1072 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1074 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler` has a new *atTime* " +"parameter that can be used to specify the time of day when rollover should " +"happen. (Contributed by Ronald Oussoren in :issue:`9556`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler` 新增的 *atTime* " +"形参可被用于指定每日要执行日志文件轮转的时间。 （由 Ronald Oussoren 在 :issue:`9556` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1078 +msgid "" +":class:`~logging.handlers.SocketHandler` and " +":class:`~logging.handlers.DatagramHandler` now support Unix domain sockets " +"(by setting *port* to ``None``). (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in commit " +"ce46195b56a9.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~logging.handlers.SocketHandler` 和 " +":class:`~logging.handlers.DatagramHandler` 已支持 Unix 域套接字 (通过将 *port* 设为 " +"``None``)。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 commit ce46195b56a9 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1083 +msgid "" +":func:`~logging.config.fileConfig` now accepts a " +":class:`configparser.RawConfigParser` subclass instance for the *fname* " +"parameter. This facilitates using a configuration file when logging " +"configuration is just a part of the overall application configuration, or " +"where the application modifies the configuration before passing it to " +":func:`~logging.config.fileConfig`. (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in " +":issue:`16110`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~logging.config.fileConfig` 接受一个 " +":class:`configparser.RawConfigParser` 子类实例作为 *fname* 形参。 " +"这有助于在日志配置只是整体应用程序配置的一部分，或者在将配置传递给 :func:`~logging.config.fileConfig` " +"之前对其进行了修改时使用配置文件。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`16110` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1091 +msgid "" +"Logging configuration data received from a socket via the " +":func:`logging.config.listen` function can now be validated before being " +"processed by supplying a verification function as the argument to the new " +"*verify* keyword argument. (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`15452`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在通过 :func:`logging.config.listen` 函数从套接字接收的日志配置数据可以在处理前以将验证函数作为参数提供给新的 " +"*verify* 关键字参数 的方式执行验证。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`15452` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1100 +msgid "marshal" +msgstr "marshal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"The default :mod:`marshal` version has been bumped to 3. The code " +"implementing the new version restores the Python2 behavior of recording only" +" one copy of interned strings and preserving the interning on " +"deserialization, and extends this \"one copy\" ability to any object type " +"(including handling recursive references). This reduces both the size of " +"``.pyc`` files and the amount of memory a module occupies in memory when it " +"is loaded from a ``.pyc`` (or ``.pyo``) file. (Contributed by Kristján " +"Valur Jónsson in :issue:`16475`, with additional speedups by Antoine Pitrou " +"in :issue:`19219`.)" +msgstr "" +"默认的 :mod:`marshal` 版本已被提升至 3。 新版本的代码实现恢复了 Python2 " +"行为即只记录内联字符串的一份副本并在反序列化时保留内联状态，并将此“一份副本”功能扩展到任何对象类型（包括处理递归引用）。 这既减少了 ``.pyc``" +" 文件的大小也减少了模块从 ``.pyc`` (或``.pyo``) 文件加载时占用的内存量。 （由 Kristján Valur Jónsson 在 " +":issue:`16475` 中贡献，并由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`19219` 中提供进一步的加速。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1113 +msgid "mmap" +msgstr "mmap" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"mmap objects are now :ref:`weakly referenceable `. (Contributed" +" by Valerie Lambert in :issue:`4885`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 mmap 对象将是 :ref:`可弱引用的 `。 （由 Valerie Lambert 在 :issue:`4885` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1120 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1124 +msgid "" +"On Unix two new :ref:`start methods `, " +"``spawn`` and ``forkserver``, have been added for starting processes using " +":mod:`multiprocessing`. These make the mixing of processes with threads " +"more robust, and the ``spawn`` method matches the semantics that " +"multiprocessing has always used on Windows. New function " +":func:`~multiprocessing.get_all_start_methods` reports all start methods " +"available on the platform, :func:`~multiprocessing.get_start_method` reports" +" the current start method, and :func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` " +"sets the start method. (Contributed by Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`8713`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上新增了两个 :ref:`启动方法 ` ``spawn`` 和 " +"``forkserver`` 可使用 :mod:`multiprocessing` 来启动进程。 这两个方法使得进程和线程的混合更为健壮，并且 " +"``spawn`` 方法可以匹配 multiprocessing 在 Windows 上一直使用的语法。 新增的函数 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.get_all_start_methods` " +"可报告平台上可用的所有启动方法，:func:`~multiprocessing.get_start_method` 可报告当前的启动方法，而 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.set_start_method` 可设置启动方法。 （由 Richard Oudkerk 在 " +":issue:`8713` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1134 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing` also now has the concept of a ``context``, which " +"determines how child processes are created. New function " +":func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` returns a context that uses a specified" +" start method. It has the same API as the :mod:`multiprocessing` module " +"itself, so you can use it to create :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool`\\ s " +"and other objects that will operate within that context. This allows a " +"framework and an application or different parts of the same application to " +"use multiprocessing without interfering with each other. (Contributed by " +"Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`18999`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`multiprocessing` 还具有 ``上下文`` 的概念，它决定了子进程的创建方式。 新增的函数 " +":func:`~multiprocessing.get_context` 可返回一个使用指定启动方法的上下文。 它具有与 " +":mod:`multiprocessing` 模块本身一致的 API，因此你可以使用它来创建 " +":class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool` 和其他在上下文中执行操作的对象。 " +"这允许一个框架和某个应用程序或相同应用程序的不同部分使用多进程而不会彼此干扰。 （由 Richard Oudkerk 在 :issue:`18999` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"Except when using the old *fork* start method, child processes no longer " +"inherit unneeded handles/file descriptors from their parents (part of " +":issue:`8713`)." +msgstr "除非是在使用旧的 *fork* 启动方法，子进程将不再从其父进程继承不需要的句柄/文件描述符 (:issue:`8713` 的一部分)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1148 +msgid "" +":mod:`multiprocessing` now relies on :mod:`runpy` (which implements the " +"``-m`` switch) to initialise ``__main__`` appropriately in child processes " +"when using the ``spawn`` or ``forkserver`` start methods. This resolves some" +" edge cases where combining multiprocessing, the ``-m`` command line switch," +" and explicit relative imports could cause obscure failures in child " +"processes. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`19946`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当使用 ``spawn`` 或 ``forkserver`` 启动方法时 :mod:`multiprocessing` 依赖于 " +":mod:`runpy` (它实现了 ``-m`` 开关) 在子进程中正确地初始化 ``__main__``。 " +"这解决了一些合并多进程操作中，``-m`` 命令行开关和显式相对导入可能在子进程中导致失败的边缘场景问题。 （由 Nick Coghlan 在 " +":issue:`19946` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1157 +msgid "operator" +msgstr "operator" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1159 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~operator.length_hint` provides an implementation of the" +" specification for how the :meth:`~object.__length_hint__` special method " +"should be used, as part of the :pep:`424` formal specification of this " +"language feature. (Contributed by Armin Ronacher in :issue:`16148`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`~operator.length_hint` 提供了应当如何使用 " +":meth:`~object.__length_hint__` 特殊方法的规范实现，作为该语言特性的 :pep:`424` 正式规范说明的一部分。 （由" +" Armin Ronacher 在 :issue:`16148` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1164 +msgid "" +"There is now a pure-python version of the :mod:`operator` module available " +"for reference and for use by alternate implementations of Python. " +"(Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`16694`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在提供了一个纯 Python 版本的 :mod:`operator` 模块，可用于参考并由 Python 的其他实现使用。 （由 Zachary " +"Ware 在 :issue:`16694` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1170 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"There are new functions to get and set the :ref:`inheritable flag " +"` of a file descriptor (:func:`os.get_inheritable`, " +":func:`os.set_inheritable`) or a Windows handle " +"(:func:`os.get_handle_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable`)." +msgstr "" +"新增一些函数用于获取和设置文件描述符或 Windows 句柄的 :ref:`可继承旗标 ` " +"(:func:`os.get_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_inheritable`) 或 " +"(:func:`os.get_handle_inheritable`, :func:`os.set_handle_inheritable`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~os.cpu_count` reports the number of CPUs available on " +"the platform on which Python is running (or ``None`` if the count can't be " +"determined). The :func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count` function is now " +"implemented in terms of this function). (Contributed by Trent Nelson, " +"Yogesh Chaudhari, Victor Stinner, and Charles-François Natali in " +":issue:`17914`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :func:`~os.cpu_count` 可报告 Python 运行所在平台上可用 CPU 的数量 (如果无法确定数量则为 " +"``None``)。 现在 :func:`multiprocessing.cpu_count` 函数是根据此函数实现的。 （由 Trent " +"Nelson, Yogesh Chaudhari, Victor Stinner 和 Charles-François Natali 在 " +":issue:`17914` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1183 +msgid "" +":func:`os.path.samestat` is now available on the Windows platform (and the " +":func:`os.path.samefile` implementation is now shared between Unix and " +"Windows). (Contributed by Brian Curtin in :issue:`11939`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`os.path.samestat` 将在 Windows 平台上可用（并且现在 :func:`os.path.samefile` " +"实现可在 Unix 和 Windows 间共享）。 （由 Brian Curtin 在 :issue:`11939` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1187 +msgid "" +":func:`os.path.ismount` now recognizes volumes mounted below a drive root on" +" Windows. (Contributed by Tim Golden in :issue:`9035`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`os.path.ismount` 可识别 Windows 中在驱动器根目录下加载的卷。 （由 Tim Golden 在 " +":issue:`9035` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1190 +msgid "" +":func:`os.open` supports two new flags on platforms that provide them, " +":const:`~os.O_PATH` (un-opened file descriptor), and :const:`~os.O_TMPFILE` " +"(unnamed temporary file; as of 3.4.0 release available only on Linux systems" +" with a kernel version of 3.11 or newer that have uapi headers). " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18673` and Benjamin Peterson, " +"respectively.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.open` 在受支持的平台上提供了两个新旗标 :const:`~os.O_PATH` (未打开的文件描述符) 和 " +":const:`~os.O_TMPFILE` (未命名的临时文件；因为 3.4.0 发布版仅在具有 uapi 标头的内核版本 3.11 或更新的 " +"Linux 系统上可用)。 （分别由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`18673` 中以及 Benjamin Peterson " +"贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1198 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1200 +msgid "" +":mod:`pdb` has been enhanced to handle generators, :keyword:`yield`, and " +"``yield from`` in a more useful fashion. This is especially helpful when " +"debugging :mod:`asyncio` based programs. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov and" +" Xavier de Gaye in :issue:`16596`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pdb` 已被增强以通过更有用的方式来处理生成器, :keyword:`yield` 和 ``yield from``。 这在调试基于 " +":mod:`asyncio` 的程序时特别有帮助。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 和 Xavier de Gaye 在 " +":issue:`16596` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"The ``print`` command has been removed from :mod:`pdb`, restoring access to " +"the Python :func:`print` function from the pdb command line. Python2's " +"``pdb`` did not have a ``print`` command; instead, entering ``print`` " +"executed the ``print`` statement. In Python3 ``print`` was mistakenly made " +"an alias for the pdb :pdbcmd:`p` command. ``p``, however, prints the " +"``repr`` of its argument, not the ``str`` like the Python2 ``print`` command" +" did. Worse, the Python3 ``pdb print`` command shadowed the Python3 " +"``print`` function, making it inaccessible at the ``pdb`` prompt. " +"(Contributed by Connor Osborn in :issue:`18764`.)" +msgstr "" +"``print`` 命令已从 :mod:`pdb` 中移除，恢复了从 pdb 命令行对 Python :func:`print` 函数的访问。 " +"Python2 的 ``pdb`` 没有 ``print`` 命令；而是会在输入 ``print`` 时执行 ``print`` 语句。 在 " +"Python3 中 ``print`` 被错误地设为 pdb :pdbcmd:`p` 命令的别名。 然而，``p`` 会打印其参数的 " +"``repr``，而不是像 Python2 ``print`` 命令那样打印其参数的 ``str``。 更糟糕的是，Python3 ``pdb " +"print`` 命令会覆盖 Python3 ``print`` 函数，导致其在 ``pdb`` 提示符下无法被访问。 （由 Connor Osborn " +"在 :issue:`18764` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1219 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1221 +msgid "" +":mod:`pickle` now supports (but does not use by default) a new pickle " +"protocol, protocol 4. This new protocol addresses a number of issues that " +"were present in previous protocols, such as the serialization of nested " +"classes, very large strings and containers, and classes whose " +":meth:`__new__` method takes keyword-only arguments. It also provides some " +"efficiency improvements." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`pickle` 支持（但默认不使用）新的 pickle 协议即协议 4。 " +"这个新协议解决了在之前版本中存在的多个问题，例如嵌套类、超长字符串和容器、以及 :meth:`__new__` 方法接受仅限关键字参数的类的序列化。 " +"它还提供了一些效率上的改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1229 +msgid ":pep:`3154` -- Pickle protocol 4" +msgstr ":pep:`3154` -- pickle 协议 4" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1230 +msgid "PEP written by Antoine Pitrou and implemented by Alexandre Vassalotti." +msgstr "PEP 由 Antoine Pitrou 撰写，并由 Alexandre Vassalotti 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1234 +msgid "plistlib" +msgstr "plistlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1236 +msgid "" +":mod:`plistlib` now has an API that is similar to the standard pattern for " +"stdlib serialization protocols, with new :func:`~plistlib.load`, " +":func:`~plistlib.dump`, :func:`~plistlib.loads`, and :func:`~plistlib.dumps`" +" functions. (The older API is now deprecated.) In addition to the already " +"supported XML plist format (:const:`~plistlib.FMT_XML`), it also now " +"supports the binary plist format (:const:`~plistlib.FMT_BINARY`). " +"(Contributed by Ronald Oussoren and others in :issue:`14455`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`plistlib` 个具有与 stdlib 序列化协议标准模式类似的 API，使用新的 :func:`~plistlib.load`," +" :func:`~plistlib.dump`, :func:`~plistlib.loads` 和 :func:`~plistlib.dumps` " +"函数。 (旧 API 现已被弃用。) 除了已受支持的 XML plist 格式 " +"(:const:`~plistlib.FMT_XML`)，现在它还支持二进制 plist 格式 " +"(:const:`~plistlib.FMT_BINARY`)。 （由 Ronald Oussoren 等人在 :issue:`14455` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1246 +msgid "poplib" +msgstr "poplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1248 +msgid "" +"Two new methods have been added to :mod:`poplib`: :meth:`~poplib.POP3.capa`," +" which returns the list of capabilities advertised by the POP server, and " +":meth:`~poplib.POP3.stls`, which switches a clear-text POP3 session into an " +"encrypted POP3 session if the POP server supports it. (Contributed by " +"Lorenzo Catucci in :issue:`4473`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`poplib` 中新增了两个方法: :meth:`~poplib.POP3.capa`，它将返回 POP 服务器公开的功能列表，以及 " +":meth:`~poplib.POP3.stls`，它将在 POP 支持的情况下将明文 POP3 会话切换为加密 POP3 会话。 （由 Lorenzo" +" Catucci 在 :issue:`4473` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1256 +msgid "pprint" +msgstr "pprint" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1258 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pprint` module's :class:`~pprint.PrettyPrinter` class and its " +":func:`~pprint.pformat`, and :func:`~pprint.pprint` functions have a new " +"option, *compact*, that controls how the output is formatted. Currently " +"setting *compact* to ``True`` means that sequences will be printed with as " +"many sequence elements as will fit within *width* on each (indented) line. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19132`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pprint` 模块的 :class:`~pprint.PrettyPrinter` 类以及 :func:`~pprint.pformat`" +" 和 :func:`~pprint.pprint` 函数新增了一个选项 *compact*，它可控制输出所使用的格式。 目前将 *compact* 设为" +" ``True`` 表示打印序列时将在每个（缩进的）行中放入 *width* 所允许的尽可能多的元素。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`19132` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"Long strings are now wrapped using Python's normal line continuation syntax." +" (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`17150`.)" +msgstr "" +"长字符串现在将使用 Python 的常规续行语法进行包装。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`17150` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1270 +msgid "pty" +msgstr "pty" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1272 +msgid "" +":func:`pty.spawn` now returns the status value from :func:`os.waitpid` on " +"the child process, instead of ``None``. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`pty.spawn` 将返回来自子进程上 :func:`os.waitpid` 的状态值，而不是 ``None``。 （由 " +"Gregory P. Smith 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1277 +msgid "pydoc" +msgstr "pydoc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1279 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pydoc` module is now based directly on the " +":func:`inspect.signature` introspection API, allowing it to provide " +"signature information for a wider variety of callable objects. This change " +"also means that ``__wrapped__`` attributes are now taken into account when " +"displaying help information. (Contributed by Larry Hastings in " +":issue:`19674`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`pydoc` 模块是直接基于 :func:`inspect.signature` 内省 API，这允许它提供更多可调用对象的签名信息。" +" 这一改变也意味着现在当显示帮助信息时 ``__wrapped__`` 属性也会被纳入考虑。 （由 Larry Hastings 在 " +":issue:`19674` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1285 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pydoc` module no longer displays the ``self`` parameter for " +"already bound methods. Instead, it aims to always display the exact current " +"signature of the supplied callable. (Contributed by Larry Hastings in " +":issue:`20710`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pydoc` 模块将不再显示已绑定方法的 ``self`` 形参。 现在，它总是会显示所提供可调用对象实际的当前签名。 （由 Larry " +"Hastings 在 :issue:`20710` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1290 +msgid "" +"In addition to the changes that have been made to :mod:`pydoc` directly, its" +" handling of custom ``__dir__`` methods and various descriptor behaviours " +"has also been improved substantially by the underlying changes in the " +":mod:`inspect` module." +msgstr "" +"除了 :mod:`pydoc` 已有的直接修改，它对自定义 ``__dir__`` 方法和各种描述器行为的处理也通过对下层 :mod:`inspect`" +" 模块的修改获得了显著的改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1295 +msgid "" +"As the :func:`help` builtin is based on :mod:`pydoc`, the above changes also" +" affect the behaviour of :func:`help`." +msgstr "由于 :func:`help` 内置函数是基于 :mod:`pydoc` 的，上述的变化也会影响 :func:`help` 的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1300 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"New :func:`~re.fullmatch` function and :meth:`.regex.fullmatch` method " +"anchor the pattern at both ends of the string to match. This provides a way" +" to be explicit about the goal of the match, which avoids a class of subtle " +"bugs where ``$`` characters get lost during code changes or the addition of " +"alternatives to an existing regular expression. (Contributed by Matthew " +"Barnett in :issue:`16203`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~re.fullmatch` 函数和 :meth:`.regex.fullmatch` 方法可将模式锚定到要匹配的字符串的两端。 " +"这提供了一种明确匹配目标的方式，从而避免了一类微妙的错误错误，即在代码更改或为现有正则表达式添加替代项时丢失 ``$`` 字符。 （由 Matthew " +"Barnett 在 :issue:`16203` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1309 +msgid "" +"The repr of :ref:`regex objects ` now includes the pattern and " +"the flags; the repr of :ref:`match objects ` now includes the" +" start, end, and the part of the string that matched. (Contributed by Hugo " +"Lopes Tavares and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`13592` and :issue:`17087`.)" +msgstr "" +":ref:`正则表达式对象 ` 的 repr 现在将包括模式和旗标；:ref:`匹配对象 ` 的 " +"repr 现在将包括已匹配字符串的开头、末尾和组成。 （由 Hugo Lopes Tavares 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`13592` 和 :issue:`17087` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1317 +msgid "resource" +msgstr "resource" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"New :func:`~resource.prlimit` function, available on Linux platforms with a " +"kernel version of 2.6.36 or later and glibc of 2.13 or later, provides the " +"ability to query or set the resource limits for processes other than the one" +" making the call. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16595`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~resource.prlimit` 函数，在内核版本 2.6.36 以上的 Linux 平台及 glibc 版本 2.13 " +"以上可用，提供了查询或设置执行调用的进程以外的进程的资源限制的功能。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`16595` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1324 +msgid "" +"On Linux kernel version 2.6.36 or later, there are also some new Linux " +"specific constants: :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE`, " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_NICE`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTPRIO`, " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTTIME`, and :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING`. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`19324`.)" +msgstr "" +"在内核版本 2.6.36 以上的 Linux 上，新增了一些 Linux 专属的常量: " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_NICE`, " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTPRIO`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTTIME` 和 " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING`。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`19324` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1330 +msgid "" +"On FreeBSD version 9 and later, there some new FreeBSD specific constants: " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SBSIZE`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SWAP`, and " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_NPTS`. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in " +":issue:`19343`.)" +msgstr "" +"在版本 9 以上的 FreeBSD 上，新增了一些 FreeBSD 专属的常量: :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SBSIZE`, " +":const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SWAP` 和 :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_NPTS`。 （由 Claudiu " +"Popa 在 :issue:`19343` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1337 +msgid "select" +msgstr "select" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1339 +msgid "" +":class:`~select.epoll` objects now support the context management protocol. " +"When used in a :keyword:`with` statement, the :meth:`~select.epoll.close` " +"method will be called automatically at the end of the block. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16488`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~select.epoll` 对象可支持上下文管理协议。 当在 :keyword:`with` " +"语句中使用时，:meth:`~select.epoll.close` 方法将在代码块结束时被自动调用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`16488` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1344 +msgid "" +":class:`~select.devpoll` objects now have :meth:`~select.devpoll.fileno` and" +" :meth:`~select.devpoll.close` methods, as well as a new attribute " +":attr:`~select.devpoll.closed`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`18794`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~select.devpoll` 对象具有 :meth:`~select.devpoll.fileno` 和 " +":meth:`~select.devpoll.close` 方法，以及新的属性 :attr:`~select.devpoll.closed`。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`18794` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1351 +msgid "shelve" +msgstr "shelve" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1353 +msgid "" +":class:`~shelve.Shelf` instances may now be used in :keyword:`with` " +"statements, and will be automatically closed at the end of the " +":keyword:`!with` block. (Contributed by Filip Gruszczyński in " +":issue:`13896`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~shelve.Shelf` 实例可以在 :keyword:`with` 语句中使用，并将在 :keyword:`!with` " +"代码块结束时自动关闭。 （由 Filip Gruszczyński 在 :issue:`13896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1359 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1361 +msgid "" +":func:`~shutil.copyfile` now raises a specific :exc:`~shutil.Error` " +"subclass, :exc:`~shutil.SameFileError`, when the source and destination are " +"the same file, which allows an application to take appropriate action on " +"this specific error. (Contributed by Atsuo Ishimoto and Hynek Schlawack in " +":issue:`1492704`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当源和目标为相同文件时 :func:`~shutil.copyfile` 会引发专门的 :exc:`~shutil.Error` 子类 " +":exc:`~shutil.SameFileError`，这允许应用程序针对这个特定错误采取适当的动作。 （由 Atsuo Ishimoto 和 " +"Hynek Schlawack 在 :issue:`1492704` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1369 +msgid "smtpd" +msgstr "smtpd" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1371 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!SMTPServer` and :class:`!SMTPChannel` classes now accept a " +"*map* keyword argument which, if specified, is passed in to " +":class:`!asynchat.async_chat` as its *map* argument. This allows an " +"application to avoid affecting the global socket map. (Contributed by Vinay" +" Sajip in :issue:`11959`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!SMTPServer` 和 :class:`!SMTPChannel` 类接受一个 *map* " +"关键字参数，如果指定了该参数，它将被传给 :class:`!asynchat.async_chat` 作为其 *map* 参数。 " +"这允许应用程序避免影响全局套接字映射表。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`11959` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1379 +msgid "smtplib" +msgstr "smtplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1381 +msgid "" +":exc:`~smtplib.SMTPException` is now a subclass of :exc:`OSError`, which " +"allows both socket level errors and SMTP protocol level errors to be caught " +"in one try/except statement by code that only cares whether or not an error " +"occurred. (Contributed by Ned Jackson Lovely in :issue:`2118`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :exc:`~smtplib.SMTPException` 是 :exc:`OSError` 的子类，它允许仅需关注是否有错误发生的代码在一个 " +"try/except 语句中同时捕获套接字级错误和 SMTP 协议级错误。 （由 Ned Jackson Lovely 在 :issue:`2118` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1388 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1390 +msgid "" +"The socket module now supports the :const:`~socket.CAN_BCM` protocol on " +"platforms that support it. (Contributed by Brian Thorne in :issue:`15359`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 socket 模块会在受支持的平台上支持 :const:`~socket.CAN_BCM` 协议。 （由 Brian Thorne 在 " +":issue:`15359` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1393 +msgid "" +"Socket objects have new methods to get or set their :ref:`inheritable flag " +"`, :meth:`~socket.socket.get_inheritable` and " +":meth:`~socket.socket.set_inheritable`." +msgstr "" +"Socket 对象新增了用于获取或设置其 :ref:`可继承旗标 ` " +"的方法，:meth:`~socket.socket.get_inheritable` 和 " +":meth:`~socket.socket.set_inheritable`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1397 +msgid "" +"The ``socket.AF_*`` and ``socket.SOCK_*`` constants are now enumeration " +"values using the new :mod:`enum` module. This allows meaningful names to be" +" printed during debugging, instead of integer \"magic numbers\"." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``socket.AF_*`` 和 ``socket.SOCK_*`` 常量是使用了新增的 :mod:`enum` 模块的枚举值。 " +"这允许在调试期间打印有意义的名称，而不是整数形式的“魔法数字”。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1401 +msgid "The :const:`~socket.AF_LINK` constant is now available on BSD and OSX." +msgstr "现在 :const:`~socket.AF_LINK` 常量将在 BSD 和 OSX 上可用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1403 +msgid "" +":func:`~socket.inet_pton` and :func:`~socket.inet_ntop` are now supported on" +" Windows. (Contributed by Atsuo Ishimoto in :issue:`7171`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~socket.inet_pton` 和 :func:`~socket.inet_ntop` 在 Windows 上已受到支持。 " +"（由 Atsuo Ishimoto 在 :issue:`7171` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1408 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"A new boolean parameter to the :func:`~sqlite3.connect` function, *uri*, can" +" be used to indicate that the *database* parameter is a ``uri`` (see the " +"`SQLite URI documentation `_). " +"(Contributed by poq in :issue:`13773`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~sqlite3.connect` 函数新增布尔值形参 *uri*，它可被用来指明 *database* 形参是一个 ``uri`` " +"(参见 `SQLite URI 文档 `_)。 （由 poq 在 " +":issue:`13773` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1417 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1421 +msgid "" +":data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1` and :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2` (TLSv1.1 and" +" TLSv1.2 support) have been added; support for these protocols is only " +"available if Python is linked with OpenSSL 1.0.1 or later. (Contributed by " +"Michele Orrù and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16692`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1` 和 :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2` (TLSv1.1 和" +" TLSv1.2 支持)；对这些协议的支持仅在 Python 使用 OpenSSL 1.0.1 或更高版本链接时可用。 （由 Michele Orrù " +"和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`16692` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1428 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~ssl.create_default_context` provides a standard way to " +"obtain an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` whose settings are intended to be a " +"reasonable balance between compatibility and security. These settings are " +"more stringent than the defaults provided by the :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` " +"constructor, and may be adjusted in the future, without prior deprecation, " +"if best-practice security requirements change. The new recommended best " +"practice for using stdlib libraries that support SSL is to use " +":func:`~ssl.create_default_context` to obtain an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` " +"object, modify it if needed, and then pass it as the *context* argument of " +"the appropriate stdlib API. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`19689`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`~ssl.create_default_context` 提供了获取 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` " +"的标准方式，其设置旨在合理兼顾兼容性和安全性。 这些设置比 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` " +"构造器所提供的默认设置更为严格，如果最佳实践的安全要求发生变化，将来可能会对其进行调整，而不预先提示弃用。 对于使用支持 SSL 的 stdlib " +"库来新推荐的最佳实践是使用 :func:`~ssl.create_default_context` 来获取 " +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 对象，必要时对其进行修改，然后将其作为相应 stdlib API 的 *contex* 参数传入。 " +"（由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`19689` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1440 +msgid "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` method " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_verify_locations` accepts a new optional " +"argument *cadata*, which can be used to provide PEM or DER encoded " +"certificates directly via strings or bytes, respectively. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :issue:`18138`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 方法 :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_verify_locations` " +"接受新增的可选参数 *cadata*，它可被来分别通过字符串或字节串来直接提供 PEM 或 DER 编码的证书。 （由 Christian Heimes" +" 在 :issue:`18138` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1445 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~ssl.get_default_verify_paths` returns a named tuple of " +"the paths and environment variables that the " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths` method uses to set " +"OpenSSL's default ``cafile`` and ``capath``. This can be an aid in " +"debugging default verification issues. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`18143`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的函数 :func:`~ssl.get_default_verify_paths` 可返回一个由路径和环境变量组成的具名元组， 供 " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths` 方法用来设置 OpenSSL 的默认 " +"``cafile`` 和``capath``。 这有助于对默认的验证问题进行调试。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`18143` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1452 +msgid "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` has a new method, " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.cert_store_stats`, that reports the number of loaded " +"``X.509`` certs, ``X.509 CA`` certs, and certificate revocation lists " +"(``crl``\\ s), as well as a :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.get_ca_certs` method that" +" returns a list of the loaded ``CA`` certificates. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :issue:`18147`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 增加了一个新方法 " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.cert_store_stats`，用来报告已加载的 ``X.509`` 证书, ``X.509 CA``" +" 证书数量和证书吊销列表 (``crl``\\ s)，以及 :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.get_ca_certs` " +"方法用来返回已加载的 ``CA`` 证书列表。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`18147` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1459 +msgid "" +"If OpenSSL 0.9.8 or later is available, :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` has a new " +"attribute :attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.verify_flags` that can be used to control " +"the certificate verification process by setting it to some combination of " +"the new constants :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT`, " +":const:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF`, :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN`, " +"or :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT`. OpenSSL does not do any CRL " +"verification by default. (Contributed by Christien Heimes in " +":issue:`8813`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 OpenSSL 0.9.8 或更高版本可用，:class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 将具有一个新增属性 " +":attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.verify_flags` 可被用于通过设置新增常量 " +":const:`~ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT`, :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF`, " +":const:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN` 或 :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT` " +"的组合来控制证书验证过程。 在默认情况下 OpenSSL 不会执行任何 CRL 验证。 （由 Christien Heimes 在 " +":issue:`8813` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` method " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_default_certs` loads a set of default " +"\"certificate authority\" (CA) certificates from default locations, which " +"vary according to the platform. It can be used to load both TLS web server " +"authentication certificates (``purpose=``:data:`~ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH`) " +"for a client to use to verify a server, and certificates for a server to use" +" in verifying client certificates " +"(``purpose=``:data:`~ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH`). (Contributed by Christian " +"Heimes in :issue:`19292`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 方法 :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_default_certs` " +"可从默认位置加载一组默认的“证书颁发机构”（CA）证书，此位置随平台而异。 它可被用于加载 TLS Web 服务器验证证书 " +"(``purpose=``:data:`~ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` ) " +"供客户端用来验证服务器，或加载证书供服务器用来验证客户端证书 (``purpose=``:data:`~ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH`" +" )。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`19292` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1478 +msgid "" +"Two new windows-only functions, :func:`~ssl.enum_certificates` and " +":func:`~ssl.enum_crls` provide the ability to retrieve certificates, " +"certificate information, and CRLs from the Windows cert store. (Contributed" +" by Christian Heimes in :issue:`17134`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的两个 Windows 专属函数 :func:`~ssl.enum_certificates` 和 :func:`~ssl.enum_crls` " +"提供了从 Windows 证书存储库提取证书、证书信息和 CRL 的功能。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`17134` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1485 +msgid "" +"Support for server-side SNI (Server Name Indication) using the new " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_servername_callback` method. (Contributed by " +"Daniel Black in :issue:`8109`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用新增的 :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_servername_callback` 方法来支持服务器端 SNI (Server " +"Name Indication)。 （由 Daniel Black 在 :issue:`8109` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"The dictionary returned by :meth:`.SSLSocket.getpeercert` contains " +"additional ``X509v3`` extension items: ``crlDistributionPoints``, " +"``calIssuers``, and ``OCSP`` URIs. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`18379`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :meth:`.SSLSocket.getpeercert` 返回的字典包含额外的 ``X509v3`` 扩展条目: " +"``crlDistributionPoints``, ``calIssuers`` 和 ``OCSP`` URI。 （由 Christian " +"Heimes 在 :issue:`18379` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1495 +msgid "stat" +msgstr "stat" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1497 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`stat` module is now backed by a C implementation in :mod:`!_stat`." +" A C implementation is required as most of the values aren't standardized " +"and are platform-dependent. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`11016`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`stat` 模块以 :mod:`!_stat` 中的 C 实现作为后端。 C 实现是必需的因为大多数值都未被标准化并且依赖于平台。 " +"（由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`11016` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1501 +msgid "" +"The module supports new :mod:`~stat.ST_MODE` flags, :mod:`~stat.S_IFDOOR`, " +":const:`~stat.S_IFPORT`, and :const:`~stat.S_IFWHT`. (Contributed by " +"Christian Hiemes in :issue:`11016`.)" +msgstr "" +"该模块支持新的 :mod:`~stat.ST_MODE` 旗标, :mod:`~stat.S_IFDOOR`, " +":const:`~stat.S_IFPORT` 和 :const:`~stat.S_IFWHT`。 （由 Christian Hiemes 在 " +":issue:`11016` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1507 +msgid "struct" +msgstr "struct" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1509 +msgid "" +"New function :mod:`~struct.iter_unpack` and a new " +":meth:`struct.Struct.iter_unpack` method on compiled formats provide " +"streamed unpacking of a buffer containing repeated instances of a given " +"format of data. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`17804`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :mod:`~struct.iter_unpack` 和在已编译格式上的新增方法 " +":meth:`struct.Struct.iter_unpack` 提供了对包含给定格式数据的重复实例的缓冲区的流式解包功能。 （由 Antoine " +"Pitrou 在 :issue:`17804` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1516 +msgid "subprocess" +msgstr "subprocess" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1518 +msgid "" +":func:`~subprocess.check_output` now accepts an *input* argument that can be" +" used to provide the contents of ``stdin`` for the command that is run. " +"(Contributed by Zack Weinberg in :issue:`16624`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~subprocess.check_output` 接受一个 *input* 参数用于为所运行的命令提供 ``stdin`` " +"的内容。 （由 Zack Weinberg 在 :issue:`16624` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1522 +msgid "" +":func:`~subprocess.getstatus` and :func:`~subprocess.getstatusoutput` now " +"work on Windows. This change was actually inadvertently made in 3.3.4. " +"(Contributed by Tim Golden in :issue:`10197`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~subprocess.getstatus` 和 :func:`~subprocess.getstatusoutput` 已适用于 " +"Windows。 这一修改是在 3.3.4 中意外实施的。 （由 Tim Golden 在 :issue:`10197` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1528 +msgid "sunau" +msgstr "sunau" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1530 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!getparams` method now returns a namedtuple rather than a plain " +"tuple. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`18901`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`!getparams` 方法将返回一个具名元组而不是普通元组。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`18901` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1533 +msgid "" +":meth:`!sunau.open` now supports the context management protocol: when used " +"in a :keyword:`with` block, the ``close`` method of the returned object will" +" be called automatically at the end of the block. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`18878`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`!sunau.open` 可支持上下文管理协议：当在 :keyword:`with` 代码块中使用时，所返回对象的 " +"``close`` 方法将在代码块结束时被自动调用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`18878` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1538 +msgid "" +":meth:`.AU_write.setsampwidth` now supports 24 bit samples, thus adding " +"support for writing 24 sample using the module. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`19261`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`.AU_write.setsampwidth` 已支持 24 位采样，因此增加了使用该模块写入 24 位采样的支持。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`19261` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1548 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1550 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks` returns the current number of " +"blocks allocated by the interpreter. (In CPython with the default ``--with-" +"pymalloc`` setting, this is allocations made through the " +":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` API.) This can be useful for tracking memory " +"leaks, especially if automated via a test suite. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou in :issue:`13390`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :func:`sys.getallocatedblocks` 可返回当前由解释器所分配的内存块数量。 （在使用默认 ``--with-" +"pymalloc`` 设置的 CPython 中，这将是通过 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` API 执行的分配。） " +"这在追踪内存泄漏时会很有用处，特别是对于通过测试套件自动追踪的场景。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`13390` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1557 +msgid "" +"When the Python interpreter starts in :ref:`interactive mode `, it checks for an :data:`~sys.__interactivehook__` attribute " +"on the :mod:`sys` module. If the attribute exists, its value is called with" +" no arguments just before interactive mode is started. The check is made " +"after the :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file is read, so it can be set there. The" +" :mod:`site` module :ref:`sets it ` to a function that " +"enables tab completion and history saving (in :file:`~/.python-history`) if " +"the platform supports :mod:`readline`. If you do not want this (new) " +"behavior, you can override it in :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP`, " +":mod:`sitecustomize`, or :mod:`usercustomize` by deleting this attribute " +"from :mod:`sys` (or setting it to some other callable). (Contributed by " +"Éric Araujo and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`5845`.)" +msgstr "" +"当 Python 解释器以 :ref:`交互模式 ` 启动时，它会检查 :mod:`sys` 模块中的 " +":data:`~sys.__interactivehook__` 属性。 如果该属性存在，它的值将在交互模式启动之前不附带参数地被调用。 " +"这个检查是在读取 :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` 文件之后进行的，因此可以在那里设置它。 :mod:`site` 模块会在平台支持 " +":mod:`readline` 的情况下 :ref:`把它设置为 ` 一个启用制表符补全和历史记录保存（在 " +":file:`~/.python-history` 中）的函数。 如果你不想要这个（新增的）行为，可以通过从 :mod:`sys` " +"中删除这个属性（或将其设为其他可调用对象）在 :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP`, :mod:`sitecustomize` 或 " +":mod:`usercustomize` 中覆盖它。 （由 Éric Araujo 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`5845` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1572 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1574 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module now supports a simple :ref:`tarfile-commandline` " +"when called as a script directly or via ``-m``. This can be used to create " +"and extract tarfile archives. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in " +":issue:`13477`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`tarfile` 模块当直接作为脚本或通过 ``-m`` 调用时将支持简单的 :ref:`tarfile-commandline`。 " +"这可被用来创建和提取 tar 归档文件。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`13477` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1580 +msgid "textwrap" +msgstr "textwrap" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1582 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~textwrap.TextWrapper` class has two new attributes/constructor " +"arguments: :attr:`~textwrap.TextWrapper.max_lines`, which limits the number " +"of lines in the output, and :attr:`~textwrap.TextWrapper.placeholder`, which" +" is a string that will appear at the end of the output if it has been " +"truncated because of *max_lines*. Building on these capabilities, a new " +"convenience function :func:`~textwrap.shorten` collapses all of the " +"whitespace in the input to single spaces and produces a single line of a " +"given *width* that ends with the *placeholder* (by default, ``[...]``). " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`18585` and " +":issue:`18725`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~textwrap.TextWrapper` 类新增了两个属性/构造器参数: " +":attr:`~textwrap.TextWrapper.max_lines`，用来限制输出的行数，以及 " +":attr:`~textwrap.TextWrapper.placeholder`，它是一个当输出由于 *max_lines* " +"限制被截断时将出现在输出末尾处的字符串。 一个在此功能之上新增的便捷函数 :func:`~textwrap.shorten` " +"可将输入中的所有空格压缩为单个空格并产生一个宽度为 *width* 并以 *placeholder* (默认为 ``[...]``) 结束的单独行。 " +"（由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`18585` 和 :issue:`18725` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1594 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1596 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~threading.Thread` object representing the main thread can be " +"obtained from the new :func:`~threading.main_thread` function. In normal " +"conditions this will be the thread from which the Python interpreter was " +"started. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`18882`.)" +msgstr "" +"代表可通过新增的 :func:`~threading.main_thread` 函数来获取的主线程的 " +":class:`~threading.Thread` 对象。 在通常条件下这将是启动 Python 解释器所在的线程。 （由 Andrew " +"Svetlov 在 :issue:`18882` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1603 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "回溯" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`traceback.clear_frames` function takes a traceback object and " +"clears the local variables in all of the frames it references, reducing the " +"amount of memory consumed. (Contributed by Andrew Kuchling in " +":issue:`1565525`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`traceback.clear_frames` 函数可接受一个回溯对象清除它所引用的所有帧中的局部变量，以减少内存消耗量。 （由 " +"Andrew Kuchling 在 :issue:`1565525` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1612 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1614 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~types.DynamicClassAttribute` descriptor provides a way to " +"define an attribute that acts normally when looked up through an instance " +"object, but which is routed to the *class* ``__getattr__`` when looked up " +"through the class. This allows one to have properties active on a class, " +"and have virtual attributes on the class with the same name (see :mod:`Enum`" +" for an example). (Contributed by Ethan Furman in :issue:`19030`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~types.DynamicClassAttribute` " +"描述器提供了一种定义属性的方式，这种属性可正常地在实例对象中查找，但在类中查找时会被导向 *类的* ``__getattr__``。 " +"这将允许设置在类上激活的特征属性，并在相同名称的类上具有虚拟属性（参见 :mod:`Enum` 的例子）。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 " +":issue:`19030` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1623 +msgid "urllib" +msgstr "urllib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1625 +msgid "" +":mod:`urllib.request` now supports ``data:`` URLs via the " +":class:`~urllib.request.DataHandler` class. (Contributed by Mathias " +"Panzenböck in :issue:`16423`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`urllib.request` 支持 ``data:`` 使用 " +":class:`~urllib.request.DataHandler` 类的 URL。 （由 Mathias Panzenböck 在 " +":issue:`16423` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1629 +msgid "" +"The http method that will be used by a :class:`~urllib.request.Request` " +"class can now be specified by setting a " +":class:`~urllib.request.Request.method` class attribute on the subclass. " +"(Contributed by Jason R Coombs in :issue:`18978`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :class:`~urllib.request.Request` 类使用的 http 方法现在可通过在子类上设置 " +":class:`~urllib.request.Request.method` 类属性来指定。 （由 Jason R Coombs 在 " +":issue:`18978` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1634 +msgid "" +":class:`~urllib.request.Request` objects are now reusable: if the " +":attr:`~urllib.request.Request.full_url` or " +":attr:`~urllib.request.Request.data` attributes are modified, all relevant " +"internal properties are updated. This means, for example, that it is now " +"possible to use the same :class:`~urllib.request.Request` object in more " +"than one :meth:`.OpenerDirector.open` call with different *data* arguments, " +"or to modify a :class:`~urllib.request.Request`\\ 's ``url`` rather than " +"recomputing it from scratch. There is also a new " +":meth:`~urllib.request.Request.remove_header` method that can be used to " +"remove headers from a :class:`~urllib.request.Request`. (Contributed by " +"Alexey Kachayev in :issue:`16464`, Daniel Wozniak in :issue:`17485`, and " +"Damien Brecht and Senthil Kumaran in :issue:`17272`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~urllib.request.Request` 对象是可重用的：如果 " +":attr:`~urllib.request.Request.full_url` 或 " +":attr:`~urllib.request.Request.data` 属性被修改，所有相关的内部特征属性都将被更新。 " +"例如，这意味着现在可以在多个使用不同 *data* 参数的 :meth:`.OpenerDirector.open` 调用中使用相同的 " +":class:`~urllib.request.Request` 对象，或者修改 :class:`~urllib.request.Request` 的 " +"``url`` 而不必从头重新计算它们。 此外还有新增的 :meth:`~urllib.request.Request.remove_header` " +"方法可被用来从 :class:`~urllib.request.Request` 中移除标头。 （由 Alexey Kachayev 在 " +":issue:`16464` 中，Daniel Wozniak 在 :issue:`17485` 中，以及 Damien Brecht 和 " +"Senthil Kumaran 在 :issue:`17272` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1647 +msgid "" +":class:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` objects now have a " +":attr:`~urllib.error.HTTPError.headers` attribute that provides access to " +"the HTTP response headers associated with the error. (Contributed by Berker" +" Peksag in :issue:`15701`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` 对象具有一个 " +":attr:`~urllib.error.HTTPError.headers` 属性可提供对与错误相关的 HTTP 响应的访问。 （由 Berker " +"Peksag 在 :issue:`15701` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1654 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1656 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~unittest.TestCase` class has a new method, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.subTest`, that produces a context manager whose " +":keyword:`with` block becomes a \"sub-test\". This context manager allows a" +" test method to dynamically generate subtests by, say, calling the " +"``subTest`` context manager inside a loop. A single test method can thereby" +" produce an indefinite number of separately identified and separately " +"counted tests, all of which will run even if one or more of them fail. For " +"example::" +msgstr "" +":class:`~unittest.TestCase` 类有一个新方法 " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.subTest`，它可产生一个以 :keyword:`with` " +"代码块作为“子测试”的上下文管理器。 这个上下文管理器允许测试方法通过调用一个循环内的 ``subTest`` 上下文管理器这样的方式动态生成子测试。 " +"这样单个测试方法就可以产生无限多个单独标识并单独计数的测试，这些测试即使在其中一个或多个测试失败的情况下仍然会全部运行。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1664 +msgid "" +"class NumbersTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test_even(self):\n" +" for i in range(6):\n" +" with self.subTest(i=i):\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)" +msgstr "" +"class NumbersTest(unittest.TestCase):\n" +" def test_even(self):\n" +" for i in range(6):\n" +" with self.subTest(i=i):\n" +" self.assertEqual(i % 2, 0)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1670 +msgid "" +"will result in six subtests, each identified in the unittest verbose output " +"with a label consisting of the variable name ``i`` and a particular value " +"for that variable (``i=0``, ``i=1``, etc). See :ref:`subtests` for the full" +" version of this example. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`16997`.)" +msgstr "" +"将得到六个子测试，在单元测试详细输出中各自以变量名 ``i`` 加该变量专属的值来标识 (``i=0``, ``i=1`` 等等)。 该示例的完整版本见" +" :ref:`subtests`。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`16997` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1675 +msgid "" +":func:`unittest.main` now accepts an iterable of test names for " +"*defaultTest*, where previously it only accepted a single test name as a " +"string. (Contributed by Jyrki Pulliainen in :issue:`15132`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`unittest.main` 接受一个包含测试名称的可迭代对象作为 " +"*defaultTest*，而在之前版本中它只接受单个字符串形式的测试名称。 （由 Jyrki Pulliainen 在 :issue:`15132` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1679 +msgid "" +"If :class:`~unittest.SkipTest` is raised during test discovery (that is, at " +"the module level in the test file), it is now reported as a skip instead of " +"an error. (Contributed by Zach Ware in :issue:`16935`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果在测试发现期间（即在测试文件中的模块层级）引发了 :class:`~unittest.SkipTest`，现在它将被报告为跳过而不是错误。 （由 " +"Zach Ware 在 :issue:`16935` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1683 +msgid "" +":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.discover` now sorts the discovered files to " +"provide consistent test ordering. (Contributed by Martin Melin and Jeff " +"Ramnani in :issue:`16709`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.discover` 会对所发现的文件进行排序以提供一致的测试顺序。 （由 Martin " +"Melin 和 Jeff Ramnani 在 :issue:`16709` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1687 +msgid "" +":class:`~unittest.TestSuite` now drops references to tests as soon as the " +"test has been run, if the test is successful. On Python interpreters that " +"do garbage collection, this allows the tests to be garbage collected if " +"nothing else is holding a reference to the test. It is possible to override" +" this behavior by creating a :class:`~unittest.TestSuite` subclass that " +"defines a custom ``_removeTestAtIndex`` method. (Contributed by Tom " +"Wardill, Matt McClure, and Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`11798`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果测试成功，现在 :class:`~unittest.TestSuite` 会在测试完成运行时立即丢弃对测试的引用。 在支持垃圾回收的 Python " +"解释器上，这允许当没有其他对象持有对测试的引用时将该测试作为垃圾回收。 可以通过创建一个定义了自定义 ``_removeTestAtIndex`` " +"方法的 :class:`~unittest.TestSuite` 子类来覆盖此行为。 （由 Tom Wardill, Matt McClure 和 " +"Andrew Svetlov 在 :issue:`11798` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1695 +msgid "" +"A new test assertion context-manager, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLogs`," +" will ensure that a given block of code emits a log message using the " +":mod:`logging` module. By default the message can come from any logger and " +"have a priority of ``INFO`` or higher, but both the logger name and an " +"alternative minimum logging level may be specified. The object returned by " +"the context manager can be queried for the :class:`~logging.LogRecord`\\ s " +"and/or formatted messages that were logged. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou " +"in :issue:`18937`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的测试断言上下文管理器 :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLogs` 将确保给定的代码块使用 " +":mod:`logging` 模块发出日志记录消息。 在默认情况下消息可来自任意日志记录器并具有 ``INFO`` " +"或更高的优先级，但要指明日志记录器名称和替代的最低日志级别。 可以在该上下文管理器所返回的对象中查询 " +":class:`~logging.LogRecord` 和/或所记录的已格式化消息。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`18937` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1704 +msgid "" +"Test discovery now works with namespace packages (Contributed by Claudiu " +"Popa in :issue:`17457`.)" +msgstr "现在测试发现将可用于命名空间包（由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`17457` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1707 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest.mock` objects now inspect their specification signatures when" +" matching calls, which means an argument can now be matched by either " +"position or name, instead of only by position. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou in :issue:`17015`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`unittest.mock` 对象可以在匹配调用时检查其规范签名，这意味着现在可以通过位置或名称来匹配参数，而不是仅能通过位置。 （由" +" Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`17015` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1712 +msgid "" +":func:`~mock.mock_open` objects now have ``readline`` and ``readlines`` " +"methods. (Contributed by Toshio Kuratomi in :issue:`17467`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~mock.mock_open` 对象具有 ``readline`` 和 ``readlines`` 方法。 （由 Toshio " +"Kuratomi 在 :issue:`17467` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1717 +msgid "venv" +msgstr "venv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1719 +msgid "" +":mod:`venv` now includes activation scripts for the ``csh`` and ``fish`` " +"shells. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`15417`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`venv` 包括了用于 ``csh`` 和 ``fish`` shell 的激活脚本。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 " +":issue:`15417` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1722 +msgid "" +":class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` and the :func:`~venv.create` convenience function " +"take a new keyword argument *with_pip*, which defaults to ``False``, that " +"controls whether or not :class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` ensures that ``pip`` is " +"installed in the virtual environment. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan in " +":issue:`19552` as part of the :pep:`453` implementation.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` 和 :func:`~venv.create` 便捷函数接受新的关键字参数 " +"*with_pip*，默认值为 ``False``，它控制 :class:`~venv.EnvBuilder` 是否确保 ``pip`` " +"在虚拟环境中安装。 （作为 :pep:`453` 实现的组成部分由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`19552` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1730 +msgid "wave" +msgstr "wave" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1732 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~wave.getparams` method now returns a namedtuple rather than a " +"plain tuple. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17487`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`~wave.getparams` 方法将返回一个具名元组而不是普通元组。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 " +":issue:`17487` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1735 +msgid "" +":meth:`wave.open` now supports the context management protocol. " +"(Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17616`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`wave.open` 已支持上下文管理器协议。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`17616` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1738 +msgid "" +":mod:`wave` can now :ref:`write output to unseekable files `. (Contributed by David Jones, Guilherme Polo, and Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`5202`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`wave` 可以 :ref:`将输出写入到不可定位的文件 `。 （由 David Jones," +" Guilherme Polo 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`5202` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1742 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw` and " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_write.writeframes` methods now accept any :term:`bytes-" +"like object`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`8311`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`~wave.Wave_write.writeframesraw` 和 " +":meth:`~wave.Wave_write.writeframes` 方法将接受任意 :term:`bytes-like object`。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`8311` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1748 +msgid "weakref" +msgstr "weakref" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1750 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~weakref.WeakMethod` class simulates weak references to bound " +"methods. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`14631`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :class:`~weakref.WeakMethod` 类可模拟指向绑定方法的弱引用。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`14631` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1753 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~weakref.finalize` class makes it possible to register a " +"callback to be invoked when an object is garbage collected, without needing " +"to carefully manage the lifecycle of the weak reference itself. " +"(Contributed by Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`15528`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :class:`~weakref.finalize` " +"类使得注册一个当对象被作为垃圾回收时唤起的回调成为可能，而无需小心地管理弱引用本身的生命周期。 （由 Richard Oudkerk 在 " +":issue:`15528` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1758 +msgid "" +"The callback, if any, associated with a :class:`~weakref.ref` is now exposed" +" via the :attr:`~weakref.ref.__callback__` attribute. (Contributed by Mark " +"Dickinson in :issue:`17643`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果存在任何与 :class:`~weakref.ref` 相关联的回调，现在将通过 :attr:`~weakref.ref.__callback__`" +" 属性对外公开。 （由 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`17643` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1764 +msgid "xml.etree" +msgstr "xml.etree" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1766 +msgid "" +"A new parser, :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser`, allows a non-" +"blocking applications to parse XML documents. An example can be seen at " +":ref:`elementtree-pull-parsing`. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`17741`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的解析器 :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser` 允许用非阻塞的应用程序来解析 XML 文档。 " +"相关示例可参见 :ref:`elementtree-pull-parsing`。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`17741` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1771 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring` and" +" :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.tostringlist` functions, and the " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` " +":meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree.write` method, now have a " +"*short_empty_elements* :ref:`keyword-only parameter ` providing control over whether elements with no content are" +" written in abbreviated (````) or expanded (````) form. " +"(Contributed by Ariel Poliak and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`14377`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` :func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring` 和 " +":func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.tostringlist` 函数，以及 " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` 的 " +":meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree.write` 方法都具有一个 " +"*short_empty_elements* :ref:`仅限关键字形参 ` " +"用来提供对于无内容的元素要采取缩写 (````) 还是扩展 (````) 形式的控制。 （由 Ariel " +"Poliak 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`14377` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1782 +msgid "zipfile" +msgstr "zipfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1784 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~zipfile.PyZipFile.writepy` method of the " +":class:`~zipfile.PyZipFile` class has a new *filterfunc* option that can be " +"used to control which directories and files are added to the archive. For " +"example, this could be used to exclude test files from the archive. " +"(Contributed by Christian Tismer in :issue:`19274`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~zipfile.PyZipFile` 类的 :meth:`~zipfile.PyZipFile.writepy` 方法新增的 " +"*filterfunc* 选项可用来控制要将哪些目录添加到归档中。 例如，可以用它将测试文件排除在归档之外。 （由 Christian Tismer 在" +" :issue:`19274` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"The *allowZip64* parameter to :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` and " +":class:`~zipfile.PyZipfile` is now ``True`` by default. (Contributed by " +"William Mallard in :issue:`17201`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` 和 :class:`~zipfile.PyZipfile` 的 *allowZip64* " +"形参默认值为 ``True``。 （由 William Mallard 在 :issue:`17201` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1797 +msgid "CPython Implementation Changes" +msgstr "CPython 实现的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1803 +msgid "PEP 445: Customization of CPython Memory Allocators" +msgstr "PEP 445: 自定义 CPython 内存分配器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1805 +msgid "" +":pep:`445` adds new C level interfaces to customize memory allocation in the" +" CPython interpreter." +msgstr ":pep:`445` 添加了新的 C 层级接口用来在 CPython 解释器中对内存分配进行自定义。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1810 +msgid ":pep:`445` -- Add new APIs to customize Python memory allocators" +msgstr ":pep:`445` -- 新增用于自定义 Python 内存分配器的 API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1817 +msgid "PEP 442: Safe Object Finalization" +msgstr "PEP 442: 安全的对象最终化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1819 +msgid "" +":pep:`442` removes the current limitations and quirks of object finalization" +" in CPython. With it, objects with :meth:`__del__` methods, as well as " +"generators with :keyword:`finally` clauses, can be finalized when they are " +"part of a reference cycle." +msgstr "" +":pep:`442` 移除了 CPython 中有关对象最终化的限制和特殊处理。 有了它，具有 :meth:`__del__` 方法的对象，以及具有 " +":keyword:`finally` 子句的生成器在有循环引用的情况下也可以被最终化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1824 +msgid "" +"As part of this change, module globals are no longer forcibly set to " +":const:`None` during interpreter shutdown in most cases, instead relying on " +"the normal operation of the cyclic garbage collector. This avoids a whole " +"class of interpreter-shutdown-time errors, usually involving ``__del__`` " +"methods, that have plagued Python since the cyclic GC was first introduced." +msgstr "" +"作为此项改变的一部分，大多数情况下在解释器关闭期间模块的全局变量不会被强制设为 :const:`None`，而是取决于循环垃圾回收器的正常操作。 " +"这避免了大量的解释器关闭时错误，这类错误通常都涉及 ``__del__`` 方法，它们自循环 GC 首次被引入起就一直困扰着 Python。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1833 +msgid ":pep:`442` -- Safe object finalization" +msgstr ":pep:`442` -- 安全的对象最终化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1840 +msgid "PEP 456: Secure and Interchangeable Hash Algorithm" +msgstr "PEP 456: 安全且可互换的哈希算法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1842 +msgid "" +":pep:`456` follows up on earlier security fix work done on Python's hash " +"algorithm to address certain DOS attacks to which public facing APIs backed " +"by dictionary lookups may be subject. (See :issue:`14621` for the start of " +"the current round of improvements.) The PEP unifies CPython's hash code to " +"make it easier for a packager to substitute a different hash algorithm, and " +"switches Python's default implementation to a SipHash implementation on " +"platforms that have a 64 bit data type. Any performance differences in " +"comparison with the older FNV algorithm are trivial." +msgstr "" +":pep:`456` 在早先对 Python 的哈希算法所做安全修复上更进一步以解决特定的 DOS 攻击问题，以字典查找为基础的对外公开的 API " +"可能面临此种攻击。（请参阅 :issue:`14621` 了解此轮改进的缘起。） 该 PEP 统一了 CPython " +"的哈希代码以使打包者能更容易地用不同哈希算法进行替换，并在具有 64 位数据类型的平台上将 Python 的默认实现切换为 SipHash 实现。 " +"与旧版 FNV 算法相比只有很小的性能差异。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1851 +msgid "" +"The PEP adds additional fields to the :data:`sys.hash_info` named tuple to " +"describe the hash algorithm in use by the currently executing binary. " +"Otherwise, the PEP does not alter any existing CPython APIs." +msgstr "" +"该 PEP 向 :data:`sys.hash_info` 具名元组添加了额外字段来描述当前正在执行的二进制文件所使用的哈希算法。 除此之外，该 PEP" +" 没有改变任何现有的 CPython API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1859 +msgid "PEP 436: Argument Clinic" +msgstr "PEP 436: Argument Clinic" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1861 +msgid "" +"\"Argument Clinic\" (:pep:`436`) is now part of the CPython build process " +"and can be used to simplify the process of defining and maintaining accurate" +" signatures for builtins and standard library extension modules implemented " +"in C." +msgstr "" +"现在 \"Argument Clinic\" (:pep:`436`) 是 CPython 构建过程的一部分并可被用于简化为内置对象和以 C " +"实现的标准库扩展模块定义和维护准确签名的过程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1866 +msgid "" +"Some standard library extension modules have been converted to use Argument " +"Clinic in Python 3.4, and :mod:`pydoc` and :mod:`inspect` have been updated " +"accordingly." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.4 中有一些标准库模块已被转换为使用 Argument Clinic，而 :mod:`pydoc` 和 " +":mod:`inspect` 也进行了相应的更新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1870 +msgid "" +"It is expected that signature metadata for programmatic introspection will " +"be added to additional callables implemented in C as part of Python 3.4 " +"maintenance releases." +msgstr "预期针对程序化内省的签名元数据将被添加到更多的以 C 实现的可调用对象中作为 Python 3.4 维护发布版的组成部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1875 +msgid "" +"The Argument Clinic PEP is not fully up to date with the state of the " +"implementation. This has been deemed acceptable by the release manager and " +"core development team in this case, as Argument Clinic will not be made " +"available as a public API for third party use in Python 3.4." +msgstr "" +"Argument Clinic PEP 尚未完整更新到与具体实现的状态相一致。 这种情况被发布版管理者和核心开发团队认为是可接受的，因为 " +"Argument Clinic 在 Python 3.4 中将不会作为公有 API 提供给第三方。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1882 +msgid ":pep:`436` -- The Argument Clinic DSL" +msgstr ":pep:`436` -- The Argument Clinic DSL" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1883 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Larry Hastings." +msgstr "PEP 由 Larry Hastings 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1887 +msgid "Other Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "其他的构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1889 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` function has been added to the stable ABI, " +"allowing retrieval of function pointers from named type slots when using the" +" limited API. (Contributed by Martin von Löwis in :issue:`17162`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :c:func:`PyType_GetSlot` 函数已被添加到稳定 ABI，以允许在使用受限 API 时从指定的类型槽位提取函数指针。 （由 " +"Martin von Löwis 在 :issue:`17162` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding` pre-initialization API " +"allows applications embedding the CPython interpreter to reliably force a " +"particular encoding and error handler for the standard streams. (Contributed" +" by Bastien Montagne and Nick Coghlan in :issue:`16129`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding` 预初始化 API 允许嵌入了 CPython " +"解释器的应用程序为标准流可靠地强制设置特定的编码格式和错误处理器。 （由 Bastien Montagne 和 Nick Coghlan 在 " +":issue:`16129` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1898 +msgid "" +"Most Python C APIs that don't mutate string arguments are now correctly " +"marked as accepting ``const char *`` rather than ``char *``. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`1772673`.)" +msgstr "" +"大多数不修改字符串参数的 Python C API 现在已被正确地标记为接受 ``const char *`` 而不是 ``char *``。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`1772673` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1902 +msgid "" +"A new shell version of ``python-config`` can be used even when a python " +"interpreter is not available (for example, in cross compilation scenarios)." +msgstr "" +"一个新的 ``python-config`` 的 shell 版本即使在 python 解释器不可用时仍可被使用（例如，在交叉编译的场景中）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1905 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` now supports width and precision " +"specifications for ``%s``, ``%A``, ``%U``, ``%V``, ``%S``, and ``%R``. " +"(Contributed by Ysj Ray and Victor Stinner in :issue:`7330`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 支持为 ``%s``, ``%A``, ``%U``, ``%V``, ``%S``" +" 和 ``%R`` 使用宽度和精度说明符。 （由 Ysj Ray 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`7330` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1909 +msgid "" +"New function :c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType2` supplements the existing " +":c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType` function. The difference is that it " +"returns ``0`` on success and ``-1`` on failure." +msgstr "" +"新的函数 :c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType2` 为现有的 " +":c:func:`PyStructSequence_InitType` 函数提供了补充。 其不同之处在于它会在成功时返回 ``0`` 而在失败时返回 " +"``-1``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1913 +msgid "" +"The CPython source can now be compiled using the address sanity checking " +"features of recent versions of GCC and clang: the false alarms in the small" +" object allocator have been silenced. (Contributed by Dhiru Kholia in " +":issue:`18596`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 CPython 源代码可以使用最近版本的 GCC 和 clang 的地址确定性检查特性进行编译：小对象分配器中的假警报已被消除。 （由 Dhiru" +" Kholia 在 :issue:`18596` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1918 +msgid "" +"The Windows build now uses `Address Space Layout Randomization " +"`_ and " +"`Data Execution Prevention " +"`_. (Contributed " +"by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16632`.)" +msgstr "" +"Windows 构建版现在会使用 `寻址空间布局随机化 " +"`_ 和 " +"`数据执行保护 `_。 （由 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`16632` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1923 +msgid "" +"New function :c:func:`PyObject_LengthHint` is the C API equivalent of " +":func:`operator.length_hint`. (Contributed by Armin Ronacher in " +":issue:`16148`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的函数 :c:func:`PyObject_LengthHint` 是 :func:`operator.length_hint` 的 C API " +"等价形式。 （由 Armin Ronacher 在 :issue:`16148` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1931 +msgid "Other Improvements" +msgstr "其他改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1935 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`python ` command has a new :ref:`option `, ``-I``, which causes it to run in \"isolated mode\", " +"which means that :data:`sys.path` contains neither the script's directory " +"nor the user's ``site-packages`` directory, and all :envvar:`!PYTHON*` " +"environment variables are ignored (it implies both ``-s`` and ``-E``). " +"Other restrictions may also be applied in the future, with the goal being to" +" isolate the execution of a script from the user's environment. This is " +"appropriate, for example, when Python is used to run a system script. On " +"most POSIX systems it can and should be used in the ``#!`` line of system " +"scripts. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16499`.)" +msgstr "" +":ref:`python ` 命令增加了一个新的 :ref:`选项 `" +" ``-I``，将使其运行于“隔离模式”，即 :data:`sys.path` 将不包含脚本的目录和用户的 ``site-packages`` " +"目录，并且所有 :envvar:`!PYTHON*` 环境变量都将被忽略（相当于 ``-s`` 和 ``-E`` 同时启用）。 " +"未来还可能会应用其他的限制，其目的是将脚本执行与用户的环境隔离开来。 举例来说，当 Python 被用于运行系统脚本时此模式将是适当的。 在大多数 " +"POSIX 系统上它可以并且应当在系统脚本的 ``#!`` 行中使用。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`16499` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1946 +msgid "" +"Tab-completion is now enabled by default in the interactive interpreter on " +"systems that support :mod:`readline`. History is also enabled by default, " +"and is written to (and read from) the file :file:`~/.python-history`. " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Éric Araujo in :issue:`5845`.)" +msgstr "" +"在支持 :mod:`readline` 的系统上的交互模式中现在将默认启用 Tab 键补全。 历史记录也将默认启用，并会写入到 " +":file:`~/.python-history` 文件（也会从中读取）。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Éric Araujo 在 " +":issue:`5845` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1951 +msgid "" +"Invoking the Python interpreter with ``--version`` now outputs the version " +"to standard output instead of standard error (:issue:`18338`). Similar " +"changes were made to :mod:`argparse` (:issue:`18920`) and other modules that" +" have script-like invocation capabilities (:issue:`18922`)." +msgstr "" +"现在附带 ``--version`` 唤起 Python 解释器将会把版本信息输出到标准输出而不是标准错误 (:issue:`18338`)。 对于 " +":mod:`argparse` (:issue:`18920`) 和其他具有脚本类唤起功能的模块也做了类似的修改 (:issue:`18922`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1956 +msgid "" +"The CPython Windows installer now adds ``.py`` to the :envvar:`PATHEXT` " +"variable when extensions are registered, allowing users to run a python " +"script at the windows command prompt by just typing its name without the " +"``.py`` extension. (Contributed by Paul Moore in :issue:`18569`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 CPython Windows 安装程序会在注册扩展名时将 ``.py`` 添加到 :envvar:`PATHEXT` 变量，以允许用户在 " +"windows 命令提示符下直接键入不带 ``.py`` 扩展名的 python 脚本名称来运行它。 （由 Paul Moore 在 " +":issue:`18569` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1961 +msgid "" +"A new ``make`` target `coverage-report " +"`_ will build python, run the test suite, and generate an HTML" +" coverage report for the C codebase using ``gcov`` and `lcov " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"新的 ``make`` 目标 `coverage-report " +"`_ 将使用 ``gcov`` 和 `lcov `_ 基于 C 代码库构建 python，运行测试套件并生成 HTML 消息报告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1967 +msgid "" +"The ``-R`` option to the :ref:`python regression test suite ` now " +"also checks for memory allocation leaks, using " +":func:`sys.getallocatedblocks`. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`13390`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :ref:`python 回归测试套件 ` 的 ``-R`` 选项还将使用 " +":func:`sys.getallocatedblocks` 来检查内存分配泄漏。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`13390`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1972 +msgid "``python -m`` now works with namespace packages." +msgstr "现在 ``python -m`` 将可用于命名空间包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1974 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`stat` module is now implemented in C, which means it gets the " +"values for its constants from the C header files, instead of having the " +"values hard-coded in the python module as was previously the case." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`stat` 模块是用 C 实现的，这意味着它将从 C 头文件中获取其常量值，而不是像之前版本中那样将值码编码在 python 模块中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1978 +msgid "" +"Loading multiple python modules from a single OS module (``.so``, ``.dll``) " +"now works correctly (previously it silently returned the first python module" +" in the file). (Contributed by Václav Šmilauer in :issue:`16421`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在将能够正确地从单个 OS 模块加载多个 (``.so``, ``.dll``) python 模块（在之前版本中则会静默地返回文件中的第一个 " +"python 模块）。 （由 Václav Šmilauer 在 :issue:`16421` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1982 +msgid "" +"A new opcode, :opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF`, has been added to fix a bug in the" +" loading of free variables in class bodies that could be triggered by " +"certain uses of :ref:`__prepare__ `. (Contributed by Benjamin " +"Peterson in :issue:`17853`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了新的操作码 :opcode:`!LOAD_CLASSDEREF` 用来修复一个在类体中加载自由变量时的程序缺陷，它可能因 " +":ref:`__prepare__ ` 的特定用法而被触发。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 " +":issue:`17853` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"A number of MemoryError-related crashes were identified and fixed by Victor " +"Stinner using his :pep:`445`-based ``pyfailmalloc`` tool (:issue:`18408`, " +":issue:`18520`)." +msgstr "" +"多个有关 MemoryError 的崩溃问题被 Victor Stinner 使用他基于 :pep:`445` 的 ``pyfailmalloc`` " +"工具加以确定并修复 (:issue:`18408`, :issue:`18520`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1991 +msgid "" +"The ``pyvenv`` command now accepts a ``--copies`` option to use copies " +"rather than symlinks even on systems where symlinks are the default. " +"(Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`18807`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``pyvenv`` 命令接受一个 ``--copies`` 选项以使用拷贝而不是符号链接，即使在默认使用符号链接的系统上也是如此。 （由 " +"Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`18807` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:1995 +msgid "" +"The ``pyvenv`` command also accepts a ``--without-pip`` option to suppress " +"the otherwise-automatic bootstrapping of pip into the virtual environment. " +"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`19552` as part of the :pep:`453` " +"implementation.)" +msgstr "" +"``pyvenv`` 命令也接受一个 ``--without-pip`` 选项用来抑制在其他情况下将自动将 pip 初始设置到虚拟环境中。 （作为 " +":pep:`453` 实现的一部分由 Nick Coghlan 在 :issue:`19552` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2000 +msgid "" +"The encoding name is now optional in the value set for the " +":envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` environment variable. This makes it possible to " +"set just the error handler, without changing the default encoding. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`18818`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在编码格式名称在 :envvar:`PYTHONIOENCODING` 环境变量的设置值中将为可选项。 " +"这使得只设置错误处理器而不改变默认编码格式成为可能。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`18818` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2005 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, and :mod:`gzip` module ``open`` functions now " +"support ``x`` (exclusive creation) mode. (Contributed by Tim Heaney and " +"Vajrasky Kok in :issue:`19201`, :issue:`19222`, and :issue:`19223`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`bz2`, :mod:`lzma`, and :mod:`gzip` 模块的 ``open`` 函数已支持 ``x`` (独占式创建)" +" 模式。 （由 Tim Heaney 和 Vajrasky Kok 在 :issue:`19201`, :issue:`19222` 和 " +":issue:`19223` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2011 +msgid "Significant Optimizations" +msgstr "显著的优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2013 +msgid "" +"The UTF-32 decoder is now 3x to 4x faster. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka" +" in :issue:`14625`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 UTF-32 解码器获得了 3x 至 4x 的提速。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`14625` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2016 +msgid "" +"The cost of hash collisions for sets is now reduced. Each hash table probe " +"now checks a series of consecutive, adjacent key/hash pairs before " +"continuing to make random probes through the hash table. This exploits " +"cache locality to make collision resolution less expensive. The collision " +"resolution scheme can be described as a hybrid of linear probing and open " +"addressing. The number of additional linear probes defaults to nine. This " +"can be changed at compile-time by defining LINEAR_PROBES to be any value. " +"Set LINEAR_PROBES=0 to turn-off linear probing entirely. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`18771`.)" +msgstr "" +"针对集合的哈希碰撞的耗费现在已被降低。 每次哈希表检测现在会先检查一系列连续的、相邻的键/哈希值对再继续对整个哈希表执行随机检测。 " +"这将利用缓存本地化来使得碰撞求解付出较少代价。 这种碰撞求解方案可被描述为线性检测和开放寻址的结合。 额外的线性检测数默认为九次。 这可以在编译时通过将" +" LINEAR_PROBES 定义为任意值来修改。 设置 LINEAR_PROBES=0 可完全关闭线性检测。 （由 Raymond Hettinger" +" 在 :issue:`18771` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2027 +msgid "" +"The interpreter starts about 30% faster. A couple of measures lead to the " +"speedup. The interpreter loads fewer modules on startup, e.g. the :mod:`re`," +" :mod:`collections` and :mod:`locale` modules and their dependencies are no " +"longer imported by default. The marshal module has been improved to load " +"compiled Python code faster. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, Christian " +"Heimes and Victor Stinner in :issue:`19219`, :issue:`19218`, :issue:`19209`," +" :issue:`19205` and :issue:`9548`.)" +msgstr "" +"解释器启动速度加快了约 30%。 多项措施促成了此次加速。 解释器在启动时加载的模块有所减少，例如 :mod:`re`, " +":mod:`collections` 和 :mod:`locale` 模块及其依赖默认不再被导入。 marshal 模块得到改进以便更快速地加载已编译的" +" Python 代码。 （由 Antoine Pitrou, Christian Heimes 和 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`19219`, :issue:`19218`, :issue:`19209`, :issue:`19205` 和 " +":issue:`9548` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2035 +msgid "" +":class:`bz2.BZ2File` is now as fast or faster than the Python2 version for " +"most cases. :class:`lzma.LZMAFile` has also been optimized. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka and Nadeem Vawda in :issue:`16034`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`bz2.BZ2File` 在多数情况下相比 Python2 版本速度都一样快更快或。 :class:`lzma.LZMAFile`" +" 也获得了优化。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Nadeem Vawda 在 :issue:`16034` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2039 +msgid "" +":func:`random.getrandbits` is 20%-40% faster for small integers (the most " +"common use case). (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16674`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`random.getrandbits` 对于小整数（最常见的应用场景）可加速 20%-40%。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在" +" :issue:`16674` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2042 +msgid "" +"By taking advantage of the new storage format for strings, pickling of " +"strings is now significantly faster. (Contributed by Victor Stinner and " +"Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`15596`.)" +msgstr "" +"得益于字符串的新存储格式，对字符串执行 pickle 操作现在将有明显加速。 （由 Victor Stinner 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`15596` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2046 +msgid "" +"A performance issue in :meth:`io.FileIO.readall` has been solved. This " +"particularly affects Windows, and significantly speeds up the case of piping" +" significant amounts of data through :mod:`subprocess`. (Contributed by " +"Richard Oudkerk in :issue:`15758`.)" +msgstr "" +"一个 :meth:`io.FileIO.readall` 中的性能问题已被解决。 这对 Windows 有更具体的情况，将显著地提升通过 " +":mod:`subprocess` 以管道方式传递大量数据这一应用场景下的速度。 （由 Richard Oudkerk 在 :issue:`15758`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2051 +msgid "" +":func:`html.escape` is now 10x faster. (Contributed by Matt Bryant in " +":issue:`18020`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`html.escape` 获得了 10x 速度提升。 （由 Matt Bryant 在 :issue:`18020` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2054 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the native ``VirtualAlloc`` is now used instead of the CRT " +"``malloc`` in ``obmalloc``. Artificial benchmarks show about a 3% memory " +"savings." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，现在将使用原生的 ``VirtualAlloc`` 而不是 ``obmalloc`` 中的 CRT ``malloc``。 " +"人工基准测试显示可节省约 3% 的内存。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2058 +msgid "" +":func:`os.urandom` now uses a lazily opened persistent file descriptor so as" +" to avoid using many file descriptors when run in parallel from multiple " +"threads. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`18756`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`os.urandom` 会使用延迟打开的持久性文件描述符以避免在从多个线程并行时使用过多的文件描述符。 （由 Antoine " +"Pitrou 在 :issue:`18756` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2066 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2068 +msgid "" +"This section covers various APIs and other features that have been " +"deprecated in Python 3.4, and will be removed in Python 3.5 or later. In " +"most (but not all) cases, using the deprecated APIs will produce a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` when the interpreter is run with deprecation " +"warnings enabled (for example, by using ``-Wd``)." +msgstr "" +"本小节列出了已在 Python 3.4 中弃用，并将在 Python 3.5 或之后的版本中移除的各种 API 和其他特性。 " +"在大多数（但并非全部）情况下，在解释器运行时设置了弃用警告时（例如通过使用 ``-Wd`` 选项）使用已弃用的 API 将产生 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2076 +msgid "Deprecations in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 中的弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2078 +msgid "" +"As mentioned in :ref:`whatsnew-pep-451`, a number of :mod:`importlib` " +"methods and functions are deprecated: :meth:`!importlib.find_loader` is " +"replaced by :func:`importlib.util.find_spec`; " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_module` is replaced by " +":meth:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec`; " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` is replaced by " +":meth:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec`; " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader` and :meth:`!find_module` " +"are replaced by :meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec`; all of the " +":samp:`{xxx}Loader` ABC ``load_module`` methods " +"(:meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.load_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.InspectLoader.load_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.FileLoader.load_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.SourceLoader.load_module`) should no longer be " +"implemented, instead loaders should implement an ``exec_module`` method " +"(:meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`, " +":meth:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader.exec_module` " +":meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.exec_module`) and let the import system " +"take care of the rest; and :meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr`, " +":meth:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader`, " +":meth:`!importlib.util.set_loader`, and :meth:`!importlib.util.set_package` " +"are no longer needed because their functions are now handled automatically " +"by the import system." +msgstr "" +"正如 :ref:`whatsnew-pep-451` 所提及的，:mod:`importlib` 中的多个方法和函数已被弃用: " +":meth:`!importlib.find_loader` 被 :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` 替代; " +":meth:`!importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_module` 被 " +":meth:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_spec` 替代; " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module` 被 " +":meth:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec` 替代; " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader` 和 :meth:`!find_module` 被 " +":meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec` 替代; 所有的 :samp:`{xxx}Loader` " +"ABC ``load_module`` 方法 (:meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.load_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.InspectLoader.load_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.FileLoader.load_module`, " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.SourceLoader.load_module`) 应当不再被实现，加载器应当改为实现 " +"``exec_module`` 方法 (:meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`, " +":meth:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader.exec_module` " +":meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.exec_module`) 并让导入系统处理其余的操作; 而 " +":meth:`!importlib.abc.Loader.module_repr`, " +":meth:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader`, " +":meth:`!importlib.util.set_loader` 和 :meth:`!importlib.util.set_package` " +"已不再需要因为它们的功能现在将由导入系统自动处理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2103 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!imp` module is pending deprecation. To keep compatibility with " +"Python 2/3 code bases, the module's removal is currently not scheduled." +msgstr ":mod:`!imp` 模块已被弃用。 为保持与 Python 2/3 基础代码的兼容性，目前还没有移除该模块的计划。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2106 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`formatter` module is pending deprecation and is slated for removal" +" in Python 3.6." +msgstr ":mod:`formatter` 模块已被弃用并计划在 Python 3.6 中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"``MD5`` as the default *digestmod* for the :func:`hmac.new` function is " +"deprecated. Python 3.6 will require an explicit digest name or constructor " +"as *digestmod* argument." +msgstr "" +"将 ``MD5`` 作为 :func:`hmac.new` 函数的默认 *digestmod* 的设置已被弃用。 Python 3.6 " +"将要求以一个显式的摘要名称或构造器作为 *digestmod* 参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2113 +msgid "" +"The internal ``Netrc`` class in the :mod:`ftplib` module has been documented" +" as deprecated in its docstring for quite some time. It now emits a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` and will be removed completely in Python 3.5." +msgstr "" +"很长一段时间以来 :mod:`ftplib` 模块中的内部 ``Netrc`` 类在其文档字符串中被声明为已弃用。 现在它将发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 并将在 Python 3.5 中完全移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2117 +msgid "" +"The undocumented *endtime* argument to :meth:`subprocess.Popen.wait` should " +"not have been exposed and is hopefully not in use; it is deprecated and will" +" mostly likely be removed in Python 3.5." +msgstr "" +"传给 :meth:`subprocess.Popen.wait` 的未写入文档的 *endtime* 参数不应被公开也不应被使用；它已被弃用并很可能在 " +"Python 3.5 中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2121 +msgid "" +"The *strict* argument of :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` is deprecated." +msgstr ":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` 的 *strict* 参数已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2123 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`plistlib` :func:`~plistlib.readPlist`, " +":func:`~plistlib.writePlist`, :func:`~plistlib.readPlistFromBytes`, and " +":func:`~plistlib.writePlistToBytes` functions are deprecated in favor of the" +" corresponding new functions :func:`~plistlib.load`, :func:`~plistlib.dump`," +" :func:`~plistlib.loads`, and :func:`~plistlib.dumps`. " +":func:`~plistlib.Data` is deprecated in favor of just using the " +":class:`bytes` constructor." +msgstr "" +":mod:`plistlib` :func:`~plistlib.readPlist`, :func:`~plistlib.writePlist`, " +":func:`~plistlib.readPlistFromBytes` 和 :func:`~plistlib.writePlistToBytes` " +"等函数已被弃用而应改用相应的新函数 :func:`~plistlib.load`, :func:`~plistlib.dump`, " +":func:`~plistlib.loads` 和 :func:`~plistlib.dumps`。 :func:`~plistlib.Data` " +"已被弃用而应直接使用 :class:`bytes` 构造器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2130 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`sysconfig` key ``SO`` is deprecated, it has been replaced by " +"``EXT_SUFFIX``." +msgstr ":mod:`sysconfig` 的键 ``SO`` 已被弃用，它已被 ``EXT_SUFFIX`` 所替代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2133 +msgid "" +"The ``U`` mode accepted by various ``open`` functions is deprecated. In " +"Python3 it does not do anything useful, and should be replaced by " +"appropriate uses of :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` (if needed) and its *newline* " +"argument." +msgstr "" +"各种 ``open`` 函数所接受的 ``U`` 模式已被弃用。 在 Python3 中它已不再有任何实际作用，并应当改用适当的 " +":class:`io.TextIOWrapper` (如有必要) 及其 *newline* 参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2138 +msgid "" +"The *parser* argument of :func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` has been " +"deprecated, as has the *html* argument of " +":func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser`. To prepare for the removal of the" +" latter, all arguments to ``XMLParser`` should be passed by keyword." +msgstr "" +":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse` 的 *parser* 参数，就如 " +":func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` 的 *html* 参数一样。 要对后者的移除做好准备，所有 " +"``XMLParser`` 的参数都应当以关键字形式传入。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2145 +msgid "Deprecated Features" +msgstr "弃用的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2147 +msgid "" +"Running :ref:`idle` with the ``-n`` flag (no subprocess) is deprecated. " +"However, the feature will not be removed until :issue:`18823` is resolved." +msgstr "" +"运行 :ref:`idle` 时附带 ``-n`` 旗标（无子进程）的做法已被弃用。 但是，该特性在 :issue:`18823` " +"解决之前将不会被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2150 +msgid "" +"The site module adding a \"site-python\" directory to sys.path, if it " +"exists, is deprecated (:issue:`19375`)." +msgstr "site 模块在 \"site-python\" 目录存在的情况下 sys.path 添加该目录的做法已被弃用 (:issue:`19375`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2156 +msgid "Removed" +msgstr "移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2160 +msgid "Operating Systems No Longer Supported" +msgstr "不再支持的操作系统" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2162 +msgid "" +"Support for the following operating systems has been removed from the source" +" and build tools:" +msgstr "从源代码和构建工具中删除了对以下操作系统的支持：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2165 +msgid "OS/2 (:issue:`16135`)." +msgstr "OS/2 (:issue:`16135`)." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2166 +msgid "Windows 2000 (changeset e52df05b496a)." +msgstr "Windows 2000（变更集e52df05b496a）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"Windows systems where ``COMSPEC`` points to ``command.com`` " +"(:issue:`14470`)." +msgstr "Windows系统中 ``COMSPEC`` 指向 ``command.com`` 的版本（ :issue:`14470` ）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2168 +msgid "VMS (:issue:`16136`)." +msgstr "VMS (:issue:`16136`)." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2172 +msgid "API and Feature Removals" +msgstr "API 与特性的移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2174 +msgid "" +"The following obsolete and previously deprecated APIs and features have been" +" removed:" +msgstr "以下过时并在之前版本中弃用的 API 和特性现已被移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2177 +msgid "" +"The unmaintained ``Misc/TextMate`` and ``Misc/vim`` directories have been " +"removed (see the `devguide `_ for suggestions " +"on what to use instead)." +msgstr "" +"不再继续维护的 ``Misc/TextMate`` 和 ``Misc/vim`` 目录已被移除（请参阅 `devguide " +"`_ 了解相关替代器的使用建议）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2181 +msgid "" +"The ``SO`` makefile macro is removed (it was replaced by the " +"``SHLIB_SUFFIX`` and ``EXT_SUFFIX`` macros) (:issue:`16754`)." +msgstr "" +"``SO`` makefile 宏已被移除（被 ``SHLIB_SUFFIX`` 和 ``EXT_SUFFIX`` 宏所替代） " +"(:issue:`16754`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2184 +msgid "" +"The ``PyThreadState.tick_counter`` field has been removed; its value has " +"been meaningless since Python 3.2, when the \"new GIL\" was introduced " +"(:issue:`19199`)." +msgstr "" +"``PyThreadState.tick_counter`` 字段已被移除；该字段值自 Python 3.2 即 \"新 GIL\" " +"被引入时起就不再有意义了 (:issue:`19199`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2188 +msgid "" +"``PyLoader`` and ``PyPycLoader`` have been removed from :mod:`importlib`. " +"(Contributed by Taras Lyapun in :issue:`15641`.)" +msgstr "" +"``PyLoader`` 和 ``PyPycLoader`` 已从 :mod:`importlib` 中移除。 （由 Taras Lyapun 在 " +":issue:`15641` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2191 +msgid "" +"The *strict* argument to :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` and " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` has been removed. HTTP 0.9-style " +"\"Simple Responses\" are no longer supported." +msgstr "" +":class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` 和 :class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection`" +" 的 *strict* 参数已被移除。 HTTP 0.9 风格的 \"简单响应\" 不再受到支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2195 +msgid "" +"The deprecated :mod:`urllib.request.Request` getter and setter methods " +"``add_data``, ``has_data``, ``get_data``, ``get_type``, ``get_host``, " +"``get_selector``, ``set_proxy``, ``get_origin_req_host``, and " +"``is_unverifiable`` have been removed (use direct attribute access instead)." +msgstr "" +"被弃用的 :mod:`urllib.request.Request` 读取和设置方法 ``add_data``, ``has_data``, " +"``get_data``, ``get_type``, ``get_host``, ``get_selector``, ``set_proxy``, " +"``get_origin_req_host`` 和 ``is_unverifiable`` 已被移除（请改为直接属性访问）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2200 +msgid "" +"Support for loading the deprecated ``TYPE_INT64`` has been removed from " +":mod:`marshal`. (Contributed by Dan Riti in :issue:`15480`.)" +msgstr "" +"对加载已弃用的 ``TYPE_INT64`` 的支持已从 :mod:`marshal` 中被移除。 （由 Dan Riti 在 " +":issue:`15480` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2203 +msgid "" +":class:`inspect.Signature`: positional-only parameters are now required to " +"have a valid name." +msgstr ":class:`inspect.Signature`: 仅限位置形参现在需要有一个合法的名称。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2206 +msgid "" +":meth:`object.__format__` no longer accepts non-empty format strings, it now" +" raises a :exc:`TypeError` instead. Using a non-empty string has been " +"deprecated since Python 3.2. This change has been made to prevent a " +"situation where previously working (but incorrect) code would start failing " +"if an object gained a __format__ method, which means that your code may now " +"raise a :exc:`TypeError` if you are using an ``'s'`` format code with " +"objects that do not have a __format__ method that handles it. See " +":issue:`7994` for background." +msgstr "" +":meth:`object.__format__` 不再接受非空格式字符串，它现在会改为引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 使用非空字符串自 " +"Python 3.2 起已被弃用。 做出此项改变是为了防止当对象获得 __format__ " +"方法时之前可用（但不正确）的代码执行失败的情况，这意味着现在当你对没有用于处理 ``'s'`` 的 __format__ " +"方法的对象使用该格式代码时你的代码可能会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 请参阅 :issue:`7994` 了解相关背景。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2215 +msgid "" +":meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.isbjunk` and " +":meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.isbpopular` were deprecated in 3.2, and have " +"now been removed: use ``x in sm.bjunk`` and ``x in sm.bpopular``, where *sm*" +" is a :class:`~difflib.SequenceMatcher` object (:issue:`13248`)." +msgstr "" +":meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.isbjunk` 和 " +":meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.isbpopular` 已在 3.2 中被弃用，现在已被移除：请使用 ``x in " +"sm.bjunk`` 和 ``x in sm.bpopular``，其中 *sm* 是一个 " +":class:`~difflib.SequenceMatcher` 对象 (:issue:`13248`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2223 +msgid "Code Cleanups" +msgstr "代码清理" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2225 +msgid "" +"The unused and undocumented internal ``Scanner`` class has been removed from" +" the :mod:`pydoc` module." +msgstr "未被使用并且未写入文档的内部 ``Scanner`` 类已从 :mod:`pydoc` 模块中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2228 +msgid "" +"The private and effectively unused ``_gestalt`` module has been removed, " +"along with the private :mod:`platform` functions ``_mac_ver_lookup``, " +"``_mac_ver_gstalt``, and ``_bcd2str``, which would only have ever been " +"called on badly broken OSX systems (see :issue:`18393`)." +msgstr "" +"私有并且实际未使用的 ``_gestalt`` 模块已被移除，同时移除了私有的 :mod:`platform` 函数 " +"``_mac_ver_lookup``, ``_mac_ver_gstalt`` 和 ``_bcd2str``，它们仅会在严重过时的 OSX " +"系统上被调用 (参见 :issue:`18393`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2233 +msgid "" +"The hardcoded copies of certain :mod:`stat` constants that were included in " +"the :mod:`tarfile` module namespace have been removed." +msgstr "曾经包括于 :mod:`tarfile` 模块命名空间的某些 :mod:`stat` 常量的硬编码副本已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2239 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.4" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.4" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2241 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2246 +msgid "Changes in 'python' Command Behavior" +msgstr " 'python' 命令行为的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2248 +msgid "" +"In a posix shell, setting the :envvar:`PATH` environment variable to an " +"empty value is equivalent to not setting it at all. However, setting " +":envvar:`PYTHONPATH` to an empty value was *not* equivalent to not setting " +"it at all: setting :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` to an empty value was equivalent to " +"setting it to ``.``, which leads to confusion when reasoning by analogy to " +"how :envvar:`PATH` works. The behavior now conforms to the posix convention" +" for :envvar:`PATH`." +msgstr "" +"在 posix shell 中，将 :envvar:`PATH` 环境变量设为空值就等于完全不设置。 不过，将 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`" +" 设为空值则 *不等于* 完全不设置：将 :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` 设为空值等于将其设为 ``.``，这在类 " +":envvar:`PATH` 运作方式来进行理解时会导致困惑。 现在的行为将与 posix 中 :envvar:`PATH` 的惯例保持一致。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"The [X refs, Y blocks] output of a debug (``--with-pydebug``) build of the " +"CPython interpreter is now off by default. It can be re-enabled using the " +"``-X showrefcount`` option. (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in " +":issue:`17323`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 CPython 解释器的调试构建版 (``--with-pydebug``) 的 [X refs, Y blocks] 输出默认将关闭。 可以使用" +" ``-X showrefcount`` 选项来重新启用它。 （由 Ezio Melotti 在 :issue:`17323` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2260 +msgid "" +"The python command and most stdlib scripts (as well as :mod:`argparse`) now " +"output ``--version`` information to ``stdout`` instead of ``stderr`` (for " +"issue list see :ref:`other-improvements-3.4` above)." +msgstr "" +"现在 python 命令和大多数标准库脚本（和 :mod:`argparse` 一样）会将 ``--version`` 信息输出到 ``stdout``" +" 而不是 ``stderr`` (相关问题列表参见上面的 :ref:`other-improvements-3.4`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2266 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2268 +msgid "" +"The ABCs defined in :mod:`importlib.abc` now either raise the appropriate " +"exception or return a default value instead of raising " +":exc:`NotImplementedError` blindly. This will only affect code calling " +":func:`super` and falling through all the way to the ABCs. For " +"compatibility, catch both :exc:`NotImplementedError` or the appropriate " +"exception as needed." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`importlib.abc` 中定义的 ABC 现在将会引发适当的异常或是返回默认值而不是无脑引发 " +":exc:`NotImplementedError`。 这将只影响调用 :func:`super` 并一路下落到这些 ABC 的代码。 " +"为保持兼容性，:exc:`NotImplementedError` 和所需的相应异常都要被捕获。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2274 +msgid "" +"The module type now initializes the :attr:`~module.__package__` and " +":attr:`~module.__loader__` attributes to ``None`` by default. To determine " +"if these attributes were set in a backwards-compatible fashion, use e.g. " +"``getattr(module, '__loader__', None) is not None``. (:issue:`17115`.)" +msgstr "" +"模块类型现在默认会将 :attr:`~module.__package__` 和 :attr:`~module.__loader__` 属性初始化为 " +"``None``。 要确定这些属性是否以向下兼容的方式被设置，可使用像 ``getattr(module, '__loader__', None) is" +" not None`` 这样的写法。 (:issue:`17115`。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2280 +msgid "" +":meth:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader` now sets ``__loader__`` and " +"``__package__`` unconditionally to properly support reloading. If this is " +"not desired then you will need to set these attributes manually. You can use" +" :func:`importlib.util.module_to_load` for module management." +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader` 会无条件地设置 ``__loader__`` 和 " +"``__package__`` 以正确地支持重加载。 如果不希望如此那么你将需要手动设置这些属性。 你可以使用 " +":func:`importlib.util.module_to_load` 进行模块管理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2285 +msgid "" +"Import now resets relevant attributes (e.g. ``__name__``, ``__loader__``, " +"``__package__``, ``__file__``, ``__cached__``) unconditionally when " +"reloading. Note that this restores a pre-3.3 behavior in that it means a " +"module is re-found when re-loaded (:issue:`19413`)." +msgstr "" +"当重载时 import 操作现在会无条件地重置相关属性 (例如 ``__name__``, ``__loader__``, " +"``__package__``, ``__file__``, ``__cached__``)。 请注意在模块重载时会被重发现这一点上该操作恢复了 3.3" +" 之前的行为 (:issue:`19413`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2290 +msgid "" +"Frozen packages no longer set ``__path__`` to a list containing the package " +"name, they now set it to an empty list. The previous behavior could cause " +"the import system to do the wrong thing on submodule imports if there was " +"also a directory with the same name as the frozen package. The correct way " +"to determine if a module is a package or not is to use ``hasattr(module, " +"'__path__')`` (:issue:`18065`)." +msgstr "" +"冻结的包将不再把 ``__path__`` 设为一个包含包名的列表，它们现在会把它设为一个空列表。 " +"当存在与冻结的包同名的目录时之前版本的行为可能会使导入系统错误地处理子模块。 确定一个模块是否属于包的正确方式是使用 ``hasattr(module," +" '__path__')`` (:issue:`18065`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2297 +msgid "" +"Frozen modules no longer define a ``__file__`` attribute. It's semantically " +"incorrect for frozen modules to set the attribute as they are not loaded " +"from any explicit location. If you must know that a module comes from frozen" +" code then you can see if the module's ``__spec__.location`` is set to " +"``'frozen'``, check if the loader is a subclass of " +":class:`importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter`, or if Python 2 compatibility is" +" necessary you can use :func:`!imp.is_frozen`." +msgstr "" +"冻结的包将不再定义 ``__file__`` 属性。 对冻结模块设置该属性在语义上是不正确的因为它们并不是从任何显式位置加载。 " +"如果你必须知道一个模块是来自冻结的代码那么你可以查看该模块的 ``__spec__.location`` 是否被设为 " +"``'frozen'``，检测加载器是否为 :class:`importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter` 的子类，或者如果需要" +" Python 2 兼容性则可以使用 :func:`!imp.is_frozen`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2305 +msgid "" +":func:`py_compile.compile` now raises :exc:`FileExistsError` if the file " +"path it would write to is a symlink or a non-regular file. This is to act as" +" a warning that import will overwrite those files with a regular file " +"regardless of what type of file path they were originally." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`py_compile.compile` 在它要写入的文件路径是符号链接或非常规文件时会引发 " +":exc:`FileExistsError`。 这是为了提示导入系统将用一个常规文件覆盖相应文件而不管原始文件路径是什么类型而发出的警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2310 +msgid "" +":meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.get_source` no longer raises " +":exc:`ImportError` when the source code being loaded triggers a " +":exc:`SyntaxError` or :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`. As :exc:`ImportError` is " +"meant to be raised only when source code cannot be found but it should, it " +"was felt to be over-reaching/overloading of that meaning when the source " +"code is found but improperly structured. If you were catching ImportError " +"before and wish to continue to ignore syntax or decoding issues, catch all " +"three exceptions now." +msgstr "" +"当被加载的源代码触发了 :exc:`SyntaxError` 或 :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` 时 " +":meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.get_source` 将不再引发 :exc:`ImportError`。 因为 " +":exc:`ImportError` 本意只是在应该找到源代码但却找不到时被引发，而在源代码已找到但结构不正确时使用此异常会感觉有些过度/过载。 " +"如果你在之前是捕获 ImportError 并希望继续忽略语法或解码问题，现在应当捕获所有这三个异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2319 +msgid "" +":func:`functools.update_wrapper` and :func:`functools.wraps` now correctly " +"set the ``__wrapped__`` attribute to the function being wrapped, even if " +"that function also had its ``__wrapped__`` attribute set. This means " +"``__wrapped__`` attributes now correctly link a stack of decorated functions" +" rather than every ``__wrapped__`` attribute in the chain referring to the " +"innermost function. Introspection libraries that assumed the previous " +"behaviour was intentional can use :func:`inspect.unwrap` to access the first" +" function in the chain that has no ``__wrapped__`` attribute." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`functools.update_wrapper` 和 :func:`functools.wraps` 会正确地将 " +"``__wrapped__`` 属性设为被包装的函数，即使该函数同样设置了 ``__wrapped__`` 属性。 这意味着 " +"``__wrapped__`` 属性现在会正确地链接由被装饰函数组成的栈而不是链中指向最内层函数的的每个 ``__wrapped__`` 属性。 " +"确定要沿袭之前版本行为的内省库可以使用 :func:`inspect.unwrap` 来访问链中没有 ``__wrapped__`` 属性的第一个函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2329 +msgid "" +":func:`inspect.getfullargspec` has been reimplemented on top of " +":func:`inspect.signature` and hence handles a much wider variety of callable" +" objects than it did in the past. It is expected that additional builtin and" +" extension module callables will gain signature metadata over the course of " +"the Python 3.4 series. Code that assumes that :func:`inspect.getfullargspec`" +" will fail on non-Python callables may need to be adjusted accordingly." +msgstr "" +":func:`inspect.getfullargspec` 已在 :func:`inspect.signature` " +"之上重新实现因而能够处理比之前更多种类的可调用对象。 预计在 Python 3.4 系列发布过程中将会有更多内置和扩展模块的可调用对象获得签名元数据。 " +"假定 :func:`inspect.getfullargspec` 会在非 Python 可调用对象上出错的代码可能需要做相应的调整。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2337 +msgid "" +":class:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder` now passes on the current working " +"directory to objects in :data:`sys.path_hooks` for the empty string. This " +"results in :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` never containing ``''``, thus " +"iterating through :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` based on :data:`sys.path` " +"will not find all keys. A module's ``__file__`` when imported in the current" +" working directory will also now have an absolute path, including when using" +" ``-m`` with the interpreter (except for ``__main__.__file__`` when a script" +" has been executed directly using a relative path) (Contributed by Brett " +"Cannon in :issue:`18416`). is specified on the command-line) " +"(:issue:`18416`)." +msgstr "" +"对于空字符串 :class:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder` 现在会将当前工作目录传给 " +":data:`sys.path_hooks` 中的对象。 这导致 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 绝不会包含 " +"``''``，因此基于 :data:`sys.path` 迭代 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 将不无找出所有的键。 " +"当从当前工作目录导入时模块的 ``__file__`` 现在也将是一个绝对路径，包括在命令行中指定解释器使用 ``-m`` " +"的情况（但当一个脚本已经直接使用相对路径被执行时的 ``__main__.__file__`` 除外） （由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`18416` 中贡献）。 (:issue:`18416`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2348 +msgid "" +"The removal of the *strict* argument to :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection`" +" and :class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` changes the meaning of the " +"remaining arguments if you are specifying them positionally rather than by " +"keyword. If you've been paying attention to deprecation warnings your code " +"should already be specifying any additional arguments via keywords." +msgstr "" +"传给 :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` 和 " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` 的 *strict* " +"参数被移除会改变剩余参数的含义，如果你是以位置参数而不是关键字参数方式指定它们的话。 " +"如果你已经注意到弃用警告那么你的代码应当已经通过关键字参数方式指定所有额外参数了。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2354 +msgid "" +"Strings between ``from __future__ import ...`` statements now *always* raise" +" a :exc:`SyntaxError`. Previously if there was no leading docstring, an " +"interstitial string would sometimes be ignored. This brings CPython into " +"compliance with the language spec; Jython and PyPy already were. " +"(:issue:`17434`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``from __future__ import ...`` 语句之间的字符串 *总是* 会引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。 " +"在之前版本中如果没有开头的文档字符串，则中间的字符串有时会被忽略。 这使得 CPython 与语言规范保持一致；Jython 和 PyPy " +"已经是这样了。 (:issue:`17434`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2360 +msgid "" +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` and :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.do_handshake` now" +" raise an :exc:`OSError` with ``ENOTCONN`` when the ``SSLSocket`` is not " +"connected, instead of the previous behavior of raising an " +":exc:`AttributeError`. In addition, :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` will" +" raise a :exc:`ValueError` if the handshake has not yet been done." +msgstr "" +"当 ``SSLSocket`` 未连接时 :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` 和 " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.do_handshake` 现在会引发 :exc:`OSError` 并附带 " +"``ENOTCONN``，而非如之前版本的行为那样引发 :exc:`AttributeError`。 此外，当握手尚未完成时 " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` 将会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2366 +msgid "" +":func:`base64.b32decode` now raises a :exc:`binascii.Error` when the input " +"string contains non-b32-alphabet characters, instead of a :exc:`TypeError`." +" This particular :exc:`TypeError` was missed when the other " +":exc:`TypeError`\\ s were converted. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`18011`.) Note: this change was also inadvertently applied in Python" +" 3.3.3." +msgstr "" +"当输入字符串包含 non-b32-alphabet 字符时 :func:`base64.b32decode` 现在会引发 " +":exc:`binascii.Error`，而不是 :exc:`TypeError`。 之前在其他 :exc:`TypeError` 被转换时这个 " +":exc:`TypeError` 被忽略了。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`18011` 中贡献。） " +"注意：这项修改也被非故意地应用到了 Python 3.3.3。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2373 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`!file` attribute is now automatically closed when the creating " +":class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` instance is garbage collected. If you were " +"pulling the file object out separately from the :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` " +"instance and not keeping the instance alive, then you should either store " +"the entire :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` instance or read the contents of the " +"file before the :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` instance is garbage collected." +msgstr "" +"当正在创建的 :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` 实例被作为垃圾回收时 :attr:`!file` 属性现在会自动关闭。 " +"如果你要单独从 :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` 实例取出文件对象而不让该实例保持存活，那么你应当在 " +":class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` 实例被作为垃圾回收之前存储整个 :class:`!cgi.FieldStorage` " +"实例或读取文件的内容。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2380 +msgid "" +"Calling ``read`` or ``write`` on a closed SSL socket now raises an " +"informative :exc:`ValueError` rather than the previous more mysterious " +":exc:`AttributeError` (:issue:`9177`)." +msgstr "" +"在已关闭的 SSL 套接字上调用 ``read`` 或 ``write`` 现在会引发更具信息量的 :exc:`ValueError` " +"而非之前更令人困惑的 :exc:`AttributeError` (:issue:`9177`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2384 +msgid "" +":meth:`slice.indices` no longer produces an :exc:`OverflowError` for huge " +"values. As a consequence of this fix, :meth:`slice.indices` now raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` if given a negative length; previously it returned " +"nonsense values (:issue:`14794`)." +msgstr "" +"对于巨大数值 :meth:`slice.indices` 将不再产生 :exc:`OverflowError`。 作为此项修复的结果，当给予负的长度时 " +":meth:`slice.indices` 现在会引发 :exc:`ValueError`；在之前版本中它会返回无意义的值 " +"(:issue:`14794`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2389 +msgid "" +"The :class:`complex` constructor, unlike the :mod:`cmath` functions, was " +"incorrectly accepting :class:`float` values if an object's ``__complex__`` " +"special method returned one. This now raises a :exc:`TypeError`. " +"(:issue:`16290`.)" +msgstr "" +"与 :mod:`cmath` 中的函数不同，当一个对象的 ``__complex__`` 特殊方法返回 :class:`float` 值时 " +":class:`complex` 构造器会不正确地接受它。 现在这会引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 (:issue:`16290`。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2394 +msgid "" +"The :class:`int` constructor in 3.2 and 3.3 erroneously accepts " +":class:`float` values for the *base* parameter. It is unlikely anyone was " +"doing this, but if so, it will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` " +"(:issue:`16772`)." +msgstr "" +"在 3.2 和 3.3 中的 :class:`int` 构造器会错误地接受 :class:`float` 值作为 *base* 形参。 " +"多数人不太可能这样做，但如果真的如此，现在它将引发 :exc:`TypeError` (:issue:`16772`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2398 +msgid "" +"Defaults for keyword-only arguments are now evaluated *after* defaults for " +"regular keyword arguments, instead of before. Hopefully no one wrote any " +"code that depends on the previous buggy behavior (:issue:`16967`)." +msgstr "" +"现在仅限关键字参数的默认值将在常规关键字参数的默认值 *之后* 被求值，而非之前。 希望没有人写过任何依赖于之前的有缺陷行为的代码 " +"(:issue:`16967`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2402 +msgid "" +"Stale thread states are now cleared after :func:`~os.fork`. This may cause " +"some system resources to be released that previously were incorrectly kept " +"perpetually alive (for example, database connections kept in thread-local " +"storage). (:issue:`17094`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在陈旧的线程状态将在 :func:`~os.fork` 之后被清除。 " +"这可能导致某些之前被不正确地保持永久存活的系统资源（例如，保存在本线程存储中的数据库连接）被释放。 (:issue:`17094`。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2407 +msgid "" +"Parameter names in ``__annotations__`` dicts are now mangled properly, " +"similarly to :attr:`~function.__kwdefaults__`. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`20625`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``__annotations__`` 字典中的形参名称将被正确地处理，具体方式与 " +":attr:`~function.__kwdefaults__` 类似。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`20625` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2411 +msgid "" +":attr:`hashlib.hash.name` now always returns the identifier in lower case. " +"Previously some builtin hashes had uppercase names, but now that it is a " +"formal public interface the naming has been made consistent " +"(:issue:`18532`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 :attr:`hashlib.hash.name` 将总是返回小写形式的标识符。 " +"在之前版本中某些内置哈希具有大写的名称，但现在它已成为命名方式保持一致的正式公有接口 (:issue:`18532`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2415 +msgid "" +"Because :mod:`unittest.TestSuite` now drops references to tests after they " +"are run, test harnesses that reuse a :class:`~unittest.TestSuite` to re-run " +"a set of tests may fail. Test suites should not be re-used in this fashion" +" since it means state is retained between test runs, breaking the test " +"isolation that :mod:`unittest` is designed to provide. However, if the lack" +" of isolation is considered acceptable, the old behavior can be restored by " +"creating a :mod:`~unittest.TestSuite` subclass that defines a " +"``_removeTestAtIndex`` method that does nothing (see " +":meth:`.TestSuite.__iter__`) (:issue:`11798`)." +msgstr "" +"因为现在 :mod:`unittest.TestSuite` 会在测试被运行后丢弃对它们的引用，所以那些重用 " +":class:`~unittest.TestSuite` 来重新运行测试集的测试套件可能会失败。 " +"测试套件不应以这样的方式被重用，因为这意味着状态会在多次测试运行之间保持不变，破坏 :mod:`unittest` 设计时要提供的测试状态隔离。 " +"不过，如果缺乏隔离被视为是可接受的，则可通过创建定义了不执行任何操作的 ``_removeTestAtIndex`` 方法的 " +":mod:`~unittest.TestSuite` 子类来恢复旧版行为 (参见 :meth:`.TestSuite.__iter__`) " +"(:issue:`11798`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2425 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest` now uses :mod:`argparse` for command line parsing. There " +"are certain invalid command forms that used to work that are no longer " +"allowed; in theory this should not cause backward compatibility issues since" +" the disallowed command forms didn't make any sense and are unlikely to be " +"in use." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`unittest` 会使用 :mod:`argparse` 执行命令行解析。 " +"有些过去可用的不合法命令形式将不再被允许；理论上说这不会导致向下兼容性问题因为这些不允许的命令形式没有任何意义也不大可能会被使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2430 +msgid "" +"The :func:`re.split`, :func:`re.findall`, and :func:`re.sub` functions, and " +"the :meth:`~re.match.group` and :meth:`~re.match.groups` methods of " +"``match`` objects now always return a *bytes* object when the string to be " +"matched is a :term:`bytes-like object`. Previously the return type matched " +"the input type, so if your code was depending on the return value being, " +"say, a ``bytearray``, you will need to change your code." +msgstr "" +"现在当要匹配的对象类型为 :term:`bytes-like object` 时 :func:`re.split`, " +":func:`re.findall` 和 :func:`re.sub` 等函数，以及 ``match`` 对象的 " +":meth:`~re.match.group` 和 :meth:`~re.match.groups` 方法将总是返回 *bytes* 对象。 " +"在之前版本中返回类型将与输入类型相匹配，因此如果你的代码依赖于返回值必须为 ``bytearray`` 之类的行为，你将需要修改你的代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2437 +msgid "" +":mod:`!audioop` functions now raise an error immediately if passed string " +"input, instead of failing randomly later on (:issue:`16685`)." +msgstr "现在当输入字符串时 :mod:`!audioop` 的函数会立即引发错误，而不是稍后随机出错 (:issue:`16685`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2440 +msgid "" +"The new *convert_charrefs* argument to :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` " +"currently defaults to ``False`` for backward compatibility, but will " +"eventually be changed to default to ``True``. It is recommended that you " +"add this keyword, with the appropriate value, to any " +":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` calls in your code (:issue:`13633`)." +msgstr "" +"新增的传给 :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` 的 *convert_charrefs* 参数目前默认为 " +"``False`` 以保持向下兼容，但最终将修改成默认为 ``True``。 建议你在你的代码中为所有 " +":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` 调用添加此关键字，并设置适当的值 (:issue:`13633`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2446 +msgid "" +"Since the *digestmod* argument to the :func:`hmac.new` function will in the " +"future have no default, all calls to :func:`hmac.new` should be changed to " +"explicitly specify a *digestmod* (:issue:`17276`)." +msgstr "" +"由于传给 :func:`hmac.new` 函数的 *digestmod* 参数在未来将不设默认值，所有对 :func:`hmac.new` " +"的调用都应当修改为显式地指定 *digestmod* (:issue:`17276`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2450 +msgid "" +"Calling :func:`sysconfig.get_config_var` with the ``SO`` key, or looking " +"``SO`` up in the results of a call to :func:`sysconfig.get_config_vars` is " +"deprecated. This key should be replaced by ``EXT_SUFFIX`` or " +"``SHLIB_SUFFIX``, depending on the context (:issue:`19555`)." +msgstr "" +"附带 ``SO`` 键调用 :func:`sysconfig.get_config_var`，或者在对 " +":func:`sysconfig.get_config_vars` 的调用结果中查找 ``SO`` 的做法已被弃用。 该键应当被 " +"``EXT_SUFFIX`` 或 ``SHLIB_SUFFIX`` 替代，由具体场景决定 (:issue:`19555`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2455 +msgid "" +"Any calls to ``open`` functions that specify ``U`` should be modified. ``U``" +" is ineffective in Python3 and will eventually raise an error if used. " +"Depending on the function, the equivalent of its old Python2 behavior can be" +" achieved using either a *newline* argument, or if necessary by wrapping the" +" stream in :mod:`~io.TextIOWrapper` to use its *newline* argument " +"(:issue:`15204`)." +msgstr "" +"任何指定了 ``U`` 的 ``open`` 函数调用都应当被修改。 ``U`` 在 Python3 将没有效果并且最终会在被使用时引发错误。 " +"对于该函数，要得到与它的旧 Python2 行为相同的效果可以使用 *newline* 参数，或者在必要时将流包装在 " +":mod:`~io.TextIOWrapper` 以使用其 *newline* 参数 (:issue:`15204`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2462 +msgid "" +"If you use ``pyvenv`` in a script and desire that pip *not* be installed, " +"you must add ``--without-pip`` to your command invocation." +msgstr "" +"如果你在脚本中使用 ``pyvenv`` 并且希望 *不要* 安装 pip，你必须在你的唤起命令中添加 ``--without-pip``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2466 +msgid "" +"The default behavior of :func:`json.dump` and :func:`json.dumps` when an " +"indent is specified has changed: it no longer produces trailing spaces after" +" the item separating commas at the ends of lines. This will matter only if " +"you have tests that are doing white-space-sensitive comparisons of such " +"output (:issue:`16333`)." +msgstr "" +":func:`json.dump` 和 :func:`json.dumps` " +"在指定了缩进值时的默认行为已被改变：它不会在行末的条目分隔逗号后面再附加空格。 此项改变仅在你使用了对这样的输出执行空格敏感比较的测试时才会有影响 " +"(:issue:`16333`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2472 +msgid "" +":mod:`doctest` now looks for doctests in extension module ``__doc__`` " +"strings, so if your doctest test discovery includes extension modules that " +"have things that look like doctests in them you may see test failures you've" +" never seen before when running your tests (:issue:`3158`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`doctest` 会在扩展模块的 ``__doc__`` 字符串中寻找 doctest，因此如果你的 doctest " +"测试发现包括具有类似 doctest 内容的扩展模块那么你可能会遇到在你之前运行测试时从未遇到过的测试失败 (:issue:`3158`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2477 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`collections.abc` module has been slightly refactored as part of " +"the Python startup improvements. As a consequence of this, it is no longer " +"the case that importing :mod:`collections` automatically imports " +":mod:`collections.abc`. If your program depended on the (undocumented) " +"implicit import, you will need to add an explicit ``import collections.abc``" +" (:issue:`20784`)." +msgstr "" +"作为 Python 启动过程改进的一部分 :mod:`collections.abc` 模块进行了小幅度的重构。 作为此项重构的结果，导入 " +":mod:`collections` 将不再自动导入 :mod:`collections.abc`。 " +"如果你的程序依赖于这个（未写入文档的）隐式导入，你将需要添加显式的 ``import collections.abc`` " +"(:issue:`20784`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2486 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2488 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyEval_EvalFrameEx`, :c:func:`PyObject_Repr`, and " +":c:func:`PyObject_Str`, along with some other internal C APIs, now include a" +" debugging assertion that ensures they are not used in situations where they" +" may silently discard a currently active exception. In cases where " +"discarding the active exception is expected and desired (for example, " +"because it has already been saved locally with :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` or is " +"being deliberately replaced with a different exception), an explicit " +":c:func:`PyErr_Clear` call will be needed to avoid triggering the assertion " +"when invoking these operations (directly or indirectly) and running against " +"a version of Python that is compiled with assertions enabled." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyEval_EvalFrameEx`, :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` 和 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Str` 以及其他一些内部 C API " +"都包括了一个调试断言，以确保它们不会在可能会静默地丢弃当前活动异常的情况下使用。 在预期并且希望丢弃活动异常的情况下（例如，由于已通过 " +":c:func:`PyErr_Fetch` 将其保存在本地或是有意将其替换为不同的异常 ），则需调用显式的 :c:func:`PyErr_Clear` " +"以避免在（直接或间接）唤起这些操作和针对启用断言编译的 Python 的版本运行时触发断言。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2500 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_SetImportError` now sets :exc:`TypeError` when its **msg** " +"argument is not set. Previously only ``NULL`` was returned with no exception" +" set." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyErr_SetImportError` 在其 **msg** 参数未被设置时会设置 :exc:`TypeError`。 " +"在之前版本中仅会返回 ``NULL`` 而不设置异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2504 +msgid "" +"The result of the :c:data:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` callback must now " +"be a string allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` or " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`, or ``NULL`` if an error occurred, instead of a " +"string allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` " +"(:issue:`16742`)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:data:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` 回调的结果必须是一个由 " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 分配的字符串，或者如果发生错误则为 " +"``NULL``，而不是由 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 分配的字符串 " +"(:issue:`16742`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2510 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value` now always set the value. In Python 3.3, " +"the function did nothing if the key already exists (if the current value is " +"a non-``NULL`` pointer)." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyThread_set_key_value` 总是会设置值。 在 Python 3.3 中，如果键已存在（如果当前值为非 " +"``NULL`` 指针）该函数将不执行任何操作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2514 +msgid "" +"The ``f_tstate`` (thread state) field of the :c:type:`PyFrameObject` " +"structure has been removed to fix a bug: see :issue:`14432` for the " +"rationale." +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyFrameObject` 结构体的 ``f_tstate`` (线程状态) 字段已被移除以修复一个程序错误；相关理由参见 " +":issue:`14432`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2519 +msgid "Changed in 3.4.3" +msgstr "3.4.3 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2524 +msgid "" +"PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http " +"clients" +msgstr "PEP 476: 默认为 stdlib http 客户端启用证书验证" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2526 +msgid "" +":mod:`http.client` and modules which use it, such as :mod:`urllib.request` " +"and :mod:`xmlrpc.client`, will now verify that the server presents a " +"certificate which is signed by a CA in the platform trust store and whose " +"hostname matches the hostname being requested by default, significantly " +"improving security for many applications." +msgstr "" +":mod:`http.client` 及其他依赖它的模块，比如 :mod:`urllib.request` 和 " +":mod:`xmlrpc.client`，现在将验证服务器是否提供了由平台信任的仓库中的 CA " +"签名的证书并且其主机名与默认被请求的主机名相匹配，这将显著提升许多应用程序的安全性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2532 +msgid "" +"For applications which require the old previous behavior, they can pass an " +"alternate context::" +msgstr "对于需要之前版本的旧有行为的应用程序，可以传入一个替代的上下文::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.4.rst:2535 +msgid "" +"import urllib.request\n" +"import ssl\n" +"\n" +"# This disables all verification\n" +"context = ssl._create_unverified_context()\n" +"\n" +"# This allows using a specific certificate for the host, which doesn't need\n" +"# to be in the trust store\n" +"context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=\"/path/to/file.crt\")\n" +"\n" +"urllib.request.urlopen(\"https://invalid-cert\", context=context)" +msgstr "" +"import urllib.request\n" +"import ssl\n" +"\n" +"# 这将禁用所有验证\n" +"context = ssl._create_unverified_context()\n" +"\n" +"# 这将允许为主机使用指定证书，\n" +"# 它无须位于受信任的证书存储库中\n" +"context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=\"/path/to/file.crt\")\n" +"\n" +"urllib.request.urlopen(\"https://invalid-cert\", context=context)" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.5.po b/whatsnew/3.5.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0fc710ec3 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.5.po @@ -0,0 +1,4818 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汇民 王 , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# nick <2330458484@qq.com>, 2021 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Sean Chao , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2022 +# lian Wu (Wulian) , 2025 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.5" +msgstr "Python 3.5 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:0 +msgid "Editors" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:5 +msgid "Elvis Pranskevichus , Yury Selivanov " +msgstr "Elvis Pranskevichus , Yury Selivanov " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.5, compared to 3.4. " +"Python 3.5 was released on September 13, 2015.  See the `changelog " +"`_ for a full list of " +"changes." +msgstr "" +"这篇文章介绍了 Python 3.5 相比 3.4 增加的新特性。 Python 3.5 发布于 2015 年 9 月 13 日。 " +"更完整的变化清单请参阅 `changelog " +"`_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:54 +msgid ":pep:`478` - Python 3.5 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`478` - Python 3.5 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:58 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:60 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:62 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 492 `, coroutines with async and await syntax." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 492 `, 使用 async 和 await 语法实现协程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:63 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 465 `, a new matrix multiplication operator: ``a" +" @ b``." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 465 `, 新的矩阵乘法运算符: ``a @ b``." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:64 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 448 `, additional unpacking generalizations." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 448 `, 额外的解包通用化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:67 +msgid "New library modules:" +msgstr "新的库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:69 +msgid ":mod:`typing`: :ref:`PEP 484 -- Type Hints `." +msgstr ":mod:`typing`: :ref:`PEP 484 —— 类型注解 `." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:70 +msgid "" +":mod:`zipapp`: :ref:`PEP 441 Improving Python ZIP Application Support " +"`." +msgstr ":mod:`zipapp`: :ref:`PEP 441 改进Python ZIP应用程序支持 `." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:74 +msgid "New built-in features:" +msgstr "新的内置特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:76 +msgid "" +"``bytes % args``, ``bytearray % args``: :ref:`PEP 461 ` --" +" Adding ``%`` formatting to bytes and bytearray." +msgstr "" +"``bytes % args``, ``bytearray % args``: :ref:`PEP 461 ` --" +" 为字节串和字节数组增加 ``%`` 格式化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:79 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`bytes.hex`, :meth:`bytearray.hex` and :meth:`memoryview.hex` " +"methods. (Contributed by Arnon Yaari in :issue:`9951`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`bytes.hex`, :meth:`bytearray.hex` 和 :meth:`memoryview.hex` 方法。 （由 " +"Arnon Yaari 在 :issue:`9951` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:82 +msgid "" +":class:`memoryview` now supports tuple indexing (including multi-" +"dimensional). (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`23632`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`memoryview` 现在支持元组索引（包括多维度）。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`23632` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:85 +msgid "" +"Generators have a new ``gi_yieldfrom`` attribute, which returns the object " +"being iterated by ``yield from`` expressions. (Contributed by Benno Leslie " +"and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24450`.)" +msgstr "" +"生成器具有一个新的 ``gi_yieldfrom`` 属性，它将返回 ``yield from`` 表达式所迭代的对象。 （由 Benno Leslie" +" 和 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`24450` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:89 +msgid "" +"A new :exc:`RecursionError` exception is now raised when maximum recursion " +"depth is reached. (Contributed by Georg Brandl in :issue:`19235`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当达到最大递归尝试时将引发新的 :exc:`RecursionError` 异常。 （由 Georg Brandl 在 :issue:`19235`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:94 +msgid "CPython implementation improvements:" +msgstr "CPython 实现的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:96 +msgid "" +"When the ``LC_TYPE`` locale is the POSIX locale (``C`` locale), " +":py:data:`sys.stdin` and :py:data:`sys.stdout` now use the " +"``surrogateescape`` error handler, instead of the ``strict`` error handler. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`19977`.)" +msgstr "" +"当 ``LC_TYPE`` 语言区域为 POSIX 语言区域（即 ``C`` 语言区域）时，:py:data:`sys.stdin` 和 " +":py:data:`sys.stdout` 现在将使用 ``surrogateescape`` 错误处理器，而不是 ``strict`` 错误处理器。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`19977` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:101 +msgid "" +"``.pyo`` files are no longer used and have been replaced by a more flexible " +"scheme that includes the optimization level explicitly in ``.pyc`` name. " +"(See :ref:`PEP 488 overview `.)" +msgstr "" +"``.pyo`` 文件已不再被使用而是被替换为一个更灵活的方案即在 ``.pyc`` 名称中显式地包括优化级别。 （参见 :ref:`PEP 488 " +"概览 `。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:105 +msgid "" +"Builtin and extension modules are now initialized in a multi-phase process, " +"which is similar to how Python modules are loaded. (See :ref:`PEP 489 " +"overview `.)" +msgstr "" +"内置与扩展模块现在将经过多阶段的过程被初始化，这类似于 Python 模块的加载方式。 （参见 :ref:`PEP 489 概览 `。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:110 +msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:" +msgstr "标准库中的重大改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:112 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.OrderedDict` is now :ref:`implemented in C `, which makes it 4 to 100 times faster." +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.OrderedDict` 现在已 :ref:`用 C 实现 `，这使它的速度快了 4 到 100 部。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:116 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ssl` module gained :ref:`support for Memory BIO `, which decouples SSL protocol handling from network IO." +msgstr "" +"The :mod:`ssl` 模块获得了 :ref:`对内存 BIO 的支持 `，它使得 SSL " +"协议处理与网络 IO 实现了解耦。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:120 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`os.scandir` function provides a :ref:`better and " +"significantly faster way ` of directory traversal." +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`os.scandir` 函数提供了对于目录遍历 :ref:`更好和明显更快速的方式 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:124 +msgid "" +":func:`functools.lru_cache` has been mostly :ref:`reimplemented in C " +"`, yielding much better performance." +msgstr "" +":func:`functools.lru_cache` 已经大部分 :ref:`用 C 重新实现 `，产生了更好的性能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:128 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`subprocess.run` function provides a :ref:`streamlined way to " +"run subprocesses `." +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`subprocess.run` 函数提供了一个 :ref:`运行子进程的简便方式 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:131 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`traceback` module has been significantly :ref:`enhanced ` for improved performance and developer convenience." +msgstr ":mod:`traceback` 模块已被显著 :ref:`增强 ` 以改善性能和开发者便捷度。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:136 +msgid "Security improvements:" +msgstr "安全改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:138 +msgid "" +"SSLv3 is now disabled throughout the standard library. It can still be " +"enabled by instantiating a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` manually. (See " +":issue:`22638` for more details; this change was backported to CPython 3.4 " +"and 2.7.)" +msgstr "" +"SSLv3 目前在整个标准库中被禁用。 它仍然可以通过手动实例化一个 :class:`ssl.SSLContext` 来启用。 （请参阅 " +":issue:`22638` 了解详情；此修改已向下移植到 CPython 3.4 和 2.7。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:143 +msgid "" +"HTTP cookie parsing is now stricter, in order to protect against potential " +"injection attacks. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`22796`.)" +msgstr "" +"HTTP cookie 解析现在将更严格，以防止潜在的注入攻击。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`22796` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:148 +msgid "Windows improvements:" +msgstr "Windows改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:150 +msgid "" +"A new installer for Windows has replaced the old MSI. See :ref:`using-on-" +"windows` for more information." +msgstr "使用新的 Windows 安装器替代了旧版 MSI。 请参阅 :ref:`using-on-windows` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:153 +msgid "" +"Windows builds now use Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0, and extension modules " +"should use the same." +msgstr "Windows 编译版现在使用 Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0，扩展模块也应当使用同一版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:157 +msgid "" +"Please read on for a comprehensive list of user-facing changes, including " +"many other smaller improvements, CPython optimizations, deprecations, and " +"potential porting issues." +msgstr "请继续阅读有关针对用户的改变的完整清单，包括许多其他较小的改进、CPython 优化、弃用以及潜在的移植问题。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:163 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:168 +msgid "PEP 492 - Coroutines with async and await syntax" +msgstr "PEP 492 - 使用 async 和 await 语法实现协程" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:170 +msgid "" +":pep:`492` greatly improves support for asynchronous programming in Python " +"by adding :term:`awaitable objects `, :term:`coroutine functions " +"`, :term:`asynchronous iteration `, and :term:`asynchronous context managers `." +msgstr "" +":pep:`492` 通过添加 :term:`可等待对象 `, :term:`协程函数 `, :term:`异步迭代 ` 和 :term:`异步上下文管理器 " +"` 极大地改善了 Python 对异步编程的支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:176 +msgid "" +"Coroutine functions are declared using the new :keyword:`async def` syntax::" +msgstr "协程函数是使用新的 :keyword:`async def` 语法来声明的::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:178 +msgid "" +">>> async def coro():\n" +"... return 'spam'" +msgstr "" +">>> async def coro():\n" +"... return 'spam'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:181 +msgid "" +"Inside a coroutine function, the new :keyword:`await` expression can be used" +" to suspend coroutine execution until the result is available. Any object " +"can be *awaited*, as long as it implements the :term:`awaitable` protocol by" +" defining the :meth:`__await__` method." +msgstr "" +"在协程函数内部，新的 :keyword:`await` 表达式可用于挂起协程的执行直到其结果可用。 任何对象都可以被 *等待*，只要它通过定义 " +":meth:`__await__` 方法实现了 :term:`awaitable` 协议。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:186 +msgid "" +"PEP 492 also adds :keyword:`async for` statement for convenient iteration " +"over asynchronous iterables." +msgstr "PEP 492 还增加了 :keyword:`async for` 语句用于方便地迭代异步可迭代对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:189 +msgid "An example of a rudimentary HTTP client written using the new syntax::" +msgstr "一个使用新语法编写的基本 HTTP 客户端示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:191 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def http_get(domain):\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(domain, 80)\n" +"\n" +" writer.write(b'\\r\\n'.join([\n" +" b'GET / HTTP/1.1',\n" +" b'Host: %b' % domain.encode('latin-1'),\n" +" b'Connection: close',\n" +" b'', b''\n" +" ]))\n" +"\n" +" async for line in reader:\n" +" print('>>>', line)\n" +"\n" +" writer.close()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(http_get('example.com'))\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def http_get(domain):\n" +" reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(domain, 80)\n" +"\n" +" writer.write(b'\\r\\n'.join([\n" +" b'GET / HTTP/1.1',\n" +" b'Host: %b' % domain.encode('latin-1'),\n" +" b'Connection: close',\n" +" b'', b''\n" +" ]))\n" +"\n" +" async for line in reader:\n" +" print('>>>', line)\n" +"\n" +" writer.close()\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(http_get('example.com'))\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Similarly to asynchronous iteration, there is a new syntax for asynchronous " +"context managers. The following script::" +msgstr "与异步迭代类似，增加了用于异步上下文管理器的新语法。 以下代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:218 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def coro(name, lock):\n" +" print('coro {}: waiting for lock'.format(name))\n" +" async with lock:\n" +" print('coro {}: holding the lock'.format(name))\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('coro {}: releasing the lock'.format(name))\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()\n" +"lock = asyncio.Lock()\n" +"coros = asyncio.gather(coro(1, lock), coro(2, lock))\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(coros)\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def coro(name, lock):\n" +" print('coro {}: waiting for lock'.format(name))\n" +" async with lock:\n" +" print('coro {}: holding the lock'.format(name))\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(1)\n" +" print('coro {}: releasing the lock'.format(name))\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()\n" +"lock = asyncio.Lock()\n" +"coros = asyncio.gather(coro(1, lock), coro(2, lock))\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(coros)\n" +"finally:\n" +" loop.close()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:235 +msgid "will output::" +msgstr "将输出：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:237 +msgid "" +"coro 2: waiting for lock\n" +"coro 2: holding the lock\n" +"coro 1: waiting for lock\n" +"coro 2: releasing the lock\n" +"coro 1: holding the lock\n" +"coro 1: releasing the lock" +msgstr "" +"coro 2: waiting for lock\n" +"coro 2: holding the lock\n" +"coro 1: waiting for lock\n" +"coro 2: releasing the lock\n" +"coro 1: holding the lock\n" +"coro 1: releasing the lock" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:244 +msgid "" +"Note that both :keyword:`async for` and :keyword:`async with` can only be " +"used inside a coroutine function declared with :keyword:`async def`." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :keyword:`async for` 和 :keyword:`async with` 都只能在通过 :keyword:`async def`" +" 声明的协程函数中使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:247 +msgid "" +"Coroutine functions are intended to be run inside a compatible event loop, " +"such as the :ref:`asyncio loop `." +msgstr "协程函数应当在兼容的事件循环内部运行，例如 :ref:`asyncio 循环 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:253 +msgid "" +"Starting with CPython 3.5.2, ``__aiter__`` can directly return " +":term:`asynchronous iterators `. Returning an " +":term:`awaitable` object will result in a :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "" +"从 CPython 3.5.2 开始，``__aiter__`` 可以直接返回 :term:`异步迭代器 `。 返回 :term:`awaitable` 对象将会导致 :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:259 +msgid "See more details in the :ref:`async-iterators` documentation section." +msgstr "详情参见文档的 :ref:`async-iterators` 一节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:265 +msgid ":pep:`492` -- Coroutines with async and await syntax" +msgstr ":pep:`492` -- 使用 async 和 await 语法实现协程" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:266 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "PEP 由 Yury Selivanov 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:272 +msgid "PEP 465 - A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication" +msgstr "PEP 465 - 用于矩阵乘法的专用中缀运算符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:274 +msgid "" +":pep:`465` adds the ``@`` infix operator for matrix multiplication. " +"Currently, no builtin Python types implement the new operator, however, it " +"can be implemented by defining :meth:`__matmul__`, :meth:`__rmatmul__`, and " +":meth:`__imatmul__` for regular, reflected, and in-place matrix " +"multiplication. The semantics of these methods is similar to that of " +"methods defining other infix arithmetic operators." +msgstr "" +":pep:`465` 增加了用于矩阵乘法的 ``@`` 中缀运算符。 目前，还没有内置的 Python 类型实现这个新运算符，不过，它可通过定义 " +":meth:`__matmul__`, :meth:`__rmatmul__` 和 :meth:`__imatmul__` " +"分别用于常规、反射和原地矩阵乘法来实现。 这些方法的语义与定义其他中缀算术运算符的方法类似。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:281 +msgid "" +"Matrix multiplication is a notably common operation in many fields of " +"mathematics, science, engineering, and the addition of ``@`` allows writing " +"cleaner code::" +msgstr "矩阵乘法在数学，科学，工程学的许多领域中是一种常见的操作，使用 ``@`` 运算符可以编写更简洁的代码：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:285 +msgid "S = (H @ beta - r).T @ inv(H @ V @ H.T) @ (H @ beta - r)" +msgstr "S = (H @ beta - r).T @ inv(H @ V @ H.T) @ (H @ beta - r)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:287 +msgid "instead of::" +msgstr "代替：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:289 +msgid "" +"S = dot((dot(H, beta) - r).T,\n" +" dot(inv(dot(dot(H, V), H.T)), dot(H, beta) - r))" +msgstr "" +"S = dot((dot(H, beta) - r).T,\n" +" dot(inv(dot(dot(H, V), H.T)), dot(H, beta) - r))" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:292 +msgid "NumPy 1.10 has support for the new operator::" +msgstr "NumPy 1.10 支持新的运算符：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:294 +msgid "" +">>> import numpy\n" +"\n" +">>> x = numpy.ones(3)\n" +">>> x\n" +"array([ 1., 1., 1.])\n" +"\n" +">>> m = numpy.eye(3)\n" +">>> m\n" +"array([[ 1., 0., 0.],\n" +" [ 0., 1., 0.],\n" +" [ 0., 0., 1.]])\n" +"\n" +">>> x @ m\n" +"array([ 1., 1., 1.])" +msgstr "" +">>> import numpy\n" +"\n" +">>> x = numpy.ones(3)\n" +">>> x\n" +"array([ 1., 1., 1.])\n" +"\n" +">>> m = numpy.eye(3)\n" +">>> m\n" +"array([[ 1., 0., 0.],\n" +" [ 0., 1., 0.],\n" +" [ 0., 0., 1.]])\n" +"\n" +">>> x @ m\n" +"array([ 1., 1., 1.])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:312 +msgid ":pep:`465` -- A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication" +msgstr ":pep:`465` -- 用于矩阵乘法的专用中缀运算符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:313 +msgid "PEP written by Nathaniel J. Smith; implemented by Benjamin Peterson." +msgstr "PEP 由 Nathaniel J. Smith 撰写，由 Benjamin Peterson 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:319 +msgid "PEP 448 - Additional Unpacking Generalizations" +msgstr "PEP 448 - 进一步的解包标准化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:321 +msgid "" +":pep:`448` extends the allowed uses of the ``*`` iterable unpacking operator" +" and ``**`` dictionary unpacking operator. It is now possible to use an " +"arbitrary number of unpackings in :ref:`function calls `::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`448` 扩展了 ``*`` 可迭代对象解包操作符和 ``**`` 字典解包操作符的允许使用范围。 现在将可以在 :ref:`函数调用 " +"` 中使用任意数量的解包操作::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:325 +msgid "" +">>> print(*[1], *[2], 3, *[4, 5])\n" +"1 2 3 4 5\n" +"\n" +">>> def fn(a, b, c, d):\n" +"... print(a, b, c, d)\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +">>> fn(**{'a': 1, 'c': 3}, **{'b': 2, 'd': 4})\n" +"1 2 3 4" +msgstr "" +">>> print(*[1], *[2], 3, *[4, 5])\n" +"1 2 3 4 5\n" +"\n" +">>> def fn(a, b, c, d):\n" +"... print(a, b, c, d)\n" +"...\n" +"\n" +">>> fn(**{'a': 1, 'c': 3}, **{'b': 2, 'd': 4})\n" +"1 2 3 4" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:335 +msgid "" +"Similarly, tuple, list, set, and dictionary displays allow multiple " +"unpackings (see :ref:`exprlists` and :ref:`dict`)::" +msgstr "类似地，元组、列表、集合与字典表示形式也允许多重解包 (参见 :ref:`exprlists` 和 :ref:`dict`)::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:338 +msgid "" +">>> *range(4), 4\n" +"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n" +"\n" +">>> [*range(4), 4]\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n" +"\n" +">>> {*range(4), 4, *(5, 6, 7)}\n" +"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\n" +"\n" +">>> {'x': 1, **{'y': 2}}\n" +"{'x': 1, 'y': 2}" +msgstr "" +">>> *range(4), 4\n" +"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n" +"\n" +">>> [*range(4), 4]\n" +"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n" +"\n" +">>> {*range(4), 4, *(5, 6, 7)}\n" +"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\n" +"\n" +">>> {'x': 1, **{'y': 2}}\n" +"{'x': 1, 'y': 2}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:352 +msgid ":pep:`448` -- Additional Unpacking Generalizations" +msgstr ":pep:`448` -- 进一步的解包标准化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:353 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Joshua Landau; implemented by Neil Girdhar, Thomas Wouters, " +"and Joshua Landau." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Joshua Landau 撰写 ，由 Neil Girdhar，Thomas Wouters 和 Joshua Landau 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:360 +msgid "PEP 461 - percent formatting support for bytes and bytearray" +msgstr "PEP 461 - 针对 bytes 和 bytearray 的百分号格式化支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:362 +msgid "" +":pep:`461` adds support for the ``%`` :ref:`interpolation operator ` to :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`461` 增加了 ``%`` :ref:`插值运算符 ` 对 :class:`bytes` 和 " +":class:`bytearray` 的支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:366 +msgid "" +"While interpolation is usually thought of as a string operation, there are " +"cases where interpolation on ``bytes`` or ``bytearrays`` makes sense, and " +"the work needed to make up for this missing functionality detracts from the " +"overall readability of the code. This issue is particularly important when " +"dealing with wire format protocols, which are often a mixture of binary and " +"ASCII compatible text." +msgstr "" +"虽然插值通常被认为是一种字符串操作，但在某些情况下针对 ``bytes`` 或 ``bytearrays`` " +"的插值操作也是有意义，而弥补这种功能缺失所需的工作可能会影响代码的整体可读性。 在处理通常会混合二进制和 ASCII 兼容文本的 wire " +"格式化协议时，这个问题尤为重要。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:373 ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1848 +msgid "Examples::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:375 +msgid "" +">>> b'Hello %b!' % b'World'\n" +"b'Hello World!'\n" +"\n" +">>> b'x=%i y=%f' % (1, 2.5)\n" +"b'x=1 y=2.500000'" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Hello %b!' % b'World'\n" +"b'Hello World!'\n" +"\n" +">>> b'x=%i y=%f' % (1, 2.5)\n" +"b'x=1 y=2.500000'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:381 +msgid "" +"Unicode is not allowed for ``%b``, but it is accepted by ``%a`` (equivalent " +"of ``repr(obj).encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')``)::" +msgstr "" +"Unicode 对于 ``%b`` 来说是不允许的，但对 ``%a`` 来说则是可接受的 (等价于 " +"``repr(obj).encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace')``)::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:384 +msgid "" +">>> b'Hello %b!' % 'World'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: %b requires bytes, or an object that implements __bytes__, not 'str'\n" +"\n" +">>> b'price: %a' % '10€'\n" +"b\"price: '10\\\\u20ac'\"" +msgstr "" +">>> b'Hello %b!' % 'World'\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: %b requires bytes, or an object that implements __bytes__, not 'str'\n" +"\n" +">>> b'price: %a' % '10€'\n" +"b\"price: '10\\\\u20ac'\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Note that ``%s`` and ``%r`` conversion types, although supported, should " +"only be used in codebases that need compatibility with Python 2." +msgstr "请注意 ``%s`` 和 ``%r`` 转换类型虽然受到支持，但应当只被用于需要与 Python 2 保持兼容性的代码中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:397 +msgid ":pep:`461` -- Adding % formatting to bytes and bytearray" +msgstr ":pep:`461` -- 为 bytes 和 bytearray 添加 % 格式化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:398 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Ethan Furman; implemented by Neil Schemenauer and Ethan " +"Furman." +msgstr "PEP 由 Ethan Furman 撰写 ，由 Neil Schemenauer 和 Ethan Furman 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:405 +msgid "PEP 484 - Type Hints" +msgstr "PEP 484 —— 类型提示" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Function annotation syntax has been a Python feature since version 3.0 " +"(:pep:`3107`), however the semantics of annotations has been left undefined." +msgstr "函数标注语法自 3.0 版起即已成为 Python 的特性 (:pep:`3107`)，标注的语义尚未得到定义。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:410 +msgid "" +"Experience has shown that the majority of function annotation uses were to " +"provide type hints to function parameters and return values. It became " +"evident that it would be beneficial for Python users, if the standard " +"library included the base definitions and tools for type annotations." +msgstr "" +"经验表明大多数函数标注的使用都是为了向函数形参和返回值提供类型提示。 很显然如果标准库可以包括用于类型标注的基本定义和工具，对 Python " +"用户来说将大有裨益。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:415 +msgid "" +":pep:`484` introduces a :term:`provisional module ` to " +"provide these standard definitions and tools, along with some conventions " +"for situations where annotations are not available." +msgstr "" +":pep:`484` 引入了一个 :term:`暂定模块 ` " +"来提供这些标准定义和工具，以及针对标注不可用的场合的一些惯例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:419 +msgid "" +"For example, here is a simple function whose argument and return type are " +"declared in the annotations::" +msgstr "例如，以下是一个在标注中声明了参数和返回值类型的简单函数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:422 +msgid "" +"def greeting(name: str) -> str:\n" +" return 'Hello ' + name" +msgstr "" +"def greeting(name: str) -> str:\n" +" return 'Hello ' + name" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:425 +msgid "" +"While these annotations are available at runtime through the usual " +":attr:`~object.__annotations__` attribute, *no automatic type checking " +"happens at runtime*. Instead, it is assumed that a separate off-line type " +"checker (e.g. `mypy `_) will be used for on-demand " +"source code analysis." +msgstr "" +"虽然这些标注可在运行时通过常用的 :attr:`~object.__annotations__` 属性来访问，但是 *不会在运行时进行自动类型检查*。 " +"作为替代，应该会为按需执行源代码分析提供一个单独的离线版类型检查器 (例如 `mypy `_)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:431 +msgid "" +"The type system supports unions, generic types, and a special type named " +":class:`~typing.Any` which is consistent with (i.e. assignable to and from) " +"all types." +msgstr "类型系统支持合并、泛型类型以及名为 :class:`~typing.Any` 的能够适用于所有类型（即作为赋值的来源和目标）的特殊类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:437 +msgid ":mod:`typing` module documentation" +msgstr ":mod:`typing` 模块文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:438 +msgid ":pep:`484` -- Type Hints" +msgstr ":pep:`484` —— 类型提示" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:439 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Guido van Rossum, Jukka Lehtosalo, and Łukasz Langa; " +"implemented by Guido van Rossum." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Guido van Rossum，Jukka Lehtosalo 和 Łukasz Langa 撰写；由 Guido van Rossum " +"实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:441 +msgid ":pep:`483` -- The Theory of Type Hints" +msgstr ":pep:`483` -- 类型提示理论" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:442 +msgid "PEP written by Guido van Rossum" +msgstr "PEP 由 Yury Selivanov 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:448 +msgid "" +"PEP 471 - os.scandir() function -- a better and faster directory iterator" +msgstr "PEP 471 - os.scandir() 函数 -- 一个更好且更快的目录迭代器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:450 +msgid "" +":pep:`471` adds a new directory iteration function, :func:`os.scandir`, to " +"the standard library. Additionally, :func:`os.walk` is now implemented " +"using ``scandir``, which makes it 3 to 5 times faster on POSIX systems and 7" +" to 20 times faster on Windows systems. This is largely achieved by greatly" +" reducing the number of calls to :func:`os.stat` required to walk a " +"directory tree." +msgstr "" +":pep:`471` 向标准库添加了一个新的目录迭代函数 :func:`os.scandir`。 此外，:func:`os.walk` 现在是使用 " +"``scandir`` 来实现，这使它在 POSIX 系统上可提速 3 至 5 倍而在 Windows 系统上可提速 7 至 20 倍。 " +"这样的效果主要是通过大幅减少遍历目录树所需调用 :func:`os.stat` 的次数来达成的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:457 +msgid "" +"Additionally, ``scandir`` returns an iterator, as opposed to returning a " +"list of file names, which improves memory efficiency when iterating over " +"very large directories." +msgstr "此外，``scandir`` 是返回一个迭代器，而不是返回一个文件名列表，这提升了迭代非常大的目录时的内存效率。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:461 +msgid "" +"The following example shows a simple use of :func:`os.scandir` to display " +"all the files (excluding directories) in the given *path* that don't start " +"with ``'.'``. The :meth:`entry.is_file() ` call will " +"generally not make an additional system call::" +msgstr "" +"下面的例子演示了 :func:`os.scandir` 的简单用法，显示给定 *path* 中所有不以 ``'.'`` 开头的文件（不包括目录）。 " +":meth:`entry.is_file() ` 调用通常不会执行额外的系统调用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:466 +msgid "" +"for entry in os.scandir(path):\n" +" if not entry.name.startswith('.') and entry.is_file():\n" +" print(entry.name)" +msgstr "" +"for entry in os.scandir(path):\n" +" if not entry.name.startswith('.') and entry.is_file():\n" +" print(entry.name)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:472 +msgid "" +":pep:`471` -- os.scandir() function -- a better and faster directory " +"iterator" +msgstr ":pep:`471` -- os.scandir() 函数 -- 一个更好且更快的目录迭代器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:473 +msgid "" +"PEP written and implemented by Ben Hoyt with the help of Victor Stinner." +msgstr "PEP 由 Ben Hoyt 在 Victor Stinner 的帮助下撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:479 +msgid "PEP 475: Retry system calls failing with EINTR" +msgstr "PEP 475: 重试返回 EINTR 失败码的系统调用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:481 +msgid "" +"An :py:const:`errno.EINTR` error code is returned whenever a system call, " +"that is waiting for I/O, is interrupted by a signal. Previously, Python " +"would raise :exc:`InterruptedError` in such cases. This meant that, when " +"writing a Python application, the developer had two choices:" +msgstr "" +"当一个正在等待 I/O 的系统调用被信号所中断时将会返回一个 :py:const:`errno.EINTR` 错误码。 在之前版本中，Python " +"会在这种情况下引发 :exc:`InterruptedError`。 这意味着在编写 Python 应用程序时，开发者有两种选择：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:486 +msgid "Ignore the ``InterruptedError``." +msgstr "忽略 ``InterruptedError``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:487 +msgid "" +"Handle the ``InterruptedError`` and attempt to restart the interrupted " +"system call at every call site." +msgstr "处理 ``InterruptedError`` 并在每个调用位置尝试重新启动被中断的系统调用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:490 +msgid "" +"The first option makes an application fail intermittently. The second option" +" adds a large amount of boilerplate that makes the code nearly unreadable. " +"Compare::" +msgstr "第一个选项会使应用程序中途出错。 第二个选项添加了大量的额外处理使得代码几乎不可读。 比较::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:494 +msgid "print(\"Hello World\")" +msgstr "print(\"Hello World\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:496 +msgid "and::" +msgstr "和::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:498 +msgid "" +"while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" print(\"Hello World\")\n" +" break\n" +" except InterruptedError:\n" +" continue" +msgstr "" +"while True:\n" +" try:\n" +" print(\"Hello World\")\n" +" break\n" +" except InterruptedError:\n" +" continue" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:505 +msgid "" +":pep:`475` implements automatic retry of system calls on ``EINTR``. This " +"removes the burden of dealing with ``EINTR`` or :exc:`InterruptedError` in " +"user code in most situations and makes Python programs, including the " +"standard library, more robust. Note that the system call is only retried if" +" the signal handler does not raise an exception." +msgstr "" +":pep:`475` 实现了在 ``EINTR`` 时自动重试系统调用。 这移除了大部分场合下在用户代码中处理 ``EINTR`` 或 " +":exc:`InterruptedError` 的负担，并使得 Python 程序，包括标准库的程序更为健壮。 " +"请注意只有在信号处理器未引发异常时系统调用才会被重试。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:512 +msgid "" +"Below is a list of functions which are now retried when interrupted by a " +"signal:" +msgstr "以下是现在当被信号中断时会被重试的函数的列表：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:515 +msgid ":func:`open` and :func:`io.open`;" +msgstr ":func:`open` 和 :func:`io.open`;" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:517 +msgid "functions of the :mod:`faulthandler` module;" +msgstr ":mod:`faulthandler` 模块的功能" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:519 +msgid "" +":mod:`os` functions: :func:`~os.fchdir`, :func:`~os.fchmod`, " +":func:`~os.fchown`, :func:`~os.fdatasync`, :func:`~os.fstat`, " +":func:`~os.fstatvfs`, :func:`~os.fsync`, :func:`~os.ftruncate`, " +":func:`~os.mkfifo`, :func:`~os.mknod`, :func:`~os.open`, " +":func:`~os.posix_fadvise`, :func:`~os.posix_fallocate`, :func:`~os.pread`, " +":func:`~os.pwrite`, :func:`~os.read`, :func:`~os.readv`, " +":func:`~os.sendfile`, :func:`~os.wait3`, :func:`~os.wait4`, " +":func:`~os.wait`, :func:`~os.waitid`, :func:`~os.waitpid`, " +":func:`~os.write`, :func:`~os.writev`;" +msgstr "" +":mod:`os` 函数: :func:`~os.fchdir`, :func:`~os.fchmod`, :func:`~os.fchown`, " +":func:`~os.fdatasync`, :func:`~os.fstat`, :func:`~os.fstatvfs`, " +":func:`~os.fsync`, :func:`~os.ftruncate`, :func:`~os.mkfifo`, " +":func:`~os.mknod`, :func:`~os.open`, :func:`~os.posix_fadvise`, " +":func:`~os.posix_fallocate`, :func:`~os.pread`, :func:`~os.pwrite`, " +":func:`~os.read`, :func:`~os.readv`, :func:`~os.sendfile`, " +":func:`~os.wait3`, :func:`~os.wait4`, :func:`~os.wait`, :func:`~os.waitid`, " +":func:`~os.waitpid`, :func:`~os.write`, :func:`~os.writev`;" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:529 +msgid "" +"special cases: :func:`os.close` and :func:`os.dup2` now ignore " +":py:const:`~errno.EINTR` errors; the syscall is not retried (see the PEP for" +" the rationale);" +msgstr "" +"特殊情况: :func:`os.close` 和 :func:`os.dup2` 现在会忽略 :py:const:`~errno.EINTR` " +"错误；系统调用将不被重试（请参阅 PEP 了解相关的理由）；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:533 +msgid "" +":mod:`select` functions: :func:`devpoll.poll() `, " +":func:`epoll.poll() `, :func:`kqueue.control() " +"`, :func:`poll.poll() `, " +":func:`~select.select`;" +msgstr "" +":mod:`select` 函数: :func:`devpoll.poll() `, " +":func:`epoll.poll() `, :func:`kqueue.control() " +"`, :func:`poll.poll() `, " +":func:`~select.select`;" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:538 +msgid "" +"methods of the :class:`~socket.socket` class: :meth:`~socket.socket.accept`," +" :meth:`~socket.socket.connect` (except for non-blocking sockets), " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recv`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recvfrom`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recvmsg`, :meth:`~socket.socket.send`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.sendall`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.sendto`;" +msgstr "" +":class:`~socket.socket` 类的方法: :meth:`~socket.socket.accept`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.connect` （除了非阻塞套接字）, :meth:`~socket.socket.recv`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.recvfrom`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recvmsg`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.send`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendall`, " +":meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendto`;" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:545 +msgid ":func:`signal.sigtimedwait` and :func:`signal.sigwaitinfo`;" +msgstr ":func:`signal.sigtimedwait` 和 :func:`signal.sigwaitinfo`;" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:547 +msgid ":func:`time.sleep`." +msgstr ":func:`time.sleep`." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:551 +msgid ":pep:`475` -- Retry system calls failing with EINTR" +msgstr ":pep:`475` -- 重试返回 EINTR 失败码的系统调用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:552 +msgid "" +"PEP and implementation written by Charles-François Natali and Victor " +"Stinner, with the help of Antoine Pitrou (the French connection)." +msgstr "" +"PEP 和具体实现由 Charles-François Natali 和 Victor Stinner 撰写，并获得 Antoine Pitrou " +"的协助（同为法国人）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:559 +msgid "PEP 479: Change StopIteration handling inside generators" +msgstr "PEP 479：更改生成器内部的 StopIteration 处理" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:561 +msgid "" +"The interaction of generators and :exc:`StopIteration` in Python 3.4 and " +"earlier was sometimes surprising, and could conceal obscure bugs. " +"Previously, ``StopIteration`` raised accidentally inside a generator " +"function was interpreted as the end of the iteration by the loop construct " +"driving the generator." +msgstr "" +"生成器与 :exc:`StopIteration` 的交互在 Python 3.4 及更早版本中有时会令人惊讶，并可能隐藏难以觉察的程序错误。 " +"在之前版本中，一个生成器函数内部意外引发的 ``StopIteration`` 会被驱动该生成器的循环构造解读为迭代的结束。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:567 +msgid "" +":pep:`479` changes the behavior of generators: when a ``StopIteration`` " +"exception is raised inside a generator, it is replaced with a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` before it exits the generator frame. The main goal of " +"this change is to ease debugging in the situation where an unguarded " +":func:`next` call raises ``StopIteration`` and causes the iteration " +"controlled by the generator to terminate silently. This is particularly " +"pernicious in combination with the ``yield from`` construct." +msgstr "" +":pep:`479` 更改了生成器的行为：当一个 ``StopIteration`` 异常在生成器内部被引发时，它会在其退出生成器所在帧时被替换为 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。 这一更改的主要目的是方便在无防护的 :func:`next` 调用引发了 ``StopIteration`` " +"并导致生成器所控制的迭代静默地终结的情况下进行调试。 此情况在与 ``yield from`` 构造相结合时会特别令人困扰。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:575 +msgid "" +"This is a backwards incompatible change, so to enable the new behavior, a " +":term:`__future__` import is necessary::" +msgstr "这是一个向下不兼容的更改，所以想要启用这个新行为，必须执行 :term:`__future__` 导入::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:578 +msgid "" +">>> from __future__ import generator_stop\n" +"\n" +">>> def gen():\n" +"... next(iter([]))\n" +"... yield\n" +"...\n" +">>> next(gen())\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in gen\n" +"StopIteration\n" +"\n" +"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"RuntimeError: generator raised StopIteration" +msgstr "" +">>> from __future__ import generator_stop\n" +"\n" +">>> def gen():\n" +"... next(iter([]))\n" +"... yield\n" +"...\n" +">>> next(gen())\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 2, in gen\n" +"StopIteration\n" +"\n" +"上述异常是导致以下异常的直接原因：\n" +"\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"RuntimeError: generator raised StopIteration" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:595 +msgid "" +"Without a ``__future__`` import, a :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` will be " +"raised whenever a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised inside a " +"generator." +msgstr "" +"如果未执行 ``__future__`` 导入，当在生成器内部引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常时将导致 " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` 被引发。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:600 +msgid ":pep:`479` -- Change StopIteration handling inside generators" +msgstr ":pep:`479` -- 更改生成器内部的 StopIteration 处理" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:601 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Chris Angelico and Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Chris " +"Angelico, Yury Selivanov and Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Chris Angelico 和 Guido van Rossum 撰写，由 Chris Angelico，Yury Selivanov 和" +" Nick Coghlan 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:608 +msgid "PEP 485: A function for testing approximate equality" +msgstr "PEP 485：用于测试近似相等的函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:610 +msgid "" +":pep:`485` adds the :func:`math.isclose` and :func:`cmath.isclose` functions" +" which tell whether two values are approximately equal or \"close\" to each " +"other. Whether or not two values are considered close is determined " +"according to given absolute and relative tolerances. Relative tolerance is " +"the maximum allowed difference between ``isclose`` arguments, relative to " +"the larger absolute value::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`485` 增加了 :func:`math.isclose` 和 :func:`cmath.isclose` " +"函数用于检测两个值是否近似相等或称“接近”。 两个值是否接近是根据给定的绝对和相对范围来确定的。 相对范围是 ``isclose`` " +"参数之间的最大允许差值，即相对于较大的那个绝对数值的距离::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:617 +msgid "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> a = 5.0\n" +">>> b = 4.99998\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-5)\n" +"True\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-6)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> a = 5.0\n" +">>> b = 4.99998\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-5)\n" +"True\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-6)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:625 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to compare two values using absolute tolerance, which " +"must be a non-negative value::" +msgstr "也可以使用绝对范围来比较两个值，它必须是一个非负数值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:628 +msgid "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> a = 5.0\n" +">>> b = 4.99998\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, abs_tol=0.00003)\n" +"True\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, abs_tol=0.00001)\n" +"False" +msgstr "" +">>> import math\n" +">>> a = 5.0\n" +">>> b = 4.99998\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, abs_tol=0.00003)\n" +"True\n" +">>> math.isclose(a, b, abs_tol=0.00001)\n" +"False" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:638 +msgid ":pep:`485` -- A function for testing approximate equality" +msgstr ":pep:`485` —— 用于测试近似相等的函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:639 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Christopher Barker; implemented by Chris Barker and Tal " +"Einat." +msgstr "PEP 由 Christopher Barker 撰写，由 Chris Barker 和 Tal Einat 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:646 +msgid "PEP 486: Make the Python Launcher aware of virtual environments" +msgstr "PEP 486：让 Python 启动器识别虚拟环境" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:648 +msgid "" +":pep:`486` makes the Windows launcher (see :pep:`397`) aware of an active " +"virtual environment. When the default interpreter would be used and the " +"``VIRTUAL_ENV`` environment variable is set, the interpreter in the virtual " +"environment will be used." +msgstr "" +":pep:`486` 让 Windows 版启动器 (参见 :pep:`397`) 能够识别激活的虚拟环境。 当要使用默认解释器并且设置了 " +"``VIRTUAL_ENV`` 环境变量时，将使用虚拟环境中的解释器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:655 +msgid ":pep:`486` -- Make the Python Launcher aware of virtual environments" +msgstr ":pep:`486` -- 让 Python 启动器识别虚拟环境" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:656 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Paul Moore." +msgstr "PEP 由 Paul Moore 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:662 +msgid "PEP 488: Elimination of PYO files" +msgstr "PEP 488：去除 PYO 文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:664 +msgid "" +":pep:`488` does away with the concept of ``.pyo`` files. This means that " +"``.pyc`` files represent both unoptimized and optimized bytecode. To prevent" +" the need to constantly regenerate bytecode files, ``.pyc`` files now have " +"an optional ``opt-`` tag in their name when the bytecode is optimized. This " +"has the side-effect of no more bytecode file name clashes when running under" +" either :option:`-O` or :option:`-OO`. Consequently, bytecode files " +"generated from :option:`-O`, and :option:`-OO` may now exist simultaneously." +" :func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source` has an updated API to help with " +"this change." +msgstr "" +":pep:`488` 取消了 ``.pyo`` 文件的概念。 这意味着 ``.pyc`` 文件将同时代表未优化和已优化的字节码。 " +"为了防止经常需要重新生成字节码文件，现在 ``.pyc`` 文件可以在其名称中设置可选的 ``opt-`` 标签来表示已优化字节码。 " +"该设置的附带效果是当以 :option:`-O` 和 :option:`-OO` 运行时将不会有字节码文件名冲突。 其结果是，使用 " +":option:`-O` 和 :option:`-OO` 生成的字节码现在可以同时存在。 " +":func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source` 专门针对此项变化更新了 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:676 +msgid ":pep:`488` -- Elimination of PYO files" +msgstr ":pep:`488` -- 去除 PYO 文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:677 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Brett Cannon." +msgstr "PEP 由 Brett Cannon 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:683 +msgid "PEP 489: Multi-phase extension module initialization" +msgstr "PEP 489：多阶段扩展模块初始化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:685 +msgid "" +":pep:`489` updates extension module initialization to take advantage of the " +"two step module loading mechanism introduced by :pep:`451` in Python 3.4." +msgstr ":pep:`489` 更新了扩展模块初始化操作以便利用 Python 3.4 中通过 :pep:`451` 引入的两步模块加载机制的优势。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:688 +msgid "" +"This change brings the import semantics of extension modules that opt-in to " +"using the new mechanism much closer to those of Python source and bytecode " +"modules, including the ability to use any valid identifier as a module name," +" rather than being restricted to ASCII." +msgstr "" +"这一变化让选择使用新机制的扩展模块的导入语义与 Python 源代码和字节码模块的更为接近，包括可以使用任何有效标识符作为模块名称，而不是仅限于 " +"ASCII。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:695 +msgid ":pep:`489` -- Multi-phase extension module initialization" +msgstr ":pep:`489` -- 多阶段扩展模块初始化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:696 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Petr Viktorin, Stefan Behnel, and Nick Coghlan; implemented " +"by Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Petr Viktorin , Stefan Behnel 和 Nick Coghlan 撰写，由 Petr Viktorin 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:701 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:703 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:705 +msgid "" +"Added the ``\"namereplace\"`` error handlers. The ``\"backslashreplace\"`` " +"error handlers now work with decoding and translating. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19676` and :issue:`22286`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 ``\"namereplace\"`` 错误处理器。 ``\"backslashreplace\"`` 错误处理器现在可用于解码和转译。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`19676` 和 :issue:`22286` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:709 +msgid "" +"The :option:`-b` option now affects comparisons of :class:`bytes` with " +":class:`int`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23681`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :option:`-b` 选项会影响 :class:`bytes` 与 :class:`int` 的比较。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka" +" 在 :issue:`23681` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:712 +msgid "" +"New Kazakh ``kz1048`` and Tajik ``koi8_t`` :ref:`codecs `. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22682` and " +":issue:`22681`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 Kazakh ``kz1048`` 和 Tajik ``koi8_t`` :ref:`编解码器 `。 （由" +" Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`22682` 和 :issue:`22681` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:715 +msgid "" +"Property docstrings are now writable. This is especially useful for " +":func:`collections.namedtuple` docstrings. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in " +":issue:`24064`.)" +msgstr "" +"特征属性文档字符串现在将是可写的。 这对于 :func:`collections.namedtuple` 文档字符串特别适用。 （由 Berker " +"Peksag 在 :issue:`24064` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:719 +msgid "" +"Circular imports involving relative imports are now supported. (Contributed " +"by Brett Cannon and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`17636`.)" +msgstr "" +"涉及相对导入的环形导入现在已受到支持。 （由 Brett Cannon 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`17636` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:724 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:727 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:729 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`typing` :term:`provisional ` module provides " +"standard definitions and tools for function type annotations. See :ref:`Type" +" Hints ` for more information." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`typing` :term:`暂定 ` 模块提供了对函数类型标注的标准定义和工具。 详情参见 " +":ref:`类型提示 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:736 +msgid "zipapp" +msgstr "zipapp" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:738 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`zipapp` module (specified in :pep:`441`) provides an API and " +"command line tool for creating executable Python Zip Applications, which " +"were introduced in Python 2.6 in :issue:`1739468`, but which were not well " +"publicized, either at the time or since." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`zipapp` 模块（在 :pep:`441` 中描述）提供了用于创建可执行 Python Zip 应用程序的 API " +"和命令行工具，它是根据 :issue:`1739468` 在 Python 2.6 中引入的，但在当时和之后都没有足够的推广。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:743 +msgid "" +"With the new module, bundling your application is as simple as putting all " +"the files, including a ``__main__.py`` file, into a directory ``myapp`` and " +"running:" +msgstr "" +"使用这个新模块，想要打包你的应用程序只需简单地将所有文件，包括一个 ``__main__.py`` 文件放到一个目录 ``myapp`` 中并运行：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:747 +msgid "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp\n" +"$ python myapp.pyz" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m zipapp myapp\n" +"$ python myapp.pyz" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:752 +msgid "" +"The module implementation has been contributed by Paul Moore in " +":issue:`23491`." +msgstr "该模块的实现由 Paul Moore 在 :issue:`23491` 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:757 +msgid ":pep:`441` -- Improving Python ZIP Application Support" +msgstr ":pep:`441` -- 改进 Python ZIP 应用程序支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:761 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:764 +msgid "argparse" +msgstr "argparse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:766 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser` class now allows disabling " +":ref:`abbreviated usage ` of long options by setting " +":ref:`allow_abbrev` to ``False``. (Contributed by Jonathan Paugh, Steven " +"Bethard, paul j3 and Daniel Eriksson in :issue:`14910`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser` 类允许通过将 :ref:`allow_abbrev` 设为 ``False``" +" 来禁用长选项的 :ref:`缩写用法 `。 （由 Jonathan Paugh, Steven Bethard, " +"paul j3 和 Daniel Eriksson 在 :issue:`14910` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:773 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:775 +msgid "" +"Since the :mod:`asyncio` module is :term:`provisional `, " +"all changes introduced in Python 3.5 have also been backported to Python " +"3.4.x." +msgstr "" +"由于 :mod:`asyncio` 模块处于 :term:`暂定状态 `，在 Python 3.5 " +"中引入的所有改变都已被向下移植到 Python 3.4.x。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:778 +msgid "Notable changes in the :mod:`asyncio` module since Python 3.4.0:" +msgstr "自 Python 3.4.0 开始 :mod:`asyncio` 模块中的重要变化：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:780 +msgid "" +"New debugging APIs: :meth:`loop.set_debug() ` and " +":meth:`loop.get_debug() ` methods. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的调试 API: :meth:`loop.set_debug() ` 和 " +":meth:`loop.get_debug() ` 方法。 （由 Victor Stinner 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:784 +msgid "" +"The proactor event loop now supports SSL. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and" +" Victor Stinner in :issue:`22560`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 proactor 事件循环已支持 SSL。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`22560`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:787 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`loop.is_closed() ` method to check if " +"the event loop is closed. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`21326`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`loop.is_closed() ` 方法可检测事件循环是否已关闭。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`21326` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:791 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`loop.create_task() ` to conveniently " +"create and schedule a new :class:`~asyncio.Task` for a coroutine. The " +"``create_task`` method is also used by all asyncio functions that wrap " +"coroutines into tasks, such as :func:`asyncio.wait`, :func:`asyncio.gather`," +" etc. (Contributed by Victor Stinner.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`loop.create_task() ` 用来方便地新建一个 " +":class:`~asyncio.Task` 并将其排入协程的计划任务。 ``create_task`` 方法还可供所有将协程包装为任务的 " +"asyncio 函数使用，例如 :func:`asyncio.wait`, :func:`asyncio.gather` 等。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:798 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_limits() " +"` method to inquire for " +"*high-* and *low-* water limits of the flow control. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`transport.get_write_buffer_limits() " +"` 方法用于查询流程控制的 *高* 与 *低* " +"水位限制。 （由 Victor Stinner 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:803 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~asyncio.async` function is deprecated in favor of " +":func:`~asyncio.ensure_future`. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~asyncio.async` 函数已被弃用并由 :func:`~asyncio.ensure_future` 取代。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:807 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`loop.set_task_factory() ` and " +":meth:`loop.get_task_factory() ` methods to " +"customize the task factory that :meth:`loop.create_task() " +"` method uses. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`loop.set_task_factory() ` 和 " +":meth:`loop.get_task_factory() ` 方法用于自定义供 " +":meth:`loop.create_task() ` 方法使用的任务工厂。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:814 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`Queue.join() ` and :meth:`Queue.task_done() " +"` queue methods. (Contributed by Victor Stinner.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`Queue.join() ` 和 :meth:`Queue.task_done() " +"` 队列方法。 （由 Victor Stinner 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:818 +msgid "" +"The ``JoinableQueue`` class was removed, in favor of the " +":class:`asyncio.Queue` class. (Contributed by Victor Stinner.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``JoinableQueue`` 类，建议改用 :class:`asyncio.Queue` 类。 （由 Victor Stinner " +"贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:822 +msgid "Updates in 3.5.1:" +msgstr "3.5.1 中的更新：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:824 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~asyncio.ensure_future` function and all functions that use it, " +"such as :meth:`loop.run_until_complete() `," +" now accept all kinds of :term:`awaitable objects `. (Contributed" +" by Yury Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~asyncio.ensure_future` 函数以及所有用到它的函数，比如 " +":meth:`loop.run_until_complete() " +"`，现在将接受所有种类的 :term:`可等待对象 `。 （由 " +"Yury Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:829 +msgid "" +"New :func:`~asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` function to submit coroutines " +"to event loops from other threads. (Contributed by Vincent Michel.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` 函数用于从其他线程向事件循环提交协程。（由 Vincent " +"Michel 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:833 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`Transport.is_closing() ` method" +" to check if the transport is closing or closed. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`Transport.is_closing() ` " +"方法用于检查传输是否正在关闭或已经关闭。 （由 Yury Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:837 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.create_server() ` method can now" +" accept a list of hosts. (Contributed by Yann Sionneau.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.create_server() ` 方法现在可以接受一个主机列表。 （由" +" Yann Sionneau 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:841 +msgid "Updates in 3.5.2:" +msgstr "3.5.2 中的更新：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:843 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`loop.create_future() ` method to " +"create Future objects. This allows alternative event loop implementations, " +"such as `uvloop `_, to provide a " +"faster :class:`asyncio.Future` implementation. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`loop.create_future() ` 方法用来创建 Future " +"对象。 这允许替代性的事件循环实现，比如 `uvloop " +"`_，以提供更快速的 :class:`asyncio.Future` 实现。" +" （由 Yury Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:850 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`loop.get_exception_handler() " +"` method to get the current exception " +"handler. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`loop.get_exception_handler() `" +" 方法用于获取当前异常处理器。 （由 Yury Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:854 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`StreamReader.readuntil() ` method" +" to read data from the stream until a separator bytes sequence appears. " +"(Contributed by Mark Korenberg.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`StreamReader.readuntil() ` " +"方法用于从流读取数据直到出现作为分隔符的字节序列。 （由 Mark Korenberg 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:859 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.create_connection() ` and " +":meth:`loop.create_server() ` methods are " +"optimized to avoid calling the system ``getaddrinfo`` function if the " +"address is already resolved. (Contributed by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.create_connection() ` 和 " +":meth:`loop.create_server() ` " +"方法已获得优化以避免当地址已被解析时调用系统的 ``getaddrinfo`` 函数。 （由 A. Jesse Jiryu Davis 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:865 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.sock_connect(sock, address) ` no " +"longer requires the *address* to be resolved prior to the call. (Contributed" +" by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.sock_connect(sock, address) ` " +"不再要求在其被调用之前已解析 *address*。 （由 A. Jesse Jiryu Davis 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:871 +msgid "bz2" +msgstr "bz2" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:873 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`BZ2Decompressor.decompress ` " +"method now accepts an optional *max_length* argument to limit the maximum " +"size of decompressed data. (Contributed by Nikolaus Rath in :issue:`15955`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`BZ2Decompressor.decompress ` " +"方法接受可选的 *max_length* 参数用来限制解压缩数据的大小上限。 （由 Nikolaus Rath 在 :issue:`15955` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:879 +msgid "cgi" +msgstr "cgi" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:881 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!FieldStorage` class now supports the :term:`context manager` " +"protocol. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`20289`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!FieldStorage` 类已支持 :term:`context manager` 协议。 （由 Berker Peksag " +"在 :issue:`20289` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:886 +msgid "cmath" +msgstr "cmath" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:888 +msgid "" +"A new function :func:`~cmath.isclose` provides a way to test for approximate" +" equality. (Contributed by Chris Barker and Tal Einat in :issue:`24270`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :func:`~cmath.isclose` 提供了一种测试近似相等的方式。 （由 Chris Barker 和 Tal Einat 在 " +":issue:`24270` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:893 +msgid "code" +msgstr "code" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:895 +msgid "" +"The :func:`InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback() " +"` method now prints the full " +"chained traceback, just like the interactive interpreter. (Contributed by " +"Claudiu Popa in :issue:`17442`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback() " +"` 方法将打印完整的回溯链，就像在交互模式解释器中一样。 （由 " +"Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`17442` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:901 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:905 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` class is now implemented in C, which " +"makes it 4 to 100 times faster. (Contributed by Eric Snow in " +":issue:`16991`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` 类使用 C 来实现，令其可提速 4 至 100 倍。 （由 Eric Snow" +" 在 :issue:`16991` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:908 +msgid "" +":meth:`OrderedDict.items() `, " +":meth:`OrderedDict.keys() `, " +":meth:`OrderedDict.values() ` views now " +"support :func:`reversed` iteration. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`19505`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`OrderedDict.items() `, " +":meth:`OrderedDict.keys() `, " +":meth:`OrderedDict.values() ` 等视图现在支持 " +":func:`reversed` 迭代。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`19505` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:914 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~collections.deque` class now defines " +":meth:`~collections.deque.index`, :meth:`~collections.deque.insert`, and " +":meth:`~collections.deque.copy`, and supports the ``+`` and ``*`` operators." +" This allows deques to be recognized as a " +":class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence` and improves their " +"substitutability for lists. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in " +":issue:`23704`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~collections.deque` 类现在定义了 :meth:`~collections.deque.index`, " +":meth:`~collections.deque.insert` 和 :meth:`~collections.deque.copy`，并且支持 " +"``+`` 和 ``*`` 运算符。 这允许 deque 被识别为 :class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence` " +"并提升其替代列表的能力。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`23704` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:921 +msgid "" +"Docstrings produced by :func:`~collections.namedtuple` can now be updated::" +msgstr "由 :func:`~collections.namedtuple` 产生的文档字符串现在可以被更新::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:923 +msgid "" +"Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])\n" +"Point.__doc__ += ': Cartesian coordinate'\n" +"Point.x.__doc__ = 'abscissa'\n" +"Point.y.__doc__ = 'ordinate'" +msgstr "" +"Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])\n" +"Point.__doc__ += ': Cartesian coordinate'\n" +"Point.x.__doc__ = 'abscissa'\n" +"Point.y.__doc__ = 'ordinate'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:928 +msgid "(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`24064`.)" +msgstr "（由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`24064` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:930 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~collections.UserString` class now implements the " +":meth:`__getnewargs__`, :meth:`__rmod__`, :meth:`~str.casefold`, " +":meth:`~str.format_map`, :meth:`~str.isprintable`, and " +":meth:`~str.maketrans` methods to match the corresponding methods of " +":class:`str`. (Contributed by Joe Jevnik in :issue:`22189`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~collections.UserString` 类已实现 :meth:`__getnewargs__`, " +":meth:`__rmod__`, :meth:`~str.casefold`, :meth:`~str.format_map`, " +":meth:`~str.isprintable` 和 :meth:`~str.maketrans` 类以与对应的 :class:`str` 方法相匹配。" +" （由 Joe Jevnik 在 :issue:`22189` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:938 +msgid "collections.abc" +msgstr "collections.abc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:940 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Sequence.index() ` method now " +"accepts *start* and *stop* arguments to match the corresponding methods of " +":class:`tuple`, :class:`list`, etc. (Contributed by Devin Jeanpierre in " +":issue:`23086`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`Sequence.index() ` 方法接受 *start* 和 " +"*stop* 参数以与对应的 :class:`tuple`, :class:`list` 等的方法相匹配。 （由 Devin Jeanpierre 在 " +":issue:`23086` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:945 +msgid "" +"A new :class:`~collections.abc.Generator` abstract base class. (Contributed " +"by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`24018`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :class:`~collections.abc.Generator` 抽象基类。 （由 Stefan Behnel 在 " +":issue:`24018` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:948 +msgid "" +"New :class:`~collections.abc.Awaitable`, " +":class:`~collections.abc.Coroutine`, " +":class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterator`, and " +":class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterable` abstract base classes. (Contributed " +"by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24184`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :class:`~collections.abc.Awaitable`, :class:`~collections.abc.Coroutine`," +" :class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterator` 和 " +":class:`~collections.abc.AsyncIterable` 抽象基类。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 " +":issue:`24184` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:953 +msgid "" +"For earlier Python versions, a backport of the new ABCs is available in an " +"external :pypi:`PyPI package `." +msgstr "" +"对于更早的 Python 版本，这些新 ABC 的向下移植版本包含在外部的 :pypi:`PyPI 软件包 ` 之中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:958 +msgid "compileall" +msgstr "compileall" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:960 +msgid "" +"A new :mod:`compileall` option, :samp:`-j {N}`, allows running *N* workers " +"simultaneously to perform parallel bytecode compilation. The " +":func:`~compileall.compile_dir` function has a corresponding ``workers`` " +"parameter. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`16104`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :mod:`compileall` 选项 :samp:`-j {N}`，允许同时运行 *N* 个工作进程来执行并行的字节码编译。 " +":func:`~compileall.compile_dir` 函数增加了相应的 ``workers`` 形参。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 " +":issue:`16104` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:965 +msgid "" +"Another new option, ``-r``, allows controlling the maximum recursion level " +"for subdirectories. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19628`.)" +msgstr "另一个新选项 ``-r``，允许控制最大的子目录递归层级。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`19628` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:968 +msgid "" +"The ``-q`` command line option can now be specified more than once, in which" +" case all output, including errors, will be suppressed. The corresponding " +"``quiet`` parameter in :func:`~compileall.compile_dir`, " +":func:`~compileall.compile_file`, and :func:`~compileall.compile_path` can " +"now accept an integer value indicating the level of output suppression. " +"(Contributed by Thomas Kluyver in :issue:`21338`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在可以多次指定 ``-q`` 命令行选项，在此情况下，所有输出包括错误都将被抑制。 在 " +":func:`~compileall.compile_dir`, :func:`~compileall.compile_file` 和 " +":func:`~compileall.compile_path` 中相应的 ``quiet`` 形参现在可接受一个整数值来指明输出抑制的级别。 （由 " +"Thomas Kluyver 在 :issue:`21338` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:977 +msgid "concurrent.futures" +msgstr "concurrent.futures" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:979 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Executor.map() ` method now " +"accepts a *chunksize* argument to allow batching of tasks to improve " +"performance when :meth:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` is used. " +"(Contributed by Dan O'Reilly in :issue:`11271`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`Executor.map() ` 方法接受一个 " +"*chunksize* 参数以允许在使用 :meth:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"设置任务批次来提升运行效率。 （由 Dan O'Reilly 在 :issue:`11271` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:984 +msgid "" +"The number of workers in the :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`" +" constructor is optional now. The default value is 5 times the number of " +"CPUs. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`21527`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 构造器中的工作线程数量是可选的。 默认值为 CPU" +" 数量的 5 倍。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`21527` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:990 +msgid "configparser" +msgstr "configparser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:992 +msgid "" +":mod:`configparser` now provides a way to customize the conversion of values" +" by specifying a dictionary of converters in the " +":class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` constructor, or by defining them as " +"methods in ``ConfigParser`` subclasses. Converters defined in a parser " +"instance are inherited by its section proxies." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`configparser` 提供了一种方式通过在 :class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` " +"构造器中指定一个由转换器组成的字典，或将它们定义为 ``ConfigParser`` 子类中的方法来定制值的转换。 " +"在解析器实例中定义的转换器将被它的节代理所继承。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:998 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1000 +msgid "" +">>> import configparser\n" +">>> conv = {}\n" +">>> conv['list'] = lambda v: [e.strip() for e in v.split() if e.strip()]\n" +">>> cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(converters=conv)\n" +">>> cfg.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [s]\n" +"... list = a b c d e f g\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> cfg.get('s', 'list')\n" +"'a b c d e f g'\n" +">>> cfg.getlist('s', 'list')\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> section = cfg['s']\n" +">>> section.getlist('list')\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']" +msgstr "" +">>> import configparser\n" +">>> conv = {}\n" +">>> conv['list'] = lambda v: [e.strip() for e in v.split() if e.strip()]\n" +">>> cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(converters=conv)\n" +">>> cfg.read_string(\"\"\"\n" +"... [s]\n" +"... list = a b c d e f g\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +">>> cfg.get('s', 'list')\n" +"'a b c d e f g'\n" +">>> cfg.getlist('s', 'list')\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']\n" +">>> section = cfg['s']\n" +">>> section.getlist('list')\n" +"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1016 +msgid "(Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`18159`.)" +msgstr "（由 Łukasz Langa 在 :issue:`18159` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1020 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1022 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~contextlib.redirect_stderr` :term:`context manager` (similar" +" to :func:`~contextlib.redirect_stdout`) makes it easier for utility scripts" +" to handle inflexible APIs that write their output to :data:`sys.stderr` and" +" don't provide any options to redirect it::" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~contextlib.redirect_stderr` :term:`context manager` (类似于 " +":func:`~contextlib.redirect_stdout`) 使得工具脚本更容易处理那些将输出写入到 :data:`sys.stderr` " +"并且不提供任何重定向选项的不灵活 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1027 +msgid "" +">>> import contextlib, io, logging\n" +">>> f = io.StringIO()\n" +">>> with contextlib.redirect_stderr(f):\n" +"... logging.warning('warning')\n" +"...\n" +">>> f.getvalue()\n" +"'WARNING:root:warning\\n'" +msgstr "" +">>> import contextlib, io, logging\n" +">>> f = io.StringIO()\n" +">>> with contextlib.redirect_stderr(f):\n" +"... logging.warning('warning')\n" +"...\n" +">>> f.getvalue()\n" +"'WARNING:root:warning\\n'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1035 +msgid "(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`22389`.)" +msgstr "（由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`22389` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1039 +msgid "csv" +msgstr "csv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1041 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~csv.csvwriter.writerow` method now supports arbitrary iterables," +" not just sequences. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23171`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`~csv.csvwriter.writerow` 方法可支持任意可迭代对象，而不仅是序列。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka " +"在 :issue:`23171` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1046 +msgid "curses" +msgstr "curses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1048 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~curses.update_lines_cols` function updates the :data:`LINES`" +" and :data:`COLS` module variables. This is useful for detecting manual " +"screen resizing. (Contributed by Arnon Yaari in :issue:`4254`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~curses.update_lines_cols` 函数可更新 :data:`LINES` 和 :data:`COLS` " +"模块变量。 这适用于检测手册页屏幕的大小变化。 （由 Arnon Yaari 在 :issue:`4254` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1054 +msgid "dbm" +msgstr "dbm" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1056 +msgid "" +":func:`dumb.open ` always creates a new database when the " +"flag has the value ``\"n\"``. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in " +":issue:`18039`.)" +msgstr "" +"当设置旗标值为 ``\"n\"`` 时 :func:`dumb.open ` 将总是创建新的数据库。 （由 Claudiu" +" Popa 在 :issue:`18039` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1061 +msgid "difflib" +msgstr "difflib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1063 +msgid "" +"The charset of HTML documents generated by :meth:`HtmlDiff.make_file() " +"` can now be customized by using a new *charset*" +" keyword-only argument. The default charset of HTML document changed from " +"``\"ISO-8859-1\"`` to ``\"utf-8\"``. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in " +":issue:`2052`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :meth:`HtmlDiff.make_file() ` 生成的 HTML " +"文档的字符集现在可通过使用新增的 *charset* 仅限关键字参数来自定义。 HTML 文档的默认字符集已从 ``\"ISO-8859-1\"`` " +"改为 ``\"utf-8\"``。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`2052` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1070 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~difflib.diff_bytes` function can now compare lists of byte " +"strings. This fixes a regression from Python 2. (Contributed by Terry J. " +"Reedy and Greg Ward in :issue:`17445`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~difflib.diff_bytes` 函数可能比较字节串的列表。 这修复了一个来自 Python 2 遗留总是。 （由 " +"Terry J. Reedy 和 Greg Ward 在 :issue:`17445` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1076 +msgid "distutils" +msgstr "distutils" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"Both the ``build`` and ``build_ext`` commands now accept a ``-j`` option to " +"enable parallel building of extension modules. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou in :issue:`5309`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``build`` 和 ``build_ext`` 命令都接受一个 ``-j`` 选项以启用扩展模块的并行编译。 （由 Antoine " +"Pitrou 在 :issue:`5309` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1082 +msgid "" +"The ``distutils`` module now supports ``xz`` compression, and can be enabled" +" by passing ``xztar`` as an argument to ``bdist --format``. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`16314`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``distutils`` 模块支持 ``xz`` 压缩，并可通过将 ``xztar`` 作为传给 ``bdist --format`` " +"的参数来启用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`16314` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1088 +msgid "doctest" +msgstr "doctest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1090 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~doctest.DocTestSuite` function returns an empty " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite` if *module* contains no docstrings, instead of " +"raising :exc:`ValueError`. (Contributed by Glenn Jones in :issue:`15916`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *module* 不包含任何文档字符串则 :func:`~doctest.DocTestSuite` 函数将返回一个空的 " +":class:`unittest.TestSuite`，而不是引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Glenn Jones 在 " +":issue:`15916` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1096 +msgid "email" +msgstr "email" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1098 +msgid "" +"A new policy option :attr:`Policy.mangle_from_ " +"` controls whether or not lines that start" +" with ``\"From \"`` in email bodies are prefixed with a ``\">\"`` character " +"by generators. The default is ``True`` for :attr:`~email.policy.compat32` " +"and ``False`` for all other policies. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in " +":issue:`20098`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的策略选项 :attr:`Policy.mangle_from_ ` " +"可控制生成器是否要为电子邮件消息体中以controls whether or not lines that start with ``\"From " +"\"`` 打头的行添加 ``\">\"`` 字符前缀。 默认 :attr:`~email.policy.compat32` 为 ``True`` " +"而所有其他策略均为 ``False``。 （由 Milan Oberkirch 在 :issue:`20098` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1104 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`Message.get_content_disposition() " +"` method provides easy access" +" to a canonical value for the :mailheader:`Content-Disposition` header. " +"(Contributed by Abhilash Raj in :issue:`21083`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`Message.get_content_disposition() " +"` 方法可提供对 " +":mailheader:`Content-Disposition` 标头规范值的便捷访问。 （由 Abhilash Raj 在 " +":issue:`21083` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"A new policy option :attr:`EmailPolicy.utf8 `" +" can be set to ``True`` to encode email headers using the UTF-8 charset " +"instead of using encoded words. This allows ``Messages`` to be formatted " +"according to :rfc:`6532` and used with an SMTP server that supports the " +":rfc:`6531` ``SMTPUTF8`` extension. (Contributed by R. David Murray in " +":issue:`24211`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的策略选项 :attr:`EmailPolicy.utf8 ` 可被设为 " +"``True`` 以使用 UTF-8 字符集而不是使用已编码的字来编码电子邮件标头。 这将允许根据 :rfc:`6532` 来格式化 " +"``Messages`` 并配合支持 :rfc:`6531` ``SMTPUTF8`` 扩展的 SMTP 服务器使用。 （由 R. David " +"Murray 在 :issue:`24211` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"The :class:`mime.text.MIMEText ` constructor now " +"accepts a :class:`charset.Charset ` instance. " +"(Contributed by Claude Paroz and Berker Peksag in :issue:`16324`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`mime.text.MIMEText ` 构造器可接受一个 " +":class:`charset.Charset ` 实例。 （由 Claude Paroz 和 " +"Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`16324` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1123 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1125 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~enum.Enum` callable has a new parameter *start* to specify the " +"initial number of enum values if only *names* are provided::" +msgstr "" +":class:`~enum.Enum` 可调用对象新增了一个形参 *start* 用于在只提供了 *names* 的情况下指定枚举值的初始数量::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1128 +msgid "" +">>> Animal = enum.Enum('Animal', 'cat dog', start=10)\n" +">>> Animal.cat\n" +"\n" +">>> Animal.dog\n" +"" +msgstr "" +">>> Animal = enum.Enum('Animal', 'cat dog', start=10)\n" +">>> Animal.cat\n" +"\n" +">>> Animal.dog\n" +"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1134 +msgid "(Contributed by Ethan Furman in :issue:`21706`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ethan Furman 在 :issue:`21706` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1138 +msgid "faulthandler" +msgstr "faulthandler" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1140 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~faulthandler.enable`, :func:`~faulthandler.register`, " +":func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback` and " +":func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback_later` functions now accept file " +"descriptors in addition to file-like objects. (Contributed by Wei Wu in " +":issue:`23566`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~faulthandler.enable`, :func:`~faulthandler.register`, " +":func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback` 和 " +":func:`~faulthandler.dump_traceback_later` 函数除了接受文件型对象以外也接受文件描述符。 （由 Wei Wu " +"在 :issue:`23566` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1148 +msgid "functools" +msgstr "functools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1152 +msgid "" +"Most of the :func:`~functools.lru_cache` machinery is now implemented in C, " +"making it significantly faster. (Contributed by Matt Joiner, Alexey " +"Kachayev, and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`14373`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在大部分 :func:`~functools.lru_cache` 机制已使用 C 实现，使其速度显著提升。 （由 Matt Joiner, " +"Alexey Kachayev 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`14373` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1158 +msgid "glob" +msgstr "glob" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1160 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~glob.iglob` and :func:`~glob.glob` functions now support " +"recursive search in subdirectories, using the ``\"**\"`` pattern. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`13968`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~glob.iglob` 和 :func:`~glob.glob` 函数支持通过使用 ``\"**\"`` 模式在子目录中递归搜索。" +" （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`13968` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1166 +msgid "gzip" +msgstr "gzip" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument of the :class:`~gzip.GzipFile` constructor now accepts " +"``\"x\"`` to request exclusive creation. (Contributed by Tim Heaney in " +":issue:`19222`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~gzip.GzipFile` 构造器的 *mode* 参数可接受 ``\"x\"`` 来请求独占式的创建。 （由 Tim " +"Heaney 在 :issue:`19222` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1174 +msgid "heapq" +msgstr "heapq" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"Element comparison in :func:`~heapq.merge` can now be customized by passing " +"a :term:`key function` in a new optional *key* keyword argument, and a new " +"optional *reverse* keyword argument can be used to reverse element " +"comparison::" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~heapq.merge` 中的元素比较可通过在新增的可选关键字参数 *key* 中传入一个 :term:`key " +"function` 来进行定制，并且新增了可选关键字参数 *reverse* 用于反向的元素比较::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1181 +msgid "" +">>> import heapq\n" +">>> a = ['9', '777', '55555']\n" +">>> b = ['88', '6666']\n" +">>> list(heapq.merge(a, b, key=len))\n" +"['9', '88', '777', '6666', '55555']\n" +">>> list(heapq.merge(reversed(a), reversed(b), key=len, reverse=True))\n" +"['55555', '6666', '777', '88', '9']" +msgstr "" +">>> import heapq\n" +">>> a = ['9', '777', '55555']\n" +">>> b = ['88', '6666']\n" +">>> list(heapq.merge(a, b, key=len))\n" +"['9', '88', '777', '6666', '55555']\n" +">>> list(heapq.merge(reversed(a), reversed(b), key=len, reverse=True))\n" +"['55555', '6666', '777', '88', '9']" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1189 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`13742`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`13742` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1193 +msgid "http" +msgstr "http" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1195 +msgid "" +"A new :class:`HTTPStatus ` enum that defines a set of HTTP " +"status codes, reason phrases and long descriptions written in English. " +"(Contributed by Demian Brecht in :issue:`21793`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :class:`HTTPStatus ` 枚举定义了一组 HTTP 状态码、英文短说明和长描述。 （由 " +"Demian Brecht 在 :issue:`21793` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1201 +msgid "http.client" +msgstr "http.client" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1203 +msgid "" +":meth:`HTTPConnection.getresponse() " +"` now raises a " +":exc:`~http.client.RemoteDisconnected` exception when a remote server " +"connection is closed unexpectedly. Additionally, if a " +":exc:`ConnectionError` (of which ``RemoteDisconnected`` is a subclass) is " +"raised, the client socket is now closed automatically, and will reconnect on" +" the next request::" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`HTTPConnection.getresponse() " +"` 在远程服务器连接被意外关闭时会引发 " +":exc:`~http.client.RemoteDisconnected` 异常。 此外，如果引发了 :exc:`ConnectionError` " +"(``RemoteDisconnected`` 是其子类)，客户端套接字现在会自动关闭，并将在下次请求时重新连接::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1210 +msgid "" +"import http.client\n" +"conn = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org')\n" +"for retries in range(3):\n" +" try:\n" +" conn.request('GET', '/')\n" +" resp = conn.getresponse()\n" +" except http.client.RemoteDisconnected:\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"import http.client\n" +"conn = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.python.org')\n" +"for retries in range(3):\n" +" try:\n" +" conn.request('GET', '/')\n" +" resp = conn.getresponse()\n" +" except http.client.RemoteDisconnected:\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1219 +msgid "(Contributed by Martin Panter in :issue:`3566`.)" +msgstr "（由 Martin Panter 在 :issue:`3566` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1223 +msgid "idlelib and IDLE" +msgstr "idlelib 与 IDLE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"Since idlelib implements the IDLE shell and editor and is not intended for " +"import by other programs, it gets improvements with every release. See " +":file:`Lib/idlelib/NEWS.txt` for a cumulative list of changes since 3.4.0, " +"as well as changes made in future 3.5.x releases. This file is also " +"available from the IDLE :menuselection:`Help --> About IDLE` dialog." +msgstr "" +"由于 idlelib 实现了 IDLE 命令行界面和编辑器且不应被其他程序导入，它将随每个发布版获得不断改进。 请参阅 " +":file:`Lib/idlelib/NEWS.txt` 查看 3.4.0 以来的累积改变列表，以及未来 3.5.x 发布版将进行的改变。 " +"此文件也可通过 IDLE :menuselection:`Help --> About IDLE` 对话框查看。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1233 +msgid "imaplib" +msgstr "imaplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1235 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4` class now supports the :term:`context manager` " +"protocol. When used in a :keyword:`with` statement, the IMAP4 ``LOGOUT`` " +"command will be called automatically at the end of the block. (Contributed " +"by Tarek Ziadé and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`4972`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4` 类已支持 :term:`context manager` 协议。 当用于 " +":keyword:`with` 语句时，IMAP4 ``LOGOUT`` 命令将在代码块的末尾被自动调用。 （由 Tarek Ziadé 和 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`4972` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1240 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`imaplib` module now supports :rfc:`5161` (ENABLE Extension) and " +":rfc:`6855` (UTF-8 Support) via the :meth:`IMAP4.enable() " +"` method. A new :attr:`IMAP4.utf8_enabled " +"` attribute tracks whether or not :rfc:`6855` " +"support is enabled. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch, R. David Murray, and " +"Maciej Szulik in :issue:`21800`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`imaplib` 模块已通过 :meth:`IMAP4.enable() ` 方法支持 " +":rfc:`5161` (ENABLE 扩展) 和 :rfc:`6855` (UTF-8 支持)。 新增的 " +":attr:`IMAP4.utf8_enabled ` 属性可跟踪 :rfc:`6855` " +"支持是否被启用。 （由 Milan Oberkirch, R. David Murray 和 Maciej Szulik 在 " +":issue:`21800` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`imaplib` module now automatically encodes non-ASCII string " +"usernames and passwords using UTF-8, as recommended by the RFCs. " +"(Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`21800`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`imaplib` 模块会自动使用 UTF-8 自动编码非 ASCII 字符串的用户名和密码，如 RFC 所建议的那样。 （由 " +"Milan Oberkirch 在 :issue:`21800` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1253 +msgid "imghdr" +msgstr "imghdr" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1255 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!what` function now recognizes the `OpenEXR " +"`_ format (contributed by Martin Vignali and " +"Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20295`), and the `WebP " +"`_ format (contributed by Fabrice Aneche" +" and Claudiu Popa in :issue:`20197`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`!what` 函数可识别 `OpenEXR `_ 格式（由 Martin " +"Vignali 和 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`20295` 中贡献），以及 `WebP " +"`_ 格式（由 Fabrice Aneche 和 Claudiu Popa 在 " +":issue:`20197` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1263 +msgid "importlib" +msgstr "importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"The :class:`util.LazyLoader ` class allows for " +"lazy loading of modules in applications where startup time is important. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`17621`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`util.LazyLoader ` " +"类允许在对启动时间敏感的应用程序中使用模块的惰性加载。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`17621` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1269 +msgid "" +"The :func:`abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code() " +"` method is now a static method." +" This makes it easier to initialize a module object with code compiled from" +" a string by running ``exec(code, module.__dict__)``. (Contributed by Brett " +"Cannon in :issue:`21156`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code() " +"` 方法属于静态方法。 这样将可更方便地通过运行 " +"``exec(code, module.__dict__)`` 基于字符串编译的代码来初始化模块。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`21156` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1275 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`util.module_from_spec() ` " +"function is now the preferred way to create a new module. As opposed to " +"creating a :class:`types.ModuleType` instance directly, this new function " +"will set the various import-controlled attributes based on the passed-in " +"spec object. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`20383`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`util.module_from_spec() ` " +"函数现在是创建新模块的首先方式。 相比直接创建 :class:`types.ModuleType` " +"实例，这个新函数将基于传入的规格说明对象设置各种导入控制的属性。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`20383` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1283 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1285 +msgid "" +"Both the :class:`~inspect.Signature` and :class:`~inspect.Parameter` classes" +" are now picklable and hashable. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`20726` and :issue:`20334`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~inspect.Signature` 和 :class:`~inspect.Parameter` 类都是可封存和可哈希的对象。 " +"（由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`20726` 和 :issue:`20334` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1289 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`BoundArguments.apply_defaults() " +"` method provides a way to set " +"default values for missing arguments::" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`BoundArguments.apply_defaults() " +"` 方法提供了一种为缺失的参数设置默认值的方式::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1293 +msgid "" +">>> def foo(a, b='ham', *args): pass\n" +">>> ba = inspect.signature(foo).bind('spam')\n" +">>> ba.apply_defaults()\n" +">>> ba.arguments\n" +"OrderedDict([('a', 'spam'), ('b', 'ham'), ('args', ())])" +msgstr "" +">>> def foo(a, b='ham', *args): pass\n" +">>> ba = inspect.signature(foo).bind('spam')\n" +">>> ba.apply_defaults()\n" +">>> ba.arguments\n" +"OrderedDict([('a', 'spam'), ('b', 'ham'), ('args', ())])" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1299 +msgid "(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24190`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`24190` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1301 +msgid "" +"A new class method :meth:`Signature.from_callable() " +"` makes subclassing of " +":class:`~inspect.Signature` easier. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov and Eric" +" Snow in :issue:`17373`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的类方法 :meth:`Signature.from_callable() ` " +"使得 :class:`~inspect.Signature` 的子类化更为容易。 （由 Yury Selivanov 和 Eric Snow 在 " +":issue:`17373` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1306 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~inspect.signature` function now accepts a *follow_wrapped* " +"optional keyword argument, which, when set to ``False``, disables automatic " +"following of ``__wrapped__`` links. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`20691`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~inspect.signature` 函数接受 *follow_wrapped* 可选关键字参数，当其设为 ``False`` " +"时，将禁用 ``__wrapped__`` 链接的自动跟随。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`20691` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1311 +msgid "" +"A set of new functions to inspect :term:`coroutine functions ` and :term:`coroutine objects ` has been added: " +":func:`~inspect.iscoroutine`, :func:`~inspect.iscoroutinefunction`, " +":func:`~inspect.isawaitable`, :func:`~inspect.getcoroutinelocals`, and " +":func:`~inspect.getcoroutinestate`. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`24017` and :issue:`24400`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了一组用于检查 :term:`协程函数 ` 和 :term:`协程对象 ` 的函数: " +":func:`~inspect.iscoroutine`, :func:`~inspect.iscoroutinefunction`, " +":func:`~inspect.isawaitable`, :func:`~inspect.getcoroutinelocals` 和 " +":func:`~inspect.getcoroutinestate`。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`24017` 和 " +":issue:`24400` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1319 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~inspect.stack`, :func:`~inspect.trace`, " +":func:`~inspect.getouterframes`, and :func:`~inspect.getinnerframes` " +"functions now return a list of named tuples. (Contributed by Daniel Shahaf " +"in :issue:`16808`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~inspect.stack`, :func:`~inspect.trace`, " +":func:`~inspect.getouterframes` 和 :func:`~inspect.getinnerframes` " +"函数将返回具名元组的列表。 （由 Daniel Shahaf 在 :issue:`16808` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1326 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1328 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`BufferedIOBase.readinto1() ` " +"method, that uses at most one call to the underlying raw stream's " +":meth:`RawIOBase.read() ` or :meth:`RawIOBase.readinto() " +"` methods. (Contributed by Nikolaus Rath in " +":issue:`20578`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`BufferedIOBase.readinto1() ` " +"方法，该方法会使用至少一次对下层原始流的调用 :meth:`RawIOBase.read() ` 或 " +":meth:`RawIOBase.readinto() ` 方法。 （由 Nikolaus Rath 在 " +":issue:`20578` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1336 +msgid "ipaddress" +msgstr "ipaddress" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1338 +msgid "" +"Both the :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` and :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network`" +" classes now accept an ``(address, netmask)`` tuple argument, so as to " +"easily construct network objects from existing addresses::" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` 和 :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network` 类均接受一个 " +"``(address, netmask)`` 元组参数，可以根据现有地址方便地构造网络对象::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1342 +msgid "" +">>> import ipaddress\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Network(('127.0.0.0', 8))\n" +"IPv4Network('127.0.0.0/8')\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Network(('127.0.0.0', '255.0.0.0'))\n" +"IPv4Network('127.0.0.0/8')" +msgstr "" +">>> import ipaddress\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Network(('127.0.0.0', 8))\n" +"IPv4Network('127.0.0.0/8')\n" +">>> ipaddress.IPv4Network(('127.0.0.0', '255.0.0.0'))\n" +"IPv4Network('127.0.0.0/8')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1348 +msgid "(Contributed by Peter Moody and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`16531`.)" +msgstr "（由 Peter Moody 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`16531` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"A new :attr:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network.reverse_pointer` attribute for the " +":class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` and :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network` classes " +"returns the name of the reverse DNS PTR record::" +msgstr "" +"新增 :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` 和 :class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network` 类的 " +":attr:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network.reverse_pointer` 属性用于返回 DNS PTR 反向记录的名称::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1354 +msgid "" +">>> import ipaddress\n" +">>> addr = ipaddress.IPv4Address('127.0.0.1')\n" +">>> addr.reverse_pointer\n" +"'1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'\n" +">>> addr6 = ipaddress.IPv6Address('::1')\n" +">>> addr6.reverse_pointer\n" +"'1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa'" +msgstr "" +">>> import ipaddress\n" +">>> addr = ipaddress.IPv4Address('127.0.0.1')\n" +">>> addr.reverse_pointer\n" +"'1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'\n" +">>> addr6 = ipaddress.IPv6Address('::1')\n" +">>> addr6.reverse_pointer\n" +"'1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1362 +msgid "(Contributed by Leon Weber in :issue:`20480`.)" +msgstr "（由 Leon Weber 在 :issue:`20480` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1366 +msgid "json" +msgstr "json" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1368 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`json.tool` command line interface now preserves the order of keys " +"in JSON objects passed in input. The new ``--sort-keys`` option can be used" +" to sort the keys alphabetically. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in " +":issue:`21650`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`json.tool` 命令行接口会保留输入中传入的 JSON 对象中键的顺序。 新的 ``--sort-keys`` " +"选项可用于按字母顺序对键进行排序。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`21650` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1373 +msgid "" +"JSON decoder now raises :exc:`~json.JSONDecodeError` instead of " +":exc:`ValueError` to provide better context information about the error. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19361`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 JSON 解码器会引发 :exc:`~json.JSONDecodeError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError` " +"以提供有关错误的更好的上下文信息。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`19361` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1379 +msgid "linecache" +msgstr "linecache" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~linecache.lazycache` function can be used to capture " +"information about a non-file-based module to permit getting its lines later " +"via :func:`~linecache.getline`. This avoids doing I/O until a line is " +"actually needed, without having to carry the module globals around " +"indefinitely. (Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`17911`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~linecache.lazycache` 函数可用于捕获非基于文件的模块 的信息以允许在此后通过 " +":func:`~linecache.getline` 获取其行数据。 这样就可以避免在实际需要某一行之前执行 I/O 操作，从而不需要无限期地持有模块 " +"globals。 （由 Robert Collins 在 :issue:`17911` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1389 +msgid "locale" +msgstr "locale" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~locale.delocalize` function can be used to convert a string " +"into a normalized number string, taking the ``LC_NUMERIC`` settings into " +"account::" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~locale.delocalize` 函数可用于将字符串转换为表示规范化数字的字符串 ，并会考虑 ``LC_NUMERIC`` " +"的设置::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1394 +msgid "" +">>> import locale\n" +">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, 'de_DE.UTF-8')\n" +"'de_DE.UTF-8'\n" +">>> locale.delocalize('1.234,56')\n" +"'1234.56'\n" +">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, 'en_US.UTF-8')\n" +"'en_US.UTF-8'\n" +">>> locale.delocalize('1,234.56')\n" +"'1234.56'" +msgstr "" +">>> import locale\n" +">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, 'de_DE.UTF-8')\n" +"'de_DE.UTF-8'\n" +">>> locale.delocalize('1.234,56')\n" +"'1234.56'\n" +">>> locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, 'en_US.UTF-8')\n" +"'en_US.UTF-8'\n" +">>> locale.delocalize('1,234.56')\n" +"'1234.56'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1404 +msgid "(Contributed by Cédric Krier in :issue:`13918`.)" +msgstr "（由 Cédric Krier 在 :issue:`13918` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1408 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"All logging methods (:class:`~logging.Logger` :meth:`~logging.Logger.log`, " +":meth:`~logging.Logger.exception`, :meth:`~logging.Logger.critical`, " +":meth:`~logging.Logger.debug`, etc.), now accept exception instances as an " +"*exc_info* argument, in addition to boolean values and exception tuples::" +msgstr "" +"所有日志记录方法（如 :class:`~logging.Logger` :meth:`~logging.Logger.log`, " +":meth:`~logging.Logger.exception`, :meth:`~logging.Logger.critical`, " +":meth:`~logging.Logger.debug` 等）的 *exc_info* 参数现在除接受布尔值和异常元组以外，也接受异常实例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1416 +msgid "" +">>> import logging\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... 1/0\n" +"... except ZeroDivisionError as ex:\n" +"... logging.error('exception', exc_info=ex)\n" +"ERROR:root:exception" +msgstr "" +">>> import logging\n" +">>> try:\n" +"... 1/0\n" +"... except ZeroDivisionError as ex:\n" +"... logging.error('exception', exc_info=ex)\n" +"ERROR:root:exception" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1423 +msgid "(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20537`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`20537` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1425 +msgid "" +"The :class:`handlers.HTTPHandler ` class now " +"accepts an optional :class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance to configure SSL " +"settings used in an HTTP connection. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor in " +":issue:`22788`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`handlers.HTTPHandler ` 类接受一个可选的 " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 实例来配置在 HTTP 连接中使用的 SSL 设置。 （由 Alex Gaynor 在 " +":issue:`22788` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1430 +msgid "" +"The :class:`handlers.QueueListener ` class " +"now takes a *respect_handler_level* keyword argument which, if set to " +"``True``, will pass messages to handlers taking handler levels into account." +" (Contributed by Vinay Sajip.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`handlers.QueueListener ` 类接受一个 " +"*respect_handler_level* 关键字参数，如果将该参数设为 ``True``，会向处理器传递消息以将处理器级别纳入考量。 （由 " +"Vinay Sajip 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1437 +msgid "lzma" +msgstr "lzma" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1439 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`LZMADecompressor.decompress() `" +" method now accepts an optional *max_length* argument to limit the maximum " +"size of decompressed data. (Contributed by Martin Panter in :issue:`15955`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`LZMADecompressor.decompress() ` " +"方法接受一个可选的 *max_length* 参数用来限制解压缩数据的大小上限。 （由 Martin Panter 在 :issue:`15955` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1446 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1448 +msgid "" +"Two new constants have been added to the :mod:`math` module: " +":data:`~math.inf` and :data:`~math.nan`. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in " +":issue:`23185`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 :mod:`math` 模块增加了两个新常量: :data:`~math.inf` 和 :data:`~math.nan`。 （由 Mark " +"Dickinson 在 :issue:`23185` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1451 +msgid "" +"A new function :func:`~math.isclose` provides a way to test for approximate " +"equality. (Contributed by Chris Barker and Tal Einat in :issue:`24270`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :func:`~math.isclose` 提供了一种测试近似相等的方式。 （由 Chris Barker 和 Tal Einat 在 " +":issue:`24270` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1454 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~math.gcd` function has been added. The :func:`fractions.gcd` " +"function is now deprecated. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`22486`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~math.gcd` 函数。 现在 :func:`fractions.gcd` 函数已被弃用。 （由 Mark Dickinson " +"和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`22486` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1460 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1462 +msgid "" +":func:`sharedctypes.synchronized() " +"` objects now support the " +":term:`context manager` protocol. (Contributed by Charles-François Natali in" +" :issue:`21565`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`sharedctypes.synchronized() " +"` 对象支持 :term:`context manager` " +"协议。 （由 Charles-François Natali 在 :issue:`21565` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1468 +msgid "operator" +msgstr "operator" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1470 +msgid "" +":func:`~operator.attrgetter`, :func:`~operator.itemgetter`, and " +":func:`~operator.methodcaller` objects now support pickling. (Contributed by" +" Josh Rosenberg and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22955`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~operator.attrgetter`, :func:`~operator.itemgetter` 和 " +":func:`~operator.methodcaller` 对象支持封存操作。 （由 Josh Rosenberg 和 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`22955` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1474 +msgid "" +"New :func:`~operator.matmul` and :func:`~operator.imatmul` functions to " +"perform matrix multiplication. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in " +":issue:`21176`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~operator.matmul` 和 :func:`~operator.imatmul` 函数用于执行矩阵乘法。 （由 " +"Benjamin Peterson 在 :issue:`21176` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1480 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1482 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~os.scandir` function returning an iterator of " +":class:`~os.DirEntry` objects has been added. If possible, " +":func:`~os.scandir` extracts file attributes while scanning a directory, " +"removing the need to perform subsequent system calls to determine file type " +"or attributes, which may significantly improve performance. (Contributed by" +" Ben Hoyt with the help of Victor Stinner in :issue:`22524`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~os.scandir` 函数可返回一个 :class:`~os.DirEntry` 对象的迭代器。 " +"如有可能，:func:`~os.scandir` 会在扫描目录时提取文件属性，不必再执行后续的系统调用来确定文件类型或属性，这可以显著提升运行效率。 " +"（由 Ben Hoyt 在 :issue:`22524` 并得到 Victor Stinner 的协助。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1489 +msgid "" +"On Windows, a new :attr:`stat_result.st_file_attributes " +"` attribute is now available. It " +"corresponds to the ``dwFileAttributes`` member of the " +"``BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION`` structure returned by " +"``GetFileInformationByHandle()``. (Contributed by Ben Hoyt in " +":issue:`21719`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，现在可使用新的 :attr:`stat_result.st_file_attributes " +"` 属性。 它对应于 " +"``GetFileInformationByHandle()`` 所返回的 ``BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION`` 结构体的 " +"``dwFileAttributes`` 成员。 （由 Ben Hoyt 在 :issue:`21719` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~os.urandom` function now uses the ``getrandom()`` syscall on " +"Linux 3.17 or newer, and ``getentropy()`` on OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, removing" +" the need to use ``/dev/urandom`` and avoiding failures due to potential " +"file descriptor exhaustion. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`22181`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~os.urandom` 函数在 Linux 3.17 或更新的系统上会使用 ``getrandom()`` 系统调用，而在 " +"OpenBSD 5.6 或更新的系统上会使用 ``getentropy()``，不必再使用 ``/dev/urandom`` " +"并避免由于潜在的文件描述符耗尽导致的执行失败。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`22181` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1500 +msgid "" +"New :func:`~os.get_blocking` and :func:`~os.set_blocking` functions allow " +"getting and setting a file descriptor's blocking mode " +"(:const:`~os.O_NONBLOCK`.) (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`22054`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~os.get_blocking` 和 :func:`~os.set_blocking` 函数允许获取和设置文件描述符的阻塞模式 " +"(:const:`~os.O_NONBLOCK`)。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`22054` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~os.truncate` and :func:`~os.ftruncate` functions are now " +"supported on Windows. (Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`23668`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~os.truncate` 和 :func:`~os.ftruncate` 函数在 Windows 上已受到支持。 （由 Steve" +" Dower 在 :issue:`23668` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1507 +msgid "" +"There is a new :func:`os.path.commonpath` function returning the longest " +"common sub-path of each passed pathname. Unlike the " +":func:`os.path.commonprefix` function, it always returns a valid path::" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`os.path.commonpath` 函数可返回所传入的每个路径名的最长共同子路径。 与 " +":func:`os.path.commonprefix` 函数不同，该函数总是会返回一个有效的路径::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1512 +msgid "" +">>> os.path.commonprefix(['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib'])\n" +"'/usr/l'\n" +"\n" +">>> os.path.commonpath(['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib'])\n" +"'/usr'" +msgstr "" +">>> os.path.commonprefix(['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib'])\n" +"'/usr/l'\n" +"\n" +">>> os.path.commonpath(['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib'])\n" +"'/usr'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1518 +msgid "(Contributed by Rafik Draoui and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`10395`.)" +msgstr "（由 Rafik Draoui 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`10395` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1522 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1524 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`Path.samefile() ` method can be used " +"to check whether the path points to the same file as another path, which can" +" be either another :class:`~pathlib.Path` object, or a string::" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`Path.samefile() ` " +"方法可被用来检查一个路径是否与另一个路径指向相同的文件，两个路径可以是 :class:`~pathlib.Path` 对象，也可以是字符串::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1528 +msgid "" +">>> import pathlib\n" +">>> p1 = pathlib.Path('/etc/hosts')\n" +">>> p2 = pathlib.Path('/etc/../etc/hosts')\n" +">>> p1.samefile(p2)\n" +"True" +msgstr "" +">>> import pathlib\n" +">>> p1 = pathlib.Path('/etc/hosts')\n" +">>> p2 = pathlib.Path('/etc/../etc/hosts')\n" +">>> p1.samefile(p2)\n" +"True" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1534 +msgid "(Contributed by Vajrasky Kok and Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`19775`.)" +msgstr "（由 Vajrasky Kok 和 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`19775` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Path.mkdir() ` method now accepts a new " +"optional *exist_ok* argument to match ``mkdir -p`` and :func:`os.makedirs` " +"functionality. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`21539`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`Path.mkdir() ` 方法接受一个新的 *exist_ok* 可选参数以与 " +"``mkdir -p`` 和 :func:`os.makedirs` 的功能相匹配。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`21539`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1540 +msgid "" +"There is a new :meth:`Path.expanduser() ` method to" +" expand ``~`` and ``~user`` prefixes. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and " +"Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19776`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了一个 :meth:`Path.expanduser() ` 方法用于扩展 ``~`` 和 " +"``~user`` 前缀。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`19776` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1544 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`Path.home() ` class method can be used to " +"get a :class:`~pathlib.Path` instance representing the user’s home " +"directory. (Contributed by Victor Salgado and Mayank Tripathi in " +":issue:`19777`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`Path.home() ` 类方法可被用于获取代表用户家目录的 " +":class:`~pathlib.Path` 实例。 （由 Victor Salgado 和 Mayank Tripathi 在 " +":issue:`19777` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1549 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`Path.write_text() `, " +":meth:`Path.read_text() `, :meth:`Path.write_bytes()" +" `, :meth:`Path.read_bytes() " +"` methods to simplify read/write operations on " +"files." +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`Path.write_text() `, " +":meth:`Path.read_text() `, :meth:`Path.write_bytes()" +" `, :meth:`Path.read_bytes() " +"` 方法用于简化对文件的读/写操作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"The following code snippet will create or rewrite existing file " +"``~/spam42``::" +msgstr "以下代码片段将创建或重写现有的文件 ``~/spam42``::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1558 +msgid "" +">>> import pathlib\n" +">>> p = pathlib.Path('~/spam42')\n" +">>> p.expanduser().write_text('ham')\n" +"3" +msgstr "" +">>> import pathlib\n" +">>> p = pathlib.Path('~/spam42')\n" +">>> p.expanduser().write_text('ham')\n" +"3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1563 +msgid "(Contributed by Christopher Welborn in :issue:`20218`.)" +msgstr "（由 Christopher Welborn 在 :issue:`20218` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1567 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"Nested objects, such as unbound methods or nested classes, can now be " +"pickled using :ref:`pickle protocols ` older than protocol" +" version 4. Protocol version 4 already supports these cases. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23611`.)" +msgstr "" +"嵌套的对象，例如未绑定方法或嵌套的类，现在可以使用早于协议版本 4 的 :ref:`pickle 协议 `。 " +"协议版本 4 在此前已支持此种场景。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`23611` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1576 +msgid "poplib" +msgstr "poplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1578 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`POP3.utf8() ` command enables :rfc:`6856` " +"(Internationalized Email) support, if a POP server supports it. (Contributed" +" by Milan OberKirch in :issue:`21804`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`POP3.utf8() ` 命令可以启用 :rfc:`6856` (国际化 Email) " +"支持，如果 POP 服务器支持的话。 （由 Milan OberKirch 在 :issue:`21804` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1584 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1586 +msgid "" +"References and conditional references to groups with fixed length are now " +"allowed in lookbehind assertions::" +msgstr "现在对固定长度分组的引用和有条件引用在后视断言中已被允许::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1589 +msgid "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> pat = re.compile(r'(a|b).(?<=\\1)c')\n" +">>> pat.match('aac')\n" +"<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 3), match='aac'>\n" +">>> pat.match('bbc')\n" +"<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 3), match='bbc'>" +msgstr "" +">>> import re\n" +">>> pat = re.compile(r'(a|b).(?<=\\1)c')\n" +">>> pat.match('aac')\n" +"<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 3), match='aac'>\n" +">>> pat.match('bbc')\n" +"<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 3), match='bbc'>" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1596 +msgid "(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`9179`.)" +msgstr "（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`9179` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"The number of capturing groups in regular expressions is no longer limited " +"to 100. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22437`.)" +msgstr "" +"在正则表达式中捕获分组的数量不再有 100 个的上限。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`22437` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1601 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~re.sub` and :func:`~re.subn` functions now replace unmatched " +"groups with empty strings instead of raising an exception. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`1519638`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~re.sub` 和 :func:`~re.subn` 函数将用空字符串替换不匹配的分组而不是引发异常。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`1519638` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"The :class:`re.error` exceptions have new attributes, :attr:`~re.error.msg`," +" :attr:`~re.error.pattern`, :attr:`~re.error.pos`, :attr:`~re.error.lineno`," +" and :attr:`~re.error.colno`, that provide better context information about " +"the error::" +msgstr "" +":class:`re.error` 异常添加了新的属性 :attr:`~re.error.msg`, " +":attr:`~re.error.pattern`, :attr:`~re.error.pos`, :attr:`~re.error.lineno` 和" +" :attr:`~re.error.colno`，以提供更详细的错误上下文信息::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1611 +msgid "" +">>> re.compile(\"\"\"\n" +"... (?x)\n" +"... .++\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"sre_constants.error: multiple repeat at position 16 (line 3, column 7)" +msgstr "" +">>> re.compile(\"\"\"\n" +"... (?x)\n" +"... .++\n" +"... \"\"\")\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"sre_constants.error: multiple repeat at position 16 (line 3, column 7)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1619 +msgid "(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22578`.)" +msgstr "（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`22578` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1623 +msgid "readline" +msgstr "readline" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1625 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~readline.append_history_file` function can be used to append " +"the specified number of trailing elements in history to the given file. " +"(Contributed by Bruno Cauet in :issue:`22940`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~readline.append_history_file` 函数可被用于将历史数据中指定数量的末尾元素添加到给定的文件中。 （由" +" Bruno Cauet 在 :issue:`22940` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1631 +msgid "selectors" +msgstr "selectors" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1633 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~selectors.DevpollSelector` supports efficient ``/dev/poll``" +" polling on Solaris. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in :issue:`18931`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :class:`~selectors.DevpollSelector` 在 Solaris 上支持高效的 ``/dev/poll`` 轮询。 " +"（由 Giampaolo Rodola' 在 :issue:`18931` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1639 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1641 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~shutil.move` function now accepts a *copy_function* argument, " +"allowing, for example, the :func:`~shutil.copy` function to be used instead " +"of the default :func:`~shutil.copy2` if there is a need to ignore file " +"metadata when moving. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19840`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~shutil.move` 函数现在接受一个 *copy_function* " +"参数，举例来说，如果需要在移动文件时忽略其元数据，可以使用 :func:`~shutil.copy` 函数来代替默认的 " +":func:`~shutil.copy2`。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`19840` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1647 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~shutil.make_archive` function now supports the *xztar* format. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`5411`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~shutil.make_archive` 函数已支持 *xztar* 格式。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`5411` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1652 +msgid "signal" +msgstr "signal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1654 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the :func:`~signal.set_wakeup_fd` function now also supports " +"socket handles. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22018`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，现在 :func:`~signal.set_wakeup_fd` 函数还可以支持套接字句柄。 （由 Victor Stinner" +" 在 :issue:`22018` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1657 +msgid "" +"Various ``SIG*`` constants in the :mod:`signal` module have been converted " +"into :mod:`Enums `. This allows meaningful names to be printed during" +" debugging, instead of integer \"magic numbers\". (Contributed by Giampaolo " +"Rodola' in :issue:`21076`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`signal` 模块中的各个 ``SIG*`` 常量已被转换为 :mod:`枚举 `。 " +"这允许在调试期间打印有意义的名称，而不是整数类型的“魔法数字”。 （由 Giampaolo Rodola' 在 :issue:`21076` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1664 +msgid "smtpd" +msgstr "smtpd" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1666 +msgid "" +"Both the :class:`!SMTPServer` and :class:`!SMTPChannel` classes now accept a" +" *decode_data* keyword argument to determine if the ``DATA`` portion of the " +"SMTP transaction is decoded using the ``\"utf-8\"`` codec or is instead " +"provided to the :meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message` method as a byte string." +" The default is ``True`` for backward compatibility reasons, but will " +"change to ``False`` in Python 3.6. If *decode_data* is set to ``False``, " +"the ``process_message`` method must be prepared to accept keyword arguments." +" (Contributed by Maciej Szulik in :issue:`19662`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!SMTPServer` 和 :class:`!SMTPChannel` 类都接受一个 *decode_data* " +"关键字参数用来确定 SMTP 事务的 ``DATA`` 部分是要使用 ``\"utf-8\"`` 编解码器来解码还是要以字符串的形式提供给 " +":meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message` 方法。 默认值设为 ``True`` 是出于向下兼容的考虑，但将在 Python" +" 3.6 中更改为 ``False``。 如果 *decode_data* 被设为 ``False``，则必须准备好让 " +"``process_message`` 方法接受关键字参数。 （由 Maciej Szulik 在 :issue:`19662` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1677 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!SMTPServer` class now advertises the ``8BITMIME`` extension " +"(:rfc:`6152`) if *decode_data* has been set ``True``. If the client " +"specifies ``BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, it is passed to " +":meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message` via the *mail_options* keyword. " +"(Contributed by Milan Oberkirch and R. David Murray in :issue:`21795`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *decode_data* 已被设为 ``True`` 则 :class:`!SMTPServer` 类现在会使用 ``8BITMIME`` 扩展" +" (:rfc:`6152`)。 如果客户端在 ``MAIL`` 命令中指定了 ``BODY=8BITMIME``，则它会通过 " +"*mail_options* 关键字传递给 :meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message`。 （由 Milan " +"Oberkirch 和 R. David Murray 在 :issue:`21795` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1684 +msgid "" +"The :class:`!SMTPServer` class now also supports the ``SMTPUTF8`` extension " +"(:rfc:`6531`: Internationalized Email). If the client specified ``SMTPUTF8 " +"BODY=8BITMIME`` on the ``MAIL`` command, they are passed to " +":meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message` via the *mail_options* keyword. It is " +"the responsibility of the ``process_message`` method to correctly handle the" +" ``SMTPUTF8`` data. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`21725`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!SMTPServer` 类也支持 ``SMTPUTF8`` 扩展 (:rfc:`6531`: 国际化 Email)。 " +"如果客户端在 ``MAIL`` 命令中指定了 ``SMTPUTF8 BODY=8BITMIME``，则它们会通过 *mail_options* " +"关键字传递给 :meth:`!SMTPServer.process_message`。 ``process_message`` 方法需要负责正确地处理 " +"``SMTPUTF8`` 数据。 （由 Milan Oberkirch 在 :issue:`21725` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1692 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to provide, directly or via name resolution, IPv6 " +"addresses in the :class:`!SMTPServer` constructor, and have it successfully " +"connect. (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in :issue:`14758`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在可以在 :class:`!SMTPServer` 构造器中，直接或通过名称解析来提供 IPv6 地址，并使其成功连接。 （由 Milan " +"Oberkirch 在 :issue:`14758` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1698 +msgid "smtplib" +msgstr "smtplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1700 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`SMTP.auth() ` method provides a convenient " +"way to implement custom authentication mechanisms. (Contributed by Milan " +"Oberkirch in :issue:`15014`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`SMTP.auth() ` 方法为实现自定义身份验证机制提供了一个便捷的方式。 （由 " +"Milan Oberkirch 在 :issue:`15014` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1704 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`SMTP.set_debuglevel() ` method now " +"accepts an additional debuglevel (2), which enables timestamps in debug " +"messages. (Contributed by Gavin Chappell and Maciej Szulik in " +":issue:`16914`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`SMTP.set_debuglevel() ` 方法可接受额外的 " +"debuglevel (2)，它将在调试消息中启用时间戳。 （由 Gavin Chappell 和 Maciej Szulik 在 " +":issue:`16914` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1708 +msgid "" +"Both the :meth:`SMTP.sendmail() ` and " +":meth:`SMTP.send_message() ` methods now support " +":rfc:`6531` (SMTPUTF8). (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch and R. David Murray " +"in :issue:`22027`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`SMTP.sendmail() ` 和 " +":meth:`SMTP.send_message() ` 方法均支持 :rfc:`6531` " +"(SMTPUTF8)。 （由 Milan Oberkirch 和 R. David Murray 在 :issue:`22027` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1715 +msgid "sndhdr" +msgstr "sndhdr" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1717 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!what` and :func:`!whathdr` functions now return a " +":func:`~collections.namedtuple`. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in " +":issue:`18615`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`!what` 和 :func:`!whathdr` 函数将返回 :func:`~collections.namedtuple`。 " +"（由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`18615` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1723 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1725 +msgid "" +"Functions with timeouts now use a monotonic clock, instead of a system " +"clock. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)" +msgstr "现在函数的超时设置将使用单调时钟，而不是系统时钟。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`22043` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1728 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`socket.sendfile() ` method allows " +"sending a file over a socket by using the high-performance " +":func:`os.sendfile` function on UNIX, resulting in uploads being from 2 to 3" +" times faster than when using plain :meth:`socket.send() " +"`. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in :issue:`17552`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`socket.sendfile() ` 方法允许在 UNIX 上使用高性能的 " +":func:`os.sendfile` 函数通过套接字发送文件，使得上传速度比使用简单的 :meth:`socket.send() " +"` 快 2 至 3 倍。 （由 Giampaolo Rodola' 在 :issue:`17552` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`socket.sendall() ` method no longer resets" +" the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. The socket " +"timeout is now the maximum total duration to send all data. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`23853`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`socket.sendall() ` 方法每次接受或发送字节数据时将不再重置套接字超时。 " +"现在套接字超时将为发送所有数据最大总计持续时间。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`23853` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1739 +msgid "" +"The *backlog* argument of the :meth:`socket.listen() `" +" method is now optional. By default it is set to :data:`SOMAXCONN " +"` or to ``128``, whichever is less. (Contributed by " +"Charles-François Natali in :issue:`21455`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`socket.listen() ` 方法的 *backlog* 参数将是可选的。 " +"在默认情况下它会被设为 :data:`SOMAXCONN ` 或 ``128``，取其中的较小值。 （由 " +"Charles-François Natali 在 :issue:`21455` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1746 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1751 +msgid "Memory BIO Support" +msgstr "内存 BIO 支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1753 +msgid "(Contributed by Geert Jansen in :issue:`21965`.)" +msgstr "（由 Geert Jansen 在 :issue:`21965` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` class has been added to provide SSL protocol" +" support for cases when the network I/O capabilities of " +":class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` are not necessary or are suboptimal. ``SSLObject`` " +"represents an SSL protocol instance, but does not implement any network I/O " +"methods, and instead provides a memory buffer interface. The new " +":class:`~ssl.MemoryBIO` class can be used to pass data between Python and an" +" SSL protocol instance." +msgstr "" +"新增了 :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` 类以针对 :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` 的网络 I/O " +"能力是非必要或未优化的情况提供 SSL 协议支持。 ``SSLObject`` 代表一个 SSL 协议实例，但不实现任何网络 I/O " +"方法，而是提供一个内存缓冲区接口。 新增的 :class:`~ssl.MemoryBIO` 类可被用于在 Python 和 SSL " +"协议实例之间传递数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1762 +msgid "" +"The memory BIO SSL support is primarily intended to be used in frameworks " +"implementing asynchronous I/O for which :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket`'s readiness " +"model (\"select/poll\") is inefficient." +msgstr "" +"内存 BIO SSL 支持主要被用来为对 :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` 的就绪模型（\"选择/轮询\"）来说效率较低的框架实现异步 " +"I/O。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1766 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_bio() ` method can be " +"used to create a new ``SSLObject`` instance." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_bio() ` 方法可被用于创建新的 " +"``SSLObject`` 实例。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1771 +msgid "Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Support" +msgstr "应用层协议协商支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1773 +msgid "(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`20188`.)" +msgstr "（由 Benjamin Peterson 在 :issue:`20188` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"Where OpenSSL support is present, the :mod:`ssl` module now implements the " +"*Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation* TLS extension as described in " +":rfc:`7301`." +msgstr "如果有 OpenSSL 支持，现在 :mod:`ssl` 模块可实现 :rfc:`7301` 中描述的 *应用层协议协商* TLS 扩展。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1779 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols() " +"` can be used to specify which protocols " +"a socket should advertise during the TLS handshake." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols() " +"` 可被用来指定在 TLS 握手期间套接字所要应用的协议。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1783 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol() " +"` returns the protocol that was " +"selected during the TLS handshake. The :const:`~ssl.HAS_ALPN` flag indicates" +" whether ALPN support is present." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol() " +"` 可返回在 TLS 握手期间所选择的协议。 " +":const:`~ssl.HAS_ALPN` 旗标用于指明是否提供了 ALPN 支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1790 +msgid "Other Changes" +msgstr "其他改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"There is a new :meth:`SSLSocket.version() ` method to" +" query the actual protocol version in use. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in" +" :issue:`20421`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`SSLSocket.version() ` 方法以便查询实际使用的协议。 （由 " +"Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`20421` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` class now implements a " +":meth:`SSLSocket.sendfile() ` method. (Contributed " +"by Giampaolo Rodola' in :issue:`17552`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` 类已实现了 :meth:`SSLSocket.sendfile() " +"` 方法。 （由 Giampaolo Rodola' 在 :issue:`17552` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1800 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`SSLSocket.send() ` method now raises either " +"the :exc:`ssl.SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`ssl.SSLWantWriteError` exception on" +" a non-blocking socket if the operation would block. Previously, it would " +"return ``0``. (Contributed by Nikolaus Rath in :issue:`20951`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当操作将要阻塞时 :meth:`SSLSocket.send() ` 方法将在非阻塞的套接字上引发 " +":exc:`ssl.SSLWantReadError` 或 :exc:`ssl.SSLWantWriteError` 异常。 在之前版本中，它将返回 " +"``0``。 （由 Nikolaus Rath 在 :issue:`20951` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1805 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~ssl.cert_time_to_seconds` function now interprets the input time" +" as UTC and not as local time, per :rfc:`5280`. Additionally, the return " +"value is always an :class:`int`. (Contributed by Akira Li in " +":issue:`19940`.)" +msgstr "" +"根据 :rfc:`5280`，现在 :func:`~ssl.cert_time_to_seconds` 函数会将输入的时间解读为 UTC " +"而不是本地时间。 此外，其返回值必定为 :class:`int`。 （由 Akira Li 在 :issue:`19940` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1809 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`SSLObject.shared_ciphers() ` and " +":meth:`SSLSocket.shared_ciphers() ` methods " +"return the list of ciphers sent by the client during the handshake. " +"(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`23186`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`SSLObject.shared_ciphers() ` 和 " +":meth:`SSLSocket.shared_ciphers() ` " +"方法将返回客户端在握手期间中发送的密码列表。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 :issue:`23186` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1814 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake() `, " +":meth:`SSLSocket.read() `, :meth:`SSLSocket.shutdown() " +"`, and :meth:`SSLSocket.write() " +"` methods of the :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` class no " +"longer reset the socket timeout every time bytes are received or sent. The " +"socket timeout is now the maximum total duration of the method. (Contributed" +" by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23853`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` 类的 :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake() " +"`, :meth:`SSLSocket.read() " +"`, :meth:`SSLSocket.shutdown() `" +" 和 :meth:`SSLSocket.write() ` " +"方法在每次接收或发送字节数据时将不再重置套接字超时。 现在套接字超时将为方法的最长运行时间。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`23853` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1822 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~ssl.match_hostname` function now supports matching of IP " +"addresses. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`23239`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~ssl.match_hostname` 函数也支持 IP 地址的匹配。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`23239` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1827 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1829 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~sqlite3.Row` class now fully supports the sequence protocol, in" +" particular :func:`reversed` iteration and slice indexing. (Contributed by " +"Claudiu Popa in :issue:`10203`; by Lucas Sinclair, Jessica McKellar, and " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`13583`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~sqlite3.Row` 类可完整支持序列协议，特别是 :func:`reversed` 迭代和切片索引。 （由 Claudiu" +" Popa 在 :issue:`10203` 中贡献；由 Lucas Sinclair, Jessica McKellar 和 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`13583` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1838 +msgid "subprocess" +msgstr "subprocess" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~subprocess.run` function has been added. It runs the " +"specified command and returns a :class:`~subprocess.CompletedProcess` " +"object, which describes a finished process. The new API is more consistent " +"and is the recommended approach to invoking subprocesses in Python code that" +" does not need to maintain compatibility with earlier Python versions. " +"(Contributed by Thomas Kluyver in :issue:`23342`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :func:`~subprocess.run` 函数。 它可运行指定的命令并返回一个 " +":class:`~subprocess.CompletedProcess` 对象，该对象表示已结束的进程。 这个新 API 有更好的一致性并且是在 " +"Python 中唤起子进程的推荐方式，它不需要维持与更早的 Python 的兼容性。 （由 Thomas Kluyver 在 " +":issue:`23342` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1850 +msgid "" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\"]) # doesn't capture output\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l'], returncode=0)\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run(\"exit 1\", shell=True, check=True)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\", \"/dev/null\"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l', '/dev/null'], returncode=0,\n" +"stdout=b'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 23 16:23 /dev/null\\n')" +msgstr "" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\"]) # 无法捕获输出\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l'], returncode=0)\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run(\"exit 1\", shell=True, check=True)\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1\n" +"\n" +">>> subprocess.run([\"ls\", \"-l\", \"/dev/null\"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n" +"CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l', '/dev/null'], returncode=0,\n" +"stdout=b'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 23 16:23 /dev/null\\n')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1864 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1866 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` function allows setting a global " +"hook that will be called whenever a :term:`coroutine object ` is " +"created by an :keyword:`async def` function. A corresponding " +":func:`~sys.get_coroutine_wrapper` can be used to obtain a currently set " +"wrapper. Both functions are :term:`provisional `, and are " +"intended for debugging purposes only. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`24017`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` 函数允许设置一个要在 :term:`协程对象 ` 被" +" :keyword:`async def` 函数创建时被调用的全局钩子。 可以使用相应的 " +":func:`~sys.get_coroutine_wrapper` 来获取当前设置的包装器。 这两个函数均为 :term:`暂定状态 " +"`，并应当仅用于调试目的。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`24017` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1874 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~sys.is_finalizing` function can be used to check if the Python" +" interpreter is :term:`shutting down `. (Contributed " +"by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`22696`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~sys.is_finalizing` 函数可用于检测 Python 解释器是否 :term:`正在关闭 `。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`22696` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1880 +msgid "sysconfig" +msgstr "sysconfig" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1882 +msgid "" +"The name of the user scripts directory on Windows now includes the first two" +" components of the Python version. (Contributed by Paul Moore in " +":issue:`23437`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上用户脚本的名称现在将包括 Python 版本号的前两个数字。 （由 Paul Moore 在 :issue:`23437` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1888 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1890 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument of the :func:`~tarfile.open` function now accepts " +"``\"x\"`` to request exclusive creation. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in " +":issue:`21717`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~tarfile.open` 函数的 *mode* 参数可接受 ``\"x\"`` 来请求独占式的创建。 （由 Berker " +"Peksag 在 :issue:`21717` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`TarFile.extractall() ` and " +":meth:`TarFile.extract() ` methods now take a " +"keyword argument *numeric_owner*. If set to ``True``, the extracted files " +"and directories will be owned by the numeric ``uid`` and ``gid`` from the " +"tarfile. If set to ``False`` (the default, and the behavior in versions " +"prior to 3.5), they will be owned by the named user and group in the " +"tarfile. (Contributed by Michael Vogt and Eric Smith in :issue:`23193`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`TarFile.extractall() ` 和 " +":meth:`TarFile.extract() ` 方法可接受关键字参数 " +"*numeric_owner*。 如果设为 ``True``，解压的文件和目录将归属于 tar 文件保存的数字 ``uid`` 和 ``gid``。 " +"如果设为 ``False`` (默认值，也是 3.5 之前版本的行为)，则它们将归属于 tar 文件保存的用户和组名称。 （由 Michael Vogt" +" 和 Eric Smith 在 :issue:`23193` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1901 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`TarFile.list() ` now accepts an optional " +"*members* keyword argument that can be set to a subset of the list returned " +"by :meth:`TarFile.getmembers() `. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`21549`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`TarFile.list() ` 接受可选的 *members* 关键字参数，它可被设为" +" :meth:`TarFile.getmembers() ` 所返回的列表的一个子集。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`21549` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1908 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1910 +msgid "" +"Both the :meth:`Lock.acquire() ` and " +":meth:`RLock.acquire() ` methods now use a " +"monotonic clock for timeout management. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`22043`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`Lock.acquire() ` 和 :meth:`RLock.acquire() " +"` 方法均使用单调时钟进行超时管理。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`22043` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1917 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1919 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~time.monotonic` function is now always available. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22043`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~time.monotonic` 函数将总是可用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`22043` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1924 +msgid "timeit" +msgstr "timeit" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1926 +msgid "" +"A new command line option ``-u`` or :samp:`--unit={U}` can be used to " +"specify the time unit for the timer output. Supported options are ``usec``," +" ``msec``, or ``sec``. (Contributed by Julian Gindi in :issue:`18983`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的命令行选项 ``-u`` 或 :samp:`--unit={U}` 可被用于指定计时器输出的时间单位。 受支持的选项有 ``usec``, " +"``msec`` 或 ``sec``。 （由 Julian Gindi 在 :issue:`18983` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~timeit.timeit` function has a new *globals* parameter for " +"specifying the namespace in which the code will be running. (Contributed by " +"Ben Roberts in :issue:`2527`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~timeit.timeit` 函数新增了 *globals* 形参用于指定代码运行所在的命名空间。 （由 Ben Roberts 在 " +":issue:`2527` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1936 +msgid "tkinter" +msgstr "tkinter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1938 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!tkinter._fix` module used for setting up the Tcl/Tk environment " +"on Windows has been replaced by a private function in the :mod:`!_tkinter` " +"module which makes no permanent changes to environment variables. " +"(Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`20035`.)" +msgstr "" +"用于在 Windows 上设置 Tcl/Tk 环境的 :mod:`!tkinter._fix` 模块已被 :mod:`!_tkinter` " +"模块中的私有函数所替换，该函数不会永久性修改环境变量。 （由 Zachary Ware 在 :issue:`20035` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1947 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "回溯" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1949 +msgid "" +"New :func:`~traceback.walk_stack` and :func:`~traceback.walk_tb` functions " +"to conveniently traverse frame and :ref:`traceback objects `. (Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`17911`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`~traceback.walk_stack` 和 :func:`~traceback.walk_tb` 函数可方便地遍历帧和 " +":ref:`回溯对象 `。 （由 Robert Collins 在 :issue:`17911` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"New lightweight classes: :class:`~traceback.TracebackException`, " +":class:`~traceback.StackSummary`, and :class:`~traceback.FrameSummary`. " +"(Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`17911`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增轻量级的类: :class:`~traceback.TracebackException`, " +":class:`~traceback.StackSummary` 和 :class:`~traceback.FrameSummary`。 （由 " +"Robert Collins 在 :issue:`17911` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1958 +msgid "" +"Both the :func:`~traceback.print_tb` and :func:`~traceback.print_stack` " +"functions now support negative values for the *limit* argument. (Contributed" +" by Dmitry Kazakov in :issue:`22619`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~traceback.print_tb` 和 :func:`~traceback.print_stack` 函数均支持 " +"*limit* 参数使用负值。 （由 Dmitry Kazakov 在 :issue:`22619` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1964 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1966 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~types.coroutine` function to transform :term:`generator " +"` and :class:`generator-like " +"` objects into :term:`awaitables `. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24017`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~types.coroutine` 函数用于将 :term:`生成器 ` 和 " +":class:`生成器型 ` 对象转换为 :term:`可等待对象 `。 " +"（由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`24017` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1972 +msgid "" +"A new type called :class:`~types.CoroutineType`, which is used for " +":term:`coroutine` objects created by :keyword:`async def` functions. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24400`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增一个名为 :class:`~types.CoroutineType` 的类型，用于由 :keyword:`async def` 函数创建的 " +":term:`coroutine` 对象。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`24400` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1978 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1980 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unicodedata` module now uses data from `Unicode 8.0.0 " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`unicodedata` 模块使用来自 `Unicode 8.0.0 " +"`_ 的数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1985 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1987 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule() " +"` method now accepts a keyword-only" +" argument *pattern* which is passed to ``load_tests`` as the third argument." +" Found packages are now checked for ``load_tests`` regardless of whether " +"their path matches *pattern*, because it is impossible for a package name to" +" match the default pattern. (Contributed by Robert Collins and Barry A. " +"Warsaw in :issue:`16662`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule() " +"` 方法可接受仅限关键字参数 *pattern*，它将作为传给 " +"``load_tests`` 的第三个参数。 找到的包无论其路径是否匹配 *pattern* 都会针对 ``load_tests`` " +"进行检查，因为包名不可能与默认模式相匹配。 （由 Robert Collins 和 Barry A. Warsaw 在 :issue:`16662` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1994 +msgid "" +"Unittest discovery errors now are exposed in the :data:`TestLoader.errors " +"` attribute of the :class:`~unittest.TestLoader`" +" instance. (Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`19746`.)" +msgstr "" +"单元测试发现错误现在将会暴露为 :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` 的 :data:`TestLoader.errors " +"` 属性。 （由 Robert Collins 在 :issue:`19746` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:1999 +msgid "" +"A new command line option ``--locals`` to show local variables in " +"tracebacks. (Contributed by Robert Collins in :issue:`22936`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的命令行选项 ``--locals`` 可显示回溯中的局部变量。 （由 Robert Collins 在 :issue:`22936` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2004 +msgid "unittest.mock" +msgstr "unittest.mock" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2006 +msgid "The :class:`~unittest.mock.Mock` class has the following improvements:" +msgstr ":class:`~unittest.mock.Mock` 类具有以下改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2008 +msgid "" +"The class constructor has a new *unsafe* parameter, which causes mock " +"objects to raise :exc:`AttributeError` on attribute names starting with " +"``\"assert\"``. (Contributed by Kushal Das in :issue:`21238`.)" +msgstr "" +"类构造器新增了 *unsafe* 形参，它可导致模拟对象在名称以 ``\"assert\"`` 打头的属性名上引发 " +":exc:`AttributeError`。 （由 Kushal Das 在 :issue:`21238` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2013 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`Mock.assert_not_called() " +"` method to check if the mock object " +"was called. (Contributed by Kushal Das in :issue:`21262`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :meth:`Mock.assert_not_called() ` " +"方法用于检测模拟对象是否已被调用。 （由 Kushal Das 在 :issue:`21262` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2017 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~unittest.mock.MagicMock` class now supports " +":meth:`__truediv__`, :meth:`__divmod__` and :meth:`__matmul__` operators. " +"(Contributed by Johannes Baiter in :issue:`20968`, and Håkan Lövdahl in " +":issue:`23581` and :issue:`23568`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~unittest.mock.MagicMock` 类已支持 :meth:`__truediv__`, " +":meth:`__divmod__` 和 :meth:`__matmul__` 运算符。 （由 Johannes Baiter 在 " +":issue:`20968` 中贡献，并由 Håkan Lövdahl 在 :issue:`23581` 和 :issue:`23568` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2022 +msgid "" +"It is no longer necessary to explicitly pass ``create=True`` to the " +":func:`~unittest.mock.patch` function when patching builtin names. " +"(Contributed by Kushal Das in :issue:`17660`.)" +msgstr "" +"在对内置名称打补丁时不再需要显式地将 ``create=True`` 传给 :func:`~unittest.mock.patch` 函数。 （由 " +"Kushal Das 在 :issue:`17660` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2028 +msgid "urllib" +msgstr "urllib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2030 +msgid "" +"A new :class:`request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth " +"` class allows HTTP Basic " +"Authentication credentials to be managed so as to eliminate unnecessary " +"``401`` response handling, or to unconditionally send credentials on the " +"first request in order to communicate with servers that return a ``404`` " +"response instead of a ``401`` if the ``Authorization`` header is not sent. " +"(Contributed by Matej Cepl in :issue:`19494` and Akshit Khurana in " +":issue:`7159`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :class:`request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth " +"` 类允许对 HTTP 基本认证凭据进行管理以消除不必要的 " +"``401`` 响应处理，或在第一次请求时无条件地发送凭据，以便与返回 ``404`` 响应的服务器通信而不是在未发送 " +"``Authorization`` 头信息的情况下发送 ``401``。 （由 Matej Cepl 在 :issue:`19494` 以及 " +"Akshit Khurana 在 :issue:`7159` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"A new *quote_via* argument for the :func:`parse.urlencode() " +"` function provides a way to control the encoding of" +" query parts if needed. (Contributed by Samwyse and Arnon Yaari in " +":issue:`13866`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`parse.urlencode() ` 函数新增的 *quote_via* " +"参数提供了一种在需要时控制查询部分的编码格式的手段。 （由 Samwyse 和 Arnon Yaari 在 :issue:`13866` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2044 +msgid "" +"The :func:`request.urlopen() ` function accepts an " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext` object as a *context* argument, which will be used " +"for the HTTPS connection. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`22366`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`request.urlopen() ` 函数接受 " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 对象作为 *context* 参数，它将被用于 HTTPS 连接。 （由 Alex Gaynor 在 " +":issue:`22366` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2048 +msgid "" +"The :func:`parse.urljoin() ` was updated to use the " +":rfc:`3986` semantics for the resolution of relative URLs, rather than " +":rfc:`1808` and :rfc:`2396`. (Contributed by Demian Brecht and Senthil " +"Kumaran in :issue:`22118`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`parse.urljoin() ` 已获得更新已使用 :rfc:`3986` 语义来解析相对 " +"URL，而不是 :rfc:`1808` 和 :rfc:`2396`。 （由 Demian Brecht 和 Senthil Kumaran 在 " +":issue:`22118` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2055 +msgid "wsgiref" +msgstr "wsgiref" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2057 +msgid "" +"The *headers* argument of the :class:`headers.Headers " +"` class constructor is now optional. (Contributed " +"by Pablo Torres Navarrete and SilentGhost in :issue:`5800`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`headers.Headers ` 类构造器的 *headers* " +"参数将是可选的。 （由 Pablo Torres Navarrete 和 SilentGhost 在 :issue:`5800` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2063 +msgid "xmlrpc" +msgstr "xmlrpc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2065 +msgid "" +"The :class:`client.ServerProxy ` class now " +"supports the :term:`context manager` protocol. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa " +"in :issue:`20627`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`client.ServerProxy ` 类已支持 " +":term:`context manager` 协议。 （由 Claudiu Popa 在 :issue:`20627` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2069 +msgid "" +"The :class:`client.ServerProxy ` constructor now " +"accepts an optional :class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance. (Contributed by Alex " +"Gaynor in :issue:`22960`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`client.ServerProxy ` 构造器接受可选的 " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext` 实例。 （由 Alex Gaynor 在 :issue:`22960` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2075 +msgid "xml.sax" +msgstr "xml.sax" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2077 +msgid "" +"SAX parsers now support a character stream of the " +":class:`xmlreader.InputSource ` object. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`2175`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 SAX 解析器已支持 :class:`xmlreader.InputSource `" +" 对象的字符流。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`2175` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2081 +msgid "" +":func:`~xml.sax.parseString` now accepts a :class:`str` instance. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`10590`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~xml.sax.parseString` 接受 :class:`str` 实例。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`10590` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2086 +msgid "zipfile" +msgstr "zipfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2088 +msgid "" +"ZIP output can now be written to unseekable streams. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`23252`.)" +msgstr "现在可以将 ZIP 输出写入到不可定位的流。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`23252` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument of :meth:`ZipFile.open() ` method " +"now accepts ``\"x\"`` to request exclusive creation. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`21717`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`ZipFile.open() ` 方法的 *mode* 参数可接受 ``\"x\"`` " +"来请求独占式的创建。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`21717` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2097 +msgid "Other module-level changes" +msgstr "其他模块级更改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2099 +msgid "" +"Many functions in the :mod:`mmap`, :mod:`!ossaudiodev`, :mod:`socket`, " +":mod:`ssl`, and :mod:`codecs` modules now accept writable :term:`bytes-like " +"objects `. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`23001`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`mmap`, :mod:`!ossaudiodev`, :mod:`socket`, :mod:`ssl` 和 " +":mod:`codecs` 模块中的许多函数都接受可写的 :term:`字节型对象 `。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`23001` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2106 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2108 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.walk` function has been sped up by 3 to 5 times on POSIX " +"systems, and by 7 to 20 times on Windows. This was done using the new " +":func:`os.scandir` function, which exposes file information from the " +"underlying ``readdir`` or ``FindFirstFile``/``FindNextFile`` system calls. " +"(Contributed by Ben Hoyt with help from Victor Stinner in :issue:`23605`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.walk` 函数在 POSIX 系统上可提速 3 至 5 倍，而在 Windows 上可提速 7 至 20 倍。 这是因为使用了新的" +" :func:`os.scandir` 函数，它可以暴露来自下层 ``readdir`` 或 " +"``FindFirstFile``/``FindNextFile`` 系统调用的文件信息。 （由 Ben Hoyt 在 :issue:`23605` " +"中贡献并得到 Victor Stinner 的协助。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2114 +msgid "" +"Construction of ``bytes(int)`` (filled by zero bytes) is faster and uses " +"less memory for large objects. ``calloc()`` is used instead of ``malloc()`` " +"to allocate memory for these objects. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`21233`.)" +msgstr "" +"对于大对象 ``bytes(int)`` (以零字节填充) 的构建速度更快且使用更少内存。 将使用 ``calloc()`` 而不是 " +"``malloc()`` 为这些对象分配内存。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`21233` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2119 +msgid "" +"Some operations on :mod:`ipaddress` :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` and " +":class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network` have been massively sped up, such as " +":meth:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network.subnets`, " +":meth:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network.supernet`, " +":func:`~ipaddress.summarize_address_range`, " +":func:`~ipaddress.collapse_addresses`. The speed up can range from 3 to 15 " +"times. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, Michel Albert, and Markus in " +":issue:`21486`, :issue:`21487`, :issue:`20826`, :issue:`23266`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ipaddress` 中的 :class:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network` 和 " +":class:`~ipaddress.IPv6Network` 等操作获得了大幅度的加速，比如 " +":meth:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network.subnets`, " +":meth:`~ipaddress.IPv4Network.supernet`, " +":func:`~ipaddress.summarize_address_range`, " +":func:`~ipaddress.collapse_addresses`。 加速幅度从 3 到 15 倍不等。 （由 Antoine Pitrou, " +"Michel Albert 和 Markus 在 :issue:`21486`, :issue:`21487`, :issue:`20826`, " +":issue:`23266` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2127 +msgid "" +"Pickling of :mod:`ipaddress` objects was optimized to produce significantly " +"smaller output. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23133`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ipaddress` 对象的封存操作获得了优化以产生显著减小的输出。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`23133` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2130 +msgid "" +"Many operations on :class:`io.BytesIO` are now 50% to 100% faster. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`15381` and David Wilson in " +":issue:`22003`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`io.BytesIO` 上的许多操作可提速 50% 至 100%。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`15381` 以及 David Wilson 在 :issue:`22003` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2134 +msgid "" +"The :func:`marshal.dumps` function is now faster: 65--85% with versions 3 " +"and 4, 20--25% with versions 0 to 2 on typical data, and up to 5 times in " +"best cases. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`20416` and " +":issue:`23344`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`marshal.dumps` 函数速度可提升：对于典型数据来说版本 3 和 4 为 65--85%，版本 0 至 2 为 20--" +"25%，最佳场景下最多可达 5 倍。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`20416` 和 :issue:`23344` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2139 +msgid "" +"The UTF-32 encoder is now 3 to 7 times faster. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`15027`.)" +msgstr "现在 UTF-32 编码器可提速 3 至 7 倍。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`15027` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2142 +msgid "" +"Regular expressions are now parsed up to 10% faster. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`19380`.)" +msgstr "现在正则表达式的解析可提速至多 10%。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`19380` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2145 +msgid "" +"The :func:`json.dumps` function was optimized to run with " +"``ensure_ascii=False`` as fast as with ``ensure_ascii=True``. (Contributed " +"by Naoki Inada in :issue:`23206`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`json.dumps` 函数已获优化使得设置 ``ensure_ascii=False`` 时与设置 " +"``ensure_ascii=True`` 时运行得一样快。 （由 Naoki Inada 在 :issue:`23206` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2149 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyObject_IsInstance` and :c:func:`PyObject_IsSubclass` " +"functions have been sped up in the common case that the second argument has " +":class:`type` as its metaclass. (Contributed Georg Brandl by in " +":issue:`22540`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyObject_IsInstance` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_IsSubclass` 函数在第二个参数以 " +":class:`type` 作为其元类的常见情况下已获得加速。 （由 Georg Brandl 在 :issue:`22540` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2154 +msgid "" +"Method caching was slightly improved, yielding up to 5% performance " +"improvement in some benchmarks. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`22847`.)" +msgstr "" +"方法缓存操作已获少量改进，在某些基准测试中可产生至多 5% 的性能提升。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`22847` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2158 +msgid "" +"Objects from the :mod:`random` module now use 50% less memory on 64-bit " +"builds. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23488`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在来自 :mod:`random` 模块的对象在 64 位编译版上使用的内存将减少 50%。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`23488` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2161 +msgid "" +"The :func:`property` getter calls are up to 25% faster. (Contributed by Joe " +"Jevnik in :issue:`23910`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`property` getter 调用可提速 25%。 （由 Joe Jevnik 在 :issue:`23910` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2164 +msgid "" +"Instantiation of :class:`fractions.Fraction` is now up to 30% faster. " +"(Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`22464`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`fractions.Fraction` 的实例化可提速至多 30%。 （由 Stefan Behnel 在 " +":issue:`22464` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"String methods :meth:`~str.find`, :meth:`~str.rfind`, :meth:`~str.split`, " +":meth:`~str.partition` and the :keyword:`in` string operator are now " +"significantly faster for searching 1-character substrings. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23573`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在字符串方法 :meth:`~str.find`, :meth:`~str.rfind`, :meth:`~str.split`, " +":meth:`~str.partition` 和 :keyword:`in` 字符串运算符在搜索 1 个字符的子字符串时将显著提速。 （由 Serhiy" +" Storchaka 在 :issue:`23573` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2174 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2176 +msgid "New ``calloc`` functions were added:" +msgstr "增加了 ``calloc`` 函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2178 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`," +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`," + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2179 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`," +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`," + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2180 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2182 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`21233`.)" +msgstr "(Victor Stinner 贡献于 :issue:`21233`.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2184 +msgid "New encoding/decoding helper functions:" +msgstr "新的 encoding/decoding 帮助函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2186 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` (replaced ``_Py_char2wchar()``)," +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` (替代 ``_Py_char2wchar()``)," + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2187 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` (replaced ``_Py_wchar2char()``)." +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` (替代 ``_Py_wchar2char()``)." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2189 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`18395`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`18395` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2191 +msgid "" +"A new :c:func:`PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors` function to replace the unicode " +"encode error with ``\\N{...}`` escapes. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`19676`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :c:func:`PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors` 函数可以将 unicode 编码错误替换为 ``\\N{...}`` " +"转义符号。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`19676` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2195 +msgid "" +"A new :c:func:`PyErr_FormatV` function similar to :c:func:`PyErr_Format`, " +"but accepts a :c:type:`va_list` argument. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`18711`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :c:func:`PyErr_FormatV` 函数类似于 :c:func:`PyErr_Format`，但还接受一个 " +":c:type:`va_list` 参数。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`18711` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2199 +msgid "" +"A new :c:data:`PyExc_RecursionError` exception. (Contributed by Georg Brandl" +" in :issue:`19235`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :c:data:`PyExc_RecursionError` 异常。 （由 Georg Brandl 在 :issue:`19235` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2202 +msgid "" +"New :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`, :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2`, " +"and :c:func:`PyModule_ExecDef` functions introduced by :pep:`489` -- multi-" +"phase extension module initialization. (Contributed by Petr Viktorin in " +":issue:`24268`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec`, :c:func:`PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2` 和 " +":c:func:`PyModule_ExecDef` 函数，来自 :pep:`489` -- 多阶段扩展模块初始化。 （由 Petr Viktorin " +"在 :issue:`24268` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2207 +msgid "" +"New :c:func:`PyNumber_MatrixMultiply` and " +":c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply` functions to perform matrix " +"multiplication. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`21176`. See " +"also :pep:`465` for details.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :c:func:`PyNumber_MatrixMultiply` 和 " +":c:func:`PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply` 函数用于执行矩阵乘法。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 " +":issue:`21176` 中贡献。 另请参阅 :pep:`465` 了解详情。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"The :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` slot is now part of the stable ABI." +msgstr "现在 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` 槽位已成为稳定 ABI 的一部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2215 +msgid "" +"Windows builds now require Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0, which is available as " +"part of `Visual Studio 2015 `_." +msgstr "" +"Windows 构建现在需要 Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0，它是 `Visual Studio 2015 " +"`_ 的一部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2218 +msgid "" +"Extension modules now include a platform information tag in their filename " +"on some platforms (the tag is optional, and CPython will import extensions " +"without it, although if the tag is present and mismatched, the extension " +"won't be loaded):" +msgstr "" +"现在扩展模块在某些平台上的文件名将包括平台信息标签（该标签是可选的，即使没有它 CPython " +"也会导入扩展，但是如果存在不匹配的标签，扩展将不会被加载）：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2223 +msgid "" +"On Linux, extension module filenames end with " +"``.cpython-m--.pyd``:" +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 上，扩展模块文件名将以 ``.cpython-m--.pyd`` 结束：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2226 ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2243 +msgid "" +"```` is the major number of the Python version; for Python 3.5 this " +"is ``3``." +msgstr "```` 为 Python 主版本号；对于 Python 3.5 即为 ``3``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2229 ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2246 +msgid "" +"```` is the minor number of the Python version; for Python 3.5 this " +"is ``5``." +msgstr "```` 为 Python 次版本号；对于 Python 3.5 即为 ``5``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2232 +msgid "" +"```` is the hardware architecture the extension module was " +"built to run on. It's most commonly either ``i386`` for 32-bit Intel " +"platforms or ``x86_64`` for 64-bit Intel (and AMD) platforms." +msgstr "" +"```` 为扩展模块构建在运行时所使用的硬件架构。 最常见的值是 ``i386`` 表示 32 位 Intel 平台或 " +"``x86_64`` 表示 64 位 Intel (和 AMD) 平台。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2236 +msgid "" +"```` is always ``linux-gnu``, except for extensions built to talk to the" +" 32-bit ABI on 64-bit platforms, in which case it is ``linux-gnu32`` (and " +"```` will be ``x86_64``)." +msgstr "" +"```` 将始终为 ``linux-gnu``，除非扩展构建是针对 64 位平台上的 32 位 ABI，在此情况下它将为 ``linux-" +"gnu32`` (而 ```` 将为 ``x86_64``)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2240 +msgid "" +"On Windows, extension module filenames end with " +"``.cp-.pyd``:" +msgstr "在 Windows 上，扩展模块文件名将以 ``.cp-.pyd`` 结束：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2249 +msgid "" +"```` is the platform the extension module was built for, either " +"``win32`` for Win32, ``win_amd64`` for Win64, ``win_ia64`` for Windows " +"Itanium 64, and ``win_arm`` for Windows on ARM." +msgstr "" +"```` 是扩展模块构建所针对的平台，可以为 ``win32`` 表示 Win32，``win_amd64`` 表示 " +"Win64，``win_ia64`` 表示 Windows Itanium 64，``win_arm`` 表示 ARM 版 Windows。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2253 +msgid "" +"If built in debug mode, ```` will be ``_d``, otherwise it will be " +"blank." +msgstr "如果以调试模式构建，则 ```` 将为 ``_d``，在其他情况下将为空白。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"On OS X platforms, extension module filenames now end with ``-darwin.so``." +msgstr "在 OS X 平台上，扩展模块文件名现在将以 ``-darwin.so`` 结束。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2258 +msgid "" +"On all other platforms, extension module filenames are the same as they were" +" with Python 3.4." +msgstr "在所有其他平台上，扩展模块文件名与 Python 3.4 时一样。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2263 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2266 +msgid "New Keywords" +msgstr "新关键字" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2268 +msgid "" +"``async`` and ``await`` are not recommended to be used as variable, class, " +"function or module names. Introduced by :pep:`492` in Python 3.5, they will" +" become proper keywords in Python 3.7." +msgstr "" +"不建议将 ``async`` 和 ``await`` 用作变量、类、函数或模块的名称。 它们根据 :pep:`492` 在 Python 3.5 " +"中被引入，并将在 Python 3.7 成为保留关键字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2274 +msgid "Deprecated Python Behavior" +msgstr "已弃用的 Python 行为" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2276 +msgid "" +"Raising the :exc:`StopIteration` exception inside a generator will now " +"generate a silent :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`, which will become a non-" +"silent deprecation warning in Python 3.6 and will trigger a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` in Python 3.7. See :ref:`PEP 479: Change StopIteration " +"handling inside generators ` for details." +msgstr "" +"在生成器内部引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常现在将静默生成一个 " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`，这将在 Python 3.6 中改为非静默的弃用警告并在 Python 3.7 中触发" +" :exc:`RuntimeError`。 请参阅 :ref:`PEP 479: 修改生成器内部的 StopIteration 处理方式 " +"` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2284 +msgid "Unsupported Operating Systems" +msgstr "不支持的操作系统" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2286 +msgid "" +"Windows XP is no longer supported by Microsoft, thus, per :PEP:`11`, CPython" +" 3.5 is no longer officially supported on this OS." +msgstr "" +"Windows XP 已不再被 Microsoft 所支持，因此根据 :PEP:`11`，CPython 3.5 不再对该操作系统提供官方支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2291 +msgid "Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods" +msgstr "已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2293 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`formatter` module has now graduated to full deprecation and is " +"still slated for removal in Python 3.6." +msgstr "现在 :mod:`formatter` 模块状态已转为完全弃用并仍计划在 Python 3.6 中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2296 +msgid "" +"The :func:`asyncio.async` function is deprecated in favor of " +":func:`~asyncio.ensure_future`." +msgstr ":func:`asyncio.async` 函数已被弃用并由 of :func:`~asyncio.ensure_future` 取代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!smtpd` module has in the past always decoded the DATA portion of " +"email messages using the ``utf-8`` codec. This can now be controlled by the" +" new *decode_data* keyword to :class:`!SMTPServer`. The default value is " +"``True``, but this default is deprecated. Specify the *decode_data* keyword" +" with an appropriate value to avoid the deprecation warning." +msgstr "" +"在过去 :mod:`!smtpd` 模块总是会使用 ``utf-8`` 编解码器来解码电子邮件消息的 DATA 部分。 现在这可以通过传给 " +":class:`!SMTPServer` 的新关键字 *decode_data* 来控制。 默认值为 ``True``，但该默认值已被弃用。 请将 " +"*decode_data* 关键字指定为适当的值以避免弃用警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2305 +msgid "" +"Directly assigning values to the :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.key`, " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.value` and " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value` of :class:`http.cookies.Morsel` " +"objects is deprecated. Use the :meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` method " +"instead. In addition, the undocumented *LegalChars* parameter of " +":meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` is deprecated, and is now ignored." +msgstr "" +"直接向 :class:`http.cookies.Morsel` 对象的 :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.key`, " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.value` 和 " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value` 赋值操作已弃用。 请改用 " +":meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set`。 此外，:meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` 未写入文档的" +" *LegalChars* 形参也已弃用，现在将会被忽略。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2312 +msgid "" +"Passing a format string as keyword argument *format_string* to the " +":meth:`~string.Formatter.format` method of the :class:`string.Formatter` " +"class has been deprecated. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`23671`.)" +msgstr "" +"将格式字符串作为关键字参数 *format_string* 传给 :class:`string.Formatter` 类的 " +":meth:`~string.Formatter.format` 方法的操作已被弃用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`23671` 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2317 +msgid "" +"The :func:`platform.dist` and :func:`platform.linux_distribution` functions " +"are now deprecated. Linux distributions use too many different ways of " +"describing themselves, so the functionality is left to a package. " +"(Contributed by Vajrasky Kok and Berker Peksag in :issue:`1322`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`platform.dist` 和 :func:`platform.linux_distribution` 函数已被弃用。 各种 " +"Linux 发行版使用太多不同的方式来描述自己，所以此功能将留给具体的包来实现。 （由 Vajrasky Kok 和 Berker Peksag 在 " +":issue:`1322` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2322 +msgid "" +"The previously undocumented ``from_function`` and ``from_builtin`` methods " +"of :class:`inspect.Signature` are deprecated. Use the new " +":meth:`Signature.from_callable() ` method " +"instead. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`24248`.)" +msgstr "" +"之前未写入文档的 :class:`inspect.Signature` 的 ``from_function`` 和 ``from_builtin`` " +"方法已被弃用。 请改用新的 :meth:`Signature.from_callable() " +"` 方法。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`24248` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2327 +msgid "" +"The :func:`inspect.getargspec` function is deprecated and scheduled to be " +"removed in Python 3.6. (See :issue:`20438` for details.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`inspect.getargspec` 函数已被弃用并计划在 Python 3.6 中移除。 （请参阅 :issue:`20438` " +"了解详情。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2330 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`inspect` :func:`~inspect.getfullargspec`, " +":func:`~inspect.getcallargs`, and :func:`~inspect.formatargspec` functions " +"are deprecated in favor of the :func:`inspect.signature` API. (Contributed " +"by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`20438`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`inspect` 的 :func:`~inspect.getfullargspec`, " +":func:`~inspect.getcallargs` 和 :func:`~inspect.formatargspec` 函数已被弃用而应改用 " +":func:`inspect.signature` API。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`20438` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2335 +msgid "" +":func:`~inspect.getargvalues` and :func:`~inspect.formatargvalues` functions" +" were inadvertently marked as deprecated with the release of Python 3.5.0." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.5.0 发布时 :func:`~inspect.getargvalues` 和 " +":func:`~inspect.formatargvalues` 函数被误标记为已弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2338 +msgid "" +"Use of :const:`re.LOCALE` flag with str patterns or :const:`re.ASCII` is now" +" deprecated. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22407`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 str 模式中使用 :const:`re.LOCALE` 旗标或 :const:`re.ASCII` 的做法现在已被弃用。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`22407` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2341 +msgid "" +"Use of unrecognized special sequences consisting of ``'\\'`` and an ASCII " +"letter in regular expression patterns and replacement patterns now raises a " +"deprecation warning and will be forbidden in Python 3.6. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23622`.)" +msgstr "" +"在正则表达式模式和替换模式中使用不可识别的由 ``'\\'`` 加一个 ASCII 字母组成的序列的做法现在会引发弃用警告并将在 Python 3.6 " +"中被禁止。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`23622` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2346 +msgid "" +"The undocumented and unofficial *use_load_tests* default argument of the " +":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule` method now is deprecated and" +" ignored. (Contributed by Robert Collins and Barry A. Warsaw in " +":issue:`16662`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule` 方法未写入文档的非官方 " +"*use_load_tests* 默认参数已被弃用并会被忽略。 （由 Robert Collins 和 Barry A. Warsaw 在 " +":issue:`16662` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2353 +msgid "Removed" +msgstr "移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2356 +msgid "API and Feature Removals" +msgstr "API 与特性的移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2358 +msgid "" +"The following obsolete and previously deprecated APIs and features have been" +" removed:" +msgstr "以下过时并在之前版本中弃用的 API 和特性现已被移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2361 +msgid "" +"The ``__version__`` attribute has been dropped from the email package. The " +"email code hasn't been shipped separately from the stdlib for a long time, " +"and the ``__version__`` string was not updated in the last few releases." +msgstr "" +"``__version__`` 属性已从 mail 包中被去除。 email 包的代码已经很久没有与 stdlib 分开发布了，而 " +"``__version__`` 字符串在最近几次发布版中也没有被更新。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2365 +msgid "" +"The internal ``Netrc`` class in the :mod:`ftplib` module was deprecated in " +"3.4, and has now been removed. (Contributed by Matt Chaput in " +":issue:`6623`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`ftplib` 模块中的内部 ``Netrc`` 类在 3.4 中被弃用，现在已被移除。 （由 Matt Chaput 在 " +":issue:`6623` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2369 +msgid "The concept of ``.pyo`` files has been removed." +msgstr "``.pyo`` 文件的概念已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2371 +msgid "" +"The JoinableQueue class in the provisional :mod:`asyncio` module was " +"deprecated in 3.4.4 and is now removed. (Contributed by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis" +" in :issue:`23464`.)" +msgstr "" +"暂定的 :mod:`asyncio` 模块中的 JoinableQueue 类在 3.4.4 中被弃用，现在已被移除。 （由 A. Jesse " +"Jiryu Davis 在 :issue:`23464` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2377 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.5" +msgstr "移植到Python 3.5" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2379 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2384 +msgid "Changes in Python behavior" +msgstr "Python 行为的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2386 +msgid "" +"Due to an oversight, earlier Python versions erroneously accepted the " +"following syntax::" +msgstr "由于一个疏忽，之前的 Python 版本会错误地接受以下语法::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2389 +msgid "" +"f(1 for x in [1], *args)\n" +"f(1 for x in [1], **kwargs)" +msgstr "" +"f(1 for x in [1], *args)\n" +"f(1 for x in [1], **kwargs)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2392 +msgid "" +"Python 3.5 now correctly raises a :exc:`SyntaxError`, as generator " +"expressions must be put in parentheses if not a sole argument to a function." +msgstr "" +"对于生成器表达式不是传给函数的唯一参数时必须放在圆括号内的情况，Python 3.5 现在会正确地引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2397 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2399 +msgid "" +":pep:`475`: System calls are now retried when interrupted by a signal " +"instead of raising :exc:`InterruptedError` if the Python signal handler does" +" not raise an exception." +msgstr "" +":pep:`475`: 现在当系统调用被信号中断时如果 Python 信号处理器没有引发异常则会执行重试而不是引发 " +":exc:`InterruptedError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2403 +msgid "" +"Before Python 3.5, a :class:`datetime.time` object was considered to be " +"false if it represented midnight in UTC. This behavior was considered " +"obscure and error-prone and has been removed in Python 3.5. See " +":issue:`13936` for full details." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.5 之前，如果一个 :class:`datetime.time` 对象是表示 UTC 时间的午夜则会被视为假值。 " +"此行为被认为容易造成困惑和错误因而在 Python 3.5 中已被去除。 详情参见 :issue:`13936`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2408 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.send` method now raises either " +":exc:`ssl.SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`ssl.SSLWantWriteError` on a non-" +"blocking socket if the operation would block. Previously, it would return " +"``0``. (Contributed by Nikolaus Rath in :issue:`20951`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当操作将要阻塞时 :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.send` 方法将在非阻塞的套接字上引发 " +":exc:`ssl.SSLWantReadError` 或 :exc:`ssl.SSLWantWriteError`。 在之前版本中，它将返回 " +"``0``。 （由 Nikolaus Rath 在 :issue:`20951` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2413 +msgid "" +"The ``__name__`` attribute of generators is now set from the function name, " +"instead of being set from the code name. Use ``gen.gi_code.co_name`` to " +"retrieve the code name. Generators also have a new ``__qualname__`` " +"attribute, the qualified name, which is now used for the representation of a" +" generator (``repr(gen)``). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`21205`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在生成器的 ``__name__`` 属性是根据函数名设置的，而不是根据代码名设置的。 请使用 ``gen.gi_code.co_name`` " +"来获取代码名。 生成器还有一个新的 ``__qualname__`` 属性，即限定名称，它现在用于生成器的表示形式 (``repr(gen)``)。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`21205` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2420 +msgid "" +"The deprecated \"strict\" mode and argument of " +":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser`, :meth:`!HTMLParser.error`, and the " +":exc:`!HTMLParserError` exception have been removed. (Contributed by Ezio " +"Melotti in :issue:`15114`.) The *convert_charrefs* argument of " +":class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` is now ``True`` by default. (Contributed " +"by Berker Peksag in :issue:`21047`.)" +msgstr "" +"已弃用的 \"strict\" 模式和 :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser`, " +":meth:`!HTMLParser.error` 和 :exc:`!HTMLParserError` 异常参数已被移除。 （由 Ezio " +"Melotti 在 :issue:`15114` 中贡献。） 现在 :class:`~html.parser.HTMLParser` 的 " +"*convert_charrefs* 参数默认为 ``True``。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`21047` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2426 +msgid "" +"Although it is not formally part of the API, it is worth noting for porting " +"purposes (ie: fixing tests) that error messages that were previously of the " +"form \"'sometype' does not support the buffer protocol\" are now of the form" +" \"a :term:`bytes-like object` is required, not 'sometype'\". (Contributed " +"by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`16518`.)" +msgstr "" +"虽然不是 API 的正式组成部分，但对于移植目的（例如：修复测试）来说需要注意之前 \"'sometype' does not support the " +"buffer protocol\" 形式的错误消息现在将为 \"a :term:`bytes-like object` is required, not" +" 'sometype'\" 形式。 （由 Ezio Melotti 在 :issue:`16518` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2432 +msgid "" +"If the current directory is set to a directory that no longer exists then " +":exc:`FileNotFoundError` will no longer be raised and instead " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_spec` will return ``None`` " +"**without** caching ``None`` in :data:`sys.path_importer_cache`, which is " +"different than the typical case (:issue:`22834`)." +msgstr "" +"在当前目录被设为已不存在的目录时将不再引发 :exc:`FileNotFoundError` 而是改为 " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.FileFinder.find_spec` 返回 ``None`` 并且 **不在** " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` 中缓存 ``None``，这与典型的场景存在区别 (:issue:`22834`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2438 +msgid "" +"HTTP status code and messages from :mod:`http.client` and :mod:`http.server`" +" were refactored into a common :class:`~http.HTTPStatus` enum. The values " +"in :mod:`http.client` and :mod:`http.server` remain available for backwards " +"compatibility. (Contributed by Demian Brecht in :issue:`21793`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`http.client` 和 :mod:`http.server` 中的 HTTP 状态码和消息被重构为一个通用的 " +":class:`~http.HTTPStatus` 枚举。 :mod:`http.client` 和 :mod:`http.server` " +"中的值仍可被用于向下兼容性。 （由 Demian Brecht 在 :issue:`21793` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2443 +msgid "" +"When an import loader defines :meth:`importlib.machinery.Loader.exec_module`" +" it is now expected to also define " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.Loader.create_module` (raises a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` now, will be an error in Python 3.6). If the " +"loader inherits from :class:`importlib.abc.Loader` then there is nothing to " +"do, else simply define :meth:`~importlib.machinery.Loader.create_module` to " +"return ``None``. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`23014`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当一个导入加载器定义了 :meth:`importlib.machinery.Loader.exec_module` 时它也应该定义 " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.Loader.create_module` (现在会引发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`，在 Python 3.6 中将引发错误)。 如果加载器是继承自 " +":class:`importlib.abc.Loader` 那么就不需要做什么，在其他情况下只须定义 " +":meth:`~importlib.machinery.Loader.create_module` 来返回 ``None``。 （由 Brett " +"Cannon 在 :issue:`23014` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2451 +msgid "" +"The :func:`re.split` function always ignored empty pattern matches, so the " +"``\"x*\"`` pattern worked the same as ``\"x+\"``, and the ``\"\\b\"`` " +"pattern never worked. Now :func:`re.split` raises a warning if the pattern " +"could match an empty string. For compatibility, use patterns that never " +"match an empty string (e.g. ``\"x+\"`` instead of ``\"x*\"``). Patterns " +"that could only match an empty string (such as ``\"\\b\"``) now raise an " +"error. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22818`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`re.split` 函数总是会忽略空的模式匹配，因此 ``\"x*\"`` 模式的效果与 ``\"x+\"`` 相同，而 " +"``\"\\b\"`` 模式则没有效果。 现在当模式将匹配空字符串时 :func:`re.split` 会引发一个警告。 " +"为保持兼容性，请使用绝不会匹配空字符串的模式 (例如使用 ``\"x+\"`` 而不是 ``\"x*\"``)。 只匹配空字符串的模式 (例如 " +"``\"\\b\"``) 现在会引发一个错误。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`22818` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2459 +msgid "" +"The :class:`http.cookies.Morsel` dict-like interface has been made self " +"consistent: morsel comparison now takes the " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.key` and :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.value` into" +" account, :meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.copy` now results in a " +":class:`~http.cookies.Morsel` instance rather than a :class:`dict`, and " +":meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.update` will now raise an exception if any of " +"the keys in the update dictionary are invalid. In addition, the " +"undocumented *LegalChars* parameter of :func:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` is " +"deprecated and is now ignored. (Contributed by Demian Brecht in " +":issue:`2211`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`http.cookies.Morsel` 字典型接口已更为自洽：morsel 比较现在会将 " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.key` 和 :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.value` " +"都纳入考虑，:meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.copy` 现在将得到一个 " +":class:`~http.cookies.Morsel` 实例而不是 :class:`dict`，而 " +":meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.update` 现在当更新字典中的任一个键无效时将引发一个异常。 " +"此外，:func:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` 中未写入文档的 *LegalChars* 形参已被弃用并且现在会被忽略。 （由 " +"Demian Brecht 在 :issue:`2211` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2469 +msgid "" +":pep:`488` has removed ``.pyo`` files from Python and introduced the " +"optional ``opt-`` tag in ``.pyc`` file names. The " +":func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source` has gained an *optimization* " +"parameter to help control the ``opt-`` tag. Because of this, the " +"*debug_override* parameter of the function is now deprecated. ``.pyo`` files" +" are also no longer supported as a file argument to the Python interpreter " +"and thus serve no purpose when distributed on their own (i.e. sourceless " +"code distribution). Due to the fact that the magic number for bytecode has " +"changed in Python 3.5, all old ``.pyo`` files from previous versions of " +"Python are invalid regardless of this PEP." +msgstr "" +":pep:`488` 从 Python 中移除了``.pyo`` 文件并在 ``.pyc`` 文件名中引入可选的 ``opt-`` 标签。 " +":func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source` 增加了 *optimization* 形参以协助控制 ``opt-``" +" 标签。 为此，该函数的 *debug_override* 形参现在已被弃用。 ``.pyo`` 文件也已不再可以作为传给 Python " +"解释器的文件参数并且在单独分发（即不带源码的代码分发）时将不起作用。 由于在 Python 3.5 中字节码的魔术数字已被改变，即使在不考虑此 PEP " +"的情况下所有之前版本的 Python 的旧 ``.pyo`` 文件都已不可用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2480 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module now exports the :const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_FD_FRAMES` " +"constant on linux 3.6 and greater." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`socket` 模块会在 linux 3.6 或更高版本上导出 :const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_FD_FRAMES` " +"常量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2483 +msgid "" +"The :func:`ssl.cert_time_to_seconds` function now interprets the input time " +"as UTC and not as local time, per :rfc:`5280`. Additionally, the return " +"value is always an :class:`int`. (Contributed by Akira Li in " +":issue:`19940`.)" +msgstr "" +"根据 :rfc:`5280`，现在 :func:`ssl.cert_time_to_seconds` 函数会将输入的时间解读为 UTC 而不是本地时间。" +" 此外，其返回值必须为 :class:`int`。 （由 Akira Li 在 :issue:`19940` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2487 +msgid "" +"The ``pygettext.py`` Tool now uses the standard +NNNN format for timezones " +"in the POT-Creation-Date header." +msgstr "现在 ``pygettext.py`` 工具将为 POT-Creation-Date 标头中的时区使用标准的 +NNNN 格式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2490 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`smtplib` module now uses :data:`sys.stderr` instead of the " +"previous module-level :data:`stderr` variable for debug output. If your " +"(test) program depends on patching the module-level variable to capture the " +"debug output, you will need to update it to capture sys.stderr instead." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`smtplib` 模块对于调试输出将使用 :data:`sys.stderr` 而不是之前的模块级 :data:`stderr` " +"变量。 如果你的（测试）程序依赖于对模块级变量打补丁来捕获调试输出，你将需要更新代码将其改为捕获 sys.stderr。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2495 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`str.startswith` and :meth:`str.endswith` methods no longer return" +" ``True`` when finding the empty string and the indexes are completely out " +"of range. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`24284`.)" +msgstr "" +"当发现空字符串且索引完全超出范围时 :meth:`str.startswith` 和 :meth:`str.endswith` 方法将不再返回 " +"``True``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`24284` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2499 +msgid "" +"The :func:`inspect.getdoc` function now returns documentation strings " +"inherited from base classes. Documentation strings no longer need to be " +"duplicated if the inherited documentation is appropriate. To suppress an " +"inherited string, an empty string must be specified (or the documentation " +"may be filled in). This change affects the output of the :mod:`pydoc` " +"module and the :func:`help` function. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`15582`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`inspect.getdoc` 将返回从基类继承的文档字符串。 如果继承的文档字符串可用就不需要再复制文档字符串。 " +"要屏蔽继承的字符串，必须指定一个空字符串（否则将会填充文档）。 此项改变将影响 :mod:`pydoc` 模块和 :func:`help` 函数的输出。" +" （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`15582` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2507 +msgid "" +"Nested :func:`functools.partial` calls are now flattened. If you were " +"relying on the previous behavior, you can now either add an attribute to a " +":func:`functools.partial` object or you can create a subclass of " +":func:`functools.partial`. (Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky in " +":issue:`7830`.)" +msgstr "" +"嵌套的 :func:`functools.partial` 调用现在已被展平。 如果你需要之前的行为，现在你可以为 " +":func:`functools.partial` 对象添加一个属性或者创建一个 :func:`functools.partial` 的子类。 （由 " +"Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:`7830` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2514 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2516 +msgid "" +"The undocumented :c:member:`!format` member of the (non-public) " +":c:type:`PyMemoryViewObject` structure has been removed. All extensions " +"relying on the relevant parts in ``memoryobject.h`` must be rebuilt." +msgstr "" +"(非公开) :c:type:`PyMemoryViewObject` 结构体中未写入文档的 :c:member:`!format` 成员已被移除。 " +"所有依赖于 ``memoryobject.h`` 中相关部分的扩展都必须重新编译。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2521 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`PyMemAllocator` structure was renamed to " +":c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` and a new ``calloc`` field was added." +msgstr "" +" :c:type:`PyMemAllocator` 结构被重命名为 :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` 并且添加了一个字段 " +"``calloc`` 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2524 +msgid "" +"Removed non-documented macro :c:macro:`!PyObject_REPR()` which leaked " +"references. Use format character ``%R`` in " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`-like functions to format the :func:`repr` of " +"the object. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22453`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了会泄漏引用的未写入文档的宏 :c:macro:`!PyObject_REPR()`。请在 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` 之类的函数中使用格式符 ``%R`` 来格式化对象的 :func:`repr`。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`22453` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2529 +msgid "" +"Because the lack of the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute breaks pickling " +"and introspection, a deprecation warning is now raised for builtin types " +"without the :attr:`~type.__module__` attribute. This will be an " +":exc:`AttributeError` in the future. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`20204`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于缺少 :attr:`~type.__module__` 属性会破坏封存和内省特性，现在对于没有 :attr:`~type.__module__` " +"属性的内置类型会引发弃用警告。 这在未来将改为 :exc:`AttributeError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`20204` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2535 +msgid "" +"As part of the :pep:`492` implementation, the ``tp_reserved`` slot of " +":c:type:`PyTypeObject` was replaced with a " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_async` slot. Refer to :ref:`coro-objects` " +"for new types, structures and functions." +msgstr "" +"作为 :pep:`492` 实现的一部分，:c:type:`PyTypeObject` 的 ``tp_reserved`` 槽位被替换为 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_as_async` 槽位。 请参看 :ref:`coro-objects` " +"了解相关的新类型、结构体和函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2542 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.5.4" +msgstr "Python 3.5.4 的显著变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2545 +msgid "New ``make regen-all`` build target" +msgstr "新增 ``make regen-all`` 构建目标" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2547 +msgid "" +"To simplify cross-compilation, and to ensure that CPython can reliably be " +"compiled without requiring an existing version of Python to already be " +"available, the autotools-based build system no longer attempts to implicitly" +" recompile generated files based on file modification times." +msgstr "" +"为了简化交叉编译，并确保 CPython 能够可靠地编译而不需要已存在可用的 Python 版本，基于 autotools " +"的构建系统将不再尝试根据文件修改时间隐式地重新编译已生成的文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2552 +msgid "" +"Instead, a new ``make regen-all`` command has been added to force " +"regeneration of these files when desired (e.g. after an initial version of " +"Python has already been built based on the pregenerated versions)." +msgstr "" +"取而代之的是，新增了一个 ``make regen-all`` 命令以便在需要时强制重新生成这些文件（例如在基于预生成版本构建了 Python " +"的初始版本之后）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2556 +msgid "" +"More selective regeneration targets are also defined - see " +":source:`Makefile.pre.in` for details." +msgstr "还定义了其他一些更具选择性的重生成目标 —— 详情参见 :source:`Makefile.pre.in`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2559 ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2572 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23404`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`23404` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2565 +msgid "Removal of ``make touch`` build target" +msgstr "移除了 ``make touch`` 构建目标" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2567 +msgid "" +"The ``make touch`` build target previously used to request implicit " +"regeneration of generated files by updating their modification times has " +"been removed." +msgstr "之前用于通过更新生成文件的修改时间来请求隐式的重新生成这些文件的 ``make touch`` 构建目标已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.5.rst:2570 +msgid "It has been replaced by the new ``make regen-all`` target." +msgstr "它已被新的 ``make regen-all`` 目标所替代。" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.6.po b/whatsnew/3.6.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33d3bfcc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.6.po @@ -0,0 +1,4436 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-29 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.6" +msgstr "Python 3.6 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:0 +msgid "Editors" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:5 +msgid "Elvis Pranskevichus , Yury Selivanov " +msgstr "Elvis Pranskevichus , Yury Selivanov " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.6, compared to 3.5. " +"Python 3.6 was released on December 23, 2016.  See the `changelog " +"`_ for a full list of " +"changes." +msgstr "" +"本文解释了与3.5相比，Python 3.6中的新功能。 Python 3.6于2016年12月23日发布。请参阅 `changelog " +"`_ 以获取完整的更改列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:54 +msgid ":pep:`494` - Python 3.6 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`494` - Python 3.6 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:58 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:60 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:62 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 498 `, formatted string literals." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 498 `, 格式化字符串字面值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:64 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 515 `, underscores in numeric literals." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 515 `, 数字字面值中的下划线。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:66 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 526 `, syntax for variable annotations." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 526 ` , 变量标注语法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:68 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 525 `, asynchronous generators." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 525 `，异步生成器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:70 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 530 `: asynchronous comprehensions." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 530 `: 异步推导式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:73 +msgid "New library modules:" +msgstr "新的库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:75 +msgid "" +":mod:`secrets`: :ref:`PEP 506 -- Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard " +"Library `." +msgstr "" +":mod:`secrets`: :ref:`PEP 506 -- Python 标准库增加一个密码模块 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:78 +msgid "CPython implementation improvements:" +msgstr "CPython 实现的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:80 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`dict ` type has been reimplemented to use a " +":ref:`more compact representation ` based on `a " +"proposal by Raymond Hettinger `_ and similar to the `PyPy dict " +"implementation`_. This resulted in dictionaries using 20% to 25% less " +"memory when compared to Python 3.5." +msgstr "" +"根据 `Raymond Hettinger 的提议 `_ 已将 :ref:`dict ` 类型重新实现为使用 " +":ref:`更紧凑的表示形式 ` 并类似于 `PyPy dict implementation`_。 " +"这使得字典所使用的内存相对于 Python 3.5 版减少了 20% 到 25%。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:87 +msgid "" +"Customization of class creation has been simplified with the :ref:`new " +"protocol `." +msgstr "类创建的定制过程通过 :ref:`新协议 ` 得到了简化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:90 +msgid "" +"The class attribute definition order is :ref:`now preserved " +"`." +msgstr "类属性的定义顺序 :ref:`现在会被保留 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:93 +msgid "" +"The order of elements in ``**kwargs`` now :ref:`corresponds to the order " +"` in which keyword arguments were passed to the function." +msgstr "现在 ``**kwargs`` 中的元素会与传给函数的关键字参数 :ref:`保持对应顺序 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:97 +msgid "" +"DTrace and SystemTap :ref:`probing support ` has been " +"added." +msgstr "添加了 DTrace 和 SystemTap :ref:`探测支持 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:100 +msgid "" +"The new :ref:`PYTHONMALLOC ` environment variable " +"can now be used to debug the interpreter memory allocation and access " +"errors." +msgstr "" +"新的 :ref:`PYTHONMALLOC ` 环境变量可被用来调试解释器的内存分配和访问错误。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:105 +msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:" +msgstr "标准库中的重大改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:107 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` module has received new features, significant usability " +"and performance improvements, and a fair amount of bug fixes. Starting with " +"Python 3.6 the ``asyncio`` module is no longer provisional and its API is " +"considered stable." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 模块获得了许多新特性，显著的可用性和性能提升，以及大量的问题修正。 从 Python 3.6 开始 ``asyncio``" +" 模块不再处于待定状态，它已被视为稳定 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:112 +msgid "" +"A new :ref:`file system path protocol ` has been " +"implemented to support :term:`path-like objects `. All " +"standard library functions operating on paths have been updated to work with" +" the new protocol." +msgstr "" +"实现了新的 :ref:`文件系统路径协议 ` 以支持 :term:`路径类对象 `。 所有操作路径的标准库函数已被更新为使用新的协议。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:117 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`datetime` module has gained support for :ref:`Local Time " +"Disambiguation `." +msgstr ":mod:`datetime` 模块已获得对 :ref:`本地时间消歧义 ` 的支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:120 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`typing` module received a number of :ref:`improvements " +"`." +msgstr ":mod:`typing` 模块获得了大量的 :ref:`改进 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:123 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tracemalloc` module has been significantly reworked and is now " +"used to provide better output for :exc:`ResourceWarning` as well as provide " +"better diagnostics for memory allocation errors. See the :ref:`PYTHONMALLOC " +"section ` for more information." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tracemalloc` 模块已被大幅重写，现在将被用于为 :exc:`ResourceWarning` " +"提供更好的输出，并为内存分配错误提供更好的诊断。 请参阅 :ref:`PYTHONMALLOC 一节 " +"` 来了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:130 +msgid "Security improvements:" +msgstr "安全改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:132 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`secrets` module has been added to simplify the generation of " +"cryptographically strong pseudo-random numbers suitable for managing secrets" +" such as account authentication, tokens, and similar." +msgstr "添加了 :mod:`secrets` 模块以简化适用于密码管理的高加密强度伪随机数的生成，例如账户验证、安全凭据等场景。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:136 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1283 +msgid "" +"On Linux, :func:`os.urandom` now blocks until the system urandom entropy " +"pool is initialized to increase the security. See the :pep:`524` for the " +"rationale." +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 上，现在 :func:`os.urandom` 会阻塞直到系统的 urandom 熵池被初始化以提升安全性。 其理由参见 " +":pep:`524`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:140 +msgid "The :mod:`hashlib` and :mod:`ssl` modules now support OpenSSL 1.1.0." +msgstr ":mod:`hashlib` 和 :mod:`ssl` 模块现在支持 OpenSSL 1.1.0。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:142 +msgid "" +"The default settings and feature set of the :mod:`ssl` module have been " +"improved." +msgstr ":mod:`ssl` 模块的默认设置和特性集已得到改进。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:145 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`hashlib` module received support for the BLAKE2, SHA-3 and SHAKE " +"hash algorithms and the :func:`~hashlib.scrypt` key derivation function." +msgstr "" +":mod:`hashlib` 模块获得了对 BLAKE2, SHA-3 和 SHAKE 哈希算法以及 :func:`~hashlib.scrypt` " +"密钥派生函数的支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:149 +msgid "Windows improvements:" +msgstr "Windows改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:151 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 528 ` and :ref:`PEP 529 `, " +"Windows filesystem and console encoding changed to UTF-8." +msgstr "" +":ref:`PEP 528 ` 和 :ref:`PEP 529 `, " +"将Windows文件系统和控制台的编码更改为UTF-8" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:154 +msgid "" +"The ``py.exe`` launcher, when used interactively, no longer prefers Python 2" +" over Python 3 when the user doesn't specify a version (via command line " +"arguments or a config file). Handling of shebang lines remains unchanged - " +"\"python\" refers to Python 2 in that case." +msgstr "" +"在交互式地使用 ``py.exe`` 启动器时，当用户未（通过命令行参数或配置文件）指定版本时不再优先选择 Python 2 而是选择 Python " +"3。 对声明行的处理则保持不变 —— 在这种情况下 \"python\" 还是指 Python 2。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:159 +msgid "" +"``python.exe`` and ``pythonw.exe`` have been marked as long-path aware, " +"which means that the 260 character path limit may no longer apply. See " +":ref:`removing the MAX_PATH limitation ` for details." +msgstr "" +"``python.exe`` 和 ``pythonw.exe`` 已被标记为支持长路径，这意味着不再有 260 个字符的路径长度限制。 详情参见 " +":ref:`移除 MAX_PATH 限制 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:163 +msgid "" +"A ``._pth`` file can be added to force isolated mode and fully specify all " +"search paths to avoid registry and environment lookup. See :ref:`the " +"documentation ` for more information." +msgstr "" +"可以添加一个 ``._pth`` 文件来强制使用隔离模式和完整指定所有搜索路径来避免注册表和环境查找。 更多信息请参阅 :ref:`相关文档 " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:167 +msgid "" +"A ``python36.zip`` file now works as a landmark to infer " +":envvar:`PYTHONHOME`. See :ref:`the documentation `" +" for more information." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``python36.zip`` 文件可以作为推断 :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` 的标记物。 请参阅 :ref:`相关文档 " +"` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:176 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:181 +msgid "PEP 498: Formatted string literals" +msgstr "PEP 498: 格式化字符串字面值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:183 +msgid "" +":pep:`498` introduces a new kind of string literals: *f-strings*, or " +":ref:`formatted string literals `." +msgstr ":pep:`498` 引入了一种新型的字符串字面值: *f-字符串*，或称 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:186 +msgid "" +"Formatted string literals are prefixed with ``'f'`` and are similar to the " +"format strings accepted by :meth:`str.format`. They contain replacement " +"fields surrounded by curly braces. The replacement fields are expressions, " +"which are evaluated at run time, and then formatted using the :func:`format`" +" protocol::" +msgstr "" +"格式化字符串字面值带有 ``'f'`` 前缀并且类似于 :meth:`str.format` 所接受的格式字符串。 其中包含由花括号包围的替换字段。 " +"替换字段属于表达式，它们会在运行时被求值，然后使用 :func:`format` 协议进行格式化::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:192 +msgid "" +">>> name = \"Fred\"\n" +">>> f\"He said his name is {name}.\"\n" +"'He said his name is Fred.'\n" +">>> width = 10\n" +">>> precision = 4\n" +">>> value = decimal.Decimal(\"12.34567\")\n" +">>> f\"result: {value:{width}.{precision}}\" # nested fields\n" +"'result: 12.35'" +msgstr "" +">>> name = \"Fred\"\n" +">>> f\"He said his name is {name}.\"\n" +"'He said his name is Fred.'\n" +">>> width = 10\n" +">>> precision = 4\n" +">>> value = decimal.Decimal(\"12.34567\")\n" +">>> f\"result: {value:{width}.{precision}}\" # nested fields\n" +"'result: 12.35'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:203 +msgid ":pep:`498` -- Literal String Interpolation." +msgstr ":pep:`498` -- 字符串字面值插值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:204 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric V. Smith." +msgstr "PEP 由 Eric V. Smith 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:206 +msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation `." +msgstr ":ref:`特性文档 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:212 +msgid "PEP 526: Syntax for variable annotations" +msgstr "PEP 526: 变量标注的语法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:214 +msgid "" +":pep:`484` introduced the standard for type annotations of function " +"parameters, a.k.a. type hints. This PEP adds syntax to Python for annotating" +" the types of variables including class variables and instance variables::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`484` 引入了函数形参类型标注即类型提示的标准。 这个 PEP 为 Python 添加了标注变量类型的语法，包括类变量和实例变量::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:218 +msgid "" +"primes: List[int] = []\n" +"\n" +"captain: str # Note: no initial value!\n" +"\n" +"class Starship:\n" +" stats: Dict[str, int] = {}" +msgstr "" +"primes: List[int] = []\n" +"\n" +"captain: str # 注意：没有初始值\n" +"\n" +"class Starship:\n" +" stats: Dict[str, int] = {}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:225 +msgid "" +"Just as for function annotations, the Python interpreter does not attach any" +" particular meaning to variable annotations and only stores them in the " +"``__annotations__`` attribute of a class or module." +msgstr "" +"与函数标注一样，Python 解释器不会为变量标注附加任何特殊含义，仅会将其保存在类或模块的 ``__annotations__`` 属性中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:229 +msgid "" +"In contrast to variable declarations in statically typed languages, the goal" +" of annotation syntax is to provide an easy way to specify structured type " +"metadata for third party tools and libraries via the abstract syntax tree " +"and the ``__annotations__`` attribute." +msgstr "" +"与静态类型语法的变量声明不同，标注语法的目的是通过抽象语法树和 ``__annotations__`` " +"属性提供一个简单方式来为第三方工具和库指定结构化类型元数据。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:236 +msgid ":pep:`526` -- Syntax for variable annotations." +msgstr ":pep:`526` -- 变量标注的语法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:237 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Ryan Gonzalez, Philip House, Ivan Levkivskyi, Lisa Roach, and" +" Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" +"PEP 由 Ryan Gonzalez, Philip House, Ivan Levkivskyi, Lisa Roach, 和 Guido van " +"Rossum 撰写，由 Ivan Levkivskyi 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:240 +msgid "" +"Tools that use or will use the new syntax: `mypy `_, `pytype `_, PyCharm, etc." +msgstr "" +"使用或将要使用此新语法的工具有: `mypy `_, `pytype " +"`_, PyCharm 等等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:248 +msgid "PEP 515: Underscores in Numeric Literals" +msgstr "PEP 515: 数字字面值中的下划线。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:250 +msgid "" +":pep:`515` adds the ability to use underscores in numeric literals for " +"improved readability. For example::" +msgstr ":pep:`515` 增加了在数字字面值中使用下划线的能力以改善可读性。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:253 +msgid "" +">>> 1_000_000_000_000_000\n" +"1000000000000000\n" +">>> 0x_FF_FF_FF_FF\n" +"4294967295" +msgstr "" +">>> 1_000_000_000_000_000\n" +"1000000000000000\n" +">>> 0x_FF_FF_FF_FF\n" +"4294967295" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:258 +msgid "" +"Single underscores are allowed between digits and after any base specifier." +" Leading, trailing, or multiple underscores in a row are not allowed." +msgstr "单个下划线允许用在数码之间和任何数制指示符之后。 一行内不允许有开头、末尾或多个下划线。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:262 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`string formatting ` language also now has support for " +"the ``'_'`` option to signal the use of an underscore for a thousands " +"separator for floating-point presentation types and for integer presentation" +" type ``'d'``. For integer presentation types ``'b'``, ``'o'``, ``'x'``, " +"and ``'X'``, underscores will be inserted every 4 digits::" +msgstr "" +":ref:`字符串格式化 ` 语言现在也支持以 ``'_'`` 选项来表示用下划线作为浮点表示类型和整数表示类型 ``'d'``" +" 的千位分隔符。 对于整数表示类型 ``'b'``, ``'o'``, ``'x'`` 和 ``'X'``，将每隔 4 数码插入一个下划线::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:269 +msgid "" +">>> '{:_}'.format(1000000)\n" +"'1_000_000'\n" +">>> '{:_x}'.format(0xFFFFFFFF)\n" +"'ffff_ffff'" +msgstr "" +">>> '{:_}'.format(1000000)\n" +"'1_000_000'\n" +">>> '{:_x}'.format(0xFFFFFFFF)\n" +"'ffff_ffff'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:276 +msgid ":pep:`515` -- Underscores in Numeric Literals" +msgstr ":pep:`515` -- 数字字面值中的下划线。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:277 +msgid "PEP written by Georg Brandl and Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "PEP 由 Georg Brandl 和 Serhiy Storchaka 撰写" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:283 +msgid "PEP 525: Asynchronous Generators" +msgstr "PEP 525: 异步生成器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:285 +msgid "" +":pep:`492` introduced support for native coroutines and ``async`` / " +"``await`` syntax to Python 3.5. A notable limitation of the Python 3.5 " +"implementation is that it was not possible to use ``await`` and ``yield`` in" +" the same function body. In Python 3.6 this restriction has been lifted, " +"making it possible to define *asynchronous generators*::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`492` 将对原生协程和 ``async`` / ``await`` 语法的支持引入到 Python 3.5 中。 但 Python 3.5" +" 实现的一个明显限制是不可能在同一函数体中同时使用 ``await`` 和 ``yield``。 在 Python 3.6 " +"中此限制已被解除，这样就就能够定义 *异步生成器*::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:291 +msgid "" +"async def ticker(delay, to):\n" +" \"\"\"Yield numbers from 0 to *to* every *delay* seconds.\"\"\"\n" +" for i in range(to):\n" +" yield i\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(delay)" +msgstr "" +"async def ticker(delay, to):\n" +" \"\"\"每隔 *delay* 秒从 0 到 *to* 产生数字。\"\"\"\n" +" for i in range(to):\n" +" yield i\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(delay)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:297 +msgid "The new syntax allows for faster and more concise code." +msgstr "这个新语法允许更快速且更精简的代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:301 +msgid ":pep:`525` -- Asynchronous Generators" +msgstr ":pep:`525` -- 异步生成器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:302 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:323 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "PEP 由 Yury Selivanov 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:308 +msgid "PEP 530: Asynchronous Comprehensions" +msgstr "PEP 530: 异步推导式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:310 +msgid "" +":pep:`530` adds support for using ``async for`` in list, set, dict " +"comprehensions and generator expressions::" +msgstr ":pep:`530` 添加了对在列表、集合与字典推导式和生成器表达式中使用 ``async for`` 的支持::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:313 +msgid "result = [i async for i in aiter() if i % 2]" +msgstr "result = [i async for i in aiter() if i % 2]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:315 +msgid "" +"Additionally, ``await`` expressions are supported in all kinds of " +"comprehensions::" +msgstr "此外，``await`` 表达式也在所有种类的推导式中得到支持::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:318 +msgid "result = [await fun() for fun in funcs if await condition()]" +msgstr "result = [await fun() for fun in funcs if await condition()]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:322 +msgid ":pep:`530` -- Asynchronous Comprehensions" +msgstr ":pep:`530` -- 异步推导式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:329 +msgid "PEP 487: Simpler customization of class creation" +msgstr "PEP 487: 更简单的自定义类创建" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:331 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to customize subclass creation without using a metaclass." +" The new ``__init_subclass__`` classmethod will be called on the base class " +"whenever a new subclass is created::" +msgstr "" +"现在可以在不使用元类的情况下自定义子类的创建。 当一个新的子类被创建时将在基类上调用新的 ``__init_subclass__`` 类方法::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:335 +msgid "" +"class PluginBase:\n" +" subclasses = []\n" +"\n" +" def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):\n" +" super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)\n" +" cls.subclasses.append(cls)\n" +"\n" +"class Plugin1(PluginBase):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class Plugin2(PluginBase):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"class PluginBase:\n" +" subclasses = []\n" +"\n" +" def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):\n" +" super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)\n" +" cls.subclasses.append(cls)\n" +"\n" +"class Plugin1(PluginBase):\n" +" pass\n" +"\n" +"class Plugin2(PluginBase):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:348 +msgid "" +"In order to allow zero-argument :func:`super` calls to work correctly from " +":meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` implementations, custom metaclasses must " +"ensure that the new ``__classcell__`` namespace entry is propagated to " +"``type.__new__`` (as described in :ref:`class-object-creation`)." +msgstr "" +"为了让来自 :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` 实现的零参数 :func:`super` " +"调用能正确工作，自定义元类必须保证新的 ``__classcell__`` 命名空间入口被传播到 ``type.__new__`` (如 " +":ref:`class-object-creation` 中所描述)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:355 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:393 +msgid ":pep:`487` -- Simpler customization of class creation" +msgstr ":pep:`487` -- 更简单的自定义类创建" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:356 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:394 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Martin Teichmann." +msgstr "PEP 由 Martin Teichmann 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:358 +msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation `" +msgstr ":ref:`特性文档 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:364 +msgid "PEP 487: Descriptor Protocol Enhancements" +msgstr "PEP 487: 描述器协议的增强" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:366 +msgid "" +":pep:`487` extends the descriptor protocol to include the new optional " +":meth:`~object.__set_name__` method. Whenever a new class is defined, the " +"new method will be called on all descriptors included in the definition, " +"providing them with a reference to the class being defined and the name " +"given to the descriptor within the class namespace. In other words, " +"instances of descriptors can now know the attribute name of the descriptor " +"in the owner class::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`487` 扩展了描述器协议以包括新的可选方法 :meth:`~object.__set_name__`。 " +"当创建一个新类时，这个新方法将在定义中包括的所有描述器上被调用，为它们提供对所定义类的引用以及在类命名中间中给予描述器的名称。 " +"换句话说，描述器的实例现在能知道描述器在所有者类中的属性名称::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:374 +msgid "" +"class IntField:\n" +" def __get__(self, instance, owner):\n" +" return instance.__dict__[self.name]\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, instance, value):\n" +" if not isinstance(value, int):\n" +" raise ValueError(f'expecting integer in {self.name}')\n" +" instance.__dict__[self.name] = value\n" +"\n" +" # this is the new initializer:\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +"\n" +"class Model:\n" +" int_field = IntField()" +msgstr "" +"class IntField:\n" +" def __get__(self, instance, owner):\n" +" return instance.__dict__[self.name]\n" +"\n" +" def __set__(self, instance, value):\n" +" if not isinstance(value, int):\n" +" raise ValueError(f'expecting integer in {self.name}')\n" +" instance.__dict__[self.name] = value\n" +"\n" +" # 这是新的初始化器：\n" +" def __set_name__(self, owner, name):\n" +" self.name = name\n" +"\n" +"class Model:\n" +" int_field = IntField()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:396 +msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation `" +msgstr ":ref:`特性文档 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:402 +msgid "PEP 519: Adding a file system path protocol" +msgstr "PEP 519: 添加文件系统路径协议" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:404 +msgid "" +"File system paths have historically been represented as :class:`str` or " +":class:`bytes` objects. This has led to people who write code which operate " +"on file system paths to assume that such objects are only one of those two " +"types (an :class:`int` representing a file descriptor does not count as that" +" is not a file path). Unfortunately that assumption prevents alternative " +"object representations of file system paths like :mod:`pathlib` from working" +" with pre-existing code, including Python's standard library." +msgstr "" +"文件系统路径历来被表示为 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象。 " +"这使得编写对文件系统路径进行操作的代码的人会假定这种对象只能是这两种类型之一（不考虑表示文件描述符的 :class:`int` 因为它不是文件路径）。 " +"不幸的是，这种假定阻止了像 :mod:`pathlib` 这样的文件系统路径的替代对象表示形式与包括 Python 标准库在内的现有代码协同工作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:413 +msgid "" +"To fix this situation, a new interface represented by :class:`os.PathLike` " +"has been defined. By implementing the :meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` " +"method, an object signals that it represents a path. An object can then " +"provide a low-level representation of a file system path as a :class:`str` " +"or :class:`bytes` object. This means an object is considered :term:`path-" +"like ` if it implements :class:`os.PathLike` or is a " +":class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object which represents a file system path. " +"Code can use :func:`os.fspath`, :func:`os.fsdecode`, or :func:`os.fsencode` " +"to explicitly get a :class:`str` and/or :class:`bytes` representation of a " +"path-like object." +msgstr "" +"为了修正这种情况，一个由 :class:`os.PathLike` 表示的新接口被定义出来。 通过实现 " +":meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` 方法，对象可以表明它代表一个路径。 这样一个对象就能以 :class:`str` 或 " +":class:`bytes` 对象的形式提供文件系统路径的低层级表示。 这意味着如果一个对象实现了 :class:`os.PathLike` " +"或者是表示文件系统路径的 :class:`str` 或 :class:`bytes` 对象它就会被当作是 :term:`路径型对象 `。 代码可以使用 :func:`os.fspath`、:func:`os.fsdecode` 或 " +":func:`os.fsencode` 来显式地获取一个路径型对象的 :class:`str` 和/或 :class:`bytes` 表示形式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:426 +msgid "" +"The built-in :func:`open` function has been updated to accept " +":class:`os.PathLike` objects, as have all relevant functions in the " +":mod:`os` and :mod:`os.path` modules, and most other functions and classes " +"in the standard library. The :class:`os.DirEntry` class and relevant " +"classes in :mod:`pathlib` have also been updated to implement " +":class:`os.PathLike`." +msgstr "" +"内置 :func:`open` 函数已被更新为接受 :class:`os.PathLike` 对象，就像 :mod:`os` 和 " +":mod:`os.path` 模块中的所有相关函数和标准库中的大多数其他函数和类一样。 :class:`os.DirEntry` 类和 " +":mod:`pathlib` 中的相关类也已被更新以实现 :class:`os.PathLike`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:433 +msgid "" +"The hope is that updating the fundamental functions for operating on file " +"system paths will lead to third-party code to implicitly support all " +":term:`path-like objects ` without any code changes, or at" +" least very minimal ones (e.g. calling :func:`os.fspath` at the beginning of" +" code before operating on a path-like object)." +msgstr "" +"希望对于针对文件系统路径操作的基本函数的更新将会使得第三方代码都能隐式地支持所有 :term:`路径型对象 ` " +"而无须修改任何代码，或者至少只需极少的修改（例如当对路径型对象进行操作之前在代码的开头调用 :func:`os.fspath` 即可）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:440 +msgid "" +"Here are some examples of how the new interface allows for " +":class:`pathlib.Path` to be used more easily and transparently with pre-" +"existing code::" +msgstr "下面的这些示例说明了新的接口是如何让 :class:`pathlib.Path` 被更容易、更透明地用于已有代码的::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:444 +msgid "" +">>> import pathlib\n" +">>> with open(pathlib.Path(\"README\")) as f:\n" +"... contents = f.read()\n" +"...\n" +">>> import os.path\n" +">>> os.path.splitext(pathlib.Path(\"some_file.txt\"))\n" +"('some_file', '.txt')\n" +">>> os.path.join(\"/a/b\", pathlib.Path(\"c\"))\n" +"'/a/b/c'\n" +">>> import os\n" +">>> os.fspath(pathlib.Path(\"some_file.txt\"))\n" +"'some_file.txt'" +msgstr "" +">>> import pathlib\n" +">>> with open(pathlib.Path(\"README\")) as f:\n" +"... contents = f.read()\n" +"...\n" +">>> import os.path\n" +">>> os.path.splitext(pathlib.Path(\"some_file.txt\"))\n" +"('some_file', '.txt')\n" +">>> os.path.join(\"/a/b\", pathlib.Path(\"c\"))\n" +"'/a/b/c'\n" +">>> import os\n" +">>> os.fspath(pathlib.Path(\"some_file.txt\"))\n" +"'some_file.txt'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:457 +msgid "" +"(Implemented by Brett Cannon, Ethan Furman, Dusty Phillips, and Jelle " +"Zijlstra.)" +msgstr "（由 Brett Cannon, Ethan Furman, Dusty Phillips 和 Jelle Zijlstra 实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:461 +msgid ":pep:`519` -- Adding a file system path protocol" +msgstr ":pep:`519` -- 添加文件系统路径协议" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:462 +msgid "PEP written by Brett Cannon and Koos Zevenhoven." +msgstr "PEP 由 Brett Cannon 和 Koos Zevenhoven 撰写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:468 +msgid "PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguation" +msgstr "PEP 495: 消除本地时间的歧义" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:470 +msgid "" +"In most world locations, there have been and will be times when local clocks" +" are moved back. In those times, intervals are introduced in which local " +"clocks show the same time twice in the same day. In these situations, the " +"information displayed on a local clock (or stored in a Python datetime " +"instance) is insufficient to identify a particular moment in time." +msgstr "" +"在世界上大多数地方，过去和将来都会存在本地时钟后移的时候。 在这种时候，本地时钟会在同一天内两次显示相同的时间。 " +"对于这些情况，本地时钟所显示的（或存储在 Python datetime 实例中的）信息将不足以标识某个特定的时间点。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:476 +msgid "" +":pep:`495` adds the new *fold* attribute to instances of " +":class:`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.time` classes to " +"differentiate between two moments in time for which local times are the " +"same::" +msgstr "" +":pep:`495` 为 :class:`datetime.datetime` 和 :class:`datetime.time` 类的实例添加了新的 " +"*fold* 属性以在本地时间相同的两个时间点之间进行区分::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:480 +msgid "" +">>> u0 = datetime(2016, 11, 6, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... u = u0 + i*HOUR\n" +"... t = u.astimezone(Eastern)\n" +"... print(u.time(), 'UTC =', t.time(), t.tzname(), t.fold)\n" +"...\n" +"04:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"05:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST 1\n" +"07:00:00 UTC = 02:00:00 EST 0" +msgstr "" +">>> u0 = datetime(2016, 11, 6, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc)\n" +">>> for i in range(4):\n" +"... u = u0 + i*HOUR\n" +"... t = u.astimezone(Eastern)\n" +"... print(u.time(), 'UTC =', t.time(), t.tzname(), t.fold)\n" +"...\n" +"04:00:00 UTC = 00:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"05:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EDT 0\n" +"06:00:00 UTC = 01:00:00 EST 1\n" +"07:00:00 UTC = 02:00:00 EST 0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:491 +msgid "" +"The values of the :attr:`fold ` attribute have the " +"value ``0`` for all instances except those that represent the second " +"(chronologically) moment in time in an ambiguous case." +msgstr "" +":attr:`fold ` 属性的值在大多数实例上均为 " +"``0``，只有在代表存在歧义的时间的第二个（按发生顺序）实例上例外。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:497 +msgid ":pep:`495` -- Local Time Disambiguation" +msgstr ":pep:`495` -- 消除本地时间的歧义" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:498 +msgid "" +"PEP written by Alexander Belopolsky and Tim Peters, implementation by " +"Alexander Belopolsky." +msgstr "PEP 由 Alexander Belopolsky 和 Tim Peters 撰写，由 Alexander Belopolsky 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:505 +msgid "PEP 529: Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8" +msgstr "PEP 529: 将 Windows 文件系统编码格式更改为 UTF-8" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Representing filesystem paths is best performed with str (Unicode) rather " +"than bytes. However, there are some situations where using bytes is " +"sufficient and correct." +msgstr "在表示文件系统路径时最好是使用 str (Unicode) 而不是 bytes。 不过，在某些情况下使用 bytes 就是足够而且正确的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:511 +msgid "" +"Prior to Python 3.6, data loss could result when using bytes paths on " +"Windows. With this change, using bytes to represent paths is now supported " +"on Windows, provided those bytes are encoded with the encoding returned by " +":func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding`, which now defaults to ``'utf-8'``." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.6 之前，在 Windows 上使用字节串形式的路径可能会导致数据丢失。 通过这一更改，在 Windows " +"上现在已支持使用字节串来表示路径，前提是这些字节串使用 :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` " +"所返回的编码格式来编码，现在该值默认为 ``'utf-8'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:516 +msgid "" +"Applications that do not use str to represent paths should use " +":func:`os.fsencode` and :func:`os.fsdecode` to ensure their bytes are " +"correctly encoded. To revert to the previous behaviour, set " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` or call " +":func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`." +msgstr "" +"不使用字符串来表示路径的应用程序应用使用 :func:`os.fsencode` 和 :func:`os.fsdecode` 来确保字节串被正确地编码。" +" 要恢复到之前版本的行为，请设置 :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 或调用 " +":func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:522 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`529` for more information and discussion of code modifications " +"that may be required." +msgstr "有关详细信息和可能需要的代码修改的讨论，请参见 :pep:`529` 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:529 +msgid "PEP 528: Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8" +msgstr "PEP 528: 将 Windows 控制台编码格式更改为 UTF-8" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:531 +msgid "" +"The default console on Windows will now accept all Unicode characters and " +"provide correctly read str objects to Python code. ``sys.stdin``, " +"``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` now default to utf-8 encoding." +msgstr "" +"现在，Windows 上的默认控制台将接受所有 Unicode 字符并为 Python 代码提供正确读取的 str 对象。``sys.stdin``, " +"``sys.stdout`` 和 ``sys.stderr`` 现在默认使用 utf-8 编码格式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:535 +msgid "" +"This change only applies when using an interactive console, and not when " +"redirecting files or pipes. To revert to the previous behaviour for " +"interactive console use, set :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO`." +msgstr "" +"此更改仅在使用交互式控制台时适用，而不适用于重定向文件或管道。 要恢复以前使用交互式控制台时的行为，请设置 " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:541 +msgid ":pep:`528` -- Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8" +msgstr ":pep:`528` -- 将 Windows 控制台编码格式更改为 UTF-8" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:542 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steve Dower." +msgstr "PEP 由 Steve Dower 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:548 +msgid "PEP 520: Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order" +msgstr "PEP 520: 保留类属性定义顺序" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:550 +msgid "" +"Attributes in a class definition body have a natural ordering: the same " +"order in which the names appear in the source. This order is now preserved " +"in the new class's :attr:`~type.__dict__` attribute." +msgstr "" +"类定义体中的属性具有自然的排序：与名称在源代码中出现的顺序相同。 现在此排序会保留在新类的 :attr:`~type.__dict__` 属性中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:554 +msgid "" +"Also, the effective default class *execution* namespace (returned from " +":ref:`type.__prepare__() `) is now an insertion-order-preserving " +"mapping." +msgstr "" +"并且，实际的默认类 *execution* 命名空间 (从 :ref:`type.__prepare__() ` 返回) " +"现在将是一个保留插入顺序的映射对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:560 +msgid ":pep:`520` -- Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order" +msgstr ":pep:`520` -- 保留类属性定义顺序" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:561 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:575 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric Snow." +msgstr "PEP 由 Eric Snow 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:567 +msgid "PEP 468: Preserving Keyword Argument Order" +msgstr "PEP 468: 保留关键字参数顺序" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:569 +msgid "" +"``**kwargs`` in a function signature is now guaranteed to be an insertion-" +"order-preserving mapping." +msgstr "函数签名中的 ``**kwargs`` 现在将保证是一个保留插入顺序的映射对象。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:574 +msgid ":pep:`468` -- Preserving Keyword Argument Order" +msgstr ":pep:`468` -- 保留关键字参数顺序" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:581 +msgid "New :ref:`dict ` implementation" +msgstr "新的 :ref:`dict ` 实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:583 +msgid "" +"The :ref:`dict ` type now uses a \"compact\" representation " +"based on `a proposal by Raymond Hettinger " +"`_ " +"which was `first implemented by PyPy " +"`_. The memory usage of the new :func:`dict` is between 20% and " +"25% smaller compared to Python 3.5." +msgstr "" +":ref:`dict ` 类型现在会使用一种基于 `Raymond Hettinger 的提议 " +"`_ " +"的“紧凑”表示形式，该表示形式 `最初由 PyPy 实现 `_。 新的The memory usage of the new " +":func:`dict` 的内存占用相比 Python 3.5 减少了 20% 到 25%。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:591 +msgid "" +"The order-preserving aspect of this new implementation is considered an " +"implementation detail and should not be relied upon (this may change in the " +"future, but it is desired to have this new dict implementation in the " +"language for a few releases before changing the language spec to mandate " +"order-preserving semantics for all current and future Python " +"implementations; this also helps preserve backwards-compatibility with older" +" versions of the language where random iteration order is still in effect, " +"e.g. Python 3.5)." +msgstr "" +"这个新实现对原始顺序的保留被认为是一个实现细节而不应当被依赖（这在将来可能会改变，但我们希望在改变语言规范以强制所有当前和将来的 Python " +"实现都使用保留顺序的语义之前先在几个发布版的语言内部使用这个新的 dict 实现；这也有助于让仍在使用随机迭代顺序的旧版本语言例如 Python 3.5" +" 保持向下兼容性）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:600 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by INADA Naoki in :issue:`27350`. Idea `originally suggested by" +" Raymond Hettinger `_.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 INADA Naoki 在 :issue:`27350` 中贡献。 该特性 `最初由 Raymond Hettinger 提议 " +"`_。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:608 +msgid "PEP 523: Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython" +msgstr "PEP 523: 向 CPython 添加帧求值 API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:610 +msgid "" +"While Python provides extensive support to customize how code executes, one " +"place it has not done so is in the evaluation of frame objects. If you " +"wanted some way to intercept frame evaluation in Python there really wasn't " +"any way without directly manipulating function pointers for defined " +"functions." +msgstr "" +"虽然 Python 为自定义代码执行方式提供了广泛的支持，但有一个地方它没有这样做，那就是帧对象的求值。 如果您想在 Python " +"中拦截帧的求值，那么确实没有除了直接操纵自定义函数的函数指针以外的任何办法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:616 +msgid "" +":pep:`523` changes this by providing an API to make frame evaluation " +"pluggable at the C level. This will allow for tools such as debuggers and " +"JITs to intercept frame evaluation before the execution of Python code " +"begins. This enables the use of alternative evaluation implementations for " +"Python code, tracking frame evaluation, etc." +msgstr "" +":pep:`523` 通过提供使帧求值在 C 语言层级上可插入的 API 从而改变了这一状况。 这将允许调试器和 JIT 等工具在 Python " +"代码开始执行之前拦截帧求值。 这样就能允许 Python 代码使用替代性求值实现，跟踪帧求值等做法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:623 +msgid "" +"This API is not part of the limited C API and is marked as private to signal" +" that usage of this API is expected to be limited and only applicable to " +"very select, low-level use-cases. Semantics of the API will change with " +"Python as necessary." +msgstr "" +"这个 API 并不是受限 C API 的组成部分，它被标记为私有以表明该 API 的使用受到限制并且只适用于非常少的、低层级的用例。 这个 API " +"的语义将根据需要随 Python 的一起发生变化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:630 +msgid ":pep:`523` -- Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython" +msgstr ":pep:`523` -- 向 CPython 添加帧求值 API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:631 +msgid "PEP written by Brett Cannon and Dino Viehland." +msgstr "PEP 由 Brett Cannon 和 Dino Viehland 撰写。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:637 +msgid "PYTHONMALLOC environment variable" +msgstr "PYTHONMALLOC 环境变量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:639 +msgid "" +"The new :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable allows setting the " +"Python memory allocators and installing debug hooks." +msgstr "新的 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 环境变量允许设置 Python 内存分配器并安装调试钩子。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:642 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to install debug hooks on Python memory allocators on " +"Python compiled in release mode using ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``. Effects of " +"debug hooks:" +msgstr "" +"现在将可以使用 ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug`` 在以发布模式编译的 Python 上为 Python 内存分配器安装调试钩子。 " +"调试钩子的效果:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:645 +msgid "Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte ``0xCB``" +msgstr "新分配的内存中填充字节 ``0xCB``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:646 +msgid "Freed memory is filled with the byte ``0xDB``" +msgstr "释放的内存中填充了字节 ``0xDB``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:647 +msgid "" +"Detect violations of the Python memory allocator API. For example, " +":c:func:`PyObject_Free` called on a memory block allocated by " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`." +msgstr "" +"检测违反 Python 内存分配器 API 的操作。 例如，:c:func:`PyObject_Free` 在 " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 所分配的内存块上被调用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:650 +msgid "Detect writes before the start of a buffer (buffer underflows)" +msgstr "在缓冲区开始之前检测写操作（缓冲区下溢）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:651 +msgid "Detect writes after the end of a buffer (buffer overflows)" +msgstr "在缓冲区结束后检测写操作（缓冲区溢出）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:652 +msgid "" +"Check that the :term:`GIL ` is held when allocator " +"functions of :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) and" +" :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) domains are " +"called." +msgstr "" +"检测当调用 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (如: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) 和 " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (如: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) 域的分配器函数时是否持有 " +":term:`GIL `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:656 +msgid "Checking if the GIL is held is also a new feature of Python 3.6." +msgstr "检查是否保留了 GIL 也是Python 3.6 的新特性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:658 +msgid "" +"See the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function for debug hooks on Python " +"memory allocators." +msgstr "请参阅 :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 函数来了解 Python 内存分配器上的调试钩子。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:661 +msgid "" +"It is now also possible to force the usage of the :c:func:`malloc` allocator" +" of the C library for all Python memory allocations using " +"``PYTHONMALLOC=malloc``. This is helpful when using external memory " +"debuggers like Valgrind on a Python compiled in release mode." +msgstr "" +"现在还可以使用 ``PYTHONMALLOC=malloc`` 为所有的 Python 内存分配强制使用 C 库的 :c:func:`malloc` " +"分配器。 这在以发布模式编译的 Python 上使用外部内存调试器如 Valgrind 时会很有用处。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:666 +msgid "" +"On error, the debug hooks on Python memory allocators now use the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module to get the traceback where a memory block was " +"allocated." +msgstr "发生错误时，Python 内存分配器上的调试钩子现在会使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块来获取内存块被分配所在位置上的回溯。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:670 +msgid "" +"Example of fatal error on buffer overflow using ``python3.6 -X " +"tracemalloc=5`` (store 5 frames in traces)::" +msgstr "使用 ``python3.6 -X tracemalloc=5`` (在回溯中存储 5 帧) 的缓冲区溢出的致命错误示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:673 +msgid "" +"Debug memory block at address p=0x7fbcd41666f8: API 'o'\n" +" 4 bytes originally requested\n" +" The 7 pad bytes at p-7 are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n" +" The 8 pad bytes at tail=0x7fbcd41666fc are not all FORBIDDENBYTE (0xfb):\n" +" at tail+0: 0x02 *** OUCH\n" +" at tail+1: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+2: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+3: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+4: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+5: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+6: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+7: 0xfb\n" +" The block was made by call #1233329 to debug malloc/realloc.\n" +" Data at p: 1a 2b 30 00\n" +"\n" +"Memory block allocated at (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"test/test_bytes.py\", line 323\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 600\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 648\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 122\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 84\n" +"\n" +"Fatal Python error: bad trailing pad byte\n" +"\n" +"Current thread 0x00007fbcdbd32700 (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"test/test_bytes.py\", line 323 in test_hex\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 600 in run\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 648 in __call__\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 122 in run\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 84 in __call__\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 122 in run\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 84 in __call__\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"Debug memory block at address p=0x7fbcd41666f8: API 'o'\n" +" 4 bytes originally requested\n" +" The 7 pad bytes at p-7 are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n" +" The 8 pad bytes at tail=0x7fbcd41666fc are not all FORBIDDENBYTE (0xfb):\n" +" at tail+0: 0x02 *** OUCH\n" +" at tail+1: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+2: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+3: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+4: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+5: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+6: 0xfb\n" +" at tail+7: 0xfb\n" +" The block was made by call #1233329 to debug malloc/realloc.\n" +" Data at p: 1a 2b 30 00\n" +"\n" +"Memory block allocated at (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"test/test_bytes.py\", line 323\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 600\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 648\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 122\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 84\n" +"\n" +"Fatal Python error: bad trailing pad byte\n" +"\n" +"Current thread 0x00007fbcdbd32700 (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"test/test_bytes.py\", line 323 in test_hex\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 600 in run\n" +" File \"unittest/case.py\", line 648 in __call__\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 122 in run\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 84 in __call__\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 122 in run\n" +" File \"unittest/suite.py\", line 84 in __call__\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:707 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26516` and :issue:`26564`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`26516` 和 :issue:`26564` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:713 +msgid "DTrace and SystemTap probing support" +msgstr "DTrace 和 SystemTap 探测支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:715 +msgid "" +"Python can now be built ``--with-dtrace`` which enables static markers for " +"the following events in the interpreter:" +msgstr "Python 现在可以附带 ``--with-dtrace`` 来构建以便为解释器中的下列事件启用静态标记:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:718 +msgid "function call/return" +msgstr "函数调用/返回" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:720 +msgid "garbage collection started/finished" +msgstr "垃圾收集开始/完成" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:722 +msgid "line of code executed." +msgstr "执行的代码行。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:724 +msgid "" +"This can be used to instrument running interpreters in production, without " +"the need to recompile specific :ref:`debug builds ` or " +"providing application-specific profiling/debugging code." +msgstr "" +"这可被用来在生产环境中控制正在运行的解释器，而无需重新编译特定的 :ref:`调试版本 ` " +"或提供应用专属的性能分析/调试代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:728 +msgid "More details in :ref:`instrumentation`." +msgstr "更多信息，请参见 :ref:`instrumentation` 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:730 +msgid "" +"The current implementation is tested on Linux and macOS. Additional markers" +" may be added in the future." +msgstr "当前的实现已在 Linux 和 macOS 上进行了测试。将来可能会添加其他标记。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:733 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`21590`, based on patches by Jesús " +"Cea Avión, David Malcolm, and Nikhil Benesch.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Łukasz Langa 在 :issue:`21590` 中贡献，基于 Jesús Cea Avión, David Malcolm 和 " +"Nikhil Benesch 的补丁。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:738 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:740 +msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" +msgstr "对Python 语言核心进行的小改动：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:742 +msgid "" +"A ``global`` or ``nonlocal`` statement must now textually appear before the " +"first use of the affected name in the same scope. Previously this was a " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning`." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``global`` 或 ``nonlocal`` 语句必须以文本形式出现在同一作用域中首次使用受影响的名称之前。 在之前版本中这只是 " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:746 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to set a :ref:`special method ` to ``None``" +" to indicate that the corresponding operation is not available. For example," +" if a class sets :meth:`__iter__` to ``None``, the class is not iterable. " +"(Contributed by Andrew Barnert and Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`25958`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在可以将某个 :ref:`特殊方法 ` 设为 ``None`` 来表示相应操作不可用。 举例来说，如果某个类将 " +":meth:`__iter__` 设为 ``None``，则该类就将不可迭代。 （由 Andrew Barnert 和 Ivan Levkivskyi " +"在 :issue:`25958` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:752 +msgid "" +"Long sequences of repeated traceback lines are now abbreviated as " +"``\"[Previous line repeated {count} more times]\"`` (see " +":ref:`whatsnew36-traceback` for an example). (Contributed by Emanuel Barry " +"in :issue:`26823`.)" +msgstr "" +"由重复的回溯行组成的长序列现在将被简化为 ``\"[Previous line repeated {count} more times]\"`` " +"（请参阅 :ref:`whatsnew36-traceback` 获取样例）。 （由 Emanuel Barry 在 :issue:`26823` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:757 +msgid "" +"Import now raises the new exception :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` (subclass of " +":exc:`ImportError`) when it cannot find a module. Code that currently " +"checks for ImportError (in try-except) will still work. (Contributed by Eric" +" Snow in :issue:`15767`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在导入操作在无法找到模块时将引发新的异常 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` (:exc:`ImportError` 的子类)。 " +"目前 (在 try-except 中) 检测 ImportError 的代码仍将有效。 （由 Eric Snow 在 :issue:`15767` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:762 +msgid "" +"Class methods relying on zero-argument ``super()`` will now work correctly " +"when called from metaclass methods during class creation. (Contributed by " +"Martin Teichmann in :issue:`23722`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在依赖于零参数形式 ``super()`` 的类方法在类创建期间从元类方法调用时将正确地生效。 （由 Martin Teichmann 在 " +":issue:`23722` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:768 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:773 +msgid "secrets" +msgstr "secrets" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:775 +msgid "" +"The main purpose of the new :mod:`secrets` module is to provide an obvious " +"way to reliably generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random values " +"suitable for managing secrets, such as account authentication, tokens, and " +"similar." +msgstr "" +"新的 :mod:`secrets` 模块的主要目的是提供一种直观的方式来可靠地生成适用于密码管理的高加密强度的伪随机值，如账户验证、安全凭据等等。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:781 +msgid "" +"Note that the pseudo-random generators in the :mod:`random` module should " +"*NOT* be used for security purposes. Use :mod:`secrets` on Python 3.6+ and " +":func:`os.urandom` on Python 3.5 and earlier." +msgstr "" +"请注意 :mod:`random` 模块中的伪随机数发生器 *不应* 被用于安全目的。 请在 Python 3.6+ 上使用 " +":mod:`secrets` 而在 Python 3.5 及更早的版本上使用 :func:`os.urandom`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:787 +msgid ":pep:`506` -- Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard Library" +msgstr ":pep:`506` -- Secrets模块被加入Python标准库" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:788 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven D'Aprano." +msgstr "PEP 由 Steven D'Aprano 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:792 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:795 +msgid "array" +msgstr "array" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:797 +msgid "" +"Exhausted iterators of :class:`array.array` will now stay exhausted even if " +"the iterated array is extended. This is consistent with the behavior of " +"other mutable sequences." +msgstr "" +"现在已被耗尽的输出 :class:`array.array` 的迭代器将保持耗尽状态，即使迭代后的数组被扩展时也是如此。 " +"这将与其他可变序列的行为保持一致。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:801 +msgid "Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26492`." +msgstr "由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`26492` 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:804 +msgid "ast" +msgstr "ast" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:806 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`ast.Constant` AST node has been added. It can be used by " +"external AST optimizers for the purposes of constant folding." +msgstr "新增了 :class:`ast.Constant` AST 节点。 它可被外部 AST 优化器用于常量折叠操作。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:809 +msgid "Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26146`." +msgstr "由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`26146` 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:813 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:815 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.6 the ``asyncio`` module is no longer provisional and" +" its API is considered stable." +msgstr "从 Python 3.6 开始 ``asyncio`` 模块不再处于暂定状态，其 API 被认为已经稳定。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:818 +msgid "" +"Notable changes in the :mod:`asyncio` module since Python 3.5.0 (all " +"backported to 3.5.x due to the provisional status):" +msgstr "自 Python 3.5.0 以来 :mod:`asyncio` 模块中值得注意的变化（由于暂定状态所有变化都已反向移植到 3.5.x）:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:821 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` function has been changed to always " +"return the currently running loop when called from coroutines and callbacks." +" (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`28613`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` 函数已更改为当在例程和回调中被调用时始终返回当前正在运行的循环。（由 Yury " +"Selivanov 在 :issue:`28613` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:826 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~asyncio.ensure_future` function and all functions that use it, " +"such as :meth:`loop.run_until_complete() `," +" now accept all kinds of :term:`awaitable objects `. (Contributed" +" by Yury Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~asyncio.ensure_future` 函数以及所有用到它的函数，比如 " +":meth:`loop.run_until_complete() " +"`，现在将接受所有种类的 :term:`可等待对象 `。 （由 " +"Yury Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:831 +msgid "" +"New :func:`~asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` function to submit coroutines " +"to event loops from other threads. (Contributed by Vincent Michel.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` 函数用于从其他线程向事件循环提交协程。（由 Vincent " +"Michel 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:835 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`Transport.is_closing() ` method" +" to check if the transport is closing or closed. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`Transport.is_closing() ` " +"方法用于检查传输是否正在关闭或已经关闭。 （由 Yury Selivanov 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:839 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.create_server() ` method can now" +" accept a list of hosts. (Contributed by Yann Sionneau.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.create_server() ` 方法现在可以接受一个主机列表。 （由" +" Yann Sionneau 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:843 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`loop.create_future() ` method to " +"create Future objects. This allows alternative event loop implementations, " +"such as `uvloop `_, to provide a " +"faster :class:`asyncio.Future` implementation. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`27041`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`loop.create_future() ` 方法用来创建 Future " +"对象。 这允许替代性的事件循环实现，比如 `uvloop " +"`_，以提供更快速的 :class:`asyncio.Future` 实现。" +" （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`27041` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:850 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`loop.get_exception_handler() " +"` method to get the current exception " +"handler. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`27040`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`loop.get_exception_handler() `" +" 方法用于获取当前异常处理器。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`27040` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:854 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`StreamReader.readuntil() ` method" +" to read data from the stream until a separator bytes sequence appears. " +"(Contributed by Mark Korenberg.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`StreamReader.readuntil() ` " +"方法用于从流读取数据直到出现作为分隔符的字节序列。 （由 Mark Korenberg 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:859 +msgid "" +"The performance of :meth:`StreamReader.readexactly() " +"` has been improved. (Contributed by Mark " +"Korenberg in :issue:`28370`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`StreamReader.readexactly() ` " +"的性能已获得提升。 （由 Mark Korenberg 在 :issue:`28370` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:863 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.getaddrinfo() ` method is " +"optimized to avoid calling the system ``getaddrinfo`` function if the " +"address is already resolved. (Contributed by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.getaddrinfo() ` 方法已获得优化已避免当地址已被解析时调用系统" +" ``getaddrinfo`` 函数。 （由 A. Jesse Jiryu Davis 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:868 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.stop() ` method has been changed to stop " +"the loop immediately after the current iteration. Any new callbacks " +"scheduled as a result of the last iteration will be discarded. (Contributed " +"by Guido van Rossum in :issue:`25593`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.stop() ` 方法已被更改为在当前迭代之后立即停止循环。 " +"任何作为上次迭代的结果被加入计划任务的新回调都将被丢弃。 （由 Guido van Rossum 在 :issue:`25593` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:874 +msgid "" +":meth:`Future.set_exception ` will now" +" raise :exc:`TypeError` when passed an instance of the :exc:`StopIteration` " +"exception. (Contributed by Chris Angelico in :issue:`26221`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`Future.set_exception ` 在传入一个" +" :exc:`StopIteration` 异常的实例时将引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 （由 Chris Angelico 在 " +":issue:`26221` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:879 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket() " +"` method to be used by servers that " +"accept connections outside of asyncio, but that use asyncio to handle them. " +"(Contributed by Jim Fulton in :issue:`27392`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`loop.connect_accepted_socket() " +"` 方法供接受 asyncio 以外的连接，但使用 asyncio " +"来处理它们的服务器使用。 （由 Jim Fulton 在 :issue:`27392` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:884 +msgid "" +"``TCP_NODELAY`` flag is now set for all TCP transports by default. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`27456`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``TCP_NODELAY`` 旗标将默认针对所有 TCP 传输进行设置。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`27456` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:887 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`loop.shutdown_asyncgens() ` to " +"properly close pending asynchronous generators before closing the loop. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`28003`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`loop.shutdown_asyncgens() ` " +"用来在结束循环之前正确地关闭现有的异步生成器。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`28003` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:892 +msgid "" +":class:`Future ` and :class:`Task ` classes " +"now have an optimized C implementation which makes asyncio code up to 30% " +"faster. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov and INADA Naoki in :issue:`26081` and" +" :issue:`28544`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`Future ` 和 :class:`Task ` 类现在已有经优化过的 C" +" 实现使得 asyncio 代码加速至多 30%。 （由 Yury Selivanov 和 INADA Naoki 在 :issue:`26081` 和" +" :issue:`28544` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:900 +msgid "binascii" +msgstr "binascii" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:902 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~binascii.b2a_base64` function now accepts an optional *newline* " +"keyword argument to control whether the newline character is appended to the" +" return value. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`25357`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~binascii.b2a_base64` 函数现在接受可选的 *newline* 关键字参数用来控制是否要在返回值中添加换行符。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`25357` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:909 +msgid "cmath" +msgstr "cmath" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:911 +msgid "" +"The new :const:`cmath.tau` (*τ*) constant has been added. (Contributed by " +"Lisa Roach in :issue:`12345`, see :pep:`628` for details.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :const:`cmath.tau` (*τ*) 常量。 （由 Lisa Roach 在 :issue:`12345` 中贡献，详情见 " +":pep:`628`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:914 +msgid "" +"New constants: :const:`cmath.inf` and :const:`cmath.nan` to match " +":const:`math.inf` and :const:`math.nan`, and also :const:`cmath.infj` and " +":const:`cmath.nanj` to match the format used by complex repr. (Contributed " +"by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`23229`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增常量: :const:`cmath.inf` 和 :const:`cmath.nan` 用于匹配 :const:`math.inf` 和 " +":const:`math.nan`，以及 :const:`cmath.infj` 和 :const:`cmath.nanj` 用于匹配由 complex" +" 的 repr 所使用的格式。 （由 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`23229` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:921 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:923 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~collections.abc.Collection` abstract base class has been " +"added to represent sized iterable container classes. (Contributed by Ivan " +"Levkivskyi, docs by Neil Girdhar in :issue:`27598`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :class:`~collections.abc.Collection` 抽象基类用于表示有具体大小的可迭代容器类。 （由 Ivan " +"Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`27598` 中贡献并由 Neil Girdhar 撰写文档。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:927 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~collections.abc.Reversible` abstract base class represents " +"iterable classes that also provide the :meth:`__reversed__` method. " +"(Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`25987`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :class:`~collections.abc.Reversible` 抽象基类用于表示同时提供 :meth:`__reversed__`" +" 方法的可迭代类。 （由 Ivan Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`25987` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:931 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` abstract base class " +"represents asynchronous generators. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`28720`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增代表异步生成器的 :class:`~collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` 抽象基类。 （由 Yury Selivanov " +"在 :issue:`28720` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:935 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~collections.namedtuple` function now accepts an optional keyword" +" argument *module*, which, when specified, is used for the " +":attr:`~type.__module__` attribute of the returned named tuple class. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`17941`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~collections.namedtuple` 函数接受可选的关键字参数 " +"*module*，当指定该参数时，它将被用作所返回的具名元组类的 :attr:`~type.__module__` 属性。 （由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 在 :issue:`17941` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:940 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2295 +msgid "" +"The *verbose* and *rename* arguments for :func:`~collections.namedtuple` are" +" now keyword-only. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`25628`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~collections.namedtuple` 的 *verbose* 和 *rename* 参数现在是仅限关键字参数。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`25628` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:944 +msgid "" +"Recursive :class:`collections.deque` instances can now be pickled. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26482`.)" +msgstr "" +"递归的 :class:`collections.deque` 实例现在可以被 pickle。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`26482` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:949 +msgid "concurrent.futures" +msgstr "concurrent.futures" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:951 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ThreadPoolExecutor ` " +"class constructor now accepts an optional *thread_name_prefix* argument to " +"make it possible to customize the names of the threads created by the pool. " +"(Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`27664`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor ` " +"类构造器现在接受可选的 *thread_name_prefix* 参数以便能够自定义由线程池所创建的线程的名称。 （由 Gregory P. Smith" +" 在 :issue:`27664` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:959 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:961 +msgid "" +"The :class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` class has been added to " +"provide an abstract base class for context managers. It provides a sensible" +" default implementation for ``__enter__()`` which returns ``self`` and " +"leaves ``__exit__()`` an abstract method. A matching class has been added " +"to the :mod:`typing` module as :class:`typing.ContextManager`. (Contributed " +"by Brett Cannon in :issue:`25609`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` 类用来提供上下文管理器的抽象基类。 它为 " +"``__enter__()`` 提供了一个合理的默认实现，该实现将返回 ``self`` 并将 ``__exit__()`` 设为抽象方法。 在 " +":mod:`typing` 中增加了对应的类 :class:`typing.ContextManager`。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`25609` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:971 +msgid "datetime" +msgstr "datetime" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:973 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~datetime.datetime` and :class:`~datetime.time` classes have the" +" new :attr:`~time.fold` attribute used to disambiguate local time when " +"necessary. Many functions in the :mod:`datetime` have been updated to " +"support local time disambiguation. See :ref:`Local Time Disambiguation " +"` section for more information. (Contributed by Alexander" +" Belopolsky in :issue:`24773`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~datetime.datetime` 和 :class:`~datetime.time` 类新增了 " +":attr:`~time.fold` 属性用来在必要时消除本地时间的歧义。 在 :mod:`datetime` " +"中的许多函数已被更新为支持本地时间的消除歧义。 请参阅 :ref:`本地时间消歧义 ` 一节了解更多信息。 （由 " +"Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:`24773` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:981 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`datetime.strftime() ` and " +":meth:`date.strftime() ` methods now support ISO " +"8601 date directives ``%G``, ``%u`` and ``%V``. (Contributed by Ashley " +"Anderson in :issue:`12006`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`datetime.strftime() ` 和 " +":meth:`date.strftime() ` 方法将支持 ISO 8601 日期指令符 " +"``%G``, ``%u`` 和 ``%V``。 （由 Ashley Anderson 在 :issue:`12006` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:986 +msgid "" +"The :func:`datetime.isoformat() ` function now " +"accepts an optional *timespec* argument that specifies the number of " +"additional components of the time value to include. (Contributed by " +"Alessandro Cucci and Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`19475`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`datetime.isoformat() ` 函数现在接受可选的 " +"*timespec* 参数用来指定时间值要包括的额外组件数量。 （由 Alessandro Cucci 和 Alexander Belopolsky 在" +" :issue:`19475` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:991 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`datetime.combine() ` now accepts an " +"optional *tzinfo* argument. (Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky in " +":issue:`27661`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`datetime.combine() ` 现在接受可选的 *tzinfo* 参数。 " +"（由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 :issue:`27661` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:997 +msgid "decimal" +msgstr "decimal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:999 +msgid "" +"New :meth:`Decimal.as_integer_ratio() ` " +"method that returns a pair ``(n, d)`` of integers that represent the given " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` instance as a fraction, in lowest terms and with a" +" positive denominator::" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`Decimal.as_integer_ratio() ` " +"方法，它返回一对整数 ``(n, d)`` 将给定的 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 实例表示为一个最简形式且分母为正值的分数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1004 +msgid "" +">>> Decimal('-3.14').as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(-157, 50)" +msgstr "" +">>> Decimal('-3.14').as_integer_ratio()\n" +"(-157, 50)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1007 +msgid "(Contributed by Stefan Krah amd Mark Dickinson in :issue:`25928`.)" +msgstr "（由 Stefan Krah 和 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`25928` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1012 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1990 +msgid "distutils" +msgstr "distutils" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"The ``default_format`` attribute has been removed from " +"``distutils.command.sdist.sdist`` and the ``formats`` attribute defaults to " +"``['gztar']``. Although not anticipated, any code relying on the presence of" +" ``default_format`` may need to be adapted. See :issue:`27819` for more " +"details." +msgstr "" +"``distutils.command.sdist.sdist`` 的 ``default_format`` 属性已被移除且 ``formats`` " +"属性默认为 ``['gztar']``。 虽然不作要求，但任何依赖于 ``default_format`` 的存在的代码都可能需要修改。 请参阅 " +":issue:`27819` 了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1022 +msgid "email" +msgstr "email" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"The new email API, enabled via the *policy* keyword to various constructors," +" is no longer provisional. The :mod:`email` documentation has been " +"reorganized and rewritten to focus on the new API, while retaining the old " +"documentation for the legacy API. (Contributed by R. David Murray in " +":issue:`24277`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过多个构造器的 *policy* 关键字来启用的新 email API 已不再为暂定状态。 :mod:`email` " +"文档已被重新组织并重新撰写以聚集新 API，同时保留旧式 API 的原有文档。 （由 R. David Murray 在 :issue:`24277` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`email.mime` classes now all accept an optional *policy* keyword. " +"(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`27331`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`email.mime` 中的类现在都接受可选的 *policy* 关键字参数。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 " +":issue:`27331` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1032 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~email.generator.DecodedGenerator` now supports the *policy* " +"keyword." +msgstr ":class:`~email.generator.DecodedGenerator` 现在支持 *policy* 关键字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1035 +msgid "" +"There is a new :mod:`~email.policy` attribute, " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.message_factory`, that controls what class is " +"used by default when the parser creates new message objects. For the " +":attr:`email.policy.compat32` policy this is " +":class:`~email.message.Message`, for the new policies it is " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`. (Contributed by R. David Murray in " +":issue:`20476`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :mod:`~email.policy` 属性，:attr:`~email.policy.Policy.message_factory` " +"控制当解析器新建消息对象时默认要使用的类。 对于 :attr:`email.policy.compat32` 策略来说将为 " +":class:`~email.message.Message`，对于新策略来说将为 " +":class:`~email.message.EmailMessage`。 （由 R. David Murray 在 :issue:`20476` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1044 +msgid "encodings" +msgstr "encodings" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"On Windows, added the ``'oem'`` encoding to use ``CP_OEMCP``, and the " +"``'ansi'`` alias for the existing ``'mbcs'`` encoding, which uses the " +"``CP_ACP`` code page. (Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`27959`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，增加了 ``'oem'`` 编码格式用于 ``CP_OEMCP``，以及 ``'ansi'`` 别名用于现有的 " +"``'mbcs'`` 编码格式，它使用 ``CP_ACP`` 代码页。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :issue:`27959` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1052 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1054 +msgid "" +"Two new enumeration base classes have been added to the :mod:`enum` module: " +":class:`~enum.Flag` and :class:`~enum.IntFlags`. Both are used to define " +"constants that can be combined using the bitwise operators. (Contributed by " +"Ethan Furman in :issue:`23591`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`enum` 模块中新增了两个枚举基类: :class:`~enum.Flag` 和 :class:`~enum.IntFlags`。 " +"两者均被用于定义可使用按位运算符进行组合的常量。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 :issue:`23591` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"Many standard library modules have been updated to use the " +":class:`~enum.IntFlags` class for their constants." +msgstr "许多标准库模块已被更新以使用 :class:`~enum.IntFlags` 类作为其常量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1062 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`enum.auto` value can be used to assign values to enum " +"members automatically::" +msgstr "新增的 :class:`enum.auto` 值可被用于自动为枚举成员赋值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1065 +msgid "" +">>> from enum import Enum, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... red = auto()\n" +"... blue = auto()\n" +"... green = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> list(Color)\n" +"[, , ]" +msgstr "" +">>> from enum import Enum, auto\n" +">>> class Color(Enum):\n" +"... red = auto()\n" +"... blue = auto()\n" +"... green = auto()\n" +"...\n" +">>> list(Color)\n" +"[, , ]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1076 +msgid "faulthandler" +msgstr "faulthandler" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1078 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the :mod:`faulthandler` module now installs a handler for " +"Windows exceptions: see :func:`faulthandler.enable`. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`23848`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:mod:`faulthandler` 模块现在会为 Windows 异常安装处理器：参见 " +":func:`faulthandler.enable`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`23848` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1084 +msgid "fileinput" +msgstr "fileinput" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1086 +msgid "" +":func:`~fileinput.hook_encoded` now supports the *errors* argument. " +"(Contributed by Joseph Hackman in :issue:`25788`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~fileinput.hook_encoded` 现在支持 *errors* 参数。 （由 Joseph Hackman 在 " +":issue:`25788` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1091 +msgid "hashlib" +msgstr "hashlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1093 +msgid "" +":mod:`hashlib` supports OpenSSL 1.1.0. The minimum recommend version is " +"1.0.2. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`26470`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`hashlib` 已支持 OpenSSL 1.1.0。 最低的建议版本为 1.0.2。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`26470` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1096 +msgid "" +"BLAKE2 hash functions were added to the module. :func:`~hashlib.blake2b` and" +" :func:`~hashlib.blake2s` are always available and support the full feature " +"set of BLAKE2. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`26798` based on " +"code by Dmitry Chestnykh and Samuel Neves. Documentation written by Dmitry " +"Chestnykh.)" +msgstr "" +"本模块增加了 BLAKE2 哈希函数。 :func:`~hashlib.blake2b` 和 :func:`~hashlib.blake2s` " +"将始终可用并支持 BLAKE2 的完整特性集。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`26798` 中基于 Dmitry " +"Chestnykh 和 Samuel Neves 的代码贡献。 文档由 Dmitry Chestnykh 撰写。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1102 +msgid "" +"The SHA-3 hash functions :func:`~hashlib.sha3_224`, " +":func:`~hashlib.sha3_256`, :func:`~hashlib.sha3_384`, " +":func:`~hashlib.sha3_512`, and SHAKE hash functions " +":func:`~hashlib.shake_128` and :func:`~hashlib.shake_256` were added. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16113`. Keccak Code Package by " +"Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, Gilles Van Assche, and Ronny " +"Van Keer.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 SHA-3 哈希函数 :func:`~hashlib.sha3_224`, :func:`~hashlib.sha3_256`, " +":func:`~hashlib.sha3_384`, :func:`~hashlib.sha3_512`，以及 SHAKE 哈希函数 " +":func:`~hashlib.shake_128` 和 :func:`~hashlib.shake_256`。 （由 Christian Heimes" +" 在 :issue:`16113` 中贡献。 Keccak 代码包由 Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël " +"Peeters, Gilles Van Assche 和 Ronny Van Keer 编写。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"The password-based key derivation function :func:`~hashlib.scrypt` is now " +"available with OpenSSL 1.1.0 and newer. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`27928`.)" +msgstr "" +"基于密码的密钥推导函数 :func:`~hashlib.scrypt` 现可用于 OpenSSL 1.1.0 及更新版本。 （由 Christian " +"Heimes 在 :issue:`27928` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1114 +msgid "http.client" +msgstr "http.client" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1116 +msgid "" +":meth:`HTTPConnection.request() ` and " +":meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.endheaders` both now support chunked " +"encoding request bodies. (Contributed by Demian Brecht and Rolf Krahl in " +":issue:`12319`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`HTTPConnection.request() ` 和 " +":meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.endheaders` 现在都支持分块编码格式请求体。 （由 Demian " +"Brecht 和 Rolf Krahl 在 :issue:`12319` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1123 +msgid "idlelib and IDLE" +msgstr "idlelib 与 IDLE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1125 +msgid "" +"The idlelib package is being modernized and refactored to make IDLE look and" +" work better and to make the code easier to understand, test, and improve. " +"Part of making IDLE look better, especially on Linux and Mac, is using ttk " +"widgets, mostly in the dialogs. As a result, IDLE no longer runs with " +"tcl/tk 8.4. It now requires tcl/tk 8.5 or 8.6. We recommend running the " +"latest release of either." +msgstr "" +"对 idlelib 包执行现代化和重构以使 IDLE 的外观和功能更好并使代码更易于理解、测试和改进。 让 IDLE 外观更好的部分工作，尤其是在 " +"Linux 和 Mac 上，在于使用了 ttk 部件，主要是在对话框中。 因此，IDLE 不再使用 tcl/tk 8.4。 现在它需要 tcl/tk " +"8.5 或 8.6。 我们建议运行这两个软件的最新发布版。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1132 +msgid "" +"'Modernizing' includes renaming and consolidation of idlelib modules. The " +"renaming of files with partial uppercase names is similar to the renaming " +"of, for instance, Tkinter and TkFont to tkinter and tkinter.font in 3.0. As" +" a result, imports of idlelib files that worked in 3.5 will usually not work" +" in 3.6. At least a module name change will be needed (see " +"idlelib/README.txt), sometimes more. (Name changes contributed by Al " +"Swiegart and Terry Reedy in :issue:`24225`. Most idlelib patches since have" +" been and will be part of the process.)" +msgstr "" +"‘现代化’包括 idlelib 模块的重命名与合并。 对具有部分大写名称的文件的重命名类似于 3.0 中将 Tkinter 和 TkFont 重命名为 " +"tkinter 和 tkinter.font。 因此，在 3.5 中可用的 idlelib 文件导入在 3.6 中通常将不再可用。 " +"至少需要修改模块名称（参见 idlelib/README.txt），有时还需要更多修改。 （名称更改由 Al Swiegart 和 Terry " +"Reedy 在 :issue:`24225` 中贡献。 大多数 idlelib 补丁都是已经是或即将纳入该处理过程。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1141 +msgid "" +"In compensation, the eventual result with be that some idlelib classes will " +"be easier to use, with better APIs and docstrings explaining them. " +"Additional useful information will be added to idlelib when available." +msgstr "" +"作为补偿，最终的结果是一些 idlelib 类将更会易于使用，并有更好的 API 和文档字符串加以说明。 附加的有用信息准备好后将被添加到 " +"idlelib 中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1145 +msgid "New in 3.6.2:" +msgstr "在 3.6.2 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1147 +msgid "" +"Multiple fixes for autocompletion. (Contributed by Louie Lu in " +":issue:`15786`.)" +msgstr "多个对自动补全的修正。 （由 Louie Lu 在 :issue:`15786` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1149 +msgid "New in 3.6.3:" +msgstr "在 3.6.3 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"Module Browser (on the File menu, formerly called Class Browser), now " +"displays nested functions and classes in addition to top-level functions and" +" classes. (Contributed by Guilherme Polo, Cheryl Sabella, and Terry Jan " +"Reedy in :issue:`1612262`.)" +msgstr "" +"Module Browser (在 File 菜单中，之前称为 Class Browser) 现在会在最高层级函数和类之外显示嵌套的函数和类。 （由 " +"Guilherme Polo, Cheryl Sabella 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`1612262` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1157 +msgid "" +"The IDLE features formerly implemented as extensions have been reimplemented" +" as normal features. Their settings have been moved from the Extensions tab" +" to other dialog tabs. (Contributed by Charles Wohlganger and Terry Jan " +"Reedy in :issue:`27099`.)" +msgstr "" +"之前以扩展形式实现的 IDLE 特性已作为正常特性重新实现。 它们的设置已从 Extensions 选项卡移至其他对话框选项卡。 （由 Charles " +"Wohlganger 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`27099` 中实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1162 +msgid "" +"The Settings dialog (Options, Configure IDLE) has been partly rewritten to " +"improve both appearance and function. (Contributed by Cheryl Sabella and " +"Terry Jan Reedy in multiple issues.)" +msgstr "" +"Settings 对话框 (Options 中的 Configure IDLE) 已经被部分重写以改进外观和功能。 （由 Cheryl Sabella " +"和 Terry Jan Reedy 在多个问题项中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1166 +msgid "New in 3.6.4:" +msgstr "在 3.6.4 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"The font sample now includes a selection of non-Latin characters so that " +"users can better see the effect of selecting a particular font. (Contributed" +" by Terry Jan Reedy in :issue:`13802`.) The sample can be edited to include " +"other characters. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`31860`.)" +msgstr "" +"字体样本现在包括一组非拉丁字符以便用户能更好地查看所选特定字体的效果。 （由 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`13802` " +"中贡献。） 样本可以被修改以包括其他字符。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`31860` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1174 +msgid "New in 3.6.6:" +msgstr "在 3.6.6 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1176 +msgid "" +"Editor code context option revised. Box displays all context lines up to " +"maxlines. Clicking on a context line jumps the editor to that line. " +"Context colors for custom themes is added to Highlights tab of Settings " +"dialog. (Contributed by Cheryl Sabella and Terry Jan Reedy in " +":issue:`33642`, :issue:`33768`, and :issue:`33679`.)" +msgstr "" +"编辑器代码上下文选项已经过修改。 Box 会显示所有上下文行直到最大行数。 点击一个上下文行会使编辑器跳转到该行。 自定义主题的上下文颜色已添加到 " +"Settings 对话框的 Highlights 选项卡。 （由 Cheryl Sabella 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 " +":issue:`33642`, :issue:`33768` 和 :issue:`33679` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1182 +msgid "" +"On Windows, a new API call tells Windows that tk scales for DPI. On Windows " +"8.1+ or 10, with DPI compatibility properties of the Python binary " +"unchanged, and a monitor resolution greater than 96 DPI, this should make " +"text and lines sharper. It should otherwise have no effect. (Contributed by" +" Terry Jan Reedy in :issue:`33656`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，会有新的 API 调用将 tk 对 DPI 的调整告知 Windows。 在 Windows 8.1+ 或 10 上，如果 " +"Python 二进制码的 DPI 兼容属性未改变，并且监视器分辨率大于 96 DPI，这应该会令文本和线条更清晰。 否则的话它应该不造成影响。 （由 " +"Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`33656` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1188 +msgid "New in 3.6.7:" +msgstr "在 3.6.7 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1190 +msgid "" +"Output over N lines (50 by default) is squeezed down to a button. N can be " +"changed in the PyShell section of the General page of the Settings dialog. " +"Fewer, but possibly extra long, lines can be squeezed by right clicking on " +"the output. Squeezed output can be expanded in place by double-clicking the" +" button or into the clipboard or a separate window by right-clicking the " +"button. (Contributed by Tal Einat in :issue:`1529353`.)" +msgstr "" +"超过 N 行（默认值为 50）的输出将被折叠为一个按钮。 N 可以在 Settings 对话框的 General 页的 PyShell 部分中进行修改。" +" 数量较少但是超长的行可以通过在输出上右击来折叠。 被折叠的输出可通过双击按钮来展开，或是通过右击按钮来放入剪贴板或是单独的窗口。 （由 Tal " +"Einat 在 :issue:`1529353` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1199 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2007 +msgid "importlib" +msgstr "importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1201 +msgid "" +"Import now raises the new exception :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` (subclass of " +":exc:`ImportError`) when it cannot find a module. Code that current checks " +"for ``ImportError`` (in try-except) will still work. (Contributed by Eric " +"Snow in :issue:`15767`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在导入操作在无法找到模块时将引发新的异常 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` (:exc:`ImportError` 的子类)。 " +"目前 (在 try-except 中) 检测 ``ImportError`` 的代码仍将有效。 （由 Eric Snow 在 " +":issue:`15767` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1206 +msgid "" +":class:`importlib.util.LazyLoader` now calls " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` on the wrapped loader, removing " +"the restriction that :class:`importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter` and " +":class:`importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader` couldn't be used with " +":class:`importlib.util.LazyLoader`." +msgstr "" +":class:`importlib.util.LazyLoader` 现在将调用被包装的加载器上的 " +":meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module`，移除了 " +":class:`importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter` 和 " +":class:`importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader` 不能用于 " +":class:`importlib.util.LazyLoader` 的限制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1212 +msgid "" +":func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source`, " +":func:`importlib.util.source_from_cache`, and " +":func:`importlib.util.spec_from_file_location` now accept a :term:`path-like" +" object`." +msgstr "" +":func:`importlib.util.cache_from_source`, " +":func:`importlib.util.source_from_cache` 和 " +":func:`importlib.util.spec_from_file_location` 现在将接受 :term:`path-like " +"object`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1219 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1221 +msgid "" +"The :func:`inspect.signature() ` function now reports the" +" implicit ``.0`` parameters generated by the compiler for comprehension and " +"generator expression scopes as if they were positional-only parameters " +"called ``implicit0``. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :issue:`19611`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`inspect.signature() ` " +"函数现在会报告编译器为推导式和生成器表达式作用域生成的隐式 ``.0`` 形参，就像它们是调用``implicit0`` 时的仅限位置形参一样。 （由 " +"Jelle Zijlstra 在 :issue:`19611` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1226 +msgid "" +"To reduce code churn when upgrading from Python 2.7 and the legacy " +":func:`inspect.getargspec` API, the previously documented deprecation of " +":func:`inspect.getfullargspec` has been reversed. While this function is " +"convenient for single/source Python 2/3 code bases, the richer " +":func:`inspect.signature` interface remains the recommended approach for new" +" code. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`27172`)" +msgstr "" +"为了减少从 Python 2.7 和旧式 :func:`inspect.getargspec` API 升级时的代码问题，先前被写入文档的对 " +":func:`inspect.getfullargspec` 的弃用已被撤销。 虽然这个函数对于单/源 Python 2/3 " +"代码库来说很方便，但对于新代码来说功能更丰富的 :func:`inspect.signature` 接口仍然是推荐的方式。 （由 Nick " +"Coghlan 在 :issue:`27172` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1235 +msgid "json" +msgstr "json" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1237 +msgid "" +":func:`json.load` and :func:`json.loads` now support binary input. Encoded " +"JSON should be represented using either UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`17909`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`json.load` 和 :func:`json.loads` 均支持二进制输入。 已编码的 JSON 应当使用 UTF-8, " +"UTF-16 或 UTF-32 来表示。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`17909` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1243 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1245 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`WatchedFileHandler.reopenIfNeeded() " +"` method has been added " +"to add the ability to check if the log file needs to be reopened. " +"(Contributed by Marian Horban in :issue:`24884`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :meth:`WatchedFileHandler.reopenIfNeeded() " +"` " +"方法以添加检测日志文件是否需要被重新打开的能力。 （由 Marian Horban 在 :issue:`24884` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1252 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1254 +msgid "" +"The tau (*τ*) constant has been added to the :mod:`math` and :mod:`cmath` " +"modules. (Contributed by Lisa Roach in :issue:`12345`, see :pep:`628` for " +"details.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :mod:`math` 和 :mod:`cmath` 模块增加了 tau (*τ*) 常量。 （由 Lisa Roach 在 " +":issue:`12345` 中贡献，详情见 :pep:`628`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1260 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1262 +msgid "" +":ref:`Proxy Objects ` returned by " +":func:`multiprocessing.Manager` can now be nested. (Contributed by Davin " +"Potts in :issue:`6766`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`multiprocessing.Manager` 返回的 :ref:`代理对象 ` 现在可以被嵌套。 （由 Davin Potts 在 :issue:`6766` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1268 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2021 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1270 +msgid "" +"See the summary of :ref:`PEP 519 ` for details on how the" +" :mod:`os` and :mod:`os.path` modules now support :term:`path-like objects " +"`." +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :ref:`PEP 519 ` 的概览了解现在 :mod:`os` 和 :mod:`os.path` " +"模块如何支持 :term:`路径型对象 ` 的详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1274 +msgid ":func:`~os.scandir` now supports :class:`bytes` paths on Windows." +msgstr "现在 :func:`~os.scandir` 支持 Windows 上的 :class:`bytes` 路径。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1276 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`~os.scandir.close` method allows explicitly closing a " +":func:`~os.scandir` iterator. The :func:`~os.scandir` iterator now supports" +" the :term:`context manager` protocol. If a :func:`scandir` iterator is " +"neither exhausted nor explicitly closed a :exc:`ResourceWarning` will be " +"emitted in its destructor. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`25994`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`~os.scandir.close` 方法允许显式地关闭 :func:`~os.scandir` 迭代器。 " +":func:`~os.scandir` 迭代器现在支持 :term:`context manager` 协议。 如果一个 :func:`scandir`" +" 迭代器既没有被耗尽也没有被显式地关闭则会在其析构器中发出 :exc:`ResourceWarning`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`25994` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1286 +msgid "" +"The Linux ``getrandom()`` syscall (get random bytes) is now exposed as the " +"new :func:`os.getrandom` function. (Contributed by Victor Stinner, part of " +"the :pep:`524`)" +msgstr "" +"Linux ``getrandom()`` 系统调用（获取随机字节数据）现在被暴露为新的 :func:`os.getrandom` 函数。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 贡献，为 :pep:`524` 的一部分）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1292 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1294 +msgid "" +":mod:`pathlib` now supports :term:`path-like objects `. " +"(Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`27186`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pathlib` 现在支持 :term:`路径型对象 `。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`27186` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1297 +msgid "See the summary of :ref:`PEP 519 ` for details." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`PEP 519 ` 的概览了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1301 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1303 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~pdb.Pdb` class constructor has a new optional *readrc* argument" +" to control whether ``.pdbrc`` files should be read." +msgstr ":class:`~pdb.Pdb` 类构造器新增可选的 *readrc* 参数用来控制是否应当读取 ``.pdbrc`` 文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1308 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1310 +msgid "" +"Objects that need ``__new__`` called with keyword arguments can now be " +"pickled using :ref:`pickle protocols ` older than protocol" +" version 4. Protocol version 4 already supports this case. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`24164`.)" +msgstr "" +"需要附带关键字参数调用 ``__new__`` 的对象现在可以使用早于协议版本 4 的 :ref:`pickle 协议 ` 来 pickle。 协议版本 4 之前已支持此场景。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`24164` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1317 +msgid "pickletools" +msgstr "pickletools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1319 +msgid "" +":func:`pickletools.dis` now outputs the implicit memo index for the " +"``MEMOIZE`` opcode. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25382`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`pickletools.dis` 将为 ``MEMOIZE`` 操作码输出隐式的 memo 索引。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`25382` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1325 +msgid "pydoc" +msgstr "pydoc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pydoc` module has learned to respect the ``MANPAGER`` environment " +"variable. (Contributed by Matthias Klose in :issue:`8637`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pydoc` 模块将能遵守 ``MANPAGER`` 环境变量的设置。 （由 Matthias Klose 在 :issue:`8637` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1331 +msgid "" +":func:`help` and :mod:`pydoc` can now list named tuple fields in the order " +"they were defined rather than alphabetically. (Contributed by Raymond " +"Hettinger in :issue:`24879`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`help` 和 :mod:`pydoc` 现在将以具名元组字段被定义的顺序而非字母顺序列出它们。 （由 Raymond Hettinger" +" 在 :issue:`24879` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1337 +msgid "random" +msgstr "random" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~random.choices` function returns a list of elements of " +"specified size from the given population with optional weights. (Contributed" +" by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`18844`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~random.choices` 函数用于从给定的总体中返回指定大小的元素列表并有可选权重。 （由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 在 :issue:`18844` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1345 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2029 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1347 +msgid "" +"Added support of modifier spans in regular expressions. Examples: " +"``'(?i:p)ython'`` matches ``'python'`` and ``'Python'``, but not " +"``'PYTHON'``; ``'(?i)g(?-i:v)r'`` matches ``'GvR'`` and ``'gvr'``, but not " +"``'GVR'``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`433028`.)" +msgstr "" +"在正则表达式中增加了对修饰符区段的支持。 示例: ``'(?i:p)ython'`` 匹配 ``'python'`` 和 " +"``'Python'``，但不匹配 ``'PYTHON'``；``'(?i)g(?-i:v)r'`` 匹配 ``'GvR'`` 和 " +"``'gvr'``，但不匹配 ``'GVR'``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`433028` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1352 +msgid "" +"Match object groups can be accessed by ``__getitem__``, which is equivalent " +"to ``group()``. So ``mo['name']`` is now equivalent to " +"``mo.group('name')``. (Contributed by Eric Smith in :issue:`24454`.)" +msgstr "" +"Match 对象分组可通过 ``__getitem__`` 来访问，这等价于 ``group()``。 因此 ``mo['name']`` 现在将等价于" +" ``mo.group('name')``。 （由 Eric Smith 在 :issue:`24454` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1356 +msgid "" +":class:`~re.Match` objects now support :meth:`index-like objects " +"` as group indices. (Contributed by Jeroen Demeyer and " +"Xiang Zhang in :issue:`27177`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~re.Match` 对象现在支持将 :meth:`索引型对象 ` 作为分组索引。 （由 " +"Jeroen Demeyer 和 Xiang Zhang 在 :issue:`27177` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1363 +msgid "readline" +msgstr "readline" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1365 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`~readline.set_auto_history` to enable or disable automatic " +"addition of input to the history list. (Contributed by Tyler Crompton in " +":issue:`26870`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~readline.set_auto_history` 来启用或禁用历史列表输入的自动添加。 （由 Tyler Crompton 在" +" :issue:`26870` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1371 +msgid "rlcompleter" +msgstr "rlcompleter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1373 +msgid "" +"Private and special attribute names now are omitted unless the prefix starts" +" with underscores. A space or a colon is added after some completed " +"keywords. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25011` and " +":issue:`25209`.)" +msgstr "" +"私有和特殊属性名称现在会被省略除非带有以下划线开头的前缀。 在某些已完成的关键字后会加上空格或冒号。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`25011` 和 :issue:`25209` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1379 +msgid "shlex" +msgstr "shlex" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~shlex.shlex` has much :ref:`improved shell compatibility " +"` through the new *punctuation_chars* argument" +" to control which characters are treated as punctuation. (Contributed by " +"Vinay Sajip in :issue:`1521950`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~shlex.shlex` 通过新的 *punctuation_chars* 参数来控制哪些字符会被当作标点符号大幅度地 " +":ref:`改进了 shell 兼容性 `。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 " +":issue:`1521950` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1389 +msgid "site" +msgstr "site" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1391 +msgid "" +"When specifying paths to add to :data:`sys.path` in a ``.pth`` file, you may" +" now specify file paths on top of directories (e.g. zip files). (Contributed" +" by Wolfgang Langner in :issue:`26587`)." +msgstr "" +"当在 ``.pth`` 文件中指定要添加到 :data:`sys.path` 的路径时，现在你可以指定位于目录顶部的文件路径（例如 zip 文件）。 " +"（由 Wolfgang Langner 在 :issue:`26587` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1397 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1399 +msgid "" +":attr:`sqlite3.Cursor.lastrowid` now supports the ``REPLACE`` statement. " +"(Contributed by Alex LordThorsen in :issue:`16864`.)" +msgstr "" +":attr:`sqlite3.Cursor.lastrowid` 现在支持 ``REPLACE`` 语句。 （由 Alex LordThorsen 在 " +":issue:`16864` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1404 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1406 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~socket.socket.ioctl` function now supports the " +":const:`~socket.SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH` control code. (Contributed by Daniel" +" Stokes in :issue:`26536`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~socket.socket.ioctl` 函数现在支持 :const:`~socket.SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH` " +"控制码。 （由 Daniel Stokes 在 :issue:`26536` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt` constants ``SO_DOMAIN``, " +"``SO_PROTOCOL``, ``SO_PEERSEC``, and ``SO_PASSSEC`` are now supported. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`26907`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt` 常量 ``SO_DOMAIN``, ``SO_PROTOCOL``, " +"``SO_PEERSEC`` 和 ``SO_PASSSEC`` 现在已得到支持。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`26907` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1414 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt` now supports the ``setsockopt(level, " +"optname, None, optlen: int)`` form. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`27744`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt` 现在支持 ``setsockopt(level, optname, None, " +"optlen: int)`` 的形式。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`27744` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1418 +msgid "" +"The socket module now supports the address family :const:`~socket.AF_ALG` to" +" interface with Linux Kernel crypto API. ``ALG_*``, ``SOL_ALG`` and " +":meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg_afalg` were added. (Contributed by Christian " +"Heimes in :issue:`27744` with support from Victor Stinner.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 socket 模块已支持地址族 :const:`~socket.AF_ALG` 到 Linux Kernel crypto API 的接口。 " +"增加了 ``ALG_*``, ``SOL_ALG`` 和 :meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg_afalg`。 （由 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`27744` 中贡献并得到 Victor Stinner 的协助。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1424 +msgid "" +"New Linux constants ``TCP_USER_TIMEOUT`` and ``TCP_CONGESTION`` were added. " +"(Contributed by Omar Sandoval, :issue:`26273`)." +msgstr "" +"新增 Linux 常量 ``TCP_USER_TIMEOUT`` 和 ``TCP_CONGESTION``。 （由 Omar Sandoval 在 " +":issue:`26273` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1429 +msgid "socketserver" +msgstr "socketserver" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1431 +msgid "" +"Servers based on the :mod:`socketserver` module, including those defined in " +":mod:`http.server`, :mod:`xmlrpc.server` and :mod:`wsgiref.simple_server`, " +"now support the :term:`context manager` protocol. (Contributed by Aviv " +"Palivoda in :issue:`26404`.)" +msgstr "" +"基于 :mod:`socketserver` 模块的服务器，包括在 :mod:`http.server`、:mod:`xmlrpc.server` 和 " +":mod:`wsgiref.simple_server` 中定义的服务器，现在都支持 :term:`context manager` 协议。（由 " +"Aviv Palivoda 在 :issue:`26404` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`~socketserver.StreamRequestHandler.wfile` attribute of " +":class:`~socketserver.StreamRequestHandler` classes now implements the " +":class:`io.BufferedIOBase` writable interface. In particular, calling " +":meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.write` is now guaranteed to send the data in full." +" (Contributed by Martin Panter in :issue:`26721`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~socketserver.StreamRequestHandler` 类的 " +":attr:`~socketserver.StreamRequestHandler.wfile` 属性现在实现了 " +":class:`io.BufferedIOBase` 可写接口。 特别地，现在调用 :meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.write` " +"会保证完整地发送数据。 （由 Martin Panter 在 :issue:`26721` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1445 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2037 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1447 +msgid "" +":mod:`ssl` supports OpenSSL 1.1.0. The minimum recommend version is 1.0.2. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`26470`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ssl` 已支持 OpenSSL 1.1.0。 最低的建议版本为 1.0.2。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`26470` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1450 +msgid "" +"3DES has been removed from the default cipher suites and ChaCha20 Poly1305 " +"cipher suites have been added. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`27850` and :issue:`27766`.)" +msgstr "" +"已从默认的密码套件中删除 3DES 并添加了 ChaCha20 Poly1305 密码套件。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`27850` 和 :issue:`27766` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1454 +msgid "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` has better default configuration for options and " +"ciphers. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`28043`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 已具有更好的选项和密码配置。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`28043`" +" 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1458 +msgid "" +"SSL session can be copied from one client-side connection to another with " +"the new :class:`~ssl.SSLSession` class. TLS session resumption can speed up" +" the initial handshake, reduce latency and improve performance (Contributed " +"by Christian Heimes in :issue:`19500` based on a draft by Alex Warhawk.)" +msgstr "" +"SSL 会话可以通过新的 :class:`~ssl.SSLSession` 类从一个客户端连接复制到另一个。 TLS " +"会话恢复可以加快初始握手过程、减少延迟并提升性能。 （由 Christian Heimes 根据 Alex Warhawk 的草案在 " +":issue:`19500` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1464 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.get_ciphers` method can be used to get a list" +" of enabled ciphers in order of cipher priority." +msgstr "新的 :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.get_ciphers` 方法可被用来获取按密码优先级排序的已启用密码列表。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1467 +msgid "" +"All constants and flags have been converted to :class:`~enum.IntEnum` and " +":class:`~enum.IntFlags`. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`28025`.)" +msgstr "" +"所有常量和旗标都已被转换为 :class:`~enum.IntEnum` 和 :class:`~enum.IntFlags`。 （由 Christian" +" Heimes 在 :issue:`28025` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1471 +msgid "" +"Server and client-side specific TLS protocols for :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` " +"were added. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`28085`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 添加了服务器和客户端专属的 TLS 协议。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`28085` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1475 +msgid "" +"Added :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth` to enable and " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` to initiate TLS 1.3 post-" +"handshake authentication. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`78851`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth` 以启用并通过 " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` 来初始化 TLS 1.3 握手后验证。 （由 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :gh:`78851` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1481 +msgid "statistics" +msgstr "statistics" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1483 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~statistics.harmonic_mean` function has been added. " +"(Contributed by Steven D'Aprano in :issue:`27181`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`~statistics.harmonic_mean` 函数。 （由 Steven D'Aprano 在 :issue:`27181`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1488 +msgid "struct" +msgstr "struct" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1490 +msgid "" +":mod:`struct` now supports IEEE 754 half-precision floats via the ``'e'`` " +"format specifier. (Contributed by Eli Stevens, Mark Dickinson in " +":issue:`11734`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`struct` 可通过 ``'e'`` 格式说明符支持 IEEE 754 半精度浮点数。 （由 Eli Stevens 和 Mark " +"Dickinson 在 :issue:`11734` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1496 +msgid "subprocess" +msgstr "subprocess" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1498 +msgid "" +":class:`subprocess.Popen` destructor now emits a :exc:`ResourceWarning` " +"warning if the child process is still running. Use the context manager " +"protocol (``with proc: ...``) or explicitly call the " +":meth:`~subprocess.Popen.wait` method to read the exit status of the child " +"process. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26741`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 析构器会在子进程仍然运行时发出 :exc:`ResourceWarning` 警告。 " +"请使用上下文管理器协议 (``with proc: ...``) 或显式地调用 :meth:`~subprocess.Popen.wait` " +"方法来读取子进程的退出状态。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`26741` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"The :class:`subprocess.Popen` constructor and all functions that pass " +"arguments through to it now accept *encoding* and *errors* arguments. " +"Specifying either of these will enable text mode for the *stdin*, *stdout* " +"and *stderr* streams. (Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`6135`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`subprocess.Popen` 构造器以及所有会向其传递参数的函数现在可接受 *encoding* 和 *errors* 参数。 " +"指定这两者中的任何一个都将为 *stdin*, *stdout* 和 *stderr* 流启用文本模式。 （由 Steve Dower 在 " +":issue:`6135` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1511 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors` function returns the name of " +"the error mode used to convert between Unicode filenames and bytes " +"filenames. (Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`27781`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`~sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors` 函数可返回在 Unicode 文件名和 bytes " +"文件名之间进行转换时使用的错误模式的名称。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :issue:`27781` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1517 +msgid "" +"On Windows the return value of the :func:`~sys.getwindowsversion` function " +"now includes the *platform_version* field which contains the accurate major " +"version, minor version and build number of the current operating system, " +"rather than the version that is being emulated for the process (Contributed " +"by Steve Dower in :issue:`27932`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上 :func:`~sys.getwindowsversion` 函数的返回值现在将包括 *platform_version* " +"字段，该字段包含当前操作系统准确的主版本、次版本和构建版本号，而不是进行所模拟的版本信息。 （由 Steve Dower 在 " +":issue:`27932` 中提供贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1525 +msgid "telnetlib" +msgstr "telnetlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1527 +msgid "" +":class:`!telnetlib.Telnet` is now a context manager (contributed by Stéphane" +" Wirtel in :issue:`25485`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!telnetlib.Telnet` 是一个上下文管理器。 （由 Stéphane Wirtel 在 :issue:`25485`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1532 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1534 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~time.struct_time` attributes :attr:`tm_gmtoff` and " +":attr:`tm_zone` are now available on all platforms." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~time.struct_time` 的属性 :attr:`tm_gmtoff` 和 :attr:`tm_zone` " +"在所有平台上均可用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1539 +msgid "timeit" +msgstr "timeit" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1541 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`Timer.autorange() ` convenience " +"method has been added to call :meth:`Timer.timeit() ` " +"repeatedly so that the total run time is greater or equal to 200 " +"milliseconds. (Contributed by Steven D'Aprano in :issue:`6422`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`Timer.autorange() ` 便捷方法会重复调用 " +":meth:`Timer.timeit() ` 以使总运行时间大于等于 200 毫秒。 （由 Steven " +"D'Aprano 在 :issue:`6422` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1546 +msgid "" +":mod:`timeit` now warns when there is substantial (4x) variance between best" +" and worst times. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23552`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`timeit` 在最佳时间和最差时间之间存在显著（4 倍）差异时将会发出警告。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`23552` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1552 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2054 +msgid "tkinter" +msgstr "tkinter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"Added methods :meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_add`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_remove` and " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_info` in the :class:`tkinter.Variable` class." +" They replace old methods :meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_variable`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace`, :meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_vdelete` and" +" :meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_vinfo` that use obsolete Tcl commands and " +"might not work in future versions of Tcl. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka " +"in :issue:`22115`)." +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`tkinter.Variable` 类中添加了方法 :meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_add`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_remove` 和 " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_info`。 它们取代了使用过时 Tcl 命令的旧方法 " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_variable`, :meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_vdelete` 和 " +":meth:`~tkinter.Variable.trace_vinfo`，旧方法在未来版本的 Tcl 中可能会无法使用。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`22115` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1567 +msgid "traceback" +msgstr "回溯" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1569 +msgid "" +"Both the traceback module and the interpreter's builtin exception display " +"now abbreviate long sequences of repeated lines in tracebacks as shown in " +"the following example::" +msgstr "traceback 模块和解释器的内置异常显示现在都会对回溯中重复行的长序列进行缩写，如下面的例子所示::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1573 +msgid "" +">>> def f(): f()\n" +"...\n" +">>> f()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 1, in f\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in f\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in f\n" +" [Previous line repeated 995 more times]\n" +"RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(): f()\n" +"...\n" +">>> f()\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +" File \"\", line 1, in f\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in f\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in f\n" +" [Previous line repeated 995 more times]\n" +"RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1584 +msgid "(Contributed by Emanuel Barry in :issue:`26823`.)" +msgstr "（由 Emanuel Barry在 :issue:`26823` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1588 +msgid "tracemalloc" +msgstr "tracemalloc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1590 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tracemalloc` module now supports tracing memory allocations in " +"multiple different address spaces." +msgstr ":mod:`tracemalloc` 模块现在支持跟踪在多个不同地址空间中的内存分配情况。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1593 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~tracemalloc.DomainFilter` filter class has been added to " +"filter block traces by their address space (domain)." +msgstr "新增 :class:`~tracemalloc.DomainFilter` 过滤器类用于按地址空间（域）过滤块跟踪信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1596 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26588`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`26588` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1602 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1604 +msgid "" +"Since the :mod:`typing` module is :term:`provisional `, all" +" changes introduced in Python 3.6 have also been backported to Python 3.5.x." +msgstr "" +"由于 :mod:`typing` 模块处于 :term:`暂定状态 `，在 Python 3.6 " +"中引入的所有改变都已被反向移植到 Python 3.5.x。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1608 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`typing` module has a much improved support for generic type " +"aliases. For example ``Dict[str, Tuple[S, T]]`` is now a valid type " +"annotation. (Contributed by Guido van Rossum in `Github #195 " +"`_.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`typing` 模块对泛型类别名的支持得到大幅改进。 例如 ``Dict[str, Tuple[S, T]]`` 现在将是有效的类型标注。 " +"（由 Guido van Rossum 在 `Github #195 中贡献 " +"`_。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1614 +msgid "" +"The :class:`typing.ContextManager` class has been added for representing " +":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager`. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in " +":issue:`25609`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :class:`typing.ContextManager` 类用来表示 " +":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager`。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`25609`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1618 +msgid "" +"The :class:`typing.Collection` class has been added for representing " +":class:`collections.abc.Collection`. (Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in " +":issue:`27598`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :class:`typing.Collection` 类用来表示 :class:`collections.abc.Collection`。 （由 " +"Ivan Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`27598` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1622 +msgid "" +"The :const:`typing.ClassVar` type construct has been added to mark class " +"variables. As introduced in :pep:`526`, a variable annotation wrapped in " +"ClassVar indicates that a given attribute is intended to be used as a class " +"variable and should not be set on instances of that class. (Contributed by " +"Ivan Levkivskyi in `Github #280 " +"`_.)" +msgstr "" +"增加 :const:`typing.ClassVar` 类型结构体用来标记类变量。 变量标注在 :pep:`526` 中被引入，包装在 ClassVar" +" 中的变量标注表示给定的属性将被用作类变量而不应在该类的实例上设置。 （由 Ivan Levkivskyi 在 `Github #280 中贡献 " +"`_。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1629 +msgid "" +"A new :const:`~typing.TYPE_CHECKING` constant that is assumed to be ``True``" +" by the static type checkers, but is ``False`` at runtime. (Contributed by " +"Guido van Rossum in `Github #230 " +"`_.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :const:`~typing.TYPE_CHECKING` 常量将被静态类型检查器视为 ``True``，但在运行时将为 ``False``。 " +"（由 Guido van Rossum 在 `Github #230 中贡献 " +"`_。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1634 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`~typing.NewType` helper function has been added to create " +"lightweight distinct types for annotations::" +msgstr "新增 :func:`~typing.NewType` 辅助函数用来创建针对标注的轻量级单独类型::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1637 +msgid "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"some_id = UserId(524313)" +msgstr "" +"from typing import NewType\n" +"\n" +"UserId = NewType('UserId', int)\n" +"some_id = UserId(524313)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1642 +msgid "" +"The static type checker will treat the new type as if it were a subclass of " +"the original type. (Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in `Github #189 " +"`_.)" +msgstr "" +"静态类型检查器将把新类型当作原始类型的子类来处理。 （由 Ivan Levkivskyi 在 `Github #189 中贡献 " +"`_。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1648 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unicodedata` module now uses data from `Unicode 9.0.0 " +"`_. (Contributed by Benjamin " +"Peterson.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`unicodedata` 模块现在使用来自 `Unicode 9.0.0 " +"`_ 的数据。 （由 Benjamin Peterson " +"贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1656 +msgid "unittest.mock" +msgstr "unittest.mock" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1658 +msgid "The :class:`~unittest.mock.Mock` class has the following improvements:" +msgstr ":class:`~unittest.mock.Mock` 类具有以下改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1660 +msgid "" +"Two new methods, :meth:`Mock.assert_called() " +"` and :meth:`Mock.assert_called_once() " +"` to check if the mock object was " +"called. (Contributed by Amit Saha in :issue:`26323`.)" +msgstr "" +"两个新方法，:meth:`Mock.assert_called() ` 和 " +":meth:`Mock.assert_called_once() ` " +"用于检测 mock 对象是否已被调用。 （由 Amit Saha 在 :issue:`26323` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1666 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`Mock.reset_mock() ` method now has" +" two optional keyword only arguments: *return_value* and *side_effect*. " +"(Contributed by Kushal Das in :issue:`21271`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`Mock.reset_mock() ` 方法现在有两个可选的仅限关键字参数:" +" *return_value* 和 *side_effect*。 （由 Kushal Das 在 :issue:`21271` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1673 +msgid "urllib.request" +msgstr "urllib.request" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1675 +msgid "" +"If a HTTP request has a file or iterable body (other than a bytes object) " +"but no ``Content-Length`` header, rather than throwing an error, " +":class:`~urllib.request.AbstractHTTPHandler` now falls back to use chunked " +"transfer encoding. (Contributed by Demian Brecht and Rolf Krahl in " +":issue:`12319`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果一个 HTTP 请求具有文件或可迭代对象请求体（而不是 bytes 对象）但没有 ``Content-Length`` " +"标头，:class:`~urllib.request.AbstractHTTPHandler` 现在将不会抛出错误，而是回退为使用分块传输编码格式。 " +"（由 Demian Brecht 和 Rolf Krahl 在 :issue:`12319` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1683 +msgid "urllib.robotparser" +msgstr "urllib.robotparser" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1685 +msgid "" +":class:`~urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser` now supports the ``Crawl-" +"delay`` and ``Request-rate`` extensions. (Contributed by Nikolay Bogoychev " +"in :issue:`16099`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser` 现在将支持 ``Crawl-delay`` 和 " +"``Request-rate`` 扩展。 （由 Nikolay Bogoychev 在 :issue:`16099` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1691 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2062 +msgid "venv" +msgstr "venv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1693 +msgid "" +":mod:`venv` accepts a new parameter ``--prompt``. This parameter provides an" +" alternative prefix for the virtual environment. (Proposed by Łukasz " +"Balcerzak and ported to 3.6 by Stéphane Wirtel in :issue:`22829`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`venv` 接受一个新的形参 ``--prompt``。 此形参提供了用于虚拟环境的替代前缀。 （由 Łukasz Balcerzak " +"提议并由 Stéphane Wirtel 在 :issue:`22829` 中移植到 3.6。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1699 +msgid "warnings" +msgstr "warnings" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1701 +msgid "" +"A new optional *source* parameter has been added to the " +":func:`warnings.warn_explicit` function: the destroyed object which emitted " +"a :exc:`ResourceWarning`. A *source* attribute has also been added to " +":class:`warnings.WarningMessage` (contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`26568` and :issue:`26567`)." +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`warnings.warn_explicit` 新增可选的 *source* 形参：被销毁的对象将发出 " +":exc:`ResourceWarning`。 还为 :class:`warnings.WarningMessage` 增加了 *source* 属性。" +" （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`26568` 和 :issue:`26567` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1707 +msgid "" +"When a :exc:`ResourceWarning` warning is logged, the :mod:`tracemalloc` " +"module is now used to try to retrieve the traceback where the destroyed " +"object was allocated." +msgstr "" +"当一个 :exc:`ResourceWarning` 警告被记入日志时，现在会使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` " +"模块来尝试提取分配给已销毁对象的回溯信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1710 +msgid "Example with the script ``example.py``::" +msgstr "使用 ``example.py`` 脚本的示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1712 +msgid "" +"import warnings\n" +"\n" +"def func():\n" +" return open(__file__)\n" +"\n" +"f = func()\n" +"f = None" +msgstr "" +"import warnings\n" +"\n" +"def func():\n" +" return open(__file__)\n" +"\n" +"f = func()\n" +"f = None" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1720 +msgid "Output of the command ``python3.6 -Wd -X tracemalloc=5 example.py``::" +msgstr "命令 ``python3.6 -Wd -X tracemalloc=5 example.py`` 的输出::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"example.py:7: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='example.py' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" f = None\n" +"Object allocated at (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"example.py\", lineno 4\n" +" return open(__file__)\n" +" File \"example.py\", lineno 6\n" +" f = func()" +msgstr "" +"example.py:7: ResourceWarning: unclosed file <_io.TextIOWrapper name='example.py' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>\n" +" f = None\n" +"Object allocated at (most recent call first):\n" +" File \"example.py\", lineno 4\n" +" return open(__file__)\n" +" File \"example.py\", lineno 6\n" +" f = func()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1730 +msgid "" +"The \"Object allocated at\" traceback is new and is only displayed if " +":mod:`tracemalloc` is tracing Python memory allocations and if the " +":mod:`warnings` module was already imported." +msgstr "" +"\"Object allocated at\" 回溯信息是新增的并且仅当 :mod:`tracemalloc` 在跟踪 Python 内存分配且 " +":mod:`warnings` 模块已被导入时才会显示。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1736 +msgid "winreg" +msgstr "winreg" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1738 +msgid "" +"Added the 64-bit integer type :data:`REG_QWORD `. " +"(Contributed by Clement Rouault in :issue:`23026`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 64 位整数类型 :data:`REG_QWORD `。 （由 Clement Rouault 在 " +":issue:`23026` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1743 +msgid "winsound" +msgstr "winsound" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"Allowed keyword arguments to be passed to :func:`Beep `, " +":func:`MessageBeep `, and :func:`PlaySound " +"` (:issue:`27982`)." +msgstr "" +"允许将关键字参数传给 :func:`Beep `, :func:`MessageBeep " +"` 和 :func:`PlaySound ` " +"(:issue:`27982`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1751 +msgid "xmlrpc.client" +msgstr "xmlrpc.client" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1753 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xmlrpc.client` module now supports unmarshalling additional data " +"types used by the Apache XML-RPC implementation for numerics and ``None``. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26885`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`xmlrpc.client` 模块现在支持反 marshall 由 Apache XML-RPC 的数字和 ``None`` " +"实现所使用的附加数据类型。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`26885` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1760 +msgid "zipfile" +msgstr "zipfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1762 +msgid "" +"A new :meth:`ZipInfo.from_file() ` class method " +"allows making a :class:`~zipfile.ZipInfo` instance from a filesystem file. A" +" new :meth:`ZipInfo.is_dir() ` method can be used to" +" check if the :class:`~zipfile.ZipInfo` instance represents a directory. " +"(Contributed by Thomas Kluyver in :issue:`26039`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`ZipInfo.from_file() ` " +"类方法允许基于文件系统中的文件创建 :class:`~zipfile.ZipInfo` 实例。 新增的 :meth:`ZipInfo.is_dir() " +"` 方法可被用来检测 :class:`~zipfile.ZipInfo` 实例是否代表一个目录。 （由 " +"Thomas Kluyver 在 :issue:`26039` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1768 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`ZipFile.open() ` method can now be used to " +"write data into a ZIP file, as well as for extracting data. (Contributed by " +"Thomas Kluyver in :issue:`26039`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`ZipFile.open() ` 方法可被用来将数据写入 ZIP 文件，以及提取数据。 " +"（由 Thomas Kluyver 在 :issue:`26039` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1774 +msgid "zlib" +msgstr "zlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1776 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~zlib.compress` and :func:`~zlib.decompress` functions now accept" +" keyword arguments. (Contributed by Aviv Palivoda in :issue:`26243` and " +"Xiang Zhang in :issue:`16764` respectively.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`~zlib.compress` 和 :func:`~zlib.decompress` 函数均可接受关键字参数。 （分别由 Aviv " +"Palivoda 在 :issue:`26243` 以及 Xiang Zhang 在 :issue:`16764` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1783 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1785 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter now uses a 16-bit wordcode instead of bytecode which " +"made a number of opcode optimizations possible. (Contributed by Demur Rumed " +"with input and reviews from Serhiy Storchaka and Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`26647` and :issue:`28050`.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器现在使用 16 位字代码而不是字节代码，这使得许多操作码优化成为可能。 （由 Demur Rumed 在 " +":issue:`26647` 和 :issue:`28050` 中贡献并得到来自 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Victor Stinner " +"的协助和评估。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1790 +msgid "" +"The :class:`asyncio.Future` class now has an optimized C implementation. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov and INADA Naoki in :issue:`26081`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`asyncio.Future` 类已拥有经优化的 C 实现。 （由 Yury Selivanov 和 INADA Naoki 在 " +":issue:`26081` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1793 +msgid "" +"The :class:`asyncio.Task` class now has an optimized C implementation. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`28544`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`asyncio.Task` 类已拥有经优化的 C 实现。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`28544` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1796 +msgid "" +"Various implementation improvements in the :mod:`typing` module (such as " +"caching of generic types) allow up to 30 times performance improvements and " +"reduced memory footprint." +msgstr "在 :mod:`typing` 模块中多项对实现的改进（如泛型类型的缓存）获得至多 30 倍的运行效率提升并降低了内存消耗。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1800 +msgid "" +"The ASCII decoder is now up to 60 times as fast for error handlers " +"``surrogateescape``, ``ignore`` and ``replace`` (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`24870`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 ASCII 解码器使用 ``surrogateescape``, ``ignore`` 和 ``replace`` 错误处理器时可提速至多 60 " +"倍。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`24870` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1804 +msgid "" +"The ASCII and the Latin1 encoders are now up to 3 times as fast for the " +"error handler ``surrogateescape`` (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`25227`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 ASCII 和 Latin1 解码器使用 ``surrogateescape`` 错误处理器时可提速至多 3 倍。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`25227` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1808 +msgid "" +"The UTF-8 encoder is now up to 75 times as fast for error handlers " +"``ignore``, ``replace``, ``surrogateescape``, ``surrogatepass`` (Contributed" +" by Victor Stinner in :issue:`25267`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 UTF-8 解码器使用 ``ignore``, ``replace``, ``surrogateescape``, " +"``surrogatepass`` 错误处理器时可提速至多 75 倍。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`25267` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1812 +msgid "" +"The UTF-8 decoder is now up to 15 times as fast for error handlers " +"``ignore``, ``replace`` and ``surrogateescape`` (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`25301`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 UTF-8 解码器使用 ``ignore``, ``replace`` 和 ``surrogateescape`` 错误处理器时可提速至多 15 " +"倍。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`25301` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1816 +msgid "" +"``bytes % args`` is now up to 2 times faster. (Contributed by Victor Stinner" +" in :issue:`25349`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``bytes % args`` 可提速至多 2 倍。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`25349` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1819 +msgid "" +"``bytearray % args`` is now between 2.5 and 5 times faster. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`25399`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``bytearray % args`` 可提速 2.5 至 5 倍。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`25399` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1822 +msgid "" +"Optimize :meth:`bytes.fromhex` and :meth:`bytearray.fromhex`: they are now " +"between 2x and 3.5x faster. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`25401`)." +msgstr "" +"优化 :meth:`bytes.fromhex` 和 :meth:`bytearray.fromhex`: 现在它们获得了 2x 和 3.5x 的提速。" +" （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`25401` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1825 +msgid "" +"Optimize ``bytes.replace(b'', b'.')`` and ``bytearray.replace(b'', b'.')``: " +"up to 80% faster. (Contributed by Josh Snider in :issue:`26574`)." +msgstr "" +"优化 ``bytes.replace(b'', b'.')`` 和 ``bytearray.replace(b'', b'.')``: 提速至多 " +"80%。 （由 Josh Snider 在 :issue:`26574` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1828 +msgid "" +"Allocator functions of the :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` domain " +"(:c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`) now use the :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator " +"` instead of :c:func:`malloc` function of the C library. The " +"pymalloc allocator is optimized for objects smaller or equal to 512 bytes " +"with a short lifetime, and use :c:func:`malloc` for larger memory blocks. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26249`)." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 域的分配器函数 (:c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`) 现在使用 " +":ref:`pymalloc 内存 分配器 ` 而不是 C 库的 :c:func:`malloc` 函数。 pymalloc " +"分配器针对小于等于 512 字节的较短生命周期对象进行了优化，而对于较大的内存块则使用 :c:func:`malloc`。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`26249` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1835 +msgid "" +":func:`pickle.load` and :func:`pickle.loads` are now up to 10% faster when " +"deserializing many small objects (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`27056`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`pickle.load` 和 :func:`pickle.loads` 在反序列化许多小对象时可提速多至 10%。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`27056` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1839 +msgid "" +"Passing :term:`keyword arguments ` to a function has an " +"overhead in comparison with passing :term:`positional arguments `. Now in extension functions implemented with using Argument " +"Clinic this overhead is significantly decreased. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`27574`)." +msgstr "" +"向函数传入 :term:`关键字参数 ` 相比传入 :term:`位置参数 ` 会有额外的开销。 现在对于使用 Argument Clinic 实现的扩展函数此开销已显著降低。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`27574` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"Optimized :func:`~glob.glob` and :func:`~glob.iglob` functions in the " +":mod:`glob` module; they are now about 3--6 times faster. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25596`)." +msgstr "" +"优化了 :mod:`glob` 模块中的 :func:`~glob.glob` 和 :func:`~glob.iglob` 函数；现在它们可提速约 3" +"--6 倍。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`25596` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1849 +msgid "" +"Optimized globbing in :mod:`pathlib` by using :func:`os.scandir`; it is now " +"about 1.5--4 times faster. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`26032`)." +msgstr "" +"通过使用 :func:`os.scandir` 优化了 :mod:`pathlib` 中的 glob 操作；现在它可提速约 1.5--4 倍。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`26032` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1853 +msgid "" +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree` parsing, iteration and deepcopy performance " +"has been significantly improved. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`25638`, :issue:`25873`, and :issue:`25869`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree` 解析、迭代和深拷贝效率已获得显著提升。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`25638`, :issue:`25873` 和 :issue:`25869` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"Creation of :class:`fractions.Fraction` instances from floats and decimals " +"is now 2 to 3 times faster. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`25971`.)" +msgstr "" +"基于 float 和 decimal 创建 :class:`fractions.Fraction` 实例现已提速 2 至 3 倍。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`25971` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1864 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1866 +msgid "" +"Python now requires some C99 support in the toolchain to build. Most " +"notably, Python now uses standard integer types and macros in place of " +"custom macros like ``PY_LONG_LONG``. For more information, see :pep:`7` and " +":issue:`17884`." +msgstr "" +"Python 现在需要在工具链中提供一些 C99 支持来进行构建 。 最值得注意的是，Python 现在使用标准的整数类型和宏来代替像 " +"``PY_LONG_LONG`` 这样的自定义宏。 要获取更多信息，参见 :pep:`7` 和 :issue:`17884`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1871 +msgid "" +"Cross-compiling CPython with the Android NDK and the Android API level set " +"to 21 (Android 5.0 Lollipop) or greater runs successfully. While Android is " +"not yet a supported platform, the Python test suite runs on the Android " +"emulator with only about 16 tests failures. See the Android meta-issue " +":issue:`26865`." +msgstr "" +"使用 Android NDK 和将 Android API 设为 21（Android 5.0 Lollipop）或更高级别的交叉编译 CPython " +"可成功运行。 虽然 Android 还不是一个受支持的平台，但 Python 测试套件在 Android 模拟器上运行时只有约 16 次测试失败。 " +"请参见 Android meta-issue :issue:`26865`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1876 +msgid "" +"The ``--enable-optimizations`` configure flag has been added. Turning it on " +"will activate expensive optimizations like PGO. (Original patch by " +"Alecsandru Patrascu of Intel in :issue:`26359`.)" +msgstr "" +"已添加 ``--enable-optimizations`` 配置旗标 。 打开它将激活 PGO 等高消耗的优化功能。 （原始补丁由 Intel 的 " +"Alecsandru Patrascu 在 :issue:`26359` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1880 +msgid "" +"The :term:`GIL ` must now be held when allocator " +"functions of :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) and" +" :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) domains are " +"called." +msgstr "" +"现当调用 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (如: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) 和 " +":c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (如: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) 域的分配器函数时必须持有在 " +":term:`GIL `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1884 +msgid "" +"New :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` API which indicates if flushing buffered data " +"failed. (Contributed by Martin Panter in :issue:`5319`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` API 用于提示缓冲数据的刷新是否失败。 （由 Martin Panter 在 " +":issue:`5319` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1888 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` now supports :ref:`positional-only " +"parameters `. Positional-only parameters are " +"defined by empty names. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26282`)." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 现在支持 :ref:`仅限位置形参 `，仅限位置形参是不带名称定义的。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`26282` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1893 +msgid "" +"``PyTraceback_Print`` method now abbreviates long sequences of repeated " +"lines as ``\"[Previous line repeated {count} more times]\"``. (Contributed " +"by Emanuel Barry in :issue:`26823`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``PyTraceback_Print`` 方法会将由重复行组成的长序列缩写为 ``\"[Previous line repeated " +"{count} more times]\"``。 （由 Emanuel Barry 在 :issue:`26823` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1897 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass` function allows for " +"specifying a subclass of :exc:`ImportError` to raise. (Contributed by Eric " +"Snow in :issue:`15767`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :c:func:`PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass` 函数允许指定一个要引发的 :exc:`ImportError` " +"子类。 （由 Eric Snow 在 :issue:`15767` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1901 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`PyErr_ResourceWarning` function can be used to generate a " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` providing the source of the resource allocation. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26567`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :c:func:`PyErr_ResourceWarning` 函数可被用于生成提供资源分配来源的 " +":exc:`ResourceWarning`。（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`26567` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1905 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`PyOS_FSPath` function returns the file system " +"representation of a :term:`path-like object`. (Contributed by Brett Cannon " +"in :issue:`27186`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :c:func:`PyOS_FSPath` 函数可返回一个 :term:`path-like object` 的文件系统表示形式。 （由 " +"Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`27186` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1909 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSDecoder` " +"functions will now accept :term:`path-like objects `." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSConverter` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSDecoder` 函数将接受 " +":term:`路径类对象 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1914 +msgid "Other Improvements" +msgstr "其他改进" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1916 +msgid "" +"When :option:`--version` (short form: :option:`-V`) is supplied twice, " +"Python prints :data:`sys.version` for detailed information." +msgstr "" +"当 :option:`--version` (简短形式: :option:`-V`) 提供了两次时，Python 将针对细节信息打印 " +":data:`sys.version`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1919 +msgid "" +"$ ./python -VV\n" +"Python 3.6.0b4+ (3.6:223967b49e49+, Nov 21 2016, 20:55:04)\n" +"[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.42.1)]" +msgstr "" +"$ ./python -VV\n" +"Python 3.6.0b4+ (3.6:223967b49e49+, Nov 21 2016, 20:55:04)\n" +"[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.42.1)]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1927 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1930 +msgid "New Keywords" +msgstr "新关键字" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1932 +msgid "" +"``async`` and ``await`` are not recommended to be used as variable, class, " +"function or module names. Introduced by :pep:`492` in Python 3.5, they will" +" become proper keywords in Python 3.7. Starting in Python 3.6, the use of " +"``async`` or ``await`` as names will generate a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "" +"不建议将 ``async`` 和 ``await`` 作为变量、类、函数或模块的名称。 它们通过 :pep:`492` 在 Python 3.5 " +"中被引入，并将在 Python 3.7 成为保留关键字。 从 Python 3.6 开始，使用 ``async`` 或 ``await`` " +"作为名称将会产生 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1939 +msgid "Deprecated Python behavior" +msgstr "已弃用的 Python 行为" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1941 +msgid "" +"Raising the :exc:`StopIteration` exception inside a generator will now " +"generate a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`, and will trigger a :exc:`RuntimeError`" +" in Python 3.7. See :ref:`whatsnew-pep-479` for details." +msgstr "" +"在生成器内部引发 :exc:`StopIteration` 异常现在将产生 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`，并将在 Python " +"3.7 中触发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 详情参见 :ref:`whatsnew-pep-479`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1945 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`__aiter__` method is now expected to return an asynchronous " +"iterator directly instead of returning an awaitable as previously. Doing the" +" former will trigger a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Backward compatibility " +"will be removed in Python 3.7. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`27243`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`__aiter__` 方法应当直接返回一个异步迭代器而非如之前那样返回一个可等待对象。 继续返回可等待对象将触发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 向下兼容将在 Python 3.7 中被移除。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 " +":issue:`27243` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1951 +msgid "" +"A backslash-character pair that is not a valid escape sequence now generates" +" a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Although this will eventually become a " +":exc:`SyntaxError`, that will not be for several Python releases. " +"(Contributed by Emanuel Barry in :issue:`27364`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在如果一个反斜杠-字符对不是有效的转义序列则会产生 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 虽然这最终会改为 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`，但在近几个 Python 发布版都不会实施。 （由 Emanuel Barry 在 :issue:`27364` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1956 +msgid "" +"When performing a relative import, falling back on ``__name__`` and " +"``__path__`` from the calling module when ``__spec__`` or ``__package__`` " +"are not defined now raises an :exc:`ImportWarning`. (Contributed by Rose " +"Ames in :issue:`25791`.)" +msgstr "" +"当执行相对导入时，现在当 ``__spec__`` 或 ``__package__`` 未被定义时从调用方模块回退到 ``__name__`` 和 " +"``__path__`` 会引发 :exc:`ImportWarning`。 （由 Rose Ames 在 :issue:`25791` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1963 +msgid "Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods" +msgstr "已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1966 +msgid "asynchat" +msgstr "asynchat" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1968 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!asynchat` has been deprecated in favor of :mod:`asyncio`. " +"(Contributed by Mariatta in :issue:`25002`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!asynchat` 已被弃用而应改用 :mod:`asyncio`。 （由 Mariatta 在 :issue:`25002` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1973 +msgid "asyncore" +msgstr "asyncore" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1975 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!asyncore` has been deprecated in favor of :mod:`asyncio`. " +"(Contributed by Mariatta in :issue:`25002`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!asyncore` 已被弃用而应改用 :mod:`asyncio`。 （由 Mariatta 在 :issue:`25002` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1980 +msgid "dbm" +msgstr "dbm" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1982 +msgid "" +"Unlike other :mod:`dbm` implementations, the :mod:`dbm.dumb` module creates " +"databases with the ``'rw'`` mode and allows modifying the database opened " +"with the ``'r'`` mode. This behavior is now deprecated and will be removed " +"in 3.8. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`21708`.)" +msgstr "" +"与其他 :mod:`dbm` 实现不同，:mod:`dbm.dumb` 模块会以 ``'rw'`` 模式创建数据库并允许修改以 ``'r'`` " +"模式打开的数据库。 此行为现在已被弃用并将在 3.8 中移除。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`21708` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1992 +msgid "" +"The undocumented ``extra_path`` argument to the ``distutils.Distribution`` " +"constructor is now considered deprecated and will raise a warning if set. " +"Support for this parameter will be removed in a future Python release. See " +":issue:`27919` for details." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的传给 ``distutils.Distribution`` 构造器的 ``extra_path`` 参数现在已被弃用，如果设置将会引发警告。" +" 未来的 Python 发布版将会移除对此形参的支持。 详情参见 :issue:`27919`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:1999 +msgid "grp" +msgstr "grp" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"The support of non-integer arguments in :func:`~grp.getgrgid` has been " +"deprecated. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26129`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`~grp.getgrgid` 中对非整数参数的支持已被弃用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`26129`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2009 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader.load_module` and " +":meth:`importlib.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader.load_module` methods are now" +" deprecated. They were the only remaining implementations of " +":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` in :mod:`importlib` that had not " +"been deprecated in previous versions of Python in favour of " +":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`." +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader.load_module` 和 " +":meth:`importlib.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader.load_module` 方法已被弃用。 它们是 " +":mod:`importlib` 中仅存的尚未在之前的 Python 版本中被弃用并改为 " +":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` 的 " +":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.load_module` 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2016 +msgid "" +"The :class:`importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder` class is now " +"deprecated. As of 3.6.0, it is still added to :data:`sys.meta_path` by " +"default (on Windows), but this may change in future releases." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder` 类已被弃用。 在 3.6.0 " +"中，默认它仍会被添加到 :data:`sys.meta_path` (对于 Windows)，但这可能在未来发生改变。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2023 +msgid "" +"Undocumented support of general :term:`bytes-like objects ` as paths in :mod:`os` functions, :func:`compile` and similar " +"functions is now deprecated. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`25791` and :issue:`26754`.)" +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的对于将普通 :term:`字节型对象 ` 作为 :mod:`os` 的函数, " +":func:`compile` 及类似函数中的路径的支持现已被弃用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`25791` 和 " +":issue:`26754` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2031 +msgid "" +"Support for inline flags ``(?letters)`` in the middle of the regular " +"expression has been deprecated and will be removed in a future Python " +"version. Flags at the start of a regular expression are still allowed. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`22493`.)" +msgstr "" +"对于在正则表达式中间使用内联旗标 ``(?letters)`` 的支持已被弃用并将在未来的 Python 版本中移除。 " +"在正则表达式开头的旗标仍然被允许。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`22493` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2039 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL 0.9.8, 1.0.0 and 1.0.1 are deprecated and no longer supported. In " +"the future the :mod:`ssl` module will require at least OpenSSL 1.0.2 or " +"1.1.0." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 0.9.8, 1.0.0 和 1.0.1 已被弃用并不再受支持。 未来的 :mod:`ssl` 模块将至少需要 OpenSSL " +"1.0.2 或 1.1.0。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2043 +msgid "" +"SSL-related arguments like ``certfile``, ``keyfile`` and ``check_hostname`` " +"in :mod:`ftplib`, :mod:`http.client`, :mod:`imaplib`, :mod:`poplib`, and " +":mod:`smtplib` have been deprecated in favor of ``context``. (Contributed by" +" Christian Heimes in :issue:`28022`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ftplib`, :mod:`http.client`, :mod:`imaplib`, :mod:`poplib` 和 " +":mod:`smtplib` 中的 SSL 相关参数如 ``certfile``, ``keyfile`` 和 ``check_hostname`` " +"已被弃用而应改用 ``context``。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`28022` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2048 +msgid "" +"A couple of protocols and functions of the :mod:`ssl` module are now " +"deprecated. Some features will no longer be available in future versions of " +"OpenSSL. Other features are deprecated in favor of a different API. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`28022` and :issue:`26470`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ssl` 模块中的多个协议和函数现已被弃用。 某些特性在未来的 OpenSSL 版本中将不再可用。 另一些特性则因建议使用不同的 API " +"而被弃用。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`28022` 和 :issue:`26470` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2056 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!tkinter.tix` module is now deprecated. :mod:`tkinter` users " +"should use :mod:`tkinter.ttk` instead." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`!tkinter.tix` 模块已被弃用。 :mod:`tkinter` 用户应当改用 :mod:`tkinter.ttk`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2064 +msgid "" +"The ``pyvenv`` script has been deprecated in favour of ``python3 -m venv``. " +"This prevents confusion as to what Python interpreter ``pyvenv`` is " +"connected to and thus what Python interpreter will be used by the virtual " +"environment. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`25154`.)" +msgstr "" +"``pyvenv`` 脚本已被弃用而应改用 ``python3 -m venv``。 这可以避免 ``pyvenv`` 容易混淆所连接的 Python " +"解释器从而导致弄错虚拟环境所使用的 Python 解释器这样的问题。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`25154` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2071 +msgid "xml" +msgstr "xml" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2073 +msgid "" +"As mitigation against DTD and external entity retrieval, the " +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` and :mod:`xml.sax` modules no longer process external" +" entities by default. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`61441`.)" +msgstr "" +"作为对 DTD 和外部实体检查的缓解，在默认情况下 :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 和 :mod:`xml.sax` " +"模块将不再处理外部实体。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :gh:`61441` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2080 +msgid "Deprecated functions and types of the C API" +msgstr "已弃用的 C API 函数和类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2082 +msgid "" +"Undocumented functions :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`, " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode` " +"and :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode` are deprecated now. Use the " +":ref:`generic codec based API ` instead." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的函数 :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject`, " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode` " +"和 :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode` 现已被弃用。 请改用 :ref:`基于泛型编解码器的 API " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2089 +msgid "Deprecated Build Options" +msgstr "弃用的构建选项" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2091 +msgid "" +"The ``--with-system-ffi`` configure flag is now on by default on non-macOS " +"UNIX platforms. It may be disabled by using ``--without-system-ffi``, but " +"using the flag is deprecated and will not be accepted in Python 3.7. macOS " +"is unaffected by this change. Note that many OS distributors already use " +"the ``--with-system-ffi`` flag when building their system Python." +msgstr "" +"现在 ``--with-system-ffi`` 配置旗标在非 macOS UNIX 平台上将默认启用。 它可以通过 ``--without-" +"system-ffi`` 来禁用，但该旗标已被弃用并将在 Python 3.7 中不再被接受。 macOS 不会受此变化的影响。 请注意许多 OS " +"发布方在构建它们的系统 Python 时已经使用了 ``--with-system-ffi`` 旗标。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2099 +msgid "Removed" +msgstr "移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2102 +msgid "API and Feature Removals" +msgstr "API 与特性的移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"Unknown escapes consisting of ``'\\'`` and an ASCII letter in regular " +"expressions will now cause an error. In replacement templates for " +":func:`re.sub` they are still allowed, but deprecated. The " +":const:`re.LOCALE` flag can now only be used with binary patterns." +msgstr "" +"正则表达式中由 ``'\\'`` 和一个 ASCII 字母组成的未知转义序列现在将导致报错。 它们在 :func:`re.sub` " +"的替换模板中仍被允许，但已被弃用。 现在 :const:`re.LOCALE` 旗标只能用于二进制模式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2109 +msgid "" +"``inspect.getmoduleinfo()`` was removed (was deprecated since CPython 3.3). " +":func:`inspect.getmodulename` should be used for obtaining the module name " +"for a given path. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`13248`.)" +msgstr "" +"``inspect.getmoduleinfo()`` 已被移除（自 CPython 3.3 起已被弃用）。 应当使用 " +":func:`inspect.getmodulename` 来获取对应于给定路径的模块名称。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 " +":issue:`13248` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2114 +msgid "" +"``traceback.Ignore`` class and ``traceback.usage``, ``traceback.modname``, " +"``traceback.fullmodname``, ``traceback.find_lines_from_code``, " +"``traceback.find_lines``, ``traceback.find_strings``, " +"``traceback.find_executable_lines`` methods were removed from the " +":mod:`traceback` module. They were undocumented methods deprecated since " +"Python 3.2 and equivalent functionality is available from private methods." +msgstr "" +"``traceback.Ignore`` 类和 ``traceback.usage``, ``traceback.modname``, " +"``traceback.fullmodname``, ``traceback.find_lines_from_code``, " +"``traceback.find_lines``, ``traceback.find_strings``, " +"``traceback.find_executable_lines`` 等方法已从 :mod:`traceback` 模块中移除。 它们是自 " +"Python 3.2 起即已被弃用的未写入文档的方法并可通过私有方法使用等价的功能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2121 +msgid "" +"The ``tk_menuBar()`` and ``tk_bindForTraversal()`` dummy methods in " +":mod:`tkinter` widget classes were removed (corresponding Tk commands were " +"obsolete since Tk 4.0)." +msgstr "" +":mod:`tkinter` 控件类中的 ``tk_menuBar()`` 和 ``tk_bindForTraversal()`` " +"虚拟方法已被移除（相应的 Tk 命令自 Tk 4.0 起即已过时）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2125 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.open` method of the :class:`zipfile.ZipFile` " +"class no longer supports the ``'U'`` mode (was deprecated since Python 3.4)." +" Use :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` for reading compressed text files in " +":term:`universal newlines` mode." +msgstr "" +":class:`zipfile.ZipFile` 类的 :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.open` 方法已不再支持 ``'U'`` " +"模式（自 Python 3.4 起已被弃用）。 请使用 :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` 以 :term:`universal " +"newlines` 模式读取压缩文本文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2130 +msgid "" +"The undocumented ``IN``, ``CDROM``, ``DLFCN``, ``TYPES``, ``CDIO``, and " +"``STROPTS`` modules have been removed. They had been available in the " +"platform specific ``Lib/plat-*/`` directories, but were chronically out of " +"date, inconsistently available across platforms, and unmaintained. The " +"script that created these modules is still available in the source " +"distribution at `Tools/scripts/h2py.py " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的 ``IN``, ``CDROM``, ``DLFCN``, ``TYPES``, ``CDIO`` 和 ``STROPTS`` " +"模块已被移除。 它们在平台专属的 ``Lib/plat-*/`` 目录下可用，但是早已过时，在各平台上访问方式不一致，并且无人维护。 " +"创建这些模块的脚本仍可在源代码发布包的 `Tools/scripts/h2py.py " +"`_ " +"中获取。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2138 +msgid "The deprecated ``asynchat.fifo`` class has been removed." +msgstr "已弃用的 ``asynchat.fifo`` 类现已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2142 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.6" +msgstr "移植到Python 3.6" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2144 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2148 +msgid "Changes in 'python' Command Behavior" +msgstr " 'python' 命令行为的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2150 +msgid "" +"The output of a special Python build with defined ``COUNT_ALLOCS``, " +"``SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT`` or ``SHOW_TRACK_COUNT`` macros is now off by default. " +"It can be re-enabled using the ``-X showalloccount`` option. It now outputs " +"to ``stderr`` instead of ``stdout``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`23034`.)" +msgstr "" +"带有 ``COUNT_ALLOCS``, ``SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT`` 或 ``SHOW_TRACK_COUNT`` 宏定义的特殊 " +"Python 编译版的输出现在默认被关闭。 可以使用 ``-X showalloccount`` 选项重新启用它。 现在它将输出到 ``stderr``" +" 而不是 ``stdout``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`23034` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2158 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2160 +msgid "" +":func:`open() ` will no longer allow combining the ``'U'`` mode flag " +"with ``'+'``. (Contributed by Jeff Balogh and John O'Connor in " +":issue:`2091`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`open() ` 将不再允许组合使用 ``'U'`` 模式旗标与 ``'+'``。 （由 Jeff Balogh 和 John" +" O'Connor 在 :issue:`2091` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2164 +msgid "" +":mod:`sqlite3` no longer implicitly commits an open transaction before DDL " +"statements." +msgstr ":mod:`sqlite3` 将不再隐式地在 DDL 语句之前提交未完成的事务。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2167 +msgid "" +"On Linux, :func:`os.urandom` now blocks until the system urandom entropy " +"pool is initialized to increase the security." +msgstr "在 Linux 上，现在 :func:`os.urandom` 会阻塞直到系统的 urandom 熵池被初始化以提升安全性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"When :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` is defined, " +":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` must also be defined." +msgstr "" +"当 :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module` " +"被定义时，:meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` 也必须被定义。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2173 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyErr_SetImportError` now sets :exc:`TypeError` when its **msg** " +"argument is not set. Previously only ``NULL`` was returned." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyErr_SetImportError` 当其 **msg** 参数未被设置时将设置 :exc:`TypeError`。 " +"在之前版本中仅返回 ``NULL``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2176 +msgid "" +"The format of the :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` attribute of code objects " +"changed to support a negative line number delta. By default, Python does not" +" emit bytecode with a negative line number delta. Functions using " +":attr:`frame.f_lineno`, ``PyFrame_GetLineNumber()`` or " +"``PyCode_Addr2Line()`` are not affected. Functions directly decoding " +":attr:`!co_lnotab` should be updated to use a signed 8-bit integer type for " +"the line number delta, but this is only required to support applications " +"using a negative line number delta. See ``Objects/lnotab_notes.txt`` for the" +" :attr:`!co_lnotab` format and how to decode it, and see the :pep:`511` for " +"the rationale." +msgstr "" +"代码对象的 :attr:`~codeobject.co_lnotab` 属性的格式被修改为支持负行号差值。 在默认情况下，Python " +"不会输出具有负行号差值的字节码。 使用 :attr:`frame.f_lineno`、``PyFrame_GetLineNumber()`` 或 " +"``PyCode_Addr2Line()`` 的函数将不受影响。 直接解码:attr:`!co_lnotab` " +"的函数应当被更新以便为行号差值使用有符号的 8 位整数类型，但这只是对支持使用负行号差值的应用程序的要求。 有关 :attr:`!co_lnotab` " +"格式以及如何对其进行解码的详情参见 ``Objects/lnotab_notes.txt``，相关的理由参见 :pep:`511`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2187 +msgid "" +"The functions in the :mod:`compileall` module now return booleans instead of" +" ``1`` or ``0`` to represent success or failure, respectively. Thanks to " +"booleans being a subclass of integers, this should only be an issue if you " +"were doing identity checks for ``1`` or ``0``. See :issue:`25768`." +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`compileall` 模块中的函数将返回布尔值而不是 ``1`` 或 ``0`` 来分别表示成功或失败。 " +"由于布尔值是整数的子类，这应当只有在你对 ``1`` 或 ``0`` 执行标识号检测时才会出现问题。 参见 :issue:`25768`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2192 +msgid "" +"Reading the :attr:`~urllib.parse.SplitResult.port` attribute of " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` and :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` results now" +" raises :exc:`ValueError` for out-of-range values, rather than returning " +":const:`None`. See :issue:`20059`." +msgstr "" +"现在读取 :func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` 和 :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` 结果的 " +":attr:`~urllib.parse.SplitResult.port` 属性对于超出范围的值将引发 :exc:`ValueError`，而不是返回" +" :const:`None`。 参见 :issue:`20059`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2197 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!imp` module now raises a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` instead of " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!imp` 模块现在将引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 而不是 " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2200 +msgid "" +"The following modules have had missing APIs added to their :attr:`__all__` " +"attributes to match the documented APIs: :mod:`calendar`, :mod:`!cgi`, " +":mod:`csv`, :mod:`~xml.etree.ElementTree`, :mod:`enum`, :mod:`fileinput`, " +":mod:`ftplib`, :mod:`logging`, :mod:`mailbox`, :mod:`mimetypes`, " +":mod:`optparse`, :mod:`plistlib`, :mod:`!smtpd`, :mod:`subprocess`, " +":mod:`tarfile`, :mod:`threading` and :mod:`wave`. This means they will " +"export new symbols when ``import *`` is used. (Contributed by Joel Taddei " +"and Jacek Kołodziej in :issue:`23883`.)" +msgstr "" +"下列模块在其 :attr:`__all__` 属性中添加了缺失的 API 以匹配已写入文档的 API: :mod:`calendar`, " +":mod:`!cgi`, :mod:`csv`, :mod:`~xml.etree.ElementTree`, :mod:`enum`, " +":mod:`fileinput`, :mod:`ftplib`, :mod:`logging`, :mod:`mailbox`, " +":mod:`mimetypes`, :mod:`optparse`, :mod:`plistlib`, :mod:`!smtpd`, " +":mod:`subprocess`, :mod:`tarfile`, :mod:`threading` 和 :mod:`wave`。 这意味着当使用 " +"``import *`` 时它们将会导出新的符号。 （由 Joel Taddei 和 Jacek Kołodziej 在 :issue:`23883` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2211 +msgid "" +"When performing a relative import, if ``__package__`` does not compare equal" +" to ``__spec__.parent`` then :exc:`ImportWarning` is raised. (Contributed by" +" Brett Cannon in :issue:`25791`.)" +msgstr "" +"当执行相对导入时，如果 ``__package__`` 与 ``__spec__.parent`` 的比较结果不相等则会引发 " +":exc:`ImportWarning`。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`25791` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2215 +msgid "" +"When a relative import is performed and no parent package is known, then " +":exc:`ImportError` will be raised. Previously, :exc:`SystemError` could be " +"raised. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`18018`.)" +msgstr "" +"当执行相对导入而上级包未知时，则会引发 :exc:`ImportError`。 在之前版本中，可能会引发 :exc:`SystemError`。 （由 " +"Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`18018` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2219 +msgid "" +"Servers based on the :mod:`socketserver` module, including those defined in " +":mod:`http.server`, :mod:`xmlrpc.server` and :mod:`wsgiref.simple_server`, " +"now only catch exceptions derived from :exc:`Exception`. Therefore if a " +"request handler raises an exception like :exc:`SystemExit` or " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`, :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.handle_error` is " +"no longer called, and the exception will stop a single-threaded server. " +"(Contributed by Martin Panter in :issue:`23430`.)" +msgstr "" +"基于 :mod:`socketserver` 模块的服务器，包括在 :mod:`http.server`, :mod:`xmlrpc.server` 和" +" :mod:`wsgiref.simple_server` 定义的服务器，现在将只捕获派生自 :exc:`Exception` 的异常。 " +"因此如果一个请求处理器引发了 :exc:`SystemExit` 或 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` " +"之类的异常，:meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.handle_error` 不再会被调用，异常将会停止单线程的服务器。 （由" +" Martin Panter 在 :issue:`23430` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2228 +msgid "" +":func:`!spwd.getspnam` now raises a :exc:`PermissionError` instead of " +":exc:`KeyError` if the user doesn't have privileges." +msgstr "" +"如果用户没有权限，:func:`!spwd.getspnam` 现在会引发 :exc:`PermissionError` 而不是 " +":exc:`KeyError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2231 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`socket.socket.close` method now raises an exception if an error " +"(e.g. ``EBADF``) was reported by the underlying system call. (Contributed by" +" Martin Panter in :issue:`26685`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`socket.socket.close` 方法当下层系统调用报告错误 (例如 ``EBADF``) 时将会引发一个异常。 （由 " +"Martin Panter 在 :issue:`26685` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2235 +msgid "" +"The *decode_data* argument for the :class:`!smtpd.SMTPChannel` and " +":class:`!smtpd.SMTPServer` constructors is now ``False`` by default. This " +"means that the argument passed to :meth:`!process_message` is now a bytes " +"object by default, and :meth:`!process_message` will be passed keyword " +"arguments. Code that has already been updated in accordance with the " +"deprecation warning generated by 3.5 will not be affected." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!smtpd.SMTPChannel` 和 :class:`!smtpd.SMTPServer` 构造器的 " +"*decode_data* 参数默认为 ``False``。 这意味着传给 :meth:`!process_message` " +"的参数现在默认为字节串对象，而 :meth:`!process_message` 将被传入关键字参数。 已根据 3.5 " +"所生成的弃用警告进行更新的代码将不会受到影响。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2243 +msgid "" +"All optional arguments of the :func:`~json.dump`, :func:`~json.dumps`, " +":func:`~json.load` and :func:`~json.loads` functions and " +":class:`~json.JSONEncoder` and :class:`~json.JSONDecoder` class constructors" +" in the :mod:`json` module are now :ref:`keyword-only `. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`18726`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`json` 模块中 :func:`~json.dump`, :func:`~json.dumps`, " +":func:`~json.load` 和 :func:`~json.loads` 函数以及 :class:`~json.JSONEncoder` 和 " +":class:`~json.JSONDecoder` 类构造器的所有可选参数都是 :ref:`仅限关键字参数 `。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`18726` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2250 +msgid "" +"Subclasses of :class:`type` which don't override ``type.__new__`` may no " +"longer use the one-argument form to get the type of an object." +msgstr ":class:`type` 的子类如果未重载 ``type.__new__``，将不再能使用一个参数的形式来获取对象的类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2253 +msgid "" +"As part of :pep:`487`, the handling of keyword arguments passed to " +":class:`type` (other than the metaclass hint, ``metaclass``) is now " +"consistently delegated to :meth:`object.__init_subclass__`. This means that " +":meth:`type.__new__` and :meth:`type.__init__` both now accept arbitrary " +"keyword arguments, but :meth:`object.__init_subclass__` (which is called " +"from :meth:`type.__new__`) will reject them by default. Custom metaclasses " +"accepting additional keyword arguments will need to adjust their calls to " +":meth:`type.__new__` (whether direct or via :class:`super`) accordingly." +msgstr "" +"作为 :pep:`487` 的一部分，对传递给 :class:`type` 的关键字参数的处理（元类提示 ``metaclass`` " +"除外）现在统一委托给 :meth:`object.__init_subclass__`。 这意味着 :meth:`type.__new__` 和 " +":meth:`type.__init__` 现在都接受任意的关键字参数，但 :meth:`object.__init_subclass__` （从 " +":meth:`type.__new__` 调用）默认将拒绝它们。 接受额外关键字参数的自定义元类需要相应调整对 :meth:`type.__new__`" +" 的调用（无论是直接调用还是通过 :class:`super` 间接调用）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2262 +msgid "" +"In ``distutils.command.sdist.sdist``, the ``default_format`` attribute has " +"been removed and is no longer honored. Instead, the gzipped tarfile format " +"is the default on all platforms and no platform-specific selection is made. " +"In environments where distributions are built on Windows and zip " +"distributions are required, configure the project with a ``setup.cfg`` file " +"containing the following:" +msgstr "" +"在 ``distutils.command.sdist.sdist`` 中，``default_format`` 属性已被移除而不再被使用。 " +"作为代替，在所有平台上，带 gzip 的 tarfile 格式都是默认的而不会针对特定平台进行选择。 在发行版基于 Windows 构建且需要 zip " +"发行版的环境中，请使用包含以下内容的 ``setup.cfg`` 文件来配置项目：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2270 +msgid "" +"[sdist]\n" +"formats=zip" +msgstr "" +"[sdist]\n" +"formats=zip" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2275 +msgid "" +"This behavior has also been backported to earlier Python versions by " +"Setuptools 26.0.0." +msgstr "此行为已通过 Setuptools 26.0.0 反向移植到更早的 Python 版本中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2278 +msgid "" +"In the :mod:`urllib.request` module and the " +":meth:`http.client.HTTPConnection.request` method, if no Content-Length " +"header field has been specified and the request body is a file object, it is" +" now sent with HTTP 1.1 chunked encoding. If a file object has to be sent to" +" a HTTP 1.0 server, the Content-Length value now has to be specified by the " +"caller. (Contributed by Demian Brecht and Rolf Krahl with tweaks from Martin" +" Panter in :issue:`12319`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`urllib.request` 模块和 :meth:`http.client.HTTPConnection.request` " +"方法中，如果没有指定 Content-Length 标头字段并且请求体是一个文件对象，现在它将使用 HTTP 1.1 分块编码格式发送。 " +"如果必须要将一个文件对象发送给 HTTP 1.0 服务器，那么现在必须由调用方指定 Content-Length 值。 （由 Demian Brecht" +" 和 Rolf Krahl 在 :issue:`12319` 中贡献并由 Martin Panter 进行修改。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2287 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~csv.DictReader` now returns rows of type " +":class:`~collections.OrderedDict`. (Contributed by Steve Holden in " +":issue:`27842`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~csv.DictReader` 将返回类型为 :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` 的行。 （由 " +"Steve Holden 在 :issue:`27842` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2291 +msgid "" +"The :const:`!crypt.METHOD_CRYPT` will no longer be added to " +"``crypt.methods`` if unsupported by the platform. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`25287`.)" +msgstr "" +"在不受平台支持的情况下 :const:`!crypt.METHOD_CRYPT` 将不再被添加到 ``crypt.methods``。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`25287` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"On Linux, :func:`ctypes.util.find_library` now looks in ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` " +"for shared libraries. (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`9998`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Linux 上，:func:`ctypes.util.find_library` 现在会到 ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` 中查找共享库。 " +"（由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`9998` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2303 +msgid "" +"The :class:`imaplib.IMAP4` class now handles flags containing the ``']'`` " +"character in messages sent from the server to improve real-world " +"compatibility. (Contributed by Lita Cho in :issue:`21815`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`imaplib.IMAP4` 类现在可以处理服务器发送的消息中包含 ``']'`` 字符的旗标，以改善在现实世界中的兼容性。 （由 " +"Lita Cho 在 :issue:`21815` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2308 +msgid "" +"The :func:`mmap.write() ` function now returns the number of " +"bytes written like other write methods. (Contributed by Jakub Stasiak in " +":issue:`26335`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`mmap.write() ` 函数将像其他写入方法一样返回写入的字节数。 （由 Jakub Stasiak " +"在 :issue:`26335` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2312 +msgid "" +"The :func:`pkgutil.iter_modules` and :func:`pkgutil.walk_packages` functions" +" now return :class:`~pkgutil.ModuleInfo` named tuples. (Contributed by " +"Ramchandra Apte in :issue:`17211`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`pkgutil.iter_modules` 和 :func:`pkgutil.walk_packages` 函数将返回 " +":class:`~pkgutil.ModuleInfo` 具名元组。 （由 Ramchandra Apte 在 :issue:`17211` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2316 +msgid "" +":func:`re.sub` now raises an error for invalid numerical group references in" +" replacement templates even if the pattern is not found in the string. The " +"error message for invalid group references now includes the group index and " +"the position of the reference. (Contributed by SilentGhost, Serhiy Storchaka" +" in :issue:`25953`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`re.sub` 即使未在字符串中找到模式也会针对替换模板中无效的数字分组引用引发错误。 " +"针对无效分组引用的错误消息现在将包括分组索引和引用位置。 （由 SilentGhost, Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`25953` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2322 +msgid "" +":class:`zipfile.ZipFile` will now raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` for " +"unrecognized compression values. Previously a plain :exc:`RuntimeError` was" +" raised. Additionally, calling :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` methods on a " +"closed ZipFile or calling the :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.write` method on a " +"ZipFile created with mode ``'r'`` will raise a :exc:`ValueError`. " +"Previously, a :exc:`RuntimeError` was raised in those scenarios." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`zipfile.ZipFile` 对于无法识别的压缩值将引发 :exc:`NotImplementedError`。 " +"在之前版本中是引发简单的 :exc:`RuntimeError`。 此外，在已关闭的 ZipFile 上调用 " +":class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` 或者在使用 ``'r'`` 模式创建的 ZipFile 上调用 " +":meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.write` 将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 在之前版本中，对于这些场景是引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2329 +msgid "" +"when custom metaclasses are combined with zero-argument :func:`super` or " +"direct references from methods to the implicit ``__class__`` closure " +"variable, the implicit ``__classcell__`` namespace entry must now be passed " +"up to ``type.__new__`` for initialisation. Failing to do so will result in a" +" :exc:`DeprecationWarning` in Python 3.6 and a :exc:`RuntimeError` in Python" +" 3.8." +msgstr "" +"当自定义元类与零参数的 :func:`super` 或从方法到隐式的 ``__class__`` 闭包变量的直接引用相结合时，隐式的 " +"``__classcell__`` 命名空间条目现在必须传到 ``type.__new__`` 进行初始化。 如果不这样做那么在 Python 3.6 " +"中将会导致 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 而在 Python 3.8 中将会导致 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2336 +msgid "" +"With the introduction of :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`, import system consumers" +" may start expecting import system replacements to raise that more specific " +"exception when appropriate, rather than the less-specific " +":exc:`ImportError`. To provide future compatibility with such consumers, " +"implementers of alternative import systems that completely replace " +":func:`__import__` will need to update their implementations to raise the " +"new subclass when a module can't be found at all. Implementers of compliant " +"plugins to the default import system shouldn't need to make any changes, as " +"the default import system will raise the new subclass when appropriate." +msgstr "" +"随着 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` " +"的引入，导入系统的使用方可能会开始期望导入系统的替代品能在适当的时候引发更具体的异常，而非不够具体的 :exc:`ImportError`。 " +"为了在未来向此类使用方提供兼容性，完全取代 :func:`__import__` " +"的替代导入系统的实现者需要更新其实现以便在完全未找到模块时引发新的异常子类。 " +"兼容默认导入系统的插件的实现者不需要做任何更改，因为默认导入系统会在适当的时候引发新的子类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2348 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2350 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` allocator family now uses the :ref:`pymalloc " +"allocator ` rather than the system :c:func:`malloc`. Applications " +"calling :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` without holding the GIL can now crash. Set " +"the :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable to ``debug`` to validate the" +" usage of memory allocators in your application. See :issue:`26249`." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 分配器族将使用 :ref:`pymalloc 分配器 ` 而不是系统 " +":c:func:`malloc`。 调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 时未持有 GIL 的应用程序现在可能发生崩溃。 请将 " +":envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 环境变量设为 ``debug`` 以便在你的应用程序中验证内存分配器的使用。 参见 " +":issue:`26249`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2356 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_Exit` (and the main interpreter) now override the exit status " +"with 120 if flushing buffered data failed. See :issue:`5319`." +msgstr "" +"现在如果缓冲数据刷新失败 :c:func:`Py_Exit` (以及主解释器) 会将退出状态重写为 120。 参见 :issue:`5319`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2361 +msgid "CPython bytecode changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2363 +msgid "" +"There have been several major changes to the :term:`bytecode` in Python 3.6." +msgstr "在 Python 3.6 中对 :term:`bytecode` 进行了一些重大修改。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2365 +msgid "" +"The Python interpreter now uses a 16-bit wordcode instead of bytecode. " +"(Contributed by Demur Rumed with input and reviews from Serhiy Storchaka and" +" Victor Stinner in :issue:`26647` and :issue:`28050`.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 解释器现在使用 16 位字代码而不是字节代码。 （由 Demur Rumed 在 :issue:`26647` 和 " +":issue:`28050` 中贡献并得到来自 Serhiy Storchaka 和 Victor Stinner 的协助和评估。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2369 +msgid "" +"The new :opcode:`!FORMAT_VALUE` and :opcode:`BUILD_STRING` opcodes as part " +"of the :ref:`formatted string literal ` implementation. " +"(Contributed by Eric Smith in :issue:`25483` and Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`27078`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :opcode:`!FORMAT_VALUE` 和 :opcode:`BUILD_STRING` 操作码作为 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 " +"` 实现的组成部分。 （由 Eric Smith 在 :issue:`25483` 中以及 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`27078` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2374 +msgid "" +"The new :opcode:`BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP` opcode to optimize the creation of " +"dictionaries with constant keys. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`27140`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :opcode:`BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP` 操作码用于优化具有常量键的字典的创建。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`27140` 中创建。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2378 +msgid "" +"The function call opcodes have been heavily reworked for better performance " +"and simpler implementation. The :opcode:`MAKE_FUNCTION`, " +":opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION`, :opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION_KW` and " +":opcode:`!BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL` opcodes have been modified, the new " +":opcode:`CALL_FUNCTION_EX` and :opcode:`!BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK_WITH_CALL` have " +"been added, and ``CALL_FUNCTION_VAR``, ``CALL_FUNCTION_VAR_KW`` and " +"``MAKE_CLOSURE`` opcodes have been removed. (Contributed by Demur Rumed in " +":issue:`27095`, and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`27213`, :issue:`28257`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数调用操作码进行了大幅改进以提升性能并简化实现。 :opcode:`MAKE_FUNCTION`, :opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION`," +" :opcode:`!CALL_FUNCTION_KW` 和 :opcode:`!BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL` " +"操作码已被修改，新增了 :opcode:`CALL_FUNCTION_EX` 和 " +":opcode:`!BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK_WITH_CALL`，并移除了 ``CALL_FUNCTION_VAR``, " +"``CALL_FUNCTION_VAR_KW`` 和 ``MAKE_CLOSURE`` 操作码。 （由 Demur Rumed 在 " +":issue:`27095` 中，以及 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`27213`, :issue:`28257` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2389 +msgid "" +"The new :opcode:`SETUP_ANNOTATIONS` and :opcode:`!STORE_ANNOTATION` opcodes " +"have been added to support the new :term:`variable annotation` syntax. " +"(Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`27985`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :opcode:`SETUP_ANNOTATIONS` 和 :opcode:`!STORE_ANNOTATION` 操作码以支持新的 " +":term:`variable annotation` 语法。 （由 Ivan Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`27985` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2395 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.6.2" +msgstr "Python 3.6.2 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2398 +msgid "New ``make regen-all`` build target" +msgstr "新增 ``make regen-all`` 构建目标" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2400 +msgid "" +"To simplify cross-compilation, and to ensure that CPython can reliably be " +"compiled without requiring an existing version of Python to already be " +"available, the autotools-based build system no longer attempts to implicitly" +" recompile generated files based on file modification times." +msgstr "" +"为了简化交叉编译，并确保 CPython 能够可靠地编译而不需要已存在可用的 Python 版本，基于 autotools " +"的构建系统将不再尝试根据文件修改时间隐式地重新编译已生成的文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2405 +msgid "" +"Instead, a new ``make regen-all`` command has been added to force " +"regeneration of these files when desired (e.g. after an initial version of " +"Python has already been built based on the pregenerated versions)." +msgstr "" +"取而代之的是，新增了一个 ``make regen-all`` 命令以便在需要时强制重新生成这些文件（例如在基于预生成版本构建了 Python " +"的初始版本之后）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2409 +msgid "" +"More selective regeneration targets are also defined - see " +":source:`Makefile.pre.in` for details." +msgstr "还定义了其他一些更具选择性的重生成目标 —— 详情参见 :source:`Makefile.pre.in`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2412 ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2425 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23404`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`23404` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2418 +msgid "Removal of ``make touch`` build target" +msgstr "移除了 ``make touch`` 构建目标" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2420 +msgid "" +"The ``make touch`` build target previously used to request implicit " +"regeneration of generated files by updating their modification times has " +"been removed." +msgstr "之前用于通过更新生成文件的修改时间来请求隐式的重新生成这些文件的 ``make touch`` 构建目标已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2423 +msgid "It has been replaced by the new ``make regen-all`` target." +msgstr "它已被新的 ``make regen-all`` 目标所替代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2431 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.6.4" +msgstr "Python 3.6.4 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2433 +msgid "" +"The ``PyExc_RecursionErrorInst`` singleton that was part of the public API " +"has been removed as its members being never cleared may cause a segfault " +"during finalization of the interpreter. (Contributed by Xavier de Gaye in " +":issue:`22898` and :issue:`30697`.)" +msgstr "" +"曾经作为 API 一部分的 ``PyExc_RecursionErrorInst`` " +"单例已被移除，因为它的成员永远不会被清理，可能在解释器的最终化过程中导致段错误。 （由 Xavier de Gaye 在 :issue:`22898` " +"和 :issue:`30697` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2440 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.6.5" +msgstr "Python 3.6.5 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2442 +msgid "" +"The :func:`locale.localeconv` function now sets temporarily the ``LC_CTYPE``" +" locale to the ``LC_NUMERIC`` locale in some cases. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`31900`.)" +msgstr "" +"在某些情况下 :func:`locale.localeconv` 函数现在会临时将 ``LC_CTYPE`` 语言区域设为 ``LC_NUMERIC``" +" 语言区域。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`31900` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2448 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.6.7" +msgstr "Python 3.6.7 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2450 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` and :mod:`xml.sax` modules no longer process external" +" entities by default. See also :gh:`61441`." +msgstr "" +"在默认情况下 :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 和 :mod:`xml.sax` 模块将不再处理外部实例。 另请参阅 " +":gh:`61441`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2453 +msgid "" +"In 3.6.7 the :mod:`tokenize` module now implicitly emits a ``NEWLINE`` token" +" when provided with input that does not have a trailing new line. This " +"behavior now matches what the C tokenizer does internally. (Contributed by " +"Ammar Askar in :issue:`33899`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 3.6.7 中当提供不带末尾换行符的输入时 :mod:`tokenize` 模块现在会隐式地发出 ``NEWLINE`` 形符。 此行为现在已与 C" +" 分词器的内部行为相匹配。 （由 Ammar Askar 在 :issue:`33899` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2459 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.6.10" +msgstr "Python 3.6.10 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2461 +msgid "" +"Due to significant security concerns, the *reuse_address* parameter of " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` is no longer supported. This " +"is because of the behavior of the socket option ``SO_REUSEADDR`` in UDP. For" +" more details, see the documentation for " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()``. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley, Antoine " +"Pitrou, and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`37228`.)" +msgstr "" +"出于重要的安全性考量，:meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 的 *reuse_address* " +"形参不再被支持。 这是由 UDP 中的套接字选项 ``SO_REUSEADDR`` 的行为导致的。 更多细节请参阅 " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()`` 的文档。 （由 Kyle Stanley, Antoine Pitrou 和 " +"Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`37228` 中贡献。。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2469 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.6.13" +msgstr "Python 3.6.13 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2471 +msgid "" +"Earlier Python versions allowed using both ``;`` and ``&`` as query " +"parameter separators in :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl`. Due to security concerns, and to conform " +"with newer W3C recommendations, this has been changed to allow only a single" +" separator key, with ``&`` as the default. This change also affects " +":func:`!cgi.parse` and :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` as they use the affected" +" functions internally. For more details, please see their respective " +"documentation. (Contributed by Adam Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran and Ken Jin" +" in :issue:`42967`.)" +msgstr "" +"较早的 Python 版本允许同时使用 ``;`` 和 ``&`` 作为 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` 和 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` 中查询形参的分隔符。 出于安全考虑，并遵循新版的 W3C " +"建议，这已被更改为只允许一种分隔符，默认为 ``&``。 这一改变也会影响 :func:`!cgi.parse` 和 " +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` 因为它们在内部使用了受影响的函数。 要了解更多细节，请参阅相应的文档。 （由 Adam " +"Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran 和 Ken Jin 在 :issue:`42967` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2482 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.6.14" +msgstr "Python 3.6.14 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2484 +msgid "" +"A security fix alters the :class:`ftplib.FTP` behavior to not trust the IPv4" +" address sent from the remote server when setting up a passive data channel." +" We reuse the ftp server IP address instead. For unusual code requiring " +"the old behavior, set a ``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` attribute on your" +" FTP instance to ``True``. (See :gh:`87451`)" +msgstr "" +"新的安全修正将 :class:`ftplib.FTP` 的行为改成当设置被动数据通道时不信任远程服务器所发送的 IPv4 地址。 我们会改为重用 ftp" +" 服务器的 IP 地址。 对于需要原先的行为的不常见代码，请在你的 FTP 实例上将 " +"``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` 属性设为 ``True``。 （参见 :gh:`87451`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.6.rst:2490 +msgid "" +"The presence of newline or tab characters in parts of a URL allows for some " +"forms of attacks. Following the WHATWG specification that updates RFC 3986, " +"ASCII newline ``\\n``, ``\\r`` and tab ``\\t`` characters are stripped from " +"the URL by the parser :func:`urllib.parse` preventing such attacks. The " +"removal characters are controlled by a new module level variable " +"``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE``. (See :gh:`88048`)" +msgstr "" +"在 URL 中存在换行符或制表符可能会导致某种形式的攻击。 根据更新了 RFC 3986 的 WHATWG 规范，解析器 " +":func:`urllib.parse` 将从 URL 中去除 ASCII 换行符 ``\\n``, ``\\r`` 和制表符 ``\\t`` " +"以防止这种攻击。 移除的字符将由一个新的模块层级变量 ``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE`` 来控制。" +" （参见 :gh:`88048`。）" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.7.po b/whatsnew/3.7.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2e20e87c --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.7.po @@ -0,0 +1,4695 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# sgqy , 2021 +# ww song , 2021 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.7" +msgstr "Python 3.7 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:0 +msgid "Editor" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:5 +msgid "Elvis Pranskevichus " +msgstr "Elvis Pranskevichus " + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.7, compared to 3.6. " +"Python 3.7 was released on June 27, 2018. For full details, see the " +":ref:`changelog `." +msgstr "" +"本文解释了 Python 3.7 相比 3.6 的新增特性。Python 3.7 于 2018 年 6 月 27 日发布。完整的详情可参阅 " +":ref:`更新日志 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:53 +msgid "Summary -- Release Highlights" +msgstr "摘要 - 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:58 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:60 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 563 `, postponed evaluation of type " +"annotations." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 563 `，类型标注延迟求值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:62 +msgid "Backwards incompatible syntax changes:" +msgstr "向后不兼容的语法更改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:64 +msgid ":keyword:`async` and :keyword:`await` are now reserved keywords." +msgstr ":keyword:`async` 和 :keyword:`await` 现在是保留的关键字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:66 +msgid "New library modules:" +msgstr "新的库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:68 +msgid "" +":mod:`contextvars`: :ref:`PEP 567 -- Context Variables `" +msgstr ":mod:`contextvars`: :ref:`PEP 567 -- 上下文变量 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:69 +msgid ":mod:`dataclasses`: :ref:`PEP 557 -- Data Classes `" +msgstr ":mod:`dataclasses`: :ref:`PEP 557 -- 数据类 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:70 +msgid ":ref:`whatsnew37_importlib_resources`" +msgstr ":ref:`whatsnew37_importlib_resources`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:72 +msgid "New built-in features:" +msgstr "新的内置特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:74 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 553 `, the new :func:`breakpoint` function." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 553 `, 新的 :func:`breakpoint` 函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:76 +msgid "Python data model improvements:" +msgstr "对 Python 数据模型的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:78 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 562 `, customization of access to module " +"attributes." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 562 `, 自定义可访问的模块属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:81 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 560 `, core support for typing module and " +"generic types." +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 560 `, typing模块和泛型类型的核心支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:84 +msgid "" +"the insertion-order preservation nature of :ref:`dict ` " +"objects `has been declared`_ to be an official part of the Python language " +"spec." +msgstr "" +":ref:`dict ` 对象会保持插入时的顺序这个特性 `正式宣布`_ 成为 Python 语言官方规范的一部分。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:90 +msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:" +msgstr "标准库中的重大改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:92 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` module has received new features, significant " +":ref:`usability and performance improvements `." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 模块添加了新的功能，重大改进请参阅 :ref:`可用性与性能提升 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:95 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`time` module gained support for :ref:`functions with nanosecond " +"resolution `." +msgstr ":mod:`time` 模块现在提供 :ref:`纳秒级精度函数 ` 的支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:98 +msgid "CPython implementation improvements:" +msgstr "CPython 实现的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:100 +msgid "Avoiding the use of ASCII as a default text encoding:" +msgstr "避免使用 ASCII 作为默认的文本编码：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:102 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 538 `, legacy C locale coercion" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 538 `，传统 C 区域强制转换" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:103 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 540 `, forced UTF-8 runtime mode" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 540 `，强制 UTF-8 运行时模式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:104 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 552 `, deterministic .pycs" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 552 `，确定性的 .pyc 文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:105 +msgid ":ref:`New Python Development Mode `" +msgstr ":ref:`新的 Python 开发模式 `" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:106 +msgid "" +":ref:`PEP 565 `, improved :exc:`DeprecationWarning` " +"handling" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 565 `，改进的 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 处理" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:109 +msgid "C API improvements:" +msgstr "C API 的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:111 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 539 `, new C API for thread-local storage" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 539 `，用于线程本地存储的新 C API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:113 +msgid "Documentation improvements:" +msgstr "文档的改进：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:115 +msgid ":ref:`PEP 545 `, Python documentation translations" +msgstr ":ref:`PEP 545 `, Python 文档翻译" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:116 +msgid "" +"New documentation translations: `Japanese `_, " +"`French `_, and `Korean " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"新的文档翻译：`Japanese `_，`French " +"`_ 和 `Korean `_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:120 +msgid "" +"This release features notable performance improvements in many areas. The " +":ref:`whatsnew37-perf` section lists them in detail." +msgstr "此版本在诸多方面有显著的性能改进。:ref:`whatsnew37-perf` 章节详细列出了它们。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:123 +msgid "" +"For a list of changes that may affect compatibility with previous Python " +"releases please refer to the :ref:`porting-to-python-37` section." +msgstr "和之前的 Python 版本存在兼容性的更改列表，请参阅 :ref:`porting-to-python-37` 章节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:128 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:133 +msgid "PEP 563: Postponed Evaluation of Annotations" +msgstr "PEP 563：延迟的标注求值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:135 +msgid "" +"The advent of type hints in Python uncovered two glaring usability issues " +"with the functionality of annotations added in :pep:`3107` and refined " +"further in :pep:`526`:" +msgstr "" +"随着 :pep:`3107` 加入标注功能并在 :pep:`526` 进一步细化，Python 中类型提示的出现揭示了两个明显的可用性问题：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:139 +msgid "" +"annotations could only use names which were already available in the current" +" scope, in other words they didn't support forward references of any kind; " +"and" +msgstr "标注只能使用在当前作用域中已经存在的名称，也就是说，它们不支持任何形式的前向引用；而且——" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:143 +msgid "" +"annotating source code had adverse effects on startup time of Python " +"programs." +msgstr "标注源码对 Python 程序的启动时间有不利的影响。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:146 +msgid "" +"Both of these issues are fixed by postponing the evaluation of annotations." +" Instead of compiling code which executes expressions in annotations at " +"their definition time, the compiler stores the annotation in a string form " +"equivalent to the AST of the expression in question. If needed, annotations " +"can be resolved at runtime using :func:`typing.get_type_hints`. In the " +"common case where this is not required, the annotations are cheaper to store" +" (since short strings are interned by the interpreter) and make startup time" +" faster." +msgstr "" +"这两个问题都可以通过延迟标注求值来解决。在定义标注的时候，编译器并不会编译执行相应表达式的代码，而是保存与相应表达式的 AST " +"等价的字符串形式。如果有需要，标注可以在运行时使用 :func:`typing.get_type_hints` " +"进行解析。在不需要这种解析的通常情况下，标注的存储成本更低（因为解析器只需处理较短的字符串）且启动时间更短。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:155 +msgid "" +"Usability-wise, annotations now support forward references, making the " +"following syntax valid::" +msgstr "在可用性方面，标注现在支持向前引用，以使以下句法有效::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:158 +msgid "" +"class C:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def from_string(cls, source: str) -> C:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def validate_b(self, obj: B) -> bool:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class B:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"class C:\n" +" @classmethod\n" +" def from_string(cls, source: str) -> C:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +" def validate_b(self, obj: B) -> bool:\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"class B:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:169 +msgid "" +"Since this change breaks compatibility, the new behavior needs to be enabled" +" on a per-module basis in Python 3.7 using a :mod:`__future__` import::" +msgstr "" +"由于此修改会破坏兼容性，在 Python 3.7 中此种新的行为需要在每个模块层级上使用 :mod:`__future__` 导入来启用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:172 +msgid "from __future__ import annotations" +msgstr "from __future__ import annotations" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:174 +msgid "It will become the default in Python 3.10." +msgstr "它将在 Python 3.10 中成为默认行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:178 +msgid ":pep:`563` -- Postponed evaluation of annotations" +msgstr ":pep:`563` -- 延迟的标注求值" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:179 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "PEP 由 Łukasz Langa 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:185 +msgid "PEP 538: Legacy C Locale Coercion" +msgstr "PEP 538: 传统 C 区域强制转换" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:187 +msgid "" +"An ongoing challenge within the Python 3 series has been determining a " +"sensible default strategy for handling the \"7-bit ASCII\" text encoding " +"assumption currently implied by the use of the default C or POSIX locale on " +"non-Windows platforms." +msgstr "" +"Python 3 系列有一个持续的挑战就是为处理 7 比特位 ASCII 文本的假定编码确定合理的默认策略，目前的设定是在非 Windows " +"平台上使用默认的 C 或 POSIX 区域设置。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:192 +msgid "" +":pep:`538` updates the default interpreter command line interface to " +"automatically coerce that locale to an available UTF-8 based locale as " +"described in the documentation of the new :envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` " +"environment variable. Automatically setting ``LC_CTYPE`` this way means that" +" both the core interpreter and locale-aware C extensions (such as " +":mod:`readline`) will assume the use of UTF-8 as the default text encoding, " +"rather than ASCII." +msgstr "" +":pep:`538` 更新了默认的解释器命令行接口，以自动将上述区域强制转换为可用的基于 UTF-8 的区域，具体描述可参见有关新增环境变量 " +":envvar:`PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` 的文档。 以这种方式自动设置 ``LC_CTYPE`` 意味着核心解释器和能感知区域的 C " +"扩展 (例如 :mod:`readline`) 都将会假定 UTF-8 已被用作默认的文本编码，而不再是 ASCII。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:200 +msgid "" +"The platform support definition in :pep:`11` has also been updated to limit " +"full text handling support to suitably configured non-ASCII based locales." +msgstr ":pep:`11` 中的平台支持定义也已被更新以限制完整文本处理支持适当配置的基于非 ASCII 的语言区域。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:203 +msgid "" +"As part of this change, the default error handler for :data:`~sys.stdin` and" +" :data:`~sys.stdout` is now ``surrogateescape`` (rather than ``strict``) " +"when using any of the defined coercion target locales (currently " +"``C.UTF-8``, ``C.utf8``, and ``UTF-8``). The default error handler for " +":data:`~sys.stderr` continues to be ``backslashreplace``, regardless of " +"locale." +msgstr "" +"作为此更改的一部分，当使用任何已定义的强制转换目标区域时 (目前为 ``C.UTF-8``, ``C.utf8`` 和 ``UTF-8``) " +":data:`~sys.stdin` 和 :data:`~sys.stdout` 默认的处理器现在将为 ``surrogateescape`` (而不是" +" ``strict``)。 而无论是什么区域，:data:`~sys.stderr` 默认的处理器仍为 ``backslashreplace``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:209 +msgid "" +"Locale coercion is silent by default, but to assist in debugging potentially" +" locale related integration problems, explicit warnings (emitted directly on" +" :data:`~sys.stderr`) can be requested by setting " +"``PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn``. This setting will also cause the Python " +"runtime to emit a warning if the legacy C locale remains active when the " +"core interpreter is initialized." +msgstr "" +"默认情况下区域强制转换会静默进行，但为了辅助调试潜在的区域相关集成问题，可以通过设置 ``PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn`` " +"来请求显式地启用警告信息（直接在 :data:`~sys.stderr` 上发出）。 此设置还会使得 Python 运行时在核心解释器初始化时如果传统 " +"C 区域仍然处于激活状态时发出警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:215 +msgid "" +"While :pep:`538`'s locale coercion has the benefit of also affecting " +"extension modules (such as GNU ``readline``), as well as child processes " +"(including those running non-Python applications and older versions of " +"Python), it has the downside of requiring that a suitable target locale be " +"present on the running system. To better handle the case where no suitable " +"target locale is available (as occurs on RHEL/CentOS 7, for example), Python" +" 3.7 also implements :ref:`whatsnew37-pep540`." +msgstr "" +"虽然 :pep:`538` 的区域强制转换的好处在于它还会同时影响扩展模块 (例如 GNU ``readline``) 以及子进程 (包括运行非 " +"Python 应用和旧版本 Python 的子进程)，但它也存在需要所运行系统必须存在适合的目标区域的缺点。 为了更好地处理没有可用适合的目标区域的情况" +" (例如在 RHEL/CentOS 7 上就会出现此情况)，Python 3.7 还实现了 :ref:`whatsnew37-pep540`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:225 +msgid ":pep:`538` -- Coercing the legacy C locale to a UTF-8 based locale" +msgstr ":pep:`538` -- 强制转换传统 C 区域到基于 UTF-8 的区域" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:226 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "PEP 由 Nick Coghlan 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:232 +msgid "PEP 540: Forced UTF-8 Runtime Mode" +msgstr "PEP 540: 强制 UTF-8 运行时模式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:234 +msgid "" +"The new :option:`-X` ``utf8`` command line option and :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` " +"environment variable can be used to enable the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode " +"`." +msgstr "" +"新的 :option:`-X` ``utf8`` 命令行选项和 :envvar:`PYTHONUTF8` 环境变量可被用来启用 :ref:`Python" +" UTF-8 模式 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:238 +msgid "" +"When in UTF-8 mode, CPython ignores the locale settings, and uses the UTF-8 " +"encoding by default. The error handlers for :data:`sys.stdin` and " +":data:`sys.stdout` streams are set to ``surrogateescape``." +msgstr "" +"当处于 UTF-8 模式时，CPython 会忽略区域设置，并默认使用 UTF-8 编码。 用于 :data:`sys.stdin` 和 " +":data:`sys.stdout` 流的错误处理器将设置为 ``surrogateescape``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:242 +msgid "" +"The forced UTF-8 mode can be used to change the text handling behavior in an" +" embedded Python interpreter without changing the locale settings of an " +"embedding application." +msgstr "强制 UTF-8 模式可被用来在嵌入的 Python 解释器中改变文本处理行为，而不会改变嵌入方应用的区域设置。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:246 +msgid "" +"While :pep:`540`'s UTF-8 mode has the benefit of working regardless of which" +" locales are available on the running system, it has the downside of having " +"no effect on extension modules (such as GNU ``readline``), child processes " +"running non-Python applications, and child processes running older versions " +"of Python. To reduce the risk of corrupting text data when communicating " +"with such components, Python 3.7 also implements :ref:`whatsnew37-pep540`)." +msgstr "" +":pep:`540` 的 UTF-8 模式的好处是不必关心运行所在系统中有哪些可用区域即可工作，但它也存在对扩展模块 (例如 GNU " +"``readline``)、运行非 Python 应用的子进程以及运行旧版本 Python 的子进程不起作用的缺点。 " +"为了减小与这些组件通信时破坏文本数据的风险，Python 3.7 还实现了 :ref:`whatsnew37-pep540`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:253 +msgid "" +"The UTF-8 mode is enabled by default when the locale is ``C`` or ``POSIX``, " +"and the :pep:`538` locale coercion feature fails to change it to a UTF-8 " +"based alternative (whether that failure is due to ``PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0`` " +"being set, ``LC_ALL`` being set, or the lack of a suitable target locale)." +msgstr "" +"UTF-8 模式在语言区域为 ``C`` 或 ``POSIX`` 并且 :pep:`538` 区域强制转换特性无法将其修改为某种基于 UTF-8 " +"的替代项时会被默认启用（无论修改失败是由于设置了 ``PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0``, ``LC_ALL`` " +"还是由于缺少适合的目标区域）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:260 +msgid ":pep:`540` -- Add a new UTF-8 mode" +msgstr ":pep:`540` -- 增加了新的 UTF-8 模式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:261 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:363 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Victor Stinner" +msgstr "PEP 由 Victor Stinner 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:267 +msgid "PEP 553: Built-in ``breakpoint()``" +msgstr "PEP 553: 内置的 ``breakpoint()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:269 +msgid "" +"Python 3.7 includes the new built-in :func:`breakpoint` function as an easy " +"and consistent way to enter the Python debugger." +msgstr "Python 3.7 包含了新的内置 :func:`breakpoint` 函数，作为一种简单方便地进入 Python 调试器的方式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:272 +msgid "" +"Built-in ``breakpoint()`` calls :func:`sys.breakpointhook`. By default, the" +" latter imports :mod:`pdb` and then calls ``pdb.set_trace()``, but by " +"binding ``sys.breakpointhook()`` to the function of your choosing, " +"``breakpoint()`` can enter any debugger. Additionally, the environment " +"variable :envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT` can be set to the callable of your " +"debugger of choice. Set ``PYTHONBREAKPOINT=0`` to completely disable built-" +"in ``breakpoint()``." +msgstr "" +"内置 ``breakpoint()`` 会调用 :func:`sys.breakpointhook`。 在默认情况下后者会导入 :mod:`pdb` " +"然后再调用 ``pdb.set_trace()``，但是通过将 ``sys.breakpointhook()`` " +"绑定到你选定的函数，``breakpoint()`` 可以进入任何调试器。 此外，环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONBREAKPOINT` " +"可被设置为你选定的调试器的可调用对象。 设置 ``PYTHONBREAKPOINT=0`` 会完全禁用内置 ``breakpoint()``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:282 +msgid ":pep:`553` -- Built-in breakpoint()" +msgstr ":pep:`553` -- 内置的 breakpoint()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:283 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Barry Warsaw" +msgstr "PEP 由 Barry Warsaw 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:289 +msgid "PEP 539: New C API for Thread-Local Storage" +msgstr "PEP 539: 用于线程局部存储的新 C API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:291 +msgid "" +"While Python provides a C API for thread-local storage support; the existing" +" :ref:`Thread Local Storage (TLS) API ` has used " +":c:expr:`int` to represent TLS keys across all platforms. This has not " +"generally been a problem for officially support platforms, but that is " +"neither POSIX-compliant, nor portable in any practical sense." +msgstr "" +"虽然 Python 提供了用于线程存储支持的 C API；但原有的 :ref:`线程局部存储 (TLS) API ` 已使用 :c:expr:`int` 来表示所有平台上的 TLS 密钥。 对于官方支持的平台而言这通常不是问题，但这即不符合 " +"POSIX 标准，也不具备任何实际意义上的可移植性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:297 +msgid "" +":pep:`539` changes this by providing a new :ref:`Thread Specific Storage " +"(TSS) API ` to CPython which supersedes use of " +"the existing TLS API within the CPython interpreter, while deprecating the " +"existing API. The TSS API uses a new type :c:type:`Py_tss_t` instead of " +":c:expr:`int` to represent TSS keys--an opaque type the definition of which " +"may depend on the underlying TLS implementation. Therefore, this will allow" +" to build CPython on platforms where the native TLS key is defined in a way " +"that cannot be safely cast to :c:expr:`int`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`539` 通过向 CPython 提供一个取代 CPython 解释器内部的现有 TLS API 的使用的新的 :ref:`线程专属存储 " +"(TSS) API ` 来改变这一点，同时弃用了现有的 API。 TSS API " +"使用一种新类型 :c:type:`Py_tss_t` 而非 :c:expr:`int` 来表示 TSS 密钥 -- 这是一种具体定义依赖于下层 TLS " +"实现的不透明类型。 因此，这将允许在以无法安全地转换为 :c:expr:`int` 的方式定义原生 TLS 密钥的平台上构建 CPython。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:306 +msgid "" +"Note that on platforms where the native TLS key is defined in a way that " +"cannot be safely cast to :c:expr:`int`, all functions of the existing TLS " +"API will be no-op and immediately return failure. This indicates clearly " +"that the old API is not supported on platforms where it cannot be used " +"reliably, and that no effort will be made to add such support." +msgstr "" +"请注意在 TLS 密钥定义方式使其无法被安全地转换为 :c:expr:`int` 的平台上，现有 TLS API " +"中的全部函数将无法执行并会立即返回失败信息。 这样可以清楚地表明原有 API 在无法可选使用的平台上不受支持，并且也不准备添加此种支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:314 +msgid ":pep:`539` -- A New C-API for Thread-Local Storage in CPython" +msgstr ":pep:`539` -- 在 CPython 中用于线程局部存储的新 C-API" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:315 +msgid "PEP written by Erik M. Bray; implementation by Masayuki Yamamoto." +msgstr "PEP 由 Erik M. Bray 撰写；由 Masayuki Yamamoto 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:321 +msgid "PEP 562: Customization of Access to Module Attributes" +msgstr "PEP 562: 定制对模块属性的访问" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:323 +msgid "" +"Python 3.7 allows defining :meth:`__getattr__` on modules and will call it " +"whenever a module attribute is otherwise not found. Defining " +":meth:`__dir__` on modules is now also allowed." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.7 允许在模块上定义 :meth:`__getattr__` 并且当以其他方式找不到某个模块属性时将会调用它。 在模块上定义 " +":meth:`__dir__` 现在也是允许的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:327 +msgid "" +"A typical example of where this may be useful is module attribute " +"deprecation and lazy loading." +msgstr "一个典型的可能有用的例子是已弃用模块属性和惰性加载。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:332 +msgid ":pep:`562` -- Module ``__getattr__`` and ``__dir__``" +msgstr ":pep:`562` -- 模块的 ``__getattr__`` 和 ``__dir__``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:333 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:422 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Ivan Levkivskyi" +msgstr "PEP 由 Ivan Levkivskyi 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:339 +msgid "PEP 564: New Time Functions With Nanosecond Resolution" +msgstr "PEP 564: 具有纳秒级精度的新时间函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:341 +msgid "" +"The resolution of clocks in modern systems can exceed the limited precision " +"of a floating-point number returned by the :func:`time.time` function and " +"its variants. To avoid loss of precision, :pep:`564` adds six new " +"\"nanosecond\" variants of the existing timer functions to the :mod:`time` " +"module:" +msgstr "" +"现代系统的时钟精度可以超过由 :func:`time.time` 函数及其变化形式所返回的浮点数的有限精度。 为了避免精度损失，:pep:`564` 在" +" :mod:`time` 模块中增加了原有计时器函数的六个新“纳秒版”变化形式:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:347 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1451 +msgid ":func:`time.clock_gettime_ns`" +msgstr ":func:`time.clock_gettime_ns`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:348 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1452 +msgid ":func:`time.clock_settime_ns`" +msgstr ":func:`time.clock_settime_ns`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:349 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1453 +msgid ":func:`time.monotonic_ns`" +msgstr ":func:`time.monotonic_ns`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:350 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1454 +msgid ":func:`time.perf_counter_ns`" +msgstr ":func:`time.perf_counter_ns`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:351 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1455 +msgid ":func:`time.process_time_ns`" +msgstr ":func:`time.process_time_ns`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:352 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1456 +msgid ":func:`time.time_ns`" +msgstr ":func:`time.time_ns`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:354 +msgid "" +"The new functions return the number of nanoseconds as an integer value." +msgstr "这些新函数会以整数值的形式返回纳秒数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:356 +msgid "" +":pep:`Measurements <0564#annex-clocks-resolution-in-python>` show that on " +"Linux and Windows the resolution of :func:`time.time_ns` is approximately 3 " +"times better than that of :func:`time.time`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`测量结果 <0564#annex-clocks-resolution-in-python>` 显示在 Linux 和 Windows 上 " +":func:`time.time_ns` 的精度相比 :func:`time.time` 大约高出 3 倍。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:362 +msgid ":pep:`564` -- Add new time functions with nanosecond resolution" +msgstr ":pep:`564` -- 增加具有纳秒级精度的新时间函数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:369 +msgid "PEP 565: Show DeprecationWarning in ``__main__``" +msgstr "PEP 565: 在 ``__main__`` 中显示 DeprecationWarning" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:371 +msgid "" +"The default handling of :exc:`DeprecationWarning` has been changed such that" +" these warnings are once more shown by default, but only when the code " +"triggering them is running directly in the :mod:`__main__` module. As a " +"result, developers of single file scripts and those using Python " +"interactively should once again start seeing deprecation warnings for the " +"APIs they use, but deprecation warnings triggered by imported application, " +"library and framework modules will continue to be hidden by default." +msgstr "" +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 的默认处理方式已经被更改，这此警告默认只显示一次，仅有当直接在 :mod:`__main__` " +"模块中运行的代码触发它们时才会再次显示。 因此，单文件脚本开发者以及 Python 交互模式使用者应该会再次开始看到针对他们所使用 API " +"的已弃用警告，但被导入应用、库和框架模块所触发的已弃用警告默认将继续隐藏。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:379 +msgid "" +"As a result of this change, the standard library now allows developers to " +"choose between three different deprecation warning behaviours:" +msgstr "作为此项更改的结果，标准库现在允许开发者在三种不同的已弃用警告行为之间进行选择:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:382 +msgid "" +":exc:`FutureWarning`: always displayed by default, recommended for warnings " +"intended to be seen by application end users (e.g. for deprecated " +"application configuration settings)." +msgstr "" +":exc:`FutureWarning`: 默认情况下总是会显示，建议用于应用程序最终用户应该看到的警告信息（例如对于已弃用的应用程序配置的设置选项）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:385 +msgid "" +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`: displayed by default only in :mod:`__main__` and " +"when running tests, recommended for warnings intended to be seen by other " +"Python developers where a version upgrade may result in changed behaviour or" +" an error." +msgstr "" +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`: 默认情况下仅在 :mod:`__main__` 中以及当运行测试时会显示，建议用于其他 " +"Python 开发者应该看到的警告信息，提示版本升级可能导致行为改变或者错误。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:389 +msgid "" +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`: displayed by default only when running " +"tests, intended for cases where a future version upgrade will change the " +"warning category to :exc:`DeprecationWarning` or :exc:`FutureWarning`." +msgstr "" +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`: 默认情况下仅在运行测试时会显示，可用于提示未来版本升级将会改变警告类别为 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 或 :exc:`FutureWarning` 的情况。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:393 +msgid "" +"Previously both :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` were only visible when running tests, which" +" meant that developers primarily writing single file scripts or using Python" +" interactively could be surprised by breaking changes in the APIs they used." +msgstr "" +"在此之前 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 和 :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` " +"都仅在运行测试时可见，这意味着主要编写单文件脚本或使用 Python 交互模式的开发者可能会因他们所用 API 突然出现的改变而感到惊讶。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:400 +msgid ":pep:`565` -- Show DeprecationWarning in ``__main__``" +msgstr ":pep:`565` -- 在 ``__main__`` 中显示 DeprecationWarning" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:401 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Nick Coghlan" +msgstr "PEP 由 Nick Coghlan 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:407 +msgid "PEP 560: Core Support for ``typing`` module and Generic Types" +msgstr "PEP 560: 对 ``typing`` 模块和泛型类型的核心支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:409 +msgid "" +"Initially :pep:`484` was designed in such way that it would not introduce " +"*any* changes to the core CPython interpreter. Now type hints and the " +":mod:`typing` module are extensively used by the community, so this " +"restriction is removed. The PEP introduces two special methods " +":meth:`__class_getitem__` and ``__mro_entries__``, these methods are now " +"used by most classes and special constructs in :mod:`typing`. As a result, " +"the speed of various operations with types increased up to 7 times, the " +"generic types can be used without metaclass conflicts, and several long " +"standing bugs in :mod:`typing` module are fixed." +msgstr "" +":pep:`484` 最初的设计方式使其不会向核心 CPython 解释器引入 *任何* 更改。 现在类型提示和 :mod:`typing` " +"模块已被社区广泛使用，因此这个限制已被取消。 这个 PEP 引入了两个特殊方法 :meth:`__class_getitem__` 和 " +"``__mro_entries__``，这些方法现在被 :mod:`typing` 中的大多数类和特殊构造所使用。 " +"结果就是与类型相关的各类操作的速度提升了 7 倍，泛型类型可以在没有元类冲突的情况下被使用，而 :mod:`typing` " +"模块中几个长期存在的错误也已被修正。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:421 +msgid ":pep:`560` -- Core support for typing module and generic types" +msgstr ":pep:`560` -- 对 typing 模块和泛型类型的核心支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:428 +msgid "PEP 552: Hash-based .pyc Files" +msgstr "PEP 552: 基于哈希值的 .pyc 文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:430 +msgid "" +"Python has traditionally checked the up-to-dateness of bytecode cache files " +"(i.e., ``.pyc`` files) by comparing the source metadata (last-modified " +"timestamp and size) with source metadata saved in the cache file header when" +" it was generated. While effective, this invalidation method has its " +"drawbacks. When filesystem timestamps are too coarse, Python can miss " +"source updates, leading to user confusion. Additionally, having a timestamp " +"in the cache file is problematic for `build reproducibility " +"`_ and content-based build systems." +msgstr "" +"传统上 Python 检查字节码缓存文件 (即 ``.pyc`` 文件) 是否最新的方式是通过对源码元数据 " +"(最后更改的时间戳和大小）和生成缓存时保存在其文件头中的源码元数据进行比较。 这种检查方法虽然有效，但也存在缺点。 " +"当文件系统的时间戳太粗糙时，Python 有可能错过源码更新，导致用户感到困惑。 此外，在缓存文件中存在时间戳对于 `构建可再现 " +"`_ 并且基于内容的构建系统来说是有问题的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:439 +msgid "" +":pep:`552` extends the pyc format to allow the hash of the source file to be" +" used for invalidation instead of the source timestamp. Such ``.pyc`` files " +"are called \"hash-based\". By default, Python still uses timestamp-based " +"invalidation and does not generate hash-based ``.pyc`` files at runtime. " +"Hash-based ``.pyc`` files may be generated with :mod:`py_compile` or " +":mod:`compileall`." +msgstr "" +":pep:`552` 扩展了 pyc 格式以允许使用源文件的哈希值而非源文件的时间戳来检查有效性。 这种 ``.pyc`` 文件就称为“基于哈希值的”。" +" 默认情况下，Python 仍然使用基于时间戳的有效性检查，不会在运行时生成基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` 文件。 基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` " +"文件可以使用 :mod:`py_compile` 或 :mod:`compileall` 来生成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:445 +msgid "" +"Hash-based ``.pyc`` files come in two variants: checked and unchecked. " +"Python validates checked hash-based ``.pyc`` files against the corresponding" +" source files at runtime but doesn't do so for unchecked hash-based pycs. " +"Unchecked hash-based ``.pyc`` files are a useful performance optimization " +"for environments where a system external to Python (e.g., the build system) " +"is responsible for keeping ``.pyc`` files up-to-date." +msgstr "" +"基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` 文件包含两种变体：已选定和未选定。 Python 会在运行时针对相应源码文件验证已选定基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` " +"文件，但对未选定基于哈希值的 pyc 文件则不会这样做。 未选定基于哈希值的 ``.pyc`` 文件对于需要由 Python " +"外部的系统（例如构建系统）负责使 ``.pyc`` 文件保持最新的环境来说是一种有用的性能优化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:452 +msgid "See :ref:`pyc-invalidation` for more information." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`pyc-invalidation` 了解更多信息。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:456 +msgid ":pep:`552` -- Deterministic pycs" +msgstr ":pep:`552` -- 确定性的 pyc 文件" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:457 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Benjamin Peterson" +msgstr "PEP 由 Benjamin Peterson 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:463 +msgid "PEP 545: Python Documentation Translations" +msgstr "PEP 545: Python 文档翻译" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:465 +msgid "" +":pep:`545` describes the process of creating and maintaining Python " +"documentation translations." +msgstr ":pep:`545` 描述了创建和维护 Python 文档翻译的整个过程。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:468 +msgid "Three new translations have been added:" +msgstr "新增了三个新的翻译版本:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:470 +msgid "Japanese: https://docs.python.org/ja/" +msgstr "日语: https://docs.python.org/ja/" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:471 +msgid "French: https://docs.python.org/fr/" +msgstr "法语: https://docs.python.org/fr/" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:472 +msgid "Korean: https://docs.python.org/ko/" +msgstr "韩语: https://docs.python.org/ko/" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:476 +msgid ":pep:`545` -- Python Documentation Translations" +msgstr ":pep:`545` -- Python 文档翻译" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:477 +msgid "" +"PEP written and implemented by Julien Palard, Inada Naoki, and Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "PEP 由 Julien Palard, Inada Naoki 和 Victor Stinner 撰写并实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:484 +msgid "Python Development Mode (-X dev)" +msgstr "Python 开发模式 (-X dev)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:486 +msgid "" +"The new :option:`-X` ``dev`` command line option or the new " +":envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE` environment variable can be used to enable " +":ref:`Python Development Mode `. When in development mode, Python " +"performs additional runtime checks that are too expensive to be enabled by " +"default. See :ref:`Python Development Mode ` documentation for the " +"full description." +msgstr "" +"新的 :option:`-X` ``dev`` 命令行选项或新的 :envvar:`PYTHONDEVMODE` 环境变量可被用来启用 " +":ref:`Python 开发模式 `。 在开发模式下，Python 将执行额外的如果默认启用会导致开销过大的运行时检查。 请参阅 " +":ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 文档查看完整说明。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:495 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:497 +msgid "" +"An :keyword:`await` expression and comprehensions containing an " +":keyword:`async for` clause were illegal in the expressions in " +":ref:`formatted string literals ` due to a problem with the " +"implementation. In Python 3.7 this restriction was lifted." +msgstr "" +":keyword:`await` 表达式和包含 :keyword:`async for` 子句的推导式不允许在 :ref:`格式化字符串字面值 " +"` 的表达式中使用。 在 Python 3.7 中此限制已被取消。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:502 +msgid "" +"More than 255 arguments can now be passed to a function, and a function can " +"now have more than 255 parameters. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`12844` and :issue:`18896`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在可以将超过 255 个参数传递给一个函数，而现在一个函数也可以拥有超过 255 个形参。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`12844` 和 :issue:`18896` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:506 +msgid "" +":meth:`bytes.fromhex` and :meth:`bytearray.fromhex` now ignore all ASCII " +"whitespace, not only spaces. (Contributed by Robert Xiao in :issue:`28927`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`bytes.fromhex` 和 :meth:`bytearray.fromhex` 会忽略所有 ASCII " +"空白符，而非仅是空格符. （由 Robert Xiao 在 :issue:`28927` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:509 +msgid "" +":class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, and :class:`bytearray` gained support for the " +"new :meth:`isascii() ` method, which can be used to test if a " +"string or bytes contain only the ASCII characters. (Contributed by INADA " +"Naoki in :issue:`32677`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`str`, :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` 获得了对新 :meth:`isascii() " +"` 方法的支持，该方法可被用来测试是个字符串或字节串是否仅包含 ASCII 字符。 （由 INADA Naoki 在 " +":issue:`32677` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:514 +msgid "" +":exc:`ImportError` now displays module name and module ``__file__`` path " +"when ``from ... import ...`` fails. (Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier in " +":issue:`29546`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当 ``from ... import ...`` 失败时 :exc:`ImportError` 会显示模块名称和模块 ``__file__`` " +"路径。 （由 Matthias Bussonnier 在 :issue:`29546` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:518 +msgid "" +"Circular imports involving absolute imports with binding a submodule to a " +"name are now supported. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`30024`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在已支持涉及将子模块绑定到一个名称的绝对导入的循环导入。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`30024` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:522 +msgid "" +"``object.__format__(x, '')`` is now equivalent to ``str(x)`` rather than " +"``format(str(self), '')``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`28974`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 ``object.__format__(x, '')`` 等价于 ``str(x)`` 而非 ``format(str(self), '')``。" +" （由 Serhiy Storchaka d :issue:`28974` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:526 +msgid "" +"In order to better support dynamic creation of stack traces, " +":class:`types.TracebackType` can now be instantiated from Python code, and " +"the :attr:`~traceback.tb_next` attribute on :ref:`tracebacks ` is now writable. (Contributed by Nathaniel J. Smith in " +":issue:`30579`.)" +msgstr "" +"为了更好地支持栈跟踪的动态创建，现在 :class:`types.TracebackType` 可以从 Python 代码中被实例化，并且 " +":ref:`回溯对象 ` 的 :attr:`~traceback.tb_next` 属性现在是可写的。 （由 " +"Nathaniel J. Smith 在 :issue:`30579` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:532 +msgid "" +"When using the :option:`-m` switch, ``sys.path[0]`` is now eagerly expanded " +"to the full starting directory path, rather than being left as the empty " +"directory (which allows imports from the *current* working directory at the " +"time when an import occurs) (Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`33053`.)" +msgstr "" +"当使用 :option:`-m` 开关时，现在 ``sys.path[0]`` " +"会主动扩展为完整的起始目录路径，而不是保持为空目录（这将允许在发生导入时从 *当前* 工作目录导入） （由 Nick Coghlan 在 " +":issue:`33053` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:538 +msgid "" +"The new :option:`-X` ``importtime`` option or the " +":envvar:`PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME` environment variable can be used to show " +"the timing of each module import. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`31415`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :option:`-X` ``importtime`` 选项或 :envvar:`PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME` " +"环境变量可被用来显示每次模块导入的时间。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`31415` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:545 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:550 +msgid "contextvars" +msgstr "contextvars" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:552 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`contextvars` module and a set of :ref:`new C APIs " +"` introduce support for *context variables*. Context " +"variables are conceptually similar to thread-local variables. Unlike TLS, " +"context variables support asynchronous code correctly." +msgstr "" +"新的 :mod:`contextvars` 模块和一组 :ref:`新的 C API ` 引入了对 " +"*上下文变量* 的支持。 上下文变量在概念上类似于线程局部变量。 与 TLS 不同，上下文变量能正确地支持异步代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:558 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` and :mod:`decimal` modules have been updated to use and " +"support context variables out of the box. Particularly the active decimal " +"context is now stored in a context variable, which allows decimal operations" +" to work with the correct context in asynchronous code." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 和 :mod:`decimal` 已得到更新以使用和支持开箱即用的上下文变量。 特别是激活的 decimal " +"上下文现在将存储在上下文变量中，它允许十进制运算在异步代码中使用正确的上下文。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:565 +msgid ":pep:`567` -- Context Variables" +msgstr ":pep:`567` -- 上下文变量" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:566 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Yury Selivanov" +msgstr "PEP 由 Yury Selivanov 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:572 +msgid "dataclasses" +msgstr "dataclasses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:574 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~dataclasses.dataclass` decorator provides a way to declare " +"*data classes*. A data class describes its attributes using class variable " +"annotations. Its constructor and other magic methods, such as " +":meth:`~object.__repr__`, :meth:`~object.__eq__`, and " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` are generated automatically." +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`~dataclasses.dataclass` 装饰器提供了一种声明 *数据类* 的方式。 数据类使用变量标注来描述其属性。 " +"它的构造器和其他魔术方法例如 :meth:`~object.__repr__`, :meth:`~object.__eq__` 以及 " +":meth:`~object.__hash__` 会自动地生成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:580 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:582 +msgid "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: float\n" +" y: float\n" +" z: float = 0.0\n" +"\n" +"p = Point(1.5, 2.5)\n" +"print(p) # produces \"Point(x=1.5, y=2.5, z=0.0)\"" +msgstr "" +"@dataclass\n" +"class Point:\n" +" x: float\n" +" y: float\n" +" z: float = 0.0\n" +"\n" +"p = Point(1.5, 2.5)\n" +"print(p) # produces \"Point(x=1.5, y=2.5, z=0.0)\"" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:593 +msgid ":pep:`557` -- Data Classes" +msgstr ":pep:`557` -- 数据类" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:594 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric V. Smith" +msgstr "PEP 由 Eric V. Smith 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:600 +msgid "importlib.resources" +msgstr "importlib.resources" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:602 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`importlib.resources` module provides several new APIs and one " +"new ABC for access to, opening, and reading *resources* inside packages. " +"Resources are roughly similar to files inside packages, but they needn't be " +"actual files on the physical file system. Module loaders can provide a " +":meth:`get_resource_reader` function which returns a " +":class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` instance to support this new API. " +"Built-in file path loaders and zip file loaders both support this." +msgstr "" +"新的 :mod:`importlib.resources` 模块提供了一些新的 API 和一个新的 ABC 用于访问、打开和读取包内的 *资源*。 " +"资源大致类似于包内的文件，但它们不一定是物理文件系统中实际的文件。 模块加载器可以提供一个 :meth:`get_resource_reader` " +"函数，它会返回一个 :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` 实例来支持这个新 API。 内置的文件路径加载器和 " +"zip 文件加载器都支持此特性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:610 +msgid "Contributed by Barry Warsaw and Brett Cannon in :issue:`32248`." +msgstr "由 Barry Warsaw 和 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`32248` 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:614 +msgid "" +"`importlib_resources `_ -- a PyPI backport for earlier Python" +" versions." +msgstr "" +"`importlib_resources `_ -- 用于较早版本 Python 的 PyPI 向下移植包。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:619 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:623 +msgid "argparse" +msgstr "argparse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:625 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args() " +"` method allows intermixing " +"options and positional arguments. (Contributed by paul.j3 in " +":issue:`14191`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args() " +"` 方法允许混合选项与位置参数。 （由 paul.j3 在" +" :issue:`14191` 中提供。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:634 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1964 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:636 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` module has received many new features, usability and " +":ref:`performance improvements `. Notable changes " +"include:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 模块获得了许多新的特性、可用性和 :ref:`性能提升 `。 " +"重要的改变包括:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:640 +msgid "" +"The new :term:`provisional ` :func:`asyncio.run` function " +"can be used to run a coroutine from synchronous code by automatically " +"creating and destroying the event loop. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`32314`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :term:`暂定 ` :func:`asyncio.run` " +"函数可被用于通过自动创建和销毁事件循环来基于同步代码运行协程。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32314` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:645 +msgid "" +"asyncio gained support for :mod:`contextvars`. :meth:`loop.call_soon() " +"`, :meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe() " +"`, :meth:`loop.call_later() " +"`, :meth:`loop.call_at() `, " +"and :meth:`Future.add_done_callback() ` " +"have a new optional keyword-only *context* parameter. :class:`Tasks " +"` now track their context automatically. See :pep:`567` for " +"more details. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32436`.)" +msgstr "" +"asyncio 增加支持 :mod:`contextvars`. :meth:`loop.call_soon() " +"`, :meth:`loop.call_soon_threadsafe() " +"`, :meth:`loop.call_later() " +"`, :meth:`loop.call_at() ` 并且" +" :meth:`Future.add_done_callback() ` " +"具有新的可选仅关键字参数 *context*。 现在 :class:`Tasks ` 会自动跟踪其上下文。 详情参见 " +":pep:`567`。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32436` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:656 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`asyncio.create_task` function has been added as a shortcut to" +" ``asyncio.get_event_loop().create_task()``. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov " +"in :issue:`32311`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了新的 :func:`asyncio.create_task` 函数作为 " +"``asyncio.get_event_loop().create_task()`` 的快捷方式。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 " +":issue:`32311` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:660 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`loop.start_tls() ` method can be used" +" to upgrade an existing connection to TLS. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in" +" :issue:`23749`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`loop.start_tls() ` 方法可用于升级现有的 TLS 连接。 （由 " +"Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`23749` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:664 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`loop.sock_recv_into() ` method " +"allows reading data from a socket directly into a provided buffer making it " +"possible to reduce data copies. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`31819`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`loop.sock_recv_into() ` " +"方法允许直接从套接字读取数据放入所提供的缓冲区，从而可以减少数据复制。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`31819` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:669 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`asyncio.current_task` function returns the currently running " +":class:`~asyncio.Task` instance, and the new :func:`asyncio.all_tasks` " +"function returns a set of all existing ``Task`` instances in a given loop. " +"The :meth:`!Task.current_task` and :meth:`!Task.all_tasks` methods have been" +" deprecated. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`32250`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`asyncio.current_task` 函数可返回当前运行的 :class:`~asyncio.Task` 实例，而新增的 " +":func:`asyncio.all_tasks` 函数可返回给定循环中所有现存 ``Task`` 实例的集合。 " +":meth:`!Task.current_task` 和 :meth:`!Task.all_tasks` 方法已被弃用。 （由 Andrew " +"Svetlov 在 :issue:`32250` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:676 +msgid "" +"The new *provisional* :class:`~asyncio.BufferedProtocol` class allows " +"implementing streaming protocols with manual control over the receive " +"buffer. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32251`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 *暂定* :class:`~asyncio.BufferedProtocol` 类允许通过手动控制接收缓冲区来实现流式协议。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 在 :issue:`32251` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:680 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`asyncio.get_running_loop` function returns the currently " +"running loop, and raises a :exc:`RuntimeError` if no loop is running. This " +"is in contrast with :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`, which will *create* a " +"new event loop if none is running. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`32269`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`asyncio.get_running_loop` 函数可返回当前运行的循环，如果没有循环在运行则引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。 这与 :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` 不同，后者在没有循环在运行时将 *创建* " +"一个新的事件循环。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32269` 中提供。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:686 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`StreamWriter.wait_closed() " +"` coroutine method allows waiting until " +"the stream writer is closed. The new :meth:`StreamWriter.is_closing() " +"` method can be used to determine if the " +"writer is closing. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`32391`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`StreamWriter.wait_closed() ` " +"协程方法允许执行等待直到流写入器被关闭。 新的 :meth:`StreamWriter.is_closing() " +"` 方法可用于确定写入器是否被关闭。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 " +":issue:`32391` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:692 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`loop.sock_sendfile() ` coroutine " +"method allows sending files using :mod:`os.sendfile` when possible. " +"(Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`32410`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`loop.sock_sendfile() ` 协程方法允许在可能的情况下使用" +" :mod:`os.sendfile` 发送文件。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 :issue:`32410` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:696 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`Future.get_loop() ` and " +"``Task.get_loop()`` methods return the instance of the loop on which a task " +"or a future were created. :meth:`Server.get_loop() " +"` allows doing the same for :class:`asyncio.Server`" +" objects. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32415` and Srinivas " +"Reddy Thatiparthy in :issue:`32418`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`Future.get_loop() ` 和 ``Task.get_loop()``" +" 方法会返回创建 task 或 future 对象的事件循环的实例。 :meth:`Server.get_loop() " +"` 允许为 :class:`asyncio.Server` 对象执行同样操作。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 在 :issue:`32415` 中，以及由 Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy 在 :issue:`32418`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:704 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to control how instances of :class:`asyncio.Server` begin" +" serving. Previously, the server would start serving immediately when " +"created. The new *start_serving* keyword argument to " +":meth:`loop.create_server() ` and " +":meth:`loop.create_unix_server() `, as well" +" as :meth:`Server.start_serving() `, and " +":meth:`Server.serve_forever() ` can be used to" +" decouple server instantiation and serving. The new " +":meth:`Server.is_serving() ` method returns " +"``True`` if the server is serving. :class:`~asyncio.Server` objects are now" +" asynchronous context managers::" +msgstr "" +"现在可以控制 :class:`asyncio.Server` 的实例如何开启服务。 之前，服务在创建后将立即开启服务。 新的 " +"*start_serving* 关键字参数已添加到 :meth:`loop.create_server() " +"` 和 :meth:`loop.create_unix_server() " +"`，并且 :meth:`Server.start_serving() " +"`, 和 :meth:`Server.serve_forever() " +"` 可被用来分离服务的实例化和服务的开启。 新的 " +":meth:`Server.is_serving() ` 方法会在服务开启时返回 " +"``True``。 现在 :class:`~asyncio.Server` 对象已是异步上下文管理器::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:716 +msgid "" +"srv = await loop.create_server(...)\n" +"\n" +"async with srv:\n" +" # some code\n" +"\n" +"# At this point, srv is closed and no longer accepts new connections." +msgstr "" +"srv = await loop.create_server(...)\n" +"\n" +"async with srv:\n" +" # 一些代码\n" +"\n" +"# 此时，srv 已关闭并不再接受新的连接。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:723 +msgid "(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32662`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32662` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:725 +msgid "" +"Callback objects returned by :func:`loop.call_later() " +"` gained the new :meth:`when() " +"` method which returns an absolute scheduled " +"callback timestamp. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`32741`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`loop.call_later() ` 所返回的回调对象已获得新的 " +":meth:`when() ` 方法，该方法会返回一个排入计划日程的绝对时间戳。 （由 Andrew" +" Svetlov 在 :issue:`32741` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:731 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint() \\ " +"` method gained support for Unix " +"sockets. (Contributed by Quentin Dawans in :issue:`31245`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`loop.create_datagram_endpoint() \\ " +"` 方法已获得对 Unix 套接字的支持。 （由 Quentin " +"Dawans 在 :issue:`31245` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:736 +msgid "" +"The :func:`asyncio.open_connection`, :func:`asyncio.start_server` functions," +" :meth:`loop.create_connection() `, " +":meth:`loop.create_server() `, " +":meth:`loop.create_accepted_socket() `" +" methods and their corresponding UNIX socket variants now accept the " +"*ssl_handshake_timeout* keyword argument. (Contributed by Neil Aspinall in " +":issue:`29970`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.open_connection`, :func:`asyncio.start_server` functions, " +":meth:`loop.create_connection() `, " +":meth:`loop.create_server() `, " +":meth:`loop.create_accepted_socket() `" +" 方法及其对应的 UNIX 套接字变体现在接受 *ssl_handshake_timeout* 关键字参数。 （由 Neil Aspinall 在 " +":issue:`29970` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:744 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`Handle.cancelled() ` method returns" +" ``True`` if the callback was cancelled. (Contributed by Marat Sharafutdinov" +" in :issue:`31943`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`Handle.cancelled() ` 方法会在回调被取消时返回 " +"``True``。 （由 Marat Sharafutdinov 在 :issue:`31943` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:748 +msgid "" +"The asyncio source has been converted to use the " +":keyword:`async`/:keyword:`await` syntax. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in " +":issue:`32193`.)" +msgstr "" +"asyncio 源已被转换为使用 :keyword:`async`/:keyword:`await` 语法。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 " +":issue:`32193` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:752 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`ReadTransport.is_reading() " +"` method can be used to determine the " +"reading state of the transport. Additionally, calls to " +":meth:`ReadTransport.resume_reading() " +"` and " +":meth:`ReadTransport.pause_reading() ` " +"are now idempotent. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32356`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`ReadTransport.is_reading() ` " +"方法可用于确定传输的读取状态。 此外，对 :meth:`ReadTransport.resume_reading() " +"` 和 " +":meth:`ReadTransport.pause_reading() ` " +"的调用现在是幂等的。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32356` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:760 +msgid "" +"Loop methods which accept socket paths now support passing :term:`path-like " +"objects `. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`32066`.)" +msgstr "" +"接受套接字路径的循环方法现在支持传入 :term:`路径类对象 `。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 " +":issue:`32066` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:764 +msgid "" +"In :mod:`asyncio` TCP sockets on Linux are now created with ``TCP_NODELAY`` " +"flag set by default. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov and Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`27456`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`asyncio` 中，Linux 上的 TCP 套接字现在创建时默认带有 ``TCP_NODELAY`` 旗标设置。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`27456` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:768 +msgid "" +"Exceptions occurring in cancelled tasks are no longer logged. (Contributed " +"by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`30508`.)" +msgstr "在被取消任务中发生的异常不会再被记录。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`30508` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:771 +msgid "" +"New ``WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy`` and " +"``WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy`` classes. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov " +"in :issue:`33792`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 ``WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy`` 和 ``WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy`` " +"类。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`33792` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:775 +msgid "" +"Several ``asyncio`` APIs have been :ref:`deprecated `." +msgstr "部分 ``asyncio`` API 改为 :ref:`已弃用 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:780 +msgid "binascii" +msgstr "binascii" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:782 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~binascii.b2a_uu` function now accepts an optional *backtick* " +"keyword argument. When it's true, zeros are represented by ``'`'`` instead " +"of spaces. (Contributed by Xiang Zhang in :issue:`30103`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~binascii.b2a_uu` 函数现在接受可选的 *backtick* 关键字参数。 当其为真值时，零会以 ``'`'`` " +"而非空格来表示。 （由 Xiang Zhang 在 :issue:`30103` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:788 +msgid "calendar" +msgstr "calendar" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:790 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~calendar.HTMLCalendar` class has new class attributes which " +"ease the customization of CSS classes in the produced HTML calendar. " +"(Contributed by Oz Tiram in :issue:`30095`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~calendar.HTMLCalendar` 类具有新的类属性，可以简化所生成 HTML 日历中 CSS 类的自定义。 （由 Oz " +"Tiram 在 :issue:`30095` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:796 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1978 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:798 +msgid "" +"``collections.namedtuple()`` now supports default values. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`32320`.)" +msgstr "" +"``collections.namedtuple()`` 现在支持默认值。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`32320` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:803 +msgid "compileall" +msgstr "compileall" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:805 +msgid "" +":func:`compileall.compile_dir` learned the new *invalidation_mode* " +"parameter, which can be used to enable :ref:`hash-based .pyc invalidation " +"`. The invalidation mode can also be specified on the " +"command line using the new ``--invalidation-mode`` argument. (Contributed by" +" Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`31650`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`compileall.compile_dir` 增加了新的 *invalidation_mode* 形参，可用于启用 " +":ref:`基于哈希值的 .pyc 有效性检测 `。 失效模式也可以在命令行中使用新的 " +"``--invalidation-mode`` 参数来指定。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 :issue:`31650` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:814 +msgid "concurrent.futures" +msgstr "concurrent.futures" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:816 +msgid "" +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor ` and " +":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor ` now " +"support the new *initializer* and *initargs* constructor arguments. " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`21423`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor ` 和 " +":class:`ThreadPoolExecutor ` 现在支持新的 " +"*初始化器* 以及 *initargs* 构造器参数。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`21423` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:821 +msgid "" +"The :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor ` " +"can now take the multiprocessing context via the new *mp_context* argument. " +"(Contributed by Thomas Moreau in :issue:`31540`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor ` " +"现在能通过新的 *mp_context* 参数来接受多进程上下文。 （由 Thomas Moreau 在 :issue:`31540` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:827 +msgid "contextlib" +msgstr "contextlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:829 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~contextlib.nullcontext` is a simpler and faster no-op " +"context manager than :class:`~contextlib.ExitStack`. (Contributed by Jesse-" +"Bakker in :issue:`10049`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`~contextlib.nullcontext` 是一个比 :class:`~contextlib.ExitStack` " +"更简单和快速的无操作上下文管理器。 （由 Jesse-Bakker 在 :issue:`10049` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:833 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~contextlib.asynccontextmanager`, " +":class:`~contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager`, and " +":class:`~contextlib.AsyncExitStack` have been added to complement their " +"synchronous counterparts. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :issue:`29679` " +"and :issue:`30241`, and by Alexander Mohr and Ilya Kulakov in " +":issue:`29302`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了新的 :func:`~contextlib.asynccontextmanager`, " +":class:`~contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager` 和 " +":class:`~contextlib.AsyncExitStack` 以补充它们所对应的同步项。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 " +":issue:`29679` 和 :issue:`30241` 中，以及由 Alexander Mohr 和 Ilya Kulakov 在 " +":issue:`29302` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:842 +msgid "cProfile" +msgstr "cProfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:844 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`cProfile` command line now accepts ``-m module_name`` as an " +"alternative to script path. (Contributed by Sanyam Khurana in " +":issue:`21862`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`cProfile` 命令行现在接受 ``-m module_name`` 作为脚本路径的替代。 （由 Sanyam Khurana 在 " +":issue:`21862` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:849 +msgid "crypt" +msgstr "crypt" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:851 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!crypt` module now supports the Blowfish hashing method. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`31664`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`!crypt` 模块已支持 Blowfish 哈希算法。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`31664` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:854 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!mksalt` function now allows specifying the number of rounds for " +"hashing. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`31702`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`!mksalt` 函数允许指定哈希操作的轮数。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`31702` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:859 +msgid "datetime" +msgstr "datetime" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:861 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`datetime.fromisoformat() ` " +"method constructs a :class:`~datetime.datetime` object from a string in one " +"of the formats output by :meth:`datetime.isoformat() " +"`. (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in " +":issue:`15873`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`datetime.fromisoformat() ` 方法会基于由" +" :meth:`datetime.isoformat()` 所输出的某一特定格式字符串构建 :class:`~datetime.datetime` " +"对象。 （由 Paul Ganssle 在 :issue:`15873` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:867 +msgid "" +"The :class:`tzinfo ` class now supports sub-minute offsets." +" (Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`5288`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`tzinfo ` 类现在支持小于一分钟的偏移量。 （由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 " +":issue:`5288` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:872 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1988 +msgid "dbm" +msgstr "dbm" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:874 +msgid "" +":mod:`dbm.dumb` now supports reading read-only files and no longer writes " +"the index file when it is not changed." +msgstr ":mod:`dbm.dumb` 现在支持读取只读文件，并且在其未改变时不再写入索引文件。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:879 +msgid "decimal" +msgstr "decimal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:881 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`decimal` module now uses :ref:`context variables " +"` to store the decimal context. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`32630`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`decimal` 模块现在使用 :ref:`上下文变量 ` 来储存十进制值上下文。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 在 :issue:`32630` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:887 +msgid "dis" +msgstr "dis" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:889 +msgid "" +"The :func:`~dis.dis` function is now able to disassemble nested code objects" +" (the code of comprehensions, generator expressions and nested functions, " +"and the code used for building nested classes). The maximum depth of " +"disassembly recursion is controlled by the new *depth* parameter. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`11822`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~dis.dis` 函数现在能够反汇编嵌套的代码对象（推导式、生成器表达式和嵌套函数的代码，以及用于构建嵌套类的代码）。 " +"反汇编递归的最大深度由新的 *depth* 形参来控制。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`11822` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:898 +msgid "distutils" +msgstr "distutils" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:900 +msgid "" +"``README.rst`` is now included in the list of distutils standard READMEs and" +" therefore included in source distributions. (Contributed by Ryan Gonzalez " +"in :issue:`11913`.)" +msgstr "" +"``README.rst`` 现在包含在 distutils 的标准 README 列表之中，因而也包含在源码发布之中。 （由 Ryan " +"Gonzalez 在 :issue:`11913` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:906 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1998 +msgid "enum" +msgstr "enum" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:908 +msgid "" +"The :class:`Enum ` learned the new ``_ignore_`` class property, " +"which allows listing the names of properties which should not become enum " +"members. (Contributed by Ethan Furman in :issue:`31801`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`Enum ` 增加了新的 ``_ignore_`` 类特征属性，该属性允许列出不应当成为枚举成员的特征属性名称。 " +"（由 Ethan Furman 在 :issue:`31801` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:913 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.8, attempting to check for non-Enum objects in :class:`Enum` " +"classes will raise a :exc:`TypeError` (e.g. ``1 in Color``); similarly, " +"attempting to check for non-Flag objects in a :class:`Flag` member will " +"raise :exc:`TypeError` (e.g. ``1 in Perm.RW``); currently, both operations " +"return :const:`False` instead and are deprecated. (Contributed by Ethan " +"Furman in :issue:`33217`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.8 中，尝试在 :class:`Enum` 类中检查非 Enum 对象将引发 :exc:`TypeError` (例如 ``1 " +"in Color``)；类似地，尝试在 :class:`Flag` 成员中检查非 Flag 对象也将引发 :exc:`TypeError` (例如 " +"``1 in Perm.RW``)；目前，两种操作均会返回 :const:`False` 并且已弃用。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 " +":issue:`33217` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:922 +msgid "functools" +msgstr "functools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:924 +msgid "" +":func:`functools.singledispatch` now supports registering implementations " +"using type annotations. (Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`32227`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`functools.singledispatch` 现在支持使用类型标注来注册实现。 （由 Łukasz Langa 在 " +":issue:`32227` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:930 +msgid "gc" +msgstr "gc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:932 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`gc.freeze` function allows freezing all objects tracked by " +"the garbage collector and excluding them from future collections. This can " +"be used before a POSIX ``fork()`` call to make the GC copy-on-write friendly" +" or to speed up collection. The new :func:`gc.unfreeze` functions reverses " +"this operation. Additionally, :func:`gc.get_freeze_count` can be used to " +"obtain the number of frozen objects. (Contributed by Li Zekun in " +":issue:`31558`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`gc.freeze` 函数允许冻结由垃圾回收器所跟踪的所有对象，并将它们从未来的集合中排除。 这可以在 POSIX " +"``fork()`` 调用之前使用以令 GC 友好地进行写入时复制或加速收集。 新的 :func:`gc.unfreeze` 函数会反转此操作。 " +"此外，:func:`gc.get_freeze_count` 可被用于获取冻结对象的数量。 （由 Li Zekun 在 :issue:`31558` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:942 +msgid "hmac" +msgstr "hmac" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:944 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`hmac` module now has an optimized one-shot :func:`~hmac.digest` " +"function, which is up to three times faster than :func:`~hmac.HMAC`. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`32433`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`hmac` 现在具有经优化的一次性 :func:`~hmac.digest` 函数，其速度比 :func:`~hmac.HMAC` " +"要快三倍。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`32433` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:950 +msgid "http.client" +msgstr "http.client" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:952 +msgid "" +":class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` and " +":class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection` now support the new *blocksize* " +"argument for improved upload throughput. (Contributed by Nir Soffer in " +":issue:`31945`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` 和 :class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection`" +" 现在支持新的 *blocksize* 参数以提升上传吞吐量。 （由 Nir Soffer 在 :issue:`31945` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:958 +msgid "http.server" +msgstr "http.server" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:960 +msgid "" +":class:`~http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` now supports the HTTP ``If-" +"Modified-Since`` header. The server returns the 304 response status if the " +"target file was not modified after the time specified in the header. " +"(Contributed by Pierre Quentel in :issue:`29654`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` 现在支持 HTTP ``If-Modified-" +"Since`` 标头。 如果目标文件在该标点指定的时间之后未被修改则服务器会返回 304 响应状态。 （由 Pierre Quentel 在 " +":issue:`29654` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:965 +msgid "" +":class:`~http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` accepts the new *directory* " +"argument, in addition to the new ``--directory`` command line argument. With" +" this parameter, the server serves the specified directory, by default it " +"uses the current working directory. (Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel and " +"Julien Palard in :issue:`28707`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` 接受新的 *directory* 参数并增加了新的 " +"``--directory`` 命令行参数。 通过此形参，服务器可以对服务指定目录，默认情况下它使用当前工作目录。 （由 Stéphane Wirtel" +" 和 Julien Palard 在 :issue:`28707` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:971 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`ThreadingHTTPServer ` class" +" uses threads to handle requests using " +":class:`~socketserver.ThreadingMixin`. It is used when ``http.server`` is " +"run with ``-m``. (Contributed by Julien Palard in :issue:`31639`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :class:`ThreadingHTTPServer ` 类使用线程来处理使用" +" :class:`~socketserver.ThreadingMixin` 的请求。 它会在 ``http.server`` 附带 ``-m`` " +"运行时被使用。 （由 Julien Palard 在 :issue:`31639` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:978 +msgid "idlelib and IDLE" +msgstr "idlelib 与 IDLE" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:980 +msgid "" +"Multiple fixes for autocompletion. (Contributed by Louie Lu in " +":issue:`15786`.)" +msgstr "多个对自动补全的修正。 （由 Louie Lu 在 :issue:`15786` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:982 +msgid "" +"Module Browser (on the File menu, formerly called Class Browser), now " +"displays nested functions and classes in addition to top-level functions and" +" classes. (Contributed by Guilherme Polo, Cheryl Sabella, and Terry Jan " +"Reedy in :issue:`1612262`.)" +msgstr "" +"Module Browser (在 File 菜单中，之前称为 Class Browser) 现在会在最高层级函数和类之外显示嵌套的函数和类。 （由 " +"Guilherme Polo, Cheryl Sabella 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`1612262` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:988 +msgid "" +"The Settings dialog (Options, Configure IDLE) has been partly rewritten to " +"improve both appearance and function. (Contributed by Cheryl Sabella and " +"Terry Jan Reedy in multiple issues.)" +msgstr "" +"Settings 对话框 (Options 中的 Configure IDLE) 已经被部分重写以改进外观和功能。 （由 Cheryl Sabella " +"和 Terry Jan Reedy 在多个问题项中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:992 +msgid "" +"The font sample now includes a selection of non-Latin characters so that " +"users can better see the effect of selecting a particular font. (Contributed" +" by Terry Jan Reedy in :issue:`13802`.) The sample can be edited to include " +"other characters. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`31860`.)" +msgstr "" +"字体样本现在包括一组非拉丁字符以便用户能更好地查看所选特定字体的效果。 （由 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`13802` " +"中贡献。） 样本可以被修改以包括其他字符。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`31860` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:998 +msgid "" +"The IDLE features formerly implemented as extensions have been reimplemented" +" as normal features. Their settings have been moved from the Extensions tab" +" to other dialog tabs. (Contributed by Charles Wohlganger and Terry Jan " +"Reedy in :issue:`27099`.)" +msgstr "" +"之前以扩展形式实现的 IDLE 特性已作为正常特性重新实现。 它们的设置已从 Extensions 选项卡移至其他对话框选项卡。 （由 Charles " +"Wohlganger 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`27099` 中实现。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1003 +msgid "" +"Editor code context option revised. Box displays all context lines up to " +"maxlines. Clicking on a context line jumps the editor to that line. " +"Context colors for custom themes is added to Highlights tab of Settings " +"dialog. (Contributed by Cheryl Sabella and Terry Jan Reedy in " +":issue:`33642`, :issue:`33768`, and :issue:`33679`.)" +msgstr "" +"编辑器代码上下文选项已经过修改。 Box 会显示所有上下文行直到最大行数。 点击一个上下文行会使编辑器跳转到该行。 自定义主题的上下文颜色已添加到 " +"Settings 对话框的 Highlights 选项卡。 （由 Cheryl Sabella 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 " +":issue:`33642`, :issue:`33768` 和 :issue:`33679` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1009 +msgid "" +"On Windows, a new API call tells Windows that tk scales for DPI. On Windows " +"8.1+ or 10, with DPI compatibility properties of the Python binary " +"unchanged, and a monitor resolution greater than 96 DPI, this should make " +"text and lines sharper. It should otherwise have no effect. (Contributed by" +" Terry Jan Reedy in :issue:`33656`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，会有新的 API 调用将 tk 对 DPI 的调整告知 Windows。 在 Windows 8.1+ 或 10 上，如果 " +"Python 二进制码的 DPI 兼容属性未改变，并且监视器分辨率大于 96 DPI，这应该会令文本和线条更清晰。 否则的话它应该不造成影响。 （由 " +"Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`33656` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1015 +msgid "New in 3.7.1:" +msgstr "在 3.7.1 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"Output over N lines (50 by default) is squeezed down to a button. N can be " +"changed in the PyShell section of the General page of the Settings dialog. " +"Fewer, but possibly extra long, lines can be squeezed by right clicking on " +"the output. Squeezed output can be expanded in place by double-clicking the" +" button or into the clipboard or a separate window by right-clicking the " +"button. (Contributed by Tal Einat in :issue:`1529353`.)" +msgstr "" +"超过 N 行（默认值为 50）的输出将被折叠为一个按钮。 N 可以在 Settings 对话框的 General 页的 PyShell 部分中进行修改。" +" 数量较少但是超长的行可以通过在输出上右击来折叠。 被折叠的输出可通过双击按钮来展开，或是通过右击按钮来放入剪贴板或是单独的窗口。 （由 Tal " +"Einat 在 :issue:`1529353` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1024 +msgid "The changes above have been backported to 3.6 maintenance releases." +msgstr "上述修改已被反向移植到 3.6 维护发行版中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1026 +msgid "NEW in 3.7.4:" +msgstr "在 3.7.4 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1028 +msgid "" +"Add \"Run Customized\" to the Run menu to run a module with customized " +"settings. Any command line arguments entered are added to sys.argv. They re-" +"appear in the box for the next customized run. One can also suppress the " +"normal Shell main module restart. (Contributed by Cheryl Sabella, Terry Jan" +" Reedy, and others in :issue:`5680` and :issue:`37627`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Run 菜单中增加了 \"Run Customized\" 以使用自定义设置来运行模块。 输入的任何命令行参数都会被加入 sys.argv。 " +"它们在下次自定义运行时会再次显示在窗体中。 用户也可以禁用通常的 Shell 主模块重启。 （由 Cheryl Sabella, Terry Jan " +"Reedy 等人在 :issue:`5680` 和 :issue:`37627` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1034 +msgid "New in 3.7.5:" +msgstr "在 3.7.5 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1036 +msgid "" +"Add optional line numbers for IDLE editor windows. Windows open without line" +" numbers unless set otherwise in the General tab of the configuration " +"dialog. Line numbers for an existing window are shown and hidden in the " +"Options menu. (Contributed by Tal Einat and Saimadhav Heblikar in " +":issue:`17535`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 IDLE 编辑器窗口中增加了可选的行序号。 窗口打开时默认不带行序号，除非在配置对话框的 General 选项卡中进行设置。 " +"已打开窗口中的行序号可以在 Options 菜单中显示和隐藏。 （由 Tal Einat 和 Saimadhav Heblikar 在 " +":issue:`17535` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1044 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2017 +msgid "importlib" +msgstr "importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1046 +msgid "" +"The :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` ABC was introduced to support the " +"loading of resources from packages. See also " +":ref:`whatsnew37_importlib_resources`. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw, Brett " +"Cannon in :issue:`32248`.)" +msgstr "" +"引入了 :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` ABC 以支持从包中加载资源。 另请参阅 " +":ref:`whatsnew37_importlib_resources`。 （由 Barry Warsaw, Brett Cannon 在 " +":issue:`32248` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1051 +msgid "" +":func:`importlib.reload` now raises :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` if the module" +" lacks a spec. (Contributed by Garvit Khatri in :issue:`29851`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果模块缺少规格描述 :func:`importlib.reload` 现在会引发 :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError`。 （由 " +"Garvit Khatri 在 :issue:`29851` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1055 +msgid "" +":func:`importlib.find_spec` now raises :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` instead of" +" :exc:`AttributeError` if the specified parent module is not a package (i.e." +" lacks a ``__path__`` attribute). (Contributed by Milan Oberkirch in " +":issue:`30436`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果指定的父模块不是一个包 (即缺少 ``__path__`` 属性) :func:`importlib.find_spec` 现在会引发 " +":exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` 而非 :exc:`AttributeError`。 （由 Milan Oberkirch 在 " +":issue:`30436` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1060 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`importlib.source_hash` can be used to compute the hash of the" +" passed source. A :ref:`hash-based .pyc file ` embeds " +"the value returned by this function." +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`importlib.source_hash` 可被用来计算传入源的哈希值。 :ref:`基于哈希值的 .pyc 文件 " +"` 会嵌入此函数所返回的值。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1066 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`TextIOWrapper.reconfigure() ` " +"method can be used to reconfigure the text stream with the new settings. " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`30526` and INADA Naoki in " +":issue:`15216`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`TextIOWrapper.reconfigure() ` " +"方法可用于根据新的设置重新配置文本流。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`30526` 以及 INADA Naoki 在 " +":issue:`15216` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1075 +msgid "ipaddress" +msgstr "ipaddress" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1077 +msgid "" +"The new ``subnet_of()`` and ``supernet_of()`` methods of " +":class:`ipaddress.IPv6Network` and :class:`ipaddress.IPv4Network` can be " +"used for network containment tests. (Contributed by Michel Albert and Cheryl" +" Sabella in :issue:`20825`.)" +msgstr "" +"methods of :class:`ipaddress.IPv6Network` 和 :class:`ipaddress.IPv4Network` " +"中新的 ``subnet_of()`` 以及 ``supernet_of()`` 方法可用于网络包含测试。 （由 Michel Albert 和 " +"Cheryl Sabella 在 :issue:`20825` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1084 +msgid "itertools" +msgstr "itertools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1086 +msgid "" +":func:`itertools.islice` now accepts :meth:`integer-like objects " +"` as start, stop, and slice arguments. (Contributed by " +"Will Roberts in :issue:`30537`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`itertools.islice` 现在接受 :meth:`类整数对象 ` 作为 start, " +"stop 和 slice 参数。 （由 Will Roberts 在 :issue:`30537` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1093 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2035 +msgid "locale" +msgstr "locale" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1095 +msgid "" +"The new *monetary* argument to :func:`locale.format_string` can be used to " +"make the conversion use monetary thousands separators and grouping strings." +" (Contributed by Garvit in :issue:`10379`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`locale.format_string` 中新的 *monetary* 参数可用于转换所使用的千位分隔符和分组字符串。 （由 " +"Garvit 在 :issue:`10379` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1099 +msgid "" +"The :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding` function now always returns " +"``'UTF-8'`` on Android or when in the :ref:`forced UTF-8 mode " +"`." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding` 函数在 Android 上或是在 :ref:`强制 UTF-8 模式 " +"` 下总是返回 ``'UTF-8'`` 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1104 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1106 +msgid "" +":class:`~logging.Logger` instances can now be pickled. (Contributed by Vinay" +" Sajip in :issue:`30520`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~logging.Logger` 实例现在可以被 pickle。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`30520` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`StreamHandler.setStream() ` " +"method can be used to replace the logger stream after handler creation. " +"(Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`30522`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`StreamHandler.setStream() ` " +"方法可用于在句柄创建之后替换日志流。 （由 Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`30522` 中创建。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1113 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to specify keyword arguments to handler constructors in " +"configuration passed to :func:`logging.config.fileConfig`. (Contributed by " +"Preston Landers in :issue:`31080`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在可以在传递给 :func:`logging.config.fileConfig` 的配置信息中对句柄构造器指定关键字参数。 （由 Preston " +"Landers 在 :issue:`31080` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1119 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1121 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`math.remainder` function implements the IEEE 754-style " +"remainder operation. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`29962`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`math.remainder` 函数实现了 IEEE 754 风格的余数运算。 （由 Mark Dickinson 在 " +":issue:`29962` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1126 +msgid "mimetypes" +msgstr "mimetypes" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1128 +msgid "" +"The MIME type of .bmp has been changed from ``'image/x-ms-bmp'`` to " +"``'image/bmp'``. (Contributed by Nitish Chandra in :issue:`22589`.)" +msgstr "" +".bmp 的 MIME type 从 ``'image/x-ms-bmp'`` 改为 ``'image/bmp'``。 （由 Nitish " +"Chandra 在 :issue:`22589` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1134 +msgid "msilib" +msgstr "msilib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1136 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`!Database.Close` method can be used to close the :abbr:`MSI` " +"database. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`20486`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :meth:`!Database.Close` 方法可被用来关闭 :abbr:`MSI` 数据库。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 " +":issue:`20486` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1142 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1144 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`Process.close() ` method " +"explicitly closes the process object and releases all resources associated " +"with it. :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the underlying process is still " +"running. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`30596`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`Process.close() ` " +"方法会显式地关闭进程对象并释放与其关联的所有资源。 如果底层进程仍在运行则将引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Antoine " +"Pitrou 在 :issue:`30596` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`Process.kill() ` method can be " +"used to terminate the process using the :data:`SIGKILL` signal on Unix. " +"(Contributed by Vitor Pereira in :issue:`30794`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :meth:`Process.kill() ` 方法可用于在 Unix 上使用 " +":data:`SIGKILL` 信号来终止进程。 （由 Vitor Pereira 在 :issue:`30794` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1154 +msgid "" +"Non-daemonic threads created by :class:`~multiprocessing.Process` are now " +"joined on process exit. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`18966`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :class:`~multiprocessing.Process` 所创建的非守护线程现在会在进程退出时被合并。 （由 Antoine Pitrou" +" 在 :issue:`18966` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1160 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1162 +msgid "" +":func:`os.fwalk` now accepts the *path* argument as :class:`bytes`. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28682`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.fwalk` 现在接受 :class:`bytes` 类型的 *path* 参数。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`28682` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1165 +msgid "" +":func:`os.scandir` gained support for :ref:`file descriptors `. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25996`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.scandir` 已获得对 :ref:`文件描述器 ` 的支持。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`25996` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1168 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~os.register_at_fork` function allows registering Python " +"callbacks to be executed at process fork. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`16500`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`~os.register_at_fork` 函数允许注册 Python 回调以便在进程分叉中执行。 （由 Antoine " +"Pitrou 在 :issue:`16500` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`os.preadv` (combine the functionality of :func:`os.readv` and " +":func:`os.pread`) and :func:`os.pwritev` functions (combine the " +"functionality of :func:`os.writev` and :func:`os.pwrite`). (Contributed by " +"Pablo Galindo in :issue:`31368`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`os.preadv` (结合了 :func:`os.readv` 与 :func:`os.pread` 的功能) 以及 " +":func:`os.pwritev` 函数 (结合了 :func:`os.writev` 和 :func:`os.pwrite` 的功能)。 （由 " +"Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`31368` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1177 +msgid "" +"The mode argument of :func:`os.makedirs` no longer affects the file " +"permission bits of newly created intermediate-level directories. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19930`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.makedirs` 的 mode 参数不再会影响新创建的中间层级目录的权限位。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`19930` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1181 +msgid "" +":func:`os.dup2` now returns the new file descriptor. Previously, ``None`` " +"was always returned. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`32441`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.dup2` 现在会返回新的文件描述器。 之前，返回的总是 ``None``。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 " +":issue:`32441` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"The structure returned by :func:`os.stat` now contains the " +":attr:`~os.stat_result.st_fstype` attribute on Solaris and its derivatives. " +"(Contributed by Jesús Cea Avión in :issue:`32659`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Solaris 及其派生系统上 :func:`os.stat` 所返回的结构现在会包含 " +":attr:`~os.stat_result.st_fstype` 属性。 （由 Jesús Cea Avión 在 :issue:`32659` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1191 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1193 +msgid "" +"The new :meth:`Path.is_mount() ` method is now " +"available on POSIX systems and can be used to determine whether a path is a " +"mount point. (Contributed by Cooper Ry Lees in :issue:`30897`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 POSIX 类系统上新的 :meth:`Path.is_mount() ` " +"方法现在可用于确定一个路径是否为挂载点。 （由 Cooper Ry Lees 在 :issue:`30897` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1199 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1201 +msgid "" +":func:`pdb.set_trace` now takes an optional *header* keyword-only argument." +" If given, it is printed to the console just before debugging begins. " +"(Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :issue:`31389`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`pdb.set_trace` 现在接受一个可选的限关键字参数 *header*。 如果给出，它会在调试开始之前被打印到控制台。 （由 " +"Barry Warsaw 在 :issue:`31389` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1205 +msgid "" +":mod:`pdb` command line now accepts ``-m module_name`` as an alternative to " +"script file. (Contributed by Mario Corchero in :issue:`32206`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pdb` 命令行现在接受 ``-m module_name`` 作为对脚本文件的替代。 （由 Mario Corchero 在 " +":issue:`32206` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1210 +msgid "py_compile" +msgstr "py_compile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1212 +msgid "" +":func:`py_compile.compile` -- and by extension, :mod:`compileall` -- now " +"respects the :envvar:`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` environment variable by " +"unconditionally creating ``.pyc`` files for hash-based validation. This " +"allows for guaranteeing `reproducible builds `_ of ``.pyc`` files when they are created eagerly. (Contributed" +" by Bernhard M. Wiedemann in :issue:`29708`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`py_compile.compile` -- 及其扩展形式 :mod:`compileall` -- " +"现在会通过无条件地为基于哈希值的有效性验证创建 ``.pyc`` 文件来支持 :envvar:`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` 环境变量。 " +"这样可以确保当 ``.pyc`` 文件被主动创建时 `可重现的生成 `_。 （由 " +"Bernhard M. Wiedemann 在 :issue:`29708` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1222 +msgid "pydoc" +msgstr "pydoc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1224 +msgid "" +"The pydoc server can now bind to an arbitrary hostname specified by the new " +"``-n`` command-line argument. (Contributed by Feanil Patel in " +":issue:`31128`.)" +msgstr "" +"pydoc 服务器现在可以绑定到由新的 ``-n`` 命令行参数所指定的任意主机名。 （由 Feanil Patel 在 :issue:`31128` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1230 +msgid "queue" +msgstr "queue" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1232 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~queue.SimpleQueue` class is an unbounded :abbr:`FIFO` " +"queue. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`14976`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :class:`~queue.SimpleQueue` 类是一个无界的 :abbr:`FIFO` 队列。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 " +":issue:`14976` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1237 +msgid "re" +msgstr "re" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1239 +msgid "" +"The flags :const:`re.ASCII`, :const:`re.LOCALE` and :const:`re.UNICODE` can " +"be set within the scope of a group. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`31690`.)" +msgstr "" +"旗标 :const:`re.ASCII`, :const:`re.LOCALE` 和 :const:`re.UNICODE` 可以在组的范围内设置。 " +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`31690` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1243 +msgid "" +":func:`re.split` now supports splitting on a pattern like ``r'\\b'``, " +"``'^$'`` or ``(?=-)`` that matches an empty string. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`25054`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`re.split` 现在支持基于匹配一个空字符串的模式例如 ``r'\\b'``, ``'^$'`` 或 ``(?=-)`` 进行拆分。 " +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`25054` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1247 +msgid "" +"Regular expressions compiled with the :const:`re.LOCALE` flag no longer " +"depend on the locale at compile time. Locale settings are applied only when" +" the compiled regular expression is used. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka " +"in :issue:`30215`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用 :const:`re.LOCALE` 旗标编译的正则表达式不再依赖于编译时的区域设置。 区域设置仅在已编译正则表达式被使用时才被应用。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`30215` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1252 +msgid "" +":exc:`FutureWarning` is now emitted if a regular expression contains " +"character set constructs that will change semantically in the future, such " +"as nested sets and set operations. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`30349`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在如果一个正则表达式包含语义将在未来发生改变的字符集构造，则会引发 :exc:`FutureWarning`，例如嵌套集与集合操作等。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`30349` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1257 +msgid "" +"Compiled regular expression and match objects can now be copied using " +":func:`copy.copy` and :func:`copy.deepcopy`. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`10076`.)" +msgstr "" +"已编译正则表达式和匹配对象现在可以使用 :func:`copy.copy` 和 :func:`copy.deepcopy` 进行拷贝。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`10076` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1263 +msgid "signal" +msgstr "signal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1265 +msgid "" +"The new *warn_on_full_buffer* argument to the :func:`signal.set_wakeup_fd` " +"function makes it possible to specify whether Python prints a warning on " +"stderr when the wakeup buffer overflows. (Contributed by Nathaniel J. Smith " +"in :issue:`30050`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`signal.set_wakeup_fd` 函数新增的 *warn_on_full_buffer* 参数可以指定当唤醒缓冲区溢出时 " +"Python 是否要在 stderr 上打印警告信息。 （由 Nathaniel J. Smith 在 :issue:`30050` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1272 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2058 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1274 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`socket.getblocking() ` method " +"returns ``True`` if the socket is in blocking mode and ``False`` otherwise. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32373`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :func:`socket.getblocking() ` " +"方法会在套接字处于阻塞模式时返回 ``True``，否则返回 ``False``。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32373`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1278 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`socket.close` function closes the passed socket file " +"descriptor. This function should be used instead of :func:`os.close` for " +"better compatibility across platforms. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`32454`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`socket.close` 函数可关闭所传入的套接字文件描述符。 应该用此函数来代替 :func:`os.close` " +"以获得更好的跨平台兼容性。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`32454` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1283 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module now exposes the :const:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION` " +"(Linux 2.6.13), :const:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37), and " +":const:`socket.TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT` (Linux 3.12) constants. (Contributed by " +"Omar Sandoval in :issue:`26273` and Nathaniel J. Smith in :issue:`29728`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`socket` 模块现在会公开 :const:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION` (Linux 2.6.13), " +":const:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37) 以及 " +":const:`socket.TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT` (Linux 3.12) 常量。 （由 Omar Sandoval 在 " +":issue:`26273` 以及 Nathaniel J. Smith 在 :issue:`29728` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1289 +msgid "" +"Support for :const:`socket.AF_VSOCK` sockets has been added to allow " +"communication between virtual machines and their hosts. (Contributed by " +"Cathy Avery in :issue:`27584`.)" +msgstr "" +"已增加对 :const:`socket.AF_VSOCK` 套接字的支持以允许在虚拟机及其宿主机之间进行通信。 （由 Cathy Avery 在 " +":issue:`27584` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1293 +msgid "" +"Sockets now auto-detect family, type and protocol from file descriptor by " +"default. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`28134`.)" +msgstr "" +"套接字现在默认会根据文件描述符自动检测所属族、类型和协议。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`28134` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1299 +msgid "socketserver" +msgstr "socketserver" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1301 +msgid "" +":meth:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn.server_close` now waits until all non-" +"daemon threads complete. :meth:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.server_close` now " +"waits until all child processes complete." +msgstr "" +":meth:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn.server_close` 现在会等待所有非守护线程完成。 " +":meth:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.server_close` 现在会等待所有子进程完成。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1305 +msgid "" +"Add a new :attr:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.block_on_close` class attribute " +"to :class:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn` and " +":class:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn` classes. Set the class attribute to " +"``False`` to get the pre-3.7 behaviour." +msgstr "" +"为 :class:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn` 和 :class:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn` " +"类增加了新的 :attr:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.block_on_close` 类属性。 该类属性值设为 " +"``False`` 以保持 3.7 之前的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1311 +msgid "sqlite3" +msgstr "sqlite3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1313 +msgid "" +":class:`sqlite3.Connection` now exposes the " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.backup` method when the underlying SQLite library" +" is at version 3.6.11 or higher. (Contributed by Lele Gaifax in " +":issue:`27645`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当下层的 SQLite 库版本为 3.6.11 及以上时 :class:`sqlite3.Connection` 会开放 " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.backup` 方法。 （由 Lele Gaifax 在 :issue:`27645` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"The *database* argument of :func:`sqlite3.connect` now accepts any " +":term:`path-like object`, instead of just a string. (Contributed by Anders " +"Lorentsen in :issue:`31843`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`sqlite3.connect` 的 *database* 参数现在接受任何 :term:`path-like " +"object`，而不是只接受字符串。 （由 Anders Lorentsen 在 :issue:`31843` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1323 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2067 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1325 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ssl` module now uses OpenSSL's builtin API instead of " +":func:`~ssl.match_hostname` to check a host name or an IP address. Values " +"are validated during TLS handshake. Any certificate validation error " +"including failing the host name check now raises " +":exc:`~ssl.SSLCertVerificationError` and aborts the handshake with a proper " +"TLS Alert message. The new exception contains additional information. Host " +"name validation can be customized with " +":attr:`SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name " +"`. (Contributed by Christian " +"Heimes in :issue:`31399`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ssl` 模块现在使用 OpenSSL 的内置 API 代替 :func:`~ssl.match_hostname` 来检查主机名或 IP " +"地址。 值的验证会在 TLS 握手期间进行。 任何证书验证错误包括主机名检查失败现在将引发 " +":exc:`~ssl.SSLCertVerificationError` 并使用正确的 TLS Alert 消息中止握手过程。 " +"这个新异常包含有额外的信息。 主机名验证可通过 :attr:`SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name " +"` 进行自定义。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`31399` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1336 +msgid "" +"The improved host name check requires a *libssl* implementation compatible " +"with OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1. Consequently, OpenSSL 0.9.8 and 1.0.1 are no " +"longer supported (see :ref:`37-platform-support-removals` for more details)." +" The ssl module is mostly compatible with LibreSSL 2.7.2 and newer." +msgstr "" +"改进的主机名检测需要有兼容 OpenSSL 1.0.2 或 1.1 的 *libssl* 实现。 因此，OpenSSL 0.9.8 和 1.0.1 " +"不再被支持（请参阅 :ref:`37-platform-support-removals` 了解详情）。 目前 ssl 模块主要兼容 LibreSSL " +"2.7.2 及更高版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1341 +msgid "" +"The ``ssl`` module no longer sends IP addresses in SNI TLS extension. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`32185`.)" +msgstr "" +"``ssl`` 模块不再以 SNI TLS 扩展发送 IP 地址。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`32185` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1344 +msgid "" +":func:`~ssl.match_hostname` no longer supports partial wildcards like " +"``www*.example.org``. (Contributed by Mandeep Singh in :issue:`23033` and " +"Christian Heimes in :issue:`31399`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~ssl.match_hostname` 不再支持部分通配符例如 ``www*.example.org``。 （由 Mandeep " +"Singh 在 :issue:`23033` 以及 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`31399` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1349 +msgid "" +"The default cipher suite selection of the ``ssl`` module now uses a " +"blacklist approach rather than a hard-coded whitelist. Python no longer re-" +"enables ciphers that have been blocked by OpenSSL security updates. Default" +" cipher suite selection can be configured at compile time. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :issue:`31429`.)" +msgstr "" +"``ssl`` 模块默认的加密套件选择现在是使用黑名单方式而非硬编码的白名单。 Python 不会再重新启用已经被 OpenSSL " +"安全更新所阻止的加密。 默认的加密套件选择可以在编译时进行配置。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`31429` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1355 +msgid "" +"Validation of server certificates containing internationalized domain names " +"(IDNs) is now supported. As part of this change, the " +":attr:`SSLSocket.server_hostname ` attribute " +"now stores the expected hostname in A-label form (``\"xn--pythn-" +"mua.org\"``), rather than the U-label form (``\"pythön.org\"``). " +"(Contributed by Nathaniel J. Smith and Christian Heimes in :issue:`28414`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在已支持包含国际化域名 (IDN) 的服务器证书验证。 作为此更改的一部分，:attr:`SSLSocket.server_hostname " +"` 属性现在会以预期的 A 标签形式 (``\"xn--pythn-" +"mua.org\"``) 而不是以 U 标签形式 (``\"pythön.org\"``) 存储。 （由 Nathaniel J. Smith 与 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`28414` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1362 +msgid "" +"The ``ssl`` module has preliminary and experimental support for TLS 1.3 and " +"OpenSSL 1.1.1. At the time of Python 3.7.0 release, OpenSSL 1.1.1 is still " +"under development and TLS 1.3 hasn't been finalized yet. The TLS 1.3 " +"handshake and protocol behaves slightly differently than TLS 1.2 and " +"earlier, see :ref:`ssl-tlsv1_3`. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`32947`, :issue:`20995`, :issue:`29136`, :issue:`30622` and " +":issue:`33618`)" +msgstr "" +"``ssl`` 模块对 TLS 1.3 和 OpenSSL 1.1.1 具有初步和实验性的支持。 在 Python 3.7.0 " +"发布的时刻，OpenSSL 1.1.1 仍在开发中，而 TLS 1.3 尚未最终确定。 TLS 1.3 握手和协议行为与 TLS 1.2 " +"及更早的版本略有差异，请参阅 :ref:`ssl-tlsv1_3`。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`32947`, " +":issue:`20995`, :issue:`29136`, :issue:`30622` 以及 :issue:`33618` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1370 +msgid "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` and :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` no longer have a public " +"constructor. Direct instantiation was never a documented and supported " +"feature. Instances must be created with :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` methods " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` and :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_bio`. " +"(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`32951`)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` 和 :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` 不再具有公共构造器。 " +"直接实例化从未成为有文档和受支持的特性。 实际必须通过 :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` 的方法 " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` 和 :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_bio` 来创建。 " +"（由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`32951` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL 1.1 APIs for setting the minimum and maximum TLS protocol version " +"are available as :attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version " +"` and :attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version " +"`. Supported protocols are indicated by " +"several new flags, such as :data:`~ssl.HAS_TLSv1_1`. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :issue:`32609`.)" +msgstr "" +"用于设置最小和最大 TLS 协议版本的 OpenSSL 1.1 API 现已可用，名称分别为 " +":attr:`SSLContext.minimum_version ` 和 " +":attr:`SSLContext.maximum_version `。 " +"受支持的协议由几个新增旗标指定，例如 :data:`~ssl.HAS_TLSv1_1`。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`32609` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1383 +msgid "" +"Added :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth` to enable and " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` to initiate TLS 1.3 post-" +"handshake authentication. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`78851`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :attr:`ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth` 以启用并通过 " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` 来初始化 TLS 1.3 握手后验证。 （由 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :gh:`78851` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1389 +msgid "string" +msgstr "string" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1391 +msgid "" +":class:`string.Template` now lets you to optionally modify the regular " +"expression pattern for braced placeholders and non-braced placeholders " +"separately. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :issue:`1198569`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`string.Template` 现在允许你有选择地分别修改带大括号的占位符和不带大括号的占位符所对应的正则表达式模式。 （由 " +"Barry Warsaw 在 :issue:`1198569` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1397 +msgid "subprocess" +msgstr "subprocess" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1399 +msgid "" +"The :func:`subprocess.run` function accepts the new *capture_output* keyword" +" argument. When true, stdout and stderr will be captured. This is " +"equivalent to passing :const:`subprocess.PIPE` as *stdout* and *stderr* " +"arguments. (Contributed by Bo Bayles in :issue:`32102`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`subprocess.run` 函数接受新的 *capture_output* 关键字参数。 当其为真值时，将会捕获 stdout 和 " +"stderr。 这等价于传入 :const:`subprocess.PIPE` 作为 *stdout* 和 *stderr* 参数。 （由 Bo " +"Bayles 在 :issue:`32102` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1405 +msgid "" +"The ``subprocess.run`` function and the :class:`subprocess.Popen` " +"constructor now accept the *text* keyword argument as an alias to " +"*universal_newlines*. (Contributed by Andrew Clegg in :issue:`31756`.)" +msgstr "" +"``subprocess.run`` 函数和 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 构造器现在接受 *text* 关键字参数作为 " +"*universal_newlines* 的别名。 （由 Andrew Clegg 在 :issue:`31756` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1410 +msgid "" +"On Windows the default for *close_fds* was changed from ``False`` to " +"``True`` when redirecting the standard handles. It's now possible to set " +"*close_fds* to true when redirecting the standard handles. See " +":class:`subprocess.Popen`. This means that *close_fds* now defaults to " +"``True`` on all supported platforms. (Contributed by Segev Finer in " +":issue:`19764`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 中当重定向标准句柄时 *close_fds* 的默认值由 ``False`` 改为 ``True``。 现在可以在重定向标准句柄时将" +" *close_fds* 设为真值。 参阅 :class:`subprocess.Popen`。 这意味着现在 *close_fds* " +"在所有受支持的平台上默认值均为 ``True``。 （由 Segev Finer 在 :issue:`19764` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1417 +msgid "" +"The subprocess module is now more graceful when handling " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` during :func:`subprocess.call`, " +":func:`subprocess.run`, or in a :class:`~subprocess.Popen` context manager." +" It now waits a short amount of time for the child to exit, before " +"continuing the handling of the ``KeyboardInterrupt`` exception. (Contributed" +" by Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`25942`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`subprocess.call`, :func:`subprocess.run` 期间或在 " +":class:`~subprocess.Popen` 上下文管理器中，subprocess 模块现在能更优雅地处理 " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。 它现在会等待一小段时间以便子进程退出，然后再继续处理 ``KeyboardInterrupt`` " +"异常。 （由 Gregory P. Smith 在 :issue:`25942` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1427 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2083 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`sys.breakpointhook` hook function is called by the built-in " +":func:`breakpoint`. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :issue:`31353`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :func:`sys.breakpointhook` 钩子函数，供内置的 :func:`breakpoint` 进行调用。 （由 Barry " +"Warsaw 在 :issue:`31353` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1433 +msgid "" +"On Android, the new :func:`sys.getandroidapilevel` returns the build-time " +"Android API version. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`28740`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Android 中新增的 :func:`sys.getandroidapilevel` 会返回构建时的 Android API 版本。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`28740` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1437 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`sys.get_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth` function returns the" +" current coroutine origin tracking depth, as set by the new " +":func:`sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth`. :mod:`asyncio` has been " +"converted to use this new API instead of the deprecated " +":func:`sys.set_coroutine_wrapper`. (Contributed by Nathaniel J. Smith in " +":issue:`32591`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`sys.get_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth` 函数会返回当前协程的由新的 " +":func:`sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth` 所设定的原始跟踪深度。 :mod:`asyncio` " +"已转换为使用这个新 API 代替已弃用的 :func:`sys.set_coroutine_wrapper`。 （由 Nathaniel J. " +"Smith 在 :issue:`32591` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1446 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1448 +msgid "" +":pep:`564` adds six new functions with nanosecond resolution to the " +":mod:`time` module:" +msgstr ":pep:`564` 向 :mod:`time` 模块增加六个具有纳秒级精度的新函数:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1458 +msgid "New clock identifiers have been added:" +msgstr "增加了新的时钟标识符:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1460 +msgid "" +":const:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME` (Linux): Identical to " +":const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`, except it also includes any time that the " +"system is suspended." +msgstr "" +":const:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME` (Linux): 与 :const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC` " +"相似，不同之处在于它还包括任何系统挂起的时间。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1463 +msgid "" +":const:`time.CLOCK_PROF` (FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD): High-resolution per-" +"process CPU timer." +msgstr "" +":const:`time.CLOCK_PROF` (FreeBSD, NetBSD 和 OpenBSD): 高精度的分进程 CPU 计时器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1465 +msgid "" +":const:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME` (FreeBSD, OpenBSD): Time whose absolute value is " +"the time the system has been running and not suspended, providing accurate " +"uptime measurement." +msgstr "" +":const:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME` (FreeBSD, OpenBSD): " +"该时间的绝对值是系统运行且未挂起的时间，提供准确的正常运行时间度量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`time.thread_time` and :func:`time.thread_time_ns` functions " +"can be used to get per-thread CPU time measurements. (Contributed by Antoine" +" Pitrou in :issue:`32025`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`time.thread_time` 和 :func:`time.thread_time_ns` 函数可用于获取每线程的 CPU " +"时间度量。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`32025` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1473 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`time.pthread_getcpuclockid` function returns the clock ID of " +"the thread-specific CPU-time clock." +msgstr "新的 :func:`time.pthread_getcpuclockid` 函数会返回特定线程中 CPU 时钟的时钟 ID。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1478 +msgid "tkinter" +msgstr "tkinter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1480 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`tkinter.ttk.Spinbox` class is now available. (Contributed by" +" Alan Moore in :issue:`32585`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :class:`tkinter.ttk.Spinbox` 类现已可用。 （由 Alan Moore 在 :issue:`32585` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1485 +msgid "tracemalloc" +msgstr "tracemalloc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1487 +msgid "" +":class:`tracemalloc.Traceback` behaves more like regular tracebacks, sorting" +" the frames from oldest to most recent. :meth:`Traceback.format() " +"` now accepts negative *limit*, truncating the" +" result to the ``abs(limit)`` oldest frames. To get the old behaviour, use " +"the new *most_recent_first* argument to ``Traceback.format()``. (Contributed" +" by Jesse Bakker in :issue:`32121`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`tracemalloc.Traceback` 的行为更接近正规的回溯，会对所有帧按从最旧到最新来排序。 " +":meth:`Traceback.format() ` 现在接受负的 " +"*limit*，并会将结果截短至排在第 ``abs(limit)`` 位的旧帧。 如果要获得旧的行为，请在 ``Traceback.format()``" +" 中使用新的 *most_recent_first* 参数。 （由 Jesse Bakker 在 :issue:`32121` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1497 +msgid "types" +msgstr "types" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1499 +msgid "" +"The new :class:`~types.WrapperDescriptorType`, " +":class:`~types.MethodWrapperType`, :class:`~types.MethodDescriptorType`, and" +" :class:`~types.ClassMethodDescriptorType` classes are now available. " +"(Contributed by Manuel Krebber and Guido van Rossum in :issue:`29377`, and " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32265`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :class:`~types.WrapperDescriptorType`, :class:`~types.MethodWrapperType`," +" :class:`~types.MethodDescriptorType` 和 " +":class:`~types.ClassMethodDescriptorType` 类现已可用。 （由 Manuel Krebber 和 Guido " +"van Rossum 在 :issue:`29377` 以及 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`32265` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1505 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`types.resolve_bases` function resolves MRO entries " +"dynamically as specified by :pep:`560`. (Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in " +":issue:`32717`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`types.resolve_bases` 函数会以 :pep:`560` 所规定的方式动态解析 MRO 条目。 （由 Ivan " +"Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`32717` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1511 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1513 +msgid "" +"The internal :mod:`unicodedata` database has been upgraded to use `Unicode " +"11 `_. (Contributed by " +"Benjamin Peterson.)" +msgstr "" +"内部 :mod:`unicodedata` 数据库已升级为使用 `Unicode 11 " +"`_。 （由 Benjamin Peterson " +"贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1519 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1521 +msgid "" +"The new ``-k`` command-line option allows filtering tests by a name " +"substring or a Unix shell-like pattern. For example, ``python -m unittest -k" +" foo`` runs ``foo_tests.SomeTest.test_something``, " +"``bar_tests.SomeTest.test_foo``, but not " +"``bar_tests.FooTest.test_something``. (Contributed by Jonas Haag in " +":issue:`32071`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 ``-k`` 命令行选项允许通过名称子字符串或类似于 Unix shell 的模式来筛选测试项。 例如，``python -m unittest " +"-k foo`` 将运行 ``foo_tests.SomeTest.test_something``, " +"``bar_tests.SomeTest.test_foo``，但不会运行 ``bar_tests.FooTest.test_something``。 " +"（由 Jonas Haag 在 :issue:`32071` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1530 +msgid "unittest.mock" +msgstr "unittest.mock" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1532 +msgid "" +"The :const:`~unittest.mock.sentinel` attributes now preserve their identity " +"when they are :mod:`copied ` or :mod:`pickled `. (Contributed " +"by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`20804`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :const:`~unittest.mock.sentinel` 属性会在它们被 :mod:`复制 ` 或 :mod:`封存 " +"` 时保存其标识。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`20804` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1536 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`~unittest.mock.seal` function allows sealing " +":class:`~unittest.mock.Mock` instances, which will disallow further creation" +" of attribute mocks. The seal is applied recursively to all attributes that" +" are themselves mocks. (Contributed by Mario Corchero in :issue:`30541`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :func:`~unittest.mock.seal` 函数允许 :class:`~unittest.mock.Mock` " +"对实例进行密封，这将禁止进一步创建属性模拟。 密封会以递归方式应用于自身模拟的所有属性。 （由 Mario Corchero 在 " +":issue:`30541` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1544 +msgid "urllib.parse" +msgstr "urllib.parse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1546 +msgid "" +":func:`urllib.parse.quote` has been updated from :rfc:`2396` to :rfc:`3986`," +" adding ``~`` to the set of characters that are never quoted by default. " +"(Contributed by Christian Theune and Ratnadeep Debnath in :issue:`16285`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`urllib.parse.quote` 已经从 :rfc:`2396` 更新为 :rfc:`3986`，将 ``~`` " +"添加到默认情况下从未引用的字符集。 （由 Christian Theune 和 Ratnadeep Debnath 在 :issue:`16285` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1552 +msgid "uu" +msgstr "uu" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!uu.encode` function now accepts an optional *backtick* keyword " +"argument. When it's true, zeros are represented by ``'`'`` instead of " +"spaces. (Contributed by Xiang Zhang in :issue:`30103`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`!uu.encode` 函数接受可选的 *backtick* 关键字参数。 当其为真时，零会以 ``'`'`` 而非空格来表示。 " +"（由 Xiang Zhang 在 :issue:`30103` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1560 +msgid "uuid" +msgstr "uuid" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1562 +msgid "" +"The new :attr:`UUID.is_safe ` attribute relays " +"information from the platform about whether generated UUIDs are generated " +"with a multiprocessing-safe method. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in " +":issue:`22807`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :attr:`UUID.is_safe ` 属性会从平台中继有关是否使用多进程安全模式来生成所需 UUID" +" 的信息。 （由 Barry Warsaw 在 :issue:`22807` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1567 +msgid "" +":func:`uuid.getnode` now prefers universally administered MAC addresses over" +" locally administered MAC addresses. This makes a better guarantee for " +"global uniqueness of UUIDs returned from :func:`uuid.uuid1`. If only " +"locally administered MAC addresses are available, the first such one found " +"is returned. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :issue:`32107`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`uuid.getnode` 现在更倾向于统一管理的 MAC 地址而不是本地管理的 MAC 地址。 这样可以更好地保证从 " +":func:`uuid.uuid1` 返回的 UUID 的全局唯一性。 如果只有本地管理的 MAC 地址可用，则返回首个找到的此类地址。 （由 " +"Barry Warsaw 在 :issue:`32107` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1576 +msgid "warnings" +msgstr "warnings" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1578 +msgid "" +"The initialization of the default warnings filters has changed as follows:" +msgstr "默认警告过滤器的初始化已进行以下更改:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1580 +msgid "" +"warnings enabled via command line options (including those for :option:`-b` " +"and the new CPython-specific :option:`-X` ``dev`` option) are always passed " +"to the warnings machinery via the :data:`sys.warnoptions` attribute." +msgstr "" +"通过命令行选项（包括 :option:`-b` 以及新的 CPython 专属的 :option:`-X` ``dev`` 选项）启用的警告总是会通过 " +":data:`sys.warnoptions` 属性被传递给警告机制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1584 +msgid "" +"warnings filters enabled via the command line or the environment now have " +"the following order of precedence:" +msgstr "通过命令行或环境变量启用的警告过滤器现在具有以下优先顺序:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1587 +msgid "the ``BytesWarning`` filter for :option:`-b` (or ``-bb``)" +msgstr "用于 :option:`-b` (或 ``-bb``) 的 ``BytesWarning`` 过滤器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1588 +msgid "any filters specified with the :option:`-W` option" +msgstr "通过 :option:`-W` 选项指定的任何过滤器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1589 +msgid "" +"any filters specified with the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` environment variable" +msgstr "通过 :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` 环境变量指定的任何过滤器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1591 +msgid "" +"any other CPython specific filters (e.g. the ``default`` filter added for " +"the new ``-X dev`` mode)" +msgstr "任何其他 CPython 专属过滤器（例如 ``-X dev`` 模式中新增的 ``default`` 过滤器）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1593 +msgid "any implicit filters defined directly by the warnings machinery" +msgstr "由警告机制所定义的任何隐式过滤器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1595 +msgid "" +"in :ref:`CPython debug builds `, all warnings are now displayed" +" by default (the implicit filter list is empty)" +msgstr "在 :ref:`CPython 调试版本 ` 中，现在默认情况下会显示所有警告（隐式过滤器列表为空）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1598 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan and Victor Stinner in :issue:`20361`, " +":issue:`32043`, and :issue:`32230`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Nick Coghlan 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`20361`, :issue:`32043` 以及 " +":issue:`32230` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1601 +msgid "" +"Deprecation warnings are once again shown by default in single-file scripts " +"and at the interactive prompt. See :ref:`whatsnew37-pep565` for details. " +"(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`31975`.)" +msgstr "" +"在单文件脚本和交互式提示符中，默认情况下会再次显示已弃用警告。 详情参见 :ref:`whatsnew37-pep565`。 （由 Nick " +"Coghlan 在 :issue:`31975` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1607 +msgid "xml" +msgstr "xml" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1609 +msgid "" +"As mitigation against DTD and external entity retrieval, the " +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` and :mod:`xml.sax` modules no longer process external" +" entities by default. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`61441`.)" +msgstr "" +"作为对 DTD 和外部实体检查的缓解，在默认情况下 :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 和 :mod:`xml.sax` " +"模块将不再处理外部实体。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :gh:`61441` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1616 +msgid "xml.etree" +msgstr "xml.etree" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1618 +msgid "" +":ref:`ElementPath ` predicates in the :meth:`find` " +"methods can now compare text of the current node with ``[. = \"text\"]``, " +"not only text in children. Predicates also allow adding spaces for better " +"readability. (Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`31648`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`find` 方法中的 :ref:`ElementPath ` 描述词现在可以将当前节点文本与 " +"``[. = \"text\"]`` 进行比较，而不仅是子节点中的文本。 描述词还允许添加空格以提高可读性。 （由 Stefan Behnel 在 " +":issue:`31648` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1625 +msgid "xmlrpc.server" +msgstr "xmlrpc.server" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1627 +msgid "" +":meth:`SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher.register_function " +"` can now be used as a decorator. " +"(Contributed by Xiang Zhang in :issue:`7769`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher.register_function " +"` 现在可以被用作装饰器。 （由 Xiang Zhang 在 " +":issue:`7769` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1633 +msgid "zipapp" +msgstr "zipapp" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1635 +msgid "" +"Function :func:`~zipapp.create_archive` now accepts an optional *filter* " +"argument to allow the user to select which files should be included in the " +"archive. (Contributed by Irmen de Jong in :issue:`31072`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`~zipapp.create_archive` 现在接受可选的 *filter* 参数，以允许用户选择哪些文件应被加入归档包。 （由" +" Irmen de Jong 在 :issue:`31072` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1639 +msgid "" +"Function :func:`~zipapp.create_archive` now accepts an optional *compressed*" +" argument to generate a compressed archive. A command line option " +"``--compress`` has also been added to support compression. (Contributed by " +"Zhiming Wang in :issue:`31638`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`~zipapp.create_archive` 现在接受可选的 *compressed* 参数，以生成压缩归档包。 " +"另外也加入了命令行选项 ``--compress`` 以支持压缩。 （由 Zhiming Wang 在 :issue:`31638` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1646 +msgid "zipfile" +msgstr "zipfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1648 +msgid "" +":class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` now accepts the new *compresslevel* parameter to " +"control the compression level. (Contributed by Bo Bayles in :issue:`21417`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` 现在接受新的 *compresslevel* 形参，以控制压缩级别。 （由 Bo Bayles 在 " +":issue:`21417` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1652 +msgid "" +"Subdirectories in archives created by ``ZipFile`` are now stored in " +"alphabetical order. (Contributed by Bernhard M. Wiedemann in " +":issue:`30693`.)" +msgstr "" +"``ZipFile`` 所创建的归档包中的子目录现在会按字母表顺序保存。 （由 Bernhard M. Wiedemann 在 " +":issue:`30693` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1658 +msgid "C API Changes" +msgstr "C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1660 +msgid "" +"A new API for thread-local storage has been implemented. See " +":ref:`whatsnew37-pep539` for an overview and :ref:`thread-specific-storage-" +"api` for a complete reference. (Contributed by Masayuki Yamamoto in " +":issue:`25658`.)" +msgstr "" +"已实现了用于线程本地存储的新 API。 相关概述请参阅 :ref:`whatsnew37-pep539`，完整参考文档请查看 :ref:`thread-" +"specific-storage-api`。 （由 Masayuki Yamamoto 在 :issue:`25658` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1665 +msgid "" +"The new :ref:`context variables ` functionality exposes a" +" number of :ref:`new C APIs `." +msgstr "" +"新的 :ref:`上下文变量 ` 功能开放了许多 :ref:`新的 C API " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1668 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`PyImport_GetModule` function returns the previously " +"imported module with the given name. (Contributed by Eric Snow in " +":issue:`28411`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :c:func:`PyImport_GetModule` 函数会返回之前所导入的具有给定名称的模块。 （由 Eric Snow 在 " +":issue:`28411` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1672 +msgid "" +"The new :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_RICHCOMPARE` macro eases writing rich comparison" +" functions. (Contributed by Petr Victorin in :issue:`23699`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :c:macro:`Py_RETURN_RICHCOMPARE` 宏可以简化丰富比较函数的编写。 （由 Petr Victorin 在 " +":issue:`23699` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1676 +msgid "" +"The new :c:macro:`Py_UNREACHABLE` macro can be used to mark unreachable code" +" paths. (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :issue:`31338`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :c:macro:`Py_UNREACHABLE` 宏可用于标记不可到达的代码路径。 （由 Barry Warsaw 在 " +":issue:`31338` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1680 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tracemalloc` now exposes a C API through the new " +":c:func:`PyTraceMalloc_Track` and :c:func:`PyTraceMalloc_Untrack` functions." +" (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`30054`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tracemalloc` 现在通过新的 :c:func:`PyTraceMalloc_Track` 和 " +":c:func:`PyTraceMalloc_Untrack` 函数公开了一个 C API。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`30054` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`import__find__load__start` and " +":c:func:`import__find__load__done` static markers can be used to trace " +"module imports. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`31574`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :c:func:`import__find__load__start` 和 :c:func:`import__find__load__done` " +"静态标记可用于跟踪模块导入。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`31574` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1690 +msgid "" +"The fields :c:member:`!name` and :c:member:`!doc` of structures " +":c:type:`PyMemberDef`, :c:type:`PyGetSetDef`, " +":c:type:`PyStructSequence_Field`, :c:type:`PyStructSequence_Desc`, and " +":c:struct:`wrapperbase` are now of type ``const char *`` rather of ``char " +"*``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28761`.)" +msgstr "" +"结构体 :c:type:`PyMemberDef`, :c:type:`PyGetSetDef`, " +":c:type:`PyStructSequence_Field`, :c:type:`PyStructSequence_Desc` 和 " +":c:struct:`wrapperbase` 的字段 :c:member:`!name` 和 :c:member:`!doc` 现在的类型为 " +"``const char *`` 而不是 ``char *``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`28761` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1696 +msgid "" +"The result of :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` is now of type ``const char *`` rather of ``char " +"*``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28769`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` 的结果类型现在是 " +"``const char *`` 而非 ``char *``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`28769` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1700 +msgid "" +"The result of :c:func:`PyMapping_Keys`, :c:func:`PyMapping_Values` and " +":c:func:`PyMapping_Items` is now always a list, rather than a list or a " +"tuple. (Contributed by Oren Milman in :issue:`28280`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyMapping_Keys`, :c:func:`PyMapping_Values` 和 " +":c:func:`PyMapping_Items` 的结果现在肯定是列表，而非可能是列表也可能是元组。 （由 Oren Milman 在 " +":issue:`28280` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1704 +msgid "" +"Added functions :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`27867`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了函数 :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` 和 :c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`27867` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1707 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork` is deprecated in favour of the new functions " +":c:func:`PyOS_BeforeFork`, :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Parent` and " +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`16500`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork` 已弃用，建议改用新的 functions :c:func:`PyOS_BeforeFork`, " +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Parent` 和 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`。 （由 Antoine" +" Pitrou 在 :issue:`16500` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1712 +msgid "" +"The ``PyExc_RecursionErrorInst`` singleton that was part of the public API " +"has been removed as its members being never cleared may cause a segfault " +"during finalization of the interpreter. Contributed by Xavier de Gaye in " +":issue:`22898` and :issue:`30697`." +msgstr "" +"曾经作为公共 API 一部分的 ``PyExc_RecursionErrorInst`` " +"单例已被移除，因为它的成员永远不会被清理，可能在解释器的最终化过程中导致段错误。 由 Xavier de Gaye 在 :issue:`22898` 和" +" :issue:`30697` 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1717 +msgid "" +"Added C API support for timezones with timezone constructors " +":c:func:`PyTimeZone_FromOffset` and :c:func:`PyTimeZone_FromOffsetAndName`, " +"and access to the UTC singleton with :c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeZone_UTC`. " +"Contributed by Paul Ganssle in :issue:`10381`." +msgstr "" +"添加 C API 对使用 timezone 的构造器 :c:func:`PyTimeZone_FromOffset` 和 " +":c:func:`PyTimeZone_FromOffsetAndName` 的时区的支持，以及通常 " +":c:data:`PyDateTime_TimeZone_UTC` 使用 UTC 单例。 由 Paul Ganssle 在 :issue:`10381`" +" 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1722 +msgid "" +"The type of results of :c:func:`PyThread_start_new_thread` and " +":c:func:`PyThread_get_thread_ident`, and the *id* parameter of " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc` changed from :c:expr:`long` to " +":c:expr:`unsigned long`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`6532`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyThread_start_new_thread` 和 :c:func:`PyThread_get_thread_ident` " +"的结果类型以及 :c:func:`PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc` 的 *id* 形参类型由 :c:expr:`long` 改为 " +":c:expr:`unsigned long`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`6532` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1728 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString` now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the " +"second argument is ``NULL`` and the :c:expr:`wchar_t*` string contains null " +"characters. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`30708`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString` 在第二个参数为 ``NULL`` 且 " +":c:expr:`wchar_t*` 字符串包含空字符时会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`30708` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1732 +msgid "" +"Changes to the startup sequence and the management of dynamic memory " +"allocators mean that the long documented requirement to call " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` before calling most C API functions is now relied on" +" more heavily, and failing to abide by it may lead to segfaults in embedding" +" applications. See the :ref:`porting-to-python-37` section in this document " +"and the :ref:`pre-init-safe` section in the C API documentation for more " +"details." +msgstr "" +"对启动顺序以及动态内存分配器管理的更改意味着早已记录在案的，对在调用大多数 C API 函数之前调用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` " +"的要求的依赖现在变得更加强烈，未遵循此要求可能导致嵌入式应用程序中的段错误。 请参阅此文档的 :ref:`porting-to-python-37` " +"一节以及 C API 文档的 :ref:`pre-init-safe` 一节了解更多细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1740 +msgid "" +"The new :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_GetID` returns the unique ID for a given" +" interpreter. (Contributed by Eric Snow in :issue:`29102`.)" +msgstr "" +"新的 :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_GetID` 会返回给定解释器的唯一 ID。 （由 Eric Snow 在 " +":issue:`29102` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1744 +msgid "" +":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`, :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` now use the UTF-8 " +"encoding when the :ref:`UTF-8 mode ` is enabled. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`29240`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当启用 :ref:`UTF-8 模式 ` 时 :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`, " +":c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` 会使用 UTF-8 编码。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`29240` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1748 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale`" +" now use the current locale encoding for ``surrogateescape`` error handler. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`29240`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize` 和 :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale` " +"现在会为 ``surrogateescape`` 错误句柄使用当前区域编码。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`29240` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1752 +msgid "" +"The *start* and *end* parameters of :c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar` are now " +"adjusted to behave like string slices. (Contributed by Xiang Zhang in " +":issue:`28822`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar` 的 *start* 和 *end* 形参的行为现在调整为与字符串切片类似。 （由 Xiang " +"Zhang 在 :issue:`28822` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1758 +msgid "Build Changes" +msgstr "构建的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1760 +msgid "" +"Support for building ``--without-threads`` has been removed. The " +":mod:`threading` module is now always available. (Contributed by Antoine " +"Pitrou in :issue:`31370`.)." +msgstr "" +"对于 ``--without-threads`` 构建的支持已被移除。 :mod:`threading` 模块现在将总是可用。 （由 Antoine " +"Pitrou 在 :issue:`31370` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1764 +msgid "" +"A full copy of libffi is no longer bundled for use when building the " +":mod:`_ctypes ` module on non-OSX UNIX platforms. An installed copy" +" of libffi is now required when building ``_ctypes`` on such platforms. " +"(Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`27979`.)" +msgstr "" +"在非 OSX UNIX 平台上已不再包含用于构建 :mod:`_ctypes ` 模块的完整 libffi 副本。 " +"现在当在此类平台上构建 ``_ctypes`` 时需要事先装有 libffi 的副本。 （由 Zachary Ware 在 :issue:`27979`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1769 +msgid "" +"The Windows build process no longer depends on Subversion to pull in " +"external sources, a Python script is used to download zipfiles from GitHub " +"instead. If Python 3.6 is not found on the system (via ``py -3.6``), NuGet " +"is used to download a copy of 32-bit Python for this purpose. (Contributed " +"by Zachary Ware in :issue:`30450`.)" +msgstr "" +"Windows 构建过程不再依赖 Subversion 来拉取外部源码，而是改用一段 Python 脚本从 GitHub 下载 zip 文件。 " +"如果未在系统中找到 Python 3.6 (通过 ``py -3.6``)，则会使用 NuGet 下载一份 32 位的 Python 副本用于此目的。 " +"（由 Zachary Ware 在 :issue:`30450` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1775 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ssl` module requires OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1 compatible libssl. " +"OpenSSL 1.0.1 has reached end of lifetime on 2016-12-31 and is no longer " +"supported. LibreSSL is temporarily not supported as well. LibreSSL releases " +"up to version 2.6.4 are missing required OpenSSL 1.0.2 APIs." +msgstr "" +":mod:`ssl` 模块需要兼容 OpenSSL 1.0.2 或 1.1 的 libssl。 OpenSSL 1.0.1 的生命期已于 " +"2016-12-31 终止且不再受支持。 LibreSSL 暂时也不受支持。 LibreSSL 发布版直到 2.6.4 版还缺少所需的 OpenSSL " +"1.0.2 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1784 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1786 +msgid "" +"The overhead of calling many methods of various standard library classes " +"implemented in C has been significantly reduced by porting more code to use " +"the ``METH_FASTCALL`` convention. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`29300`, :issue:`29507`, :issue:`29452`, and :issue:`29286`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过移植更多代码来使用 ``METH_FASTCALL`` 的约定，可以显著地减少调用 C 代码中实现的各类标准库的很多方法的开销。 （由 Victor" +" Stinner 在 :issue:`29300`、:issue:`29507`、:issue:`29452` 以及 :issue:`29286` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"Various optimizations have reduced Python startup time by 10% on Linux and " +"up to 30% on macOS. (Contributed by Victor Stinner, INADA Naoki in " +":issue:`29585`, and Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`31333`.)" +msgstr "" +"通过各种优化方式，使 Python 在 Linux 上的启动时间缩短了 10%，在 macOS 上缩短了 30%。 （由 Victor Stinner," +" INADA Naoki 在 :issue:`29585` 中，以及 Ivan Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`31333` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1797 +msgid "" +"Method calls are now up to 20% faster due to the bytecode changes which " +"avoid creating bound method instances. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov and " +"INADA Naoki in :issue:`26110`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于避免创建绑定方法案例的字节码更改，方法调用速度现在加快了 20%。 （由 Yury Selivanov 和 INADA Naoki 在 " +":issue:`26110` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`asyncio` module received a number of notable optimizations for " +"commonly used functions:" +msgstr "对 :mod:`asyncio` 模块里面的一些常用函数做了显著的性能优化。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1806 +msgid "" +"The :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` function has been reimplemented in C to " +"make it up to 15 times faster. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`32296`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` 函数已经改用 C 重新实现，使其执行速度加快了 15 倍。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 在 :issue:`32296` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1810 +msgid "" +":class:`asyncio.Future` callback management has been optimized. (Contributed" +" by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32348`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`asyncio.Future` 回调管理已经过优化。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32348` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1813 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.gather` is now up to 15% faster. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`32355`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.gather` 的执行速度现在加快了 15%。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32355` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1816 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.sleep` is now up to 2 times faster when the *delay* argument " +"is zero or negative. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`32351`.)" +msgstr "" +"当 *delay* 参数为零或负值时 :func:`asyncio.sleep` 的执行速度现在加快了 2 倍。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在" +" :issue:`32351` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1820 +msgid "" +"The performance overhead of asyncio debug mode has been reduced. " +"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`31970`.)" +msgstr "asyncio 调试模式的执行开销已获减轻。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`31970` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1823 +msgid "" +"As a result of :ref:`PEP 560 work `, the import time of " +":mod:`typing` has been reduced by a factor of 7, and many typing operations " +"are now faster. (Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`32226`.)" +msgstr "" +"作为 :ref:`PEP 560 工作 ` 的结果，:mod:`typing` 的导入时间已减少了 7 " +"倍，许多与类型相关的操作现在会执行得更快。 （由 Ivan Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`32226` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1828 +msgid "" +":func:`sorted` and :meth:`list.sort` have been optimized for common cases to" +" be up to 40-75% faster. (Contributed by Elliot Gorokhovsky in " +":issue:`28685`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`sorted` 和 :meth:`list.sort` 已经过优化，在通常情况下执行速度可提升 40-75%。 （由 Elliot " +"Gorokhovsky 在 :issue:`28685` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1832 +msgid "" +":meth:`dict.copy` is now up to 5.5 times faster. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`31179`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`dict.copy` 的执行速度现在加快了 5.5 倍。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`31179` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1835 +msgid "" +":func:`hasattr` and :func:`getattr` are now about 4 times faster when *name*" +" is not found and *obj* does not override :meth:`object.__getattr__` or " +":meth:`object.__getattribute__`. (Contributed by INADA Naoki in " +":issue:`32544`.)" +msgstr "" +"当 *name* 未找到并且 *obj* 未重载 :meth:`object.__getattr__` 或 " +":meth:`object.__getattribute__` 时 :func:`hasattr` 和 :func:`getattr` " +"现在会比原来快大约 4 倍。 （由 INADA Naoki 在 :issue:`32544` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1840 +msgid "" +"Searching for certain Unicode characters (like Ukrainian capital \"Є\") in a" +" string was up to 25 times slower than searching for other characters. It is" +" now only 3 times slower in the worst case. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka" +" in :issue:`24821`.)" +msgstr "" +"在字符串中搜索特定的 Unicode 字符（例如乌克兰语字母“Є”）会比搜索其他字符慢上 25 倍。 而现在最坏情况下也只会慢上 3 倍。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`24821` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1845 +msgid "" +"The :func:`collections.namedtuple` factory has been reimplemented to make " +"the creation of named tuples 4 to 6 times faster. (Contributed by Jelle " +"Zijlstra with further improvements by INADA Naoki, Serhiy Storchaka, and " +"Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`28638`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`collections.namedtuple` 工厂对象已经重写实现，使得创建具名元组的速度加快了 4 到 6 倍。 （由 Jelle " +"Zijlstra 在 :issue:`28638` 中贡献，进一步的改进由 INADA Naoki, Serhiy Storchaka 和 " +"Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1850 +msgid "" +":meth:`date.fromordinal` and :meth:`date.fromtimestamp` are now up to 30% " +"faster in the common case. (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in :issue:`32403`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :meth:`date.fromordinal` 和 :meth:`date.fromtimestamp` 在通常情况下执行速度可提升 30%。 " +"（由 Paul Ganssle 在 :issue:`32403` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1854 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.fwalk` function is now up to 2 times faster thanks to the use " +"of :func:`os.scandir`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25996`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于使用了 :func:`os.scandir`，现在 :func:`os.fwalk` 函数执行速度提升了 2 倍。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`25996` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1858 +msgid "" +"The speed of the :func:`shutil.rmtree` function has been improved by 20--40%" +" thanks to the use of the :func:`os.scandir` function. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28564`.)" +msgstr "" +"由于使用了 :func:`os.scandir` 函数，:func:`shutil.rmtree` 函数的执行速度已经提升了 20--40%。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`28564` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1862 +msgid "" +"Optimized case-insensitive matching and searching of :mod:`regular " +"expressions `. Searching some patterns can now be up to 20 times " +"faster. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`30285`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`正则表达式 ` 忽略大小写的匹配和搜索已获得优化。 现在搜索某些模式的速度提升了 20 倍。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka" +" 在 :issue:`30285` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1866 +msgid "" +":func:`re.compile` now converts ``flags`` parameter to int object if it is " +"``RegexFlag``. It is now as fast as Python 3.5, and faster than Python 3.6 " +"by about 10% depending on the pattern. (Contributed by INADA Naoki in " +":issue:`31671`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`re.compile` 现在会将 ``flags`` 形参转换为 int 对象，如果它是 ``RegexFlag`` 的话。 它现在会和 " +"Python 3.5 一样快，而比 Python 3.6 快大约 10%，实际速度取决于具体的模式。 （由 INADA Naoki 在 " +":issue:`31671` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1871 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~selectors.BaseSelector.modify` methods of classes " +":class:`selectors.EpollSelector`, :class:`selectors.PollSelector` and " +":class:`selectors.DevpollSelector` may be around 10% faster under heavy " +"loads. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in :issue:`30014`)" +msgstr "" +":class:`selectors.EpollSelector`, :class:`selectors.PollSelector` 和 " +":class:`selectors.DevpollSelector` 这几个类的 " +":meth:`~selectors.BaseSelector.modify` 方法在重负载下可以加快 10% 左右。 （由 Giampaolo " +"Rodola' 在 :issue:`30014` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1876 +msgid "" +"Constant folding has been moved from the peephole optimizer to the new AST " +"optimizer, which is able perform optimizations more consistently. " +"(Contributed by Eugene Toder and INADA Naoki in :issue:`29469` and " +":issue:`11549`.)" +msgstr "" +"常量折叠已经从窥孔优化器迁移至新的 AST 优化器，后者可以以更高的一致性来执行优化。 （由 Eugene Toder 和 INADA Naoki 在 " +":issue:`29469` 和 :issue:`11549` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1881 +msgid "" +"Most functions and methods in :mod:`abc` have been rewritten in C. This " +"makes creation of abstract base classes, and calling :func:`isinstance` and " +":func:`issubclass` on them 1.5x faster. This also reduces Python start-up " +"time by up to 10%. (Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi and INADA Naoki in " +":issue:`31333`)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`abc` 中的大部分函数和方法已经用 C 重写。 这使得创建抽像基类以及调用其 :func:`isinstance` 和 " +":func:`issubclass` 的速度加快了 1.5 倍。 这也使得 Python 启动耗时减少了 10%。 （由 Ivan Levkivskyi" +" 和 INADA Naoki 在 :issue:`31333` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1887 +msgid "" +"Significant speed improvements to alternate constructors for " +":class:`datetime.date` and :class:`datetime.datetime` by using fast-path " +"constructors when not constructing subclasses. (Contributed by Paul Ganssle " +"in :issue:`32403`)" +msgstr "" +"在不构造子类时，通过使用快速路径构造器使得 :class:`datetime.date` 和 :class:`datetime.datetime` " +"的替代构造器获得了显著的速度提升。 （由 Paul Ganssle 在 :issue:`32403` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1892 +msgid "" +"The speed of comparison of :class:`array.array` instances has been improved " +"considerably in certain cases. It is now from 10x to 70x faster when " +"comparing arrays holding values of the same integer type. (Contributed by " +"Adrian Wielgosik in :issue:`24700`.)" +msgstr "" +"在特定情况下 :class:`array.array` 实例的比较速度已获得很大提升。 现在当比较存放相同的整数类型的值的数组时会比原来快 10 到 " +"70 倍。 （由 Adrian Wielgosik 在 :issue:`24700` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1897 +msgid "" +"The :func:`math.erf` and :func:`math.erfc` functions now use the (faster) C " +"library implementation on most platforms. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka " +"in :issue:`26121`.)" +msgstr "" +"在大多数平台上 :func:`math.erf` 和 :func:`math.erfc` 函数现在使用（更快的）C 库实现。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`26121` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1903 +msgid "Other CPython Implementation Changes" +msgstr "其他 CPython 实现的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1905 +msgid "" +"Trace hooks may now opt out of receiving the ``line`` and opt into receiving" +" the ``opcode`` events from the interpreter by setting the corresponding new" +" :attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` and :attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` attributes " +"on the frame being traced. (Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`31344`.)" +msgstr "" +"跟踪钩子现在可以选择不接收 ``line`` 而选择从解释器接收 ``opcode`` 事件，具体做法是在被跟踪的帧上相应地设置新的 " +":attr:`~frame.f_trace_lines` 和 :attr:`~frame.f_trace_opcodes` 属性。 （由 Nick " +"Coghlan 在 :issue:`31344` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1910 +msgid "" +"Fixed some consistency problems with namespace package module attributes. " +"Namespace module objects now have an ``__file__`` that is set to ``None`` " +"(previously unset), and their ``__spec__.origin`` is also set to ``None`` " +"(previously the string ``\"namespace\"``). See :issue:`32305`. Also, the " +"namespace module object's ``__spec__.loader`` is set to the same value as " +"``__loader__`` (previously, the former was set to ``None``). See " +":issue:`32303`." +msgstr "" +"修复了一些命名空间包模块属性的一致性问题。 命名空间模块对象的 ``__file__`` 被设置为 ``None`` (原先未设置)，对象的 " +"``__spec__.origin`` 也被设置为 ``None`` (之前为字符串 ``\"namespace\"``)。 参见 " +":issue:`32305`。 而且，命名空间模块对象的 ``__spec__.loader`` 被设置的值与 ``__loader__`` 相同 " +"(原先前者被设置为 ``None``)。 参见 :issue:`32303`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1918 +msgid "" +"The :func:`locals` dictionary now displays in the lexical order that " +"variables were defined. Previously, the order was undefined. (Contributed " +"by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`32690`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`locals` 字典现在以变量定义的词法顺序显示。 原先未定义顺序。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`32690` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1922 +msgid "" +"The ``distutils`` ``upload`` command no longer tries to change CR end-of-" +"line characters to CRLF. This fixes a corruption issue with sdists that " +"ended with a byte equivalent to CR. (Contributed by Bo Bayles in " +":issue:`32304`.)" +msgstr "" +"``distutils`` ``upload`` 命令不会再试图将行结束符 CR 改为 CRLF。 这修复了 sdists 的一个以与 CR " +"等价的字节结束的数据损坏问题。 （由 Bo Bayles 在 :issue:`32304` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1929 +msgid "Deprecated Python Behavior" +msgstr "已弃用的 Python 行为" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1931 +msgid "" +"Yield expressions (both ``yield`` and ``yield from`` clauses) are now " +"deprecated in comprehensions and generator expressions (aside from the " +"iterable expression in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause). This ensures " +"that comprehensions always immediately return a container of the appropriate" +" type (rather than potentially returning a :term:`generator iterator` " +"object), while generator expressions won't attempt to interleave their " +"implicit output with the output from any explicit yield expressions. In " +"Python 3.7, such expressions emit :exc:`DeprecationWarning` when compiled, " +"in Python 3.8 this will be a :exc:`SyntaxError`. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`10544`.)" +msgstr "" +"在推导式和生成器表达式中的 yield 语句（包括 ``yield`` 和 ``yield from`` 子句）现在已弃用（最左端的 " +":keyword:`!for` 子句中的可迭代对象表达式除外）。 这确保了推导式总是立即返回适当类型的容器（而不是有可能返回 " +":term:`generator iterator` 对象），这样生成器表达式不会试图将它们的隐式输出与任何来自显式 yield 表达式的输出交错起来。" +" 在 Python 3.7 中，这样的表达式会在编译时引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`，在 Python 3.8 中则将引发 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`10544` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1942 +msgid "" +"Returning a subclass of :class:`complex` from :meth:`object.__complex__` is " +"deprecated and will be an error in future Python versions. This makes " +"``__complex__()`` consistent with :meth:`object.__int__` and " +":meth:`object.__float__`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`28894`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 :meth:`object.__complex__` 返回一个 :class:`complex` 的子类的行为已弃用并将在未来的 Python " +"版本中引发错误。 这使得 ``__complex__()`` 的行为与 :meth:`object.__int__` 和 " +":meth:`object.__float__` 保持一致。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`28894` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1951 +msgid "Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods" +msgstr "已弃用的 Python 模块、函数和方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1954 +msgid "aifc" +msgstr "aifc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1956 +msgid "" +":func:`!aifc.openfp` has been deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.9. " +"Use :func:`!aifc.open` instead. (Contributed by Brian Curtin in " +":issue:`31985`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!aifc.openfp` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.9 中移除。 请改用 :func:`!aifc.open`。 （由 " +"Brian Curtin 在 :issue:`31985` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1966 +msgid "" +"Support for directly ``await``-ing instances of :class:`asyncio.Lock` and " +"other asyncio synchronization primitives has been deprecated. An " +"asynchronous context manager must be used in order to acquire and release " +"the synchronization resource. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in " +":issue:`32253`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 :class:`asyncio.Lock` 和其他 asyncio 同步原语的 ``await`` 实例的直接支持已弃用。 " +"想要获取并释放同步资源必须使用异步上下文管理器。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 :issue:`32253` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1972 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!asyncio.Task.current_task` and :meth:`!asyncio.Task.all_tasks` " +"methods have been deprecated. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in " +":issue:`32250`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!asyncio.Task.current_task` 和 :meth:`!asyncio.Task.all_tasks` 方法已被弃用。" +" （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 :issue:`32250` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1980 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.8, the abstract base classes in :mod:`collections.abc` will no " +"longer be exposed in the regular :mod:`collections` module. This will help " +"create a clearer distinction between the concrete classes and the abstract " +"base classes. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25988`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.8 中，:mod:`collections.abc` 内的抽象基类将不会再通过常规的 :mod:`collections` " +"模块公开。 这有助于更清晰地区别具体类与抽象基类。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`25988` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:1990 +msgid "" +":mod:`dbm.dumb` now supports reading read-only files and no longer writes " +"the index file when it is not changed. A deprecation warning is now emitted" +" if the index file is missing and recreated in the ``'r'`` and ``'w'`` modes" +" (this will be an error in future Python releases). (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`28847`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`dbm.dumb` 现在支持读取只读文件，且当其未被更改时不会再写入索引文件。 现在如果索引文件丢失并在 ``'r'`` 与 ``'w'``" +" 模式下被重新创建，则会发出已弃用警告（在未来的 Python 发布版中将改为错误）。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`28847` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2000 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.8, attempting to check for non-Enum objects in :class:`Enum` " +"classes will raise a :exc:`TypeError` (e.g. ``1 in Color``); similarly, " +"attempting to check for non-Flag objects in a :class:`Flag` member will " +"raise :exc:`TypeError` (e.g. ``1 in Perm.RW``); currently, both operations " +"return :const:`False` instead. (Contributed by Ethan Furman in " +":issue:`33217`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.8 中，尝试在 :class:`Enum` 类中检查非 Enum 对象将引发 :exc:`TypeError` (例如 ``1 " +"in Color``)；类似地，尝试在 :class:`Flag` 成员中检查非 Flag 对象也将引发 :exc:`TypeError` (例如 " +"``1 in Perm.RW``)；目前，两种操作均会返回 :const:`False`。 （由 Ethan Furman 在 " +":issue:`33217` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2009 +msgid "gettext" +msgstr "gettext" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2011 +msgid "" +"Using non-integer value for selecting a plural form in :mod:`gettext` is now" +" deprecated. It never correctly worked. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in" +" :issue:`28692`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用非整数值在 :mod:`gettext` 中选择复数形式现在已弃用。 它从未正确地发挥作用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`28692` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2019 +msgid "" +"Methods :meth:`!MetaPathFinder.find_module` (replaced by " +":meth:`MetaPathFinder.find_spec() `)" +" and :meth:`!PathEntryFinder.find_loader` (replaced by " +":meth:`PathEntryFinder.find_spec() " +"`) both deprecated in Python 3.4 " +"now emit :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. (Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier in " +":issue:`29576`.)" +msgstr "" +"方法 :meth:`!MetaPathFinder.find_module` (被 :meth:`MetaPathFinder.find_spec() " +"` 替代) 和 " +":meth:`!PathEntryFinder.find_loader` (被 :meth:`PathEntryFinder.find_spec() " +"` 替代) 都已在 Python 3.4 中被弃用，现在会发出 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Matthias Bussonnier 在 :issue:`29576` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2030 +msgid "" +"The :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceLoader` ABC has been deprecated in favour " +"of :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader`." +msgstr "" +":class:`importlib.abc.ResourceLoader` ABC 已弃用，推荐改用 " +":class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2037 +msgid "" +":func:`locale.format` has been deprecated, use :meth:`locale.format_string` " +"instead. (Contributed by Garvit in :issue:`10379`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`locale.format` 已弃用，请改用 :meth:`locale.format_string`。 （由 Garvit 在 " +":issue:`10379` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2042 +msgid "macpath" +msgstr "macpath" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2044 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`macpath` is now deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.8. " +"(Contributed by Chi Hsuan Yen in :issue:`9850`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`macpath` 现在已弃用，将在 Python 3.8 中被移除。 （由 Chi Hsuan Yen 在 :issue:`9850` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2049 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2051 +msgid "" +":mod:`!dummy_threading` and :mod:`!_dummy_thread` have been deprecated. It " +"is no longer possible to build Python with threading disabled. Use " +":mod:`threading` instead. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`31370`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`!dummy_threading` 和 :mod:`!_dummy_thread` 已被弃用。 构建禁用线程的 Python 已不再可能。 " +"请改用 :mod:`threading`。 （由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`31370` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2060 +msgid "" +"The silent argument value truncation in :func:`socket.htons` and " +":func:`socket.ntohs` has been deprecated. In future versions of Python, if " +"the passed argument is larger than 16 bits, an exception will be raised. " +"(Contributed by Oren Milman in :issue:`28332`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`socket.htons` 和 :func:`socket.ntohs` 中的静默参数截断已弃用。 在未来的 Python " +"版本中，如果传入的参数长度大于 16 比特位，将会引发异常。 （由 Oren Milman 在 :issue:`28332` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2069 +msgid "" +":func:`ssl.wrap_socket` is deprecated. Use " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` instead. (Contributed by Christian Heimes" +" in :issue:`28124`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`ssl.wrap_socket` 已弃用。 请改用 :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket`。 （由 " +"Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`28124` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2075 +msgid "sunau" +msgstr "sunau" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2077 +msgid "" +":func:`!sunau.openfp` has been deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.9." +" Use :func:`!sunau.open` instead. (Contributed by Brian Curtin in " +":issue:`31985`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!sunau.openfp` 已被弃用并将在 Python 3.9 中移除。 请改用 :func:`!sunau.open`。 （由 " +"Brian Curtin 在 :issue:`31985` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2085 +msgid "" +"Deprecated :func:`sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` and " +":func:`sys.get_coroutine_wrapper`." +msgstr "" +"已弃用 :func:`sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` 和 :func:`sys.get_coroutine_wrapper`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2088 +msgid "" +"The undocumented ``sys.callstats()`` function has been deprecated and will " +"be removed in a future Python version. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`28799`.)" +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的 ``sys.callstats()`` 函数已弃用并将在未来的 Python 版本中被移除。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`28799` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2094 +msgid "wave" +msgstr "wave" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2096 +msgid "" +":func:`wave.openfp` has been deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.9. " +"Use :func:`wave.open` instead. (Contributed by Brian Curtin in " +":issue:`31985`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`wave.openfp` 已弃用并将在 Python 3.9 中被移除。 请改用 :func:`wave.open`。 （由 Brian " +"Curtin 在 :issue:`31985` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2102 +msgid "Deprecated functions and types of the C API" +msgstr "已弃用的 C API 函数和类型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"Function :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx` is deprecated and replaced with a " +"macro if ``Py_LIMITED_API`` is not set or set to a value in the range " +"between ``0x03050400`` and ``0x03060000`` (not inclusive), or is " +"``0x03060100`` or higher. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`27867`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 未设定或设定为范围在 ``0x03050400`` 和 ``0x03060000`` (不含) 之间，或为 " +"``0x03060100`` 或更高的值，函数 :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx` 已弃用并被一个宏所替代。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`27867` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2109 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork` has been deprecated. Use " +":c:func:`PyOS_BeforeFork`, :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Parent` or " +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child()` instead. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in " +":issue:`16500`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork` 已弃用。 请改用 :c:func:`PyOS_BeforeFork`, " +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Parent` 或 :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child()`。 （由 " +"Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`16500` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2117 +msgid "Platform Support Removals" +msgstr "平台支持的移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2119 +msgid "FreeBSD 9 and older are no longer officially supported." +msgstr "官方已不再支持 FreeBSD 9 及更旧的版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2120 +msgid "" +"For full Unicode support, including within extension modules, \\*nix " +"platforms are now expected to provide at least one of ``C.UTF-8`` (full " +"locale), ``C.utf8`` (full locale) or ``UTF-8`` (``LC_CTYPE``-only locale) as" +" an alternative to the legacy ``ASCII``-based ``C`` locale." +msgstr "" +"为了完整的 Unicode 支持，包括在扩展模块之内，\\*nix 平台现在至少应当提供 ``C.UTF-8`` (完整区域), ``C.utf8`` " +"(完整区域) 或 ``UTF-8`` (``LC_CTYPE`` 专属区域) 中的一个作为基于 ``ASCII`` 的传统 ``C`` 区域的替代。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"OpenSSL 0.9.8 and 1.0.1 are no longer supported, which means building " +"CPython 3.7 with SSL/TLS support on older platforms still using these " +"versions requires custom build options that link to a more recent version of" +" OpenSSL." +msgstr "" +"OpenSSL 0.9.8 和 1.0.1 已不再受支持，这意味着在仍然使用这些版本的旧平台上构建带有 SSL/TLS 支持的 CPython 3.7 " +"时，需要自定义构建选项以链接到更新的 OpenSSL 版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2128 +msgid "" +"Notably, this issue affects the Debian 8 (aka \"jessie\") and Ubuntu 14.04 " +"(aka \"Trusty\") LTS Linux distributions, as they still use OpenSSL 1.0.1 by" +" default." +msgstr "" +"注意，此问题会影响到 Debian 8 (代号“jessie”) 和 Ubuntu 14.04 (代号“Trusty”) 等长期支持 Linux " +"发行版，因为它们默认仍然使用 OpenSSL 1.0.1。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2132 +msgid "" +"Debian 9 (\"stretch\") and Ubuntu 16.04 (\"xenial\"), as well as recent " +"releases of other LTS Linux releases (e.g. RHEL/CentOS 7.5, SLES 12-SP3), " +"use OpenSSL 1.0.2 or later, and remain supported in the default build " +"configuration." +msgstr "" +"Debian 9 (“stretch”) 和 Ubuntu 16.04 (“xenial”) 以及其他最新的长期支持 Linux 发行版 (例如 " +"RHEL/CentOS 7.5, SLES 12-SP3) 都使用 OpenSSL 1.0.2 或更新的版本，因此继续在默认的构建配置中受到支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2136 +msgid "" +"CPython's own `CI configuration file " +"`_ provides an " +"example of using the SSL :source:`compatibility testing infrastructure " +"` in CPython's test suite to build and link " +"against OpenSSL 1.1.0 rather than an outdated system provided OpenSSL." +msgstr "" +"CPython 自己的 `CI 配置文件 " +"`_ 提供了一个使用 " +"CPython 测试套件中的 SSL :source:`兼容性测试架构 ` 基于 OpenSSL" +" 1.1.0 而非系统所提供的过时 OpenSSL 进行构建和链接的例子。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2145 +msgid "API and Feature Removals" +msgstr "API 与特性的移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2147 +msgid "The following features and APIs have been removed from Python 3.7:" +msgstr "下列特性与 API 已从 Python 3.7 中移除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2149 +msgid "" +"The ``os.stat_float_times()`` function has been removed. It was introduced " +"in Python 2.3 for backward compatibility with Python 2.2, and was deprecated" +" since Python 3.1." +msgstr "" +"``os.stat_float_times()`` 函数已被移除。 它在 Python 2.3 中被引入用于向下兼容 Python 2.2，并自 " +"Python 3.1 起就已弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2153 +msgid "" +"Unknown escapes consisting of ``'\\'`` and an ASCII letter in replacement " +"templates for :func:`re.sub` were deprecated in Python 3.5, and will now " +"cause an error." +msgstr "" +"在 :func:`re.sub` 的替换模块中由 ``'\\'`` 与一个 ASCII 字母构成的未知转义在 Python 3.5 " +"中已弃用，现在将会引发错误。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2157 +msgid "" +"Removed support of the *exclude* argument in :meth:`tarfile.TarFile.add`. It" +" was deprecated in Python 2.7 and 3.2. Use the *filter* argument instead." +msgstr "" +"在 :meth:`tarfile.TarFile.add` 中移除了对 *exclude* 参数的支持。 它在 Python 2.7 和 3.2 " +"中已弃用。 请改用 *filter* 参数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2160 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!ntpath.splitunc` function was deprecated in Python 3.1, and has " +"now been removed. Use :func:`~os.path.splitdrive` instead." +msgstr "" +":func:`!ntpath.splitunc` 函数在 Python 3.1 中被弃用，现在已被移除。 请改用 " +":func:`~os.path.splitdrive`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2164 +msgid "" +":func:`collections.namedtuple` no longer supports the *verbose* parameter or" +" ``_source`` attribute which showed the generated source code for the named " +"tuple class. This was part of an optimization designed to speed-up class " +"creation. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra with further improvements by INADA" +" Naoki, Serhiy Storchaka, and Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`28638`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`collections.namedtuple` 不再支持 *verbose* 形参或 ``_source`` " +"属性，该属性会显示为具名元组类所生成的源代码。 这是加速类创建的设计优化的一部分。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :issue:`28638`" +" 中贡献，进一步的改进由 INADA Naoki, Serhiy Storchaka 和 Raymond Hettinger 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2170 +msgid "" +"Functions :func:`bool`, :func:`float`, :func:`list` and :func:`tuple` no " +"longer take keyword arguments. The first argument of :func:`int` can now be" +" passed only as positional argument." +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`bool`, :func:`float`, :func:`list` 和 :func:`tuple` 不再接受关键字参数。 " +":func:`int` 的第一个参数现在只能作为位置参数传入。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2174 +msgid "" +"Removed previously deprecated in Python 2.4 classes ``Plist``, ``Dict`` and " +"``_InternalDict`` in the :mod:`plistlib` module. Dict values in the result " +"of functions :func:`~plistlib.readPlist` and " +":func:`~plistlib.readPlistFromBytes` are now normal dicts. You no longer " +"can use attribute access to access items of these dictionaries." +msgstr "" +"移除了之前在 Python 2.4 中已弃用的 :mod:`plistlib` 模块的类 ``Plist``, ``Dict`` 和 " +"``_InternalDict``。 作为函数 :func:`~plistlib.readPlist` 和 " +":func:`~plistlib.readPlistFromBytes` 返回结果的 Dict 值现在为普通 dict。 " +"你不能再使用属性访问来获取这些字典的项。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2180 +msgid "" +"The ``asyncio.windows_utils.socketpair()`` function has been removed. Use " +"the :func:`socket.socketpair` function instead, it is available on all " +"platforms since Python 3.5. ``asyncio.windows_utils.socketpair`` was just an" +" alias to ``socket.socketpair`` on Python 3.5 and newer." +msgstr "" +"``asyncio.windows_utils.socketpair()`` 函数已被移除。 请改用 :func:`socket.socketpair`" +" 函数，它自 Python 3.5 起就在所有平台上可用。 ``asyncio.windows_utils.socketpair`` 在 Python " +"3.5 及更新版本上只是 ``socket.socketpair`` 的别名。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2186 +msgid "" +":mod:`asyncio` no longer exports the :mod:`selectors` and " +":mod:`!_overlapped` modules as ``asyncio.selectors`` and " +"``asyncio._overlapped``. Replace ``from asyncio import selectors`` with " +"``import selectors``." +msgstr "" +":mod:`asyncio` 不再将 :mod:`selectors` 和 :mod:`!_overlapped` 模块导出为 " +"``asyncio.selectors`` 和 ``asyncio._overlapped``。 请将 ``from asyncio import " +"selectors`` 替换为 ``import selectors``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2191 +msgid "" +"Direct instantiation of :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` and :class:`ssl.SSLObject` " +"objects is now prohibited. The constructors were never documented, tested, " +"or designed as public constructors. Users were supposed to use " +":func:`ssl.wrap_socket` or :class:`ssl.SSLContext`. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :issue:`32951`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在已禁止直接实例化 :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` 和 :class:`ssl.SSLObject` 对象。 " +"相应构造器从未写入文档、也从未作为公有构造器进行测试或设计。 用户应当使用 :func:`ssl.wrap_socket` 或 " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext`。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`32951` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2197 +msgid "" +"The unused ``distutils`` ``install_misc`` command has been removed. " +"(Contributed by Eric N. Vander Weele in :issue:`29218`.)" +msgstr "" +"未被使用的 ``distutils`` ``install_misc`` 命令已被移除。 （由 Eric N. Vander Weele 在 " +":issue:`29218` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2202 +msgid "Module Removals" +msgstr "移除的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2204 +msgid "" +"The ``fpectl`` module has been removed. It was never enabled by default, " +"never worked correctly on x86-64, and it changed the Python ABI in ways that" +" caused unexpected breakage of C extensions. (Contributed by Nathaniel J. " +"Smith in :issue:`29137`.)" +msgstr "" +"``fpectl`` 模块已被移除。 它从未被默认启用，从未在 x86-64 上正确发挥效果，并且它对 Python ABI 的改变会导致 C " +"扩展的意外损坏。 （由 Nathaniel J. Smith 在 :issue:`29137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2211 ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2487 +msgid "Windows-only Changes" +msgstr "Windows 专属的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2213 +msgid "" +"The python launcher, (py.exe), can accept 32 & 64 bit specifiers **without**" +" having to specify a minor version as well. So ``py -3-32`` and ``py -3-64``" +" become valid as well as ``py -3.7-32``, also the -*m*-64 and -*m.n*-64 " +"forms are now accepted to force 64 bit python even if 32 bit would have " +"otherwise been used. If the specified version is not available py.exe will " +"error exit. (Contributed by Steve Barnes in :issue:`30291`.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 启动器（py.exe）可以接受 32 位或 64 位标记而 **不必** 同时指定一个小版本。 因此 ``py -3-32`` 和 " +"``py -3-64`` 与 ``py -3.7-32`` 均为有效，并且现在还接受 -*m*-64 和 -*m.n*-64 来强制使用 64 位 " +"python 命令，即使是本应使用 32 位的时候。 如果指定版本不可用则 py.exe 将报错退出。 （由 Steve Barnes 在 " +":issue:`30291` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2220 +msgid "" +"The launcher can be run as ``py -0`` to produce a list of the installed " +"pythons, *with default marked with an asterisk*. Running ``py -0p`` will " +"include the paths. If py is run with a version specifier that cannot be " +"matched it will also print the *short form* list of available specifiers. " +"(Contributed by Steve Barnes in :issue:`30362`.)" +msgstr "" +"启动器可以运行 ``py -0`` 来列出已安装的所有 python，*默认版本会以星号标出*。 运行 ``py -0p`` 将同时列出相应的路径。 " +"如果运行 py 时指定了无法匹配的版本，它将显示 *简短形式* 的可用版本列表。 （由 Steve Barnes 在 :issue:`30362` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2230 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.7" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.7" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2232 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2237 +msgid "Changes in Python Behavior" +msgstr "Python 行为的更改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2239 +msgid "" +":keyword:`async` and :keyword:`await` names are now reserved keywords. Code " +"using these names as identifiers will now raise a :exc:`SyntaxError`. " +"(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :issue:`30406`.)" +msgstr "" +":keyword:`async` 和 :keyword:`await` 现在是保留关键字。 使用了这些名称作为标识符的代码现在将引发 " +":exc:`SyntaxError`。 （由 Jelle Zijlstra 在 :issue:`30406` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2243 +msgid "" +":pep:`479` is enabled for all code in Python 3.7, meaning that " +":exc:`StopIteration` exceptions raised directly or indirectly in coroutines " +"and generators are transformed into :exc:`RuntimeError` exceptions. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32670`.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`479` 在 Python 3.7 中对所有代码启用，在协程和生成器中直接或间接引发的 :exc:`StopIteration` " +"异常会被转换为 :exc:`RuntimeError` 异常。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32670` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2249 +msgid "" +":meth:`object.__aiter__` methods can no longer be declared as asynchronous." +" (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`31709`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`object.__aiter__` 方法不再能被声明为异步的。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`31709` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2252 +msgid "" +"Due to an oversight, earlier Python versions erroneously accepted the " +"following syntax::" +msgstr "由于一个疏忽，之前的 Python 版本会错误地接受以下语法::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2255 +msgid "" +"f(1 for x in [1],)\n" +"\n" +"class C(1 for x in [1]):\n" +" pass" +msgstr "" +"f(1 for x in [1],)\n" +"\n" +"class C(1 for x in [1]):\n" +" pass" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2260 +msgid "" +"Python 3.7 now correctly raises a :exc:`SyntaxError`, as a generator " +"expression always needs to be directly inside a set of parentheses and " +"cannot have a comma on either side, and the duplication of the parentheses " +"can be omitted only on calls. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`32012` and :issue:`32023`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 Python 3.7 会正确地引发 :exc:`SyntaxError`，因为生成器表达式总是必须直接包含于一对括号之内， " +"且前后都不能有逗号，仅在调用时可以忽略重复的括号。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`32012` 和 " +":issue:`32023` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2266 +msgid "" +"When using the :option:`-m` switch, the initial working directory is now " +"added to :data:`sys.path`, rather than an empty string (which dynamically " +"denoted the current working directory at the time of each import). Any " +"programs that are checking for the empty string, or otherwise relying on the" +" previous behaviour, will need to be updated accordingly (e.g. by also " +"checking for ``os.getcwd()`` or ``os.path.dirname(__main__.__file__)``, " +"depending on why the code was checking for the empty string in the first " +"place)." +msgstr "" +"现在当使用 :option:`-m` 开关时，会将初始工作目录添加到 " +":data:`sys.path`，而不再是一个空字符串（即在每次导入时动态地指明当前工作目录）。 " +"任何会检测该空字符串，或是以其他方式依赖之前行为的的程序将需要进行相应的更新（例如改为还要检测 ``os.getcwd()`` 或 " +"``os.path.dirname(__main__.__file__)``，具体做法首先要取决于为何要对代码执行空字符串检测）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2276 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2278 +msgid "" +":meth:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn.server_close` now waits until all non-" +"daemon threads complete. Set the new " +":attr:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn.block_on_close` class attribute to " +"``False`` to get the pre-3.7 behaviour. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`31233` and :issue:`33540`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn.server_close` 现在会等待所有非守护线程完成。 将新增的 " +":attr:`socketserver.ThreadingMixIn.block_on_close` 类属性设为 ``False`` 可获得 3.7 " +"之前版本的行为。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`31233` 和 :issue:`33540` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2284 +msgid "" +":meth:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.server_close` now waits until all child " +"processes complete. Set the new " +":attr:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.block_on_close` class attribute to " +"``False`` to get the pre-3.7 behaviour. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`31151` and :issue:`33540`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.server_close` 现在会等等所有子进程完成。 将新增的 " +":attr:`socketserver.ForkingMixIn.block_on_close` 类属性设为 ``False`` 可获得 3.7 " +"之前版本的行为。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`31151` 和 :issue:`33540` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2290 +msgid "" +"The :func:`locale.localeconv` function now temporarily sets the ``LC_CTYPE``" +" locale to the value of ``LC_NUMERIC`` in some cases. (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :issue:`31900`.)" +msgstr "" +"某些情况下 :func:`locale.localeconv` 函数现在会临时将 ``LC_CTYPE`` 区域设置为 ``LC_NUMERIC`` " +"的值。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`31900` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2294 +msgid "" +":meth:`pkgutil.walk_packages` now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if *path* is a " +"string. Previously an empty list was returned. (Contributed by Sanyam " +"Khurana in :issue:`24744`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果 *path* 为字符串 :meth:`pkgutil.walk_packages` 现在会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 " +"之前则是返回一个空列表。 （由 Sanyam Khurana 在 :issue:`24744` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2298 +msgid "" +"A format string argument for :meth:`string.Formatter.format` is now " +":ref:`positional-only `. Passing it as a keyword " +"argument was deprecated in Python 3.5. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`29193`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`string.Formatter.format` 的格式字符串参数现在为 :ref:`仅限位置 ` 参数。 将其作为关键字参数传入的方式自 Python 3.5 起已弃用。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`29193` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2303 +msgid "" +"Attributes :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.key`, " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.value` and " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value` of class " +":class:`http.cookies.Morsel` are now read-only. Assigning to them was " +"deprecated in Python 3.5. Use the :meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` method " +"for setting them. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`29192`.)" +msgstr "" +"类 :class:`http.cookies.Morsel` 的属性 :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.key`, " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.value` 和 " +":attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value` 现在均为只读。 对其赋值的操作自 Python 3.5 起已弃用。 " +"要设置它们的值请使用 :meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` 方法。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`29192` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2311 +msgid "" +"The *mode* argument of :func:`os.makedirs` no longer affects the file " +"permission bits of newly created intermediate-level directories. To set " +"their file permission bits you can set the umask before invoking " +"``makedirs()``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`19930`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`os.makedirs` 的 *mode* 参数不会再影响新建中间层级目录的权限位。 要设置它们的文件权限你可以在唤起 " +"``makedirs()`` 之前设置 umask。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`19930` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2317 +msgid "" +"The :attr:`struct.Struct.format` type is now :class:`str` instead of " +":class:`bytes`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`21071`.)" +msgstr "" +":attr:`struct.Struct.format` 的类型现在是 :class:`str` 而非 :class:`bytes`。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`21071` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2320 +msgid "" +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` now accepts the *encoding* and *errors* " +"arguments and returns the same results as :class:`!FieldStorage`: for non-" +"file fields, the value associated to a key is a list of strings, not bytes. " +"(Contributed by Pierre Quentel in :issue:`29979`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` 接受 *encoding* 和 *errors* 参数并返回与 " +":class:`!FieldStorage` 相同的结果：对于非文件字段，与键相关联的值是一个字符串列表，而非字节串列表。 （由 Pierre " +"Quentel 在 :issue:`29979` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2326 +msgid "" +"Due to internal changes in :mod:`socket`, calling :func:`socket.fromshare` " +"on a socket created by :func:`socket.share ` in older " +"Python versions is not supported." +msgstr "" +"由于 :mod:`socket` 中的内部更改，在由旧版 Python 中的 :func:`socket.share " +"` 所创建的套接字上调用 :func:`socket.fromshare` 已不受支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2330 +msgid "" +"``repr`` for :exc:`BaseException` has changed to not include the trailing " +"comma. Most exceptions are affected by this change. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`30399`.)" +msgstr "" +":exc:`BaseException` 的 ``repr`` 已更改为不包含末尾的逗号。 大多数异常都会受此更改影响。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`30399` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2334 +msgid "" +"``repr`` for :class:`datetime.timedelta` has changed to include the keyword " +"arguments in the output. (Contributed by Utkarsh Upadhyay in " +":issue:`30302`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`datetime.timedelta` 的 ``repr`` 已更改为在输出中包含关键字参数。 （由 Utkarsh Upadhyay " +"在 :issue:`30302` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2337 +msgid "" +"Because :func:`shutil.rmtree` is now implemented using the " +":func:`os.scandir` function, the user specified handler *onerror* is now " +"called with the first argument ``os.scandir`` instead of ``os.listdir`` when" +" listing the directory is failed." +msgstr "" +"因为 :func:`shutil.rmtree` 现在是使用 :func:`os.scandir` 函数实现的，用户指定的句柄 *onerror* " +"现在被调用时如果列目录失败会附带第一个参数 ``os.scandir`` 而不是 ``os.listdir``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2342 +msgid "" +"Support for nested sets and set operations in regular expressions as in " +"`Unicode Technical Standard #18`_ might be added in the future. This would " +"change the syntax. To facilitate this future change a :exc:`FutureWarning` " +"will be raised in ambiguous cases for the time being. That include sets " +"starting with a literal ``'['`` or containing literal character sequences " +"``'--'``, ``'&&'``, ``'~~'``, and ``'||'``. To avoid a warning, escape them" +" with a backslash. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`30349`.)" +msgstr "" +"未来可能加入在正则表达式中对 `Unicode 技术标准 #18`_ 中嵌套集合与集合操作的支持。 这会改变现有语法。 " +"为了推动这项未来的改变，目前在有歧义的情况下会引发 :exc:`FutureWarning`。 这包括以字面值 ``'['`` 开头或包含字面值字符序列" +" ``'--'``, ``'&&'``, ``'~~'`` 以及 ``'||'`` 的集合。 要避免警告，请用反斜杠对其进行转义。 （由 Serhiy" +" Storchaka 在 :issue:`30349` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2353 +msgid "" +"The result of splitting a string on a :mod:`regular expression ` that " +"could match an empty string has been changed. For example splitting on " +"``r'\\s*'`` will now split not only on whitespaces as it did previously, but" +" also on empty strings before all non-whitespace characters and just before " +"the end of the string. The previous behavior can be restored by changing the" +" pattern to ``r'\\s+'``. A :exc:`FutureWarning` was emitted for such " +"patterns since Python 3.5." +msgstr "" +"基于可以匹配空字符串的 :mod:`正则表达式 ` 对字符串进行拆分的结果已被更改。 例如基于 ``r'\\s*'`` " +"的拆分现在不仅会像原先那样拆分空格符，而且会拆分所有非空格字符之前和字符串结尾处的空字符串。 通过将模式修改为 ``r'\\s+'`` " +"可以恢复原先的行为。 自 Python 3.5 开始此类模式将会引发 :exc:`FutureWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2362 +msgid "" +"For patterns that match both empty and non-empty strings, the result of " +"searching for all matches may also be changed in other cases. For example " +"in the string ``'a\\n\\n'``, the pattern ``r'(?m)^\\s*?$'`` will not only " +"match empty strings at positions 2 and 3, but also the string ``'\\n'`` at " +"positions 2--3. To match only blank lines, the pattern should be rewritten " +"as ``r'(?m)^[^\\S\\n]*$'``." +msgstr "" +"对于同时匹配空字符串和非空字符串的模式，在其他情况下搜索所有匹配的结果也可能会被更改。 例如在字符串 ``'a\\n\\n'`` 中，模式 " +"``r'(?m)^\\s*?$'`` 将不仅会匹配位置 2 和 3 上的空字符串，还会匹配位置 2--3 上的字符串 ``'\\n'``。 " +"想要只匹配空行，模式应当改写为 ``r'(?m)^[^\\S\\n]*$'``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2369 +msgid "" +":func:`re.sub` now replaces empty matches adjacent to a previous non-empty " +"match. For example ``re.sub('x*', '-', 'abxd')`` returns now ``'-a-b--d-'``" +" instead of ``'-a-b-d-'`` (the first minus between 'b' and 'd' replaces 'x'," +" and the second minus replaces an empty string between 'x' and 'd')." +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`re.sub` 会替换与前一个非空匹配相邻的空匹配。 例如 ``re.sub('x*', '-', 'abxd')`` 现在将返回 " +"``'-a-b--d-'`` 而不是 ``'-a-b-d-'`` ('b' 和 'd' 之间的第一个减号是替换 'x'，而第二个减号是替换 'x' 和 " +"'d' 之前的空字符串)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2375 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`25054` and :issue:`32308`.)" +msgstr "（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`25054` 和 :issue:`32308` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2377 +msgid "" +"Change :func:`re.escape` to only escape regex special characters instead of " +"escaping all characters other than ASCII letters, numbers, and ``'_'``. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`29995`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`re.escape` 更改为只转义正则表达式特殊字符，而不转义 ASCII 字母、数字和 ``'_'`` 以外的所有字符。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`29995` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2381 +msgid "" +":class:`tracemalloc.Traceback` frames are now sorted from oldest to most " +"recent to be more consistent with :mod:`traceback`. (Contributed by Jesse " +"Bakker in :issue:`32121`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`tracemalloc.Traceback` 帧现在是按从最旧到最新排序，以便与 :mod:`traceback` 更为一致。 （由 " +"Jesse Bakker 在 :issue:`32121` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2385 +msgid "" +"On OSes that support :const:`socket.SOCK_NONBLOCK` or " +":const:`socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC` bit flags, the :attr:`socket.type " +"` no longer has them applied. Therefore, checks like " +"``if sock.type == socket.SOCK_STREAM`` work as expected on all platforms. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32331`.)" +msgstr "" +"在支持 :const:`socket.SOCK_NONBLOCK` 或 :const:`socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC` " +"标志位的操作系统上，:attr:`socket.type ` 不再应用它们。 因此，像 ``if " +"sock.type == socket.SOCK_STREAM`` 之类的检测会在所有平台上按预期的方式工作。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 " +":issue:`32331` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2392 +msgid "" +"On Windows the default for the *close_fds* argument of " +":class:`subprocess.Popen` was changed from :const:`False` to :const:`True` " +"when redirecting the standard handles. If you previously depended on handles" +" being inherited when using :class:`subprocess.Popen` with standard io " +"redirection, you will have to pass ``close_fds=False`` to preserve the " +"previous behaviour, or use :attr:`STARTUPINFO.lpAttributeList " +"`." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上当重定向标准句柄时，:class:`subprocess.Popen` 的 *close_fds* 参数的默认值从 " +":const:`False` 更改为 :const:`True`。 如果你以前依赖于在使用带有标准 io 重定向的 " +":class:`subprocess.Popen` 时所继承的句柄，则必须传入 ``close_fds=False`` 以保留原先的行为，或是使用 " +":attr:`STARTUPINFO.lpAttributeList " +"`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2400 +msgid "" +":meth:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder.invalidate_caches` -- which implicitly" +" affects :func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` -- now deletes entries in " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` which are set to ``None``. (Contributed by " +"Brett Cannon in :issue:`33169`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`importlib.machinery.PathFinder.invalidate_caches` -- 此方法隐式地影响 " +":func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` -- 现在会删除 :data:`sys.path_importer_cache`" +" 中被设为 ``None`` 的条目。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`33169` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2405 +msgid "" +"In :mod:`asyncio`, :meth:`loop.sock_recv() `, " +":meth:`loop.sock_sendall() `, " +":meth:`loop.sock_accept() `, " +":meth:`loop.getaddrinfo() `, " +":meth:`loop.getnameinfo() ` have been changed to " +"be proper coroutine methods to match their documentation. Previously, these" +" methods returned :class:`asyncio.Future` instances. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`32327`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`asyncio` 中，:meth:`loop.sock_recv() `, " +":meth:`loop.sock_sendall() `, " +":meth:`loop.sock_accept() `, " +":meth:`loop.getaddrinfo() `, " +":meth:`loop.getnameinfo() ` " +"已被更改为正确的协程方法以与培训五日文档相匹配。 之前，这些方法会返回 :class:`asyncio.Future` 实例。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 在 :issue:`32327` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2416 +msgid "" +":attr:`asyncio.Server.sockets` now returns a copy of the internal list of " +"server sockets, instead of returning it directly. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`32662`.)" +msgstr "" +":attr:`asyncio.Server.sockets` 现在会返回服务器套接字列表的副本，而不是直接地返回它。 （由 Yury Selivanov" +" 在 :issue:`32662` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2420 +msgid "" +":attr:`Struct.format ` is now a :class:`str` instance " +"instead of a :class:`bytes` instance. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`21071`.)" +msgstr "" +":attr:`Struct.format ` 现在是一个 :class:`str` 实例而非 " +":class:`bytes` 实例。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`21071` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2424 +msgid "" +":mod:`argparse` subparsers can now be made mandatory by passing " +"``required=True`` to :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_subparsers() " +"`. (Contributed by Anthony Sottile " +"in :issue:`26510`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在可以通过将 ``required=True`` 传给 :meth:`ArgumentParser.add_subparsers() " +"` 使得 :mod:`argparse` 子解析器成为必需的。 （由 " +"Anthony Sottile 在 :issue:`26510` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2428 +msgid "" +":meth:`ast.literal_eval` is now stricter. Addition and subtraction of " +"arbitrary numbers are no longer allowed. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in" +" :issue:`31778`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`ast.literal_eval` 现在变得更为严格。 任意地加减数字已不再被允许。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`31778` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2432 +msgid "" +":meth:`Calendar.itermonthdates ` will now " +"consistently raise an exception when a date falls outside of the " +"``0001-01-01`` through ``9999-12-31`` range. To support applications that " +"cannot tolerate such exceptions, the new :meth:`Calendar.itermonthdays3 " +"` and :meth:`Calendar.itermonthdays4 " +"` can be used. The new methods return " +"tuples and are not restricted by the range supported by " +":class:`datetime.date`. (Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky in " +":issue:`28292`.)" +msgstr "" +"当一个日期超出 ``0001-01-01`` 到 ``9999-12-31`` 范围时 :meth:`Calendar.itermonthdates " +"` 现在将始终如一地引发异常，以便支持不能容忍此类异常的应用程序，可以使用新增的 " +":meth:`Calendar.itermonthdays3 ` 和 " +":meth:`Calendar.itermonthdays4 `。 " +"这些新方法返回元组，并且其不受 :class:`datetime.date` 所支持的范围限制。 （由 Alexander Belopolsky 在 " +":issue:`28292` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2442 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.ChainMap` now preserves the order of the underlying " +"mappings. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`32792`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`collections.ChainMap` 现在会保留底层映射的顺序。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`32792` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2445 +msgid "" +"The ``submit()`` method of :class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` " +"and :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` now raises a " +":exc:`RuntimeError` if called during interpreter shutdown. (Contributed by " +"Mark Nemec in :issue:`33097`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果在解释器关闭期间被调用，:class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 和 " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` 的 ``submit()`` 方法现在会引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。 （由 Mark Nemec 在 :issue:`33097` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2450 +msgid "" +"The :class:`configparser.ConfigParser` constructor now uses ``read_dict()`` " +"to process the default values, making its behavior consistent with the rest " +"of the parser. Non-string keys and values in the defaults dictionary are " +"now being implicitly converted to strings. (Contributed by James Tocknell in" +" :issue:`23835`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`configparser.ConfigParser` 构造器现在使用 ``read_dict()`` " +"来处理默认值，以使其行为与解析器的其余部分保持致。 在默认字典中的非字符串键和值现在会被隐式地转换为字符串。 （由 James Tocknell 在 " +":issue:`23835` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2456 +msgid "" +"Several undocumented internal imports were removed. One example is that " +"``os.errno`` is no longer available; use ``import errno`` directly instead. " +"Note that such undocumented internal imports may be removed any time without" +" notice, even in micro version releases." +msgstr "" +"一些未写入文档的内部导入已被移除。 一个例子是 ``os.errno`` 已不再可用；应改为直接使用 ``import errno``。 " +"请注意此类未写入文档的内部导入可能未经通知地随时被移除，甚至是在微版本号发行版中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2464 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2466 +msgid "" +"The function :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx` is considered unsafe for " +"resizable sequences. If the slice indices are not instances of " +":class:`int`, but objects that implement the :meth:`!__index__` method, the " +"sequence can be resized after passing its length to " +":c:func:`!PySlice_GetIndicesEx`. This can lead to returning indices out of " +"the length of the sequence. For avoiding possible problems use new " +"functions :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and :c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`27867`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数 :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx` 被认为对于大小可变的序列来说并不安全。 如果切片索引不是 :class:`int` " +"的实例，而是实现了 :meth:`!__index__` 方法的对象，则序列可以在其长度被传给 " +":c:func:`!PySlice_GetIndicesEx` 之后调整大小。 这可能导致返回超出序列长度的索引号。 " +"为了避免可能的问题，请使用新增的函数 :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` 和 " +":c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`27867` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2477 +msgid "CPython bytecode changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2479 +msgid "" +"There are two new opcodes: :opcode:`LOAD_METHOD` and :opcode:`!CALL_METHOD`." +" (Contributed by Yury Selivanov and INADA Naoki in :issue:`26110`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增两个操作码: :opcode:`LOAD_METHOD` 和 :opcode:`!CALL_METHOD`。 （由 Yury Selivanov 和" +" INADA Naoki 在 :issue:`26110` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2482 +msgid "" +"The :opcode:`!STORE_ANNOTATION` opcode has been removed. (Contributed by " +"Mark Shannon in :issue:`32550`.)" +msgstr "" +":opcode:`!STORE_ANNOTATION` 操作码已被移除。 （由 Mark Shannon 在 :issue:`32550` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2489 +msgid "" +"The file used to override :data:`sys.path` is now called ``._pth`` instead of ``'sys.path'``. See " +":ref:`windows_finding_modules` for more information. (Contributed by Steve " +"Dower in :issue:`28137`.)" +msgstr "" +"用于覆盖 :data:`sys.path` 的文件现在被命名为 ``._pth`` 而不是 " +"``'sys.path'``。 请参阅 :ref:`windows_finding_modules` 了解更多信息。 （由 Steve Dower 在 " +":issue:`28137` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2496 +msgid "Other CPython implementation changes" +msgstr "其他 CPython 实现的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2498 +msgid "" +"In preparation for potential future changes to the public CPython runtime " +"initialization API (see :pep:`432` for an initial, but somewhat outdated, " +"draft), CPython's internal startup and configuration management logic has " +"been significantly refactored. While these updates are intended to be " +"entirely transparent to both embedding applications and users of the regular" +" CPython CLI, they're being mentioned here as the refactoring changes the " +"internal order of various operations during interpreter startup, and hence " +"may uncover previously latent defects, either in embedding applications, or " +"in CPython itself. (Initially contributed by Nick Coghlan and Eric Snow as " +"part of :issue:`22257`, and further updated by Nick, Eric, and Victor " +"Stinner in a number of other issues). Some known details affected:" +msgstr "" +"为了准备在未来对公开的 CPython 运行时初始化 API 进行潜在更改（请参阅 :pep:`432` 获取最初但略为过时的文稿），CPython " +"内部的启动和配置管理逻辑已经过大幅重构。 虽然这些更新旨在对嵌入式应用程序和常规的 CPython CLI " +"用户都完全透明，但它们在这里被提及是因为重构会改变解释器启动期间许多操作的内部顺序，因此可能提示出原先隐藏的缺陷，这可能存在于嵌入式应用程序中，或是在 " +"CPython 自身内部。 （最初由 Nick Coghlan 和 Eric Snow 作为 :issue:`22257` 的一部分贡献，并由 " +"Nick, Eric 和 Victor Stinner 在一系列其他问题报告中进一步更新）。 已知会受到影响的一些细节：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2511 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode` is not currently usable by embedding " +"applications due to the requirement to create a Unicode object prior to " +"calling ``Py_Initialize``. Use :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption` instead." +msgstr "" +"目前 :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode` 对嵌入式应用程序不可用，因为在调用 ``Py_Initialize``" +" 之前需要创建一个 Unicode 对象。 请改用 :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2515 +msgid "" +"warnings filters added by an embedding application with " +":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption` should now more consistently take precedence " +"over the default filters set by the interpreter" +msgstr "" +"嵌入式应用程序通过 :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption` 添加的警告过滤器现在应当以更高的一致性优先于由解释器所设置的过滤器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2519 +msgid "" +"Due to changes in the way the default warnings filters are configured, " +"setting :c:data:`Py_BytesWarningFlag` to a value greater than one is no " +"longer sufficient to both emit :exc:`BytesWarning` messages and have them " +"converted to exceptions. Instead, the flag must be set (to cause the " +"warnings to be emitted in the first place), and an explicit " +"``error::BytesWarning`` warnings filter added to convert them to exceptions." +msgstr "" +"由于默认警告过滤器的配置方式发生了变化，将 :c:data:`Py_BytesWarningFlag` 设置为大于一的值不再足以在发出 " +":exc:`BytesWarning` 消息的同时将其转换为异常。 而是改为必须设置旗标（以便首先发出警告），以及添加显式的 " +"``error::BytesWarning`` 警告过滤器来将其转换为异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2526 +msgid "" +"Due to a change in the way docstrings are handled by the compiler, the " +"implicit ``return None`` in a function body consisting solely of a docstring" +" is now marked as occurring on the same line as the docstring, not on the " +"function's header line." +msgstr "" +"由于编译器处理文档字符串的方式发生了变化，一个仅由文档字符串构成的函数体中隐式的 ``return None`` " +"现在被标记为在与文档字符串相同的行，而不是在函数的标题行。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2531 +msgid "" +"The current exception state has been moved from the frame object to the co-" +"routine. This simplified the interpreter and fixed a couple of obscure bugs " +"caused by having swap exception state when entering or exiting a generator. " +"(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :issue:`25612`.)" +msgstr "" +"当前异常状态已从帧对象移到协程对象。 这会简化解释器并修正由于在进入或退出生成器时具有交换异常状态而导致的一些模糊错误。 （由 Mark Shannon" +" 在 :issue:`25612` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2537 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.7.1" +msgstr "Python 3.7.1 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2539 +msgid "" +"Starting in 3.7.1, :c:func:`Py_Initialize` now consistently reads and " +"respects all of the same environment settings as :c:func:`Py_Main` (in " +"earlier Python versions, it respected an ill-defined subset of those " +"environment variables, while in Python 3.7.0 it didn't read any of them due " +"to :issue:`34247`). If this behavior is unwanted, set " +":c:data:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag` to 1 before calling " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize`." +msgstr "" +"从 3.7.1 开始，:c:func:`Py_Initialize` 现在始终会读取并遵循与 :c:func:`Py_Main` " +"相同的环境设置（在更早的 Python 版本中，它会遵循一个错误定义的环境变量子集，而在 Python 3.7.0 中则会由于 " +":issue:`34247` 而完全不读取它们）。 如果不想要此行为，请在调用 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 之前将 " +":c:data:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag` 设为 1。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2546 +msgid "" +"In 3.7.1 the C API for Context Variables :ref:`was updated " +"` to use :c:type:`PyObject` pointers." +" See also :issue:`34762`." +msgstr "" +"在 3.7.1 中，上下文变量的 C API 已 :ref:`获得更新 `" +" 以使用 :c:type:`PyObject` 指针。 另请参阅 :issue:`34762`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2550 +msgid "" +"In 3.7.1 the :mod:`tokenize` module now implicitly emits a ``NEWLINE`` token" +" when provided with input that does not have a trailing new line. This " +"behavior now matches what the C tokenizer does internally. (Contributed by " +"Ammar Askar in :issue:`33899`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 3.7.1 中，当提供不带末尾新行的输入时 :mod:`tokenize` 模块现在会隐式地添加 ``NEWLINE`` 形符。 此行为现在已与 C" +" 词法分析器的内部行为相匹配。 （由 Ammar Askar 在 :issue:`33899` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2556 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.7.2" +msgstr "Python 3.7.2 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2558 +msgid "" +"In 3.7.2, :mod:`venv` on Windows no longer copies the original binaries, but" +" creates redirector scripts named ``python.exe`` and ``pythonw.exe`` " +"instead. This resolves a long standing issue where all virtual environments " +"would have to be upgraded or recreated with each Python update. However, " +"note that this release will still require recreation of virtual environments" +" in order to get the new scripts." +msgstr "" +"在 3.7.2 中，Windows 下的 :mod:`venv` 不再复制原来的二进制文件，而是改为创建名为 ``python.exe`` 和 " +"``pythonw.exe`` 的重定向脚本。 这解决了一个长期存在的问题，即所有虚拟环境在每次 Python 升级后都必须进行升级或是重新创建。 " +"然而，要注意此发布版仍然要求重新创建虚拟环境以获得新的脚本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2566 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.7.6" +msgstr "Python 3.7.6 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2568 +msgid "" +"Due to significant security concerns, the *reuse_address* parameter of " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` is no longer supported. This " +"is because of the behavior of the socket option ``SO_REUSEADDR`` in UDP. For" +" more details, see the documentation for " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()``. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley, Antoine " +"Pitrou, and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`37228`.)" +msgstr "" +"出于重要的安全性考量，:meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 的 *reuse_address* " +"形参不再被支持。 这是由 UDP 中的套接字选项 ``SO_REUSEADDR`` 的行为导致的。 更多细节请参阅 " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()`` 的文档。 （由 Kyle Stanley, Antoine Pitrou 和 " +"Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`37228` 中贡献。。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2576 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.7.10" +msgstr "Python 3.7.10 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2578 +msgid "" +"Earlier Python versions allowed using both ``;`` and ``&`` as query " +"parameter separators in :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl`. Due to security concerns, and to conform " +"with newer W3C recommendations, this has been changed to allow only a single" +" separator key, with ``&`` as the default. This change also affects " +":func:`!cgi.parse` and :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` as they use the affected" +" functions internally. For more details, please see their respective " +"documentation. (Contributed by Adam Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran and Ken Jin" +" in :issue:`42967`.)" +msgstr "" +"较早的 Python 版本允许同时使用 ``;`` 和 ``&`` 作为 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` 和 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` 中查询形参的分隔符。 出于安全考虑，并遵循新版的 W3C " +"建议，这已被更改为只允许一种分隔符，默认为 ``&``。 这一改变也会影响 :func:`!cgi.parse` 和 " +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` 因为它们在内部使用了受影响的函数。 要了解更多细节，请参阅相应的文档。 （由 Adam " +"Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran 和 Ken Jin 在 :issue:`42967` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2589 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.7.11" +msgstr "Python 3.7.11 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2591 +msgid "" +"A security fix alters the :class:`ftplib.FTP` behavior to not trust the IPv4" +" address sent from the remote server when setting up a passive data channel." +" We reuse the ftp server IP address instead. For unusual code requiring " +"the old behavior, set a ``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` attribute on your" +" FTP instance to ``True``. (See :gh:`87451`)" +msgstr "" +"新的安全修正将 :class:`ftplib.FTP` 的行为改成当设置被动数据通道时不信任远程服务器所发送的 IPv4 地址。 我们会改为重用 ftp" +" 服务器的 IP 地址。 对于需要原先的行为的不常见代码，请在你的 FTP 实例上将 " +"``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` 属性设为 ``True``。 （参见 :gh:`87451`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2598 +msgid "" +"The presence of newline or tab characters in parts of a URL allows for some " +"forms of attacks. Following the WHATWG specification that updates RFC 3986, " +"ASCII newline ``\\n``, ``\\r`` and tab ``\\t`` characters are stripped from " +"the URL by the parser :func:`urllib.parse` preventing such attacks. The " +"removal characters are controlled by a new module level variable " +"``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE``. (See :gh:`88048`)" +msgstr "" +"在 URL 中存在换行符或制表符可能会导致某种形式的攻击。 根据更新了 RFC 3986 的 WHATWG 规范，解析器 " +":func:`urllib.parse` 将从 URL 中去除 ASCII 换行符 ``\\n``, ``\\r`` 和制表符 ``\\t`` " +"以防止这种攻击。 移除的字符将由一个新的模块层级变量 ``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE`` 来控制。" +" （参见 :gh:`88048`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2606 +msgid "Notable security feature in 3.7.14" +msgstr "3.7.14 中的重要安全特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.7.rst:2608 +msgid "" +"Converting between :class:`int` and :class:`str` in bases other than 2 " +"(binary), 4, 8 (octal), 16 (hexadecimal), or 32 such as base 10 (decimal) " +"now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the number of digits in string form is " +"above a limit to avoid potential denial of service attacks due to the " +"algorithmic complexity. This is a mitigation for :cve:`2020-10735`. This " +"limit can be configured or disabled by environment variable, command line " +"flag, or :mod:`sys` APIs. See the :ref:`integer string conversion length " +"limitation ` documentation. The default limit is 4300 " +"digits in string form." +msgstr "" +"使用 2 (二进制), 4, 8 (八进制), 16 (十六进制) 或 32 以外的基数例如以 10 (十进制) 为基数在 :class:`int` 和" +" :class:`str` 之间进行转换现在如果字符串表示形式中的位数超过特定限制则会引发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"以避免因算法复杂度导致的拒绝服务攻击风险。 这是对于 :cve:`2020-10735` 的一种缓解方案。 此限制可通过环境变量、命令行旗标或 " +":mod:`sys` API 来配置或者禁用。 参见 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 ` 文档。 " +"字符串形式的默认限制为 4300 位数字。" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.8.po b/whatsnew/3.8.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad0560f21 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.8.po @@ -0,0 +1,4499 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# 汇民 王 , 2021 +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# Han YANG , 2021 +# ppcfish , 2021 +# WH-2099 , 2021 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# CatNeverCodes CNC <574469831@qq.com>, 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-17 14:16+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.8" +msgstr "Python 3.8 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:0 +msgid "Editor" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:45 +msgid "Raymond Hettinger" +msgstr "Raymond Hettinger（译者：wh2099 at outlook dot com）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:47 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.8, compared to 3.7. " +"Python 3.8 was released on October 14, 2019. For full details, see the " +":ref:`changelog `." +msgstr "" +"这篇文章介绍了 Python 3.8 相比 3.7 增加的新特性。 Python 3.8 发布于 2019 年 10 月 14 日。 更详细的信息可参阅" +" :ref:`更新日志 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:61 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:72 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:75 +msgid "Assignment expressions" +msgstr "赋值表达式" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:77 +msgid "" +"There is new syntax ``:=`` that assigns values to variables as part of a " +"larger expression. It is affectionately known as \"the walrus operator\" due" +" to its resemblance to `the eyes and tusks of a walrus " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"新增的语法 ``:=`` 可在表达式内部为变量赋值。 它被昵称为“海象运算符”因为它很像是 `海象的眼睛和长牙 " +"`_。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:82 +msgid "" +"In this example, the assignment expression helps avoid calling :func:`len` " +"twice::" +msgstr "在这个示例中，赋值表达式可以避免调用 :func:`len` 两次::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:85 +msgid "" +"if (n := len(a)) > 10:\n" +" print(f\"List is too long ({n} elements, expected <= 10)\")" +msgstr "" +"if (n := len(a)) > 10:\n" +" print(f\"List is too long ({n} elements, expected <= 10)\")" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:88 +msgid "" +"A similar benefit arises during regular expression matching where match " +"objects are needed twice, once to test whether a match occurred and another " +"to extract a subgroup::" +msgstr "类似的益处还可出现在正则表达式匹配中需要使用两次匹配对象的情况中，一次检测用于匹配是否发生，另一次用于提取子分组::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:92 +msgid "" +"discount = 0.0\n" +"if (mo := re.search(r'(\\d+)% discount', advertisement)):\n" +" discount = float(mo.group(1)) / 100.0" +msgstr "" +"discount = 0.0\n" +"if (mo := re.search(r'(\\d+)% discount', advertisement)):\n" +" discount = float(mo.group(1)) / 100.0" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:96 +msgid "" +"The operator is also useful with while-loops that compute a value to test " +"loop termination and then need that same value again in the body of the " +"loop::" +msgstr "此运算符也适用于配合 while 循环计算一个值来检测循环是否终止，而同一个值又在循环体中再次被使用的情况::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:100 +msgid "" +"# Loop over fixed length blocks\n" +"while (block := f.read(256)) != '':\n" +" process(block)" +msgstr "" +"# 循环处理固定长度的数据块\n" +"while (block := f.read(256)) != '':\n" +" process(block)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:104 +msgid "" +"Another motivating use case arises in list comprehensions where a value " +"computed in a filtering condition is also needed in the expression body::" +msgstr "另一个值得介绍的用例出现于列表推导式中，在筛选条件中计算一个值，而同一个值又在表达式中需要被使用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:108 +msgid "" +"[clean_name.title() for name in names\n" +" if (clean_name := normalize('NFC', name)) in allowed_names]" +msgstr "" +"[clean_name.title() for name in names\n" +" if (clean_name := normalize('NFC', name)) in allowed_names]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:111 +msgid "" +"Try to limit use of the walrus operator to clean cases that reduce " +"complexity and improve readability." +msgstr "请尽量将海象运算符的使用限制在清晰的场合中，以降低复杂性并提升可读性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:114 +msgid "See :pep:`572` for a full description." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`572` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:116 +msgid "(Contributed by Emily Morehouse in :issue:`35224`.)" +msgstr "（由 Morehouse 在 :issue:`35224` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:120 +msgid "Positional-only parameters" +msgstr "仅限位置形参" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:122 +msgid "" +"There is a new function parameter syntax ``/`` to indicate that some " +"function parameters must be specified positionally and cannot be used as " +"keyword arguments. This is the same notation shown by ``help()`` for C " +"functions annotated with Larry Hastings' `Argument Clinic " +"`__ tool." +msgstr "" +"新增了一个函数形参语法 ``/`` 用来指明某些函数形参必须作为位置参数而不可作为关键字参数。 这种标记语法与通过 ``help()`` 显示的使用 " +"Larry Hastings 的 `Argument Clinic `__ 工具所标记的 C 函数相同。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:128 +msgid "" +"In the following example, parameters *a* and *b* are positional-only, while " +"*c* or *d* can be positional or keyword, and *e* or *f* are required to be " +"keywords::" +msgstr "" +"在下面的例子中，形参 *a* 和 *b* 为仅限位置形参，*c* 或 *d* 可以是位置形参或关键字形参，而 *e* 或 *f* 要求为关键字形参::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:132 +msgid "" +"def f(a, b, /, c, d, *, e, f):\n" +" print(a, b, c, d, e, f)" +msgstr "" +"def f(a, b, /, c, d, *, e, f):\n" +" print(a, b, c, d, e, f)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:135 +msgid "The following is a valid call::" +msgstr "以下均为合法的调用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:137 +msgid "f(10, 20, 30, d=40, e=50, f=60)" +msgstr "f(10, 20, 30, d=40, e=50, f=60)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:139 +msgid "However, these are invalid calls::" +msgstr "但是，以下均为不合法的调用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:141 +msgid "" +"f(10, b=20, c=30, d=40, e=50, f=60) # b cannot be a keyword argument\n" +"f(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, f=60) # e must be a keyword argument" +msgstr "" +"f(10, b=20, c=30, d=40, e=50, f=60) # b 不能是关键字参数\n" +"f(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, f=60) # e 必须是关键字参数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:144 +msgid "" +"One use case for this notation is that it allows pure Python functions to " +"fully emulate behaviors of existing C coded functions. For example, the " +"built-in :func:`divmod` function does not accept keyword arguments::" +msgstr "" +"这种标记形式的一个用例是它允许纯 Python 函数完整模拟现有的用 C 代码编写的函数的行为。 例如，内置的 :func:`divmod` " +"函数不接受关键字参数::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:148 +msgid "" +"def divmod(a, b, /):\n" +" \"Emulate the built in divmod() function\"\n" +" return (a // b, a % b)" +msgstr "" +"def divmod(a, b, /):\n" +" \"Emulate the built in divmod() function\"\n" +" return (a // b, a % b)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:152 +msgid "" +"Another use case is to preclude keyword arguments when the parameter name is" +" not helpful. For example, the builtin :func:`len` function has the " +"signature ``len(obj, /)``. This precludes awkward calls such as::" +msgstr "" +"另一个用例是在不需要形参名称时排除关键字参数。 例如，内置的 :func:`len` 函数的签名为 ``len(obj, /)``。 " +"这可以排除如下这种笨拙的调用形式::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:156 +msgid "len(obj='hello') # The \"obj\" keyword argument impairs readability" +msgstr "len(obj='hello') # \"obj\" 关键字参数损害了可读性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:158 +msgid "" +"A further benefit of marking a parameter as positional-only is that it " +"allows the parameter name to be changed in the future without risk of " +"breaking client code. For example, in the :mod:`statistics` module, the " +"parameter name *dist* may be changed in the future. This was made possible " +"with the following function specification::" +msgstr "" +"另一个益处是将形参标记为仅限位置形参将允许在未来修改形参名而不会破坏客户的代码。 例如，在 :mod:`statistics` 模块中，形参名 " +"*dist* 在未来可能被修改。 这使得以下函数描述成为可能::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:164 +msgid "" +"def quantiles(dist, /, *, n=4, method='exclusive')\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def quantiles(dist, /, *, n=4, method='exclusive')\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:167 +msgid "" +"Since the parameters to the left of ``/`` are not exposed as possible " +"keywords, the parameters names remain available for use in ``**kwargs``::" +msgstr "由于在 ``/`` 左侧的形参不会被公开为可用关键字，其他形参名仍可在 ``**kwargs`` 中使用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:170 +msgid "" +">>> def f(a, b, /, **kwargs):\n" +"... print(a, b, kwargs)\n" +"...\n" +">>> f(10, 20, a=1, b=2, c=3) # a and b are used in two ways\n" +"10 20 {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}" +msgstr "" +">>> def f(a, b, /, **kwargs):\n" +"... print(a, b, kwargs)\n" +"...\n" +">>> f(10, 20, a=1, b=2, c=3) # a 和 b 以两种方式被使用\n" +"10 20 {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:176 +msgid "" +"This greatly simplifies the implementation of functions and methods that " +"need to accept arbitrary keyword arguments. For example, here is an excerpt" +" from code in the :mod:`collections` module::" +msgstr "这极大地简化了需要接受任意关键字参数的函数和方法的实现。 例如，以下是一段摘自 :mod:`collections` 模块的代码::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:180 +msgid "" +"class Counter(dict):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, iterable=None, /, **kwds):\n" +" # Note \"iterable\" is a possible keyword argument" +msgstr "" +"class Counter(dict):\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, iterable=None, /, **kwds):\n" +" # 请注意 \"iterable\" 可以是关键字参数" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:185 +msgid "See :pep:`570` for a full description." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`570` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:187 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`36540`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`36540` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:193 +msgid "Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode files" +msgstr "用于已编译字节码文件的并行文件系统缓存" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:195 +msgid "" +"The new :envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` setting (also available as " +":option:`-X` ``pycache_prefix``) configures the implicit bytecode cache to " +"use a separate parallel filesystem tree, rather than the default " +"``__pycache__`` subdirectories within each source directory." +msgstr "" +"新增的 :envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` 设置 (也可使用 :option:`-X` ``pycache_prefix``) " +"可将隐式的字节码缓存配置为使用单独的并行文件系统树，而不是默认的每个源代码目录下的 ``__pycache__`` 子目录。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:201 +msgid "" +"The location of the cache is reported in :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` " +"(:const:`None` indicates the default location in ``__pycache__`` " +"subdirectories)." +msgstr "" +"缓存的位置会在 :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` 中报告 (:const:`None` 表示默认位置即 " +"``__pycache__`` 子目录)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:205 +msgid "(Contributed by Carl Meyer in :issue:`33499`.)" +msgstr "（由 Carl Meyer 在 :issue:`33499` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:209 +msgid "Debug build uses the same ABI as release build" +msgstr "调试构建使用与发布构建相同的 ABI" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:211 +msgid "" +"Python now uses the same ABI whether it's built in release or debug mode. On" +" Unix, when Python is built in debug mode, it is now possible to load C " +"extensions built in release mode and C extensions built using the stable " +"ABI." +msgstr "" +"Python 现在不论是以发布模式还是调试模式进行构建都将使用相同的 ABI。 在 Unix 上，当 Python " +"以调试模式构建时，现在将可以加载以发布模式构建的 C 扩展和使用稳定版 ABI 构建的 C 扩展。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:215 +msgid "" +"Release builds and :ref:`debug builds ` are now ABI compatible:" +" defining the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro no longer implies the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` " +"macro, which introduces the only ABI incompatibility. The ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` " +"macro, which adds the :func:`sys.getobjects` function and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable, can be set using the new " +":option:`./configure --with-trace-refs <--with-trace-refs>` build option. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36465`.)" +msgstr "" +"发布编译版和 :ref:`调试编译版 ` 现在都是 ABI 兼容的：定义 ``Py_DEBUG`` 宏不会再应用 " +"``Py_TRACE_REFS`` 宏，它引入 了唯一的 ABI 不兼容性。 ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` 宏添加了 " +":func:`sys.getobjects` 函数和 :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` 环境变量，它可以使用新的 " +":option:`./configure --with-trace-refs <--with-trace-refs>` 编译选项来设置。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`36465` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:223 +msgid "" +"On Unix, C extensions are no longer linked to libpython except on Android " +"and Cygwin. It is now possible for a statically linked Python to load a C " +"extension built using a shared library Python. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`21536`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，C 扩展不会再被链接到 libpython，但 Android 和 Cygwin 例外。 现在静态链接的 Python " +"将可以加载使用共享库 Python 构建的 C 扩展。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`21536` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:230 +msgid "" +"On Unix, when Python is built in debug mode, import now also looks for C " +"extensions compiled in release mode and for C extensions compiled with the " +"stable ABI. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36722`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，当 Python 以调试模式构建时，导入操作现在也会查找在发布模式下编译的 C 扩展以及使用稳定版 ABI 编译的 C 扩展。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`36722` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:235 +msgid "" +"To embed Python into an application, a new ``--embed`` option must be passed" +" to ``python3-config --libs --embed`` to get ``-lpython3.8`` (link the " +"application to libpython). To support both 3.8 and older, try " +"``python3-config --libs --embed`` first and fallback to ``python3-config " +"--libs`` (without ``--embed``) if the previous command fails." +msgstr "" +"要将 Python 嵌入到一个应用中，必须将新增的 ``--embed`` 选项传给 ``python3-config --libs --embed``" +" 以获得 ``-lpython3.8`` (将应用链接到 libpython)。 要同时支持 3.8 和旧版本，请先尝试 " +"``python3-config --libs --embed`` 并在此命令失败时回退到 ``python3-config --libs`` (即不带" +" ``--embed``)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:241 +msgid "" +"Add a pkg-config ``python-3.8-embed`` module to embed Python into an " +"application: ``pkg-config python-3.8-embed --libs`` includes " +"``-lpython3.8``. To support both 3.8 and older, try ``pkg-config " +"python-X.Y-embed --libs`` first and fallback to ``pkg-config python-X.Y " +"--libs`` (without ``--embed``) if the previous command fails (replace " +"``X.Y`` with the Python version)." +msgstr "" +"增加一个 pkg-config ``python-3.8-embed`` 模块用来将 Python 嵌入到一个应用中: ``pkg-config " +"python-3.8-embed --libs`` 包含 ``-lpython3.8``。 要同时支持 3.8 和旧版本，请先尝试 ``pkg-" +"config python-X.Y-embed --libs`` 并在此命令失败时回退到 ``pkg-config python-X.Y " +"--libs`` (即不带 ``--embed``) （请将 ``X.Y`` 替换为 Python 版本号）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:247 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, ``pkg-config python3.8 --libs`` no longer contains " +"``-lpython3.8``. C extensions must not be linked to libpython (except on " +"Android and Cygwin, whose cases are handled by the script); this change is " +"backward incompatible on purpose. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`36721`.)" +msgstr "" +"另一方面，``pkg-config python3.8 --libs`` 不再包含 ``-lpython3.8``。 C 扩展不可被链接到 " +"libpython (但 Android 和 Cygwin 例外，这两者的情况由脚本处理)；此改变是故意被设为向下不兼容的。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`36721` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:256 +msgid "f-strings support ``=`` for self-documenting expressions and debugging" +msgstr "f-字符串支持 ``=`` 用于自动记录表达式和调试文档" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:258 +msgid "" +"Added an ``=`` specifier to :term:`f-string`\\s. An f-string such as " +"``f'{expr=}'`` will expand to the text of the expression, an equal sign, " +"then the representation of the evaluated expression. For example:" +msgstr "" +"增加 ``=`` 说明符用于 :term:`f-string`。 形式为 ``f'{expr=}'`` 的 " +"f-字符串将扩展表示为表达式文本，加一个等于号，再加表达式的求值结果。 例如：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:267 +msgid "" +"The usual :ref:`f-string format specifiers ` allow more control " +"over how the result of the expression is displayed::" +msgstr "通常的 :ref:`f-字符串格式说明符 ` 允许更细致地控制所要显示的表达式结果::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:270 +msgid "" +">>> delta = date.today() - member_since\n" +">>> f'{user=!s} {delta.days=:,d}'\n" +"'user=eric_idle delta.days=16,075'" +msgstr "" +">>> delta = date.today() - member_since\n" +">>> f'{user=!s} {delta.days=:,d}'\n" +"'user=eric_idle delta.days=16,075'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:274 +msgid "" +"The ``=`` specifier will display the whole expression so that calculations " +"can be shown::" +msgstr "``=`` 说明符将输出整个表达式，以便详细演示计算过程::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:277 +msgid "" +">>> print(f'{theta=} {cos(radians(theta))=:.3f}')\n" +"theta=30 cos(radians(theta))=0.866" +msgstr "" +">>> print(f'{theta=} {cos(radians(theta))=:.3f}')\n" +"theta=30 cos(radians(theta))=0.866" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:280 +msgid "(Contributed by Eric V. Smith and Larry Hastings in :issue:`36817`.)" +msgstr "（由 Eric V. Smith 和 Larry Hastings 在 :issue:`36817` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:284 +msgid "PEP 578: Python Runtime Audit Hooks" +msgstr "PEP 578: Python 运行时审核钩子" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:286 +msgid "" +"The PEP adds an Audit Hook and Verified Open Hook. Both are available from " +"Python and native code, allowing applications and frameworks written in pure" +" Python code to take advantage of extra notifications, while also allowing " +"embedders or system administrators to deploy builds of Python where auditing" +" is always enabled." +msgstr "" +"此 PEP 添加了审核钩子和已验证开放钩子。 两者在 Python 与本机代码中均可用。允许以纯 Python " +"代码编写的应用和框架利用额外的通知，同时允许嵌入开发人员或系统管理员部署始终启用审核的 Python 版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:292 +msgid "See :pep:`578` for full details." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`578` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:296 +msgid "PEP 587: Python Initialization Configuration" +msgstr "PEP 587: Python 初始化配置" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:298 +msgid "" +"The :pep:`587` adds a new C API to configure the Python Initialization " +"providing finer control on the whole configuration and better error " +"reporting." +msgstr ":pep:`587` 增加了一个新的 C API 用来配置 Python 初始化，提供对整个配置过程的更细致控制以及更好的错误报告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:301 +msgid "New structures:" +msgstr "新的结构：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:303 +msgid ":c:type:`PyConfig`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyConfig`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:304 +msgid ":c:type:`PyPreConfig`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyPreConfig`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:305 +msgid ":c:type:`PyStatus`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyStatus`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:306 +msgid ":c:type:`PyWideStringList`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyWideStringList`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:308 +msgid "New functions:" +msgstr "新的函数：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:310 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_Clear`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_Clear`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:311 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:312 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:313 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_Read`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_Read`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:314 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetArgv`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetArgv`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:315 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesArgv`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesArgv`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:316 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesString`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesString`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:317 +msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetString`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetString`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:318 +msgid ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:319 +msgid ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:320 +msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Error`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Error`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:321 +msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exception`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exception`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:322 +msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exit`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exit`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:323 +msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsError`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsError`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:324 +msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsExit`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsExit`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:325 +msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_NoMemory`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_NoMemory`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:326 +msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Ok`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Ok`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:327 +msgid ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Append`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Append`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:328 +msgid ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Insert`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Insert`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:329 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_BytesMain`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_BytesMain`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:330 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:331 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:332 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:333 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromArgs`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromArgs`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:334 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:335 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_RunMain`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_RunMain`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:337 +msgid "" +"This PEP also adds ``_PyRuntimeState.preconfig`` (:c:type:`PyPreConfig` " +"type) and ``PyInterpreterState.config`` (:c:type:`PyConfig` type) fields to " +"these internal structures. ``PyInterpreterState.config`` becomes the new " +"reference configuration, replacing global configuration variables and other " +"private variables." +msgstr "" +"此 PEP 还为这些内部结构添加了 ``_PyRuntimeState.preconfig`` (:c:type:`PyPreConfig` 类型) 和" +" ``PyInterpreterState.config`` (:c:type:`PyConfig` 类型) 字段。 " +"``PyInterpreterState.config`` 成为新的引用配置，替代全局配置变量和其他私有变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:343 +msgid "" +"See :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration ` for the " +"documentation." +msgstr "请参阅 :ref:`Python 初始化配置 ` 获取详细文档。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:346 +msgid "See :pep:`587` for a full description." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`587` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:348 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36763`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`36763` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:352 +msgid "PEP 590: Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython" +msgstr "PEP 590: Vectorcall: 用于 CPython 的快速调用协议" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:354 +msgid "" +":ref:`vectorcall` is added to the Python/C API. It is meant to formalize " +"existing optimizations which were already done for various classes. Any " +":ref:`static type ` implementing a callable can use this " +"protocol." +msgstr "" +"将 :ref:`vectorcall` 添加到 Python/C API。 它的目标是对已被应用于多个类的现有优先进行正式化。 任何实现了可调用对象的 " +":ref:`静态类型 ` 均可使用此协议。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:360 +msgid "" +"This is currently provisional. The aim is to make it fully public in Python " +"3.9." +msgstr "此特性目前为暂定状态，计划在 Python 3.9 将其完全公开。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:363 +msgid "See :pep:`590` for a full description." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`590` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:365 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Jeroen Demeyer, Mark Shannon and Petr Viktorin in " +":issue:`36974`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Jeroen Demeyer, Mark Shannon 和 Petr Viktorin 在 :issue:`36974` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:369 +msgid "Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data buffers" +msgstr "具有外部数据缓冲区的 pickle 协议 5" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:371 +msgid "" +"When :mod:`pickle` is used to transfer large data between Python processes " +"in order to take advantage of multi-core or multi-machine processing, it is " +"important to optimize the transfer by reducing memory copies, and possibly " +"by applying custom techniques such as data-dependent compression." +msgstr "" +"当使用 :mod:`pickle` 在 Python " +"进程间传输大量数据以充分发挥多核或多机处理的优势时，非常重要一点是通过减少内存拷贝来优化传输效率，并可能应用一些定制技巧例如针对特定数据的压缩。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:376 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pickle` protocol 5 introduces support for out-of-band buffers " +"where :pep:`3118`-compatible data can be transmitted separately from the " +"main pickle stream, at the discretion of the communication layer." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pickle` 协议 5 引入了对于外部缓冲区的支持，这样 :pep:`3118` 兼容的数据可以与主 pickle " +"流分开进行传输，这是由通信层来确定的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:380 +msgid "See :pep:`574` for a full description." +msgstr "请参阅 :pep:`574` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:382 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`36785`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`36785` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:386 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:388 +msgid "" +"A :keyword:`continue` statement was illegal in the :keyword:`finally` clause" +" due to a problem with the implementation. In Python 3.8 this restriction " +"was lifted. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32489`.)" +msgstr "" +"在之前版本中 :keyword:`continue` 语句不允许在 :keyword:`finally` 子句中使用，这是因为具体实现存在一个问题。 在" +" Python 3.8 中此限制已被取消。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`32489` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:393 +msgid "" +"The :class:`bool`, :class:`int`, and :class:`fractions.Fraction` types now " +"have an :meth:`~int.as_integer_ratio` method like that found in " +":class:`float` and :class:`decimal.Decimal`. This minor API extension makes" +" it possible to write ``numerator, denominator = x.as_integer_ratio()`` and " +"have it work across multiple numeric types. (Contributed by Lisa Roach in " +":issue:`33073` and Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`37819`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`bool`, :class:`int` 和 :class:`fractions.Fraction` 类型现在都有一个 " +":meth:`~int.as_integer_ratio` 方法，与 :class:`float` 和 :class:`decimal.Decimal`" +" 中的已有方法类似。 这个微小的 API 扩展使得 ``numerator, denominator = x.as_integer_ratio()`` " +"这样的写法在多种数字类型上通用成为可能。 （由 Lisa Roach 在 :issue:`33073` 和 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`37819` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:401 +msgid "" +"Constructors of :class:`int`, :class:`float` and :class:`complex` will now " +"use the :meth:`~object.__index__` special method, if available and the " +"corresponding method :meth:`~object.__int__`, :meth:`~object.__float__` or " +":meth:`~object.__complex__` is not available. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`20092`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`int`, :class:`float` 和 :class:`complex` 的构造器现在会使用 " +":meth:`~object.__index__` 特殊方法，如果该方法可用而对应的方法 method :meth:`~object.__int__`," +" :meth:`~object.__float__` 或 :meth:`~object.__complex__` 方法不可用的话。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`20092` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:407 +msgid "" +"Added support of :samp:`\\\\N\\\\{{name}\\\\}` escapes in :mod:`regular " +"expressions `::" +msgstr "在 :mod:`正则表达式 `: 中添加了对 :samp:`\\\\N\\\\{{name}\\\\}` 转义码的支持::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:409 +msgid "" +">>> notice = 'Copyright © 2019'\n" +">>> copyright_year_pattern = re.compile(r'\\N{copyright sign}\\s*(\\d{4})')\n" +">>> int(copyright_year_pattern.search(notice).group(1))\n" +"2019" +msgstr "" +">>> notice = 'Copyright © 2019'\n" +">>> copyright_year_pattern = re.compile(r'\\N{copyright sign}\\s*(\\d{4})')\n" +">>> int(copyright_year_pattern.search(notice).group(1))\n" +"2019" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:414 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Jonathan Eunice and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`30688`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jonathan Eunice 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`30688` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:416 +msgid "" +"Dict and dictviews are now iterable in reversed insertion order using " +":func:`reversed`. (Contributed by Rémi Lapeyre in :issue:`33462`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 dict 和 dictview 可以使用 :func:`reversed` 按插入顺序反向迭代。 （由 Rémi Lapeyre 在 " +":issue:`33462` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:419 +msgid "" +"The syntax allowed for keyword names in function calls was further " +"restricted. In particular, ``f((keyword)=arg)`` is no longer allowed. It was" +" never intended to permit more than a bare name on the left-hand side of a " +"keyword argument assignment term. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in " +":issue:`34641`.)" +msgstr "" +"在函数调用中允许使用的关键字名称语法受到进一步的限制。 特别地，``f((keyword)=arg)`` 不再被允许。 " +"关键字参数赋值形式的左侧绝不允许一般标识符以外的其他内容。 （由 Benjamin Peterson 在 :issue:`34641` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:425 +msgid "" +"Generalized iterable unpacking in :keyword:`yield` and :keyword:`return` " +"statements no longer requires enclosing parentheses. This brings the *yield*" +" and *return* syntax into better agreement with normal assignment syntax::" +msgstr "" +"在 :keyword:`yield` 和 :keyword:`return` 语句中的一般可迭代对象解包不再要求加圆括号。 这使得 *yield* 和 " +"*return* 的语法与正常的赋值语法更为一致::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:430 +msgid "" +">>> def parse(family):\n" +" lastname, *members = family.split()\n" +" return lastname.upper(), *members\n" +"\n" +">>> parse('simpsons homer marge bart lisa maggie')\n" +"('SIMPSONS', 'homer', 'marge', 'bart', 'lisa', 'maggie')" +msgstr "" +">>> def parse(family):\n" +" lastname, *members = family.split()\n" +" return lastname.upper(), *members\n" +"\n" +">>> parse('simpsons homer marge bart lisa maggie')\n" +"('SIMPSONS', 'homer', 'marge', 'bart', 'lisa', 'maggie')" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:437 +msgid "(Contributed by David Cuthbert and Jordan Chapman in :issue:`32117`.)" +msgstr "（由 David Cuthbert 和 Jordan Chapman 在 :issue:`32117` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:439 +msgid "" +"When a comma is missed in code such as ``[(10, 20) (30, 40)]``, the compiler" +" displays a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` with a helpful suggestion. This improves on" +" just having a :exc:`TypeError` indicating that the first tuple was not " +"callable. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`15248`.)" +msgstr "" +"当类似 ``[(10, 20) (30, 40)]`` 这样在代码中少了一个逗号时，编译器将显示 :exc:`SyntaxWarning` " +"并附带更有帮助的提示。 这相比原来用 :exc:`TypeError` 来提示第一个元组是不可调用的更容易被理解。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`15248` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:445 +msgid "" +"Arithmetic operations between subclasses of :class:`datetime.date` or " +":class:`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.timedelta` objects now " +"return an instance of the subclass, rather than the base class. This also " +"affects the return type of operations whose implementation (directly or " +"indirectly) uses :class:`datetime.timedelta` arithmetic, such as " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.astimezone`. (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in " +":issue:`32417`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`datetime.date` 或 :class:`datetime.datetime` 和 " +":class:`datetime.timedelta` 对象之间的算术运算现在将返回相应子类的实例而不是基类的实例。 " +"这也会影响到在具体实现中（直接或间接地）使用了 :class:`datetime.timedelta` 算术运算的返回类型，例如 " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.astimezone`。 （由 Paul Ganssle 在 :issue:`32417` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:453 +msgid "" +"When the Python interpreter is interrupted by Ctrl-C (SIGINT) and the " +"resulting :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception is not caught, the Python " +"process now exits via a SIGINT signal or with the correct exit code such " +"that the calling process can detect that it died due to a Ctrl-C. Shells on" +" POSIX and Windows use this to properly terminate scripts in interactive " +"sessions. (Contributed by Google via Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`1054041`.)" +msgstr "" +"当 Python 解释器通过 Ctrl-C (SIGINT) 被中断并且所产生的 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` " +"异常未被捕获，Python 进程现在会通过一个 SIGINT 信号或是使得唤起的进程能检测到它是由 Ctrl-C 操作杀死的正确退出代码来退出。 " +"POSIX 和 Windows 上的终端会相应地使用此代码在交互式会话中终止脚本。 （由 Google 的 Gregory P. Smith 在 " +":issue:`1054041` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:460 +msgid "" +"Some advanced styles of programming require updating the " +":class:`types.CodeType` object for an existing function. Since code objects" +" are immutable, a new code object needs to be created, one that is modeled " +"on the existing code object. With 19 parameters, this was somewhat tedious." +" Now, the new ``replace()`` method makes it possible to create a clone with" +" a few altered parameters." +msgstr "" +"某些高级编程风格要求为现有的函数更新 :class:`types.CodeType` 对象。 " +"由于代码对象是不可变的，需要基于现有代码对象模型创建一个新的代码对象。 使用 19 个形参将会相当繁琐。 现在，新的 ``replace()`` " +"方法使得通过少量修改的形参创建克隆对象成为可能。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:467 +msgid "" +"Here's an example that alters the :func:`statistics.mean` function to " +"prevent the *data* parameter from being used as a keyword argument::" +msgstr "下面是一个修改 :func:`statistics.mean` 函数来防止 *data* 形参被用作关键字参数的例子::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:470 +msgid "" +">>> from statistics import mean\n" +">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n" +"40\n" +">>> mean.__code__ = mean.__code__.replace(co_posonlyargcount=1)\n" +">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: mean() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'data'" +msgstr "" +">>> from statistics import mean\n" +">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n" +"40\n" +">>> mean.__code__ = mean.__code__.replace(co_posonlyargcount=1)\n" +">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" ...\n" +"TypeError: mean() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'data'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:479 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37032`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37032` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:481 +msgid "" +"For integers, the three-argument form of the :func:`pow` function now " +"permits the exponent to be negative in the case where the base is relatively" +" prime to the modulus. It then computes a modular inverse to the base when " +"the exponent is ``-1``, and a suitable power of that inverse for other " +"negative exponents. For example, to compute the `modular multiplicative " +"inverse `_ of " +"38 modulo 137, write::" +msgstr "" +"对于整数，现在 :func:`pow` 函数的三参数形式在底数与模数不可约的情况下允许指数为负值。 随后它会在指数为 ``-1`` " +"时计算底数的模乘逆元，并对其他负指数计算反模的适当幂次。 例如，要计算 38 模 137 的 `模乘逆元 " +"`_ 则可写为::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:490 +msgid "" +">>> pow(38, -1, 137)\n" +"119\n" +">>> 119 * 38 % 137\n" +"1" +msgstr "" +">>> pow(38, -1, 137)\n" +"119\n" +">>> 119 * 38 % 137\n" +"1" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:495 +msgid "" +"Modular inverses arise in the solution of `linear Diophantine equations " +"`_. For example, to find" +" integer solutions for ``4258𝑥 + 147𝑦 = 369``, first rewrite as ``4258𝑥 ≡ " +"369 (mod 147)`` then solve:" +msgstr "" +"模乘逆元在求解 `线性丢番图方程 `_ " +"会被用到。 例如，想要求出 ``4258𝑥 + 147𝑦 = 369`` 的整数解，首先应重写为 ``4258𝑥 ≡ 369 (mod 147)`` " +"然后求解：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:505 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`36027`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`36027` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:507 +msgid "" +"Dict comprehensions have been synced-up with dict literals so that the key " +"is computed first and the value second::" +msgstr "字典推导式已与字典字面值实现同步，会先计算键再计算值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:510 +msgid "" +">>> # Dict comprehension\n" +">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ') for i in range(2)}\n" +"role? King Arthur\n" +"actor? Chapman\n" +"role? Black Knight\n" +"actor? Cleese\n" +"\n" +">>> # Dict literal\n" +">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ')}\n" +"role? Sir Robin\n" +"actor? Eric Idle" +msgstr "" +">>> # 字典推导式\n" +">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ') for i in range(2)}\n" +"role? King Arthur\n" +"actor? Chapman\n" +"role? Black Knight\n" +"actor? Cleese\n" +"\n" +">>> # 字典字面值\n" +">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ')}\n" +"role? Sir Robin\n" +"actor? Eric Idle" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:522 +msgid "" +"The guaranteed execution order is helpful with assignment expressions " +"because variables assigned in the key expression will be available in the " +"value expression::" +msgstr "对执行顺序的保证对赋值表达式来说很有用，因为在键表达式中赋值的变量将可在值表达式中被使用::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:526 +msgid "" +">>> names = ['Martin von Löwis', 'Łukasz Langa', 'Walter Dörwald']\n" +">>> {(n := normalize('NFC', name)).casefold() : n for name in names}\n" +"{'martin von löwis': 'Martin von Löwis',\n" +" 'łukasz langa': 'Łukasz Langa',\n" +" 'walter dörwald': 'Walter Dörwald'}" +msgstr "" +">>> names = ['Martin von Löwis', 'Łukasz Langa', 'Walter Dörwald']\n" +">>> {(n := normalize('NFC', name)).casefold() : n for name in names}\n" +"{'martin von löwis': 'Martin von Löwis',\n" +" 'łukasz langa': 'Łukasz Langa',\n" +" 'walter dörwald': 'Walter Dörwald'}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:532 +msgid "(Contributed by Jörn Heissler in :issue:`35224`.)" +msgstr "（由 Jörn Heissler 在 :issue:`35224` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:534 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`object.__reduce__` method can now return a tuple from two to six " +"elements long. Formerly, five was the limit. The new, optional sixth " +"element is a callable with a ``(obj, state)`` signature. This allows the " +"direct control over the state-updating behavior of a specific object. If " +"not *None*, this callable will have priority over the object's " +":meth:`~__setstate__` method. (Contributed by Pierre Glaser and Olivier " +"Grisel in :issue:`35900`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`object.__reduce__` 方法现在可返回长度为二至六个元素的元组。 之前的上限为五个。 新增的第六个可选元素是签名为 " +"``(obj, state)`` 的可调用对象。 这样就允许直接控制特定对象的状态更新。 如果元素值不为 *None*，该可调用对象将优先于对象的 " +":meth:`~__setstate__` 方法。 （由 Pierre Glaser 和 Olivier Grisel 在 :issue:`35900`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:543 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:545 +msgid "" +"The new :mod:`importlib.metadata` module provides (provisional) support for " +"reading metadata from third-party packages. For example, it can extract an " +"installed package's version number, list of entry points, and more::" +msgstr "" +"新增的 :mod:`importlib.metadata` 模块提供了从第三方包读取元数据的（临时）支持。 " +"例如，它可以提取一个已安装软件包的版本号、入口点列表等等::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:549 +msgid "" +">>> # Note following example requires that the popular \"requests\"\n" +">>> # package has been installed.\n" +">>>\n" +">>> from importlib.metadata import version, requires, files\n" +">>> version('requests')\n" +"'2.22.0'\n" +">>> list(requires('requests'))\n" +"['chardet (<3.1.0,>=3.0.2)']\n" +">>> list(files('requests'))[:5]\n" +"[PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/INSTALLER'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/LICENSE'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/METADATA'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/RECORD'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/WHEEL')]" +msgstr "" +">>> # 请注意以下示例要求常用的 \"requests\" 包\n" +">>> # 已经被安装\n" +">>>\n" +">>> from importlib.metadata import version, requires, files\n" +">>> version('requests')\n" +"'2.22.0'\n" +">>> list(requires('requests'))\n" +"['chardet (<3.1.0,>=3.0.2)']\n" +">>> list(files('requests'))[:5]\n" +"[PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/INSTALLER'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/LICENSE'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/METADATA'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/RECORD'),\n" +" PackagePath('requests-2.22.0.dist-info/WHEEL')]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:564 +msgid "(Contributed by Barry Warsaw and Jason R. Coombs in :issue:`34632`.)" +msgstr "（由 Barry Warsaw 和 Jason R. Coombs 在 :issue:`34632` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:568 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:571 +msgid "ast" +msgstr "ast" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:573 +msgid "" +"AST nodes now have ``end_lineno`` and ``end_col_offset`` attributes, which " +"give the precise location of the end of the node. (This only applies to " +"nodes that have ``lineno`` and ``col_offset`` attributes.)" +msgstr "" +"AST 节点现在具有 ``end_lineno`` 和 ``end_col_offset`` 属性，它们给出节点结束的精确位置。 （这只适用于具有 " +"``lineno`` 和 ``col_offset`` 属性的节点。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:577 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`ast.get_source_segment` returns the source code for a " +"specific AST node." +msgstr "新增函数 :func:`ast.get_source_segment` 返回指定 AST 节点的源代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:580 +msgid "(Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`33416`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ivan Levkivskyi 在 :issue:`33416` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:582 +msgid "The :func:`ast.parse` function has some new flags:" +msgstr ":func:`ast.parse` 函数具有一些新的旗标：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:584 +msgid "" +"``type_comments=True`` causes it to return the text of :pep:`484` and " +":pep:`526` type comments associated with certain AST nodes;" +msgstr "" +"``type_comments=True`` 导致其返回与特定 AST 节点相关联的 :pep:`484` 和 :pep:`526` 类型注释文本；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:587 +msgid "" +"``mode='func_type'`` can be used to parse :pep:`484` \"signature type " +"comments\" (returned for function definition AST nodes);" +msgstr "``mode='func_type'`` 可被用于解析 :pep:`484` \"签名类型注释\" (为函数定义 AST 节点而返回)；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:590 +msgid "" +"``feature_version=(3, N)`` allows specifying an earlier Python 3 version. " +"For example, ``feature_version=(3, 4)`` will treat :keyword:`async` and " +":keyword:`await` as non-reserved words." +msgstr "" +"``feature_version=(3, N)`` 允许指定一个更早的 Python 3 版本。 例如，``feature_version=(3, " +"4)`` 将把 :keyword:`async` 和 :keyword:`await` 视为非保留字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:594 +msgid "(Contributed by Guido van Rossum in :issue:`35766`.)" +msgstr "（由 Guido van Rossum 在 :issue:`35766` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:598 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:600 +msgid "" +":func:`asyncio.run` has graduated from the provisional to stable API. This " +"function can be used to execute a :term:`coroutine` and return the result " +"while automatically managing the event loop. For example::" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.run` 已经从暂定状态晋级为稳定 API。 此函数可被用于执行一个 :term:`coroutine` " +"并返回结果，同时自动管理事件循环。 例如::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:604 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"asyncio.run(main())" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:612 +msgid "This is *roughly* equivalent to::" +msgstr "这 *大致* 等价于::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:614 +msgid "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(main())\n" +"finally:\n" +" asyncio.set_event_loop(None)\n" +" loop.close()" +msgstr "" +"import asyncio\n" +"\n" +"async def main():\n" +" await asyncio.sleep(0)\n" +" return 42\n" +"\n" +"loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()\n" +"asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)\n" +"try:\n" +" loop.run_until_complete(main())\n" +"finally:\n" +" asyncio.set_event_loop(None)\n" +" loop.close()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:629 +msgid "" +"The actual implementation is significantly more complex. Thus, " +":func:`asyncio.run` should be the preferred way of running asyncio programs." +msgstr "实际的实现要更复杂许多。 因此 :func:`asyncio.run` 应该作为运行 asyncio 程序的首选方式。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:632 +msgid "(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`32314`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32314` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:634 +msgid "" +"Running ``python -m asyncio`` launches a natively async REPL. This allows " +"rapid experimentation with code that has a top-level :keyword:`await`. " +"There is no longer a need to directly call ``asyncio.run()`` which would " +"spawn a new event loop on every invocation:" +msgstr "" +"运行 ``python -m asyncio`` 将启动一个原生异步 REPL。 这允许快速体验具有最高层级 :keyword:`await` 的代码。" +" 这时不再需要直接调用 ``asyncio.run()``，因为此操作会在每次唤起时产生一个新事件循环：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:639 +msgid "" +"$ python -m asyncio\n" +"asyncio REPL 3.8.0\n" +"Use \"await\" directly instead of \"asyncio.run()\".\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>> import asyncio\n" +">>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello')\n" +"hello" +msgstr "" +"$ python -m asyncio\n" +"asyncio REPL 3.8.0\n" +"Use \"await\" directly instead of \"asyncio.run()\".\n" +"Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n" +">>> import asyncio\n" +">>> await asyncio.sleep(10, result='hello')\n" +"hello" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:649 +msgid "(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`37028`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`37028` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:651 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1970 +msgid "" +"The exception :class:`asyncio.CancelledError` now inherits from " +":class:`BaseException` rather than :class:`Exception` and no longer inherits" +" from :class:`concurrent.futures.CancelledError`. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`32528`.)" +msgstr "" +"异常 :class:`asyncio.CancelledError` 现在继承自 :class:`BaseException` 而不是 " +":class:`Exception` 并且不再继承自 :class:`concurrent.futures.CancelledError`。 （由 " +"Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32528` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:656 +msgid "" +"On Windows, the default event loop is now " +":class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`34687`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，现在默认的事件循环为 :class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop`。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`34687` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:659 +msgid "" +":class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop` now also supports UDP. (Contributed by " +"Adam Meily and Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`29883`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop` 现在也支持 UDP。 （由 Adam Meily 和 Andrew " +"Svetlov 在 :issue:`29883` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:662 +msgid "" +":class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop` can now be interrupted by " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` (\"CTRL+C\"). (Contributed by Vladimir Matveev in " +":issue:`23057`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop` 现在可通过 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` " +"(\"CTRL+C\") 来中断。 （由 Vladimir Matveev 在 :issue:`23057` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:666 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`asyncio.Task.get_coro` for getting the wrapped coroutine within" +" an :class:`asyncio.Task`. (Contributed by Alex Grönholm in :issue:`36999`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :meth:`asyncio.Task.get_coro` 用来获取 :class:`asyncio.Task` 中的已包装协程。 （由 " +"Alex Grönholm 在 :issue:`36999` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:670 +msgid "" +"Asyncio tasks can now be named, either by passing the ``name`` keyword " +"argument to :func:`asyncio.create_task` or the " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_task` event loop method, or by calling the " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.set_name` method on the task object. The task name is " +"visible in the ``repr()`` output of :class:`asyncio.Task` and can also be " +"retrieved using the :meth:`~asyncio.Task.get_name` method. (Contributed by " +"Alex Grönholm in :issue:`34270`.)" +msgstr "" +"asyncio 任务现在可以被命名，或者是通过将 ``name`` 关键字参数传给 :func:`asyncio.create_task` 或 " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_task` 事件循环方法，或者是通过在任务对象上调用 " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.set_name` 方法。 任务名称在 :class:`asyncio.Task` 的 ``repr()`` " +"输出中可见，并且还可以使用 :meth:`~asyncio.Task.get_name` 方法来获取。 （由 Alex Grönholm 在 " +":issue:`34270` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:678 +msgid "" +"Added support for `Happy Eyeballs " +"`_ to " +":func:`asyncio.loop.create_connection`. To specify the behavior, two new " +"parameters have been added: *happy_eyeballs_delay* and *interleave*. The " +"Happy Eyeballs algorithm improves responsiveness in applications that " +"support IPv4 and IPv6 by attempting to simultaneously connect using both. " +"(Contributed by twisteroid ambassador in :issue:`33530`.)" +msgstr "" +"将对 `Happy Eyeballs `_ 的支持添加到 " +":func:`asyncio.loop.create_connection`。 要指定此行为，已增加了两个新的形参: " +"*happy_eyeballs_delay* 和 *interleave*。 Happy Eyeballs 算法可提升支持 IPv4 和 IPv6 " +"的应用的响应速度，具体做法是尝试同时使用两者进行连接。 （由 twisteroid ambassador 在 :issue:`33530` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:688 +msgid "builtins" +msgstr "builtins" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:690 +msgid "" +"The :func:`compile` built-in has been improved to accept the " +"``ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` flag. With this new flag passed, " +":func:`compile` will allow top-level ``await``, ``async for`` and ``async " +"with`` constructs that are usually considered invalid syntax. Asynchronous " +"code object marked with the ``CO_COROUTINE`` flag may then be returned. " +"(Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier in :issue:`34616`)" +msgstr "" +"内置的 :func:`compile` 已改进为可接受 ``ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` 旗标。 " +"当传入此新旗标时，:func:`compile` 将允许通常被视为无效语法的最高层级 ``await``, ``async for`` 和 " +"``async with`` 构造。 此后将可返回带有 ``CO_COROUTINE`` 旗标的异步代码对象。 （由 Matthias " +"Bussonnier 在 :issue:`34616` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:699 +msgid "collections" +msgstr "collections" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:701 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict` method for " +":func:`collections.namedtuple` now returns a :class:`dict` instead of a " +":class:`collections.OrderedDict`. This works because regular dicts have " +"guaranteed ordering since Python 3.7. If the extra features of " +":class:`OrderedDict` are required, the suggested remediation is to cast the " +"result to the desired type: ``OrderedDict(nt._asdict())``. (Contributed by " +"Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`35864`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`collections.namedtuple` 的 :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict`" +" 方法现在将返回 :class:`dict` 而不是 :class:`collections.OrderedDict`。 此项更改是由于普通字典自 " +"Python 3.7 起已保证具有确定的元素顺序。 如果还需要 :class:`OrderedDict` " +"的额外特性，建议的解决方案是将结果转换为需要的类型: ``OrderedDict(nt._asdict())``。 （由 Raymond " +"Hettinger 在 :issue:`35864` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:711 +msgid "cProfile" +msgstr "cProfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:713 +msgid "" +"The :class:`cProfile.Profile ` class can now be used as a " +"context manager. Profile a block of code by running::" +msgstr "" +":class:`cProfile.Profile ` 类现在可被用作上下文管理器。 " +"在运行时对一个代码块实现性能分析::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:716 +msgid "" +"import cProfile\n" +"\n" +"with cProfile.Profile() as profiler:\n" +" # code to be profiled\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"import cProfile\n" +"\n" +"with cProfile.Profile() as profiler:\n" +" # 要进行性能分析的代码\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:722 +msgid "(Contributed by Scott Sanderson in :issue:`29235`.)" +msgstr "（由 Scott Sanderson 在 :issue:`29235` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:726 +msgid "csv" +msgstr "csv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:728 +msgid "" +"The :class:`csv.DictReader` now returns instances of :class:`dict` instead " +"of a :class:`collections.OrderedDict`. The tool is now faster and uses less" +" memory while still preserving the field order. (Contributed by Michael " +"Selik in :issue:`34003`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`csv.DictReader` 现在将返回 :class:`dict` 而不是 " +":class:`collections.OrderedDict`。 此工具现在会更快速且消耗更少内存同时仍然保留字段顺序。 （由 Michael " +"Selik 在 :issue:`34003` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:735 +msgid "curses" +msgstr "curses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:737 +msgid "" +"Added a new variable holding structured version information for the " +"underlying ncurses library: :data:`~curses.ncurses_version`. (Contributed by" +" Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`31680`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了一个新变量用于保存下层 ncurses 库的结构版信息: :data:`~curses.ncurses_version`。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`31680` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:743 +msgid "ctypes" +msgstr "ctypes" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:745 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :class:`~ctypes.CDLL` and subclasses now accept a *winmode* " +"parameter to specify flags for the underlying ``LoadLibraryEx`` call. The " +"default flags are set to only load DLL dependencies from trusted locations, " +"including the path where the DLL is stored (if a full or partial path is " +"used to load the initial DLL) and paths added by " +":func:`~os.add_dll_directory`. (Contributed by Steve Dower in " +":issue:`36085`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:class:`~ctypes.CDLL` 及其子类现在接受 *winmode* 形参来指定用于底层 " +"``LoadLibraryEx`` 调用的旗标。 默认旗标被设为仅加载来自可信任位置的 DLL 依赖项，包括 DLL 的存放路径（如果加载初始 DLL " +"时使用了完整或部分路径）以及通过 :func:`~os.add_dll_directory` 添加的路径。 （由 Steve Dower 在 " +":issue:`36085` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:754 +msgid "datetime" +msgstr "datetime" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Added new alternate constructors :meth:`datetime.date.fromisocalendar` and " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar`, which construct " +":class:`~datetime.date` and :class:`~datetime.datetime` objects respectively" +" from ISO year, week number, and weekday; these are the inverse of each " +"class's ``isocalendar`` method. (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in " +":issue:`36004`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的替代构造器 :meth:`datetime.date.fromisocalendar` 和 " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar`，它们分别基于 ISO 年份、周序号和周内日序号来构造 " +":class:`~datetime.date` 和 :class:`~datetime.datetime` 对象；这两者分别是其所对应类中 " +"``isocalendar`` 方法的逆操作。 （由 Paul Ganssle 在 :issue:`36004` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:764 +msgid "functools" +msgstr "functools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:766 +msgid "" +":func:`functools.lru_cache` can now be used as a straight decorator rather " +"than as a function returning a decorator. So both of these are now " +"supported::" +msgstr ":func:`functools.lru_cache` 现在可直接作为装饰器而不是作为返回装饰器的函数。 因此这两种写法现在都被支持::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:769 +msgid "" +"@lru_cache\n" +"def f(x):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@lru_cache(maxsize=256)\n" +"def f(x):\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"@lru_cache\n" +"def f(x):\n" +" ...\n" +"\n" +"@lru_cache(maxsize=256)\n" +"def f(x):\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:777 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`36772`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`36772` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Added a new :func:`functools.cached_property` decorator, for computed " +"properties cached for the life of the instance. ::" +msgstr "添加了新的 :func:`functools.cached_property` 装饰器，用于在实例生命周期内缓存的已计算特征属性。 ::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:782 +msgid "" +"import functools\n" +"import statistics\n" +"\n" +"class Dataset:\n" +" def __init__(self, sequence_of_numbers):\n" +" self.data = sequence_of_numbers\n" +"\n" +" @functools.cached_property\n" +" def variance(self):\n" +" return statistics.variance(self.data)" +msgstr "" +"import functools\n" +"import statistics\n" +"\n" +"class Dataset:\n" +" def __init__(self, sequence_of_numbers):\n" +" self.data = sequence_of_numbers\n" +"\n" +" @functools.cached_property\n" +" def variance(self):\n" +" return statistics.variance(self.data)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:793 +msgid "(Contributed by Carl Meyer in :issue:`21145`)" +msgstr "（由 Carl Meyer 在 :issue:`21145` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:796 +msgid "" +"Added a new :func:`functools.singledispatchmethod` decorator that converts " +"methods into :term:`generic functions ` using " +":term:`single dispatch`::" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :func:`functools.singledispatchmethod` 装饰器可使用 :term:`single dispatch` " +"将方法转换为 :term:`泛型函数 `::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:800 +msgid "" +"from functools import singledispatchmethod\n" +"from contextlib import suppress\n" +"\n" +"class TaskManager:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, tasks):\n" +" self.tasks = list(tasks)\n" +"\n" +" @singledispatchmethod\n" +" def discard(self, value):\n" +" with suppress(ValueError):\n" +" self.tasks.remove(value)\n" +"\n" +" @discard.register(list)\n" +" def _(self, tasks):\n" +" targets = set(tasks)\n" +" self.tasks = [x for x in self.tasks if x not in targets]" +msgstr "" +"from functools import singledispatchmethod\n" +"from contextlib import suppress\n" +"\n" +"class TaskManager:\n" +"\n" +" def __init__(self, tasks):\n" +" self.tasks = list(tasks)\n" +"\n" +" @singledispatchmethod\n" +" def discard(self, value):\n" +" with suppress(ValueError):\n" +" self.tasks.remove(value)\n" +"\n" +" @discard.register(list)\n" +" def _(self, tasks):\n" +" targets = set(tasks)\n" +" self.tasks = [x for x in self.tasks if x not in targets]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:818 +msgid "(Contributed by Ethan Smith in :issue:`32380`)" +msgstr "（由 Ethan Smith 在 :issue:`32380` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:821 +msgid "gc" +msgstr "gc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:823 +msgid "" +":func:`~gc.get_objects` can now receive an optional *generation* parameter " +"indicating a generation to get objects from. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo " +"in :issue:`36016`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~gc.get_objects` 现在能接受一个可选的 *generation* 形参来指定一个用于获取对象的生成器。 （由 Pablo " +"Galindo 在 :issue:`36016` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:829 +msgid "gettext" +msgstr "gettext" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:831 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`~gettext.pgettext` and its variants. (Contributed by Franz " +"Glasner, Éric Araujo, and Cheryl Sabella in :issue:`2504`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`~gettext.pgettext` 及其变化形式。 （由 Franz Glasner, Éric Araujo 和 Cheryl" +" Sabella 在 :issue:`2504` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:836 +msgid "gzip" +msgstr "gzip" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:838 +msgid "" +"Added the *mtime* parameter to :func:`gzip.compress` for reproducible " +"output. (Contributed by Guo Ci Teo in :issue:`34898`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 *mtime* 形参到 :func:`gzip.compress` 用于可重现的输出。 （由 Guo Ci Teo 在 " +":issue:`34898` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:841 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`~gzip.BadGzipFile` exception is now raised instead of :exc:`OSError`" +" for certain types of invalid or corrupt gzip files. (Contributed by Filip " +"Gruszczyński, Michele Orrù, and Zackery Spytz in :issue:`6584`.)" +msgstr "" +"对于特定类型的无效或已损坏 gzip 文件现在将引发 :exc:`~gzip.BadGzipFile` 而不是 :exc:`OSError`。 （由 " +"Filip Gruszczyński, Michele Orrù 和 Zackery Spytz 在 :issue:`6584` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:848 +msgid "IDLE and idlelib" +msgstr "IDLE 与 idlelib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:850 +msgid "" +"Output over N lines (50 by default) is squeezed down to a button. N can be " +"changed in the PyShell section of the General page of the Settings dialog. " +"Fewer, but possibly extra long, lines can be squeezed by right clicking on " +"the output. Squeezed output can be expanded in place by double-clicking the" +" button or into the clipboard or a separate window by right-clicking the " +"button. (Contributed by Tal Einat in :issue:`1529353`.)" +msgstr "" +"超过 N 行（默认值为 50）的输出将被折叠为一个按钮。 N 可以在 Settings 对话框的 General 页的 PyShell 部分中进行修改。" +" 数量较少但是超长的行可以通过在输出上右击来折叠。 被折叠的输出可通过双击按钮来展开，或是通过右击按钮来放入剪贴板或是单独的窗口。 （由 Tal " +"Einat 在 :issue:`1529353` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:857 +msgid "" +"Add \"Run Customized\" to the Run menu to run a module with customized " +"settings. Any command line arguments entered are added to sys.argv. They " +"also re-appear in the box for the next customized run. One can also " +"suppress the normal Shell main module restart. (Contributed by Cheryl " +"Sabella, Terry Jan Reedy, and others in :issue:`5680` and :issue:`37627`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Run 菜单中增加了 \"Run Customized\" 以使用自定义设置来运行模块。 输入的任何命令行参数都会被加入 sys.argv。 " +"它们在下次自定义运行时会再次显示在窗体中。 用户也可以禁用通常的 Shell 主模块重启。 （由 Cheryl Sabella, Terry Jan " +"Reedy 等人在 :issue:`5680` 和 :issue:`37627` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:863 +msgid "" +"Added optional line numbers for IDLE editor windows. Windows open without " +"line numbers unless set otherwise in the General tab of the configuration " +"dialog. Line numbers for an existing window are shown and hidden in the " +"Options menu. (Contributed by Tal Einat and Saimadhav Heblikar in " +":issue:`17535`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 IDLE 编辑器窗口中增加了可选的行号。 窗口打开时默认不显示行号，除非在配置对话框的 General 选项卡中特别设置。 已打开窗口中的行号可以在" +" Options 菜单中显示和隐藏。 （由 Tal Einat 和 Saimadhav Heblikar 在 :issue:`17535` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:869 +msgid "" +"OS native encoding is now used for converting between Python strings and Tcl" +" objects. This allows IDLE to work with emoji and other non-BMP characters. " +"These characters can be displayed or copied and pasted to or from the " +"clipboard. Converting strings from Tcl to Python and back now never fails. " +"(Many people worked on this for eight years but the problem was finally " +"solved by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`13153`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在会使用 OS 本机编码格式在 Python 字符串和 Tcl 对象间进行转换。 这允许在 IDLE 中处理 emoji 和其他非 BMP 字符。 " +"这些字符将可被显示或是从剪贴板复制和粘贴。 字符串从 Tcl 到 Python 的来回转换现在不会再发生失败。 " +"（过去八年有许多人都为此付出过努力，问题最终由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`13153` 中解决。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:876 +msgid "New in 3.8.1:" +msgstr "在 3.8.1 中新增:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:878 +msgid "" +"Add option to toggle cursor blink off. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in " +":issue:`4603`.)" +msgstr "添加切换光标闪烁停止的选项。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 :issue:`4603` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:881 +msgid "" +"Escape key now closes IDLE completion windows. (Contributed by Johnny " +"Najera in :issue:`38944`.)" +msgstr "Esc 键现在会关闭 IDLE 补全提示窗口。 （由 Johnny Najera 在 :issue:`38944` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:884 +msgid "The changes above have been backported to 3.7 maintenance releases." +msgstr "上述修改已被反向移植到 3.7 维护发行版中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:886 +msgid "" +"Add keywords to module name completion list. (Contributed by Terry J. Reedy" +" in :issue:`37765`.)" +msgstr "添加关键字到模块名称补全列表。 （由 Terry J. Reedy 在 :issue:`37765` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:890 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:892 +msgid "" +"The :func:`inspect.getdoc` function can now find docstrings for " +"``__slots__`` if that attribute is a :class:`dict` where the values are " +"docstrings. This provides documentation options similar to what we already " +"have for :func:`property`, :func:`classmethod`, and :func:`staticmethod`::" +msgstr "" +":func:`inspect.getdoc` 函数现在可以找到 ``__slots__`` 的文档字符串，如果该属性是一个元素值为文档字符串的 " +":class:`dict` 的话。 这提供了类似于目前已有的 :func:`property`, :func:`classmethod` 和 " +":func:`staticmethod` 等函数的文档选项::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:897 +msgid "" +"class AudioClip:\n" +" __slots__ = {'bit_rate': 'expressed in kilohertz to one decimal place',\n" +" 'duration': 'in seconds, rounded up to an integer'}\n" +" def __init__(self, bit_rate, duration):\n" +" self.bit_rate = round(bit_rate / 1000.0, 1)\n" +" self.duration = ceil(duration)" +msgstr "" +"class AudioClip:\n" +" __slots__ = {'bit_rate': 'expressed in kilohertz to one decimal place',\n" +" 'duration': 'in seconds, rounded up to an integer'}\n" +" def __init__(self, bit_rate, duration):\n" +" self.bit_rate = round(bit_rate / 1000.0, 1)\n" +" self.duration = ceil(duration)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:904 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`36326`.)" +msgstr "（由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`36326` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:908 +msgid "io" +msgstr "io" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:910 +msgid "" +"In development mode (:option:`-X` ``env``) and in :ref:`debug build `, the :class:`io.IOBase` finalizer now logs the exception if the " +"``close()`` method fails. The exception is ignored silently by default in " +"release build. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`18748`.)" +msgstr "" +"在开发模式 (:option:`-X` ``env``) 和 :ref:`调试编译版 ` " +"中，:class:`io.IOBase` 终结器现在会在 ``close()`` 方法失败时将异常写入日志。 发生的异常在发布编译版中会被静默地忽略。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`18748` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:917 +msgid "itertools" +msgstr "itertools" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:919 +msgid "" +"The :func:`itertools.accumulate` function added an option *initial* keyword " +"argument to specify an initial value::" +msgstr ":func:`itertools.accumulate` 函数增加了可选的 *initial* 关键字参数用来指定一个初始值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:922 +msgid "" +">>> from itertools import accumulate\n" +">>> list(accumulate([10, 5, 30, 15], initial=1000))\n" +"[1000, 1010, 1015, 1045, 1060]" +msgstr "" +">>> from itertools import accumulate\n" +">>> list(accumulate([10, 5, 30, 15], initial=1000))\n" +"[1000, 1010, 1015, 1045, 1060]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:926 +msgid "(Contributed by Lisa Roach in :issue:`34659`.)" +msgstr "（由 Lisa Roach 在 :issue:`34659` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:930 +msgid "json.tool" +msgstr "json.tool" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:932 +msgid "" +"Add option ``--json-lines`` to parse every input line as a separate JSON " +"object. (Contributed by Weipeng Hong in :issue:`31553`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加选项 ``--json-lines`` 用于将每个输入行解析为单独的 JSON 对象。 （由 Weipeng Hong 在 " +":issue:`31553` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:937 +msgid "logging" +msgstr "logging" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:939 +msgid "" +"Added a *force* keyword argument to :func:`logging.basicConfig`. When set to" +" true, any existing handlers attached to the root logger are removed and " +"closed before carrying out the configuration specified by the other " +"arguments." +msgstr "" +"为 :func:`logging.basicConfig` 添加了 *force* 关键字参数。 " +"当设为真值时，关联到根日志记录器的任何现有处理器都将在执行由其他参数所指定的配置之前被移除并关闭。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:944 +msgid "" +"This solves a long-standing problem. Once a logger or *basicConfig()* had " +"been called, subsequent calls to *basicConfig()* were silently ignored. This" +" made it difficult to update, experiment with, or teach the various logging " +"configuration options using the interactive prompt or a Jupyter notebook." +msgstr "" +"这解决了一个长期存在的问题。 当一个日志处理器或 *basicConfig()* 被调用时，对 *basicConfig()* " +"的后续调用会被静默地忽略。 这导致使用交互提示符或 Jupyter 笔记本更新、试验或讲解各种日志配置选项变得相当困难。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:950 +msgid "" +"(Suggested by Raymond Hettinger, implemented by Donghee Na, and reviewed by " +"Vinay Sajip in :issue:`33897`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Raymond Hettinger 提议，由 Donghee Na 实现，并由 Vinay Sajip 审核后在 :issue:`33897` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:955 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:957 +msgid "" +"Added new function :func:`math.dist` for computing Euclidean distance " +"between two points. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`33089`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的函数 :func:`math.dist` 用于计算两点之间的欧几里得距离。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`33089` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:960 +msgid "" +"Expanded the :func:`math.hypot` function to handle multiple dimensions. " +"Formerly, it only supported the 2-D case. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger " +"in :issue:`33089`.)" +msgstr "" +"扩展了 :func:`math.hypot` 函数以便处理更多的维度。 之前它仅支持 2-D 的情况。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`33089` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:964 +msgid "" +"Added new function, :func:`math.prod`, as analogous function to :func:`sum` " +"that returns the product of a 'start' value (default: 1) times an iterable " +"of numbers::" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的函数 :func:`math.prod` 作为的 :func:`sum` 同类，该函数返回 'start' 值 (默认值: 1) " +"乘以一个数字可迭代对象的积::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:968 +msgid "" +">>> prior = 0.8\n" +">>> likelihoods = [0.625, 0.84, 0.30]\n" +">>> math.prod(likelihoods, start=prior)\n" +"0.126" +msgstr "" +">>> prior = 0.8\n" +">>> likelihoods = [0.625, 0.84, 0.30]\n" +">>> math.prod(likelihoods, start=prior)\n" +"0.126" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:973 +msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`35606`.)" +msgstr "（由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`35606` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:975 +msgid "" +"Added two new combinatoric functions :func:`math.perm` and " +":func:`math.comb`::" +msgstr "添加了两个新的组合函数 :func:`math.perm` 和 :func:`math.comb`::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:977 +msgid "" +">>> math.perm(10, 3) # Permutations of 10 things taken 3 at a time\n" +"720\n" +">>> math.comb(10, 3) # Combinations of 10 things taken 3 at a time\n" +"120" +msgstr "" +">>> math.perm(10, 3) # 10 项每次取 3 项的排列\n" +"720\n" +">>> math.comb(10, 3) # 10 项每次取 3 项的组合\n" +"120" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:982 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Yash Aggarwal, Keller Fuchs, Serhiy Storchaka, and Raymond " +"Hettinger in :issue:`37128`, :issue:`37178`, and :issue:`35431`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Yash Aggarwal, Keller Fuchs, Serhiy Storchaka 和 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`37128`, :issue:`37178` 和 :issue:`35431` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:985 +msgid "" +"Added a new function :func:`math.isqrt` for computing accurate integer " +"square roots without conversion to floating point. The new function " +"supports arbitrarily large integers. It is faster than ``floor(sqrt(n))`` " +"but slower than :func:`math.sqrt`::" +msgstr "" +"添加了一个新函数 :func:`math.isqrt` 用于计算精确整数平方根而无需转换为浮点数。 该新函数支持任意大整数。 它的执行速度比 " +"``floor(sqrt(n))`` 快但是比 :func:`math.sqrt` 慢::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:990 +msgid "" +">>> r = 650320427\n" +">>> s = r ** 2\n" +">>> isqrt(s - 1) # correct\n" +"650320426\n" +">>> floor(sqrt(s - 1)) # incorrect\n" +"650320427" +msgstr "" +">>> r = 650320427\n" +">>> s = r ** 2\n" +">>> isqrt(s - 1) # 正确\n" +"650320426\n" +">>> floor(sqrt(s - 1)) # 不正确\n" +"650320427" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:997 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`36887`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Dickinson 在 :issue:`36887` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:999 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`math.factorial` no longer accepts arguments that are not" +" int-like. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`33083`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`math.factorial` 不再接受非整数类参数。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`33083` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1004 +msgid "mmap" +msgstr "mmap" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1006 +msgid "" +"The :class:`mmap.mmap` class now has an :meth:`~mmap.mmap.madvise` method to" +" access the ``madvise()`` system call. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in " +":issue:`32941`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`mmap.mmap` 类现在具有一个 :meth:`~mmap.mmap.madvise` 方法用于访问 ``madvise()`` " +"系统调用。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 :issue:`32941` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1012 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1014 +msgid "" +"Added new :mod:`multiprocessing.shared_memory` module. (Contributed by Davin" +" Potts in :issue:`35813`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :mod:`multiprocessing.shared_memory` 模块。 （由 Davin Potts 在 " +":issue:`35813` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1017 +msgid "" +"On macOS, the *spawn* start method is now used by default. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`33725`.)" +msgstr "" +"在macOS上，现在默认使用的启动方式是*spawn*启动方式。\n" +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`33725` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1022 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"Added new function :func:`~os.add_dll_directory` on Windows for providing " +"additional search paths for native dependencies when importing extension " +"modules or loading DLLs using :mod:`ctypes`. (Contributed by Steve Dower in " +":issue:`36085`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上添加了新函数 :func:`~os.add_dll_directory` 用于在导入扩展模块或使用 :mod:`ctypes` " +"加载 DLL 时为本机依赖提供额外搜索路径 。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :issue:`36085` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"A new :func:`os.memfd_create` function was added to wrap the " +"``memfd_create()`` syscall. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz and Christian " +"Heimes in :issue:`26836`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :func:`os.memfd_create` 函数用于包装 ``memfd_create()`` 系统调用。 （由 Zackery " +"Spytz 和 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`26836` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1033 +msgid "" +"On Windows, much of the manual logic for handling reparse points (including " +"symlinks and directory junctions) has been delegated to the operating " +"system. Specifically, :func:`os.stat` will now traverse anything supported " +"by the operating system, while :func:`os.lstat` will only open reparse " +"points that identify as \"name surrogates\" while others are opened as for " +":func:`os.stat`. In all cases, :attr:`stat_result.st_mode` will only have " +"``S_IFLNK`` set for symbolic links and not other kinds of reparse points. To" +" identify other kinds of reparse point, check the new " +":attr:`stat_result.st_reparse_tag` attribute." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，大部分用于处理重解析点,（包括符号链接和目录连接）的手动逻辑已被委托给操作系统。 特别地，:func:`os.stat` " +"现在将会遍历操作系统所支持的任何内容，而 :func:`os.lstat` 将只打开被标识为“名称代理”的重解析点，而其要由 " +":func:`os.stat` 打开其他的重解析点。 在所有情况下，:attr:`stat_result.st_mode` " +"将只为符号链接而非其他种类的重解析点设置 ``S_IFLNK``。 要标识其他种类的重解析点，请检查新的 " +":attr:`stat_result.st_reparse_tag` 属性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1042 +msgid "" +"On Windows, :func:`os.readlink` is now able to read directory junctions. " +"Note that :func:`~os.path.islink` will return ``False`` for directory " +"junctions, and so code that checks ``islink`` first will continue to treat " +"junctions as directories, while code that handles errors from " +":func:`os.readlink` may now treat junctions as links." +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上，:func:`os.readlink` 现在能够读取目录连接。 请注意 :func:`~os.path.islink` " +"会对目录连接返回 ``False``，因此首先检查 ``islink`` 的代码将连续把连接视为目录，而会处理 :func:`os.readlink` " +"所引发错误的代码现在会把连接视为链接。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1048 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1073 +msgid "(Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`37834`.)" +msgstr "（由 Steve Dower 在 :issue:`37834` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1052 +msgid "os.path" +msgstr "os.path" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1054 +msgid "" +":mod:`os.path` functions that return a boolean result like " +":func:`~os.path.exists`, :func:`~os.path.lexists`, :func:`~os.path.isdir`, " +":func:`~os.path.isfile`, :func:`~os.path.islink`, and " +":func:`~os.path.ismount` now return ``False`` instead of raising " +":exc:`ValueError` or its subclasses :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` and " +":exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` for paths that contain characters or bytes " +"unrepresentable at the OS level. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`33721`.)" +msgstr "" +"返回布尔值结果的 :mod:`os.path` 函数例如 :func:`~os.path.exists`, " +":func:`~os.path.lexists`, :func:`~os.path.isdir`, :func:`~os.path.isfile`, " +":func:`~os.path.islink`, 以及 :func:`~os.path.ismount` 现在对于包含在 OS " +"层级无法表示的字符或字节的路径将会返回 ``False`` 而不是引发 :exc:`ValueError` 或其子类 " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` 和 :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在" +" :issue:`33721` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1062 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1965 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.path.expanduser` on Windows now prefers the :envvar:`USERPROFILE`" +" environment variable and does not use :envvar:`HOME`, which is not normally" +" set for regular user accounts. (Contributed by Anthony Sottile in " +":issue:`36264`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`~os.path.expanduser` 在 Windows 上现在改用 :envvar:`USERPROFILE` 环境变量而不再使用 " +":envvar:`HOME`，后者通常不会为一般用户账户设置。 （由 Anthony Sottile 在 :issue:`36264` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1067 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.path.isdir` on Windows no longer returns ``True`` for a link to a" +" non-existent directory." +msgstr ":func:`~os.path.isdir` 在 Windows 上将不再为不存在的目录的链接返回 ``True``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1070 +msgid "" +":func:`~os.path.realpath` on Windows now resolves reparse points, including " +"symlinks and directory junctions." +msgstr ":func:`~os.path.realpath` 在 Windows 上现在会识别重解析点，包括符号链接和目录连接。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1077 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1079 +msgid "" +":mod:`pathlib.Path` methods that return a boolean result like " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket` now return ``False`` instead of raising " +":exc:`ValueError` or its subclass :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` for paths that " +"contain characters unrepresentable at the OS level. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`33721`.)" +msgstr "" +"返回布尔值结果的 :mod:`pathlib.Path` 方法例如 :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`," +" :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket` 现在对于包含在 OS " +"层级上无法表示的字符的路径将返回 ``False`` 而不是引发 :exc:`ValueError` 或其子类 " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`33721` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1089 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to` which creates a hard link pointing to a " +"path. (Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye in :issue:`26978`) Note that " +"``link_to`` was deprecated in 3.10 and removed in 3.12 in favor of a " +"``hardlink_to`` method added in 3.10 which matches the semantics of the " +"existing ``symlink_to`` method." +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`!pathlib.Path.link_to`，它可以创建指向一个路径的硬链接。 （由 Joannah Nanjekye 在 " +":issue:`26978` 中贡献） 请注意 ``link_to`` 在 3.10 中被弃用并在 3.12 中被移除并改用在 3.10 中添加的 " +"``hardlink_to`` 方法，它与现有 ``symlink_to`` 方法的语义相匹配。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1098 +msgid "pickle" +msgstr "pickle" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1100 +msgid "" +":mod:`pickle` extensions subclassing the C-optimized " +":class:`~pickle.Pickler` can now override the pickling logic of functions " +"and classes by defining the special :meth:`~pickle.Pickler.reducer_override`" +" method. (Contributed by Pierre Glaser and Olivier Grisel in " +":issue:`35900`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`pickle` 扩展子类化针对 C 优化的 :class:`~pickle.Pickler` 现在可通过定义特殊的 " +":meth:`~pickle.Pickler.reducer_override` 方法来重载函数和类的封存逻辑。 （由 Pierre Glaser 和 " +"Olivier Grisel 在 :issue:`35900` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1107 +msgid "plistlib" +msgstr "plistlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1109 +msgid "" +"Added new :class:`plistlib.UID` and enabled support for reading and writing " +"NSKeyedArchiver-encoded binary plists. (Contributed by Jon Janzen in " +":issue:`26707`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :class:`plistlib.UID` 并启动了对读取和写入经过 NSKeyedArchiver 编码的二进制 plists 的支持。 " +"（由 Jon Janzen 在 :issue:`26707` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1115 +msgid "pprint" +msgstr "pprint" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1117 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`pprint` module added a *sort_dicts* parameter to several " +"functions. By default, those functions continue to sort dictionaries before " +"rendering or printing. However, if *sort_dicts* is set to false, the " +"dictionaries retain the order that keys were inserted. This can be useful " +"for comparison to JSON inputs during debugging." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pprint` 模块为一些函数添加了 *sort_dicts* 形参。 默认情况下，这些函数会继续在渲染或打印之前对字典进行排序。 " +"但是，如果 *sort_dicts* 设为假值，则字典将保持键插入时的顺序。 这在调试期间与 JSON 输入进行比较时会很有用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1123 +msgid "" +"In addition, there is a convenience new function, :func:`pprint.pp` that is " +"like :func:`pprint.pprint` but with *sort_dicts* defaulting to ``False``::" +msgstr "" +"除此之外，还增加了一个方便的新函数 :func:`pprint.pp`，它类似于 :func:`pprint.pprint` 但它的 " +"*sort_dicts* 默认为 ``False``::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1126 +msgid "" +">>> from pprint import pprint, pp\n" +">>> d = dict(source='input.txt', operation='filter', destination='output.txt')\n" +">>> pp(d, width=40) # Original order\n" +"{'source': 'input.txt',\n" +" 'operation': 'filter',\n" +" 'destination': 'output.txt'}\n" +">>> pprint(d, width=40) # Keys sorted alphabetically\n" +"{'destination': 'output.txt',\n" +" 'operation': 'filter',\n" +" 'source': 'input.txt'}" +msgstr "" +">>> from pprint import pprint, pp\n" +">>> d = dict(source='input.txt', operation='filter', destination='output.txt')\n" +">>> pp(d, width=40) # 原始顺序\n" +"{'source': 'input.txt',\n" +" 'operation': 'filter',\n" +" 'destination': 'output.txt'}\n" +">>> pprint(d, width=40) # 键按字母顺序排序\n" +"{'destination': 'output.txt',\n" +" 'operation': 'filter',\n" +" 'source': 'input.txt'}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1137 +msgid "(Contributed by Rémi Lapeyre in :issue:`30670`.)" +msgstr "（由 Rémi Lapeyre 在 :issue:`30670` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1141 +msgid "py_compile" +msgstr "py_compile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1143 +msgid "" +":func:`py_compile.compile` now supports silent mode. (Contributed by Joannah" +" Nanjekye in :issue:`22640`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`py_compile.compile` 现在支持静默模式。 （由 Joannah Nanjekye 在 :issue:`22640` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1148 +msgid "shlex" +msgstr "shlex" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1150 +msgid "" +"The new :func:`shlex.join` function acts as the inverse of " +":func:`shlex.split`. (Contributed by Bo Bayles in :issue:`32102`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了 :func:`shlex.join` 函数作为 :func:`shlex.split` 的逆操作。 （由 Bo Bayles 在 " +":issue:`32102` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1155 +msgid "shutil" +msgstr "shutil" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1157 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.copytree` now accepts a new ``dirs_exist_ok`` keyword " +"argument. (Contributed by Josh Bronson in :issue:`20849`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.copytree` 现在接受新的 ``dirs_exist_ok`` 关键字参数。 （由 Josh Bronson 在 " +":issue:`20849` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1160 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.make_archive` now defaults to the modern pax (POSIX.1-2001) " +"format for new archives to improve portability and standards conformance, " +"inherited from the corresponding change to the :mod:`tarfile` module. " +"(Contributed by C.A.M. Gerlach in :issue:`30661`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.make_archive` 现在对新的归档默认使用 modern pax (POSIX.1-2001) " +"格式以提升可移植性和标准一致性，此特性继承自对 :mod:`tarfile` 模块的相应更改。 （由 C.A.M. Gerlach 在 " +":issue:`30661` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1165 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.rmtree` on Windows now removes directory junctions without " +"recursively removing their contents first. (Contributed by Steve Dower in " +":issue:`37834`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.rmtree` 在 Windows 上现在会移除目录连接而不会递归地先移除其中的内容。 （由 Steve Dower 在 " +":issue:`37834` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1171 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1173 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`~socket.create_server` and :meth:`~socket.has_dualstack_ipv6` " +"convenience functions to automate the necessary tasks usually involved when " +"creating a server socket, including accepting both IPv4 and IPv6 connections" +" on the same socket. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`17561`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :meth:`~socket.create_server` 和 :meth:`~socket.has_dualstack_ipv6` " +"便捷函数以自动化在创建服务器套接字时通常情况下所必须的任务，包括在同一套接字中同时接受 IPv4 和 IPv6 连接。 （由 Giampaolo " +"Rodolà 在 :issue:`17561` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1178 +msgid "" +"The :func:`socket.if_nameindex`, :func:`socket.if_nametoindex`, and " +":func:`socket.if_indextoname` functions have been implemented on Windows. " +"(Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`37007`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`socket.if_nameindex`, :func:`socket.if_nametoindex` 和 " +":func:`socket.if_indextoname` 函数已经在 Windows 上实现。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 " +":issue:`37007` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1184 +msgid "ssl" +msgstr "ssl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1186 +msgid "" +"Added :attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth` to enable and " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` to initiate TLS 1.3 " +"post-handshake authentication. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`34670`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.post_handshake_auth` 和 " +":meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake` 分别启用和初始化 TLS 1.3 握手后验证。 " +"（由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`34670` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1193 +msgid "statistics" +msgstr "statistics" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1195 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`statistics.fmean` as a faster, floating-point variant of " +":func:`statistics.mean`. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Steven " +"D'Aprano in :issue:`35904`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`statistics.fmean` 作为 :func:`statistics.mean` 的更快速的浮点数版本。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 和 Steven D'Aprano 在 :issue:`35904` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1199 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`statistics.geometric_mean` (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in" +" :issue:`27181`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`statistics.geometric_mean` （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`27181` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1202 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`statistics.multimode` that returns a list of the most common " +"values. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`35892`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`statistics.multimode` 用于返回最常见值的列表。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`35892` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1205 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`statistics.quantiles` that divides data or a distribution in to" +" equiprobable intervals (e.g. quartiles, deciles, or percentiles). " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`36546`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`statistics.quantiles` 用于将数据或分布划分为多个等概率区间（例如四分位、十分位或百分位）。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`36546` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1209 +msgid "" +"Added :class:`statistics.NormalDist`, a tool for creating and manipulating " +"normal distributions of a random variable. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger" +" in :issue:`36018`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :class:`statistics.NormalDist` 用于创建和操纵随机变量的正态分布。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`36018` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1215 +msgid "" +">>> temperature_feb = NormalDist.from_samples([4, 12, -3, 2, 7, 14])\n" +">>> temperature_feb.mean\n" +"6.0\n" +">>> temperature_feb.stdev\n" +"6.356099432828281\n" +"\n" +">>> temperature_feb.cdf(3) # Chance of being under 3 degrees\n" +"0.3184678262814532\n" +">>> # Relative chance of being 7 degrees versus 10 degrees\n" +">>> temperature_feb.pdf(7) / temperature_feb.pdf(10)\n" +"1.2039930378537762\n" +"\n" +">>> el_niño = NormalDist(4, 2.5)\n" +">>> temperature_feb += el_niño # Add in a climate effect\n" +">>> temperature_feb\n" +"NormalDist(mu=10.0, sigma=6.830080526611674)\n" +"\n" +">>> temperature_feb * (9/5) + 32 # Convert to Fahrenheit\n" +"NormalDist(mu=50.0, sigma=12.294144947901014)\n" +">>> temperature_feb.samples(3) # Generate random samples\n" +"[7.672102882379219, 12.000027119750287, 4.647488369766392]" +msgstr "" +">>> temperature_feb = NormalDist.from_samples([4, 12, -3, 2, 7, 14])\n" +">>> temperature_feb.mean\n" +"6.0\n" +">>> temperature_feb.stdev\n" +"6.356099432828281\n" +"\n" +">>> temperature_feb.cdf(3) # 在 3 度以下的几率\n" +"0.3184678262814532\n" +">>> # 为 7 度与为 10 度的相对几率\n" +">>> temperature_feb.pdf(7) / temperature_feb.pdf(10)\n" +"1.2039930378537762\n" +"\n" +">>> el_niño = NormalDist(4, 2.5)\n" +">>> temperature_feb += el_niño # 加入一个气候效应\n" +">>> temperature_feb\n" +"NormalDist(mu=10.0, sigma=6.830080526611674)\n" +"\n" +">>> temperature_feb * (9/5) + 32 # 转换为华氏度\n" +"NormalDist(mu=50.0, sigma=12.294144947901014)\n" +">>> temperature_feb.samples(3) # 生成随机样本\n" +"[7.672102882379219, 12.000027119750287, 4.647488369766392]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1239 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"Add new :func:`sys.unraisablehook` function which can be overridden to " +"control how \"unraisable exceptions\" are handled. It is called when an " +"exception has occurred but there is no way for Python to handle it. For " +"example, when a destructor raises an exception or during garbage collection " +"(:func:`gc.collect`). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36829`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :func:`sys.unraisablehook` 函数，可被重载以便控制如何处理“不可引发的异常”。 它会在发生了一个异常但 " +"Python 没有办法处理时被调用。 例如，当一个析构器在垃圾回收时 (:func:`gc.collect`) 所引发的异常。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`36829` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1250 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2350 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1252 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tarfile` module now defaults to the modern pax (POSIX.1-2001) " +"format for new archives, instead of the previous GNU-specific one. This " +"improves cross-platform portability with a consistent encoding (UTF-8) in a " +"standardized and extensible format, and offers several other benefits. " +"(Contributed by C.A.M. Gerlach in :issue:`36268`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile` 模块现在对新的归档默认使用 modern pax (POSIX.1-2001) 格式而不再是之前的 GNU 专属格式。 " +"这通过标准化和可扩展格式的统一编码 (UTF-8) 提升了跨平台可移植性，还提供了其他一些益处。 （由 C.A.M. Gerlach 在 " +":issue:`36268` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1260 +msgid "threading" +msgstr "threading" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1262 +msgid "" +"Add a new :func:`threading.excepthook` function which handles uncaught " +":meth:`threading.Thread.run` exception. It can be overridden to control how " +"uncaught :meth:`threading.Thread.run` exceptions are handled. (Contributed " +"by Victor Stinner in :issue:`1230540`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :func:`threading.excepthook` 函数用来处理未捕获的 :meth:`threading.Thread.run` " +"异常。 它可被重载以便控制如何处理未捕获的 :meth:`threading.Thread.run` 异常。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`1230540` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1267 +msgid "" +"Add a new :func:`threading.get_native_id` function and a " +":data:`~threading.Thread.native_id` attribute to the " +":class:`threading.Thread` class. These return the native integral Thread ID " +"of the current thread assigned by the kernel. This feature is only available" +" on certain platforms, see :func:`get_native_id ` " +"for more information. (Contributed by Jake Tesler in :issue:`36084`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :func:`threading.get_native_id` 函数以及 :class:`threading.Thread` 类的 " +":data:`~threading.Thread.native_id` 属性。 它们会返回内核所分配给当前线程的原生整数线程 ID。 " +"此特性仅在特定平台上可用，参见 :func:`get_native_id ` 了解详情。 （由 " +"Jake Tesler 在 :issue:`36084` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1277 +msgid "tokenize" +msgstr "tokenize" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1279 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`tokenize` module now implicitly emits a ``NEWLINE`` token when " +"provided with input that does not have a trailing new line. This behavior " +"now matches what the C tokenizer does internally. (Contributed by Ammar " +"Askar in :issue:`33899`.)" +msgstr "" +"当提供不带末尾新行的输入时，:mod:`tokenize` 模块现在会隐式地添加 ``NEWLINE`` 形符。 此行为现在已与 C " +"词法分析器的内部行为相匹配。 （由 Ammar Askar 在 :issue:`33899` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1286 +msgid "tkinter" +msgstr "tkinter" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1288 +msgid "" +"Added methods :meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_from`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_present`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_range` and " +":meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_to` in the :class:`tkinter.Spinbox` class." +" (Contributed by Juliette Monsel in :issue:`34829`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`tkinter.Spinbox` 中添加了方法 :meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_from`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_present`, " +":meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_range` 和 " +":meth:`~tkinter.Spinbox.selection_to`。 （由 Juliette Monsel 在 :issue:`34829` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1295 +msgid "" +"Added method :meth:`~tkinter.Canvas.moveto` in the :class:`tkinter.Canvas` " +"class. (Contributed by Juliette Monsel in :issue:`23831`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`tkinter.Canvas` 类中添加了方法 :meth:`~tkinter.Canvas.moveto`。 （由 " +"Juliette Monsel 在 :issue:`23831` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1299 +msgid "" +"The :class:`tkinter.PhotoImage` class now has " +":meth:`~tkinter.PhotoImage.transparency_get` and " +":meth:`~tkinter.PhotoImage.transparency_set` methods. (Contributed by " +"Zackery Spytz in :issue:`25451`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`tkinter.PhotoImage` 类现在具有 " +":meth:`~tkinter.PhotoImage.transparency_get` 和 " +":meth:`~tkinter.PhotoImage.transparency_set` 方法。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 " +":issue:`25451` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1306 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1308 +msgid "" +"Added new clock :const:`~time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW` for macOS 10.12. " +"(Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye in :issue:`35702`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 macOS 10.12 添加了新的时钟 :const:`~time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW`。 （由 Joannah Nanjekye 在" +" :issue:`35702` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1313 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1315 +msgid "The :mod:`typing` module incorporates several new features:" +msgstr ":mod:`typing` 模块加入了一些新特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"A dictionary type with per-key types. See :pep:`589` and " +":class:`typing.TypedDict`. TypedDict uses only string keys. By default, " +"every key is required to be present. Specify \"total=False\" to allow keys " +"to be optional::" +msgstr "" +"一个带有键专属类型的字典类型。 参见 :pep:`589` 和 :class:`typing.TypedDict`。 TypedDict " +"只使用字符串作为键。 默认情况下每个键都要求提供。 指定 \"total=False\" 以允许键作为可选项::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1322 +msgid "" +"class Location(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" lat_long: tuple\n" +" grid_square: str\n" +" xy_coordinate: tuple" +msgstr "" +"class Location(TypedDict, total=False):\n" +" lat_long: tuple\n" +" grid_square: str\n" +" xy_coordinate: tuple" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"Literal types. See :pep:`586` and :class:`typing.Literal`. Literal types " +"indicate that a parameter or return value is constrained to one or more " +"specific literal values::" +msgstr "" +"Literal 类型。 参见 :pep:`586` 和 :class:`typing.Literal`。 Literal " +"类型指明一个形参或返回值被限定为一个或多个特定的字面值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1331 +msgid "" +"def get_status(port: int) -> Literal['connected', 'disconnected']:\n" +" ..." +msgstr "" +"def get_status(port: int) -> Literal['connected', 'disconnected']:\n" +" ..." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1334 +msgid "" +"\"Final\" variables, functions, methods and classes. See :pep:`591`, " +":class:`typing.Final` and :func:`typing.final`. The final qualifier " +"instructs a static type checker to restrict subclassing, overriding, or " +"reassignment::" +msgstr "" +"\"Final\" 变量、函数、方法和类。 参见 :pep:`591`, :class:`typing.Final` 和 " +":func:`typing.final`。 final 限定符会指示静态类型检查器限制进行子类化、重载或重新赋值::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1339 +msgid "pi: Final[float] = 3.1415926536" +msgstr "pi: Final[float] = 3.1415926536" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1341 +msgid "" +"Protocol definitions. See :pep:`544`, :class:`typing.Protocol` and " +":func:`typing.runtime_checkable`. Simple ABCs like " +":class:`typing.SupportsInt` are now ``Protocol`` subclasses." +msgstr "" +"协议定义。 参见 :pep:`544`, :class:`typing.Protocol` 和 " +":func:`typing.runtime_checkable`。 简单的 ABC 例如 :class:`typing.SupportsInt` 现在是" +" ``Protocol`` 的子类。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1345 +msgid "New protocol class :class:`typing.SupportsIndex`." +msgstr "新的协议类 :class:`typing.SupportsIndex`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1347 +msgid "New functions :func:`typing.get_origin` and :func:`typing.get_args`." +msgstr "新的函数 :func:`typing.get_origin` 和 :func:`typing.get_args`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1351 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1353 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`unicodedata` module has been upgraded to use the `Unicode 12.1.0 " +"`_ release." +msgstr "" +":mod:`unicodedata` 模块现在已升级为使用 `Unicode 12.1.0 " +"`_ 发布版。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"New function :func:`~unicodedata.is_normalized` can be used to verify a " +"string is in a specific normal form, often much faster than by actually " +"normalizing the string. (Contributed by Max Belanger, David Euresti, and " +"Greg Price in :issue:`32285` and :issue:`37966`)." +msgstr "" +"新的函数 :func:`~unicodedata.is_normalized` " +"可被用来验证字符串是否为特定正规形式，通常会比实际进行字符串正规化要快得多。 （由 Max Belanger, David Euresti 和 Greg" +" Price 在 :issue:`32285` 和 :issue:`37966` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1363 +msgid "unittest" +msgstr "unittest" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1365 +msgid "" +"Added :class:`~unittest.mock.AsyncMock` to support an asynchronous version " +"of :class:`~unittest.mock.Mock`. Appropriate new assert functions for " +"testing have been added as well. (Contributed by Lisa Roach in " +":issue:`26467`)." +msgstr "" +"添加了 :class:`~unittest.mock.AsyncMock` 以支持异步版本的 :class:`~unittest.mock.Mock`。" +" 同时也添加了相应的断言函数用于测试。 （由 Lisa Roach 在 :issue:`26467` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1370 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup` to unittest to support cleanups " +"for :func:`~unittest.setUpModule` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass`." +" (Contributed by Lisa Roach in :issue:`24412`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 unittest 添加 了 :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup` 和 " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup` 以支持对 " +":func:`~unittest.setUpModule` 和 :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass` 进行清理。 " +"（由 Lisa Roach 在 :issue:`24412` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"Several mock assert functions now also print a list of actual calls upon " +"failure. (Contributed by Petter Strandmark in :issue:`35047`.)" +msgstr "" +"一些模拟断言函数现在也会在失败时打印一个实际调用列表。 （由 Petter Strandmark 在 :issue:`35047` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1379 +msgid "" +":mod:`unittest` module gained support for coroutines to be used as test " +"cases with :class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`. (Contributed by Andrew" +" Svetlov in :issue:`32972`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`unittest` 模块已支持通过 :class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` " +"来使用协程作为测试用例。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 :issue:`32972` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1383 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1385 +msgid "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class TestRequest(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncSetUp(self):\n" +" self.connection = await AsyncConnection()\n" +"\n" +" async def test_get(self):\n" +" response = await self.connection.get(\"https://example.com\")\n" +" self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncTearDown(self):\n" +" await self.connection.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" unittest.main()" +msgstr "" +"import unittest\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"class TestRequest(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncSetUp(self):\n" +" self.connection = await AsyncConnection()\n" +"\n" +" async def test_get(self):\n" +" response = await self.connection.get(\"https://example.com\")\n" +" self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n" +"\n" +" async def asyncTearDown(self):\n" +" await self.connection.close()\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n" +" unittest.main()" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1406 +msgid "venv" +msgstr "venv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1408 +msgid "" +":mod:`venv` now includes an ``Activate.ps1`` script on all platforms for " +"activating virtual environments under PowerShell Core 6.1. (Contributed by " +"Brett Cannon in :issue:`32718`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`venv` 在所有平台上都会包含 ``Activate.ps1`` 脚本用于在 PowerShell Core 6.1 " +"下激活虚拟环境。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`32718` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1414 +msgid "weakref" +msgstr "weakref" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1416 +msgid "" +"The proxy objects returned by :func:`weakref.proxy` now support the matrix " +"multiplication operators ``@`` and ``@=`` in addition to the other numeric " +"operators. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`36669`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :func:`weakref.proxy` 返回的代理对象现在除其他算术运算符外也支持矩阵乘法运算符 ``@`` 和 ``@=``。 （由 Mark" +" Dickinson 在 :issue:`36669` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1422 +msgid "xml" +msgstr "xml" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1424 +msgid "" +"As mitigation against DTD and external entity retrieval, the " +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` and :mod:`xml.sax` modules no longer process external" +" entities by default. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`17239`.)" +msgstr "" +"作为对 DTD 和外部实体检索的缓解，在默认情况下 :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 和 :mod:`xml.sax` " +"模块不再处理外部实体。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`17239` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1429 +msgid "" +"The ``.find*()`` methods in the :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module support " +"wildcard searches like ``{*}tag`` which ignores the namespace and " +"``{namespace}*`` which returns all tags in the given namespace. (Contributed" +" by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`28238`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` 模块中的 ``.find*()`` 方法支持通配符搜索例如 " +"``{*}tag``，此搜索会忽略命名空间以及返回给定命名空间中所有标签的 ``{namespace}*``。 （由 Stefan Behnel 在 " +":issue:`28238` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1434 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module provides a new function " +":func:`–xml.etree.ElementTree.canonicalize` that implements C14N 2.0. " +"(Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`13611`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` 模块提供了一个实现 C14N 2.0 的新函数 " +":func:`–xml.etree.ElementTree.canonicalize`。 （由 Stefan Behnel 在 " +":issue:`13611` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1438 +msgid "" +"The target object of :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` can receive " +"namespace declaration events through the new callback methods ``start_ns()``" +" and ``end_ns()``. Additionally, the " +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder` target can be configured to " +"process events about comments and processing instructions to include them in" +" the generated tree. (Contributed by Stefan Behnel in :issue:`36676` and " +":issue:`36673`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` 的目标对象可通过新的回调方法 ``start_ns()`` 和 " +"``end_ns()`` 来接受命名空间声明事件。 此外，:class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder` " +"目标可被配置为处理有关注释和处理指令事件以将它们包含在所生成的树当中。 （由 Stefan Behnel 在 :issue:`36676` 和 " +":issue:`36673` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1448 +msgid "xmlrpc" +msgstr "xmlrpc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1450 +msgid "" +":class:`xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy` now supports an optional *headers* " +"keyword argument for a sequence of HTTP headers to be sent with each " +"request. Among other things, this makes it possible to upgrade from default" +" basic authentication to faster session authentication. (Contributed by " +"Cédric Krier in :issue:`35153`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy` 现在支持可选的 *headers* 关键字参数作为随同每次请求发送的 HTTP " +"标头序列。 此特征的作用之一是使得从默认的基础认证升级到更快速的会话认证成为可能。 （由 Cédric Krier 在 :issue:`35153` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1458 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1460 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`subprocess` module can now use the :func:`os.posix_spawn` function" +" in some cases for better performance. Currently, it is only used on macOS " +"and Linux (using glibc 2.24 or newer) if all these conditions are met:" +msgstr "" +":mod:`subprocess` 模块现在能在某些情况下使用 :func:`os.posix_spawn` 函数以获得更好的性能。 目前，它的使用仅限" +" macOS 和 Linux（使用 glibc 2.24 或更新版本），并要求满足以下条件：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1464 +msgid "*close_fds* is false;" +msgstr "*close_fds* 为假值；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1465 +msgid "" +"*preexec_fn*, *pass_fds*, *cwd* and *start_new_session* parameters are not " +"set;" +msgstr "*preexec_fn*, *pass_fds*, *cwd* 和 *start_new_session* 形参未设置；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1467 +msgid "the *executable* path contains a directory." +msgstr "*executable* 路径包含一个目录。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1469 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye and Victor Stinner in :issue:`35537`.)" +msgstr "（由 Joannah Nanjekye 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`35537` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1471 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.copyfile`, :func:`shutil.copy`, :func:`shutil.copy2`, " +":func:`shutil.copytree` and :func:`shutil.move` use platform-specific " +"\"fast-copy\" syscalls on Linux and macOS in order to copy the file more " +"efficiently. \"fast-copy\" means that the copying operation occurs within " +"the kernel, avoiding the use of userspace buffers in Python as in " +"\"``outfd.write(infd.read())``\". On Windows :func:`shutil.copyfile` uses a " +"bigger default buffer size (1 MiB instead of 16 KiB) and a " +":func:`memoryview`-based variant of :func:`shutil.copyfileobj` is used. The " +"speedup for copying a 512 MiB file within the same partition is about +26% " +"on Linux, +50% on macOS and +40% on Windows. Also, much less CPU cycles are " +"consumed. See :ref:`shutil-platform-dependent-efficient-copy-operations` " +"section. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`33671`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.copyfile`, :func:`shutil.copy`, :func:`shutil.copy2`, " +":func:`shutil.copytree` 和 :func:`shutil.move` 在 Linux 和 macOS 上会使用平台专属的 " +"\"fast-copy\" 系统调用以提高效率。 \"fast-copy\" 意味着拷贝操作发生于内核中，从而避免在进行 " +"\"``outfd.write(infd.read())``\" 等操作时使用 Python 中的用户空间缓冲区。 在 Windows 上 " +":func:`shutil.copyfile` 会使用更大的默认缓冲区（1 MiB 而不是 16 KiB）并且使用基于 " +":func:`memoryview` 的 :func:`shutil.copyfileobj` 版本。 在同一分区内拷贝一个 512 MiB " +"文件的速度提升在 Linux 上约为 +26%，在 macOS 上为 +50%，在 Windows 上为 +40%。 此外还将消耗更少的 CPU 周期。" +" 参见 :ref:`shutil-platform-dependent-efficient-copy-operations` 一节。 （由 " +"Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`33671` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1487 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.copytree` uses :func:`os.scandir` function and all copy " +"functions depending from it use cached :func:`os.stat` values. The speedup " +"for copying a directory with 8000 files is around +9% on Linux, +20% on " +"Windows and +30% on a Windows SMB share. Also the number of :func:`os.stat` " +"syscalls is reduced by 38% making :func:`shutil.copytree` especially faster " +"on network filesystems. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`33695`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.copytree` 会根据其所用缓存的 :func:`os.stat` 值使用 :func:`os.scandir` " +"函数及所有拷贝函数。 拷贝一个包含 8000 文件的目录的速度提升在 Linux 上约为 +9%，在 Windows 上为 +20%，对于 " +"Windows SMB 共享目录则为 +30%。 此外 :func:`os.stat` 系统调用的次数也减少了 38%，使得 " +":func:`shutil.copytree` 在网络文件系统上会特别快速。 （由Giampaolo Rodolà 在 :issue:`33695` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1494 +msgid "" +"The default protocol in the :mod:`pickle` module is now Protocol 4, first " +"introduced in Python 3.4. It offers better performance and smaller size " +"compared to Protocol 3 available since Python 3.0." +msgstr "" +":mod:`pickle` 模块使用的默认协议现在为 Protocol 4，最早在 Python 3.4 中被引入。 它提供了比自 Python 3.0" +" 起可用的 Protocol 3 更好的性能和更小的数据尺寸。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1498 +msgid "" +"Removed one :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` member from ``PyGC_Head``. All GC tracked " +"objects (e.g. tuple, list, dict) size is reduced 4 or 8 bytes. (Contributed " +"by Inada Naoki in :issue:`33597`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 ``PyGC_Head`` 移除了一个 :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` 成员。 所有跟踪 GC 的对象（例如 tuple, list, " +"dict）大小减少了 4 或 8 字节。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`33597` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1502 +msgid "" +":class:`uuid.UUID` now uses ``__slots__`` to reduce its memory footprint. " +"(Contributed by Wouter Bolsterlee and Tal Einat in :issue:`30977`)" +msgstr "" +":class:`uuid.UUID` 现在会使用 ``__slots__`` 以减少内存足迹。 （由 Wouter Bolsterlee 和 Tal " +"Einat 在 :issue:`30977` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1505 +msgid "" +"Improved performance of :func:`operator.itemgetter` by 33%. Optimized " +"argument handling and added a fast path for the common case of a single non-" +"negative integer index into a tuple (which is the typical use case in the " +"standard library). (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`35664`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`operator.itemgetter` 的性能提升了 33%。 " +"优化了参数处理，并为常见的在元组中单个非负整数索引的情况新增了一条快速路径（这是标准库中的典型用例）。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`35664` 中贡献。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1511 +msgid "" +"Sped-up field lookups in :func:`collections.namedtuple`. They are now more " +"than two times faster, making them the fastest form of instance variable " +"lookup in Python. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger, Pablo Galindo, and Joe " +"Jevnik, Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32492`.)" +msgstr "" +"加快了在 :func:`collections.namedtuple` 中的字段查找。 它们现在的速度快了两倍以上，成为 Python " +"中最快的实例变量查找形式。 （由 Raymond Hettinger, Pablo Galindo 和 Joe Jevnik, Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`32492` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1516 +msgid "" +"The :class:`list` constructor does not overallocate the internal item buffer" +" if the input iterable has a known length (the input implements " +"``__len__``). This makes the created list 12% smaller on average. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Pablo Galindo in :issue:`33234`.)" +msgstr "" +"如果输入的可迭代对象的长度已知 (即输入对象实现了 ``__len__``)，:class:`list` 构造器不会过度分配内部项缓冲区。 " +"这使得所创建的列表资源占用平均减少了 12%。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 和 Pablo Galindo 在 " +":issue:`33234` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1521 +msgid "" +"Doubled the speed of class variable writes. When a non-dunder attribute was" +" updated, there was an unnecessary call to update slots. (Contributed by " +"Stefan Behnel, Pablo Galindo Salgado, Raymond Hettinger, Neil Schemenauer, " +"and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`36012`.)" +msgstr "" +"类变量写入速度加倍。 当一个非冗余属性被更新时，之前存在一个更新 slots 的非必要调用。 （由 Stefan Behnel, Pablo " +"Galindo Salgado, Raymond Hettinger, Neil Schemenauer, 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`36012` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1526 +msgid "" +"Reduced an overhead of converting arguments passed to many builtin functions" +" and methods. This sped up calling some simple builtin functions and " +"methods up to 20--50%. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23867`, " +":issue:`35582` and :issue:`36127`.)" +msgstr "" +"减少了传递给许多内置函数和方法的参数转换的开销。 这使得某些简单内置函数和方法的速度提升了 20--50%。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在" +" :issue:`23867`, :issue:`35582` 和 :issue:`36127` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1531 +msgid "" +"``LOAD_GLOBAL`` instruction now uses new \"per opcode cache\" mechanism. It " +"is about 40% faster now. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov and Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`26219`.)" +msgstr "" +"``LOAD_GLOBAL`` 指令现在会使用新的 \"per opcode cache\" 机制。 它的速度现在提升了大约 40%。 （由 Yury " +"Selivanov 和 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`26219` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1537 +msgid "Build and C API Changes" +msgstr "构建和 C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1539 +msgid "" +"Default :data:`sys.abiflags` became an empty string: the ``m`` flag for " +"pymalloc became useless (builds with and without pymalloc are ABI " +"compatible) and so has been removed. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`36707`.)" +msgstr "" +"默认的 :data:`sys.abiflags` 成为一个空字符串：pymalloc 的 ``m`` 旗标不再有意义（无论是否启用 pymalloc " +"构建都是兼容 ABI 的）因此已被移除。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`36707` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1543 +msgid "Example of changes:" +msgstr "改变的例子：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1545 +msgid "" +"Only ``python3.8`` program is installed, ``python3.8m`` program is gone." +msgstr "只会安装 ``python3.8`` 程序，不再有 ``python3.8m`` 程序。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1546 +msgid "" +"Only ``python3.8-config`` script is installed, ``python3.8m-config`` script " +"is gone." +msgstr "只会安装 ``python3.8-config`` 脚本，不再有 ``python3.8m-config`` 脚本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1548 +msgid "" +"The ``m`` flag has been removed from the suffix of dynamic library " +"filenames: extension modules in the standard library as well as those " +"produced and installed by third-party packages, like those downloaded from " +"PyPI. On Linux, for example, the Python 3.7 suffix " +"``.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so`` became ``.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-" +"gnu.so`` in Python 3.8." +msgstr "" +"``m`` 旗标已经从动态库文件名后缀中移除：包括标准库中的扩展模块以及第三方包所产生和安装的模块例如从 PyPI 下载的模块。 以 Linux " +"为例，Python 3.7 的后缀 ``.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so`` 在 Python 3.8 中改为 " +"``.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1555 +msgid "" +"The header files have been reorganized to better separate the different " +"kinds of APIs:" +msgstr "重新组织了所有头文件以更好地区分不同种类的 API：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1558 +msgid "``Include/*.h`` should be the portable public stable C API." +msgstr "``Include/*.h`` 应为可移植的公有稳定版 C API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1559 +msgid "" +"``Include/cpython/*.h`` should be the unstable C API specific to CPython; " +"public API, with some private API prefixed by ``_Py`` or ``_PY``." +msgstr "" +"``Include/cpython/*.h`` 应为 CPython 专属的不稳定版 C API；公有 API，部分私有 API 附加 ``_Py`` " +"or ``_PY`` 前缀。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1561 +msgid "" +"``Include/internal/*.h`` is the private internal C API very specific to " +"CPython. This API comes with no backward compatibility warranty and should " +"not be used outside CPython. It is only exposed for very specific needs like" +" debuggers and profiles which has to access to CPython internals without " +"calling functions. This API is now installed by ``make install``." +msgstr "" +"``Include/internal/*.h`` 应为 CPython 特别专属的私有内部 C API。 此 API 不具备向下兼容保证并且不应在 " +"CPython 以外被使用。 它们的公开仅适用于特别限定的需求例如调试器和性能分析等必须直接访问 CPython 内部数据而不通过调用函数的应用。 此 " +"API 现在是通过 ``make install`` 安装的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1567 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`35134` and :issue:`35081`, work " +"initiated by Eric Snow in Python 3.7.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`35134` 和 :issue:`35081` 中贡献，相关工作由 Eric Snow 在 " +"Python 3.7 中发起。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1570 +msgid "" +"Some macros have been converted to static inline functions: parameter types " +"and return type are well defined, they don't have issues specific to macros," +" variables have a local scopes. Examples:" +msgstr "某些宏已被转换为静态内联函数：形参类型和返回类型定义良好，它们不再会有与宏相关的问题，变量具有局部作用域。 例如：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1574 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_INCREF`, :c:func:`Py_DECREF`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_INCREF`, :c:func:`Py_DECREF`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1575 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_XINCREF`, :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_XINCREF`, :c:func:`Py_XDECREF`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1576 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_INIT`, :c:func:`PyObject_INIT_VAR`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_INIT`, :c:func:`PyObject_INIT_VAR`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1577 +msgid "" +"Private functions: :c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_TRACK`, " +":c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK`, :c:func:`!_Py_Dealloc`" +msgstr "" +"私有函数: :c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_TRACK`, :c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK`, " +":c:func:`!_Py_Dealloc`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1580 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`35059`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`35059` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1582 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyByteArray_Init` and :c:func:`!PyByteArray_Fini` functions " +"have been removed. They did nothing since Python 2.7.4 and Python 3.2.0, " +"were excluded from the limited API (stable ABI), and were not documented. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`35713`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyByteArray_Init` 和 :c:func:`!PyByteArray_Fini` 函数已被移除。 它们自 Python" +" 2.7.4 和 Python 3.2.0 起就没有任何用处，被排除在受限 API (稳定 ABI) 之外，并且未被写入文档。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`35713` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1587 +msgid "" +"The result of :c:func:`PyExceptionClass_Name` is now of type ``const char " +"*`` rather of ``char *``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`33818`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyExceptionClass_Name` 的结果类型现在是 ``const char *`` 而非 ``char *``。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`33818` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1591 +msgid "" +"The duality of ``Modules/Setup.dist`` and ``Modules/Setup`` has been " +"removed. Previously, when updating the CPython source tree, one had to " +"manually copy ``Modules/Setup.dist`` (inside the source tree) to " +"``Modules/Setup`` (inside the build tree) in order to reflect any changes " +"upstream. This was of a small benefit to packagers at the expense of a " +"frequent annoyance to developers following CPython development, as " +"forgetting to copy the file could produce build failures." +msgstr "" +"``Modules/Setup.dist`` 与 ``Modules/Setup`` 两者的共存已被移除。 之前在更新 CPython " +"源码树时，开发者必须手动拷贝 ``Modules/Setup.dist`` (在源码树内) 到 ``Modules/Setup`` (在构建树内) " +"以反映上游的任何改变。 旧特性对打包者来说有一点益处，但代价是对追踪 CPython " +"开发进程的开发者造成经常性的麻烦，因为忘记拷贝该文件可能导致构建失败。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1599 +msgid "" +"Now the build system always reads from ``Modules/Setup`` inside the source " +"tree. People who want to customize that file are encouraged to maintain " +"their changes in a git fork of CPython or as patch files, as they would do " +"for any other change to the source tree." +msgstr "" +"现在构建系统总是会从源码树内的 ``Modules/Setup`` 读取数据。 建议希望定制该文件的开发者在 CPython 的一个 git " +"分叉或补丁文件中维护他们的更改，就如他们对源码树做任何其他改变时一样。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1604 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`32430`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`32430` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1606 +msgid "" +"Functions that convert Python number to C integer like " +":c:func:`PyLong_AsLong` and argument parsing functions like " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` with integer converting format units like ``'i'``" +" will now use the :meth:`~object.__index__` special method instead of " +":meth:`~object.__int__`, if available. The deprecation warning will be " +"emitted for objects with the ``__int__()`` method but without the " +"``__index__()`` method (like :class:`~decimal.Decimal` and " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction`). :c:func:`PyNumber_Check` will now return " +"``1`` for objects implementing ``__index__()``. :c:func:`PyNumber_Long`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_Float` and :c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` also now use the " +"``__index__()`` method if available. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`36048` and :issue:`20092`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 Python 数字转换为 C 整型的函数例如 :c:func:`PyLong_AsLong` 以及带有 ``'i'`` " +"之类整型转换格式单元的参数解析函数例如 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 现在如果可能将会使用 " +":meth:`~object.__index__` 特殊方法而不是 :meth:`~object.__int__`。 对于带有 " +"``__int__()`` 方法但没有 ``__index__()`` 方法的对象 (例如 :class:`~decimal.Decimal` 和 " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction`) 将会发出弃用警告。 对于实现了 ``__index__()`` 的对象 " +":c:func:`PyNumber_Check` 现在将返回 ``1``。 :c:func:`PyNumber_Long`, " +":c:func:`PyNumber_Float` 和 :c:func:`PyFloat_AsDouble` 现在如果可能也将会使用 " +"``__index__()`` 方法。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`36048` 和 :issue:`20092` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1620 +msgid "" +"Heap-allocated type objects will now increase their reference count in " +":c:func:`PyObject_Init` (and its parallel macro ``PyObject_INIT``) instead " +"of in :c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc`. Types that modify instance allocation " +"or deallocation may need to be adjusted. (Contributed by Eddie Elizondo in " +":issue:`35810`.)" +msgstr "" +"堆分配类型对象现在将增加它们在 :c:func:`PyObject_Init` (及其对应的宏 ``PyObject_INIT``) " +"中的引用计数而不是在 :c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc` 中。 修改实例分配或中止分配的类型可能需要进行调整。 （由 " +"Elizondo 在 :issue:`35810` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1626 +msgid "" +"The new function :c:func:`!PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs` allows to create code " +"objects like :c:func:`!PyCode_New`, but with an extra *posonlyargcount* " +"parameter for indicating the number of positional-only arguments. " +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`37221`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增函数 :c:func:`!PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs` 允许创建代码对象如 " +":c:func:`!PyCode_New`，但带有一个额外的 *posonlyargcount* 形参以指明仅限位置参数的数量。 （由 Pablo " +"Galindo 在 :issue:`37221` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1631 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetPath` now sets :data:`sys.executable` to the program full " +"path (:c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`) rather than to the program name " +"(:c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`38234`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!Py_SetPath` 现在会将 :data:`sys.executable` 设置为程序完整路径 " +"(:c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`) 而不是程序名称 (:c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`)。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`38234` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1638 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1640 +msgid "" +"The distutils ``bdist_wininst`` command is now deprecated, use " +"``bdist_wheel`` (wheel packages) instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`37481`.)" +msgstr "" +"distutils 的 ``bdist_wininst`` 命令现在已弃用，请改用 ``bdist_wheel`` (wheel 包)。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37481` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1644 +msgid "" +"Deprecated methods ``getchildren()`` and ``getiterator()`` in the " +":mod:`~xml.etree.ElementTree` module now emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` " +"instead of :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`. They will be removed in Python " +"3.9. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`29209`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`~xml.etree.ElementTree` 模块中的已弃用方法 ``getchildren()`` 和 " +"``getiterator()`` 现在会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 而不是 " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`。 它们将在 Python 3.9 中被移除。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka " +"在 :issue:`29209` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1650 +msgid "" +"Passing an object that is not an instance of " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` to " +":meth:`loop.set_default_executor() ` is " +"deprecated and will be prohibited in Python 3.9. (Contributed by Elvis " +"Pranskevichus in :issue:`34075`.)" +msgstr "" +"将不是 :class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 的实例的对象传给 " +":meth:`loop.set_default_executor() ` " +"已被弃用，并将在 Python 3.9 中被禁止。 （由 Elvis Pranskevichus 在 :issue:`34075` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1656 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~object.__getitem__` methods of " +":class:`xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream`, :class:`wsgiref.util.FileWrapper` " +"and :class:`fileinput.FileInput` have been deprecated." +msgstr "" +":class:`xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream`, :class:`wsgiref.util.FileWrapper` 和" +" :class:`fileinput.FileInput` 的 :meth:`~object.__getitem__` 方法已被弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1660 +msgid "" +"Implementations of these methods have been ignoring their *index* parameter," +" and returning the next item instead. (Contributed by Berker Peksag in " +":issue:`9372`.)" +msgstr "" +"这些方法的实现会忽略它们的 *index* 形参，并改为返回下一条目。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`9372` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1664 +msgid "" +"The :class:`typing.NamedTuple` class has deprecated the ``_field_types`` " +"attribute in favor of the ``__annotations__`` attribute which has the same " +"information. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`36320`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`typing.NamedTuple` 类已弃用了 ``_field_types`` 属性而改用具有同样信息的 " +"``__annotations__`` 属性。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`36320` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1668 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast` classes ``Num``, ``Str``, ``Bytes``, ``NameConstant`` and " +"``Ellipsis`` are considered deprecated and will be removed in future Python " +"versions. :class:`~ast.Constant` should be used instead. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32892`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast` 类 ``Num``, ``Str``, ``Bytes``, ``NameConstant`` 和 ``Ellipsis`` " +"被视为已弃用并将在未来的 Python 版本中被移除。 应当改用 :class:`~ast.Constant`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka" +" 在 :issue:`32892` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1673 +msgid "" +":class:`ast.NodeVisitor` methods ``visit_Num()``, ``visit_Str()``, " +"``visit_Bytes()``, ``visit_NameConstant()`` and ``visit_Ellipsis()`` are " +"deprecated now and will not be called in future Python versions. Add the " +":meth:`~ast.NodeVisitor.visit_Constant` method to handle all constant nodes." +" (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`36917`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`ast.NodeVisitor` 的方法 ``visit_Num()``, ``visit_Str()``, " +"``visit_Bytes()``, ``visit_NameConstant()`` 和 ``visit_Ellipsis()`` " +"现在已被弃用，并且在未来的 Python 版本中将不再被调用。 添加 :meth:`~ast.NodeVisitor.visit_Constant` " +"方法来处理所有常量节点。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`36917` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1680 +msgid "" +"The :func:`asyncio.coroutine` :term:`decorator` is deprecated and will be " +"removed in version 3.10. Instead of ``@asyncio.coroutine``, use " +":keyword:`async def` instead. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in " +":issue:`36921`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`asyncio.coroutine` :term:`decorator` 已弃用并将在 3.10 版中被移除。 原有的 " +"``@asyncio.coroutine`` 请改用 :keyword:`async def` 来替代。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 " +":issue:`36921` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1685 +msgid "" +"In :mod:`asyncio`, the explicit passing of a *loop* argument has been " +"deprecated and will be removed in version 3.10 for the following: " +":func:`asyncio.sleep`, :func:`asyncio.gather`, :func:`asyncio.shield`, " +":func:`asyncio.wait_for`, :func:`asyncio.wait`, " +":func:`asyncio.as_completed`, :class:`asyncio.Task`, :class:`asyncio.Lock`, " +":class:`asyncio.Event`, :class:`asyncio.Condition`, " +":class:`asyncio.Semaphore`, :class:`asyncio.BoundedSemaphore`, " +":class:`asyncio.Queue`, :func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec`, and " +":func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_shell`." +msgstr "" +"在 :mod:`asyncio` 中，*loop* 参数的显式传递已被弃用并且到 3.10 版时将会在以下函数中被移除: " +":func:`asyncio.sleep`, :func:`asyncio.gather`, :func:`asyncio.shield`, " +":func:`asyncio.wait_for`, :func:`asyncio.wait`, " +":func:`asyncio.as_completed`, :class:`asyncio.Task`, :class:`asyncio.Lock`, " +":class:`asyncio.Event`, :class:`asyncio.Condition`, " +":class:`asyncio.Semaphore`, :class:`asyncio.BoundedSemaphore`, " +":class:`asyncio.Queue`, :func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` 以及 " +":func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_shell`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1695 +msgid "" +"The explicit passing of coroutine objects to :func:`asyncio.wait` has been " +"deprecated and will be removed in version 3.11. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov in :issue:`34790`.)" +msgstr "" +"将协程对象显式传递给 :func:`asyncio.wait` 的做法已被弃用并且将在 3.11 版中被移除。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 " +":issue:`34790` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1699 +msgid "" +"The following functions and methods are deprecated in the :mod:`gettext` " +"module: :func:`~gettext.lgettext`, :func:`~gettext.ldgettext`, " +":func:`~gettext.lngettext` and :func:`~gettext.ldngettext`. They return " +"encoded bytes, and it's possible that you will get unexpected Unicode-" +"related exceptions if there are encoding problems with the translated " +"strings. It's much better to use alternatives which return Unicode strings " +"in Python 3. These functions have been broken for a long time." +msgstr "" +":mod:`gettext` 模块中的下列函数和方法已被弃用: :func:`~gettext.lgettext`, " +":func:`~gettext.ldgettext`, :func:`~gettext.lngettext` 和 " +":func:`~gettext.ldngettext`。 它们返回已编码的字节串，如果转换后的字符串存在编码问题你将可能遭遇预期之外的异常。 " +"更好的做法是使用 Python 3 中返回 Unicode 字符串的操作作为替代。 前面的函数都早已不宜使用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1707 +msgid "" +"Function :func:`~gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset`, methods " +":meth:`~gettext.NullTranslations.output_charset` and " +":meth:`~gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset`, and the *codeset* " +"parameter of functions :func:`~gettext.translation` and " +":func:`~gettext.install` are also deprecated, since they are only used for " +"the ``l*gettext()`` functions. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`33710`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`~gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset`，方法 " +":meth:`~gettext.NullTranslations.output_charset` 和 " +":meth:`~gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset`，以及函数 " +":func:`~gettext.translation` 和 :func:`~gettext.install` 的 *codeset* " +"形参也已被弃用，因为它们仅适用于 ``l*gettext()`` 函数。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`33710` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1715 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~threading.Thread.isAlive` method of :class:`threading.Thread` " +"has been deprecated. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`35283`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`threading.Thread` 的 :meth:`~threading.Thread.isAlive` 方法已被弃用。 （由 " +"Donghee Na 在 :issue:`35283` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1719 +msgid "" +"Many builtin and extension functions that take integer arguments will now " +"emit a deprecation warning for :class:`~decimal.Decimal`\\ s, " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction`\\ s and any other objects that can be converted" +" to integers only with a loss (e.g. that have the :meth:`~object.__int__` " +"method but do not have the :meth:`~object.__index__` method). In future " +"version they will be errors. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`36048`.)" +msgstr "" +"许多接受整数参数的内置和扩展模块的函数现在将对传入 :class:`~decimal.Decimal`, " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction` 以及任何其他可被转换为整数但会丢失精度（即具有 :meth:`~object.__int__`" +" 方法但没有 :meth:`~object.__index__` 方法）的对象发出弃用警告。 在未来的版本中则将报错。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`36048` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1727 +msgid "Deprecated passing the following arguments as keyword arguments:" +msgstr "以下参数作为关键字参数传递的方式已被弃用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1729 +msgid "" +"*func* in :func:`functools.partialmethod`, :func:`weakref.finalize`, " +":meth:`profile.Profile.runcall`, :meth:`cProfile.Profile.runcall`, " +":meth:`bdb.Bdb.runcall`, :meth:`trace.Trace.runfunc` and " +":func:`curses.wrapper`." +msgstr "" +":func:`functools.partialmethod`, :func:`weakref.finalize`, " +":meth:`profile.Profile.runcall`, :meth:`cProfile.Profile.runcall`, " +":meth:`bdb.Bdb.runcall`, :meth:`trace.Trace.runfunc` 与 " +":func:`curses.wrapper` 中的 *func*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1733 +msgid "*function* in :meth:`unittest.TestCase.addCleanup`." +msgstr ":meth:`unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` 中的 *function*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1734 +msgid "" +"*fn* in the :meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.submit` method of " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` and " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "" +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 和 " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` 的 " +":meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor.submit` 方法中的 *fn*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1737 +msgid "" +"*callback* in :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.callback`, " +":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.callback` and " +":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.push_async_callback`." +msgstr "" +":meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.callback`, " +":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.callback` 和 " +":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.push_async_callback` 中的 *callback*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1740 +msgid "" +"*c* and *typeid* in the :meth:`~multiprocessing.managers.Server.create` " +"method of :class:`multiprocessing.managers.Server` and " +":class:`multiprocessing.managers.SharedMemoryServer`." +msgstr "" +":class:`multiprocessing.managers.Server` 和 " +":class:`multiprocessing.managers.SharedMemoryServer` 的 " +":meth:`~multiprocessing.managers.Server.create` 方法中的 *c* 和 *typeid*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1743 +msgid "*obj* in :func:`weakref.finalize`." +msgstr ":func:`weakref.finalize` 中的 *obj*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1745 +msgid "" +"In future releases of Python, they will be :ref:`positional-only " +"`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`36492`.)" +msgstr "" +"在未来版本的 Python 中，它们将成为 :ref:`仅限位置参数 `。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`36492` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1751 +msgid "API and Feature Removals" +msgstr "API 与特性的移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1753 +msgid "The following features and APIs have been removed from Python 3.8:" +msgstr "下列特性与 API 已从 Python 3.8 中移除：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1755 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.3, importing ABCs from :mod:`collections` was " +"deprecated, and importing should be done from :mod:`collections.abc`. Being " +"able to import from collections was marked for removal in 3.8, but has been " +"delayed to 3.9. (See :gh:`81134`.)" +msgstr "" +"自 Python 3.3 起，从 :mod:`collections` 导入 ABC 的做法已被弃用，而应当从 " +":mod:`collections.abc` 执行导入。 从 collections 导入的功能在 3.8 中已标记为被移除，但将推迟到 3.9 " +"中实施。 （参见 :gh:`81134`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1760 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`macpath` module, deprecated in Python 3.7, has been removed. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`35471`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`macpath` 模块，在 Python 3.7 中弃用，现已被移除。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`35471`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1763 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1882 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`platform.popen` has been removed, after having been " +"deprecated since Python 3.3: use :func:`os.popen` instead. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`35345`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`platform.popen` 已被移除，它自 Python 3.3 起就已被弃用：请改用 :func:`os.popen`。 （由" +" Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`35345` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1767 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`time.clock` has been removed, after having been " +"deprecated since Python 3.3: use :func:`time.perf_counter` or " +":func:`time.process_time` instead, depending on your requirements, to have " +"well-defined behavior. (Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier in " +":issue:`36895`.)" +msgstr "" +"函数 :func:`time.clock` 已被移除，它自 Python 3.3 起就已被弃用：请根据具体需求改用 " +":func:`time.perf_counter` 或 :func:`time.process_time` 以获得具有良好定义的行为。 （由 " +"Matthias Bussonnier 在 :issue:`36895` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1773 +msgid "" +"The ``pyvenv`` script has been removed in favor of ``python3.8 -m venv`` to " +"help eliminate confusion as to what Python interpreter the ``pyvenv`` script" +" is tied to. (Contributed by Brett Cannon in :issue:`25427`.)" +msgstr "" +"``pyvenv`` 脚本已被移除，推荐改用 ``python3.8 -m venv`` 来帮助消除容易混淆 ``pyvenv`` 脚本所关联的 " +"Python 解释器这一问题。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`25427` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1777 +msgid "" +"``parse_qs``, ``parse_qsl``, and ``escape`` are removed from the :mod:`!cgi`" +" module. They are deprecated in Python 3.2 or older. They should be " +"imported from the ``urllib.parse`` and ``html`` modules instead." +msgstr "" +"``parse_qs``, ``parse_qsl`` 和 ``escape`` 已从 :mod:`!cgi` 模块中移除。 它们在 Python " +"3.2 或更早版本中即已被弃用。 应当改从 ``urllib.parse`` 和 ``html`` 模块导入它们。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1781 +msgid "" +"``filemode`` function is removed from the :mod:`tarfile` module. It is not " +"documented and deprecated since Python 3.3." +msgstr "" +"``filemode`` 函数已从 :mod:`tarfile` 模块中被移除。 该函数未被写入文档，自 Python 3.3 起就已弃用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1784 +msgid "" +"The :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` constructor no longer accepts " +"the *html* argument. It never had an effect and was deprecated in Python " +"3.4. All other parameters are now :ref:`keyword-only `. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`29209`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` 构造器不再接受 *html* 参数。 它从来没有任何作用并在 " +"Python 3.4 中已被弃用。 所有其他形参现在都是 :ref:`仅限关键字参数 `。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`29209` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1789 +msgid "" +"Removed the ``doctype()`` method of " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser`. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka " +"in :issue:`29209`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` 的 ``doctype()`` 方法已被移除。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`29209` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1792 +msgid "" +"\"unicode_internal\" codec is removed. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`36297`.)" +msgstr "\"unicode_internal\" 编解码器已被移除。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`36297` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1795 +msgid "" +"The ``Cache`` and ``Statement`` objects of the :mod:`sqlite3` module are not" +" exposed to the user. (Contributed by Aviv Palivoda in :issue:`30262`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`sqlite3` 模块的 ``Cache`` 和 ``Statement`` 对象已不再公开给用户。 （由 Aviv Palivoda 在 " +":issue:`30262` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1799 +msgid "" +"The ``bufsize`` keyword argument of :func:`fileinput.input` and " +":func:`fileinput.FileInput` which was ignored and deprecated since Python " +"3.6 has been removed. :issue:`36952` (Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`fileinput.input` 和 :func:`fileinput.FileInput` 中自 Python 3.6 " +"起就已被忽略并弃用的 ``bufsize`` 关键字参数已被移除。 由 Matthias Bussonnier 在 :issue:`36952` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1803 +msgid "" +"The functions :func:`sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` and " +":func:`sys.get_coroutine_wrapper` deprecated in Python 3.7 have been " +"removed; :issue:`36933` (Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.7 中弃用的函数 :func:`sys.set_coroutine_wrapper` 和 " +":func:`sys.get_coroutine_wrapper` 已被移除。 （由 Matthias Bussonnier 在 " +":issue:`36933` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1809 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.8" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.8" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1811 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1816 +msgid "Changes in Python behavior" +msgstr "Python 行为的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1818 +msgid "" +"Yield expressions (both ``yield`` and ``yield from`` clauses) are now " +"disallowed in comprehensions and generator expressions (aside from the " +"iterable expression in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause). (Contributed by" +" Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`10544`.)" +msgstr "" +"yield 表达式（包括 ``yield`` 和 ``yield from`` 子句）现在不允许在推导式和生成器表达式中使用（但最左边的 " +":keyword:`!for` 子句中的可迭代对象表达式除外）。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`10544` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1823 +msgid "" +"The compiler now produces a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` when identity checks " +"(``is`` and ``is not``) are used with certain types of literals (e.g. " +"strings, numbers). These can often work by accident in CPython, but are not" +" guaranteed by the language spec. The warning advises users to use equality" +" tests (``==`` and ``!=``) instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`34850`.)" +msgstr "" +"当标识号检测 (``is`` 和 ``is not``) 与特定类型的字面值 (例如字符串和数字) 一同使用时编译器现在会产生 " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning`。 这在 CPython 中通常是可行的，但并不被语言定义所保证。 该警告会建议用户改用相等性检测 " +"(``==`` and ``!=``)。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`34850` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1830 +msgid "" +"The CPython interpreter can swallow exceptions in some circumstances. In " +"Python 3.8 this happens in fewer cases. In particular, exceptions raised " +"when getting the attribute from the type dictionary are no longer ignored. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`35459`.)" +msgstr "" +"CPython 解释器在某些情况下可以忽略异常。 在 Python 3.8 中这种情况会更少发生。 特别地，从类型字典获取属性时引发的异常不会再被忽略。" +" （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`35459` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1835 +msgid "" +"Removed ``__str__`` implementations from builtin types :class:`bool`, " +":class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex` and few classes from the " +"standard library. They now inherit ``__str__()`` from :class:`object`. As " +"result, defining the ``__repr__()`` method in the subclass of these classes " +"will affect their string representation. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in" +" :issue:`36793`.)" +msgstr "" +"从内置类型 :class:`bool`, :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex` " +"和标准库的一些类中移除了 ``__str__`` 实现。 它们现在会从 :class:`object` 继承 ``__str__()``。 " +"作为结果，在这些类的子类中定义 ``__repr__()`` 方法将会影响它们的字符串表示。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`36793` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1842 +msgid "" +"On AIX, :data:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. It " +"is always ``'aix'``, instead of ``'aix3'`` .. ``'aix7'``. Since older " +"Python versions include the version number, so it is recommended to always " +"use ``sys.platform.startswith('aix')``. (Contributed by M. Felt in " +":issue:`36588`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 AIX 上，:data:`sys.platform` 将不再包含主要版本号。 它将总是 ``'aix'``，而不是 ``'aix3'`` .. " +"``'aix7'``。 由于较旧的 Python 版本会包含版本号，因此推荐总是使用 " +"``sys.platform.startswith('aix')``。 （由 M. Felt 在 :issue:`36588` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1848 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` and :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireThread` now " +"terminate the current thread if called while the interpreter is finalizing, " +"making them consistent with :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`, " +":c:func:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`, and :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`. If this " +"behavior is not desired, guard the call by checking " +":c:func:`!_Py_IsFinalizing` or :func:`sys.is_finalizing`. (Contributed by " +"Joannah Nanjekye in :issue:`36475`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` 和 :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireThread` " +"当解释器正在最终化时被调用将会终结当前线程，以使它们与 :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`, " +":c:func:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS` 和 :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` 保持一致。 " +"如果不想要此种行为，请通过检测 :c:func:`!_Py_IsFinalizing` 或 :func:`sys.is_finalizing` " +"来保护该调用。 （由 Joannah Nanjekye 在 :issue:`36475` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1858 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2321 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1860 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.getcwdb` function now uses the UTF-8 encoding on Windows, " +"rather than the ANSI code page: see :pep:`529` for the rationale. The " +"function is no longer deprecated on Windows. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :issue:`37412`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上 :func:`os.getcwdb` 函数现在会使用 UTF-8 编码格式而不是 ANSI 代码页：请参看 :pep:`529`" +" 了解具体原因。 该函数在 Windows 上不再被弃用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37412` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1865 +msgid "" +":class:`subprocess.Popen` can now use :func:`os.posix_spawn` in some cases " +"for better performance. On Windows Subsystem for Linux and QEMU User " +"Emulation, the :class:`Popen` constructor using :func:`os.posix_spawn` no " +"longer raises an exception on errors like \"missing program\". Instead the " +"child process fails with a non-zero :attr:`~Popen.returncode`. (Contributed " +"by Joannah Nanjekye and Victor Stinner in :issue:`35537`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`subprocess.Popen` 在某些情况下会使用 :func:`os.posix_spawn` 以获得更好的性能。 在适用于" +" Linux 的 Windows 子系统和 QEMU 用户模拟器上，使用 :func:`os.posix_spawn` 的 :class:`Popen`" +" 构造器不会再因为“找不到程序”这样的错误引发异常。 而是让子进程失败并返回一个非零的 :attr:`~Popen.returncode`。 （由 " +"Joannah Nanjekye 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`35537` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1872 +msgid "" +"The *preexec_fn* argument of * :class:`subprocess.Popen` is no longer " +"compatible with subinterpreters. The use of the parameter in a " +"subinterpreter now raises :exc:`RuntimeError`. (Contributed by Eric Snow in " +":issue:`34651`, modified by Christian Heimes in :issue:`37951`.)" +msgstr "" +"* :class:`subprocess.Popen` 的 *preexec_fn* 参数已不再兼容子解释器。 在子解释器中使用该形参现在将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。 （由 Eric Snow 在 :issue:`34651` 中贡献，由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`37951` 中修改。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1878 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`imap.IMAP4.logout` method no longer silently ignores arbitrary " +"exceptions. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36348`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`imap.IMAP4.logout` 方法不会再静默地忽略任意异常。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`36348`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1886 +msgid "" +"The :func:`statistics.mode` function no longer raises an exception when " +"given multimodal data. Instead, it returns the first mode encountered in " +"the input data. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`35892`.)" +msgstr "" +"当传入多模数据时 :func:`statistics.mode` 函数不会再引发异常。 它将改为返回在输入数据中遇到的第一个模式。 （由 Raymond" +" Hettinger 在 :issue:`35892` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1891 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~tkinter.ttk.Treeview.selection` method of the " +":class:`tkinter.ttk.Treeview` class no longer takes arguments. Using it " +"with arguments for changing the selection was deprecated in Python 3.6. Use" +" specialized methods like :meth:`~tkinter.ttk.Treeview.selection_set` for " +"changing the selection. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`31508`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`tkinter.ttk.Treeview` 类的 :meth:`~tkinter.ttk.Treeview.selection` " +"方法不再接受参数。 带参数调用该方法来改变选择在 Python 3.6 中已弃用。 请使用专门方法例如 " +":meth:`~tkinter.ttk.Treeview.selection_set` 来改变选择。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`31508` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1897 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`writexml`, :meth:`toxml` and :meth:`toprettyxml` methods of " +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom`, and the :meth:`write` method of :mod:`xml.etree`, " +"now preserve the attribute order specified by the user. (Contributed by " +"Diego Rojas and Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`34160`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 的 :meth:`writexml`, :meth:`toxml` 和 " +":meth:`toprettyxml` 方法以及 :mod:`xml.etree` 的 :meth:`write` 方法现在会保留用户指定的属性顺序。 " +"（由 Diego Rojas 和 Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`34160` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1902 +msgid "" +"A :mod:`dbm.dumb` database opened with flags ``'r'`` is now read-only. " +":func:`dbm.dumb.open` with flags ``'r'`` and ``'w'`` no longer creates a " +"database if it does not exist. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`32749`.)" +msgstr "" +"附带 ``'r'`` 旗标打开的 :mod:`dbm.dumb` 数据库现在将是只读的。 如果数据库不存在，附带 ``'r'`` 和 ``'w'`` " +"旗标的 :func:`dbm.dumb.open` 不会再创建数据库。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`32749` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1907 +msgid "" +"The ``doctype()`` method defined in a subclass of " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` will no longer be called and will " +"emit a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` instead of a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Define " +"the :meth:`doctype() ` method on " +"a target for handling an XML doctype declaration. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`29209`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` 的子类中定义的 ``doctype()`` " +"方法将不会再被调用，并将导致发出 :exc:`RuntimeWarning` 而不是 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 " +"请在目标上定义 :meth:`doctype() ` 方法来处理 " +"XML doctype 声明。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`29209` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1914 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`RuntimeError` is now raised when the custom metaclass doesn't " +"provide the ``__classcell__`` entry in the namespace passed to " +"``type.__new__``. A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` was emitted in Python 3.6--" +"3.7. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`23722`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当自定义元类未在传给 ``type.__new__`` 的命名空间中提供 ``__classcell__`` 入口时将引发 " +":exc:`RuntimeError`。 在 Python 3.6--3.7 中是则是引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`23722` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1919 +msgid "" +"The :class:`cProfile.Profile` class can now be used as a context manager. " +"(Contributed by Scott Sanderson in :issue:`29235`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`cProfile.Profile` 类现在可被用作上下文管理器。 （由 Scott Sanderson 在 :issue:`29235`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1922 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.copyfile`, :func:`shutil.copy`, :func:`shutil.copy2`, " +":func:`shutil.copytree` and :func:`shutil.move` use platform-specific " +"\"fast-copy\" syscalls (see :ref:`shutil-platform-dependent-efficient-copy-" +"operations` section)." +msgstr "" +":func:`shutil.copyfile`, :func:`shutil.copy`, :func:`shutil.copy2`, " +":func:`shutil.copytree` 和 :func:`shutil.move` 会使用平台专属的 \"fast-copy\" 系统调用（参见" +" :ref:`shutil-platform-dependent-efficient-copy-operations` 一节）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1927 +msgid "" +":func:`shutil.copyfile` default buffer size on Windows was changed from 16 " +"KiB to 1 MiB." +msgstr ":func:`shutil.copyfile` 在 Windows 上的默认缓冲区大小从 16 KiB 改为 1 MiB。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1930 +msgid "" +"The ``PyGC_Head`` struct has changed completely. All code that touched the " +"struct member should be rewritten. (See :issue:`33597`.)" +msgstr "``PyGC_Head`` 结构已被完全改变。 所有接触到该结构的代码都应当被重写。 （参见 :issue:`33597`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1933 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` struct has been moved into the \"internal\"" +" header files (specifically Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h). An opaque " +"``PyInterpreterState`` is still available as part of the public API (and " +"stable ABI). The docs indicate that none of the struct's fields are public," +" so we hope no one has been using them. However, if you do rely on one or " +"more of those private fields and have no alternative then please open a BPO " +"issue. We'll work on helping you adjust (possibly including adding accessor" +" functions to the public API). (See :issue:`35886`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:type:`PyInterpreterState` 结构已被移入 \"internal\" 头文件（特别是 " +"Include/internal/pycore_pystate.h）。 不透明的 ``PyInterpreterState`` 作为仅有 " +"API（以及稳定版 ABI）的一部分仍然可用。 文档指明该结构的任何字段都不是公有的，因此我们希望没人在使用它们。 " +"但是，如果你确实依赖其中某一个或更多个私有字段并且没有其他替代选项，则请开一个 BPO 问题。 我们将尽力帮助你进行调整（可能包括向公有 API " +"添加访问器函数）。 （参见 :issue:`35886`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1943 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`mmap.flush() ` method now returns ``None`` on " +"success and raises an exception on error under all platforms. Previously, " +"its behavior was platform-dependent: a nonzero value was returned on " +"success; zero was returned on error under Windows. A zero value was " +"returned on success; an exception was raised on error under Unix. " +"(Contributed by Berker Peksag in :issue:`2122`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在所有平台下的 :meth:`mmap.flush() ` 方法都会在成功时返回 ``None`` " +"并在错误时引发异常。 之前它的行为取决于具体平台： Windows 下会在成功时返回非零值；在失败时返回零。 Unix " +"下会在成功时返回零；在失败时引发错误。 （由 Berker Peksag 在 :issue:`2122` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1950 +msgid "" +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` and :mod:`xml.sax` modules no longer process external" +" entities by default. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`17239`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom` 和 :mod:`xml.sax` 模块默认将不再处理外部实体。 （由 Christian Heimes 在" +" :issue:`17239` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1954 +msgid "" +"Deleting a key from a read-only :mod:`dbm` database (:mod:`dbm.dumb`, " +":mod:`dbm.gnu` or :mod:`dbm.ndbm`) raises :attr:`error` " +"(:exc:`dbm.dumb.error`, :exc:`dbm.gnu.error` or :exc:`dbm.ndbm.error`) " +"instead of :exc:`KeyError`. (Contributed by Xiang Zhang in :issue:`33106`.)" +msgstr "" +"从只读的 :mod:`dbm` 数据库 (:mod:`dbm.dumb`, :mod:`dbm.gnu` 或 :mod:`dbm.ndbm`) " +"删除键将会引发 :attr:`error` (:exc:`dbm.dumb.error`, :exc:`dbm.gnu.error` 或 " +":exc:`dbm.ndbm.error`) 而不是 :exc:`KeyError`。 （由 Xiang Zhang 在 :issue:`33106` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1959 +msgid "" +"Simplified AST for literals. All constants will be represented as " +":class:`ast.Constant` instances. Instantiating old classes ``Num``, " +"``Str``, ``Bytes``, ``NameConstant`` and ``Ellipsis`` will return an " +"instance of ``Constant``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`32892`.)" +msgstr "" +"简化了字面值的 AST。 所有常量将被表示为 :class:`ast.Constant` 的实例。 实例化旧类 ``Num``, ``Str``, " +"``Bytes``, ``NameConstant`` 和 ``Ellipsis`` 都将返回 ``Constant`` 的实例。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`32892` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1975 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`asyncio.wait_for` now correctly waits for cancellation " +"when using an instance of :class:`asyncio.Task`. Previously, upon reaching " +"*timeout*, it was cancelled and immediately returned. (Contributed by Elvis " +"Pranskevichus in :issue:`32751`.)" +msgstr "" +"当使用 :class:`asyncio.Task` 的实例时，函数 :func:`asyncio.wait_for` 现在会正确地等待撤销。 " +"在此之前当达到 *timeout* 时，它会被撤销并立即返回。 （由 Elvis Pranskevichus 在 :issue:`32751` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1980 +msgid "" +"The function :func:`asyncio.BaseTransport.get_extra_info` now returns a safe" +" to use socket object when 'socket' is passed to the *name* parameter. " +"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`37027`.)" +msgstr "" +"当将 'socket' 作为 *name* 形参传入时，函数 :func:`asyncio.BaseTransport.get_extra_info` " +"现在会返回一个可安全使用的套接字对象。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`37027` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1984 +msgid ":class:`asyncio.BufferedProtocol` has graduated to the stable API." +msgstr ":class:`asyncio.BufferedProtocol` 已经晋级为稳定 API。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:1988 +msgid "" +"DLL dependencies for extension modules and DLLs loaded with :mod:`ctypes` on" +" Windows are now resolved more securely. Only the system paths, the " +"directory containing the DLL or PYD file, and directories added with " +":func:`~os.add_dll_directory` are searched for load-time dependencies. " +"Specifically, :envvar:`PATH` and the current working directory are no longer" +" used, and modifications to these will no longer have any effect on normal " +"DLL resolution. If your application relies on these mechanisms, you should " +"check for :func:`~os.add_dll_directory` and if it exists, use it to add your" +" DLLs directory while loading your library. Note that Windows 7 users will " +"need to ensure that Windows Update KB2533623 has been installed (this is " +"also verified by the installer). (Contributed by Steve Dower in " +":issue:`36085`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上对扩展模块的 DLL 依赖以及通过 :mod:`ctypes` 加载的 DLL 的解析现在将更为安全。 只有系统路径、包含相信 " +"DLL 或 PYD 文件的路径以及通过 :func:`~os.add_dll_directory` 添加的目录才会被作为加载时依赖的搜索位置。 " +"特别地，:envvar:`PATH` 和当前工作目录将不再被使用，对它们的修改将不再对正常的 DLL 解析产生影响。 " +"如果你的应用依赖于这些机制，你应当先检查 :func:`~os.add_dll_directory`，如果它存在就用它在加载你的库时添加你的 DLL " +"目录。 请注意 Windows 7 用户还需要确保 Windows 更新包 KB2533623 已安装（这一点也会由安装器进行验证）。 （由 Steve" +" Dower 在 :issue:`36085` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2001 +msgid "" +"The header files and functions related to pgen have been removed after its " +"replacement by a pure Python implementation. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo " +"in :issue:`36623`.)" +msgstr "" +"关联到 pgen 的头文件和函数在其被纯 Python 实现取代后已被移除。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 :issue:`36623` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2005 +msgid "" +":class:`types.CodeType` has a new parameter in the second position of the " +"constructor (*posonlyargcount*) to support positional-only arguments defined" +" in :pep:`570`. The first argument (*argcount*) now represents the total " +"number of positional arguments (including positional-only arguments). The " +"new ``replace()`` method of :class:`types.CodeType` can be used to make the " +"code future-proof." +msgstr "" +":class:`types.CodeType` 在构造器的第二个位置新增了一个形参 (*posonlyargcount*) 以支持在 " +":pep:`570` 中定义的仅限位置参数。 第一个参数 (*argcount*) 现在表示位置参数的总数量 (包括仅限位置参数)。 " +":class:`types.CodeType` 中新增的 ``replace()`` 方法可用于让代码支持 future 特性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2012 +msgid "" +"The parameter ``digestmod`` for :func:`hmac.new` no longer uses the MD5 " +"digest by default." +msgstr ":func:`hmac.new` 的 ``digestmod`` 形参不再默认使用 MD5 摘要。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2016 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2018 +msgid "" +"The :c:struct:`PyCompilerFlags` structure got a new *cf_feature_version* " +"field. It should be initialized to ``PY_MINOR_VERSION``. The field is " +"ignored by default, and is used if and only if ``PyCF_ONLY_AST`` flag is set" +" in *cf_flags*. (Contributed by Guido van Rossum in :issue:`35766`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:struct:`PyCompilerFlags` 结构体增加了一个新的 *cf_feature_version* 字段。 它应当被初始化为 " +"``PY_MINOR_VERSION``。 该字段默认会被忽略，当且仅当在 *cf_flags* 中设置了 ``PyCF_ONLY_AST`` " +"旗标时才会被使用。 （由 Guido van Rossum 在 :issue:`35766` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2024 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyEval_ReInitThreads` function has been removed from the C " +"API. It should not be called explicitly: use :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` " +"instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36728`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_ReInitThreads` 函数已被 C API 中移除。 它不应被显式地调用：请改用 " +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`36728` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2029 +msgid "" +"On Unix, C extensions are no longer linked to libpython except on Android " +"and Cygwin. When Python is embedded, ``libpython`` must not be loaded with " +"``RTLD_LOCAL``, but ``RTLD_GLOBAL`` instead. Previously, using " +"``RTLD_LOCAL``, it was already not possible to load C extensions which were " +"not linked to ``libpython``, like C extensions of the standard library built" +" by the ``*shared*`` section of ``Modules/Setup``. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`21536`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Unix 上，C 扩展不会再被链接到 libpython，但 Android 和 Cygwin 例外。 当 Python " +"被嵌入时，``libpython`` 不可使用 ``RTLD_LOCAL`` 加载，而要改用 ``RTLD_GLOBAL``。 之前使用 " +"``RTLD_LOCAL`` 已经不可能加载未链接到 ``libpython`` 的 C 扩展了，例如通过 ``Modules/Setup`` 的 " +"``*shared*`` 部分构建的标准库 C 扩展。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`21536` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2037 +msgid "" +"Use of ``#`` variants of formats in parsing or building value (e.g. " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction`, etc.) without ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` defined " +"raises ``DeprecationWarning`` now. It will be removed in 3.10 or 4.0. Read " +":ref:`arg-parsing` for detail. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`36381`.)" +msgstr "" +"在解析或构建值时（例如 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction` 等等）使用形如 ``#`` 的格式而不定义 ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` " +"现在将会引发 ``DeprecationWarning``。 它将在 3.10 或 4.0 中被移除。 请参阅 :ref:`arg-parsing` " +"了解详情。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`36381` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2043 +msgid "" +"Instances of heap-allocated types (such as those created with " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`) hold a reference to their type object. Increasing" +" the reference count of these type objects has been moved from " +":c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc` to the more low-level functions, " +":c:func:`PyObject_Init` and :c:func:`PyObject_INIT`. This makes types " +"created through :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` behave like other classes in " +"managed code." +msgstr "" +"堆分配类型的实例（例如使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 创建的实例）会保存一个对其类型对象的引用。 " +"提升这些类型对象引用计数的操作已从 :c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc` 移至更低层级的函数 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Init` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_INIT`。 这使用通过This makes types " +"created through :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 所创建类型的行为与管理代码中的其他类保持一致。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2051 +msgid ":ref:`Statically allocated types ` are not affected." +msgstr ":ref:`静态分配类型 ` 将不受影响。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2053 +msgid "" +"For the vast majority of cases, there should be no side effect. However, " +"types that manually increase the reference count after allocating an " +"instance (perhaps to work around the bug) may now become immortal. To avoid " +"this, these classes need to call Py_DECREF on the type object during " +"instance deallocation." +msgstr "" +"在大部分情况下，这应该都不会有附带影响。 但是，在分配实例后手动提升引用计数的类型（也许是为了绕过漏洞）现在可能永远不会被销毁。 " +"要避免这种情况，这些类需要在实例撤销分配期间在类型对象上调用 Py_DECREF。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2059 +msgid "" +"To correctly port these types into 3.8, please apply the following changes:" +msgstr "要正确地将这些类型移植到 3.8，请应用以下修改：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2062 +msgid "" +"Remove :c:macro:`Py_INCREF` on the type object after allocating an instance " +"- if any. This may happen after calling :c:macro:`PyObject_New`, " +":c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`, :c:func:`PyObject_GC_New`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`, or any other custom allocator that uses " +":c:func:`PyObject_Init` or :c:func:`PyObject_INIT`." +msgstr "" +"在分配实例之后在类型对象上移除 :c:macro:`Py_INCREF` —— 如果有的话。 这可能发生在调用 " +":c:macro:`PyObject_New`, :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_New`, :c:func:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` 或任何其他使用 " +":c:func:`PyObject_Init` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_INIT` 的自定义分配器之后。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2069 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2088 +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2107 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2071 +msgid "" +"static foo_struct *\n" +"foo_new(PyObject *type) {\n" +" foo_struct *foo = PyObject_GC_New(foo_struct, (PyTypeObject *) type);\n" +" if (foo == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000\n" +" // Workaround for Python issue 35810; no longer necessary in Python 3.8\n" +" PY_INCREF(type)\n" +"#endif\n" +" return foo;\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static foo_struct *\n" +"foo_new(PyObject *type) {\n" +" foo_struct *foo = PyObject_GC_New(foo_struct, (PyTypeObject *) type);\n" +" if (foo == NULL)\n" +" return NULL;\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000\n" +" // Workaround for Python issue 35810; no longer necessary in Python 3.8\n" +" PY_INCREF(type)\n" +"#endif\n" +" return foo;\n" +"}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2085 +msgid "" +"Ensure that all custom ``tp_dealloc`` functions of heap-allocated types " +"decrease the type's reference count." +msgstr "确保所有堆分配类型的自定义 ``tp_dealloc`` 函数会减少类型的引用计数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2090 +msgid "" +"static void\n" +"foo_dealloc(foo_struct *instance) {\n" +" PyObject *type = Py_TYPE(instance);\n" +" PyObject_GC_Del(instance);\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03080000\n" +" // This was not needed before Python 3.8 (Python issue 35810)\n" +" Py_DECREF(type);\n" +"#endif\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"static void\n" +"foo_dealloc(foo_struct *instance) {\n" +" PyObject *type = Py_TYPE(instance);\n" +" PyObject_GC_Del(instance);\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03080000\n" +" // This was not needed before Python 3.8 (Python issue 35810)\n" +" Py_DECREF(type);\n" +"#endif\n" +"}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2102 +msgid "(Contributed by Eddie Elizondo in :issue:`35810`.)" +msgstr "（由 Eddie Elizondo 在 :issue:`35810` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2104 +msgid "" +"The :c:macro:`Py_DEPRECATED()` macro has been implemented for MSVC. The " +"macro now must be placed before the symbol name." +msgstr ":c:macro:`Py_DEPRECATED()` 宏已经针对 MSVC 实现。 这个宏现在必须放在符号名称之前。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2109 +msgid "Py_DEPRECATED(3.8) PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_OldFunction(void);" +msgstr "Py_DEPRECATED(3.8) PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_OldFunction(void);" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2113 +msgid "(Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`33407`.)" +msgstr "（由 Zackery Spytz 在 :issue:`33407` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2115 +msgid "" +"The interpreter does not pretend to support binary compatibility of " +"extension types across feature releases, anymore. A :c:type:`PyTypeObject` " +"exported by a third-party extension module is supposed to have all the slots" +" expected in the current Python version, including " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` (:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE` " +"is not checked anymore before reading " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize`)." +msgstr "" +"解释器将不再假装支持跨发布版本的扩展类型二进制兼容性。 由第三方扩展模块所导出的 :c:type:`PyTypeObject` 应当具有当前 " +"Python 版本所要求的所有槽位，包括 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` " +"(:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE` 不再会在读取 " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_finalize` 之前被检查)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2122 +msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`32388`.)" +msgstr "（由 Antoine Pitrou 在 :issue:`32388` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2124 +msgid "" +"The functions :c:func:`!PyNode_AddChild` and :c:func:`!PyParser_AddToken` " +"now accept two additional ``int`` arguments *end_lineno* and " +"*end_col_offset*." +msgstr "" +"函数 :c:func:`!PyNode_AddChild` 和 :c:func:`!PyParser_AddToken` 现在接受两个额外的 " +"``int`` 参数 *end_lineno* 和 *end_col_offset*。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2127 +msgid "" +"The :file:`libpython38.a` file to allow MinGW tools to link directly against" +" :file:`python38.dll` is no longer included in the regular Windows " +"distribution. If you require this file, it may be generated with the " +"``gendef`` and ``dlltool`` tools, which are part of the MinGW binutils " +"package:" +msgstr "" +"允许 MinGW 工具直接链接到 :file:`python38.dll` 的 :file:`libpython38.a` 文件已不再包含于标准的 " +"Windows 分发包中。 如果你需要此文件，可使用 ``gendef`` 和 ``dlltool`` 工具来生成它，这些工具是 MinGW " +"binutils 包的一部分：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2132 +msgid "" +"gendef - python38.dll > tmp.def\n" +"dlltool --dllname python38.dll --def tmp.def --output-lib libpython38.a" +msgstr "" +"gendef - python38.dll > tmp.def\n" +"dlltool --dllname python38.dll --def tmp.def --output-lib libpython38.a" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2137 +msgid "" +"The location of an installed :file:`pythonXY.dll` will depend on the " +"installation options and the version and language of Windows. See " +":ref:`using-on-windows` for more information. The resulting library should " +"be placed in the same directory as :file:`pythonXY.lib`, which is generally " +"the :file:`libs` directory under your Python installation." +msgstr "" +"已安装的 :file:`pythonXY.dll` 所在位置将取决于安装选项以及 Windows 的版本和语言。 请参阅 :ref:`using-on-" +"windows` 了解更多信息。 该结果库应当放在与 :file:`pythonXY.lib` 相同的目录下，这通常是你的 Python 安装路径下的 " +":file:`libs` 目录。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2143 +msgid "(Contributed by Steve Dower in :issue:`37351`.)" +msgstr "（由 Steve Dower 在 :issue:`37351` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2147 +msgid "CPython bytecode changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2149 +msgid "" +"The interpreter loop has been simplified by moving the logic of unrolling " +"the stack of blocks into the compiler. The compiler emits now explicit " +"instructions for adjusting the stack of values and calling the cleaning-up " +"code for :keyword:`break`, :keyword:`continue` and :keyword:`return`." +msgstr "" +"解释器循环已通过将块堆栈展开逻辑移入编译器获得了简化。 编译器现在会发出显式指令来调整值堆栈并为 :keyword:`break`, " +":keyword:`continue` 和 :keyword:`return` 调用清除代码。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2155 +msgid "" +"Removed opcodes :opcode:`!BREAK_LOOP`, :opcode:`!CONTINUE_LOOP`, " +":opcode:`!SETUP_LOOP` and :opcode:`!SETUP_EXCEPT`. Added new opcodes " +":opcode:`!ROT_FOUR`, :opcode:`!BEGIN_FINALLY`, :opcode:`!CALL_FINALLY` and " +":opcode:`!POP_FINALLY`. Changed the behavior of :opcode:`!END_FINALLY` and " +":opcode:`!WITH_CLEANUP_START`." +msgstr "" +"移除了操作码 :opcode:`!BREAK_LOOP`, :opcode:`!CONTINUE_LOOP`, " +":opcode:`!SETUP_LOOP` 和 :opcode:`!SETUP_EXCEPT`。 添加了新的操作码 " +":opcode:`!ROT_FOUR`, :opcode:`!BEGIN_FINALLY`, :opcode:`!CALL_FINALLY` 和 " +":opcode:`!POP_FINALLY`。 修改了 :opcode:`!END_FINALLY` 和 " +":opcode:`!WITH_CLEANUP_START` 的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2161 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Mark Shannon, Antoine Pitrou and Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`17611`.)" +msgstr "" +"（由 Mark Shannon, Antoine Pitrou 和 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`17611` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2164 +msgid "" +"Added new opcode :opcode:`END_ASYNC_FOR` for handling exceptions raised when" +" awaiting a next item in an :keyword:`async for` loop. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`33041`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的操作码 :opcode:`END_ASYNC_FOR` 用于处理当等待 :keyword:`async for` 循环的下一项时引发的异常。 " +"（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`33041` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2168 +msgid "" +"The :opcode:`MAP_ADD` now expects the value as the first element in the " +"stack and the key as the second element. This change was made so the key is " +"always evaluated before the value in dictionary comprehensions, as proposed " +"by :pep:`572`. (Contributed by Jörn Heissler in :issue:`35224`.)" +msgstr "" +":opcode:`MAP_ADD` 现在会预期值为栈的第一个元素而键为第二个元素。 作出此改变以使得字典推导式能如 :pep:`572` " +"所提议的那样，键总是会在值之前被求值。 （由 Jörn Heissler 在 :issue:`35224` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2175 +msgid "Demos and Tools" +msgstr "演示和工具" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2177 +msgid "" +"Added a benchmark script for timing various ways to access variables: " +"``Tools/scripts/var_access_benchmark.py``. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger" +" in :issue:`35884`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了一个检测脚本用于对访问变量的不同方式进行计时: ``Tools/scripts/var_access_benchmark.py``。 （由 " +"Raymond Hettinger 在 :issue:`35884` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2181 +msgid "Here's a summary of performance improvements since Python 3.3:" +msgstr "以下是自 Python 3.3 以来性能提升情况的总结:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2183 +msgid "" +"Python version 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8\n" +"-------------- --- --- --- --- --- ---\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute read access:\n" +" read_local 4.0 7.1 7.1 5.4 5.1 3.9\n" +" read_nonlocal 5.3 7.1 8.1 5.8 5.4 4.4\n" +" read_global 13.3 15.5 19.0 14.3 13.6 7.6\n" +" read_builtin 20.0 21.1 21.6 18.5 19.0 7.5\n" +" read_classvar_from_class 20.5 25.6 26.5 20.7 19.5 18.4\n" +" read_classvar_from_instance 18.5 22.8 23.5 18.8 17.1 16.4\n" +" read_instancevar 26.8 32.4 33.1 28.0 26.3 25.4\n" +" read_instancevar_slots 23.7 27.8 31.3 20.8 20.8 20.2\n" +" read_namedtuple 68.5 73.8 57.5 45.0 46.8 18.4\n" +" read_boundmethod 29.8 37.6 37.9 29.6 26.9 27.7\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute write access:\n" +" write_local 4.6 8.7 9.3 5.5 5.3 4.3\n" +" write_nonlocal 7.3 10.5 11.1 5.6 5.5 4.7\n" +" write_global 15.9 19.7 21.2 18.0 18.0 15.8\n" +" write_classvar 81.9 92.9 96.0 104.6 102.1 39.2\n" +" write_instancevar 36.4 44.6 45.8 40.0 38.9 35.5\n" +" write_instancevar_slots 28.7 35.6 36.1 27.3 26.6 25.7\n" +"\n" +"Data structure read access:\n" +" read_list 19.2 24.2 24.5 20.8 20.8 19.0\n" +" read_deque 19.9 24.7 25.5 20.2 20.6 19.8\n" +" read_dict 19.7 24.3 25.7 22.3 23.0 21.0\n" +" read_strdict 17.9 22.6 24.3 19.5 21.2 18.9\n" +"\n" +"Data structure write access:\n" +" write_list 21.2 27.1 28.5 22.5 21.6 20.0\n" +" write_deque 23.8 28.7 30.1 22.7 21.8 23.5\n" +" write_dict 25.9 31.4 33.3 29.3 29.2 24.7\n" +" write_strdict 22.9 28.4 29.9 27.5 25.2 23.1\n" +"\n" +"Stack (or queue) operations:\n" +" list_append_pop 144.2 93.4 112.7 75.4 74.2 50.8\n" +" deque_append_pop 30.4 43.5 57.0 49.4 49.2 42.5\n" +" deque_append_popleft 30.8 43.7 57.3 49.7 49.7 42.8\n" +"\n" +"Timing loop:\n" +" loop_overhead 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3" +msgstr "" +"Python version 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8\n" +"-------------- --- --- --- --- --- ---\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute read access:\n" +" read_local 4.0 7.1 7.1 5.4 5.1 3.9\n" +" read_nonlocal 5.3 7.1 8.1 5.8 5.4 4.4\n" +" read_global 13.3 15.5 19.0 14.3 13.6 7.6\n" +" read_builtin 20.0 21.1 21.6 18.5 19.0 7.5\n" +" read_classvar_from_class 20.5 25.6 26.5 20.7 19.5 18.4\n" +" read_classvar_from_instance 18.5 22.8 23.5 18.8 17.1 16.4\n" +" read_instancevar 26.8 32.4 33.1 28.0 26.3 25.4\n" +" read_instancevar_slots 23.7 27.8 31.3 20.8 20.8 20.2\n" +" read_namedtuple 68.5 73.8 57.5 45.0 46.8 18.4\n" +" read_boundmethod 29.8 37.6 37.9 29.6 26.9 27.7\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute write access:\n" +" write_local 4.6 8.7 9.3 5.5 5.3 4.3\n" +" write_nonlocal 7.3 10.5 11.1 5.6 5.5 4.7\n" +" write_global 15.9 19.7 21.2 18.0 18.0 15.8\n" +" write_classvar 81.9 92.9 96.0 104.6 102.1 39.2\n" +" write_instancevar 36.4 44.6 45.8 40.0 38.9 35.5\n" +" write_instancevar_slots 28.7 35.6 36.1 27.3 26.6 25.7\n" +"\n" +"Data structure read access:\n" +" read_list 19.2 24.2 24.5 20.8 20.8 19.0\n" +" read_deque 19.9 24.7 25.5 20.2 20.6 19.8\n" +" read_dict 19.7 24.3 25.7 22.3 23.0 21.0\n" +" read_strdict 17.9 22.6 24.3 19.5 21.2 18.9\n" +"\n" +"Data structure write access:\n" +" write_list 21.2 27.1 28.5 22.5 21.6 20.0\n" +" write_deque 23.8 28.7 30.1 22.7 21.8 23.5\n" +" write_dict 25.9 31.4 33.3 29.3 29.2 24.7\n" +" write_strdict 22.9 28.4 29.9 27.5 25.2 23.1\n" +"\n" +"Stack (or queue) operations:\n" +" list_append_pop 144.2 93.4 112.7 75.4 74.2 50.8\n" +" deque_append_pop 30.4 43.5 57.0 49.4 49.2 42.5\n" +" deque_append_popleft 30.8 43.7 57.3 49.7 49.7 42.8\n" +"\n" +"Timing loop:\n" +" loop_overhead 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2228 +msgid "" +"The benchmarks were measured on an `Intel® Core™ i7-4960HQ processor " +"`_ running the macOS " +"64-bit builds found at `python.org " +"`_. The benchmark script displays " +"timings in nanoseconds." +msgstr "" +"基准测试是在 `Intel® Core™ i7-4960HQ 处理器 " +"`_ 上运行从 `python.org " +"`_ 获取的 macOS 64 位编译版得到的数据。 " +"该基准测试脚本显示时间以纳秒为单位。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2237 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.8.1" +msgstr "Python 3.8.1 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2239 +msgid "" +"Due to significant security concerns, the *reuse_address* parameter of " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` is no longer supported. This " +"is because of the behavior of the socket option ``SO_REUSEADDR`` in UDP. For" +" more details, see the documentation for " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()``. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley, Antoine " +"Pitrou, and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`37228`.)" +msgstr "" +"出于重要的安全性考量，:meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 的 *reuse_address* " +"形参不再被支持。 这是由 UDP 中的套接字选项 ``SO_REUSEADDR`` 的行为导致的。 更多细节请参阅 " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()`` 的文档。 （由 Kyle Stanley, Antoine Pitrou 和 " +"Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`37228` 中贡献。。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2247 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.8.2" +msgstr "Python 3.8.2 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2249 +msgid "" +"Fixed a regression with the ``ignore`` callback of :func:`shutil.copytree`. " +"The argument types are now str and List[str] again. (Contributed by Manuel " +"Barkhau and Giampaolo Rodola in :gh:`83571`.)" +msgstr "" +"修复了 :func:`shutil.copytree` 的 ``ignore`` 回调中的回归问题。 现在该参数的类型已改回 str 和 " +"List[str]。 （由 Manuel Barkhau 和 Giampaolo Rodola 在 :gh:`83571` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2254 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.8.3" +msgstr "Python 3.8.3 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2256 +msgid "" +"The constant values of future flags in the :mod:`__future__` module are " +"updated in order to prevent collision with compiler flags. Previously " +"``PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` was clashing with ``CO_FUTURE_DIVISION``. " +"(Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in :gh:`83743`)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`__future__` 模块中的 future 旗标常量值已被更新以防止与编译器旗标发生冲突。 在之前版本中 " +"``PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` 与 ``CO_FUTURE_DIVISION`` 存在冲突。 （由 Batuhan " +"Taskaya 在 :gh:`83743` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2262 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.8.8" +msgstr "Python 3.8.8 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2264 +msgid "" +"Earlier Python versions allowed using both ``;`` and ``&`` as query " +"parameter separators in :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl`. Due to security concerns, and to conform " +"with newer W3C recommendations, this has been changed to allow only a single" +" separator key, with ``&`` as the default. This change also affects " +":func:`!cgi.parse` and :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` as they use the affected" +" functions internally. For more details, please see their respective " +"documentation. (Contributed by Adam Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran and Ken Jin" +" in :issue:`42967`.)" +msgstr "" +"较早的 Python 版本允许同时使用 ``;`` 和 ``&`` 作为 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` 和 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` 中查询形参的分隔符。 出于安全考虑，并遵循新版的 W3C " +"建议，这已被更改为只允许一种分隔符，默认为 ``&``。 这一改变也会影响 :func:`!cgi.parse` 和 " +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` 因为它们在内部使用了受影响的函数。 要了解更多细节，请参阅相应的文档。 （由 Adam " +"Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran 和 Ken Jin 在 :issue:`42967` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2275 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.8.9" +msgstr "Python 3.8.9 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2277 +msgid "" +"A security fix alters the :class:`ftplib.FTP` behavior to not trust the IPv4" +" address sent from the remote server when setting up a passive data channel." +" We reuse the ftp server IP address instead. For unusual code requiring " +"the old behavior, set a ``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` attribute on your" +" FTP instance to ``True``. (See :gh:`87451`)" +msgstr "" +"新的安全修正将 :class:`ftplib.FTP` 的行为改成当设置被动数据通道时不信任远程服务器所发送的 IPv4 地址。 我们会改为重用 ftp" +" 服务器的 IP 地址。 对于需要原先的行为的不常见代码，请在你的 FTP 实例上将 " +"``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` 属性设为 ``True``。 （参见 :gh:`87451`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2284 ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2304 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.8.10" +msgstr "Python 3.8.10 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2287 +msgid "macOS 11.0 (Big Sur) and Apple Silicon Mac support" +msgstr "macOS 11.0 (Big Sur) 与 Apple Silicon Mac 支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2289 +msgid "" +"As of 3.8.10, Python now supports building and running on macOS 11 (Big Sur)" +" and on Apple Silicon Macs (based on the ``ARM64`` architecture). A new " +"universal build variant, ``universal2``, is now available to natively " +"support both ``ARM64`` and ``Intel 64`` in one set of executables. Note that" +" support for \"weaklinking\", building binaries targeted for newer versions " +"of macOS that will also run correctly on older versions by testing at " +"runtime for missing features, is not included in this backport from Python " +"3.9; to support a range of macOS versions, continue to target for and build " +"on the oldest version in the range." +msgstr "" +"对于 3.8.10，Python 现在支持在 macOS 11 (Big Sur) 和 Apple Silicon Mac (基于 ``ARM64`` " +"架构) 上构建和运行。 现在提供了一个新的通用构建形式 ``universal2`` 能够在一组可执行文件上同时原生支持 ``ARM64`` 和 " +"``Intel 64``。 请注意对 \"弱链接\" 的支持，即以较新 macOS " +"版本为目标构建的二进制文件通过在运行时测试缺失特性的方式也能在较旧版本上正确运行，尚未被包括在本次对 Python 3.9 的反向移植中；要支持更多的 " +"macOS 版本，请继续以设定版本区间的最旧版本作为目标进行构建。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2299 +msgid "" +"(Originally contributed by Ronald Oussoren and Lawrence D'Anna in " +":gh:`85272`, with fixes by FX Coudert and Eli Rykoff, and backported to 3.8 " +"by Maxime Bélanger and Ned Deily)" +msgstr "" +"（最初由 Ronald Oussoren 和 Lawrence D'Anna 在 :gh:`85272` 中贡献，由 FX Coudert 和 Eli " +"Rykoff 提供修正，并由 Maxime Bélanger 和 Ned Deily 反向移植到 3.8）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2307 +msgid "urllib.parse" +msgstr "urllib.parse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2309 +msgid "" +"The presence of newline or tab characters in parts of a URL allows for some " +"forms of attacks. Following the WHATWG specification that updates " +":rfc:`3986`, ASCII newline ``\\n``, ``\\r`` and tab ``\\t`` characters are " +"stripped from the URL by the parser in :mod:`urllib.parse` preventing such " +"attacks. The removal characters are controlled by a new module level " +"variable ``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE``. (See :issue:`43882`)" +msgstr "" +"在 URL 中存在换行符或制表符，可能会导致某些形式的攻击。根据 WHATWG 的规范更新了:rfc:`3986`， " +":mod:`urllib.parse` 中的解析器将从 URL 中移除 ASCII 换行符 ``\\n`` 、``\\r`` 和 " +"``\\t``字符，以防止这种攻击。将移除的字符由一个新的模块级变量``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE``" +" 控制。（参阅 :issue:`43882` ）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2318 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.8.12" +msgstr "Python 3.8.12 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2323 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.8.12 the :mod:`ipaddress` module no longer accepts " +"any leading zeros in IPv4 address strings. Leading zeros are ambiguous and " +"interpreted as octal notation by some libraries. For example the legacy " +"function :func:`socket.inet_aton` treats leading zeros as octal notation. " +"glibc implementation of modern :func:`~socket.inet_pton` does not accept any" +" leading zeros." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.8.12 开始 :mod:`ipaddress` 模块不再接受 IPv4 地址字符串中有任何前缀的零。 " +"前缀的零有歧义且会被某些库解读为八进制数字。 例如旧版函数 :func:`socket.inet_aton` 就将前缀的零视为八进制数字。 最新 " +":func:`~socket.inet_pton` 的 glibc 实现则不接受任何前缀的零。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2330 +msgid "" +"(Originally contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`36384`, and " +"backported to 3.8 by Achraf Merzouki.)" +msgstr "" +"（最初由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`36384` 中贡献，并由 Achraf Merzouki 向下移植到 3.8。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2334 +msgid "Notable security feature in 3.8.14" +msgstr "3.8.14 中的重要安全特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2336 +msgid "" +"Converting between :class:`int` and :class:`str` in bases other than 2 " +"(binary), 4, 8 (octal), 16 (hexadecimal), or 32 such as base 10 (decimal) " +"now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the number of digits in string form is " +"above a limit to avoid potential denial of service attacks due to the " +"algorithmic complexity. This is a mitigation for :cve:`2020-10735`. This " +"limit can be configured or disabled by environment variable, command line " +"flag, or :mod:`sys` APIs. See the :ref:`integer string conversion length " +"limitation ` documentation. The default limit is 4300 " +"digits in string form." +msgstr "" +"使用 2 (二进制), 4, 8 (八进制), 16 (十六进制) 或 32 以外的基数例如以 10 (十进制) 为基数在 :class:`int` 和" +" :class:`str` 之间进行转换现在如果字符串表示形式中的位数超过特定限制则会引发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"以避免因算法复杂度导致的拒绝服务攻击风险。 这是对于 :cve:`2020-10735` 的一种缓解方案。 此限制可通过环境变量、命令行旗标或 " +":mod:`sys` API 来配置或者禁用。 参见 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 ` 文档。 " +"字符串形式的默认限制为 4300 位数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2347 +msgid "Notable changes in 3.8.17" +msgstr "3.8.17 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:2352 +msgid "" +"The extraction methods in :mod:`tarfile`, and :func:`shutil.unpack_archive`," +" have a new a *filter* argument that allows limiting tar features than may " +"be surprising or dangerous, such as creating files outside the destination " +"directory. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details. In Python 3.12," +" use without the *filter* argument will show a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In" +" Python 3.14, the default will switch to ``'data'``. (Contributed by Petr " +"Viktorin in :pep:`706`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile` 中的提取方法和 :func:`shutil.unpack_archive` 都新增了 *filter* " +"参数以允许限制可能令人意外或危险的 tar 特性，例如在目标目录之外创建文件。 相关细节参见 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-" +"filter`。 在 Python 3.12 中，不带 *filter* 参数的用法将显示 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在 " +"Python 3.14 中，默认值将切换为 ``'data'``。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 :pep:`706` 中贡献。）" diff --git a/whatsnew/3.9.po b/whatsnew/3.9.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83913ae46 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/3.9.po @@ -0,0 +1,3166 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Kaizhao Zhang , 2021 +# jacky , 2021 +# jaystone776 <1732865113@qq.com>, 2021 +# Alpha Du , 2022 +# ProgramRipper, 2023 +# VincentDirac, 2023 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:3 +msgid "What's New In Python 3.9" +msgstr "Python 3.9 有什么新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:0 +msgid "Editor" +msgstr "编者" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:5 +msgid "Łukasz Langa" +msgstr "Łukasz Langa" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:45 +msgid "" +"This article explains the new features in Python 3.9, compared to 3.8. " +"Python 3.9 was released on October 5, 2020. For full details, see the " +":ref:`changelog `." +msgstr "" +"这篇文章介绍了 Python 3.9 相比 3.8 增加的新特性。 Python 3.9 发布于 2020年 10 月 5 日。 更详细的信息可参阅 " +":ref:`更新日志 `。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:51 +msgid ":pep:`596` - Python 3.9 Release Schedule" +msgstr ":pep:`596` - Python 3.9 发布计划" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:55 +msgid "Summary -- Release highlights" +msgstr "摘要 -- 发布重点" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:60 +msgid "New syntax features:" +msgstr "新的语法特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:62 +msgid ":pep:`584`, union operators added to ``dict``;" +msgstr ":pep:`584`，为 ``dict`` 增加合并运算符；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:63 +msgid ":pep:`585`, type hinting generics in standard collections;" +msgstr ":pep:`585`，标准多项集中的类型标注泛型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:64 +msgid ":pep:`614`, relaxed grammar restrictions on decorators." +msgstr ":pep:`614`，放宽对装饰器的语法限制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:66 +msgid "New built-in features:" +msgstr "新的内置特性：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:68 +msgid ":pep:`616`, string methods to remove prefixes and suffixes." +msgstr ":pep:`616`，移除前缀和后缀的字符串方法。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:70 +msgid "New features in the standard library:" +msgstr "标准库中的新特性:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:72 +msgid ":pep:`593`, flexible function and variable annotations;" +msgstr ":pep:`593`，灵活函数和变量注解；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:73 +msgid "" +":func:`os.pidfd_open` added that allows process management without races and" +" signals." +msgstr "添加了 :func:`os.pidfd_open` 以允许不带竞争和信号的进程管理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:76 +msgid "Interpreter improvements:" +msgstr "解释器的改进:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:78 +msgid "" +":pep:`573`, fast access to module state from methods of C extension types;" +msgstr ":pep:`573`，从 C 扩展类型的方法快速访问模块状态；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:80 +msgid ":pep:`617`, CPython now uses a new parser based on PEG;" +msgstr ":pep:`617`，CPython 现在使用基于 PEG 的新解析器；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:81 +msgid "" +"a number of Python builtins (range, tuple, set, frozenset, list, dict) are " +"now sped up using :pep:`590` vectorcall;" +msgstr "" +"一些 Python 内置类型（range、tuple、set、frozenset、list、dict）现已使用 :pep:`590` " +"vectorcall 加速；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:83 +msgid "garbage collection does not block on resurrected objects;" +msgstr "垃圾回收不会因恢复的对象而阻塞；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:84 +msgid "" +"a number of Python modules (:mod:`!_abc`, :mod:`!audioop`, :mod:`!_bz2`, " +":mod:`!_codecs`, :mod:`!_contextvars`, :mod:`!_crypt`, :mod:`!_functools`, " +":mod:`!_json`, :mod:`!_locale`, :mod:`math`, :mod:`operator`, " +":mod:`resource`, :mod:`time`, :mod:`!_weakref`) now use multiphase " +"initialization as defined by PEP 489;" +msgstr "" +"多个 Python 模块 (:mod:`!_abc`, :mod:`!audioop`, :mod:`!_bz2`, :mod:`!_codecs`, " +":mod:`!_contextvars`, :mod:`!_crypt`, :mod:`!_functools`, :mod:`!_json`, " +":mod:`!_locale`, :mod:`math`, :mod:`operator`, :mod:`resource`, :mod:`time`," +" :mod:`!_weakref`) 现在已使用 PEP 489 所定义的多阶段初始化；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:89 +msgid "" +"a number of standard library modules (:mod:`!audioop`, :mod:`ast`, " +":mod:`grp`, :mod:`!_hashlib`, :mod:`pwd`, :mod:`!_posixsubprocess`, " +":mod:`random`, :mod:`select`, :mod:`struct`, :mod:`termios`, :mod:`zlib`) " +"are now using the stable ABI defined by PEP 384." +msgstr "" +"多个标准库模块 (:mod:`!audioop`, :mod:`ast`, :mod:`grp`, :mod:`!_hashlib`, " +":mod:`pwd`, :mod:`!_posixsubprocess`, :mod:`random`, :mod:`select`, " +":mod:`struct`, :mod:`termios`, :mod:`zlib`) 现在已使用 PEP 384 所定义的稳定 ABI。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:94 +msgid "New library modules:" +msgstr "新的库模块：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:96 +msgid "" +":pep:`615`, the IANA Time Zone Database is now present in the standard " +"library in the :mod:`zoneinfo` module;" +msgstr ":pep:`615`，标准库的 :mod:`zoneinfo` 模块现已支持 IANA 时区数据库；" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:98 +msgid "" +"an implementation of a topological sort of a graph is now provided in the " +"new :mod:`graphlib` module." +msgstr "图的拓扑排序实现现在已由新的 :mod:`graphlib` 模块提供。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:101 +msgid "Release process changes:" +msgstr "发布进程的变化:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:103 +msgid ":pep:`602`, CPython adopts an annual release cycle." +msgstr ":pep:`602`，CPython 采用年度发布周期。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:107 +msgid "You should check for DeprecationWarning in your code" +msgstr "请检查代码中的 DeprecationWarning。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:109 +msgid "" +"When Python 2.7 was still supported, a lot of functionality in Python 3 was " +"kept for backward compatibility with Python 2.7. With the end of Python 2 " +"support, these backward compatibility layers have been removed, or will be " +"removed soon. Most of them emitted a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` warning for " +"several years. For example, using ``collections.Mapping`` instead of " +"``collections.abc.Mapping`` emits a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python " +"3.3, released in 2012." +msgstr "" +"Python 2.7 支持未终止时，为了实现向下兼容 Python 2.7，Python 3 保留了许多旧版功能。Python 2 " +"的支持终止后，已经移除了一部分向下兼容层，剩余部分很快也会被移除。这几年，大部分兼容层都会触发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` " +"警告。例如，2012 年发布 Python 3.3 后，用 ``collections.Mapping`` 替代 " +"``collections.abc.Mapping`` 就会触发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:117 +msgid "" +"Test your application with the :option:`-W` ``default`` command-line option " +"to see :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`, or " +"even with :option:`-W` ``error`` to treat them as errors. :ref:`Warnings " +"Filter ` can be used to ignore warnings from third-party " +"code." +msgstr "" +"请用 :option:`-W` ``default`` 命令行选项测试应用程序来查看 :exc:`DeprecationWarning` 和 " +":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`，甚至可以用 :option:`-W` ``error`` 将它们视为错误。 可以用 " +":ref:`警告过滤器 ` 忽略来自第三方代码的警告。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:122 +msgid "" +"Python 3.9 is the last version providing those Python 2 backward " +"compatibility layers, to give more time to Python projects maintainers to " +"organize the removal of the Python 2 support and add support for Python 3.9." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.9 是最后一个提供 Python 2 向下兼容层的版本，以给予 Python 项目维护者更多时间移除 Python 2 支持，添加 " +"Python 3.9 支持。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:126 +msgid "" +"Aliases to :ref:`Abstract Base Classes ` " +"in the :mod:`collections` module, like ``collections.Mapping`` alias to " +":class:`collections.abc.Mapping`, are kept for one last release for backward" +" compatibility. They will be removed from Python 3.10." +msgstr "" +":mod:`collections` 模块中 :ref:`抽象基类 ` " +"的别名，例如 :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` 的别名 ``collections.Mapping`` " +"会为向下兼容最后保留一个发行版。 这些内容将在 Python 3.10 中移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:131 +msgid "" +"More generally, try to run your tests in the :ref:`Python Development Mode " +"` which helps to prepare your code to make it compatible with the " +"next Python version." +msgstr "" +"更通俗的说法是，请在 :ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 下运行测试，这样做有助于让代码兼容 Python 的后续版本。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:135 +msgid "" +"Note: a number of pre-existing deprecations were removed in this version of " +"Python as well. Consult the :ref:`removed-in-python-39` section." +msgstr "注：一些前期已弃用的内容也将在此 Python 版本中移除。 详见 :ref:`removed-in-python-39` 一节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:140 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1271 +msgid "New Features" +msgstr "新的特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:143 +msgid "Dictionary Merge & Update Operators" +msgstr "字典合并与更新运算符" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:145 +msgid "" +"Merge (``|``) and update (``|=``) operators have been added to the built-in " +":class:`dict` class. Those complement the existing ``dict.update`` and " +"``{**d1, **d2}`` methods of merging dictionaries." +msgstr "" +"合并 (``|``) 与更新 (``|=``) 运算符已被加入内置的 :class:`dict` 类。 它们为现有的 ``dict.update`` 和" +" ``{**d1, **d2}`` 字典合并方法提供了补充。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:149 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:282 +msgid "Example::" +msgstr "示例::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:151 +msgid "" +">>> x = {\"key1\": \"value1 from x\", \"key2\": \"value2 from x\"}\n" +">>> y = {\"key2\": \"value2 from y\", \"key3\": \"value3 from y\"}\n" +">>> x | y\n" +"{'key1': 'value1 from x', 'key2': 'value2 from y', 'key3': 'value3 from y'}\n" +">>> y | x\n" +"{'key2': 'value2 from x', 'key3': 'value3 from y', 'key1': 'value1 from x'}" +msgstr "" +">>> x = {\"key1\": \"value1 from x\", \"key2\": \"value2 from x\"}\n" +">>> y = {\"key2\": \"value2 from y\", \"key3\": \"value3 from y\"}\n" +">>> x | y\n" +"{'key1': 'value1 from x', 'key2': 'value2 from y', 'key3': 'value3 from y'}\n" +">>> y | x\n" +"{'key2': 'value2 from x', 'key3': 'value3 from y', 'key1': 'value1 from x'}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:158 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`584` for a full description. (Contributed by Brandt Bucher in " +":issue:`36144`.)" +msgstr "详见 :pep:`584`。（Brandt Bucher 在 :issue:`36144` 中的贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:162 +msgid "New String Methods to Remove Prefixes and Suffixes" +msgstr "新增用于移除前缀和后缀的字符串方法" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:164 +msgid "" +":meth:`str.removeprefix(prefix)` and " +":meth:`str.removesuffix(suffix)` have been added to easily" +" remove an unneeded prefix or a suffix from a string. Corresponding " +"``bytes``, ``bytearray``, and ``collections.UserString`` methods have also " +"been added. See :pep:`616` for a full description. (Contributed by Dennis " +"Sweeney in :issue:`39939`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`str.removeprefix(prefix)` 和 " +":meth:`str.removesuffix(suffix)` 用于方便地从字符串移除不需要的前缀或后缀。 " +"也增加了 ``bytes``, ``bytearray`` 以及 ``collections.UserString`` 的对应方法。 请参阅 " +":pep:`616` 了解详情。 （由 Dennis Sweeney 在 :issue:`39939` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:172 +msgid "Type Hinting Generics in Standard Collections" +msgstr "标准多项集中的类型标注泛型" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:174 +msgid "" +"In type annotations you can now use built-in collection types such as " +"``list`` and ``dict`` as generic types instead of importing the " +"corresponding capitalized types (e.g. ``List`` or ``Dict``) from ``typing``." +" Some other types in the standard library are also now generic, for example" +" ``queue.Queue``." +msgstr "" +"在类型标注中现在你可以使用内置多项集类型例如 ``list`` 和 ``dict`` 作为通用类型而不必从 ``typing`` " +"导入对应的大写形式类型名 (例如 ``List`` 和 ``Dict``)。 标准库中的其他一些类型现在同样也是通用的，例如 " +"``queue.Queue``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:180 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1159 +msgid "Example:" +msgstr "示例:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:182 +msgid "" +"def greet_all(names: list[str]) -> None:\n" +" for name in names:\n" +" print(\"Hello\", name)" +msgstr "" +"def greet_all(names: list[str]) -> None:\n" +" for name in names:\n" +" print(\"Hello\", name)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:188 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`585` for more details. (Contributed by Guido van Rossum, Ethan " +"Smith, and Batuhan Taşkaya in :issue:`39481`.)" +msgstr "" +"详见 :pep:`585`。（由 Guido van Rossum、Ethan Smith 和 Batuhan Taşkaya 在 " +":issue:`39481` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:192 +msgid "New Parser" +msgstr "新的解析器" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:194 +msgid "" +"Python 3.9 uses a new parser, based on `PEG " +"`_ instead of " +"`LL(1) `_. The new parser's " +"performance is roughly comparable to that of the old parser, but the PEG " +"formalism is more flexible than LL(1) when it comes to designing new " +"language features. We'll start using this flexibility in Python 3.10 and " +"later." +msgstr "" +"Python 3.9 使用于基于 `PEG " +"`_ 的新解析器替代 `LL(1) " +"`_。 新解析器的性能与旧解析器大致相当，但 PEG " +"在设计新语言特性时的形式化比 LL(1) 更灵活。 我们将在 Python 3.10 及之后版本中开始使用这种灵活性。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:202 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`ast` module uses the new parser and produces the same AST as the " +"old parser." +msgstr ":mod:`ast` 模块会使用新解析器并会生成与旧解析器一致的 AST。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:205 +msgid "" +"In Python 3.10, the old parser will be deleted and so will all functionality" +" that depends on it (primarily the :mod:`!parser` module, which has long " +"been deprecated). In Python 3.9 *only*, you can switch back to the LL(1) " +"parser using a command line switch (``-X oldparser``) or an environment " +"variable (``PYTHONOLDPARSER=1``)." +msgstr "" +"在 Python 3.10 中，旧解析器将被删除因而所有依赖它的功能也将被删除（主要是 :mod:`!parser` 模块，它早已被弃用）。 *只有* " +"在 Python 3.9 中，你可以使用命令行开关 (``-X oldparser``) 或环境变量 (``PYTHONOLDPARSER=1``) " +"切换回 LL(1) 解析器。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:211 +msgid "" +"See :pep:`617` for more details. (Contributed by Guido van Rossum, Pablo " +"Galindo and Lysandros Nikolaou in :issue:`40334`.)" +msgstr "" +"请参阅 :pep:`617` 了解详情。 （由 Guido van Rossum, Pablo Galindo 和 Lysandros Nikolaou" +" 在 :issue:`40334` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:216 +msgid "Other Language Changes" +msgstr "其他语言特性修改" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:218 +msgid "" +":func:`__import__` now raises :exc:`ImportError` instead of " +":exc:`ValueError`, which used to occur when a relative import went past its " +"top-level package. (Contributed by Ngalim Siregar in :issue:`37444`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`__import__` 现在会引发 :exc:`ImportError` 而不是 " +":exc:`ValueError`，后者曾经会在相对导入超出其最高层级包时发生。 （由 Ngalim Siregar 在 :issue:`37444` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:223 +msgid "" +"Python now gets the absolute path of the script filename specified on the " +"command line (ex: ``python3 script.py``): the ``__file__`` attribute of the " +":mod:`__main__` module became an absolute path, rather than a relative path." +" These paths now remain valid after the current directory is changed by " +":func:`os.chdir`. As a side effect, the traceback also displays the absolute" +" path for :mod:`__main__` module frames in this case. (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :issue:`20443`.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 现在会获取命令行中指定的脚本文件名 (例如: ``python3 script.py``) 的绝对路径: :mod:`__main__` " +"模块的 ``__file__`` 属性将是一个绝对路径，而不是相对路径。 现在此路径在当前目录通过 :func:`os.chdir` " +"被改变后仍将保持有效。 作为附带效果，回溯信息也将在此情况下为 :mod:`__main__` 模块帧显示绝对路径。 （由 Victor Stinner" +" 在 :issue:`20443` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:231 +msgid "" +"In the :ref:`Python Development Mode ` and in :ref:`debug build " +"`, the *encoding* and *errors* arguments are now checked for " +"string encoding and decoding operations. Examples: :func:`open`, " +":meth:`str.encode` and :meth:`bytes.decode`." +msgstr "" +"在 :ref:`Python 开发模式 ` 以及 :ref:`调试编译版本 ` " +"中，现在会针对字符串编码和解码操作检查 *encoding* 和 *errors* 参数。 例如: :func:`open`, " +":meth:`str.encode` 和 :meth:`bytes.decode`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:236 +msgid "" +"By default, for best performance, the *errors* argument is only checked at " +"the first encoding/decoding error and the *encoding* argument is sometimes " +"ignored for empty strings. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`37388`.)" +msgstr "" +"默认设置下，为保证性能，*errors* 参数只会在第一次发生编码/解码错误时被检查，并且对于空字符串 *encoding* 参数有时会被忽略。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37388` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:241 +msgid "" +"``\"\".replace(\"\", s, n)`` now returns ``s`` instead of an empty string " +"for all non-zero ``n``. It is now consistent with ``\"\".replace(\"\", " +"s)``. There are similar changes for :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` " +"objects. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28029`.)" +msgstr "" +"``\"\".replace(\"\", s, n)`` 对于所有非零的 ``n`` 都将返回 ``s`` 而不是空字符串。 现在此方法会与 " +"``\"\".replace(\"\", s)`` 保持一致。 对于 :class:`bytes` 和 :class:`bytearray` " +"对象也有类似的修改。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`28029` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:246 +msgid "" +"Any valid expression can now be used as a :term:`decorator`. Previously, " +"the grammar was much more restrictive. See :pep:`614` for details. " +"(Contributed by Brandt Bucher in :issue:`39702`.)" +msgstr "" +"任何有效的表达式现在都可被用作 :term:`decorator`。 在之前版本中，相关语法则更为严格。 请参阅 :pep:`614` 了解详情。 （由" +" Brandt Bucher 在 :issue:`39702` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:250 +msgid "" +"Improved help for the :mod:`typing` module. Docstrings are now shown for all" +" special forms and special generic aliases (like ``Union`` and ``List``). " +"Using :func:`help` with generic alias like ``List[int]`` will show the help " +"for the correspondent concrete type (``list`` in this case). (Contributed by" +" Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`40257`.)" +msgstr "" +"改进了 :mod:`typing` 模块的帮助信息。 现在将为所有特殊形式和特殊通用别名 (例如 ``Union`` 和 ``List``) " +"显示文档字符串。 使用 :func:`help` 时传入通用别名例如 ``List[int]`` 将显示对应实体类型 (这里对应的是 ``list``)" +" 的帮助信息。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`40257` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:256 +msgid "" +"Parallel running of :meth:`~agen.aclose` / :meth:`~agen.asend` / " +":meth:`~agen.athrow` is now prohibited, and ``ag_running`` now reflects the " +"actual running status of the async generator. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov" +" in :issue:`30773`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`~agen.aclose` / :meth:`~agen.asend` / :meth:`~agen.athrow` " +"的并行运行现在已被禁止，且 ``ag_running`` 现在会反映异步生成器的实际运行状态。 （由 Yury Selivanov 在 " +":issue:`30773` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:261 +msgid "" +"Unexpected errors in calling the ``__iter__`` method are no longer masked by" +" ``TypeError`` in the :keyword:`in` operator and functions " +":func:`~operator.contains`, :func:`~operator.indexOf` and " +":func:`~operator.countOf` of the :mod:`operator` module. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`40824`.)" +msgstr "" +"调用 ``__iter__`` 方法时发生的非预期错误不会再被 :keyword:`in` 运算符以及 :mod:`operator` 的 " +":func:`~operator.contains`, :func:`~operator.indexOf` 和 " +":func:`~operator.countOf` 中的 ``TypeError`` 所掩盖。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`40824` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:267 +msgid "" +"Unparenthesized lambda expressions can no longer be the expression part in " +"an ``if`` clause in comprehensions and generator expressions. See " +":issue:`41848` and :issue:`43755` for details." +msgstr "" +"未加圆括号的 lambda 表达式不能再作为推导式和生成器表达式的 ``if`` 子句的表达式部分。 请参阅 :issue:`41848` 和 " +":issue:`43755` 了解详情。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:273 +msgid "New Modules" +msgstr "新增模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:276 +msgid "zoneinfo" +msgstr "zoneinfo" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:278 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`zoneinfo` module brings support for the IANA time zone database to" +" the standard library. It adds :class:`zoneinfo.ZoneInfo`, a concrete " +":class:`datetime.tzinfo` implementation backed by the system's time zone " +"data." +msgstr "" +":mod:`zoneinfo` 模块为标准库引入了 IANA 时区数据库。 它添加了 " +":class:`zoneinfo.ZoneInfo`，这是一个基于系统时区数据的实体 :class:`datetime.tzinfo` 实现。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:284 +msgid "" +">>> from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo\n" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta\n" +"\n" +">>> # Daylight saving time\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 10, 31, 12, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\"))\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-10-31 12:00:00-07:00\n" +">>> dt.tzname()\n" +"'PDT'\n" +"\n" +">>> # Standard time\n" +">>> dt += timedelta(days=7)\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-11-07 12:00:00-08:00\n" +">>> print(dt.tzname())\n" +"PST" +msgstr "" +">>> from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo\n" +">>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta\n" +"\n" +">>> # 夏令时\n" +">>> dt = datetime(2020, 10, 31, 12, tzinfo=ZoneInfo(\"America/Los_Angeles\"))\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-10-31 12:00:00-07:00\n" +">>> dt.tzname()\n" +"'PDT'\n" +"\n" +">>> # 标准时\n" +">>> dt += timedelta(days=7)\n" +">>> print(dt)\n" +"2020-11-07 12:00:00-08:00\n" +">>> print(dt.tzname())\n" +"PST" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:302 +msgid "" +"As a fall-back source of data for platforms that don't ship the IANA " +"database, the :pypi:`tzdata` module was released as a first-party package --" +" distributed via PyPI and maintained by the CPython core team." +msgstr "" +"作为不附带 IANA 数据库的平台的一个回退数据源，以第一方软件包的形式发布了 :pypi:`tzdata` 模块 -- 通过 PyPI 分发并由 " +"CPython 核心团队维护。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:308 +msgid "" +":pep:`615` -- Support for the IANA Time Zone Database in the Standard " +"Library" +msgstr ":pep:`615` -- 在标准库中支持 IANA 时区数据库" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:309 +msgid "PEP written and implemented by Paul Ganssle" +msgstr "PEP 由 Paul Ganssle 撰写并实现" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:313 +msgid "graphlib" +msgstr "graphlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:315 +msgid "" +"A new module, :mod:`graphlib`, was added that contains the " +":class:`graphlib.TopologicalSorter` class to offer functionality to perform " +"topological sorting of graphs. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Tim Peters and" +" Larry Hastings in :issue:`17005`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :mod:`graphlib` 模块，其中包含 :class:`graphlib.TopologicalSorter` " +"类来提供图的拓扑排序功能。 （由 Pablo Galindo, Tim Peters 和 Larry Hastings 在 :issue:`17005`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:322 +msgid "Improved Modules" +msgstr "改进的模块" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:325 +msgid "ast" +msgstr "ast" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:327 +msgid "" +"Added the *indent* option to :func:`~ast.dump` which allows it to produce a " +"multiline indented output. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`37995`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 *indent* 选项添加到 :func:`~ast.dump`，这允许它产生多行缩进的输出。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`37995` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:331 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`ast.unparse` as a function in the :mod:`ast` module that can be" +" used to unparse an :class:`ast.AST` object and produce a string with code " +"that would produce an equivalent :class:`ast.AST` object when parsed. " +"(Contributed by Pablo Galindo and Batuhan Taskaya in :issue:`38870`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :func:`ast.unparse` 作为 :mod:`ast` 模块中的一个函数，它可被用来反解析 :class:`ast.AST` " +"对象并产生相应的代码字符串，当它被解析时将会产生一个等价的 :class:`ast.AST` 对象。 （由 Pablo Galindo 和 " +"Batuhan Taskaya 在 :issue:`38870` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:336 +msgid "" +"Added docstrings to AST nodes that contains the ASDL signature used to " +"construct that node. (Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in :issue:`39638`.)" +msgstr "" +"为 AST 节点添加了文档字符串，其中包含 ASDL 签名，可被用来构造对应的节点。 （由 Batuhan Taskaya 在 " +":issue:`39638` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:340 +msgid "asyncio" +msgstr "asyncio" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:342 +msgid "" +"Due to significant security concerns, the *reuse_address* parameter of " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` is no longer supported. This " +"is because of the behavior of the socket option ``SO_REUSEADDR`` in UDP. For" +" more details, see the documentation for " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()``. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley, Antoine " +"Pitrou, and Yury Selivanov in :issue:`37228`.)" +msgstr "" +"出于重要的安全性考量，:meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` 的 *reuse_address* " +"形参不再被支持。 这是由 UDP 中的套接字选项 ``SO_REUSEADDR`` 的行为导致的。 更多细节请参阅 " +"``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()`` 的文档。 （由 Kyle Stanley, Antoine Pitrou 和 " +"Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`37228` 中贡献。。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:349 +msgid "" +"Added a new :term:`coroutine` " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.shutdown_default_executor` that schedules a shutdown " +"for the default executor that waits on the " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` to finish closing. Also, " +":func:`asyncio.run` has been updated to use the new :term:`coroutine`. " +"(Contributed by Kyle Stanley in :issue:`34037`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :term:`coroutine` " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.shutdown_default_executor`，它可为等待 " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 结束关闭的默认执行器安排关闭日程操作。 " +"此外，:func:`asyncio.run` 已被更新以使用新的 :term:`coroutine`。 （由 Kyle Stanley 在 " +":issue:`34037` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:355 +msgid "" +"Added :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher`, a Linux-specific child watcher " +"implementation that polls process file descriptors. (:issue:`38692`)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher`，这是一个 Linux 专属的子监视器实现，它负责轮询进程的文件描述符。 " +"(:issue:`38692`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:358 +msgid "" +"Added a new :term:`coroutine` :func:`asyncio.to_thread`. It is mainly used " +"for running IO-bound functions in a separate thread to avoid blocking the " +"event loop, and essentially works as a high-level version of " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.run_in_executor` that can directly take keyword " +"arguments. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley and Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`32309`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了新的 :term:`coroutine` :func:`asyncio.to_thread`。 它主要被用于在单独线程中运行 IO " +"密集型函数以避免阻塞事件循环，实质上就相当于是 :meth:`~asyncio.loop.run_in_executor` " +"的高层级版本，可直接接受关键字参数。 （由 Kyle Stanley 和 Yury Selivanov 在 :issue:`32309` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:364 +msgid "" +"When cancelling the task due to a timeout, :meth:`asyncio.wait_for` will now" +" wait until the cancellation is complete also in the case when *timeout* is " +"<= 0, like it does with positive timeouts. (Contributed by Elvis " +"Pranskevichus in :issue:`32751`.)" +msgstr "" +"当由于超时而取消任务时，:meth:`asyncio.wait_for` 现在将会等待直到也在 *timeout* 值 <= 0 的情况下完成取消。 " +"就像 timeout 值为正数时一样。 （由 Elvis Pranskevichus 在 :issue:`32751` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:369 +msgid "" +":mod:`asyncio` now raises :exc:`TypeError` when calling incompatible methods" +" with an :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` socket. (Contributed by Ido Michael in " +":issue:`37404`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当附带 :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` 套接字调用不兼容的方法时 :mod:`asyncio` 会引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 （由 Ido Michael 在 :issue:`37404` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:374 +msgid "compileall" +msgstr "compileall" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:376 +msgid "" +"Added new possibility to use hardlinks for duplicated ``.pyc`` files: " +"*hardlink_dupes* parameter and --hardlink-dupes command line option. " +"(Contributed by Lumír 'Frenzy' Balhar in :issue:`40495`.)" +msgstr "" +"为重复的 ``.pyc`` 文件添加了使用硬软件的可能性: *hardlink_dupes* 形参以及 --hardlink-dupes 命令行选项。 " +"（由 Lumír 'Frenzy' Balhar 在 :issue:`40495` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:379 +msgid "" +"Added new options for path manipulation in resulting ``.pyc`` files: " +"*stripdir*, *prependdir*, *limit_sl_dest* parameters and -s, -p, -e command " +"line options. Added the possibility to specify the option for an " +"optimization level multiple times. (Contributed by Lumír 'Frenzy' Balhar in " +":issue:`38112`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增了一些用于在结果 ``.pyc`` 文件中操纵路径的选项: *stripdir*, *prependdir*, *limit_sl_dest* " +"形参以及 -s, -p, -e 命令行选项。 并使得为优化等级多次指定选项成为可能。 （由 Lumír 'Frenzy' Balhar 在 " +":issue:`38112` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:384 +msgid "concurrent.futures" +msgstr "concurrent.futures" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:386 +msgid "" +"Added a new *cancel_futures* parameter to " +":meth:`concurrent.futures.Executor.shutdown` that cancels all pending " +"futures which have not started running, instead of waiting for them to " +"complete before shutting down the executor. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley in " +":issue:`39349`.)" +msgstr "" +"将新的 *cancel_futures* 形参添加到 " +":meth:`concurrent.futures.Executor.shutdown`，可以取消尚未开始运行的所有挂起的 " +"Future，而不必等待它们完成运行再关闭执行器。 （由 Kyle Stanley 在 :issue:`39349` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:392 +msgid "" +"Removed daemon threads from :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` " +"and :class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`. This improves " +"compatibility with subinterpreters and predictability in their shutdown " +"processes. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley in :issue:`39812`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 和 " +":class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` 中移除了守护线程。 " +"这改善与与子解释器的兼容性及它们在关闭进程时的可预测性。 （由 Kyle Stanley 在 :issue:`39812` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:397 +msgid "" +"Workers in :class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` are now spawned " +"on demand, only when there are no available idle workers to reuse. This " +"optimizes startup overhead and reduces the amount of lost CPU time to idle " +"workers. (Contributed by Kyle Stanley in :issue:`39207`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"中的工作进程仅会在没有可重用的空闲工作进程时按需产生。 这优化了启动开销并减少了由空闲工作进程导致的 CPU 时间损失。 （由 Kyle Stanley" +" 在 :issue:`39207` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:403 +msgid "curses" +msgstr "curses" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:405 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`curses.get_escdelay`, :func:`curses.set_escdelay`, " +":func:`curses.get_tabsize`, and :func:`curses.set_tabsize` functions. " +"(Contributed by Anthony Sottile in :issue:`38312`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`curses.get_escdelay`, :func:`curses.set_escdelay`, " +":func:`curses.get_tabsize` 以及 :func:`curses.set_tabsize` 函数。（由 Anthony " +"Sottile 在 :issue:`38312` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:410 +msgid "datetime" +msgstr "datetime" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:411 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`~datetime.date.isocalendar` of :class:`datetime.date` and " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.isocalendar` of :class:`datetime.datetime` methods" +" now returns a :func:`~collections.namedtuple` instead of a :class:`tuple`. " +"(Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`24416`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`datetime.date` 的 :meth:`~datetime.date.isocalendar` 以及 " +":class:`datetime.datetime` 的 :meth:`~datetime.datetime.isocalendar` 等方法现在将返回" +" :func:`~collections.namedtuple` 而不是 :class:`tuple`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`24416` 中贡献。）.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:417 +msgid "distutils" +msgstr "distutils" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:419 +msgid "" +"The :command:`upload` command now creates SHA2-256 and Blake2b-256 hash " +"digests. It skips MD5 on platforms that block MD5 digest. (Contributed by " +"Christian Heimes in :issue:`40698`.)" +msgstr "" +":command:`upload` 命令现在会创建 SHA2-256 和 Blake2b-256 哈希摘要。 它会在禁用 MD5 摘要的平台上跳过 " +"MD5。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`40698` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:424 +msgid "fcntl" +msgstr "fcntl" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:426 +msgid "" +"Added constants :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_GETLK`, :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLK` and" +" :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLKW`. (Contributed by Donghee Na in " +":issue:`38602`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_GETLK`, :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLK` 和 " +":const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLKW` 等常量。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`38602` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:431 +msgid "ftplib" +msgstr "ftplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:433 +msgid "" +":class:`~ftplib.FTP` and :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` now raise a " +":class:`ValueError` if the given timeout for their constructor is zero to " +"prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. (Contributed by Donghee Na in" +" :issue:`39259`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~ftplib.FTP` 和 :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` " +"当它们的构造器所给定的超时参数为零以防止创建非阻塞套接字时会引发 :class:`ValueError`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`39259` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:438 +msgid "gc" +msgstr "gc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:440 +msgid "" +"When the garbage collector makes a collection in which some objects " +"resurrect (they are reachable from outside the isolated cycles after the " +"finalizers have been executed), do not block the collection of all objects " +"that are still unreachable. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo and Tim Peters in " +":issue:`38379`.)" +msgstr "" +"当垃圾回收器进行某些复活对象的收集时（在终结器被执行之后这些对象可以在隔离周期之外被访问），不会阻止对所有仍然无法访问的对象的收集。 （由 Pablo " +"Galindo 和 Tim Peters 在 :issue:`38379` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:445 +msgid "" +"Added a new function :func:`gc.is_finalized` to check if an object has been " +"finalized by the garbage collector. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in " +":issue:`39322`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了一个新的函数 :func:`gc.is_finalized` 用来检测一个对象是否已被垃圾回收器所终结。 （由 Pablo Galindo 在 " +":issue:`39322` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:450 +msgid "hashlib" +msgstr "hashlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:452 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`hashlib` module can now use SHA3 hashes and SHAKE XOF from OpenSSL" +" when available. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`37630`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`hashlib` 模块现在会在可能的情况下使用 OpenSSL 中的 SHA3 哈希和 SHAKE XOF。 （由 Christian " +"Heimes 在 :issue:`37630` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:456 +msgid "" +"Builtin hash modules can now be disabled with ``./configure --without-" +"builtin-hashlib-hashes`` or selectively enabled with e.g. ``./configure " +"--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=sha3,blake2`` to force use of OpenSSL based " +"implementation. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`40479`)" +msgstr "" +"内置的哈希模块现在可通过 ``./configure --without-builtin-hashlib-hashes`` 禁用或通过 " +"``./configure --with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=sha3,blake2`` 这样的形式有选择地启用以强制使用基于" +" OpenSSL 的实现。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 :issue:`40479` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:464 +msgid "http" +msgstr "http" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:466 +msgid "" +"HTTP status codes ``103 EARLY_HINTS``, ``418 IM_A_TEAPOT`` and ``425 " +"TOO_EARLY`` are added to :class:`http.HTTPStatus`. (Contributed by Donghee " +"Na in :issue:`39509` and Ross Rhodes in :issue:`39507`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加 HTTP 状态码 ``103 EARLY_HINTS``, ``418 IM_A_TEAPOT`` 和 ``425 TOO_EARLY`` 到 " +":class:`http.HTTPStatus`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`39509` 以及 Ross Rhodes 在 " +":issue:`39507` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:470 +msgid "IDLE and idlelib" +msgstr "IDLE 与 idlelib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:472 +msgid "" +"Added option to toggle cursor blink off. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in " +":issue:`4603`.)" +msgstr "添加了切换光标闪烁停止的选项。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 :issue:`4603` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:475 +msgid "" +"Escape key now closes IDLE completion windows. (Contributed by Johnny " +"Najera in :issue:`38944`.)" +msgstr "Esc 键现在会关闭 IDLE 补全提示窗口。 （由 Johnny Najera 在 :issue:`38944` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:478 +msgid "" +"Added keywords to module name completion list. (Contributed by Terry J. " +"Reedy in :issue:`37765`.)" +msgstr "添加关键字到模块名称补全列表。 （由 Terry J. Reedy 在 :issue:`37765` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:481 +msgid "New in 3.9 maintenance releases" +msgstr "3.9 维护版本中的新内容" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:483 +msgid "" +"Make IDLE invoke :func:`sys.excepthook` (when started without '-n'). User " +"hooks were previously ignored. (Contributed by Ken Hilton in " +":issue:`43008`.)" +msgstr "" +"使 IDLE 调用 :func:`sys.excepthook` （当启动时没有 '-n' ）。用户钩子以前是被忽略的。 (由 Ken Hilton 在" +" :issue:`43008` 中贡献。)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:487 +msgid "The changes above have been backported to 3.8 maintenance releases." +msgstr "上述修改已被反向移植到 3.8 维护发行版中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:489 +msgid "" +"Rearrange the settings dialog. Split the General tab into Windows and " +"Shell/Ed tabs. Move help sources, which extend the Help menu, to the " +"Extensions tab. Make space for new options and shorten the dialog. The " +"latter makes the dialog better fit small screens. (Contributed by Terry Jan" +" Reedy in :issue:`40468`.) Move the indent space setting from the Font tab " +"to the new Windows tab. (Contributed by Mark Roseman and Terry Jan Reedy in" +" :issue:`33962`.)" +msgstr "" +"重新安排设置对话框。 将常规选项卡分成 Windows 和 Shell/Ed 选项卡。 " +"将扩展帮助菜单的帮助源移至扩展标签。为新选项留出空间，并缩短对话框。后者使对话框更适合小屏幕。 (由 Terry Jan Reedy 贡献于 " +":issue:`40468` 。) 将缩进空间设置从字体标签移到新的 Windows 标签。 (由 Mark Roseman 和 Terry Jan " +"Reedy 在 :issue:`33962` 中提供)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:497 +msgid "" +"Apply syntax highlighting to ``.pyi`` files. (Contributed by Alex Waygood " +"and Terry Jan Reedy in :issue:`45447`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 ``.pyi`` 文件应用语法高亮。 （由 Alex Waygood 和 Terry Jan Reedy 在 :issue:`45447` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:501 +msgid "imaplib" +msgstr "imaplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:503 +msgid "" +":class:`~imaplib.IMAP4` and :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` now have an optional" +" *timeout* parameter for their constructors. Also, the " +":meth:`~imaplib.IMAP4.open` method now has an optional *timeout* parameter " +"with this change. The overridden methods of :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` and " +":class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_stream` were applied to this change. (Contributed by " +"Donghee Na in :issue:`38615`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4` 和 :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` 的构造器具有可选的 *timeout*" +" 形参。 并且，现在 :meth:`~imaplib.IMAP4.open` 方法也具有可选的 *timeout* 形参包含此修改。 " +":class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` 和 :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_stream` 中被重载的方法也应用了此修改。" +" （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`38615` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:510 +msgid "" +":meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.unselect` is added. :meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.unselect` " +"frees server's resources associated with the selected mailbox and returns " +"the server to the authenticated state. This command performs the same " +"actions as :meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.close`, except that no messages are " +"permanently removed from the currently selected mailbox. (Contributed by " +"Donghee Na in :issue:`40375`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.unselect`。 :meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.unselect` " +"会释放关联到选定邮箱的服务器资源并将服务器返回到已认证状态。 此命令会执行与 :meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.close` " +"相同的动作，区别在于它不会从当前选定邮箱中永久地移除消息。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`40375` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:518 +msgid "importlib" +msgstr "importlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:520 +msgid "" +"To improve consistency with import statements, " +":func:`importlib.util.resolve_name` now raises :exc:`ImportError` instead of" +" :exc:`ValueError` for invalid relative import attempts. (Contributed by " +"Ngalim Siregar in :issue:`37444`.)" +msgstr "" +"为提升与 import 语句的一致性，现在 :func:`importlib.util.resolve_name` 对于无效的相对导入尝试会引发 " +":exc:`ImportError` 而不是 :exc:`ValueError`。 （由 Ngalim Siregar 在 :issue:`37444`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:525 +msgid "" +"Import loaders which publish immutable module objects can now publish " +"immutable packages in addition to individual modules. (Contributed by Dino " +"Viehland in :issue:`39336`.)" +msgstr "" +"发布不可变模块对象的导入加载器除了发布单独模块以外现在也可以发布不可变包。 （由 Dino Viehland 在 :issue:`39336` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:529 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`importlib.resources.files` function with support for " +"subdirectories in package data, matching backport in ``importlib_resources``" +" version 1.5. (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs in :issue:`39791`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了带有对包数据中子目录支持的 :func:`importlib.resources.files` 函数，与 " +"``importlib_resources`` 1.5 版的反向端口相匹配。（由 Jason R. Coombs 在 :issue:`39791` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:534 +msgid "" +"Refreshed ``importlib.metadata`` from ``importlib_metadata`` version 1.6.1." +msgstr "来自 ``importlib_metadata`` 1.6.1 版的已更新 ``importlib.metadata``。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:537 +msgid "inspect" +msgstr "inspect" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:539 +msgid "" +":attr:`inspect.BoundArguments.arguments` is changed from ``OrderedDict`` to " +"regular dict. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`36350` and " +":issue:`39775`.)" +msgstr "" +":attr:`inspect.BoundArguments.arguments` 已从 ``OrderedDict`` 改为常规字典。 （由 Inada" +" Naoki 在 :issue:`36350` 和 :issue:`39775` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:543 +msgid "ipaddress" +msgstr "ipaddress" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:545 +msgid "" +":mod:`ipaddress` now supports IPv6 Scoped Addresses (IPv6 address with " +"suffix ``%``)." +msgstr ":mod:`ipaddress` 现在支持 IPv6 作用域地址（即带有 ``%`` 前缀的 IPv6 地址）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:547 +msgid "" +"Scoped IPv6 addresses can be parsed using :class:`ipaddress.IPv6Address`. If" +" present, scope zone ID is available through the " +":attr:`~ipaddress.IPv6Address.scope_id` attribute. (Contributed by Oleksandr" +" Pavliuk in :issue:`34788`.)" +msgstr "" +"IPv6 作用域地址可使用 :class:`ipaddress.IPv6Address` 来解析。 作用域的区 ID 如果存在，可通过 " +":attr:`~ipaddress.IPv6Address.scope_id` 属性来获取。 （由 Oleksandr Pavliuk 在 " +":issue:`34788` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:551 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.9.5 the :mod:`ipaddress` module no longer accepts any" +" leading zeros in IPv4 address strings. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in " +":issue:`36384`)." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.9.5 开始 :mod:`ipaddress` 模块不再接受 IPv4 地址字符串中有任何前缀的零。 （由 Christian " +"Heimes 在 :issue:`36384` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:556 +msgid "math" +msgstr "math" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:558 +msgid "" +"Expanded the :func:`math.gcd` function to handle multiple arguments. " +"Formerly, it only supported two arguments. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka " +"in :issue:`39648`.)" +msgstr "" +"对 :func:`math.gcd` 函数进行了扩展以处理多个参数。 在之前版本中，它只支持两个参数。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`39648` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:562 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`math.lcm`: return the least common multiple of specified " +"arguments. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson, Ananthakrishnan and Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`39479` and :issue:`39648`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`math.lcm`: 返回指定参数的最小公倍数。 （由 Mark Dickinson, Ananthakrishnan 和 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`39479` 和 :issue:`39648` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:566 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`math.nextafter`: return the next floating-point value after *x*" +" towards *y*. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39288`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`math.nextafter`: 返回从 *x* 往 *y* 方向的下一个浮点数值。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`39288` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:570 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`math.ulp`: return the value of the least significant bit of a " +"float. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39310`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`math.ulp`: 返回一个浮点数的最小有效比特位。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39310` " +"中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:575 +msgid "multiprocessing" +msgstr "multiprocessing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:577 +msgid "" +"The :class:`multiprocessing.SimpleQueue` class has a new " +":meth:`~multiprocessing.SimpleQueue.close` method to explicitly close the " +"queue. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`30966`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`multiprocessing.SimpleQueue` 类新增了 " +":meth:`~multiprocessing.SimpleQueue.close` 方法用来显式地关闭队列。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`30966` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:583 +msgid "nntplib" +msgstr "nntplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:585 +msgid "" +":class:`!NNTP` and :class:`!NNTP_SSL` now raise a :class:`ValueError` if the" +" given timeout for their constructor is zero to prevent the creation of a " +"non-blocking socket. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`39259`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`!NNTP` 和 :class:`!NNTP_SSL` 当它们的构造器所给定的超时值为零以防止创建非阻塞套接字时会引发 " +":class:`ValueError`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`39259` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:590 +msgid "os" +msgstr "os" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:592 +msgid "" +"Added :const:`~os.CLD_KILLED` and :const:`~os.CLD_STOPPED` for " +":attr:`!si_code`. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`38493`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :const:`~os.CLD_KILLED` 和 :const:`~os.CLD_STOPPED` 作为 :attr:`!si_code`。 " +"（由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`38493` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:595 +msgid "" +"Exposed the Linux-specific :func:`os.pidfd_open` (:issue:`38692`) and " +":const:`os.P_PIDFD` (:issue:`38713`) for process management with file " +"descriptors." +msgstr "" +"对外公开了 Linux 专属的 :func:`os.pidfd_open` (:issue:`38692`) 和 :const:`os.P_PIDFD`" +" (:issue:`38713`) 用于文件描述符的进程管理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:599 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.unsetenv` function is now also available on Windows. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39413`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`os.unsetenv` 函数在 Windows 上也已可用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39413`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:602 +msgid "" +"The :func:`os.putenv` and :func:`os.unsetenv` functions are now always " +"available. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39395`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`os.putenv` 和 :func:`os.unsetenv` 函数将总是可用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`39395` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:606 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`os.waitstatus_to_exitcode` function: convert a wait status to " +"an exit code. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`40094`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`os.waitstatus_to_exitcode` 函数：将等待状态转换为退出码。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`40094` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:611 +msgid "pathlib" +msgstr "pathlib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:613 +msgid "" +"Added :meth:`pathlib.Path.readlink` which acts similarly to " +":func:`os.readlink`. (Contributed by Girts Folkmanis in :issue:`30618`)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :meth:`pathlib.Path.readlink`，其行为类似于 :func:`os.readlink`。 （由 Girts " +"Folkmanis 在 :issue:`30618` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:618 +msgid "pdb" +msgstr "pdb" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:620 +msgid "" +"On Windows now :class:`~pdb.Pdb` supports ``~/.pdbrc``. (Contributed by Tim " +"Hopper and Dan Lidral-Porter in :issue:`20523`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 Windows 上 :class:`~pdb.Pdb` 现在支持 ``~/.pdbrc``。 （由 Tim Hopper 和 Dan Lidral-" +"Porter 在 :issue:`20523` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:624 +msgid "poplib" +msgstr "poplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:626 +msgid "" +":class:`~poplib.POP3` and :class:`~poplib.POP3_SSL` now raise a " +":class:`ValueError` if the given timeout for their constructor is zero to " +"prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. (Contributed by Donghee Na in" +" :issue:`39259`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~poplib.POP3` 和 :class:`~poplib.POP3_SSL` " +"当它们的构造器所给定的超时参数为零以防止创建非阻塞套接字时会引发 :class:`ValueError`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`39259` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:631 +msgid "pprint" +msgstr "pprint" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:633 +msgid "" +":mod:`pprint` can now pretty-print :class:`types.SimpleNamespace`. " +"(Contributed by Carl Bordum Hansen in :issue:`37376`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`pprint` 能美化打印 :class:`types.SimpleNamespace`。 （由 Carl Bordum Hansen" +" 在 :issue:`37376` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:637 +msgid "pydoc" +msgstr "pydoc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:639 +msgid "" +"The documentation string is now shown not only for class, function, method " +"etc, but for any object that has its own :attr:`~definition.__doc__` " +"attribute. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`40257`.)" +msgstr "" +"文档字符串的显示现在不仅针对类、函数、方法等，也针对任何具有自己的 :attr:`~definition.__doc__` 属性的对象。 （由 " +"Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`40257` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:645 +msgid "random" +msgstr "random" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:647 +msgid "" +"Added a new :attr:`random.Random.randbytes` method: generate random bytes. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`40286`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了新的 :attr:`random.Random.randbytes` 方法：生成随机字节串。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`40286` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:651 +msgid "signal" +msgstr "signal" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:653 +msgid "" +"Exposed the Linux-specific :func:`signal.pidfd_send_signal` for sending to " +"signals to a process using a file descriptor instead of a pid. " +"(:issue:`38712`)" +msgstr "" +"对外公开了 Linux 专属的 :func:`signal.pidfd_send_signal` 用于向使用文件描述符而非 pid 的进程发送信号。 " +"(:issue:`38712`)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:657 +msgid "smtplib" +msgstr "smtplib" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:659 +msgid "" +":class:`~smtplib.SMTP` and :class:`~smtplib.SMTP_SSL` now raise a " +":class:`ValueError` if the given timeout for their constructor is zero to " +"prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. (Contributed by Donghee Na in" +" :issue:`39259`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~smtplib.SMTP` 和 :class:`~smtplib.SMTP_SSL` " +"当它们的构造器所给定的超时参数为零以防止创建非阻塞套接字时会引发 :class:`ValueError`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`39259` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:663 +msgid "" +":class:`~smtplib.LMTP` constructor now has an optional *timeout* parameter." +" (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`39329`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~smtplib.LMTP` 构造器具有一个可选的 *timeout* 形参。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`39329` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:667 +msgid "socket" +msgstr "socket" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:669 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`socket` module now exports the " +":const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_JOIN_FILTERS` constant on Linux 4.1 and greater. " +"(Contributed by Stefan Tatschner and Zackery Spytz in :issue:`25780`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`socket` 模块会在 Linux 4.1 或更高版本上导出 " +":const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_JOIN_FILTERS` 常量。 （由 Stefan Tatschner 和 Zackery " +"Spytz 在 :issue:`25780` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:673 +msgid "" +"The socket module now supports the :const:`~socket.CAN_J1939` protocol on " +"platforms that support it. (Contributed by Karl Ding in :issue:`40291`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 socket 模块会在受到支持的平台上支持 :const:`~socket.CAN_J1939` 协议。 （由 Karl Ding 在 " +":issue:`40291` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:676 +msgid "" +"The socket module now has the :func:`socket.send_fds` and " +":func:`socket.recv_fds` functions. (Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye, Shinya " +"Okano and Victor Stinner in :issue:`28724`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 socket 模块具有 :func:`socket.send_fds` 和 :func:`socket.recv_fds` 函数。 （由 " +"Joannah Nanjekye, Shinya Okano 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`28724` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:682 +msgid "time" +msgstr "time" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:684 +msgid "" +"On AIX, :func:`~time.thread_time` is now implemented with " +"``thread_cputime()`` which has nanosecond resolution, rather than " +"``clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)`` which has a resolution of 10 " +"milliseconds. (Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in :issue:`40192`)" +msgstr "" +"在 AIX 上，现在 :func:`~time.thread_time` 是使用具有纳秒级精度的 ``thread_cputime()`` " +"实现，而不再是只有 10 毫秒精度的 ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)``。 （由 Batuhan " +"Taskaya 在 :issue:`40192` 中贡献）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:690 +msgid "sys" +msgstr "sys" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:692 +msgid "" +"Added a new :data:`sys.platlibdir` attribute: name of the platform-specific " +"library directory. It is used to build the path of standard library and the " +"paths of installed extension modules. It is equal to ``\"lib\"`` on most " +"platforms. On Fedora and SuSE, it is equal to ``\"lib64\"`` on 64-bit " +"platforms. (Contributed by Jan Matějek, Matěj Cepl, Charalampos Stratakis " +"and Victor Stinner in :issue:`1294959`.)" +msgstr "" +"新增 :data:`sys.platlibdir` 属性：平台专属库目录的名称。 它被用于构建标准库的路径和已安装扩展模块的路径。 它在大多数平台上等于" +" ``\"lib\"``。 在 Fedora 和 SuSE 上，对于 64 位平台它将等于 ``\"lib64\"``。 （由 Jan Matějek," +" Matěj Cepl, Charalampos Stratakis 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`1294959` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:698 +msgid "" +"Previously, :data:`sys.stderr` was block-buffered when non-interactive. Now " +"``stderr`` defaults to always being line-buffered. (Contributed by Jendrik " +"Seipp in :issue:`13601`.)" +msgstr "" +"在之前版本中，:data:`sys.stderr` 在非交互模式时是带块缓冲的。 现在 ``stderr`` 默认总是带行缓冲的。 （由 Jendrik" +" Seipp 在 :issue:`13601` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:703 +msgid "tracemalloc" +msgstr "tracemalloc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:705 +msgid "" +"Added :func:`tracemalloc.reset_peak` to set the peak size of traced memory " +"blocks to the current size, to measure the peak of specific pieces of code. " +"(Contributed by Huon Wilson in :issue:`40630`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :func:`tracemalloc.reset_peak` 用于将跟踪的内存块峰值大小设为当前大小，以测量特定代码段的峰值。 （由 Huon " +"Wilson 在 :issue:`40630` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:710 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1493 +msgid "typing" +msgstr "typing" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:712 +msgid "" +":pep:`593` introduced an :data:`typing.Annotated` type to decorate existing " +"types with context-specific metadata and new ``include_extras`` parameter to" +" :func:`typing.get_type_hints` to access the metadata at runtime. " +"(Contributed by Till Varoquaux and Konstantin Kashin.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`593` 引入了一种 :data:`typing.Annotated` 类型以使用上下文专属的元数据来装饰现有类型，并将新的 " +"``include_extras`` 形参添加到 :func:`typing.get_type_hints` 以在运行时访问元数据。 （由 Till " +"Varoquaux 和 Konstantin Kashin 贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:718 +msgid "unicodedata" +msgstr "unicodedata" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:720 +msgid "" +"The Unicode database has been updated to version 13.0.0. (:issue:`39926`)." +msgstr "Unicode 数据库已更新到 13.0.0 版。 (:issue:`39926`)。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:723 +msgid "venv" +msgstr "venv" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:725 +msgid "" +"The activation scripts provided by :mod:`venv` now all specify their prompt " +"customization consistently by always using the value specified by " +"``__VENV_PROMPT__``. Previously some scripts unconditionally used " +"``__VENV_PROMPT__``, others only if it happened to be set (which was the " +"default case), and one used ``__VENV_NAME__`` instead. (Contributed by Brett" +" Cannon in :issue:`37663`.)" +msgstr "" +"由 :mod:`venv` 所提供的激活脚本现在总是会使用 ``__VENV_PROMPT__`` 设置的值来一致地指明它们的自定义提示符。 " +"在之前版本中某些脚本会无条件地使用 ``__VENV_PROMPT__``，而另一些脚本只在其恰好被设置时（这是默认情况）才会使用，还有的脚本会改用 " +"``__VENV_NAME__``。 （由 Brett Cannon 在 :issue:`37663` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:733 +msgid "xml" +msgstr "xml" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:735 +msgid "" +"White space characters within attributes are now preserved when serializing " +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` to XML file. EOLNs are no longer normalized to " +"\"\\n\". This is the result of discussion about how to interpret section " +"2.11 of XML spec. (Contributed by Mefistotelis in :issue:`39011`.)" +msgstr "" +"当把 :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` 序列化为 XML 文件时属性内部的空白字符现在将被保留。 不同的行结束符不会再被正规化为" +" \"\\n\"。 这是对于如何解读 XML 规范 2.11 节的相关讨论的最终结果。 （由 Mefistotelis 在 :issue:`39011`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:743 +msgid "Optimizations" +msgstr "性能优化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:745 +msgid "" +"Optimized the idiom for assignment a temporary variable in comprehensions. " +"Now ``for y in [expr]`` in comprehensions is as fast as a simple assignment " +"``y = expr``. For example:" +msgstr "" +"优化了在推导式中为临时变量赋值的惯用方式。 现在推导式中的 ``for y in [expr]`` 会与简单赋值语句 ``y = expr`` " +"一样快速。 例如:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:749 +msgid "sums = [s for s in [0] for x in data for s in [s + x]]" +msgstr "sums = [s for s in [0] for x in data for s in [s + x]]" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:751 +msgid "" +"Unlike the ``:=`` operator this idiom does not leak a variable to the outer " +"scope." +msgstr "不同于 ``:=`` 运算符，这个惯用方式不会使变量泄露到外部作用域中。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:754 +msgid "(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32856`.)" +msgstr "（由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`32856` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:756 +msgid "" +"Optimized signal handling in multithreaded applications. If a thread " +"different than the main thread gets a signal, the bytecode evaluation loop " +"is no longer interrupted at each bytecode instruction to check for pending " +"signals which cannot be handled. Only the main thread of the main " +"interpreter can handle signals." +msgstr "" +"优化了多线程应用中的信号处理。 如果一个线程不是获得信号的主线程，字节码求值循环不会在每条字节码指令上被打断以检查无法被处理的挂起信号。 " +"只有主解释器的主线程能够处理信号。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:762 +msgid "" +"Previously, the bytecode evaluation loop was interrupted at each instruction" +" until the main thread handles signals. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`40010`.)" +msgstr "" +"在之前版本中，字节码求值循环会在每条指令上被打断直到主线程处理了信号。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`40010` 上贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:766 +msgid "" +"Optimized the :mod:`subprocess` module on FreeBSD using ``closefrom()``. " +"(Contributed by Ed Maste, Conrad Meyer, Kyle Evans, Kubilay Kocak and Victor" +" Stinner in :issue:`38061`.)" +msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 上使用 ``closefrom()`` 优化了 :mod:`subprocess` 模块。 （由 Ed Maste, Conrad " +"Meyer, Kyle Evans, Kubilay Kocak 和 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`38061` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:770 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyLong_FromDouble` is now up to 1.87x faster for values that fit " +"into :c:expr:`long`. (Contributed by Sergey Fedoseev in :issue:`37986`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyLong_FromDouble` 对于 :c:expr:`long` 范围内值的执行速度提升至 1.87 倍。 （由 " +"Sergey Fedoseev 在 :issue:`37986` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:774 +msgid "" +"A number of Python builtins (:class:`range`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`set`, " +":class:`frozenset`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`) are now sped up by using " +":pep:`590` vectorcall protocol. (Contributed by Donghee Na, Mark Shannon, " +"Jeroen Demeyer and Petr Viktorin in :issue:`37207`.)" +msgstr "" +"多个 Python 内置类型 (:class:`range`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`set`, " +":class:`frozenset`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`) 现在通过使用 :pep:`590` " +"vectorcall 协议得到加速。 （由 Donghee Na, Mark Shannon, Jeroen Demeyer 和 Petr " +"Viktorin 在 :issue:`37207` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:779 +msgid "" +"Optimized :func:`~set.difference_update` for the case when the other set is " +"much larger than the base set. (Suggested by Evgeny Kapun with code " +"contributed by Michele Orrù in :issue:`8425`.)" +msgstr "" +"当另一集合远大于基础集合的情况下优化了 :func:`~set.difference_update` 的性能。 （由 Evgeny Kapun 提议，由" +" Michele Orrù 在 :issue:`8425` 中贡献代码。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:783 +msgid "" +"Python's small object allocator (``obmalloc.c``) now allows (no more than) " +"one empty arena to remain available for immediate reuse, without returning " +"it to the OS. This prevents thrashing in simple loops where an arena could " +"be created and destroyed anew on each iteration. (Contributed by Tim Peters " +"in :issue:`37257`.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 的小对象分配器 (``obmalloc.c``) 现在允许（至多）一个空位可用于立即重用，而不必将其返回给 OS。 " +"这可以防止简单循环中的多余消耗，在每次迭代中可以创建和销毁全新的空位。 （由 Tim Peters 在 :issue:`37257` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:789 +msgid "" +":term:`floor division` of float operation now has a better performance. Also" +" the message of :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` for this operation is updated. " +"(Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`39434`.)" +msgstr "" +"浮点数运算中的 :term:`floor division` 现在会有更好的性能。 并且此运算的 :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` " +"消息也获得了更新。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`39434` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:793 +msgid "" +"Decoding short ASCII strings with UTF-8 and ascii codecs is now about 15% " +"faster. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`37348`.)" +msgstr "" +"使用 UTF-8 和 ascii 编解码器解码短 ASCII 字符串现在会加快大约 15%。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 " +":issue:`37348` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:796 +msgid "" +"Here's a summary of performance improvements from Python 3.4 through Python " +"3.9:" +msgstr "以下是对从 Python 3.4 到 Python 3.9 的提升提升情况的总结:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:798 +msgid "" +"Python version 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9\n" +"-------------- --- --- --- --- --- ---\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute read access:\n" +" read_local 7.1 7.1 5.4 5.1 3.9 3.9\n" +" read_nonlocal 7.1 8.1 5.8 5.4 4.4 4.5\n" +" read_global 15.5 19.0 14.3 13.6 7.6 7.8\n" +" read_builtin 21.1 21.6 18.5 19.0 7.5 7.8\n" +" read_classvar_from_class 25.6 26.5 20.7 19.5 18.4 17.9\n" +" read_classvar_from_instance 22.8 23.5 18.8 17.1 16.4 16.9\n" +" read_instancevar 32.4 33.1 28.0 26.3 25.4 25.3\n" +" read_instancevar_slots 27.8 31.3 20.8 20.8 20.2 20.5\n" +" read_namedtuple 73.8 57.5 45.0 46.8 18.4 18.7\n" +" read_boundmethod 37.6 37.9 29.6 26.9 27.7 41.1\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute write access:\n" +" write_local 8.7 9.3 5.5 5.3 4.3 4.3\n" +" write_nonlocal 10.5 11.1 5.6 5.5 4.7 4.8\n" +" write_global 19.7 21.2 18.0 18.0 15.8 16.7\n" +" write_classvar 92.9 96.0 104.6 102.1 39.2 39.8\n" +" write_instancevar 44.6 45.8 40.0 38.9 35.5 37.4\n" +" write_instancevar_slots 35.6 36.1 27.3 26.6 25.7 25.8\n" +"\n" +"Data structure read access:\n" +" read_list 24.2 24.5 20.8 20.8 19.0 19.5\n" +" read_deque 24.7 25.5 20.2 20.6 19.8 20.2\n" +" read_dict 24.3 25.7 22.3 23.0 21.0 22.4\n" +" read_strdict 22.6 24.3 19.5 21.2 18.9 21.5\n" +"\n" +"Data structure write access:\n" +" write_list 27.1 28.5 22.5 21.6 20.0 20.0\n" +" write_deque 28.7 30.1 22.7 21.8 23.5 21.7\n" +" write_dict 31.4 33.3 29.3 29.2 24.7 25.4\n" +" write_strdict 28.4 29.9 27.5 25.2 23.1 24.5\n" +"\n" +"Stack (or queue) operations:\n" +" list_append_pop 93.4 112.7 75.4 74.2 50.8 50.6\n" +" deque_append_pop 43.5 57.0 49.4 49.2 42.5 44.2\n" +" deque_append_popleft 43.7 57.3 49.7 49.7 42.8 46.4\n" +"\n" +"Timing loop:\n" +" loop_overhead 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3" +msgstr "" +"Python version 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9\n" +"-------------- --- --- --- --- --- ---\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute read access:\n" +" read_local 7.1 7.1 5.4 5.1 3.9 3.9\n" +" read_nonlocal 7.1 8.1 5.8 5.4 4.4 4.5\n" +" read_global 15.5 19.0 14.3 13.6 7.6 7.8\n" +" read_builtin 21.1 21.6 18.5 19.0 7.5 7.8\n" +" read_classvar_from_class 25.6 26.5 20.7 19.5 18.4 17.9\n" +" read_classvar_from_instance 22.8 23.5 18.8 17.1 16.4 16.9\n" +" read_instancevar 32.4 33.1 28.0 26.3 25.4 25.3\n" +" read_instancevar_slots 27.8 31.3 20.8 20.8 20.2 20.5\n" +" read_namedtuple 73.8 57.5 45.0 46.8 18.4 18.7\n" +" read_boundmethod 37.6 37.9 29.6 26.9 27.7 41.1\n" +"\n" +"Variable and attribute write access:\n" +" write_local 8.7 9.3 5.5 5.3 4.3 4.3\n" +" write_nonlocal 10.5 11.1 5.6 5.5 4.7 4.8\n" +" write_global 19.7 21.2 18.0 18.0 15.8 16.7\n" +" write_classvar 92.9 96.0 104.6 102.1 39.2 39.8\n" +" write_instancevar 44.6 45.8 40.0 38.9 35.5 37.4\n" +" write_instancevar_slots 35.6 36.1 27.3 26.6 25.7 25.8\n" +"\n" +"Data structure read access:\n" +" read_list 24.2 24.5 20.8 20.8 19.0 19.5\n" +" read_deque 24.7 25.5 20.2 20.6 19.8 20.2\n" +" read_dict 24.3 25.7 22.3 23.0 21.0 22.4\n" +" read_strdict 22.6 24.3 19.5 21.2 18.9 21.5\n" +"\n" +"Data structure write access:\n" +" write_list 27.1 28.5 22.5 21.6 20.0 20.0\n" +" write_deque 28.7 30.1 22.7 21.8 23.5 21.7\n" +" write_dict 31.4 33.3 29.3 29.2 24.7 25.4\n" +" write_strdict 28.4 29.9 27.5 25.2 23.1 24.5\n" +"\n" +"Stack (or queue) operations:\n" +" list_append_pop 93.4 112.7 75.4 74.2 50.8 50.6\n" +" deque_append_pop 43.5 57.0 49.4 49.2 42.5 44.2\n" +" deque_append_popleft 43.7 57.3 49.7 49.7 42.8 46.4\n" +"\n" +"Timing loop:\n" +" loop_overhead 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:843 +msgid "" +"These results were generated from the variable access benchmark script at: " +"``Tools/scripts/var_access_benchmark.py``. The benchmark script displays " +"timings in nanoseconds. The benchmarks were measured on an `Intel® Core™ " +"i7-4960HQ processor " +"`_ running the macOS " +"64-bit builds found at `python.org " +"`_." +msgstr "" +"以上结果是由以下变量访问基准测试脚本所生成的: ``Tools/scripts/var_access_benchmark.py``。 " +"该基准测试脚本以纳秒为单位显示时间。 基准测试数据是在一块 `Intel® Core™ i7-4960HQ 处理器 " +"`_ 运行从 `python.org " +"`_ 获取的 macOS 64 位编译版本所得到的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:853 +msgid "Deprecated" +msgstr "弃用" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:855 +msgid "" +"The distutils ``bdist_msi`` command is now deprecated, use ``bdist_wheel`` " +"(wheel packages) instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in " +":issue:`39586`.)" +msgstr "" +"distutils 的 ``bdist_msi`` 命令现在已被弃用，请改用 ``bdist_wheel`` (wheel 包)。 （由 Hugo " +"van Kemenade 在 :issue:`39586` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:859 +msgid "" +"Currently :func:`math.factorial` accepts :class:`float` instances with non-" +"negative integer values (like ``5.0``). It raises a :exc:`ValueError` for " +"non-integral and negative floats. It is now deprecated. In future Python " +"versions it will raise a :exc:`TypeError` for all floats. (Contributed by " +"Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`37315`.)" +msgstr "" +"目前 :func:`math.factorial` 接受具有非负整数值的 :class:`float` 实例 (如 ``5.0``)。 " +"对于非整数和负浮点数它会引发 :exc:`ValueError`。 此行为现在已被弃用。 在未来的 Python 版本中对所有浮点数都将引发 " +":exc:`TypeError`。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`37315` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:865 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!parser` and :mod:`!symbol` modules are deprecated and will be " +"removed in future versions of Python. For the majority of use cases, users " +"can leverage the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) generation and compilation " +"stage, using the :mod:`ast` module." +msgstr "" +":mod:`!parser` 和 :mod:`!symbol` 模块已被弃用并将在未来的 Python 版本中移除。 对于大多数使用场景，用户都可以使用" +" :mod:`ast` 模块来控制抽象语法树 (AST) 的生成和编译阶段。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:870 +msgid "" +"The Public C API functions :c:func:`!PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags`, " +":c:func:`!PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename`, " +":c:func:`!PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags` and :c:func:`!PyNode_Compile` are " +"deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.10 together with the old parser." +msgstr "" +"公有 C API 函数 :c:func:`!PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags`, " +":c:func:`!PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename`, " +":c:func:`!PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags` 和 :c:func:`!PyNode_Compile` 已被弃用并将在" +" Python 3.10 中与旧的解析器一起被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:875 +msgid "" +"Using :data:`NotImplemented` in a boolean context has been deprecated, as it" +" is almost exclusively the result of incorrect rich comparator " +"implementations. It will be made a :exc:`TypeError` in a future version of " +"Python. (Contributed by Josh Rosenberg in :issue:`35712`.)" +msgstr "" +"在布尔运算中使用 :data:`NotImplemented` 已被弃用，因为它几乎必定是不正确的富比较运算符实现的结果。 它将在未来的 Python " +"版本中引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 （由 Josh Rosenberg 在 :issue:`35712` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:881 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`random` module currently accepts any hashable type as a possible " +"seed value. Unfortunately, some of those types are not guaranteed to have a" +" deterministic hash value. After Python 3.9, the module will restrict its " +"seeds to :const:`None`, :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`str`, " +":class:`bytes`, and :class:`bytearray`." +msgstr "" +":mod:`random` 模块目前接受任何可哈希类型作为可能的种子值。 不幸的是，某些这样的类型并不保证具有确定性的哈希值。 在 Python 3.9" +" 之后，该模块将限定其种子值为 :const:`None`, :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`str`, " +":class:`bytes` 以及 :class:`bytearray`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:887 +msgid "" +"Opening the :class:`~gzip.GzipFile` file for writing without specifying the " +"*mode* argument is deprecated. In future Python versions it will always be " +"opened for reading by default. Specify the *mode* argument for opening it " +"for writing and silencing a warning. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`28286`.)" +msgstr "" +"打开 :class:`~gzip.GzipFile` 文件用于写入而不指定 *mode* 参数的特性已被弃用。 在未来的 Python " +"版本中将总是默认打开用于读取。 在打开文件用于写入时请指定 *mode* 参数以静默相关警告信息。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 " +":issue:`28286` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:893 +msgid "" +"Deprecated the ``split()`` method of :class:`!_tkinter.TkappType` in favour " +"of the ``splitlist()`` method which has more consistent and predictable " +"behavior. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`38371`.)" +msgstr "" +"弃用了 :class:`!_tkinter.TkappType` 的 ``split()`` 方法而改用 ``splitlist()`` " +"方法，它具有更为稳定并且可预测的行为。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`38371` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:898 +msgid "" +"The explicit passing of coroutine objects to :func:`asyncio.wait` has been " +"deprecated and will be removed in version 3.11. (Contributed by Yury " +"Selivanov and Kyle Stanley in :issue:`34790`.)" +msgstr "" +"将协程对象显式传递给 :func:`asyncio.wait` 的做法已被弃用并且将在 3.11 版中被移除。 （由 Yury Selivanov 和 " +"Kyle Stanley 在 :issue:`34790` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:902 +msgid "" +"binhex4 and hexbin4 standards are now deprecated. The :mod:`!binhex` module " +"and the following :mod:`binascii` functions are now deprecated:" +msgstr "" +"binhex4 和 hexbin4 标准现已被弃用。 :mod:`!binhex` 模块和下列 :mod:`binascii` 函数现已被弃用：" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:905 +msgid ":func:`!b2a_hqx`, :func:`!a2b_hqx`" +msgstr ":func:`!b2a_hqx`, :func:`!a2b_hqx`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:906 +msgid ":func:`!rlecode_hqx`, :func:`!rledecode_hqx`" +msgstr ":func:`!rlecode_hqx`, :func:`!rledecode_hqx`" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:908 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39353`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39353` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:910 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast` classes ``slice``, ``Index`` and ``ExtSlice`` are considered " +"deprecated and will be removed in future Python versions. ``value`` itself " +"should be used instead of ``Index(value)``. ``Tuple(slices, Load())`` " +"should be used instead of ``ExtSlice(slices)``. (Contributed by Serhiy " +"Storchaka in :issue:`34822`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast` 类 ``slice``, ``Index`` 和 ``ExtSlice`` 被视为已弃用并将在未来的 Python 版本中被移除。" +" 应当使用 ``value`` 本身而不再是 ``Index(value)``。 应当使用 ``Tuple(slices, Load())`` 而不再是" +" ``ExtSlice(slices)``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`34822` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:916 +msgid "" +":mod:`ast` classes ``Suite``, ``Param``, ``AugLoad`` and ``AugStore`` are " +"considered deprecated and will be removed in future Python versions. They " +"were not generated by the parser and not accepted by the code generator in " +"Python 3. (Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in :issue:`39639` and " +":issue:`39969` and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`39988`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`ast` 类 ``Suite``, ``Param``, ``AugLoad`` 和 ``AugStore`` 被视为已弃用并将在未来的 " +"Python 版本中被移除。 它们不会被解析器所生成且不会被 Python 3 中的代码生成器所接受。 （由 Batuhan Taskaya 在 " +":issue:`39639` 和 :issue:`39969` 中以及 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`39988` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:923 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` and :c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` " +"functions are now deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.11. Calling " +":c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` now does nothing. The :term:`GIL` is " +"initialized by :c:func:`Py_Initialize` since Python 3.7. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`39877`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` 和 :c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized` " +"函数现已被弃用并将在 Python 3.11 中移除。 现在调用 :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` 将没有任何效果。 自 " +"Python 3.7 起 :term:`GIL` 会由 :c:func:`Py_Initialize` 初始化。（由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`39877` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:929 +msgid "" +"Passing ``None`` as the first argument to the :func:`shlex.split` function " +"has been deprecated. (Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`33262`.)" +msgstr "" +"传入 ``None`` 作为 :func:`shlex.split` 函数的第一个参数的做法已被弃用。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 " +":issue:`33262` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:932 +msgid "" +":func:`!smtpd.MailmanProxy` is now deprecated as it is unusable without an " +"external module, ``mailman``. (Contributed by Samuel Colvin in " +":issue:`35800`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!smtpd.MailmanProxy` 现在已被弃用，因为它在没有外部模块 ``mailman`` 的情况下无法使用。 （由 " +"Samuel Colvin 在 :issue:`35800` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:935 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`!lib2to3` module now emits a :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`. " +"Python 3.9 switched to a PEG parser (see :pep:`617`), and Python 3.10 may " +"include new language syntax that is not parsable by lib2to3's LL(1) parser. " +"The :mod:`!lib2to3` module may be removed from the standard library in a " +"future Python version. Consider third-party alternatives such as `LibCST`_ " +"or `parso`_. (Contributed by Carl Meyer in :issue:`40360`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :mod:`!lib2to3` 模块将发出 :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`。 Python 3.9 已切换到 " +"PEG 解析器 (参见 :pep:`617`)，而 Python 3.10 会包括 lib2to3 的 LL(1) 解析器无法解析的新语法。 " +":mod:`!lib2to3` 模块可能在未来的 Python 版本中被移出标准库。 请考虑使用第三方替代库例如 `LibCST`_ 或 " +"`parso`_。 （由 Carl Meyer 在 :issue:`40360` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:943 +msgid "" +"The *random* parameter of :func:`random.shuffle` has been deprecated. " +"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`40465`)" +msgstr "" +":func:`random.shuffle` 的 *random* 形参已被弃用。 （由 Raymond Hettinger 在 " +":issue:`40465` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:952 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1407 +msgid "Removed" +msgstr "移除" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:954 +msgid "" +"The erroneous version at :data:`!unittest.mock.__version__` has been " +"removed." +msgstr ":data:`!unittest.mock.__version__` 上的错误版本已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:956 +msgid "" +":class:`!nntplib.NNTP`: ``xpath()`` and ``xgtitle()`` methods have been " +"removed. These methods are deprecated since Python 3.3. Generally, these " +"extensions are not supported or not enabled by NNTP server administrators. " +"For ``xgtitle()``, please use :meth:`!nntplib.NNTP.descriptions` or " +":meth:`!nntplib.NNTP.description` instead. (Contributed by Donghee Na in " +":issue:`39366`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`!nntplib.NNTP`: ``xpath()`` 和 ``xgtitle()`` 方法已被移除。 这些方法自 Python 3.3" +" 起已被弃用。 一般来说，这些扩展都不再为 NNTP 服务管理程序所支持或启用。 对于 ``xgtitle()``，请改用 " +":meth:`!nntplib.NNTP.descriptions` 或 :meth:`!nntplib.NNTP.description`。 （由 " +"Donghee Na 在 :issue:`39366` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:963 +msgid "" +":class:`array.array`: ``tostring()`` and ``fromstring()`` methods have been " +"removed. They were aliases to ``tobytes()`` and ``frombytes()``, deprecated " +"since Python 3.2. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`38916`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`array.array`: ``tostring()`` 和 ``fromstring()`` 方法已被移除。 它们分别是 " +"``tobytes()`` 和 ``frombytes()`` 的别名，自 Python 3.2 起已被弃用。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`38916` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:968 +msgid "" +"The undocumented ``sys.callstats()`` function has been removed. Since Python" +" 3.7, it was deprecated and always returned :const:`None`. It required a " +"special build option ``CALL_PROFILE`` which was already removed in Python " +"3.7. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37414`.)" +msgstr "" +"未写入文档的 ``sys.callstats()`` 函数已被移除。 自 Python 3.7 起它就已被弃用并且总是会返回 " +":const:`None`。 它需要一个特殊的构建选项 ``CALL_PROFILE`` 而该选项在 Python 3.7 中已被移除。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37414` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:973 +msgid "" +"The ``sys.getcheckinterval()`` and ``sys.setcheckinterval()`` functions have" +" been removed. They were deprecated since Python 3.2. Use " +":func:`sys.getswitchinterval` and :func:`sys.setswitchinterval` instead. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37392`.)" +msgstr "" +"``sys.getcheckinterval()`` 和 ``sys.setcheckinterval()`` 函数已被移除。 它们自 Python " +"3.2 起已被弃用。 请改用 :func:`sys.getswitchinterval` 和 " +":func:`sys.setswitchinterval`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37392` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:978 +msgid "" +"The C function ``PyImport_Cleanup()`` has been removed. It was documented " +"as: \"Empty the module table. For internal use only.\" (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`36710`.)" +msgstr "" +"C 函数 ``PyImport_Cleanup()`` 已被移除。 它原本的文档为: \"清空模块表。 仅限内部使用。\" （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`36710` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:982 +msgid "" +"``_dummy_thread`` and ``dummy_threading`` modules have been removed. These " +"modules were deprecated since Python 3.7 which requires threading support. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37312`.)" +msgstr "" +"``_dummy_thread`` 和 ``dummy_threading`` 模块已被移除。 这些模块自 Python 3.7 " +"起已被弃用，它们需要线程支持。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37312` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:986 +msgid "" +"``aifc.openfp()`` alias to ``aifc.open()``, ``sunau.openfp()`` alias to " +"``sunau.open()``, and ``wave.openfp()`` alias to :func:`wave.open` have been" +" removed. They were deprecated since Python 3.7. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`37320`.)" +msgstr "" +"``aifc.openfp()`` alias to ``aifc.open()``, ``sunau.openfp()`` alias to " +"``sunau.open()``, and ``wave.openfp()`` alias to :func:`wave.open` have been" +" removed. They were deprecated since Python 3.7. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`37320`.)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:991 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!isAlive` method of :class:`threading.Thread` has been removed. " +"It was deprecated since Python 3.8. Use :meth:`~threading.Thread.is_alive` " +"instead. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`37804`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`threading.Thread` 的 :meth:`!isAlive` 方法已被移除。 它自 Python 3.8 起即已被弃用。 " +"请改用 :meth:`~threading.Thread.is_alive`。 （由 Donghee Na 在 :issue:`37804` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:996 +msgid "" +"Methods ``getchildren()`` and ``getiterator()`` of classes " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` and " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` in the :mod:`~xml.etree.ElementTree`" +" module have been removed. They were deprecated in Python 3.2. Use " +"``iter(x)`` or ``list(x)`` instead of ``x.getchildren()`` and ``x.iter()`` " +"or ``list(x.iter())`` instead of ``x.getiterator()``. (Contributed by Serhiy" +" Storchaka in :issue:`36543`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`~xml.etree.ElementTree` 模块中 " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` 和 " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` 等类的 ``getchildren()`` 和 " +"``getiterator()`` 方法已被移除。 它们在 Python 3.2 中已被弃用。 请使用 ``iter(x)`` 或 " +"``list(x)`` 替代 ``x.getchildren()`` 并用 ``x.iter()`` 或 ``list(x.iter())`` 替代 " +"``x.getiterator()``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`36543` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1004 +msgid "" +"The old :mod:`plistlib` API has been removed, it was deprecated since Python" +" 3.4. Use the :func:`~plistlib.load`, :func:`~plistlib.loads`, " +":func:`~plistlib.dump`, and :func:`~plistlib.dumps` functions. Additionally," +" the *use_builtin_types* parameter was removed, standard :class:`bytes` " +"objects are always used instead. (Contributed by Jon Janzen in " +":issue:`36409`.)" +msgstr "" +"旧的 :mod:`plistlib` API 已被移除，它自 Python 3.4 起已被弃用。 请使用 :func:`~plistlib.load`," +" :func:`~plistlib.loads`, :func:`~plistlib.dump` 和 :func:`~plistlib.dumps` " +"等函数。 此外，*use_builtin_types* 形参已被移除而总是会使用 :class:`bytes` 对象。 （由 Jon Janzen 在 " +":issue:`36409` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1010 +msgid "" +"The C function ``PyGen_NeedsFinalizing`` has been removed. It was not " +"documented, tested, or used anywhere within CPython after the implementation" +" of :pep:`442`. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye. (Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye " +"in :issue:`15088`)" +msgstr "" +"C 函数 ``PyGen_NeedsFinalizing`` 已被移除。 它未被写入文档、未经测试，且自 :pep:`442` 实现之后未在 " +"CPython 的任何地方被使用。 由 Joannah Nanjekye 提供补丁。 （由 Joannah Nanjekye 在 " +":issue:`15088` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1015 +msgid "" +"``base64.encodestring()`` and ``base64.decodestring()``, aliases deprecated " +"since Python 3.1, have been removed: use :func:`base64.encodebytes` and " +":func:`base64.decodebytes` instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`39351`.)" +msgstr "" +"自 Python 3.1 起被弃用的别名 ``base64.encodestring()`` 和 ``base64.decodestring()`` " +"已被移除：请改用 :func:`base64.encodebytes` 和 :func:`base64.decodebytes`。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`39351` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1020 +msgid "" +"``fractions.gcd()`` function has been removed, it was deprecated since " +"Python 3.5 (:issue:`22486`): use :func:`math.gcd` instead. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`39350`.)" +msgstr "" +"``fractions.gcd()`` 函数已被移除，它自 Python 3.5 起被弃用 (:issue:`22486`)：请改用 " +":func:`math.gcd`。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39350` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1024 +msgid "" +"The *buffering* parameter of :class:`bz2.BZ2File` has been removed. Since " +"Python 3.0, it was ignored and using it emitted a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`." +" Pass an open file object to control how the file is opened. (Contributed by" +" Victor Stinner in :issue:`39357`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`bz2.BZ2File` 的 *buffering* 形参已被移除。 它自 Python 3.0 起即被忽略，使用它将会引发 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 请传入一个打开文件对象来控制文件的打开方式。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`39357` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1029 +msgid "" +"The *encoding* parameter of :func:`json.loads` has been removed. As of " +"Python 3.1, it was deprecated and ignored; using it has emitted a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` since Python 3.8. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in " +":issue:`39377`)" +msgstr "" +":func:`json.loads` 的 *encoding* 形参已被移除。 它在 Python 3.1 中已被弃用和忽略；自 Python 3.8 " +"起使用它将会引发 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`39377` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1034 +msgid "" +"``with (await asyncio.lock):`` and ``with (yield from asyncio.lock):`` " +"statements are not longer supported, use ``async with lock`` instead. The " +"same is correct for ``asyncio.Condition`` and ``asyncio.Semaphore``. " +"(Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in :issue:`34793`.)" +msgstr "" +"``with (await asyncio.lock):`` 和 ``with (yield from asyncio.lock):`` " +"语句已不再受支持，请改用 ``async with lock``。 ``asyncio.Condition`` 和 " +"``asyncio.Semaphore`` 也同样如此。 （由 Andrew Svetlov 在 :issue:`34793` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1039 +msgid "" +"The :func:`!sys.getcounts` function, the ``-X showalloccount`` command line " +"option and the ``show_alloc_count`` field of the C structure " +":c:type:`PyConfig` have been removed. They required a special Python build " +"by defining ``COUNT_ALLOCS`` macro. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`39489`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`!sys.getcounts` 函数，``-X showalloccount`` 命令行选项以及 C 结构体 " +":c:type:`PyConfig` 的 ``show_alloc_count`` 字段已被移除。 它们需要定义了 ``COUNT_ALLOCS`` " +"宏的 Python 编译版本。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39489` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1045 +msgid "" +"The ``_field_types`` attribute of the :class:`typing.NamedTuple` class has " +"been removed. It was deprecated since Python 3.8. Use the " +"``__annotations__`` attribute instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in " +":issue:`40182`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`typing.NamedTuple` 类的 ``_field_types`` 属性已被移除。 它自 Python 3.8 起已被弃用。 " +"请改用 ``__annotations__`` 属性。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在 :issue:`40182` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1050 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!symtable.SymbolTable.has_exec` method has been removed. It was " +"deprecated since 2006, and only returning ``False`` when it's called. " +"(Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in :issue:`40208`)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!symtable.SymbolTable.has_exec` 方法已被移除。 它自 2006 年起已被弃用，当被调用时只会返回 " +"``False``。 （由 Batuhan Taskaya 在 :issue:`40208` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1054 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`!asyncio.Task.current_task` and :meth:`!asyncio.Task.all_tasks` " +"have been removed. They were deprecated since Python 3.7 and you can use " +":func:`asyncio.current_task` and :func:`asyncio.all_tasks` instead. " +"(Contributed by Rémi Lapeyre in :issue:`40967`)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`!asyncio.Task.current_task` 和 :meth:`!asyncio.Task.all_tasks` 已被移除。 " +"它们自 Python 3.7 起即已被弃用，你可以改用 :func:`asyncio.current_task` 和 " +":func:`asyncio.all_tasks`。 （由 Rémi Lapeyre 在 :issue:`40967` 中贡献。）)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1059 +msgid "" +"The ``unescape()`` method in the :class:`html.parser.HTMLParser` class has " +"been removed (it was deprecated since Python 3.4). :func:`html.unescape` " +"should be used for converting character references to the corresponding " +"unicode characters." +msgstr "" +":class:`html.parser.HTMLParser` 类的 ``unescape()`` 方法已被移除（它自 Python 3.4 " +"起已被弃用）。 应当使用 :func:`html.unescape` 来将字符引用转换为对应的 unicode 字符。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1066 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1333 +msgid "Porting to Python 3.9" +msgstr "移植到 Python 3.9" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1068 +msgid "" +"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " +"require changes to your code." +msgstr "本节列出了先前描述的更改以及可能需要更改代码的其他错误修正." + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1073 +msgid "Changes in the Python API" +msgstr "Python API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1075 +msgid "" +":func:`__import__` and :func:`importlib.util.resolve_name` now raise " +":exc:`ImportError` where it previously raised :exc:`ValueError`. Callers " +"catching the specific exception type and supporting both Python 3.9 and " +"earlier versions will need to catch both using ``except (ImportError, " +"ValueError):``." +msgstr "" +":func:`__import__` 和 :func:`importlib.util.resolve_name` 现在会引发 " +":exc:`ImportError` 取代之前所引发的 :exc:`ValueError`。 捕获特定异常类型并同时支持 Python 3.9 " +"和更早版本的调用者将需要使用 ``except (ImportError, ValueError):`` 来同时捕获两者。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1080 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`venv` activation scripts no longer special-case when " +"``__VENV_PROMPT__`` is set to ``\"\"``." +msgstr ":mod:`venv` 激活脚本不再将 ``__VENV_PROMPT__`` 被设为 ``\"\"`` 的情况作为特例处理。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1083 +msgid "" +"The :meth:`select.epoll.unregister` method no longer ignores the " +":const:`~errno.EBADF` error. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`39239`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`select.epoll.unregister` 方法不会再忽略 :const:`~errno.EBADF` 错误。 （由 Victor " +"Stinner 在 :issue:`39239` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1087 +msgid "" +"The *compresslevel* parameter of :class:`bz2.BZ2File` became keyword-only, " +"since the *buffering* parameter has been removed. (Contributed by Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`39357`.)" +msgstr "" +":class:`bz2.BZ2File` 的 *compresslevel* 形参已成为仅限关键字形参，因为 *buffering* 形参已被移除。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39357` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1091 +msgid "" +"Simplified AST for subscription. Simple indices will be represented by their" +" value, extended slices will be represented as tuples. ``Index(value)`` will" +" return a ``value`` itself, ``ExtSlice(slices)`` will return ``Tuple(slices," +" Load())``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`34822`.)" +msgstr "" +"简化了 AST 的抽取操作。 简单索引将以它们的值来代表，扩展切片将以元组形式来代表。 ``Index(value)`` 将返回 ``value`` " +"本身，``ExtSlice(slices)`` 将返回 ``Tuple(slices, Load())``。 （由 Serhiy Storchaka 在" +" :issue:`34822` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1097 +msgid "" +"The :mod:`importlib` module now ignores the :envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` " +"environment variable when the :option:`-E` or :option:`-I` command line " +"options are being used." +msgstr "" +"当使用了 :option:`-E` 或 :option:`-I` 命令行参数时 :mod:`importlib` 模块现在会忽略 " +":envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` 环境变量。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1101 +msgid "" +"The *encoding* parameter has been added to the classes :class:`ftplib.FTP` " +"and :class:`ftplib.FTP_TLS` as a keyword-only parameter, and the default " +"encoding is changed from Latin-1 to UTF-8 to follow :rfc:`2640`." +msgstr "" +"*encoding* 形参已作为仅限关键字形参被添加到 :class:`ftplib.FTP` 和 :class:`ftplib.FTP_TLS` " +"类，并且默认编码格式由 Latin-1 改为 UTF-8 以遵循 :rfc:`2640`。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1105 +msgid "" +":meth:`asyncio.loop.shutdown_default_executor` has been added to " +":class:`~asyncio.AbstractEventLoop`, meaning alternative event loops that " +"inherit from it should have this method defined. (Contributed by Kyle " +"Stanley in :issue:`34037`.)" +msgstr "" +":meth:`asyncio.loop.shutdown_default_executor` 已被添加到 " +":class:`~asyncio.AbstractEventLoop`，这意味着继承自它的替代事件循环应当定义此方法。 （由 Kyle Stanley " +"在 :issue:`34037` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1110 +msgid "" +"The constant values of future flags in the :mod:`__future__` module is " +"updated in order to prevent collision with compiler flags. Previously " +"``PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` was clashing with ``CO_FUTURE_DIVISION``. " +"(Contributed by Batuhan Taskaya in :issue:`39562`)" +msgstr "" +"更新了 :mod:`__future__` 模块中未来特性旗标的常量值以防止与编译器旗标相冲突。 在之前版本中 " +"``PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` 会与 ``CO_FUTURE_DIVISION`` 发生冲突。 （由 Batuhan " +"Taskaya 在 :issue:`39562` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1115 +msgid "" +"``array('u')`` now uses :c:type:`wchar_t` as C type instead of " +"``Py_UNICODE``. This change doesn't affect to its behavior because " +"``Py_UNICODE`` is alias of :c:type:`wchar_t` since Python 3.3. (Contributed " +"by Inada Naoki in :issue:`34538`.)" +msgstr "" +"``array('u')`` 现在使用 :c:type:`wchar_t` 作为 C 类型而不是 ``Py_UNICODE``。 " +"这一更改不会影响其行为，因为自 Python 3.3 起 ``Py_UNICODE`` 就是 :c:type:`wchar_t` 的别名。 （由 " +"Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`34538` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1120 +msgid "" +"The :func:`logging.getLogger` API now returns the root logger when passed " +"the name ``'root'``, whereas previously it returned a non-root logger named " +"``'root'``. This could affect cases where user code explicitly wants a non-" +"root logger named ``'root'``, or instantiates a logger using " +"``logging.getLogger(__name__)`` in some top-level module called " +"``'root.py'``. (Contributed by Vinay Sajip in :issue:`37742`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :func:`logging.getLogger` API 当传入名称 ``'root'`` 时将返回根日志记录器，而在之前它则返回一个名为 " +"``'root'`` 的非根日志记录器。 这可能会影响到用户代码明确希望使用一个名为 ``'root'`` 的非根日志记录器，或在某个名为 " +"``'root.py'`` 的最高层级模块中使用 ``logging.getLogger(__name__)`` 来实例化日志记录器的情况。 （由 " +"Vinay Sajip 在 :issue:`37742` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1127 +msgid "" +"Division handling of :class:`~pathlib.PurePath` now returns " +":data:`NotImplemented` instead of raising a :exc:`TypeError` when passed " +"something other than an instance of ``str`` or :class:`~pathlib.PurePath`. " +"This allows creating compatible classes that don't inherit from those " +"mentioned types. (Contributed by Roger Aiudi in :issue:`34775`)." +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`~pathlib.PurePath` 的拆分处理在传入 ``str`` 或 :class:`~pathlib.PurePath` " +"的实例以外的对象时将返回 :data:`NotImplemented` 而不是引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 " +"这将允许创建不继承自上述类型的兼容类。 （由 Roger Aiudi 在 :issue:`34775` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1133 +msgid "" +"Starting with Python 3.9.5 the :mod:`ipaddress` module no longer accepts any" +" leading zeros in IPv4 address strings. Leading zeros are ambiguous and " +"interpreted as octal notation by some libraries. For example the legacy " +"function :func:`socket.inet_aton` treats leading zeros as octal notatation. " +"glibc implementation of modern :func:`~socket.inet_pton` does not accept any" +" leading zeros. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`36384`)." +msgstr "" +"从 Python 3.9.5 开始 :mod:`ipaddress` 模块不再接受 IPv4 地址字符串中有任何前缀的零。 " +"前缀的零有歧义且会被某些库解读为八进制数字。 例如旧版函数 :func:`socket.inet_aton` 就瘵前缀的零视为八进制数字。 最新 " +":func:`~socket.inet_pton` 的 glibc 实现则不接受任何前缀的零。 （由 Christian Heimes 在 " +":issue:`36384` 中贡献）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1141 +msgid "" +":func:`codecs.lookup` now normalizes the encoding name the same way as " +":func:`encodings.normalize_encoding`, except that :func:`codecs.lookup` also" +" converts the name to lower case. For example, ``\"latex+latin1\"`` encoding" +" name is now normalized to ``\"latex_latin1\"``. (Contributed by Jordon Xu " +"in :issue:`37751`.)" +msgstr "" +":func:`codecs.lookup` 现在会以与 :func:`encodings.normalize_encoding` " +"相同的方式正规化编码格式名称，不同之处在于 :func:`codecs.lookup` 还会将名称转换为小写形式。 例如 " +"``\"latex+latin1\"`` 编写格式名称现在会被正规化为 ``\"latex_latin1\"``。 （由 Jordon Xu 在 " +":issue:`37751` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1149 +msgid "Changes in the C API" +msgstr "C API 的变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1151 +msgid "" +"Instances of :ref:`heap-allocated types ` (such as those created" +" with :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` and similar APIs) hold a reference to their " +"type object since Python 3.8. As indicated in the \"Changes in the C API\" " +"of Python 3.8, for the vast majority of cases, there should be no side " +"effect but for types that have a custom " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` function, ensure that all custom " +"``tp_traverse`` functions of heap-allocated types visit the object's type." +msgstr "" +"Instances of :ref:`堆分配类型 ` 的实例（例如使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` " +"和类似 API 创建的实例）自 Python 3.8 起会带有一个对其类型对象的引用。 正如 Python 3.8 的 \"C API 的变化\" " +"部分所述，对于大多数情况来说，这应当不会有任何副作用，但对于具有自定义 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse` " +"函数的类型来说，则要确保所有堆分配类型的自定义 ``tp_traverse`` 函数可访问对象的类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1161 +msgid "" +"int\n" +"foo_traverse(foo_struct *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) {\n" +"// Rest of the traverse function\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000\n" +" // This was not needed before Python 3.9 (Python issue 35810 and 40217)\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +"#endif\n" +"}" +msgstr "" +"int\n" +"foo_traverse(foo_struct *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) {\n" +"// 遍历函数的其余部分\n" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000\n" +" // 这在 Python 3.9 之前不需要 (Python 问题报告 35810 和 40217)\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +"#endif\n" +"}" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1172 +msgid "" +"If your traverse function delegates to ``tp_traverse`` of its base class (or" +" another type), ensure that ``Py_TYPE(self)`` is visited only once. Note " +"that only :ref:`heap type ` are expected to visit the type in " +"``tp_traverse``." +msgstr "" +"如果你的遍历函数委托给了其基类（或其他类）的 ``tp_traverse``，则要确保 ``Py_TYPE(self)`` 只被访问一次。 " +"请注意应当只有 :ref:`堆类型 ` 可访问 ``tp_traverse`` 中的类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1177 +msgid "For example, if your ``tp_traverse`` function includes:" +msgstr "举例来说，如果你的 ``tp_traverse`` 函数包括以下内容:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1179 +msgid "base->tp_traverse(self, visit, arg)" +msgstr "base->tp_traverse(self, visit, arg)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1183 +msgid "then add:" +msgstr "则要添加:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1185 +msgid "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000\n" +" // This was not needed before Python 3.9 (bpo-35810 and bpo-40217)\n" +" if (base->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {\n" +" // a heap type's tp_traverse already visited Py_TYPE(self)\n" +" } else {\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +" }\n" +"#else" +msgstr "" +"#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000\n" +" // 这在 Python 3.9 之前是不需要的 (bpo-35810 和 bpo-40217)\n" +" if (base->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {\n" +" // 一个堆类型的 tp_traverse 已经访问了 Py_TYPE(self)\n" +" } else {\n" +" Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));\n" +" }\n" +"#else" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1196 +msgid "(See :issue:`35810` and :issue:`40217` for more information.)" +msgstr "（参阅 :issue:`35810` 和 :issue:`40217` 了解更多信息。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1198 +msgid "" +"The functions ``PyEval_CallObject``, ``PyEval_CallFunction``, " +"``PyEval_CallMethod`` and ``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords`` are deprecated. " +"Use :c:func:`PyObject_Call` and its variants instead. (See more details in " +":issue:`29548`.)" +msgstr "" +"``PyEval_CallObject``, ``PyEval_CallFunction``, ``PyEval_CallMethod`` 和 " +"``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords`` 函数已被弃用。 请改用 :c:func:`PyObject_Call` " +"及其变化形式。 （详情参见 :issue:`29548`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1204 +msgid "CPython bytecode changes" +msgstr "CPython 字节码的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1206 +msgid "" +"The :opcode:`LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR` opcode was added for handling the " +":keyword:`assert` statement. Previously, the assert statement would not work" +" correctly if the :exc:`AssertionError` exception was being shadowed. " +"(Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`34880`.)" +msgstr "" +"添加了 :opcode:`LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR` 操作码用于处理 :keyword:`assert` 语句。 在之前的版本中，如果 " +":exc:`AssertionError` 异常被屏蔽则 assert 语句将不能正常运作。 （由 Zackery Spytz 在 " +":issue:`34880` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1211 +msgid "" +"The :opcode:`COMPARE_OP` opcode was split into four distinct instructions:" +msgstr ":opcode:`COMPARE_OP` 操作码已被拆分为四个单独指令:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1213 +msgid "``COMPARE_OP`` for rich comparisons" +msgstr "``COMPARE_OP`` 用于富比较" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1214 +msgid "``IS_OP`` for 'is' and 'is not' tests" +msgstr "``IS_OP`` 用于 'is' 和 'is not' 检测" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1215 +msgid "``CONTAINS_OP`` for 'in' and 'not in' tests" +msgstr "``CONTAINS_OP`` 用于 'in' 和 'not in' 检测" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1216 +msgid "" +"``JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH`` for checking exceptions in 'try-except' " +"statements." +msgstr "``JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH`` 用于检查 'try-except' 语句中的异常。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1219 +msgid "(Contributed by Mark Shannon in :issue:`39156`.)" +msgstr "（由 Mark Shannon 在 :issue:`39156` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1223 +msgid "Build Changes" +msgstr "构建的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1225 +msgid "" +"Added ``--with-platlibdir`` option to the ``configure`` script: name of the " +"platform-specific library directory, stored in the new " +":data:`sys.platlibdir` attribute. See :data:`sys.platlibdir` attribute for " +"more information. (Contributed by Jan Matějek, Matěj Cepl, Charalampos " +"Stratakis and Victor Stinner in :issue:`1294959`.)" +msgstr "" +"向 ``configure`` 脚本添加了 ``--with-platlibdir`` 选项：平台专属库目录的名称，保存在新的 " +":data:`sys.platlibdir` 属性中。 请参阅 :data:`sys.platlibdir` 属性了解更多信息。 （由 Jan " +"Matějek, Matěj Cepl, Charalampos Stratakis 和 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`1294959` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1231 +msgid "" +"The ``COUNT_ALLOCS`` special build macro has been removed. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`39489`.)" +msgstr "``COUNT_ALLOCS`` 特殊构建宏已被移除。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39489` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1234 +msgid "" +"On non-Windows platforms, the :c:func:`!setenv` and :c:func:`!unsetenv` " +"functions are now required to build Python. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :issue:`39395`.)" +msgstr "" +"在非 Windows 平台上，现在需要用 :c:func:`!setenv` 和 :c:func:`!unsetenv` 函数构建 Python。 （由" +" Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39395` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1238 +msgid "" +"On non-Windows platforms, creating ``bdist_wininst`` installers is now " +"officially unsupported. (See :issue:`10945` for more details.)" +msgstr "" +"在非 Windows 平台上，创建 ``bdist_wininst`` 安装器现在已不受官方支持。 （详情参见 :issue:`10945`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1241 +msgid "" +"When building Python on macOS from source, ``_tkinter`` now links with non-" +"system Tcl and Tk frameworks if they are installed in " +"``/Library/Frameworks``, as had been the case on older releases of macOS. If" +" a macOS SDK is explicitly configured, by using :option:`--enable-" +"universalsdk` or ``-isysroot``, only the SDK itself is searched. The default" +" behavior can still be overridden with ``--with-tcltk-includes`` and " +"``--with-tcltk-libs``. (Contributed by Ned Deily in :issue:`34956`.)" +msgstr "" +"当在 macOS 上用源代码编译 Python 时，``_tkinter`` 现在会链接到非系统的 Tcl 和 Tk 框架，如果它们被安装到 " +"``/Library/Frameworks`` 的话，就如在较旧的 macOS 发行版上的情况一样。 如果通过使用 :option:`--enable-" +"universalsdk` 或 ``-isysroot`` 显式地配置了 macOS SDK，则只会搜索 SDK 本身。 默认行为仍然可以通过 " +"``--with-tcltk-includes`` 和 ``--with-tcltk-libs`` 来覆盖。 （由 Ned Deily 在 " +":issue:`34956` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1250 +msgid "" +"Python can now be built for Windows 10 ARM64. (Contributed by Steve Dower in" +" :issue:`33125`.)" +msgstr "" +"Python 现在可以针对 Windows 10 ARM64 进行编译。 （由 Steve Dower 在 :issue:`33125` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1253 +msgid "" +"Some individual tests are now skipped when ``--pgo`` is used. The tests in " +"question increased the PGO task time significantly and likely didn't help " +"improve optimization of the final executable. This speeds up the task by a " +"factor of about 15x. Running the full unit test suite is slow. This change" +" may result in a slightly less optimized build since not as many code " +"branches will be executed. If you are willing to wait for the much slower " +"build, the old behavior can be restored using ``./configure [..] " +"PROFILE_TASK=\"-m test --pgo-extended\"``. We make no guarantees as to " +"which PGO task set produces a faster build. Users who care should run their" +" own relevant benchmarks as results can depend on the environment, workload," +" and compiler tool chain. (See :issue:`36044` and :issue:`37707` for more " +"details.)" +msgstr "" +"现在当使用 ``--pgo`` 时一些单独的测试会被跳过。 这些测试显著增加了 PGO 任务的时间并且可能无助于提升最终可执行文件的优化程度。 " +"这样能使任务加速大约 15 倍。 运行完整的单元测试是很慢的。 这个改变可能导致优化程序稍差的构建，因为将被执行的代码分支不够多。 " +"如果你愿意等待更缓慢的构建，则可以使用 ``./configure [..] PROFILE_TASK=\"-m test --pgo-" +"extended\"`` 来恢复旧版本的行为。 我们不保证哪个 PGO 任务集能产生更快的构建。 " +"关心此问题的用户应当自行运行相关基准测试，因为结果可能取决于具体环境、工作负载以及编译工具链。 （请参阅 :issue:`36044` 和 " +":issue:`37707` 了解详情。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1268 +msgid "C API Changes" +msgstr "C API 的改变" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1273 +msgid "" +":pep:`573`: Added :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` to associate a module " +"with a class; :c:func:`PyType_GetModule` and :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleState`" +" to retrieve the module and its state; and :c:type:`PyCMethod` and " +":c:macro:`METH_METHOD` to allow a method to access the class it was defined " +"in. (Contributed by Marcel Plch and Petr Viktorin in :issue:`38787`.)" +msgstr "" +":pep:`573`: 添加了 :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` 用于将模块与类关联；添加了 " +":c:func:`PyType_GetModule` 和 :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleState` 用于获取模块及其状态；以及 " +":c:type:`PyCMethod` 和 :c:macro:`METH_METHOD` 用于允许一个方法访问其定义所在的类。 （由 Marcel " +"Plch 和 Petr Viktorin 在 d:issue:`38787` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1280 +msgid "" +"Added :c:func:`PyFrame_GetCode` function: get a frame code. Added " +":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack` function: get the frame next outer frame. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`40421`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetCode` 函数：获取帧代码。 增加了 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack` " +"函数：获取帧的下一个外部帧。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`40421` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1284 +msgid "" +"Added :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` to the limited C API. (Contributed by " +"Victor Stinner in :issue:`40421`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` 添加到受限的 C API。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`40421` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1287 +msgid "" +"Added :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetInterpreter` and " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get` functions to get the interpreter. Added " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` function to get the current frame of a " +"Python thread state. Added :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetID` function: get the " +"unique identifier of a Python thread state. (Contributed by Victor Stinner " +"in :issue:`39947`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetInterpreter` 和 " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get` 函数用于获取解释器。 增加了 " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` 函数用于获取 Python 线程状态的当前帧。 增加了 " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_GetID` 函数：获取 Python 线程状态的唯一标识符。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`39947` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1295 +msgid "" +"Added a new public :c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` function to the C API, " +"which calls a callable Python object without any arguments. It is the most " +"efficient way to call a callable Python object without any argument. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37194`.)" +msgstr "" +"将新的公有 :c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` 函数添加到 C API，该函数可不带任何参数调用一个 Python 可调用对象。" +" 它是不带参数调用 Python 可调用对象最有效率的方式。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37194` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1300 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1418 +msgid "Changes in the limited C API (if ``Py_LIMITED_API`` macro is defined):" +msgstr "受限 C API 中的改变（如果定义了 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 宏）:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1302 +msgid "" +"Provide :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall` and :c:func:`Py_LeaveRecursiveCall` " +"as regular functions for the limited API. Previously, there were defined as " +"macros, but these macros didn't compile with the limited C API which cannot " +"access ``PyThreadState.recursion_depth`` field (the structure is opaque in " +"the limited C API)." +msgstr "" +"提供 :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall` 和 :c:func:`Py_LeaveRecursiveCall` " +"作为常规函数用于受限 API。 在之前版本中是使用宏定义，但这些宏不能与无法访问 ``PyThreadState.recursion_depth`` " +"字段的受限 C API 一同编译（该结构体在受限 C API 中是不透明的）。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1308 +msgid "" +"``PyObject_INIT()`` and ``PyObject_INIT_VAR()`` become regular \"opaque\" " +"function to hide implementation details." +msgstr "``PyObject_INIT()`` 和 ``PyObject_INIT_VAR()`` 已成为常规“不透明”函数以隐藏实现细节。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1311 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1445 +msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`38644` and :issue:`39542`.)" +msgstr "（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`38644` 和 :issue:`39542` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1313 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`PyModule_AddType` function is added to help adding a type to a " +"module. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`40024`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyModule_AddType` 函数以协助将类型加入到模块中。 （由 Donghee Na 在 " +":issue:`40024` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1317 +msgid "" +"Added the functions :c:func:`PyObject_GC_IsTracked` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_IsFinalized` to the public API to allow to query if " +"Python objects are being currently tracked or have been already finalized by" +" the garbage collector respectively. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado " +"in :issue:`40241`.)" +msgstr "" +"将 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_IsTracked` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_IsFinalized` " +"函数添加到公有 API 以允许分别查询 Python 对象当前是正在被追踪还是已经被垃圾回收器所终结。 （由 Pablo Galindo Salgado" +" 在 :issue:`40241` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1323 +msgid "" +"Added :c:func:`!_PyObject_FunctionStr` to get a user-friendly string " +"representation of a function-like object. (Patch by Jeroen Demeyer in " +":issue:`37645`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`!_PyObject_FunctionStr` 以获取函数型对象的用户友好的表示形式。 （由 Jeroen Demeyer 在" +" :issue:`37645` 中修正。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1327 +msgid "" +"Added :c:func:`PyObject_CallOneArg` for calling an object with one " +"positional argument (Patch by Jeroen Demeyer in :issue:`37483`.)" +msgstr "" +"增加了 :c:func:`PyObject_CallOneArg` 用于调用具有一个位置参数的对象（由 Jeroen Demeyer 在 " +":issue:`37483` 中修正。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1335 +msgid "" +"``PyInterpreterState.eval_frame`` (:pep:`523`) now requires a new mandatory " +"*tstate* parameter (``PyThreadState*``). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`38500`.)" +msgstr "" +"``PyInterpreterState.eval_frame`` (:pep:`523`) 现在需要有新的强制性形参 *tstate* " +"(``PyThreadState*``)。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`38500` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1339 +msgid "" +"Extension modules: :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_traverse`, " +":c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_clear` and :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_free` " +"functions of :c:type:`PyModuleDef` are no longer called if the module state " +"was requested but is not allocated yet. This is the case immediately after " +"the module is created and before the module is executed " +"(:c:data:`Py_mod_exec` function). More precisely, these functions are not " +"called if :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_size` is greater than 0 and the module " +"state (as returned by :c:func:`PyModule_GetState`) is ``NULL``." +msgstr "" +"扩展模块: :c:type:`PyModuleDef` 的 :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_traverse`, " +":c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_clear` 和 :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_free` " +"等函数在模块状态被请求但尚未被分配时将不会再被调用。 这种情况出现在模块被创建之后且模块被执行 (:c:data:`Py_mod_exec` 函数) " +"之前的时刻。 更准确地说，这些函数在 :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_size` 大于 0 并且模块状态（即 " +":c:func:`PyModule_GetState` 的返回值）为 ``NULL`` 时将不会被调用。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1348 +msgid "" +"Extension modules without module state (``m_size <= 0``) are not affected." +msgstr "没有模块状态的扩展模块 (``m_size <= 0``) 不会受到影响。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1350 +msgid "" +"If :c:func:`Py_AddPendingCall` is called in a subinterpreter, the function " +"is now scheduled to be called from the subinterpreter, rather than being " +"called from the main interpreter. Each subinterpreter now has its own list " +"of scheduled calls. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39984`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在如果 :c:func:`Py_AddPendingCall` 是在子解释器内部被调用，该函数会被排入子解释器的调用日程，而不是由主解释器调用。 " +"每个子解释器现在都拥有它们自己的调用日程列表。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39984` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1356 +msgid "" +"The Windows registry is no longer used to initialize :data:`sys.path` when " +"the ``-E`` option is used (if :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` is set to" +" ``0``). This is significant when embedding Python on Windows. (Contributed " +"by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`8901`.)" +msgstr "" +"当 ``-E`` 选项被使用 (如果 :c:member:`PyConfig.use_environment` 设为 ``0``) 时将不再使用 " +"Windows 注册表来初始化 :data:`sys.path`。 这会影响在 Windows 上嵌入 Python 的操作。 （由 Zackery " +"Spytz 在 :issue:`8901` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1361 +msgid "" +"The global variable :c:data:`PyStructSequence_UnnamedField` is now a " +"constant and refers to a constant string. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka " +"in :issue:`38650`.)" +msgstr "" +"全局变量 :c:data:`PyStructSequence_UnnamedField` 现在为常量并且指向一个字符串常量。 （由 Serhiy " +"Storchaka 在 :issue:`38650` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1365 +msgid "" +"The :c:type:`!PyGC_Head` structure is now opaque. It is only defined in the " +"internal C API (``pycore_gc.h``). (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`40241`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:type:`!PyGC_Head` 结构体是不透明的。 它只在内部 C API (``pycore_gc.h``) 中定义。 （由 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`40241` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1369 +msgid "" +"The ``Py_UNICODE_COPY``, ``Py_UNICODE_FILL``, ``PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH``, " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicode`, " +"``_PyUnicode_AsUnicode``, and :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize` are " +"marked as deprecated in C. They have been deprecated by :pep:`393` since " +"Python 3.3. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`36346`.)" +msgstr "" +"``Py_UNICODE_COPY``, ``Py_UNICODE_FILL``, ``PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH``, " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_FromUnicode`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicode`, " +"``_PyUnicode_AsUnicode`` 和 :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize` 在 C " +"中已被标记为弃用。 自 Python 3.3 起它们就已被 :pep:`393` 弃用。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`36346`" +" 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1376 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`Py_FatalError` function is replaced with a macro which logs " +"automatically the name of the current function, unless the " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` macro is defined. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`39882`.)" +msgstr "" +":c:func:`Py_FatalError` 函数会被一个自动记录当前函数名称的宏所替代，除非已定义了 ``Py_LIMITED_API`` 宏。 " +"（由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39882` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1381 +msgid "" +"The vectorcall protocol now requires that the caller passes only strings as " +"keyword names. (See :issue:`37540` for more information.)" +msgstr "vectorcall 协议现在要求调用者只传入字符串作为键名。 （请参阅 :issue:`37540` 了解详情。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1384 +msgid "" +"Implementation details of a number of macros and functions are now hidden:" +msgstr "多个宏和函数的实现细节现在已被隐藏:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1386 +msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_IS_GC` macro was converted to a function." +msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_IS_GC` 宏已被转换为函数。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1388 +msgid "" +"The :c:func:`!PyObject_NEW` macro becomes an alias to the " +":c:macro:`PyObject_New` macro, and the :c:func:`!PyObject_NEW_VAR` macro " +"becomes an alias to the :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` macro. They no longer " +"access directly the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` member." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_NEW` 宏已成为 :c:macro:`PyObject_New` 宏的别名，而 " +":c:func:`!PyObject_NEW_VAR` 宏已成为 :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` 宏的别名。 它们不再直接访问 " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` 成员。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1393 +msgid "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR` macro was converted to a function: " +"the macro accessed directly the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` " +"member." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`!PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR` 宏已被转换为函数：该宏会直接访问 " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 成员。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1397 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` macro was converted to a function: the macro " +"accessed directly the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer` member." +msgstr "" +":c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` 宏已被转换为函数：该宏会直接访问 " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer` 成员。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1400 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyIndex_Check` is now always declared as an opaque function to hide" +" implementation details: removed the ``PyIndex_Check()`` macro. The macro " +"accessed directly the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_as_number` member." +msgstr "" +"现在 :c:func:`PyIndex_Check` 总是被声明为不透明函数以隐藏实现细节；``PyIndex_Check()`` 宏已被移除。 " +"该宏会直接访问 :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_as_number` 成员。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1404 +msgid "(See :issue:`40170` for more details.)" +msgstr "（详情请参阅 :issue:`40170`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1409 +msgid "" +"Excluded ``PyFPE_START_PROTECT()`` and ``PyFPE_END_PROTECT()`` macros of " +"``pyfpe.h`` from the limited C API. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in " +":issue:`38835`.)" +msgstr "" +"``pyfpe.h`` 的 ``PyFPE_START_PROTECT()`` 和 ``PyFPE_END_PROTECT()`` 宏已从受限的 C " +"API 中被排除。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`38835` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1413 +msgid "" +"The ``tp_print`` slot of :ref:`PyTypeObject ` has been " +"removed. It was used for printing objects to files in Python 2.7 and before." +" Since Python 3.0, it has been ignored and unused. (Contributed by Jeroen " +"Demeyer in :issue:`36974`.)" +msgstr "" +":ref:`PyTypeObject ` 的 ``tp_print`` 空位已被移除。 它在 Python 2.7 " +"及之前的版本中被用来将对象打印到文件。 自 Python 3.0 起，它已被忽略并且不再使用。 （由 Jeroen Demeyer 在 " +":issue:`36974` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1420 +msgid "Excluded the following functions from the limited C API:" +msgstr "以下函数已从受限 C API 中排除:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1422 +msgid "" +"``PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent()`` (Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye in " +":issue:`37878`.)" +msgstr "" +"``PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent()`` （由 Joannah Nanjekye 在 :issue:`37878` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1424 +msgid "``_Py_CheckRecursionLimit``" +msgstr "``_Py_CheckRecursionLimit``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1425 +msgid "``_Py_NewReference()``" +msgstr "``_Py_NewReference()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1426 +msgid "``_Py_ForgetReference()``" +msgstr "``_Py_ForgetReference()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1427 +msgid "``_PyTraceMalloc_NewReference()``" +msgstr "``_PyTraceMalloc_NewReference()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1428 +msgid "``_Py_GetRefTotal()``" +msgstr "``_Py_GetRefTotal()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1429 +msgid "The trashcan mechanism which never worked in the limited C API." +msgstr "在受限 C API 中从未使用的垃圾箱机制。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1430 +msgid "``PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL``" +msgstr "``PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1431 +msgid "``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN_CONDITION``" +msgstr "``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN_CONDITION``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1432 +msgid "``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN``" +msgstr "``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1433 +msgid "``Py_TRASHCAN_END``" +msgstr "``Py_TRASHCAN_END``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1434 +msgid "``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN``" +msgstr "``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1435 +msgid "``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``" +msgstr "``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1437 +msgid "Moved following functions and definitions to the internal C API:" +msgstr "已将下列函数和定义移至内部 C API:" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1439 +msgid "``_PyDebug_PrintTotalRefs()``" +msgstr "``_PyDebug_PrintTotalRefs()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1440 +msgid "``_Py_PrintReferences()``" +msgstr "``_Py_PrintReferences()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1441 +msgid "``_Py_PrintReferenceAddresses()``" +msgstr "``_Py_PrintReferenceAddresses()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1442 +msgid "``_Py_tracemalloc_config``" +msgstr "``_Py_tracemalloc_config``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1443 +msgid "``_Py_AddToAllObjects()`` (specific to ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` build)" +msgstr "``_Py_AddToAllObjects()`` (``Py_TRACE_REFS`` 构建专属)" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1447 +msgid "" +"Removed ``_PyRuntime.getframe`` hook and removed ``_PyThreadState_GetFrame``" +" macro which was an alias to ``_PyRuntime.getframe``. They were only exposed" +" by the internal C API. Removed also ``PyThreadFrameGetter`` type. " +"(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39946`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``_PyRuntime.getframe`` 钩子并移除了 ``_PyThreadState_GetFrame`` 宏，该宏是 " +"``_PyRuntime.getframe`` 的一个别名。 它们仅由内部 C API 对外公开。 同样地移除了 " +"``PyThreadFrameGetter`` 类型。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`39946` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1452 +msgid "" +"Removed the following functions from the C API. Call :c:func:`PyGC_Collect` " +"explicitly to clear all free lists. (Contributed by Inada Naoki and Victor " +"Stinner in :issue:`37340`, :issue:`38896` and :issue:`40428`.)" +msgstr "" +"从 C API 移除了下列函数。 请显式地调用 :c:func:`PyGC_Collect` 来清空所有自由列表。 （由 Inada Naoki 和 " +"Victor Stinner 在 :issue:`37340`, :issue:`38896` 和 :issue:`40428` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1457 +msgid "``PyAsyncGen_ClearFreeLists()``" +msgstr "``PyAsyncGen_ClearFreeLists()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1458 +msgid "``PyContext_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyContext_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1459 +msgid "``PyDict_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyDict_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1460 +msgid "``PyFloat_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyFloat_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1461 +msgid "``PyFrame_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyFrame_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1462 +msgid "``PyList_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyList_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1463 +msgid "" +"``PyMethod_ClearFreeList()`` and ``PyCFunction_ClearFreeList()``: the free " +"lists of bound method objects have been removed." +msgstr "" +"``PyMethod_ClearFreeList()`` 和 ``PyCFunction_ClearFreeList()``: " +"绑定方法对象的自由列表已被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1465 +msgid "" +"``PySet_ClearFreeList()``: the set free list has been removed in Python 3.4." +msgstr "``PySet_ClearFreeList()``: 集合自由列表已在 Python 3.4 中被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1467 +msgid "``PyTuple_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyTuple_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1468 +msgid "" +"``PyUnicode_ClearFreeList()``: the Unicode free list has been removed in " +"Python 3.3." +msgstr "``PyUnicode_ClearFreeList()``: Unicode 自由列表已在 Python 3.3 中被移除。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1471 +msgid "" +"Removed ``_PyUnicode_ClearStaticStrings()`` function. (Contributed by Victor" +" Stinner in :issue:`39465`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``_PyUnicode_ClearStaticStrings()`` 函数。 （由 Victor Stinner 在 " +":issue:`39465` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1474 +msgid "" +"Removed ``Py_UNICODE_MATCH``. It has been deprecated by :pep:`393`, and " +"broken since Python 3.3. The :c:func:`PyUnicode_Tailmatch` function can be " +"used instead. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`36346`.)" +msgstr "" +"移除了 ``Py_UNICODE_MATCH``。 它已被 :pep:`393` 所弃用，并自 Python 3.3 起不再可用。 可以改用 " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_Tailmatch` 函数。 （由 Inada Naoki 在 :issue:`36346` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1479 +msgid "" +"Cleaned header files of interfaces defined but with no implementation. The " +"public API symbols being removed are: " +"``_PyBytes_InsertThousandsGroupingLocale``, " +"``_PyBytes_InsertThousandsGrouping``, ``_Py_InitializeFromArgs``, " +"``_Py_InitializeFromWideArgs``, ``_PyFloat_Repr``, ``_PyFloat_Digits``, " +"``_PyFloat_DigitsInit``, ``PyFrame_ExtendStack``, ``_PyAIterWrapper_Type``, " +"``PyNullImporter_Type``, ``PyCmpWrapper_Type``, ``PySortWrapper_Type``, " +"``PyNoArgsFunction``. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo Salgado in " +":issue:`39372`.)" +msgstr "" +"清除了已定义但未实现的接口的头文件。 被移除了公共 API 符号有: " +"``_PyBytes_InsertThousandsGroupingLocale``, " +"``_PyBytes_InsertThousandsGrouping``, ``_Py_InitializeFromArgs``, " +"``_Py_InitializeFromWideArgs``, ``_PyFloat_Repr``, ``_PyFloat_Digits``, " +"``_PyFloat_DigitsInit``, ``PyFrame_ExtendStack``, ``_PyAIterWrapper_Type``, " +"``PyNullImporter_Type``, ``PyCmpWrapper_Type``, ``PySortWrapper_Type``, " +"``PyNoArgsFunction``。 （由 Pablo Galindo Salgado 在 :issue:`39372` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1490 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.9.1" +msgstr "Python 3.9.1 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1495 +msgid "" +"The behavior of :class:`typing.Literal` was changed to conform with " +":pep:`586` and to match the behavior of static type checkers specified in " +"the PEP." +msgstr ":class:`typing.Literal` 的行为被改为遵循 :pep:`586` 并匹配该 PEP 所描述的静态类型检查器的行为。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1498 +msgid "``Literal`` now de-duplicates parameters." +msgstr "``Literal`` 现在将是去重复的形参。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1499 +msgid "" +"Equality comparisons between ``Literal`` objects are now order independent." +msgstr "``Literal`` 对象间的相等性比较现在将是顺序无关的。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1500 +msgid "" +"``Literal`` comparisons now respect types. For example, ``Literal[0] == " +"Literal[False]`` previously evaluated to ``True``. It is now ``False``. To" +" support this change, the internally used type cache now supports " +"differentiating types." +msgstr "" +"``Literal`` 比较现在会考虑类型。 例如 ``Literal[0] == Literal[False]`` 之前的结果值为 ``True``。" +" 现在则为 ``False``。 为支持此改变，内部使用的类型缓存现在也支持区分类型。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1504 +msgid "" +"``Literal`` objects will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception during " +"equality comparisons if any of their parameters are not :term:`hashable`. " +"Note that declaring ``Literal`` with mutable parameters will not throw an " +"error::" +msgstr "" +"现在如果有任何一个参数不为 :term:`hashable`，``Literal`` 对象将在相等性比较期间引发 :exc:`TypeError`。 " +"请注意使用可变参数声明 ``Literal`` 将不会抛出异常::" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1509 +msgid "" +">>> from typing import Literal\n" +">>> Literal[{0}]\n" +">>> Literal[{0}] == Literal[{False}]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'" +msgstr "" +">>> from typing import Literal\n" +">>> Literal[{0}]\n" +">>> Literal[{0}] == Literal[{False}]\n" +"Traceback (most recent call last):\n" +" File \"\", line 1, in \n" +"TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1516 +msgid "(Contributed by Yurii Karabas in :issue:`42345`.)" +msgstr "（由 Yurii Karabas 在 :issue:`42345` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1519 +msgid "macOS 11.0 (Big Sur) and Apple Silicon Mac support" +msgstr "macOS 11.0 (Big Sur) 与 Apple Silicon Mac 支持" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1521 +msgid "" +"As of 3.9.1, Python now fully supports building and running on macOS 11.0 " +"(Big Sur) and on Apple Silicon Macs (based on the ``ARM64`` architecture). A" +" new universal build variant, ``universal2``, is now available to natively " +"support both ``ARM64`` and ``Intel 64`` in one set of executables. Binaries " +"can also now be built on current versions of macOS to be deployed on a range" +" of older macOS versions (tested to 10.9) while making some newer OS " +"functions and options conditionally available based on the operating system " +"version in use at runtime (\"weaklinking\")." +msgstr "" +"对于 3.9.1 版来说，Python 现在完全支持在 macOS 11.0 (Big Sur) 和 Apple Silicon Macs (基于 " +"``ARM64`` 架构) 上构建和运行。 现在提供了一个新的通用构建类型 ``universal2``，用于在一组可执行文件上原生支持 " +"``ARM64`` 和 ``Intel 64``。 二进制文件现在也可以在当前版本的 macOS 上编译以部署到多种较旧的 macOS 版本上 (已测试" +" 10.9)，同时会基于运行时所使用的操作系统版本让某些较新的 OS 功能和选项有条件地可用 (\"弱链接\") 。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1530 +msgid "" +"(Contributed by Ronald Oussoren and Lawrence D'Anna in :issue:`41100`.)" +msgstr "（由 Ronald Oussoren 和 Lawrence D'Anna 在 :issue:`41100` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1533 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.9.2" +msgstr "Python 3.9.2 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1536 +msgid "collections.abc" +msgstr "collections.abc" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1538 +msgid "" +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` generic now flattens type parameters, " +"similar to what :data:`typing.Callable` currently does. This means that " +"``collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], str]`` will have ``__args__`` of " +"``(int, str, str)``; previously this was ``([int, str], str)``. To allow " +"this change, :class:`types.GenericAlias` can now be subclassed, and a " +"subclass will be returned when subscripting the " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` type. Code which accesses the arguments " +"via :func:`typing.get_args` or ``__args__`` need to account for this change." +" A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` may be emitted for invalid forms of " +"parameterizing :class:`collections.abc.Callable` which may have passed " +"silently in Python 3.9.1. This :exc:`DeprecationWarning` will become a " +":exc:`TypeError` in Python 3.10. (Contributed by Ken Jin in :issue:`42195`.)" +msgstr "" +"现在 :class:`collections.abc.Callable` 泛型会将类型形参展平，类似于 :data:`typing.Callable` " +"当前所做的那样。 这意味着 ``collections.abc.Callable[[int, str], str]`` 的 ``__args__`` " +"将为 ``(int, str, str)``；之前则为 ``([int, str], str)``。 " +"为了允许这个改变，:class:`types.GenericAlias` 现在可以被子类化，并且在抽取 " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable` 类型时将返回一个子类。 通过 :func:`typing.get_args` 或 " +"``__args__`` 访问参数的代码需要考虑到这个改变。 对于无效的 :class:`collections.abc.Callable` " +"参数化形式可能会发出 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`，这在 Python 3.9.1 中可能会静默地传递。 这个 " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` 将在 Python 3.10 中变为 :exc:`TypeError`。 （由 Ken Jin 在 " +":issue:`42195` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1552 ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1577 +msgid "urllib.parse" +msgstr "urllib.parse" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1554 +msgid "" +"Earlier Python versions allowed using both ``;`` and ``&`` as query " +"parameter separators in :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl`. Due to security concerns, and to conform " +"with newer W3C recommendations, this has been changed to allow only a single" +" separator key, with ``&`` as the default. This change also affects " +":func:`!cgi.parse` and :func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` as they use the affected" +" functions internally. For more details, please see their respective " +"documentation. (Contributed by Adam Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran and Ken Jin" +" in :issue:`42967`.)" +msgstr "" +"较早的 Python 版本允许同时使用 ``;`` 和 ``&`` 作为 :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` 和 " +":func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` 中查询形参的分隔符。 出于安全考虑，并遵循新版的 W3C " +"建议，这已被更改为只允许一种分隔符，默认为 ``&``。 这一改变也会影响 :func:`!cgi.parse` 和 " +":func:`!cgi.parse_multipart` 因为它们在内部使用了受影响的函数。 要了解更多细节，请参阅相应的文档。 （由 Adam " +"Goldschmidt, Senthil Kumaran 和 Ken Jin 在 :issue:`42967` 中贡献。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1565 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.9.3" +msgstr "Python 3.9.3 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1567 +msgid "" +"A security fix alters the :class:`ftplib.FTP` behavior to not trust the IPv4" +" address sent from the remote server when setting up a passive data channel." +" We reuse the ftp server IP address instead. For unusual code requiring " +"the old behavior, set a ``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` attribute on your" +" FTP instance to ``True``. (See :gh:`87451`)" +msgstr "" +"新的安全修正将 :class:`ftplib.FTP` 的行为改成当设置被动数据通道时不信任远程服务器所发送的 IPv4 地址。 我们会改为重用 ftp" +" 服务器的 IP 地址。 对于需要原先的行为的不常见代码，请在你的 FTP 实例上将 " +"``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` 属性设为 ``True``。 （参见 :gh:`87451`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1574 +msgid "Notable changes in Python 3.9.5" +msgstr "Python 3.9.5 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1579 +msgid "" +"The presence of newline or tab characters in parts of a URL allows for some " +"forms of attacks. Following the WHATWG specification that updates " +":rfc:`3986`, ASCII newline ``\\n``, ``\\r`` and tab ``\\t`` characters are " +"stripped from the URL by the parser in :mod:`urllib.parse` preventing such " +"attacks. The removal characters are controlled by a new module level " +"variable ``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE``. (See :gh:`88048`)" +msgstr "" +"在 URL 中存在换行符或制表符可能会导致某种形式的攻击。 根据更新了 :rfc:`3986` 的 WHATWG " +"规范，:mod:`urllib.parse` 中的解析器将从 URL 中去除 ASCII 换行符 ``\\n``, ``\\r`` 和制表符 " +"``\\t`` 以防止这种攻击。 移除的字符将由一个新的模块层级变量 " +"``urllib.parse._UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVE`` 来控制。 （参见 :gh:`88048`。）" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1587 +msgid "Notable security feature in 3.9.14" +msgstr "3.9.14 中的重要安全特性" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1589 +msgid "" +"Converting between :class:`int` and :class:`str` in bases other than 2 " +"(binary), 4, 8 (octal), 16 (hexadecimal), or 32 such as base 10 (decimal) " +"now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the number of digits in string form is " +"above a limit to avoid potential denial of service attacks due to the " +"algorithmic complexity. This is a mitigation for :cve:`2020-10735`. This " +"limit can be configured or disabled by environment variable, command line " +"flag, or :mod:`sys` APIs. See the :ref:`integer string conversion length " +"limitation ` documentation. The default limit is 4300 " +"digits in string form." +msgstr "" +"使用 2 (二进制), 4, 8 (八进制), 16 (十六进制) 或 32 以外的基数例如以 10 (十进制) 为基数在 :class:`int` 和" +" :class:`str` 之间进行转换现在如果字符串表示形式中的位数超过特定限制则会引发 :exc:`ValueError` " +"以避免因算法复杂度导致的拒绝服务攻击风险。 这是对于 :cve:`2020-10735` 的一种缓解方案。 此限制可通过环境变量、命令行旗标或 " +":mod:`sys` API 来配置或者禁用。 参见 :ref:`整数字符串转换长度限制 ` 文档。 " +"字符串形式的默认限制为 4300 位数字。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1600 +msgid "Notable changes in 3.9.17" +msgstr "3.9.17 中的重要变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1603 +msgid "tarfile" +msgstr "tarfile" + +#: ../../whatsnew/3.9.rst:1605 +msgid "" +"The extraction methods in :mod:`tarfile`, and :func:`shutil.unpack_archive`," +" have a new a *filter* argument that allows limiting tar features than may " +"be surprising or dangerous, such as creating files outside the destination " +"directory. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-filter` for details. In Python 3.12," +" use without the *filter* argument will show a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In" +" Python 3.14, the default will switch to ``'data'``. (Contributed by Petr " +"Viktorin in :pep:`706`.)" +msgstr "" +":mod:`tarfile` 中的提取方法和 :func:`shutil.unpack_archive` 都新增了 *filter* " +"参数以允许限制可能令人意外或危险的 tar 特性，例如在目标目录之外创建文件。 相关细节参见 :ref:`tarfile-extraction-" +"filter`。 在 Python 3.12 中，不带 *filter* 参数的用法将显示 :exc:`DeprecationWarning`。 在 " +"Python 3.14 中，默认值将切换为 ``'data'``。 （由 Petr Viktorin 在 :pep:`706` 中贡献。）" diff --git a/whatsnew/changelog.po b/whatsnew/changelog.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8725a7a17 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/changelog.po @@ -0,0 +1,76609 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# emrich , 2024 +# Rafael Fontenelle , 2024 +# cdarlint , 2024 +# ProgramRipper, 2024 +# Shengjing Zhu , 2024 +# Jack Wu , 2024 +# Xiao Wang , 2024 +# Claude Manchester , 2024 +# isaced , 2024 +# ww song , 2024 +# ppcfish , 2024 +# Dai Xu , 2024 +# Freesand Leo , 2025 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-04-18 14:18+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2025\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/changelog.rst:7 +msgid "Changelog" +msgstr "更新日志" + +#: ../NEWS:3 +msgid "Python next" +msgstr "Python 下一版" + +#: ../NEWS:5 +msgid "*Release date: XXXX-XX-XX*" +msgstr "*发布日期: XXXX-XX-XX*" + +#: ../NEWS:8 ../NEWS:142 ../NEWS:521 ../NEWS:886 ../NEWS:1563 ../NEWS:1745 +#: ../NEWS:2004 ../NEWS:2117 ../NEWS:2357 ../NEWS:2602 ../NEWS:3030 +#: ../NEWS:3584 ../NEWS:4040 ../NEWS:4526 ../NEWS:5132 ../NEWS:6019 +#: ../NEWS:7144 ../NEWS:9196 ../NEWS:9948 ../NEWS:10260 ../NEWS:10554 +#: ../NEWS:10847 ../NEWS:11245 ../NEWS:11671 ../NEWS:12586 ../NEWS:14355 +#: ../NEWS:15026 ../NEWS:15665 ../NEWS:16059 ../NEWS:16478 ../NEWS:16891 +#: ../NEWS:17356 ../NEWS:18320 ../NEWS:19864 ../NEWS:20496 ../NEWS:20879 +#: ../NEWS:21103 ../NEWS:21377 ../NEWS:21774 ../NEWS:22329 ../NEWS:22949 +#: ../NEWS:23821 ../NEWS:24209 ../NEWS:24696 ../NEWS:25156 ../NEWS:25518 +#: ../NEWS:25864 ../NEWS:26520 ../NEWS:28286 ../NEWS:28953 ../NEWS:29496 +#: ../NEWS:29791 ../NEWS:30542 ../NEWS:32950 ../NEWS:32983 ../NEWS:33111 +#: ../NEWS:33319 ../NEWS:33510 ../NEWS:33715 ../NEWS:34013 ../NEWS:34334 +#: ../NEWS:34659 ../NEWS:35249 ../NEWS:35909 ../NEWS:37579 ../NEWS:37925 +#: ../NEWS:38291 ../NEWS:38615 ../NEWS:38718 ../NEWS:39181 ../NEWS:39568 +#: ../NEWS:39871 ../NEWS:39953 ../NEWS:40056 ../NEWS:40226 ../NEWS:40561 +#: ../NEWS:40979 ../NEWS:41197 ../NEWS:41434 ../NEWS:41971 ../NEWS:42998 +#: ../NEWS:43016 ../NEWS:43104 ../NEWS:43585 ../NEWS:44300 ../NEWS:44964 +#: ../NEWS:45402 ../NEWS:45429 ../NEWS:45467 ../NEWS:45487 ../NEWS:45594 +#: ../NEWS:45688 ../NEWS:45784 ../NEWS:45859 ../NEWS:46117 ../NEWS:46340 +#: ../NEWS:46513 ../NEWS:46871 +msgid "Library" +msgstr "库" + +#: ../NEWS:10 +msgid "" +":gh:`132429`: Fix support of Bluetooth sockets on NetBSD and DragonFly BSD." +msgstr ":gh:`132429`: 修复了 NetBSD 和 DragonFly BSD 上对蓝牙套接字的支持。" + +#: ../NEWS:12 +msgid "" +":gh:`132106`: :meth:`QueueListener.start " +"` now raises a :exc:`RuntimeError` if " +"the listener is already started." +msgstr "" +":gh:`132106`: 现在当监听器已启动时 :meth:`QueueListener.start " +"` 将会引发 :exc:`RuntimeError`。" + +#: ../NEWS:16 +msgid "" +":gh:`132417`: Fix a ``NULL`` pointer dereference when a C function called " +"using :mod:`ctypes` with ``restype`` :class:`~ctypes.py_object` returns " +"``NULL``." +msgstr "" +":gh:`132417`: 修复了当使用 :mod:`ctypes` 调用 C 函数且 ``restype`` " +":class:`~ctypes.py_object` 返回 ``NULL`` 时的 ``NULL`` 指针解引用问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:20 +msgid "" +":gh:`132250`: Fixed the :exc:`SystemError` in :mod:`cProfile` when locating " +"the actual C function of a method raises an exception." +msgstr "" +":gh:`132250`: 修复了 :mod:`cProfile` 中当定位一个方法对应的具体 C 函数时引发异常的所使用的 " +":exc:`SystemError` 的问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:23 +msgid "" +":gh:`132063`: Prevent exceptions that evaluate as falsey (namely, when their" +" ``__bool__`` method returns ``False`` or their ``__len__`` method returns " +"0) from being ignored by :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` and" +" :class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`132063`: 避免求值为假的异常 (比如，当其 ``__bool__`` 方法返回 ``False`` 或其 ``__len__`` " +"方法返回 0）被 :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` 和 " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` 忽略。" + +#: ../NEWS:28 +msgid "" +":gh:`131434`: Improve error reporting for incorrect format in " +":func:`time.strptime`." +msgstr ":gh:`131434`: 改进了针对 :func:`time.strptime` 中不正确格式的错误报告。" + +#: ../NEWS:31 +msgid ":gh:`131127`: Systems using LibreSSL now successfully build." +msgstr ":gh:`131127`: 使用 LibreSSL 的系统现在将能成功地构建。" + +#: ../NEWS:33 +msgid "" +":gh:`114713`: Handle case of an empty string passed to " +":class:`zoneinfo.ZoneInfo`." +msgstr ":gh:`114713`: 处理将一个空字符串传给 :class:`zoneinfo.ZoneInfo` 的情况。" + +#: ../NEWS:36 +msgid "" +":gh:`130941`: Fix :class:`configparser.ConfigParser` parsing empty " +"interpolation with ``allow_no_value`` set to ``True``." +msgstr "" +":gh:`130941`: 修复了当 ``allow_no_value`` 设为 ``True`` 时 " +":class:`configparser.ConfigParser` 解析空插值的问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:39 +msgid "" +":gh:`130631`: :func:`!http.cookiejar.join_header_words` is now more similar " +"to the original Perl version. It now quotes the same set of characters and " +"always quote values that end with ``\"\\n\"``." +msgstr "" +":gh:`130631`: 现在 :func:`!http.cookiejar.join_header_words` 将更类似于原始的 Perl 版本。" +" 它现在会为相同的字符集加引号并且总是会为以 ``\"\\n\"`` 结尾的值加引号。" + +#: ../NEWS:44 ../NEWS:322 ../NEWS:723 ../NEWS:1380 ../NEWS:1525 ../NEWS:1639 +#: ../NEWS:1862 ../NEWS:2054 ../NEWS:2186 ../NEWS:2285 ../NEWS:2538 +#: ../NEWS:2837 ../NEWS:3473 ../NEWS:3981 ../NEWS:4416 ../NEWS:4973 +#: ../NEWS:5847 ../NEWS:6508 ../NEWS:8980 ../NEWS:9874 ../NEWS:10180 +#: ../NEWS:10489 ../NEWS:10738 ../NEWS:11176 ../NEWS:11517 ../NEWS:11970 +#: ../NEWS:14159 ../NEWS:14907 ../NEWS:15508 ../NEWS:15949 ../NEWS:16331 +#: ../NEWS:16765 ../NEWS:17247 ../NEWS:17800 ../NEWS:19733 ../NEWS:20404 +#: ../NEWS:20814 ../NEWS:21047 ../NEWS:21304 ../NEWS:21672 ../NEWS:22249 +#: ../NEWS:22609 ../NEWS:23763 ../NEWS:24125 ../NEWS:24569 ../NEWS:25079 +#: ../NEWS:25420 ../NEWS:25787 ../NEWS:26203 ../NEWS:28122 ../NEWS:28883 +#: ../NEWS:29421 ../NEWS:29727 ../NEWS:29988 ../NEWS:32968 ../NEWS:33080 +#: ../NEWS:33293 ../NEWS:33484 ../NEWS:33694 ../NEWS:33938 ../NEWS:34257 +#: ../NEWS:34561 ../NEWS:35161 ../NEWS:35450 ../NEWS:37542 ../NEWS:37879 +#: ../NEWS:38196 ../NEWS:38645 ../NEWS:39134 ../NEWS:39476 ../NEWS:39500 +#: ../NEWS:39824 ../NEWS:39854 ../NEWS:39918 ../NEWS:40032 ../NEWS:40156 +#: ../NEWS:40424 ../NEWS:40933 ../NEWS:41180 ../NEWS:41394 ../NEWS:41686 +#: ../NEWS:42992 ../NEWS:43053 ../NEWS:43454 ../NEWS:44127 ../NEWS:44170 +#: ../NEWS:44878 ../NEWS:44896 ../NEWS:45419 ../NEWS:45454 ../NEWS:45482 +#: ../NEWS:45574 ../NEWS:45661 ../NEWS:45766 ../NEWS:45809 ../NEWS:46085 +#: ../NEWS:46320 ../NEWS:46506 ../NEWS:46645 +msgid "Core and Builtins" +msgstr "核心与内置函数" + +#: ../NEWS:46 +msgid "" +":gh:`124476`: Fix decoding from the locale encoding in the C.UTF-8 locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48 +msgid "" +":gh:`131927`: Compiler warnings originating from the same module and line " +"number are now only emitted once, matching the behaviour of warnings emitted" +" from user code. This can also be configured with :mod:`warnings` filters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:53 +msgid "" +":gh:`130070`: Fixed an assertion error for :func:`exec` passed a string " +"``source`` and a non-``None`` ``closure``. Patch by Bartosz Sławecki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:57 ../NEWS:428 ../NEWS:793 ../NEWS:1494 ../NEWS:1689 ../NEWS:1953 +#: ../NEWS:2087 ../NEWS:2257 ../NEWS:2476 ../NEWS:2746 ../NEWS:3365 +#: ../NEWS:3854 ../NEWS:4323 ../NEWS:4844 ../NEWS:5689 ../NEWS:6275 +#: ../NEWS:8453 ../NEWS:9718 ../NEWS:10125 ../NEWS:10402 ../NEWS:10672 +#: ../NEWS:11084 ../NEWS:11418 ../NEWS:11829 ../NEWS:13712 ../NEWS:14805 +#: ../NEWS:15381 ../NEWS:15868 ../NEWS:16238 ../NEWS:16674 ../NEWS:17077 +#: ../NEWS:17607 ../NEWS:19390 ../NEWS:20247 ../NEWS:20687 ../NEWS:20958 +#: ../NEWS:21232 ../NEWS:21597 ../NEWS:22056 ../NEWS:22512 ../NEWS:23528 +#: ../NEWS:24008 ../NEWS:24466 ../NEWS:24919 ../NEWS:25322 ../NEWS:25724 +#: ../NEWS:26095 ../NEWS:27645 ../NEWS:28762 ../NEWS:29233 ../NEWS:29649 +#: ../NEWS:32380 ../NEWS:33036 ../NEWS:33258 ../NEWS:33409 ../NEWS:33629 +#: ../NEWS:33876 ../NEWS:34205 ../NEWS:35028 ../NEWS:35348 ../NEWS:37059 +#: ../NEWS:37748 ../NEWS:37858 ../NEWS:38093 ../NEWS:38485 ../NEWS:38621 +#: ../NEWS:38882 ../NEWS:39403 ../NEWS:39487 ../NEWS:39778 ../NEWS:39843 +#: ../NEWS:40015 ../NEWS:40133 ../NEWS:40402 ../NEWS:40857 ../NEWS:41143 +#: ../NEWS:41331 ../NEWS:41644 ../NEWS:42840 ../NEWS:43395 ../NEWS:44057 +#: ../NEWS:44778 ../NEWS:45330 ../NEWS:45390 ../NEWS:45407 ../NEWS:45649 +#: ../NEWS:45754 ../NEWS:46267 ../NEWS:46481 ../NEWS:46616 ../NEWS:48148 +msgid "Build" +msgstr "构建" + +#: ../NEWS:59 +msgid "" +":gh:`132649`: The :file:`PC\\layout` script now allows passing ``--include-" +"tcltk`` on Windows ARM64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:64 +msgid "Python 3.13.3 final" +msgstr "Python 3.13.3 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:66 +msgid "*Release date: 2025-04-08*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2025-04-08*" + +#: ../NEWS:69 ../NEWS:455 ../NEWS:818 ../NEWS:1540 ../NEWS:1704 ../NEWS:3412 +#: ../NEWS:4370 ../NEWS:4881 ../NEWS:5759 ../NEWS:6311 ../NEWS:8590 +#: ../NEWS:9777 ../NEWS:10445 ../NEWS:11125 ../NEWS:11455 ../NEWS:11883 +#: ../NEWS:13923 ../NEWS:14836 ../NEWS:15439 ../NEWS:16292 ../NEWS:16727 +#: ../NEWS:17230 ../NEWS:17676 ../NEWS:19464 ../NEWS:20286 ../NEWS:20986 +#: ../NEWS:21265 ../NEWS:21620 ../NEWS:22089 ../NEWS:22534 ../NEWS:23592 +#: ../NEWS:24030 ../NEWS:24485 ../NEWS:24959 ../NEWS:26112 ../NEWS:27836 +#: ../NEWS:28799 ../NEWS:29347 ../NEWS:32608 ../NEWS:33271 ../NEWS:33431 +#: ../NEWS:33643 ../NEWS:33900 ../NEWS:34231 ../NEWS:35076 ../NEWS:37773 +#: ../NEWS:38124 ../NEWS:38519 +msgid "macOS" +msgstr "macOS" + +#: ../NEWS:71 +msgid ":gh:`124111`: Update macOS installer to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.16." +msgstr ":gh:`124111`: 更新 macOS 安装程序以使用 Tcl/Tk 8.6.16。" + +#: ../NEWS:73 +msgid "" +":gh:`131423`: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.16. Patch by " +"Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr ":gh:`131423`: 更新 macOS 安装程序以使用 OpenSSL 3.0.16.。 由 Bénédikt Tran 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:76 +msgid ":gh:`131025`: Update macOS installer to ship with SQLite 3.49.1." +msgstr ":gh:`131025`: 更新 macOS 安装程序以使用 SQLite 3.49.1。" + +#: ../NEWS:78 +msgid ":gh:`91132`: Update macOS installer to use ncurses 6.5." +msgstr ":gh:`91132`: 更新 macOS 安装程序以使用 ncurses 6.5。" + +#: ../NEWS:81 ../NEWS:461 ../NEWS:823 ../NEWS:1546 ../NEWS:1709 ../NEWS:2769 +#: ../NEWS:3387 ../NEWS:3864 ../NEWS:4349 ../NEWS:4859 ../NEWS:5718 +#: ../NEWS:6299 ../NEWS:8540 ../NEWS:9756 ../NEWS:10133 ../NEWS:10419 +#: ../NEWS:10705 ../NEWS:11102 ../NEWS:11440 ../NEWS:11865 ../NEWS:13826 +#: ../NEWS:14820 ../NEWS:15413 ../NEWS:15898 ../NEWS:16278 ../NEWS:16721 +#: ../NEWS:17205 ../NEWS:17662 ../NEWS:19436 ../NEWS:20256 ../NEWS:20709 +#: ../NEWS:20981 ../NEWS:21258 ../NEWS:22080 ../NEWS:22519 ../NEWS:23549 +#: ../NEWS:24018 ../NEWS:24478 ../NEWS:24936 ../NEWS:25327 ../NEWS:26105 +#: ../NEWS:27717 ../NEWS:28785 ../NEWS:29294 ../NEWS:29663 ../NEWS:29908 +#: ../NEWS:32498 ../NEWS:33043 ../NEWS:33426 ../NEWS:33634 ../NEWS:33881 +#: ../NEWS:34220 ../NEWS:34526 ../NEWS:35061 ../NEWS:37171 ../NEWS:37768 +#: ../NEWS:38099 ../NEWS:38510 ../NEWS:38888 ../NEWS:39459 ../NEWS:39708 +#: ../NEWS:39838 ../NEWS:40128 ../NEWS:40369 ../NEWS:40899 ../NEWS:41131 +#: ../NEWS:41634 ../NEWS:42903 ../NEWS:43408 ../NEWS:44042 ../NEWS:44837 +#: ../NEWS:44884 ../NEWS:45341 ../NEWS:46630 ../NEWS:48444 +msgid "Windows" +msgstr "Windows" + +#: ../NEWS:83 +msgid "" +":gh:`131423`: Update bundled version of OpenSSL to 3.0.16. The new build " +"also disables uplink support, which may be relevant to embedders but has no " +"impact on normal use." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:87 +msgid ":gh:`131025`: Update Windows installer to ship with SQLite 3.49.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:89 +msgid "" +":gh:`131020`: :source:`pylauncher ` correctly detects a BOM " +"when searching for the shebang. Fix by Chris Eibl." +msgstr "" +":gh:`131020`: :source:`pylauncher ` 在搜索 shebang 行时能正确检测 BOM。" +" 由 Chris Eibl 修复。" + +#: ../NEWS:93 ../NEWS:467 ../NEWS:851 ../NEWS:1722 ../NEWS:4381 ../NEWS:4903 +#: ../NEWS:6340 ../NEWS:8605 ../NEWS:9807 ../NEWS:10142 ../NEWS:11133 +#: ../NEWS:11463 ../NEWS:13955 ../NEWS:14841 ../NEWS:15448 ../NEWS:19524 +#: ../NEWS:21630 ../NEWS:22124 ../NEWS:24043 ../NEWS:24505 ../NEWS:24978 +#: ../NEWS:27960 ../NEWS:28823 ../NEWS:29362 ../NEWS:29704 ../NEWS:32827 +#: ../NEWS:33449 ../NEWS:33666 ../NEWS:33926 ../NEWS:34532 ../NEWS:35120 +#: ../NEWS:37435 ../NEWS:37823 ../NEWS:38164 ../NEWS:38587 ../NEWS:39074 +#: ../NEWS:39439 ../NEWS:39833 ../NEWS:39907 ../NEWS:40892 ../NEWS:41353 +#: ../NEWS:41661 ../NEWS:42921 ../NEWS:44030 ../NEWS:44856 ../NEWS:45379 +#: ../NEWS:46066 ../NEWS:46285 ../NEWS:46493 ../NEWS:48405 +msgid "Tools/Demos" +msgstr "工具/示例" + +#: ../NEWS:95 +msgid "" +":gh:`131852`: :program:`msgfmt` no longer adds the ``POT-Creation-Date`` to " +"generated ``.mo`` files for consistency with GNU ``msgfmt``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:98 +msgid "" +":gh:`85012`: Correctly reset ``msgctxt`` when compiling messages in " +":program:`msgfmt`." +msgstr ":gh:`85012`: 在编译 :program:`msgfmt` 中的消息时能正确地重置 ``msgctxt``。" + +#: ../NEWS:101 +msgid "" +":gh:`130025`: The iOS testbed now correctly handles symlinks used as Python " +"framework references." +msgstr ":gh:`130025`: 现在 iOS testbed 可正确地处理被用作 Python 框架引用的符号链接。" + +#: ../NEWS:105 ../NEWS:477 ../NEWS:860 ../NEWS:1558 ../NEWS:1728 ../NEWS:1979 +#: ../NEWS:2099 ../NEWS:2740 ../NEWS:3828 ../NEWS:4291 ../NEWS:4834 +#: ../NEWS:5649 ../NEWS:6241 ../NEWS:8205 ../NEWS:9696 ../NEWS:10115 +#: ../NEWS:10389 ../NEWS:10666 ../NEWS:11072 ../NEWS:11397 ../NEWS:11809 +#: ../NEWS:13590 ../NEWS:14774 ../NEWS:15357 ../NEWS:15846 ../NEWS:16194 +#: ../NEWS:16647 ../NEWS:17055 ../NEWS:17558 ../NEWS:19268 ../NEWS:20224 +#: ../NEWS:20678 ../NEWS:20952 ../NEWS:21222 ../NEWS:21575 ../NEWS:22021 +#: ../NEWS:22496 ../NEWS:23477 ../NEWS:23999 ../NEWS:24440 ../NEWS:24903 +#: ../NEWS:25313 ../NEWS:26040 ../NEWS:27475 ../NEWS:28726 ../NEWS:29179 +#: ../NEWS:29636 ../NEWS:29875 ../NEWS:32213 ../NEWS:33249 ../NEWS:33403 +#: ../NEWS:33619 ../NEWS:33871 ../NEWS:34185 ../NEWS:34517 ../NEWS:35001 +#: ../NEWS:36996 ../NEWS:37740 ../NEWS:37853 ../NEWS:38078 ../NEWS:38468 +#: ../NEWS:38866 ../NEWS:39445 ../NEWS:39756 ../NEWS:40007 ../NEWS:40142 +#: ../NEWS:40413 ../NEWS:40843 ../NEWS:41116 ../NEWS:41370 ../NEWS:41624 +#: ../NEWS:42797 ../NEWS:43357 ../NEWS:44011 ../NEWS:44132 ../NEWS:44755 +#: ../NEWS:45317 ../NEWS:45561 ../NEWS:45738 ../NEWS:46047 ../NEWS:46276 +#: ../NEWS:46486 ../NEWS:48297 +msgid "Tests" +msgstr "测试" + +#: ../NEWS:107 +msgid "" +":gh:`131050`: ``test_ssl.test_dh_params`` is skipped if the underlying TLS " +"library does not support finite-field ephemeral Diffie-Hellman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:110 +msgid "" +":gh:`129200`: Multiple iOS testbed runners can now be started at the same " +"time without introducing an ambiguity over simulator ownership." +msgstr ":gh:`129200`: 多个 iOS testbed 运行器现在可以同时启动而不会导致模拟器所有权的歧义。" + +#: ../NEWS:113 +msgid "" +":gh:`130292`: The iOS testbed will now run successfully on a machine that " +"has not previously run Xcode tests (such as CI configurations)." +msgstr ":gh:`130292`: 现在 iOS testbed 将能在之前未运行过 Xcode 测试（如 CI 配置）的机器上成功运行。" + +#: ../NEWS:116 +msgid "" +":gh:`130293`: The tests of terminal colorization are no longer sensitive to " +"the value of the ``TERM`` variable in the testing environment." +msgstr ":gh:`130293`: 终端彩色测试对于测试环境中的 ``TERM`` 变量将不再敏感。" + +#: ../NEWS:119 +msgid ":gh:`126332`: Add unit tests for pyrepl." +msgstr ":gh:`126332`: 增加了针对 pyrepl 的单元测试。" + +#: ../NEWS:122 ../NEWS:488 ../NEWS:873 ../NEWS:1737 ../NEWS:1989 ../NEWS:2527 +#: ../NEWS:2827 ../NEWS:3964 ../NEWS:4408 ../NEWS:4964 ../NEWS:6483 +#: ../NEWS:8962 ../NEWS:10159 ../NEWS:10480 ../NEWS:11162 ../NEWS:11497 +#: ../NEWS:11932 ../NEWS:14152 ../NEWS:17773 ../NEWS:19677 ../NEWS:20382 +#: ../NEWS:20807 ../NEWS:21041 ../NEWS:21665 ../NEWS:22238 ../NEWS:22588 +#: ../NEWS:23757 ../NEWS:24110 ../NEWS:24562 ../NEWS:25068 ../NEWS:25769 +#: ../NEWS:26154 ../NEWS:28107 ../NEWS:28865 ../NEWS:29409 ../NEWS:29940 +#: ../NEWS:33470 ../NEWS:33688 ../NEWS:35416 ../NEWS:37869 ../NEWS:38636 +#: ../NEWS:39100 ../NEWS:39127 ../NEWS:41171 ../NEWS:41382 ../NEWS:41673 +#: ../NEWS:42969 ../NEWS:43028 ../NEWS:43445 ../NEWS:44148 +msgid "Security" +msgstr "安全性" + +#: ../NEWS:124 +msgid ":gh:`131809`: Update bundled libexpat to 2.7.1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:126 +msgid ":gh:`131261`: Upgrade to libexpat 2.7.0" +msgstr ":gh:`131261`: 更新至 libexpat 2.7.0" + +#: ../NEWS:128 +msgid "" +":gh:`127371`: Avoid unbounded buffering for " +":meth:`!tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile.writelines`. Previously, disk " +"spillover was only checked after the lines iterator had been exhausted. This" +" is now done after each line is written." +msgstr "" +":gh:`127371`: 避免了对 :meth:`!tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile.writelines` 的无限缓冲。 " +"在之前版本中，磁盘溢出仅并在行迭代器已耗尽之后才会被检查。 现在在每行写入之后都会进行。" + +#: ../NEWS:133 +msgid "" +":gh:`121284`: Fix bug in the folding of rfc2047 encoded-words when " +"flattening an email message using a modern email policy. Previously when an " +"encoded-word was too long for a line, it would be decoded, split across " +"lines, and re-encoded. But commas and other special characters in the " +"original text could be left unencoded and unquoted. This could theoretically" +" be used to spoof header lines using a carefully constructed encoded-word if" +" the resulting rendered email was transmitted or re-parsed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:144 +msgid "" +":gh:`132174`: Fix function name in error message of " +"``_interpreters.run_string``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:147 +msgid "" +":gh:`132171`: Fix crash of ``_interpreters.run_string`` on string " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:149 +msgid "" +":gh:`129204`: Introduce new ``_PYTHON_SUBPROCESS_USE_POSIX_SPAWN`` " +"environment variable knob in :mod:`subprocess` to control the use of " +":func:`os.posix_spawn`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:153 +msgid "" +":gh:`132159`: Do not shadow user arguments in generated :meth:`!__new__` by " +"decorator :class:`warnings.deprecated`. Patch by Xuehai Pan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:156 +msgid "" +":gh:`132075`: Fix possible use of :mod:`socket` address structures with " +"uninitialized members. Now all structure members are initialized with zeroes" +" by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:160 +msgid "" +":gh:`132002`: Fix crash when deallocating :class:`contextvars.ContextVar` " +"with weird unahashable string names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:163 +msgid "" +":gh:`131668`: :mod:`socket`: Fix code parsing AF_BLUETOOTH socket addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:165 +msgid "" +":gh:`131492`: Fix a resource leak when constructing a :class:`gzip.GzipFile`" +" with a filename fails, for example when passing an invalid " +"``compresslevel``." +msgstr "" +":gh:`131492`: 修复当构造 :class:`gzip.GzipFile` 发生文件名错误，例如传入无效的 ``compresslevel``" +" 时的资源泄漏问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:169 +msgid "" +":gh:`131325`: Fix sendfile fallback implementation to drain data after " +"writing to transport in :mod:`asyncio`." +msgstr ":gh:`131325`: 修复 :mod:`asyncio` 中 sendfile 回退实现在写入传输后的耗尽数据问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:172 +msgid "" +":gh:`129843`: Fix incorrect argument passing in " +":func:`warnings.warn_explicit`." +msgstr ":gh:`129843`: 修复 :func:`warnings.warn_explicit` 中不正确的参数传递问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:175 +msgid "" +":gh:`131204`: Use monospace font from System Font Stack for cross-platform " +"support in :class:`difflib.HtmlDiff`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`131204`: 在 :class:`difflib.HtmlDiff` 中将使用来自 System Font Stack " +"的等宽字体以提供跨平台支持。for cross-platform support ." + +#: ../NEWS:178 +msgid "" +":gh:`130940`: The ``PyConfig.use_system_logger`` attribute, introduced in " +"Python 3.13.2, has been removed. The introduction of this attribute " +"inadvertently introduced an ABI breakage on macOS and iOS. The use of the " +"system logger is now enabled by default on iOS, and disabled by default on " +"macOS." +msgstr "" +":gh:`130940`: 在 Python 3.13.2 中引入的 ``PyConfig.use_system_logger`` 属性已被移除。 " +"该属性的引入无意中导致破坏了 macOS 和 iOS 上的 ABI。 在 iOS 上现在将默认启用系统日志记录器，而在 macOS 上将默认禁用。" + +#: ../NEWS:184 +msgid "" +":gh:`131045`: Fix issue with ``__contains__``, values, and pseudo-members " +"for :class:`enum.Flag`." +msgstr ":gh:`131045`: 修复 :class:`enum.Flag` 的 ``__contains__``、值以及伪成员问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:187 +msgid "" +":gh:`130959`: Fix pure-Python implementation of " +":func:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` to reject times with spaces in " +"fractional part (for example, ``12:34:56.400 +02:00``), matching the C " +"implementation. Patch by Michał Gorny." +msgstr "" +":gh:`130959`: 修复了 :func:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` 的纯 Python " +"实现以拒绝小数部分带有空格的时间值 (例如 ``12:34:56.400 +02:00``)，以与 C 实现相匹配。 由 Michał Gorny " +"编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:192 +msgid "" +":gh:`130637`: Add validation for numeric response data in poplib.POP3.stat()" +" method" +msgstr ":gh:`130637`: 在 poplib.POP3.stat() 方法中添加对数值响应数据的验证。" + +#: ../NEWS:195 +msgid "" +":gh:`130461`: Remove ``.. index::`` directives from the :mod:`uuid` module " +"documentation. These directives previously created entries in the general " +"index for :func:`~uuid.getnode` as well as the :func:`~uuid.uuid1`, " +":func:`~uuid.uuid3`, :func:`~uuid.uuid4`, and :func:`~uuid.uuid5` " +"constructor functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:201 +msgid "" +":gh:`130379`: The zipapp module now calculates the list of files to be added" +" to the archive before creating the archive. This avoids accidentally " +"including the target when it is being created in the source directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:205 +msgid "" +":gh:`130285`: Fix corner case for :func:`random.sample` allowing the " +"*counts* parameter to specify an empty population. So now, ``sample([], 0, " +"counts=[])`` and ``sample('abc', k=0, counts=[0, 0, 0])`` both give the same" +" result as ``sample([], 0)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:210 +msgid ":gh:`130250`: Fix regression in ``traceback.print_last()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:212 +msgid "" +":gh:`130230`: Fix crash in :func:`pow` with only :class:`~decimal.Decimal` " +"third argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:215 +msgid "" +":gh:`118761`: Reverts a change in the previous release attempting to make " +"some stdlib imports used within the :mod:`subprocess` module lazy as this " +"was causing errors during ``__del__`` finalizers calling methods such as " +"``terminate``, or ``kill``, or ``send_signal``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:220 +msgid "" +":gh:`130164`: Fixed failure to raise :exc:`TypeError` in " +":meth:`inspect.Signature.bind` for positional-only arguments provided by " +"keyword when a variadic keyword argument (e.g. ``**kwargs``) is present." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:224 +msgid "" +":gh:`130151`: Fix reference leaks in :func:`!_hashlib.hmac_new` and " +":func:`!_hashlib.hmac_digest`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:227 +msgid "" +":gh:`130145`: Fix :meth:`!asyncio.AbstractEventloop.run_forever` when " +"another loop is already running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:230 +msgid "" +":gh:`129726`: Fix :class:`gzip.GzipFile` raising an unraisable exception " +"during garbage collection when referring to a temporary object by breaking " +"the reference loop with :mod:`weakref`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:234 +msgid "" +":gh:`127750`: Remove broken :func:`functools.singledispatchmethod` caching " +"introduced in :gh:`85160`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:237 +msgid ":gh:`129583`: Update bundled pip to 25.0.1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:239 +msgid "" +":gh:`97850`: Update the deprecation warning of " +":meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.load_module`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:242 +msgid "" +":gh:`129646`: Update the locale alias mapping in the :mod:`locale` module to" +" match the latest X Org locale alias mapping and support new locales in " +"Glibc 2.41." +msgstr "" +":gh:`129646`: 更新 :mod:`locale` 模块中的语言区域别名映射以匹配最新的 X Org 语言区域别名映射并支持 Glibc " +"2.41 中的新增语言区域。" + +#: ../NEWS:246 +msgid "" +":gh:`129603`: Fix bugs where :class:`sqlite3.Row` objects could segfault if " +"their inherited :attr:`~sqlite3.Cursor.description` was set to ``None``. " +"Patch by Erlend Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:250 +msgid "" +":gh:`128231`: Execution of multiple statements in the new REPL now stops " +"immediately upon the first exception encountered. Patch by Bartosz Sławecki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:254 +msgid "" +":gh:`117779`: Fix reading duplicated entries in :mod:`zipfile` by name. " +"Reading duplicated entries (except the last one) by ``ZipInfo`` now emits a " +"warning instead of raising an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:258 +msgid "" +":gh:`128772`: Fix :mod:`pydoc` for methods with the ``__module__`` attribute" +" equal to ``None``." +msgstr ":gh:`128772`: 针对 ``__module__`` 属性等于 ``None`` 的方法修正 :mod:`pydoc`。" + +#: ../NEWS:261 +msgid "" +":gh:`92897`: Scheduled the deprecation of the ``check_home`` argument of " +":func:`sysconfig.is_python_build` to Python 3.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:264 +msgid "" +":gh:`128657`: Fix possible extra reference when using objects returned by " +":func:`hashlib.sha256` under :term:`free threading`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:267 +msgid "" +":gh:`128703`: Fix :func:`mimetypes.guess_type` to use default mapping for " +"empty ``Content-Type`` in registry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:270 +msgid "" +":gh:`128308`: Support the *name* keyword argument for eager tasks in " +":func:`asyncio.loop.create_task`, :func:`asyncio.create_task` and " +":func:`asyncio.TaskGroup.create_task`, by passing on all *kwargs* to the " +"task factory set by :func:`asyncio.loop.set_task_factory`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:275 +msgid "" +":gh:`128388`: Fix ``PyREPL`` on Windows to support more keybindings, like " +"the :kbd:`Control-←` and :kbd:`Control-→` word-skipping keybindings and " +"those with meta (i.e. :kbd:`Alt`), e.g. :kbd:`Alt-d` to ``kill-word`` or " +":kbd:`Alt-Backspace` ``backward-kill-word``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:280 +msgid "" +":gh:`126037`: :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Fix a crash in " +":meth:`Element.find `, " +":meth:`Element.findtext ` and " +":meth:`Element.findall ` when the tag" +" to find implements an :meth:`~object.__eq__` method mutating the element " +"being queried. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:287 +msgid "" +":gh:`127712`: Fix handling of the ``secure`` argument of " +":class:`logging.handlers.SMTPHandler`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:290 +msgid "" +":gh:`126033`: :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree`: Fix a crash in " +":meth:`Element.remove ` when the " +"element is concurrently mutated. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:294 +msgid "" +":gh:`118201`: Fixed intermittent failures of :any:`os.confstr`, " +":any:`os.pathconf` and :any:`os.sysconf` on iOS and Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:297 +msgid "" +":gh:`124927`: Non-printing characters are now properly handled in the new " +"REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:301 ../NEWS:1333 ../NEWS:1621 ../NEWS:1855 ../NEWS:2048 +#: ../NEWS:2171 ../NEWS:3426 ../NEWS:4375 ../NEWS:4894 ../NEWS:5808 +#: ../NEWS:6332 ../NEWS:8599 ../NEWS:9797 ../NEWS:13933 ../NEWS:15913 +#: ../NEWS:16297 ../NEWS:17683 ../NEWS:19490 ../NEWS:20313 ../NEWS:20715 +#: ../NEWS:20991 ../NEWS:21272 ../NEWS:22112 ../NEWS:22539 ../NEWS:23613 +#: ../NEWS:24495 ../NEWS:24964 ../NEWS:25346 ../NEWS:25737 ../NEWS:26119 +#: ../NEWS:27857 ../NEWS:28806 ../NEWS:29355 ../NEWS:29675 ../NEWS:29924 +#: ../NEWS:32644 ../NEWS:33048 ../NEWS:33278 ../NEWS:33436 ../NEWS:33652 +#: ../NEWS:33905 ../NEWS:35081 ../NEWS:35367 ../NEWS:37238 ../NEWS:37778 +#: ../NEWS:38132 ../NEWS:38524 ../NEWS:38902 ../NEWS:39374 ../NEWS:39700 +#: ../NEWS:40814 ../NEWS:41087 ../NEWS:41289 ../NEWS:41550 ../NEWS:42669 +#: ../NEWS:43969 ../NEWS:44137 ../NEWS:44679 ../NEWS:45196 ../NEWS:45529 +#: ../NEWS:46041 ../NEWS:48065 +msgid "IDLE" +msgstr "IDLE" + +#: ../NEWS:303 +msgid "" +":gh:`129873`: Simplify displaying the IDLE doc by only copying the text " +"section of idle.html to idlelib/help.html. Patch by Stan Ulbrych." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:307 ../NEWS:713 ../NEWS:1339 ../NEWS:1629 ../NEWS:2177 ../NEWS:3359 +#: ../NEWS:3817 ../NEWS:4283 ../NEWS:4820 ../NEWS:5635 ../NEWS:8158 +#: ../NEWS:9676 ../NEWS:10109 ../NEWS:10380 ../NEWS:10659 ../NEWS:11058 +#: ../NEWS:11376 ../NEWS:11801 ../NEWS:13504 ../NEWS:14737 ../NEWS:15331 +#: ../NEWS:15840 ../NEWS:16188 ../NEWS:16634 ../NEWS:17024 ../NEWS:17523 +#: ../NEWS:19133 ../NEWS:20201 ../NEWS:20663 ../NEWS:20943 ../NEWS:21213 +#: ../NEWS:21566 ../NEWS:22009 ../NEWS:22475 ../NEWS:23435 ../NEWS:23982 +#: ../NEWS:24426 ../NEWS:24884 ../NEWS:25288 ../NEWS:25711 ../NEWS:26026 +#: ../NEWS:27371 ../NEWS:28677 ../NEWS:29144 ../NEWS:29622 ../NEWS:29864 +#: ../NEWS:32048 ../NEWS:33024 ../NEWS:33234 ../NEWS:33384 ../NEWS:33602 +#: ../NEWS:33847 ../NEWS:34172 ../NEWS:34512 ../NEWS:34995 ../NEWS:35338 +#: ../NEWS:36948 ../NEWS:37702 ../NEWS:38058 ../NEWS:38455 ../NEWS:38854 +#: ../NEWS:39423 ../NEWS:39743 ../NEWS:39899 ../NEWS:40002 ../NEWS:41361 +#: ../NEWS:41612 ../NEWS:42779 ../NEWS:43339 ../NEWS:44006 ../NEWS:44732 +#: ../NEWS:45293 ../NEWS:45546 ../NEWS:45745 ../NEWS:46056 ../NEWS:48257 +msgid "Documentation" +msgstr "文档" + +#: ../NEWS:309 +msgid "" +":gh:`131417`: Mention :class:`asyncio.Future` and :class:`asyncio.Task` in " +"generic classes list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:312 +msgid "" +":gh:`125722`: Require Sphinx 8.2.0 or later to build the Python " +"documentation. Patch by Adam Turner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:315 +msgid "" +":gh:`129712`: The wheel tags supported by each macOS universal SDK option " +"are now documented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:318 +msgid "" +":gh:`46236`: C API: Document :c:func:`PyUnicode_RSplit`, " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_Partition` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_RPartition`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:324 +msgid "" +":gh:`132011`: Fix crash when calling :meth:`!list.append` as an unbound " +"method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:327 +msgid "" +":gh:`131998`: Fix a crash when using an unbound method :term:`descriptor` " +"object in a function where a bound method descriptor was used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:330 +msgid "" +":gh:`131988`: Fix a performance regression that caused scaling bottlenecks " +"in the free threaded build in 3.13.1 and 3.13.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:333 +msgid "" +":gh:`131719`: Fix missing NULL check in ``_PyMem_FreeDelayed`` in " +":term:`free-threaded ` build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:336 +msgid "" +":gh:`131670`: Fix :func:`anext` failing on sync :meth:`~object.__anext__` " +"raising an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:339 +msgid "" +":gh:`131141`: Fix data race in :data:`sys.monitoring` instrumentation while " +"registering callback." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:342 +msgid "" +":gh:`130932`: Fix incorrect exception handling in " +"``_PyModule_IsPossiblyShadowing``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:345 +msgid "" +":gh:`130851`: Fix a crash in the :term:`free threading` build when " +"constructing a :class:`code` object with :attr:`~codeobject.co_consts` that " +"contains instances of types that are not otherwise generated by the bytecode" +" compiler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:350 +msgid "" +":gh:`130794`: Fix memory leak in the :term:`free threaded ` " +"build when resizing a shared list or dictionary from multiple short-lived " +"threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:354 +msgid "" +":gh:`130775`: Do not crash on negative ``column`` and ``end_column`` in " +":mod:`ast` locations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:357 +msgid "" +":gh:`130382`: Fix ``PyRefTracer_DESTROY`` not being sent from " +":file:`Python/ceval.c` ``Py_DECREF()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:360 +msgid "" +":gh:`130618`: Fix a bug that was causing ``UnicodeDecodeError`` or " +"``SystemError`` to be raised when using f-strings with ``lambda`` " +"expressions with non-ASCII characters. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:364 +msgid "" +":gh:`130163`: Fix possible crashes related to concurrent change and use of " +"the :mod:`sys` module attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:367 +msgid "" +":gh:`88887`: Fixing multiprocessing Resource Tracker process leaking, " +"usually observed when running Python as PID 1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:370 +msgid "" +":gh:`130115`: Fix an issue with thread identifiers being sign-extended on " +"some platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:373 +msgid "" +":gh:`128396`: Fix a crash that occurs when calling :func:`locals` inside an " +"inline comprehension that uses the same local variable as the outer frame " +"scope where the variable is a free or cell var." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:377 +msgid "" +":gh:`116042`: Fix location for SyntaxErrors of invalid escapes in the " +"tokenizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:380 +msgid ":gh:`129983`: Fix data race in compile_template in :file:`sre.c`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:382 +msgid "" +":gh:`129967`: Fix a race condition in the :term:`free threading` build when " +"``repr(set)`` is called concurrently with ``set.clear()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:385 +msgid "" +":gh:`129900`: Fix return codes inside :exc:`SystemExit` not getting returned" +" by the REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:388 +msgid "" +":gh:`129732`: Fixed a race in ``_Py_qsbr_reserve`` in the free threading " +"build." +msgstr ":gh:`129732`: 修复自由线程构建版 ``_Py_qsbr_reserve`` 中的竞争问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:391 +msgid "" +":gh:`129643`: Fix thread safety of :c:func:`PyList_Insert` in free-threading" +" builds." +msgstr ":gh:`129643`: 修复自由线程构建版中 :c:func:`PyList_Insert` 的线程安全问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:394 +msgid "" +":gh:`129668`: Fix race condition when raising :exc:`MemoryError` in the free" +" threaded build." +msgstr ":gh:`129668`: 修复自由线程构建版中当引发 :exc:`MemoryError` 时的竞争条件问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:397 +msgid "" +":gh:`129643`: Fix thread safety of :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` in free-" +"threading builds. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" +":gh:`129643`: 修复自由线程构建版中 :c:func:`PyList_SetItem` 的线程安全问题。 由 Kumar Aditya " +"编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:400 +msgid "" +":gh:`128714`: Fix the potential races in get/set dunder methods " +"``__annotations__``, ``__annotate__`` and ``__type_params__`` for function " +"object, and add related tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:404 +msgid "" +":gh:`128632`: Disallow ``__classdict__`` as the name of a type parameter. " +"Using this name would previously crash the interpreter in some " +"circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:408 +msgid "" +":gh:`127953`: The time to handle a ``LINE`` event in sys.monitoring (and " +"sys.settrace) is now independent of the number of lines in the code object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:412 +msgid "" +":gh:`125331`: ``from __future__ import barry_as_FLUFL`` now works in more " +"contexts, including when it is used in files, with the ``-c`` flag, and in " +"the REPL when there are multiple statements on the same line. Previously, it" +" worked only on subsequent lines in the REPL, and when the appropriate flags" +" were passed directly to :func:`compile`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:419 ../NEWS:787 ../NEWS:1479 ../NEWS:1680 ../NEWS:1947 ../NEWS:2078 +#: ../NEWS:2233 ../NEWS:2491 ../NEWS:2793 ../NEWS:3431 ../NEWS:3893 +#: ../NEWS:4389 ../NEWS:4917 ../NEWS:5824 ../NEWS:6348 ../NEWS:8665 +#: ../NEWS:9814 ../NEWS:10147 ../NEWS:10450 ../NEWS:11142 ../NEWS:11473 +#: ../NEWS:11888 ../NEWS:13990 ../NEWS:14854 ../NEWS:15454 ../NEWS:15922 +#: ../NEWS:16305 ../NEWS:16733 ../NEWS:17235 ../NEWS:17688 ../NEWS:19545 +#: ../NEWS:20332 ../NEWS:20722 ../NEWS:20998 ../NEWS:21286 ../NEWS:21639 +#: ../NEWS:22134 ../NEWS:22552 ../NEWS:23646 ../NEWS:24056 ../NEWS:24517 +#: ../NEWS:24990 ../NEWS:25361 ../NEWS:25748 ../NEWS:26135 ../NEWS:27985 +#: ../NEWS:28829 ../NEWS:29367 ../NEWS:29711 ../NEWS:32866 ../NEWS:32956 +#: ../NEWS:33672 ../NEWS:34242 ../NEWS:34539 ../NEWS:35132 ../NEWS:35394 +#: ../NEWS:37466 ../NEWS:37841 ../NEWS:38174 ../NEWS:38594 ../NEWS:39397 +#: ../NEWS:39726 ../NEWS:39894 ../NEWS:40395 ../NEWS:40834 ../NEWS:41324 +#: ../NEWS:41653 ../NEWS:42942 ../NEWS:43417 ../NEWS:43997 ../NEWS:46309 +#: ../NEWS:46624 ../NEWS:48228 +msgid "C API" +msgstr "C API" + +#: ../NEWS:421 +msgid ":gh:`131740`: Update PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects to traverse perm gen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:423 +msgid "" +":gh:`129533`: Update :c:func:`PyGC_Enable()`, :c:func:`PyGC_Disable()`, " +":c:func:`PyGC_IsEnabled()` to use atomic operation for thread-safety at " +"free-threading build. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" +":gh:`129533`: 更新 :c:func:`PyGC_Enable()`, :c:func:`PyGC_Disable()`, " +":c:func:`PyGC_IsEnabled()` 以在自由线程构建版上为线程安全使用自动操作。 由 Donghee Na 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:430 +msgid "" +":gh:`131865`: The DTrace build now properly passes the ``CC`` and ``CFLAGS``" +" variables to the ``dtrace`` command when utilizing SystemTap on Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:433 +msgid ":gh:`131675`: Fix mimalloc library builds for 32-bit ARM targets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:435 +msgid "" +":gh:`130673`: Fix potential ``KeyError`` when handling object sections " +"during JIT building process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:438 +msgid "" +":gh:`130740`: Ensure that ``Python.h`` is included before ``stdbool.h`` " +"unless ``pyconfig.h`` is included before or in some platform-specific " +"contexts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:442 +msgid "" +":gh:`129838`: Don't redefine ``_Py_NO_SANITIZE_UNDEFINED`` when compiling " +"with a recent GCC version and undefined sanitizer enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:445 +msgid "" +":gh:`129660`: Drop ``test_embed`` from PGO training, whose contribution in " +"recent versions is considered to be ignorable." +msgstr ":gh:`129660`: 从 PGO 训练中丢弃 ``test_embed``，它在近期版本中的贡献被认为是可忽略的。" + +#: ../NEWS:450 +msgid "Python 3.13.2 final" +msgstr "Python 3.13.2 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:452 +msgid "*Release date: 2025-02-04*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2025-02-04*" + +#: ../NEWS:457 +msgid "" +":gh:`127592`: Usage of the unified Apple System Log APIs was disabled when " +"the minimum macOS version is earlier than 10.12." +msgstr ":gh:`127592`: 当最小 macOS 版本早于 10.12 时禁用统一 Apple System Log API。" + +#: ../NEWS:463 +msgid "" +":gh:`127353`: Allow to force color output on Windows using environment " +"variables. Patch by Andrey Efremov." +msgstr ":gh:`127353`: 允许在 Windows 上使用环境变量强制设置颜色输出。 由 Andrey Efremov 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:469 +msgid "" +":gh:`129248`: The iOS test runner now strips the log prefix from each line " +"output by the test suite." +msgstr ":gh:`129248`: iOS 测试运行器现在会从测试套件的每行输出中去除日志记录前缀。" + +#: ../NEWS:472 +msgid "" +":gh:`128152`: Fix a bug where Argument Clinic's C pre-processor parser tried" +" to parse pre-processor directives inside C comments. Patch by Erlend " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128152`: 修正了 Argument Clinic 的 C 预处理器解析器试图解析 C 注释里的预处理器指令的程序错误。 由 " +"Erlend Aasland 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:479 +msgid "" +":gh:`127906`: Test the limited C API in test_cppext. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr ":gh:`127906`: 在 test_cppext 中测试受限 C API。 由 Victor Stinner 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:481 +msgid "" +":gh:`127637`: Add tests for the :mod:`dis` command-line interface. Patch by " +"Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr ":gh:`127637`: 增加针对 :mod:`dis` 命令行界面的测试。 由 Bénédikt Tran 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:484 +msgid "" +":gh:`126925`: iOS test results are now streamed during test execution, and " +"the deprecated xcresulttool is no longer used." +msgstr ":gh:`126925`: 现在 iOS 测试结果在测试执行期间流式输出，且已弃用的 xcresulttool 不再被使用。" + +#: ../NEWS:490 +msgid "" +":gh:`105704`: When using :func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlparse` host parsing would not reject domain names " +"containing square brackets (``[`` and ``]``). Square brackets are only valid" +" for IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts according to `RFC 3986 Section 3.2.2 " +"`__." +msgstr "" +":gh:`105704`: 当使用 :func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` 和 " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlparse` 时主机解析将不会拒绝包含方括号 (``[`` 和 ``]``) 的主机名。 根据 `RFC " +"3986 第 3.2.2 节 `__方括号仅适用于 IPv6 和 IPvFuture 主机。" + +#: ../NEWS:496 +msgid "" +":gh:`127655`: Fixed the " +":class:`!asyncio.selector_events._SelectorSocketTransport` transport not " +"pausing writes for the protocol when the buffer reaches the high water mark " +"when using :meth:`asyncio.WriteTransport.writelines`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`127655`: 修正了 :class:`!asyncio.selector_events._SelectorSocketTransport`" +" 传输当使用 :meth:`asyncio.WriteTransport.writelines` 时不在缓冲区到达高水位时暂停为协议写入的问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:501 +msgid "" +":gh:`126108`: Fix a possible ``NULL`` pointer dereference in " +":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`126108`: 修正了 :c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode` 中的一个可能的 ``NULL`` " +"指针解引用。" + +#: ../NEWS:504 +msgid "" +":gh:`80222`: Fix bug in the folding of quoted strings when flattening an " +"email message using a modern email policy. Previously when a quoted string " +"was folded so that it spanned more than one line, the surrounding quotes and" +" internal escapes would be omitted. This could theoretically be used to " +"spoof header lines using a carefully constructed quoted string if the " +"resulting rendered email was transmitted or re-parsed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:511 +msgid "" +":gh:`119511`: Fix a potential denial of service in the :mod:`imaplib` " +"module. When connecting to a malicious server, it could cause an arbitrary " +"amount of memory to be allocated. On many systems this is harmless as unused" +" virtual memory is only a mapping, but if this hit a virtual address size " +"limit it could lead to a :exc:`MemoryError` or other process crash. On " +"unusual systems or builds where all allocated memory is touched and backed " +"by actual ram or storage it could've consumed resources doing so until " +"similarly crashing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:523 +msgid "" +":gh:`129502`: Unlikely errors in preparing arguments for :mod:`ctypes` " +"callback are now handled in the same way as errors raised in the callback of" +" in converting the result of the callback -- using " +":func:`sys.unraisablehook` instead of :func:`sys.excepthook` and not setting" +" :data:`sys.last_exc` and other variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:529 +msgid "" +":gh:`129403`: Corrected :exc:`ValueError` message for " +":class:`asyncio.Barrier` and :class:`threading.Barrier`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`129403`: 修正了用于 :class:`asyncio.Barrier` 和 :class:`threading.Barrier` 的 " +":exc:`ValueError` 消息。" + +#: ../NEWS:532 +msgid "" +":gh:`129409`: Fix an integer overflow in the :mod:`csv` module when writing " +"a data field larger than 2GB." +msgstr ":gh:`129409`: 修复了 :mod:`csv` 模块中当写入大于 2GB 的数据字段时的整数溢出。" + +#: ../NEWS:535 +msgid "" +":gh:`118761`: Improve import time of :mod:`subprocess` by lazy importing " +"``locale`` and ``signal``. Patch by Taneli Hukkinen." +msgstr "" +":gh:`118761`: 通过惰性导入 ``locale`` 和 ``signal`` 提升了 :mod:`subprocess` 的导入速度。 由 " +"Taneli Hukkinen 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:538 +msgid "" +":gh:`129346`: In :mod:`sqlite3`, handle out-of-memory when creating user-" +"defined SQL functions." +msgstr ":gh:`129346`: 在 :mod:`sqlite3` 中，处理当创建用户自定义 SQL 函数时的内存不足问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:541 +msgid "" +":gh:`129061`: Fix FORCE_COLOR and NO_COLOR when empty strings. Patch by Hugo" +" van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:544 +msgid "" +":gh:`128550`: Removed an incorrect optimization relating to eager tasks in " +":class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` that resulted in cancellations being missed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:547 +msgid "" +":gh:`128991`: Release the enter frame reference within :mod:`bdb` callback" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:549 +msgid "" +":gh:`128978`: Fix a :exc:`NameError` in " +":func:`!sysconfig.expand_makefile_vars`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:552 +msgid "" +":gh:`128961`: Fix a crash when setting state on an exhausted " +":class:`array.array` iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:555 +msgid "" +":gh:`128894`: Fix ``traceback.TracebackException._format_syntax_error`` not " +"to fail on exceptions with custom metadata." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:558 +msgid "" +":gh:`128916`: Do not attempt to set ``SO_REUSEPORT`` on sockets of address " +"families other than ``AF_INET`` and ``AF_INET6``, as it is meaningless with " +"these address families, and the call with fail with Linux kernel 6.12.9 and " +"newer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:563 +msgid "" +":gh:`128679`: Fix :func:`tracemalloc.stop` race condition. Fix " +":mod:`tracemalloc` to support calling :func:`tracemalloc.stop` in one " +"thread, while another thread is tracing memory allocations. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:568 +msgid "" +":gh:`128636`: Fix PyREPL failure when :data:`os.environ` is overwritten with" +" an invalid value." +msgstr ":gh:`128636`: 修复当 :data:`os.environ` 被无效值覆盖时的 PyREPL 错误。" + +#: ../NEWS:571 +msgid "" +":gh:`128562`: Fix possible conflicts in generated :mod:`tkinter` widget " +"names if the widget class name ends with a digit." +msgstr ":gh:`128562`: 修正了当控件类名称是以数字结尾时在生成的 :mod:`tkinter` 控件名称中可能出现的冲突。" + +#: ../NEWS:574 +msgid "" +":gh:`128498`: Default to stdout isatty for color detection instead of " +"stderr. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128498`: 颜色检测信息默认发往 stdout isatty 而非 stderr。 由 Hugo van Kemenade 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:577 +msgid "" +":gh:`128552`: Fix cyclic garbage introduced by " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_task` and :meth:`asyncio.TaskGroup.create_task` " +"holding a reference to the created task if it is eager." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128552`: 修正了由于 :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_task` 和 " +":meth:`asyncio.TaskGroup.create_task` 在其为主动型时持有对所创建任务的引用而导致的循环垃圾。" + +#: ../NEWS:581 +msgid "" +":gh:`128479`: Fix :func:`!asyncio.staggered.staggered_race` leaking tasks " +"and issuing an unhandled exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:584 +msgid "" +":gh:`128400`: Fix crash when using :func:`faulthandler.dump_traceback` while" +" other threads are active on the :term:`free threaded ` " +"build." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128400`: 修复了在 :term:`自由线程 ` 构建版上其他线程激活的情况下使用 " +":func:`faulthandler.dump_traceback` 时的崩溃问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:588 +msgid "" +":gh:`88834`: Unify the instance check for :class:`typing.Union` and " +":class:`types.UnionType`: :class:`!Union` now uses the instance checks " +"against its parameters instead of the subclass checks." +msgstr "" +":gh:`88834`: 统一了 :class:`typing.Union` 和 :class:`types.UnionType` 的实例检查方式：现在" +" :class:`!Union` 将针对其形参使用实例检查而不是子类检查。" + +#: ../NEWS:592 +msgid "" +":gh:`128302`: Fix " +":meth:`!xml.dom.xmlbuilder.DOMEntityResolver.resolveEntity`, which was " +"broken by the Python 3.0 transition." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128302`: 修正了 " +":meth:`!xml.dom.xmlbuilder.DOMEntityResolver.resolveEntity`，它是在 Python 3.0 " +"过渡期中被破坏的。" + +#: ../NEWS:596 +msgid "" +":gh:`128302`: Allow :meth:`!xml.dom.xmlbuilder.DOMParser.parse` to correctly" +" handle :class:`!xml.dom.xmlbuilder.DOMInputSource` instances that only have" +" a :attr:`!systemId` attribute set." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128302`: 允许 :meth:`!xml.dom.xmlbuilder.DOMParser.parse` 正确地处理仅设置了 " +":attr:`!systemId` 属性的 :class:`!xml.dom.xmlbuilder.DOMInputSource` 实例。" + +#: ../NEWS:600 +msgid "" +":gh:`112064`: Fix incorrect handling of negative read sizes in " +":meth:`HTTPResponse.read `. Patch by Yury " +"Manushkin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:604 +msgid ":gh:`58956`: Fixed a frame reference leak in :mod:`bdb`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:606 +msgid "" +":gh:`128131`: Completely support random access of uncompressed unencrypted " +"read-only zip files obtained by :meth:`ZipFile.open `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:610 +msgid "" +":gh:`112328`: :class:`enum.EnumDict` can now be used without resorting to " +"private API." +msgstr ":gh:`112328`: 现在 :class:`enum.EnumDict` 的使用不再依赖于私有 private API。" + +#: ../NEWS:613 +msgid "" +":gh:`127975`: Avoid reusing quote types in :func:`ast.unparse` if not " +"needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:615 +msgid "" +":gh:`128062`: Revert the font of :mod:`turtledemo`'s menu bar to its default" +" value and display the shortcut keys in the correct position." +msgstr ":gh:`128062`: 将 :mod:`turtledemo` 菜单栏的字体恢复为默认值并在正确的位置上显示快捷键。" + +#: ../NEWS:618 +msgid "" +":gh:`128014`: Fix resetting the default window icon by passing " +"``default=''`` to the :mod:`tkinter` method :meth:`!wm_iconbitmap`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128014`: 通过将 ``default=''`` 传给 :mod:`tkinter` 方法 :meth:`!wm_iconbitmap`" +" 修复了重设默认窗口图标问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:621 +msgid "" +":gh:`115514`: Fix exceptions and incomplete writes after " +":class:`!asyncio._SelectorTransport` is closed before writes are completed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:625 +msgid "" +":gh:`41872`: Fix quick extraction of module docstrings from a file in " +":mod:`pydoc`. It now supports docstrings with single quotes, escape " +"sequences, raw string literals, and other Python syntax." +msgstr "" +":gh:`41872`: 修正了在 :mod:`pydoc` 中自文件中快速提取模块文档字符串的功能。 " +"现在它支持具有单引用、转义序列、原始字符串字面值以及其他 Python 语法的文档字符串。" + +#: ../NEWS:629 +msgid "" +":gh:`127060`: Set TERM environment variable to \"dumb\" to disable traceback" +" colors in IDLE, since IDLE doesn't understand ANSI escape sequences. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" +":gh:`127060`: 将 TERM 环境变量设为 \"dumb\" 以在 IDLE 中禁用彩色回溯信息，因为 IDLE 无法解读 ANSI " +"转义序列。 由 Victor Stinner 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:633 +msgid "" +":gh:`126742`: Fix support of localized error messages reported by " +":manpage:`dlerror(3)` and :manpage:`gdbm_strerror ` in " +":mod:`ctypes` and :mod:`dbm.gnu` functions respectively. Patch by Bénédikt " +"Tran." +msgstr "" +":gh:`126742`: 在 :mod:`ctypes` 和 :mod:`dbm.gnu` 函数中分别修正了对 " +":manpage:`dlerror(3)` 和 :manpage:`gdbm_strerror ` 所报告的本地化错误消息的支持。 由" +" Bénédikt Tran 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:638 +msgid "" +":gh:`127873`: When ``-E`` is set, only ignore ``PYTHON_COLORS`` and not " +"``FORCE_COLOR``/``NO_COLOR``/``TERM`` when colourising output. Patch by Hugo" +" van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:642 +msgid "" +":gh:`127870`: Detect recursive calls in ctypes ``_as_parameter_`` handling. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" +":gh:`127870`: 检测在 ctypes ``_as_parameter_`` 处理中的递归调用。 由 Victor Stinner 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:645 +msgid "" +":gh:`127847`: Fix the position when doing interleaved seeks and reads in " +"uncompressed, unencrypted zip files returned by " +":meth:`zipfile.ZipFile.open`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`127847`: 修复了在由 :meth:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` 返回的未压缩、未加密的 zip " +"文件上执行交错定位和读取时的位置问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:649 +msgid "" +":gh:`127732`: The :mod:`platform` module now correctly detects Windows " +"Server 2025." +msgstr ":gh:`127732`: 现在 :mod:`platform` 模块能正确地检测 Windows Server 2025。" + +#: ../NEWS:652 +msgid "" +":gh:`126821`: macOS and iOS apps can now choose to redirect stdout and " +"stderr to the system log during interpreter configuration." +msgstr "" +":gh:`126821`: 在解释器配置期间 macOS 和 iOS app 现在能选择将 stdout 和 stderr 重定向到系统日志。" + +#: ../NEWS:655 +msgid "" +":gh:`93312`: Include ```` to get ``os.PIDFD_NONBLOCK`` " +"constant. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" +":gh:`93312`: 包括 ```` 以获取 ``os.PIDFD_NONBLOCK`` 常量。 由 Victor " +"Stinner 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:658 +msgid "" +":gh:`83662`: Add missing ``__class_getitem__`` method to the Python " +"implementation of :func:`functools.partial`, to make it compatible with the " +"C version. This is mainly relevant for alternative Python implementations " +"like PyPy and GraalPy, because CPython will usually use the C-implementation" +" of that function." +msgstr "" +":gh:`83662`: 为 :func:`functools.partial` 的 Python 实现增加了缺失的 " +"``__class_getitem__`` 方法，以使其与 C 版本相兼容。 这主要影响其他 Python 实现如 PyPy 和 GraalPy，因为 " +"CPython 通常会使用相应函数的 C 实现。" + +#: ../NEWS:664 +msgid "" +":gh:`127586`: :class:`multiprocessing.pool.Pool` now properly restores " +"blocked signal handlers of the parent thread when creating processes via " +"either *spawn* or *forkserver*." +msgstr "" +":gh:`127586`: 现在当通过 *spawn* 或 *forkserver* 创建进程时 " +":class:`multiprocessing.pool.Pool` 会正确地恢复父线程被阻塞的信号处理器。" + +#: ../NEWS:668 +msgid "" +":gh:`98188`: Fix an issue in :meth:`email.message.Message.get_payload` where" +" data cannot be decoded if the Content Transfer Encoding mechanism contains " +"trailing whitespaces or additional junk text. Patch by Hui Liu." +msgstr "" +":gh:`98188`: 修复了在 :meth:`email.message.Message.get_payload` 中当 Content " +"Transfer Encoding 机制包含末尾空格或额外冗余文本时数据无法被解码的问题。 由 Hui Liu 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:672 +msgid "" +":gh:`127257`: In :mod:`ssl`, system call failures that OpenSSL reports using" +" ``ERR_LIB_SYS`` are now raised as :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "" +":gh:`127257`: 在 :mod:`ssl` 中，OpenSSL 报告使用 ``ERR_LIB_SYS`` 的系统调用失败现在将作为 " +":exc:`OSError` 被引发。" + +#: ../NEWS:675 +msgid "" +":gh:`127096`: Do not recreate unnamed section on every read in " +":class:`configparser.ConfigParser`. Patch by Andrey Efremov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:678 +msgid "" +":gh:`127196`: Fix crash when dict with keys in invalid encoding were passed " +"to several functions in ``_interpreters`` module." +msgstr ":gh:`127196`: 修复了在 ``_interpreters`` 模块中当具有无效编码格式的键的字典被传给某些函数时的崩溃问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:681 +msgid "" +":gh:`126775`: Make :func:`linecache.checkcache` thread safe and GC re-" +"entrancy safe." +msgstr ":gh:`126775`: 使得 :func:`linecache.checkcache` 保证线程安全和 GC 重进入安全。" + +#: ../NEWS:684 +msgid "" +":gh:`126332`: Fix _pyrepl crash when entering a double CTRL-Z on an " +"overflowing line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:687 +msgid "" +":gh:`126225`: :mod:`getopt` and :mod:`optparse` are no longer marked as " +"deprecated. There are legitimate reasons to use one of these modules in " +"preference to :mod:`argparse`, and none of these modules are at risk of " +"being removed from the standard library. Of the three, ``argparse`` remains " +"the recommended default choice, *unless* one of the concerns noted at the " +"top of the ``optparse`` module documentation applies." +msgstr "" +":gh:`126225`: :mod:`getopt` 和 :mod:`optparse` 不再被标记为已弃用。 存在合法的理由优先使用这些模块而不是 " +":mod:`argparse`，这些模块均没有从标准库中被移除的风险。 对于这三个模块，``argparse`` 仍然是推荐的默认选择，*除非* " +"``optparse`` 模块文档的开头部分所提及的事项之一需要被纳入考量。" + +#: ../NEWS:694 +msgid "" +":gh:`125553`: Fix round-trip invariance for backslash continuations in " +":func:`tokenize.untokenize`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:697 +msgid "" +":gh:`123987`: Fixed issue in NamespaceReader where a non-path item in a " +"namespace path, such as a sentinel added by an editable installer, would " +"break resource loading." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:701 +msgid "" +":gh:`123401`: The :mod:`http.cookies` module now supports parsing obsolete " +":rfc:`850` date formats, in accordance with :rfc:`9110` requirements. Patch " +"by Nano Zheng." +msgstr "" +":gh:`123401`: 现在 :mod:`http.cookies` 模块支持解释过时的 :rfc:`850` 日期格式，以符合 " +":rfc:`9110` 的要求。 由 Nano Zheng 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:705 +msgid "" +":gh:`122431`: :func:`readline.append_history_file` now raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` when given a negative value." +msgstr "" +":gh:`122431`: 现在当为 :func:`readline.append_history_file` 给出负值时将会引发 " +":exc:`ValueError`。" + +#: ../NEWS:708 +msgid "" +":gh:`119257`: Show tab completions menu below the current line, which " +"results in less janky behaviour, and fixes a cursor movement bug. Patch by " +"Daniel Hollas" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:715 +msgid "" +":gh:`125722`: Require Sphinx 8.1.3 or later to build the Python " +"documentation. Patch by Adam Turner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:718 +msgid "" +":gh:`67206`: Document that :const:`string.printable` is not printable in the" +" POSIX sense. In particular, :meth:`string.printable.isprintable() " +"` returns :const:`False`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" +":gh:`67206`: 记录了 :const:`string.printable` 在 POSIX 下的不可打印字符。 特别地， " +":meth:`string.printable.isprintable() ` 将返回 :const:`False`。" +" 由 Bénédikt Tran 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:725 +msgid "" +":gh:`129345`: Fix null pointer dereference in :func:`syslog.openlog` when an" +" audit hook raises an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:728 +msgid "" +":gh:`129093`: Fix f-strings such as ``f'{expr=}'`` sometimes not displaying " +"the full expression when the expression contains ``!=``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:731 +msgid "" +":gh:`124363`: Treat debug expressions in f-string as raw strings. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:734 +msgid "" +":gh:`128799`: Add frame of ``except*`` to traceback when it wraps a naked " +"exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:737 +msgid "" +":gh:`128078`: Fix a :exc:`SystemError` when using :func:`anext` with a " +"default tuple value. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128078`: 修正了当附带默认的元组值使用 :func:`anext` 时导致的 :exc:`SystemError`。 由 " +"Bénédikt Tran 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:740 +msgid "" +":gh:`128717`: Fix a crash when setting the recursion limit while other " +"threads are active on the :term:`free threaded ` build." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128717`: 修复了在 :term:`free threaded ` " +"构建版上其他线程激活的情况下设置递归上限时的崩溃问题。" + +#: ../NEWS:743 +msgid ":gh:`128330`: Restore terminal control characters on REPL exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:745 +msgid "" +":gh:`128079`: Fix a bug where :keyword:`except* ` does not " +"properly check the return value of an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`'s " +":meth:`~BaseExceptionGroup.split` function, leading to a crash in some " +"cases. Now when :meth:`~BaseExceptionGroup.split` returns an invalid object," +" :keyword:`except* ` raises a :exc:`TypeError` with the " +"original raised :exc:`ExceptionGroup` object chained to it." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128079`: 修复了一个由于 :keyword:`except* ` 不能正确地检查 " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` 的 :meth:`~BaseExceptionGroup.split` " +"函数的返回值，导致在某些情况下发生崩溃的程序错误。 现在当 :meth:`~BaseExceptionGroup.split` " +"返回无效对象时，:keyword:`except* ` 将引发一个 :exc:`TypeError` 并原来所引发的 " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` 对象与其进行串连。" + +#: ../NEWS:752 +msgid "" +":gh:`128030`: Avoid error from calling ``PyModule_GetFilenameObject`` on a " +"non-module object when importing a non-existent symbol from a non-module " +"object." +msgstr "" +":gh:`128030`: 避免当从非模块对象导入不存在的符号时由于在非模块对象上调用 ``PyModule_GetFilenameObject`` " +"所导致的错误。" + +#: ../NEWS:756 +msgid "" +":gh:`127903`: ``Objects/unicodeobject.c``: fix a crash on DEBUG builds in " +"``_copy_characters`` when there is nothing to copy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:759 +msgid "" +":gh:`127599`: Fix statistics for increments of object reference counts (in " +"particular, when a reference count was increased by more than 1 in a single " +"operation)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:763 +msgid "" +":gh:`127651`: When raising :exc:`ImportError` for missing symbols in " +"``from`` imports, use ``__file__`` in the error message if " +"``__spec__.origin`` is not a location" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:767 +msgid "" +":gh:`127582`: Fix non-thread-safe object resurrection when calling " +"finalizers and watcher callbacks in the free threading build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:770 +msgid "" +":gh:`127434`: The iOS compiler shims can now accept arguments with spaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:772 +msgid "" +":gh:`127536`: Add missing locks around some list assignment operations in " +"the free threading build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:775 +msgid "" +":gh:`126862`: Fix a possible overflow when a class inherits from an absurd " +"number of super-classes. Reported by Valery Fedorenko. Patch by Bénédikt " +"Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:779 +msgid "" +":gh:`127349`: Fixed the error when resizing terminal in Python REPL. Patch " +"by Semyon Moroz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:782 +msgid "" +":gh:`126076`: Relocated objects such as ``tuple``, ``bytes`` and ``str`` " +"objects are properly tracked by :mod:`tracemalloc` and its associated hooks." +" Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:789 +msgid "" +":gh:`127791`: Fix loss of callbacks after more than one call to " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_AtExit`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:795 +msgid "" +":gh:`129539`: Don't redefine ``EX_OK`` when the system has the " +"``sysexits.h`` header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:798 +msgid "" +":gh:`128472`: Skip BOLT optimization of functions using computed gotos, " +"fixing errors on build with LLVM 19." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:801 +msgid "" +":gh:`123925`: Fix building the :mod:`curses` module on platforms with " +"libncurses but without libncursesw." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:804 +msgid "" +":gh:`128321`: Set ``LIBS`` instead of ``LDFLAGS`` when checking if " +":mod:`sqlite3` library functions are available. This fixes the ordering of " +"linked libraries during checks, which was incorrect when using a statically " +"linked ``libsqlite3``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:809 +msgid "" +":gh:`127865`: Fix build failure on systems without thread-locals support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:813 +msgid "Python 3.13.1 final" +msgstr "Python 3.13.1 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:815 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-12-03*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2024-12-03*" + +#: ../NEWS:820 +msgid ":gh:`124448`: Update bundled Tcl/Tk in macOS installer to 8.6.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:825 +msgid ":gh:`126911`: Update credits command output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:827 +msgid "" +":gh:`118973`: Ensures the experimental free-threaded install includes the " +"``_tkinter`` module. The optional Tcl/Tk component must also be installed in" +" order for the module to work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:831 +msgid "" +":gh:`126497`: Fixes venv failure due to missing redirector executables in " +"experimental free-threaded installs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:834 +msgid ":gh:`126074`: Removed unnecessary DLLs from Windows embeddable package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:836 +msgid "" +":gh:`125315`: Avoid crashing in :mod:`platform` due to slow WMI calls on " +"some Windows machines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:839 +msgid "" +":gh:`126084`: Fix venvwlauncher to launch pythonw instead of python so no " +"extra console window is created." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:842 +msgid "" +":gh:`125842`: Fix a :exc:`SystemError` when :func:`sys.exit` is called with " +"``0xffffffff`` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:845 +msgid "" +":gh:`125550`: Enable the :ref:`launcher` to detect Python 3.14 installs from" +" the Windows Store." +msgstr "" +":gh:`125550`: 开启 :ref:`launcher` 对来自 Windows Store 的 Python 3.14 安装版的检测。" + +#: ../NEWS:848 +msgid ":gh:`124448`: Updated bundled Tcl/Tk to 8.6.15." +msgstr ":gh:`124448`: 将捆绑的 Tcl/Tk 更新至 8.6.15。" + +#: ../NEWS:853 +msgid "" +":gh:`126807`: Fix extraction warnings in :program:`pygettext.py` caused by " +"mistaking function definitions for function calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:856 +msgid "" +":gh:`126167`: The iOS testbed was modified so that it can be used by third-" +"party projects for testing purposes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:862 +msgid "" +":gh:`126909`: Fix test_os extended attribute tests to work on filesystems " +"with 1 KiB xattr size limit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:865 +msgid "" +":gh:`125041`: Re-enable skipped tests for :mod:`zlib` on the s390x " +"architecture: only skip checks of the compressed bytes, which can be " +"different between zlib's software implementation and the hardware-" +"accelerated implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:870 +msgid ":gh:`124295`: Add translation tests to the :mod:`argparse` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:875 +msgid ":gh:`126623`: Upgrade libexpat to 2.6.4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:877 +msgid "" +":gh:`125140`: Remove the current directory from ``sys.path`` when using " +"PyREPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:880 +msgid "" +":gh:`122792`: Changed IPv4-mapped ``ipaddress.IPv6Address`` to consistently " +"use the mapped IPv4 address value for deciding properties. Properties which " +"have their behavior fixed are ``is_multicast``, ``is_reserved``, " +"``is_link_local``, ``is_global``, and ``is_unspecified``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:888 +msgid "" +":gh:`127321`: :func:`pdb.set_trace` will not stop at an opcode that does not" +" have an associated line number anymore." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:891 +msgid "" +":gh:`127303`: Publicly expose :data:`~token.EXACT_TOKEN_TYPES` in " +":attr:`!token.__all__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:894 +msgid "" +":gh:`123967`: Fix faulthandler for trampoline frames. If the top-most frame " +"is a trampoline frame, skip it. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:897 +msgid "" +":gh:`127182`: Fix :meth:`!io.StringIO.__setstate__` crash, when " +":const:`None` was passed as the first value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:900 +msgid "" +":gh:`127217`: Fix :func:`urllib.request.pathname2url` for paths starting " +"with multiple slashes on Posix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:903 +msgid "" +":gh:`127035`: Fix :mod:`shutil.which` on Windows. Now it looks at direct " +"match if and only if the command ends with a PATHEXT extension or X_OK is " +"not in mode. Support extensionless files if \".\" is in PATHEXT. Support " +"PATHEXT extensions that end with a dot." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:908 +msgid "" +":gh:`122273`: Support PyREPL history on Windows. Patch by devdanzin and " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:911 +msgid "" +":gh:`127078`: Fix issue where :func:`urllib.request.url2pathname` failed to " +"discard an extra slash before a UNC drive in the URL path on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:914 +msgid "" +":gh:`126766`: Fix issue where :func:`urllib.request.url2pathname` failed to " +"discard any 'localhost' authority present in the URL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:917 +msgid "" +":gh:`127065`: Fix crash when calling a :func:`operator.methodcaller` " +"instance from multiple threads in the free threading build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:920 +msgid "" +":gh:`126997`: Fix support of STRING and GLOBAL opcodes with non-ASCII " +"arguments in :mod:`pickletools`. :func:`pickletools.dis` now outputs non-" +"ASCII bytes in STRING, BINSTRING and SHORT_BINSTRING arguments as escaped " +"(``\\xXX``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:925 +msgid "" +":gh:`126316`: :mod:`grp`: Make :func:`grp.getgrall` thread-safe by adding a " +"mutex. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:928 +msgid "" +":gh:`126618`: Fix the representation of :class:`itertools.count` objects " +"when the count value is :data:`sys.maxsize`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:931 +msgid "" +":gh:`85168`: Fix issue where :func:`urllib.request.url2pathname` and " +":func:`~urllib.request.pathname2url` always used UTF-8 when quoting and " +"unquoting file URIs. They now use the :term:`filesystem encoding and error " +"handler`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:936 +msgid "" +":gh:`67877`: Fix memory leaks when :mod:`regular expression ` matching " +"terminates abruptly, either because of a signal or because memory allocation" +" fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:940 +msgid "" +":gh:`126789`: Fixed the values of :py:func:`sysconfig.get_config_vars`, " +":py:func:`sysconfig.get_paths`, and their siblings when the :py:mod:`site` " +"initialization happens after :py:mod:`sysconfig` has built a cache for " +":py:func:`sysconfig.get_config_vars`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:945 +msgid ":gh:`126188`: Update bundled pip to 24.3.1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:947 +msgid "" +":gh:`126780`: Fix :func:`os.path.normpath` for drive-relative paths on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:950 +msgid "" +":gh:`126766`: Fix issue where :func:`urllib.request.url2pathname` failed to " +"discard two leading slashes introducing an empty authority section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:953 +msgid "" +":gh:`126727`: ``locale.nl_langinfo(locale.ERA)`` now returns multiple era " +"description segments separated by semicolons. Previously it only returned " +"the first segment on platforms with Glibc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:957 +msgid "" +":gh:`126699`: Allow :class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator` to be a base for " +"Protocols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:960 +msgid "" +":gh:`126654`: Fix crash when non-dict was passed to several functions in " +"``_interpreters`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:963 +msgid "" +":gh:`104745`: Limit starting a patcher (from :func:`unittest.mock.patch` or " +":func:`unittest.mock.patch.object`) more than once without stopping it" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:966 +msgid "" +":gh:`126595`: Fix a crash when instantiating :class:`itertools.count` with " +"an initial count of :data:`sys.maxsize` on debug builds. Patch by Bénédikt " +"Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:970 +msgid "" +":gh:`120423`: Fix issue where :func:`urllib.request.pathname2url` mishandled" +" Windows paths with embedded forward slashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:973 +msgid "" +":gh:`126565`: Improve performances of :meth:`zipfile.Path.open` for non-" +"reading modes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:976 +msgid "" +":gh:`126505`: Fix bugs in compiling case-insensitive :mod:`regular " +"expressions ` with character classes containing non-BMP characters: " +"upper-case non-BMP character did was ignored and the ASCII flag was ignored " +"when matching a character range whose upper bound is beyond the BMP region." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:982 +msgid "" +":gh:`117378`: Fixed the :mod:`multiprocessing` ``\"forkserver\"`` start " +"method forkserver process to correctly inherit the parent's :data:`sys.path`" +" during the importing of :func:`multiprocessing.set_forkserver_preload` " +"modules in the same manner as :data:`sys.path` is configured in workers " +"before executing work items." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:988 +msgid "" +"This bug caused some forkserver module preloading to silently fail to " +"preload. This manifested as a performance degration in child processes when " +"the ``sys.path`` was required due to additional repeated work in every " +"worker." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:993 +msgid "" +"It could also have a side effect of ``\"\"`` remaining in :data:`sys.path` " +"during forkserver preload imports instead of the absolute path from " +":func:`os.getcwd` at multiprocessing import time used in the worker " +"``sys.path``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:998 +msgid "" +"The ``sys.path`` differences between phases in the child process could " +"potentially have caused preload to import incorrect things from the wrong " +"location. We are unaware of that actually having happened in practice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1002 +msgid "" +":gh:`125679`: The :class:`multiprocessing.Lock` and " +":class:`multiprocessing.RLock` ``repr`` values no longer say \"unknown\" on " +"macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1006 +msgid "" +":gh:`126476`: Raise :class:`calendar.IllegalMonthError` (now a subclass of " +":class:`IndexError`) for :func:`calendar.month` when the input month is not " +"correct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1010 +msgid "" +":gh:`126489`: The Python implementation of :mod:`pickle` no longer calls " +":meth:`pickle.Pickler.persistent_id` for the result of " +":meth:`!persistent_id`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1014 +msgid "" +":gh:`126313`: Fix an issue in :func:`curses.napms` when " +":func:`curses.initscr` has not yet been called. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1017 +msgid "" +":gh:`126303`: Fix pickling and copying of :class:`os.sched_param` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1019 +msgid "" +":gh:`126138`: Fix a use-after-free crash on :class:`asyncio.Task` objects " +"whose underlying coroutine yields an object that implements an evil " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__`. Patch by Nico Posada." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1023 +msgid "" +":gh:`126220`: Fix crash in :class:`!cProfile.Profile` and " +":class:`!_lsprof.Profiler` when their callbacks were directly called with 0 " +"arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1027 +msgid "" +":gh:`126212`: Fix issue where :func:`urllib.request.pathname2url` and " +":func:`~urllib.request.url2pathname` removed slashes from Windows DOS drive " +"paths and URLs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1031 +msgid "" +":gh:`126223`: Raise a :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` instead of a " +":exc:`SystemError` upon calling :func:`!_interpreters.create` with an " +"invalid Unicode character." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1035 +msgid "" +":gh:`126205`: Fix issue where :func:`urllib.request.pathname2url` generated " +"URLs beginning with four slashes (rather than two) when given a Windows UNC " +"path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1039 +msgid "" +":gh:`126105`: Fix a crash in :mod:`ast` when the :attr:`ast.AST._fields` " +"attribute is deleted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1042 +msgid "" +":gh:`126106`: Fixes a possible ``NULL`` pointer dereference in :mod:`ssl`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1044 +msgid "" +":gh:`126080`: Fix a use-after-free crash on :class:`asyncio.Task` objects " +"for which the underlying event loop implements an evil " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__`. Reported by Nico-Posada. Patch by Bénédikt" +" Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1049 +msgid "" +":gh:`126083`: Fixed a reference leak in :class:`asyncio.Task` objects when " +"reinitializing the same object with a non-``None`` context. Patch by Nico " +"Posada." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1053 +msgid "" +":gh:`125984`: Fix use-after-free crashes on :class:`asyncio.Future` objects " +"for which the underlying event loop implements an evil " +":meth:`~object.__getattribute__`. Reported by Nico-Posada. Patch by Bénédikt" +" Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1058 +msgid "" +":gh:`125969`: Fix an out-of-bounds crash when an evil " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.call_soon` mutates the length of the internal callbacks " +"list. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1062 +msgid "" +":gh:`125966`: Fix a use-after-free crash in " +":meth:`asyncio.Future.remove_done_callback`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1065 +msgid "" +":gh:`125789`: Fix possible crash when mutating list of callbacks returned by" +" :attr:`!asyncio.Future._callbacks`. It now always returns a new copy in C " +"implementation :mod:`!_asyncio`. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1069 +msgid "" +":gh:`124452`: Fix an issue in " +":meth:`email.policy.EmailPolicy.header_source_parse` and " +":meth:`email.policy.Compat32.header_source_parse` that introduced spurious " +"leading whitespaces into header values when the header includes a newline " +"character after the header name delimiter (``:``) and before the value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1075 +msgid "" +":gh:`125884`: Fixed the bug for :mod:`pdb` where it can't set breakpoints on" +" functions with certain annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1078 +msgid "" +":gh:`125355`: Fix several bugs in " +":meth:`argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1081 +msgid "The parser no longer changes temporarily during parsing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1082 +msgid "Default values are not processed twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1083 +msgid "" +"Required mutually exclusive groups containing positional arguments are now " +"supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1084 +msgid "" +"The missing arguments report now includes the names of all required optional" +" and positional arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1085 +msgid "" +"Unknown options can be intermixed with positional arguments in " +"parse_known_intermixed_args()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1087 +msgid "" +":gh:`125666`: Avoid the exiting the interpreter if a null byte is given as " +"input in the new REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1090 +msgid "" +":gh:`125710`: [Enum] fix hashable<->nonhashable comparisons for member " +"values" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1092 +msgid "" +":gh:`125631`: Restore ability to set :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.persistent_id` " +"and :attr:`~pickle.Unpickler.persistent_load` attributes of instances of the" +" :class:`!Pickler` and :class:`!Unpickler` classes in the :mod:`pickle` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1097 +msgid "" +":gh:`125378`: Fixed the bug in :mod:`pdb` where after a multi-line command, " +"an empty line repeats the first line of the multi-line command, instead of " +"the full command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1101 +msgid "" +":gh:`125682`: Reject non-ASCII digits in the Python implementation of " +":func:`json.loads` conforming to the JSON specification." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1104 +msgid "" +":gh:`125660`: Reject invalid unicode escapes for Python implementation of " +":func:`json.loads`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1107 +msgid "" +":gh:`125259`: Fix the notes removal logic for errors thrown in enum " +"initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1110 +msgid "" +":gh:`125590`: Allow ``FrameLocalsProxy`` to delete and pop if the key is not" +" a fast variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1113 +msgid "" +":gh:`125519`: Improve traceback if :func:`importlib.reload` is called with " +"an object that is not a module. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1116 +msgid "" +":gh:`125451`: Fix deadlock when " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` shuts down concurrently with" +" an error when feeding a job to a worker process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1120 +msgid "" +":gh:`125422`: Fixed the bug where :mod:`pdb` and :mod:`bdb` can step into " +"the bottom caller frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1123 +msgid "" +":gh:`100141`: Fixed the bug where :mod:`pdb` will be stuck in an infinite " +"loop when debugging an empty file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1126 +msgid "" +":gh:`125115`: Fixed a bug in :mod:`pdb` where arguments starting with ``-`` " +"can't be passed to the debugged script." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1129 +msgid "" +":gh:`53203`: Fix :func:`time.strptime` for ``%c``, ``%x`` and ``%X`` formats" +" in many locales that use non-ASCII digits, like Persian, Burmese, Odia and " +"Shan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1133 +msgid "" +":gh:`125398`: Fix the conversion of the :envvar:`!VIRTUAL_ENV` path in the " +"activate script in :mod:`venv` when running in Git Bash for Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1136 +msgid "" +":gh:`125316`: Fix using :func:`functools.partial` as :class:`enum.Enum` " +"member. A FutureWarning with suggestion to use :func:`enum.member` is now " +"emitted when the ``partial`` instance is used as an enum member." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1140 +msgid "" +":gh:`125245`: Fix race condition when importing :mod:`collections.abc`, " +"which could incorrectly return an empty module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1143 +msgid "" +":gh:`125243`: Fix data race when creating :class:`zoneinfo.ZoneInfo` objects" +" in the free threading build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1146 +msgid "" +":gh:`125254`: Fix a bug where ArgumentError includes the incorrect ambiguous" +" option in :mod:`argparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1149 +msgid "" +":gh:`125235`: Keep :mod:`tkinter` TCL paths in venv pointing to base " +"installation on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1152 +msgid "" +":gh:`61011`: Fix inheritance of nested mutually exclusive groups from parent" +" parser in :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`. Previously, all nested mutually" +" exclusive groups lost their connection to the group containing them and " +"were displayed as belonging directly to the parser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1157 +msgid "" +":gh:`52551`: Fix encoding issues in :func:`time.strftime`, the " +":meth:`~datetime.datetime.strftime` method of the :mod:`datetime` classes " +":class:`~datetime.datetime`, :class:`~datetime.date` and " +":class:`~datetime.time` and formatting of these classes. Characters not " +"encodable in the current locale are now acceptable in the format string. " +"Surrogate pairs and sequence of surrogatescape-encoded bytes are no longer " +"recombinated. Embedded null character no longer terminates the format " +"string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1166 +msgid "" +":gh:`125118`: Don't copy arbitrary values to :c:expr:`_Bool` in the " +":mod:`struct` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1169 +msgid "" +":gh:`125069`: Fix an issue where providing a :class:`pathlib.PurePath` " +"object as an initializer argument to a second :class:`~pathlib.PurePath` " +"object with a different :attr:`~pathlib.PurePath.parser` resulted in " +"arguments to the former object's initializer being joined by the latter " +"object's parser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1175 +msgid "" +":gh:`125096`: If the :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` environment variable is " +"set, the :mod:`site` module no longer imports the :mod:`!_pyrepl` module. " +"Moreover, the :mod:`site` module now respects :option:`-E` and :option:`-I` " +"command line options: ignore :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` in this case. Patch" +" by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1181 +msgid "" +":gh:`124969`: Fix ``locale.nl_langinfo(locale.ALT_DIGITS)`` on platforms " +"with glibc. Now it returns a string consisting of up to 100 semicolon-" +"separated symbols (an empty string in most locales) on all Posix platforms. " +"Previously it only returned the first symbol or an empty string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1186 +msgid "" +":gh:`124960`: Fix support for the ``barry_as_FLUFL`` future flag in the new " +"REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1189 +msgid "" +":gh:`124984`: Fixed thread safety in :mod:`ssl` in the free-threaded build. " +"OpenSSL operations are now protected by a per-object lock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1192 +msgid "" +":gh:`124958`: Fix refcycles in exceptions raised from " +":class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` and the python implementation of " +":class:`asyncio.Future`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1196 +msgid "" +":gh:`53203`: Fix :func:`time.strptime` for ``%c`` and ``%x`` formats in many" +" locales: Arabic, Bislama, Breton, Bodo, Kashubian, Chuvash, Estonian, " +"French, Irish, Ge'ez, Gurajati, Manx Gaelic, Hebrew, Hindi, Chhattisgarhi, " +"Haitian Kreyol, Japanese, Kannada, Korean, Marathi, Malay, Norwegian, " +"Nynorsk, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Tok Pisin, Yoruba, Yue Chinese, Yau/Nungon and" +" Chinese." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1203 +msgid "" +":gh:`124917`: Allow calling :func:`os.path.exists` and " +":func:`os.path.lexists` with keyword arguments on Windows. Fixes a " +"regression in 3.13.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1207 +msgid "" +":gh:`124653`: Fix detection of the minimal Queue API needed by the " +":mod:`logging` module. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1210 +msgid "" +":gh:`124858`: Fix reference cycles left in tracebacks in " +":func:`asyncio.open_connection` when used with ``happy_eyeballs_delay``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1213 +msgid "" +":gh:`124390`: Fixed :exc:`AssertionError` when using " +":func:`!asyncio.staggered.staggered_race` with " +":attr:`asyncio.eager_task_factory`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1217 +msgid "" +":gh:`124651`: Properly quote template strings in :mod:`venv` activation " +"scripts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1220 +msgid "" +":gh:`116850`: Fix :mod:`argparse` for namespaces with not directly writable " +"dict (e.g. classes)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1223 +msgid "" +":gh:`58573`: Fix conflicts between abbreviated long options in the parent " +"parser and subparsers in :mod:`argparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1226 +msgid "" +":gh:`124594`: All :mod:`asyncio` REPL prompts run in the same " +":class:`context `. Contributed by Bartosz Sławecki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1229 +msgid "" +":gh:`61181`: Fix support of :ref:`choices` with string value in " +":mod:`argparse`. Substrings of the specified string no longer considered " +"valid values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1233 +msgid "" +":gh:`80259`: Fix :mod:`argparse` support of positional arguments with " +"``nargs='?'``, ``default=argparse.SUPPRESS`` and specified ``type``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1236 +msgid "" +":gh:`120378`: Fix a crash related to an integer overflow in " +":func:`curses.resizeterm` and :func:`curses.resize_term`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1239 +msgid "" +":gh:`123884`: Fixed bug in itertools.tee() handling of other tee inputs (a " +"tee in a tee). The output now has the promised *n* independent new " +"iterators. Formerly, the first iterator was identical (not independent) to " +"the input iterator. This would sometimes give surprising results." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1244 +msgid "" +":gh:`58956`: Fixed a bug in :mod:`pdb` where sometimes the breakpoint won't " +"trigger if it was set on a function which is already in the call stack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1247 +msgid "" +":gh:`124345`: :mod:`argparse` vim supports abbreviated single-dash long " +"options separated by ``=`` from its value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1250 +msgid "" +":gh:`104860`: Fix disallowing abbreviation of single-dash long options in " +":mod:`argparse` with ``allow_abbrev=False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1253 +msgid "" +":gh:`63143`: Fix parsing mutually exclusive arguments in :mod:`argparse`. " +"Arguments with the value identical to the default value (e.g. booleans, " +"small integers, empty or 1-character strings) are no longer considered \"not" +" present\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1258 +msgid "" +":gh:`72795`: Positional arguments with :ref:`nargs` equal to ``'*'`` or " +":data:`!argparse.REMAINDER` are no longer required. This allows to use " +"positional argument with ``nargs='*'`` and without ``default`` in mutually " +"exclusive group and improves error message about required arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1263 +msgid "" +":gh:`59317`: Fix parsing positional argument with :ref:`nargs` equal to " +"``'?'`` or ``'*'`` if it is preceded by an option and another positional " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1267 +msgid "" +":gh:`53780`: :mod:`argparse` now ignores the first ``\"--\"`` (double dash) " +"between an option and command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1270 +msgid "" +":gh:`124217`: Add RFC 9637 reserved IPv6 block ``3fff::/20`` in " +":mod:`ipaddress` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1273 +msgid "" +":gh:`81691`: Fix handling of multiple ``\"--\"`` (double dashes) in " +":mod:`argparse`. Only the first one has now been removed, all subsequent " +"ones are now taken literally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1277 +msgid "" +":gh:`123978`: Remove broken :func:`time.thread_time` and " +":func:`time.thread_time_ns` on NetBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1280 +msgid "" +":gh:`124008`: Fix possible crash (in debug build), incorrect output or " +"returning incorrect value from raw binary ``write()`` when writing to " +"console on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1284 +msgid "" +":gh:`123935`: Fix parent slots detection for dataclasses that inherit from " +"classes with ``__dictoffset__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1287 +msgid "" +":gh:`122765`: Fix unbalanced quote errors occurring when activate.csh in " +":mod:`venv` was sourced with a custom prompt containing unpaired quotes or " +"newlines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1291 +msgid "" +":gh:`123370`: Fix the canvas not clearing after running turtledemo clock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1293 +msgid "" +":gh:`116810`: Resolve a memory leak introduced in CPython 3.10's :mod:`ssl` " +"when the :attr:`ssl.SSLSocket.session` property was accessed. Speeds up " +"read and write access to said property by no longer unnecessarily cloning " +"session objects via serialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1298 +msgid "" +":gh:`120754`: Update unbounded ``read`` calls in :mod:`zipfile` to specify " +"an explicit ``size`` putting a limit on how much data they may read. This " +"also updates handling around ZIP max comment size to match the standard " +"instead of reading comments that are one byte too long." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1303 +msgid "" +":gh:`70764`: Fixed an issue where :func:`inspect.getclosurevars` would " +"incorrectly classify an attribute name as a global variable when the name " +"exists both as an attribute name and a global variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1307 +msgid "" +":gh:`118289`: :func:`!posixpath.realpath` now raises " +":exc:`NotADirectoryError` when *strict* mode is enabled and a non-directory " +"path with a trailing slash is supplied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1311 +msgid "" +":gh:`119826`: Always return an absolute path for :func:`os.path.abspath` on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1314 +msgid "" +":gh:`117766`: Always use :func:`str` to print ``choices`` in " +":mod:`argparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1316 +msgid "" +":gh:`101955`: Fix SystemError when match regular expression pattern " +"containing some combination of possessive quantifier, alternative and " +"capture group." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1320 +msgid "" +":gh:`88110`: Fixed :class:`multiprocessing.Process` reporting a " +"``.exitcode`` of 1 even on success when using the ``\"fork\"`` start method " +"while using a :class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1324 +msgid "" +":gh:`71936`: Fix a race condition in :class:`multiprocessing.pool.Pool`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1326 +msgid "" +":issue:`46128`: Strip :class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` stack frames" +" from reported stacktraces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1329 +msgid "" +":issue:`14074`: Fix :mod:`argparse` metavar processing to allow positional " +"arguments to have a tuple metavar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1335 +msgid "" +":gh:`122392`: Increase currently inadequate vertical spacing for the IDLE " +"browsers (path, module, and stack) on high-resolution monitors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1341 +msgid "" +":gh:`126622`: Added stub pages for removed modules explaining their removal," +" where to find replacements, and linking to the last Python version that " +"supported them. Contributed by Ned Batchelder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1345 +msgid "" +":gh:`125277`: Require Sphinx 7.2.6 or later to build the Python " +"documentation. Patch by Adam Turner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1348 +msgid "" +":gh:`124872`: Added definitions for :term:`context`, :term:`current " +"context`, and :term:`context management protocol`, updated related " +"definitions to be consistent, and expanded the documentation for " +":class:`contextvars.Context`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1353 +msgid "" +":gh:`125018`: The :mod:`importlib.metadata` documentation now includes " +"semantic cross-reference targets for the significant documented APIs. This " +"means intersphinx references like :func:`importlib.metadata.version` will " +"now work as expected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1358 +msgid "" +":gh:`70870`: Clarified the dual usage of the term \"free variable\" (both " +"the formal meaning of any reference to names defined outside the local " +"scope, and the narrower pragmatic meaning of nonlocal variables named in " +"``co_freevars``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1363 +msgid "" +":gh:`121277`: Writers of CPython's documentation can now use ``next`` as the" +" version for the ``versionchanged``, ``versionadded``, ``deprecated`` " +"directives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1367 +msgid "" +":gh:`60712`: Include the :class:`object` type in the lists of documented " +"types. Change by Furkan Onder and Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1370 +msgid "" +":issue:`34008`: The :c:func:`Py_Main` documentation moved from the \"Very " +"High Level API\" section to the \"Initialization and Finalization\" section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1373 +msgid "" +"Also make it explicit that we expect ``Py_Main`` to typically be called " +"instead of ``Py_Initialize`` rather than after it (since ``Py_Main`` makes " +"its own call to ``Py_Initialize``). Document that calling both is supported " +"but is version dependent on which settings will be applied correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1382 +msgid "" +":gh:`113841`: Fix possible undefined behavior division by zero in " +":class:`complex`'s :c:func:`_Py_c_pow`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1385 +msgid "" +":gh:`127020`: Fix a crash in the free threading build when " +":c:func:`PyCode_GetCode`, :c:func:`PyCode_GetVarnames`, " +":c:func:`PyCode_GetCellvars`, or :c:func:`PyCode_GetFreevars` were called " +"from multiple threads at the same time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1390 +msgid "" +":gh:`126980`: Fix :meth:`~object.__buffer__` of :class:`bytearray` crashing " +"when :attr:`~inspect.BufferFlags.READ` or :attr:`~inspect.BufferFlags.WRITE`" +" are passed as flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1394 +msgid "" +":gh:`126881`: Fix crash in finalization of dtoa state. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1396 +msgid "" +":gh:`126341`: Now :exc:`ValueError` is raised instead of :exc:`SystemError` " +"when trying to iterate over a released :class:`memoryview` object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1399 +msgid "" +":gh:`126688`: Fix a crash when calling :func:`os.fork` on some operating " +"systems, including SerenityOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1402 +msgid "" +":gh:`126066`: Fix :mod:`importlib` to not write an incomplete .pyc files " +"when a ulimit or some other operating system mechanism is preventing the " +"write to go through fully." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1406 +msgid "" +":gh:`126312`: Fix crash during garbage collection on an object frozen by " +":func:`gc.freeze` on the free-threaded build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1409 +msgid "" +":gh:`126139`: Provide better error location when attempting to use a " +":term:`future statement <__future__>` with an unknown future feature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1412 +msgid "" +":gh:`126018`: Fix a crash in :func:`sys.audit` when passing a non-string as " +"first argument and Python was compiled in debug mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1415 +msgid "" +":gh:`125942`: On Android, the ``errors`` setting of :any:`sys.stdout` was " +"changed from ``surrogateescape`` to ``backslashreplace``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1418 +msgid "" +":gh:`125859`: Fix a crash in the free threading build when " +":func:`gc.get_objects` or :func:`gc.get_referrers` is called during an in-" +"progress garbage collection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1422 +msgid "" +":gh:`125703`: Correctly honour :mod:`tracemalloc` hooks in specialized " +"``Py_DECREF`` paths. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1425 +msgid "" +":gh:`125593`: Use color to highlight error locations in traceback from " +"exception group" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1428 +msgid "" +":gh:`125444`: Fix illegal instruction for older Arm architectures. Patch by " +"Diego Russo, testing by Ross Burton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1431 +msgid "" +":gh:`124375`: Fix a crash in the free threading build when the GC runs " +"concurrently with a new thread starting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1434 +msgid "" +":gh:`125221`: Fix possible race condition when calling " +":meth:`~object.__reduce_ex__` for the first time in the free threading " +"build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1438 +msgid "" +":gh:`125038`: Fix crash when iterating over a generator expression after " +"direct changes on ``gi_frame.f_locals``. Patch by Mikhail Efimov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1441 +msgid "" +":gh:`123378`: Fix a crash in the :meth:`~object.__str__` method of " +":exc:`UnicodeError` objects when the :attr:`UnicodeError.start` and " +":attr:`UnicodeError.end` values are invalid or out-of-range. Patch by " +"Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1446 +msgid "" +":gh:`116510`: Fix a crash caused by immortal interned strings being shared " +"between sub-interpreters that use basic single-phase init. In that case, " +"the string can be used by an interpreter that outlives the interpreter that " +"created and interned it. For interpreters that share obmalloc state, also " +"share the interned dict with the main interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1452 +msgid "" +":gh:`122878`: Use the ``pager`` binary, if available (e.g. on Debian and " +"derivatives), to display REPL ``help()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1455 +msgid "" +":gh:`124188`: Fix reading and decoding a line from the source file witn non-" +"UTF-8 encoding for syntax errors raised in the compiler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1458 +msgid "" +":gh:`123930`: Improve the error message when a script shadowing a module " +"from the standard library causes :exc:`ImportError` to be raised during a " +"\"from\" import. Similarly, improve the error message when a script " +"shadowing a third party module attempts to \"from\" import an attribute from" +" that third party module while still initialising." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1464 +msgid "" +":gh:`122907`: Building with ``HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING`` now works as well as it" +" did in 3.12. Existing deficiences will be addressed separately. (See " +"https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122950.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1468 +msgid "" +":gh:`118950`: Fix bug where SSLProtocol.connection_lost wasn't getting " +"called when OSError was thrown on writing to socket." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1471 +msgid "" +":gh:`113570`: Fixed a bug in ``reprlib.repr`` where it incorrectly called " +"the repr method on shadowed Python built-in types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1474 +msgid "" +":gh:`109746`: If :func:`!_thread.start_new_thread` fails to start a new " +"thread, it deletes its state from interpreter and thus avoids its repeated " +"cleanup on finalization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1481 +msgid "" +":gh:`126554`: Fix error handling in :class:`ctypes.CDLL` objects which could" +" result in a crash in rare situations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1484 +msgid "" +":gh:`125608`: Fix a bug where dictionary watchers (e.g., " +":c:func:`PyDict_Watch`) on an object's attribute dictionary " +"(:attr:`~object.__dict__`) were not triggered when the object's attributes " +"were modified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1489 +msgid "" +":issue:`34008`: Added ``Py_IsInitialized`` to the list of APIs that are safe" +" to call before the interpreter is initialized, and updated the embedding " +"tests to cover it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1496 +msgid "" +":gh:`123877`: Set ``wasm32-wasip1`` as the WASI target. The old " +"``wasm32-wasi`` target is deprecated so it can be used for an eventual WASI " +"1.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1500 +msgid ":gh:`89640`: Hard-code float word ordering as little endian on WASM." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1502 +msgid "" +":gh:`125940`: The Android build now supports `16 KB page sizes " +"`__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1505 +msgid "" +":gh:`89640`: Improve detection of float word ordering on Linux when link-" +"time optimizations are enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1508 +msgid "" +":gh:`125269`: Fix detection of whether ``-latomic`` is needed when cross-" +"compiling CPython using the configure script." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1511 +msgid ":gh:`121634`: Allow for specifying the target compile triple for WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1513 +msgid ":gh:`122578`: Use WASI SDK 24 for testing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1515 +msgid "" +":gh:`115382`: Fix cross compile failures when the host and target SOABIs " +"match." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1520 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 final" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1522 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-10-07*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1527 +msgid "" +":gh:`125008`: Fix :func:`tokenize.untokenize` producing invalid syntax for " +"double braces preceded by certain escape characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1530 +msgid "" +":gh:`124871`: Fix compiler bug (in some versions of 3.13) where an assertion" +" fails during reachability analysis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1535 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 release candidate 3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1537 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-10-01*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1542 +msgid "" +":gh:`123797`: Check for runtime availability of ``ptsname_r`` function on " +"macos." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1548 +msgid "" +":gh:`124609`: Fix ``_Py_ThreadId`` for Windows builds using MinGW. Patch by " +"Tony Roberts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1551 +msgid "" +":gh:`124254`: Ensures experimental free-threaded binaries remain installed " +"when updating." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1554 +msgid "" +":gh:`123915`: Ensure that ``Tools\\msi\\buildrelease.bat`` uses different " +"directories for AMD64 and ARM64 builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1560 +msgid ":gh:`124378`: Updated ``test_ttk`` to pass with Tcl/Tk 8.6.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1565 +msgid "" +":gh:`124538`: Fixed crash when using :func:`gc.get_referents` on a capsule " +"object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1568 +msgid "" +":gh:`124498`: Fix :class:`typing.TypeAliasType` not to be generic, when " +"``type_params`` is an empty tuple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1571 +msgid "" +":gh:`123017`: Due to unreliable results on some devices, " +":func:`time.strftime` no longer accepts negative years on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1574 +msgid "" +":gh:`123014`: :func:`os.pidfd_open` and :func:`signal.pidfd_send_signal` are" +" now unavailable when building against Android API levels older than 31, " +"since the underlying system calls may cause a crash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1578 +msgid "" +":gh:`124248`: Fixed potential crash when using :mod:`struct` to process " +"zero-width 'Pascal string' fields (``0p``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1581 +msgid "" +":gh:`87041`: Fix a bug in :mod:`argparse` where lengthy subparser argument " +"help is incorrectly indented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1584 +msgid "" +":gh:`124212`: Fix invalid variable in :mod:`venv` handling of failed symlink" +" on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1587 +msgid "" +":gh:`124171`: Add workaround for broken :c:func:`!fmod()` implementations on" +" Windows, that loose zero sign (e.g. ``fmod(-10, 1)`` returns ``0.0``). " +"Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1591 +msgid "" +":gh:`123934`: Fix :class:`unittest.mock.MagicMock` reseting magic methods " +"return values after ``.reset_mock(return_value=True)`` was called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1594 +msgid "" +":gh:`123968`: Fix the command-line interface for the :mod:`random` module to" +" select floats between 0 and N, not 1 and N." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1597 +msgid "" +":gh:`123892`: Add ``\"_wmi\"`` to :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names`. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1600 +msgid "" +":gh:`123339`: Fix :func:`inspect.getsource` for classes in " +":mod:`collections.abc` and :mod:`decimal` (for pure Python implementation) " +"modules. :func:`inspect.getcomments` now raises OSError instead of " +"IndexError if the ``__firstlineno__`` value for a class is out of bound." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1605 +msgid "" +":gh:`121735`: When working with zip archives, importlib.resources now " +"properly honors module-adjacent references (e.g. ``files(pkg.mod)`` and not " +"just ``files(pkg)``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1609 +msgid "" +":gh:`122145`: Fix an issue when reporting tracebacks corresponding to Python" +" code emitting an empty AST body. Patch by Nikita Sobolev and Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1613 +msgid "" +":gh:`119004`: Fix a crash in :ref:`OrderedDict.__eq__ " +"` when operands are mutated during the check." +" Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1617 +msgid "" +":issue:`44864`: Do not translate user-provided strings in " +":class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1623 +msgid "" +":gh:`112938`: Fix uninteruptable hang when Shell gets rapid continuous " +"output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1626 +msgid ":gh:`120104`: Fix padding in config and search dialog windows in IDLE." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1631 +msgid "" +":gh:`124720`: Update \"Using Python on a Mac\" section of the \"Python Setup" +" and Usage\" document and include information on installing free-threading " +"support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1635 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: Add an Android platform guide, and flag modules not available " +"on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1641 +msgid "" +":gh:`124567`: Revert the incremental GC (in 3.13), since it's not clear the " +"benefits outweigh the costs at this point." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1644 +msgid "" +":gh:`124642`: Fixed scalability issue in free-threaded builds for lock-free " +"reads from dictionaries in multi-threaded scenarios" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1647 +msgid "" +":gh:`116510`: Fix a bug that can cause a crash when sub-interpreters use " +"\"basic\" single-phase extension modules. Shared objects could refer to " +"PyGC_Head nodes that had been freed as part of interpreter cleanup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1651 +msgid "" +":gh:`124547`: When deallocating an object with inline values whose " +"``__dict__`` is still live: if memory allocation for the inline values " +"fails, clear the dictionary. Prevents an interpreter crash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1655 +msgid "" +":gh:`124513`: Fix a crash in FrameLocalsProxy constructor: check the number " +"of arguments. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1658 +msgid "" +":gh:`124442`: Fix nondeterminism in compilation by sorting the value of " +":attr:`~type.__static_attributes__`. Patch by kp2pml30." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1661 +msgid "" +":gh:`123856`: Fix PyREPL failure when a keyboard interrupt is triggered " +"after using a history search" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1664 +msgid "" +":gh:`65961`: Document the deprecation of setting and using ``__package__`` " +"and ``__cached__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1667 +msgid "" +":gh:`124027`: Support ````, ````, and ```` keys " +"in the Python REPL when ``$TERM`` is set to ``vt100``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1670 +msgid "" +":gh:`77894`: Fix possible crash in the garbage collector when it tries to " +"break a reference loop containing a :class:`memoryview` object. Now a " +":class:`!memoryview` object can only be cleared if there are no buffers that" +" refer it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1675 +msgid "" +":gh:`123339`: Setting the :attr:`!__module__` attribute for a class now " +"removes the ``__firstlineno__`` item from the type's dict, so they will no " +"longer be inconsistent." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1682 +msgid "" +":gh:`124160`: Fix crash when importing modules containing state and single-" +"phase initialization in a subinterpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1685 +msgid "" +":gh:`123880`: Fixed a bug that prevented circular imports of extension " +"modules that use single-phase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1691 +msgid "" +":gh:`124487`: Windows builds now use Windows 8.1 as their API baseline " +"(installation already required Windows 8.1)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1694 +msgid "" +":gh:`124043`: Building using :option:`--with-trace-refs` is (temporarily) " +"disallowed when the GIL is disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1699 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 release candidate 2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1701 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-09-06*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1706 +msgid ":gh:`123418`: Updated macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 3.0.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1711 +msgid ":gh:`123418`: Updated Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1713 +msgid ":gh:`122573`: The Windows build of CPython now requires 3.10 or newer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1715 +msgid "" +":gh:`100256`: :mod:`mimetypes` no longer fails when it encounters an " +"inaccessible registry key." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1718 +msgid "" +":gh:`79846`: Makes :code:`ssl.create_default_context()` ignore invalid " +"certificates in the Windows certificate store" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1724 +msgid "" +":gh:`123418`: Update GitHub CI workflows to use OpenSSL 3.0.15 and " +"multissltests to use 3.0.15, 3.1.7, and 3.2.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1730 +msgid "" +":gh:`119727`: Add ``--single-process`` command line option to Python test " +"runner (regrtest). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1733 +msgid "" +":gh:`101525`: Skip ``test_gdb`` if the binary is relocated by BOLT. Patch by" +" Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1739 +msgid ":gh:`123678`: Upgrade libexpat to 2.6.3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1741 +msgid "" +":gh:`121285`: Remove backtracking from tarfile header parsing for " +"``hdrcharset``, PAX, and GNU sparse headers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1747 +msgid "" +":gh:`123657`: Fix crash and memory leak in :func:`decimal.getcontext`. It " +"crashed when using a thread-local context by ``--with-decimal-" +"contextvar=no``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1751 +msgid "" +":gh:`123448`: Fixed memory leak of :class:`typing.NoDefault` by moving it to" +" the static types array." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1754 +msgid "" +":gh:`123409`: Fix :attr:`ipaddress.IPv6Address.reverse_pointer` output " +"according to :rfc:`RFC 3596, §2.5 <3596#section-2.5>`. Patch by Bénédikt " +"Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1758 +msgid "" +":gh:`123270`: Applied a more surgical fix for malformed payloads in " +":class:`zipfile.Path` causing infinite loops (:gh:`122905`) without breaking" +" contents using legitimate characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1762 +msgid "" +":gh:`123228`: Fix return type for " +":func:`!_pyrepl.readline._ReadlineWrapper.get_line_buffer` to be " +":func:`str`. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1766 +msgid "" +":gh:`123240`: Raise audit events for the :func:`input` in the new REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1768 +msgid ":gh:`123243`: Fix memory leak in :mod:`!_decimal`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1770 +msgid "" +":gh:`122546`: Consistently use same file name for different exceptions in " +"the new repl. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1773 +msgid "" +":gh:`123213`: :meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.extend` and " +":class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` assignment no longer hide the " +"internal exception if an erronous generator is passed. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1777 +msgid "" +":gh:`85110`: Preserve relative path in URL without netloc in " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlunsplit` and :func:`urllib.parse.urlunparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1780 +msgid "" +":gh:`123067`: Fix quadratic complexity in parsing ``\"``-quoted cookie " +"values with backslashes by :mod:`http.cookies`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1783 +msgid "" +":gh:`122981`: Fix :func:`inspect.getsource` for generated classes with " +"Python base classes (e.g. enums)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1786 +msgid "" +":gh:`122903`: ``zipfile.Path.glob`` now correctly matches directories " +"instead of silently omitting them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1789 +msgid "" +":gh:`122905`: :class:`zipfile.Path` objects now sanitize names from the " +"zipfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1792 +msgid "" +":gh:`122695`: Fixed double-free when using :func:`gc.get_referents` with a " +"freed :class:`asyncio.Future` iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1795 +msgid "" +":gh:`116263`: :class:`logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler` no longer rolls " +"over empty log files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1798 +msgid "" +":gh:`105376`: Restore the deprecated :mod:`logging` ``warn()`` method. It " +"was removed in Python 3.13 alpha 1. Keep the deprecated ``warn()`` method in" +" Python 3.13. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1802 +msgid "" +":gh:`122744`: Bump the version of pip bundled in ensurepip to version 24.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1804 +msgid "" +":gh:`118814`: Fix the :class:`typing.TypeVar` constructor when name is " +"passed by keyword." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1807 +msgid "" +":gh:`122478`: Remove internal frames from tracebacks shown in " +":class:`code.InteractiveInterpreter` with non-default " +":func:`sys.excepthook`. Save correct tracebacks in " +":attr:`sys.last_traceback` and update ``__traceback__`` attribute of " +":attr:`sys.last_value` and :attr:`sys.last_exc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1813 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: On Android, the ``FICLONE`` and ``FICLONERANGE`` constants are" +" no longer exposed by :mod:`fcntl`, as these ioctls are blocked by SELinux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1816 +msgid "" +":gh:`82378`: Make sure that the new :term:`REPL` interprets " +":data:`sys.tracebacklimit` in the same way that the classic REPL did." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1819 +msgid "" +":gh:`122334`: Fix crash when importing :mod:`ssl` after the main interpreter" +" restarts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1822 +msgid "" +":gh:`87320`: In :class:`code.InteractiveInterpreter`, handle exceptions " +"caused by calling a non-default :func:`sys.excepthook`. Before, the " +"exception bubbled up to the caller, ending the :term:`REPL`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1826 +msgid "" +":gh:`121650`: :mod:`email` headers with embedded newlines are now quoted on " +"output. The :mod:`~email.generator` will now refuse to serialize (write) " +"headers that are unsafely folded or delimited; see " +":attr:`~email.policy.Policy.verify_generated_headers`. (Contributed by Bas " +"Bloemsaat and Petr Viktorin in :gh:`121650`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1832 +msgid "" +":gh:`121723`: Make :func:`logging.config.dictConfig` accept any object " +"implementing the Queue public API. See the :ref:`queue configuration " +"` section for details. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1836 +msgid "" +":gh:`122081`: Fix a crash in the :func:`!decimal.IEEEContext` optional " +"function available via the ``EXTRA_FUNCTIONALITY`` configuration flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1839 +msgid "" +":gh:`121804`: Correctly show error locations, when :exc:`SyntaxError` raised" +" in new repl. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1842 +msgid "" +":gh:`121151`: Fix wrapping of long usage text of arguments inside a mutually" +" exclusive group in :mod:`argparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1845 +msgid "" +":gh:`108172`: ``webbrowser`` honors OS preferred browser on Linux when its " +"desktop entry name contains the text of a known browser name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1848 ../NEWS:7291 +msgid "" +":gh:`109109`: You can now get the raw TLS certificate chains from TLS " +"connections via :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.get_verified_chain` and " +":meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.get_unverified_chain` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1852 ../NEWS:7295 +msgid "Contributed by Mateusz Nowak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1857 +msgid "" +":gh:`120083`: Add explicit black IDLE Hovertip foreground color needed for " +"recent macOS. Fixes Sonoma showing unreadable white on pale yellow. Patch " +"by John Riggles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1864 +msgid "" +":gh:`120221`: asyncio REPL is now again properly recognizing " +"KeyboardInterrupts. Display of exceptions raised in secondary threads is " +"fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1868 +msgid "" +":gh:`119310`: Allow the new interactive shell to read history files written " +"with the editline library that use unicode-escaped entries. Patch by " +"aorcajo and Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1872 +msgid "" +":gh:`123572`: Fix key mappings for various F-keys in Windows for the new " +"REPL. Patch by devdanzin" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1875 +msgid "" +":gh:`119034`: Change ```` and ```` keys of the Python " +"REPL to history search forward/backward. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1878 +msgid "" +":gh:`123545`: Fix a double decref in rare cases on experimental JIT builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1880 +msgid "" +":gh:`123484`: Fix ``_Py_DebugOffsets`` for long objects to be relative to " +"the start of the object rather than the start of a subobject." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1883 +msgid ":gh:`123344`: Add AST optimizations for type parameter defaults." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1885 +msgid "" +":gh:`123321`: Prevent Parser/myreadline race condition from segfaulting on " +"multi-threaded use. Patch by Bar Harel and Amit Wienner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1888 +msgid "" +":gh:`123177`: Fix a bug causing stray prompts to appear in the middle of " +"wrapped lines in the new REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1891 +msgid "" +":gh:`122982`: Extend the deprecation period for bool inversion (``~``) by " +"two years." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1894 +msgid "" +":gh:`123275`: Support :option:`-X gil=1 <-X>` and :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=1 " +"` on non-free-threaded builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1897 +msgid "" +":gh:`123177`: Deactivate line wrap in the Apple Terminal via a ANSI escape " +"code. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1900 +msgid "" +":gh:`123229`: Fix valgrind warning by initializing the f-string buffers to 0" +" in the tokenizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1903 +msgid "" +":gh:`122298`: Restore printout of GC stats when " +"``gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_STATS)`` is called. This featue was accidentally " +"removed when implementing incremental GC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1907 +msgid "" +":gh:`121804`: Correctly show error locations when a :exc:`SyntaxError` is " +"raised in the basic REPL. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1910 +msgid "" +":gh:`123142`: Fix too-wide source location in exception tracebacks coming " +"from broken iterables in comprehensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1913 +msgid "" +":gh:`123048`: Fix a bug where pattern matching code could emit a " +":opcode:`JUMP_FORWARD` with no source location." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1916 +msgid "" +":gh:`123123`: Fix displaying :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions covering multiple" +" lines. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1919 +msgid "" +":gh:`123083`: Fix a potential use-after-free in ``STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1921 +msgid "" +":gh:`123022`: Fix crash in free-threaded build when calling " +":c:func:`Py_Initialize` from a non-main thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1924 +msgid "" +":gh:`122888`: Fix crash on certain calls to ``str()`` with positional " +"arguments of the wrong type. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1927 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: Fix Android stdout and stderr messages being truncated or " +"lost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1929 +msgid "" +":gh:`122527`: Fix a crash that occurred when a ``PyStructSequence`` was " +"deallocated after its type's dictionary was cleared by the GC. The type's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` now accounts for non-sequence fields " +"that aren't included in the :c:macro:`Py_SIZE` of the sequence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1934 +msgid "" +":gh:`122445`: Add only fields which are modified via self.* to " +":attr:`~type.__static_attributes__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1937 +msgid "" +":gh:`98442`: Fix too wide source locations of the cleanup instructions of a " +"with statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1940 +msgid "" +":gh:`93691`: Fix source locations of instructions generated for with " +"statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1943 +msgid "" +":gh:`120097`: ``FrameLocalsProxy`` now subclasses " +"``collections.abc.Mapping`` and can be matched as a mapping in ``match`` " +"statements" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1949 +msgid "" +":gh:`122728`: Fix :c:func:`PyEval_GetLocals` to avoid :exc:`SystemError` " +"(\"bad argument to internal function\"). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1955 +msgid ":gh:`123418`: Updated Android build to use OpenSSL 3.0.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1957 +msgid "" +":gh:`123297`: Propagate the value of ``LDFLAGS`` to ``LDCXXSHARED`` in " +":mod:`sysconfig`. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1960 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: Rename build variable ``MODULE_LDFLAGS`` back to " +"``LIBPYTHON``, as it's used by package build systems (e.g. Meson)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1963 +msgid "" +":gh:`118943`: Fix an issue where the experimental JIT could be built several" +" times by the ``make regen-all`` target, leading to possible race conditions" +" on heavily parallelized builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1967 +msgid "" +":gh:`118943`: Fix a possible race condition affecting parallel builds " +"configured with ``--enable-experimental-jit``, in which " +":exc:`FileNotFoundError` could be caused by another process already moving " +"``jit_stencils.h.new`` to ``jit_stencils.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1974 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 release candidate 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1976 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-07-31*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1981 +msgid "" +":gh:`59022`: Add tests for :func:`pkgutil.extend_path`. Patch by Andreas " +"Stocker." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1984 +msgid "" +":gh:`99242`: :func:`os.getloadavg` may throw :exc:`OSError` when running " +"regression tests under certain conditions (e.g. chroot). This error is now " +"caught and ignored, since reporting load average is optional." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1991 +msgid "" +":gh:`122133`: Authenticate the socket connection for the " +"``socket.socketpair()`` fallback on platforms where ``AF_UNIX`` is not " +"available like Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1995 +msgid "" +"Patch by Gregory P. Smith and Seth Larson " +". Reported by Ellie " +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:1998 +msgid "" +":gh:`121957`: Fixed missing audit events around interactive use of Python, " +"now also properly firing for ``python -i``, as well as for ``python -m " +"asyncio``. The events in question are ``cpython.run_stdin`` and " +"``cpython.run_startup``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2006 +msgid "" +":gh:`122400`: Handle :exc:`ValueError`\\s raised by :func:`os.stat` in " +":class:`filecmp.dircmp` and :func:`filecmp.cmpfiles`. Patch by Bénédikt " +"Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2010 +msgid ":gh:`122311`: Fix some error messages in :mod:`pickle`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2012 +msgid "" +":gh:`122332`: Fixed segfault with :meth:`asyncio.Task.get_coro` when using " +"an eager task factory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2015 +msgid "" +":gh:`105733`: :func:`ctypes.ARRAY` is now :term:`soft deprecated`: it no " +"longer emits deprecation warnings and is not scheduled for removal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2018 +msgid "" +":gh:`122087`: Restore :func:`inspect.ismethoddescriptor` and " +":func:`inspect.isroutine` returning ``False`` for :class:`functools.partial`" +" objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2022 +msgid "" +":gh:`122170`: Handle :exc:`ValueError`\\s raised by :func:`os.stat` in " +":mod:`linecache`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2025 +msgid "" +":gh:`82951`: Serializing objects with complex ``__qualname__`` (such as " +"unbound methods and nested classes) by name no longer involves serializing " +"parent objects by value in pickle protocols < 4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2029 +msgid "" +":gh:`113785`: :mod:`csv` now correctly parses numeric fields (when used with" +" :const:`csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC` or :const:`csv.QUOTE_STRINGS`) which start " +"with an escape character." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2033 +msgid "" +":gh:`122088`: :func:`@warnings.deprecated ` now copies " +"the coroutine status of functions and methods so that " +":func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` returns the correct result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2037 +msgid "" +":gh:`120930`: Fixed a bug introduced by :gh:`92081` that added an incorrect " +"extra blank to encoded words occurring in wrapped headers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2040 +msgid "" +":gh:`121474`: Fix missing sanity check for ``parties`` arg in " +":class:`threading.Barrier` constructor. Patch by Clinton Christian (pygeek)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2044 +msgid "" +":gh:`120289`: Fixed the use-after-free issue in :mod:`cProfile` by " +"disallowing ``disable()`` and ``clear()`` in external timers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2050 +msgid "" +":gh:`122482`: Change About IDLE to direct users to discuss.python.org " +"instead of the now unused idle-dev email and mailing list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2056 +msgid "" +":gh:`116090`: Fix an issue in JIT builds that prevented some :keyword:`for` " +"loops from correctly firing :monitoring-event:`RAISE` monitoring events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2059 +msgid "" +":gh:`122208`: Dictionary watchers now only deliver the PyDict_EVENT_ADDED " +"event when the insertion is in a known good state to succeed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2062 +msgid "" +":gh:`122300`: Preserve AST nodes for f-string with single-element format " +"specifiers. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2065 +msgid "" +":gh:`120906`: :attr:`frame.f_locals` now supports arbitrary hashable objects" +" as keys." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2068 +msgid "" +":gh:`122029`: Emit ``c_call`` events in :func:`sys.setprofile` when a " +"``PyMethodObject`` pointing to a ``PyCFunction`` is called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2071 +msgid "" +":gh:`122026`: Fix a bug that caused the tokenizer to not correctly identify " +"mismatched parentheses inside f-strings in some situations. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2075 +msgid ":gh:`118934`: Make ``PyEval_GetLocals`` return borrowed reference" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2080 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: Make :any:`PyObject_Print` work around a bug in Android and " +"OpenBSD which prevented it from throwing an exception when trying to write " +"to a read-only stream." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2084 +msgid ":gh:`121489`: Export private :c:func:`!_PyBytes_Join` again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2089 +msgid "" +":gh:`120522`: Added a :option:`--with-app-store-compliance` option to patch " +"out known issues with macOS/iOS App Store review processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2094 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 beta 4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2096 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-07-18*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2101 +msgid "" +":gh:`121084`: Fix test_typing random leaks. Clear typing ABC caches when " +"running tests for refleaks (``-R`` option): call ``_abc_caches_clear()`` on " +"typing abstract classes and their subclasses. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2105 +msgid "" +":gh:`121160`: Add a test for :func:`readline.set_history_length`. Note that " +"this test may fail on readline libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2108 +msgid "" +":gh:`121200`: Fix ``test_expanduser_pwd2()`` of ``test_posixpath``. Call " +"``getpwnam()`` to get ``pw_dir``, since it can be different than " +"``getpwall()`` ``pw_dir``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2112 +msgid "" +":gh:`121188`: When creating the JUnit XML file, regrtest now escapes " +"characters which are invalid in XML, such as the chr(27) control character " +"used in ANSI escape sequences. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2119 +msgid "" +":gh:`57141`: The *shallow* argument to :class:`filecmp.dircmp` (new in " +"Python 3.13) is now keyword-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2122 +msgid "" +":gh:`121245`: Simplify handling of the history file in " +"``site.register_readline()`` helper. The ``CAN_USE_PYREPL`` variable now " +"will be initialized, when imported. Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2126 +msgid "" +":gh:`121332`: Fix constructor of :mod:`ast` nodes with custom " +"``_attributes``. Previously, passing custom attributes would raise a " +":py:exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Passing arguments to the constructor that are " +"not in ``_fields`` or ``_attributes`` remains deprecated. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2132 +msgid "" +":gh:`121279`: Avoid :exc:`NameError` for the :mod:`warnings` module when " +"accessing the depracated atributes of the :mod:`importlib.abc` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2135 +msgid "" +":gh:`121245`: Fix a bug in the handling of the command history of the new " +":term:`REPL` that caused the history file to be wiped at REPL exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2138 +msgid "" +":gh:`87744`: Fix waitpid race while calling " +":meth:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process.send_signal` in asyncio. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2142 +msgid "" +":gh:`121018`: Fixed other issues where :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` did " +"not honor ``exit_on_error=False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2145 +msgid "" +":gh:`120678`: Fix regression in the new REPL that meant that globals from " +"files passed using the ``-i`` argument would not be included in the REPL's " +"global namespace. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2149 +msgid "" +":gh:`120782`: Fix wrong references of the :mod:`datetime` types after " +"reloading the module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2152 +msgid "" +":gh:`120713`: :meth:`datetime.datetime.strftime` now 0-pads years with less " +"than four digits for the format specifiers ``%Y`` and ``%G`` on Linux. Patch" +" by Ben Hsing" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2156 +msgid "" +":gh:`117983`: Defer the ``threading`` import in ``importlib.util`` until " +"lazy loading is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2159 +msgid "" +":gh:`119189`: When using the ``**`` operator or :func:`pow` with " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction` as the base and an exponent that is not " +"rational, a float, or a complex, the fraction is no longer converted to a " +"float." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2164 +msgid "" +":gh:`118714`: Allow ``restart`` in post-mortem debugging of :mod:`pdb`. " +"Removed restart message when the user quits pdb from post-mortem mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2167 +msgid "" +":gh:`105623`: Fix performance degradation in " +":class:`logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler`. Patch by Craig Robson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2173 +msgid "" +":gh:`78889`: Stop Shell freezes by blocking user access to non-method " +"sys.stdout.shell attributes, which are all private." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2179 +msgid ":gh:`121749`: Fix documentation for :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2181 +msgid "" +":gh:`120012`: Clarify the behaviours of :meth:`multiprocessing.Queue.empty` " +"and :meth:`multiprocessing.SimpleQueue.empty` on closed queues. Patch by " +"Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2188 +msgid "" +":gh:`121860`: Fix crash when rematerializing a managed dictionary after it " +"was deleted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2191 +msgid "" +":gh:`121814`: Fixed the SegFault when :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace` is used with" +" no Python frame on stack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2194 +msgid "" +":gh:`121295`: Fix PyREPL console getting into a blocked state after " +"interrupting a long paste" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2197 +msgid "" +":gh:`121794`: Fix bug in free-threaded Python where a resurrected object " +"could lead to a negative ref count assertion failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2200 +msgid "" +":gh:`121657`: Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` message if the user tries to " +"use :keyword:`yield from ` outside a function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2203 +msgid "" +":gh:`121609`: Fix pasting of characters containing unicode character joiners" +" in the new REPL. Patch by Marta Gomez Macias" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2206 +msgid "" +":gh:`117482`: Unexpected slot wrappers are no longer created for builtin " +"static types in subinterpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2209 +msgid "" +":gh:`121499`: Fix a bug affecting how multi-line history was being rendered " +"in the new REPL after interacting with the new screen cache. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2213 +msgid "" +":gh:`121497`: Fix a bug that was preventing the REPL to correctly respect " +"the history when an input hook was set. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2216 +msgid "" +":gh:`121012`: Tier 2 execution now ensures that list iterators remain " +"exhausted, once they become exhausted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2219 +msgid ":gh:`121439`: Allow tuples of length 20 in the freelist to be reused." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2221 +msgid "" +":gh:`121368`: Fix race condition in ``_PyType_Lookup`` in the free-threaded " +"build due to a missing memory fence. This could lead to ``_PyType_Lookup`` " +"returning incorrect results on arm64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2225 +msgid "" +":gh:`121130`: Fix f-strings with debug expressions in format specifiers. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2228 +msgid "" +":gh:`121115`: :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes` no longer uses " +":meth:`~object.__index__` methods by default. The " +"``Py_ASNATIVEBYTES_ALLOW_INDEX`` flag has been added to allow it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2235 +msgid "" +":gh:`89364`: Export the :c:func:`PySignal_SetWakeupFd` function. Previously," +" the function was documented but it couldn't be used in 3rd party code. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2239 +msgid "" +":gh:`113993`: :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` no longer prevents its " +"argument from being garbage collected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2242 +msgid "" +"Several functions that take ``char *`` are now documented as possibly " +"preventing string objects from being garbage collected; refer to their " +"documentation for details: :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, " +":c:func:`PyDict_SetItemString`, :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelAttrString`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternFromString`, and " +"``PyModule_Add*`` convenience functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2249 +msgid "" +":gh:`113601`: Removed debug build assertions related to interning strings, " +"which were falsely triggered by stable ABI extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2252 +msgid "" +":gh:`112136`: Restore the private ``_PyArg_Parser`` structure and the " +"private ``_PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywordsFast()`` function, previously removed " +"in Python 3.13 alpha 1. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2259 +msgid "" +":gh:`120371`: Support WASI SDK 22 by explicitly skipping functions that are " +"just stubs in wasi-libc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2262 +msgid ":gh:`121731`: Fix mimalloc compile error on GNU/Hurd" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2264 +msgid ":gh:`121487`: Fix deprecation warning for ATOMIC_VAR_INIT in mimalloc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2266 +msgid "" +":gh:`121467`: Fix a Makefile bug that prevented mimalloc header files from " +"being installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2269 +msgid "" +":gh:`121103`: On POSIX systems, excluding macOS framework installs, the lib " +"directory for the free-threaded build now includes a \"t\" suffix to avoid " +"conflicts with a co-located default build installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2273 +msgid ":gh:`120831`: The default minimum iOS version was increased to 13.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2275 +msgid "" +":gh:`113565`: Improve :mod:`curses` and :mod:`curses.panel` dependency " +"checks in :program:`configure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2280 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 beta 3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2282 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-06-27*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2287 +msgid "" +":gh:`120838`: :c:func:`Py_Finalize()` and :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx()` now " +"always run with the main interpreter active." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2290 +msgid "" +":gh:`113433`: Subinterpreters now get cleaned up automatically during " +"runtime finalization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2293 +msgid "" +":gh:`119462`: Make sure that invariants of type versioning are maintained: *" +" Superclasses always have their version number assigned before subclasses * " +"The version tag is always zero if the tag is not valid. * The version tag is" +" always non-zero if the tag is valid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2298 +msgid "" +":gh:`120437`: Fix ``_CHECK_STACK_SPACE`` optimization problems introduced in" +" :gh:`118322`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2301 +msgid "" +":gh:`120722`: Correctly set the bytecode position on return instructions " +"within lambdas. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2304 +msgid "" +":gh:`120367`: Fix bug where compiler creates a redundant jump during pseudo-" +"op replacement. Can only happen with a synthetic AST that has a try on the " +"same line as the instruction following the exception handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2308 +msgid "" +":gh:`113993`: Strings interned with :func:`sys.intern` are again garbage-" +"collected when no longer used, as per the documentation. Strings interned " +"with the C function :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` are still immortal. " +"Internals of the string interning mechanism have been changed. This may " +"affect performance and identities of :class:`str` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2314 +msgid "" +":gh:`120384`: Fix an array out of bounds crash in ``list_ass_subscript``, " +"which could be invoked via some specificly tailored input: including " +"concurrent modification of a list object, where one thread assigns a slice " +"and another clears it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2319 +msgid "" +":gh:`120367`: Fix crash in compiler on code with redundant NOPs and JUMPs " +"which show up after exception handlers are moved to the end of the code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2322 +msgid "" +":gh:`120380`: Fix Python implementation of :class:`pickle.Pickler` for " +":class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` objects when using protocol version 5." +" Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2326 +msgid "" +":gh:`120400`: Support Linux perf profiler to see Python calls on RISC-V " +"architecture." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2329 +msgid "" +":gh:`120221`: Deliver real signals on Ctrl-C and Ctrl-Z in the new REPL. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2332 +msgid "" +":gh:`120346`: Respect :envvar:`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL` when running in interative" +" inspect mode (``python -i``). Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2335 +msgid "" +":gh:`93691`: Fix source locations of instructions generated for the iterator" +" of a for statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2338 +msgid "" +":gh:`120198`: Fix a crash when multiple threads read and write to the same " +"``__class__`` of an object concurrently." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2341 +msgid "" +":gh:`120298`: Fix use-after free in ``list_richcompare_impl`` which can be " +"invoked via some specificly tailored evil input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2344 +msgid "" +":gh:`119666`: Fix a compiler crash in the case where two comprehensions in " +"class scope both reference ``__class__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2347 +msgid "" +":gh:`120225`: Fix crash in compiler on empty block at end of exception " +"handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2350 +msgid "" +":gh:`119933`: Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` messages for invalid expressions in" +" a type parameters bound, a type parameter constraint tuple or a default " +"type parameter. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2354 +msgid "" +":issue:`24766`: Fix handling of ``doc`` argument to subclasses of " +"``property``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2359 +msgid "" +":gh:`121027`: Add a future warning in :meth:`!functools.partial.__get__`. In" +" future Python versions :class:`functools.partial` will be a method " +"descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2363 +msgid "" +":gh:`121025`: Improve the :meth:`~object.__repr__` of " +":class:`functools.partialmethod`. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2366 +msgid "" +":gh:`121018`: Fixed an issue where " +":meth:`!argparse.ArgumentParser.parses_args` did not honor " +"``exit_on_error=False`` when given unrecognized arguments. Patch by Ben " +"Hsing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2371 +msgid "" +":gh:`119614`: Fix truncation of strings with embedded null characters in " +"some internal operations in :mod:`tkinter`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2374 +msgid "" +":gh:`120910`: When reading installed files from an egg, use " +"``relative_to(walk_up=True)`` to honor files installed outside of the " +"installation root." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2378 +msgid ":gh:`120888`: Upgrade pip wheel bundled with ensurepip (pip 24.1.1)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2380 +msgid "" +":gh:`101830`: Accessing the :mod:`tkinter` object's string representation no" +" longer converts the underlying Tcl object to a string on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2383 +msgid "" +":gh:`120811`: Fix possible memory leak in :meth:`contextvars.Context.run`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2385 +msgid "" +":gh:`120769`: Make empty line in :mod:`pdb` repeats the last command even " +"when the command is from ``cmdqueue``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2388 +msgid "" +":gh:`120732`: Fix ``name`` passing to :class:`unittest.mock.Mock` object " +"when using :func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2391 +msgid "" +":gh:`120683`: Fix an error in :class:`logging.LogRecord`, when the integer " +"part of the timestamp is rounded up, while the millisecond calculation " +"truncates, causing the log timestamp to be wrong by up to 999 ms (affected " +"roughly 1 in 8 million timestamps)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2396 +msgid ":gh:`120633`: Move scrollbar and remove tear-off menus in turtledemo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2398 +msgid "" +":gh:`120541`: Improve the prompt in the \"less\" pager when :func:`help` is " +"called with non-string argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2401 +msgid "" +":gh:`120495`: Fix incorrect exception handling in Tab Nanny. Patch by " +"Wulian233." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2404 +msgid "" +":gh:`120381`: Correct :func:`inspect.ismethoddescriptor` to check also for " +"the lack of :meth:`~object.__delete__`. Patch by Jan Kaliszewski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2407 +msgid "" +":gh:`90425`: The OS byte in gzip headers is now always set to 255 when using" +" :func:`gzip.compress`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2410 +msgid "" +":gh:`120343`: Fix column offset reporting for tokens that come after " +"multiline f-strings in the :mod:`tokenize` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2413 +msgid "" +":gh:`119600`: Fix :func:`unittest.mock.patch` to not read attributes of the " +"target when ``new_callable`` is set. Patch by Robert Collins." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2416 +msgid "" +":gh:`114053`: Fix edge-case bug where :func:`typing.get_type_hints` would " +"produce incorrect results if type parameters in a class scope were " +"overridden by assignments in a class scope and ``from __future__ import " +"annotations`` semantics were enabled. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2421 +msgid "" +":gh:`114053`: Fix erroneous :exc:`NameError` when calling " +":func:`inspect.get_annotations` with ``eval_str=True``` on a class that made" +" use of :pep:`695` type parameters in a module that had ``from __future__ " +"import annotations`` at the top of the file. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2427 +msgid "" +":gh:`120268`: Prohibit passing ``None`` to pure-Python " +":meth:`datetime.date.fromtimestamp` to achieve consistency with C-extension " +"implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2431 +msgid "" +":gh:`120244`: Fix memory leak in :func:`re.sub` when the replacement string " +"contains backreferences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2434 +msgid ":gh:`120211`: Fix :mod:`tkinter.ttk` with Tcl/Tk 9.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2436 +msgid "" +":gh:`71587`: Fix crash in C version of :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime` " +"when called again on the restarted interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2439 +msgid "" +":gh:`120161`: :mod:`datetime` no longer crashes in certain complex reference" +" cycle situations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2442 +msgid "" +":gh:`119698`: Fix :meth:`symtable.Class.get_methods` and document its " +"behaviour. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2445 +msgid "" +":gh:`120121`: Add :exc:`concurrent.futures.InvalidStateError` to module's " +"``__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2448 +msgid "" +":gh:`119933`: Add the :class:`symtable.SymbolTableType` enumeration to " +"represent the possible outputs of the :class:`symtable.SymbolTable.get_type`" +" method. Patch by Bénédikt Tran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2452 +msgid "" +":gh:`120108`: Fix calling :func:`copy.deepcopy` on :mod:`ast` trees that " +"have been modified to have references to parent nodes. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2455 +msgid ":gh:`112672`: Support building :mod:`tkinter` with Tcl 9.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2457 +msgid "" +":gh:`65454`: :func:`unittest.mock.Mock.attach_mock` no longer triggers a " +"call to a ``PropertyMock`` being attached." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2460 +msgid "" +":gh:`81936`: :meth:`!help` and :meth:`!showtopic` methods now respect a " +"configured *output* argument to :class:`!pydoc.Helper` and not use the pager" +" in such cases. Patch by Enrico Tröger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2464 +msgid "" +":gh:`119577`: The :exc:`DeprecationWarning` emitted when testing the truth " +"value of an :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` now describes " +"unconditionally returning ``True`` in a future version rather than raising " +"an exception in Python 3.14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2469 +msgid "" +":gh:`118908`: Limit exposed globals from internal imports and definitions on" +" new REPL startup. Patch by Eugene Triguba and Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2472 +msgid "" +":gh:`119506`: Fix :meth:`!io.TextIOWrapper.write` method breaks internal " +"buffer when the method is called again during flushing internal buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2478 +msgid "" +":gh:`120671`: Fix failing configure tests due to a missing space when " +"appending to CFLAGS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2481 +msgid "" +":gh:`120602`: Correctly handle LLVM installs with ``LLVM_VERSION_SUFFIX`` " +"when building with ``--enable-experimental-jit``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2484 +msgid "" +":gh:`120326`: On Windows, fix build error when ``--disable-gil`` and " +"``--experimental-jit`` options are combined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2487 +msgid "" +":gh:`120291`: Make the ``python-config`` shell script compatible with non-" +"bash shells." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2493 +msgid "" +":gh:`120642`: Remove the private ``_Py_CODEUNIT`` type from the public C " +"API. The internal ``pycore_code.h`` header should now be used to get this " +"internal type. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2497 +msgid "" +":gh:`120858`: :c:func:`PyDict_Next` no longer locks the dictionary in the " +"free-threaded build. The locking needs to be done by the caller around the " +"entire iteration loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2501 +msgid ":gh:`120642`: Remove the following unstable functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2503 +msgid "``PyUnstable_Replace_Executor()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2504 +msgid "``PyUnstable_SetOptimizer()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2505 +msgid "``PyUnstable_GetOptimizer()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2506 +msgid "``PyUnstable_GetExecutor()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2507 +msgid "``PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewCounter()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2508 +msgid "``PyUnstable_Optimizer_NewUOpOptimizer()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2510 ../NEWS:3443 ../NEWS:3452 ../NEWS:4948 ../NEWS:6407 +#: ../NEWS:8883 ../NEWS:8911 ../NEWS:8922 ../NEWS:14073 ../NEWS:17724 +#: ../NEWS:17752 ../NEWS:18478 ../NEWS:19608 ../NEWS:20737 ../NEWS:20793 +msgid "Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2512 +msgid "" +":gh:`119344`: The critical section API is now public as part of the non-" +"limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2515 +msgid "" +":gh:`118789`: Add :c:func:`PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks`, " +"which clears weakrefs without calling their callbacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2518 +msgid "" +":gh:`117511`: Make the :c:type:`PyMutex` public in the non-limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2522 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 beta 2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2524 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-06-05*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2529 +msgid "" +":gh:`118773`: Fixes creation of ACLs in :func:`os.mkdir` on Windows to work " +"correctly on non-English machines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2532 +msgid "" +":gh:`118486`: :func:`os.mkdir` on Windows now accepts *mode* of ``0o700`` to" +" restrict the new directory to the current user. This fixes :cve:`2024-4030`" +" affecting :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` in scenarios where the base temporary " +"directory is more permissive than the default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2540 +msgid "" +":gh:`119724`: Reverted improvements to error messages for ``elif``/``else`` " +"statements not matching any valid statements, which made in hard to locate " +"the syntax errors inside those ``elif``/``else`` blocks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2544 +msgid "" +":gh:`119842`: Honor :c:func:`PyOS_InputHook` in the new REPL. Patch by Pablo" +" Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2547 +msgid "" +":gh:`119821`: Fix execution of :ref:`annotation scopes ` " +"within classes when ``globals`` is set to a non-dict. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2551 +msgid "" +":gh:`119548`: Add a ``clear`` command to the REPL. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2553 +msgid ":gh:`111999`: Fix the signature of :meth:`str.format_map`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2555 +msgid "" +":gh:`119560`: An invalid assert in beta 1 has been removed. The assert " +"would fail if ``PyState_FindModule()`` was used in an extension module's " +"init function before the module def had been initialized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2559 +msgid "" +":gh:`119369`: Fix deadlock during thread deletion in free-threaded build, " +"which could occur when the GIL was enabled at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2562 +msgid "" +":gh:`119525`: Fix deadlock involving ``_PyType_Lookup()`` cache in the free-" +"threaded build when the GIL is dynamically enabled at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2565 +msgid "" +":gh:`119311`: Fix bug where names are unexpectedly mangled in the bases of " +"generic classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2568 +msgid "" +":gh:`119395`: Fix bug where names appearing after a generic class are " +"mangled as if they are in the generic class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2571 +msgid "" +":gh:`119213`: Non-builtin modules built with argument clinic were crashing " +"if used in a subinterpreter before the main interpreter. The objects that " +"were causing the problem by leaking between interpreters carelessly have " +"been fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2576 +msgid "" +":gh:`119011`: Fixes ``type.__type_params__`` to return an empty tuple " +"instead of a descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2579 +msgid "" +":gh:`118692`: Avoid creating unnecessary :exc:`StopIteration` instances for " +"monitoring." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2582 +msgid "" +":gh:`119049`: Fix displaying the source line for warnings created by the C " +"API if the :mod:`warnings` module had not yet been imported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2585 +msgid "" +":gh:`118844`: Fix build failures when configuring with both ``--disable-" +"gil`` and ``--enable-experimental-jit``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2588 +msgid "" +":gh:`118921`: Add ``copy()`` method for ``FrameLocalsProxy`` which returns a" +" snapshot ``dict`` for local variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2591 +msgid "" +":gh:`117657`: Fix data races on the field that stores a pointer to the " +"interpreter's main thread that occur in free-threaded builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2594 +msgid "" +":gh:`118561`: Fix race condition in free-threaded build where " +":meth:`!list.extend` could expose uninitialised memory to concurrent " +"readers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2598 +msgid "" +":gh:`117195`: Avoid assertion failure for debug builds when calling " +"``object.__sizeof__(1)``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2604 +msgid "" +":gh:`119819`: Fix regression to allow logging configuration with " +"multiprocessing queue types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2607 +msgid "" +":gh:`117142`: The :mod:`ctypes` module may now be imported in all " +"subinterpreters, including those that have their own GIL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2610 +msgid "" +":gh:`118835`: Fix _pyrepl crash when using custom prompt with ANSI escape " +"codes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2613 +msgid "" +":gh:`117398`: The ``_datetime`` module (C implementation for " +":mod:`datetime`) now supports being imported in multiple interpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2616 +msgid "" +":gh:`89727`: Fix issue with :func:`shutil.rmtree` where a " +":exc:`RecursionError` is raised on deep directory trees." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2619 +msgid "" +":gh:`89727`: Partially fix issue with :func:`shutil.rmtree` where a " +":exc:`RecursionError` is raised on deep directory trees. A recursion error " +"is no longer raised when :data:`!rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks` is false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2623 +msgid "" +":gh:`119118`: Fix performance regression in the :mod:`tokenize` module by " +"caching the ``line`` token attribute and calculating the column offset more " +"efficiently." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2627 +msgid "" +":gh:`89727`: Fix issue with :func:`os.fwalk` where a :exc:`RecursionError` " +"was raised on deep directory trees by adjusting the implementation to be " +"iterative instead of recursive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2631 +msgid "" +":gh:`119588`: ``zipfile.Path.is_symlink`` now assesses if the given path is " +"a symlink." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2634 +msgid "" +":gh:`119555`: Catch :exc:`SyntaxError` from :func:`compile` in the " +"runsource() method of the InteractiveColoredConsole. Patch by Sergey B " +"Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2638 +msgid "" +":gh:`113892`: Now, the method ``sock_connect`` of " +":class:`asyncio.ProactorEventLoop` raises a :exc:`ValueError` if given " +"socket is not in non-blocking mode, as well as in other loop " +"implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2643 +msgid "" +":gh:`119443`: The interactive REPL no longer runs with ``from __future__ " +"import annotations`` enabled. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2646 +msgid "" +":gh:`117398`: Objects in the datetime C-API are now all statically " +"allocated, which means better memory safety, especially when the module is " +"reloaded. This should be transparent to users." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2650 +msgid "" +":gh:`118894`: :mod:`asyncio` REPL now has the same capabilities as PyREPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2652 +msgid "" +":gh:`118911`: In PyREPL, updated ``maybe-accept``'s logic so that if the " +"user hits :kbd:`Enter` twice, they are able to terminate the block even if " +"there's trailing whitespace. Also, now when the user hits arrow up, the " +"cursor is on the last functional line. This matches IPython's behavior. " +"Patch by Aya Elsayed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2658 +msgid "" +":gh:`111201`: Remove dependency to :mod:`readline` from the new Python REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2660 +msgid "" +":gh:`119174`: Fix high DPI causes turtledemo(turtle-graphics examples) " +"windows blurry Patch by Wulian233 and Terry Jan Reedy" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2663 +msgid "" +":gh:`119121`: Fix a NameError happening in " +"``asyncio.staggered.staggered_race``. This function is now tested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2666 +msgid "" +":gh:`119113`: Fix issue where :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_suffix` didn't " +"raise :exc:`TypeError` when given ``None`` as a suffix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2669 +msgid "" +":gh:`118643`: Fix an AttributeError in the :mod:`email` module when re-fold " +"a long address list. Also fix more cases of incorrect encoding of the " +"address separator in the address list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2673 +msgid "" +":gh:`58933`: Make :mod:`pdb` return to caller frame correctly when " +"``f_trace`` of the caller frame is not set" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2676 +msgid "" +":gh:`118895`: Setting attributes on :data:`typing.NoDefault` now raises " +":exc:`AttributeError` instead of :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2679 +msgid "" +":gh:`118868`: Fixed issue where kwargs were no longer passed to the logging " +"handler QueueHandler" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2682 +msgid "" +":gh:`118851`: ``ctx`` arguments to the constructors of :mod:`ast` node " +"classes now default to :class:`ast.Load() `. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2686 +msgid "" +":gh:`118760`: Restore the default value of ``tkiter.wantobjects`` to ``1``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2688 +msgid ":gh:`118760`: Fix errors in calling Tkinter bindings on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2690 +msgid "" +":gh:`118507`: Fix :func:`os.path.isfile` on Windows for pipes. Speedup " +":func:`os.path.isjunction` and :func:`os.path.lexists` on Windows with a " +"native implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2694 +msgid "" +":gh:`118772`: Allow :class:`typing.TypeVar` instances without a default to " +"follow instances without a default in some cases. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2697 +msgid "" +":gh:`110863`: :func:`os.path.realpath` now suppresses any :exc:`OSError` " +"from :func:`os.readlink` when *strict* mode is disabled (the default)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2700 +msgid "" +":gh:`118263`: Speed up :func:`os.path.splitroot` & :func:`os.path.normpath` " +"with a direct C call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2703 +msgid "" +":gh:`118033`: Fix :func:`dataclasses.dataclass` not creating a " +"``__weakref__`` slot when subclassing :class:`typing.Generic`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2706 +msgid "" +":gh:`106531`: In :mod:`importlib.resources`, sync with `importlib_resources " +"6.3.2 `_, including: " +"``MultiplexedPath`` now expects ``Traversable`` paths, deprecating string " +"arguments to ``MultiplexedPath``; Enabled support for resources in namespace" +" packages in zip files; Fixed ``NotADirectoryError`` when calling files on a" +" subdirectory of a namespace package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2714 +msgid ":gh:`113978`: Ignore warnings on text completion inside REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2716 +msgid "" +":gh:`103956`: Fix lack of newline characters in :mod:`trace` module output " +"when line tracing is enabled but source code line for current frame is not " +"available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2720 +msgid "" +":gh:`92081`: Fix missing spaces in email headers when the spaces are mixed " +"with encoded 8-bit characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2723 +msgid "" +":gh:`103194`: Prepare Tkinter for C API changes in Tcl 8.7/9.0 to avoid " +":class:`!_tkinter.Tcl_Obj` being unexpectedly returned instead of " +":class:`bool`, :class:`str`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`int`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2727 +msgid "" +":gh:`87106`: Fixed handling in :meth:`inspect.Signature.bind` of keyword " +"arguments having the same name as positional-only arguments when a variadic " +"keyword argument (e.g. ``**kwargs``) is present." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2731 +msgid "" +":issue:`45767`: Fix integer conversion in :func:`os.major`, " +":func:`os.minor`, and :func:`os.makedev`. Support device numbers larger than" +" ``2**63-1``. Support non-existent device number (``NODEV``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2735 +msgid "" +":gh:`67693`: Fix :func:`urllib.parse.urlunparse` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.urlunsplit` for URIs with path starting with multiple " +"slashes and no authority. Based on patch by Ashwin Ramaswami." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2742 +msgid "" +":gh:`119050`: regrtest test runner: Add XML support to the refleak checker " +"(-R option). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2748 +msgid "" +":gh:`119729`: On POSIX systems, the pkg-config (``.pc``) filenames now " +"include the ABI flags, which may include debug (\"d\") and free-threaded " +"(\"t\"). For example: * ``python-3.14.pc`` (default, non-debug build) * " +"``python-3.14d.pc`` (default, debug build) * ``python-3.14t.pc`` (free-" +"threaded build)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2754 +msgid "" +":gh:`115119`: Fall back to the bundled libmpdec if a system version cannot " +"be found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2757 +msgid "" +":gh:`119132`: Update :data:`sys.version` to identify whether the build is " +"default build or free-threading build. Patch By Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2760 +msgid "" +":gh:`118836`: Fix an ``AssertionError`` when building with ``--enable-" +"experimental-jit`` and the compiler emits a ``SHT_NOTE`` section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2764 +msgid "" +":gh:`118943`: Fix a possible race condition affecting parallel builds " +"configured with ``--enable-experimental-jit``, in which compilation errors " +"could be caused by an incompletely-generated header file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2771 +msgid "" +":gh:`119679`: Ensures correct import libraries are included in Windows " +"installs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2774 +msgid "" +":gh:`119690`: Adds Unicode support and fixes audit events for " +"``_winapi.CreateNamedPipe``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2777 +msgid ":gh:`111201`: Add support for new pyrepl on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2779 +msgid "" +":gh:`119070`: Fixes ``py.exe`` handling of shebangs like ``/usr/bin/env " +"python3.12``, which were previously interpreted as ``python3.exe`` instead " +"of ``python3.12.exe``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2783 +msgid "" +":gh:`117505`: Fixes an issue with the Windows installer not running " +"ensurepip in a fully isolated environment. This could cause unexpected " +"interactions with the user site-packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2787 +msgid "" +":gh:`118209`: Avoid crashing in :mod:`mmap` on Windows when the mapped " +"memory is inaccessible due to file system errors or access violations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2790 +msgid ":gh:`116145`: Updated bundled Tcl/Tk to 8.6.14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2795 +msgid "" +":gh:`119585`: Fix crash when a thread state that was created by " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` calls a destructor that during " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear` that calls back into " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`. This might " +"occur when in the free-threaded build or when using thread-local variables " +"whose destructors call :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2802 +msgid "" +":gh:`119336`: Restore the removed ``_PyLong_NumBits()`` function. It is used" +" by the pywin32 project. Patch by Ethan Smith" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2805 +msgid "" +":gh:`119247`: Added ``Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST`` and " +"``Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION_SEQUENCE_FAST`` macros to make it possible to use " +"PySequence_Fast APIs safely when free-threaded, and update str.join to work " +"without the GIL using them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2810 +msgid "" +":gh:`111389`: Add :c:macro:`PyHASH_MULTIPLIER` constant: prime multiplier " +"used in string and various other hashes. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2813 +msgid "" +":gh:`116984`: Make mimalloc includes relative to the current file to avoid " +"embedders or extensions needing to include ``Internal/mimalloc`` if they are" +" already including internal CPython headers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2817 +msgid "" +":gh:`118789`: Restore ``_PyWeakref_ClearRef`` that was previously removed in" +" Python 3.13 alpha 1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2822 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 beta 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2824 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-05-08*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2829 +msgid ":gh:`116741`: Update bundled libexpat to 2.6.2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2831 +msgid "" +":gh:`117233`: Detect BLAKE2, SHA3, Shake, & truncated SHA512 support in the " +"OpenSSL-ish libcrypto library at build time. This allows :mod:`hashlib` to " +"be used with libraries that do not to support every algorithm that upstream " +"OpenSSL does." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2839 +msgid "" +":gh:`118414`: Add instrumented opcodes to YIELD_VALUE assertion for tracing " +"cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2842 +msgid "" +":gh:`117953`: When a builtin or extension module is imported for the first " +"time, while a subinterpreter is active, the module's init function is now " +"run by the main interpreter first before import continues in the " +"subinterpreter. Consequently, single-phase init modules now fail in an " +"isolated subinterpreter without the init function running under that " +"interpreter, whereas before it would run under the subinterpreter *before* " +"failing, potentially leaving behind global state and callbacks and otherwise" +" leaving the module in an inconsistent state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2851 +msgid "" +":gh:`117549`: Don't use designated initializer syntax in inline functions in" +" internal headers. They cause problems for C++ or MSVC users who aren't yet " +"using the latest C++ standard (C++20). While internal, pycore_backoff.h, is " +"included (indirectly, via pycore_code.h) by some key 3rd party software that" +" does so for speed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2857 +msgid "" +":gh:`95382`: Improve performance of :func:`json.dumps` and :func:`json.dump`" +" when using the argument *indent*. Depending on the data the encoding using " +":func:`json.dumps` with *indent* can be up to 2 to 3 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2861 +msgid "" +":gh:`116322`: In ``--disable-gil`` builds, the GIL will be enabled while " +"loading C extension modules. If the module indicates that it supports " +"running without the GIL, the GIL will be disabled once loading is complete. " +"Otherwise, the GIL will remain enabled for the remainder of the " +"interpreter's lifetime. This behavior does not apply if the GIL has been " +"explicitly enabled or disabled with ``PYTHON_GIL`` or ``-Xgil``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2868 +msgid "" +":gh:`118513`: Fix incorrect :exc:`UnboundLocalError` when two comprehensions" +" in the same function both reference the same name, and in one comprehension" +" the name is bound while in the other it's an implicit global." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2873 +msgid "" +":gh:`118518`: Allow the Linux perf support to work without frame pointers " +"using perf's advanced JIT support. The feature is activated when using the " +"``PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT`` environment variable or when running Python with" +" ``-Xperf_jit``. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2878 +msgid "" +":gh:`117514`: Add ``sys._is_gil_enabled()`` function that returns whether " +"the GIL is currently enabled. In the default build it always returns " +"``True`` because the GIL is always enabled. In the free-threaded build, it " +"may return ``True`` or ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2883 +msgid "" +":gh:`118164`: Break a loop between the Python implementation of the " +":mod:`decimal` module and the Python code for integer to string conversion. " +"Also optimize integer to string conversion for values in the range from " +"9_000 to 135_000 decimal digits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2888 +msgid "" +":gh:`118473`: Fix :func:`sys.set_asyncgen_hooks` not to be partially set " +"when raising :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2891 +msgid "" +":gh:`118465`: Compiler populates the new ``__firstlineno__`` field on a " +"class with the line number of the first line of the class definition." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2894 +msgid "" +":gh:`118492`: Fix an issue where the type cache can expose a previously " +"accessed attribute when a finalizer is run." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2897 +msgid "" +":gh:`117714`: update ``async_generator.athrow().close()`` and " +"``async_generator.asend().close()`` to close their section of the underlying" +" async generator" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2901 +msgid "" +":gh:`111201`: The :term:`interactive` interpreter is now implemented in " +"Python, which allows for a number of new features like colors, multiline " +"input, history viewing, and paste mode. Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Łukasz" +" Langa and Lysandros Nikolaou based on code from the PyPy project." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2906 +msgid "" +":gh:`74929`: Implement PEP 667: converted :attr:`FrameType.f_locals " +"` and :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals` to return a write-through " +"proxy object when the frame refers to a function or comprehension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2911 +msgid "" +":gh:`116767`: Fix crash in compiler on 'async with' that has many context " +"managers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2914 +msgid "" +":gh:`118335`: Change how to use the tier 2 interpreter. Instead of running " +"Python with ``-X uops`` or setting the environment variable " +"``PYTHON_UOPS=1``, this choice is now made at build time by configuring with" +" ``--enable-experimental-jit=interpreter``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2919 +msgid "" +"**Beware!** This changes the environment variable to enable or disable " +"micro-ops to ``PYTHON_JIT``. The old ``PYTHON_UOPS`` is no longer used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2922 +msgid ":gh:`118306`: Update JIT compilation to use LLVM 18" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2924 +msgid "" +":gh:`118160`: :ref:`Annotation scopes ` within classes " +"can now contain comprehensions. However, such comprehensions are not inlined" +" into their parent scope at runtime. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2928 +msgid "" +":gh:`118272`: Fix bug where ``generator.close`` does not free the generator " +"frame's locals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2931 +msgid "" +":gh:`118216`: Don't consider :mod:`__future__` imports with dots before the " +"module name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2934 +msgid "" +":gh:`118074`: Make sure that the Executor objects in the COLD_EXITS array " +"aren't assumed to be GC-able (which would access bytes outside the object)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2938 +msgid "" +":gh:`107674`: Lazy load frame line number to improve performance of tracing" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2940 +msgid "" +":gh:`118082`: Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` message for imports without names, " +"like in ``from x import`` and ``import`` cases. It now points out to users " +"that :keyword:`import` expects at least one name after it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2944 +msgid "" +":gh:`118090`: Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` message for empty type param " +"brackets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2947 +msgid "" +":gh:`117958`: Added a ``get_jit_code()`` method to access JIT compiled " +"machine code from the UOp Executor when the experimental JIT is enabled. " +"Patch by Anthony Shaw." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2951 +msgid "" +":gh:`117901`: Add option for compiler's codegen to save nested instruction " +"sequences for introspection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2954 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: Redirect stdout and stderr to system log when embedded in an " +"Android app." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2957 +msgid "" +":gh:`109118`: :ref:`annotation scope ` within class " +"scopes can now contain lambdas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2960 +msgid "" +":gh:`117894`: Prevent ``agen.aclose()`` objects being re-used after " +"``.throw()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2963 +msgid "" +":gh:`117881`: prevent concurrent access to an async generator via " +"athrow().throw() or asend().throw()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2966 +msgid "" +":gh:`117536`: Fix a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` when calling " +"``agen.aclose().throw(Exception)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2969 +msgid "" +":gh:`117755`: Fix mimalloc allocator for huge memory allocation (around " +"8,589,934,592 GiB) on s390x. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2972 +msgid "" +":gh:`117750`: Fix issue where an object's dict would get out of sync with " +"the object's internal values when being cleared. ``obj.__dict__.clear()`` " +"now clears the internal values, but leaves the dict attached to the object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2976 ../NEWS:3490 +msgid "" +":gh:`117431`: Improve the performance of the following :class:`bytes` and " +":class:`bytearray` methods by adapting them to the :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` " +"calling convention:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2980 +msgid ":meth:`!count`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2981 +msgid ":meth:`!find`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2982 +msgid ":meth:`!index`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2983 +msgid ":meth:`!rfind`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2984 +msgid ":meth:`!rindex`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2986 +msgid "" +":gh:`117709`: Speed up calls to :func:`str` with positional-only argument, " +"by using the :pep:`590` ``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Erlend " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2990 +msgid "" +":gh:`117680`: Give ``_PyInstructionSequence`` a Python interface and use it " +"in tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2993 +msgid "" +":gh:`115776`: Statically allocated objects are, by definition, immortal so " +"must be marked as such regardless of whether they are in extension modules " +"or not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:2997 +msgid "" +":gh:`117385`: Remove unhandled ``PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH`` and " +"``PY_MONITORING_EVENT_EXCEPTION_HANDLED`` events from :func:`sys.settrace`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3001 +msgid "" +":gh:`116322`: Extension modules may indicate to the runtime that they can " +"run without the GIL. Multi-phase init modules do so by calling providing " +"``Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED`` for the ``Py_mod_gil`` slot, while single-phase init" +" modules call ``PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(mod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED)`` from " +"their init function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3007 +msgid "" +":gh:`116129`: Implement :pep:`696`, adding support for defaults on type " +"parameters. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3010 +msgid "" +":gh:`93502`: Add two new functions to the C-API, " +":c:func:`PyRefTracer_SetTracer` and :c:func:`PyRefTracer_GetTracer`, that " +"allows to track object creation and destruction the same way the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module does. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3015 +msgid "" +":gh:`107674`: Improved the performance of :func:`sys.settrace` significantly" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3017 +msgid "" +":gh:`95754`: Improve the error message when a script shadowing a module from" +" the standard library causes :exc:`AttributeError` to be raised. Similarly, " +"improve the error message when a script shadowing a third party module " +"attempts to access an attribute from that third party module while still " +"initialising." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3023 +msgid "" +":gh:`99180`: Elide uninformative traceback indicators in ``return`` and " +"simple ``assignment`` statements. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3026 +msgid "" +":gh:`105879`: Allow the *globals* and *locals* arguments to :func:`exec` and" +" :func:`eval` to be passed as keywords." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3032 +msgid "" +":gh:`118418`: A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is now emitted if you fail to pass" +" a value to the new *type_params* parameter of ``typing._eval_type()`` or " +"``typing.ForwardRef._evaluate()``. (Using either of these private and " +"undocumented functions is discouraged to begin with, but failing to pass a " +"value to the ``type_params`` parameter may lead to incorrect behaviour on " +"Python 3.12 or newer.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3039 +msgid "" +":gh:`118660`: Add an optional second type parameter to " +":class:`typing.ContextManager` and :class:`typing.AsyncContextManager`, " +"representing the return types of :meth:`~object.__exit__` and " +":meth:`~object.__aexit__` respectively. This parameter defaults to ``bool | " +"None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3045 +msgid "" +":gh:`118650`: The ``enum`` module allows method named ``_repr_*`` to be " +"defined on ``Enum`` types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3048 +msgid "" +":gh:`118648`: Add type parameter defaults to :class:`typing.Generator` and " +":class:`typing.AsyncGenerator`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3051 +msgid "" +":gh:`101137`: Mime type ``text/x-rst`` is now supported by :mod:`mimetypes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3053 +msgid "" +":gh:`118164`: The Python implementation of the ``decimal`` module could " +"appear to hang in relatively small power cases (like ``2**117``) if context " +"precision was set to a very high value. A different method to check for " +"exactly representable results is used now that doesn't rely on computing " +"``10**precision`` (which could be effectively too large to compute)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3060 +msgid "" +":gh:`111744`: ``breakpoint()`` and ``pdb.set_trace()`` now enter the " +"debugger immediately after the call rather than before the next line is " +"executed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3063 +msgid ":gh:`118500`: Add :mod:`pdb` support for zipapps" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3065 +msgid ":gh:`118406`: Add signature for :class:`sqlite3.Connection` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3067 +msgid "" +":gh:`101732`: Use a Y2038 compatible openssl time function when available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3069 +msgid "" +":gh:`118404`: Fix :func:`inspect.signature` for non-comparable callables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3071 +msgid "" +":gh:`118402`: Fix :func:`inspect.signature` for the result of the " +":func:`functools.cmp_to_key` call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3074 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: On Android, :any:`sysconfig.get_platform` now returns the " +"format specified by :pep:`738`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3077 +msgid "" +":gh:`118285`: Allow to specify the signature of custom callable instances of" +" extension type by the ``__text_signature__`` attribute. Specify signatures " +"of :class:`operator.attrgetter`, :class:`operator.itemgetter`, and " +":class:`operator.methodcaller` instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3082 +msgid "" +":gh:`118314`: Fix an edge case in :func:`binascii.a2b_base64` strict mode, " +"where excessive padding is not detected when no padding is necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3085 +msgid "" +":gh:`118271`: Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` methods :meth:`!read` to read an " +"image from a file and :meth:`!data` to get the image data. Add *background* " +"and *grayscale* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!write`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3090 +msgid "" +":gh:`118225`: Add the :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy_replace` to " +"copy a region from one image to other image, possibly with pixel zooming " +"and/or subsampling. Add *from_coords* parameter to :class:`!PhotoImage` " +"methods :meth:`!copy`, :meth:`!zoom` and :meth:`!subsample`. Add *zoom* and " +"*subsample* parameters to :class:`!PhotoImage` method :meth:`!copy`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3096 +msgid "" +":gh:`118221`: Fix a bug where :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.iterdump` could fail" +" if a custom :attr:`row factory ` was used. " +"Patch by Erlend Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3100 +msgid "" +":gh:`118013`: Fix regression introduced in :gh:`103193` that meant that " +"calling :func:`inspect.getattr_static` on an instance would cause a strong " +"reference to that instance's class to persist in an internal cache in the " +":mod:`inspect` module. This caused unexpected memory consumption if the " +"class was dynamically created, the class held strong references to other " +"objects which took up a significant amount of memory, and the cache " +"contained the sole strong reference to the class. The fix for the regression" +" leads to a slowdown in :func:`!getattr_static`, but the function should " +"still be significantly faster than it was in Python 3.11. Patch by Alex " +"Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3111 +msgid "" +":gh:`118218`: Speed up :func:`itertools.pairwise` in the common case by up " +"to 1.8x." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3114 +msgid "" +":gh:`117486`: Improve the behavior of user-defined subclasses of " +":class:`ast.AST`. Such classes will now require no changes in the usual case" +" to conform with the behavior changes of the :mod:`ast` module in Python " +"3.13. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3119 +msgid "" +":gh:`90848`: Fixed :func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec` to configure parent" +" mock with keyword arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3122 +msgid "" +":gh:`118168`: Fix incorrect argument substitution when :data:`typing.Unpack`" +" is used with the builtin :class:`tuple`. :data:`!typing.Unpack` now raises " +":exc:`TypeError` when used with certain invalid types. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3127 +msgid "" +":gh:`118131`: Add command-line interface for the :mod:`random` module. Patch" +" by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3130 +msgid "" +":gh:`118107`: Fix :mod:`zipimport` reading of ZIP64 files with file entries " +"that are too big or offset too far." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3133 +msgid "" +":gh:`102511`: Fix :func:`os.path.normpath` for UNC paths on Windows. Speed " +"up :func:`os.path.splitroot` with a native implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3136 +msgid "" +":gh:`117535`: Change the unknown filename of :mod:`warnings` from ``sys`` to" +" ```` to clarify that it's not a real filename." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3139 +msgid "" +":gh:`114053`: Fix erroneous :exc:`NameError` when calling " +":func:`typing.get_type_hints` on a class that made use of :pep:`695` type " +"parameters in a module that had ``from __future__ import annotations`` at " +"the top of the file. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3144 +msgid "" +":gh:`116931`: Add parameter *fileobj* check for " +":func:`tarfile.TarFile.addfile`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3147 +msgid "" +":gh:`117995`: Don't raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning` when a :term:`sequence` " +"of parameters is used to bind indexed, nameless placeholders. See also " +":gh:`100668`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3151 +msgid "" +":gh:`80361`: Fix TypeError in :func:`email.message.Message.get_payload` when" +" the charset is :rfc:`2231` encoded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3154 +msgid "" +":gh:`86650`: Fix IndexError when parse some emails with invalid Message-ID " +"(including one-off addresses generated by Microsoft Outlook)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3157 +msgid "" +":gh:`117691`: Improve the error messages emitted by :mod:`tarfile` " +"deprecation warnings relating to PEP 706. If a ``filter`` argument is not " +"provided to ``extract()`` or ``extractall``, the deprecation warning now " +"points to the line in the user's code where the relevant function was " +"called. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3163 +msgid "" +":gh:`115874`: Fixed a possible segfault during garbage collection of " +"``_asyncio.FutureIter`` objects. Patch by Savannah Ostrowski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3166 +msgid "" +":gh:`115060`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` by omitting an initial " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir` call. As a result of this change, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob` can no longer raise :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3170 +msgid "" +":gh:`77102`: :mod:`site` module now parses ``.pth`` file with UTF-8 first, " +"and :term:`locale encoding` if ``UnicodeDecodeError`` happened. It supported" +" only locale encoding before." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3174 +msgid "" +":gh:`76785`: We've exposed the low-level :mod:`!_interpreters` module for " +"the sake of the PyPI implementation of :pep:`734`. It was sometimes " +"available as the :mod:`!_xxsubinterpreters` module and was formerly used " +"only for testing. For the most part, it should be considered an internal " +"module, like :mod:`!_thread` and :mod:`!_imp`. See " +"https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-734-multiple-interpreters-in-the-" +"stdlib/41147/26." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3181 +msgid "" +":gh:`115060`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` by not scanning directories" +" for non-wildcard pattern segments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3184 +msgid "" +":gh:`117727`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.iterdir` by using " +":func:`os.scandir` internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3187 +msgid "" +":gh:`117586`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.walk` by working with strings " +"internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3190 +msgid "" +":gh:`117722`: Change the new multi-separator support in " +":meth:`asyncio.StreamReader.readuntil` to only accept tuples of separators " +"rather than arbitrary iterables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3194 +msgid "" +":gh:`117692`: Fixes a bug when :class:`doctest.DocTestFinder` was failing on" +" wrapped ``builtin_function_or_method``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3197 +msgid "" +":gh:`117348`: Largely restored import time performance of configparser by " +"avoiding dataclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3200 +msgid ":gh:`117641`: Speedup :func:`os.path.commonpath` on Unix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3202 +msgid "" +":gh:`117663`: Fix ``_simple_enum`` to detect aliases when multiple arguments" +" are present but only one is the member value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3205 +msgid ":gh:`117636`: Speedup :func:`os.path.join`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3207 +msgid "" +":gh:`117618`: Support ``package.module`` as ``filename`` for ``break`` " +"command of :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3210 +msgid "" +":gh:`102247`: the status codes enum with constants in http.HTTPStatus are " +"updated to include the names from RFC9110. This RFC includes some HTTP " +"statuses previously only used for WEBDAV and assigns more generic names to " +"them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3215 +msgid "The old constants are preserved for backwards compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3217 +msgid ":gh:`117607`: Speedup :func:`os.path.relpath`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3219 +msgid "" +":gh:`117586`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` by working with strings " +"internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3222 +msgid "" +":gh:`117225`: Add colour to doctest output. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3224 +msgid "" +":gh:`117566`: :meth:`ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_loopback` will now return " +"``True`` for IPv4-mapped loopback addresses, i.e. addresses in the " +"``::ffff:127.0.0.0/104`` address space." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3228 +msgid "" +":gh:`117546`: Fix issue where :func:`os.path.realpath` stopped resolving " +"symlinks after encountering a symlink loop on POSIX." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3231 +msgid "" +":gh:`116720`: Improved behavior of :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` when an " +"external cancellation collides with an internal cancellation. For example, " +"when two task groups are nested and both experience an exception in a child " +"task simultaneously, it was possible that the outer task group would " +"misbehave, because its internal cancellation was swallowed by the inner task" +" group." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3238 +msgid "" +"In the case where a task group is cancelled externally and also must raise " +"an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`, it will now call the parent task's " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancel` method. This ensures that a " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` will be raised at the next :keyword:`await`, " +"so the cancellation is not lost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3244 +msgid "" +"An added benefit of these changes is that task groups now preserve the " +"cancellation count (:meth:`asyncio.Task.cancelling`)." +msgstr "这些更改的一个附加好处是现在任务组会保留取消操作计数 (:meth:`asyncio.Task.cancelling`)。" + +#: ../NEWS:3247 +msgid "" +"In order to handle some corner cases, :meth:`asyncio.Task.uncancel` may now " +"reset the undocumented ``_must_cancel`` flag when the cancellation count " +"reaches zero." +msgstr "" +"为了处理某些边界情况，现在 :meth:`asyncio.Task.uncancel` 可以在取消操作计数达到零时重置未写入文档的 " +"``_must_cancel`` 旗标。" + +#: ../NEWS:3251 +msgid "" +":gh:`117516`: Add :data:`typing.TypeIs`, implementing :pep:`742`. Patch by " +"Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3254 +msgid "" +":gh:`117503`: Fix support of non-ASCII user names in bytes paths in " +":func:`os.path.expanduser` on Posix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3257 +msgid "" +":gh:`117394`: :func:`os.path.ismount` is now 2-3 times faster if the user " +"has permissions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3260 +msgid "" +":gh:`117313`: Only treat ``'\\n'``, ``'\\r'`` and ``'\\r\\n'`` as line " +"separators in re-folding the :mod:`email` messages. Preserve control " +"characters ``'\\v'``, ``'\\f'``, ``'\\x1c'``, ``'\\x1d'`` and ``'\\x1e'`` " +"and Unicode line separators ``'\\x85'``, ``'\\u2028'`` and ``'\\u2029'`` as " +"is." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3265 +msgid "" +":gh:`117142`: Convert :mod:`!_ctypes` to multi-phase initialisation " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3268 +msgid "" +":gh:`66543`: Add the :func:`mimetypes.guess_file_type` function which works " +"with file path. Passing file path instead of URL in " +":func:`~mimetypes.guess_type` is :term:`soft deprecated`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3272 +msgid "" +":gh:`68583`: webbrowser CLI: replace getopt with argparse, add long options." +" Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3275 +msgid "" +":gh:`116871`: Name suggestions for :exc:`AttributeError` and " +":exc:`ImportError` now only include underscored names if the original name " +"was underscored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3279 +msgid "" +":gh:`116023`: Don't show empty fields (value ``None`` or ``[]``) in " +":func:`ast.dump` by default. Add ``show_empty=False`` parameter to " +"optionally show them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3283 +msgid "" +":gh:`115961`: Added :attr:`!name` and :attr:`!mode` attributes for " +"compressed and archived file-like objects in modules :mod:`bz2`, " +":mod:`lzma`, :mod:`tarfile` and :mod:`zipfile`. The value of the " +":attr:`!mode` attribute of :class:`gzip.GzipFile` was changed from integer " +"(``1`` or ``2``) to string (``'rb'`` or ``'wb'``). The value of the " +":attr:`!mode` attribute of the readable file-like object returned by " +":meth:`zipfile.ZipFile.open` was changed from ``'r'`` to ``'rb'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3291 +msgid "" +":gh:`82062`: Fix :func:`inspect.signature` to correctly handle parameter " +"defaults on methods in extension modules that use names defined in the " +"module namespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3295 +msgid "" +":gh:`83856`: Honor :mod:`atexit` for all :mod:`multiprocessing` start " +"methods" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3297 +msgid "" +":gh:`113081`: Print colorized exception just like built-in traceback in " +":mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3300 +msgid "" +":gh:`112855`: Speed up pickling of :class:`pathlib.PurePath` objects. Patch " +"by Barney Gale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3303 +msgid ":gh:`111744`: Support opcode events in :mod:`bdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3305 +msgid "" +":gh:`109617`: :mod:`!ncurses`: fixed a crash that could occur on macOS 13 or" +" earlier when Python was built with Apple Xcode 15's SDK." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3308 +msgid "" +":gh:`83151`: Enabled arbitrary statements and evaluations in :mod:`pdb` " +"shell to access the local variables of the current frame, which made it " +"possible for multi-scope code like generators or nested function to work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3312 +msgid "" +":gh:`110209`: Add :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` to " +":class:`types.GeneratorType` and :class:`types.CoroutineType` for type " +"hinting purposes. Patch by James Hilton-Balfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3316 +msgid "" +":gh:`108191`: The :class:`types.SimpleNamespace` now accepts an optional " +"positional argument which specifies initial values of attributes as a dict " +"or an iterable of key-value pairs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3320 +msgid "" +":gh:`62090`: Fix assertion errors caused by whitespace in metavars or " +"``SUPPRESS``-ed groups in :mod:`argparse` by simplifying usage formatting. " +"Patch by Ali Hamdan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3324 +msgid "" +":gh:`102402`: Adjust ``logging.LogRecord`` to use ``time.time_ns()`` and fix" +" minor bug related to floating-point math." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3327 +msgid "" +":gh:`100242`: Bring pure Python implementation ``functools.partial.__new__``" +" more in line with the C-implementation by not just always checking for the " +"presence of the attribute ``'func'`` on the first argument of ``partial``. " +"Instead, both the Python version and the C version perform an " +"``isinstance(func, partial)`` check on the first argument of ``partial``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3333 +msgid "" +":gh:`99730`: HEAD requests are no longer upgraded to GET request during " +"redirects in urllib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3336 +msgid "" +":gh:`66410`: Setting the :mod:`!tkinter` module global :data:`!wantobjects` " +"to ``2`` before creating the :class:`~tkinter.Tk` object or call the " +":meth:`!wantobjects` method of the :class:`!Tk` object with argument ``2`` " +"makes now arguments to callbacks registered in the :mod:`tkinter` module to " +"be passed as various Python objects (``int``, ``float``, ``bytes``, " +"``tuple``), depending on their internal representation in Tcl, instead of " +"always ``str``. :data:`!tkinter.wantobjects` is now set to ``2`` by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3345 +msgid "" +":issue:`40943`: Fix several IndexError when parse emails with truncated " +"Message-ID, address, routes, etc, e.g. ``example@``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3348 +msgid ":issue:`39324`: Add mime type mapping for .md <-> text/markdown" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3350 +msgid "" +":issue:`18108`: :func:`shutil.chown` now supports *dir_fd* and " +"*follow_symlinks* keyword arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3353 +msgid "" +":issue:`30988`: Fix parsing of emails with invalid address headers having a " +"leading or trailing dot. Patch by tsufeki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3356 +msgid "" +":issue:`32839`: Add the :meth:`!after_info` method for Tkinter widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3361 +msgid "" +":gh:`117928`: The minimum Sphinx version required for the documentation is " +"now 6.2.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3367 +msgid "" +":gh:`118734`: Fixes Windows build when invoked directly (not through the " +":file:`build.bat` script) without specifying a value for ``UseTIER2``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3370 +msgid "" +":gh:`115119`: The :file:`configure` option :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` " +"now defaults to ``yes``. The bundled copy of ``libmpdecimal`` will be " +"removed in Python 3.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3374 +msgid "" +":gh:`117845`: Fix building against recent libedit versions by detecting " +"readline hook signatures in :program:`configure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3377 +msgid "" +":gh:`116622`: A testbed project was added to run the test suite on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3379 +msgid "" +":gh:`117645`: Increase WASI stack size from 512 KiB to 8 MiB and the initial" +" memory from 10 MiB to 20 MiB. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3382 +msgid "" +":gh:`115119`: :program:`configure` now uses :program:`pkg-config` to detect " +":mod:`decimal` dependencies if the :option:`--with-system-libmpdec` option " +"is given." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3389 +msgid ":gh:`115119`: Update Windows installer to use libmpdecimal 4.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3391 +msgid "" +":gh:`118486`: :func:`os.mkdir` now accepts *mode* of ``0o700`` to restrict " +"the new directory to the current user." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3394 +msgid ":gh:`118347`: Fixes launcher updates not being installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3396 +msgid "" +":gh:`118293`: The ``multiprocessing`` module now passes the " +"``STARTF_FORCEOFFFEEDBACK`` flag when spawning processes to tell Windows not" +" to change the mouse cursor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3400 +msgid ":gh:`115009`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.45.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3402 +msgid "" +":gh:`90329`: Suppress the warning displayed on virtual environment creation " +"when the requested and created paths differ only by a short (8.3 style) " +"name. Warnings will continue to be shown if a junction or symlink in the " +"path caused the venv to be created in a different location than originally " +"requested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3408 +msgid "" +":gh:`117786`: Fixes virtual environments not correctly launching when " +"created from a Store install." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3414 +msgid ":gh:`115119`: Update macOS installer to use libmpdecimal 4.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3416 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: iOS preprocessor symbol usage was made compatible with older " +"macOS SDKs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3419 +msgid ":gh:`115009`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.45.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3421 +msgid "" +":gh:`91629`: Use :file:`~/.config/fish/conf.d` configs and " +":program:`fish_add_path` to set :envvar:`PATH` when installing for the Fish " +"shell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3428 +msgid ":issue:`34774`: Use user-selected color theme for Help => IDLE Doc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3433 +msgid "" +":gh:`118124`: Fix :c:macro:`Py_BUILD_ASSERT` and " +":c:macro:`Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR` for non-constant expressions: use " +"``static_assert()`` on C11 and newer. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3437 +msgid ":gh:`110850`: Add \"Raw\" variant of PyTime functions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3439 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_MonotonicRaw`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3440 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounterRaw`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3441 +msgid ":c:func:`PyTime_TimeRaw`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3445 +msgid ":gh:`117987`: Restore functions removed in Python 3.13 alpha 1:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3447 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_SetPythonHome`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_SetPythonHome`" + +#: ../NEWS:3448 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_SetProgramName`" +msgstr ":c:func:`Py_SetProgramName`" + +#: ../NEWS:3449 +msgid ":c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx`" + +#: ../NEWS:3450 +msgid ":c:func:`PySys_SetArgv`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PySys_SetArgv`" + +#: ../NEWS:3454 +msgid "" +":gh:`117929`: Restore removed :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads` function. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3457 +msgid "" +":gh:`117534`: Improve validation logic in the C implementation of " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisoformat` to better handle invalid years. " +"Patch by Vlad Efanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3461 +msgid "" +":gh:`68114`: Fixed skipitem()'s handling of the old 'w' and 'w#' formatters." +" These are no longer supported and now raise an exception if used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3464 +msgid ":gh:`111997`: Add a C-API for firing monitoring events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3468 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 alpha 6" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3470 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-04-09*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3475 +msgid "" +":gh:`117494`: Refactored the instruction sequence data structure out of " +"compile.c into instruction_sequence.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3478 +msgid "" +":gh:`116968`: Introduce a unified 16-bit backoff counter type " +"(``_Py_BackoffCounter``), shared between the Tier 1 adaptive specializer and" +" the Tier 2 optimizer. The API used for adaptive specialization counters is " +"changed but the behavior is (supposed to be) identical." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3483 +msgid "The behavior of the Tier 2 counters is changed:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3485 +msgid "There are no longer dynamic thresholds (we never varied these)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3486 +msgid "All counters now use the same exponential backoff." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3487 +msgid "The counter for ``JUMP_BACKWARD`` starts counting down from 16." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3488 +msgid "The ``temperature`` in side exits starts counting down from 64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3494 +msgid ":meth:`!endswith`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3495 +msgid ":meth:`!startswith`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3497 +msgid "" +":gh:`117431`: Improve the performance of the following :class:`str` methods " +"by adapting them to the :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` calling convention:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3500 +msgid ":meth:`~str.count`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3501 +msgid ":meth:`~str.endswith`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3502 +msgid ":meth:`~str.find`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3503 +msgid ":meth:`~str.index`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3504 +msgid ":meth:`~str.rfind`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3505 +msgid ":meth:`~str.rindex`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3506 +msgid ":meth:`~str.startswith`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3508 +msgid "" +":gh:`117411`: Move ``PyFutureFeatures`` to an internal header and make it " +"private." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3511 +msgid "" +":gh:`109120`: Added handle of incorrect star expressions, e.g ``f(3, *)``. " +"Patch by Grigoryev Semyon" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3514 +msgid "" +":gh:`117266`: Fix crashes for certain user-created subclasses of " +":class:`ast.AST`. Such classes are now expected to set the ``_field_types`` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3518 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: Updated the :mod:`hashlib` built-in `HACL\\* project`_ C code " +"from upstream that we use for many implementations when they are not present" +" via OpenSSL in a given build. This also avoids the rare potential for a C " +"symbol name one definition rule linking issue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3525 +msgid "" +":gh:`117108`: Change the old space bit of objects in the young generation " +"from 0 to gcstate->visited, so that any objects created during GC will have " +"the old bit set correctly if they get moved into the old generation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3529 +msgid "" +":gh:`117108`: The cycle GC now chooses the size of increments based on the " +"total heap size, instead of the rate of object creation. This ensures that " +"it can keep up with growing heaps." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3533 +msgid "" +":gh:`116735`: For ``INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX``, set ``arg0`` to " +"``sys.monitoring.MISSING`` instead of ``None`` for :monitoring-event:`CALL` " +"event." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3537 +msgid "" +":gh:`113964`: Starting new threads and process creation through " +":func:`os.fork` are now only prevented once all non-daemon threads exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3540 +msgid "" +":gh:`116626`: Ensure ``INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX`` always emits " +":monitoring-event:`CALL`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3543 +msgid "" +":gh:`116554`: ``list.sort()`` now exploits more cases of partial ordering, " +"particularly those with long descending runs with sub-runs of equal values. " +"Those are recognized as single runs now (previously, each block of repeated " +"values caused a new run to be created)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3548 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: Added a Loader that can discover extension modules in an iOS-" +"style Frameworks folder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3551 +msgid "" +":gh:`115775`: Compiler populates the new ``__static_attributes__`` field on " +"a class with the names of attributes of this class which are accessed " +"through self.X from any function in its body." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3555 +msgid "" +":gh:`115776`: The array of values, the ``PyDictValues`` struct is now " +"embedded in the object during allocation. This provides better performance " +"in the common case, and does not degrade as much when the object's " +"``__dict__`` is materialized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3560 +msgid "" +":gh:`108362`: Implement an incremental cyclic garbage collector. By " +"collecting the old generation in increments, there is no need for a full " +"heap scan. This can hugely reduce maximum pause time for programs with large" +" heaps." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3565 +msgid "" +"Reduce the number of generations from three to two. The old generation is " +"split into two spaces, \"visited\" and \"pending\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3568 +msgid "" +"Collection happens in two steps:: * An increment is formed from the young " +"generation and a small part of the pending space. * This increment is " +"scanned and the survivors moved to the end of the visited space." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3572 +msgid "When the collecting space becomes empty, the two spaces are swapped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3574 +msgid "" +":gh:`109870`: Dataclasses now calls :func:`exec` once per dataclass, instead" +" of once per method being added. This can speed up dataclass creation by up" +" to 20%." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3578 +msgid "" +":gh:`97901`: Mime type ``text/rtf`` is now supported by :mod:`mimetypes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3580 +msgid "" +":issue:`24612`: Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` that happens when 'not' " +"appears after an operator. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3586 +msgid "" +":gh:`117648`: Improve performance of :func:`os.path.join` and " +":func:`os.path.expanduser`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3589 +msgid "" +":gh:`117584`: Raise :exc:`TypeError` for non-paths in " +":func:`posixpath.relpath`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3592 +msgid "" +":gh:`117467`: Preserve mailbox ownership when rewriting in " +":func:`mailbox.mbox.flush`. Patch by Tony Mountifield." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3595 +msgid "" +":gh:`114848`: Raise :exc:`FileNotFoundError` when ``getcwd()`` returns " +"'(unreachable)', which can happen on Linux >= 2.6.36 with glibc < 2.27." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3598 +msgid "" +":gh:`117459`: :meth:`asyncio.asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` now keeps the" +" traceback of :class:`CancelledError`, :class:`TimeoutError` and " +":class:`InvalidStateError` which are raised in the coroutine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3602 +msgid ":gh:`117381`: Fix error message for :func:`ntpath.commonpath`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3604 +msgid "" +":gh:`117337`: Deprecate undocumented :func:`!glob.glob0` and " +":func:`!glob.glob1` functions. Use :func:`glob.glob` and pass a directory to" +" its *root_dir* argument instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3608 +msgid ":gh:`117349`: Optimise several functions in :mod:`os.path`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3610 +msgid "" +":gh:`117348`: Refactored :meth:`configparser.RawConfigParser._read` to " +"reduce cyclometric complexity and improve comprehensibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3613 +msgid "" +":gh:`117335`: Raise TypeError for non-sequences for " +":func:`ntpath.commonpath`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3616 +msgid "" +":gh:`66449`: :class:`configparser.ConfigParser` now accepts unnamed sections" +" before named ones, if configured to do so." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3619 +msgid "" +":gh:`88014`: In documentation of :class:`gzip.GzipFile` in module gzip, " +"explain data type of optional constructor argument *mtime*, and recommend " +"``mtime = 0`` for generating deterministic streams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3623 +msgid "" +":gh:`117310`: Fixed an unlikely early & extra ``Py_DECREF`` triggered crash " +"in :mod:`ssl` when creating a new ``_ssl._SSLContext`` if CPython was built " +"implausibly such that the default cipher list is empty **or** the SSL " +"library it was linked against reports a failure from its C " +"``SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list()`` API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3629 +msgid "" +":gh:`117294`: A ``DocTestCase`` now reports as skipped if all examples in " +"the doctest are skipped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3632 +msgid "" +":gh:`98966`: In :mod:`subprocess`, raise a more informative message when " +"``stdout=STDOUT``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3635 +msgid "" +":gh:`117225`: doctest: only print \"and X failed\" when non-zero, don't " +"pluralise \"1 items\". Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3638 +msgid "" +":gh:`117205`: Speed up :func:`compileall.compile_dir` by 20% when using " +"multiprocessing by increasing ``chunksize``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3641 +msgid "" +":gh:`117178`: Fix regression in lazy loading of self-referential modules, " +"introduced in :gh:`114781`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3644 +msgid "" +":gh:`112383`: Fix :mod:`dis` module's handling of ``ENTER_EXECUTOR`` " +"instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3647 +msgid "" +":gh:`117182`: Lazy-loading of modules that modify their own ``__class__`` no" +" longer reverts the ``__class__`` to :class:`types.ModuleType`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3650 +msgid "" +":gh:`117084`: Fix :mod:`zipfile` extraction for directory entries with the " +"name containing backslashes on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3653 +msgid "" +":gh:`117114`: Make :func:`os.path.isdevdrive` available on all platforms. " +"For those that do not offer Dev Drives, it will always return ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3656 +msgid "" +":gh:`117110`: Fix a bug that prevents subclasses of :class:`typing.Any` to " +"be instantiated with arguments. Patch by Chris Fu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3659 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Deferred select imports in importlib.metadata and " +"importlib.resources for a 14% speedup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3662 +msgid "" +":gh:`70647`: Start the deprecation period for the current behavior of " +":func:`datetime.datetime.strptime` and :func:`time.strptime` which always " +"fails to parse a date string with a :exc:`ValueError` involving a day of " +"month such as ``strptime(\"02-29\", \"%m-%d\")`` when a year is **not** " +"specified and the date happen to be February 29th. This should help avoid " +"users finding new bugs every four years due to a natural mistaken assumption" +" about the API when parsing partial date values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3670 +msgid ":gh:`116987`: Fixed :func:`inspect.findsource` for class code objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3672 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: Modify standard library to allow for iOS platform differences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3674 +msgid "" +":gh:`90872`: On Windows, :meth:`subprocess.Popen.wait` no longer calls " +"``WaitForSingleObject()`` with a negative timeout: pass ``0`` ms if the " +"timeout is negative. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3678 +msgid "" +":gh:`116957`: configparser: Don't leave ConfigParser values in an invalid " +"state (stored as a list instead of a str) after an earlier read raised " +"DuplicateSectionError or DuplicateOptionError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3682 +msgid "" +":gh:`115538`: :class:`!_io.WindowsConsoleIO` now emit a warning if a boolean" +" value is passed as a filedescriptor argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3685 +msgid ":gh:`90095`: Ignore empty lines and comments in ``.pdbrc``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3687 +msgid "" +":gh:`106531`: Refreshed zipfile._path from `zipp 3.18 " +"`_, providing " +"better compatibility for PyPy, better glob performance for deeply nested " +"zipfiles, and providing internal access to ``CompleteDirs.inject`` for use " +"in other tests (like importlib.resources)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3693 +msgid "" +":gh:`63207`: On Windows, :func:`time.time` now uses the " +"``GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime()`` clock to have a resolution better than " +"1 us, instead of the ``GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`` clock which has a " +"resolution of 15.6 ms. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3698 +msgid "" +":gh:`116764`: Restore support of ``None`` and other false values in " +":mod:`urllib.parse` functions :func:`~urllib.parse.parse_qs` and " +":func:`~urllib.parse.parse_qsl`. Also, they now raise a TypeError for non-" +"zero integers and non-empty sequences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3703 +msgid "" +":gh:`116811`: In ``PathFinder.invalidate_caches``, delegate to " +"``MetadataPathFinder.invalidate_caches``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3706 +msgid ":gh:`116647`: Fix recursive child in dataclasses" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3708 +msgid ":gh:`113171`: Fixed various false positives and false negatives in" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3710 +msgid ":attr:`ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private` (see these docs for details)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3711 +msgid ":attr:`ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_global`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3712 +msgid ":attr:`ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_private`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3713 +msgid ":attr:`ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_global`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3715 +msgid "" +"Also in the corresponding :class:`ipaddress.IPv4Network` and " +":class:`ipaddress.IPv6Network` attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3718 +msgid "" +":gh:`63283`: In :mod:`encodings.idna`, any capitalization of the ACE prefix " +"(``xn--``) is now acceptable. Patch by Pepijn de Vos and Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3721 +msgid "" +":gh:`71042`: Add :func:`platform.android_ver`, which provides device and OS " +"information on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3724 +msgid "" +":gh:`73468`: Added new :func:`math.fma` function, wrapping C99's ``fma()`` " +"operation: fused multiply-add function. Patch by Mark Dickinson and Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3728 +msgid "" +":gh:`116608`: The :mod:`importlib.resources` functions " +":func:`~importlib.resources.is_resource`, " +":func:`~importlib.resources.open_binary`, " +":func:`~importlib.resources.open_text`, :func:`~importlib.resources.path`, " +":func:`~importlib.resources.read_binary`, and " +":func:`~importlib.resources.read_text` are un-deprecated, and support " +"subdirectories via multiple positional arguments. The " +":func:`~importlib.resources.contents` function also allows subdirectories, " +"but remains deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3738 +msgid "" +":gh:`116484`: Change automatically generated :class:`tkinter.Checkbutton` " +"widget names to avoid collisions with automatically generated " +":class:`tkinter.ttk.Checkbutton` widget names within the same parent widget." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3743 +msgid "" +":gh:`114314`: In :mod:`ctypes`, ctype data is now stored in type objects " +"directly rather than in a dict subclass. This is an internal change that " +"should not affect usage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3747 +msgid "" +":gh:`116401`: Fix blocking :func:`os.fwalk` and :func:`shutil.rmtree` on " +"opening named pipe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3750 +msgid ":gh:`71052`: Implement :func:`ctypes.util.find_library` on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3752 +msgid "" +":gh:`90535`: Fix support of *interval* values > 1 in " +":class:`logging.TimedRotatingFileHandler` for ``when='MIDNIGHT'`` and " +"``when='Wx'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3756 +msgid "" +":gh:`113308`: Remove some internal protected parts from :mod:`uuid`: " +"``_has_uuid_generate_time_safe``, ``_netbios_getnode``, " +"``_ipconfig_getnode``, and ``_load_system_functions``. They were unused." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3760 +msgid "" +":gh:`115627`: Fix the :mod:`ssl` module error handling of connection " +"terminate by peer. It now throws an OSError with the appropriate error code " +"instead of an EOFError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3764 +msgid "" +":gh:`114847`: Speed up :func:`os.path.realpath` on non-Windows platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3766 +msgid ":gh:`114271`: Fix a race in ``threading.Thread.join()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3768 +msgid "" +"``threading._MainThread`` now always represents the main thread of the main " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3771 +msgid "" +"``PyThreadState.on_delete`` and ``PyThreadState.on_delete_data`` have been " +"removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3774 +msgid "" +":gh:`113538`: Add :meth:`asyncio.Server.close_clients` and " +":meth:`asyncio.Server.abort_clients` methods which allow to more forcefully " +"close an asyncio server." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3778 +msgid "" +":gh:`85287`: Changes Unicode codecs to return UnicodeEncodeError or " +"UnicodeDecodeError, rather than just UnicodeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3781 +msgid ":gh:`113548`: :mod:`pdb` now allows CLI arguments to ``pdb -m``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3783 +msgid ":gh:`112948`: Make completion of :mod:`pdb` similar to Python REPL" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3785 +msgid "" +":gh:`105866`: Fixed ``_get_slots`` bug which caused error when defining " +"dataclasses with slots and a weakref_slot." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3788 +msgid "" +":gh:`96471`: Add :py:class:`asyncio.Queue` termination with " +":py:meth:`~asyncio.Queue.shutdown` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3791 +msgid ":gh:`89739`: The :mod:`zipimport` module can now read ZIP64 files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3793 +msgid "" +":issue:`33533`: :func:`asyncio.as_completed` now returns an object that is " +"both an asynchronous iterator and plain iterator. The new asynchronous " +"iteration pattern allows for easier correlation between prior tasks and " +"their completed results. This is a closer match to " +":func:`concurrent.futures.as_completed`'s iteration pattern. Patch by Justin" +" Arthur." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3800 +msgid "" +":issue:`27578`: :func:`inspect.getsource` (and related functions) work with " +"empty module files, returning ``'\\n'`` (or reasonable equivalent) instead " +"of raising ``OSError``. Patch by Kernc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3804 +msgid "" +":issue:`37141`: Accept an iterable of separators in " +":meth:`asyncio.StreamReader.readuntil`, stopping when one of them is " +"encountered." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3808 +msgid "" +":gh:`66543`: Make :func:`mimetypes.guess_type` properly parsing of URLs with" +" only a host name, URLs containing fragment or query, and filenames with " +"only a UNC sharepoint on Windows. Based on patch by Dong-hee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3812 +msgid "" +":issue:`15010`: :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.discover` now saves the original " +"value of ``unittest.TestLoader._top_level_dir`` and restores it at the end " +"of the call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3819 +msgid ":gh:`115977`: Remove compatibility references to Emscripten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3821 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: Add an iOS platform guide, and flag modules not available on " +"iOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3824 +msgid "" +":gh:`91565`: Changes to documentation files and config outputs to reflect " +"the new location for reporting bugs - i.e. GitHub rather than " +"bugs.python.org." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3830 +msgid "" +":gh:`83434`: Disable JUnit XML output (``--junit-xml=FILE`` command line " +"option) in regrtest when hunting for reference leaks (``-R`` option). Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3834 +msgid ":gh:`117187`: Fix XML tests for vanilla Expat <2.6.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3836 +msgid "" +":gh:`116333`: Tests of TLS related things (error codes, etc) were updated to" +" be more lenient about specific error message strings and behaviors as seen " +"in the BoringSSL and AWS-LC forks of OpenSSL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3840 +msgid "" +":gh:`117089`: Consolidated tests for importlib.metadata in their own " +"``metadata`` package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3843 +msgid "" +":gh:`115979`: Update test_importlib so that it passes under WASI SDK 21." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3845 +msgid "" +":gh:`112536`: Add --tsan to test.regrtest for running TSAN tests in " +"reasonable execution times. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3848 +msgid "" +":gh:`116307`: Added import helper ``isolated_modules`` as ``CleanImport`` " +"does not remove modules imported during the context. Use it in " +"importlib.resources tests to avoid leaving ``mod`` around to impede " +"importlib.metadata tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3856 +msgid ":gh:`114736`: Have WASI builds use WASI SDK 21." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3858 +msgid "" +":gh:`115983`: Skip building test modules that must be built as shared under " +"WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3861 +msgid ":gh:`71052`: Add Android build script and instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3866 +msgid "" +":gh:`117267`: Ensure ``DirEntry.stat().st_ctime`` behaves consistently with " +":func:`os.stat` during the deprecation period of ``st_ctime`` by containing " +"the same value as ``st_birthtime``. After the deprecation period, " +"``st_ctime`` will be the metadata change time (or unavailable through " +"``DirEntry``), and only ``st_birthtime`` will contain the creation time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3873 +msgid "" +":gh:`116195`: Improves performance of :func:`os.getppid` by using an " +"alternate system API when available. Contributed by vxiiduu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3876 +msgid "" +":gh:`88494`: On Windows, :func:`time.monotonic` now uses the " +"``QueryPerformanceCounter()`` clock to have a resolution better than 1 us, " +"instead of the ``GetTickCount64()`` clock which has a resolution of 15.6 ms." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3881 +msgid "" +":gh:`116773`: Fix instances of ``<_overlapped.Overlapped object at 0xXXX> " +"still has pending operation at deallocation, the process may crash``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3884 +msgid "" +":gh:`91227`: Fix the asyncio ProactorEventLoop implementation so that " +"sending a datagram to an address that is not listening does not prevent " +"receiving any more datagrams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3888 +msgid "" +":gh:`115119`: Switched from vendored ``libmpdecimal`` code to a separately-" +"hosted external package in the ``cpython-source-deps`` repository when " +"building the ``_decimal`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3895 +msgid ":gh:`117642`: Fix :pep:`737` implementation for ``%#T`` and ``%#N``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3897 +msgid "" +":gh:`87193`: :c:func:`_PyBytes_Resize` can now be called for bytes objects " +"with reference count > 1, including 1-byte bytes objects. It creates a new " +"bytes object and destroys the old one if it has reference count > 1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3901 +msgid "" +":gh:`117021`: Fix integer overflow in :c:func:`PyLong_AsPid` on non-Windows " +"64-bit platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3904 +msgid "" +":gh:`115756`: :c:func:`!PyCode_GetFirstFree` is an ustable API now and has " +"been renamed to :c:func:`PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree`. (Contributed by " +"Bogdan Romanyuk in :gh:`115781`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3908 +msgid "" +":gh:`116869`: Add ``test_cext`` test: build a C extension to check if the " +"Python C API emits C compiler warnings. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3911 +msgid "" +":gh:`116869`: Make the C API compatible with ``-Werror=declaration-after-" +"statement`` compiler flag again. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3915 +msgid "" +":gh:`116936`: Add :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef` to the limited C API. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3918 +msgid "" +":gh:`116809`: Restore removed private ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions1()`` " +"function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3921 +msgid "" +":gh:`115754`: In the limited C API version 3.13, getting ``Py_None``, " +"``Py_False``, ``Py_True``, ``Py_Ellipsis`` and ``Py_NotImplemented`` " +"singletons is now implemented as function calls at the stable ABI level to " +"hide implementation details. Getting these constants still return borrowed " +"references. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3927 +msgid "" +":gh:`115754`: Add :c:func:`Py_GetConstant` and " +":c:func:`Py_GetConstantBorrowed` functions to get constants. For example, " +"``Py_GetConstant(Py_CONSTANT_ZERO)`` returns a :term:`strong reference` to " +"the constant zero. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3932 +msgid "" +":gh:`111696`: Add support for ``%T``, ``%T#``, ``%N`` and ``%N#`` formats to" +" :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`: format the fully qualified name of an " +"object type and of a type: call :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleName`. See " +":pep:`737` for more information. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3937 +msgid "" +":gh:`111696`: Add :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleName` function to get the type's " +"module name. Equivalent to getting the ``type.__module__`` attribute. Patch " +"by Eric Snow and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3941 +msgid "" +":gh:`111696`: Add :c:func:`PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName` function to get the" +" type's fully qualified name. Equivalent to " +"``f\"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}\"``, or ``type.__qualname__`` if " +"``type.__module__`` is not a string or is equal to ``\"builtins\"``. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3947 +msgid "" +":gh:`85283`: The ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``pwd``, ``termios``, ``_statistics`` " +"and ``_testconsole`` C extensions are now built with the :ref:`limited C API" +" `. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3951 +msgid "" +":gh:`111140`: Add additional flags to :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes` and " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromNativeBytes` to allow the caller to determine how to " +"handle edge cases around values that fill the entire buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3955 +msgid ":gh:`113024`: Add :c:func:`PyObject_GenericHash` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3959 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 alpha 5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3961 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-03-12*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3966 +msgid "" +":gh:`115398`: Allow controlling Expat >=2.6.0 reparse deferral " +"(:cve:`2023-52425`) by adding five new methods:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3969 +msgid ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser.flush`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser.flush`" + +#: ../NEWS:3970 +msgid ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser.flush`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser.flush`" + +#: ../NEWS:3971 +msgid ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.GetReparseDeferralEnabled`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.GetReparseDeferralEnabled`" + +#: ../NEWS:3972 +msgid ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled`" +msgstr ":meth:`xml.parsers.expat.xmlparser.SetReparseDeferralEnabled`" + +#: ../NEWS:3973 +msgid ":meth:`xml.sax.expatreader.ExpatParser.flush`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3975 +msgid "" +":gh:`114572`: :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.cert_store_stats` and " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.get_ca_certs` now correctly lock access to the " +"certificate store, when the :class:`ssl.SSLContext` is shared across " +"multiple threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3983 +msgid "" +":gh:`116604`: Respect the status of the garbage collector when indirect " +"calls are made via :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` and the evaluation breaker. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3987 +msgid "" +":gh:`112087`: :class:`list` is now compatible with the implementation of " +":pep:`703`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3990 +msgid ":gh:`116381`: Add specialization for ``CONTAINS_OP``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3992 +msgid "" +":gh:`116296`: Fix possible refleak in :meth:`!object.__reduce__` internal " +"error handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3995 +msgid "" +":gh:`115823`: Properly calculate error ranges in the parser when raising " +":exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions caused by invalid byte sequences. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:3999 +msgid "" +":gh:`115778`: Add ``tierN`` annotation for instruction definition in " +"interpreter DSL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4002 +msgid "" +":gh:`115733`: Fix crash when calling ``next()`` on exhausted list iterators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4004 +msgid ":gh:`115700`: The regen-cases build stage now works on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4006 +msgid "" +":gh:`115347`: Fix bug where docstring was replaced by a redundant NOP when " +"Python is run with ``-OO``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4009 +msgid "" +":gh:`115323`: Make error message more meaningful for when " +":meth:`bytearray.extend` is called with a :class:`str` object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4012 +msgid "" +":gh:`112175`: Every ``PyThreadState`` now has its own ``eval_breaker``, " +"allowing specific threads to be interrupted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4015 +msgid "" +":gh:`115154`: Fix a bug that was causing the :func:`tokenize.untokenize` " +"function to handle unicode named literals incorrectly. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4019 +msgid "" +":gh:`112433`: Add ability to force alignment of :mod:`ctypes.Structure` by " +"way of the new ``_align_`` attribute on the class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4022 +msgid "" +":gh:`104090`: The multiprocessing resource tracker now exits with non-zero " +"status code if a resource leak was detected. It still exits with status code" +" 0 otherwise." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4026 +msgid "" +":gh:`105858`: Improve the constructors for :mod:`ast` nodes. Arguments of " +"list types now default to an empty list if omitted, and optional fields " +"default to ``None``. AST nodes now have an ``__annotations__`` attribute " +"with the expected types of their attributes. Passing unrecognized extra " +"arguments to AST nodes is deprecated and will become an error in Python " +"3.15. Omitting a required argument to an AST node is deprecated and will " +"become an error in Python 3.15. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4034 +msgid ":gh:`101860`: Expose ``__name__`` attribute on property." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4036 +msgid "" +":gh:`96497`: Fix incorrect resolution of mangled class variables used in " +"assignment expressions in comprehensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4042 +msgid ":gh:`116600`: Fix :func:`repr` for global :class:`~enum.Flag` members." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4044 +msgid "" +":gh:`116349`: :func:`platform.java_ver` is deprecated and will be removed in" +" 3.15. It was largely untested, had a confusing API, and was only useful for" +" Jython support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4048 +msgid "" +":gh:`116143`: Fix a race in pydoc ``_start_server``, eliminating a window in" +" which ``_start_server`` can return a thread that is \"serving\" but without" +" a ``docserver`` set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4052 +msgid "" +":gh:`116127`: :mod:`typing`: implement :pep:`705` which adds " +":data:`typing.ReadOnly` support to :class:`typing.TypedDict`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4055 +msgid "" +":gh:`116325`: :mod:`typing`: raise :exc:`SyntaxError` instead of " +":exc:`AttributeError` on forward references as empty strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4058 +msgid "" +":gh:`115957`: When ``asyncio.TaskGroup.create_task`` is called on an " +"inactive ``asyncio.TaskGroup``, the given coroutine will be closed (which " +"prevents a ``RuntimeWarning``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4062 +msgid "" +":gh:`115978`: Disable preadv(), readv(), pwritev(), and writev() on WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4064 +msgid "" +"Under wasmtime for WASI 0.2, these functions don't pass test_posix " +"(https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/7830)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4067 +msgid "" +":gh:`88352`: Fix the computation of the next rollover time in the " +":class:`logging.TimedRotatingFileHandler` handler. :meth:`!computeRollover` " +"now always returns a timestamp larger than the specified time and works " +"correctly during the DST change. :meth:`!doRollover` no longer overwrite the" +" already rolled over file, saving from data loss when run at midnight or " +"during repeated time at the DST change." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4075 +msgid "" +":gh:`87115`: Set ``__main__.__spec__`` to ``None`` when running a script " +"with :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4078 +msgid "" +":gh:`76511`: Fix UnicodeEncodeError in :meth:`email.Message.as_string` that " +"results when a message that claims to be in the ascii character set actually" +" has non-ascii characters. Non-ascii characters are now replaced with the " +"U+FFFD replacement character, like in the ``replace`` error handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4084 +msgid "" +":gh:`89547`: Add support for nested typing special forms like " +"Final[ClassVar[int]]." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4087 +msgid ":gh:`65824`: Improve the ``less`` prompt in :mod:`pydoc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4089 +msgid "" +":gh:`116040`: [Enum] fix by-value calls when second value is falsey; e.g. " +"Cardinal(1, 0)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4092 +msgid "" +":gh:`115821`: [Enum] Improve error message when calling super().__new__() in" +" custom __new__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4095 +msgid "" +":gh:`85644`: Use the ``XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP`` environment variable in " +":mod:`webbrowser` to check desktop. Prefer it to the deprecated " +"``GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID`` for GNOME detection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4099 +msgid "" +":gh:`75988`: Fixed :func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec` to pass the call " +"through to the wrapped object to return the real result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4102 +msgid "" +":gh:`115881`: Fix issue where :func:`ast.parse` would incorrectly flag " +"conditional context managers (such as ``with (x() if y else z()): ...``) as " +"invalid syntax if ``feature_version=(3, 8)`` was passed. This reverts " +"changes to the grammar made as part of :gh:`94949`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4107 +msgid "" +":gh:`115886`: Fix silent truncation of the name with an embedded null " +"character in :class:`multiprocessing.shared_memory.SharedMemory`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4110 +msgid ":gh:`115532`: Add kernel density estimation to the statistics module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4112 +msgid "" +":gh:`115714`: On WASI, the :mod:`time` module no longer get process time " +"using ``times()`` or ``CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID``, system API is that is " +"unreliable and is likely to be removed from WASI. The affected clock " +"functions fall back to calling ``clock()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4117 +msgid "" +":gh:`115809`: Improve algorithm for computing which rolled-over log files to" +" delete in :class:`logging.TimedRotatingFileHandler`. It is now reliable for" +" handlers without ``namer`` and with arbitrary deterministic ``namer`` that " +"leaves the datetime part in the file name unmodified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4122 +msgid "" +":gh:`74668`: :mod:`urllib.parse` functions :func:`~urllib.parse.parse_qs` " +"and :func:`~urllib.parse.parse_qsl` now support bytes arguments containing " +"raw and percent-encoded non-ASCII data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4126 +msgid "" +":gh:`67044`: :func:`csv.writer` now always quotes or escapes ``'\\r'`` and " +"``'\\n'``, regardless of *lineterminator* value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4129 +msgid "" +":gh:`115712`: Restore support of space delimiter with " +"``skipinitialspace=True`` in :mod:`csv`. :func:`csv.writer` now quotes empty" +" fields if delimiter is a space and skipinitialspace is true and raises " +"exception if quoting is not possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4134 +msgid "" +":gh:`112364`: Fixed :func:`ast.unparse` to handle format_spec with ``\"``, " +"``'`` or ``\\\\``. Patched by Frank Hoffmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4137 +msgid "" +":gh:`112997`: Stop logging potentially sensitive callback arguments in " +":mod:`asyncio` unless debug mode is active." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4140 +msgid "" +":gh:`114914`: Fix an issue where an abandoned :class:`StreamWriter` would " +"not be garbage collected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4143 +msgid "" +":gh:`111358`: Fix a bug in " +":meth:`asyncio.BaseEventLoop.shutdown_default_executor` to ensure the " +"timeout passed to the coroutine behaves as expected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4147 +msgid "" +":gh:`115618`: Fix improper decreasing the reference count for ``None`` " +"argument in :class:`property` methods :meth:`~property.getter`, " +":meth:`~property.setter` and :meth:`~property.deleter`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4151 +msgid "" +":gh:`112720`: Refactor :class:`dis.ArgResolver` to make it possible to " +"subclass and change the way jump args are interpreted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4154 +msgid "" +":gh:`112006`: Fix :func:`inspect.unwrap` for types with the ``__wrapper__`` " +"data descriptor. Fix :meth:`inspect.Signature.from_callable` for builtins " +":func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4158 +msgid "" +":gh:`101293`: Support callables with the ``__call__()`` method and types " +"with ``__new__()`` and ``__init__()`` methods set to class methods, static " +"methods, bound methods, partial functions, and other types of methods and " +"descriptors in :meth:`inspect.Signature.from_callable`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4163 +msgid ":gh:`103092`: Isolate :mod:`!_lsprof` (apply :pep:`687`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4165 +msgid "" +":gh:`113942`: :mod:`pydoc` no longer skips global functions implemented as " +"builtin methods, such as :class:`~type.MethodDescriptorType` and " +":class:`~type.WrapperDescriptorType`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4169 +msgid "" +":gh:`115256`: Added DeprecationWarning when accessing the tarfile attribute " +"of TarInfo objects. The attribute is never used internally and is only " +"attached to TarInfos when the tarfile is opened in write-mode, not read-" +"mode. The attribute creates an unnecessary reference cycle which may cause " +"corruption when not closing the handle after writing a tarfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4175 +msgid "" +":gh:`115197`: ``urllib.request`` no longer resolves the hostname before " +"checking it against the system's proxy bypass list on macOS and Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4178 +msgid "" +":gh:`113812`: :meth:`DatagramTransport.sendto` will now send zero-length " +"datagrams if called with an empty bytes object. The transport flow control " +"also now accounts for the datagram header when calculating the buffer size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4183 +msgid "" +":gh:`114763`: Protect modules loaded with :class:`importlib.util.LazyLoader`" +" from race conditions when multiple threads try to access attributes before " +"the loading is complete." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4187 +msgid "" +":gh:`114709`: :func:`posixpath.commonpath` now raises a :exc:`ValueError` " +"exception when passed an empty iterable. Previously, :exc:`IndexError` was " +"raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4191 +msgid "" +":func:`posixpath.commonpath` now raises a :exc:`TypeError` exception when " +"passed ``None``. Previously, :exc:`ValueError` was raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4194 +msgid "" +":gh:`114610`: Fix bug where :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_stem` converted a " +"non-empty path suffix to a stem when given an empty *stem* argument. It now " +"raises :exc:`ValueError`, just like :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_suffix` " +"does when called on a path with an empty stem, given a non-empty *suffix* " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4200 +msgid "" +":gh:`107361`: Add :data:`ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` and " +":data:`VERIFY_X509_STRICT` to the default SSL context created with " +":func:`ssl.create_default_context`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4204 +msgid "" +":gh:`112281`: Allow creating :ref:`union of types` for " +":class:`typing.Annotated` with unhashable metadata." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4207 +msgid "" +":gh:`111775`: Fix :meth:`importlib.resources.simple.ResourceHandle.open` for" +" text mode, added missed ``stream`` argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4210 +msgid ":gh:`90095`: Make .pdbrc and -c work with any valid pdb commands." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4212 +msgid "" +":gh:`107625`: Raise :exc:`configparser.ParsingError` from " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.read` and " +":meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.read_file` methods of " +":class:`configparser.ConfigParser` if a key without a corresponding value is" +" continued (that is, followed by an indented line)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4218 +msgid "" +":gh:`107155`: Fix incorrect output of ``help(x)`` where ``x`` is a " +":keyword:`lambda` function, which has an ``__annotations__`` dictionary " +"attribute with a ``\"return\"`` key." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4222 +msgid "" +":gh:`57141`: Add option for *non-shallow* comparisons to " +":class:`filecmp.dircmp` like :func:`filecmp.cmp`. Original patch by Steven " +"Ward. Enhanced by Tobias Rautenkranz" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4226 +msgid "" +":gh:`69990`: :meth:`Profile.print_stats` has been improved to accept " +"multiple sort arguments. Patched by Chiu-Hsiang Hsu and Furkan Onder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4229 +msgid ":gh:`104061`: Add :data:`socket.SO_BINDTOIFINDEX` constant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4231 +msgid ":gh:`60346`: Fix ArgumentParser inconsistent with parse_known_args." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4233 +msgid ":gh:`102389`: Add ``windows_31j`` to aliases for ``cp932`` codec" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4235 +msgid "" +":gh:`72249`: :func:`functools.partial`s of :func:`repr` has been improved to" +" include the :term:`module` name. Patched by Furkan Onder and Anilyka Barry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4239 +msgid "" +":gh:`100985`: Update HTTPSConnection to consistently wrap IPv6 Addresses " +"when using a proxy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4242 +msgid "" +":gh:`100884`: email: fix misfolding of comma in address-lists over multiple " +"lines in combination with unicode encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4245 +msgid "" +":gh:`95782`: Fix :func:`io.BufferedReader.tell`, " +":func:`io.BufferedReader.seek`, :func:`!_pyio.BufferedReader.tell`, " +":func:`io.BufferedRandom.tell`, :func:`io.BufferedRandom.seek` and " +":func:`!_pyio.BufferedRandom.tell` being able to return negative offsets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4250 +msgid "" +":gh:`96310`: Fix a traceback in :mod:`argparse` when all options in a " +"mutually exclusive group are suppressed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4253 +msgid "" +":gh:`93205`: Fixed a bug in " +":class:`logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler` where multiple rotating " +"handler instances pointing to files with the same name but different " +"extensions would conflict and not delete the correct files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4258 +msgid ":issue:`31116`: Add Z85 encoding to ``base64``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4260 +msgid "" +":issue:`44865`: Add missing call to localization function in " +":mod:`argparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4262 +msgid "" +":issue:`43952`: Fix :meth:`multiprocessing.connection.Listener.accept` to " +"accept empty bytes as authkey. Not accepting empty bytes as key causes it to" +" hang indefinitely." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4266 +msgid "" +":issue:`42125`: linecache: get module name from ``__spec__`` if available. " +"This allows getting source code for the ``__main__`` module when a custom " +"loader is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4270 +msgid "" +":issue:`41122`: Failing to pass arguments properly to " +":func:`functools.singledispatchmethod` now throws a TypeError instead of " +"hitting an index out of bounds internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4274 +msgid "" +":issue:`40818`: The asyncio REPL now runs :data:`sys.__interactivehook__` on" +" startup. The default implementation of :data:`sys.__interactivehook__` " +"provides auto-completion to the asyncio REPL. Patch contributed by Rémi " +"Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4279 +msgid "" +":issue:`33775`: Add 'default' and 'version' help text for localization in " +"argparse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4285 +msgid "" +":gh:`115399`: Document :cve:`2023-52425` of Expat <2.6.0 under \"XML " +"vulnerabilities\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4288 +msgid ":gh:`109653`: Improve import time of :mod:`uuid` on Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4293 +msgid "" +":gh:`71052`: Add test exclusions to support running the test suite on " +"Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4296 +msgid "" +":gh:`71052`: Enable ``test_concurrent_futures`` on platforms that support " +"threading but not multiprocessing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4299 +msgid "" +":gh:`115796`: Make '_testinternalcapi.assemble_code_object' construct the " +"exception table for the code object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4302 +msgid "" +":gh:`115720`: Leak tests (``-R``, ``--huntrleaks``) now show a summary of " +"the number of leaks found in each iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4305 +msgid "" +":gh:`115122`: Add ``--bisect`` option to regrtest test runner: run failed " +"tests with ``test.bisect_cmd`` to identify failing tests. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4309 +msgid "" +":gh:`115596`: Fix ``ProgramPriorityTests`` in ``test_os`` permanently " +"changing the process priority." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4312 +msgid "" +":gh:`115556`: On Windows, commas passed in arguments to " +"``Tools\\buildbot\\test.bat`` and ``PCbuild\\\\rt.bat`` are now properly " +"handled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4316 +msgid "" +":gh:`115420`: Fix translation of exception handler targets by " +"``_testinternalcapi.optimize_cfg``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4319 +msgid "" +":gh:`115376`: Fix segfault in ``_testinternalcapi.compiler_codegen`` on bad " +"input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4325 +msgid "" +":gh:`116313`: Get WASI builds to work under wasmtime 18 w/ WASI 0.2/preview2" +" primitives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4328 +msgid "" +":gh:`71052`: Change Android's :data:`sys.platform` from ``\"linux\"`` to " +"``\"android\"``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4331 +msgid "" +":gh:`116117`: Backport ``libb2``'s PR #42 to fix compiling CPython on 32-bit" +" Windows with ``clang-cl``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4334 +msgid ":gh:`71052`: Fix several Android build issues" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4336 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: A testbed project was added to run the test suite on iOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4338 +msgid "" +":gh:`115350`: Fix building ctypes module with -DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN defined" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4340 +msgid ":gh:`111225`: Link extension modules against libpython on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4342 +msgid "" +":gh:`115737`: The install name for libPython is now correctly set for non-" +"framework macOS builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4345 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: Makefile targets were added to support compiling an iOS-" +"compatible framework build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4351 +msgid "" +":gh:`116012`: Ensure the value of ``GetLastError()`` is preserved across GIL" +" operations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4354 +msgid "" +":gh:`115582`: Building extensions intended for free-threaded builds of " +"CPython now require compiling with ``/DPy_GIL_DISABLED`` manually when using" +" a regular install. This is expected to change in future releases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4358 +msgid "" +":gh:`115554`: The installer now has more strict rules about updating the " +":ref:`launcher`. In general, most users only have a single launcher " +"installed and will see no difference. When multiple launchers have been " +"installed, the option to install the launcher is disabled until all but one " +"have been removed. Downgrading the launcher (which was never allowed) is now" +" more obviously blocked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4365 +msgid "" +":gh:`115543`: :ref:`launcher` can now detect Python 3.13 when installed from" +" the Microsoft Store, and will install Python 3.12 by default when " +":envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_ALLOW_INSTALL` is set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4372 +msgid ":gh:`116145`: Update macOS installer to Tcl/Tk 8.6.14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4377 +msgid "" +":gh:`88516`: On macOS show a proxy icon in the title bar of editor windows " +"to match platform behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4383 +msgid ":gh:`100176`: Remove outdated Tools/{io,cc,string}bench" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4385 +msgid "" +":issue:`45101`: Add consistency in usage message IO between 2 versions of " +"python-config." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4391 +msgid "" +":gh:`114626`: Add again ``_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`` name, removed in " +"Python 3.13 alpha 4 by mistake. Keep the old private " +"``_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`` name (Python 3.7) as an alias to the new " +"public name ``PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`` (Python 3.13a4). Patch by Victor" +" Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4397 +msgid "" +":gh:`111418`: Add :c:macro:`PyHASH_MODULUS`, :c:macro:`PyHASH_BITS`, " +":c:macro:`PyHASH_INF` and :c:macro:`PyHASH_IMAG` C macros. Patch by Sergey " +"B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4403 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4405 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-02-15*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4410 +msgid ":gh:`115399`: Update bundled libexpat to 2.6.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4412 +msgid "" +":gh:`115243`: Fix possible crashes in :meth:`collections.deque.index` when " +"the deque is concurrently modified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4418 +msgid "" +":gh:`112087`: For an empty reverse iterator for list will be reduced to " +":func:`reversed`. Patch by Donghee Na" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4421 +msgid "" +":gh:`114570`: Add :exc:`PythonFinalizationError` exception. This exception " +"derived from :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised when an operation is blocked " +"during the :term:`Python finalization `. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4426 +msgid "" +":gh:`114695`: Add :func:`sys._clear_internal_caches`, which clears all " +"internal performance-related caches (and deprecate the less-general " +":func:`sys._clear_type_cache` function)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4430 +msgid "" +":gh:`114828`: Fix compilation crashes in uncommon code examples using " +":func:`super` inside a comprehension in a class body." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4433 +msgid "" +":gh:`112069`: Adapt :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` methods to Argument " +"Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4436 +msgid "" +":gh:`115011`: Setters for members with an unsigned integer type now support " +"the same range of valid values for objects that has a " +":meth:`~object.__index__` method as for :class:`int`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4440 +msgid "" +":gh:`114887`: Changed socket type validation in " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` to accept all non-stream " +"sockets. This fixes a regression in compatibility with raw sockets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4444 +msgid "" +":gh:`114944`: Fixes a race between ``PyParkingLot_Park`` and " +"``_PyParkingLot_UnparkAll``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4447 +msgid "" +":gh:`113462`: Limit the number of versions that a single class can use. " +"Prevents a few wayward classes using up all the version numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4450 +msgid "" +":gh:`76763`: The :func:`chr` builtin function now always raises " +":exc:`ValueError` for values outside the valid range. Previously it raised " +":exc:`OverflowError` for very large or small values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4454 +msgid "" +":gh:`114806`: No longer specialize calls to classes, if those classes have " +"metaclasses. Fixes bug where the ``__call__`` method of the metaclass was " +"not being called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4458 +msgid "" +":gh:`107944`: Improve error message for function calls with bad keyword " +"arguments via getargs" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4461 +msgid "" +":gh:`112529`: The free-threaded build no longer allocates space for the " +"``PyGC_Head`` structure in objects that support cyclic garbage collection. A" +" number of other fields and data structures are used as replacements, " +"including ``ob_gc_bits``, ``ob_tid``, and mimalloc internal data structures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4467 +msgid ":gh:`114456`: Lower the recursion limit under a debug build of WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4469 +msgid "" +":gh:`114083`: Compiler applies folding of LOAD_CONST with following " +"instruction in a separate pass before other optimisations. This enables jump" +" threading in certain circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4473 +msgid "" +":gh:`114388`: Fix a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` emitted when assign an integer-" +"like value that is not an instance of :class:`int` to an attribute that " +"corresponds to a C struct member of :ref:`type ` T_UINT " +"and T_ULONG. Fix a double :exc:`RuntimeWarning` emitted when assign a " +"negative integer value to an attribute that corresponds to a C struct member" +" of type T_UINT." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4480 +msgid "" +":gh:`114265`: Compiler propagates line numbers before optimization, leading " +"to more optimization opportunities and removing the need for the " +"``guarantee_lineno_for_exits`` hack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4484 +msgid "" +":gh:`112529`: The free-threaded build now has its own thread-safe GC " +"implementation that uses mimalloc to find GC tracked objects. It is non-" +"generational, unlike the existing GC implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4488 +msgid "" +":gh:`114050`: Fix segmentation fault caused by an incorrect format string in" +" ``TypeError`` exception when more than two arguments are passed to ``int``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4492 +msgid "" +":gh:`112354`: The ``END_FOR`` instruction now pops only one value. This is " +"to better support side exits in loops." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4495 +msgid "" +":gh:`113884`: Make :class:`queue.SimpleQueue` thread safe when the GIL is " +"disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4498 +msgid "" +":gh:`114058`: Implement the foundations of the Tier 2 redundancy eliminator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4500 +msgid "" +":gh:`113939`: frame.clear(): Clear frame.f_locals as well, and not only the " +"fast locals. This is relevant once frame.f_locals was accessed, which would " +"contain also references to all the locals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4504 +msgid "" +":gh:`112050`: Convert :class:`collections.deque` to use Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4506 +msgid "" +":gh:`112050`: Make methods on :class:`collections.deque` thread-safe when " +"the GIL is disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4509 +msgid "" +":gh:`113464`: Add an option (``--enable-experimental-jit`` for " +"``configure``-based builds or ``--experimental-jit`` for ``PCbuild``-based " +"ones) to build an *experimental* just-in-time compiler, based on `copy-and-" +"patch `_" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4514 +msgid "" +":gh:`113055`: Make interp->obmalloc a pointer. For interpreters that share " +"state with the main interpreter, this points to the same static memory " +"structure. For interpreters with their own obmalloc state, it is heap " +"allocated. Add free_obmalloc_arenas() which will free the obmalloc arenas " +"and radix tree structures for interpreters with their own obmalloc state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4520 +msgid "" +":gh:`55664`: Add warning when creating :class:`type` using a namespace " +"dictionary with non-string keys. Patched by Daniel Urban and Furkan Onder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4523 +msgid ":gh:`104530`: Use native Win32 condition variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4528 +msgid "" +":gh:`115392`: Fix a bug in :mod:`doctest` where incorrect line numbers would" +" be reported for decorated functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4531 +msgid "" +":gh:`114563`: Fix several :func:`format` bugs when using the C " +"implementation of :class:`~decimal.Decimal`: * memory leak in some rare " +"cases when using the ``z`` format option (coerce negative 0) * incorrect " +"output when applying the ``z`` format option to type ``F`` (fixed-point with" +" capital ``NAN`` / ``INF``) * incorrect output when applying the ``#`` " +"format option (alternate form)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4538 +msgid "" +":gh:`102840`: Fix confused traceback when floordiv, mod, or divmod " +"operations happens between instances of :class:`fractions.Fraction` and " +":class:`complex`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4542 +msgid "" +":gh:`115165`: Most exceptions are now ignored when attempting to set the " +"``__orig_class__`` attribute on objects returned when calling :mod:`typing` " +"generic aliases (including generic aliases created using " +":data:`typing.Annotated`). Previously only :exc:`AttributeError` was " +"ignored. Patch by Dave Shawley." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4548 +msgid "" +":gh:`112903`: Fix \"issubclass() arg 1 must be a class\" errors in certain " +"cases of multiple inheritance with generic aliases (regression in early 3.13" +" alpha releases)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4552 +msgid "" +":gh:`115133`: Fix tests for :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLPullParser` " +"with Expat 2.6.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4555 +msgid "" +":gh:`115059`: :meth:`io.BufferedRandom.read1` now flushes the underlying " +"write buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4558 +msgid "" +":gh:`79382`: Trailing ``**`` no longer allows to match files and non-" +"existing paths in recursive :func:`~glob.glob`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4561 +msgid "" +":gh:`67837`: Avoid race conditions in the creation of directories during " +"concurrent extraction in :mod:`tarfile` and :mod:`zipfile`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4564 +msgid "" +":gh:`115060`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` by removing redundant regex" +" matching." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4567 +msgid "" +":gh:`97928`: Partially revert the behavior of :meth:`tkinter.Text.count`. By" +" default it preserves the behavior of older Python versions, except that " +"setting ``wantobjects`` to 0 no longer has effect. Add a new parameter " +"*return_ints*: specifying ``return_ints=True`` makes ``Text.count()`` always" +" returning the single count as an integer instead of a 1-tuple or ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4574 +msgid "" +":gh:`114628`: When csv.Error is raised when handling TypeError, do not print" +" the TypeError traceback." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4577 +msgid "" +":gh:`85984`: Added ``_POSIX_VDISABLE`` from C's ```` to " +":mod:`termios`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4580 +msgid ":gh:`114965`: Update bundled pip to 24.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4582 +msgid "" +":gh:`114959`: :mod:`tarfile` no longer ignores errors when trying to extract" +" a directory on top of a file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4585 +msgid ":gh:`114894`: Add :meth:`array.array.clear`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4587 +msgid "" +":gh:`114071`: Support tuple subclasses using auto() for enum member value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4589 +msgid "" +":gh:`109475`: Fix support of explicit option value \"--\" in :mod:`argparse`" +" (e.g. ``--option=--``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4592 +msgid "" +":gh:`49766`: Fix :class:`~datetime.date`-:class:`~datetime.datetime` " +"comparison. Now the special comparison methods like ``__eq__`` and " +"``__lt__`` return :data:`NotImplemented` if one of comparands is " +":class:`!date` and other is :class:`!datetime` instead of ignoring the time " +"part and the time zone or forcefully return \"not equal\" or raise " +":exc:`TypeError`. It makes comparison of :class:`!date` and " +":class:`!datetime` subclasses more symmetric and allows to change the " +"default behavior by overriding the special comparison methods in subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4602 +msgid "" +":gh:`110190`: Fix ctypes structs with array on Windows ARM64 platform by " +"setting ``MAX_STRUCT_SIZE`` to 32 in stgdict. Patch by Diego Russo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4605 +msgid "" +":gh:`114678`: Ensure that deprecation warning for 'N' specifier in " +":class:`~decimal.Decimal` format is not raised for cases where 'N' appears " +"in other places in the format specifier. Based on patch by Stefan Krah." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4609 +msgid "" +":gh:`70303`: Return both files and directories from " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` if a pattern ends with \"``**``\". Previously only" +" directories were returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4613 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Improve import time of :mod:`importlib.metadata` and " +":mod:`email.utils`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4616 +msgid "" +":gh:`113280`: Fix a leak of open socket in rare cases when error occurred in" +" :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` creation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4619 +msgid "" +":gh:`77749`: :meth:`email.policy.EmailPolicy.fold` now always encodes non-" +"ASCII characters in headers if :attr:`~email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8` is " +"false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4623 +msgid "" +":gh:`83383`: Synchronization of the :mod:`dbm.dumb` database is now no-op if" +" there was no modification since opening or last synchronization. The " +"directory file for a newly created empty :mod:`dbm.dumb` database is now " +"created immediately after opening instead of deferring this until " +"synchronizing or closing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4629 +msgid "" +":gh:`91602`: Add *filter* keyword-only parameter to " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.iterdump` for filtering database objects to dump. " +"Patch by Mariusz Felisiak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4633 +msgid "" +":gh:`112451`: Prohibit subclassing pure-Python :class:`datetime.timezone`. " +"This is consistent with C-extension implementation. Patch by Mariusz " +"Felisiak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4637 +msgid "" +":gh:`69893`: Add the :meth:`!close` method for the iterator returned by " +":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4640 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Reduce the import time of :mod:`threading` module by ~50%. " +"Patch by Daniel Hollas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4643 +msgid "" +":gh:`114492`: Make the result of :func:`termios.tcgetattr` reproducible on " +"Alpine Linux. Previously it could leave a random garbage in some fields." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4646 +msgid "" +":gh:`114315`: Make :class:`threading.Lock` a real class, not a factory " +"function. Add ``__new__`` to ``_thread.lock`` type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4649 +msgid "" +":gh:`100414`: Add :mod:`dbm.sqlite3` as a backend to :mod:`dbm`, and make it" +" the new default :mod:`!dbm` backend. Patch by Raymond Hettinger and Erlend " +"E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4653 +msgid "" +":gh:`113267`: Revert changes in :gh:`106584` which made calls of " +"``TestResult`` methods ``startTest()`` and ``stopTest()`` unbalanced." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4656 +msgid "" +":gh:`75128`: Ignore an :exc:`OSError` in " +":meth:`asyncio.BaseEventLoop.create_server` when IPv6 is available but the " +"interface cannot actually support it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4660 +msgid "" +":gh:`114423`: ``_DummyThread`` entries in ``threading._active`` are now " +"automatically removed when the related thread dies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4663 +msgid "" +":gh:`114257`: Dismiss the :exc:`FileNotFound` error in " +":func:`ctypes.util.find_library` and just return ``None`` on Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4666 +msgid "" +":gh:`114321`: Expose more platform specific constants in the :mod:`fcntl` " +"module on Linux, macOS, FreeBSD and NetBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4669 +msgid "" +":gh:`114328`: The :func:`tty.setcbreak` and new :func:`tty.cfmakecbreak` no " +"longer clears the terminal input ICRLF flag. This fixes a regression " +"introduced in 3.12 that no longer matched how OSes define cbreak mode in " +"their ``stty(1)`` manual pages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4674 +msgid "" +":gh:`114281`: Remove type hints from ``Lib/asyncio/staggered.py``. The " +"annotations in the `typeshed `__ project" +" should be used instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4678 +msgid "" +":gh:`101438`: Avoid reference cycle in ElementTree.iterparse. The iterator " +"returned by ``ElementTree.iterparse`` may hold on to a file descriptor. The " +"reference cycle prevented prompt clean-up of the file descriptor if the " +"returned iterator was not exhausted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4683 +msgid "" +":gh:`114198`: The signature for the ``__replace__`` method on " +":mod:`dataclasses` now has the first argument named ``self``, rather than " +"``obj``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4687 +msgid "" +":gh:`104522`: :exc:`OSError` raised when run a subprocess now only has " +"*filename* attribute set to *cwd* if the error was caused by a failed " +"attempt to change the current directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4691 +msgid "" +":gh:`114149`: Enum: correctly handle tuple subclasses in custom ``__new__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4693 +msgid "" +":gh:`83648`: Support deprecation of options, positional arguments and " +"subcommands in :mod:`argparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4696 +msgid ":gh:`114087`: Speed up ``dataclasses.asdict`` up to 1.35x." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4698 +msgid "" +":gh:`109534`: Fix a reference leak in " +":class:`asyncio.selector_events.BaseSelectorEventLoop` when SSL handshakes " +"fail. Patch contributed by Jamie Phan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4702 +msgid "" +":gh:`79634`: Accept :term:`path-like objects ` as patterns" +" in :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4705 +msgid "" +":gh:`112202`: Ensure that a :func:`asyncio.Condition.notify` call does not " +"get lost if the awakened ``Task`` is simultaneously cancelled or encounters " +"any other error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4709 +msgid "" +":gh:`113951`: Fix the behavior of ``tag_unbind()`` methods of " +":class:`tkinter.Text` and :class:`tkinter.Canvas` classes with three " +"arguments. Previously, ``widget.tag_unbind(tag, sequence, funcid)`` " +"destroyed the current binding for *sequence*, leaving *sequence* unbound, " +"and deleted the *funcid* command. Now it removes only *funcid* from the " +"binding for *sequence*, keeping other commands, and deletes the *funcid* " +"command. It leaves *sequence* unbound only if *funcid* was the last bound " +"command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4718 +msgid "" +":gh:`97959`: Fix rendering class methods, bound methods, method and function" +" aliases in :mod:`pydoc`. Class methods no longer have \"method of " +"builtins.type instance\" note. Corresponding notes are now added for class " +"and unbound methods. Method and function aliases now have references to the " +"module or the class where the origin was defined if it differs from the " +"current. Bound methods are now listed in the static methods section. Methods" +" of builtin classes are now supported as well as methods of Python classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4727 +msgid "" +":gh:`113796`: Add more validation checks in the :class:`csv.Dialect` " +"constructor. :exc:`ValueError` is now raised if the same character is used " +"in different roles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4731 +msgid "" +":gh:`113732`: Fix support of :data:`~csv.QUOTE_NOTNULL` and " +":data:`~csv.QUOTE_STRINGS` in :func:`csv.reader`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4734 +msgid "" +":gh:`113225`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.walk` by using " +":attr:`os.DirEntry.path` where possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4737 +msgid "" +":gh:`89039`: When replace() method is called on a subclass of datetime, date" +" or time, properly call derived constructor. Previously, only the base " +"class's constructor was called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4741 +msgid "" +"Also, make sure to pass non-zero fold values when creating subclasses in " +"various methods. Previously, fold was silently ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4744 +msgid "" +":gh:`112919`: Speed-up :func:`datetime.datetime.replace`, " +":func:`datetime.date.replace` and :func:`datetime.time.replace`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4747 +msgid "" +":gh:`59013`: Set breakpoint on the first executable line of the function, " +"instead of the line of function definition when the user do ``break func`` " +"using :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4751 +msgid "" +":gh:`112343`: Improve handling of pdb convenience variables to avoid " +"replacing string contents." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4754 +msgid "" +":gh:`112240`: Add option to calendar module CLI to specify the weekday to " +"start each week. Patch by Steven Ward." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4757 +msgid "" +":gh:`111741`: Recognise ``image/webp`` as a standard format in the " +":mod:`mimetypes` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4760 +msgid "" +":gh:`43457`: Fix the :mod:`tkinter` widget method :meth:`!wm_attributes`. It" +" now accepts the attribute name without the minus prefix to get window " +"attributes and allows to specify attributes and values to set as keyword " +"arguments. Add new optional keyword argument *return_python_dict*: calling " +"``w.wm_attributes(return_python_dict=True)`` returns the attributes as a " +"dict instead of a tuple. Calling ``w.wm_attributes()`` now returns a tuple " +"instead of string if *wantobjects* was set to 0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4768 +msgid "" +":gh:`82626`: Many functions now emit a warning if a boolean value is passed " +"as a file descriptor argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4771 +msgid "" +":gh:`111051`: Added check for file modification during debugging with " +":mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4774 +msgid "" +":gh:`110345`: Show the Tcl/Tk patchlevel (rather than version) in " +":meth:`tkinter._test`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4777 +msgid "" +":gh:`38807`: Fix race condition in :mod:`trace`. Instead of checking if a " +"directory exists and creating it, directly call :func:`os.makedirs` with the" +" kwarg ``exist_ok=True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4781 +msgid "" +":gh:`75705`: Set unixfrom envelope in :class:`mailbox.mbox` and " +":class:`mailbox.MMDF`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4784 +msgid "" +":gh:`106233`: Fix stacklevel in ``InvalidTZPathWarning`` during " +":mod:`zoneinfo` module import." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4787 +msgid "" +":gh:`105102`: Allow :class:`ctypes.Union` to be nested in " +":class:`ctypes.Structure` when the system endianness is the opposite of the " +"classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4791 +msgid "" +":gh:`104282`: Fix null pointer dereference in " +":func:`lzma._decode_filter_properties` due to improper handling of BCJ " +"filters with properties of zero length. Patch by Radislav Chugunov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4795 +msgid "" +":gh:`96471`: Add :py:class:`queue.Queue` termination with " +":py:meth:`~queue.Queue.shutdown`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4798 +msgid "" +":gh:`101599`: Changed argparse flag options formatting to remove redundancy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4800 +msgid "" +":gh:`85984`: Add POSIX pseudo-terminal functions :func:`os.posix_openpt`, " +":func:`os.grantpt`, :func:`os.unlockpt`, and :func:`os.ptsname`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4803 +msgid "" +":gh:`102512`: When :func:`os.fork` is called from a foreign thread (aka " +"``_DummyThread``), the type of the thread in a child process is changed to " +"``_MainThread``. Also changed its name and daemonic status, it can be now " +"joined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4808 +msgid "" +":gh:`88569`: Add :func:`os.path.isreserved`, which identifies reserved " +"pathnames such as \"NUL\", \"AUX\" and \"CON\". This function is only " +"available on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4812 +msgid "Deprecate :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4814 +msgid "" +":issue:`38364`: The ``inspect`` functions ``isgeneratorfunction``, " +"``iscoroutinefunction``, ``isasyncgenfunction`` now support " +"``functools.partialmethod`` wrapped functions the same way they support " +"``functools.partial``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4822 +msgid "" +":gh:`115233`: Fix an example for :class:`~logging.LoggerAdapter` in the " +"Logging Cookbook." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4825 +msgid "" +":gh:`114123`: Move the :mod:`csv` module docstring to the :mod:`!csv` module" +" instead of reexporting it from the internal :mod:`!_csv` module, and remove" +" ``__doc__`` from ``csv.__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4829 +msgid "" +"Move :attr:`!csv.__version__` to the :mod:`!csv` module instead of " +"reexporting it from the internal :mod:`!_csv` module, and remove " +"``__version__`` from ``csv.__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4836 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: Added test exclusions required to run the test suite on iOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4838 +msgid "" +":gh:`105089`: Fix " +"``test.test_zipfile.test_core.TestWithDirectory.test_create_directory_with_write``" +" test in AIX by doing a bitwise AND of 0xFFFF on mode , so that it will be " +"in sync with ``zinfo.external_attr``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4846 +msgid "" +":gh:`115167`: Avoid vendoring ``vcruntime140_threads.dll`` when building " +"with Visual Studio 2022 version 17.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4849 +msgid "" +":gh:`113632`: Promote WASI to a tier 2 platform and drop Emscripten from " +"tier 3 in configure.ac." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4852 +msgid "" +":gh:`114099`: configure and Makefile were refactored to accommodate " +"framework builds on Apple platforms other than macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4855 +msgid "" +":gh:`114875`: Add :c:func:`!getgrent` as a prerequisite for building the " +":mod:`grp` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4861 +msgid "" +":gh:`115049`: Fixes ``py.exe`` launcher failing when run as users without " +"user profiles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4864 +msgid ":gh:`115009`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.45.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4866 +msgid ":gh:`109991`: Update Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4868 +msgid ":gh:`111239`: Update Windows builds to use zlib v1.3.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4870 +msgid "" +":gh:`100107`: The ``py.exe`` launcher will no longer attempt to run the " +"Microsoft Store redirector when launching a script containing a " +"``/usr/bin/env`` shebang" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4874 +msgid "" +":gh:`112984`: Adds free-threaded binaries to Windows installer as an " +"optional component." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4877 +msgid "" +":gh:`89240`: Allows :mod:`multiprocessing` to create pools of greater than " +"62 processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4883 +msgid ":gh:`115009`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.45.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4885 +msgid ":gh:`109991`: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4887 +msgid "" +":gh:`114490`: Add Mach-O linkage support for :func:`platform.architecture`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4889 +msgid "" +":gh:`87804`: On macOS the result of ``os.statvfs`` and ``os.fstatvfs`` now " +"correctly report the size of very large disks, in previous versions the " +"reported number of blocks was wrong for disks with at least 2**32 blocks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4896 +msgid "" +":gh:`96905`: In idlelib code, stop redefining built-ins 'dict' and 'object'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4898 +msgid "" +":gh:`103820`: Revise IDLE bindings so that events from mouse button 4/5 on " +"non-X11 windowing systems (i.e. Win32 and Aqua) are not mistaken for " +"scrolling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4905 +msgid ":gh:`113516`: Don't set ``LDSHARED`` when building for WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4907 +msgid "" +":gh:`109991`: Update GitHub CI workflows to use OpenSSL 3.0.13 and " +"multissltests to use 1.1.1w, 3.0.13, 3.1.5, and 3.2.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4910 +msgid "" +":gh:`115015`: Fix a bug in Argument Clinic that generated incorrect code for" +" methods with no parameters that use the :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL |" +" METH_KEYWORDS ` calling " +"convention. Only the positional parameter count was checked; any keyword " +"argument passed would be silently accepted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4919 +msgid "" +":gh:`111140`: Adds :c:func:`PyLong_AsNativeBytes`, " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromNativeBytes` and " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedNativeBytes` functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4923 +msgid "" +":gh:`114685`: :c:func:`PyBuffer_FillInfo` now raises a :exc:`SystemError` if" +" called with :c:macro:`PyBUF_READ` or :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITE` as flags. These" +" flags should only be used with the ``PyMemoryView_*`` C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4927 +msgid "" +":gh:`114685`: :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer` now raises a :exc:`SystemError` " +"if called with :c:macro:`PyBUF_READ` or :c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITE` as flags. " +"These flags should only be used with the ``PyMemoryView_*`` C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4931 +msgid "" +":gh:`114626`: Add ``PyCFunctionFast`` and ``PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`` " +"typedefs (identical to the existing ``_PyCFunctionFast`` and " +"``_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`` typedefs, just without a leading ``_`` " +"prefix)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4936 +msgid "" +":gh:`114329`: Add :c:func:`PyList_GetItemRef`, which is similar to " +":c:func:`PyList_GetItem` but returns a :term:`strong reference` instead of a" +" :term:`borrowed reference`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4940 +msgid ":gh:`110850`: Add PyTime C API:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4942 +msgid ":c:type:`PyTime_t` type." +msgstr ":c:type:`PyTime_t` 类型。" + +#: ../NEWS:4943 +msgid ":c:var:`PyTime_MIN` and :c:var:`PyTime_MAX` constants." +msgstr ":c:var:`PyTime_MIN` 和 :c:var:`PyTime_MAX` 常量。" + +#: ../NEWS:4944 +msgid "" +":c:func:`PyTime_AsSecondsDouble`, :c:func:`PyTime_Monotonic`, " +":c:func:`PyTime_PerfCounter`, and :c:func:`PyTime_Time` functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4950 +msgid "" +":gh:`112066`: Add :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefaultRef`: insert a key and value " +"into a dictionary if the key is not already present. This is similar to " +":meth:`dict.setdefault`, but returns an integer value indicating if the key " +"was already present. It is also similar to :c:func:`PyDict_SetDefault`, but " +"returns a strong reference instead of a borrowed reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4959 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4961 +msgid "*Release date: 2024-01-17*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4966 +msgid "" +":gh:`113659`: Skip ``.pth`` files with names starting with a dot or hidden " +"file attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4969 +msgid "" +":gh:`112302`: Created a Software Bill-of-Materials document and tooling for " +"tracking dependencies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4975 +msgid "" +":gh:`107901`: Compiler duplicates basic blocks that have an eval breaker " +"check, no line number, and multiple predecessors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4978 +msgid "" +":gh:`107901`: A jump leaving an exception handler back to normal code no " +"longer checks the eval breaker." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4981 +msgid "" +":gh:`113655`: Set the C recursion limit to 4000 on Windows, and 10000 on " +"Linux/OSX. This seems to be near the sweet spot to maintain safety, but not " +"compromise backwards compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4985 +msgid "" +":gh:`113710`: Add typed stack effects to the interpreter DSL, along with " +"various instruction annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4988 +msgid "" +":gh:`77046`: On Windows, file descriptors wrapping Windows handles are now " +"created non inheritable by default (:pep:`446`). Patch by Zackery Spytz and " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4992 +msgid "" +":gh:`113853`: Guarantee that all executors make progress. This then " +"guarantees that tier 2 execution always makes progress." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4995 +msgid "" +":gh:`113753`: Fix an issue where the finalizer of ``PyAsyncGenASend`` " +"objects might not be called if they were allocated from a free list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:4998 +msgid "" +":gh:`107901`: Compiler changed so that synthetic jumps which are not at loop" +" end no longer check the eval breaker." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5001 +msgid "" +":gh:`113703`: Fix a regression in the :mod:`codeop` module that was causing " +"it to incorrectly identify incomplete f-strings. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5004 +msgid "" +":gh:`89811`: Check for a valid ``tp_version_tag`` before performing bytecode" +" specializations that rely on this value being usable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5007 +msgid "" +":gh:`111488`: Changed error message in case of no 'in' keyword after 'for' " +"in list comprehensions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5010 +msgid "" +":gh:`113657`: Fix an issue that caused important instruction pointer updates" +" to be optimized out of tier two traces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5013 +msgid "" +":gh:`113603`: Fixed bug where a redundant NOP is not removed, causing an " +"assertion to fail in the compiler in debug mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5016 +msgid "" +":gh:`113602`: Fix an error that was causing the parser to try to overwrite " +"existing errors and crashing in the process. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5019 +msgid "" +":gh:`113486`: No longer issue spurious ``PY_UNWIND`` events for optimized " +"calls to classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5022 +msgid "" +":gh:`113297`: Fix segfault in the compiler on with statement with 19 context" +" managers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5025 +msgid ":gh:`113212`: Improve :py:class:`super` error messages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5027 +msgid "" +":gh:`111375`: Only use ``NULL`` in the exception stack to indicate an " +"exception was handled. Patch by Carey Metcalfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5030 +msgid "" +":gh:`112215`: Increase the C recursion limit by a factor of 3 for non-debug " +"builds, except for webassembly and s390 platforms which are unchanged. This " +"mitigates some regressions in 3.12 with deep recursion mixing builtin (C) " +"and Python code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5035 +msgid "" +":gh:`113054`: Fixed bug where a redundant NOP is not removed, causing an " +"assertion to fail in the compiler in debug mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5038 +msgid "" +":gh:`106905`: Use per AST-parser state rather than global state to track " +"recursion depth within the AST parser to prevent potential race condition " +"due to simultaneous parsing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5042 +msgid "" +"The issue primarily showed up in 3.11 by multithreaded users of " +":func:`ast.parse`. In 3.12 a change to when garbage collection can be " +"triggered prevented the race condition from occurring." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5046 +msgid "" +":gh:`108866`: Change the API and contract of ``_PyExecutorObject`` to return" +" the next_instr pointer, instead of the frame, and to always execute at " +"least one instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5050 +msgid ":gh:`90350`: Optimize builtin functions :func:`min` and :func:`max`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5052 +msgid "" +":gh:`112943`: Correctly compute end column offsets for multiline tokens in " +"the :mod:`tokenize` module. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5055 +msgid "" +":gh:`112125`: Fix ``None.__ne__(None)`` returning ``NotImplemented`` instead" +" of ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5058 +msgid "" +":gh:`74616`: :func:`input` now raises a ValueError when output on the " +"terminal if the prompt contains embedded null characters instead of silently" +" truncating it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5062 +msgid "" +":gh:`112716`: Fix SystemError in the ``import`` statement and in " +"``__reduce__()`` methods of builtin types when ``__builtins__`` is not a " +"dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5066 +msgid "" +":gh:`112730`: Use color to highlight error locations in tracebacks. Patch by" +" Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5069 +msgid "" +":gh:`112625`: Fixes a bug where a bytearray object could be cleared while " +"iterating over an argument in the ``bytearray.join()`` method that could " +"result in reading memory after it was freed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5073 +msgid "" +":gh:`112660`: Do not clear unexpected errors during formatting error " +"messages for ImportError and AttributeError for modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5076 +msgid "" +":gh:`105967`: Workaround a bug in Apple's macOS platform zlib library where " +":func:`zlib.crc32` and :func:`binascii.crc32` could produce incorrect " +"results on multi-gigabyte inputs. Including when using :mod:`zipfile` on " +"zips containing large data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5081 +msgid "" +":gh:`95754`: Provide a better error message when accessing invalid " +"attributes on partially initialized modules. The origin of the module being " +"accessed is now included in the message to help with the common issue of " +"shadowing other modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5086 +msgid "" +":gh:`112217`: Add check for the type of ``__cause__`` returned from calling " +"the type ``T`` in ``raise from T``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5089 +msgid "" +":gh:`111058`: Change coro.cr_frame/gen.gi_frame to return ``None`` after the" +" coroutine/generator has been closed. This fixes a bug where " +":func:`~inspect.getcoroutinestate` and :func:`~inspect.getgeneratorstate` " +"return the wrong state for a closed coroutine/generator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5094 +msgid "" +":gh:`112388`: Fix an error that was causing the parser to try to overwrite " +"tokenizer errors. Patch by pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5097 +msgid "" +":gh:`112387`: Fix error positions for decoded strings with backwards " +"tokenize errors. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5100 +msgid "" +":gh:`99606`: Make code generated for an empty f-string identical to the code" +" of an empty normal string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5103 +msgid "" +":gh:`112367`: Avoid undefined behaviour when using the perf trampolines by " +"not freeing the code arenas until shutdown. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5106 +msgid "" +":gh:`112320`: The Tier 2 translator now tracks the confidence level for " +"staying \"on trace\" (i.e. not exiting back to the Tier 1 interpreter) for " +"branch instructions based on the number of bits set in the branch " +"\"counter\". Trace translation ends when the confidence drops below 1/3rd." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5111 +msgid "" +":gh:`109598`: " +":c:func:`PyComplex_RealAsDouble`/:c:func:`PyComplex_ImagAsDouble` now tries " +"to convert an object to a :class:`complex` instance using its " +"``__complex__()`` method before falling back to the ``__float__()`` method. " +"Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5117 +msgid "" +":gh:`94606`: Fix UnicodeEncodeError when :func:`email.message.get_payload` " +"reads a message with a Unicode surrogate character and the message content " +"is not well-formed for surrogateescape encoding. Patch by Sidney Markowitz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5122 +msgid "" +":issue:`21861`: Use the object's actual class name in " +":meth:`!_io.FileIO.__repr__`, :meth:`!_io._WindowsConsoleIO` and " +":meth:`!_io.TextIOWrapper.__repr__`, to make these methods subclass " +"friendly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5127 +msgid ":issue:`45369`: Remove LibreSSL workarounds as per :pep:`644`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5129 +msgid ":issue:`34392`: Added :func:`sys._is_interned`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5134 +msgid "" +":gh:`114077`: Fix possible :exc:`OverflowError` in " +":meth:`socket.socket.sendfile` when pass *count* larger than 2 GiB on 32-bit" +" platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5138 +msgid "" +":gh:`111803`: :mod:`plistlib` now supports loading more deeply nested lists " +"in binary format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5141 +msgid "" +":gh:`114014`: Fixed a bug in :class:`fractions.Fraction` where an invalid " +"string using ``d`` in the decimals part creates a different error compared " +"to other invalid letters/characters. Patch by Jeremiah Gabriel Pascual." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5145 +msgid "" +":gh:`108364`: :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.iterdump` now ensures that foreign " +"key support is disabled before dumping the database schema, if there is any " +"foreign key violation. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland and Mariusz Felisiak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5150 +msgid "" +":gh:`113971`: The :class:`zipfile.ZipInfo` previously protected " +"``._compresslevel`` attribute has been made public as ``.compress_level`` " +"with the old ``_compresslevel`` name remaining available as a property to " +"retain compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5155 +msgid "" +":gh:`113877`: Fix :mod:`tkinter` method ``winfo_pathname()`` on 64-bit " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5158 +msgid "" +":gh:`113868`: Added :data:`mmap.MAP_NORESERVE`, :data:`mmap.MAP_NOEXTEND`, " +":data:`mmap.MAP_HASSEMAPHORE`, :data:`mmap.MAP_NOCACHE`, " +":data:`mmap.MAP_JIT`, :data:`mmap.MAP_RESILIENT_CODESIGN`, " +":data:`mmap.MAP_RESILIENT_MEDIA`, :data:`mmap.MAP_32BIT`, " +":data:`mmap.MAP_TRANSLATED_ALLOW_EXECUTE`, :data:`mmap.MAP_UNIX03` and " +":data:`mmap.MAP_TPRO`. All of them are ``mmap(2)`` flags on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5165 +msgid "" +":gh:`113848`: :func:`asyncio.TaskGroup` and :func:`asyncio.timeout` context " +"managers now handle :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` subclasses as well as " +"exact :exc:`!CancelledError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5169 +msgid "" +":gh:`113661`: unittest runner: Don't exit 5 if tests were skipped. The " +"intention of exiting 5 was to detect issues where the test suite wasn't " +"discovered at all. If we skipped tests, it was correctly discovered." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5173 +msgid "" +":gh:`96037`: Insert :exc:`TimeoutError` in the context of the exception that" +" was raised during exiting an expired :func:`asyncio.timeout` block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5176 +msgid "" +":gh:`113781`: Silence unraisable AttributeError when warnings are emitted " +"during Python finalization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5179 +msgid "" +":gh:`113238`: Add ``Anchor`` to ``importlib.resources`` (in order for the " +"code to comply with the documentation)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5182 +msgid "" +":gh:`111693`: :func:`asyncio.Condition.wait` now re-raises the same " +":exc:`CancelledError` instance that may have caused it to be interrupted. " +"Fixed race condition in :func:`asyncio.Semaphore.acquire` when interrupted " +"with a :exc:`CancelledError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5187 +msgid "" +":gh:`113791`: Add ``CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW_APPROX`` and " +"``CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW_APPROX`` to :mod:`time` on macOS. These are clocks " +"available on macOS 10.12 or later." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5191 +msgid "" +":gh:`112932`: Restore the ability for :mod:`zipfile` to ``extractall`` from " +"zip files with a \"/\" directory entry in them as is commonly added to zips " +"by some wiki or bug tracker data exporters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5195 +msgid "" +":gh:`113568`: Raise deprecation warnings from :class:`pathlib.PurePath` and " +"not its private base class ``PurePathBase``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5198 +msgid "" +":gh:`113594`: Fix :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` in :mod:`email` when re-fold " +"lines that contain unknown-8bit encoded part followed by non-unknown-8bit " +"encoded part." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5202 +msgid "" +":gh:`113538`: In :meth:`asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol.connection_made`, there" +" is callback that logs an error if the task wrapping the \"connected " +"callback\" fails. This callback would itself fail if the task was cancelled." +" Prevent this by checking whether the task was cancelled first. If so, close" +" the transport but don't log an error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5208 +msgid "" +":gh:`113626`: Add support for the *allow_code* argument in the " +":mod:`marshal` module. Passing ``allow_code=False`` prevents serialization " +"and de-serialization of code objects which is incompatible between Python " +"versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5213 +msgid "" +":gh:`85567`: Fix resource warnings for unclosed files in :mod:`pickle` and " +":mod:`pickletools` command line interfaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5216 +msgid ":gh:`113537`: Support loads ``str`` in :func:`plistlib.loads`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5218 +msgid "" +":gh:`89850`: Add default implementations of " +":meth:`pickle.Pickler.persistent_id` and " +":meth:`pickle.Unpickler.persistent_load` methods in the C implementation. " +"Calling ``super().persistent_id()`` and ``super().persistent_load()`` in " +"subclasses of the C implementation of :class:`pickle.Pickler` and " +":class:`pickle.Unpickler` classes no longer causes infinite recursion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5225 +msgid "" +":gh:`113569`: Indicate if there were no actual calls in unittest " +":meth:`~unittest.mock.Mock.assert_has_calls` failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5228 +msgid "" +":gh:`101225`: Increase the backlog for " +":class:`multiprocessing.connection.Listener` objects created by " +":mod:`multiprocessing.manager` and :mod:`multiprocessing.resource_sharer` to" +" significantly reduce the risk of getting a connection refused error when " +"creating a :class:`multiprocessing.connection.Connection` to them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5234 +msgid "" +":gh:`113568`: Raise audit events from :class:`pathlib.Path` and not its " +"private base class ``PathBase``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5237 +msgid "" +":gh:`113543`: Make sure that ``webbrowser.MacOSXOSAScript`` sends " +"``webbrowser.open`` audit event." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5240 +msgid "" +":gh:`113028`: When a second reference to a string appears in the input to " +":mod:`pickle`, and the Python implementation is in use, we are guaranteed " +"that a single copy gets pickled and a single object is shared when reloaded." +" Previously, in protocol 0, when a string contained certain characters (e.g." +" newline) it resulted in duplicate objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5246 +msgid ":gh:`113421`: Fix multiprocessing logger for ``%(filename)s``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5248 +msgid "" +":gh:`111784`: Fix segfaults in the ``_elementtree`` module. Fix first " +"segfault during deallocation of ``_elementtree.XMLParser`` instances by " +"keeping strong reference to ``pyexpat`` module in module state for capsule " +"lifetime. Fix second segfault which happens in the same deallocation process" +" by keeping strong reference to ``_elementtree`` module in ``XMLParser`` " +"structure for ``_elementtree`` module lifetime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5255 +msgid "" +":gh:`113407`: Fix import of :mod:`unittest.mock` when CPython is built " +"without docstrings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5258 +msgid "" +":gh:`113320`: Fix regression in Python 3.12 where :class:`~typing.Protocol` " +"classes that were not marked as :func:`runtime-checkable " +"` would be unnecessarily introspected, potentially" +" causing exceptions to be raised if the protocol had problematic members. " +"Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5264 +msgid "" +":gh:`53502`: Add a new option ``aware_datetime`` in :mod:`plistlib` to loads" +" or dumps aware datetime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5267 +msgid "" +":gh:`113358`: Fix rendering tracebacks with exceptions with a broken " +"__getattr__" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5270 +msgid "" +":gh:`113214`: Fix an ``AttributeError`` during asyncio SSL protocol aborts " +"in SSL-over-SSL scenarios." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5273 +msgid ":gh:`113246`: Update bundled pip to 23.3.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5275 +msgid ":gh:`87264`: Fixed tarfile list() method to show file type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5277 +msgid "" +":gh:`112182`: :meth:`asyncio.futures.Future.set_exception` now transforms " +":exc:`StopIteration` into :exc:`RuntimeError` instead of hanging or other " +"misbehavior. Patch contributed by Jamie Phan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5281 +msgid "" +":gh:`113225`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` by using " +":attr:`os.DirEntry.path` where possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5284 +msgid "" +":gh:`113149`: Improve error message when a JSON array or object contains a " +"trailing comma. Patch by Carson Radtke." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5287 +msgid "" +":gh:`113117`: The :mod:`subprocess` module can now use the " +":func:`os.posix_spawn` function with ``close_fds=True`` on platforms where " +"``posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np`` is available. Patch by Jakub " +"Kulik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5292 +msgid "" +":gh:`113199`: Make ``http.client.HTTPResponse.read1`` and " +"``http.client.HTTPResponse.readline`` close IO after reading all data when " +"content length is known. Patch by Illia Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5296 +msgid "" +":gh:`113191`: Add support of :func:`os.fchmod` and a file descriptor in " +":func:`os.chmod` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5299 +msgid "" +":gh:`113188`: Fix :func:`shutil.copymode` and :func:`shutil.copystat` on " +"Windows. Previously they worked differently if *dst* is a symbolic link: " +"they modified the permission bits of *dst* itself rather than the file it " +"points to if *follow_symlinks* is true or *src* is not a symbolic link, and " +"did not modify the permission bits if *follow_symlinks* is false and *src* " +"is a symbolic link." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5306 +msgid "" +":gh:`113119`: :func:`os.posix_spawn` now accepts ``env=None``, which makes " +"the newly spawned process use the current process environment. Patch by " +"Jakub Kulik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5310 +msgid "" +":gh:`113202`: Add a ``strict`` option to ``batched()`` in the ``itertools`` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5313 +msgid ":gh:`61648`: Detect line numbers of properties in doctests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5315 +msgid "" +":gh:`113175`: Sync with importlib_metadata 7.0, including improved type " +"annotations, fixed issue with symlinked packages in " +"``package_distributions``, added ``EntryPoints.__repr__``, introduced the " +"``diagnose`` script, added ``Distribution.origin`` property, and removed " +"deprecated ``EntryPoint`` access by numeric index (tuple behavior)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5321 +msgid "" +":gh:`59616`: Add support of :func:`os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* " +"argument in :func:`os.chmod` on Windows. Note that the default value of " +"*follow_symlinks* in :func:`!os.lchmod` is ``False`` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5325 +msgid "" +":gh:`112559`: :func:`signal.signal` and :func:`signal.getsignal` no longer " +"call ``repr`` on callable handlers. :func:`asyncio.run` and " +":meth:`asyncio.Runner.run` no longer call ``repr`` on the task results. " +"Patch by Yilei Yang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5330 +msgid "" +":gh:`112962`: :mod:`dis` module functions add cache information to the " +":class:`~dis.Instruction` instance rather than creating fake " +":class:`~dis.Instruction` instances to represent the cache entries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5334 +msgid "" +":gh:`112989`: Reduce overhead to connect sockets with :mod:`asyncio` " +"SelectorEventLoop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5337 +msgid "" +":gh:`112970`: Use :c:func:`!closefrom` on Linux where available (e.g. " +"glibc-2.34), rather than only FreeBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5340 +msgid "" +":gh:`110190`: Fix ctypes structs with array on PPC64LE platform by setting " +"``MAX_STRUCT_SIZE`` to 64 in stgdict. Patch by Diego Russo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5343 +msgid "" +":gh:`112540`: The statistics.geometric_mean() function now returns zero for " +"datasets containing a zero. Formerly, it would raise an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5346 +msgid "" +":gh:`87286`: Added :const:`LOG_FTP`, :const:`LOG_NETINFO`, " +":const:`LOG_REMOTEAUTH`, :const:`LOG_INSTALL`, :const:`LOG_RAS`, and " +":const:`LOG_LAUNCHD` tot the :mod:`syslog` module, all of them constants on " +"used on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5351 +msgid "" +":gh:`112800`: Fix :mod:`asyncio` ``SubprocessTransport.close()`` not to " +"throw ``PermissionError`` when used with setuid executables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5354 +msgid "" +":gh:`51944`: Add the following constants to the :mod:`termios` module. These" +" values are present in macOS system headers: ``ALTWERASE``, ``B14400``, " +"``B28800``, ``B7200``, ``B76800``, ``CCAR_OFLOW``, ``CCTS_OFLOW``, " +"``CDSR_OFLOW``, ``CDTR_IFLOW``, ``CIGNORE``, ``CRTS_IFLOW``, ``EXTPROC``, " +"``IUTF8``, ``MDMBUF``, ``NL2``, ``NL3``, ``NOKERNINFO``, ``ONOEOT``, " +"``OXTABS``, ``VDSUSP``, ``VSTATUS``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5361 +msgid "" +":gh:`79325`: Fix an infinite recursion error in " +":func:`tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` cleanup on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5364 +msgid "" +":gh:`94692`: :func:`shutil.rmtree` now only catches OSError exceptions. " +"Previously a symlink attack resistant version of ``shutil.rmtree()`` could " +"ignore or pass to the error handler arbitrary exception when invalid " +"arguments were provided." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5369 +msgid "" +":gh:`112736`: The use of del-safe symbols in ``subprocess`` was refactored " +"to allow for use in cross-platform build environments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5372 +msgid "" +":gh:`112727`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.Path.absolute`. Patch by Barney Gale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5374 +msgid "" +":gh:`74690`: Speedup :func:`issubclass` checks against simple " +":func:`runtime-checkable protocols ` by around 6%." +" Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5378 +msgid "" +":gh:`74690`: Speedup :func:`isinstance` checks by roughly 20% for " +":func:`runtime-checkable protocols ` that only " +"have one callable member. Speedup :func:`issubclass` checks for these " +"protocols by roughly 10%. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5383 +msgid "" +":gh:`112645`: Remove deprecation error on passing ``onerror`` to " +":func:`shutil.rmtree`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5386 +msgid "" +":gh:`112640`: Add ``kwdefaults`` parameter to :data:`types.FunctionType` to " +"set default keyword argument values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5389 +msgid "" +":gh:`112622`: Ensure ``name`` parameter is passed to event loop in " +":func:`asyncio.create_task`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5392 +msgid "" +":gh:`112618`: Fix a caching bug relating to :data:`typing.Annotated`. " +"``Annotated[str, True]`` is no longer identical to ``Annotated[str, 1]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5395 +msgid "" +":gh:`112334`: Fixed a performance regression in 3.12's :mod:`subprocess` on " +"Linux where it would no longer use the fast-path ``vfork()`` system call " +"when it could have due to a logic bug, instead falling back to the safe but " +"slower ``fork()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5400 +msgid "" +"Also fixed a second 3.12.0 potential security bug. If a value of " +"``extra_groups=[]`` was passed to :mod:`subprocess.Popen` or related APIs, " +"the underlying ``setgroups(0, NULL)`` system call to clear the groups list " +"would not be made in the child process prior to ``exec()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5405 +msgid "" +"This was identified via code inspection in the process of fixing the first " +"bug." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5408 +msgid "" +":gh:`110190`: Fix ctypes structs with array on Arm platform by setting " +"``MAX_STRUCT_SIZE`` to 32 in stgdict. Patch by Diego Russo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5411 +msgid "" +":gh:`81194`: Fix a crash in :func:`socket.if_indextoname` with specific " +"value (UINT_MAX). Fix an integer overflow in :func:`socket.if_indextoname` " +"on 64-bit non-Windows platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5415 +msgid "" +":gh:`112578`: Fix a spurious :exc:`RuntimeWarning` when executing the " +":mod:`zipfile` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5418 +msgid ":gh:`112516`: Update the bundled copy of pip to version 23.3.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5420 +msgid "" +":gh:`112510`: Add :data:`readline.backend` for the backend readline uses " +"(``editline`` or ``readline``)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5423 +msgid "" +":gh:`112328`: [Enum] Make ``EnumDict``, ``EnumDict.member_names``, " +"``EnumType._add_alias_`` and ``EnumType._add_value_alias_`` public." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5426 +msgid "" +":gh:`112509`: Fix edge cases that could cause a key to be present in both " +"the ``__required_keys__`` and ``__optional_keys__`` attributes of a " +":class:`typing.TypedDict`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5430 +msgid "" +":gh:`101336`: Add ``keep_alive`` keyword parameter for " +":meth:`AbstractEventLoop.create_server` and " +":meth:`BaseEventLoop.create_server`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5434 +msgid "" +":gh:`63284`: Added support for TLS-PSK (pre-shared key) mode to the " +":mod:`ssl` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5437 +msgid "" +":gh:`112414`: Fix regression in Python 3.12 where calling :func:`repr` on a " +"module that had been imported using a custom :term:`loader` could fail with " +":exc:`AttributeError`. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5441 +msgid "" +":gh:`112358`: Revert change to :class:`struct.Struct` initialization that " +"broke some cases of subclassing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5444 +msgid "" +":gh:`112405`: Optimize :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`. Patch by Alex " +"Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5447 +msgid "" +":gh:`94722`: Fix bug where comparison between instances of " +":class:`~doctest.DocTest` fails if one of them has ``None`` as its lineno." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5450 +msgid "" +":gh:`112361`: Speed up a small handful of :mod:`pathlib` methods by removing" +" some temporary objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5453 +msgid "" +":gh:`112345`: Improve error message when trying to call :func:`issubclass` " +"against a :class:`typing.Protocol` that has non-method members. Patch by " +"Randolf Scholz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5457 +msgid "" +":gh:`112137`: Change :mod:`dis` output to display no-lineno as \"--\" " +"instead of \"None\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5460 +msgid "" +":gh:`112332`: Deprecate the ``exc_type`` field of " +":class:`traceback.TracebackException`. Add ``exc_type_str`` to replace it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5463 +msgid ":gh:`81620`: Add extra tests for :func:`random.binomialvariate`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5465 +msgid "" +":gh:`112292`: Fix a crash in :mod:`readline` when imported from a sub " +"interpreter. Patch by Anthony Shaw" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5468 +msgid "" +":gh:`77621`: Slightly improve the import time of the :mod:`pathlib` module " +"by deferring some imports. Patch by Barney Gale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5471 +msgid "" +":gh:`112137`: Change :mod:`dis` output to display logical labels for jump " +"targets instead of offsets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5474 +msgid "" +":gh:`112139`: Add :meth:`Signature.format` to format signatures to string " +"with extra options. And use it in :mod:`pydoc` to render more readable " +"signatures that have new lines between parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5478 +msgid "" +":gh:`112105`: Make :func:`readline.set_completer_delims` work with libedit" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5480 +msgid "" +":gh:`106922`: Display multiple lines with ``traceback`` when errors span " +"multiple lines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5483 +msgid "" +":gh:`111874`: When creating a :class:`typing.NamedTuple` class, ensure " +":func:`~object.__set_name__` is called on all objects that define " +"``__set_name__`` and exist in the values of the ``NamedTuple`` class's class" +" dictionary. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5488 +msgid "" +":gh:`68166`: Add support of the \"vsapi\" element type in " +":meth:`tkinter.ttk.Style.element_create`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5491 +msgid "" +":gh:`110275`: Named tuple's methods ``_replace()`` and ``__replace__()`` now" +" raise TypeError instead of ValueError for invalid keyword arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5494 +msgid "" +":gh:`99367`: Do not mangle ``sys.path[0]`` in :mod:`pdb` if safe_path is set" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5496 +msgid "" +":gh:`111615`: Fix a regression caused by a fix to :gh:`93162` whereby you " +"couldn't configure a :class:`QueueHandler` without specifying handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5499 +msgid "" +":gh:`75666`: Fix the behavior of :mod:`tkinter` widget's ``unbind()`` method" +" with two arguments. Previously, ``widget.unbind(sequence, funcid)`` " +"destroyed the current binding for *sequence*, leaving *sequence* unbound, " +"and deleted the *funcid* command. Now it removes only *funcid* from the " +"binding for *sequence*, keeping other commands, and deletes the *funcid* " +"command. It leaves *sequence* unbound only if *funcid* was the last bound " +"command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5507 +msgid "" +":gh:`67790`: Implement basic formatting support (minimum width, alignment, " +"fill) for :class:`fractions.Fraction`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5510 +msgid "" +":gh:`111049`: Fix crash during garbage collection of the :class:`io.BytesIO`" +" buffer object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5513 +msgid "" +":gh:`102980`: Redirect the output of ``interact`` command of :mod:`pdb` to " +"the same channel as the debugger. Add tests and improve docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5516 +msgid "" +":gh:`102988`: :func:`email.utils.getaddresses` and " +":func:`email.utils.parseaddr` now return ``('', '')`` 2-tuples in more " +"situations where invalid email addresses are encountered instead of " +"potentially inaccurate values. Add optional *strict* parameter to these two " +"functions: use ``strict=False`` to get the old behavior, accept malformed " +"inputs. ``getattr(email.utils, 'supports_strict_parsing', False)`` can be " +"use to check if the *strict* parameter is available. Patch by Thomas Dwyer " +"and Victor Stinner to improve the :cve:`2023-27043` fix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5525 +msgid "" +":gh:`52161`: :meth:`cmd.Cmd.do_help` now cleans docstrings with " +":func:`inspect.cleandoc` before writing them. Patch by Filip Łapkiewicz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5528 +msgid "" +":gh:`82300`: Add ``track`` parameter to " +":class:`multiprocessing.shared_memory.SharedMemory` that allows using shared" +" memory blocks without having to register with the POSIX resource tracker " +"that automatically releases them upon process exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5533 +msgid "" +":gh:`110109`: Add private ``pathlib._PurePathBase`` class: a base class for " +":class:`pathlib.PurePath` that omits certain magic methods. It may be made " +"public (along with ``_PathBase``) in future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5537 +msgid "" +":gh:`109858`: Protect :mod:`zipfile` from \"quoted-overlap\" zipbomb. It now" +" raises BadZipFile when try to read an entry that overlaps with other entry " +"or central directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5541 +msgid "" +":gh:`109786`: Fix possible reference leaks and crash when re-enter the " +"``__next__()`` method of :class:`itertools.pairwise`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5544 +msgid "" +":gh:`91539`: Small (10 - 20%) and trivial performance improvement of " +":func:`urllib.request.getproxies_environment`, typically useful when there " +"are many environment variables to go over." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5548 +msgid "" +":gh:`103363`: Add *follow_symlinks* keyword-only argument to " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.owner` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group`, defaulting to " +"``True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5552 +msgid ":gh:`102130`: Support tab completion in :mod:`cmd` for ``editline``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5554 +msgid "" +":gh:`99437`: :func:`runpy.run_path` now decodes path-like objects, making " +"sure __file__ and sys.argv[0] of the module being run are always strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5557 +msgid "" +":gh:`104003`: Add :func:`warnings.deprecated`, a decorator to mark " +"deprecated functions to static type checkers and to warn on usage of " +"deprecated classes and functions. See :pep:`702`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5561 +msgid "" +":gh:`103708`: Make hardcoded python name, a configurable parameter so that " +"different implementations of python can override it instead of making huge " +"diffs in sysconfig.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5565 +msgid "" +":gh:`66515`: :class:`mailbox.MH` now supports folders that do not contain a " +"``.mh_sequences`` file (e.g. Claws Mail IMAP-cache folders). Patch by Serhiy" +" Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5569 +msgid "" +":gh:`83162`: Renamed :exc:`!re.error` to :exc:`PatternError` for clarity, " +"and kept :exc:`!re.error` for backward compatibility. Patch by Matthias " +"Bussonnier and Adam Chhina." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5573 +msgid "" +":gh:`91133`: Fix a bug in :class:`tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` cleanup, " +"which now no longer dereferences symlinks when working around file system " +"permission errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5577 +msgid "" +":issue:`43153`: On Windows, ``tempfile.TemporaryDirectory`` previously " +"masked a ``PermissionError`` with ``NotADirectoryError`` during directory " +"cleanup. It now correctly raises ``PermissionError`` if errors are not " +"ignored. Patch by Andrei Kulakov and Ken Jin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5582 +msgid "" +":issue:`32731`: :func:`getpass.getuser` now raises :exc:`OSError` for all " +"failures rather than :exc:`ImportError` on systems lacking the :mod:`pwd` " +"module or :exc:`KeyError` if the password database is empty." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5586 +msgid "" +":issue:`34321`: :class:`mmap.mmap` now has a *trackfd* parameter on Unix; if" +" it is ``False``, the file descriptor specified by *fileno* will not be " +"duplicated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5590 +msgid "" +":issue:`35332`: The :func:`shutil.rmtree` function now ignores errors when " +"calling :func:`os.close` when *ignore_errors* is ``True``, and " +":func:`os.close` no longer retried after error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5594 +msgid "" +":issue:`35928`: :class:`io.TextIOWrapper` now correctly handles the decoding" +" buffer after ``read()`` and ``write()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5597 +msgid "" +":issue:`26791`: :func:`shutil.move` now moves a symlink into a directory " +"when that directory is the target of the symlink. This provides the same " +"behavior as the mv shell command. The previous behavior raised an " +"exception. Patch by Jeffrey Kintscher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5602 +msgid "" +":issue:`41422`: Fixed memory leaks of :class:`pickle.Pickler` and " +":class:`pickle.Unpickler` involving cyclic references via the internal memo " +"mapping." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5606 +msgid "" +":issue:`19821`: The :func:`!pydoc.ispackage` function has been deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5608 +msgid "" +":issue:`40262`: The :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.recv_into` method no longer " +"requires the *buffer* argument to implement ``__len__`` and supports buffers" +" with arbitrary item size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5612 +msgid "" +":issue:`39912`: :func:`warnings.filterwarnings` and " +":func:`warnings.simplefilter` now raise appropriate exceptions instead of " +"``AssertionError``. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5616 +msgid "" +":issue:`37260`: Fixed a race condition in :func:`shutil.rmtree` in which " +"directory entries removed by another process or thread while " +"``shutil.rmtree()`` is running can cause it to raise FileNotFoundError. " +"Patch by Jeffrey Kintscher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5621 +msgid "" +":issue:`36959`: Fix some error messages for invalid ISO format string " +"combinations in ``strptime()`` that referred to directives not contained in " +"the format string. Patch by Gordon P. Hemsley." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5625 +msgid "" +":issue:`18060`: Fixed a class inheritance issue that can cause segfaults " +"when deriving two or more levels of subclasses from a base class of " +"Structure or Union." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5629 +msgid "" +":issue:`29779`: Add a new :envvar:`PYTHON_HISTORY` environment variable to " +"set the location of a ``.python_history`` file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5632 +msgid "" +":issue:`21360`: :class:`mailbox.Maildir` now ignores files with a leading " +"dot." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5637 +msgid "" +":gh:`111699`: Relocate ``smtpd`` deprecation notice to its own section " +"rather than under ``locale`` in What's New in Python 3.12 document" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5640 +msgid "" +":gh:`110746`: Improved markup for valid options/values for methods " +"ttk.treeview.column and ttk.treeview.heading, and for Layouts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5643 +msgid "" +":gh:`95649`: Document that the :mod:`asyncio` module contains code taken " +"from `v0.16.0 of the uvloop project " +"`_, as well as the " +"required MIT licensing information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5651 +msgid "" +":gh:`111798`: Disable ``test_super_deep()`` from ``test_call`` under pydebug" +" builds on WASI; the stack depth is too small to make the test useful." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5654 +msgid "" +":gh:`111801`: Lower the recursion limit in ``test_isinstance`` for " +"``test_infinitely_many_bases()``. This prevents a stack overflow on a " +"pydebug build of WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5658 +msgid "" +":gh:`111802`: Specify a low recursion depth for ``test_bad_getattr()`` in " +"``test.pickletester`` to avoid exhausting the stack under a pydebug build " +"for WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5662 +msgid "" +":gh:`44626`: Fix :func:`os.path.isabs` incorrectly returning ``True`` when " +"given a path that starts with exactly one (back)slash on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5665 +msgid "" +"Fix :meth:`pathlib.PureWindowsPath.is_absolute` incorrectly returning " +"``False`` for some paths beginning with two (back)slashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5668 +msgid ":gh:`113633`: Use module state for the _testcapi extension module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5670 +msgid "" +":gh:`109980`: Fix ``test_tarfile_vs_tar`` in ``test_shutil`` for macOS, " +"where system tar can include more information in the archive than " +":mod:`shutil.make_archive`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5674 +msgid "" +":gh:`112769`: The tests now correctly compare zlib version when " +":const:`zlib.ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION` contains non-integer suffixes. For " +"example zlib-ng defines the version as ``1.3.0.zlib-ng``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5678 +msgid "" +":gh:`112334`: Adds a regression test to verify that ``vfork()`` is used when" +" expected by :mod:`subprocess` on vfork enabled POSIX systems (Linux)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5681 +msgid "" +":gh:`108927`: Fixed order dependence in running tests in the same process " +"when a test that has submodules (e.g. test_importlib) follows a test that " +"imports its submodule (e.g. test_importlib.util) and precedes a test (e.g. " +"test_unittest or test_compileall) that uses that submodule." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5686 +msgid ":issue:`40648`: Test modes that file can get with chmod() on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5691 +msgid "" +":gh:`114013`: Fix ``Tools/wasm/wasi.py`` to not include the path to " +"``python.wasm`` as part of ``HOSTRUNNER``. The environment variable is meant" +" to specify how to run the WASI host only, having ``python.wasm`` and " +"relevant flags appended to the ``HOSTRUNNER``. This fixes ``make test`` " +"work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5697 +msgid "" +":gh:`113258`: Changed the Windows build to write out generated frozen " +"modules into the build tree instead of the source tree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5700 +msgid "" +":gh:`112305`: Fixed the ``check-clean-src`` step performed on out of tree " +"builds to detect errant ``$(srcdir)/Python/frozen_modules/*.h`` files and " +"recommend appropriate source tree cleanup steps to get a working build " +"again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5705 +msgid ":gh:`112536`: Add support for thread sanitizer (TSAN)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5707 +msgid "" +":gh:`112867`: Fix the build for the case that WITH_PYMALLOC_RADIX_TREE=0 " +"set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5709 +msgid "" +":gh:`103065`: Introduce ``Tools/wasm/wasi.py`` to simplify doing a WASI " +"build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5712 +msgid "" +":issue:`11102`: The :func:`os.major`, :func:`os.makedev`, and " +":func:`os.minor` functions are now available on HP-UX v3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5715 +msgid ":issue:`36351`: Do not set ipv6type when cross-compiling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5720 +msgid "" +":gh:`114096`: Process privileges that are activated for creating directory " +"junctions are now restored afterwards, avoiding behaviour changes in other " +"parts of the program." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5724 +msgid "" +":gh:`111877`: :func:`os.stat` calls were returning incorrect time values for" +" files that could not be accessed directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5727 +msgid ":gh:`111973`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.44.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5729 +msgid "" +":gh:`113009`: :mod:`multiprocessing`: On Windows, fix a race condition in " +"``Process.terminate()``: no longer set the ``returncode`` attribute to " +"always call ``WaitForSingleObject()`` in ``Process.wait()``. Previously, " +"sometimes the process was still running after ``TerminateProcess()`` even if" +" ``GetExitCodeProcess()`` is not ``STILL_ACTIVE``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5736 +msgid "" +":gh:`86179`: Fixes path calculations when launching Python on Windows " +"through a symlink." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5739 +msgid "" +":gh:`71383`: Update Tcl/Tk in Windows installer to 8.6.13 with a patch to " +"suppress incorrect ThemeChanged warnings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5742 +msgid "" +":gh:`111650`: Ensures the ``Py_GIL_DISABLED`` preprocessor variable is " +"defined in :file:`pyconfig.h` so that extension modules written in C are " +"able to use it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5746 +msgid "" +":gh:`112278`: Reduce the time cost for some functions in :mod:`platform` on " +"Windows if current user has no permission to the WMI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5749 +msgid "" +":gh:`73427`: Deprecate :func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`. Use " +":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` instead. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5752 +msgid "" +":gh:`87868`: Correctly sort and remove duplicate environment variables in " +":py:func:`!_winapi.CreateProcess`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5755 +msgid "" +":issue:`37308`: Fix mojibake in :class:`mmap.mmap` when using a non-ASCII " +"*tagname* argument on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5761 +msgid "" +":gh:`113666`: Add the following constants to module :mod:`stat`: " +"``UF_SETTABLE``, ``UF_TRACKED``, ``UF_DATAVAULT``, ``SF_SUPPORTED``, " +"``SF_SETTABLE``, ``SF_SYNTHETIC``, ``SF_RESTRICTED``, ``SF_FIRMLINK`` and " +"``SF_DATALESS``. The values ``UF_SETTABLE``, ``SF_SUPPORTED``, " +"``SF_SETTABLE`` and ``SF_SYNTHETIC`` are only available on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5767 +msgid ":gh:`113536`: :func:`os.waitid` is now available on macOS" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5769 +msgid "" +":gh:`110459`: Running ``configure ... --with-openssl-rpath=X/Y/Z`` no longer" +" fails to detect OpenSSL on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5772 +msgid "" +":gh:`74573`: Document that :mod:`dbm.ndbm` can silently corrupt DBM files on" +" updates when exceeding undocumented platform limits, and can crash " +"(segmentation fault) when reading such a corrupted file. (FB8919203)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5776 +msgid "" +":gh:`65701`: The :program:`freeze` tool doesn't work with framework builds " +"of Python. Document this and bail out early when running the tool with such " +"a build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5780 +msgid "" +":gh:`87277`: webbrowser: Don't look for X11 browsers on macOS. Those are " +"generally not used and probing for them can result in starting XQuartz even " +"if it isn't used otherwise." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5784 +msgid ":gh:`111973`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.44.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5786 +msgid "" +":gh:`108269`: Set ``CFBundleAllowMixedLocalizations`` to true in the " +"Info.plist for the framework, embedded Python.app and IDLE.app with " +"framework installs on macOS. This allows applications to pick up the user's" +" preferred locale when that's different from english." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5791 +msgid "" +":gh:`102362`: Make sure the result of :func:`sysconfig.get_plaform` includes" +" at least a major and minor versions, even if ``MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`` " +"is set to only a major version during build to match the format expected by " +"pip." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5796 +msgid "" +":gh:`110017`: Disable a signal handling stress test on macOS due to a bug in" +" macOS (FB13453490)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5799 +msgid "" +":gh:`110820`: Make sure the preprocessor definitions for " +"``ALIGNOF_MAX_ALIGN_T``, ``SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE`` and ``HAVE_GCC_ASM_FOR_X64``" +" are correct for Universal 2 builds on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5803 +msgid "" +":gh:`109981`: Use ``/dev/fd`` on macOS to determine the number of open files" +" in ``test.support.os_helper.fd_count`` to avoid a crash with \"guarded\" " +"file descriptors when probing for open files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5810 +msgid "" +":gh:`72284`: Improve the lists of features, editor key bindings, and shell " +"key bingings in the IDLE doc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5813 +msgid "" +":gh:`113903`: Fix rare failure of test.test_idle, in test_configdialog." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5815 +msgid ":gh:`113729`: Fix the \"Help -> IDLE Doc\" menu bug in 3.11.7 and 3.12.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5817 +msgid ":gh:`113269`: Fix test_editor hang on macOS Catalina." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5819 +msgid "" +":gh:`112898`: Fix processing unsaved files when quitting IDLE on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5821 +msgid "" +":issue:`13586`: Enter the selected text when opening the \"Replace\" dialog." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5826 +msgid "" +":gh:`106560`: Fix redundant declarations in the public C API. Declare " +"PyBool_Type, PyLong_Type and PySys_Audit() only once. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5830 +msgid "" +":gh:`112438`: Fix support of format units \"es\", \"et\", \"es#\", and " +"\"et#\" in nested tuples in :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple`-like functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5833 +msgid "" +":gh:`111545`: Add :c:func:`Py_HashPointer` function to hash a pointer. Patch" +" by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5836 +msgid "" +":gh:`65210`: Change the declaration of the *keywords* parameter of " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` and " +":c:func:`PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords` for better compatibility with C++." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5842 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5844 +msgid "*Release date: 2023-11-22*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5849 +msgid "" +":gh:`112243`: Don't include comments in f-string debug expressions. Patch by" +" Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5852 +msgid "" +":gh:`112287`: Slightly optimize the Tier 2 (uop) interpreter by only loading" +" ``oparg`` and ``operand`` when needed. Also double the trace size limit " +"again, to 512 this time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5856 +msgid "" +":gh:`112266`: Change docstrings of :attr:`~object.__dict__` and " +":attr:`~object.__weakref__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5859 +msgid "" +":gh:`111807`: Lower the max parser stack depth to 1000 under WASI debug " +"builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5862 +msgid "" +":gh:`111798`: When Python is built in debug mode, set the C recursion limit " +"to 500 instead of 1500. A debug build is likely built with low optimization " +"level which implies higher stack memory usage than a release build. Patch by" +" Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5867 +msgid ":gh:`106529`: Enable translating unspecialized ``FOR_ITER`` to Tier 2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5869 +msgid ":gh:`111916`: Make hashlib related modules thread-safe without the GIL" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5871 +msgid "" +":gh:`81137`: Deprecate assignment to a function's ``__code__`` field when " +"the new code object is of a mismatched type (e.g., from a generator to a " +"plain function)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5875 +msgid "" +":gh:`79932`: Raise exception if :meth:`frame.clear` is called on a suspended" +" frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5878 +msgid ":gh:`81925`: Implement native thread ids for GNU KFreeBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5880 +msgid "" +":gh:`111843`: Use exponential backoff to reduce the number of failed tier 2 " +"optimization attempts by over 99%." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5883 +msgid "" +":gh:`110829`: Joining a thread now ensures the underlying OS thread has " +"exited. This is required for safer fork() in multi-threaded processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5886 +msgid "" +":gh:`109369`: Make sure that tier 2 traces are de-optimized if the code is " +"instrumented" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5889 +msgid "" +":gh:`111772`: Specialize slot loads and stores for _Py_T_OBJECT as well as " +"Py_T_OBJECT_EX" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5892 +msgid "" +":gh:`111666`: Speed up :meth:`BaseExceptionGroup.derive`, " +":meth:`BaseExceptionGroup.subgroup`, and :meth:`BaseExceptionGroup.split` by" +" changing how they parse passed arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5896 +msgid "" +":gh:`111654`: Fix runtime crash when some error happens in opcode " +"``LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5899 +msgid "" +":gh:`111623`: Add support for sharing tuples between interpreters using the " +"cross-interpreter API. Patch by Anthony Shaw." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5902 +msgid "" +":gh:`111354`: The oparg of :opcode:`YIELD_VALUE` is now ``1`` if the " +"instruction is part of a yield-from or await, and ``0`` otherwise." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5905 +msgid "" +"The SUSPENDED frame state is now split into ``SUSPENDED`` and " +"``SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM``. This simplifies the code in ``_PyGen_yf``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5908 +msgid "" +":gh:`111520`: Merge the Tier 1 (bytecode) and Tier 2 (micro-ops) " +"interpreters together, moving the Tier 2 interpreter loop and switch into " +"``_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()`` in ``Python/ceval.c``. The " +"``Python/executor.c`` file is gone. Also the ``TIER_ONE`` and ``TIER_TWO`` " +"macros are now handled by the code generator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5914 +msgid "" +"**Beware!** This changes the environment variables to enable micro-ops and " +"their debugging to ``PYTHON_UOPS`` and ``PYTHON_LLTRACE``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5917 +msgid "" +":gh:`109181`: Speed up :class:`Traceback` object creation by lazily compute " +"the line number. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5920 +msgid ":gh:`111420`: Allow type comments in parenthesized ``with`` statements" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5922 +msgid "" +":gh:`111438`: Add support for sharing floats between interpreters using the " +"cross-interpreter API. Patch by Anthony Shaw." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5925 +msgid "" +":gh:`111435`: Add support for sharing of ``True`` and ``False`` between " +"interpreters using the cross-interpreter API. Patch by Anthony Shaw." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5928 +msgid "" +":gh:`102388`: Fix a bug where ``iso2022_jp_3`` and ``iso2022_jp_2004`` " +"codecs read out of bounds" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5931 +msgid "" +":gh:`111366`: Fix an issue in the :mod:`codeop` that was causing " +":exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions raised in the presence of invalid syntax to " +"not contain precise error messages. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5935 +msgid "" +":gh:`111380`: Fix a bug that was causing :exc:`SyntaxWarning` to appear " +"twice when parsing if invalid syntax is encountered later. Patch by Pablo " +"galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5939 +msgid "" +":gh:`111374`: Added a new environment variable " +":envvar:`PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES`. It determines whether or not frozen modules" +" are ignored by the import machinery, equivalent of the :option:`-X " +"frozen_modules <-X>` command-line option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5944 +msgid "" +":gh:`111354`: Remove ``oparg`` from :opcode:`YIELD_VALUE`. Change ``oparg`` " +"of :opcode:`RESUME` to include information about the except-depth. These " +"changes make it possible to simplify the code in generator close." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5948 +msgid "" +":gh:`94438`: Fix a regression that prevented jumping across ``is None`` and " +"``is not None`` when debugging. Patch by Savannah Ostrowski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5951 +msgid "" +":gh:`67224`: Show source lines in tracebacks when using the ``-c`` option " +"when running Python. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5954 +msgid "" +":gh:`111123`: Fix a bug where a :keyword:`global` declaration in an " +":keyword:`except` block is rejected when the global is used in the " +":keyword:`else` block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5958 +msgid "" +":gh:`110938`: Fix error messages for indented blocks with functions and " +"classes with generic type parameters. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5961 +msgid "" +":gh:`109214`: Remove unnecessary instruction pointer updates before " +"returning from frames." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5964 +msgid "" +":gh:`110912`: Correctly display the traceback for :exc:`MemoryError` " +"exceptions using the :mod:`traceback` module. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5967 +msgid "" +":gh:`109894`: Fixed crash due to improperly initialized static " +":exc:`MemoryError` in subinterpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5970 +msgid "" +":gh:`110892`: Return ``NULL`` for ``PyTrace_RETURN`` events caused by an " +"exception" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5973 +msgid "" +":gh:`110864`: Fix argument parsing by ``_PyArg_UnpackKeywordsWithVararg`` " +"for functions defining pos-or-keyword, vararg, and kw-only parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5976 +msgid "" +":gh:`109094`: Replace ``prev_instr`` on the interpreter frame by " +"``instr_ptr`` which points to the beginning of the instruction that is " +"currently executing (or will execute once the frame resumes)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5980 +msgid "" +":gh:`110805`: Allow the repl to show source code and complete tracebacks. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5983 +msgid "" +":gh:`110722`: Add :envvar:`PYTHON_PRESITE=package.module` to import a module" +" early in the interpreter lifecycle before ``site.py`` is executed. Python " +"needs to be :ref:`built in debug mode ` for this option to " +"exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5988 +msgid "" +":gh:`110481`: Implement biased reference counting in ``--disable-gil`` " +"builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5991 +msgid "" +":gh:`110543`: Fix regression in Python 3.12 where " +":meth:`types.CodeType.replace` would produce a broken code object if called " +"on a module or class code object that contains a comprehension. Patch by " +"Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:5996 +msgid "" +":gh:`89519`: Removed chained :class:`classmethod` descriptors (introduced in" +" :issue:`19072`). This can no longer be used to wrap other descriptors such" +" as :class:`property`. The core design of this feature was flawed and " +"caused a number of downstream problems. To \"pass-through\" a " +":class:`classmethod`, consider using the :attr:`!__wrapped__` attribute that" +" was added in Python 3.10." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6003 +msgid ":gh:`103615`: Use local events for opcode tracing" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6005 +msgid ":issue:`46657`: Add mimalloc memory allocator support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6007 +msgid "" +":gh:`106718`: When PyConfig.stdlib_dir is explicitly set, it's now respected" +" and won't be overridden by PyConfig.home." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6010 +msgid "" +":gh:`106905`: Fix incorrect SystemError about AST constructor recursion " +"depth mismatch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6013 +msgid "" +":gh:`100445`: Improve error message for unterminated strings with escapes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6015 +msgid "" +":issue:`45759`: Improved error messages for ``elif``/``else`` statements not" +" matching any valid statements. Patch by Jeremiah Vivian." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6021 +msgid "" +":gh:`111942`: Fix SystemError in the TextIOWrapper constructor with non-" +"encodable \"errors\" argument in non-debug mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6024 +msgid "" +":gh:`111995`: Added the ``NI_IDN`` constant to the :mod:`socket` module when" +" present in C at build time for use with :func:`socket.getnameinfo`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6027 +msgid "" +":gh:`109538`: Issue warning message instead of having :class:`RuntimeError` " +"be displayed when event loop has already been closed at " +":meth:`StreamWriter.__del__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6031 +msgid "" +":gh:`111942`: Fix crashes in :meth:`io.TextIOWrapper.reconfigure` when pass " +"invalid arguments, e.g. non-string encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6034 +msgid "" +":gh:`111460`: :mod:`curses`: restore wide character support (including " +":func:`curses.unget_wch` and :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch`) on macOS, which" +" was unavailable due to a regression in Python 3.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6038 +msgid "" +":gh:`103791`: :class:`contextlib.suppress` now supports suppressing " +"exceptions raised as part of a :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`, in addition to the" +" recent support for :exc:`ExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6042 +msgid "" +":gh:`111835`: The :class:`mmap.mmap` class now has an " +":meth:`~mmap.mmap.seekable` method that can be used when a seekable file-" +"like object is required. The :meth:`~mmap.mmap.seek` method now returns the " +"new absolute position. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6047 +msgid "" +":gh:`111804`: Remove posix.fallocate() under WASI as the underlying " +"posix_fallocate() is not available in WASI preview2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6050 +msgid "" +":gh:`111841`: Fix truncating arguments on an embedded null character in " +":meth:`os.putenv` and :meth:`os.unsetenv` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6053 +msgid "" +":gh:`111768`: :func:`wsgiref.util.is_hop_by_hop` is now exposed correctly in" +" ``__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6056 +msgid "" +":gh:`80731`: Avoid executing the default function in :class:`cmd.Cmd` in an " +"except block" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6059 +msgid "" +":gh:`111541`: Fix :mod:`doctest` for :exc:`SyntaxError` not-builtin " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6062 +msgid "" +":gh:`111719`: Add extra argument validation for ``alias`` command in " +":mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6065 +msgid "" +":gh:`111482`: :mod:`time`: Make :func:`time.clock_gettime` and " +":func:`time.clock_gettime_ns` functions up to 2x faster by faster calling " +"convention. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6069 +msgid "" +":gh:`110894`: Call loop exception handler for exceptions in " +"``client_connected_cb`` of :func:`asyncio.start_server` so that applications" +" can handle it. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6073 +msgid "" +":gh:`111531`: Fix reference leaks in ``bind_class()`` and ``bind_all()`` " +"methods of :mod:`tkinter` widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6076 +msgid "" +":gh:`111246`: :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_unix_server` will now automatically" +" remove the Unix socket when the server is closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6079 +msgid "" +":gh:`111356`: Added :func:`io.text_encoding`, " +":data:`io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`, and :class:`io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder` to" +" ``io.__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6082 +msgid "" +":gh:`66425`: Remove the code to set the REMOTE_HOST header from wsgiref " +"module, as it is unreachable. This header is used for performance reasons, " +"which is not necessary in the wsgiref module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6086 +msgid "" +":gh:`111429`: Speed up :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6089 +msgid ":gh:`111342`: Fixed typo in :func:`math.sumprod`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6091 +msgid "" +":gh:`68166`: Remove mention of not supported \"vsapi\" element type in " +":meth:`tkinter.ttk.Style.element_create`. Add tests for ``element_create()``" +" and other ``ttk.Style`` methods. Add examples for ``element_create()`` in " +"the documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6096 +msgid "" +":gh:`111388`: Add ``show_group`` parameter to " +":func:`traceback.format_exception_only`, which allows to format " +":exc:`ExceptionGroup` instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6100 +msgid "" +":gh:`79033`: Another attempt at fixing :func:`asyncio.Server.wait_closed`. " +"It now blocks until both conditions are true: the server is closed, *and* " +"there are no more active connections. (This means that in some cases where " +"in 3.12.0 this function would *incorrectly* have returned immediately, it " +"will now block; in particular, when there are no active connections but the " +"server hasn't been closed yet.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6107 +msgid ":gh:`111259`: Optimize recursive wildcards in :mod:`pathlib`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6109 +msgid "" +":gh:`111295`: Fix :mod:`time` not checking for errors when initializing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6111 +msgid ":gh:`111253`: Add error checking during :mod:`!_socket` module init." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6113 +msgid "" +":gh:`111251`: Fix :mod:`!_blake2` not checking for errors when initializing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6115 +msgid "" +":gh:`111233`: Fix :mod:`select` not checking for errors when initializing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6117 +msgid "" +":gh:`111230`: Fix :mod:`ssl` not checking for errors when initializing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6119 +msgid "" +":gh:`111174`: Fix crash in :meth:`io.BytesIO.getbuffer` called repeatedly " +"for empty BytesIO." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6122 +msgid "" +":gh:`111187`: Postpone removal version for locale.getdefaultlocale() to " +"Python 3.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6125 +msgid "" +":gh:`111159`: Fix :mod:`doctest` output comparison for exceptions with " +"notes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6127 +msgid "" +":gh:`110910`: Fix invalid state handling in :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` and " +":class:`asyncio.Timeout`. They now raise proper RuntimeError if they are " +"improperly used and are left in consistent state after this." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6131 +msgid ":gh:`111092`: Make turtledemo run without default root enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6133 +msgid "" +":gh:`110944`: Support alias and convenience vars for :mod:`pdb` completion" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6135 +msgid "" +":gh:`110745`: Added *newline* parameter to :meth:`pathlib.Path.read_text`. " +"Patch by Junya Okabe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6138 +msgid "" +":gh:`84583`: Make :mod:`pdb` enter post-mortem mode even for " +":exc:`SyntaxError`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6141 +msgid "" +":gh:`80675`: Set ``f_trace_lines = True`` on all frames upon " +":func:`pdb.set_trace`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6144 +msgid "" +":gh:`110771`: Expose the setup and cleanup portions of " +"``asyncio.run_forever()`` as the standalone methods " +"``asyncio.run_forever_setup()`` and ``asyncio.run_forever_cleanup()``. This " +"allows for tighter integration with GUI event loops." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6149 +msgid "" +":gh:`110774`: Support setting the :class:`asyncio.Runner` loop_factory kwarg" +" in :class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6152 +msgid "" +":gh:`110392`: Fix :func:`tty.setraw` and :func:`tty.setcbreak`: previously " +"they returned partially modified list of the original tty attributes. " +":func:`tty.cfmakeraw` and :func:`tty.cfmakecbreak` now make a copy of the " +"list of special characters before modifying it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6157 +msgid "" +":gh:`59013`: Make line number of function breakpoint more precise in " +":mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6160 +msgid "" +":gh:`88434`: Emit deprecation warning for non-integer numbers in " +":mod:`gettext` functions and methods that consider plural forms even if the " +"translation was not found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6164 +msgid "" +":gh:`110395`: Ensure that :func:`select.kqueue` objects correctly appear as " +"closed in forked children, to prevent operations on an invalid file " +"descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6168 +msgid "" +":gh:`110196`: Add ``__reduce__`` method to :class:`IPv6Address` in order to " +"keep ``scope_id``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6171 +msgid "" +":gh:`109747`: Improve errors for unsupported look-behind patterns. Now " +"re.error is raised instead of OverflowError or RuntimeError for too large " +"width of look-behind pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6175 +msgid "" +":gh:`109466`: Add the :attr:`ipaddress.IPv4Address.ipv6_mapped` property, " +"which returns the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6178 +msgid "" +":gh:`85098`: Implement the CLI of the :mod:`symtable` module and improve the" +" repr of :class:`~symtable.Symbol`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6181 +msgid "" +":gh:`108791`: Improved error handling in :mod:`pdb` command line interface, " +"making it produce more concise error messages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6184 +msgid "" +":gh:`105931`: Change :mod:`compileall` to only strip the stripdir prefix " +"from the full path recorded in the compiled ``.pyc`` file, when the prefix " +"matches the start of the full path in its entirety. When the prefix does not" +" match, no stripping is performed and a warning to this effect is displayed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6190 +msgid "" +"Previously all path components of the stripdir prefix that matched the full " +"path were removed, while those that did not match were left alone (including" +" ones interspersed between matching components)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6194 +msgid "" +":gh:`107431`: Make the ``DictProxy`` and ``ListProxy`` types in " +":mod:`multiprocessing.managers` :ref:`Generic Alias Types` for ``[]`` use in typing contexts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6198 +msgid "" +":gh:`72904`: Add :func:`glob.translate`. This function converts a pathname " +"with shell-style wildcards to a regular expression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6201 +msgid "" +":gh:`90026`: Define ``USE_XATTRS`` on Cygwin so that XATTR-related functions" +" in the :mod:`os` module become available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6204 +msgid "" +":gh:`90890`: New methods :meth:`mailbox.Maildir.get_info`, " +":meth:`mailbox.Maildir.set_info`, :meth:`mailbox.Maildir.get_flags`, " +":meth:`mailbox.Maildir.set_flags`, :meth:`mailbox.Maildir.add_flag`, " +":meth:`mailbox.Maildir.remove_flag`. These methods speed up accessing a " +"message's info and/or flags and are useful when it is not necessary to " +"access the message's contents, as when iterating over a Maildir to find " +"messages with specific flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6212 +msgid "" +":gh:`102956`: Fix returning of empty byte strings after seek in zipfile " +"module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6215 +msgid "" +":gh:`102895`: Added a parameter ``local_exit`` for :func:`code.interact` to " +"prevent ``exit()`` and ``quit`` from closing ``sys.stdin`` and raise " +"``SystemExit``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6219 +msgid "" +":gh:`97928`: Change the behavior of :meth:`tkinter.Text.count`. It now " +"always returns an integer if one or less counting options are specified. " +"Previously it could return a single count as a 1-tuple, an integer (only if " +"option ``\"update\"`` was specified) or ``None`` if no items found. The " +"result is now the same if ``wantobjects`` is set to ``0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6225 +msgid "" +":gh:`96954`: Switch the storage of the unicode codepoint names to use a " +"different data-structure, a `directed acyclic word graph " +"`_." +" This makes the unicodedata shared library about 440 KiB smaller. " +"Contributed by Carl Friedrich Bolz-Tereick using code from the PyPy project." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6232 +msgid "" +":gh:`73561`: Omit the interface scope from an IPv6 address when used as Host" +" header by :mod:`http.client`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6235 +msgid "" +":gh:`86826`: :mod:`zipinfo` now supports the full range of values in the TZ " +"string determined by RFC 8536 and detects all invalid formats. Both Python " +"and C implementations now raise exceptions of the same type on invalid data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6243 +msgid "" +":gh:`111808`: Make the default value of " +"``test.support.infinite_recursion()`` to be conditional based on whether " +"optimizations were used when compiling the interpreter. This helps with " +"platforms like WASI whose stack size is greatly restricted in debug builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6248 +msgid "" +":gh:`110722`: Gathering line coverage of standard libraries within the " +"regression test suite is now precise, as well as much faster. Patch by " +"Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6252 +msgid "" +":gh:`110367`: Make regrtest ``--verbose3`` option compatible with " +"``--huntrleaks -jN`` options. The ``./python -m test -j1 -R 3:3 --verbose3``" +" command now works as expected. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6256 +msgid "" +":gh:`111165`: Remove no longer used functions ``run_unittest()`` and " +"``run_doctest()`` from the :mod:`test.support` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6259 +msgid "" +":gh:`110932`: Fix regrtest if the ``SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`` environment variable" +" is defined: use the variable value as the random seed. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6263 +msgid "" +":gh:`110995`: test_gdb: Fix detection of gdb built without Python scripting " +"support. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6266 +msgid "" +":gh:`110918`: Test case matching patterns specified by options ``--match``, " +"``--ignore``, ``--matchfile`` and ``--ignorefile`` are now tested in the " +"order of specification, and the last match determines whether the test case " +"be run or ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6271 +msgid "" +":gh:`108747`: Add unit test for ``usercustomize`` and ``sitecustomize`` " +"hooks from :class:`site`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6277 +msgid "" +":gh:`96954`: Make ``make regen-unicodedata`` work for out-of-tree builds of " +"CPython." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6280 +msgid "" +":gh:`112088`: Add ``Tools/build/regen-configure.sh`` script to regenerate " +"the ``configure`` with an Ubuntu container image. The " +"``quay.io/tiran/cpython_autoconf:271`` container image " +"(`tiran/cpython_autoconf `_) is " +"no longer used. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6286 +msgid "" +":gh:`111046`: For wasi-threads, memory is now exported to fix compatibility " +"issues with some wasm runtimes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6289 +msgid "" +":gh:`110828`: AIX 32bit needs ``-latomic`` to build the :mod:`!_testcapi` " +"extension module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6292 +msgid "" +":gh:`85283`: The ``errno``, ``md5``, ``resource``, ``winsound``, " +"``_ctypes_test``, ``_multiprocessing.posixshmem``, ``_scproxy``, ``_stat``, " +"``_testimportmultiple`` and ``_uuid`` C extensions are now built with the " +":ref:`limited C API `. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6301 +msgid "" +":gh:`111856`: Fixes :func:`~os.fstat` on file systems that do not support " +"file ID requests. This includes FAT32 and exFAT." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6304 +msgid "" +":gh:`111293`: Fix :data:`os.DirEntry.inode` dropping higher 64 bits of a " +"file id on some filesystems on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6307 +msgid "" +":gh:`110913`: WindowsConsoleIO now correctly chunks large buffers without " +"splitting up UTF-8 sequences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6313 +msgid "" +":gh:`59703`: For macOS framework builds, in ``getpath.c`` use the system " +"``dladdr`` function to find the path to the shared library rather than " +"depending on deprecated macOS APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6317 +msgid "" +":gh:`110950`: Update macOS installer to include an upstream Tcl/Tk fix for " +"the ``Secure coding is not enabled for restorable state!`` warning " +"encountered in Tkinter on macOS 14 Sonoma." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6321 +msgid "" +":gh:`111015`: Ensure that IDLE.app and Python Launcher.app are installed " +"with appropriate permissions on macOS builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6324 +msgid "" +":gh:`71383`: Update macOS installer to include an upstream Tcl/Tk fix for " +"the ``ttk::ThemeChanged`` error encountered in Tkinter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6327 +msgid "" +":gh:`92603`: Update macOS installer to include a fix accepted by upstream " +"Tcl/Tk for a crash encountered after the first :meth:`tkinter.Tk` instance " +"is destroyed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6334 +msgid "" +":issue:`35668`: Add docstrings to the IDLE debugger module. Fix two bugs: " +"initialize ``Idb.botframe`` (should be in Bdb); in ``Idb.in_rpc_code``, " +"check whether ``prev_frame`` is ``None`` before trying to use it. Greatly " +"expand test_debugger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6342 +msgid "" +":gh:`111903`: Argument Clinic now supports the ``@critical_section`` " +"directive that instructs Argument Clinic to generate a critical section " +"around the function call, which locks the ``self`` object in ``--disable-" +"gil`` builds. Patch by Sam Gross." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6350 +msgid "" +":gh:`112026`: Add again the private ``_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()`` " +"function as an alias to the new public :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked` " +"function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6354 +msgid "" +":gh:`112026`: Restore the removed ``_PyDict_GetItemStringWithError()`` " +"function. It is used by numpy. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6357 +msgid "" +":gh:`112026`: Restore removed private C API functions, macros and structures" +" which have no simple replacement for now:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6360 +msgid "_PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6361 +msgid "_PyDict_NewPresized()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6362 +msgid "_PyHASH_BITS" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6363 +msgid "_PyHASH_IMAG" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6364 +msgid "_PyHASH_INF" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6365 +msgid "_PyHASH_MODULUS" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6366 +msgid "_PyHASH_MULTIPLIER" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6367 +msgid "_PyLong_Copy()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6368 +msgid "_PyLong_FromDigits()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6369 +msgid "_PyLong_New()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6370 +msgid "_PyLong_Sign()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6371 +msgid "_PyObject_CallMethodId()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6372 +msgid "_PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6373 +msgid "_PyObject_CallMethodOneArg()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6374 +msgid "_PyObject_CallOneArg()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6375 +msgid "_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6376 +msgid "_PyObject_FastCallDict()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6377 +msgid "_PyObject_GetAttrId()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6378 +msgid "_PyObject_Vectorcall()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6379 +msgid "_PyObject_VectorcallMethod()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6380 +msgid "_PyStack_AsDict()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6381 +msgid "_PyThread_CurrentFrames()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6382 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter structure" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6383 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6384 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_Finish()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6385 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_Init()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6386 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6387 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKind()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6388 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6389 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6390 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6391 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6392 +msgid "_PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6393 +msgid "_PyUnicode_AsString()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6394 +msgid "_PyUnicode_FromId()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6395 +msgid "_PyVectorcall_Function()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6396 +msgid "_Py_IDENTIFIER()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6397 +msgid "_Py_c_abs()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6398 +msgid "_Py_c_diff()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6399 +msgid "_Py_c_neg()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6400 +msgid "_Py_c_pow()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6401 +msgid "_Py_c_prod()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6402 +msgid "_Py_c_quot()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6403 +msgid "_Py_c_sum()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6404 +msgid "_Py_static_string()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6405 +msgid "_Py_static_string_init()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6409 +msgid "" +":gh:`112026`: Add again ```` and ```` includes in " +"``Python.h``, but don't include them in the limited C API version 3.13 and " +"newer. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6413 +msgid "" +":gh:`111956`: Add internal-only one-time initialization API: ``_PyOnceFlag``" +" and ``_PyOnceFlag_CallOnce``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6416 +msgid "" +":gh:`111262`: Add :c:func:`PyDict_Pop` and :c:func:`PyDict_PopString` " +"functions: remove a key from a dictionary and optionally return the removed " +"value. This is similar to :meth:`dict.pop`, but without the default value " +"and not raising :exc:`KeyError` if the key missing. Patch by Stefan Behnel " +"and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6422 +msgid "" +":gh:`111863`: Rename ``Py_NOGIL`` to ``Py_GIL_DISABLED``. Patch by Hugo van " +"Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6425 +msgid "" +":gh:`111138`: Add :c:func:`PyList_Extend` and :c:func:`PyList_Clear` " +"functions: similar to Python ``list.extend()`` and ``list.clear()`` methods." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6429 +msgid "" +":gh:`108765`: On Windows, ``Python.h`` no longer includes the ````" +" standard header file. If needed, it should now be included explicitly. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6433 +msgid "" +":gh:`111569`: Implement \"Python Critical Sections\" from :pep:`703`. These " +"are macros to help replace the GIL with per-object locks in the ``--disable-" +"gil`` build of CPython. The macros are no-ops in the default build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6438 +msgid "" +":gh:`111506`: In the limited C API version 3.13, :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT` " +"function is now implemented as an opaque function call. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6442 +msgid ":gh:`108082`: Add :c:func:`PyErr_FormatUnraisable` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6444 +msgid "" +":gh:`110964`: Move the undocumented private _PyArg functions and " +"_PyArg_Parser structure to internal C API (``pycore_modsupport.h``). Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6448 +msgid "" +":gh:`110815`: Support non-ASCII keyword names in " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6451 +msgid "" +":gh:`109587`: Introduced :c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfTrampoline_CompileCode`, " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfTrampoline_SetPersistAfterFork` and " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_CopyPerfMapFile`. These functions allow extension " +"modules to initialize trampolines eagerly, after the application is \"warmed" +" up\". This makes it possible to have perf-trampolines running in an always-" +"enabled fashion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6458 +msgid "" +":gh:`85283`: Add the :c:func:`PySys_Audit` function to the limited C API. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6461 +msgid "" +":gh:`85283`: Add :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`, " +":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` and :c:func:`PyMem_RawFree` to the limited C API." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6465 +msgid "" +":gh:`106672`: Functions :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemString`, :c:func:`PyMapping_HasKey`, " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyString`, :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttr`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`, and :c:func:`PySys_GetObject`, which clear" +" all errors occurred during calling the function, report now them using " +":func:`sys.unraisablehook`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6472 +msgid "" +":gh:`67565`: Remove redundant C-contiguity check in :file:`getargs.c`, " +":mod:`binascii`, :mod:`ssl` and Argument Clinic. Patched by Stefan Krah and " +"Furkan Onder" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6478 +msgid "Python 3.13.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6480 +msgid "*Release date: 2023-10-13*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6485 +msgid "" +":gh:`108310`: Fixed an issue where instances of :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` were " +"vulnerable to a bypass of the TLS handshake and included protections (like " +"certificate verification) and treating sent unencrypted data as if it were " +"post-handshake TLS encrypted data. Security issue reported as " +":cve:`2023-40217` by Aapo Oksman. Patch by Gregory P. Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6491 +msgid "" +":gh:`107774`: PEP 669 specifies that ``sys.monitoring.register_callback`` " +"will generate an audit event. Pre-releases of Python 3.12 did not generate " +"the audit event. This is now fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6495 +msgid "" +":gh:`102988`: Reverted the :mod:`email.utils` security improvement change " +"released in 3.12beta4 that unintentionally caused " +":mod:`email.utils.getaddresses` to fail to parse email addresses with a " +"comma in the quoted name field. See :gh:`106669`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6500 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: Refresh our new HACL* built-in :mod:`hashlib` code from " +"upstream. Built-in SHA2 should be faster and an issue with SHA3 on 32-bit " +"platforms is fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6504 +msgid "" +":gh:`102509`: Start initializing ``ob_digit`` during creation of " +":c:type:`PyLongObject` objects. Patch by Illia Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6510 +msgid "" +":gh:`110782`: Fix crash when :class:`typing.TypeVar` is constructed with a " +"keyword argument. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6513 +msgid "" +":gh:`110752`: Reset ``ceval.eval_breaker`` in :func:`interpreter_clear`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6515 +msgid "" +":gh:`110721`: Use the :mod:`traceback` implementation for the default " +":c:func:`PyErr_Display` functionality. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6518 +msgid "" +":gh:`110696`: Fix incorrect error message for invalid argument unpacking. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6521 +msgid "" +":gh:`104169`: Split the tokenizer into two separate directories: - One part " +"includes the actual lexeme producing logic and lives in ``Parser/lexer``. - " +"The second part wraps the lexer according to the different tokenization " +"modes we have (string, utf-8, file, interactive, readline) and lives in " +"``Parser/tokenizer``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6527 +msgid "" +":gh:`110688`: Remove undocumented ``test_c_api`` method from :class:`set`, " +"which was only defined for testing purposes under ``Py_DEBUG``. Now we have " +"proper CAPI tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6531 +msgid "" +":gh:`104584`: Fix a reference leak when running with :envvar:`PYTHONUOPS` or" +" :option:`-X uops <-X>` enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6534 +msgid ":gh:`110514`: Add ``PY_THROW`` to :func:`sys.setprofile` events" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6536 +msgid "" +":gh:`110489`: Optimise :func:`math.ceil` when the input is exactly a float, " +"resulting in about a 10% improvement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6539 +msgid "" +":gh:`110455`: Guard ``assert(tstate->thread_id > 0)`` with ``#ifndef " +"HAVE_PTHREAD_STUBS``. This allows for for pydebug builds to work under WASI " +"which (currently) lacks thread support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6543 +msgid "" +":gh:`110309`: Remove unnecessary empty constant nodes in the ast of f-string" +" specs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6546 +msgid "" +":gh:`110259`: Correctly identify the format spec in f-strings (with single " +"or triple quotes) that have multiple lines in the expression part and " +"include a formatting spec. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6550 +msgid "" +":gh:`110237`: Fix missing error checks for calls to ``PyList_Append`` in " +"``_PyEval_MatchClass``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6553 +msgid "" +":gh:`110164`: regrtest: If the ``SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`` environment variable is" +" defined, regrtest now disables tests randomization. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6557 +msgid "" +":gh:`109889`: Fix the compiler's redundant NOP detection algorithm to skip " +"over NOPs with no line number when looking for the next instruction's " +"lineno." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6561 +msgid "" +":gh:`109853`: ``sys.path[0]`` is now set correctly for subinterpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6563 +msgid "" +":gh:`109923`: Set line number on the ``POP_TOP`` that follows a " +"``RETURN_GENERATOR``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6566 +msgid "" +":gh:`105716`: Subinterpreters now correctly handle the case where they have " +"threads running in the background. Before, such threads would interfere " +"with cleaning up and destroying them, as well as prevent running another " +"script." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6571 +msgid "" +":gh:`109369`: The internal eval_breaker and supporting flags, plus the " +"monitoring version have been merged into a single atomic integer to speed up" +" checks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6575 +msgid "" +":gh:`109823`: Fix bug where compiler does not adjust labels when removing an" +" empty basic block which is a jump target." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6578 +msgid "" +":gh:`109793`: The main thread no longer exits prematurely when a " +"subinterpreter is cleaned up during runtime finalization. The bug was a " +"problem particularly because, when triggered, the Python process would " +"always return with a 0 exitcode, even if it failed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6583 +msgid "" +":gh:`109719`: Fix missing jump target labels when compiler reorders " +"cold/warm blocks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6586 +msgid "" +":gh:`109595`: Add :option:`-X cpu_count <-X>` command line option to " +"override return results of :func:`os.cpu_count` and " +":func:`os.process_cpu_count`. This option is useful for users who need to " +"limit CPU resources of a container system without having to modify the " +"container (application code). Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6592 +msgid "" +":gh:`109627`: Fix bug where the compiler does not assign a new jump target " +"label to a duplicated small exit block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6595 +msgid "" +":gh:`109596`: Fix some tokens in the grammar that were incorrectly marked as" +" soft keywords. Also fix some repeated rule names and ensure that repeated " +"rules are not allowed. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6599 +msgid "" +":gh:`109496`: On a Python built in debug mode, :c:func:`Py_DECREF()` now " +"calls ``_Py_NegativeRefcount()`` if the object is a dangling pointer to " +"deallocated memory: memory filled with ``0xDD`` \"dead byte\" by the debug " +"hook on memory allocators. The fix is to check the reference count *before* " +"checking for ``_Py_IsImmortal()``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6605 +msgid "" +":gh:`107265`: Deopt opcodes hidden by the executor when base opcode is " +"needed" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6607 +msgid "" +":gh:`109371`: Deopted instructions correctly for tool initialization and " +"modified the incorrect assertion in instrumentation, when a previous tool " +"already sets INSTRUCTION events" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6611 +msgid "" +":gh:`105658`: Fix bug where the line trace of an except block ending with a " +"conditional includes an excess event with the line of the conditional " +"expression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6615 +msgid "" +":gh:`109219`: Fix compiling type param scopes that use a name which is also " +"free in an inner scope." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6618 +msgid "" +":gh:`109351`: Fix crash when compiling an invalid AST involving a named " +"(walrus) expression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6621 +msgid "" +":gh:`109341`: Fix crash when compiling an invalid AST involving a " +":class:`ast.TypeAlias`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6624 +msgid "" +":gh:`109195`: Fix source location for the ``LOAD_*`` instruction preceding a" +" ``LOAD_SUPER_ATTR`` to load the ``super`` global (or shadowing variable) so" +" that it encompasses only the name ``super`` and not the following " +"parentheses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6629 +msgid "" +":gh:`109256`: Opcode IDs for specialized opcodes are allocated in their own " +"range to improve stability of the IDs for the 'real' opcodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6632 +msgid ":gh:`109216`: Fix possible memory leak in :opcode:`BUILD_MAP`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6634 +msgid "" +":gh:`109207`: Fix a SystemError in ``__repr__`` of symtable entry object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6636 +msgid "" +":gh:`109179`: Fix bug where the C traceback display drops notes from " +":exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6639 +msgid "" +":gh:`109118`: Disallow nested scopes (lambdas, generator expressions, and " +"comprehensions) within PEP 695 annotation scopes that are nested within " +"classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6643 +msgid "" +":gh:`109156`: Add tests for de-instrumenting instructions while keeping the " +"instrumentation for lines" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6646 +msgid "" +":gh:`109114`: Relax the detection of the error message for invalid lambdas " +"inside f-strings to not search for arbitrary replacement fields to avoid " +"false positives. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6650 +msgid "" +":gh:`105848`: Add a new :opcode:`CALL_KW` opcode, used for calls containing " +"keyword arguments. Also, fix a possible crash when jumping over method calls" +" in a debugger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6654 +msgid "" +":gh:`109052`: Use the base opcode when comparing code objects to avoid " +"interference from instrumentation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6657 +msgid "" +":gh:`109118`: Fix interpreter crash when a NameError is raised inside the " +"type parameters of a generic class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6660 +msgid "" +":gh:`88943`: Improve syntax error for non-ASCII character that follows a " +"numerical literal. It now points on the invalid non-ASCII character, not on " +"the valid numerical literal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6664 +msgid "" +":gh:`108976`: Fix crash that occurs after de-instrumenting a code object in " +"a monitoring callback." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6667 +msgid "" +":gh:`108732`: Make iteration variables of module- and class-scoped " +"comprehensions visible to pdb and other tools that use ``frame.f_locals`` " +"again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6671 +msgid "" +":gh:`108959`: Fix caret placement for error locations for subscript and " +"binary operations that involve non-semantic parentheses and spaces. Patch by" +" Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6675 +msgid "" +":gh:`104584`: Fix a crash when running with :envvar:`PYTHONUOPS` or " +":option:`-X uops <-X>` enabled and an error occurs during optimization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6678 +msgid "" +":gh:`108727`: Define ``tp_dealloc`` for ``CounterOptimizer_Type``. This " +"fixes a segfault on deallocation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6681 +msgid "" +":gh:`108520`: Fix :meth:`multiprocessing.synchronize.SemLock.__setstate__` " +"to properly initialize " +":attr:`multiprocessing.synchronize.SemLock._is_fork_ctx`. This fixes a " +"regression when passing a SemLock across nested processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6686 +msgid "" +"Rename :attr:`multiprocessing.synchronize.SemLock.is_fork_ctx` to " +":attr:`multiprocessing.synchronize.SemLock._is_fork_ctx` to avoid exposing " +"it as public API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6690 +msgid "" +":gh:`108654`: Restore locals shadowed by an inlined comprehension if the " +"comprehension raises an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6693 +msgid "" +":gh:`108488`: Change the initialization of inline cache entries so that the " +"cache entry for ``JUMP_BACKWARD`` is initialized to zero, instead of the " +"``adaptive_counter_warmup()`` value used for all other instructions. This " +"counter, unique among instructions, counts up from zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6698 +msgid "" +":gh:`108716`: Turn off deep-freezing of code objects. Modules are still " +"frozen, so that a file system search is not needed for common modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6701 +msgid "" +":gh:`108614`: Add RESUME_CHECK instruction, to avoid having to handle " +"instrumentation, signals, and contexts switches in the tier 2 execution " +"engine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6705 +msgid "" +":gh:`108487`: Move an assert that would cause a spurious crash in a devious " +"case that should only trigger deoptimization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6708 +msgid "" +":gh:`106176`: Use a ``WeakValueDictionary`` to track the lists containing " +"the modules each thread is currently importing. This helps avoid a reference" +" leak from keeping the list around longer than necessary. Weakrefs are used " +"as GC can't interrupt the cleanup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6713 +msgid "" +":gh:`105481`: The regen-opcode build stage was removed and its work is now " +"done in regen-cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6716 +msgid "" +":gh:`107901`: Fix missing line number on :opcode:`JUMP_BACKWARD` at the end " +"of a for loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6719 +msgid "" +":gh:`108113`: The :func:`compile` built-in can now accept a new flag, " +"``ast.PyCF_OPTIMIZED_AST``, which is similar to ``ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST`` except" +" that the returned ``AST`` is optimized according to the value of the " +"``optimize`` argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6724 +msgid "" +":func:`ast.parse` now accepts an optional argument ``optimize`` which is " +"passed on to the :func:`compile` built-in. This makes it possible to obtain " +"an optimized ``AST``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6728 +msgid "" +":gh:`107971`: Opcode IDs are generated from bytecodes.c instead of being " +"hard coded in opcode.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6731 +msgid "" +":gh:`107944`: Improve error message for function calls with bad keyword " +"arguments. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6734 +msgid "" +":gh:`108390`: Raise an exception when setting a non-local event (``RAISE``, " +"``EXCEPTION_HANDLED``, etc.) in ``sys.monitoring.set_local_events``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6737 +msgid "Fixes crash when tracing in recursive calls to Python classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6739 +msgid "" +":gh:`108035`: Remove the ``_PyCFrame`` struct, moving the pointer to the " +"current interpreter frame back to the threadstate, as it was for 3.10 and " +"earlier. The ``_PyCFrame`` existed as a performance optimization for " +"tracing. Since PEP 669 has been implemented, this optimization no longer " +"applies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6745 +msgid "" +":gh:`91051`: Fix abort / segfault when using all eight type watcher slots, " +"on platforms where ``char`` is signed by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6748 +msgid "" +":gh:`106581`: Fix possible assertion failures and missing instrumentation " +"events when :envvar:`PYTHONUOPS` or :option:`-X uops <-X>` is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6751 +msgid "" +":gh:`107526`: Revert converting ``vars``, ``dir``, ``next``, ``getattr``, " +"and ``iter`` to argument clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6754 +msgid "" +":gh:`84805`: Autogenerate signature for :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` and " +":c:macro:`METH_O` extension functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6757 +msgid "" +":gh:`107758`: Make the ``dump_stack()`` routine used by the ``lltrace`` " +"feature (low-level interpreter debugging) robust against recursion by " +"ensuring that it never calls a ``__repr__`` method implemented in Python. " +"Also make the similar output for Tier-2 uops appear on ``stdout`` (instead " +"of ``stderr``), to match the ``lltrace`` code in ceval.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6763 +msgid "" +":gh:`107659`: Add docstrings for :func:`ctypes.pointer` and " +":func:`ctypes.POINTER`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6766 +msgid "" +":gh:`105848`: Modify the bytecode so that the actual callable for a " +":opcode:`CALL` is at a consistent position on the stack (regardless of " +"whether or not bound-method-calling optimizations are active)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6770 +msgid ":gh:`107674`: Fixed performance regression in ``sys.settrace``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6772 +msgid "" +":gh:`107724`: In pre-release versions of 3.12, up to rc1, the sys.monitoring" +" callback function for the ``PY_THROW`` event was missing the third, " +"exception argument. That is now fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6776 +msgid "" +":gh:`84436`: Skip reference count modifications for many known immortal " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6779 +msgid "" +":gh:`107596`: Specialize subscripting :class:`str` objects by :class:`int` " +"indexes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6782 +msgid "" +":gh:`107080`: Trace refs builds (``--with-trace-refs``) were crashing when " +"used with isolated subinterpreters. The problematic global state has been " +"isolated to each interpreter. Other fixing the crashes, this change does " +"not affect users." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6787 +msgid "" +":gh:`107557`: Generate the cases needed for the barebones tier 2 abstract " +"interpreter for optimization passes in CPython." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6790 +msgid ":gh:`106608`: Make ``_PyUOpExecutorObject`` variable length." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6792 +msgid "" +":gh:`100964`: Clear generators' exception state after ``return`` to break " +"reference cycles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6795 +msgid "" +":gh:`107455`: Improve error messages when converting an incompatible type to" +" :class:`ctypes.c_char_p`, :class:`ctypes.c_wchar_p` and " +":class:`ctypes.c_void_p`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6799 +msgid "" +":gh:`107263`: Increase C recursion limit for functions other than the main " +"interpreter from 800 to 1500. This should allow functions like " +"``list.__repr__`` and ``json.dumps`` to handle all the inputs that they " +"could prior to 3.12" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6804 +msgid "" +":gh:`104584`: Fix an issue which caused incorrect inline caches to be read " +"when running with :envvar:`PYTHONUOPS` or :option:`-X uops <-X>` enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6807 +msgid "" +":gh:`104432`: Fix potential unaligned memory access on C APIs involving " +"returned sequences of ``char *`` pointers within the :mod:`grp` and " +":mod:`socket` modules. These were revealed using a ``-fsaniziter=alignment``" +" build on ARM macOS. Patch by Christopher Chavez." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6812 +msgid "" +":gh:`106078`: Isolate :mod:`!_decimal` (apply :pep:`687`). Patch by Charlie " +"Zhao." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6815 +msgid "" +":gh:`106898`: Add the exception as the third argument to ``PY_UNIND`` " +"callbacks in ``sys.monitoring``. This makes the ``PY_UNWIND`` callback " +"consistent with the other exception handling callbacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6819 +msgid "" +":gh:`106895`: Raise a ``ValueError`` when a monitoring callback function " +"returns ``DISABLE`` for events that cannot be disabled locally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6822 +msgid "" +":gh:`106897`: Add a ``RERAISE`` event to ``sys.monitoring``, which occurs " +"when an exception is reraise, either explicitly by a plain ``raise`` " +"statement, or implicitly in an ``except`` or ``finally`` block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6826 +msgid "" +":gh:`77377`: Ensure that multiprocessing synchronization objects created in " +"a fork context are not sent to a different process created in a spawn " +"context. This changes a segfault into an actionable RuntimeError in the " +"parent process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6831 +msgid "" +":gh:`106931`: Statically allocated string objects are now interned globally " +"instead of per-interpreter. This fixes a situation where such a string " +"would only be interned in a single interpreter. Normal string objects are " +"unaffected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6836 +msgid ":gh:`104621`: Unsupported modules now always fail to be imported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6838 +msgid "" +":gh:`107122`: Add :meth:`dbm.ndbm.ndbm.clear` to :mod:`dbm.ndbm`. Patch By " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6841 +msgid "" +":gh:`107122`: Add :meth:`dbm.gnu.gdbm.clear` to :mod:`dbm.gnu`. Patch By " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6844 +msgid "" +":gh:`107015`: The ASYNC and AWAIT tokens are removed from the Grammar, which" +" removes the possibility of making ``async`` and ``await`` soft keywords " +"when using ``feature_version<7`` in :func:`ast.parse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6848 +msgid "" +":gh:`106917`: Fix classmethod-style :func:`super` method calls (i.e., where " +"the second argument to :func:`super`, or the implied second argument drawn " +"from ``self/cls`` in the case of zero-arg super, is a type) when the target " +"of the call is not a classmethod." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6853 +msgid "" +":gh:`105699`: Python no longer crashes due an infrequent race when " +"initializing per-interpreter interned strings. The crash would manifest " +"when the interpreter was finalized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6857 +msgid "" +":gh:`105699`: Python no longer crashes due to an infrequent race in setting " +"``Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`` and ``Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`` " +"(both deprecated), when simultaneously initializing two isolated " +"subinterpreters. Now they are only set during runtime initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6862 +msgid "" +":gh:`106908`: Fix various hangs, reference leaks, test failures, and " +"tracing/introspection bugs when running with :envvar:`PYTHONUOPS` or " +":option:`-X uops <-X>` enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6866 +msgid "" +":gh:`106092`: Fix a segmentation fault caused by a use-after-free bug in " +"``frame_dealloc`` when the trashcan delays the deallocation of a " +"``PyFrameObject``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6870 +msgid "" +":gh:`106485`: Reduce the number of materialized instances dictionaries by " +"dematerializing them when possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6873 +msgid "" +":gh:`106719`: No longer suppress arbitrary errors in the ``__annotations__``" +" getter and setter in the type and module types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6876 +msgid "" +":gh:`106723`: Propagate ``frozen_modules`` to multiprocessing spawned " +"process interpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6879 +msgid ":gh:`104909`: Split :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE` into micro-ops." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6881 +msgid "" +":gh:`104909`: Split :opcode:`LOAD_GLOBAL` specializations into micro-ops." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6883 +msgid "" +":gh:`106597`: A new debug structure of offsets has been added to the " +"``_PyRuntimeState`` that will help out-of-process debuggers and profilers to" +" obtain the offsets to relevant interpreter structures in a way that is " +"agnostic of how Python was compiled and that doesn't require copying the " +"headers. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6889 +msgid "" +":gh:`106487`: Allow the *count* argument of :meth:`str.replace` to be a " +"keyword. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6892 +msgid "" +":gh:`96844`: Improve error message of :meth:`list.remove`. Patch by Donghee " +"Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6895 +msgid "" +":gh:`81283`: Compiler now strips indents from docstrings. It reduces ``pyc``" +" file size 5% when the module is heavily documented. This change affects to " +"``__doc__`` so tools like doctest will be affected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6899 +msgid "" +":gh:`106396`: When the format specification of an f-string expression is " +"empty, the parser now generates an empty :class:`ast.JoinedStr` node for it " +"instead of an one-element :class:`ast.JoinedStr` with an empty string " +":class:`ast.Constant`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6904 +msgid "" +":gh:`100288`: Specialize :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR` for non-descriptors on the " +"class. Adds :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES` and " +":opcode:`LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6908 +msgid "" +":gh:`106008`: Fix possible reference leaks when failing to optimize " +"comparisons with :const:`None` in the bytecode compiler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6911 +msgid "" +":gh:`106145`: Make ``end_lineno`` and ``end_col_offset`` required on " +"``type_param`` ast nodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6914 +msgid "" +":gh:`106213`: Changed the way that Emscripten call trampolines work for " +"compatibility with Wasm/JS Promise integration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6917 +msgid "" +":gh:`106182`: :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` and " +":mod:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors` now return interned Unicode object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6920 +msgid "" +":gh:`106210`: Removed Emscripten import trampoline as it was no longer " +"necessary for Pyodide." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6923 +msgid "" +":gh:`104584`: Added a new, experimental, tracing optimizer and interpreter " +"(a.k.a. \"tier 2\"). This currently pessimizes, so don't use yet -- this is " +"infrastructure so we can experiment with optimizing passes. To enable it, " +"pass ``-Xuops`` or set ``PYTHONUOPS=1``. To get debug output, set " +"``PYTHONUOPSDEBUG=N`` where ``N`` is a debug level (0-4, where 0 is no debug" +" output and 4 is excessively verbose)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6930 +msgid ":gh:`105775`: :opcode:`LOAD_CLOSURE` is now a pseudo-op." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6932 +msgid "" +":gh:`105730`: Allow any callable other than type objects as the condition " +"predicate in :meth:`BaseExceptionGroup.split` and " +":meth:`BaseExceptionGroup.subgroup`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6936 +msgid "" +":gh:`105979`: Fix crash in :func:`!_imp.get_frozen_object` due to improper " +"exception handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6939 +msgid "" +":gh:`106003`: Add a new :opcode:`TO_BOOL` instruction, which performs " +"boolean conversions for :opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE`, " +":opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE`, and :opcode:`UNARY_NOT` (which all expect exact" +" :class:`bool` values now). Also, modify the oparg of :opcode:`COMPARE_OP` " +"to include an optional \"boolean conversion\" flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6945 +msgid "" +":gh:`98931`: Ensure custom :exc:`SyntaxError` error messages are raised for " +"invalid imports with multiple targets. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6948 +msgid "" +":gh:`105724`: Improve ``assert`` error messages by providing exact error " +"range." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6951 +msgid "" +":gh:`105908`: Fixed bug where :gh:`99111` breaks future import " +"``barry_as_FLUFL`` in the Python REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6954 +msgid "" +":gh:`105840`: Fix possible crashes when specializing function calls with too" +" many ``__defaults__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6957 +msgid "" +":gh:`105831`: Fix an f-string bug, where using a debug expression (the ``=``" +" sign) that appears in the last line of a file results to the debug buffer " +"that holds the expression text being one character too small." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6961 +msgid "" +":gh:`105800`: Correctly issue :exc:`SyntaxWarning` in f-strings if invalid " +"sequences are used. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6964 +msgid "" +":gh:`105340`: Include the comprehension iteration variable in ``locals()`` " +"inside a module- or class-scope comprehension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6967 +msgid "" +":gh:`105331`: Raise :exc:`ValueError` if the ``delay`` argument to " +":func:`asyncio.sleep` is a NaN (matching :func:`time.sleep`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6970 +msgid "" +":gh:`105587`: The runtime can't guarantee that immortal objects will not be " +"mutated by Extensions. Thus, this modifies _PyStaticObject_CheckRefcnt to " +"warn instead of asserting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6974 +msgid "" +":gh:`105564`: Don't include artificil newlines in the ``line`` attribute of " +"tokens in the APIs of the :mod:`tokenize` module. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6977 +msgid "" +":gh:`105549`: Tokenize separately ``NUMBER`` and ``NAME`` tokens that are " +"not ambiguous. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6980 +msgid "" +":gh:`105588`: Fix an issue that could result in crashes when compiling " +"malformed :mod:`ast` nodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6983 +msgid "" +":gh:`100987`: Allow objects other than code objects as the \"executable\" in" +" internal frames. In the long term, this can help tools like Cython and " +"PySpy interact more efficiently. In the shorter term, it allows us to " +"perform some optimizations more simply." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6988 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in the :mod:`builtins` module where exceptions could " +"end up being overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6991 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bug in the compiler where an exception could end up being " +"overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6994 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Improve error handling in :c:func:`PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap`" +" where an exception could end up being overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:6997 +msgid "" +":gh:`105486`: Change the repr of ``ParamSpec`` list of args in " +"``types.GenericAlias``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7000 +msgid "" +":gh:`105678`: Break the ``MAKE_FUNCTION`` instruction into two parts, " +"``MAKE_FUNCTION`` which makes the function and ``SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE`` " +"which sets the attributes on the function. This makes the stack effect of " +"``MAKE_FUNCTION`` regular to ease optimization and code generation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7005 +msgid "" +":gh:`105435`: Fix spurious newline character if file ends on a comment " +"without a newline. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7008 +msgid "" +":gh:`105390`: Correctly raise :exc:`tokenize.TokenError` exceptions instead " +"of :exc:`SyntaxError` for tokenize errors such as incomplete input. Patch by" +" Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7012 +msgid "" +":gh:`105259`: Don't include newline character for trailing ``NEWLINE`` " +"tokens emitted in the :mod:`tokenize` module. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7015 +msgid "" +":gh:`104635`: Eliminate redundant :opcode:`STORE_FAST` instructions in the " +"compiler. Patch by Donghee Na and Carl Meyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7018 +msgid "" +":gh:`105324`: Fix the main function of the :mod:`tokenize` module when " +"reading from ``sys.stdin``. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7021 +msgid "" +":gh:`33092`: Simplify and speed up interpreter for f-strings. Removes " +"``FORMAT_VALUE`` opcode. Add ``CONVERT_VALUE``, ``FORMAT_SIMPLE`` and " +"``FORMAT_WITH_SPEC`` opcode. Compiler emits more efficient sequence for each" +" format expression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7026 +msgid "" +":gh:`105229`: Remove remaining two-codeunit superinstructions. All remaining" +" superinstructions only take a single codeunit, simplifying instrumentation " +"and quickening." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7030 +msgid "" +":gh:`105235`: Prevent out-of-bounds memory access during ``mmap.find()`` " +"calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7033 +msgid "" +":gh:`98963`: Restore the ability for a subclass of :class:`property` to " +"define ``__slots__`` or otherwise be dict-less by ignoring failures to set a" +" docstring on such a class. This behavior had regressed in 3.12beta1. An " +":exc:`AttributeError` where there had not previously been one was disruptive" +" to existing code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7039 +msgid "" +":gh:`104812`: The \"pending call\" machinery now works for all interpreters," +" not just the main interpreter, and runs in all threads, not just the main " +"thread. Some calls are still only done in the main thread, ergo in the main " +"interpreter. This change does not affect signal handling nor the existing " +"public C-API (``Py_AddPendingCall()``), which both still only target the " +"main thread. The new functionality is meant strictly for internal use for " +"now, since consequences of its use are not well understood yet outside some " +"very restricted cases. This change brings the capability in line with the " +"intention when the state was made per-interpreter several years ago." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7050 +msgid "" +":gh:`105194`: Do not escape with backslashes f-string format specifiers. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7053 +msgid "" +":gh:`105229`: Replace some dynamic superinstructions with single instruction" +" equivalents." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7056 +msgid "" +":gh:`105162`: Fixed bug in generator.close()/throw() where an inner iterator" +" would be ignored when the outer iterator was instrumented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7059 +msgid "" +":gh:`105164`: Ensure annotations are set up correctly if the only annotation" +" in a block is within a :keyword:`match` block. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7062 +msgid "" +":gh:`105148`: Make ``_PyASTOptimizeState`` internal to ast_opt.c. Make " +"``_PyAST_Optimize`` take two integers instead of a pointer to this struct. " +"This avoids the need to include pycore_compile.h in ast_opt.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7066 +msgid "" +":gh:`104799`: Attributes of :mod:`ast` nodes that are lists now default to " +"the empty list if omitted. This means that some code that previously raised " +":exc:`TypeError` when the AST node was used will now proceed with the empty " +"list instead. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7071 +msgid "" +":gh:`105111`: Remove the old trashcan macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN`` and " +"``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``. They should be replaced by the new macros " +"``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` and ``Py_TRASHCAN_END``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7075 +msgid "" +":gh:`105035`: Fix :func:`super` calls on types with custom " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_getattro` implementation (e.g. meta-types.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7078 +msgid "" +":gh:`105017`: Show CRLF lines in the tokenize string attribute in both NL " +"and NEWLINE tokens. Patch by Marta Gómez." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7081 +msgid "" +":gh:`105013`: Fix handling of multiline parenthesized lambdas in " +":func:`inspect.getsource`. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7084 +msgid "" +":gh:`105017`: Do not include an additional final ``NL`` token when parsing " +"files having CRLF lines. Patch by Marta Gómez." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7087 +msgid "" +":gh:`104976`: Ensure that trailing ``DEDENT`` :class:`tokenize.TokenInfo` " +"objects emitted by the :mod:`tokenize` module are reported as in Python " +"3.11. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7091 +msgid "" +":gh:`104972`: Ensure that the ``line`` attribute in " +":class:`tokenize.TokenInfo` objects in the :mod:`tokenize` module are always" +" correct. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7095 +msgid "" +":gh:`104955`: Fix signature for the new :meth:`~object.__release_buffer__` " +"slot. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7098 +msgid "" +":gh:`104690`: Starting new threads and process creation through " +":func:`os.fork` during interpreter shutdown (such as from :mod:`atexit` " +"handlers) is no longer supported. It can lead to race condition between the" +" main Python runtime thread freeing thread states while internal " +":mod:`threading` routines are trying to allocate and use the state of just " +"created threads. Or forked children trying to use the mid-shutdown runtime " +"and thread state in the child process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7106 +msgid "" +":gh:`104879`: Fix crash when accessing the ``__module__`` attribute of type " +"aliases defined outside a module. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7109 +msgid "" +":gh:`104825`: Tokens emitted by the :mod:`tokenize` module do not include an" +" implicit ``\\n`` character in the ``line`` attribute anymore. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7113 +msgid "" +":gh:`104770`: If a generator returns a value upon being closed, the value is" +" now returned by :meth:`generator.close`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7116 +msgid "" +":gh:`89091`: Raise :exc:`RuntimeWarning` for unawaited async generator " +"methods like :meth:`~agen.asend`, :meth:`~agen.athrow` and " +":meth:`~agen.aclose`. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7120 +msgid "" +":gh:`96663`: Add a better, more introspect-able error message when setting " +"attributes on classes without a ``__dict__`` and no slot member for the " +"attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7124 +msgid "" +":gh:`93627`: Update the Python pickle module implementation to match the C " +"implementation of the pickle module. For objects setting reduction methods " +"like :meth:`~object.__reduce_ex__` or :meth:`~object.__reduce__` to " +"``None``, pickling will result in a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7129 +msgid ":gh:`101006`: Improve error handling when read :mod:`marshal` data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7131 +msgid "" +":gh:`91095`: Specializes calls to most Python classes. Specifically, any " +"class that inherits from ``object``, or another Python class, and does not " +"override ``__new__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7135 +msgid "The specialized instruction does the following:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7137 +msgid "Creates the object (by calling ``object.__new__``)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7138 +msgid "Pushes a shim frame to the frame stack (to cleanup after ``__init__``)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7139 +msgid "Pushes the frame for ``__init__`` to the frame stack" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7141 +msgid "Speeds up the instantiation of most Python classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7146 +msgid "" +":gh:`110786`: :mod:`sysconfig`'s CLI now ignores :exc:`BrokenPipeError`, " +"making it exit normally if its output is being piped and the pipe closes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7149 +msgid "" +":gh:`103480`: The :mod:`sysconfig` module is now a package, instead of a " +"single-file module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7152 +msgid "" +":gh:`110733`: Micro-optimization: Avoid calling ``min()``, ``max()`` in " +":meth:`BaseEventLoop._run_once`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7155 +msgid "" +":gh:`94597`: Added :class:`asyncio.EventLoop` for use with the " +":func:`asyncio.run` *loop_factory* kwarg to avoid calling the asyncio policy" +" system." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7159 +msgid "" +":gh:`110682`: :func:`runtime-checkable protocols `" +" used to consider ``__match_args__`` a protocol member in " +"``__instancecheck__`` if it was present on the protocol. Now, this attribute" +" is ignored if it is present." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7164 +msgid "" +":gh:`110488`: Fix a couple of issues in :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_name`: " +"a single dot was incorrectly considered a valid name, and in " +":class:`PureWindowsPath`, a name with an NTFS alternate data stream, like " +"``a:b``, was incorrectly considered invalid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7169 +msgid "" +":gh:`110590`: Fix a bug in :meth:`!_sre.compile` where :exc:`TypeError` " +"would be overwritten by :exc:`OverflowError` when the *code* argument was a " +"list of non-ints." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7173 +msgid "" +":gh:`65052`: Prevent :mod:`pdb` from crashing when trying to display " +"undisplayable objects" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7176 +msgid "" +":gh:`110519`: Deprecation warning about non-integer number in :mod:`gettext`" +" now always refers to the line in the user code where gettext function or " +"method is used. Previously it could refer to a line in ``gettext`` code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7180 +msgid "" +":gh:`89902`: Deprecate non-standard format specifier \"N\" for " +":class:`decimal.Decimal`. It was not documented and only supported in the C " +"implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7184 +msgid "" +":gh:`110378`: :func:`~contextlib.contextmanager` and " +":func:`~contextlib.asynccontextmanager` context managers now close an " +"invalid underlying generator object that yields more then one value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7188 +msgid "" +":gh:`106670`: In :mod:`pdb`, set convenience variable ``$_exception`` for " +"post mortem debugging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7191 +msgid "" +":gh:`110365`: Fix :func:`termios.tcsetattr` bug that was overwriting " +"existing errors during parsing integers from ``term`` list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7194 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Slightly improve the import time of several standard-library " +"modules by deferring imports of :mod:`warnings` within those modules. Patch " +"by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7198 +msgid "" +":gh:`110273`: :func:`dataclasses.replace` now raises TypeError instead of " +"ValueError if specify keyword argument for a field declared with init=False " +"or miss keyword argument for required InitVar field." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7202 +msgid ":gh:`110249`: Add ``--inline-caches`` flag to ``dis`` command line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7204 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Fix a Python 3.12 regression in the import time of " +":mod:`random`. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7207 +msgid "" +":gh:`110222`: Add support of struct sequence objects in " +":func:`copy.replace`. Patched by Xuehai Pan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7210 +msgid "" +":gh:`109649`: :mod:`multiprocessing`, :mod:`concurrent.futures`, " +":mod:`compileall`: Replace :func:`os.cpu_count` with " +":func:`os.process_cpu_count` to select the default number of worker threads " +"and processes. Get the CPU affinity if supported. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7216 +msgid "" +":gh:`110150`: Fix base case handling in statistics.quantiles. Now allows a " +"single data point." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7219 +msgid "" +":gh:`110036`: On Windows, multiprocessing ``Popen.terminate()`` now catches " +":exc:`PermissionError` and get the process exit code. If the process is " +"still running, raise again the :exc:`PermissionError`. Otherwise, the " +"process terminated as expected: store its exit code. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7225 +msgid "" +":gh:`110038`: Fixed an issue that caused :meth:`KqueueSelector.select` to " +"not return all the ready events in some cases when a file descriptor is " +"registered for both read and write." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7229 +msgid "" +":gh:`110045`: Update the :mod:`symtable` module to support the new scopes " +"introduced by :pep:`695`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7232 +msgid "" +":gh:`88402`: Add new variables to :py:meth:`sysconfig.get_config_vars` on " +"Windows: ``LIBRARY``, ``LDLIBRARY``, ``LIBDIR``, ``SOABI``, and " +"``Py_NOGIL``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7236 +msgid "" +":gh:`109631`: :mod:`re` functions such as :func:`re.findall`, " +":func:`re.split`, :func:`re.search` and :func:`re.sub` which perform short " +"repeated matches can now be interrupted by user." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7240 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Reduce the import time of :mod:`email.utils` by around 43%. " +"This results in the import time of :mod:`email.message` falling by around " +"18%, which in turn reduces the import time of :mod:`importlib.metadata` by " +"around 6%. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7245 +msgid "" +":gh:`109818`: Fix :func:`reprlib.recursive_repr` not copying " +"``__type_params__`` from decorated function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7248 +msgid "" +":gh:`109047`: :mod:`concurrent.futures`: The *executor manager thread* now " +"catches exceptions when adding an item to the *call queue*. During Python " +"finalization, creating a new thread can now raise :exc:`RuntimeError`. Catch" +" the exception and call ``terminate_broken()`` in this case. Patch by Victor" +" Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7254 +msgid "" +":gh:`109782`: Ensure the signature of :func:`os.path.isdir` is identical on " +"all platforms. Patch by Amin Alaee." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7257 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Improve import time of :mod:`functools` by around 13%. Patch " +"by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7260 +msgid "" +":gh:`109590`: :func:`shutil.which` will prefer files with an extension in " +"``PATHEXT`` if the given mode includes ``os.X_OK`` on win32. If no " +"``PATHEXT`` match is found, a file without an extension in ``PATHEXT`` can " +"be returned. This change will have :func:`shutil.which` act more similarly " +"to previous behavior in Python 3.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7266 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Reduce the import time of :mod:`enum` by over 50%. Patch by " +"Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7269 +msgid "" +":gh:`109593`: Avoid deadlocking on a reentrant call to the multiprocessing " +"resource tracker. Such a reentrant call, though unlikely, can happen if a GC" +" pass invokes the finalizer for a multiprocessing object such as SemLock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7274 +msgid "" +":gh:`109653`: Reduce the import time of :mod:`typing` by around a third. " +"Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7277 +msgid "" +":gh:`109649`: Add :func:`os.process_cpu_count` function to get the number of" +" logical CPUs usable by the calling thread of the current process. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7281 +msgid "" +":gh:`74481`: Add ``set_error_mode`` related constants in ``msvcrt`` module " +"in Python debug build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7284 +msgid "" +":gh:`109613`: Fix :func:`os.stat` and :meth:`os.DirEntry.stat`: check for " +"exceptions. Previously, on Python built in debug mode, these functions could" +" trigger a fatal Python error (and abort the process) when a function " +"succeeded with an exception set. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7289 +msgid "" +":gh:`109599`: Expose the type of PyCapsule objects as ``types.CapsuleType``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7297 +msgid ":gh:`109559`: Update :mod:`unicodedata` database to Unicode 15.1.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7299 +msgid "" +":gh:`109543`: Remove unnecessary :func:`hasattr` check during " +":data:`typing.TypedDict` creation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7302 +msgid "" +":gh:`109495`: Remove unnecessary extra ``__slots__`` in " +":class:`~datetime.datetime`\\'s pure python implementation to reduce memory " +"size, as they are defined in the superclass. Patch by James Hilton-Balfe" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7306 +msgid "" +":gh:`109461`: :mod:`logging`: Use a context manager for lock acquisition." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7308 +msgid "" +":gh:`109096`: :class:`http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler` has been deprecated" +" for removal in 3.15. Its design is old and the web world has long since " +"moved beyond CGI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7312 +msgid "" +":gh:`109409`: Fix error when it was possible to inherit a frozen dataclass " +"from multiple parents some of which were possibly not frozen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7315 +msgid "" +":gh:`109375`: The :mod:`pdb` ``alias`` command now prevents registering " +"aliases without arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7318 +msgid "" +":gh:`109319`: Deprecate the ``dis.HAVE_ARGUMENT`` field in favour of " +"``dis.hasarg``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7321 +msgid "" +":gh:`107219`: Fix a race condition in ``concurrent.futures``. When a process" +" in the process pool was terminated abruptly (while the future was running " +"or pending), close the connection write end. If the call queue is blocked on" +" sending bytes to a worker process, closing the connection write end " +"interrupts the send, so the queue can be closed. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7327 +msgid "" +":gh:`66143`: The :class:`codecs.CodecInfo` object has been made copyable and" +" pickleable. Patched by Robert Lehmann and Furkan Onder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7330 +msgid "" +":gh:`109187`: :meth:`pathlib.Path.resolve` now treats symlink loops like " +"other errors: in strict mode, :exc:`OSError` is raised, and in non-strict " +"mode, no exception is raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7334 +msgid "" +":gh:`50644`: Attempts to pickle or create a shallow or deep copy of " +":mod:`codecs` streams now raise a TypeError. Previously, copying failed with" +" a RecursionError, while pickling produced wrong results that eventually " +"caused unpickling to fail with a RecursionError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7339 +msgid "" +":gh:`109174`: Add support of :class:`types.SimpleNamespace` in " +":func:`copy.replace`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7342 +msgid "" +":gh:`109164`: :mod:`pdb`: Replace :mod:`getopt` with :mod:`argparse` for " +"parsing command line arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7345 +msgid "" +":gh:`109151`: Enable ``readline`` editing features in the :ref:`sqlite3 " +"command-line interface ` (``python -m sqlite3``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7348 +msgid "" +":gh:`108987`: Fix :func:`_thread.start_new_thread` race condition. If a " +"thread is created during Python finalization, the newly spawned thread now " +"exits immediately instead of trying to access freed memory and lead to a " +"crash. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7353 +msgid "" +":gh:`108682`: Enum: require ``names=()`` or ``type=...`` to create an empty " +"enum using the functional syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7356 +msgid "" +":gh:`109033`: Exceptions raised by os.utime builtin function now include the" +" related filename" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7359 +msgid "" +":gh:`108843`: Fix an issue in :func:`ast.unparse` when unparsing f-strings " +"containing many quote types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7362 +msgid "" +":gh:`108469`: :func:`ast.unparse` now supports new :term:`f-string` syntax " +"introduced in Python 3.12. Note that the :term:`f-string` quotes are " +"reselected for simplicity under the new syntax. (Patch by Steven Sun)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7366 +msgid "" +":gh:`108751`: Add :func:`copy.replace` function which allows to create a " +"modified copy of an object. It supports named tuples, dataclasses, and many " +"other objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7370 +msgid "" +":gh:`108682`: Enum: raise :exc:`TypeError` if ``super().__new__()`` is " +"called from a custom ``__new__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7373 +msgid "" +":gh:`108278`: Deprecate passing the callback callable by keyword for the " +"following :class:`sqlite3.Connection` APIs:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7376 +msgid ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`" +msgstr ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`" + +#: ../NEWS:7377 +msgid ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler`" +msgstr ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler`" + +#: ../NEWS:7378 +msgid ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback`" +msgstr ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback`" + +#: ../NEWS:7380 ../NEWS:7414 +msgid "The affected parameters will become positional-only in Python 3.15." +msgstr "受影响的形参将在 Python 3.15 中成为仅限位置形参。" + +#: ../NEWS:7382 ../NEWS:7416 ../NEWS:13334 ../NEWS:17146 ../NEWS:18980 +#: ../NEWS:19085 +msgid "Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7384 +msgid ":gh:`105829`: Fix concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor deadlock" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7386 +msgid "" +":gh:`108295`: Fix crashes related to use of weakrefs on " +":data:`typing.TypeVar`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7389 +msgid ":gh:`108463`: Make expressions/statements work as expected in pdb" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7391 +msgid "" +":gh:`108277`: Add :func:`os.timerfd_create`, :func:`os.timerfd_settime`, " +":func:`os.timerfd_gettime`, :func:`os.timerfd_settime_ns`, and " +":func:`os.timerfd_gettime_ns` to provide a low level interface for Linux's " +"timer notification file descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7396 +msgid "" +":gh:`107811`: :mod:`tarfile`: extraction of members with overly large UID or" +" GID (e.g. on an OS with 32-bit :c:type:`!id_t`) now fails in the same way " +"as failing to set the ID." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7400 +msgid "" +":gh:`64662`: Fix support for virtual tables in " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.iterdump`. Patch by Aviv Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7403 +msgid "" +":gh:`108111`: Fix a regression introduced in :gh:`101251` for 3.12, " +"resulting in an incorrect offset calculation in :meth:`gzip.GzipFile.seek`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7406 +msgid ":gh:`108294`: :func:`time.sleep` now raises an auditing event." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7408 +msgid "" +":gh:`108278`: Deprecate passing name, number of arguments, and the callable " +"as keyword arguments, for the following :class:`sqlite3.Connection` APIs:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7411 +msgid ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_function`" +msgstr ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_function`" + +#: ../NEWS:7412 +msgid ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_aggregate`" +msgstr ":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_aggregate`" + +#: ../NEWS:7418 +msgid "" +":gh:`108322`: Speed-up NormalDist.samples() by using the inverse CDF method " +"instead of calling random.gauss()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7421 +msgid "" +":gh:`83417`: Add the ability for venv to create a ``.gitignore`` file which " +"causes the created environment to be ignored by Git. It is on by default " +"when venv is called via its CLI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7425 +msgid "" +":gh:`105736`: Harmonized the pure Python version of " +":class:`~collections.OrderedDict` with the C version. Now, both versions set" +" up their internal state in ``__new__``. Formerly, the pure Python version " +"did the set up in ``__init__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7430 +msgid "" +":gh:`108083`: Fix bugs in the constructor of :mod:`sqlite3.Connection` and " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.close` where exceptions could be leaked. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7434 +msgid "" +":gh:`107932`: Fix ``dis`` module to properly report and display bytecode " +"that do not have source lines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7437 +msgid "" +":gh:`105539`: :mod:`sqlite3` now emits an :exc:`ResourceWarning` if a " +":class:`sqlite3.Connection` object is not :meth:`closed " +"` explicitly. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7441 +msgid "" +":gh:`107995`: The ``__module__`` attribute on instances of " +":class:`functools.cached_property` is now set to the name of the module in " +"which the cached_property is defined, rather than \"functools\". This means " +"that doctests in ``cached_property`` docstrings are now properly collected " +"by the :mod:`doctest` module. Patch by Tyler Smart." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7447 +msgid "" +":gh:`107963`: Fix :func:`multiprocessing.set_forkserver_preload` to check " +"the given list of modules names. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7450 +msgid "" +":gh:`106242`: Fixes :func:`os.path.normpath` to handle embedded null " +"characters without truncating the path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7453 +msgid "" +":gh:`81555`: :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` now only quotes ``\"`` in attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7455 +msgid "" +":gh:`50002`: :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` now preserves whitespaces in attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7457 +msgid "" +":gh:`93057`: Passing more than one positional argument to " +":func:`sqlite3.connect` and the :class:`sqlite3.Connection` constructor is " +"deprecated. The remaining parameters will become keyword-only in Python " +"3.15. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7462 +msgid "" +":gh:`76913`: Add *merge_extra* parameter/feature to " +":class:`logging.LoggerAdapter`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7465 +msgid "" +":gh:`107913`: Fix possible losses of ``errno`` and ``winerror`` values in " +":exc:`OSError` exceptions if they were cleared or modified by the cleanup " +"code before creating the exception object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7469 +msgid "" +":gh:`107845`: :func:`tarfile.data_filter` now takes the location of symlinks" +" into account when determining their target, so it will no longer reject " +"some valid tarballs with ``LinkOutsideDestinationError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7473 +msgid ":gh:`107812`: Extend socket's netlink support to the FreeBSD platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7475 +msgid "" +":gh:`107805`: Fix signatures of module-level generated functions in " +":mod:`turtle`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7478 +msgid "" +":gh:`107782`: :mod:`pydoc` is now able to show signatures which are not " +"representable in Python, e.g. for ``getattr`` and ``dict.pop``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7481 +msgid "" +":gh:`56166`: Deprecate passing optional arguments *maxsplit*, *count* and " +"*flags* in module-level functions :func:`re.split`, :func:`re.sub` and " +":func:`re.subn` as positional. They should only be passed by keyword." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7485 +msgid ":gh:`107710`: Speed up :func:`logging.getHandlerNames`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7487 +msgid "" +":gh:`107715`: Fix :meth:`doctest.DocTestFinder.find` in presence of class " +"names with special characters. Patch by Gertjan van Zwieten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7490 +msgid "" +":gh:`100814`: Passing a callable object as an option value to a Tkinter " +"image now raises the expected TclError instead of an AttributeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7493 +msgid "" +":gh:`72684`: Add :mod:`tkinter` widget methods: :meth:`!tk_busy_hold`, " +":meth:`!tk_busy_configure`, :meth:`!tk_busy_cget`, :meth:`!tk_busy_forget`, " +":meth:`!tk_busy_current`, and :meth:`!tk_busy_status`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7498 +msgid "" +":gh:`106684`: Raise :exc:`ResourceWarning` when " +":class:`asyncio.StreamWriter` is not closed leading to memory leaks. Patch " +"by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7501 +msgid ":gh:`107465`: Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.from_uri` classmethod." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7503 +msgid "" +":gh:`107077`: Seems that in some conditions, OpenSSL will return " +"``SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL`` instead of ``SSL_ERROR_SSL`` when a certification " +"verification has failed, but the error parameters will still contain " +"``ERR_LIB_SSL`` and ``SSL_R_CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED``. We are now " +"detecting this situation and raising the appropriate " +"``ssl.SSLCertVerificationError``. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7510 +msgid "" +":gh:`107576`: Fix :func:`types.get_original_bases` to only return " +":attr:`!__orig_bases__` if it is present on ``cls`` directly. Patch by James" +" Hilton-Balfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7514 +msgid "" +":gh:`105481`: Remove ``opcode.is_pseudo``, ``opcode.MIN_PSEUDO_OPCODE`` and " +"``opcode.MAX_PSEUDO_OPCODE``, which were added in 3.12, were never " +"documented and were not intended to be used externally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7518 +msgid "" +":gh:`105481`: :data:`!opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` (which was added in 3.12" +" but never documented or intended for external usage) is moved to " +":data:`!_opcode.ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION` where tests can access it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7522 +msgid "" +":gh:`107396`: tarfiles; Fixed use before assignment of self.exception for " +"gzip decompression" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7525 +msgid "" +":gh:`107409`: Set :attr:`!__wrapped__` attribute in " +":func:`reprlib.recursive_repr`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7528 +msgid "" +":gh:`107406`: Implement new :meth:`__repr__` method for " +":class:`struct.Struct`. Now it returns ``Struct()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7531 +msgid "" +":gh:`107369`: Optimize :func:`textwrap.indent`. It is ~30% faster for large " +"input. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7534 +msgid "" +":gh:`78722`: Fix issue where :meth:`pathlib.Path.iterdir` did not raise " +":exc:`OSError` until iterated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7537 +msgid "" +":gh:`105578`: Deprecate :class:`typing.AnyStr` in favor of the new Type " +"Parameter syntax. See PEP 695." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7540 +msgid "" +":gh:`62519`: Make :func:`gettext.pgettext` search plural definitions when " +"translation is not found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7543 +msgid "" +":gh:`107089`: Shelves opened with :func:`shelve.open` have a much faster " +":meth:`clear` method. Patch by James Cave." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7546 +msgid "" +":gh:`82500`: Fix overflow on 32-bit systems with :mod:`asyncio` " +":func:`os.sendfile` implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7549 +msgid "" +":gh:`83006`: Document behavior of :func:`shutil.disk_usage` for non-mounted " +"filesystems on Unix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7552 +msgid "" +":gh:`65495`: Use lowercase ``mail from`` and ``rcpt to`` in " +":class:`smptlib.SMTP`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7555 +msgid "" +":gh:`106186`: Do not report ``MultipartInvariantViolationDefect`` defect " +"when the :class:`email.parser.Parser` class is used to parse emails with " +"``headersonly=True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7559 +msgid "" +":gh:`105002`: Fix invalid result from :meth:`PurePath.relative_to` method " +"when attempting to walk a \"``..``\" segment in *other* with *walk_up* " +"enabled. A :exc:`ValueError` exception is now raised in this case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7563 +msgid "" +":gh:`106739`: Add the ``rtype_cache`` to the warning message (as an addition" +" to the type of leaked objects and the number of leaked objects already " +"included in the message) to make debugging leaked objects easier when the " +"multiprocessing resource tracker process finds leaked objects at shutdown. " +"This helps more quickly identify what was leaked and/or why the leaked " +"object was not properly cleaned up." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7570 +msgid "" +":gh:`106751`: Optimize :meth:`SelectSelector.select` for many iteration " +"case. Patch By Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7573 +msgid "" +":gh:`106751`: Optimize :meth:`!_PollLikeSelector.select` for many iteration " +"case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7576 +msgid "" +":gh:`106751`: Optimize :meth:`KqueueSelector.select` for many iteration " +"case. Patch By Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7579 +msgid "" +":gh:`106831`: Fix potential missing ``NULL`` check of ``d2i_SSL_SESSION`` " +"result in ``_ssl.c``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7582 +msgid "" +":gh:`105481`: The various opcode lists in the :mod:`dis` module are now " +"generated from bytecodes.c instead of explicitly constructed in opcode.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7585 +msgid "" +":gh:`106727`: Make :func:`inspect.getsource` smarter for class for same name" +" definitions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7588 +msgid ":gh:`106789`: Remove import of :mod:`pprint` from :mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7590 +msgid "" +":gh:`105726`: Added ``__slots__`` to " +":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` and " +":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager` so that child classes can " +"use ``__slots__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7595 +msgid ":gh:`106774`: Update the bundled copy of pip to version 23.2.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7597 +msgid "" +":gh:`106751`: :mod:`selectors`: Optimize ``EpollSelector.select()`` code by " +"moving some code outside of the loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7600 +msgid "" +":gh:`106752`: Fixed several bugs in zipfile.Path, including: in " +":meth:`zipfile.Path.match`, Windows separators are no longer honored (and " +"never were meant to be); Fixed ``name``/``suffix``/``suffixes``/``stem`` " +"operations when no filename is present and the Path is not at the root of " +"the zipfile; Reworked glob for performance and more correct matching " +"behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7607 +msgid "" +":gh:`105293`: Remove call to ``SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context`` during " +"client side context creation in the :mod:`ssl` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7610 +msgid ":gh:`106734`: Disable tab completion in multiline mode of :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7612 +msgid ":gh:`105481`: Expose opcode metadata through :mod:`!_opcode`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7614 +msgid "" +":gh:`106670`: Add the new ``exceptions`` command to the Pdb debugger. It " +"makes it possible to move between chained exceptions when using post mortem " +"debugging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7618 +msgid ":gh:`106602`: Add __copy__ and __deepcopy__ in :mod:`enum`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7620 +msgid "" +":gh:`106664`: :mod:`selectors`: Add ``_SelectorMapping.get()`` method and " +"optimize ``_SelectorMapping.__getitem__()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7623 +msgid "" +":gh:`106628`: Speed up parsing of emails by about 20% by not compiling a new" +" regular expression for every single email." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7626 +msgid "" +":gh:`89427`: Set the environment variable ``VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT`` at " +":mod:`venv` activation, even when ``VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT`` is set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7629 +msgid "" +":gh:`106530`: Revert a change to :func:`colorsys.rgb_to_hls` that caused " +"division by zero for certain almost-white inputs. Patch by Terry Jan Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7633 +msgid "" +":gh:`106584`: Fix exit code for ``unittest`` if all tests are skipped. Patch" +" by Egor Eliseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7636 +msgid "" +":gh:`106566`: Optimize ``(?!)`` (pattern which always fails) in regular " +"expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7639 +msgid "" +":gh:`106554`: :mod:`selectors`: Reduce Selector overhead by using a " +"``dict.get()`` to lookup file descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7642 +msgid "" +":gh:`106558`: Remove ref cycle in callers of " +":func:`~multiprocessing.managers.convert_to_error` by deleting ``result`` " +"from scope in a ``finally`` block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7646 +msgid "" +":gh:`100502`: Add :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.pathmod` class attribute that " +"stores the implementation of :mod:`os.path` used for low-level path " +"operations: either ``posixpath`` or ``ntpath``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7650 +msgid "" +":gh:`106527`: Reduce overhead to add and remove :mod:`asyncio` readers and " +"writers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7653 +msgid "" +":gh:`106524`: Fix crash in :func:`!_sre.template` with templates containing " +"invalid group indices." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7656 +msgid "" +":gh:`106531`: Removed ``_legacy`` and the names it provided from " +"``importlib.resources``: ``Resource``, ``contents``, ``is_resource``, " +"``open_binary``, ``open_text``, ``path``, ``read_binary``, and " +"``read_text``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7661 +msgid "" +":gh:`106052`: :mod:`re` module: fix the matching of possessive quantifiers " +"in the case of a subpattern containing backtracking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7664 +msgid "" +":gh:`106510`: Improve debug output for atomic groups in regular expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7666 +msgid "" +":gh:`106503`: Fix ref cycle in :class:`!asyncio._SelectorSocketTransport` by" +" removing ``_write_ready`` in ``close``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7669 +msgid ":gh:`105497`: Fix flag mask inversion when unnamed flags exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7671 +msgid "" +":gh:`90876`: Prevent :mod:`multiprocessing.spawn` from failing to *import* " +"in environments where ``sys.executable`` is ``None``. This regressed in " +"3.11 with the addition of support for path-like objects in multiprocessing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7675 +msgid "" +":gh:`106403`: Instances of :class:`typing.TypeVar`, " +":class:`typing.ParamSpec`, :class:`typing.ParamSpecArgs`, " +":class:`typing.ParamSpecKwargs`, and :class:`typing.TypeVarTuple` once again" +" support weak references, fixing a regression introduced in Python 3.12.0 " +"beta 1. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7681 +msgid "" +":gh:`89812`: Add private ``pathlib._PathBase`` class, which provides " +"experimental support for virtual filesystems, and may be made public in a " +"future version of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7685 +msgid "" +":gh:`106292`: Check for an instance-dict cached value in the :meth:`__get__`" +" method of :func:`functools.cached_property`. This better matches the " +"pre-3.12 behavior and improves compatibility for users subclassing " +":func:`functools.cached_property` and adding a :meth:`__set__` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7690 +msgid "" +":gh:`106350`: Detect possible memory allocation failure in the libtommath " +"function :c:func:`mp_init` used by the ``_tkinter`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7693 +msgid "" +":gh:`106330`: Fix incorrect matching of empty paths in " +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.match`. This bug was introduced in Python 3.12.0 " +"beta 1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7697 +msgid "" +":gh:`106309`: Deprecate :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator`. No major " +"type checker ever added support for this decorator. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7700 +msgid "" +":gh:`102541`: Make :func:`pydoc.doc` catch bad module :exc:`ImportError` " +"when output stream is not ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7703 +msgid "" +":gh:`106263`: Fix crash when calling ``repr`` with a manually constructed " +"SignalDict object. Patch by Charlie Zhao." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7706 +msgid "" +":gh:`106236`: Replace ``assert`` statements with ``raise RuntimeError`` in " +":mod:`threading`, so that ``_DummyThread`` cannot be joined even with " +"``-OO``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7710 +msgid "" +":gh:`106238`: Fix rare concurrency bug in lock acquisition by the logging " +"package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7713 +msgid "" +":gh:`106152`: Added PY_THROW event hook for :mod:`cProfile` for generators" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7715 +msgid "" +":gh:`106075`: Added ``asyncio.taskgroups.__all__`` to ``asyncio.__all__`` " +"for export in star imports." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7718 +msgid "" +":gh:`104527`: Zipapp will now skip over appending an archive to itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7720 +msgid "" +":gh:`106046`: Improve the error message from :func:`os.fspath` if called on " +"an object where ``__fspath__`` is set to ``None``. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7723 +msgid "" +":gh:`105987`: Fix crash due to improper reference counting in :mod:`asyncio`" +" eager task factory internal routines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7726 +msgid "" +":gh:`105974`: Fix bug where a :class:`typing.Protocol` class that had one or" +" more non-callable members would raise :exc:`TypeError` when " +":func:`issubclass` was called against it, even if it defined a custom " +"``__subclasshook__`` method. The behaviour in Python 3.11 and lower -- which" +" has now been restored -- was not to raise :exc:`TypeError` in these " +"situations if a custom ``__subclasshook__`` method was defined. Patch by " +"Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7734 +msgid ":gh:`96145`: Reverted addition of ``json.AttrDict``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7736 +msgid "" +":gh:`89812`: Add :exc:`pathlib.UnsupportedOperation`, which is raised " +"instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError` when a path operation isn't supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7739 +msgid "" +":gh:`105808`: Fix a regression introduced in :gh:`101251` for 3.12, causing " +":meth:`gzip.GzipFile.flush` to not flush the compressor (nor pass along the " +"``zip_mode`` argument)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7743 +msgid "" +":gh:`105481`: :func:`~dis.stack_effect` no longer raises an exception if an " +"``oparg`` is provided for an ``opcode`` that doesn't use its arg, or when it" +" is not provided for an ``opcode`` that does use it. In the latter case, the" +" stack effect is returned for ``oparg=0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7748 +msgid "" +":gh:`104799`: Enable :func:`ast.unparse` to unparse function and class " +"definitions created without the new ``type_params`` field from :pep:`695`. " +"Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7752 +msgid "" +":gh:`105793`: Add *follow_symlinks* keyword-only argument to " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.is_dir` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`, defaulting to" +" ``True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7756 +msgid "" +":gh:`105570`: Deprecate two methods of creating :class:`typing.TypedDict` " +"classes with 0 fields using the functional syntax: ``TD = " +"TypedDict(\"TD\")`` and ``TD = TypedDict(\"TD\", None)``. Both will be " +"disallowed in Python 3.15. To create a ``TypedDict`` class with 0 fields, " +"either use ``class TD(TypedDict): pass`` or ``TD = TypedDict(\"TD\", {})``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7762 +msgid ":gh:`105745`: Fix ``webbrowser.Konqueror.open`` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7764 +msgid "" +":gh:`105733`: :mod:`ctypes`: Deprecate undocumented " +":func:`!ctypes.SetPointerType` and :func:`!ctypes.ARRAY` functions. Patch by" +" Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7768 +msgid "" +":gh:`105687`: Remove deprecated ``re.template``, ``re.T``, ``re.TEMPLATE``, " +"``sre_constans.SRE_FLAG_TEMPLATE``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7771 +msgid "" +":gh:`105684`: Supporting :meth:`asyncio.Task.set_name` is now mandatory for " +"third party task implementations. The undocumented :func:`!_set_task_name` " +"function (deprecated since 3.8) has been removed. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7775 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix a bug in :c:func:`!_Unpickler_SetInputStream` where an " +"exception could end up being overwritten in case of failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7778 +msgid "" +":gh:`105626`: Change the default return value of " +":meth:`http.client.HTTPConnection.get_proxy_response_headers` to be ``None``" +" and not ``{}``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7782 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`sys` where exceptions could end up being " +"overwritten because of deferred error handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7785 +msgid "" +":gh:`105605`: Harden :mod:`pyexpat` error handling during module " +"initialisation to prevent exceptions from possibly being overwritten, and " +"objects from being dereferenced twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7789 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bug in :mod:`decimal` where an exception could end up " +"being overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7792 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`!_datetime` where exceptions could be " +"overwritten in case of module initialisation failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7795 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`!_ssl` initialisation which could lead to " +"leaked references and overwritten exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7798 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix a bug in :class:`array.array` where an exception could end" +" up being overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7801 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`!_ctypes` where exceptions could end up " +"being overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7804 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix a bug in the :mod:`posix` module where an exception could " +"be overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7807 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`!_elementtree` where exceptions could be " +"overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7810 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`zoneinfo` where exceptions could be " +"overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7813 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`errno` where exceptions could be " +"overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7815 +msgid "" +":gh:`105566`: Deprecate creating a :class:`typing.NamedTuple` class using " +"keyword arguments to denote the fields (``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", x=int, " +"y=str)``). This will be disallowed in Python 3.15. Use the class-based " +"syntax or the functional syntax instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7820 +msgid "" +"Two methods of creating ``NamedTuple`` classes with 0 fields using the " +"functional syntax are also deprecated, and will be disallowed in Python " +"3.15: ``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\")`` and ``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", None)``. To " +"create a ``NamedTuple`` class with 0 fields, either use ``class " +"NT(NamedTuple): pass`` or ``NT = NamedTuple(\"NT\", [])``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7826 +msgid "" +":gh:`105545`: Remove deprecated in 3.11 ``webbrowser.MacOSXOSAScript._name``" +" attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7829 +msgid ":gh:`105497`: Fix flag inversion when alias/mask members exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7831 +msgid "" +":gh:`105509`: :data:`typing.Annotated` is now implemented as an instance of " +"``typing._SpecialForm`` rather than a class. This should have no user-facing" +" impact for users of the :mod:`typing` module public API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7835 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix bugs in :mod:`pickle` where exceptions could be " +"overwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7838 +msgid "" +":gh:`70303`: Emit :exc:`FutureWarning` from :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` if the given pattern ends with \"``**``\". In a " +"future Python release, patterns with this ending will match both files and " +"directories. Add a trailing slash to only match directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7843 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix a bug in :mod:`sqlite3` where an exception could be " +"overwritten in the :meth:`collation ` " +"callback." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7847 +msgid "" +":gh:`105382`: Remove *cafile*, *capath* and *cadefault* parameters of the " +":func:`urllib.request.urlopen` function, deprecated in Python 3.6. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7851 +msgid "" +":gh:`105376`: :mod:`logging`: Remove undocumented and untested " +"``Logger.warn()`` and ``LoggerAdapter.warn()`` methods and " +"``logging.warn()`` function. Deprecated since Python 3.3, they were aliases " +"to the :meth:`logging.Logger.warning` method, " +":meth:`!logging.LoggerAdapter.warning` method and :func:`logging.warning` " +"function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7858 +msgid ":gh:`105332`: Revert pickling method from by-name back to by-value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7860 +msgid ":gh:`104554`: Add RTSPS scheme support in urllib.parse" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7862 +msgid "" +":gh:`105292`: Add option to :func:`traceback.format_exception_only` to " +"recurse into the nested exception of a :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7865 +msgid "" +":gh:`105280`: Fix bug where ``isinstance([], collections.abc.Mapping)`` " +"could evaluate to ``True`` if garbage collection happened at the wrong time." +" The bug was caused by changes to the implementation of " +":class:`typing.Protocol` in Python 3.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7870 +msgid "" +":gh:`80480`: :mod:`array`: Add ``'w'`` typecode that represents ``Py_UCS4``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7872 +msgid "" +":gh:`105239`: Fix longstanding bug where ``issubclass(object, " +"typing.Protocol)`` would evaluate to ``True`` in some edge cases. Patch by " +"Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7876 +msgid "" +":gh:`104310`: In the beta 1 release we added a utility function for " +"extension module authors, to use when testing their module for support in " +"multiple interpreters or under a per-interpreter GIL. The name of that " +"function has changed from ``allowing_all_extensions`` to " +"``_incompatible_extension_module_restrictions``. The default for the " +"\"disable_check\" argument has change from ``True`` to ``False``, to better " +"match the new function name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7884 +msgid "" +":gh:`105080`: Fixed inconsistent signature on derived classes for " +":func:`inspect.signature`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7887 +msgid "" +":gh:`105144`: Fix a recent regression in the :mod:`typing` module. The " +"regression meant that doing ``class Foo(X, typing.Protocol)``, where ``X`` " +"was a class that had :class:`abc.ABCMeta` as its metaclass, would then cause" +" subsequent ``isinstance(1, X)`` calls to erroneously raise " +":exc:`TypeError`. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7893 +msgid "" +":gh:`62948`: The :class:`io.IOBase` finalizer now logs the ``close()`` " +"method errors with :data:`sys.unraisablehook`. Previously, errors were " +"ignored silently by default, and only logged in :ref:`Python Development " +"Mode ` or on :ref:`Python built on debug mode `. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7899 +msgid "" +":gh:`105096`: :mod:`wave`: Deprecate the ``getmark()``, ``setmark()`` and " +"``getmarkers()`` methods of the :class:`wave.Wave_read` and " +":class:`wave.Wave_write` classes. They will be removed in Python 3.15. Patch" +" by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7904 +msgid "" +":gh:`104992`: Remove the untested and undocumented " +":meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` method, deprecated in Python 3.11. " +"Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7908 +msgid "" +":gh:`104996`: Improve performance of :class:`pathlib.PurePath` " +"initialisation by deferring joining of paths when multiple arguments are " +"given." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7911 +msgid "" +":gh:`101588`: Deprecate undocumented copy/deepcopy/pickle support for " +"itertools." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7914 +msgid "" +":gh:`103631`: Fix ``pathlib.PurePosixPath(pathlib.PureWindowsPath(...))`` " +"not converting path separators to restore 3.11 compatible behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7917 +msgid "" +":gh:`104947`: Make comparisons between :class:`pathlib.PureWindowsPath` " +"objects consistent across Windows and Posix to match 3.11 behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7920 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!audioop` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7923 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!aifc` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7926 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!uu` module, deprecated in Python" +" 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7929 +msgid "" +":gh:`104935`: Fix bugs with the interaction between " +":func:`typing.runtime_checkable` and :class:`typing.Generic` that were " +"introduced by the :pep:`695` implementation. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7933 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!crypt` module and its private " +":mod:`!_crypt` extension, deprecated in Python 3.11. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7937 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!nis` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7940 +msgid "" +":gh:`104898`: Add missing :attr:`~object.__slots__` to :class:`os.PathLike`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7942 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!xdrlib` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7945 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!nntplib` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7948 +msgid "" +":gh:`104886`: Remove the undocumented " +":class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` class, deprecated in the " +"docstring since Python 3.2, and with a deprecation warning since Python " +"3.11. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7953 +msgid ":gh:`104786`: Remove kwargs-based :class:`typing.TypedDict` creation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7955 +msgid "" +":gh:`104876`: Remove the :meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` method, " +"deprecated in docs since Python 3.1 and with a deprecation warning since " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7959 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Removed the :mod:`!msilib` package, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7962 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!spwd` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11: the :pypi:`python-pam` project can be used instead. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7966 +msgid "" +":gh:`75552`: Removed the ``tkinter.tix`` module, deprecated since Python " +"3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7968 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!chunk` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7971 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!mailcap` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7974 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!sunau` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7977 +msgid "" +":gh:`104780`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!ossaudiodev` module, deprecated " +"in Python 3.11. Patch Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7980 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!pipes` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7983 +msgid "" +":gh:`104873`: Add :func:`typing.get_protocol_members` to return the set of " +"members defining a :class:`typing.Protocol`. Add :func:`typing.is_protocol`" +" to check whether a class is a :class:`typing.Protocol`. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7988 +msgid "" +":gh:`104874`: Document the ``__name__`` and ``__supertype__`` attributes of " +":class:`typing.NewType`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7991 +msgid "" +":gh:`104835`: Removed the following :mod:`unittest` functions, deprecated in" +" Python 3.11:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:7994 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.findTestCases`" + +#: ../NEWS:7995 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.makeSuite`" + +#: ../NEWS:7996 +msgid ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames`" +msgstr ":func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames`" + +#: ../NEWS:7998 ../NEWS:19079 +msgid "Use :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` methods instead:" +msgstr "请改用 :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` 方法:" + +#: ../NEWS:8000 ../NEWS:19081 +msgid ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`" +msgstr ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`" + +#: ../NEWS:8001 ../NEWS:19082 +msgid ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`" +msgstr ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`" + +#: ../NEWS:8002 ../NEWS:19083 +msgid ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`" +msgstr ":meth:`unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`" + +#: ../NEWS:8004 ../NEWS:16934 ../NEWS:17487 ../NEWS:18382 ../NEWS:18403 +#: ../NEWS:18432 ../NEWS:18439 ../NEWS:18446 +msgid "Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8006 +msgid "" +":gh:`104804`: Remove the untested and undocumented :mod:`webbrowser` " +":class:`!MacOSX` class, deprecated in Python 3.11. Patch by Hugo van " +"Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8010 +msgid "" +":gh:`83863`: Support for using :class:`pathlib.Path` objects as context " +"managers has been removed. Before Python 3.9, exiting the context manager " +"marked a path as \"closed\", which caused some (but not all!) methods to " +"raise when called. Since Python 3.9, using a path as a context manager does " +"nothing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8016 +msgid "" +":gh:`104799`: Adjust the location of the (see :pep:`695`) ``type_params`` " +"field on :class:`ast.ClassDef`, :class:`ast.AsyncFunctionDef`, and " +":class:`ast.FunctionDef` to better preserve backward compatibility. Patch by" +" Jelle Zijlstra" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8021 +msgid "" +":gh:`104797`: Allow :class:`typing.Protocol` classes to inherit from " +":class:`collections.abc.Buffer`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8024 +msgid "" +":gh:`104783`: Remove ``locale.resetlocale()`` function deprecated in Python " +"3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8027 +msgid "" +":gh:`104780`: Remove the ``2to3`` program and the :mod:`!lib2to3` module, " +"deprecated in Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8030 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!telnetlib` module, deprecated in" +" Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8033 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!imghdr` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8036 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!cgi` and :mod:`!cgitb` modules, " +"deprecated in Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8039 +msgid "" +":gh:`104773`: :pep:`594`: Remove the :mod:`!sndhdr` module, deprecated in " +"Python 3.11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8042 +msgid "" +":gh:`104372`: On Linux where :mod:`subprocess` can use the ``vfork()`` " +"syscall for faster spawning, prevent the parent process from blocking other " +"threads by dropping the GIL while it waits for the vfork'ed child process " +"``exec()`` outcome. This prevents spawning a binary from a slow filesystem " +"from blocking the rest of the application." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8048 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: We now release the GIL around built-in :mod:`hashlib` " +"computations of reasonable size for the SHA families and MD5 hash functions," +" matching what our OpenSSL backed hash computations already does." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8053 +msgid "" +":gh:`102613`: Improve performance of :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` when " +"expanding a pattern with a non-terminal \"``**``\" component by filtering " +"walked paths through a regular expression, rather than calling " +":func:`os.scandir` more than once on each directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8058 +msgid "" +":gh:`104399`: Prepare the ``_tkinter`` module for building with Tcl 9.0 and " +"future libtommath by replacing usage of deprecated functions " +":c:func:`mp_to_unsigned_bin_n` and :c:func:`mp_unsigned_bin_size` when " +"necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8063 +msgid "" +":gh:`102676`: Add fields ``start_offset``, ``cache_offset``, ``end_offset``," +" ``baseopname``, ``baseopcode``, ``jump_target`` and ``oparg`` to " +":class:`dis.Instruction`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8067 +msgid "" +":gh:`103558`: Fixed ``parent`` argument validation mechanism of " +":mod:`argparse`. Improved test coverage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8070 +msgid "" +":gh:`103464`: Provide helpful usage messages when parsing incorrect " +":mod:`pdb` commands." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8073 +msgid "" +":gh:`103384`: Generalize the regex pattern " +"``BaseConfigurator.INDEX_PATTERN`` to allow spaces and non-alphanumeric " +"characters in keys." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8076 +msgid ":gh:`103124`: Added multiline statement support for :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8078 +msgid "" +":gh:`101162`: Forbid using :func:`builtins.issubclass` with " +":class:`types.GenericAlias` as the first argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8081 +msgid "" +":gh:`103200`: Fix cache repopulation semantics of " +"zipimport.invalidate_caches(). The cache is now repopulated upon retrieving " +"files with an invalid cache, not when the cache is invalidated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8085 +msgid "" +":gh:`100061`: Fix a bug that causes wrong matches for regular expressions " +"with possessive qualifier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8088 +msgid "" +":gh:`77609`: Add *follow_symlinks* argument to :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and" +" :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`, defaulting to false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8091 +msgid "" +":gh:`102541`: Hide traceback in :func:`help` prompt, when import failed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8093 +msgid "" +":gh:`102120`: Added a stream mode to ``tarfile`` that allows for reading " +"archives without caching info about the inner files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8096 +msgid "" +":gh:`102029`: Deprecate passing any arguments to :func:`threading.RLock`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8098 +msgid "" +":gh:`88233`: Refactored ``zipfile._strip_extra`` to use higher level " +"abstractions for extras instead of a heavy-state loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8101 +msgid "" +":gh:`102024`: Reduce calls of ``_idle_semaphore.release()`` in " +":func:`concurrent.futures.thread._worker`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8104 +msgid "" +":gh:`73435`: Add support for recursive wildcards in " +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.match`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8107 +msgid "" +":gh:`84867`: :class:`unittest.TestLoader` no longer loads test cases from " +"exact :class:`unittest.TestCase` and :class:`unittest.FunctionTestCase` " +"classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8111 +msgid "" +":gh:`99203`: Restore following CPython <= 3.10.5 behavior of " +":func:`shutil.make_archive`: do not create an empty archive if ``root_dir`` " +"is not a directory, and, in that case, raise :class:`FileNotFoundError` or " +":class:`NotADirectoryError` regardless of ``format`` choice. Beyond the " +"brought-back behavior, the function may now also raise these exceptions in " +"``dry_run`` mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8118 +msgid "" +":gh:`80480`: Emit :exc:`DeprecationWarning` for :mod:`array`'s ``'u'`` type " +"code, deprecated in docs since Python 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8121 +msgid "" +":gh:`94924`: :func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec` now properly returns " +"coroutine functions compatible with :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8124 +msgid "" +":gh:`94777`: Fix hanging :mod:`multiprocessing` ``ProcessPoolExecutor`` when" +" a child process crashes while data is being written in the call queue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8127 +msgid "" +":gh:`92871`: Remove the ``typing.io`` and ``typing.re`` namespaces, " +"deprecated since Python 3.8. All items are still available from the main " +":mod:`typing` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8131 +msgid "" +":issue:`43633`: Improve the textual representation of IPv4-mapped IPv6 " +"addresses (:rfc:`4291` Sections 2.2, 2.5.5.2) in :mod:`ipaddress`. Patch by " +"Oleksandr Pavliuk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8135 +msgid "" +":issue:`44850`: Improve performance of :func:`operator.methodcaller` using " +"the :pep:`590` ``vectorcall`` convention. Patch by Anthony Lee and Pieter " +"Eendebak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8139 +msgid "" +":issue:`44185`: :func:`unittest.mock.mock_open` will call the :func:`close` " +"method of the file handle mock when it is exiting from the context manager. " +"Patch by Samet Yaslan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8143 +msgid "" +":issue:`40988`: Improve performance of " +":class:`functools.singledispatchmethod` by caching the generated dispatch " +"wrapper. Optimization suggested by frederico. Patch by @mental32, Alex " +"Waygood and Pieter Eendebak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8147 +msgid "" +":issue:`41768`: :mod:`unittest.mock` speccing no longer calls class " +"properties. Patch by Melanie Witt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8150 +msgid "" +":issue:`18319`: Ensure ``gettext(msg)`` retrieve translations even if a " +"plural form exists. In other words: ``gettext(msg) == ngettext(msg, '', " +"1)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8153 +msgid "" +":issue:`17013`: Add ``ThreadingMock`` to :mod:`unittest.mock` that can be " +"used to create Mock objects that can wait until they are called. Patch by " +"Karthikeyan Singaravelan and Mario Corchero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8160 +msgid "" +":gh:`109209`: The minimum Sphinx version required for the documentation is " +"now 4.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8163 +msgid "" +":gh:`108826`: :mod:`dis` module command-line interface is now mentioned in " +"documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8166 +msgid "" +":gh:`107305`: Add documentation for :c:type:`PyInterpreterConfig` and " +":c:func:`Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig`. Also clarify some of the nearby docs" +" relative to per-interpreter GIL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8170 +msgid "" +":gh:`107008`: Document the :mod:`curses` module variables " +":const:`~curses.LINES` and :const:`~curses.COLS`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8173 +msgid "" +":gh:`106948`: Add a number of standard external names to ``nitpick_ignore``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8175 +msgid "" +":gh:`106232`: Make timeit doc command lines compatible with Windows by using" +" double quotes for arguments. This works on linux and macOS also." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8178 +msgid "" +":gh:`105172`: Fixed :func:`functools.lru_cache` docstring accounting for " +"``typed`` argument's different handling of str and int. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8182 +msgid "" +":gh:`105052`: Update ``timeit`` doc to specify that time in seconds is just " +"the default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8185 +msgid "" +":gh:`89455`: Add missing documentation for the ``max_group_depth`` and " +"``max_group_width`` parameters and the ``exceptions`` attribute of the " +":class:`traceback.TracebackException` class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8189 +msgid "" +":gh:`89412`: Add missing documentation for the ``end_lineno`` and " +"``end_offset`` attributes of the :class:`traceback.TracebackException` " +"class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8193 +msgid "" +":gh:`104943`: Remove mentions of old Python versions in " +":class:`typing.NamedTuple`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8196 +msgid "" +":gh:`54738`: Add documentation on how to localize the :mod:`argparse` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8198 +msgid "" +":gh:`102823`: Document the return type of ``x // y`` when ``x`` and ``y`` " +"have type :class:`float`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8201 +msgid "" +":gh:`102759`: Align function signature for ``functools.reduce`` in " +"documentation and docstring with the C implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8207 +msgid "" +":gh:`110647`: Fix test_stress_modifying_handlers() of test_signal. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8210 +msgid "" +":gh:`103053`: Fix test_tools.test_freeze on FreeBSD: run \"make distclean\" " +"instead of \"make clean\" in the copied source directory to remove also the " +"\"python\" program. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8214 +msgid "" +":gh:`110167`: Fix a deadlock in test_socket when server fails with a timeout" +" but the client is still running in its thread. Don't hold a lock to call " +"cleanup functions in doCleanups(). One of the cleanup function waits until " +"the client completes, whereas the client could deadlock if it called " +"addCleanup() in such situation. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8220 +msgid ":gh:`110388`: Add tests for :mod:`tty`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8222 +msgid ":gh:`81002`: Add tests for :mod:`termios`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8224 +msgid "" +":gh:`110367`: regrtest: When using worker processes (-jN) with --verbose3 " +"option, regrtest can now display the worker output even if a worker process " +"does crash. Previously, sys.stdout and sys.stderr were replaced and so the " +"worker output was lost on a crash. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8229 +msgid "" +":gh:`110267`: Add tests for pickling and copying PyStructSequence objects. " +"Patched by Xuehai Pan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8232 +msgid "" +":gh:`110171`: ``libregrtest`` now always sets and shows ``random.seed``, so " +"tests are more reproducible. Use ``--randseed`` flag to pass the explicit " +"random seed for tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8236 +msgid "" +":gh:`110152`: Remove ``Tools/scripts/run_tests.py`` and ``make " +"hostrunnertest``. Just run ``./python -m test --slow-ci``, ``make " +"buildbottest`` or ``make test`` instead. Python test runner (regrtest) now " +"handles cross-compilation and HOSTRUNNER. It also adds options to Python " +"such fast ``-u -E -W default -bb`` when ``--fast-ci`` or ``--slow-ci`` " +"option is used. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8243 +msgid "" +":gh:`110031`: Skip test_threading tests using thread+fork if Python is built" +" with Address Sanitizer (ASAN). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8246 +msgid "" +":gh:`110088`: Fix test_asyncio timeouts: don't measure the maximum duration," +" a test should not measure a CI performance. Only measure the minimum " +"duration when a task has a timeout or delay. Add ``CLOCK_RES`` to " +"``test_asyncio.utils``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8251 +msgid "" +":gh:`109974`: Fix race conditions in test_threading lock tests. Wait until a" +" condition is met rather than using :func:`time.sleep` with a hardcoded " +"number of seconds. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8255 +msgid "" +":gh:`110033`: Fix ``test_interprocess_signal()`` of ``test_signal``. Make " +"sure that the ``subprocess.Popen`` object is deleted before the test raising" +" an exception in a signal handler. Otherwise, ``Popen.__del__()`` can get " +"the exception which is logged as ``Exception ignored in: ...`` and the test " +"fails. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8261 +msgid "" +":gh:`109594`: Fix test_timeout() of test_concurrent_futures.test_wait. " +"Remove the future which may or may not complete depending if it takes longer" +" than the timeout or not. Keep the second future which does not complete " +"before wait() timeout. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8266 +msgid "" +":gh:`109972`: Split test_gdb.py file into a test_gdb package made of " +"multiple tests, so tests can now be run in parallel. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8269 +msgid "" +":gh:`109566`: regrtest: When ``--fast-ci`` or ``--slow-ci`` option is used, " +"regrtest now replaces the current process with a new process to add ``-u -W " +"default -bb -E`` options to Python. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8273 +msgid "" +":gh:`109748`: Fix ``test_zippath_from_non_installed_posix()`` of test_venv: " +"don't copy ``__pycache__/`` sub-directories, because they can be modified by" +" other Python tests running in parallel. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8277 +msgid "" +":gh:`109739`: regrtest: Fix reference leak check on Windows. Disable the " +"load tracker on Windows in the reference leak check mode (-R option). Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8281 +msgid "" +":gh:`109276`: regrtest: When a test fails with \"env changed\" and the " +"--rerun option is used, the test is now re-run in verbose mode in a fresh " +"process. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8285 +msgid "" +":gh:`103053`: Skip test_freeze_simple_script() of test_tools.test_freeze if " +"Python is built with ``./configure --enable-optimizations``, which means " +"with Profile Guided Optimization (PGO): it just makes the test too slow. The" +" freeze tool is tested by many other CIs with other (faster) compiler flags." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8291 +msgid "" +":gh:`109580`: Skip ``test_perf_profiler`` if Python is built with ASAN, MSAN" +" or UBSAN sanitizer. Python does crash randomly in this test on such build. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8295 +msgid "" +":gh:`109566`: regrtest: Add ``--fast-ci`` and ``--slow-ci`` options. " +"``--fast-ci`` uses a default timeout of 10 minutes and ``-u all,-cpu`` (skip" +" slowest tests). ``--slow-ci`` uses a default timeout of 20 minutes and ``-u" +" all`` (run all tests). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8300 +msgid "" +":gh:`109425`: libregrtest now decodes stdout of test worker processes with " +"the \"backslashreplace\" error handler to log corrupted stdout, instead of " +"failing with an error and not logging the stdout. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8304 +msgid "" +":gh:`109396`: Fix ``test_socket.test_hmac_sha1()`` in FIPS mode. Use a " +"longer key: FIPS mode requires at least of at least 112 bits. The previous " +"key was only 32 bits. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8308 +msgid "" +":gh:`104736`: Fix test_gdb on Python built with LLVM clang 16 on Linux " +"ppc64le (ex: Fedora 38). Search patterns in gdb \"bt\" command output to " +"detect when gdb fails to retrieve the traceback. For example, skip a test if" +" ``Backtrace stopped: frame did not save the PC`` is found. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8314 +msgid "" +":gh:`109276`: libregrtest now calls :func:`random.seed` before running each " +"test file when ``-r/--randomize`` command line option is used. Moreover, " +"it's also called in worker processes. It should help to make tests more " +"deterministic. Previously, it was only called once in the main process " +"before running all test files and it was not called in worker processes. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8321 +msgid "" +":gh:`109276`: libregrtest now uses a separated file descriptor to write test" +" result as JSON. Previously, if a test wrote debug messages late around the " +"JSON, the main test process failed to parse JSON. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8325 +msgid ":gh:`108996`: Fix and enable ``test_msvcrt``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8327 +msgid "" +":gh:`109237`: Fix ``test_site.test_underpth_basic()`` when the working " +"directory contains at least one non-ASCII character: encode the ``._pth`` " +"file to UTF-8 and enable the UTF-8 Mode to use UTF-8 for the child process " +"stdout. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8332 +msgid "" +":gh:`109230`: Fix ``test_pyexpat.test_exception()``: it can now be run from " +"a directory different than Python source code directory. Before, the test " +"failed in this case. Skip the test if Modules/pyexpat.c source is not " +"available. Skip also the test on Python implementations other than CPython. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8338 +msgid ":gh:`108996`: Add tests for ``msvcrt``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8340 +msgid "" +":gh:`109015`: Fix test_asyncio, test_imaplib and test_socket tests on " +"FreeBSD if the TCP blackhole is enabled (``sysctl net.inet.tcp.blackhole``)." +" Skip the few tests which failed with ``ETIMEDOUT`` which such non standard " +"configuration. Currently, the `FreeBSD GCP image enables TCP and UDP " +"blackhole `_ (``sysctl " +"net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2`` and ``sysctl net.inet.udp.blackhole=1``). Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8348 +msgid "" +":gh:`91960`: Skip ``test_gdb`` if gdb is unable to retrieve Python frame " +"objects: if a frame is ````. When Python is built with " +"\"clang -Og\", gdb can fail to retrieve the *frame* parameter of " +"``_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()``. In this case, tests like ``py_bt()`` are " +"likely to fail. Without getting access to Python frames, ``python-gdb.py`` " +"is mostly clueless on retrieving the Python traceback. Moreover, " +"``test_gdb`` is no longer skipped on macOS if Python is built with Clang. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8357 +msgid "" +":gh:`108962`: Skip ``test_tempfile.test_flags()`` if ``chflags()`` fails " +"with \"OSError: [Errno 45] Operation not supported\" (ex: on FreeBSD 13). " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8361 +msgid "" +":gh:`91960`: FreeBSD 13.2 CI coverage for pull requests is now provided by " +"Cirrus-CI (a hosted CI service that supports Linux, macOS, Windows, and " +"FreeBSD)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8365 +msgid "" +":gh:`89392`: Removed support of ``test_main()`` function in tests. They now " +"always use normal unittest test runner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8368 +msgid "" +":gh:`108851`: Fix ``test_tomllib`` recursion tests for WASI buildbots: " +"reduce the recursion limit and compute the maximum nested array/dict " +"depending on the current available recursion limit. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8372 +msgid "" +":gh:`108851`: Add ``get_recursion_available()`` and " +"``get_recursion_depth()`` functions to the :mod:`test.support` module. Patch" +" by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8375 +msgid "" +":gh:`108834`: Add ``--fail-rerun option`` option to regrtest: if a test " +"failed when then passed when rerun in verbose mode, exit the process with " +"exit code 2 (error), instead of exit code 0 (success). Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8380 +msgid "" +":gh:`108834`: Rename regrtest ``--verbose2`` option (``-w``) to ``--rerun``." +" Keep ``--verbose2`` as a deprecated alias. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8383 +msgid "" +":gh:`108834`: When regrtest reruns failed tests in verbose mode (``./python " +"-m test --rerun``), tests are now rerun in fresh worker processes rather " +"than being executed in the main process. If a test does crash or is killed " +"by a timeout, the main process can detect and handle the killed worker " +"process. Tests are rerun in parallel if the ``-jN`` option is used to run " +"tests in parallel. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8390 +msgid "" +":gh:`108822`: ``regrtest`` now computes statistics on all tests: successes, " +"failures and skipped. ``test_netrc``, ``test_pep646_syntax`` and " +"``test_xml_etree`` now return results in their ``test_main()`` function. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner and Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8395 +msgid "" +":gh:`108794`: The :meth:`doctest.DocTestRunner.run` method now counts the " +"number of skipped tests. Add :attr:`doctest.DocTestRunner.skips` and " +":attr:`doctest.TestResults.skipped` attributes. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8399 +msgid "" +":gh:`108388`: Convert test_concurrent_futures to a package of 7 sub-tests. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8402 +msgid "" +":gh:`108388`: Split test_multiprocessing_fork, " +"test_multiprocessing_forkserver and test_multiprocessing_spawn into test " +"packages. Each package is made of 4 sub-tests: processes, threads, manager " +"and misc. It allows running more tests in parallel and so reduce the total " +"test duration. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8408 +msgid "" +":gh:`105776`: Fix test_cppext when the C compiler command ``-std=c11`` " +"option: remove ``-std=`` options from the compiler command. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8412 +msgid "" +":gh:`107652`: Set up CIFuzz to run fuzz targets in GitHub Actions. Patch by " +"Illia Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8415 +msgid "" +":gh:`107237`: ``test_logging``: Fix ``test_udp_reconnection()`` by " +"increasing the timeout from 100 ms to 5 minutes (LONG_TIMEOUT). Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8419 +msgid "" +":gh:`107178`: Add the C API test for functions in the Mapping Protocol, the " +"Sequence Protocol and some functions in the Object Protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8422 +msgid "" +":gh:`106714`: test_capi: Fix test_no_FatalError_infinite_loop() to no longer" +" write a coredump, by using test.support.SuppressCrashReport. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8426 +msgid "" +":gh:`104090`: Avoid creating a reference to the test object in " +":meth:`~unittest.TestResult.collectedDurations`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8429 +msgid "" +":gh:`106752`: Moved tests for ``zipfile.Path`` into " +"``Lib/test/test_zipfile/_path``. Made ``zipfile._path`` a package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8432 +msgid "" +":gh:`106690`: Add .coveragerc to cpython repository for use with coverage " +"package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8435 +msgid "" +":gh:`101634`: When running the Python test suite with ``-jN`` option, if a " +"worker stdout cannot be decoded from the locale encoding report a failed " +"testn so the exitcode is non-zero. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8439 +msgid "" +":gh:`105084`: When the Python build is configured ``--with-wheel-pkg-dir``, " +"tests requiring the ``setuptools`` and ``wheel`` wheels will search for the " +"wheels in ``WHEEL_PKG_DIR``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8443 +msgid "" +":gh:`81005`: String tests are modified to reflect that ``str`` and " +"``unicode`` are merged in Python 3. Patch by Daniel Fortunov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8446 +msgid "" +":gh:`103186`: Suppress and assert expected RuntimeWarnings in " +"test_sys_settrace.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8449 +msgid "" +":gh:`69714`: Add additional tests to :mod:`calendar` to achieve full test " +"coverage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8455 +msgid "" +":gh:`103053`: \"make check-clean-src\" now also checks if the \"python\" " +"program is found in the source directory: fail with an error if it does " +"exist. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8459 +msgid "" +":gh:`109191`: Fix compile error when building with recent versions of " +"libedit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8462 +msgid "" +":gh:`110276`: No longer ignore :envvar:`PROFILE_TASK` failure silently: " +"command used by Profile Guided Optimization (PGO). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8466 +msgid "" +":gh:`109566`: Remove ``make testall`` target: use ``make buildbottest`` " +"instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8469 +msgid "" +":gh:`109740`: The experimental ``--disable-gil`` configure flag now includes" +" \"t\" (for \"threaded\") in extension ABI tags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8472 +msgid "" +":gh:`109054`: Fix building the ``_testcapi`` extension on Linux AArch64 " +"which requires linking to libatomic when ```` is used: " +"the ``_Py_atomic_or_uint64()`` function requires libatomic " +"``__atomic_fetch_or_8()`` on this platform. The configure script now checks " +"if linking to libatomic is needed and generates a new LIBATOMIC variable " +"used to build the _testcapi extension. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8479 +msgid "" +":gh:`63760`: Fix Solaris build: no longer redefine the ``gethostname()`` " +"function. Solaris defines the function since 2005. Patch by Victor Stinner, " +"original patch by Jakub Kulík." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8483 +msgid "" +":gh:`108740`: Fix a race condition in ``make regen-all``. The " +"``deepfreeze.c`` source and files generated by Argument Clinic are now " +"generated or updated before generating \"global objects\". Previously, some " +"identifiers may miss depending on the order in which these files were " +"generated. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8489 +msgid "" +":gh:`108634`: Python built with :file:`configure` :option:`--with-trace-" +"refs` (tracing references) is now ABI compatible with Python release build " +"and :ref:`debug build `. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8493 +msgid "" +":gh:`85283`: The ``_stat`` C extension is now built with the :ref:`limited C" +" API `. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8496 +msgid ":gh:`108447`: Fix x86_64 GNU/Hurd build" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8498 +msgid "" +":gh:`107814`: When calling ``find_python.bat`` with ``-q`` it did not " +"properly silence the output of nuget. That is now fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8501 +msgid "" +":gh:`105481`: Remove the make target ``regen-opcode-targets``, merge its " +"work into ``regen-opcode`` which repeats most of the calculation. This " +"simplifies the code for the build and reduces code duplication." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8505 +msgid "" +":gh:`106881`: Check for ``linux/limits.h`` before including it in " +"``Modules/posixmodule.c``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8508 +msgid "" +":gh:`95855`: Refactor platform triplet detection code and add detection for " +"MIPS soft float and musl libc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8511 +msgid ":gh:`106962`: Detect MPI compilers in :file:`configure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8513 +msgid "" +":gh:`106118`: Fix compilation for platforms without :data:`!O_CLOEXEC`. The " +"issue was introduced with Python 3.12b1 in :gh:`103295`. Patch by Erlend " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8517 +msgid "" +":gh:`105875`: SQLite 3.15.2 or newer is required to build the :mod:`sqlite3`" +" extension module. Patch by Erlend Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8520 +msgid "" +":gh:`90005`: Fix a regression in :file:`configure` where we could end up " +"unintentionally linking with ``libbsd``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8523 +msgid "" +":gh:`102404`: Document how to perform a WASI build on Linux. Also add " +"Tools/wasm/build_wasi.sh as a reference implementation of the docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8526 +msgid "" +":gh:`89886`: Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.4 is now required to regenerate " +":file:`!configure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8529 +msgid "" +":gh:`104692`: Include ``commoninstall`` as a prerequisite for ``bininstall``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8531 +msgid "" +"This ensures that ``commoninstall`` is completed before ``bininstall`` is " +"started when parallel builds are used (``make -j install``), and so the " +"``python3`` symlink is only installed after all standard library modules are" +" installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8536 +msgid "" +":gh:`101538`: Add experimental wasi-threads support. Patch by Takashi " +"Yamamoto." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8542 +msgid "" +":gh:`110437`: Allows overriding the source of VC redistributables so that " +"releases can be guaranteed to never downgrade between updates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8545 +msgid ":gh:`109286`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.43.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8547 +msgid "" +":gh:`82367`: :func:`os.path.realpath` now resolves MS-DOS style file names " +"even if the file is not accessible. Patch by Moonsik Park." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8550 +msgid ":gh:`109991`: Update Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8552 +msgid "" +":gh:`106242`: Fixes :func:`~os.path.realpath` to behave consistently when " +"passed a path containing an embedded null character on Windows. In strict " +"mode, it now raises :exc:`OSError` instead of the unexpected " +":exc:`ValueError`, and in non-strict mode will make the path absolute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8557 +msgid "" +":gh:`83180`: Changes the :ref:`launcher` to prefer an active virtual " +"environment when the launched script has a shebang line using a Unix-like " +"virtual command, even if the command requests a specific version of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8562 +msgid "" +":gh:`106844`: Fix integer overflow and truncating by the null character in " +":func:`!_winapi.LCMapStringEx` which affects :func:`ntpath.normcase`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8565 +msgid "" +":gh:`105436`: Ensure that an empty environment block is terminated by two " +"null characters, as is required by Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8568 +msgid "" +":gh:`105146`: Updated the links at the end of the installer to point to " +"Discourse rather than the mailing lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8571 +msgid "" +":gh:`103646`: When installed from the Microsoft Store, ``pip`` no longer " +"defaults to per-user installs. However, as the install directory is " +"unwritable, it should automatically decide to do a per-user install anyway. " +"This should resolve issues when ``pip`` is passed an option that conflicts " +"with ``--user``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8577 +msgid "" +":gh:`88745`: Improve performance of :func:`shutil.copy2` by using the " +"operating system's ``CopyFile2`` function. This may result in subtle changes" +" to metadata copied along with some files, bringing them in line with normal" +" OS behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8582 +msgid "" +":gh:`104820`: Fixes :func:`~os.stat` and related functions on file systems " +"that do not support file ID requests. This includes FAT32 and exFAT." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8585 +msgid "" +":gh:`104803`: Add :func:`os.path.isdevdrive` to detect whether a path is on " +"a Windows Dev Drive. Returns ``False`` on platforms that do not support Dev " +"Drive, and is absent on non-Windows platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8592 +msgid ":gh:`109286`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.43.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8594 +msgid ":gh:`109991`: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8596 +msgid ":gh:`99079`: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8601 +msgid "" +":gh:`104719`: Remove IDLE's modification of tokenize.tabsize and test other " +"uses of tokenize data and methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8607 +msgid "" +":gh:`109991`: Update GitHub CI workflows to use OpenSSL 3.0.11 and " +"multissltests to use 1.1.1w, 3.0.11, and 3.1.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8610 +msgid "" +":gh:`108494`: `Argument Clinic `__ now has a partial support of the :ref:`Limited API " +"`: see `documentation in the Python Developer's Guide " +"`__ Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8617 +msgid "" +":gh:`107704`: It is now possible to deprecate passing keyword arguments for " +"keyword-or-positional parameters with Argument Clinic, using the new ``/ " +"[from X.Y]`` syntax. (To be read as *\"positional-only from Python version " +"X.Y\"*.) See `documentation in the Python Developer's Guide " +"`__ for more information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8624 +msgid "" +":gh:`107880`: Argument Clinic can now clone :meth:`!__init__` and " +":meth:`!__new__` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8627 +msgid ":gh:`104683`: Add ``--exclude`` option to Argument Clinic CLI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8629 +msgid "" +":gh:`95065`: Argument Clinic now supports overriding automatically generated" +" signature by using directive ``@text_signature``. See `documentation in the" +" Python Developer's Guide `__" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8634 +msgid "" +":gh:`107609`: Fix duplicate module check in Argument Clinic. Previously, a " +"duplicate definition would incorrectly be silently accepted. Patch by Erlend" +" E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8638 +msgid "" +":gh:`107467`: The Argument Clinic command-line tool now prints to stderr " +"instead of stdout on failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8641 +msgid "" +":gh:`106970`: Fix bugs in the Argument Clinic ``destination clear`` " +"command; the destination buffers would never be cleared, and the " +"``destination`` directive parser would simply continue to the fault handler " +"after processing the command. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8646 +msgid "" +":gh:`106706`: Change bytecode syntax for families to remove redundant name " +"matching pseudo syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8649 +msgid "" +":gh:`106359`: Argument Clinic now explicitly forbids \"kwarg splats\" in " +"function calls used as annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8652 +msgid "" +":gh:`103186`: ``freeze`` now fetches ``CONFIG_ARGS`` from the original " +"CPython instance the Makefile uses to call utility scripts. Patch by Ijtaba " +"Hussain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8656 +msgid "" +":gh:`95065`: It is now possible to deprecate passing parameters positionally" +" with Argument Clinic, using the new ``* [from X.Y]`` syntax. (To be read as" +" *\"keyword-only from Python version X.Y\"*.) See `documentation in the " +"Python Developer's Guide `__ for more information. " +"Patch by Erlend E. Aasland with help from Alex Waygood, Nikita Sobolev, and " +"Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8667 +msgid "" +":gh:`85283`: If the :c:macro:`Py_LIMITED_API` macro is defined, " +":c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE`, :c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN` and " +":c:macro:`!Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE` macros are now undefined by ````." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8672 +msgid "" +":gh:`110289`: Add :c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8AndSize` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EqualToUTF8` functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8675 +msgid "" +":gh:`110235`: Raise :exc:`TypeError` for duplicate/unknown fields in " +"``PyStructSequence`` constructor. Patched by Xuehai Pan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8678 +msgid "" +":gh:`110014`: Remove undocumented ``PY_TIMEOUT_MAX`` constant from the " +"limited C API. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8681 +msgid "" +":gh:`109521`: :c:func:`PyImport_GetImporter` now sets RuntimeError if it " +"fails to get :data:`sys.path_hooks` or :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` or " +"they are not list and dict correspondingly. Previously it could return NULL " +"without setting error in obscure cases, crash or raise SystemError if these " +"attributes have wrong type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8687 +msgid "" +":gh:`108724`: Add :c:type:`PyMutex` internal-only lightweight locking API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8689 +msgid "" +":gh:`85283`: Add :c:func:`PySys_AuditTuple` function: similar to " +":c:func:`PySys_Audit`, but pass event arguments as a Python :class:`tuple` " +"object. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8693 +msgid "" +":gh:`108867`: Add :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetUnchecked()` function: similar " +"to :c:func:`PyThreadState_Get()`, but don't kill the process with a fatal " +"error if it is NULL. The caller is responsible to check if the result is " +"NULL. Previously, the function was private and known as " +"``_PyThreadState_UncheckedGet()``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8699 +msgid "" +":gh:`108765`: ``Python.h`` no longer includes the ```` standard " +"header file. If needed, it should now be included explicitly. For example, " +"it provides ``isalpha()`` and ``tolower()`` functions which are locale " +"dependent. Python provides locale independent functions, like " +":c:func:`!Py_ISALPHA` and :c:func:`!Py_TOLOWER`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8705 +msgid "" +":gh:`108765`: ``Python.h`` no longer includes the ```` standard " +"header file. If needed, it should now be included explicitly. For example, " +"it provides the functions: ``close()``, ``getpagesize()``, ``getpid()`` and " +"``sysconf()``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8710 +msgid "" +":gh:`108765`: ``Python.h`` no longer includes the ```` standard " +"header. It was included for the ``finite()`` function which is now provided " +"by the ```` header. It should now be included explicitly if needed. " +"Remove also the ``HAVE_IEEEFP_H`` macro. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8716 +msgid "" +":gh:`108765`: ``Python.h`` no longer includes these standard header files: " +"````, ```` and ````. If needed, they " +"should now be included explicitly. For example, ```` provides the " +"``clock()`` and ``gmtime()`` functions, ```` provides the " +"``select()`` function, and ```` provides the ``futimes()``, " +"``gettimeofday()`` and ``setitimer()`` functions. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8723 +msgid "" +":gh:`108511`: Add functions :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrWithError`, " +":c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrStringWithError`, " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyWithError` and " +":c:func:`PyMapping_HasKeyStringWithError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8728 +msgid "" +":gh:`107073`: Add :c:func:`PyObject_VisitManagedDict` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_ClearManagedDict` functions which must be called by the " +"traverse and clear functions of a type using " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` flag. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8733 +msgid "" +":gh:`108634`: Python built with :file:`configure` :option:`--with-trace-" +"refs` (tracing references) now supports the :ref:`Limited API `. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8737 +msgid "" +":gh:`108014`: Add :c:func:`PyLong_AsInt` function: similar to " +":c:func:`PyLong_AsLong`, but store the result in a C :c:expr:`int` instead " +"of a C :c:expr:`long`. Previously, it was known as the private function " +":c:func:`!_PyLong_AsInt` (with an underscore prefix). Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8743 +msgid "" +":gh:`108314`: Add :c:func:`PyDict_ContainsString` function: same as " +":c:func:`PyDict_Contains`, but *key* is specified as a :c:expr:`const char*`" +" UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a :c:expr:`PyObject*`. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8748 +msgid "" +":gh:`108337`: Add atomic operations on additional data types in pyatomic.h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8750 +msgid "" +":gh:`108014`: Add :c:func:`Py_IsFinalizing` function: check if the main " +"Python interpreter is :term:`shutting down `. Patch by" +" Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8754 +msgid "" +":gh:`107916`: C API functions :c:func:`PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename`, " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename` and " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename` save now the error code before" +" calling :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8759 +msgid "" +":gh:`107915`: Such C API functions as ``PyErr_SetString()``, " +"``PyErr_Format()``, ``PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename()`` and many others no " +"longer crash or ignore errors if it failed to format the error message or " +"decode the filename. Instead, they keep a corresponding error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8764 +msgid "" +":gh:`107810`: Improve :exc:`DeprecationWarning` for uses of " +":c:type:`PyType_Spec` with metaclasses that have custom ``tp_new``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8767 +msgid "" +":gh:`107249`: Implement the :c:macro:`Py_UNUSED` macro for Windows MSVC " +"compiler. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8770 +msgid "" +":gh:`107226`: :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` is now only available in the " +"limited API version 3.10 or later." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8773 +msgid "" +":gh:`106320`: Remove private ``_PyUnicode_AsString()`` alias to " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8`. It was kept for backward compatibility with " +"Python 3.0 - 3.2. The :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` is available since Python " +"3.3. The :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8String` function can be used to keep " +"compatibility with Python 3.2 and older. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8779 +msgid "" +":gh:`106572`: Convert :c:func:`PyObject_DelAttr` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_DelAttrString` macros to functions. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8783 +msgid ":gh:`106307`: Add :c:func:`PyMapping_GetOptionalItem` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8785 +msgid "" +":gh:`106521`: Add :c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttr` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetOptionalAttrString` functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8788 +msgid "" +":gh:`106320`: Remove ``_PyInterpreterState_Get()`` alias to " +":c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get()` which was kept for backward compatibility" +" with Python 3.8. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8792 +msgid "" +":gh:`106316`: Remove ``cpython/pytime.h`` header file: it only contained " +"private functions. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8795 +msgid "" +":gh:`106023`: Remove private ``_PyObject_FastCall()`` function: use " +"``PyObject_Vectorcall()`` which is available since Python 3.8 (:pep:`590`). " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8799 +msgid "" +":gh:`106168`: If Python is built in :ref:`debug mode ` or " +":option:`with assertions <--with-assertions>`, :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` " +"and :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM` now check the index argument with an " +"assertion. If the assertion fails, make sure that the size is set before. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8805 +msgid "" +":gh:`106084`: Remove the old aliases to functions calling functions which " +"were kept for backward compatibility with Python 3.8 provisional API:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8808 +msgid "``_PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs()``: use ``PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8809 +msgid "``_PyObject_CallMethodOneArg()``: use ``PyObject_CallMethodOneArg()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8810 +msgid "``_PyObject_CallOneArg()``: use ``PyObject_CallOneArg()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8811 +msgid "``_PyObject_FastCallDict()``: use ``PyObject_VectorcallDict()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8812 +msgid "``_PyObject_Vectorcall()``: use ``PyObject_Vectorcall()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8813 +msgid "``_PyObject_VectorcallMethod()``: use ``PyObject_VectorcallMethod()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8814 +msgid "``_PyVectorcall_Function()``: use ``PyVectorcall_Function()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8816 +msgid "" +"Just remove the underscore prefix to update your code. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8819 +msgid "" +":gh:`106004`: Adds :c:func:`PyDict_GetItemRef` and " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemStringRef` functions: similar to " +":c:func:`PyDict_GetItemWithError` but returning a :term:`strong reference` " +"instead of a :term:`borrowed reference`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8824 +msgid "" +":gh:`105927`: Deprecate the :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` and " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` functions: use the new " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8828 +msgid "" +":gh:`105927`: Add :c:func:`PyWeakref_GetRef` function: similar to " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_GetObject` but returns a :term:`strong reference`, or " +"``NULL`` if the referent is no longer live. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8832 +msgid "" +":gh:`105922`: Add :c:func:`PyImport_AddModuleRef`: similar to " +":c:func:`PyImport_AddModule`, but return a :term:`strong reference` instead " +"of a :term:`borrowed reference`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8836 +msgid "" +":gh:`105227`: The new :c:func:`PyType_GetDict` provides the dictionary for " +"the given type object that is normally exposed by ``cls.__dict__``. Normally" +" it's sufficient to use :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dict`, but for the " +"static builtin types :c:member:`!tp_dict` is now always ``NULL``. " +":c:func:`!PyType_GetDict()` provides the correct dict object instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8842 +msgid "" +":gh:`105375`: Fix a bug in :c:func:`PyErr_WarnExplicit` where an exception " +"could end up being overwritten if the API failed internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8845 +msgid "" +":gh:`105603`: We've renamed the new (in 3.12) " +"``PyInterpreterConfig.own_gil`` to ``PyInterpreterConfig.gil`` and changed " +"the meaning of the value from \"bool\" to an integer with supported values " +"of ``PyInterpreterConfig_DEFAULT_GIL``, ``PyInterpreterConfig_SHARED_GIL``, " +"and ``PyInterpreterConfig_OWN_GIL``. The default is \"shared\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8851 +msgid "" +":gh:`105387`: In the limited C API version 3.12, :c:func:`Py_INCREF` and " +":c:func:`Py_DECREF` functions are now implemented as opaque function calls " +"to hide implementation details. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8855 +msgid "" +":gh:`105396`: Deprecate the :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` function " +"which is just an alias to :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` since Python 3.3. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8859 +msgid "" +":gh:`103968`: :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass` now allows metaclasses with " +"``tp_new`` set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8862 +msgid "" +":gh:`105268`: Remove the old private, undocumented and untested " +"``_PyGC_FINALIZED()`` macro which was kept for backward compatibility with " +"Python 3.8 and older. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8866 +msgid "" +":gh:`105182`: Remove ``PyEval_AcquireLock()`` and ``PyEval_ReleaseLock()`` " +"functions, deprecated in Python 3.2. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8869 +msgid "" +":gh:`105182`: Remove ``PyEval_InitThreads()`` and " +"``PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()`` functions, deprecated in Python 3.9. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8873 +msgid ":gh:`105145`: Deprecate old Python initialization functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8875 +msgid ":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`" + +#: ../NEWS:8876 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8877 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPath`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8878 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8879 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8880 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8881 +msgid ":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8885 +msgid "" +":gh:`85275`: ``PyObject_AsCharBuffer()``, ``PyObject_AsReadBuffer()``, " +"``PyObject_CheckReadBuffer()``, and ``PyObject_AsWriteBuffer()`` are " +"removed. Please migrate to new buffer protocol; :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`" +" and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8890 +msgid "" +":gh:`105156`: Deprecate the old ``Py_UNICODE`` and ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` " +"types: use directly the :c:type:`wchar_t` type instead. Since Python 3.3, " +"``Py_UNICODE`` and ``PY_UNICODE_TYPE`` are just aliases to " +":c:type:`wchar_t`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8895 +msgid "" +":gh:`105145`: Remove the following old functions to configure the Python " +"initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8898 +msgid "``PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8899 +msgid "``PySys_AddWarnOption()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8900 +msgid "``PySys_AddXOption()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8901 +msgid "``PySys_HasWarnOptions()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8902 +msgid "``PySys_SetArgvEx()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8903 +msgid "``PySys_SetArgv()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8904 +msgid "``PySys_SetPath()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8905 +msgid "``Py_SetPath()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8906 +msgid "``Py_SetProgramName()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8907 +msgid "``Py_SetPythonHome()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8908 +msgid "``Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8909 +msgid "``_Py_SetProgramFullPath()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8913 +msgid ":gh:`105107`: Remove functions deprecated in Python 3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8915 +msgid "" +"``PyEval_CallObject()``, ``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords()``: use " +":c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` and :c:func:`PyObject_Call` (positional " +"arguments must not be *NULL*) instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8918 +msgid "" +"``PyEval_CallFunction()``: use :c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8919 +msgid "``PyEval_CallMethod()``: use :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8920 +msgid "``PyCFunction_Call()``: use :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8924 +msgid "" +":gh:`105115`: ``PyTypeObject.tp_bases`` (and ``tp_mro``) for builtin static " +"types are now shared by all interpreters, whereas in 3.12-beta1 they were " +"stored on ``PyInterpreterState``. Also note that now the tuples are " +"immortal objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8929 +msgid "" +":gh:`105071`: Add ``PyUnstable_Exc_PrepReraiseStar`` to the unstable C api " +"to expose the implementation of :keyword:`except* `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8932 +msgid "" +":gh:`104922`: ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` is no longer required to use ``'#'`` " +"formats in APIs like :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` and :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`." +" They uses ``Py_ssize_t`` for ``'#'`` regardless ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8937 +msgid "" +":gh:`104584`: Add an unstable C API for hooking in an optimizer. This is " +"mainly internal, but marked \"unstable\" to allow third-party " +"experimentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8941 +msgid "" +":gh:`104668`: Don't call :c:var:`PyOS_InputHook` or " +":c:var:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` in subinterpreters, since it's " +"generally difficult to avoid using global state in their registered " +"callbacks. This also avoids situations where extensions may find themselves " +"running in a subinterpreter they don't support (or haven't yet been loaded " +"in)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8948 +msgid "" +":issue:`42327`: Add :c:func:`PyModule_Add` function: similar to " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` and :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject`, but always" +" steals a reference to the value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8952 +msgid "" +":issue:`40309`: Properly handle trailing spaces before closing parenthesis " +"in :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` format strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8957 +msgid "Python 3.12.0 beta 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8959 +msgid "*Release date: 2023-05-22*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8964 +msgid "" +":gh:`99889`: Fixed a security in flaw in :func:`!uu.decode` that could allow" +" for directory traversal based on the input if no ``out_file`` was " +"specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8968 +msgid "" +":gh:`104049`: Do not expose the local on-disk location in directory indexes " +"produced by :class:`http.client.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8971 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: Upgrade built-in :mod:`hashlib` SHA3 implementation to a " +"verified implementation from the ``HACL*`` project. Used when OpenSSL is " +"not present or lacks SHA3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8975 +msgid "" +":gh:`102153`: :func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` now strips leading C0 control " +"and space characters following the specification for URLs defined by WHATWG " +"in response to :cve:`2023-24329`. Patch by Illia Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8982 +msgid "" +":gh:`102856`: Implement PEP 701 changes in the :mod:`tokenize` module. Patch" +" by Marta Gómez Macías and Pablo Galindo Salgado" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8985 +msgid "" +":gh:`104615`: Fix wrong ordering of assignments in code like ``a, a = x, " +"y``. Contributed by Carl Meyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8988 +msgid "" +":gh:`104572`: Improve syntax error message for invalid constructs in " +":pep:`695` contexts and in annotations when ``from __future__ import " +"annotations`` is active." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8992 +msgid "" +":gh:`104482`: Fix three error handling bugs in ast.c's validation of pattern" +" matching statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:8995 +msgid "" +":gh:`102818`: Do not add a frame to the traceback in the ``sys.setprofile`` " +"and ``sys.settrace`` trampoline functions. This ensures that frames are not " +"duplicated if an exception is raised in the callback function, and ensures " +"that frames are not omitted if a C callback is used and that does not add " +"the frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9001 +msgid "" +":gh:`104405`: Fix an issue where some :term:`bytecode` instructions could " +"ignore :pep:`523` when \"inlining\" calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9004 +msgid "" +":gh:`103082`: Change behavior of ``sys.monitoring.events.LINE`` events in " +"``sys.monitoring``: Line events now occur when a new line is reached " +"dynamically, instead of using a static approximation, as before. This makes " +"the behavior very similar to that of \"line\" events in ``sys.settrace``. " +"This should ease porting of tools from 3.11 to 3.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9010 +msgid "" +":gh:`104263`: Fix ``float(\"nan\")`` to produce a quiet NaN on platforms " +"(like MIPS) where the meaning of the signalling / quiet bit is inverted from" +" its usual meaning. Also introduce a new macro ``Py_INFINITY`` matching " +"C99's ``INFINITY``, and refactor internals to rely on C99's ``NAN`` and " +"``INFINITY`` macros instead of hard-coding bit patterns for infinities and " +"NaNs. Thanks Sebastian Berg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9017 +msgid "" +":gh:`99113`: Multi-phase init extension modules may now indicate that they " +"support running in subinterpreters that have their own GIL. This is done by" +" using ``Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED`` as the value for the " +"``Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`` module def slot. Otherwise the module, by " +"default, cannot be imported in such subinterpreters. (This does not affect " +"the main interpreter or subinterpreters that do not have their own GIL.) In" +" addition to the isolation that multi-phase init already normally requires, " +"support for per-interpreter GIL involves one additional constraint: thread-" +"safety. If the module has external (linked) dependencies and those " +"libraries have any state that isn't thread-safe then the module must do the " +"additional work to add thread-safety. This should be an uncommon case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9030 +msgid "" +":gh:`99113`: The GIL is now (optionally) per-interpreter. This is the " +"fundamental change for PEP 684. This is all made possible by virtue of the " +"isolated state of each interpreter in the process. The behavior of the main" +" interpreter remains unchanged. Likewise, interpreters created using " +"``Py_NewInterpreter()`` are not affected. To get an interpreter with its " +"own GIL, call ``Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9037 +msgid "" +":gh:`104108`: Multi-phase init extension modules may now indicate whether or" +" not they actually support multiple interpreters. By default such modules " +"are expected to support use in multiple interpreters. In the uncommon case " +"that one does not, it may use the new ``Py_mod_multiple_interpreters`` " +"module def slot. A value of ``0`` means the module does not support them. " +"``1`` means it does. The default is ``1``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9045 +msgid "" +":gh:`104142`: Fix an issue where :class:`list` or :class:`tuple` repetition " +"could fail to respect :pep:`683`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9048 +msgid "" +":gh:`104078`: Improve the performance of :c:func:`PyObject_HasAttrString`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9050 +msgid "" +":gh:`104066`: Improve the performance of :func:`hasattr` for module objects " +"with a missing attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9053 +msgid "" +":gh:`104028`: Reduce object creation while calling callback function from " +"gc. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9056 +msgid "" +":gh:`104018`: Disallow the \"z\" format specifier in %-format of bytes " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9058 ../NEWS:9933 +msgid "" +":gh:`102213`: Fix performance loss when accessing an object's attributes " +"with ``__getattr__`` defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9061 +msgid "" +":gh:`103895`: Improve handling of edge cases in showing " +"``Exception.__notes__``. Ensures that the messages always end with a newline" +" and that string/bytes are not exploded over multiple lines. Patch by Carey " +"Metcalfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9066 +msgid "" +":gh:`103907`: Don't modify the refcounts of known immortal objects " +"(:const:`True`, :const:`False`, and :const:`None`) in the main interpreter " +"loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9070 +msgid "" +":gh:`103899`: Provide a helpful hint in the :exc:`TypeError` message when " +"accidentally calling a :term:`module` object that has a callable attribute " +"of the same name (such as :func:`dis.dis` or :class:`datetime.datetime`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9074 +msgid "" +":gh:`103845`: Remove both line and instruction instrumentation before adding" +" new ones for monitoring, to avoid newly added instrumentation being removed" +" immediately." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9078 +msgid "" +":gh:`103763`: Implement :pep:`695`, adding syntactic support for generic " +"classes, generic functions, and type aliases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9081 +msgid "" +"A new ``type X = ...`` syntax is added for type aliases, which resolves at " +"runtime to an instance of the new class ``typing.TypeAliasType``. The value " +"is lazily evaluated and is accessible through the ``.__value__`` attribute. " +"This is implemented as a new AST node ``ast.TypeAlias``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9086 +msgid "" +"New syntax (``class X[T]: ...``, ``def func[T](): ...``) is added for " +"defining generic functions and classes. This is implemented as a new " +"``type_params`` attribute on the AST nodes for classes and functions. This " +"node holds instances of the new AST classes ``ast.TypeVar``, " +"``ast.ParamSpec``, and ``ast.TypeVarTuple``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9092 +msgid "" +"``typing.TypeVar``, ``typing.ParamSpec``, ``typing.ParamSpecArgs``, " +"``typing.ParamSpecKwargs``, ``typing.TypeVarTuple``, and ``typing.Generic`` " +"are now implemented in C rather than Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9096 +msgid "" +"There are new bytecode instructions ``LOAD_LOCALS``, " +"``LOAD_CLASSDICT_OR_GLOBAL``, and ``LOAD_CLASSDICT_OR_DEREF`` to support " +"correct resolution of names in class namespaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9100 +msgid "Patch by Eric Traut, Larry Hastings, and Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9102 +msgid "" +":gh:`103801`: Adds three minor linting fixes to the wasm module caught that " +"were caught by ruff." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9105 +msgid "" +":gh:`103793`: Optimized asyncio Task creation by deferring expensive string " +"formatting (task name generation) from Task creation to the first time " +"``get_name`` is called. This makes asyncio benchmarks up to 5% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9109 +msgid ":gh:`102310`: Change the error range for invalid bytes literals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9111 +msgid "" +":gh:`103590`: Do not wrap a single exception raised from a ``try-except*`` " +"construct in an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9114 +msgid "" +":gh:`103650`: Change the perf map format to remove the '0x' prefix from the " +"addresses" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9117 +msgid "" +":gh:`102856`: Implement the required C tokenizer changes for PEP 701. Patch " +"by Pablo Galindo Salgado, Lysandros Nikolaou, Batuhan Taskaya, Marta Gómez " +"Macías and sunmy2019." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9121 +msgid "" +":gh:`100530`: Clarify the error message raised when the called part of a " +"class pattern isn't actually a class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9124 +msgid "" +":gh:`101517`: Fix bug in line numbers of instructions emitted for " +":keyword:`except* `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9127 +msgid "" +":gh:`103492`: Clarify :exc:`SyntaxWarning` with literal ``is`` comparison by" +" specifying which literal is problematic, since comparisons using ``is`` " +"with e.g. ``None`` and bool literals are idiomatic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9131 +msgid "" +":gh:`87729`: Add :opcode:`LOAD_SUPER_ATTR` (and a specialization for " +"``super().method()``) to speed up ``super().method()`` and ``super().attr``." +" This makes ``super().method()`` roughly 2.3x faster and brings it within " +"20% of the performance of a simple method call. Patch by Vladimir Matveev " +"and Carl Meyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9137 +msgid "" +":gh:`103488`: Change the internal offset distinguishing yield and return " +"target addresses, so that the instruction pointer is correct for exception " +"handling and other stack unwinding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9141 +msgid "" +":gh:`82012`: The bitwise inversion operator (``~``) on bool is deprecated. " +"It returns the bitwise inversion of the underlying ``int`` representation " +"such that ``bool(~True) == True``, which can be confusing. Use ``not`` for " +"logical negation of bools. In the rare case that you really need the bitwise" +" inversion of the underlying ``int``, convert to int explicitly ``~int(x)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9148 +msgid "" +":gh:`77757`: Exceptions raised in a typeobject's ``__set_name__`` method are" +" no longer wrapped by a :exc:`RuntimeError`. Context information is added to" +" the exception as a :pep:`678` note." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9152 +msgid "" +":gh:`103333`: :exc:`AttributeError` now retains the ``name`` attribute when " +"pickled and unpickled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9155 +msgid "" +":gh:`103242`: Migrate :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_ecdh_curve` method not to " +"use deprecated OpenSSL APIs. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9158 +msgid "" +":gh:`103323`: We've replaced our use of ``_PyRuntime.tstate_current`` with a" +" thread-local variable. This is a fairly low-level implementation detail, " +"and there should be no change in behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9162 +msgid "" +":gh:`84436`: The implementation of PEP-683 which adds Immortal Objects by " +"using a fixed reference count that skips reference counting to make objects " +"truly immutable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9166 +msgid "" +":gh:`102700`: Allow built-in modules to be submodules. This allows " +"submodules to be statically linked into a CPython binary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9169 +msgid ":gh:`103082`: Implement :pep:`669` Low Impact Monitoring for CPython." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9171 +msgid "" +":gh:`88691`: Reduce the number of inline :opcode:`CACHE` entries for " +":opcode:`CALL`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9174 +msgid "" +":gh:`102500`: Make the buffer protocol accessible in Python code using the " +"new ``__buffer__`` and ``__release_buffer__`` magic methods. See :pep:`688` " +"for details. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9178 +msgid "" +":gh:`97933`: :pep:`709`: inline list, dict and set comprehensions to improve" +" performance and reduce bytecode size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9181 +msgid "" +":gh:`99184`: Bypass instance attribute access of ``__name__`` in ``repr`` of" +" :class:`weakref.ref`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9184 +msgid "" +":gh:`98003`: Complex function calls are now faster and consume no C stack " +"space." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9187 +msgid "" +":issue:`39610`: ``len()`` for 0-dimensional :class:`memoryview` objects " +"(such as ``memoryview(ctypes.c_uint8(42))``) now raises a :exc:`TypeError`. " +"Previously this returned ``1``, which was not consistent with ``mem_0d[0]`` " +"raising an :exc:`IndexError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9192 +msgid "" +":issue:`31821`: Fix :func:`!pause_reading` to work when called from " +":func:`!connection_made` in :mod:`asyncio`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9198 +msgid "" +":gh:`104600`: :func:`functools.update_wrapper` now sets the " +"``__type_params__`` attribute (added by :pep:`695`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9201 +msgid "" +":gh:`104340`: When an ``asyncio`` pipe protocol loses its connection due to " +"an error, and the caller doesn't await ``wait_closed()`` on the " +"corresponding ``StreamWriter``, don't log a warning about an exception that " +"was never retrieved. After all, according to the ``StreamWriter.close()`` " +"docs, the ``wait_closed()`` call is optional (\"not mandatory\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9208 +msgid "" +":gh:`104555`: Fix issue where an :func:`issubclass` check comparing a class " +"``X`` against a :func:`runtime-checkable protocol " +"` ``Y`` with non-callable members would not cause " +":exc:`TypeError` to be raised if an :func:`isinstance` call had previously " +"been made comparing an instance of ``X`` to ``Y``. This issue was present in" +" edge cases on Python 3.11, but became more prominent in 3.12 due to some " +"unrelated changes that were made to runtime-checkable protocols. Patch by " +"Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9217 +msgid "" +":gh:`104372`: Refactored the ``_posixsubprocess`` internals to avoid Python " +"C API usage between fork and exec when marking ``pass_fds=`` file " +"descriptors inheritable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9221 +msgid "" +":gh:`104484`: Added *case_sensitive* argument to " +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.match`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9224 +msgid "" +":gh:`75367`: Fix data descriptor detection in " +":func:`inspect.getattr_static`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9227 +msgid "" +":gh:`104536`: Fix a race condition in the internal " +":mod:`multiprocessing.process` cleanup logic that could manifest as an " +"unintended ``AttributeError`` when calling ``process.close()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9231 +msgid "" +":gh:`103857`: Update datetime deprecations' stracktrace to point to the " +"calling line" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9234 +msgid "" +":gh:`101520`: Move the core functionality of the ``tracemalloc`` module in " +"the ``Python/`` folder, leaving just the module wrapper in ``Modules/``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9237 +msgid "" +":gh:`104392`: Remove undocumented and unused ``_paramspec_tvars`` attribute " +"from some classes in :mod:`typing`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9240 +msgid "" +":gh:`102613`: Fix issue where :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` raised " +":exc:`RecursionError` when walking deep directory trees." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9243 +msgid "" +":gh:`103000`: Improve performance of :func:`dataclasses.asdict` for the " +"common case where *dict_factory* is ``dict``. Patch by David C Ellis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9246 +msgid "" +":gh:`104301`: Allow leading whitespace in disambiguated statements in " +":mod:`pdb`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9249 +msgid "" +":gh:`104139`: Teach :func:`urllib.parse.unsplit` to retain the ``\"//\"`` " +"when assembling ``itms-services://?action=generate-bugs`` style `Apple " +"Platform Deployment `_ URLs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9255 +msgid "" +":gh:`104307`: :func:`socket.getnameinfo` now releases the GIL while " +"contacting the DNS server" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9258 +msgid "" +":gh:`104310`: Users may now use ``importlib.util.allowing_all_extensions()``" +" (a context manager) to temporarily disable the strict compatibility checks " +"for importing extension modules in subinterpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9262 +msgid "" +":gh:`87695`: Fix issue where :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` raised :exc:`OSError`" +" when it encountered a symlink to an overly long path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9265 +msgid "" +":gh:`104265`: Prevent possible crash by disallowing instantiation of the " +":class:`!_csv.Reader` and :class:`!_csv.Writer` types. The regression was " +"introduced in 3.10.0a4 with PR 23224 (:issue:`14935`). Patch by Radislav " +"Chugunov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9270 +msgid "" +":gh:`102613`: Improve performance of :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` when " +"expanding recursive wildcards (\"``**``\") by merging adjacent wildcards and" +" de-duplicating results only when necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9274 +msgid ":gh:`65772`: Remove unneeded comments and code in turtle.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9276 +msgid "" +":gh:`90208`: Fixed issue where :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` returned incomplete" +" results when it encountered a :exc:`PermissionError`. This method now " +"suppresses all :exc:`OSError` exceptions, except those raised from calling " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir` on the top-level path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9281 +msgid "" +":gh:`104144`: Optimize :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` when using " +":func:`asyncio.eager_task_factory`. Skip scheduling a done callback if a " +"TaskGroup task completes eagerly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9285 +msgid "" +":gh:`104144`: Optimize :func:`asyncio.gather` when using " +":func:`asyncio.eager_task_factory` to complete eagerly if all fututres " +"completed eagerly. Avoid scheduling done callbacks for futures that complete" +" eagerly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9290 +msgid "" +":gh:`104114`: Fix issue where :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` returns paths using " +"the case of non-wildcard segments for corresponding path segments, rather " +"than the real filesystem case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9294 +msgid "" +":gh:`104104`: Improve performance of :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` by using " +":const:`re.IGNORECASE` to implement case-insensitive matching." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9297 +msgid "" +":gh:`104102`: Improve performance of :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` when " +"evaluating patterns that contain ``'../'`` segments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9300 +msgid "" +":gh:`103822`: Update the return type of ``weekday`` to the newly added Day " +"attribute" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9303 +msgid "" +":gh:`103629`: Update the ``repr`` of :class:`typing.Unpack` according to " +":pep:`692`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9306 +msgid "" +":gh:`103963`: Make :mod:`dis` display the names of the args for " +":opcode:`!CALL_INTRINSIC_*`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9309 +msgid "" +":gh:`104035`: Do not ignore user-defined ``__getstate__`` and " +"``__setstate__`` methods for slotted frozen dataclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9312 +msgid "" +":gh:`103987`: In :mod:`mmap`, fix several bugs that could lead to access to " +"memory-mapped files after they have been invalidated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9315 +msgid ":gh:`103977`: Improve import time of :mod:`platform` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9317 +msgid "" +":gh:`88773`: Added :func:`turtle.teleport` to the :mod:`turtle` module to " +"move a turtle to a new point without tracing a line, visible or invisible. " +"Patch by Liam Gersten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9321 +msgid "" +":gh:`103935`: Use :func:`io.open_code` for files to be executed instead of " +"raw :func:`open`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9324 +msgid "" +":gh:`68968`: Fixed garbled output of :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual` " +"when an input lacks final newline." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9327 +msgid "" +":gh:`100370`: Fix potential :exc:`OverflowError` in " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.blobopen` for 32-bit builds. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9331 +msgid "" +":gh:`102628`: Substitute CTRL-D with CTRL-Z in :mod:`sqlite3` CLI banner " +"when running on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9334 +msgid "" +":gh:`103636`: Module-level attributes ``January`` and ``February`` are " +"deprecated from :mod:`calendar`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9337 +msgid "" +":gh:`103583`: Isolate :mod:`!_multibytecodec` and codecs extension modules. " +"Patches by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9340 +msgid "" +":gh:`103848`: Add checks to ensure that ``[`` bracketed ``]`` hosts found by" +" :func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` are of IPv6 or IPvFuture format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9343 +msgid ":gh:`103872`: Update the bundled copy of pip to version 23.1.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9345 +msgid "" +":gh:`99944`: Make :mod:`dis` display the value of oparg of " +":opcode:`!KW_NAMES`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9348 +msgid "" +":gh:`74940`: The C.UTF-8 locale is no longer converted to en_US.UTF-8, " +"enabling the use of UTF-8 encoding on systems which have no locales " +"installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9352 +msgid "" +":gh:`103861`: Fix ``zipfile.Zipfile`` creating invalid zip files when " +"``force_zip64`` was used to add files to them. Patch by Carey Metcalfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9355 +msgid "" +":gh:`103857`: Deprecated :meth:`datetime.datetime.utcnow` and " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp`. (Patch by Paul Ganssle)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9358 +msgid "" +":gh:`103839`: Avoid compilation error due to tommath.h not being found when " +"building Tkinter against Tcl 8.7 built with bundled libtommath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9361 +msgid "" +":gh:`103791`: :class:`contextlib.suppress` now supports suppressing " +"exceptions raised as part of an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`. If other exceptions " +"exist on the group, they are re-raised in a group that does not contain the " +"suppressed exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9366 +msgid "" +":gh:`90750`: Use :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar` in the " +"implementation of :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime`, which should now " +"accept only valid ISO dates. (Patch by Paul Ganssle)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9370 +msgid "" +":gh:`103685`: Prepare :meth:`tkinter.Menu.index` for Tk 8.7 so that it does " +"not raise ``TclError: expected integer but got \"\"`` when it should return " +"``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9374 +msgid "" +":gh:`81403`: :class:`urllib.request.CacheFTPHandler` no longer raises " +":class:`URLError` if a cached FTP instance is reused. ftplib's endtransfer " +"method calls voidresp to drain the connection to handle FTP instance reuse " +"properly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9379 +msgid "" +":gh:`103699`: Add ``__orig_bases__`` to non-generic TypedDicts, call-based " +"TypedDicts, and call-based NamedTuples. Other TypedDicts and NamedTuples " +"already had the attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9383 +msgid ":gh:`103693`: Add convenience variable feature to :mod:`pdb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9385 +msgid "" +":gh:`92248`: Deprecate ``type``, ``choices``, and ``metavar`` parameters of " +"``argparse.BooleanOptionalAction``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9388 +msgid "" +":gh:`89415`: Add :mod:`socket` constants for source-specific multicast. " +"Patch by Reese Hyde." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9391 +msgid "" +":gh:`103673`: :mod:`socketserver` gains ``ForkingUnixStreamServer`` and " +"``ForkingUnixDatagramServer`` classes. Patch by Jay Berry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9394 +msgid ":gh:`103636`: Added Enum for months and days in the calendar module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9396 +msgid "" +":gh:`84976`: Create a new ``Lib/_pydatetime.py`` file that defines the " +"Python version of the ``datetime`` module, and make ``datetime`` import the " +"contents of the new library only if the C implementation is missing. " +"Currently, the full Python implementation is defined and then deleted if the" +" C implementation is not available, slowing down ``import datetime`` " +"unnecessarily." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9403 +msgid "" +":gh:`103596`: Attributes/methods are no longer shadowed by same-named enum " +"members, although they may be shadowed by enum.property's." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9406 +msgid "" +":gh:`103584`: Updated ``importlib.metadata`` with changes from " +"``importlib_metadata`` 5.2 through 6.5.0, including: Support ``installed-" +"files.txt`` for ``Distribution.files`` when present. ``PackageMetadata`` now" +" stipulates an additional ``get`` method allowing for easy querying of " +"metadata keys that may not be present. ``packages_distributions`` now honors" +" packages and modules with Python modules that not ``.py`` sources (e.g. " +"``.pyc``, ``.so``). Expand protocol for ``PackageMetadata.get_all`` to match" +" the upstream implementation of ``email.message.Message.get_all`` in " +"python/typeshed#9620. Deprecated use of ``Distribution`` without defining " +"abstract methods. Deprecated expectation that " +"``PackageMetadata.__getitem__`` will return ``None`` for missing keys. In " +"the future, it will raise a ``KeyError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9419 +msgid "" +":gh:`103578`: Fixed a bug where :mod:`pdb` crashes when reading source file " +"with different encoding by replacing :func:`io.open` with " +":func:`io.open_code`. The new method would also call into the hook set by " +":c:func:`PyFile_SetOpenCodeHook`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9424 +msgid "" +":gh:`103556`: Now creating :class:`inspect.Signature` objects with " +"positional-only parameter with a default followed by a positional-or-keyword" +" parameter without one is impossible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9428 +msgid ":gh:`103559`: Update the bundled copy of pip to version 23.1.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9430 +msgid "" +":gh:`103548`: Improve performance of :meth:`pathlib.Path.absolute` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.cwd` by joining paths only when necessary. Also improve" +" performance of :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.is_absolute` on Posix by skipping " +"path parsing and normalization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9435 +msgid "" +":gh:`103538`: Remove ``_tkinter`` module code guarded by definition of the " +"``TK_AQUA`` macro which was only needed for Tk 8.4.7 or earlier and was " +"never actually defined by any build system or documented for manual use." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9439 +msgid ":gh:`103533`: Update :mod:`cProfile` to use PEP 669 API" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9441 +msgid "" +":gh:`103525`: Fix misleading exception message when mixed ``str`` and " +"``bytes`` arguments are supplied to :class:`pathlib.PurePath` and " +":class:`~pathlib.Path`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9445 +msgid "" +":gh:`103489`: Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.getconfig` and " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.setconfig` to :class:`~sqlite3.Connection` to " +"make configuration changes to a database connection. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9450 +msgid "" +":gh:`103365`: Set default Flag boundary to ``STRICT`` and fix bitwise " +"operations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9453 +msgid "" +":gh:`103472`: Avoid a potential :exc:`ResourceWarning` in " +":class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` by closing the proxy / tunnel's CONNECT " +"response explicitly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9457 +msgid "" +":gh:`103462`: Fixed an issue with using " +":meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.writelines` in :mod:`asyncio` to send very " +"large payloads that exceed the amount of data that can be written in one " +"call to :meth:`socket.socket.send` or :meth:`socket.socket.sendmsg`, " +"resulting in the remaining buffer being left unwritten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9463 +msgid "" +":gh:`103449`: Fix a bug in doc string generation in " +":func:`dataclasses.dataclass`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9466 +msgid "" +":gh:`103092`: Isolate :mod:`!_collections` (apply :pep:`687`). Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9469 +msgid "" +":gh:`103357`: Added support for :class:`logging.Formatter` ``defaults`` " +"parameter to :func:`logging.config.dictConfig` and " +":func:`logging.config.fileConfig`. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9473 +msgid ":gh:`103092`: Adapt the :mod:`winreg` extension module to :pep:`687`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9475 +msgid "" +":gh:`74690`: The performance of :func:`isinstance` checks against " +":func:`runtime-checkable protocols ` has been " +"considerably improved for protocols that only have a few members. To achieve" +" this improvement, several internal implementation details of the " +":mod:`typing` module have been refactored, including " +"``typing._ProtocolMeta.__instancecheck__``, " +"``typing._is_callable_members_only``, and ``typing._get_protocol_attrs``. " +"Patches by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9484 +msgid "" +":gh:`74690`: The members of a runtime-checkable protocol are now considered " +"\"frozen\" at runtime as soon as the class has been created. See " +":ref:`\"What's new in Python 3.12\" ` for more " +"details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9489 +msgid "" +":gh:`103256`: Fixed a bug that caused :mod:`hmac` to raise an exception when" +" the requested hash algorithm was not available in OpenSSL despite being " +"available separately as part of ``hashlib`` itself. It now falls back " +"properly to the built-in. This could happen when, for example, your OpenSSL " +"does not include SHA3 support and you want to compute ``hmac.digest(b'K', " +"b'M', 'sha3_256')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9496 +msgid ":gh:`102778`: Support ``sys.last_exc`` in :mod:`idlelib`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9498 +msgid ":gh:`103285`: Improve performance of :func:`ast.get_source_segment`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9500 +msgid "" +":gh:`103225`: Fix a bug in :mod:`pdb` when displaying line numbers of " +"module-level source code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9503 +msgid ":gh:`103092`: Adapt the :mod:`msvcrt` extension module to :pep:`687`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9505 +msgid "" +":gh:`103092`: Adapt the :mod:`winsound` extension module to :pep:`687`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9507 +msgid ":gh:`93910`: Remove deprecation of enum ``member.member`` access." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9509 +msgid "" +":gh:`102978`: Fixes :func:`unittest.mock.patch` not enforcing function " +"signatures for methods decorated with ``@classmethod`` or ``@staticmethod`` " +"when patch is called with ``autospec=True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9513 +msgid "" +":gh:`103092`: Isolate :mod:`!_socket` (apply :pep:`687`). Patch by Erlend E." +" Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9516 +msgid "" +":gh:`100479`: Add :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_segments`, which creates a " +"path object from arguments. This method is called whenever a derivative path" +" is created, such as from :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.parent`. Subclasses may " +"override this method to share information between path objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9521 +msgid "" +":gh:`103220`: Fix issue where :func:`os.path.join` added a slash when " +"joining onto an incomplete UNC drive with a trailing slash on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9524 +msgid "" +":gh:`103204`: Fixes :mod:`http.server` accepting HTTP requests with HTTP " +"version numbers preceded by '+', or '-', or with digit-separating '_' " +"characters. The length of the version numbers is also constrained." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9528 +msgid "" +":gh:`75586`: Fix various Windows-specific issues with ``shutil.which``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9530 +msgid "" +":gh:`103193`: Improve performance of :func:`inspect.getattr_static`. Patch " +"by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9533 +msgid "" +":gh:`103176`: :func:`sys._current_exceptions` now returns a mapping from " +"thread-id to an exception instance, rather than to a ``(typ, exc, tb)`` " +"tuple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9537 +msgid ":gh:`103143`: Polish the help messages and docstrings of :mod:`pdb`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9539 +msgid "" +":gh:`103015`: Add *entrypoint* keyword-only parameter to " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.load_extension`, for overriding the SQLite " +"extension entry point. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9543 +msgid "" +":gh:`103000`: Improve performance of :func:`dataclasses.astuple` and " +":func:`dataclasses.asdict` in cases where the contents are common Python " +"types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9547 +msgid "" +":gh:`102953`: The extraction methods in :mod:`tarfile`, and " +":func:`shutil.unpack_archive`, have a new a *filter* argument that allows " +"limiting tar features than may be surprising or dangerous, such as creating " +"files outside the destination directory. See :ref:`tarfile-extraction-" +"filter` for details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9553 +msgid "" +":gh:`97696`: Implemented an eager task factory in asyncio. When used as a " +"task factory on an event loop, it performs eager execution of coroutines. " +"Coroutines that are able to complete synchronously (e.g. return or raise " +"without blocking) are returned immediately as a finished task, and the task " +"is never scheduled to the event loop. If the coroutine blocks, the (pending)" +" task is scheduled and returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9560 +msgid "" +":gh:`81079`: Add *case_sensitive* keyword-only argument to " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9563 +msgid "" +":gh:`101819`: Isolate the :mod:`io` extension module by applying :pep:`687`." +" Patch by Kumar Aditya, Victor Stinner, and Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9566 +msgid ":gh:`91896`: Deprecate :class:`collections.abc.ByteString`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9568 +msgid "" +":gh:`101362`: Speed up :class:`pathlib.Path` construction by omitting the " +"path anchor from the internal list of path parts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9571 +msgid "" +":gh:`102114`: Functions in the :mod:`dis` module that accept a source code " +"string as argument now print a more concise traceback when the string " +"contains a syntax or indentation error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9575 +msgid "" +":gh:`62432`: The :mod:`unittest` runner will now exit with status code 5 if " +"no tests were run. It is common for test runner misconfiguration to fail to " +"find any tests, this should be an error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9579 +msgid "" +":gh:`78079`: Fix incorrect normalization of UNC device path roots, and " +"partial UNC share path roots, in :class:`pathlib.PurePath`. Pathlib no " +"longer appends a trailing slash to such paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9583 +msgid "" +":gh:`85984`: Add :func:`tty.cfmakeraw` and :func:`tty.cfmakecbreak` to " +":mod:`tty` and modernize, the behavior of :func:`tty.setraw` and " +":func:`tty.setcbreak` to use POSIX.1-2017 Chapter 11 \"General Terminal " +"Interface\" flag masks by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9588 +msgid "" +":gh:`101688`: Implement :func:`types.get_original_bases` to provide further " +"introspection for types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9591 +msgid "" +":gh:`101640`: :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` now catches errors when " +"writing messages, such as when :data:`sys.stderr` is ``None``. Patch by Oleg" +" Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9595 +msgid "" +":gh:`83861`: Fix datetime.astimezone method return value when invoked on a " +"naive datetime instance that represents local time falling in a timezone " +"transition gap. PEP 495 requires that instances with fold=1 produce earlier " +"times than those with fold=0 in this case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9600 +msgid "" +":gh:`89550`: Decrease execution time of some :mod:`gzip` file writes by 15% " +"by adding more appropriate buffering." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9603 +msgid "" +":gh:`95299`: Remove the bundled setuptools wheel from ``ensurepip``, and " +"stop installing setuptools in environments created by ``venv``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9606 +msgid "" +":gh:`99353`: Respect the :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` ``.debuglevel``" +" flag in :class:`urllib.request.AbstractHTTPHandler` when its constructor " +"parameter ``debuglevel`` is not set. And do the same for ``*HTTPS*``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9610 +msgid ":gh:`98040`: Remove the long-deprecated ``imp`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9612 +msgid "" +":gh:`97850`: Deprecate :func:`pkgutil.find_loader` and " +":func:`pkgutil.get_loader` in favor of :func:`importlib.util.find_spec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9615 +msgid "" +":gh:`94473`: Flatten arguments in :meth:`tkinter.Canvas.coords`. It now " +"accepts not only ``x1, y1, x2, y2, ...`` and ``[x1, y1, x2, y2, ...]``, but " +"also ``(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ...`` and ``[(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ...]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9619 +msgid "" +":gh:`98040`: Remove more deprecated importlib APIs: ``find_loader()``, " +"``find_module()``, ``importlib.abc.Finder``, ``pkgutil.ImpImporter``, " +"``pkgutil.ImpLoader``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9623 +msgid ":gh:`96522`: Fix potential deadlock in pty.spawn()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9625 +msgid ":gh:`96534`: Support divert(4) added in FreeBSD 14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9627 +msgid "" +":gh:`87474`: Fix potential file descriptor leaks in " +":class:`subprocess.Popen`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9630 +msgid "" +":gh:`94906`: Support multiple steps in :func:`math.nextafter`. Patch by " +"Shantanu Jain and Matthias Gorgens." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9633 +msgid "" +":gh:`51574`: Make :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp` return absolute paths when its " +"*dir* parameter is relative." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9636 +msgid "" +":gh:`94518`: Convert private :meth:`!_posixsubprocess.fork_exec` to use " +"Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9639 +msgid "" +":gh:`92184`: When creating zip files using :mod:`zipfile`, ``os.altsep``, if" +" not ``None``, will always be treated as a path separator even when it is " +"not ``/``. Patch by Carey Metcalfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9643 +msgid "" +":issue:`46797`: Deprecation warnings are now emitted for :class:`!ast.Num`, " +":class:`!ast.Bytes`, :class:`!ast.Str`, :class:`!ast.NameConstant` and " +":class:`!ast.Ellipsis`. These have been documented as deprecated since " +"Python 3.8, and will be removed in Python 3.14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9648 +msgid "" +":issue:`44844`: Enables :mod:`webbrowser` to detect and launch Microsoft " +"Edge browser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9651 +msgid "" +":issue:`45606`: Fixed the bug in :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` -- previously a " +"dangling symlink would not be found by this method when the pattern is an " +"exact match, but would be found when the pattern contains a wildcard or the " +"recursive wildcard (``**``). With this change, a dangling symlink will be " +"found in both cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9657 +msgid "" +":issue:`23041`: Add :const:`~csv.QUOTE_STRINGS` and " +":const:`~csv.QUOTE_NOTNULL` to the suite of :mod:`csv` module quoting " +"styles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9660 +msgid "" +":issue:`24964`: Added " +":meth:`http.client.HTTPConnection.get_proxy_response_headers` that provides " +"access to the HTTP headers on a proxy server response to the ``CONNECT`` " +"request." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9665 +msgid "" +":issue:`17258`: :mod:`multiprocessing` now supports stronger HMAC algorithms" +" for inter-process connection authentication rather than only HMAC-MD5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9668 +msgid "" +":issue:`39744`: Make :func:`asyncio.subprocess.Process.communicate` close " +"the subprocess's stdin even when called with ``input=None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9671 +msgid "" +":issue:`22708`: http.client CONNECT method tunnel improvements: Use HTTP 1.1" +" protocol; send a matching Host: header with CONNECT, if one is not " +"provided; convert IDN domain names to Punycode. Patch by Michael Handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9678 +msgid "" +":gh:`67056`: Document that the effect of registering or unregistering an " +":mod:`atexit` cleanup function from within a registered cleanup function is " +"undefined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9682 +msgid "" +":gh:`103629`: Mention the new way of typing ``**kwargs`` with ``Unpack`` and" +" ``TypedDict`` introduced in :pep:`692`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9685 +msgid "" +":gh:`48241`: Clarifying documentation about the url parameter to " +"urllib.request.urlopen and urllib.request.Request needing to be encoded " +"properly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9689 +msgid "" +":gh:`86094`: Add support for Unicode Path Extra Field in ZipFile. Patch by " +"Yeojin Kim and Andrea Giudiceandrea" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9692 +msgid "" +":gh:`99202`: Fix extension type from documentation for compiling in C++20 " +"mode" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9698 +msgid "" +":gh:`104494`: Update ``test_pack_configure_in`` and " +"``test_place_configure_in`` for changes to error message formatting in Tk " +"8.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9702 +msgid "" +":gh:`104461`: Run test_configure_screen on X11 only, since the ``DISPLAY`` " +"environment variable and ``-screen`` option for toplevels are not useful on " +"Tk for Win32 or Aqua." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9706 +msgid "" +":gh:`86275`: Added property-based tests to the :mod:`zoneinfo` tests, along " +"with stubs for the ``hypothesis`` interface. (Patch by Paul Ganssle)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9709 +msgid "" +":gh:`103329`: Regression tests for the behaviour of " +"``unittest.mock.PropertyMock`` were added." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9712 +msgid ":gh:`102795`: fix use of poll in test_epoll's test_control_and_wait" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9714 +msgid "" +":gh:`75729`: Fix the :func:`os.spawn* ` tests failing on Windows " +"when the working directory or interpreter path contains spaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9720 +msgid "" +":gh:`101282`: BOLT optimization is now applied to the libpython shared " +"library if building a shared library. BOLT instrumentation and application " +"settings can now be influenced via the ``BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS`` and " +"``BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS`` configure variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9725 +msgid ":gh:`99017`: ``PYTHON_FOR_REGEN`` now require Python 3.10 or newer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9727 +msgid "" +":gh:`104490`: Define ``.PHONY`` / virtual make targets consistently and " +"properly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9730 +msgid "" +":gh:`104106`: Add gcc fallback of mkfifoat/mknodat for macOS. Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9733 +msgid "" +":gh:`103532`: The ``TKINTER_PROTECT_LOADTK`` macro is no longer defined or " +"used in the ``_tkinter`` module. It was previously only defined when " +"building against Tk 8.4.13 and older, but Tk older than 8.5.12 has been " +"unsupported since :gh:`91152`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9738 +msgid "" +":gh:`99069`: Extended workaround defining ``static_assert`` when missing " +"from the libc headers to all clang and gcc builds. In particular, this fixes" +" building on macOS <= 10.10." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9742 +msgid "" +":gh:`100220`: Changed the default value of the ``SHELL`` Makefile variable " +"from ``/bin/sh`` to ``/bin/sh -e`` to ensure that complex recipes correctly " +"fail after an error. Previously, ``make install`` could fail to install some" +" files and yet return a successful result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9747 +msgid ":gh:`90656`: Add platform triplets for 64-bit LoongArch:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9749 +msgid "loongarch64-linux-gnusf" +msgstr "loongarch64-linux-gnusf" + +#: ../NEWS:9750 +msgid "loongarch64-linux-gnuf32" +msgstr "loongarch64-linux-gnuf32" + +#: ../NEWS:9751 +msgid "loongarch64-linux-gnu" +msgstr "loongarch64-linux-gnu" + +#: ../NEWS:9753 +msgid "Patch by Zhang Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9758 +msgid ":gh:`104623`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.42.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9760 +msgid "" +":gh:`82814`: Fix a potential ``[Errno 13] Permission denied`` when using " +":func:`shutil.copystat` within Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a " +"mounted filesystem by adding ``errno.EACCES`` to the list of ignored errors " +"within the internal implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9765 +msgid "" +":gh:`103088`: Fix virtual environment :file:`activate` script having " +"incorrect line endings for Cygwin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9768 +msgid "" +":gh:`103088`: Fixes venvs not working in bash on Windows across different " +"disks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9771 +msgid ":gh:`102997`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.41.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9773 +msgid "" +":gh:`88013`: Fixed a bug where :exc:`TypeError` was raised when calling " +":func:`ntpath.realpath` with a bytes parameter in some cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9779 +msgid ":gh:`99834`: Update macOS installer to Tcl/Tk 8.6.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9781 +msgid ":gh:`104623`: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.42.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9783 +msgid "" +":gh:`103545`: Add ``os.PRIO_DARWIN_THREAD``, ``os.PRIO_DARWIN_PROCESS``, " +"``os.PRIO_DARWIN_BG`` and ``os.PRIO_DARWIN_NONUI``. These can be used with " +"``os.setpriority`` to run the process at a lower priority and make use of " +"the efficiency cores on Apple Silicon systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9788 +msgid "" +":gh:`104180`: Support reading SOCKS proxy configuration from macOS System " +"Configuration. Patch by Sam Schott." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9791 +msgid "" +":gh:`60436`: update curses textbox to additionally handle backspace using " +"the ``curses.ascii.DEL`` key press." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9794 +msgid ":gh:`102997`: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.41.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9799 +msgid ":gh:`104499`: Fix completions for Tk Aqua 8.7 (currently blank)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9801 +msgid "" +":gh:`104496`: About prints both tcl and tk versions if different (expected " +"someday)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9804 +msgid ":gh:`88496`: Fix IDLE test hang on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9809 +msgid "" +":gh:`104389`: Argument Clinic C converters now accept the ``unused`` " +"keyword, for wrapping a parameter with :c:macro:`Py_UNUSED`. Patch by Erlend" +" E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9816 +msgid "" +":gh:`101291`: Added unstable C API for extracting the value of \"compact\" " +"integers: :c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact` and " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9820 +msgid "" +":gh:`104109`: We've added ``Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig()`` and " +"``PyInterpreterConfig`` to the public C-API (but not the stable ABI; not yet" +" at least). The new function may be used to create a new interpreter with " +"various features configured. The function was added to support PEP 684 " +"(per-interpreter GIL)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9826 +msgid "" +":gh:`103968`: :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` and its variants now allow creating " +"classes whose metaclass overrides :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_new`. The " +"``tp_new`` is ignored. This behavior is deprecated and will be disallowed in" +" 3.14+. The new :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass` already disallows it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9831 +msgid "" +":gh:`103743`: Add :c:func:`PyUnstable_Object_GC_NewWithExtraData` function " +"that can be used to allocate additional memory after an object for data not " +"managed by Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9835 +msgid "" +":gh:`103295`: Introduced :c:func:`PyUnstable_WritePerfMapEntry`, " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Init` and " +":c:func:`PyUnstable_PerfMapState_Fini`. These allow extension modules (JIT " +"compilers in particular) to write to perf-map files in a thread safe manner." +" The :doc:`../howto/perf_profiling` also uses these APIs to write entries in" +" the perf-map file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9842 +msgid "" +":gh:`103509`: Added C API for extending types whose instance memory layout " +"is opaque: :c:member:`PyType_Spec.basicsize` can now be zero or negative, " +":c:func:`PyObject_GetTypeData` can be used to get subclass-specific data, " +"and :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_END` can be used to safely extend " +"variable-size objects. See :pep:`697` for details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9848 +msgid "" +":gh:`103091`: Add a new C-API function to eagerly assign a version tag to a " +"PyTypeObject: ``PyUnstable_Type_AssignVersionTag()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9851 +msgid "" +":gh:`101408`: :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_Resize` should calculate preheader size " +"if needed. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9854 +msgid "" +":gh:`98836`: Add support of more formatting options (left aligning, octals, " +"uppercase hexadecimals, :c:type:`intmax_t`, :c:type:`ptrdiff_t`, " +":c:type:`wchar_t` C strings, variable width and precision) in " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9859 +msgid "" +":gh:`96803`: Add unstable C-API functions to get the code object, lasti and " +"line number from the internal ``_PyInterpreterFrame`` in the limited API. " +"The functions are:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9863 +msgid "" +"``PyCodeObject * PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetCode(struct " +"_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9864 +msgid "" +"``int PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLasti(struct _PyInterpreterFrame " +"*frame)``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9865 +msgid "" +"``int PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLine(struct _PyInterpreterFrame " +"*frame)``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9869 +msgid "Python 3.12.0 alpha 7" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9871 +msgid "*Release date: 2023-04-04*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9876 +msgid "" +":gh:`102192`: Deprecated ``_PyErr_ChainExceptions`` in favour of " +"``_PyErr_ChainExceptions1``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9879 +msgid "" +":gh:`89987`: Reduce the number of inline :opcode:`CACHE` entries for " +":opcode:`BINARY_SUBSCR`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9882 +msgid "" +":gh:`102859`: Removed :opcode:`!JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP` and " +":opcode:`!JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP` instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9885 +msgid "" +":gh:`101975`: Fixed ``stacktop`` value on tracing entries to avoid " +"corruption on garbage collection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9888 +msgid "" +":gh:`102778`: Add :data:`sys.last_exc` and deprecate :data:`sys.last_type`, " +":data:`sys.last_value` and :data:`sys.last_traceback`, which hold the same " +"information in its legacy form." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9892 +msgid "" +":gh:`100982`: Replace all occurrences of ``COMPARE_AND_BRANCH`` with " +":opcode:`COMPARE_OP`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9895 +msgid ":gh:`102701`: Fix overflow when creating very large dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9897 +msgid "" +":gh:`102755`: Add :c:func:`PyErr_DisplayException` which takes just an " +"exception instance, to replace the legacy :c:func:`PyErr_Display` which " +"takes the ``(typ, exc, tb)`` triplet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9901 +msgid "" +":gh:`102594`: Add note to exception raised in ``PyErr_SetObject`` when " +"normalization fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9904 +msgid "" +":gh:`90997`: Shrink the number of inline :opcode:`CACHE` entries used by " +":opcode:`LOAD_GLOBAL`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9907 +msgid "" +":gh:`102491`: Improve import time of ``platform`` by removing IronPython " +"version parsing. The IronPython version parsing was not functional (see " +"https://github.com/IronLanguages/ironpython3/issues/1667)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9911 +msgid "" +":gh:`101291`: Rearrage bits in first field (after header) of PyLongObject. *" +" Bits 0 and 1: 1 - sign. I.e. 0 for positive numbers, 1 for zero and 2 for " +"negative numbers. * Bit 2 reserved (probably for the immortal bit) * Bits 3+" +" the unsigned size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9916 +msgid "" +"This makes a few operations slightly more efficient, and will enable a more " +"compact and faster 2s-complement representation of most ints in future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9920 +msgid "" +":gh:`102397`: Fix segfault from race condition in signal handling during " +"garbage collection. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9923 +msgid "" +":gh:`102406`: :mod:`codecs` encoding/decoding errors now get the context " +"information (which operation and which codecs) attached as :pep:`678` notes " +"instead of through chaining a new instance of the exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9927 +msgid "" +":gh:`102281`: Fix potential nullptr dereference and use of uninitialized " +"memory in fileutils. Patch by Max Bachmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9930 +msgid "" +":gh:`102300`: Reuse operands with refcount of 1 in float specializations of " +"BINARY_OP." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9936 +msgid "" +":gh:`102255`: Improve build support for the Xbox. Patch by Max Bachmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9938 +msgid "" +":gh:`102027`: Fix SSE2 and SSE3 detection in ``_blake2`` internal module. " +"Patch by Max Bachmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9941 +msgid "" +":gh:`101865`: Deprecate ``co_lnotab`` in code objects, schedule it for " +"removal in Python 3.14" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9944 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Adapt :mod:`!_pickle` to :pep:`687`. Patch by Mohamed " +"Koubaa and Erlend Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9950 +msgid "" +":gh:`103085`: Pure python :func:`locale.getencoding` will not warn " +"deprecation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9953 +msgid "" +":gh:`103068`: It's no longer possible to register conditional breakpoints in" +" :class:`~pdb.Pdb` that raise :exc:`SyntaxError`. Patch by Tian Gao." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9956 +msgid ":gh:`102549`: Don't ignore exceptions in member type creation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9958 +msgid "" +":gh:`103056`: Ensure final ``_generate_next_value_`` is a ``staticmethod``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9960 +msgid "" +":gh:`103046`: Display current line label correctly in :mod:`dis` when " +"``show_caches`` is False and ``lasti`` points to a CACHE entry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9963 +msgid "" +":gh:`102433`: :func:`isinstance` checks against :func:`runtime-checkable " +"protocols ` now use :func:`inspect.getattr_static`" +" rather than :func:`hasattr` to lookup whether attributes exist. This means " +"that descriptors and :meth:`~object.__getattr__` methods are no longer " +"unexpectedly evaluated during ``isinstance()`` checks against runtime-" +"checkable protocols. However, it may also mean that some objects which used " +"to be considered instances of a runtime-checkable protocol may no longer be " +"considered instances of that protocol on Python 3.12+, and vice versa. Most " +"users are unlikely to be affected by this change. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9974 +msgid "" +":gh:`103023`: It's no longer possible to register expressions to display in " +":class:`~pdb.Pdb` that raise :exc:`SyntaxError`. Patch by Tian Gao." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9977 +msgid "" +":gh:`102947`: Improve traceback when :func:`dataclasses.fields` is called on" +" a non-dataclass. Patch by Alex Waygood" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9980 +msgid "" +":gh:`102780`: The :class:`asyncio.Timeout` context manager now works " +"reliably even when performing cleanup due to task cancellation. Previously " +"it could raise a :exc:`~asyncio.CancelledError` instead of an " +":exc:`~asyncio.TimeoutError` in such cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9985 +msgid "" +":gh:`102871`: Remove support for obsolete browsers from :mod:`webbrowser`. " +"Removed browsers include Grail, Mosaic, Netscape, Galeon, Skipstone, Iceape," +" Firebird, and Firefox versions 35 and below." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9989 +msgid "" +":gh:`102839`: Improve performance of :func:`math.log` arguments handling by " +"removing the argument clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9992 +msgid "" +":gh:`102828`: Add the ``onexc`` arg to :func:`shutil.rmtree`, which is like " +"``onerror`` but expects an exception instance rather than an exc_info tuple." +" Deprecate ``onerror``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:9996 +msgid "" +":gh:`88965`: typing: Fix a bug relating to substitution in custom classes " +"generic over a :class:`~typing.ParamSpec`. Previously, if the ``ParamSpec`` " +"was substituted with a parameters list that itself contained a " +":class:`~typing.TypeVar`, the ``TypeVar`` in the parameters list could not " +"be subsequently substituted. This is now fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10002 +msgid "Patch by Nikita Sobolev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10004 +msgid "" +":gh:`76846`: Fix issue where ``__new__()`` and ``__init__()`` methods of " +":class:`pathlib.PurePath` and :class:`~pathlib.Path` subclasses were not " +"called in some circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10008 +msgid "" +":gh:`78530`: :func:`asyncio.wait` now accepts generators yielding tasks. " +"Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10011 +msgid "" +":gh:`102748`: :func:`asyncio.iscoroutine` now returns ``False`` for " +"generators as :mod:`asyncio` does not support legacy generator-based " +"coroutines. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10015 +msgid "" +":gh:`102670`: Optimized fmean(), correlation(), covariance(), and " +"linear_regression() using the new math.sumprod() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10018 +msgid "" +":gh:`102615`: Typing: Improve the ``repr`` of generic aliases for classes " +"generic over a :class:`~typing.ParamSpec`. (Use square brackets to represent" +" a parameter list.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10022 +msgid "" +":gh:`100112`: :meth:`asyncio.Task.get_coro` now always returns a coroutine " +"when wrapping an awaitable object. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10025 +msgid "" +":gh:`102578`: Speed up setting or deleting mutable attributes on non-" +"dataclass subclasses of frozen dataclasses. Due to the implementation of " +"``__setattr__`` and ``__delattr__`` for frozen dataclasses, this previously " +"had a time complexity of *O*\\ (*n*). It now has a time complexity of *O*\\ " +"(1)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10031 +msgid "" +":gh:`102519`: Add :func:`os.listdrives`, :func:`os.listvolumes` and " +":func:`os.listmounts` functions on Windows for enumerating drives, volumes " +"and mount points" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10035 +msgid "" +":gh:`74468`: Attribute name of the extracted :mod:`tarfile` file object now " +"holds filename of itself rather than of the archive it is contained in. " +"Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10039 +msgid "" +":gh:`102378`: Private helper method " +"``inspect._signature_strip_non_python_syntax`` will no longer strip ``/`` " +"from the input string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10043 +msgid "" +":gh:`79940`: Add :func:`inspect.getasyncgenstate` and " +":func:`inspect.getasyncgenlocals`. Patch by Thomas Krennwallner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10046 +msgid "" +":gh:`102103`: Add ``module`` argument to :func:`dataclasses.make_dataclass` " +"and make classes produced by it pickleable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10049 +msgid "" +":gh:`102069`: Fix ``__weakref__`` descriptor generation for custom " +"dataclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10052 +msgid "" +":gh:`102038`: Skip a ``stat`` in :mod:`site` if we have already found a " +"``pyvenv.cfg``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10055 +msgid "" +":gh:`98886`: Fix issues when defining dataclasses that have fields with " +"specific underscore names that aren't clearly reserved by " +":mod:`dataclasses`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10059 +msgid "" +":gh:`101673`: Fix a :mod:`pdb` bug where ``ll`` clears the changes to local " +"variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10062 +msgid ":gh:`101313`: Added -h and --help arguments to the webbrowser CLI" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10064 +msgid "" +":gh:`100372`: :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_verify_locations` no longer " +"incorrectly accepts some cases of trailing data when parsing DER." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10067 +msgid "" +":gh:`89727`: Fix pathlib.Path.walk RecursionError on deep directory trees by" +" rewriting it using iteration instead of recursion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10070 +msgid "" +":gh:`100131`: Added an optional ``delete`` keyword argument to " +":class:`tempfile.TemporaryDirectory`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10073 +msgid "" +":gh:`48330`: Added ``--durations`` command line option, showing the N " +"slowest test cases. :class:`unittest.TextTestRunner` and " +":class:`unittest.TextTestResult` constructors accept a new *durations* " +"keyword argument. Subclasses should take this into account or accept " +"``**kwargs``. Added :meth:`unittest.TestResult.addDuration` method and " +":attr:`unittest.TestResult.collectedDurations` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10080 +msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10082 +msgid "" +":gh:`98169`: Fix :func:`dataclasses.astuple` crash when " +":class:`collections.defaultdict` is present in the attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10085 +msgid "" +":gh:`96931`: Fix incorrect results from :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.shared_ciphers`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10087 +msgid "" +":gh:`95495`: When built against OpenSSL 3.0, the :mod:`ssl` module had a bug" +" where it reported unauthenticated EOFs (i.e. without close_notify) as a " +"clean TLS-level EOF. It now raises :exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError`, matching the " +"behavior in previous versions of OpenSSL. The " +":attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.options` attribute on :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` also " +"no longer includes :const:`~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF` by default. This " +"option may be set to specify the previous OpenSSL 3.0 behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10095 +msgid "" +":gh:`94684`: Now :func:`uuid.uuid3` and :func:`uuid.uuid5` functions support" +" :class:`bytes` objects as their *name* argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10098 +msgid "" +":gh:`94440`: Fix a :mod:`concurrent.futures.process` bug where " +"``ProcessPoolExecutor`` shutdown could hang after a future has been quickly " +"submitted and canceled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10102 +msgid "" +":gh:`72346`: Added deprecation warning to *isdst* parameter of " +":func:`email.utils.localtime`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10105 +msgid "" +":issue:`36305`: Fix handling of Windows filenames that resemble drives, such" +" as ``./a:b``, in :mod:`pathlib`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10111 +msgid "" +":gh:`103112`: Add docstring to :meth:`http.client.HTTPResponse.read` to fix " +"``pydoc`` output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10117 +msgid ":gh:`102980`: Improve test coverage on :mod:`pdb`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10119 +msgid "" +":gh:`102537`: Adjust the error handling strategy in " +"``test_zoneinfo.TzPathTest.python_tzpath_context``. Patch by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10122 +msgid ":gh:`101377`: Improved test_locale_calendar_formatweekday of calendar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10127 +msgid "" +":gh:`102973`: Add a dev container (along with accompanying Dockerfile) for " +"development purposes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10130 +msgid ":gh:`102711`: Fix ``-Wstrict-prototypes`` compiler warnings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10135 +msgid "" +":gh:`102690`: Update :mod:`webbrowser` to fall back to Microsoft Edge " +"instead of Internet Explorer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10138 +msgid "" +":gh:`99726`: Improves correctness of stat results for Windows, and uses " +"faster API when available" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10144 +msgid ":gh:`102809`: ``Misc/gdbinit`` was removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10149 +msgid "" +":gh:`102013`: Add a new (unstable) C-API function for iterating over GC'able" +" objects using a callback: ``PyUnstable_VisitObjects``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10154 +msgid "Python 3.12.0 alpha 6" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10156 +msgid "*Release date: 2023-03-07*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10161 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: Replace builtin hashlib implementations of MD5 and SHA1 with " +"verified ones from the HACL* project." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10164 +msgid "" +":gh:`101727`: Updated the OpenSSL version used in Windows and macOS binary " +"release builds to 1.1.1t to address :cve:`2023-0286`, :cve:`2022-4303`, and " +":cve:`2022-4303` per `the OpenSSL 2023-02-07 security advisory " +"`_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10169 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: Replace the builtin :mod:`hashlib` implementations of SHA2-384 " +"and SHA2-512 originally from LibTomCrypt with formally verified, side-" +"channel resistant code from the `HACL* `_ project. The builtins remain a fallback only used when OpenSSL does" +" not provide them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10175 +msgid "" +":gh:`101283`: :class:`subprocess.Popen` now uses a safer approach to find " +"``cmd.exe`` when launching with ``shell=True``. Patch by Eryk Sun, based on " +"a patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10182 +msgid "" +":gh:`102493`: Fix regression in semantics of normalisation in " +"``PyErr_SetObject``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10185 +msgid "" +":gh:`102416`: Do not memoize incorrectly automatically generated loop rules " +"in the parser. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10188 +msgid "" +":gh:`102356`: Fix a bug that caused a crash when deallocating deeply nested " +"filter objects. Patch by Marta Gómez Macías." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10191 +msgid "" +":gh:`102336`: Cleanup Windows 7 specific special handling. Patch by Max " +"Bachmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10194 +msgid "" +":gh:`102250`: Fixed a segfault occurring when the interpreter calls a " +"``__bool__`` method that raises." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10197 +msgid "" +":gh:`102126`: Fix deadlock at shutdown when clearing thread states if any " +"finalizer tries to acquire the runtime head lock. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10200 +msgid "" +":gh:`102027`: Use ``GetCurrentProcessId`` on Windows when ``getpid`` is " +"unavailable. Patch by Max Bachmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10203 +msgid "" +":gh:`102056`: Fix error handling bugs in interpreter's exception printing " +"code, which could cause a crash on infinite recursion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10206 +msgid "" +":gh:`100982`: Restrict the scope of the :opcode:`FOR_ITER_RANGE` instruction" +" to the scope of the original :opcode:`FOR_ITER` instruction, to allow " +"instrumentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10210 +msgid "" +":gh:`101967`: Fix possible segfault in ``positional_only_passed_as_keyword``" +" function, when new list created." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10213 +msgid "" +":gh:`101952`: Fix possible segfault in ``BUILD_SET`` opcode, when new set " +"created." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10216 +msgid "" +":gh:`74895`: :mod:`socket.getaddrinfo` no longer raises " +":class:`OverflowError` for :class:`int` **port** values outside of the C " +"long range. Out of range values are left up to the underlying string based C" +" library API to report. A :class:`socket.gaierror` ``SAI_SERVICE`` may occur" +" instead, or no error at all as not all platform C libraries generate an " +"error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10223 +msgid "" +":gh:`101799`: Add :opcode:`CALL_INTRINSIC_2` and use it instead of " +":opcode:`!PREP_RERAISE_STAR`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10226 +msgid "" +":gh:`101857`: Fix xattr support detection on Linux systems by widening the " +"check to linux, not just glibc. This fixes support for musl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10229 +msgid "" +":gh:`84783`: Make the slice object hashable. Patch by Will Bradshaw and " +"Furkan Onder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10232 +msgid "" +":gh:`87849`: Change the ``SEND`` instruction to leave the receiver on the " +"stack. This allows the specialized form of ``SEND`` to skip the chain of C " +"calls and jump directly to the ``RESUME`` in the generator or coroutine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10236 +msgid "" +":gh:`101765`: Fix SystemError / segmentation fault in iter ``__reduce__`` " +"when internal access of ``builtins.__dict__`` keys mutates the iter object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10240 +msgid "" +":gh:`101430`: Update :mod:`tracemalloc` to handle presize of object " +"properly. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10243 +msgid "" +":gh:`101696`: Invalidate type version tag in ``_PyStaticType_Dealloc`` for " +"static types, avoiding bug where a false cache hit could crash the " +"interpreter. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10247 +msgid ":gh:`101632`: Adds a new :opcode:`RETURN_CONST` instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10249 +msgid "" +":gh:`100719`: Remove gi_code field from generator (and coroutine and async " +"generator) objects as it is redundant. The frame already includes a " +"reference to the code object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10253 +msgid "" +":gh:`98627`: When an interpreter is configured to check (and only then), " +"importing an extension module will now fail when the extension does not " +"support multiple interpreters (i.e. doesn't implement PEP 489 multi-phase " +"init). This does not apply to the main interpreter, nor to subinterpreters " +"created with ``Py_NewInterpreter()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10262 +msgid "" +":gh:`102302`: Micro-optimise hashing of :class:`inspect.Parameter`, reducing" +" the time it takes to hash an instance by around 40%." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10265 +msgid "" +":gh:`101979`: Fix a bug where parentheses in the ``metavar`` argument to " +":meth:`argparse.ArgumentParser.add_argument` were dropped. Patch by Yeojin " +"Kim." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10269 +msgid "" +":gh:`91038`: :meth:`platform.platform` now has boolean default arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10271 +msgid "" +":gh:`81652`: Add :const:`mmap.MAP_ALIGNED_SUPER` FreeBSD and " +":const:`mmap.MAP_CONCEAL` OpenBSD constants to :mod:`mmap`. Patch by Yeojin " +"Kim." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10275 +msgid ":gh:`102179`: Fix :func:`os.dup2` error message for negative fds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10277 +msgid "" +":gh:`101961`: For the binary mode, :func:`fileinput.hookcompressed` doesn't " +"set the ``encoding`` value even if the value is ``None``. Patch by Gihwan " +"Kim." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10281 +msgid "" +":gh:`101936`: The default value of ``fp`` becomes :class:`io.BytesIO` if " +":exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` is initialized without a designated ``fp`` " +"parameter. Patch by Long Vo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10285 +msgid "" +":gh:`101566`: In zipfile, sync Path with `zipp 3.14 " +"`_, including " +"fix for extractall on the underlying zipfile after being wrapped in " +"``Path``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10290 +msgid "" +":gh:`97930`: Apply changes from `importlib_resources 5.12 " +"`_, including fix " +"for ``MultiplexedPath`` to support directories in multiple namespaces " +"(python/importlib_resources#265)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10295 +msgid ":gh:`101997`: Upgrade pip wheel bundled with ensurepip (pip 23.0.1)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10297 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: The built-in extension modules for :mod:`hashlib` SHA2 " +"algorithms, used when OpenSSL does not provide them, now live in a single " +"internal ``_sha2`` module instead of separate ``_sha256`` and ``_sha512`` " +"modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10302 +msgid "" +":gh:`101892`: Callable iterators no longer raise :class:`SystemError` when " +"the callable object exhausts the iterator but forgets to either return a " +"sentinel value or raise :class:`StopIteration`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10306 +msgid "" +":gh:`87634`: Remove locking behavior from :func:`functools.cached_property`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10308 +msgid "" +":gh:`97786`: Fix potential undefined behaviour in corner cases of floating-" +"point-to-time conversions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10311 +msgid "" +":gh:`101517`: Fixed bug where :mod:`bdb` looks up the source line with " +":mod:`linecache` with a ``lineno=None``, which causes it to fail with an " +"unhandled exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10315 +msgid "" +":gh:`101773`: Optimize :class:`fractions.Fraction` for small components. The" +" private argument ``_normalize`` of the :class:`fractions.Fraction` " +"constructor has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10319 +msgid "" +":gh:`101693`: In :meth:`sqlite3.Cursor.execute`, :exc:`DeprecationWarning` " +"is now emitted when :ref:`named placeholders ` are " +"used together with parameters supplied as a :term:`sequence` instead of as a" +" :class:`dict`. Starting from Python 3.14, using named placeholders with " +"parameters supplied as a sequence will raise a " +":exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError`. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10326 +msgid "" +":gh:`101446`: Change repr of :class:`collections.OrderedDict` to use regular" +" dictionary formatting instead of pairs of keys and values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10329 +msgid "" +":gh:`101362`: Speed up :class:`pathlib.PurePath` construction by handling " +"arguments more uniformly. When a :class:`pathlib.Path` argument is supplied," +" we use its string representation rather than joining its parts with " +":func:`os.path.join`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10334 +msgid "" +":gh:`101362`: Speed up :class:`pathlib.PurePath` construction by calling " +":func:`os.path.join` only when two or more arguments are given." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10337 +msgid "" +":gh:`101362`: Speed up :class:`pathlib.Path` construction by running the " +"path flavour compatibility check only when pathlib is imported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10340 +msgid "" +":gh:`85984`: Refactored the implementation of :func:`pty.fork` to use " +":func:`os.login_tty`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10343 +msgid "" +"A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is now raised by ``pty.master_open()`` and " +"``pty.slave_open()``. They were undocumented and deprecated long long ago in" +" the docstring in favor of :func:`pty.openpty`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10347 +msgid "" +":gh:`101561`: Add a new decorator :func:`typing.override`. See :pep:`698` " +"for details. Patch by Steven Troxler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10350 +msgid ":gh:`63301`: Set exit code when :mod:`tabnanny` CLI exits on error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10352 +msgid "" +":gh:`101360`: Fix anchor matching in :meth:`pathlib.PureWindowsPath.match`. " +"Path and pattern anchors are now matched with :mod:`fnmatch`, just like " +"other path parts. This allows patterns such as ``\"*:/Users/*\"`` to be " +"matched." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10357 +msgid "" +":gh:`101277`: Remove global state from :mod:`itertools` module (:pep:`687`)." +" Patches by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10360 +msgid "" +":gh:`100809`: Fix handling of drive-relative paths (like 'C:' and 'C:foo') " +"in :meth:`pathlib.Path.absolute`. This method now uses the OS API to " +"retrieve the correct current working directory for the drive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10364 +msgid "" +":gh:`99138`: Apply :pep:`687` to :mod:`zoneinfo`. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10366 +msgid "" +":gh:`96764`: :func:`asyncio.wait_for` now uses :func:`asyncio.timeout` as " +"its underlying implementation. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10369 +msgid "" +":gh:`88233`: Correctly preserve \"extra\" fields in ``zipfile`` regardless " +"of their ordering relative to a zip64 \"extra.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10372 +msgid "" +":issue:`23224`: Fix segfaults when creating :class:`lzma.LZMADecompressor` " +"and :class:`bz2.BZ2Decompressor` objects without calling ``__init__()``, and" +" fix leakage of locks and internal buffers when calling the ``__init__()`` " +"methods of :class:`lzma.LZMADecompressor`, :class:`lzma.LZMACompressor`, " +":class:`bz2.BZ2Compressor`, and :class:`bz2.BZ2Decompressor` objects " +"multiple times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10382 +msgid "" +":gh:`85417`: Update :mod:`cmath` documentation to clarify behaviour on " +"branch cuts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10385 +msgid "" +":gh:`97725`: Fix :meth:`asyncio.Task.print_stack` description for " +"``file=None``. Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10391 +msgid "" +":gh:`102019`: Fix deadlock on shutdown if " +"``test_current_{exception,frames}`` fails. Patch by Jacob Bower." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10394 +msgid ":gh:`85984`: Utilize new \"winsize\" functions from termios in pty tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10396 +msgid "" +":gh:`89792`: ``test_tools`` now copies up to 10x less source data to a " +"temporary directory during the ``freeze`` test by ignoring git metadata and " +"other artifacts. It also limits its python build parallelism based on " +"os.cpu_count instead of hard coding it as 8 cores." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10404 +msgid "" +":gh:`99942`: On Android, in a static build, python-config in embed mode no " +"longer incorrectly reports a library to link to." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10407 +msgid "" +":gh:`99942`: On Android, python.pc now correctly reports the library to link" +" to, the same as python-config.sh." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10410 +msgid "" +":gh:`100221`: Fix creating install directories in ``make sharedinstall`` if " +"they exist outside ``DESTDIR`` already." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10413 +msgid "" +":gh:`96821`: Explicitly mark C extension modules that need defined signed " +"integer overflow, and add a configure option :option:`--with-strict-" +"overflow`. Patch by Matthias Görgens and Shantanu Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10421 +msgid "" +":gh:`102344`: Implement ``winreg.QueryValue`` using ``QueryValueEx`` and " +"``winreg.SetValue`` using ``SetValueEx``. Patch by Max Bachmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10424 +msgid "" +":gh:`101881`: Handle read and write operations on non-blocking pipes " +"properly on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10427 +msgid "" +":gh:`101881`: Add support for the os.get_blocking() and os.set_blocking() " +"functions on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10430 +msgid "" +":gh:`101849`: Ensures installer will correctly upgrade existing ``py.exe`` " +"launcher installs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10433 +msgid "" +":gh:`101763`: Updates copy of libffi bundled with Windows installs to 3.4.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10435 +msgid ":gh:`101759`: Update Windows installer to SQLite 3.40.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10437 +msgid "" +":gh:`101614`: Correctly handle extensions built against debug binaries that " +"reference ``python3_d.dll``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10440 +msgid "" +":gh:`101196`: The functions ``os.path.isdir``, ``os.path.isfile``, " +"``os.path.islink`` and ``os.path.exists`` are now 13% to 28% faster on " +"Windows, by making fewer Win32 API calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10447 +msgid ":gh:`101759`: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.40.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10452 +msgid "" +":gh:`101907`: Removes use of non-standard C++ extension in public header " +"files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10455 +msgid "" +":gh:`99293`: Document that the Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG is an internal " +"feature, should not be used, and will be removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10458 +msgid "" +":gh:`101578`: Add :c:func:`PyErr_GetRaisedException` and " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetRaisedException` for saving and restoring the current " +"exception. These functions return and accept a single exception object, " +"rather than the triple arguments of the now-deprecated :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`" +" and :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`. This is less error prone and a bit more " +"efficient." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10465 +msgid "" +"Add :c:func:`PyException_GetArgs` and :c:func:`PyException_SetArgs` as " +"convenience functions for retrieving and modifying the " +":attr:`~BaseException.args` passed to the exception's constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10469 +msgid "" +":gh:`91744`: Introduced the *Unstable C API tier*, marking APi that is " +"allowed to change in minor releases without a deprecation period. See " +":pep:`689` for details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10475 +msgid "Python 3.12.0 alpha 5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10477 +msgid "*Release date: 2023-02-07*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10482 +msgid "" +":gh:`99108`: Replace the builtin :mod:`hashlib` implementations of SHA2-224 " +"and SHA2-256 originally from LibTomCrypt with formally verified, side-" +"channel resistant code from the `HACL* `_ project. The builtins remain a fallback only used when OpenSSL does" +" not provide them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10491 +msgid "" +":gh:`92173`: Fix the ``defs`` and ``kwdefs`` arguments to " +":c:func:`PyEval_EvalCodeEx` and a reference leak in that function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10494 +msgid "" +":gh:`59956`: The GILState API is now partially compatible with " +"subinterpreters. Previously, ``PyThreadState_GET()`` and " +"``PyGILState_GetThisThreadState()`` would get out of sync, causing " +"inconsistent behavior and crashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10499 +msgid "" +":gh:`101400`: Fix wrong lineno in exception message on :keyword:`continue` " +"or :keyword:`break` which are not in a loop. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10502 +msgid "" +":gh:`101372`: Fix :func:`~unicodedata.is_normalized` to properly handle the " +"UCD 3.2.0 cases. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10505 +msgid "" +":gh:`101266`: Fix :func:`sys.getsizeof` reporting for :class:`int` " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10508 +msgid "" +":gh:`101291`: Refactor the ``PyLongObject`` struct into a normal Python " +"object header and a ``PyLongValue`` struct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10511 +msgid "" +":gh:`101046`: Fix a possible memory leak in the parser when raising " +":exc:`MemoryError`. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10514 +msgid "" +":gh:`101037`: Fix potential memory underallocation issue for instances of " +":class:`int` subclasses with value zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10517 +msgid "" +":gh:`100762`: Record the (virtual) exception block depth in the oparg of " +":opcode:`YIELD_VALUE`. Use this to avoid the expensive ``throw()`` when " +"closing generators (and coroutines) that can be closed trivially." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10521 +msgid "" +":gh:`100982`: Adds a new :opcode:`COMPARE_AND_BRANCH` instruction. This is a" +" bit more efficient when performing a comparison immediately followed by a " +"branch, and restores the design intent of PEP 659 that specializations are " +"local to a single instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10526 +msgid "" +":gh:`100942`: Fixed segfault in property.getter/setter/deleter that occurred" +" when a property subclass overrode the ``__new__`` method to return a non-" +"property instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10530 +msgid "" +":gh:`100923`: Remove the ``mask`` cache entry for the :opcode:`COMPARE_OP` " +"instruction and embed the mask into the oparg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10533 +msgid "" +":gh:`100892`: Fix race while iterating over thread states in clearing " +":class:`threading.local`. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10536 +msgid "" +":gh:`91351`: Fix a case where re-entrant imports could corrupt the import " +"deadlock detection code and cause a :exc:`KeyError` to be raised out of " +":mod:`importlib/_bootstrap`. In addition to the straightforward cases, this" +" could also happen when garbage collection leads to a warning being emitted " +"-- as happens when it collects an open socket or file)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10542 +msgid "" +":gh:`100726`: Optimize construction of ``range`` object for medium size " +"integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10545 +msgid "" +":gh:`100712`: Added option to build cpython with specialization disabled, by" +" setting ``ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION=False`` in :mod:`opcode`, followed by " +"``make regen-all``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10549 +msgid "" +":issue:`32780`: Inter-field padding is now inserted into the PEP3118 format " +"strings obtained from :class:`ctypes.Structure` objects, reflecting their " +"true representation in memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10556 +msgid ":gh:`101541`: [Enum] - fix psuedo-flag creation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10558 +msgid ":gh:`101570`: Upgrade pip wheel bundled with ensurepip (pip 23.0)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10560 +msgid "" +":gh:`101323`: Fix a bug where errors where not thrown by " +"zlib._ZlibDecompressor if encountered during decompressing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10563 +msgid "" +":gh:`101317`: Add *ssl_shutdown_timeout* parameter for " +":meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.start_tls`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10566 +msgid "" +":gh:`101326`: Fix regression when passing ``None`` as second or third " +"argument to ``FutureIter.throw``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10569 +msgid "" +":gh:`92123`: Adapt the ``_elementtree`` extension module to multi-phase init" +" (:pep:`489`). Patches by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10572 +msgid "" +":gh:`100795`: Avoid potential unexpected ``freeaddrinfo`` call (double free)" +" in :mod:`socket` when when a libc ``getaddrinfo()`` implementation leaves " +"garbage in an output pointer when returning an error. Original patch by " +"Sergey G. Brester." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10577 +msgid "" +":gh:`101143`: Remove unused references to :class:`~asyncio.TimerHandle` in " +"``asyncio.base_events.BaseEventLoop._add_callback``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10580 +msgid "" +":gh:`101144`: Make :func:`zipfile.Path.open` and " +":func:`zipfile.Path.read_text` also accept ``encoding`` as a positional " +"argument. This was the behavior in Python 3.9 and earlier. 3.10 introduced " +"a regression where supplying it as a positional argument would lead to a " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10586 +msgid "" +":gh:`94518`: Group-related variables of ``_posixsubprocess`` module are " +"renamed to stress that supplementary group affinity is added to a fork, not " +"replace the inherited ones. Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10590 +msgid "" +":gh:`101015`: Fix :func:`typing.get_type_hints` on ``'*tuple[...]'`` and " +"``*tuple[...]``. It must not drop the ``Unpack`` part." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10593 +msgid "" +":gh:`101000`: Add :func:`os.path.splitroot`, which splits a path into a " +"3-item tuple ``(drive, root, tail)``. This new function is used by " +":mod:`pathlib` to improve the performance of path construction by up to a " +"third." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10598 +msgid "" +":gh:`100573`: Fix a Windows :mod:`asyncio` bug with named pipes where a " +"client doing ``os.stat()`` on the pipe would cause an error in the server " +"that disabled serving future requests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10602 +msgid "" +":gh:`39615`: :func:`warnings.warn` now has the ability to skip stack frames " +"based on code filename prefix rather than only a numeric ``stacklevel`` via " +"the new ``skip_file_prefixes`` keyword argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10606 +msgid ":gh:`100750`: pass encoding kwarg to subprocess in platform" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10608 +msgid "" +":gh:`100160`: Emit a deprecation warning in " +":meth:`asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy.get_event_loop` if there is no current" +" event loop set and it decides to create one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10612 +msgid "" +":gh:`96290`: Fix handling of partial and invalid UNC drives in " +"``ntpath.splitdrive()``, and in ``ntpath.normpath()`` on non-Windows " +"systems. Paths such as '\\\\server' and '\\\\' are now considered by " +"``splitdrive()`` to contain only a drive, and consequently are not modified " +"by ``normpath()`` on non-Windows systems. The behaviour of ``normpath()`` on" +" Windows systems is unaffected, as native OS APIs are used. Patch by Eryk " +"Sun, with contributions by Barney Gale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10620 +msgid "" +":gh:`99952`: Fix a reference undercounting issue in " +":class:`ctypes.Structure` with ``from_param()`` results larger than a C " +"pointer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10623 +msgid "" +":gh:`67790`: Add float-style formatting support for " +":class:`fractions.Fraction` instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10626 +msgid ":gh:`99266`: Preserve more detailed error messages in :mod:`ctypes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10628 +msgid "" +":gh:`86682`: Ensure runtime-created collections have the correct module name" +" using the newly added (internal) :func:`sys._getframemodulename`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10631 +msgid "" +":gh:`88597`: :mod:`uuid` now has a command line interface. Try ``python -m " +"uuid -h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10634 +msgid "" +":gh:`60580`: :data:`ctypes.wintypes.BYTE` definition changed from " +":data:`~ctypes.c_byte` to :data:`~ctypes.c_ubyte` to match Windows SDK. " +"Patch by Anatoly Techtonik and Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10638 +msgid "" +":gh:`94518`: ``_posixsubprocess`` now initializes all UID and GID variables " +"using a reserved ``-1`` value instead of a separate flag. Patch by Oleg " +"Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10642 +msgid "" +":issue:`38941`: The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module now emits " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` when testing the truth value of an " +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element`. Before, the Python implementation " +"emitted :exc:`FutureWarning`, and the C implementation emitted nothing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10647 +msgid "" +":issue:`40077`: Convert :mod:`elementtree` types to heap types. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10650 +msgid "" +":issue:`29847`: Fix a bug where :class:`pathlib.Path` accepted and ignored " +"keyword arguments. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10653 +msgid "" +":gh:`77772`: :class:`ctypes.CDLL`, :class:`ctypes.OleDLL`, " +":class:`ctypes.WinDLL`, and :class:`ctypes.PyDLL` now accept :term:`path-" +"like objects ` as their ``name`` argument. Patch by Robert" +" Hoelzl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10661 +msgid "" +":gh:`88324`: Reword :mod:`subprocess` to emphasize default behavior of " +"*stdin*, *stdout*, and *stderr* arguments. Remove inaccurate statement about" +" child file handle inheritance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10668 +msgid "" +":gh:`101334`: ``test_tarfile`` has been updated to pass when run as a high " +"UID." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10674 +msgid "" +":gh:`101282`: Update BOLT configuration not to use deprecated usage of " +"``--split functions``. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10677 +msgid "" +":gh:`101522`: Allow overriding Windows dependencies versions and paths using" +" MSBuild properties." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10680 +msgid "" +":gh:`77532`: Minor fixes to allow building with ``PlatformToolset=ClangCL`` " +"on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10683 +msgid "" +":gh:`101152`: In accordance with :PEP:`699`, the ``ma_version_tag`` field in" +" :c:type:`PyDictObject` is deprecated for extension modules. Accessing this " +"field will generate a compiler warning at compile time. This field will be " +"removed in Python 3.14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10688 +msgid "" +":gh:`100340`: Allows -Wno-int-conversion for wasm-sdk 17 and onwards, thus " +"enables building WASI builds once against the latest sdk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10691 +msgid "" +":gh:`101060`: Conditionally add ``-fno-reorder-blocks-and-partition`` in " +"configure. Effectively fixes ``--enable-bolt`` when using Clang, as this " +"appears to be a GCC-only flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10695 +msgid "" +":gh:`98705`: ``__bool__`` is defined in AIX system header files which breaks" +" the build in AIX, so undefine it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10698 +msgid "" +":gh:`98636`: Fix a regression in detecting ``gdbm_compat`` library for the " +"``_gdbm`` module build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10701 +msgid "" +":gh:`96305`: ``_aix_support`` now uses a simple code to get platform details" +" rather than the now non-existent ``_bootsubprocess`` during bootstrap." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10707 +msgid "" +":gh:`101543`: Ensure the install path in the registry is only used when the " +"standard library hasn't been located in any other way." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10710 +msgid "" +":gh:`101467`: The ``py.exe`` launcher now correctly filters when only a " +"single runtime is installed. It also correctly handles prefix matches on " +"tags so that ``-3.1`` does not match ``3.11``, but would still match " +"``3.1-32``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10715 +msgid ":gh:`99834`: Updates bundled copy of Tcl/Tk to 8.6.13.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10717 +msgid "" +":gh:`101135`: Restore ability to launch older 32-bit versions from the " +":file:`py.exe` launcher when both 32-bit and 64-bit installs of the same " +"version are available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10721 +msgid "" +":gh:`82052`: Fixed an issue where writing more than 32K of Unicode output to" +" the console screen in one go can result in mojibake." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10724 +msgid "" +":gh:`100320`: Ensures the ``PythonPath`` registry key from an install is " +"used when launching from a different copy of Python that relies on an " +"existing install to provide a copy of its modules and standard library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10728 +msgid "" +":gh:`100247`: Restores support for the :file:`py.exe` launcher finding " +"shebang commands in its configuration file using the full command name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10733 +msgid "Python 3.12.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10735 +msgid "*Release date: 2023-01-10*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10740 +msgid "" +":gh:`100776`: Fix misleading default value in :func:`input`'s " +"``__text_signature__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10743 +msgid "" +":gh:`99005`: Remove :opcode:`!UNARY_POSITIVE`, :opcode:`!ASYNC_GEN_WRAP` and" +" :opcode:`!LIST_TO_TUPLE`, replacing them with intrinsics." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10746 +msgid "" +":gh:`99005`: Add new :opcode:`CALL_INTRINSIC_1` instruction. Remove " +":opcode:`IMPORT_STAR`, :opcode:`PRINT_EXPR` and " +":opcode:`STOPITERATION_ERROR`, replacing them with the " +":opcode:`CALL_INTRINSIC_1` instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10751 +msgid "" +":gh:`100288`: Remove the LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_DICT specialized instruction." +" Stats show it is not useful." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10754 +msgid "" +":gh:`100720`: Added ``_PyFrame_NumSlotsForCodeObject``, which returns the " +"number of slots needed in a frame for a given code object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10757 +msgid "" +":gh:`100719`: Removed the co_nplaincellvars field from the code object, as " +"it is redundant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10760 +msgid "" +":gh:`100637`: Fix :func:`int.__sizeof__` calculation to include the " +"1-element ``ob_digit`` array for ``0`` and ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10763 +msgid "" +":gh:`100649`: Update the native_thread_id field of PyThreadState after fork." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10765 +msgid "" +":gh:`100126`: Fix an issue where \"incomplete\" frames could be briefly " +"visible to C code while other frames are being torn down, possibly resulting" +" in corruption or hard crashes of the interpreter while running finalizers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10769 +msgid "" +":gh:`87447`: Fix :exc:`SyntaxError` on comprehension rebind checking with " +"names that are not actually redefined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10772 +msgid "" +"Now reassigning ``b`` in ``[(b := 1) for a, b.prop in some_iter]`` is " +"allowed. Reassigning ``a`` is still disallowed as per :pep:`572`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10775 +msgid "" +":gh:`100268`: Add :meth:`int.is_integer` to improve duck type compatibility " +"between :class:`int` and :class:`float`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10778 +msgid "" +":gh:`100425`: Improve the accuracy of ``sum()`` with compensated summation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10780 +msgid "" +":gh:`100374`: Fix incorrect result and delay in :func:`socket.getfqdn`. " +"Patch by Dominic Socular." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10783 +msgid "" +":gh:`100357`: Convert ``vars``, ``dir``, ``next``, ``getattr``, and ``iter``" +" to argument clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10786 +msgid "" +":gh:`100117`: Improve the output of :meth:`codeobject.co_lines` by emitting " +"only one entry for each line range." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10789 +msgid "" +":gh:`90043`: Handle NaNs when specializing :opcode:`COMPARE_OP` for " +":class:`float` values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10792 +msgid "" +":gh:`100222`: Redefine the ``_Py_CODEUNIT`` typedef as a union to describe " +"its layout to the C compiler, avoiding type punning and improving clarity." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10795 +msgid "" +":gh:`99955`: Internal compiler functions (in compile.c) now consistently " +"return -1 on error and 0 on success." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10798 +msgid "" +":gh:`100188`: The ``BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT`` and ``BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT``" +" instructions are no longer used for negative integers because those " +"instructions always miss when encountering negative integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10802 +msgid "" +":gh:`99110`: Initialize frame->previous in frameobject.c to fix a " +"segmentation fault when accessing frames created by :c:func:`PyFrame_New`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10805 +msgid "" +":gh:`94155`: Improved the hashing algorithm for code objects, mitigating " +"some hash collisions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10808 +msgid "" +":gh:`99540`: ``None`` now hashes to a constant value. This is not a " +"requirements change." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10811 +msgid "" +":gh:`100143`: When built with ``--enable-pystats``, stats collection is now " +"off by default. To enable it early at startup, pass the ``-Xpystats`` flag." +" Stats are now always dumped, even if switched off." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10815 +msgid "" +":gh:`100146`: Improve ``BUILD_LIST`` opcode so that it works similarly to " +"the ``BUILD_TUPLE`` opcode, by stealing references from the stack rather " +"than repeatedly using stack operations to set list elements. Implementation" +" details are in a new private API :c:func:`!_PyList_FromArraySteal`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10820 +msgid ":gh:`100110`: Specialize ``FOR_ITER`` for tuples." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10822 +msgid "" +":gh:`100050`: Honor existing errors obtained when searching for mismatching " +"parentheses in the tokenizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10825 +msgid "" +":gh:`92216`: Improve the performance of :func:`hasattr` for type objects " +"with a missing attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10828 +msgid "" +":gh:`99582`: Freeze :mod:`zipimport` module into ``_bootstrap_python``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10830 +msgid "" +":gh:`99554`: Pack debugging location tables more efficiently during bytecode" +" compilation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10833 +msgid "" +":gh:`98522`: Add an internal version number to code objects, to give better " +"versioning of inner functions and comprehensions, and thus better " +"specialization of those functions. This change is invisible to both Python " +"and C extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10838 +msgid ":gh:`94603`: Improve performance of ``list.pop`` for small lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10840 +msgid ":gh:`89051`: Add :const:`ssl.OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10842 +msgid "" +":issue:`32782`: ``ctypes`` arrays of length 0 now report a correct itemsize " +"when a ``memoryview`` is constructed from them, rather than always giving a " +"value of 0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10849 +msgid "" +":gh:`100833`: Speed up :func:`math.fsum` by removing defensive ``volatile`` " +"qualifiers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10852 +msgid "" +":gh:`100805`: Modify :func:`random.choice` implementation to once again work" +" with NumPy arrays." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10855 +msgid ":gh:`100813`: Add :const:`socket.IP_PKTINFO` constant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10857 +msgid "" +":gh:`100792`: Make :meth:`email.message.Message.__contains__` twice as fast." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10859 +msgid "" +":gh:`91851`: Microoptimizations for :meth:`fractions.Fraction.__round__`, " +":meth:`fractions.Fraction.__ceil__` and " +":meth:`fractions.Fraction.__floor__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10863 +msgid "" +":gh:`90104`: Avoid RecursionError on ``repr`` if a dataclass field " +"definition has a cyclic reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10866 +msgid "" +":gh:`100689`: Fix crash in :mod:`pyexpat` by statically allocating " +"``PyExpat_CAPI`` capsule." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10869 +msgid "" +":gh:`100740`: Fix ``unittest.mock.Mock`` not respecting the spec for " +"attribute names prefixed with ``assert``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10872 +msgid "" +":gh:`91219`: Change ``SimpleHTTPRequestHandler`` to support subclassing to " +"provide a different set of index file names instead of using ``__init__`` " +"parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10876 +msgid "" +":gh:`100690`: ``Mock`` objects which are not unsafe will now raise an " +"``AttributeError`` when accessing an attribute that matches the name of an " +"assertion but without the prefix ``assert_``, e.g. accessing ``called_once``" +" instead of ``assert_called_once``. This is in addition to this already " +"happening for accessing attributes with prefixes ``assert``, ``assret``, " +"``asert``, ``aseert``, and ``assrt``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10883 +msgid "" +":gh:`89727`: Simplify and optimize :func:`os.walk` by using " +":func:`isinstance` checks to check the top of the stack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10886 +msgid ":gh:`100485`: Add math.sumprod() to compute the sum of products." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10888 +msgid "" +":gh:`86508`: Fix :func:`asyncio.open_connection` to skip binding to local " +"addresses of different family. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10891 +msgid "" +":gh:`97930`: ``importlib.resources.files`` now accepts a module as an anchor" +" instead of only accepting packages. If a module is passed, resources are " +"resolved adjacent to that module (in the same package or at the package " +"root). The parameter was renamed from ``package`` to ``anchor`` with a " +"compatibility shim for those passing by keyword. Additionally, the new " +"``anchor`` parameter is now optional and will default to the caller's " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10899 +msgid "" +":gh:`100585`: Fixed a bug where importlib.resources.as_file was leaving file" +" pointers open" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10902 +msgid "" +":gh:`100562`: Improve performance of :meth:`pathlib.Path.absolute` by nearly" +" 2x. This comes at the cost of a performance regression in " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.cwd`, which is generally used less frequently in user " +"code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10907 +msgid "" +":gh:`100519`: Small simplification of " +":func:`http.cookiejar.eff_request_host` that improves readability and better" +" matches the RFC wording." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10910 +msgid "" +":gh:`100287`: Fix the interaction of :func:`unittest.mock.seal` with " +":class:`unittest.mock.AsyncMock`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10913 +msgid "" +":gh:`100488`: Add :meth:`Fraction.is_integer` to check whether a " +":class:`fractions.Fraction` is an integer. This improves duck type " +"compatibility with :class:`float` and :class:`int`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10917 +msgid "" +":gh:`100474`: :mod:`http.server` now checks that an index page is actually a" +" regular file before trying to serve it. This avoids issues with " +"directories named ``index.html``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10921 +msgid "" +":gh:`100363`: Speed up :func:`asyncio.get_running_loop` by removing " +"redundant ``getpid`` checks. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10924 +msgid "" +":gh:`78878`: Fix crash when creating an instance of " +":class:`!_ctypes.CField`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10926 +msgid "" +":gh:`100348`: Fix ref cycle in :class:`!asyncio._SelectorSocketTransport` by" +" removing ``_read_ready_cb`` in ``close``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10929 +msgid "" +":gh:`100344`: Provide C implementation for :func:`asyncio.current_task` for " +"a 4x-6x speedup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10932 +msgid "" +":gh:`100272`: Fix JSON serialization of OrderedDict. It now preserves the " +"order of keys." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10935 +msgid "" +":gh:`83076`: Instantiation of ``Mock()`` and ``AsyncMock()`` is now 3.8x " +"faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10938 +msgid "" +":gh:`100234`: Set a default value of 1.0 for the ``lambd`` parameter in " +"random.expovariate()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10941 +msgid "" +":gh:`100228`: A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` may be raised when :func:`os.fork`" +" or :func:`os.forkpty` is called from multi-threaded processes. Forking " +"with threads is unsafe and can cause deadlocks, crashes and subtle problems." +" Lack of a warning does not indicate that the fork call was actually safe, " +"as Python may not be aware of all threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10947 +msgid ":gh:`100039`: Improve signatures for enums and flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10949 +msgid "" +":gh:`100133`: Fix regression in :mod:`asyncio` where a subprocess would " +"sometimes lose data received from pipe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10952 +msgid "" +":issue:`44592`: Fixes inconsistent handling of case sensitivity of " +"*extrasaction* arg in :class:`csv.DictWriter`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10955 +msgid "" +":gh:`100098`: Fix ``tuple`` subclasses being cast to ``tuple`` when used as " +"enum values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10958 +msgid "" +":gh:`85432`: Rename the *fmt* parameter of the pure-Python implementation of" +" :meth:`datetime.time.strftime` to *format*. Rename the *t* parameter of " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp` to *timestamp*. These changes mean " +"the parameter names in the pure-Python implementation now match the " +"parameter names in the C implementation. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10964 +msgid "" +":gh:`98778`: Update :exc:`~urllib.error.HTTPError` to be initialized " +"properly, even if the ``fp`` is ``None``. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10967 +msgid "" +":gh:`99925`: Unify error messages in JSON serialization between " +"``json.dumps(float('nan'), allow_nan=False)`` and ``json.dumps(float('nan')," +" allow_nan=False, indent=)``. Now both include the representation" +" of the value that could not be serialized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10972 +msgid "" +":gh:`89727`: Fix issue with :func:`os.walk` where a :exc:`RecursionError` " +"would occur on deep directory structures by adjusting the implementation of " +":func:`os.walk` to be iterative instead of recursive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10976 +msgid "" +":gh:`94943`: Add :ref:`enum-dataclass-support` to the :class:`~enum.Enum` " +":meth:`~enum.Enum.__repr__`. When inheriting from a " +":class:`~dataclasses.dataclass`, only show the field names in the value " +"section of the member :func:`repr`, and not the dataclass' class name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10981 +msgid "" +":gh:`83035`: Fix :func:`inspect.getsource` handling of decorator calls with " +"nested parentheses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10984 +msgid "" +":gh:`99576`: Fix ``.save()`` method for ``LWPCookieJar`` and " +"``MozillaCookieJar``: saved file was not truncated on repeated save." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10987 +msgid "" +":gh:`94912`: Add :func:`inspect.markcoroutinefunction` decorator which " +"manually marks a function as a coroutine for the benefit of " +":func:`iscoroutinefunction`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10991 +msgid "" +":gh:`99509`: Add :pep:`585` support for " +":class:`multiprocessing.queues.Queue`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10994 +msgid "" +":gh:`99482`: Remove ``Jython`` partial compatibility code from several " +"stdlib modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:10997 +msgid "" +":gh:`99433`: Fix :mod:`doctest` failure on :class:`types.MethodWrapperType` " +"in modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11000 +msgid "" +":gh:`85267`: Several improvements to :func:`inspect.signature`'s handling of" +" ``__text_signature``. - Fixes a case where :func:`inspect.signature` " +"dropped parameters - Fixes a case where :func:`inspect.signature` raised " +":exc:`tokenize.TokenError` - Allows :func:`inspect.signature` to understand " +"defaults involving binary operations of constants - " +":func:`inspect.signature` is documented as only raising :exc:`TypeError` or " +":exc:`ValueError`, but sometimes raised :exc:`RuntimeError`. These cases now" +" raise :exc:`ValueError` - Removed a dead code path" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11009 +msgid "" +":gh:`91166`: :mod:`asyncio` is optimized to avoid excessive copying when " +"writing to socket and use :meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg` if the platform " +"supports it. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11013 +msgid "" +":gh:`98030`: Add missing TCP socket options from Linux: ``TCP_MD5SIG``, " +"``TCP_THIN_LINEAR_TIMEOUTS``, ``TCP_THIN_DUPACK``, ``TCP_REPAIR``, " +"``TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE``, ``TCP_QUEUE_SEQ``, ``TCP_REPAIR_OPTIONS``, " +"``TCP_TIMESTAMP``, ``TCP_CC_INFO``, ``TCP_SAVE_SYN``, ``TCP_SAVED_SYN``, " +"``TCP_REPAIR_WINDOW``, ``TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT``, ``TCP_ULP``, " +"``TCP_MD5SIG_EXT``, ``TCP_FASTOPEN_KEY``, ``TCP_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE``, " +"``TCP_ZEROCOPY_RECEIVE``, ``TCP_INQ``, ``TCP_TX_DELAY``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11021 +msgid "" +":gh:`88500`: Reduced the memory usage of :func:`urllib.parse.unquote` and " +":func:`urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes` on large values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11024 +msgid "" +":gh:`96127`: ``inspect.signature`` was raising ``TypeError`` on call with " +"mock objects. Now it correctly returns ``(*args, **kwargs)`` as inferred " +"signature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11028 +msgid "" +":gh:`95882`: Fix a 3.11 regression in " +":func:`~contextlib.asynccontextmanager`, which caused it to propagate " +"exceptions with incorrect tracebacks and fix a 3.11 regression in " +":func:`~contextlib.contextmanager`, which caused it to propagate exceptions " +"with incorrect tracebacks for :exc:`StopIteration`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11034 +msgid "" +":gh:`78707`: Deprecate passing more than one positional argument to " +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.is_relative_to`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11038 +msgid "" +":gh:`92122`: Fix reStructuredText syntax errors in docstrings in the " +":mod:`enum` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11041 +msgid "" +":gh:`91851`: Optimize the :class:`~fractions.Fraction` arithmetics for small" +" components." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11044 +msgid "" +":issue:`24132`: Make :class:`pathlib.PurePath` and :class:`~pathlib.Path` " +"subclassable (private to start). Previously, attempting to instantiate a " +"subclass resulted in an :exc:`AttributeError` being raised. Patch by Barney " +"Gale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11049 +msgid "" +":issue:`40447`: Accept :class:`os.PathLike` (such as :class:`pathlib.Path`) " +"in the ``stripdir`` arguments of :meth:`compileall.compile_file` and " +":meth:`compileall.compile_dir`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11053 +msgid "" +":issue:`36880`: Fix a reference counting issue when a :mod:`ctypes` callback" +" with return type :class:`~ctypes.py_object` returns ``None``, which could " +"cause crashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11060 +msgid "" +":gh:`100616`: Document existing ``attr`` parameter to " +":func:`curses.window.vline` function in :mod:`curses`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11063 +msgid "" +":gh:`100472`: Remove claim in documentation that the ``stripdir``, " +"``prependdir`` and ``limit_sl_dest`` parameters of " +":func:`compileall.compile_dir` and :func:`compileall.compile_file` could be " +":class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11068 +msgid "" +":issue:`25377`: Clarify use of octal format of mode argument in " +"help(os.chmod) as well as help(os.fchmod)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11074 +msgid ":gh:`100454`: Start running SSL tests with OpenSSL 3.1.0-beta1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11076 +msgid "" +":gh:`100086`: The Python test runner (libregrtest) now logs Python build " +"information like \"debug\" vs \"release\" build, or LTO and PGO " +"optimizations. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11080 +msgid "" +":gh:`93018`: Make two tests forgiving towards host system libexpat with " +"backported security fixes applied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11086 +msgid "" +":gh:`100540`: Removed the ``--with-system-ffi`` ``configure`` option; " +"``libffi`` must now always be supplied by the system on all non-Windows " +"platforms. The option has had no effect on non-Darwin platforms for several" +" releases, and in 3.11 only had the non-obvious effect of invoking ``pkg-" +"config`` to find ``libffi`` and never setting ``-DUSING_APPLE_OS_LIBFFI``. " +"Now on Darwin platforms ``configure`` will first check for the OS ``libffi``" +" and then fall back to the same processing as other platforms if it is not " +"found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11095 +msgid "" +":gh:`88267`: Avoid exporting Python symbols in linked Windows applications " +"when the core is built as static." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11098 +msgid "" +":issue:`41916`: Allow override of ac_cv_cxx_thread so that cross compiled " +"python can set -pthread for CXX." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11104 +msgid ":gh:`100180`: Update Windows installer to OpenSSL 1.1.1s" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11106 +msgid "" +":gh:`99191`: Use ``_MSVC_LANG >= 202002L`` instead of less-precise " +"``_MSC_VER >=1929`` to more accurately test for C++20 support in " +":file:`PC/_wmimodule.cpp`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11110 +msgid "" +":gh:`79218`: Define ``MS_WIN64`` for Mingw-w64 64bit, fix cython compilation" +" failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11113 +msgid "" +":gh:`99941`: Ensure that :func:`asyncio.Protocol.data_received` receives an " +"immutable :class:`bytes` object (as documented), instead of " +":class:`bytearray`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11117 +msgid "" +":issue:`43984`: :meth:`winreg.SetValueEx` now leaves the target value " +"untouched in the case of conversion errors. Previously, ``-1`` would be " +"written in case of such errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11121 +msgid "" +":issue:`34816`: ``hasattr(ctypes.windll, 'nonexistant')`` now returns " +"``False`` instead of raising :exc:`OSError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11127 +msgid ":gh:`100180`: Update macOS installer to OpenSSL 1.1.1s" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11129 +msgid "" +":gh:`100540`: Removed obsolete ``dlfcn.h`` shim from the ``_ctypes`` " +"extension module, which has not been necessary since Mac OS X 10.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11135 +msgid "" +":issue:`45256`: Fix a bug that caused an :exc:`AttributeError` to be raised " +"in ``python-gdb.py`` when ``py-locals`` is used without a frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11138 +msgid "" +":gh:`100342`: Add missing ``NULL`` check for possible allocation failure in " +"``*args`` parsing in Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11144 +msgid "" +":gh:`99947`: Raising SystemError on import will now have its cause be set to" +" the original unexpected exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11147 +msgid "" +":gh:`99240`: In argument parsing, after deallocating newly allocated memory," +" reset its pointer to NULL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11150 +msgid "" +":gh:`98724`: The :c:macro:`Py_CLEAR`, :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` and " +":c:macro:`Py_XSETREF` macros now only evaluate their arguments once. If an " +"argument has side effects, these side effects are no longer duplicated. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11157 +msgid "Python 3.12.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11159 +msgid "*Release date: 2022-12-06*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11164 +msgid "" +":gh:`100001`: ``python -m http.server`` no longer allows terminal control " +"characters sent within a garbage request to be printed to the stderr server " +"log." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11168 +msgid "" +"This is done by changing the :mod:`http.server` " +":class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` ``.log_message`` method to replace control " +"characters with a :samp:`\\\\x{HH}` hex escape before printing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11172 +msgid "" +":gh:`87604`: Avoid publishing list of active per-interpreter audit hooks via" +" the :mod:`gc` module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11178 +msgid "" +":gh:`99891`: Fix a bug in the tokenizer that could cause infinite recursion " +"when showing syntax warnings that happen in the first line of the source. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11182 +msgid "" +":gh:`91054`: Add :c:func:`PyCode_AddWatcher` and " +":c:func:`PyCode_ClearWatcher` APIs to register callbacks to receive " +"notification on creation and destruction of code objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11186 +msgid "" +":gh:`99729`: Fix an issue that could cause frames to be visible to Python " +"code as they are being torn down, possibly leading to memory corruption or " +"hard crashes of the interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11190 +msgid "" +":gh:`99708`: Fix bug where compiler crashes on an if expression with an " +"empty body block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11193 +msgid "" +":gh:`99578`: Fix a reference bug in :func:`!_imp.create_builtin` after the " +"creation of the first sub-interpreter for modules ``builtins`` and ``sys``. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11197 +msgid "" +":gh:`99581`: Fixed a bug that was causing a buffer overflow if the tokenizer" +" copies a line missing the newline character from a file that is as long as " +"the available tokenizer buffer. Patch by Pablo galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11201 +msgid "" +":gh:`99553`: Fix bug where an :exc:`ExceptionGroup` subclass can wrap a " +":exc:`BaseException`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11204 +msgid "" +":gh:`99547`: Add a function to os.path to check if a path is a junction: " +"isjunction. Add similar functionality to pathlib.Path as is_junction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11207 +msgid "" +":gh:`99370`: Fix zip path for venv created from a non-installed python on " +"POSIX platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11210 +msgid "" +":gh:`99377`: Add audit events for thread creation and clear operations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11212 +msgid "" +":gh:`98686`: Remove the ``BINARY_OP_GENERIC`` and ``COMPARE_OP_GENERIC`` " +"\"specializations\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11215 +msgid "" +":gh:`99298`: Remove the remaining error paths for attribute specializations," +" and refuse to specialize attribute accesses on types that haven't had " +":c:func:`PyType_Ready` called on them yet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11219 +msgid "" +":gh:`99127`: Allow some features of :mod:`syslog` to the main interpreter " +"only. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11222 +msgid "" +":gh:`91053`: Optimizing interpreters and JIT compilers may need to " +"invalidate internal metadata when functions are modified. This change adds " +"the ability to provide a callback that will be invoked each time a function " +"is created, modified, or destroyed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11227 +msgid "" +":gh:`90994`: Improve error messages when there's a syntax error with call " +"arguments. The following three cases are covered: - No value is assigned to " +"a named argument, eg ``foo(a=)``. - A value is assigned to a star argument, " +"eg ``foo(*args=[0])``. - A value is assigned to a double-star keyword " +"argument, eg ``foo(**kwarg={'a': 0})``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11233 +msgid "" +":issue:`45026`: Optimize the :class:`range` object iterator. It is now " +"smaller, faster iteration of ranges containing large numbers. Smaller " +"pickles, faster unpickling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11237 +msgid "" +":issue:`31718`: Raise :exc:`ValueError` instead of :exc:`SystemError` when " +"methods of uninitialized :class:`io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder` objects are " +"called. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11241 +msgid "" +":issue:`38031`: Fix a possible assertion failure in :class:`io.FileIO` when " +"the opener returns an invalid file descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11247 +msgid "" +":gh:`100001`: Also \\ escape \\s in the http.server " +"BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_message so that it is technically possible to " +"parse the line and reconstruct what the original data was. Without this a " +"\\xHH is ambiguous as to if it is a hex replacement we put in or the " +"characters r\"\\x\" came through in the original request line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11253 +msgid "" +":gh:`99957`: Add ``frozen_default`` parameter to " +":func:`typing.dataclass_transform`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11256 +msgid "" +":gh:`79033`: Fix :func:`asyncio.Server.wait_closed` to actually do what the " +"docs promise -- wait for all existing connections to complete, after closing" +" the server." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11260 +msgid "" +":gh:`51524`: Fix bug when calling trace.CoverageResults with valid infile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11262 +msgid "" +":gh:`99645`: Fix a bug in handling class cleanups in " +":class:`unittest.TestCase`. Now ``addClassCleanup()`` uses separate lists " +"for different ``TestCase`` subclasses, and ``doClassCleanups()`` only cleans" +" up the particular class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11267 +msgid "" +":gh:`99508`: Fix ``TypeError`` in ``Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py`` " +"while calling ``_imp.source_hash()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11270 +msgid "" +":gh:`66285`: Fix :mod:`asyncio` to not share event loop and signal wakeupfd " +"in forked processes. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11273 +msgid "" +":gh:`97001`: Release the GIL when calling termios APIs to avoid blocking " +"threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11276 +msgid "" +":gh:`92647`: Use final status of an enum to determine lookup or creation " +"branch of functional API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11279 +msgid "" +":gh:`99388`: Add *loop_factory* parameter to :func:`asyncio.run` to allow " +"specifying a custom event loop factory. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11282 +msgid "" +":gh:`99341`: Fix :func:`ast.increment_lineno` to also cover " +":class:`ast.TypeIgnore` when changing line numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11285 +msgid "" +":gh:`99382`: Check the number of arguments in substitution in user generics " +"containing a :class:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` and one or more " +":class:`~typing.TypeVar`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11289 +msgid "" +":gh:`99379`: Fix substitution of :class:`~typing.ParamSpec` followed by " +":class:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` in generic aliases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11292 +msgid "" +":gh:`99344`: Fix substitution of :class:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` and " +":class:`~typing.ParamSpec` together in user generics." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11295 +msgid "" +":gh:`99284`: Remove ``_use_broken_old_ctypes_structure_semantics_`` old " +"untested and undocumented hack from :mod:`ctypes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11298 +msgid "" +":gh:`99201`: Fix :exc:`IndexError` when initializing the config variables on" +" Windows if ``HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING`` is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11301 +msgid "" +":gh:`99240`: Fix double-free bug in Argument Clinic ``str_converter`` by " +"extracting memory clean up to a new ``post_parsing`` section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11304 +msgid "" +":gh:`64490`: Fix refcount error when arguments are packed to tuple in " +"Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11307 +msgid "" +":gh:`99029`: :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` now treats naked Windows " +"drive paths as relative. This brings its behaviour in line with other parts " +"of pathlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11311 +msgid "" +":gh:`98253`: The implementation of the typing module is now more resilient " +"to reference leaks in binary extension modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11314 +msgid "" +"Previously, a reference leak in a typed C API-based extension module could " +"leak internals of the typing module, which could in turn introduce leaks in " +"essentially any other package with typed function signatures. Although the " +"typing package is not the original source of the problem, such non-local " +"dependences exacerbate debugging of large-scale projects, and the " +"implementation was therefore changed to reduce harm by providing better " +"isolation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11322 +msgid "" +":gh:`98458`: Fix infinite loop in unittest when a self-referencing chained " +"exception is raised" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11325 +msgid "" +":gh:`93453`: :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` and many other :mod:`asyncio` " +"functions like :func:`asyncio.ensure_future`, :func:`asyncio.shield` or " +":func:`asyncio.gather`, and also the " +":meth:`~asyncio.BaseDefaultEventLoopPolicy.get_event_loop` method of " +":class:`asyncio.BaseDefaultEventLoopPolicy` now raise a :exc:`RuntimeError` " +"if called when there is no running event loop and the current event loop was" +" not set. Previously they implicitly created and set a new current event " +"loop. :exc:`DeprecationWarning` is no longer emitted if there is no running " +"event loop but the current event loop was set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11335 +msgid "" +":gh:`97966`: On ``uname_result``, restored expectation that ``_fields`` and " +"``_asdict`` would include all six properties including ``processor``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11338 +msgid "" +":gh:`98248`: Provide informative error messages in :func:`struct.pack` when " +"its integral arguments are not in range." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11341 +msgid "" +":gh:`98108`: ``zipfile.Path`` is now pickleable if its initialization " +"parameters were pickleable (e.g. for file system paths)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11344 +msgid "" +":gh:`98098`: Created packages from zipfile and test_zipfile modules, " +"separating ``zipfile.Path`` functionality." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11347 +msgid "" +":gh:`82836`: Fix :attr:`~ipaddress.IPv4Address.is_private` properties in the" +" :mod:`ipaddress` module. Previously non-private networks (0.0.0.0/0) would " +"return ``True`` from this method; now they correctly return ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11351 +msgid "" +":gh:`96828`: Add an :const:`~ssl.OP_ENABLE_KTLS` option for enabling the use" +" of the kernel TLS (kTLS). Patch by Illia Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11354 +msgid "" +":gh:`88863`: To avoid apparent memory leaks when " +":func:`asyncio.open_connection` raises, break reference cycles generated by " +"local exception and future instances (which has exception instance as its " +"member var). Patch by Dong Uk, Kang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11359 +msgid "" +":gh:`91078`: :meth:`TarFile.next` now returns ``None`` when called on an " +"empty tarfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11362 +msgid "" +":issue:`47220`: Document the optional *callback* parameter of " +":class:`WeakMethod`. Patch by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11365 +msgid "" +":issue:`44817`: Ignore WinError 53 (ERROR_BAD_NETPATH), 65 " +"(ERROR_NETWORK_ACCESS_DENIED) and 161 (ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME) when using " +"ntpath.realpath()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11369 +msgid "" +":issue:`41260`: Rename the *fmt* parameter of the pure Python implementation" +" of :meth:`datetime.date.strftime` to *format*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11372 +msgid "" +":issue:`15999`: All built-in functions now accept arguments of any type " +"instead of just ``bool`` and ``int`` for boolean parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11378 +msgid "" +":gh:`99931`: Use `sphinxext-opengraph `__ to generate `OpenGraph metadata " +"`__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11382 +msgid "" +":gh:`89682`: Reworded docstring of the default ``__contains__`` to clarify " +"that it returns a :class:`bool`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11385 +msgid "" +":gh:`88330`: Improved the description of what a resource is in " +"importlib.resources docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11388 +msgid "" +":gh:`92892`: Document that calling variadic functions with ctypes requires " +"special care on macOS/arm64 (and possibly other platforms)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11391 +msgid "" +":issue:`41825`: Restructured the documentation for the :func:`os.wait* " +"` family of functions, and improved the docs for :func:`os.waitid` " +"with more explanation of the possible argument constants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11399 +msgid "" +":gh:`99892`: Skip test_normalization() of test_unicodedata if it fails to " +"download NormalizationTest.txt file from pythontest.net. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11403 +msgid "" +":gh:`99934`: Correct test_marsh on (32 bit) x86: test_deterministic sets was" +" failing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11406 +msgid "" +":gh:`99741`: We've implemented multi-phase init (PEP 489/630/687) for the " +"internal (for testing) _xxsubinterpreters module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11409 +msgid "" +":gh:`99659`: Optional big memory tests in ``test_sqlite3`` now catch the " +"correct :exc:`sqlite.DataError` exception type in case of too large strings " +"and/or blobs passed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11413 +msgid ":gh:`99593`: Cover the Unicode C API with tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11415 +msgid ":gh:`96002`: Add functional test for Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11420 +msgid "" +":gh:`99086`: Fix ``-Wimplicit-int``, ``-Wstrict-prototypes``, and " +"``-Wimplicit-function-declaration`` compiler warnings in " +":program:`configure` checks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11424 +msgid ":gh:`99337`: Fix a compilation issue with GCC 12 on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11426 +msgid "" +":gh:`99289`: Add a ``COMPILEALL_OPTS`` variable in Makefile to override " +":mod:`compileall` options (default: ``-j0``) in ``make install``. Also " +"merged the ``compileall`` commands into a single command building .pyc files" +" for the all optimization levels (0, 1, 2) at once. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11432 +msgid "" +":gh:`98872`: Fix a possible fd leak in ``Programs/_freeze_module.c`` " +"introduced in Python 3.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11435 +msgid "" +":gh:`88226`: Always define ``TARGET_*`` labels in ``Python/ceval.c``, even " +"if ``USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS`` is disabled. This allows breakpoints to be set at" +" those labels in (for instance) ``gdb``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11442 +msgid "" +":gh:`99345`: Use faster initialization functions to detect install location " +"for Windows Store package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11445 +msgid "" +":gh:`98629`: Fix initialization of :data:`sys.version` and ``sys._git`` on " +"Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11448 +msgid "" +":gh:`99442`: Fix handling in :ref:`launcher` when ``argv[0]`` does not " +"include a file extension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11451 +msgid "" +":issue:`40882`: Fix a memory leak in " +":class:`multiprocessing.shared_memory.SharedMemory` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11457 +msgid "" +":gh:`87235`: On macOS ``python3 /dev/fd/9 9` with unhashable" +" exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11541 +msgid "" +":gh:`99204`: Fix calculation of :data:`sys._base_executable` when inside a " +"POSIX virtual environment using copies of the python binary when the base " +"installation does not provide the executable name used by the venv. " +"Calculation will fall back to alternative names (\"python\", " +"\"python.\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11547 +msgid "" +":gh:`96055`: Update :mod:`faulthandler` to emit an error message with the " +"proper unexpected signal number. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11550 +msgid "" +":gh:`99153`: Fix location of :exc:`SyntaxError` for a :keyword:`try` block " +"with both :keyword:`except` and :keyword:`except* `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11553 +msgid "" +":gh:`98686`: Merge the adaptive opcode logic into each instruction's " +"unquickened variant, and merge the logic in ``EXTENDED_ARG_QUICK`` into " +":opcode:`EXTENDED_ARG`. With these changes, the quickening that happens at " +"code object creation is now only responsible for initializing warmup " +"counters and inserting superinstructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11559 +msgid "" +":gh:`99103`: Fix the error reporting positions of specialized traceback " +"anchors when the source line contains Unicode characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11562 +msgid "" +":gh:`99139`: Improve the error suggestion for :exc:`NameError` exceptions " +"for instances. Now if a :exc:`NameError` is raised in a method and the " +"instance has an attribute that's exactly equal to the name in the exception," +" the suggestion will include ``self.`` instead of the closest match in" +" the method scope. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11568 +msgid "" +":gh:`98401`: Octal escapes with value larger than ``0o377`` (ex: " +"``\"\\477\"``), deprecated in Python 3.11, now produce a " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning`, instead of :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In a future " +"Python version they will be eventually a :exc:`SyntaxError`. Patch by Victor" +" Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11573 +msgid "" +":gh:`98401`: A backslash-character pair that is not a valid escape sequence " +"now generates a :exc:`SyntaxWarning`, instead of :exc:`DeprecationWarning`." +" For example, ``re.compile(\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")`` now emits a " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning` (``\"\\d\"`` is an invalid escape sequence), use raw " +"strings for regular expression: ``re.compile(r\"\\d+\\.\\d+\")``. In a " +"future Python version, :exc:`SyntaxError` will eventually be raised, instead" +" of :exc:`SyntaxWarning`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11581 +msgid "" +":gh:`96793`: Handle StopIteration and StopAsyncIteration raised in generator" +" or coroutines in the bytecode, rather than in wrapping C code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11584 +msgid "" +":gh:`98931`: Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` error message when the user " +"types ``import x from y`` instead of ``from y import x``. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11587 +msgid "" +":gh:`98852`: Fix subscription of type aliases containing bare generic types " +"or types like :class:`~typing.TypeVar`: for example ``tuple[A, T][int]`` and" +" ``tuple[TypeVar, T][int]``, where ``A`` is a generic type, and ``T`` is a " +"type variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11592 +msgid "" +":gh:`98925`: Lower the recursion depth for marshal on WASI to support (in-" +"development) wasmtime 2.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11595 +msgid "" +":gh:`98783`: Fix multiple crashes in debug mode when ``str`` subclasses are " +"used instead of ``str`` itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11598 +msgid "" +":gh:`98811`: Use complete source locations to simplify detection of " +"``__future__`` imports which are not at the beginning of the file. Also " +"corrects the offset in the exception raised in one case, which was off by " +"one and impeded highlighting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11603 +msgid "" +":gh:`96793`: Add specialization of :opcode:`FOR_ITER` for generators. Saves " +"multiple layers of dispatch and checking to get from the :opcode:`FOR_ITER` " +"instruction in the caller to the :opcode:`RESUME` in the generator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11608 +msgid ":gh:`98762`: Fix source locations of :keyword:`match` sub-patterns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11610 +msgid "" +":gh:`98586`: Added the methods :c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_VectorcallMethod` to the :ref:`Limited API ` along" +" with the auxiliary macro constant " +":c:macro:`PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11615 +msgid "" +"The availability of these functions enables more efficient :PEP:`590` vector" +" calls from binary extension modules that avoid argument boxing/unboxing " +"overheads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11619 +msgid "" +":gh:`99257`: Fix an issue where member descriptors (such as those for " +":attr:`~object.__slots__`) could behave incorrectly or crash instead of " +"raising a :exc:`TypeError` when accessed via an instance of an invalid type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11624 +msgid "" +":gh:`93143`: Rather than changing :attr:`~types.CodeType.co_code`, the " +"interpreter will now display a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` and assign " +":const:`None` to any fast locals that are left unbound after jumps or " +":keyword:`del` statements executed while tracing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11629 +msgid "" +":gh:`96421`: When calling into Python code from C code, through " +":c:func:`PyEval_EvalFrameEx` or a related C-API function, a shim frame in " +"inserted into the call stack. This occurs in the " +"``_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()`` function. The extra frame should be invisible" +" to all Python and most C extensions, but out-of-process profilers and " +"debuggers need to be aware of it. These shim frames can be detected by " +"checking ``frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_CSTACK``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11637 +msgid "" +"Extensions implementing their own interpreters using PEP 523 need to be " +"aware of this shim frame and the changes to the semantics of " +":opcode:`RETURN_VALUE`, :opcode:`YIELD_VALUE`, and " +":opcode:`RETURN_GENERATOR`, which now clear the frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11642 +msgid "" +":gh:`98415`: Fix detection of MAC addresses for :mod:`uuid` on certain OSs. " +"Patch by Chaim Sanders" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11645 +msgid "" +":gh:`98686`: Quicken all code objects, and specialize adaptive bytecode " +"instructions more aggressively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11648 +msgid "" +":gh:`92119`: Print exception class name instead of its string representation" +" when raising errors from :mod:`ctypes` calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11651 +msgid "" +":gh:`91058`: :exc:`ImportError` raised from failed ``from import " +"`` now include suggestions for the value of ```` based on the " +"available names in ````. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11655 +msgid "" +":gh:`96793`: The :opcode:`FOR_ITER` now leaves the iterator on the stack on " +"termination of the loop. This is to assist specialization of loops for " +"generators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11659 +msgid "" +":gh:`90716`: Add _pylong.py module. It includes asymptotically faster " +"algorithms that can be used for operations on integers with many digits. It " +"is used by longobject.c to speed up some operations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11663 +msgid "" +":gh:`95389`: Expose :const:`~socket.ETH_P_ALL` and some of the " +":ref:`ETHERTYPE_* constants ` in :mod:`socket`. Patch" +" by Noam Cohen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11667 +msgid "" +":gh:`93696`: Allow :mod:`pdb` to locate source for frozen modules in the " +"standard library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11673 +msgid "" +":gh:`99418`: Fix bug in :func:`urllib.parse.urlparse` that causes URL " +"schemes that begin with a digit, a plus sign, or a minus sign to be parsed " +"incorrectly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11677 +msgid "" +":gh:`94597`: Deprecate :class:`asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher` to be removed " +"in Python 3.14. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11680 +msgid ":gh:`99305`: Improve performance of :func:`secrets.token_hex`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11682 +msgid "" +":gh:`74044`: Fixed bug where :func:`inspect.signature` reported incorrect " +"arguments for decorated methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11685 +msgid "" +":gh:`99275`: Fix ``SystemError`` in :mod:`ctypes` when exception was not set" +" during ``__initsubclass__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11688 +msgid "" +":gh:`99277`: Remove older version of " +"``_SSLProtocolTransport.get_write_buffer_limits`` in " +":mod:`!asyncio.sslproto`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11692 +msgid ":gh:`99248`: fix negative numbers failing in verify()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11694 +msgid "" +":gh:`99155`: Fix :class:`statistics.NormalDist` pickle with ``0`` and ``1`` " +"protocols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11697 +msgid "" +":gh:`93464`: ``enum.auto()`` is now correctly activated when combined with " +"other assignment values. E.g. ``ONE = auto(), 'some text'`` will now " +"evaluate as ``(1, 'some text')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11701 +msgid ":gh:`99134`: Update the bundled copy of pip to version 22.3.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11703 +msgid "" +":gh:`92584`: Remove the ``distutils`` package. It was deprecated in Python " +"3.10 by :pep:`632` \"Deprecate distutils module\". For projects still using " +"``distutils`` and cannot be updated to something else, the ``setuptools`` " +"project can be installed: it still provides ``distutils``. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11709 +msgid "" +":gh:`98999`: Now :mod:`!_pyio` is consistent with :mod:`!_io` in raising " +"``ValueError`` when executing methods over closed buffers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11712 +msgid "" +":gh:`83004`: Clean up refleak on failed module initialisation in " +":mod:`!_zoneinfo`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11715 +msgid "" +":gh:`83004`: Clean up refleaks on failed module initialisation in " +":mod:`!_pickle`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11718 +msgid "" +":gh:`83004`: Clean up refleak on failed module initialisation in " +":mod:`!_io`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11720 +msgid "" +":gh:`98897`: Fix memory leak in :func:`math.dist` when both points don't " +"have the same dimension. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11723 +msgid "" +":gh:`98878`: Use the frame bound builtins when offering a name suggestion in" +" :mod:`traceback` to prevent crashing when ``__builtins__`` is not a dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11726 +msgid "" +":gh:`98139`: In :mod:`importlib._bootstrap`, enhance namespace package repr " +"to ````." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11729 +msgid "" +":gh:`90352`: Fix ``_SelectorDatagramTransport`` to inherit from " +":class:`~asyncio.DatagramTransport` in :mod:`asyncio`. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11733 +msgid "" +":gh:`98793`: Fix argument typechecks in :func:`!_overlapped.WSAConnect` and " +":func:`!_overlapped.Overlapped.WSASendTo` functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11736 +msgid "" +":gh:`98744`: Prevent crashing in :mod:`traceback` when retrieving the byte-" +"offset for some source files that contain certain unicode characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11739 +msgid "" +":gh:`98740`: Fix internal error in the :mod:`re` module which in very rare " +"circumstances prevented compilation of a regular expression containing a " +":ref:`conditional expression ` without the " +"\"else\" branch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11744 +msgid "" +":gh:`98703`: Fix :meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.drain` to call " +"``protocol.connection_lost`` callback only once on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11747 +msgid "" +":gh:`98624`: Add a mutex to unittest.mock.NonCallableMock to protect " +"concurrent access to mock attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11750 +msgid "" +":gh:`98658`: The :class:`array.array` class now supports subscripting, " +"making it a :term:`generic type`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11753 +msgid "" +":gh:`98284`: Improved :class:`TypeError` message for undefined abstract " +"methods of a :class:`abc.ABC` instance. The names of the missing methods are" +" surrounded by single-quotes to highlight them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11757 +msgid "" +":gh:`96151`: Allow ``BUILTINS`` to be a valid field name for frozen " +"dataclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11760 +msgid "" +":gh:`98086`: Make sure ``patch.dict()`` can be applied on async functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11762 +msgid "" +":gh:`72719`: Remove modules :mod:`!asyncore` and :mod:`!asynchat`, which " +"were deprecated by :pep:`594`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11765 +msgid "" +":gh:`96192`: Fix handling of ``bytes`` :term:`path-like objects ` in :func:`os.ismount`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11768 +msgid "" +":gh:`94172`: :mod:`ftplib`: Remove the ``FTP_TLS.ssl_version`` class " +"attribute: use the *context* parameter instead. Patch by Victor Stinner" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11771 +msgid "" +":gh:`94172`: Remove the *keyfile* and *certfile* parameters from the " +":mod:`ftplib`, :mod:`imaplib`, :mod:`poplib` and :mod:`smtplib` modules, and" +" the *key_file*, *cert_file* and *check_hostname* parameters from the " +":mod:`http.client` module, all deprecated since Python 3.6. Use the " +"*context* parameter (*ssl_context* in :mod:`imaplib`) instead. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11778 +msgid "" +":gh:`83638`: Add the :attr:`~sqlite3.Connection.autocommit` attribute to " +":class:`sqlite3.Connection` and the *autocommit* parameter to " +":func:`sqlite3.connect` to control :pep:`249`-compliant :ref:`transaction " +"handling `. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11784 +msgid "" +":gh:`92452`: Fixed a race condition that could cause " +":func:`sysconfig.get_config_var` to incorrectly return :const:`None` in " +"multi-threaded programs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11788 +msgid "" +":gh:`91803`: Fix an error when using a method of objects mocked with " +":func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec` after it was sealed with " +":func:`unittest.mock.seal` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11792 +msgid "" +":issue:`38523`: :func:`shutil.copytree` now applies the " +"*ignore_dangling_symlinks* argument recursively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11795 +msgid "" +":issue:`40358`: Add walk_up argument in " +":meth:`pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11797 +msgid "" +":issue:`36267`: Fix IndexError in :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` when a " +"``store_true`` action is given an explicit argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11803 +msgid "" +":gh:`98832`: Changes wording of docstring for :func:`pathlib.Path.iterdir`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11805 +msgid "" +":gh:`97966`: Update uname docs to clarify the special nature of the platform" +" attribute and to indicate when it became late-bound." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11811 +msgid "" +":gh:`98903`: The Python test suite now fails with exit code 4 if no tests " +"ran. It should help detecting typos in test names and test methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11814 +msgid "" +":gh:`98713`: Fix a bug in the :mod:`typing` tests where a test relying on " +"CPython-specific implementation details was not decorated with " +"``@cpython_only`` and was not skipped on other implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11818 +msgid "" +":gh:`87390`: Add tests for star-unpacking with PEP 646, and some other " +"miscellaneous PEP 646 tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11821 +msgid "" +":gh:`96853`: Added explicit coverage of ``Py_Initialize`` (and hence " +"``Py_InitializeEx``) back to the embedding tests (all other embedding tests " +"migrated to ``Py_InitializeFromConfig`` in Python 3.11)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11825 +msgid "" +":issue:`34272`: Some C API tests were moved into the new Lib/test/test_capi/" +" directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11831 +msgid "" +":gh:`99086`: Fix ``-Wimplicit-int`` compiler warning in :program:`configure`" +" check for ``PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11834 +msgid ":gh:`99016`: Fix build with ``PYTHON_FOR_REGEN=python3.8``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11836 +msgid "" +":gh:`97731`: Specify the full path to the source location for ``make " +"docclean`` (needed for cross-builds)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11839 +msgid ":gh:`98949`: Drop unused build dependency on ``readelf``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11841 +msgid "" +":gh:`98989`: Use ``python3.11``, if available, for regeneration and " +"freezing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11843 +msgid "" +":gh:`98831`: Add new tooling, in ``Tools/cases_generator``, to generate the " +"interpreter switch statement from a list of opcode definitions. This only " +"affects adding, modifying or removing instruction definitions. The " +"instruction definitions now live in ``Python/bytecodes.c``, in the form of a" +" `custom DSL (under development) `__. The tooling " +"reads this file and writes ``Python/generated_cases.c.h``, which is then " +"included by ``Python/ceval.c`` to provide most of the cases of the main " +"interpreter switch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11853 +msgid "" +":gh:`98817`: Remove PCbuild/lib.pyproj: it's not used for anything, is only " +"a minor convenience for Visual Studio users (who probably mostly don't even " +"know about it), and it takes a lot of maintenance effort to keep updated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11857 +msgid "" +":gh:`98776`: Fix ``make regen-test-levenshtein`` for out-of-tree builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11859 +msgid "" +":gh:`98707`: Don't use vendored ``libmpdec`` headers if :option:`--with-" +"system-libmpdec` is passed to :program:`configure`. Don't use vendored " +"``libexpat`` headers if :option:`--with-system-expat` is passed to " +":program:`configure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11867 +msgid "" +":gh:`98689`: Update Windows builds to zlib v1.2.13. v1.2.12 has " +":cve:`2022-37434`, but the vulnerable ``inflateGetHeader`` API is not used " +"by Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11871 +msgid "" +":gh:`98790`: Assumes that a missing ``DLLs`` directory means that standard " +"extension modules are in the executable's directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11874 +msgid "" +":gh:`98745`: Update :file:`py.exe` launcher to install 3.11 by default and " +"3.12 on request." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11877 +msgid "" +":gh:`98692`: Fix the :ref:`launcher` ignoring unrecognized shebang lines " +"instead of treating them as local paths" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11880 +msgid ":gh:`94328`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.39.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11885 +msgid ":gh:`94328`: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.39.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11890 +msgid "" +":gh:`98724`: The :c:macro:`Py_CLEAR`, :c:macro:`Py_SETREF` and " +":c:macro:`Py_XSETREF` macros now only evaluate their argument once. If the " +"argument has side effects, these side effects are no longer duplicated. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11895 +msgid "" +":gh:`98978`: Fix use-after-free in ``Py_SetPythonHome(NULL)``, " +"``Py_SetProgramName(NULL)`` and ``_Py_SetProgramFullPath(NULL)`` function " +"calls. Issue reported by Benedikt Reinartz. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11899 +msgid "" +":gh:`98410`: Add ``getbufferproc`` and ``releasebufferproc`` to the stable " +"API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11902 +msgid "" +":gh:`98610`: Some configurable capabilities of sub-interpreters have " +"changed. They always allow subprocesses (:mod:`subprocess`) now, whereas " +"before subprocesses could be optionally disallowed for a sub-interpreter. " +"Instead :func:`os.exec` can now be disallowed. Disallowing daemon threads is" +" now supported. Disallowing all threads is still allowed, but is never done" +" by default. Note that the optional restrictions are only available through " +"``_Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig()``, which isn't a public API. They do not " +"affect the main interpreter, nor :c:func:`Py_NewInterpreter`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11911 +msgid "" +":gh:`98608`: A ``_PyInterpreterConfig`` has been added and " +"``_Py_NewInterpreter()`` has been renamed to " +"``_Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig()``. The \"isolated_subinterpreters\" " +"argument is now a granular config that captures the previous behavior. Note " +"that this is all \"private\" API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11917 +msgid "" +":gh:`96853`: ``Py_InitializeEx`` now correctly calls ``PyConfig_Clear`` " +"after initializing the interpreter (the omission didn't cause a memory leak " +"only because none of the dynamically allocated config fields are populated " +"by the wrapper function)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11922 +msgid "" +":gh:`91248`: Add :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVar` and :c:func:`PyFrame_GetVarString`" +" functions to get a frame variable by its name. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11927 +msgid "Python 3.12.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11929 +msgid "*Release date: 2022-10-25*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11934 +msgid "" +":gh:`97616`: Fix multiplying a list by an integer (``list *= int``): detect " +"the integer overflow when the new allocated length is close to the maximum " +"size. Issue reported by Jordan Limor. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11938 +msgid "" +":gh:`97514`: On Linux the :mod:`multiprocessing` module returns to using " +"filesystem backed unix domain sockets for communication with the " +"*forkserver* process instead of the Linux abstract socket namespace. Only " +"code that chooses to use the :ref:`\"forkserver\" start method " +"` is affected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11944 +msgid "" +"Abstract sockets have no permissions and could allow any user on the system " +"in the same `network namespace `_ (often the whole system) to inject " +"code into the multiprocessing *forkserver* process. This was a potential " +"privilege escalation. Filesystem based socket permissions restrict this to " +"the *forkserver* process user as was the default in Python 3.8 and earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11952 +msgid "This prevents Linux :cve:`2022-42919`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11954 +msgid "" +":gh:`87389`: :mod:`http.server`: Fix an open redirection vulnerability in " +"the HTTP server when an URI path starts with ``//``. Vulnerability " +"discovered, and initial fix proposed, by Hamza Avvan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11958 +msgid "" +":gh:`79096`: LWPCookieJar and MozillaCookieJar create files with file mode " +"600 instead of 644 (Microsoft Windows is not affected)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11961 +msgid "" +":gh:`92888`: Fix ``memoryview`` use after free when accessing the backing " +"buffer in certain cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11964 +msgid "" +":gh:`68966`: The deprecated mailcap module now refuses to inject unsafe text" +" (filenames, MIME types, parameters) into shell commands. Instead of using " +"such text, it will warn and act as if a match was not found (or for test " +"commands, as if the test failed)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11972 +msgid "" +":gh:`98374`: Suppress ImportError for invalid query for help() command. " +"Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11975 +msgid "" +":gh:`98461`: Fix source location in bytecode for list, set and dict " +"comprehensions as well as generator expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11978 +msgid "" +":gh:`98354`: Added unicode check for ``name`` attribute of ``spec`` argument" +" passed in :func:`!_imp.create_builtin` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11981 +msgid ":gh:`98398`: Fix source location of 'assert' bytecodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11983 +msgid "" +":gh:`98390`: Fix location of sub-expressions of boolean expressions, by " +"reducing their scope to that of the sub-expression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11986 +msgid "" +":gh:`98254`: Modules from the standard library are now potentially suggested" +" as part of the error messages displayed by the interpreter when an " +":exc:`NameError` is raised to the top level. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11990 +msgid "" +":gh:`97997`: Add running column offset to the tokenizer state to avoid " +"calculating AST column information with pointer arithmetic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11993 +msgid "" +":gh:`97973`: Modify the tokenizer to return all necessary information the " +"parser needs to set location information in the AST nodes, so that the " +"parser does not have to calculate those doing pointer arithmetic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:11997 +msgid "" +":gh:`96078`: :func:`os.sched_yield` now release the GIL while calling " +"sched_yield(2). Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12000 +msgid ":gh:`97955`: Migrate :mod:`zoneinfo` to Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12002 +msgid "" +":gh:`97912`: The compiler now avoids quadratic behavior when finding which " +"instructions should use the :opcode:`LOAD_FAST_CHECK` opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12005 +msgid "" +":gh:`97002`: Fix an issue where several frame objects could be backed by the" +" same interpreter frame, possibly leading to corrupted memory and hard " +"crashes of the interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12009 +msgid "" +":gh:`97943`: Bugfix: :c:func:`PyFunction_GetAnnotations` should return a " +"borrowed reference. It was returning a new reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12012 +msgid "" +":gh:`97922`: The Garbage Collector now runs only on the eval breaker " +"mechanism of the Python bytecode evaluation loop instead on object " +"allocations. The GC can also run when :c:func:`PyErr_CheckSignals` is called" +" so C extensions that need to run for a long time without executing any " +"Python code also have a chance to execute the GC periodically." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12018 +msgid "" +":gh:`65961`: When ``__package__`` is different than ``__spec__.parent``, " +"raise a ``DeprecationWarning`` instead of ``ImportWarning``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12021 +msgid "" +"Also remove ``importlib.util.set_package()`` which was scheduled for " +"removal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12024 +msgid "" +":gh:`97850`: Long deprecated, ``module_repr()`` should now be completely " +"eradicated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12027 +msgid "" +":gh:`86298`: In cases where ``warnings.warn_explicit()`` consults the " +"module's loader, an ``DeprecationWarning`` is issued when ``m.__loader__`` " +"differs from ``m.__spec__.loader``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12031 +msgid "" +":gh:`97779`: Ensure that all Python frame objects are backed by \"complete\"" +" frames." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12034 +msgid "" +":gh:`91052`: Add API for subscribing to modification events on selected " +"dictionaries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12037 +msgid "" +":gh:`97752`: Fix possible data corruption or crashes when accessing the " +"``f_back`` member of newly-created generator or coroutine frames." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12040 +msgid "" +":gh:`97591`: Fixed a missing incref/decref pair in " +"``Exception.__setstate__()``. Patch by Ofey Chan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12043 +msgid "" +":gh:`97670`: Remove the :func:`sys.getdxp` function and the " +"``Tools/scripts/analyze_dxp.py`` script. DXP stands for \"dynamic execution " +"pairs\". They were related to ``DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE`` and ``DXPAIRS`` " +"macros which have been removed in Python 3.11. Python can now be built with " +":option:`./configure --enable-pystats <--enable-pystats>` to gather " +"statistics on Python opcodes. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12050 +msgid "" +":gh:`94526`: Fix the Python path configuration used to initialized " +":data:`sys.path` at Python startup. Paths are no longer encoded to " +"UTF-8/strict to avoid encoding errors if it contains surrogate characters " +"(bytes paths are decoded with the surrogateescape error handler). Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12056 +msgid "" +":gh:`96670`: The parser now raises :exc:`SyntaxError` when parsing source " +"code containing null bytes. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12059 +msgid "" +":gh:`96975`: Fix a crash occurring when :c:func:`PyEval_GetFrame` is called " +"while the topmost Python frame is in a partially-initialized state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12062 +msgid "" +":gh:`96848`: Fix command line parsing: reject :option:`-X int_max_str_digits" +" <-X>` option with no value (invalid) when the " +":envvar:`PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS` environment variable is set to a valid " +"limit. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12067 +msgid "" +":gh:`95921`: Fix overly-broad source position information for chained " +"comparisons used as branching conditions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12070 +msgid ":gh:`96821`: Fix undefined behaviour in ``audioop.c``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12072 +msgid ":gh:`96821`: Fix undefined behaviour in ``_testcapimodule.c``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12074 +msgid "" +":gh:`95778`: When :exc:`ValueError` is raised if an integer is larger than " +"the limit, mention the :func:`sys.set_int_max_str_digits` function in the " +"error message. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12078 +msgid "" +":gh:`96387`: At Python exit, sometimes a thread holding the GIL can wait " +"forever for a thread (usually a daemon thread) which requested to drop the " +"GIL, whereas the thread already exited. To fix the race condition, the " +"thread which requested the GIL drop now resets its request before exiting. " +"Issue discovered and analyzed by Mingliang ZHAO. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12084 +msgid "" +":gh:`96864`: Fix a possible assertion failure, fatal error, or " +":exc:`SystemError` if a line tracing event raises an exception while opcode " +"tracing is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12088 +msgid "" +":gh:`95778`: The ``PyLong_FromString`` function was refactored to make it " +"more maintainable and extensible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12091 +msgid "" +":gh:`96678`: Fix undefined behaviour in C code of null pointer arithmetic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12093 +msgid "" +":gh:`96754`: Make sure that all frame objects created are created from valid" +" interpreter frames. Prevents the possibility of invalid frames in " +"backtraces and signal handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12097 +msgid "" +":gh:`90997`: Improve the performance of reading and writing inline bytecode " +"caches on some platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12100 +msgid ":gh:`96751`: Remove dead code from ``CALL_FUNCTION_EX`` opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12102 +msgid "" +":gh:`90751`: :class:`memoryview` now supports half-floats. Patch by Donghee " +"Na and Antoine Pitrou." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12105 +msgid ":gh:`96678`: Fix case of undefined behavior in ceval.c" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12107 +msgid ":gh:`64373`: Convert :mod:`!_functools` to argument clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12109 +msgid ":gh:`96641`: Do not expose ``KeyWrapper`` in :mod:`!_functools`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12111 +msgid "" +":gh:`96636`: Ensure that tracing, ``sys.setrace()``, is turned on " +"immediately. In pre-release versions of 3.11, some tracing events might have" +" been lost when turning on tracing in a ``__del__`` method or interrupt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12116 +msgid "" +":gh:`96572`: Fix use after free in trace refs build mode. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12119 +msgid "" +":gh:`96611`: When loading a file with invalid UTF-8 inside a multi-line " +"string, a correct SyntaxError is emitted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12122 +msgid "" +":gh:`96612`: Make sure that incomplete frames do not show up in tracemalloc " +"traces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12125 +msgid "" +":gh:`90230`: Fix compiler warnings and test failures when building with " +"``--enable-pystats``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12128 +msgid "" +":gh:`96587`: Correctly raise ``SyntaxError`` on exception groups " +"(:pep:`654`) on python versions prior to 3.11" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12131 +msgid "" +":gh:`96569`: Remove two cases of undefined behavior, by adding NULL checks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12133 +msgid "" +":gh:`96582`: Fix possible ``NULL`` pointer dereference in " +"``_PyThread_CurrentFrames``. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12136 +msgid "" +":gh:`91079`: Separate Python recursion checking from C recursion checking " +"which reduces the chance of C stack overflow and allows the recursion limit " +"to be increased safely." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12140 +msgid "" +":gh:`93911`: Fix an issue that could prevent :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR` from " +"specializing properly when accessing properties." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12143 +msgid "" +":gh:`96348`: Emit a DeprecationWarning when :meth:`~generator.throw`, " +":meth:`~coroutine.throw` or :meth:`~agen.athrow` are called with more than " +"one argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12147 +msgid "" +":gh:`95196`: Disable incorrect pickling of the C implemented classmethod " +"descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12150 +msgid "" +":gh:`96364`: Fix text signatures of ``list.__getitem__`` and " +"``dict.__getitem__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12153 +msgid "" +":gh:`96352`: Fix :exc:`AttributeError` missing ``name`` and ``obj`` " +"attributes in :meth:`object.__getattribute__`. Patch by Philip Georgi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12156 +msgid "" +":gh:`93554`: Change the jump opcodes so that all conditional jumps are " +"forward jumps. Backward jumps are converted by the assembler into a " +"conditional forward jump whose target is the fallthrough block (and with a " +"reversed condition), followed by an unconditional backward jump. For " +"example:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12162 +msgid "" +"``POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE BACKWARD_TARGET`` becomes ``POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE NEXT_BLOCK;" +" JUMP BACKWARD_TARGET``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12165 +msgid "" +"All the directed conditional jump opcodes were removed: " +"``POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_TRUE``, ``POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_TRUE``, " +"``POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_FALSE``, ``POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_FALSE``, " +"``POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_NONE``, ``POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_NONE``, " +"``POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_NOT_NONE``, ``POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_NOT_NONE``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12171 +msgid "" +"The corresponding opcodes without direction are no longer pseudo-" +"instructions, and they implement the forward conditional jumps." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12174 +msgid "" +":gh:`96268`: Loading a file with invalid UTF-8 will now report the broken " +"character at the correct location." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12177 +msgid "" +":gh:`96237`: The internal field ``_PyInterpreterFrame.f_func`` is renamed to" +" ``_PyInterpreterFrame.f_funcobj`` and may be any object. The ``f_globals`` " +"and ``f_builtin`` fields may hold junk values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12181 +msgid "It is safest to treat the ``_PyInterpreterFrame`` struct as opaque." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12183 +msgid "" +":gh:`96187`: Fixed a bug that caused ``_PyCode_GetExtra`` to return garbage " +"for negative indexes. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12186 +msgid "" +":gh:`96143`: Add a new ``-X perf`` Python command line option as well as " +":func:`sys.activate_stack_trampoline` and " +":func:`sys.deactivate_stack_trampoline` function in the :mod:`sys` module " +"that allows to set/unset the interpreter in a way that the Linux ``perf`` " +"profiler can detect Python calls. The new " +":func:`sys.is_stack_trampoline_active` function allows to query the state of" +" the perf trampoline. Design by Pablo Galindo. Patch by Pablo Galindo and " +"Christian Heimes with contributions from Gregory P. Smith [Google] and Mark " +"Shannon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12196 +msgid "" +":gh:`96071`: Fix a deadlock in :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` when allocating " +"new thread state. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12199 +msgid "" +":gh:`96046`: :c:func:`PyType_Ready` now initializes ``ht_cached_keys`` and " +"performs additional checks to ensure that type objects are properly " +"configured. This avoids crashes in 3rd party packages that don't use regular" +" API to create new types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12204 +msgid "" +":gh:`96005`: On WASI :const:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE` is now mapped to " +":exc:`PermissionError`. The :mod:`errno` modules exposes the new error " +"number. ``getpath.py`` now ignores :exc:`PermissionError` when it cannot " +"open landmark files ``pybuilddir.txt`` and ``pyenv.cfg``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12209 +msgid "" +":gh:`93678`: Added test a harness for direct unit tests of the compiler's " +"optimization stage. The ``_testinternalcapi.optimize_cfg()`` function runs " +"the optimiser on a sequence of instructions. The ``CfgOptimizationTestCase``" +" class in ``test.support`` has utilities for invoking the optimizer and " +"checking the output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12215 +msgid "" +":gh:`95245`: Reduces the size of a \"simple\" Python object from 8 to 6 " +"words by moving the weakreflist pointer into the pre-header directly before " +"the object's dict/values pointer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12219 +msgid "" +":gh:`90997`: Compile virtual :keyword:`try`/:keyword:`except` blocks to " +"handle exceptions raised during :meth:`~generator.close` or " +":meth:`~generator.throw` calls through a suspended frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12223 +msgid "" +":gh:`95977`: Optimized calling :meth:`~object.__get__` with vectorcall. " +"Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12226 +msgid "" +":gh:`91210`: Improve error message when a parameter without a default value " +"follows one with a default value, and show the same message, even when the " +"non-default/default sequence is preceded by positional-only parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12230 +msgid "" +":gh:`95922`: Fixed bug where the compiler's ``eliminate_empty_basic_blocks``" +" function ignores the last block of the code unit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12233 +msgid "" +":gh:`95818`: Skip over incomplete frames in " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12235 +msgid "" +":gh:`95876`: Fix format string in ``_PyPegen_raise_error_known_location`` " +"that can lead to memory corruption on some 64bit systems. The function was " +"building a tuple with ``i`` (int) instead of ``n`` (Py_ssize_t) for " +"Py_ssize_t arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12240 +msgid "" +":gh:`95605`: Fix misleading contents of error message when converting an " +"all-whitespace string to :class:`float`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12243 +msgid "" +":gh:`95150`: Update code object hashing and equality to consider all " +"debugging and exception handling tables. This fixes an issue where certain " +"non-identical code objects could be \"deduplicated\" during compilation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12247 +msgid "" +":gh:`91146`: Reduce allocation size of :class:`list` from :meth:`str.split` " +"and :meth:`str.rsplit`. Patch by Donghee Na and Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12250 +msgid "" +":gh:`87092`: Create a 'jump target label' abstraction in the compiler so " +"that the compiler's codegen stage does not work directly with basic blocks. " +"This prepares the code for changes to the underlying CFG generation " +"mechanism." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12255 +msgid "" +":gh:`95355`: ``_PyPegen_Parser_New`` now properly detects token memory " +"allocation errors. Patch by Honglin Zhu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12258 +msgid "" +":gh:`90081`: Run Python code in tracer/profiler function at full speed. " +"Fixes slowdown in earlier versions of 3.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12261 +msgid "" +":gh:`95324`: Emit a warning in debug mode if an object does not call " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` before deallocation. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12264 +msgid "" +":gh:`95245`: Merge managed dict and values pointer into a single tagged " +"pointer to save one word in the pre-header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12267 +msgid "" +":gh:`93678`: Add cfg_builder struct and refactor the relevant code so that a" +" cfg can be constructed without an instance of the compiler struct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12270 +msgid "" +":gh:`95185`: Prevented crashes in the AST constructor when compiling some " +"absurdly long expressions like ``\"+0\"*1000000``. :exc:`RecursionError` is " +"now raised instead. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12274 +msgid "" +":gh:`93351`: :class:`ast.AST` node positions are now validated when provided" +" to :func:`compile` and other related functions. If invalid positions are " +"detected, a :exc:`ValueError` will be raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12278 +msgid "" +":gh:`94438`: Fix an issue that caused extended opcode arguments and some " +"conditional pops to be ignored when calculating valid jump targets for " +"assignments to the ``f_lineno`` attribute of frame objects. In some cases, " +"this could cause inconsistent internal state, resulting in a hard crash of " +"the interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12284 +msgid "" +":gh:`95060`: Undocumented ``PyCode_Addr2Location`` function now properly " +"returns when ``addrq`` argument is less than zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12287 +msgid "" +":gh:`95113`: Replace all ``EXTENDED_ARG_QUICK`` instructions with basic " +":opcode:`EXTENDED_ARG` instructions in unquickened code. Consumers of non-" +"adaptive bytecode should be able to handle extended arguments the same way " +"they were handled in CPython 3.10 and older." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12292 +msgid "" +":gh:`91409`: Fix incorrect source location info caused by certain " +"optimizations in the bytecode compiler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12295 +msgid "" +":gh:`95023`: Implement :func:`os.setns` and :func:`os.unshare` for Linux. " +"Patch by Noam Cohen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12298 +msgid "" +":gh:`94036`: Fix incorrect source location info for some multi-line " +"attribute accesses and method calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12301 +msgid "" +":gh:`94938`: Fix error detection in some builtin functions when keyword " +"argument name is an instance of a str subclass with overloaded ``__eq__`` " +"and ``__hash__``. Previously it could cause SystemError or other undesired " +"behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12306 +msgid "" +":gh:`94996`: :func:`ast.parse` will no longer parse function definitions " +"with positional-only params when passed ``feature_version`` less than ``(3, " +"8)``. Patch by Shantanu Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12310 +msgid "" +":gh:`94739`: Allow jumping within, out of, and across exception handlers in " +"the debugger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12313 +msgid "" +":gh:`94949`: :func:`ast.parse` will no longer parse parenthesized context " +"managers when passed ``feature_version`` less than ``(3, 9)``. Patch by " +"Shantanu Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12317 +msgid "" +":gh:`94947`: :func:`ast.parse` will no longer parse assignment expressions " +"when passed ``feature_version`` less than ``(3, 8)``. Patch by Shantanu " +"Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12321 +msgid "" +":gh:`91256`: Ensures the program name is known for help text during " +"interpreter startup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12324 +msgid "" +":gh:`94869`: Fix the column offsets for some expressions in multi-line " +"f-strings :mod:`ast` nodes. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12327 +msgid "" +":gh:`94893`: Fix an issue where frame object manipulations could corrupt " +"inline bytecode caches." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12330 +msgid "" +":gh:`94822`: Fix an issue where lookups of metaclass descriptors may be " +"ignored when an identically-named attribute also exists on the class itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12334 +msgid "" +":gh:`91153`: Fix an issue where a :class:`bytearray` item assignment could " +"crash if it's resized by the new value's :meth:`__index__` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12337 +msgid "" +":gh:`90699`: Fix reference counting bug in :meth:`bool.__repr__`. Patch by " +"Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12340 +msgid "" +":gh:`94694`: Fix an issue that could cause code with multi-line method " +"lookups to have misleading or incorrect column offset information. In some " +"cases (when compiling a hand-built AST) this could have resulted in a hard " +"crash of the interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12345 +msgid "" +":gh:`93252`: Fix an issue that caused internal frames to outlive failed " +"Python function calls, possibly resulting in memory leaks or hard " +"interpreter crashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12349 +msgid "" +":gh:`94215`: Fix an issue where exceptions raised by line-tracing events " +"would cause frames to be left in an invalid state, possibly resulting in a " +"hard crash of the interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12353 +msgid "" +":gh:`92228`: Disable the compiler's inline-small-exit-blocks optimization " +"for exit blocks that are associated with source code lines. This fixes a bug" +" where the debugger cannot tell where an exception handler ends and the " +"following code block begins." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12358 +msgid "" +":gh:`94485`: Line number of a module's ``RESUME`` instruction is set to 0 as" +" specified in :pep:`626`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12361 +msgid "" +":gh:`94438`: Account for instructions that can push NULL to the stack when " +"setting line number in a frame. Prevents some (unlikely) crashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12364 +msgid "" +":gh:`91719`: Reload ``opcode`` when raising ``unknown opcode error`` in the " +"interpreter main loop, for C compilers to generate dispatching code " +"independently." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12368 +msgid "" +":gh:`94329`: Compile and run code with unpacking of extremely large " +"sequences (1000s of elements). Such code failed to compile. It now compiles " +"and runs correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12372 +msgid "" +":gh:`94360`: Fixed a tokenizer crash when reading encoded files with syntax " +"errors from ``stdin`` with non utf-8 encoded text. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12375 +msgid "" +":gh:`88116`: Fix an issue when reading line numbers from code objects if the" +" encoded line numbers are close to ``INT_MIN``. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12378 +msgid "" +":gh:`94262`: Don't create frame objects for incomplete frames. Prevents the " +"creation of generators and closures from being observable to Python and C " +"extensions, restoring the behavior of 3.10 and earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12382 +msgid "" +":gh:`94192`: Fix error for dictionary literals with invalid expression as " +"value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12385 +msgid "" +":gh:`87995`: :class:`types.MappingProxyType` instances are now hashable if " +"the underlying mapping is hashable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12388 +msgid "" +":gh:`93883`: Revise the display strategy of traceback enhanced error " +"locations. The indicators are only shown when the location doesn't span the" +" whole line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12392 +msgid "" +":gh:`94163`: Add :opcode:`BINARY_SLICE` and :opcode:`STORE_SLICE` " +"instructions for more efficient handling and better specialization of " +"slicing operations, where the slice is explicit in the source code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12396 +msgid ":gh:`94021`: Fix unreachable code warning in ``Python/specialize.c``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12398 +msgid "" +":gh:`93911`: Specialize ``LOAD_ATTR`` for objects with custom " +"``__getattribute__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12401 +msgid "" +":gh:`93955`: Improve performance of attribute lookups on objects with custom" +" ``__getattribute__`` and ``__getattr__``. Patch by Ken Jin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12404 +msgid ":gh:`93911`: Specialize ``LOAD_ATTR`` for ``property()`` attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12406 +msgid "" +":gh:`93678`: Refactor compiler optimisation code so that it no longer needs " +"the ``struct assembler`` and ``struct compiler`` passed around. Instead, " +"each function takes the CFG and other data that it actually needs. This will" +" make it possible to test this code directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12411 +msgid "" +":gh:`93841`: When built with ``-enable-pystats``, ``sys._stats_on()``, " +"``sys._stats_off()``, ``sys._stats_clear()`` and ``sys._stats_dump()`` " +"functions have been added to enable gathering stats for parts of programs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12415 +msgid "" +":gh:`93516`: Store offset of first traceable instruction in code object to " +"avoid having to recompute it for each instruction when tracing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12418 +msgid "" +":gh:`93516`: Lazily create a table mapping bytecode offsets to line numbers " +"to speed up calculation of line numbers when tracing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12421 +msgid "" +":gh:`89828`: :class:`types.GenericAlias` no longer relays the ``__class__`` " +"attribute. For example, ``isinstance(list[int], type)`` no longer returns " +"``True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12425 +msgid "" +":gh:`93678`: Refactor the compiler to reduce boilerplate and repetition." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12427 +msgid "" +":gh:`93671`: Fix some exponential backtrace case happening with deeply " +"nested sequence patterns in match statements. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12430 +msgid "" +":gh:`93662`: Make sure that the end column offsets are correct in multi-line" +" method calls. Previously, the end column could precede the column offset." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12433 +msgid "" +":gh:`93461`: :func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` now drops entries from " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` with a relative path as name. This solves a " +"caching issue when a process changes its current working directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12437 +msgid "" +"``FileFinder`` no longer inserts a dot in the path, e.g. ``/egg/./spam`` is " +"now ``/egg/spam``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12440 +msgid "" +":gh:`93621`: Change order of bytecode instructions emitted for " +":keyword:`with` and :keyword:`async with` to reduce the number of entries in" +" the exception table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12444 +msgid "" +":gh:`93533`: Reduce the size of the inline cache for ``LOAD_METHOD`` by 2 " +"bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12447 +msgid "" +":gh:`93444`: Removed redundant fields from the compiler's basicblock struct:" +" ``b_nofallthrough``, ``b_exit``, ``b_return``. They can be easily " +"calculated from the opcode of the last instruction of the block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12451 +msgid "" +":gh:`93429`: ``LOAD_METHOD`` instruction has been removed. It was merged " +"back into ``LOAD_ATTR``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12454 +msgid "" +":gh:`93418`: Fixed an assert where an f-string has an equal sign '=' " +"following an expression, but there's no trailing brace. For example, " +"f\"{i=\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12458 +msgid "" +":gh:`93382`: Cache the result of :c:func:`PyCode_GetCode` function to " +"restore the *O*\\ (1) lookup of the :attr:`~types.CodeType.co_code` " +"attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12461 +msgid "" +":gh:`93359`: Ensure that custom :mod:`ast` nodes without explicit end " +"positions can be compiled. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12464 +msgid "" +":gh:`93356`: Code for exception handlers is emitted at the end of the code " +"unit's bytecode. This avoids one jump when no exception is raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12467 +msgid "" +":gh:`93354`: Use exponential backoff for specialization counters in the " +"interpreter. Can reduce the number of failed specializations significantly " +"and avoid slowdown for those parts of a program that are not suitable for " +"specialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12472 +msgid "" +":gh:`93283`: Improve error message for invalid syntax of conversion " +"character in f-string expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12475 +msgid "" +":gh:`93345`: Fix a crash in substitution of a ``TypeVar`` in nested generic " +"alias after ``TypeVarTuple``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12478 +msgid "" +":gh:`93223`: When a bytecode instruction jumps to an unconditional jump " +"instruction, the first instruction can often be optimized to target the " +"unconditional jump's target directly. For tracing reasons, this would " +"previously only occur if both instructions have the same line number. This " +"also now occurs if the unconditional jump is artificial, i.e., if it has no " +"associated line number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12485 +msgid "" +":gh:`84694`: The ``--experimental-isolated-subinterpreters`` configure " +"option and ``EXPERIMENTAL_ISOLATED_SUBINTERPRETERS`` macro have been " +"removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12488 +msgid "" +":gh:`91924`: Fix ``__lltrace__`` debug feature if the stdout encoding is not" +" UTF-8. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12491 +msgid "" +":gh:`93040`: Wraps unused parameters in ``Objects/obmalloc.c`` with " +"``Py_UNUSED``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12494 +msgid "" +":gh:`93143`: Avoid ``NULL`` checks for uninitialized local variables by " +"determining at compile time which variables must be initialized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12497 +msgid "" +":gh:`93061`: Backward jumps after ``async for`` loops are no longer given " +"dubious line numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12500 +msgid "" +":gh:`93065`: Fix contextvars HAMT implementation to handle iteration over " +"deep trees." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12503 +msgid "" +"The bug was discovered and fixed by Eli Libman. See " +"`MagicStack/immutables#84 " +"`_ for more details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12507 +msgid "" +":gh:`93012`: Added the new function :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass`, which " +"generalizes the existing :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` using an " +"additional metaclass argument. This is useful for language binding tools, " +"where it can be used to intercept type-related operations like subclassing " +"or static attribute access by specifying a metaclass with custom slots." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12513 +msgid "" +"Importantly, :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass` is available in the Limited API," +" which provides a path towards migrating more binding tools onto the Stable " +"ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12517 +msgid "" +":gh:`93021`: Fix the :attr:`__text_signature__` for :meth:`__get__` methods " +"implemented in C. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12520 +msgid "" +":gh:`89914`: The operand of the ``YIELD_VALUE`` instruction is set to the " +"stack depth. This is done to help frame handling on ``yield`` and may assist" +" debuggers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12524 +msgid "" +":gh:`92955`: Fix memory leak in code object's lines and positions iterators " +"as they were not finalized at exit. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12527 +msgid "" +":gh:`92930`: Fixed a crash in ``_pickle.c`` from mutating collections during" +" ``__reduce__`` or ``persistent_id``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12530 +msgid "" +":gh:`90690`: The PRECALL instruction has been removed. It offered only a " +"small advantage for specialization and is not needed in the vast majority of" +" cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12534 +msgid "" +":gh:`92914`: Always round the allocated size for lists up to the nearest " +"even number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12537 +msgid "" +":gh:`92858`: Improve error message for some suites with syntax error before " +"':'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12540 +msgid "" +":gh:`90473`: Decrease default recursion limit on WASI to address limited " +"call stack size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12543 +msgid "" +":gh:`92804`: Fix memory leak in ``memoryview`` iterator as it was not " +"finalized at exit. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12546 +msgid "" +":gh:`92777`: Specialize ``LOAD_METHOD`` for objects with lazy dictionaries. " +"Patch by Ken Jin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12549 +msgid "" +":gh:`92658`: Add support for connecting and binding to Hyper-V sockets on " +"Windows Hyper-V hosts and guests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12552 +msgid "" +":gh:`92236`: Remove spurious \"LINE\" event when starting a generator or " +"coroutine, visible tracing functions implemented in C." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12555 +msgid "" +":gh:`91102`: :meth:`!_warnings.warn_explicit` is ported to Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12557 +msgid "" +":gh:`92619`: Make the compiler duplicate an exit block only if none of its " +"instructions have a lineno (previously only the first instruction in the " +"block was checked, leading to unnecessarily duplicated blocks)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12561 +msgid "" +":gh:`88750`: The deprecated debug build only ``PYTHONTHREADDEBUG`` " +"environment variable no longer does anything." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12564 +msgid ":gh:`92261`: Fix hang when trying to iterate over a ``typing.Union``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12566 +msgid "" +":gh:`91432`: Specialized the :opcode:`FOR_ITER` opcode using the PEP 659 " +"machinery" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12569 +msgid "" +":gh:`91399`: Removed duplicate '{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}' entry in " +"'Objects/unicodetype_db.h'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12572 +msgid ":gh:`91578`: Updates the error message for abstract class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12574 +msgid "" +":issue:`47091`: Improve performance of repetition of :class:`list` and " +":class:`tuple` by using ``memcpy`` to copy data and performing the reference" +" increments in one step." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12578 +msgid "" +":issue:`46142`: Make ``--help`` output shorter by moving some info to the " +"new ``--help-env`` and ``--help-xoptions`` command-line options. Also add " +"``--help-all`` option to print complete usage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12582 +msgid "" +":issue:`42316`: Document some places where an assignment expression needs " +"parentheses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12588 +msgid "" +":gh:`89237`: Fix hang on Windows in ``subprocess.wait_closed()`` in " +":mod:`asyncio` with :class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop`. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12592 +msgid "" +":gh:`97928`: :meth:`tkinter.Text.count` raises now an exception for options " +"starting with \"-\" instead of silently ignoring them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12595 +msgid "" +":gh:`98393`: The :mod:`os` module no longer accepts bytes-like paths, like " +":class:`bytearray` and :class:`memoryview` types: only the exact " +":class:`bytes` type is accepted for bytes strings. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12600 +msgid "" +":gh:`98363`: Added itertools.batched() to batch data into lists of a given " +"length with the last list possibly being shorter than the others." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12603 +msgid "" +":gh:`98331`: Update the bundled copies of pip and setuptools to versions " +"22.3 and 65.5.0 respectively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12606 +msgid "" +":gh:`98307`: A :meth:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.createSocket` method " +"was added to :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12609 +msgid "" +":gh:`96035`: Fix bug in :func:`urllib.parse.urlparse` that causes certain " +"port numbers containing whitespace, underscores, plus and minus signs, or " +"non-ASCII digits to be incorrectly accepted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12613 +msgid "" +":gh:`98257`: Make :func:`sys.setprofile` and :func:`sys.settrace` functions " +"reentrant. They can no long fail with: ``RuntimeError(\"Cannot install a " +"trace function while another trace function is being installed\")``. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12618 +msgid "" +":gh:`98251`: Allow :mod:`venv` to pass along :envvar:`!PYTHON*` variables to" +" ``ensurepip`` and ``pip`` when they do not impact path resolution" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12621 +msgid "" +":gh:`94597`: Deprecated " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher` and " +":meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher` methods to be " +"removed in Python 3.14. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12626 +msgid "" +":gh:`98178`: On macOS, fix a crash in :func:`syslog.syslog` in multi-" +"threaded applications. On macOS, the libc ``syslog()`` function is not " +"thread-safe, so :func:`syslog.syslog` no longer releases the GIL to call it." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12631 +msgid "" +":gh:`44098`: Release the GIL when creating :class:`mmap.mmap` objects on " +"Unix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12634 +msgid "" +":gh:`87730`: Wrap network errors consistently in urllib FTP support, so the " +"test suite doesn't fail when a network is available but the public internet " +"is not reachable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12638 +msgid "" +":gh:`94597`: The child watcher classes " +":class:`~asyncio.MultiLoopChildWatcher`, :class:`~asyncio.FastChildWatcher` " +"and :class:`~asyncio.SafeChildWatcher` are deprecated and will be removed in" +" Python 3.14. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12643 +msgid "" +":gh:`98023`: Change default child watcher to " +":class:`~asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` on Linux systems which supports it. " +"Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12647 +msgid "" +":gh:`90985`: Earlier in 3.11 we deprecated " +"``asyncio.Task.cancel(\"message\")``. We realized we were too harsh, and " +"have undeprecated it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12651 +msgid "" +":gh:`65961`: Do not rely solely on ``__cached__`` on modules; code will also" +" support ``__spec__.cached``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12654 +msgid "" +":gh:`97646`: Replace deprecated ``application/javascript`` with " +"``text/javascript`` in :mod:`mimetypes`. See :rfc:`9239`. Patch by Noam " +"Cohen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12658 +msgid "" +":gh:`97930`: Apply changes from importlib_resources 5.8 and 5.9: " +"``Traversable.joinpath`` provides a concrete implementation. ``as_file`` now" +" supports directories of resources." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12662 +msgid "" +":gh:`97850`: Remove deprecated :func:`!importlib.util.set_loader` and " +":func:`!importlib.util.module_for_loader` from :mod:`importlib.util`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12665 +msgid ":gh:`97837`: Change deprecate warning message in :mod:`unittest` from" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12667 +msgid "``It is deprecated to return a value!=None``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12669 +msgid "to" +msgstr "to" + +#: ../NEWS:12671 +msgid "" +"``It is deprecated to return a value that is not None from a test case``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12673 +msgid "" +":gh:`97825`: Fixes :exc:`AttributeError` when " +":meth:`subprocess.check_output` is used with argument ``input=None`` and " +"either of the arguments *encoding* or *errors* are used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12677 +msgid "" +":gh:`97008`: :exc:`NameError` and :exc:`AttributeError` spelling suggestions" +" provided since :gh:`82711` are now also emitted by the pure Python " +":mod:`traceback` module. Tests for those suggestions now exercise both " +"implementations to ensure they are equivalent. Patch by Carl Friedrich Bolz-" +"Tereick and Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12683 +msgid "" +":gh:`97799`: :mod:`dataclass` now uses :func:`inspect.get_annotations` to " +"examine the annotations on class objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12686 +msgid "" +":gh:`97781`: Removed deprecated interfaces in ``importlib.metadata`` (entry " +"points accessed as dictionary, implicit dictionary construction of sequence " +"of ``EntryPoint`` objects, mutablility of ``EntryPoints`` result, access of " +"entry point by index). ``entry_points`` now has a simpler, more " +"straightforward API (returning ``EntryPoints``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12692 +msgid "" +":gh:`96827`: Avoid spurious tracebacks from :mod:`asyncio` when default " +"executor cleanup is delayed until after the event loop is closed (e.g. as " +"the result of a keyboard interrupt)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12696 +msgid ":gh:`95534`: :meth:`gzip.GzipFile.read` reads 10% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12698 +msgid "" +":gh:`97592`: Avoid a crash in the C version of " +":meth:`asyncio.Future.remove_done_callback` when an evil argument is passed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12702 +msgid ":gh:`97639`: Remove ``tokenize.NL`` check from :mod:`tabnanny`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12704 +msgid ":gh:`97545`: Make Semaphore run faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12706 +msgid "" +":gh:`73588`: Fix generation of the default name of " +":class:`tkinter.Checkbutton`. Previously, checkbuttons in different parent " +"widgets could have the same short name and share the same state if arguments" +" \"name\" and \"variable\" are not specified. Now they are globally unique." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12712 +msgid ":gh:`96865`: fix Flag to use boundary CONFORM" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12714 +msgid "" +"This restores previous Flag behavior of allowing flags with non-sequential " +"values to be combined; e.g." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12717 +msgid "class Skip(Flag): TWO = 2 EIGHT = 8" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12719 +msgid "Skip.TWO | Skip.EIGHT -> " +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12721 +msgid ":gh:`97005`: Update bundled libexpat to 2.4.9" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12723 +msgid "" +":gh:`85760`: Fix race condition in :mod:`asyncio` where " +":meth:`~asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.process_exited` called before the " +":meth:`~asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received` leading to " +"inconsistent output. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12728 +msgid "" +":gh:`96704`: Pass the correct ``contextvars.Context`` when a ``asyncio`` " +"exception handler is called on behalf of a task or callback handle. This " +"adds a new ``Task`` method, ``get_context``, and also a new ``Handle`` " +"method with the same name. If this method is not found on a task object " +"(perhaps because it is a third-party library that does not yet provide this " +"method), the context prevailing at the time the exception handler is called " +"is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12736 +msgid "" +":gh:`96819`: Fixed check in :mod:`multiprocessing.resource_tracker` that " +"guarantees that the length of a write to a pipe is not greater than " +"``PIPE_BUF``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12740 +msgid "" +":gh:`95865`: Reduce :func:`urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes` memory use on " +"large values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12743 +msgid "Contributed by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12745 +msgid "" +":gh:`96741`: Corrected type annotation for dataclass attribute " +"``pstats.FunctionProfile.ncalls`` to be ``str``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12748 +msgid ":gh:`96734`: Update :mod:`unicodedata` database to Unicode 15.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12750 +msgid ":gh:`96735`: Fix undefined behaviour in :func:`struct.unpack`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12752 +msgid "" +":gh:`46412`: Improve performance of ``bool(db)`` for large ndb/gdb " +"databases. Previously this would call ``len(db)`` which would iterate over " +"all keys -- the answer (empty or not) is known after the first key." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12756 +msgid "" +":gh:`96652`: Fix the faulthandler implementation of " +"``faulthandler.register(signal, chain=True)`` if the ``sigaction()`` " +"function is not available: don't call the previous signal handler if it's " +"NULL. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12761 +msgid "" +":gh:`68163`: Correct conversion of :class:`numbers.Rational`'s to " +":class:`float`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12764 +msgid "" +":gh:`96538`: Speed up ``bisect.bisect()`` functions by taking advantage of " +"type-stability." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12767 +msgid ":gh:`96465`: Fraction hashes are now cached." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12769 +msgid "" +":gh:`96079`: In :mod:`typing`, fix missing field ``name`` and incorrect " +"``__module__`` in _AnnotatedAlias." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12772 +msgid ":gh:`96415`: Remove ``types._cell_factory`` from module namespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12774 +msgid ":gh:`95987`: Fix ``repr`` of ``Any`` subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12776 +msgid "" +":gh:`96388`: Work around missing socket functions in " +":class:`~socket.socket`'s ``__repr__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12779 +msgid "" +":gh:`96385`: Fix ``TypeVarTuple.__typing_prepare_subst__``. ``TypeError`` " +"was not raised when using more than one ``TypeVarTuple``, like ``[*T, *V]`` " +"in type alias substitutions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12783 +msgid "" +":gh:`96142`: Add ``match_args``, ``kw_only``, ``slots``, and " +"``weakref_slot`` to ``_DataclassParams``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12786 +msgid "" +":gh:`96073`: In :mod:`inspect`, fix overeager replacement of \"``typing.``\"" +" in formatting annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12789 +msgid "" +":gh:`89258`: Added a :meth:`~logging.Logger.getChildren` method to " +":class:`logging.Logger`, to get the immediate child loggers of a logger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12792 +msgid ":gh:`96346`: Use double caching for compiled RE patterns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12794 +msgid "" +":gh:`96349`: Fixed a minor performance regression in " +":func:`threading.Event.__init__`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12797 +msgid "" +":gh:`90467`: Fix :class:`asyncio.streams.StreamReaderProtocol` to keep a " +"strong reference to the created task, so that it's not garbage collected" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12800 +msgid "" +":gh:`96172`: Fix a bug in ``unicodedata``: ``east_asian_width`` used to " +"return the wrong value for unassigned characters; and for yet unassigned, " +"but reserved characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12804 +msgid "" +":gh:`96159`: Fix a performance regression in logging " +"TimedRotatingFileHandler. Only check for special files when the rollover " +"time has passed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12808 +msgid "" +":gh:`96175`: Fix unused ``localName`` parameter in the ``Attr`` class in " +":mod:`xml.dom.minidom`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12811 +msgid ":gh:`96145`: Add AttrDict to JSON module for use with object_hook." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12813 +msgid "" +":gh:`96052`: Fix handling compiler warnings (SyntaxWarning and " +"DeprecationWarning) in :func:`codeop.compile_command` when checking for " +"incomplete input. Previously it emitted warnings and raised a SyntaxError. " +"Now it always returns ``None`` for incomplete input without emitting any " +"warnings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12819 +msgid "" +":gh:`96125`: Fix incorrect condition that causes ``sys.thread_info.name`` to" +" be wrong on pthread platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12822 +msgid "" +":gh:`96019`: Fix a bug in the ``makeunicodedata.py`` script leading to about" +" 13 KiB of space saving in the ``unicodedata`` module, specifically the " +"character decomposition data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12826 +msgid "" +":gh:`95463`: Remove an incompatible change from :issue:`28080` that caused a" +" regression that ignored the utf8 in ``ZipInfo.flag_bits``. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12830 +msgid "" +":gh:`69142`: Add ``%:z`` strftime format code (generates tzoffset with " +"colons as separator), see :ref:`strftime-strptime-behavior`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12833 +msgid "" +":gh:`95899`: Fix :class:`asyncio.Runner` to call " +":func:`asyncio.set_event_loop` only once to avoid calling " +":meth:`~asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher.attach_loop` multiple times on child " +"watchers. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12838 +msgid "" +":gh:`95736`: Fix :class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` to set event loop" +" before calling setup functions. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12841 +msgid "" +":gh:`95865`: Speed up :func:`urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes` by replacing a " +"list comprehension with ``map()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12844 +msgid "" +":gh:`95861`: Add support for computing Spearman's correlation coefficient to" +" the existing statistics.correlation() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12847 +msgid "" +":gh:`95804`: Fix ``logging`` shutdown handler so it respects " +"``MemoryHandler.flushOnClose``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12850 +msgid "" +":gh:`95704`: When a task catches :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` and raises " +"some other error, the other error should generally not silently be " +"suppressed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12854 +msgid "" +":gh:`95149`: The :class:`HTTPStatus ` enum offers a couple " +"of properties to indicate the HTTP status category e.g. " +"``HTTPStatus.OK.is_success``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12858 +msgid ":gh:`95609`: Update bundled pip to 22.2.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12860 +msgid "" +":gh:`95289`: Fix :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` to propagate exception when " +":exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` was replaced with another exception by a " +"context manager. Patch by Kumar Aditya and Guido van Rossum." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12864 +msgid "" +":gh:`94909`: Fix incorrect joining of relative Windows paths with drives in " +":class:`pathlib.PurePath` initializer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12867 +msgid "" +":gh:`95385`: Faster ``json.dumps()`` when sorting of keys is not requested " +"(default)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12870 +msgid "" +":gh:`83901`: Improve :meth:`Signature.bind ` error " +"message for missing keyword-only arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12873 +msgid ":gh:`95339`: Update bundled pip to 22.2.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12875 +msgid "" +":gh:`95045`: Fix GC crash when deallocating ``_lsprof.Profiler`` by " +"untracking it before calling any callbacks. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12878 +msgid "" +":gh:`95231`: Fail gracefully if :const:`~errno.EPERM` or " +":const:`~errno.ENOSYS` is raised when loading :mod:`!crypt` methods. This " +"may happen when trying to load ``MD5`` on a Linux kernel with :abbr:`FIPS " +"(Federal Information Processing Standard)` enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12883 +msgid "" +":gh:`95097`: Fix :func:`asyncio.run` for :class:`asyncio.Task` " +"implementations without :meth:`~asyncio.Task.uncancel` method. Patch by " +"Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12887 +msgid "" +":gh:`95087`: Fix IndexError in parsing invalid date in the :mod:`email` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12890 +msgid ":gh:`95199`: Upgrade bundled setuptools to 63.2.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12892 +msgid ":gh:`95194`: Upgrade bundled pip to 22.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12894 +msgid "" +":gh:`93899`: Fix check for existence of :const:`os.EFD_CLOEXEC`, " +":const:`os.EFD_NONBLOCK` and :const:`os.EFD_SEMAPHORE` flags on older kernel" +" versions where these flags are not present. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12898 +msgid "" +":gh:`95166`: Fix :meth:`concurrent.futures.Executor.map` to cancel the " +"currently waiting on future on an error - e.g. TimeoutError or " +"KeyboardInterrupt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12902 +msgid "" +":gh:`95132`: Fix a :mod:`sqlite3` regression where ``*args`` and ``**kwds`` " +"were incorrectly relayed from :py:func:`~sqlite3.connect` to the " +":class:`~sqlite3.Connection` factory. The regression was introduced in " +"3.11a1 with PR 24421 (:gh:`85128`). Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12907 +msgid "" +":gh:`93157`: Fix :mod:`fileinput` module didn't support ``errors`` option " +"when ``inplace`` is true." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12910 +msgid "" +":gh:`91212`: Fixed flickering of the turtle window when the tracer is turned" +" off. Patch by Shin-myoung-serp." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12913 +msgid "" +":gh:`95077`: Add deprecation warning for enum ``member.member`` access (e.g." +" ``Color.RED.BLUE``). Remove ``EnumMeta.__getattr__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12916 +msgid "" +":gh:`95109`: Ensure that timeouts scheduled with :class:`asyncio.Timeout` " +"that have already expired are delivered promptly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12919 +msgid "" +":gh:`95105`: :meth:`wsgiref.types.InputStream.__iter__` should return " +"``Iterator[bytes]``, not ``Iterable[bytes]``. Patch by Shantanu Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12922 +msgid "" +":gh:`95066`: Replaced assert with exception in :func:`ast.parse`, when " +"``feature_version`` has an invalid major version. Patch by Shantanu Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12925 +msgid "" +":gh:`77617`: Add :mod:`sqlite3` :ref:`command-line interface `." +" Patch by Erlend Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12928 +msgid "" +":gh:`95005`: Replace :c:expr:`_PyAccu` with :c:expr:`_PyUnicodeWriter` in " +"JSON encoder and StringIO and remove the :c:expr:`_PyAccu` implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12931 +msgid "" +":gh:`90085`: Remove ``-c/--clock`` and ``-t/--time`` CLI options of " +":mod:`timeit`. The options had been deprecated since Python 3.3 and the " +"functionality was removed in Python 3.7. Patch by Shantanu Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12935 +msgid "" +":gh:`94857`: Fix refleak in ``_io.TextIOWrapper.reconfigure``. Patch by " +"Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12938 +msgid "" +":gh:`94821`: Fix binding of unix socket to empty address on Linux to use an " +"available address from the abstract namespace, instead of \"\\0\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12941 +msgid "" +":gh:`94736`: Fix crash when deallocating an instance of a subclass of " +"``_multiprocessing.SemLock``. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12944 +msgid ":gh:`81620`: Add random.binomialvariate()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12946 +msgid "" +":gh:`74116`: Allow :meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.drain` to be awaited " +"concurrently by multiple tasks. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12949 +msgid "" +":gh:`87822`: When called with ``capture_locals=True``, the :mod:`traceback` " +"module functions swallow exceptions raised from calls to ``repr()`` on local" +" variables of frames. This is in order to prioritize the original exception " +"over rendering errors. An indication of the failure is printed in place of " +"the missing value. (Patch by Simon-Martin Schroeder)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12955 +msgid "" +":gh:`88050`: Fix :mod:`asyncio` subprocess transport to kill process cleanly" +" when process is blocked and avoid ``RuntimeError`` when loop is closed. " +"Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12959 +msgid "" +":gh:`94637`: :meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths` now releases the " +"GIL around ``SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths`` call. The function call " +"performs I/O and CPU intensive work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12963 +msgid "" +":gh:`94309`: Deprecate aliases :class:`typing.Hashable` and " +":class:`typing.Sized`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12966 +msgid "" +":gh:`92546`: An undocumented ``python -m pprint`` benchmark is moved into " +"``pprint`` suite of pyperformance. Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12969 +msgid "" +":gh:`94607`: Fix subclassing complex generics with type variables in " +":mod:`typing`. Previously an error message saying ``Some type variables ... " +"are not listed in Generic[...]`` was shown. :mod:`typing` no longer " +"populates ``__parameters__`` with the ``__parameters__`` of a Python class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12975 +msgid "" +":gh:`94619`: Remove the long-deprecated ``module_repr()`` from " +":mod:`importlib`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12978 +msgid "" +":gh:`93910`: The ability to access the other values of an enum on an enum " +"(e.g. ``Color.RED.BLUE``) has been restored in order to fix a performance " +"regression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12982 +msgid "" +":gh:`93896`: Fix :func:`asyncio.run` and " +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` to always the set event loop as it" +" was done in Python 3.10 and earlier. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12986 +msgid "" +":gh:`94343`: Allow setting the attributes of ``reprlib.Repr`` during object " +"initialization" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12989 +msgid "" +":gh:`94382`: Port static types of ``_multiprocessing`` module to heap types." +" Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12992 +msgid "" +":gh:`78724`: Fix crash in :class:`struct.Struct` when it was not completely " +"initialized by initializing it in :meth:`~object.__new__`. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:12996 +msgid "" +":gh:`94510`: Re-entrant calls to :func:`sys.setprofile` and " +":func:`sys.settrace` now raise :exc:`RuntimeError`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13000 +msgid "" +":gh:`92336`: Fix bug where :meth:`linecache.getline` fails on bad files with" +" :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` or :exc:`SyntaxError`. It now returns an empty " +"string as per the documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13004 +msgid "" +":gh:`94398`: Once a :class:`asyncio.TaskGroup` has started shutting down " +"(i.e., at least one task has failed and the task group has started " +"cancelling the remaining tasks), it should not be possible to add new tasks " +"to the task group." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13009 +msgid "" +":gh:`94383`: :mod:`xml.etree`: Remove the ``ElementTree.Element.copy()`` " +"method of the pure Python implementation, deprecated in Python 3.10, use the" +" :func:`copy.copy` function instead. The C implementation of " +":mod:`xml.etree` has no ``copy()`` method, only a ``__copy__()`` method. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13015 +msgid "" +":gh:`94379`: :mod:`zipimport`: Remove ``find_loader()`` and " +"``find_module()`` methods, deprecated in Python 3.10: use the " +"``find_spec()`` method instead. See :pep:`451` for the rationale. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13019 +msgid "" +":gh:`94352`: :func:`shlex.split`: Passing ``None`` for *s* argument now " +"raises an exception, rather than reading :data:`sys.stdin`. The feature was " +"deprecated in Python 3.9. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13023 +msgid ":gh:`94318`: Strip trailing spaces in :mod:`pydoc` text output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13025 +msgid "" +":gh:`89988`: Fix memory leak in :class:`pickle.Pickler` when looking up " +":attr:`dispatch_table`. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13028 +msgid "" +":gh:`90016`: Deprecate :mod:`sqlite3` :ref:`default adapters and converters " +"`. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13031 +msgid "" +":gh:`94254`: Fixed types of :mod:`struct` module to be immutable. Patch by " +"Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13034 +msgid "" +":gh:`93259`: Now raise ``ValueError`` when ``None`` or an empty string are " +"passed to ``Distribution.from_name`` (and other callers)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13037 +msgid "" +":gh:`74696`: :func:`shutil.make_archive` now passes the *root_dir* argument " +"to custom archivers which support it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13040 +msgid "" +":gh:`94216`: The :mod:`dis` module now has the opcodes for pseudo " +"instructions (those which are used by the compiler during code generation " +"but then removed or replaced by real opcodes before the final bytecode is " +"emitted)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13045 +msgid "" +":gh:`93096`: Removed undocumented ``python -m codecs``. Use ``python -m " +"unittest test.test_codecs.EncodedFileTest`` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13048 +msgid "" +":gh:`94207`: Made :class:`!_struct.Struct` GC-tracked in order to fix a " +"reference leak in the :mod:`!_struct` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13051 +msgid "" +":gh:`93096`: Removed undocumented ``-t`` argument of ``python -m base64``. " +"Use ``python -m unittest " +"test.test_base64.LegacyBase64TestCase.test_encodebytes`` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13055 +msgid "" +":gh:`94226`: Remove the :func:`locale.format` function, deprecated in Python" +" 3.7: use :func:`locale.format_string` instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13058 +msgid "" +":gh:`94199`: Remove the :func:`ssl.match_hostname` function. The " +":func:`ssl.match_hostname` was deprecated in Python 3.7. OpenSSL performs " +"hostname matching since Python 3.7, Python no longer uses the " +":func:`ssl.match_hostname` function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13063 +msgid "" +":gh:`94214`: Document the ``context`` object used in the ``venv.EnvBuilder``" +" class, and add the new environment's library path to it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13066 +msgid "" +":gh:`94199`: Remove the :func:`ssl.wrap_socket` function, deprecated in " +"Python 3.7: instead, create a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object and call its " +":class:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` method. Any package that still uses " +":func:`ssl.wrap_socket` is broken and insecure. The function neither sends a" +" SNI TLS extension nor validates server hostname. Code is subject to " +":cwe:`295` Improper Certificate Validation. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13073 +msgid "" +":gh:`94199`: Remove the :func:`ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes` function, deprecated " +"in Python 3.6: use :func:`os.urandom` or :func:`ssl.RAND_bytes` instead. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13077 +msgid "" +":gh:`94199`: :mod:`hashlib`: Remove the pure Python implementation of " +":func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac`, deprecated in Python 3.10. Python 3.10 and " +"newer requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 (:pep:`644`): this OpenSSL version provides a C" +" implementation of :func:`~hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` which is faster. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13083 +msgid "" +":gh:`94196`: :mod:`gzip`: Remove the ``filename`` attribute of " +":class:`gzip.GzipFile`, deprecated since Python 2.6, use the " +":attr:`~gzip.GzipFile.name` attribute instead. In write mode, the " +"``filename`` attribute added ``'.gz'`` file extension if it was not present." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13089 +msgid "" +":gh:`94182`: run the :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher` on the running loop," +" this allows event loops to run subprocesses when there is no default event " +"loop running on the main thread" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13093 +msgid "" +":gh:`94169`: Remove ``io.OpenWrapper`` and ``_pyio.OpenWrapper``, deprecated" +" in Python 3.10: just use :func:`open` instead. The :func:`open` " +"(:func:`io.open`) function is a built-in function. Since Python 3.10, " +":func:`!_pyio.open` is also a static method. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13098 +msgid "" +":gh:`91742`: Fix :mod:`pdb` crash after jump caused by a null pointer " +"dereference. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13101 +msgid "" +":gh:`94101`: Manual instantiation of :class:`ssl.SSLSession` objects is no " +"longer allowed as it lead to misconfigured instances that crashed the " +"interpreter when attributes where accessed on them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13105 +msgid "" +":gh:`84753`: :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`, " +":func:`inspect.isgeneratorfunction`, and :func:`inspect.isasyncgenfunction` " +"now properly return ``True`` for duck-typed function-like objects like " +"instances of :class:`unittest.mock.AsyncMock`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13111 +msgid "" +"This makes :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction` consistent with the behavior " +"of :func:`asyncio.iscoroutinefunction`. Patch by Mehdi ABAAKOUK." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13114 +msgid "" +":gh:`94028`: Fix a regression in the :mod:`sqlite3` where statement objects " +"were not properly cleared and reset after use in cursor iters. The " +"regression was introduced by PR 27884 in Python 3.11a1. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13119 +msgid "" +":gh:`93973`: Add keyword argument ``all_errors`` to " +"``asyncio.create_connection`` so that multiple connection errors can be " +"raised as an ``ExceptionGroup``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13123 +msgid "" +":gh:`93963`: Officially deprecate from ``importlib.abc`` classes moved to " +"``importlib.resources.abc``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13126 +msgid "" +":gh:`93858`: Prevent error when activating venv in nested fish instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13128 +msgid ":gh:`93820`: Pickle :class:`enum.Flag` by name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13130 +msgid ":gh:`93847`: Fix repr of enum of generic aliases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13132 +msgid "" +":gh:`91404`: Revert the :mod:`re` memory leak when a match is terminated by " +"a signal or memory allocation failure as the implemented fix caused a major " +"performance regression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13136 +msgid "" +":gh:`83499`: Fix double closing of file description in :mod:`tempfile`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13138 +msgid "" +":gh:`93820`: Fixed a regression when :func:`copy.copy`-ing " +":class:`enum.Flag` with multiple flag members." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13141 +msgid "" +":gh:`79512`: Fixed names and ``__module__`` value of :mod:`weakref` classes " +":class:`~weakref.ReferenceType`, :class:`~weakref.ProxyType`, " +":class:`~weakref.CallableProxyType`. It makes them pickleable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13145 +msgid "" +":gh:`91389`: Fix an issue where :mod:`dis` utilities could report missing or" +" incorrect position information in the presence of ``CACHE`` entries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13148 +msgid "" +":gh:`93626`: Set ``__future__.annotations`` to have a ``None`` " +"mandatoryRelease to indicate that it is currently 'TBD'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13151 +msgid "" +":gh:`90473`: Emscripten and WASI have no home directory and cannot provide " +":pep:`370` user site directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13154 +msgid "" +":gh:`90494`: :func:`copy.copy` and :func:`copy.deepcopy` now always raise a " +"TypeError if ``__reduce__()`` returns a tuple with length 6 instead of " +"silently ignore the 6th item or produce incorrect result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13158 +msgid "" +":gh:`90549`: Fix a multiprocessing bug where a global named resource (such " +"as a semaphore) could leak when a child process is spawned (as opposed to " +"forked)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13162 +msgid "" +":gh:`93521`: Fixed a case where dataclasses would try to add ``__weakref__``" +" into the ``__slots__`` for a dataclass that specified ``weakref_slot=True``" +" when it was already defined in one of its bases. This resulted in a " +"``TypeError`` upon the new class being created." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13167 +msgid "" +":gh:`79579`: :mod:`sqlite3` now correctly detects DML queries with leading " +"comments. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13170 +msgid "" +":gh:`93421`: Update :data:`sqlite3.Cursor.rowcount` when a DML statement has" +" run to completion. This fixes the row count for SQL queries like ``UPDATE " +"... RETURNING``. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13174 +msgid "" +":gh:`93475`: Expose ``FICLONE`` and ``FICLONERANGE`` constants in " +":mod:`fcntl`. Patch by Illia Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13177 +msgid "" +":gh:`93370`: Deprecate :data:`sqlite3.version` and " +":data:`sqlite3.version_info`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13180 +msgid "" +":gh:`91810`: Suppress writing an XML declaration in open files in " +"``ElementTree.write()`` with ``encoding='unicode'`` and " +"``xml_declaration=None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13184 +msgid "" +":gh:`91162`: Support splitting of unpacked arbitrary-length tuple over " +"``TypeVar`` and ``TypeVarTuple`` parameters. For example:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13187 +msgid "``A[T, *Ts][*tuple[int, ...]]`` -> ``A[int, *tuple[int, ...]]``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13188 +msgid "``A[*Ts, T][*tuple[int, ...]]`` -> ``A[*tuple[int, ...], int]``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13190 +msgid "" +":gh:`93353`: Fix the :func:`importlib.resources.as_file` context manager to " +"remove the temporary file if destroyed late during Python finalization: keep" +" a local reference to the :func:`os.remove` function. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13195 +msgid "" +":gh:`83658`: Make :class:`multiprocessing.Pool` raise an exception if " +"``maxtasksperchild`` is not ``None`` or a positive int." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13198 +msgid "" +":gh:`93312`: Add :const:`os.PIDFD_NONBLOCK` flag to open a file descriptor " +"for a process with :func:`os.pidfd_open` in non-blocking mode. Patch by " +"Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13202 +msgid "" +":gh:`88123`: Implement ``Enum.__contains__`` that returns ``True`` or " +"``False`` to replace the deprecated behaviour that would sometimes raise a " +":exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13206 +msgid "" +":gh:`93297`: Make asyncio task groups prevent child tasks from being GCed" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13208 +msgid "" +":gh:`85308`: Changed :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser` to use " +":term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` instead of default text " +"encoding to read arguments from file (e.g. ``fromfile_prefix_chars`` " +"option). This change affects Windows; argument file should be encoded with " +"UTF-8 instead of ANSI Codepage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13214 +msgid "" +":gh:`93156`: Accessing the :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.parents` sequence of an " +"absolute path using negative index values produced incorrect results." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13217 +msgid "" +":gh:`93162`: Add the ability for :func:`logging.config.dictConfig` to " +"usefully configure :class:`~logging.handlers.QueueHandler` and " +":class:`~logging.handlers.QueueListener` as a pair, and add " +":func:`logging.getHandlerByName` and :func:`logging.getHandlerNames` APIs to" +" allow access to handlers by name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13223 +msgid "" +":gh:`93243`: The :mod:`!smtpd` module was removed per the schedule in " +":pep:`594`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13226 +msgid "" +":gh:`92886`: Replace ``assert`` statements with ``raise AssertionError()`` " +"in :class:`~wsgiref.BaseHandler` so that the tested behaviour is maintained " +"running with optimizations ``(-O)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13230 +msgid "" +":gh:`90155`: Fix broken :class:`asyncio.Semaphore` when acquire is " +"cancelled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13232 +msgid "" +":gh:`90817`: The :func:`locale.resetlocale` function is deprecated and will " +"be removed in Python 3.13. Use ``locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, \"\")`` " +"instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13236 +msgid "" +":gh:`91513`: Added ``taskName`` attribute to :mod:`logging` module for use " +"with :mod:`asyncio` tasks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13239 +msgid "" +":gh:`74696`: :func:`shutil.make_archive` no longer temporarily changes the " +"current working directory during creation of standard ``.zip`` or tar " +"archives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13243 +msgid "" +":gh:`92728`: The :func:`re.template` function and the corresponding " +":const:`re.TEMPLATE` and :const:`re.T` flags are restored after they were " +"removed in 3.11.0b1, but they are now deprecated, so they might be removed " +"from Python 3.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13248 +msgid "" +":gh:`93033`: Search in some strings (platform dependent i.e [U+0xFFFF, " +"U+0x0100] on Windows or [U+0xFFFFFFFF, U+0x00010000] on Linux 64-bit) are " +"now up to 10 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13252 +msgid "" +":gh:`89973`: Fix :exc:`re.error` raised in :mod:`fnmatch` if the pattern " +"contains a character range with upper bound lower than lower bound (e.g. " +"``[c-a]``). Now such ranges are interpreted as empty ranges." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13256 +msgid "" +":gh:`93044`: No longer convert the database argument of " +":func:`sqlite3.connect` to bytes before passing it to the factory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13259 +msgid "" +":gh:`93010`: In a very special case, the email package tried to append the " +"nonexistent ``InvalidHeaderError`` to the defect list. It should have been " +"``InvalidHeaderDefect``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13263 +msgid "" +":gh:`92986`: Fix :func:`ast.unparse` when ``ImportFrom.level`` is ``None``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13265 +msgid "" +":gh:`92932`: Now :func:`~dis.dis` and :func:`~dis.get_instructions` handle " +"operand values for instructions prefixed by ``EXTENDED_ARG_QUICK``. Patch by" +" Sam Gross and Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13269 +msgid "" +":gh:`92675`: Fix :func:`venv.ensure_directories` to accept " +":class:`pathlib.Path` arguments in addition to :class:`str` paths. Patch by " +"David Foster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13273 +msgid "" +":gh:`87901`: Removed the ``encoding`` argument from :func:`os.popen` that " +"was added in 3.11b1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13276 +msgid "" +":gh:`91922`: Fix function :func:`sqlite.connect` and the " +":class:`sqlite.Connection` constructor on non-UTF-8 locales. Also, they now " +"support bytes paths non-decodable with the current FS encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13280 +msgid "" +":gh:`92869`: Added :class:`~ctypes.c_time_t` to :mod:`ctypes`, which has the" +" same size as the :c:type:`time_t` type in C." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13283 +msgid "" +":gh:`92839`: Fixed crash resulting from calling bisect.insort() or " +"bisect.insort_left() with the key argument not equal to ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13286 +msgid "" +":gh:`90473`: :mod:`subprocess` now fails early on Emscripten and WASI " +"platforms to work around missing :func:`os.pipe` on WASI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13289 +msgid "" +":gh:`89325`: Removed many old deprecated :mod:`unittest` features: " +":class:`~unittest.TestCase` method aliases, undocumented and broken " +":class:`~unittest.TestCase` method ``assertDictContainsSubset``, " +"undocumented :meth:`TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule " +"` parameter *use_load_tests*, and " +"an underscored alias of the :class:`~unittest.TextTestResult` class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13296 +msgid "" +":gh:`92734`: Allow multi-element reprs emitted by :mod:`reprlib` to be " +"pretty-printed using configurable indentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13299 +msgid "" +":gh:`92671`: Fixed :func:`ast.unparse` for empty tuples in the assignment " +"target context." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13302 +msgid "" +":gh:`91581`: :meth:`~datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp` no longer attempts " +"to resolve ``fold`` in the pure Python implementation, since the fold is " +"never 1 in UTC. In addition to being slightly faster in the common case, " +"this also prevents some errors when the timestamp is close to " +":attr:`datetime.min `. Patch by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13308 +msgid "" +":gh:`86388`: Removed randrange() functionality deprecated since Python 3.10." +" Formerly, randrange(10.0) losslessly converted to randrange(10). Now, it " +"raises a TypeError. Also, the exception raised for non-integral values such " +"as randrange(10.5) or randrange('10') has been changed from ValueError to " +"TypeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13314 +msgid "" +":gh:`90385`: Add :meth:`pathlib.Path.walk` as an alternative to " +":func:`os.walk`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13317 +msgid ":gh:`92550`: Fix :meth:`pathlib.Path.rglob` for empty pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13319 +msgid "" +":gh:`92591`: Allow :mod:`logging` filters to return a " +":class:`logging.LogRecord` instance so that filters attached to " +":class:`logging.Handler`\\ s can enrich records without side effects on " +"other handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13324 +msgid "" +":gh:`92445`: Fix a bug in :mod:`argparse` where ``nargs=\"*\"`` would raise " +"an error instead of returning an empty list when 0 arguments were supplied " +"if choice was also defined in ``parser.add_argument``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13328 +msgid "" +":gh:`92547`: Remove undocumented :mod:`sqlite3` features deprecated in " +"Python 3.10:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13331 +msgid "``sqlite3.enable_shared_cache()``" +msgstr "``sqlite3.enable_shared_cache()``" + +#: ../NEWS:13332 +msgid "``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode``" +msgstr "``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode``" + +#: ../NEWS:13336 +msgid "" +":gh:`92530`: Fix an issue that occurred after interrupting " +":func:`threading.Condition.notify`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13339 +msgid "" +":gh:`92531`: The statistics.median_grouped() function now always return a " +"float. Formerly, it did not convert the input type when for sequences of " +"length one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13343 +msgid "" +":gh:`84131`: The :class:`pathlib.Path` deprecated method ``link_to`` has " +"been removed. Use 3.10's :meth:`~pathlib.Path.hardlink_to` method instead as" +" its semantics are consistent with that of :meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13348 +msgid "" +":gh:`89336`: Removed :mod:`configparser` module APIs: the " +"``SafeConfigParser`` class alias, the ``ParsingError.filename`` property and" +" parameter, and the ``ConfigParser.readfp`` method, all of which were " +"deprecated since Python 3.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13353 +msgid "" +":gh:`92391`: Add :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` to " +":class:`csv.DictReader` and :class:`csv.DictWriter`, allowing them to be " +"parameterized at runtime. Patch by Marc Mueller." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13357 +msgid "" +":gh:`91968`: Add ``SO_RTABLE`` and ``SO_USER_COOKIE`` constants to " +":mod:`socket`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13360 +msgid "" +":gh:`91810`: :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree` method " +":meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree.write` and function " +":func:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring` now use the text file's encoding " +"(\"UTF-8\" if not available) instead of locale encoding in XML declaration " +"when ``encoding=\"unicode\"`` is specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13366 +msgid "" +":gh:`81790`: :func:`os.path.splitdrive` now understands DOS device paths " +"with UNC links (beginning ``\\\\?\\UNC\\``). Contributed by Barney Gale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13369 +msgid "" +":gh:`91760`: Apply more strict rules for numerical group references and " +"group names in regular expressions. Only sequence of ASCII digits is now " +"accepted as a numerical reference. The group name in bytes patterns and " +"replacement strings can now only contain ASCII letters and digits and " +"underscore." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13375 +msgid "" +":gh:`90622`: Worker processes for " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` are no longer spawned on " +"demand (a feature added in 3.9) when the multiprocessing context start " +"method is ``\"fork\"`` as that can lead to deadlocks in the child processes " +"due to a fork happening while threads are running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13381 +msgid "" +":gh:`91577`: Move imports in :class:`~multiprocessing.SharedMemory` methods " +"to module level so that they can be executed late in python finalization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13384 +msgid "" +":gh:`91581`: Remove an unhandled error case in the C implementation of calls" +" to :meth:`datetime.fromtimestamp ` with no" +" time zone (i.e. getting a local time from an epoch timestamp). This should " +"have no user-facing effect other than giving a possibly more accurate error " +"message when called with timestamps that fall on 10000-01-01 in the local " +"time. Patch by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13391 +msgid "" +":gh:`91539`: Improve performance of " +"``urllib.request.getproxies_environment`` when there are many environment " +"variables" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13394 +msgid "" +":gh:`91524`: Speed up the regular expression substitution (functions " +":func:`re.sub` and :func:`re.subn` and corresponding :class:`re.Pattern` " +"methods) for replacement strings containing group references by 2--3 times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13399 +msgid "" +":gh:`91447`: Fix findtext in the xml module to only give an empty string " +"when the text attribute is set to ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13402 +msgid "" +":gh:`91456`: Deprecate current default auto() behavior: In 3.13 the default" +" will be for for auto() to always return the largest member value " +"incremented by 1, and to raise if incompatible value types are used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13406 +msgid "" +":issue:`47231`: Fixed an issue with inconsistent trailing slashes in tarfile" +" longname directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13409 +msgid "" +":issue:`39064`: :class:`zipfile.ZipFile` now raises " +":exc:`zipfile.BadZipFile` instead of ``ValueError`` when reading a corrupt " +"zip file in which the central directory offset is negative." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13413 +msgid "" +":issue:`41287`: Fix handling of the ``doc`` argument in subclasses of " +":func:`property`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13416 +msgid "" +":gh:`90005`: :mod:`ctypes` dependency ``libffi`` is now detected with ``pkg-" +"config``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13419 +msgid "" +":issue:`32547`: The constructors for :class:`~csv.DictWriter` and " +":class:`~csv.DictReader` now coerce the ``fieldnames`` argument to a " +":class:`list` if it is an iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13423 +msgid "" +":issue:`35540`: Fix :func:`dataclasses.asdict` crash when " +":class:`collections.defaultdict` is present in the attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13426 +msgid "" +":issue:`47063`: Add an index_pages parameter to support using non-default " +"index page names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13429 +msgid ":issue:`47025`: Drop support for :class:`bytes` on :data:`sys.path`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13431 +msgid "" +":issue:`46951`: Order the contents of zipapp archives, to make builds more " +"reproducible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13434 +msgid "" +":issue:`42777`: Implement :meth:`pathlib.Path.is_mount` for Windows paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13436 +msgid "" +":issue:`46755`: In :class:`QueueHandler`, clear ``stack_info`` from " +":class:`LogRecord` to prevent stack trace from being written twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13439 +msgid "" +":issue:`45393`: Fix the formatting for ``await x`` and ``not x`` in the " +"operator precedence table when using the :func:`help` system." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13442 +msgid "" +":issue:`46642`: Improve error message when trying to subclass an instance of" +" :data:`typing.TypeVar`, :data:`typing.ParamSpec`, " +":data:`typing.TypeVarTuple`, etc. Based on patch by Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13446 +msgid "" +":issue:`46364`: Restrict use of sockets instead of pipes for stdin of " +"subprocesses created by :mod:`asyncio` to AIX platform only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13449 +msgid "" +":issue:`28249`: Set :attr:`doctest.DocTest.lineno` to ``None`` when an " +"object does not have :attr:`~definition.__doc__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13452 +msgid "" +":issue:`46197`: Fix :mod:`ensurepip` environment isolation for subprocess " +"running ``pip``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13455 +msgid "" +":issue:`45924`: Fix :mod:`asyncio` incorrect traceback when future's " +"exception is raised multiple times. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13458 +msgid "" +":issue:`45046`: Add support of context managers in :mod:`unittest`: methods " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.enterContext` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.enterClassContext` of class " +":class:`~unittest.TestCase`, method " +":meth:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase.enterAsyncContext` of class " +":class:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` and function " +":func:`unittest.enterModuleContext`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13466 +msgid "" +":issue:`44173`: Enable fast seeking of uncompressed unencrypted " +":class:`zipfile.ZipExtFile`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13469 +msgid "" +":issue:`42627`: Fix incorrect parsing of Windows registry proxy settings" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13471 +msgid "" +":issue:`42047`: Add :func:`threading.get_native_id` support for DragonFly " +"BSD. Patch by David Carlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13474 +msgid "" +":issue:`14243`: The :class:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` function has a new " +"optional parameter *delete_on_close*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13477 +msgid "" +":issue:`41246`: Give the same callback function for when the overlapped " +"operation is done to the functions ``recv``, ``recv_into``, ``recvfrom``, " +"``sendto``, ``send`` and ``sendfile`` inside ``IocpProactor``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13481 +msgid "" +":issue:`39264`: Fixed :meth:`collections.UserDict.get` to not call " +":meth:`__missing__` when a value is not found. This matches the behavior of " +":class:`dict`. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13485 +msgid "" +":issue:`38693`: :mod:`importlib` now uses f-strings internally instead of " +"``str.format``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13488 +msgid "" +":issue:`38267`: Add *timeout* parameter to " +":meth:`asyncio.loop.shutdown_default_executor`. The default value is " +"``None``, which means the executor will be given an unlimited amount of " +"time. When called from :class:`asyncio.Runner` or :func:`asyncio.run`, the " +"default timeout is 5 minutes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13494 +msgid "" +":issue:`34828`: :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.iterdump` now handles databases " +"that use ``AUTOINCREMENT`` in one or more tables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13497 +msgid "" +":issue:`32990`: Support reading wave files with the " +"``WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE`` format in the :mod:`wave` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13500 +msgid "" +":issue:`26253`: Allow adjustable compression level for tarfile streams in " +":func:`tarfile.open`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13506 +msgid ":gh:`85525`: Remove extra row" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13508 +msgid "" +":gh:`86404`: Deprecated tools ``make suspicious`` and ``rstlint.py`` are now" +" removed. They have been replaced by :pypi:`sphinx-lint`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13511 +msgid "" +":gh:`97741`: Fix ``!`` in c domain ref target syntax via a ``conf.py`` " +"patch, so it works as intended to disable ref target resolution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13514 +msgid "" +":gh:`96432`: Fraction literals now support whitespace around the forward " +"slash, ``Fraction('2 / 3')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13517 +msgid "" +":gh:`96098`: Improve discoverability of the higher level concurrent.futures " +"module by providing clearer links from the lower level threading and " +"multiprocessing modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13521 +msgid "" +":gh:`95957`: What's New 3.11 now has instructions for how to provide " +"compiler and linker flags for Tcl/Tk and OpenSSL on RHEL 7 and CentOS 7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13524 +msgid "" +":gh:`95588`: Clarified the conflicting advice given in the :mod:`ast` " +"documentation about :func:`ast.literal_eval` being \"safe\" for use on " +"untrusted input while at the same time warning that it can crash the " +"process. The latter statement is true and is deemed unfixable without a " +"large amount of work unsuitable for a bugfix. So we keep the warning and no " +"longer claim that ``literal_eval`` is safe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13531 +msgid "" +":gh:`91207`: Fix stylesheet not working in Windows CHM htmlhelp docs and add" +" warning that they are deprecated. Contributed by C.A.M. Gerlach." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13534 +msgid "" +":gh:`95454`: Replaced incorrectly written true/false values in " +"documentation. Patch by Robert O'Shea" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13537 +msgid "" +":gh:`95451`: Update library documentation with :ref:`availability " +"information ` on WebAssembly platforms " +"``wasm32-emscripten`` and ``wasm32-wasi``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13541 +msgid "" +":gh:`95415`: Use consistent syntax for platform availability. The directive " +"now supports a content body and emits a warning when it encounters an " +"unknown platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13545 +msgid "" +":gh:`94321`: Document the :pep:`246` style protocol type " +":class:`sqlite3.PrepareProtocol`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13548 +msgid "" +":gh:`86128`: Document a limitation in ThreadPoolExecutor where its exit " +"handler is executed before any handlers in atexit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13551 +msgid "" +":gh:`61162`: Clarify :mod:`sqlite3` behavior when :ref:`sqlite3-connection-" +"context-manager`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13554 +msgid "" +":gh:`87260`: Align :mod:`sqlite3` argument specs with the actual " +"implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13557 +msgid "" +":gh:`86986`: The minimum Sphinx version required to build the documentation " +"is now 3.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13560 +msgid "" +":gh:`88831`: Augmented documentation of asyncio.create_task(). Clarified the" +" need to keep strong references to tasks and added a code snippet detailing " +"how to do this." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13564 +msgid "" +":gh:`86438`: Clarify that :option:`-W` and :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` are " +"matched literally and case-insensitively, rather than as regular " +"expressions, in :mod:`warnings`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13568 +msgid "" +":gh:`93031`: Update tutorial introduction output to use 3.10+ SyntaxError " +"invalid range." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13571 +msgid "" +":gh:`92240`: Added release dates for \"What's New in Python 3.X\" for 3.0, " +"3.1, 3.2, 3.8 and 3.10" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13574 +msgid "" +":issue:`47161`: Document that :class:`pathlib.PurePath` does not collapse " +"initial double slashes because they denote UNC paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13577 +msgid "" +":issue:`40838`: Document that :func:`inspect.getdoc`, " +":func:`inspect.getmodule`, and :func:`inspect.getsourcefile` might return " +"``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13581 +msgid "" +":issue:`43689`: The ``Differ`` documentation now also mentions other " +"whitespace characters, which make it harder to understand the diff output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13584 +msgid "" +":issue:`38056`: Overhaul the :ref:`error-handlers` documentation in " +":mod:`codecs`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13587 +msgid ":issue:`13553`: Document tkinter.Tk args." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13592 +msgid "" +":gh:`95027`: On Windows, when the Python test suite is run with the ``-jN`` " +"option, the ANSI code page is now used as the encoding for the stdout " +"temporary file, rather than using UTF-8 which can lead to decoding errors. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13597 +msgid "" +":gh:`96624`: Fixed the failure of repeated runs of ``test.test_unittest`` " +"caused by side effects in ``test_dotted_but_module_not_loaded``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13600 +msgid "" +":gh:`95243`: Mitigate the inherent race condition from using " +"find_unused_port() in testSockName() by trying to find an unused port a few " +"times before failing. Patch by Ross Burton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13604 +msgid "" +":gh:`95573`: :source:`Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_ssl.py` exposed a bug in " +"the macOS kernel where intense concurrent load on non-blocking sockets " +"occasionally causes :const:`errno.ENOBUFS` (\"No buffer space available\") " +"to be emitted. FB11063974 filed with Apple, in the mean time as a workaround" +" buffer size used in tests on macOS is decreased to avoid intermittent " +"failures. Patch by Fantix King." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13611 +msgid "" +":gh:`95280`: Fix problem with ``test_ssl`` ``test_get_ciphers`` on systems " +"that require perfect forward secrecy (PFS) ciphers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13614 +msgid "" +":gh:`95212`: Make multiprocessing test case ``test_shared_memory_recreate`` " +"parallel-safe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13617 +msgid "" +":gh:`95218`: Move tests for importlib.resources into " +"test_importlib.resources." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13620 +msgid "" +":gh:`93963`: Updated tests to use preferred location for " +"``importlib.resources`` ABCs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13623 +msgid "" +":gh:`94675`: Add a regression test for :mod:`re` exponentional slowdown when" +" using rjsmin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13626 +msgid "" +":gh:`91330`: Added more tests for :mod:`dataclasses` to cover behavior with " +"data descriptor-based fields." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13629 +msgid "" +":gh:`94208`: ``test_ssl`` is now checking for supported TLS version and " +"protocols in more tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13632 +msgid "" +":gh:`94315`: Tests now check for DAC override capability instead of relying " +"on :func:`os.geteuid`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13635 +msgid "" +":gh:`54781`: Rename test_tk to test_tkinter, and rename test_ttk_guionly to " +"test_ttk. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13638 +msgid "" +":gh:`93839`: Move ``Lib/ctypes/test/`` to ``Lib/test/test_ctypes/``. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13641 +msgid "" +":gh:`93951`: In test_bdb.StateTestCase.test_skip, avoid including auxiliary " +"importers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13644 +msgid "" +":gh:`93957`: Provide nicer error reporting from subprocesses in " +"test_venv.EnsurePipTest.test_with_pip." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13647 +msgid "" +":gh:`93884`: Add test cases for :c:func:`PyNumber_ToBase` that take a large " +"number or a non-int object as parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13650 +msgid "" +":gh:`93852`: test_asyncio, test_logging, test_socket and test_socketserver " +"now create AF_UNIX domains in the current directory to no longer fail with " +"``OSError(\"AF_UNIX path too long\")`` if the temporary directory (the " +":envvar:`TMPDIR` environment variable) is too long. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13656 +msgid "" +":gh:`93353`: regrtest now checks if a test leaks temporary files or " +"directories if run with -jN option. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13659 +msgid "" +":gh:`84461`: ``run_tests.py`` now handles cross compiling env vars correctly" +" and pass ``HOSTRUNNER`` to regression tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13662 +msgid "" +":gh:`93616`: ``test_modulefinder`` now creates a temporary directory in " +"``ModuleFinderTest.setUp()`` instead of module scope." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13665 +msgid "" +":gh:`93575`: Fix issue with test_unicode test_raiseMemError. The test case " +"now use ``test.support.calcobjsize`` to calculate size of PyUnicode structs." +" :func:`sys.getsizeof` may return different size when string has UTF-8 " +"memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13670 +msgid "" +":gh:`90473`: WASI does not have a ``chmod(2)`` syscall. :func:`os.chmod` is " +"now a dummy function on WASI. Skip all tests that depend on working " +":func:`os.chmod`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13674 +msgid "" +":gh:`90473`: Skip tests on WASI that require symlinks with absolute paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13676 +msgid "" +":gh:`57539`: Increase calendar test coverage for " +":meth:`calendar.LocaleTextCalendar.formatweekday`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13679 +msgid "" +":gh:`90473`: Skip symlink tests on WASI. wasmtime uses ``openat2(2)`` with " +"``RESOLVE_BENEATH`` flag, which prevents symlinks with absolute paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13682 +msgid "" +":gh:`89858`: Fix ``test_embed`` for out-of-tree builds. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13685 +msgid "" +":gh:`92886`: Fixing tests that fail when running with optimizations (``-O``)" +" in ``test_imaplib.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13688 +msgid "" +":gh:`92886`: Fixing tests that fail when running with optimizations (``-O``)" +" in ``test_zipimport.py``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13691 +msgid "" +":gh:`92886`: Fixing tests that fail when running with optimizations (``-O``)" +" in ``test_py_compile.py``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13694 +msgid "" +":gh:`92886`: Fixing tests that fail when running with optimizations (``-O``)" +" in ``test_sys_settrace.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13697 +msgid "" +":gh:`92886`: Fixing tests that fail when running with optimizations (``-O``)" +" in ``_test_multiprocessing.py``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13700 +msgid "" +":gh:`92670`: Skip ``test_shutil.TestCopy.test_copyfile_nonexistent_dir`` " +"test on AIX as the test uses a trailing slash to force the OS consider the " +"path as a directory, but on AIX the trailing slash has no effect and is " +"considered as a file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13705 +msgid "" +":gh:`92514`: Remove unused ``test.support.BasicTestRunner``. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13708 +msgid "" +":issue:`47016`: Create a GitHub Actions workflow for verifying bundled pip " +"and setuptools. Patch by Illia Volochii and Adam Turner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13714 +msgid "" +":gh:`96761`: Fix the build process of clang compiler for " +":program:`_bootstrap_python` if LTO optimization is applied. Patch by " +"Matthias Görgens and Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13718 +msgid "" +":gh:`96883`: ``wasm32-emscripten`` builds for browsers now include " +":mod:`concurrent.futures` for :mod:`asyncio` and :mod:`unittest.mock`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13721 +msgid "" +":gh:`85936`: CPython now uses the ThinLTO option as the default policy if " +"the Clang compiler accepts the flag. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13724 +msgid "" +":gh:`96729`: Ensure that Windows releases built with " +"``Tools\\msi\\buildrelease.bat`` are upgradable to and from official Python " +"releases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13728 +msgid "" +":gh:`96269`: Shared module targets now depend on new ``MODULE_DEPS`` " +"variable, which includes ``EXPORTSYMS``. This fixes a build order issue on " +"unsupported AIX platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13732 +msgid "" +":gh:`84461`: ``wasm32-emscripten`` platform no longer builds :mod:`resource`" +" module, :func:`~os.getresuid`, :func:`~os.getresgid`, and their setters. " +"The APIs are stubs and not functional." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13736 +msgid "" +":gh:`95973`: Add a new ``--with-dsymutil`` configure option to link debug " +"information in macOS. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13739 +msgid "" +":gh:`90536`: Use the BOLT post-link optimizer to improve performance, " +"particularly on medium-to-large applications." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13742 +msgid "" +":gh:`93744`: Remove the ``configure --with-cxx-main`` build option: it " +"didn't work for many years. Remove the ``MAINCC`` variable from " +"``configure`` and ``Makefile``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13746 +msgid "" +":gh:`94801`: Fix a regression in ``configure`` script that caused some " +"header checks to ignore custom ``CPPFLAGS``. The regression was introduced " +"in :gh:`94802`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13750 +msgid "" +":gh:`95145`: wasm32-wasi builds no longer depend on WASIX's pthread stubs. " +"Python now has its own stubbed pthread API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13753 +msgid "" +":gh:`95174`: Python now detects missing ``dup`` function in WASI and works " +"around some missing :mod:`errno`, :mod:`select`, and :mod:`socket` " +"constants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13757 +msgid "" +":gh:`95174`: Python now skips missing :mod:`socket` functions and methods on" +" WASI. WASI can only create sockets from existing fd / accept and has no " +"netdb." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13761 +msgid "" +":gh:`95085`: Platforms ``wasm32-unknown-emscripten`` and ``wasm32-unknown-" +"wasi`` have been promoted to :pep:`11` tier 3 platform support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13765 +msgid "" +":gh:`94847`: Fixed ``_decimal`` module build issue on GCC when compiling " +"with LTO and pydebug. Debug builds no longer force inlining of functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13768 +msgid "" +":gh:`94841`: Fix the possible performance regression of " +":c:func:`PyObject_Free` compiled with MSVC version 1932." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13771 +msgid "" +":gh:`94801`: ``configure`` now uses custom flags like ``ZLIB_CFLAGS`` and " +"``ZLIB_LIBS`` when searching for headers and libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13774 +msgid "" +":gh:`94773`: ``deepfreeze.py`` now supports code object with frozensets that" +" contain incompatible, unsortable types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13777 +msgid ":gh:`94682`: Build and test with OpenSSL 1.1.1q" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13779 +msgid "" +":gh:`90005`: Dependencies of :mod:`readline` and :mod:`curses` module are " +"now detected in ``configure`` script with ``pkg-config``. Only ``ncurses`` /" +" ``ncursesw`` are detected automatically. The old ``curses`` library is not " +"configured automatically. Workaround for missing ``termcap`` or ``tinfo`` " +"library has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13785 +msgid "" +":gh:`90005`: Fix building ``_ctypes`` extension without ``pkg-config``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13787 +msgid "" +":gh:`90005`: ``_dbm`` module dependencies are now detected by configure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13789 +msgid "" +":gh:`94404`: ``makesetup`` now works around an issue with sed on macOS and " +"uses correct CFLAGS for object files that end up in a shared extension. " +"Module CFLAGS are used before PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS to avoid clashes with " +"system headers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13794 +msgid "" +":gh:`93939`: C extension modules are now built by ``configure`` and ``make``" +" instead of ``distutils`` and ``setup.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13797 +msgid "" +":gh:`93939`: The ``2to3``, ``idle``, and ``pydoc`` scripts are now generated" +" and installed by ``Makefile`` instead of ``setup.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13800 +msgid "" +":gh:`94280`: Updated pegen regeneration script on Windows to find and use " +"Python 3.9 or higher. Prior to this, pegen regeneration already required " +"3.9 or higher, but the script may have used lower versions of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13804 +msgid "" +":gh:`93584`: Address race condition in ``Makefile`` when installing a PGO " +"build. All ``test`` and ``install`` targets now depend on ``all`` target." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13807 +msgid "" +":gh:`93491`: ``configure`` now detects and reports :pep:`11` support tiers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13809 +msgid "" +":gh:`69093`: Fix ``Modules/Setup.stdlib.in`` rule for ``_sqlite3`` " +"extension." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13811 +msgid "" +":gh:`93207`: ``va_start()`` with two parameters, like ``va_start(args, " +"format),`` is now required to build Python. ``va_start()`` is no longer " +"called with a single parameter. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13815 +msgid "" +":gh:`93202`: Python now always use the ``%zu`` and ``%zd`` printf formats to" +" format a :c:type:`size_t` or ``Py_ssize_t`` number. Building Python 3.12 " +"requires a C11 compiler, so these printf formats are now always supported. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13820 +msgid "" +":gh:`90473`: Disable pymalloc and increase stack size on ``wasm32-wasi``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13822 +msgid "" +":issue:`34449`: Drop invalid compiler switch ``-fPIC`` for HP aCC on HP-UX. " +"Patch by Michael Osipov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13828 +msgid "" +":gh:`98360`: Fixes :mod:`multiprocessing` spawning child processes on " +"Windows from a virtual environment to ensure that child processes that also " +"use :mod:`multiprocessing` to spawn more children will recognize that they " +"are in a virtual environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13833 +msgid "" +":gh:`98414`: Fix :file:`py.exe` launcher handling of :samp:`-V:{}/`" +" option when default preferences have been set in environment variables or " +"configuration files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13837 +msgid "" +":gh:`97728`: Fix possible crashes caused by the use of uninitialized " +"variables when pass invalid arguments in :func:`os.system` on Windows and in" +" Windows-specific modules (like ``winreg``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13841 +msgid "" +":gh:`90989`: Made :ref:`launcher` install per-user by default (unless an all" +" users install already exists), and clarify some text in the installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13844 +msgid ":gh:`97649`: The ``Tools`` directory is no longer installed on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13846 +msgid ":gh:`96965`: Update libffi to 3.4.3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13848 +msgid ":gh:`96577`: Fixes a potential buffer overrun in :mod:`!msilib`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13850 +msgid "" +":gh:`96559`: Fixes the Windows launcher not using the compatible " +"interpretation of default tags found in configuration files when no tag was " +"passed to the command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13854 +msgid "" +":gh:`94781`: Fix :file:`pcbuild.proj` to clean previous instances of output " +"files in ``Python\\deepfreeze`` and ``Python\\frozen_modules`` directories " +"on Windows. Patch by Charlie Zhao." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13858 +msgid "" +":gh:`89545`: Updates :mod:`platform` code getting the Windows version to use" +" native Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) queries to determine OS " +"version, type, and architecture." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13862 +msgid "" +":gh:`95733`: Make certain requirements of the Windows Store package optional" +" to allow installing on earlier updates of Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13865 +msgid "" +":gh:`95656`: Enable the :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` " +":mod:`sqlite3` API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13868 +msgid "" +":gh:`95587`: Fixes some issues where the Windows installer would incorrectly" +" detect certain features of an existing install when upgrading." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13871 +msgid "" +":gh:`94399`: Restores the behaviour of :ref:`launcher` for ``/usr/bin/env`` " +"shebang lines, which will now search :envvar:`PATH` for an executable " +"matching the given command. If none is found, the usual search process is " +"used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13876 +msgid "" +":gh:`95445`: Fixes the unsuccessful removal of the HTML document directory " +"when uninstalling with Windows msi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13879 +msgid "" +":gh:`95359`: Fix :ref:`launcher` handling of :file:`py.ini` commands (it was" +" incorrectly expecting a ``py_`` prefix on keys) and crashes when reading " +"per-user configuration file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13883 +msgid "" +":gh:`95285`: Fix :ref:`launcher` handling of command lines where it is only " +"passed a short executable name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13886 +msgid "" +":gh:`90844`: Allow virtual environments to correctly launch when they have " +"spaces in the path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13889 +msgid "" +":gh:`94772`: Fix incorrect handling of shebang lines in py.exe launcher" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13891 +msgid "" +":gh:`94018`: :mod:`zipfile` will now remove trailing spaces from path " +"components when extracting files on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13894 +msgid "" +":gh:`93824`: Drag and drop of files onto Python files in Windows Explorer " +"has been enabled for Windows ARM64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13897 +msgid "" +":gh:`43414`: :func:`os.get_terminal_size` now attempts to read the size from" +" any provided handle, rather than only supporting file descriptors 0, 1 and " +"2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13901 +msgid "" +":gh:`92817`: Ensures that :file:`py.exe` will prefer an active virtual " +"environment over default tags specified with environment variables or " +"through a :file:`py.ini` file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13905 +msgid "" +":gh:`92984`: Explicitly disable incremental linking for non-Debug builds" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13907 +msgid "" +":gh:`92841`: :mod:`asyncio` no longer throws ``RuntimeError: Event loop is " +"closed`` on interpreter exit after asynchronous socket activity. Patch by " +"Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13911 +msgid ":issue:`46907`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.38.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13913 +msgid ":gh:`91061`: Accept os.PathLike for the argument to winsound.PlaySound" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13915 +msgid "" +":issue:`42658`: Support native Windows case-insensitive path comparisons by " +"using ``LCMapStringEx`` instead of :func:`str.lower` in " +":func:`ntpath.normcase`. Add ``LCMapStringEx`` to the :mod:`!_winapi` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13920 +msgid ":issue:`38704`: Prevent installation on unsupported Windows versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13925 +msgid "" +":gh:`97897`: The macOS 13 SDK includes support for the ``mkfifoat`` and " +"``mknodat`` system calls. Using the ``dir_fd`` option with either " +":func:`os.mkfifo` or :func:`os.mknod` could result in a segfault if cpython " +"is built with the macOS 13 SDK but run on an earlier version of macOS. " +"Prevent this by adding runtime support for detection of these system calls " +"(\"weaklinking\") as is done for other newer syscalls on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13935 +msgid "" +":gh:`97527`: Fix a bug in the previous bugfix that caused IDLE to not start " +"when run with 3.10.8, 3.12.0a1, and at least Microsoft Python 3.10.2288.0 " +"installed without the Lib/test package. 3.11.0 was never affected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13939 +msgid ":gh:`65802`: Document handling of extensions in Save As dialogs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13941 +msgid "" +":gh:`95191`: Include prompts when saving Shell (interactive input and " +"output)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13944 +msgid "" +":gh:`95511`: Fix the Shell context menu copy-with-prompts bug of copying an " +"extra line when one selects whole lines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13947 +msgid "" +":gh:`95471`: In the Edit menu, move ``Select All`` and add a new separator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13949 +msgid ":gh:`95411`: Enable using IDLE's module browser with .pyw files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13951 +msgid "" +":gh:`89610`: Add .pyi as a recognized extension for IDLE on macOS. This " +"allows opening stub files by double clicking on them in the Finder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13957 +msgid ":gh:`68686`: Remove ptags and eptags scripts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13959 +msgid "" +":gh:`97681`: Remove the ``Tools/demo/`` directory which contained old demo " +"scripts. A copy can be found in the `old-demos project " +"`_. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13963 +msgid "" +":gh:`97669`: Remove outdated example scripts of the ``Tools/scripts/`` " +"directory. A copy can be found in the `old-demos project " +"`_. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13967 +msgid "" +":gh:`95853`: The ``wasm_build.py`` script now pre-builds Emscripten ports, " +"checks for broken EMSDK versions, and warns about pkg-config env vars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13970 +msgid "" +":gh:`95853`: The new tool ``Tools/wasm/wasm_builder.py`` automates " +"configure, compile, and test steps for building CPython on WebAssembly " +"platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13973 +msgid "" +":gh:`95731`: Fix handling of module docstrings in " +":file:`Tools/i18n/pygettext.py`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13976 +msgid "" +":gh:`93939`: Add script ``Tools/scripts/check_modules.py`` to check and " +"validate builtin and shared extension modules. The script also handles " +"``Modules/Setup`` and will eventually replace ``setup.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13980 +msgid "" +":gh:`94538`: Fix Argument Clinic output to custom file destinations. Patch " +"by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13983 +msgid "" +":gh:`94430`: Allow parameters named ``module`` and ``self`` with custom C " +"names in Argument Clinic. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13986 +msgid "" +":gh:`86087`: The ``Tools/scripts/parseentities.py`` script used to parse " +"HTML4 entities has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13992 +msgid "" +":gh:`98393`: The :c:func:`PyUnicode_FSDecoder` function no longer accepts " +"bytes-like paths, like :class:`bytearray` and :class:`memoryview` types: " +"only the exact :class:`bytes` type is accepted for bytes strings. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:13997 +msgid "" +":gh:`91051`: Add :c:func:`PyType_Watch` and related APIs to allow callbacks " +"on :c:func:`PyType_Modified`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14000 +msgid "" +":gh:`95756`: Lazily create and cache ``co_`` attributes for better " +"performance for code getters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14003 +msgid "" +":gh:`96512`: Configuration for the :ref:`integer string conversion length " +"limitation ` now lives in the PyConfig C API struct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14006 +msgid "" +":gh:`95589`: Extensions classes that set ``tp_dictoffset`` and " +"``tp_weaklistoffset`` lose the support for multiple inheritance, but are now" +" safe. Extension classes should use :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` and " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14011 +msgid "" +":gh:`95781`: An unrecognized format character in " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` now sets " +"a :exc:`SystemError`. In previous versions it caused all the rest of the " +"format string to be copied as-is to the result string, and any extra " +"arguments discarded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14017 +msgid "" +":gh:`92678`: Restore the 3.10 behavior for multiple inheritance of C " +"extension classes that store their dictionary at the end of the struct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14020 +msgid "" +":gh:`92678`: Support C extensions using managed dictionaries by setting the " +"``Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT`` flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14023 +msgid "" +":gh:`93274`: API for implementing vectorcall " +"(:c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL`, :c:func:`PyVectorcall_NARGS` and " +":c:func:`PyVectorcall_Call`) was added to the limited API and stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14027 +msgid "" +":gh:`95504`: Fix sign placement when specifying width or precision in " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV`. Patch by" +" Philip Georgi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14031 +msgid "" +":gh:`93012`: The :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` flag is now removed " +"from a class when the class's :py:meth:`~object.__call__` method is " +"reassigned. This makes vectorcall safe to use with mutable types (i.e. heap " +"types without the :const:`immutable ` flag). " +"Mutable types that do not override :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_call` now " +"inherit the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL` flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14039 +msgid "" +":gh:`95388`: Creating :c:macro:`immutable types ` " +"with mutable bases is deprecated and is planned to be disabled in Python " +"3.14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14043 +msgid "" +":gh:`92678`: Adds unstable C-API functions ``_PyObject_VisitManagedDict`` " +"and ``_PyObject_ClearManagedDict`` to allow C extensions to allow the VM to " +"manage their object's dictionaries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14047 +msgid "" +":gh:`94936`: Added :c:func:`PyCode_GetVarnames`, " +":c:func:`PyCode_GetCellvars` and :c:func:`PyCode_GetFreevars` for accessing " +"``co_varnames``, ``co_cellvars`` and ``co_freevars`` respectively via the C " +"API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14051 +msgid "" +":gh:`94930`: Fix ``SystemError`` raised when " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` is used with ``#`` in ``(...)`` but " +"without ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14055 +msgid "" +":gh:`94731`: Python again uses C-style casts for most casting operations " +"when compiled with C++. This may trigger compiler warnings, if they are " +"enabled with e.g. ``-Wold-style-cast`` or ``-Wzero-as-null-pointer-" +"constant`` options for ``g++``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14060 +msgid "" +":gh:`93937`: The following frame functions and type are now directly " +"available with ``#include ``, it's no longer needed to add " +"``#include ``:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14064 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_Check`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_Check`" + +#: ../NEWS:14065 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack`" + +#: ../NEWS:14066 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetBuiltins`" + +#: ../NEWS:14067 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGenerator`" + +#: ../NEWS:14068 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetGlobals`" + +#: ../NEWS:14069 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLasti`" + +#: ../NEWS:14070 +msgid ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`" + +#: ../NEWS:14071 +msgid ":c:type:`PyFrame_Type`" +msgstr ":c:type:`PyFrame_Type`" + +#: ../NEWS:14075 +msgid "" +":gh:`91321`: Fix the compatibility of the Python C API with C++ older than " +"C++11. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14078 +msgid "" +":gh:`91731`: Avoid defining the ``static_assert`` when compiling with C++ " +"11, where this is a keyword and redefining it can lead to undefined " +"behavior. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14082 +msgid "" +":gh:`89546`: :c:func:`PyType_FromMetaclass` (and other ``PyType_From*`` " +"functions) now check that offsets and the base class's " +":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` fit in the new class's " +"``tp_basicsize``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14087 +msgid "" +":gh:`93503`: Add two new public functions to the public C-API, " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetProfileAllThreads` and " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetTraceAllThreads`, that allow to set tracing and profiling" +" functions in all running threads in addition to the calling one. Also, two " +"analogous functions to the :mod:`threading` module " +"(:func:`threading.setprofile_all_threads` and " +":func:`threading.settrace_all_threads`) that allow to do the same from " +"Python. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14096 +msgid "" +":gh:`93442`: Add C++ overloads for _Py_CAST_impl() to handle 0/NULL. This " +"will allow C++ extensions that pass 0 or NULL to macros using _Py_CAST() to " +"continue to compile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14100 +msgid "" +":gh:`93466`: Slot IDs in PyType_Spec may not be repeated. The documentation " +"was updated to mention this. For some cases of repeated slots, " +"PyType_FromSpec and related functions will now raise an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14104 +msgid "" +":gh:`92898`: Fix C++ compiler warnings when casting function arguments to " +"``PyObject*``. Patch by Serge Guelton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14107 +msgid "" +":gh:`93103`: Deprecate global configuration variables, like " +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`, in the documentation: the " +":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API should be instead. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14112 +msgid "" +":gh:`77782`: Deprecate global configuration variable like " +":c:var:`Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag`: the :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` API" +" should be instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14116 +msgid "" +":gh:`92913`: Ensures changes to :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` are" +" ignored unless :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` is set" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14119 +msgid "" +":gh:`92781`: Avoid mixing declarations and code in the C API to fix the " +"compiler warning: \"ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code\" " +"[-Werror=declaration-after-statement]. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14123 +msgid "" +":gh:`92651`: Remove the ``token.h`` header file. There was never any public " +"tokenizer C API. The ``token.h`` header file was only designed to be used by" +" Python internals. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14127 +msgid ":gh:`92536`: Remove legacy Unicode APIs based on ``Py_UNICODE*``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14129 +msgid "" +":gh:`85858`: Remove the ``PyUnicode_InternImmortal()`` function and the " +"``SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL`` macro. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14132 +msgid "" +":gh:`92193`: Add new function :c:func:`PyFunction_SetVectorcall` to the C " +"API which sets the vectorcall field of a given :c:type:`PyFunctionObject`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14135 +msgid "" +"Warning: extensions using this API must preserve the behavior of the " +"unaltered function!" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14138 +msgid "" +":gh:`59121`: Fixed an assert that prevented ``PyRun_InteractiveOne`` from " +"providing tracebacks when parsing from the provided FD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14141 +msgid "" +":issue:`45383`: The :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` API will now find and use a " +"metaclass based on the provided bases. An error will be raised if there is a" +" metaclass conflict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14147 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 beta 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14149 +msgid "*Release date: 2022-05-06*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14154 +msgid "" +":gh:`57684`: Add the :option:`-P` command line option and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` environment variable to not prepend a potentially " +"unsafe path to :data:`sys.path`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14161 +msgid "" +":gh:`89519`: Chaining classmethod descriptors (introduced in :issue:`19072`)" +" is deprecated. It can no longer be used to wrap other descriptors such as " +"property(). The core design of this feature was flawed, and it caused a " +"number of downstream problems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14166 +msgid "" +":gh:`92345`: ``pymain_run_python()`` now imports ``readline`` and " +"``rlcompleter`` before sys.path is extended to include the current working " +"directory of an interactive interpreter. Non-interactive interpreters are " +"not affected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14171 +msgid "" +":issue:`43857`: Improve the :exc:`AttributeError` message when deleting a " +"missing attribute. Patch by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14174 +msgid "" +":gh:`92245`: Make sure that PEP 523 is respected in all cases. In 3.11a7, " +"specialization may have prevented Python-to-Python calls respecting PEP 523." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14178 +msgid "" +":gh:`92203`: Add a closure keyword-only parameter to :func:`exec`. It can " +"only be specified when exec-ing a code object that uses free variables. When" +" specified, it must be a tuple, with exactly the number of cell variables " +"referenced by the code object. closure has a default value of ``None``, and " +"it must be ``None`` if the code object doesn't refer to any free variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14185 +msgid "" +":gh:`91173`: Disable frozen modules in debug builds. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14187 +msgid "" +":gh:`92114`: Improve error message when subscript a type with " +"``__class_getitem__`` set to ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14190 +msgid "" +":gh:`92112`: Fix crash triggered by an evil custom ``mro()`` on a metaclass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14192 +msgid "" +":gh:`92063`: The ``PRECALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS`` " +"instruction now ensures methods are called only on objects of the correct " +"type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14195 +msgid "" +":gh:`92031`: Deoptimize statically allocated code objects during " +"``Py_FINALIZE()`` so that future ``_PyCode_Quicken`` calls always start with" +" unquickened code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14199 +msgid "" +":gh:`92036`: Fix a crash in subinterpreters related to the garbage " +"collector. When a subinterpreter is deleted, untrack all objects tracked by " +"its GC. To prevent a crash in deallocator functions expecting objects to be " +"tracked by the GC, leak a strong reference to these objects on purpose, so " +"they are never deleted and their deallocator functions are not called. Patch" +" by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14206 +msgid "" +":gh:`92032`: The interpreter can now autocomplete soft keywords, as of now " +"``match``, ``case``, and ``_`` (wildcard pattern) from :pep:`634`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14209 +msgid "" +":gh:`87999`: The warning emitted by the Python parser for a numeric literal " +"immediately followed by keyword has been changed from deprecation warning to" +" syntax warning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14213 +msgid "" +":gh:`91869`: Fix an issue where specialized opcodes with extended arguments " +"could produce incorrect tracing output or lead to assertion failures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14216 +msgid "" +":gh:`91603`: Speed up :class:`types.UnionType` instantiation. Based on patch" +" provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14219 +msgid "" +":gh:`89373`: If Python is built in debug mode, Python now ensures that " +"deallocator functions leave the current exception unchanged. Patch by Victor" +" Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14223 +msgid "" +":gh:`91632`: Fix a minor memory leak at exit: release the memory of the " +":class:`generic_alias_iterator` type. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14226 +msgid "" +":gh:`81548`: Octal escapes with value larger than ``0o377`` now produce a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In a future Python version they will be a " +":exc:`SyntaxWarning` and eventually a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14230 +msgid "" +":issue:`43950`: Use a single compact table for line starts, ends and column " +"offsets. Reduces memory consumption for location info by half" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14233 +msgid "" +":gh:`91102`: Use Argument Clinic for :class:`EncodingMap`. Patch by Oleg " +"Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14236 +msgid "" +":gh:`91636`: Fixed a crash in a garbage-collection edge-case, in which a " +"``PyFunction_Type.tp_clear`` function could leave a python function object " +"in an inconsistent state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14240 +msgid "" +":gh:`91603`: Speed up :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` checks for " +":class:`types.UnionType`. Patch by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14243 +msgid "" +":gh:`91625`: Fixed a bug in which adaptive opcodes ignored any preceding " +"``EXTENDED_ARG``\\ s on specialization failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14246 +msgid "" +":gh:`78607`: The LLTRACE special build now looks for the name " +"``__lltrace__`` defined in module globals, rather than the name " +"``__ltrace__``, which had been introduced as a typo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14250 +msgid "" +":gh:`91576`: Speed up iteration of ascii strings by 50%. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14253 +msgid "" +":gh:`89279`: Improve interpreter performance on Windows by inlining a few " +"specific macros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14256 +msgid "" +":gh:`91502`: Add a new :c:func:`!_PyFrame_IsEntryFrame` API function, to " +"check if a :c:type:`PyFrameObject` is an entry frame. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14260 +msgid "" +":gh:`91266`: Refactor the ``bytearray`` strip methods ``strip``, ``lstrip`` " +"and ``rstrip`` to use a common implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14263 +msgid "" +":gh:`91479`: Replaced the ``__note__`` field of :exc:`BaseException` (added " +"in an earlier version of 3.11) with the final design of :pep:`678`. Namely, " +":exc:`BaseException` gets an :meth:`add_note` method, and its ``__notes__`` " +"field is created when necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14268 +msgid "" +":gh:`46055`: Speed up right shift of negative integers, by removing " +"unnecessary creation of temporaries. Original patch by Xinhang Xu, reworked " +"by Mark Dickinson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14272 +msgid "" +":gh:`91462`: Make the interpreter's low-level tracing (lltrace) feature " +"output more readable by displaying opcode names (rather than just numbers), " +"and by displaying stack contents before each opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14276 +msgid "" +":gh:`89455`: Fixed an uninitialized bool value in the traceback printing " +"code path that was introduced by the initial :issue:`45292` exception groups" +" work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14279 +msgid ":gh:`91421`: Fix a potential integer overflow in _Py_DecodeUTF8Ex." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14281 +msgid "" +":gh:`91428`: Add ``static const char *const _PyOpcode_OpName[256] = {...};``" +" to ``opcode.h`` for debug builds to assist in debugging the Python " +"interpreter. It is now more convenient to make various forms of debugging " +"output more human-readable by including opcode names rather than just the " +"corresponding decimal digits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14287 +msgid "" +":issue:`47120`: Make :opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE`, " +":opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE`, :opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_NONE` and " +":opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE` virtual, mapping to new relative jump " +"opcodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14291 +msgid "" +":issue:`45317`: Add internal documentation explaining design of new (for " +"3.11) frame stack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14294 +msgid "" +":issue:`47197`: ctypes used to mishandle ``void`` return types, so that for " +"instance a function declared like ``ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None, ctypes.c_int)`` " +"would be called with signature ``int f(int)`` instead of ``void f(int)``. " +"Wasm targets require function pointers to be called with the correct " +"signatures so this led to crashes. The problem is now fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14300 +msgid "" +":issue:`47120`: Make opcodes :opcode:`!JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP` and " +":opcode:`!JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP` relative rather than absolute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14303 +msgid "" +":issue:`47177`: Replace the ``f_lasti`` member of the internal " +"``_PyInterpreterFrame`` structure with a ``prev_instr`` pointer, which " +"reduces overhead in the main interpreter loop. The ``f_lasti`` attribute of " +"Python-layer frame objects is preserved for backward-compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14308 +msgid "" +":issue:`46961`: Integer mod/remainder operations, including the three-" +"argument form of :func:`pow`, now consistently return ints from the global " +"small integer cache when applicable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14312 +msgid "" +":issue:`46962`: Classes and functions that unconditionally declared their " +"docstrings ignoring the ``--without-doc-strings`` compilation flag no longer" +" do so." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14316 +msgid "" +"The classes affected are :class:`ctypes.UnionType`, " +":class:`pickle.PickleBuffer`, :class:`testcapi.RecursingInfinitelyError`, " +"and :class:`types.GenericAlias`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14320 +msgid "The functions affected are 24 methods in :mod:`ctypes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14322 +msgid "Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14324 +msgid "" +":issue:`46942`: Use Argument Clinic for the :class:`types.MethodType` " +"constructor. Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14327 +msgid ":issue:`46764`: Fix wrapping bound methods with @classmethod" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14329 +msgid "" +":issue:`43464`: Optimize :meth:`set.intersection` for non-set arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14331 +msgid ":issue:`46721`: Optimize :meth:`set.issuperset` for non-set argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14333 +msgid "" +":issue:`46509`: Add type-specialized versions of the ``Py_DECREF()``, and " +"use them for ``float``, ``int``, ``str``, ``bool``, and ``None`` to avoid " +"pointer-chasing at runtime where types are known at C compile time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14337 ../NEWS:16052 +msgid ":issue:`46045`: Do not use POSIX semaphores on NetBSD" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14339 +msgid "" +":issue:`36819`: Fix crashes in built-in encoders with error handlers that " +"return position less or equal than the starting position of non-encodable " +"characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14343 +msgid "" +":issue:`34093`: ``marshal.dumps()`` uses ``FLAG_REF`` for all interned " +"strings. This makes output more deterministic and helps reproducible build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14346 +msgid "" +":issue:`26579`: Added ``object.__getstate__`` which provides the default " +"implementation of the ``__getstate__()`` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14349 +msgid "" +"Copying and pickling instances of subclasses of builtin types bytearray, " +"set, frozenset, collections.OrderedDict, collections.deque, weakref.WeakSet," +" and datetime.tzinfo now copies and pickles instance attributes implemented " +"as slots." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14357 +msgid ":gh:`87901`: Add the *encoding* parameter to :func:`os.popen`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14359 +msgid "" +":gh:`90997`: Fix an issue where :mod:`dis` utilities may interpret populated" +" inline cache entries as valid instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14362 +msgid "" +":gh:`92332`: Deprecate :class:`typing.Text` (removal of the class is " +"currently not planned). Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14365 +msgid "" +":gh:`78157`: Deprecate nested classes in enum definitions becoming members " +"-- in 3.13 they will be normal classes; add ``member`` and ``nonmember`` " +"functions to allow control over results now." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14369 +msgid ":gh:`92356`: Fixed a performance regression in ctypes function calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14371 +msgid "" +":gh:`90997`: Show the actual named values stored in inline caches when " +"``show_caches=True`` is passed to :mod:`dis` utilities." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14374 +msgid "" +":gh:`92301`: Prefer ``close_range()`` to iterating over procfs for file " +"descriptor closing in :mod:`subprocess` for better performance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14377 +msgid ":gh:`67248`: Sort the miscellaneous topics in Cmd.do_help()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14379 +msgid "" +":gh:`92210`: Port ``socket.__init__`` to Argument Clinic. Patch by Cinder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14381 +msgid "" +":gh:`80010`: Add support for generalized ISO 8601 parsing to " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisoformat`, :meth:`datetime.date.fromisoformat`" +" and :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat`. Patch by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14386 +msgid "" +":gh:`92118`: Fix a 3.11 regression in :func:`~contextlib.contextmanager`, " +"which caused it to propagate exceptions with incorrect tracebacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14389 +msgid "" +":gh:`90887`: Adding ``COPYFILE_STAT``, ``COPYFILE_ACL`` and " +"``COPYFILE_XATTR`` constants for :func:`os.fcopyfile` available in macOs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14392 +msgid "" +":gh:`91215`: For :func:`@dataclass `, add " +"*weakref_slot*. The new parameter defaults to ``False``. If true, and if " +"``slots=True``, add a slot named ``\"__weakref__\"``, which will allow " +"instances to be weakref'd. Contributed by Eric V. Smith" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14397 +msgid ":gh:`85984`: New function os.login_tty() for Unix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14399 +msgid "" +":gh:`92128`: Add :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` to " +":class:`logging.LoggerAdapter` and :class:`logging.StreamHandler`, allowing " +"them to be parameterized at runtime. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14403 +msgid "" +":gh:`92049`: Forbid pickling constants ``re._constants.SUCCESS`` etc. " +"Previously, pickling did not fail, but the result could not be unpickled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14406 +msgid "" +":gh:`92062`: :class:`inspect.Parameter` now raises :exc:`ValueError` if " +"``name`` is a keyword, in addition to the existing check that it is an " +"identifier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14410 +msgid "" +":gh:`87390`: Add an ``__unpacked__`` attribute to " +":class:`types.GenericAlias`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14413 +msgid ":gh:`88089`: Add support for generic :class:`typing.NamedTuple`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14415 +msgid "" +":gh:`91996`: New http.HTTPMethod enum to represent all the available HTTP " +"request methods in a convenient way" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14418 +msgid "" +":gh:`91984`: Modified test strings in test_argparse.py to not contain " +"trailing spaces before end of line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14421 +msgid "" +":gh:`91952`: Add ``encoding=\"locale\"`` support to " +":meth:`TextIOWrapper.reconfigure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14424 +msgid "" +":gh:`91954`: Add *encoding* and *errors* arguments to " +":func:`subprocess.getoutput` and :func:`subprocess.getstatusoutput`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14427 +msgid "" +":issue:`47029`: Always close the read end of the pipe used by " +":class:`multiprocessing.Queue` *after* the last write of buffered data to " +"the write end of the pipe to avoid :exc:`BrokenPipeError` at garbage " +"collection and at :meth:`multiprocessing.Queue.close` calls. Patch by Géry " +"Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14433 +msgid ":gh:`91928`: Add ``datetime.UTC`` alias for ``datetime.timezone.utc``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14435 +msgid "Patch by Kabir Kwatra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14437 +msgid "" +":gh:`68966`: The :mod:`!mailcap` module is now deprecated and will be " +"removed in Python 3.13. See :pep:`594` for the rationale and the " +":mod:`mimetypes` module for an alternative. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14441 +msgid "" +":gh:`91401`: Provide a way to disable :mod:`subprocess` use of ``vfork()`` " +"just in case it is ever needed and document the existing mechanism for " +"``posix_spawn()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14445 +msgid "" +":gh:`64783`: Fix :const:`signal.NSIG` value on FreeBSD to accept signal " +"numbers greater than 32, like :const:`signal.SIGRTMIN` and " +":const:`signal.SIGRTMAX`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14449 +msgid "" +":gh:`91910`: Add missing f prefix to f-strings in error messages from the " +":mod:`multiprocessing` and :mod:`asyncio` modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14452 +msgid "" +":gh:`91860`: Add :func:`typing.dataclass_transform`, implementing " +":pep:`681`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14455 +msgid "" +":gh:`91832`: Add ``required`` attribute to :class:`argparse.Action` repr " +"output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14458 +msgid "" +":gh:`91827`: In the :mod:`tkinter` module add method ``info_patchlevel()`` " +"which returns the exact version of the Tcl library as a named tuple similar " +"to :data:`sys.version_info`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14462 +msgid "" +":gh:`84461`: Add :option:`--enable-wasm-pthreads` to enable pthreads support" +" for WASM builds. ``Emscripten/node`` no longer has threading enabled by " +"default. Include additional file systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14466 +msgid "" +":gh:`91821`: Fix unstable ``test_from_tuple`` test in ``test_decimal.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14468 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the xdrlib module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14470 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the uu module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14472 +msgid "" +":gh:`91760`: More strict rules will be applied for numerical group " +"references and group names in regular expressions. For now, a deprecation " +"warning is emitted for group references and group names which will be errors" +" in future Python versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14477 +msgid "" +":gh:`84461`: Add provisional :data:`sys._emscripten_info` named tuple with " +"build-time and run-time information about Emscripten platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14480 +msgid "" +":gh:`90623`: :func:`signal.raise_signal` and :func:`os.kill` now check " +"immediately for pending signals. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14483 +msgid ":gh:`91734`: Fix OSS audio support on Solaris." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14485 +msgid "" +":gh:`90633`: Include the passed value in the exception thrown by " +":func:`typing.assert_never`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14488 +msgid "" +":gh:`91700`: Compilation of regular expression containing a conditional " +"expression ``(?(group)...)`` now raises an appropriate :exc:`re.error` if " +"the group number refers to not defined group. Previously an internal " +"RuntimeError was raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14493 +msgid "" +":gh:`91231`: Add an optional keyword *shutdown_timeout* parameter to the " +":class:`multiprocessing.BaseManager` constructor. Kill the process if " +"terminate() takes longer than the timeout. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14497 +msgid "" +":gh:`91621`: Fix :func:`typing.get_type_hints` for " +":class:`collections.abc.Callable`. Patch by Shantanu Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14500 +msgid "" +":gh:`90568`: Parsing ``\\N`` escapes of Unicode Named Character Sequences in" +" a :mod:`regular expression ` raises now :exc:`re.error` instead of " +"``TypeError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14504 +msgid "" +":gh:`91670`: Remove deprecated ``SO`` config variable in :mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14506 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the telnetlib module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14508 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the sunau module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14510 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the spwd module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14512 +msgid "" +":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the sndhdr module, as well as inline needed " +"functionality for ``email.mime.MIMEAudio``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14515 +msgid "" +":gh:`91616`: :mod:`re` module, fix :meth:`~re.Pattern.fullmatch` mismatch " +"when using Atomic Grouping or Possessive Quantifiers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14518 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the 'pipes' module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14520 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the ossaudiodev module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14522 +msgid "" +":issue:`47256`: :mod:`re` module, limit the maximum capturing group to " +"1,073,741,823 in 64-bit build, this increases the depth of backtracking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14525 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the nis module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14527 +msgid "" +":gh:`91595`: Fix the comparison of character and integer inside " +":func:`Tools.gdb.libpython.write_repr`. Patch by Yu Liu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14530 +msgid "" +":gh:`74166`: Add option to raise all errors from " +":meth:`~socket.create_connection` in an :exc:`ExceptionGroup` when it fails " +"to create a connection. The default remains to raise only the last error " +"that had occurred when multiple addresses were tried." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14535 +msgid "" +":gh:`91487`: Optimize asyncio UDP speed, over 100 times faster when " +"transferring a large file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14538 +msgid "" +":gh:`91575`: Update case-insensitive matching in the :mod:`re` module to the" +" latest Unicode version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14541 +msgid "" +":gh:`90622`: In ``concurrent.futures.process.ProcessPoolExecutor`` disallow " +"the \"fork\" multiprocessing start method when the new " +"``max_tasks_per_child`` feature is used as the mix of threads+fork can hang " +"the child processes. Default to using the safe \"spawn\" start method in " +"that circumstance if no ``mp_context`` was supplied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14547 +msgid "" +":gh:`89022`: In :mod:`sqlite3`, ``SQLITE_MISUSE`` result codes are now " +"mapped to :exc:`~sqlite3.InterfaceError` instead of " +":exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError`. Also, more accurate exceptions are raised " +"when binding parameters fail. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14552 +msgid "" +":gh:`91526`: Stop calling ``os.device_encoding(file.fileno())`` in " +":class:`TextIOWrapper`. It was complex, never documented, and didn't work " +"for most cases. (Patch by Inada Naoki.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14556 +msgid "" +":gh:`88116`: Change the frame-related functions in the :mod:`inspect` module" +" to return a regular object (that is backwards compatible with the old " +"tuple-like interface) that include the extended :pep:`657` position " +"information (end line number, column and end column). The affected functions" +" are: :func:`inspect.getframeinfo`, :func:`inspect.getouterframes`, " +":func:`inspect.getinnerframes`, :func:`inspect.stack` and " +":func:`inspect.trace`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14564 +msgid "" +":gh:`69093`: Add indexing and slicing support to :class:`sqlite3.Blob`. " +"Patch by Aviv Palivoda and Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14567 +msgid "" +":gh:`69093`: Add :term:`context manager` support to :class:`sqlite3.Blob`. " +"Patch by Aviv Palivoda and Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14570 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate nntplib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14572 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate msilib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14574 +msgid "" +":gh:`91404`: Improve the performance of :mod:`re` matching by using computed" +" gotos (or \"threaded code\") on supported platforms and removing expensive " +"pointer indirections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14578 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the imghdr module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14580 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the crypt module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14582 +msgid ":gh:`91276`: Make space for longer opcodes in :mod:`dis` output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14584 +msgid "" +":issue:`47000`: Make :class:`TextIOWrapper` uses locale encoding when " +"``encoding=\"locale\"`` is specified even in UTF-8 mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14587 +msgid "" +":gh:`91230`: :func:`warnings.catch_warnings` now accepts arguments for " +":func:`warnings.simplefilter`, providing a more concise way to locally " +"ignore warnings or convert them to errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14591 +msgid ":gh:`91217`: Deprecate the chunk module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14593 +msgid "" +":gh:`91498`: Add the ``TCP_CONNECTION_INFO`` option (available on macOS) to " +":mod:`socket`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14596 +msgid "" +":issue:`47260`: Fix ``os.closerange()`` potentially being a no-op in a Linux" +" seccomp sandbox." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14599 +msgid "" +":issue:`47087`: Implement ``typing.Required`` and ``typing.NotRequired`` " +"(:pep:`655`). Patch by David Foster and Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14602 +msgid ":issue:`47061`: Deprecate cgi and cgitb." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14604 +msgid ":issue:`47061`: Deprecate audioop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14606 +msgid "" +":issue:`47000`: Add :func:`locale.getencoding` to get the current locale " +"encoding. It is similar to ``locale.getpreferredencoding(False)`` but " +"ignores the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14610 +msgid "" +":issue:`42012`: Add :mod:`wsgiref.types`, containing WSGI-specific types for" +" static type checking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14613 +msgid "" +":issue:`47227`: Suppress expression chaining for more :mod:`re` parsing " +"errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14615 +msgid "" +":issue:`47211`: Remove undocumented and never working function " +"``re.template()`` and flag ``re.TEMPLATE``. This was later reverted in " +"3.11.0b2 and deprecated instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14619 +msgid "" +":issue:`47135`: :meth:`decimal.localcontext` now accepts context attributes " +"via keyword arguments" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14622 +msgid "" +":issue:`43323`: Fix errors in the :mod:`email` module if the charset itself " +"contains undecodable/unencodable characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14625 +msgid ":issue:`46841`: Disassembly of quickened code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14627 +msgid ":issue:`46681`: Forward gzip.compress() compresslevel to zlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14629 +msgid "" +":issue:`45100`: Add :func:`typing.get_overloads` and " +":func:`typing.clear_overloads`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14632 +msgid "" +":issue:`44807`: :class:`typing.Protocol` no longer silently replaces " +":meth:`__init__` methods defined on subclasses. Patch by Adrian Garcia " +"Badaracco." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14636 +msgid "" +":issue:`46787`: Fix :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"exception memory leak" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14639 +msgid "" +":issue:`46720`: Add support for path-like objects to " +":func:`multiprocessing.set_executable` for Windows to be on a par with Unix-" +"like systems. Patch by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14643 +msgid ":issue:`46696`: Add ``SO_INCOMING_CPU`` constant to :mod:`socket`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14645 +msgid ":issue:`46053`: Fix OSS audio support on NetBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14647 +msgid "" +":issue:`45639`: ``image/avif`` and ``image/webp`` were added to " +":mod:`mimetypes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14650 +msgid "" +":issue:`46285`: Add command-line option ``-p``/``--protocol`` to module " +":mod:`http.server` which specifies the HTTP version to which the server is " +"conformant (HTTP/1.1 conformant servers can now be run from the command-line" +" interface of module :mod:`http.server`). Patch by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14655 +msgid "" +":issue:`44791`: Accept ellipsis as the last argument of " +":data:`typing.Concatenate`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14658 +msgid "" +":issue:`46547`: Remove variables leaking into ``pydoc.Helper`` class " +"namespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14660 +msgid "" +":issue:`46415`: Fix ipaddress.ip_{address,interface,network} raising " +"TypeError instead of ValueError if given invalid tuple as address parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14663 +msgid "" +":issue:`46075`: ``CookieJar`` with ``DefaultCookiePolicy`` now can process " +"cookies from localhost with domain=localhost explicitly specified in Set-" +"Cookie header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14667 +msgid "" +":issue:`45995`: Add a \"z\" option to the string formatting specification " +"that coerces negative zero floating-point values to positive zero after " +"rounding to the format precision. Contributed by John Belmonte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14671 +msgid "" +":issue:`26175`: Fully implement the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` or " +":class:`io.TextIOBase` interface for :class:`tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile` " +"objects. This lets them work correctly with higher-level layers (like " +"compression modules). Patch by Carey Metcalfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14677 +msgid "" +":issue:`45138`: Fix a regression in the :mod:`sqlite3` trace callback where " +"bound parameters were not expanded in the passed statement string. The " +"regression was introduced in Python 3.10 by :issue:`40318`. Patch by Erlend " +"E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14682 +msgid "" +":issue:`44863`: Allow :class:`~typing.TypedDict` subclasses to also include " +":class:`~typing.Generic` as a base class in class based syntax. Thereby " +"allowing the user to define a generic ``TypedDict``, just like a user-" +"defined generic but with ``TypedDict`` semantics." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14687 +msgid "" +":issue:`44587`: Fix BooleanOptionalAction to not automatically add a default" +" string. If a default string is desired, use a formatter to add it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14690 +msgid "" +":issue:`43827`: All positional-or-keyword parameters to ``ABCMeta.__new__`` " +"are now positional-only to avoid conflicts with keyword arguments to be " +"passed to :meth:`__init_subclass__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14694 +msgid "" +":issue:`43218`: Prevent creation of a venv whose path contains the PATH " +"separator. This could affect the usage of the activate script. Patch by " +"Dustin Rodrigues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14698 +msgid "" +":issue:`38435`: Add a ``process_group`` parameter to " +":class:`subprocess.Popen` to help move more things off of the unsafe " +"``preexec_fn`` parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14701 +msgid "" +":issue:`42066`: Fix cookies getting sorted in :func:`CookieJar.__iter__` " +"which is an extra behavior and not mentioned in RFC 2965 or Netscape cookie " +"protocol. Now the cookies in ``CookieJar`` follows the order of the ``Set-" +"Cookie`` header. Patch by Iman Kermani." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14706 +msgid "" +":issue:`40617`: Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.create_window_function` to " +":class:`sqlite3.Connection` for creating aggregate window functions. Patch " +"by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14710 +msgid "" +":issue:`40676`: Convert :mod:`csv` to use Argument Clinic for " +":func:`csv.field_size_limit`, :func:`csv.get_dialect`, " +":func:`csv.unregister_dialect` and :func:`csv.list_dialects`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14714 +msgid "" +":issue:`39716`: Raise an ``ArgumentError`` when the same subparser name is " +"added twice to an ``argparse.ArgumentParser``. This is consistent with the " +"(default) behavior when the same option string is added twice to an " +"``ArgumentParser``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14719 +msgid "" +":issue:`36073`: Raise :exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError` instead of " +"segfaulting on recursive usage of cursors in :mod:`sqlite3` converters. " +"Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14723 +msgid "" +":issue:`34975`: Adds a ``start_tls()`` method to " +":class:`~asyncio.streams.StreamWriter`, which upgrades the connection with " +"TLS using the given :class:`~ssl.SSLContext`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14727 +msgid "" +":issue:`22276`: :class:`~pathlib.Path` methods :meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob` " +"and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob` return only directories if *pattern* ends " +"with a pathname components separator (``/`` or :data:`~os.sep`). Patch by " +"Eisuke Kawashima." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14732 +msgid "" +":issue:`24905`: Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.blobopen` to " +":class:`sqlite3.Connection`. :class:`sqlite3.Blob` allows incremental I/O " +"operations on blobs. Patch by Aviv Palivoda and Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14739 +msgid "" +":gh:`91888`: Add a new ``gh`` role to the documentation to link to GitHub " +"issues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14742 +msgid "" +":gh:`91783`: Document security issues concerning the use of the function " +":meth:`shutil.unpack_archive`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14745 +msgid ":gh:`91547`: Remove \"Undocumented modules\" page." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14747 +msgid "" +":gh:`91298`: In ``importlib.resources.abc``, refined the documentation of " +"the Traversable Protocol, applying changes from importlib_resources 5.7.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14750 +msgid "" +":issue:`44347`: Clarify the meaning of *dirs_exist_ok*, a kwarg of " +":func:`shutil.copytree`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14753 +msgid "" +":issue:`36329`: Remove 'make -C Doc serve' in favour of 'make -C Doc " +"htmlview'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14755 +msgid "" +":issue:`47189`: Add a What's New in Python 3.11 entry for the Faster CPython" +" project. Documentation by Ken Jin and Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14758 +msgid "" +":issue:`38668`: Update the introduction to documentation for :mod:`os.path` " +"to remove warnings that became irrelevant after the implementations of " +":pep:`383` and :pep:`529`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14762 +msgid "" +":issue:`47115`: The documentation now lists which members of C structs are " +"part of the :ref:`Limited API/Stable ABI `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14765 +msgid "" +":issue:`46962`: All docstrings in code snippets are now wrapped into " +":c:macro:`PyDoc_STR` to follow the guideline of :pep:`PEP 7's Documentation " +"Strings paragraph <0007#documentation-strings>`. Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14770 +msgid "" +":issue:`26792`: Improve the docstrings of :func:`runpy.run_module` and " +":func:`runpy.run_path`. Original patch by Andrew Brezovsky." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14776 +msgid "" +":gh:`92169`: Use ``warnings_helper.import_deprecated()`` to import " +"deprecated modules uniformly in tests. Patch by Hugo van Kemenade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14779 +msgid "" +":gh:`84461`: When multiprocessing is enabled, libregrtest can now use a " +"Python executable other than :code:`sys.executable` via the ``--python`` " +"flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14783 +msgid "" +":gh:`91904`: Fix initialization of :envvar:`PYTHONREGRTEST_UNICODE_GUARD` " +"which prevented running regression tests on non-UTF-8 locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14786 +msgid "" +":gh:`91752`: Added @requires_zlib to test.test_tools.test_freeze.TestFreeze." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14788 +msgid "" +":gh:`91607`: Fix ``test_concurrent_futures`` to test the correct " +"multiprocessing start method context in several cases where the test logic " +"mixed this up." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14792 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Threading tests are now skipped on WASM targets without " +"pthread support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14795 +msgid "" +":issue:`47109`: Test for :mod:`ctypes.macholib.dyld`, " +":mod:`ctypes.macholib.dylib`, and :mod:`ctypes.macholib.framework` are " +"brought from manual pre-:mod:`unittest` times to :mod:`ctypes.test` location" +" and structure. Patch by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14800 +msgid "" +":issue:`29890`: Add tests for :class:`ipaddress.IPv4Interface` and " +":class:`ipaddress.IPv6Interface` construction with tuple arguments. Original" +" patch and tests by louisom." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14807 +msgid "" +":gh:`89452`: gdbm-compat is now preferred over ndbm if both are available on" +" the system. This allows avoiding the problematic ndbm.h on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14810 +msgid "" +":gh:`91731`: Python is now built with ``-std=c11`` compiler option, rather " +"than ``-std=c99``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14813 +msgid "" +":issue:`47152`: Add script and make target for generating " +"``sre_constants.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14815 +msgid "" +":issue:`47103`: Windows ``PGInstrument`` builds now copy a required DLL into" +" the output directory, making it easier to run the profile stage of a PGO " +"build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14822 +msgid ":issue:`46907`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.38.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14824 +msgid "" +":issue:`47239`: Fixed --list and --list-paths output for :ref:`launcher` " +"when used in an active virtual environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14827 +msgid ":issue:`46907`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.38.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14829 +msgid "" +":issue:`46785`: Fix race condition between :func:`os.stat` and unlinking a " +"file on Windows, by using errors codes returned by ``FindFirstFileW()`` when" +" appropriate in ``win32_xstat_impl``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14833 +msgid ":issue:`40859`: Update Windows build to use xz-5.2.5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14838 +msgid ":issue:`46907`: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.38.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14843 +msgid "" +":gh:`91583`: Fix regression in the code generated by Argument Clinic for " +"functions with the ``defining_class`` parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14846 +msgid "" +":gh:`91575`: Add script ``Tools/scripts/generate_re_casefix.py`` and the " +"make target ``regen-re`` for generating additional data for case-insensitive" +" matching according to the current Unicode version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14850 +msgid "" +":gh:`91551`: Remove the ancient Pynche color editor. It has moved to " +"https://gitlab.com/warsaw/pynche" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14856 +msgid "" +":gh:`88279`: Deprecate the C functions: :c:func:`!PySys_SetArgv`, " +":c:func:`!PySys_SetArgvEx`, :c:func:`!PySys_SetPath`. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14860 +msgid "" +":gh:`92154`: Added the :c:func:`PyCode_GetCode` function. This function does" +" the equivalent of the Python code ``getattr(code_object, 'co_code')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14863 +msgid "" +":gh:`92173`: Fix the ``closure`` argument to :c:func:`PyEval_EvalCodeEx`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14865 +msgid "" +":gh:`91320`: Fix C++ compiler warnings about \"old-style cast\" (``g++ " +"-Wold-style-cast``) in the Python C API. Use C++ ``reinterpret_cast<>`` and " +"``static_cast<>`` casts when the Python C API is used in C++. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14870 +msgid "" +":gh:`80527`: Mark functions as deprecated by :pep:`623`: " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_DATA`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE`, " +":c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE`, :c:func:`!PyUnicode_GET_SIZE`. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14875 +msgid "" +":gh:`91768`: :c:func:`Py_REFCNT`, :c:func:`Py_TYPE`, :c:func:`Py_SIZE` and " +":c:func:`Py_IS_TYPE` functions argument type is now ``PyObject*``, rather " +"than ``const PyObject*``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14879 +msgid "" +":gh:`91020`: Add ``PyBytes_Type.tp_alloc`` to initialize " +"``PyBytesObject.ob_shash`` for bytes subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14882 +msgid "" +":issue:`40421`: Add ``PyFrame_GetLasti`` C-API function to access frame " +"object's ``f_lasti`` attribute safely from C code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14885 +msgid "" +":issue:`35134`: Remove the ``Include/code.h`` header file. C extensions " +"should only include the main ```` header file. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14888 +msgid "" +":issue:`47169`: :c:func:`PyOS_CheckStack` is now exported in the Stable ABI " +"on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14891 +msgid "" +":issue:`47169`: :c:func:`PyThread_get_thread_native_id` is excluded from the" +" stable ABI on platforms where it doesn't exist (like Solaris)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14894 +msgid "" +":issue:`46343`: Added :c:func:`PyErr_GetHandledException` and " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetHandledException` as simpler alternatives to " +":c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo` and :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14898 +msgid "They are included in the stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14902 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 alpha 7" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14904 +msgid "*Release date: 2022-04-05*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14909 +msgid "" +":issue:`47212`: Raise :exc:`IndentationError` instead of :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"for a bare ``except`` with no following indent. Improve :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"locations for an un-parenthesized generator used as arguments. Patch by " +"Matthieu Dartiailh." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14914 +msgid "" +":issue:`47186`: Replace :opcode:`JUMP_IF_NOT_EG_MATCH` by " +":opcode:`CHECK_EG_MATCH` + jump." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14917 +msgid "" +":issue:`47176`: Emscripten builds cannot handle signals in the usual way due" +" to platform limitations. Python can now handle signals. To use, set " +"Module.Py_EmscriptenSignalBuffer to be a single byte SharedArrayBuffer and " +"set Py_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNAL_HANDLING to 1. Writing a number into the " +"SharedArrayBuffer will cause the corresponding signal to be raised into the " +"Python thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14924 +msgid "" +":issue:`47186`: Replace :opcode:`JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH` by " +":opcode:`CHECK_EXC_MATCH` + jump." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14927 +msgid "" +":issue:`47120`: Replace the absolute jump opcode :opcode:`JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT`" +" by the relative :opcode:`JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14930 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Avoid unnecessary allocations when comparing code objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14932 +msgid "" +":issue:`47182`: Fix a crash when using a named unicode character like " +"``\"\\N{digit nine}\"`` after the main interpreter has been initialized a " +"second time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14936 +msgid "" +":issue:`47162`: WebAssembly cannot deal with bad function pointer casts " +"(different count or types of arguments). Python can now use call trampolines" +" to mitigate the problem. Define :c:macro:`PY_CALL_TRAMPOLINE` to enable " +"call trampolines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14941 +msgid "" +":issue:`46775`: Some Windows system error codes(>= 10000) are now mapped " +"into the correct errno and may now raise a subclass of :exc:`OSError`. Patch" +" by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14945 +msgid "" +":issue:`47129`: Improve error messages in f-string syntax errors concerning " +"empty expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14948 +msgid "" +":issue:`47117`: Fix a crash if we fail to decode characters in interactive " +"mode if the tokenizer buffers are uninitialized. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14951 +msgid "" +":issue:`47127`: Speed up calls to c functions with keyword arguments by 25% " +"with specialization. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14954 +msgid "" +":issue:`47120`: Replaced :opcode:`JUMP_ABSOLUTE` by the relative jump " +":opcode:`JUMP_BACKWARD`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14957 +msgid "" +":issue:`42197`: :c:func:`!PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError` and " +":c:func:`!PyFrame_LocalsToFast` are no longer called during profiling nor " +"tracing. C code can access the ``f_locals`` attribute of " +":c:type:`PyFrameObject` by calling :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLocals`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14962 +msgid "" +":issue:`47070`: Improve performance of ``array_inplace_repeat`` by reducing " +"the number of invocations of ``memcpy``. Refactor the ``repeat`` and inplace" +" ``repeat`` methods of ``array``, ``bytes``, ``bytearray`` and " +"``unicodeobject`` to use the common ``_PyBytes_Repeat``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14967 +msgid "" +":issue:`47053`: Reduce de-optimization in the specialized " +"``BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE`` opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14970 +msgid "" +":issue:`47045`: Remove the ``f_state`` field from the _PyInterpreterFrame " +"struct. Add the ``owner`` field to the _PyInterpreterFrame struct to make " +"ownership explicit to simplify clearing and deallocing frames and " +"generators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14975 +msgid "" +":issue:`46968`: Check for the existence of the \"sys/auxv.h\" header in " +":mod:`faulthandler` to avoid compilation problems in systems where this " +"header doesn't exist. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14979 +msgid "" +":issue:`46329`: Use low bit of ``LOAD_GLOBAL`` to indicate whether to push a" +" ``NULL`` before the global. Helps streamline the call sequence a bit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14982 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Quicken bytecode in-place by storing it as part of the " +"corresponding ``PyCodeObject``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14985 +msgid "" +":issue:`47012`: Speed up iteration of :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` " +"by 30%. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14988 +msgid "" +":issue:`47009`: Improved the performance of :meth:`list.append` and list " +"comprehensions by optimizing for the common case, where no resize is needed." +" Patch by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14992 +msgid "" +":issue:`47005`: Improve performance of ``bytearray_repeat`` and " +"``bytearray_irepeat`` by reducing the number of invocations of ``memcpy``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14995 +msgid "" +":issue:`46829`: Deprecate passing a message into " +":meth:`asyncio.Future.cancel` and :meth:`asyncio.Task.cancel`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:14998 +msgid "" +":issue:`46993`: Speed up :class:`bytearray` creation from :class:`list` and " +":class:`tuple` by 40%. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15001 +msgid "" +":issue:`39829`: Removed the ``__len__()`` call when initializing a list and " +"moved initializing to ``list_extend``. Patch by Jeremiah Pascual." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15004 +msgid "" +":issue:`46944`: Speed up throwing exception in generator with " +":c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` calling convention. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15007 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Modify :opcode:`STORE_SUBSCR` to use an inline cache entry " +"(rather than its oparg) as an adaptive counter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15010 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Use inline caching for :opcode:`!PRECALL` and " +":opcode:`CALL`, and remove the internal machinery for managing the (now " +"unused) non-inline caches." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15014 +msgid "" +":issue:`46881`: Statically allocate and initialize the latin1 characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15016 +msgid "" +":issue:`46838`: Improve syntax errors for incorrect function definitions. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15019 +msgid "" +":issue:`43721`: Fix docstrings of :attr:`~property.getter`, " +":attr:`~property.setter`, and :attr:`~property.deleter` to clarify that they" +" create a new copy of the property." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15023 +msgid ":issue:`43224`: Make grammar changes required for PEP 646." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15028 +msgid "" +":issue:`47208`: Allow vendors to override :const:`CTYPES_MAX_ARGCOUNT`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15030 +msgid "" +":issue:`23689`: :mod:`re` module: fix memory leak when a match is terminated" +" by a signal or memory allocation failure. Patch by Ma Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15033 +msgid "" +":issue:`47167`: Allow overriding a future compliance check in " +":class:`asyncio.Task`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15036 +msgid "" +":issue:`47151`: When subprocess tries to use vfork, it now falls back to " +"fork if vfork returns an error. This allows use in situations where vfork " +"isn't allowed by the OS kernel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15040 +msgid "" +":issue:`47152`: Convert the :mod:`re` module into a package. Deprecate " +"modules ``sre_compile``, ``sre_constants`` and ``sre_parse``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15043 +msgid ":issue:`4833`: Add :meth:`ZipFile.mkdir`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15045 +msgid "" +":issue:`27929`: Fix :meth:`asyncio.loop.sock_connect` to only resolve names " +"for :const:`socket.AF_INET` or :const:`socket.AF_INET6` families. Resolution" +" may not make sense for other families, like :const:`socket.AF_BLUETOOTH` " +"and :const:`socket.AF_UNIX`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15050 +msgid ":issue:`14265`: Adds the fully qualified test name to unittest output" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15052 +msgid ":issue:`47061`: Deprecate the aifc module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15054 +msgid "" +":issue:`39622`: Handle Ctrl+C in asyncio programs to interrupt the main " +"task." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15056 +msgid "" +":issue:`47101`: :const:`hashlib.algorithms_available` now lists only " +"algorithms that are provided by activated crypto providers on OpenSSL 3.0. " +"Legacy algorithms are not listed unless the legacy provider has been loaded " +"into the default OSSL context." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15061 +msgid "" +":issue:`47099`: All :exc:`URLError` exception messages raised in " +":class:`urllib.request.URLopener` now contain a colon between ``ftp error`` " +"and the rest of the message. Previously, " +":func:`~urllib.request.URLopener.open_ftp` missed the colon. Patch by Oleg " +"Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15067 +msgid "" +":issue:`47099`: Exception chaining is changed from " +":func:`Exception.with_traceback`/:func:`sys.exc_info` to :pep:`3134`. Patch " +"by Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15071 +msgid "" +":issue:`47095`: :mod:`hashlib`'s internal ``_blake2`` module now prefers " +"``libb2`` from https://www.blake2.net/ over Python's vendored copy of " +"blake2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15075 +msgid "" +":issue:`47098`: The Keccak Code Package for :mod:`hashlib`'s internal " +"``_sha3`` module has been replaced with tiny_sha3. The module is used as " +"fallback when Python is built without OpenSSL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15079 +msgid "" +":issue:`47088`: Implement :data:`typing.LiteralString`, part of :pep:`675`. " +"Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15082 +msgid "" +":issue:`42885`: Optimize :func:`re.search`, :func:`re.split`, " +":func:`re.findall`, :func:`re.finditer` and :func:`re.sub` for regular " +"expressions starting with ``\\A`` or ``^``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15086 +msgid "" +":issue:`23691`: Protect the :func:`re.finditer` iterator from re-entering." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15088 +msgid "" +":issue:`47067`: Optimize calling ``GenericAlias`` objects by using " +":pep:`590` ``vectorcall`` and by replacing ``PyObject_SetAttrString`` with " +"``PyObject_SetAttr``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15092 +msgid "" +":issue:`28080`: Add the *metadata_encoding* parameter in the " +":class:`zipfile.ZipFile` constructor and the ``--metadata-encoding`` option " +"in the :mod:`zipfile` CLI to allow reading zipfiles using non-standard " +"codecs to encode the filenames within the archive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15097 +msgid "" +":issue:`47000`: Make :func:`io.text_encoding` returns \"utf-8\" when UTF-8 " +"mode is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15100 +msgid "" +":issue:`42369`: Fix thread safety of :meth:`zipfile._SharedFile.tell` to " +"avoid a \"zipfile.BadZipFile: Bad CRC-32 for file\" exception when reading a" +" :class:`ZipFile` from multiple threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15104 +msgid "" +":issue:`38256`: Fix :func:`binascii.crc32` when it is compiled to use zlib'c" +" crc32 to work properly on inputs 4+GiB in length instead of returning the " +"wrong result. The workaround prior to this was to always feed the function " +"data in increments smaller than 4GiB or to just call the zlib module " +"function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15110 +msgid "" +"We also have :func:`binascii.crc32` release the GIL when computing on larger" +" inputs as :func:`zlib.crc32` and :mod:`hashlib` do." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15113 +msgid "" +"This also boosts performance on Windows as it now uses the zlib crc32 " +"implementation for :func:`binascii.crc32` for a 2-3x speedup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15116 +msgid "" +"That the stdlib has a crc32 API in two modules is a known historical oddity." +" This moves us closer to a single implementation behind them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15119 +msgid "" +":issue:`47066`: Global inline flags (e.g. ``(?i)``) can now only be used at " +"the start of the regular expressions. Using them not at the start of " +"expression was deprecated since Python 3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15123 +msgid "" +":issue:`39394`: A warning about inline flags not at the start of the regular" +" expression now contains the position of the flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15126 +msgid "" +":issue:`433030`: Add support of atomic grouping (``(?>...)``) and possessive" +" quantifiers (``*+``, ``++``, ``?+``, ``{m,n}+``) in :mod:`regular " +"expressions `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15130 +msgid ":issue:`47062`: Implement :class:`asyncio.Runner` context manager." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15132 +msgid "" +":issue:`46382`: :func:`~dataclasses.dataclass` ``slots=True`` now correctly " +"omits slots already defined in base classes. Patch by Arie Bovenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15135 +msgid ":issue:`47057`: Use FASTCALL convention for ``FutureIter.throw()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15137 +msgid ":issue:`47061`: Deprecate the various modules listed by :pep:`594`:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15139 +msgid "" +"aifc, asynchat, asyncore, audioop, cgi, cgitb, chunk, crypt, imghdr, msilib," +" nntplib, nis, ossaudiodev, pipes, smtpd, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, " +"uu, xdrlib" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15143 +msgid "" +":issue:`34790`: Remove passing coroutine objects to :func:`asyncio.wait`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15145 +msgid "" +":issue:`47039`: Normalize ``repr()`` of asyncio future and task objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15147 +msgid "" +":issue:`2604`: Fix bug where doctests using globals would fail when run " +"multiple times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15150 +msgid "" +":issue:`45150`: Add :func:`hashlib.file_digest` helper for efficient hashing" +" of file object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15153 +msgid ":issue:`34861`: Made cumtime the default sorting key for cProfile" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15155 +msgid ":issue:`45997`: Fix :class:`asyncio.Semaphore` re-aquiring FIFO order." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15157 +msgid "" +":issue:`47022`: The :mod:`!asynchat`, :mod:`!asyncore` and :mod:`!smtpd` " +"modules have been deprecated since at least Python 3.6. Their documentation " +"and deprecation warnings and have now been updated to note they will removed" +" in Python 3.12 (:pep:`594`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15162 +msgid "" +":issue:`43253`: Fix a crash when closing transports where the underlying " +"socket handle is already invalid on the Proactor event loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15165 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: :func:`select.select` now passes ``NULL`` to ``select`` for " +"each empty fdset." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15168 +msgid "" +":issue:`47004`: Apply bugfixes from importlib_metadata 4.11.3, including " +"bugfix for EntryPoint.extras, which was returning match objects and not the " +"extras strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15172 +msgid "" +":issue:`46998`: Allow subclassing of :class:`typing.Any`. Patch by Shantanu " +"Jain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15175 +msgid "" +":issue:`46995`: Deprecate missing :meth:`asyncio.Task.set_name` for third-" +"party task implementations, schedule making it mandatory in Python 3.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15178 +msgid "" +":issue:`46994`: Accept explicit contextvars.Context in " +":func:`asyncio.create_task` and :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_task`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15181 +msgid "" +":issue:`46981`: ``typing.get_args(typing.Tuple[()])`` now returns ``()`` " +"instead of ``((),)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15184 +msgid ":issue:`46968`: Add ``os.sysconf_names['SC_MINSIGSTKSZ']``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15186 +msgid ":issue:`46985`: Upgrade pip wheel bundled with ensurepip (pip 22.0.4)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15188 +msgid "" +":issue:`46968`: :mod:`faulthandler`: On Linux 5.14 and newer, dynamically " +"determine size of signal handler stack size CPython allocates using " +"``getauxval(AT_MINSIGSTKSZ)``. This changes allows for Python extension's " +"request to Linux kernel to use AMX_TILE instruction set on Sapphire Rapids " +"Xeon processor to succeed, unblocking use of the ISA in frameworks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15194 +msgid "" +":issue:`46917`: The :data:`math.nan` value is now always available. Patch by" +" Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15197 +msgid "" +":issue:`46955`: Expose :class:`asyncio.base_events.Server` as " +":class:`asyncio.Server`. Patch by Stefan Zabka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15200 +msgid "" +":issue:`23325`: The :mod:`signal` module no longer assumes that " +":const:`~signal.SIG_IGN` and :const:`~signal.SIG_DFL` are small int " +"singletons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15204 +msgid ":issue:`46932`: Update bundled libexpat to 2.4.7" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15206 +msgid "" +":issue:`46933`: The :mod:`pwd` module is now optional. " +":func:`os.path.expanduser` returns the path when the :mod:`pwd` module is " +"not available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15210 +msgid "" +":issue:`40059`: :pep:`680`, the :mod:`tomllib` module. Adds support for " +"parsing TOML." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15213 +msgid "" +":issue:`464471`: :func:`asyncio.timeout` and :func:`asyncio.timeout_at` " +"context managers added. Patch by Tin Tvrtković and Andrew Svetlov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15216 +msgid "" +":issue:`46805`: Added raw datagram socket functions for asyncio: " +":meth:`~asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_sendto`, " +":meth:`~asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_recvfrom` and " +":meth:`~asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_recvfrom_into`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15221 +msgid "" +":issue:`46644`: No longer require valid typeforms to be callable. This " +"allows :data:`typing.Annotated` to wrap :data:`typing.ParamSpecArgs` and " +":data:`dataclasses.InitVar`. Patch by Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15225 +msgid "" +":issue:`46581`: Brings :class:`ParamSpec` propagation for " +":class:`GenericAlias` in line with :class:`Concatenate` (and others)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15228 +msgid "" +":issue:`45413`: Define *posix_venv* and *nt_venv* :ref:`sysconfig " +"installation schemes ` to be used for bootstrapping new " +"virtual environments. Add *venv* sysconfig installation scheme to get the " +"appropriate one of the above. The schemes are identical to the pre-existing " +"*posix_prefix* and *nt* install schemes. The :mod:`venv` module now uses the" +" *venv* scheme to create new virtual environments instead of hardcoding the " +"paths depending only on the platform. Downstream Python distributors " +"customizing the *posix_prefix* or *nt* install scheme in a way that is not " +"compatible with the install scheme used in virtual environments are " +"encouraged not to customize the *venv* schemes. When Python itself runs in a" +" virtual environment, :func:`sysconfig.get_default_scheme` and " +":func:`sysconfig.get_preferred_scheme` with ``key=\"prefix\"`` returns " +"*venv*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15243 +msgid ":issue:`43224`: Implement support for PEP 646 in typing.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15245 +msgid "" +":issue:`43224`: Allow unpacking types.GenericAlias objects, e.g. " +"``*tuple[int, str]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15248 +msgid "" +":issue:`46557`: Warnings captured by the logging module are now logged " +"without a format string to prevent systems that group logs by the msg " +"argument from grouping captured warnings together." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15252 +msgid "" +":issue:`41370`: :func:`typing.get_type_hints` now supports evaluating " +"strings as forward references in :ref:`PEP 585 generic aliases `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15256 +msgid "" +":issue:`46607`: Add :exc:`DeprecationWarning` to " +":class:`!LegacyInterpolation`, deprecated in the docstring since Python 3.2." +" Will be removed in Python 3.13. Use :class:`BasicInterpolation` or " +":class:`ExtendedInterpolation` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15261 +msgid "" +":issue:`26120`: :mod:`pydoc` now excludes __future__ imports from the " +"module's data items." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15264 +msgid "" +":issue:`46480`: Add :func:`typing.assert_type`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15266 +msgid "" +":issue:`46421`: Fix a unittest issue where if the command was invoked as " +"``python -m unittest`` and the filename(s) began with a dot (.), a " +"``ValueError`` is returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15270 +msgid "" +":issue:`46245`: Add optional parameter *dir_fd* in :func:`shutil.rmtree`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15272 +msgid "" +":issue:`22859`: :meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` is marked as " +"deprecated, to be removed in Python 3.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15275 +msgid "" +":issue:`46170`: Improve the error message when you try to subclass an " +"instance of :class:`typing.NewType`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15278 +msgid ":issue:`40296`: Fix supporting generic aliases in :mod:`pydoc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15280 +msgid "" +":issue:`20392`: Fix inconsistency with uppercase file extensions in " +":meth:`MimeTypes.guess_type`. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15283 +msgid "" +":issue:`46030`: Add ``LOCAL_CREDS``, ``LOCAL_CREDS_PERSISTENT`` and " +"``SCM_CREDS2`` FreeBSD constants to the socket module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15286 +msgid "" +":issue:`44439`: Fix ``.write()`` method of a member file in ``ZipFile``, " +"when the input data is an object that supports the buffer protocol, the file" +" length may be wrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15290 +msgid "" +":issue:`45171`: Fix handling of the ``stacklevel`` argument to logging " +"functions in the :mod:`logging` module so that it is consistent across all " +"logging functions and, as advertised, similar to the ``stacklevel`` argument" +" used in :meth:`~warnings.warn`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15295 +msgid "" +":issue:`24959`: Fix bug where :mod:`unittest` sometimes drops frames from " +"tracebacks of exceptions raised in tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15298 +msgid "" +":issue:`44859`: Raise more accurate and :pep:`249` compatible exceptions in " +":mod:`sqlite3`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15301 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`~sqlite3.InterfaceError` instead of " +":exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError` for ``SQLITE_MISUSE`` errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15303 +msgid "" +"Don't overwrite :exc:`BufferError` with :exc:`ValueError` when conversion to" +" BLOB fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15305 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError` instead of :exc:`~sqlite3.Warning` if" +" user tries to :meth:`~sqlite3.Cursor.execute` more than one SQL statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15307 +msgid "" +"Raise :exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError` instead of :exc:`ValueError` if an " +"SQL query contains null characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15310 +msgid ":issue:`44493`: Add missing terminated NUL in sockaddr_un's length" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15312 +msgid "" +"This was potentially observable when using non-abstract AF_UNIX datagram " +"sockets to processes written in another programming language." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15315 +msgid "" +":issue:`41930`: Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.serialize` and " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.deserialize` support to :mod:`sqlite3`. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15319 +msgid "" +":issue:`33178`: Added :class:`ctypes.BigEndianUnion` and " +":class:`ctypes.LittleEndianUnion` classes, as originally documented in the " +"library docs but not yet implemented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15323 +msgid "" +":issue:`43352`: Add an Barrier object in synchronization primitives of " +"*asyncio* Lib in order to be consistent with Barrier from *threading* and " +"*multiprocessing* libs*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15327 +msgid "" +":issue:`35859`: :mod:`re` module, fix a few bugs about capturing group. In " +"rare cases, capturing group gets an incorrect string. Patch by Ma Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15333 +msgid ":issue:`45099`: Document internal :mod:`asyncio` API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15335 +msgid ":issue:`47126`: Update PEP URLs to :pep:`676`'s new canonical form." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15337 +msgid "" +":issue:`47040`: Clarified the old Python versions compatibility note of " +":func:`binascii.crc32` / :func:`zlib.adler32` / :func:`zlib.crc32` " +"functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15341 +msgid ":issue:`46033`: Clarify ``for`` statement execution in its doc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15343 +msgid "" +":issue:`45790`: Adjust inaccurate phrasing in " +":doc:`../extending/newtypes_tutorial` about the ``ob_base`` field and the " +"macros used to access its contents." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15347 +msgid "" +":issue:`42340`: Document that in some circumstances :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`" +" may cause the code to enter an inconsistent state. Provided a sample " +"workaround to avoid it if needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15351 +msgid "" +":issue:`41233`: Link the errnos referenced in ``Doc/library/exceptions.rst``" +" to their respective section in ``Doc/library/errno.rst``, and vice versa. " +"Previously this was only done for EINTR and InterruptedError. Patch by Yan " +"\"yyyyyyyan\" Orestes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15359 +msgid "" +":issue:`47205`: Skip test for :func:`~os.sched_getaffinity` and " +":func:`~os.sched_setaffinity` error case on FreeBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15362 +msgid ":issue:`46126`: Restore 'descriptions' when running tests internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15364 +msgid "" +":issue:`47104`: Rewrite :func:`asyncio.to_thread` tests to use " +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15367 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: The test suite is now passing on the Emscripten platform. " +"All fork, socket, and subprocess-based tests are skipped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15370 +msgid "" +":issue:`47037`: Skip ``strftime(\"%4Y\")`` feature test on Windows. It can " +"cause an assertion error in debug builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15373 +msgid "" +":issue:`46587`: Skip tests if platform's ``strftime`` does not support non-" +"portable glibc extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15376 +msgid "" +":issue:`47015`: A test case for :func:`os.sendfile` is converted from " +"deprecated :mod:`!asyncore` (see :pep:`594`) to :mod:`asyncio`. Patch by " +"Oleg Iarygin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15383 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Add configure option :option:`--enable-wasm-dynamic-linking`" +" to enable ``dlopen`` and MAIN_MODULE / SIDE_MODULE on " +"``wasm32-emscripten``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15386 +msgid "" +":issue:`46023`: ``makesetup`` now detects and skips all duplicated module " +"definitions. The first entry wins." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15389 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Add SOABI ``wasm32-emscripten`` for Emscripten and " +"``wasm32-wasi`` for WASI on 32bit WASM as well as ``wasm64`` counter parts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15393 +msgid "" +":issue:`47032`: Ensure Windows install builds fail correctly with a non-zero" +" exit code when part of the build fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15396 +msgid "" +":issue:`47024`: Update OpenSSL to 1.1.1n for macOS installers and all " +"Windows builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15399 +msgid "" +":issue:`46996`: The :mod:`tkinter` package now requires Tcl/Tk version " +"8.5.12 or newer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15402 +msgid "" +":issue:`46973`: Add ``regen-configure`` make target to regenerate configure " +"script with Christian's container image " +"``quay.io/tiran/cpython_autoconf:269``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15406 +msgid "" +":issue:`46917`: Building Python now requires support of IEEE 754 floating-" +"point numbers. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15409 +msgid "" +":issue:`45774`: ``configure`` now verifies that all SQLite C APIs needed for" +" the :mod:`sqlite3` extension module are found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15415 +msgid "" +":issue:`47194`: Update ``zlib`` to v1.2.12 to resolve :cve:`2018-25032`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15417 +msgid "" +":issue:`47171`: Enables installing the :file:`py.exe` launcher on Windows " +"ARM64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15420 +msgid "" +":issue:`46566`: Upgraded :ref:`launcher` to support a new ``-V:company/tag``" +" argument for full :pep:`514` support and to detect ARM64 installs. The " +"``-64`` suffix on arguments is deprecated, but still selects any non-32-bit " +"install. Setting :envvar:`PYLAUNCHER_ALLOW_INSTALL` and specifying a version" +" that is not installed will attempt to install the requested version from " +"the Microsoft Store." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15427 +msgid "" +":issue:`47086`: The installer for Windows now includes documentation as " +"loose HTML files rather than a single compiled :file:`.chm` file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15430 +msgid ":issue:`46907`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.38.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15432 +msgid "" +":issue:`44549`: Update bzip2 to 1.0.8 in Windows builds to mitigate " +":cve:`2016-3189` and :cve:`2019-12900`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15435 +msgid "" +":issue:`46948`: Prevent :cve:`2022-26488` by ensuring the Add to PATH option" +" in the Windows installer uses the correct path when being repaired." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15441 +msgid "" +":issue:`46890`: Fix a regression in the setting of ``sys._base_executable`` " +"in framework builds, and thereby fix a regression in :mod:`venv` virtual " +"environments with such builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15445 +msgid ":issue:`46907`: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.38.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15450 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Replace Emscripten's limited shell with Katie Bell's " +"browser-ui REPL from python-wasm project." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15456 +msgid "" +":issue:`40421`: Add ``PyFrame_GetBuiltins``, ``PyFrame_GetGenerator`` and " +"``PyFrame_GetGlobals`` C-API functions to access frame object attributes " +"safely from C code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15460 +msgid "" +":issue:`46850`: Move the private ``_PyFrameEvalFunction`` type, and private " +"``_PyInterpreterState_GetEvalFrameFunc()`` and " +"``_PyInterpreterState_SetEvalFrameFunc()`` functions to the internal C API. " +"The ``_PyFrameEvalFunction`` callback function type now uses the " +"``_PyInterpreterFrame`` type which is part of the internal C API. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15467 +msgid "" +":issue:`46850`: Move the private undocumented ``_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault()``" +" function to the internal C API. The function now uses the " +"``_PyInterpreterFrame`` type which is part of the internal C API. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15472 +msgid "" +":issue:`46850`: Remove the private undocumented function " +"``_PyEval_CallTracing()`` from the C API. Call the public " +":func:`sys.call_tracing` function instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15476 +msgid "" +":issue:`46850`: Remove the private undocumented function " +"``_PyEval_GetCoroutineOriginTrackingDepth()`` from the C API. Call the " +"public :func:`sys.get_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth` function instead. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15481 +msgid "" +":issue:`46850`: Remove the following private undocumented functions from the" +" C API:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15484 +msgid "``_PyEval_GetAsyncGenFirstiter()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15485 +msgid "``_PyEval_GetAsyncGenFinalizer()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15486 +msgid "``_PyEval_SetAsyncGenFirstiter()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15487 +msgid "``_PyEval_SetAsyncGenFinalizer()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15489 +msgid "" +"Call the public :func:`sys.get_asyncgen_hooks` and " +":func:`sys.set_asyncgen_hooks` functions instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15492 +msgid "" +":issue:`46987`: Remove private functions ``_PySys_GetObjectId()`` and " +"``_PySys_SetObjectId()``. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15495 +msgid "" +":issue:`46906`: Add new functions to pack and unpack C double (serialize and" +" deserialize): :c:func:`PyFloat_Pack2`, :c:func:`PyFloat_Pack4`, " +":c:func:`PyFloat_Pack8`, :c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack2`, " +":c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack4` and :c:func:`PyFloat_Unpack8`. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15503 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 alpha 6" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15505 +msgid "*Release date: 2022-03-07*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15510 +msgid "" +":issue:`46940`: Avoid overriding :exc:`AttributeError` metadata information " +"for nested attribute access calls. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15513 +msgid "" +":issue:`46927`: Include the type's name in the error message for " +"subscripting non-generic types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15516 +msgid ":issue:`46921`: Support vectorcall for ``super()``. Patch by Ken Jin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15518 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Fix incorrect handling of inline cache entries when " +"specializing :opcode:`BINARY_OP`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15521 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Use an oparg to simplify the construction of helpful error " +"messages in :opcode:`GET_AWAITABLE`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15524 +msgid "" +":issue:`46903`: Make sure that str subclasses can be used as attribute names" +" for instances with virtual dictionaries. Fixes regression in 3.11alpha" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15527 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Add more detailed specialization failure stats for " +":opcode:`COMPARE_OP` followed by :opcode:`EXTENDED_ARG`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15530 +msgid "" +":issue:`46891`: Fix bug introduced during 3.11alpha where subclasses of " +"``types.ModuleType`` with ``__slots__`` were not initialized correctly, " +"resulting in an interpreter crash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15534 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Use inline caching for :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR`, " +":opcode:`LOAD_METHOD`, and :opcode:`STORE_ATTR`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15537 +msgid ":issue:`46841`: Use inline cache for :opcode:`BINARY_SUBSCR`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15539 +msgid ":issue:`46841`: Use inline caching for :opcode:`COMPARE_OP`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15541 +msgid "" +":issue:`46864`: Deprecate ``PyBytesObject.ob_shash``. It will be removed in " +"Python 3.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15544 +msgid ":issue:`46841`: Use inline caching for :opcode:`UNPACK_SEQUENCE`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15546 +msgid "" +":issue:`46845`: Reduces dict size by removing hash value from hash table " +"when all inserted keys are Unicode. For example, " +"``sys.getsizeof(dict.fromkeys(\"abcdefg\"))`` becomes 272 bytes from 352 " +"bytes on 64bit platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15551 +msgid ":issue:`46841`: Use inline cache for :opcode:`LOAD_GLOBAL`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15553 +msgid "" +":issue:`46852`: Rename the private undocumented ``float.__set_format__()`` " +"method to ``float.__setformat__()`` to fix a typo introduced in Python 3.7. " +"The method is only used by test_float. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15557 +msgid "" +":issue:`46852`: Remove the undocumented private ``float.__set_format__()`` " +"method, previously known as ``float.__setformat__()`` in Python 3.7. Its " +"docstring said: \"You probably don't want to use this function. It exists " +"mainly to be used in Python's test suite.\" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15562 +msgid "" +":issue:`40116`: Fix regression that dict.update(other) may don't respect " +"iterate order of other when other is key sharing dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15565 +msgid "" +":issue:`46712`: Share global string identifiers in deep-frozen modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15567 +msgid "" +":issue:`46430`: Fix memory leak in interned strings of deep-frozen modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15569 +msgid "" +":issue:`46841`: Store :opcode:`BINARY_OP` caches inline using a new " +":opcode:`CACHE` instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15572 +msgid ":issue:`45107`: Specialize ``LOAD_METHOD`` for instances with a dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15574 +msgid "" +":issue:`44337`: Reduce the memory usage of specialized :opcode:`LOAD_ATTR` " +"and :opcode:`STORE_ATTR` instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15577 +msgid "" +":issue:`46729`: Add number of sub-exceptions to " +":meth:`BaseException.__str__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15579 +msgid "" +":issue:`45885`: Don't un-adapt :opcode:`COMPARE_OP` when collecting " +"specialization stats." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15582 +msgid "" +":issue:`46329`: Fix specialization stats gathering for :opcode:`!PRECALL` " +"instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15585 +msgid ":issue:`46794`: Bump up the libexpat version into 2.4.6" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15587 +msgid "" +":issue:`46823`: Implement a specialized combined opcode " +"``LOAD_FAST__LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE``. Patch by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15590 +msgid "" +":issue:`46820`: Fix parsing a numeric literal immediately (without spaces) " +"followed by \"not in\" keywords, like in ``1not in x``. Now the parser only " +"emits a warning, not a syntax error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15594 +msgid "" +":issue:`46329`: Move ``KW_NAMES`` before ``PRECALL`` instruction in call " +"sequence. Change ``operand`` of ``CALL`` to match ``PRECALL`` for easier " +"specialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15598 +msgid "" +":issue:`46808`: Remove the ``NEXT_BLOCK`` macro from compile.c, and make the" +" compiler automatically generate implicit blocks when they are needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15601 +msgid "" +":issue:`46329`: Add ``PUSH_NULL`` instruction. This is used as a prefix when" +" evaluating a callable, so that the stack has the same shape for methods and" +" other calls. ``PRECALL_FUNCTION`` and ``PRECALL_METHOD`` are merged into a " +"single ``PRECALL`` instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15606 ../NEWS:15989 +msgid "There is no change in semantics." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15608 +msgid "" +":issue:`46762`: Fix an assert failure in debug builds when a '<', '>', or " +"'=' is the last character in an f-string that's missing a closing right " +"brace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15611 +msgid "" +":issue:`46730`: Message of AttributeError caused by getting, setting or " +"deleting a property without the corresponding function now mentions that the" +" attribute is in fact a property and also specifies type of the class that " +"it belongs to." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15616 +msgid "" +":issue:`46724`: Make sure that all backwards jumps use the ``JUMP_ABSOLUTE``" +" instruction, rather than ``JUMP_FORWARD`` with an argument of " +"``(2**32)+offset``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15620 +msgid "" +":issue:`46732`: Correct the docstring for the :meth:`~object.__bool__` " +"method. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15623 +msgid "" +":issue:`46072`: Add more detailed specialization failure statistics for " +":opcode:`BINARY_OP`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15626 +msgid "" +":issue:`46707`: Avoid potential exponential backtracking when producing some" +" syntax errors involving lots of brackets. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15629 +msgid "" +":issue:`46323`: :mod:`ctypes` now allocates memory on the stack instead of " +"on the heap to pass arguments while calling a Python callback function. " +"Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15633 +msgid "" +":issue:`45923`: Add a quickened form of :opcode:`RESUME` that skips " +"quickening checks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15636 +msgid "" +":issue:`46702`: Specialize :opcode:`UNPACK_SEQUENCE` for :class:`tuple` and " +":class:`list` unpackings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15639 +msgid "" +":issue:`46072`: Opcode pair stats are now gathered with ``--enable-" +"pystats``. Defining ``DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE`` or ``DXPAIRS`` no longer " +"has any effect." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15643 +msgid "" +":issue:`46675`: Allow more than 16 items in a split dict before it is " +"combined. The limit is now 254." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15646 +msgid "" +":issue:`40479`: Add a missing call to ``va_end()`` in " +"``Modules/_hashopenssl.c``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15649 +msgid "" +":issue:`46323`: Use :c:func:`PyObject_Vectorcall` while calling ctypes " +"callback function. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15652 +msgid "" +":issue:`46615`: When iterating over sets internally in ``setobject.c``, " +"acquire strong references to the resulting items from the set. This " +"prevents crashes in corner-cases of various set operations where the set " +"gets mutated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15657 +msgid "" +":issue:`45828`: The bytecode compiler now attempts to apply runtime stack " +"manipulations at compile-time (whenever it is feasible to do so)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15660 +msgid "" +":issue:`30496`: Fixed a minor portability issue in the implementation of " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromLong`, and added a fast path for single-digit integers " +"to :c:func:`PyLong_FromLongLong`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15667 +msgid "" +":issue:`25707`: Fixed a file leak in :func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse`" +" when the iterator is not exhausted. Patch by Jacob Walls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15670 +msgid "" +":issue:`46877`: Export :func:`unittest.doModuleCleanups` in :mod:`unittest`." +" Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15673 +msgid "" +":issue:`46848`: For performance, use the optimized string-searching " +"implementations from :meth:`~bytes.find` and :meth:`~bytes.rfind` for " +":meth:`~mmap.find` and :meth:`~mmap.rfind`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15677 +msgid "" +":issue:`46736`: :class:`~http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` now uses " +"HTML5 grammar. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15680 +msgid "" +":issue:`44886`: Inherit asyncio proactor datagram transport from " +":class:`asyncio.DatagramTransport`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15683 +msgid "" +":issue:`46827`: Support UDP sockets in :meth:`asyncio.loop.sock_connect` " +"for selector-based event loops. Patch by Thomas Grainger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15686 +msgid ":issue:`46811`: Make test suite support Expat >=2.4.5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15688 +msgid "" +":issue:`46252`: Raise :exc:`TypeError` if :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` is passed " +"to transport-based APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15691 +msgid "" +":issue:`46784`: Fix libexpat symbols collisions with user dynamically loaded" +" or statically linked libexpat in embedded Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15694 +msgid "" +":issue:`46786`: The HTML serialisation in xml.etree.ElementTree now writes " +"``embed``, ``source``, ``track`` and ``wbr`` as empty tags, as defined in " +"HTML 5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15698 +msgid "" +":issue:`39327`: :func:`shutil.rmtree` can now work with VirtualBox shared " +"folders when running from the guest operating-system." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15701 +msgid "" +":issue:`45390`: Propagate :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError` message from inner " +"task to outer awaiter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15704 +msgid "" +":issue:`46756`: Fix a bug in " +":meth:`urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgr.find_user_password` and " +":meth:`urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth.is_authenticated` which " +"allowed to bypass authorization. For example, access to URI " +"``example.org/foobar`` was allowed if the user was authorized for URI " +"``example.org/foo``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15711 +msgid "" +":issue:`46737`: :func:`random.gauss` and :func:`random.normalvariate` now " +"have default arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15714 +msgid "" +":issue:`46752`: Add task groups to asyncio (structured concurrency, inspired" +" by Trio's nurseries). This also introduces a change to task cancellation, " +"where a cancelled task can't be cancelled again until it calls .uncancel()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15719 +msgid ":issue:`46724`: Fix :mod:`dis` behavior on negative jump offsets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15721 +msgid "" +":issue:`46333`: The :meth:`__repr__` method of :class:`typing.ForwardRef` " +"now includes the ``module`` parameter of :class:`typing.ForwardRef` when it " +"is set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15725 +msgid "" +":issue:`46643`: In :func:`typing.get_type_hints`, support evaluating " +"stringified ``ParamSpecArgs`` and ``ParamSpecKwargs`` annotations. Patch by " +"Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15729 +msgid "" +":issue:`45863`: When the :mod:`tarfile` module creates a pax format archive," +" it will put an integer representation of timestamps in the ustar header (if" +" possible) for the benefit of older unarchivers, in addition to the existing" +" full-precision timestamps in the pax extended header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15734 +msgid "" +":issue:`46066`: Deprecate kwargs-based syntax for :class:`typing.TypedDict` " +"definitions. It had confusing semantics when specifying totality, and was " +"largely unused. Patch by Jingchen Ye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15738 +msgid "" +":issue:`46676`: Make :data:`typing.ParamSpec` args and kwargs equal to " +"themselves. Patch by Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15741 +msgid "" +":issue:`46323`: ``ctypes.CFUNCTYPE()`` and ``ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE()`` now fail" +" to create the type if its ``_argtypes_`` member contains too many " +"arguments. Previously, the error was only raised when calling a function. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15746 +msgid "" +":issue:`46672`: Fix ``NameError`` in :func:`asyncio.gather` when initial " +"type check fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15749 +msgid "" +":issue:`46659`: The :class:`calendar.LocaleTextCalendar` and " +":class:`calendar.LocaleHTMLCalendar` classes now use " +":func:`locale.getlocale`, instead of using :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale`, " +"if no locale is specified. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15755 +msgid "" +":issue:`46659`: The :func:`locale.getdefaultlocale` function is deprecated " +"and will be removed in Python 3.13. Use :func:`locale.setlocale`, " +":func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) ` and" +" :func:`locale.getlocale` functions instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15760 +msgid "" +":issue:`46655`: In :func:`typing.get_type_hints`, support evaluating bare " +"stringified ``TypeAlias`` annotations. Patch by Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15763 +msgid "" +":issue:`45948`: Fixed a discrepancy in the C implementation of the " +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module. Now, instantiating an " +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` with a ``target=None`` keyword " +"provides a default :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder` target as the " +"Python implementation does." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15769 +msgid "" +":issue:`46626`: Expose Linux's ``IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT`` option in " +":mod:`socket`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15772 +msgid "" +":issue:`46521`: Fix a bug in the :mod:`codeop` module that was incorrectly " +"identifying invalid code involving string quotes as valid code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15775 +msgid ":issue:`46571`: Improve :func:`typing.no_type_check`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15777 +msgid "" +"Now it does not modify external classes and functions. We also now correctly" +" mark classmethods as not to be type checked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15780 +msgid ":issue:`46400`: expat: Update libexpat from 2.4.1 to 2.4.4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15782 +msgid "" +":issue:`46556`: Deprecate undocumented support for using a " +":class:`pathlib.Path` object as a context manager." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15785 +msgid "" +":issue:`46534`: Implement :pep:`673` :class:`typing.Self`. Patch by James " +"Hilton-Balfe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15788 +msgid "" +":issue:`46522`: Make various module ``__getattr__`` AttributeErrors more " +"closely match a typical AttributeError" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15791 +msgid "" +":issue:`46475`: Add :data:`typing.Never` and :func:`typing.assert_never`. " +"Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15794 +msgid "" +":issue:`46333`: The :meth:`__eq__` and :meth:`__hash__` methods of " +":class:`typing.ForwardRef` now honor the ``module`` parameter of " +":class:`typing.ForwardRef`. Forward references from different modules are " +"now differentiated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15799 +msgid "" +":issue:`46246`: Add missing ``__slots__`` to " +"``importlib.metadata.DeprecatedList``. Patch by Arie Bovenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15802 +msgid "" +":issue:`46232`: The :mod:`ssl` module now handles certificates with bit " +"strings in DN correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15805 +msgid "" +":issue:`46195`: :func:`typing.get_type_hints` no longer adds ``Optional`` to" +" parameters with ``None`` as a default. This aligns to changes to PEP 484 in" +" https://github.com/python/peps/pull/689" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15809 +msgid "" +":issue:`31369`: Add :class:`~re.RegexFlag` to ``re.__all__`` and documented " +"it. Add :data:`~re.RegexFlag.NOFLAG` to indicate no flags being set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15812 +msgid "" +":issue:`45898`: :mod:`ctypes` no longer defines ``ffi_type_*`` symbols in " +"``cfield.c``. The symbols have been provided by libffi for over a decade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15815 +msgid "" +":issue:`44953`: Calling ``operator.itemgetter`` objects and " +"``operator.attrgetter`` objects is now faster due to use of the vectorcall " +"calling convention." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15819 +msgid "" +":issue:`44289`: Fix an issue with :meth:`~tarfile.is_tarfile` method when " +"using *fileobj* argument: position in the *fileobj* was advanced forward " +"which made it unreadable with :meth:`tarfile.TarFile.open`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15823 +msgid "" +":issue:`44011`: Reimplement SSL/TLS support in asyncio, borrow the " +"implementation from uvloop library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15826 +msgid "" +":issue:`41086`: Make the :class:`configparser.ConfigParser` constructor " +"raise :exc:`TypeError` if the ``interpolation`` parameter is not of type " +":class:`!configparser.Interpolation`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15830 +msgid "" +":issue:`29418`: Implement :func:`inspect.ismethodwrapper` and fix " +":func:`inspect.isroutine` for cases where methodwrapper is given. Patch by " +"Hakan Çelik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15834 +msgid "" +":issue:`14156`: argparse.FileType now supports an argument of '-' in binary " +"mode, returning the .buffer attribute of sys.stdin/sys.stdout as " +"appropriate. Modes including 'x' and 'a' are treated equivalently to 'w' " +"when argument is '-'. Patch contributed by Josh Rosenberg" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15842 +msgid "" +":issue:`42238`: ``Doc/tools/rstlint.py`` has moved to its own repository and" +" is now packaged on PyPI as ``sphinx-lint``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15848 +msgid "" +":issue:`46913`: Fix test_faulthandler.test_sigfpe() if Python is built with " +"undefined behavior sanitizer (UBSAN): disable UBSAN on the " +"faulthandler_sigfpe() function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15852 +msgid "" +":issue:`46760`: Remove bytecode offsets from expected values in " +"test.test_dis module. Reduces the obstacles to modifying the VM or compiler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15855 +msgid "" +":issue:`46708`: Prevent default asyncio event loop policy modification " +"warning after ``test_asyncio`` execution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15858 +msgid "" +":issue:`46678`: The function ``make_legacy_pyc`` in " +"``Lib/test/support/import_helper.py`` no longer fails when " +"``PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX`` is set to a directory on a different device from " +"where tempfiles are stored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15863 +msgid "" +":issue:`46623`: Skip test_pair() and test_speech128() of test_zlib on s390x " +"since they fail if zlib uses the s390x hardware accelerator. Patch by Victor" +" Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15870 +msgid "" +":issue:`46860`: Respect ``--with-suffix`` when building on case-insensitive " +"file systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15873 +msgid "" +":issue:`46656`: Building Python now requires a C11 compiler. Optional C11 " +"features are not required. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15876 +msgid "" +":issue:`46656`: Building Python now requires support for floating-point Not-" +"a-Number (NaN): remove the ``Py_NO_NAN`` macro. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15880 +msgid "" +":issue:`46640`: Building Python now requires a C99 ```` header file " +"providing a ``NAN`` constant, or the ``__builtin_nan()`` built-in function. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15884 +msgid "" +":issue:`46608`: Exclude marshalled-frozen data if deep-freezing to save 300 " +"KB disk space. This includes adding a new ``is_package`` field to " +":c:struct:`_frozen`. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15888 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Fix wasm32-emscripten test failures and platform issues. - " +"Disable syscalls that are not supported or don't work, e.g. wait, " +"getrusage, prlimit, mkfifo, mknod, setres[gu]id, setgroups. - Use fd_count " +"to count open fds. - Add more checks for subprocess and fork. - Add " +"workarounds for missing _multiprocessing and failing socket.accept(). - " +"Enable bzip2. - Disable large file support. - Disable signal.alarm." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15895 +msgid "" +":issue:`46430`: Intern strings in deep-frozen modules. Patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15900 +msgid "" +":issue:`46744`: The default all users install directory for ARM64 is now " +"under the native ``Program Files`` folder, rather than ``Program Files " +"(Arm)`` which is intended for ARM (32-bit) files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15904 +msgid "" +":issue:`46567`: Adds Tcl and Tk support for Windows ARM64. This also adds " +"IDLE to the installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15907 +msgid "" +":issue:`46638`: Ensures registry virtualization is consistently disabled. " +"For 3.10 and earlier, it remains enabled (some registry writes are " +"protected), while for 3.11 and later it is disabled (registry modifications " +"affect all applications)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15915 +msgid "" +":issue:`46630`: Make query dialogs on Windows start with a cursor in the " +"entry box." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15918 +msgid "" +":issue:`45447`: Apply IDLE syntax highlighting to ``.pyi`` files. Patch by " +"Alex Waygood and Terry Jan Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15924 +msgid "" +":issue:`46748`: Python's public headers no longer import ````, " +"leaving code that embeds/extends Python free to define ``bool``, ``true`` " +"and ``false``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15928 +msgid "" +":issue:`46836`: Move the :c:type:`PyFrameObject` type definition (``struct " +"_frame``) to the internal C API ``pycore_frame.h`` header file. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15932 +msgid "" +":issue:`45459`: Rename ``Include/buffer.h`` header file to " +"``Include/pybuffer.h`` to avoid conflicts with projects having an existing " +"``buffer.h`` header file. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15936 +msgid "" +":issue:`45412`: Remove the ``HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION`` macro (moved to " +"the internal C API). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15939 +msgid "" +":issue:`46613`: Added function :c:func:`PyType_GetModuleByDef`, which allows" +" access to module state when a method's defining class is not available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15944 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 alpha 5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15946 +msgid "*Release date: 2022-02-03*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15951 +msgid "" +":issue:`45773`: Remove two invalid \"peephole\" optimizations from the " +"bytecode compiler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15954 +msgid "" +":issue:`46564`: Do not create frame objects when creating :class:`super` " +"object. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15957 +msgid "" +":issue:`45885`: Added more fined-grained specialization failure stats " +"regarding the ``COMPARE_OP`` bytecode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15960 +msgid "" +":issue:`44977`: The delegation of :func:`int` to :meth:`__trunc__` is now " +"deprecated. Calling ``int(a)`` when ``type(a)`` implements :meth:`__trunc__`" +" but not :meth:`__int__` or :meth:`__index__` now raises a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15965 +msgid "" +":issue:`46458`: Reorder code emitted by the compiler for a " +":keyword:`try`-:keyword:`except` block so that the :keyword:`else` block's " +"code immediately follows the :keyword:`try` body (without a jump). This is " +"more optimal for the happy path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15970 +msgid "" +":issue:`46527`: Allow passing ``iterable`` as a keyword argument to " +":func:`enumerate` again. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15973 +msgid "" +":issue:`46528`: Replace several stack manipulation instructions " +"(``DUP_TOP``, ``DUP_TOP_TWO``, ``ROT_TWO``, ``ROT_THREE``, ``ROT_FOUR``, and" +" ``ROT_N``) with new :opcode:`COPY` and :opcode:`SWAP` instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15977 +msgid ":issue:`46329`: Use two or three bytecodes to implement most calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15979 +msgid "" +"Calls without named arguments are implemented as a sequence of two " +"instructions: ``PRECALL; CALL``. Calls with named arguments are implemented " +"as a sequence of three instructions: ``PRECALL; KW_NAMES; CALL``. There are " +"two different ``PRECALL`` instructions: ``PRECALL_FUNTION`` and " +"``PRECALL_METHOD``. The latter pairs with ``LOAD_METHOD``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15986 +msgid "" +"This partition into pre-call and call allows better specialization, and thus" +" better performance ultimately." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15991 +msgid "" +":issue:`46503`: Fix an assert when parsing some invalid \\N escape sequences" +" in f-strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15994 +msgid "" +":issue:`46431`: Improve error message on invalid calls to " +":meth:`BaseExceptionGroup.__new__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:15997 +msgid "" +":issue:`46476`: Fix memory leak in code objects generated by deepfreeze. " +"Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16000 +msgid "" +":issue:`46481`: Speed up calls to :meth:`weakref.ref.__call__` by using the " +":pep:`590` ``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16003 +msgid "" +":issue:`46417`: Fix a race condition on setting a type ``__bases__`` " +"attribute: the internal function ``add_subclass()`` now gets the " +"``PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses`` member after calling " +":c:func:`PyWeakref_NewRef` which can trigger a garbage collection which can " +"indirectly modify ``PyTypeObject.tp_subclasses``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16010 +msgid "" +":issue:`46417`: ``python -X showrefcount`` now shows the total reference " +"count after clearing and destroyed the main Python interpreter. Previously, " +"it was shown before. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16014 +msgid "" +":issue:`43683`: Add ASYNC_GEN_WRAP opcode to wrap the value to be yielded in" +" async generators. Removes the need to special case async generators in the " +"``YIELD_VALUE`` instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16018 +msgid "" +":issue:`46407`: Optimize some modulo operations in ``Objects/longobject.c``." +" Patch by Jeremiah Vivian." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16021 +msgid "" +":issue:`46409`: Add new ``RETURN_GENERATOR`` bytecode to make generators. " +"Simplifies calling Python functions in the VM, as they no longer any need to" +" special case generator functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16025 +msgid "" +"Also add ``JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT`` bytecode that acts like ``JUMP_ABSOLUTE``, " +"but does not check for interrupts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16028 +msgid "" +":issue:`46406`: The integer division ``//`` implementation has been " +"optimized to better let the compiler understand its constraints. It can be " +"20% faster on the amd64 platform when dividing an int by a value smaller " +"than ``2**30``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16033 +msgid "" +":issue:`46383`: Fix invalid signature of ``_zoneinfo``'s ``module_free`` " +"function to resolve a crash on wasm32-emscripten platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16036 +msgid "" +":issue:`46361`: Ensure that \"small\" integers created by " +":meth:`int.from_bytes` and :class:`decimal.Decimal` are properly cached." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16039 +msgid "" +":issue:`46161`: Fix the class building error when the arguments are " +"constants and CALL_FUNCTION_EX is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16042 +msgid "" +":issue:`46028`: Fixes calculation of :data:`sys._base_executable` when " +"inside a virtual environment that uses symlinks with different binary names " +"than the base environment provides." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16046 +msgid "" +":issue:`46091`: Correctly calculate indentation levels for lines with " +"whitespace character that are ended by line continuation characters. Patch " +"by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16050 +msgid ":issue:`30512`: Add CAN Socket support for NetBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16054 +msgid "" +":issue:`44024`: Improve the :exc:`TypeError` message for non-string second " +"arguments passed to the built-in functions :func:`getattr` and " +":func:`hasattr`. Patch by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16061 +msgid "" +":issue:`46624`: Restore support for non-integer arguments of " +":func:`random.randrange` and :func:`random.randint`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16064 +msgid "" +":issue:`46591`: Make the IDLE doc URL on the About IDLE dialog clickable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16066 +msgid "" +":issue:`46565`: Remove loop variables that are leaking into modules' " +"namespaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16069 +msgid "" +":issue:`46553`: In :func:`typing.get_type_hints`, support evaluating bare " +"stringified ``ClassVar`` annotations. Patch by Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16072 +msgid "" +":issue:`46544`: Don't leak ``x`` & ``uspace`` intermediate vars in " +":class:`textwrap.TextWrapper`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16075 +msgid "" +":issue:`46487`: Add the ``get_write_buffer_limits`` method to " +":class:`asyncio.transports.WriteTransport` and to the SSL transport." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16078 +msgid "" +":issue:`45173`: Note the configparser deprecations will be removed in Python" +" 3.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16081 +msgid "" +":issue:`45162`: The deprecated :mod:`unittest` APIs removed in 3.11a1 have " +"been temporarily restored to be removed in 3.12 while cleanups in external " +"projects go in." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16085 +msgid "" +":issue:`46539`: In :func:`typing.get_type_hints`, support evaluating " +"stringified ``ClassVar`` and ``Final`` annotations inside ``Annotated``. " +"Patch by Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16089 +msgid "" +":issue:`46510`: Add missing test for :class:`types.TracebackType` and " +":class:`types.FrameType`. Calculate them directly from the caught exception " +"without calling :func:`sys.exc_info`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16093 +msgid "" +":issue:`46491`: Allow :data:`typing.Annotated` to wrap :data:`typing.Final` " +"and :data:`typing.ClassVar`. Patch by Gregory Beauregard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16096 +msgid "" +":issue:`46483`: Remove :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` from " +":class:`pathlib.PurePath` as this class was not supposed to be generic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16099 +msgid "" +":issue:`46436`: Fix command-line option ``-d``/``--directory`` in module " +":mod:`http.server` which is ignored when combined with command-line option " +"``--cgi``. Patch by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16103 +msgid "" +":issue:`41403`: Make :meth:`mock.patch` raise a :exc:`TypeError` with a " +"relevant error message on invalid arg. Previously it allowed a cryptic " +":exc:`AttributeError` to escape." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16107 +msgid "" +":issue:`46474`: In ``importlib.metadata.EntryPoint.pattern``, avoid " +"potential REDoS by limiting ambiguity in consecutive whitespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16110 +msgid "" +":issue:`46474`: Removed private method from ``importlib.metadata.Path``. " +"Sync with importlib_metadata 4.10.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16113 +msgid "" +":issue:`46470`: Remove unused branch from ``typing._remove_dups_flatten``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16115 +msgid "" +":issue:`46469`: :mod:`asyncio` generic classes now return " +":class:`types.GenericAlias` in ``__class_getitem__`` instead of the same " +"class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16119 +msgid "" +":issue:`41906`: Support passing filter instances in the ``filters`` values " +"of ``handlers`` and ``loggers`` in the dictionary passed to " +":func:`logging.config.dictConfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16123 +msgid "" +":issue:`46422`: Use ``dis.Positions`` in ``dis.Instruction`` instead of a " +"regular ``tuple``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16126 +msgid "" +":issue:`46434`: :mod:`pdb` now gracefully handles ``help`` when " +":attr:`~module.__doc__` is missing, for example when run with pregenerated " +"optimized ``.pyc`` files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16130 +msgid "" +":issue:`43869`: Python uses the same time Epoch on all platforms. Add an " +"explicit unit test to ensure that it's the case. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16133 +msgid "" +":issue:`46414`: Add :func:`typing.reveal_type`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16135 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: :mod:`subprocess` now imports Windows-specific imports when " +"``msvcrt`` module is available, and POSIX-specific imports on all other " +"platforms. This gives a clean exception when ``_posixsubprocess`` is not " +"available (e.g. Emscripten browser target)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16140 +msgid "" +":issue:`40066`: ``IntEnum``, ``IntFlag``, and ``StrEnum`` use the mixed-in " +"type for their ``str()`` and ``format()`` output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16143 +msgid "" +":issue:`46316`: Optimize :meth:`pathlib.Path.iterdir` by removing an " +"unnecessary check for special entries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16146 +msgid "" +":issue:`29688`: Document :meth:`pathlib.Path.absolute` (which has always " +"existed)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16149 +msgid "" +":issue:`43012`: The pathlib module's obsolete and internal ``_Accessor`` " +"class has been removed to prepare the terrain for upcoming enhancements to " +"the module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16153 +msgid "" +":issue:`46258`: Speed up :func:`math.isqrt` for small positive integers by " +"replacing two division steps with a lookup table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16156 +msgid "" +":issue:`46242`: Improve error message when creating a new :class:`enum.Enum`" +" type subclassing an existing ``Enum`` with ``_member_names_`` using " +":meth:`enum.Enum.__call__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16160 +msgid "" +":issue:`43118`: Fix a bug in :func:`inspect.signature` that was causing it " +"to fail on some subclasses of classes with a ``__text_signature__`` " +"referencing module globals. Patch by Weipeng Hong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16164 +msgid "" +":issue:`26552`: Fixed case where failing :func:`asyncio.ensure_future` did " +"not close the coroutine. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16167 +msgid "" +":issue:`21987`: Fix an issue with :meth:`tarfile.TarFile.getmember` getting " +"a directory name with a trailing slash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16170 +msgid "" +":issue:`46124`: Update :mod:`zoneinfo` to rely on importlib.resources " +"traversable API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16173 +msgid "" +":issue:`46103`: Now :func:`inspect.getmembers` only gets :attr:`__bases__` " +"attribute from class type. Patch by Weipeng Hong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16176 +msgid "" +":issue:`46080`: Fix exception in argparse help text generation if a " +":class:`argparse.BooleanOptionalAction` argument's default is " +"``argparse.SUPPRESS`` and it has ``help`` specified. Patch by Felix " +"Fontein." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16181 +msgid "" +":issue:`44791`: Fix substitution of :class:`~typing.ParamSpec` in " +":data:`~typing.Concatenate` with different parameter expressions. " +"Substitution with a list of types returns now a tuple of types. Substitution" +" with ``Concatenate`` returns now a ``Concatenate`` with concatenated lists " +"of arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16190 +msgid "" +":issue:`46463`: Fixes :file:`escape4chm.py` script used when building the " +"CHM documentation file" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16196 +msgid "" +":issue:`43478`: Mocks can no longer be provided as the specs for other " +"Mocks. As a result, an already-mocked object cannot be passed to " +"``mock.Mock()``. This can uncover bugs in tests since these Mock-derived " +"Mocks will always pass certain tests (e.g. isinstance) and builtin assert " +"functions (e.g. assert_called_once_with) will unconditionally pass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16202 +msgid "" +":issue:`46616`: Ensures ``test_importlib.test_windows`` cleans up registry " +"keys after completion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16205 +msgid "" +":issue:`44359`: test_ftplib now silently ignores socket errors to prevent " +"logging unhandled threading exceptions. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16208 +msgid "" +":issue:`46600`: Fix test_gdb.test_pycfunction() for Python built with " +"``clang -Og``. Tolerate inlined functions in the gdb traceback. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16212 +msgid "" +":issue:`46542`: Fix a Python crash in test_lib2to3 when using Python built " +"in debug mode: limit the recursion limit. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16215 +msgid "" +":issue:`46576`: test_peg_generator now disables compiler optimization when " +"testing compilation of its own C extensions to significantly speed up the " +"testing on non-debug builds of CPython." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16219 +msgid "" +":issue:`46542`: Fix ``test_json`` tests checking for :exc:`RecursionError`: " +"modify these tests to use ``support.infinite_recursion()``. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16223 +msgid "" +":issue:`13886`: Skip test_builtin PTY tests on non-ASCII characters if the " +"readline module is loaded. The readline module changes input() behavior, but" +" test_builtin is not intended to test the readline module. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16228 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Add :func:`test.support.requires_fork` decorators to mark " +"tests that require a working :func:`os.fork`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16231 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Add :func:`test.support.requires_subprocess` decorator to " +"mark tests which require working :mod:`subprocess` module or ``os.spawn*``. " +"The wasm32-emscripten platform has no support for processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16235 +msgid ":issue:`46126`: Disable 'descriptions' when running tests internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16240 +msgid "" +":issue:`46602`: Tidied up configure.ac so that conftest.c is truncated " +"rather than appended. This assists in the case where the 'rm' of conftest.c " +"fails to happen between tests. Downstream issues such as a clobbered SOABI " +"can result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16245 +msgid "" +":issue:`46600`: Fix the test checking if the C compiler supports ``-Og`` " +"option in the ``./configure`` script to also use ``-Og`` on clang which " +"supports it. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16249 +msgid "" +":issue:`38472`: Fix GCC detection in setup.py when cross-compiling. The C " +"compiler is now run with LC_ALL=C. Previously, the detection failed with a " +"German locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16253 +msgid "" +":issue:`46513`: :program:`configure` no longer uses ``AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED`` " +"macro and ``pyconfig.h`` no longer defines reserved symbol " +"``__CHAR_UNSIGNED__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16257 +msgid "" +":issue:`46471`: Use global singletons for single byte bytes objects in " +"deepfreeze." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16260 +msgid "" +":issue:`46443`: Deepfreeze now uses cached small integers as it saves some " +"space for common small integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16263 +msgid "" +":issue:`46429`: Merge all deep-frozen files into one for space savings. " +"Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16266 +msgid "" +":issue:`45569`: The build now defaults to using 30-bit digits for Python " +"integers. Previously either 15-bit or 30-bit digits would be selected, " +"depending on the platform. 15-bit digits may still be selected using the " +"``--enable-big-digits=15`` option to the ``configure`` script, or by " +"defining ``PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT`` in ``pyconfig.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16272 +msgid ":issue:`45925`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.37.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16274 +msgid "" +":issue:`43112`: Detect musl libc as a separate SOABI (tagged as ``linux-" +"musl``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16280 +msgid "" +":issue:`33125`: The traditional EXE/MSI based installer for Windows is now " +"available for ARM64" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16283 +msgid "" +":issue:`46362`: os.path.abspath(\"C:\\CON\") is now fixed to return " +"\"\\\\.\\CON\", not the same path. The regression was true of all legacy DOS" +" devices such as COM1, LPT1, or NUL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16287 +msgid "" +":issue:`44934`: The installer now offers a command-line only option to add " +"the installation directory to the end of :envvar:`PATH` instead of at the " +"start." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16294 +msgid ":issue:`45925`: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.37.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16299 +msgid "" +":issue:`45296`: Clarify close, quit, and exit in IDLE. In the File menu, " +"'Close' and 'Exit' are now 'Close Window' (the current one) and 'Exit' is " +"now 'Exit IDLE' (by closing all windows). In Shell, 'quit()' and 'exit()' " +"mean 'close Shell'. If there are no other windows, this also exits IDLE." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16307 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Remove the ``PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS()`` macro. It was " +"exposed in the public C API by mistake, it must only be used by Python " +"internally. Use the ``PyTypeObject.tp_members`` member instead. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16312 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Move _Py_GetAllocatedBlocks() and " +"_PyObject_DebugMallocStats() private functions to the internal C API. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16315 +msgid "" +":issue:`46433`: The internal function _PyType_GetModuleByDef now correctly " +"handles inheritance patterns involving static types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16318 +msgid "" +":issue:`45459`: :c:type:`Py_buffer` and various ``Py_buffer`` related " +"functions are now part of the limited API and stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16321 +msgid "" +":issue:`14916`: Fixed bug in the tokenizer that prevented " +"``PyRun_InteractiveOne`` from parsing from the provided FD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16326 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16328 +msgid "*Release date: 2022-01-13*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16333 +msgid "" +":issue:`46070`: :c:func:`Py_EndInterpreter` now explicitly untracks all " +"objects currently tracked by the GC. Previously, if an object was used later" +" by another interpreter, calling :c:func:`PyObject_GC_UnTrack` on the object" +" crashed if the previous or the next object of the :c:type:`!PyGC_Head` " +"structure became a dangling pointer. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16339 +msgid ":issue:`46347`: Fix memory leak in PyEval_EvalCodeEx." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16341 +msgid "" +":issue:`46339`: Fix a crash in the parser when retrieving the error text for" +" multi-line f-strings expressions that do not start in the first line of the" +" string. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16345 +msgid "" +":issue:`46331`: Do not set line number of instruction storing doc-string. " +"Fixes regression introduced in 3.11 alpha." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16348 +msgid "" +":issue:`46314`: Remove spurious \"call\" event when creating a lambda " +"function that was accidentally introduced in 3.11a4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16351 +msgid "" +":issue:`46289`: ASDL declaration of ``FormattedValue`` has changed to " +"reflect ``conversion`` field is not optional." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16354 +msgid "" +":issue:`46297`: Fixed an interpreter crash on bootup with multiple " +"PythonPaths set in the Windows registry. Patch by Derzsi Dániel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16357 +msgid "" +":issue:`46237`: Fix the line number of tokenizer errors inside f-strings. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16360 +msgid "" +":issue:`46263`: We always expect the \"use_frozen_modules\" config to be " +"set, now that getpath.c was rewritten in pure Python and the logic improved." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16363 +msgid "" +":issue:`46006`: Fix a regression when a type method like ``__init__()`` is " +"modified in a subinterpreter. Fix a regression in " +"``_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId()`` and type ``update_slot()``. Revert the " +"change which made the Unicode dictionary of interned strings compatible with" +" subinterpreters: the internal interned dictionary is shared again by all " +"interpreters. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16370 +msgid "" +":issue:`45923`: Add RESUME opcode. This is a logical no-op. It is emitted by" +" the compiler anywhere a Python function can be entered. It is used by the " +"interpreter to perform tracing and optimizer checks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16374 +msgid "" +":issue:`46208`: Fix the regression of os.path.normpath(\"A/../../B\") not " +"returning expected \"../B\" but \"B\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16377 +msgid "" +":issue:`46240`: Correct the error message for unclosed parentheses when the " +"tokenizer doesn't reach the end of the source when the error is reported. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16381 +msgid ":issue:`46009`: Remove the ``GEN_START`` opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16383 +msgid "" +":issue:`46235`: Certain sequence multiplication operations like ``[0] * " +"1_000`` are now faster due to reference-counting optimizations. Patch by " +"Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16387 +msgid "" +":issue:`46221`: :opcode:`!PREP_RERAISE_STAR` no longer pushes ``lasti`` to " +"the stack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16390 +msgid "" +":issue:`46202`: Remove :opcode:`!POP_EXCEPT_AND_RERAISE` and replace it by " +"an equivalent sequence of other opcodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16393 +msgid ":issue:`46085`: Fix iterator cache mechanism of :class:`OrderedDict`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16395 +msgid "" +":issue:`46055`: Speed up shifting operation involving integers less than " +":c:macro:`PyLong_BASE`. Patch by Xinhang Xu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16398 +msgid "" +":issue:`46110`: Add a maximum recursion check to the PEG parser to avoid " +"stack overflow. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16401 +msgid "" +":issue:`46107`: Fix bug where :meth:`ExceptionGroup.split` and " +":meth:`ExceptionGroup.subgroup` did not copy the exception group's " +"``__note__`` field to the parts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16405 +msgid "" +":issue:`45711`: The interpreter state's representation of handled exceptions" +" (a.k.a exc_info, or _PyErr_StackItem) now has only the ``exc_value`` field," +" ``exc_type`` and ``exc_traceback`` have been removed as their values can be" +" derived from ``exc_value``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16410 +msgid "" +":issue:`44525`: Replace the four call bytecode instructions which one pre-" +"call instruction and two call instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16413 +msgid "" +"Removes ``CALL_FUNCTION``, ``CALL_FUNCTION_KW``, ``CALL_METHOD`` and " +"``CALL_METHOD_KW``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16416 +msgid "" +"Adds ``CALL_NO_KW`` and ``CALL_KW`` call instructions, and " +"``PRECALL_METHOD`` prefix for pairing with ``LOAD_METHOD``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16419 +msgid "" +":issue:`46039`: Remove the ``YIELD_FROM`` instruction and replace it with " +"the ``SEND`` instruction which performs the same operation, but without the " +"loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16423 +msgid "" +":issue:`45635`: The code called from :c:func:`!_PyErr_Display` was " +"refactored to improve error handling. It now exits immediately upon an " +"unrecoverable error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16427 +msgid "" +":issue:`46054`: Fix parser error when parsing non-utf8 characters in source " +"files. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16430 +msgid "" +":issue:`46042`: Improve the location of the caret in :exc:`SyntaxError` " +"exceptions emitted by the symbol table. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16433 +msgid "" +":issue:`46049`: Ensure :file:`._pth` files work as intended on platforms " +"other than Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16436 +msgid "" +":issue:`46048`: Fixes parsing of :file:`._pth` files on startup so that " +"single-character paths are correctly read." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16439 +msgid "" +":issue:`37971`: Fix a bug where the line numbers given in a traceback when a" +" decorator application raised an exception were wrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16442 +msgid "" +":issue:`46031`: Add :opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE` and " +":opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_NONE` opcodes to speed up conditional jumps." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16445 +msgid ":issue:`45654`: Deepfreeze :mod:`runpy`, patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16447 +msgid "" +":issue:`46025`: Fix a crash in the :mod:`atexit` module involving functions " +"that unregister themselves before raising exceptions. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16451 +msgid "" +":issue:`46000`: Improve compatibility of the :mod:`curses` module with " +"NetBSD curses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16454 +msgid "" +":issue:`44525`: Specialize the CALL_FUNCTION instruction for calls to " +"builtin types with a single argument. Speeds up ``range(x)``, ``list(x)``, " +"and specifically ``type(obj)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16458 +msgid "" +":issue:`42918`: Fix bug where the built-in :func:`compile` function did not " +"always raise a :exc:`SyntaxError` when passed multiple statements in " +"'single' mode. Patch by Weipeng Hong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16462 +msgid "" +":issue:`45953`: The main interpreter in _PyRuntimeState.interpreters is now " +"statically allocated (as part of _PyRuntime). Likewise for the initial " +"thread state of each interpreter. This means less allocation during runtime" +" init, as well as better memory locality for these key state objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16468 +msgid "" +":issue:`45292`: Complete the :pep:`654` implementation: add ``except*``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16470 +msgid "" +":issue:`43413`: Revert changes in ``set.__init__``. Subclass of :class:`set`" +" needs to define a ``__init__()`` method if it defines a ``__new__()`` " +"method with additional keyword parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16474 +msgid "" +":issue:`43931`: Added the :c:data:`Py_Version` constant which bears the same" +" value as :c:macro:`PY_VERSION_HEX`. Patch by Gabriele N. Tornetta." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16480 +msgid "" +":issue:`46342`: The ``@typing.final`` decorator now sets the ``__final__`` " +"attribute on the decorated object to allow runtime introspection. Patch by " +"Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16484 +msgid "" +":issue:`46328`: Added the :meth:`sys.exception` method which returns the " +"active exception instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16487 +msgid "" +":issue:`46307`: Add :meth:`string.Template.is_valid` and " +":meth:`string.Template.get_identifiers` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16490 +msgid "" +":issue:`46306`: Assume that :class:`types.CodeType` always has " +":attr:`types.CodeType.co_firstlineno` in :mod:`doctest`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16493 +msgid "" +":issue:`40479`: Fix :mod:`hashlib` *usedforsecurity* option to work " +"correctly with OpenSSL 3.0.0 in FIPS mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16496 +msgid "" +":issue:`46070`: Fix possible segfault when importing the :mod:`asyncio` " +"module from different sub-interpreters in parallel. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16499 +msgid "" +":issue:`46244`: Removed ``__slots__`` from :class:`typing.ParamSpec` and " +":class:`typing.TypeVar`. They served no purpose. Patch by Arie Bovenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16502 +msgid "" +":issue:`46278`: Reflect ``context`` argument in " +"``AbstractEventLoop.call_*()`` methods. Loop implementations already support" +" it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16505 +msgid "" +":issue:`46269`: Remove special-casing of ``__new__`` in " +":meth:`enum.Enum.__dir__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16508 +msgid ":issue:`46266`: Improve day constants in :mod:`calendar`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16510 +msgid "" +"Now all constants (``MONDAY`` ... ``SUNDAY``) are documented, tested, and " +"added to ``__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16513 +msgid "" +":issue:`46257`: Optimized the mean, variance, and stdev functions in the " +"statistics module. If the input is an iterator, it is consumed in a single " +"pass rather than eating memory by conversion to a list. The single pass " +"algorithm is about twice as fast as the previous two pass code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16518 +msgid "" +":issue:`41011`: Added two new variables to *pyvenv.cfg* which is generated " +"by :mod:`venv` module: *executable* for the executable and *command* for the" +" command line used to create the environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16522 +msgid "" +":issue:`46239`: Improve error message when importing " +":mod:`asyncio.windows_events` on non-Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16525 +msgid "" +":issue:`46238`: Reuse ``_winapi`` constants in ``asyncio.windows_events``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16527 +msgid "" +":issue:`46222`: Adding ``SF_NOCACHE`` sendfile constant for FreeBSD for the " +"posixmodule." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16530 +msgid "" +":issue:`37295`: Add fast path for ``0 <= k <= n <= 67`` for " +":func:`math.comb`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16532 +msgid ":issue:`46176`: Adding the ``MAP_STACK`` constant for the mmap module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16534 +msgid "" +":issue:`43424`: Deprecate :attr:`webbrowser.MacOSXOSAScript._name` and use " +"``name`` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16537 +msgid "" +":issue:`45321`: Added missing error codes to module " +"``xml.parsers.expat.errors``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16540 +msgid "" +":issue:`46125`: Refactor tests to test traversable API directly. Includes " +"changes from importlib 5.4.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16543 +msgid "" +":issue:`46118`: Moved importlib.resources and its related functionality to a" +" package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16546 +msgid "" +":issue:`37578`: Add *include_hidden* parameter to :func:`~glob.glob` and " +":func:`~glob.iglob` to match hidden files and directories when using special" +" characters like ``*``, ``**``, ``?`` and ``[]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16550 +msgid "" +":issue:`20369`: :func:`concurrent.futures.wait` no longer blocks forever " +"when given duplicate Futures. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16553 +msgid "" +":issue:`46105`: Honor spec when generating requirement specs with urls and " +"extras (importlib_metadata 4.8.3)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16556 +msgid "" +":issue:`44893`: EntryPoint objects are no longer tuples. Recommended means " +"to access is by attribute ('.name', '.group') or accessor ('.load()'). " +"Access by index is deprecated and will raise deprecation warning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16560 +msgid "" +":issue:`22815`: Print unexpected successes together with failures and errors" +" in summary in :class:`unittest.TextTestResult`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16563 +msgid "" +":issue:`22047`: Calling :meth:`add_argument_group` on an argument group is " +"deprecated. Calling :meth:`add_argument_group` or " +":meth:`add_mutually_exclusive_group` on a mutually exclusive group is " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16568 +msgid "" +"These features were never supported and do not always work correctly. The " +"functions exist on the API by accident through inheritance and will be " +"removed in the future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16572 +msgid "" +":issue:`26952`: :mod:`argparse` raises :exc:`ValueError` with clear message " +"when trying to render usage for an empty mutually exclusive group. " +"Previously it raised a cryptic :exc:`IndexError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16576 +msgid "" +":issue:`45615`: Functions in the :mod:`traceback` module raise " +":exc:`TypeError` rather than :exc:`AttributeError` when an exception " +"argument is not of type :exc:`BaseException`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16580 +msgid ":issue:`16594`: Add allow allow_reuse_port flag in socketserver." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16582 +msgid "" +":issue:`27718`: Fix help for the :mod:`signal` module. Some functions (e.g. " +"``signal()`` and ``getsignal()``) were omitted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16585 +msgid "" +":issue:`46032`: The ``registry()`` method of " +":func:`functools.singledispatch` functions checks now the first argument or " +"the first parameter annotation and raises a TypeError if it is not " +"supported. Previously unsupported \"types\" were ignored (e.g. " +"``typing.List[int]``) or caused an error at calling time (e.g. " +"``list[int]``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16591 +msgid "" +":issue:`46014`: Add ability to use ``typing.Union`` and ``types.UnionType`` " +"as dispatch argument to ``functools.singledispatch``. Patch provided by " +"Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16595 +msgid "" +":issue:`27062`: Add :attr:`__all__` to :mod:`inspect`, patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16597 +msgid "" +":issue:`46018`: Ensure that :func:`math.expm1` does not raise on underflow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16599 +msgid "" +":issue:`46016`: Adding :const:`!F_DUP2FD` and :const:`!F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC` " +"constants from FreeBSD into the :mod:`fcntl` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16602 +msgid "" +":issue:`45755`: :mod:`typing` generic aliases now reveal the class " +"attributes of the original generic class when passed to ``dir()``. This was " +"the behavior up to Python 3.6, but was changed in 3.7-3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16606 +msgid "" +":issue:`45874`: The empty query string, consisting of no query arguments, is" +" now handled correctly in ``urllib.parse.parse_qsl``. This caused problems " +"before when strict parsing was enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16610 +msgid "" +":issue:`44674`: Change how dataclasses disallows mutable default values. It" +" used to use a list of known types (list, dict, set). Now it disallows " +"unhashable objects to be defaults. It's using unhashability as a proxy for " +"mutability. Patch by Eric V. Smith, idea by Raymond Hettinger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16615 +msgid "" +":issue:`23882`: Remove namespace package (PEP 420) support from unittest " +"discovery. It was introduced in Python 3.4 but has been broken since Python " +"3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16619 +msgid "" +":issue:`25066`: Added a :meth:`__repr__` method to " +":class:`multiprocessing.Event` objects, patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16622 +msgid "" +":issue:`45643`: Added :const:`signal.SIGSTKFLT` on platforms where this " +"signal is defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16625 +msgid "" +":issue:`44092`: Fetch across rollback no longer raises " +":exc:`~sqlite3.InterfaceError`. Instead we leave it to the SQLite library to" +" handle these cases. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16629 +msgid "" +":issue:`42413`: Replace ``concurrent.futures.TimeoutError`` and " +"``asyncio.TimeoutError`` with builtin :exc:`TimeoutError`, keep these names " +"as deprecated aliases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16636 +msgid ":issue:`46196`: Document method :meth:`cmd.Cmd.columnize`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16638 +msgid "" +":issue:`46120`: State that ``|`` is preferred for readability over ``Union``" +" in the :mod:`typing` docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16641 +msgid "" +":issue:`46109`: Extracted ``importlib.resources`` and " +"``importlib.resources.abc`` documentation into separate files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16644 +msgid "" +":issue:`19737`: Update the documentation for the :func:`globals` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16649 +msgid "" +":issue:`46296`: Add a test case for :mod:`enum` with ``_use_args_ == True`` " +"and ``_member_type_ == object``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16652 +msgid ":issue:`46205`: Fix hang in runtest_mp due to race condition" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16654 +msgid "" +":issue:`46263`: Fix test_capi on FreeBSD 14-dev: instruct jemalloc to not " +"fill freed memory with junk byte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16657 +msgid "" +":issue:`46262`: Cover ``ValueError`` path in tests for " +":meth:`enum.Flag._missing_`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16660 +msgid "" +":issue:`46150`: Now ``fakename`` in " +"``test_pathlib.PosixPathTest.test_expanduser`` is checked to be non-" +"existent." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16664 +msgid "" +":issue:`46129`: Rewrite ``asyncio.locks`` tests with " +":class:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` usage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16667 +msgid "" +":issue:`23819`: Fixed :mod:`asyncio` tests in python optimized mode. Patch " +"by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16670 +msgid "" +":issue:`46114`: Fix test case for OpenSSL 3.0.1 version. OpenSSL 3.0 uses " +"``0xMNN00PP0L``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16676 +msgid "" +":issue:`44133`: When Python is configured with :option:`--without-static-" +"libpython`, the Python static library (libpython.a) is no longer built. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16680 +msgid "" +":issue:`44133`: When Python is built without :option:`--enable-shared`, the " +"``python`` program is now linked to object files, rather than being linked " +"to the Python static library (libpython.a), to make sure that all symbols " +"are exported. Previously, the linker omitted some symbols like the " +":c:func:`Py_FrozenMain` function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16686 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: The ``configure`` script has a new option ``--with-" +"emscripten-target`` to select browser or node as Emscripten build target." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16690 +msgid "" +":issue:`46315`: Added and fixed ``#ifdef HAVE_FEATURE`` checks for " +"functionality that is not available on WASI platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16693 +msgid "" +":issue:`45723`: Fixed a regression in ``configure`` check for " +":func:`select.epoll`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16696 +msgid "" +":issue:`46263`: ``configure`` no longer sets ``MULTIARCH`` on FreeBSD " +"platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16699 +msgid "" +":issue:`46106`: Updated OpenSSL to 1.1.1m in Windows builds, macOS installer" +" builds, and CI. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16702 +msgid "" +":issue:`46088`: Automatically detect or install bootstrap Python runtime " +"when building from Visual Studio." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16705 +msgid "" +":issue:`46072`: Add a --with-pystats configure option to turn on internal " +"statistics gathering." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16708 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: A new directory ``Tools/wasm`` contains WebAssembly-related " +"helpers like ``config.site`` override for wasm32-emscripten, wasm assets " +"generator to bundle the stdlib, and a README." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16712 +msgid "" +":issue:`46023`: :program:`makesetup` no longer builds extensions that have " +"been marked as *disabled*. This allows users to disable modules in " +"``Modules/Setup.local``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16716 +msgid "" +":issue:`45949`: Use pure Python ``freeze_module`` for all but importlib " +"bootstrap files. ``--with-freeze-module`` :program:`configure` option is no " +"longer needed for cross builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16723 +msgid "" +":issue:`46217`: Removed parameter that is unsupported on Windows 8.1 and " +"early Windows 10 and may have caused build or runtime failures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16729 +msgid "" +":issue:`40477`: The Python Launcher app for macOS now properly launches " +"scripts and, if necessary, the Terminal app when running on recent macOS " +"releases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16735 +msgid "" +":issue:`46236`: Fix a bug in :c:func:`PyFunction_GetAnnotations` that caused" +" it to return a ``tuple`` instead of a ``dict``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16738 +msgid "" +":issue:`46140`: :c:func:`PyBuffer_GetPointer`, " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_FromContiguous`, :c:func:`PyBuffer_ToContiguous` and " +":c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromBuffer` now take buffer info by ``const Py_buffer " +"*`` instead of ``Py_buffer *``, as they do not need mutability. " +":c:func:`PyBuffer_FromContiguous` also now takes the source buffer as " +"``const void *``, and similarly :c:func:`PyBuffer_GetPointer` takes the " +"strides as ``const Py_ssize_t *``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16746 +msgid "" +":issue:`45855`: Document that the *no_block* argument to " +":c:func:`PyCapsule_Import` is a no-op now." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16749 +msgid "" +":issue:`45855`: Replaced deprecated usage of " +":c:func:`PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock` with :c:func:`PyImport_ImportModule` " +"in stdlib modules. Patch by Kumar Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16753 +msgid "" +":issue:`46007`: The :c:func:`!PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED` macro has been " +"excluded from the limited C API. It was never usable there, because it used " +"internal structures which are not available in the limited C API. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16760 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16762 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-12-08*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16767 +msgid "" +":issue:`46009`: Restore behavior from 3.9 and earlier when sending non-None " +"to newly started generator. In 3.9 this did not affect the state of the " +"generator. In 3.10.0 and 3.10.1 ``gen_func().send(0)`` is equivalent to " +"``gen_func().throw(TypeError(...)`` which exhausts the generator. In 3.10.2 " +"onward, the behavior has been reverted to that of 3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16773 +msgid "" +":issue:`46004`: Fix the :exc:`SyntaxError` location for errors involving for" +" loops with invalid targets. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16776 +msgid "" +":issue:`45711`: :c:func:`!_PyErr_ChainStackItem` no longer normalizes " +"``exc_info`` (including setting the traceback on the exception instance) " +"because ``exc_info`` is always normalized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16780 +msgid "" +":issue:`45607`: The ``__note__`` field was added to :exc:`BaseException`. It" +" is ``None`` by default but can be set to a string which is added to the " +"exception's traceback." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16784 +msgid "" +":issue:`45947`: Place pointers to dict and values immediately before GC " +"header. This reduces number of dependent memory loads to access either dict " +"or values from 3 to 1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16788 +msgid "" +":issue:`45915`: ``is_valid_fd`` now uses faster ``fcntl(fd, F_GETFD)`` on " +"Linux, macOS, and Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16791 +msgid "" +":issue:`44530`: Reverts a change to the ``code.__new__`` :ref:`audit event " +"` from an earlier prerelease." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16794 +msgid "" +":issue:`42268`: Fail the configure step if the selected compiler doesn't " +"support memory sanitizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16797 +msgid "" +":issue:`45711`: The three values of ``exc_info`` are now always consistent " +"with each other. In particular, the ``type`` and ``traceback`` fields are " +"now derived from the exception instance. This impacts the return values of " +":func:`sys.exc_info` and :c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo()` if the exception " +"instance is modified while the exception is handled, as well as " +":c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo()`, which now ignores the ``type`` and " +"``traceback`` arguments provided to it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16805 +msgid "" +":issue:`45727`: Refine the custom syntax error that suggests that a comma " +"may be missing to trigger only when the expressions are detected between " +"parentheses or brackets. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16809 +msgid "" +":issue:`45885`: Specialized the ``COMPARE_OP`` opcode using the PEP 659 " +"machinery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16812 +msgid "" +":issue:`45786`: Allocate space for the interpreter frame in the frame " +"object, to avoid an additional allocation when the frame object outlives the" +" frame activation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16816 +msgid "" +":issue:`45614`: Fix :mod:`traceback` display for exceptions with invalid " +"module name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16819 +msgid "" +":issue:`45813`: Fix crash when calling coro.cr_frame.clear() after coroutine" +" has been freed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16822 +msgid "" +":issue:`45811`: Improve the tokenizer errors when encountering invisible " +"control characters in the parser. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16825 +msgid "" +":issue:`45848`: Allow the parser to obtain error lines directly from encoded" +" files. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16828 +msgid "" +":issue:`45709`: Restore behavior from 3.10 when tracing an exception raised " +"within a with statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16831 +msgid "" +":issue:`44525`: Adds new :opcode:`COPY_FREE_VARS` opcode, to make copying of" +" free variables from function to frame explicit. Helps optimization of calls" +" to Python function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16835 +msgid "" +":issue:`45829`: Specialize :opcode:`BINARY_SUBSCR` for classes with a " +"``__getitem__`` method implemented in Python" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16838 +msgid "" +":issue:`45826`: Fixed a crash when calling ``.with_traceback(None)`` on " +"``NameError``. This occurs internally in " +"``unittest.TestCase.assertRaises()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16842 +msgid "" +":issue:`45822`: Fixed a bug in the parser that was causing it to not respect" +" :pep:`263` coding cookies when no flags are provided. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16846 +msgid "" +":issue:`45820`: Fix a segfault when the parser fails without reading any " +"input. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16849 +msgid "" +":issue:`45636`: Simplify the implementation of :opcode:`BINARY_OP` by " +"indexing into an array of function pointers (rather than switching on the " +"oparg)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16852 +msgid "" +":issue:`42540`: Fix crash when :func:`os.fork` is called with an active non-" +"default memory allocator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16855 +msgid "" +":issue:`45738`: Fix computation of error location for invalid continuation " +"characters in the parser. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16858 +msgid "" +":issue:`45636`: Remove an existing \"fast path\" for old-style string " +"formatting, since it no longer appears to have any measurable impact." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16861 +msgid "" +":issue:`45753`: Make recursion checks a bit more efficient by tracking " +"amount of calls left before overflow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16864 +msgid "" +":issue:`45773`: Fix a compiler hang when attempting to optimize certain jump" +" patterns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16867 +msgid "" +":issue:`45764`: The parser now gives a better error message when leaving out" +" the opening parenthesis ``(`` after a ``def``-statement::" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16870 +msgid "" +">>> def f:\n" +" File \"\", line 1\n" +" def f:\n" +" ^\n" +"SyntaxError: expected '('" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16876 +msgid "" +":issue:`45609`: Specialized the ``STORE_SUBSCR`` opcode using the PEP 659 " +"machinery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16879 +msgid "" +":issue:`45636`: Replace all numeric ``BINARY_*`` and ``INPLACE_*`` " +"instructions with a single :opcode:`BINARY_OP` implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16882 +msgid "" +":issue:`45582`: Path calculation (known as ``getpath``) has been " +"reimplemented as a frozen Python module. This should have no visible impact," +" but may affect calculation of all paths referenced in :mod:`sys` and " +":mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16887 +msgid "" +":issue:`45450`: Improve the syntax error message for parenthesized " +"arguments. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16893 +msgid "" +":issue:`27946`: Fix possible crash when getting an attribute of " +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` simultaneously with replacing the " +"``attrib`` dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16897 +msgid "" +":issue:`45711`: Make :mod:`asyncio` normalize exceptions as soon as they are" +" captured with :c:func:`PyErr_Fetch`, and before they are stored as an " +"exc_info triplet. This brings :mod:`asyncio` in line with the rest of the " +"codebase, where an exc_info triplet is always normalized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16902 +msgid "" +":issue:`23819`: Replaced asserts with exceptions in asyncio, patch by Kumar " +"Aditya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16905 +msgid "" +":issue:`13236`: :class:`unittest.TextTestResult` and " +":class:`unittest.TextTestRunner` flush now the output stream more often." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16908 +msgid "" +":issue:`45917`: Added :func:`math.exp2`:, which returns 2 raised to the " +"power of x." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16911 +msgid "" +":issue:`37658`: Fix issue when on certain conditions ``asyncio.wait_for()`` " +"may allow a coroutine to complete successfully, but fail to return the " +"result, potentially causing memory leaks or other issues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16915 +msgid "" +":issue:`45876`: Improve the accuracy of stdev() and pstdev() in the " +"statistics module. When the inputs are floats or fractions, the output is a" +" correctly rounded float" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16919 +msgid "" +":issue:`44649`: Handle dataclass(slots=True) with a field that has default a" +" default value, but for which init=False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16922 +msgid "" +":issue:`45803`: Added missing kw_only parameter to " +"dataclasses.make_dataclass()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16925 +msgid "" +":issue:`45837`: The :meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` is deprecated " +"since Python 3.1, it now emits a deprecation warning and will be removed in " +"Python 3.13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16929 +msgid "Use :meth:`turtle.RawTurtle.tiltangle` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16931 +msgid "" +":meth:`turtle.RawTurtle.tiltangle` was earlier incorrectly marked as " +"deprecated, its docstring has been corrected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16936 +msgid "" +":issue:`45831`: :mod:`faulthandler` can now write ASCII-only strings (like " +"filenames and function names) with a single write() syscall when dumping a " +"traceback. It reduces the risk of getting an unreadable dump when two " +"threads or two processes dump a traceback to the same file (like stderr) at " +"the same time. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16942 +msgid "" +":issue:`45828`: :mod:`sqlite` C callbacks now use unraisable exceptions if " +"callback tracebacks are enabled. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16945 +msgid "" +":issue:`41735`: Fix thread lock in ``zlib.Decompress.flush()`` method before" +" ``PyObject_GetBuffer``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16948 +msgid "" +":issue:`45235`: Reverted an argparse bugfix that caused regression in the " +"handling of default arguments for subparsers. This prevented leaf level " +"arguments from taking precedence over root level arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16952 +msgid "" +":issue:`45754`: Fix a regression in Python 3.11a1 and 3.11a2 where " +":mod:`sqlite3` incorrectly would use ``SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH`` when checking " +"SQL statement lengths. Now, ``SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH`` is used. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16957 +msgid "" +":issue:`45766`: Added *proportional* option to " +":meth:`statistics.linear_regression`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16960 +msgid "" +":issue:`45765`: In importlib.metadata, fix distribution discovery for an " +"empty path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16963 +msgid "" +":issue:`45757`: Fix bug where :mod:`dis` produced an incorrect oparg when " +":opcode:`EXTENDED_ARG` is followed by an opcode that does not use its " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16967 +msgid "" +":issue:`45644`: In-place JSON file formatting using ``python3 -m json.tool " +"infile infile`` now works correctly, previously it left the file empty. " +"Patch by Chris Wesseling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16971 +msgid "" +":issue:`45703`: When a namespace package is imported before another module " +"from the same namespace is created/installed in a different :data:`sys.path`" +" location while the program is running, calling the " +":func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` function will now also guarantee the new" +" module is noticed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16977 +msgid ":issue:`45535`: Improve output of ``dir()`` with Enums." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16979 +msgid "" +":issue:`45664`: Fix :func:`types.resolve_bases` and :func:`types.new_class` " +"for :class:`types.GenericAlias` instance as a base." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16982 +msgid "" +":issue:`45663`: Fix :func:`dataclasses.is_dataclass` for dataclasses which " +"are subclasses of :class:`types.GenericAlias`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16985 +msgid "" +":issue:`45662`: Fix the repr of :data:`dataclasses.InitVar` with a type " +"alias to the built-in class, e.g. ``InitVar[list[int]]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16988 +msgid "" +":issue:`43137`: Launch GNOME web browsers via gio tool instead of obsolete " +"gvfs-open" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16991 +msgid "" +":issue:`45429`: On Windows, :func:`time.sleep` now uses a waitable timer " +"which supports high-resolution timers. Patch by Donghee Na and Eryk Sun." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16994 +msgid ":issue:`37295`: Optimize :func:`math.comb` and :func:`math.perm`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16996 +msgid "" +":issue:`45514`: Deprecated legacy functions in :mod:`importlib.resources`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:16998 +msgid "" +":issue:`45507`: Add tests for truncated/missing trailers in gzip.decompress " +"implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17001 +msgid "" +":issue:`45359`: Implement :pep:`585` for " +":class:`graphlib.TopologicalSorter`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17003 +msgid "" +":issue:`44733`: Add ``max_tasks_per_child`` to " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`. This allows users to " +"specify the maximum number of tasks a single process should execute before " +"the process needs to be restarted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17008 +msgid "" +":issue:`28806`: Improve netrc library. netrc file no longer needs to contain" +" all tokens. And if the login name is anonymous, security check is no longer" +" need." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17012 +msgid "" +":issue:`43498`: Avoid a possible *\"RuntimeError: dictionary changed size " +"during iteration\"* when adjusting the process count of " +":class:`ProcessPoolExecutor`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17016 +msgid "" +":issue:`42158`: Add MIME types for N-quads, N-triples, Notation3 and TriG to" +" ``mimetypes``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17019 +msgid "" +":issue:`30533`: Add :func:`inspect.getmembers_static` , it return all " +"members without triggering dynamic lookup via the descriptor protocol. Patch" +" by Weipeng Hong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17026 +msgid "" +":issue:`42238`: ``make -C Doc suspicious`` will be removed soon in favor of " +"``make -C Doc check``, mark it as deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17029 +msgid "" +":issue:`45840`: Improve cross-references in the documentation for the data " +"model." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17032 +msgid "" +":issue:`45640`: Properly marked-up grammar tokens in the documentation are " +"now clickable and take you to the definition of a given piece of grammar. " +"Patch by Arthur Milchior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17036 +msgid "" +":issue:`45788`: Link doc for sys.prefix to sysconfig doc on installation " +"paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17038 +msgid "" +":issue:`45772`: ``socket.socket`` documentation is corrected to a class from" +" a function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17041 +msgid "" +":issue:`45392`: Update the docstring of the :class:`type` built-in to remove" +" a redundant line and to mention keyword arguments for the constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17044 +msgid "" +":issue:`45250`: Update the documentation to note that CPython does not " +"consistently require iterators to define ``__iter__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17047 +msgid "" +":issue:`25381`: In the extending chapter of the extending doc, update a " +"paragraph about the global variables containing exception information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17050 +msgid "" +":issue:`43905`: Expanded :func:`~dataclasses.astuple` and " +":func:`~dataclasses.asdict` docs, warning about deepcopy being applied and " +"providing a workaround." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17057 +msgid "" +":issue:`45695`: Out-of-tree builds with a read-only source directory are now" +" tested by CI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17060 +msgid "" +":issue:`19460`: Add new Test for " +"``Lib/email/mime/nonmultipart.py::MIMENonMultipart``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17063 +msgid "" +":issue:`45835`: Fix race condition in test_queue tests with multiple " +"\"feeder\" threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17066 +msgid "" +":issue:`45783`: The test for the freeze tool now handles file moves and " +"deletions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17069 +msgid "" +":issue:`45745`: Remove the ``--findleaks`` command line option of regrtest: " +"use the ``--fail-env-changed`` option instead. Since Python 3.7, it was a " +"deprecated alias to the ``--fail-env-changed`` option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17073 +msgid "" +":issue:`45701`: Add tests with ``tuple`` type with " +":func:`functools.lru_cache` to ``test_functools``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17079 +msgid "" +":issue:`44035`: CI now verifies that autoconf files have been regenerated " +"with a current and unpatched autoconf package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17082 +msgid "" +":issue:`45950`: The build system now uses a :program:`_bootstrap_python` " +"interpreter for freezing and deepfreezing again. To speed up build process " +"the build tools :program:`_bootstrap_python` and :program:`_freeze_module` " +"are no longer build with LTO." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17087 +msgid "" +":issue:`45881`: The :program:`configure` script now accepts ``--with-build-" +"python`` and ``--with-freeze-module`` options to make cross compiling " +"easier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17091 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Emscripten platform now uses ``.wasm`` suffix by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17093 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: Disable unusable core extension modules on WASM/Emscripten " +"targets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17096 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: ``configure`` now checks for socket ``shutdown`` function. " +"The check makes it possible to disable ``SYS_shutdown`` with " +"``ac_cv_func_shutdown=no`` in CONFIG_SITE." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17100 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: ``configure`` now checks for functions ``fork1, getegid, " +"geteuid, getgid, getppid, getuid, opendir, pipe, system, wait, ttyname``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17103 +msgid "" +":issue:`33393`: Update ``config.guess`` to 2021-06-03 and ``config.sub`` to " +"2021-08-14. ``Makefile`` now has an ``update-config`` target to make " +"updating more convenient." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17107 +msgid "" +":issue:`45866`: ``make regen-all`` now produces the same output when run " +"from a directory other than the source tree: when building Python out of the" +" source tree. pegen now strips directory of the \"generated by pygen from " +"\" header Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17112 +msgid "" +":issue:`40280`: ``configure`` now accepts machine ``wasm32`` or ``wasm64`` " +"and OS ``wasi`` or ``emscripten`` for cross building, e.g. ``wasm32-unknown-" +"emscripten``, ``wasm32-wasi``, or ``wasm32-unknown-wasi``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17117 +msgid "" +":issue:`41498`: Python now compiles on platforms without ``sigset_t``. " +"Several functions in :mod:`signal` are not available when ``sigset_t`` is " +"missing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17120 +msgid "Based on patch by Roman Yurchak for pyodide." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17122 +msgid "" +":issue:`45881`: ``setup.py`` now uses ``CC`` from environment first to " +"discover multiarch and cross compile paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17125 +msgid "" +":issue:`45886`: The ``_freeze_module`` program path can now be overridden on" +" the command line, e.g. ``make " +"FREEZE_MODULE=../x86_64/Program/_freeze_module``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17129 +msgid "" +":issue:`45873`: Get rid of the ``_bootstrap_python`` build step. The " +"deepfreeze.py script is now run using ``$(PYTHON_FOR_REGEN)`` which can be " +"Python 3.7 or newer (on Windows, 3.8 or newer)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17133 +msgid "" +":issue:`45847`: Port builtin hashlib extensions to ``PY_STDLIB_MOD`` macro " +"and ``addext()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17136 +msgid "" +":issue:`45723`: Add ``autoconf`` helpers for saving and restoring " +"environment variables:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17139 +msgid "" +"``SAVE_ENV``: Save ``$CFLAGS``, ``$LDFLAGS``, ``$LIBS``, and ``$CPPFLAGS``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17141 +msgid "" +"``RESTORE_ENV``: Restore ``$CFLAGS``, ``$LDFLAGS``, ``$LIBS``, and " +"``$CPPFLAGS``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17143 +msgid "" +"``WITH_SAVE_ENV([SCRIPT])``: Run ``SCRIPT`` wrapped with ``SAVE_ENV`` and " +"``RESTORE_ENV``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17148 +msgid "" +":issue:`45573`: Mandatory core modules, that are required to bootstrap " +"Python, are now in ``Modules/Setup.bootstrap``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17151 +msgid "" +":issue:`45573`: ``configure`` now creates ``Modules/Setup.stdlib`` with " +"conditionally enabled/disabled extension module lines. The file is not used," +" yet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17155 +msgid "" +":issue:`45573`: ``configure`` now uses a unified format to set state, " +"compiler flags, and linker flags in Makefile. The new macro " +"``PY_STDLIB_MOD`` sets three variables that are consumed by " +"``Modules/Setup`` and ``setup.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17159 +msgid "" +":issue:`45816`: Python now supports building with Visual Studio 2022 (MSVC " +"v143, VS Version 17.0). Patch by Jeremiah Vivian." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17162 +msgid "" +":issue:`45800`: Settings for :mod:`pyexpat` C extension are now detected by " +"``configure``. The bundled ``expat`` library is built in ``Makefile``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17165 +msgid "" +":issue:`45798`: Settings for :mod:`decimal` internal C extension are now " +"detected by ``configure``. The bundled ``libmpdec`` library is built in " +"``Makefile``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17169 +msgid "" +":issue:`45723`: :program:`configure` has a new option ``--with-pkg-config`` " +"to disable or require pkg-config." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17172 +msgid "" +":issue:`45774`: The build dependencies for :mod:`sqlite3` are now detected " +"by ``configure`` and ``pkg-config``. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17175 +msgid "" +":issue:`45763`: The build dependencies for :mod:`zlib`, :mod:`bz2`, and " +":mod:`lzma` are now detected by ``configure``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17178 +msgid "" +":issue:`45747`: gdbm and dbm build dependencies are now detected by " +"``configure``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17181 +msgid "" +":issue:`45743`: On macOS, the build system no longer passes " +"``search_paths_first`` to the linker. The flag has been the default since " +"Xcode 4 / macOS 10.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17185 +msgid "" +":issue:`45723`: ``configure.ac`` is now compatible with autoconf 2.71. " +"Deprecated checks ``STDC_HEADERS`` and ``AC_HEADER_TIME`` have been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17189 +msgid "" +":issue:`45723`: ``configure`` now prints a warning when pkg-config is " +"missing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17191 +msgid "" +":issue:`45731`: ``configure --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions`` is now " +"handled by new ``PY_SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION`` macro instead of logic in" +" setup.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17195 +msgid "" +":issue:`45723`: configure.ac now uses custom helper macros and " +"``AC_CACHE_CHECK`` to simplify and speed up configure runs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17198 +msgid "" +":issue:`45696`: Skip the marshal step for frozen modules by generating C " +"code that produces a set of ready-to-use code objects. This speeds up " +"startup time by another 10% or more." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17202 +msgid ":issue:`45561`: Run smelly.py tool from $(srcdir)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17207 +msgid "" +":issue:`46105`: Fixed calculation of :data:`sys.path` in a venv on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17209 +msgid "" +":issue:`45901`: When installed through the Microsoft Store and set as the " +"default app for :file:`*.py` files, command line arguments will now be " +"passed to Python when invoking a script without explicitly launching Python " +"(that is, ``script.py args`` rather than ``python script.py args``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17215 +msgid "" +":issue:`45616`: Fix Python Launcher's ability to distinguish between " +"versions 3.1 and 3.10 when either one is explicitly requested. Previously, " +"3.1 would be used if 3.10 was requested but not installed, and 3.10 would be" +" used if 3.1 was requested but 3.10 was installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17220 +msgid "" +":issue:`45850`: Implement changes to build with deep-frozen modules on " +"Windows. Note that we now require Python 3.10 as the \"bootstrap\" or " +"\"host\" Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17223 +msgid ":issue:`45732`: Updates bundled Tcl/Tk to 8.6.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17225 +msgid "" +":issue:`45720`: Internal reference to :file:`shlwapi.dll` was dropped to " +"help improve startup time. This DLL will no longer be loaded at the start of" +" every Python process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17232 +msgid "" +":issue:`45732`: Update python.org macOS installer to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17237 +msgid "" +":issue:`39026`: Fix Python.h to build C extensions with Xcode: remove a " +"relative include from ``Include/cpython/pystate.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17242 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17244 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-11-05*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17249 +msgid "" +":issue:`45716`: Improve the :exc:`SyntaxError` message when using ``True``, " +"``None`` or ``False`` as keywords in a function call. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17253 +msgid "" +":issue:`45688`: :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names` now contains the macOS-" +"specific module :mod:`!_scproxy`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17256 +msgid "" +":issue:`45379`: Clarify :exc:`ImportError` message when we try to explicitly" +" import a frozen module but frozen modules are disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17259 +msgid "" +":issue:`44525`: Specialize simple calls to Python functions (no starargs, " +"keyword dict, or closure)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17262 +msgid "" +":issue:`45530`: Cases of sorting using tuples as keys may now be " +"significantly faster in some cases. Patch by Tim Peters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17265 +msgid "" +"The order of the result may differ from earlier releases if the tuple " +"elements don't define a total ordering (see :ref:`expressions-value-" +"comparisons` for information on total ordering). It's generally true that " +"the result of sorting simply isn't well-defined in the absence of a total " +"ordering on list elements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17271 +msgid "" +":issue:`45526`: In obmalloc, set ADDRESS_BITS to not ignore any bits " +"(ignored 16 before). That is safer in the case that the kernel gives user-" +"space virtual addresses that span a range greater than 48 bits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17275 +msgid "" +":issue:`30570`: Fixed a crash in ``issubclass()`` from infinite recursion " +"when searching pathological ``__bases__`` tuples." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17278 +msgid "" +":issue:`45521`: Fix a bug in the obmalloc radix tree code. On 64-bit " +"machines, the bug causes the tree to hold 46-bits of virtual addresses, " +"rather than the intended 48-bits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17282 +msgid "" +":issue:`45494`: Fix parser crash when reporting errors involving invalid " +"continuation characters. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17285 +msgid "" +":issue:`45445`: Python now fails to initialize if it finds an invalid " +":option:`-X` option in the command line. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17288 +msgid "" +":issue:`45340`: Object attributes are held in an array instead of a " +"dictionary. An object's dictionary are created lazily, only when needed. " +"Reduces the memory consumption of a typical Python object by about 30%. " +"Patch by Mark Shannon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17293 +msgid "" +":issue:`45408`: Fix a crash in the parser when reporting tokenizer errors " +"that occur at the same time unclosed parentheses are detected. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17297 +msgid "" +":issue:`29410`: Add SipHash13 for string hash algorithm and use it by " +"default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17299 +msgid "" +":issue:`45385`: Fix reference leak from descr_check. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17301 +msgid "" +":issue:`45367`: Specialized the ``BINARY_MULTIPLY`` opcode to " +"``BINARY_MULTIPLY_INT`` and ``BINARY_MULTIPLY_FLOAT`` using the PEP 659 " +"machinery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17305 +msgid "" +":issue:`21736`: Frozen stdlib modules now have ``__file__`` to the .py file " +"they would otherwise be loaded from, if possible. For packages, " +"``__path__`` now has the correct entry instead of being an empty list, which" +" allows unfrozen submodules to be imported. These are set only if the " +"stdlib directory is known when the runtime is initialized. Note that the " +"file at ``__file__`` is not guaranteed to exist. None of this affects non-" +"stdlib frozen modules nor, for now, frozen modules imported using " +"``PyImport_ImportFrozenModule()``. Also, at the moment ``co_filename`` is " +"not updated for the module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17315 +msgid "" +":issue:`45020`: For frozen stdlib modules, record the original module name " +"as ``module.__spec__.loader_state.origname``. If the value is different " +"than ``module.__spec__.name`` then the module was defined as an alias in " +"Tools/scripts/freeze_modules.py. If it is ``None`` then the module comes " +"from a source file outside the stdlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17321 +msgid "" +":issue:`45324`: In FrozenImporter.find_spec(), we now preserve the " +"information needed in exec_module() to load the module. This change mostly " +"impacts internal details, rather than changing the importer's behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17325 +msgid "" +":issue:`45292`: Implement :pep:`654`. Add :class:`ExceptionGroup` and " +":class:`BaseExceptionGroup`. Update traceback display code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17328 +msgid "" +":issue:`40116`: Change to the implementation of split dictionaries. Classes " +"where the instances differ either in the exact set of attributes, or in the " +"order in which those attributes are set, can still share keys. This should " +"have no observable effect on users of Python or the C-API. Patch by Mark " +"Shannon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17334 +msgid "" +":issue:`44050`: Extensions that indicate they use global state (by setting " +"``m_size`` to -1) can again be used in multiple interpreters. This reverts " +"to behavior of Python 3.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17338 +msgid "" +":issue:`44525`: Setup initial specialization infrastructure for the " +"``CALL_FUNCTION`` opcode. Implemented initial specializations for C function" +" calls:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17342 +msgid "``CALL_FUNCTION_BUILTIN_O`` for ``METH_O`` flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17344 +msgid "" +"``CALL_FUNCTION_BUILTIN_FAST`` for ``METH_FASTCALL`` flag without keywords." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17346 +msgid "``CALL_FUNCTION_LEN`` for ``len(o)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17348 +msgid "``CALL_FUNCTION_ISINSTANCE`` for ``isinstance(o, t)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17350 +msgid "" +":issue:`44511`: Improve the generated bytecode for class and mapping " +"patterns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17352 +msgid "" +":issue:`43706`: Speed up calls to ``enumerate()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17358 +msgid "" +":issue:`45679`: Fix caching of multi-value :data:`typing.Literal`. " +"``Literal[True, 2]`` is no longer equal to ``Literal[1, 2]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17361 +msgid "" +":issue:`42064`: Convert :mod:`sqlite3` to multi-phase initialisation (PEP " +"489). Patches by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17364 +msgid "" +":issue:`45438`: Fix typing.Signature string representation for generic " +"builtin types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17367 +msgid "" +":issue:`45613`: :mod:`sqlite3` now sets :attr:`sqlite3.threadsafety` based " +"on the default threading mode the underlying SQLite library has been " +"compiled with. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17371 +msgid ":issue:`45574`: Fix warning about ``print_escape`` being unused." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17373 +msgid "" +":issue:`45581`: :meth:`sqlite3.connect` now correctly raises " +":exc:`MemoryError` if the underlying SQLite API signals memory error. Patch " +"by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17377 +msgid "" +":issue:`45557`: :func:`pprint.pprint` now handles *underscore_numbers* " +"correctly. Previously it was always setting it to ``False``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17380 +msgid "" +":issue:`44019`: Add :func:`operator.call` to ``operator.__all__``. Patch by " +"Kreusada." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17383 +msgid "" +":issue:`42174`: :meth:`shutil.get_terminal_size` now falls back to sane " +"values if the column or line count are 0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17386 +msgid "" +":issue:`35673`: Improve the introspectability of the ``__loader__`` " +"attribute for namespace packages. " +":class:`importlib.machinery.NamespaceLoader` is now public, and implements " +"the :class:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader` interface. ``_NamespaceLoader`` is " +"kept for backward compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17391 +msgid "" +":issue:`45515`: Add references to :mod:`zoneinfo` in the :mod:`datetime` " +"documentation, mostly replacing outdated references to ``dateutil.tz``. " +"Change by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17395 +msgid "" +":issue:`45475`: Reverted optimization of iterating :class:`gzip.GzipFile`, " +":class:`bz2.BZ2File`, and :class:`lzma.LZMAFile` (see :issue:`43787`) " +"because it caused regression when user iterate them without having reference" +" of them. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17400 +msgid "" +":issue:`45489`: Update :class:`~typing.ForwardRef` to support ``|`` " +"operator. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17403 +msgid "" +":issue:`42222`: Removed deprecated support for float arguments in " +"*randrange()*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17406 +msgid "" +":issue:`45428`: Fix a regression in py_compile when reading filenames from " +"standard input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17409 +msgid "" +":issue:`45467`: Fix incremental decoder and stream reader in the \"raw-" +"unicode-escape\" codec. Previously they failed if the escape sequence was " +"split." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17413 +msgid "" +":issue:`45461`: Fix incremental decoder and stream reader in the \"unicode-" +"escape\" codec. Previously they failed if the escape sequence was split." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17417 +msgid "" +":issue:`45239`: Fixed :func:`email.utils.parsedate_tz` crashing with " +":exc:`UnboundLocalError` on certain invalid input instead of returning " +"``None``. Patch by Ben Hoyt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17421 +msgid "" +":issue:`45417`: Fix quadratic behaviour in the enum module: Creation of enum" +" classes with a lot of entries was quadratic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17424 +msgid "" +":issue:`45249`: Fix the behaviour of :func:`traceback.print_exc` when " +"displaying the caret when the ``end_offset`` in the exception is set to 0. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17428 +msgid "" +":issue:`45416`: Fix use of :class:`asyncio.Condition` with explicit " +":class:`asyncio.Lock` objects, which was a regression due to removal of " +"explicit loop arguments. Patch by Joongi Kim." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17432 +msgid "" +":issue:`20028`: Empty escapechar/quotechar is not allowed when initializing " +":class:`csv.Dialect`. Patch by Vajrasky Kok and Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17435 +msgid "" +":issue:`44904`: Fix bug in the :mod:`doctest` module that caused it to fail " +"if a docstring included an example with a ``classmethod`` ``property``. " +"Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17439 +msgid "" +":issue:`45406`: Make :func:`inspect.getmodule` catch ``FileNotFoundError`` " +"raised by :func:`inspect.getabsfile`, and return ``None`` to indicate that " +"the module could not be determined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17443 +msgid "" +":issue:`45411`: Add extensions for files containing subtitles - .srt & .vtt " +"- to the mimetypes.py module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17446 +msgid "" +":issue:`10716`: Migrated pydoc to HTML5 (without changing the look of it). " +"Side effect is to update xmlrpc's ``ServerHTMLDoc`` which now uses the CSS " +"too. cgitb now relies less on pydoc (as it can't use the CSS file)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17450 +msgid ":issue:`27580`: Add support of null characters in :mod:`csv`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17452 +msgid "" +":issue:`45262`: Prevent use-after-free in asyncio. Make sure the cached " +"running loop holder gets cleared on dealloc to prevent use-after-free in " +"get_running_loop" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17456 +msgid "" +":issue:`45386`: Make :mod:`xmlrpc.client` more robust to C runtimes where " +"the underlying C ``strftime`` function results in a ``ValueError`` when " +"testing for year formatting options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17460 +msgid "" +":issue:`20028`: Improve error message of :class:`csv.Dialect` when " +"initializing. Patch by Vajrasky Kok and Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17463 +msgid ":issue:`45343`: Update bundled pip to 21.2.4 and setuptools to 58.1.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17465 +msgid "" +":issue:`45328`: Fixed :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` to work properly " +"in OSs that don't support the ``TCP_NODELAY`` socket option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17468 +msgid "" +":issue:`45243`: Add :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.setlimit` and " +":meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.getlimit` to :class:`sqlite3.Connection` for " +"setting and getting SQLite limits by connection basis. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17473 +msgid ":issue:`45320`: Removed from the :mod:`inspect` module:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17475 +msgid "the ``getargspec`` function, deprecated since Python 3.0;" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17476 +msgid "" +"use :func:`inspect.signature` or :func:`inspect.getfullargspec` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17478 +msgid "" +"the ``formatargspec`` function, deprecated since Python 3.5; use the " +":func:`inspect.signature` function and :class:`Signature` object directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17482 +msgid "" +"the undocumented ``Signature.from_builtin`` and ``Signature.from_function`` " +"functions, deprecated since Python 3.5; use the " +":meth:`Signature.from_callable() ` method " +"instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17489 +msgid "" +":issue:`45192`: Fix the ``tempfile._infer_return_type`` function so that the" +" ``dir`` argument of the :mod:`tempfile` functions accepts an object " +"implementing the ``os.PathLike`` protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17493 +msgid "Patch by Kyungmin Lee." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17495 +msgid "" +":issue:`45160`: When tracing a tkinter variable used by a ttk OptionMenu, " +"callbacks are no longer made twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17498 +msgid "" +":issue:`25625`: Added non parallel-safe :func:`~contextlib.chdir` context " +"manager to change the current working directory and then restore it on exit." +" Simple wrapper around :func:`~os.chdir`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17502 +msgid "" +":issue:`24139`: Add support for SQLite extended result codes in " +":exc:`sqlite3.Error`. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17505 +msgid "" +":issue:`24444`: Fixed an error raised in :mod:`argparse` help display when " +"help for an option is set to 1+ blank spaces or when *choices* arg is an " +"empty container." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17509 +msgid "" +":issue:`44547`: Implement ``Fraction.__int__``, so that a " +":class:`fractions.Fraction` instance ``f`` passes an ``isinstance(f, " +"typing.SupportsInt)`` check." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17513 +msgid "" +":issue:`40321`: Adds support for HTTP 308 redirects to :mod:`urllib`. See " +":rfc:`7538` for details. Patch by Jochem Schulenklopper." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17516 +msgid "" +":issue:`41374`: Ensure that ``socket.TCP_*`` constants are exposed on Cygwin" +" 3.1.6 and greater." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17519 +msgid "" +":issue:`35970`: Add help flag to the base64 module's command line interface." +" Patch contributed by Robert Kuska." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17525 +msgid "" +":issue:`45726`: Improve documentation for :func:`functools.singledispatch` " +"and :class:`functools.singledispatchmethod`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17528 +msgid "" +":issue:`45680`: Amend the docs on ``GenericAlias`` objects to clarify that " +"non-container classes can also implement ``__class_getitem__``. Patch " +"contributed by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17532 +msgid "" +":issue:`45618`: Update Sphinx version used to build the documentation to " +"4.2.0. Patch by Maciej Olko." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17535 +msgid "" +":issue:`45655`: Add a new \"relevant PEPs\" section to the top of the " +"documentation for the ``typing`` module. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17538 +msgid "" +":issue:`45604`: Add ``level`` argument to ``multiprocessing.log_to_stderr`` " +"function docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17541 +msgid "" +":issue:`45516`: Add protocol description to the " +":class:`importlib.abc.TraversableResources` documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17544 +msgid "" +":issue:`45464`: Mention in the documentation of :ref:`Built-in Exceptions " +"` that inheriting from multiple exception types in a " +"single subclass is not recommended due to possible memory layout " +"incompatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17549 +msgid ":issue:`45449`: Add note about :pep:`585` in :mod:`collections.abc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17551 +msgid "" +":issue:`45516`: Add protocol description to the " +":class:`importlib.abc.Traversable` documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17554 +msgid "" +":issue:`20692`: Add Programming FAQ entry explaining that int literal " +"attribute access requires either a space after or parentheses around the " +"literal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17560 +msgid "" +":issue:`45678`: Add tests for scenarios in which " +":class:`functools.singledispatchmethod` is stacked on top of a method that " +"has already been wrapped by two other decorators. Patch by Alex Waygood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17564 +msgid ":issue:`45578`: Add tests for :func:`dis.distb`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17566 +msgid "" +":issue:`45678`: Add tests to ensure that ``functools.singledispatchmethod`` " +"correctly wraps the attributes of the target function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17569 +msgid "" +":issue:`45668`: PGO tests now pass when Python is built without test " +"extension modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17572 +msgid "" +":issue:`45577`: Add subtests for all ``pickle`` protocols in " +"``test_zoneinfo``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17574 +msgid "" +":issue:`45566`: Fix ``test_frozen_pickle`` in ``test_dataclasses`` to check " +"all ``pickle`` versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17577 +msgid "" +":issue:`43592`: :mod:`test.libregrtest` now raises the soft resource limit " +"for the maximum number of file descriptors when the default is too low for " +"our test suite as was often the case on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17581 +msgid "" +":issue:`39679`: Add more test cases for ``@functools.singledispatchmethod`` " +"when combined with ``@classmethod`` or ``@staticmethod``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17584 +msgid "" +":issue:`45410`: When libregrtest spawns a worker process, stderr is now " +"written into stdout to keep messages order. Use a single pipe for stdout and" +" stderr, rather than two pipes. Previously, messages were out of order which" +" made analysis of buildbot logs harder Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17589 +msgid "" +":issue:`45402`: Fix test_tools.test_sundry() when Python is built out of " +"tree: fix how the freeze_modules.py tool locates the _freeze_module program." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17593 +msgid "" +":issue:`45403`: Fix test_sys.test_stdlib_dir() when Python is built outside " +"the source tree: compare normalized paths. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17596 +msgid "" +":issue:`45400`: Fix " +"test_name_error_suggestions_do_not_trigger_for_too_many_locals() of " +"test_exceptions if a directory name contains \"a1\" (like " +"\"Python-3.11.0a1\"): use a stricter regular expression. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17602 +msgid "" +":issue:`10572`: Rename :mod:`sqlite3` tests from ``test_sqlite`` to " +"``test_sqlite3``, and relocate them to ``Lib/test/test_sqlite3``. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17609 +msgid "" +":issue:`43158`: ``setup.py`` now uses values from configure script to build " +"the ``_uuid`` extension module. Configure now detects util-linux's " +"``libuuid``, too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17613 +msgid "" +":issue:`45666`: Fix warning of ``swprintf`` and ``%s`` usage in " +"``_testembed.c``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17616 +msgid "" +":issue:`45548`: ``Modules/Setup`` and ``Modules/makesetup`` have been " +"improved. The ``Setup`` file now contains working rules for all extensions. " +"Outdated comments have been removed. Rules defined by ``makesetup`` track " +"dependencies correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17621 +msgid "" +":issue:`45548`: The :mod:`math` and :mod:`cmath` implementation now require " +"a C99 compatible ``libm`` and no longer ship with workarounds for missing " +"acosh, asinh, atanh, expm1, and log1p functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17625 +msgid "" +":issue:`45595`: ``setup.py`` and ``makesetup`` now track build dependencies " +"on all Python header files and module specific header files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17628 +msgid "" +":issue:`45571`: ``Modules/Setup`` now use ``PY_CFLAGS_NODIST`` instead of " +"``PY_CFLAGS`` to compile shared modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17631 +msgid "" +":issue:`45570`: :mod:`pyexpat` and :mod:`!_elementtree` no longer define " +"obsolete macros ``HAVE_EXPAT_CONFIG_H`` and ``USE_PYEXPAT_CAPI``. " +"``XML_POOR_ENTROPY`` is now defined in ``expat_config.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17635 +msgid "" +":issue:`43974`: ``setup.py`` no longer defines ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE``. " +"Instead every module, that uses the internal API, defines the macro." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17638 +msgid ":issue:`45548`: Fill in missing entries in Modules/Setup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17640 +msgid "" +":issue:`45532`: Update :data:`sys.version` to use ``main`` as fallback " +"information. Patch by Jeong YunWon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17643 +msgid "" +":issue:`45536`: The ``configure`` script now checks whether OpenSSL headers " +"and libraries provide required APIs. Most common APIs are verified. The " +"check detects outdated or missing OpenSSL. Failures do not stop configure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17647 +msgid "" +":issue:`45221`: Fixed regression in handling of ``LDFLAGS`` and ``CPPFLAGS``" +" options where :meth:`argparse.parse_known_args` could interpret an option " +"as one of the built-in command line argument, for example ``-h`` for help." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17651 +msgid "" +":issue:`45440`: Building Python now requires a C99 ```` header file " +"providing the following functions: ``copysign()``, ``hypot()``, " +"``isfinite()``, ``isinf()``, ``isnan()``, ``round()``. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17656 +msgid "" +":issue:`45405`: Prevent ``internal configure error`` when running " +"``configure`` with recent versions of non-Apple clang. Patch by David " +"Bohman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17659 +msgid ":issue:`45433`: Avoid linking libpython with libcrypt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17664 +msgid "" +":issue:`43652`: Update Tcl/Tk to 8.6.11, actually this time. The previous " +"update incorrectly included 8.6.10." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17667 +msgid "" +":issue:`45337`: venv now warns when the created environment may need to be " +"accessed at a different path, due to redirections, links or junctions. It " +"also now correctly installs or upgrades components when the alternate path " +"is required." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17672 +msgid "" +":issue:`43851`: Build SQLite ``SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT`` on Windows. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17678 +msgid "" +":issue:`44828`: Avoid tkinter file dialog failure on macOS 12 Monterey when " +"using the Tk 8.6.11 provided by python.org macOS installers. Patch by Marc " +"Culler of the Tk project." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17685 +msgid "" +":issue:`45495`: Add context keywords 'case' and 'match' to completions list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17690 +msgid "" +":issue:`29103`: :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec* ` now " +"copies the class name from the spec to a buffer owned by the class, so the " +"original can be safely deallocated. Patch by Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17694 +msgid "" +":issue:`45522`: The internal freelists for frame, float, list, dict, async " +"generators, and context objects can now be disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17697 +msgid "" +":issue:`35134`: Exclude :c:func:`PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT` from the limited C " +"API. It never worked since the :c:type:`!PyWeakReference` structure is " +"opaque in the limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17701 +msgid "" +":issue:`35081`: Move the ``interpreteridobject.h`` header file from " +"``Include/`` to ``Include/internal/``. It only provides private functions. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17705 +msgid "" +":issue:`35134`: The non-limited API files ``cellobject.h``, " +"``classobject.h``, ``context.h``, ``funcobject.h``, ``genobject.h`` and " +"``longintrepr.h`` have been moved to the ``Include/cpython`` directory. " +"Moreover, the ``eval.h`` header file was removed. These files must not be " +"included directly, as they are already included in ``Python.h``: " +":ref:`Include Files `. If they have been included directly, " +"consider including ``Python.h`` instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17713 +msgid "" +":issue:`45474`: The following items are no longer available when " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` is defined:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17716 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile`" + +#: ../NEWS:17717 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile`" + +#: ../NEWS:17718 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString`" + +#: ../NEWS:17719 +msgid ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString`" +msgstr ":c:func:`PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString`" + +#: ../NEWS:17720 +msgid "the ``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` macro" +msgstr "``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` 宏" + +#: ../NEWS:17722 +msgid "These are not part of the :ref:`limited API `." +msgstr "这些不是 :ref:`受限 API ` 的组成部分。" + +#: ../NEWS:17726 +msgid "" +":issue:`45434`: Remove the ``pystrhex.h`` header file. It only contains " +"private functions. C extensions should only include the main ```` " +"header file. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17730 +msgid "" +":issue:`45440`: Remove the ``Py_FORCE_DOUBLE()`` macro. It was used by the " +"``Py_IS_INFINITY()`` macro. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17733 +msgid "" +":issue:`45434`: ```` no longer includes the header files " +"````, ````, ```` and ```` when the " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` macro is set to ``0x030b0000`` (Python 3.11) or higher. C" +" extensions should explicitly include the header files after ``#include " +"``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17739 +msgid "" +":issue:`41123`: Remove ``Py_UNICODE_COPY()`` and ``Py_UNICODE_FILL()`` " +"macros, deprecated since Python 3.3. Use ``PyUnicode_CopyCharacters()`` or " +"``memcpy()`` (``wchar_t*`` string), and ``PyUnicode_Fill()`` functions " +"instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17744 +msgid "" +":issue:`45412`: Remove the following math macros using the ``errno`` " +"variable:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17746 +msgid "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1()``" +msgstr "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1()``" + +#: ../NEWS:17747 +msgid "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2()``" +msgstr "``Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2()``" + +#: ../NEWS:17748 +msgid "``Py_OVERFLOWED()``" +msgstr "``Py_OVERFLOWED()``" + +#: ../NEWS:17749 +msgid "``Py_SET_ERANGE_IF_OVERFLOW()``" +msgstr "``Py_SET_ERANGE_IF_OVERFLOW()``" + +#: ../NEWS:17750 +msgid "``Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR()``" +msgstr "``Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR()``" + +#: ../NEWS:17754 +msgid "" +":issue:`45395`: Custom frozen modules (the array set to " +"``PyImport_FrozenModules``) are now treated as additions, rather than " +"replacing all the default frozen modules. Frozen stdlib modules can still be" +" disabled by setting the \"code\" field of the custom array entry to NULL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17759 +msgid "" +":issue:`43760`: Add new :c:func:`PyThreadState_EnterTracing`, and " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_LeaveTracing` functions to the limited C API to " +"suspend and resume tracing and profiling. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17763 +msgid "" +":issue:`44220`: :c:var:`PyStructSequence_UnnamedField` is added to the " +"Stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17768 +msgid "Python 3.11.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17770 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-10-05*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17775 +msgid "" +":issue:`42278`: Replaced usage of :func:`tempfile.mktemp` with " +":class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` to avoid a potential race condition." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17778 +msgid "" +":issue:`44600`: Fix incorrect line numbers while tracing some failed " +"patterns in :ref:`match ` statements. Patch by Charles Burkland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17781 +msgid "" +":issue:`41180`: Add auditing events to the :mod:`marshal` module, and stop " +"raising ``code.__init__`` events for every unmarshalled code object. " +"Directly instantiated code objects will continue to raise an event, and " +"audit event handlers should inspect or collect the raw marshal data. This " +"reduces a significant performance overhead when loading from ``.pyc`` files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17788 +msgid "" +":issue:`44394`: Update the vendored copy of libexpat to 2.4.1 (from 2.2.8) " +"to get the fix for the :cve:`2013-0340` \"Billion Laughs\" vulnerability. " +"This copy is most used on Windows and macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17792 +msgid "" +":issue:`43124`: Made the internal ``putcmd`` function in :mod:`smtplib` " +"sanitize input for presence of ``\\r`` and ``\\n`` characters to avoid " +"(unlikely) command injection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17796 +msgid "" +":issue:`44022`: :mod:`http.client` now avoids infinitely reading potential " +"HTTP headers after a ``100 Continue`` status response from the server." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17802 +msgid "" +":issue:`43760`: The number of hardware branches per instruction dispatch is " +"reduced from two to one by adding a special instruction for tracing. Patch " +"by Mark Shannon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17806 +msgid "" +":issue:`45061`: Add a deallocator to the bool type to detect refcount bugs " +"in C extensions which call Py_DECREF(Py_True) or Py_DECREF(Py_False) by " +"mistake. Detect also refcount bugs when the empty tuple singleton or the " +"Unicode empty string singleton is destroyed by mistake. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17812 +msgid "" +":issue:`24076`: sum() was further optimised for summing up single digit " +"integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17815 +msgid ":issue:`45190`: Update Unicode databases to Unicode 14.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17817 +msgid "" +":issue:`45167`: Fix deepcopying of :class:`types.GenericAlias` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17819 +msgid "" +":issue:`45155`: :meth:`int.to_bytes` and :meth:`int.from_bytes` now take a " +"default value of ``\"big\"`` for the ``byteorder`` argument. " +":meth:`int.to_bytes` also takes a default value of ``1`` for the ``length`` " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17824 +msgid "" +":issue:`44219`: Release the GIL while performing ``isatty`` system calls on " +"arbitrary file descriptors. In particular, this affects :func:`os.isatty`, " +":func:`os.device_encoding` and :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`. By extension, " +":func:`io.open` in text mode is also affected. This change solves a deadlock" +" in :func:`os.isatty`. Patch by Vincent Michel in :issue:`44219`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17830 +msgid "" +":issue:`44959`: Added fallback to extension modules with '.sl' suffix on HP-" +"UX" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17832 +msgid "" +":issue:`45121`: Fix issue where ``Protocol.__init__`` raises " +"``RecursionError`` when it's called directly or via ``super()``. Patch " +"provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17836 +msgid "" +":issue:`44348`: The deallocator function of the :exc:`BaseException` type " +"now uses the trashcan mechanism to prevent stack overflow. For example, when" +" a :exc:`RecursionError` instance is raised, it can be linked to another " +"RecursionError through the ``__context__`` attribute or the " +"``__traceback__`` attribute, and then a chain of exceptions is created. When" +" the chain is destroyed, nested deallocator function calls can crash with a " +"stack overflow if the chain is too long compared to the available stack " +"memory. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17845 +msgid "" +":issue:`45123`: Fix PyAiter_Check to only check for the __anext__ presence " +"(not for __aiter__). Rename PyAiter_Check to PyAIter_Check, " +"PyObject_GetAiter -> PyObject_GetAIter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17849 +msgid "" +":issue:`1514420`: Interpreter no longer attempts to open files with names in" +" angle brackets (like \"\" or \"\") when formatting an " +"exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17853 +msgid "" +":issue:`41031`: Match C and Python code formatting of unprintable exceptions" +" and exceptions in the :mod:`__main__` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17856 +msgid "" +":issue:`37330`: :func:`open`, :func:`io.open`, :func:`codecs.open` and " +":class:`fileinput.FileInput` no longer accept ``'U'`` (\"universal " +"newline\") in the file mode. This flag was deprecated since Python 3.3. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17861 +msgid "" +":issue:`45083`: When the interpreter renders an exception, its name now has " +"a complete qualname. Previously only the class name was concatenated to the " +"module name, which sometimes resulted in an incorrect full name being " +"displayed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17866 +msgid "" +"(This issue impacted only the C code exception rendering, the " +":mod:`traceback` module was using qualname already)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17869 +msgid "" +":issue:`34561`: List sorting now uses the merge-ordering strategy from Munro" +" and Wild's ``powersort()``. Unlike the former strategy, this is provably " +"near-optimal in the entropy of the distribution of run lengths. Most uses of" +" ``list.sort()`` probably won't see a significant time difference, but may " +"see significant improvements in cases where the former strategy was " +"exceptionally poor. However, as these are all fast linear-time " +"approximations to a problem that's inherently at best quadratic-time to " +"solve truly optimally, it's also possible to contrive cases where the former" +" strategy did better." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17879 +msgid "" +":issue:`45056`: Compiler now removes trailing unused constants from " +"co_consts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17881 +msgid "" +":issue:`45020`: Add a new command line option, \"-X " +"frozen_modules=[on|off]\" to opt out of (or into) using optional frozen " +"modules. This defaults to \"on\" (or \"off\" if it's running out of the " +"source tree)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17885 +msgid "" +":issue:`45012`: In :mod:`posix`, release GIL during ``stat()``, ``lstat()``," +" and ``fstatat()`` syscalls made by :func:`os.DirEntry.stat`. Patch by " +"Stanisław Skonieczny." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17889 +msgid "" +":issue:`45018`: Fixed pickling of range iterators that iterated for over " +"``2**32`` times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17892 +msgid "" +":issue:`45000`: A :exc:`SyntaxError` is now raised when trying to delete " +":const:`__debug__`. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17895 +msgid "" +":issue:`44963`: Implement ``send()`` and ``throw()`` methods for " +"``anext_awaitable`` objects. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17898 +msgid "" +":issue:`44962`: Fix a race in WeakKeyDictionary, WeakValueDictionary and " +"WeakSet when two threads attempt to commit the last pending removal. This " +"fixes asyncio.create_task and fixes a data loss in asyncio.run where " +"shutdown_asyncgens is not run" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17903 +msgid "" +":issue:`24234`: Implement the :meth:`__bytes__` special method on the " +":class:`bytes` type, so a bytes object ``b`` passes an ``isinstance(b, " +"typing.SupportsBytes)`` check." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17907 +msgid "" +":issue:`24234`: Implement the :meth:`__complex__` special method on the " +":class:`complex` type, so a complex number ``z`` passes an ``isinstance(z, " +"typing.SupportsComplex)`` check." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17911 +msgid "" +":issue:`44954`: Fixed a corner case bug where the result of " +"``float.fromhex('0x.8p-1074')`` was rounded the wrong way." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17914 +msgid "" +":issue:`44947`: Refine the syntax error for trailing commas in import " +"statements. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17917 +msgid "" +":issue:`44945`: Specialize the BINARY_ADD instruction using the PEP 659 " +"machinery. Adds five new instructions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17920 +msgid "BINARY_ADD_ADAPTIVE" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17921 +msgid "BINARY_ADD_FLOAT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17922 +msgid "BINARY_ADD_INT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17923 +msgid "BINARY_ADD_UNICODE" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17924 +msgid "BINARY_ADD_UNICODE_INPLACE_FAST" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17926 +msgid "" +":issue:`44929`: Fix some edge cases of ``enum.Flag`` string representation " +"in the REPL. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17929 +msgid ":issue:`44914`: Class version tags are no longer recycled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17931 +msgid "" +"This means that a version tag serves as a unique identifier for the state of" +" a class. We rely on this for effective specialization of the LOAD_ATTR and " +"other instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17935 +msgid "" +":issue:`44698`: Restore behaviour of complex exponentiation with integer-" +"valued exponent of type :class:`float` or :class:`complex`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17938 +msgid "" +":issue:`44895`: A debug variable :envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFSFILE` is added for " +"creating a dump file which is generated by :option:`--with-trace-refs`. " +"Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17942 +msgid ":issue:`44900`: Add five superinstructions for PEP 659 quickening:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17944 +msgid "LOAD_FAST LOAD_FAST" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17945 +msgid "STORE_FAST LOAD_FAST" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17946 +msgid "LOAD_FAST LOAD_CONST" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17947 +msgid "LOAD_CONST LOAD_FAST" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17948 +msgid "STORE_FAST STORE_FAST" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17950 +msgid "" +":issue:`44889`: Initial implementation of adaptive specialization of " +"``LOAD_METHOD``. The following specialized forms were added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17953 +msgid "``LOAD_METHOD_CACHED``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17955 +msgid "``LOAD_METHOD_MODULE``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17957 +msgid "``LOAD_METHOD_CLASS``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17959 +msgid "" +":issue:`44890`: Specialization stats are always collected in debug builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17961 +msgid "" +":issue:`44885`: Correct the ast locations of f-strings with format specs and" +" repeated expressions. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17964 +msgid "" +":issue:`44878`: Remove the loop from the bytecode interpreter. All " +"instructions end with a DISPATCH macro, so the loop is now redundant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17967 +msgid "" +":issue:`44878`: Remove switch statement for interpreter loop when using " +"computed gotos. This makes sure that we only have one dispatch table in the " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17971 +msgid "" +":issue:`44874`: Deprecate the old trashcan macros " +"(``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN``/``Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END``). They should be " +"replaced by the new macros ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` and ``Py_TRASHCAN_END``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17975 +msgid "" +":issue:`44872`: Use new trashcan macros (Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN/END) in " +"frameobject.c instead of the old ones (Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN/END)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17978 +msgid "" +":issue:`33930`: Fix segmentation fault with deep recursion when cleaning " +"method objects. Patch by Augusto Goulart and Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17981 +msgid "" +":issue:`25782`: Fix bug where ``PyErr_SetObject`` hangs when the current " +"exception has a cycle in its context chain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17984 +msgid "" +":issue:`44856`: Fix reference leaks in the error paths of ``update_bases()``" +" and ``__build_class__``. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17987 +msgid "" +":issue:`44826`: Initial implementation of adaptive specialization of " +"STORE_ATTR" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17989 +msgid "Three specialized forms of STORE_ATTR are added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17991 +msgid "STORE_ATTR_SLOT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17993 +msgid "STORE_ATTR_SPLIT_KEYS" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17995 +msgid "STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:17997 +msgid "" +":issue:`44838`: Fixed a bug that was causing the parser to raise an " +"incorrect custom :exc:`SyntaxError` for invalid 'if' expressions. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18001 +msgid "" +":issue:`44821`: Create instance dictionaries (__dict__) eagerly, to improve " +"regularity of object layout and assist specialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18004 +msgid "" +":issue:`44792`: Improve syntax errors for if expressions. Patch by Miguel " +"Brito" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18006 +msgid "" +":issue:`34013`: Generalize the invalid legacy statement custom error message" +" (like the one generated when \"print\" is called without parentheses) to " +"include more generic expressions. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18010 +msgid ":issue:`44732`: Rename ``types.Union`` to ``types.UnionType``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18012 +msgid "" +":issue:`44725`: Expose specialization stats in python via " +":func:`!_opcode.get_specialization_stats`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18015 +msgid "" +":issue:`44717`: Improve AttributeError on circular imports of submodules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18017 +msgid "" +":issue:`44698`: Fix undefined behaviour in complex object exponentiation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18019 +msgid "" +":issue:`44653`: Support :mod:`typing` types in parameter substitution in the" +" union type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18022 +msgid "" +":issue:`44676`: Add ability to serialise ``types.Union`` objects. Patch " +"provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18025 +msgid "" +":issue:`44633`: Parameter substitution of the union type with wrong types " +"now raises ``TypeError`` instead of returning :data:`NotImplemented`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18028 +msgid "" +":issue:`44661`: Update ``property_descr_set`` to use vectorcall if possible." +" Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18031 +msgid "" +":issue:`44662`: Add ``__module__`` to ``types.Union``. This also fixes " +"``types.Union`` issues with ``typing.Annotated``. Patch provided by Yurii " +"Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18035 +msgid "" +":issue:`44655`: Include the name of the type in unset __slots__ attribute " +"errors. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18038 +msgid "" +":issue:`44655`: Don't include a missing attribute with the same name as the " +"failing one when offering suggestions for missing attributes. Patch by Pablo" +" Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18042 +msgid "" +":issue:`44646`: Fix the hash of the union type: it no longer depends on the " +"order of arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18045 +msgid "" +":issue:`44636`: Collapse union of equal types. E.g. the result of ``int | " +"int`` is now ``int``. Fix comparison of the union type with non-hashable " +"objects. E.g. ``int | str == {}`` no longer raises a TypeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18049 +msgid "" +":issue:`44611`: On Windows, :func:`os.urandom`: uses BCryptGenRandom API " +"instead of CryptGenRandom API which is deprecated from Microsoft Windows " +"API. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18053 +msgid "" +":issue:`44635`: Convert ``None`` to ``type(None)`` in the union type " +"constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18056 +msgid ":issue:`26280`: Implement adaptive specialization for BINARY_SUBSCR" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18058 +msgid "Three specialized forms of BINARY_SUBSCR are added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18060 +msgid "BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18062 +msgid "BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18064 +msgid "BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18066 +msgid "" +":issue:`44589`: Mapping patterns in ``match`` statements with two or more " +"equal literal keys will now raise a :exc:`SyntaxError` at compile-time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18069 +msgid "" +":issue:`44606`: Fix ``__instancecheck__`` and ``__subclasscheck__`` for the " +"union type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18072 +msgid "" +":issue:`42073`: The ``@classmethod`` decorator can now wrap other " +"classmethod-like descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18075 +msgid "" +":issue:`41972`: Tuned the string-searching algorithm of fastsearch.h to have" +" a shorter inner loop for most cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18078 +msgid "" +":issue:`44590`: All necessary data for executing a Python function (local " +"variables, stack, etc) is now kept in a per-thread stack. Frame objects are " +"lazily allocated on demand. This increases performance by about 7% on the " +"standard benchmark suite. Introspection and debugging are unaffected as " +"frame objects are always available when needed. Patch by Mark Shannon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18084 +msgid "" +":issue:`44584`: The threading debug (:envvar:`!PYTHONTHREADDEBUG` " +"environment variable) is deprecated in Python 3.10 and will be removed in " +"Python 3.12. This feature requires a debug build of Python. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18088 +msgid "" +":issue:`43895`: An obsolete internal cache of shared object file handles " +"added in 1995 that attempted, but did not guarantee, that a .so would not be" +" dlopen'ed twice to work around flaws in mid-1990s posix-ish operating " +"systems has been removed from dynload_shlib.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18093 +msgid "" +":issue:`44490`: :mod:`typing` now searches for type parameters in " +"``types.Union`` objects. ``get_type_hints`` will also properly resolve " +"annotations with nested ``types.Union`` objects. Patch provided by Yurii " +"Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18098 +msgid "" +":issue:`43950`: Code objects can now provide the column information for " +"instructions when available. This is levaraged during traceback printing to " +"show the expressions responsible for errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18102 +msgid "" +"Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan Taskaya and Ammar Askar as part of " +":pep:`657`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18105 +msgid "" +":issue:`44562`: Remove uses of :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` in error path when " +"initializing :class:`types.GenericAlias`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18108 +msgid "" +":issue:`41486`: Fix a memory consumption and copying performance regression " +"in earlier 3.10 beta releases if someone used an output buffer larger than " +"4GiB with zlib.decompress on input data that expands that large." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18112 +msgid "" +":issue:`43908`: Heap types with the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` flag" +" can now inherit the :pep:`590` vectorcall protocol. Previously, this was " +"only possible for :ref:`static types `. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18117 +msgid "" +":issue:`44553`: Implement GC methods for ``types.Union`` to break reference " +"cycles and prevent memory leaks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18120 +msgid "" +":issue:`44490`: Add ``__parameters__`` attribute and ``__getitem__`` " +"operator to ``types.Union``. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18123 +msgid "" +":issue:`44523`: Remove the pass-through for :func:`hash` of " +":class:`weakref.proxy` objects to prevent unintended consequences when the " +"original referred object dies while the proxy is part of a hashable object. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18128 +msgid "" +":issue:`44483`: Fix a crash in ``types.Union`` objects when creating a union" +" of an object with bad ``__module__`` field." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18131 +msgid "" +":issue:`44486`: Modules will always have a dictionary, even when created by " +"``types.ModuleType.__new__()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18134 +msgid "" +":issue:`44472`: Fix ltrace functionality when exceptions are raised. Patch " +"by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18137 +msgid "" +":issue:`12022`: A :exc:`TypeError` is now raised instead of an " +":exc:`AttributeError` in :keyword:`with` and :keyword:`async with` " +"statements for objects which do not support the :term:`context manager` or " +":term:`asynchronous context manager` protocols correspondingly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18142 +msgid "" +":issue:`44297`: Make sure that the line number is set when entering a " +"comprehension scope. This ensures that backtraces including generator " +"expressions show the correct line number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18146 +msgid "" +":issue:`44456`: Improve the syntax error when mixing positional and keyword " +"patterns. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18149 +msgid "" +":issue:`44409`: Fix error location information for tokenizer errors raised " +"on initialization of the tokenizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18152 +msgid "" +":issue:`44396`: Fix a possible crash in the tokenizer when raising syntax " +"errors for unclosed strings. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18155 +msgid "" +":issue:`44376`: Exact integer exponentiation (like ``i**2`` or ``pow(i, " +"2)``) with a small exponent is much faster, due to reducing overhead in such" +" cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18159 +msgid "" +":issue:`44313`: Directly imported objects and modules (through import and " +"from import statements) don't generate ``LOAD_METHOD``/``CALL_METHOD`` for " +"directly accessed objects on their namespace. They now use the regular " +"``LOAD_ATTR``/``CALL_FUNCTION``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18164 +msgid ":issue:`44338`: Implement adaptive specialization for LOAD_GLOBAL" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18166 +msgid "Two specialized forms of LOAD_GLOBAL are added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18168 +msgid "LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18170 +msgid "LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18172 +msgid "" +":issue:`44368`: Improve syntax errors for invalid \"as\" targets. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18175 +msgid "" +":issue:`44349`: Fix an edge case when displaying text from files with " +"encoding in syntax errors. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18178 +msgid "" +":issue:`44337`: Initial implementation of adaptive specialization of " +"LOAD_ATTR" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18180 +msgid "Four specialized forms of LOAD_ATTR are added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18182 +msgid "LOAD_ATTR_SLOT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18184 +msgid "LOAD_ATTR_SPLIT_KEYS" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18186 +msgid "LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18188 +msgid "LOAD_ATTR_MODULE" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18190 +msgid "" +":issue:`44335`: Fix a regression when identifying incorrect characters in " +"syntax errors. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18193 +msgid "" +":issue:`43693`: Computation of the offsets of cell variables is done in the " +"compiler instead of at runtime. This reduces the overhead of handling cell " +"and free variables, especially in the case where a variable is both an " +"argument and cell variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18198 +msgid "" +":issue:`44317`: Improve tokenizer error with improved locations. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18201 +msgid "" +":issue:`44304`: Fix a crash in the :mod:`sqlite3` module that happened when " +"the garbage collector clears :class:`sqlite.Statement` objects. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18205 +msgid "" +":issue:`44305`: Improve error message for ``try`` blocks without ``except`` " +"or ``finally`` blocks. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18208 +msgid "" +":issue:`43413`: Constructors of subclasses of some builtin classes (e.g. " +":class:`tuple`, :class:`list`, :class:`frozenset`) no longer accept " +"arbitrary keyword arguments. [reverted in 3.11a4] Subclass of :class:`set` " +"can now define a ``__new__()`` method with additional keyword parameters " +"without overriding also ``__init__()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18214 +msgid "" +":issue:`43667`: Improve Unicode support in non-UTF locales on Oracle " +"Solaris. This issue does not affect other Solaris systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18217 +msgid "" +":issue:`43693`: A new opcode MAKE_CELL has been added that effectively moves" +" some of the work done on function entry into the compiler and into the eval" +" loop. In addition to creating the required cell objects, the new opcode " +"converts relevant arguments (and other locals) to cell variables on function" +" entry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18223 +msgid "" +":issue:`44232`: Fix a regression in :func:`type` when a metaclass raises an " +"exception. The C function :c:func:`type_new` must properly report the " +"exception when a metaclass constructor raises an exception and the winner " +"class is not the metaclass. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18228 +msgid "" +":issue:`44201`: Avoid side effects of checking for specialized syntax errors" +" in the REPL that was causing it to ask for extra tokens after a syntax " +"error had been detected. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18232 +msgid "" +":issue:`43693`: ``PyCodeObject`` gained ``co_fastlocalnames`` and " +"``co_fastlocalkinds`` as the authoritative source of fast locals info. " +"Marshaled code objects have changed accordingly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18236 +msgid "" +":issue:`44184`: Fix a crash at Python exit when a deallocator function " +"removes the last strong reference to a heap type. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18239 +msgid "" +":issue:`44187`: Implement quickening in the interpreter. This offers no " +"advantages as yet, but is an enabler of future optimizations. See PEP 659 " +"for full explanation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18243 +msgid "" +":issue:`44180`: The parser doesn't report generic syntax errors that happen " +"in a position further away that the one it reached in the first pass. Patch " +"by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18247 +msgid "" +":issue:`44168`: Fix error message in the parser involving keyword arguments " +"with invalid expressions. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18250 +msgid "" +":issue:`44156`: String caches in ``compile.c`` are now subinterpreter " +"compatible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18253 +msgid "" +":issue:`44143`: Fixed a crash in the parser that manifest when raising " +"tokenizer errors when an existing exception was present. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18257 +msgid "" +":issue:`44032`: Move 'fast' locals and other variables from the frame object" +" to a per-thread datastack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18260 +msgid "" +":issue:`44114`: Fix incorrect dictkeys_reversed and dictitems_reversed " +"function signatures in C code, which broke webassembly builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18263 +msgid ":issue:`44110`: Improve :func:`str.__getitem__` error message" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18265 +msgid "" +":issue:`26110`: Add ``CALL_METHOD_KW`` opcode to speed up method calls with " +"keyword arguments. Idea originated from PyPy. A side effect is executing " +"``CALL_METHOD`` is now branchless in the evaluation loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18269 +msgid "" +":issue:`28307`: Compiler now optimizes simple C-style formatting with " +"literal format containing only format codes %s, %r and %a by converting them" +" to f-string expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18273 +msgid "" +":issue:`43149`: Correct the syntax error message regarding multiple " +"exception types to not refer to \"exception groups\". Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18276 +msgid "" +":issue:`43822`: The parser will prioritize tokenizer errors over custom " +"syntax errors when raising exceptions. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18279 +msgid ":issue:`40222`: \"Zero cost\" exception handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18281 +msgid "Uses a lookup table to determine how to handle exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18282 +msgid "" +"Removes SETUP_FINALLY and POP_TOP block instructions, eliminating the " +"runtime overhead of try statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18283 +msgid "Reduces the size of the frame object by about 60%." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18285 +msgid "Patch by Mark Shannon" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18287 +msgid "" +":issue:`43918`: Document the signature and ``default`` argument in the " +"docstring of the new ``anext`` builtin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18290 +msgid "" +":issue:`43833`: Emit a deprecation warning if the numeric literal is " +"immediately followed by one of keywords: and, else, for, if, in, is, or. " +"Raise a syntax error with more informative message if it is immediately " +"followed by other keyword or identifier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18295 +msgid "" +":issue:`43879`: Add native_thread_id to PyThreadState. Patch by Gabriele N. " +"Tornetta." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18298 +msgid "" +":issue:`43693`: Compute cell offsets relative to locals in compiler. Allows " +"the interpreter to treats locals and cells a single array, which is slightly" +" more efficient. Also make the LOAD_CLOSURE opcode an alias for LOAD_FAST. " +"Preserving LOAD_CLOSURE helps keep bytecode a bit more readable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18303 +msgid "" +":issue:`17792`: More accurate error messages for access of unbound locals or" +" free vars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18306 +msgid ":issue:`28146`: Fix a confusing error message in :func:`str.format`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18308 +msgid "" +":issue:`11105`: When compiling :class:`ast.AST` objects with recursive " +"references through :func:`compile`, the interpreter doesn't crash anymore " +"instead it raises a :exc:`RecursionError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18312 +msgid "" +":issue:`39091`: Fix crash when using passing a non-exception to a " +"generator's ``throw()`` method. Patch by Noah Oxer" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18315 +msgid "" +":issue:`33346`: Asynchronous comprehensions are now allowed inside " +"comprehensions in asynchronous functions. Outer comprehensions implicitly " +"become asynchronous." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18322 +msgid "" +":issue:`45371`: Fix clang rpath issue in ``distutils``. The UnixCCompiler " +"now uses correct clang option to add a runtime library directory (rpath) to " +"a shared library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18326 +msgid "" +":issue:`45329`: Fix freed memory access in :class:`pyexpat.xmlparser` when " +"building it with an installed expat library <= 2.2.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18329 +msgid "" +":issue:`41710`: On Unix, if the ``sem_clockwait()`` function is available in" +" the C library (glibc 2.30 and newer), the :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire` " +"method now uses the monotonic clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`) for the " +"timeout, rather than using the system clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_REALTIME`), " +"to not be affected by system clock changes. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18336 +msgid "" +":issue:`1596321`: Fix the :func:`threading._shutdown` function when the " +":mod:`threading` module was imported first from a thread different than the " +"main thread: no longer log an error at Python exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18340 +msgid "" +":issue:`45274`: Fix a race condition in the :meth:`Thread.join() " +"` method of the :mod:`threading` module. If the " +"function is interrupted by a signal and the signal handler raises an " +"exception, make sure that the thread remains in a consistent state to " +"prevent a deadlock. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18346 +msgid "" +":issue:`21302`: In Unix operating systems, :func:`time.sleep` now uses the " +"``nanosleep()`` function, if ``clock_nanosleep()`` is not available but " +"``nanosleep()`` is available. ``nanosleep()`` allows to sleep with " +"nanosecond precision." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18351 +msgid "" +":issue:`21302`: On Windows, :func:`time.sleep` now uses a waitable timer " +"which has a resolution of 100 nanoseconds (10\\ :sup:`-7` seconds). " +"Previously, it had a resolution of 1 millisecond (10\\ :sup:`-3` seconds). " +"Patch by Benjamin Szőke and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18356 +msgid "" +":issue:`45238`: Fix :meth:`unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase.debug`: it runs " +"now asynchronous methods and callbacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18359 +msgid "" +":issue:`36674`: :meth:`unittest.TestCase.debug` raises now a " +":class:`unittest.SkipTest` if the class or the test method are decorated " +"with the skipping decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18363 +msgid "" +":issue:`45235`: Fix an issue where argparse would not preserve values in a " +"provided namespace when using a subparser with defaults." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18366 +msgid "" +":issue:`45183`: Have zipimport.zipimporter.find_spec() not raise an " +"exception when the underlying zip file has been deleted and the internal " +"cache has been reset via invalidate_cache()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18370 +msgid "" +":issue:`45234`: Fixed a regression in :func:`~shutil.copyfile`, " +":func:`~shutil.copy`, :func:`~shutil.copy2` raising :exc:`FileNotFoundError`" +" when source is a directory, which should raise :exc:`IsADirectoryError`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18375 +msgid "" +":issue:`45228`: Fix stack buffer overflow in parsing J1939 network address." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18377 +msgid ":issue:`45225`: use map function instead of genexpr in capwords." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18379 +msgid "" +":issue:`42135`: Fix typo: ``importlib.find_loader`` is really slated for " +"removal in Python 3.12 not 3.10, like the others in PR 25169." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18384 +msgid "" +":issue:`20524`: Improves error messages on ``.format()`` operation for " +"``str``, ``float``, ``int``, and ``complex``. New format now shows the " +"problematic pattern and the object type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18388 +msgid "" +":issue:`45168`: Change :func:`dis.dis` output to omit op arg values that " +"cannot be resolved due to ``co_consts``, ``co_names`` etc not being " +"provided. Previously the oparg itself was repeated in the value field, which" +" is not useful and can be confusing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18393 +msgid "" +":issue:`21302`: In Unix operating systems, :func:`time.sleep` now uses the " +"``clock_nanosleep()`` function, if available, which allows to sleep for an " +"interval specified with nanosecond precision." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18397 +msgid "" +":issue:`45173`: Remove from the :mod:`configparser` module: the " +":class:`!SafeConfigParser` class, the :attr:`!filename` property of the " +":class:`~configparser.ParsingError` class, the :meth:`!readfp` method of the" +" :class:`~configparser.ConfigParser` class, deprecated since Python 3.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18405 +msgid "" +":issue:`44987`: Pure ASCII strings are now normalized in constant time by " +":func:`unicodedata.normalize`. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18408 +msgid "" +":issue:`35474`: Calling :func:`mimetypes.guess_all_extensions` with " +"``strict=False`` no longer affects the result of the following call with " +"``strict=True``. Also, mutating the returned list no longer affects the " +"global state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18413 +msgid "" +":issue:`45166`: :func:`typing.get_type_hints` now works with " +":data:`~typing.Final` wrapped in :class:`~typing.ForwardRef`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18416 +msgid ":issue:`45162`: Remove many old deprecated :mod:`unittest` features:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18418 +msgid "" +"\"``fail*``\" and \"``assert*``\" aliases of :class:`~unittest.TestCase` " +"methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18419 +msgid "" +"Broken from start :class:`~unittest.TestCase` method " +"``assertDictContainsSubset()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18420 +msgid "" +"Ignored :meth:` " +"TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule` parameter *use_load_tests*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18421 +msgid "Old alias ``_TextTestResult`` of :class:`~unittest.TextTestResult`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18423 +msgid "" +":issue:`38371`: Remove the deprecated ``split()`` method of " +":class:`!_tkinter.TkappType`. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18426 +msgid "" +":issue:`20499`: Improve the speed and accuracy of statistics.pvariance()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18428 +msgid "" +":issue:`45132`: Remove :meth:`~object.__getitem__` methods of " +":class:`xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream`, :class:`wsgiref.util.FileWrapper` " +"and :class:`fileinput.FileInput`, deprecated since Python 3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18434 +msgid "" +":issue:`45129`: Due to significant security concerns, the *reuse_address* " +"parameter of :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint`, disabled in " +"Python 3.9, is now entirely removed. This is because of the behavior of the " +"socket option ``SO_REUSEADDR`` in UDP." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18441 +msgid "" +":issue:`45124`: The ``bdist_msi`` command, deprecated in Python 3.9, is now " +"removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18444 +msgid "Use ``bdist_wheel`` (wheel packages) instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18448 +msgid "" +":issue:`30856`: :class:`unittest.TestResult` methods " +":meth:`~unittest.TestResult.addFailure`, " +":meth:`~unittest.TestResult.addError`, :meth:`~unittest.TestResult.addSkip` " +"and :meth:`~unittest.TestResult.addSubTest` are now called immediately after" +" raising an exception in test or finishing a subtest. Previously they were " +"called only after finishing the test clean up." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18456 +msgid "" +":issue:`45034`: Changes how error is formatted for ``struct.pack`` with " +"``'H'`` and ``'h'`` modes and too large / small numbers. Now it shows the " +"actual numeric limits, while previously it was showing arithmetic " +"expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18460 +msgid "" +":issue:`25894`: :mod:`unittest` now always reports skipped and failed " +"subtests separately: separate characters in default mode and separate lines " +"in verbose mode. Also the test description is now output for errors in test " +"method, class and module cleanups." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18465 +msgid "" +":issue:`45081`: Fix issue when dataclasses that inherit from " +"``typing.Protocol`` subclasses have wrong ``__init__``. Patch provided by " +"Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18469 +msgid "" +":issue:`45085`: The ``binhex`` module, deprecated in Python 3.9, is now " +"removed. The following :mod:`binascii` functions, deprecated in Python 3.9, " +"are now also removed:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18473 +msgid "``a2b_hqx()``, ``b2a_hqx()``;" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18474 +msgid "``rlecode_hqx()``, ``rledecode_hqx()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18476 +msgid "The :func:`binascii.crc_hqx` function remains available." +msgstr ":func:`binascii.crc_hqx` 函数仍然可用。" + +#: ../NEWS:18480 +msgid "" +":issue:`40360`: The :mod:`!lib2to3` package is now deprecated and may not be" +" able to parse Python 3.10 or newer. See the :pep:`617` (New PEG parser for " +"CPython). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18484 +msgid "" +":issue:`45075`: Rename :meth:`traceback.StackSummary.format_frame` to " +":meth:`traceback.StackSummary.format_frame_summary`. This method was added " +"for 3.11 so it was not released yet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18488 +msgid "Updated code and docs to better distinguish frame and FrameSummary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18490 +msgid "" +":issue:`31299`: Add option to completely drop frames from a traceback by " +"returning ``None`` from a :meth:`~traceback.StackSummary.format_frame` " +"override." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18494 +msgid "" +":issue:`41620`: :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.run` now always return a " +":class:`~unittest.TestResult` instance. Previously it returned ``None`` if " +"the test class or method was decorated with a skipping decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18498 +msgid "" +":issue:`45021`: Fix a potential deadlock at shutdown of forked children when" +" using :mod:`concurrent.futures` module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18501 +msgid "" +":issue:`43913`: Fix bugs in cleaning up classes and modules in " +":mod:`unittest`:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18503 +msgid "" +"Functions registered with :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup` were not called" +" unless the user defines ``tearDownModule()`` in their test module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18504 +msgid "" +"Functions registered with :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup` were " +"not called if ``tearDownClass`` is set to ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18505 +msgid "" +"Buffering in :class:`~unittest.TestResult` did not work with functions " +"registered with ``addClassCleanup()`` and ``addModuleCleanup()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18506 +msgid "" +"Errors in functions registered with ``addClassCleanup()`` and " +"``addModuleCleanup()`` were not handled correctly in buffered and debug " +"modes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18507 +msgid "" +"Errors in ``setUpModule()`` and functions registered with " +"``addModuleCleanup()`` were reported in wrong order." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18508 +msgid "And several lesser bugs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18510 +msgid "" +":issue:`45030`: Fix integer overflow in pickling and copying the range " +"iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18513 +msgid "" +":issue:`45001`: Made email date parsing more robust against malformed input," +" namely a whitespace-only ``Date:`` header. Patch by Wouter Bolsterlee." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18516 +msgid "" +":issue:`45010`: Remove support of special method ``__div__`` in " +":mod:`unittest.mock`. It is not used in Python 3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18519 +msgid "" +":issue:`39218`: Improve accuracy of variance calculations by using ``x*x`` " +"instead of ``x**2``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18522 +msgid "" +":issue:`43613`: Improve the speed of :func:`gzip.compress` and " +":func:`gzip.decompress` by compressing and decompressing at once in memory " +"instead of in a streamed fashion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18526 +msgid "" +":issue:`37596`: Ensure that :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` objects are " +"always :mod:`marshalled ` reproducibly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18529 +msgid "" +":issue:`44019`: A new function ``operator.call`` has been added, such that " +"``operator.call(obj, *args, **kwargs) == obj(*args, **kwargs)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18532 +msgid "" +":issue:`42255`: :class:`!webbrowser.MacOSX` is deprecated and will be " +"removed in Python 3.13. It is untested and undocumented and also not used by" +" :mod:`webbrowser` itself. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18536 +msgid "" +":issue:`44955`: Method :meth:`~unittest.TestResult.stopTestRun` is now " +"always called in pair with method :meth:`~unittest.TestResult.startTestRun` " +"for :class:`~unittest.TestResult` objects implicitly created in " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.run`. Previously it was not called for test " +"methods and classes decorated with a skipping decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18542 +msgid "" +":issue:`39039`: tarfile.open raises :exc:`~tarfile.ReadError` when a zlib " +"error occurs during file extraction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18545 +msgid "" +":issue:`44935`: :mod:`subprocess` on Solaris now also uses " +":func:`os.posix_spawn` for better performance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18548 +msgid "" +":issue:`44911`: :class:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` will no longer " +"throw an exception while cancelling leaked tasks. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18551 +msgid "" +":issue:`41322`: Added ``DeprecationWarning`` for tests and async tests that " +"return a value!=None (as this may indicate an improperly written test, for " +"example a test written as a generator function)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18555 +msgid "" +":issue:`44524`: Make exception message more useful when subclass from typing" +" special form alias. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18558 +msgid "" +":issue:`38956`: :class:`argparse.BooleanOptionalAction`'s default value is " +"no longer printed twice when used with " +":class:`argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18562 +msgid "" +":issue:`44860`: Fix the ``posix_user`` scheme in :mod:`sysconfig` to not " +"depend on :data:`sys.platlibdir`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18565 +msgid "" +":issue:`44859`: Improve error handling in :mod:`sqlite3` and raise more " +"accurate exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18568 +msgid "" +":exc:`MemoryError` is now raised instead of :exc:`sqlite3.Warning` when " +"memory is not enough for encoding a statement to UTF-8 in " +"``Connection.__call__()`` and ``Cursor.execute()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18569 +msgid "" +":exc:`UnicodEncodeError` is now raised instead of :exc:`sqlite3.Warning` " +"when the statement contains surrogate characters in " +"``Connection.__call__()`` and ``Cursor.execute()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18570 +msgid "" +":exc:`TypeError` is now raised instead of :exc:`ValueError` for non-string " +"script argument in ``Cursor.executescript()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18571 +msgid "" +":exc:`ValueError` is now raised for script containing the null character " +"instead of truncating it in ``Cursor.executescript()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18572 +msgid "" +"Correctly handle exceptions raised when getting boolean value of the result " +"of the progress handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18573 +msgid "Add many tests covering different corner cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18575 +msgid ":issue:`44581`: Upgrade bundled pip to 21.2.3 and setuptools to 57.4.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18577 +msgid "" +":issue:`44849`: Fix the :func:`os.set_inheritable` function on FreeBSD 14 " +"for file descriptor opened with the :const:`~os.O_PATH` flag: ignore the " +":const:`~errno.EBADF` error on ``ioctl()``, fallback on the ``fcntl()`` " +"implementation. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18582 +msgid "" +":issue:`44605`: The @functools.total_ordering() decorator now works with " +"metaclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18585 +msgid "" +":issue:`44524`: Fixed an issue wherein the ``__name__`` and ``__qualname__``" +" attributes of subscribed specialforms could be ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18588 +msgid "" +":issue:`44839`: :class:`MemoryError` raised in user-defined functions will " +"now produce a ``MemoryError`` in :mod:`sqlite3`. :class:`OverflowError` will" +" now be converted to :class:`~sqlite3.DataError`. Previously " +":class:`~sqlite3.OperationalError` was produced in these cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18593 +msgid "" +":issue:`44822`: :mod:`sqlite3` user-defined functions and aggregators " +"returning :class:`strings ` with embedded NUL characters are no longer " +"truncated. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18597 +msgid "" +":issue:`44801`: Ensure that the :class:`~typing.ParamSpec` variable in " +"Callable can only be substituted with a parameters expression (a list of " +"types, an ellipsis, ParamSpec or Concatenate)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18601 +msgid "" +":issue:`44806`: Non-protocol subclasses of :class:`typing.Protocol` ignore " +"now the ``__init__`` method inherited from protocol base classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18604 +msgid "" +":issue:`27275`: :meth:`collections.OrderedDict.popitem` and " +":meth:`collections.OrderedDict.pop` no longer call ``__getitem__`` and " +"``__delitem__`` methods of the OrderedDict subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18608 +msgid "" +":issue:`44793`: Fix checking the number of arguments when subscribe a " +"generic type with ``ParamSpec`` parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18611 +msgid "" +":issue:`44784`: In importlib.metadata tests, override warnings behavior " +"under expected DeprecationWarnings (importlib_metadata 4.6.3)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18614 +msgid "" +":issue:`44667`: The :func:`tokenize.tokenize` doesn't incorrectly generate a" +" ``NEWLINE`` token if the source doesn't end with a new line character but " +"the last line is a comment, as the function is already generating a ``NL`` " +"token. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18619 +msgid "" +":issue:`44771`: Added ``importlib.simple`` module implementing adapters from" +" a low-level resources reader interface to a ``TraversableResources`` " +"interface. Legacy API (``path``, ``contents``, ...) is now supported " +"entirely by the ``.files()`` API with a compatibility shim supplied for " +"resource loaders without that functionality. Feature parity with " +"``importlib_resources`` 5.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18626 +msgid "" +":issue:`44752`: :mod:`rcompleter` does not call :func:`getattr` on " +":class:`property` objects to avoid the side-effect of evaluating the " +"corresponding method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18630 +msgid "" +":issue:`44747`: Refactor usage of ``sys._getframe`` in ``typing`` module. " +"Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18633 +msgid "" +":issue:`42378`: Fixes the issue with log file being overwritten when " +":class:`logging.FileHandler` is used in :mod:`atexit` with *filemode* set to" +" ``'w'``. Note this will cause the message in *atexit* not being logged if " +"the log stream is already closed due to shutdown of logging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18638 +msgid "" +":issue:`44720`: ``weakref.proxy`` objects referencing non-iterators now " +"raise ``TypeError`` rather than dereferencing the null ``tp_iternext`` slot " +"and crashing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18642 +msgid "" +":issue:`44704`: The implementation of ``collections.abc.Set._hash()`` now " +"matches that of ``frozenset.__hash__()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18645 +msgid "" +":issue:`44666`: Fixed issue in :func:`compileall.compile_file` when " +"``sys.stdout`` is redirected. Patch by Stefan Hölzl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18648 +msgid "" +":issue:`44688`: :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.create_collation` now accepts non-" +"ASCII collation names. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18651 +msgid "" +":issue:`44690`: Adopt *binacii.a2b_base64*'s strict mode in " +"*base64.b64decode*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18653 +msgid "" +":issue:`42854`: Fixed a bug in the :mod:`!_ssl` module that was throwing " +":exc:`OverflowError` when using :meth:`!_ssl._SSLSocket.write` and " +":meth:`!_ssl._SSLSocket.read` for a big value of the ``len`` parameter. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18658 +msgid "" +":issue:`44686`: Replace ``unittest.mock._importer`` with " +"``pkgutil.resolve_name``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18661 +msgid "" +":issue:`44353`: Make ``NewType.__call__`` faster by implementing it in C. " +"Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18664 +msgid "" +":issue:`44682`: Change the :mod:`pdb` *commands* directive to disallow " +"setting commands for an invalid breakpoint and to display an appropriate " +"error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18667 +msgid "" +":issue:`44353`: Refactor ``typing.NewType`` from function into callable " +"class. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18670 +msgid "" +":issue:`44678`: Added a separate error message for discontinuous padding in " +"*binascii.a2b_base64* strict mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18673 +msgid "" +":issue:`44524`: Add missing ``__name__`` and ``__qualname__`` attributes to " +"``typing`` module classes. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18676 +msgid "" +":issue:`40897`: Give priority to using the current class constructor in " +":func:`inspect.signature`. Patch by Weipeng Hong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18679 +msgid "" +":issue:`44638`: Add a reference to the zipp project and hint as to how to " +"use it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18682 +msgid "" +":issue:`44648`: Fixed wrong error being thrown by :func:`inspect.getsource` " +"when examining a class in the interactive session. Instead of " +":exc:`TypeError`, it should be :exc:`OSError` with appropriate error " +"message." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18687 +msgid "" +":issue:`44608`: Fix memory leak in :func:`!_tkinter._flatten` if it is " +"called with a sequence or set, but not list or tuple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18690 +msgid "" +":issue:`44594`: Fix an edge case of :class:`ExitStack` and " +":class:`AsyncExitStack` exception chaining. They will now match ``with`` " +"block behavior when ``__context__`` is explicitly set to ``None`` when the " +"exception is in flight." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18695 +msgid "" +":issue:`42799`: In :mod:`fnmatch`, the cache size for compiled regex " +"patterns (:func:`functools.lru_cache`) was bumped up from 256 to 32768, " +"affecting functions: :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch`, :func:`fnmatch.fnmatchcase`, " +":func:`fnmatch.filter`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18700 +msgid "" +":issue:`41928`: Update :func:`shutil.copyfile` to raise " +":exc:`FileNotFoundError` instead of confusing :exc:`IsADirectoryError` when " +"a path ending with a :const:`os.path.sep` does not exist; " +":func:`shutil.copy` and :func:`shutil.copy2` are also affected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18705 +msgid "" +":issue:`44569`: Added the :func:`StackSummary.format_frame` function in " +":mod:`traceback`. This allows users to customize the way individual lines " +"are formatted in tracebacks without re-implementing logic to handle " +"recursive tracebacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18710 +msgid "" +":issue:`44566`: handle StopIteration subclass raised from " +"@contextlib.contextmanager generator" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18713 +msgid "" +":issue:`44558`: Make the implementation consistency of " +":func:`~operator.indexOf` between C and Python versions. Patch by Donghee " +"Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18717 +msgid "" +":issue:`41249`: Fixes ``TypedDict`` to work with ``typing.get_type_hints()``" +" and postponed evaluation of annotations across modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18720 +msgid "" +":issue:`44554`: Refactor argument processing in :func:`pdb.main` to simplify" +" detection of errors in input loading and clarify behavior around module or " +"script invocation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18724 +msgid "" +":issue:`34798`: Break up paragraph about :class:`pprint.PrettyPrinter` " +"construction parameters to make it easier to read." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18727 +msgid "" +":issue:`44539`: Added support for recognizing JPEG files without JFIF or " +"Exif markers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18730 +msgid "" +":issue:`44461`: Fix bug with :mod:`pdb`'s handling of import error due to a " +"package which does not have a ``__main__`` module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18733 +msgid "" +":issue:`43625`: Fix a bug in the detection of CSV file headers by " +":meth:`csv.Sniffer.has_header` and improve documentation of same." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18736 +msgid ":issue:`44516`: Update vendored pip to 21.1.3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18738 +msgid "" +":issue:`42892`: Fixed an exception thrown while parsing a malformed " +"multipart email by :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18741 +msgid "" +":issue:`44468`: :func:`typing.get_type_hints` now finds annotations in " +"classes and base classes with unexpected ``__module__``. Previously, it " +"skipped those MRO elements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18745 +msgid "" +":issue:`44491`: Allow clearing the :mod:`sqlite3` authorizer callback by " +"passing :const:`None` to :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`. Patch " +"by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18749 +msgid "" +":issue:`43977`: Set the proper :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` and " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` flags for subclasses created before a parent " +"has been registered as a :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` or " +":class:`collections.abc.Sequence`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18754 +msgid "" +":issue:`44482`: Fix very unlikely resource leak in :mod:`glob` in alternate " +"Python implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18757 +msgid "" +":issue:`44466`: The :mod:`faulthandler` module now detects if a fatal error " +"occurs during a garbage collector collection. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18760 +msgid "" +":issue:`44471`: A :exc:`TypeError` is now raised instead of an " +":exc:`AttributeError` in :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context` and " +":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.enter_async_context` for objects which do " +"not support the :term:`context manager` or :term:`asynchronous context " +"manager` protocols correspondingly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18766 +msgid "" +":issue:`44404`: :mod:`tkinter`'s ``after()`` method now supports callables " +"without the ``__name__`` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18769 +msgid "" +":issue:`41546`: Make :mod:`pprint` (like the builtin ``print``) not attempt " +"to write to ``stdout`` when it is ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18772 +msgid "" +":issue:`44458`: ``BUFFER_BLOCK_SIZE`` is now declared static, to avoid " +"linking collisions when bz2, lmza or zlib are statically linked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18775 +msgid "" +":issue:`44464`: Remove exception for flake8 in deprecated importlib.metadata" +" interfaces. Sync with importlib_metadata 4.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18778 +msgid "" +":issue:`44446`: Take into account that ``lineno`` might be ``None`` in " +":class:`traceback.FrameSummary`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18781 +msgid "" +":issue:`44439`: Fix in :meth:`bz2.BZ2File.write` / " +":meth:`lzma.LZMAFile.write` methods, when the input data is an object that " +"supports the buffer protocol, the file length may be wrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18785 +msgid "" +":issue:`44434`: _thread.start_new_thread() no longer calls " +"PyThread_exit_thread() explicitly at the thread exit, the call was " +"redundant. On Linux with the glibc, pthread_exit() aborts the whole process " +"if dlopen() fails to open libgcc_s.so file (ex: EMFILE error). Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18791 +msgid "" +":issue:`42972`: The _thread.RLock type now fully implement the GC protocol: " +"add a traverse function and the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag. Patch by" +" Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18795 +msgid "" +":issue:`44422`: The :func:`threading.enumerate` function now uses a " +"reentrant lock to prevent a hang on reentrant call. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18798 +msgid "" +":issue:`38291`: Importing typing.io or typing.re now prints a " +"``DeprecationWarning``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18801 +msgid "" +":issue:`37880`: argparse actions store_const and append_const each receive a" +" default value of ``None`` when the ``const`` kwarg is not provided. " +"Previously, this raised a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18805 +msgid ":issue:`44389`: Fix deprecation of :data:`ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_3`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18807 +msgid "" +":issue:`27827`: :meth:`pathlib.PureWindowsPath.is_reserved` now identifies a" +" greater range of reserved filenames, including those with trailing spaces " +"or colons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18811 +msgid "" +":issue:`44395`: Fix :meth:`~email.message.MIMEPart.as_string` to pass " +"unixfrom properly. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18814 +msgid "" +":issue:`34266`: Handle exceptions from parsing the arg of :mod:`pdb`'s " +"run/restart command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18817 +msgid "" +":issue:`44362`: Improve :mod:`ssl` module's deprecation messages, error " +"reporting, and documentation for deprecations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18820 +msgid ":issue:`44342`: [Enum] Change pickling from by-value to by-name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18822 +msgid "" +":issue:`44356`: [Enum] Allow multiple data-type mixins if they are all the " +"same." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18825 +msgid "" +":issue:`44351`: Restore back :func:`parse_makefile` in " +"``distutils.sysconfig`` because it behaves differently than the similar " +"implementation in :mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18829 +msgid "" +":issue:`35800`: :class:`!smtpd.MailmanProxy` is now removed as it is " +"unusable without an external module, ``mailman``. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18832 +msgid "" +":issue:`44357`: Added a function that returns cube root of the given number " +":func:`math.cbrt`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18835 +msgid "" +":issue:`44339`: Change ``math.pow(±0.0, -math.inf)`` to return ``inf`` " +"instead of raising ``ValueError``. This brings the special-case handling of " +"``math.pow`` into compliance with the IEEE 754 standard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18839 +msgid "" +":issue:`44242`: Remove missing flag check from Enum creation and move into a" +" ``verify`` decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18842 +msgid "" +":issue:`44246`: In ``importlib.metadata``, restore compatibility in the " +"result from ``Distribution.entry_points`` (``EntryPoints``) to honor " +"expectations in older implementations and issuing deprecation warnings for " +"these cases: A. ``EntryPoints`` objects are once again mutable, allowing " +"for ``sort()`` and other list-based mutation operations. Avoid deprecation" +" warnings by casting to a mutable sequence (e.g. " +"``list(dist.entry_points).sort()``). B. ``EntryPoints`` results once again " +"allow for access by index. To avoid deprecation warnings, cast the " +"result to a Sequence first (e.g. ``tuple(dist.entry_points)[0]``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18852 +msgid "" +":issue:`44246`: In importlib.metadata.entry_points, de-duplication of " +"distributions no longer requires loading the full metadata for " +"PathDistribution objects, improving entry point loading performance by ~10x." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18857 +msgid "" +":issue:`43858`: Added a function that returns a copy of a dict of logging " +"levels: :func:`logging.getLevelNamesMapping`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18860 +msgid "" +":issue:`44260`: The :class:`random.Random` constructor no longer reads " +"system entropy without need." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18863 +msgid "" +":issue:`44254`: On Mac, give turtledemo button text a color that works on " +"both light or dark background. Programmers cannot control the latter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18866 +msgid "" +":issue:`44258`: Support PEP 515 for Fraction's initialization from string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18868 +msgid "" +":issue:`44235`: Remove deprecated functions in the :mod:`gettext`. Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18871 +msgid "" +":issue:`38693`: Prefer f-strings to ``.format`` in importlib.resources." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18873 +msgid ":issue:`33693`: Importlib.metadata now prefers f-strings to .format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18875 +msgid "" +":issue:`44241`: Incorporate minor tweaks from importlib_metadata 4.1: " +"SimplePath protocol, support for Metadata 2.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18878 +msgid "" +":issue:`43216`: Remove the :func:`@asyncio.coroutine ` " +":term:`decorator` enabling legacy generator-based coroutines to be " +"compatible with async/await code; remove " +":class:`asyncio.coroutines.CoroWrapper` used for wrapping legacy coroutine " +"objects in the debug mode. The decorator has been deprecated since Python " +"3.8 and the removal was initially scheduled for Python 3.10. Patch by Illia " +"Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18886 +msgid ":issue:`44210`: Make importlib.metadata._meta.PackageMetadata public." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18888 +msgid "" +":issue:`43643`: Declare readers.MultiplexedPath.name as a property per the " +"spec." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18891 +msgid "" +":issue:`27334`: The :mod:`sqlite3` context manager now performs a rollback " +"(thus releasing the database lock) if commit failed. Patch by Luca Citi and" +" Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18895 +msgid "" +":issue:`4928`: Documented existing behavior on POSIX: NamedTemporaryFiles " +"are not deleted when creating process is killed with SIGKILL" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18898 +msgid "" +":issue:`44154`: Optimize :class:`fractions.Fraction` pickling for large " +"components." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18901 +msgid "" +":issue:`33433`: For IPv4 mapped IPv6 addresses (:rfc:`4291` Section " +"2.5.5.2), the :mod:`ipaddress.IPv6Address.is_private` check is deferred to " +"the mapped IPv4 address. This solves a bug where public mapped IPv4 " +"addresses were considered private by the IPv6 check." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18906 +msgid ":issue:`44150`: Add optional *weights* argument to statistics.fmean()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18908 +msgid "" +":issue:`44142`: :func:`ast.unparse` will now drop the redundant parentheses " +"when tuples used as assignment targets (e.g in for loops)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18911 +msgid "" +":issue:`44145`: :mod:`hmac` computations were not releasing the GIL while " +"calling the OpenSSL ``HMAC_Update`` C API (a new feature in 3.9). This " +"unintentionally prevented parallel computation as other :mod:`hashlib` " +"algorithms support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18916 +msgid "" +":issue:`44095`: :class:`zipfile.Path` now supports " +":attr:`zipfile.Path.stem`, :attr:`zipfile.Path.suffixes`, and " +":attr:`zipfile.Path.suffix` attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18919 +msgid "" +":issue:`44077`: It's now possible to receive the type of service (ToS), " +"a.k.a. differentiated services (DS), a.k.a. differentiated services code " +"point (DSCP) and explicit congestion notification (ECN) IP header fields " +"with ``socket.IP_RECVTOS``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18924 +msgid "" +":issue:`37788`: Fix a reference leak when a Thread object is never joined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18926 +msgid "" +":issue:`38908`: Subclasses of ``typing.Protocol`` which only have data " +"variables declared will now raise a ``TypeError`` when checked with " +"``isinstance`` unless they are decorated with :func:`runtime_checkable`. " +"Previously, these checks passed silently. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18931 +msgid "" +":issue:`44098`: ``typing.ParamSpec`` will no longer be found in the " +"``__parameters__`` of most :mod:`typing` generics except in valid use " +"locations specified by :pep:`612`. This prevents incorrect usage like " +"``typing.List[P][int]``. This change means incorrect usage which may have " +"passed silently in 3.10 beta 1 and earlier will now error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18937 +msgid "" +":issue:`44089`: Allow subclassing ``csv.Error`` in 3.10 (it was allowed in " +"3.9 and earlier but was disallowed in early versions of 3.10)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18940 +msgid "" +":issue:`44081`: :func:`ast.unparse` now doesn't use redundant spaces to " +"separate ``lambda`` and the ``:`` if there are no parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18943 +msgid "" +":issue:`44061`: Fix regression in previous release when calling " +":func:`pkgutil.iter_modules` with a list of :class:`pathlib.Path` objects" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18946 +msgid "" +":issue:`44059`: Register the SerenityOS Browser in the :mod:`webbrowser` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18949 +msgid "" +":issue:`36515`: The :mod:`hashlib` module no longer does unaligned memory " +"accesses when compiled for ARM platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18952 +msgid "" +":issue:`40465`: Remove random module features deprecated in Python 3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18954 +msgid ":issue:`44018`: random.seed() no longer mutates bytearray inputs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18956 +msgid "" +":issue:`38352`: Add ``IO``, ``BinaryIO``, ``TextIO``, ``Match``, and " +"``Pattern`` to ``typing.__all__``. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18959 +msgid "" +":issue:`44002`: :mod:`urllib.parse` now uses :func:`functool.lru_cache` for " +"its internal URL splitting and quoting caches instead of rolling its own " +"like its the '90s." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18963 +msgid "" +"The undocumented internal :mod:`urllib.parse` ``Quoted`` class API is now " +"deprecated, for removal in 3.14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18966 +msgid "" +":issue:`43972`: When :class:`http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` sends a " +"``301 (Moved Permanently)`` for a directory path not ending with ``/``, add " +"a ``Content-Length: 0`` header. This improves the behavior for certain " +"clients." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18971 +msgid "" +":issue:`28528`: Fix a bug in :mod:`pdb` where :meth:`~pdb.Pdb.checkline` " +"raises :exc:`AttributeError` if it is called after :meth:`~pdb.Pdb.reset`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18974 +msgid "" +":issue:`43853`: Improved string handling for :mod:`sqlite3` user-defined " +"functions and aggregates:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18977 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to pass strings with embedded null characters to UDFs" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18978 +msgid "Conversion failures now correctly raise :exc:`MemoryError`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18982 +msgid "" +":issue:`43666`: AIX: ``Lib/_aix_support.get_platform()`` may fail in an AIX " +"WPAR. The fileset bos.rte appears to have a builddate in both LPAR and WPAR " +"so this fileset is queried rather than bos.mp64. To prevent a similar " +"situation (no builddate in ODM) a value (9988) sufficient for completing a " +"build is provided. Patch by M Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18988 +msgid "" +":issue:`43650`: Fix :exc:`MemoryError` in :func:`shutil.unpack_archive` " +"which fails inside :func:`shutil._unpack_zipfile` on large files. Patch by " +"Igor Bolshakov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18992 +msgid "" +":issue:`43612`: :func:`zlib.compress` now accepts a wbits parameter which " +"allows users to compress data as a raw deflate block without zlib headers " +"and trailers in one go. Previously this required instantiating a " +"``zlib.compressobj``. It also provides a faster alternative to " +"``gzip.compress`` when wbits=31 is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:18998 +msgid "" +":issue:`43392`: :func:`importlib._bootstrap._find_and_load` now implements a" +" two-step check to avoid locking when modules have been already imported and" +" are ready. This improves performance of repeated calls to " +":func:`importlib.import_module` and :func:`importlib.__import__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19003 +msgid "" +":issue:`43318`: Fix a bug where :mod:`pdb` does not always echo cleared " +"breakpoints." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19006 +msgid "" +":issue:`43234`: Prohibit passing " +"non-:class:`concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` executors to " +":meth:`loop.set_default_executor` following a deprecation in Python 3.8. " +"Patch by Illia Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19011 +msgid "" +":issue:`43232`: Prohibit previously deprecated potentially disruptive " +"operations on :class:`asyncio.trsock.TransportSocket`. Patch by Illia " +"Volochii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19015 +msgid ":issue:`30077`: Added support for Apple's aifc/sowt pseudo-compression" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19017 +msgid "" +":issue:`42971`: Add definition of ``errno.EQFULL`` for platforms that define" +" this constant (such as macOS)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19020 +msgid "" +":issue:`43086`: Added a new optional :code:`strict_mode` parameter to " +"*binascii.a2b_base64*. When :code:`scrict_mode` is set to :code:`True`, the " +"*a2b_base64* function will accept only valid base64 content. More details " +"about what \"valid base64 content\" is, can be found in the function's " +"documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19026 +msgid "" +":issue:`43024`: Improve the help signature of " +":func:`traceback.print_exception`, :func:`traceback.format_exception` and " +":func:`traceback.format_exception_only`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19030 +msgid "" +":issue:`33809`: Add the :meth:`traceback.TracebackException.print` method " +"which prints the formatted exception information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19033 +msgid "" +":issue:`42862`: :mod:`sqlite3` now utilizes :meth:`functools.lru_cache` to " +"implement the connection statement cache. As a small optimisation, the " +"default statement cache size has been increased from 100 to 128. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19038 +msgid "" +":issue:`41818`: Soumendra Ganguly: add termios.tcgetwinsize(), " +"termios.tcsetwinsize()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19041 +msgid "" +":issue:`40497`: :meth:`subprocess.check_output` now raises :exc:`ValueError`" +" when the invalid keyword argument *check* is passed by user code. " +"Previously such use would fail later with a :exc:`TypeError`. Patch by Rémi " +"Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19046 +msgid "" +":issue:`37449`: ``ensurepip`` now uses ``importlib.resources.files()`` " +"traversable APIs" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19049 +msgid "" +":issue:`40956`: Use Argument Clinic in :mod:`sqlite3`. Patches by Erlend E." +" Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19052 +msgid "" +":issue:`41730`: ``DeprecationWarning`` is now raised when importing " +":mod:`tkinter.tix`, which has been deprecated in documentation since Python " +"3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19056 +msgid "" +":issue:`20684`: Remove unused ``_signature_get_bound_param`` function from " +":mod:`inspect` - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19059 +msgid "" +":issue:`41402`: Fix :meth:`email.message.EmailMessage.set_content` when " +"called with binary data and ``7bit`` content transfer encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19062 +msgid "" +":issue:`32695`: The *compresslevel* and *preset* keyword arguments of " +":func:`tarfile.open` are now both documented and tested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19065 +msgid "" +":issue:`41137`: Use utf-8 encoding while reading .pdbrc files. Patch by " +"Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19068 +msgid "" +":issue:`24391`: Improved reprs of :mod:`threading` synchronization objects: " +":class:`~threading.Semaphore`, :class:`~threading.BoundedSemaphore`, " +":class:`~threading.Event` and :class:`~threading.Barrier`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19072 +msgid "" +":issue:`5846`: Deprecated the following :mod:`unittest` functions, scheduled" +" for removal in Python 3.13:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19075 +msgid ":func:`!findTestCases`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19076 +msgid ":func:`!makeSuite`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19077 +msgid ":func:`!getTestCaseNames`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19087 +msgid "" +":issue:`40563`: Support pathlike objects on dbm/shelve. Patch by Hakan Çelik" +" and Henry-Joseph Audéoud." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19090 +msgid "" +":issue:`34990`: Fixed a Y2k38 bug in the compileall module where it would " +"fail to compile files with a modification time after the year 2038." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19093 +msgid "" +":issue:`39549`: Whereas the code for reprlib.Repr had previously used a " +"hardcoded string value of '...', this PR updates it to use of a “fillvalue” " +"attribute, whose value defaults to '...' and can be reset in either " +"individual reprlib.Repr instances or in subclasses thereof." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19098 +msgid "" +":issue:`37022`: :mod:`pdb` now displays exceptions from ``repr()`` with its " +"``p`` and ``pp`` commands." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19101 +msgid "" +":issue:`38840`: Fix ``test___all__`` on platforms lacking a shared memory " +"implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19104 +msgid "" +":issue:`39359`: Add one missing check that the password is a bytes object " +"for an encrypted zipfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19107 +msgid "" +":issue:`38741`: :mod:`configparser`: using ']' inside a section header will " +"no longer cut the section name short at the ']'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19110 +msgid "" +":issue:`38415`: Added missing behavior to " +":func:`contextlib.asynccontextmanager` to match " +":func:`contextlib.contextmanager` so decorated functions can themselves be " +"decorators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19115 +msgid "" +":issue:`30256`: Pass multiprocessing BaseProxy argument ``manager_owned`` " +"through AutoProxy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19118 +msgid "" +":issue:`27513`: :func:`email.utils.getaddresses` now accepts " +":class:`email.header.Header` objects along with string values. Patch by " +"Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19122 +msgid "" +":issue:`16379`: Add SQLite error code and name to :mod:`sqlite3` exceptions." +" Patch by Aviv Palivoda, Daniel Shahaf, and Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19125 +msgid "" +":issue:`26228`: pty.spawn no longer hangs on FreeBSD, macOS, and Solaris." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19127 +msgid ":issue:`33349`: lib2to3 now recognizes async generators everywhere." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19129 +msgid "" +":issue:`29298`: Fix ``TypeError`` when required subparsers without ``dest`` " +"do not receive arguments. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19135 +msgid "" +":issue:`45216`: Remove extra documentation listing methods in ``difflib``. " +"It was rendering twice in pydoc and was outdated in some places." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19138 +msgid "" +":issue:`45024`: :mod:`collections.abc` documentation has been expanded to " +"explicitly cover how instance and subclass checks work, with additional " +"doctest examples and an exhaustive list of ABCs which test membership purely" +" by presence of the right :term:`special method`\\s. Patch by Raymond " +"Hettinger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19144 +msgid "" +":issue:`44957`: Promote PEP 604 union syntax by using it where possible. " +"Also, mention ``X | Y`` more prominently in section about ``Union`` and " +"mention ``X | None`` at all in section about ``Optional``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19148 +msgid "" +":issue:`16580`: Added code equivalents for the :meth:`int.to_bytes` and " +":meth:`int.from_bytes` methods, as well as tests ensuring that these code " +"equivalents are valid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19152 +msgid "" +":issue:`44903`: Removed the ``othergui.rst`` file, any references to it, and" +" the list of GUI frameworks in the FAQ. In their place I've added links to " +"the Python Wiki `page on GUI frameworks " +"`_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19157 +msgid "" +":issue:`33479`: Tkinter documentation has been greatly expanded with new " +"\"Architecture\" and \"Threading model\" sections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19160 +msgid "" +":issue:`36700`: :mod:`base64` RFC references were updated to point to " +":rfc:`4648`; a section was added to point users to the new \"security " +"considerations\" section of the RFC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19164 +msgid "" +":issue:`44740`: Replaced occurrences of uppercase \"Web\" and \"Internet\" " +"with lowercase versions per the 2016 revised Associated Press Style Book." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19167 +msgid "" +":issue:`44693`: Update the definition of __future__ in the glossary by " +"replacing the confusing word \"pseudo-module\" with a more accurate " +"description." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19171 +msgid ":issue:`35183`: Add typical examples to os.path.splitext docs" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19173 +msgid "" +":issue:`30511`: Clarify that :func:`shutil.make_archive` is not thread-safe " +"due to reliance on changing the current working directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19176 +msgid "" +":issue:`44561`: Update of three expired hyperlinks in " +"Doc/distributing/index.rst: \"Project structure\", \"Building and packaging " +"the project\", and \"Uploading the project to the Python Packaging Index\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19180 +msgid "" +":issue:`44651`: Delete entry \"coercion\" in Doc/glossary.rst for its " +"outdated definition." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19183 +msgid "" +":issue:`42958`: Updated the docstring and docs of :func:`filecmp.cmp` to be " +"more accurate and less confusing especially in respect to *shallow* arg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19186 +msgid "" +":issue:`44631`: Refactored the ``repr()`` code of the ``_Environ`` (os " +"module)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19188 +msgid ":issue:`44613`: importlib.metadata is no longer provisional." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19190 +msgid "" +":issue:`44558`: Match the docstring and python implementation of " +":func:`~operator.countOf` to the behavior of its c implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19193 +msgid "" +":issue:`44544`: List all kwargs for :func:`textwrap.wrap`, " +":func:`textwrap.fill`, and :func:`textwrap.shorten`. Now, there are nav " +"links to attributes of :class:`TextWrap`, which makes navigation much easier" +" while minimizing duplication in the documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19198 +msgid "" +":issue:`38062`: Clarify that atexit uses equality comparisons internally." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19200 +msgid "" +":issue:`40620`: Convert examples in tutorial controlflow.rst section 4.3 to " +"be interpreter-demo style." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19203 +msgid "" +":issue:`43066`: Added a warning to :mod:`zipfile` docs: filename arg with a " +"leading slash may cause archive to be un-openable on Windows systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19206 +msgid "" +":issue:`39452`: Rewrote ``Doc/library/__main__.rst``. Broadened scope of the" +" document to explicitly discuss and differentiate between ``__main__.py`` in" +" packages versus the ``__name__ == '__main__'`` expression (and the idioms " +"that surround it)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19211 +msgid "" +":issue:`13814`: In the Design FAQ, answer \"Why don't generators support the" +" with statement?\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19214 +msgid ":issue:`27752`: Documentation of csv.Dialect is more descriptive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19216 +msgid "" +":issue:`44453`: Fix documentation for the return type of " +":func:`sysconfig.get_path`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19219 +msgid "" +":issue:`44392`: Added a new section in the C API documentation for types " +"used in type hinting. Documented ``Py_GenericAlias`` and " +"``Py_GenericAliasType``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19223 +msgid "" +":issue:`38291`: Mark ``typing.io`` and ``typing.re`` as deprecated since " +"Python 3.8 in the documentation. They were never properly supported by type " +"checkers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19227 +msgid "" +":issue:`44322`: Document that SyntaxError args have a details tuple and that" +" details are adjusted for errors in f-string field replacement expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19230 +msgid "" +":issue:`42392`: Document the deprecation and removal of the ``loop`` " +"parameter for many functions and classes in :mod:`asyncio`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19233 +msgid "" +":issue:`44195`: Corrected references to ``TraversableResources`` in docs. " +"There is no ``TraversableReader``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19236 +msgid "" +":issue:`41963`: Document that ``ConfigParser`` strips off comments when " +"reading configuration files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19239 +msgid "" +":issue:`44072`: Correct where in the numeric ABC hierarchy ``**`` support is" +" added, i.e., in numbers.Complex, not numbers.Integral." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19242 +msgid "" +":issue:`43558`: Add the remark to :mod:`dataclasses` documentation that the " +":meth:`__init__` of any base class has to be called in " +":meth:`__post_init__`, along with a code example." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19246 +msgid "" +":issue:`44025`: Clarify when '_' in match statements is a keyword, and when " +"not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19249 +msgid "" +":issue:`41706`: Fix docs about how methods like ``__add__`` are invoked when" +" evaluating operator expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19252 +msgid "" +":issue:`41621`: Document that :class:`collections.defaultdict` parameter " +"``default_factory`` defaults to ``None`` and is positional-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19255 +msgid ":issue:`41576`: document BaseException in favor of bare except" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19257 +msgid "" +":issue:`21760`: The description for __file__ fixed. Patch by Furkan Onder" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19259 +msgid "" +":issue:`39498`: Add a \"Security Considerations\" index which links to " +"standard library modules that have explicitly documented security " +"considerations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19262 +msgid "" +":issue:`33479`: Remove the unqualified claim that tkinter is threadsafe. It " +"has not been true for several years and likely never was. An explanation of " +"what is true may be added later, after more discussion, and possibly after " +"patching _tkinter.c," +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19270 +msgid "" +":issue:`40173`: Fix :func:`test.support.import_helper.import_fresh_module`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19272 +msgid ":issue:`45280`: Add a test case for empty :class:`typing.NamedTuple`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19274 +msgid "" +":issue:`45269`: Cover case when invalid ``markers`` type is supplied to " +"``c_make_encoder``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19277 +msgid "" +":issue:`45128`: Fix ``test_multiprocessing_fork`` failure due to " +"``test_logging`` and ``sys.modules`` manipulation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19280 +msgid "" +":issue:`45209`: Fix ``UserWarning: resource_tracker`` warning in " +"``_test_multiprocessing._TestSharedMemory.test_shared_memory_cleaned_after_process_termination``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19283 +msgid "" +":issue:`45185`: Enables ``TestEnumerations`` test cases in ``test_ssl`` " +"suite." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19285 +msgid "" +":issue:`45195`: Fix test_readline.test_nonascii(): sometimes, the newline " +"character is not written at the end, so don't expect it in the output. Patch" +" by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19289 +msgid "" +":issue:`45156`: Fixes infinite loop on :func:`unittest.mock.seal` of mocks " +"created by :func:`~unittest.create_autospec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19292 +msgid "" +":issue:`45125`: Improves pickling tests and docs of ``SharedMemory`` and " +"``SharableList`` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19295 +msgid "" +":issue:`44860`: Update ``test_sysconfig.test_user_similar()`` for the " +"posix_user scheme: ``platlib`` doesn't use :data:`sys.platlibdir`. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19299 +msgid "" +":issue:`45052`: ``WithProcessesTestSharedMemory.test_shared_memory_basics`` " +"test was ignored, because ``self.assertEqual(sms.size, sms2.size)`` line was" +" failing. It is now removed and test is unskipped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19303 +msgid "" +"The main motivation for this line to be removed from the test is that the " +"``size`` of ``SharedMemory`` is not ever guaranteed to be the same. It is " +"decided by the platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19307 +msgid "" +":issue:`44895`: libregrtest now clears the type cache later to reduce the " +"risk of false alarm when checking for reference leaks. Previously, the type " +"cache was cleared too early and libregrtest raised a false alarm about " +"reference leaks under very specific conditions. Patch by Irit Katriel and " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19313 +msgid "" +":issue:`45042`: Fixes that test classes decorated with " +"``@hashlib_helper.requires_hashdigest`` were skipped all the time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19316 +msgid "" +":issue:`25130`: Add calls of :func:`gc.collect` in tests to support PyPy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19318 +msgid "" +":issue:`45011`: Made tests relying on the :mod:`!_asyncio` C extension " +"module optional to allow running on alternative Python implementations. " +"Patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19322 +msgid "" +":issue:`44949`: Fix auto history tests of test_readline: sometimes, the " +"newline character is not written at the end, so don't expect it in the " +"output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19325 +msgid "" +":issue:`44891`: Tests were added to clarify :func:`id` is preserved when " +"``obj * 1`` is used on :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` objects. Patch by " +"Nikita Sobolev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19329 +msgid "" +":issue:`44852`: Add ability to wholesale silence DeprecationWarnings while " +"running the regression test suite." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19332 +msgid "" +":issue:`40928`: Notify users running test_decimal regression tests on macOS " +"of potential harmless \"malloc can't allocate region\" messages spewed by " +"test_decimal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19336 +msgid ":issue:`44734`: Fixed floating-point precision issue in turtle tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19338 +msgid "" +":issue:`44708`: Regression tests, when run with -w, are now re-running only " +"the affected test methods instead of re-running the entire test file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19341 +msgid "" +":issue:`42095`: Added interop tests for Apple plists: generate plist files " +"with Python plistlib and parse with Apple plutil; and the other way round." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19344 +msgid "" +":issue:`44647`: Added a permanent Unicode-valued environment variable to " +"regression tests to ensure they handle this use case in the future. If your " +"test environment breaks because of that, report a bug to us, and temporarily" +" set PYTHONREGRTEST_UNICODE_GUARD=0 in your test environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19349 +msgid "" +":issue:`44515`: Adjust recently added contextlib tests to avoid assuming the" +" use of a refcounted GC" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19352 +msgid "" +":issue:`44287`: Fix asyncio test_popen() of test_windows_utils by using a " +"longer timeout. Use military grade battle-tested " +":data:`test.support.SHORT_TIMEOUT` timeout rather than a hardcoded timeout " +"of 10 seconds: it's 30 seconds by default, but it is made longer on slow " +"buildbots. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19358 +msgid "" +":issue:`44451`: Reset ``DeprecationWarning`` filters in " +"``test.test_importlib.test_metadata_api.APITests.test_entry_points_by_index``" +" to avoid ``StopIteration`` error if ``DeprecationWarnings`` are ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19362 +msgid "" +":issue:`44363`: Account for address sanitizer in test_capi. test_capi now " +"passes when run GCC address sanitizer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19365 +msgid ":issue:`44364`: Add non integral tests for :func:`math.sqrt` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19367 +msgid "" +":issue:`43921`: Fix test_ssl.test_wrong_cert_tls13(): use " +"``suppress_ragged_eofs=False``, since ``read()`` can raise " +":exc:`ssl.SSLEOFError` on Windows. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19371 +msgid "" +":issue:`43921`: Fix test_pha_required_nocert() of test_ssl: catch two more " +"EOF cases (when the ``recv()`` method returns an empty string). Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19375 +msgid "" +":issue:`44131`: Add test_frozenmain to test_embed to test the " +":c:func:`Py_FrozenMain` C function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19378 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Ignore error string case in test_file_not_exists()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19380 +msgid "" +":issue:`42083`: Add test to check that ``PyStructSequence_NewType`` accepts " +"a ``PyStructSequence_Desc`` with ``doc`` field set to ``NULL``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19383 +msgid "" +":issue:`35753`: Fix crash in doctest when doctest parses modules that " +"include unwrappable functions by skipping those functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19386 +msgid "" +":issue:`30256`: Add test for nested queues when using ``multiprocessing`` " +"shared objects ``AutoProxy[Queue]`` inside ``ListProxy`` and ``DictProxy``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19392 +msgid "" +":issue:`45220`: Avoid building with the Windows 11 SDK previews " +"automatically. This may be overridden by setting the " +"``DefaultWindowsSDKVersion`` environment variable before building." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19396 +msgid "" +":issue:`45020`: Freeze stdlib modules that are imported during startup. " +"This provides significant performance improvements to startup. If " +"necessary, use the previously added \"-X frozen_modules=off\" commandline " +"option to force importing the source modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19401 +msgid "" +":issue:`45188`: Windows builds now regenerate frozen modules as the first " +"part of the build. Previously the regeneration was later in the build, which" +" would require it to be restarted if any modules had changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19405 +msgid ":issue:`45163`: Fixes Haiku platform build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19407 +msgid "" +":issue:`45067`: The ncurses function extended_color_content was introduced " +"in 2017" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19410 +msgid "(https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/NEWS.html#index-t20170401). The" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19412 +msgid "" +"ncurses-devel package in CentOS 7 had a older version ncurses resulted in " +"compilation error. For compiling ncurses with extended color support, we " +"verify the version of the ncurses library >= 20170401." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19416 +msgid "" +":issue:`45019`: Generate lines in relevant files for frozen modules. Up " +"until now each of the files had to be edited manually. This change makes it" +" easier to add to and modify the frozen modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19420 +msgid "" +":issue:`44340`: Add support for building with clang thin lto via --with-" +"lto=thin/full. Patch by Donghee Na and Brett Holman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19423 +msgid "" +":issue:`44535`: Enable building using a Visual Studio 2022 install on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19425 +msgid "" +":issue:`43298`: Improved error message when building without a Windows SDK " +"installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19428 +msgid "" +":issue:`44381`: The Windows build now accepts " +":envvar:`EnableControlFlowGuard` set to ``guard`` to enable CFG." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19431 +msgid "" +":issue:`41282`: Fix broken ``make install`` that caused standard library " +"extension modules to be unnecessarily and incorrectly rebuilt during the " +"install phase of cpython." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19438 +msgid "" +":issue:`45375`: Fixes an assertion failure due to searching for the standard" +" library in unnormalised paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19441 +msgid ":issue:`45022`: Update Windows release to include libffi 3.4.2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19443 +msgid ":issue:`45007`: Update to OpenSSL 1.1.1l in Windows build" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19445 +msgid ":issue:`44848`: Upgrade Windows installer to use SQLite 3.36.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19447 +msgid "" +":issue:`44572`: Avoid consuming standard input in the :mod:`platform` module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19449 +msgid "" +":issue:`44582`: Accelerate speed of :mod:`mimetypes` initialization using a " +"native implementation of the registry scan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19452 +msgid "" +":issue:`41299`: Fix 16 milliseconds jitter when using timeouts in " +":mod:`threading`, such as with :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire` or " +":meth:`threading.Condition.wait`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19456 +msgid "" +":issue:`42686`: Build :mod:`sqlite3` with math functions enabled. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19459 +msgid "" +":issue:`40263`: This is a follow-on bug from " +"https://bugs.python.org/issue26903. Once that is applied we run into an off-" +"by-one assertion problem. The assert was not correct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19466 +msgid ":issue:`45007`: Update macOS installer builds to use OpenSSL 1.1.1l." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19468 +msgid "" +":issue:`34602`: When building CPython on macOS with ``./configure --with-" +"undefined-behavior-sanitizer --with-pydebug``, the stack size is now " +"quadrupled to allow for the entire test suite to pass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19472 +msgid ":issue:`44848`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.36.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19474 +msgid "" +":issue:`44689`: :meth:`ctypes.util.find_library` now works correctly on " +"macOS 11 Big Sur even if Python is built on an older version of macOS. " +"Previously, when built on older macOS systems, ``find_library`` was not able" +" to find macOS system libraries when running on Big Sur due to changes in " +"how system libraries are stored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19480 +msgid "" +":issue:`41972`: The framework build's user header path in sysconfig is " +"changed to add a 'pythonX.Y' component to match distutils's behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19483 +msgid "" +":issue:`43109`: Allow --with-lto configure option to work with Apple-" +"supplied Xcode or Command Line Tools." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19486 +msgid "" +":issue:`34932`: Add socket.TCP_KEEPALIVE support for macOS. Patch by Shane " +"Harvey." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19492 +msgid "" +":issue:`45296`: On Windows, change exit/quit message to suggest Ctrl-D, " +"which works, instead of , which does not work in IDLE." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19495 +msgid ":issue:`45193`: Make completion boxes appear on Ubuntu again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19497 +msgid "" +":issue:`40128`: Mostly fix completions on macOS when not using tcl/tk 8.6.11" +" (as with 3.9). The added update_idletask call should be harmless and " +"possibly helpful otherwise." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19501 +msgid "" +":issue:`33962`: Move the indent space setting from the Font tab to the new " +"Windows tab. Patch by Mark Roseman and Terry Jan Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19504 +msgid "" +":issue:`40468`: Split the settings dialog General tab into Windows and " +"Shell/ED tabs. Move help sources, which extend the Help menu, to the " +"Extensions tab. Make space for new options and shorten the dialog. The " +"latter makes the dialog better fit small screens." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19509 +msgid "" +":issue:`41611`: Avoid uncaught exceptions in " +"``AutoCompleteWindow.winconfig_event()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19512 +msgid "" +":issue:`41611`: Fix IDLE sometimes freezing upon tab-completion on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19514 +msgid "" +":issue:`44010`: Highlight the new :ref:`match ` statement's " +":ref:`soft keywords `: :keyword:`match`, :keyword:`case " +"`, and :keyword:`_ `. However, this highlighting " +"is not perfect and will be incorrect in some rare cases, including some " +"``_``-s in ``case`` patterns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19520 +msgid "" +":issue:`44026`: Include interpreter's typo fix suggestions in message line " +"for NameErrors and AttributeErrors. Patch by E. Paine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19526 +msgid "" +":issue:`44786`: Fix a warning in regular expression in the c-analyzer " +"script." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19528 +msgid "" +":issue:`44967`: pydoc now returns a non-zero status code when a module " +"cannot be found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19531 +msgid "" +":issue:`44978`: Allow the Argument Clinic tool to handle ``__complex__`` " +"special methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19534 +msgid "" +":issue:`43425`: Removed the 'test2to3' demo project that demonstrated using " +"lib2to3 to support Python 2.x and Python 3.x from a single source in a " +"distutils package. Patch by Donghee Na" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19538 +msgid "" +":issue:`44074`: Make patchcheck automatically detect the correct base branch" +" name (previously it was hardcoded to 'master')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19541 +msgid "" +":issue:`20291`: Added support for variadic positional parameters in Argument" +" Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19547 +msgid "" +":issue:`41710`: The PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() function now clamps the " +"timeout if it is too large, rather than aborting the process. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19551 +msgid "" +":issue:`44687`: :meth:`BufferedReader.peek` no longer raises " +":exc:`ValueError` when the entire file has already been buffered." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19554 +msgid "" +":issue:`45116`: Add the :c:macro:`Py_ALWAYS_INLINE` macro to ask the " +"compiler to always inline a static inline function. The compiler can ignore " +"it and decides to not inline the function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19558 +msgid "" +":issue:`45094`: Add the :c:macro:`Py_NO_INLINE` macro to disable inlining on" +" a function. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19561 +msgid "" +":issue:`45061`: Add a deallocator to the :class:`bool` type to detect " +"refcount bugs in C extensions which call ``Py_DECREF(Py_True);`` or " +"``Py_DECREF(Py_False);`` by mistake. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19565 +msgid "" +":issue:`42035`: Add a new :c:func:`PyType_GetQualName` function to get " +"type's qualified name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19568 +msgid "" +":issue:`41103`: Reverts removal of the old buffer protocol because they are " +"part of stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19571 +msgid "" +":issue:`44751`: Remove ``crypt.h`` include from the public ``Python.h`` " +"header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19573 +msgid "" +":issue:`42747`: The ``Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG`` type flag now does " +"nothing. The ``Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_AM_SEND`` flag (which was added in 3.10) is " +"removed. Both were unnecessary because it is not possible to have type " +"objects with the relevant fields missing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19578 +msgid "" +":issue:`44530`: Added the ``co_qualname`` to the ``PyCodeObject`` structure " +"to propagate the qualified name from the compiler to code objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19581 +msgid "Patch by Gabriele N. Tornetta" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19583 +msgid "" +":issue:`44441`: :c:func:`Py_RunMain` now resets :c:data:`PyImport_Inittab` " +"to its initial value at exit. It must be possible to call " +":c:func:`PyImport_AppendInittab` or :c:func:`PyImport_ExtendInittab` at each" +" Python initialization. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19588 +msgid "" +":issue:`39947`: Remove 4 private trashcan C API functions which were only " +"kept for the backward compatibility of the stable ABI with Python 3.8 and " +"older, since the trashcan API was not usable with the limited C API on " +"Python 3.8 and older. The trashcan API was excluded from the limited C API " +"in Python 3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19594 +msgid "Removed functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19596 +msgid "_PyTrash_deposit_object()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19597 +msgid "_PyTrash_destroy_chain()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19598 +msgid "_PyTrash_thread_deposit_object()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19599 +msgid "_PyTrash_thread_destroy_chain()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19601 +msgid "" +"The trashcan C API was never usable with the limited C API, since old " +"trashcan macros accessed directly :c:type:`PyThreadState` members like " +"``_tstate->trash_delete_nesting``, whereas the :c:type:`PyThreadState` " +"structure is opaque in the limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19606 +msgid "Exclude also the ``PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL`` constant from the C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19610 +msgid "" +":issue:`40939`: Removed documentation for the removed ``PyParser_*`` C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19612 +msgid "" +":issue:`43795`: The list in :ref:`limited-api-list` now shows the public " +"name :c:struct:`PyFrameObject` rather than ``_frame``. The non-existing " +"entry ``_node`` no longer appears in the list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19616 +msgid "" +":issue:`44378`: :c:func:`Py_IS_TYPE` no longer uses :c:func:`Py_TYPE` to " +"avoid a compiler warning: no longer cast ``const PyObject*`` to " +"``PyObject*``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19620 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Convert the :c:func:`Py_TYPE` and :c:func:`Py_SIZE` macros " +"to static inline functions. The :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE` and " +":c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE` functions must now be used to set an object type and " +"size. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19625 +msgid "" +":issue:`44263`: The :c:func:`PyType_Ready` function now raises an error if a" +" type is defined with the :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag set but has no " +"traverse function (:c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`). Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19630 +msgid "" +":issue:`43795`: The undocumented function :c:func:`Py_FrozenMain` is removed" +" from the Limited API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19633 +msgid "" +":issue:`44113`: Deprecate the following functions to configure the Python " +"initialization:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19636 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode`" + +#: ../NEWS:19637 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddWarnOption`" + +#: ../NEWS:19638 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_AddXOption`" + +#: ../NEWS:19639 +msgid ":c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!PySys_HasWarnOptions`" + +#: ../NEWS:19640 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPath`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPath`" + +#: ../NEWS:19641 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName`" + +#: ../NEWS:19642 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome`" + +#: ../NEWS:19643 +msgid ":c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`" + +#: ../NEWS:19644 +msgid ":c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`" +msgstr ":c:func:`!_Py_SetProgramFullPath`" + +#: ../NEWS:19646 +msgid "" +"Use the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization " +"Configuration ` instead (:pep:`587`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19649 +msgid "" +":issue:`44094`: Remove ``PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithUnicodeFilename()``, " +"``PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithUnicodeFilename()``, and " +"``PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithUnicodeFilename()``. They are not documented" +" and have been deprecated since Python 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19654 +msgid "" +":issue:`43795`: :c:func:`PyCodec_Unregister` is now properly exported as a " +"function in the Windows Stable ABI DLL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19657 +msgid "" +":issue:`44029`: Remove deprecated ``Py_UNICODE`` APIs: ``PyUnicode_Encode``," +" ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7``, ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8``, " +"``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16``, ``PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32``, " +"``PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1``, ``PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS``, " +"``PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal``, ``PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape``, " +"``PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap``, ``PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape``, " +"``PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII``, ``PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap``, " +"``PyUnicodeEncodeError_Create``, ``PyUnicodeTranslateError_Create``. See " +":pep:`393` and :pep:`624` for reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19667 +msgid "" +":issue:`42035`: Add a new :c:func:`PyType_GetName` function to get type's " +"short name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19672 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 beta 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19674 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-05-03*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2021-05-03*" + +#: ../NEWS:19679 +msgid "" +":issue:`43434`: Creating :class:`sqlite3.Connection` objects now also " +"produces ``sqlite3.connect`` and ``sqlite3.connect/handle`` :ref:`auditing " +"events `. Previously these events were only produced by " +":func:`sqlite3.connect` calls. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19684 +msgid "" +":issue:`43998`: The :mod:`ssl` module sets more secure cipher suites " +"defaults. Ciphers without forward secrecy and with SHA-1 MAC are disabled by" +" default. Security level 2 prohibits weak RSA, DH, and ECC keys with less " +"than 112 bits of security. :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` defaults to minimum " +"protocol version TLS 1.2. Settings are based on Hynek Schlawack's research." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19691 +msgid "" +":issue:`43882`: The presence of newline or tab characters in parts of a URL " +"could allow some forms of attacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19694 +msgid "" +"Following the controlling specification for URLs defined by WHATWG " +":func:`urllib.parse` now removes ASCII newlines and tabs from URLs, " +"preventing such attacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19698 +msgid "" +":issue:`43472`: Ensures interpreter-level audit hooks receive the " +"``cpython.PyInterpreterState_New`` event when called through the " +"``_xxsubinterpreters`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19702 +msgid "" +":issue:`43362`: Fix invalid free in _sha3 module. The issue was introduced " +"in 3.10.0a1. Python 3.9 and earlier are not affected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19705 +msgid "" +":issue:`43762`: Add audit events for :func:`sqlite3.connect/handle`, " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension`, and " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.load_extension`. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19709 +msgid "" +":issue:`43756`: Add new audit event ``glob.glob/2`` to incorporate the new " +"*root_dir* and *dir_fd* arguments added to :func:`glob.glob` and " +":func:`glob.iglob`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19713 +msgid "" +":issue:`36384`: :mod:`ipaddress` module no longer accepts any leading zeros " +"in IPv4 address strings. Leading zeros are ambiguous and interpreted as " +"octal notation by some libraries. For example the legacy function " +":func:`socket.inet_aton` treats leading zeros as octal notation. glibc " +"implementation of modern :func:`~socket.inet_pton` does not accept any " +"leading zeros. For a while the :mod:`ipaddress` module used to accept " +"ambiguous leading zeros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19721 +msgid "" +":issue:`43075`: Fix Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) " +"vulnerability in :class:`urllib.request.AbstractBasicAuthHandler`. The " +"ReDoS-vulnerable regex has quadratic worst-case complexity and it allows " +"cause a denial of service when identifying crafted invalid RFCs. This ReDoS " +"issue is on the client side and needs remote attackers to control the HTTP " +"server." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19727 +msgid "" +":issue:`42800`: Audit hooks are now fired for frame.f_code, " +"traceback.tb_frame, and generator code/frame attribute access." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19730 +msgid ":issue:`37363`: Add audit events to the :mod:`http.client` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19735 +msgid "" +":issue:`43977`: Prevent classes being both a sequence and a mapping when " +"pattern matching." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19738 +msgid "" +":issue:`43977`: Use :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_flags` on the class object " +"to determine if the subject is a sequence or mapping when pattern matching. " +"Avoids the need to import :mod:`collections.abc` when pattern matching." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19742 +msgid "" +":issue:`43892`: Restore proper validation of complex literal value patterns " +"when parsing :keyword:`!match` blocks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19745 +msgid "" +":issue:`43933`: Set frame.f_lineno to the line number of the 'with' kweyword" +" when executing the call to ``__exit__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19748 +msgid "" +":issue:`43933`: If the current position in a frame has no line number then " +"set the f_lineno attribute to None, instead of -1, to conform to PEP 626. " +"This should not normally be possible, but might occur in some unusual " +"circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19753 +msgid "" +":issue:`43963`: Importing the :mod:`!_signal` module in a subinterpreter has" +" no longer side effects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19756 +msgid "" +":issue:`42739`: The internal representation of line number tables is changed" +" to not use sentinels, and an explicit length parameter is added to the out " +"of process API function ``PyLineTable_InitAddressRange``. This makes the " +"handling of line number tables more robust in some circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19761 +msgid "" +":issue:`43908`: Make :mod:`re` types immutable. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19763 +msgid "" +":issue:`43908`: Make the :class:`array.array` type immutable. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19766 +msgid "" +":issue:`43901`: Change class and module objects to lazy-create empty " +"annotations dicts on demand. The annotations dicts are stored in the " +"object's __dict__ for backwards compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19770 +msgid "" +":issue:`43892`: Match patterns now use new dedicated AST nodes " +"(``MatchValue``, ``MatchSingleton``, ``MatchSequence``, ``MatchStar``, " +"``MatchMapping``, ``MatchClass``) rather than reusing expression AST nodes. " +"``MatchAs`` and ``MatchOr`` are now defined as pattern nodes rather than as " +"expression nodes. Patch by Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19776 +msgid "" +":issue:`42725`: Usage of ``await``/``yield``/``yield from`` and named " +"expressions within an annotation is now forbidden when PEP 563 is activated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19780 +msgid "" +":issue:`43754`: When performing structural pattern matching (:pep:`634`), " +"captured names are now left unbound until the *entire* pattern has matched " +"successfully." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19784 +msgid "" +":issue:`42737`: Annotations for complex targets (everything beside simple " +"names) no longer cause any runtime effects with ``from __future__ import " +"annotations``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19788 +msgid "" +":issue:`43914`: :exc:`SyntaxError` exceptions raised by the interpreter will" +" highlight the full error range of the expression that constitutes the " +"syntax error itself, instead of just where the problem is detected. Patch by" +" Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19793 +msgid "" +":issue:`38605`: Revert making ``from __future__ import annotations`` the " +"default. This follows the Steering Council decision to postpone PEP 563 " +"changes to at least Python 3.11. See the original email for more information" +" regarding the decision: https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-" +"dev@python.org/thread/CLVXXPQ2T2LQ5MP2Y53VVQFCXYWQJHKZ/. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19800 +msgid "" +":issue:`43475`: Hashes of NaN values now depend on object identity. " +"Formerly, they always hashed to 0 even though NaN values are not equal to " +"one another. Having the same hash for unequal values caused pile-ups in " +"hash tables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19805 +msgid "" +":issue:`43859`: Improve the error message for :exc:`IndentationError` " +"exceptions. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19808 +msgid "" +":issue:`41323`: Constant tuple folding in bytecode optimizer now reuses " +"tuple in constant table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19811 +msgid "" +":issue:`43846`: Data stack usage is much reduced for large literal and call " +"expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19814 +msgid "" +":issue:`38530`: When printing :exc:`NameError` raised by the interpreter, " +":c:func:`PyErr_Display` will offer suggestions of similar variable names in " +"the function that the exception was raised from. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19818 +msgid "" +":issue:`43823`: Improve syntax errors for invalid dictionary literals. Patch" +" by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19821 +msgid "" +":issue:`43822`: Improve syntax errors in the parser for missing commas " +"between expressions. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19824 +msgid "" +":issue:`43798`: :class:`ast.alias` nodes now include source location " +"metadata attributes e.g. lineno, col_offset." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19827 +msgid "" +":issue:`43797`: Improve ``SyntaxError`` error messages for invalid " +"comparisons. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19830 +msgid "" +":issue:`43760`: Move the flag for checking whether tracing is enabled to the" +" C stack, from the heap. Should speed up dispatch in the interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19833 +msgid "" +":issue:`43682`: Static methods (:func:`@staticmethod `) and " +"class methods (:func:`@classmethod `) now inherit the method " +"attributes (``__module__``, ``__name__``, ``__qualname__``, ``__doc__``, " +"``__annotations__``) and have a new ``__wrapped__`` attribute. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19839 +msgid "" +":issue:`43751`: Fixed a bug where ``anext(ait, default)`` would erroneously " +"return None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19842 +msgid "" +":issue:`42128`: :data:`~object.__match_args__` is no longer allowed to be a " +"list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19845 +msgid "" +":issue:`43683`: Add GEN_START opcode. Marks start of generator, including " +"async, or coroutine and handles sending values to a newly created generator " +"or coroutine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19849 +msgid "" +":issue:`43105`: Importlib now resolves relative paths when creating module " +"spec objects from file locations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19852 +msgid "" +":issue:`43682`: Static methods (:func:`@staticmethod `) are " +"now callable as regular functions. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19855 +msgid "" +":issue:`42609`: Prevented crashes in the AST validator and optimizer when " +"compiling some absurdly long expressions like ``\"+0\"*1000000``. " +":exc:`RecursionError` is now raised instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19859 +msgid "" +":issue:`38530`: When printing :exc:`AttributeError`, :c:func:`PyErr_Display`" +" will offer suggestions of similar attribute names in the object that the " +"exception was raised from. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19866 +msgid "" +":issue:`44015`: In @dataclass(), raise a TypeError if KW_ONLY is specified " +"more than once." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19869 +msgid "" +":issue:`25478`: Added a *total()* method to collections.Counter() to compute" +" the sum of the counts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19872 +msgid "" +":issue:`43733`: Change :class:`netrc.netrc` to use UTF-8 encoding before " +"using locale encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19875 +msgid "" +":issue:`43979`: Removed an unnecessary list comprehension before looping " +"from :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl`. Patch by Christoph Zwerschke and " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19879 +msgid ":issue:`43993`: Update bundled pip to 21.1.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19881 +msgid "" +":issue:`43957`: [Enum] Deprecate ``TypeError`` when non-member is used in a " +"containment check; In 3.12 ``True`` or ``False`` will be returned instead, " +"and containment will return ``True`` if the value is either a member of that" +" enum or one of its members' value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19886 +msgid "" +":issue:`42904`: For backwards compatibility with previous minor versions of " +"Python, if :func:`typing.get_type_hints` receives no namespace dictionary " +"arguments, :func:`typing.get_type_hints` will search through the global then" +" local namespaces during evaluation of stringized type annotations (string " +"forward references) inside a class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19892 +msgid "" +":issue:`43945`: [Enum] Deprecate non-standard mixin format() behavior: in " +"3.12 the enum member, not the member's value, will be used for format() " +"calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19895 +msgid ":issue:`41139`: Deprecate undocumented ``cgi.log()`` API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19897 +msgid "" +":issue:`43937`: Fixed the :mod:`turtle` module working with non-default root" +" window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19900 +msgid ":issue:`43930`: Update bundled pip to 21.1 and setuptools to 56.0.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19902 +msgid "" +":issue:`43907`: Fix a bug in the pure-Python pickle implementation when " +"using protocol 5, where bytearray instances that occur several time in the " +"pickled object graph would incorrectly unpickle into repeated copies of the " +"bytearray object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19907 +msgid "" +":issue:`43926`: In ``importlib.metadata``, provide a uniform interface to " +"``Description``, allow for any field to be encoded with multiline values, " +"remove continuation lines from multiline values, and add a ``.json`` " +"property for easy access to the PEP 566 JSON-compatible form. Sync with " +"``importlib_metadata 4.0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19913 +msgid "" +":issue:`43920`: OpenSSL 3.0.0: :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_verify_locations`" +" now returns a consistent error message when cadata contains no valid " +"certificate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19917 +msgid "" +":issue:`43607`: :mod:`urllib` can now convert Windows paths with ``\\\\?\\``" +" prefixes into URL paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19920 +msgid "" +":issue:`43817`: Add :func:`inspect.get_annotations`, which safely computes " +"the annotations defined on an object. It works around the quirks of " +"accessing the annotations from various types of objects, and makes very few " +"assumptions about the object passed in. :func:`inspect.get_annotations` can " +"also correctly un-stringize stringized annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19926 +msgid "" +":func:`inspect.signature`, :func:`inspect.from_callable`, and " +":func:`inspect.from_function` now call :func:`inspect.get_annotations` to " +"retrieve annotations. This means :func:`inspect.signature` and " +":func:`inspect.from_callable` can now un-stringize stringized annotations, " +"too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19932 +msgid "" +":issue:`43284`: platform.win32_ver derives the windows version from " +"sys.getwindowsversion().platform_version which in turn derives the version " +"from kernel32.dll (which can be of a different version than Windows itself)." +" Therefore change the platform.win32_ver to determine the version using the " +"platform module's _syscmd_ver private function to return an accurate " +"version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19939 +msgid "" +":issue:`42854`: The :mod:`ssl` module now uses ``SSL_read_ex`` and " +"``SSL_write_ex`` internally. The functions support reading and writing of " +"data larger than 2 GB. Writing zero-length data no longer fails with a " +"protocol violation error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19944 +msgid "" +":issue:`42333`: Port ``_ssl`` extension module to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19946 +msgid "" +":issue:`43880`: :mod:`ssl` now raises DeprecationWarning for OP_NO_SSL/TLS* " +"options, old TLS versions, old protocols, and other features that have been " +"deprecated since Python 3.6, 3.7, or OpenSSL 1.1.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19950 +msgid "" +":issue:`41559`: :pep:`612` is now implemented purely in Python; builtin " +"``types.GenericAlias`` objects no longer include ``typing.ParamSpec`` in " +"``__parameters__`` (with the exception of ``collections.abc.Callable``\\ 's " +"``GenericAlias``). This means previously invalid uses of ``ParamSpec`` (such" +" as ``list[P]``) which worked in earlier versions of Python 3.10 alpha, will" +" now raise ``TypeError`` during substitution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19957 +msgid "" +":issue:`43867`: The :mod:`multiprocessing` ``Server`` class now explicitly " +"catches :exc:`SystemExit` and closes the client connection in this case. It " +"happens when the ``Server.serve_client()`` method reaches the end of file " +"(EOF)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19962 +msgid "" +":issue:`40443`: Remove unused imports: pyclbr no longer uses copy, and " +"typing no longer uses ast. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19965 +msgid "" +":issue:`43820`: Remove an unneeded copy of the namespace passed to " +"dataclasses.make_dataclass()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19968 +msgid "" +":issue:`43787`: Add ``__iter__()`` method to :class:`bz2.BZ2File`, " +":class:`gzip.GzipFile`, and :class:`lzma.LZMAFile`. It makes iterating them " +"about 2x faster. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19972 +msgid "" +":issue:`43680`: Deprecate io.OpenWrapper and _pyio.OpenWrapper: use io.open " +"and _pyio.open instead. Until Python 3.9, _pyio.open was not a static method" +" and builtins.open was set to OpenWrapper to not become a bound method when " +"set to a class variable. _io.open is a built-in function whereas _pyio.open " +"is a Python function. In Python 3.10, _pyio.open() is now a static method, " +"and builtins.open() is now io.open()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19979 +msgid "" +":issue:`43680`: The Python :func:`!_pyio.open` function becomes a static " +"method to behave as :func:`io.open` built-in function: don't become a bound " +"method when stored as a class variable. It becomes possible since static " +"methods are now callable in Python 3.10. Moreover, " +":func:`!_pyio.OpenWrapper` becomes a simple alias to :func:`!_pyio.open`. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19986 +msgid "" +":issue:`41515`: Fix :exc:`KeyError` raised in :func:`typing.get_type_hints` " +"due to synthetic modules that don't appear in ``sys.modules``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19989 +msgid "" +":issue:`43776`: When :class:`subprocess.Popen` args are provided as a string" +" or as :class:`pathlib.Path`, the Popen instance repr now shows the right " +"thing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19993 +msgid "" +":issue:`42248`: [Enum] ensure exceptions raised in ``_missing__`` are " +"released" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19995 +msgid "" +":issue:`43744`: fix issue with enum member name matching the start of a " +"private variable name" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:19998 +msgid "" +":issue:`43772`: Fixed the return value of ``TypeVar.__ror__``. Patch by " +"Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20001 +msgid "" +":issue:`43764`: Add match_args parameter to @dataclass decorator to allow " +"suppression of __match_args__ generation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20004 +msgid "" +":issue:`43799`: OpenSSL 3.0.0: define ``OPENSSL_API_COMPAT`` 1.1.1 to " +"suppress deprecation warnings. Python requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20007 +msgid "" +":issue:`43478`: Mocks can no longer be used as the specs for other Mocks. As" +" a result, an already-mocked object cannot have an attribute mocked using " +"``autospec=True`` or be the subject of a ``create_autospec(...)`` call. This" +" can uncover bugs in tests since these Mock-derived Mocks will always pass " +"certain tests (e.g. :func:`isinstance`) and builtin assert functions (e.g. " +"assert_called_once_with) will unconditionally pass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20014 +msgid "" +":issue:`43794`: Add :const:`ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF` constants (OpenSSL" +" 3.0.0)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20017 +msgid "" +":issue:`43785`: Improve ``bz2.BZ2File`` performance by removing the RLock " +"from BZ2File. This makes BZ2File thread unsafe in the face of multiple " +"simultaneous readers or writers, just like its equivalent classes in " +":mod:`gzip` and :mod:`lzma` have always been. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20022 +msgid "" +":issue:`43789`: OpenSSL 3.0.0: Don't call the password callback function a " +"second time when first call has signaled an error condition." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20025 +msgid "" +":issue:`43788`: The header files for :mod:`ssl` error codes are now OpenSSL " +"version-specific. Exceptions will now show correct reason and library codes." +" The ``make_ssl_data.py`` script has been rewritten to use OpenSSL's text " +"file with error codes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20030 +msgid "" +":issue:`43766`: Implement :pep:`647` in the :mod:`typing` module by adding " +":data:`TypeGuard`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20033 +msgid "" +":issue:`25264`: :func:`os.path.realpath` now accepts a *strict* keyword-only" +" argument. When set to ``True``, :exc:`OSError` is raised if a path doesn't " +"exist or a symlink loop is encountered." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20037 +msgid "" +":issue:`43780`: In ``importlib.metadata``, incorporate changes from " +"importlib_metadata 3.10: Add mtime-based caching during distribution " +"discovery. Flagged use of dict result from ``entry_points()`` as deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20042 +msgid "" +":gh:`47383`: The ``P.args`` and ``P.kwargs`` attributes of " +":class:`typing.ParamSpec` are now instances of the new classes " +":class:`typing.ParamSpecArgs` and :class:`typing.ParamSpecKwargs`, which " +"enables a more useful ``repr()``. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20047 +msgid "" +":issue:`43731`: Add an ``encoding`` parameter :func:`logging.fileConfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20049 +msgid "" +":issue:`43712`: Add ``encoding`` and ``errors`` parameters to " +":func:`fileinput.input` and :class:`fileinput.FileInput`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20052 +msgid "" +":issue:`38659`: A ``simple_enum`` decorator is added to the ``enum`` module " +"to convert a normal class into an Enum. ``test_simple_enum`` added to test " +"simple enums against a corresponding normal Enum. Standard library modules " +"updated to use ``simple_enum``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20057 +msgid "" +":issue:`43764`: Fix an issue where :data:`~object.__match_args__` generation" +" could fail for some :mod:`dataclasses`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20060 +msgid "" +":issue:`43752`: Fix :mod:`sqlite3` regression for zero-sized blobs with " +"converters, where ``b\"\"`` was returned instead of ``None``. The regression" +" was introduced by PR 24723. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20064 +msgid "" +":issue:`43655`: :mod:`tkinter` dialog windows are now recognized as dialogs " +"by window managers on macOS and X Window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20067 +msgid "" +":issue:`43723`: The following ``threading`` methods are now deprecated and " +"should be replaced:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20070 +msgid "``currentThread`` => :func:`threading.current_thread`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20072 +msgid "``activeCount`` => :func:`threading.active_count`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20074 +msgid "``Condition.notifyAll`` => :meth:`threading.Condition.notify_all`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20076 +msgid "``Event.isSet`` => :meth:`threading.Event.is_set`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20078 +msgid "``Thread.setName`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.name`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20080 +msgid "``thread.getName`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.name`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20082 +msgid "``Thread.isDaemon`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20084 +msgid "``Thread.setDaemon`` => :attr:`threading.Thread.daemon`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20086 +msgid "Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20088 +msgid "" +":issue:`2135`: Deprecate find_module() and find_loader() implementations in " +"importlib and zipimport." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20091 +msgid "" +":issue:`43534`: :func:`turtle.textinput` and :func:`turtle.numinput` create " +"now a transient window working on behalf of the canvas window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20094 +msgid "" +":issue:`43532`: Add the ability to specify keyword-only fields to " +"dataclasses. These fields will become keyword-only arguments to the " +"generated __init__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20097 +msgid "" +":issue:`43522`: Fix problem with " +":attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name`. OpenSSL does not copy " +"hostflags from *struct SSL_CTX* to *struct SSL*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20101 +msgid "" +":issue:`8978`: Improve error message for :func:`tarfile.open` when " +":mod:`lzma` / :mod:`bz2` are unavailable. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20104 +msgid "" +":issue:`42967`: Allow :class:`bytes` ``separator`` argument in " +"``urllib.parse.parse_qs`` and ``urllib.parse.parse_qsl`` when parsing " +":class:`str` query strings. Previously, this raised a ``TypeError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20108 +msgid "" +":issue:`43296`: Improve :mod:`sqlite3` error handling: " +"``sqlite3_value_blob()`` errors that set ``SQLITE_NOMEM`` now raise " +":exc:`MemoryError`. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20112 +msgid "" +":issue:`43312`: New functions :func:`sysconfig.get_preferred_scheme` and " +":func:`sysconfig.get_default_scheme` are added to query a platform for its " +"preferred \"user\", \"home\", and \"prefix\" (default) scheme names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20116 +msgid "" +":issue:`43265`: Improve :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.backup` error handling. " +"The error message for non-existent target database names is now ``unknown " +"database `` instead of ``SQL logic error``. Patch by Erlend " +"E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20121 +msgid "" +":issue:`41282`: Install schemes in ``distutils.command.install`` are now " +"loaded from :mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20124 +msgid "" +":issue:`41282`: ``distutils.sysconfig`` has been merged to :mod:`sysconfig`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20126 +msgid "" +":issue:`43176`: Fixed processing of a dataclass that inherits from a frozen " +"dataclass with no fields. It is now correctly detected as an error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20129 +msgid "" +":issue:`43080`: :mod:`pprint` now has support for " +":class:`dataclasses.dataclass`. Patch by Lewis Gaul." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20132 +msgid "" +":issue:`39950`: Add ``pathlib.Path.hardlink_to()`` method that supersedes " +"``link_to()``. The new method has the same argument order as " +"``symlink_to()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20136 +msgid "" +":issue:`42904`: :func:`typing.get_type_hints` now checks the local namespace" +" of a class when evaluating :pep:`563` annotations inside said class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20139 +msgid "" +":issue:`42269`: Add ``slots`` parameter to ``dataclasses.dataclass`` " +"decorator to automatically generate ``__slots__`` for class. Patch provided " +"by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20143 +msgid "" +":issue:`39529`: Deprecated use of :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` without " +"running event loop. Emit deprecation warning for :mod:`asyncio` functions " +"which implicitly create a :class:`~asyncio.Future` or :class:`~asyncio.Task`" +" objects if there is no running event loop and no explicit *loop* argument " +"is passed: :func:`~asyncio.ensure_future`, :func:`~asyncio.wrap_future`, " +":func:`~asyncio.gather`, :func:`~asyncio.shield`, " +":func:`~asyncio.as_completed` and constructors of :class:`~asyncio.Future`, " +":class:`~asyncio.Task`, :class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`, " +":class:`~asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20153 +msgid "" +":issue:`18369`: Certificate and PrivateKey classes were added to the ssl " +"module. Certificates and keys can now be loaded from memory buffer, too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20156 +msgid "" +":issue:`41486`: Use a new output buffer management code for :mod:`bz2` / " +":mod:`lzma` / :mod:`zlib` modules, and add ``.readall()`` function to " +"``_compression.DecompressReader`` class. These bring some performance " +"improvements. Patch by Ma Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20161 +msgid "" +":issue:`31870`: The :func:`ssl.get_server_certificate` function now has a " +"*timeout* parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20164 +msgid "" +":issue:`41735`: Fix thread locks in zlib module may go wrong in rare case. " +"Patch by Ma Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20167 +msgid "" +":issue:`36470`: Fix dataclasses with ``InitVar``\\s and " +":func:`~dataclasses.replace`. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20170 +msgid ":issue:`40849`: Expose X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN ssl flag" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20172 +msgid "" +":issue:`35114`: :func:`ssl.RAND_status` now returns a boolean value (as " +"documented) instead of ``1`` or ``0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20175 +msgid "" +":issue:`39906`: :meth:`pathlib.Path.stat` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod` " +"now accept a *follow_symlinks* keyword-only argument for consistency with " +"corresponding functions in the :mod:`os` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20179 +msgid "" +":issue:`39899`: :func:`os.path.expanduser` now refuses to guess Windows home" +" directories if the basename of current user's home directory does not match" +" their username." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20183 +msgid "" +":meth:`pathlib.Path.expanduser` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home` now " +"consistently raise :exc:`RuntimeError` exception when a home directory " +"cannot be resolved. Previously a :exc:`KeyError` exception could be raised " +"on Windows when the ``\"USERNAME\"`` environment variable was unset." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20188 +msgid "" +":issue:`36076`: Added SNI support to :func:`ssl.get_server_certificate`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20190 +msgid "" +":issue:`38490`: Covariance, Pearson's correlation, and simple linear " +"regression functionality was added to statistics module. Patch by Tymoteusz " +"Wołodźko." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20193 +msgid "" +":issue:`33731`: Provide a locale.localize() function, which converts a " +"normalized number string into a locale format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20196 +msgid "" +":issue:`32745`: Fix a regression in the handling of ctypes' " +":data:`ctypes.c_wchar_p` type: embedded null characters would cause a " +":exc:`ValueError` to be raised. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20203 +msgid "" +":issue:`43987`: Add \"Annotations Best Practices\" document as a new HOWTO." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20205 +msgid "" +":issue:`43977`: Document the new :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING` and " +":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE` type flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20208 +msgid "" +":issue:`43959`: The documentation on the PyContextVar C-API was clarified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20210 +msgid "" +":issue:`43938`: Update dataclasses documentation to express that " +"FrozenInstanceError is derived from AttributeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20213 +msgid "" +":issue:`43778`: Fix the Sphinx glossary_search extension: create the " +"_static/ sub-directory if it doesn't exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20216 +msgid "" +":issue:`43755`: Update documentation to reflect that unparenthesized lambda " +"expressions can no longer be the expression part in an ``if`` clause in " +"comprehensions and generator expressions since Python 3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20220 +msgid "" +":issue:`43739`: Fixing the example code in Doc/extending/extending.rst to " +"declare and initialize the pmodule variable to be of the right type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20226 +msgid "" +":issue:`43961`: Fix test_logging.test_namer_rotator_inheritance() on " +"Windows: use :func:`os.replace` rather than :func:`os.rename`. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20230 +msgid "" +":issue:`43842`: Fix a race condition in the SMTP test of test_logging. Don't" +" close a file descriptor (socket) from a different thread while " +"asyncore.loop() is polling the file descriptor. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20234 +msgid "" +":issue:`43843`: :mod:`test.libregrtest` now marks a test as ENV_CHANGED " +"(altered the execution environment) if a thread raises an exception but does" +" not catch it. It sets a hook on :func:`threading.excepthook`. Use ``--fail-" +"env-changed`` option to mark the test as failed. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20240 +msgid "" +":issue:`43811`: Tests multiple OpenSSL versions on GitHub Actions. Use " +"ccache to speed up testing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20243 +msgid "" +":issue:`43791`: OpenSSL 3.0.0: Disable testing of legacy protocols TLS 1.0 " +"and 1.1. Tests are failing with TLSV1_ALERT_INTERNAL_ERROR." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20249 +msgid "" +":issue:`43567`: Improved generated code refresh " +"(AST/tokens/opcodes/keywords) on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20252 +msgid "" +":issue:`43669`: Implement :pep:`644`. Python now requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or " +"newer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20258 +msgid "" +":issue:`35306`: Adds additional arguments to :func:`os.startfile` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20260 +msgid "" +":issue:`43538`: Avoid raising errors from :meth:`pathlib.Path.exists` when " +"passed an invalid filename." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20263 +msgid "" +":issue:`38822`: Fixed :func:`os.stat` failing on inaccessible directories " +"with a trailing slash, rather than falling back to the parent directory's " +"metadata. This implicitly affected :func:`os.path.exists` and " +":func:`os.path.isdir`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20268 +msgid "" +":issue:`26227`: Fixed decoding of host names in :func:`socket.gethostbyaddr`" +" and :func:`socket.gethostbyname_ex`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20271 +msgid "" +":issue:`40432`: Updated pegen regeneration script on Windows to find and use" +" Python 3.8 or higher. Prior to this, pegen regeneration already required " +"3.8 or higher, but the script may have used lower versions of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20275 +msgid "" +":issue:`43745`: Actually updates Windows release to OpenSSL 1.1.1k. Earlier " +"releases were mislabelled and actually included 1.1.1i again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20278 +msgid ":issue:`43652`: Update Tcl and Tk to 8.6.11 in Windows installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20280 +msgid ":issue:`43492`: Upgrade Windows installer to use SQLite 3.35.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20282 +msgid "" +":issue:`30555`: Fix ``WindowsConsoleIO`` errors in the presence of fd " +"redirection. Patch by Segev Finer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20288 +msgid "" +":issue:`42119`: Fix check for macOS SDK paths when building Python. Narrow " +"search to match contents of SDKs, namely only files in ``/System/Library``, " +"``/System/IOSSupport``, and ``/usr`` other than ``/usr/local``. Previously, " +"anything under ``/System`` was assumed to be in an SDK which causes problems" +" with the new file system layout in 10.15+ where user file systems may " +"appear to be mounted under ``/System``. Paths in ``/Library`` were also " +"incorrectly treated as SDK locations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20296 +msgid ":issue:`43568`: Drop support for MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET < 10.3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20298 +msgid "" +":issue:`44009`: Provide \"python3.x-intel64\" executable to allow reliably " +"forcing macOS universal2 framework builds to run under Rosetta 2 Intel-64 " +"emulation on Apple Silicon Macs. This can be useful for testing or when " +"universal2 wheels are not yet available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20303 +msgid "" +":issue:`43851`: Build SQLite with ``SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT`` on macOS. Patch " +"by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20306 +msgid ":issue:`43492`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.35.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20308 +msgid "" +":issue:`42235`: ``Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py`` will now use \"--" +"enable-optimizations\" and ``--with-lto`` when building on macOS 10.15 or " +"later." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20315 +msgid "" +":issue:`37903`: Add mouse actions to the shell sidebar. Left click and " +"optional drag selects one or more lines, as with the editor line number " +"sidebar. Right click after selecting raises a context menu with 'copy with " +"prompts'. This zips together prompts from the sidebar with lines from the " +"selected text." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20321 +msgid "" +":issue:`43981`: Fix reference leak in test_sidebar and test_squeezer. " +"Patches by Terry Jan Reedy and Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20324 +msgid ":issue:`37892`: Indent IDLE Shell input with spaces instead of tabs" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20326 +msgid "" +":issue:`43655`: IDLE dialog windows are now recognized as dialogs by window " +"managers on macOS and X Window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20329 +msgid ":issue:`37903`: IDLE's shell now shows prompts in a separate side-bar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20334 +msgid "" +":issue:`43916`: Add a new :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION` type " +"flag to disallow creating type instances. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20337 +msgid "" +":issue:`43774`: Remove the now unused ``PYMALLOC_DEBUG`` macro. Debug hooks " +"on memory allocators are now installed by default if Python is built in " +"debug mode (if ``Py_DEBUG`` macro is defined). Moreover, they can now be " +"used on Python build in release mode (ex: using ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug`` " +"environment variable)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20343 +msgid "" +":issue:`43962`: _PyInterpreterState_IDIncref() now calls " +"_PyInterpreterState_IDInitref() and always increments id_refcount. " +"Previously, calling _xxsubinterpreters.get_current() could create an " +"id_refcount inconsistency when a _xxsubinterpreters.InterpreterID object was" +" deallocated. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20349 +msgid "" +":issue:`28254`: Add new C-API functions to control the state of the garbage " +"collector: :c:func:`PyGC_Enable()`, :c:func:`PyGC_Disable()`, " +":c:func:`PyGC_IsEnabled()`, corresponding to the functions in the :mod:`gc` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20354 +msgid "" +":issue:`43908`: Introduce :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_IMMUTABLETYPE` flag for " +"immutable type objects, and modify :c:func:`PyType_Ready` to set it for " +"static types. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20358 +msgid "" +":issue:`43795`: :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc` is now available in the limited C API" +" (``Py_LIMITED_API``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20361 +msgid "" +":issue:`43868`: :c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` is no longer exported" +" by limited C API headers and by ``python3.dll`` on Windows. Like any " +"function that takes ``FILE*``, it is not part of the stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20365 +msgid "" +":issue:`43795`: Stable ABI and limited API definitions are generated from a " +"central manifest (:pep:`652`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20368 +msgid "" +":issue:`43753`: Add the :c:func:`Py_Is(x, y) ` function to test if " +"the *x* object is the *y* object, the same as ``x is y`` in Python. Add also" +" the :c:func:`Py_IsNone`, :c:func:`Py_IsTrue`, :c:func:`Py_IsFalse` " +"functions to test if an object is, respectively, the ``None`` singleton, the" +" ``True`` singleton or the ``False`` singleton. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20377 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 alpha 7" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20379 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-04-05*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2021-04-05*" + +#: ../NEWS:20384 +msgid "" +":issue:`42988`: :cve:`2021-3426`: Remove the ``getfile`` feature of the " +":mod:`pydoc` module which could be abused to read arbitrary files on the " +"disk (directory traversal vulnerability). Moreover, even source code of " +"Python modules can contain sensitive data like passwords. Vulnerability " +"reported by David Schwörer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20390 +msgid "" +":issue:`43285`: :mod:`ftplib` no longer trusts the IP address value returned" +" from the server in response to the PASV command by default. This prevents " +"a malicious FTP server from using the response to probe IPv4 address and " +"port combinations on the client network." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20395 +msgid "" +"Code that requires the former vulnerable behavior may set a " +"``trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address`` attribute on their :class:`ftplib.FTP` " +"instances to ``True`` to re-enable it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20399 +msgid "" +":issue:`43439`: Add audit hooks for :func:`gc.get_objects`, " +":func:`gc.get_referrers` and :func:`gc.get_referents`. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20406 +msgid ":issue:`27129`: Update CPython bytecode magic number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20408 +msgid ":issue:`43672`: Raise ImportWarning when calling find_loader()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20410 +msgid "" +":issue:`43660`: Fix crash that happens when replacing ``sys.stderr`` with a " +"callable that can remove the object while an exception is being printed. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20414 +msgid "" +":issue:`27129`: The bytecode interpreter uses instruction, rather byte, " +"offsets internally. This reduces the number of EXTENDED_ARG instructions " +"needed and streamlines instruction dispatch a bit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20418 +msgid "" +":issue:`40645`: Fix reference leak in the :mod:`!_hashopenssl` extension. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20421 +msgid "" +":issue:`42134`: Calls to find_module() by the import system now raise " +"ImportWarning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20424 +msgid "" +":issue:`41064`: Improve the syntax error for invalid usage of double starred" +" elements ('**') in f-strings. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20427 +msgid "" +":issue:`43575`: Speed up calls to ``map()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20430 +msgid "" +":issue:`42137`: The import system now prefers using ``__spec__`` for " +"``ModuleType.__repr__`` over ``module_repr()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20433 +msgid "" +":issue:`43452`: Added micro-optimizations to ``_PyType_Lookup()`` to improve" +" cache lookup performance in the common case of cache hits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20436 +msgid "" +":issue:`43555`: Report the column offset for :exc:`SyntaxError` for invalid " +"line continuation characters. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20439 +msgid "" +":issue:`43517`: Fix misdetection of circular imports when using ``from " +"pkg.mod import attr``, which caused false positives in non-trivial multi-" +"threaded code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20443 +msgid "" +":issue:`43497`: Emit SyntaxWarnings for assertions with tuple constants, " +"this is a regression introduced in python3.7" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20446 +msgid "" +":issue:`39316`: Tracing now has correct line numbers for attribute accesses " +"when the attribute is on a different line from the object. Improves " +"debugging and profiling for multi-line method chains." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20450 +msgid "" +":issue:`35883`: Python no longer fails at startup with a fatal error if a " +"command line argument contains an invalid Unicode character. The " +":c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` function now escapes byte sequences which would be" +" decoded as Unicode characters outside the [U+0000; U+10ffff] range." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20455 +msgid "" +":issue:`43410`: Fix a bug that was causing the parser to crash when emitting" +" syntax errors when reading input from stdin. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20458 +msgid "" +":issue:`43406`: Fix a possible race condition where ``PyErr_CheckSignals`` " +"tries to execute a non-Python signal handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20461 +msgid "" +":issue:`42128`: Add ``__match_args__`` to :ref:`struct sequence objects " +"`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20464 +msgid "" +":issue:`43390`: CPython now sets the ``SA_ONSTACK`` flag in ``PyOS_setsig`` " +"for the VM's default signal handlers. This is friendlier to other in-" +"process code that an extension module or embedding use could pull in (such " +"as Golang's cgo) where tiny thread stacks are the norm and ``sigaltstack()``" +" has been used to provide for signal handlers. This is a no-op change for " +"the vast majority of processes that don't use sigaltstack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20471 +msgid "" +":issue:`43287`: Speed up calls to ``filter()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20474 +msgid "" +":issue:`37448`: Add a radix tree based memory map to track in-use obmalloc " +"arenas. Use to replace the old implementation of address_in_range(). The " +"radix tree approach makes it easy to increase pool sizes beyond the OS page " +"size. Boosting the pool and arena size allows obmalloc to handle a " +"significantly higher percentage of requests from its ultra-fast paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20480 +msgid "" +"It also has the advantage of eliminating the memory unsanitary behavior of " +"the previous address_in_range(). The old address_in_range() was marked with " +"the annotations _Py_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS, _Py_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD, and " +"_Py_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY. Those annotations are no longer needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20485 +msgid "" +"To disable the radix tree map, set a preprocessor flag as follows: " +"``-DWITH_PYMALLOC_RADIX_TREE=0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20488 +msgid "Co-authored-by: Tim Peters " +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20490 +msgid "" +":issue:`29988`: Only handle asynchronous exceptions and requests to drop the" +" GIL when returning from a call or on the back edges of loops. Makes sure " +"that :meth:`~object.__exit__` is always called in with statements, even for " +"interrupts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20498 +msgid "" +":issue:`43720`: Document various stdlib deprecations in imp, pkgutil, and " +"importlib.util for removal in Python 3.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20501 +msgid "" +":issue:`43433`: :class:`xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy` no longer ignores query " +"and fragment in the URL of the server." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20504 +msgid "" +":issue:`31956`: The :meth:`~array.array.index` method of " +":class:`array.array` now has optional *start* and *stop* parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20507 +msgid "" +":issue:`40066`: Enum: adjust ``repr()`` to show only enum and member name " +"(not value, nor angle brackets) and ``str()`` to show only member name. " +"Update and improve documentation to match." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20511 +msgid "" +":issue:`42136`: Deprecate all module_repr() methods found in importlib as " +"their use is being phased out by Python 3.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20514 +msgid "" +":issue:`35930`: Raising an exception raised in a \"future\" instance will " +"create reference cycles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20517 +msgid "" +":issue:`41369`: Finish updating the vendored libmpdec to version 2.5.1. " +"Patch by Stefan Krah." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20520 +msgid "" +":issue:`43422`: Revert the _decimal C API which was added in :issue:`41324`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20522 +msgid "" +":issue:`43577`: Fix deadlock when using :class:`ssl.SSLContext` debug " +"callback with :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.sni_callback`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20525 +msgid "" +":issue:`43571`: It's now possible to create MPTCP sockets with IPPROTO_MPTCP" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20527 +msgid "" +":issue:`43542`: ``image/heic`` and ``image/heif`` were added to " +":mod:`mimetypes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20530 +msgid "" +":issue:`40645`: The :mod:`hmac` module now uses OpenSSL's HMAC " +"implementation when digestmod argument is a hash name or builtin hash " +"function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20533 +msgid "" +":issue:`43510`: Implement :pep:`597`: Add ``EncodingWarning`` warning, ``-X " +"warn_default_encoding`` option, :envvar:`PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING` " +"environment variable and ``encoding=\"locale\"`` argument value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20537 +msgid ":issue:`43521`: ``ast.unparse`` can now render NaNs and empty sets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20539 +msgid "" +":issue:`42914`: :func:`pprint.pprint` gains a new boolean " +"``underscore_numbers`` optional argument to emit integers with thousands " +"separated by an underscore character for improved readability (for example " +"``1_000_000`` instead of ``1000000``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20544 +msgid "" +":issue:`41361`: :meth:`~collections.deque.rotate` calls are now slightly " +"faster due to faster argument parsing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20547 +msgid "" +":issue:`43423`: :func:`subprocess.communicate` no longer raises an " +"IndexError when there is an empty stdout or stderr IO buffer during a " +"timeout on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20551 +msgid "" +":issue:`27820`: Fixed long-standing bug of smtplib.SMTP where doing AUTH " +"LOGIN with initial_response_ok=False will fail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20554 +msgid "" +"The cause is that SMTP.auth_login _always_ returns a password if provided " +"with a challenge string, thus non-compliant with the standard for AUTH " +"LOGIN." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20558 +msgid "Also fixes bug with the test for smtpd." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20560 +msgid "" +":issue:`43445`: Add frozen modules to :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names`. For " +"example, add ``\"_frozen_importlib\"`` and " +"``\"_frozen_importlib_external\"`` names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20564 +msgid "" +":issue:`43245`: Add keyword arguments support to ``ChainMap.new_child()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20566 +msgid "" +":issue:`29982`: Add optional parameter *ignore_cleanup_errors* to " +":func:`tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` and allow multiple :func:`cleanup` " +"attempts. Contributed by C.A.M. Gerlach." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20570 +msgid "" +":issue:`43428`: Include changes from `importlib_metadata 3.7 " +"`_:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20573 +msgid "Performance enhancements to distribution discovery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20575 +msgid "``entry_points`` only returns unique distributions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20577 +msgid "" +"Introduces new ``EntryPoints`` object for containing a set of entry points " +"with convenience methods for selecting entry points by group or name. " +"``entry_points`` now returns this object if selection parameters are " +"supplied but continues to return a dict object for compatibility. Users are " +"encouraged to rely on the selection interface. The dict object result is " +"likely to be deprecated in the future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20584 +msgid "" +"Added packages_distributions function to return a mapping of packages to the" +" distributions that provide them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20587 +msgid "" +":issue:`43332`: Improves the networking efficiency of :mod:`http.client` " +"when using a proxy via :meth:`~HTTPConnection.set_tunnel`. Fewer small send" +" calls are made during connection setup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20591 +msgid "" +":issue:`43420`: Improve performance of :class:`fractions.Fraction` " +"arithmetics for large components. Contributed by Sergey B. Kirpichev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20594 +msgid "" +":issue:`43356`: Allow passing a signal number to " +"``_thread.interrupt_main()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20596 +msgid "" +":issue:`43399`: Fix ``ElementTree.extend`` not working on iterators when " +"using the Python implementation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20599 +msgid "" +":issue:`43369`: Improve :mod:`sqlite3` error handling: If " +"``sqlite3_column_text()`` and ``sqlite3_column_blob()`` set " +"``SQLITE_NOMEM``, :exc:`MemoryError` is now raised. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20604 +msgid "" +":issue:`43368`: Fix a regression introduced in PR 24562, where an empty " +"bytestring was fetched as ``None`` instead of ``b''`` in :mod:`sqlite3`. " +"Patch by Mariusz Felisiak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20608 +msgid "" +":issue:`41282`: Fixed stacklevel of ``DeprecationWarning`` emitted from " +"``import distutils``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20611 +msgid "" +":issue:`42129`: ``importlib.resources`` now honors namespace packages, " +"merging resources from each location in the namespace as introduced in " +"``importlib_resources`` 3.2 and including incidental changes through 5.0.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20616 +msgid "" +":issue:`43295`: :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime` now raises ``ValueError``" +" instead of ``IndexError`` when matching ``'z'`` with the ``%z`` format " +"specifier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20620 +msgid "" +":issue:`43125`: Return empty string if base64mime.body_encode receive empty " +"bytes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20623 +msgid "" +":issue:`43084`: :func:`curses.window.enclose` returns now ``True`` or " +"``False`` (as was documented) instead of ``1`` or ``0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20626 +msgid ":issue:`42994`: Add MIME types for opus, AAC, 3gpp and 3gpp2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20628 +msgid "" +":issue:`14678`: Add an invalidate_caches() method to the " +"zipimport.zipimporter class to support importlib.invalidate_caches(). Patch " +"by Desmond Cheong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20631 +msgid "" +":issue:`42782`: Fail fast in :func:`shutil.move` to avoid creating " +"destination directories on failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20634 +msgid "" +":issue:`40066`: Enum's ``repr()`` and ``str()`` have changed: ``repr()`` is " +"now *EnumClass.MemberName* and ``str()`` is *MemberName*. Additionally, " +"stdlib Enum's whose contents are available as module attributes, such as " +"``RegexFlag.IGNORECASE``, have their ``repr()`` as *module.name*, e.g. " +"``re.IGNORECASE``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20640 +msgid "" +":issue:`26053`: Fixed bug where the :mod:`pdb` interactive run command " +"echoed the args from the shell command line, even if those have been " +"overridden at the pdb prompt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20644 +msgid "" +":issue:`24160`: Fixed bug where breakpoints did not persist across multiple " +"debugger sessions in :mod:`pdb`'s interactive mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20647 +msgid "" +":issue:`40701`: When the :data:`tempfile.tempdir` global variable is set to " +"a value of type bytes, it is now handled consistently. Previously " +"exceptions could be raised from some tempfile APIs when the directory did " +"not already exist in this situation. Also ensures that the " +":func:`tempfile.gettempdir` and :func:`tempfile.gettempdirb` functions " +"*always* return ``str`` and ``bytes`` respectively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20654 +msgid "" +":issue:`39342`: Expose ``X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS`` as " +":const:`~ssl.VERIFY_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS` to allow proxy certificate validation" +" as explained in https://docs.openssl.org/1.1.1/man7/proxy-certificates/." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20659 +msgid "" +":issue:`31861`: Add builtins.aiter and builtins.anext. Patch by Joshua " +"Bronson (@jab), Daniel Pope (@lordmauve), and Justin Wang (@justin39)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20665 +msgid "" +":issue:`43199`: Answer \"Why is there no goto?\" in the Design and History " +"FAQ." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20667 +msgid "" +":issue:`43407`: Clarified that a result from :func:`time.monotonic`, " +":func:`time.perf_counter`, :func:`time.process_time`, or " +":func:`time.thread_time` can be compared with the result from any following " +"call to the same function - not just the next immediate call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20672 +msgid "" +":issue:`43354`: Fix type documentation for ``Fault.faultCode``; the type has" +" to be ``int`` instead of ``str``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20675 +msgid "" +":issue:`41933`: Clarified wording of s * n in the Common Sequence Operations" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20680 +msgid "" +":issue:`37945`: Fix test_getsetlocale_issue1813() of test_locale: skip the " +"test if ``setlocale()`` fails. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20683 +msgid "" +":issue:`41561`: Add workaround for Ubuntu's custom OpenSSL security level " +"policy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20689 +msgid "" +":issue:`43179`: Introduce and correctly use ALIGNOF_X in place of SIZEOF_X " +"for alignment-related code in optimized string routines. Patch by Jessica " +"Clarke." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20693 +msgid ":issue:`43631`: Update macOS, Windows, and CI to OpenSSL 1.1.1k." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20695 +msgid "" +":issue:`43617`: Improve configure.ac: Check for presence of autoconf-archive" +" package and remove our copies of M4 macros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20698 +msgid "" +":issue:`43466`: The ``configure`` script now supports ``--with-openssl-" +"rpath`` option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20701 +msgid "" +":issue:`43372`: Use ``_freeze_importlib`` to generate code for the " +"``__hello__`` module. This approach ensures the code matches the interpreter" +" version. Previously, PYTHON_FOR_REGEN was used to generate the code, which" +" might be wrong. The marshal format for code objects has changed with " +":issue:`42246`, commit 877df851. Update the code and the expected code sizes" +" in ctypes test_frozentable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20711 +msgid "" +":issue:`43440`: Build :mod:`sqlite3` with the ``R*Tree`` module enabled. " +"Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20717 +msgid "" +":issue:`42225`: Document that IDLE can fail on Unix either from " +"misconfigured IP masquerade rules or failure displaying complex colored " +"(non-ascii) characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20724 +msgid "" +":issue:`43688`: The limited C API is now supported if Python is built in " +"debug mode (if the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro is defined). In the limited C API, the" +" :c:func:`Py_INCREF` and :c:func:`Py_DECREF` functions are now implemented " +"as opaque function calls, rather than accessing directly the " +":c:member:`PyObject.ob_refcnt` member, if Python is built in debug mode and " +"the ``Py_LIMITED_API`` macro targets Python 3.10 or newer. It became " +"possible to support the limited C API in debug mode because the " +":c:type:`PyObject` structure is the same in release and debug mode since " +"Python 3.8 (see :issue:`36465`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20734 +msgid "" +"The limited C API is still not supported in the ``--with-trace-refs`` " +"special build (``Py_TRACE_REFS`` macro)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20739 +msgid ":issue:`43244`: Remove the ``pyarena.h`` header file with functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20741 +msgid "``PyArena_New()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_New()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20742 +msgid "``PyArena_Free()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_Free()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20743 +msgid "``PyArena_Malloc()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_Malloc()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20744 +msgid "``PyArena_AddPyObject()``" +msgstr "``PyArena_AddPyObject()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20746 +msgid "" +"These functions were undocumented, excluded from the limited C API, and were" +" only used internally by the compiler. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20749 +msgid "" +":issue:`43244`: Remove the compiler and parser functions using ``struct " +"_mod`` type, because the public AST C API was removed:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20752 +msgid "``PyAST_Compile()``" +msgstr "``PyAST_Compile()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20753 +msgid "``PyAST_CompileEx()``" +msgstr "``PyAST_CompileEx()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20754 +msgid "``PyAST_CompileObject()``" +msgstr "``PyAST_CompileObject()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20755 +msgid "``PyFuture_FromAST()``" +msgstr "``PyFuture_FromAST()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20756 +msgid "``PyFuture_FromASTObject()``" +msgstr "``PyFuture_FromASTObject()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20757 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromFile()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromFile()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20758 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromFileObject()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromFileObject()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20759 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromFilename()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromFilename()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20760 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromString()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromString()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20761 +msgid "``PyParser_ASTFromStringObject()``" +msgstr "``PyParser_ASTFromStringObject()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20763 +msgid "" +"These functions were undocumented and excluded from the limited C API. Patch" +" by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20766 +msgid "" +":issue:`43244`: Remove ``ast.h``, ``asdl.h``, and ``Python-ast.h`` header " +"files. These functions were undocumented and excluded from the limited C " +"API. Most names defined by these header files were not prefixed by ``Py`` " +"and so could create names conflicts. For example, ``Python-ast.h`` defined a" +" ``Yield`` macro which was conflict with the ``Yield`` name used by the " +"Windows ```` header. Use the Python :mod:`ast` module instead. " +"Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20774 +msgid "" +":issue:`43541`: Fix a ``PyEval_EvalCodeEx()`` regression: fix reference " +"counting on builtins. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20777 +msgid "" +":issue:`43244`: Remove the ``symtable.h`` header file and the undocumented " +"functions:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20780 +msgid "``PyST_GetScope()``" +msgstr "``PyST_GetScope()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20781 +msgid "``PySymtable_Build()``" +msgstr "``PySymtable_Build()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20782 +msgid "``PySymtable_BuildObject()``" +msgstr "``PySymtable_BuildObject()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20783 +msgid "``PySymtable_Free()``" +msgstr "``PySymtable_Free()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20784 +msgid "``Py_SymtableString()``" +msgstr "``Py_SymtableString()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20785 +msgid "``Py_SymtableStringObject()``" +msgstr "``Py_SymtableStringObject()``" + +#: ../NEWS:20787 +msgid "" +"The ``Py_SymtableString()`` function was part the stable ABI by mistake but " +"it could not be used, because the ``symtable.h`` header file was excluded " +"from the limited C API." +msgstr "" +"``Py_SymtableString()`` 函数误为稳定版 ABI 却无法使用，因为 ``symtable.h`` 头文件不属于受限 C API。" + +#: ../NEWS:20791 +msgid "The Python :mod:`symtable` module remains available and is unchanged." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20795 +msgid "" +":issue:`43244`: Remove the ``PyAST_Validate()`` function. It is no longer " +"possible to build a AST object (``mod_ty`` type) with the public C API. The " +"function was already excluded from the limited C API (:pep:`384`). Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20802 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 alpha 6" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20804 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-03-01*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2021-03-01*" + +#: ../NEWS:20809 +msgid "" +":issue:`42967`: Fix web cache poisoning vulnerability by defaulting the " +"query args separator to ``&``, and allowing the user to choose a custom " +"separator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20816 +msgid "" +":issue:`43321`: Fix ``SystemError`` raised when ``PyArg_Parse*()`` is used " +"with ``#`` but without ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20819 +msgid "" +":issue:`36346`: ``PyArg_Parse*()`` functions now emits " +"``DeprecationWarning`` when ``u`` or ``Z`` format is used. See :pep:`623` " +"for detail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20822 +msgid "" +":issue:`43277`: Add a new :c:func:`PySet_CheckExact` function to the C-API " +"to check if an object is an instance of :class:`set` but not an instance of " +"a subtype. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20826 +msgid "" +":issue:`42990`: The :data:`types.FunctionType` constructor now inherits the " +"current builtins if the *globals* dictionary has no ``\"__builtins__\"`` " +"key, rather than using ``{\"None\": None}`` as builtins: same behavior as " +":func:`eval` and :func:`exec` functions. Defining a function with ``def " +"function(...): ...`` in Python is not affected, globals cannot be overridden" +" with this syntax: it also inherits the current builtins. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20834 +msgid "" +":issue:`42990`: Functions have a new ``__builtins__`` attribute which is " +"used to look for builtin symbols when a function is executed, instead of " +"looking into ``__globals__['__builtins__']``. Patch by Mark Shannon and " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20839 +msgid "" +":issue:`43149`: Improve the error message in the parser for exception groups" +" without parentheses. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20842 +msgid "" +":issue:`43121`: Fixed an incorrect :exc:`SyntaxError` message for missing " +"comma in literals. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20845 +msgid "" +":issue:`42819`: :mod:`readline`: Explicitly disable bracketed paste in the " +"interactive interpreter, even if it's set in the inputrc, is enabled by " +"default (eg GNU Readline 8.1), or a user calls " +"``readline.read_init_file()``. The Python REPL has not implemented bracketed" +" paste support. Also, bracketed mode writes the ``\"\\x1b[?2004h\"`` escape " +"sequence into stdout which causes test failures in applications that don't " +"support it. It can still be explicitly enabled by calling " +"``readline.parse_and_bind(\"set enable-bracketed-paste on\")``. Patch by " +"Dustin Rodrigues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20855 +msgid "" +":issue:`42808`: Simple calls to ``type(object)`` are now faster due to the " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20858 +msgid "" +":issue:`42217`: Make the compiler merges same co_code and co_linetable " +"objects in a module like already did for co_consts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20861 +msgid "" +":issue:`41972`: Substring search functions such as ``str1 in str2`` and " +"``str2.find(str1)`` now sometimes use the \"Two-Way\" string comparison " +"algorithm to avoid quadratic behavior on long strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20865 +msgid "" +":issue:`42128`: Implement :pep:`634` (structural pattern matching). Patch by" +" Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20868 +msgid "" +":issue:`40692`: In the :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`, " +"validate that :func:`multiprocess.synchronize` is available on a given " +"platform and rely on that check in the :mod:`concurrent.futures` test suite " +"so we can run tests that are unrelated to :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` on " +"those platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20874 +msgid "" +":issue:`38302`: If :func:`object.__ipow__` returns :data:`NotImplemented`, " +"the operator will correctly fall back to :func:`object.__pow__` and " +":func:`object.__rpow__` as expected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20881 +msgid "" +":issue:`43316`: The ``python -m gzip`` command line application now properly" +" fails when detecting an unsupported extension. It exits with a non-zero " +"exit code and prints an error message to stderr." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20885 +msgid "" +":issue:`43317`: Set the chunk size for the ``gzip`` module main function to " +"io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE. This is slightly faster than the 1024 bytes constant" +" that was used previously." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20889 +msgid "" +":issue:`43146`: Handle None in single-arg versions of " +":func:`~traceback.print_exception` and :func:`~traceback.format_exception`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20893 +msgid "" +":issue:`43260`: Fix TextIOWrapper can not flush internal buffer forever " +"after very large text is written." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20896 +msgid "" +":issue:`43258`: Prevent needless allocation of :mod:`sqlite3` aggregate " +"function context when no rows match an aggregate query. Patch by Erlend E. " +"Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20900 +msgid "" +":issue:`43251`: Improve :mod:`sqlite3` error handling: " +"``sqlite3_column_name()`` failures now result in :exc:`MemoryError`. Patch " +"by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20904 +msgid "" +":issue:`40956`: Fix segfault in :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.backup` if no " +"argument was provided. The regression was introduced by PR 23838. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20908 +msgid "" +":issue:`43172`: The readline module now passes its tests when built directly" +" against libedit. Existing irreconcilable API differences remain in " +":func:`readline.get_begidx` and :func:`readline.get_endidx` behavior based " +"on libreadline vs libedit use." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20913 +msgid "" +":issue:`43163`: Fix a bug in :mod:`codeop` that was causing it to not ask " +"for more input when multi-line snippets have unclosed parentheses. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20917 +msgid "" +":issue:`43162`: deprecate unsupported ability to access enum members as " +"attributes of other enum members" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20920 +msgid "" +":issue:`43146`: Fix recent regression in None argument handling in " +":mod:`~traceback` module functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20923 +msgid "" +":issue:`43102`: The namedtuple __new__ method had its __builtins__ set to " +"None instead of an actual dictionary. This created problems for " +"introspection tools." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20927 +msgid "" +":issue:`43106`: Added :const:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :const:`~os.O_FSYNC`, " +":const:`~os.O_SYMLINK` and :const:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY` for macOS. Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20931 +msgid "" +":issue:`42960`: Adds :const:`resource.RLIMIT_KQUEUES` constant from FreeBSD " +"to the :mod:`resource` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20934 +msgid "" +":issue:`42151`: Make the pure Python implementation of " +":mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` behave the same as the C implementation " +"(:mod:`!_elementree`) regarding default attribute values (by not setting " +"``specified_attributes=1``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20939 +msgid "" +":issue:`29753`: In ctypes, now packed bitfields are calculated properly and " +"the first item of packed bitfields is now shrank correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20945 +msgid "" +":issue:`27646`: Clarify that 'yield from ' works with any iterable, " +"not just iterators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20948 +msgid "" +":issue:`36346`: Update some deprecated unicode APIs which are documented as " +"\"will be removed in 4.0\" to \"3.12\". See :pep:`623` for detail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20954 +msgid "" +":issue:`43288`: Fix test_importlib to correctly skip Unicode file tests if " +"the filesystem does not support them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20960 +msgid ":issue:`43174`: Windows build now uses ``/utf-8`` compiler option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20962 +msgid "" +":issue:`43103`: Add a new configure ``--without-static-libpython`` option to" +" not build the ``libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a`` static library and not install the" +" ``python.o`` object file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20966 +msgid "" +":issue:`13501`: The configure script can now use *libedit* instead of " +"*readline* with the command line option ``--with-readline=editline``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20969 +msgid "" +":issue:`42603`: Make configure script use pkg-config to detect the location " +"of Tcl/Tk headers and libraries, used to build tkinter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20972 +msgid "" +"On macOS, a Tcl/Tk configuration provided by pkg-config will be preferred " +"over Tcl/Tk frameworks installed in ``/{System/,}Library/Frameworks``. If " +"both exist and the latter is preferred, the appropriate ``--with-tcltk-*`` " +"configuration options need to be explicitly set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20977 +msgid "" +":issue:`39448`: Add the \"regen-frozen\" makefile target that regenerates " +"the code for the frozen ``__hello__`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20983 +msgid "" +":issue:`43155`: :c:func:`PyCMethod_New` is now present in ``python3.lib``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20988 +msgid ":issue:`41837`: Update macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 1.1.1j." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:20993 +msgid "" +":issue:`43283`: Document why printing to IDLE's Shell is often slower than " +"printing to a system terminal and that it can be made faster by pre-" +"formatting a single string before printing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21000 +msgid "" +":issue:`43278`: Always put compiler and system information on the first line" +" of the REPL welcome message." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21003 +msgid "" +":issue:`43270`: Remove the private ``_PyErr_OCCURRED()`` macro: use the " +"public :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` function instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21006 +msgid "" +":issue:`35134`: Move odictobject.h, parser_interface.h, picklebufobject.h, " +"pydebug.h, and pyfpe.h into the cpython/ directory. They must not be " +"included directly, as they are already included by Python.h: :ref:`Include " +"Files `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21011 +msgid "" +":issue:`35134`: Move pyarena.h, pyctype.h, and pytime.h into the cpython/ " +"directory. They must not be included directly, as they are already included " +"by Python.h: :ref:`Include Files `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21015 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: :c:func:`PyExceptionClass_Name` is now always declared as a " +"function, in order to hide implementation details. The macro accessed " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_name` directly. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21019 +msgid "" +":issue:`43239`: The :c:func:`PyCFunction_New` function is now exported in " +"the ABI when compiled with ``-fvisibility=hidden``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21022 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: :c:func:`PyIter_Check` is now always declared as a function," +" in order to hide implementation details. The macro accessed " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` directly. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21026 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Convert :c:func:`PyDescr_IsData` macro to a function to hide" +" implementation details: The macro accessed " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_descr_set` directly. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21031 +msgid "" +":issue:`43181`: Convert :c:func:`PyObject_TypeCheck` macro to a static " +"inline function. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21036 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 alpha 5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21038 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-02-02*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2021-02-02*" + +#: ../NEWS:21043 +msgid "" +":issue:`42938`: Avoid static buffers when computing the repr of " +":class:`ctypes.c_double` and :class:`ctypes.c_longdouble` values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21049 +msgid ":issue:`42990`: Refactor the ``PyEval_`` family of functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21051 +msgid "" +"An new function ``_PyEval_Vector`` is added to simplify calls to Python from" +" C." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21052 +msgid "``_PyEval_EvalCodeWithName`` is removed" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21053 +msgid "" +"``PyEval_EvalCodeEx`` is retained as part of the API, but is not used " +"internally" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21055 +msgid "" +":issue:`38631`: Replace :c:func:`Py_FatalError` calls in the compiler with " +"regular :exc:`SystemError` exceptions. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21058 +msgid "" +":issue:`42997`: Improve error message for missing \":\" before blocks. Patch" +" by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21061 +msgid "" +":issue:`43017`: Improve error message in the parser when using un-" +"parenthesised tuples in comprehensions. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21064 +msgid "" +":issue:`42986`: Fix parser crash when reporting syntax errors in f-string " +"with newlines. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21067 +msgid "" +":issue:`40176`: Syntax errors for unterminated string literals now point to " +"the start of the string instead of reporting EOF/EOL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21070 +msgid "" +":issue:`42927`: The inline cache for ``LOAD_ATTR`` now also optimizes access" +" to attributes defined by ``__slots__``. This makes reading such attribute " +"up to 30% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21074 +msgid "" +":issue:`42864`: Improve error messages in the parser when parentheses are " +"not closed. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21077 +msgid "" +":issue:`42924`: Fix ``bytearray`` repetition incorrectly copying data from " +"the start of the buffer, even if the data is offset within the buffer (e.g. " +"after reassigning a slice at the start of the ``bytearray`` to a shorter " +"byte string)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21082 +msgid "" +":issue:`42882`: Fix the :c:func:`!_PyUnicode_FromId` function " +"(_Py_IDENTIFIER(var) API) when :c:func:`Py_Initialize` / " +":c:func:`Py_Finalize` is called multiple times: preserve " +"``_PyRuntime.unicode_ids.next_index`` value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21087 +msgid "" +":issue:`42827`: Fix a crash when working out the error line of a " +":exc:`SyntaxError` in some multi-line expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21090 +msgid "" +":issue:`42823`: frame.f_lineno is correct even if frame.f_trace is set to " +"True" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21092 +msgid "" +":issue:`37324`: Remove deprecated aliases to :ref:`collections-abstract-" +"base-classes` from the :mod:`collections` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21096 +msgid "" +":issue:`41994`: Fixed possible leak in ``import`` when ``sys.modules`` is " +"not a ``dict``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21099 +msgid "" +":issue:`27772`: In string formatting, preceding the *width* field by ``'0'``" +" no longer affects the default alignment for strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21105 +msgid "" +":issue:`43108`: Fixed a reference leak in the :mod:`curses` module. Patch by" +" Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21108 +msgid "" +":issue:`43077`: Update the bundled pip to 21.0.1 and setuptools to 52.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21110 +msgid "" +":issue:`41282`: Deprecate ``distutils`` in documentation and add warning on " +"import." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21113 +msgid "" +":issue:`43014`: Improve performance of :mod:`tokenize` by 20-30%. Patch by " +"Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21116 +msgid ":issue:`42323`: Fix :func:`math.nextafter` for NaN on AIX." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21118 +msgid "" +":issue:`42955`: Add :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names`, containing the list of " +"the standard library module names. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21121 +msgid "" +":issue:`42944`: Fix ``random.Random.sample`` when ``counts`` argument is not" +" ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21124 +msgid "" +":issue:`42934`: Use :class:`~traceback.TracebackException`'s new ``compact``" +" param in :class:`~unittest.TestResult` to reduce time and memory consumed " +"by traceback formatting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21128 +msgid ":issue:`42931`: Add :func:`randbytes` to ``random.__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21130 +msgid "" +":issue:`38250`: [Enum] Flags consisting of a single bit are now considered " +"canonical, and will be the only flags returned from listing and iterating " +"over a Flag class or a Flag member. Multi-bit flags are considered aliases;" +" they will be returned from lookups and operations that result in their " +"value. Iteration for both Flag and Flag members is in definition order." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21137 +msgid "" +":issue:`42877`: Added the ``compact`` parameter to the constructor of " +":class:`traceback.TracebackException` to reduce time and memory for use " +"cases that only need to call :func:`TracebackException.format` and " +":func:`TracebackException.format_exception_only`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21142 +msgid "" +":issue:`42923`: The :c:func:`Py_FatalError` function and the " +":mod:`faulthandler` module now dump the list of extension modules on a fatal" +" error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21146 +msgid "" +":issue:`42848`: Removed recursion from " +":class:`~traceback.TracebackException` to allow it to handle long exception " +"chains." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21149 +msgid "" +":issue:`42901`: [Enum] move member creation from ``EnumMeta.__new__`` to " +"``_proto_member.__set_name__``, allowing members to be created and visible " +"in ``__init_subclass__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21153 +msgid "" +":issue:`42780`: Fix os.set_inheritable() for O_PATH file descriptors on " +"Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21155 +msgid "" +":issue:`42866`: Fix a reference leak in the ``getcodec()`` function of CJK " +"codecs. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21158 +msgid "" +":issue:`42846`: Convert the 6 CJK codec extension modules (_codecs_cn, " +"_codecs_hk, _codecs_iso2022, _codecs_jp, _codecs_kr and _codecs_tw) to the " +"multiphase initialization API (:pep:`489`). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21162 +msgid ":issue:`42851`: remove __init_subclass__ support for Enum members" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21164 +msgid "" +":issue:`42834`: Make internal caches of the ``_json`` module compatible with" +" subinterpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21167 +msgid "" +":issue:`41748`: Fix HTMLParser parsing rules for element attributes " +"containing commas with spaces. Patch by Karl Dubost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21170 +msgid "" +":issue:`40810`: Require SQLite 3.7.15 or newer. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21172 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Convert the _multibytecodec extension module (CJK codecs) " +"to multi-phase initialization (:pep:`489`). Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21175 +msgid "" +":issue:`42802`: The distutils ``bdist_wininst`` command deprecated in Python" +" 3.8 has been removed. The distutils ``bdist_wheel`` command is now " +"recommended to distribute binary packages on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21179 +msgid "" +":issue:`24464`: The undocumented built-in function " +"``sqlite3.enable_shared_cache`` is now deprecated, scheduled for removal in " +"Python 3.12. Its use is strongly discouraged by the SQLite3 documentation." +" Patch by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21184 +msgid "" +":issue:`42384`: Make pdb populate sys.path[0] exactly the same as regular " +"python execution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21187 +msgid "" +":issue:`42383`: Fix pdb: previously pdb would fail to restart the debugging " +"target if it was specified using a relative path and the current directory " +"changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21191 +msgid "" +":issue:`42005`: Fix CLI of :mod:`cProfile` and :mod:`profile` to catch " +":exc:`BrokenPipeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21194 +msgid "" +":issue:`41604`: Don't decrement the reference count of the previous user_ptr" +" when set_panel_userptr fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21197 +msgid "" +":issue:`41149`: Allow executing callables that have a boolean value of " +"``False`` when passed to :class:`Threading.thread` as the target. Patch " +"contributed by Barney Stratford." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21201 +msgid "" +":issue:`38307`: Add an 'end_lineno' attribute to the Class and Function " +"objects that appear in the tree returned by pyclbr functions. This and the " +"existing 'lineno' attribute define the extent of class and def statements. " +"Patch by Aviral Srivastava." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21206 +msgid "" +":issue:`39273`: The ``BUTTON5_*`` constants are now exposed in the " +":mod:`curses` module if available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21209 +msgid "" +":issue:`33289`: Correct call to :mod:`tkinter.colorchooser` to return RGB " +"triplet of ints instead of floats. Patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21215 +msgid "" +":issue:`40304`: Fix doc for type(name, bases, dict). Patch by Boris " +"Verkhovskiy and Éric Araujo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21218 +msgid "" +":issue:`42811`: Updated importlib.util.resolve_name() doc to use " +"__spec__.parent instead of __package__. (Thanks Yair Frid.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21224 +msgid "" +":issue:`40823`: Use :meth:`unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase` " +"instead of :meth:`unittest.makeSuite` in :mod:`sqlite3` tests. Patch by " +"Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21228 +msgid "" +":issue:`40810`: In :mod:`sqlite3`, fix ``CheckTraceCallbackContent`` for " +"SQLite pre 3.7.15." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21234 +msgid "" +":issue:`43031`: Pass ``--timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)`` option to the default " +"profile task ``./python -m test --pgo`` command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21237 +msgid "" +":issue:`36143`: ``make regen-all`` now also runs ``regen-keyword``. Patch by" +" Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21240 +msgid "" +":issue:`42874`: Removed the grep -q and -E flags in the tzpath validation " +"section of the configure script to better accommodate users of some " +"platforms (specifically Solaris 10)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21244 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Add library search path by wr-cc in " +"add_cross_compiling_paths() for VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21247 +msgid "" +":issue:`42856`: Add ``--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH`` option to the " +"``./configure`` script. If specified, the :mod:`ensurepip` module looks for " +"``setuptools`` and ``pip`` wheel packages in this directory: if both are " +"present, these wheel packages are used instead of ensurepip bundled wheel " +"packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21252 +msgid "" +"Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundling " +"dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the " +"``/usr/share/python-wheels/`` directory and don't install the " +"``ensurepip._bundled`` package." +msgstr "" +"某些 Linux 发行版的打包策略建议不要绑定依赖关系。比如 Fedora 在 ``/usr/share/python-wheels/`` 目录下安装 " +"wheel 包，而不安装 ``ensurepip._bundled`` 包。" + +#: ../NEWS:21260 +msgid ":issue:`41837`: Updated Windows installer to include OpenSSL 1.1.1i" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21262 +msgid ":issue:`42584`: Upgrade Windows installer to use SQLite 3.34.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21267 +msgid "" +":issue:`42504`: Ensure that the value of " +"sysconfig.get_config_var('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET') is always a string, " +"even in when the value is parsable as an integer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21274 +msgid "" +":issue:`43008`: Make IDLE invoke :func:`sys.excepthook` in normal, 2-process" +" mode. Patch by Ken Hilton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21277 +msgid "" +":issue:`33065`: Fix problem debugging user classes with __repr__ method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21279 +msgid "" +":issue:`23544`: Disable Debug=>Stack Viewer when user code is running or " +"Debugger is active, to prevent hang or crash. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21282 +msgid "" +":issue:`32631`: Finish zzdummy example extension module: make menu entries " +"work; add docstrings and tests with 100% coverage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21288 +msgid "" +":issue:`42979`: When Python is built in debug mode (with C assertions), " +"calling a type slot like ``sq_length`` (``__len__()`` in Python) now fails " +"with a fatal error if the slot succeeded with an exception set, or failed " +"with no exception set. The error message contains the slot, the type name, " +"and the current exception (if an exception is set). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21294 +msgid "" +":issue:`43030`: Fixed a compiler warning in :c:func:`Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE()` " +"on platforms with signed :c:type:`wchar_t`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21299 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21301 +msgid "*Release date: 2021-01-04*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2021-01-04*" + +#: ../NEWS:21306 +msgid "" +":issue:`42814`: Fix undefined behavior in ``Objects/genericaliasobject.c``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21308 +msgid "" +":issue:`42806`: Fix the column offsets for f-strings :mod:`ast` nodes " +"surrounded by parentheses and for nodes that spawn multiple lines. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21312 +msgid "" +":issue:`40631`: Fix regression where a single parenthesized starred " +"expression was a valid assignment target." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21315 +msgid "" +":issue:`27794`: Improve the error message for failed writes/deletes to " +"property objects. When possible, the attribute name is now shown. Patch " +"provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21319 +msgid "" +":issue:`42745`: Make the type attribute lookup cache per-interpreter. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21322 +msgid "" +":issue:`42246`: Jumps to jumps are not eliminated when it would break PEP " +"626." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21324 +msgid "" +":issue:`42246`: Make sure that the ``f_lasti`` and ``f_lineno`` attributes " +"of a frame are set correctly when an exception is raised or re-raised. " +"Required for PEP 626." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21328 +msgid "" +":issue:`32381`: The coding cookie (ex: ``# coding: latin1``) is now ignored " +"in the command passed to the :option:`-c` command line option. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21332 +msgid "" +":issue:`30858`: Improve error location in expressions that contain " +"assignments. Patch by Pablo Galindo and Lysandros Nikolaou." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21335 +msgid "" +":issue:`42615`: Remove jump commands made redundant by the deletion of " +"unreachable bytecode blocks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21338 +msgid "" +":issue:`42639`: Make the :mod:`atexit` module state per-interpreter. It is " +"now safe have more than one :mod:`atexit` module instance. Patch by Donghee " +"Na and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21342 +msgid "" +":issue:`32381`: Fix encoding name when running a ``.pyc`` file on Windows: " +":c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()` now uses the correct encoding to decode " +"the filename." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21346 +msgid "" +":issue:`42195`: The ``__args__`` of the parameterized generics for " +":data:`typing.Callable` and :class:`collections.abc.Callable` are now " +"consistent. The ``__args__`` for :class:`collections.abc.Callable` are now " +"flattened while :data:`typing.Callable`'s have not changed. To allow this " +"change, :class:`types.GenericAlias` can now be subclassed and " +"``collections.abc.Callable``'s ``__class_getitem__`` will now return a " +"subclass of ``types.GenericAlias``. Tests for typing were also updated to " +"not subclass things like ``Callable[..., T]`` as that is not a valid base " +"class. Finally, both ``Callable``\\ s no longer validate their " +"``argtypes``, in ``Callable[[argtypes], resulttype]`` to prepare for " +":pep:`612`. Patch by Ken Jin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21358 +msgid "" +":issue:`40137`: Convert functools module to use " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21361 +msgid "" +":issue:`40077`: Convert :mod:`array` to use heap types, and establish module" +" state for these." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21364 +msgid ":issue:`42008`: Fix _random.Random() seeding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21366 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`pyexpat` extension module to multi-phase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21369 +msgid "" +":issue:`40521`: Make the Unicode dictionary of interned strings compatible " +"with subinterpreters. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21372 +msgid "" +":issue:`39465`: Make :c:func:`!_PyUnicode_FromId` function compatible with " +"subinterpreters. Each interpreter now has an array of identifier objects " +"(interned strings decoded from UTF-8). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21379 +msgid "" +":issue:`42257`: Handle empty string in variable executable in " +"platform.libc_ver()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21382 +msgid "" +":issue:`42772`: randrange() now raises a TypeError when step is specified " +"without a stop argument. Formerly, it silently ignored the step argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21385 +msgid "" +":issue:`42759`: Fixed equality comparison of :class:`tkinter.Variable` and " +":class:`tkinter.font.Font`. Objects which belong to different Tcl " +"interpreters are now always different, even if they have the same name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21389 +msgid "" +":issue:`42756`: Configure LMTP Unix-domain socket to use socket global " +"default timeout when a timeout is not explicitly provided." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21392 +msgid "" +":issue:`23328`: Allow / character in username, password fields on _PROXY " +"envars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21395 +msgid "" +":issue:`42740`: :func:`typing.get_args` and :func:`typing.get_origin` now " +"support :pep:`604` union types and :pep:`612` additions to ``Callable``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21398 +msgid "" +":issue:`42655`: :mod:`subprocess` *extra_groups* is now correctly passed " +"into setgroups() system call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21401 +msgid "" +":issue:`42727`: ``EnumMeta.__prepare__`` now accepts ``**kwds`` to properly " +"support ``__init_subclass__``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21404 +msgid "" +":issue:`38308`: Add optional *weights* to *statistics.harmonic_mean()*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21406 +msgid "" +":issue:`42721`: When simple query dialogs (:mod:`tkinter.simpledialog`), " +"message boxes (:mod:`tkinter.messagebox`) or color choose dialog " +"(:mod:`tkinter.colorchooser`) are created without arguments *master* and " +"*parent*, and the default root window is not yet created, and " +":func:`~tkinter.NoDefaultRoot` was not called, a new temporal hidden root " +"window will be created automatically. It will not be set as the default root" +" window and will be destroyed right after closing the dialog window. It will" +" help to use these simple dialog windows in programs which do not need other" +" GUI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21416 +msgid ":issue:`25246`: Optimized :meth:`collections.deque.remove`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21418 +msgid "" +":issue:`35728`: Added a root parameter to :func:`tkinter.font.nametofont`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21420 +msgid "" +":issue:`15303`: :mod:`tkinter` supports now widgets with boolean value " +"False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21422 +msgid "" +":issue:`42681`: Fixed range checks for color and pair numbers in " +":mod:`curses`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21424 +msgid "" +":issue:`42685`: Improved placing of simple query windows in Tkinter (such as" +" :func:`tkinter.simpledialog.askinteger`). They are now centered at the " +"center of the parent window if it is specified and shown, otherwise at the " +"center of the screen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21429 +msgid "" +":issue:`9694`: Argparse help no longer uses the confusing phrase, \"optional" +" arguments\". It uses \"options\" instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21432 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_thread` extension module to the " +"multiphase initialization API (:pep:`489`) and convert its static types to " +"heap types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21436 +msgid "" +":issue:`37961`: Fix crash in :func:`tracemalloc.Traceback.__repr__` " +"(regressed in Python 3.9)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21439 +msgid "" +":issue:`42630`: :mod:`tkinter` functions and constructors which need a " +"default root window raise now :exc:`RuntimeError` with descriptive message " +"instead of obscure :exc:`AttributeError` or :exc:`NameError` if it is not " +"created yet or cannot be created automatically." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21444 +msgid "" +":issue:`42639`: :func:`atexit._run_exitfuncs` now logs callback exceptions " +"using :data:`sys.unraisablehook`, rather than logging them directly into " +":data:`sys.stderr` and raise the last exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21448 +msgid "" +":issue:`42644`: ``logging.disable`` will now validate the types and value of" +" its parameter. It also now accepts strings representing the levels (as does" +" ``logging.setLevel``) instead of only the numerical values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21452 +msgid "" +":issue:`42639`: At Python exit, if a callback registered with " +":func:`atexit.register` fails, its exception is now logged. Previously, only" +" some exceptions were logged, and the last exception was always silently " +"ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21457 +msgid "" +":issue:`36541`: Fixed lib2to3.pgen2 to be able to parse PEP-570 positional " +"only argument syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21460 +msgid "" +":issue:`42382`: In ``importlib.metadata``: - ``EntryPoint`` objects now " +"expose a ``.dist`` object referencing the ``Distribution`` when constructed " +"from a ``Distribution``. - Add support for package discovery under package " +"normalization rules. - The object returned by ``metadata()`` now has a " +"formally defined protocol called ``PackageMetadata`` with declared support " +"for the ``.get_all()`` method. - Synced with importlib_metadata 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21467 +msgid "" +":issue:`41877`: A check is added against misspellings of autospect, " +"auto_spec and set_spec being passed as arguments to patch, patch.object and " +"create_autospec." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21471 +msgid "" +":issue:`39717`: [tarfile] update nested exception raising to use ``from " +"None`` or ``from e``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21474 +msgid "" +":issue:`41877`: AttributeError for suspected misspellings of assertions on " +"mocks are now pointing out that the cause are misspelled assertions and also" +" what to do if the misspelling is actually an intended attribute name. The " +"unittest.mock document is also updated to reflect the current set of " +"recognised misspellings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21480 +msgid "" +":issue:`41559`: Implemented :pep:`612`: added ``ParamSpec`` and " +"``Concatenate`` to :mod:`typing`. Patch by Ken Jin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21483 +msgid ":issue:`42385`: StrEnum: fix _generate_next_value_ to return a str" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21485 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Define THREAD_STACK_SIZE for VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21487 +msgid ":issue:`34750`: [Enum] ``_EnumDict.update()`` is now supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21489 +msgid "" +":issue:`42517`: Enum: private names do not become members / do not generate " +"errors -- they remain normal attributes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21492 +msgid "" +":issue:`42678`: ``Enum``: call ``__init_subclass__`` after members have been" +" added" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21495 +msgid "" +":issue:`28964`: :func:`ast.literal_eval` adds line number information (if " +"available) in error message for malformed nodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21498 +msgid "" +":issue:`42470`: :func:`random.sample` no longer warns on a sequence which is" +" also a set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21501 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: :func:`posixpath.expanduser` returns the input *path* " +"unchanged if user home directory is None on VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21504 +msgid "" +":issue:`42388`: Fix subprocess.check_output(..., input=None) behavior when " +"text=True to be consistent with that of the documentation and " +"universal_newlines=True." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21508 +msgid "" +":issue:`34463`: Fixed discrepancy between :mod:`traceback` and the " +"interpreter in formatting of SyntaxError with lineno not set " +"(:mod:`traceback` was changed to match interpreter)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21512 +msgid "" +":issue:`42393`: Raise :exc:`OverflowError` instead of silent truncation in " +":meth:`socket.ntohs` and :meth:`socket.htons`. Silent truncation was " +"deprecated in Python 3.7. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21516 +msgid "" +":issue:`42222`: Harmonized :func:`random.randrange` argument handling to " +"match :func:`range`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21519 +msgid "" +"The integer test and conversion in ``randrange()`` now uses " +":func:`operator.index`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21521 +msgid "Non-integer arguments to ``randrange()`` are deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21522 +msgid "The ``ValueError`` is deprecated in favor of a ``TypeError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21523 +msgid "It now runs a little faster than before." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21525 +msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Serhiy Storchaka.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21527 +msgid "" +":issue:`42163`: Restore compatibility for ``uname_result`` around deepcopy " +"and _replace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21530 +msgid "" +":issue:`42090`: ``zipfile.Path.joinpath`` now accepts arbitrary arguments, " +"same as ``pathlib.Path.joinpath``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21533 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the _csv module to the multi-phase initialization API" +" (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21536 +msgid "" +":issue:`42059`: :class:`typing.TypedDict` types created using the " +"alternative call-style syntax now correctly respect the ``total`` keyword " +"argument when setting their ``__required_keys__`` and ``__optional_keys__`` " +"class attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21541 +msgid "" +":issue:`41960`: Add ``globalns`` and ``localns`` parameters to the " +":func:`inspect.signature` and :meth:`inspect.Signature.from_callable`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21544 +msgid ":issue:`41907`: fix ``format()`` behavior for ``IntFlag``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21546 +msgid ":issue:`41891`: Ensure asyncio.wait_for waits for task completion" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21548 +msgid "" +":issue:`24792`: Fixed bug where :mod:`zipimporter` sometimes reports an " +"incorrect cause of import errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21551 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Fix site and sysconfig modules for VxWorks RTOS which has no" +" home directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21554 +msgid ":issue:`41462`: Add :func:`os.set_blocking` support for VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21556 +msgid "" +":issue:`40219`: Lowered :class:`tkinter.ttk.LabeledScale` dummy widget to " +"prevent hiding part of the content label." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21559 +msgid "" +":issue:`37193`: Fixed memory leak in ``socketserver.ThreadingMixIn`` " +"introduced in Python 3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21562 +msgid "" +":issue:`39068`: Fix initialization race condition in :func:`a85encode` and " +":func:`b85encode` in :mod:`base64`. Patch by Brandon Stansbury." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21568 +msgid "" +":issue:`17140`: Add documentation for the " +":class:`multiprocessing.pool.ThreadPool` class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21571 +msgid "" +":issue:`34398`: Prominently feature listings from the glossary in " +"documentation search results. Patch by Ammar Askar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21577 +msgid "" +":issue:`42794`: Update test_nntplib to use official group name of " +"news.aioe.org for testing. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21580 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Skip some asyncio tests on VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21582 +msgid "" +":issue:`42641`: Enhance ``test_select.test_select()``: it now takes 500 " +"milliseconds rather than 10 seconds. Use Python rather than a shell to make " +"the test more portable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21586 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Skip some tests in _test_all_chown_common() on VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21588 +msgid ":issue:`42199`: Fix bytecode helper assertNotInBytecode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21590 +msgid ":issue:`41443`: Add more attribute checking in test_posix.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21592 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Disable os.popen and impacted tests on VxWorks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21594 +msgid ":issue:`41439`: Port test_ssl and test_uuid to VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21599 +msgid "" +":issue:`42692`: Fix __builtin_available check on older compilers. Patch by " +"Joshua Root." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21602 +msgid "" +":issue:`27640`: Added ``--disable-test-modules`` option to the ``configure``" +" script: don't build nor install test modules. Patch by Xavier de Gaye, " +"Thomas Petazzoni and Peixing Xin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21606 +msgid "" +":issue:`42604`: Now all platforms use a value for the \"EXT_SUFFIX\" build " +"variable derived from SOABI (for instance in freeBSD, \"EXT_SUFFIX\" is now " +"\".cpython-310d.so\" instead of \".so\"). Previously only Linux, Mac and " +"VxWorks were using a value for \"EXT_SUFFIX\" that included \"SOABI\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21611 +msgid "" +":issue:`42598`: Fix implicit function declarations in configure which could " +"have resulted in incorrect configuration checks. Patch contributed by " +"Joshua Root." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21615 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Enable libpython3.so for VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21617 +msgid ":issue:`29076`: Add fish shell support to macOS installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21622 +msgid "" +":issue:`42361`: Update macOS installer build to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.11 (rc2, " +"expected to be final release)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21625 +msgid ":issue:`41837`: Update macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 1.1.1i." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21627 +msgid ":issue:`42584`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.34.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21632 +msgid "" +":issue:`42726`: Fixed Python 3 compatibility issue with gdb/libpython.py " +"handling of attribute dictionaries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21635 +msgid "" +":issue:`42613`: Fix ``freeze.py`` tool to use the prope config and library " +"directories. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21641 +msgid "" +":issue:`42591`: Export the :c:func:`Py_FrozenMain` function: fix a Python " +"3.9.0 regression. Python 3.9 uses ``-fvisibility=hidden`` and the function " +"was not exported explicitly and so not exported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21645 +msgid "" +":issue:`32381`: Remove the private :c:func:`!_Py_fopen` function which is no" +" longer needed. Use :c:func:`!_Py_wfopen` or :c:func:`!_Py_fopen_obj` " +"instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21649 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`resource` extension module to module state" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21651 +msgid "" +":issue:`42111`: Update the ``xxlimited`` module to be a better example of " +"how to use the limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21654 +msgid "" +":issue:`40052`: Fix an alignment build warning/error in function " +"``PyVectorcall_Function()``. Patch by Andreas Schneider, Antoine Pitrou and " +"Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21660 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21662 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-12-07*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2020-12-07*" + +#: ../NEWS:21667 +msgid "" +":issue:`40791`: Add ``volatile`` to the accumulator variable in " +"``hmac.compare_digest``, making constant-time-defeating optimizations less " +"likely." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21674 +msgid "" +":issue:`42576`: ``types.GenericAlias`` will now raise a ``TypeError`` when " +"attempting to initialize with a keyword argument. Previously, this would " +"cause the interpreter to crash if the interpreter was compiled with debug " +"symbols. This does not affect interpreters compiled for release. Patch by " +"Ken Jin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21680 +msgid "" +":issue:`42536`: Several built-in and standard library types now ensure that " +"their internal result tuples are always tracked by the :term:`garbage " +"collector `:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21684 +msgid ":meth:`collections.OrderedDict.items() `" +msgstr ":meth:`collections.OrderedDict.items() `" + +#: ../NEWS:21686 +msgid ":meth:`dict.items`" +msgstr ":meth:`dict.items`" + +#: ../NEWS:21688 +msgid ":func:`enumerate`" +msgstr ":func:`enumerate`" + +#: ../NEWS:21690 +msgid ":func:`functools.reduce`" +msgstr ":func:`functools.reduce`" + +#: ../NEWS:21692 +msgid ":func:`itertools.combinations`" +msgstr ":func:`itertools.combinations`" + +#: ../NEWS:21694 +msgid ":func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement`" +msgstr ":func:`itertools.combinations_with_replacement`" + +#: ../NEWS:21696 +msgid ":func:`itertools.permutations`" +msgstr ":func:`itertools.permutations`" + +#: ../NEWS:21698 +msgid ":func:`itertools.product`" +msgstr ":func:`itertools.product`" + +#: ../NEWS:21700 +msgid ":func:`itertools.zip_longest`" +msgstr ":func:`itertools.zip_longest`" + +#: ../NEWS:21702 +msgid ":func:`zip`" +msgstr ":func:`zip`" + +#: ../NEWS:21704 +msgid "" +"Previously, they could have become untracked by a prior garbage collection. " +"Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "之前，它们可能会被前一次垃圾回收取消追踪。 由 Brandt Bucher 提供补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:21707 +msgid "" +":issue:`42500`: Improve handling of exceptions near recursion limit. " +"Converts a number of Fatal Errors in RecursionErrors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21710 +msgid "" +":issue:`42246`: PEP 626: After a return, the f_lineno attribute of a frame " +"is always the last line executed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21713 +msgid "" +":issue:`42435`: Speed up comparison of bytes objects with non-bytes objects " +"when option :option:`-b` is specified. Speed up comparison of bytarray " +"objects with non-buffer object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21717 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the ``_warnings`` extension module to the multi-phase" +" initialization API (:pep:`489`). Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21720 +msgid "" +":issue:`41686`: On Windows, the ``SIGINT`` event, ``_PyOS_SigintEvent()``, " +"is now created even if Python is configured to not install signal handlers " +"(if :c:member:`PyConfig.install_signal_handlers` equals to 0, or " +"``Py_InitializeEx(0)``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21725 +msgid "" +":issue:`42381`: Allow assignment expressions in set literals and set " +"comprehensions as per PEP 572. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21728 +msgid "" +":issue:`42202`: Change function parameters annotations internal " +"representation to tuple of strings. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21731 +msgid "" +":issue:`42374`: Fix a regression introduced by the new parser, where an " +"unparenthesized walrus operator was not allowed within generator " +"expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21735 +msgid ":issue:`42316`: Allow an unparenthesized walrus in subscript indexes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21737 +msgid "" +":issue:`42349`: Make sure that the compiler front-end produces a well-formed" +" control flow graph. Be more aggressive in the compiler back-end, as it is " +"now safe to do so." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21741 +msgid "" +":issue:`42296`: On Windows, fix a regression in signal handling which " +"prevented to interrupt a program using CTRL+C. The signal handler can be run" +" in a thread different than the Python thread, in which case the test " +"deciding if the thread can handle signals is wrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21746 +msgid "" +":issue:`42332`: :class:`types.GenericAlias` objects can now be the targets " +"of weakrefs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21749 +msgid "" +":issue:`42282`: Optimise constant subexpressions that appear as part of " +"named expressions (previously the AST optimiser did not descend into named " +"expressions). Patch by Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21753 +msgid "" +":issue:`42266`: Fixed a bug with the LOAD_ATTR opcode cache that was not " +"respecting monkey-patching a class-level attribute to make it a descriptor. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21757 +msgid ":issue:`40077`: Convert :mod:`queue` to use heap types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21759 +msgid "" +":issue:`42246`: Improved accuracy of line tracing events and f_lineno " +"attribute of Frame objects. See PEP 626 for details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21762 +msgid ":issue:`40077`: Convert :mod:`mmap` to use heap types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21764 +msgid "" +":issue:`42233`: Allow ``GenericAlias`` objects to use :ref:`union type " +"expressions `. This allows expressions like ``list[int] | " +"dict[float, str]`` where previously a ``TypeError`` would have been thrown." +" This also fixes union type expressions not de-duplicating ``GenericAlias``" +" objects. (Contributed by Ken Jin in :issue:`42233`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21770 +msgid "" +":issue:`26131`: The import system triggers a ``ImportWarning`` when it falls" +" back to using ``load_module()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21776 +msgid "" +":issue:`5054`: CGIHTTPRequestHandler.run_cgi() HTTP_ACCEPT improperly " +"parsed. Replace the special purpose getallmatchingheaders with generic " +"get_all method and add relevant tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21780 +msgid "Original Patch by Martin Panter. Modified by Senthil Kumaran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21782 +msgid "" +":issue:`42562`: Fix issue when dis failed to parse function that has no line" +" numbers. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21785 +msgid "" +":issue:`17735`: :func:`inspect.findsource` now raises :exc:`OSError` instead" +" of :exc:`IndexError` when :attr:`co_lineno` of a code object is greater " +"than the file length. This can happen, for example, when a file is edited " +"after it was imported. PR by Irit Katriel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21790 +msgid "" +":issue:`42116`: Fix handling of trailing comments by " +":func:`inspect.getsource`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21792 +msgid "" +":issue:`42532`: Remove unexpected call of ``__bool__`` when passing a " +"``spec_arg`` argument to a Mock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21795 +msgid ":issue:`38200`: Added itertools.pairwise()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21797 +msgid "" +":issue:`41818`: Fix test_master_read() so that it succeeds on all platforms " +"that either raise OSError or return b\"\" upon reading from master." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21800 +msgid "" +":issue:`42487`: ChainMap.__iter__ no longer calls __getitem__ on underlying " +"maps" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21803 +msgid "" +":issue:`42482`: :class:`~traceback.TracebackException` no longer holds a " +"reference to the exception's traceback object. Consequently, instances of " +"TracebackException for equivalent but non-equal exceptions now compare as " +"equal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21808 +msgid "" +":issue:`41818`: Make test_openpty() avoid unexpected success due to number " +"of rows and/or number of columns being == 0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21811 +msgid "" +":issue:`42392`: Remove loop parameter from ``asyncio.subprocess`` and " +"``asyncio.tasks`` functions. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21814 +msgid "" +":issue:`42392`: Remove loop parameter from ``asyncio.open_connection`` and " +"``asyncio.start_server`` functions. Patch provided by Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21817 +msgid "" +":issue:`28468`: Add :func:`platform.freedesktop_os_release` function to " +"parse freedesktop.org ``os-release`` files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21820 +msgid "" +":issue:`42299`: Removed the ``formatter`` module, which was deprecated in " +"Python 3.4. It is somewhat obsolete, little used, and not tested. It was " +"originally scheduled to be removed in Python 3.6, but such removals were " +"delayed until after Python 2.7 EOL. Existing users should copy whatever " +"classes they use into their code. Patch by Donghee Na and and Terry J. " +"Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21827 +msgid "" +":issue:`26131`: Deprecate zipimport.zipimporter.load_module() in favour of " +"exec_module()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21830 +msgid "" +":issue:`41818`: Updated tests for the pty library. test_basic() has been " +"changed to test_openpty(); this additionally checks if slave termios and " +"slave winsize are being set properly by pty.openpty(). In order to add " +"support for FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Darwin, this also adds " +"test_master_read(), which demonstrates that pty.spawn() should not depend on" +" an OSError to exit from its copy loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21837 +msgid "" +":issue:`42392`: Remove loop parameter from ``__init__`` in all " +"``asyncio.locks`` and ``asyncio.Queue`` classes. Patch provided by Yurii " +"Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21841 +msgid "" +":issue:`15450`: Make :class:`filecmp.dircmp` respect subclassing. Now the " +":attr:`filecmp.dircmp.subdirs` behaves as expected when subclassing dircmp." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21845 +msgid "" +":issue:`42413`: The exception :exc:`socket.timeout` is now an alias of " +":exc:`TimeoutError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21848 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Support signal module on VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21850 +msgid "" +":issue:`42406`: We fixed an issue in ``pickle.whichmodule`` in which " +"importing ``multiprocessing`` could change the how pickle identifies which " +"module an object belongs to, potentially breaking the unpickling of those " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21854 +msgid "" +":issue:`42403`: Simplify the :mod:`importlib` external bootstrap code: " +"``importlib._bootstrap_external`` now uses regular imports to import builtin" +" modules. When it is imported, the builtin :func:`__import__` function is " +"already fully working and so can be used to import builtin modules like " +":mod:`sys`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21860 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Convert _sre module types to heap types (PEP 384). Patch " +"by Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21863 +msgid ":issue:`42375`: subprocess module update for DragonFlyBSD support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21865 +msgid "" +":issue:`41713`: Port the ``_signal`` extension module to the multi-phase " +"initialization API (:pep:`489`). Patch by Victor Stinner and Mohamed Koubaa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21869 +msgid "" +":issue:`37205`: :func:`time.time`, :func:`time.perf_counter` and " +":func:`time.monotonic` functions can no longer fail with a Python fatal " +"error, instead raise a regular Python exception on failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21873 +msgid "" +":issue:`42328`: Fixed :meth:`tkinter.ttk.Style.map`. The function accepts " +"now the representation of the default state as empty sequence (as returned " +"by ``Style.map()``). The structure of the result is now the same on all " +"platform and does not depend on the value of ``wantobjects``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21878 +msgid "" +":issue:`42345`: Fix various issues with ``typing.Literal`` parameter " +"handling (flatten, deduplicate, use type to cache key). Patch provided by " +"Yurii Karabas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21882 +msgid "" +":issue:`37205`: :func:`time.perf_counter` on Windows and " +":func:`time.monotonic` on macOS are now system-wide. Previously, they used " +"an offset computed at startup to reduce the precision loss caused by the " +"float type. Use :func:`time.perf_counter_ns` and :func:`time.monotonic_ns` " +"added in Python 3.7 to avoid this precision loss." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21888 +msgid "" +":issue:`42318`: Fixed support of non-BMP characters in :mod:`tkinter` on " +"macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21890 +msgid "" +":issue:`42350`: Fix the :class:`threading.Thread` class at fork: do nothing " +"if the thread is already stopped (ex: fork called at Python exit). " +"Previously, an error was logged in the child process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21894 +msgid ":issue:`42333`: Port _ssl extension module to heap types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21896 +msgid "" +":issue:`42014`: The ``onerror`` callback from ``shutil.rmtree`` now receives" +" correct function when ``os.open`` fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21899 +msgid ":issue:`42237`: Fix ``os.sendfile()`` on illumos." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21901 +msgid "" +":issue:`42308`: Add :data:`threading.__excepthook__` to allow retrieving the" +" original value of :func:`threading.excepthook` in case it is set to a " +"broken or a different value. Patch by Mario Corchero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21905 +msgid "" +":issue:`42131`: Implement PEP 451/spec methods on zipimport.zipimporter: " +"find_spec(), create_module(), and exec_module()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21908 +msgid "" +"This also allows for the documented deprecation of find_loader(), " +"find_module(), and load_module()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21911 +msgid "" +":issue:`41877`: Mock objects which are not unsafe will now raise an " +"AttributeError if an attribute with the prefix asert, aseert, or assrt is " +"accessed, in addition to this already happening for the prefixes assert or " +"assret." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21916 +msgid "" +":issue:`42264`: ``sqlite3.OptimizedUnicode`` has been undocumented and " +"obsolete since Python 3.3, when it was made an alias to :class:`str`. It is" +" now deprecated, scheduled for removal in Python 3.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21920 +msgid "" +":issue:`42251`: Added :func:`threading.gettrace` and " +":func:`threading.getprofile` to retrieve the functions set by " +":func:`threading.settrace` and :func:`threading.setprofile` respectively. " +"Patch by Mario Corchero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21925 +msgid ":issue:`42249`: Fixed writing binary Plist files larger than 4 GiB." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21927 +msgid "" +":issue:`42236`: On Unix, the :func:`os.device_encoding` function now returns" +" ``'UTF-8'`` rather than the device encoding if the :ref:`Python UTF-8 Mode " +"` is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21931 +msgid "" +":issue:`41754`: webbrowser: Ignore *NotADirectoryError* when calling ``xdg-" +"settings``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21934 +msgid "" +":issue:`42183`: Fix a stack overflow error for asyncio Task or Future " +"repr()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21936 +msgid "" +"The overflow occurs under some circumstances when a Task or Future " +"recursively returns itself." +msgstr "在 Task 或 Future 递归返回自身的情形下会导致栈溢出。" + +#: ../NEWS:21939 +msgid "" +":issue:`42140`: Improve asyncio.wait function to create the futures set just" +" one time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21942 +msgid "" +":issue:`42133`: Update various modules in the stdlib to fall back on " +"``__spec__.loader`` when ``__loader__`` isn't defined on a module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21945 +msgid "" +":issue:`26131`: The ``load_module()`` methods found in ``importlib`` now " +"trigger a ``DeprecationWarning``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21948 +msgid "" +":issue:`39825`: Windows: Change ``sysconfig.get_config_var('EXT_SUFFIX')`` " +"to the expected full ``platform_tag.extension`` format. Previously it was " +"hard-coded to ``.pyd``, now it is compatible with ``distutils.sysconfig`` " +"and will result in something like ``.cp38-win_amd64.pyd``. This brings " +"windows into conformance with the other platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21954 +msgid "" +":issue:`26389`: The :func:`traceback.format_exception`, " +":func:`traceback.format_exception_only`, and " +":func:`traceback.print_exception` functions can now take an exception object" +" as a positional-only argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21959 +msgid "" +":issue:`41889`: Enum: fix regression involving inheriting a multiply " +"inherited enum" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21962 +msgid "" +":issue:`41861`: Convert :mod:`sqlite3` to use heap types (PEP 384). Patch by" +" Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21965 +msgid "" +":issue:`40624`: Added support for the XPath ``!=`` operator in xml.etree" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21967 +msgid "" +":issue:`28850`: Fix :meth:`pprint.PrettyPrinter.format` overrides being " +"ignored for contents of small containers. The :func:`pprint._safe_repr` " +"function was removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21971 +msgid "" +":issue:`41625`: Expose the :c:func:`splice` as :func:`os.splice` in the " +":mod:`os` module. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21974 +msgid "" +":issue:`34215`: Clarify the error message for " +":exc:`asyncio.IncompleteReadError` when ``expected`` is ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21977 +msgid "" +":issue:`41543`: Add async context manager support for " +"contextlib.nullcontext." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21979 +msgid "" +":issue:`21041`: :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.parents` now supports negative " +"indexing. Patch contributed by Yaroslav Pankovych." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21982 +msgid "" +":issue:`41332`: Added missing connect_accepted_socket() method to " +"``asyncio.AbstractEventLoop``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21985 +msgid "" +":issue:`12800`: Extracting a symlink from a tarball should succeed and " +"overwrite the symlink if it already exists. The fix is to remove the " +"existing file or symlink before extraction. Based on patch by Chris AtLee, " +"Jeffrey Kintscher, and Senthil Kumaran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21990 +msgid "" +":issue:`40968`: :mod:`urllib.request` and :mod:`http.client` now send " +"``http/1.1`` ALPN extension during TLS handshake when no custom context is " +"supplied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21994 +msgid "" +":issue:`41001`: Add :func:`os.eventfd` to provide a low level interface for " +"Linux's event notification file descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:21997 +msgid "" +":issue:`40816`: Add AsyncContextDecorator to contextlib to support async " +"context manager as a decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22000 +msgid "" +":issue:`40550`: Fix time-of-check/time-of-action issue in " +"subprocess.Popen.send_signal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22003 +msgid "" +":issue:`39411`: Add an ``is_async`` identifier to :mod:`pyclbr`'s " +"``Function`` objects. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22006 +msgid ":issue:`35498`: Add slice support to :attr:`pathlib.PurePath.parents`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22011 +msgid "" +":issue:`42238`: Tentative to deprecate ``make suspicious`` by first removing" +" it from the CI and documentation builds, but keeping it around for manual " +"uses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22015 +msgid ":issue:`42153`: Fix the URL for the IMAP protocol documents." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22017 +msgid "" +":issue:`41028`: Language and version switchers, previously maintained in " +"every cpython branches, are now handled by docsbuild-script." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22023 +msgid "" +":issue:`41473`: Re-enable test_gdb on gdb 9.2 and newer: " +"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1866884 bug is fixed in gdb " +"10.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22027 +msgid "" +":issue:`42553`: Fix ``test_asyncio.test_call_later()`` race condition: don't" +" measure asyncio performance in the ``call_later()`` unit test. The test " +"failed randomly on the CI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22031 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Fix test_netrc on VxWorks: create temporary directories " +"using temp_cwd()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22034 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: skip test_getaddrinfo_ipv6_scopeid_symbolic and " +"test_getnameinfo_ipv6_scopeid_symbolic on VxWorks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22037 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: skip test_test of test_mailcap on VxWorks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22039 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: add shell requirement for test_pipes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22041 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: skip some tests related to fifo on VxWorks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22043 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Fix test_doctest.py failures for VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22045 +msgid "" +":issue:`40754`: Include ``_testinternalcapi`` module in Windows installer " +"for test suite" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22048 +msgid "" +":issue:`41561`: test_ssl: skip test_min_max_version_mismatch when TLS 1.0 is" +" not available" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22051 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Fix os module failures for VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22053 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Fix fifo test cases for VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22058 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: remove libnet dependency from detect_socket() for VxWorks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22060 +msgid "" +":issue:`42398`: Fix a race condition in \"make regen-all\" when make -jN " +"option is used to run jobs in parallel. The clinic.py script now only use " +"atomic write to write files. Moveover, generated files are now left " +"unchanged if the content does not change, to not change the file " +"modification time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22065 +msgid "" +":issue:`41617`: Fix building ``pycore_bitutils.h`` internal header on old " +"clang version without ``__builtin_bswap16()`` (ex: Xcode 4.6.3 on Mac OS X " +"10.7). Patch by Joshua Root and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22069 +msgid "" +":issue:`38823`: It is no longer possible to build the ``_ctypes`` extension " +"module without :c:type:`wchar_t` type: remove ``CTYPES_UNICODE`` macro. " +"Anyway, the :c:type:`wchar_t` type is required to build Python. Patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22074 +msgid "" +":issue:`42087`: Support was removed for AIX 5.3 and below. See " +":issue:`40680`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22076 +msgid "" +":issue:`40998`: Addressed three compiler warnings found by undefined " +"behavior sanitizer (ubsan)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22082 +msgid "" +":issue:`42120`: Remove macro definition of ``copysign`` (to ``_copysign``) " +"in headers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22085 +msgid "" +":issue:`38506`: The Windows launcher now properly handles Python 3.10 when " +"listing installed Python versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22091 +msgid "" +":issue:`42504`: Fix build on macOS Big Sur when MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22093 +msgid "" +":issue:`41116`: Ensure distutils.unixxcompiler.find_library_file can find " +"system provided libraries on macOS 11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22096 +msgid ":issue:`41100`: Add support for macOS 11 and Apple Silicon systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22098 +msgid "" +"It is now possible to build \"Universal 2\" binaries using \"--enable-" +"universalsdk --with-universal-archs=universal2\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22101 +msgid "" +"Binaries build on later macOS versions can be deployed back to older " +"versions (tested up to macOS 10.9), when using the correct deployment " +"target. This is tested using Xcode 11 and later." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22105 +msgid ":issue:`42232`: Added Darwin specific madvise options to mmap module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22107 +msgid "" +":issue:`38443`: The ``--enable-universalsdk`` and ``--with-universal-archs``" +" options for the configure script now check that the specified architectures" +" can be used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22114 +msgid "" +":issue:`42508`: Keep IDLE running on macOS. Remove obsolete workaround that" +" prevented running files with shortcuts when using new universal2 installers" +" built on macOS 11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22118 +msgid ":issue:`42426`: Fix reporting offset of the RE error in searchengine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22120 +msgid "" +":issue:`42415`: Get docstrings for IDLE calltips more often by using " +"inspect.getdoc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22126 +msgid "" +":issue:`42212`: The smelly.py script now also checks the Python dynamic " +"library and extension modules, not only the Python static library. Make also" +" the script more verbose: explain what it does." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22130 +msgid "" +":issue:`36310`: Allow :file:`Tools/i18n/pygettext.py` to detect calls to " +"``gettext`` in f-strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22136 +msgid "" +":issue:`42423`: The :c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` and " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` functions now accept a single class as " +"the *bases* argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22140 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`select` extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22143 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _posixsubprocess extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22146 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _posixshmem extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22149 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _struct extension module to multiphase initialization" +" (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22152 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`!spwd` extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22155 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`gc` extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22158 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _queue extension module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22161 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Convert :c:func:`Py_TYPE` and :c:func:`Py_SIZE` back to " +"macros to allow using them as an l-value. Many third party C extension " +"modules rely on the ability of using Py_TYPE() and Py_SIZE() to set an " +"object type and size: ``Py_TYPE(obj) = type;`` and ``Py_SIZE(obj) = size;``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22166 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`symtable` extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22169 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`grp` and :mod:`pwd` extension modules to " +"multiphase initialization (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22172 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _random extension module to multiphase initialization" +" (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22175 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _hashlib extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22178 +msgid "" +":issue:`41713`: Removed the undocumented ``PyOS_InitInterrupts()`` function." +" Initializing Python already implicitly installs signal handlers: see " +":c:member:`PyConfig.install_signal_handlers`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22182 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: The ``Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN`` macro no longer accesses " +"PyTypeObject attributes, but now can get the condition by calling the new " +"private :c:func:`!_PyTrash_cond()` function which hides implementation " +"details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22186 +msgid "" +":issue:`42260`: :c:func:`Py_GetPath`, :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`, :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`, " +":c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome` and :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName` functions now " +"return ``NULL`` if called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize` (before Python is " +"initialized). Use the new :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration API " +"` to get the :ref:`Python Path Configuration. `. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22194 +msgid "" +":issue:`42260`: The :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function now only parses " +":c:member:`PyConfig.argv` arguments once: :c:member:`PyConfig.parse_argv` is" +" set to ``2`` after arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are " +"strippped from :c:member:`PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would " +"parse the application options as Python options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22200 +msgid "" +":issue:`42262`: Added :c:func:`Py_NewRef` and :c:func:`Py_XNewRef` functions" +" to increment the reference count of an object and return the object. Patch " +"by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22204 +msgid "" +":issue:`42260`: When :c:func:`Py_Initialize` is called twice, the second " +"call now updates more :mod:`sys` attributes for the configuration, rather " +"than only :data:`sys.argv`. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22208 +msgid "" +":issue:`41832`: The :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec` function now accepts " +"NULL ``tp_doc`` slot." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22211 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Added :c:func:`PyModule_AddObjectRef` function: similar to" +" :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` but don't steal a reference to the value on " +"success. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22215 +msgid "" +":issue:`42171`: The :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` calling convention is added to " +"the limited API. The functions :c:func:`PyModule_AddType`, " +":c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`, :c:func:`PyType_GetModule` and " +":c:func:`PyType_GetModuleState` are added to the limited API on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22220 +msgid "" +":issue:`42085`: Add dedicated entry to PyAsyncMethods for sending values" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22222 +msgid "" +":issue:`41073`: :c:func:`PyType_GetSlot()` can now accept static types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22224 +msgid "" +":issue:`30459`: :c:func:`PyList_SET_ITEM`, :c:func:`PyTuple_SET_ITEM` and " +":c:func:`PyCell_SET` macros can no longer be used as l-value or r-value. For" +" example, ``x = PyList_SET_ITEM(a, b, c)`` and ``PyList_SET_ITEM(a, b, c) = " +"x`` now fail with a compiler error. It prevents bugs like ``if " +"(PyList_SET_ITEM (a, b, c) < 0) ...`` test. Patch by Zackery Spytz and " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22233 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22235 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-11-03*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2020-11-03*" + +#: ../NEWS:22240 +msgid "" +":issue:`42103`: Prevented potential DoS attack via CPU and RAM exhaustion " +"when processing malformed Apple Property List files in binary format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22243 +msgid "" +":issue:`42051`: The :mod:`plistlib` module no longer accepts entity " +"declarations in XML plist files to avoid XML vulnerabilities. This should " +"not affect users as entity declarations are not used in regular plist files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22251 +msgid "" +":issue:`42236`: If the ``nl_langinfo(CODESET)`` function returns an empty " +"string, Python now uses UTF-8 as the filesystem encoding. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22255 +msgid "" +":issue:`42218`: Fixed a bug in the PEG parser that was causing crashes in " +"debug mode. Now errors are checked in left-recursive rules to avoid cases " +"where such errors do not get handled in time and appear as long-distance " +"crashes in other places." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22260 +msgid "" +":issue:`42214`: Fixed a possible crash in the PEG parser when checking for " +"the '!=' token in the ``barry_as_flufl`` rule. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22263 +msgid "" +":issue:`42206`: Propagate and raise the errors caused by " +":c:func:`PyAST_Validate` in the parser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22266 +msgid "" +":issue:`41796`: The :mod:`ast` module internal state is now per interpreter." +" Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22269 +msgid "" +":issue:`42143`: Fix handling of errors during creation of " +"``PyFunctionObject``, which resulted in operations on uninitialized memory. " +"Patch by Yonatan Goldschmidt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22273 +msgid "" +":issue:`41659`: Fix a bug in the parser, where a curly brace following a " +"``primary`` didn't fail immediately. This led to invalid expressions like " +"``a {b}`` to throw a :exc:`SyntaxError` with a wrong offset, or invalid " +"expressions ending with a curly brace like ``a {`` to not fail immediately " +"in the REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22279 +msgid "" +":issue:`42150`: Fix possible buffer overflow in the new parser when checking" +" for continuation lines. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22282 +msgid "" +":issue:`42123`: Run the parser two times. On the first run, disable all the " +"rules that only generate better error messages to gain performance. If " +"there's a parse failure, run the parser a second time with those enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22286 +msgid "" +":issue:`42093`: The ``LOAD_ATTR`` instruction now uses new \"per opcode " +"cache\" mechanism and it is about 36% faster now. Patch by Pablo Galindo and" +" Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22290 +msgid "" +":issue:`42030`: Support for the legacy AIX-specific shared library loading " +"support has been removed. All versions of AIX since 4.3 have supported and " +"defaulted to using the common Unix mechanism instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22294 +msgid "" +":issue:`41984`: The garbage collector now tracks all user-defined classes. " +"Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22297 +msgid "" +":issue:`41993`: Fixed potential issues with removing not completely " +"initialized module from ``sys.modules`` when import fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22300 +msgid "" +":issue:`41979`: Star-unpacking is now allowed for with item's targets in the" +" PEG parser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22303 +msgid "" +":issue:`41974`: Removed special methods ``__int__``, ``__float__``, " +"``__floordiv__``, ``__mod__``, ``__divmod__``, ``__rfloordiv__``, " +"``__rmod__`` and ``__rdivmod__`` of the :class:`complex` class. They always" +" raised a :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22308 +msgid "" +":issue:`41902`: Micro optimization when compute " +":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item` and " +":c:member:`~PyMappingMethods.mp_subscript` of :class:`range`. Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22313 +msgid "" +":issue:`41894`: When loading a native module and a load failure occurs, " +"prevent a possible UnicodeDecodeError when not running in a UTF-8 locale by " +"decoding the load error message using the current locale's encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22317 +msgid "" +":issue:`41902`: Micro optimization for range.index if step is 1. Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22320 +msgid "" +":issue:`41435`: Add ``sys._current_exceptions()`` function to retrieve a " +"dictionary mapping each thread's identifier to the topmost exception " +"currently active in that thread at the time the function is called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22324 +msgid "" +":issue:`38605`: Enable ``from __future__ import annotations`` (:pep:`563`) " +"by default. The values found in :attr:`~object.__annotations__` dicts are " +"now strings, for example ``{\"x\": \"int\"}`` instead of ``{\"x\": int}``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22331 +msgid "" +":issue:`35455`: On Solaris, :func:`~time.thread_time` is now implemented " +"with ``gethrvtime()`` because ``clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)`` is " +"not always available. Patch by Jakub Kulik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22335 +msgid "" +":issue:`42233`: The :func:`repr` of :mod:`typing` types containing " +":ref:`Generic Alias Types ` previously did not show the " +"parameterized types in the ``GenericAlias``. They have now been changed to " +"do so." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22340 +msgid "" +":issue:`29566`: ``binhex.binhex()`` consistently writes macOS 9 line " +"endings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22342 +msgid "" +":issue:`26789`: The :class:`logging.FileHandler` class now keeps a reference" +" to the builtin :func:`open` function to be able to open or reopen the file " +"during Python finalization. Fix errors like: ``NameError: name 'open' is not" +" defined``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22347 +msgid "" +":issue:`42157`: Removed the ``unicodedata.ucnhash_CAPI`` attribute which was" +" an internal PyCapsule object. The related private ``_PyUnicode_Name_CAPI`` " +"structure was moved to the internal C API. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22351 +msgid "" +":issue:`42157`: Convert the :mod:`unicodedata` extension module to the " +"multiphase initialization API (:pep:`489`) and convert the " +"``unicodedata.UCD`` static type to a heap type. Patch by Mohamed Koubaa and " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22356 +msgid "" +":issue:`42146`: Fix memory leak in :func:`subprocess.Popen` in case an uid " +"(gid) specified in ``user`` (``group``, ``extra_groups``) overflows " +"``uid_t`` (``gid_t``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22360 +msgid "" +":issue:`42103`: :exc:`~plistlib.InvalidFileException` and " +":exc:`RecursionError` are now the only errors caused by loading malformed " +"binary Plist file (previously ValueError and TypeError could be raised in " +"some specific cases)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22365 +msgid "" +":issue:`41490`: In ``importlib.resources``, ``.path`` method is more " +"aggressive about releasing handles to zipfile objects early, enabling use-" +"cases like certifi to leave the context open but delete the underlying zip " +"file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22369 +msgid "" +":issue:`41052`: Pickling heap types implemented in C with protocols 0 and 1 " +"raises now an error instead of producing incorrect data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22372 +msgid "" +":issue:`42089`: In ``importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError``, make " +"reference to the package metadata being missing to improve the user " +"experience." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22375 +msgid "" +":issue:`41491`: plistlib: fix parsing XML plists with hexadecimal integer " +"values" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22378 +msgid "" +":issue:`42065`: Fix an incorrectly formatted error from " +":meth:`!_codecs.charmap_decode` when called with a mapped value outside the " +"range of valid Unicode code points. PR by Max Bernstein." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22382 +msgid "" +":issue:`41966`: Fix pickling pure Python :class:`datetime.time` subclasses. " +"Patch by Dean Inwood." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22385 +msgid "" +":issue:`19270`: :meth:`sched.scheduler.cancel` will now cancel the correct " +"event, if two events with same priority are scheduled for the same time. " +"Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22389 +msgid "" +":issue:`28660`: :func:`textwrap.wrap` now attempts to break long words after" +" hyphens when ``break_long_words=True`` and ``break_on_hyphens=True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22392 +msgid "" +":issue:`35823`: Use ``vfork()`` instead of ``fork()`` for " +":func:`subprocess.Popen` on Linux to improve performance in cases where it " +"is deemed safe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22396 +msgid "" +":issue:`42043`: Add support for ``zipfile.Path`` inheritance. " +"``zipfile.Path.is_file()`` now returns False for non-existent names. " +"``zipfile.Path`` objects now expose a ``.filename`` attribute and rely on " +"that to resolve ``.name`` and ``.parent`` when the ``Path`` object is at the" +" root of the zipfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22402 +msgid ":issue:`42021`: Fix possible ref leaks in :mod:`sqlite3` module init." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22404 +msgid "" +":issue:`39101`: Fixed tests using IsolatedAsyncioTestCase from hanging on " +"BaseExceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22407 +msgid "" +":issue:`41976`: Fixed a bug that was causing " +":func:`ctypes.util.find_library` to return ``None`` when triying to locate a" +" library in an environment when gcc>=9 is available and ``ldconfig`` is not." +" Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22411 +msgid "" +":issue:`41943`: Fix bug where TestCase.assertLogs doesn't correctly filter " +"messages by level." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22414 +msgid "" +":issue:`41923`: Implement :pep:`613`, introducing :data:`typing.TypeAlias` " +"annotation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22417 +msgid "" +":issue:`41905`: A new function in abc: *update_abstractmethods* to re-" +"calculate an abstract class's abstract status. In addition, *dataclass* has " +"been changed to call this function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22421 +msgid "" +":issue:`23706`: Added *newline* parameter to ``pathlib.Path.write_text()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22423 +msgid ":issue:`41876`: Tkinter font class repr uses font name" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22425 +msgid "" +":issue:`41831`: ``str()`` for the ``type`` attribute of the " +"``tkinter.Event`` object always returns now the numeric code returned by Tk " +"instead of the name of the event type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22429 +msgid "" +":issue:`39337`: :func:`encodings.normalize_encoding` now ignores non-ASCII " +"characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22432 +msgid "" +":issue:`41747`: Ensure all methods that generated from " +":func:`dataclasses.dataclass` objects now have the proper ``__qualname__`` " +"attribute referring to the class they belong to. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22436 +msgid "" +":issue:`30681`: Handle exceptions caused by unparsable date headers when " +"using email \"default\" policy. Patch by Tim Bell, Georges Toth" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22439 +msgid "" +":issue:`41586`: Add F_SETPIPE_SZ and F_GETPIPE_SZ to fcntl module. Allow " +"setting pipesize on subprocess.Popen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22442 +msgid "" +":issue:`41229`: Add ``contextlib.aclosing`` for deterministic cleanup of " +"async generators which is analogous to ``contextlib.closing`` for non-async " +"generators. Patch by Joongi Kim and John Belmonte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22446 +msgid "" +":issue:`16396`: Allow ``ctypes.wintypes`` to be imported on non-Windows " +"systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22449 +msgid ":issue:`4356`: Add a key function to the bisect module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22451 +msgid "" +":issue:`40592`: :func:`shutil.which` now ignores empty entries in " +":envvar:`PATHEXT` instead of treating them as a match." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22454 +msgid "" +":issue:`40492`: Fix ``--outfile`` for :mod:`cProfile` / :mod:`profile` not " +"writing the output file in the original directory when the program being " +"profiled changes the working directory. PR by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22458 +msgid "" +":issue:`34204`: The :mod:`shelve` module now uses " +":const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` by default instead of :mod:`pickle` " +"protocol ``3``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22462 +msgid "" +":issue:`27321`: Fixed KeyError exception when flattening an email to a " +"string attempts to replace a non-existent Content-Transfer-Encoding header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22465 +msgid "" +":issue:`38976`: The :mod:`http.cookiejar` module now supports the parsing of" +" cookies in CURL-style cookiejar files through MozillaCookieJar on all " +"platforms. Previously, such cookie entries would be silently ignored when " +"loading a cookiejar with such entries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22470 +msgid "" +"Additionally, the HTTP Only attribute is persisted in the object, and will " +"be correctly written to file if the MozillaCookieJar object is subsequently " +"dumped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22477 +msgid ":issue:`42061`: Document __format__ functionality for IP addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22479 +msgid "" +":issue:`41910`: Document the default implementation of ``object.__eq__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22481 +msgid "" +":issue:`42010`: Clarify that subscription expressions are also valid for " +"certain :term:`classes ` and :term:`types ` in the standard " +"library, and for user-defined classes and types if the classmethod " +":meth:`__class_getitem__` is provided." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22486 +msgid "" +":issue:`41805`: Documented :ref:`generic alias type ` " +"and :data:`types.GenericAlias`. Also added an entry in glossary for " +":term:`generic types `." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22490 +msgid ":issue:`39693`: Fix tarfile's extractfile documentation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22492 +msgid "" +":issue:`39416`: Document some restrictions on the default string " +"representations of numeric classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22498 +msgid "" +":issue:`41739`: Fix test_logging.test_race_between_set_target_and_flush(): " +"the test now waits until all threads complete to avoid leaking running " +"threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22502 +msgid "" +":issue:`41970`: Avoid a test failure in ``test_lib2to3`` if the module has " +"already imported at the time the test executes. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22505 +msgid "" +":issue:`41944`: Tests for CJK codecs no longer call ``eval()`` on content " +"received via HTTP." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22508 +msgid "" +":issue:`41306`: Fixed a failure in ``test_tk.test_widgets.ScaleTest`` " +"happening when executing the test with Tk 8.6.10." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22514 +msgid "" +":issue:`38980`: Add ``-fno-semantic-interposition`` to both the compile and " +"link line when building with ``--enable-optimizations``. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner and Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22521 +msgid "" +":issue:`38439`: Updates the icons for IDLE in the Windows Store package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22523 +msgid "" +":issue:`38252`: Use 8-byte step to detect ASCII sequence in 64-bit Windows " +"build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22526 +msgid ":issue:`39107`: Update Tcl and Tk to 8.6.10 in Windows installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22528 +msgid ":issue:`41557`: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.33.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22530 +msgid "" +":issue:`38324`: Avoid Unicode errors when accessing certain locale data on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22536 +msgid "" +":issue:`41471`: Ignore invalid prefix lengths in system proxy excludes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22541 +msgid "" +":issue:`33987`: Mostly finish using ttk widgets, mainly for editor, " +"settings, and searches. Some patches by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22544 +msgid "" +":issue:`40511`: Typing opening and closing parentheses inside the " +"parentheses of a function call will no longer cause unnecessary \"flashing\"" +" off and on of an existing open call-tip, e.g. when typed in a string " +"literal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22548 +msgid "" +":issue:`38439`: Add a 256×256 pixel IDLE icon to the Windows .ico file. " +"Created by Andrew Clover. Remove the low-color gif variations from the .ico " +"file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22554 +msgid "" +":issue:`42157`: The private ``_PyUnicode_Name_CAPI`` structure of the " +"PyCapsule API ``unicodedata.ucnhash_CAPI`` has been moved to the internal C " +"API. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22558 +msgid "" +":issue:`42015`: Fix potential crash in deallocating method objects when " +"dynamically allocated :c:type:`PyMethodDef`'s lifetime is managed through " +"the ``self`` argument of a :c:type:`PyCFunction`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22562 +msgid "" +":issue:`40423`: The :mod:`subprocess` module and ``os.closerange`` will now " +"use the ``close_range(low, high, flags)`` syscall when it is available for " +"more efficient closing of ranges of descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22566 +msgid "" +":issue:`41845`: :c:func:`PyObject_GenericGetDict` is available again in the " +"limited API when targeting 3.10 or later." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22569 +msgid "" +":issue:`40422`: Add ``_Py_closerange`` function to provide performant " +"closing of a range of file descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22572 +msgid "" +":issue:`41986`: :c:data:`!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors` and " +":c:data:`!Py_UTF8Mode` are available again in limited API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22575 +msgid "" +":issue:`41756`: Add ``PyIter_Send`` function to allow sending value into " +"generator/coroutine/iterator without raising StopIteration exception to " +"signal return." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22579 +msgid "" +":issue:`41784`: Added ``PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize`` to the limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22583 +msgid "Python 3.10.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22585 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-10-05*" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22590 +msgid "" +":issue:`41304`: Fixes ``python3x._pth`` being ignored on Windows, caused by " +"the fix for :issue:`29778` (:cve:`2020-15801`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22593 +msgid "" +":issue:`41162`: Audit hooks are now cleared later during finalization to " +"avoid missing events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22596 +msgid "" +":issue:`29778`: Ensure :file:`python3.dll` is loaded from correct locations " +"when Python is embedded (:cve:`2020-15523`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22599 +msgid "" +":issue:`41004`: The __hash__() methods of ipaddress.IPv4Interface and " +"ipaddress.IPv6Interface incorrectly generated constant hash values of 32 and" +" 128 respectively. This resulted in always causing hash collisions. The fix " +"uses hash() to generate hash values for the tuple of (address, mask length, " +"network address)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22605 +msgid "" +":issue:`39603`: Prevent http header injection by rejecting control " +"characters in http.client.putrequest(...)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22611 +msgid "" +":issue:`41909`: Fixed stack overflow in :func:`issubclass` and " +":func:`isinstance` when getting the ``__bases__`` attribute leads to " +"infinite recursion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22615 +msgid "" +":issue:`41922`: Speed up calls to ``reversed()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22618 +msgid "" +":issue:`41873`: Calls to ``float()`` are now faster due to the " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22621 +msgid "" +":issue:`41870`: Speed up calls to ``bool()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22624 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_bisect` module to the multi-phase " +"initialization API (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22627 +msgid "" +":issue:`39934`: Correctly count control blocks in 'except' in compiler. " +"Ensures that a syntax error, rather a fatal error, occurs for deeply nested," +" named exception handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22631 +msgid "" +":issue:`41780`: Fix :meth:`__dir__` of :class:`types.GenericAlias`. Patch by" +" Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22634 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_lsprof` extension module to multi-phase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22637 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`cmath` extension module to multi-phase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22640 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_scproxy` extension module to multi-phase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22643 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`termios` extension module to multi-phase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22646 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Convert the :mod:`!_sha256` extension module types to heap" +" types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22649 +msgid "" +":issue:`41690`: Fix a possible stack overflow in the parser when parsing " +"functions and classes with a huge amount of arguments. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22653 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_overlapped` extension module to multi-" +"phase initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22656 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_curses_panel` extension module to multi-" +"phase initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22659 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_opcode` extension module to multi-phase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22662 +msgid "" +":issue:`41681`: Fixes the wrong error description in the error raised by " +"using 2 ``,`` in format string in f-string and :meth:`str.format`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22665 +msgid "" +":issue:`41675`: The implementation of :func:`signal.siginterrupt` now uses " +":c:func:`!sigaction` (if it is available in the system) instead of the " +"deprecated :c:func:`!siginterrupt`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22669 +msgid "" +":issue:`41670`: Prevent line trace being skipped on platforms not compiled " +"with ``USE_COMPUTED_GOTOS``. Fixes issue where some lines nested within a " +"try-except block were not being traced on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22673 +msgid "" +":issue:`41654`: Fix a crash that occurred when destroying subclasses of " +":class:`MemoryError`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22676 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`zlib` extension module to multi-phase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22679 +msgid "" +":issue:`41631`: The ``_ast`` module uses again a global state. Using a " +"module state per module instance is causing subtle practical problems. For " +"example, the Mercurial project replaces the ``__import__()`` function to " +"implement lazy import, whereas Python expected that ``import _ast`` always " +"return a fully initialized ``_ast`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22685 +msgid "" +":issue:`40077`: Convert :mod:`!_operator` to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22687 +msgid "" +":issue:`1653741`: Port :mod:`!_sha3` to multi-phase init. Convert static " +"types to heap types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22690 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_blake2` extension module to the multi-" +"phase initialization API (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22693 +msgid "" +":issue:`41533`: Free the stack allocated in ``va_build_stack`` if " +"``do_mkstack`` fails and the stack is not a ``small_stack``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22696 +msgid "" +":issue:`41531`: Fix a bug that was dropping keys when compiling dict " +"literals with more than 0xFFFF elements. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22699 +msgid "" +":issue:`41525`: The output of ``python --help`` contains now only ASCII " +"characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22702 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the :mod:`!_sha1`, :mod:`!_sha512`, and :mod:`!_md5` " +"extension modules to multi-phase initialization API (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22705 +msgid "" +":issue:`41431`: Optimize ``dict_merge()`` for copying dict (e.g. ``dict(d)``" +" and ``{}.update(d)``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22708 +msgid "" +":issue:`41428`: Implement PEP 604. This supports (int | str) etc. in place " +"of Union[str, int]." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22711 +msgid ":issue:`41340`: Removed fallback implementation for ``strdup``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22713 +msgid "" +":issue:`38156`: Handle interrupts that come after EOF correctly in " +"``PyOS_StdioReadline``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22716 +msgid "" +":issue:`41342`: :func:`round` with integer argument is now faster (9--60%)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22718 +msgid "" +":issue:`41334`: Constructors :func:`str`, :func:`bytes` and " +":func:`bytearray` are now faster (around 30--40% for small objects)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22721 +msgid "" +":issue:`41295`: Resolve a regression in CPython 3.8.4 where defining " +"\"__setattr__\" in a multi-inheritance setup and calling up the hierarchy " +"chain could fail if builtins/extension types were involved in the base " +"types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22726 +msgid "" +":issue:`41323`: Bytecode optimizations are performed directly on the control" +" flow graph. This will result in slightly more compact code objects in some " +"circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22730 +msgid "" +":issue:`41247`: Always cache the running loop holder when running " +"``asyncio.set_running_loop``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22733 +msgid "" +":issue:`41252`: Fix incorrect refcounting in _ssl.c's " +"``_servername_callback()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22736 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`multiprocessing` to multi-phase initialization" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22738 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`winapi` to multiphase initialization" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22740 +msgid "" +":issue:`41215`: Use non-NULL default values in the PEG parser keyword list " +"to overcome a bug that was preventing Python from being properly compiled " +"when using the XLC compiler. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22744 +msgid "" +":issue:`41218`: Python 3.8.3 had a regression where compiling with " +"ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT would aggressively mark list comprehension " +"with CO_COROUTINE. Now only list comprehension making use of async/await " +"will tagged as so." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22749 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`faulthandler` to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22751 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`sha256` to multiphase initialization" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22753 +msgid "" +":issue:`41175`: Guard against a NULL pointer dereference within " +"bytearrayobject triggered by the ``bytearray() + bytearray()`` operation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22756 +msgid "" +":issue:`41100`: add arm64 to the allowable Mac OS arches in mpdecimal.h" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22758 +msgid "" +":issue:`41094`: Fix decoding errors with audit when open files with non-" +"ASCII names on non-UTF-8 locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22761 +msgid "" +":issue:`39960`: The \"hackcheck\" that prevents sneaking around a type's " +"__setattr__() by calling the superclass method was rewritten to allow C " +"implemented heap types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22765 +msgid "" +":issue:`41084`: Prefix the error message with 'f-string: ', when parsing an " +"f-string expression which throws a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22768 +msgid ":issue:`40521`: Empty frozensets are no longer singletons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22770 +msgid "" +":issue:`41076`: Pre-feed the parser with the location of the f-string " +"expression, not the f-string itself, which allows us to skip the shifting of" +" the AST node locations after the parsing is completed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22774 +msgid "" +":issue:`41056`: Fixes a reference to deallocated stack space during startup " +"when constructing sys.path involving a relative symlink when code was " +"supplied via -c. (discovered via Coverity)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22778 +msgid "" +":issue:`41061`: Fix incorrect expressions and asserts in hashtable code and " +"tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22781 +msgid "" +":issue:`41052`: Opt out serialization/deserialization for _random.Random" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22783 +msgid "" +":issue:`40939`: Rename ``PyPegen*`` functions to ``PyParser*``, so that we " +"can remove the old set of ``PyParser*`` functions that were using the old " +"parser, but keep everything backwards-compatible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22787 +msgid "" +":issue:`35975`: Stefan Behnel reported that cf_feature_version is used even " +"when PyCF_ONLY_AST is not set. This is against the intention and against the" +" documented behavior, so it's been fixed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22791 +msgid "" +":issue:`40939`: Remove the remaining files from the old parser and the " +":mod:`symbol` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22794 +msgid ":issue:`40077`: Convert :mod:`!_bz2` to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22796 +msgid "" +":issue:`41006`: The ``encodings.latin_1`` module is no longer imported at " +"startup. Now it is only imported when it is the filesystem encoding or the " +"stdio encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22800 +msgid "" +":issue:`40636`: :func:`zip` now supports :pep:`618`'s ``strict`` parameter, " +"which raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the arguments are exhausted at different" +" lengths. Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22804 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`!_gdbm` to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22806 +msgid "" +":issue:`40985`: Fix a bug that caused the :exc:`SyntaxError` text to be " +"empty when a file ends with a line ending in a line continuation character " +"(i.e. backslash). The error text should contain the text of the last line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22810 +msgid "" +":issue:`40958`: Fix a possible buffer overflow in the PEG parser when " +"gathering information for emitting syntax errors. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22813 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`!_dbm` to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22815 +msgid "" +":issue:`40957`: Fix refleak in _Py_fopen_obj() when PySys_Audit() fails" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22817 +msgid "" +":issue:`40950`: Add a state to the :mod:`!nis` module (:pep:`3121`) and " +"apply the multiphase initialization. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22820 +msgid "" +":issue:`40947`: The Python :ref:`Path Configuration ` now " +"takes :c:member:`PyConfig.platlibdir` in account." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22823 +msgid "" +":issue:`40939`: Remove the old parser, the :mod:`parser` module and all " +"associated support code, command-line options and environment variables. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22827 +msgid "" +":issue:`40847`: Fix a bug where a line with only a line continuation " +"character is not considered a blank line at tokenizer level. In such cases, " +"more than a single ``NEWLINE`` token was emitted. The old parser was working" +" around the issue, but the new parser threw a :exc:`SyntaxError` for valid " +"input due to this. For example, an empty line following a line continuation " +"character was interpreted as a :exc:`SyntaxError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22834 +msgid "" +":issue:`40890`: Each dictionary view now has a ``mapping`` attribute that " +"provides a :class:`types.MappingProxyType` wrapping the original dictionary." +" Patch contributed by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22838 +msgid "" +":issue:`40889`: Improved the performance of symmetric difference operations " +"on dictionary item views. Patch by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22841 +msgid "" +":issue:`40904`: Fix possible segfault in the new PEG parser when parsing " +"f-string containing yield statements with no value (:code:`f\"{yield}\"`). " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22845 +msgid "" +":issue:`40903`: Fixed a possible segfault in the new PEG parser when " +"producing error messages for invalid assignments of the form :code:`p=p=`. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22849 +msgid "" +":issue:`40880`: Fix invalid memory read in the new parser when checking " +"newlines in string literals. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22852 +msgid "" +":issue:`40883`: Fix memory leak in when parsing f-strings in the new parser." +" Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22855 +msgid "" +":issue:`40870`: Raise :exc:`ValueError` when validating custom AST's where " +"the constants ``True``, ``False`` and ``None`` are used within a " +":class:`ast.Name` node." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22859 +msgid "" +":issue:`40854`: Allow overriding :data:`sys.platlibdir` via a new " +":envvar:`PYTHONPLATLIBDIR` environment variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22862 +msgid "" +":issue:`40826`: Fix GIL usage in :c:func:`PyOS_Readline`: lock the GIL to " +"set an exception and pass the Python thread state when checking if there is " +"a pending signal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22866 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`fcntl` to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22868 +msgid "" +":issue:`19468`: Delete unnecessary instance check in importlib.reload(). " +"Patch by Furkan Önder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22871 +msgid "" +":issue:`40824`: Unexpected errors in calling the ``__iter__`` method are no " +"longer masked by ``TypeError`` in the :keyword:`in` operator and functions " +":func:`~operator.contains`, :func:`~operator.indexOf` and " +":func:`~operator.countOf` of the :mod:`operator` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22876 +msgid "" +":issue:`40792`: Attributes ``start``, ``stop`` and ``step`` of the " +":class:`range` object now always has exact type :class:`int`. Previously, " +"they could have been an instance of a subclass of ``int``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22880 +msgid "" +":issue:`40780`: Fix a corner case where g-style string formatting of a float" +" failed to remove trailing zeros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22883 +msgid "" +":issue:`38964`: When there's a :exc:`SyntaxError` in the expression part of " +"an fstring, the filename attribute of the :exc:`SyntaxError` gets correctly " +"set to the name of the file the fstring resides in." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22887 +msgid "" +":issue:`40750`: Support the \"-d\" debug flag in the new PEG parser. Patch " +"by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22890 +msgid "" +":issue:`40217`: Instances of types created with " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` will no longer automatically visit their " +"class object when traversing references in the garbage collector. The user " +"is expected to manually visit the object's class. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22896 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: :c:func:`Py_TYPE()` is changed to the inline static " +"function. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22899 +msgid "" +":issue:`40696`: Fix a hang that can arise after :meth:`generator.throw` due " +"to a cycle in the exception context chain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22902 +msgid "" +":issue:`40521`: Each interpreter now its has own free lists, singletons and " +"caches:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22905 +msgid "" +"Free lists: float, tuple, list, dict, frame, context, asynchronous " +"generator, MemoryError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22907 +msgid "" +"Singletons: empty tuple, empty bytes string, empty Unicode string, single " +"byte character, single Unicode (latin1) character." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22909 +msgid "Slice cache." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22911 +msgid "They are no longer shared by all interpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22913 +msgid "" +":issue:`40679`: Certain :exc:`TypeError` messages about missing or extra " +"arguments now include the function's :term:`qualified name`. Patch by " +"Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22917 +msgid "" +":issue:`29590`: Make the stack trace correct after calling " +":meth:`generator.throw` on a generator that has yielded from a ``yield " +"from``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22921 +msgid "" +":issue:`4022`: Improve performance of generators by not raising internal " +"StopIteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22924 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`mmap` to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22926 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`!_lzma` to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22928 +msgid "" +":issue:`37999`: Builtin and extension functions that take integer arguments " +"no longer accept :class:`~decimal.Decimal`\\ s, " +":class:`~fractions.Fraction`\\ s and other objects that can be converted to " +"integers only with a loss (e.g. that have the :meth:`~object.__int__` method" +" but do not have the :meth:`~object.__index__` method)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22934 +msgid "" +":issue:`29882`: Add :meth:`int.bit_count`, counting the number of ones in " +"the binary representation of an integer. Patch by Niklas Fiekas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22937 +msgid "" +":issue:`36982`: Use ncurses extended color functions when available to " +"support terminals with 256 colors, and add the new function " +":func:`curses.has_extended_color_support` to indicate whether extended color" +" support is provided by the underlying ncurses library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22942 +msgid "" +":issue:`19569`: Add the private macros ``_Py_COMP_DIAG_PUSH``, " +"``_Py_COMP_DIAG_IGNORE_DEPR_DECLS``, and ``_Py_COMP_DIAG_POP``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22945 +msgid "" +":issue:`26680`: The int type now supports the x.is_integer() method for " +"compatibility with float." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22951 +msgid "" +":issue:`41900`: C14N 2.0 serialisation in xml.etree.ElementTree failed for " +"unprefixed attributes when a default namespace was defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22954 +msgid "" +":issue:`41887`: Strip leading spaces and tabs on :func:`ast.literal_eval`. " +"Also document stripping of spaces and tabs for :func:`eval`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22957 +msgid "" +":issue:`41773`: Note in documentation that :func:`random.choices` doesn't " +"support non-finite weights, raise :exc:`ValueError` when given non-finite " +"weights." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22961 +msgid "" +":issue:`41840`: Fix a bug in the :mod:`symtable` module that was causing " +"module-scope global variables to not be reported as both local and global. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22965 +msgid "" +":issue:`41842`: Add :func:`codecs.unregister` function to unregister a codec" +" search function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22968 +msgid "" +":issue:`40564`: In ``zipfile.Path``, mutate the passed ZipFile object type " +"instead of making a copy. Prevents issues when both the local copy and the " +"caller’s copy attempt to close the same file handle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22972 +msgid "" +":issue:`40670`: More reliable validation of statements in " +":class:`timeit.Timer`. It now accepts \"empty\" statements (only whitespaces" +" and comments) and rejects misindentent statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22976 +msgid "" +":issue:`41833`: The :class:`threading.Thread` constructor now uses the " +"target name if the *target* argument is specified but the *name* argument is" +" omitted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22980 +msgid "" +":issue:`41817`: fix ``tkinter.EventType`` Enum so all members are strings, " +"and none are tuples" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22983 +msgid "" +":issue:`41810`: :data:`types.EllipsisType`, :data:`types.NotImplementedType`" +" and :data:`types.NoneType` have been reintroduced, providing a new set of " +"types readily interpretable by static type checkers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22987 +msgid "" +":issue:`41815`: Fix SQLite3 segfault when backing up closed database. Patch " +"contributed by Peter David McCormick." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22990 +msgid "" +":issue:`41816`: StrEnum added: it ensures that all members are already " +"strings or string candidates" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22993 +msgid "" +":issue:`41517`: fix bug allowing Enums to be extended via multiple " +"inheritance" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22995 +msgid "" +":issue:`39587`: use the correct mix-in data type when constructing Enums" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:22997 +msgid "" +":issue:`41792`: Add is_typeddict function to typing.py to check if a type is" +" a TypedDict class" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23000 +msgid "" +"Previously there was no way to check that without using private API. See the" +" `relevant issue in python/typing " +"`_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23004 +msgid "" +":issue:`41789`: Honor ``object`` overrides in ``Enum`` class creation " +"(specifically, ``__str__``, ``__repr__``, ``__format__``, and " +"``__reduce_ex__``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23008 +msgid "" +":issue:`32218`: ``enum.Flag`` and ``enum.IntFlag`` members are now iterable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23010 +msgid "" +":issue:`39651`: Fix a race condition in the ``call_soon_threadsafe()`` " +"method of ``asyncio.ProactorEventLoop``: do nothing if the self-pipe socket " +"has been closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23014 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the ``mashal`` extension module to the multi-phase " +"initialization API (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23017 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port the ``_string`` extension module to the multi-phase " +"initialization API (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23020 +msgid ":issue:`41732`: Added an :term:`iterator` to :class:`memoryview`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23022 +msgid "" +":issue:`41720`: Fixed :meth:`turtle.Vec2D.__rmul__` for arguments which are " +"not int or float." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23025 +msgid "" +":issue:`41696`: Fix handling of debug mode in :func:`asyncio.run`. This " +"allows setting ``PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG`` or ``-X dev`` to enable asyncio debug " +"mode when using :func:`asyncio.run`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23029 +msgid "" +":issue:`41687`: Fix implementation of sendfile to be compatible with " +"Solaris." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23031 +msgid "" +":issue:`41662`: No longer override exceptions raised in ``__len__()`` of a " +"sequence of parameters in :mod:`sqlite3` with " +":exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23035 +msgid "" +":issue:`39010`: Restarting a ``ProactorEventLoop`` on Windows no longer logs" +" spurious ``ConnectionResetErrors``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23038 +msgid "" +":issue:`41638`: :exc:`~sqlite3.ProgrammingError` message for absent " +"parameter in :mod:`sqlite3` contains now the name of the parameter instead " +"of its index when parameters are supplied as a dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23042 +msgid "" +":issue:`41662`: Fixed crash when mutate list of parameters during iteration " +"in :mod:`sqlite3`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23045 +msgid "" +":issue:`41513`: Improved the accuracy of math.hypot(). Internally, each " +"step is computed with extra precision so that the result is now almost " +"always correctly rounded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23049 +msgid "" +":issue:`41609`: The pdb whatis command correctly reports instance methods as" +" 'Method' rather than 'Function'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23052 +msgid "" +":issue:`39994`: Fixed pprint's handling of dict subclasses that override " +"__repr__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23055 +msgid "" +":issue:`32751`: When cancelling the task due to a timeout, " +":meth:`asyncio.wait_for` will now wait until the cancellation is complete " +"also in the case when *timeout* is <= 0, like it does with positive " +"timeouts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23060 +msgid "" +":issue:`37658`: :meth:`asyncio.wait_for` now properly handles races between " +"cancellation of itself and the completion of the wrapped awaitable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23063 +msgid "" +":issue:`40782`: Change the method asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_in_executor " +"to not be a coroutine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23066 +msgid "" +":issue:`41520`: Fix :mod:`codeop` regression that prevented turning compile " +"warnings into errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23069 +msgid "" +":issue:`41528`: turtle uses math module functions to convert degrees to " +"radians and vice versa and to calculate vector norm" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23072 +msgid "" +":issue:`41513`: Minor algorithmic improvement to math.hypot() and " +"math.dist() giving small gains in speed and accuracy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23075 +msgid "" +":issue:`41503`: Fixed a race between setTarget and flush in " +"logging.handlers.MemoryHandler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23078 +msgid ":issue:`41497`: Fix potential UnicodeDecodeError in dis module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23080 +msgid "" +":issue:`41467`: On Windows, fix asyncio ``recv_into()`` return value when " +"the socket/pipe is closed (:exc:`BrokenPipeError`): return ``0`` rather than" +" an empty byte string (``b''``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23084 +msgid ":issue:`41425`: Make tkinter doc example runnable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23086 +msgid "" +":issue:`41421`: Make an algebraic simplification to random.paretovariate()." +" It now is slightly less subject to round-off error and is slightly faster." +" Inputs that used to cause ZeroDivisionError now cause an OverflowError " +"instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23091 +msgid ":issue:`41440`: Add :func:`os.cpu_count` support for VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23093 +msgid "" +":issue:`41316`: Fix the :mod:`tarfile` module to write only basename of TAR " +"file to GZIP compression header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23096 +msgid "" +":issue:`41384`: Raise TclError instead of TypeError when an unknown option " +"is passed to tkinter.OptionMenu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23099 +msgid "" +":issue:`41317`: Use add_done_callback() in asyncio.loop.sock_accept() to " +"unsubscribe reader early on cancellation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23102 +msgid ":issue:`41364`: Reduce import overhead of :mod:`uuid`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23104 +msgid "" +":issue:`35328`: Set the environment variable ``VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT`` at " +":mod:`venv` activation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23107 +msgid "" +":issue:`41341`: Recursive evaluation of ``typing.ForwardRef`` in " +"``get_type_hints``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23110 +msgid "" +":issue:`41344`: Prevent creating :class:`shared_memory.SharedMemory` objects" +" with :code:`size=0`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23113 +msgid "" +":issue:`41333`: :meth:`collections.OrderedDict.pop` is now 2 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23115 +msgid "" +":issue:`41288`: Unpickling invalid NEWOBJ_EX opcode with the C " +"implementation raises now UnpicklingError instead of crashing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23118 +msgid "" +":issue:`39017`: Avoid infinite loop when reading specially crafted TAR files" +" using the tarfile module (:cve:`2019-20907`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23121 +msgid "" +":issue:`41273`: Speed up any transport using ``_ProactorReadPipeTransport`` " +"by calling ``recv_into`` instead of ``recv``, thus not creating a new buffer" +" for each ``recv`` call in the transport's read loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23125 +msgid "" +":issue:`41235`: Fix the error handling in " +":meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_dh_params`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23128 +msgid "" +":issue:`41207`: In distutils.spawn, restore expectation that " +"DistutilsExecError is raised when the command is not found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23131 +msgid "" +":issue:`29727`: Register :class:`array.array` as a " +":class:`~collections.abc.MutableSequence`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23134 +msgid "" +":issue:`39168`: Remove the ``__new__`` method of :class:`typing.Generic`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23136 +msgid "" +":issue:`41194`: Fix a crash in the ``_ast`` module: it can no longer be " +"loaded more than once. It now uses a global state rather than a module " +"state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23139 +msgid "" +":issue:`41195`: Add read-only ssl.SSLContext.security_level attribute to " +"retrieve the context's security level." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23142 +msgid "" +":issue:`41193`: The ``write_history()`` atexit function of the readline " +"completer now ignores any :exc:`OSError` to ignore error if the filesystem " +"is read-only, instead of only ignoring :exc:`FileNotFoundError` and " +":exc:`PermissionError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23147 +msgid "" +":issue:`41182`: selector: use DefaultSelector based upon implementation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23149 +msgid "" +":issue:`41161`: The decimal module now requires libmpdec-2.5.0. Users of " +"--with-system-libmpdec should update their system library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23152 +msgid ":issue:`40874`: The decimal module now requires libmpdec-2.5.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23154 +msgid "" +":issue:`41138`: Fixed the :mod:`trace` module CLI for Python source files " +"with non-UTF-8 encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23157 +msgid "" +":issue:`31082`: Use the term \"iterable\" in the docstring for " +":func:`functools.reduce`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23160 +msgid ":issue:`40521`: Remove freelist from collections.deque()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23162 +msgid "" +":issue:`31938`: Fix default-value signatures of several functions in the " +":mod:`select` module - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23165 +msgid "" +":issue:`41068`: Fixed reading files with non-ASCII names from ZIP archive " +"directly after writing them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23168 +msgid "" +":issue:`41058`: :func:`pdb.find_function` now correctly determines the " +"source file encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23171 +msgid "" +":issue:`41056`: Invalid file descriptor values are now prevented from being " +"passed to os.fpathconf. (discovered by Coverity)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23174 +msgid "" +":issue:`41056`: Fix a NULL pointer dereference within the ssl module during " +"a MemoryError in the keylog callback. (discovered by Coverity)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23177 +msgid "" +":issue:`41056`: Fixed an instance where a MemoryError within the zoneinfo " +"module might not be reported or not reported at its source. (found by " +"Coverity)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23181 +msgid "" +":issue:`41048`: :func:`mimetypes.read_mime_types` function reads the rule " +"file using UTF-8 encoding, not the locale encoding. Patch by Srinivas Reddy " +"Thatiparthy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23185 +msgid "" +":issue:`41043`: Fixed the use of :func:`~glob.glob` in the stdlib: literal " +"part of the path is now always correctly escaped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23188 +msgid "" +":issue:`41025`: Fixed an issue preventing the C implementation of " +":class:`zoneinfo.ZoneInfo` from being subclassed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23191 +msgid "" +":issue:`35018`: Add the :class:`xml.sax.handler.LexicalHandler` class that " +"is present in other SAX XML implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23194 +msgid "" +":issue:`41002`: Improve performance of HTTPResponse.read with a given " +"amount. Patch by Bruce Merry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23197 +msgid "" +":issue:`40448`: :mod:`ensurepip` now disables the use of ``pip`` cache when " +"installing the bundled versions of ``pip`` and ``setuptools``. Patch by " +"Krzysztof Konopko." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23201 +msgid "" +":issue:`40967`: Removed :meth:`!asyncio.Task.current_task` and " +":meth:`!asyncio.Task.all_tasks`. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23204 +msgid "" +":issue:`40924`: Ensure ``importlib.resources.path`` returns an extant path " +"for the SourceFileLoader's resource reader. Avoids the regression identified" +" in master while a long-term solution is devised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23208 +msgid "" +":issue:`40955`: Fix a minor memory leak in :mod:`subprocess` module when " +"extra_groups was specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23211 +msgid "" +":issue:`40855`: The standard deviation and variance functions in the " +"statistics module were ignoring their mu and xbar arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23214 +msgid "" +":issue:`40939`: Use the new PEG parser when generating the stdlib " +":mod:`keyword` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23217 +msgid "" +":issue:`23427`: Add :data:`sys.orig_argv` attribute: the list of the " +"original command line arguments passed to the Python executable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23220 +msgid "" +":issue:`33689`: Ignore empty or whitespace-only lines in .pth files. This " +"matches the documentated behavior. Before, empty lines caused the site-" +"packages dir to appear multiple times in sys.path. By Ido Michael, " +"contributors Malcolm Smith and Tal Einat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23225 +msgid "" +":issue:`40884`: Added a ``defaults`` parameter to " +":class:`logging.Formatter`, to allow specifying default values for custom " +"fields. Patch by Asaf Alon and Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23229 +msgid ":issue:`40876`: Clarify error message in the :mod:`csv` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23231 +msgid "" +":issue:`39791`: Refresh importlib.metadata from importlib_metadata 1.6.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23233 +msgid "" +":issue:`40807`: Stop codeop._maybe_compile, used by " +"code.InteractiveInterpreter (and IDLE). from emitting each warning three " +"times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23236 +msgid "" +":issue:`32604`: Fix reference leak in the :mod:`select` module when the " +"module is imported in a subinterpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23239 +msgid "" +":issue:`39791`: Built-in loaders (SourceFileLoader and ZipImporter) now " +"supply ``TraversableResources`` implementations for ``ResourceReader``, and " +"the fallback function has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23243 +msgid "" +":issue:`39314`: :class:`rlcompleter.Completer` and the standard Python shell" +" now close the parenthesis for functions that take no arguments. Patch " +"contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23247 +msgid "" +":issue:`17005`: The topological sort functionality that was introduced " +"initially in the :mod:`functools` module has been moved to a new " +":mod:`graphlib` module to better accommodate the new tools and keep the " +"original scope of the :mod:`functools` module. Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23252 +msgid "" +":issue:`40834`: Fix truncate when sending str object " +"with_xxsubinterpreters.channel_send." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23255 +msgid ":issue:`40755`: Add rich comparisons to collections.Counter()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23257 +msgid "" +":issue:`26407`: Unexpected errors in calling the ``__iter__`` method are no " +"longer masked by ``TypeError`` in :func:`csv.reader`, " +":func:`csv.writer.writerow` and :meth:`csv.writer.writerows`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23261 +msgid "" +":issue:`39384`: Fixed email.contentmanager to allow set_content() to set a " +"null string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23264 +msgid "" +":issue:`40744`: The :mod:`sqlite3` module uses SQLite API functions that " +"require SQLite v3.7.3 or higher. This patch removes support for older " +"SQLite versions, and explicitly requires SQLite 3.7.3 both at build, compile" +" and runtime. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev and Erlend E. Aasland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23269 +msgid "" +":issue:`40777`: Initialize PyDateTime_IsoCalendarDateType.tp_base at run-" +"time to avoid errors on some compilers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23272 +msgid "" +":issue:`38488`: Update ensurepip to install pip 20.1.1 and setuptools " +"47.1.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23274 +msgid "" +":issue:`40792`: The result of :func:`operator.index` now always has exact " +"type :class:`int`. Previously, the result could have been an instance of a " +"subclass of ``int``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23278 +msgid "" +":issue:`40767`: :mod:`webbrowser` now properly finds the default browser in " +"pure Wayland systems by checking the WAYLAND_DISPLAY environment variable. " +"Patch contributed by Jérémy Attali." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23282 +msgid "" +":issue:`40791`: :func:`hashlib.compare_digest` uses OpenSSL's " +"``CRYPTO_memcmp()`` function when OpenSSL is available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23285 +msgid "" +":issue:`40795`: :mod:`ctypes` module: If ctypes fails to convert the result " +"of a callback or if a ctypes callback function raises an exception, " +"sys.unraisablehook is now called with an exception set. Previously, the " +"error was logged into stderr by :c:func:`PyErr_Print`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23290 +msgid "" +":issue:`16995`: Add :func:`base64.b32hexencode` and " +":func:`base64.b32hexdecode` to support the Base32 Encoding with Extended Hex" +" Alphabet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23293 +msgid "" +":issue:`30008`: Fix :mod:`ssl` code to be compatible with OpenSSL 1.1.x " +"builds that use ``no-deprecated`` and ``--api=1.1.0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23296 +msgid ":issue:`30064`: Fix asyncio ``loop.sock_*`` race condition issue" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23298 +msgid ":issue:`40759`: Deprecate the :mod:`symbol` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23300 +msgid "" +":issue:`40756`: The second argument (extra) of ``LoggerAdapter.__init__`` " +"now defaults to None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23303 +msgid "" +":issue:`37129`: Add a new :const:`os.RWF_APPEND` flag for " +":func:`os.pwritev`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23305 +msgid "" +":issue:`40737`: Fix possible reference leak for :mod:`sqlite3` " +"initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23307 +msgid "" +":issue:`40726`: Handle cases where the ``end_lineno`` is ``None`` on " +":func:`ast.increment_lineno`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23310 +msgid "" +":issue:`40698`: ``distutils`` upload creates SHA2-256 and Blake2b-256 " +"digests. MD5 digests is skipped if platform blocks MD5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23313 +msgid "" +":issue:`40695`: :mod:`hashlib` no longer falls back to builtin hash " +"implementations when OpenSSL provides a hash digest and the algorithm is " +"blocked by security policy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23317 +msgid "" +":issue:`9216`: :func:`hashlib.new` passed ``usedforsecurity`` to OpenSSL EVP" +" constructor ``_hashlib.new()``. test_hashlib and test_smtplib handle strict" +" security policy better." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23321 +msgid "" +":issue:`40614`: :func:`ast.parse` will not parse self documenting " +"expressions in f-strings when passed ``feature_version`` is less than ``(3, " +"8)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23324 +msgid "" +":issue:`40626`: Add h5 file extension as MIME Type application/x-hdf5, as " +"per HDF Group recommendation for HDF5 formatted data files. Patch " +"contributed by Mark Schwab." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23328 +msgid "" +":issue:`25920`: On macOS, when building Python for macOS 10.4 and older, " +"which wasn't the case for python.org macOS installer, " +":func:`socket.getaddrinfo` no longer uses an internal lock to prevent race " +"conditions when calling ``getaddrinfo()`` which is thread-safe since macOS " +"10.5. Python 3.9 requires macOS 10.6 or newer. The internal lock caused " +"random hang on fork when another thread was calling " +":func:`socket.getaddrinfo`. The lock was also used on FreeBSD older than " +"5.3, OpenBSD older than 201311 and NetBSD older than 4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23337 +msgid "" +":issue:`40671`: Prepare ``_hashlib`` for :pep:`489` and use " +":c:func:`PyModule_AddType`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23340 +msgid "" +":issue:`32309`: Added a new :term:`coroutine` :func:`asyncio.to_thread`. It " +"is mainly used for running IO-bound functions in a separate thread to avoid " +"blocking the event loop, and essentially works as a high-level version of " +":meth:`~asyncio.loop.run_in_executor` that can directly take keyword " +"arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23346 +msgid "" +":issue:`36543`: Restored the deprecated :mod:`xml.etree.cElementTree` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23348 +msgid "" +":issue:`40611`: :const:`~mmap.MAP_POPULATE` constant has now been added to " +"the list of exported :mod:`mmap` module flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23351 +msgid "" +":issue:`39881`: PEP 554 for use in the test suite. (Patch By Joannah " +"Nanjekye)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23353 +msgid "" +":issue:`13097`: ``ctypes`` now raises an ``ArgumentError`` when a callback " +"is invoked with more than 1024 arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23356 +msgid "" +":issue:`39385`: A new test assertion context-manager, " +":func:`unittest.assertNoLogs` will ensure a given block of code emits no log" +" messages using the logging module. Contributed by Kit Yan Choi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23360 +msgid "" +":issue:`23082`: Updated the error message and docs of PurePath.relative_to()" +" to better reflect the function behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23363 +msgid ":issue:`40318`: Use SQLite3 trace v2 API, if it is available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23365 +msgid "" +":issue:`40105`: ZipFile truncates files to avoid corruption when a shorter " +"comment is provided in append (\"a\") mode. Patch by Jan Mazur." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23368 +msgid "" +":issue:`40084`: Fix ``Enum.__dir__``: dir(Enum.member) now includes " +"attributes as well as methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23371 +msgid "" +":issue:`31122`: ssl.wrap_socket() now raises ssl.SSLEOFError rather than " +"OSError when peer closes connection during TLS negotiation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23374 +msgid "" +":issue:`39728`: fix default ``_missing_`` so a duplicate ``ValueError`` is " +"not set as the ``__context__`` of the original ``ValueError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23377 +msgid "" +":issue:`39244`: Fixed :class:`multiprocessing.context.get_all_start_methods`" +" to properly return the default method first on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23380 +msgid "" +":issue:`39040`: Fix parsing of invalid mime headers parameters by collapsing" +" whitespace between encoded words in a bare-quote-string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23383 +msgid "" +":issue:`38731`: Add ``--quiet`` option to command-line interface of " +":mod:`py_compile`. Patch by Gregory Schevchenko." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23386 +msgid "" +":issue:`35714`: :exc:`struct.error` is now raised if there is a null " +"character in a :mod:`struct` format string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23389 +msgid "" +":issue:`38144`: Added the *root_dir* and *dir_fd* parameters in " +":func:`glob.glob`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23392 +msgid "" +":issue:`26543`: Fix :meth:`IMAP4.noop` when debug mode is enabled (ex: " +"``imaplib.Debug = 3``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23395 +msgid "" +":issue:`12178`: :func:`csv.writer` now correctly escapes *escapechar* when " +"input contains *escapechar*. Patch by Catalin Iacob, Berker Peksag, and " +"Itay Elbirt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23399 +msgid "" +":issue:`36290`: AST nodes are now raising :exc:`TypeError` on conflicting " +"keyword arguments. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23402 +msgid ":issue:`33944`: Added site.py site-packages tracing in verbose mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23404 +msgid "" +":issue:`35078`: Refactor formatweekday, formatmonthname methods in " +"LocaleHTMLCalendar and LocaleTextCalendar classes in calendar module to call" +" the base class methods.This enables customizable CSS classes for " +"LocaleHTMLCalendar. Patch by Srinivas Reddy Thatiparthy" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23409 +msgid "" +":issue:`29620`: :func:`~unittest.TestCase.assertWarns` no longer raises a " +"``RuntimeException`` when accessing a module's ``__warningregistry__`` " +"causes importation of a new module, or when a new module is imported in " +"another thread. Patch by Kernc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23414 +msgid "" +":issue:`31844`: Remove ``ParserBase.error()`` method from the private and " +"undocumented ``_markupbase`` module. :class:`html.parser.HTMLParser` is the" +" only subclass of ``ParserBase`` and its ``error()`` implementation was " +"deprecated in Python 3.4 and removed in Python 3.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23419 +msgid "" +":issue:`34226`: Fix ``cgi.parse_multipart`` without content_length. Patch by" +" Roger Duran" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23422 +msgid "" +":issue:`33660`: Fix pathlib.PosixPath to resolve a relative path located on " +"the root directory properly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23425 +msgid "" +":issue:`28557`: Improve the error message for a misbehaving " +"``rawio.readinto``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23427 +msgid "" +":issue:`26680`: The d.is_integer() method is added to the Decimal type, for " +"compatibility with other number types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23430 +msgid "" +":issue:`26680`: The x.is_integer() method is incorporated into the abstract " +"types of the numeric tower, Real, Rational and Integral, with appropriate " +"default implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23437 +msgid "" +":issue:`41428`: Add documentation for :pep:`604` (Allow writing union types " +"as ``X | Y``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23440 +msgid "" +":issue:`41774`: In Programming FAQ \"Sequences (Tuples/Lists)\" section, add" +" \"How do you remove multiple items from a list\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23443 +msgid "" +":issue:`35293`: Fix RemovedInSphinx40Warning when building the " +"documentation. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23446 +msgid "" +":issue:`37149`: Change Shipman tkinter doc link from archive.org to TkDocs. " +"(The doc has been removed from the NMT server.) The new link responds much " +"faster and includes a short explanatory note." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23450 +msgid "" +":issue:`41726`: Update the refcounts info of ``PyType_FromModuleAndSpec``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23452 +msgid ":issue:`41624`: Fix the signature of :class:`typing.Coroutine`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23454 +msgid "" +":issue:`40204`: Enable Sphinx 3.2 ``c_allow_pre_v3`` option and disable " +"``c_warn_on_allowed_pre_v3`` option to make the documentation compatible " +"with Sphinx 2 and Sphinx 3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23458 +msgid ":issue:`41045`: Add documentation for debug feature of f-strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23460 +msgid "" +":issue:`41314`: Changed the release when ``from __future__ import " +"annotations`` becomes the default from ``4.0`` to ``3.10`` (following a " +"change in PEP 563)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23464 +msgid "" +":issue:`40979`: Refactored typing.rst, arranging more than 70 classes, " +"functions, and decorators into new sub-sections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23467 +msgid "" +":issue:`40552`: Fix in tutorial section 4.2. Code snippet is now correct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23469 +msgid "" +":issue:`39883`: Make code, examples, and recipes in the Python documentation" +" be licensed under the more permissive BSD0 license in addition to the " +"existing Python 2.0 license." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23473 +msgid "" +":issue:`37703`: Updated Documentation to comprehensively elaborate on the " +"behaviour of gather.cancel()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23479 +msgid "" +":issue:`41939`: Fix test_site.test_license_exists_at_url(): call " +"``urllib.request.urlcleanup()`` to reset the global " +"``urllib.request._opener``. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23483 +msgid ":issue:`41731`: Make test_cmd_line_script pass with option '-vv'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23485 +msgid ":issue:`41602`: Add tests for SIGINT handling in the runpy module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23487 +msgid "" +":issue:`41521`: :mod:`test.support`: Rename ``blacklist`` parameter of " +":func:`~test.support.check__all__` to ``not_exported``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23490 +msgid ":issue:`41477`: Make ctypes optional in test_genericalias." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23492 +msgid "" +":issue:`41085`: Fix integer overflow in the :meth:`array.array.index` method" +" on 64-bit Windows for index larger than ``2**31``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23495 +msgid "" +":issue:`41069`: :data:`test.support.TESTFN` and the current directory for " +"tests when run via ``test.regrtest`` contain now non-ascii characters if " +"possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23499 +msgid "" +":issue:`38377`: On Linux, skip tests using multiprocessing if the current " +"user cannot create a file in ``/dev/shm/`` directory. Add the " +":func:`~test.support.skip_if_broken_multiprocessing_synchronize` function to" +" the :mod:`test.support` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23504 +msgid "" +":issue:`41009`: Fix use of ``support.require_{linux|mac|freebsd}_version()``" +" decorators as class decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23507 +msgid "" +":issue:`41003`: Fix ``test_copyreg`` when ``numpy`` is installed: " +"``test.pickletester`` now saves/restores warnings filters when importing " +"``numpy``, to ignore filters installed by ``numpy``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23511 +msgid "" +":issue:`40964`: Disable remote :mod:`imaplib` tests, host " +"cyrus.andrew.cmu.edu is blocking incoming connections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23514 +msgid "" +":issue:`40927`: Fix test_binhex when run twice: it now uses " +"import_fresh_module() to ensure that it raises DeprecationWarning each time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23518 +msgid "" +":issue:`17258`: Skip some :mod:`multiprocessing` tests when MD5 hash digest " +"is blocked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23521 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Increase LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT to 10 for VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23523 +msgid "" +":issue:`38169`: Increase code coverage for SharedMemory and ShareableList" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23525 +msgid "" +":issue:`34401`: Make test_gdb properly run on HP-UX. Patch by Michael " +"Osipov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23530 +msgid "" +":issue:`38249`: Update :c:macro:`Py_UNREACHABLE` to use " +"__builtin_unreachable() if only the compiler is able to use it. Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23533 +msgid "" +":issue:`41617`: Fix ``pycore_bitutils.h`` header file to support old clang " +"versions: ``__builtin_bswap16()`` is not available in LLVM clang 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23536 +msgid ":issue:`40204`: Pin Sphinx version to 2.3.1 in ``Doc/Makefile``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23538 +msgid "" +":issue:`36020`: The C99 functions :c:func:`snprintf` and :c:func:`vsnprintf`" +" are now required to build Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23541 +msgid "" +":issue:`40684`: ``make install`` now uses the ``PLATLIBDIR`` variable for " +"the destination ``lib-dynload/`` directory when ``./configure --with-" +"platlibdir`` is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23545 +msgid "" +":issue:`40683`: Fixed an issue where the :mod:`zoneinfo` module and its " +"tests were not included when Python is installed with ``make``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23551 +msgid "" +":issue:`41744`: Fixes automatic import of props file when using the Nuget " +"package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23554 +msgid "" +":issue:`41627`: The user site directory for 32-bit now includes a ``-32`` " +"suffix to distinguish it from the 64-bit interpreter's directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23557 +msgid "" +":issue:`41526`: Fixed layout of final page of the installer by removing the " +"special thanks to Mark Hammond (with his permission)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23560 +msgid ":issue:`41492`: Fixes the description that appears in UAC prompts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23562 +msgid "" +":issue:`40948`: Improve post-install message to direct people to the \"py\" " +"command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23565 +msgid "" +":issue:`41412`: The installer will now fail to install on Windows 7 and " +"Windows 8. Further, the UCRT dependency is now always downloaded on demand." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23568 +msgid ":issue:`40741`: Update Windows release to include SQLite 3.32.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23570 +msgid "" +":issue:`41142`: :mod:`!msilib` now supports creating CAB files with non-" +"ASCII file path and adding files with non-ASCII file path to them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23573 +msgid "" +":issue:`41074`: Fixed support of non-ASCII names in functions " +":func:`!msilib.OpenDatabase` and :func:`!msilib.init_database` and non-ASCII" +" SQL in method :meth:`!msilib.Database.OpenView`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23577 +msgid "" +":issue:`41039`: Stable ABI redirection DLL (python3.dll) now uses ``#pragma " +"comment(linker)`` for re-exporting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23580 +msgid ":issue:`40164`: Updates Windows OpenSSL to 1.1.1g" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23582 +msgid "" +":issue:`39631`: Changes the registered MIME type for ``.py`` files on " +"Windows to ``text/x-python`` instead of ``text/plain``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23585 +msgid "" +":issue:`40677`: Manually define IO_REPARSE_TAG_APPEXECLINK in case some old " +"Windows SDK doesn't have it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23588 +msgid "" +":issue:`37556`: Extend py.exe help to mention overrides via venv, shebang, " +"environmental variables & ini files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23594 +msgid ":issue:`41557`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.33.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23596 +msgid "" +":issue:`39580`: Avoid opening Finder window if running installer from the " +"command line. Patch contributed by Rick Heil." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23599 +msgid "" +":issue:`41100`: Fix configure error when building on macOS 11. Note that the" +" current Python release was released shortly after the first developer " +"preview of macOS 11 (Big Sur); there are other known issues with building " +"and running on the developer preview. Big Sur is expected to be fully " +"supported in a future bugfix release of Python 3.8.x and with 3.9.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23605 +msgid ":issue:`40741`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.32.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23607 +msgid "" +":issue:`41005`: fixed an XDG settings issue not allowing macos to open " +"browser in webbrowser.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23610 +msgid ":issue:`40741`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.32.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23615 +msgid ":issue:`41775`: Use 'IDLE Shell' as shell title" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23617 +msgid ":issue:`35764`: Rewrite the Calltips doc section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23619 +msgid "" +":issue:`40181`: In calltips, stop reminding that '/' marks the end of " +"positional-only arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23622 +msgid "" +":issue:`41468`: Improve IDLE run crash error message (which users should " +"never see)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23625 +msgid "" +":issue:`41373`: Save files loaded with no line ending, as when blank, or " +"different line endings, by setting its line ending to the system default. " +"Fix regression in 3.8.4 and 3.9.0b4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23629 +msgid "" +":issue:`41300`: Save files with non-ascii chars. Fix regression released in " +"3.9.0b4 and 3.8.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23632 +msgid "" +":issue:`37765`: Add keywords to module name completion list. Rewrite " +"Completions section of IDLE doc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23635 +msgid "" +":issue:`41152`: The encoding of ``stdin``, ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` in IDLE" +" is now always UTF-8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23638 +msgid "" +":issue:`41144`: Make Open Module open a special module such as os.path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23640 +msgid "" +":issue:`39885`: Make context menu Cut and Copy work again when right-" +"clicking within a selection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23643 +msgid ":issue:`40723`: Make test_idle pass when run after import." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23648 +msgid "" +":issue:`41936`: Removed undocumented macros ``Py_ALLOW_RECURSION`` and " +"``Py_END_ALLOW_RECURSION`` and the ``recursion_critical`` field of the " +":c:type:`PyInterpreterState` structure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23652 +msgid "" +":issue:`41692`: The ``PyUnicode_InternImmortal()`` function is now " +"deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.12: use " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace` instead. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23656 +msgid "" +":issue:`41842`: Add :c:func:`PyCodec_Unregister` function to unregister a " +"codec search function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23659 +msgid "" +":issue:`41834`: Remove the ``_Py_CheckRecursionLimit`` variable: it has been" +" replaced by ``ceval.recursion_limit`` of the :c:type:`PyInterpreterState` " +"structure. Patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23663 +msgid "" +":issue:`41689`: Types created with :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` now make any " +"signature in their ``tp_doc`` slot accessible from ``__text_signature__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23666 +msgid "" +":issue:`41524`: Fix bug in PyOS_mystrnicmp and PyOS_mystricmp that " +"incremented pointers beyond the end of a string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23669 +msgid "" +":issue:`41324`: Add a minimal decimal capsule API. The API supports fast " +"conversions between Decimals up to 38 digits and their triple representation" +" as a C struct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23673 +msgid "" +":issue:`30155`: Add :c:func:`PyDateTime_DATE_GET_TZINFO` and " +":c:func:`PyDateTime_TIME_GET_TZINFO` macros for accessing the ``tzinfo`` " +"attributes of :class:`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.time` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23678 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Revert :c:func:`PyType_HasFeature` change: it reads again " +"directly the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_flags` member when the limited C API" +" is not used, rather than always calling :c:func:`PyType_GetFlags` which " +"hides implementation details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23683 +msgid ":issue:`41123`: Remove ``PyUnicode_AsUnicodeCopy``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23685 +msgid ":issue:`41123`: Removed ``PyLong_FromUnicode()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23687 +msgid ":issue:`41123`: Removed ``PyUnicode_GetMax()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23689 +msgid "" +":issue:`41123`: Removed ``Py_UNICODE_str*`` functions manipulating " +"``Py_UNICODE*`` strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23692 +msgid "" +":issue:`41103`: ``PyObject_AsCharBuffer()``, ``PyObject_AsReadBuffer()``, " +"``PyObject_CheckReadBuffer()``, and ``PyObject_AsWriteBuffer()`` are " +"removed. Please migrate to new buffer protocol; :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`" +" and :c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23697 +msgid "" +":issue:`36346`: Raises DeprecationWarning for ``PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, " +"size)`` and ``PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)`` with ``size > 0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23700 +msgid "" +":issue:`36346`: Mark ``Py_UNICODE_COPY``, ``Py_UNICODE_FILL``, " +"``PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH``, ``PyUnicode_FromUnicode``, " +"``PyUnicode_AsUnicode``, and ``PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize`` as deprecated in" +" C. Remove ``Py_UNICODE_MATCH`` which was deprecated and broken since Python" +" 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23706 +msgid "" +":issue:`40989`: The :c:func:`PyObject_INIT` and :c:func:`PyObject_INIT_VAR` " +"macros become aliases to, respectively, :c:func:`PyObject_Init` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_InitVar` functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23710 +msgid "" +":issue:`36020`: On Windows, ``#include \"pyerrors.h\"`` no longer defines " +"``snprintf`` and ``vsnprintf`` macros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23713 +msgid "" +":issue:`40943`: The ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` macro must now be defined to use " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` and :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` formats which use " +"``#``: ``es#``, ``et#``, ``s#``, ``u#``, ``y#``, ``z#``, ``U#`` and ``Z#``. " +"See :ref:`Parsing arguments and building values ` and the " +":pep:`353`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23719 +msgid "" +":issue:`40910`: Export explicitly the :c:func:`Py_GetArgcArgv` function to " +"the C API and document the function. Previously, it was exported implicitly " +"which no longer works since Python is built with ``-fvisibility=hidden``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23723 +msgid ":issue:`40724`: Allow defining buffer slots in type specs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23725 +msgid "" +":issue:`40679`: Fix a ``_PyEval_EvalCode()`` crash if *qualname* argument is" +" NULL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23728 +msgid "" +":issue:`40839`: Calling :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem` without :term:`GIL` held " +"had been allowed for historical reason. It is no longer allowed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23731 +msgid "" +":issue:`40826`: :c:func:`PyOS_InterruptOccurred` now fails with a fatal " +"error if it is called with the GIL released." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23734 +msgid "" +":issue:`40792`: The result of :c:func:`PyNumber_Index` now always has exact " +"type :class:`int`. Previously, the result could have been an instance of a " +"subclass of ``int``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23738 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Convert :c:func:`Py_REFCNT` and :c:func:`Py_SIZE` macros to " +"static inline functions. They cannot be used as l-value anymore: use " +":c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT` and :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE` to set an object reference" +" count and size. This change is backward incompatible on purpose, to prepare" +" the C API for an opaque :c:type:`PyObject` structure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23744 +msgid "" +":issue:`40703`: The PyType_FromSpec*() functions no longer overwrite the " +"type's \"__module__\" attribute if it is set via \"Py_tp_members\" or " +"\"Py_tp_getset\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23747 +msgid "" +":issue:`39583`: Remove superfluous \"extern C\" declarations from " +"``Include/cpython/*.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23752 +msgid "Python 3.9.0 beta 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23754 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-05-19*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2020-05-19*" + +#: ../NEWS:23759 +msgid "" +":issue:`40501`: :mod:`uuid` no longer uses :mod:`ctypes` to load " +":file:`libuuid` or :file:`rpcrt4.dll` at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23765 +msgid "" +":issue:`40663`: Correctly generate annotations where parentheses are omitted" +" but required (e.g: ``Type[(str, int, *other))]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23768 +msgid "" +":issue:`40596`: Fixed :meth:`str.isidentifier` for non-canonicalized strings" +" containing non-BMP characters on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23771 +msgid "" +":issue:`40593`: Improved syntax errors for invalid characters in source " +"code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23773 +msgid "" +":issue:`40585`: Fixed a bug when using :func:`codeop.compile_command` that " +"was causing exceptions to be swallowed with the new parser. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23777 +msgid ":issue:`40566`: Apply :pep:`573` to :mod:`abc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23779 +msgid "" +":issue:`40502`: Initialize ``n->n_col_offset``. (Patch by Joannah Nanjekye)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23781 +msgid "" +":issue:`40527`: Fix command line argument parsing: no longer write errors " +"multiple times into stderr." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23784 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`errno` to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23786 +msgid "" +":issue:`40523`: Add pass-throughs for :func:`hash` and :func:`reversed` to " +":class:`weakref.proxy` objects. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23789 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`syslog` to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23791 +msgid "" +":issue:`40246`: Reporting a specialised error message for invalid string " +"prefixes, which was introduced in :issue:`40246`, is being reverted due to " +"backwards compatibility concerns for strings that immediately follow a " +"reserved keyword without whitespace between them. Constructs like " +"``bg=\"#d00\" if clear else\"#fca\"`` were failing to parse, which is not an" +" acceptable breakage on such short notice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23798 +msgid "" +":issue:`40417`: Fix imp module deprecation warning when " +"PyImport_ReloadModule is called. Patch by Robert Rouhani." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23801 +msgid "" +":issue:`40408`: Fixed support of nested type variables in GenericAlias (e.g." +" ``list[list[T]]``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23804 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _stat module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23806 +msgid "" +":issue:`29587`: Enable implicit exception chaining when calling " +":meth:`generator.throw`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23809 +msgid "" +":issue:`40328`: Add tools for generating mappings headers for CJKCodecs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23811 +msgid "" +":issue:`40228`: Setting frame.f_lineno is now robust w.r.t. changes in the " +"source-to-bytecode compiler" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23814 +msgid "" +":issue:`38880`: Added the ability to list interpreters associated with " +"channel ends in the internal subinterpreters module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23817 +msgid "" +":issue:`37986`: Improve performance of :c:func:`PyLong_FromDouble` for " +"values that fit into :c:expr:`long`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23823 +msgid "" +":issue:`40662`: Fixed :func:`ast.get_source_segment` for ast nodes that have" +" incomplete location information. Patch by Irit Katriel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23826 +msgid ":issue:`40665`: Convert :mod:`bisect` to use Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23828 +msgid "" +":issue:`40536`: Added the :func:`~zoneinfo.available_timezones` function to " +"the :mod:`zoneinfo` module. Patch by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23831 +msgid "" +":issue:`40645`: The :class:`hmac.HMAC` exposes internal implementation " +"details. The attributes ``digest_cons``, ``inner``, and ``outer`` are " +"deprecated and will be removed in the future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23835 +msgid "" +":issue:`40645`: The internal module ``_hashlib`` wraps and exposes OpenSSL's" +" HMAC API. The new code will be used in Python 3.10 after the internal " +"implementation details of the pure Python HMAC module are no longer part of " +"the public API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23840 +msgid "" +":issue:`40637`: Builtin hash modules can now be disabled or selectively " +"enabled with ``configure --with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=sha3,blake1`` or " +"``--without-builtin-hashlib-hashes``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23844 +msgid "" +":issue:`37630`: The :mod:`hashlib` module can now use SHA3 hashes and SHAKE " +"XOF from OpenSSL when available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23847 +msgid "" +":issue:`40479`: The :mod:`hashlib` now compiles with OpenSSL 3.0.0-alpha2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23849 +msgid ":issue:`40257`: Revert changes to :func:`inspect.getdoc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23851 +msgid "" +":issue:`40607`: When cancelling a task due to timeout, " +":meth:`asyncio.wait_for` will now propagate the exception if an error " +"happens during cancellation. Patch by Roman Skurikhin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23855 +msgid "" +":issue:`40612`: Fix edge cases in SyntaxError formatting. If the offset is " +"<= 0, no caret is printed. If the offset is > line length, the caret is " +"printed pointing just after the last character." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23859 +msgid "" +":issue:`40597`: If text content lines are longer than " +"policy.max_line_length, always use a content-encoding to make sure they are " +"wrapped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23862 +msgid "" +":issue:`40571`: Added functools.cache() as a simpler, more discoverable way " +"to access the unbounded cache variant of lru_cache(maxsize=None)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23865 +msgid "" +":issue:`40503`: :pep:`615`, the :mod:`zoneinfo` module. Adds support for the" +" IANA time zone database." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23868 +msgid "" +":issue:`40397`: Removed attributes ``__args__`` and ``__parameters__`` from " +"special generic aliases like ``typing.List`` (not subscripted)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23871 +msgid "" +":issue:`40549`: Convert posixmodule.c (\"posix\" or \"nt\" module) to the " +"multiphase initialization (PEP 489)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23874 +msgid "" +":issue:`31033`: Add a ``msg`` argument to :meth:`Future.cancel` and " +":meth:`Task.cancel`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23877 +msgid "" +":issue:`40541`: Added an optional *counts* parameter to random.sample()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23879 +msgid "" +":issue:`40515`: The :mod:`ssl` and :mod:`hashlib` modules now actively check" +" that OpenSSL is build with thread support. Python 3.7.0 made thread support" +" mandatory and no longer works safely with a no-thread builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23883 +msgid "" +":issue:`31033`: When a :class:`asyncio.Task` is cancelled, the exception " +"traceback now chains all the way back to where the task was first " +"interrupted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23887 +msgid "" +":issue:`40504`: :func:`functools.lru_cache` objects can now be the targets " +"of weakrefs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23890 +msgid "" +":issue:`40559`: Fix possible memory leak in the C implementation of " +":class:`asyncio.Task`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23893 +msgid "" +":issue:`40480`: ``fnmatch.fnmatch()`` could take exponential time in the " +"presence of multiple ``*`` pattern characters. This was repaired by " +"generating more elaborate regular expressions to avoid futile backtracking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23898 +msgid "" +":issue:`40495`: :mod:`compileall` is now able to use hardlinks to prevent " +"duplicates in a case when ``.pyc`` files for different optimization levels " +"have the same content." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23902 +msgid "" +":issue:`40457`: The ssl module now support OpenSSL builds without TLS 1.0 " +"and 1.1 methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23905 +msgid "" +":issue:`40355`: Improve error reporting in :func:`ast.literal_eval` in the " +"presence of malformed :class:`ast.Dict` nodes instead of silently ignoring " +"any non-conforming elements. Patch by Curtis Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23909 +msgid "" +":issue:`40465`: Deprecated the optional *random* argument to " +"*random.shuffle()*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23912 +msgid "" +":issue:`40459`: :func:`platform.win32_ver` now produces correct *ptype* " +"strings instead of empty strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23915 +msgid "" +":issue:`39435`: The first argument of :func:`pickle.loads` is now " +"positional-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23918 +msgid "" +":issue:`39305`: Update :mod:`!nntplib` to merge :class:`!nntplib.NNTP` and " +":class:`!nntplib._NNTPBase`. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23921 +msgid "" +":issue:`32494`: Update :mod:`dbm.gnu` to use gdbm_count if possible when " +"calling :func:`len`. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23924 +msgid "" +":issue:`40453`: Add ``isolated=True`` keyword-only parameter to " +"``_xxsubinterpreters.create()``. An isolated subinterpreter cannot spawn " +"threads, spawn a child process or call ``os.fork()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23928 +msgid "" +":issue:`40286`: Remove ``_random.Random.randbytes()``: the C implementation " +"of ``randbytes()``. Implement the method in Python to ease subclassing: " +"``randbytes()`` now directly reuses ``getrandbits()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23932 +msgid "" +":issue:`40394`: Added default arguments to " +":meth:`difflib.SequenceMatcher.find_longest_match`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23935 +msgid "" +":issue:`39995`: Fix a race condition in concurrent.futures._ThreadWakeup: " +"access to _ThreadWakeup is now protected with the shutdown lock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23938 +msgid "" +":issue:`30966`: ``Process.shutdown(wait=True)`` of :mod:`concurrent.futures`" +" now closes explicitly the result queue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23941 +msgid "" +":issue:`30966`: Add a new :meth:`~multiprocessing.SimpleQueue.close` method " +"to the :class:`~multiprocessing.SimpleQueue` class to explicitly close the " +"queue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23945 +msgid "" +":issue:`39966`: Revert :issue:`25597`. :class:`unittest.mock.MagicMock` with" +" wraps' set uses default return values for magic methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23948 +msgid "" +":issue:`39791`: Added ``files()`` function to importlib.resources with " +"support for subdirectories in package data, matching backport in " +"importlib_resources 1.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23952 +msgid "" +":issue:`40375`: :meth:`imaplib.IMAP4.unselect` is added. Patch by Donghee " +"Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23954 +msgid "" +":issue:`40389`: ``repr()`` now returns ``typing.Optional[T]`` when called " +"for ``typing.Union`` of two types, one of which is ``NoneType``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23957 +msgid "" +":issue:`40291`: Add support for CAN_J1939 sockets (available on Linux 5.4+)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23959 +msgid ":issue:`40273`: :class:`types.MappingProxyType` is now reversible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23961 +msgid "" +":issue:`39075`: The repr for :class:`types.SimpleNamespace` is now insertion" +" ordered rather than alphabetical." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23964 +msgid "" +":issue:`40192`: On AIX, :func:`~time.thread_time` is now implemented with " +"``thread_cputime()`` which has nanosecond resolution, rather than " +"``clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)`` which has a resolution of 10 " +"milliseconds. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23969 +msgid "" +":issue:`40025`: Raise TypeError when _generate_next_value_ is defined after " +"members. Patch by Ethan Onstott." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23972 +msgid "" +":issue:`39058`: In the argparse module, the repr for Namespace() and other " +"argument holders now displayed in the order attributes were added. Formerly," +" it displayed in alphabetical order even though argument order is preserved " +"the user visible parts of the module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23977 +msgid "" +":issue:`24416`: The ``isocalendar()`` methods of :class:`datetime.date` and " +":class:`datetime.datetime` now return a :term:`named tuple` instead of a " +":class:`tuple`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23984 +msgid "" +":issue:`34790`: Add version of removal for explicit passing of coros to " +"``asyncio.wait()``'s documentation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23987 +msgid ":issue:`40561`: Provide docstrings for webbrowser open functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23989 +msgid "" +":issue:`40499`: Mention that :func:`asyncio.wait` requires a non-empty set " +"of awaitables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23992 +msgid "" +":issue:`39705`: Tutorial example for sorted() in the Loop Techniques section" +" is given a better explanation. Also a new example is included to explain " +"sorted()'s basic behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:23996 +msgid "" +":issue:`39435`: Fix an incorrect signature for :func:`pickle.loads` in the " +"docs" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24001 +msgid "" +":issue:`40055`: distutils.tests now saves/restores warnings filters to leave" +" them unchanged. Importing tests imports docutils which imports " +"pkg_resources which adds a warnings filter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24005 +msgid "" +":issue:`40436`: test_gdb and test.pythoninfo now check gdb command exit " +"code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24010 +msgid "" +":issue:`40653`: Move _dirnameW out of HAVE_SYMLINK to fix a potential " +"compiling issue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24013 +msgid "" +":issue:`40514`: Add ``--with-experimental-isolated-subinterpreters`` build " +"option to ``configure``: better isolate subinterpreters, experimental build " +"mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24020 +msgid ":issue:`40650`: Include winsock2.h in pytime.c for timeval." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24022 +msgid "" +":issue:`40458`: Increase reserved stack space to prevent overflow crash on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24025 +msgid "" +":issue:`39148`: Add IPv6 support to :mod:`asyncio` datagram endpoints in " +"ProactorEventLoop. Change the raised exception for unknown address families " +"to ValueError as it's not coming from Windows API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24032 +msgid "" +":issue:`34956`: When building Python on macOS from source, ``_tkinter`` now " +"links with non-system Tcl and Tk frameworks if they are installed in " +"``/Library/Frameworks``, as had been the case on older releases of macOS. If" +" a macOS SDK is explicitly configured, by using ``--enable-universalsdk=`` " +"or ``-isysroot``, only the SDK itself is searched. The default behavior can " +"still be overridden with ``--with-tcltk-includes`` and ``--with-tcltk-" +"libs``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24040 +msgid ":issue:`35569`: Expose RFC 3542 IPv6 socket options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24045 +msgid "" +":issue:`40479`: Update multissltest helper to test with latest OpenSSL " +"1.0.2, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, and 3.0.0-alpha." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24048 +msgid "" +":issue:`40431`: Fix a syntax typo in ``turtledemo`` that now raises a " +"``SyntaxError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24051 +msgid "" +":issue:`40163`: Fix multissltest tool. OpenSSL has changed download URL for " +"old releases. The multissltest tool now tries to download from current and " +"old download URLs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24058 +msgid "" +":issue:`39465`: Remove the ``_PyUnicode_ClearStaticStrings()`` function from" +" the C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24061 +msgid "" +":issue:`38787`: Add PyCFunction_CheckExact() macro for exact type checks now" +" that we allow subtypes of PyCFunction, as well as PyCMethod_CheckExact() " +"and PyCMethod_Check() for the new PyCMethod subtype." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24065 +msgid "" +":issue:`40545`: Declare ``_PyErr_GetTopmostException()`` with " +"``PyAPI_FUNC()`` to properly export the function in the C API. The function " +"remains private (``_Py``) prefix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24069 +msgid "" +":issue:`40412`: Nullify inittab_copy during finalization, preventing future " +"interpreter initializations in an embedded situation from crashing. Patch by" +" Gregory Szorc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24073 +msgid "" +":issue:`40429`: The :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` function now returns a " +"strong reference to the frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24076 +msgid "" +":issue:`40428`: Remove the following functions from the C API. Call " +":c:func:`PyGC_Collect` explicitly to free all free lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24079 +msgid "``PyAsyncGen_ClearFreeLists()``" +msgstr "``PyAsyncGen_ClearFreeLists()``" + +#: ../NEWS:24080 +msgid "``PyContext_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyContext_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../NEWS:24081 +msgid "``PyDict_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyDict_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../NEWS:24082 +msgid "``PyFloat_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyFloat_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../NEWS:24083 +msgid "``PyFrame_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyFrame_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../NEWS:24084 +msgid "``PyList_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyList_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../NEWS:24085 +msgid "``PySet_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24086 +msgid "``PyTuple_ClearFreeList()``" +msgstr "``PyTuple_ClearFreeList()``" + +#: ../NEWS:24088 +msgid "" +":issue:`40421`: New :c:func:`PyFrame_GetBack` function: get the frame next " +"outer frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24091 +msgid "" +":issue:`40421`: New :c:func:`PyFrame_GetCode` function: return a borrowed " +"reference to the frame code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24094 +msgid "" +":issue:`40217`: Ensure that instances of types created with " +":c:func:`PyType_FromSpecWithBases` will visit its class object when " +"traversing references in the garbage collector (implemented as an extension " +"of the provided :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_traverse`). Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24100 +msgid "" +":issue:`38787`: Module C state is now accessible from C-defined heap type " +"methods (:pep:`573`). Patch by Marcel Plch and Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24105 +msgid "Python 3.9.0 alpha 6" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24107 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-04-27*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2020-04-27*" + +#: ../NEWS:24112 +msgid ":issue:`40121`: Fixes audit events raised on creating a new socket." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24114 +msgid "" +":issue:`39073`: Disallow CR or LF in email.headerregistry.Address arguments " +"to guard against header injection attacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24117 +msgid "" +":issue:`39503`: :cve:`2020-8492`: The " +":class:`~urllib.request.AbstractBasicAuthHandler` class of the " +":mod:`urllib.request` module uses an inefficient regular expression which " +"can be exploited by an attacker to cause a denial of service. Fix the regex " +"to prevent the catastrophic backtracking. Vulnerability reported by Ben " +"Caller and Matt Schwager." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24127 +msgid ":issue:`40313`: Improve the performance of bytes.hex()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24129 +msgid "" +":issue:`40334`: Switch to a new parser, based on PEG. For more details see " +"PEP 617. To temporarily switch back to the old parser, use ``-X oldparser`` " +"or ``PYTHONOLDPARSER=1``. In Python 3.10 we will remove the old parser " +"completely, including the ``parser`` module (already deprecated) and " +"anything that depends on it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24135 +msgid "" +":issue:`40267`: Fix the tokenizer to display the correct error message, when" +" there is a ``SyntaxError`` on the last input character and no newline " +"follows. It used to be ``unexpected EOF while parsing``, while it should be " +"``invalid syntax``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24140 +msgid "" +":issue:`39522`: Correctly unparse explicit ``u`` prefix for strings when " +"postponed evaluation for annotations activated. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24143 +msgid "" +":issue:`40246`: Report a specialized error message, ``invalid string " +"prefix``, when the tokenizer encounters a string with an invalid prefix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24146 +msgid "" +":issue:`40082`: Fix the signal handler: it now always uses the main " +"interpreter, rather than trying to get the current Python thread state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24149 +msgid "" +":issue:`37388`: str.encode() and str.decode() no longer check the encoding " +"and errors in development mode or in debug mode during Python finalization. " +"The codecs machinery can no longer work on very late calls to str.encode() " +"and str.decode()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24154 +msgid "" +":issue:`40077`: Fix possible refleaks in :mod:`!_json`, memo of " +"PyScannerObject should be traversed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24157 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: Speed up calls to ``dict()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24160 +msgid "" +":issue:`40141`: Add column and line information to ``ast.keyword`` nodes. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24163 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`resource` to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24166 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port :mod:`math` to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24168 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _uuid module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24170 +msgid ":issue:`40077`: Convert json module to use :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24172 +msgid "" +":issue:`40067`: Improve the error message for multiple star expressions in " +"an assignment. Patch by Furkan Onder" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24175 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _functools module to multiphase initialization (PEP " +"489). Patch by Paulo Henrique Silva." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24178 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port operator module to multiphase initialization (PEP " +"489). Patch by Paulo Henrique Silva." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24181 +msgid "" +":issue:`20526`: Fix :c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear()`. ``PyThreadState.frame``" +" is a borrowed reference, not a strong reference: ``PyThreadState_Clear()`` " +"must not call ``Py_CLEAR(tstate->frame)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24185 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port time module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`). Patch by Paulo Henrique Silva." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24188 ../NEWS:24580 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _weakref extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24191 +msgid "" +":issue:`40020`: Fix a leak and subsequent crash in parsetok.c caused by " +"realloc misuse on a rare codepath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24194 +msgid "" +":issue:`39939`: Added str.removeprefix and str.removesuffix methods and " +"corresponding bytes, bytearray, and collections.UserString methods to remove" +" affixes from a string if present. See :pep:`616` for a full description. " +"Patch by Dennis Sweeney." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24199 +msgid "" +":issue:`39481`: Implement PEP 585. This supports list[int], tuple[str, ...] " +"etc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24202 +msgid "" +":issue:`32894`: Support unparsing of infinity numbers in postponed " +"annotations. Patch by Batuhan Taşkaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24205 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: Speed up calls to ``list()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Mark Shannon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24211 +msgid "" +":issue:`40398`: :func:`typing.get_args` now always returns an empty tuple " +"for special generic aliases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24214 +msgid "" +":issue:`40396`: Functions :func:`typing.get_origin`, :func:`typing.get_args`" +" and :func:`typing.get_type_hints` support now generic aliases like " +"``list[int]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24218 +msgid "" +":issue:`38061`: Optimize the :mod:`subprocess` module on FreeBSD using " +"``closefrom()``. A single ``close(fd)`` syscall is cheap, but when " +"``sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX)`` is high, the loop calling ``close(fd)`` on each " +"file descriptor can take several milliseconds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24223 +msgid "" +"The workaround on FreeBSD to improve performance was to load and mount the " +"fdescfs kernel module, but this is not enabled by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24226 ../NEWS:24234 +msgid "" +"Initial patch by Ed Maste (emaste), Conrad Meyer (cem), Kyle Evans (kevans) " +"and Kubilay Kocak (koobs): " +"https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=242274" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24230 +msgid "" +":issue:`38061`: On FreeBSD, ``os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high)`` now calls " +"``closefrom(fd_low)`` if *fd_high* is greater than or equal to " +"``sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24238 +msgid "" +":issue:`40360`: The :mod:`!lib2to3` module is pending deprecation due to " +":pep:`617`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24241 +msgid "" +":issue:`40138`: Fix the Windows implementation of :func:`os.waitpid` for " +"exit code larger than ``INT_MAX >> 8``. The exit status is now interpreted " +"as an unsigned number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24245 +msgid "" +":issue:`39942`: Set \"__main__\" as the default module name when " +"\"__name__\" is missing in :class:`typing.TypeVar`. Patch by Weipeng Hong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24248 +msgid "" +":issue:`40275`: The :mod:`logging` package is now imported lazily in " +":mod:`unittest` only when the :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLogs` " +"assertion is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24252 +msgid "" +":issue:`40275`: The :mod:`asyncio` package is now imported lazily in " +":mod:`unittest` only when the :class:`~unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase` " +"class is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24256 +msgid "" +":issue:`40330`: In :meth:`ShareableList.__setitem__`, check the size of a " +"new string item after encoding it to utf-8, not before." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24259 +msgid "" +":issue:`40148`: Added :meth:`pathlib.Path.with_stem` to create a new Path " +"with the stem replaced." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24262 +msgid ":issue:`40325`: Deprecated support for set objects in random.sample()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24264 +msgid "" +":issue:`40257`: Improved help for the :mod:`typing` module. Docstrings are " +"now shown for all special forms and special generic aliases (like ``Union`` " +"and ``List``). Using ``help()`` with generic alias like ``List[int]`` will " +"show the help for the correspondent concrete type (``list`` in this case)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24269 +msgid "" +":issue:`40257`: :func:`inspect.getdoc` no longer returns docstring inherited" +" from the type of the object or from parent class if it is a class if it is " +"not defined in the object itself. In :mod:`pydoc` the documentation string " +"is now shown not only for class, function, method etc, but for any object " +"that has its own ``__doc__`` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24275 +msgid "" +":issue:`40287`: Fixed ``SpooledTemporaryFile.seek()`` to return the " +"position." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24277 +msgid ":issue:`40290`: Added zscore() to statistics.NormalDist()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24279 +msgid "" +":issue:`40282`: Allow ``random.getrandbits(0)`` to succeed and to return 0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24281 +msgid "" +":issue:`40286`: Add :func:`random.randbytes` function and " +":meth:`random.Random.randbytes` method to generate random bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24284 +msgid "" +":issue:`40277`: :func:`collections.namedtuple` now provides a human-readable" +" repr for its field accessors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24287 +msgid "" +":issue:`40270`: The included copy of sqlite3 on Windows is now compiled with" +" the json extension. This allows the use of functions such as " +"``json_object``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24291 +msgid "" +":issue:`29255`: Wait in ``KqueueSelector.select`` when no fds are registered" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24293 +msgid "" +":issue:`40260`: Ensure :mod:`modulefinder` uses :func:`io.open_code` and " +"respects coding comments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24296 +msgid "" +":issue:`40234`: Allow again to spawn daemon threads in subinterpreters " +"(revert change which denied them)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24299 +msgid "" +":issue:`39207`: Workers in :class:`~concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` " +"are now spawned on demand, only when there are no available idle workers to " +"reuse. This optimizes startup overhead and reduces the amount of lost CPU " +"time to idle workers. Patch by Kyle Stanley." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24304 +msgid "" +":issue:`40091`: Fix a hang at fork in the logging module: the new private " +"_at_fork_reinit() method is now used to reinitialize locks at fork in the " +"child process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24308 +msgid "" +":issue:`40149`: Implement traverse and clear slots in _abc._abc_data type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24310 +msgid "" +":issue:`40208`: Remove deprecated :meth:`!symtable.SymbolTable.has_exec`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24312 +msgid "" +":issue:`40196`: Fix a bug in the :mod:`symtable` module that was causing " +"incorrectly report global variables as local. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24315 +msgid "" +":issue:`40190`: Add support for ``_SC_AIX_REALMEM`` to " +":func:`posix.sysconf`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24317 +msgid "" +":issue:`40182`: Removed the ``_field_types`` attribute of the " +":class:`typing.NamedTuple` class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24320 +msgid "" +":issue:`36517`: Multiple inheritance with :class:`typing.NamedTuple` now " +"raises an error instead of silently ignoring other types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24323 +msgid "" +":issue:`40126`: Fixed reverting multiple patches in unittest.mock. Patcher's" +" ``__exit__()`` is now never called if its ``__enter__()`` is failed. " +"Returning true from ``__exit__()`` silences now the exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24327 +msgid "" +":issue:`40094`: CGIHTTPRequestHandler of http.server now logs the CGI script" +" exit code, rather than the CGI script exit status of os.waitpid(). For " +"example, if the script is killed by signal 11, it now logs: \"CGI script " +"exit code -11.\"" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24332 +msgid "" +":issue:`40108`: Improve the error message when triying to import a module " +"using :mod:`runpy` and incorrectly using the \".py\" extension at the end of" +" the module name. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24336 +msgid "" +":issue:`40094`: Add :func:`os.waitstatus_to_exitcode` function: convert a " +"wait status to an exit code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24339 +msgid "" +":issue:`40089`: Fix threading._after_fork(): if fork was not called by a " +"thread spawned by threading.Thread, threading._after_fork() now creates a " +"_MainThread instance for _main_thread, instead of a _DummyThread instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24343 +msgid "" +":issue:`40089`: Add a private ``_at_fork_reinit()`` method to " +":class:`!_thread.Lock`, :class:`!_thread.RLock`, :class:`threading.RLock` " +"and :class:`threading.Condition` classes: reinitialize the lock at fork in " +"the child process, reset the lock to the unlocked state. Rename also the " +"private ``_reset_internal_locks()`` method of :class:`threading.Event` to " +"``_at_fork_reinit()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24350 +msgid "" +":issue:`25780`: Expose :const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_JOIN_FILTERS` in the " +":mod:`socket` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24353 +msgid "" +":issue:`39503`: :class:`~urllib.request.AbstractBasicAuthHandler` of " +":mod:`urllib.request` now parses all WWW-Authenticate HTTP headers and " +"accepts multiple challenges per header: use the realm of the first Basic " +"challenge." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24358 +msgid "" +":issue:`39812`: Removed daemon threads from :mod:`concurrent.futures` by " +"adding an internal ``threading._register_atexit()``, which calls registered " +"functions prior to joining all non-daemon threads. This allows for " +"compatibility with subinterpreters, which don't support daemon threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24363 +msgid "" +":issue:`40050`: Fix ``importlib._bootstrap_external``: avoid creating a new " +"``winreg`` builtin module if it's already available in :data:`sys.modules`, " +"and remove redundant imports." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24367 +msgid "" +":issue:`40014`: Fix ``os.getgrouplist()``: if ``getgrouplist()`` function " +"fails because the group list is too small, retry with a larger group list. " +"On failure, the glibc implementation of ``getgrouplist()`` sets ``ngroups`` " +"to the total number of groups. For other implementations, double the group " +"list size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24373 +msgid "" +":issue:`40017`: Add :const:`time.CLOCK_TAI` constant if the operating system" +" support it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24376 +msgid "" +":issue:`40016`: In re docstring, clarify the relationship between inline and" +" argument compile flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24379 +msgid "" +":issue:`39953`: Update internal table of OpenSSL error codes in the ``ssl`` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24382 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: Added :pep:`584` operators to " +":class:`weakref.WeakValueDictionary`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24385 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: Added :pep:`584` operators to " +":class:`weakref.WeakKeyDictionary`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24388 +msgid "" +":issue:`38891`: Fix linear runtime behaviour of the ``__getitem__`` and " +"``__setitem__`` methods in " +":class:`multiprocessing.shared_memory.ShareableList`. This avoids quadratic " +"performance when iterating a ``ShareableList``. Patch by Thomas " +"Krennwallner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24394 +msgid "" +":issue:`39682`: Remove undocumented support for *closing* a ``pathlib.Path``" +" object via its context manager. The context manager magic methods remain, " +"but they are now a no-op, making ``Path`` objects immutable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24398 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: Added :pep:`584` operators (``|`` and ``|=``) to " +":class:`collections.ChainMap`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24401 +msgid "" +":issue:`39011`: Normalization of line endings in ElementTree attributes was " +"removed, as line endings which were replaced by entity numbers should be " +"preserved in original form." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24405 +msgid "" +":issue:`38410`: Properly handle :func:`sys.audit` failures in " +":func:`sys.set_asyncgen_hooks`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24408 +msgid "" +":issue:`36541`: lib2to3 now recognizes named assignment expressions (the " +"walrus operator, ``:=``)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24411 +msgid "" +":issue:`35967`: In platform, delay the invocation of 'uname -p' until the " +"processor attribute is requested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24414 +msgid "" +":issue:`35113`: :meth:`inspect.getsource` now returns correct source code " +"for inner class with same name as module level class. Decorators are also " +"returned as part of source of the class. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24419 +msgid "" +":issue:`33262`: Deprecate passing None as an argument for " +":func:`shlex.split`'s ``s`` parameter. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24422 +msgid "" +":issue:`31758`: Prevent crashes when using an uninitialized " +"``_elementtree.XMLParser`` object. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24428 +msgid "" +":issue:`27635`: The pickle documentation incorrectly claimed that " +"``__new__`` isn't called by default when unpickling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24431 +msgid "" +":issue:`39879`: Updated :ref:`datamodel` docs to include :func:`dict` " +"insertion order preservation. Patch by Furkan Onder and Samy Lahfa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24434 +msgid "" +":issue:`38387`: Document :c:macro:`PyDoc_STRVAR` macro in the C-API " +"reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24436 +msgid "" +":issue:`13743`: Some methods within xml.dom.minidom.Element class are now " +"better documented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24442 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Set expected default encoding in test_c_locale_coercion.py " +"for VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24445 +msgid ":issue:`40162`: Update Travis CI configuration to OpenSSL 1.1.1f." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24447 +msgid ":issue:`40146`: Update OpenSSL to 1.1.1f in Azure Pipelines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24449 +msgid ":issue:`40094`: Add :func:`test.support.wait_process` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24451 +msgid "" +":issue:`40003`: ``test.bisect_cmd`` now copies Python command line options " +"like ``-O`` or ``-W``. Moreover, emit a warning if ``test.bisect_cmd`` is " +"used with ``-w``/``--verbose2`` option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24455 +msgid "" +":issue:`39380`: Add the encoding in :class:`ftplib.FTP` and " +":class:`ftplib.FTP_TLS` to the constructor as keyword-only and change the " +"default from ``latin-1`` to ``utf-8`` to follow :rfc:`2640`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24459 +msgid "" +":issue:`39793`: Use the same domain when testing ``make_msgid``. Patch by " +"Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24462 +msgid "" +":issue:`1812`: Fix newline handling in doctest.testfile when loading from a " +"package whose loader has a get_data method. Patch by Peter Donis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24468 +msgid ":issue:`38360`: Support single-argument form of macOS -isysroot flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24470 +msgid "" +":issue:`40158`: Fix CPython MSBuild Properties in NuGet Package " +"(build/native/python.props)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24473 +msgid "" +":issue:`38527`: Fix configure check on Solaris for \"float word ordering\": " +"sometimes, the correct \"grep\" command was not being used. Patch by Arnon " +"Yaari." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24480 +msgid ":issue:`40164`: Updates Windows to OpenSSL 1.1.1f" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24482 +msgid "" +":issue:`8901`: Ignore the Windows registry when the ``-E`` option is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24487 +msgid "" +":issue:`38329`: python.org macOS installers now update the Current version " +"symlink of /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions for 3.9 installs. " +"Previously, Current was only updated for Python 2.x installs. This should " +"make it easier to embed Python 3 into other macOS applications." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24492 +msgid ":issue:`40164`: Update macOS installer builds to use OpenSSL 1.1.1g." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24497 +msgid "" +":issue:`38439`: Add a 256×256 pixel IDLE icon to support more modern " +"environments. Created by Andrew Clover. Delete the unused macOS idle.icns " +"icon file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24501 +msgid "" +":issue:`38689`: IDLE will no longer freeze when inspect.signature fails when" +" fetching a calltip." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24507 +msgid "" +":issue:`40385`: Removed the checkpyc.py tool. Please see compileall without " +"force mode as a potential alternative." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24510 +msgid ":issue:`40179`: Fixed translation of ``#elif`` in Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24512 +msgid "" +":issue:`40094`: Fix ``which.py`` script exit code: it now uses " +":func:`os.waitstatus_to_exitcode` to convert :func:`os.system` exit status " +"into an exit code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24519 +msgid "" +":issue:`40241`: Move the :c:type:`!PyGC_Head` structure to the internal C " +"API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24521 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Convert :c:func:`PyObject_IS_GC` macro to a function to hide" +" implementation details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24524 +msgid "" +":issue:`40241`: Add the functions :c:func:`PyObject_GC_IsTracked` and " +":c:func:`PyObject_GC_IsFinalized` to the public API to allow to query if " +"Python objects are being currently tracked or have been already finalized by" +" the garbage collector respectively. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24529 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: The :c:func:`!PyObject_NEW` macro becomes an alias to the " +":c:func:`PyObject_New` macro, and the :c:func:`!PyObject_NEW_VAR` macro " +"becomes an alias to the :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` macro, to hide " +"implementation details. They no longer access directly the " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` member." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24535 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: :c:func:`PyType_HasFeature` now always calls " +":c:func:`PyType_GetFlags` to hide implementation details. Previously, it " +"accessed directly the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_flags` member when the " +"limited C API was not used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24540 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Convert the :c:func:`!PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR` macro " +"to a function to hide implementation details: the macro accessed directly to" +" the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` member." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24544 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Convert :c:func:`PyObject_CheckBuffer` macro to a function " +"to hide implementation details: the macro accessed directly the " +":c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_as_buffer` member." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24548 +msgid "" +":issue:`40170`: Always declare :c:func:`PyIndex_Check` as an opaque function" +" to hide implementation details: remove ``PyIndex_Check()`` macro. The macro" +" accessed directly the :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_as_number` member." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24552 +msgid "" +":issue:`39947`: Add :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetID` function: get the unique " +"identifier of a Python thread state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24557 +msgid "Python 3.9.0 alpha 5" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24559 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-03-23*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2020-03-23*" + +#: ../NEWS:24564 +msgid "" +":issue:`38576`: Disallow control characters in hostnames in http.client, " +"addressing :cve:`2019-18348`. Such potentially malicious header injection " +"URLs now cause a InvalidURL to be raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24571 +msgid "" +":issue:`40010`: Optimize pending calls in multithreaded applications. If a " +"thread different than the main thread schedules a pending call " +"(:c:func:`Py_AddPendingCall`), the bytecode evaluation loop is no longer " +"interrupted at each bytecode instruction to check for pending calls which " +"cannot be executed. Only the main thread can execute pending calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24577 +msgid "" +"Previously, the bytecode evaluation loop was interrupted at each instruction" +" until the main thread executes pending calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24583 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _collections module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24586 +msgid "" +":issue:`40010`: Optimize signal handling in multithreaded applications. If a" +" thread different than the main thread gets a signal, the bytecode " +"evaluation loop is no longer interrupted at each bytecode instruction to " +"check for pending signals which cannot be handled. Only the main thread of " +"the main interpreter can handle signals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24592 +msgid "" +"Previously, the bytecode evaluation loop was interrupted at each instruction" +" until the main thread handles signals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24595 +msgid "" +":issue:`39984`: If :c:func:`Py_AddPendingCall` is called in a " +"subinterpreter, the function is now scheduled to be called from the " +"subinterpreter, rather than being called from the main interpreter. Each " +"subinterpreter now has its own list of scheduled calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24600 +msgid ":issue:`1635741`: Port _heapq module to multiphase initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24602 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port itertools module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24605 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: Speed up calls to ``frozenset()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24608 +msgid "" +":issue:`39984`: subinterpreters: Move " +"``_PyRuntimeState.ceval.tracing_possible`` to " +"``PyInterpreterState.ceval.tracing_possible``: each interpreter now has its " +"own variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24613 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: Speed up calls to ``set()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24616 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _statistics module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24619 +msgid "" +":issue:`39968`: Use inline function to replace extension modules' " +"get_module_state macros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24622 +msgid "" +":issue:`39965`: Correctly raise ``SyntaxError`` if *await* is used inside " +"non-async functions and ``PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` is set (like in the " +"asyncio REPL). Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24626 +msgid "" +":issue:`39562`: Allow executing asynchronous comprehensions on the top level" +" when the ``PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` flag is given. Patch by Batuhan " +"Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24630 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: Speed up calls to ``tuple()`` by using the :pep:`590` " +"``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24633 +msgid "" +":issue:`38373`: Changed list overallocation strategy. It no longer " +"overallocates if the new size is closer to overallocated size than to the " +"old size and adds padding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24637 +msgid ":issue:`39926`: Update Unicode database to Unicode version 13.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24639 +msgid "" +":issue:`19466`: Clear the frames of daemon threads earlier during the Python" +" shutdown to call objects destructors. So \"unclosed file\" resource " +"warnings are now emitted for daemon threads in a more reliable way." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24643 +msgid "" +":issue:`38894`: Fix a bug that was causing incomplete results when calling " +"``pathlib.Path.glob`` in the presence of symlinks that point to files where " +"the user does not have read access. Patch by Pablo Galindo and Matt " +"Wozniski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24648 +msgid "" +":issue:`39877`: Fix :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread` random crash at exit with" +" daemon threads. It now accesses the ``_PyRuntime`` variable directly " +"instead of using ``tstate->interp->runtime``, since ``tstate`` can be a " +"dangling pointer after :c:func:`Py_Finalize` has been called. Moreover, the " +"daemon thread now exits before trying to take the GIL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24654 +msgid "" +":issue:`39871`: Fix a possible :exc:`SystemError` in " +"``math.{atan2,copysign,remainder}()`` when the first argument cannot be " +"converted to a :class:`float`. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24658 +msgid "" +":issue:`39776`: Fix race condition where threads created by " +"PyGILState_Ensure() could get a duplicate id." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24661 +msgid "" +"This affects consumers of tstate->id like the contextvar caching machinery, " +"which could return invalid cached objects under heavy thread load (observed " +"in embedded scenarios)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24665 +msgid "" +":issue:`39778`: Fixed a crash due to incorrect handling of weak references " +"in ``collections.OrderedDict`` classes. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24668 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port audioop extension module to multiphase initialization" +" (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24671 +msgid "" +":issue:`39702`: Relax :term:`decorator` grammar restrictions to allow any " +"valid expression (:pep:`614`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24674 +msgid "" +":issue:`38091`: Tweak import deadlock detection code to not deadlock itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24676 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _locale extension module to multiphase initialization" +" (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24679 +msgid "" +":issue:`39087`: Optimize :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` slightly when they need to create internal" +" UTF-8 cache." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24683 +msgid "" +":issue:`39520`: Fix unparsing of ext slices with no items (``foo[:,]``). " +"Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24686 +msgid "" +":issue:`39220`: Do not optimize annotations if 'from __future__ import " +"annotations' is used. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24689 +msgid "" +":issue:`35712`: Using :data:`NotImplemented` in a boolean context has been " +"deprecated. Patch contributed by Josh Rosenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24692 +msgid "" +":issue:`22490`: Don't leak environment variable ``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` into" +" the interpreter session on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24698 +msgid "" +":issue:`39830`: Add :class:`zipfile.Path` to ``__all__`` in the " +":mod:`zipfile` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24701 +msgid "" +":issue:`40000`: Improved error messages for validation of ``ast.Constant`` " +"nodes. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24704 +msgid "" +":issue:`39999`: ``__module__`` of the AST node classes is now set to \"ast\"" +" instead of \"_ast\". Added docstrings for dummy AST node classes and " +"deprecated attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24708 +msgid "" +":issue:`39991`: :func:`uuid.getnode` now skips IPv6 addresses with the same " +"string length than a MAC address (17 characters): only use MAC addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24711 +msgid "" +":issue:`39988`: Deprecated ``ast.AugLoad`` and ``ast.AugStore`` node classes" +" because they are no longer used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24714 +msgid "" +":issue:`39656`: Ensure ``bin/python3.#`` is always present in virtual " +"environments on POSIX platforms - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24717 +msgid "" +":issue:`39969`: Deprecated ``ast.Param`` node class because it's no longer " +"used. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24720 +msgid "" +":issue:`39360`: Ensure all workers exit when finalizing a " +":class:`multiprocessing.Pool` implicitly via the module finalization " +"handlers of multiprocessing. This fixes a deadlock situation that can be " +"experienced when the Pool is not properly finalized via the context manager " +"or a call to ``multiprocessing.Pool.terminate``. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya " +"and Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24727 +msgid "" +":issue:`35370`: sys.settrace(), sys.setprofile() and " +"_lsprof.Profiler.enable() now properly report :c:func:`PySys_Audit` error if" +" \"sys.setprofile\" or \"sys.settrace\" audit event is denied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24731 +msgid "" +":issue:`39936`: AIX: Fix _aix_support module when the subprocess is not " +"available, when building Python from scratch. It now uses new private " +"_bootsubprocess module, rather than having two implementations depending if " +"subprocess is available or not. So _aix_support.aix_platform() result is now" +" the same if subprocess is available or not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24737 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: :class:`collections.OrderedDict` now implements ``|`` and " +"``|=`` (:pep:`584`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24740 +msgid "" +":issue:`39652`: The column name found in ``sqlite3.Cursor.description`` is " +"now truncated on the first '[' only if the PARSE_COLNAMES option is set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24743 +msgid "" +":issue:`39915`: Ensure :attr:`unittest.mock.AsyncMock.await_args_list` has " +"call objects in the order of awaited arguments instead of using " +":attr:`unittest.mock.Mock.call_args` which has the last value of the call. " +"Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24748 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: Updated :data:`os.environ` and :data:`os.environb` to " +"support :pep:`584`'s merge (``|``) and update (``|=``) operators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24751 +msgid "" +":issue:`38662`: The ``ensurepip`` module now invokes ``pip`` via the " +"``runpy`` module. Hence it is no longer tightly coupled with the internal " +"API of the bundled ``pip`` version, allowing easier updates to a newer " +"``pip`` version both internally and for distributors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24756 +msgid "" +":issue:`38075`: Fix the :meth:`random.Random.seed` method when a " +":class:`bool` is passed as the seed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24759 +msgid "" +":issue:`39916`: More reliable use of ``os.scandir()`` in ``Path.glob()``. It" +" no longer emits a ResourceWarning when interrupted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24762 +msgid "" +":issue:`39850`: :mod:`multiprocessing` now supports abstract socket " +"addresses (if abstract sockets are supported in the running platform). When " +"creating arbitrary addresses (like when default-constructing " +":class:`multiprocessing.connection.Listener` objects) abstract sockets are " +"preferred to avoid the case when the temporary-file-generated address is too" +" large for an AF_UNIX socket address. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24769 +msgid "" +":issue:`36287`: :func:`ast.dump` no longer outputs optional fields and " +"attributes with default values. The default values for optional fields and " +"attributes of AST nodes are now set as class attributes (e.g. " +"``Constant.kind`` is set to ``None``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24774 +msgid "" +":issue:`39889`: Fixed :func:`ast.unparse` for extended slices containing a " +"single element (e.g. ``a[i:j,]``). Remove redundant tuples when index with a" +" tuple (e.g. ``a[i, j]``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24778 +msgid "" +":issue:`39828`: Fix :mod:`json.tool` to catch :exc:`BrokenPipeError`. Patch " +"by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24781 +msgid "" +":issue:`13487`: Avoid a possible *\"RuntimeError: dictionary changed size " +"during iteration\"* from :func:`inspect.getmodule` when it tried to loop " +"through :data:`sys.modules`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24785 +msgid "" +":issue:`39674`: Revert \":issue:`37330`: open() no longer accept 'U' in file" +" mode\". The \"U\" mode of open() is kept in Python 3.9 to ease transition " +"from Python 2.7, but will be removed in Python 3.10." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24789 +msgid "" +":issue:`28577`: The hosts method on 32-bit prefix length IPv4Networks and " +"128-bit prefix IPv6Networks now returns a list containing the single Address" +" instead of an empty list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24793 +msgid "" +":issue:`39826`: Add getConnection method to logging HTTPHandler to enable " +"custom connections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24796 +msgid "" +":issue:`39763`: Reimplement ``distutils.spawn.spawn`` function with the " +":mod:`subprocess` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24799 +msgid "" +":issue:`39794`: Add --without-decimal-contextvar build option. This enables" +" a thread-local rather than a coroutine local context." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24802 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: :class:`collections.defaultdict` now implements ``|`` " +"(:pep:`584`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24805 +msgid ":issue:`39517`: Fix runpy.run_path() when using pathlike objects" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24807 +msgid "" +":issue:`39775`: Change ``inspect.Signature.parameters`` back to " +"``collections.OrderedDict``. This was changed to ``dict`` in Python 3.9.0a4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24811 +msgid "" +":issue:`39678`: Refactor queue_manager in " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` to make it easier to " +"maintain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24815 +msgid "" +":issue:`39764`: Fix AttributeError when calling get_stack on a " +"PyAsyncGenObject Task" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24818 +msgid "" +":issue:`39769`: The :func:`compileall.compile_dir` function's *ddir* " +"parameter and the compileall command line flag ``-d`` no longer write the " +"wrong pathname to the generated pyc file for submodules beneath the root of " +"the directory tree being compiled. This fixes a regression introduced with " +"Python 3.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24824 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: :class:`types.MappingProxyType` objects now support the " +"merge (``|``) operator from :pep:`584`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24827 +msgid "" +":issue:`38691`: The :mod:`importlib` module now ignores the " +":envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` environment variable when the :option:`-E` or " +":option:`-I` command line options are being used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24831 +msgid "" +":issue:`39719`: Remove :meth:`tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile.softspace` as " +"files no longer have the ``softspace`` attribute in Python 3. Patch by " +"Shantanu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24834 +msgid "" +":issue:`39667`: Improve pathlib.Path compatibility on zipfile.Path and " +"correct performance degradation as found in zipp 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24837 +msgid "" +":issue:`39638`: Keep ASDL signatures in the docstrings for ``AST`` nodes. " +"Patch by Batuhan Taskaya" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24840 +msgid "" +":issue:`39639`: Deprecated ``ast.Suite`` node class because it's no longer " +"used. Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24843 +msgid ":issue:`39609`: Add thread_name_prefix to default asyncio executor" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24845 +msgid "" +":issue:`39548`: Fix handling of header in " +":class:`urllib.request.AbstractDigestAuthHandler` when the optional ``qop`` " +"parameter is not present." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24849 +msgid "" +":issue:`39509`: HTTP status codes ``103 EARLY_HINTS`` and ``425 TOO_EARLY`` " +"are added to :class:`http.HTTPStatus`. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24852 +msgid "" +":issue:`39507`: Adding HTTP status 418 \"I'm a Teapot\" to HTTPStatus in " +"http library. Patch by Ross Rhodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24855 +msgid "" +":issue:`39495`: Remove default value from *attrs* parameter of " +":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.start` for consistency between " +"Python and C implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24859 +msgid "" +":issue:`38971`: Open issue in the BPO indicated a desire to make the " +"implementation of codecs.open() at parity with io.open(), which implements a" +" try/except to assure file stream gets closed before an exception is raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24864 +msgid "" +":issue:`38641`: Added starred expressions support to ``return`` and " +"``yield`` statements for ``lib2to3``. Patch by Vlad Emelianov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24867 +msgid "" +":issue:`37534`: When using minidom module to generate XML documents the " +"ability to add Standalone Document Declaration is added. All the changes are" +" made to generate a document in compliance with Extensible Markup Language " +"(XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition) W3C Recommendation (available here: " +"https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#sec-prolog-dtd)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24873 +msgid "" +":issue:`34788`: Add support for scoped IPv6 addresses to :mod:`ipaddress`. " +"Patch by Oleksandr Pavliuk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24876 +msgid "" +":issue:`34822`: Simplified AST for subscription. Simple indices are now " +"represented by their value, extended slices are represented as tuples. " +":mod:`ast` classes ``Index`` and ``ExtSlice`` are considered deprecated and " +"will be removed in future Python versions. In the meantime, ``Index(value)``" +" now returns a ``value`` itself, ``ExtSlice(slices)`` returns " +"``Tuple(slices, Load())``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24886 +msgid ":issue:`39868`: Updated the Language Reference for :pep:`572`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24888 +msgid ":issue:`13790`: Change 'string' to 'specification' in format doc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24890 +msgid "" +":issue:`17422`: The language reference no longer restricts default class " +"namespaces to dicts only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24893 +msgid "" +":issue:`39530`: Fix misleading documentation about mixed-type numeric " +"comparisons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24896 +msgid "" +":issue:`39718`: Update :mod:`token` documentation to reflect additions in " +"Python 3.8" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24899 +msgid "" +":issue:`39677`: Changed operand name of **MAKE_FUNCTION** from *argc* to " +"*flags* for module :mod:`dis`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24905 +msgid "" +":issue:`40019`: test_gdb now skips tests if it detects that gdb failed to " +"read debug information because the Python binary is optimized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24908 +msgid "" +":issue:`27807`: ``test_site.test_startup_imports()`` is now skipped if a " +"path of :data:`sys.path` contains a ``.pth`` file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24911 +msgid "" +":issue:`26067`: Do not fail test_shutil test_chown test when uid or gid of " +"user cannot be resolved to a name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24914 +msgid "" +":issue:`39855`: test_subprocess.test_user() now skips the test on an user " +"name if the user name doesn't exist. For example, skip the test if the user " +"\"nobody\" doesn't exist on Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24921 +msgid ":issue:`39761`: Fix build with DTrace but without additional DFLAGS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24923 +msgid "" +":issue:`39763`: setup.py now uses a basic implementation of the " +":mod:`subprocess` module if the :mod:`subprocess` module is not available: " +"before required C extension modules are built." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24927 +msgid "" +":issue:`1294959`: Add ``--with-platlibdir`` option to the configure script: " +"name of the platform-specific library directory, stored in the new " +":data:`sys.platlibdir` attribute. It is used to build the path of platform-" +"specific extension modules and the path of the standard library. It is equal" +" to ``\"lib\"`` on most platforms. On Fedora and SuSE, it is equal to " +"``\"lib64\"`` on 64-bit platforms. Patch by Jan Matějek, Matěj Cepl, " +"Charalampos Stratakis and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24938 +msgid "" +":issue:`39930`: Ensures the required :file:`vcruntime140.dll` is included in" +" install packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24941 +msgid "" +":issue:`39847`: Avoid hang when computer is hibernated whilst waiting for a " +"mutex (for lock-related objects from :mod:`threading`) around 49-day uptime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24945 +msgid "" +":issue:`38597`: ``distutils`` will no longer statically link " +":file:`vcruntime140.dll` when a redistributable version is unavailable. All " +"future releases of CPython will include a copy of this DLL to ensure " +"distributed extensions can continue to load." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24950 +msgid ":issue:`38380`: Update Windows builds to use SQLite 3.31.1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24952 +msgid "" +":issue:`39789`: Update Windows release build machines to Visual Studio 2019 " +"(MSVC 14.2)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24955 +msgid "" +":issue:`34803`: Package for nuget.org now includes repository reference and " +"bundled icon image." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24961 +msgid ":issue:`38380`: Update macOS builds to use SQLite 3.31.1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24966 +msgid "" +":issue:`27115`: For 'Go to Line', use a Query box subclass with IDLE " +"standard behavior and improved error checking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24969 +msgid "" +":issue:`39885`: Since clicking to get an IDLE context menu moves the cursor," +" any text selection should be and now is cleared." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24972 +msgid "" +":issue:`39852`: Edit \"Go to line\" now clears any selection, preventing " +"accidental deletion. It also updates Ln and Col on the status bar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24975 +msgid ":issue:`39781`: Selecting code context lines no longer causes a jump." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24980 +msgid "" +":issue:`36184`: Port python-gdb.py to FreeBSD. python-gdb.py now checks for " +"\"take_gil\" function name to check if a frame tries to acquire the GIL, " +"instead of checking for \"pthread_cond_timedwait\" which is specific to " +"Linux and can be a different condition than the GIL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24985 +msgid "" +":issue:`38080`: Added support to fix ``getproxies`` in the " +":mod:`!lib2to3.fixes.fix_urllib` module. Patch by José Roberto Meza Cabrera." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24992 +msgid "" +":issue:`40024`: Add :c:func:`PyModule_AddType` helper function: add a type " +"to a module. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:24995 +msgid "" +":issue:`39946`: Remove ``_PyRuntime.getframe`` hook and remove " +"``_PyThreadState_GetFrame`` macro which was an alias to " +"``_PyRuntime.getframe``. They were only exposed by the internal C API. " +"Remove also ``PyThreadFrameGetter`` type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25000 +msgid "" +":issue:`39947`: Add :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetFrame` function: get the " +"current frame of a Python thread state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25003 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: Add _PyArg_NoKwnames helper function. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25005 +msgid "" +":issue:`39947`: Add :c:func:`PyThreadState_GetInterpreter`: get the " +"interpreter of a Python thread state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25008 +msgid "" +":issue:`39947`: Add :c:func:`PyInterpreterState_Get` function to the limited" +" C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25011 +msgid "" +":issue:`35370`: If :c:func:`PySys_Audit` fails in " +":c:func:`PyEval_SetProfile` or :c:func:`PyEval_SetTrace`, log the error as " +"an unraisable exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25014 +msgid "" +":issue:`39947`: Move the static inline function flavor of " +"Py_EnterRecursiveCall() and Py_LeaveRecursiveCall() to the internal C API: " +"they access PyThreadState attributes. The limited C API provides regular " +"functions which hide implementation details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25019 +msgid "" +":issue:`39947`: Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN_CONDITION and Py_TRASHCAN_END macro no " +"longer access PyThreadState attributes, but call new private " +"_PyTrash_begin() and _PyTrash_end() functions which hide implementation " +"details." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25023 +msgid "" +":issue:`39884`: :c:func:`PyDescr_NewMethod` and :c:func:`PyCFunction_NewEx` " +"now include the method name in the SystemError \"bad call flags\" error " +"message to ease debug." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25027 +msgid "" +":issue:`39877`: Deprecated :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` and " +":c:func:`!PyEval_ThreadsInitialized`. Calling :c:func:`!PyEval_InitThreads` " +"now does nothing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25031 +msgid "" +":issue:`38249`: :c:macro:`Py_UNREACHABLE` is now implemented with " +"``__builtin_unreachable()`` and analogs in release mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25034 +msgid "" +":issue:`38643`: :c:func:`PyNumber_ToBase` now raises a :exc:`SystemError` " +"instead of crashing when called with invalid base." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25037 +msgid "" +":issue:`39882`: The :c:func:`Py_FatalError` function is replaced with a " +"macro which logs automatically the name of the current function, unless the " +"``Py_LIMITED_API`` macro is defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25041 +msgid "" +":issue:`39824`: Extension modules: :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_traverse`, " +":c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_clear` and :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_free` " +"functions of :c:type:`PyModuleDef` are no longer called if the module state " +"was requested but is not allocated yet. This is the case immediately after " +"the module is created and before the module is executed " +"(:c:data:`Py_mod_exec` function). More precisely, these functions are not " +"called if :c:member:`~PyModuleDef.m_size` is greater than 0 and the module " +"state (as returned by :c:func:`PyModule_GetState`) is ``NULL``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25050 +msgid "" +"Extension modules without module state (``m_size <= 0``) are not affected." +msgstr "没有模块状态的扩展模块 (``m_size <= 0``) 不会受到影响。" + +#: ../NEWS:25052 +msgid "" +":issue:`38913`: Fixed segfault in ``Py_BuildValue()`` called with a format " +"containing \"#\" and undefined PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN whwn an exception is set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25055 +msgid "" +":issue:`38500`: Add a private API to get and set the frame evaluation " +"function: add :c:func:`_PyInterpreterState_GetEvalFrameFunc` and " +":c:func:`_PyInterpreterState_SetEvalFrameFunc` C functions. The " +":c:type:`_PyFrameEvalFunction` function type now takes a *tstate* parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25063 +msgid "Python 3.9.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25065 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-02-25*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2020-02-25*" + +#: ../NEWS:25070 +msgid "" +":issue:`39184`: Add audit events to functions in ``fcntl``, ``msvcrt``, " +"``os``, ``resource``, ``shutil``, ``signal`` and ``syslog``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25073 +msgid "" +":issue:`39401`: Avoid unsafe DLL load at startup on Windows 7 and earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25075 +msgid "" +":issue:`39184`: Add audit events to command execution functions in os and " +"pty modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25081 +msgid "" +":issue:`39382`: Fix a use-after-free in the single inheritance path of " +"``issubclass()``, when the ``__bases__`` of an object has a single " +"reference, and so does its first item. Patch by Yonatan Goldschmidt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25085 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Update clinic tool to use :c:func:`Py_IS_TYPE`. Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25088 +msgid ":issue:`39619`: Enable use of :func:`os.chroot` on HP-UX systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25090 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Add :c:func:`Py_IS_TYPE` static inline function to check " +"whether the object *o* type is *type*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25093 +msgid "" +":issue:`39606`: Fix regression caused by fix for :issue:`39386`, that " +"prevented calling ``aclose`` on an async generator that had already been " +"closed or exhausted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25097 +msgid "" +":issue:`39579`: Change the ending column offset of ``Attribute`` nodes " +"constructed in ``ast_for_dotted_name`` to point at the end of the current " +"node and not at the end of the last ``NAME`` node." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25101 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _crypt extension module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25104 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _contextvars extension module to multiphase " +"initialization (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25107 +msgid "" +":issue:`39510`: Fix segfault in ``readinto()`` method on closed " +"BufferedReader." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25109 +msgid "" +":issue:`39502`: Fix :func:`time.localtime` on 64-bit AIX to support years " +"before 1902 and after 2038. Patch by M Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25112 +msgid "" +":issue:`39492`: Fix a reference cycle in the C Pickler that was preventing " +"the garbage collection of deleted, pickled objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25115 +msgid "" +":issue:`39453`: Fixed a possible crash in :meth:`list.__contains__` when a " +"list is changed during comparing items. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25118 +msgid "" +":issue:`39434`: :term:`floor division` of float operation now has a better " +"performance. Also the message of :exc:`ZeroDivisionError` for this operation" +" is updated. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25122 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _codecs extension module to multiphase initialization" +" (:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25125 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _bz2 extension module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25128 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _abc extension module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25131 +msgid "" +":issue:`39320`: Replace two complex bytecodes for building dicts with two " +"simpler ones. The new bytecodes ``DICT_MERGE`` and ``DICT_UPDATE`` have been" +" added The old bytecodes ``BUILD_MAP_UNPACK`` and " +"``BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL`` have been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25136 +msgid "" +":issue:`39219`: Syntax errors raised in the tokenizer now always set correct" +" \"text\" and \"offset\" attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25139 +msgid "" +":issue:`36051`: Drop the GIL during large ``bytes.join`` operations. Patch " +"by Bruce Merry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25142 +msgid "" +":issue:`38960`: Fix DTrace build issues on FreeBSD. Patch by David Carlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25144 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: Speed up calls to ``range()`` by about 30%, by using the PEP" +" 590 ``vectorcall`` calling convention. Patch by Mark Shannon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25147 +msgid "" +":issue:`36144`: :class:`dict` (and :class:`collections.UserDict`) objects " +"now support PEP 584's merge (``|``) and update (``|=``) operators. Patch by " +"Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25151 +msgid "" +":issue:`32856`: Optimized the idiom for assignment a temporary variable in " +"comprehensions. Now ``for y in [expr]`` in comprehensions is as fast as a " +"simple assignment ``y = expr``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25158 +msgid "" +":issue:`30566`: Fix :exc:`IndexError` when trying to decode an invalid " +"string with punycode codec." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25161 +msgid "" +":issue:`39649`: Remove obsolete check for ``__args__`` in " +"``bdb.Bdb.format_stack_entry``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25164 +msgid "" +":issue:`39648`: Expanded :func:`math.gcd` and :func:`math.lcm` to handle " +"multiple arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25167 +msgid "" +":issue:`39681`: Fix a regression where the C pickle module wouldn't allow " +"unpickling from a file-like object that doesn't expose a readinto() method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25171 +msgid "" +":issue:`35950`: Raise :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation` in " +":meth:`io.BufferedReader.truncate` when it is called on a read-only " +":class:`io.BufferedReader` instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25175 +msgid ":issue:`39479`: Add :func:`math.lcm` function: least common multiple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25177 +msgid "" +":issue:`39674`: Revert \"Do not expose abstract collection classes in the " +"collections module\" change (:issue:`25988`). Aliases to ABC like " +"collections.Mapping are kept in Python 3.9 to ease transition from Python " +"2.7, but will be removed in Python 3.10." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25182 +msgid "" +":issue:`39104`: Fix hanging ProcessPoolExcutor on ``shutdown(wait=False)`` " +"when a task has failed pickling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25185 +msgid ":issue:`39627`: Fixed TypedDict totality check for inherited keys." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25187 +msgid "" +":issue:`39474`: Fixed starting position of AST for expressions like " +"``(a)(b)``, ``(a)[b]`` and ``(a).b``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25190 +msgid "" +":issue:`21016`: The :mod:`pydoc` and :mod:`trace` modules now use the " +":mod:`sysconfig` module to get the path to the Python standard library, to " +"support uncommon installation path like ``/usr/lib64/python3.9/`` on Fedora." +" Patch by Jan Matějek." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25195 +msgid "" +":issue:`39590`: Collections.deque now holds strong references during " +"deque.__contains__ and deque.count, fixing crashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25198 +msgid "" +":issue:`39586`: The distutils ``bdist_msi`` command is deprecated in Python " +"3.9, use ``bdist_wheel`` (wheel packages) instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25201 +msgid "" +":issue:`39595`: Improved performance of zipfile.Path for files with a large " +"number of entries. Also improved performance and fixed minor issue as " +"published with `importlib_metadata 1.5 `_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25206 +msgid "" +":issue:`39350`: Fix regression in :class:`fractions.Fraction` if the " +"numerator and/or the denominator is an :class:`int` subclass. The " +":func:`math.gcd` function is now used to normalize the *numerator* and " +"*denominator*. :func:`math.gcd` always return a :class:`int` type. " +"Previously, the GCD type depended on *numerator* and *denominator*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25212 +msgid "" +":issue:`39567`: Added audit for :func:`os.walk`, :func:`os.fwalk`, " +":meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and :meth:`pathlib.Path.rglob`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25215 +msgid "" +":issue:`39559`: Remove unused, undocumented argument ``getters`` from " +":func:`uuid.getnode`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25218 +msgid "" +":issue:`38149`: :func:`sys.audit` is now called only once per call of " +":func:`glob.glob` and :func:`glob.iglob`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25221 +msgid "" +":issue:`39546`: Fix a regression in :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser` where " +"``allow_abbrev=False`` was ignored for long options that used a prefix " +"character other than \"-\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25225 +msgid "" +":issue:`39450`: Striped whitespace from docstring before returning it from " +":func:`unittest.case.shortDescription`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25228 +msgid "" +":issue:`12915`: A new function ``resolve_name`` has been added to the " +"``pkgutil`` module. This resolves a string of the form ``'a.b.c.d'`` or " +"``'a.b:c.d'`` to an object. In the example, ``a.b`` is a package/module and " +"``c.d`` is an object within that package/module reached via recursive " +"attribute access." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25234 +msgid "" +":issue:`39353`: The :func:`binascii.crc_hqx` function is no longer " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25236 +msgid ":issue:`39493`: Mark ``typing.IO.closed`` as a property" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25238 +msgid "" +":issue:`39491`: Add :data:`typing.Annotated` and ``include_extras`` " +"parameter to :func:`typing.get_type_hints` as part of :pep:`593`. Patch by " +"Till Varoquaux, documentation by Till Varoquaux and Konstantin Kashin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25242 +msgid "" +":issue:`39485`: Fix a bug in :func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec` that " +"would complain about the wrong number of arguments for custom descriptors " +"defined in an extension module returning functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25246 +msgid "" +":issue:`38932`: Mock fully resets child objects on reset_mock(). Patch by " +"Vegard Stikbakke" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25249 +msgid "" +":issue:`39082`: Allow AsyncMock to correctly patch static/class methods" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25251 +msgid "" +":issue:`39432`: Implement PEP-489 algorithm for non-ascii \"PyInit\\_...\" " +"symbol names in distutils to make it export the correct init symbol also on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25255 +msgid "" +":issue:`18819`: Omit ``devmajor`` and ``devminor`` fields for non-device " +"files in :mod:`tarfile` archives, enabling bit-for-bit compatibility with " +"GNU ``tar(1)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25259 +msgid "" +":issue:`39349`: Added a new *cancel_futures* parameter to " +":meth:`concurrent.futures.Executor.shutdown` that cancels all pending " +"futures which have not started running, instead of waiting for them to " +"complete before shutting down the executor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25264 +msgid "" +":issue:`39274`: ``bool(fraction.Fraction)`` now returns a boolean even if " +"(numerator != 0) does not return a boolean (ex: numpy number)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25267 +msgid "" +":issue:`34793`: Remove support for ``with (await asyncio.lock):`` and ``with" +" (yield from asyncio.lock):``. The same is correct for " +"``asyncio.Condition`` and ``asyncio.Semaphore``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25271 +msgid "" +":issue:`25597`: Ensure, if ``wraps`` is supplied to " +":class:`unittest.mock.MagicMock`, it is used to calculate return values for " +"the magic methods instead of using the default return values. Patch by " +"Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25276 +msgid "" +":issue:`36350`: ``inspect.Signature.parameters`` and " +"``inspect.BoundArguments.arguments`` are now dicts instead of OrderedDicts. " +"Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25280 +msgid "" +":issue:`35727`: Fix sys.exit() and sys.exit(None) exit code propagation when" +" used in multiprocessing.Process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25283 +msgid "" +":issue:`32173`: * Add ``lazycache`` function to ``__all__``. * Use " +"``dict.clear`` to clear the cache. * Refactoring ``getline`` function and " +"``checkcache`` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25290 +msgid "" +":issue:`17422`: The language reference now specifies restrictions on class " +"namespaces. Adapted from a patch by Ethan Furman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25293 +msgid "" +":issue:`39572`: Updated documentation of ``total`` flag of ``TypedDict``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25295 +msgid "" +":issue:`39654`: In pyclbr doc, update 'class' to 'module' where appropriate " +"and add readmodule comment. Patch by Hakan Çelik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25298 +msgid "" +":issue:`39153`: Clarify refcounting semantics for the following functions: -" +" PyObject_SetItem - PyMapping_SetItemString - PyDict_SetItem - " +"PyDict_SetItemString" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25302 +msgid "" +":issue:`39392`: Explain that when filling with turtle, overlap regions may " +"be left unfilled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25305 +msgid "" +":issue:`39369`: Update mmap readline method description. The fact that the " +"readline method does update the file position should not be ignored since " +"this might give the impression for the programmer that it doesn't update it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25310 +msgid ":issue:`9056`: Include subsection in TOC for PDF version of docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25315 +msgid ":issue:`38325`: Skip tests on non-BMP characters of test_winconsoleio." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25317 +msgid "" +":issue:`39502`: Skip test_zipfile.test_add_file_after_2107() if " +":func:`time.localtime` fails with :exc:`OverflowError`. It is the case on " +"AIX 6.1 for example." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25324 +msgid ":issue:`39489`: Remove ``COUNT_ALLOCS`` special build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25329 +msgid ":issue:`39553`: Delete unused code related to SxS manifests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25331 +msgid "" +":issue:`39439`: Honor the Python path when a virtualenv is active on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25333 +msgid "" +":issue:`39393`: Improve the error message when attempting to load a DLL with" +" unresolved dependencies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25336 +msgid "" +":issue:`38883`: :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home` and " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser` on Windows now prefer :envvar:`USERPROFILE`" +" and no longer use :envvar:`HOME`, which is not normally set for regular " +"user accounts. This makes them again behave like :func:`os.path.expanduser`," +" which was changed to ignore :envvar:`HOME` in 3.8, see :issue:`36264`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25342 +msgid "" +":issue:`39185`: The build.bat script has additional options for very-quiet " +"output (-q) and very-verbose output (-vv)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25348 +msgid ":issue:`39663`: Add tests for pyparse find_good_parse_start()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25350 +msgid "" +":issue:`39600`: In the font configuration window, remove duplicated font " +"names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25352 +msgid "" +":issue:`30780`: Add remaining configdialog tests for buttons and highlights " +"and keys tabs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25355 +msgid "" +":issue:`39388`: IDLE Settings Cancel button now cancels pending changes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25357 +msgid "" +":issue:`38792`: Close an IDLE shell calltip if a :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` or" +" shell restart occurs. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25363 +msgid "" +":issue:`35081`: Move the ``bytes_methods.h`` header file to the internal C " +"API as ``pycore_bytes_methods.h``: it only contains private symbols " +"(prefixed by ``_Py``), except of the ``PyDoc_STRVAR_shared()`` macro." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25367 +msgid "" +":issue:`35081`: Move the ``dtoa.h`` header file to the internal C API as " +"``pycore_dtoa.h``: it only contains private functions (prefixed by ``_Py``)." +" The :mod:`math` and :mod:`cmath` modules must now be compiled with the " +"``Py_BUILD_CORE`` macro defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25372 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Add :c:func:`Py_SET_SIZE` function to set the size of an " +"object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25375 +msgid "" +":issue:`39500`: :c:func:`PyUnicode_IsIdentifier` does not call " +":c:func:`Py_FatalError` anymore if the string is not ready." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25378 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Add :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE` function to set the type of an " +"object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25381 +msgid "" +":issue:`39573`: Add a :c:func:`Py_SET_REFCNT` function to set the reference " +"counter of an object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25384 +msgid "" +":issue:`39542`: Convert :c:func:`PyType_HasFeature`, :c:func:`PyType_Check` " +"and :c:func:`PyType_CheckExact` macros to static inline functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25387 +msgid "" +":issue:`39542`: In the limited C API, ``PyObject_INIT()`` and " +"``PyObject_INIT_VAR()`` are now defined as aliases to " +":c:func:`PyObject_Init` and :c:func:`PyObject_InitVar` to make their " +"implementation opaque. It avoids to leak implementation details in the " +"limited C API. Exclude the following functions from the limited C API: " +"``_Py_NewReference()``, ``_Py_ForgetReference()``, " +"``_PyTraceMalloc_NewReference()`` and ``_Py_GetRefTotal()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25395 +msgid "" +":issue:`39542`: Exclude trashcan mechanism from the limited C API: it " +"requires access to PyTypeObject and PyThreadState structure fields, whereas " +"these structures are opaque in the limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25399 +msgid "" +":issue:`39511`: The :c:func:`PyThreadState_Clear` function now calls the " +":c:member:`PyThreadState.on_delete` callback. Previously, that happened in " +":c:func:`PyThreadState_Delete`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25403 +msgid "" +":issue:`38076`: Fix to clear the interpreter state only after clearing " +"module globals to guarantee module state access from C Extensions during " +"runtime destruction" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25407 +msgid "" +":issue:`39245`: The Vectorcall API (PEP 590) was made public, adding the " +"functions ``PyObject_Vectorcall``, ``PyObject_VectorcallMethod``, " +"``PyVectorcall_Function``, ``PyObject_CallOneArg``, " +"``PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs``, ``PyObject_CallMethodOneArg``, " +"``PyObject_FastCallDict``, and the flag ``Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25415 +msgid "Python 3.9.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25417 +msgid "*Release date: 2020-01-24*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2020-01-24*" + +#: ../NEWS:25422 +msgid "" +":issue:`39427`: Document all possibilities for the ``-X`` options in the " +"command line help section. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25425 +msgid "" +":issue:`39421`: Fix possible crashes when operating with the functions in " +"the :mod:`heapq` module and custom comparison operators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25428 +msgid ":issue:`39386`: Prevent double awaiting of async iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25430 +msgid "" +":issue:`17005`: Add :class:`functools.TopologicalSorter` to the " +":mod:`functools` module to offers functionality to perform topological " +"sorting of graphs. Patch by Pablo Galindo, Tim Peters and Larry Hastings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25434 +msgid "" +":issue:`39320`: Replace four complex bytecodes for building sequences with " +"three simpler ones." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25437 +msgid "The following four bytecodes have been removed:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25439 +msgid "BUILD_LIST_UNPACK" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25440 +msgid "BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25441 +msgid "BUILD_SET_UNPACK" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25442 +msgid "BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK_WITH_CALL" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25444 +msgid "The following three bytecodes have been added:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25446 +msgid "LIST_TO_TUPLE" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25447 +msgid "LIST_EXTEND" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25448 +msgid "SET_UPDATE" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25450 +msgid "" +":issue:`39336`: Import loaders which publish immutable module objects can " +"now publish immutable packages in addition to individual modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25453 +msgid "" +":issue:`39322`: Added a new function :func:`gc.is_finalized` to check if an " +"object has been finalized by the garbage collector. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25457 +msgid "" +":issue:`39048`: Improve the displayed error message when incorrect types are" +" passed to ``async with`` statements by looking up the :meth:`__aenter__` " +"special method before the :meth:`__aexit__` special method when entering an " +"asynchronous context manager. Patch by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25462 +msgid "" +":issue:`39235`: Fix AST end location for lone generator expression in " +"function call, e.g. f(i for i in a)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25465 +msgid "" +":issue:`39209`: Correctly handle multi-line tokens in interactive mode. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25468 +msgid "" +":issue:`1635741`: Port _json extension module to multiphase initialization " +"(:pep:`489`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25471 +msgid "" +":issue:`39216`: Fix constant folding optimization for positional only " +"arguments - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25474 +msgid "" +":issue:`39215`: Fix ``SystemError`` when nested function has annotation on " +"positional-only argument - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25477 +msgid "" +":issue:`39200`: Correct the error message when calling the :func:`min` or " +":func:`max` with no arguments. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25480 +msgid "" +":issue:`39200`: Correct the error message when trying to construct " +":class:`range` objects with no arguments. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25483 +msgid "" +":issue:`39166`: Fix incorrect line execution reporting in trace functions " +"when tracing the last iteration of asynchronous for loops. Patch by Pablo " +"Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25487 +msgid "" +":issue:`39114`: Fix incorrect line execution reporting in trace functions " +"when tracing exception handlers with name binding. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25490 +msgid "" +":issue:`39156`: Split the COMPARE_OP bytecode instruction into four distinct" +" instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25493 +msgid "COMPARE_OP for rich comparisons" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25494 +msgid "IS_OP for 'is' and 'is not' tests" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25495 +msgid "CONTAINS_OP for 'in' and 'is not' tests" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25496 +msgid "" +"JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH for checking exceptions in 'try-except' statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25498 +msgid "" +"This improves the clarity of the interpreter and should provide a modest " +"speedup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25501 +msgid "" +":issue:`38588`: Fix possible crashes in dict and list when calling " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25504 +msgid "" +":issue:`13601`: By default, ``sys.stderr`` is line-buffered now, even if " +"``stderr`` is redirected to a file. You can still make ``sys.stderr`` " +"unbuffered by passing the :option:`-u` command-line option or setting the " +":envvar:`PYTHONUNBUFFERED` environment variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25509 +msgid "(Contributed by Jendrik Seipp in :issue:`13601`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25511 +msgid "" +":issue:`38610`: Fix possible crashes in several list methods by holding " +"strong references to list elements when calling " +":c:func:`PyObject_RichCompareBool`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25515 +msgid ":issue:`32021`: Include brotli .br encoding in mimetypes encodings_map" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25520 +msgid "" +":issue:`39430`: Fixed race condition in lazy imports in :mod:`tarfile`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25522 +msgid "" +":issue:`39413`: The :func:`os.unsetenv` function is now also available on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25525 +msgid "" +":issue:`39390`: Fixed a regression with the ``ignore`` callback of " +":func:`shutil.copytree`. The argument types are now ``str`` and " +"``List[str]`` again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25529 +msgid "" +":issue:`39395`: The :func:`os.putenv` and :func:`os.unsetenv` functions are " +"now always available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25532 +msgid "" +":issue:`39406`: If ``setenv()`` C function is available, :func:`os.putenv` " +"is now implemented with ``setenv()`` instead of ``putenv()``, so Python " +"doesn't have to handle the environment variable memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25536 +msgid ":issue:`39396`: Fix ``math.nextafter(-0.0, +0.0)`` on AIX 7.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25538 +msgid "" +":issue:`29435`: Allow :func:`tarfile.is_tarfile` to be used with file and " +"file-like objects, like :func:`zipfile.is_zipfile`. Patch by William " +"Woodruff." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25542 +msgid "" +":issue:`39377`: Removed ``encoding`` option from :func:`json.loads`. It has" +" been deprecated since Python 3.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25545 +msgid "" +":issue:`39389`: Write accurate compression level metadata in :mod:`gzip` " +"archives, rather than always signaling maximum compression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25548 +msgid "" +":issue:`39366`: The previously deprecated ``xpath()`` and ``xgtitle()`` " +"methods of :class:`!nntplib.NNTP` have been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25551 +msgid "" +":issue:`39357`: Remove the *buffering* parameter of :class:`bz2.BZ2File`. " +"Since Python 3.0, it was ignored and using it was emitting " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Pass an open file object, to control how the file" +" is opened. The *compresslevel* parameter becomes keyword-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25556 +msgid "" +":issue:`39353`: Deprecate binhex4 and hexbin4 standards. Deprecate the " +":mod:`binhex` module and the following :mod:`binascii` functions: " +":func:`~binascii.b2a_hqx`, :func:`~binascii.a2b_hqx`, " +":func:`~binascii.rlecode_hqx`, :func:`~binascii.rledecode_hqx`, " +":func:`~binascii.crc_hqx`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25562 +msgid "" +":issue:`39351`: Remove ``base64.encodestring()`` and " +"``base64.decodestring()``, aliases deprecated since Python 3.1: use " +":func:`base64.encodebytes` and :func:`base64.decodebytes` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25566 +msgid "" +":issue:`39350`: Remove ``fractions.gcd()`` function, deprecated since Python" +" 3.5 (:issue:`22486`): use :func:`math.gcd` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25569 +msgid "" +":issue:`39329`: :class:`~smtplib.LMTP` constructor now has an optional " +"*timeout* parameter. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25572 +msgid "" +":issue:`39313`: Add a new ``exec_function`` option (*--exec-function* in the" +" CLI) to ``RefactoringTool`` for making ``exec`` a function. Patch by " +"Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25576 +msgid "" +":issue:`39259`: :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` and :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` now " +"raise a :class:`ValueError` if the given timeout for their constructor is " +"zero to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25580 +msgid "" +":issue:`39259`: :class:`~smtplib.SMTP` and :class:`~smtplib.SMTP_SSL` now " +"raise a :class:`ValueError` if the given timeout for their constructor is " +"zero to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25584 +msgid "" +":issue:`39310`: Add :func:`math.ulp`: return the value of the least " +"significant bit of a float." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25587 +msgid "" +":issue:`39297`: Improved performance of importlib.metadata distribution " +"discovery and resilients to inaccessible sys.path entries " +"(importlib_metadata v1.4.0)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25591 +msgid "" +":issue:`39259`: :class:`!NNTP` and :class:`!NNTP_SSL` now raise a " +":class:`ValueError` if the given timeout for their constructor is zero to " +"prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25595 +msgid "" +":issue:`38901`: When you specify prompt='.' or equivalently python -m venv " +"--prompt . ... the basename of the current directory is used to set the " +"created venv's prompt when it's activated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25599 +msgid "" +":issue:`39288`: Add :func:`math.nextafter`: return the next floating-point " +"value after *x* towards *y*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25602 +msgid "" +":issue:`39259`: :class:`~poplib.POP3` and :class:`~poplib.POP3_SSL` now " +"raise a :class:`ValueError` if the given timeout for their constructor is " +"zero to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25606 +msgid "" +":issue:`39242`: Updated the Gmane domain from news.gmane.org to " +"news.gmane.io which is used for examples of :class:`!NNTP` news reader " +"server and nntplib tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25610 +msgid "" +":issue:`35292`: Proxy the ``SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.guess_type`` to " +"``mimetypes.guess_type`` so the ``mimetypes.init`` is called lazily to avoid" +" unnecessary costs when :mod:`http.server` module is imported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25614 +msgid "" +":issue:`39239`: The :meth:`select.epoll.unregister` method no longer ignores" +" the :data:`~errno.EBADF` error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25617 +msgid "" +":issue:`38907`: In http.server script, restore binding to IPv4 on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25619 +msgid "" +":issue:`39152`: Fix ttk.Scale.configure([name]) to return configuration " +"tuple for name or all options. Giovanni Lombardo contributed part of the " +"patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25622 +msgid "" +":issue:`39198`: If an exception were to be thrown in ``Logger.isEnabledFor``" +" (say, by asyncio timeouts or stopit) , the ``logging`` global lock may not " +"be released appropriately, resulting in deadlock. This change wraps that " +"block of code with ``try...finally`` to ensure the lock is released." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25627 +msgid "" +":issue:`39191`: Perform a check for running loop before starting a new task " +"in ``loop.run_until_complete()`` to fail fast; it prevents the side effect " +"of new task spawning before exception raising." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25631 +msgid "" +":issue:`38871`: Correctly parenthesize filter-based statements that contain " +"lambda expressions in :mod:`!lib2to3`. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25634 +msgid "" +":issue:`39142`: A change was made to logging.config.dictConfig to avoid " +"converting instances of named tuples to ConvertingTuple. It's assumed that " +"named tuples are too specialised to be treated like ordinary tuples; if a " +"user of named tuples requires ConvertingTuple functionality, they will have " +"to implement that themselves in their named tuple class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25640 +msgid ":issue:`39158`: ast.literal_eval() now supports empty sets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25642 +msgid ":issue:`39129`: Fix import path for ``asyncio.TimeoutError``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25644 +msgid "" +":issue:`39057`: :func:`urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment` now ignores " +"leading dots and no longer ignores a trailing newline." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25647 +msgid "" +":issue:`39056`: Fixed handling invalid warning category in the -W option. " +"No longer import the re module if it is not needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25650 +msgid "" +":issue:`39055`: :func:`base64.b64decode` with ``validate=True`` raises now a" +" binascii.Error if the input ends with a single ``\\n``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25653 +msgid "" +":issue:`21600`: Fix :func:`mock.patch.stopall` to stop active patches that " +"were created with :func:`mock.patch.dict`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25656 +msgid "" +":issue:`39019`: Implement dummy ``__class_getitem__`` for " +":class:`tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25659 +msgid "" +":issue:`39019`: Implement dummy ``__class_getitem__`` for " +"``subprocess.Popen``, ``subprocess.CompletedProcess``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25662 +msgid "" +":issue:`38914`: Adjusted the wording of the warning issued by distutils' " +"``check`` command when the ``author`` and ``maintainer`` fields are supplied" +" but no corresponding e-mail field (``author_email`` or " +"``maintainer_email``) is found. The wording now reflects the fact that these" +" fields are suggested, but not required. Patch by Juergen Gmach." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25668 +msgid "" +":issue:`38878`: Fixed __subclasshook__ of :class:`os.PathLike` to return a " +"correct result upon inheritance. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25671 +msgid "" +":issue:`38615`: :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4` and :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` now " +"have an optional *timeout* parameter for their constructors. Also, the " +":meth:`~imaplib.IMAP4.open` method now has an optional *timeout* parameter " +"with this change. The overridden methods of :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` and " +":class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_stream` were applied to this change. Patch by Donghee" +" Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25678 +msgid "" +":issue:`35182`: Fixed :func:`Popen.communicate` subsequent call crash when " +"the child process has already closed any piped standard stream, but still " +"continues to be running. Patch by Andriy Maletsky." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25682 +msgid "" +":issue:`38630`: On Unix, :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal` now polls the " +"process status. Polling reduces the risk of sending a signal to the wrong " +"process if the process completed, the :attr:`subprocess.Popen.returncode` " +"attribute is still ``None``, and the pid has been reassigned (recycled) to a" +" new different process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25688 +msgid "" +":issue:`38536`: Removes trailing space in formatted currency with " +"``international=True`` and a locale with symbol following value. E.g. " +"``locale.currency(12.34, international=True)`` returned ``'12,34 EUR '`` " +"instead of ``'12,34 EUR'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25693 +msgid "" +":issue:`38473`: Use signature from inner mock for autospecced methods " +"attached with :func:`unittest.mock.attach_mock`. Patch by Karthikeyan " +"Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25696 +msgid "" +":issue:`38361`: Fixed an issue where ``ident`` could include a leading path " +"separator when :func:`syslog.openlog` was called without arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25699 +msgid "" +":issue:`38293`: Add :func:`copy.copy` and :func:`copy.deepcopy` support to " +":func:`property` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25702 +msgid "" +":issue:`37958`: Added the pstats.Stats.get_profile_dict() method to return " +"the profile data as a StatsProfile instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25705 +msgid "" +":issue:`28367`: Termios magic constants for the following baud rates: - " +"B500000 - B576000 - B921600 - B1000000 - B1152000 - B1500000 - " +"B2000000 - B2500000 - B3000000 - B3500000 - B4000000 Patch by Andrey" +" Smirnov" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25713 +msgid "" +":issue:`39381`: Mention in docs that :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop` " +"implicitly creates new event loop only if called from the main thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25716 +msgid "" +":issue:`38918`: Add an entry for ``__module__`` in the \"function\" & " +"\"method\" sections of the :mod:`inspect` docs' :ref:`inspect-types` table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25719 +msgid "" +":issue:`3530`: In the :mod:`ast` module documentation, fix a misleading " +"``NodeTransformer`` example and add advice on when to use the " +"``fix_missing_locations`` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25726 +msgid "" +":issue:`39395`: On non-Windows platforms, the :c:func:`setenv` and " +":c:func:`unsetenv` functions are now required to build Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25729 +msgid "" +":issue:`39160`: Updated the documentation in ``./configure --help`` to show " +"default values, reference documentation where required and add additional " +"explanation where needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25733 +msgid "" +":issue:`39144`: The ctags and etags build targets both include " +"Modules/_ctypes and Python standard library source files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25739 +msgid ":issue:`39050`: Make IDLE Settings dialog Help button work again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25741 +msgid "" +":issue:`34118`: Tag memoryview, range, and tuple as classes, the same as " +"list, etcetera, in the library manual built-in functions list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25744 +msgid "" +":issue:`32989`: Add tests for editor newline_and_indent_event method. Remove" +" dead code from pyparse find_good_parse_start method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25750 +msgid "" +":issue:`39372`: Clean header files of interfaces defined but with no " +"implementation. The public API symbols being removed are: " +"``_PyBytes_InsertThousandsGroupingLocale``, " +"``_PyBytes_InsertThousandsGrouping``, ``_Py_InitializeFromArgs``, " +"``_Py_InitializeFromWideArgs``, ``_PyFloat_Repr``, ``_PyFloat_Digits``, " +"``_PyFloat_DigitsInit``, ``PyFrame_ExtendStack``, ``_PyAIterWrapper_Type``, " +"``PyNullImporter_Type``, ``PyCmpWrapper_Type``, ``PySortWrapper_Type``, " +"``PyNoArgsFunction``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25759 +msgid "" +":issue:`39164`: Add a private ``_PyErr_GetExcInfo()`` function to retrieve " +"exception information of the specified Python thread state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25764 +msgid "Python 3.9.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25766 +msgid "*Release date: 2019-12-18*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2019-12-18*" + +#: ../NEWS:25771 +msgid "" +":issue:`38945`: Newline characters have been escaped when performing uu " +"encoding to prevent them from overflowing into to content section of the " +"encoded file. This prevents malicious or accidental modification of data " +"during the decoding process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25776 +msgid "" +":issue:`37228`: Due to significant security concerns, the *reuse_address* " +"parameter of :meth:`asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint` is no longer " +"supported. This is because of the behavior of ``SO_REUSEADDR`` in UDP. For " +"more details, see the documentation for ``loop.create_datagram_endpoint()``." +" (Contributed by Kyle Stanley, Antoine Pitrou, and Yury Selivanov in " +":issue:`37228`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25783 +msgid "" +":issue:`38804`: Fixes a ReDoS vulnerability in :mod:`http.cookiejar`. Patch " +"by Ben Caller." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25789 +msgid "" +":issue:`39028`: Slightly improve the speed of keyword argument parsing with " +"many kwargs by strengthening the assumption that kwargs are interned " +"strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25793 +msgid "" +":issue:`39080`: Fix the value of *end_col_offset* for Starred Expression AST" +" nodes when they are among the elements in the *args* attribute of Call AST " +"nodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25797 +msgid "" +":issue:`39031`: When parsing an \"elif\" node, lineno and col_offset of the " +"node now point to the \"elif\" keyword and not to its condition, making it " +"consistent with the \"if\" node. Patch by Lysandros Nikolaou." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25801 +msgid "" +":issue:`20443`: In Python 3.9.0a1, sys.argv[0] was made an absolute path if " +"a filename was specified on the command line. Revert this change, since most" +" users expect sys.argv to be unmodified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25805 +msgid "" +":issue:`39008`: :c:func:`PySys_Audit` now requires ``Py_ssize_t`` to be used" +" for size arguments in the format string, regardless of whether " +"``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN`` was defined at include time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25809 +msgid "" +":issue:`38673`: In REPL mode, don't switch to PS2 if the line starts with " +"comment or whitespace. Based on work by Batuhan Taşkaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25812 +msgid "" +":issue:`38922`: Calling ``replace`` on a code object now raises the " +"``code.__new__`` audit event." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25815 +msgid "" +":issue:`38920`: Add audit hooks for when :func:`sys.excepthook` and " +":func:`sys.unraisablehook` are invoked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25818 +msgid "" +":issue:`38892`: Improve documentation for audit events table and functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25820 +msgid "" +":issue:`38852`: Set the thread stack size to 8 Mb for debug builds on " +"android platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25823 +msgid "" +":issue:`38858`: Each Python subinterpreter now has its own \"small integer " +"singletons\": numbers in [-5; 257] range. It is no longer possible to change" +" the number of small integers at build time by overriding ``NSMALLNEGINTS`` " +"and ``NSMALLPOSINTS`` macros: macros should now be modified manually in " +"``pycore_pystate.h`` header file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25829 +msgid "" +":issue:`36854`: The garbage collector state becomes per interpreter " +"(``PyInterpreterState.gc``), rather than being global " +"(``_PyRuntimeState.gc``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25833 +msgid "" +":issue:`38835`: The ``PyFPE_START_PROTECT()`` and ``PyFPE_END_PROTECT()`` " +"macros are empty: they have been doing nothing for the last year, so stop " +"using them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25837 +msgid "" +":issue:`38328`: Sped up the creation time of constant :class:`list` and " +":class:`set` displays. Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25840 +msgid "" +":issue:`38707`: ``MainThread.native_id`` is now correctly reset in child " +"processes spawned using :class:`multiprocessing.Process`, instead of " +"retaining the parent's value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25844 +msgid "" +":issue:`38629`: Added ``__floor__`` and ``__ceil__`` methods to float " +"object. Patch by Batuhan Taşkaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25847 +msgid "" +":issue:`27145`: int + int and int - int operators can now return small " +"integer singletons. Patch by hongweipeng." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25850 +msgid "" +":issue:`38021`: Provide a platform tag for AIX that is sufficient for PEP425" +" binary distribution identification. Patch by Michael Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25853 +msgid "" +":issue:`35409`: Ignore GeneratorExit exceptions when throwing an exception " +"into the aclose coroutine of an asynchronous generator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25856 +msgid "" +":issue:`33387`: Removed WITH_CLEANUP_START, WITH_CLEANUP_FINISH, " +"BEGIN_FINALLY, END_FINALLY, CALL_FINALLY and POP_FINALLY bytecodes. Replaced" +" with RERAISE and WITH_EXCEPT_START bytecodes. The compiler now generates " +"different code for exceptional and non-exceptional branches for 'with' and " +"'try-except' statements. For 'try-finally' statements the 'finally' block is" +" replicated for each exit from the 'try' body." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25866 +msgid "" +":issue:`39033`: Fix :exc:`NameError` in :mod:`zipimport`. Patch by " +"Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25869 +msgid "" +":issue:`39022`: Update importlib.metadata to include improvements from " +"importlib_metadata 1.3 including better serialization of EntryPoints and " +"improved documentation for custom finders." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25873 +msgid "" +":issue:`39006`: Fix asyncio when the ssl module is missing: only check for " +"ssl.SSLSocket instance if the ssl module is available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25876 +msgid "" +":issue:`38708`: Fix a potential IndexError in email parser when parsing an " +"empty msg-id." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25879 +msgid "" +":issue:`38698`: Add a new ``InvalidMessageID`` token to email parser to " +"represent invalid Message-ID headers. Also, add defects when there is " +"remaining value after parsing the header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25883 +msgid "" +":issue:`38994`: Implement ``__class_getitem__`` for ``os.PathLike``, " +"``pathlib.Path``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25886 +msgid "" +":issue:`38979`: Return class from ``ContextVar.__class_getitem__`` to " +"simplify subclassing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25889 +msgid "" +":issue:`38978`: Implement ``__class_getitem__`` on asyncio objects (Future, " +"Task, Queue). Patch by Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25892 +msgid "" +":issue:`38916`: :class:`array.array`: Remove ``tostring()`` and " +"``fromstring()`` methods. They were aliases to ``tobytes()`` and " +"``frombytes()``, deprecated since Python 3.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25896 +msgid "" +":issue:`38986`: Make repr of C accelerated TaskWakeupMethWrapper the same as" +" of pure Python version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25899 +msgid "" +":issue:`38982`: Fix asyncio ``PidfdChildWatcher``: handle ``waitpid()`` " +"error. If ``waitpid()`` is called elsewhere, ``waitpid()`` call fails with " +":exc:`ChildProcessError`: use return code 255 in this case, and log a " +"warning. It ensures that the pidfd file descriptor is closed if this error " +"occurs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25905 +msgid "" +":issue:`38529`: Drop too noisy asyncio warning about deletion of a stream " +"without explicit ``.close()`` call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25908 +msgid "" +":issue:`27413`: Added ability to pass through ``ensure_ascii`` options to " +"json.dumps in the ``json.tool`` command-line interface." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25911 +msgid "" +":issue:`38634`: The :mod:`readline` module now detects if Python is linked " +"to libedit at runtime on all platforms. Previously, the check was only done" +" on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25915 +msgid "" +":issue:`33684`: Fix ``json.tool`` failed to read a JSON file with non-ASCII " +"characters when locale encoding is not UTF-8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25918 +msgid "" +":issue:`38698`: Prevent UnboundLocalError to pop up in parse_message_id." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25920 +msgid "" +"parse_message_id() was improperly using a token defined inside an exception " +"handler, which was raising ``UnboundLocalError`` on parsing an invalid " +"value. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25924 +msgid "" +":issue:`38927`: Use ``python -m pip`` instead of ``pip`` to upgrade " +"dependencies in venv." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25927 +msgid "" +":issue:`26730`: Fix ``SpooledTemporaryFile.rollover()`` might corrupt the " +"file when it is in text mode. Patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25930 +msgid "" +":issue:`38881`: random.choices() now raises a ValueError when all the " +"weights are zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25933 +msgid "" +":issue:`38876`: Raise pickle.UnpicklingError when loading an item from memo " +"for invalid input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25936 +msgid "" +"The previous code was raising a ``KeyError`` for both the Python and C " +"implementation. This was caused by the specified index of an invalid input " +"which did not exist in the memo structure, where the pickle stores what " +"objects it has seen. The malformed input would have caused either a " +"``BINGET`` or ``LONG_BINGET`` load from the memo, leading to a ``KeyError`` " +"as the determined index was bogus. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25943 +msgid "" +":issue:`38688`: Calling func:``shutil.copytree`` to copy a directory tree " +"from one directory to another subdirectory resulted in an endless loop and a" +" RecursionError. A fix was added to consume an iterator and create the list " +"of the entries to be copied, avoiding the recursion for newly created " +"directories. Patch by Bruno P. Kinoshita." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25949 +msgid "" +":issue:`38863`: Improve :func:`is_cgi` function in :mod:`http.server`, which" +" enables processing the case that cgi directory is a child of another " +"directory other than root." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25953 +msgid "" +":issue:`37838`: :meth:`typing.get_type_hints` properly handles functions " +"decorated with :meth:`functools.wraps`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25956 +msgid "" +":issue:`38870`: Expose :func:`ast.unparse` as a function of the :mod:`ast` " +"module that can be used to unparse an :class:`ast.AST` object and produce a " +"string with code that would produce an equivalent :class:`ast.AST` object " +"when parsed. Patch by Pablo Galindo and Batuhan Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25961 +msgid "" +":issue:`38859`: AsyncMock now returns StopAsyncIteration on the exhaustion " +"of a side_effects iterable. Since PEP-479 its Impossible to raise a " +"StopIteration exception from a coroutine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25965 +msgid "" +":issue:`38857`: AsyncMock fix for return values that are awaitable types. " +"This also covers side_effect iterable values that happened to be awaitable, " +"and wraps callables that return an awaitable type. Before these awaitables " +"were being awaited instead of being returned as is." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25970 +msgid "" +":issue:`38834`: :class:`typing.TypedDict` subclasses now track which keys " +"are optional using the ``__required_keys__`` and ``__optional_keys__`` " +"attributes, to enable runtime validation by downstream projects. Patch by " +"Zac Hatfield-Dodds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25975 +msgid "" +":issue:`38821`: Fix unhandled exceptions in :mod:`argparse` when " +"internationalizing error messages for arguments with ``nargs`` set to " +"special (non-integer) values. Patch by Federico Bond." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25979 +msgid "" +":issue:`38820`: Make Python compatible with OpenSSL 3.0.0. " +":func:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert` no longer returns IPv6 addresses with a " +"trailing new line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25983 +msgid "" +":issue:`38811`: Fix an unhandled exception in :mod:`pathlib` when " +":meth:`os.link` is missing. Patch by Toke Høiland-Jørgensen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25986 +msgid "" +":issue:`38686`: Added support for multiple ``qop`` values in " +":class:`urllib.request.AbstractDigestAuthHandler`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25989 +msgid "" +":issue:`38712`: Add the Linux-specific :func:`signal.pidfd_send_signal` " +"function, which allows sending a signal to a process identified by a file " +"descriptor rather than a pid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25993 +msgid "" +":issue:`38348`: Add ``-i`` and ``--indent`` (indentation level), and ``--no-" +"type-comments`` (type comments) command line options to ast parsing tool." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:25997 +msgid "" +":issue:`37523`: Change :class:`zipfile.ZipExtFile` to raise ``ValueError`` " +"when trying to access the underlying file object after it has been closed. " +"This new behavior is consistent with how accessing closed files is handled " +"in other parts of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26002 +msgid "" +":issue:`38045`: Improve the performance of :func:`enum._decompose` in " +":mod:`enum`. Patch by hongweipeng." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26005 +msgid "" +":issue:`36820`: Break cycle generated when saving an exception in socket.py," +" codeop.py and dyld.py as they keep alive not only the exception but user " +"objects through the ``__traceback__`` attribute. Patch by Mario Corchero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26009 +msgid "" +":issue:`36406`: Handle namespace packages in :mod:`doctest`. Patch by " +"Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26012 +msgid "" +":issue:`34776`: Fix dataclasses to support forward references in type " +"annotations" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26015 +msgid "" +":issue:`20928`: ElementTree supports recursive XInclude processing. Patch " +"by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26018 +msgid "" +":issue:`29636`: Add whitespace options for formatting JSON with the " +"``json.tool`` CLI. The following mutually exclusive options are now " +"supported: ``--indent`` for setting the indent level in spaces; ``--tab`` " +"for indenting with tabs; ``--no-indent`` for suppressing newlines; and " +"``--compact`` for suppressing all whitespace. The default behavior remains " +"the same as ``--indent=4``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26028 +msgid "" +":issue:`38928`: Correct when venv's ``upgrade_dependencies()`` and " +"``--upgrade-deps`` are added." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26031 +msgid "" +":issue:`38899`: Update documentation to state that to activate virtual " +"environments under fish one should use ``source``, not ``.`` as documented " +"at https://fishshell.com/docs/current/cmds/source.html." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26035 +msgid "" +":issue:`22377`: Improves documentation of the values that " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime` accepts for ``%Z``. Patch by Karl Dubost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26042 +msgid "" +":issue:`38546`: Fix test_ressources_gced_in_workers() of " +"test_concurrent_futures: explicitly stop the manager to prevent leaking a " +"child process running in the background after the test completes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26046 +msgid "" +":issue:`38546`: Multiprocessing and concurrent.futures tests now stop the " +"resource tracker process when tests complete." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26049 +msgid "" +":issue:`38614`: Replace hardcoded timeout constants in tests with new " +":mod:`test.support` constants: :data:`~test.support.LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT`, " +":data:`~test.support.INTERNET_TIMEOUT`, :data:`~test.support.SHORT_TIMEOUT` " +"and :data:`~test.support.LONG_TIMEOUT`. It becomes easier to adjust these " +"four timeout constants for all tests at once, rather than having to adjust " +"every single test file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26057 +msgid "" +":issue:`38547`: Fix test_pty: if the process is the session leader, closing " +"the master file descriptor raises a SIGHUP signal: simply ignore SIGHUP when" +" running the tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26061 +msgid "" +":issue:`38992`: Fix a test for :func:`math.fsum` that was failing due to " +"constant folding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26064 +msgid "" +":issue:`38991`: :mod:`test.support`: " +":func:`~test.support.run_python_until_end`, " +":func:`~test.support.assert_python_ok` and " +":func:`~test.support.assert_python_failure` functions no longer strip " +"whitespaces from stderr. Remove ``test.support.strip_python_stderr()`` " +"function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26071 +msgid "" +":issue:`38965`: Fix test_faulthandler on GCC 10. Use the \"volatile\" " +"keyword in ``faulthandler._stack_overflow()`` to prevent tail call " +"optimization on any compiler, rather than relying on compiler specific " +"pragma." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26075 +msgid "" +":issue:`38875`: test_capi: trashcan tests now require the test \"cpu\" " +"resource." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26077 +msgid "" +":issue:`38841`: Skip asyncio " +"test_create_datagram_endpoint_existing_sock_unix on platforms lacking a " +"functional bind() for named unix domain sockets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26080 +msgid "" +":issue:`38692`: Skip the test_posix.test_pidfd_open() test if " +"``os.pidfd_open()`` fails with a :exc:`PermissionError`. This situation can " +"happen in a Linux sandbox using a syscall whitelist which doesn't allow the " +"``pidfd_open()`` syscall yet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26085 +msgid "" +":issue:`38839`: Fix some unused functions in tests. Patch by Adam Johnson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26087 +msgid "" +":issue:`38669`: Raise :exc:`TypeError` when passing target as a string with " +":meth:`unittest.mock.patch.object`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26090 +msgid "" +":issue:`37957`: test.regrtest now can receive a list of test patterns to " +"ignore (using the -i/--ignore argument) or a file with a list of patterns to" +" ignore (using the --ignore-file argument). Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26097 +msgid "" +":issue:`37404`: :mod:`asyncio` now raises :exc:`TypeError` when calling " +"incompatible methods with an :class:`ssl.SSLSocket` socket. Patch by Ido " +"Michael." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26101 +msgid "" +":issue:`36500`: Added an optional \"regen\" project to the Visual Studio " +"solution that will regenerate all grammar, tokens, and opcodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26107 +msgid ":issue:`39007`: Add auditing events to functions in :mod:`winreg`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26109 +msgid "" +":issue:`33125`: Add support for building and releasing Windows ARM64 " +"packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26114 +msgid "" +":issue:`37931`: Fixed a crash on OSX dynamic builds that occurred when re-" +"initializing the posix module after a Py_Finalize if the environment had " +"changed since the previous ``import posix``. Patch by Benoît Hudson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26121 +msgid "" +":issue:`38944`: Escape key now closes IDLE completion windows. Patch by " +"Johnny Najera." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26124 +msgid "" +":issue:`38943`: Fix IDLE autocomplete windows not always appearing on some " +"systems. Patch by Johnny Najera." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26127 +msgid "" +":issue:`38862`: 'Strip Trailing Whitespace' on the Format menu removes extra" +" newlines at the end of non-shell files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26130 +msgid "" +":issue:`38636`: Fix IDLE Format menu tab toggle and file indent width. These" +" functions (default shortcuts Alt-T and Alt-U) were mistakenly disabled in " +"3.7.5 and 3.8.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26137 +msgid "" +":issue:`38896`: Remove ``PyUnicode_ClearFreeList()`` function: the Unicode " +"free list has been removed in Python 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26140 +msgid "" +":issue:`37340`: Remove ``PyMethod_ClearFreeList()`` and " +"``PyCFunction_ClearFreeList()`` functions: the free lists of bound method " +"objects have been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26144 +msgid "" +":issue:`38835`: Exclude ``PyFPE_START_PROTECT()`` and " +"``PyFPE_END_PROTECT()`` macros of ``pyfpe.h`` from ``Py_LIMITED_API`` " +"(stable API)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26149 +msgid "Python 3.9.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26151 +msgid "*Release date: 2019-11-19*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2019-11-19*" + +#: ../NEWS:26156 +msgid "" +":issue:`38722`: :mod:`runpy` now uses :meth:`io.open_code` to open code " +"files. Patch by Jason Killen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26159 +msgid "" +":issue:`38622`: Add additional audit events for the :mod:`ctypes` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26161 +msgid "" +":issue:`38418`: Fixes audit event for :func:`os.system` to be named " +"``os.system``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26164 +msgid "" +":issue:`38243`: Escape the server title of " +":class:`xmlrpc.server.DocXMLRPCServer` when rendering the document page as " +"HTML. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`38243`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26168 +msgid "" +":issue:`38174`: Update vendorized expat library version to 2.2.8, which " +"resolves :cve:`2019-15903`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26171 +msgid "" +":issue:`37764`: Fixes email._header_value_parser.get_unstructured going into" +" an infinite loop for a specific case in which the email header does not " +"have trailing whitespace, and the case in which it contains an invalid " +"encoded word. Patch by Ashwin Ramaswami." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26176 +msgid "" +":issue:`37461`: Fix an infinite loop when parsing specially crafted email " +"headers. Patch by Abhilash Raj." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26179 +msgid "" +":issue:`37363`: Adds audit events for the range of supported run commands " +"(see :ref:`using-on-general`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26182 +msgid "" +":issue:`37463`: ssl.match_hostname() no longer accepts IPv4 addresses with " +"additional text after the address and only quad-dotted notation without " +"trailing whitespaces. Some inet_aton() implementations ignore whitespace and" +" all data after whitespace, e.g. '127.0.0.1 whatever'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26187 +msgid "" +":issue:`37363`: Adds audit events for :mod:`ensurepip`, :mod:`ftplib`, " +":mod:`glob`, :mod:`imaplib`, :mod:`!nntplib`, :mod:`pdb`, :mod:`poplib`, " +":mod:`shutil`, :mod:`smtplib`, :mod:`sqlite3`, :mod:`subprocess`, " +":mod:`!telnetlib`, :mod:`tempfile` and :mod:`webbrowser`, as well as " +":func:`os.listdir`, :func:`os.scandir` and :func:`breakpoint`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26193 +msgid "" +":issue:`37364`: :func:`io.open_code` is now used when reading :file:`.pth` " +"files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26196 +msgid ":issue:`34631`: Updated OpenSSL to 1.1.1c in Windows installer" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26198 +msgid "" +":issue:`34155`: Fix parsing of invalid email addresses with more than one " +"``@`` (e.g. a@b@c.com.) to not return the part before 2nd ``@`` as valid " +"email address. Patch by maxking & jpic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26205 +msgid "" +":issue:`38631`: Replace ``Py_FatalError()`` call with a regular " +":exc:`RuntimeError` exception in :meth:`float.__getformat__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26208 +msgid "" +":issue:`38639`: Optimized :func:`math.floor`, :func:`math.ceil` and " +":func:`math.trunc` for floats." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26211 +msgid "" +":issue:`38640`: Fixed a bug in the compiler that was causing to raise in the" +" presence of break statements and continue statements inside always false " +"while loops. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26215 +msgid "" +":issue:`38613`: Optimized some set operations (e.g. ``|``, ``^``, and ``-``)" +" of ``dict_keys``. ``d.keys() | other`` was slower than ``set(d) | other`` " +"but they are almost same performance for now." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26219 +msgid "" +":issue:`28029`: ``\"\".replace(\"\", s, n)`` now returns ``s`` instead of an" +" empty string for all non-zero ``n``. There are similar changes for " +":class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26223 +msgid "" +":issue:`38535`: Fixed line numbers and column offsets for AST nodes for " +"calls without arguments in decorators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26226 +msgid "" +":issue:`38525`: Fix a segmentation fault when using reverse iterators of " +"empty ``dict`` objects. Patch by Donghee Na and Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26229 +msgid "" +":issue:`38465`: :class:`bytearray`, :class:`~array.array` and " +":class:`~mmap.mmap` objects allow now to export more than ``2**31`` buffers " +"at a time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26233 +msgid "" +":issue:`38469`: Fixed a bug where the scope of named expressions was not " +"being resolved correctly in the presence of the *global* keyword. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26237 +msgid "" +":issue:`38437`: Activate the ``GC_DEBUG`` macro for debug builds of the " +"interpreter (when ``Py_DEBUG`` is set). Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26240 +msgid "" +":issue:`38379`: When the garbage collector makes a collection in which some " +"objects resurrect (they are reachable from outside the isolated cycles after" +" the finalizers have been executed), do not block the collection of all " +"objects that are still unreachable. Patch by Pablo Galindo and Tim Peters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26246 +msgid "" +":issue:`38379`: When cyclic garbage collection (gc) runs finalizers that " +"resurrect unreachable objects, the current gc run ends, without collecting " +"any cyclic trash. However, the statistics reported by ``collect()`` and " +"``get_stats()`` claimed that all cyclic trash found was collected, and that " +"the resurrected objects were collected. Changed the stats to report that " +"none were collected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26253 +msgid "" +":issue:`38392`: In debug mode, :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` now calls " +"``tp_traverse()`` of the object type to ensure that the object is valid: " +"test that objects visited by ``tp_traverse()`` are valid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26257 +msgid "" +":issue:`38210`: Remove unnecessary intersection and update set operation in " +"dictview with empty set. (Contributed by Donghee Na in :issue:`38210`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26260 +msgid "" +":issue:`38402`: Check the error from the system's underlying ``crypt`` or " +"``crypt_r``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26263 +msgid "" +":issue:`37474`: On FreeBSD, Python no longer calls ``fedisableexcept()`` at " +"startup to control the floating-point control mode. The call became useless " +"since FreeBSD 6: it became the default mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26267 +msgid "" +":issue:`38006`: Fix a bug due to the interaction of weakrefs and the cyclic " +"garbage collector. We must clear any weakrefs in garbage in order to prevent" +" their callbacks from executing and causing a crash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26271 +msgid "" +":issue:`38317`: Fix warnings options priority: ``PyConfig.warnoptions`` has " +"the highest priority, as stated in the :pep:`587`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26274 +msgid "" +":issue:`38310`: Predict ``BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL`` -> " +"``CALL_FUNCTION_EX`` opcode pairs in the main interpreter loop. Patch by " +"Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26277 +msgid "" +":issue:`36871`: Improve error handling for the assert_has_calls and " +"assert_has_awaits methods of mocks. Fixed a bug where any errors encountered" +" while binding the expected calls to the mock's spec were silently " +"swallowed, leading to misleading error output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26282 +msgid "" +":issue:`11410`: Better control over symbol visibility is provided through " +"use of the visibility attributes available in gcc >= 4.0, provided in a " +"uniform way across POSIX and Windows. The POSIX build files have been " +"updated to compile with -fvisibility=hidden, minimising exported symbols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26287 +msgid "" +":issue:`38219`: Optimized the :class:`dict` constructor and the " +":meth:`~dict.update` method for the case when the argument is a dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26290 +msgid "" +":issue:`38236`: Python now dumps path configuration if it fails to import " +"the Python codecs of the filesystem and stdio encodings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26293 +msgid "" +":issue:`38013`: Allow to call ``async_generator_athrow().throw(...)`` even " +"for non-started async generator helper. It fixes annoying warning at the end" +" of :func:`asyncio.run` call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26297 +msgid "" +":issue:`38124`: Fix an off-by-one error in PyState_AddModule that could " +"cause out-of-bounds memory access." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26300 +msgid "" +":issue:`38116`: The select module is now PEP-384 compliant and no longer has" +" static state" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26303 +msgid ":issue:`38113`: ast module updated to PEP-384 and all statics removed" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26305 +msgid ":issue:`38076`: The struct module is now PEP-384 compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26307 +msgid ":issue:`38075`: The random module is now PEP-384 compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26309 +msgid ":issue:`38074`: zlib module made PEP-384 compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26311 +msgid ":issue:`38073`: Make pwd extension module PEP-384 compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26313 +msgid ":issue:`38072`: grp module made PEP-384 compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26315 +msgid ":issue:`38069`: Make _posixsubprocess PEP-384 compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26317 +msgid ":issue:`38071`: Make termios extension module PEP-384 compatible" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26319 +msgid "" +":issue:`38005`: Fixed comparing and creating of InterpreterID and ChannelID." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26321 +msgid "" +":issue:`36946`: Fix possible signed integer overflow when handling slices. " +"Patch by hongweipeng." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26324 +msgid "" +":issue:`37994`: Fixed silencing arbitrary errors if an attribute lookup " +"fails in several sites. Only AttributeError should be silenced." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26327 +msgid "" +":issue:`8425`: Optimize set difference_update for the case when the other " +"set is much larger than the base set. (Suggested by Evgeny Kapun with code " +"contributed by Michele Orrù)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26331 +msgid "" +":issue:`37966`: The implementation of :func:`~unicodedata.is_normalized` has" +" been greatly sped up on strings that aren't normalized, by implementing the" +" full normalization-quick-check algorithm from the Unicode standard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26335 +msgid "" +":issue:`37947`: Adjust correctly the recursion level in the symtable " +"generation for named expressions. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26338 +msgid "" +":issue:`37812`: The ``CHECK_SMALL_INT`` macro used inside " +":file:`Object/longobject.c` has been replaced with an explicit ``return`` at" +" each call site." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26342 +msgid "" +":issue:`37751`: Fix :func:`codecs.lookup` to normalize the encoding name the" +" same way than :func:`encodings.normalize_encoding`, except that " +":func:`codecs.lookup` also converts the name to lower case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26346 +msgid "" +":issue:`37830`: Fixed compilation of :keyword:`break` and " +":keyword:`continue` in the :keyword:`finally` block when the corresponding " +":keyword:`try` block contains :keyword:`return` with a non-constant value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26350 +msgid "" +":issue:`20490`: Improve import error message for partially initialized " +"module on circular ``from`` imports - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26353 +msgid "" +":issue:`37840`: Fix handling of negative indices in " +":c:member:`~PySequenceMethods.sq_item` of :class:`bytearray`. Patch by " +"Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26357 +msgid "" +":issue:`37802`: Slightly improve performance of " +":c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedLong`, :c:func:`PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong` and" +" :c:func:`PyLong_FromSize_t`. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26361 +msgid "" +":issue:`37409`: Ensure explicit relative imports from interactive sessions " +"and scripts (having no parent package) always raise ImportError, rather than" +" treating the current module as the package. Patch by Ben Lewis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26365 +msgid "" +":issue:`32912`: Reverted :issue:`32912`: emitting :exc:`SyntaxWarning` " +"instead of :exc:`DeprecationWarning` for invalid escape sequences in string " +"and bytes literals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26369 +msgid "" +":issue:`37757`: :pep:`572`: As described in the PEP, assignment expressions " +"now raise :exc:`SyntaxError` when their interaction with comprehension " +"scoping results in an ambiguous target scope." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26373 +msgid "" +"The ``TargetScopeError`` subclass originally proposed by the PEP has been " +"removed in favour of just raising regular syntax errors for the disallowed " +"cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26377 +msgid "" +":issue:`36279`: Fix potential use of uninitialized memory in " +":func:`os.wait3`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26379 +msgid "" +":issue:`36311`: Decoding bytes objects larger than 2GiB is faster and no " +"longer fails when a multibyte characters spans a chunk boundary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26382 +msgid "" +":issue:`34880`: The :keyword:`assert` statement now works properly if the " +":exc:`AssertionError` exception is being shadowed. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26385 +msgid "" +":issue:`37340`: Removed object cache (``free_list``) for bound method " +"objects. Temporary bound method objects are less used than before thanks to " +"the ``LOAD_METHOD`` opcode and the ``_PyObject_VectorcallMethod`` C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26389 +msgid "" +":issue:`37648`: Fixed minor inconsistency in :meth:`list.__contains__`, " +":meth:`tuple.__contains__` and a few other places. The collection's item is " +"now always at the left and the needle is on the right of ``==``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26393 +msgid "" +":issue:`37444`: Update differing exception between " +":meth:`builtins.__import__` and :meth:`importlib.__import__`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26396 +msgid "" +":issue:`37619`: When adding a wrapper descriptor from one class to a " +"different class (for example, setting ``__add__ = str.__add__`` on an " +"``int`` subclass), an exception is correctly raised when the operator is " +"called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26400 +msgid "" +":issue:`37593`: Swap the positions of the *posonlyargs* and *args* " +"parameters in the constructor of :class:`ast.parameters` nodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26403 +msgid ":issue:`37543`: Optimized pymalloc for non PGO build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26405 +msgid "" +":issue:`37537`: Compute allocated pymalloc blocks inside " +"_Py_GetAllocatedBlocks(). This slows down _Py_GetAllocatedBlocks() but " +"gives a small speedup to _PyObject_Malloc() and _PyObject_Free()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26409 +msgid "" +":issue:`37467`: Fix :func:`sys.excepthook` and :c:func:`PyErr_Display` if a " +"filename is a bytes string. For example, for a SyntaxError exception where " +"the filename attribute is a bytes string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26413 +msgid "" +":issue:`37433`: Fix ``SyntaxError`` indicator printing too many spaces for " +"multi-line strings - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26416 +msgid "" +":issue:`37417`: :meth:`bytearray.extend` now correctly handles errors that " +"arise during iteration. Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26419 +msgid "" +":issue:`37414`: The undocumented ``sys.callstats()`` function has been " +"removed. Since Python 3.7, it was deprecated and always returned ``None``. " +"It required a special build option ``CALL_PROFILE`` which was already " +"removed in Python 3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26424 +msgid "" +":issue:`37392`: Remove ``sys.getcheckinterval()`` and " +"``sys.setcheckinterval()`` functions. They were deprecated since Python 3.2." +" Use :func:`sys.getswitchinterval` and :func:`sys.setswitchinterval` " +"instead. Remove also ``check_interval`` field of the ``PyInterpreterState`` " +"structure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26430 +msgid "" +":issue:`37388`: In development mode and in debug build, *encoding* and " +"*errors* arguments are now checked on string encoding and decoding " +"operations. Examples: :func:`open`, :meth:`str.encode` and " +":meth:`bytes.decode`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26434 +msgid "" +"By default, for best performances, the *errors* argument is only checked at " +"the first encoding/decoding error, and the *encoding* argument is sometimes " +"ignored for empty strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26438 +msgid "" +":issue:`37348`: Optimized decoding short ASCII string with UTF-8 and ascii " +"codecs. ``b\"foo\".decode()`` is about 15% faster. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26441 +msgid "" +":issue:`24214`: Improved support of the surrogatepass error handler in the " +"UTF-8 and UTF-16 incremental decoders." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26444 +msgid "" +":issue:`37330`: :func:`open`, :func:`io.open`, :func:`codecs.open` and " +":class:`fileinput.FileInput` no longer accept ``'U'`` (\"universal " +"newline\") in the file mode. This flag was deprecated since Python 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26448 +msgid "" +":issue:`35224`: Reverse evaluation order of key: value in dict " +"comprehensions as proposed in PEP 572. I.e. in ``{k: v for ...}``, ``k`` " +"will be evaluated before ``v``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26452 +msgid "" +":issue:`37316`: Fix the :c:func:`PySys_Audit` call in :class:`mmap.mmap`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26454 +msgid ":issue:`37300`: Remove an unnecessary Py_XINCREF in classobject.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26456 +msgid "" +":issue:`37269`: Fix a bug in the peephole optimizer that was not treating " +"correctly constant conditions with binary operators. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26460 +msgid "" +":issue:`20443`: Python now gets the absolute path of the script filename " +"specified on the command line (ex: \"python3 script.py\"): the __file__ " +"attribute of the __main__ module and sys.path[0] become an absolute path, " +"rather than a relative path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26465 +msgid "" +":issue:`37257`: Python's small object allocator (``obmalloc.c``) now allows " +"(no more than) one empty arena to remain available for immediate reuse, " +"without returning it to the OS. This prevents thrashing in simple loops " +"where an arena could be created and destroyed anew on each iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26470 +msgid "" +":issue:`37231`: The dispatching of type slots to special methods (for " +"example calling ``__mul__`` when doing ``x * y``) has been made faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26473 +msgid "" +":issue:`36974`: Implemented separate vectorcall functions for every calling " +"convention of builtin functions and methods. This improves performance for " +"calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26477 +msgid "" +":issue:`37213`: Handle correctly negative line offsets in the peephole " +"optimizer. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26480 +msgid "" +":issue:`37219`: Remove erroneous optimization for empty set differences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26482 +msgid "" +":issue:`15913`: Implement :c:func:`PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat()` function " +"(previously documented but not implemented): call :func:`struct.calcsize`. " +"Patch by Joannah Nanjekye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26486 +msgid "" +":issue:`36922`: Slot functions optimize any callable with " +"``Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR`` instead of only instances of ``function``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26490 +msgid "" +":issue:`36974`: The slot ``tp_vectorcall_offset`` is inherited " +"unconditionally to support ``super().__call__()`` when the base class uses " +"vectorcall." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26493 +msgid "" +":issue:`37160`: :func:`threading.get_native_id` now also supports NetBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26495 +msgid "" +":issue:`37077`: Add :func:`threading.get_native_id` support for AIX. Patch " +"by M. Felt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26498 +msgid ":issue:`36781`: :func:`sum` has been optimized for boolean values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26500 +msgid "" +":issue:`34556`: Add ``--upgrade-deps`` to venv module. Patch by Cooper Ry " +"Lees" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26502 +msgid "" +":issue:`20523`: ``pdb.Pdb`` supports ~/.pdbrc in Windows 7. Patch by Tim " +"Hopper and Dan Lidral-Porter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26505 +msgid "" +":issue:`35551`: Updated encodings: - Removed the \"tis260\" encoding, which " +"was an alias for the nonexistent \"tactis\" codec. - Added \"mac_centeuro\" " +"as an alias for the mac_latin2 encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26509 +msgid "" +":issue:`19072`: The :class:`classmethod` decorator can now wrap other " +"descriptors such as property objects. Adapted from a patch written by " +"Graham Dumpleton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26513 +msgid "" +":issue:`27575`: Improve speed of dictview intersection by directly using set" +" intersection logic. Patch by David Su." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26516 +msgid "" +":issue:`30773`: Prohibit parallel running of aclose() / asend() / athrow(). " +"Fix ag_running to reflect the actual running status of the AG." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26522 +msgid "" +":issue:`36589`: The :func:`curses.update_lines_cols` function now returns " +"``None`` instead of ``1`` on success." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26525 +msgid "" +":issue:`38807`: Update :exc:`TypeError` messages for :meth:`os.path.join` to" +" include :class:`os.PathLike` objects as acceptable input types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26528 +msgid "" +":issue:`38724`: Add a repr for ``subprocess.Popen`` objects. Patch by Andrey" +" Doroschenko." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26531 +msgid "" +":issue:`38786`: pydoc now recognizes and parses HTTPS URLs. Patch by " +"python273." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26533 +msgid "" +":issue:`38785`: Prevent asyncio from crashing if parent ``__init__`` is not " +"called from a constructor of object derived from ``asyncio.Future``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26536 +msgid "" +":issue:`38723`: :mod:`pdb` now uses :meth:`io.open_code` to trigger auditing" +" events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26539 +msgid "" +":issue:`27805`: Allow opening pipes and other non-seekable files in append " +"mode with :func:`open`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26542 +msgid "" +":issue:`38438`: Simplify the :mod:`argparse` usage message for " +"``nargs=\"*\"``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26544 +msgid "" +":issue:`38761`: WeakSet is now registered as a collections.abc.MutableSet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26546 +msgid "" +":issue:`38716`: logging: change RotatingHandler namer and rotator to class-" +"level attributes. This stops __init__ from setting them to None in the case " +"where a subclass defines them with eponymous methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26550 +msgid "" +":issue:`38713`: Add :const:`os.P_PIDFD` constant, which may be passed to " +":func:`os.waitid` to wait on a Linux process file descriptor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26553 +msgid "" +":issue:`38692`: Add :class:`asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher`, a Linux-specific " +"child watcher implementation that polls process file descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26556 +msgid "" +":issue:`38692`: Expose the Linux ``pidfd_open`` syscall as " +":func:`os.pidfd_open`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26559 +msgid "" +":issue:`38602`: Added constants :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_GETLK`, " +":const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLK` and :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLKW` to the " +":mod:`fcntl` module. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26563 +msgid "" +":issue:`38334`: Fixed seeking backward on an encrypted " +":class:`zipfile.ZipExtFile`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26566 +msgid "" +":issue:`38312`: Add :func:`curses.get_escdelay`, " +":func:`curses.set_escdelay`, :func:`curses.get_tabsize`, and " +":func:`curses.set_tabsize` functions - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26570 +msgid "" +":issue:`38586`: Now :func:`~logging.config.fileConfig` correctly sets the " +".name of handlers loaded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26573 +msgid "" +":issue:`38565`: Add new cache_parameters() method for functools.lru_cache() " +"to better support pickling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26576 +msgid "" +":issue:`34679`: asynci.ProactorEventLoop.close() now only calls " +"signal.set_wakeup_fd() in the main thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26579 +msgid "" +":issue:`31202`: The case the result of :func:`pathlib.WindowsPath.glob` " +"matches now the case of the pattern for literal parts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26582 +msgid "" +":issue:`36321`: Remove misspelled attribute. The 3.8 changelog noted that " +"this would be removed in 3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26585 +msgid "" +":issue:`38521`: Fixed erroneous equality comparison in " +"statistics.NormalDist()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26587 +msgid "" +":issue:`38493`: Added :const:`~os.CLD_KILLED` and :const:`~os.CLD_STOPPED` " +"for :attr:`si_code`. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26590 +msgid "" +":issue:`38478`: Fixed a bug in :meth:`inspect.signature.bind` that was " +"causing it to fail when handling a keyword argument with same name as " +"positional-only parameter. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26594 +msgid "" +":issue:`33604`: Fixed ``hmac.new`` and ``hmac.HMAC`` to raise TypeError " +"instead of ValueError when the digestmod parameter, now required in 3.8, is " +"omitted. Also clarified the hmac module documentation and docstrings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26598 +msgid "" +":issue:`38378`: Parameters *out* and *in* of :func:`os.sendfile` was renamed" +" to *out_fd* and *in_fd*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26601 +msgid "" +":issue:`38417`: Added support for setting the umask in the child process to " +"the subprocess module on POSIX systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26604 +msgid "" +":issue:`38449`: Revert PR 15522, which introduces a regression in " +":meth:`mimetypes.guess_type` due to improper handling of filenames as urls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26608 +msgid "" +":issue:`38431`: Fix ``__repr__`` method for :class:`dataclasses.InitVar` to " +"support typing objects, patch by Samuel Colvin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26611 +msgid "" +":issue:`38109`: Add missing :const:`stat.S_IFDOOR`, :const:`stat.S_IFPORT`, " +":const:`stat.S_IFWHT`, :func:`stat.S_ISDOOR`, :func:`stat.S_ISPORT`, and " +":func:`stat.S_ISWHT` values to the Python implementation of :mod:`stat`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26615 +msgid ":issue:`38422`: Clarify docstrings of pathlib suffix(es)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26617 +msgid "" +":issue:`38405`: Nested subclasses of :class:`typing.NamedTuple` are now " +"pickleable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26620 +msgid "" +":issue:`38332`: Prevent :exc:`KeyError` thrown by " +":func:`!_encoded_words.decode` when given an encoded-word with invalid " +"content-type encoding from propagating all the way to " +":func:`email.message.get`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26625 +msgid "" +":issue:`38371`: Deprecated the ``split()`` method in " +":class:`!_tkinter.TkappType` in favour of the ``splitlist()`` method which " +"has more consistent and predictable behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26629 +msgid "" +":issue:`38341`: Add :exc:`smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError` to the " +":mod:`smtplib` exported names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26632 +msgid "" +":issue:`38319`: sendfile() used in socket and shutil modules was raising " +"OverflowError for files >= 2GiB on 32-bit architectures. (patch by " +"Giampaolo Rodola)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26636 +msgid ":issue:`38242`: Revert the new asyncio Streams API" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26638 +msgid "" +":issue:`13153`: OS native encoding is now used for converting between Python" +" strings and Tcl objects. This allows to display, copy and paste to " +"clipboard emoji and other non-BMP characters. Converting strings from Tcl " +"to Python and back now never fails (except MemoryError)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26643 +msgid "" +":issue:`38019`: Correctly handle pause/resume reading of closed asyncio unix" +" pipe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26646 +msgid "" +":issue:`38163`: Child mocks will now detect their type as either synchronous" +" or asynchronous, asynchronous child mocks will be AsyncMocks and " +"synchronous child mocks will be either MagicMock or Mock (depending on their" +" parent type)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26651 +msgid ":issue:`38161`: Removes _AwaitEvent from AsyncMock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26653 +msgid "" +":issue:`38216`: Allow the rare code that wants to send invalid http requests" +" from the ``http.client`` library a way to do so. The fixes for " +":issue:`30458` led to breakage for some projects that were relying on this " +"ability to test their own behavior in the face of bad requests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26658 +msgid "" +":issue:`28286`: Deprecate opening :class:`~gzip.GzipFile` for writing " +"implicitly. Always specify the *mode* argument for writing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26661 +msgid "" +":issue:`38108`: Any synchronous magic methods on an AsyncMock now return a " +"MagicMock. Any asynchronous magic methods on a MagicMock now return an " +"AsyncMock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26665 +msgid "" +":issue:`38265`: Update the *length* parameter of :func:`os.pread` to accept " +":c:type:`Py_ssize_t` instead of :c:expr:`int`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26668 +msgid "" +":issue:`38112`: :mod:`compileall` has a higher default recursion limit and " +"new command-line arguments for path manipulation, symlinks handling, and " +"multiple optimization levels." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26672 +msgid ":issue:`38248`: asyncio: Fix inconsistent immediate Task cancellation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26674 +msgid "" +":issue:`38237`: The arguments for the builtin pow function are more " +"descriptive. They can now also be passed in as keywords." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26677 +msgid "" +":issue:`34002`: Improve efficiency in parts of email package by changing " +"while-pop to a for loop, using isdisjoint instead of set intersections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26680 +msgid "" +":issue:`38191`: Constructors of :class:`~typing.NamedTuple` and " +":class:`~typing.TypedDict` types now accept arbitrary keyword argument " +"names, including \"cls\", \"self\", \"typename\", \"_typename\", \"fields\" " +"and \"_fields\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26685 +msgid "" +":issue:`38155`: Add ``__all__`` to :mod:`datetime`. Patch by Tahia Khan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26687 +msgid "" +":issue:`38185`: Fixed case-insensitive string comparison in " +":class:`sqlite3.Row` indexing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26690 +msgid "" +":issue:`38136`: Changes AsyncMock call count and await count to be two " +"different counters. Now await count only counts when a coroutine has been " +"awaited, not when it has been called, and vice-versa. Update the " +"documentation around this." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26695 +msgid "" +":issue:`37828`: Fix default mock name in " +":meth:`unittest.mock.Mock.assert_called` exceptions. Patch by Abraham Toriz " +"Cruz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26699 +msgid "" +":issue:`38175`: Fix a memory leak in comparison of :class:`sqlite3.Row` " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26702 +msgid "" +":issue:`33936`: _hashlib no longer calls obsolete OpenSSL initialization " +"function with OpenSSL 1.1.0+." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26705 +msgid "" +":issue:`34706`: Preserve subclassing in inspect.Signature.from_callable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26707 +msgid "" +":issue:`38153`: Names of hashing algorithms from OpenSSL are now normalized " +"to follow Python's naming conventions. For example OpenSSL uses sha3-512 " +"instead of sha3_512 or blake2b512 instead of blake2b." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26711 +msgid "" +":issue:`38115`: Fix a bug in dis.findlinestarts() where it would return " +"invalid bytecode offsets. Document that a code object's co_lnotab can " +"contain invalid bytecode offsets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26715 +msgid "" +":issue:`38148`: Add slots to :mod:`asyncio` transport classes, which can " +"reduce memory usage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26718 +msgid "" +":issue:`38142`: The _hashlib OpenSSL wrapper extension module is now PEP-384" +" compliant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26721 +msgid "" +":issue:`9216`: hashlib constructors now support usedforsecurity flag to " +"signal that a hashing algorithm is not used in a security context." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26724 +msgid "" +":issue:`36991`: Fixes a potential incorrect AttributeError exception " +"escaping ZipFile.extract() in some unsupported input error situations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26727 +msgid "" +":issue:`38134`: Remove obsolete copy of PBKDF2_HMAC_fast. All supported " +"OpenSSL versions contain a fast implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26730 +msgid "" +":issue:`38132`: The OpenSSL hashlib wrapper uses a simpler implementation. " +"Several Macros and pointless caches are gone. The hash name now comes from " +"OpenSSL's EVP. The algorithm name stays the same, except it is now always " +"lower case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26735 +msgid "" +":issue:`38008`: Fix parent class check in protocols to correctly identify " +"the module that provides a builtin protocol, instead of assuming they all " +"come from the :mod:`collections.abc` module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26739 +msgid "" +":issue:`34037`: For :mod:`asyncio`, add a new coroutine " +":meth:`loop.shutdown_default_executor`. The new coroutine provides an API to" +" schedule an executor shutdown that waits on the threadpool to finish " +"closing. Also, :func:`asyncio.run` has been updated to utilize the new " +"coroutine. Patch by Kyle Stanley." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26745 +msgid "" +":issue:`37405`: Fixed regression bug for socket.getsockname() for non-" +"CAN_ISOTP AF_CAN address family sockets by returning a 1-tuple instead of " +"string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26748 +msgid "" +":issue:`38121`: Update parameter names on functions in importlib.metadata " +"matching the changes in the 0.22 release of importlib_metadata." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26751 +msgid "" +":issue:`38110`: The os.closewalk() implementation now uses the libc fdwalk()" +" API on platforms where it is available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26754 +msgid "" +":issue:`38093`: Fixes AsyncMock so it doesn't crash when used with " +"AsyncContextManagers or AsyncIterators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26757 +msgid "" +":issue:`37488`: Add warning to :meth:`datetime.utctimetuple`, " +":meth:`datetime.utcnow` and :meth:`datetime.utcfromtimestamp` ." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26760 +msgid "" +":issue:`35640`: Allow passing a :term:`path-like object` as ``directory`` " +"argument to the :class:`http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` class. Patch " +"by Géry Ogam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26764 +msgid "" +":issue:`38086`: Update importlib.metadata with changes from " +"`importlib_metadata 0.21 `_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26768 +msgid "" +":issue:`37251`: Remove ``__code__`` check in AsyncMock that incorrectly " +"evaluated function specs as async objects but failed to evaluate classes " +"with ``__await__`` but no ``__code__`` attribute defined as async objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26772 +msgid ":issue:`38037`: Fix reference counters in the :mod:`signal` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26774 +msgid "" +":issue:`38066`: Hide internal asyncio.Stream methods: feed_eof(), " +"feed_data(), set_exception() and set_transport()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26777 +msgid ":issue:`38059`: inspect.py now uses sys.exit() instead of exit()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26779 +msgid "" +":issue:`38049`: Added command-line interface for the :mod:`ast` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26781 +msgid "" +":issue:`37953`: In :mod:`typing`, improved the ``__hash__`` and ``__eq__`` " +"methods for :class:`ForwardReferences`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26784 +msgid "" +":issue:`38026`: Fixed :func:`inspect.getattr_static` used ``isinstance`` " +"while it should avoid dynamic lookup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26787 +msgid "" +":issue:`35923`: Update :class:`importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter` to use " +"``loader._ORIGIN`` instead of a hardcoded value. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26790 +msgid "" +":issue:`38010`: In ``importlib.metadata`` sync with ``importlib_metadata`` " +"0.20, clarifying behavior of ``files()`` and fixing issue where only one " +"requirement was returned for ``requires()`` on ``dist-info`` packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26794 +msgid "" +":issue:`38006`: weakref.WeakValueDictionary defines a local remove() " +"function used as callback for weak references. This function was created " +"with a closure. Modify the implementation to avoid the closure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26798 +msgid "" +":issue:`37995`: Added the *indent* option to :func:`ast.dump` which allows " +"it to produce a multiline indented output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26801 +msgid "" +":issue:`34410`: Fixed a crash in the :func:`tee` iterator when re-enter it. " +"RuntimeError is now raised in this case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26804 +msgid "" +":issue:`37140`: Fix a ctypes regression of Python 3.8. When a " +"ctypes.Structure is passed by copy to a function, ctypes internals created a" +" temporary object which had the side effect of calling the structure " +"finalizer (__del__) twice. The Python semantics requires a finalizer to be " +"called exactly once. Fix ctypes internals to no longer call the finalizer " +"twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26810 +msgid "" +":issue:`37587`: ``_json.scanstring`` is now up to 3x faster when there are " +"many backslash escaped characters in the JSON string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26813 +msgid "" +":issue:`37834`: Prevent shutil.rmtree exception when built on non-Windows " +"system without fd system call support, like older versions of macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26816 +msgid "" +":issue:`10978`: Semaphores and BoundedSemaphores can now release more than " +"one waiting thread at a time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26819 +msgid "" +":issue:`37972`: Subscripts to the ``unittest.mock.call`` objects now receive" +" the same chaining mechanism as any other custom attributes, so that the " +"following usage no longer raises a ``TypeError``:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26823 +msgid "``call().foo().__getitem__('bar')``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26825 +msgid "Patch by blhsing" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26827 +msgid "" +":issue:`37965`: Fix C compiler warning caused by " +"distutils.ccompiler.CCompiler.has_function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26830 +msgid ":issue:`37964`: Add ``F_GETPATH`` command to :mod:`fcntl`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26832 +msgid "" +":issue:`37960`: ``repr()`` of buffered and text streams now silences only " +"expected exceptions when get the value of \"name\" and \"mode\" attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26835 +msgid "" +":issue:`37961`: Add a ``total_nframe`` field to the traces collected by the " +"tracemalloc module. This field indicates the original number of frames " +"before it was truncated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26839 +msgid "" +":issue:`37951`: Most features of the subprocess module now work again in " +"subinterpreters. Only *preexec_fn* is restricted in subinterpreters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26842 +msgid "" +":issue:`36205`: Fix the rusage implementation of time.process_time() to " +"correctly report the sum of the system and user CPU time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26845 +msgid "" +":issue:`37950`: Fix :func:`ast.dump` when call with incompletely initialized" +" node." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26848 +msgid "" +":issue:`34679`: Restores instantiation of Windows IOCP event loops from the " +"non-main thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26851 +msgid "" +":issue:`36917`: Add default implementation of the " +":meth:`ast.NodeVisitor.visit_Constant` method which emits a deprecation " +"warning and calls corresponding methods ``visit_Num()``, ``visit_Str()``, " +"etc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26856 +msgid "" +":issue:`37798`: Update test_statistics.py to verify that the statistics " +"module works well for both C and Python implementations. Patch by Donghee Na" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26859 +msgid "" +":issue:`26589`: Added a new status code to the http module: 451 " +"UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26862 +msgid "" +":issue:`37915`: Fix a segmentation fault that appeared when comparing " +"instances of ``datetime.timezone`` and ``datetime.tzinfo`` objects. Patch by" +" Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26866 +msgid "" +":issue:`32554`: Deprecate having random.seed() call hash on arbitrary types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26868 +msgid "" +":issue:`9938`: Add optional keyword argument ``exit_on_error`` for " +":class:`ArgumentParser`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26871 +msgid "" +":issue:`37851`: The :mod:`faulthandler` module no longer allocates its " +"alternative stack at Python startup. Now the stack is only allocated at the " +"first faulthandler usage." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26875 +msgid "" +":issue:`32793`: Fix a duplicated debug message when " +":meth:`smtplib.SMTP.connect` is called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26878 +msgid "" +":issue:`37885`: venv: Don't generate unset variable warning on deactivate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26880 +msgid "" +":issue:`37868`: Fix dataclasses.is_dataclass when given an instance that " +"never raises AttributeError in __getattr__. That is, an object that returns" +" something for __dataclass_fields__ even if it's not a dataclass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26884 +msgid "" +":issue:`37811`: Fix ``socket`` module's ``socket.connect(address)`` function" +" being unable to establish connection in case of interrupted system call. " +"The problem was observed on all OSes which ``poll(2)`` system call can take " +"only non-negative integers and -1 as a timeout value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26889 +msgid "" +":issue:`37863`: Optimizations for Fraction.__hash__ suggested by Tim Peters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26891 +msgid "" +":issue:`21131`: Fix ``faulthandler.register(chain=True)`` stack. " +"faulthandler now allocates a dedicated stack of ``SIGSTKSZ*2`` bytes, " +"instead of just ``SIGSTKSZ`` bytes. Calling the previous signal handler in " +"faulthandler signal handler uses more than ``SIGSTKSZ`` bytes of stack " +"memory on some platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26897 +msgid "" +":issue:`37798`: Add C fastpath for statistics.NormalDist.inv_cdf() Patch by " +"Donghee Na" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26900 +msgid "" +":issue:`37804`: Remove the deprecated method ``threading.Thread.isAlive()``." +" Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26903 +msgid "" +":issue:`37819`: Add Fraction.as_integer_ratio() to match the corresponding " +"methods in bool, int, float, and decimal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26906 +msgid "" +":issue:`14465`: Add an xml.etree.ElementTree.indent() function for pretty-" +"printing XML trees. Contributed by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26909 +msgid "" +":issue:`37810`: Fix :mod:`difflib` ``?`` hint in diff output when dealing " +"with tabs. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26912 +msgid "" +":issue:`37772`: In ``zipfile.Path``, when adding implicit dirs, ensure that " +"ancestral directories are added and that duplicates are excluded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26915 +msgid "" +":issue:`18578`: Renamed and documented ``test.bytecode_helper`` as " +"``test.support.bytecode_helper``. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26918 +msgid ":issue:`37785`: Fix xgettext warnings in :mod:`argparse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26920 +msgid "" +":issue:`34488`: :meth:`writelines` method of :class:`io.BytesIO` is now " +"slightly faster when many small lines are passed. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26924 +msgid "" +":issue:`37449`: ``ensurepip`` now uses ``importlib.resources.read_binary()``" +" to read data instead of ``pkgutil.get_data()``. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26927 +msgid "" +":issue:`28292`: Mark calendar.py helper functions as being private. The " +"follows PEP 8 guidance to maintain the style conventions in the module and " +"it addresses a known case of user confusion." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26931 +msgid "" +":issue:`18049`: Add definition of THREAD_STACK_SIZE for AIX in " +"Python/thread_pthread.h The default thread stacksize caused crashes with the" +" default recursion limit Patch by M Felt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26935 +msgid "" +":issue:`37742`: The logging.getLogger() API now returns the root logger when" +" passed the name 'root', whereas previously it returned a non-root logger " +"named 'root'. This could affect cases where user code explicitly wants a " +"non-root logger named 'root', or instantiates a logger using " +"logging.getLogger(__name__) in some top-level module called 'root.py'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26941 +msgid "" +":issue:`37738`: Fix the implementation of curses ``addch(str, color_pair)``:" +" pass the color pair to ``setcchar()``, instead of always passing 0 as the " +"color pair." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26945 +msgid "" +":issue:`37723`: Fix performance regression on regular expression parsing " +"with huge character sets. Patch by Yann Vaginay." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26948 +msgid "" +":issue:`35943`: The function :c:func:`PyImport_GetModule` now ensures any " +"module it returns is fully initialized. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26951 +msgid "" +":issue:`32178`: Fix IndexError in :mod:`email` package when trying to parse " +"invalid address fields starting with ``:``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26954 +msgid "" +":issue:`37268`: The :mod:`parser` module is deprecated and will be removed " +"in future versions of Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26957 +msgid ":issue:`11953`: Completing WSA* error codes in :mod:`socket`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26959 +msgid "" +":issue:`37685`: Fixed comparisons of :class:`datetime.timedelta` and " +":class:`datetime.timezone`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26962 +msgid "" +":issue:`37697`: Synchronize ``importlib.metadata`` with `importlib_metadata " +"0.19 `_, " +"improving handling of EGG-INFO files and fixing a crash when entry point " +"names contained colons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26968 +msgid "" +":issue:`37695`: Correct :func:`curses.unget_wch` error message. Patch by " +"Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26971 +msgid "" +":issue:`37689`: Add :meth:`is_relative_to` in :class:`PurePath` to determine" +" whether or not one path is relative to another." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26974 +msgid "" +":issue:`29553`: Fixed :meth:`argparse.ArgumentParser.format_usage` for " +"mutually exclusive groups. Patch by Andrew Nester." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26977 +msgid "" +":issue:`37691`: Let math.dist() accept coordinates as sequences (or " +"iterables) rather than just tuples." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26980 +msgid "" +":issue:`37685`: Fixed ``__eq__``, ``__lt__`` etc implementations in some " +"classes. They now return :data:`NotImplemented` for unsupported type of the " +"other operand. This allows the other operand to play role (for example the " +"equality comparison with :data:`~unittest.mock.ANY` will return ``True``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26986 +msgid "" +":issue:`37354`: Make Activate.ps1 Powershell script static to allow for " +"signing it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26989 +msgid "" +":issue:`37664`: Update wheels bundled with ensurepip (pip 19.2.3 and " +"setuptools 41.2.0)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26992 +msgid "" +":issue:`37663`: Bring consistency to venv shell activation scripts by always" +" using __VENV_PROMPT__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:26995 +msgid "" +":issue:`37642`: Allowed the pure Python implementation of " +":class:`datetime.timezone` to represent sub-minute offsets close to minimum " +"and maximum boundaries, specifically in the ranges (23:59, 24:00) and " +"(-23:59, 24:00). Patch by Ngalim Siregar" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27000 +msgid "" +":issue:`36161`: In :mod:`posix`, use ``ttyname_r`` instead of ``ttyname`` " +"for thread safety." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27003 +msgid "" +":issue:`36324`: Make internal attributes for statistics.NormalDist() " +"private." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27005 +msgid "" +":issue:`37555`: Fix ``NonCallableMock._call_matcher`` returning tuple " +"instead of ``_Call`` object when ``self._spec_signature`` exists. Patch by " +"Elizabeth Uselton" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27009 +msgid "" +":issue:`29446`: Make ``from tkinter import *`` import only the expected " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27012 +msgid "" +":issue:`16970`: Adding a value error when an invalid value in passed to " +"nargs Patch by Robert Leenders" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27015 +msgid "" +":issue:`34443`: Exceptions from :mod:`enum` now use the ``__qualname`` of " +"the enum class in the exception message instead of the ``__name__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27018 +msgid "" +":issue:`37491`: Fix ``IndexError`` when parsing email headers with " +"unexpectedly ending bare-quoted string value. Patch by Abhilash Raj." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27021 +msgid "" +":issue:`37587`: Make json.loads faster for long strings. (Patch by Marco " +"Paolini)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27024 +msgid "" +":issue:`18378`: Recognize \"UTF-8\" as a valid value for LC_CTYPE in " +"locale._parse_localename." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27027 +msgid "" +":issue:`37579`: Return :exc:`NotImplemented` in Python implementation of " +"``__eq__`` for :class:`~datetime.timedelta` and :class:`~datetime.time` when" +" the other object being compared is not of the same type to match C " +"implementation. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27032 +msgid "" +":issue:`21478`: Record calls to parent when autospecced object is attached " +"to a mock using :func:`unittest.mock.attach_mock`. Patch by Karthikeyan " +"Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27036 +msgid "" +":issue:`37531`: \"python3 -m test -jN --timeout=TIMEOUT\" now kills a worker" +" process if it runs longer than *TIMEOUT* seconds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27039 +msgid "" +":issue:`37482`: Fix serialization of display name in originator or " +"destination address fields with both encoded words and special chars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27042 +msgid "" +":issue:`36993`: Improve error reporting for corrupt zip files with bad zip64" +" extra data. Patch by Daniel Hillier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27045 +msgid "" +":issue:`37502`: pickle.loads() no longer raises TypeError when the buffers " +"argument is set to None" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27048 +msgid "" +":issue:`37520`: Correct behavior for zipfile.Path.parent when the path " +"object identifies a subdirectory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27051 +msgid "" +":issue:`18374`: Fix the ``.col_offset`` attribute of nested " +":class:`ast.BinOp` instances which had a too large value in some situations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27054 +msgid "" +":issue:`37424`: Fixes a possible hang when using a timeout on " +"``subprocess.run()`` while capturing output. If the child process spawned " +"its own children or otherwise connected its stdout or stderr handles with " +"another process, we could hang after the timeout was reached and our child " +"was killed when attempting to read final output from the pipes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27060 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: Fix :func:`multiprocessing.util.get_temp_dir` finalizer: " +"clear also the 'tempdir' configuration of the current process, so next call " +"to ``get_temp_dir()`` will create a new temporary directory, rather than " +"reusing the removed temporary directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27065 +msgid "" +":issue:`37481`: The distutils ``bdist_wininst`` command is deprecated in " +"Python 3.8, use ``bdist_wheel`` (wheel packages) instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27068 +msgid "" +":issue:`37479`: When ``Enum.__str__`` is overridden in a derived class, the " +"override will be used by ``Enum.__format__`` regardless of whether mixin " +"classes are present." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27072 +msgid "" +":issue:`37440`: http.client now enables TLS 1.3 post-handshake " +"authentication for default context or if a cert_file is passed to " +"HTTPSConnection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27075 +msgid ":issue:`37437`: Update vendorized expat version to 2.2.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27077 +msgid "" +":issue:`37428`: SSLContext.post_handshake_auth = True no longer sets " +"SSL_VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE verify flag for client connections. Although the " +"option is documented as ignored for clients, OpenSSL implicitly enables cert" +" chain validation when the flag is set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27082 +msgid "" +":issue:`37420`: :func:`os.sched_setaffinity` now correctly handles errors " +"that arise during iteration over its ``mask`` argument. Patch by Brandt " +"Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27085 +msgid "" +":issue:`37412`: The :func:`os.getcwdb` function now uses the UTF-8 encoding " +"on Windows, rather than the ANSI code page: see :pep:`529` for the " +"rationale. The function is no longer deprecated on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27089 +msgid "" +":issue:`37406`: The sqlite3 module now raises TypeError, rather than " +"ValueError, if operation argument type is not str: execute(), executemany() " +"and calling a connection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27093 +msgid "" +":issue:`29412`: Fix IndexError in parsing a header value ending " +"unexpectedly. Patch by Abhilash Raj." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27096 +msgid "" +":issue:`36546`: The *dist* argument for statistics.quantiles() is now " +"positional only. The current name doesn't reflect that the argument can be " +"either a dataset or a distribution. Marking the parameter as positional " +"avoids confusion and makes it possible to change the name later." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27101 +msgid "" +":issue:`37394`: Fix a bug that was causing the :mod:`queue` module to fail " +"if the accelerator module was not available. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27104 +msgid "" +":issue:`37376`: :mod:`pprint` now has support for " +":class:`types.SimpleNamespace`. Patch by Carl Bordum Hansen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27107 +msgid "" +":issue:`26967`: An :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser` with " +"``allow_abbrev=False`` no longer disables grouping of short flags, such as " +"``-vv``, but only disables abbreviation of long flags as documented. Patch " +"by Zac Hatfield-Dodds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27112 +msgid "" +":issue:`37212`: :func:`unittest.mock.call` now preserves the order of " +"keyword arguments in repr output. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27115 +msgid "" +":issue:`37372`: Fix error unpickling datetime.time objects from Python 2 " +"with seconds>=24. Patch by Justin Blanchard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27118 +msgid "" +":issue:`37345`: Add formal support for UDPLITE sockets. Support was present " +"before, but it is now easier to detect support with ``hasattr(socket, " +"'IPPROTO_UDPLITE')`` and there are constants defined for each of the values " +"needed: ``socket.IPPROTO_UDPLITE``, ``UDPLITE_SEND_CSCOV``, and " +"``UDPLITE_RECV_CSCOV``. Patch by Gabe Appleton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27124 +msgid ":issue:`37358`: Optimized ``functools.partial`` by using vectorcall." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27126 +msgid "" +":issue:`37347`: :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.create_aggregate`, " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.create_function`, " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`, " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler` " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.set_trace_callback` methods lead to segfaults if " +"some of these methods are called twice with an equal object but not the " +"same. Now callbacks are stored more carefully. Patch by Aleksandr Balezin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27134 +msgid "" +":issue:`37163`: The *obj* argument of :func:`dataclasses.replace` is " +"positional-only now." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27137 +msgid "" +":issue:`37085`: Add the optional Linux SocketCAN Broadcast Manager " +"constants, used as flags to configure the BCM behaviour, in the socket " +"module. Patch by Karl Ding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27141 +msgid "" +":issue:`37328`: ``HTMLParser.unescape`` is removed. It was undocumented and" +" deprecated since Python 3.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27144 +msgid "" +":issue:`37305`: Add .webmanifest -> application/manifest+json to list of " +"recognized file types and content type headers" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27147 +msgid "" +":issue:`37320`: ``aifc.openfp()`` alias to ``aifc.open()``, " +"``sunau.openfp()`` alias to ``sunau.open()``, and ``wave.openfp()`` alias to" +" ``wave.open()`` have been removed. They were deprecated since Python 3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27151 +msgid "" +":issue:`37315`: Deprecated accepting floats with integral value (like " +"``5.0``) in :func:`math.factorial`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27154 +msgid "" +":issue:`37312`: ``_dummy_thread`` and ``dummy_threading`` modules have been " +"removed. These modules were deprecated since Python 3.7 which requires " +"threading support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27158 +msgid "" +":issue:`33972`: Email with single part but content-type set to " +"``multipart/*`` doesn't raise AttributeError anymore." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27161 +msgid "" +":issue:`37280`: Use threadpool for reading from file for sendfile fallback " +"mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27164 +msgid "" +":issue:`37279`: Fix asyncio sendfile support when sendfile sends extra data " +"in fallback mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27167 +msgid "" +":issue:`19865`: :func:`ctypes.create_unicode_buffer` now also supports non-" +"BMP characters on platforms with 16-bit :c:type:`wchar_t` (for example, " +"Windows and AIX)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27171 +msgid "" +":issue:`37266`: In a subinterpreter, spawning a daemon thread now raises an " +"exception. Daemon threads were never supported in subinterpreters. " +"Previously, the subinterpreter finalization crashed with a Python fatal " +"error if a daemon thread was still running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27176 +msgid "" +":issue:`37210`: Allow pure Python implementation of :mod:`pickle` to work " +"even when the C :mod:`!_pickle` module is unavailable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27179 +msgid "" +":issue:`21872`: Fix :mod:`lzma`: module decompresses data incompletely. When" +" decompressing a FORMAT_ALONE format file, and it doesn't have the end " +"marker, sometimes the last one to dozens bytes can't be output. Patch by Ma " +"Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27184 +msgid "" +":issue:`35922`: Fix :meth:`RobotFileParser.crawl_delay` and " +":meth:`RobotFileParser.request_rate` to return ``None`` rather than raise " +":exc:`AttributeError` when no relevant rule is defined in the robots.txt " +"file. Patch by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27189 +msgid "" +":issue:`35766`: Change the format of feature_version to be a (major, minor) " +"tuple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27192 +msgid "" +":issue:`36607`: Eliminate :exc:`RuntimeError` raised by " +":func:`asyncio.all_tasks` if internal tasks weak set is changed by another " +"thread during iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27196 +msgid "" +":issue:`18748`: :class:`!_pyio.IOBase` destructor now does nothing if " +"getting the ``closed`` attribute fails to better mimic :class:`!_io.IOBase` " +"finalizer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27200 +msgid "" +":issue:`36402`: Fix a race condition at Python shutdown when waiting for " +"threads. Wait until the Python thread state of all non-daemon threads get " +"deleted (join all non-daemon threads), rather than just wait until non-" +"daemon Python threads complete." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27205 +msgid "" +":issue:`37206`: Default values which cannot be represented as Python objects" +" no longer improperly represented as ``None`` in function signatures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27208 +msgid "" +":issue:`37111`: Added ``encoding`` and ``errors`` keyword parameters to " +"``logging.basicConfig``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27211 +msgid "" +":issue:`12144`: Ensure cookies with ``expires`` attribute are handled in " +":meth:`CookieJar.make_cookies`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27214 +msgid "" +":issue:`34886`: Fix an unintended ValueError from :func:`subprocess.run` " +"when checking for conflicting *input* and *stdin* or *capture_output* and " +"*stdout* or *stderr* args when they were explicitly provided but with " +"``None`` values within a passed in ``**kwargs`` dict rather than as passed " +"directly by name. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27220 +msgid "" +":issue:`37173`: The exception message for ``inspect.getfile()`` now " +"correctly reports the passed class rather than the builtins module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27223 +msgid "" +":issue:`37178`: Give math.perm() a one argument form that means the same as " +"math.factorial()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27226 +msgid "" +":issue:`37178`: For math.perm(n, k), let k default to n, giving the same " +"result as factorial." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27229 +msgid "" +":issue:`37165`: Converted _collections._count_elements to use the Argument " +"Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27232 +msgid "" +":issue:`34767`: Do not always create a :class:`collections.deque` in " +":class:`asyncio.Lock`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27235 +msgid "" +":issue:`37158`: Speed-up statistics.fmean() by switching from a function to " +"a generator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27238 +msgid ":issue:`34282`: Remove ``Enum._convert`` method, deprecated in 3.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27240 +msgid "" +":issue:`37150`: ``argparse._ActionsContainer.add_argument`` now throws " +"error, if someone accidentally pass FileType class object instead of " +"instance of FileType as ``type`` argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27244 +msgid "" +":issue:`28724`: The socket module now has the :func:`socket.send_fds` and " +":func:`socket.recv.fds` methods. Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye, Shinya " +"Okano and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27248 +msgid "" +":issue:`35621`: Support running asyncio subprocesses when execution event " +"loop in a thread on UNIX." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27251 +msgid "" +":issue:`36520`: Lengthy email headers with UTF-8 characters are now properly" +" encoded when they are folded. Patch by Jeffrey Kintscher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27254 +msgid "" +":issue:`30835`: Fixed a bug in email parsing where a message with invalid " +"bytes in content-transfer-encoding of a multipart message can cause an " +"AttributeError. Patch by Andrew Donnellan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27258 +msgid "" +":issue:`31163`: pathlib.Path instance's rename and replace methods now " +"return the new Path instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27261 +msgid "" +":issue:`25068`: :class:`urllib.request.ProxyHandler` now lowercases the keys" +" of the passed dictionary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27264 +msgid "" +":issue:`26185`: Fix :func:`repr` on empty :class:`ZipInfo` object. Patch by " +"Mickaël Schoentgen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27267 +msgid "" +":issue:`21315`: Email headers containing RFC2047 encoded words are parsed " +"despite the missing whitespace, and a defect registered. Also missing " +"trailing whitespace after encoded words is now registered as a defect." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27271 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Port test_datetime to VxWorks: skip zoneinfo tests on " +"VxWorks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27273 +msgid "" +":issue:`35805`: Add parser for Message-ID header and add it to default " +"HeaderRegistry. This should prevent folding of Message-ID using RFC 2048 " +"encoded words." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27277 +msgid "" +":issue:`36871`: Ensure method signature is used instead of constructor " +"signature of a class while asserting mock object against method calls. Patch" +" by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27281 +msgid "" +":issue:`35070`: posix.getgrouplist() now works correctly when the user " +"belongs to NGROUPS_MAX supplemental groups. Patch by Jeffrey Kintscher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27284 +msgid "" +":issue:`31783`: Fix race condition in ThreadPoolExecutor when worker threads" +" are created during interpreter shutdown." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27287 +msgid "" +":issue:`36582`: Fix ``UserString.encode()`` to correctly return ``bytes`` " +"rather than a ``UserString`` instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27290 +msgid "" +":issue:`32424`: Deprecate xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.copy() in favor of " +"copy.copy()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27293 +msgid "Patch by Gordon P. Hemsley" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27295 +msgid "" +":issue:`36564`: Fix infinite loop in email header folding logic that would " +"be triggered when an email policy's max_line_length is not long enough to " +"include the required markup and any values in the message. Patch by Paul " +"Ganssle" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27300 +msgid "" +":issue:`36543`: Removed methods Element.getchildren(), Element.getiterator()" +" and ElementTree.getiterator() and the xml.etree.cElementTree module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27303 +msgid ":issue:`36409`: Remove the old plistlib API deprecated in Python 3.4" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27305 +msgid "" +":issue:`36302`: distutils sorts source file lists so that Extension .so " +"files build more reproducibly by default" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27308 +msgid "" +":issue:`36250`: Ignore ``ValueError`` from ``signal`` with ``interaction`` " +"in non-main thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27311 +msgid "" +":issue:`36046`: Added ``user``, ``group`` and ``extra_groups`` parameters to" +" the subprocess.Popen constructor. Patch by Patrick McLean." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27314 +msgid "" +":issue:`32627`: Fix compile error when ``_uuid`` headers conflicting " +"included." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27316 +msgid "" +":issue:`35800`: Deprecate ``smtpd.MailmanProxy`` ready for future removal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27318 +msgid "" +":issue:`35168`: :attr:`shlex.shlex.punctuation_chars` is now a read-only " +"property." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27321 +msgid "" +":issue:`8538`: Add support for boolean actions like ``--foo`` and ``--no-" +"foo`` to argparse. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27324 +msgid "" +":issue:`20504`: Fixes a bug in :mod:`!cgi` module when a multipart/form-data" +" request has no ``Content-Length`` header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27327 +msgid "" +":issue:`25988`: The abstract base classes in :mod:`collections.abc` no " +"longer are exposed in the regular :mod:`collections` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27330 +msgid "" +":issue:`11122`: Distutils won't check for rpmbuild in specified paths only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27332 +msgid "" +":issue:`34775`: Division handling of PurePath now returns NotImplemented " +"instead of raising a TypeError when passed something other than an instance " +"of str or PurePath. Patch by Roger Aiudi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27336 +msgid "" +":issue:`34749`: :func:`binascii.a2b_base64` is now up to 2 times faster. " +"Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27339 +msgid "" +":issue:`34519`: Add additional aliases for HP Roman 8. Patch by Michael " +"Osipov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27341 +msgid "" +":issue:`28009`: Fix uuid.getnode() on platforms with '.' as MAC Addr " +"delimiter as well fix for MAC Addr format that omits a leading 0 in MAC Addr" +" values. Currently, AIX is the only know platform with these settings. Patch" +" by Michael Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27346 +msgid "" +":issue:`30618`: Add :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink`. Patch by Girts " +"Folkmanis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27348 +msgid "" +":issue:`32498`: Made :func:`urllib.parse.unquote` accept bytes in addition " +"to strings. Patch by Stein Karlsen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27351 +msgid "" +":issue:`33348`: lib2to3 now recognizes expressions after ``*`` and ``**`` " +"like in ``f(*[] or [])``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27354 +msgid "" +":issue:`32689`: Update :func:`shutil.move` function to allow for Path " +"objects to be used as source argument. Patch by Emily Morehouse and Maxwell " +"\"5.13b\" McKinnon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27358 +msgid "" +":issue:`32820`: Added ``__format__`` to IPv4 and IPv6 classes. Always " +"outputs a fully zero-padded string. Supports b/x/n modifiers (bin/hex/native" +" format). Native format for IPv4 is bin, native format for IPv6 is hex. Also" +" supports '#' and '_' modifiers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27363 +msgid "" +":issue:`27657`: Fix urllib.parse.urlparse() with numeric paths. A string " +"like \"path:80\" is no longer parsed as a path but as a scheme (\"path\") " +"and a path (\"80\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27367 +msgid "" +":issue:`4963`: Fixed non-deterministic behavior related to mimetypes " +"extension mapping and module reinitialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27373 +msgid "" +":issue:`21767`: Explicitly mention abc support in functools.singledispatch" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27375 +msgid "" +":issue:`38816`: Provides more details about the interaction between " +":c:func:`fork` and CPython's runtime, focusing just on the C-API. This " +"includes cautions about where :c:func:`fork` should and shouldn't be called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27380 +msgid "" +":issue:`38351`: Modernize :mod:`email` examples from %-formatting to " +"f-strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27382 +msgid "" +":issue:`38778`: Document the fact that :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised if " +":meth:`os.fork` is called in a subinterpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27385 +msgid "" +":issue:`38592`: Add Brazilian Portuguese to the language switcher at Python " +"Documentation website." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27388 +msgid "" +":issue:`38294`: Add list of no-longer-escaped chars to re.escape " +"documentation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27390 +msgid ":issue:`38053`: Modernized the plistlib documentation" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27392 +msgid "" +":issue:`26868`: Fix example usage of :c:func:`PyModule_AddObject` to " +"properly handle errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27395 +msgid ":issue:`36797`: Fix a dead link in the distutils API Reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27397 +msgid ":issue:`37977`: Warn more strongly and clearly about pickle insecurity" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27399 +msgid "" +":issue:`37979`: Added a link to dateutil.parser.isoparse in the " +"datetime.fromisoformat documentation. Patch by Paul Ganssle" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27402 +msgid "" +":issue:`12707`: Deprecate info(), geturl(), getcode() methods in favor of " +"the headers, url, and status properties, respectively, for HTTPResponse and " +"addinfourl. Also deprecate the code attribute of addinfourl in favor of the " +"status attribute. Patch by Ashwin Ramaswami" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27407 +msgid "" +":issue:`37937`: Mention ``frame.f_trace`` in :func:`sys.settrace` docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27409 +msgid ":issue:`37878`: Make :c:func:`PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent` Internal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27411 +msgid ":issue:`37759`: Beginning edits to Whatsnew 3.8" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27413 +msgid "" +":issue:`37726`: Stop recommending getopt in the tutorial for command line " +"argument parsing and promote argparse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27416 +msgid "" +":issue:`32910`: Remove implementation-specific behaviour of how venv's " +"Deactivate works." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27419 +msgid "" +":issue:`37256`: Fix wording of arguments for :class:`Request` in " +":mod:`urllib.request`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27422 +msgid "" +":issue:`37284`: Add a brief note to indicate that any new " +"``sys.implementation`` required attributes must go through the PEP process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27426 +msgid "" +":issue:`30088`: Documented that :class:`mailbox.Maildir` constructor doesn't" +" attempt to verify the maildir folder layout correctness. Patch by " +"Sviatoslav Sydorenko." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27430 +msgid "" +":issue:`37521`: Fix ``importlib`` examples to insert any newly created " +"modules via importlib.util.module_from_spec() immediately into sys.modules " +"instead of after calling loader.exec_module()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27434 +msgid "Thanks to Benjamin Mintz for finding the bug." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27436 +msgid ":issue:`37456`: Slash ('/') is now part of syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27438 +msgid ":issue:`37487`: Fix PyList_GetItem index description to include 0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27440 +msgid "" +":issue:`37149`: Replace the dead link to the Tkinter 8.5 reference by John " +"Shipman, New Mexico Tech, with a link to the archive.org copy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27443 +msgid "" +":issue:`37478`: Added possible exceptions to the description of os.chdir()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27445 +msgid "" +":issue:`34903`: Documented that in :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime`, the " +"leading zero in some two-digit formats is optional. Patch by Mike Gleen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27448 +msgid "" +":issue:`36260`: Add decompression pitfalls to zipfile module documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27450 +msgid "" +":issue:`37004`: In the documentation for difflib, a note was added " +"explicitly warning that the results of SequenceMatcher's ratio method may " +"depend on the order of the input strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27454 +msgid "" +":issue:`36960`: Restructured the :mod:`datetime` docs in the interest of " +"making them more user-friendly and improving readability. Patch by Brad " +"Solomon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27457 +msgid "" +":issue:`36487`: Make C-API docs clear about what the \"main\" interpreter " +"is." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27459 +msgid "" +":issue:`23460`: The documentation for decimal string formatting using the " +"``:g`` specifier has been updated to reflect the correct exponential " +"notation cutoff point. Original patch contributed by Tuomas Suutari." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27463 +msgid "" +":issue:`35803`: Document and test that ``tempfile`` functions may accept a " +":term:`path-like object` for the ``dir`` argument. Patch by Anthony " +"Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27467 +msgid "" +":issue:`33944`: Added a note about the intended use of code in .pth files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27469 +msgid "" +":issue:`34293`: Fix the Doc/Makefile regarding PAPER environment variable " +"and PDF builds" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27472 +msgid ":issue:`25237`: Add documentation for tkinter modules" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27477 +msgid "" +":issue:`38614`: Fix test_communicate() of test_asyncio.test_subprocess: use " +"``support.LONG_TIMEOUT`` (5 minutes), instead of just 1 minute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27480 +msgid "" +":issue:`38614`: Add timeout constants to :mod:`test.support`: " +":data:`~test.support.LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT`, " +":data:`~test.support.INTERNET_TIMEOUT`, :data:`~test.support.SHORT_TIMEOUT` " +"and :data:`~test.support.LONG_TIMEOUT`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27486 +msgid "" +":issue:`38502`: test.regrtest now uses process groups in the multiprocessing" +" mode (-jN command line option) if process groups are available: if " +":func:`os.setsid` and :func:`os.killpg` functions are available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27490 +msgid "" +":issue:`35998`: Fix a race condition in " +"test_asyncio.test_start_tls_server_1(). Previously, there was a race " +"condition between the test main() function which replaces the protocol and " +"the test ServerProto protocol which sends ANSWER once it gets HELLO. Now, " +"only the test main() function is responsible to send data, ServerProto no " +"longer sends data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27496 +msgid "" +":issue:`38470`: Fix ``test_compileall.test_compile_dir_maxlevels()`` on " +"Windows without long path support: only create 3 subdirectories instead of " +"between 20 and 100 subdirectories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27500 +msgid "" +":issue:`37531`: On timeout, regrtest no longer attempts to call " +"``popen.communicate()`` again: it can hang until all child processes using " +"stdout and stderr pipes completes. Kill the worker process and ignores its " +"output. Change also the faulthandler timeout of the main process from 1 " +"minute to 5 minutes, for Python slowest buildbots." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27506 +msgid ":issue:`38239`: Fix test_gdb for Link Time Optimization (LTO) builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27508 +msgid "" +":issue:`38275`: test_ssl now handles disabled TLS/SSL versions better. " +"OpenSSL's crypto policy and run-time settings are recognized and tests for " +"disabled versions are skipped. Tests also accept more TLS minimum_versions " +"for platforms that override OpenSSL's default with strict settings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27513 +msgid "" +":issue:`38271`: The private keys for test_ssl were encrypted with 3DES in " +"traditional PKCS#5 format. 3DES and the digest algorithm of PKCS#5 are " +"blocked by some strict crypto policies. Use PKCS#8 format with AES256 " +"encryption instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27518 +msgid "" +":issue:`38270`: test.support now has a helper function to check for " +"availability of a hash digest function. Several tests are refactored avoid " +"MD5 and use SHA256 instead. Other tests are marked to use MD5 and skipped " +"when MD5 is disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27523 +msgid "" +":issue:`37123`: Multiprocessing test test_mymanager() now also expects " +"-SIGTERM, not only exitcode 0. BaseManager._finalize_manager() sends SIGTERM" +" to the manager process if it takes longer than 1 second to stop, which " +"happens on slow buildbots." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27528 +msgid "" +":issue:`38212`: Multiprocessing tests: increase " +"test_queue_feeder_donot_stop_onexc() timeout from 1 to 60 seconds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27531 +msgid ":issue:`38117`: Test with OpenSSL 1.1.1d" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27533 +msgid "" +":issue:`38018`: Increase code coverage for multiprocessing.shared_memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27535 +msgid "" +":issue:`37805`: Add tests for json.dump(..., skipkeys=True). Patch by " +"Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27538 +msgid "" +":issue:`37531`: Enhance regrtest multiprocess timeout: write a message when " +"killing a worker process, catch popen.kill() and popen.wait() exceptions, " +"put a timeout on the second call to popen.communicate()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27542 +msgid ":issue:`37876`: Add tests for ROT-13 codec." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27544 +msgid "" +":issue:`36833`: Added tests for :samp:`PyDateTime_{xxx}_GET_{xxx}()` macros " +"of the C API of the :mod:`datetime` module. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27547 +msgid "" +":issue:`37558`: Fix test_shared_memory_cleaned_after_process_termination " +"name handling" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27550 +msgid "" +":issue:`37526`: Add :func:`test.support.catch_threading_exception`: context " +"manager catching :class:`threading.Thread` exception using " +":func:`threading.excepthook`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27554 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: test_concurrent_futures now explicitly stops the ForkServer " +"instance if it's running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27557 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: multiprocessing tests now stop the ForkServer instance if " +"it's running: close the \"alive\" file descriptor to ask the server to stop " +"and then remove its UNIX address." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27561 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: test_distutils.test_build_ext() is now able to remove the " +"temporary directory on Windows: don't import the newly built C extension " +"(\"xx\") in the current process, but test it in a separated process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27565 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: test_concurrent_futures now cleans up multiprocessing to " +"remove immediately temporary directories created by " +"multiprocessing.util.get_temp_dir()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27569 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: test_winconsoleio doesn't leak a temporary file anymore: use" +" tempfile.TemporaryFile() to remove it when the test completes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27572 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: multiprocessing tests now explicitly call " +"``_run_finalizers()`` to immediately remove temporary directories created by" +" tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27575 +msgid "" +":issue:`37421`: urllib.request tests now call " +":func:`~urllib.request.urlcleanup` to remove temporary files created by " +"``urlretrieve()`` tests and to clear the ``_opener`` global variable set by " +"``urlopen()`` and functions calling indirectly ``urlopen()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27580 +msgid ":issue:`37472`: Remove ``Lib/test/outstanding_bugs.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27582 +msgid "" +":issue:`37199`: Fix test failures when IPv6 is unavailable or disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27584 +msgid "" +":issue:`19696`: Replace deprecated method \"random.choose\" with " +"\"random.choice\" in \"test_pkg_import.py\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27587 +msgid "" +":issue:`37335`: Remove no longer necessary code from c locale coercion tests" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27589 +msgid ":issue:`37421`: Fix test_shutil to no longer leak temporary files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27591 +msgid "" +":issue:`37411`: Fix test_wsgiref.testEnviron() to no longer depend on the " +"environment variables (don't fail if \"X\" variable is set)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27594 +msgid "" +":issue:`37400`: Fix test_os.test_chown(): use os.getgroups() rather than " +"grp.getgrall() to get groups. Rename also the test to test_chown_gid()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27597 +msgid "" +":issue:`37359`: Add --cleanup option to python3 -m test to remove " +"``test_python_*`` directories of previous failed jobs. Add \"make " +"cleantest\" to run ``python3 -m test --cleanup``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27601 +msgid "" +":issue:`37362`: test_gdb no longer fails if it gets an \"unexpected\" " +"message on stderr: it now ignores stderr. The purpose of test_gdb is to test" +" that python-gdb.py commands work as expected, not to test gdb." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27605 +msgid "" +":issue:`35998`: Avoid TimeoutError in test_asyncio: " +"test_start_tls_server_1()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27607 +msgid "" +":issue:`37278`: Fix test_asyncio ProactorLoopCtrlC: join the thread to " +"prevent leaking a running thread and leaking a reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27610 +msgid "" +":issue:`37261`: Fix :func:`test.support.catch_unraisable_exception`: its " +"__exit__() method now ignores unraisable exception raised when clearing its " +"``unraisable`` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27614 +msgid "" +":issue:`37069`: regrtest now uses :func:`sys.unraisablehook` to mark a test " +"as \"environment altered\" (ENV_CHANGED) if it emits an \"unraisable " +"exception\". Moreover, regrtest logs a warning in this case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27618 +msgid "" +"Use ``python3 -m test --fail-env-changed`` to catch unraisable exceptions in" +" tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27621 +msgid "" +":issue:`37252`: Fix assertions in ``test_close`` and " +"``test_events_mask_overflow`` devpoll tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27624 +msgid ":issue:`37169`: Rewrite ``_PyObject_IsFreed()`` unit tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27626 +msgid "" +":issue:`37153`: ``test_venv.test_multiprocessing()`` now explicitly calls " +"``pool.terminate()`` to wait until the pool completes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27629 +msgid "" +":issue:`34001`: Make test_ssl pass with LibreSSL. LibreSSL handles minimum " +"and maximum TLS version differently than OpenSSL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27632 +msgid "" +":issue:`36919`: Make ``test_source_encoding.test_issue2301`` implementation " +"independent. The test will work now for both CPython and IronPython." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27635 +msgid "" +":issue:`30202`: Update ``test.test_importlib.test_abc`` to test " +"``find_spec()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27638 +msgid "" +":issue:`28009`: Modify the test_uuid logic to test when a program is " +"available AND can be used to obtain a MACADDR as basis for an UUID. Patch by" +" M. Felt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27641 +msgid "" +":issue:`34596`: Fallback to a default reason when :func:`unittest.skip` is " +"uncalled. Patch by Naitree Zhu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27647 +msgid "" +":issue:`38809`: On Windows, build scripts will now recognize and use " +"python.exe from an active virtual env." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27650 +msgid "" +":issue:`38684`: Fix _hashlib build when Blake2 is disabled, but OpenSSL " +"supports it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27653 +msgid "" +":issue:`38468`: Misc/python-config.in now uses ``getvar()`` for all still " +"existing ``sysconfig.get_config_var()`` calls. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27656 +msgid "" +":issue:`37415`: Fix stdatomic.h header check for ICC compiler: the ICC " +"implementation lacks atomic_uintptr_t type which is needed by Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27659 +msgid "" +":issue:`38301`: In Solaris family, we must be sure to use ``-D_REENTRANT``. " +"Patch by Jesús Cea Avión." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27662 +msgid "" +":issue:`36002`: Locate ``llvm-profdata`` and ``llvm-ar`` binaries using " +"``AC_PATH_TOOL`` rather than ``AC_PATH_TARGET_TOOL``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27665 +msgid "" +":issue:`37936`: The :file:`.gitignore` file systematically keeps \"rooted\"," +" with a non-trailing slash, all the rules that are meant to apply to files " +"in a specific place in the repo. Previously, when the intended file to " +"ignore happened to be at the root of the repo, we'd most often accidentally " +"also ignore files and directories with the same name anywhere in the tree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27671 +msgid "" +":issue:`37760`: The :file:`Tools/unicode/makeunicodedata.py` script, which " +"is used for converting information from the Unicode Character Database into " +"generated code and data used by the methods of :class:`str` and by the " +":mod:`unicodedata` module, now handles each character's data as a " +"``dataclass`` with named attributes, rather than a length-18 list of " +"different fields." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27678 +msgid "" +":issue:`37936`: The :file:`.gitignore` file no longer applies to any files " +"that are in fact tracked in the Git repository. Patch by Greg Price." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27681 +msgid "" +":issue:`37725`: Change \"clean\" makefile target to also clean the program " +"guided optimization (PGO) data. Previously you would have to use \"make " +"clean\" and \"make profile-removal\", or \"make clobber\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27685 +msgid "" +":issue:`37707`: Mark some individual tests to skip when --pgo is used. The " +"tests marked increase the PGO task time significantly and likely don't help " +"improve optimization of the final executable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27689 +msgid "" +":issue:`36044`: Reduce the number of unit tests run for the PGO generation " +"task. This speeds up the task by a factor of about 15x. Running the full " +"unit test suite is slow. This change may result in a slightly less " +"optimized build since not as many code branches will be executed. If you " +"are willing to wait for the much slower build, the old behavior can be " +"restored using './configure [..] PROFILE_TASK=\"-m test --pgo-extended\"'. " +"We make no guarantees as to which PGO task set produces a faster build. " +"Users who care should run their own relevant benchmarks as results can " +"depend on the environment, workload, and compiler tool chain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27699 +msgid "" +":issue:`37468`: ``make install`` no longer installs ``wininst-*.exe`` files " +"used by distutils bdist_wininst: bdist_wininst only works on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27702 +msgid "" +":issue:`37189`: Many :samp:`PyRun_{XXX}()` functions like " +":c:func:`PyRun_String` were no longer exported in ``libpython38.dll`` by " +"mistake. Export them again to fix the ABI compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27706 +msgid "" +":issue:`25361`: Enables use of SSE2 instructions in Windows 32-bit build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27708 +msgid "" +":issue:`36210`: Update optional extension module detection for AIX. " +"ossaudiodev and spwd are not applicable for AIX, and are no longer reported " +"as missing. 3rd-party packaging of ncurses (with ASIS support) conflicts " +"with officially supported AIX curses library, so configure AIX to use " +"libcurses.a. However, skip trying to build _curses_panel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27714 +msgid "patch by M Felt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27719 +msgid "" +":issue:`38589`: Fixes HTML Help shortcut when Windows is not installed to C " +"drive" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27722 +msgid "" +":issue:`38453`: Ensure ntpath.realpath() correctly resolves relative paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27724 +msgid "" +":issue:`38519`: Restores the internal C headers that were missing from the " +"nuget.org and Microsoft Store packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27727 +msgid "" +":issue:`38492`: Remove ``pythonw.exe`` dependency on the Microsoft C++ " +"runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27729 +msgid ":issue:`38344`: Fix error message in activate.bat" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27731 +msgid "" +":issue:`38359`: Ensures ``pyw.exe`` launcher reads correct registry key." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27733 +msgid "" +":issue:`38355`: Fixes ``ntpath.realpath`` failing on ``sys.executable``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27735 +msgid ":issue:`38117`: Update bundled OpenSSL to 1.1.1d" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27737 +msgid "" +":issue:`38092`: Reduce overhead when using multiprocessing in a Windows " +"virtual environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27740 +msgid "" +":issue:`38133`: Allow py.exe launcher to locate installations from the " +"Microsoft Store and improve display of active virtual environments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27743 +msgid "" +":issue:`38114`: The ``pip.ini`` is no longer included in the Nuget package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27745 +msgid "" +":issue:`32592`: Set Windows 8 as the minimum required version for API " +"support" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27747 +msgid "" +":issue:`36634`: :func:`os.cpu_count` now returns active processors rather " +"than maximum processors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27750 +msgid "" +":issue:`36634`: venv activate.bat now works when the existing variables " +"contain double quote characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27753 +msgid "" +":issue:`38081`: Prevent error calling :func:`os.path.realpath` on ``'NUL'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27755 +msgid ":issue:`38087`: Fix case sensitivity in test_pathlib and test_ntpath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27757 +msgid "" +":issue:`38088`: Fixes distutils not finding vcruntime140.dll with only the " +"v142 toolset installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27760 +msgid "" +":issue:`37283`: Ensure command-line and unattend.xml setting override " +"previously detected states in Windows installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27763 +msgid "" +":issue:`38030`: Fixes :func:`os.stat` failing for block devices on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27765 +msgid "" +":issue:`38020`: Fixes potential crash when calling :func:`os.readlink` (or " +"indirectly through :func:`~os.path.realpath`) on a file that is not a " +"supported link." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27769 +msgid ":issue:`37705`: Improve the implementation of ``winerror_to_errno()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27771 +msgid "" +":issue:`37549`: :func:`os.dup` no longer fails for standard streams on " +"Windows 7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27774 +msgid "" +":issue:`1311`: The ``nul`` file on Windows now returns True from " +":func:`~os.path.exists` and a valid result from :func:`os.stat` with " +"``S_IFCHR`` set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27778 +msgid "" +":issue:`9949`: Enable support for following symlinks in :func:`os.realpath`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27780 +msgid "" +":issue:`37834`: Treat all name surrogate reparse points on Windows in " +":func:`os.lstat` and other reparse points as regular files in " +":func:`os.stat`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27784 +msgid "" +":issue:`36266`: Add the module name in the formatted error message when DLL " +"load fail happens during module import in " +"``_PyImport_FindSharedFuncptrWindows()``. Patch by Srinivas Nyayapati." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27788 +msgid "" +":issue:`25172`: Trying to import the :mod:`!crypt` module on Windows will " +"result in an :exc:`ImportError` with a message explaining that the module " +"isn't supported on Windows. On other platforms, if the underlying ``_crypt``" +" module is not available, the ImportError will include a message explaining " +"the problem." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27794 +msgid "" +":issue:`37778`: Fixes the icons used for file associations to the Microsoft " +"Store package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27797 +msgid "" +":issue:`37734`: Fix use of registry values to launch Python from Microsoft " +"Store app." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27800 +msgid "" +":issue:`37702`: Fix memory leak on Windows in creating an SSLContext object " +"or running ``urllib.request.urlopen('https://...')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27803 +msgid "" +":issue:`37672`: Switch Windows Store package's pip to use bundled " +":file:`pip.ini` instead of :envvar:`PIP_USER` variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27806 +msgid "" +":issue:`10945`: Officially drop support for creating bdist_wininst " +"installers on non-Windows systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27809 +msgid "" +":issue:`37445`: Include the ``FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS`` flag in " +"``FormatMessageW()`` calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27812 +msgid "" +":issue:`37369`: Fixes path for :data:`sys.executable` when running from the " +"Microsoft Store." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27815 +msgid "" +":issue:`37380`: Don't collect unfinished processes with " +"``subprocess._active`` on Windows to cleanup later. Patch by Ruslan " +"Kuprieiev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27818 +msgid "" +":issue:`37351`: Removes libpython38.a from standard Windows distribution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27820 +msgid ":issue:`35360`: Update Windows builds to use SQLite 3.28.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27822 +msgid "" +":issue:`37267`: On Windows, :func:`os.dup` no longer creates an inheritable " +"fd when handling a character file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27825 +msgid "" +":issue:`36779`: Ensure ``time.tzname`` is correct on Windows when the active" +" code page is set to CP_UTF7 or CP_UTF8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27828 +msgid "" +":issue:`32587`: Make :const:`winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ` support zero-length " +"strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27830 +msgid "" +":issue:`28269`: Replace use of :c:func:`strcasecmp` for the system function " +":c:func:`!_stricmp`. Patch by Minmin Gong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27833 +msgid ":issue:`36590`: Add native Bluetooth RFCOMM support to socket module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27838 +msgid ":issue:`38117`: Updated OpenSSL to 1.1.1d in macOS installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27840 +msgid "" +":issue:`38089`: Move Azure Pipelines to latest VM versions and make macOS " +"tests optional" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27843 +msgid "" +":issue:`18049`: Increase the default stack size of threads from 5MB to 16MB " +"on macOS, to match the stack size of the main thread. This avoids crashes on" +" deep recursion in threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27847 +msgid "" +":issue:`34602`: Avoid test suite failures on macOS by no longer calling " +"resource.setrlimit to increase the process stack size limit at runtime. The " +"runtime change is no longer needed since the interpreter is being built with" +" a larger default stack size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27852 +msgid ":issue:`35360`: Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.28.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27854 +msgid ":issue:`34631`: Updated OpenSSL to 1.1.1c in macOS installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27859 +msgid ":issue:`26353`: Stop adding newline when saving an IDLE shell window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27861 +msgid "" +":issue:`4630`: Add an option to toggle IDLE's cursor blink for shell, " +"editor, and output windows. See Settings, General, Window Preferences, " +"Cursor Blink. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27865 +msgid ":issue:`38598`: Do not try to compile IDLE shell or output windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27867 +msgid "" +":issue:`36698`: IDLE no longer fails when write non-encodable characters to " +"stderr. It now escapes them with a backslash, as the regular Python " +"interpreter. Added the ``errors`` field to the standard streams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27871 +msgid "" +":issue:`35379`: When exiting IDLE, catch any AttributeError. One happens " +"when EditorWindow.close is called twice. Printing a traceback, when IDLE is" +" run from a terminal, is useless and annoying." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27875 +msgid "" +":issue:`38183`: To avoid problems, test_idle ignores the user config " +"directory. It no longer tries to create or access .idlerc or any files " +"within. Users must run IDLE to discover problems with saving settings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27879 +msgid "" +":issue:`38077`: IDLE no longer adds 'argv' to the user namespace when " +"initializing it. This bug only affected 3.7.4 and 3.8.0b2 to 3.8.0b4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27882 +msgid "" +":issue:`38041`: Shell restart lines now fill the window width, always start " +"with '=', and avoid wrapping unnecessarily. The line will still wrap if the " +"included file name is long relative to the width." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27886 +msgid "" +":issue:`35771`: To avoid occasional spurious test_idle failures on slower " +"machines, increase the ``hover_delay`` in test_tooltip." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27889 +msgid "" +":issue:`37824`: Properly handle user input warnings in IDLE shell. Cease " +"turning SyntaxWarnings into SyntaxErrors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27892 +msgid "" +":issue:`37929`: IDLE Settings dialog now closes properly when there is no " +"shell window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27895 +msgid "" +":issue:`37902`: Add mousewheel scrolling for IDLE module, path, and stack " +"browsers. Patch by George Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27898 +msgid "" +":issue:`37849`: Fixed completions list appearing too high or low when shown " +"above the current line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27901 +msgid ":issue:`36419`: Refactor IDLE autocomplete and improve testing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27903 +msgid "" +":issue:`37748`: Reorder the Run menu. Put the most common choice, Run " +"Module, at the top." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27906 +msgid "" +":issue:`37692`: Improve highlight config sample with example shell " +"interaction and better labels for shell elements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27909 +msgid ":issue:`37628`: Settings dialog no longer expands with font size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27911 +msgid "" +":issue:`37627`: Initialize the Customize Run dialog with the command line " +"arguments most recently entered before. The user can optionally edit before" +" submitting them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27915 +msgid "" +":issue:`33610`: Fix code context not showing the correct context when first " +"toggled on." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27918 +msgid "" +":issue:`37530`: Optimize code context to reduce unneeded background " +"activity. Font and highlight changes now occur along with text changes " +"instead of after a random delay." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27922 +msgid "" +":issue:`27452`: Cleanup ``config.py`` by inlining ``RemoveFile`` and " +"simplifying the handling of ``file`` in ``CreateConfigHandlers``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27925 +msgid "" +":issue:`37325`: Fix tab focus traversal order for help source and custom run" +" dialogs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27928 +msgid "" +":issue:`37321`: Both subprocess connection error messages now refer to the " +"'Startup failure' section of the IDLE doc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27931 +msgid "" +":issue:`17535`: Add optional line numbers for IDLE editor windows. Windows " +"open without line numbers unless set otherwise in the General tab of the " +"configuration dialog." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27935 +msgid "" +":issue:`26806`: To compensate for stack frames added by IDLE and avoid " +"possible problems with low recursion limits, add 30 to limits in the user " +"code execution process. Subtract 30 when reporting recursion limits to make" +" this addition mostly transparent." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27940 +msgid "" +":issue:`37177`: Properly 'attach' search dialogs to their main window so " +"that they behave like other dialogs and do not get hidden behind their main " +"window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27944 +msgid "" +":issue:`37039`: Adjust \"Zoom Height\" to individual screens by momentarily " +"maximizing the window on first use with a particular screen. Changing " +"screen settings may invalidate the saved height. While a window is " +"maximized, \"Zoom Height\" has no effect." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27949 +msgid "" +":issue:`35763`: Make calltip reminder about '/' meaning positional-only less" +" obtrusive by only adding it when there is room on the first line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27952 +msgid "" +":issue:`5680`: Add 'Run... Customized' to the Run menu to run a module with " +"customized settings. Any 'command line arguments' entered are added to " +"sys.argv. One can suppress the normal Shell main module restart." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27956 +msgid "" +":issue:`36390`: Gather Format menu functions into format.py. Combine " +"paragraph.py, rstrip.py, and format methods from editor.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27962 +msgid "" +":issue:`38118`: Update Valgrind suppression file to ignore a false alarm in " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_Decode` when using GCC builtin strcmp()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27965 +msgid "" +":issue:`38347`: pathfix.py: Assume all files that end on '.py' are Python " +"scripts when working recursively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27968 +msgid "" +":issue:`37803`: pdb's ``--help`` and ``--version`` long options now work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27970 +msgid ":issue:`37942`: Improve ArgumentClinic converter for floats." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27972 +msgid "" +":issue:`37704`: Remove ``Tools/scripts/h2py.py``: use cffi to access a C API" +" in Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27975 +msgid "" +":issue:`37675`: 2to3 now works when run from a zipped standard library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27977 +msgid "" +":issue:`37034`: Argument Clinic now uses the argument name on errors with " +"keyword-only argument instead of their position. Patch contributed by Rémi " +"Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27981 +msgid "" +":issue:`37064`: Add option -k to pathscript.py script: preserve shebang " +"flags. Add option -a to pathscript.py script: add flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27987 +msgid "" +":issue:`37633`: Re-export some function compatibility wrappers for macros in" +" ``pythonrun.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27990 +msgid "" +":issue:`38644`: Provide :c:func:`Py_EnterRecursiveCall` and " +":c:func:`Py_LeaveRecursiveCall` as regular functions for the limited API. " +"Previously, there were defined as macros, but these macros didn't work with " +"the limited API which cannot access ``PyThreadState.recursion_depth`` field." +" Remove ``_Py_CheckRecursionLimit`` from the stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27996 +msgid "" +":issue:`38650`: The global variable :c:data:`PyStructSequence_UnnamedField` " +"is now a constant and refers to a constant string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:27999 +msgid "" +":issue:`38540`: Fixed possible leak in :c:func:`PyArg_Parse` and similar " +"functions for format units ``\"es#\"`` and ``\"et#\"`` when the macro " +":c:macro:`PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN` is not defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28003 +msgid "" +":issue:`38395`: Fix a crash in :class:`weakref.proxy` objects due to " +"incorrect lifetime management when calling some associated methods that may " +"delete the last reference to object being referenced by the proxy. Patch by " +"Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28008 +msgid "" +":issue:`36389`: The ``_PyObject_CheckConsistency()`` function is now also " +"available in release mode. For example, it can be used to debug a crash in " +"the ``visit_decref()`` function of the GC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28012 +msgid "" +":issue:`38266`: Revert the removal of PyThreadState_DeleteCurrent() with " +"documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28015 +msgid "" +":issue:`38303`: Update audioop extension module to use the stable ABI " +"(PEP-384). Patch by Tyler Kieft." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28018 +msgid "" +":issue:`38234`: :c:func:`!Py_SetPath` now sets :data:`sys.executable` to the" +" program full path (:c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`) rather than to the " +"program name (:c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28022 +msgid "" +":issue:`38234`: Python ignored arguments passed to :c:func:`!Py_SetPath`, " +":c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome` and :c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName`: fix Python " +"initialization to use specified arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28026 +msgid "" +":issue:`38205`: The :c:func:`Py_UNREACHABLE` macro now calls " +":c:func:`Py_FatalError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28029 +msgid "" +":issue:`38140`: Make dict and weakref offsets opaque for C heap types by " +"passing the offsets through PyMemberDef" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28032 +msgid "" +":issue:`15088`: The C function ``PyGen_NeedsFinalizing`` has been removed. " +"It was not documented, tested or used anywhere within CPython after the " +"implementation of :pep:`442`. Patch by Joannah Nanjekye. (Patch by Joannah " +"Nanjekye)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28037 +msgid "" +":issue:`36763`: Options added by ``PySys_AddXOption()`` are now handled the " +"same way than ``PyConfig.xoptions`` and command line ``-X`` options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28040 +msgid ":issue:`37926`: Fix a crash in ``PySys_SetArgvEx(0, NULL, 0)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28042 +msgid "" +":issue:`37879`: Fix subtype_dealloc to suppress the type decref when the " +"base type is a C heap type" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28045 +msgid "" +":issue:`37645`: Add :c:func:`!_PyObject_FunctionStr` to get a user-friendly " +"string representation of a function-like object. Patch by Jeroen Demeyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28048 +msgid "" +":issue:`29548`: The functions ``PyEval_CallObject``, " +"``PyEval_CallFunction``, ``PyEval_CallMethod`` and " +"``PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords`` are deprecated. Use " +":c:func:`PyObject_Call` and its variants instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28052 +msgid "" +":issue:`37151`: ``PyCFunction_Call`` is now a deprecated alias of " +":c:func:`PyObject_Call`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28055 +msgid "" +":issue:`37540`: The vectorcall protocol now requires that the caller passes " +"only strings as keyword names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28058 +msgid "" +":issue:`37207`: The vectorcall protocol is now enabled for ``type`` objects:" +" set ``tp_vectorcall`` to a vectorcall function to be used instead of " +"``tp_new`` and ``tp_init`` when calling the class itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28062 +msgid "" +":issue:`21120`: Exclude Python-ast.h, ast.h and asdl.h from the limited API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28064 +msgid "" +":issue:`37483`: Add new function ``_PyObject_CallOneArg`` for calling an " +"object with one positional argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28067 +msgid ":issue:`36763`: Add :c:func:`PyConfig_SetWideStringList` function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28069 +msgid "" +":issue:`37337`: Add fast functions for calling methods: " +":c:func:`!_PyObject_VectorcallMethod`, :c:func:`!_PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs`" +" and :c:func:`!_PyObject_CallMethodOneArg`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28074 +msgid "" +":issue:`28805`: The :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` calling convention has been " +"documented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28077 +msgid "" +":issue:`37221`: The new function :c:func:`!PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs` allows" +" to create code objects like :c:func:`!PyCode_New`, but with an extra " +"*posonlyargcount* parameter for indicating the number of positonal-only " +"arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28082 +msgid ":issue:`37215`: Fix dtrace issue introduce by :issue:`36842`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28084 +msgid "" +":issue:`37194`: Add a new public :c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` function to " +"the C API: call a callable Python object without any arguments. It is the " +"most efficient way to call a callback without any argument. On x86-64, for " +"example, ``PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(func, NULL)`` allocates 960 bytes on" +" the stack per call, whereas ``PyObject_CallNoArgs(func)`` only allocates " +"624 bytes per call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28091 +msgid "" +":issue:`37170`: Fix the cast on error in " +":c:func:`PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask()`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28094 +msgid "" +":issue:`35381`: Convert posixmodule.c statically allocated types " +"``DirEntryType`` and ``ScandirIteratorType`` to heap-allocated types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28097 +msgid "" +":issue:`34331`: Use singular/plural noun in error message when instantiating" +" an abstract class with non-overridden abstract method(s)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28102 +msgid "Python 3.8.0 beta 1" +msgstr "Python 3.8.0 beta 1" + +#: ../NEWS:28104 +msgid "*Release date: 2019-06-04*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2019-06-04*" + +#: ../NEWS:28109 +msgid "" +":issue:`35907`: :cve:`2019-9948`: Avoid file reading by disallowing ``local-" +"file://`` and ``local_file://`` URL schemes in ``URLopener().open()`` and " +"``URLopener().retrieve()`` of :mod:`urllib.request`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28114 +msgid "" +":issue:`33529`: Prevent fold function used in email header encoding from " +"entering infinite loop when there are too many non-ASCII characters in a " +"header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28118 +msgid "" +":issue:`33164`: Updated blake2 implementation which uses secure memset " +"implementation provided by platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28124 +msgid "" +":issue:`35814`: Allow unpacking in the right hand side of annotated " +"assignments. In particular, ``t: Tuple[int, ...] = x, y, *z`` is now " +"allowed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28128 +msgid "" +":issue:`37126`: All structseq objects are now tracked by the garbage " +"collector. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28131 +msgid "" +":issue:`37122`: Make the *co_argcount* attribute of code objects represent " +"the total number of positional arguments (including positional-only " +"arguments). The value of *co_posonlyargcount* can be used to distinguish " +"which arguments are positional only, and the difference (*co_argcount* - " +"*co_posonlyargcount*) is the number of positional-or-keyword arguments. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28138 +msgid "" +":issue:`20092`: Constructors of :class:`int`, :class:`float` and " +":class:`complex` will now use the :meth:`~object.__index__` special method, " +"if available and the corresponding method :meth:`~object.__int__`, " +":meth:`~object.__float__` or :meth:`~object.__complex__` is not available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28143 +msgid ":issue:`37087`: Add native thread ID (TID) support to OpenBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28145 +msgid "" +":issue:`26219`: Implemented per opcode cache mechanism and ``LOAD_GLOBAL`` " +"instruction use it. ``LOAD_GLOBAL`` is now about 40% faster. Contributed by " +"Yury Selivanov, and Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28149 +msgid "" +":issue:`37072`: Fix crash in PyAST_FromNodeObject() when flags is NULL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28151 +msgid "" +":issue:`37029`: Freeing a great many small objects could take time quadratic" +" in the number of arenas, due to using linear search to keep " +"``obmalloc.c``'s list of usable arenas sorted by order of number of free " +"memory pools. This is accomplished without search now, leaving the worst-" +"case time linear in the number of arenas. For programs where this quite " +"visibly matters (typically with more than 100 thousand small objects alive " +"simultaneously), this can greatly reduce the time needed to release their " +"memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28160 +msgid "" +":issue:`26423`: Fix possible overflow in ``wrap_lenfunc()`` when " +"``sizeof(long) < sizeof(Py_ssize_t)`` (e.g., 64-bit Windows)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28163 +msgid "" +":issue:`37050`: Improve the AST for \"debug\" f-strings, which use '=' to " +"print out the source of the expression being evaluated. Delete expr_text " +"from the FormattedValue node, and instead use a Constant string node " +"(possibly merged with adjacent constant expressions inside the f-string)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28168 +msgid "" +":issue:`22385`: The ``bytes.hex``, ``bytearray.hex``, and ``memoryview.hex``" +" methods as well as the ``binascii.hexlify`` and ``b2a_hex`` functions now " +"have the ability to include an optional separator between hex bytes. This " +"functionality was inspired by MicroPython's hexlify implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28173 +msgid ":issue:`26836`: Add :func:`os.memfd_create`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28175 +msgid "" +":issue:`37032`: Added new ``replace()`` method to the code type " +"(:class:`types.CodeType`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28178 +msgid "" +":issue:`37007`: Implement :func:`socket.if_nameindex`, " +":func:`socket.if_nametoindex`, and :func:`socket.if_indextoname` on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28182 +msgid "" +":issue:`36829`: :c:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` now creates a traceback " +"object if there is no current traceback. Moreover, call " +":c:func:`PyErr_NormalizeException` and :c:func:`PyException_SetTraceback` to" +" normalize the exception value. Ignore any error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28187 +msgid "" +":issue:`36878`: Only accept text after ``# type: ignore`` if the first " +"character is ASCII. This is to disallow things like ``# type: ignoreé``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28190 +msgid "" +":issue:`36878`: Store text appearing after a ``# type: ignore`` comment in " +"the AST. For example a type ignore like ``# type: ignore[E1000]`` will have " +"the string ``\"[E1000]\"`` stored in its AST node." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28194 +msgid "" +":issue:`2180`: Treat line continuation at EOF as a ``SyntaxError`` by " +"Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28197 +msgid "" +":issue:`36907`: Fix a crash when calling a C function with a keyword dict " +"(``f(**kwargs)``) and changing the dict ``kwargs`` while that function is " +"running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28201 +msgid "" +":issue:`36946`: Fix possible signed integer overflow when handling slices." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28203 +msgid ":issue:`36826`: Add NamedExpression kind support to ast_unparse.c" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28205 +msgid "" +":issue:`1875`: A :exc:`SyntaxError` is now raised if a code blocks that will" +" be optimized away (e.g. if conditions that are always false) contains " +"syntax errors. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28209 +msgid "" +":issue:`36027`: Allow computation of modular inverses via three-argument " +"``pow``: the second argument is now permitted to be negative in the case " +"where the first and third arguments are relatively prime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28213 +msgid ":issue:`36861`: Update the Unicode database to version 12.1.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28215 +msgid "" +":issue:`28866`: Avoid caching attributes of classes which type defines mro()" +" to avoid a hard cache invalidation problem." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28218 +msgid "" +":issue:`36851`: The ``FrameType`` stack is now correctly cleaned up if the " +"execution ends with a return and the stack is not empty." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28221 +msgid "" +":issue:`34616`: The ``compile()`` builtin functions now support the " +"``ast.PyCF_ALLOW_TOP_LEVEL_AWAIT`` flag, which allow to compile sources " +"that contains top-level ``await``, ``async with`` or ``async for``. This is" +" useful to evaluate async-code from with an already async functions; for " +"example in a custom REPL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28227 +msgid "" +":issue:`36842`: Implement PEP 578, adding sys.audit, io.open_code and " +"related APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28230 +msgid "" +":issue:`27639`: Correct return type for UserList slicing operations. Patch " +"by Michael Blahay, Erick Cervantes, and vaultah" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28233 +msgid "" +":issue:`36737`: Move PyRuntimeState.warnings into per-interpreter state (via" +" \"module state\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28236 +msgid "" +":issue:`36793`: Removed ``__str__`` implementations from builtin types " +":class:`bool`, :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex` and few " +"classes from the standard library. They now inherit ``__str__()`` from " +":class:`object`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28241 +msgid "" +":issue:`36817`: Add a ``=`` feature f-strings for debugging. This can " +"precede ``!s``, ``!r``, or ``!a``. It produces the text of the expression, " +"followed by an equal sign, followed by the repr of the value of the " +"expression. So ``f'{3*9+15=}'`` would be equal to the string " +"``'3*9+15=42'``. If ``=`` is specified, the default conversion is set to " +"``!r``, unless a format spec is given, in which case the formatting behavior" +" is unchanged, and __format__ will be used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28249 +msgid "" +":issue:`24048`: Save the live exception during import.c's " +"``remove_module()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28251 +msgid "" +":issue:`27987`: pymalloc returns memory blocks aligned by 16 bytes, instead " +"of 8 bytes, on 64-bit platforms to conform x86-64 ABI. Recent compilers " +"assume this alignment more often. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28255 +msgid "" +":issue:`36601`: A long-since-meaningless check for ``getpid() == main_pid`` " +"was removed from Python's internal C signal handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28258 +msgid "" +":issue:`36594`: Fix incorrect use of ``%p`` in format strings. Patch by " +"Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28261 +msgid "" +":issue:`36045`: ``builtins.help()`` now prefixes ``async`` for async " +"functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28263 +msgid "" +":issue:`36084`: Add native thread ID (TID) to threading.Thread objects " +"(supported platforms: Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, macOS)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28266 +msgid "" +":issue:`36035`: Added fix for broken symlinks in combination with pathlib" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28268 +msgid "" +":issue:`35983`: Added new trashcan macros to deal with a double deallocation" +" that could occur when the ``tp_dealloc`` of a subclass calls the " +"``tp_dealloc`` of a base class and that base class uses the trashcan " +"mechanism. Patch by Jeroen Demeyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28273 +msgid "" +":issue:`20602`: Do not clear :data:`sys.flags` and :data:`sys.float_info` " +"during shutdown. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28276 +msgid "" +":issue:`26826`: Expose :func:`copy_file_range` as a low level API in the " +":mod:`os` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28279 +msgid "" +":issue:`32388`: Remove cross-version binary compatibility requirement in " +"tp_flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28282 +msgid "" +":issue:`31862`: Port binascii to PEP 489 multiphase initialization. Patch by" +" Marcel Plch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28288 +msgid ":issue:`37128`: Added :func:`math.perm`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28290 +msgid "" +":issue:`37120`: Add SSLContext.num_tickets to control the number of TLSv1.3 " +"session tickets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28293 +msgid "" +":issue:`12202`: Fix the error handling in " +":meth:`!msilib.SummaryInformation.GetProperty`. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28296 +msgid "" +":issue:`26835`: The fcntl module now contains file sealing constants for " +"sealing of memfds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28299 +msgid "" +":issue:`29262`: Add ``get_origin()`` and ``get_args()`` introspection " +"helpers to ``typing`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28302 +msgid "" +":issue:`12639`: :meth:`!msilib.Directory.start_component` no longer fails if" +" *keyfile* is not ``None``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28305 +msgid "" +":issue:`36999`: Add the ``asyncio.Task.get_coro()`` method to publicly " +"expose the tasks's coroutine object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28308 +msgid "" +":issue:`35246`: Make :func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` accept path-like" +" arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28311 +msgid "" +":issue:`35279`: Change default *max_workers* of ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` from " +"``cpu_count() * 5`` to ``min(32, cpu_count() + 4)``. Previous value was " +"unreasonably large on many cores machines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28315 +msgid "" +":issue:`37076`: :func:`_thread.start_new_thread` now logs uncaught exception" +" raised by the function using :func:`sys.unraisablehook`, rather than " +":func:`sys.excepthook`, so the hook gets access to the function which raised" +" the exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28320 +msgid "" +":issue:`33725`: On macOS, the :mod:`multiprocessing` module now uses *spawn*" +" start method by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28323 +msgid "" +":issue:`37054`: Fix destructor :class:`!_pyio.BytesIO` and " +":class:`!_pyio.TextIOWrapper`: initialize their ``_buffer`` attribute as " +"soon as possible (in the class body), because it's used by ``__del__()`` " +"which calls ``close()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28328 +msgid "" +":issue:`37058`: PEP 544: Add ``Protocol`` and ``@runtime_checkable`` to the " +"``typing`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28331 +msgid "" +":issue:`36933`: The functions ``sys.set_coroutine_wrapper`` and " +"``sys.get_coroutine_wrapper`` that were deprecated and marked for removal in" +" 3.8 have been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28335 +msgid "" +":issue:`37047`: Handle late binding and attribute access in " +":class:`unittest.mock.AsyncMock` setup for autospeccing. Document newly " +"implemented async methods in :class:`unittest.mock.MagicMock`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28339 +msgid ":issue:`37049`: PEP 589: Add ``TypedDict`` to the ``typing`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28341 +msgid ":issue:`37046`: PEP 586: Add ``Literal`` to the ``typing`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28343 +msgid "" +":issue:`37045`: PEP 591: Add ``Final`` qualifier and ``@final`` decorator to" +" the ``typing`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28346 +msgid "" +":issue:`37035`: Don't log OSError based exceptions if a fatal error has " +"occurred in asyncio transport. Peer can generate almost any OSError, user " +"cannot avoid these exceptions by fixing own code. Errors are still " +"propagated to user code, it's just logging them is pointless and pollute " +"asyncio logs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28352 +msgid "" +":issue:`37001`: :func:`symtable.symtable` now accepts the same input types " +"for source code as the built-in :func:`compile` function. Patch by Dino " +"Viehland." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28356 +msgid ":issue:`37028`: Implement asyncio REPL" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28358 +msgid "" +":issue:`37027`: Return safe to use proxy socket object from " +"transport.get_extra_info('socket')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28361 +msgid ":issue:`32528`: Make asyncio.CancelledError a BaseException." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28363 +msgid "" +"This will address the common mistake many asyncio users make: an \"except " +"Exception\" clause breaking Tasks cancellation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28366 +msgid "" +"In addition to this change, we stop inheriting asyncio.TimeoutError and " +"asyncio.InvalidStateError from their concurrent.futures.* counterparts. " +"There's no point for these exceptions to share the inheritance chain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28370 +msgid "" +":issue:`1230540`: Add a new :func:`threading.excepthook` function which " +"handles uncaught :meth:`threading.Thread.run` exception. It can be " +"overridden to control how uncaught :meth:`threading.Thread.run` exceptions " +"are handled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28374 +msgid "" +":issue:`36996`: Handle :func:`unittest.mock.patch` used as a decorator on " +"async functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28377 +msgid "" +":issue:`37008`: Add support for calling :func:`next` with the mock resulting" +" from :func:`unittest.mock.mock_open`" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28380 +msgid "" +":issue:`27737`: Allow whitespace only header encoding in ``email.header`` - " +"by Batuhan Taskaya" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28383 +msgid "" +":issue:`36969`: PDB command ``args`` now display positional only arguments." +" Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28386 +msgid "" +":issue:`36969`: PDB command ``args`` now display keyword only arguments. " +"Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28389 +msgid "" +":issue:`36983`: Add missing names to ``typing.__all__``: ``ChainMap``, " +"``ForwardRef``, ``OrderedDict`` - by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28392 +msgid "" +":issue:`36972`: Add SupportsIndex protocol to the typing module to allow " +"type checking to detect classes that can be passed to ``hex()``, ``oct()`` " +"and ``bin()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28396 +msgid "" +":issue:`32972`: Implement ``unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase`` to help " +"testing asyncio-based code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28399 +msgid "" +":issue:`36952`: :func:`fileinput.input` and :class:`fileinput.FileInput` " +"**bufsize** argument has been removed (was deprecated and ignored since " +"Python 3.6), and as a result the **mode** and **openhook** arguments have " +"been made keyword-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28404 +msgid "" +":issue:`36952`: Starting with Python 3.3, importing ABCs from " +":mod:`collections` is deprecated, and import should be done from " +":mod:`collections.abc`. Still being able to import from :mod:`collections` " +"was marked for removal in 3.8, but has been delayed to 3.9; documentation " +"and ``DeprecationWarning`` clarified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28410 +msgid ":issue:`36949`: Implement __repr__ for WeakSet objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28412 +msgid "" +":issue:`36948`: Fix :exc:`NameError` in " +":meth:`urllib.request.URLopener.retrieve`. Patch by Karthikeyan " +"Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28416 +msgid "" +":issue:`33524`: Fix the folding of email header when the max_line_length is " +"0 or None and the header contains non-ascii characters. Contributed by " +"Licht Takeuchi (@Licht-T)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28420 +msgid "" +":issue:`24564`: :func:`shutil.copystat` now ignores :const:`errno.EINVAL` on" +" :func:`os.setxattr` which may occur when copying files on filesystems " +"without extended attributes support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28424 +msgid "Original patch by Giampaolo Rodola, updated by Ying Wang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28426 +msgid "" +":issue:`36888`: Python child processes can now access the status of their " +"parent process using multiprocessing.process.parent_process" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28429 +msgid ":issue:`36921`: Deprecate ``@coroutine`` for sake of ``async def``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28431 +msgid "" +":issue:`25652`: Fix bug in ``__rmod__`` of ``UserString`` - by Batuhan " +"Taskaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28433 +msgid "" +":issue:`36916`: Remove a message about an unhandled exception in a task when" +" writer.write() is used without await and writer.drain() fails with an " +"exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28437 +msgid "" +":issue:`36889`: Introduce :class:`asyncio.Stream` class that merges " +":class:`asyncio.StreamReader` and :class:`asyncio.StreamWriter` " +"functionality. :class:`asyncio.Stream` can work in readonly, writeonly and " +"readwrite modes. Provide :func:`asyncio.connect`, " +":func:`asyncio.connect_unix`, :func:`asyncio.connect_read_pipe` and " +":func:`asyncio.connect_write_pipe` factories to open :class:`asyncio.Stream`" +" connections. Provide :class:`asyncio.StreamServer` and " +":class:`UnixStreamServer` to serve servers with asyncio.Stream API. Modify " +":func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` and " +":func:`asyncio.create_subprocess_exec` to use :class:`asyncio.Stream` " +"instead of deprecated :class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter`. " +"Deprecate :class:`asyncio.StreamReader` and :class:`asyncio.StreamWriter`. " +"Deprecate usage of private classes, e.g. :class:`asyncio.FlowControlMixing` " +"and :class:`asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol` outside of asyncio package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28453 +msgid "" +":issue:`36845`: Added validation of integer prefixes to the construction of " +"IP networks and interfaces in the ipaddress module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28456 +msgid ":issue:`23378`: Add an extend action to argparser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28458 +msgid "" +":issue:`36867`: Fix a bug making a SharedMemoryManager instance and its " +"parent process use two separate resource_tracker processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28461 +msgid "" +":issue:`23896`: Adds a grammar to lib2to3.pygram that contains exec as a " +"function not as statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28464 +msgid "" +":issue:`36895`: The function ``time.clock()`` was deprecated in 3.3 in favor" +" of ``time.perf_counter()`` and marked for removal in 3.8, it has removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28467 +msgid "" +":issue:`35545`: Fix asyncio discarding IPv6 scopes when ensuring hostname " +"resolutions internally" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28470 +msgid "" +":issue:`36887`: Add new function :func:`math.isqrt` to compute integer " +"square roots." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28473 +msgid "" +":issue:`34632`: Introduce the ``importlib.metadata`` module with " +"(provisional) support for reading metadata from third-party packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28476 +msgid "" +":issue:`36878`: When using ``type_comments=True`` in ``ast.parse``, treat " +"``# type: ignore`` followed by a non-alphanumeric character and then " +"arbitrary text as a type ignore, instead of requiring nothing but whitespace" +" or another comment. This is to permit formations such as ``# type: " +"ignore[E1000]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28482 +msgid "" +":issue:`36778`: ``cp65001`` encoding (Windows code page 65001) becomes an " +"alias to ``utf_8`` encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28485 +msgid "" +":issue:`36867`: The multiprocessing.resource_tracker replaces the " +"multiprocessing.semaphore_tracker module. Other than semaphores, " +"resource_tracker also tracks shared_memory segments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28489 +msgid "" +":issue:`30262`: The ``Cache`` and ``Statement`` objects of the " +":mod:`sqlite3` module are not exposed to the user. Patch by Aviv Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28492 +msgid "" +":issue:`24538`: In ``shutil.copystat()``, first copy extended file " +"attributes and then file permissions, since extended attributes can only be " +"set on the destination while it is still writeable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28496 +msgid "" +":issue:`36829`: Add new :func:`sys.unraisablehook` function which can be " +"overridden to control how \"unraisable exceptions\" are handled. It is " +"called when an exception has occurred but there is no way for Python to " +"handle it. For example, when a destructor raises an exception or during " +"garbage collection (:func:`gc.collect`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28502 +msgid "" +":issue:`36832`: Introducing ``zipfile.Path``, a pathlib-compatible wrapper " +"for traversing zip files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28505 +msgid "" +":issue:`36814`: Fix an issue where os.posix_spawnp() would incorrectly raise" +" a TypeError when file_actions is None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28508 +msgid "" +":issue:`33110`: Handle exceptions raised by functions added by " +"concurrent.futures add_done_callback correctly when the Future has already " +"completed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28512 +msgid "" +":issue:`26903`: Limit ``max_workers`` in ``ProcessPoolExecutor`` to 61 to " +"work around a WaitForMultipleObjects limitation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28515 +msgid "" +":issue:`36813`: Fix :class:`~logging.handlers.QueueListener` to call " +"``queue.task_done()`` upon stopping. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28518 +msgid "" +":issue:`36806`: Forbid creation of asyncio stream objects like StreamReader," +" StreamWriter, Process, and their protocols outside of asyncio package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28521 +msgid "" +":issue:`36802`: Provide both sync and async calls for StreamWriter.write() " +"and StreamWriter.close()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28524 +msgid "" +":issue:`36801`: Properly handle SSL connection closing in asyncio " +"StreamWriter.drain() call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28527 +msgid "" +":issue:`36785`: Implement PEP 574 (pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band " +"buffers)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28529 +msgid "" +":issue:`36772`: functools.lru_cache() can now be used as a straight " +"decorator in addition to its existing usage as a function that returns a " +"decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28532 +msgid "" +":issue:`6584`: Add a :exc:`~gzip.BadGzipFile` exception to the :mod:`gzip` " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28535 +msgid "" +":issue:`36748`: Optimized write buffering in C implementation of " +"``TextIOWrapper``. Writing ASCII string to ``TextIOWrapper`` with ascii, " +"latin1, or utf-8 encoding is about 20% faster. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28539 +msgid "" +":issue:`8138`: Don't mark ``wsgiref.simple_server.SimpleServer`` as multi-" +"threaded since ``wsgiref.simple_server.WSGIServer`` is single-threaded." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28543 +msgid "" +":issue:`22640`: :func:`py_compile.compile` now supports silent mode. Patch " +"by Joannah Nanjekye" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28546 +msgid "" +":issue:`29183`: Fix double exceptions in " +":class:`wsgiref.handlers.BaseHandler` by calling its " +":meth:`~wsgiref.handlers.BaseHandler.close` method only when no exception is" +" raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28550 +msgid ":issue:`36548`: Improved the repr of regular expression flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28552 +msgid "" +":issue:`36542`: The signature of Python functions can now be overridden by " +"specifying the ``__text_signature__`` attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28555 +msgid "" +":issue:`36533`: Reinitialize logging.Handler locks in forked child processes" +" instead of attempting to acquire them all in the parent before forking only" +" to be released in the child process. The acquire/release pattern was " +"leading to deadlocks in code that has implemented any form of chained " +"logging handlers that depend upon one another as the lock acquisition order " +"cannot be guaranteed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28562 +msgid "" +":issue:`35252`: Throw a TypeError instead of an AssertionError when using an" +" invalid type annotation with singledispatch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28565 +msgid "" +":issue:`35900`: Allow reduction methods to return a 6-item tuple where the " +"6th item specifies a custom state-setting method that's called instead of " +"the regular ``__setstate__`` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28569 +msgid "" +":issue:`35900`: enable custom reduction callback registration for functions " +"and classes in _pickle.c, using the new Pickler's attribute " +"``reducer_override``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28573 +msgid "" +":issue:`36368`: Fix a bug crashing SharedMemoryManager instances in " +"interactive sessions after a ctrl-c (KeyboardInterrupt) was sent" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28576 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Fix mmap fail for VxWorks" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28578 +msgid "" +":issue:`27497`: :meth:`csv.DictWriter.writeheader` now returns the return " +"value of the underlying :meth:`csv.Writer.writerow` method. Patch " +"contributed by Ashish Nitin Patil." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28582 +msgid "" +":issue:`36239`: Parsing .mo files now ignores comments starting and ending " +"with #-#-#-#-#." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28585 +msgid "" +":issue:`26707`: Enable plistlib to read and write binary plist files that " +"were created as a KeyedArchive file. Specifically, this allows the plistlib " +"to process 0x80 tokens as UID objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28589 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Add posix module support for VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28591 +msgid "" +":issue:`35125`: Asyncio: Remove inner callback on outer cancellation in " +"shield" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28593 +msgid "" +":issue:`35721`: Fix :meth:`asyncio.SelectorEventLoop.subprocess_exec` leaks " +"file descriptors if ``Popen`` fails and called with " +"``stdin=subprocess.PIPE``. Patch by Niklas Fiekas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28597 +msgid "" +":issue:`31855`: :func:`unittest.mock.mock_open` results now respects the " +"argument of read([size]). Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28600 +msgid "" +":issue:`35431`: Implement :func:`math.comb` that returns binomial " +"coefficient, that computes the number of ways to choose k items from n items" +" without repetition and without order. Patch by Yash Aggarwal and Keller " +"Fuchs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28604 +msgid "" +":issue:`26660`: Fixed permission errors in " +":class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` clean up. Previously " +"``TemporaryDirectory.cleanup()`` failed when non-writeable or non-searchable" +" files or directories were created inside a temporary directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28610 +msgid "" +":issue:`34271`: Add debugging helpers to ssl module. It's now possible to " +"dump key material and to trace TLS protocol. The default and stdlib contexts" +" also support SSLKEYLOGFILE env var." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28614 +msgid "" +":issue:`26467`: Added AsyncMock to support using unittest to mock asyncio " +"coroutines. Patch by Lisa Roach." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28617 +msgid "" +":issue:`33569`: dataclasses.InitVar: Exposes the type used to create the " +"init var." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28620 +msgid "" +":issue:`34424`: Fix serialization of messages containing encoded strings " +"when the policy.linesep is set to a multi-character string. Patch by Jens " +"Troeger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28624 +msgid "" +":issue:`34303`: Performance of :func:`functools.reduce` is slightly " +"improved. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28627 +msgid "" +":issue:`33361`: Fix a bug in :class:`codecs.StreamRecoder` where seeking " +"might leave old data in a buffer and break subsequent read calls. Patch by " +"Ammar Askar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28631 +msgid "" +":issue:`22454`: The :mod:`shlex` module now exposes :func:`shlex.join`, the " +"inverse of :func:`shlex.split`. Patch by Bo Bayles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28634 +msgid "" +":issue:`31922`: :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_datagram_endpoint`: " +"Do not connect UDP socket when broadcast is allowed. This allows to receive " +"replies after a UDP broadcast." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28638 +msgid "" +":issue:`24882`: Change ThreadPoolExecutor to use existing idle threads " +"before spinning up new ones." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28641 +msgid "" +":issue:`31961`: Added support for bytes and path-like objects in " +":func:`subprocess.Popen` on Windows. The *args* parameter now accepts a " +":term:`path-like object` if *shell* is ``False`` and a sequence containing " +"bytes and path-like objects. The *executable* parameter now accepts a bytes " +"and :term:`path-like object`. The *cwd* parameter now accepts a bytes " +"object. Based on patch by Anders Lorentsen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28648 +msgid "" +":issue:`33123`: :class:`pathlib.Path.unlink` now accepts a *missing_ok* " +"parameter to avoid a :exc:`FileNotFoundError` from being raised. Patch by " +"Robert Buchholz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28652 +msgid "" +":issue:`32941`: Allow :class:`mmap.mmap` objects to access the madvise() " +"system call (through :meth:`mmap.mmap.madvise`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28655 +msgid "" +":issue:`22102`: Added support for ZIP files with disks set to 0. Such files " +"are commonly created by builtin tools on Windows when use ZIP64 extension. " +"Patch by Francisco Facioni." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28659 +msgid "" +":issue:`32515`: trace.py can now run modules via python3 -m trace -t " +"--module module_name" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28662 +msgid "" +":issue:`32299`: Changed :func:`unittest.mock.patch.dict` to return the " +"patched dictionary when used as context manager. Patch by Vadim Tsander." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28665 +msgid "" +":issue:`27141`: Added a ``__copy__()`` to ``collections.UserList`` and " +"``collections.UserDict`` in order to correctly implement shallow copying of " +"the objects. Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28669 +msgid "" +":issue:`31829`: ``\\r``, ``\\0`` and ``\\x1a`` (end-of-file on Windows) are " +"now escaped in protocol 0 pickles of Unicode strings. This allows to load " +"them without loss from files open in text mode in Python 2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28673 +msgid "" +":issue:`23395`: ``_thread.interrupt_main()`` now avoids setting the Python " +"error status if the ``SIGINT`` signal is ignored or not handled by Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28679 +msgid "" +":issue:`36896`: Clarify that some types have unstable constructor signature " +"between Python versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28682 +msgid "" +":issue:`36686`: Improve documentation of the stdin, stdout, and stderr " +"arguments of the ``asyncio.subprocess_exec`` function to specify which " +"values are supported. Also mention that decoding as text is not supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28686 +msgid "" +"Add a few tests to verify that the various values passed to the std* " +"arguments actually work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28689 +msgid "" +":issue:`36984`: Improve version added references in ``typing`` module - by " +"Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28692 +msgid "" +":issue:`36868`: What's new now mentions " +"SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name instead of SSLContext.host_flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28695 +msgid "" +":issue:`35924`: Add a note to the ``curses.addstr()`` documentation to warn " +"that multiline strings can cause segfaults because of an ncurses bug." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28698 +msgid "" +":issue:`36783`: Added C API Documentation for Time_FromTimeAndFold and " +"PyDateTime_FromDateAndTimeAndFold as per PEP 495. Patch by Edison Abahurire." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28702 +msgid "" +":issue:`36797`: More of the legacy distutils documentation has been either " +"pruned, or else more clearly marked as being retained solely until the " +"setuptools documentation covers it independently." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28706 +msgid "" +":issue:`22865`: Add detail to the documentation on the ``pty.spawn`` " +"function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28708 +msgid "" +":issue:`35397`: Remove deprecation and document urllib.parse.unwrap(). Patch" +" contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28711 +msgid ":issue:`32995`: Added the context variable in glossary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28713 +msgid "" +":issue:`33519`: Clarify that ``copy()`` is not part of the " +"``MutableSequence`` ABC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28716 +msgid "" +":issue:`33482`: Make ``codecs.StreamRecoder.writelines`` take a list of " +"bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28718 +msgid "" +":issue:`25735`: Added documentation for func factorial to indicate that " +"returns integer values" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28721 +msgid "" +":issue:`20285`: Expand object.__doc__ (docstring) to make it clearer. Modify" +" pydoc.py so that help(object) lists object methods (for other classes, help" +" omits methods of the object base class.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28728 +msgid "" +":issue:`37069`: Modify test_coroutines, test_cprofile, test_generators, " +"test_raise, test_ssl and test_yield_from to use " +":func:`test.support.catch_unraisable_exception` rather than " +":func:`test.support.captured_stderr`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28733 +msgid ":issue:`37098`: Fix test_memfd_create on older Linux Kernels." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28735 +msgid ":issue:`37081`: Test with OpenSSL 1.1.1c" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28737 +msgid "" +":issue:`36829`: Add :func:`test.support.catch_unraisable_exception`: context" +" manager catching unraisable exception using :func:`sys.unraisablehook`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28740 +msgid "" +":issue:`36915`: The main regrtest process now always removes all temporary " +"directories of worker processes even if they crash or if they are killed on " +"KeyboardInterrupt (CTRL+c)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28744 +msgid "" +":issue:`36719`: \"python3 -m test -jN ...\" now continues the execution of " +"next tests when a worker process crash (CHILD_ERROR state). Previously, the " +"test suite stopped immediately. Use --failfast to stop at the first error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28748 +msgid "" +":issue:`36816`: Update Lib/test/selfsigned_pythontestdotnet.pem to match " +"self-signed.pythontest.net's new TLS certificate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28751 +msgid "" +":issue:`35925`: Skip httplib and nntplib networking tests when they would " +"otherwise fail due to a modern OS or distro with a default OpenSSL policy of" +" rejecting connections to servers with weak certificates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28755 +msgid "" +":issue:`36782`: Add tests for several C API functions in the :mod:`datetime`" +" module. Patch by Edison Abahurire." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28758 +msgid "" +":issue:`36342`: Fix test_multiprocessing in test_venv if platform lacks " +"functioning sem_open." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28764 +msgid "" +":issue:`36721`: To embed Python into an application, a new ``--embed`` " +"option must be passed to ``python3-config --libs --embed`` to get " +"``-lpython3.8`` (link the application to libpython). To support both 3.8 and" +" older, try ``python3-config --libs --embed`` first and fallback to " +"``python3-config --libs`` (without ``--embed``) if the previous command " +"fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28770 +msgid "" +"Add a pkg-config ``python-3.8-embed`` module to embed Python into an " +"application: ``pkg-config python-3.8-embed --libs`` includes " +"``-lpython3.8``. To support both 3.8 and older, try ``pkg-config " +"python-X.Y-embed --libs`` first and fallback to ``pkg-config python-X.Y " +"--libs`` (without ``--embed``) if the previous command fails (replace " +"``X.Y`` with the Python version)." +msgstr "" +"增加一个 pkg-config ``python-3.8-embed`` 模块用来将 Python 嵌入到一个应用中: ``pkg-config " +"python-3.8-embed --libs`` 包含 ``-lpython3.8``。 要同时支持 3.8 和旧版本，请先尝试 ``pkg-" +"config python-X.Y-embed --libs`` 并在此命令失败时回退到 ``pkg-config python-X.Y " +"--libs`` (即不带 ``--embed``) （请将 ``X.Y`` 替换为 Python 版本号）。" + +#: ../NEWS:28777 +msgid "" +"On the other hand, ``pkg-config python3.8 --libs`` no longer contains " +"``-lpython3.8``. C extensions must not be linked to libpython (except on " +"Android, case handled by the script); this change is backward incompatible " +"on purpose." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28782 +msgid ":issue:`36786`: \"make install\" now runs compileall in parallel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28787 +msgid "" +":issue:`36965`: include of STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT without depending on MSC " +"compiler" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28790 +msgid ":issue:`35926`: Update to OpenSSL 1.1.1b for Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28792 +msgid "" +":issue:`29883`: Add Windows support for UDP transports for the Proactor " +"Event Loop. Patch by Adam Meily." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28795 +msgid "" +":issue:`33407`: The :c:macro:`Py_DEPRECATED()` macro has been implemented " +"for MSVC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28801 +msgid "" +":issue:`36231`: Support building Python on macOS without /usr/include " +"installed. As of macOS 10.14, system header files are only available within " +"an SDK provided by either the Command Line Tools or the Xcode app." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28808 +msgid "" +":issue:`35610`: Replace now redundant .context_use_ps1 with " +".prompt_last_line. This finishes change started in :issue:`31858`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28811 +msgid ":issue:`37038`: Make idlelib.run runnable; add test clause." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28813 +msgid "" +":issue:`36958`: Print any argument other than None or int passed to " +"SystemExit or sys.exit()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28816 +msgid "" +":issue:`36807`: When saving a file, call os.fsync() so bits are flushed to " +"e.g. USB drive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28819 +msgid "" +":issue:`32411`: In browser.py, remove extraneous sorting by line number " +"since dictionary was created in line number order." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28825 +msgid "" +":issue:`37053`: Handle strings like u\"bar\" correctly in " +"Tools/parser/unparse.py. Patch by Chih-Hsuan Yen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28831 +msgid "" +":issue:`36763`: Implement the :pep:`587` \"Python Initialization " +"Configuration\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28833 +msgid "" +":issue:`36379`: Fix crashes when attempting to use the *modulo* parameter " +"when ``__ipow__`` is implemented in C." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28836 +msgid "" +":issue:`37107`: Update :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs` and " +"``_PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs`` to use ``_PyObject_GetMethod`` to avoid " +"creating a bound method object in many cases. Patch by Michael J. Sullivan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28841 +msgid "" +":issue:`36974`: Implement :pep:`590`: Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol " +"for CPython. This is a new protocol to optimize calls of custom callable " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28845 +msgid "" +":issue:`36763`: ``Py_Main()`` now returns the exitcode rather than calling " +"``Py_Exit(exitcode)`` when calling ``PyErr_Print()`` if the current " +"exception type is ``SystemExit``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28849 +msgid "" +":issue:`36922`: Add new type flag ``Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR`` for " +"objects behaving like unbound methods. These are objects supporting the " +"optimization given by the ``LOAD_METHOD``/``CALL_METHOD`` opcodes. See PEP " +"590." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28854 +msgid "" +":issue:`36728`: The :c:func:`!PyEval_ReInitThreads` function has been " +"removed from the C API. It should not be called explicitly: use " +":c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28860 +msgid "Python 3.8.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "Python 3.8.0 alpha 4" + +#: ../NEWS:28862 +msgid "*Release date: 2019-05-06*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2019-05-06*" + +#: ../NEWS:28867 +msgid "" +":issue:`36742`: Fixes mishandling of pre-normalization characters in " +"urlsplit()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28870 +msgid "" +":issue:`30458`: Address :cve:`2019-9740` by disallowing URL paths with " +"embedded whitespace or control characters through into the underlying http " +"client request. Such potentially malicious header injection URLs now cause " +"an http.client.InvalidURL exception to be raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28875 +msgid "" +":issue:`35755`: :func:`shutil.which` now uses ``os.confstr(\"CS_PATH\")`` if" +" available and if the :envvar:`PATH` environment variable is not set. Remove" +" also the current directory from :data:`posixpath.defpath`. On Unix, " +":func:`shutil.which` and the :mod:`subprocess` module no longer search the " +"executable in the current directory if the :envvar:`PATH` environment " +"variable is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28885 +msgid "" +":issue:`36722`: In debug build, import now also looks for C extensions " +"compiled in release mode and for C extensions compiled in the stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28888 +msgid "" +":issue:`32849`: Fix Python Initialization code on FreeBSD to detect properly" +" when stdin file descriptor (fd 0) is invalid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28891 +msgid "" +":issue:`36623`: Remove parser headers and related function declarations that" +" lack implementations after the removal of pgen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28894 +msgid "" +":issue:`20180`: ``dict.pop()`` is now up to 33% faster thanks to Argument " +"Clinic. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28897 +msgid "" +":issue:`36611`: Debug memory allocators: disable serialno field by default " +"from debug hooks on Python memory allocators to reduce the memory footprint " +"by 5%. Enable :mod:`tracemalloc` to get the traceback where a memory block " +"has been allocated when a fatal memory error is logged to decide where to " +"put a breakpoint. Compile Python with ``PYMEM_DEBUG_SERIALNO`` defined to " +"get back the field." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28904 +msgid "" +":issue:`36588`: On AIX, :data:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major " +"version anymore. Always return ``'aix'``, instead of ``'aix3'`` .. " +"``'aix7'``. Since older Python versions include the version number, it is " +"recommended to always use ``sys.platform.startswith('aix')``. Contributed by" +" M. Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28909 +msgid "" +":issue:`36549`: Change str.capitalize to use titlecase for the first " +"character instead of uppercase." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28912 +msgid "" +":issue:`36540`: Implement :pep:`570` (Python positional-only parameters). " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28915 +msgid "" +":issue:`36475`: :c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireLock` and " +":c:func:`!PyEval_AcquireThread` now terminate the current thread if called " +"while the interpreter is finalizing, making them consistent with " +":c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`, :c:func:`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`, and " +":c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28921 +msgid "" +":issue:`36504`: Fix signed integer overflow in _ctypes.c's " +"``PyCArrayType_new()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28924 +msgid "" +":issue:`20844`: Fix running script with encoding cookie and LF line ending " +"may fail on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28927 +msgid "" +":issue:`24214`: Fixed support of the surrogatepass error handler in the " +"UTF-8 incremental decoder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28930 +msgid "" +":issue:`36452`: Changing ``dict`` keys during iteration of the dict itself, " +"``keys()``, ``values()``, or ``items()`` will now be detected in certain " +"corner cases where keys are deleted/added so that the number of keys isn't " +"changed. A ``RuntimeError`` will be raised after ``len(dict)`` iterations. " +"Contributed by Thomas Perl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28936 +msgid "" +":issue:`36459`: Fix a possible double ``PyMem_FREE()`` due to tokenizer.c's " +"``tok_nextc()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28939 +msgid ":issue:`36433`: Fixed TypeError message in classmethoddescr_call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28941 +msgid "" +":issue:`36430`: Fix a possible reference leak in :func:`itertools.count`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28943 +msgid "" +":issue:`36440`: Include node names in ``ParserError`` messages, instead of " +"numeric IDs. Patch by A. Skrobov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28946 +msgid "" +":issue:`36143`: Regenerate :mod:`keyword` from the Grammar and Tokens file " +"using pgen. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28949 +msgid "" +":issue:`18372`: Add missing :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Track` calls in the " +":mod:`pickle` module. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28955 +msgid ":issue:`35952`: Fix pythoninfo when the compiler is missing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28957 +msgid "" +":issue:`28238`: The ``.find*()`` methods of xml.etree.ElementTree can now " +"search for wildcards like ``{*}tag`` and ``{ns}*`` that match a tag in any " +"namespace or all tags in a namespace. Patch by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28961 +msgid "" +":issue:`26978`: ``pathlib.path.link_to()`` is now implemented. It creates a " +"hard link pointing to a path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28964 +msgid "" +":issue:`1613500`: :class:`fileinput.FileInput` now uses the input file mode " +"to correctly set the output file mode (previously it was hardcoded to " +"``'w'``) when ``inplace=True`` is passed to its constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28968 +msgid "" +":issue:`36734`: Fix compilation of ``faulthandler.c`` on HP-UX. Initialize " +"``stack_t current_stack`` to zero using ``memset()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28971 +msgid "" +":issue:`13611`: The xml.etree.ElementTree packages gained support for C14N " +"2.0 serialisation. Patch by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28974 +msgid "" +":issue:`36669`: Add missing matrix multiplication operator support to " +"weakref.proxy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28977 +msgid "" +":issue:`36676`: The XMLParser() in xml.etree.ElementTree provides namespace " +"prefix context to the parser target if it defines the callback methods " +"\"start_ns()\" and/or \"end_ns()\". Patch by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28981 +msgid "" +":issue:`36673`: The TreeBuilder and XMLPullParser in xml.etree.ElementTree " +"gained support for parsing comments and processing instructions. Patch by " +"Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28985 +msgid "" +":issue:`36650`: The C version of functools.lru_cache() was treating calls " +"with an empty ``**kwargs`` dictionary as being distinct from calls with no " +"keywords at all. This did not result in an incorrect answer, but it did " +"trigger an unexpected cache miss." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28990 +msgid "" +":issue:`28552`: Fix ``distutils.sysconfig`` if :data:`sys.executable` is " +"``None`` or an empty string: use :func:`os.getcwd` to initialize " +"``project_base``. Fix also the distutils build command: don't use " +":data:`sys.executable` if it is ``None`` or an empty string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:28995 +msgid "" +":issue:`35755`: :func:`shutil.which` and ``distutils.spawn.find_executable``" +" now use ``os.confstr(\"CS_PATH\")`` if available instead of " +":data:`os.defpath`, if the ``PATH`` environment variable is not set. " +"Moreover, don't use ``os.confstr(\"CS_PATH\")`` nor :data:`os.defpath` if " +"the ``PATH`` environment variable is set to an empty string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29001 +msgid ":issue:`25430`: improve performance of ``IPNetwork.__contains__()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29003 +msgid "" +":issue:`30485`: Path expressions in xml.etree.ElementTree can now avoid " +"explicit namespace prefixes for tags (or the \"{namespace}tag\" notation) by" +" passing a default namespace with an empty string prefix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29007 +msgid "" +":issue:`36613`: Fix :mod:`asyncio` wait() not removing callback if exception" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29009 +msgid "" +":issue:`36598`: Fix ``isinstance`` check for Mock objects with spec when the" +" code is executed under tracing. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29012 +msgid "" +":issue:`18748`: In development mode (:option:`-X` ``dev``) and in debug " +"build, the :class:`io.IOBase` destructor now logs ``close()`` exceptions. " +"These exceptions are silent by default in release mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29016 +msgid "" +":issue:`36575`: The ``_lsprof`` module now uses internal timer same to " +"``time.perf_counter()`` by default. ``gettimeofday(2)`` was used on Unix. " +"New timer has better resolution on most Unix platforms and timings are no " +"longer impacted by system clock updates since ``perf_counter()`` is " +"monotonic. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29022 +msgid "" +":issue:`33461`: ``json.loads`` now emits ``DeprecationWarning`` when " +"``encoding`` option is specified. Patch by Matthias Bussonnier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29025 +msgid "" +":issue:`36559`: The random module now prefers the lean internal _sha512 " +"module over hashlib for seed(version=2) to optimize import time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29028 +msgid "" +":issue:`17561`: Set backlog=None as the default for socket.create_server." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29030 +msgid "" +":issue:`34373`: Fix :func:`time.mktime` error handling on AIX for year " +"before 1970." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29033 +msgid "" +":issue:`36232`: Improve error message when trying to open existing DBM " +"database that actually doesn't exist. Patch by Marco Rougeth." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29036 +msgid ":issue:`36546`: Add statistics.quantiles()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29038 +msgid "" +":issue:`36050`: Optimized ``http.client.HTTPResponse.read()`` for large " +"response. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29041 +msgid "" +":issue:`36522`: If *debuglevel* is set to >0 in :mod:`http.client`, print " +"all values for headers with multiple values for the same header name. Patch " +"by Matt Houglum." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29045 +msgid "" +":issue:`36492`: Deprecated passing required arguments like *func* as keyword" +" arguments in functions which should accept arbitrary keyword arguments and " +"pass them to other function. Arbitrary keyword arguments (even with names " +"\"self\" and \"func\") can now be passed to these functions if the required " +"arguments are passed as positional arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29051 +msgid ":issue:`27181`: Add statistics.geometric_mean()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29053 +msgid "" +":issue:`30427`: ``os.path.normcase()`` relies on ``os.fspath()`` to check " +"the type of its argument. Redundant checks have been removed from its " +"``posixpath.normcase()`` and ``ntpath.normcase()`` implementations. Patch by" +" Wolfgang Maier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29058 +msgid "" +":issue:`36385`: Stop rejecting IPv4 octets for being ambiguously octal. " +"Leading zeros are ignored, and no longer are assumed to specify octal " +"octets. Octets are always decimal numbers. Octets must still be no more than" +" three digits, including leading zeroes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29063 +msgid "" +":issue:`36434`: Errors during writing to a ZIP file no longer prevent to " +"properly close it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29066 +msgid "" +":issue:`36407`: Fixed wrong indentation writing for CDATA section in " +"xml.dom.minidom. Patch by Vladimir Surjaninov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29069 +msgid "" +":issue:`36326`: inspect.getdoc() can now find docstrings for member objects " +"when __slots__ is a dictionary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29072 +msgid "" +":issue:`36366`: Calling ``stop()`` on an unstarted or stopped " +":func:`unittest.mock.patch` object will now return ``None`` instead of " +"raising :exc:`RuntimeError`, making the method idempotent. Patch by " +"Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29077 +msgid "" +":issue:`36348`: The :meth:`imap.IMAP4.logout` method no longer ignores " +"silently arbitrary exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29080 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Add time module support and fix test_time failures for " +"VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29082 +msgid "" +":issue:`36227`: Added support for keyword arguments ``default_namespace`` " +"and ``xml_declaration`` in functions ``ElementTree.tostring()`` and " +"``ElementTree.tostringlist()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29086 +msgid "" +":issue:`36004`: Added new alternate constructors " +":meth:`datetime.date.fromisocalendar` and " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisocalendar`, which construct date objects from" +" ISO year, week number and weekday; these are the inverse of each class's " +"``isocalendar`` method. Patch by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29092 +msgid "" +":issue:`35936`: :mod:`modulefinder` no longer depends on the deprecated " +":mod:`imp` module, and the initializer for " +":class:`modulefinder.ModuleFinder` now has immutable default arguments. " +"Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29097 +msgid "" +":issue:`35376`: :mod:`modulefinder` correctly handles modules that have the " +"same name as a bad package. Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29100 +msgid "" +":issue:`17396`: :mod:`modulefinder` no longer crashes when encountering " +"syntax errors in followed imports. Patch by Brandt Bucher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29103 +msgid "" +":issue:`35934`: Added :meth:`~socket.create_server` and " +":meth:`~socket.has_dualstack_ipv6` convenience functions to automate the " +"necessary tasks usually involved when creating a server socket, including " +"accepting both IPv4 and IPv6 connections on the same socket. (Contributed " +"by Giampaolo Rodola in :issue:`17561`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29109 +msgid "" +":issue:`23078`: Add support for :func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`" +" to :func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec`. Initial patch by Felipe Ochoa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29112 +msgid "" +":issue:`35416`: Fix potential resource warnings in distutils. Patch by " +"Mickaël Schoentgen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29115 +msgid "" +":issue:`25451`: Add transparency methods to :class:`tkinter.PhotoImage`. " +"Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29118 +msgid "" +":issue:`35082`: Don't return deleted attributes when calling dir on a " +":class:`unittest.mock.Mock`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29121 +msgid "" +":issue:`34547`: :class:`wsgiref.handlers.BaseHandler` now handles abrupt " +"client connection terminations gracefully. Patch by Petter Strandmark." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29124 +msgid "" +":issue:`31658`: :func:`xml.sax.parse` now supports :term:`path-like `. Patch by Mickaël Schoentgen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29127 +msgid ":issue:`34139`: Remove stale unix datagram socket before binding" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29129 +msgid "" +":issue:`33530`: Implemented Happy Eyeballs in " +"``asyncio.create_connection()``. Added two new arguments, " +"*happy_eyeballs_delay* and *interleave*, to specify Happy Eyeballs behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29133 +msgid "" +":issue:`33291`: Do not raise AttributeError when calling the inspect " +"functions isgeneratorfunction, iscoroutinefunction, isasyncgenfunction on a " +"method created from an arbitrary callable. Instead, return False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29137 +msgid "" +":issue:`31310`: Fix the multiprocessing.semaphore_tracker so it is reused by" +" child processes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29140 +msgid "" +":issue:`31292`: Fix ``setup.py check --restructuredtext`` for files " +"containing ``include`` directives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29146 +msgid "" +":issue:`36625`: Remove obsolete comments from docstrings in " +"fractions.Fraction" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29148 +msgid ":issue:`30840`: Document relative imports" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29150 +msgid ":issue:`36523`: Add docstring for io.IOBase.writelines()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29152 +msgid "" +":issue:`36425`: New documentation translation: `Simplified Chinese " +"`_." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29155 +msgid "" +":issue:`36345`: Avoid the duplication of code from " +"``Tools/scripts/serve.py`` in using the :rst:dir:`literalinclude` directive " +"for the basic wsgiref-based web server in the documentation of " +":mod:`wsgiref`. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29160 +msgid "" +":issue:`36345`: Using the code of the ``Tools/scripts/serve.py`` script as " +"an example in the :mod:`wsgiref` documentation. Contributed by Stéphane " +"Wirtel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29164 +msgid ":issue:`36157`: Added documentation for PyInterpreterState_Main()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29166 +msgid "" +":issue:`33043`: Updates the docs.python.org page with the addition of a " +"'Contributing to Docs' link at the end of the page (between 'Reporting Bugs'" +" and 'About Documentation'). Updates the 'Found a Bug' page with additional " +"links and information in the Documentation Bugs section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29171 +msgid "" +":issue:`35581`: @typing.type_check_only now allows type stubs to mark " +"functions and classes not available during runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29174 +msgid ":issue:`33832`: Add glossary entry for 'magic method'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29176 +msgid ":issue:`32913`: Added re.Match.groupdict example to regex HOWTO." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29181 +msgid "" +":issue:`36719`: regrtest now always detects uncollectable objects. " +"Previously, the check was only enabled by ``--findleaks``. The check now " +"also works with ``-jN/--multiprocess N``. ``--findleaks`` becomes a " +"deprecated alias to ``--fail-env-changed``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29186 +msgid "" +":issue:`36725`: When using multiprocessing mode (-jN), regrtest now better " +"reports errors if a worker process fails, and it exits immediately on a " +"worker thread failure or when interrupted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29190 +msgid "" +":issue:`36454`: Change test_time.test_monotonic() to test only the lower " +"bound of elapsed time after a sleep command rather than the upper bound. " +"This prevents unnecessary test failures on slow buildbots. Patch by Victor " +"Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29195 +msgid "" +":issue:`32424`: Improve test coverage for xml.etree.ElementTree. Patch by " +"Gordon P. Hemsley." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29198 +msgid "" +":issue:`32424`: Fix typo in test_cyclic_gc() test for xml.etree.ElementTree." +" Patch by Gordon P. Hemsley." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29201 +msgid "" +":issue:`36635`: Add a new :mod:`!_testinternalcapi` module to test the " +"internal C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29204 +msgid "" +":issue:`36629`: Fix ``test_imap4_host_default_value()`` of ``test_imaplib``:" +" catch also :const:`errno.ENETUNREACH` error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29207 +msgid "" +":issue:`36611`: Fix ``test_sys.test_getallocatedblocks()`` when " +":mod:`tracemalloc` is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29210 +msgid "" +":issue:`36560`: Fix reference leak hunting in regrtest: compute also deltas " +"(of reference count, allocated memory blocks, file descriptor count) during " +"warmup, to ensure that everything is initialized before starting to hunt " +"reference leaks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29215 +msgid "" +":issue:`36565`: Fix reference hunting (``python3 -m test -R 3:3``) when " +"Python has no built-in abc module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29218 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Port test_resource to VxWorks: skip tests cases setting " +"RLIMIT_FSIZE and RLIMIT_CPU." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29221 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Fix test_tabnanny on VxWorks: adjust ENOENT error message." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29223 +msgid "" +":issue:`36436`: Fix ``_testcapi.pymem_buffer_overflow()``: handle memory " +"allocation failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29226 +msgid "" +":issue:`31904`: Fix test_utf8_mode on VxWorks: Python always use UTF-8 on " +"VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29229 +msgid "" +":issue:`36341`: Fix tests that may fail with PermissionError upon calling " +"bind() on AF_UNIX sockets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29235 +msgid ":issue:`36747`: Remove the stale scriptsinstall Makefile target." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29237 +msgid "" +":issue:`21536`: On Unix, C extensions are no longer linked to libpython " +"except on Android and Cygwin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29240 +msgid "" +"It is now possible for a statically linked Python to load a C extension " +"built using a shared library Python." +msgstr "通过共享库的 Python 构建的 C 扩展现在可以被静态链接的 Python 加载了。" + +#: ../NEWS:29243 +msgid "" +"When Python is embedded, ``libpython`` must not be loaded with " +"``RTLD_LOCAL``, but ``RTLD_GLOBAL`` instead. Previously, using " +"``RTLD_LOCAL``, it was already not possible to load C extensions which were " +"not linked to ``libpython``, such as C extensions of the standard library " +"built by the ``*shared*`` section of ``Modules/Setup``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29249 +msgid "distutils, python-config and python-config.py have been modified." +msgstr "distutils，python-config 和 python-config.py 已被修改。" + +#: ../NEWS:29251 +msgid "" +":issue:`36707`: ``./configure --with-pymalloc`` no longer adds the ``m`` " +"flag to SOABI (sys.implementation.cache_tag). Enabling or disabling pymalloc" +" has no impact on the ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29255 +msgid "" +":issue:`36635`: Change ``PyAPI_FUNC(type)``, ``PyAPI_DATA(type)`` and " +"``PyMODINIT_FUNC`` macros of ``pyport.h`` when ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` is " +"defined. The ``Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE`` define must be now be used to build a " +"C extension as a dynamic library accessing Python internals: export the " +":samp:`PyInit_{xxx}()` function in DLL exports on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29261 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Don't build the ``_crypt`` extension on VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29263 +msgid "" +":issue:`36618`: Add ``-fmax-type-align=8`` to CFLAGS when clang compiler is " +"detected. The pymalloc memory allocator aligns memory on 8 bytes. On x86-64," +" clang expects alignment on 16 bytes by default and so uses MOVAPS " +"instruction which can lead to segmentation fault. Instruct clang that Python" +" is limited to alignment on 8 bytes to use MOVUPS instruction instead: " +"slower but don't trigger a SIGSEGV if the memory is not aligned on 16 bytes." +" Sadly, the flag must be added to ``CFLAGS`` and not just ``CFLAGS_NODIST``," +" since third party C extensions can have the same issue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29272 +msgid "" +":issue:`36605`: ``make tags`` and ``make TAGS`` now also parse " +"``Modules/_io/*.c`` and ``Modules/_io/*.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29275 +msgid "" +":issue:`36465`: Release builds and debug builds are now ABI compatible: " +"defining the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro no longer implies the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` " +"macro, which introduces the only ABI incompatibility. The ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` " +"macro, which adds the :func:`sys.getobjects` function and the " +":envvar:`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable, can be set using the new " +"``./configure --with-trace-refs`` build option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29282 +msgid "" +":issue:`36577`: setup.py now correctly reports missing OpenSSL headers and " +"libraries again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29285 +msgid "" +":issue:`36544`: Fix regression introduced in :issue:`36146` refactoring " +"setup.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29287 +msgid "" +":issue:`36508`: ``python-config --ldflags`` no longer includes flags of the " +"``LINKFORSHARED`` variable. The ``LINKFORSHARED`` variable must only be used" +" to build executables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29291 +msgid ":issue:`36503`: Remove references to \"aix3\" and \"aix4\". Patch by M. Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29296 +msgid "" +":issue:`35920`: Added platform.win32_edition() and platform.win32_is_iot(). " +"Added support for cross-compiling packages for Windows ARM32. Skip tests " +"that are not expected to work on Windows IoT Core ARM32." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29300 +msgid "" +":issue:`36649`: Remove trailing spaces for registry keys when installed via " +"the Store." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29303 +msgid "" +":issue:`34144`: Fixed activate.bat to correctly update codepage when " +"chcp.com returns dots in output. Patch by Lorenz Mende." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29306 +msgid "" +":issue:`36509`: Added preset-iot layout for Windows IoT ARM containers. This" +" layout doesn't contain UI components like tkinter or IDLE. It also doesn't " +"contain files to support on-target builds since Windows ARM32 builds must be" +" cross-compiled when using MSVC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29311 +msgid "" +":issue:`35941`: enum_certificates function of the ssl module now returns " +"certificates from all available certificate stores inside windows in a query" +" instead of returning only certificates from the system wide certificate " +"store. This includes certificates from these certificate stores: local " +"machine, local machine enterprise, local machine group policy, current user," +" current user group policy, services, users. ssl.enum_crls() function is " +"changed in the same way to return all certificate revocation lists inside " +"the windows certificate revocation list stores." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29321 +msgid "" +":issue:`36441`: Fixes creating a venv when debug binaries are installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29323 +msgid "" +":issue:`36085`: Enable better DLL resolution on Windows by using safe DLL " +"search paths and adding :func:`os.add_dll_directory`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29326 +msgid "" +":issue:`36010`: Add the venv standard library module to the nuget " +"distribution for Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29329 +msgid "" +":issue:`29515`: Add the following socket module constants on Windows: " +"IPPROTO_AH IPPROTO_CBT IPPROTO_DSTOPTS IPPROTO_EGP IPPROTO_ESP " +"IPPROTO_FRAGMENT IPPROTO_GGP IPPROTO_HOPOPTS IPPROTO_ICLFXBM IPPROTO_ICMPV6 " +"IPPROTO_IDP IPPROTO_IGMP IPPROTO_IGP IPPROTO_IPV4 IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_L2TP " +"IPPROTO_MAX IPPROTO_ND IPPROTO_NONE IPPROTO_PGM IPPROTO_PIM IPPROTO_PUP " +"IPPROTO_RDP IPPROTO_ROUTING IPPROTO_SCTP IPPROTO_ST" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29337 +msgid "" +":issue:`35947`: Added current version of libffi to cpython-source-deps. " +"Change _ctypes to use current version of libffi on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29340 +msgid "" +":issue:`34060`: Report system load when running test suite on Windows. Patch" +" by Ammar Askar. Based on prior work by Jeremy Kloth." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29343 +msgid "" +":issue:`31512`: With the Windows 10 Creators Update, non-elevated users can " +"now create symlinks as long as the computer has Developer Mode enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29349 +msgid "" +":issue:`34602`: Avoid failures setting macOS stack resource limit with " +"resource.setrlimit. This reverts an earlier fix for :issue:`18075` which " +"forced a non-default stack size when building the interpreter executable on " +"macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29357 +msgid "" +":issue:`36429`: Fix starting IDLE with pyshell. Add idlelib.pyshell alias at" +" top; remove pyshell alias at bottom. Remove obsolete __name__=='__main__' " +"command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29364 +msgid ":issue:`14546`: Fix the argument handling in Tools/scripts/lll.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29369 +msgid "" +":issue:`36763`: Fix memory leak in :c:func:`!Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding`: " +"release memory if the function is called twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29372 +msgid "" +":issue:`36641`: :c:expr:`PyDoc_VAR(name)` and " +":c:expr:`PyDoc_STRVAR(name,str)` now create ``static const char name[]`` " +"instead of ``static char name[]``. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29376 +msgid "" +":issue:`36389`: Change the value of ``CLEANBYTE``, ``DEADDYTE`` and " +"``FORBIDDENBYTE`` internal constants used by debug hooks on Python memory " +"allocators (:c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function). Byte patterns " +"``0xCB``, ``0xDB`` and ``0xFB`` have been replaced with ``0xCD``, ``0xDD`` " +"and ``0xFD`` to use the same values than Windows CRT debug ``malloc()`` and " +"``free()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29383 +msgid "" +":issue:`36443`: Since Python 3.7.0, calling :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` before" +" :c:func:`Py_Initialize` produces mojibake if the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale is " +"coerced and/or if the UTF-8 Mode is enabled by the user configuration. The " +"LC_CTYPE coercion and UTF-8 Mode are now disabled by default to fix the " +"mojibake issue. They must now be enabled explicitly (opt-in) using the new " +":c:func:`!_Py_PreInitialize` API with ``_PyPreConfig``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29390 +msgid "" +":issue:`36025`: Fixed an accidental change to the datetime C API where the " +"arguments to the :c:func:`PyDate_FromTimestamp` function were incorrectly " +"interpreted as a single timestamp rather than an arguments tuple, which " +"causes existing code to start raising :exc:`TypeError`. The backwards-" +"incompatible change was only present in alpha releases of Python 3.8. Patch " +"by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29397 +msgid "" +":issue:`35810`: Modify ``PyObject_Init`` to correctly increase the refcount " +"of heap-allocated Type objects. Also fix the refcounts of the heap-allocated" +" types that were either doing this manually or not decreasing the type's " +"refcount in tp_dealloc" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29404 +msgid "Python 3.8.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "Python 3.8.0 alpha 3" + +#: ../NEWS:29406 +msgid "*Release date: 2019-03-25*" +msgstr "*发布日期： 2019-03-25*" + +#: ../NEWS:29411 +msgid "" +":issue:`36216`: Changes urlsplit() to raise ValueError when the URL contains" +" characters that decompose under IDNA encoding (NFKC-normalization) into " +"characters that affect how the URL is parsed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29415 +msgid "" +":issue:`35121`: Don't send cookies of domain A without Domain attribute to " +"domain B when domain A is a suffix match of domain B while using a cookiejar" +" with :class:`http.cookiejar.DefaultCookiePolicy` policy. Patch by " +"Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29423 +msgid "" +":issue:`36421`: Fix a possible double decref in _ctypes.c's " +"``PyCArrayType_new()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29426 +msgid ":issue:`36412`: Fix a possible crash when creating a new dictionary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29428 +msgid ":issue:`36398`: Fix a possible crash in ``structseq_repr()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29430 +msgid "" +":issue:`36256`: Fix bug in parsermodule when parsing a state in a DFA that " +"has two or more arcs with labels of the same type. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29433 +msgid ":issue:`36365`: repr(structseq) is no longer limited to 512 bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29435 +msgid "" +":issue:`36374`: Fix a possible null pointer dereference in " +"``merge_consts_recursive()``. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29438 +msgid "" +":issue:`36236`: At Python initialization, the current directory is no longer" +" prepended to :data:`sys.path` if it has been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29441 +msgid "" +":issue:`36352`: Python initialization now fails with an error, rather than " +"silently truncating paths, if a path is too long." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29444 +msgid "" +":issue:`36301`: Python initialization now fails if decoding " +"``pybuilddir.txt`` configuration file fails at startup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29447 +msgid "" +":issue:`36333`: Fix leak in _PyRuntimeState_Fini. Contributed by Stéphane " +"Wirtel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29450 +msgid "" +":issue:`36332`: The builtin :func:`compile` can now handle AST objects that " +"contain assignment expressions. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29453 +msgid "" +":issue:`36282`: Improved error message for too much positional arguments in " +"some builtin functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29456 +msgid "" +":issue:`30040`: New empty dict uses fewer memory for now. It used more " +"memory than empty dict created by ``dict.clear()``. And empty dict creation" +" and deletion is about 2x faster. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29460 +msgid "" +":issue:`36262`: Fix an unlikely memory leak on conversion from string to " +"float in the function ``_Py_dg_strtod()`` used by ``float(str)``, " +"``complex(str)``, :func:`pickle.load`, :func:`marshal.load`, etc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29464 +msgid ":issue:`36252`: Update Unicode databases to version 12.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29466 +msgid "" +":issue:`36218`: Fix a segfault occurring when sorting a list of " +"heterogeneous values. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre and Elliot " +"Gorokhovsky." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29469 +msgid "" +":issue:`36188`: Cleaned up left-over vestiges of Python 2 unbound method " +"handling in method objects and documentation. Patch by Martijn Pieters" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29472 +msgid "" +":issue:`36124`: Add a new interpreter-specific dict and expose it in the " +"C-API via PyInterpreterState_GetDict(). This parallels " +"PyThreadState_GetDict(). However, extension modules should continue using " +"PyModule_GetState() for their own internal per-interpreter state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29477 +msgid "" +":issue:`35975`: Add a ``feature_version`` flag to ``ast.parse()`` " +"(documented) and ``compile()`` (hidden) that allows tweaking the parser to " +"support older versions of the grammar. In particular, if ``feature_version``" +" is 5 or 6, the hacks for the ``async`` and ``await`` keyword from PEP 492 " +"are reinstated. (For 7 or higher, these are unconditionally treated as " +"keywords, but they are still special tokens rather than ``NAME`` tokens that" +" the parser driver recognizes.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29485 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Use UTF-8 as the system encoding on VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29487 +msgid "" +":issue:`36048`: The :meth:`~object.__index__` special method will be used " +"instead of :meth:`~object.__int__` for implicit conversion of Python numbers" +" to C integers. Using the ``__int__()`` method in implicit conversions has " +"been deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29492 +msgid "" +":issue:`35808`: Retire pgen and use a modified version of pgen2 to generate " +"the parser. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29498 +msgid "" +":issue:`36401`: The class documentation created by pydoc now has a separate " +"section for readonly properties." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29501 +msgid "" +":issue:`36320`: The typing.NamedTuple() class has deprecated the " +"_field_types attribute in favor of the __annotations__ attribute which " +"carried the same information. Also, both attributes were converted from " +"OrderedDict to a regular dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29506 +msgid "" +":issue:`34745`: Fix :mod:`asyncio` ssl memory issues caused by circular " +"references" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29509 +msgid "" +":issue:`36324`: Add method to statistics.NormalDist for computing the " +"inverse cumulative normal distribution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29512 +msgid "" +":issue:`36321`: collections.namedtuple() misspelled the name of an " +"attribute. To be consistent with typing.NamedTuple, the attribute name " +"should have been \"_field_defaults\" instead of \"_fields_defaults\". For " +"backwards compatibility, both spellings are now created. The misspelled " +"version may be removed in the future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29518 +msgid "" +":issue:`36297`: \"unicode_internal\" codec is removed. It was deprecated " +"since Python 3.3. Patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29521 +msgid "" +":issue:`36298`: Raise ModuleNotFoundError in pyclbr when a module can't be " +"found. Thanks to 'mental' for the bug report." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29524 +msgid "" +":issue:`36268`: Switch the default format used for writing tars with " +":mod:`tarfile` to the modern POSIX.1-2001 pax standard, from the vendor-" +"specific GNU. Contributed by C.A.M. Gerlach." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29528 +msgid "" +":issue:`36285`: Fix integer overflows in the array module. Patch by Stephan " +"Hohe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29531 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Add _signal module support for VxWorks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29533 +msgid "" +":issue:`36272`: :mod:`logging` does not silently ignore RecursionError " +"anymore. Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29536 +msgid "" +":issue:`36280`: Add a kind field to ast.Constant. It is 'u' if the literal " +"has a 'u' prefix (i.e. a Python 2 style unicode literal), else None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29539 +msgid "" +":issue:`35931`: The :mod:`pdb` ``debug`` command now gracefully handles all " +"exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29542 +msgid "" +":issue:`36251`: Fix format strings used for stderrprinter and re.Match " +"reprs. Patch by Stephan Hohe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29545 +msgid "" +":issue:`36235`: Fix ``CFLAGS`` in ``customize_compiler()`` of " +"``distutils.sysconfig``: when the ``CFLAGS`` environment variable is " +"defined, don't override ``CFLAGS`` variable with the ``OPT`` variable " +"anymore. Initial patch written by David Malcolm." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29550 +msgid "" +":issue:`35807`: Update ensurepip to install pip 19.0.3 and setuptools " +"40.8.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29552 +msgid ":issue:`36139`: Release GIL when closing :class:`~mmap.mmap` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29554 +msgid "" +":issue:`36179`: Fix two unlikely reference leaks in _hashopenssl. The leaks " +"only occur in out-of-memory cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29557 +msgid "" +":issue:`36169`: Add overlap() method to statistics.NormalDist. Computes the" +" overlapping coefficient for two normal distributions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29560 +msgid "" +":issue:`36103`: Default buffer size used by ``shutil.copyfileobj()`` is " +"changed from 16 KiB to 64 KiB on non-Windows platform to reduce system call " +"overhead. Contributed by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29564 +msgid "" +":issue:`36130`: Fix ``pdb`` with ``skip=...`` when stepping into a frame " +"without a ``__name__`` global. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29567 +msgid "" +":issue:`35652`: shutil.copytree(copy_function=...) erroneously pass DirEntry" +" instead of a path string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29570 +msgid "" +":issue:`35178`: Ensure custom :func:`warnings.formatwarning` function can " +"receive ``line`` as positional argument. Based on patch by Tashrif Billah." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29573 +msgid "" +":issue:`36106`: Resolve potential name clash with libm's sinpi(). Patch by " +"Dmitrii Pasechnik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29576 +msgid "" +":issue:`36091`: Clean up reference to async generator in Lib/types. Patch by" +" Henry Chen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29579 +msgid "" +":issue:`36043`: :class:`FileCookieJar` supports :term:`path-like object`. " +"Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29582 +msgid "" +":issue:`35899`: Enum has been fixed to correctly handle empty strings and " +"strings with non-Latin characters (ie. 'α', 'א') without crashing. Original " +"patch contributed by Maxwell. Assisted by Stéphane Wirtel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29586 +msgid "" +":issue:`21269`: Add ``args`` and ``kwargs`` properties to mock call objects." +" Contributed by Kumar Akshay." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29589 +msgid "" +":issue:`30670`: ``pprint.pp`` has been added to pretty-print objects with " +"dictionary keys being sorted with their insertion order by default. " +"Parameter *sort_dicts* has been added to ``pprint.pprint``, " +"``pprint.pformat`` and ``pprint.PrettyPrinter``. Contributed by Rémi " +"Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29595 +msgid "" +":issue:`35843`: Implement ``__getitem__`` for ``_NamespacePath``. Patch by " +"Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29598 +msgid "" +":issue:`35802`: Clean up code which checked presence of ``os.stat`` / " +"``os.lstat`` / ``os.chmod`` which are always present. Patch by Anthony " +"Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29602 +msgid "" +":issue:`35715`: Librates the return value of a ProcessPoolExecutor " +"_process_worker after it's no longer needed to free memory" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29605 +msgid "" +":issue:`35493`: Use :func:`multiprocessing.connection.wait` instead of " +"polling each 0.2 seconds for worker updates in " +":class:`multiprocessing.Pool`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29609 +msgid ":issue:`35661`: Store the venv prompt in pyvenv.cfg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29611 +msgid "" +":issue:`35121`: Don't set cookie for a request when the request path is a " +"prefix match of the cookie's path attribute but doesn't end with \"/\". " +"Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29615 +msgid "" +":issue:`21478`: Calls to a child function created with " +":func:`unittest.mock.create_autospec` should propagate to the parent. Patch " +"by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29619 +msgid ":issue:`35198`: Fix C++ extension compilation on AIX" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29624 +msgid "" +":issue:`36329`: Declare the path of the Python binary for the usage of " +"``Tools/scripts/serve.py`` when executing ``make -C Doc/ serve``. " +"Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29628 +msgid "" +":issue:`36138`: Improve documentation about converting datetime.timedelta to" +" scalars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29631 +msgid "" +":issue:`21314`: A new entry was added to the Core Language Section of the " +"Programming FAQ, which explaines the usage of slash(/) in the signature of a" +" function. Patch by Lysandros Nikolaou" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29638 +msgid "" +":issue:`36234`: test_posix.PosixUidGidTests: add tests for invalid uid/gid " +"type (str). Initial patch written by David Malcolm." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29641 +msgid "" +":issue:`29571`: Fix ``test_re.test_locale_flag()``: use " +"``locale.getpreferredencoding()`` rather than ``locale.getlocale()`` to get " +"the locale encoding. With some locales, ``locale.getlocale()`` returns the " +"wrong encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29646 +msgid ":issue:`36123`: Fix race condition in test_socket." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29651 +msgid "" +":issue:`36356`: Fix leaks that led to build failure when configured with " +"address sanitizer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29654 +msgid "" +":issue:`36146`: Add ``TEST_EXTENSIONS`` constant to ``setup.py`` to allow to" +" not build test extensions like ``_testcapi``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29657 +msgid "" +":issue:`36146`: Fix setup.py on macOS: only add ``/usr/include/ffi`` to " +"include directories of _ctypes, not for all extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29660 +msgid ":issue:`31904`: Enable build system to cross-build for VxWorks RTOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29665 +msgid "" +":issue:`36312`: Fixed decoders for the following code pages: 50220, 50221, " +"50222, 50225, 50227, 50229, 57002 through 57011, 65000 and 42." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29668 +msgid "" +":issue:`36264`: Don't honor POSIX ``HOME`` in ``os.path.expanduser`` on " +"windows. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29671 +msgid "" +":issue:`24643`: Fix name collisions due to ``#define timezone _timezone`` in" +" PC/pyconfig.h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29677 +msgid ":issue:`36405`: Use dict unpacking in idlelib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29679 +msgid "" +":issue:`36396`: Remove fgBg param of idlelib.config.GetHighlight(). This " +"param was only used twice and changed the return type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29682 +msgid "" +":issue:`36176`: Fix IDLE autocomplete & calltip popup colors. Prevent " +"conflicts with Linux dark themes (and slightly darken calltip background)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29685 +msgid "" +":issue:`23205`: For the grep module, add tests for findfiles, refactor " +"findfiles to be a module-level function, and refactor findfiles to use " +"os.walk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29689 +msgid ":issue:`23216`: Add docstrings to IDLE search modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29691 +msgid "" +":issue:`36152`: Remove colorizer.ColorDelegator.close_when_done and the " +"corresponding argument of .close(). In IDLE, both have always been None or " +"False since 2007." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29695 +msgid "" +":issue:`32129`: Avoid blurry IDLE application icon on macOS with Tk 8.6. " +"Patch by Kevin Walzer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29698 +msgid "" +":issue:`36096`: Refactor class variables to instance variables in colorizer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29700 +msgid "" +":issue:`30348`: Increase test coverage of idlelib.autocomplete by 30%. Patch" +" by Louie Lu" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29706 +msgid "" +":issue:`35132`: Fix py-list and py-bt commands of python-gdb.py on gdb7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29708 +msgid ":issue:`32217`: Fix freeze script on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29713 +msgid "" +":issue:`36381`: Raise ``DeprecationWarning`` when '#' formats are used for " +"building or parsing values without ``PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29716 +msgid "" +":issue:`36142`: The whole coreconfig.h header is now excluded from " +"Py_LIMITED_API. Move functions definitions into a new internal " +"pycore_coreconfig.h header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29722 +msgid "Python 3.8.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "Python 3.8.0 alpha 2" + +#: ../NEWS:29724 +msgid "*Release date: 2019-02-25*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2019-02-25*" + +#: ../NEWS:29729 +msgid "" +":issue:`36052`: Raise a :exc:`SyntaxError` when assigning a value to " +"``__debug__`` with the Assignment Operator. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel " +"and Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29733 +msgid "" +":issue:`36012`: Doubled the speed of class variable writes. When a non-" +"dunder attribute was updated, there was an unnecessary call to update slots." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29736 +msgid "" +":issue:`35942`: The error message emitted when returning invalid types from " +"``__fspath__`` in interfaces that allow passing :class:`~os.PathLike` " +"objects has been improved and now it does explain the origin of the error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29740 +msgid "" +":issue:`36016`: ``gc.get_objects`` can now receive an optional parameter " +"indicating a generation to get objects from. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29743 +msgid "" +":issue:`1054041`: When the main interpreter exits due to an uncaught " +"KeyboardInterrupt, the process now exits in the appropriate manner for its " +"parent process to detect that a SIGINT or ^C terminated the process. This " +"allows shells and batch scripts to understand that the user has asked them " +"to stop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29749 +msgid "" +":issue:`35992`: Fix ``__class_getitem__()`` not being called on a class with" +" a custom non-subscriptable metaclass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29752 +msgid "" +":issue:`35993`: Fix a crash on fork when using subinterpreters. Contributed " +"by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29755 +msgid "" +":issue:`35991`: Fix a potential double free in Modules/_randommodule.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29757 +msgid "" +":issue:`35961`: Fix a crash in slice_richcompare(): use strong references " +"rather than stolen references for the two temporary internal tuples." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29760 +msgid "" +":issue:`35911`: Enable the creation of cell objects by adding a " +"``cell.__new__`` method, and expose the type ``cell`` in ``Lib/types.py`` " +"under the name CellType. Patch by Pierre Glaser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29764 +msgid "" +":issue:`12822`: Use monotonic clock for ``pthread_cond_timedwait`` when " +"``pthread_condattr_setclock`` and ``CLOCK_MONOTONIC`` are available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29767 +msgid "" +":issue:`15248`: The compiler emits now syntax warnings in the case when a " +"comma is likely missed before tuple or list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29770 +msgid "" +":issue:`35886`: The implementation of PyInterpreterState has been moved into" +" the internal header files (guarded by Py_BUILD_CORE)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29773 +msgid "" +":issue:`31506`: Clarify the errors reported when ``object.__new__`` and " +"``object.__init__`` receive more than one argument. Contributed by Sanyam " +"Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29777 +msgid "" +":issue:`35724`: Signal-handling is now guaranteed to happen relative to the " +"main interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29780 +msgid "" +":issue:`33608`: We added a new internal _Py_AddPendingCall() that operates " +"relative to the provided interpreter. This allows us to use the existing " +"implementation to ask another interpreter to do work that cannot be done in " +"the current interpreter, like decref an object the other interpreter owns. " +"The existing Py_AddPendingCall() only operates relative to the main " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29787 +msgid "" +":issue:`33989`: Fix a possible crash in :meth:`list.sort` when sorting " +"objects with ``ob_type->tp_richcompare == NULL``. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29793 +msgid "" +":issue:`35512`: :func:`unittest.mock.patch.dict` used as a decorator with " +"string target resolves the target during function call instead of during " +"decorator construction. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29797 +msgid "" +":issue:`36018`: Add statistics.NormalDist, a tool for creating and " +"manipulating normal distributions of random variable. Features a composite " +"class that treats the mean and standard deviation of measurement data as " +"single entity." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29802 +msgid "" +":issue:`35904`: Added statistics.fmean() as a faster, floating-point variant" +" of the existing mean() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29805 +msgid "" +":issue:`35918`: Removed broken ``has_key`` method from " +"multiprocessing.managers.SyncManager.dict. Contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29808 +msgid ":issue:`18283`: Add support for bytes to :func:`shutil.which`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29810 +msgid "" +":issue:`35960`: Fix :func:`dataclasses.field` throwing away empty mapping " +"objects passed as metadata." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29813 +msgid "" +":issue:`35500`: Write expected and actual call parameters on separate lines " +"in :meth:`unittest.mock.Mock.assert_called_with` assertion errors. " +"Contributed by Susan Su." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29817 +msgid "" +":issue:`35931`: The :mod:`pdb` ``debug`` command now gracefully handles " +"syntax errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29820 +msgid "" +":issue:`24209`: In http.server script, rely on getaddrinfo to bind to " +"preferred address based on the bind parameter. Now default bind or binding " +"to a name may bind to IPv6 or dual-stack, depending on the environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29824 +msgid "" +":issue:`35321`: Set ``__spec__.origin`` of ``_frozen_importlib`` to frozen " +"so that it matches the behavior of ``_frozen_importlib_external``. Patch by" +" Nina Zakharenko." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29828 +msgid "" +":issue:`35378`: Fix a reference issue inside :class:`multiprocessing.Pool` " +"that caused the pool to remain alive if it was deleted without being closed " +"or terminated explicitly. A new strong reference is added to the pool " +"iterators to link the lifetime of the pool to the lifetime of its iterators " +"so the pool does not get destroyed if a pool iterator is still alive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29835 +msgid "" +":issue:`34294`: re module, fix wrong capturing groups in rare cases. " +":func:`re.search`, :func:`re.findall`, :func:`re.sub` and other functions " +"that scan through string looking for a match, should reset capturing groups " +"between two match attempts. Patch by Ma Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29840 +msgid "" +":issue:`35615`: :mod:`weakref`: Fix a RuntimeError when copying a " +"WeakKeyDictionary or a WeakValueDictionary, due to some keys or values " +"disappearing while iterating." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29844 +msgid "" +":issue:`35606`: Implement :func:`math.prod` as analogous function to " +":func:`sum` that returns the product of a 'start' value (default: 1) times " +"an iterable of numbers. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29848 +msgid "" +":issue:`32417`: Performing arithmetic between :class:`datetime.datetime` " +"subclasses and :class:`datetime.timedelta` now returns an object of the same" +" type as the :class:`datetime.datetime` subclass. As a result, " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.astimezone` and alternate constructors like " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.now` and :meth:`datetime.fromtimestamp` called with" +" a ``tz`` argument now *also* retain their subclass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29855 +msgid "" +":issue:`35153`: Add *headers* optional keyword-only parameter to " +":class:`xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy`, :class:`xmlrpc.client.Transport` and " +":class:`xmlrpc.client.SafeTransport`. Patch by Cédric Krier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29859 +msgid "" +":issue:`34572`: Fix C implementation of pickle.loads to use importlib's " +"locking mechanisms, and thereby avoid using partially loaded modules. Patch " +"by Tim Burgess." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29866 +msgid "" +":issue:`36083`: Fix formatting of --check-hash-based-pycs options in the " +"manpage Synopsis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29869 +msgid "" +":issue:`36007`: Bump minimum sphinx version to 1.8. Patch by Anthony " +"Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29871 +msgid "" +":issue:`22062`: Update documentation and docstrings for pathlib. Original " +"patch by Mike Short." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29877 +msgid "" +":issue:`27313`: Avoid test_ttk_guionly ComboboxTest failure with macOS Cocoa" +" Tk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29880 +msgid "" +":issue:`36019`: Add test.support.TEST_HTTP_URL and replace references of " +"http://www.example.com by this new constant. Contributed by Stéphane Wirtel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29884 +msgid "" +":issue:`36037`: Fix test_ssl for strict OpenSSL configuration like RHEL8 " +"strict crypto policy. Use older TLS version for minimum TLS version of the " +"server SSL context if needed, to test TLS version older than default minimum" +" TLS version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29889 +msgid ":issue:`35798`: Added :func:`test.support.check_syntax_warning`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29891 +msgid "" +":issue:`35505`: Make test_imap4_host_default_value independent on whether " +"the local IMAP server is running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29894 +msgid "" +":issue:`35917`: multiprocessing: provide unit tests for SyncManager and " +"SharedMemoryManager classes + all the shareable types which are supposed to " +"be supported by them. (patch by Giampaolo Rodola)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29898 +msgid "" +":issue:`35704`: Skip ``test_shutil.test_unpack_archive_xztar`` to prevent a " +"MemoryError on 32-bit AIX when MAXDATA setting is less than 0x20000000." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29901 +msgid "Patch by Michael Felt (aixtools)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29903 +msgid "" +":issue:`34720`: Assert m_state != NULL to mimic GC traversal functions that " +"do not correctly handle module creation when the module state has not been " +"created." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29910 +msgid "" +":issue:`35976`: Added ARM build support to Windows build files in PCBuild." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29912 +msgid "" +":issue:`35692`: ``pathlib`` no longer raises when checking file and " +"directory existence on drives that are not ready" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29915 +msgid "" +":issue:`35872`: Uses the base Python executable when invoking venv in a " +"virtual environment" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29918 +msgid ":issue:`35873`: Prevents venv paths being inherited by child processes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29920 +msgid "" +":issue:`35299`: Fix sysconfig detection of the source directory and " +"distutils handling of pyconfig.h during PGO profiling" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29926 +msgid ":issue:`24310`: IDLE -- Document settings dialog font tab sample." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29928 +msgid "" +":issue:`35833`: Revise IDLE doc for control codes sent to Shell. Add a code " +"example block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29931 +msgid ":issue:`35689`: Add docstrings and unittests for colorizer.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29935 +msgid "Python 3.8.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "Python 3.8.0 alpha 1" + +#: ../NEWS:29937 +msgid "*Release date: 2019-02-03*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2019-02-03*" + +#: ../NEWS:29942 +msgid "" +":issue:`35746`: :cve:`2019-5010`: Fix a NULL pointer deref in ssl module. " +"The cert parser did not handle CRL distribution points with empty DP or URI " +"correctly. A malicious or buggy certificate can result into segfault. " +"Vulnerability (TALOS-2018-0758) reported by Colin Read and Nicolas Edet of " +"Cisco." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29948 +msgid "" +":issue:`34812`: The :option:`-I` command line option (run Python in isolated" +" mode) is now also copied by the :mod:`multiprocessing` and ``distutils`` " +"modules when spawning child processes. Previously, only :option:`-E` and " +":option:`-s` options (enabled by :option:`-I`) were copied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29953 +msgid "" +":issue:`34791`: The xml.sax and xml.dom.domreg no longer use environment " +"variables to override parser implementations when " +"sys.flags.ignore_environment is set by -E or -I arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29957 +msgid "" +":issue:`17239`: The xml.sax and xml.dom.minidom parsers no longer processes " +"external entities by default. External DTD and ENTITY declarations no longer" +" load files or create network connections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29961 +msgid "" +":issue:`34623`: :cve:`2018-14647`: The C accelerated _elementtree module now" +" initializes hash randomization salt from _Py_HashSecret instead of " +"libexpat's default CSPRNG." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29965 +msgid ":issue:`34405`: Updated to OpenSSL 1.1.0i for Windows builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29967 +msgid "" +":issue:`33871`: Fixed sending the part of the file in :func:`os.sendfile` on" +" macOS. Using the *trailers* argument could cause sending more bytes from " +"the input file than was specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29971 +msgid ":issue:`32533`: Fixed thread-safety of error handling in _ssl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29973 ../NEWS:33472 +msgid "" +":issue:`33136`: Harden ssl module against LibreSSL :cve:`2018-8970`. " +"X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host() is called with an explicit namelen. A new test" +" ensures that NULL bytes are not allowed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29977 ../NEWS:33476 ../NEWS:37871 +msgid "" +":issue:`33001`: Minimal fix to prevent buffer overrun in os.symlink on " +"Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29979 ../NEWS:33478 ../NEWS:37873 +msgid "" +":issue:`32981`: Regexes in difflib and poplib were vulnerable to " +"catastrophic backtracking. These regexes formed potential DOS vectors " +"(REDOS). They have been refactored. This resolves :cve:`2018-1060` and " +":cve:`2018-1061`. Patch by Jamie Davis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29984 ../NEWS:33690 +msgid "" +":issue:`28414`: The ssl module now allows users to perform their own IDN " +"en/decoding when using SNI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29990 +msgid "" +":issue:`35877`: Make parenthesis optional for named expressions in while " +"statement. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29993 +msgid "" +":issue:`35814`: Allow same right hand side expressions in annotated " +"assignments as in normal ones. In particular, ``x: Tuple[int, int] = 1, 2`` " +"(without parentheses on the right) is now allowed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:29997 +msgid "" +":issue:`35766`: Add the option to parse PEP 484 type comments in the ast " +"module. (Off by default.) This is merging the key functionality of the third" +" party fork thereof, [typed_ast](https://github.com/python/typed_ast)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30002 +msgid "" +":issue:`35713`: Reorganize Python initialization to get working exceptions " +"and sys.stderr earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30005 +msgid "" +":issue:`33416`: Add end line and end column position information to the " +"Python AST nodes. This is a C-level backwards incompatible change." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30008 +msgid "" +":issue:`35720`: Fixed a minor memory leak in pymain_parse_cmdline_impl " +"function in Modules/main.c" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30011 +msgid "" +":issue:`35634`: ``func(**kwargs)`` will now raise an error when ``kwargs`` " +"is a mapping containing multiple entries with the same key. An error was " +"already raised when other keyword arguments are passed before ``**kwargs`` " +"since Python 3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30016 +msgid "" +":issue:`35623`: Fix a crash when sorting very long lists. Patch by Stephan " +"Hohe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30019 +msgid "" +":issue:`35214`: clang Memory Sanitizer build instrumentation was added to " +"work around false positives from posix, socket, time, test_io, and " +"test_faulthandler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30023 +msgid "" +":issue:`35560`: Fix an assertion error in :func:`format` in debug build for " +"floating-point formatting with \"n\" format, zero padding and small width. " +"Release build is not impacted. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30027 +msgid "" +":issue:`35552`: Format characters ``%s`` and ``%V`` in " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` and ``%s`` in :c:func:`PyBytes_FromFormat` no" +" longer read memory past the limit if *precision* is specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30031 +msgid "" +":issue:`35504`: Fix segfaults and :exc:`SystemError`\\ s when deleting " +"certain attributes. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30034 +msgid "" +":issue:`35504`: Fixed a SystemError when delete the characters_written " +"attribute of an OSError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30037 +msgid "" +":issue:`35494`: Improved syntax error messages for unbalanced parentheses in" +" f-string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30040 +msgid "" +":issue:`35444`: Fixed error handling in pickling methods when fail to look " +"up builtin \"getattr\". Sped up pickling iterators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30043 +msgid "" +":issue:`35436`: Fix various issues with memory allocation error handling. " +"Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30046 +msgid "" +":issue:`35423`: Separate the signal handling trigger in the eval loop from " +"the \"pending calls\" machinery. There is no semantic change and the " +"difference in performance is insignificant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30050 +msgid "" +":issue:`35357`: Internal attributes' names of unittest.mock._Call and " +"unittest.mock.MagicProxy (name, parent & from_kall) are now prefixed with " +"_mock_ in order to prevent clashes with widely used object attributes. Fixed" +" minor typo in test function name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30055 +msgid "" +":issue:`35372`: Fixed the code page decoder for input longer than 2 GiB " +"containing undecodable bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30058 +msgid "" +":issue:`35336`: Fix PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=1 environment variable: only coerce " +"the C locale if the LC_CTYPE locale is \"C\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30061 +msgid "" +":issue:`31241`: The *lineno* and *col_offset* attributes of AST nodes for " +"list comprehensions, generator expressions and tuples are now point to the " +"opening parenthesis or square brace. For tuples without parenthesis they " +"point to the position of the first item." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30066 +msgid "" +":issue:`33954`: For :meth:`str.format`, :meth:`float.__format__` and " +":meth:`complex.__format__` methods for non-ASCII decimal point when using " +"the \"n\" formatter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30070 +msgid "" +":issue:`35269`: Fix a possible segfault involving a newly created coroutine." +" Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30073 +msgid "" +":issue:`35224`: Implement :pep:`572` (assignment expressions). Patch by " +"Emily Morehouse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30076 +msgid "" +":issue:`32492`: Speed up :func:`namedtuple` attribute access by 1.6x using a" +" C fast-path for the name descriptors. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30079 +msgid "" +":issue:`35214`: Fixed an out of bounds memory access when parsing a " +"truncated unicode escape sequence at the end of a string such as ``'\\N'``." +" It would read one byte beyond the end of the memory allocation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30083 +msgid "" +":issue:`35214`: The interpreter and extension modules have had annotations " +"added so that they work properly under clang's Memory Sanitizer. A new " +"configure flag --with-memory-sanitizer has been added to make test builds of" +" this nature easier to perform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30088 +msgid "" +":issue:`35193`: Fix an off by one error in the bytecode peephole optimizer " +"where it could read bytes beyond the end of bounds of an array when removing" +" unreachable code. This bug was present in every release of Python 3.6 and " +"3.7 until now." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30093 +msgid ":issue:`35169`: Improved error messages for forbidden assignments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30095 +msgid "" +":issue:`34022`: Fix handling of hash-based bytecode files in " +":mod:`zipimport`. Patch by Elvis Pranskevichus." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30098 +msgid "" +":issue:`28401`: Debug builds will no longer to attempt to import extension " +"modules built for the ABI as they were never compatible to begin with. Patch" +" by Stefano Rivera." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30102 +msgid "" +":issue:`29341`: Clarify in the docstrings of :mod:`os` methods that path-" +"like objects are also accepted as input parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30105 +msgid "" +":issue:`35050`: :mod:`socket`: Fix off-by-one bug in length check for " +"``AF_ALG`` name and type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30108 +msgid "" +":issue:`29743`: Raise :exc:`ValueError` instead of :exc:`OverflowError` in " +"case of a negative ``_length_`` in a :class:`ctypes.Array` subclass. Also " +"raise :exc:`TypeError` instead of :exc:`AttributeError` for non-integer " +"``_length_``. Original patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30113 +msgid "" +":issue:`16806`: Fix ``lineno`` and ``col_offset`` for multi-line string " +"tokens." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30115 +msgid "" +":issue:`35029`: :exc:`SyntaxWarning` raised as an exception at code " +"generation time will be now replaced with a :exc:`SyntaxError` for better " +"error reporting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30119 +msgid "" +":issue:`34983`: Expose :meth:`symtable.Symbol.is_nonlocal` in the symtable " +"module. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30122 +msgid "" +":issue:`34974`: :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` constructors no longer" +" convert unexpected exceptions (e.g. :exc:`MemoryError` and " +":exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`) to :exc:`TypeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30126 +msgid "" +":issue:`34939`: Allow annotated names in module namespace that are declared " +"global before the annotation happens. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30129 +msgid "" +":issue:`34973`: Fixed crash in :func:`bytes` when the :class:`list` argument" +" is mutated while it is iterated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30132 +msgid "" +":issue:`34876`: The *lineno* and *col_offset* attributes of the AST for " +"decorated function and class refer now to the position of the corresponding " +"``def``, ``async def`` and ``class`` instead of the position of the first " +"decorator. This leads to more correct line reporting in tracing. This is the" +" only case when the position of child AST nodes can precede the position of " +"the parent AST node." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30139 +msgid "" +":issue:`34879`: Fix a possible null pointer dereference in bytesobject.c. " +"Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30142 +msgid "" +":issue:`34784`: Fix the implementation of PyStructSequence_NewType in order " +"to create heap allocated StructSequences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30145 +msgid "" +":issue:`32912`: A :exc:`SyntaxWarning` is now emitted instead of a " +":exc:`DeprecationWarning` for invalid escape sequences in string and bytes " +"literals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30149 +msgid "" +":issue:`34854`: Fixed a crash in compiling string annotations containing a " +"lambda with a keyword-only argument that doesn't have a default value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30152 +msgid "" +":issue:`34850`: The compiler now produces a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` when " +"identity checks (``is`` and ``is not``) are used with certain types of " +"literals (e.g. strings, ints). These can often work by accident in CPython," +" but are not guaranteed by the language spec. The warning advises users to " +"use equality tests (``==`` and ``!=``) instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30158 +msgid "" +":issue:`34824`: Fix a possible null pointer dereference in Modules/_ssl.c. " +"Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30161 +msgid "" +":issue:`30156`: The C function ``property_descr_get()`` uses a \"cached\" " +"tuple to optimize function calls. But this tuple can be discovered in debug " +"mode with :func:`sys.getobjects`. Remove the optimization, it's not really " +"worth it and it causes 3 different crashes last years." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30166 +msgid ":issue:`34762`: Fix contextvars C API to use PyObject* pointer types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30168 +msgid "" +":issue:`34751`: The hash function for tuples is now based on xxHash which " +"gives better collision results on (formerly) pathological cases. " +"Additionally, on 64-bit systems it improves tuple hashes in general. Patch " +"by Jeroen Demeyer with substantial contributions by Tim Peters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30173 +msgid "" +":issue:`34735`: Fix a memory leak in Modules/timemodule.c. Patch by Zackery" +" Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30176 +msgid "" +":issue:`34683`: Fixed a bug where some SyntaxError error pointed to " +"locations that were off-by-one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30179 +msgid "" +":issue:`34651`: Only allow the main interpreter to fork. The avoids the " +"possibility of affecting the main interpreter, which is critical to " +"operation of the runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30183 +msgid "" +":issue:`34653`: Remove unused function PyParser_SimpleParseStringFilename." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30185 +msgid "" +":issue:`32236`: Warn that line buffering is not supported if :func:`open` is" +" called with binary mode and ``buffering=1``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30188 +msgid "" +":issue:`34641`: Further restrict the syntax of the left-hand side of keyword" +" arguments in function calls. In particular, ``f((keyword)=arg)`` is now " +"disallowed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30192 +msgid "" +":issue:`34637`: Make the *start* argument to *sum()* visible as a keyword " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30195 +msgid "" +":issue:`1621`: Do not assume signed integer overflow behavior (C undefined " +"behavior) when performing set hash table resizing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30198 +msgid "" +":issue:`34588`: Fix an off-by-one in the recursive call pruning feature of " +"traceback formatting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30201 +msgid "" +":issue:`34485`: On Windows, the LC_CTYPE is now set to the user preferred " +"locale at startup. Previously, the LC_CTYPE locale was \"C\" at startup, but" +" changed when calling setlocale(LC_CTYPE, \"\") or setlocale(LC_ALL, \"\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30205 +msgid "" +":issue:`34485`: Standard streams like sys.stdout now use the " +"\"surrogateescape\" error handler, instead of \"strict\", on the POSIX " +"locale (when the C locale is not coerced and the UTF-8 Mode is disabled)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30209 +msgid "" +":issue:`34485`: Fix the error handler of standard streams like sys.stdout: " +"PYTHONIOENCODING=\":\" is now ignored instead of setting the error handler " +"to \"strict\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30213 +msgid "" +":issue:`34485`: Python now gets the locale encoding with C code to " +"initialize the encoding of standard streams like sys.stdout. Moreover, the " +"encoding is now initialized to the Python codec name to get a normalized " +"encoding name and to ensure that the codec is loaded. The change avoids " +"importing _bootlocale and _locale modules at startup by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30219 +msgid "" +":issue:`34527`: On FreeBSD, Py_DecodeLocale() and Py_EncodeLocale() now also" +" forces the ASCII encoding if the LC_CTYPE locale is \"POSIX\", not only if " +"the LC_CTYPE locale is \"C\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30223 +msgid "" +":issue:`34527`: The UTF-8 Mode is now also enabled by the \"POSIX\" locale, " +"not only by the \"C\" locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30226 +msgid "" +":issue:`34403`: On HP-UX with C or POSIX locale, sys.getfilesystemencoding()" +" now returns \"ascii\" instead of \"roman8\" (when the UTF-8 Mode is " +"disabled and the C locale is not coerced)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30230 +msgid "" +":issue:`34523`: The Python filesystem encoding is now read earlier during " +"the Python initialization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30233 +msgid "" +":issue:`12458`: Tracebacks show now correct line number for subexpressions " +"in multiline expressions. Tracebacks show now the line number of the first " +"line for multiline expressions instead of the line number of the last " +"subexpression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30238 +msgid "" +":issue:`34408`: Prevent a null pointer dereference and resource leakage in " +"``PyInterpreterState_New()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30241 +msgid "" +":issue:`34400`: Fix undefined behavior in parsetok.c. Patch by Zackery " +"Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30243 +msgid "" +":issue:`33073`: Added as_integer_ratio to ints to make them more " +"interoperable with floats." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30246 +msgid "" +":issue:`34377`: Update valgrind suppression list to use " +"``_PyObject_Free``/``_PyObject_Realloc`` instead of " +"``PyObject_Free``/``PyObject_Realloc``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30250 +msgid "" +":issue:`34353`: Added the \"socket\" option in the ``stat.filemode()`` " +"Python implementation to match the C implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30253 +msgid "" +":issue:`34320`: Fix ``dict(od)`` didn't copy iteration order of OrderedDict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30255 +msgid "" +":issue:`34113`: Fixed crash on debug builds when opcode stack was adjusted " +"with negative numbers. Patch by Constantin Petrisor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30258 +msgid "" +":issue:`34100`: Compiler now merges constants in tuples and frozensets " +"recursively. Code attributes like ``co_names`` are merged too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30261 +msgid "" +":issue:`34151`: Performance of list concatenation, repetition and slicing " +"operations is slightly improved. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30264 +msgid "" +":issue:`34170`: -X dev: it is now possible to override the memory allocator " +"using PYTHONMALLOC even if the developer mode is enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30267 +msgid "" +":issue:`33237`: Improved :exc:`AttributeError` message for partially " +"initialized module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30270 +msgid "" +":issue:`34149`: Fix min and max functions to get default behavior when key " +"is None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30273 +msgid "" +":issue:`34125`: Profiling of unbound built-in methods now works when " +"``**kwargs`` is given." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30276 +msgid "" +":issue:`34141`: Optimized pickling atomic types (None, bool, int, float, " +"bytes, str)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30279 +msgid "" +":issue:`34126`: Fix crashes when profiling certain invalid calls of unbound " +"methods. Patch by Jeroen Demeyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30282 +msgid "" +":issue:`24618`: Fixed reading invalid memory when create the code object " +"with too small varnames tuple or too large argument counts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30285 +msgid "" +":issue:`34068`: In :meth:`io.IOBase.close`, ensure that the " +":attr:`~io.IOBase.closed` attribute is not set with a live exception. Patch " +"by Zackery Spytz and Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30289 +msgid "" +":issue:`34087`: Fix buffer overflow while converting unicode to numeric " +"values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30291 +msgid "" +":issue:`34080`: Fixed a memory leak in the compiler when it raised some " +"uncommon errors during tokenizing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30294 +msgid "" +":issue:`34066`: Disabled interruption by Ctrl-C between calling ``open()`` " +"and entering a **with** block in ``with open()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30297 +msgid "" +":issue:`34042`: Fix dict.copy() to maintain correct total refcount (as " +"reported by sys.gettotalrefcount())." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30300 +msgid "" +":issue:`33418`: Fix potential memory leak in function object when it creates" +" reference cycle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30303 +msgid ":issue:`33985`: Implement contextvars.ContextVar.name attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30305 +msgid ":issue:`33956`: Update vendored Expat library copy to version 2.2.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30307 +msgid "" +":issue:`24596`: Decref the module object in " +":c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags` before calling :c:func:`PyErr_Print()`. " +"Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30310 +msgid "" +":issue:`33451`: Close directly executed pyc files before calling " +"``PyEval_EvalCode()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30313 +msgid "" +":issue:`1617161`: The hash of :class:`BuiltinMethodType` instances (methods " +"of built-in classes) now depends on the hash of the identity of *__self__* " +"instead of its value. The hash and equality of :class:`ModuleType` and " +":class:`MethodWrapperType` instances (methods of user-defined classes and " +"some methods of built-in classes like ``str.__add__``) now depend on the " +"hash and equality of the identity of *__self__* instead of its value. " +":class:`MethodWrapperType` instances no longer support ordering." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30321 +msgid "" +":issue:`33824`: Fix \"LC_ALL=C python3.7 -V\": reset properly the command " +"line parser when the encoding changes after reading the Python " +"configuration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30324 ../NEWS:32970 +msgid "" +":issue:`33803`: Fix a crash in hamt.c caused by enabling GC tracking for an " +"object that hadn't all of its fields set to NULL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30327 +msgid "" +":issue:`33738`: Seven macro incompatibilities with the Limited API were " +"fixed, and the macros :c:func:`PyIter_Check`, :c:func:`PyIndex_Check` and " +":c:func:`PyExceptionClass_Name` were added as functions. A script for " +"automatic macro checks was added." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30332 ../NEWS:37544 +msgid "" +":issue:`33786`: Fix asynchronous generators to handle GeneratorExit in " +"athrow() correctly" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30335 +msgid "" +":issue:`30167`: ``PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags`` removes ``__cached__`` from " +"module in addition to ``__file__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30338 ../NEWS:32973 +msgid "" +":issue:`33706`: Fix a crash in Python initialization when parsing the " +"command line options. Thanks Christoph Gohlke for the bug report and the " +"fix!" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30341 +msgid ":issue:`33597`: Reduce ``PyGC_Head`` size from 3 words to 2 words." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30343 ../NEWS:32976 ../NEWS:37547 +msgid "" +":issue:`30654`: Fixed reset of the SIGINT handler to SIG_DFL on interpreter " +"shutdown even when there was a custom handler set previously. Patch by " +"Philipp Kerling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30347 ../NEWS:33082 ../NEWS:37551 +msgid "" +":issue:`33622`: Fixed a leak when the garbage collector fails to add an " +"object with the ``__del__`` method or referenced by it into the " +":data:`gc.garbage` list. :c:func:`PyGC_Collect` can now be called when an " +"exception is set and preserves it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30352 +msgid "" +":issue:`33462`: Make dict and dict views reversible. Patch by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30354 +msgid "" +":issue:`23722`: A :exc:`RuntimeError` is now raised when the custom " +"metaclass doesn't provide the ``__classcell__`` entry in the namespace " +"passed to ``type.__new__``. A :exc:`DeprecationWarning` was emitted in " +"Python 3.6--3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30359 +msgid "" +":issue:`33499`: Add :envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` environment variable and " +":option:`-X` ``pycache_prefix`` command-line option to set an alternate root" +" directory for writing module bytecode cache files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30363 +msgid "" +":issue:`25711`: The :mod:`zipimport` module has been rewritten in pure " +"Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30365 ../NEWS:33087 +msgid "" +":issue:`33509`: Fix module_globals parameter of warnings.warn_explicit(): " +"don't crash if module_globals is not a dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30368 ../NEWS:32980 ../NEWS:37556 +msgid ":issue:`31849`: Fix signed/unsigned comparison warning in pyhash.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30370 ../NEWS:33094 +msgid "" +":issue:`33475`: Fixed miscellaneous bugs in converting annotations to " +"strings and optimized parentheses in the string representation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30373 +msgid "" +":issue:`20104`: Added support for the ``setpgroup``, ``resetids``, " +"``setsigmask``, ``setsigdef`` and ``scheduler`` parameters of " +"``posix_spawn``. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30377 ../NEWS:33097 ../NEWS:37558 +msgid ":issue:`33391`: Fix a leak in set_symmetric_difference()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30379 ../NEWS:33295 +msgid "" +":issue:`33363`: Raise a SyntaxError for ``async with`` and ``async for`` " +"statements outside of async functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30382 ../NEWS:33099 ../NEWS:37560 +msgid "" +":issue:`28055`: Fix unaligned accesses in siphash24(). Patch by Rolf Eike " +"Beer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30384 ../NEWS:33298 +msgid "" +":issue:`33128`: Fix a bug that causes PathFinder to appear twice on " +"sys.meta_path. Patch by Pablo Galindo Salgado." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30387 +msgid "" +":issue:`33331`: Modules imported last are now cleared first at interpreter " +"shutdown." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30390 ../NEWS:33301 +msgid "" +":issue:`33312`: Fixed clang ubsan (undefined behavior sanitizer) warnings in" +" dictobject.c by adjusting how the internal struct _dictkeysobject shared " +"keys structure is declared." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30394 +msgid "" +":issue:`33305`: Improved syntax error messages for invalid numerical " +"literals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30396 +msgid "" +":issue:`33306`: Improved syntax error messages for unbalanced parentheses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30398 +msgid "" +":issue:`33234`: The list constructor will pre-size and not over-allocate " +"when the input length is known." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30401 +msgid "" +":issue:`33270`: Intern the names for all anonymous code objects. Patch by " +"Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30404 +msgid "" +":issue:`30455`: The C and Python code and the documentation related to " +"tokens are now generated from a single source file :file:`Grammar/Tokens`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30407 +msgid ":issue:`33176`: Add a ``toreadonly()`` method to memoryviews." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30409 ../NEWS:33305 ../NEWS:37562 +msgid ":issue:`33231`: Fix potential memory leak in ``normalizestring()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30411 ../NEWS:33307 +msgid "" +":issue:`33205`: Change dict growth function from " +"``round_up_to_power_2(used*2+hashtable_size/2)`` to " +"``round_up_to_power_2(used*3)``. Previously, dict is shrinked only when " +"``used == 0``. Now dict has more chance to be shrinked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30416 ../NEWS:33312 ../NEWS:37564 +msgid "" +":issue:`29922`: Improved error messages in 'async with' when " +"``__aenter__()`` or ``__aexit__()`` return non-awaitable object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30419 ../NEWS:33315 ../NEWS:37567 +msgid "" +":issue:`33199`: Fix ``ma_version_tag`` in dict implementation is " +"uninitialized when copying from key-sharing dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30422 ../NEWS:33486 +msgid "" +":issue:`33053`: When using the -m switch, sys.path[0] is now explicitly " +"expanded as the *starting* working directory, rather than being left as the " +"empty path (which allows imports from the current working directory at the " +"time of the import)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30427 +msgid "" +":issue:`33138`: Changed standard error message for non-pickleable and non-" +"copyable types. It now says \"cannot pickle\" instead of \"can't pickle\" or" +" \"cannot serialize\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30431 ../NEWS:33491 +msgid "" +":issue:`33018`: Improve consistency of errors raised by ``issubclass()`` " +"when called with a non-class and an abstract base class as the first and " +"second arguments, respectively. Patch by Josh Bronson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30435 +msgid "" +":issue:`33083`: ``math.factorial`` no longer accepts arguments that are not " +"int-like. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30438 +msgid "" +":issue:`33041`: Added new opcode :opcode:`END_ASYNC_FOR` and fixes the " +"following issues:" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30441 +msgid "" +"Setting global :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` no longer breaks ``async for`` " +"loops." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30443 +msgid "Jumping into an ``async for`` loop is now disabled." +msgstr "跳入一个 ``async for`` 循环现在被禁止了。" + +#: ../NEWS:30444 +msgid "Jumping out of an ``async for`` loop no longer corrupts the stack." +msgstr "跳出一个 ``async for`` 循环不再会破坏堆栈了。" + +#: ../NEWS:30446 +msgid "" +":issue:`25750`: Fix rare Python crash due to bad refcounting in " +"``type_getattro()`` if a descriptor deletes itself from the class. Patch by " +"Jeroen Demeyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30450 +msgid "" +":issue:`33041`: Fixed bytecode generation for \"async for\" with a complex " +"target. A StopAsyncIteration raised on assigning or unpacking will be now " +"propagated instead of stopping the iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30454 ../NEWS:33497 ../NEWS:37881 +msgid ":issue:`33026`: Fixed jumping out of \"with\" block by setting f_lineno." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30456 ../NEWS:33499 +msgid "" +":issue:`33005`: Fix a crash on fork when using a custom memory allocator " +"(ex: using PYTHONMALLOC env var). _PyGILState_Reinit() and " +"_PyInterpreterState_Enable() now use the default RAW memory allocator to " +"allocate a new interpreters mutex on fork." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30461 ../NEWS:33101 +msgid "" +":issue:`32911`: Due to unexpected compatibility issues discovered during " +"downstream beta testing, reverted :issue:`29463`. ``docstring`` field is " +"removed from Module, ClassDef, FunctionDef, and AsyncFunctionDef ast nodes " +"which was added in 3.7a1. Docstring expression is restored as a first " +"statement in their body. Based on patch by Inada Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30467 ../NEWS:33504 ../NEWS:37883 +msgid "" +":issue:`17288`: Prevent jumps from 'return' and 'exception' trace events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30469 +msgid "" +":issue:`32946`: Importing names from already imported module with \"from ..." +" import ...\" is now 30% faster if the module is not a package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30472 +msgid "" +":issue:`32932`: Make error message more revealing when there are non-str " +"objects in ``__all__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30475 +msgid "" +":issue:`32925`: Optimized iterating and containing test for literal lists " +"consisting of non-constants: ``x in [a, b]`` and ``for x in [a, b]``. The " +"case of all constant elements already was optimized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30479 ../NEWS:33696 ../NEWS:37885 +msgid "" +":issue:`32889`: Update Valgrind suppression list to account for the rename " +"of ``Py_ADDRESS_IN_RANG`` to ``address_in_range``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30482 ../NEWS:33506 +msgid "" +":issue:`32836`: Don't use temporary variables in cases of list/dict/set " +"comprehensions" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30485 ../NEWS:33699 +msgid "" +":issue:`31356`: Remove the new API added in :issue:`31356` " +"(gc.ensure_disabled() context manager)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30488 ../NEWS:33702 +msgid "" +":issue:`32305`: For namespace packages, ensure that both ``__file__`` and " +"``__spec__.origin`` are set to None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30491 ../NEWS:33705 +msgid "" +":issue:`32303`: Make sure ``__spec__.loader`` matches ``__loader__`` for " +"namespace packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30494 ../NEWS:33708 +msgid "" +":issue:`32711`: Fix the warning messages for Python/ast_unparse.c. Patch by " +"Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30497 ../NEWS:33711 ../NEWS:37896 +msgid "" +":issue:`32583`: Fix possible crashing in builtin Unicode decoders caused by " +"write out-of-bound errors when using customized decode error handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30500 +msgid "" +":issue:`32489`: A :keyword:`continue` statement is now allowed in the " +":keyword:`finally` clause." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30503 +msgid "" +":issue:`17611`: Simplified the interpreter loop by moving the logic of " +"unrolling the stack of blocks into the compiler. The compiler emits now " +"explicit instructions for adjusting the stack of values and calling the " +"cleaning up code for :keyword:`break`, :keyword:`continue` and " +":keyword:`return`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30509 +msgid "" +"Removed opcodes :opcode:`BREAK_LOOP`, :opcode:`CONTINUE_LOOP`, " +":opcode:`SETUP_LOOP` and :opcode:`SETUP_EXCEPT`. Added new opcodes " +":opcode:`ROT_FOUR`, :opcode:`BEGIN_FINALLY` and :opcode:`CALL_FINALLY` and " +":opcode:`POP_FINALLY`. Changed the behavior of :opcode:`END_FINALLY` and " +":opcode:`WITH_CLEANUP_START`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30515 +msgid "" +":issue:`32285`: New function unicodedata.is_normalized, which can check " +"whether a string is in a specific normal form." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30518 +msgid "" +":issue:`10544`: Yield expressions are now disallowed in comprehensions and " +"generator expressions except the expression for the outermost iterable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30521 +msgid "" +":issue:`32117`: Iterable unpacking is now allowed without parentheses in " +"yield and return statements, e.g. ``yield 1, 2, 3, *rest``. Thanks to David " +"Cuthbert for the change and Jordan Chapman for added tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30525 +msgid "" +":issue:`31902`: Fix the ``col_offset`` attribute for ast nodes " +"``ast.AsyncFor``, ``ast.AsyncFunctionDef``, and ``ast.AsyncWith``. " +"Previously, ``col_offset`` pointed to the keyword after ``async``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30529 +msgid "" +":issue:`25862`: Fix assertion failures in the ``tell()`` method of " +"``io.TextIOWrapper``. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30532 ../NEWS:33107 ../NEWS:37575 +msgid "" +":issue:`21983`: Fix a crash in ``ctypes.cast()`` in case the type argument " +"is a ctypes structured data type. Patch by Eryk Sun and Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30535 +msgid "" +":issue:`31577`: Fix a crash in ``os.utime()`` in case of a bad ns argument. " +"Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30538 +msgid "" +":issue:`29832`: Remove references to 'getsockaddrarg' from various socket " +"error messages. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30544 +msgid ":issue:`35845`: Add 'order' parameter to memoryview.tobytes()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30546 +msgid "" +":issue:`35864`: The _asdict() method for collections.namedtuple now returns " +"a regular dict instead of an OrderedDict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30549 +msgid "" +":issue:`35537`: An ExitStack is now used internally within subprocess.Popen " +"to clean up pipe file handles. No behavior change in normal operation. But " +"if closing one handle were ever to cause an exception, the others will now " +"be closed instead of leaked. (patch by Giampaolo Rodola)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30554 +msgid "" +":issue:`35847`: RISC-V needed the CTYPES_PASS_BY_REF_HACK. Fixes ctypes " +"Structure test_pass_by_value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30557 +msgid "" +":issue:`35813`: Shared memory submodule added to multiprocessing to avoid " +"need for serialization between processes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30560 +msgid "" +":issue:`35780`: Fix lru_cache() errors arising in recursive, reentrant, or " +"multi-threaded code. These errors could result in orphan links and in the " +"cache being trapped in a state with fewer than the specified maximum number " +"of links. Fix handling of negative maxsize which should have been treated as" +" zero. Fix errors in toggling the \"full\" status flag. Fix misordering of " +"links when errors are encountered. Sync-up the C code and pure Python code " +"for the space saving path in functions with a single positional argument. In" +" this common case, the space overhead of an lru cache entry is reduced by " +"almost half. Fix counting of cache misses. In error cases, the miss count " +"was out of sync with the actual number of times the underlying user function" +" was called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30572 +msgid "" +":issue:`35537`: :func:`os.posix_spawn` and :func:`os.posix_spawnp` now have " +"a *setsid* parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30575 +msgid "" +":issue:`23846`: :class:`asyncio.ProactorEventLoop` now catches and logs send" +" errors when the self-pipe is full." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30578 +msgid "" +":issue:`34323`: :mod:`asyncio`: Enhance ``IocpProactor.close()`` log: wait 1" +" second before the first log, then log every second. Log also the number of " +"seconds since ``close()`` was called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30582 +msgid "" +":issue:`35674`: Add a new :func:`os.posix_spawnp` function. Patch by Joannah" +" Nanjekye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30585 +msgid "" +":issue:`35733`: ``ast.Constant(boolean)`` no longer an instance of " +":class:`ast.Num`. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30588 +msgid "" +":issue:`35726`: QueueHandler.prepare() now makes a copy of the record before" +" modifying and enqueueing it, to avoid affecting other handlers in the " +"chain." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30592 +msgid "" +":issue:`35719`: Sped up multi-argument :mod:`math` functions atan2(), " +"copysign(), remainder() and hypot() by 1.3--2.5 times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30595 +msgid "" +":issue:`35717`: Fix KeyError exception raised when using enums and compile. " +"Patch contributed by Rémi Lapeyre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30598 +msgid "" +":issue:`35699`: Fixed detection of Visual Studio Build Tools 2017 in " +"distutils" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30600 +msgid "" +":issue:`32710`: Fix memory leaks in asyncio ProactorEventLoop on overlapped " +"operation failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30603 +msgid "" +":issue:`35702`: The :const:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW` constant is now available" +" for macOS 10.12." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30606 +msgid "" +":issue:`32710`: Fix a memory leak in asyncio in the ProactorEventLoop when " +"``ReadFile()`` or ``WSASend()`` overlapped operation fail immediately: " +"release the internal buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30610 +msgid "" +":issue:`35682`: Fix ``asyncio.ProactorEventLoop.sendfile()``: don't attempt " +"to set the result of an internal future if it's already done." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30613 +msgid "" +":issue:`35283`: Add a deprecated warning for the " +":meth:`threading.Thread.isAlive` method. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30616 +msgid "" +":issue:`35664`: Improve operator.itemgetter() performance by 33% with " +"optimized argument handling and with adding a fast path for the common case " +"of a single non-negative integer index into a tuple (which is the typical " +"use case in the standard library)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30621 +msgid "" +":issue:`35643`: Fixed a SyntaxWarning: invalid escape sequence in " +"Modules/_sha3/cleanup.py. Patch by Mickaël Schoentgen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30624 +msgid "" +":issue:`35619`: Improved support of custom data descriptors in :func:`help` " +"and :mod:`pydoc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30627 +msgid "" +":issue:`28503`: The ``crypt`` module now internally uses the ``crypt_r()`` " +"library function instead of ``crypt()`` when available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30630 +msgid ":issue:`35614`: Fixed help() on metaclasses. Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30632 +msgid ":issue:`35568`: Expose ``raise(signum)`` as ``raise_signal``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30634 +msgid "" +":issue:`35588`: The floor division and modulo operations and the " +":func:`divmod` function on :class:`fractions.Fraction` types are 2--4x " +"faster. Patch by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30638 +msgid "" +":issue:`35585`: Speed-up building enums by value, e.g. http.HTTPStatus(200)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30640 +msgid "" +":issue:`30561`: random.gammavariate(1.0, beta) now computes the same result " +"as random.expovariate(1.0 / beta). This synchronizes the two algorithms and" +" eliminates some idiosyncrasies in the old implementation. It does however " +"produce a difference stream of random variables than it used to." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30645 +msgid "" +":issue:`35537`: The :mod:`subprocess` module can now use the " +":func:`os.posix_spawn` function in some cases for better performance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30648 +msgid "" +":issue:`35526`: Delaying the 'joke' of barry_as_FLUFL.mandatory to Python " +"version 4.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30651 +msgid "" +":issue:`35523`: Remove :mod:`ctypes` callback workaround: no longer create a" +" callback at startup. Avoid SELinux alert on ``import ctypes`` and ``import " +"uuid``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30655 +msgid "" +":issue:`31784`: :func:`uuid.uuid1` now calls :func:`time.time_ns` rather " +"than ``int(time.time() * 1e9)``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30658 +msgid "" +":issue:`35513`: :class:`~unittest.runner.TextTestRunner` of " +":mod:`unittest.runner` now uses :func:`time.perf_counter` rather than " +":func:`time.time` to measure the execution time of a test: :func:`time.time`" +" can go backwards, whereas :func:`time.perf_counter` is monotonic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30664 +msgid "" +":issue:`35502`: Fixed reference leaks in " +":class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder` in case of unfinished building of" +" the tree (in particular when an error was raised during parsing XML)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30668 +msgid "" +":issue:`35348`: Make :func:`platform.architecture` parsing of ``file`` " +"command output more reliable: add the ``-b`` option to the ``file`` command " +"to omit the filename, force the usage of the C locale, and search also the " +"\"shared object\" pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30673 +msgid "" +":issue:`35491`: :mod:`multiprocessing`: Add ``Pool.__repr__()`` and enhance " +"``BaseProcess.__repr__()`` (add pid and parent pid) to ease debugging. Pool " +"state constant values are now strings instead of integers, for example " +"``RUN`` value becomes ``'RUN'`` instead of ``0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30678 +msgid "" +":issue:`35477`: :meth:`multiprocessing.Pool.__enter__` now fails if the pool" +" is not running: ``with pool:`` fails if used more than once." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30681 +msgid "" +":issue:`31446`: Copy command line that was passed to CreateProcessW since " +"this function can change the content of the input buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30684 +msgid "" +":issue:`35471`: Python 2.4 dropped MacOS 9 support. The macpath module was " +"deprecated in Python 3.7. The module is now removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30687 +msgid "" +":issue:`23057`: Unblock Proactor event loop when keyboard interrupt is " +"received on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30690 +msgid "" +":issue:`35052`: Fix xml.dom.minidom cloneNode() on a document with an " +"entity: pass the correct arguments to the user data handler of an entity." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30693 +msgid "" +":issue:`20239`: Allow repeated assignment deletion of " +":class:`unittest.mock.Mock` attributes. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30696 +msgid "" +":issue:`17185`: Set ``__signature__`` on mock for :mod:`inspect` to get " +"signature. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30699 +msgid "" +":issue:`35445`: Memory errors during creating posix.environ no longer " +"ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30701 +msgid ":issue:`35415`: Validate fileno= argument to socket.socket()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30703 +msgid "" +":issue:`35424`: :class:`multiprocessing.Pool` destructor now emits " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` if the pool is still running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30706 +msgid "" +":issue:`35330`: When a :class:`Mock` instance was used to wrap an object, if" +" ``side_effect`` is used in one of the mocks of it methods, don't call the " +"original implementation and return the result of using the side effect the " +"same way that it is done with return_value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30711 +msgid "" +":issue:`35346`: Drop Mac OS 9 and Rhapsody support from the :mod:`platform` " +"module. Rhapsody last release was in 2000. Mac OS 9 last release was in " +"2001." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30715 +msgid "" +":issue:`10496`: :func:`~distutils.utils.check_environ` of " +"``distutils.utils`` now catches :exc:`KeyError` on calling " +":func:`pwd.getpwuid`: don't create the ``HOME`` environment variable in this" +" case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30719 +msgid "" +":issue:`10496`: :func:`posixpath.expanduser` now returns the input *path* " +"unchanged if the ``HOME`` environment variable is not set and the current " +"user has no home directory (if the current user identifier doesn't exist in " +"the password database). This change fix the :mod:`site` module if the " +"current user doesn't exist in the password database (if the user has no home" +" directory)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30726 +msgid "" +":issue:`35389`: :func:`platform.libc_ver` now uses " +"``os.confstr('CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION')`` if available and the *executable* " +"parameter is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30730 +msgid ":issue:`35394`: Add empty slots to asyncio abstract protocols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30732 +msgid "" +":issue:`35310`: Fix a bug in :func:`select.select` where, in some cases, the" +" file descriptor sequences were returned unmodified after a signal " +"interruption, even though the file descriptors might not be ready yet. " +":func:`select.select` will now always return empty lists if a timeout has " +"occurred. Patch by Oran Avraham." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30738 +msgid "" +":issue:`35380`: Enable TCP_NODELAY on Windows for proactor asyncio event " +"loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30740 +msgid "" +":issue:`35341`: Add generic version of ``collections.OrderedDict`` to the " +"``typing`` module. Patch by Ismo Toijala." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30743 +msgid "" +":issue:`35371`: Fixed possible crash in ``os.utime()`` on Windows when pass " +"incorrect arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30746 +msgid "" +":issue:`35346`: :func:`platform.uname` now redirects ``stderr`` to " +":data:`os.devnull` when running external programs like ``cmd /c ver``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30749 +msgid "" +":issue:`35066`: Previously, calling the strftime() method on a datetime " +"object with a trailing '%' in the format string would result in an " +"exception. However, this only occurred when the datetime C module was being " +"used; the python implementation did not match this behavior. Datetime is now" +" PEP-399 compliant, and will not throw an exception on a trailing '%'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30755 +msgid "" +":issue:`35345`: The function ``platform.popen`` has been removed, it was " +"deprecated since Python 3.3: use :func:`os.popen` instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30758 +msgid "" +":issue:`35344`: On macOS, :func:`platform.platform` now uses " +":func:`platform.mac_ver`, if it returns a non-empty release string, to get " +"the macOS version rather than the darwin version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30762 +msgid "" +":issue:`35312`: Make ``lib2to3.pgen2.parse.ParseError`` round-trip pickle-" +"able. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30765 +msgid "" +":issue:`35308`: Fix regression in ``webbrowser`` where default browsers may " +"be preferred over browsers in the ``BROWSER`` environment variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30768 +msgid "" +":issue:`24746`: Avoid stripping trailing whitespace in doctest fancy diff. " +"Original patch by R. David Murray & Jairo Trad. Enhanced by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30772 +msgid "" +":issue:`28604`: :func:`locale.localeconv` now sets temporarily the " +"``LC_CTYPE`` locale to the ``LC_MONETARY`` locale if the two locales are " +"different and monetary strings are non-ASCII. This temporary change affects " +"other threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30777 +msgid "" +":issue:`35277`: Update ensurepip to install pip 18.1 and setuptools 40.6.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30779 +msgid ":issue:`24209`: Adds IPv6 support when invoking http.server directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30781 +msgid "" +":issue:`35226`: Recursively check arguments when testing for equality of " +":class:`unittest.mock.call` objects and add note that tracking of parameters" +" used to create ancestors of mocks in ``mock_calls`` is not possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30786 +msgid "" +":issue:`29564`: The warnings module now suggests to enable tracemalloc if " +"the source is specified, the tracemalloc module is available, but " +"tracemalloc is not tracing memory allocations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30790 +msgid "" +":issue:`35189`: Modify the following fnctl function to retry if interrupted " +"by a signal (EINTR): flock, lockf, fnctl" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30793 +msgid "" +":issue:`30064`: Use add_done_callback() in sock_* asyncio API to unsubscribe" +" reader/writer early on calcellation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30796 +msgid "" +":issue:`35186`: Removed the \"built with\" comment added when ``setup.py " +"upload`` is used with either ``bdist_rpm`` or ``bdist_dumb``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30799 +msgid "" +":issue:`35152`: Allow sending more than 2 GB at once on a multiprocessing " +"connection on non-Windows systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30802 +msgid "" +":issue:`35062`: Fix incorrect parsing of " +":class:`io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder`'s *translate* argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30805 +msgid "" +":issue:`35065`: Remove ``StreamReaderProtocol._untrack_reader``. The call to" +" ``_untrack_reader`` is currently performed too soon, causing the protocol " +"to forget about the reader before ``connection_lost`` can run and feed the " +"EOF to the reader." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30810 +msgid "" +":issue:`34160`: ElementTree and minidom now preserve the attribute order " +"specified by the user." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30813 +msgid "" +":issue:`35079`: Improve difflib.SequenceManager.get_matching_blocks doc by " +"adding 'non-overlapping' and changing '!=' to '<'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30816 +msgid "" +":issue:`33710`: Deprecated ``l*gettext()`` functions and methods in the " +":mod:`gettext` module. They return encoded bytes instead of Unicode strings " +"and are artifacts from Python 2 times. Also deprecated functions and methods" +" related to setting the charset for ``l*gettext()`` functions and methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30822 +msgid "" +":issue:`35017`: :meth:`socketserver.BaseServer.serve_forever` now exits " +"immediately if it's :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.shutdown` method is " +"called while it is polling for new events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30826 +msgid "" +":issue:`35024`: ``importlib`` no longer logs ``wrote `` " +"redundantly after ``(created|could not create) `` is already " +"logged. Patch by Quentin Agren." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30830 +msgid "" +":issue:`35047`: ``unittest.mock`` now includes mock calls in exception " +"messages if ``assert_not_called``, ``assert_called_once``, or " +"``assert_called_once_with`` fails. Patch by Petter Strandmark." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30834 +msgid "" +":issue:`31047`: Fix ``ntpath.abspath`` regression where it didn't remove a " +"trailing separator on Windows. Patch by Tim Graham." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30837 +msgid "" +":issue:`35053`: tracemalloc now tries to update the traceback when an object" +" is reused from a \"free list\" (optimization for faster object creation, " +"used by the builtin list type for example)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30841 +msgid "" +":issue:`31553`: Add the --json-lines option to json.tool. Patch by " +"hongweipeng." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30843 +msgid "" +":issue:`34794`: Fixed a leak in Tkinter when pass the Python wrapper around " +"Tcl_Obj back to Tcl/Tk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30846 +msgid "" +":issue:`34909`: Enum: fix grandchildren subclassing when parent mixed with " +"concrete data types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30849 +msgid "" +":issue:`35022`: :class:`unittest.mock.MagicMock` now supports the " +"``__fspath__`` method (from :class:`os.PathLike`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30852 +msgid "" +":issue:`35008`: Fixed references leaks when call the ``__setstate__()`` " +"method of :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` in the C implementation for" +" already initialized element." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30856 +msgid "" +":issue:`23420`: Verify the value for the parameter '-s' of the cProfile CLI." +" Patch by Robert Kuska" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30859 +msgid "" +":issue:`33947`: dataclasses now handle recursive reprs without raising " +"RecursionError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30862 +msgid "" +":issue:`34890`: Make :func:`inspect.iscoroutinefunction`, " +":func:`inspect.isgeneratorfunction` and :func:`inspect.isasyncgenfunction` " +"work with :func:`functools.partial`. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30866 +msgid "" +":issue:`34521`: Use :func:`socket.CMSG_SPACE` to calculate ancillary data " +"size instead of :func:`socket.CMSG_LEN` in " +":func:`multiprocessing.reduction.recvfds` as :rfc:`3542` requires the use of" +" the former for portable applications." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30871 +msgid "" +":issue:`31522`: The ``mailbox.mbox.get_string`` function *from_* parameter " +"can now successfully be set to a non-default value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30874 +msgid "" +":issue:`34970`: Protect tasks weak set manipulation in " +"``asyncio.all_tasks()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30876 +msgid "" +":issue:`34969`: gzip: Add --fast, --best on the gzip CLI, these parameters " +"will be used for the fast compression method (quick) or the best method " +"compress (slower, but smaller file). Also, change the default compression " +"level to 6 (tradeoff)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30881 +msgid "" +":issue:`16965`: The 2to3 ``execfile`` fixer now opens the file with mode " +"``'rb'``. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30884 +msgid "" +":issue:`34966`: :mod:`pydoc` now supports aliases not only to methods " +"defined in the end class, but also to inherited methods. The docstring is " +"not duplicated for aliases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30888 +msgid "" +":issue:`34926`: :meth:`mimetypes.MimeTypes.guess_type` now accepts " +":term:`path-like object` in addition to url strings. Patch by Mayank " +"Asthana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30892 +msgid "" +":issue:`23831`: Add ``moveto()`` method to the ``tkinter.Canvas`` widget. " +"Patch by Juliette Monsel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30895 +msgid "" +":issue:`34941`: Methods ``find()``, ``findtext()`` and ``findall()`` of the " +"``Element`` class in the :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` module are now able to" +" find children which are instances of ``Element`` subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30899 +msgid "" +":issue:`32680`: :class:`smtplib.SMTP` objects now always have a ``sock`` " +"attribute present" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30902 +msgid "" +":issue:`34769`: Fix for async generators not finalizing when event loop is " +"in debug mode and garbage collector runs in another thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30905 +msgid "" +":issue:`34936`: Fix ``TclError`` in ``tkinter.Spinbox.selection_element()``." +" Patch by Juliette Monsel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30908 +msgid "" +":issue:`34829`: Add methods ``selection_from``, ``selection_range``, " +"``selection_present`` and ``selection_to`` to the ``tkinter.Spinbox`` for " +"consistency with the ``tkinter.Entry`` widget. Patch by Juliette Monsel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30912 +msgid "" +":issue:`34911`: Added *secure_protocols* argument to " +"*http.cookiejar.DefaultCookiePolicy* to allow for tweaking of protocols and " +"also to add support by default for *wss*, the secure websocket protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30917 +msgid "" +":issue:`34922`: Fixed integer overflow in the :meth:`~hashlib.shake.digest` " +"and :meth:`~hashlib.shake.hexdigest` methods for the SHAKE algorithm in the " +":mod:`hashlib` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30921 +msgid "" +":issue:`34925`: 25% speedup in argument parsing for the functions in the " +"bisect module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30924 +msgid "" +":issue:`34900`: Fixed :meth:`unittest.TestCase.debug` when used to call test" +" methods with subtests. Patch by Bruno Oliveira." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30927 +msgid "" +":issue:`34844`: logging.Formatter enhancement - Ensure styles and fmt " +"matches in logging.Formatter - Added validate method in each format style " +"class: StrFormatStyle, PercentStyle, StringTemplateStyle. - This method is " +"called in the constructor of logging.Formatter class - Also re-raise the " +"KeyError in the format method of each style class, so it would a bit clear " +"that it's an error with the invalid format fields." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30934 +msgid "" +":issue:`34897`: Adjust test.support.missing_compiler_executable check so " +"that a nominal command name of \"\" is ignored. Patch by Michael Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30937 +msgid "" +":issue:`34871`: Fix inspect module polluted ``sys.modules`` when parsing " +"``__text_signature__`` of callable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30940 +msgid "" +":issue:`34898`: Add ``mtime`` argument to ``gzip.compress`` for reproducible" +" output. Patch by Guo Ci Teo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30943 +msgid "" +":issue:`28441`: On Cygwin and MinGW, ensure that ``sys.executable`` always " +"includes the full filename in the path, including the ``.exe`` suffix " +"(unless it is a symbolic link)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30947 +msgid "" +":issue:`34866`: Adding ``max_num_fields`` to ``cgi.FieldStorage`` to make " +"DOS attacks harder by limiting the number of ``MiniFieldStorage`` objects " +"created by ``FieldStorage``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30951 +msgid "" +":issue:`34711`: http.server ensures it reports HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND when the" +" local path ends with \"/\" and is not a directory, even if the underlying " +"OS (e.g. AIX) accepts such paths as a valid file reference. Patch by Michael" +" Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30956 +msgid "" +":issue:`34872`: Fix self-cancellation in C implementation of asyncio.Task" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30958 +msgid "" +":issue:`34849`: Don't log waiting for ``selector.select`` in asyncio loop " +"iteration. The waiting is pretty normal for any asyncio program, logging its" +" time just adds a noise to logs without any useful information provided." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30963 +msgid "" +":issue:`34022`: The :envvar:`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` environment variable no " +"longer overrides the value of the *invalidation_mode* argument to " +":func:`py_compile.compile`, and determines its default value instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30967 +msgid "" +":issue:`34819`: Use a monotonic clock to compute timeouts in " +":meth:`Executor.map` and :func:`as_completed`, in order to prevent timeouts " +"from deviating when the system clock is adjusted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30971 +msgid "" +":issue:`34758`: Add .wasm -> application/wasm to list of recognized file " +"types and content type headers" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30974 +msgid "" +":issue:`34789`: :func:`xml.sax.make_parser` now accepts any iterable as its " +"*parser_list* argument. Patch by Andrés Delfino." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30977 +msgid "" +":issue:`34334`: In :class:`QueueHandler`, clear ``exc_text`` from " +":class:`LogRecord` to prevent traceback from being written twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30980 +msgid "" +":issue:`34687`: On Windows, asyncio now uses ProactorEventLoop, instead of " +"SelectorEventLoop, by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30983 +msgid "" +":issue:`5950`: Support reading zip files with archive comments in " +":mod:`zipimport`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30986 +msgid "" +":issue:`32892`: The parser now represents all constants as " +":class:`ast.Constant` instead of using specific constant AST types (``Num``," +" ``Str``, ``Bytes``, ``NameConstant`` and ``Ellipsis``). These classes are " +"considered deprecated and will be removed in future Python versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30992 +msgid "" +":issue:`34728`: Add deprecation warning when ``loop`` is used in methods: " +"``asyncio.sleep``, ``asyncio.wait`` and ``asyncio.wait_for``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30995 +msgid "" +":issue:`34738`: ZIP files created by ``distutils`` will now include entries " +"for directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:30998 +msgid "" +":issue:`34659`: Add an optional *initial* argument to " +"itertools.accumulate()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31000 +msgid ":issue:`29577`: Support multiple mixin classes when creating Enums." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31002 +msgid "" +":issue:`34670`: Add SSLContext.post_handshake_auth and " +"SSLSocket.verify_client_post_handshake for TLS 1.3's post handshake " +"authentication feature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31006 +msgid "" +":issue:`32718`: The Activate.ps1 script from venv works with PowerShell Core" +" 6.1 and is now available under all operating systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31009 +msgid "" +":issue:`31177`: Fix bug that prevented using :meth:`reset_mock " +"` on mock instances with deleted attributes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31012 +msgid "" +":issue:`34672`: Add a workaround, so the ``'Z'`` :func:`time.strftime` " +"specifier on the musl C library can work in some cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31015 +msgid "" +":issue:`34666`: Implement ``asyncio.StreamWriter.awrite`` and " +"``asyncio.StreamWriter.aclose()`` coroutines. Methods are needed for " +"providing a consistent stream API with control flow switched on by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31020 +msgid "" +":issue:`6721`: Acquire the logging module's commonly used internal locks " +"while fork()ing to avoid deadlocks in the child process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31023 +msgid "" +":issue:`34658`: Fix a rare interpreter unhandled exception state SystemError" +" only seen when using subprocess with a preexec_fn while an after_parent " +"handler has been registered with os.register_at_fork and the fork system " +"call fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31028 +msgid ":issue:`34652`: Ensure :func:`os.lchmod` is never defined on Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31030 +msgid "" +":issue:`34638`: Store a weak reference to stream reader to break strong " +"references loop between reader and protocol. It allows to detect and close " +"the socket if the stream is deleted (garbage collected) without ``close()`` " +"call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31035 +msgid "" +":issue:`34536`: ``Enum._missing_``: raise ``ValueError`` if None returned " +"and ``TypeError`` if non-member is returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31038 +msgid "" +":issue:`34636`: Speed up re scanning of many non-matching characters for \\s" +" \\w and \\d within bytes objects. (microoptimization)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31041 +msgid "" +":issue:`24412`: Add :func:`~unittest.addModuleCleanup` and " +":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addClassCleanup` to unittest to support cleanups " +"for :func:`~unittest.setUpModule` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUpClass`." +" Patch by Lisa Roach." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31046 +msgid "" +":issue:`34630`: Don't log SSL certificate errors in asyncio code (connection" +" error logging is skipped already)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31049 +msgid "" +":issue:`32490`: Prevent filename duplication in :mod:`subprocess` exception " +"messages. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31052 +msgid "" +":issue:`34363`: dataclasses.asdict() and .astuple() now handle namedtuples " +"correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31055 +msgid ":issue:`34625`: Update vendorized expat library version to 2.2.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31057 +msgid "" +":issue:`32270`: The subprocess module no longer mistakenly closes redirected" +" fds even when they were in pass_fds when outside of the default {0, 1, 2} " +"set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31061 +msgid "" +":issue:`34622`: Create a dedicated ``asyncio.CancelledError``, " +"``asyncio.InvalidStateError`` and ``asyncio.TimeoutError`` exception " +"classes. Inherit them from corresponding exceptions from " +"``concurrent.futures`` package. Extract ``asyncio`` exceptions into a " +"separate file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31067 +msgid "" +":issue:`34610`: Fixed iterator of " +":class:`multiprocessing.managers.DictProxy`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31069 +msgid "" +":issue:`34421`: Fix distutils logging for non-ASCII strings. This caused " +"installation issues on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31072 +msgid "" +":issue:`34604`: Fix possible mojibake in the error message of " +"``pwd.getpwnam`` and ``grp.getgrnam`` using string representation because of" +" invisible characters or trailing whitespaces. Patch by William Grzybowski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31076 +msgid "" +":issue:`30977`: Make uuid.UUID use ``__slots__`` to reduce its memory " +"footprint. Based on original patch by Wouter Bolsterlee." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31079 +msgid "" +":issue:`34574`: OrderedDict iterators are not exhausted during pickling " +"anymore. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31082 +msgid "" +":issue:`8110`: Refactored :mod:`subprocess` to check for Windows-specific " +"modules rather than ``sys.platform == 'win32'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31085 +msgid "" +":issue:`34530`: ``distutils.spawn.find_executable()`` now falls back on " +":data:`os.defpath` if the ``PATH`` environment variable is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31088 +msgid "" +":issue:`34563`: On Windows, fix multiprocessing.Connection for very large " +"read: fix _winapi.PeekNamedPipe() and _winapi.ReadFile() for read larger " +"than INT_MAX (usually ``2**31-1``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31092 +msgid ":issue:`34558`: Correct typo in Lib/ctypes/_aix.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31094 +msgid "" +":issue:`34282`: Move ``Enum._convert`` to ``EnumMeta._convert_`` and fix " +"enum members getting shadowed by parent attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31097 +msgid "" +":issue:`22872`: When the queue is closed, :exc:`ValueError` is now raised by" +" :meth:`multiprocessing.Queue.put` and :meth:`multiprocessing.Queue.get` " +"instead of :exc:`AssertionError` and :exc:`OSError`, respectively. Patch by " +"Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31102 +msgid "" +":issue:`34515`: Fix parsing non-ASCII identifiers in " +":mod:`!lib2to3.pgen2.tokenize` (:pep:`3131`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31105 +msgid "" +":issue:`13312`: Avoids a possible integer underflow (undefined behavior) in " +"the time module's year handling code when passed a very low negative year " +"value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31109 +msgid "" +":issue:`34472`: Improved compatibility for streamed files in :mod:`zipfile`." +" Previously an optional signature was not being written and certain ZIP " +"applications were not supported. Patch by Silas Sewell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31113 +msgid "" +":issue:`34454`: Fix the .fromisoformat() methods of datetime types crashing " +"when given unicode with non-UTF-8-encodable code points. Specifically, " +"datetime.fromisoformat() now accepts surrogate unicode code points used as " +"the separator. Report and tests by Alexey Izbyshev, patch by Paul Ganssle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31118 +msgid "" +":issue:`6700`: Fix inspect.getsourcelines for module level " +"frames/tracebacks. Patch by Vladimir Matveev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31121 +msgid "" +":issue:`34171`: Running the :mod:`trace` module no longer creates the " +"``trace.cover`` file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31124 +msgid "" +":issue:`34441`: Fix crash when an ``ABC``-derived class with invalid " +"``__subclasses__`` is passed as the second argument to :func:`issubclass`. " +"Patch by Alexey Izbyshev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31128 +msgid "" +":issue:`34427`: Fix infinite loop in ``a.extend(a)`` for ``MutableSequence``" +" subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31131 +msgid "" +":issue:`34412`: Make :func:`signal.strsignal` work on HP-UX. Patch by " +"Michael Osipov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31134 +msgid "" +":issue:`20849`: shutil.copytree now accepts a new ``dirs_exist_ok`` keyword " +"argument. Patch by Josh Bronson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31137 +msgid "" +":issue:`31715`: Associate ``.mjs`` file extension with " +"``application/javascript`` MIME Type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31140 +msgid "" +":issue:`34384`: :func:`os.readlink` now accepts :term:`path-like ` and :class:`bytes` objects on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31143 +msgid "" +":issue:`22602`: The UTF-7 decoder now raises :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` for " +"ill-formed sequences starting with \"+\" (as specified in RFC 2152). Patch " +"by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31147 +msgid "" +":issue:`2122`: The :meth:`mmap.flush() ` method now returns" +" ``None`` on success, raises an exception on error under all platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31150 +msgid "" +":issue:`34341`: Appending to the ZIP archive with the ZIP64 extension no " +"longer grows the size of extra fields of existing entries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31153 +msgid "" +":issue:`34333`: Fix %-formatting in :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.with_suffix` " +"when formatting an error message." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31156 +msgid "" +":issue:`18540`: The :class:`imaplib.IMAP4` and :class:`imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` " +"classes now resolve to the local host IP correctly when the default value of" +" *host* parameter (``''``) is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31160 +msgid "" +":issue:`26502`: Implement ``traceback.FrameSummary.__len__()`` method to " +"preserve compatibility with the old tuple API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31163 +msgid "" +":issue:`34318`: :func:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRaises`, " +":func:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegex`, " +":func:`~unittest.TestCase.assertWarns` and " +":func:`~unittest.TestCase.assertWarnsRegex` no longer success if the passed " +"callable is None. They no longer ignore unknown keyword arguments in the " +"context manager mode. A DeprecationWarning was raised in these cases since " +"Python 3.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31171 +msgid "" +":issue:`9372`: Deprecate :meth:`~object.__getitem__` methods of " +":class:`xml.dom.pulldom.DOMEventStream`, :class:`wsgiref.util.FileWrapper` " +"and :class:`fileinput.FileInput`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31175 +msgid "" +":issue:`33613`: Fix a race condition in " +"``multiprocessing.semaphore_tracker`` when the tracker receives SIGINT " +"before it can register signal handlers for ignoring it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31179 +msgid "" +":issue:`34248`: Report filename in the exception raised when the database " +"file cannot be opened by :func:`dbm.gnu.open` and :func:`dbm.ndbm.open` due " +"to OS-related error. Patch by Zsolt Cserna." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31183 +msgid "" +":issue:`33089`: Add math.dist() to compute the Euclidean distance between " +"two points." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31186 +msgid "" +":issue:`34246`: :meth:`smtplib.SMTP.send_message` no longer modifies the " +"content of the *mail_options* argument. Patch by Pablo S. Blum de Aguiar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31189 +msgid "" +":issue:`31047`: Fix ``ntpath.abspath`` for invalid paths on windows. Patch " +"by Franz Woellert." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31192 +msgid "" +":issue:`32321`: Add pure Python fallback for functools.reduce. Patch by " +"Robert Wright." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31195 +msgid "" +":issue:`34270`: The default asyncio task class now always has a name which " +"can be get or set using two new methods (:meth:`~asyncio.Task.get_name` and " +":meth:`~asyncio.Task.set_name`) and is visible in the :func:`repr` output. " +"An initial name can also be set using the new ``name`` keyword argument to " +":func:`asyncio.create_task` or the " +":meth:`~asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_task` method of the event loop. If " +"no initial name is set, the default Task implementation generates a name " +"like ``Task-1`` using a monotonic counter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31204 +msgid "" +":issue:`34263`: asyncio's event loop will not pass timeouts longer than one " +"day to epoll/select etc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31207 +msgid "" +":issue:`34035`: Fix several AttributeError in zipfile seek() methods. Patch " +"by Mickaël Schoentgen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31210 +msgid "" +":issue:`32215`: Fix performance regression in :mod:`sqlite3` when a DML " +"statement appeared in a different line than the rest of the SQL query." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31213 +msgid "" +":issue:`34075`: Deprecate passing non-ThreadPoolExecutor instances to " +":meth:`AbstractEventLoop.set_default_executor`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31216 +msgid "" +":issue:`34251`: Restore ``msilib.Win64`` to preserve backwards compatibility" +" since it's already used by ``distutils``' ``bdist_msi`` command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31219 +msgid "" +":issue:`19891`: Ignore errors caused by missing / non-writable homedir while" +" writing history during exit of an interactive session. Patch by Anthony " +"Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31223 +msgid "" +":issue:`33089`: Enhanced math.hypot() to support more than two dimensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31225 +msgid "" +":issue:`34228`: tracemalloc: PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=0 environment variable and -X" +" tracemalloc=0 command line option are now allowed to disable explicitly " +"tracemalloc at startup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31229 +msgid "" +":issue:`13041`: Use :func:`shutil.get_terminal_size` to calculate the " +"terminal width correctly in the ``argparse.HelpFormatter`` class. Initial " +"patch by Zbyszek Jędrzejewski-Szmek." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31233 +msgid "" +":issue:`34213`: Allow frozen dataclasses to have a field named \"object\". " +"Previously this conflicted with an internal use of \"object\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31236 +msgid "" +":issue:`34052`: :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.create_aggregate`, " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.create_function`, " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.set_authorizer`, " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler` methods raises TypeError " +"when unhashable objects are passed as callable. These methods now don't pass" +" such objects to SQLite API. Previous behavior could lead to segfaults. " +"Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31244 +msgid "" +":issue:`34197`: Attributes *skipinitialspace*, *doublequote* and *strict* of" +" the *dialect* attribute of the :mod:`csv` reader are now :class:`bool` " +"instances instead of integers 0 or 1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31248 +msgid "" +":issue:`32788`: Errors other than :exc:`TypeError` raised in methods " +"``__adapt__()`` and ``__conform__()`` in the :mod:`sqlite3` module are now " +"propagated to the user." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31252 +msgid "" +":issue:`21446`: The ``reload`` fixer now uses :func:`importlib.reload` " +"instead of deprecated :func:`!imp.reload`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31255 +msgid "" +":issue:`940286`: pydoc's ``Helper.showtopic()`` method now prints the cross " +"references of a topic correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31258 +msgid "" +":issue:`34164`: :func:`base64.b32decode` could raise UnboundLocalError or " +"OverflowError for incorrect padding. Now it always raises " +":exc:`base64.Error` in these cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31262 +msgid ":issue:`33729`: Fixed issues with arguments parsing in :mod:`hashlib`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31264 +msgid "" +":issue:`34097`: ZipFile can zip files older than 1980-01-01 and newer than " +"2107-12-31 using a new ``strict_timestamps`` parameter at the cost of " +"setting the timestamp to the limit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31268 +msgid ":issue:`34108`: Remove extraneous CR in 2to3 refactor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31270 +msgid "" +":issue:`34070`: Make sure to only check if the handle is a tty, when opening" +" a file with ``buffering=-1``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31273 +msgid "" +":issue:`27494`: Reverted :issue:`27494`. 2to3 rejects now a trailing comma " +"in generator expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31276 +msgid "" +":issue:`33967`: functools.singledispatch now raises TypeError instead of " +"IndexError when no positional arguments are passed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31279 +msgid "" +":issue:`34041`: Add the parameter *deterministic* to the " +":meth:`sqlite3.Connection.create_function` method. Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31283 +msgid "" +":issue:`34056`: Ensure the loader shim created by ``imp.load_module`` always" +" returns bytes from its ``get_data()`` function. This fixes using " +"``imp.load_module`` with :pep:`552` hash-based pycs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31287 +msgid "" +":issue:`34054`: The multiprocessing module now uses the monotonic clock " +":func:`time.monotonic` instead of the system clock :func:`time.time` to " +"implement timeout." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31291 +msgid "" +":issue:`34043`: Optimize tarfile uncompress performance about 15% when gzip " +"is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31294 +msgid "" +":issue:`34044`: ``subprocess.Popen`` now copies the *startupinfo* argument " +"to leave it unchanged: it will modify the copy, so that the same " +"``STARTUPINFO`` object can be used multiple times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31298 +msgid "" +":issue:`34010`: Fixed a performance regression for reading streams with " +"tarfile. The buffered read should use a list, instead of appending to a " +"bytes object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31302 +msgid "" +":issue:`34019`: webbrowser: Correct the arguments passed to Opera Browser " +"when opening a new URL using the ``webbrowser`` module. Patch by Bumsik Kim." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31305 +msgid "" +":issue:`34003`: csv.DictReader now creates dicts instead of OrderedDicts. " +"Patch by Michael Selik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31308 +msgid "" +":issue:`33978`: Closed existing logging handlers before reconfiguration via " +"fileConfig and dictConfig. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31311 +msgid "" +":issue:`14117`: Make minor tweaks to turtledemo. The 'wikipedia' example is " +"now 'rosette', describing what it draws. The 'penrose' print output is " +"reduced. The'1024' output of 'tree' is eliminated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31315 +msgid "" +":issue:`33974`: Fixed passing lists and tuples of strings containing special" +" characters ``\"``, ``\\``, ``{``, ``}`` and ``\\n`` as options to " +":mod:`~tkinter.ttk` widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31319 +msgid ":issue:`27500`: Fix getaddrinfo to resolve IPv6 addresses correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31321 +msgid "" +":issue:`24567`: Improve random.choices() to handle subnormal input weights " +"that could occasionally trigger an IndexError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31324 +msgid "" +":issue:`33871`: Fixed integer overflow in :func:`os.readv`, " +":func:`os.writev`, :func:`os.preadv` and :func:`os.pwritev` and in " +":func:`os.sendfile` with *headers* or *trailers* arguments (on BSD-based " +"OSes and macOS)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31328 +msgid "" +":issue:`25007`: Add :func:`copy.copy` and :func:`copy.deepcopy` support to " +"zlib compressors and decompressors. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31331 +msgid "" +":issue:`33929`: multiprocessing: Fix a race condition in Popen of " +"multiprocessing.popen_spawn_win32. The child process now duplicates the read" +" end of pipe instead of \"stealing\" it. Previously, the read end of pipe " +"was \"stolen\" by the child process, but it leaked a handle if the child " +"process had been terminated before it could steal the handle from the parent" +" process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31338 +msgid "" +":issue:`33899`: Tokenize module now implicitly emits a NEWLINE when provided" +" with input that does not have a trailing new line. This behavior now " +"matches what the C tokenizer does internally. Contributed by Ammar Askar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31342 +msgid "" +":issue:`33897`: Added a 'force' keyword argument to logging.basicConfig()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31344 +msgid "" +":issue:`33695`: :func:`shutil.copytree` uses :func:`os.scandir` function and" +" all copy functions depending from it use cached :func:`os.stat` values. The" +" speedup for copying a directory with 8000 files is around +9% on Linux, " +"+20% on Windows and + 30% on a Windows SMB share. Also the number of " +":func:`os.stat` syscalls is reduced by 38% making :func:`shutil.copytree` " +"especially faster on network filesystems. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' " +"in :issue:`33695`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31352 +msgid "" +":issue:`33916`: bz2 and lzma: When Decompressor.__init__() is called twice, " +"free the old lock to not leak memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31355 +msgid "" +":issue:`32568`: Make select.epoll() and its documentation consistent " +"regarding *sizehint* and *flags*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31358 +msgid "" +":issue:`33833`: Fixed bug in asyncio where ProactorSocketTransport logs " +"AssertionError if force closed during write." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31361 +msgid "" +":issue:`33663`: Convert content length to string before putting to header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31363 +msgid "" +":issue:`33721`: :mod:`os.path` functions that return a boolean result like " +":func:`~os.path.exists`, :func:`~os.path.lexists`, :func:`~os.path.isdir`, " +":func:`~os.path.isfile`, :func:`~os.path.islink`, and " +":func:`~os.path.ismount`, and :mod:`pathlib.Path` methods that return a " +"boolean result like :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`, " +":meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`," +" :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`, :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket` now return " +"``False`` instead of raising :exc:`ValueError` or its subclasses " +":exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` and :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` for paths that " +"contain characters or bytes unrepresentable at the OS level." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31377 +msgid "" +":issue:`26544`: Fixed implementation of :func:`platform.libc_ver`. It almost" +" always returned version '2.9' for glibc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31380 +msgid "" +":issue:`33843`: Remove deprecated ``cgi.escape``, ``cgi.parse_qs`` and " +"``cgi.parse_qsl``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31383 +msgid "" +":issue:`33842`: Remove ``tarfile.filemode`` which is deprecated since Python" +" 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31386 ../NEWS:32985 ../NEWS:37581 +msgid "" +":issue:`30167`: Prevent site.main() exception if PYTHONSTARTUP is set. Patch" +" by Steve Weber." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31389 +msgid "" +":issue:`33805`: Improve error message of dataclasses.replace() when an " +"InitVar is not specified" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31392 +msgid "" +":issue:`33687`: Fix the call to ``os.chmod()`` for ``uu.decode()`` if a mode" +" is given or decoded. Patch by Timo Furrer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31395 ../NEWS:32988 ../NEWS:37584 +msgid "" +":issue:`33812`: Datetime instance d with non-None tzinfo, but with " +"d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d) returning None is now treated as naive by the " +"astimezone() method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31399 +msgid "" +":issue:`32108`: In configparser, don't clear section when it is assigned to " +"itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31402 +msgid "" +":issue:`27397`: Make email module properly handle invalid-length base64 " +"strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31405 +msgid ":issue:`33578`: Implement multibyte encoder/decoder state methods" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31407 ../NEWS:32992 ../NEWS:37588 +msgid ":issue:`30805`: Avoid race condition with debug logging" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31409 +msgid "" +":issue:`33476`: Fix _header_value_parser.py when address group is missing " +"final ';'. Contributed by Enrique Perez-Terron" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31412 ../NEWS:32994 +msgid "" +":issue:`33694`: asyncio: Fix a race condition causing data loss on " +"pause_reading()/resume_reading() when using the ProactorEventLoop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31415 ../NEWS:32997 +msgid "" +":issue:`32493`: Correct test for ``uuid_enc_be`` availability in " +"``configure.ac``. Patch by Michael Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31418 ../NEWS:33000 +msgid "" +":issue:`33792`: Add asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy and " +"asyncio.WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31421 +msgid "" +":issue:`33274`: W3C DOM Level 1 specifies return value of " +"Element.removeAttributeNode() as \"The Attr node that was removed.\" " +"xml.dom.minidom now complies with this requirement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31425 ../NEWS:33003 +msgid "" +":issue:`33778`: Update ``unicodedata``'s database to Unicode version 11.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31427 +msgid "" +":issue:`33165`: Added a stacklevel parameter to logging calls to allow use " +"of wrapper/helper functions for logging APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31430 ../NEWS:33005 +msgid "" +":issue:`33770`: improve base64 exception message for encoded inputs of " +"invalid length" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31433 ../NEWS:33008 +msgid "" +":issue:`33769`: asyncio/start_tls: Fix error message; cancel callbacks in " +"case of an unhandled error; mark SSLTransport as closed if it is aborted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31436 ../NEWS:33011 ../NEWS:37590 +msgid "" +":issue:`33767`: The concatenation (``+``) and repetition (``*``) sequence " +"operations now raise :exc:`TypeError` instead of :exc:`SystemError` when " +"performed on :class:`mmap.mmap` objects. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31440 ../NEWS:33015 +msgid "" +":issue:`33734`: asyncio/ssl: Fix AttributeError, increase default handshake " +"timeout" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31443 +msgid "" +":issue:`31014`: Fixed creating a controller for :mod:`webbrowser` when a " +"user specifies a path to an entry in the BROWSER environment variable. " +"Based on patch by John Still." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31447 +msgid ":issue:`2504`: Add gettext.pgettext() and variants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31449 +msgid ":issue:`33197`: Add description property for _ParameterKind" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31451 ../NEWS:33113 +msgid "" +":issue:`32751`: When cancelling the task due to a timeout, " +":meth:`asyncio.wait_for` will now wait until the cancellation is complete." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31454 ../NEWS:33116 ../NEWS:37594 +msgid "" +":issue:`32684`: Fix gather to propagate cancellation of itself even with " +"return_exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31457 ../NEWS:33119 +msgid "" +":issue:`33654`: Support protocol type switching in " +"SSLTransport.set_protocol()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31459 ../NEWS:33121 +msgid "" +":issue:`33674`: Pause the transport as early as possible to further reduce " +"the risk of data_received() being called before connection_made()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31462 +msgid "" +":issue:`33671`: :func:`shutil.copyfile`, :func:`shutil.copy`, " +":func:`shutil.copy2`, :func:`shutil.copytree` and :func:`shutil.move` use " +"platform-specific fast-copy syscalls on Linux and macOS in order to copy the" +" file more efficiently. On Windows :func:`shutil.copyfile` uses a bigger " +"default buffer size (1 MiB instead of 16 KiB) and a :func:`memoryview`-based" +" variant of :func:`shutil.copyfileobj` is used. The speedup for copying a " +"512MiB file is about +26% on Linux, +50% on macOS and +40% on Windows. Also," +" much less CPU cycles are consumed. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola' in " +":issue:`25427`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31472 ../NEWS:33124 ../NEWS:37597 +msgid "" +":issue:`33674`: Fix a race condition in SSLProtocol.connection_made() of " +"asyncio.sslproto: start immediately the handshake instead of using " +"call_soon(). Previously, data_received() could be called before the " +"handshake started, causing the handshake to hang or fail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31477 ../NEWS:33129 ../NEWS:37602 +msgid "" +":issue:`31647`: Fixed bug where calling write_eof() on a " +"_SelectorSocketTransport after it's already closed raises AttributeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31480 ../NEWS:33132 +msgid ":issue:`32610`: Make asyncio.all_tasks() return only pending tasks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31482 ../NEWS:33134 +msgid ":issue:`32410`: Avoid blocking on file IO in sendfile fallback code" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31484 ../NEWS:33136 ../NEWS:37607 +msgid "" +":issue:`33469`: Fix RuntimeError after closing loop that used " +"run_in_executor" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31486 ../NEWS:33138 ../NEWS:37605 +msgid ":issue:`33672`: Fix Task.__repr__ crash with Cython's bogus coroutines" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31488 ../NEWS:33140 +msgid "" +":issue:`33654`: Fix transport.set_protocol() to support switching between " +"asyncio.Protocol and asyncio.BufferedProtocol. Fix loop.start_tls() to work" +" with asyncio.BufferedProtocols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31492 ../NEWS:33144 +msgid "" +":issue:`33652`: Pickles of type variables and subscripted generics are now " +"future-proof and compatible with older Python versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31495 ../NEWS:33147 +msgid ":issue:`32493`: Fixed :func:`uuid.uuid1` on FreeBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31497 +msgid "" +":issue:`33238`: Add ``InvalidStateError`` to :mod:`concurrent.futures`. " +"``Future.set_result`` and ``Future.set_exception`` now raise " +"``InvalidStateError`` if the futures are not pending or running. Patch by " +"Jason Haydaman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31502 ../NEWS:33149 +msgid "" +":issue:`33618`: Finalize and document preliminary and experimental TLS 1.3 " +"support with OpenSSL 1.1.1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31505 +msgid "" +":issue:`33625`: Release GIL on ``grp.getgrnam``, ``grp.getgrgid``, " +"``pwd.getpwnam`` and ``pwd.getpwuid`` if reentrant variants of these " +"functions are available. Patch by William Grzybowski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31509 ../NEWS:33152 +msgid "" +":issue:`33623`: Fix possible SIGSGV when asyncio.Future is created in " +"__del__" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31511 ../NEWS:33018 ../NEWS:37609 +msgid "" +":issue:`11874`: Use a better regex when breaking usage into wrappable parts." +" Avoids bogus assertion errors from custom metavar strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31514 ../NEWS:33154 ../NEWS:37612 +msgid "" +":issue:`30877`: Fixed a bug in the Python implementation of the JSON decoder" +" that prevented the cache of parsed strings from clearing after finishing " +"the decoding. Based on patch by c-fos." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31518 +msgid "" +":issue:`33604`: Remove HMAC default to md5 marked for removal in 3.8 " +"(removal originally planned in 3.6, bump to 3.8 in PR 7062)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31521 ../NEWS:33021 +msgid ":issue:`33582`: Emit a deprecation warning for inspect.formatargspec" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31523 +msgid "" +":issue:`21145`: Add ``functools.cached_property`` decorator, for computed " +"properties cached for the life of the instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31526 ../NEWS:33158 +msgid "" +":issue:`33570`: Change TLS 1.3 cipher suite settings for compatibility with " +"OpenSSL 1.1.1-pre6 and newer. OpenSSL 1.1.1 will have TLS 1.3 ciphers " +"enabled by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31530 ../NEWS:33162 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: Do not simplify arguments to ``typing.Union``. Now " +"``Union[Manager, Employee]`` is not simplified to ``Employee`` at runtime. " +"Such simplification previously caused several bugs and limited possibilities" +" for introspection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31535 +msgid "" +":issue:`12486`: :func:`tokenize.generate_tokens` is now documented as a " +"public API to tokenize unicode strings. It was previously present but " +"undocumented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31539 ../NEWS:33167 +msgid "" +":issue:`33540`: Add a new ``block_on_close`` class attribute to " +"``ForkingMixIn`` and ``ThreadingMixIn`` classes of :mod:`socketserver`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31542 ../NEWS:33170 ../NEWS:37616 +msgid "" +":issue:`33548`: tempfile._candidate_tempdir_list should consider common TEMP" +" locations" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31545 ../NEWS:33173 +msgid "" +":issue:`33109`: argparse subparsers are once again not required by default, " +"reverting the change in behavior introduced by :issue:`26510` in 3.7.0a2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31548 +msgid "" +":issue:`33541`: Remove unused private method ``_strptime.LocaleTime.__pad`` " +"(a.k.a. ``_LocaleTime__pad``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31551 ../NEWS:33176 +msgid "" +":issue:`33536`: dataclasses.make_dataclass now checks for invalid field " +"names and duplicate fields. Also, added a check for invalid field " +"specifications." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31555 ../NEWS:33180 ../NEWS:37619 +msgid "" +":issue:`33542`: Prevent ``uuid.get_node`` from using a DUID instead of a MAC" +" on Windows. Patch by Zvi Effron" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31558 ../NEWS:33183 ../NEWS:37622 +msgid "" +":issue:`26819`: Fix race condition with ``ReadTransport.resume_reading`` in " +"Windows proactor event loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31561 ../NEWS:33186 +msgid "" +"Fix failure in ``typing.get_type_hints()`` when ClassVar was provided as a " +"string forward reference." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31564 +msgid "" +":issue:`33516`: :class:`unittest.mock.MagicMock` now supports the " +"``__round__`` magic method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31567 +msgid "" +":issue:`28612`: Added support for Site Maps to urllib's ``RobotFileParser`` " +"as :meth:`RobotFileParser.site_maps() " +"`. Patch by Lady Red, based on" +" patch by Peter Wirtz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31572 +msgid "" +":issue:`28167`: Remove platform.linux_distribution, which was deprecated " +"since 3.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31575 +msgid "" +":issue:`33504`: Switch the default dictionary implementation for " +":mod:`configparser` from :class:`collections.OrderedDict` to the standard " +":class:`dict` type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31579 ../NEWS:33189 +msgid "" +":issue:`33505`: Optimize asyncio.ensure_future() by reordering if checks: " +"1.17x faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31582 ../NEWS:33192 +msgid "" +":issue:`33497`: Add errors param to cgi.parse_multipart and make an encoding" +" in FieldStorage use the given errors (needed for Twisted). Patch by Amber " +"Brown." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31586 +msgid "" +":issue:`29235`: The :class:`cProfile.Profile` class can now be used as a " +"context manager. Patch by Scott Sanderson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31589 ../NEWS:33196 +msgid "" +":issue:`33495`: Change dataclasses.Fields repr to use the repr of each of " +"its members, instead of str. This makes it more clear what each field " +"actually represents. This is especially true for the 'type' member." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31593 +msgid "" +":issue:`26103`: Correct ``inspect.isdatadescriptor`` to look for ``__set__``" +" or ``__delete__``. Patch by Aaron Hall." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31596 +msgid "" +":issue:`29209`: Removed the ``doctype()`` method and the *html* parameter of" +" the constructor of :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser`. The " +"``doctype()`` method defined in a subclass will no longer be called. " +"Deprecated methods ``getchildren()`` and ``getiterator()`` in the " +":mod:`~xml.etree.ElementTree` module emit now a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` " +"instead of :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31603 ../NEWS:33200 +msgid "" +":issue:`33453`: Fix dataclasses to work if using literal string type " +"annotations or if using PEP 563 \"Postponed Evaluation of Annotations\". " +"Only specific string prefixes are detected for both ClassVar (\"ClassVar\" " +"and \"typing.ClassVar\") and InitVar (\"InitVar\" and " +"\"dataclasses.InitVar\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31608 ../NEWS:33205 ../NEWS:37625 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: Minor fixes in typing module: add annotations to " +"``NamedTuple.__new__``, pass ``*args`` and ``**kwds`` in " +"``Generic.__new__``. Original PRs by Paulius Šarka and Chad Dombrova." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31612 +msgid "" +":issue:`33365`: Print the header values besides the header keys instead just" +" the header keys if *debuglevel* is set to >0 in :mod:`http.client`. Patch " +"by Marco Strigl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31616 ../NEWS:33209 ../NEWS:37629 +msgid "" +":issue:`20087`: Updated alias mapping with glibc 2.27 supported locales." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31618 ../NEWS:33211 ../NEWS:37631 +msgid "" +":issue:`33422`: Fix trailing quotation marks getting deleted when looking up" +" byte/string literals on pydoc. Patch by Andrés Delfino." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31621 ../NEWS:33214 +msgid "" +":issue:`28167`: The function ``platform.linux_distribution`` and " +"``platform.dist`` now trigger a ``DeprecationWarning`` and have been marked " +"for removal in Python 3.8" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31625 ../NEWS:33321 +msgid ":issue:`33281`: Fix ctypes.util.find_library regression on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31627 +msgid "" +":issue:`33311`: Text and html output generated by cgitb does not display " +"parentheses if the current call is done directly in the module. Patch by " +"Stéphane Blondon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31631 +msgid "" +":issue:`27300`: The file classes in *tempfile* now accept an *errors* " +"parameter that complements the already existing *encoding*. Patch by " +"Stephan Hohe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31634 +msgid "" +":issue:`32933`: :func:`unittest.mock.mock_open` now supports iteration over " +"the file contents. Patch by Tony Flury." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31637 +msgid "" +":issue:`33217`: Raise :exc:`TypeError` when looking up non-Enum objects in " +"Enum classes and Enum members." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31640 ../NEWS:33218 ../NEWS:37634 +msgid "" +":issue:`33197`: Update error message when constructing invalid " +"inspect.Parameters Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31643 ../NEWS:33323 ../NEWS:37637 +msgid "" +":issue:`33383`: Fixed crash in the get() method of the :mod:`dbm.ndbm` " +"database object when it is called with a single argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31646 +msgid "" +":issue:`33375`: The warnings module now finds the Python file associated " +"with a warning from the code object, rather than the frame's global " +"namespace. This is consistent with how tracebacks and pdb find filenames, " +"and should work better for dynamically executed code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31651 +msgid "" +":issue:`33336`: ``imaplib`` now allows ``MOVE`` command in ``IMAP4.uid()`` " +"(RFC 6851: IMAP MOVE Extension) and potentially as a name of supported " +"method of ``IMAP4`` object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31655 +msgid ":issue:`32455`: Added *jump* parameter to :func:`dis.stack_effect`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31657 +msgid "" +":issue:`27485`: Rename and deprecate undocumented functions in " +":func:`urllib.parse`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31660 +msgid "" +":issue:`33332`: Add ``signal.valid_signals()`` to expose the POSIX " +"sigfillset() functionality." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31663 +msgid "" +":issue:`33251`: ``ConfigParser.items()`` was fixed so that key-value pairs " +"passed in via :func:`vars` are not included in the resulting output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31666 ../NEWS:33326 ../NEWS:37640 +msgid ":issue:`33329`: Fix multiprocessing regression on newer glibcs" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31668 +msgid "" +":issue:`33334`: :func:`dis.stack_effect` now supports all defined opcodes " +"including NOP and EXTENDED_ARG." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31671 ../NEWS:33328 ../NEWS:37642 +msgid "" +":issue:`991266`: Fix quoting of the ``Comment`` attribute of " +":class:`http.cookies.SimpleCookie`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31674 ../NEWS:33331 ../NEWS:37645 +msgid ":issue:`33131`: Upgrade bundled version of pip to 10.0.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31676 ../NEWS:33333 ../NEWS:37647 +msgid "" +":issue:`33308`: Fixed a crash in the :mod:`parser` module when converting an" +" ST object to a tree of tuples or lists with ``line_info=False`` and " +"``col_info=True``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31680 +msgid "" +":issue:`23403`: lib2to3 now uses pickle protocol 4 for pre-computed " +"grammars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31682 ../NEWS:33337 +msgid ":issue:`33266`: lib2to3 now recognizes ``rf'...'`` strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31684 ../NEWS:33339 +msgid ":issue:`11594`: Ensure line-endings are respected when using lib2to3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31686 ../NEWS:33341 +msgid "" +":issue:`33254`: Have :func:`importlib.resources.contents` and " +":meth:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader.contents` return an :term:`iterable` " +"instead of an :term:`iterator`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31690 +msgid "" +":issue:`33265`: ``contextlib.ExitStack`` and ``contextlib.AsyncExitStack`` " +"now use a method instead of a wrapper function for exit callbacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31693 ../NEWS:33221 ../NEWS:37651 +msgid "" +":issue:`33263`: Fix FD leak in ``_SelectorSocketTransport`` Patch by Vlad " +"Starostin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31696 ../NEWS:33345 ../NEWS:37654 +msgid "" +":issue:`33256`: Fix display of ```` call in the html produced by " +"``cgitb.html()``. Patch by Stéphane Blondon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31699 +msgid "" +":issue:`33144`: ``random.Random()`` and its subclassing mechanism got " +"optimized to check only once at class/subclass instantiation time whether " +"its ``getrandbits()`` method can be relied on by other methods, including " +"``randrange()``, for the generation of arbitrarily large random integers. " +"Patch by Wolfgang Maier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31705 +msgid "" +":issue:`33185`: Fixed regression when running pydoc with the :option:`-m` " +"switch. (The regression was introduced in 3.7.0b3 by the resolution of " +":issue:`33053`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31709 +msgid "" +"This fix also changed pydoc to add ``os.getcwd()`` to :data:`sys.path` when " +"necessary, rather than adding ``\".\"``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31712 +msgid "" +":issue:`29613`: Added support for the ``SameSite`` cookie flag to the " +"``http.cookies`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31715 ../NEWS:33353 +msgid "" +":issue:`33169`: Delete entries of ``None`` in " +":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` when " +":meth:`importlib.machinery.invalidate_caches` is called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31718 ../NEWS:33359 ../NEWS:37657 +msgid "" +":issue:`33203`: ``random.Random.choice()`` now raises ``IndexError`` for " +"empty sequences consistently even when called from subclasses without a " +"``getrandbits()`` implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31722 ../NEWS:33363 ../NEWS:37661 +msgid "" +":issue:`33224`: Update difflib.mdiff() for :pep:`479`. Convert an uncaught " +"StopIteration in a generator into a return-statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31725 ../NEWS:33366 ../NEWS:37664 +msgid "" +":issue:`33209`: End framing at the end of C implementation of " +":func:`pickle.Pickler.dump`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31728 +msgid "" +":issue:`32861`: The urllib.robotparser's ``__str__`` representation now " +"includes wildcard entries and the \"Crawl-delay\" and \"Request-rate\" " +"fields. Also removes extra newlines that were being appended to the end of " +"the string. Patch by Michael Lazar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31733 +msgid "" +":issue:`23403`: ``DEFAULT_PROTOCOL`` in :mod:`pickle` was bumped to 4. " +"Protocol 4 is described in :pep:`3154` and available since Python 3.4. It " +"offers better performance and smaller size compared to protocol 3 introduced" +" in Python 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31738 ../NEWS:33369 +msgid "" +":issue:`20104`: Improved error handling and fixed a reference leak in " +":func:`os.posix_spawn`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31741 +msgid "" +":issue:`33106`: Deleting a key from a read-only dbm database raises module " +"specific error instead of KeyError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31744 ../NEWS:33372 +msgid "" +":issue:`33175`: In dataclasses, Field.__set_name__ now looks up the " +"__set_name__ special method on the class, not the instance, of the default " +"value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31748 +msgid "" +":issue:`32380`: Create functools.singledispatchmethod to support generic " +"single dispatch on descriptors and methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31751 ../NEWS:33512 +msgid "" +":issue:`33141`: Have Field objects pass through __set_name__ to their " +"default values, if they have their own __set_name__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31754 ../NEWS:33515 ../NEWS:37671 +msgid "" +":issue:`33096`: Allow ttk.Treeview.insert to insert iid that has a false " +"boolean value. Note iid=0 and iid=False would be same. Patch by Garvit " +"Khatri." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31758 ../NEWS:33519 +msgid "" +":issue:`32873`: Treat type variables and special typing forms as immutable " +"by copy and pickle. This fixes several minor issues and inconsistencies, " +"and improves backwards compatibility with Python 3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31762 ../NEWS:33523 +msgid "" +":issue:`33134`: When computing dataclass's __hash__, use the lookup table to" +" contain the function which returns the __hash__ value. This is an " +"improvement over looking up a string, and then testing that string to see " +"what to do." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31767 ../NEWS:33528 ../NEWS:37675 +msgid ":issue:`33127`: The ssl module now compiles with LibreSSL 2.7.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31769 ../NEWS:33530 +msgid "" +":issue:`32505`: Raise TypeError if a member variable of a dataclass is of " +"type Field, but doesn't have a type annotation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31772 ../NEWS:33533 +msgid "" +":issue:`33078`: Fix the failure on OSX caused by the tests relying on " +"sem_getvalue" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31775 ../NEWS:33536 +msgid ":issue:`33116`: Add 'Field' to dataclasses.__all__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31777 ../NEWS:33538 +msgid "" +":issue:`32896`: Fix an error where subclassing a dataclass with a field that" +" uses a default_factory would generate an incorrect class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31780 ../NEWS:33541 +msgid "" +":issue:`33100`: Dataclasses: If a field has a default value that's a " +"MemberDescriptorType, then it's from that field being in __slots__, not an " +"actual default value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31784 ../NEWS:33545 +msgid "" +":issue:`32953`: If a non-dataclass inherits from a frozen dataclass, allow " +"attributes to be added to the derived class. Only attributes from the " +"frozen dataclass cannot be assigned to. Require all dataclasses in a " +"hierarchy to be either all frozen or all non-frozen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31789 ../NEWS:33376 +msgid "" +":issue:`33097`: Raise RuntimeError when ``executor.submit`` is called during" +" interpreter shutdown." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31792 +msgid "" +":issue:`32968`: Modulo and floor division involving Fraction and float " +"should return float." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31795 ../NEWS:33550 +msgid ":issue:`33061`: Add missing ``NoReturn`` to ``__all__`` in typing.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31797 ../NEWS:33552 +msgid "" +":issue:`33078`: Fix the size handling in multiprocessing.Queue when a " +"pickling error occurs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31800 ../NEWS:33555 ../NEWS:37927 +msgid "" +":issue:`33064`: lib2to3 now properly supports trailing commas after " +"``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` in function signatures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31803 ../NEWS:33558 +msgid "" +":issue:`33056`: FIX properly close leaking fds in " +"concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31806 ../NEWS:33561 ../NEWS:37677 +msgid "" +":issue:`33021`: Release the GIL during fstat() calls, avoiding hang of all " +"threads when calling mmap.mmap(), os.urandom(), and random.seed(). Patch by" +" Nir Soffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31810 ../NEWS:33565 ../NEWS:37930 +msgid "" +":issue:`31804`: Avoid failing in multiprocessing.Process if the standard " +"streams are closed or None at exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31813 +msgid "" +":issue:`33034`: Providing an explicit error message when casting the port " +"property to anything that is not an integer value using ``urlparse()`` and " +"``urlsplit()``. Patch by Matt Eaton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31817 +msgid "" +":issue:`30249`: Improve struct.unpack_from() exception messages for problems" +" with the buffer size and offset." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31820 ../NEWS:33568 ../NEWS:37933 +msgid "" +":issue:`33037`: Skip sending/receiving data after SSL transport closing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31822 ../NEWS:33570 ../NEWS:37681 +msgid "" +":issue:`27683`: Fix a regression in :mod:`ipaddress` that result of " +":meth:`hosts` is empty when the network is constructed by a tuple containing" +" an integer mask and only 1 bit left for addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31826 +msgid "" +":issue:`22674`: Add the strsignal() function in the signal module that " +"returns the system description of the given signal, as returned by " +"strsignal(3)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31829 ../NEWS:33574 +msgid "" +":issue:`32999`: Fix C implementation of ``ABC.__subclasscheck__(cls, " +"subclass)`` crashed when ``subclass`` is not a type object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31832 ../NEWS:33577 ../NEWS:37937 +msgid "" +":issue:`33009`: Fix inspect.signature() for single-parameter partialmethods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31834 ../NEWS:33579 ../NEWS:37939 +msgid "" +":issue:`32969`: Expose several missing constants in zlib and fix " +"corresponding documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31837 ../NEWS:33582 +msgid "" +":issue:`32056`: Improved exceptions raised for invalid number of channels " +"and sample width when read an audio file in modules :mod:`!aifc`, " +":mod:`wave` and :mod:`!sunau`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31841 +msgid ":issue:`32970`: Improved disassembly of the MAKE_FUNCTION instruction." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31843 ../NEWS:33586 ../NEWS:37685 +msgid "" +":issue:`32844`: Fix wrong redirection of a low descriptor (0 or 1) to stderr" +" in subprocess if another low descriptor is closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31846 ../NEWS:33717 +msgid "" +":issue:`32960`: For dataclasses, disallow inheriting frozen from non-frozen " +"classes, and also disallow inheriting non-frozen from frozen classes. This " +"restriction will be relaxed at a future date." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31850 ../NEWS:33721 ../NEWS:37942 +msgid "" +":issue:`32713`: Fixed tarfile.itn handling of out-of-bounds float values. " +"Patch by Joffrey Fuhrer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31853 ../NEWS:33228 +msgid "" +":issue:`32257`: The ssl module now contains OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION constant, " +"available with OpenSSL 1.1.0h or 1.1.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31856 ../NEWS:33724 +msgid "" +":issue:`32951`: Direct instantiation of SSLSocket and SSLObject objects is " +"now prohibited. The constructors were never documented, tested, or designed " +"as public constructors. Users were suppose to use ssl.wrap_socket() or " +"SSLContext." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31861 ../NEWS:33729 +msgid "" +":issue:`32929`: Remove the tri-state parameter \"hash\", and add the boolean" +" \"unsafe_hash\". If unsafe_hash is True, add a __hash__ function, but if a " +"__hash__ exists, raise TypeError. If unsafe_hash is False, add a __hash__ " +"based on the values of eq= and frozen=. The unsafe_hash=False behavior is " +"the same as the old hash=None behavior. unsafe_hash=False is the default, " +"just as hash=None used to be." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31868 ../NEWS:33736 +msgid "" +":issue:`32947`: Add OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT and test workaround for " +"TLSv1.3 for future compatibility with OpenSSL 1.1.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31871 +msgid "" +":issue:`32146`: Document the interaction between frozen executables and the " +"spawn and forkserver start methods in multiprocessing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31874 ../NEWS:33739 ../NEWS:37945 +msgid "" +":issue:`30622`: The ssl module now detects missing NPN support in LibreSSL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31876 ../NEWS:33741 ../NEWS:37947 +msgid "" +":issue:`32922`: dbm.open() now encodes filename with the filesystem encoding" +" rather than default encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31879 +msgid ":issue:`32759`: Free unused arenas in multiprocessing.heap." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31881 ../NEWS:33744 ../NEWS:37950 +msgid "" +":issue:`32859`: In ``os.dup2``, don't check every call whether the ``dup3`` " +"syscall exists or not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31884 ../NEWS:33747 +msgid "" +":issue:`32556`: nt._getfinalpathname, nt._getvolumepathname and " +"nt._getdiskusage now correctly convert from bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31887 ../NEWS:33753 ../NEWS:37953 +msgid "" +":issue:`21060`: Rewrite confusing message from setup.py upload from \"No " +"dist file created in earlier command\" to the more helpful \"Must create and" +" upload files in one command\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31891 ../NEWS:33589 ../NEWS:37957 +msgid "" +":issue:`32857`: In :mod:`tkinter`, ``after_cancel(None)`` now raises a " +":exc:`ValueError` instead of canceling the first scheduled function. Patch " +"by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31895 ../NEWS:33757 ../NEWS:37961 +msgid "" +":issue:`32852`: Make sure sys.argv remains as a list when running trace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31897 +msgid "" +":issue:`31333`: ``_abc`` module is added. It is a speedup module with C " +"implementations for various functions and methods in ``abc``. Creating an " +"ABC subclass and calling ``isinstance`` or ``issubclass`` with an ABC " +"subclass are up to 1.5x faster. In addition, this makes Python start-up up " +"to 10% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31903 +msgid "" +"Note that the new implementation hides internal registry and caches, " +"previously accessible via private attributes ``_abc_registry``, " +"``_abc_cache``, and ``_abc_negative_cache``. There are three debugging " +"helper methods that can be used instead ``_dump_registry``, " +"``_abc_registry_clear``, and ``_abc_caches_clear``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31909 ../NEWS:33769 ../NEWS:37963 +msgid "" +":issue:`32841`: Fixed ``asyncio.Condition`` issue which silently ignored " +"cancellation after notifying and cancelling a conditional lock. Patch by Bar" +" Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31913 ../NEWS:33773 +msgid "" +":issue:`32819`: ssl.match_hostname() has been simplified and no longer " +"depends on re and ipaddress module for wildcard and IP addresses. Error " +"reporting for invalid wildcards has been improved." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31917 +msgid "" +":issue:`19675`: ``multiprocessing.Pool`` no longer leaks processes if its " +"initialization fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31920 ../NEWS:33777 +msgid "" +":issue:`32394`: socket: Remove " +"TCP_FASTOPEN,TCP_KEEPCNT,TCP_KEEPIDLE,TCP_KEEPINTVL flags on older version " +"Windows during run-time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31924 ../NEWS:33781 ../NEWS:37967 +msgid "" +":issue:`31787`: Fixed refleaks of ``__init__()`` methods in various modules." +" (Contributed by Oren Milman)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31927 ../NEWS:33784 ../NEWS:37970 +msgid "" +":issue:`30157`: Fixed guessing quote and delimiter in csv.Sniffer.sniff() " +"when only the last field is quoted. Patch by Jake Davis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31930 +msgid "" +":issue:`30688`: Added support of ``\\N{name}`` escapes in regular " +"expressions. Based on patch by Jonathan Eunice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31933 ../NEWS:33787 +msgid "" +":issue:`32792`: collections.ChainMap() preserves the order of the underlying" +" mappings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31936 ../NEWS:33790 +msgid "" +":issue:`32775`: :func:`fnmatch.translate` no longer produces patterns which " +"contain set operations. Sets starting with '[' or containing '--', '&&', " +"'~~' or '||' will be interpreted differently in regular expressions in " +"future versions. Currently they emit warnings. fnmatch.translate() now " +"avoids producing patterns containing such sets by accident." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31942 ../NEWS:33796 +msgid "" +":issue:`32622`: Implement native fast sendfile for Windows proactor event " +"loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31944 ../NEWS:33798 ../NEWS:37976 +msgid "" +":issue:`32777`: Fix a rare but potential pre-exec child process deadlock in " +"subprocess on POSIX systems when marking file descriptors inheritable on " +"exec in the child process. This bug appears to have been introduced in 3.4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31949 ../NEWS:33803 ../NEWS:37981 +msgid "" +":issue:`32647`: The ctypes module used to depend on indirect linking for " +"dlopen. The shared extension is now explicitly linked against libdl on " +"platforms with dl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31953 +msgid "" +":issue:`32749`: A :mod:`dbm.dumb` database opened with flags 'r' is now " +"read-only. :func:`dbm.dumb.open` with flags 'r' and 'w' no longer creates a " +"database if it does not exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31957 ../NEWS:33807 +msgid ":issue:`32741`: Implement ``asyncio.TimerHandle.when()`` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31959 ../NEWS:33809 +msgid ":issue:`32691`: Use mod_spec.parent when running modules with pdb" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31961 ../NEWS:33811 ../NEWS:37985 +msgid "" +":issue:`32734`: Fixed ``asyncio.Lock()`` safety issue which allowed " +"acquiring and locking the same lock multiple times, without it being free. " +"Patch by Bar Harel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31965 ../NEWS:33815 ../NEWS:37989 +msgid "" +":issue:`32727`: Do not include name field in SMTP envelope from address. " +"Patch by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31968 ../NEWS:33818 +msgid "" +":issue:`31453`: Add TLSVersion constants and SSLContext.maximum_version / " +"minimum_version attributes. The new API wraps OpenSSL 1.1 " +"https://web.archive.org/web/20180309043602/https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.0/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version.html" +" feature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31973 ../NEWS:33823 +msgid "" +":issue:`24334`: Internal implementation details of ssl module were cleaned " +"up. The SSLSocket has one less layer of indirection. Owner and session " +"information are now handled by the SSLSocket and SSLObject constructor. " +"Channel binding implementation has been simplified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31978 ../NEWS:33828 ../NEWS:38002 +msgid "" +":issue:`31848`: Fix the error handling in Aifc_read.initfp() when the SSND " +"chunk is not found. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31981 ../NEWS:33831 +msgid "" +":issue:`32585`: Add Ttk spinbox widget to :mod:`tkinter.ttk`. Patch by Alan" +" D Moore." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31984 +msgid "" +":issue:`32512`: :mod:`profile` CLI accepts ``-m module_name`` as an " +"alternative to script path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31987 +msgid "" +":issue:`8525`: help() on a type now displays builtin subclasses. This is " +"intended primarily to help with notification of more specific exception " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31991 +msgid "Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31993 +msgid "" +":issue:`31639`: http.server now exposes a ThreadingHTTPServer class and uses" +" it when the module is run with ``-m`` to cope with web browsers pre-opening" +" sockets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:31997 +msgid "" +":issue:`29877`: compileall: import ProcessPoolExecutor only when needed, " +"preventing hangs on low resource platforms" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32000 ../NEWS:33834 +msgid "" +":issue:`32221`: Various functions returning tuple containing IPv6 addresses " +"now omit ``%scope`` part since the same information is already encoded in " +"*scopeid* tuple item. Especially this speeds up :func:`socket.recvfrom` when" +" it receives multicast packet since useless resolving of network interface " +"name is omitted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32006 +msgid "" +":issue:`32147`: :func:`binascii.unhexlify` is now up to 2 times faster. " +"Patch by Sergey Fedoseev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32009 ../NEWS:33840 +msgid "" +":issue:`30693`: The TarFile class now recurses directories in a reproducible" +" way." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32012 ../NEWS:33843 +msgid "" +":issue:`30693`: The ZipFile class now recurses directories in a reproducible" +" way." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32015 +msgid ":issue:`31680`: Added :data:`curses.ncurses_version`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32017 ../NEWS:33379 ../NEWS:37688 +msgid "" +":issue:`31908`: Fix output of cover files for ``trace`` module command-line " +"tool. Previously emitted cover files only when ``--missing`` option was " +"used. Patch by Michael Selik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32021 +msgid "" +":issue:`31608`: Raise a ``TypeError`` instead of crashing if a " +"``collections.deque`` subclass returns a non-deque from ``__new__``. Patch " +"by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32025 +msgid "" +":issue:`31425`: Add support for sockets of the AF_QIPCRTR address family, " +"supported by the Linux kernel. This is used to communicate with services, " +"such as GPS or radio, running on Qualcomm devices. Patch by Bjorn Andersson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32030 +msgid "" +":issue:`22005`: Implemented unpickling instances of " +":class:`~datetime.datetime`, :class:`~datetime.date` and " +":class:`~datetime.time` pickled by Python 2. ``encoding='latin1'`` should be" +" used for successful decoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32035 ../NEWS:33597 +msgid "" +":issue:`27645`: :class:`sqlite3.Connection` now exposes a " +":class:`~sqlite3.Connection.backup` method, if the underlying SQLite library" +" is at version 3.6.11 or higher. Patch by Lele Gaifax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32039 ../NEWS:33231 ../NEWS:37695 +msgid "" +":issue:`16865`: Support arrays >=2GiB in :mod:`ctypes`. Patch by Segev " +"Finer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32041 +msgid "" +":issue:`31508`: Removed support of arguments in " +"``tkinter.ttk.Treeview.selection``. It was deprecated in 3.6. Use " +"specialized methods like ``selection_set`` for changing the selection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32045 +msgid "" +":issue:`29456`: Fix bugs in hangul normalization: u1176, u11a7 and u11c3" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32050 +msgid ":issue:`21257`: Document :func:`http.client.parse_headers`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32052 +msgid ":issue:`34764`: Improve example of iter() with 2nd sentinel argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32054 +msgid "" +":issue:`35564`: Explicitly set master_doc variable in conf.py for compliance" +" with Sphinx 2.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32057 +msgid "" +":issue:`35511`: Specified that profile.Profile class doesn't not support " +"enable or disable methods. Also, elaborated that Profile object as a context" +" manager is only supported in cProfile module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32061 +msgid ":issue:`10536`: Enhance the gettext docs. Patch by Éric Araujo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32063 +msgid "" +":issue:`35089`: Remove mention of ``typing.io`` and ``typing.re``. Their " +"types should be imported from ``typing`` directly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32066 +msgid "" +":issue:`35038`: Fix the documentation about an unexisting ``f_restricted`` " +"attribute in the frame object. Patch by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32069 +msgid "" +":issue:`35042`: Replace PEP XYZ by the pep role and allow to use the direct " +"links to the PEPs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32072 +msgid "" +":issue:`35044`: Fix the documentation with the role ``exc`` for the " +"appropriated exception. Patch by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32075 +msgid "" +":issue:`35035`: Rename documentation for :mod:`email.utils` to " +"``email.utils.rst``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32078 +msgid "" +":issue:`34967`: Use app.add_object_type() instead of the deprecated Sphinx " +"function app.description_unit()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32081 +msgid "" +":issue:`34913`: Add documentation about the new command line interface of " +"the gzip module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32084 +msgid "" +":issue:`32174`: chm document displays non-ASCII characters properly on some " +"MBCS Windows systems." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32087 +msgid "" +":issue:`11233`: Create availability directive for documentation. Original " +"patch by Georg Brandl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32090 +msgid "" +":issue:`34790`: Document how passing coroutines to asyncio.wait() can be " +"confusing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32093 +msgid "" +":issue:`34552`: Make clear that ``==`` operator sometimes is equivalent to " +"``is``. The ``<``, ``<=``, ``>`` and ``>=`` operators are only defined where" +" they make sense." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32097 +msgid "" +":issue:`28617`: Fixed info in the stdtypes docs concerning the types that " +"support membership tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32100 +msgid "" +":issue:`20177`: Migrate datetime.date.fromtimestamp to Argument Clinic. " +"Patch by Tim Hoffmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32103 +msgid "" +":issue:`34065`: Fix wrongly written basicConfig documentation markup syntax" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32105 +msgid "" +":issue:`33460`: replaced ellipsis with correct error codes in tutorial " +"chapter 3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32108 +msgid ":issue:`33847`: Add '@' operator entry to index." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32110 ../NEWS:33026 +msgid "" +":issue:`33409`: Clarified the relationship between :pep:`538`'s " +"PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE and PEP 540's PYTHONUTF8 mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32113 +msgid "" +":issue:`33197`: Add versionadded tag to the documentation of " +"ParameterKind.description" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32116 +msgid "" +":issue:`17045`: Improve the C-API doc for PyTypeObject. This includes " +"adding several quick-reference tables and a lot of missing slot/typedef " +"entries. The existing entries were also cleaned up with a slightly more " +"consistent format." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32121 ../NEWS:33029 +msgid "" +":issue:`33736`: Improve the documentation of " +":func:`asyncio.open_connection`, :func:`asyncio.start_server` and their UNIX" +" socket counterparts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32124 ../NEWS:33236 +msgid "" +":issue:`23859`: Document that ``asyncio.wait()`` does not cancel its futures" +" on timeout." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32127 ../NEWS:33239 +msgid ":issue:`32436`: Document :pep:`567` changes to asyncio." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32129 ../NEWS:33241 +msgid "" +":issue:`33604`: Update HMAC md5 default to a DeprecationWarning, bump " +"removal to 3.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32132 +msgid "" +":issue:`33594`: Document ``getargspec``, ``from_function`` and " +"``from_builtin`` as deprecated in their respective docstring, and include " +"version since deprecation in DeprecationWarning message." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32136 ../NEWS:33244 ../NEWS:37704 +msgid ":issue:`33503`: Fix broken pypi link" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32138 ../NEWS:33246 ../NEWS:37706 +msgid "" +":issue:`33421`: Add missing documentation for " +"``typing.AsyncContextManager``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32140 +msgid "" +":issue:`33487`: BZ2file now emit a DeprecationWarning when buffering=None is" +" passed, the deprecation message and documentation also now explicitly state" +" it is deprecated since 3.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32144 ../NEWS:33386 ../NEWS:37708 +msgid "" +":issue:`33378`: Add Korean language switcher for https://docs.python.org/3/" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32146 ../NEWS:33388 ../NEWS:37710 +msgid "" +":issue:`33276`: Clarify that the ``__path__`` attribute on modules cannot be" +" just any value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32149 ../NEWS:33391 ../NEWS:37713 +msgid ":issue:`33201`: Modernize documentation for writing C extension types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32151 ../NEWS:33393 ../NEWS:37715 +msgid "" +":issue:`33195`: Deprecate ``Py_UNICODE`` usage in ``c-api/arg`` document. " +"``Py_UNICODE`` related APIs are deprecated since Python 3.3, but it is " +"missed in the document." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32155 ../NEWS:33604 ../NEWS:37719 +msgid ":issue:`33126`: Document PyBuffer_ToContiguous()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32157 ../NEWS:33606 ../NEWS:37721 +msgid "" +":issue:`27212`: Modify documentation for the :func:`islice` recipe to " +"consume initial values up to the start index." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32160 ../NEWS:33609 ../NEWS:37724 +msgid "" +":issue:`28247`: Update :mod:`zipapp` documentation to describe how to make " +"standalone applications." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32163 ../NEWS:33612 ../NEWS:37727 +msgid "" +":issue:`18802`: Documentation changes for ipaddress. Patch by Jon Foster " +"and Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32166 ../NEWS:33615 ../NEWS:37730 +msgid "" +":issue:`27428`: Update documentation to clarify that " +"``WindowsRegistryFinder`` implements ``MetaPathFinder``. (Patch by Himanshu " +"Lakhara)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32169 ../NEWS:33849 +msgid "" +":issue:`28124`: The ssl module function ssl.wrap_socket() has been de-" +"emphasized and deprecated in favor of the more secure and efficient " +"SSLContext.wrap_socket() method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32173 ../NEWS:33853 ../NEWS:38060 +msgid ":issue:`17232`: Clarify docs for -O and -OO. Patch by Terry Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32175 ../NEWS:33855 +msgid "" +":issue:`32436`: Add documentation for the contextvars module (PEP 567)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32177 ../NEWS:33857 ../NEWS:38062 +msgid ":issue:`32800`: Update link to w3c doc for xml default namespaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32179 ../NEWS:33859 +msgid ":issue:`11015`: Update :mod:`test.support` documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32181 +msgid "" +":issue:`32613`: Update the faq/windows.html to use the py command from PEP " +"397 instead of python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32184 ../NEWS:33861 ../NEWS:38064 +msgid "" +":issue:`8722`: Document :meth:`__getattr__` behavior when property " +":meth:`get` method raises :exc:`AttributeError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32187 ../NEWS:33864 ../NEWS:38067 +msgid "" +":issue:`32614`: Modify RE examples in documentation to use raw strings to " +"prevent :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and add text to REGEX HOWTO to highlight " +"the deprecation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32191 +msgid "" +":issue:`20709`: Remove the paragraph where we explain that os.utime() does " +"not support a directory as path under Windows. Patch by Jan-Philip Gehrcke" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32194 +msgid "" +":issue:`32722`: Remove the bad example in the tutorial of the Generator " +"Expression. Patch by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32197 ../NEWS:33868 ../NEWS:38071 +msgid "" +":issue:`31972`: Improve docstrings for ``pathlib.PurePath`` subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32199 +msgid "" +":issue:`30607`: Use the externalized ``python-docs-theme`` package when " +"building the documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32202 ../NEWS:33397 ../NEWS:37733 +msgid "" +":issue:`8243`: Add a note about curses.addch and curses.addstr exception " +"behavior when writing outside a window, or pad." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32205 ../NEWS:33400 +msgid ":issue:`32337`: Update documentation related with ``dict`` order." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32207 +msgid ":issue:`25041`: Document ``AF_PACKET`` in the :mod:`socket` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32209 ../NEWS:33032 ../NEWS:37736 +msgid "" +":issue:`31432`: Clarify meaning of CERT_NONE, CERT_OPTIONAL, and " +"CERT_REQUIRED flags for ssl.SSLContext.verify_mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32215 +msgid "" +":issue:`35772`: Fix sparse file tests of test_tarfile on ppc64 with the " +"tmpfs filesystem. Fix the function testing if the filesystem supports sparse" +" files: create a file which contains data and \"holes\", instead of creating" +" a file which contains no data. tmpfs effective block size is a page size " +"(tmpfs lives in the page cache). RHEL uses 64 KiB pages on aarch64, ppc64, " +"ppc64le, only s390x and x86_64 use 4 KiB pages, whereas the test punch holes" +" of 4 KiB." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32223 +msgid "" +":issue:`35045`: Make ssl tests less strict and also accept TLSv1 as system " +"default. The changes unbreaks test_min_max_version on Fedora 29." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32226 +msgid "" +":issue:`32710`: ``test_asyncio/test_sendfile.py`` now resets the event loop " +"policy using :func:`tearDownModule` as done in other tests, to prevent a " +"warning when running tests on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32230 +msgid "" +":issue:`33717`: test.pythoninfo now logs information of all clocks, not only" +" time.time() and time.perf_counter()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32233 +msgid "" +":issue:`35488`: Add a test to pathlib's Path.match() to verify it does not " +"support glob-style ** recursive pattern matching." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32236 +msgid "" +":issue:`31731`: Fix a race condition in ``check_interrupted_write()`` of " +"test_io: create directly the thread with SIGALRM signal blocked, rather than" +" blocking the signal later from the thread. Previously, it was possible that" +" the thread gets the signal before the signal is blocked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32241 +msgid "" +":issue:`35424`: Fix test_multiprocessing_main_handling: use " +":class:`multiprocessing.Pool` with a context manager and then explicitly " +"join the pool." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32245 +msgid "" +":issue:`35519`: Rename :mod:`test.bisect` module to :mod:`test.bisect_cmd` " +"to avoid conflict with :mod:`bisect` module when running directly a test " +"like ``./python Lib/test/test_xmlrpc.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32249 +msgid "" +":issue:`35513`: Replace :func:`time.time` with :func:`time.monotonic` in " +"tests to measure time delta." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32252 +msgid "" +":issue:`34279`: :func:`test.support.run_unittest` no longer raise " +":exc:`TestDidNotRun` if the test result contains skipped tests. The " +"exception is now only raised if no test have been run and no test have been " +"skipped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32257 +msgid "" +":issue:`35412`: Add testcase to ``test_future4``: check unicode literal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32259 +msgid "" +":issue:`26704`: Added test demonstrating double-patching of an instance " +"method. Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32262 +msgid "" +":issue:`33725`: test_multiprocessing_fork may crash on recent versions of " +"macOS. Until the issue is resolved, skip the test on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32265 +msgid "" +":issue:`35352`: Modify test_asyncio to use the certificate set from the test" +" directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32268 +msgid "" +":issue:`35317`: Fix ``mktime()`` overflow error in ``test_email``: run " +"``test_localtime_daylight_true_dst_true()`` and " +"``test_localtime_daylight_false_dst_true()`` with a specific timezone." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32272 +msgid "" +":issue:`21263`: After several reports that test_gdb does not work properly " +"on macOS and since gdb is not shipped by default anymore, test_gdb is now " +"skipped on macOS when LLVM Clang has been used to compile Python. Patch by " +"Lysandros Nikolaou" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32277 +msgid "" +":issue:`34279`: regrtest issue a warning when no tests have been executed in" +" a particular test file. Also, a new final result state is issued if no test" +" have been executed across all test files. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32281 +msgid "" +":issue:`34962`: make docstest in Doc now passes., and is enforced in CI" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32283 +msgid "" +":issue:`23596`: Use argparse for the command line of the gzip module. Patch " +"by Antony Lee" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32286 +msgid "" +":issue:`34537`: Fix ``test_gdb.test_strings()`` when ``LC_ALL=C`` and GDB " +"was compiled with Python 3.6 or earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32289 +msgid "" +":issue:`34587`: test_socket: Remove RDSTest.testCongestion(). The test tries" +" to fill the receiver's socket buffer and expects an error. But the RDS " +"protocol doesn't require that. Moreover, the Linux implementation of RDS " +"expects that the producer of the messages reduces its rate, it's not the " +"role of the receiver to trigger an error. The test fails on Fedora 28 by " +"design, so just remove it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32296 +msgid ":issue:`34661`: Fix test_shutil if unzip doesn't support -t." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32298 +msgid "" +":issue:`34200`: Fixed non-deterministic flakiness of test_pkg by not using " +"the scary test.support.module_cleanup() logic to save and restore " +"sys.modules contents between test cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32302 +msgid "" +":issue:`34569`: The experimental PEP 554 data channels now correctly pass " +"negative PyLong objects between subinterpreters on 32-bit systems. Patch by " +"Michael Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32306 +msgid ":issue:`34594`: Fix usage of hardcoded ``errno`` values in the tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32308 +msgid ":issue:`34579`: Fix test_embed for AIX Patch by Michael Felt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32310 +msgid "" +":issue:`34542`: Use 3072 RSA keys and SHA-256 signature for test certs and " +"keys." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32313 +msgid "" +":issue:`11193`: Remove special condition for AIX in " +"``test_subprocess.test_undecodable_env``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32316 +msgid ":issue:`34347`: Fix ``test_utf8_mode.test_cmd_line`` for AIX" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32318 +msgid "" +":issue:`34490`: On AIX with AF_UNIX family sockets getsockname() does not " +"provide 'sockname', so skip calls to transport.get_extra_info('sockname')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32321 +msgid "" +":issue:`34391`: Fix ftplib test for TLS 1.3 by reading from data socket." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32323 +msgid "" +":issue:`11192`: Fix ``test_socket`` on AIX 6.1 and later IPv6 zone id " +"supports only supported by ``inet_pton6_zone()``. Switch to runtime-based " +"``platform.system()`` to establish current platform rather than build-time " +"based ``sys.platform()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32328 +msgid "" +":issue:`34399`: Update all RSA keys and DH params to use at least 2048 bits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32330 +msgid "" +":issue:`34373`: Fix ``test_mktime`` and ``test_pthread_getcpuclickid`` tests" +" for AIX Add range checking for ``_PyTime_localtime`` for AIX Patch by " +"Michael Felt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32334 +msgid "" +":issue:`11191`: Skip the distutils test 'test_search_cpp' when using XLC as " +"compiler patch by aixtools (Michael Felt)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32337 +msgid "Improved an error message when mock assert_has_calls fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32339 +msgid ":issue:`33746`: Fix test_unittest when run in verbose mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32341 +msgid "" +":issue:`33901`: Fix test_dbm_gnu on macOS with gdbm 1.15: add a larger value" +" to make sure that the file size changes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32344 +msgid "" +":issue:`33873`: Fix a bug in ``regrtest`` that caused an extra test to run " +"if --huntrleaks/-R was used. Exit with error in case that invalid parameters" +" are specified to --huntrleaks/-R (at least one warmup run and one " +"repetition must be used)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32349 +msgid "" +":issue:`33562`: Check that a global asyncio event loop policy is not left " +"behind by any tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32352 ../NEWS:33251 ../NEWS:37742 +msgid "" +":issue:`33655`: Ignore test_posix_fallocate failures on BSD platforms that " +"might be due to running on ZFS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32355 +msgid "" +":issue:`32962`: Fixed test_gdb when Python is compiled with flags -mcet " +"-fcf-protection -O0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32358 ../NEWS:33405 +msgid "" +":issue:`33358`: Fix ``test_embed.test_pre_initialization_sys_options()`` " +"when the interpreter is built with ``--enable-shared``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32361 ../NEWS:33621 ../NEWS:37855 +msgid "" +":issue:`32872`: Avoid regrtest compatibility issue with namespace packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32363 ../NEWS:33623 ../NEWS:38080 +msgid "" +":issue:`32517`: Fix failing ``test_asyncio`` on macOS 10.12.2+ due to " +"transport of ``KqueueSelector`` loop was not being closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32366 +msgid "" +":issue:`32663`: Making sure the ``SMTPUTF8SimTests`` class of tests gets run" +" in ``test_smtplib.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32369 +msgid "" +":issue:`27643`: Test_C test case needs \"signed short\" bitfields, but the " +"IBM XLC compiler (on AIX) does not support this Skip the code and test when " +"AIX and XLC are used" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32373 +msgid "Applicable to Python2-2.7 and later" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32375 ../NEWS:33626 ../NEWS:37745 +msgid ":issue:`19417`: Add test_bdb.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32377 ../NEWS:33873 +msgid ":issue:`31809`: Add tests to verify connection with secp ECDH curves." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32382 +msgid "" +":issue:`34691`: The _contextvars module is now built into the core Python " +"library on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32385 +msgid "" +":issue:`35683`: Improved Azure Pipelines build steps and now verifying " +"layouts correctly" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32388 +msgid ":issue:`35642`: Remove asynciomodule.c from pythoncore.vcxproj" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32390 +msgid "" +":issue:`35550`: Fix incorrect Solaris #ifdef checks to look for __sun && " +"__SVR4 instead of sun when compiling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32393 +msgid "" +":issue:`35499`: ``make profile-opt`` no longer replaces ``CFLAGS_NODIST`` " +"with ``CFLAGS``. It now adds profile-guided optimization (PGO) flags to " +"``CFLAGS_NODIST``: existing ``CFLAGS_NODIST`` flags are kept." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32397 +msgid "" +":issue:`35257`: Avoid leaking the linker flags from Link Time Optimizations " +"(LTO) into distutils when compiling C extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32400 +msgid "" +":issue:`35351`: When building Python with clang and LTO, LTO flags are no " +"longer passed into CFLAGS to build third-party C extensions through " +"distutils." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32404 +msgid "" +":issue:`35139`: Fix a compiler error when statically linking ``pyexpat`` in " +"``Modules/Setup``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32407 +msgid "" +":issue:`35059`: PCbuild: Set InlineFunctionExpansion to OnlyExplicitInline " +"(\"/Ob1\" option) in pyproject.props in Debug mode to expand functions " +"marked as inline. This change should make Python compiled in Debug mode a " +"little bit faster on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32412 +msgid "" +":issue:`35011`: Restores the use of pyexpatns.h to isolate our embedded copy" +" of the expat C library so that its symbols do not conflict at link or " +"dynamic loading time with an embedding application or other extension " +"modules with their own version of libexpat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32417 +msgid ":issue:`28015`: Have --with-lto works correctly with clang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32419 +msgid "" +":issue:`34765`: Update the outdated install-sh file to the latest revision " +"from automake v1.16.1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32422 +msgid "" +":issue:`34585`: Check for floating-point byte order in configure.ac using " +"compilation tests instead of executing code, so that these checks work in " +"cross-compiled builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32426 +msgid ":issue:`34710`: Fixed SSL module build with OpenSSL & pedantic CFLAGS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32428 +msgid "" +":issue:`34582`: Add JUnit XML output for regression tests and update Azure " +"DevOps builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32431 +msgid ":issue:`34081`: Make Sphinx warnings as errors in the Docs Makefile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32433 +msgid "" +":issue:`34555`: Fix for case where it was not possible to have both " +"``HAVE_LINUX_VM_SOCKETS_H`` and ``HAVE_SOCKADDR_ALG`` be undefined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32436 +msgid "" +":issue:`33015`: Fix an undefined behaviour in the pthread implementation of " +":c:func:`PyThread_start_new_thread`: add a function wrapper to always return" +" ``NULL``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32440 +msgid "" +":issue:`34245`: The Python shared library is now installed with write " +"permission (mode 0755), which is the standard way of installing such " +"libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32444 +msgid ":issue:`34121`: Fix detection of C11 atomic support on clang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32446 +msgid "" +":issue:`32430`: Rename Modules/Setup.dist to Modules/Setup, and remove the " +"necessity to copy the former manually to the latter when updating the local " +"source tree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32450 +msgid "" +":issue:`30345`: Add -g to LDFLAGS when compiling with LTO to get debug " +"symbols." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32452 ../NEWS:33038 ../NEWS:37750 +msgid "" +":issue:`5755`: Move ``-Wstrict-prototypes`` option to ``CFLAGS_NODIST`` from" +" ``OPT``. This option emitted annoying warnings when building extension " +"modules written in C++." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32456 ../NEWS:33260 ../NEWS:37754 +msgid "" +":issue:`33614`: Ensures module definition files for the stable ABI on " +"Windows are correctly regenerated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32459 +msgid "" +":issue:`33648`: The --with-c-locale-warning configuration flag has been " +"removed. It has had no effect for about a year." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32462 ../NEWS:33263 ../NEWS:37757 +msgid "" +":issue:`33522`: Enable CI builds on Visual Studio Team Services at " +"https://python.visualstudio.com/cpython" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32465 +msgid ":issue:`33512`: configure's check for \"long double\" has been simplified" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32467 +msgid "" +":issue:`33483`: C compiler is now correctly detected from the standard " +"environment variables. --without-gcc and --with-icc options have been " +"removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32471 ../NEWS:33411 ../NEWS:37764 +msgid "" +":issue:`33394`: Enable the verbose build for extension modules, when GNU " +"make is passed macros on the command line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32474 ../NEWS:33414 +msgid ":issue:`33393`: Update config.guess and config.sub files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32476 ../NEWS:33416 +msgid "" +":issue:`33377`: Add new triplets for mips r6 and riscv variants (used in " +"extension suffixes)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32479 ../NEWS:33419 +msgid "" +":issue:`32232`: By default, modules configured in ``Modules/Setup`` are no " +"longer built with ``-DPy_BUILD_CORE``. Instead, modules that specifically " +"need that preprocessor definition include it in their individual entries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32483 ../NEWS:33423 +msgid "" +":issue:`33182`: The embedding tests can once again be built with clang 6.0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32485 ../NEWS:33631 ../NEWS:37860 +msgid ":issue:`33163`: Upgrade pip to 9.0.3 and setuptools to v39.0.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32487 +msgid "" +":issue:`33012`: gcc 8 has added a new warning heuristic to detect invalid " +"function casts and a stock python build seems to hit that warning quite " +"often. The most common is the cast of a METH_NOARGS function (that uses " +"just one argument) to a PyCFunction. Fix this by adding a dummy argument to " +"all functions that implement METH_NOARGS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32493 ../NEWS:33878 +msgid ":issue:`32898`: Fix the python debug build when using COUNT_ALLOCS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32495 +msgid ":issue:`29442`: Replace optparse with argparse in setup.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32500 +msgid "" +":issue:`35890`: Fix API calling consistency of GetVersionEx and wcstok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32502 +msgid "" +":issue:`32560`: The ``py`` launcher now forwards its ``STARTUPINFO`` " +"structure to child processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32505 +msgid ":issue:`35854`: Fix EnvBuilder and --symlinks in venv on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32507 +msgid "" +":issue:`35811`: Avoid propagating venv settings when launching via py.exe" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32509 +msgid "" +":issue:`35797`: Fix default executable used by the multiprocessing module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32511 +msgid ":issue:`35758`: Allow building on ARM with MSVC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32513 +msgid ":issue:`29734`: Fix handle leaks in os.stat on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32515 +msgid "" +":issue:`35596`: Use unchecked PYCs for the embeddable distro to avoid " +"zipimport restrictions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32518 +msgid "" +":issue:`35596`: Fix vcruntime140.dll being added to embeddable distro " +"multiple times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32521 +msgid ":issue:`35402`: Update Windows build to use Tcl and Tk 8.6.9" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32523 +msgid ":issue:`35401`: Updates Windows build to OpenSSL 1.1.0j" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32525 +msgid "" +":issue:`34977`: venv on Windows will now use a python.exe redirector rather " +"than copying the actual binaries from the base environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32528 +msgid ":issue:`34977`: Adds support for building a Windows App Store package" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32530 +msgid "" +":issue:`35067`: Remove _distutils_findvs module and use vswhere.exe instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32532 +msgid ":issue:`32557`: Allow shutil.disk_usage to take a file path on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32534 +msgid "" +":issue:`34770`: Fix a possible null pointer dereference in pyshellext.cpp." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32536 +msgid ":issue:`34603`: Fix returning structs from functions produced by MSVC" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32538 +msgid "" +":issue:`34581`: Guard MSVC-specific code in socketmodule.c with ``#ifdef " +"_MSC_VER``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32541 +msgid ":issue:`34532`: Fixes exit code of list version arguments for py.exe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32543 +msgid "" +":issue:`34062`: Fixed the '--list' and '--list-paths' arguments for the " +"py.exe launcher" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32546 +msgid "" +":issue:`34225`: Ensure INCLUDE and LIB directories do not end with a " +"backslash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32548 +msgid "" +":issue:`34011`: A suite of code has been changed which copied across DLLs " +"and init.tcl from the running Python location into a venv being created. " +"These copies are needed only when running from a Python source build, and " +"the copying code is now only run when that is the case, rather than whenever" +" a venv is created." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32554 +msgid "" +":issue:`34006`: Revert line length limit for Windows help docs. The line-" +"length limit is not needed because the pages appear in a separate app rather" +" than on a browser tab. It can also interact badly with the DPI setting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32558 +msgid "" +":issue:`31546`: Restore running PyOS_InputHook while waiting for user input " +"at the prompt. The restores integration of interactive GUI windows (such as " +"Matplotlib figures) with the prompt on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32562 +msgid "" +":issue:`30237`: Output error when ReadConsole is canceled by " +"CancelSynchronousIo instead of crashing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32565 +msgid "" +":issue:`33895`: GIL is released while calling functions that acquire Windows" +" loader lock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32568 ../NEWS:33045 +msgid "" +":issue:`33720`: Reduces maximum marshal recursion depth on release builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32570 +msgid "" +":issue:`29097`: Fix bug where :meth:`datetime.fromtimestamp` erroneously " +"throws an :exc:`OSError` on Windows for values between 0 and 86400. Patch by" +" Ammar Askar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32574 +msgid ":issue:`33316`: PyThread_release_lock always fails" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32576 ../NEWS:33428 +msgid ":issue:`33184`: Update Windows installer to use OpenSSL 1.1.0h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32578 +msgid "" +":issue:`32890`: Fix usage of GetLastError() instead of errno in os.execve() " +"and os.truncate()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32581 ../NEWS:33636 ../NEWS:38101 +msgid "" +":issue:`33016`: Fix potential use of uninitialized memory in " +"nt._getfinalpathname" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32584 ../NEWS:33639 ../NEWS:38104 +msgid "" +":issue:`32903`: Fix a memory leak in os.chdir() on Windows if the current " +"directory is set to a UNC path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32587 ../NEWS:33883 +msgid ":issue:`32901`: Update Tcl and Tk versions to 8.6.8" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32589 ../NEWS:33885 ../NEWS:38107 +msgid ":issue:`31966`: Fixed WindowsConsoleIO.write() for writing empty data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32591 ../NEWS:33887 ../NEWS:38109 +msgid ":issue:`32409`: Ensures activate.bat can handle Unicode contents." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32593 ../NEWS:33889 ../NEWS:38111 +msgid "" +":issue:`32457`: Improves handling of denormalized executable path when " +"launching Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32596 ../NEWS:33892 ../NEWS:38114 +msgid "" +":issue:`32370`: Use the correct encoding for ipconfig output in the uuid " +"module. Patch by Segev Finer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32599 ../NEWS:33895 ../NEWS:38117 +msgid "" +":issue:`29248`: Fix :func:`os.readlink` on Windows, which was mistakenly " +"treating the ``PrintNameOffset`` field of the reparse data buffer as a " +"number of characters instead of bytes. Patch by Craig Holmquist and SSE4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32603 +msgid "" +":issue:`1104`: Correctly handle string length in " +"``msilib.SummaryInfo.GetProperty()`` to prevent it from truncating the last " +"character." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32610 +msgid ":issue:`35401`: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 1.1.0j." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32612 +msgid "" +":issue:`35025`: Properly guard the use of the ``CLOCK_GETTIME`` et al. " +"macros in ``timemodule`` on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32615 +msgid "" +":issue:`24658`: On macOS, fix reading from and writing into a file with a " +"size larger than 2 GiB." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32618 +msgid ":issue:`34405`: Update to OpenSSL 1.1.0i for macOS installer builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32620 +msgid "" +":issue:`33635`: In macOS stat on some file descriptors (/dev/fd/3 f.e) will " +"result in bad file descriptor OSError. Guard against this exception was " +"added in is_dir, is_file and similar methods. DirEntry.is_dir can also throw" +" this exception so _RecursiveWildcardSelector._iterate_directories was also " +"extended with the same error ignoring pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32626 ../NEWS:33273 +msgid "" +":issue:`13631`: The .editrc file in user's home directory is now processed " +"correctly during the readline initialization through editline emulation on " +"macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32630 ../NEWS:33433 +msgid ":issue:`33184`: Update macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 1.1.0h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32632 ../NEWS:33645 +msgid "" +":issue:`32726`: Build and link with private copy of Tcl/Tk 8.6 for the macOS" +" 10.6+ installer. The 10.9+ installer variant already does this. This means" +" that the Python 3.7 provided by the python.org macOS installers no longer " +"need or use any external versions of Tcl/Tk, either system-provided or user-" +"installed, such as ActiveTcl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32638 ../NEWS:33902 +msgid ":issue:`32901`: Update macOS 10.9+ installer to Tcl/Tk 8.6.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32640 +msgid "" +":issue:`31903`: In :mod:`!_scproxy`, drop the GIL when calling into " +"``SystemConfiguration`` to avoid deadlocks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32646 +msgid "" +":issue:`35770`: IDLE macosx deletes Options => Configure IDLE. It previously" +" deleted Window => Zoom Height by mistake. (Zoom Height is now on the " +"Options menu). On Mac, the settings dialog is accessed via Preferences on " +"the IDLE menu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32651 +msgid "" +":issue:`35769`: Change IDLE's new file name from 'Untitled' to 'untitled'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32653 +msgid ":issue:`35660`: Fix imports in idlelib.window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32655 +msgid "" +":issue:`35641`: Proper format ``calltip`` when the function has no " +"docstring." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32657 +msgid ":issue:`33987`: Use ttk Frame for ttk widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32659 +msgid "" +":issue:`34055`: Fix erroneous 'smart' indents and newlines in IDLE Shell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32661 +msgid ":issue:`35591`: Find Selection now works when selection not found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32663 +msgid ":issue:`35196`: Speed up squeezer line counting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32665 +msgid "" +":issue:`35598`: Update config_key: use PEP 8 names and ttk widgets, make " +"some objects global, and add tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32668 +msgid ":issue:`28097`: Add Previous/Next History entries to Shell menu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32670 +msgid "" +":issue:`35208`: Squeezer now properly counts wrapped lines before newlines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32672 +msgid "" +":issue:`35555`: Gray out Code Context menu entry when it's not applicable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32674 +msgid "" +":issue:`35521`: Document the IDLE editor code context feature. Add some " +"internal references within the IDLE doc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32677 +msgid "" +":issue:`22703`: The Code Context menu label now toggles between Show/Hide " +"Code Context. The Zoom Height menu now toggles between Zoom/Restore Height. " +"Zoom Height has moved from the Window menu to the Options menu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32681 +msgid ":issue:`35213`: Where appropriate, use 'macOS' in idlelib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32683 +msgid "" +":issue:`34864`: On macOS, warn if the system preference \"Prefer tabs when " +"opening documents\" is set to \"Always\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32686 +msgid "" +":issue:`34864`: Document two IDLE on MacOS issues. The System Preferences " +"Dock \"prefer tabs always\" setting disables some IDLE features. Menus are " +"a bit different than as described for Windows and Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32690 +msgid ":issue:`35202`: Remove unused imports from lib/idlelib" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32692 +msgid "" +":issue:`33000`: Document that IDLE's shell has no line limit. A program that" +" runs indefinitely can overfill memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32695 +msgid ":issue:`23220`: Explain how IDLE's Shell displays output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32697 +msgid "" +":issue:`35099`: Improve the doc about IDLE running user code. The section " +"is renamed from \"IDLE -- console differences\" is renamed \"Running user " +"code\". It mostly covers the implications of using custom " +":samp:`sys.std{xxx}` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32702 +msgid "" +":issue:`35097`: Add IDLE doc subsection explaining editor windows. Topics " +"include opening, title and status bar, .py* extension, and running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32705 +msgid "" +":issue:`35093`: Document the IDLE document viewer in the IDLE doc. Add a " +"paragraph in \"Help and preferences\", \"Help sources\" subsection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32708 +msgid "" +":issue:`35088`: Update idlelib.help.copy_string docstring. We now use git " +"and backporting instead of hg and forward merging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32711 +msgid "" +":issue:`35087`: Update idlelib help files for the current doc build. The " +"main change is the elimination of chapter-section numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32714 +msgid ":issue:`34548`: Use configured color theme for read-only text views." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32716 +msgid "" +":issue:`1529353`: Enable \"squeezing\" of long outputs in the shell, to " +"avoid performance degradation and to clean up the history without losing it." +" Squeezed outputs may be copied, viewed in a separate window, and " +"\"unsqueezed\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32721 +msgid ":issue:`34047`: Fixed mousewheel scrolling direction on macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32723 +msgid "" +":issue:`34275`: Make IDLE calltips always visible on Mac. Some MacOS-tk " +"combinations need .update_idletasks(). Patch by Kevin Walzer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32726 +msgid "" +":issue:`34120`: Fix unresponsiveness after closing certain windows and " +"dialogs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32728 +msgid "" +":issue:`33975`: Avoid small type when running htests. Since part of the " +"purpose of human-viewed tests is to determine that widgets look right, it is" +" important that they look the same for testing as when running IDLE." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32732 +msgid ":issue:`33905`: Add test for idlelib.stackview.StackBrowser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32734 +msgid "" +":issue:`33924`: Change mainmenu.menudefs key 'windows' to 'window'. Every " +"other menudef key is lowercase version of main menu entry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32737 +msgid "" +":issue:`33906`: Rename idlelib.windows as window Match Window on the main " +"menu and remove last plural module name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32740 +msgid "" +":issue:`33917`: Fix and document idlelib/idle_test/template.py. The revised " +"file compiles, runs, and tests OK. idle_test/README.txt explains how to use" +" it to create new IDLE test files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32744 +msgid "" +":issue:`33904`: IDLE: In rstrip, rename class RstripExtension as Rstrip" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32746 +msgid "" +":issue:`33907`: For consistency and clarity, rename an IDLE module and " +"classes. Module calltips and its class CallTips are now calltip and Calltip." +" In module calltip_w, class CallTip is now CalltipWindow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32750 +msgid ":issue:`33856`: Add \"help\" in the welcome message of IDLE" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32752 +msgid "" +":issue:`33839`: IDLE: refactor ToolTip and CallTip and add documentation and" +" tests" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32755 +msgid "" +":issue:`33855`: Minimally test all IDLE modules. Add missing files, import " +"module, instantiate classes, and check coverage. Check existing files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32758 ../NEWS:33050 ../NEWS:37780 +msgid "" +":issue:`33656`: On Windows, add API call saying that tk scales for DPI. On " +"Windows 8.1+ or 10, with DPI compatibility properties of the Python binary " +"unchanged, and a monitor resolution greater than 96 DPI, this should make " +"text and lines sharper. It should otherwise have no effect." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32763 ../NEWS:33055 ../NEWS:37785 +msgid "" +":issue:`33768`: Clicking on a context line moves that line to the top of the" +" editor window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32766 ../NEWS:33058 ../NEWS:37788 +msgid "" +":issue:`33763`: IDLE: Use read-only text widget for code context instead of " +"label widget." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32769 ../NEWS:33061 ../NEWS:37791 +msgid "" +":issue:`33664`: Scroll IDLE editor text by lines. Previously, the mouse " +"wheel and scrollbar slider moved text by a fixed number of pixels, resulting" +" in partial lines at the top of the editor box. The change also applies to " +"the shell and grep output windows, but not to read-only text views." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32774 ../NEWS:33066 ../NEWS:37796 +msgid "" +":issue:`33679`: Enable theme-specific color configuration for Code Context. " +"Use the Highlights tab to see the setting for built-in themes or add " +"settings to custom themes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32778 ../NEWS:33070 ../NEWS:37800 +msgid "" +":issue:`33642`: Display up to maxlines non-blank lines for Code Context. If " +"there is no current context, show a single blank line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32781 ../NEWS:33280 ../NEWS:37803 +msgid ":issue:`33628`: IDLE: Cleanup codecontext.py and its test." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32783 ../NEWS:33282 ../NEWS:37805 +msgid "" +":issue:`33564`: IDLE's code context now recognizes async as a block opener." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32785 ../NEWS:33438 ../NEWS:37810 +msgid "" +":issue:`21474`: Update word/identifier definition from ascii to unicode. In " +"text and entry boxes, this affects selection by double-click, movement " +"left/right by control-left/right, and deletion left/right by control-" +"BACKSPACE/DEL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32790 ../NEWS:33443 ../NEWS:37815 +msgid "" +":issue:`33204`: IDLE: consistently color invalid string prefixes. A 'u' " +"string prefix cannot be paired with either 'r' or 'f'. Consistently color as" +" much of the prefix, starting at the right, as is valid. Revise and extend " +"colorizer test." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32795 ../NEWS:33654 ../NEWS:38134 +msgid "" +":issue:`32984`: Set ``__file__`` while running a startup file. Like Python," +" IDLE optionally runs one startup file in the Shell window before presenting" +" the first interactive input prompt. For IDLE, ``-s`` runs a file named in " +"environmental variable :envvar:`IDLESTARTUP` or :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP`; " +"``-r file`` runs ``file``. Python sets ``__file__`` to the startup file " +"name before running the file and unsets it before the first prompt. IDLE " +"now does the same when run normally, without the ``-n`` option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32804 ../NEWS:33663 ../NEWS:38143 +msgid "" +":issue:`32940`: Simplify and rename StringTranslatePseudoMapping in pyparse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32806 ../NEWS:33907 ../NEWS:38145 +msgid ":issue:`32916`: Change ``str`` to ``code`` in pyparse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32808 ../NEWS:33909 ../NEWS:38147 +msgid ":issue:`32905`: Remove unused code in pyparse module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32810 ../NEWS:33911 ../NEWS:38149 +msgid ":issue:`32874`: Add tests for pyparse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32812 ../NEWS:33913 ../NEWS:38151 +msgid "" +":issue:`32837`: Using the system and place-dependent default encoding for " +"open() is a bad idea for IDLE's system and location-independent files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32815 ../NEWS:33916 ../NEWS:38154 +msgid "" +":issue:`32826`: Add \"encoding=utf-8\" to open() in IDLE's test_help_about. " +"GUI test test_file_buttons() only looks at initial ascii-only lines, but " +"failed on systems where open() defaults to 'ascii' because readline() " +"internally reads and decodes far enough ahead to encounter a non-ascii " +"character in CREDITS.txt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32821 ../NEWS:33284 ../NEWS:37820 +msgid ":issue:`32831`: Add docstrings and tests for codecontext." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32823 ../NEWS:33922 ../NEWS:38160 +msgid "" +":issue:`32765`: Update configdialog General tab docstring to add new widgets" +" to the widget list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32829 +msgid "" +":issue:`35884`: Add a benchmark script for timing various ways to access " +"variables: ``Tools/scripts/var_access_benchmark.py``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32832 +msgid "" +":issue:`34989`: python-gdb.py now handles errors on computing the line " +"number of a Python frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32835 +msgid "" +":issue:`20260`: Argument Clinic now has non-bitwise unsigned int converters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32837 +msgid "" +":issue:`32962`: python-gdb now catches ``UnicodeDecodeError`` exceptions " +"when calling ``string()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32840 +msgid "" +":issue:`32962`: python-gdb now catches ValueError on read_var(): when Python" +" has no debug symbols for example." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32843 ../NEWS:33451 ../NEWS:37825 +msgid "" +":issue:`33189`: :program:`pygettext.py` now recognizes only literal strings " +"as docstrings and translatable strings, and rejects bytes literals and " +"f-string expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32847 ../NEWS:33455 ../NEWS:37829 +msgid "" +":issue:`31920`: Fixed handling directories as arguments in the ``pygettext``" +" script. Based on patch by Oleg Krasnikov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32850 ../NEWS:33458 ../NEWS:37832 +msgid ":issue:`29673`: Fix pystackv and pystack gdbinit macros." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32852 +msgid "" +":issue:`25427`: Remove the pyvenv script in favor of ``python3 -m venv`` in " +"order to lower confusion as to what Python interpreter a virtual environment" +" will be created for." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32856 ../NEWS:33668 ../NEWS:37834 +msgid "" +":issue:`32885`: Add an ``-n`` flag for ``Tools/scripts/pathfix.py`` to " +"disable automatic backup creation (files with ``~`` suffix)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32859 ../NEWS:33928 ../NEWS:38170 +msgid "" +":issue:`32222`: Fix pygettext not extracting docstrings for functions with " +"type annotated arguments. Patch by Toby Harradine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32862 ../NEWS:33460 ../NEWS:37837 +msgid "" +":issue:`31583`: Fix 2to3 for using with --add-suffix option but without " +"--output-dir option for relative path to files in current directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32868 +msgid "" +":issue:`35713`: The :c:func:`!PyByteArray_Init` and " +":c:func:`!PyByteArray_Fini` functions have been removed. They did nothing " +"since Python 2.7.4 and Python 3.2.0, were excluded from the limited API " +"(stable ABI), and were not documented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32873 +msgid "" +":issue:`33817`: Fixed :c:func:`_PyBytes_Resize` for empty bytes objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32875 +msgid "" +":issue:`35322`: Fix memory leak in :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault` on error handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32878 +msgid "" +":issue:`35059`: The following C macros have been converted to static inline " +"functions: :c:func:`Py_INCREF`, :c:func:`Py_DECREF`, :c:func:`Py_XINCREF`, " +":c:func:`Py_XDECREF`, :c:func:`PyObject_INIT`, :c:func:`PyObject_INIT_VAR`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32883 +msgid "" +":issue:`35296`: ``make install`` now also installs the internal API: " +"``Include/internal/*.h`` header files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32886 +msgid "" +":issue:`35081`: Internal APIs surrounded by ``#ifdef Py_BUILD_CORE`` have " +"been moved from ``Include/*.h`` headers to new header files " +"``Include/internal/pycore_*.h``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32890 +msgid "" +":issue:`35259`: Conditionally declare :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx()` (new in 3.6)" +" based on Py_LIMITED_API. Patch by Arthur Neufeld." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32893 +msgid "" +":issue:`35081`: The :c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_TRACK` and " +":c:func:`!_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK` macros have been removed from the public C " +"API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32897 +msgid ":issue:`35134`: Creation of a new ``Include/cpython/`` subdirectory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32899 +msgid "" +":issue:`34725`: Adds _Py_SetProgramFullPath so embedders may override " +"sys.executable" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32902 +msgid "" +":issue:`34910`: Ensure that :c:func:`PyObject_Print` always returns ``-1`` " +"on error. Patch by Zackery Spytz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32905 +msgid "" +":issue:`34523`: Py_DecodeLocale() and Py_EncodeLocale() now use the UTF-8 " +"encoding on Windows if Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag is zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32908 +msgid "" +":issue:`34193`: Fix pluralization in TypeError messages in getargs.c and " +"typeobject.c: '1 argument' instead of '1 arguments' and '1 element' instead " +"of '1 elements'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32912 +msgid "" +":issue:`34127`: Return grammatically correct error message based on argument" +" count. Patch by Karthikeyan Singaravelan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32915 +msgid "" +":issue:`23927`: Fixed :exc:`SystemError` in " +":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` when the ``w*`` format unit is used " +"for optional parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32919 +msgid ":issue:`32455`: Added :c:func:`PyCompile_OpcodeStackEffectWithJump`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32921 +msgid "" +":issue:`34008`: Py_Main() can again be called after Py_Initialize(), as in " +"Python 3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32924 +msgid "" +":issue:`32500`: Fixed error messages for :c:func:`PySequence_Size`, " +":c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`, :c:func:`PySequence_SetItem` and " +":c:func:`PySequence_DelItem` called with a mapping and " +":c:func:`PyMapping_Size` called with a sequence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32929 +msgid "" +":issue:`33818`: :c:func:`PyExceptionClass_Name` will now return ``const char" +" *`` instead of ``char *``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32932 ../NEWS:33674 +msgid "" +":issue:`33042`: Embedding applications may once again call " +"PySys_ResetWarnOptions, PySys_AddWarnOption, and PySys_AddXOption prior to " +"calling Py_Initialize." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32936 ../NEWS:33678 ../NEWS:37843 +msgid "" +":issue:`32374`: Document that m_traverse for multi-phase initialized modules" +" can be called with m_state=NULL, and add a sanity check" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32939 +msgid "" +":issue:`30863`: :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideChar` and " +":c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString` no longer cache the ``wchar_t*`` " +"representation of string objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32945 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 final" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:32947 ../NEWS:37530 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-06-27*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-06-27*" + +#: ../NEWS:32952 +msgid "" +":issue:`33851`: Fix :func:`ast.get_docstring` for a node that lacks a " +"docstring." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32958 +msgid "" +":issue:`33932`: Calling Py_Initialize() twice does nothing, instead of " +"failing with a fatal error: restore the Python 3.6 behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:32963 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:32965 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-06-12*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-06-12*" + +#: ../NEWS:33075 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 beta 5" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 beta 5" + +#: ../NEWS:33077 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-05-30*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-05-30*" + +#: ../NEWS:33090 +msgid "" +":issue:`20104`: The new ``os.posix_spawn`` added in 3.7.0b1 was removed as " +"we are still working on what the API should look like. Expect this in 3.8 " +"instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33224 ../NEWS:37667 +msgid "" +":issue:`32861`: The urllib.robotparser's ``__str__`` representation now " +"includes wildcard entries and the \"Crawl-delay\" and \"Request-rate\" " +"fields. Patch by Michael Lazar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33254 +msgid "" +":issue:`32604`: Remove the _xxsubinterpreters module (meant for testing) and" +" associated helpers. This module was originally added recently in 3.7b1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33266 ../NEWS:37760 +msgid "" +":issue:`33012`: Add ``-Wno-cast-function-type`` for gcc 8 for silencing " +"warnings about function casts like casting to PyCFunction in method " +"definition lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33288 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 beta 4" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 beta 4" + +#: ../NEWS:33290 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-05-02*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-05-02*" + +#: ../NEWS:33348 +msgid "" +":issue:`33185`: Fixed regression when running pydoc with the :option:`-m` " +"switch. (The regression was introduced in 3.7.0b3 by the resolution of " +":issue:`33053`) This fix also changed pydoc to add ``os.getcwd()`` to " +":data:`sys.path` when necessary, rather than adding ``\".\"``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33356 +msgid "" +":issue:`33217`: Deprecate looking up non-Enum objects in Enum classes and " +"Enum members (will raise :exc:`TypeError` in 3.8+)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33465 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 beta 3" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 beta 3" + +#: ../NEWS:33467 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-03-29*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-03-29*" + +#: ../NEWS:33495 ../NEWS:37570 +msgid "" +":issue:`33041`: Fixed jumping when the function contains an ``async for`` " +"loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33593 +msgid "" +":issue:`31639`: http.server now exposes a ThreadedHTTPServer class and uses " +"it when the module is run with ``-m`` to cope with web browsers pre-opening " +"sockets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33683 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 beta 2" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 beta 2" + +#: ../NEWS:33685 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-02-27*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-02-27*" + +#: ../NEWS:33750 +msgid "" +":issue:`25988`: Emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` when using or importing an " +"ABC directly from :mod:`collections` rather than from " +":mod:`collections.abc`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33759 +msgid "" +":issue:`31333`: ``_abc`` module is added. It is a speedup module with C " +"implementations for various functions and methods in ``abc``. Creating an " +"ABC subclass and calling ``isinstance`` or ``issubclass`` with an ABC " +"subclass are up to 1.5x faster. In addition, this makes Python start-up up " +"to 10% faster. Note that the new implementation hides internal registry and " +"caches, previously accessible via private attributes ``_abc_registry``, " +"``_abc_cache``, and ``_abc_negative_cache``. There are three debugging " +"helper methods that can be used instead ``_dump_registry``, " +"``_abc_registry_clear``, and ``_abc_caches_clear``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33933 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 beta 1" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 beta 1" + +#: ../NEWS:33935 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-01-30*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-01-30*" + +#: ../NEWS:33940 +msgid "" +":issue:`32703`: Fix coroutine's ResourceWarning when there's an active error" +" set when it's being finalized." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33943 ../NEWS:37888 +msgid "" +":issue:`32650`: Pdb and other debuggers dependent on bdb.py will correctly " +"step over (next command) native coroutines. Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33946 +msgid "" +":issue:`28685`: Optimize list.sort() and sorted() by using type specialized " +"comparisons when possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33949 ../NEWS:37891 +msgid "" +":issue:`32685`: Improve suggestion when the Python 2 form of print statement" +" is either present on the same line as the header of a compound statement or" +" else terminated by a semi-colon instead of a newline. Patch by Nitish " +"Chandra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33954 +msgid "" +":issue:`32697`: Python now explicitly preserves the definition order of " +"keyword-only parameters. It's always preserved their order, but this " +"behavior was never guaranteed before; this behavior is now guaranteed and " +"tested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33959 +msgid "" +":issue:`32690`: The locals() dictionary now displays in the lexical order " +"that variables were defined. Previously, the order was reversed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33962 +msgid "" +":issue:`32677`: Add ``.isascii()`` method to ``str``, ``bytes`` and " +"``bytearray``. It can be used to test that string contains only ASCII " +"characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33966 +msgid "" +":issue:`32670`: Enforce :pep:`479` for all code. This means that manually " +"raising a StopIteration exception from a generator is prohibited for all " +"code, regardless of whether 'from __future__ import generator_stop' was used" +" or not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33971 +msgid "" +":issue:`32591`: Added built-in support for tracking the origin of coroutine " +"objects; see sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth and " +"CoroutineType.cr_origin. This replaces the asyncio debug mode's use of " +"coroutine wrapping for native coroutine objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33976 +msgid "" +":issue:`31368`: Expose preadv and pwritev system calls in the os module. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33979 +msgid "" +":issue:`32544`: ``hasattr(obj, name)`` and ``getattr(obj, name, default)`` " +"are about 4 times faster than before when ``name`` is not found and ``obj`` " +"doesn't override ``__getattr__`` or ``__getattribute__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33983 ../NEWS:37899 +msgid "" +":issue:`26163`: Improved frozenset() hash to create more distinct hash " +"values when faced with datasets containing many similar values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33986 +msgid ":issue:`32550`: Remove the STORE_ANNOTATION bytecode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33988 +msgid "" +":issue:`20104`: Expose posix_spawn as a low level API in the os module. " +"(removed before 3.7.0rc1)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33991 +msgid ":issue:`24340`: Fixed estimation of the code stack size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33993 +msgid ":issue:`32436`: Implement :pep:`567` Context Variables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:33995 ../NEWS:37912 +msgid "" +":issue:`18533`: ``repr()`` on a dict containing its own ``values()`` or " +"``items()`` no longer raises ``RecursionError``; OrderedDict similarly. " +"Instead, use ``...``, as for other recursive structures. Patch by Ben " +"North." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34000 +msgid "" +":issue:`20891`: Py_Initialize() now creates the GIL. The GIL is no longer " +"created \"on demand\" to fix a race condition when PyGILState_Ensure() is " +"called in a non-Python thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34004 ../NEWS:37917 +msgid "" +":issue:`32028`: Leading whitespace is now correctly ignored when generating " +"suggestions for converting Py2 print statements to Py3 builtin print " +"function calls. Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34008 +msgid ":issue:`31179`: Make dict.copy() up to 5.5 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34010 +msgid "" +":issue:`31113`: Get rid of recursion in the compiler for normal control " +"flow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34015 +msgid "" +":issue:`25988`: Deprecate exposing the contents of collections.abc in the " +"regular collections module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34018 +msgid "" +":issue:`31429`: The default cipher suite selection of the ssl module now " +"uses a blacklist approach rather than a hard-coded whitelist. Python no " +"longer re-enables ciphers that have been blocked by OpenSSL security update." +" Default cipher suite selection can be configured on compile time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34023 +msgid "" +":issue:`30306`: contextlib.contextmanager now releases the arguments passed " +"to the underlying generator as soon as the context manager is entered. " +"Previously it would keep them alive for as long as the context manager was " +"alive, even when not being used as a function decorator. Patch by Martin " +"Teichmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34029 +msgid "" +":issue:`21417`: Added support for setting the compression level for " +"zipfile.ZipFile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34032 +msgid ":issue:`32251`: Implement asyncio.BufferedProtocol (provisional API)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34034 +msgid "" +":issue:`32513`: In dataclasses, allow easier overriding of dunder methods " +"without specifying decorator parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34037 +msgid "" +":issue:`32660`: :mod:`termios` makes available ``FIONREAD``, ``FIONCLEX``, " +"``FIOCLEX``, ``FIOASYNC`` and ``FIONBIO`` also under Solaris/derivatives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34040 ../NEWS:37992 +msgid "" +":issue:`27931`: Fix email address header parsing error when the username is " +"an empty quoted string. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34043 +msgid "" +":issue:`32659`: Under Solaris and derivatives, :class:`os.stat_result` " +"provides a st_fstype attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34046 +msgid "" +":issue:`32662`: Implement Server.start_serving(), Server.serve_forever(), " +"and Server.is_serving() methods. Add 'start_serving' keyword parameter to " +"loop.create_server() and loop.create_unix_server()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34050 +msgid "" +":issue:`32391`: Implement :meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.wait_closed` and " +":meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.is_closing` methods" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34053 +msgid "" +":issue:`32643`: Make Task._step, Task._wakeup and Future._schedule_callbacks" +" methods private." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34056 +msgid "" +":issue:`32630`: Refactor decimal module to use contextvars to store decimal " +"context." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34059 +msgid ":issue:`32622`: Add :meth:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sendfile` method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34061 ../NEWS:37995 +msgid "" +":issue:`32304`: distutils' upload command no longer corrupts tar files " +"ending with a CR byte, and no longer tries to convert CR to CRLF in any of " +"the upload text fields." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34065 ../NEWS:37999 +msgid "" +":issue:`32502`: uuid.uuid1 no longer raises an exception if a 64-bit " +"hardware address is encountered." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34068 +msgid "" +":issue:`32596`: ``concurrent.futures`` imports ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` and " +"``ProcessPoolExecutor`` lazily (using :pep:`562`). It makes ``import " +"asyncio`` about 15% faster because asyncio uses only ``ThreadPoolExecutor`` " +"by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34073 +msgid "" +":issue:`31801`: Add ``_ignore_`` to ``Enum`` so temporary variables can be " +"used during class construction without being turned into members." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34076 +msgid "" +":issue:`32576`: Use queue.SimpleQueue() in places where it can be invoked " +"from a weakref callback." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34079 +msgid "" +":issue:`32574`: Fix memory leak in asyncio.Queue, when the queue has limited" +" size and it is full, the cancelation of queue.put() can cause a memory " +"leak. Patch by: José Melero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34083 ../NEWS:38009 +msgid "" +":issue:`32521`: The nis module is now compatible with new libnsl and headers" +" location." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34086 +msgid "" +":issue:`32467`: collections.abc.ValuesView now inherits from " +"collections.abc.Collection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34089 ../NEWS:38012 +msgid ":issue:`32473`: Improve ABCMeta._dump_registry() output readability" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34091 +msgid ":issue:`32102`: New argument ``capture_output`` for subprocess.run" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34093 ../NEWS:38014 +msgid "" +":issue:`32521`: glibc has removed Sun RPC. Use replacement libtirpc headers " +"and library in nis module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34096 +msgid ":issue:`32493`: UUID module fixes build for FreeBSD/OpenBSD" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34098 +msgid "" +":issue:`32503`: Pickling with protocol 4 no longer creates too small frames." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34100 +msgid ":issue:`29237`: Create enum for pstats sorting options" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34102 +msgid ":issue:`32454`: Add close(fd) function to the socket module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34104 +msgid "" +":issue:`25942`: The subprocess module is now more graceful when handling a " +"Ctrl-C KeyboardInterrupt during subprocess.call, subprocess.run, or a Popen " +"context manager. It now waits a short amount of time for the child " +"(presumed to have also gotten the SIGINT) to exit, before continuing the " +"KeyboardInterrupt exception handling. This still includes a SIGKILL in the " +"call() and run() APIs, but at least the child had a chance first." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34111 +msgid "" +":issue:`32433`: The hmac module now has hmac.digest(), which provides an " +"optimized HMAC digest." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34114 +msgid "" +":issue:`28134`: Sockets now auto-detect family, type and protocol from file " +"descriptor by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34117 +msgid "" +":issue:`32404`: Fix bug where :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp` did " +"not call __new__ in :class:`datetime.datetime` subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34120 +msgid "" +":issue:`32403`: Improved speed of :class:`datetime.date` and " +":class:`datetime.datetime` alternate constructors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34123 ../NEWS:38017 +msgid "" +":issue:`32228`: Ensure that ``truncate()`` preserves the file position (as " +"reported by ``tell()``) after writes longer than the buffer size." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34126 +msgid "" +":issue:`32410`: Implement ``loop.sock_sendfile`` for asyncio event loop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34128 +msgid "" +":issue:`22908`: Added seek and tell to the ZipExtFile class. This only works" +" if the file object used to open the zipfile is seekable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34131 +msgid ":issue:`32373`: Add socket.getblocking() method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34133 +msgid "" +":issue:`32248`: Add :mod:`importlib.resources` and " +":class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` as the unified API for reading " +"resources contained within packages. Loaders wishing to support resource " +"reading must implement the :meth:`get_resource_reader` method. File-based " +"and zipimport-based loaders both implement these APIs. " +":class:`importlib.abc.ResourceLoader` is deprecated in favor of these new " +"APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34141 +msgid ":issue:`32320`: collections.namedtuple() now supports default values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34143 +msgid "" +":issue:`29302`: Add contextlib.AsyncExitStack. Patch by Alexander Mohr and " +"Ilya Kulakov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34146 +msgid "" +":issue:`31961`: *Removed in Python 3.7.0b2.* The *args* argument of " +"subprocess.Popen can now be a :term:`path-like object`. If *args* is given " +"as a sequence, it's first element can now be a :term:`path-like object` as " +"well." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34151 ../NEWS:38045 +msgid "" +":issue:`31900`: The :func:`locale.localeconv` function now sets temporarily " +"the ``LC_CTYPE`` locale to the ``LC_NUMERIC`` locale to decode " +"``decimal_point`` and ``thousands_sep`` byte strings if they are non-ASCII " +"or longer than 1 byte, and the ``LC_NUMERIC`` locale is different than the " +"``LC_CTYPE`` locale. This temporary change affects other threads. Same " +"change for the :meth:`str.format` method when formatting a number " +"(:class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`float` and subclasses) with the ``n``" +" type (ex: ``'{:n}'.format(1234)``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34160 +msgid "" +":issue:`31853`: Use super().method instead of socket.method in SSLSocket. " +"They were there most likely for legacy reasons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34163 +msgid "" +":issue:`31399`: The ssl module now uses OpenSSL's " +"X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host() and X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip() API to verify " +"hostname and IP addresses. Subject common name fallback can be disabled with" +" SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34168 +msgid "" +":issue:`14976`: Add a queue.SimpleQueue class, an unbounded FIFO queue with " +"a reentrant C implementation of put()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34174 +msgid "" +":issue:`32724`: Add references to some commands in the documentation of Pdb." +" Patch by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34177 +msgid "" +":issue:`32649`: Complete the C API documentation, profiling and tracing part" +" with the newly added per-opcode events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34180 ../NEWS:38073 +msgid "" +":issue:`17799`: Explain real behaviour of sys.settrace and sys.setprofile " +"and their C-API counterparts regarding which type of events are received in " +"each function. Patch by Pablo Galindo Salgado." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34187 ../NEWS:38083 +msgid "" +":issue:`32721`: Fix test_hashlib to not fail if the _md5 module is not " +"built." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34189 +msgid "" +":issue:`28414`: Add test cases for IDNA 2003 and 2008 host names. IDNA 2003 " +"internationalized host names are working since :issue:`31399` has landed. " +"IDNA 2008 are still broken." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34193 +msgid "" +":issue:`32604`: Add a new \"_xxsubinterpreters\" extension module that " +"exposes the existing subinterpreter C-API and a new cross-interpreter data " +"sharing mechanism. The module is primarily intended for more thorough " +"testing of the existing subinterpreter support. Note that the " +"_xxsubinterpreters module has been removed in 3.7.0rc1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34199 +msgid "" +":issue:`32602`: Add test certs and test for ECDSA cert and EC/RSA dual mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34201 +msgid "" +":issue:`32549`: On Travis CI, Python now Compiles and uses a local copy of " +"OpenSSL 1.1.0g for testing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34207 ../NEWS:38095 +msgid "" +":issue:`32635`: Fix segfault of the crypt module when libxcrypt is provided " +"instead of libcrypt at the system." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34210 +msgid "" +":issue:`32598`: Use autoconf to detect OpenSSL libs, headers and supported " +"features. The ax_check_openssl M4 macro uses pkg-config to locate OpenSSL " +"and falls back to manual search." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34214 +msgid ":issue:`32593`: Drop support of FreeBSD 9 and older." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34216 +msgid "" +":issue:`29708`: If the :envvar:`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH` environment variable is " +"set, :mod:`py_compile` will always create hash-based ``.pyc`` files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34222 +msgid "" +":issue:`32588`: Create standalone _distutils_findvs module and add missing " +"_queue module to installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34225 +msgid "" +":issue:`29911`: Ensure separate Modify and Uninstall buttons are displayed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34227 +msgid "" +":issue:`32507`: Use app-local UCRT install rather than the proper update for" +" old versions of Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34233 +msgid "" +":issue:`32726`: Provide an additional, more modern macOS installer variant " +"that supports macOS 10.9+ systems in 64-bit mode only. Upgrade the supplied" +" third-party libraries to OpenSSL 1.1.0g and to SQLite 3.22.0. The 10.9+ " +"installer now links with and supplies its own copy of Tcl/Tk 8.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34238 +msgid "" +":issue:`28440`: No longer add /Library/Python/3.x/site-packages to sys.path " +"for macOS framework builds to avoid future conflicts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34244 +msgid "" +":issue:`32681`: Fix uninitialized variable 'res' in the C implementation of " +"os.dup2. Patch by Stéphane Wirtel" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34247 +msgid "" +":issue:`10381`: Add C API access to the ``datetime.timezone`` constructor " +"and ``datetime.timzone.UTC`` singleton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34252 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 alpha 4" + +#: ../NEWS:34254 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-01-08*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-01-08*" + +#: ../NEWS:34259 +msgid "" +":issue:`31975`: The default warning filter list now starts with a " +"\"default::DeprecationWarning:__main__\" entry, so deprecation warnings are " +"once again shown by default in single-file scripts and at the interactive " +"prompt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34264 +msgid "" +":issue:`32226`: ``__class_getitem__`` is now an automatic class method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34266 +msgid "" +":issue:`32399`: Add AIX uuid library support for RFC4122 using uuid_create()" +" in libc.a" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34269 +msgid "" +":issue:`32390`: Fix the compilation failure on AIX after the f_fsid field " +"has been added to the object returned by os.statvfs() (:issue:`32143`). " +"Original patch by Michael Felt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34273 +msgid "" +":issue:`32379`: Make MRO computation faster when a class inherits from a " +"single base." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34276 +msgid "" +":issue:`32259`: The error message of a TypeError raised when unpack non-" +"iterable is now more specific." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34279 ../NEWS:37902 +msgid "" +":issue:`27169`: The ``__debug__`` constant is now optimized out at compile " +"time. This fixes also :issue:`22091`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34282 +msgid "" +":issue:`32329`: The :option:`-R` option now turns on hash randomization when" +" the :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` environment variable is set to ``0``. " +"Previously, the option was ignored. Moreover, " +"``sys.flags.hash_randomization`` is now properly set to 0 when hash " +"randomization is turned off by ``PYTHONHASHSEED=0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34288 +msgid "" +":issue:`30416`: The optimizer is now protected from spending much time doing" +" complex calculations and consuming much memory for creating large constants" +" in constant folding. Increased limits for constants that can be produced in" +" constant folding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34293 ../NEWS:37572 +msgid "" +":issue:`32282`: Fix an unnecessary ifdef in the include of VersionHelpers.h " +"in socketmodule on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34296 +msgid "" +":issue:`30579`: Implement TracebackType.__new__ to allow Python-level " +"creation of traceback objects, and make TracebackType.tb_next mutable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34299 +msgid "" +":issue:`32260`: Don't byte swap the input keys to the SipHash algorithm on " +"big-endian platforms. This should ensure siphash gives consistent results " +"across platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34303 +msgid "" +":issue:`31506`: Improve the error message logic for object.__new__ and " +"object.__init__. Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34306 +msgid "" +":issue:`20361`: ``-b`` and ``-bb`` now inject ``'default::BytesWarning'`` " +"and ``error::BytesWarning`` entries into ``sys.warnoptions``, ensuring that " +"they take precedence over any other warning filters configured via the " +"``-W`` option or the ``PYTHONWARNINGS`` environment variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34311 +msgid "" +":issue:`32230`: ``-X dev`` now injects a ``'default'`` entry into " +"sys.warnoptions, ensuring that it behaves identically to actually passing " +"``-Wdefault`` at the command line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34315 +msgid "" +":issue:`29240`: Add a new UTF-8 mode: implementation of the :pep:`540`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34317 +msgid "" +":issue:`32226`: :pep:`560`: Add support for ``__mro_entries__`` and " +"``__class_getitem__``. Implemented by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34320 +msgid "" +":issue:`32225`: :pep:`562`: Add support for module ``__getattr__`` and " +"``__dir__``. Implemented by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34323 +msgid "" +":issue:`31901`: The ``atexit`` module now has its callback stored per " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34326 +msgid "" +":issue:`31650`: Implement :pep:`552` (Deterministic pycs). Python now " +"supports invalidating bytecode cache files bashed on a source content hash " +"rather than source last-modified time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34330 +msgid "" +":issue:`29469`: Move constant folding from bytecode layer to AST layer. " +"Original patch by Eugene Toder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34336 +msgid "" +":issue:`32506`: Now that dict is defined as keeping insertion order, drop " +"OrderedDict and just use plain dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34339 +msgid "" +":issue:`32279`: Add params to dataclasses.make_dataclasses(): init, repr, " +"eq, order, hash, and frozen. Pass them through to dataclass()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34342 +msgid "" +":issue:`32278`: Make type information optional on " +"dataclasses.make_dataclass(). If omitted, the string 'typing.Any' is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34345 +msgid "" +":issue:`32499`: Add dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj), which returns True if obj" +" is a dataclass or an instance of one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34348 +msgid "" +":issue:`32468`: Improve frame repr() to mention filename, code name and " +"current line number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34351 +msgid ":issue:`23749`: asyncio: Implement loop.start_tls()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34353 +msgid "" +":issue:`32441`: Return the new file descriptor (i.e., the second argument) " +"from ``os.dup2``. Previously, ``None`` was always returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34356 +msgid "" +":issue:`32422`: ``functools.lru_cache`` uses less memory (3 words for each " +"cached key) and takes about 1/3 time for cyclic GC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34359 +msgid "" +":issue:`31721`: Prevent Python crash from happening when " +"Future._log_traceback is set to True manually. Now it can only be set to " +"False, or a ValueError is raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34363 +msgid ":issue:`32415`: asyncio: Add Task.get_loop() and Future.get_loop()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34365 ../NEWS:38020 +msgid "" +":issue:`26133`: Don't unsubscribe signals in asyncio UNIX event loop on " +"interpreter shutdown." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34368 +msgid "" +":issue:`32363`: Make asyncio.Task.set_exception() and set_result() raise " +"NotImplementedError. Task._step() and Future.__await__() raise proper " +"exceptions when they are in an invalid state, instead of raising an " +"AssertionError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34373 +msgid "" +":issue:`32357`: Optimize asyncio.iscoroutine() and loop.create_task() for " +"non-native coroutines (e.g. async/await compiled with Cython). " +"'loop.create_task(python_coroutine)' used to be 20% faster than " +"'loop.create_task(cython_coroutine)'. Now, the latter is as fast." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34378 +msgid "" +":issue:`32356`: asyncio.transport.resume_reading() and pause_reading() are " +"now idempotent. New transport.is_reading() method is added." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34381 +msgid ":issue:`32355`: Optimize asyncio.gather(); now up to 15% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34383 +msgid ":issue:`32351`: Use fastpath in asyncio.sleep if delay<0 (2x boost)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34385 +msgid "" +":issue:`32348`: Optimize asyncio.Future schedule/add/remove callback. The " +"optimization shows 3-6% performance improvements of async/await code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34388 +msgid "" +":issue:`32331`: Fix socket.settimeout() and socket.setblocking() to keep " +"socket.type as is. Fix socket.socket() constructor to reset any bit flags " +"applied to socket's type. This change only affects OSes that have " +"SOCK_NONBLOCK and/or SOCK_CLOEXEC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34393 +msgid "" +":issue:`32248`: Add :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader` as an ABC for " +"loaders to provide a unified API for reading resources contained within " +"packages. Also add :mod:`importlib.resources` as the port of " +"``importlib_resources``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34398 +msgid ":issue:`32311`: Implement asyncio.create_task(coro) shortcut" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34400 +msgid "" +":issue:`32327`: Convert asyncio functions that were documented as coroutines" +" to coroutines. Affected functions: loop.sock_sendall, loop.sock_recv, " +"loop.sock_accept, loop.getaddrinfo, loop.getnameinfo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34404 ../NEWS:38026 +msgid "" +":issue:`32323`: :func:`urllib.parse.urlsplit` does not convert zone-id " +"(scope) to lower case for scoped IPv6 addresses in hostnames now." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34407 ../NEWS:38029 +msgid "" +":issue:`32302`: Fix bdist_wininst of distutils for CRT v142: it binary " +"compatible with CRT v140." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34410 +msgid "" +":issue:`29711`: Fix ``stop_serving`` in asyncio proactor loop kill all " +"listening servers" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34413 +msgid "" +":issue:`32308`: :func:`re.sub` now replaces empty matches adjacent to a " +"previous non-empty match." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34416 +msgid "" +":issue:`29970`: Abort asyncio SSLProtocol connection if handshake not " +"complete within 10 seconds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34419 +msgid ":issue:`32314`: Implement asyncio.run()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34421 +msgid "" +":issue:`17852`: Revert incorrect fix based on misunderstanding of " +"_Py_PyAtExit() semantics." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34424 +msgid "" +":issue:`32296`: Implement asyncio._get_running_loop() and get_event_loop() " +"in C. This makes them 4x faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34427 +msgid "" +":issue:`32250`: Implement ``asyncio.current_task()`` and " +"``asyncio.all_tasks()``. Add helpers intended to be used by alternative task" +" implementations: ``asyncio._register_task``, ``asyncio._enter_task``, " +"``asyncio._leave_task`` and ``asyncio._unregister_task``. Deprecate " +"``asyncio.Task.current_task()`` and ``asyncio.Task.all_tasks()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34433 ../NEWS:38032 +msgid "" +":issue:`32255`: A single empty field is now always quoted when written into " +"a CSV file. This allows to distinguish an empty row from a row consisting of" +" a single empty field. Patch by Licht Takeuchi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34437 ../NEWS:38036 +msgid "" +":issue:`32277`: Raise ``NotImplementedError`` instead of ``SystemError`` on " +"platforms where ``chmod(..., follow_symlinks=False)`` is not supported. " +"Patch by Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34441 +msgid "" +":issue:`30050`: New argument warn_on_full_buffer to signal.set_wakeup_fd " +"lets you control whether Python prints a warning on stderr when the wakeup " +"fd buffer overflows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34445 +msgid "" +":issue:`29137`: The ``fpectl`` library has been removed. It was never " +"enabled by default, never worked correctly on x86-64, and it changed the " +"Python ABI in ways that caused unexpected breakage of C extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34449 +msgid ":issue:`32273`: Move asyncio.test_utils to test.test_asyncio." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34451 +msgid ":issue:`32272`: Remove asyncio.async() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34453 +msgid ":issue:`32269`: Add asyncio.get_running_loop() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34455 +msgid "" +":issue:`32265`: All class and static methods of builtin types now are " +"correctly classified by inspect.classify_class_attrs() and grouped in pydoc " +"ouput. Added types.ClassMethodDescriptorType for unbound class methods of " +"builtin types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34460 +msgid "" +":issue:`32253`: Deprecate ``yield from lock``, ``await lock``, ``with (yield" +" from lock)`` and ``with await lock`` for asyncio synchronization " +"primitives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34464 +msgid "" +":issue:`22589`: Changed MIME type of .bmp from 'image/x-ms-bmp' to " +"'image/bmp'" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34466 +msgid "" +":issue:`32193`: Convert asyncio to use *async/await* syntax. Old styled " +"``yield from`` is still supported too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34469 +msgid ":issue:`32206`: Add support to run modules with pdb" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34471 +msgid "" +":issue:`32227`: ``functools.singledispatch`` now supports registering " +"implementations using type annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34474 +msgid "" +":issue:`15873`: Added new alternate constructors " +":meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisoformat`, :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat`" +" and :meth:`datetime.date.fromisoformat` as the inverse operation of each " +"classes's respective ``isoformat`` methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34480 ../NEWS:38040 +msgid "" +":issue:`32199`: The getnode() ip getter now uses 'ip link' instead of 'ip " +"link list'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34483 +msgid ":issue:`32143`: os.statvfs() includes the f_fsid field from statvfs(2)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34485 +msgid "" +":issue:`26439`: Fix ctypes.util.find_library() for AIX by implementing " +"ctypes._aix.find_library() Patch by: Michael Felt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34488 +msgid "" +":issue:`31993`: The pickler now uses less memory when serializing large " +"bytes and str objects into a file. Pickles created with protocol 4 will " +"require less memory for unpickling large bytes and str objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34492 ../NEWS:38043 +msgid "" +":issue:`27456`: Ensure TCP_NODELAY is set on Linux. Tests by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34494 +msgid "" +":issue:`31778`: ast.literal_eval() is now more strict. Addition and " +"subtraction of arbitrary numbers no longer allowed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34497 ../NEWS:38054 +msgid "" +":issue:`31802`: Importing native path module (``posixpath``, ``ntpath``) now" +" works even if the ``os`` module still is not imported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34500 +msgid "" +":issue:`30241`: Add contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager. Patch by Jelle " +"Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34503 +msgid "" +":issue:`31699`: Fix deadlocks in " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` when task arguments or " +"results cause pickling or unpickling errors. This should make sure that " +"calls to the :class:`ProcessPoolExecutor` API always eventually return." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34508 +msgid "" +":issue:`15216`: ``TextIOWrapper.reconfigure()`` supports changing " +"*encoding*, *errors*, and *newline*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34514 +msgid "" +":issue:`32418`: Add get_loop() method to Server and AbstractServer classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34519 ../NEWS:38085 +msgid "" +":issue:`32252`: Fix faulthandler_suppress_crash_report() used to prevent " +"core dump files when testing crashes. getrlimit() returns zero on success." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34522 +msgid "" +":issue:`32002`: Adjust C locale coercion testing for the empty locale and " +"POSIX locale cases to more readily adjust to platform dependent behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34528 +msgid "" +":issue:`19764`: Implement support for ``subprocess.Popen(close_fds=True)`` " +"on Windows. Patch by Segev Finer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34534 ../NEWS:38166 +msgid "" +":issue:`24960`: 2to3 and lib2to3 can now read pickled grammar files using " +"pkgutil.get_data() rather than probing the filesystem. This lets 2to3 and " +"lib2to3 work when run from a zipfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34541 +msgid "" +":issue:`32030`: Py_Initialize() doesn't reset the memory allocators to " +"default if the ``PYTHONMALLOC`` environment variable is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34544 ../NEWS:38176 +msgid "" +":issue:`29084`: Undocumented C API for OrderedDict has been excluded from " +"the limited C API. It was added by mistake and actually never worked in the " +"limited C API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34548 +msgid "" +":issue:`32264`: Moved the pygetopt.h header into internal/, since it has no " +"public APIs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34551 +msgid "" +":issue:`32241`: :c:func:`!Py_SetProgramName` and :c:func:`!Py_SetPythonHome`" +" now take the ``const wchar *`` arguments instead of ``wchar *``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34556 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 alpha 3" + +#: ../NEWS:34558 ../NEWS:38193 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-12-05*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-12-05*" + +#: ../NEWS:34563 ../NEWS:38198 +msgid "" +":issue:`32176`: co_flags.CO_NOFREE is now always set correctly by the code " +"object constructor based on freevars and cellvars, rather than needing to be" +" set correctly by the caller. This ensures it will be cleared automatically " +"when additional cell references are injected into a modified code object and" +" function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34569 +msgid "" +":issue:`10544`: Yield expressions are now deprecated in comprehensions and " +"generator expressions. They are still permitted in the definition of the " +"outermost iterable, as that is evaluated directly in the enclosing scope." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34573 ../NEWS:37921 +msgid "" +":issue:`32137`: The repr of deeply nested dict now raises a RecursionError " +"instead of crashing due to a stack overflow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34576 +msgid "" +":issue:`32096`: Revert memory allocator changes in the C API: move " +"structures back from _PyRuntime to Objects/obmalloc.c. The memory allocators" +" are once again initialized statically, and so PyMem_RawMalloc() and " +"Py_DecodeLocale() can be called before _PyRuntime_Initialize()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34581 +msgid "" +":issue:`32043`: Add a new \"developer mode\": new \"-X dev\" command line " +"option to enable debug checks at runtime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34584 +msgid "" +":issue:`32023`: SyntaxError is now correctly raised when a generator " +"expression without parenthesis is used instead of an inheritance list in a " +"class definition. The duplication of the parentheses can be omitted only on " +"calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34589 +msgid "" +":issue:`32012`: SyntaxError is now correctly raised when a generator " +"expression without parenthesis is passed as an argument, but followed by a " +"trailing comma. A generator expression always needs to be directly inside a " +"set of parentheses and cannot have a comma on either side." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34594 +msgid "" +":issue:`28180`: A new internal ``_Py_SetLocaleFromEnv(category)`` helper " +"function has been added in order to improve the consistency of behaviour " +"across different ``libc`` implementations (e.g. Android doesn't support " +"setting the locale from the environment by default)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34599 ../NEWS:38204 +msgid "" +":issue:`31949`: Fixed several issues in printing tracebacks " +"(PyTraceBack_Print()). Setting sys.tracebacklimit to 0 or less now " +"suppresses printing tracebacks. Setting sys.tracebacklimit to None now " +"causes using the default limit. Setting sys.tracebacklimit to an integer " +"larger than LONG_MAX now means using the limit LONG_MAX rather than the " +"default limit. Fixed integer overflows in the case of more than ``2**31`` " +"traceback items on Windows. Fixed output errors handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34607 ../NEWS:38212 +msgid "" +":issue:`30696`: Fix the interactive interpreter looping endlessly when no " +"memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34610 ../NEWS:38215 +msgid "" +":issue:`20047`: Bytearray methods partition() and rpartition() now accept " +"only bytes-like objects as separator, as documented. In particular they now" +" raise TypeError rather of returning a bogus result when an integer is " +"passed as a separator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34615 ../NEWS:38223 +msgid "" +":issue:`21720`: BytesWarning no longer emitted when the *fromlist* argument " +"of ``__import__()`` or the ``__all__`` attribute of the module contain bytes" +" instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34619 +msgid "" +":issue:`31845`: Environment variables are once more read correctly at " +"interpreter startup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34622 +msgid "" +":issue:`28936`: Ensure that lexically first syntax error involving a " +"parameter and ``global`` or ``nonlocal`` is detected first at a given scope." +" Patch by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34626 ../NEWS:38227 +msgid "" +":issue:`31825`: Fixed OverflowError in the 'unicode-escape' codec and in " +"codecs.escape_decode() when decode an escaped non-ascii byte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34629 +msgid "" +":issue:`31618`: The per-frame tracing logic added in 3.7a1 has been altered " +"so that ``frame->f_lineno`` is updated before either ``\"line\"`` or " +"``\"opcode\"`` events are emitted. Previously, opcode events were emitted " +"first, and therefore would occasionally see stale line numbers on the frame." +" The behavior of this feature has changed slightly as a result: when both " +"``f_trace_lines`` and ``f_trace_opcodes`` are enabled, line events now occur" +" first." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34637 ../NEWS:38230 +msgid "" +":issue:`28603`: Print the full context/cause chain of exceptions on " +"interpreter exit, even if an exception in the chain is unhashable or " +"compares equal to later ones. Patch by Zane Bitter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34641 ../NEWS:38234 +msgid "" +":issue:`31786`: Fix timeout rounding in the select module to round correctly" +" negative timeouts between -1.0 and 0.0. The functions now block waiting for" +" events as expected. Previously, the call was incorrectly non-blocking. " +"Patch by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34646 +msgid "" +":issue:`31781`: Prevent crashes when calling methods of an uninitialized " +"``zipimport.zipimporter`` object. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34649 +msgid "" +":issue:`30399`: Standard repr() of BaseException with a single argument no " +"longer contains redundant trailing comma." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34652 ../NEWS:38242 +msgid "" +":issue:`31626`: Fixed a bug in debug memory allocator. There was a write to" +" freed memory after shrinking a memory block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34655 ../NEWS:38287 +msgid "" +":issue:`30817`: ``PyErr_PrintEx()`` clears now the ignored exception that " +"may be raised by ``_PySys_SetObjectId()``, for example when no memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34661 ../NEWS:38293 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: Two minor fixes for ``typing`` module: allow shallow copying" +" instances of generic classes, improve interaction of ``__init_subclass__`` " +"with generics. Original PRs by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34665 +msgid "" +":issue:`32214`: PEP 557, Data Classes. Provides a decorator which adds " +"boilerplate methods to classes which use type annotations so specify fields." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34669 ../NEWS:38297 +msgid "" +":issue:`27240`: The header folding algorithm for the new email policies has " +"been rewritten, which also fixes :issue:`30788`, :issue:`31831`, and " +":issue:`32182`. In particular, RFC2231 folding is now done correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34673 ../NEWS:38301 +msgid "" +":issue:`32186`: io.FileIO.readall() and io.FileIO.read() now release the GIL" +" when getting the file size. Fixed hang of all threads with inaccessible NFS" +" server. Patch by Nir Soffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34677 +msgid ":issue:`32101`: Add :attr:`sys.flags.dev_mode` flag" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34679 +msgid "" +":issue:`32154`: The ``asyncio.windows_utils.socketpair()`` function has been" +" removed: use directly :func:`socket.socketpair` which is available on all " +"platforms since Python 3.5 (before, it wasn't available on Windows). " +"``asyncio.windows_utils.socketpair()`` was just an alias to " +"``socket.socketpair`` on Python 3.5 and newer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34685 +msgid "" +":issue:`32089`: warnings: In development (-X dev) and debug mode (pydebug " +"build), use the \"default\" action for ResourceWarning, rather than the " +"\"always\" action, in the default warnings filters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34689 +msgid "" +":issue:`32107`: ``uuid.getnode()`` now preferentially returns universally " +"administered MAC addresses if available, over locally administered MAC " +"addresses. This makes a better guarantee for global uniqueness of UUIDs " +"returned from ``uuid.uuid1()``. If only locally administered MAC addresses " +"are available, the first such one found is returned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34695 +msgid "" +":issue:`23033`: Wildcard is now supported in hostname when it is one and " +"only character in the left most segment of hostname in second argument of " +":meth:`ssl.match_hostname`. Patch by Mandeep Singh." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34699 ../NEWS:38305 +msgid "" +":issue:`12239`: Make :meth:`!msilib.SummaryInformation.GetProperty` return " +"``None`` when the value of property is ``VT_EMPTY``. Initial patch by Mark " +"Mc Mahon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34703 +msgid "" +":issue:`28334`: Use :func:`os.path.expanduser` to find the ``~/.netrc`` file" +" in :class:`netrc.netrc`. If it does not exist, :exc:`FileNotFoundError` is" +" raised. Patch by Dimitri Merejkowsky." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34707 +msgid "" +":issue:`32121`: Made ``tracemalloc.Traceback`` behave more like the " +"traceback module, sorting the frames from oldest to most recent. " +"``Traceback.format()`` now accepts negative *limit*, truncating the result " +"to the ``abs(limit)`` oldest frames. To get the old behaviour, one can use " +"the new *most_recent_first* argument to ``Traceback.format()``. (Patch by " +"Jesse Bakker.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34714 ../NEWS:38309 +msgid "" +":issue:`31325`: Fix wrong usage of :func:`collections.namedtuple` in the " +":meth:`RobotFileParser.parse() ` " +"method. Initial patch by Robin Wellner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34718 ../NEWS:38313 +msgid "" +":issue:`12382`: :func:`!msilib.OpenDatabase` now raises a better exception " +"message when it couldn't open or create an MSI file. Initial patch by " +"William Tisäter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34722 +msgid "" +":issue:`19610`: ``setup()`` now warns about invalid types for some fields. " +"The ``distutils.dist.Distribution`` class now warns when ``classifiers``, " +"``keywords`` and ``platforms`` fields are not specified as a list or a " +"string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34727 +msgid "" +":issue:`32071`: Added the ``-k`` command-line option to ``python -m " +"unittest`` to run only tests that match the given pattern(s)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34730 +msgid "" +":issue:`10049`: Added *nullcontext* no-op context manager to contextlib. " +"This provides a simpler and faster alternative to ExitStack() when handling " +"optional context managers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34734 +msgid "" +":issue:`28684`: The new test.support.skip_unless_bind_unix_socket() " +"decorator is used here to skip asyncio tests that fail because the platform " +"lacks a functional bind() function for unix domain sockets (as it is the " +"case for non root users on the recent Android versions that run now SELinux " +"in enforcing mode)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34740 ../NEWS:38317 +msgid "" +":issue:`32110`: ``codecs.StreamReader.read(n)`` now returns not more than " +"*n* characters/bytes for non-negative *n*. This makes it compatible with " +"``read()`` methods of other file-like objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34744 +msgid "" +":issue:`27535`: The warnings module doesn't leak memory anymore in the " +"hidden warnings registry for the \"ignore\" action of warnings filters. " +"warn_explicit() function doesn't add the warning key to the registry anymore" +" for the \"ignore\" action." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34749 +msgid "" +":issue:`32088`: warnings: When Python is build is debug mode " +"(``Py_DEBUG``), :exc:`DeprecationWarning`, :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` " +"and :exc:`ImportWarning` warnings are now displayed by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34753 +msgid "" +":issue:`1647489`: Fixed searching regular expression patterns that could " +"match an empty string. Non-empty string can now be correctly found after " +"matching an empty string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34757 +msgid "" +":issue:`25054`: Added support of splitting on a pattern that could match an " +"empty string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34760 ../NEWS:38321 ../NEWS:43000 +msgid "" +":issue:`32072`: Fixed issues with binary plists: Fixed saving bytearrays. " +"Identical objects will be saved only once. Equal references will be load as " +"identical objects. Added support for saving and loading recursive data " +"structures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34765 +msgid "" +":issue:`32069`: Drop legacy SSL transport from asyncio, ssl.MemoryBIO is " +"always used anyway." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34768 +msgid "" +":issue:`32066`: asyncio: Support pathlib.Path in create_unix_connection; " +"sock arg should be optional" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34771 +msgid "" +":issue:`32046`: Updates 2to3 to convert from operator.isCallable(obj) to " +"callable(obj). Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34774 +msgid "" +":issue:`32018`: inspect.signature should follow :pep:`8`, if the parameter " +"has an annotation and a default value. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34777 +msgid ":issue:`32025`: Add time.thread_time() and time.thread_time_ns()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34779 +msgid "" +":issue:`32037`: Integers that fit in a signed 32-bit integer will be now " +"pickled with protocol 0 using the INT opcode. This will decrease the size " +"of a pickle, speed up pickling and unpickling, and make these integers be " +"unpickled as int instances in Python 2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34784 ../NEWS:38326 +msgid "" +":issue:`32034`: Make asyncio.IncompleteReadError and LimitOverrunError " +"pickleable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34787 ../NEWS:38329 +msgid "" +":issue:`32015`: Fixed the looping of asyncio in the case of reconnection the" +" socket during waiting async read/write from/to the socket." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34790 ../NEWS:38332 +msgid "" +":issue:`32011`: Restored support of loading marshal files with the " +"TYPE_INT64 code. These files can be produced in Python 2.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34793 +msgid "" +":issue:`28369`: Enhance add_reader/writer check that socket is not used by " +"some transport. Before, only cases when add_reader/writer were called with " +"an int FD were supported. Now the check is implemented correctly for all " +"file-like objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34798 +msgid "" +":issue:`31976`: Fix race condition when flushing a file is slow, which can " +"cause a segfault if closing the file from another thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34801 +msgid "" +":issue:`31985`: Formally deprecated aifc.openfp, sunau.openfp, and " +"wave.openfp. Since change 7bc817d5ba917528e8bd07ec461c635291e7b06a in 1993, " +"openfp in each of the three modules had been pointing to that module's open " +"function as a matter of backwards compatibility, though it had been both " +"untested and undocumented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34807 +msgid "" +":issue:`21862`: cProfile command line now accepts ``-m module_name`` as an " +"alternative to script path. Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34810 ../NEWS:38335 +msgid ":issue:`31970`: Reduce performance overhead of asyncio debug mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34812 +msgid "" +":issue:`31843`: *database* argument of sqlite3.connect() now accepts a " +":term:`path-like object`, instead of just a string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34815 +msgid "" +":issue:`31945`: Add Configurable *blocksize* to ``HTTPConnection`` and " +"``HTTPSConnection`` for improved upload throughput. Patch by Nir Soffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34818 +msgid "" +":issue:`31943`: Add a ``cancelled()`` method to :class:`asyncio.Handle`. " +"Patch by Marat Sharafutdinov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34821 ../NEWS:38337 +msgid "" +":issue:`9678`: Fixed determining the MAC address in the uuid module: Using " +"ifconfig on NetBSD and OpenBSD. Using arp on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD and " +"OpenBSD. Based on patch by Takayuki Shimizukawa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34825 ../NEWS:38341 +msgid ":issue:`30057`: Fix potential missed signal in signal.signal()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34827 ../NEWS:38343 +msgid "" +":issue:`31933`: Fix Blake2 params leaf_size and node_offset on big endian " +"platforms. Patch by Jack O'Connor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34830 +msgid "" +":issue:`21423`: Add an initializer argument to {Process,Thread}PoolExecutor" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34832 ../NEWS:38346 +msgid "" +":issue:`31927`: Fixed compilation of the socket module on NetBSD 8. Fixed " +"assertion failure or reading arbitrary data when parse a AF_BLUETOOTH " +"address on NetBSD and DragonFly BSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34836 ../NEWS:38350 +msgid "" +":issue:`27666`: Fixed stack corruption in curses.box() and " +"curses.ungetmouse() when the size of types chtype or mmask_t is less than " +"the size of C long. curses.box() now accepts characters as arguments. Based" +" on patch by Steve Fink." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34841 +msgid "" +":issue:`31917`: Add 3 new clock identifiers: :const:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME`, " +":const:`time.CLOCK_PROF` and :const:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34844 ../NEWS:38355 +msgid "" +":issue:`31897`: plistlib now catches more errors when read binary plists and" +" raises InvalidFileException instead of unexpected exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34847 ../NEWS:38358 +msgid "" +":issue:`25720`: Fix the method for checking pad state of curses WINDOW. " +"Patch by Masayuki Yamamoto." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34850 ../NEWS:38361 +msgid "" +":issue:`31893`: Fixed the layout of the kqueue_event structure on OpenBSD " +"and NetBSD. Fixed the comparison of the kqueue_event objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34853 ../NEWS:38364 +msgid ":issue:`31891`: Fixed building the curses module on NetBSD." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34855 +msgid "" +":issue:`31884`: added required constants to subprocess module for setting " +"priority on windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34858 +msgid "" +":issue:`28281`: Remove year (1-9999) limits on the Calendar.weekday() " +"function. Patch by Mark Gollahon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34861 +msgid "" +":issue:`31702`: crypt.mksalt() now allows to specify the number of rounds " +"for SHA-256 and SHA-512 hashing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34864 +msgid "" +":issue:`30639`: :func:`inspect.getfile` no longer computes the repr of " +"unknown objects to display in an error message, to protect against badly " +"behaved custom reprs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34868 +msgid "" +":issue:`30768`: Fix the pthread+semaphore implementation of " +"PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() when called with timeout > 0 and intr_flag=0: " +"recompute the timeout if sem_timedwait() is interrupted by a signal (EINTR)." +" See also the :pep:`475`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34873 +msgid ":issue:`31854`: Add ``mmap.ACCESS_DEFAULT`` constant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34875 +msgid "" +":issue:`31834`: Use optimized code for BLAKE2 only with SSSE3+. The pure " +"SSE2 implementation is slower than the pure C reference implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34878 +msgid "" +":issue:`28292`: Calendar.itermonthdates() will now consistently raise an " +"exception when a date falls outside of the 0001-01-01 through 9999-12-31 " +"range. To support applications that cannot tolerate such exceptions, the " +"new methods itermonthdays3() and itermonthdays4() are added. The new " +"methods return tuples and are not restricted by the range supported by " +"datetime.date." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34885 +msgid "" +":issue:`28564`: The shutil.rmtree() function has been sped up to 20--40%. " +"This was done using the os.scandir() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34888 ../NEWS:38366 +msgid "" +":issue:`28416`: Instances of pickle.Pickler subclass with the " +"persistent_id() method and pickle.Unpickler subclass with the " +"persistent_load() method no longer create reference cycles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34892 +msgid "" +":issue:`31653`: Don't release the GIL if we can acquire a multiprocessing " +"semaphore immediately." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34895 ../NEWS:38370 +msgid "" +":issue:`28326`: Fix multiprocessing.Process when stdout and/or stderr is " +"closed or None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34898 +msgid "" +":issue:`20825`: Add ``subnet_of`` and ``superset_of`` containment tests to " +":class:`ipaddress.IPv6Network` and :class:`ipaddress.IPv4Network`. Patch by " +"Michel Albert and Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34902 +msgid "" +":issue:`31827`: Remove the os.stat_float_times() function. It was introduced" +" in Python 2.3 for backward compatibility with Python 2.2, and was " +"deprecated since Python 3.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34906 +msgid "" +":issue:`31756`: Add a ``subprocess.Popen(text=False)`` keyword argument to " +"``subprocess`` functions to be more explicit about when the library should " +"attempt to decode outputs into text. Patch by Andrew Clegg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34910 +msgid ":issue:`31819`: Add AbstractEventLoop.sock_recv_into()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34912 ../NEWS:37692 ../NEWS:38373 +msgid "" +":issue:`31457`: If nested log adapters are used, the inner ``process()`` " +"methods are no longer omitted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34915 ../NEWS:38376 +msgid "" +":issue:`31457`: The ``manager`` property on LoggerAdapter objects is now " +"properly settable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34918 ../NEWS:38379 +msgid "" +":issue:`31806`: Fix timeout rounding in time.sleep(), " +"threading.Lock.acquire() and socket.socket.settimeout() to round correctly " +"negative timeouts between -1.0 and 0.0. The functions now block waiting for " +"events as expected. Previously, the call was incorrectly non-blocking. Patch" +" by Pablo Galindo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34924 +msgid "" +":issue:`31803`: time.clock() and time.get_clock_info('clock') now emit a " +"DeprecationWarning warning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34927 +msgid "" +":issue:`31800`: Extended support for parsing UTC offsets. strptime '%z' can " +"now parse the output generated by datetime.isoformat, including seconds and " +"microseconds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34931 ../NEWS:38385 +msgid "" +":issue:`28603`: traceback: Fix a TypeError that occurred during printing of " +"exception tracebacks when either the current exception or an exception in " +"its context/cause chain is unhashable. Patch by Zane Bitter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34935 +msgid "" +":issue:`30541`: Add new function to seal a mock and prevent the " +"automatically creation of child mocks. Patch by Mario Corchero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34938 +msgid "" +":issue:`31784`: Implement the :pep:`564`, add new 6 new functions with " +"nanosecond resolution to the :mod:`time` module: " +":func:`~time.clock_gettime_ns`, :func:`~time.clock_settime_ns`, " +":func:`~time.monotonic_ns`, :func:`~time.perf_counter_ns`, " +":func:`~time.process_time_ns`, :func:`~time.time_ns`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34944 +msgid "" +":issue:`30143`: 2to3 now generates a code that uses abstract collection " +"classes from collections.abc rather than collections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34947 ../NEWS:38391 +msgid "" +":issue:`31770`: Prevent a crash when calling the ``__init__()`` method of a " +"``sqlite3.Cursor`` object more than once. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34950 ../NEWS:38398 +msgid "" +":issue:`31764`: Prevent a crash in ``sqlite3.Cursor.close()`` in case the " +"``Cursor`` object is uninitialized. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34953 ../NEWS:38401 +msgid "" +":issue:`31752`: Fix possible crash in timedelta constructor called with " +"custom integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34956 ../NEWS:38410 +msgid "" +":issue:`31620`: an empty asyncio.Queue now doesn't leak memory when " +"queue.get pollers timeout" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34959 +msgid "" +":issue:`31690`: Allow the flags re.ASCII, re.LOCALE, and re.UNICODE to be " +"used as group flags for regular expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34962 +msgid "" +":issue:`30349`: FutureWarning is now emitted if a regular expression " +"contains character set constructs that will change semantically in the " +"future (nested sets and set operations)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34966 +msgid "" +":issue:`31664`: Added support for the Blowfish hashing in the crypt module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34968 ../NEWS:38413 +msgid "" +":issue:`31632`: Fix method set_protocol() of class _SSLProtocolTransport in " +"asyncio module. This method was previously modifying a wrong reference to " +"the protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34972 ../NEWS:38424 +msgid "" +":issue:`15037`: Added a workaround for getkey() in curses for ncurses 5.7 " +"and earlier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34975 +msgid "" +":issue:`31307`: Allow use of bytes objects for arguments to " +":meth:`configparser.ConfigParser.read`. Patch by Vincent Michel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34978 ../NEWS:38444 +msgid "" +":issue:`31334`: Fix ``poll.poll([timeout])`` in the ``select`` module for " +"arbitrary negative timeouts on all OSes where it can only be a non-negative " +"integer or -1. Patch by Riccardo Coccioli." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34982 ../NEWS:38448 +msgid "" +":issue:`31310`: multiprocessing's semaphore tracker should be launched again" +" if crashed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34985 ../NEWS:38451 +msgid "" +":issue:`31308`: Make multiprocessing's forkserver process immune to Ctrl-C " +"and other user interruptions. If it crashes, restart it when necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34988 +msgid "" +":issue:`31245`: Added support for AF_UNIX socket in asyncio " +"``create_datagram_endpoint``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34991 +msgid "" +":issue:`30553`: Add HTTP/2 status code 421 (Misdirected Request) to " +":class:`http.HTTPStatus`. Patch by Vitor Pereira." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:34997 ../NEWS:38457 +msgid "" +":issue:`32105`: Added asyncio.BaseEventLoop.connect_accepted_socket " +"versionadded marker." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35003 ../NEWS:38470 +msgid "" +":issue:`31380`: Skip test_httpservers test_undecodable_file on macOS: fails " +"on APFS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35006 ../NEWS:38473 +msgid "" +":issue:`31705`: Skip test_socket.test_sha256() on Linux kernel older than " +"4.5. The test fails with ENOKEY on kernel 3.10 (on ppc64le). A fix was " +"merged into the kernel 4.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35010 +msgid "" +":issue:`32138`: Skip on Android test_faulthandler tests that raise SIGSEGV " +"and remove the test.support.requires_android_level decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35013 +msgid "" +":issue:`32136`: The runtime embedding tests have been split out from " +"``Lib/test/test_capi.py`` into a new ``Lib/test/test_embed.py`` file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35016 +msgid "" +":issue:`28668`: test.support.requires_multiprocessing_queue is removed. Skip" +" tests with test.support.import_module('multiprocessing.synchronize') " +"instead when the semaphore implementation is broken or missing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35020 +msgid "" +":issue:`32126`: Skip test_get_event_loop_new_process in " +"test.test_asyncio.test_events when sem_open() is not functional." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35023 ../NEWS:38477 +msgid "" +":issue:`31174`: Fix test_tools.test_unparse: DirectoryTestCase now stores " +"the names sample to always test the same files. It prevents false alarms " +"when hunting reference leaks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35030 +msgid "" +":issue:`28538`: Revert the previous changes, the if_nameindex structure is " +"defined by Unified Headers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35033 +msgid "" +":issue:`28762`: Revert the last commit, the F_LOCK macro is defined by " +"Android Unified Headers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35036 +msgid "" +":issue:`29040`: Support building Android with Unified Headers. The first NDK" +" release to support Unified Headers is android-ndk-r14." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35039 ../NEWS:38487 +msgid "" +":issue:`32059`: ``detect_modules()`` in ``setup.py`` now also searches the " +"sysroot paths when cross-compiling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35042 ../NEWS:38490 +msgid "" +":issue:`31957`: Fixes Windows SDK version detection when building for " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35044 ../NEWS:38492 +msgid ":issue:`31609`: Fixes quotes in PCbuild/clean.bat" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35046 ../NEWS:38494 +msgid "" +":issue:`31934`: Abort the build when building out of a not clean source " +"tree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35048 ../NEWS:38496 +msgid "" +":issue:`31926`: Fixed Argument Clinic sometimes causing compilation errors " +"when there was more than one function and/or method in a .c file with the " +"same name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35052 ../NEWS:38500 +msgid ":issue:`28791`: Update Windows builds to use SQLite 3.21.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35054 ../NEWS:38502 +msgid ":issue:`28791`: Update OS X installer to use SQLite 3.21.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35056 +msgid ":issue:`28643`: Record profile-opt build progress with stamp files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35058 +msgid ":issue:`31866`: Finish removing support for AtheOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35063 ../NEWS:38512 +msgid "" +":issue:`1102`: Return ``None`` when ``View.Fetch()`` returns " +"``ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS`` instead of raising ``MSIError``. Initial patch by " +"Anthony Tuininga." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35067 ../NEWS:38516 +msgid ":issue:`31944`: Fixes Modify button in Apps and Features dialog." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35069 +msgid "" +":issue:`20486`: Implement the ``Database.Close()`` method to help closing " +"MSI database objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35072 +msgid "" +":issue:`31857`: Make the behavior of USE_STACKCHECK deterministic in a " +"multi-threaded environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35078 ../NEWS:38521 +msgid ":issue:`31392`: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 1.0.2m" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35083 ../NEWS:38526 +msgid "" +":issue:`32207`: Improve tk event exception tracebacks in IDLE. When tk event" +" handling is driven by IDLE's run loop, a confusing and distracting " +"queue.EMPTY traceback context is no longer added to tk event exception " +"tracebacks. The traceback is now the same as when event handling is driven " +"by user code. Patch based on a suggestion by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35089 ../NEWS:38532 +msgid "" +":issue:`32164`: Delete unused file idlelib/tabbedpages.py. Use of " +"TabbedPageSet in configdialog was replaced by ttk.Notebook." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35092 ../NEWS:38535 +msgid "" +":issue:`32100`: IDLE: Fix old and new bugs in pathbrowser; improve tests. " +"Patch mostly by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35095 ../NEWS:38538 +msgid "" +":issue:`31858`: IDLE -- Restrict shell prompt manipulation to the shell. " +"Editor and output windows only see an empty last prompt line. This " +"simplifies the code and fixes a minor bug when newline is inserted. Sys.ps1," +" if present, is read on Shell start-up, but is not set or changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35100 ../NEWS:38543 +msgid "" +":issue:`31860`: The font sample in the IDLE configuration dialog is now " +"editable. Changes persist while IDLE remains open" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35103 ../NEWS:38546 +msgid "" +":issue:`31836`: Test_code_module now passes if run after test_idle, which " +"sets ps1. The code module uses sys.ps1 if present or sets it to '>>> ' if " +"not. Test_code_module now properly tests both behaviors. Ditto for ps2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35107 ../NEWS:38550 +msgid "" +":issue:`28603`: Fix a TypeError that caused a shell restart when printing a " +"traceback that includes an exception that is unhashable. Patch by Zane " +"Bitter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35111 +msgid "" +":issue:`13802`: Use non-Latin characters in the IDLE's Font settings sample." +" Even if one selects a font that defines a limited subset of the unicode " +"Basic Multilingual Plane, tcl/tk will use other fonts that define a " +"character. The expanded example give users of non-Latin characters a better " +"idea of what they might see in IDLE's shell and editors. To make room for " +"the expanded sample, frames on the Font tab are re-arranged. The Font/Tabs " +"help explains a bit about the additions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35122 +msgid "" +":issue:`32159`: Remove CVS and Subversion tools: remove svneol.py and " +"treesync.py scripts. CPython migrated from CVS to Subversion, to Mercurial, " +"and then to Git. CVS and Subversion are no longer used to develop CPython." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35127 ../NEWS:38589 +msgid "" +":issue:`30722`: Make redemo work with Python 3.6 and newer versions. Also, " +"remove the ``LOCALE`` option since it doesn't work with string patterns in " +"Python 3. Patch by Christoph Sarnowski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35134 ../NEWS:38596 +msgid "" +":issue:`20891`: Fix PyGILState_Ensure(). When PyGILState_Ensure() is called " +"in a non-Python thread before PyEval_InitThreads(), only call " +"PyEval_InitThreads() after calling PyThreadState_New() to fix a crash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35138 +msgid "" +":issue:`32125`: The ``Py_UseClassExceptionsFlag`` flag has been removed. It " +"was deprecated and wasn't used anymore since Python 2.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35141 +msgid "" +":issue:`25612`: Move the current exception state from the frame object to " +"the co-routine. This simplifies the interpreter and fixes a couple of " +"obscure bugs caused by having swap exception state when entering or exiting " +"a generator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35146 +msgid "" +":issue:`23699`: Add Py_RETURN_RICHCOMPARE macro to reduce boilerplate code " +"in rich comparison functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35149 ../NEWS:38603 +msgid "" +":issue:`30697`: The ``PyExc_RecursionErrorInst`` singleton is removed and " +"``PyErr_NormalizeException()`` does not use it anymore. This singleton is " +"persistent and its members being never cleared may cause a segfault during " +"finalization of the interpreter. See also :issue:`22898`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35156 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 alpha 2" + +#: ../NEWS:35158 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-10-16*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-10-16*" + +#: ../NEWS:35163 +msgid "" +":issue:`31558`: ``gc.freeze()`` is a new API that allows for moving all " +"objects currently tracked by the garbage collector to a permanent " +"generation, effectively removing them from future collection events. This " +"can be used to protect those objects from having their PyGC_Head mutated. In" +" effect, this enables great copy-on-write stability at fork()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35169 ../NEWS:38239 +msgid "" +":issue:`31642`: Restored blocking \"from package import module\" by setting " +"sys.modules[\"package.module\"] to None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35172 +msgid "" +":issue:`31708`: Allow use of asynchronous generator expressions in " +"synchronous functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35175 +msgid ":issue:`31709`: Drop support of asynchronous __aiter__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35177 +msgid "" +":issue:`30404`: The -u option now makes the stdout and stderr streams " +"unbuffered rather than line-buffered." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35180 ../NEWS:38245 +msgid "" +":issue:`31619`: Fixed a ValueError when convert a string with large number " +"of underscores to integer with binary base." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35183 +msgid "" +":issue:`31602`: Fix an assertion failure in ``zipimporter.get_source()`` in " +"case of a bad ``zlib.decompress()``. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35186 ../NEWS:38248 +msgid "" +":issue:`31592`: Fixed an assertion failure in Python parser in case of a bad" +" ``unicodedata.normalize()``. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35189 ../NEWS:38251 +msgid "" +":issue:`31588`: Raise a ``TypeError`` with a helpful error message when " +"class creation fails due to a metaclass with a bad ``__prepare__()`` method." +" Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35193 +msgid "" +":issue:`31574`: Importlib was instrumented with two dtrace probes to profile" +" import timing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35196 ../NEWS:38255 +msgid "" +":issue:`31566`: Fix an assertion failure in ``_warnings.warn()`` in case of " +"a bad ``__name__`` global. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35199 +msgid "" +":issue:`31506`: Improved the error message logic for ``object.__new__`` and " +"``object.__init__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35202 ../NEWS:38258 +msgid "" +":issue:`31505`: Fix an assertion failure in ``json``, in case " +"``_json.make_encoder()`` received a bad ``encoder()`` argument. Patch by " +"Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35206 ../NEWS:38262 +msgid "" +":issue:`31492`: Fix assertion failures in case of failing to import from a " +"module with a bad ``__name__`` attribute, and in case of failing to access " +"an attribute of such a module. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35210 ../NEWS:38270 +msgid "" +":issue:`31478`: Fix an assertion failure in ``_random.Random.seed()`` in " +"case the argument has a bad ``__abs__()`` method. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35213 +msgid "" +":issue:`31336`: Speed up class creation by 10-20% by reducing the overhead " +"in the necessary special method lookups. Patch by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35216 +msgid "" +":issue:`31415`: Add ``-X importtime`` option to show how long each import " +"takes. It can be used to optimize application's startup time. Support the " +":envvar:`PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME` as an equivalent way to enable this." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35220 +msgid ":issue:`31410`: Optimized calling wrapper and classmethod descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35222 +msgid "" +":issue:`31353`: :pep:`553` - Add a new built-in called ``breakpoint()`` " +"which calls ``sys.breakpointhook()``. By default this imports ``pdb`` and " +"calls ``pdb.set_trace()``, but users may override ``sys.breakpointhook()`` " +"to call whatever debugger they want. The original value of the hook is " +"saved in ``sys.__breakpointhook__``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35228 +msgid "" +":issue:`17852`: Maintain a list of open buffered files, flush them before " +"exiting the interpreter. Based on a patch from Armin Rigo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35231 ../NEWS:38273 +msgid "" +":issue:`31315`: Fix an assertion failure in imp.create_dynamic(), when " +"spec.name is not a string. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35234 ../NEWS:38276 +msgid "" +":issue:`31311`: Fix a crash in the ``__setstate__()`` method of " +"``ctypes._CData``, in case of a bad ``__dict__``. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35237 ../NEWS:38279 +msgid "" +":issue:`31293`: Fix crashes in true division and multiplication of a " +"timedelta object by a float with a bad as_integer_ratio() method. Patch by " +"Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35241 ../NEWS:38283 +msgid "" +":issue:`31285`: Fix an assertion failure in ``warnings.warn_explicit``, when" +" the return value of the received loader's ``get_source()`` has a bad " +"``splitlines()`` method. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35245 +msgid "" +":issue:`30406`: Make ``async`` and ``await`` proper keywords, as specified " +"in :pep:`492`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35251 ../NEWS:38389 +msgid ":issue:`30058`: Fixed buffer overflow in select.kqueue.control()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35253 ../NEWS:38394 +msgid "" +":issue:`31672`: ``idpattern`` in ``string.Template`` matched some non-ASCII " +"characters. Now it uses ``-i`` regular expression local flag to avoid non-" +"ASCII characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35257 ../NEWS:38404 +msgid "" +":issue:`31701`: On Windows, faulthandler.enable() now ignores MSC and COM " +"exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35260 ../NEWS:38407 +msgid "" +":issue:`31728`: Prevent crashes in ``_elementtree`` due to unsafe cleanup of" +" ``Element.text`` and ``Element.tail``. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35263 +msgid "" +":issue:`31671`: Now ``re.compile()`` converts passed RegexFlag to normal int" +" object before compiling. bm_regex_compile benchmark shows 14% performance " +"improvements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35267 +msgid "" +":issue:`30397`: The types of compiled regular objects and match objects are " +"now exposed as ``re.Pattern`` and ``re.Match``. This adds information in " +"pydoc output for the ``re`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35271 ../NEWS:38417 +msgid "" +":issue:`31675`: Fixed memory leaks in Tkinter's methods splitlist() and " +"split() when pass a string larger than 2 GiB." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35274 ../NEWS:38420 +msgid "" +":issue:`31673`: Fixed typo in the name of Tkinter's method adderrorinfo()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35276 +msgid "" +":issue:`31648`: Improvements to path predicates in ElementTree: Allow " +"whitespace around predicate parts, i.e. \"[a = 'text']\" instead of " +"requiring the less readable \"[a='text']\". Add support for text comparison " +"of the current node, like \"[.='text']\". Patch by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35281 ../NEWS:38422 +msgid ":issue:`30806`: Fix the string representation of a netrc object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35283 +msgid "" +":issue:`31638`: Add optional argument ``compressed`` to " +"``zipapp.create_archive``, and add option ``--compress`` to the command line" +" interface of ``zipapp``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35287 ../NEWS:38427 +msgid ":issue:`25351`: Avoid venv activate failures with undefined variables" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35289 +msgid "" +":issue:`20519`: Avoid ctypes use (if possible) and improve import time for " +"uuid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35292 +msgid "" +":issue:`28293`: The regular expression cache is no longer completely dumped " +"when it is full." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35295 +msgid ":issue:`31596`: Added pthread_getcpuclockid() to the time module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35297 +msgid "" +":issue:`27494`: Make 2to3 accept a trailing comma in generator expressions. " +"For example, ``set(x for x in [],)`` is now allowed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35300 ../NEWS:38433 +msgid "" +":issue:`30347`: Stop crashes when concurrently iterate over " +"itertools.groupby() iterators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35303 +msgid "" +":issue:`30346`: An iterator produced by itertools.groupby() iterator now " +"becomes exhausted after advancing the groupby iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35306 +msgid ":issue:`31556`: Cancel asyncio.wait_for future faster if timeout <= 0" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35308 +msgid "" +":issue:`31540`: Allow passing a context object in " +":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` constructor. Also, free job " +"resources in :class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` earlier to " +"improve memory usage when a worker waits for new jobs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35313 ../NEWS:38436 +msgid "" +":issue:`31516`: ``threading.current_thread()`` should not return a dummy " +"thread at shutdown." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35316 +msgid "" +":issue:`31525`: In the sqlite module, require the sqlite3_prepare_v2 API. " +"Thus, the sqlite module now requires sqlite version at least 3.3.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35319 +msgid "" +":issue:`26510`: argparse subparsers are now required by default. This " +"matches behaviour in Python 2. For optional subparsers, use the new " +"parameter ``add_subparsers(required=False)``. Patch by Anthony Sottile. (As " +"of 3.7.0rc1, the default was changed to not required as had been the case " +"since Python 3.3.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35325 +msgid "" +":issue:`27541`: Reprs of subclasses of some collection and iterator classes " +"(``bytearray``, ``array.array``, ``collections.deque``, " +"``collections.defaultdict``, ``itertools.count``, ``itertools.repeat``) now " +"contain actual type name instead of hardcoded names of the base class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35330 ../NEWS:38439 +msgid "" +":issue:`31351`: python -m ensurepip now exits with non-zero exit code if pip" +" bootstrapping has failed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35333 +msgid "" +":issue:`31389`: ``pdb.set_trace()`` now takes an optional keyword-only " +"argument ``header``. If given, this is printed to the console just before " +"debugging begins." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35340 ../NEWS:38460 +msgid "" +":issue:`31537`: Fix incorrect usage of ``get_history_length`` in readline " +"documentation example code. Patch by Brad Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35343 ../NEWS:38463 +msgid "" +":issue:`30085`: The operator functions without double underscores are " +"preferred for clarity. The one with underscores are only kept for back-" +"compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35350 +msgid "" +":issue:`31696`: Improve compiler version information in :data:`sys.version` " +"when Python is built with Clang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35353 +msgid "" +":issue:`31625`: Stop using ranlib on static libraries. Instead, we assume ar" +" supports the 's' flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35356 +msgid ":issue:`31624`: Remove support for BSD/OS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35358 ../NEWS:38504 +msgid "" +":issue:`22140`: Prevent double substitution of prefix in python-config.sh." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35360 +msgid "" +":issue:`31569`: Correct PCBuild/ case to PCbuild/ in build scripts and " +"documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35363 ../NEWS:38506 +msgid "" +":issue:`31536`: Avoid wholesale rebuild after ``make regen-all`` if nothing " +"changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35369 ../NEWS:38562 +msgid "" +":issue:`31460`: Simplify the API of IDLE's Module Browser. Passing a widget " +"instead of an flist with a root widget opens the option of creating a " +"browser frame that is only part of a window. Passing a full file name " +"instead of pieces assumed to come from a .py file opens the possibility of " +"browsing python files that do not end in .py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35375 ../NEWS:38568 +msgid ":issue:`31649`: IDLE - Make _htest, _utest parameters keyword only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35377 ../NEWS:38570 +msgid "" +":issue:`31559`: Remove test order dependence in idle_test.test_browser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35379 ../NEWS:38572 +msgid "" +":issue:`31459`: Rename IDLE's module browser from Class Browser to Module " +"Browser. The original module-level class and method browser became a module " +"browser, with the addition of module-level functions, years ago. Nested " +"classes and functions were added yesterday. For back-compatibility, the " +"virtual event <>, which appears on the Keys tab of the " +"Settings dialog, is not changed. Patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35387 ../NEWS:38580 +msgid ":issue:`31500`: Default fonts now are scaled on HiDPI displays." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35389 ../NEWS:38582 +msgid "" +":issue:`1612262`: IDLE module browser now shows nested classes and " +"functions. Original patches for code and tests by Guilherme Polo and Cheryl " +"Sabella, respectively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35396 +msgid "" +":issue:`28280`: Make ``PyMapping_Keys()``, ``PyMapping_Values()`` and " +"``PyMapping_Items()`` always return a ``list`` (rather than a ``list`` or a " +"``tuple``). Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35400 ../NEWS:38600 +msgid "" +":issue:`31532`: Fix memory corruption due to allocator mix in getpath.c " +"between Py_GetPath() and Py_SetPath()" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35403 +msgid "" +":issue:`25658`: Implement :pep:`539` for Thread Specific Storage (TSS) API: " +"it is a new Thread Local Storage (TLS) API to CPython which would supersede " +"use of the existing TLS API within the CPython interpreter, while " +"deprecating the existing API. PEP written by Erik M. Bray, patch by Masayuki" +" Yamamoto." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35411 +msgid "Python 3.7.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "Python 3.7.0 alpha 1" + +#: ../NEWS:35413 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-09-19*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-09-19*" + +#: ../NEWS:35418 ../NEWS:38638 +msgid "" +":issue:`29781`: SSLObject.version() now correctly returns None when " +"handshake over BIO has not been performed yet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35421 +msgid "" +":issue:`29505`: Add fuzz tests for float(str), int(str), unicode(str); for " +"oss-fuzz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35424 ../NEWS:38641 ../NEWS:42988 +msgid "" +":issue:`30947`: Upgrade libexpat embedded copy from version 2.2.1 to 2.2.3 " +"to get security fixes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35427 ../NEWS:39102 ../NEWS:43030 +msgid "" +":issue:`30730`: Prevent environment variables injection in subprocess on " +"Windows. Prevent passing other environment variables and command arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35431 ../NEWS:39106 ../NEWS:43034 +msgid "" +":issue:`30694`: Upgrade expat copy from 2.2.0 to 2.2.1 to get fixes of " +"multiple security vulnerabilities including: :cve:`2017-9233` (External " +"entity infinite loop DoS), :cve:`2016-9063` (Integer overflow, re-fix), " +":cve:`2016-0718` (Fix regression bugs from 2.2.0's fix to :cve:`2016-0718`) " +"and :cve:`2012-0876` (Counter hash flooding with SipHash). Note: the " +":cve:`2016-5300` (Use os-specific entropy sources like getrandom) doesn't " +"impact Python, since Python already gets entropy from the OS to set the " +"expat secret using ``XML_SetHashSalt()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35440 ../NEWS:39115 ../NEWS:43043 +msgid "" +":issue:`30500`: Fix urllib.parse.splithost() to correctly parse fragments. " +"For example, ``splithost('//127.0.0.1#@evil.com/')`` now correctly returns " +"the ``127.0.0.1`` host, instead of treating ``@evil.com`` as the host in an " +"authentication (``login@host``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35445 ../NEWS:39129 ../NEWS:43048 +msgid "" +":issue:`29591`: Update expat copy from 2.1.1 to 2.2.0 to get fixes of " +":cve:`2016-0718` and :cve:`2016-4472`. See " +"https://sourceforge.net/p/expat/bugs/537/ for more information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35452 ../NEWS:38266 +msgid "" +":issue:`31490`: Fix an assertion failure in ``ctypes`` class definition, in " +"case the class has an attribute whose name is specified in ``_anonymous_`` " +"but not in ``_fields_``. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35456 ../NEWS:38647 +msgid "" +":issue:`31471`: Fix an assertion failure in ``subprocess.Popen()`` on " +"Windows, in case the env argument has a bad ``keys()`` method. Patch by Oren" +" Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35460 ../NEWS:38651 +msgid "" +":issue:`31418`: Fix an assertion failure in ``PyErr_WriteUnraisable()`` in " +"case of an exception with a bad ``__module__`` attribute. Patch by Oren " +"Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35463 ../NEWS:38654 +msgid "" +":issue:`31416`: Fix assertion failures in case of a bad warnings.filters or " +"warnings.defaultaction. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35466 +msgid "" +":issue:`28411`: Change direct usage of PyInterpreterState.modules to " +"PyImport_GetModuleDict(). Also introduce more uniformity in other code that " +"deals with sys.modules. This helps reduce complications when working on " +"sys.modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35471 +msgid "" +":issue:`28411`: Switch to the abstract API when dealing with " +"``PyInterpreterState.modules``. This allows later support for all dict " +"subclasses and other Mapping implementations. Also add a " +"``PyImport_GetModule()`` function to reduce a bunch of duplicated code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35476 ../NEWS:38657 +msgid "" +":issue:`31411`: Raise a TypeError instead of SystemError in case " +"warnings.onceregistry is not a dictionary. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35479 +msgid "" +":issue:`31344`: For finer control of tracing behaviour when testing the " +"interpreter, two new frame attributes have been added to control the " +"emission of particular trace events: ``f_trace_lines`` (``True`` by default)" +" to turn off per-line trace events; and ``f_trace_opcodes`` (``False`` by " +"default) to turn on per-opcode trace events." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35485 ../NEWS:38660 +msgid "" +":issue:`31373`: Fix several possible instances of undefined behavior due to " +"floating-point demotions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35488 ../NEWS:38663 +msgid "" +":issue:`30465`: Location information (``lineno`` and ``col_offset``) in " +"f-strings is now (mostly) correct. This fixes tools like flake8 from " +"showing warnings on the wrong line (typically the first line of the file)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35492 +msgid "" +":issue:`30860`: Consolidate CPython's global runtime state under a single " +"struct. This improves discoverability of the runtime state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35495 +msgid "" +":issue:`31347`: Fix possible undefined behavior in " +"_PyObject_FastCall_Prepend." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35497 ../NEWS:38667 +msgid "" +":issue:`31343`: Include sys/sysmacros.h for major(), minor(), and makedev()." +" GNU C libray plans to remove the functions from sys/types.h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35500 ../NEWS:38670 +msgid "" +":issue:`31291`: Fix an assertion failure in " +"``zipimport.zipimporter.get_data`` on Windows, when the return value of " +"``pathname.replace('/','\\\\')`` isn't a string. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35504 ../NEWS:38674 +msgid "" +":issue:`31271`: Fix an assertion failure in the ``write()`` method of " +"``io.TextIOWrapper``, when the encoder doesn't return a bytes object. Patch " +"by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35508 ../NEWS:38678 +msgid "" +":issue:`31243`: Fix a crash in some methods of ``io.TextIOWrapper``, when " +"the decoder's state is invalid. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35511 ../NEWS:38681 +msgid "" +":issue:`30721`: ``print`` now shows correct usage hint for using Python 2 " +"redirection syntax. Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35514 ../NEWS:38684 +msgid ":issue:`31070`: Fix a race condition in importlib _get_module_lock()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35516 +msgid "" +":issue:`30747`: Add a non-dummy implementation of _Py_atomic_store and " +"_Py_atomic_load on MSVC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35519 ../NEWS:38686 ../NEWS:42994 +msgid "" +":issue:`31095`: Fix potential crash during GC caused by ``tp_dealloc`` which" +" doesn't call ``PyObject_GC_UnTrack()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35522 ../NEWS:38689 +msgid "" +":issue:`31071`: Avoid masking original TypeError in call with * unpacking " +"when other arguments are passed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35525 ../NEWS:38692 +msgid "" +":issue:`30978`: str.format_map() now passes key lookup exceptions through. " +"Previously any exception was replaced with a KeyError exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35528 ../NEWS:38695 +msgid "" +":issue:`30808`: Use _Py_atomic API for concurrency-sensitive signal state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35530 ../NEWS:38697 ../NEWS:43055 +msgid "" +":issue:`30876`: Relative import from unloaded package now reimports the " +"package instead of failing with SystemError. Relative import from non-" +"package now fails with ImportError rather than SystemError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35534 ../NEWS:38701 +msgid "" +":issue:`30703`: Improve signal delivery. Avoid using Py_AddPendingCall from " +"signal handler, to avoid calling signal-unsafe functions. The tests I'm " +"adding here fail without the rest of the patch, on Linux and OS X. This " +"means our signal delivery logic had defects (some signals could be lost)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35539 ../NEWS:38706 ../NEWS:43059 +msgid "" +":issue:`30765`: Avoid blocking in pthread_mutex_lock() when " +"PyThread_acquire_lock() is asked not to block." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35542 ../NEWS:38709 +msgid "" +":issue:`31161`: Make sure the 'Missing parentheses' syntax error message is " +"only applied to SyntaxError, not to subclasses. Patch by Martijn Pieters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35545 ../NEWS:38712 +msgid "" +":issue:`30814`: Fixed a race condition when import a submodule from a " +"package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35547 +msgid "" +":issue:`30736`: The internal unicodedata database has been upgraded to " +"Unicode 10.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35550 +msgid "" +":issue:`30604`: Move co_extra_freefuncs from per-thread to per-interpreter " +"to avoid crashes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35553 ../NEWS:38714 +msgid "" +":issue:`30597`: ``print`` now shows expected input in custom error message " +"when used as a Python 2 statement. Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35556 ../NEWS:39136 +msgid "" +":issue:`30682`: Removed a too-strict assertion that failed for certain " +"f-strings, such as eval(\"f'\\\\\\n'\") and eval(\"f'\\\\\\r'\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35559 +msgid "" +":issue:`30501`: The compiler now produces more optimal code for complex " +"condition expressions in the \"if\", \"while\" and \"assert\" statement, the" +" \"if\" expression, and generator expressions and comprehensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35563 +msgid "" +":issue:`28180`: Implement :pep:`538` (legacy C locale coercion). This means " +"that when a suitable coercion target locale is available, both the core " +"interpreter and locale-aware C extensions will assume the use of UTF-8 as " +"the default text encoding, rather than ASCII." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35568 +msgid "" +":issue:`30486`: Allows setting cell values for __closure__. Patch by Lisa " +"Roach." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35571 +msgid "" +":issue:`30537`: itertools.islice now accepts integer-like objects (having an" +" __index__ method) as start, stop, and slice arguments" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35574 +msgid "" +":issue:`25324`: Tokens needed for parsing in Python moved to C. ``COMMENT``," +" ``NL`` and ``ENCODING``. This way the tokens and tok_names in the token " +"module don't get changed when you import the tokenize module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35578 ../NEWS:39141 +msgid ":issue:`29104`: Fixed parsing backslashes in f-strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35580 ../NEWS:39143 ../NEWS:43062 +msgid "" +":issue:`27945`: Fixed various segfaults with dict when input collections are" +" mutated during searching, inserting or comparing. Based on patches by " +"Duane Griffin and Tim Mitchell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35584 ../NEWS:39147 ../NEWS:43066 +msgid "" +":issue:`25794`: Fixed type.__setattr__() and type.__delattr__() for non-" +"interned attribute names. Based on patch by Eryk Sun." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35587 ../NEWS:39150 +msgid "" +":issue:`30039`: If a KeyboardInterrupt happens when the interpreter is in " +"the middle of resuming a chain of nested 'yield from' or 'await' calls, it's" +" now correctly delivered to the innermost frame." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35591 +msgid "" +":issue:`28974`: ``object.__format__(x, '')`` is now equivalent to ``str(x)``" +" rather than ``format(str(self), '')``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35594 +msgid "" +":issue:`30024`: Circular imports involving absolute imports with binding a " +"submodule to a name are now supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35597 ../NEWS:39154 +msgid "" +":issue:`12414`: sys.getsizeof() on a code object now returns the sizes which" +" includes the code struct and sizes of objects which it references. Patch by" +" Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35601 +msgid "" +":issue:`29839`: len() now raises ValueError rather than OverflowError if " +"__len__() returned a large negative integer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35604 +msgid "" +":issue:`11913`: README.rst is now included in the list of distutils standard" +" READMEs and therefore included in source distributions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35607 +msgid "" +":issue:`29914`: Fixed default implementations of __reduce__ and " +"__reduce_ex__(). object.__reduce__() no longer takes arguments, " +"object.__reduce_ex__() now requires one argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35611 ../NEWS:39158 +msgid "" +":issue:`29949`: Fix memory usage regression of set and frozenset object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35613 ../NEWS:39160 ../NEWS:43069 +msgid "" +":issue:`29935`: Fixed error messages in the index() method of tuple, list " +"and deque when pass indices of wrong type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35616 +msgid "" +":issue:`29816`: Shift operation now has less opportunity to raise " +"OverflowError. ValueError always is raised rather than OverflowError for " +"negative counts. Shifting zero with non-negative count always returns zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35621 +msgid "" +":issue:`24821`: Fixed the slowing down to 25 times in the searching of some " +"unlucky Unicode characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35624 +msgid "" +":issue:`29102`: Add a unique ID to PyInterpreterState. This makes it easier" +" to identify each subinterpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35627 +msgid "" +":issue:`29894`: The deprecation warning is emitted if __complex__ returns an" +" instance of a strict subclass of complex. In a future versions of Python " +"this can be an error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35631 ../NEWS:39163 +msgid "" +":issue:`29859`: Show correct error messages when any of the pthread_* calls " +"in thread_pthread.h fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35634 +msgid "" +":issue:`29849`: Fix a memory leak when an ImportError is raised during from " +"import." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35637 ../NEWS:39171 +msgid "" +":issue:`28856`: Fix an oversight that %b format for bytes should support " +"objects follow the buffer protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35640 ../NEWS:39478 +msgid "" +":issue:`29723`: The ``sys.path[0]`` initialization change for :issue:`29139`" +" caused a regression by revealing an inconsistency in how sys.path is " +"initialized when executing ``__main__`` from a zipfile, directory, or other " +"import location. The interpreter now consistently avoids ever adding the " +"import location's parent directory to ``sys.path``, and ensures no other " +"``sys.path`` entries are inadvertently modified when inserting the import " +"location named on the command line." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35648 +msgid "" +":issue:`29568`: Escaped percent \"%%\" in the format string for classic " +"string formatting no longer allows any characters between two percents." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35651 ../NEWS:39174 +msgid "" +":issue:`29714`: Fix a regression that bytes format may fail when containing " +"zero bytes inside." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35654 +msgid "" +":issue:`29695`: bool(), float(), list() and tuple() no longer take keyword " +"arguments. The first argument of int() can now be passes only as positional " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35658 ../NEWS:39502 +msgid "" +":issue:`28893`: Set correct __cause__ for errors about invalid awaitables " +"returned from __aiter__ and __anext__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35661 ../NEWS:39166 ../NEWS:43072 +msgid "" +":issue:`28876`: ``bool(range)`` works even if ``len(range)`` raises " +":exc:`OverflowError`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35664 ../NEWS:39505 +msgid "" +":issue:`29683`: Fixes to memory allocation in _PyCode_SetExtra. Patch by " +"Brian Coleman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35667 ../NEWS:39508 +msgid "" +":issue:`29684`: Fix minor regression of PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords. It " +"should raise TypeError when kwargs is not a dict. But it might cause segv " +"when args=NULL and kwargs is not a dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35671 ../NEWS:39512 ../NEWS:43083 +msgid "" +":issue:`28598`: Support __rmod__ for subclasses of str being called before " +"str.__mod__. Patch by Martijn Pieters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35674 ../NEWS:39515 +msgid "" +":issue:`29607`: Fix stack_effect computation for CALL_FUNCTION_EX. Patch by " +"Matthieu Dartiailh." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35677 ../NEWS:39518 ../NEWS:43086 +msgid "" +":issue:`29602`: Fix incorrect handling of signed zeros in complex " +"constructor for complex subclasses and for inputs having a __complex__ " +"method. Patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35681 ../NEWS:39522 ../NEWS:43090 +msgid "" +":issue:`29347`: Fixed possibly dereferencing undefined pointers when " +"creating weakref objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35684 +msgid "" +":issue:`29463`: Add ``docstring`` field to Module, ClassDef, FunctionDef, " +"and AsyncFunctionDef ast nodes. docstring is not first stmt in their body " +"anymore. It affects ``co_firstlineno`` and ``co_lnotab`` of code object for" +" module and class. (Reverted in :issue:`32911`.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35689 ../NEWS:39525 ../NEWS:43093 +msgid ":issue:`29438`: Fixed use-after-free problem in key sharing dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35691 +msgid "" +":issue:`29546`: Set the 'path' and 'name' attribute on ImportError for " +"``from ... import ...``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35694 +msgid ":issue:`29546`: Improve from-import error message with location" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35696 ../NEWS:39177 ../NEWS:43100 +msgid "" +":issue:`29478`: If max_line_length=None is specified while using the " +"Compat32 policy, it is no longer ignored. Patch by Mircea Cosbuc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35699 ../NEWS:39527 ../NEWS:43095 +msgid ":issue:`29319`: Prevent RunMainFromImporter overwriting sys.path[0]." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35701 ../NEWS:39529 ../NEWS:43097 +msgid "" +":issue:`29337`: Fixed possible BytesWarning when compare the code objects. " +"Warnings could be emitted at compile time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35704 ../NEWS:39532 +msgid "" +":issue:`29327`: Fixed a crash when pass the iterable keyword argument to " +"sorted()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35707 ../NEWS:39535 +msgid "" +":issue:`29034`: Fix memory leak and use-after-free in os module " +"(path_converter)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35710 ../NEWS:39538 +msgid "" +":issue:`29159`: Fix regression in bytes(x) when x.__index__() raises " +"Exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35712 +msgid "" +":issue:`29049`: Call _PyObject_GC_TRACK() lazily when calling Python " +"function. Calling function is up to 5% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35715 +msgid "" +":issue:`28927`: bytes.fromhex() and bytearray.fromhex() now ignore all ASCII" +" whitespace, not only spaces. Patch by Robert Xiao." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35718 ../NEWS:39540 ../NEWS:43458 +msgid ":issue:`28932`: Do not include if it does not exist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35720 ../NEWS:39542 ../NEWS:43463 +msgid "" +":issue:`25677`: Correct the positioning of the syntax error caret for " +"indented blocks. Based on patch by Michael Layzell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35723 ../NEWS:39545 ../NEWS:43466 +msgid "" +":issue:`29000`: Fixed bytes formatting of octals with zero padding in " +"alternate form." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35726 +msgid "" +":issue:`18896`: Python function can now have more than 255 parameters. " +"collections.namedtuple() now supports tuples with more than 255 elements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35729 +msgid "" +":issue:`28596`: The preferred encoding is UTF-8 on Android. Patch written by" +" Chi Hsuan Yen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35732 +msgid ":issue:`22257`: Clean up interpreter startup (see :pep:`432`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35734 ../NEWS:39548 +msgid "" +":issue:`26919`: On Android, operating system data is now always " +"encoded/decoded to/from UTF-8, instead of the locale encoding to avoid " +"inconsistencies with os.fsencode() and os.fsdecode() which are already using" +" UTF-8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35738 ../NEWS:39552 +msgid "" +":issue:`28991`: functools.lru_cache() was susceptible to an obscure " +"reentrancy bug triggerable by a monkey-patched len() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35741 ../NEWS:39826 +msgid "" +":issue:`28147`: Fix a memory leak in split-table dictionaries: setattr() " +"must not convert combined table into split table. Patch written by INADA " +"Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35744 ../NEWS:39555 +msgid "" +":issue:`28739`: f-string expressions are no longer accepted as docstrings " +"and by ast.literal_eval() even if they do not include expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35747 ../NEWS:39558 ../NEWS:43469 +msgid "" +":issue:`28512`: Fixed setting the offset attribute of SyntaxError by " +"PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx() and PyErr_SyntaxLocationObject()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35750 ../NEWS:39561 +msgid "" +":issue:`28918`: Fix the cross compilation of xxlimited when Python has been " +"built with Py_DEBUG defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35753 ../NEWS:39856 +msgid "" +":issue:`23722`: Rather than silently producing a class that doesn't support " +"zero-argument ``super()`` in methods, failing to pass the new " +"``__classcell__`` namespace entry up to ``type.__new__`` now results in a " +"``DeprecationWarning`` and a class that supports zero-argument ``super()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35759 ../NEWS:39862 +msgid "" +":issue:`28797`: Modifying the class __dict__ inside the __set_name__ method " +"of a descriptor that is used inside that class no longer prevents calling " +"the __set_name__ method of other descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35763 +msgid "" +":issue:`28799`: Remove the ``PyEval_GetCallStats()`` function and deprecate " +"the untested and undocumented ``sys.callstats()`` function. Remove the " +"``CALL_PROFILE`` special build: use the :func:`sys.setprofile` function, " +":mod:`cProfile` or :mod:`profile` to profile function calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35768 +msgid "" +":issue:`12844`: More than 255 arguments can now be passed to a function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35770 ../NEWS:39866 +msgid "" +":issue:`28782`: Fix a bug in the implementation ``yield from`` when checking" +" if the next instruction is YIELD_FROM. Regression introduced by WORDCODE " +"(:issue:`26647`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35774 +msgid "" +":issue:`28774`: Fix error position of the unicode error in ASCII and Latin1 " +"encoders when a string returned by the error handler contains multiple non-" +"encodable characters (non-ASCII for the ASCII codec, characters out of the " +"U+0000-U+00FF range for Latin1)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35779 ../NEWS:39564 +msgid "" +":issue:`28731`: Optimize _PyDict_NewPresized() to create correct size dict. " +"Improve speed of dict literal with constant keys up to 30%." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35782 ../NEWS:39920 +msgid ":issue:`28532`: Show sys.version when -V option is supplied twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35784 ../NEWS:39922 +msgid "" +":issue:`27100`: The with-statement now checks for __enter__ before it checks" +" for __exit__. This gives less confusing error messages when both methods " +"are missing. Patch by Jonathan Ellington." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35788 ../NEWS:39926 +msgid "" +":issue:`28746`: Fix the set_inheritable() file descriptor method on " +"platforms that do not have the ioctl FIOCLEX and FIONCLEX commands." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35791 ../NEWS:39929 +msgid "" +":issue:`26920`: Fix not getting the locale's charset upon initializing the " +"interpreter, on platforms that do not have langinfo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35794 ../NEWS:39932 ../NEWS:43475 +msgid "" +":issue:`28648`: Fixed crash in Py_DecodeLocale() in debug build on Mac OS X " +"when decode astral characters. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35797 ../NEWS:39938 +msgid ":issue:`28665`: Improve speed of the STORE_DEREF opcode by 40%." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35799 ../NEWS:39935 ../NEWS:43478 +msgid "" +":issue:`19398`: Extra slash no longer added to sys.path components in case " +"of empty compile-time PYTHONPATH components." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35802 +msgid "" +":issue:`28621`: Sped up converting int to float by reusing faster bits " +"counting implementation. Patch by Adrian Wielgosik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35805 +msgid "" +":issue:`28580`: Optimize iterating split table values. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35807 ../NEWS:39940 +msgid "" +":issue:`28583`: PyDict_SetDefault didn't combine split table when needed. " +"Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35810 ../NEWS:40034 +msgid "" +":issue:`28128`: Deprecation warning for invalid str and byte escape " +"sequences now prints better information about where the error occurs. Patch " +"by Serhiy Storchaka and Eric Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35814 ../NEWS:40038 +msgid "" +":issue:`28509`: dict.update() no longer allocate unnecessary large memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35816 ../NEWS:40040 ../NEWS:43481 +msgid "" +":issue:`28426`: Fixed potential crash in PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject() in " +"debug build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35819 ../NEWS:40043 +msgid "" +":issue:`28517`: Fixed of-by-one error in the peephole optimizer that caused " +"keeping unreachable code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35822 ../NEWS:40046 +msgid "" +":issue:`28214`: Improved exception reporting for problematic __set_name__ " +"attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35825 ../NEWS:40049 ../NEWS:43484 +msgid "" +":issue:`23782`: Fixed possible memory leak in _PyTraceback_Add() and " +"exception loss in PyTraceBack_Here()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35828 ../NEWS:40158 +msgid ":issue:`28183`: Optimize and cleanup dict iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35830 ../NEWS:40160 +msgid "" +":issue:`26081`: Added C implementation of asyncio.Future. Original patch by " +"Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35833 ../NEWS:40163 ../NEWS:43487 +msgid "" +":issue:`28379`: Added sanity checks and tests for " +"PyUnicode_CopyCharacters(). Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35836 ../NEWS:40166 ../NEWS:43490 +msgid "" +":issue:`28376`: The type of long range iterator is now registered as " +"Iterator. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35839 +msgid "" +":issue:`28376`: Creating instances of range_iterator by calling " +"range_iterator type now is disallowed. Calling iter() on range instance is " +"the only way. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35843 ../NEWS:40175 ../NEWS:43496 +msgid "" +":issue:`26906`: Resolving special methods of uninitialized type now causes " +"implicit initialization of the type instead of a fail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35846 ../NEWS:40178 ../NEWS:43499 +msgid "" +":issue:`18287`: PyType_Ready() now checks that tp_name is not NULL. Original" +" patch by Niklas Koep." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35849 ../NEWS:40181 ../NEWS:43502 +msgid "" +":issue:`24098`: Fixed possible crash when AST is changed in process of " +"compiling it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35852 ../NEWS:40184 +msgid "" +":issue:`28201`: Dict reduces possibility of 2nd conflict in hash table when " +"hashes have same lower bits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35855 ../NEWS:40187 ../NEWS:43505 +msgid "" +":issue:`28350`: String constants with null character no longer interned." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35857 ../NEWS:40189 ../NEWS:43507 +msgid ":issue:`26617`: Fix crash when GC runs during weakref callbacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35859 ../NEWS:40191 ../NEWS:43509 +msgid "" +":issue:`27942`: String constants now interned recursively in tuples and " +"frozensets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35862 +msgid "" +":issue:`28289`: ImportError.__init__ now resets not specified attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35864 ../NEWS:40194 ../NEWS:43512 +msgid "" +":issue:`21578`: Fixed misleading error message when ImportError called with " +"invalid keyword args." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35867 ../NEWS:40197 +msgid "" +":issue:`28203`: Fix incorrect type in complex(1.0, {2:3}) error message. " +"Patch by Soumya Sharma." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35870 ../NEWS:40200 +msgid "" +":issue:`28086`: Single var-positional argument of tuple subtype was passed " +"unscathed to the C-defined function. Now it is converted to exact tuple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35873 ../NEWS:40203 +msgid "" +":issue:`28214`: Now __set_name__ is looked up on the class instead of the " +"instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35876 ../NEWS:40206 ../NEWS:43518 +msgid "" +":issue:`27955`: Fallback on reading /dev/urandom device when the getrandom()" +" syscall fails with EPERM, for example when blocked by SECCOMP." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35879 ../NEWS:40209 +msgid ":issue:`28192`: Don't import readline in isolated mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35881 +msgid "" +":issue:`27441`: Remove some redundant assignments to ob_size in " +"longobject.c. Thanks Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35884 +msgid "" +":issue:`27222`: Clean up redundant code in long_rshift function. Thanks Oren" +" Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35887 ../NEWS:40211 +msgid "Upgrade internal unicode databases to Unicode version 9.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35889 ../NEWS:40213 ../NEWS:43521 +msgid "" +":issue:`28131`: Fix a regression in zipimport's compile_source(). zipimport" +" should use the same optimization level as the interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35892 ../NEWS:40216 +msgid "" +":issue:`28126`: Replace Py_MEMCPY with memcpy(). Visual Studio can properly " +"optimize memcpy()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35895 ../NEWS:40219 +msgid "" +":issue:`28120`: Fix dict.pop() for splitted dictionary when trying to remove" +" a \"pending key\" (Not yet inserted in split-table). Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35898 ../NEWS:40222 +msgid "" +":issue:`26182`: Raise DeprecationWarning when async and await keywords are " +"used as variable/attribute/class/function name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35901 ../NEWS:39947 +msgid ":issue:`26182`: Fix a refleak in code that raises DeprecationWarning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35903 ../NEWS:39949 +msgid "" +":issue:`28721`: Fix asynchronous generators aclose() and athrow() to handle " +"StopAsyncIteration propagation properly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35906 +msgid "" +":issue:`26110`: Speed-up method calls: add LOAD_METHOD and CALL_METHOD " +"opcodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35911 ../NEWS:38720 +msgid "" +":issue:`31499`: xml.etree: Fix a crash when a parser is part of a reference " +"cycle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35914 ../NEWS:38442 +msgid ":issue:`31482`: ``random.seed()`` now works with bytes in version=1" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35916 ../NEWS:38723 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: typing.get_type_hints now finds the right globalns for " +"classes and modules by default (when no ``globalns`` was specified by the " +"caller)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35919 ../NEWS:38726 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: Speed improvements to the ``typing`` module. Original PRs " +"by Ivan Levkivskyi and Mitar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35922 ../NEWS:38729 +msgid "" +":issue:`31544`: The C accelerator module of ElementTree ignored exceptions " +"raised when looking up TreeBuilder target methods in XMLParser()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35925 ../NEWS:38732 +msgid "" +":issue:`31234`: socket.create_connection() now fixes manually a reference " +"cycle: clear the variable storing the last exception on success." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35928 ../NEWS:38735 +msgid ":issue:`31457`: LoggerAdapter objects can now be nested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35930 +msgid "" +":issue:`31431`: SSLContext.check_hostname now automatically sets " +"SSLContext.verify_mode to ssl.CERT_REQUIRED instead of failing with a " +"ValueError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35934 +msgid "" +":issue:`31233`: socketserver.ThreadingMixIn now keeps a list of non-daemonic" +" threads to wait until all these threads complete in server_close()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35937 +msgid "" +":issue:`28638`: Changed the implementation strategy for " +"collections.namedtuple() to substantially reduce the use of exec() in favor " +"of precomputed methods. As a result, the *verbose* parameter and *_source* " +"attribute are no longer supported. The benefits include 1) having a smaller" +" memory footprint for applications using multiple named tuples, 2) faster " +"creation of the named tuple class (approx 4x to 6x depending on how it is " +"measured), and 3) minor speed-ups for instance creation using __new__, " +"_make, and _replace. (The primary patch contributor is Jelle Zijlstra with " +"further improvements by INADA Naoki, Serhiy Storchaka, and Raymond " +"Hettinger.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35948 ../NEWS:38737 +msgid "" +":issue:`31400`: Improves SSL error handling to avoid losing error numbers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35950 +msgid "" +":issue:`27629`: Make return types of SSLContext.wrap_bio() and " +"SSLContext.wrap_socket() customizable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35953 ../NEWS:38739 +msgid "" +":issue:`28958`: ssl.SSLContext() now uses OpenSSL error information when a " +"context cannot be instantiated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35956 +msgid "" +":issue:`28182`: The SSL module now raises SSLCertVerificationError when " +"OpenSSL fails to verify the peer's certificate. The exception contains more " +"information about the error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35960 ../NEWS:38742 +msgid "" +":issue:`27340`: SSLSocket.sendall() now uses memoryview to create slices of " +"data. This fixes support for all bytes-like object. It is also more " +"efficient and avoids costly copies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35964 +msgid "" +":issue:`14191`: A new function " +"``argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_intermixed_args`` provides the ability to " +"parse command lines where there user intermixes options and positional " +"arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35969 ../NEWS:38746 +msgid "" +":issue:`31178`: Fix string concatenation bug in rare error path in the " +"subprocess module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35972 ../NEWS:38749 +msgid "" +":issue:`31350`: Micro-optimize :func:`asyncio._get_running_loop` to become " +"up to 10% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35975 ../NEWS:38752 ../NEWS:43005 +msgid "" +":issue:`31170`: expat: Update libexpat from 2.2.3 to 2.2.4. Fix copying of " +"partial characters for UTF-8 input (libexpat bug 115): " +"https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues/115" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35979 ../NEWS:38756 +msgid ":issue:`29136`: Add TLS 1.3 cipher suites and OP_NO_TLSv1_3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35981 +msgid "" +":issue:`1198569`: ``string.Template`` subclasses can optionally define " +"``braceidpattern`` if they want to specify different placeholder patterns " +"inside and outside the braces. If None (the default) it falls back to " +"``idpattern``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35986 +msgid "" +":issue:`31326`: concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor.shutdown() now " +"explicitly closes the call queue. Moreover, shutdown(wait=True) now also " +"join the call queue thread, to prevent leaking a dangling thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35990 ../NEWS:38767 +msgid "" +":issue:`27144`: The ``map()`` and ``as_completed()`` iterators in " +"``concurrent.futures`` now avoid keeping a reference to yielded objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35993 +msgid "" +":issue:`31281`: Fix ``fileinput.FileInput(files, inplace=True)`` when " +"``files`` contain ``pathlib.Path`` objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35996 ../NEWS:38770 +msgid "" +":issue:`10746`: Fix ctypes producing wrong :pep:`3118` type codes for " +"integer types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:35999 +msgid "" +":issue:`27584`: ``AF_VSOCK`` has been added to the socket interface which " +"allows communication between virtual machines and their host." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36002 ../NEWS:38773 +msgid "" +":issue:`22536`: The subprocess module now sets the filename when " +"FileNotFoundError is raised on POSIX systems due to the executable or cwd " +"not being found." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36006 +msgid "" +":issue:`29741`: Update some methods in the _pyio module to also accept " +"integer types. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36009 ../NEWS:38777 +msgid "" +":issue:`31249`: concurrent.futures: WorkItem.run() used by " +"ThreadPoolExecutor now breaks a reference cycle between an exception object " +"and the WorkItem object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36013 ../NEWS:38781 +msgid "" +":issue:`31247`: xmlrpc.server now explicitly breaks reference cycles when " +"using sys.exc_info() in code handling exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36016 +msgid "" +":issue:`23835`: configparser: reading defaults in the ``ConfigParser()`` " +"constructor is now using ``read_dict()``, making its behavior consistent " +"with the rest of the parser. Non-string keys and values in the defaults " +"dictionary are now being implicitly converted to strings. Patch by James " +"Tocknell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36022 ../NEWS:37697 +msgid "" +":issue:`31238`: pydoc: the stop() method of the private ServerThread class " +"now waits until DocServer.serve_until_quit() completes and then explicitly " +"sets its docserver attribute to None to break a reference cycle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36026 +msgid "" +":issue:`5001`: Many asserts in ``multiprocessing`` are now more informative," +" and some error types have been changed to more specific ones." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36029 +msgid ":issue:`31109`: Convert zipimport to use Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36031 ../NEWS:38784 +msgid "" +":issue:`30102`: The ssl and hashlib modules now call " +"OPENSSL_add_all_algorithms_noconf() on OpenSSL < 1.1.0. The function detects" +" CPU features and enables optimizations on some CPU architectures such as " +"POWER8. Patch is based on research from Gustavo Serra Scalet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36036 +msgid "" +":issue:`18966`: Non-daemonic threads created by a multiprocessing.Process " +"are now joined on child exit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36039 +msgid "" +":issue:`31183`: ``dis`` now works with asynchronous generator and coroutine " +"objects. Patch by George Collins based on diagnosis by Luciano Ramalho." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36042 +msgid "" +":issue:`5001`: There are a number of uninformative asserts in the " +"``multiprocessing`` module, as noted in issue 5001. This change fixes two of" +" the most potentially problematic ones, since they are in error-reporting " +"code, in the ``multiprocessing.managers.convert_to_error`` function. (It " +"also makes more informative a ValueError message.) The only potentially " +"problematic change is that the AssertionError is now a TypeError; however, " +"this should also help distinguish it from an AssertionError being *reported*" +" by the function/its caller (such as in issue 31169). - Patch by Allen W. " +"Smith (drallensmith on github)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36052 ../NEWS:38789 +msgid ":issue:`31185`: Fixed miscellaneous errors in asyncio speedup module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36054 +msgid "" +":issue:`31151`: socketserver.ForkingMixIn.server_close() now waits until all" +" child processes completed to prevent leaking zombie processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36057 +msgid "" +":issue:`31072`: Add an ``include_file`` parameter to " +"``zipapp.create_archive()``" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36060 +msgid "" +":issue:`24700`: Optimize array.array comparison. It is now from 10x up to " +"70x faster when comparing arrays holding values of the same integer type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36063 ../NEWS:38791 +msgid "" +":issue:`31135`: ttk: fix the destroy() method of LabeledScale and OptionMenu" +" classes. Call the parent destroy() method even if the used attribute " +"doesn't exist. The LabeledScale.destroy() method now also explicitly clears " +"label and scale attributes to help the garbage collector to destroy all " +"widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36069 ../NEWS:38797 +msgid "" +":issue:`31107`: Fix ``copyreg._slotnames()`` mangled attribute calculation " +"for classes whose name begins with an underscore. Patch by Shane Harvey." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36072 +msgid "" +":issue:`31080`: Allow ``logging.config.fileConfig`` to accept kwargs and/or " +"args." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36075 +msgid "" +":issue:`30897`: ``pathlib.Path`` objects now include an ``is_mount()`` " +"method (only implemented on POSIX). This is similar to " +"``os.path.ismount(p)``. Patch by Cooper Ry Lees." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36079 ../NEWS:38800 +msgid ":issue:`31061`: Fixed a crash when using asyncio and threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36081 +msgid "" +":issue:`30987`: Added support for CAN ISO-TP protocol in the socket module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36083 +msgid "" +":issue:`30522`: Added a ``setStream`` method to ``logging.StreamHandler`` to" +" allow the stream to be set after creation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36086 ../NEWS:38802 +msgid "" +":issue:`30502`: Fix handling of long oids in ssl. Based on patch by " +"Christian Heimes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36089 +msgid ":issue:`5288`: Support tzinfo objects with sub-minute offsets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36091 +msgid "" +":issue:`30919`: Fix shared memory performance regression in multiprocessing " +"in 3.x. Shared memory used anonymous memory mappings in 2.x, while 3.x mmaps" +" actual files. Try to be careful to do as little disk I/O as possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36095 +msgid "" +":issue:`26732`: Fix too many fds in processes started with the " +"\"forkserver\" method. A child process would inherit as many fds as the " +"number of still-running children." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36099 ../NEWS:38812 ../NEWS:43106 +msgid "" +":issue:`29403`: Fix ``unittest.mock``'s autospec to not fail on method-bound" +" builtin functions. Patch by Aaron Gallagher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36102 ../NEWS:38815 ../NEWS:43109 +msgid ":issue:`30961`: Fix decrementing a borrowed reference in tracemalloc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36104 +msgid "" +":issue:`19896`: Fix multiprocessing.sharedctypes to recognize typecodes " +"``'q'`` and ``'Q'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36107 +msgid "" +":issue:`30946`: Remove obsolete code in readline module for platforms where " +"GNU readline is older than 2.1 or where select() is not available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36110 ../NEWS:38817 +msgid "" +":issue:`25684`: Change ``ttk.OptionMenu`` radiobuttons to be unique across " +"instances of ``OptionMenu``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36113 ../NEWS:38820 ../NEWS:43111 +msgid "" +":issue:`30886`: Fix multiprocessing.Queue.join_thread(): it now waits until " +"the thread completes, even if the thread was started by the same process " +"which created the queue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36117 ../NEWS:38824 ../NEWS:43115 +msgid "" +":issue:`29854`: Fix segfault in readline when using readline's history-size " +"option. Patch by Nir Soffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36120 +msgid "" +":issue:`30794`: Added multiprocessing.Process.kill method to terminate using" +" the SIGKILL signal on Unix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36123 ../NEWS:38827 +msgid ":issue:`30319`: socket.close() now ignores ECONNRESET error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36125 ../NEWS:38829 +msgid "" +":issue:`30828`: Fix out of bounds write in " +"``asyncio.CFuture.remove_done_callback()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36128 +msgid "" +":issue:`30302`: Use keywords in the ``repr`` of ``datetime.timedelta``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36130 ../NEWS:38832 ../NEWS:43118 +msgid "" +":issue:`30807`: signal.setitimer() may disable the timer when passed a tiny " +"value. Tiny values (such as 1e-6) are valid non-zero values for setitimer()," +" which is specified as taking microsecond-resolution intervals. However, on " +"some platform, our conversion routine could convert 1e-6 into a zero " +"interval, therefore disabling the timer instead of (re-)scheduling it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36137 ../NEWS:38839 ../NEWS:43125 +msgid "" +":issue:`30441`: Fix bug when modifying os.environ while iterating over it" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36139 +msgid "" +":issue:`29585`: Avoid importing ``sysconfig`` from ``site`` to improve " +"startup speed. Python startup is about 5% faster on Linux and 30% faster on " +"macOS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36142 +msgid "" +":issue:`29293`: Add missing parameter \"n\" on " +"multiprocessing.Condition.notify(). The doc claims multiprocessing.Condition" +" behaves like threading.Condition, but its notify() method lacked the " +"optional \"n\" argument (to specify the number of sleepers to wake up) that " +"threading.Condition.notify() accepts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36148 ../NEWS:38841 ../NEWS:43127 +msgid "" +":issue:`30532`: Fix email header value parser dropping folding white space " +"in certain cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36151 +msgid "" +":issue:`30596`: Add a ``close()`` method to ``multiprocessing.Process``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36153 ../NEWS:38763 +msgid "" +":issue:`9146`: Fix a segmentation fault in _hashopenssl when standard hash " +"functions such as md5 are not available in the linked OpenSSL library. As " +"in some special FIPS-140 build environments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36157 ../NEWS:39570 ../NEWS:43130 +msgid ":issue:`29169`: Update zlib to 1.2.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36159 ../NEWS:38805 ../NEWS:43018 +msgid "" +":issue:`30119`: ftplib.FTP.putline() now throws ValueError on commands that " +"contains CR or LF. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36162 ../NEWS:38844 ../NEWS:43132 +msgid "" +":issue:`30879`: os.listdir() and os.scandir() now emit bytes names when " +"called with bytes-like argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36165 ../NEWS:38847 ../NEWS:43135 +msgid "" +":issue:`30746`: Prohibited the '=' character in environment variable names " +"in ``os.putenv()`` and ``os.spawn*()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36168 +msgid "" +":issue:`30664`: The description of a unittest subtest now preserves the " +"order of keyword arguments of TestCase.subTest()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36171 +msgid "" +":issue:`21071`: struct.Struct.format type is now :class:`str` instead of " +":class:`bytes`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36174 ../NEWS:38758 +msgid "" +":issue:`29212`: Fix concurrent.futures.thread.ThreadPoolExecutor threads to " +"have a non repr() based thread name by default when no thread_name_prefix is" +" supplied. They will now identify themselves as \"ThreadPoolExecutor-y_n\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36179 ../NEWS:38850 ../NEWS:43138 +msgid "" +":issue:`29755`: Fixed the lgettext() family of functions in the gettext " +"module. They now always return bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36182 ../NEWS:39183 +msgid "" +":issue:`30616`: Functional API of enum allows to create empty enums. Patched" +" by Donghee Na" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36185 ../NEWS:39186 +msgid "" +":issue:`30038`: Fix race condition between signal delivery and wakeup file " +"descriptor. Patch by Nathaniel Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36188 ../NEWS:39189 +msgid "" +":issue:`23894`: lib2to3 now recognizes ``rb'...'`` and ``f'...'`` strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36190 +msgid "" +":issue:`24744`: pkgutil.walk_packages function now raises ValueError if " +"*path* is a string. Patch by Sanyam Khurana." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36193 ../NEWS:43155 +msgid ":issue:`24484`: Avoid race condition in multiprocessing cleanup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36195 +msgid "" +":issue:`30589`: Fix multiprocessing.Process.exitcode to return the opposite " +"of the signal number when the process is killed by a signal (instead of 255)" +" when using the \"forkserver\" method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36199 ../NEWS:39210 ../NEWS:43157 +msgid "" +":issue:`28994`: The traceback no longer displayed for SystemExit raised in a" +" callback registered by atexit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36202 ../NEWS:39213 ../NEWS:43160 +msgid "" +":issue:`30508`: Don't log exceptions if Task/Future \"cancel()\" method was " +"called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36205 +msgid "" +":issue:`30645`: Fix path calculation in ``imp.load_package()``, fixing it " +"for cases when a package is only shipped with bytecodes. Patch by Alexandru " +"Ardelean." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36209 +msgid "" +":issue:`11822`: The dis.dis() function now is able to disassemble nested " +"code objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36212 +msgid "" +":issue:`30624`: selectors does not take KeyboardInterrupt and SystemExit " +"into account, leaving a fd in a bad state in case of error. Patch by " +"Giampaolo Rodola'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36216 ../NEWS:38808 +msgid "" +":issue:`30595`: multiprocessing.Queue.get() with a timeout now polls its " +"reader in non-blocking mode if it succeeded to acquire the lock but the " +"acquire took longer than the timeout." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36220 ../NEWS:39216 ../NEWS:43163 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: Updates to typing module: Add generic AsyncContextManager, " +"add support for ContextManager on all versions. Original PRs by Jelle " +"Zijlstra and Ivan Levkivskyi" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36224 ../NEWS:39205 +msgid "" +":issue:`30605`: re.compile() no longer raises a BytesWarning when compiling " +"a bytes instance with misplaced inline modifier. Patch by Roy Williams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36227 ../NEWS:39220 ../NEWS:43167 +msgid "" +":issue:`29870`: Fix ssl sockets leaks when connection is aborted in " +"asyncio/ssl implementation. Patch by Michaël Sghaïer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36230 ../NEWS:39223 ../NEWS:43170 +msgid "" +":issue:`29743`: Closing transport during handshake process leaks open " +"socket. Patch by Nikolay Kim" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36233 ../NEWS:39226 ../NEWS:43173 +msgid "" +":issue:`27585`: Fix waiter cancellation in asyncio.Lock. Patch by Mathieu " +"Sornay." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36236 +msgid "" +":issue:`30014`: modify() method of poll(), epoll() and devpoll() based " +"classes of selectors module is around 10% faster. Patch by Giampaolo " +"Rodola'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36239 ../NEWS:39229 ../NEWS:43176 +msgid "" +":issue:`30418`: On Windows, subprocess.Popen.communicate() now also ignore " +"EINVAL on stdin.write() if the child process is still running but closed the" +" pipe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36243 +msgid "" +":issue:`30463`: Addded empty __slots__ to abc.ABC. This allows subclassers " +"to deny __dict__ and __weakref__ creation. Patch by Aaron Hall." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36246 +msgid ":issue:`30520`: Loggers are now pickleable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36248 ../NEWS:39240 +msgid "" +":issue:`30557`: faulthandler now correctly filters and displays exception " +"codes on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36251 +msgid "" +":issue:`30526`: Add TextIOWrapper.reconfigure() and a " +"TextIOWrapper.write_through attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36254 +msgid "" +":issue:`30245`: Fix possible overflow when organize struct.pack_into error " +"message. Patch by Yuan Liu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36257 ../NEWS:39243 ../NEWS:43180 +msgid "" +":issue:`30378`: Fix the problem that logging.handlers.SysLogHandler cannot " +"handle IPv6 addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36260 +msgid ":issue:`16500`: Allow registering at-fork handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36262 +msgid "" +":issue:`30470`: Deprecate invalid ctypes call protection on Windows. Patch " +"by Mariatta Wijaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36265 ../NEWS:39249 ../NEWS:43186 +msgid "" +":issue:`30414`: multiprocessing.Queue._feed background running thread do not" +" break from main loop on exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36268 ../NEWS:39252 ../NEWS:43189 +msgid "" +":issue:`30003`: Fix handling escape characters in HZ codec. Based on patch " +"by Ma Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36271 ../NEWS:39194 ../NEWS:43148 +msgid "" +":issue:`30149`: inspect.signature() now supports callables with variable-" +"argument parameters wrapped with partialmethod. Patch by Donghee Na." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36275 +msgid "" +":issue:`30436`: importlib.find_spec() raises ModuleNotFoundError instead of " +"AttributeError if the specified parent module is not a package (i.e. lacks a" +" __path__ attribute)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36279 ../NEWS:39255 ../NEWS:43192 +msgid "" +":issue:`30301`: Fix AttributeError when using SimpleQueue.empty() under " +"*spawn* and *forkserver* start methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36282 ../NEWS:39262 ../NEWS:43199 +msgid "" +":issue:`30375`: Warnings emitted when compile a regular expression now " +"always point to the line in the user code. Previously they could point into" +" inners of the re module if emitted from inside of groups or conditionals." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36286 ../NEWS:39258 ../NEWS:43195 +msgid "" +":issue:`30329`: imaplib and poplib now catch the Windows socket WSAEINVAL " +"error (code 10022) on shutdown(SHUT_RDWR): An invalid operation was " +"attempted. This error occurs sometimes on SSL connections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36290 +msgid "" +":issue:`29196`: Removed previously deprecated in Python 2.4 classes Plist, " +"Dict and _InternalDict in the plistlib module. Dict values in the result of" +" functions readPlist() and readPlistFromBytes() are now normal dicts. You " +"no longer can use attribute access to access items of these dictionaries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36295 +msgid "" +":issue:`9850`: The :mod:`macpath` is now deprecated and will be removed in " +"Python 3.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36298 +msgid "" +":issue:`30299`: Compiling regular expression in debug mode on CPython now " +"displays the compiled bytecode in human readable form." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36301 ../NEWS:39266 ../NEWS:43203 +msgid "" +":issue:`30048`: Fixed ``Task.cancel()`` can be ignored when the task is " +"running coroutine and the coroutine returned without any more ``await``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36304 ../NEWS:39269 +msgid "" +":issue:`30266`: contextlib.AbstractContextManager now supports anti-" +"registration by setting __enter__ = None or __exit__ = None, following the " +"pattern introduced in :issue:`25958`. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36308 +msgid "" +":issue:`30340`: Enhanced regular expressions optimization. This increased " +"the performance of matching some patterns up to 25 times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36311 ../NEWS:39273 +msgid "" +":issue:`30298`: Weaken the condition of deprecation warnings for inline " +"modifiers. Now allowed several subsequential inline modifiers at the start " +"of the pattern (e.g. ``'(?i)(?s)...'``). In verbose mode whitespaces and " +"comments now are allowed before and between inline modifiers (e.g. ``'(?x) " +"(?i) (?s)...'``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36317 +msgid "" +":issue:`30285`: Optimized case-insensitive matching and searching of regular" +" expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36320 ../NEWS:39279 ../NEWS:43206 +msgid "" +":issue:`29990`: Fix range checking in GB18030 decoder. Original patch by Ma" +" Lin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36323 +msgid "" +":issue:`29979`: rewrite cgi.parse_multipart, reusing the FieldStorage class " +"and making its results consistent with those of FieldStorage for " +"multipart/form-data requests. Patch by Pierre Quentel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36327 ../NEWS:39285 ../NEWS:43212 +msgid "" +":issue:`30243`: Removed the __init__ methods of _json's scanner and encoder." +" Misusing them could cause memory leaks or crashes. Now scanner and encoder" +" objects are completely initialized in the __new__ methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36331 +msgid "" +":issue:`30215`: Compiled regular expression objects with the re.LOCALE flag " +"no longer depend on the locale at compile time. Only the locale at matching" +" time affects the result of matching." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36335 ../NEWS:39289 ../NEWS:43216 +msgid "" +":issue:`30185`: Avoid KeyboardInterrupt tracebacks in forkserver helper " +"process when Ctrl-C is received." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36338 +msgid "" +":issue:`30103`: binascii.b2a_uu() and uu.encode() now support using ``'`'`` " +"as zero instead of space." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36341 ../NEWS:39292 ../NEWS:43219 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: Various updates to typing module: add typing.NoReturn type, " +"use WrapperDescriptorType, minor bug-fixes. Original PRs by Jim Fasarakis-" +"Hilliard and Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36345 ../NEWS:39296 ../NEWS:43223 +msgid "" +":issue:`30205`: Fix getsockname() for unbound AF_UNIX sockets on Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36347 +msgid "" +":issue:`30228`: The seek() and tell() methods of io.FileIO now set the " +"internal seekable attribute to avoid one syscall on open() (in buffered or " +"text mode)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36351 +msgid "" +":issue:`30190`: unittest's assertAlmostEqual and assertNotAlmostEqual " +"provide a better message in case of failure which includes the difference " +"between left and right arguments. (patch by Giampaolo Rodola')" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36355 +msgid ":issue:`30101`: Add support for curses.A_ITALIC." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36357 ../NEWS:39233 +msgid "" +":issue:`29822`: inspect.isabstract() now works during __init_subclass__. " +"Patch by Nate Soares." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36360 ../NEWS:39246 ../NEWS:43183 +msgid "" +":issue:`29960`: Preserve generator state when _random.Random.setstate() " +"raises an exception. Patch by Bryan Olson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36363 ../NEWS:39298 ../NEWS:43225 +msgid "" +":issue:`30070`: Fixed leaks and crashes in errors handling in the parser " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36366 +msgid "" +":issue:`22352`: Column widths in the output of dis.dis() are now adjusted " +"for large line numbers and instruction offsets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36369 ../NEWS:39301 ../NEWS:43228 +msgid "" +":issue:`30061`: Fixed crashes in IOBase methods __next__() and readlines() " +"when readline() or __next__() respectively return non-sizeable object. Fixed" +" possible other errors caused by not checking results of PyObject_Size(), " +"PySequence_Size(), or PyMapping_Size()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36374 +msgid "" +":issue:`30218`: Fix PathLike support for shutil.unpack_archive. Patch by " +"Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36377 +msgid "" +":issue:`10076`: Compiled regular expression and match objects in the re " +"module now support copy.copy() and copy.deepcopy() (they are considered " +"atomic)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36380 ../NEWS:39310 ../NEWS:43233 +msgid "" +":issue:`30068`: _io._IOBase.readlines will check if it's closed first when " +"hint is present." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36383 ../NEWS:39313 ../NEWS:43236 +msgid "" +":issue:`29694`: Fixed race condition in pathlib mkdir with flags " +"parents=True. Patch by Armin Rigo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36386 ../NEWS:39316 ../NEWS:43239 +msgid "" +":issue:`29692`: Fixed arbitrary unchaining of RuntimeError exceptions in " +"contextlib.contextmanager. Patch by Siddharth Velankar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36389 +msgid "" +":issue:`26187`: Test that sqlite3 trace callback is not called multiple " +"times when schema is changing. Indirectly fixed by switching to use " +"sqlite3_prepare_v2() in :issue:`9303`. Patch by Aviv Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36393 ../NEWS:39306 +msgid "" +":issue:`30017`: Allowed calling the close() method of the zip entry writer " +"object multiple times. Writing to a closed writer now always produces a " +"ValueError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36397 ../NEWS:39319 ../NEWS:43242 +msgid "" +":issue:`29998`: Pickling and copying ImportError now preserves name and path" +" attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36400 +msgid ":issue:`29995`: re.escape() now escapes only regex special characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36402 +msgid "" +":issue:`29962`: Add math.remainder operation, implementing remainder as " +"specified in IEEE 754." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36405 +msgid "" +":issue:`29649`: Improve struct.pack_into() exception messages for problems " +"with the buffer size and offset. Patch by Andrew Nester." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36408 +msgid "" +":issue:`29654`: Support If-Modified-Since HTTP header (browser cache). " +"Patch by Pierre Quentel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36411 ../NEWS:39202 ../NEWS:43152 +msgid "" +":issue:`29931`: Fixed comparison check for ipaddress.ip_interface objects. " +"Patch by Sanjay Sundaresan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36414 ../NEWS:39322 +msgid "" +":issue:`29953`: Fixed memory leaks in the replace() method of datetime and " +"time objects when pass out of bound fold argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36417 ../NEWS:39325 ../NEWS:43245 +msgid "" +":issue:`29942`: Fix a crash in itertools.chain.from_iterable when " +"encountering long runs of empty iterables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36420 +msgid ":issue:`10030`: Sped up reading encrypted ZIP files by 2 times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36422 +msgid "" +":issue:`29204`: Element.getiterator() and the html parameter of XMLParser() " +"were deprecated only in the documentation (since Python 3.2 and 3.4 " +"correspondingly). Now using them emits a deprecation warning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36426 ../NEWS:39328 ../NEWS:43248 +msgid "" +":issue:`27863`: Fixed multiple crashes in ElementTree caused by race " +"conditions and wrong types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36429 +msgid "" +":issue:`25996`: Added support of file descriptors in os.scandir() on Unix. " +"os.fwalk() is sped up by 2 times by using os.scandir()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36432 ../NEWS:39331 ../NEWS:43251 +msgid "" +":issue:`28699`: Fixed a bug in pools in multiprocessing.pool that raising an" +" exception at the very first of an iterable may swallow the exception or " +"make the program hang. Patch by Davin Potts and Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36436 ../NEWS:39191 ../NEWS:43145 +msgid "" +":issue:`23890`: unittest.TestCase.assertRaises() now manually breaks a " +"reference cycle to not keep objects alive longer than expected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36439 +msgid "" +":issue:`29901`: The zipapp module now supports general path-like objects, " +"not just pathlib.Path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36442 ../NEWS:39335 ../NEWS:43255 +msgid "" +":issue:`25803`: Avoid incorrect errors raised by Path.mkdir(exist_ok=True) " +"when the OS gives priority to errors such as EACCES over EEXIST." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36445 ../NEWS:39338 ../NEWS:43258 +msgid "" +":issue:`29861`: Release references to tasks, their arguments and their " +"results as soon as they are finished in multiprocessing.Pool." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36448 +msgid "" +":issue:`19930`: The mode argument of os.makedirs() no longer affects the " +"file permission bits of newly created intermediate-level directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36451 ../NEWS:39341 ../NEWS:43261 +msgid "" +":issue:`29884`: faulthandler: Restore the old sigaltstack during teardown. " +"Patch by Christophe Zeitouny." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36454 ../NEWS:39344 ../NEWS:43264 +msgid "" +":issue:`25455`: Fixed crashes in repr of recursive buffered file-like " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36456 ../NEWS:39346 ../NEWS:43266 +msgid "" +":issue:`29800`: Fix crashes in partial.__repr__ if the keys of " +"partial.keywords are not strings. Patch by Michael Seifert." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36459 ../NEWS:39352 ../NEWS:43272 +msgid "" +":issue:`8256`: Fixed possible failing or crashing input() if attributes " +"\"encoding\" or \"errors\" of sys.stdin or sys.stdout are not set or are not" +" strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36463 +msgid "" +":issue:`28692`: Using non-integer value for selecting a plural form in " +"gettext is now deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36466 +msgid "" +":issue:`26121`: Use C library implementation for math functions erf() and " +"erfc()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36469 +msgid "" +":issue:`29619`: os.stat() and os.DirEntry.inode() now convert inode (st_ino)" +" using unsigned integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36472 +msgid "" +":issue:`28298`: Fix a bug that prevented array 'Q', 'L' and 'I' from " +"accepting big intables (objects that have __int__) as elements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36475 +msgid "" +":issue:`29645`: Speed up importing the webbrowser module. " +"webbrowser.register() is now thread-safe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36478 ../NEWS:39360 +msgid "" +":issue:`28231`: The zipfile module now accepts path-like objects for " +"external paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36481 ../NEWS:39363 +msgid "" +":issue:`26915`: index() and count() methods of collections.abc.Sequence now " +"check identity before checking equality when do comparisons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36484 +msgid ":issue:`28682`: Added support for bytes paths in os.fwalk()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36486 +msgid "" +":issue:`29728`: Add new :const:`socket.TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT` (Linux 3.12) " +"constant. Patch by Nathaniel J. Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36489 ../NEWS:39572 +msgid "" +":issue:`29623`: Allow use of path-like object as a single argument in " +"ConfigParser.read(). Patch by David Ellis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36492 +msgid "" +":issue:`9303`: Migrate sqlite3 module to _v2 API. Patch by Aviv Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36494 ../NEWS:39575 +msgid "" +":issue:`28963`: Fix out of bound iteration in " +"asyncio.Future.remove_done_callback implemented in C." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36497 ../NEWS:39578 ../NEWS:43284 +msgid "" +":issue:`29704`: asyncio.subprocess.SubprocessStreamProtocol no longer closes" +" before all pipes are closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36500 ../NEWS:39581 +msgid "" +":issue:`29271`: Fix Task.current_task and Task.all_tasks implemented in C to" +" accept None argument as their pure Python implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36503 ../NEWS:39584 ../NEWS:43287 +msgid "" +":issue:`29703`: Fix asyncio to support instantiation of new event loops in " +"child processes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36506 ../NEWS:39366 ../NEWS:43280 +msgid "" +":issue:`29615`: SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher no longer chains KeyError (or any " +"other exception) to exception(s) raised in the dispatched methods. Patch by " +"Petr Motejlek." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36510 +msgid "" +":issue:`7769`: Method register_function() of " +"xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher and its subclasses can now be used as a" +" decorator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36514 ../NEWS:39587 ../NEWS:43290 +msgid "" +":issue:`29376`: Fix assertion error in threading._DummyThread.is_alive()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36516 ../NEWS:39589 +msgid "" +":issue:`28624`: Add a test that checks that cwd parameter of Popen() accepts" +" PathLike objects. Patch by Sayan Chowdhury." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36519 ../NEWS:39592 +msgid "" +":issue:`28518`: Start a transaction implicitly before a DML statement. Patch" +" by Aviv Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36522 ../NEWS:39349 ../NEWS:43269 +msgid "" +":issue:`29742`: get_extra_info() raises exception if get called on closed " +"ssl transport. Patch by Nikolay Kim." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36525 +msgid "" +":issue:`16285`: urllib.parse.quote is now based on RFC 3986 and hence " +"includes '~' in the set of characters that is not quoted by default. Patch " +"by Christian Theune and Ratnadeep Debnath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36529 ../NEWS:39595 ../NEWS:43298 +msgid "" +":issue:`29532`: Altering a kwarg dictionary passed to functools.partial() no" +" longer affects a partial object after creation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36532 ../NEWS:39598 ../NEWS:43292 +msgid "" +":issue:`29110`: Fix file object leak in aifc.open() when file is given as a " +"filesystem path and is not in valid AIFF format. Patch by Anthony Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36535 +msgid "" +":issue:`22807`: Add uuid.SafeUUID and uuid.UUID.is_safe to relay information" +" from the platform about whether generated UUIDs are generated with a " +"multiprocessing safe method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36539 +msgid "" +":issue:`29576`: Improve some deprecations in importlib. Some deprecated " +"methods now emit DeprecationWarnings and have better descriptive messages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36542 +msgid "" +":issue:`29534`: Fixed different behaviour of Decimal.from_float() for " +"_decimal and _pydecimal. Thanks Andrew Nester." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36545 +msgid "" +":issue:`10379`: locale.format_string now supports the 'monetary' keyword " +"argument, and locale.format is deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36548 +msgid "" +":issue:`29851`: importlib.reload() now raises ModuleNotFoundError if the " +"module lacks a spec." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36551 ../NEWS:39601 ../NEWS:43301 +msgid "" +":issue:`28556`: Various updates to typing module: typing.Counter, " +"typing.ChainMap, improved ABC caching, etc. Original PRs by Jelle Zijlstra, " +"Ivan Levkivskyi, Manuel Krebber, and Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36555 ../NEWS:39605 ../NEWS:43305 +msgid "" +":issue:`29100`: Fix datetime.fromtimestamp() regression introduced in Python" +" 3.6.0: check minimum and maximum years." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36558 ../NEWS:39611 ../NEWS:43311 +msgid ":issue:`29416`: Prevent infinite loop in pathlib.Path.mkdir" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36560 ../NEWS:39613 ../NEWS:43313 +msgid "" +":issue:`29444`: Fixed out-of-bounds buffer access in the group() method of " +"the match object. Based on patch by WGH." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36563 +msgid "" +":issue:`29377`: Add WrapperDescriptorType, MethodWrapperType, and " +"MethodDescriptorType built-in types to types module. Original patch by " +"Manuel Krebber." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36567 +msgid "" +":issue:`29218`: Unused install_misc command is now removed. It has been " +"documented as unused since 2000. Patch by Eric N. Vander Weele." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36570 +msgid "" +":issue:`29368`: The extend() method is now called instead of the append() " +"method when unpickle collections.deque and other list-like objects. This can" +" speed up unpickling to 2 times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36574 +msgid "" +":issue:`29338`: The help of a builtin or extension class now includes the " +"constructor signature if __text_signature__ is provided for the class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36577 ../NEWS:39616 ../NEWS:43316 +msgid "" +":issue:`29335`: Fix subprocess.Popen.wait() when the child process has " +"exited to a stopped instead of terminated state (ex: when under ptrace)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36580 ../NEWS:39619 ../NEWS:43319 +msgid "" +":issue:`29290`: Fix a regression in argparse that help messages would wrap " +"at non-breaking spaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36583 ../NEWS:39622 ../NEWS:43322 +msgid ":issue:`28735`: Fixed the comparison of mock.MagickMock with mock.ANY." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36585 +msgid ":issue:`29197`: Removed deprecated function ntpath.splitunc()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36587 +msgid "" +":issue:`29210`: Removed support of deprecated argument \"exclude\" in " +"tarfile.TarFile.add()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36590 ../NEWS:39627 ../NEWS:43326 +msgid "" +":issue:`29219`: Fixed infinite recursion in the repr of uninitialized " +"ctypes.CDLL instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36593 +msgid "" +":issue:`29192`: Removed deprecated features in the http.cookies module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36595 +msgid "" +":issue:`29193`: A format string argument for string.Formatter.format() is " +"now positional-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36598 +msgid "" +":issue:`29195`: Removed support of deprecated undocumented keyword arguments" +" in methods of regular expression objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36601 ../NEWS:39632 ../NEWS:43329 +msgid "" +":issue:`28969`: Fixed race condition in C implementation of " +"functools.lru_cache. KeyError could be raised when cached function with full" +" cache was simultaneously called from different threads with the same " +"uncached arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36606 +msgid "" +":issue:`20804`: The unittest.mock.sentinel attributes now preserve their " +"identity when they are copied or pickled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36609 ../NEWS:39637 ../NEWS:43334 +msgid "" +":issue:`29142`: In urllib.request, suffixes in no_proxy environment variable" +" with leading dots could match related hostnames again (e.g. .b.c matches " +"a.b.c). Patch by Milan Oberkirch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36613 ../NEWS:39641 ../NEWS:43295 +msgid "" +":issue:`28961`: Fix unittest.mock._Call helper: don't ignore the name " +"parameter anymore. Patch written by Jiajun Huang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36616 ../NEWS:39648 ../NEWS:43587 +msgid "" +":issue:`15812`: inspect.getframeinfo() now correctly shows the first line of" +" a context. Patch by Sam Breese." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36619 +msgid "" +":issue:`28985`: Update authorizer constants in sqlite3 module. Patch by " +"Dingyuan Wang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36622 ../NEWS:39660 +msgid ":issue:`29079`: Prevent infinite loop in pathlib.resolve() on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36624 ../NEWS:39662 ../NEWS:43593 +msgid "" +":issue:`13051`: Fixed recursion errors in large or resized " +"curses.textpad.Textbox. Based on patch by Tycho Andersen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36627 ../NEWS:39669 ../NEWS:43600 +msgid "" +":issue:`9770`: curses.ascii predicates now work correctly with negative " +"integers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36630 ../NEWS:39672 ../NEWS:43603 +msgid "" +":issue:`28427`: old keys should not remove new values from " +"WeakValueDictionary when collecting from another thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36633 ../NEWS:39675 ../NEWS:43606 +msgid ":issue:`28923`: Remove editor artifacts from Tix.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36635 ../NEWS:39680 ../NEWS:43608 +msgid ":issue:`28871`: Fixed a crash when deallocate deep ElementTree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36637 ../NEWS:39682 ../NEWS:43610 +msgid "" +":issue:`19542`: Fix bugs in WeakValueDictionary.setdefault() and " +"WeakValueDictionary.pop() when a GC collection happens in another thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36640 ../NEWS:39685 +msgid "" +":issue:`20191`: Fixed a crash in resource.prlimit() when passing a sequence " +"that doesn't own its elements as limits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36643 +msgid "" +":issue:`16255`: subprocess.Popen uses /system/bin/sh on Android as the " +"shell, instead of /bin/sh." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36646 ../NEWS:39688 ../NEWS:43616 +msgid "" +":issue:`28779`: multiprocessing.set_forkserver_preload() would crash the " +"forkserver process if a preloaded module instantiated some multiprocessing " +"objects such as locks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36650 ../NEWS:39695 +msgid "" +":issue:`26937`: The chown() method of the tarfile.TarFile class does not " +"fail now when the grp module cannot be imported, as for example on Android " +"platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36654 +msgid "" +":issue:`28847`: dbm.dumb now supports reading read-only files and no longer " +"writes the index file when it is not changed. A deprecation warning is now " +"emitted if the index file is missed and recreated in the 'r' and 'w' modes " +"(will be an error in future Python releases)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36659 +msgid "" +":issue:`27030`: Unknown escapes consisting of ``'\\'`` and an ASCII letter " +"in re.sub() replacement templates regular expressions now are errors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36662 ../NEWS:39876 +msgid "" +":issue:`28835`: Fix a regression introduced in warnings.catch_warnings(): " +"call warnings.showwarning() if it was overridden inside the context manager." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36665 ../NEWS:39879 +msgid "" +":issue:`27172`: To assist with upgrades from 2.7, the previously documented " +"deprecation of ``inspect.getfullargspec()`` has been reversed. This decision" +" may be revisited again after the Python 2.7 branch is no longer officially " +"supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36670 +msgid "" +":issue:`28740`: Add sys.getandroidapilevel(): return the build time API " +"version of Android as an integer. Function only available on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36673 ../NEWS:39884 +msgid "" +":issue:`26273`: Add new :const:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION` (Linux 2.6.13) and " +":const:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37) constants. Patch written by " +"Omar Sandoval." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36677 ../NEWS:39955 +msgid ":issue:`28752`: Restored the __reduce__() methods of datetime objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36679 ../NEWS:39957 +msgid "" +":issue:`28727`: Regular expression patterns, _sre.SRE_Pattern objects " +"created by re.compile(), become comparable (only x==y and x!=y operators). " +"This change should fix the :issue:`18383`: don't duplicate warning filters " +"when the warnings module is reloaded (thing usually only done in unit " +"tests)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36684 +msgid "" +":issue:`20572`: Remove the subprocess.Popen.wait endtime parameter. It was " +"deprecated in 3.4 and undocumented prior to that." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36687 ../NEWS:39965 ../NEWS:43623 +msgid "" +":issue:`25659`: In ctypes, prevent a crash calling the from_buffer() and " +"from_buffer_copy() methods on abstract classes like Array." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36690 +msgid "" +":issue:`28548`: In the \"http.server\" module, parse the protocol version if" +" possible, to avoid using HTTP 0.9 in some error responses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36693 ../NEWS:39968 +msgid "" +":issue:`19717`: Makes Path.resolve() succeed on paths that do not exist. " +"Patch by Vajrasky Kok" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36696 ../NEWS:39971 +msgid "" +":issue:`28563`: Fixed possible DoS and arbitrary code execution when handle " +"plural form selections in the gettext module. The expression parser now " +"supports exact syntax supported by GNU gettext." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36700 ../NEWS:39975 ../NEWS:43632 +msgid "" +":issue:`28387`: Fixed possible crash in _io.TextIOWrapper deallocator when " +"the garbage collector is invoked in other thread. Based on patch by " +"Sebastian Cufre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36704 ../NEWS:40058 ../NEWS:43636 +msgid "" +":issue:`27517`: LZMA compressor and decompressor no longer raise exceptions " +"if given empty data twice. Patch by Benjamin Fogle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36707 ../NEWS:40061 ../NEWS:43639 +msgid ":issue:`28549`: Fixed segfault in curses's addch() with ncurses6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36709 ../NEWS:40063 ../NEWS:43641 +msgid "" +":issue:`28449`: tarfile.open() with mode \"r\" or \"r:\" now tries to open a" +" tar file with compression before trying to open it without compression. " +"Otherwise it had 50% chance failed with ignore_zeros=True." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36713 ../NEWS:40067 ../NEWS:43645 +msgid "" +":issue:`23262`: The webbrowser module now supports Firefox 36+ and derived " +"browsers. Based on patch by Oleg Broytman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36716 +msgid "" +":issue:`24241`: The webbrowser in an X environment now prefers using the " +"default browser directly. Also, the webbrowser register() function now has a" +" documented 'preferred' argument, to specify browsers to be returned by " +"get() with no arguments. Patch by David Steele" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36721 ../NEWS:40070 ../NEWS:43648 +msgid "" +":issue:`27939`: Fixed bugs in tkinter.ttk.LabeledScale and tkinter.Scale " +"caused by representing the scale as float value internally in Tk. " +"tkinter.IntVar now works if float value is set to underlying Tk variable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36725 +msgid "" +":issue:`28255`: calendar.TextCalendar.prweek() no longer prints a space " +"after a weeks's calendar. calendar.TextCalendar.pryear() no longer prints " +"redundant newline after a year's calendar. Based on patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36729 +msgid "" +":issue:`28255`: calendar.TextCalendar.prmonth() no longer prints a space at " +"the start of new line after printing a month's calendar. Patch by Xiang " +"Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36733 ../NEWS:40081 ../NEWS:43656 +msgid "" +":issue:`20491`: The textwrap.TextWrapper class now honors non-breaking " +"spaces. Based on patch by Kaarle Ritvanen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36736 ../NEWS:40084 ../NEWS:43659 +msgid ":issue:`28353`: os.fwalk() no longer fails on broken links." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36738 ../NEWS:40086 +msgid "" +":issue:`28430`: Fix iterator of C implemented asyncio.Future doesn't accept " +"non-None value is passed to it.send(val)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36741 ../NEWS:40089 +msgid "" +":issue:`27025`: Generated names for Tkinter widgets now start by the \"!\" " +"prefix for readability." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36744 ../NEWS:40092 ../NEWS:43661 +msgid "" +":issue:`25464`: Fixed HList.header_exists() in tkinter.tix module by addin a" +" workaround to Tix library bug." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36747 ../NEWS:40095 +msgid "" +":issue:`28488`: shutil.make_archive() no longer adds entry \"./\" to ZIP " +"archive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36749 ../NEWS:40097 +msgid "" +":issue:`25953`: re.sub() now raises an error for invalid numerical group " +"reference in replacement template even if the pattern is not found in the " +"string. Error message for invalid group reference now includes the group " +"index and the position of the reference. Based on patch by SilentGhost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36754 +msgid "" +":issue:`28469`: timeit now uses the sequence 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50,... instead" +" of 1, 10, 100,... for autoranging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36757 +msgid "" +":issue:`28115`: Command-line interface of the zipfile module now uses " +"argparse. Added support of long options." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36760 ../NEWS:40102 +msgid "" +":issue:`18219`: Optimize csv.DictWriter for large number of columns. Patch " +"by Mariatta Wijaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36763 ../NEWS:40105 +msgid "" +":issue:`28448`: Fix C implemented asyncio.Future didn't work on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36765 +msgid "" +":issue:`23214`: In the \"io\" module, the argument to BufferedReader and " +"BytesIO's read1() methods is now optional and can be -1, matching the " +"BufferedIOBase specification." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36769 ../NEWS:40107 +msgid "" +":issue:`28480`: Fix error building socket module when multithreading is " +"disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36772 +msgid "" +":issue:`28240`: timeit: remove ``-c/--clock`` and ``-t/--time`` command line" +" options which were deprecated since Python 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36775 +msgid "" +":issue:`28240`: timeit now repeats the benchmarks 5 times instead of only 3 " +"to make benchmarks more reliable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36778 +msgid "" +":issue:`28240`: timeit autorange now uses a single loop iteration if the " +"benchmark takes less than 10 seconds, instead of 10 iterations. \"python3 -m" +" timeit -s 'import time' 'time.sleep(1)'\" now takes 4 seconds instead of 40" +" seconds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36783 +msgid "" +"Distutils.sdist now looks for README and setup.py files with case " +"sensitivity. This behavior matches that found in Setuptools 6.0 and later. " +"See `setuptools 100 `_ for " +"rationale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36788 +msgid "" +":issue:`24452`: Make webbrowser support Chrome on Mac OS X. Patch by Ned " +"Batchelder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36791 ../NEWS:40112 ../NEWS:43668 +msgid "" +":issue:`20766`: Fix references leaked by pdb in the handling of SIGINT " +"handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36794 ../NEWS:40228 +msgid "" +":issue:`27998`: Fixed bytes path support in os.scandir() on Windows. Patch " +"by Eryk Sun." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36797 ../NEWS:40231 +msgid ":issue:`28317`: The disassembler now decodes FORMAT_VALUE argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36799 ../NEWS:40237 +msgid "" +":issue:`28380`: unittest.mock Mock autospec functions now properly support " +"assert_called, assert_not_called, and assert_called_once." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36802 ../NEWS:40242 +msgid ":issue:`28229`: lzma module now supports pathlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36804 ../NEWS:40244 ../NEWS:43675 +msgid "" +":issue:`28321`: Fixed writing non-BMP characters with binary format in " +"plistlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36807 ../NEWS:40247 +msgid "" +":issue:`28225`: bz2 module now supports pathlib. Initial patch by Ethan " +"Furman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36810 ../NEWS:40250 +msgid ":issue:`28227`: gzip now supports pathlib. Patch by Ethan Furman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36812 +msgid "" +":issue:`28332`: Deprecated silent truncations in socket.htons and " +"socket.ntohs. Original patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36815 ../NEWS:40252 +msgid "" +":issue:`27358`: Optimized merging var-keyword arguments and improved error " +"message when passing a non-mapping as a var-keyword argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36818 ../NEWS:40255 +msgid "" +":issue:`28257`: Improved error message when passing a non-iterable as a var-" +"positional argument. Added opcode BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK_WITH_CALL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36821 ../NEWS:40258 ../NEWS:43678 +msgid "" +":issue:`28322`: Fixed possible crashes when unpickle itertools objects from " +"incorrect pickle data. Based on patch by John Leitch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36824 ../NEWS:40261 +msgid ":issue:`28228`: imghdr now supports pathlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36826 ../NEWS:40263 +msgid ":issue:`28226`: compileall now supports pathlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36828 ../NEWS:40265 +msgid "" +":issue:`28314`: Fix function declaration (C flags) for the getiterator() " +"method of xml.etree.ElementTree.Element." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36831 ../NEWS:40268 +msgid "" +":issue:`28148`: Stop using localtime() and gmtime() in the time module. " +"Introduced platform independent _PyTime_localtime API that is similar to " +"POSIX localtime_r, but available on all platforms. Patch by Ed Schouten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36835 ../NEWS:40272 ../NEWS:43687 +msgid "" +":issue:`28253`: Fixed calendar functions for extreme months: 0001-01 and " +"9999-12. Methods itermonthdays() and itermonthdays2() are reimplemented so " +"that they don't call itermonthdates() which can cause datetime.date " +"under/overflow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36840 ../NEWS:40277 ../NEWS:43692 +msgid "" +":issue:`28275`: Fixed possible use after free in the decompress() methods of" +" the LZMADecompressor and BZ2Decompressor classes. Original patch by John " +"Leitch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36844 ../NEWS:40281 ../NEWS:43696 +msgid "" +":issue:`27897`: Fixed possible crash in " +"sqlite3.Connection.create_collation() if pass invalid string-like object as " +"a name. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36847 ../NEWS:40284 +msgid "" +":issue:`18844`: random.choices() now has k as a keyword-only argument to " +"improve the readability of common cases and come into line with the " +"signature used in other languages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36851 ../NEWS:40288 ../NEWS:43699 +msgid "" +":issue:`18893`: Fix invalid exception handling in " +"Lib/ctypes/macholib/dyld.py. Patch by Madison May." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36854 ../NEWS:40291 +msgid "" +":issue:`27611`: Fixed support of default root window in the tkinter.tix " +"module. Added the master parameter in the DisplayStyle constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36857 ../NEWS:40294 ../NEWS:43704 +msgid "" +":issue:`27348`: In the traceback module, restore the formatting of exception" +" messages like \"Exception: None\". This fixes a regression introduced in " +"3.5a2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36861 ../NEWS:40298 ../NEWS:43708 +msgid "" +":issue:`25651`: Allow false values to be used for msg parameter of " +"subTest()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36863 ../NEWS:40300 +msgid "" +":issue:`27778`: Fix a memory leak in os.getrandom() when the getrandom() is " +"interrupted by a signal and a signal handler raises a Python exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36866 ../NEWS:40303 +msgid "" +":issue:`28200`: Fix memory leak on Windows in the os module (fix " +"path_converter() function)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36869 ../NEWS:40306 +msgid "" +":issue:`25400`: RobotFileParser now correctly returns default values for " +"crawl_delay and request_rate. Initial patch by Peter Wirtz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36872 ../NEWS:40309 ../NEWS:43710 +msgid ":issue:`27932`: Prevent memory leak in win32_ver()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36874 ../NEWS:40311 ../NEWS:43712 +msgid "Fix UnboundLocalError in socket._sendfile_use_sendfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36876 ../NEWS:40313 ../NEWS:43714 +msgid "" +":issue:`28075`: Check for ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED in Windows implementation of " +"os.stat(). Patch by Eryk Sun." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36879 ../NEWS:40316 +msgid "" +":issue:`22493`: Warning message emitted by using inline flags in the middle " +"of regular expression now contains a (truncated) regex pattern. Patch by Tim" +" Graham." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36883 ../NEWS:40320 ../NEWS:43717 +msgid "" +":issue:`25270`: Prevent codecs.escape_encode() from raising SystemError when" +" an empty bytestring is passed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36886 ../NEWS:40323 ../NEWS:43720 +msgid ":issue:`28181`: Get antigravity over HTTPS. Patch by Kaartic Sivaraam." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36888 ../NEWS:40325 ../NEWS:43722 +msgid "" +":issue:`25895`: Enable WebSocket URL schemes in urllib.parse.urljoin. Patch " +"by Gergely Imreh and Markus Holtermann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36891 ../NEWS:40328 +msgid "" +":issue:`28114`: Fix a crash in parse_envlist() when env contains byte " +"strings. Patch by Eryk Sun." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36894 ../NEWS:40331 ../NEWS:43725 +msgid "" +":issue:`27599`: Fixed buffer overrun in binascii.b2a_qp() and " +"binascii.a2b_qp()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36897 ../NEWS:40334 ../NEWS:43908 +msgid "" +":issue:`27906`: Fix socket accept exhaustion during high TCP traffic. Patch " +"by Kevin Conway." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36900 ../NEWS:40337 ../NEWS:43911 +msgid "" +":issue:`28174`: Handle when SO_REUSEPORT isn't properly supported. Patch by " +"Seth Michael Larson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36903 ../NEWS:40340 ../NEWS:43914 +msgid "" +":issue:`26654`: Inspect functools.partial in asyncio.Handle.__repr__. Patch " +"by iceboy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36906 ../NEWS:40343 ../NEWS:43917 +msgid ":issue:`26909`: Fix slow pipes IO in asyncio. Patch by INADA Naoki." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36908 ../NEWS:40345 ../NEWS:43919 +msgid "" +":issue:`28176`: Fix callbacks race in asyncio.SelectorLoop.sock_connect." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36910 ../NEWS:40347 ../NEWS:43921 +msgid "" +":issue:`27759`: Fix selectors incorrectly retain invalid file descriptors. " +"Patch by Mark Williams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36913 +msgid "" +":issue:`28325`: Remove vestigial MacOS 9 macurl2path module and its tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36915 ../NEWS:40350 ../NEWS:43924 +msgid "" +":issue:`28368`: Refuse monitoring processes if the child watcher has no loop" +" attached. Patch by Vincent Michel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36918 ../NEWS:40353 ../NEWS:43927 +msgid "" +":issue:`28369`: Raise RuntimeError when transport's FD is used with " +"add_reader, add_writer, etc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36921 ../NEWS:40356 ../NEWS:43930 +msgid "" +":issue:`28370`: Speedup asyncio.StreamReader.readexactly. Patch by Коренберг" +" Марк." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36924 ../NEWS:40359 ../NEWS:43933 +msgid ":issue:`28371`: Deprecate passing asyncio.Handles to run_in_executor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36926 ../NEWS:40361 ../NEWS:43935 +msgid "" +":issue:`28372`: Fix asyncio to support formatting of non-python coroutines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36928 ../NEWS:40363 ../NEWS:43937 +msgid "" +":issue:`28399`: Remove UNIX socket from FS before binding. Patch by " +"Коренберг Марк." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36931 ../NEWS:40366 ../NEWS:43940 +msgid ":issue:`27972`: Prohibit Tasks to await on themselves." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36933 ../NEWS:39888 +msgid "" +":issue:`24142`: Reading a corrupt config file left configparser in an " +"invalid state. Original patch by Florian Höch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36936 ../NEWS:39236 +msgid "" +":issue:`29581`: ABCMeta.__new__ now accepts ``**kwargs``, allowing abstract " +"base classes to use keyword parameters in __init_subclass__. Patch by Nate " +"Soares." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36940 ../NEWS:38429 +msgid "" +":issue:`25532`: inspect.unwrap() will now only try to unwrap an object " +"sys.getrecursionlimit() times, to protect against objects which create a new" +" object on every attribute access." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36944 ../NEWS:39370 +msgid "" +":issue:`30177`: path.resolve(strict=False) no longer cuts the path after the" +" first element not present in the filesystem. Patch by Antoine Pietri." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36950 ../NEWS:38856 +msgid "" +":issue:`31294`: Fix incomplete code snippet in the ZeroMQSocketListener and " +"ZeroMQSocketHandler examples and adapt them to Python 3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36953 ../NEWS:38859 +msgid "" +":issue:`21649`: Add RFC 7525 and Mozilla server side TLS links to SSL " +"documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36956 +msgid ":issue:`31128`: Allow the pydoc server to bind to arbitrary hostnames." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36958 ../NEWS:38862 +msgid "" +":issue:`30803`: Clarify doc on truth value testing. Original patch by Peter " +"Thomassen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36961 ../NEWS:39425 ../NEWS:43341 +msgid "" +":issue:`30176`: Add missing attribute related constants in curses " +"documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36964 ../NEWS:39428 +msgid "" +":issue:`30052`: the link targets for :func:`bytes` and :func:`bytearray` are" +" now their respective type definitions, rather than the corresponding " +"builtin function entries. Use :ref:`bytes ` and :ref:`bytearray " +"` to reference the latter. In order to ensure this and " +"future cross-reference updates are applied automatically, the daily " +"documentation builds now disable the default output caching features in " +"Sphinx." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36972 ../NEWS:39436 ../NEWS:43344 +msgid "" +":issue:`26985`: Add missing info of code object in inspect documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36974 +msgid "" +":issue:`19824`: Improve the documentation for, and links to, template " +"strings by emphasizing their utility for internationalization, and by " +"clarifying some usage constraints. (See also: :issue:`20314`, " +":issue:`12518`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36978 ../NEWS:39745 ../NEWS:43346 +msgid ":issue:`28929`: Link the documentation to its source file on GitHub." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36980 ../NEWS:39747 ../NEWS:43348 +msgid "" +":issue:`25008`: Document smtpd.py as effectively deprecated and add a " +"pointer to aiosmtpd, a third-party asyncio-based replacement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36983 ../NEWS:39750 ../NEWS:43351 +msgid "" +":issue:`26355`: Add canonical header link on each page to corresponding " +"major version of the documentation. Patch by Matthias Bussonnier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36986 ../NEWS:39753 ../NEWS:43354 +msgid "" +":issue:`29349`: Fix Python 2 syntax in code for building the documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36988 +msgid "" +":issue:`23722`: The data model reference and the porting section in the 3.6 " +"What's New guide now cover the additional ``__classcell__`` handling needed " +"for custom metaclasses to fully support :pep:`487` and zero-argument " +"``super()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36993 ../NEWS:40004 ../NEWS:44008 +msgid ":issue:`28513`: Documented command-line interface of zipfile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:36998 +msgid "" +":issue:`29639`: test.support.HOST is now \"localhost\", a new HOSTv4 " +"constant has been added for your ``127.0.0.1`` needs, similar to the " +"existing HOSTv6 constant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37002 ../NEWS:38868 +msgid ":issue:`31320`: Silence traceback in test_ssl" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37004 +msgid "" +":issue:`31346`: Prefer PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT and PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER protocols" +" for SSLContext." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37007 ../NEWS:38870 +msgid ":issue:`25674`: Remove sha256.tbs-internet.com ssl test" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37009 ../NEWS:38872 +msgid "" +":issue:`30715`: Address ALPN callback changes for OpenSSL 1.1.0f. The latest" +" version behaves like OpenSSL 1.0.2 and no longer aborts handshake." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37012 ../NEWS:38875 +msgid "" +":issue:`30822`: regrtest: Exclude tzdata from regrtest --all. When running " +"the test suite using --use=all / -u all, exclude tzdata since it makes " +"test_datetime too slow (15-20 min on some buildbots) which then times out on" +" some buildbots. Fix also regrtest command line parser to allow passing -u " +"extralargefile to run test_zipfile64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37018 ../NEWS:38481 +msgid "" +":issue:`30695`: Add the ``set_nomemory(start, stop)`` and " +"``remove_mem_hooks()`` functions to the ``_testcapi`` module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37021 ../NEWS:39447 ../NEWS:43373 +msgid "" +":issue:`30357`: test_thread: setUp() now uses support.threading_setup() and " +"support.threading_cleanup() to wait until threads complete to avoid random " +"side effects on following tests. Initial patch written by Grzegorz Grzywacz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37026 ../NEWS:39452 ../NEWS:43382 +msgid "" +":issue:`30197`: Enhanced functions swap_attr() and swap_item() in the " +"test.support module. They now work when delete replaced attribute or item " +"inside the with statement. The old value of the attribute or item (or None " +"if it doesn't exist) now will be assigned to the target of the \"as\" " +"clause, if there is one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37032 +msgid ":issue:`24932`: Use proper command line parsing in _testembed" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37034 ../NEWS:39768 +msgid "" +":issue:`28950`: Disallow -j0 to be combined with -T/-l in regrtest command " +"line arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37037 ../NEWS:39771 +msgid "" +":issue:`28683`: Fix the tests that bind() a unix socket and raise " +"PermissionError on Android for a non-root user." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37040 +msgid "" +":issue:`26936`: Fix the test_socket failures on Android - getservbyname(), " +"getservbyport() and getaddrinfo() are broken on some Android API levels." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37043 ../NEWS:40009 ../NEWS:44016 +msgid "" +":issue:`28666`: Now test.support.rmtree is able to remove unwritable or " +"unreadable directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37046 ../NEWS:40012 ../NEWS:44019 +msgid "" +":issue:`23839`: Various caches now are cleared before running every test " +"file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37048 ../NEWS:40144 +msgid "" +":issue:`26944`: Fix test_posix for Android where 'id -G' is entirely wrong " +"or missing the effective gid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37051 ../NEWS:40147 ../NEWS:44021 +msgid ":issue:`28409`: regrtest: fix the parser of command line arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37053 ../NEWS:40415 +msgid ":issue:`28217`: Adds _testconsole module to test console input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37055 ../NEWS:39774 +msgid "" +":issue:`26939`: Add the support.setswitchinterval() function to fix " +"test_functools hanging on the Android armv7 qemu emulator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37061 +msgid "" +":issue:`31354`: Allow ``--with-lto`` to be used on all builds, not just " +"``make profile-opt``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37064 +msgid "" +":issue:`31370`: Remove support for building --without-threads. This option " +"is not really useful anymore in the 21st century. Removing lots of " +"conditional paths allows us to simplify the code base, including in " +"difficult to maintain low-level internal code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37069 +msgid "" +":issue:`31341`: Per :pep:`11`, support for the IRIX operating system was " +"removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37072 ../NEWS:38884 +msgid "" +":issue:`30854`: Fix compile error when compiling --without-threads. Patch by" +" Masayuki Yamamoto." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37075 ../NEWS:39461 ../NEWS:43410 +msgid "" +":issue:`30687`: Locate msbuild.exe on Windows when building rather than " +"vcvarsall.bat" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37078 +msgid "" +":issue:`20210`: Support the *disabled* marker in Setup files. Extension " +"modules listed after this marker are not built at all, neither by the " +"Makefile nor by setup.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37082 ../NEWS:39405 +msgid "" +":issue:`29941`: Add ``--with-assertions`` configure flag to explicitly " +"enable C ``assert()`` checks. Defaults to off. ``--with-pydebug`` implies " +"``--with-assertions``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37086 ../NEWS:39409 +msgid "" +":issue:`28787`: Fix out-of-tree builds of Python when configured with " +"``--with--dtrace``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37089 ../NEWS:39412 ../NEWS:43397 +msgid "" +":issue:`29243`: Prevent unnecessary rebuilding of Python during ``make " +"test``, ``make install`` and some other make targets when configured with " +"``--enable-optimizations``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37093 ../NEWS:39416 ../NEWS:43401 +msgid "" +":issue:`23404`: Don't regenerate generated files based on file modification " +"time anymore: the action is now explicit. Replace ``make touch`` with ``make" +" regen-all``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37097 ../NEWS:39420 ../NEWS:43405 +msgid ":issue:`29643`: Fix ``--enable-optimization`` didn't work." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37099 ../NEWS:39780 +msgid "" +":issue:`27593`: sys.version and the platform module python_build(), " +"python_branch(), and python_revision() functions now use git information " +"rather than hg when building from a repo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37103 ../NEWS:39784 +msgid "" +":issue:`29572`: Update Windows build and OS X installers to use OpenSSL " +"1.0.2k." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37105 +msgid "" +":issue:`27659`: Prohibit implicit C function declarations: use " +"``-Werror=implicit-function-declaration`` when possible (GCC and Clang, but " +"it depends on the compiler version). Patch written by Chi Hsuan Yen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37109 +msgid ":issue:`29384`: Remove old Be OS helper scripts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37111 ../NEWS:39786 +msgid ":issue:`26851`: Set Android compilation and link flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37113 ../NEWS:39788 +msgid "" +":issue:`28768`: Fix implicit declaration of function _setmode. Patch by " +"Masayuki Yamamoto" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37116 ../NEWS:39791 ../NEWS:44059 +msgid "" +":issue:`29080`: Removes hard dependency on hg.exe from PCBuild/build.bat" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37118 ../NEWS:39793 ../NEWS:44061 +msgid ":issue:`23903`: Added missed names to PC/python3.def." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37120 ../NEWS:39795 +msgid "" +":issue:`28762`: lockf() is available on Android API level 24, but the F_LOCK" +" macro is not defined in android-ndk-r13." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37123 ../NEWS:39798 +msgid "" +":issue:`28538`: Fix the compilation error that occurs because if_nameindex()" +" is available on Android API level 24, but the if_nameindex structure is not" +" defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37127 ../NEWS:39802 +msgid "" +":issue:`20211`: Do not add the directory for installing C header files and " +"the directory for installing object code libraries to the cross compilation " +"search paths. Original patch by Thomas Petazzoni." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37131 ../NEWS:39806 +msgid "" +":issue:`28849`: Do not define sys.implementation._multiarch on Android." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37133 ../NEWS:40017 ../NEWS:44063 +msgid "" +":issue:`10656`: Fix out-of-tree building on AIX. Patch by Tristan Carel and" +" Michael Haubenwallner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37136 ../NEWS:40020 ../NEWS:44066 +msgid ":issue:`26359`: Rename --with-optimiations to --enable-optimizations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37138 ../NEWS:40135 ../NEWS:44068 +msgid ":issue:`28444`: Fix missing extensions modules when cross compiling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37140 ../NEWS:40137 +msgid "" +":issue:`28208`: Update Windows build and OS X installers to use SQLite " +"3.14.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37142 ../NEWS:40139 ../NEWS:44070 +msgid "" +":issue:`28248`: Update Windows build and OS X installers to use OpenSSL " +"1.0.2j." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37144 +msgid "" +":issue:`21124`: Fix building the _struct module on Cygwin by passing " +"``NULL`` instead of ``&PyType_Type`` to PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT. Patch by " +"Masayuki Yamamoto." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37148 +msgid "" +":issue:`13756`: Fix building extensions modules on Cygwin. Patch by Roumen " +"Petrov, based on original patch by Jason Tishler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37151 +msgid "" +":issue:`21085`: Add configure check for siginfo_t.si_band, which Cygwin does" +" not provide. Patch by Masayuki Yamamoto with review and rebase by Erik " +"Bray." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37155 ../NEWS:40404 ../NEWS:44072 +msgid "" +":issue:`28258`: Fixed build with Estonian locale (python-config and " +"distclean targets in Makefile). Patch by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar " +"Arahesis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37158 ../NEWS:40407 ../NEWS:44075 +msgid "" +":issue:`26661`: setup.py now detects system libffi with multiarch wrapper." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37160 +msgid "" +":issue:`27979`: A full copy of libffi is no longer bundled for use when " +"building _ctypes on non-OSX UNIX platforms. An installed copy of libffi is " +"now required when building _ctypes on such platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37164 ../NEWS:40409 ../NEWS:44080 +msgid "" +":issue:`15819`: Remove redundant include search directory option for " +"building outside the source tree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37167 ../NEWS:40022 ../NEWS:44117 +msgid "" +":issue:`28676`: Prevent missing 'getentropy' declaration warning on macOS. " +"Patch by Gareth Rees." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37173 +msgid ":issue:`31392`: Update Windows build to use OpenSSL 1.1.0f" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37175 ../NEWS:38890 +msgid "" +":issue:`30389`: Adds detection of Visual Studio 2017 to distutils on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37177 +msgid "" +":issue:`31358`: zlib is no longer bundled in the CPython source, instead it " +"is downloaded on demand just like bz2, lzma, OpenSSL, Tcl/Tk, and SQLite." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37180 ../NEWS:38892 +msgid "" +":issue:`31340`: Change to building with MSVC v141 (included with Visual " +"Studio 2017)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37183 ../NEWS:38895 +msgid "" +":issue:`30581`: os.cpu_count() now returns the correct number of processors " +"on Windows when the number of logical processors is greater than 64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37186 +msgid "" +":issue:`30916`: Pre-build OpenSSL, Tcl and Tk and include the binaries in " +"the build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37189 ../NEWS:38898 +msgid "" +":issue:`30731`: Add a missing xmlns to python.manifest so that it matches " +"the schema." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37192 +msgid "" +":issue:`30291`: Allow requiring 64-bit interpreters from py.exe using -64 " +"suffix. Contributed by Steve (Gadget) Barnes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37195 +msgid "" +":issue:`30362`: Adds list options (-0, -0p) to py.exe launcher. Contributed " +"by Steve Barnes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37198 +msgid "" +":issue:`23451`: Fix socket deprecation warnings in socketmodule.c. Patch by " +"Segev Finer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37201 ../NEWS:39464 +msgid "" +":issue:`30450`: The build process on Windows no longer depends on " +"Subversion, instead pulling external code from GitHub via a Python script. " +"If Python 3.6 is not found on the system (via ``py -3.6``), NuGet is used to" +" download a copy of 32-bit Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37206 +msgid ":issue:`29579`: Removes readme.txt from the installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37208 ../NEWS:39721 +msgid "" +":issue:`25778`: winreg does not truncate string correctly (Patch by Eryk " +"Sun)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37210 +msgid "" +":issue:`28896`: Deprecate WindowsRegistryFinder and disable it by default" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37212 ../NEWS:40130 +msgid ":issue:`28522`: Fixes mishandled buffer reallocation in getpathp.c" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37214 ../NEWS:40371 +msgid ":issue:`28402`: Adds signed catalog files for stdlib on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37216 ../NEWS:40373 +msgid "" +":issue:`28333`: Enables Unicode for ps1/ps2 and input() prompts. (Patch by " +"Eryk Sun)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37219 ../NEWS:40376 ../NEWS:44044 +msgid ":issue:`28251`: Improvements to help manuals on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37221 ../NEWS:40378 ../NEWS:44046 +msgid "" +":issue:`28110`: launcher.msi has different product codes between 32-bit and " +"64-bit" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37224 ../NEWS:40381 +msgid ":issue:`28161`: Opening CON for write access fails" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37226 ../NEWS:40383 +msgid "" +":issue:`28162`: WindowsConsoleIO readall() fails if first line starts with " +"Ctrl+Z" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37229 ../NEWS:40386 +msgid "" +":issue:`28163`: WindowsConsoleIO fileno() passes wrong flags to " +"_open_osfhandle" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37231 ../NEWS:40388 +msgid ":issue:`28164`: _PyIO_get_console_type fails for various paths" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37233 ../NEWS:40390 +msgid ":issue:`28137`: Renames Windows path file to ._pth" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37235 ../NEWS:40392 +msgid ":issue:`28138`: Windows ._pth file should allow import site" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37240 ../NEWS:38904 +msgid "" +":issue:`31493`: IDLE code context -- fix code update and font update timers." +" Canceling timers prevents a warning message when test_idle completes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37243 ../NEWS:38907 +msgid "" +":issue:`31488`: IDLE - Update non-key options in former extension classes. " +"When applying configdialog changes, call .reload for each feature class. " +"Change ParenMatch so updated options affect existing instances attached to " +"existing editor windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37248 ../NEWS:38912 +msgid "" +":issue:`31477`: IDLE - Improve rstrip entry in doc. Strip trailing " +"whitespace strips more than blank spaces. Multiline string literals are not" +" skipped." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37251 ../NEWS:38915 +msgid "" +":issue:`31480`: IDLE - make tests pass with zzdummy extension disabled by " +"default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37254 ../NEWS:38918 +msgid "" +":issue:`31421`: Document how IDLE runs tkinter programs. IDLE calls tcl/tk " +"update in the background in order to make live interaction and " +"experimentation with tkinter applications much easier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37258 ../NEWS:38922 +msgid "" +":issue:`31414`: IDLE -- fix tk entry box tests by deleting first. Adding to " +"an int entry is not the same as deleting and inserting because int('') will " +"fail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37262 ../NEWS:38926 +msgid "" +":issue:`31051`: Rearrange IDLE configdialog GenPage into Window, Editor, and" +" Help sections." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37265 ../NEWS:38929 +msgid "" +":issue:`30617`: IDLE - Add docstrings and tests for outwin subclass of " +"editor. Move some data and functions from the class to module level. Patch " +"by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37269 ../NEWS:38933 +msgid "" +":issue:`31287`: IDLE - Do not modify tkinter.message in test_configdialog." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37271 ../NEWS:38935 +msgid "" +":issue:`27099`: Convert IDLE's built-in 'extensions' to regular features. " +"About 10 IDLE features were implemented as supposedly optional extensions. " +"Their different behavior could be confusing or worse for users and not good " +"for maintenance. Hence the conversion. The main difference for users is that" +" user configurable key bindings for builtin features are now handled " +"uniformly. Now, editing a binding in a keyset only affects its value in the " +"keyset. All bindings are defined together in the system-specific default " +"keysets in config-extensions.def. All custom keysets are saved as a whole in" +" config-extension.cfg. All take effect as soon as one clicks Apply or Ok. " +"The affected events are '<>', '<>', " +"'<>', '<>', '<>', '<>', '<>', and '<>'. Any (global) " +"customizations made before 3.6.3 will not affect their keyset-specific " +"customization after 3.6.3. and vice versa. Initial patch by Charles " +"Wohlganger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37287 ../NEWS:38951 +msgid "" +":issue:`31206`: IDLE: Factor HighPage(Frame) class from ConfigDialog. Patch " +"by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37290 ../NEWS:38954 +msgid "" +":issue:`31001`: Add tests for configdialog highlight tab. Patch by Cheryl " +"Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37293 ../NEWS:38957 +msgid "" +":issue:`31205`: IDLE: Factor KeysPage(Frame) class from ConfigDialog. The " +"slightly modified tests continue to pass. Patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37296 ../NEWS:38960 +msgid "" +":issue:`31130`: IDLE -- stop leaks in test_configdialog. Initial patch by " +"Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37299 ../NEWS:38963 +msgid "" +":issue:`31002`: Add tests for configdialog keys tab. Patch by Cheryl " +"Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37301 ../NEWS:38965 +msgid "" +":issue:`19903`: IDLE: Calltips use ``inspect.signature`` instead of " +"``inspect.getfullargspec``. This improves calltips for builtins converted to" +" use Argument Clinic. Patch by Louie Lu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37305 ../NEWS:38969 +msgid "" +":issue:`31083`: IDLE - Add an outline of a TabPage class in configdialog. " +"Update existing classes to match outline. Initial patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37308 ../NEWS:38972 +msgid "" +":issue:`31050`: Factor GenPage(Frame) class from ConfigDialog. The slightly " +"modified tests continue to pass. Patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37311 ../NEWS:38975 +msgid "" +":issue:`31004`: IDLE - Factor FontPage(Frame) class from ConfigDialog. " +"Slightly modified tests continue to pass. Fix General tests. Patch mostly by" +" Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37315 ../NEWS:38979 +msgid "" +":issue:`30781`: IDLE - Use ttk widgets in ConfigDialog. Patches by Terry Jan" +" Reedy and Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37318 ../NEWS:38982 +msgid "" +":issue:`31060`: IDLE - Finish rearranging methods of ConfigDialog Grouping " +"methods pertaining to each tab and the buttons will aid writing tests and " +"improving the tabs and will enable splitting the groups into classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37322 ../NEWS:38986 +msgid "" +":issue:`30853`: IDLE -- Factor a VarTrace class out of ConfigDialog. " +"Instance tracers manages pairs consisting of a tk variable and a callback " +"function. When tracing is turned on, setting the variable calls the " +"function. Test coverage for the new class is 100%." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37327 ../NEWS:38991 +msgid ":issue:`31003`: IDLE: Add more tests for General tab." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37329 ../NEWS:38993 +msgid "" +":issue:`30993`: IDLE - Improve configdialog font page and tests. In " +"configdialog: Document causal pathways in create_font_tab docstring. " +"Simplify some attribute names. Move set_samples calls to var_changed_font " +"(idea from Cheryl Sabella). Move related functions to positions after the " +"create widgets function. In test_configdialog: Fix test_font_set so not " +"order dependent. Fix renamed test_indent_scale so it tests the widget. " +"Adjust tests for movement of set_samples call. Add tests for load " +"functions. Put all font tests in one class and tab indent tests in another." +" Except for two lines, these tests completely cover the related functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37340 ../NEWS:39004 +msgid ":issue:`30981`: IDLE -- Add more configdialog font page tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37342 ../NEWS:39006 +msgid ":issue:`28523`: IDLE: replace 'colour' with 'color' in configdialog." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37344 ../NEWS:39008 +msgid "" +":issue:`30917`: Add tests for idlelib.config.IdleConf. Increase coverage " +"from 46% to 96%. Patch by Louie Lu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37347 ../NEWS:39011 +msgid "" +":issue:`30934`: Document coverage details for idlelib tests. Add section to " +"idlelib/idle-test/README.txt. Include check that branches are taken both " +"ways. Exclude IDLE-specific code that does not run during unit tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37351 ../NEWS:39015 +msgid "" +":issue:`30913`: IDLE: Document ConfigDialog tk Vars, methods, and widgets in" +" docstrings This will facilitate improving the dialog and splitting up the " +"class. Original patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37355 ../NEWS:39019 +msgid "" +":issue:`30899`: IDLE: Add tests for ConfigParser subclasses in config. Patch" +" by Louie Lu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37358 ../NEWS:39022 +msgid "" +":issue:`30881`: IDLE: Add docstrings to browser.py. Patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37360 ../NEWS:39024 +msgid "" +":issue:`30851`: IDLE: Remove unused variables in configdialog. One is a " +"duplicate, one is set but cannot be altered by users. Patch by Cheryl " +"Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37364 ../NEWS:39028 +msgid "" +":issue:`30870`: IDLE: In Settings dialog, select font with Up, Down keys as " +"well as mouse. Initial patch by Louie Lu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37367 ../NEWS:39031 +msgid ":issue:`8231`: IDLE: call config.IdleConf.GetUserCfgDir only once." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37369 ../NEWS:39033 +msgid "" +":issue:`30779`: IDLE: Factor ConfigChanges class from configdialog, put in " +"config; test. * In config, put dump test code in a function; run it and " +"unittest in 'if __name__ == '__main__'. * Add class config.ConfigChanges " +"based on changes_class_v4.py on bpo issue. * Add class " +"test_config.ChangesTest, partly using configdialog_tests_v1.py. * Revise " +"configdialog to use ConfigChanges; see tracker msg297804. * Revise " +"test_configdialog to match configdialog changes. * Remove configdialog " +"functions unused or moved to ConfigChanges. Cheryl Sabella contributed parts" +" of the patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37379 ../NEWS:39043 +msgid "" +":issue:`30777`: IDLE: configdialog - Add docstrings and fix comments. Patch " +"by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37382 ../NEWS:39046 +msgid "" +":issue:`30495`: IDLE: Improve textview with docstrings, PEP8 names, and more" +" tests. Patch by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37385 ../NEWS:39049 +msgid "" +":issue:`30723`: IDLE: Make several improvements to parenmatch. Add 'parens' " +"style to highlight both opener and closer. Make 'default' style, which is " +"not default, a synonym for 'opener'. Make time-delay work the same with all " +"styles. Add help for config dialog extensions tab, including help for " +"parenmatch. Add new tests. Original patch by Charles Wohlganger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37391 ../NEWS:39055 +msgid "" +":issue:`30674`: IDLE: add docstrings to grep module. Patch by Cheryl Sabella" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37393 ../NEWS:39057 +msgid "" +":issue:`21519`: IDLE's basic custom key entry dialog now detects duplicates " +"properly. Original patch by Saimadhav Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37396 ../NEWS:39060 +msgid "" +":issue:`29910`: IDLE no longer deletes a character after commenting out a " +"region by a key shortcut. Add ``return 'break'`` for this and other " +"potential conflicts between IDLE and default key bindings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37400 ../NEWS:39064 +msgid "" +":issue:`30728`: Review and change idlelib.configdialog names. Lowercase " +"method and attribute names. Replace 'colour' with 'color', expand overly " +"cryptic names, delete unneeded underscores. Replace ``import *`` with " +"specific imports. Patches by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37405 ../NEWS:39069 +msgid "" +":issue:`6739`: IDLE: Verify user-entered key sequences by trying to bind " +"them with tk. Add tests for all 3 validation functions. Original patch by G " +"Polo. Tests added by Cheryl Sabella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37409 ../NEWS:39376 +msgid "" +":issue:`15786`: Fix several problems with IDLE's autocompletion box. The " +"following should now work: clicking on selection box items; using the " +"scrollbar; selecting an item by hitting Return. Hangs on MacOSX should no " +"longer happen. Patch by Louie Lu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37414 ../NEWS:39381 +msgid "" +":issue:`25514`: Add doc subsubsection about IDLE failure to start. Popup no-" +"connection message directs users to this section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37417 ../NEWS:39384 +msgid "" +":issue:`30642`: Fix reference leaks in IDLE tests. Patches by Louie Lu and " +"Terry Jan Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37420 ../NEWS:39387 +msgid "" +":issue:`30495`: Add docstrings for textview.py and use PEP8 names. Patches " +"by Cheryl Sabella and Terry Jan Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37423 ../NEWS:39390 +msgid "" +":issue:`30290`: Help-about: use pep8 names and add tests. Increase coverage " +"to 100%. Patches by Louie Lu, Cheryl Sabella, and Terry Jan Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37426 ../NEWS:39393 +msgid "" +":issue:`30303`: Add _utest option to textview; add new tests. Increase " +"coverage to 100%. Patches by Louie Lu and Terry Jan Reedy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37429 ../NEWS:39702 +msgid "" +":issue:`29071`: IDLE colors f-string prefixes (but not invalid ur prefixes)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37431 ../NEWS:39704 +msgid "" +":issue:`28572`: Add 10% to coverage of IDLE's test_configdialog. Update and " +"augment description of the configuration system." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37437 ../NEWS:39076 +msgid "" +":issue:`30983`: gdb integration commands (py-bt, etc.) work on optimized " +"shared builds now, too. :pep:`523` introduced _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault " +"which inlines PyEval_EvalFrameEx on non-debug shared builds. This broke the" +" ability to use py-bt, py-up, and a few other Python-specific gdb " +"integrations. The problem is fixed by only looking for " +"_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault frames in python-gdb.py. Original patch by Bruno " +"\"Polaco\" Penteado." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37445 +msgid ":issue:`29748`: Added the slice index converter in Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37447 +msgid "" +":issue:`24037`: Argument Clinic now uses the converter " +"``bool(accept={int})`` rather than ``int`` for semantical booleans. This " +"avoids repeating the default value for Python and C and will help in " +"converting to ``bool`` in future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37452 ../NEWS:39441 +msgid "" +":issue:`29367`: python-gdb.py now supports also ``method-wrapper`` " +"(``wrapperobject``) objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37455 ../NEWS:39909 +msgid "" +":issue:`28023`: Fix python-gdb.py didn't support new dict implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37457 +msgid "" +":issue:`15369`: The pybench and pystone microbenchmark have been removed " +"from Tools. Please use the new Python benchmark suite " +"https://github.com/python/pyperformance which is more reliable and includes " +"a portable version of pybench working on Python 2 and Python 3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37462 +msgid "" +":issue:`28102`: The zipfile module CLI now prints usage to stderr. Patch by " +"Stephen J. Turnbull." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37468 +msgid "" +":issue:`31338`: Added the ``Py_UNREACHABLE()`` macro for code paths which " +"are never expected to be reached. This and a few other useful macros are " +"now documented in the C API manual." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37472 +msgid "" +":issue:`30832`: Remove own implementation for thread-local storage. CPython " +"has provided the own implementation for thread-local storage (TLS) on " +"Python/thread.c, it's used in the case which a platform has not supplied " +"native TLS. However, currently all supported platforms (Windows and " +"pthreads) have provided native TLS and defined the Py_HAVE_NATIVE_TLS macro " +"with unconditional in any case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37479 +msgid "" +":issue:`30708`: PyUnicode_AsWideCharString() now raises a ValueError if the " +"second argument is NULL and the wchar_t\\* string contains null characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37482 +msgid "" +":issue:`16500`: Deprecate PyOS_AfterFork() and add PyOS_BeforeFork(), " +"PyOS_AfterFork_Parent() and PyOS_AfterFork_Child()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37485 +msgid "" +":issue:`6532`: The type of results of PyThread_start_new_thread() and " +"PyThread_get_thread_ident(), and the id parameter of " +"PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc() changed from \"long\" to \"unsigned long\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37489 +msgid "" +":issue:`27867`: Function PySlice_GetIndicesEx() is deprecated and replaced " +"with a macro if Py_LIMITED_API is not set or set to the value between " +"0x03050400 and 0x03060000 (not including) or 0x03060100 or higher. Added " +"functions PySlice_Unpack() and PySlice_AdjustIndices()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37494 ../NEWS:39732 ../NEWS:43423 +msgid "" +":issue:`29083`: Fixed the declaration of some public API functions. " +"PyArg_VaParse() and PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords() were not available in " +"limited API. PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments(), PyArg_UnpackTuple() and " +"Py_BuildValue() were not available in limited API of version < 3.3 when " +"PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN is defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37500 +msgid "" +":issue:`28769`: The result of PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize() and " +"PyUnicode_AsUTF8() is now of type ``const char *`` rather of ``char *``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37503 ../NEWS:39738 +msgid "" +":issue:`29058`: All stable API extensions added after Python 3.2 are now " +"available only when Py_LIMITED_API is set to the PY_VERSION_HEX value of the" +" minimum Python version supporting this API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37507 +msgid "" +":issue:`28822`: The index parameters *start* and *end* of " +"PyUnicode_FindChar() are now adjusted to behave like ``str[start:end]``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37510 ../NEWS:39896 ../NEWS:43999 +msgid "" +":issue:`28808`: PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString() now never raises " +"exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37512 +msgid "" +":issue:`28761`: The fields name and doc of structures PyMemberDef, " +"PyGetSetDef, PyStructSequence_Field, PyStructSequence_Desc, and wrapperbase " +"are now of type ``const char *`` rather of ``char *``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37516 +msgid "" +":issue:`28748`: Private variable _Py_PackageContext is now of type ``const " +"char *`` rather of ``char *``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37519 +msgid "" +":issue:`19569`: Compiler warnings are now emitted if use most of deprecated " +"functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37522 ../NEWS:40397 +msgid "" +":issue:`28426`: Deprecated undocumented functions " +"PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject(), PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject(), " +"PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode() and PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37528 +msgid "Python 3.6.6 final" +msgstr "Python 3.6.6 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:37532 +msgid "There were no new changes in version 3.6.6." +msgstr "在 3.6.6 版本中没有新的更改。" + +#: ../NEWS:37537 +msgid "Python 3.6.6 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.6 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:37539 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-06-11*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-06-11*" + +#: ../NEWS:37770 +msgid ":issue:`33184`: Update Windows installer to OpenSSL 1.0.2o." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37775 +msgid ":issue:`33184`: Update macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 1.0.2o." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37807 +msgid "" +":issue:`29706`: IDLE now colors async and await as keywords in 3.6. They " +"become full keywords in 3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37848 +msgid "Python 3.6.5 final" +msgstr "Python 3.6.5 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:37850 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-03-28*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-03-28*" + +#: ../NEWS:37864 +msgid "Python 3.6.5 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.5 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:37866 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-03-13*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-03-13*" + +#: ../NEWS:37905 +msgid "" +":issue:`32329`: ``sys.flags.hash_randomization`` is now properly set to 0 " +"when hash randomization is turned off by ``PYTHONHASHSEED=0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37908 +msgid "" +":issue:`30416`: The optimizer is now protected from spending much time doing" +" complex calculations and consuming much memory for creating large constants" +" in constant folding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37935 +msgid "" +":issue:`30353`: Fix ctypes pass-by-value for structs on 64-bit Cygwin/MinGW." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:37973 +msgid "" +":issue:`32394`: socket: Remove TCP_FASTOPEN, TCP_KEEPCNT flags on older " +"version Windows during run-time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38005 +msgid "" +":issue:`32555`: On FreeBSD and Solaris, os.strerror() now always decode the " +"byte string from the current locale encoding, rather than using " +"ASCII/surrogateescape in some cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38023 +msgid "" +":issue:`32185`: The SSL module no longer sends IP addresses in SNI TLS " +"extension on platforms with OpenSSL 1.0.2+ or inet_pton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38088 +msgid "" +":issue:`31518`: Debian Unstable has disabled TLS 1.0 and 1.1 for " +"SSLv23_METHOD(). Change TLS/SSL protocol of some tests to PROTOCOL_TLS or " +"PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2 to make them pass on Debian." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38121 +msgid ":issue:`32588`: Create standalone _distutils_findvs module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38126 +msgid "" +":issue:`32726`: Provide an additional, more modern macOS installer variant " +"that supports macOS 10.9+ systems in 64-bit mode only. Upgrade the supplied " +"third-party libraries to OpenSSL 1.0.2n, XZ 5.2.3, and SQLite 3.22.0. The " +"10.9+ installer now links with and supplies its own copy of Tcl/Tk 8.6.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38182 +msgid "Python 3.6.4 final" +msgstr "Python 3.6.4 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:38184 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-12-18*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-12-18*" + +#: ../NEWS:38186 +msgid "There were no new code changes in version 3.6.4 since v3.6.4rc1." +msgstr "从 3.6.4 rc1 到 3.6.4 正式版中没有新的代码更改。" + +#: ../NEWS:38191 +msgid "Python 3.6.4 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.4 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:38220 +msgid "" +":issue:`31852`: Fix a segmentation fault caused by a combination of the " +"async soft keyword and continuation lines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38554 +msgid "" +":issue:`13802`: Use non-Latin characters in the IDLE's Font settings sample." +" Even if one selects a font that defines a limited subset of the unicode " +"Basic Multilingual Plane, tcl/tk will use other fonts that define a " +"character. The expanded example give users of non-Latin characters a better " +"idea of what they might see in IDLE's shell and editors. To make room for " +"the expanded sample, frames on the Font tab are re-arranged. The Font/Tabs " +"help explains a bit about the additions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38610 +msgid "Python 3.6.3 final" +msgstr "Python 3.6.3 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:38612 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-10-03*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-10-03*" + +#: ../NEWS:38617 +msgid "" +":issue:`31641`: Re-allow arbitrary iterables in " +"``concurrent.futures.as_completed()``. Fixes regression in 3.6.3rc1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38623 +msgid "" +":issue:`31662`: Fix typos in Windows ``uploadrelease.bat`` script. Fix " +"Windows Doc build issues in ``Doc/make.bat``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38626 +msgid "" +":issue:`31423`: Fix building the PDF documentation with newer versions of " +"Sphinx." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:38631 +msgid "Python 3.6.3 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.3 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:38633 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-09-18*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-09-18*" + +#: ../NEWS:39086 +msgid "Python 3.6.2 final" +msgstr "Python 3.6.2 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:39088 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-07-17*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-07-17*" + +#: ../NEWS:39090 ../NEWS:39814 +msgid "No changes since release candidate 2" +msgstr "自rc2起没有更改" + +#: ../NEWS:39095 +msgid "Python 3.6.2 release candidate 2" +msgstr "Python 3.6.2 rc2" + +#: ../NEWS:39097 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-07-07*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-07-07*" + +#: ../NEWS:39122 +msgid "Python 3.6.2 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.2 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:39124 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-06-17*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-06-17*" + +#: ../NEWS:39139 +msgid "" +":issue:`30604`: Move co_extra_freefuncs to not be per-thread to avoid " +"crashes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39169 ../NEWS:43075 +msgid ":issue:`29600`: Fix wrapping coroutine return values in StopIteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39198 ../NEWS:43141 +msgid "" +":issue:`30645`: Fix path calculation in imp.load_package(), fixing it for " +"cases when a package is only shipped with bytecodes. Patch by Alexandru " +"Ardelean." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39208 +msgid "" +":issue:`24484`: Avoid race condition in multiprocessing cleanup (#2159)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39282 ../NEWS:43209 +msgid "" +":issue:`26293`: Change resulted because of zipfile breakage. (See also: " +":issue:`29094`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39356 ../NEWS:43276 +msgid "" +":issue:`28298`: Fix a bug that prevented array 'Q', 'L' and 'I' from " +"accepting big intables (objects that have __int__) as elements. Patch by " +"Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39399 +msgid "" +":issue:`27867`: Function PySlice_GetIndicesEx() no longer replaced with a " +"macro if Py_LIMITED_API is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39471 +msgid "Python 3.6.1 final" +msgstr "Python 3.6.1 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:39473 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-03-21*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-03-21*" + +#: ../NEWS:39489 +msgid ":issue:`27593`: fix format of git information used in sys.version" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39491 +msgid "Fix incompatible comment in python.h" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39495 +msgid "Python 3.6.1 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.1 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:39497 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-03-04*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-03-04*" + +#: ../NEWS:39608 ../NEWS:43308 +msgid "" +":issue:`29519`: Fix weakref spewing exceptions during interpreter shutdown " +"when used with a rare combination of multiprocessing and custom codecs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39624 +msgid "" +":issue:`29316`: Restore the provisional status of typing module, add " +"corresponding note to documentation. Patch by Ivan L." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39630 ../NEWS:43324 +msgid "" +":issue:`29011`: Fix an important omission by adding Deque to the typing " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39644 +msgid "" +":issue:`29203`: functools.lru_cache() now respects :pep:`468` and preserves " +"the order of keyword arguments. f(a=1, b=2) is now cached separately from " +"f(b=2, a=1) since both calls could potentially give different results." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39651 ../NEWS:43590 +msgid "" +":issue:`29094`: Offsets in a ZIP file created with extern file object and " +"modes \"w\" and \"x\" now are relative to the start of the file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39654 +msgid "" +":issue:`29085`: Allow random.Random.seed() to use high quality OS randomness" +" rather than the pid and time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39657 +msgid "" +":issue:`29061`: Fixed bug in secrets.randbelow() which would hang when given" +" a negative input. Patch by Brendan Donegan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39665 ../NEWS:43596 +msgid "" +":issue:`29119`: Fix weakrefs in the pure python version of " +"collections.OrderedDict move_to_end() method. Contributed by Andra Bogildea." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39677 +msgid "" +":issue:`29055`: Neaten-up empty population error on random.choice() by " +"suppressing the upstream exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39692 ../NEWS:43620 +msgid "" +":issue:`28847`: dbm.dumb now supports reading read-only files and no longer " +"writes the index file when it is not changed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39710 +msgid ":issue:`29579`: Removes readme.txt from the installer" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39712 +msgid "" +":issue:`29326`: Ignores blank lines in ._pth files (Patch by Alexey " +"Izbyshev)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39714 +msgid "" +":issue:`28164`: Correctly handle special console filenames (patch by Eryk " +"Sun)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39716 +msgid ":issue:`29409`: Implement :pep:`529` for io.FileIO (Patch by Eryk Sun)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39718 ../NEWS:43413 +msgid "" +":issue:`29392`: Prevent crash when passing invalid arguments into msvcrt " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39723 +msgid "" +":issue:`28896`: Deprecate WindowsRegistryFinder and disable it by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39728 +msgid "" +":issue:`27867`: Function PySlice_GetIndicesEx() is replaced with a macro if " +"Py_LIMITED_API is not set or set to the value between 0x03050400 and " +"0x03060000 (not including) or 0x03060100 or higher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39758 ../NEWS:43378 +msgid "" +":issue:`28087`: Skip test_asyncore and test_eintr poll failures on macOS. " +"Skip some tests of select.poll when running on macOS due to unresolved " +"issues with the underlying system poll function on some macOS versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39762 ../NEWS:43388 +msgid "" +":issue:`29571`: to match the behaviour of the ``re.LOCALE`` flag, " +"test_re.test_locale_flag now uses ``locale.getpreferredencoding(False)`` to " +"determine the candidate encoding for the test regex (allowing it to " +"correctly skip the test when the default locale encoding is a multi-byte " +"encoding)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39810 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 final" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:39812 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-12-23*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-12-23*" + +#: ../NEWS:39819 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 release candidate 2" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 rc2" + +#: ../NEWS:39821 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-12-16*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-12-16*" + +#: ../NEWS:39829 +msgid "" +":issue:`28990`: Fix asyncio SSL hanging if connection is closed before " +"handshake is completed. (Patch by HoHo-Ho)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39835 +msgid ":issue:`28770`: Fix python-gdb.py for fastcalls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39840 +msgid ":issue:`28896`: Deprecate WindowsRegistryFinder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39845 +msgid "" +":issue:`28898`: Prevent gdb build errors due to HAVE_LONG_LONG redefinition." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39849 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:39851 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-12-06*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-12-06*" + +#: ../NEWS:39873 +msgid "" +":issue:`27030`: Unknown escapes in re.sub() replacement template are allowed" +" again. But they still are deprecated and will be disabled in 3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39891 +msgid ":issue:`28843`: Fix asyncio C Task to handle exceptions __traceback__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39901 +msgid "" +":issue:`23722`: The data model reference and the porting section in the " +"What's New guide now cover the additional ``__classcell__`` handling needed " +"for custom metaclasses to fully support :pep:`487` and zero-argument " +"``super()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39913 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 beta 4" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 beta 4" + +#: ../NEWS:39915 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-11-21*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-11-21*" + +#: ../NEWS:39943 +msgid "" +":issue:`27243`: Change PendingDeprecationWarning -> DeprecationWarning. As " +"it was agreed in the issue, __aiter__ returning an awaitable should result " +"in PendingDeprecationWarning in 3.5 and in DeprecationWarning in 3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39962 +msgid "" +":issue:`20572`: The subprocess.Popen.wait method's undocumented endtime " +"parameter now raises a DeprecationWarning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39979 +msgid ":issue:`28600`: Optimize loop.call_soon." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39981 ../NEWS:43950 +msgid "" +":issue:`28613`: Fix get_event_loop() return the current loop if called from " +"coroutines/callbacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39984 +msgid ":issue:`28634`: Fix asyncio.isfuture() to support unittest.Mock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39986 +msgid ":issue:`26081`: Fix refleak in _asyncio.Future.__iter__().throw." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39988 ../NEWS:43953 +msgid "" +":issue:`28639`: Fix inspect.isawaitable to always return bool Patch by " +"Justin Mayfield." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39991 ../NEWS:43956 +msgid "" +":issue:`28652`: Make loop methods reject socket kinds they do not support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39993 ../NEWS:43958 +msgid ":issue:`28653`: Fix a refleak in functools.lru_cache." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39995 ../NEWS:43960 +msgid "" +":issue:`28703`: Fix asyncio.iscoroutinefunction to handle Mock objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39997 +msgid "" +":issue:`28704`: Fix create_unix_server to support Path-like objects (PEP " +"519)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:39999 +msgid ":issue:`28720`: Add collections.abc.AsyncGenerator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40027 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 beta 3" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 beta 3" + +#: ../NEWS:40029 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-10-31*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-10-31*" + +#: ../NEWS:40052 +msgid "" +":issue:`28471`: Fix \"Python memory allocator called without holding the " +"GIL\" crash in socket.setblocking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40074 +msgid "" +":issue:`18844`: The various ways of specifying weights for random.choices() " +"now produce the same result sequences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40077 ../NEWS:43652 +msgid "" +":issue:`28255`: calendar.TextCalendar().prmonth() no longer prints a space " +"at the start of new line after printing a month's calendar. Patch by Xiang " +"Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40110 ../NEWS:43666 +msgid ":issue:`24452`: Make webbrowser support Chrome on Mac OS X." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40115 +msgid "" +":issue:`28492`: Fix how StopIteration exception is raised in " +"_asyncio.Future." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40117 +msgid "" +":issue:`28500`: Fix asyncio to handle async gens GC from another thread." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40119 ../NEWS:43942 +msgid "" +":issue:`26923`: Fix asyncio.Gather to refuse being cancelled once all " +"children are done. Patch by Johannes Ebke." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40122 ../NEWS:43945 +msgid "" +":issue:`26796`: Don't configure the number of workers for default threadpool" +" executor. Initial patch by Hans Lawrenz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40125 +msgid ":issue:`28544`: Implement asyncio.Task in C." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40151 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 beta 2" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 beta 2" + +#: ../NEWS:40153 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-10-10*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-10-10*" + +#: ../NEWS:40169 +msgid "" +":issue:`28376`: Creating instances of range_iterator by calling " +"range_iterator type now is deprecated. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40172 ../NEWS:43493 +msgid "" +":issue:`28376`: The constructor of range_iterator now checks that step is " +"not 0. Patch by Oren Milman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40233 ../NEWS:43671 +msgid "" +":issue:`26293`: Fixed writing ZIP files that starts not from the start of " +"the file. Offsets in ZIP file now are relative to the start of the archive " +"in conforming to the specification." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40240 +msgid ":issue:`27181`: remove statistics.geometric_mean and defer until 3.7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40419 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 beta 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 beta 1" + +#: ../NEWS:40421 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-09-12*" +msgstr "*发布日期： 2016-09-12*" + +#: ../NEWS:40426 +msgid "" +":issue:`23722`: The __class__ cell used by zero-argument super() is now " +"initialized from type.__new__ rather than __build_class__, so class methods " +"relying on that will now work correctly when called from metaclass methods " +"during class creation. Patch by Martin Teichmann." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40431 ../NEWS:43524 +msgid "" +":issue:`25221`: Fix corrupted result from PyLong_FromLong(0) when Python is " +"compiled with NSMALLPOSINTS = 0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40434 +msgid "" +":issue:`27080`: Implement formatting support for :pep:`515`. Initial patch " +"by Chris Angelico." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40437 +msgid "" +":issue:`27199`: In tarfile, expose copyfileobj bufsize to improve " +"throughput. Patch by Jason Fried." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40440 +msgid "" +":issue:`27948`: In f-strings, only allow backslashes inside the braces " +"(where the expressions are). This is a breaking change from the 3.6 alpha " +"releases, where backslashes are allowed anywhere in an f-string. Also, " +"require that expressions inside f-strings be enclosed within literal braces," +" and not escapes like ``f'\\x7b\"hi\"\\x7d'``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40446 +msgid ":issue:`28046`: Remove platform-specific directories from sys.path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40448 +msgid ":issue:`28071`: Add early-out for differencing from an empty set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40450 ../NEWS:43527 +msgid "" +":issue:`25758`: Prevents zipimport from unnecessarily encoding a filename " +"(patch by Eryk Sun)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40453 +msgid "" +":issue:`25856`: The __module__ attribute of extension classes and functions " +"now is interned. This leads to more compact pickle data with protocol 4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40456 +msgid "" +":issue:`27213`: Rework CALL_FUNCTION* opcodes to produce shorter and more " +"efficient bytecode. Patch by Demur Rumed, design by Serhiy Storchaka, " +"reviewed by Serhiy Storchaka and Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40460 +msgid "" +":issue:`26331`: Implement tokenizing support for :pep:`515`. Patch by Georg " +"Brandl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40463 +msgid "" +":issue:`27999`: Make \"global after use\" a SyntaxError, and ditto for " +"nonlocal. Patch by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40466 +msgid ":issue:`28003`: Implement :pep:`525` -- Asynchronous Generators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40468 +msgid "" +":issue:`27985`: Implement :pep:`526` -- Syntax for Variable Annotations. " +"Patch by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40471 +msgid "" +":issue:`26058`: Add a new private version to the builtin dict type, " +"incremented at each dictionary creation and at each dictionary change. " +"Implementation of the PEP 509." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40475 +msgid "" +":issue:`27364`: A backslash-character pair that is not a valid escape " +"sequence now generates a DeprecationWarning. Patch by Emanuel Barry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40478 +msgid "" +":issue:`27350`: ``dict`` implementation is changed like PyPy. It is more " +"compact and preserves insertion order. (Concept developed by Raymond " +"Hettinger and patch by Inada Naoki.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40482 +msgid "" +":issue:`27911`: Remove unnecessary error checks in " +"``exec_builtin_or_dynamic()``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40485 +msgid "" +":issue:`27078`: Added BUILD_STRING opcode. Optimized f-strings evaluation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40487 +msgid "" +":issue:`17884`: Python now requires systems with inttypes.h and stdint.h" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40489 +msgid "" +":issue:`27961`: Require platforms to support ``long long``. Python hasn't " +"compiled without ``long long`` for years, so this is basically a formality." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40493 +msgid "" +":issue:`27355`: Removed support for Windows CE. It was never finished, and " +"Windows CE is no longer a relevant platform for Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40496 +msgid "Implement :pep:`523`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40498 +msgid "" +":issue:`27870`: A left shift of zero by a large integer no longer attempts " +"to allocate large amounts of memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40501 +msgid "" +":issue:`25402`: In int-to-decimal-string conversion, improve the estimate of" +" the intermediate memory required, and remove an unnecessarily strict " +"overflow check. Patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40505 +msgid "" +":issue:`27214`: In long_invert, be more careful about modifying object " +"returned by long_add, and remove an unnecessary check for small longs. " +"Thanks Oren Milman for analysis and patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40509 +msgid "" +":issue:`27506`: Support passing the bytes/bytearray.translate() \"delete\" " +"argument by keyword." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40512 ../NEWS:43533 +msgid "" +":issue:`27812`: Properly clear out a generator's frame's backreference to " +"the generator to prevent crashes in frame.clear()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40515 ../NEWS:43536 +msgid "" +":issue:`27811`: Fix a crash when a coroutine that has not been awaited is " +"finalized with warnings-as-errors enabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40518 ../NEWS:43539 +msgid "" +":issue:`27587`: Fix another issue found by PVS-Studio: Null pointer check " +"after use of 'def' in _PyState_AddModule(). Initial patch by Christian " +"Heimes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40521 +msgid "" +":issue:`27792`: The modulo operation applied to ``bool`` and other ``int`` " +"subclasses now always returns an ``int``. Previously the return type " +"depended on the input values. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40525 +msgid ":issue:`26984`: int() now always returns an instance of exact int." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40527 +msgid "" +":issue:`25604`: Fix a minor bug in integer true division; this bug could " +"potentially have caused off-by-one-ulp results on platforms with unreliable " +"ldexp implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40531 +msgid ":issue:`24254`: Make class definition namespace ordered by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40533 +msgid "" +":issue:`27662`: Fix an overflow check in ``List_New``: the original code was" +" checking against ``Py_SIZE_MAX`` instead of the correct upper bound of " +"``Py_SSIZE_T_MAX``. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40537 ../NEWS:43545 +msgid "" +":issue:`27782`: Multi-phase extension module import now correctly allows the" +" ``m_methods`` field to be used to add module level functions to instances " +"of non-module types returned from ``Py_create_mod``. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40541 ../NEWS:43549 +msgid "" +":issue:`27936`: The round() function accepted a second None argument for " +"some types but not for others. Fixed the inconsistency by accepting None " +"for all numeric types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40545 ../NEWS:43553 +msgid "" +":issue:`27487`: Warn if a submodule argument to \"python -m\" or " +"runpy.run_module() is found in sys.modules after parent packages are " +"imported, but before the submodule is executed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40549 +msgid "" +":issue:`27157`: Make only type() itself accept the one-argument form. Patch " +"by Eryk Sun and Emanuel Barry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40552 ../NEWS:43557 +msgid "" +":issue:`27558`: Fix a SystemError in the implementation of \"raise\" " +"statement. In a brand new thread, raise a RuntimeError since there is no " +"active exception to reraise. Patch written by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40556 +msgid ":issue:`28008`: Implement :pep:`530` -- asynchronous comprehensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40558 ../NEWS:43582 +msgid ":issue:`27942`: Fix memory leak in codeobject.c" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40563 ../NEWS:43626 +msgid ":issue:`28732`: Fix crash in os.spawnv() with no elements in args" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40565 ../NEWS:43628 +msgid "" +":issue:`28485`: Always raise ValueError for negative " +"compileall.compile_dir(workers=...) parameter, even when multithreading is " +"unavailable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40569 +msgid "" +":issue:`28037`: Use sqlite3_get_autocommit() instead of setting " +"Connection->inTransaction manually." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40572 +msgid "" +":issue:`25283`: Attributes tm_gmtoff and tm_zone are now available on all " +"platforms in the return values of time.localtime() and time.gmtime()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40575 +msgid "" +":issue:`24454`: Regular expression match object groups are now accessible " +"using __getitem__. \"mo[x]\" is equivalent to \"mo.group(x)\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40578 +msgid "" +":issue:`10740`: sqlite3 no longer implicitly commit an open transaction " +"before DDL statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40581 +msgid ":issue:`17941`: Add a *module* parameter to collections.namedtuple()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40583 +msgid "" +":issue:`22493`: Inline flags now should be used only at the start of the " +"regular expression. Deprecation warning is emitted if uses them in the " +"middle of the regular expression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40587 +msgid "" +":issue:`26885`: xmlrpc now supports unmarshalling additional data types used" +" by Apache XML-RPC implementation for numerics and None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40590 +msgid "" +":issue:`28070`: Fixed parsing inline verbose flag in regular expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40592 +msgid "" +":issue:`19500`: Add client-side SSL session resumption to the ssl module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40594 +msgid "" +":issue:`28022`: Deprecate ssl-related arguments in favor of SSLContext. The " +"deprecation include manual creation of SSLSocket and certfile/keyfile (or " +"similar) in ftplib, httplib, imaplib, smtplib, poplib and urllib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40598 +msgid "" +":issue:`28043`: SSLContext has improved default settings: OP_NO_SSLv2, " +"OP_NO_SSLv3, OP_NO_COMPRESSION, OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE, " +"OP_SINGLE_DH_USE, OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE and HIGH ciphers without MD5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40602 +msgid "" +":issue:`24693`: Changed some RuntimeError's in the zipfile module to more " +"appropriate types. Improved some error messages and debugging output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40605 +msgid "" +":issue:`17909`: ``json.load`` and ``json.loads`` now support binary input " +"encoded as UTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32. Patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40608 +msgid "" +":issue:`27137`: the pure Python fallback implementation of " +"``functools.partial`` now matches the behaviour of its accelerated C " +"counterpart for subclassing, pickling and text representation purposes. " +"Patch by Emanuel Barry and Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40613 ../NEWS:43681 +msgid "" +"Fix possible integer overflows and crashes in the mmap module with unusual " +"usage patterns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40616 ../NEWS:43684 +msgid "" +":issue:`1703178`: Fix the ability to pass the --link-objects option to the " +"distutils build_ext command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40619 ../NEWS:43731 +msgid "" +":issue:`28019`: itertools.count() no longer rounds non-integer step in range" +" between 1.0 and 2.0 to 1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40622 +msgid "" +":issue:`18401`: Pdb now supports the 'readrc' keyword argument to control " +"whether .pdbrc files should be read. Patch by Martin Matusiak and Sam " +"Kimbrel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40626 ../NEWS:43734 +msgid "" +":issue:`25969`: Update the lib2to3 grammar to handle the unpacking " +"generalizations added in 3.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40629 ../NEWS:43737 +msgid "" +":issue:`14977`: mailcap now respects the order of the lines in the mailcap " +"files (\"first match\"), as required by RFC 1542. Patch by Michael Lazar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40632 +msgid ":issue:`28082`: Convert re flag constants to IntFlag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40634 +msgid "" +":issue:`28025`: Convert all ssl module constants to IntEnum and IntFlags. " +"SSLContext properties now return flags and enums." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40637 +msgid ":issue:`23591`: Add Flag, IntFlag, and auto() to enum module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40639 +msgid "" +":issue:`433028`: Added support of modifier spans in regular expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40641 ../NEWS:43740 +msgid ":issue:`24594`: Validates persist parameter when opening MSI database" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40643 ../NEWS:43742 +msgid "" +":issue:`17582`: xml.etree.ElementTree nows preserves whitespaces in " +"attributes (Patch by Duane Griffin. Reviewed and approved by Stefan " +"Behnel.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40646 ../NEWS:43745 +msgid "" +":issue:`28047`: Fixed calculation of line length used for the base64 CTE in " +"the new email policies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40649 +msgid ":issue:`27576`: Fix call order in OrderedDict.__init__()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40651 +msgid "email.generator.DecodedGenerator now supports the policy keyword." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40653 +msgid "" +":issue:`28027`: Remove undocumented modules from ``Lib/plat-*``: IN, CDROM, " +"DLFCN, TYPES, CDIO, and STROPTS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40656 ../NEWS:43748 +msgid "" +":issue:`27445`: Don't pass str(_charset) to MIMEText.set_payload(). Patch by" +" Claude Paroz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40659 +msgid "" +":issue:`24277`: The new email API is no longer provisional, and the docs " +"have been reorganized and rewritten to emphasize the new API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40662 ../NEWS:43751 +msgid "" +":issue:`22450`: urllib now includes an ``Accept: */*`` header among the " +"default headers. This makes the results of REST API requests more consistent" +" and predictable especially when proxy servers are involved." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40666 ../NEWS:43755 +msgid "" +"lib2to3.pgen3.driver.load_grammar() now creates a stable cache file between " +"runs given the same Grammar.txt input regardless of the hash randomization " +"setting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40670 +msgid "" +":issue:`28005`: Allow ImportErrors in encoding implementation to propagate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40672 +msgid ":issue:`26667`: Support path-like objects in importlib.util." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40674 ../NEWS:43759 +msgid "" +":issue:`27570`: Avoid zero-length memcpy() etc calls with null source " +"pointers in the \"ctypes\" and \"array\" modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40677 ../NEWS:43762 +msgid "" +":issue:`22233`: Break email header lines *only* on the RFC specified CR and " +"LF characters, not on arbitrary unicode line breaks. This also fixes a bug " +"in HTTP header parsing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40681 +msgid "" +":issue:`27331`: The email.mime classes now all accept an optional policy " +"keyword." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40684 ../NEWS:43766 +msgid "" +":issue:`27988`: Fix email iter_attachments incorrect mutation of payload " +"list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40686 +msgid ":issue:`16113`: Add SHA-3 and SHAKE support to hashlib module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40688 +msgid "Eliminate a tautological-pointer-compare warning in _scproxy.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40690 +msgid "" +":issue:`27776`: The :func:`os.urandom` function does now block on Linux 3.17" +" and newer until the system urandom entropy pool is initialized to increase " +"the security. This change is part of the :pep:`524`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40694 +msgid "" +":issue:`27778`: Expose the Linux ``getrandom()`` syscall as a new " +":func:`os.getrandom` function. This change is part of the :pep:`524`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40697 ../NEWS:43768 +msgid "" +":issue:`27691`: Fix ssl module's parsing of GEN_RID subject alternative name" +" fields in X.509 certs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40700 +msgid ":issue:`18844`: Add random.choices()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40702 +msgid "" +":issue:`25761`: Improved error reporting about truncated pickle data in C " +"implementation of unpickler. UnpicklingError is now raised instead of " +"AttributeError and ValueError in some cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40706 +msgid ":issue:`26798`: Add BLAKE2 (blake2b and blake2s) to hashlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40708 +msgid "" +":issue:`26032`: Optimized globbing in pathlib by using os.scandir(); it is " +"now about 1.5--4 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40711 +msgid "" +":issue:`25596`: Optimized glob() and iglob() functions in the glob module; " +"they are now about 3--6 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40714 +msgid "" +":issue:`27928`: Add scrypt (password-based key derivation function) to " +"hashlib module (requires OpenSSL 1.1.0)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40717 ../NEWS:43771 +msgid "" +":issue:`27850`: Remove 3DES from ssl module's default cipher list to counter" +" measure sweet32 attack (:cve:`2016-2183`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40720 ../NEWS:43774 +msgid "" +":issue:`27766`: Add ChaCha20 Poly1305 to ssl module's default cipher list. " +"(Required OpenSSL 1.1.0 or LibreSSL)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40723 +msgid ":issue:`25387`: Check return value of winsound.MessageBeep." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40725 +msgid "" +":issue:`27866`: Add SSLContext.get_ciphers() method to get a list of all " +"enabled ciphers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40728 +msgid ":issue:`27744`: Add AF_ALG (Linux Kernel crypto) to socket module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40730 ../NEWS:43777 +msgid ":issue:`26470`: Port ssl and hashlib module to OpenSSL 1.1.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40732 +msgid "" +":issue:`11620`: Fix support for SND_MEMORY in winsound.PlaySound. Based on " +"a patch by Tim Lesher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40735 +msgid "" +":issue:`11734`: Add support for IEEE 754 half-precision floats to the struct" +" module. Based on a patch by Eli Stevens." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40738 +msgid "" +":issue:`27919`: Deprecated ``extra_path`` distribution option in distutils " +"packaging." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40741 +msgid "" +":issue:`23229`: Add new ``cmath`` constants: ``cmath.inf`` and ``cmath.nan``" +" to match ``math.inf`` and ``math.nan``, and also ``cmath.infj`` and " +"``cmath.nanj`` to match the format used by complex repr." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40745 +msgid "" +":issue:`27842`: The csv.DictReader now returns rows of type OrderedDict. " +"(Contributed by Steve Holden.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40748 ../NEWS:43779 +msgid "" +"Remove support for passing a file descriptor to os.access. It never worked " +"but previously didn't raise." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40751 ../NEWS:43782 +msgid ":issue:`12885`: Fix error when distutils encounters symlink." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40753 ../NEWS:43784 +msgid "" +":issue:`27881`: Fixed possible bugs when setting " +"sqlite3.Connection.isolation_level. Based on patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40756 ../NEWS:43787 +msgid "" +":issue:`27861`: Fixed a crash in sqlite3.Connection.cursor() when a factory " +"creates not a cursor. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40759 ../NEWS:43790 +msgid ":issue:`19884`: Avoid spurious output on OS X with Gnu Readline." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40761 ../NEWS:43792 +msgid "" +":issue:`27706`: Restore deterministic behavior of random.Random().seed() for" +" string seeds using seeding version 1. Allows sequences of calls to " +"random() to exactly match those obtained in Python 2. Patch by Nofar " +"Schnider." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40766 ../NEWS:43797 +msgid "" +":issue:`10513`: Fix a regression in Connection.commit(). Statements should " +"not be reset after a commit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40769 +msgid "" +":issue:`12319`: Chunked transfer encoding support added to " +"http.client.HTTPConnection requests. The urllib.request.AbstractHTTPHandler" +" class does not enforce a Content-Length header any more. If a HTTP request" +" has a file or iterable body, but no Content-Length header, the library now " +"falls back to use chunked transfer-encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40776 +msgid "" +"A new version of typing.py from https://github.com/python/typing: - " +"Collection (only for 3.6) (:issue:`27598`) - Add FrozenSet to __all__ " +"(upstream #261) - fix crash in _get_type_vars() (upstream #259) - Remove the" +" dict constraint in ForwardRef._eval_type (upstream #252)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40781 +msgid "" +":issue:`27832`: Make ``_normalize`` parameter to ``Fraction`` constructor " +"keyword-only, so that ``Fraction(2, 3, 4)`` now raises ``TypeError``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40784 ../NEWS:43805 +msgid "" +":issue:`27539`: Fix unnormalised ``Fraction.__pow__`` result in the case of " +"negative exponent and negative base." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40787 ../NEWS:43808 +msgid "" +":issue:`21718`: cursor.description is now available for queries using CTEs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40789 +msgid "" +":issue:`27819`: In distutils sdists, simply produce the \"gztar\" (gzipped " +"tar format) distributions on all platforms unless \"formats\" is supplied." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40792 ../NEWS:43810 +msgid "" +":issue:`2466`: posixpath.ismount now correctly recognizes mount points which" +" the user does not have permission to access." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40795 +msgid "" +":issue:`9998`: On Linux, ctypes.util.find_library now looks in " +"LD_LIBRARY_PATH for shared libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40798 +msgid ":issue:`27573`: exit message for code.interact is now configurable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40800 ../NEWS:43900 +msgid "" +":issue:`27930`: Improved behaviour of logging.handlers.QueueListener. Thanks" +" to Paulo Andrade and Petr Viktorin for the analysis and patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40803 +msgid "" +":issue:`6766`: Distributed reference counting added to multiprocessing to " +"support nesting of shared values / proxy objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40806 ../NEWS:43903 +msgid "" +":issue:`21201`: Improves readability of multiprocessing error message. " +"Thanks to Wojciech Walczak for patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40809 +msgid "asyncio: Add set_protocol / get_protocol to Transports." +msgstr "asyncio: 在各Transport类中添加了 set_protocol / get_protocol 方法" + +#: ../NEWS:40811 ../NEWS:43906 +msgid ":issue:`27456`: asyncio: Set TCP_NODELAY by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40816 ../NEWS:43971 +msgid "" +":issue:`15308`: Add 'interrupt execution' (^C) to Shell menu. Patch by Roger" +" Serwy, updated by Bayard Randel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40819 ../NEWS:43974 +msgid "" +":issue:`27922`: Stop IDLE tests from 'flashing' gui widgets on the screen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40821 +msgid "" +":issue:`27891`: Consistently group and sort imports within idlelib modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40823 +msgid ":issue:`17642`: add larger font sizes for classroom projection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40825 ../NEWS:43976 +msgid "Add version to title of IDLE help window." +msgstr "在 IDLE 帮助窗口的标题中加入版本号" + +#: ../NEWS:40827 ../NEWS:43978 +msgid "" +":issue:`25564`: In section on IDLE -- console differences, mention that " +"using exec means that __builtins__ is defined for each statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40830 +msgid "" +":issue:`27821`: Fix 3.6.0a3 regression that prevented custom key sets from " +"being selected when no custom theme was defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40836 +msgid "" +":issue:`26900`: Excluded underscored names and other private API from " +"limited API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40839 +msgid "" +":issue:`26027`: Add support for path-like objects in PyUnicode_FSConverter()" +" & PyUnicode_FSDecoder()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40845 +msgid "" +":issue:`27427`: Additional tests for the math module. Patch by Francisco " +"Couzo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40847 +msgid "" +":issue:`27953`: Skip math and cmath tests that fail on OS X 10.4 due to a " +"poor libm implementation of tan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40850 +msgid "" +":issue:`26040`: Improve test_math and test_cmath coverage and rigour. Patch " +"by Jeff Allen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40853 ../NEWS:44023 +msgid "" +":issue:`27787`: Call gc.collect() before checking each test for \"dangling " +"threads\", since the dangling threads are weak references." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40859 ../NEWS:44083 +msgid "" +":issue:`27566`: Fix clean target in freeze makefile (patch by Lisa Roach)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40861 ../NEWS:44085 +msgid ":issue:`27705`: Update message in validate_ucrtbase.py" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40863 +msgid "" +":issue:`27976`: Deprecate building _ctypes with the bundled copy of libffi " +"on non-OSX UNIX platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40866 +msgid "" +":issue:`27983`: Cause lack of llvm-profdata tool when using clang as " +"required for PGO linking to be a configure time error rather than make time " +"when ``--with-optimizations`` is enabled. Also improve our ability to find " +"the llvm-profdata tool on MacOS and some Linuxes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40871 +msgid ":issue:`21590`: Support for DTrace and SystemTap probes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40873 ../NEWS:44092 +msgid "" +":issue:`26307`: The profile-opt build now applies PGO to the built-in " +"modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40875 +msgid "" +":issue:`26359`: Add the --with-optimizations flag to turn on LTO and PGO " +"build support when available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40878 +msgid ":issue:`27917`: Set platform triplets for Android builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40880 +msgid "" +":issue:`25825`: Update references to the $(LIBPL) installation path on AIX. " +"This path was changed in 3.2a4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40883 +msgid "Update OS X installer to use SQLite 3.14.1 and XZ 5.2.2." +msgstr "更新 OS X 安装包，使用SQLite 3.14.1 和 XZ 5.2.2版本。" + +#: ../NEWS:40885 +msgid ":issue:`21122`: Fix LTO builds on OS X." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40887 +msgid "" +":issue:`17128`: Build OS X installer with a private copy of OpenSSL. Also " +"provide a sample Install Certificates command script to install a set of " +"root certificates from the third-party certifi module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40894 ../NEWS:44032 +msgid "" +":issue:`27952`: Get Tools/scripts/fixcid.py working with Python 3 and the " +"current \"re\" module, avoid invalid Python backslash escapes, and fix a bug" +" parsing escaped C quote signs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40901 +msgid "" +":issue:`28065`: Update xz dependency to 5.2.2 and build it from source." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40903 ../NEWS:44049 +msgid "" +":issue:`25144`: Ensures TargetDir is set before continuing with custom " +"install." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40905 +msgid "" +":issue:`1602`: Windows console doesn't input or print Unicode (PEP 528)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40907 +msgid "" +":issue:`27781`: Change file system encoding on Windows to UTF-8 (PEP 529)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40909 +msgid ":issue:`27731`: Opt-out of MAX_PATH on Windows 10" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40911 +msgid ":issue:`6135`: Adds encoding and errors parameters to subprocess." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40913 +msgid "" +":issue:`27959`: Adds oem encoding, alias ansi to mbcs, move aliasmbcs to " +"codec lookup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40916 +msgid "" +":issue:`27982`: The functions of the winsound module now accept keyword " +"arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40919 +msgid ":issue:`20366`: Build full text search support into SQLite on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40921 +msgid "" +":issue:`27756`: Adds new icons for Python files and processes on Windows. " +"Designs by Cherry Wang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40924 +msgid ":issue:`27883`: Update sqlite to 3.14.1.0 on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40928 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 alpha 4" + +#: ../NEWS:40930 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-08-15*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-08-15*" + +#: ../NEWS:40935 +msgid "" +":issue:`27704`: Optimized creating bytes and bytearray from byte-like " +"objects and iterables. Speed up to 3 times for short objects. Original " +"patch by Naoki Inada." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40939 +msgid "" +":issue:`26823`: Large sections of repeated lines in tracebacks are now " +"abbreviated as \"[Previous line repeated {count} more times]\" by the " +"builtin traceback rendering. Patch by Emanuel Barry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40943 +msgid "" +":issue:`27574`: Decreased an overhead of parsing keyword arguments in " +"functions implemented with using Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40946 +msgid "" +":issue:`22557`: Now importing already imported modules is up to 2.5 times " +"faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40949 +msgid ":issue:`17596`: Include to help with Min GW building." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40951 +msgid "" +":issue:`17599`: On Windows, rename the privately defined REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER" +" structure to avoid conflicting with the definition from Min GW." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40954 ../NEWS:43573 +msgid "" +":issue:`27507`: Add integer overflow check in bytearray.extend(). Patch by " +"Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40957 ../NEWS:43576 +msgid "" +":issue:`27581`: Don't rely on wrapping for overflow check in " +"PySequence_Tuple(). Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40960 +msgid "" +":issue:`1621`: Avoid signed integer overflow in list and tuple operations. " +"Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40963 +msgid "" +":issue:`27419`: Standard __import__() no longer look up \"__import__\" in " +"globals or builtins for importing submodules or \"from import\". Fixed a " +"crash if raise a warning about unabling to resolve package from __spec__ or " +"__package__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40968 ../NEWS:43565 +msgid "" +":issue:`27083`: Respect the PYTHONCASEOK environment variable under Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40970 ../NEWS:43567 +msgid "" +":issue:`27514`: Make having too many statically nested blocks a SyntaxError " +"instead of SystemError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40973 +msgid "" +":issue:`27366`: Implemented :pep:`487` (Simpler customization of class " +"creation). Upon subclassing, the __init_subclass__ classmethod is called on " +"the base class. Descriptors are initialized with __set_name__ after class " +"creation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40981 +msgid "" +":issue:`26027`: Add :pep:`519`/__fspath__() support to the os and os.path " +"modules. Includes code from Jelle Zijlstra. (See also: :issue:`27524`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40984 +msgid "" +":issue:`27598`: Add Collections to collections.abc. Patch by Ivan " +"Levkivskyi, docs by Neil Girdhar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40987 +msgid "" +":issue:`25958`: Support \"anti-registration\" of special methods from " +"various ABCs, like __hash__, __iter__ or __len__. All these (and several " +"more) can be set to None in an implementation class and the behavior will be" +" as if the method is not defined at all. (Previously, this mechanism existed" +" only for __hash__, to make mutable classes unhashable.) Code contributed " +"by Andrew Barnert and Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40994 +msgid "" +":issue:`16764`: Support keyword arguments to zlib.decompress(). Patch by " +"Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:40997 +msgid "" +":issue:`27736`: Prevent segfault after interpreter re-initialization due to " +"ref count problem introduced in code for :issue:`27038` in 3.6.0a3. Patch by" +" Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41001 +msgid "" +":issue:`25628`: The *verbose* and *rename* parameters for " +"collections.namedtuple are now keyword-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41004 +msgid "" +":issue:`12345`: Add mathematical constant tau to math and cmath. See also " +":pep:`628`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41007 +msgid "" +":issue:`26823`: traceback.StackSummary.format now abbreviates large sections" +" of repeated lines as \"[Previous line repeated {count} more times]\" (this " +"change then further affects other traceback display operations in the " +"module). Patch by Emanuel Barry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41012 +msgid "" +":issue:`27664`: Add to concurrent.futures.thread.ThreadPoolExecutor() the " +"ability to specify a thread name prefix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41015 +msgid "" +":issue:`27181`: Add geometric_mean and harmonic_mean to statistics module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41017 +msgid ":issue:`27573`: code.interact now prints an message when exiting." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41019 +msgid ":issue:`6422`: Add autorange method to timeit.Timer objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41021 ../NEWS:43813 +msgid "" +":issue:`27773`: Correct some memory management errors server_hostname in " +"_ssl.wrap_socket()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41024 +msgid "" +":issue:`26750`: unittest.mock.create_autospec() now works properly for " +"subclasses of property() and other data descriptors. Removes the never " +"publicly used, never documented unittest.mock.DescriptorTypes tuple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41028 +msgid "" +":issue:`26754`: Undocumented support of general bytes-like objects as path " +"in compile() and similar functions is now deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41031 +msgid "" +":issue:`26800`: Undocumented support of general bytes-like objects as paths " +"in os functions is now deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41034 +msgid "" +":issue:`26981`: Add _order_ compatibility shim to enum.Enum for Python 2/3 " +"code bases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41037 +msgid ":issue:`27661`: Added tzinfo keyword argument to datetime.combine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41039 ../NEWS:43819 +msgid "" +"In the curses module, raise an error if window.getstr() or window.instr() is" +" passed a negative value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41042 ../NEWS:43822 +msgid "" +":issue:`27783`: Fix possible usage of uninitialized memory in " +"operator.methodcaller." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41045 ../NEWS:43825 +msgid ":issue:`27774`: Fix possible Py_DECREF on unowned object in _sre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41047 ../NEWS:43827 +msgid ":issue:`27760`: Fix possible integer overflow in binascii.b2a_qp." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41049 ../NEWS:43829 +msgid "" +":issue:`27758`: Fix possible integer overflow in the _csv module for large " +"record lengths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41052 ../NEWS:43832 +msgid "" +":issue:`27568`: Prevent HTTPoxy attack (:cve:`2016-1000110`). Ignore the " +"HTTP_PROXY variable when REQUEST_METHOD environment is set, which indicates " +"that the script is in CGI mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41056 +msgid "" +":issue:`7063`: Remove dead code from the \"array\" module's slice handling. " +"Patch by Chuck." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41059 ../NEWS:43836 +msgid ":issue:`27656`: Do not assume sched.h defines any SCHED_* constants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41061 ../NEWS:43838 +msgid "" +":issue:`27130`: In the \"zlib\" module, fix handling of large buffers " +"(typically 4 GiB) when compressing and decompressing. Previously, inputs " +"were limited to 4 GiB, and compression and decompression operations did not " +"properly handle results of 4 GiB." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41066 +msgid ":issue:`24773`: Implemented :pep:`495` (Local Time Disambiguation)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41068 +msgid "" +"Expose the EPOLLEXCLUSIVE constant (when it is defined) in the select " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41071 +msgid "" +":issue:`27567`: Expose the EPOLLRDHUP and POLLRDHUP constants in the select " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41074 +msgid "" +":issue:`1621`: Avoid signed int negation overflow in the \"audioop\" module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41076 ../NEWS:43843 +msgid ":issue:`27533`: Release GIL in nt._isdir" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41078 ../NEWS:43845 +msgid "" +":issue:`17711`: Fixed unpickling by the persistent ID with protocol 0. " +"Original patch by Alexandre Vassalotti." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41081 ../NEWS:43848 +msgid "" +":issue:`27522`: Avoid an unintentional reference cycle in email.feedparser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41083 +msgid "" +":issue:`27512`: Fix a segfault when os.fspath() called an __fspath__() " +"method that raised an exception. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41089 ../NEWS:43981 +msgid "" +":issue:`27714`: text_textview and test_autocomplete now pass when re-run in " +"the same process. This occurs when test_idle fails when run with the -w " +"option but without -jn. Fix warning from test_config." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41093 +msgid "" +":issue:`27621`: Put query response validation error messages in the query " +"box itself instead of in a separate messagebox. Redo tests to match. Add " +"Mac OSX refinements. Original patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41097 +msgid ":issue:`27620`: Escape key now closes Query box as cancelled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41099 +msgid "" +":issue:`27609`: IDLE: tab after initial whitespace should tab, not " +"autocomplete. This fixes problem with writing docstrings at least twice " +"indented." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41103 +msgid "" +":issue:`27609`: Explicitly return None when there are also non-None returns." +" In a few cases, reverse a condition and eliminate a return." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41106 ../NEWS:43985 +msgid "" +":issue:`25507`: IDLE no longer runs buggy code because of its tkinter " +"imports. Users must include the same imports required to run directly in " +"Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41109 ../NEWS:41293 +msgid "" +":issue:`27173`: Add 'IDLE Modern Unix' to the built-in key sets. Make the " +"default key set depend on the platform. Add tests for the changes to the " +"config module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41113 ../NEWS:41300 ../NEWS:43988 +msgid "" +":issue:`27452`: add line counter and crc to IDLE configHandler test dump." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41118 +msgid "" +":issue:`25805`: Skip a test in test_pkgutil as needed that doesn't work when" +" ``__name__ == __main__``. Patch by SilentGhost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41121 +msgid "" +":issue:`27472`: Add test.support.unix_shell as the path to the default " +"shell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41123 ../NEWS:44026 +msgid "" +":issue:`27369`: In test_pyexpat, avoid testing an error message detail that " +"changed in Expat 2.2.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41126 +msgid "" +":issue:`27594`: Prevent assertion error when running test_ast with coverage " +"enabled: ensure code object has a valid first line number. Patch suggested " +"by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41133 +msgid ":issue:`27647`: Update bundled Tcl/Tk to 8.6.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41135 +msgid ":issue:`27610`: Adds :pep:`514` metadata to Windows installer" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41137 ../NEWS:44051 +msgid "" +":issue:`27469`: Adds a shell extension to the launcher so that drag and drop" +" works correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41140 +msgid "" +":issue:`27309`: Enables proper Windows styles in python[w].exe manifest." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41145 ../NEWS:44096 +msgid "" +":issue:`27713`: Suppress spurious build warnings when updating importlib's " +"bootstrap files. Patch by Xiang Zhang" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41148 +msgid "" +":issue:`25825`: Correct the references to Modules/python.exp, which is " +"required on AIX. The references were accidentally changed in 3.5.0a1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41151 ../NEWS:44104 +msgid "" +":issue:`27453`: CPP invocation in configure must use CPPFLAGS. Patch by Chi " +"Hsuan Yen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41154 ../NEWS:44107 +msgid "" +":issue:`27641`: The configure script now inserts comments into the makefile " +"to prevent the pgen and _freeze_importlib executables from being cross-" +"compiled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41158 ../NEWS:44111 +msgid "" +":issue:`26662`: Set PYTHON_FOR_GEN in configure as the Python program to be " +"used for file generation during the build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41161 ../NEWS:44114 +msgid "" +":issue:`10910`: Avoid C++ compilation errors on FreeBSD and OS X. Also " +"update FreedBSD version checks for the original ctype UTF-8 workaround." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41166 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 alpha 3" + +#: ../NEWS:41168 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-07-11*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-07-11*" + +#: ../NEWS:41173 ../NEWS:43447 +msgid "" +":issue:`27278`: Fix os.urandom() implementation using getrandom() on Linux. " +"Truncate size to INT_MAX and loop until we collected enough random bytes, " +"instead of casting a directly Py_ssize_t to int." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41177 ../NEWS:43451 +msgid "" +":issue:`22636`: Avoid shell injection problems with " +"ctypes.util.find_library()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41182 ../NEWS:43570 +msgid "" +":issue:`27473`: Fixed possible integer overflow in bytes and bytearray " +"concatenations. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41185 +msgid "" +":issue:`23034`: The output of a special Python build with defined " +"COUNT_ALLOCS, SHOW_ALLOC_COUNT or SHOW_TRACK_COUNT macros is now off by " +"default. It can be re-enabled using the \"-X showalloccount\" option. It " +"now outputs to stderr instead of stdout." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41190 ../NEWS:43579 +msgid "" +":issue:`27443`: __length_hint__() of bytearray iterators no longer return a " +"negative integer for a resized bytearray." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41193 +msgid "" +":issue:`27007`: The fromhex() class methods of bytes and bytearray " +"subclasses now return an instance of corresponding subclass." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41199 ../NEWS:43850 +msgid "" +":issue:`26844`: Fix error message for imp.find_module() to refer to 'path' " +"instead of 'name'. Patch by Lev Maximov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41202 ../NEWS:43853 +msgid "" +":issue:`23804`: Fix SSL zero-length recv() calls to not block and not raise " +"an error about unclean EOF." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41205 ../NEWS:43856 +msgid "" +":issue:`27466`: Change time format returned by http.cookie.time2netscape, " +"confirming the netscape cookie format and making it consistent with " +"documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41209 +msgid "" +":issue:`21708`: Deprecated dbm.dumb behavior that differs from common dbm " +"behavior: creating a database in 'r' and 'w' modes and modifying a database " +"in 'r' mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41213 +msgid "" +":issue:`26721`: Change the socketserver.StreamRequestHandler.wfile attribute" +" to implement BufferedIOBase. In particular, the write() method no longer " +"does partial writes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41217 +msgid "" +":issue:`22115`: Added methods trace_add, trace_remove and trace_info in the " +"tkinter.Variable class. They replace old methods trace_variable, trace, " +"trace_vdelete and trace_vinfo that use obsolete Tcl commands and might not " +"work in future versions of Tcl. Fixed old tracing methods: trace_vdelete() " +"with wrong mode no longer break tracing, trace_vinfo() now always returns a " +"list of pairs of strings, tracing in the \"u\" mode now works." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41225 +msgid "" +":issue:`26243`: Only the level argument to zlib.compress() is keyword " +"argument now. The first argument is positional-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41228 +msgid "" +":issue:`27038`: Expose the DirEntry type as os.DirEntry. Code patch by Jelle" +" Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41231 +msgid "" +":issue:`27186`: Update os.fspath()/PyOS_FSPath() to check the return value " +"of __fspath__() to be either str or bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41234 +msgid "" +":issue:`18726`: All optional parameters of the dump(), dumps(), load() and " +"loads() functions and JSONEncoder and JSONDecoder class constructors in the " +"json module are now keyword-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41238 +msgid "" +":issue:`27319`: Methods selection_set(), selection_add(), selection_remove()" +" and selection_toggle() of ttk.TreeView now allow passing multiple items as " +"multiple arguments instead of passing them as a tuple. Deprecated " +"undocumented ability of calling the selection() method with arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41243 ../NEWS:43870 +msgid "" +":issue:`27079`: Fixed curses.ascii functions isblank(), iscntrl() and " +"ispunct()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41246 +msgid "" +":issue:`27294`: Numerical state in the repr for Tkinter event objects is now" +" represented as a combination of known flags." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41249 +msgid "" +":issue:`27177`: Match objects in the re module now support index-like " +"objects as group indices. Based on patches by Jeroen Demeyer and Xiang " +"Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41252 ../NEWS:43873 +msgid "" +":issue:`26754`: Some functions (compile() etc) accepted a filename argument " +"encoded as an iterable of integers. Now only strings and byte-like objects " +"are accepted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41256 +msgid "" +":issue:`26536`: socket.ioctl now supports SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH. Patch by " +"Daniel Stokes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41259 ../NEWS:43877 +msgid "" +":issue:`27048`: Prevents distutils failing on Windows when environment " +"variables contain non-ASCII characters" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41262 ../NEWS:43880 +msgid ":issue:`27330`: Fixed possible leaks in the ctypes module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41264 ../NEWS:43882 +msgid "" +":issue:`27238`: Got rid of bare excepts in the turtle module. Original " +"patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41267 ../NEWS:43885 +msgid "" +":issue:`27122`: When an exception is raised within the context being managed" +" by a contextlib.ExitStack() and one of the exit stack generators catches " +"and raises it in a chain, do not re-raise the original exception when " +"exiting, let the new chained one through. This avoids the :pep:`479` bug " +"described in issue25782." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41273 +msgid "" +":issue:`16864`: sqlite3.Cursor.lastrowid now supports REPLACE statement. " +"Initial patch by Alex LordThorsen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41276 ../NEWS:43891 +msgid "" +":issue:`26386`: Fixed ttk.TreeView selection operations with item id's " +"containing spaces." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41279 +msgid "" +":issue:`8637`: Honor a pager set by the env var MANPAGER (in preference to " +"one set by the env var PAGER)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41282 ../NEWS:43894 +msgid "" +":issue:`16182`: Fix various functions in the \"readline\" module to use the " +"locale encoding, and fix get_begidx() and get_endidx() to return code point " +"indexes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41286 ../NEWS:43898 +msgid "" +":issue:`27392`: Add loop.connect_accepted_socket(). Patch by Jim Fulton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41291 +msgid ":issue:`27477`: IDLE search dialogs now use ttk widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41297 +msgid "" +":issue:`27452`: make command line \"idle-test> python test_help.py\" work. " +"__file__ is relative when python is started in the file's directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41302 +msgid "" +":issue:`27380`: IDLE: add query.py with base Query dialog and ttk widgets. " +"Module had subclasses SectionName, ModuleName, and HelpSource, which are " +"used to get information from users by configdialog and file =>Load Module. " +"Each subclass has itw own validity checks. Using ModuleName allows users to" +" edit bad module names instead of starting over. Add tests and delete the " +"two files combined into the new one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41309 +msgid ":issue:`27372`: Test_idle no longer changes the locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41311 ../NEWS:43990 +msgid "" +":issue:`27365`: Allow non-ascii chars in IDLE NEWS.txt, for contributor " +"names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41313 ../NEWS:43992 +msgid "" +":issue:`27245`: IDLE: Cleanly delete custom themes and key bindings. " +"Previously, when IDLE was started from a console or by import, a cascade of " +"warnings was emitted. Patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41317 +msgid "" +":issue:`24137`: Run IDLE, test_idle, and htest with tkinter default root " +"disabled. Fix code and tests that fail with this restriction. Fix htests " +"to not create a second and redundant root and mainloop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41321 +msgid "" +":issue:`27310`: Fix IDLE.app failure to launch on OS X due to vestigial " +"import." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41326 +msgid "" +":issue:`26754`: PyUnicode_FSDecoder() accepted a filename argument encoded " +"as an iterable of integers. Now only strings and byte-like objects are " +"accepted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41333 ../NEWS:44077 +msgid "" +":issue:`28066`: Fix the logic that searches build directories for generated " +"include files when building outside the source tree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41336 +msgid "" +":issue:`27442`: Expose the Android API level that python was built against, " +"in sysconfig.get_config_vars() as 'ANDROID_API_LEVEL'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41339 +msgid "" +":issue:`27434`: The interpreter that runs the cross-build, found in PATH, " +"must now be of the same feature version (e.g. 3.6) as the source being " +"built." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41342 ../NEWS:44129 +msgid ":issue:`26930`: Update Windows builds to use OpenSSL 1.0.2h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41344 +msgid "" +":issue:`23968`: Rename the platform directory from plat-$(MACHDEP) to " +"plat-$(PLATFORM_TRIPLET). Rename the config directory (LIBPL) from " +"config-$(LDVERSION) to config-$(LDVERSION)-$(PLATFORM_TRIPLET). Install the " +"platform specific _sysconfigdata module into the platform directory and " +"rename it to include the ABIFLAGS." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41350 +msgid "Don't use largefile support for GNU/Hurd." +msgstr "在 GNU/Hurd 系统中不使用大文件支持。" + +#: ../NEWS:41355 ../NEWS:44036 +msgid "" +":issue:`27332`: Fixed the type of the first argument of module-level " +"functions generated by Argument Clinic. Patch by Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41358 ../NEWS:44039 +msgid ":issue:`27418`: Fixed Tools/importbench/importbench.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41363 ../NEWS:44734 +msgid "" +":issue:`19489`: Moved the search box from the sidebar to the header and " +"footer of each page. Patch by Ammar Askar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41366 +msgid "" +":issue:`27285`: Update documentation to reflect the deprecation of " +"``pyvenv`` and normalize on the term \"virtual environment\". Patch by Steve" +" Piercy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41372 +msgid "" +":issue:`27027`: Added test.support.is_android that is True when this is an " +"Android build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41377 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 alpha 2" + +#: ../NEWS:41379 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-06-13*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-06-13*" + +#: ../NEWS:41384 ../NEWS:44150 +msgid ":issue:`26556`: Update expat to 2.1.1, fixes :cve:`2015-1283`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41386 ../NEWS:44152 +msgid "" +"Fix TLS stripping vulnerability in smtplib, :cve:`2016-0772`. Reported by " +"Team Oststrom." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41389 ../NEWS:44155 +msgid "" +":issue:`26839`: On Linux, :func:`os.urandom` now calls ``getrandom()`` with " +"``GRND_NONBLOCK`` to fall back on reading ``/dev/urandom`` if the urandom " +"entropy pool is not initialized yet. Patch written by Colm Buckley." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41396 +msgid "" +":issue:`27095`: Simplified MAKE_FUNCTION and removed MAKE_CLOSURE opcodes. " +"Patch by Demur Rumed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41399 +msgid "" +":issue:`27190`: Raise NotSupportedError if sqlite3 is older than 3.3.1. " +"Patch by Dave Sawyer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41402 +msgid "" +":issue:`27286`: Fixed compiling BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL opcode. Calling " +"function with generalized unpacking (PEP 448) and conflicting keyword names " +"could cause undefined behavior." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41406 +msgid ":issue:`27140`: Added BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41408 +msgid "" +":issue:`27186`: Add support for os.PathLike objects to open() (part of " +":pep:`519`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41411 ../NEWS:44172 +msgid "" +":issue:`27066`: Fixed SystemError if a custom opener (for open()) returns a " +"negative number without setting an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41414 +msgid "" +":issue:`26983`: float() now always return an instance of exact float. The " +"deprecation warning is emitted if __float__ returns an instance of a strict " +"subclass of float. In a future versions of Python this can be an error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41419 +msgid "" +":issue:`27097`: Python interpreter is now about 7% faster due to optimized " +"instruction decoding. Based on patch by Demur Rumed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41422 +msgid "" +":issue:`26647`: Python interpreter now uses 16-bit wordcode instead of " +"bytecode. Patch by Demur Rumed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41425 +msgid "" +":issue:`23275`: Allow assigning to an empty target list in round brackets: " +"() = iterable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41428 ../NEWS:44294 +msgid "" +":issue:`27243`: Update the __aiter__ protocol: instead of returning an " +"awaitable that resolves to an asynchronous iterator, the asynchronous " +"iterator should be returned directly. Doing the former will trigger a " +"PendingDeprecationWarning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41436 +msgid "" +"Comment out socket (SO_REUSEPORT) and posix (O_SHLOCK, O_EXLOCK) constants " +"exposed on the API which are not implemented on GNU/Hurd. They would not " +"work at runtime anyway." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41440 +msgid "" +":issue:`27025`: Generated names for Tkinter widgets are now more meaningful " +"and recognizable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41443 +msgid "" +":issue:`25455`: Fixed crashes in repr of recursive ElementTree.Element and " +"functools.partial objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41446 +msgid ":issue:`27294`: Improved repr for Tkinter event objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41448 +msgid "" +":issue:`20508`: Improve exception message of IPv{4,6}Network.__getitem__. " +"Patch by Gareth Rees." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41451 ../NEWS:44302 +msgid "" +":issue:`21386`: Implement missing IPv4Address.is_global property. It was " +"documented since 07a5610bae9d. Initial patch by Roger Luethi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41454 +msgid "" +":issue:`27029`: Removed deprecated support of universal newlines mode from " +"ZipFile.open()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41457 +msgid "" +":issue:`27030`: Unknown escapes consisting of ``'\\'`` and an ASCII letter " +"in regular expressions now are errors. The re.LOCALE flag now can be used " +"only with bytes patterns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41461 +msgid "" +":issue:`27186`: Add os.PathLike support to DirEntry (part of :pep:`519`). " +"Initial patch by Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41464 ../NEWS:44305 +msgid "" +":issue:`20900`: distutils register command now decodes HTTP responses " +"correctly. Initial patch by ingrid." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41467 +msgid "" +":issue:`27186`: Add os.PathLike support to pathlib, removing its provisional" +" status (part of PEP 519). Initial patch by Dusty Phillips." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41470 +msgid "" +":issue:`27186`: Add support for os.PathLike objects to os.fsencode() and " +"os.fsdecode() (part of :pep:`519`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41473 +msgid "" +":issue:`27186`: Introduce os.PathLike and os.fspath() (part of :pep:`519`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41475 ../NEWS:44308 +msgid "" +"A new version of typing.py provides several new classes and features: " +"@overload outside stubs, Reversible, DefaultDict, Text, ContextManager, " +"Type[], NewType(), TYPE_CHECKING, and numerous bug fixes (note that some of " +"the new features are not yet implemented in mypy or other static analyzers)." +" Also classes for :pep:`492` (Awaitable, AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator) have " +"been added (in fact they made it into 3.5.1 but were never mentioned)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41483 ../NEWS:44316 +msgid "" +":issue:`25738`: Stop http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_error() from " +"sending a message body for 205 Reset Content. Also, don't send Content " +"header fields in responses that don't have a body. Patch by Susumu Koshiba." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41488 ../NEWS:44321 +msgid "" +":issue:`21313`: Fix the \"platform\" module to tolerate when sys.version " +"contains truncated build information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41491 +msgid "" +":issue:`23883`: Added missing APIs to __all__ to match the documented APIs " +"for the following modules: cgi, mailbox, mimetypes, plistlib and smtpd. " +"Patches by Jacek Kołodziej." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41495 ../NEWS:44324 +msgid "" +":issue:`27164`: In the zlib module, allow decompressing raw Deflate streams " +"with a predefined zdict. Based on patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41498 ../NEWS:44327 +msgid "" +":issue:`24291`: Fix wsgiref.simple_server.WSGIRequestHandler to completely " +"write data to the client. Previously it could do partial writes and " +"truncate data. Also, wsgiref.handler.ServerHandler can now handle stdout " +"doing partial writes, but this is deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41503 +msgid "" +":issue:`21272`: Use _sysconfigdata.py to initialize distutils.sysconfig." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41505 +msgid "" +":issue:`19611`: :mod:`inspect` now reports the implicit ``.0`` parameters " +"generated by the compiler for comprehension and generator expression scopes " +"as if they were positional-only parameters called ``implicit0``. Patch by " +"Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41510 ../NEWS:44332 +msgid "" +":issue:`26809`: Add ``__all__`` to :mod:`string`. Patch by Emanuel Barry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41512 ../NEWS:44334 +msgid "" +":issue:`26373`: subprocess.Popen.communicate now correctly ignores " +"BrokenPipeError when the child process dies before .communicate() is called " +"in more/all circumstances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41516 +msgid "" +"signal, socket, and ssl module IntEnum constant name lookups now return a " +"consistent name for values having multiple names. Ex: signal.Signals(6) now" +" refers to itself as signal.SIGALRM rather than flipping between that and " +"signal.SIGIOT based on the interpreter's hash randomization seed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41521 +msgid "" +":issue:`27167`: Clarify the subprocess.CalledProcessError error message text" +" when the child process died due to a signal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41524 +msgid "" +":issue:`25931`: Don't define socketserver.Forking* names on platforms such " +"as Windows that do not support os.fork()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41527 ../NEWS:44338 +msgid "" +":issue:`21776`: distutils.upload now correctly handles HTTPError. Initial " +"patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41530 +msgid "" +":issue:`26526`: Replace custom parse tree validation in the parser module " +"with a simple DFA validator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41533 ../NEWS:44341 +msgid "" +":issue:`27114`: Fix SSLContext._load_windows_store_certs fails with " +"PermissionError" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41536 ../NEWS:44344 +msgid "" +":issue:`18383`: Avoid creating duplicate filters when using filterwarnings " +"and simplefilter. Based on patch by Alex Shkop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41539 +msgid "" +":issue:`23026`: winreg.QueryValueEx() now return an integer for REG_QWORD " +"type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41541 +msgid "" +":issue:`26741`: subprocess.Popen destructor now emits a ResourceWarning " +"warning if the child process is still running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41544 +msgid "" +":issue:`27056`: Optimize pickle.load() and pickle.loads(), up to 10% faster " +"to deserialize a lot of small objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41547 +msgid ":issue:`21271`: New keyword only parameters in reset_mock call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41552 ../NEWS:44681 +msgid "" +":issue:`5124`: Paste with text selected now replaces the selection on X11. " +"This matches how paste works on Windows, Mac, most modern Linux apps, and " +"ttk widgets. Original patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41556 +msgid "" +":issue:`24750`: Switch all scrollbars in IDLE to ttk versions. Where needed," +" minimal tests are added to cover changes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41559 +msgid "" +":issue:`24759`: IDLE requires tk 8.5 and availability ttk widgets. Delete " +"now unneeded tk version tests and code for older versions. Add test for IDLE" +" syntax colorizer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41563 +msgid ":issue:`27239`: idlelib.macosx.isXyzTk functions initialize as needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41565 +msgid "" +":issue:`27262`: move Aqua unbinding code, which enable context menus, to " +"macosx." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41568 ../NEWS:44685 +msgid "" +":issue:`24759`: Make clear in idlelib.idle_test.__init__ that the directory " +"is a private implementation of test.test_idle and tool for maintainers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41571 ../NEWS:44688 +msgid "" +":issue:`27196`: Stop 'ThemeChanged' warnings when running IDLE tests. These " +"persisted after other warnings were suppressed in #20567. Apply Serhiy " +"Storchaka's update_idletasks solution to four test files. Record this " +"additional advice in idle_test/README.txt" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41576 ../NEWS:44693 +msgid "" +":issue:`20567`: Revise idle_test/README.txt with advice about avoiding tk " +"warning messages from tests. Apply advice to several IDLE tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41579 +msgid "" +":issue:`24225`: Update idlelib/README.txt with new file names and event " +"handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41582 +msgid ":issue:`27156`: Remove obsolete code not used by IDLE." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41584 ../NEWS:44696 +msgid "" +":issue:`27117`: Make colorizer htest and turtledemo work with dark themes. " +"Move code for configuring text widget colors to a new function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41587 +msgid "" +":issue:`24225`: Rename many ``idlelib/*.py`` and ``idle_test/test_*.py`` " +"files. Edit files to replace old names with new names when the old name " +"referred to the module rather than the class it contained. See the issue and" +" IDLE section in What's New in 3.6 for more." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41592 ../NEWS:44699 +msgid "" +":issue:`26673`: When tk reports font size as 0, change to size 10. Such " +"fonts on Linux prevented the configuration dialog from opening." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41595 ../NEWS:44702 +msgid "" +":issue:`21939`: Add test for IDLE's percolator. Original patch by Saimadhav " +"Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41598 ../NEWS:44705 +msgid "" +":issue:`21676`: Add test for IDLE's replace dialog. Original patch by " +"Saimadhav Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41601 ../NEWS:44708 +msgid "" +":issue:`18410`: Add test for IDLE's search dialog. Original patch by Westley" +" Martínez." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41604 +msgid "" +":issue:`21703`: Add test for undo delegator. Patch mostly by Saimadhav " +"Heblikar ." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41607 ../NEWS:44714 +msgid "" +":issue:`27044`: Add ConfigDialog.remove_var_callbacks to stop memory leaks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41609 ../NEWS:44716 +msgid ":issue:`23977`: Add more asserts to test_delegator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41614 +msgid "" +":issue:`16484`: Change the default PYTHONDOCS URL to \"https:\", and fix the" +" resulting links to use lowercase. Patch by Sean Rodman, test by Kaushik " +"Nadikuditi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41618 ../NEWS:44737 +msgid ":issue:`24136`: Document the new :pep:`448` unpacking syntax of 3.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41620 ../NEWS:45295 +msgid "" +":issue:`22558`: Add remaining doc links to source code for Python-coded " +"modules. Patch by Yoni Lavi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41626 +msgid "" +":issue:`25285`: regrtest now uses subprocesses when the -j1 command line " +"option is used: each test file runs in a fresh child process. Before, the " +"-j1 option was ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41630 +msgid "" +":issue:`25285`: Tools/buildbot/test.bat script now uses -j1 by default to " +"run each test file in fresh child process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41636 +msgid "" +":issue:`27064`: The py.exe launcher now defaults to Python 3. The Windows " +"launcher ``py.exe`` no longer prefers an installed Python 2 version over " +"Python 3 by default when used interactively." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41640 ../NEWS:44852 +msgid "" +":issue:`17500`: Remove unused and outdated icons. (See also: " +"https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues/945)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41646 ../NEWS:44788 +msgid "" +":issue:`27229`: Fix the cross-compiling pgen rule for in-tree builds. Patch" +" by Xavier de Gaye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41649 ../NEWS:44825 +msgid "" +":issue:`26930`: Update OS X 10.5+ 32-bit-only installer to build and link " +"with OpenSSL 1.0.2h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41655 +msgid ":issue:`27186`: Add the PyOS_FSPath() function (part of :pep:`519`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41657 +msgid "" +":issue:`26282`: PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords() now supports positional-only " +"parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41663 +msgid "" +":issue:`26282`: Argument Clinic now supports positional-only and keyword " +"parameters in the same function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41668 +msgid "Python 3.6.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "Python 3.6.0 alpha 1" + +#: ../NEWS:41670 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-05-16*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-05-16*" + +#: ../NEWS:41675 ../NEWS:44159 +msgid "" +":issue:`26657`: Fix directory traversal vulnerability with http.server on " +"Windows. This fixes a regression that was introduced in 3.3.4rc1 and " +"3.4.0rc1. Based on patch by Philipp Hagemeister." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41679 ../NEWS:44163 +msgid "" +":issue:`26313`: ssl.py _load_windows_store_certs fails if windows cert store" +" is empty. Patch by Baji." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41682 ../NEWS:44166 +msgid "" +":issue:`25939`: On Windows open the cert store readonly in " +"ssl.enum_certificates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41688 ../NEWS:44175 +msgid "" +":issue:`20041`: Fixed TypeError when frame.f_trace is set to None. Patch by " +"Xavier de Gaye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41691 ../NEWS:44178 +msgid "" +":issue:`26168`: Fixed possible refleaks in failing Py_BuildValue() with the " +"\"N\" format unit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41694 ../NEWS:44181 +msgid "" +":issue:`26991`: Fix possible refleak when creating a function with " +"annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41696 +msgid "" +":issue:`27039`: Fixed bytearray.remove() for values greater than 127. Based" +" on patch by Joe Jevnik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41699 ../NEWS:44186 +msgid "" +":issue:`23640`: int.from_bytes() no longer bypasses constructors for " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41702 +msgid "" +":issue:`27005`: Optimized the float.fromhex() class method for exact float. " +"It is now 2 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41705 +msgid "" +":issue:`18531`: Single var-keyword argument of dict subtype was passed " +"unscathed to the C-defined function. Now it is converted to exact dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41708 ../NEWS:44189 +msgid "" +":issue:`26811`: gc.get_objects() no longer contains a broken tuple with NULL" +" pointer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41711 ../NEWS:44192 +msgid "" +":issue:`20120`: Use RawConfigParser for .pypirc parsing, removing support " +"for interpolation unintentionally added with move to Python 3. Behavior no " +"longer does any interpolation in .pypirc files, matching behavior in Python " +"2.7 and Setuptools 19.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41716 +msgid "" +":issue:`26249`: Memory functions of the :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` domain " +"(:c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`) now use the :ref:`pymalloc allocator " +"` rather than system :c:func:`malloc`. Applications calling " +":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` without holding the GIL can now crash: use " +"``PYTHONMALLOC=debug`` environment variable to validate the usage of memory " +"allocators in your application." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41723 +msgid "" +":issue:`26802`: Optimize function calls only using unpacking like " +"``func(*tuple)`` (no other positional argument, no keyword): avoid copying " +"the tuple. Patch written by Joe Jevnik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41727 ../NEWS:44197 +msgid ":issue:`26659`: Make the builtin slice type support cycle collection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41729 ../NEWS:44199 +msgid "" +":issue:`26718`: super.__init__ no longer leaks memory if called multiple " +"times. NOTE: A direct call of super.__init__ is not endorsed!" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41732 ../NEWS:44229 +msgid ":issue:`27138`: Fix the doc comment for FileFinder.find_spec()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41734 ../NEWS:44273 +msgid ":issue:`27147`: Mention :pep:`420` in the importlib docs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41736 ../NEWS:44202 +msgid "" +":issue:`25339`: PYTHONIOENCODING now has priority over locale in setting the" +" error handler for stdin and stdout." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41739 ../NEWS:44205 +msgid "" +":issue:`26494`: Fixed crash on iterating exhausting iterators. Affected " +"classes are generic sequence iterators, iterators of str, bytes, bytearray, " +"list, tuple, set, frozenset, dict, OrderedDict, corresponding views and " +"os.scandir() iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41744 +msgid "" +":issue:`26574`: Optimize ``bytes.replace(b'', b'.')`` and " +"``bytearray.replace(b'', b'.')``. Patch written by Josh Snider." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41747 ../NEWS:44210 +msgid "" +":issue:`26581`: If coding cookie is specified multiple times on a line in " +"Python source code file, only the first one is taken to account." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41750 +msgid ":issue:`19711`: Add tests for reloading namespace packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41752 +msgid "" +":issue:`21099`: Switch applicable importlib tests to use :pep:`451` API." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41754 +msgid "" +":issue:`26563`: Debug hooks on Python memory allocators now raise a fatal " +"error if functions of the :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` family are called without " +"holding the GIL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41758 +msgid "" +":issue:`26564`: On error, the debug hooks on Python memory allocators now " +"use the :mod:`tracemalloc` module to get the traceback where a memory block " +"was allocated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41762 +msgid "" +":issue:`26558`: The debug hooks on Python memory allocator " +":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` now detect when functions are called without " +"holding the GIL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41766 +msgid "" +":issue:`26516`: Add :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable to set the " +"Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41769 +msgid "" +":issue:`26516`: The :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function can now also be" +" used on Python compiled in release mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41772 +msgid "" +":issue:`26516`: The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` environment variable can now" +" also be used on Python compiled in release mode. It now has no effect if " +"set to an empty string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41776 +msgid "" +":issue:`26516`: In debug mode, debug hooks are now also installed on Python " +"memory allocators when Python is configured without pymalloc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41779 ../NEWS:44213 +msgid "" +":issue:`26464`: Fix str.translate() when string is ASCII and first " +"replacements removes character, but next replacement uses a non-ASCII " +"character or a string longer than 1 character. Regression introduced in " +"Python 3.5.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41783 ../NEWS:44217 +msgid "" +":issue:`22836`: Ensure exception reports from PyErr_Display() and " +"PyErr_WriteUnraisable() are sensible even when formatting them produces " +"secondary errors. This affects the reports produced by sys.__excepthook__()" +" and when __del__() raises an exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41788 ../NEWS:44222 +msgid "" +":issue:`26302`: Correct behavior to reject comma as a legal character for " +"cookie names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41791 +msgid "" +":issue:`26136`: Upgrade the warning when a generator raises StopIteration " +"from PendingDeprecationWarning to DeprecationWarning. Patch by Anish Shah." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41794 +msgid "" +":issue:`26204`: The compiler now ignores all constant statements: bytes, " +"str, int, float, complex, name constants (None, False, True), Ellipsis and " +"ast.Constant; not only str and int. For example, ``1.0`` is now ignored in " +"``def f(): 1.0``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41799 ../NEWS:44225 +msgid "" +":issue:`4806`: Avoid masking the original TypeError exception when using " +"star (``*``) unpacking in function calls. Based on patch by Hagen Fürstenau" +" and Daniel Urban." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41803 +msgid "" +":issue:`26146`: Add a new kind of AST node: ``ast.Constant``. It can be used" +" by external AST optimizers, but the compiler does not emit directly such " +"node." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41807 +msgid "" +":issue:`23601`: Sped-up allocation of dict key objects by using Python's " +"small object allocator. (Contributed by Julian Taylor.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41810 +msgid "" +":issue:`18018`: Import raises ImportError instead of SystemError if a " +"relative import is attempted without a known parent package." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41813 +msgid "" +":issue:`25843`: When compiling code, don't merge constants if they are equal" +" but have a different types. For example, ``f1, f2 = lambda: 1, lambda: " +"1.0`` is now correctly compiled to two different functions: ``f1()`` returns" +" ``1`` (``int``) and ``f2()`` returns ``1.0`` (``float``), even if ``1`` and" +" ``1.0`` are equal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41819 +msgid "" +":issue:`26107`: The format of the ``co_lnotab`` attribute of code objects " +"changes to support negative line number delta." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41822 ../NEWS:44231 +msgid "" +":issue:`26154`: Add a new private _PyThreadState_UncheckedGet() function to " +"get the current Python thread state, but don't issue a fatal error if it is " +"NULL. This new function must be used instead of accessing directly the " +"_PyThreadState_Current variable. The variable is no more exposed since " +"Python 3.5.1 to hide the exact implementation of atomic C types, to avoid " +"compiler issues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41829 +msgid "" +":issue:`25791`: If __package__ != __spec__.parent or if neither __package__ " +"or __spec__ are defined then ImportWarning is raised." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41832 ../NEWS:44248 +msgid "" +":issue:`22995`: [UPDATE] Comment out the one of the pickleability tests in " +"_PyObject_GetState() due to regressions observed in Cython-based projects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41835 ../NEWS:44251 +msgid ":issue:`25961`: Disallowed null characters in the type name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41837 ../NEWS:44253 +msgid "" +":issue:`25973`: Fix segfault when an invalid nonlocal statement binds a name" +" starting with two underscores." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41840 ../NEWS:44256 +msgid "" +":issue:`22995`: Instances of extension types with a state that aren't " +"subclasses of list or dict and haven't implemented any pickle-related " +"methods (__reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __getnewargs__, __getnewargs_ex__, or " +"__getstate__), can no longer be pickled. Including memoryview." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41845 ../NEWS:44261 +msgid "" +":issue:`20440`: Massive replacing unsafe attribute setting code with special" +" macro Py_SETREF." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41848 ../NEWS:44264 +msgid "" +":issue:`25766`: Special method __bytes__() now works in str subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41850 ../NEWS:44266 +msgid "" +":issue:`25421`: __sizeof__ methods of builtin types now use dynamic basic " +"size. This allows sys.getsize() to work correctly with their subclasses with" +" __slots__ defined." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41854 ../NEWS:44270 ../NEWS:44880 +msgid "" +":issue:`25709`: Fixed problem with in-place string concatenation and utf-8 " +"cache." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41857 +msgid "" +":issue:`5319`: New Py_FinalizeEx() API allowing Python to set an exit status" +" of 120 on failure to flush buffered streams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41860 +msgid ":issue:`25485`: telnetlib.Telnet is now a context manager." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41862 ../NEWS:44275 +msgid "" +":issue:`24097`: Fixed crash in object.__reduce__() if slot name is freed " +"inside __getattr__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41865 ../NEWS:44278 +msgid "" +":issue:`24731`: Fixed crash on converting objects with special methods " +"__bytes__, __trunc__, and __float__ returning instances of subclasses of " +"bytes, int, and float to subclasses of bytes, int, and float " +"correspondingly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41870 ../NEWS:44898 +msgid "" +":issue:`25630`: Fix a possible segfault during argument parsing in functions" +" that accept filesystem paths." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41873 ../NEWS:44901 +msgid "" +":issue:`23564`: Fixed a partially broken sanity check in the " +"_posixsubprocess internals regarding how fds_to_pass were passed to the " +"child. The bug had no actual impact as subprocess.py already avoided it." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41877 ../NEWS:44905 +msgid "" +":issue:`25388`: Fixed tokenizer crash when processing undecodable source " +"code with a null byte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41880 ../NEWS:44908 +msgid "" +":issue:`25462`: The hash of the key now is calculated only once in most " +"operations in C implementation of OrderedDict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41883 ../NEWS:44911 +msgid "" +":issue:`22995`: Default implementation of __reduce__ and __reduce_ex__ now " +"rejects builtin types with not defined __new__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41886 ../NEWS:44917 +msgid "" +":issue:`24802`: Avoid buffer overreads when int(), float(), compile(), " +"exec() and eval() are passed bytes-like objects. These objects are not " +"necessarily terminated by a null byte, but the functions assumed they were." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41891 ../NEWS:44914 +msgid "" +":issue:`25555`: Fix parser and AST: fill lineno and col_offset of \"arg\" " +"node when compiling AST from Python objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41894 ../NEWS:44922 +msgid "" +":issue:`24726`: Fixed a crash and leaking NULL in repr() of OrderedDict that" +" was mutated by direct calls of dict methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41897 ../NEWS:44925 +msgid "" +":issue:`25449`: Iterating OrderedDict with keys with unstable hash now " +"raises KeyError in C implementations as well as in Python implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41900 ../NEWS:44928 +msgid "" +":issue:`25395`: Fixed crash when highly nested OrderedDict structures were " +"garbage collected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41903 +msgid "" +":issue:`25401`: Optimize bytes.fromhex() and bytearray.fromhex(): they are " +"now between 2x and 3.5x faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41906 +msgid "" +":issue:`25399`: Optimize bytearray % args using the new private " +"_PyBytesWriter API. Formatting is now between 2.5 and 5 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41909 ../NEWS:44931 +msgid "" +":issue:`25274`: sys.setrecursionlimit() now raises a RecursionError if the " +"new recursion limit is too low depending at the current recursion depth. " +"Modify also the \"lower-water mark\" formula to make it monotonic. This mark" +" is used to decide when the overflowed flag of the thread state is reset." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41914 ../NEWS:44936 +msgid "" +":issue:`24402`: Fix input() to prompt to the redirected stdout when " +"sys.stdout.fileno() fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41917 +msgid "" +":issue:`25349`: Optimize bytes % args using the new private _PyBytesWriter " +"API. Formatting is now up to 2 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41920 ../NEWS:44939 +msgid "" +":issue:`24806`: Prevent builtin types that are not allowed to be subclassed " +"from being subclassed through multiple inheritance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41923 +msgid "" +":issue:`25301`: The UTF-8 decoder is now up to 15 times as fast for error " +"handlers: ``ignore``, ``replace`` and ``surrogateescape``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41926 ../NEWS:44942 +msgid "" +":issue:`24848`: Fixed a number of bugs in UTF-7 decoding of misformed data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41928 +msgid "" +":issue:`25267`: The UTF-8 encoder is now up to 75 times as fast for error " +"handlers: ``ignore``, ``replace``, ``surrogateescape``, ``surrogatepass``. " +"Patch co-written with Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41932 ../NEWS:44944 +msgid "" +":issue:`25280`: Import trace messages emitted in verbose (-v) mode are no " +"longer formatted twice." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41935 +msgid "" +":issue:`25227`: Optimize ASCII and latin1 encoders with the " +"``surrogateescape`` error handler: the encoders are now up to 3 times as " +"fast. Initial patch written by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41939 ../NEWS:44947 +msgid "" +":issue:`25003`: On Solaris 11.3 or newer, os.urandom() now uses the " +"getrandom() function instead of the getentropy() function. The getentropy() " +"function is blocking to generate very good quality entropy, os.urandom() " +"doesn't need such high-quality entropy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41944 +msgid "" +":issue:`9232`: Modify Python's grammar to allow trailing commas in the " +"argument list of a function declaration. For example, \"def f(\\*, a = 3,):" +" pass\" is now legal. Patch from Mark Dickinson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41948 +msgid "" +":issue:`24965`: Implement :pep:`498` \"Literal String Interpolation\". This " +"allows you to embed expressions inside f-strings, which are converted to " +"normal strings at run time. Given x=3, then f'value={x}' == 'value=3'. Patch" +" by Eric V. Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41953 ../NEWS:44283 +msgid "" +":issue:`26478`: Fix semantic bugs when using binary operators with " +"dictionary views and tuples." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41956 ../NEWS:44286 +msgid "" +":issue:`26171`: Fix possible integer overflow and heap corruption in " +"zipimporter.get_data()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41959 ../NEWS:44289 +msgid ":issue:`25660`: Fix TAB key behaviour in REPL with readline." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41961 +msgid ":issue:`26288`: Optimize PyLong_AsDouble." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41963 +msgid "" +":issue:`26289`: Optimize floor and modulo division for single-digit longs. " +"Microbenchmarks show 2-2.5x improvement. Built-in 'divmod' function is now " +"also ~10% faster. (See also: :issue:`26315`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41967 ../NEWS:44291 +msgid "" +":issue:`25887`: Raise a RuntimeError when a coroutine object is awaited more" +" than once." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41973 ../NEWS:44347 +msgid "" +":issue:`27057`: Fix os.set_inheritable() on Android, ioctl() is blocked by " +"SELinux and fails with EACCESS. The function now falls back to fcntl(). " +"Patch written by Michał Bednarski." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41977 ../NEWS:44351 +msgid "" +":issue:`27014`: Fix infinite recursion using typing.py. Thanks to Kalle " +"Tuure!" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41979 +msgid "" +":issue:`27031`: Removed dummy methods in Tkinter widget classes: " +"tk_menuBar() and tk_bindForTraversal()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41982 ../NEWS:44353 +msgid "" +":issue:`14132`: Fix urllib.request redirect handling when the target only " +"has a query string. Original fix by Ján Janech." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41985 ../NEWS:44356 +msgid "" +":issue:`17214`: The \"urllib.request\" module now percent-encodes non-ASCII " +"bytes found in redirect target URLs. Some servers send Location header " +"fields with non-ASCII bytes, but \"http.client\" requires the request target" +" to be ASCII-encodable, otherwise a UnicodeEncodeError is raised. Based on " +"patch by Christian Heimes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41991 +msgid "" +":issue:`27033`: The default value of the decode_data parameter for " +"smtpd.SMTPChannel and smtpd.SMTPServer constructors is changed to False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41994 +msgid ":issue:`27034`: Removed deprecated class asynchat.fifo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:41996 +msgid "" +":issue:`26870`: Added readline.set_auto_history(), which can stop entries " +"being automatically added to the history list. Based on patch by Tyler " +"Crompton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42000 +msgid "" +":issue:`26039`: zipfile.ZipFile.open() can now be used to write data into a " +"ZIP file, as well as for extracting data. Patch by Thomas Kluyver." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42003 ../NEWS:44362 +msgid "" +":issue:`26892`: Honor debuglevel flag in urllib.request.HTTPHandler. Patch " +"contributed by Chi Hsuan Yen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42006 ../NEWS:44365 +msgid "" +":issue:`22274`: In the subprocess module, allow stderr to be redirected to " +"stdout even when stdout is not redirected. Patch by Akira Li." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42009 ../NEWS:44368 +msgid "" +":issue:`26807`: mock_open 'files' no longer error on readline at end of " +"file. Patch from Yolanda Robla." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42012 ../NEWS:44371 +msgid ":issue:`25745`: Fixed leaking a userptr in curses panel destructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42014 ../NEWS:44373 +msgid "" +":issue:`26977`: Removed unnecessary, and ignored, call to sum of squares " +"helper in statistics.pvariance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42017 +msgid "" +":issue:`26002`: Use bisect in statistics.median instead of a linear search. " +"Patch by Upendra Kuma." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42020 +msgid "" +":issue:`25974`: Make use of new Decimal.as_integer_ratio() method in " +"statistics module. Patch by Stefan Krah." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42023 +msgid ":issue:`26996`: Add secrets module as described in :pep:`506`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42025 ../NEWS:44376 +msgid "" +":issue:`26881`: The modulefinder module now supports extended opcode " +"arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42027 ../NEWS:44378 +msgid "" +":issue:`23815`: Fixed crashes related to directly created instances of types" +" in _tkinter and curses.panel modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42030 ../NEWS:44381 +msgid "" +":issue:`17765`: weakref.ref() no longer silently ignores keyword arguments. " +"Patch by Georg Brandl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42033 ../NEWS:44384 +msgid "" +":issue:`26873`: xmlrpc now raises ResponseError on unsupported type tags " +"instead of silently return incorrect result." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42036 +msgid "" +":issue:`26915`: The __contains__ methods in the collections ABCs now check " +"for identity before checking equality. This better matches the behavior of " +"the concrete classes, allows sensible handling of NaNs, and makes it easier " +"to reason about container invariants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42041 ../NEWS:44387 +msgid "" +":issue:`26711`: Fixed the comparison of plistlib.Data with other types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42043 ../NEWS:44389 +msgid "" +":issue:`24114`: Fix an uninitialized variable in ``ctypes.util``. The bug " +"only occurs on SunOS when the ctypes implementation searches for the " +"``crle`` program. Patch by Xiang Zhang. Tested on SunOS by Kees Bos." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42047 ../NEWS:44393 +msgid "" +":issue:`26864`: In urllib.request, change the proxy bypass host checking " +"against no_proxy to be case-insensitive, and to not match unrelated host " +"names that happen to have a bypassed hostname as a suffix. Patch by Xiang " +"Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42052 +msgid "" +":issue:`24902`: Print server URL on http.server startup. Initial patch by " +"Felix Kaiser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42055 +msgid "" +":issue:`25788`: fileinput.hook_encoded() now supports an \"errors\" argument" +" for passing to open. Original patch by Joseph Hackman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42058 ../NEWS:44398 +msgid "" +":issue:`26634`: recursive_repr() now sets __qualname__ of wrapper. Patch by" +" Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42061 ../NEWS:44401 +msgid "" +":issue:`26804`: urllib.request will prefer lower_case proxy environment " +"variables over UPPER_CASE or Mixed_Case ones. Patch contributed by Hans-" +"Peter Jansen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42065 ../NEWS:44405 +msgid "" +":issue:`26837`: assertSequenceEqual() now correctly outputs non-stringified " +"differing items (like bytes in the -b mode). This affects assertListEqual()" +" and assertTupleEqual()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42069 ../NEWS:44409 +msgid "" +":issue:`26041`: Remove \"will be removed in Python 3.7\" from deprecation " +"messages of platform.dist() and platform.linux_distribution(). Patch by " +"Kumaripaba Miyurusara Athukorala." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42073 ../NEWS:44413 +msgid "" +":issue:`26822`: itemgetter, attrgetter and methodcaller objects no longer " +"silently ignore keyword arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42076 ../NEWS:44416 +msgid "" +":issue:`26733`: Disassembling a class now disassembles class and static " +"methods. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42079 ../NEWS:44419 +msgid "" +":issue:`26801`: Fix error handling in :func:`shutil.get_terminal_size`, " +"catch :exc:`AttributeError` instead of :exc:`NameError`. Patch written by " +"Emanuel Barry." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42083 ../NEWS:44423 +msgid "" +":issue:`24838`: tarfile's ustar and gnu formats now correctly calculate name" +" and link field limits for multibyte character encodings like utf-8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42086 ../NEWS:44426 +msgid "" +":issue:`26717`: Stop encoding Latin-1-ized WSGI paths with UTF-8. Patch by " +"Anthony Sottile." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42089 +msgid ":issue:`26782`: Add STARTUPINFO to subprocess.__all__ on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42091 +msgid "" +":issue:`26404`: Add context manager to socketserver. Patch by Aviv " +"Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42093 ../NEWS:44429 +msgid "" +":issue:`26735`: Fix :func:`os.urandom` on Solaris 11.3 and newer when " +"reading more than 1,024 bytes: call ``getrandom()`` multiple times with a " +"limit of 1024 bytes per call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42097 +msgid "" +":issue:`26585`: Eliminate http.server._quote_html() and use " +"html.escape(quote=False). Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42100 +msgid ":issue:`26685`: Raise OSError if closing a socket fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42102 ../NEWS:44433 +msgid "" +":issue:`16329`: Add .webm to mimetypes.types_map. Patch by Giampaolo " +"Rodola'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42104 ../NEWS:44435 +msgid "" +":issue:`13952`: Add .csv to mimetypes.types_map. Patch by Geoff Wilson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42106 +msgid "" +":issue:`26587`: the site module now allows .pth files to specify files to be" +" added to sys.path (e.g. zip files)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42109 +msgid "" +":issue:`25609`: Introduce contextlib.AbstractContextManager and " +"typing.ContextManager." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42112 ../NEWS:44437 +msgid ":issue:`26709`: Fixed Y2038 problem in loading binary PLists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42114 ../NEWS:44439 +msgid "" +":issue:`23735`: Handle terminal resizing with Readline 6.3+ by installing " +"our own SIGWINCH handler. Patch by Eric Price." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42117 +msgid "" +":issue:`25951`: Change SSLSocket.sendall() to return None, as explicitly " +"documented for plain socket objects. Patch by Aviv Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42120 ../NEWS:44442 +msgid "" +":issue:`26586`: In http.server, respond with \"413 Request header fields too" +" large\" if there are too many header fields to parse, rather than killing " +"the connection and raising an unhandled exception. Patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42124 +msgid ":issue:`26676`: Added missing XMLPullParser to ElementTree.__all__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42126 ../NEWS:44446 +msgid "" +":issue:`22854`: Change BufferedReader.writable() and " +"BufferedWriter.readable() to always return False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42129 +msgid "" +":issue:`26492`: Exhausted iterator of array.array now conforms with the " +"behavior of iterators of other mutable sequences: it lefts exhausted even if" +" iterated array is extended." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42133 +msgid "" +":issue:`26641`: doctest.DocFileTest and doctest.testfile() now support " +"packages (module splitted into multiple directories) for the package " +"parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42136 ../NEWS:44449 +msgid "" +":issue:`25195`: Fix a regression in mock.MagicMock. _Call is a subclass of " +"tuple (changeset 3603bae63c13 only works for classes) so we need to " +"implement __ne__ ourselves. Patch by Andrew Plummer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42140 ../NEWS:44453 +msgid "" +":issue:`26644`: Raise ValueError rather than SystemError when a negative " +"length is passed to SSLSocket.recv() or read()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42143 ../NEWS:44456 +msgid "" +":issue:`23804`: Fix SSL recv(0) and read(0) methods to return zero bytes " +"instead of up to 1024." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42146 ../NEWS:44459 +msgid ":issue:`26616`: Fixed a bug in datetime.astimezone() method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42148 +msgid "" +":issue:`26637`: The :mod:`importlib` module now emits an :exc:`ImportError` " +"rather than a :exc:`TypeError` if :func:`__import__` is tried during the " +"Python shutdown process but :data:`sys.path` is already cleared (set to " +"``None``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42153 +msgid "" +":issue:`21925`: :func:`warnings.formatwarning` now catches exceptions when " +"calling :func:`linecache.getline` and " +":func:`tracemalloc.get_object_traceback` to be able to log " +":exc:`ResourceWarning` emitted late during the Python shutdown process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42158 +msgid "" +":issue:`23848`: On Windows, faulthandler.enable() now also installs an " +"exception handler to dump the traceback of all Python threads on any Windows" +" exception, not only on UNIX signals (SIGSEGV, SIGFPE, SIGABRT)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42162 +msgid "" +":issue:`26530`: Add C functions :c:func:`!_PyTraceMalloc_Track` and " +":c:func:`!_PyTraceMalloc_Untrack` to track memory blocks using the " +":mod:`tracemalloc` module. Add :c:func:`!_PyTraceMalloc_GetTraceback` to get" +" the traceback of an object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42167 +msgid "" +":issue:`26588`: The _tracemalloc now supports tracing memory allocations of " +"multiple address spaces (domains)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42170 ../NEWS:44465 +msgid "" +":issue:`24266`: Ctrl+C during Readline history search now cancels the search" +" mode when compiled with Readline 7." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42173 +msgid "" +":issue:`26590`: Implement a safe finalizer for the _socket.socket type. It " +"now releases the GIL to close the socket." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42176 +msgid "" +":issue:`18787`: spwd.getspnam() now raises a PermissionError if the user " +"doesn't have privileges." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42179 ../NEWS:44468 +msgid "" +":issue:`26560`: Avoid potential ValueError in BaseHandler.start_response. " +"Initial patch by Peter Inglesby." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42182 +msgid "" +":issue:`26567`: Add a new function :c:func:`PyErr_ResourceWarning` function " +"to pass the destroyed object. Add a *source* attribute to " +":class:`warnings.WarningMessage`. Add warnings._showwarnmsg() which uses " +"tracemalloc to get the traceback where source object was allocated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42187 ../NEWS:44471 +msgid "" +":issue:`26569`: Fix :func:`pyclbr.readmodule` and " +":func:`pyclbr.readmodule_ex` to support importing packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42190 ../NEWS:44474 +msgid "" +":issue:`26499`: Account for remaining Content-Length in " +"HTTPResponse.readline() and read1(). Based on patch by Silent Ghost. Also " +"document that HTTPResponse now supports these methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42194 ../NEWS:44478 +msgid "" +":issue:`25320`: Handle sockets in directories unittest discovery is " +"scanning. Patch from Victor van den Elzen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42197 ../NEWS:44481 +msgid "" +":issue:`16181`: cookiejar.http2time() now returns None if year is higher " +"than datetime.MAXYEAR." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42200 ../NEWS:44484 +msgid ":issue:`26513`: Fixes platform module detection of Windows Server" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42202 ../NEWS:44486 +msgid "" +":issue:`23718`: Fixed parsing time in week 0 before Jan 1. Original patch " +"by Tamás Bence Gedai." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42205 +msgid "" +":issue:`26323`: Add Mock.assert_called() and Mock.assert_called_once() " +"methods to unittest.mock. Patch written by Amit Saha." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42208 ../NEWS:44489 +msgid "" +":issue:`20589`: Invoking Path.owner() and Path.group() on Windows now raise " +"NotImplementedError instead of ImportError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42211 ../NEWS:44492 +msgid "" +":issue:`26177`: Fixed the keys() method for Canvas and Scrollbar widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42213 +msgid "" +":issue:`15068`: Got rid of excessive buffering in fileinput. The bufsize " +"parameter is now deprecated and ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42216 +msgid "" +":issue:`19475`: Added an optional argument timespec to the datetime " +"isoformat() method to choose the precision of the time component." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42219 ../NEWS:44497 +msgid "" +":issue:`2202`: Fix UnboundLocalError in " +"AbstractDigestAuthHandler.get_algorithm_impls. Initial patch by Mathieu " +"Dupuy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42223 +msgid "" +":issue:`26167`: Minimized overhead in copy.copy() and copy.deepcopy(). " +"Optimized copying and deepcopying bytearrays, NotImplemented, slices, short " +"lists, tuples, dicts, sets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42227 ../NEWS:44501 +msgid "" +":issue:`25718`: Fixed pickling and copying the accumulate() iterator with " +"total is None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42230 ../NEWS:44504 +msgid "" +":issue:`26475`: Fixed debugging output for regular expressions with the (?x)" +" flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42233 +msgid ":issue:`26482`: Allowed pickling recursive dequeues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42235 +msgid "" +":issue:`26335`: Make mmap.write() return the number of bytes written like " +"other write methods. Patch by Jakub Stasiak." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42238 ../NEWS:44507 +msgid "" +":issue:`26457`: Fixed the subnets() methods in IP network classes for the " +"case when resulting prefix length is equal to maximal prefix length. Based " +"on patch by Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42242 ../NEWS:44511 +msgid "" +":issue:`26385`: Remove the file if the internal open() call in " +"NamedTemporaryFile() fails. Patch by Silent Ghost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42245 ../NEWS:44514 +msgid "" +":issue:`26402`: Fix XML-RPC client to retry when the server shuts down a " +"persistent connection. This was a regression related to the new " +"http.client.RemoteDisconnected exception in 3.5.0a4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42249 ../NEWS:44518 +msgid "" +":issue:`25913`: Leading ``<~`` is optional now in base64.a85decode() with " +"adobe=True. Patch by Swati Jaiswal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42252 ../NEWS:44521 +msgid "" +":issue:`26186`: Remove an invalid type check in importlib.util.LazyLoader." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42254 +msgid "" +":issue:`26367`: importlib.__import__() raises ImportError like " +"builtins.__import__() when ``level`` is specified but without an " +"accompanying package specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42258 ../NEWS:44527 +msgid "" +":issue:`26309`: In the \"socketserver\" module, shut down the request " +"(closing the connected socket) when verify_request() returns false. Patch " +"by Aviv Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42262 +msgid "" +":issue:`23430`: Change the socketserver module to only catch exceptions " +"raised from a request handler that are derived from Exception (instead of " +"BaseException). Therefore SystemExit and KeyboardInterrupt no longer trigger" +" the handle_error() method, and will now to stop a single-threaded server." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42268 ../NEWS:44531 +msgid "" +":issue:`25995`: os.walk() no longer uses FDs proportional to the tree depth." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42270 +msgid "" +":issue:`25994`: Added the close() method and the support of the context " +"manager protocol for the os.scandir() iterator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42273 +msgid "" +":issue:`23992`: multiprocessing: make MapResult not fail-fast upon " +"exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42275 +msgid "" +":issue:`26243`: Support keyword arguments to zlib.compress(). Patch by Aviv" +" Palivoda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42278 ../NEWS:44533 +msgid "" +":issue:`26117`: The os.scandir() iterator now closes file descriptor not " +"only when the iteration is finished, but when it was failed with error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42281 +msgid "" +":issue:`25949`: __dict__ for an OrderedDict instance is now created only " +"when needed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42284 ../NEWS:44536 +msgid "" +":issue:`25911`: Restored support of bytes paths in os.walk() on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42286 ../NEWS:44538 +msgid "" +":issue:`26045`: Add UTF-8 suggestion to error message when posting a non-" +"Latin-1 string with http.client." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42289 +msgid "" +":issue:`26039`: Added zipfile.ZipInfo.from_file() and " +"zipinfo.ZipInfo.is_dir(). Patch by Thomas Kluyver." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42292 ../NEWS:44541 +msgid "" +":issue:`12923`: Reset FancyURLopener's redirect counter even if there is an " +"exception. Based on patches by Brian Brazil and Daniel Rocco." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42295 ../NEWS:44544 +msgid "" +":issue:`25945`: Fixed a crash when unpickle the functools.partial object " +"with wrong state. Fixed a leak in failed functools.partial constructor. " +"\"args\" and \"keywords\" attributes of functools.partial have now always " +"types tuple and dict correspondingly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42300 ../NEWS:44549 +msgid "" +":issue:`26202`: copy.deepcopy() now correctly copies range() objects with " +"non-atomic attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42303 ../NEWS:44552 +msgid "" +":issue:`23076`: Path.glob() now raises a ValueError if it's called with an " +"invalid pattern. Patch by Thomas Nyberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42306 ../NEWS:44555 +msgid ":issue:`19883`: Fixed possible integer overflows in zipimport." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42308 ../NEWS:44557 +msgid "" +":issue:`26227`: On Windows, getnameinfo(), gethostbyaddr() and " +"gethostbyname_ex() functions of the socket module now decode the hostname " +"from the ANSI code page rather than UTF-8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42312 +msgid "" +":issue:`26099`: The site module now writes an error into stderr if " +"sitecustomize module can be imported but executing the module raise an " +"ImportError. Same change for usercustomize." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42316 ../NEWS:44561 +msgid "" +":issue:`26147`: xmlrpc now works with strings not encodable with used non-" +"UTF-8 encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42319 ../NEWS:44564 +msgid "" +":issue:`25935`: Garbage collector now breaks reference loops with " +"OrderedDict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42321 ../NEWS:44566 +msgid ":issue:`16620`: Fixed AttributeError in msilib.Directory.glob()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42323 ../NEWS:44568 +msgid "" +":issue:`26013`: Added compatibility with broken protocol 2 pickles created " +"in old Python 3 versions (3.4.3 and lower)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42326 +msgid ":issue:`26129`: Deprecated accepting non-integers in grp.getgrgid()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42328 ../NEWS:44571 +msgid ":issue:`25850`: Use cross-compilation by default for 64-bit Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42330 +msgid "" +":issue:`25822`: Add docstrings to the fields of urllib.parse results. Patch " +"contributed by Swati Jaiswal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42333 +msgid "" +":issue:`22642`: Convert trace module option parsing mechanism to argparse. " +"Patch contributed by SilentGhost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42336 ../NEWS:44575 +msgid "" +":issue:`24705`: Fix sysconfig._parse_makefile not expanding ${} vars " +"appearing before $() vars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42339 +msgid ":issue:`26069`: Remove the deprecated apis in the trace module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42341 ../NEWS:44578 +msgid "" +":issue:`22138`: Fix mock.patch behavior when patching descriptors. Restore " +"original values after patching. Patch contributed by Sean McCully." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42344 ../NEWS:44581 +msgid "" +":issue:`25672`: In the ssl module, enable the SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS mode " +"option if it is safe to do so." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42347 ../NEWS:44584 +msgid "" +":issue:`26012`: Don't traverse into symlinks for ``**`` pattern in " +"pathlib.Path.[r]glob()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42350 ../NEWS:44587 +msgid "" +":issue:`24120`: Ignore PermissionError when traversing a tree with " +"pathlib.Path.[r]glob(). Patch by Ulrich Petri." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42353 +msgid "" +":issue:`21815`: Accept ] characters in the data portion of imap responses, " +"in order to handle the flags with square brackets accepted and produced by " +"servers such as gmail." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42357 ../NEWS:44590 +msgid "" +":issue:`25447`: fileinput now uses sys.stdin as-is if it does not have a " +"buffer attribute (restores backward compatibility)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42360 +msgid "" +":issue:`25971`: Optimized creating Fractions from floats by 2 times and from" +" Decimals by 3 times." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42363 +msgid "" +":issue:`25802`: Document as deprecated the remaining implementations of " +"importlib.abc.Loader.load_module()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42366 +msgid ":issue:`25928`: Add Decimal.as_integer_ratio()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42368 ../NEWS:44593 +msgid "" +":issue:`25447`: Copying the lru_cache() wrapper object now always works, " +"independently from the type of the wrapped object (by returning the original" +" object unchanged)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42372 +msgid "" +":issue:`25768`: Have the functions in compileall return booleans instead of " +"ints and add proper documentation and tests for the return values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42375 ../NEWS:44597 +msgid "" +":issue:`24103`: Fixed possible use after free in ElementTree.XMLPullParser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42377 ../NEWS:44599 +msgid "" +":issue:`25860`: os.fwalk() no longer skips remaining directories when error " +"occurs. Original patch by Samson Lee." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42380 ../NEWS:44602 +msgid ":issue:`25914`: Fixed and simplified OrderedDict.__sizeof__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42382 +msgid "" +":issue:`25869`: Optimized deepcopying ElementTree; it is now 20 times " +"faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42384 +msgid "" +":issue:`25873`: Optimized iterating ElementTree. Iterating elements " +"Element.iter() is now 40% faster, iterating text Element.itertext() is now " +"up to 2.5 times faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42388 ../NEWS:44604 +msgid "" +":issue:`25902`: Fixed various refcount issues in ElementTree iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42390 +msgid "" +":issue:`22227`: The TarFile iterator is reimplemented using generator. This " +"implementation is simpler that using class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42393 +msgid "" +":issue:`25638`: Optimized ElementTree.iterparse(); it is now 2x faster. " +"Optimized ElementTree parsing; it is now 10% faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42396 +msgid ":issue:`25761`: Improved detecting errors in broken pickle data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42398 ../NEWS:44606 +msgid "" +":issue:`25717`: Restore the previous behaviour of tolerating most fstat() " +"errors when opening files. This was a regression in 3.5a1, and stopped " +"anonymous temporary files from working in special cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42402 ../NEWS:44610 +msgid "" +":issue:`24903`: Fix regression in number of arguments compileall accepts " +"when '-d' is specified. The check on the number of arguments has been " +"dropped completely as it never worked correctly anyway." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42406 ../NEWS:44614 +msgid "" +":issue:`25764`: In the subprocess module, preserve any exception caused by " +"fork() failure when preexec_fn is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42409 +msgid "" +":issue:`25771`: Tweak the exception message for " +"importlib.util.resolve_name() when 'package' isn't specified but necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42412 ../NEWS:44617 +msgid "" +":issue:`6478`: _strptime's regexp cache now is reset after changing timezone" +" with time.tzset()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42415 ../NEWS:44620 +msgid "" +":issue:`14285`: When executing a package with the \"python -m package\" " +"option, and package initialization fails, a proper traceback is now " +"reported. The \"runpy\" module now lets exceptions from package " +"initialization pass back to the caller, rather than raising ImportError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42420 ../NEWS:44625 +msgid "" +":issue:`19771`: Also in runpy and the \"-m\" option, omit the irrelevant " +"message \". . . is a package and cannot be directly executed\" if the " +"package could not even be initialized (e.g. due to a bad ``*.pyc`` file)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42424 ../NEWS:44629 +msgid "" +":issue:`25177`: Fixed problem with the mean of very small and very large " +"numbers. As a side effect, statistics.mean and statistics.variance should be" +" significantly faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42428 ../NEWS:44633 +msgid "" +":issue:`25718`: Fixed copying object with state with boolean value is false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42430 ../NEWS:44635 +msgid "" +":issue:`10131`: Fixed deep copying of minidom documents. Based on patch by " +"Marian Ganisin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42433 +msgid "" +":issue:`7990`: dir() on ElementTree.Element now lists properties: \"tag\", " +"\"text\", \"tail\" and \"attrib\". Original patch by Santoso Wijaya." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42436 ../NEWS:44638 +msgid "" +":issue:`25725`: Fixed a reference leak in pickle.loads() when unpickling " +"invalid data including tuple instructions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42439 ../NEWS:44641 +msgid "" +":issue:`25663`: In the Readline completer, avoid listing duplicate global " +"names, and search the global namespace before searching builtins." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42442 ../NEWS:44644 +msgid "" +":issue:`25688`: Fixed file leak in ElementTree.iterparse() raising an error." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42444 ../NEWS:44646 +msgid "" +":issue:`23914`: Fixed SystemError raised by unpickler on broken pickle data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42446 ../NEWS:44648 +msgid "" +":issue:`25691`: Fixed crash on deleting ElementTree.Element attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42448 ../NEWS:44650 +msgid "" +":issue:`25624`: ZipFile now always writes a ZIP_STORED header for directory " +"entries. Patch by Dingyuan Wang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42451 ../NEWS:44966 +msgid "" +":issue:`25626`: Change three zlib functions to accept sizes that fit in " +"Py_ssize_t, but internally cap those sizes to UINT_MAX. This resolves a " +"regression in 3.5 where GzipFile.read() failed to read chunks larger than 2 " +"or 4 GiB. The change affects the zlib.Decompress.decompress() max_length " +"parameter, the zlib.decompress() bufsize parameter, and the " +"zlib.Decompress.flush() length parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42458 ../NEWS:44973 +msgid "" +":issue:`25583`: Avoid incorrect errors raised by os.makedirs(exist_ok=True) " +"when the OS gives priority to errors such as EACCES over EEXIST." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42461 ../NEWS:44976 +msgid ":issue:`25593`: Change semantics of EventLoop.stop() in asyncio." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42463 ../NEWS:44978 +msgid "" +":issue:`6973`: When we know a subprocess.Popen process has died, do not " +"allow the send_signal(), terminate(), or kill() methods to do anything as " +"they could potentially signal a different process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42467 +msgid "" +":issue:`23883`: Added missing APIs to __all__ to match the documented APIs " +"for the following modules: calendar, csv, enum, fileinput, ftplib, logging, " +"optparse, tarfile, threading and wave. Also added a " +"test.support.check__all__() helper. Patches by Jacek Kołodziej, Mauro S. M. " +"Rodrigues and Joel Taddei." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42473 +msgid "" +":issue:`25590`: In the Readline completer, only call getattr() once per " +"attribute. Also complete names of attributes such as properties and slots " +"which are listed by dir() but not yet created on an instance." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42477 ../NEWS:44985 +msgid "" +":issue:`25498`: Fix a crash when garbage-collecting ctypes objects created " +"by wrapping a memoryview. This was a regression made in 3.5a1. Based on " +"patch by Eryksun." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42481 ../NEWS:44989 +msgid ":issue:`25584`: Added \"escape\" to the __all__ list in the glob module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42483 ../NEWS:44991 +msgid "" +":issue:`25584`: Fixed recursive glob() with patterns starting with ``**``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42485 ../NEWS:44993 +msgid ":issue:`25446`: Fix regression in smtplib's AUTH LOGIN support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42487 ../NEWS:44995 +msgid "" +":issue:`18010`: Fix the pydoc web server's module search function to handle " +"exceptions from importing packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42490 ../NEWS:44998 +msgid "" +":issue:`25554`: Got rid of circular references in regular expression " +"parsing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42492 +msgid "" +":issue:`18973`: Command-line interface of the calendar module now uses " +"argparse instead of optparse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42495 ../NEWS:45000 +msgid "" +":issue:`25510`: fileinput.FileInput.readline() now returns b'' instead of ''" +" at the end if the FileInput was opened with binary mode. Patch by Ryosuke " +"Ito." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42499 ../NEWS:45004 +msgid "" +":issue:`25503`: Fixed inspect.getdoc() for inherited docstrings of " +"properties. Original patch by John Mark Vandenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42502 ../NEWS:45007 +msgid "" +":issue:`25515`: Always use os.urandom as a source of randomness in " +"uuid.uuid4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42504 ../NEWS:45009 +msgid "" +":issue:`21827`: Fixed textwrap.dedent() for the case when largest common " +"whitespace is a substring of smallest leading whitespace. Based on patch by " +"Robert Li." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42508 ../NEWS:45013 +msgid "" +":issue:`25447`: The lru_cache() wrapper objects now can be copied and " +"pickled (by returning the original object unchanged)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42511 ../NEWS:45016 +msgid ":issue:`25390`: typing: Don't crash on Union[str, Pattern]." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42513 ../NEWS:45018 +msgid "" +":issue:`25441`: asyncio: Raise error from drain() when socket is closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42515 ../NEWS:45020 +msgid "" +":issue:`25410`: Cleaned up and fixed minor bugs in C implementation of " +"OrderedDict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42518 ../NEWS:45023 +msgid "" +":issue:`25411`: Improved Unicode support in SMTPHandler through better use " +"of the email package. Thanks to user simon04 for the patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42521 +msgid "" +"Move the imp module from a PendingDeprecationWarning to DeprecationWarning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42524 ../NEWS:45026 +msgid "" +":issue:`25407`: Remove mentions of the formatter module being removed in " +"Python 3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42527 ../NEWS:45029 +msgid "" +":issue:`25406`: Fixed a bug in C implementation of OrderedDict.move_to_end()" +" that caused segmentation fault or hang in iterating after moving several " +"items to the start of ordered dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42531 +msgid "" +":issue:`25382`: pickletools.dis() now outputs implicit memo index for the " +"MEMOIZE opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42534 +msgid "" +":issue:`25357`: Add an optional newline parameter to binascii.b2a_base64(). " +"base64.b64encode() uses it to avoid a memory copy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42537 +msgid "" +":issue:`24164`: Objects that need calling ``__new__`` with keyword " +"arguments, can now be pickled using pickle protocols older than protocol " +"version 4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42540 ../NEWS:45033 +msgid ":issue:`25364`: zipfile now works in threads disabled builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42542 ../NEWS:45035 +msgid "" +":issue:`25328`: smtpd's SMTPChannel now correctly raises a ValueError if " +"both decode_data and enable_SMTPUTF8 are set to true." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42545 +msgid "" +":issue:`16099`: RobotFileParser now supports Crawl-delay and Request-rate " +"extensions. Patch by Nikolay Bogoychev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42548 ../NEWS:45038 +msgid "" +":issue:`25316`: distutils raises OSError instead of DistutilsPlatformError " +"when MSVC is not installed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42551 ../NEWS:45041 +msgid "" +":issue:`25380`: Fixed protocol for the STACK_GLOBAL opcode in " +"pickletools.opcodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42554 ../NEWS:45044 +msgid "" +":issue:`23972`: Updates asyncio datagram create method allowing reuseport " +"and reuseaddr socket options to be set prior to binding the socket. " +"Mirroring the existing asyncio create_server method the reuseaddr option for" +" datagram sockets defaults to True if the O/S is 'posix' (except if the " +"platform is Cygwin). Patch by Chris Laws." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42560 ../NEWS:45050 +msgid "" +":issue:`25304`: Add asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(). This lets you " +"submit a coroutine to a loop from another thread, returning a " +"concurrent.futures.Future. By Vincent Michel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42564 ../NEWS:45054 +msgid "" +":issue:`25232`: Fix CGIRequestHandler to split the query from the URL at the" +" first question mark (?) rather than the last. Patch from Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42567 ../NEWS:45057 +msgid "" +":issue:`24657`: Prevent CGIRequestHandler from collapsing slashes in the " +"query part of the URL as if it were a path. Patch from Xiang Zhang." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42570 +msgid "" +":issue:`25287`: Don't add crypt.METHOD_CRYPT to crypt.methods if it's not " +"supported. Check if it is supported, it may not be supported on OpenBSD for " +"example." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42574 ../NEWS:45085 +msgid "" +":issue:`23600`: Default implementation of tzinfo.fromutc() was returning " +"wrong results in some cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42577 ../NEWS:45082 +msgid "" +":issue:`25203`: Failed readline.set_completer_delims() no longer left the " +"module in inconsistent state." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42580 +msgid "" +":issue:`25011`: rlcompleter now omits private and special attribute names " +"unless the prefix starts with underscores." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42583 +msgid "" +":issue:`25209`: rlcompleter now can add a space or a colon after completed " +"keyword." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42586 +msgid ":issue:`22241`: timezone.utc name is now plain 'UTC', not 'UTC-00:00'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42588 +msgid "" +":issue:`23517`: fromtimestamp() and utcfromtimestamp() methods of " +"datetime.datetime now round microseconds to nearest with ties going to " +"nearest even integer (ROUND_HALF_EVEN), as round(float), instead of rounding" +" towards -Infinity (ROUND_FLOOR)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42593 +msgid "" +":issue:`23552`: Timeit now warns when there is substantial (4x) variance " +"between best and worst times. Patch from Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42596 +msgid ":issue:`24633`: site-packages/README -> README.txt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42598 +msgid "" +":issue:`24879`: help() and pydoc can now list named tuple fields in the " +"order they were defined rather than alphabetically. The ordering is " +"determined by the _fields attribute if present." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42602 +msgid "" +":issue:`24874`: Improve speed of itertools.cycle() and make its pickle more " +"compact." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42605 +msgid "" +"Fix crash in itertools.cycle.__setstate__() when the first argument wasn't a" +" list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42608 +msgid "" +":issue:`20059`: urllib.parse raises ValueError on all invalid ports. Patch " +"by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42611 +msgid "" +":issue:`24360`: Improve __repr__ of argparse.Namespace() for invalid " +"identifiers. Patch by Matthias Bussonnier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42614 +msgid "" +":issue:`23426`: run_setup was broken in distutils. Patch from Alexander " +"Belopolsky." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42617 +msgid "" +":issue:`13938`: 2to3 converts StringTypes to a tuple. Patch from Mark " +"Hammond." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42619 +msgid "" +":issue:`2091`: open() accepted a 'U' mode string containing '+', but 'U' can" +" only be used with 'r'. Patch from Jeff Balogh and John O'Connor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42622 +msgid "" +":issue:`8585`: improved tests for zipimporter2. Patch from Mark Lawrence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42624 ../NEWS:45627 +msgid "" +":issue:`18622`: unittest.mock.mock_open().reset_mock would recurse " +"infinitely. Patch from Nicola Palumbo and Laurent De Buyst." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42627 +msgid "" +":issue:`24426`: Fast searching optimization in regular expressions now works" +" for patterns that starts with capturing groups. Fast searching " +"optimization now can't be disabled at compile time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42631 ../NEWS:45630 +msgid "" +":issue:`23661`: unittest.mock side_effects can now be exceptions again. This" +" was a regression vs Python 3.4. Patch from Ignacio Rossi" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42634 +msgid ":issue:`13248`: Remove deprecated inspect.getmoduleinfo function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42636 ../NEWS:45159 +msgid ":issue:`25578`: Fix (another) memory leak in SSLSocket.getpeercer()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42638 ../NEWS:45161 +msgid "" +":issue:`25530`: Disable the vulnerable SSLv3 protocol by default when " +"creating ssl.SSLContext." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42641 ../NEWS:45164 +msgid ":issue:`25569`: Fix memory leak in SSLSocket.getpeercert()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42643 ../NEWS:45166 +msgid "" +":issue:`25471`: Sockets returned from accept() shouldn't appear to be " +"nonblocking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42646 ../NEWS:45169 +msgid "" +":issue:`25319`: When threading.Event is reinitialized, the underlying " +"condition should use a regular lock rather than a recursive lock." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42649 ../NEWS:44653 +msgid "" +"Skip getaddrinfo if host is already resolved. Patch by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42652 ../NEWS:44656 +msgid "" +":issue:`26050`: Add asyncio.StreamReader.readuntil() method. Patch by Марк " +"Коренберг." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42655 ../NEWS:44659 +msgid "" +":issue:`25924`: Avoid unnecessary serialization of getaddrinfo(3) calls on " +"OS X versions 10.5 or higher. Original patch by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42658 ../NEWS:44662 +msgid "" +":issue:`26406`: Avoid unnecessary serialization of getaddrinfo(3) calls on " +"current versions of OpenBSD and NetBSD. Patch by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42661 ../NEWS:44665 +msgid "" +":issue:`26848`: Fix asyncio/subprocess.communicate() to handle empty input. " +"Patch by Jack O'Connor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42664 ../NEWS:44668 +msgid ":issue:`27040`: Add loop.get_exception_handler method" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42666 ../NEWS:44670 +msgid ":issue:`27041`: asyncio: Add loop.create_future method" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42671 ../NEWS:44718 +msgid "" +":issue:`20640`: Add tests for idlelib.configHelpSourceEdit. Patch by " +"Saimadhav Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42674 ../NEWS:44721 +msgid "" +"In the 'IDLE-console differences' section of the IDLE doc, clarify how " +"running with IDLE affects sys.modules and the standard streams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42677 ../NEWS:44724 +msgid "" +":issue:`25507`: fix incorrect change in IOBinding that prevented printing. " +"Augment IOBinding htest to include all major IOBinding functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42680 ../NEWS:44727 +msgid "" +":issue:`25905`: Revert unwanted conversion of ' to ’ RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION " +"MARK in README.txt and open this and NEWS.txt with 'ascii'. Re-encode " +"CREDITS.txt to utf-8 and open it with 'utf-8'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42684 ../NEWS:45198 +msgid "" +":issue:`15348`: Stop the debugger engine (normally in a user process) before" +" closing the debugger window (running in the IDLE process). This prevents " +"the RuntimeErrors that were being caught and ignored." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42688 ../NEWS:45202 +msgid "" +":issue:`24455`: Prevent IDLE from hanging when a) closing the shell while " +"the debugger is active (15347); b) closing the debugger with the [X] button " +"(15348); and c) activating the debugger when already active (24455). The " +"patch by Mark Roseman does this by making two changes. 1. Suspend and resume" +" the gui.interaction method with the tcl vwait mechanism intended for this " +"purpose (instead of root.mainloop & .quit). 2. In gui.run, allow any " +"existing interaction to terminate first." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42696 ../NEWS:45210 +msgid "" +"Change 'The program' to 'Your program' in an IDLE 'kill program?' message to" +" make it clearer that the program referred to is the currently running user " +"program, not IDLE itself." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42700 ../NEWS:45214 +msgid "" +":issue:`24750`: Improve the appearance of the IDLE editor window status bar." +" Patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42703 ../NEWS:45217 +msgid "" +":issue:`25313`: Change the handling of new built-in text color themes to " +"better address the compatibility problem introduced by the addition of IDLE " +"Dark. Consistently use the revised idleConf.CurrentTheme everywhere in " +"idlelib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42707 ../NEWS:45221 +msgid "" +":issue:`24782`: Extension configuration is now a tab in the IDLE Preferences" +" dialog rather than a separate dialog. The former tabs are now a sorted " +"list. Patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42711 ../NEWS:45225 +msgid "" +":issue:`22726`: Re-activate the config dialog help button with some content " +"about the other buttons and the new IDLE Dark theme." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42714 ../NEWS:45228 +msgid "" +":issue:`24820`: IDLE now has an 'IDLE Dark' built-in text color theme. It is" +" more or less IDLE Classic inverted, with a cobalt blue background. Strings," +" comments, keywords, ... are still green, red, orange, ... . To use it with " +"IDLEs released before November 2015, hit the 'Save as New Custom Theme' " +"button and enter a new name, such as 'Custom Dark'. The custom theme will " +"work with any IDLE release, and can be modified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42721 ../NEWS:45235 +msgid "" +":issue:`25224`: README.txt is now an idlelib index for IDLE developers and " +"curious users. The previous user content is now in the IDLE doc chapter. " +"'IDLE' now means 'Integrated Development and Learning Environment'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42725 ../NEWS:45239 +msgid "" +":issue:`24820`: Users can now set breakpoint colors in Settings -> Custom " +"Highlighting. Original patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42728 ../NEWS:45242 +msgid "" +":issue:`24972`: Inactive selection background now matches active selection " +"background, as configured by users, on all systems. Found items are now " +"always highlighted on Windows. Initial patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42732 ../NEWS:45246 +msgid "" +":issue:`24570`: Idle: make calltip and completion boxes appear on Macs " +"affected by a tk regression. Initial patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42735 ../NEWS:45249 +msgid "" +":issue:`24988`: Idle ScrolledList context menus (used in debugger) now work " +"on Mac Aqua. Patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42738 ../NEWS:45252 +msgid "" +":issue:`24801`: Make right-click for context menu work on Mac Aqua. Patch by" +" Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42741 ../NEWS:45255 +msgid "" +":issue:`25173`: Associate tkinter messageboxes with a specific widget. For " +"Mac OSX, make them a 'sheet'. Patch by Mark Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42744 ../NEWS:45258 +msgid "" +":issue:`25198`: Enhance the initial html viewer now used for Idle Help. " +"Properly indent fixed-pitch text (patch by Mark Roseman). Give code snippet " +"a very Sphinx-like light blueish-gray background. Re-use initial width and " +"height set by users for shell and editor. When the Table of Contents (TOC) " +"menu is used, put the section header at the top of the screen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42751 ../NEWS:45265 +msgid ":issue:`25225`: Condense and rewrite Idle doc section on text colors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42753 ../NEWS:45267 +msgid "" +":issue:`21995`: Explain some differences between IDLE and console Python." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42755 ../NEWS:45269 +msgid "" +":issue:`22820`: Explain need for *print* when running file from Idle editor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42757 ../NEWS:45271 +msgid "" +":issue:`25224`: Doc: augment Idle feature list and no-subprocess section." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42759 ../NEWS:45273 +msgid "" +":issue:`25219`: Update doc for Idle command line options. Some were missing " +"and notes were not correct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42762 ../NEWS:45276 +msgid "" +":issue:`24861`: Most of idlelib is private and subject to change. Use " +"idleib.idle.* to start Idle. See idlelib.__init__.__doc__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42765 ../NEWS:45279 +msgid "" +":issue:`25199`: Idle: add synchronization comments for future maintainers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42767 +msgid "" +":issue:`16893`: Replace help.txt with help.html for Idle doc display. The " +"new idlelib/help.html is rstripped Doc/build/html/library/idle.html. It " +"looks better than help.txt and will better document Idle as released. The " +"tkinter html viewer that works for this file was written by Rose Roseman. " +"The now unused EditorWindow.HelpDialog class and helt.txt file are " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42774 ../NEWS:45288 +msgid "" +":issue:`24199`: Deprecate unused idlelib.idlever with possible removal in " +"3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42776 ../NEWS:45290 +msgid "" +":issue:`24790`: Remove extraneous code (which also create 2 & 3 conflicts)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42781 ../NEWS:44739 +msgid "" +":issue:`26736`: Used HTTPS for external links in the documentation if " +"possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42783 ../NEWS:44741 +msgid "" +":issue:`6953`: Rework the Readline module documentation to group related " +"functions together, and add more details such as what underlying Readline " +"functions and variables are accessed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42787 ../NEWS:44745 +msgid "" +":issue:`23606`: Adds note to ctypes documentation regarding cdll.msvcrt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42789 ../NEWS:45305 +msgid "" +":issue:`24952`: Clarify the default size argument of stack_size() in the " +"\"threading\" and \"_thread\" modules. Patch from Mattip." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42792 ../NEWS:44750 +msgid "" +":issue:`26014`: Update 3.x packaging documentation: * \"See also\" links to " +"the new docs are now provided in the legacy pages * links to setuptools " +"documentation have been updated" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42799 ../NEWS:44757 +msgid "" +":issue:`21916`: Added tests for the turtle module. Patch by ingrid, Gregory" +" Loyse and Jelle Zijlstra." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42802 +msgid "" +":issue:`26295`: When using \"python3 -m test --testdir=TESTDIR\", regrtest " +"doesn't add \"test.\" prefix to test module names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42805 ../NEWS:44760 +msgid "" +":issue:`26523`: The multiprocessing thread pool (multiprocessing.dummy.Pool)" +" was untested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42808 ../NEWS:44763 +msgid "" +":issue:`26015`: Added new tests for pickling iterators of mutable sequences." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42810 ../NEWS:44765 +msgid "" +":issue:`26325`: Added test.support.check_no_resource_warning() to check that" +" no ResourceWarning is emitted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42813 +msgid "" +":issue:`25940`: Changed test_ssl to use its internal local server more. " +"This avoids relying on svn.python.org, which recently changed root " +"certificate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42816 ../NEWS:44771 +msgid "" +":issue:`25616`: Tests for OrderedDict are extracted from test_collections " +"into separate file test_ordered_dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42819 ../NEWS:45319 +msgid ":issue:`25449`: Added tests for OrderedDict subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42821 +msgid "" +":issue:`25188`: Add -P/--pgo to test.regrtest to suppress error output when " +"running the test suite for the purposes of a PGO build. Initial patch by " +"Alecsandru Patrascu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42825 +msgid "" +":issue:`22806`: Add ``python -m test --list-tests`` command to list tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42827 +msgid "" +":issue:`18174`: ``python -m test --huntrleaks ...`` now also checks for leak" +" of file descriptors. Patch written by Richard Oudkerk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42830 +msgid "" +":issue:`25260`: Fix ``python -m test --coverage`` on Windows. Remove the " +"list of ignored directories." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42833 ../NEWS:45326 +msgid "" +"``PCbuild\\rt.bat`` now accepts an unlimited number of arguments to pass " +"along to regrtest.py. Previously there was a limit of 9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42836 ../NEWS:44774 +msgid "" +":issue:`26583`: Skip test_timestamp_overflow in test_import if bytecode " +"files cannot be written." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42842 +msgid "" +":issue:`21277`: Don't try to link _ctypes with a ffi_convenience library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42844 ../NEWS:44780 +msgid "" +":issue:`26884`: Fix linking extension modules for cross builds. Patch by " +"Xavier de Gaye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42847 +msgid "" +":issue:`26932`: Fixed support of RTLD_* constants defined as enum values, " +"not via macros (in particular on Android). Patch by Chi Hsuan Yen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42850 ../NEWS:44783 +msgid "" +":issue:`22359`: Disable the rules for running _freeze_importlib and pgen " +"when cross-compiling. The output of these programs is normally saved with " +"the source code anyway, and is still regenerated when doing a native build. " +"Patch by Xavier de Gaye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42855 +msgid "" +":issue:`21668`: Link audioop, _datetime, _ctypes_test modules to libm, " +"except on Mac OS X. Patch written by Chi Hsuan Yen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42858 ../NEWS:44794 +msgid "" +":issue:`25702`: A --with-lto configure option has been added that will " +"enable link time optimizations at build time during a make profile-opt. Some" +" compilers and toolchains are known to not produce stable code when using " +"LTO, be sure to test things thoroughly before relying on it. It can provide " +"a few % speed up over profile-opt alone." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42864 ../NEWS:44800 +msgid "" +":issue:`26624`: Adds validation of ucrtbase[d].dll version with warning for " +"old versions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42867 ../NEWS:44803 +msgid "" +":issue:`17603`: Avoid error about nonexistent fileblocks.o file by using a " +"lower-level check for st_blocks in struct stat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42870 ../NEWS:44806 +msgid "" +":issue:`26079`: Fixing the build output folder for tix-8.4.3.6. Patch by " +"Bjoern Thiel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42873 ../NEWS:44809 +msgid ":issue:`26465`: Update Windows builds to use OpenSSL 1.0.2g." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42875 +msgid "" +":issue:`25348`: Added ``--pgo`` and ``--pgo-job`` arguments to " +"``PCbuild\\build.bat`` for building with Profile-Guided Optimization. The " +"old ``PCbuild\\build_pgo.bat`` script is removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42879 ../NEWS:44820 +msgid "" +":issue:`25827`: Add support for building with ICC to ``configure``, " +"including a new ``--with-icc`` flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42882 ../NEWS:44823 +msgid ":issue:`25696`: Fix installation of Python on UNIX with make -j9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42884 ../NEWS:45337 +msgid "" +":issue:`24986`: It is now possible to build Python on Windows without errors" +" when external libraries are not available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42887 ../NEWS:44811 +msgid "" +":issue:`24421`: Compile Modules/_math.c once, before building extensions. " +"Previously it could fail to compile properly if the math and cmath builds " +"were concurrent." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42891 +msgid "" +":issue:`26465`: Update OS X 10.5+ 32-bit-only installer to build and link " +"with OpenSSL 1.0.2g." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42894 ../NEWS:44828 +msgid ":issue:`26268`: Update Windows builds to use OpenSSL 1.0.2f." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42896 ../NEWS:44830 +msgid "" +":issue:`25136`: Support Apple Xcode 7's new textual SDK stub libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42898 ../NEWS:44832 +msgid "" +":issue:`24324`: Do not enable unreachable code warnings when using gcc as " +"the option does not work correctly in older versions of gcc and has been " +"silently removed as of gcc-4.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42905 ../NEWS:44839 +msgid "" +":issue:`27053`: Updates make_zip.py to correctly generate library ZIP file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42907 ../NEWS:44841 +msgid "" +":issue:`26268`: Update the prepare_ssl.py script to handle OpenSSL releases " +"that don't include the contents of the include directory (that is, 1.0.2e " +"and later)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42911 ../NEWS:44845 +msgid "" +":issue:`26071`: bdist_wininst created binaries fail to start and find 32bit " +"Python" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42914 ../NEWS:44848 +msgid ":issue:`26073`: Update the list of magic numbers in launcher" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42916 ../NEWS:44850 +msgid "" +":issue:`26065`: Excludes venv from library when generating embeddable " +"distro." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42918 ../NEWS:45376 +msgid ":issue:`25022`: Removed very outdated PC/example_nt/ directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42923 ../NEWS:44858 +msgid "" +":issue:`26799`: Fix python-gdb.py: don't get C types once when the Python " +"code is loaded, but get C types on demand. The C types can change if python-" +"gdb.py is loaded before the Python executable. Patch written by Thomas " +"Ilsche." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42928 ../NEWS:44863 +msgid "" +":issue:`26271`: Fix the Freeze tool to properly use flags passed through " +"configure. Patch by Daniel Shaulov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42931 ../NEWS:44866 +msgid "" +":issue:`26489`: Add dictionary unpacking support to Tools/parser/unparse.py." +" Patch by Guo Ci Teo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42934 ../NEWS:44869 +msgid ":issue:`26316`: Fix variable name typo in Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42936 ../NEWS:45381 +msgid ":issue:`25440`: Fix output of python-config --extension-suffix." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42938 +msgid "" +":issue:`25154`: The pyvenv script has been deprecated in favour of ``python3" +" -m venv``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42944 +msgid "" +":issue:`26312`: SystemError is now raised in all programming bugs with using" +" PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(). RuntimeError did raised before in some " +"programming bugs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42948 +msgid "" +":issue:`26198`: ValueError is now raised instead of TypeError on buffer " +"overflow in parsing \"es#\" and \"et#\" format units. SystemError is now " +"raised instead of TypeError on programmatical error in parsing format " +"string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42955 +msgid "Python 3.5.5 final" +msgstr "Python 3.5.5 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:42957 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-02-04*" +msgstr "*发布日期e: 2018-02-04*" + +#: ../NEWS:42959 +msgid "There were no new changes in version 3.5.5." +msgstr "在 3.5.5 版本中没有新的更改。" + +#: ../NEWS:42964 +msgid "Python 3.5.5 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.5 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:42966 +msgid "*Release date: 2018-01-23*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2018-01-23*" + +#: ../NEWS:42971 +msgid "" +":issue:`32551`: The ``sys.path[0]`` initialization change for :issue:`29139`" +" caused a regression by revealing an inconsistency in how sys.path is " +"initialized when executing ``__main__`` from a zipfile, directory, or other " +"import location. This is considered a potential security issue, as it may " +"lead to privileged processes unexpectedly loading code from user controlled " +"directories in situations where that was not previously the case. The " +"interpreter now consistently avoids ever adding the import location's parent" +" directory to ``sys.path``, and ensures no other ``sys.path`` entries are " +"inadvertently modified when inserting the import location named on the " +"command line. (Originally reported as :issue:`29723` against Python 3.6rc1, " +"but it was missed at the time that the then upcoming Python 3.5.4 release " +"would also be affected)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:42984 +msgid "" +":issue:`30657`: Fixed possible integer overflow in PyBytes_DecodeEscape, " +":cve:`2017-1000158`. Original patch by Jay Bosamiya; rebased to Python 3 by " +"Miro Hrončok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43011 +msgid "Python 3.5.4 final" +msgstr "Python 3.5.4 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:43013 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-08-07*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-08-07*" + +#: ../NEWS:43023 +msgid "Python 3.5.4 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.4 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:43025 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-07-23*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-07-23*" + +#: ../NEWS:43077 +msgid "" +":issue:`29537`: Restore runtime compatibility with bytecode files generated " +"by CPython 3.5.0 to 3.5.2, and adjust the eval loop to avoid the problems " +"that could be caused by the malformed variant of the " +"BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL opcode that they may contain. Patch by Petr " +"Viktorin, Serhiy Storchaka, and Nick Coghlan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43359 +msgid "" +":issue:`30822`: Fix regrtest command line parser to allow passing -u " +"extralargefile to run test_zipfile64." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43362 +msgid "" +":issue:`30383`: regrtest: Enhance regrtest and backport features from the " +"master branch. Add options: --coverage, --testdir, --list-tests (list test " +"files, don't run them), --list-cases (list test identifiers, don't run them," +" :issue:`30523`), --matchfile (load a list of test filters from a text file," +" :issue:`30540`), --slowest (alias to --slow). Enhance output: add " +"timestamp, test result, currently running tests, \"Tests result: xxx\" " +"summary with total duration, etc. Fix reference leak hunting in regrtest, " +"--huntrleaks: regrtest now warms up caches, create explicitly all internal " +"singletons which are created on demand to prevent false positives when " +"checking for reference leaks. (:issue:`30675`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43419 +msgid "" +":issue:`27867`: Function PySlice_GetIndicesEx() is replaced with a macro if " +"Py_LIMITED_API is set to the value between 0x03050400 and 0x03060000 (not " +"including) or 0x03060100 or higher." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43431 +msgid "Python 3.5.3 final" +msgstr "Python 3.5.3 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:43433 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-01-17*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-01-17*" + +#: ../NEWS:43435 +msgid "There were no code changes between 3.5.3rc1 and 3.5.3 final." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43440 +msgid "Python 3.5.3 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.3 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:43442 +msgid "*Release date: 2017-01-02*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2017-01-02*" + +#: ../NEWS:43456 +msgid "" +":issue:`29073`: bytearray formatting no longer truncates on first null byte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43460 +msgid "" +":issue:`28147`: Fix a memory leak in split-table dictionaries: setattr() " +"must not convert combined table into split table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43472 +msgid "" +":issue:`28991`: functools.lru_cache() was susceptible to an obscure " +"reentrancy bug caused by a monkey-patched len() function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43515 +msgid "" +":issue:`28203`: Fix incorrect type in error message from ``complex(1.0, " +"{2:3})``. Patch by Soumya Sharma." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43530 +msgid "" +":issue:`28189`: dictitems_contains no longer swallows compare errors. (Patch" +" by Xiang Zhang)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43542 +msgid "" +":issue:`26020`: set literal evaluation order did not match documented " +"behaviour." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43561 +msgid "" +":issue:`27419`: Standard __import__() no longer look up \"__import__\" in " +"globals or builtins for importing submodules or \"from import\". Fixed " +"handling an error of non-string package name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43613 +msgid "" +":issue:`20191`: Fixed a crash in resource.prlimit() when pass a sequence " +"that doesn't own its elements as limits." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43664 +msgid "" +":issue:`28488`: shutil.make_archive() no longer add entry \"./\" to ZIP " +"archive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43702 +msgid "" +":issue:`27611`: Fixed support of default root window in the tkinter.tix " +"module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43728 +msgid "" +":issue:`19003`: m email.generator now replaces only ``\\r`` and/or ``\\n`` " +"line endings, per the RFC, instead of all unicode line endings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43800 +msgid "" +"A new version of typing.py from https://github.com/python/typing: Collection" +" (only for 3.6) (:issue:`27598`). Add FrozenSet to __all__ (upstream #261). " +"Fix crash in _get_type_vars() (upstream #259). Remove the dict constraint in" +" ForwardRef._eval_type (upstream #252)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43816 +msgid "" +":issue:`26750`: unittest.mock.create_autospec() now works properly for " +"subclasses of property() and other data descriptors." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43860 +msgid ":issue:`26664`: Fix activate.fish by removing mis-use of ``$``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43862 +msgid "" +":issue:`22115`: Fixed tracing Tkinter variables: trace_vdelete() with wrong " +"mode no longer break tracing, trace_vinfo() now always returns a list of " +"pairs of strings, tracing in the \"u\" mode now works." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43866 +msgid "" +"Fix a scoping issue in importlib.util.LazyLoader which triggered an " +"UnboundLocalError when lazy-loading a module that was already put into " +"sys.modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43948 +msgid ":issue:`28600`: Optimize loop.call_soon()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43962 +msgid "" +":issue:`24142`: Reading a corrupt config file left the parser in an invalid " +"state. Original patch by Florian Höch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:43965 +msgid "" +":issue:`28990`: Fix SSL hanging if connection is closed before handshake " +"completed. (Patch by HoHo-Ho)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44001 +msgid "" +":issue:`26754`: PyUnicode_FSDecoder() accepted a filename argument encoded " +"as an iterable of integers. Now only strings and bytes-like objects are " +"accepted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44013 +msgid "" +":issue:`28950`: Disallow -j0 to be combined with -T/-l/-M in regrtest " +"command line arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44054 +msgid "" +":issue:`27309`: Enabled proper Windows styles in python[w].exe manifest." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44087 +msgid "" +":issue:`27983`: Cause lack of llvm-profdata tool when using clang as " +"required for PGO linking to be a configure time error rather than make time " +"when --with-optimizations is enabled. Also improve our ability to find the " +"llvm-profdata tool on MacOS and some Linuxes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44094 +msgid ":issue:`26359`: Add the --with-optimizations configure flag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44099 +msgid "" +":issue:`25825`: Correct the references to Modules/python.exp and ld_so_aix, " +"which are required on AIX. This updates references to an installation path " +"that was changed in 3.2a4, and undoes changed references to the build tree " +"that were made in 3.5.0a1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44122 +msgid "Python 3.5.2 final" +msgstr "Python 3.5.2 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:44124 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-06-26*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-06-26*" + +#: ../NEWS:44134 +msgid "" +":issue:`26867`: Ubuntu's openssl OP_NO_SSLv3 is forced on by default; fix " +"test." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44139 +msgid "" +":issue:`27365`: Allow non-ascii in idlelib/NEWS.txt - minimal part for " +"3.5.2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44143 +msgid "Python 3.5.2 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.2 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:44145 +msgid "*Release date: 2016-06-12*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2016-06-12*" + +#: ../NEWS:44183 +msgid "" +":issue:`27039`: Fixed bytearray.remove() for values greater than 127. Patch" +" by Joe Jevnik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44238 +msgid "" +":issue:`26194`: Deque.insert() gave odd results for bounded deques that had " +"reached their maximum size. Now an IndexError will be raised when " +"attempting to insert into a full deque." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44242 +msgid "" +":issue:`25843`: When compiling code, don't merge constants if they are equal" +" but have a different types. For example, ``f1, f2 = lambda: 1, lambda: " +"1.0`` is now correctly compiled to two different functions: ``f1()`` returns" +" ``1`` (``int``) and ``f2()`` returns ``1.0`` (``int``), even if ``1`` and " +"``1.0`` are equal." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44461 +msgid "" +":issue:`21925`: :func:`warnings.formatwarning` now catches exceptions on " +"``linecache.getline(...)`` to be able to log :exc:`ResourceWarning` emitted " +"late during the Python shutdown process." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44494 +msgid "" +":issue:`15068`: Got rid of excessive buffering in the fileinput module. The " +"bufsize parameter is no longer used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44523 +msgid "" +":issue:`26367`: importlib.__import__() raises SystemError like " +"builtins.__import__() when ``level`` is specified but without an " +"accompanying package specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44573 +msgid ":issue:`17633`: Improve zipimport's support for namespace packages." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44672 +msgid "" +":issue:`27223`: asyncio: Fix _read_ready and _write_ready to respect " +"_conn_lost. Patch by Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44675 +msgid "" +":issue:`22970`: asyncio: Fix inconsistency cancelling Condition.wait. Patch " +"by David Coles." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44711 +msgid "" +":issue:`21703`: Add test for IDLE's undo delegator. Original patch by " +"Saimadhav Heblikar ." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44747 +msgid "" +":issue:`25500`: Fix documentation to not claim that __import__ is searched " +"for in the global scope." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44768 +msgid "" +":issue:`25940`: Changed test_ssl to use self-signed.pythontest.net. This " +"avoids relying on svn.python.org, which recently changed root certificate." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44791 +msgid "" +":issue:`21668`: Link audioop, _datetime, _ctypes_test modules to libm, " +"except on Mac OS X. Patch written by Xavier de Gaye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44815 +msgid "" +":issue:`25348`: Added ``--pgo`` and ``--pgo-job`` arguments to " +"``PCbuild\\build.bat`` for building with Profile-Guided Optimization. The " +"old ``PCbuild\\build_pgo.bat`` script is now deprecated, and simply calls " +"``PCbuild\\build.bat --pgo %*``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44873 +msgid "Python 3.5.1 final" +msgstr "Python 3.5.1 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:44875 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-12-06*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-12-06*" + +#: ../NEWS:44886 +msgid "" +":issue:`25715`: Python 3.5.1 installer shows wrong upgrade path and " +"incorrect logic for launcher detection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44891 +msgid "Python 3.5.1 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.1 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:44893 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-11-22*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-11-22*" + +#: ../NEWS:44952 +msgid "" +":issue:`25182`: The stdprinter (used as sys.stderr before the io module is " +"imported at startup) now uses the backslashreplace error handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44955 +msgid "" +":issue:`25131`: Make the line number and column offset of set/dict literals " +"and comprehensions correspond to the opening brace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44958 +msgid "" +":issue:`25150`: Hide the private :samp:`_Py_atomic_{xxx}` symbols from the " +"public Python.h header to fix a compilation error with OpenMP. " +"PyThreadState_GET() becomes an alias to PyThreadState_Get() to avoid ABI " +"incompatibilities." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:44982 +msgid "" +":issue:`25590`: In the Readline completer, only call getattr() once per " +"attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45060 +msgid "" +":issue:`24483`: C implementation of functools.lru_cache() now calculates " +"key's hash only once." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45063 +msgid "" +":issue:`22958`: Constructor and update method of weakref.WeakValueDictionary" +" now accept the self and the dict keyword arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45066 +msgid "" +":issue:`22609`: Constructor of collections.UserDict now accepts the self " +"keyword argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45069 +msgid ":issue:`25111`: Fixed comparison of traceback.FrameSummary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45071 +msgid "" +":issue:`25262`: Added support for BINBYTES8 opcode in Python implementation " +"of unpickler. Highest 32 bits of 64-bit size for BINUNICODE8 and BINBYTES8 " +"opcodes no longer silently ignored on 32-bit platforms in C implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45076 +msgid "" +":issue:`25034`: Fix string.Formatter problem with auto-numbering and nested " +"format_specs. Patch by Anthon van der Neut." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45079 +msgid "" +":issue:`25233`: Rewrite the guts of asyncio.Queue and asyncio.Semaphore to " +"be more understandable and correct." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45088 +msgid "" +":issue:`23329`: Allow the ssl module to be built with older versions of " +"LibreSSL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45091 +msgid "Prevent overflow in _Unpickler_Read." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45093 +msgid "" +":issue:`25047`: The XML encoding declaration written by Element Tree now " +"respects the letter case given by the user. This restores the ability to " +"write encoding names in uppercase like \"UTF-8\", which worked in Python 2." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45097 +msgid "" +":issue:`25135`: Make deque_clear() safer by emptying the deque before " +"clearing. This helps avoid possible reentrancy issues." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45100 +msgid "" +":issue:`19143`: platform module now reads Windows version from kernel32.dll " +"to avoid compatibility shims." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45103 +msgid "" +":issue:`25092`: Fix datetime.strftime() failure when errno was already set " +"to EINVAL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45106 +msgid "" +":issue:`23517`: Fix rounding in fromtimestamp() and utcfromtimestamp() " +"methods of datetime.datetime: microseconds are now rounded to nearest with " +"ties going to nearest even integer (ROUND_HALF_EVEN), instead of being " +"rounding towards minus infinity (ROUND_FLOOR). It's important that these " +"methods use the same rounding mode than datetime.timedelta to keep the " +"property: (datetime(1970,1,1) + timedelta(seconds=t)) == " +"datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t). It also the rounding mode used by round(float)" +" for example." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45115 +msgid "" +":issue:`25155`: Fix datetime.datetime.now() and datetime.datetime.utcnow() " +"on Windows to support date after year 2038. It was a regression introduced " +"in Python 3.5.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45119 +msgid "" +":issue:`25108`: Omitted internal frames in traceback functions " +"print_stack(), format_stack(), and extract_stack() called without arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45122 +msgid "" +":issue:`25118`: Fix a regression of Python 3.5.0 in os.waitpid() on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45124 +msgid "" +":issue:`24684`: socket.socket.getaddrinfo() now calls " +"PyUnicode_AsEncodedString() instead of calling the encode() method of the " +"host, to handle correctly custom string with an encode() method which " +"doesn't return a byte string. The encoder of the IDNA codec is now called " +"directly instead of calling the encode() method of the string." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45130 +msgid ":issue:`25060`: Correctly compute stack usage of the BUILD_MAP opcode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45132 +msgid "" +":issue:`24857`: Comparing call_args to a long sequence now correctly returns" +" a boolean result instead of raising an exception. Patch by A Kaptur." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45135 +msgid "" +":issue:`23144`: Make sure that HTMLParser.feed() returns all the data, even " +"when convert_charrefs is True." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45138 +msgid "" +":issue:`24982`: shutil.make_archive() with the \"zip\" format now adds " +"entries for directories (including empty directories) in ZIP file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45141 +msgid "" +":issue:`25019`: Fixed a crash caused by setting non-string key of expat " +"parser. Based on patch by John Leitch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45144 +msgid "" +":issue:`16180`: Exit pdb if file has syntax error, instead of trapping user " +"in an infinite loop. Patch by Xavier de Gaye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45147 +msgid "" +":issue:`24891`: Fix a race condition at Python startup if the file " +"descriptor of stdin (0), stdout (1) or stderr (2) is closed while Python is " +"creating sys.stdin, sys.stdout and sys.stderr objects. These attributes are " +"now set to None if the creation of the object failed, instead of raising an " +"OSError exception. Initial patch written by Marco Paolini." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45153 +msgid "" +":issue:`24992`: Fix error handling and a race condition (related to garbage " +"collection) in collections.OrderedDict constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45156 +msgid "" +":issue:`24881`: Fixed setting binary mode in Python implementation of FileIO" +" on Windows and Cygwin. Patch from Akira Li." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45172 +msgid "" +":issue:`21112`: Fix regression in unittest.expectedFailure on subclasses. " +"Patch from Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45175 +msgid "" +":issue:`24764`: cgi.FieldStorage.read_multi() now ignores the Content-Length" +" header in part headers. Patch written by Peter Landry and reviewed by " +"Pierre Quentel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45179 ../NEWS:45444 +msgid "" +":issue:`24913`: Fix overrun error in deque.index(). Found by John Leitch and" +" Bryce Darling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45182 +msgid "" +":issue:`24774`: Fix docstring in http.server.test. Patch from Chiu-Hsiang " +"Hsu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45184 +msgid "" +":issue:`21159`: Improve message in " +"configparser.InterpolationMissingOptionError. Patch from Łukasz Langa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45187 +msgid "" +":issue:`20362`: Honour TestCase.longMessage correctly in assertRegex. Patch " +"from Ilia Kurenkov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45190 +msgid "" +":issue:`23572`: Fixed functools.singledispatch on classes with false " +"metaclasses. Patch by Ethan Furman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45193 +msgid "asyncio: ensure_future() now accepts awaitable objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45281 +msgid "" +":issue:`16893`: Replace help.txt with help.html for Idle doc display. The " +"new idlelib/help.html is rstripped Doc/build/html/library/idle.html. It " +"looks better than help.txt and will better document Idle as released. The " +"tkinter html viewer that works for this file was written by Mark Roseman. " +"The now unused EditorWindow.HelpDialog class and helt.txt file are " +"deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45298 +msgid "" +":issue:`12067`: Rewrite Comparisons section in the Expressions chapter of " +"the language reference. Some of the details of comparing mixed types were " +"incorrect or ambiguous. NotImplemented is only relevant at a lower level " +"than the Expressions chapter. Added details of comparing range() objects, " +"and default behaviour and consistency suggestions for user-defined classes. " +"Patch from Andy Maier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45308 +msgid "" +":issue:`23725`: Overhaul tempfile docs. Note deprecated status of mktemp. " +"Patch from Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45311 +msgid "" +":issue:`24808`: Update the types of some PyTypeObject fields. Patch by " +"Joseph Weston." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45314 +msgid "" +":issue:`22812`: Fix unittest discovery examples. Patch from Pam McA'Nulty." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45321 +msgid "" +":issue:`25099`: Make test_compileall not fail when an entry on sys.path " +"cannot be written to (commonly seen in administrative installs on Windows)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45324 +msgid ":issue:`23919`: Prevents assert dialogs appearing in the test suite." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45332 +msgid "" +":issue:`24915`: Add LLVM support for PGO builds and use the test suite to " +"generate the profile data. Initial patch by Alecsandru Patrascu of Intel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45335 +msgid ":issue:`24910`: Windows MSIs now have unique display names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45343 +msgid "" +":issue:`25450`: Updates shortcuts to start Python in installation directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45345 +msgid "" +":issue:`25164`: Changes default all-users install directory to match per-" +"user directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45348 +msgid "" +":issue:`25143`: Improves installer error messages for unsupported platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45350 +msgid "" +":issue:`25163`: Display correct directory in installer when using non-" +"default settings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45353 +msgid "" +":issue:`25361`: Disables use of SSE2 instructions in Windows 32-bit build" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45355 +msgid "" +":issue:`25089`: Adds logging to installer for case where launcher is not " +"selected on upgrade." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45358 +msgid "" +":issue:`25165`: Windows uninstallation should not remove launcher if other " +"versions remain" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45361 +msgid ":issue:`25112`: py.exe launcher is missing icons" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45363 +msgid ":issue:`25102`: Windows installer does not precompile for -O or -OO." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45365 +msgid "" +":issue:`25081`: Makes Back button in installer go back to upgrade page when " +"upgrading." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45368 +msgid ":issue:`25091`: Increases font size of the installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45370 +msgid "" +":issue:`25126`: Clarifies that the non-web installer will download some " +"components." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45373 +msgid "" +":issue:`25213`: Restores requestedExecutionLevel to manifest to disable UAC " +"virtualization." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45385 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 final" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 正式版" + +#: ../NEWS:45387 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-09-13*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-09-13*" + +#: ../NEWS:45392 +msgid "" +":issue:`25071`: Windows installer should not require TargetDir parameter " +"when installing quietly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45397 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 release candidate 4" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 rc4" + +#: ../NEWS:45399 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-09-09*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-09-09*" + +#: ../NEWS:45404 +msgid ":issue:`25029`: Fixes MemoryError in test_strptime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45409 +msgid "" +":issue:`25027`: Reverts partial-static build options and adds " +"vcruntime140.dll to Windows installation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45414 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 release candidate 3" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 rc3" + +#: ../NEWS:45416 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-09-07*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-09-07*" + +#: ../NEWS:45421 +msgid "" +":issue:`24305`: Prevent import subsystem stack frames from being counted by " +"the warnings.warn(stacklevel=) parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45424 +msgid "" +":issue:`24912`: Prevent __class__ assignment to immutable built-in objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45426 +msgid ":issue:`24975`: Fix AST compilation for :pep:`448` syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45431 +msgid ":issue:`24917`: time_strftime() buffer over-read." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45433 +msgid "" +":issue:`24748`: To resolve a compatibility problem found with py2exe and " +"pywin32, imp.load_dynamic() once again ignores previously loaded modules to " +"support Python modules replacing themselves with extension modules. Patch by" +" Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45438 +msgid "" +":issue:`24635`: Fixed a bug in typing.py where isinstance([], " +"typing.Iterable) would return True once, then False on subsequent calls." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45441 +msgid "" +":issue:`24989`: Fixed buffer overread in BytesIO.readline() if a position is" +" set beyond size. Based on patch by John Leitch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45449 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 release candidate 2" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 rc2" + +#: ../NEWS:45451 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-08-25*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-08-25*" + +#: ../NEWS:45456 +msgid "" +":issue:`24769`: Interpreter now starts properly when dynamic loading is " +"disabled. Patch by Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45459 +msgid "" +":issue:`21167`: NAN operations are now handled correctly when python is " +"compiled with ICC even if -fp-model strict is not specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45462 +msgid "" +":issue:`24492`: A \"package\" lacking a __name__ attribute when trying to " +"perform a ``from .. import ...`` statement will trigger an ImportError " +"instead of an AttributeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45469 +msgid ":issue:`24847`: Removes vcruntime140.dll dependency from Tcl/Tk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45471 +msgid ":issue:`24839`: platform._syscmd_ver raises DeprecationWarning" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45473 +msgid ":issue:`24867`: Fix Task.get_stack() for 'async def' coroutines" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45477 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 release candidate 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 rc1" + +#: ../NEWS:45479 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-08-09*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-08-09*" + +#: ../NEWS:45484 +msgid "" +":issue:`24667`: Resize odict in all cases that the underlying dict resizes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45489 +msgid "" +":issue:`24824`: Signatures of codecs.encode() and codecs.decode() now are " +"compatible with pydoc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45492 +msgid ":issue:`24634`: Importing uuid should not try to load libc on Windows" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45494 +msgid ":issue:`24798`: _msvccompiler.py doesn't properly support manifests" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45496 +msgid "" +":issue:`4395`: Better testing and documentation of binary operators. Patch " +"by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45499 +msgid ":issue:`23973`: Update typing.py from GitHub repo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45501 +msgid "" +":issue:`23004`: mock_open() now reads binary data correctly when the type of" +" read_data is bytes. Initial patch by Aaron Hill." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45504 +msgid ":issue:`23888`: Handle fractional time in cookie expiry. Patch by ssh." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45506 +msgid "" +":issue:`23652`: Make it possible to compile the select module against the " +"libc headers from the Linux Standard Base, which do not include some EPOLL " +"macros. Patch by Matt Frank." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45510 +msgid "" +":issue:`22932`: Fix timezones in email.utils.formatdate. Patch from Dmitry " +"Shachnev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45513 +msgid "" +":issue:`23779`: imaplib raises TypeError if authenticator tries to abort. " +"Patch from Craig Holmquist." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45516 +msgid "" +":issue:`23319`: Fix ctypes.BigEndianStructure, swap correctly bytes. Patch " +"written by Matthieu Gautier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45519 +msgid "" +":issue:`23254`: Document how to close the TCPServer listening socket. Patch " +"from Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45522 +msgid "" +":issue:`19450`: Update Windows and OS X installer builds to use SQLite " +"3.8.11." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45524 +msgid "" +":issue:`17527`: Add PATCH to wsgiref.validator. Patch from Luca Sbardella." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45526 +msgid ":issue:`24791`: Fix grammar regression for call syntax: 'g(\\*a or b)'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45531 +msgid "" +":issue:`23672`: Allow Idle to edit and run files with astral chars in name. " +"Patch by Mohd Sanad Zaki Rizvi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45534 +msgid "" +":issue:`24745`: Idle editor default font. Switch from Courier to platform-" +"sensitive TkFixedFont. This should not affect current customized font " +"selections. If there is a problem, edit $HOME/.idlerc/config-main.cfg and " +"remove ':samp:`font{xxx}`' entries from [Editor Window]. Patch by Mark " +"Roseman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45540 +msgid "" +":issue:`21192`: Idle editor. When a file is run, put its name in the restart" +" bar. Do not print false prompts. Original patch by Adnan Umer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45543 +msgid "" +":issue:`13884`: Idle menus. Remove tearoff lines. Patch by Roger Serwy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45548 +msgid "" +":issue:`24129`: Clarify the reference documentation for name resolution. " +"This includes removing the assumption that readers will be familiar with the" +" name resolution scheme Python used prior to the introduction of lexical " +"scoping for function namespaces. Patch by Ivan Levkivskyi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45553 +msgid ":issue:`20769`: Improve reload() docs. Patch by Dorian Pula." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45555 +msgid "" +":issue:`23589`: Remove duplicate sentence from the FAQ. Patch by Yongzhi " +"Pan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45557 +msgid "" +":issue:`24729`: Correct IO tutorial to match implementation regarding " +"encoding parameter to open function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45563 +msgid "" +":issue:`24751`: When running regrtest with the ``-w`` command line option, a" +" test run is no longer marked as a failure if all tests succeed when re-run." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45569 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 beta 4" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 beta 4" + +#: ../NEWS:45571 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-07-26*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-07-26*" + +#: ../NEWS:45576 +msgid "" +":issue:`23573`: Restored optimization of bytes.rfind() and bytearray.rfind()" +" for single-byte argument on Linux." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45579 +msgid ":issue:`24569`: Make :pep:`448` dictionary evaluation more consistent." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45581 +msgid ":issue:`24583`: Fix crash when set is mutated while being updated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45583 +msgid ":issue:`24407`: Fix crash when dict is mutated while being updated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45585 +msgid "" +":issue:`24619`: New approach for tokenizing async/await. As a consequence, " +"it is now possible to have one-line 'async def foo(): await ..' functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45588 +msgid "" +":issue:`24687`: Plug refleak on SyntaxError in function parameters " +"annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45590 +msgid "" +":issue:`15944`: memoryview: Allow arbitrary formats when casting to bytes. " +"Patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45596 +msgid "" +":issue:`23441`: rcompleter now prints a tab character instead of displaying " +"possible completions for an empty word. Initial patch by Martin Sekera." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45599 +msgid "" +":issue:`24683`: Fixed crashes in _json functions called with arguments of " +"inappropriate type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45602 +msgid "" +":issue:`21697`: shutil.copytree() now correctly handles symbolic links that " +"point to directories. Patch by Eduardo Seabra and Thomas Kluyver." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45605 +msgid "" +":issue:`14373`: Fixed segmentation fault when gc.collect() is called during " +"constructing lru_cache (C implementation)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45608 +msgid "" +":issue:`24695`: Fix a regression in traceback.print_exception(). If " +"exc_traceback is None we shouldn't print a traceback header like described " +"in the documentation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45612 +msgid "" +":issue:`24620`: Random.setstate() now validates the value of state last " +"element." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45615 +msgid "" +":issue:`22485`: Fixed an issue that caused ``inspect.getsource`` to return " +"incorrect results on nested functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45618 +msgid "" +":issue:`22153`: Improve unittest docs. Patch from Martin Panter and " +"evilzero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45620 +msgid "" +":issue:`24580`: Symbolic group references to open group in re patterns now " +"are explicitly forbidden as well as numeric group references." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45623 +msgid ":issue:`24206`: Fixed __eq__ and __ne__ methods of inspect classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45625 +msgid "" +":issue:`24631`: Fixed regression in the timeit module with multiline setup." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45633 +msgid ":issue:`24608`: chunk.Chunk.read() now always returns bytes, not str." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45635 +msgid ":issue:`18684`: Fixed reading out of the buffer in the re module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45637 +msgid "" +":issue:`24259`: tarfile now raises a ReadError if an archive is truncated " +"inside a data segment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45640 +msgid "" +":issue:`15014`: SMTP.auth() and SMTP.login() now support RFC 4954's optional" +" initial-response argument to the SMTP AUTH command." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45643 +msgid "" +":issue:`24669`: Fix inspect.getsource() for 'async def' functions. Patch by " +"Kai Groner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45646 +msgid ":issue:`24688`: ast.get_docstring() for 'async def' functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45651 +msgid "" +":issue:`24603`: Update Windows builds and OS X 10.5 installer to use OpenSSL" +" 1.0.2d." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45656 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 beta 3" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 beta 3" + +#: ../NEWS:45658 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-07-05*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-07-05*" + +#: ../NEWS:45663 +msgid "" +":issue:`24467`: Fixed possible buffer over-read in bytearray. The bytearray " +"object now always allocates place for trailing null byte and it's buffer now" +" is always null-terminated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45667 +msgid "Upgrade to Unicode 8.0.0." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45669 +msgid ":issue:`24345`: Add Py_tp_finalize slot for the stable ABI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45671 +msgid "" +":issue:`24400`: Introduce a distinct type for :pep:`492` coroutines; add " +"types.CoroutineType, inspect.getcoroutinestate, inspect.getcoroutinelocals; " +"coroutines no longer use CO_GENERATOR flag; sys.set_coroutine_wrapper works " +"only for 'async def' coroutines; inspect.iscoroutine no longer uses " +"collections.abc.Coroutine, it's intended to test for pure 'async def' " +"coroutines only; add new opcode: GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER; fix generators wrapper" +" used in types.coroutine to be instance of collections.abc.Generator; " +"collections.abc.Awaitable and collections.abc.Coroutine can no longer be " +"used to detect generator-based coroutines--use inspect.isawaitable instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45682 +msgid "" +":issue:`24450`: Add gi_yieldfrom to generators and cr_await to coroutines. " +"Contributed by Benno Leslie and Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45685 +msgid "" +":issue:`19235`: Add new RecursionError exception. Patch by Georg Brandl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45690 +msgid "" +":issue:`21750`: mock_open.read_data can now be read from each instance, as " +"it could in Python 3.3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45693 +msgid "" +":issue:`24552`: Fix use after free in an error case of the _pickle module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45695 +msgid "" +":issue:`24514`: tarfile now tolerates number fields consisting of only " +"whitespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45698 +msgid "" +":issue:`19176`: Fixed doctype() related bugs in C implementation of " +"ElementTree. A deprecation warning no longer issued by XMLParser subclass " +"with default doctype() method. Direct call of doctype() now issues a " +"warning. Parser's doctype() now is not called if target's doctype() is " +"called. Based on patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45704 +msgid "" +":issue:`20387`: Restore semantic round-trip correctness in " +"tokenize/untokenize for tab-indented blocks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45707 +msgid "" +":issue:`24456`: Fixed possible buffer over-read in adpcm2lin() and " +"lin2adpcm() functions of the audioop module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45710 +msgid "" +":issue:`24336`: The contextmanager decorator now works with functions with " +"keyword arguments called \"func\" and \"self\". Patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45713 +msgid "" +":issue:`24522`: Fix possible integer overflow in json accelerator module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45715 +msgid "" +":issue:`24489`: ensure a previously set C errno doesn't disturb " +"cmath.polar()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45717 +msgid "" +":issue:`24408`: Fixed AttributeError in measure() and metrics() methods of " +"tkinter.Font." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45720 +msgid "" +":issue:`14373`: C implementation of functools.lru_cache() now can be used " +"with methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45723 +msgid ":issue:`24347`: Set KeyError if PyDict_GetItemWithError returns NULL." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45725 +msgid ":issue:`24348`: Drop superfluous incref/decref." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45727 +msgid ":issue:`24359`: Check for changed OrderedDict size during iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45729 +msgid ":issue:`24368`: Support keyword arguments in OrderedDict methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45731 +msgid ":issue:`24362`: Simplify the C OrderedDict fast nodes resize logic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45733 +msgid ":issue:`24377`: Fix a ref leak in OrderedDict.__repr__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45735 +msgid ":issue:`24369`: Defend against key-changes during iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45740 +msgid "" +":issue:`24373`: _testmultiphase and xxlimited now use tp_traverse and " +"tp_finalize to avoid reference leaks encountered when combining tp_dealloc " +"with PyType_FromSpec (see :issue:`16690` for details)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45747 +msgid "" +":issue:`24458`: Update documentation to cover multi-phase initialization for" +" extension modules (PEP 489). Patch by Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45750 +msgid "" +":issue:`24351`: Clarify what is meant by \"identifier\" in the context of " +"string.Template instances." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45756 +msgid "" +":issue:`24432`: Update Windows builds and OS X 10.5 installer to use OpenSSL" +" 1.0.2c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45761 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 beta 2" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 beta 2" + +#: ../NEWS:45763 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-05-31*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-05-31*" + +#: ../NEWS:45768 +msgid "" +":issue:`24284`: The startswith and endswith methods of the str class no " +"longer return True when finding the empty string and the indexes are " +"completely out of range." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45772 +msgid "" +":issue:`24115`: Update uses of PyObject_IsTrue(), PyObject_Not(), " +"PyObject_IsInstance(), PyObject_RichCompareBool() and _PyDict_Contains() to " +"check for and handle errors correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45776 +msgid ":issue:`24328`: Fix importing one character extension modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45778 +msgid "" +":issue:`11205`: In dictionary displays, evaluate the key before the value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45780 +msgid "" +":issue:`24285`: Fixed regression that prevented importing extension modules " +"from inside packages. Patch by Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45786 +msgid ":issue:`23247`: Fix a crash in the StreamWriter.reset() of CJK codecs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45788 +msgid "" +":issue:`24270`: Add math.isclose() and cmath.isclose() functions as per " +":pep:`485`. Contributed by Chris Barker and Tal Einat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45791 +msgid "" +":issue:`5633`: Fixed timeit when the statement is a string and the setup is " +"not." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45794 +msgid "" +":issue:`24326`: Fixed audioop.ratecv() with non-default weightB argument. " +"Original patch by David Moore." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45797 +msgid ":issue:`16991`: Add a C implementation of OrderedDict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45799 +msgid "" +":issue:`23934`: Fix inspect.signature to fail correctly for builtin types " +"lacking signature information. Initial patch by James Powell." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45804 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 beta 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 beta 1" + +#: ../NEWS:45806 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-05-24*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-05-24*" + +#: ../NEWS:45811 +msgid ":issue:`24276`: Fixed optimization of property descriptor getter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45813 +msgid "" +":issue:`24268`: PEP 489: Multi-phase extension module initialization. Patch " +"by Petr Viktorin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45816 +msgid "" +":issue:`23955`: Add pyvenv.cfg option to suppress registry/environment " +"lookup for generating sys.path on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45819 +msgid "" +":issue:`24257`: Fixed system error in the comparison of faked " +"types.SimpleNamespace." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45822 +msgid "" +":issue:`22939`: Fixed integer overflow in iterator object. Patch by Clement" +" Rouault." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45825 +msgid "" +":issue:`23985`: Fix a possible buffer overrun when deleting a slice from the" +" front of a bytearray and then appending some other bytes data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45828 +msgid "" +":issue:`24102`: Fixed exception type checking in standard error handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45830 +msgid ":issue:`15027`: The UTF-32 encoder is now 3x to 7x faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45832 +msgid "" +":issue:`23290`: Optimize set_merge() for cases where the target is empty. " +"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45835 +msgid ":issue:`2292`: PEP 448: Additional Unpacking Generalizations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45837 +msgid "" +":issue:`24096`: Make warnings.warn_explicit more robust against mutation of " +"the warnings.filters list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45840 +msgid "" +":issue:`23996`: Avoid a crash when a delegated generator raises an " +"unnormalized StopIteration exception. Patch by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45843 +msgid "" +":issue:`23910`: Optimize property() getter calls. Patch by Joe Jevnik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45845 +msgid "" +":issue:`23911`: Move path-based importlib bootstrap code to a separate " +"frozen module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45848 +msgid ":issue:`24192`: Fix namespace package imports." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45850 +msgid "" +":issue:`24022`: Fix tokenizer crash when processing undecodable source code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45852 +msgid "" +":issue:`9951`: Added a hex() method to bytes, bytearray, and memoryview." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45854 +msgid "" +":issue:`22906`: PEP 479: Change StopIteration handling inside generators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45856 +msgid ":issue:`24017`: PEP 492: Coroutines with async and await syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45861 +msgid "" +":issue:`14373`: Added C implementation of functools.lru_cache(). Based on " +"patches by Matt Joiner and Alexey Kachayev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45864 +msgid "" +":issue:`24230`: The tempfile module now accepts bytes for prefix, suffix and" +" dir parameters and returns bytes in such situations (matching the os module" +" APIs)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45868 +msgid "" +":issue:`22189`: collections.UserString now supports __getnewargs__(), " +"__rmod__(), casefold(), format_map(), isprintable(), and maketrans(). Patch " +"by Joe Jevnik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45872 +msgid "" +":issue:`24244`: Prevents termination when an invalid format string is " +"encountered on Windows in strftime." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45875 +msgid ":issue:`23973`: PEP 484: Add the typing module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45877 +msgid "" +":issue:`23086`: The collections.abc.Sequence() abstract base class added " +"*start* and *stop* parameters to the index() mixin. Patch by Devin " +"Jeanpierre." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45881 +msgid "" +":issue:`20035`: Replaced the ``tkinter._fix`` module used for setting up the" +" Tcl/Tk environment on Windows with a private function in the ``_tkinter`` " +"module that makes no permanent changes to the environment." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45885 +msgid "" +":issue:`24257`: Fixed segmentation fault in sqlite3.Row constructor with " +"faked cursor type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45888 +msgid "" +":issue:`15836`: assertRaises(), assertRaisesRegex(), assertWarns() and " +"assertWarnsRegex() assertments now check the type of the first argument to " +"prevent possible user error. Based on patch by Daniel Wagner-Hall." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45892 +msgid "" +":issue:`9858`: Add missing method stubs to _io.RawIOBase. Patch by Laura " +"Rupprecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45895 +msgid "" +":issue:`22955`: attrgetter, itemgetter and methodcaller objects in the " +"operator module now support pickling. Added readable and evaluable repr for" +" these objects. Based on patch by Josh Rosenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45899 +msgid "" +":issue:`22107`: tempfile.gettempdir() and tempfile.mkdtemp() now try again " +"when a directory with the chosen name already exists on Windows as well as " +"on Unix. tempfile.mkstemp() now fails early if parent directory is not valid" +" (not exists or is a file) on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45904 +msgid "" +":issue:`23780`: Improved error message in os.path.join() with single " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45906 +msgid "" +":issue:`6598`: Increased time precision and random number range in " +"email.utils.make_msgid() to strengthen the uniqueness of the message ID." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45909 +msgid "" +":issue:`24091`: Fixed various crashes in corner cases in C implementation of" +" ElementTree." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45912 +msgid "" +":issue:`21931`: msilib.FCICreate() now raises TypeError in the case of a bad" +" argument instead of a ValueError with a bogus FCI error number. Patch by " +"Jeffrey Armstrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45916 +msgid ":issue:`13866`: *quote_via* argument added to urllib.parse.urlencode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45918 +msgid "" +":issue:`20098`: New mangle_from policy option for email, default True for " +"compat32, but False for all other policies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45921 +msgid "" +":issue:`24211`: The email library now supports RFC 6532: it can generate " +"headers using utf-8 instead of encoded words." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45924 +msgid ":issue:`16314`: Added support for the LZMA compression in distutils." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45926 +msgid ":issue:`21804`: poplib now supports RFC 6856 (UTF8)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45928 +msgid ":issue:`18682`: Optimized pprint functions for builtin scalar types." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45930 +msgid ":issue:`22027`: smtplib now supports RFC 6531 (SMTPUTF8)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45932 +msgid "" +":issue:`23488`: Random generator objects now consume 2x less memory on " +"64-bit." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45934 +msgid "" +":issue:`1322`: platform.dist() and platform.linux_distribution() functions " +"are now deprecated. Initial patch by Vajrasky Kok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45937 +msgid "" +":issue:`22486`: Added the math.gcd() function. The fractions.gcd() function" +" now is deprecated. Based on patch by Mark Dickinson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45940 +msgid "" +":issue:`24064`: Property() docstrings are now writeable. (Patch by Berker " +"Peksag.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45943 +msgid ":issue:`22681`: Added support for the koi8_t encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45945 +msgid ":issue:`22682`: Added support for the kz1048 encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45947 +msgid "" +":issue:`23796`: peek and read1 methods of BufferedReader now raise " +"ValueError if they called on a closed object. Patch by John Hergenroeder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45950 +msgid "" +":issue:`21795`: smtpd now supports the 8BITMIME extension whenever the new " +"*decode_data* constructor argument is set to False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45953 +msgid "" +":issue:`24155`: optimize heapq.heapify() for better cache performance when " +"heapifying large lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45956 +msgid "" +":issue:`21800`: imaplib now supports RFC 5161 (enable), RFC 6855 " +"(utf8/internationalized email) and automatically encodes non-ASCII usernames" +" and passwords to UTF8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45960 +msgid "" +":issue:`20274`: When calling a _sqlite.Connection, it now complains if " +"passed any keyword arguments. Previously it silently ignored them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45963 +msgid "" +":issue:`20274`: Remove ignored and erroneous \"kwargs\" parameters from " +"three METH_VARARGS methods on _sqlite.Connection." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45966 +msgid "" +":issue:`24134`: assertRaises(), assertRaisesRegex(), assertWarns() and " +"assertWarnsRegex() checks now emits a deprecation warning when callable is " +"None or keyword arguments except msg is passed in the context manager mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45971 +msgid "" +":issue:`24018`: Add a collections.abc.Generator abstract base class. " +"Contributed by Stefan Behnel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45974 +msgid "" +":issue:`23880`: Tkinter's getint() and getdouble() now support Tcl_Obj. " +"Tkinter's getdouble() now supports any numbers (in particular int)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45977 +msgid "" +":issue:`22619`: Added negative limit support in the traceback module. Based " +"on patch by Dmitry Kazakov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45980 +msgid "" +":issue:`24094`: Fix possible crash in json.encode with poorly behaved dict " +"subclasses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45983 +msgid "" +":issue:`9246`: On POSIX, os.getcwd() now supports paths longer than 1025 " +"bytes. Patch written by William Orr." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45986 +msgid "" +":issue:`17445`: add difflib.diff_bytes() to support comparison of byte " +"strings (fixes a regression from Python 2)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45989 +msgid "" +":issue:`23917`: Fall back to sequential compilation when ProcessPoolExecutor" +" doesn't exist. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45992 +msgid "" +":issue:`23008`: Fixed resolving attributes with boolean value is False in " +"pydoc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45995 +msgid "" +"Fix asyncio issue 235: LifoQueue and PriorityQueue's put didn't increment " +"unfinished tasks (this bug was introduced when JoinableQueue was merged with" +" Queue)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:45999 +msgid "" +":issue:`23908`: os functions now reject paths with embedded null character " +"on Windows instead of silently truncating them." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46002 +msgid "" +":issue:`23728`: binascii.crc_hqx() could return an integer outside of the " +"range 0-0xffff for empty data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46005 +msgid "" +":issue:`23887`: urllib.error.HTTPError now has a proper repr() " +"representation. Patch by Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46008 +msgid "" +"asyncio: New event loop APIs: set_task_factory() and get_task_factory()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46010 +msgid "asyncio: async() function is deprecated in favour of ensure_future()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46012 +msgid "" +":issue:`24178`: asyncio.Lock, Condition, Semaphore, and BoundedSemaphore " +"support new 'async with' syntax. Contributed by Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46015 +msgid "" +":issue:`24179`: Support 'async for' for asyncio.StreamReader. Contributed by" +" Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46018 +msgid "" +":issue:`24184`: Add AsyncIterator and AsyncIterable ABCs to collections.abc." +" Contributed by Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46021 +msgid "" +":issue:`22547`: Implement informative __repr__ for inspect.BoundArguments. " +"Contributed by Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46024 +msgid "" +":issue:`24190`: Implement inspect.BoundArgument.apply_defaults() method. " +"Contributed by Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46027 +msgid "" +":issue:`20691`: Add 'follow_wrapped' argument to " +"inspect.Signature.from_callable() and inspect.signature(). Contributed by " +"Yury Selivanov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46031 +msgid "" +":issue:`24248`: Deprecate inspect.Signature.from_function() and " +"inspect.Signature.from_builtin()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46034 +msgid "" +":issue:`23898`: Fix inspect.classify_class_attrs() to support attributes " +"with overloaded __eq__ and __bool__. Patch by Mike Bayer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46037 +msgid "" +":issue:`24298`: Fix inspect.signature() to correctly unwrap wrappers around " +"bound methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46043 +msgid "" +":issue:`23184`: remove unused names and imports in idlelib. Initial patch by" +" Al Sweigart." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46049 +msgid "" +":issue:`21520`: test_zipfile no longer fails if the word 'bad' appears " +"anywhere in the name of the current directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46052 +msgid "" +":issue:`9517`: Move script_helper into the support package. Patch by " +"Christie Wilson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46058 +msgid "" +":issue:`22155`: Add File Handlers subsection with createfilehandler to " +"tkinter doc. Remove obsolete example from FAQ. Patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46061 +msgid "" +":issue:`24029`: Document the name binding behavior for submodule imports." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46063 +msgid ":issue:`24077`: Fix typo in man page for -I command option: -s, not -S" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46068 +msgid "" +":issue:`24000`: Improved Argument Clinic's mapping of converters to legacy " +"\"format units\". Updated the documentation to match." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46071 +msgid "" +":issue:`24001`: Argument Clinic converters now use accept={type} instead of " +"types={'type'} to specify the types the converter accepts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46074 +msgid ":issue:`23330`: h2py now supports arbitrary filenames in #include." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46076 +msgid ":issue:`24031`: make patchcheck now supports git checkouts, too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46080 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 alpha 4" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 alpha 4" + +#: ../NEWS:46082 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-04-19*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-04-19*" + +#: ../NEWS:46087 +msgid "" +":issue:`22980`: Under Linux, GNU/KFreeBSD and the Hurd, C extensions now " +"include the architecture triplet in the extension name, to make it easy to " +"test builds for different ABIs in the same working tree. Under OS X, the " +"extension name now includes :pep:`3149`-style information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46092 +msgid "" +":issue:`22631`: Added Linux-specific socket constant CAN_RAW_FD_FRAMES. " +"Patch courtesy of Joe Jevnik." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46095 +msgid ":issue:`23731`: Implement :pep:`488`: removal of .pyo files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46097 +msgid "" +":issue:`23726`: Don't enable GC for user subclasses of non-GC types that " +"don't add any new fields. Patch by Eugene Toder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46100 +msgid "" +":issue:`23309`: Avoid a deadlock at shutdown if a daemon thread is aborted " +"while it is holding a lock to a buffered I/O object, and the main thread " +"tries to use the same I/O object (typically stdout or stderr). A fatal " +"error is emitted instead." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46105 +msgid "" +":issue:`22977`: Fixed formatting Windows error messages on Wine. Patch by " +"Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46108 +msgid "" +":issue:`23466`: %c, %o, %x, and %X in bytes formatting now raise TypeError " +"on non-integer input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46111 +msgid "" +":issue:`24044`: Fix possible null pointer dereference in list.sort in out of" +" memory conditions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46114 +msgid "" +":issue:`21354`: PyCFunction_New function is exposed by python DLL again." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46119 +msgid "" +":issue:`23840`: tokenize.open() now closes the temporary binary file on " +"error to fix a resource warning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46122 +msgid "" +":issue:`16914`: new debuglevel 2 in smtplib adds timestamps to debug output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46124 +msgid "" +":issue:`7159`: urllib.request now supports sending auth credentials " +"automatically after the first 401. This enhancement is a superset of the " +"enhancement from :issue:`19494` and supersedes that change." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46128 +msgid "" +":issue:`23703`: Fix a regression in urljoin() introduced in 901e4e52b20a. " +"Patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46131 +msgid ":issue:`4254`: Adds _curses.update_lines_cols(). Patch by Arnon Yaari" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46133 +msgid "" +":issue:`19933`: Provide default argument for ndigits in round. Patch by " +"Vajrasky Kok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46136 +msgid "" +":issue:`23193`: Add a numeric_owner parameter to tarfile.TarFile.extract and" +" tarfile.TarFile.extractall. Patch by Michael Vogt and Eric Smith." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46139 +msgid "" +":issue:`23342`: Add a subprocess.run() function than returns a CalledProcess" +" instance for a more consistent API than the existing call* functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46142 +msgid "" +":issue:`21217`: inspect.getsourcelines() now tries to compute the start and " +"end lines from the code object, fixing an issue when a lambda function is " +"used as decorator argument. Patch by Thomas Ballinger and Allison Kaptur." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46146 +msgid ":issue:`24521`: Fix possible integer overflows in the pickle module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46148 +msgid ":issue:`22931`: Allow '[' and ']' in cookie values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46150 +msgid "" +"The keywords attribute of functools.partial is now always a dictionary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46152 +msgid "" +":issue:`23811`: Add missing newline to the PyCompileError error message. " +"Patch by Alex Shkop." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46155 +msgid "" +":issue:`21116`: Avoid blowing memory when allocating a multiprocessing " +"shared array that's larger than 50% of the available RAM. Patch by Médéric " +"Boquien." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46159 +msgid "" +":issue:`22982`: Improve BOM handling when seeking to multiple positions of a" +" writable text file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46162 +msgid ":issue:`23464`: Removed deprecated asyncio JoinableQueue." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46164 +msgid "" +":issue:`23529`: Limit the size of decompressed data when reading from " +"GzipFile, BZ2File or LZMAFile. This defeats denial of service attacks using" +" compressed bombs (i.e. compressed payloads which decompress to a huge " +"size). Patch by Martin Panter and Nikolaus Rath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46169 +msgid ":issue:`21859`: Added Python implementation of io.FileIO." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46171 +msgid "" +":issue:`23865`: close() methods in multiple modules now are idempotent and " +"more robust at shutdown. If they need to release multiple resources, all are" +" released even if errors occur." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46175 +msgid "" +":issue:`23400`: Raise same exception on both Python 2 and 3 if sem_open is " +"not available. Patch by Davin Potts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46178 +msgid "" +":issue:`10838`: The subprocess now module includes SubprocessError and " +"TimeoutError in its list of exported names for the users wild enough to use " +"``from subprocess import *``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46182 +msgid "" +":issue:`23411`: Added DefragResult, ParseResult, SplitResult, " +"DefragResultBytes, ParseResultBytes, and SplitResultBytes to " +"urllib.parse.__all__. Patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46186 +msgid "" +":issue:`23881`: urllib.request.ftpwrapper constructor now closes the socket " +"if the FTP connection failed to fix a ResourceWarning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46189 +msgid "" +":issue:`23853`: :meth:`socket.socket.sendall` does no more reset the socket " +"timeout each time data is sent successfully. The socket timeout is now the " +"maximum total duration to send all data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46193 +msgid "" +":issue:`22721`: An order of multiline pprint output of set or dict " +"containing orderable and non-orderable elements no longer depends on " +"iteration order of set or dict." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46197 +msgid "" +":issue:`15133`: _tkinter.tkapp.getboolean() now supports Tcl_Obj and always " +"returns bool. tkinter.BooleanVar now validates input values (accepted bool, " +"int, str, and Tcl_Obj). tkinter.BooleanVar.get() now always returns bool." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46202 +msgid ":issue:`10590`: xml.sax.parseString() now supports string argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46204 +msgid "" +":issue:`23338`: Fixed formatting ctypes error messages on Cygwin. Patch by " +"Makoto Kato." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46207 +msgid ":issue:`15582`: inspect.getdoc() now follows inheritance chains." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46209 +msgid "" +":issue:`2175`: SAX parsers now support a character stream of InputSource " +"object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46212 +msgid "" +":issue:`16840`: Tkinter now supports 64-bit integers added in Tcl 8.4 and " +"arbitrary precision integers added in Tcl 8.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46215 +msgid "" +":issue:`23834`: Fix socket.sendto(), use the C Py_ssize_t type to store the " +"result of sendto() instead of the C int type." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46218 +msgid "" +":issue:`23618`: :meth:`socket.socket.connect` now waits until the connection" +" completes instead of raising :exc:`InterruptedError` if the connection is " +"interrupted by signals, signal handlers don't raise an exception and the " +"socket is blocking or has a timeout. :meth:`socket.socket.connect` still " +"raise :exc:`InterruptedError` for non-blocking sockets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46224 +msgid ":issue:`21526`: Tkinter now supports new boolean type in Tcl 8.5." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46226 +msgid "" +":issue:`23836`: Fix the faulthandler module to handle reentrant calls to its" +" signal handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46229 +msgid "" +":issue:`23838`: linecache now clears the cache and returns an empty result " +"on MemoryError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46232 +msgid "" +":issue:`10395`: Added os.path.commonpath(). Implemented in posixpath and " +"ntpath. Based on patch by Rafik Draoui." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46235 +msgid "" +":issue:`23611`: Serializing more \"lookupable\" objects (such as unbound " +"methods or nested classes) now are supported with pickle protocols < 4." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46238 +msgid ":issue:`13583`: sqlite3.Row now supports slice indexing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46240 +msgid "" +":issue:`18473`: Fixed 2to3 and 3to2 compatible pickle mappings. Fixed " +"ambiguous reverse mappings. Added many new mappings. Import mapping is no " +"longer applied to modules already mapped with full name mapping." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46244 +msgid "" +":issue:`23485`: select.select() is now retried automatically with the " +"recomputed timeout when interrupted by a signal, except if the signal " +"handler raises an exception. This change is part of the :pep:`475`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46248 +msgid "" +":issue:`23752`: When built from an existing file descriptor, io.FileIO() now" +" only calls fstat() once. Before fstat() was called twice, which was not " +"necessary." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46252 +msgid "" +":issue:`23704`: collections.deque() objects now support __add__, __mul__, " +"and __imul__()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46255 +msgid "" +":issue:`23171`: csv.Writer.writerow() now supports arbitrary iterables." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46257 +msgid "" +":issue:`23745`: The new email header parser now handles duplicate MIME " +"parameter names without error, similar to how get_param behaves." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46260 +msgid "" +":issue:`22117`: Fix os.utime(), it now rounds the timestamp towards minus " +"infinity (-inf) instead of rounding towards zero." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46263 +msgid "" +":issue:`23310`: Fix MagicMock's initializer to work with __methods__, just " +"like configure_mock(). Patch by Kasia Jachim." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46269 +msgid "" +":issue:`23817`: FreeBSD now uses \"1.0\" in the SOVERSION as other operating" +" systems, instead of just \"1\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46272 +msgid "" +":issue:`23501`: Argument Clinic now generates code into separate files by " +"default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46278 +msgid "" +":issue:`23799`: Added test.support.start_threads() for running and cleaning " +"up multiple threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46281 +msgid "" +":issue:`22390`: test.regrtest now emits a warning if temporary files or " +"directories are left after running a test." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46287 +msgid "" +":issue:`18128`: pygettext now uses standard +NNNN format in the POT-" +"Creation-Date header." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46290 +msgid "" +":issue:`23935`: Argument Clinic's understanding of format units accepting " +"bytes, bytearrays, and buffers is now consistent with both the documentation" +" and the implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46294 +msgid "" +":issue:`23944`: Argument Clinic now wraps long impl prototypes at column 78." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46296 +msgid "" +":issue:`20586`: Argument Clinic now ensures that functions without " +"docstrings have signatures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46299 +msgid "" +":issue:`23492`: Argument Clinic now generates argument parsing code with " +"PyArg_Parse instead of PyArg_ParseTuple if possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46302 +msgid "" +":issue:`23500`: Argument Clinic is now smarter about generating the " +"\"#ifndef\" (empty) definition of the methoddef macro: it's only generated " +"once, even if Argument Clinic processes the same symbol multiple times, and " +"it's emitted at the end of all processing rather than immediately after the " +"first use." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46311 +msgid "" +":issue:`23998`: PyImport_ReInitLock() now checks for lock allocation error" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46315 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 alpha 3" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 alpha 3" + +#: ../NEWS:46317 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-03-28*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-03-28*" + +#: ../NEWS:46322 +msgid "" +":issue:`23573`: Increased performance of string search operations (str.find," +" str.index, str.count, the in operator, str.split, str.partition) with " +"arguments of different kinds (UCS1, UCS2, UCS4)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46326 +msgid "" +":issue:`23753`: Python doesn't support anymore platforms without stat() or " +"fstat(), these functions are always required." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46329 +msgid "" +":issue:`23681`: The -b option now affects comparisons of bytes with int." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46331 +msgid "" +":issue:`23632`: Memoryviews now allow tuple indexing (including for multi-" +"dimensional memoryviews)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46334 +msgid ":issue:`23192`: Fixed generator lambdas. Patch by Bruno Cauet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46336 +msgid "" +":issue:`23629`: Fix the default __sizeof__ implementation for variable-sized" +" objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46342 +msgid "" +":issue:`14260`: The groupindex attribute of regular expression pattern " +"object now is non-modifiable mapping." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46345 +msgid "" +":issue:`23792`: Ignore KeyboardInterrupt when the pydoc pager is active. " +"This mimics the behavior of the standard unix pagers, and prevents pipepager" +" from shutting down while the pager itself is still running." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46349 +msgid "" +":issue:`23775`: pprint() of OrderedDict now outputs the same representation " +"as repr()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46352 +msgid ":issue:`23765`: Removed IsBadStringPtr calls in ctypes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46354 +msgid ":issue:`22364`: Improved some re error messages using regex for hints." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46356 +msgid "" +":issue:`23742`: ntpath.expandvars() no longer loses unbalanced single " +"quotes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46358 +msgid "" +":issue:`21717`: The zipfile.ZipFile.open function now supports 'x' " +"(exclusive creation) mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46361 +msgid "" +":issue:`21802`: The reader in BufferedRWPair now is closed even when closing" +" writer failed in BufferedRWPair.close()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46364 +msgid "" +":issue:`23622`: Unknown escapes in regular expressions that consist of " +"``'\\'`` and ASCII letter now raise a deprecation warning and will be " +"forbidden in Python 3.6." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46368 +msgid "" +":issue:`23671`: string.Template now allows specifying the \"self\" parameter" +" as a keyword argument. string.Formatter now allows specifying the \"self\"" +" and the \"format_string\" parameters as keyword arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46372 +msgid ":issue:`23502`: The pprint module now supports mapping proxies." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46374 +msgid ":issue:`17530`: pprint now wraps long bytes objects and bytearrays." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46376 +msgid "" +":issue:`22687`: Fixed some corner cases in breaking words in tetxtwrap. Got " +"rid of quadratic complexity in breaking long words." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46379 +msgid "" +":issue:`4727`: The copy module now uses pickle protocol 4 (PEP 3154) and " +"supports copying of instances of classes whose __new__ method takes keyword-" +"only arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46383 +msgid "" +":issue:`23491`: Added a zipapp module to support creating executable zip " +"file archives of Python code. Registered \".pyz\" and \".pyzw\" extensions " +"on Windows for these archives (PEP 441)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46387 +msgid "" +":issue:`23657`: Avoid explicit checks for str in zipapp, adding support for " +"pathlib.Path objects as arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46390 +msgid "" +":issue:`23688`: Added support of arbitrary bytes-like objects and avoided " +"unnecessary copying of memoryview in gzip.GzipFile.write(). Original patch " +"by Wolfgang Maier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46394 +msgid "" +":issue:`23252`: Added support for writing ZIP files to unseekable streams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46396 +msgid "" +":issue:`23647`: Increase imaplib's MAXLINE to accommodate modern mailbox " +"sizes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46398 +msgid "" +":issue:`23539`: If body is None, http.client.HTTPConnection.request now sets" +" Content-Length to 0 for PUT, POST, and PATCH headers to avoid 411 errors " +"from some web servers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46402 +msgid "" +":issue:`22351`: The nntplib.NNTP constructor no longer leaves the connection" +" and socket open until the garbage collector cleans them up. Patch by " +"Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46406 +msgid "" +":issue:`23704`: collections.deque() objects now support methods for index()," +" insert(), and copy(). This allows deques to be registered as a " +"MutableSequence and it improves their substitutability for lists." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46410 +msgid "" +":issue:`23715`: :func:`signal.sigwaitinfo` and :func:`signal.sigtimedwait` " +"are now retried when interrupted by a signal not in the *sigset* parameter, " +"if the signal handler does not raise an exception. signal.sigtimedwait() " +"recomputes the timeout with a monotonic clock when it is retried." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46415 +msgid "" +":issue:`23001`: Few functions in modules mmap, ossaudiodev, socket, ssl, and" +" codecs, that accepted only read-only bytes-like object now accept writable " +"bytes-like object too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46419 +msgid "" +":issue:`23646`: If time.sleep() is interrupted by a signal, the sleep is now" +" retried with the recomputed delay, except if the signal handler raises an " +"exception (PEP 475)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46423 +msgid "" +":issue:`23136`: _strptime now uniformly handles all days in week 0, " +"including Dec 30 of previous year. Based on patch by Jim Carroll." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46426 +msgid "" +":issue:`23700`: Iterator of NamedTemporaryFile now keeps a reference to " +"NamedTemporaryFile instance. Patch by Bohuslav Kabrda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46429 +msgid "" +":issue:`22903`: The fake test case created by unittest.loader when it fails " +"importing a test module is now picklable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46432 +msgid "" +":issue:`22181`: On Linux, os.urandom() now uses the new getrandom() syscall " +"if available, syscall introduced in the Linux kernel 3.17. It is more " +"reliable and more secure, because it avoids the need of a file descriptor " +"and waits until the kernel has enough entropy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46437 +msgid "" +":issue:`2211`: Updated the implementation of the http.cookies.Morsel class. " +"Setting attributes key, value and coded_value directly now is deprecated. " +"update() and setdefault() now transform and check keys. Comparing for " +"equality now takes into account attributes key, value and coded_value. " +"copy() now returns a Morsel, not a dict. repr() now contains all " +"attributes. Optimized checking keys and quoting values. Added new tests. " +"Original patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46445 +msgid "" +":issue:`18983`: Allow selection of output units in timeit. Patch by Julian " +"Gindi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46448 +msgid "" +":issue:`23631`: Fix traceback.format_list when a traceback has been mutated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46450 +msgid "" +":issue:`23568`: Add rdivmod support to MagicMock() objects. Patch by Håkan " +"Lövdahl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46453 +msgid ":issue:`2052`: Add charset parameter to HtmlDiff.make_file()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46455 +msgid ":issue:`23668`: Support os.truncate and os.ftruncate on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46457 +msgid "" +":issue:`23138`: Fixed parsing cookies with absent keys or values in " +"cookiejar. Patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46460 +msgid "" +":issue:`23051`: multiprocessing.Pool methods imap() and imap_unordered() now" +" handle exceptions raised by an iterator. Patch by Alon Diamant and Davin " +"Potts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46464 +msgid "" +":issue:`23581`: Add matmul support to MagicMock. Patch by Håkan Lövdahl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46466 +msgid "" +":issue:`23566`: enable(), register(), dump_traceback() and " +"dump_traceback_later() functions of faulthandler now accept file " +"descriptors. Patch by Wei Wu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46470 +msgid "" +":issue:`22928`: Disabled HTTP header injections in http.client. Original " +"patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46473 +msgid "" +":issue:`23615`: Modules bz2, tarfile and tokenize now can be reloaded with " +"imp.reload(). Patch by Thomas Kluyver." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46476 +msgid "" +":issue:`23605`: os.walk() now calls os.scandir() instead of os.listdir(). " +"The usage of os.scandir() reduces the number of calls to os.stat(). Initial " +"patch written by Ben Hoyt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46483 +msgid ":issue:`23585`: make patchcheck will ensure the interpreter is built." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46488 +msgid ":issue:`23583`: Added tests for standard IO streams in IDLE." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46490 +msgid "" +":issue:`22289`: Prevent test_urllib2net failures due to ftp connection " +"timeout." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46495 +msgid "" +":issue:`22826`: The result of open() in Tools/freeze/bkfile.py is now better" +" compatible with regular files (in particular it now supports the context " +"management protocol)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46501 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 alpha 2" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 alpha 2" + +#: ../NEWS:46503 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-03-09*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-03-09*" + +#: ../NEWS:46508 +msgid "" +":issue:`23571`: PyObject_Call() and PyCFunction_Call() now raise a " +"SystemError if a function returns a result and raises an exception. The " +"SystemError is chained to the previous exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46515 +msgid "" +":issue:`22524`: New os.scandir() function, part of the :pep:`471`: " +"\"os.scandir() function -- a better and faster directory iterator\". Patch " +"written by Ben Hoyt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46519 +msgid "" +":issue:`23103`: Reduced the memory consumption of IPv4Address and " +"IPv6Address." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46521 +msgid "" +":issue:`21793`: BaseHTTPRequestHandler again logs response code as numeric, " +"not as stringified enum. Patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46524 +msgid "" +":issue:`23476`: In the ssl module, enable OpenSSL's " +"X509_V_FLAG_TRUSTED_FIRST flag on certificate stores when it is available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46527 +msgid "" +":issue:`23576`: Avoid stalling in SSL reads when EOF has been reached in the" +" SSL layer but the underlying connection hasn't been closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46530 +msgid ":issue:`23504`: Added an __all__ to the types module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46532 +msgid ":issue:`23563`: Optimized utility functions in urllib.parse." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46534 +msgid ":issue:`7830`: Flatten nested functools.partial." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46536 +msgid ":issue:`20204`: Added the __module__ attribute to _tkinter classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46538 +msgid "" +":issue:`19980`: Improved help() for non-recognized strings. help('') now " +"shows the help on str. help('help') now shows the help on help(). Original " +"patch by Mark Lawrence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46542 +msgid "" +":issue:`23521`: Corrected pure python implementation of timedelta division. " +"Eliminated OverflowError from ``timedelta * float`` for some floats; " +"Corrected rounding in timedelta true division." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46546 +msgid "" +":issue:`21619`: Popen objects no longer leave a zombie after exit in the " +"with statement if the pipe was broken. Patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46549 +msgid "" +":issue:`22936`: Make it possible to show local variables in tracebacks for " +"both the traceback module and unittest." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46552 +msgid "" +":issue:`15955`: Add an option to limit the output size in bz2.decompress(). " +"Patch by Nikolaus Rath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46555 +msgid "" +":issue:`6639`: Module-level turtle functions no longer raise TclError after " +"closing the window." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46558 +msgid "" +":issue:`814253`: Group references and conditional group references now work " +"in lookbehind assertions in regular expressions. (See also: :issue:`9179`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46561 +msgid "" +":issue:`23215`: Multibyte codecs with custom error handlers that ignores " +"errors consumed too much memory and raised SystemError or MemoryError. " +"Original patch by Aleksi Torhamo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46565 +msgid "" +":issue:`5700`: io.FileIO() called flush() after closing the file. flush() " +"was not called in close() if closefd=False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46568 +msgid "" +":issue:`23374`: Fixed pydoc failure with non-ASCII files when stdout " +"encoding differs from file system encoding (e.g. on Mac OS)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46571 +msgid ":issue:`23481`: Remove RC4 from the SSL module's default cipher list." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46573 +msgid "" +":issue:`21548`: Fix pydoc.synopsis() and pydoc.apropos() on modules with " +"empty docstrings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46576 +msgid "" +":issue:`22885`: Fixed arbitrary code execution vulnerability in the dbm.dumb" +" module. Original patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46579 +msgid "" +":issue:`23239`: ssl.match_hostname() now supports matching of IP addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46581 +msgid "" +":issue:`23146`: Fix mishandling of absolute Windows paths with forward " +"slashes in pathlib." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46584 +msgid "" +":issue:`23096`: Pickle representation of floats with protocol 0 now is the " +"same for both Python and C implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46587 +msgid "" +":issue:`19105`: pprint now more efficiently uses free space at the right." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46589 +msgid "" +":issue:`14910`: Add allow_abbrev parameter to argparse.ArgumentParser. Patch" +" by Jonathan Paugh, Steven Bethard, paul j3 and Daniel Eriksson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46592 +msgid "" +":issue:`21717`: tarfile.open() now supports 'x' (exclusive creation) mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46594 +msgid ":issue:`23344`: marshal.dumps() is now 20-25% faster on average." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46596 +msgid "" +":issue:`20416`: marshal.dumps() with protocols 3 and 4 is now 40-50% faster " +"on average." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46599 +msgid ":issue:`23421`: Fixed compression in tarfile CLI. Patch by wdv4758h." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46601 +msgid ":issue:`23367`: Fix possible overflows in the unicodedata module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46603 +msgid "" +":issue:`23361`: Fix possible overflow in Windows subprocess creation code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46605 +msgid "" +"logging.handlers.QueueListener now takes a respect_handler_level keyword " +"argument which, if set to True, will pass messages to handlers taking " +"handler levels into account." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46609 +msgid "" +":issue:`19705`: turtledemo now has a visual sorting algorithm demo. " +"Original patch from Jason Yeo." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46612 +msgid "" +":issue:`23801`: Fix issue where cgi.FieldStorage did not always ignore the " +"entire preamble to a multipart body." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46618 +msgid "" +":issue:`23445`: pydebug builds now use \"gcc -Og\" where possible, to make " +"the resulting executable faster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46621 +msgid "" +":issue:`23686`: Update OS X 10.5 installer build to use OpenSSL 1.0.2a." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46626 +msgid "" +":issue:`20204`: Deprecation warning is now raised for builtin types without " +"the __module__ attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46632 +msgid "" +":issue:`23465`: Implement :pep:`486` - Make the Python Launcher aware of " +"virtual environments. Patch by Paul Moore." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46635 +msgid "" +":issue:`23437`: Make user scripts directory versioned on Windows. Patch by " +"Paul Moore." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46640 +msgid "Python 3.5.0 alpha 1" +msgstr "Python 3.5.0 alpha 1" + +#: ../NEWS:46642 +msgid "*Release date: 2015-02-08*" +msgstr "*发布日期: 2015-02-08*" + +#: ../NEWS:46647 +msgid ":issue:`23285`: PEP 475 - EINTR handling." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46649 +msgid "" +":issue:`22735`: Fix many edge cases (including crashes) involving custom " +"mro() implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46652 +msgid "" +":issue:`22896`: Avoid using PyObject_AsCharBuffer(), PyObject_AsReadBuffer()" +" and PyObject_AsWriteBuffer()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46655 +msgid "" +":issue:`21295`: Revert some changes (:issue:`16795`) to AST line numbers and" +" column offsets that constituted a regression." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46658 +msgid "" +":issue:`22986`: Allow changing an object's __class__ between a dynamic type " +"and static type in some cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46661 +msgid "" +":issue:`15859`: PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(), PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS() and " +"PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage() now raise an exception if the object is not a " +"Unicode object. For PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(), it was already the case on " +"platforms other than Windows. Patch written by Campbell Barton." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46666 +msgid "" +":issue:`21408`: The default __ne__() now returns NotImplemented if __eq__() " +"returned NotImplemented. Original patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46669 +msgid "" +":issue:`23321`: Fixed a crash in str.decode() when error handler returned " +"replacement string longer than malformed input data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46672 +msgid "" +":issue:`22286`: The \"backslashreplace\" error handlers now works with " +"decoding and translating." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46675 +msgid "" +":issue:`23253`: Delay-load ShellExecute[AW] in os.startfile for reduced " +"startup overhead on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46678 +msgid "" +":issue:`22038`: pyatomic.h now uses stdatomic.h or GCC built-in functions " +"for atomic memory access if available. Patch written by Vitor de Lima and " +"Gustavo Temple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46682 +msgid "" +":issue:`20284`: %-interpolation (aka printf) formatting added for bytes and " +"bytearray." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46685 +msgid ":issue:`23048`: Fix jumping out of an infinite while loop in the pdb." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46687 +msgid "" +":issue:`20335`: bytes constructor now raises TypeError when encoding or " +"errors is specified with non-string argument. Based on patch by Renaud " +"Blanch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46690 +msgid "" +":issue:`22834`: If the current working directory ends up being set to a non-" +"existent directory then import will no longer raise FileNotFoundError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46693 +msgid "" +":issue:`22869`: Move the interpreter startup & shutdown code to a new " +"dedicated pylifecycle.c module" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46696 +msgid ":issue:`22847`: Improve method cache efficiency." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46698 +msgid "" +":issue:`22335`: Fix crash when trying to enlarge a bytearray to 0x7fffffff " +"bytes on a 32-bit platform." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46701 +msgid "" +":issue:`22653`: Fix an assertion failure in debug mode when doing a " +"reentrant dict insertion in debug mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46704 +msgid "" +":issue:`22643`: Fix integer overflow in Unicode case operations (upper, " +"lower, title, swapcase, casefold)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46707 +msgid "" +":issue:`17636`: Circular imports involving relative imports are now " +"supported." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46709 +msgid "" +":issue:`22604`: Fix assertion error in debug mode when dividing a complex " +"number by (nan+0j)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46712 +msgid "" +":issue:`21052`: Do not raise ImportWarning when sys.path_hooks or " +"sys.meta_path are set to None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46715 +msgid "" +":issue:`16518`: Use 'bytes-like object required' in error messages that " +"previously used the far more cryptic \"'x' does not support the buffer " +"protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46719 +msgid "" +":issue:`22470`: Fixed integer overflow issues in \"backslashreplace\", " +"\"xmlcharrefreplace\", and \"surrogatepass\" error handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46722 +msgid "" +":issue:`22540`: speed up ``PyObject_IsInstance`` and ``PyObject_IsSubclass``" +" in the common case that the second argument has metaclass ``type``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46725 +msgid "" +":issue:`18711`: Add a new ``PyErr_FormatV`` function, similar to " +"``PyErr_Format`` but accepting a ``va_list`` argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46728 +msgid "" +":issue:`22520`: Fix overflow checking when generating the repr of a unicode " +"object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46731 +msgid ":issue:`22519`: Fix overflow checking in PyBytes_Repr." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46733 +msgid ":issue:`22518`: Fix integer overflow issues in latin-1 encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46735 +msgid "" +":issue:`16324`: _charset parameter of MIMEText now also accepts " +"email.charset.Charset instances. Initial patch by Claude Paroz." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46738 +msgid "" +":issue:`1764286`: Fix inspect.getsource() to support decorated functions. " +"Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46741 +msgid ":issue:`18554`: os.__all__ includes posix functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46743 +msgid ":issue:`21391`: Use os.path.abspath in the shutil module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46745 +msgid "" +":issue:`11471`: avoid generating a JUMP_FORWARD instruction at the end of an" +" if-block if there is no else-clause. Original patch by Eugene Toder." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46748 +msgid "" +":issue:`22215`: Now ValueError is raised instead of TypeError when str or " +"bytes argument contains not permitted null character or byte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46751 +msgid "" +":issue:`22258`: Fix the internal function set_inheritable() on Illumos. This" +" platform exposes the function ``ioctl(FIOCLEX)``, but calling it fails with" +" errno is ENOTTY: \"Inappropriate ioctl for device\". set_inheritable() now " +"falls back to the slower ``fcntl()`` (``F_GETFD`` and then ``F_SETFD``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46757 +msgid "" +":issue:`21389`: Displaying the __qualname__ of the underlying function in " +"the repr of a bound method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46760 +msgid "" +":issue:`22206`: Using pthread, PyThread_create_key() now sets errno to " +"ENOMEM and returns -1 (error) on integer overflow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46763 +msgid "" +":issue:`20184`: Argument Clinic based signature introspection added for 30 " +"of the builtin functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46766 +msgid "" +":issue:`22116`: C functions and methods (of the 'builtin_function_or_method'" +" type) can now be weakref'ed. Patch by Wei Wu." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46769 +msgid "" +":issue:`22077`: Improve index error messages for bytearrays, bytes, lists, " +"and tuples by adding 'or slices'. Added ', not ' for bytearrays. " +"Original patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46773 +msgid "" +":issue:`20179`: Apply Argument Clinic to bytes and bytearray. Patch by Tal " +"Einat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46776 +msgid ":issue:`22082`: Clear interned strings in slotdefs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46778 +msgid "Upgrade Unicode database to Unicode 7.0.0." +msgstr "升级 Unicode 数据库到 7.0.0 版本。" + +#: ../NEWS:46780 +msgid "" +":issue:`21897`: Fix a crash with the f_locals attribute with closure " +"variables when frame.clear() has been called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46783 +msgid "" +":issue:`21205`: Add a new ``__qualname__`` attribute to generator, the " +"qualified name, and use it in the representation of a generator " +"(``repr(gen)``). The default name of the generator (``__name__`` attribute) " +"is now get from the function instead of the code. Use " +"``gen.gi_code.co_name`` to get the name of the code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46789 +msgid "" +":issue:`21669`: With the aid of heuristics in SyntaxError.__init__, the " +"parser now attempts to generate more meaningful (or at least more search " +"engine friendly) error messages when \"exec\" and \"print\" are used as " +"statements." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46793 +msgid "" +":issue:`21642`: In the conditional if-else expression, allow an integer " +"written with no space between itself and the ``else`` keyword (e.g. ``True " +"if 42else False``) to be valid syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46797 +msgid "" +":issue:`21523`: Fix over-pessimistic computation of the stack effect of some" +" opcodes in the compiler. This also fixes a quadratic compilation time " +"issue noticeable when compiling code with a large number of \"and\" and " +"\"or\" operators." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46802 +msgid "" +":issue:`21418`: Fix a crash in the builtin function super() when called " +"without argument and without current frame (ex: embedded Python)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46805 +msgid "" +":issue:`21425`: Fix flushing of standard streams in the interactive " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46808 +msgid "" +":issue:`21435`: In rare cases, when running finalizers on objects in cyclic " +"trash a bad pointer dereference could occur due to a subtle flaw in internal" +" iteration logic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46812 +msgid "" +":issue:`21377`: PyBytes_Concat() now tries to concatenate in-place when the " +"first argument has a reference count of 1. Patch by Nikolaus Rath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46815 +msgid "" +":issue:`20355`: -W command line options now have higher priority than the " +"PYTHONWARNINGS environment variable. Patch by Arfrever." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46818 +msgid ":issue:`21274`: Define PATH_MAX for GNU/Hurd in Python/pythonrun.c." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46820 +msgid ":issue:`20904`: Support setting FPU precision on m68k." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46822 +msgid "" +":issue:`21209`: Fix sending tuples to custom generator objects with the " +"yield from syntax." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46825 +msgid "" +":issue:`21193`: pow(a, b, c) now raises ValueError rather than TypeError " +"when b is negative. Patch by Josh Rosenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46828 +msgid "" +":issue:`21176`: PEP 465: Add the '@' operator for matrix multiplication." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46830 +msgid "" +":issue:`21134`: Fix segfault when str is called on an uninitialized " +"UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError, or UnicodeTranslateError object." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46833 +msgid "" +":issue:`19537`: Fix PyUnicode_DATA() alignment under m68k. Patch by Andreas" +" Schwab." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46836 +msgid ":issue:`20929`: Add a type cast to avoid shifting a negative number." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46838 +msgid "" +":issue:`20731`: Properly position in source code files even if they are " +"opened in text mode. Patch by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46841 +msgid "" +":issue:`20637`: Key-sharing now also works for instance dictionaries of " +"subclasses. Patch by Peter Ingebretson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46844 +msgid "" +":issue:`8297`: Attributes missing from modules now include the module name " +"in the error text. Original patch by ysj.ray." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46847 +msgid "" +":issue:`19995`: %c, %o, %x, and %X now raise TypeError on non-integer input." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46849 +msgid "" +":issue:`19655`: The ASDL parser - used by the build process to generate code" +" for managing the Python AST in C - was rewritten. The new parser is self " +"contained and does not require to carry long the spark.py parser-generator " +"library; spark.py was removed from the source base." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46854 +msgid "" +":issue:`12546`: Allow ``\\x00`` to be used as a fill character when using " +"str, int, float, and complex __format__ methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46857 +msgid ":issue:`20480`: Add ipaddress.reverse_pointer. Patch by Leon Weber." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46859 +msgid "" +":issue:`13598`: Modify string.Formatter to support auto-numbering of " +"replacement fields. It now matches the behavior of str.format() in this " +"regard. Patches by Phil Elson and Ramchandra Apte." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46863 +msgid "" +":issue:`8931`: Make alternate formatting ('#') for type 'c' raise an " +"exception. In versions prior to 3.5, '#' with 'c' had no effect. Now " +"specifying it is an error. Patch by Torsten Landschoff." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46867 +msgid "" +":issue:`23165`: Perform overflow checks before allocating memory in the " +"_Py_char2wchar function." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46873 +msgid ":issue:`23399`: pyvenv creates relative symlinks where possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46875 +msgid "" +":issue:`20289`: cgi.FieldStorage() now supports the context management " +"protocol." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46878 +msgid "" +":issue:`13128`: Print response headers for CONNECT requests when debuglevel " +"> 0. Patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46881 +msgid "" +":issue:`15381`: Optimized io.BytesIO to make less allocations and copyings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46883 +msgid "" +":issue:`22818`: Splitting on a pattern that could match an empty string now " +"raises a warning. Patterns that can only match empty strings are now " +"rejected." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46887 +msgid "" +":issue:`23099`: Closing io.BytesIO with exported buffer is rejected now to " +"prevent corrupting exported buffer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46890 +msgid "" +":issue:`23326`: Removed __ne__ implementations. Since fixing default __ne__" +" implementation in :issue:`21408` they are redundant." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46893 +msgid ":issue:`23363`: Fix possible overflow in itertools.permutations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46895 +msgid ":issue:`23364`: Fix possible overflow in itertools.product." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46897 +msgid "" +":issue:`23366`: Fixed possible integer overflow in itertools.combinations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46899 +msgid "" +":issue:`23369`: Fixed possible integer overflow in " +"_json.encode_basestring_ascii." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46902 +msgid "" +":issue:`23353`: Fix the exception handling of generators in " +"PyEval_EvalFrameEx(). At entry, save or swap the exception state even if " +"PyEval_EvalFrameEx() is called with throwflag=0. At exit, the exception " +"state is now always restored or swapped, not only if why is WHY_YIELD or " +"WHY_RETURN. Patch co-written with Antoine Pitrou." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46908 +msgid "" +":issue:`14099`: Restored support of writing ZIP files to tellable but non-" +"seekable streams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46911 +msgid "" +":issue:`14099`: Writing to ZipFile and reading multiple ZipExtFiles is " +"threadsafe now." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46914 +msgid "" +":issue:`19361`: JSON decoder now raises JSONDecodeError instead of " +"ValueError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46916 +msgid "" +":issue:`18518`: timeit now rejects statements which can't be compiled " +"outside a function or a loop (e.g. \"return\" or \"break\")." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46919 +msgid "" +":issue:`23094`: Fixed readline with frames in Python implementation of " +"pickle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46921 +msgid ":issue:`23268`: Fixed bugs in the comparison of ipaddress classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46923 +msgid "" +":issue:`21408`: Removed incorrect implementations of __ne__() which didn't " +"returned NotImplemented if __eq__() returned NotImplemented. The default " +"__ne__() now works correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46927 +msgid "" +":issue:`19996`: :class:`email.feedparser.FeedParser` now handles (malformed)" +" headers with no key rather than assuming the body has started." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46930 +msgid "" +":issue:`20188`: Support Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) in the" +" ssl module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46933 +msgid "" +":issue:`23133`: Pickling of ipaddress objects now produces more compact and " +"portable representation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46936 +msgid ":issue:`23248`: Update ssl error codes from latest OpenSSL git master." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46938 +msgid "" +":issue:`23266`: Much faster implementation of ipaddress.collapse_addresses()" +" when there are many non-consecutive addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46941 +msgid ":issue:`23098`: 64-bit dev_t is now supported in the os module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46943 +msgid "" +":issue:`21817`: When an exception is raised in a task submitted to a " +"ProcessPoolExecutor, the remote traceback is now displayed in the parent " +"process. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46947 +msgid "" +":issue:`15955`: Add an option to limit output size when decompressing LZMA " +"data. Patch by Nikolaus Rath and Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46950 +msgid "" +":issue:`23250`: In the http.cookies module, capitalize \"HttpOnly\" and " +"\"Secure\" as they are written in the standard." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46953 +msgid "" +":issue:`23063`: In the distutils' check command, fix parsing of reST with " +"code or code-block directives." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46956 +msgid "" +":issue:`23209`: selectors.BaseSelector.get_key() now raises a RuntimeError " +"if the selector is closed. And selectors.BaseSelector.close() now clears its" +" internal reference to the selector mapping to break a reference cycle. " +"Initial patch written by Martin Richard. (See also: :issue:`23225`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46961 +msgid "" +":issue:`17911`: Provide a way to seed the linecache for a PEP-302 module " +"without actually loading the code." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46964 +msgid "" +":issue:`17911`: Provide a new object API for traceback, including the " +"ability to not lookup lines at all until the traceback is actually rendered," +" without any trace of the original objects being kept alive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46968 +msgid "" +":issue:`19777`: Provide a home() classmethod on Path objects. Contributed " +"by Victor Salgado and Mayank Tripathi." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46971 +msgid "" +":issue:`23206`: Make ``json.dumps(..., ensure_ascii=False)`` as fast as the " +"default case of ``ensure_ascii=True``. Patch by Naoki Inada." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46974 +msgid ":issue:`23185`: Add math.inf and math.nan constants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46976 +msgid "" +":issue:`23186`: Add ssl.SSLObject.shared_ciphers() and " +"ssl.SSLSocket.shared_ciphers() to fetch the client's list ciphers sent at " +"handshake." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46980 +msgid ":issue:`23143`: Remove compatibility with OpenSSLs older than 0.9.8." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46982 +msgid "" +":issue:`23132`: Improve performance and introspection support of comparison " +"methods created by functool.total_ordering." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46985 +msgid ":issue:`19776`: Add an expanduser() method on Path objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46987 +msgid "" +":issue:`23112`: Fix SimpleHTTPServer to correctly carry the query string and" +" fragment when it redirects to add a trailing slash." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46990 +msgid "" +":issue:`21793`: Added http.HTTPStatus enums (i.e. HTTPStatus.OK, " +"HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND). Patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46993 +msgid "" +":issue:`23093`: In the io, module allow more operations to work on detached " +"streams." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46996 +msgid "" +":issue:`23111`: In the ftplib, make ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23 the default protocol" +" version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:46999 +msgid "" +":issue:`22585`: On OpenBSD 5.6 and newer, os.urandom() now calls " +"getentropy(), instead of reading /dev/urandom, to get pseudo-random bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47002 +msgid "" +":issue:`19104`: pprint now produces evaluable output for wrapped strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47004 +msgid "" +":issue:`23071`: Added missing names to codecs.__all__. Patch by Martin " +"Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47006 +msgid "" +":issue:`22783`: Pickling now uses the NEWOBJ opcode instead of the NEWOBJ_EX" +" opcode if possible." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47009 +msgid ":issue:`15513`: Added a __sizeof__ implementation for pickle classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47011 +msgid "" +":issue:`19858`: pickletools.optimize() now aware of the MEMOIZE opcode, can " +"produce more compact result and no longer produces invalid output if input " +"data contains MEMOIZE opcodes together with PUT or BINPUT opcodes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47015 +msgid "" +":issue:`22095`: Fixed HTTPConnection.set_tunnel with default port. The port" +" value in the host header was set to \"None\". Patch by Demian Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47018 +msgid "" +":issue:`23016`: A warning no longer produces an AttributeError when the " +"program is run with pythonw.exe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47021 +msgid "" +":issue:`21775`: shutil.copytree(): fix crash when copying to VFAT. An " +"exception handler assumed that OSError objects always have a 'winerror' " +"attribute. That is not the case, so the exception handler itself raised " +"AttributeError when run on Linux (and, presumably, any other non-Windows " +"OS). Patch by Greg Ward." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47027 +msgid "" +":issue:`1218234`: Fix inspect.getsource() to load updated source of reloaded" +" module. Initial patch by Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47030 +msgid "" +":issue:`21740`: Support wrapped callables in doctest. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47032 +msgid "" +":issue:`23009`: Make sure selectors.EpollSelector.select() works when no FD " +"is registered." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47035 +msgid "" +":issue:`22959`: In the constructor of http.client.HTTPSConnection, prefer " +"the context's check_hostname attribute over the *check_hostname* parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47038 +msgid "" +":issue:`22696`: Add function :func:`sys.is_finalizing` to know about " +"interpreter shutdown." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47041 +msgid "" +":issue:`16043`: Add a default limit for the amount of data " +"xmlrpclib.gzip_decode will return. This resolves :cve:`2013-1753`." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47044 +msgid "" +":issue:`14099`: ZipFile.open() no longer reopen the underlying file. " +"Objects returned by ZipFile.open() can now operate independently of the " +"ZipFile even if the ZipFile was created by passing in a file-like object as " +"the first argument to the constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47049 +msgid "" +":issue:`22966`: Fix __pycache__ pyc file name clobber when pyc_compile is " +"asked to compile a source file containing multiple dots in the source file " +"name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47052 +msgid ":issue:`21971`: Update turtledemo doc and add module to the index." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47054 +msgid "" +":issue:`21032`: Fixed socket leak if HTTPConnection.getresponse() fails. " +"Original patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47057 +msgid "" +":issue:`22407`: Deprecated the use of re.LOCALE flag with str patterns or " +"re.ASCII. It was newer worked." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47060 +msgid "" +":issue:`22902`: The \"ip\" command is now used on Linux to determine MAC " +"address in uuid.getnode(). Pach by Bruno Cauet." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47063 +msgid "" +":issue:`22960`: Add a context argument to xmlrpclib.ServerProxy constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47065 +msgid ":issue:`22389`: Add contextlib.redirect_stderr()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47067 +msgid "" +":issue:`21356`: Make ssl.RAND_egd() optional to support LibreSSL. The " +"availability of the function is checked during the compilation. Patch " +"written by Bernard Spil." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47071 +msgid "" +":issue:`22915`: SAX parser now supports files opened with file descriptor or" +" bytes path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47074 +msgid "" +":issue:`22609`: Constructors and update methods of mapping classes in the " +"collections module now accept the self keyword argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47077 +msgid ":issue:`22940`: Add readline.append_history_file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47079 +msgid ":issue:`19676`: Added the \"namereplace\" error handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47081 +msgid "" +":issue:`22788`: Add *context* parameter to logging.handlers.HTTPHandler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47083 +msgid "" +":issue:`22921`: Allow SSLContext to take the *hostname* parameter even if " +"OpenSSL doesn't support SNI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47086 +msgid "" +":issue:`22894`: TestCase.subTest() would cause the test suite to be stopped " +"when in failfast mode, even in the absence of failures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47089 +msgid "" +":issue:`22796`: HTTP cookie parsing is now stricter, in order to protect " +"against potential injection attacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47092 +msgid ":issue:`22370`: Windows detection in pathlib is now more robust." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47094 +msgid "" +":issue:`22841`: Reject coroutines in asyncio add_signal_handler(). Patch by " +"Ludovic.Gasc." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47097 +msgid "" +":issue:`19494`: Added urllib.request.HTTPBasicPriorAuthHandler. Patch by " +"Matej Cepl." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47100 +msgid ":issue:`22578`: Added attributes to the re.error class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47102 +msgid "" +":issue:`22849`: Fix possible double free in the io.TextIOWrapper " +"constructor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47104 +msgid "" +":issue:`12728`: Different Unicode characters having the same uppercase but " +"different lowercase are now matched in case-insensitive regular expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47108 +msgid "" +":issue:`22821`: Fixed fcntl() with integer argument on 64-bit big-endian " +"platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47111 +msgid ":issue:`21650`: Add an ``--sort-keys`` option to ``json.tool`` CLI." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47113 +msgid "" +":issue:`22824`: Updated reprlib output format for sets to use set literals. " +"Patch contributed by Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47116 +msgid "" +":issue:`22824`: Updated reprlib output format for arrays to display empty " +"arrays without an unnecessary empty list. Suggested by Serhiy Storchaka." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47119 +msgid "" +":issue:`22406`: Fixed the uu_codec codec incorrectly ported to 3.x. Based on" +" patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47122 +msgid "" +":issue:`17293`: uuid.getnode() now determines MAC address on AIX using " +"netstat. Based on patch by Aivars Kalvāns." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47125 +msgid "" +":issue:`22769`: Fixed ttk.Treeview.tag_has() when called without arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47127 +msgid ":issue:`22417`: Verify certificates by default in httplib (PEP 476)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47129 +msgid "" +":issue:`22775`: Fixed unpickling of http.cookies.SimpleCookie with protocol " +"2 and above. Patch by Tim Graham." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47132 +msgid "" +":issue:`22776`: Brought excluded code into the scope of a try block in " +"SysLogHandler.emit()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47135 +msgid "" +":issue:`22665`: Add missing get_terminal_size and SameFileError to " +"shutil.__all__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47138 +msgid "" +":issue:`6623`: Remove deprecated Netrc class in the ftplib module. Patch by " +"Matt Chaput." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47141 +msgid "" +":issue:`17381`: Fixed handling of case-insensitive ranges in regular " +"expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47144 +msgid "" +":issue:`22410`: Module level functions in the re module now cache compiled " +"locale-dependent regular expressions taking into account the locale." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47147 +msgid "" +":issue:`22759`: Query methods on pathlib.Path() (exists(), is_dir(), etc.) " +"now return False when the underlying stat call raises NotADirectoryError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47150 +msgid "" +":issue:`8876`: distutils now falls back to copying files when hard linking " +"doesn't work. This allows use with special filesystems such as VirtualBox " +"shared folders." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47154 +msgid ":issue:`22217`: Implemented reprs of classes in the zipfile module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47156 +msgid ":issue:`22457`: Honour load_tests in the start_dir of discovery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47158 +msgid "" +":issue:`18216`: gettext now raises an error when a .mo file has an " +"unsupported major version number. Patch by Aaron Hill." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47161 +msgid "" +":issue:`13918`: Provide a locale.delocalize() function which can remove " +"locale-specific number formatting from a string representing a number, " +"without then converting it to a specific type. Patch by Cédric Krier." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47165 +msgid "" +":issue:`22676`: Make the pickling of global objects which don't have a " +"__module__ attribute less slow." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47168 +msgid ":issue:`18853`: Fixed ResourceWarning in shlex.__nain__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47170 +msgid "" +":issue:`9351`: Defaults set with set_defaults on an argparse subparser are " +"no longer ignored when also set on the parent parser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47173 +msgid "" +":issue:`7559`: unittest test loading ImportErrors are reported as import " +"errors with their import exception rather than as attribute errors after the" +" import has already failed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47177 +msgid "" +":issue:`19746`: Make it possible to examine the errors from unittest " +"discovery without executing the test suite. The new ``errors`` attribute on " +"``TestLoader`` exposes these non-fatal errors encountered during discovery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47182 +msgid "" +":issue:`21991`: Make email.headerregistry's header 'params' attributes be " +"read-only (MappingProxyType). Previously the dictionary was modifiable but " +"a new one was created on each access of the attribute." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47186 +msgid "" +":issue:`22638`: SSLv3 is now disabled throughout the standard library. It " +"can still be enabled by instantiating a SSLContext manually." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47189 +msgid "" +":issue:`22641`: In asyncio, the default SSL context for client connections " +"is now created using ssl.create_default_context(), for stronger security." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47192 +msgid ":issue:`17401`: Include closefd in io.FileIO repr." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47194 +msgid "" +":issue:`21338`: Add silent mode for compileall. quiet parameters of " +"compile_{dir, file, path} functions now have a multilevel value. Also, -q " +"option of the CLI now have a multilevel value. Patch by Thomas Kluyver." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47198 +msgid "" +":issue:`20152`: Convert the array and cmath modules to Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47200 +msgid ":issue:`18643`: Add socket.socketpair() on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47202 +msgid "" +":issue:`22435`: Fix a file descriptor leak when socketserver bind fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47204 +msgid "" +":issue:`13096`: Fixed segfault in CTypes POINTER handling of large values." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47206 +msgid "" +":issue:`11694`: Raise ConversionError in xdrlib as documented. Patch by " +"Filip Gruszczyński and Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47209 +msgid ":issue:`19380`: Optimized parsing of regular expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47211 +msgid "" +":issue:`1519638`: Now unmatched groups are replaced with empty strings in " +"re.sub() and re.subn()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47214 +msgid ":issue:`18615`: sndhdr.what/whathdr now return a namedtuple." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47216 +msgid "" +":issue:`22462`: Fix pyexpat's creation of a dummy frame to make it appear in" +" exception tracebacks." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47219 +msgid "" +":issue:`21965`: Add support for in-memory SSL to the ssl module. Patch by " +"Geert Jansen." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47222 +msgid "" +":issue:`21173`: Fix len() on a WeakKeyDictionary when .clear() was called " +"with an iterator alive." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47225 +msgid "" +":issue:`11866`: Eliminated race condition in the computation of names for " +"new threads." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47228 +msgid "" +":issue:`21905`: Avoid RuntimeError in pickle.whichmodule() when sys.modules " +"is mutated while iterating. Patch by Olivier Grisel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47231 +msgid "" +":issue:`11271`: concurrent.futures.Executor.map() now takes a *chunksize* " +"argument to allow batching of tasks in child processes and improve " +"performance of ProcessPoolExecutor. Patch by Dan O'Reilly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47235 +msgid "" +":issue:`21883`: os.path.join() and os.path.relpath() now raise a TypeError " +"with more helpful error message for unsupported or mismatched types of " +"arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47239 +msgid "" +":issue:`22219`: The zipfile module CLI now adds entries for directories " +"(including empty directories) in ZIP file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47242 +msgid "" +":issue:`22449`: In the ssl.SSLContext.load_default_certs, consult the " +"environmental variables SSL_CERT_DIR and SSL_CERT_FILE on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47245 +msgid "" +":issue:`22508`: The email.__version__ variable has been removed; the email " +"code is no longer shipped separately from the stdlib, and __version__ hasn't" +" been updated in several releases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47249 +msgid "" +":issue:`20076`: Added non derived UTF-8 aliases to locale aliases table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47251 +msgid "" +":issue:`20079`: Added locales supported in glibc 2.18 to locale alias table." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47253 +msgid "" +":issue:`20218`: Added convenience methods read_text/write_text and " +"read_bytes/ write_bytes to pathlib.Path objects." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47256 +msgid "" +":issue:`22396`: On 32-bit AIX platform, don't expose os.posix_fadvise() nor " +"os.posix_fallocate() because their prototypes in system headers are wrong." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47259 +msgid "" +":issue:`22517`: When an io.BufferedRWPair object is deallocated, clear its " +"weakrefs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47262 +msgid "" +":issue:`22437`: Number of capturing groups in regular expression is no " +"longer limited by 100." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47265 +msgid "" +":issue:`17442`: InteractiveInterpreter now displays the full chained " +"traceback in its showtraceback method, to match the built in interactive " +"interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47269 +msgid ":issue:`23392`: Added tests for marshal C API that works with FILE*." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47271 +msgid "" +":issue:`10510`: distutils register and upload methods now use HTML standards" +" compliant CRLF line endings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47274 +msgid "" +":issue:`9850`: Fixed macpath.join() for empty first component. Patch by " +"Oleg Oshmyan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47277 +msgid "" +":issue:`5309`: distutils' build and build_ext commands now accept a ``-j`` " +"option to enable parallel building of extension modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47280 +msgid "" +":issue:`22448`: Improve canceled timer handles cleanup to prevent unbound " +"memory usage. Patch by Joshua Moore-Oliva." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47283 +msgid "" +":issue:`22427`: TemporaryDirectory no longer attempts to clean up twice when" +" used in the with statement in generator." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47286 +msgid "" +":issue:`22362`: Forbidden ambiguous octal escapes out of range 0-0o377 in " +"regular expressions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47289 +msgid "" +":issue:`20912`: Now directories added to ZIP file have correct Unix and MS-" +"DOS directory attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47292 +msgid "" +":issue:`21866`: ZipFile.close() no longer writes ZIP64 central directory " +"records if allowZip64 is false." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47295 +msgid "" +":issue:`22278`: Fix urljoin problem with relative urls, a regression " +"observed after changes to issue22118 were submitted." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47298 +msgid "" +":issue:`22415`: Fixed debugging output of the GROUPREF_EXISTS opcode in the " +"re module. Removed trailing spaces in debugging output." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47301 +msgid "" +":issue:`22423`: Unhandled exception in thread no longer causes unhandled " +"AttributeError when sys.stderr is None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47304 +msgid "" +":issue:`21332`: Ensure that ``bufsize=1`` in subprocess.Popen() selects line" +" buffering, rather than block buffering. Patch by Akira Li." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47307 +msgid "" +":issue:`21091`: Fix API bug: email.message.EmailMessage.is_attachment is now" +" a method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47310 +msgid "" +":issue:`21079`: Fix email.message.EmailMessage.is_attachment to return the " +"correct result when the header has parameters as well as a value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47313 +msgid ":issue:`22247`: Add NNTPError to nntplib.__all__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47315 +msgid "" +":issue:`22366`: urllib.request.urlopen will accept a context object " +"(SSLContext) as an argument which will then be used for HTTPS connection. " +"Patch by Alex Gaynor." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47319 +msgid "" +":issue:`4180`: The warnings registries are now reset when the filters are " +"modified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47322 +msgid "" +":issue:`22419`: Limit the length of incoming HTTP request in wsgiref server " +"to 65536 bytes and send a 414 error code for higher lengths. Patch " +"contributed by Devin Cook." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47326 +msgid "" +"Lax cookie parsing in http.cookies could be a security issue when combined " +"with non-standard cookie handling in some web browsers. Reported by Sergey " +"Bobrov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47330 +msgid "" +":issue:`20537`: logging methods now accept an exception instance as well as " +"a Boolean value or exception tuple. Thanks to Yury Selivanov for the patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47333 +msgid "" +":issue:`22384`: An exception in Tkinter callback no longer crashes the " +"program when it is run with pythonw.exe." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47336 +msgid "" +":issue:`22168`: Prevent turtle AttributeError with non-default Canvas on OS " +"X." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47338 +msgid "" +":issue:`21147`: sqlite3 now raises an exception if the request contains a " +"null character instead of truncating it. Based on patch by Victor Stinner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47341 +msgid "" +":issue:`13968`: The glob module now supports recursive search in " +"subdirectories using the ``**`` pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47344 +msgid "" +":issue:`21951`: Fixed a crash in Tkinter on AIX when called Tcl command with" +" empty string or tuple argument." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47347 +msgid "" +":issue:`21951`: Tkinter now most likely raises MemoryError instead of crash " +"if the memory allocation fails." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47350 +msgid "" +":issue:`22338`: Fix a crash in the json module on memory allocation failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47352 +msgid "" +":issue:`12410`: imaplib.IMAP4 now supports the context management protocol. " +"Original patch by Tarek Ziadé." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47355 +msgid "" +":issue:`21270`: We now override tuple methods in mock.call objects so that " +"they can be used as normal call attributes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47358 +msgid "" +":issue:`16662`: ``load_tests()`` is now unconditionally run when it is " +"present in a package's ``__init__.py``. " +"``TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule()`` still accepts use_load_tests, but it is" +" deprecated and ignored. A new keyword-only attribute ``pattern`` is added " +"and documented. Patch given by Robert Collins, tweaked by Barry Warsaw." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47364 +msgid "" +":issue:`22226`: First letter no longer is stripped from the \"status\" key " +"in the result of Treeview.heading()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47367 +msgid "" +":issue:`19524`: Fixed resource leak in the HTTP connection when an invalid " +"response is received. Patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47370 +msgid "" +":issue:`20421`: Add a .version() method to SSL sockets exposing the actual " +"protocol version in use." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47373 +msgid "" +":issue:`19546`: configparser exceptions no longer expose implementation " +"details. Chained KeyErrors are removed, which leads to cleaner tracebacks. " +"Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47377 +msgid "" +":issue:`22051`: turtledemo no longer reloads examples to re-run them. " +"Initialization of variables and gui setup should be done in main(), which is" +" called each time a demo is run, but not on import." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47381 +msgid "" +":issue:`21933`: Turtledemo users can change the code font size with a menu " +"selection or control(command) '-' or '+' or control-mousewheel. Original " +"patch by Lita Cho." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47385 +msgid "" +":issue:`21597`: The separator between the turtledemo text pane and the " +"drawing canvas can now be grabbed and dragged with a mouse. The code text " +"pane can be widened to easily view or copy the full width of the text. The " +"canvas can be widened on small screens. Original patches by Jan Kanis and " +"Lita Cho." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47391 +msgid "" +":issue:`18132`: Turtledemo buttons no longer disappear when the window is " +"shrunk. Original patches by Jan Kanis and Lita Cho." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47394 +msgid "" +":issue:`22043`: time.monotonic() is now always available. " +"``threading.Lock.acquire()``, ``threading.RLock.acquire()`` and socket " +"operations now use a monotonic clock, instead of the system clock, when a " +"timeout is used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47399 +msgid "" +":issue:`21527`: Add a default number of workers to ThreadPoolExecutor equal " +"to 5 times the number of CPUs. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47402 +msgid "" +":issue:`22216`: smtplib now resets its state more completely after a quit. " +"The most obvious consequence of the previous behavior was a STARTTLS failure" +" during a connect/starttls/quit/connect/starttls sequence." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47406 +msgid "" +":issue:`22098`: ctypes' BigEndianStructure and LittleEndianStructure now " +"define an empty __slots__ so that subclasses don't always get an instance " +"dict. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47410 +msgid "" +":issue:`22185`: Fix an occasional RuntimeError in threading.Condition.wait()" +" caused by mutation of the waiters queue without holding the lock. Patch by" +" Doug Zongker." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47414 +msgid "" +":issue:`22287`: On UNIX, _PyTime_gettimeofday() now uses " +"clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME) if available. As a side effect, Python now " +"depends on the librt library on Solaris and on Linux (only with glibc older " +"than 2.17)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47419 +msgid "" +":issue:`22182`: Use e.args to unpack exceptions correctly in " +"distutils.file_util.move_file. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47422 +msgid "" +"The webbrowser module now uses subprocess's start_new_session=True rather " +"than a potentially risky preexec_fn=os.setsid call." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47425 +msgid "" +":issue:`22042`: signal.set_wakeup_fd(fd) now raises an exception if the file" +" descriptor is in blocking mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47428 +msgid "" +":issue:`16808`: inspect.stack() now returns a named tuple instead of a " +"tuple. Patch by Daniel Shahaf." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47431 +msgid "" +":issue:`22236`: Fixed Tkinter images copying operations in NoDefaultRoot " +"mode." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47433 +msgid "" +":issue:`2527`: Add a *globals* argument to timeit functions, in order to " +"override the globals namespace in which the timed code is executed. Patch by" +" Ben Roberts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47437 +msgid "" +":issue:`22118`: Switch urllib.parse to use RFC 3986 semantics for the " +"resolution of relative URLs, rather than RFCs 1808 and 2396. Patch by Demian" +" Brecht." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47441 +msgid ":issue:`21549`: Added the \"members\" parameter to TarFile.list()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47443 +msgid "" +":issue:`19628`: Allow compileall recursion depth to be specified with a -r " +"option." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47446 +msgid "" +":issue:`15696`: Add a __sizeof__ implementation for mmap objects on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47448 +msgid "" +":issue:`22068`: Avoided reference loops with Variables and Fonts in Tkinter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47450 +msgid "" +":issue:`22165`: SimpleHTTPRequestHandler now supports undecodable file " +"names." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47452 +msgid ":issue:`15381`: Optimized line reading in io.BytesIO." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47454 +msgid "" +":issue:`8797`: Raise HTTPError on failed Basic Authentication immediately. " +"Initial patch by Sam Bull." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47457 +msgid "" +":issue:`20729`: Restored the use of lazy iterkeys()/itervalues()/iteritems()" +" in the mailbox module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47460 +msgid "" +":issue:`21448`: Changed FeedParser feed() to avoid *O*\\ (*n*\\ :sup:`2`) " +"behavior when parsing long line. Original patch by Raymond Hettinger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47463 +msgid "" +":issue:`22184`: The functools LRU Cache decorator factory now gives an " +"earlier and clearer error message when the user forgets the required " +"parameters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47466 +msgid "" +":issue:`17923`: glob() patterns ending with a slash no longer match non-dirs" +" on AIX. Based on patch by Delhallt." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47469 +msgid ":issue:`21725`: Added support for RFC 6531 (SMTPUTF8) in smtpd." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47471 +msgid "" +":issue:`22176`: Update the ctypes module's libffi to v3.1. This release " +"adds support for the Linux AArch64 and POWERPC ELF ABIv2 little endian " +"architectures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47475 +msgid "" +":issue:`5411`: Added support for the \"xztar\" format in the shutil module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47477 +msgid "" +":issue:`21121`: Don't force 3rd party C extensions to be built with " +"-Werror=declaration-after-statement." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47480 +msgid "" +":issue:`21975`: Fixed crash when using uninitialized sqlite3.Row (in " +"particular when unpickling pickled sqlite3.Row). sqlite3.Row is now " +"initialized in the __new__() method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47484 +msgid ":issue:`20170`: Convert posixmodule to use Argument Clinic." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47486 +msgid "" +":issue:`21539`: Add an *exists_ok* argument to ``Pathlib.mkdir()`` to mimic " +"``mkdir -p`` and ``os.makedirs()`` functionality. When true, ignore " +"``FileExistsErrors``. Patch by Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47490 +msgid "" +":issue:`22127`: Bypass IDNA for pure-ASCII host names in the socket module " +"(in particular for numeric IPs)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47493 +msgid "" +":issue:`21047`: set the default value for the *convert_charrefs* argument of" +" HTMLParser to True. Patch by Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47496 +msgid "Add an __all__ to html.entities." +msgstr "在 html.entities 包中增加 __all__ 变量。" + +#: ../NEWS:47498 +msgid "" +":issue:`15114`: the strict mode and argument of HTMLParser, " +"HTMLParser.error, and the HTMLParserError exception have been removed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47501 +msgid ":issue:`22085`: Dropped support of Tk 8.3 in Tkinter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47503 +msgid "" +":issue:`21580`: Now Tkinter correctly handles bytes arguments passed to Tk. " +"In particular this allows initializing images from binary data." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47506 +msgid "" +":issue:`22003`: When initialized from a bytes object, io.BytesIO() now " +"defers making a copy until it is mutated, improving performance and memory " +"use on some use cases. Patch by David Wilson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47510 +msgid "" +":issue:`22018`: On Windows, signal.set_wakeup_fd() now also supports " +"sockets. A side effect is that Python depends to the WinSock library." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47513 +msgid "" +":issue:`22054`: Add os.get_blocking() and os.set_blocking() functions to get" +" and set the blocking mode of a file descriptor (False if the O_NONBLOCK " +"flag is set, True otherwise). These functions are not available on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47518 +msgid "" +":issue:`17172`: Make turtledemo start as active on OS X even when run with " +"subprocess. Patch by Lita Cho." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47521 +msgid "" +":issue:`21704`: Fix build error for _multiprocessing when semaphores are not" +" available. Patch by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47524 +msgid "" +":issue:`20173`: Convert sha1, sha256, sha512 and md5 to ArgumentClinic. " +"Patch by Vajrasky Kok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47527 +msgid "" +"Fix repr(_socket.socket) on Windows 64-bit: don't fail with OverflowError on" +" closed socket. repr(socket.socket) already works fine." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47530 +msgid "" +":issue:`22033`: Reprs of most Python implemented classes now contain actual " +"class name instead of hardcoded one." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47533 +msgid "" +":issue:`21947`: The dis module can now disassemble generator-iterator " +"objects based on their gi_code attribute. Patch by Clement Rouault." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47536 +msgid "" +":issue:`16133`: The asynchat.async_chat.handle_read() method now ignores " +"BlockingIOError exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47539 +msgid "" +":issue:`22044`: Fixed premature DECREF in call_tzinfo_method. Patch by Tom " +"Flanagan." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47542 +msgid "" +":issue:`19884`: readline: Disable the meta modifier key if stdout is not a " +"terminal to not write the ANSI sequence ``\"\\033[1034h\"`` into stdout. " +"This sequence is used on some terminal (ex: TERM=xterm-256color\") to enable" +" support of 8 bit characters." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47547 +msgid "" +":issue:`4350`: Removed a number of out-of-dated and non-working for a long " +"time Tkinter methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47550 +msgid "" +":issue:`6167`: Scrollbar.activate() now returns the name of active element " +"if the argument is not specified. Scrollbar.set() now always accepts only 2" +" arguments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47554 +msgid ":issue:`15275`: Clean up and speed up the ntpath module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47556 +msgid "" +":issue:`21888`: plistlib's load() and loads() now work if the fmt parameter " +"is specified." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47559 +msgid "" +":issue:`22032`: __qualname__ instead of __name__ is now always used to " +"format fully qualified class names of Python implemented classes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47562 +msgid "" +":issue:`22031`: Reprs now always use hexadecimal format with the \"0x\" " +"prefix when contain an id in form \" at 0x...\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47565 +msgid "" +":issue:`22018`: signal.set_wakeup_fd() now raises an OSError instead of a " +"ValueError on ``fstat()`` failure." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47568 +msgid "" +":issue:`21044`: tarfile.open() now handles fileobj with an integer 'name' " +"attribute. Based on patch by Antoine Pietri." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47571 +msgid "" +":issue:`21966`: Respect -q command-line option when code module is ran." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47573 +msgid "" +":issue:`19076`: Don't pass the redundant 'file' argument to self.error()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47575 +msgid "" +":issue:`16382`: Improve exception message of warnings.warn() for bad " +"category. Initial patch by Phil Elson." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47578 +msgid "" +":issue:`21932`: os.read() now uses a :c:func:`Py_ssize_t` type instead of " +":c:expr:`int` for the size to support reading more than 2 GB at once. On " +"Windows, the size is truncated to INT_MAX. As any call to os.read(), the OS " +"may read less bytes than the number of requested bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47583 +msgid "" +":issue:`21942`: Fixed source file viewing in pydoc's server mode on Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47585 +msgid "" +":issue:`11259`: asynchat.async_chat().set_terminator() now raises a " +"ValueError if the number of received bytes is negative." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47588 +msgid "" +":issue:`12523`: asynchat.async_chat.push() now raises a TypeError if it " +"doesn't get a bytes string" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47591 +msgid "" +":issue:`21707`: Add missing kwonlyargcount argument to " +"ModuleFinder.replace_paths_in_code()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47594 +msgid "" +":issue:`20639`: calling Path.with_suffix('') allows removing the suffix " +"again. Patch by July Tikhonov." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47597 +msgid "" +":issue:`21714`: Disallow the construction of invalid paths using " +"Path.with_name(). Original patch by Antony Lee." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47600 +msgid "" +":issue:`15014`: Added 'auth' method to smtplib to make implementing auth " +"mechanisms simpler, and used it internally in the login method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47603 +msgid "" +":issue:`21151`: Fixed a segfault in the winreg module when ``None`` is " +"passed as a ``REG_BINARY`` value to SetValueEx. Patch by John Ehresman." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47606 +msgid "" +":issue:`21090`: io.FileIO.readall() does not ignore I/O errors anymore. " +"Before, it ignored I/O errors if at least the first C call read() succeed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47609 +msgid "" +":issue:`5800`: headers parameter of wsgiref.headers.Headers is now optional." +" Initial patch by Pablo Torres Navarrete and SilentGhost." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47612 +msgid ":issue:`21781`: ssl.RAND_add() now supports strings longer than 2 GB." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47614 +msgid "" +":issue:`21679`: Prevent extraneous fstat() calls during open(). Patch by " +"Bohuslav Kabrda." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47617 +msgid "" +":issue:`21863`: cProfile now displays the module name of C extension " +"functions, in addition to their own name." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47620 +msgid "" +":issue:`11453`: asyncore: emit a ResourceWarning when an unclosed " +"file_wrapper object is destroyed. The destructor now closes the file if " +"needed. The close() method can now be called twice: the second call does " +"nothing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47624 +msgid "" +":issue:`21858`: Better handling of Python exceptions in the sqlite3 module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47626 +msgid "" +":issue:`21476`: Make sure the email.parser.BytesParser TextIOWrapper is " +"discarded after parsing, so the input file isn't unexpectedly closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47629 +msgid ":issue:`20295`: imghdr now recognizes OpenEXR format images." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47631 +msgid "" +":issue:`21729`: Used the \"with\" statement in the dbm.dumb module to ensure" +" files closing. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47634 +msgid "" +":issue:`21491`: socketserver: Fix a race condition in child processes " +"reaping." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47636 +msgid "" +":issue:`21719`: Added the ``st_file_attributes`` field to os.stat_result on " +"Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47639 +msgid ":issue:`21832`: Require named tuple inputs to be exact strings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47641 +msgid "" +":issue:`21722`: The distutils \"upload\" command now exits with a non-zero " +"return code when uploading fails. Patch by Martin Dengler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47644 +msgid "" +":issue:`21723`: asyncio.Queue: support any type of number (ex: float) for " +"the maximum size. Patch written by Vajrasky Kok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47647 +msgid "" +":issue:`21711`: support for \"site-python\" directories has now been removed" +" from the site module (it was deprecated in 3.4)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47650 +msgid "" +":issue:`17552`: new socket.sendfile() method allowing a file to be sent over" +" a socket by using high-performance os.sendfile() on UNIX. Patch by " +"Giampaolo Rodola'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47654 +msgid "" +":issue:`18039`: dbm.dump.open() now always creates a new database when the " +"flag has the value 'n'. Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47657 +msgid "" +":issue:`21326`: Add a new is_closed() method to asyncio.BaseEventLoop. " +"run_forever() and run_until_complete() methods of asyncio.BaseEventLoop now " +"raise an exception if the event loop was closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47661 +msgid "" +":issue:`21766`: Prevent a security hole in CGIHTTPServer by URL unquoting " +"paths before checking for a CGI script at that path." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47664 +msgid ":issue:`21310`: Fixed possible resource leak in failed open()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47666 +msgid "" +":issue:`21256`: Printout of keyword args should be in deterministic order in" +" a mock function call. This will help to write better doctests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47669 +msgid "" +":issue:`21677`: Fixed chaining nonnormalized exceptions in io close() " +"methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47671 +msgid "" +":issue:`11709`: Fix the pydoc.help function to not fail when sys.stdin is " +"not a valid file." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47674 +msgid "" +":issue:`21515`: tempfile.TemporaryFile now uses os.O_TMPFILE flag is " +"available." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47676 +msgid "" +":issue:`13223`: Fix pydoc.writedoc so that the HTML documentation for " +"methods that use 'self' in the example code is generated correctly." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47679 +msgid ":issue:`21463`: In urllib.request, fix pruning of the FTP cache." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47681 +msgid "" +":issue:`21618`: The subprocess module could fail to close open fds that were" +" inherited by the calling process and already higher than POSIX resource " +"limits would otherwise allow. On systems with a functioning /proc/self/fd " +"or /dev/fd interface the max is now ignored and all fds are closed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47686 +msgid "" +":issue:`20383`: Introduce importlib.util.module_from_spec() as the preferred" +" way to create a new module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47689 +msgid "" +":issue:`21552`: Fixed possible integer overflow of too long string lengths " +"in the tkinter module on 64-bit platforms." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47692 +msgid "" +":issue:`14315`: The zipfile module now ignores extra fields in the central " +"directory that are too short to be parsed instead of letting a struct.unpack" +" error bubble up as this \"bad data\" appears in many real world zip files " +"in the wild and is ignored by other zip tools." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47697 +msgid "" +":issue:`13742`: Added \"key\" and \"reverse\" parameters to heapq.merge(). " +"(First draft of patch contributed by Simon Sapin.)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47700 +msgid "" +":issue:`21402`: tkinter.ttk now works when default root window is not set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47702 +msgid "" +":issue:`3015`: ``_tkinter.create()`` now creates ``tkapp`` object with " +"``wantobjects=1`` by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47705 +msgid "" +":issue:`10203`: sqlite3.Row now truly supports sequence protocol. In " +"particular it supports reverse() and negative indices. Original patch by " +"Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47709 +msgid "" +":issue:`18807`: If copying (no symlinks) specified for a venv, then the " +"python interpreter aliases (python, python3) are now created by copying " +"rather than symlinking." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47713 +msgid "" +":issue:`20197`: Added support for the WebP image type in the imghdr module. " +"Patch by Fabrice Aneche and Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47716 +msgid "" +":issue:`21513`: Speedup some properties of IP addresses (IPv4Address, " +"IPv6Address) such as .is_private or .is_multicast." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47719 +msgid "" +":issue:`21137`: Improve the repr for threading.Lock() and its variants by " +"showing the \"locked\" or \"unlocked\" status. Patch by Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47722 +msgid "" +":issue:`21538`: The plistlib module now supports loading of binary plist " +"files when reference or offset size is not a power of two." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47725 +msgid ":issue:`21455`: Add a default backlog to socket.listen()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47727 +msgid "" +":issue:`21525`: Most Tkinter methods which accepted tuples now accept lists " +"too." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47730 +msgid "" +":issue:`22166`: With the assistance of a new internal _codecs._forget_codec " +"helping function, test_codecs now clears the encoding caches to avoid the " +"appearance of a reference leak" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47734 +msgid "" +":issue:`22236`: Tkinter tests now don't reuse default root window. New root" +" window is created for every test class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47737 +msgid "" +":issue:`10744`: Fix :pep:`3118` format strings on ctypes objects with a " +"nontrivial shape." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47740 +msgid ":issue:`20826`: Optimize ipaddress.collapse_addresses()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47742 +msgid "" +":issue:`21487`: Optimize ipaddress.summarize_address_range() and " +"ipaddress.{IPv4Network,IPv6Network}.subnets()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47745 +msgid "" +":issue:`21486`: Optimize parsing of netmasks in ipaddress.IPv4Network and " +"ipaddress.IPv6Network." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47748 +msgid "" +":issue:`13916`: Disallowed the surrogatepass error handler for non UTF-\\* " +"encodings." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47751 +msgid "" +":issue:`20998`: Fixed re.fullmatch() of repeated single character pattern " +"with ignore case. Original patch by Matthew Barnett." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47754 +msgid "" +":issue:`21075`: fileinput.FileInput now reads bytes from standard stream if " +"binary mode is specified. Patch by Sam Kimbrel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47757 +msgid "" +":issue:`19775`: Add a samefile() method to pathlib Path objects. Initial " +"patch by Vajrasky Kok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47760 +msgid "" +":issue:`21226`: Set up modules properly in PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject " +"(and friends)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47763 +msgid "" +":issue:`21398`: Fix a unicode error in the pydoc pager when the " +"documentation contains characters not encodable to the stdout encoding." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47766 +msgid "" +":issue:`16531`: ipaddress.IPv4Network and ipaddress.IPv6Network now accept " +"an (address, netmask) tuple argument, so as to easily construct network " +"objects from existing addresses." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47770 +msgid "" +":issue:`21156`: importlib.abc.InspectLoader.source_to_code() is now a " +"staticmethod." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47773 +msgid "" +":issue:`21424`: Simplified and optimized heaqp.nlargest() and nmsmallest() " +"to make fewer tuple comparisons." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47776 +msgid "" +":issue:`21396`: Fix TextIOWrapper(..., write_through=True) to not force a " +"flush() on the underlying binary stream. Patch by akira." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47779 +msgid "" +":issue:`18314`: Unlink now removes junctions on Windows. Patch by Kim " +"Gräsman" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47781 +msgid "" +":issue:`21088`: Bugfix for curses.window.addch() regression in 3.4.0. In " +"porting to Argument Clinic, the first two arguments were reversed." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47784 +msgid ":issue:`21407`: _decimal: The module now supports function signatures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47786 +msgid "" +":issue:`10650`: Remove the non-standard 'watchexp' parameter from the " +"Decimal.quantize() method in the Python version. It had never been present " +"in the C version." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47790 +msgid "" +":issue:`21469`: Reduced the risk of false positives in robotparser by " +"checking to make sure that robots.txt has been read or does not exist prior " +"to returning True in can_fetch()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47794 +msgid "" +":issue:`19414`: Have the OrderedDict mark deleted links as unusable. This " +"gives an early failure if the link is deleted during iteration." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47797 +msgid "" +":issue:`21421`: Add __slots__ to the MappingViews ABC. Patch by Josh " +"Rosenberg." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47799 +msgid "" +":issue:`21101`: Eliminate double hashing in the C speed-up code for " +"collections.Counter()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47802 +msgid "" +":issue:`21321`: itertools.islice() now releases the reference to the source " +"iterator when the slice is exhausted. Patch by Anton Afanasyev." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47805 +msgid "" +":issue:`21057`: TextIOWrapper now allows the underlying binary stream's " +"read() or read1() method to return an arbitrary bytes-like object (such as a" +" memoryview). Patch by Nikolaus Rath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47809 +msgid "" +":issue:`20951`: SSLSocket.send() now raises either SSLWantReadError or " +"SSLWantWriteError on a non-blocking socket if the operation would block. " +"Previously, it would return 0. Patch by Nikolaus Rath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47813 +msgid "" +":issue:`13248`: removed previously deprecated asyncore.dispatcher " +"__getattr__ cheap inheritance hack." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47816 +msgid "" +":issue:`9815`: assertRaises now tries to clear references to local variables" +" in the exception's traceback." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47819 +msgid "" +":issue:`19940`: ssl.cert_time_to_seconds() now interprets the given time " +"string in the UTC timezone (as specified in RFC 5280), not the local " +"timezone." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47822 +msgid "" +":issue:`13204`: Calling sys.flags.__new__ would crash the interpreter, now " +"it raises a TypeError." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47825 +msgid "" +":issue:`19385`: Make operations on a closed dbm.dumb database always raise " +"the same exception." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47828 +msgid "" +":issue:`21207`: Detect when the os.urandom cached fd has been closed or " +"replaced, and open it anew." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47831 +msgid "" +":issue:`21291`: subprocess's Popen.wait() is now thread safe so that " +"multiple threads may be calling wait() or poll() on a Popen instance at the " +"same time without losing the Popen.returncode value." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47835 +msgid "" +":issue:`21127`: Path objects can now be instantiated from str subclass " +"instances (such as ``numpy.str_``)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47838 +msgid "" +":issue:`15002`: urllib.response object to use _TemporaryFileWrapper (and " +"_TemporaryFileCloser) facility. Provides a better way to handle file " +"descriptor close. Patch contributed by Christian Theune." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47842 +msgid "" +":issue:`12220`: mindom now raises a custom ValueError indicating it doesn't " +"support spaces in URIs instead of letting a 'split' ValueError bubble up." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47845 +msgid ":issue:`21068`: The ssl.PROTOCOL* constants are now enum members." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47847 +msgid "" +":issue:`21276`: posixmodule: Don't define USE_XATTRS on KFreeBSD and the " +"Hurd." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47849 +msgid "" +":issue:`21262`: New method assert_not_called for Mock. It raises " +"AssertionError if the mock has been called." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47852 +msgid "" +":issue:`21238`: New keyword argument ``unsafe`` to Mock. It raises " +"``AttributeError`` incase of an attribute startswith assert or assret." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47855 +msgid "" +":issue:`20896`: ssl.get_server_certificate() now uses PROTOCOL_SSLv23, not " +"PROTOCOL_SSLv3, for maximum compatibility." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47858 +msgid "" +":issue:`21239`: patch.stopall() didn't work deterministically when the same " +"name was patched more than once." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47861 +msgid "" +":issue:`21203`: Updated fileConfig and dictConfig to remove inconsistencies." +" Thanks to Jure Koren for the patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47864 +msgid "" +":issue:`21222`: Passing name keyword argument to mock.create_autospec now " +"works." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47867 +msgid "" +":issue:`21197`: Add lib64 -> lib symlink in venvs on 64-bit non-OS X POSIX." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47869 +msgid "" +":issue:`17498`: Some SMTP servers disconnect after certain errors, violating" +" strict RFC conformance. Instead of losing the error code when we issue the" +" subsequent RSET, smtplib now returns the error code and defers raising the " +"SMTPServerDisconnected error until the next command is issued." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47874 +msgid "" +":issue:`17826`: setting an iterable side_effect on a mock function created " +"by create_autospec now works. Patch by Kushal Das." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47877 +msgid "" +":issue:`7776`: Fix ``Host:`` header and reconnection when using " +"http.client.HTTPConnection.set_tunnel(). Patch by Nikolaus Rath." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47880 +msgid "" +":issue:`20968`: unittest.mock.MagicMock now supports division. Patch by " +"Johannes Baiter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47883 +msgid "" +":issue:`21529`: Fix arbitrary memory access in JSONDecoder.raw_decode with a" +" negative second parameter. Bug reported by Guido Vranken. (See also: " +":cve:`2014-4616`)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47887 +msgid "" +":issue:`21169`: getpass now handles non-ascii characters that the input " +"stream encoding cannot encode by re-encoding using the replace error " +"handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47890 +msgid "" +":issue:`21171`: Fixed undocumented filter API of the rot13 codec. Patch by " +"Berker Peksag." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47893 +msgid "" +":issue:`20539`: Improved math.factorial error message for large positive " +"inputs and changed exception type (OverflowError -> ValueError) for large " +"negative inputs." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47897 +msgid "" +":issue:`21172`: isinstance check relaxed from dict to collections.Mapping." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47899 +msgid "" +":issue:`21155`: asyncio.EventLoop.create_unix_server() now raises a " +"ValueError if path and sock are specified at the same time." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47902 +msgid "" +":issue:`21136`: Avoid unnecessary normalization of Fractions resulting from " +"power and other operations. Patch by Raymond Hettinger." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47905 +msgid ":issue:`17621`: Introduce importlib.util.LazyLoader." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47907 +msgid "" +":issue:`21076`: signal module constants were turned into enums. Patch by " +"Giampaolo Rodola'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47910 +msgid ":issue:`20636`: Improved the repr of Tkinter widgets." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47912 +msgid "" +":issue:`19505`: The items, keys, and values views of OrderedDict now support" +" reverse iteration using reversed()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47915 +msgid "" +":issue:`21149`: Improved thread-safety in logging cleanup during interpreter" +" shutdown. Thanks to Devin Jeanpierre for the patch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47918 +msgid "" +":issue:`21058`: Fix a leak of file descriptor in " +":func:`tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile`, close the file descriptor if " +":func:`io.open` fails" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47922 +msgid "" +":issue:`21200`: Return None from pkgutil.get_loader() when __spec__ is " +"missing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47924 +msgid "" +":issue:`21013`: Enhance ssl.create_default_context() when used for server " +"side sockets to provide better security by default." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47927 +msgid "" +":issue:`20145`: ``assertRaisesRegex`` and ``assertWarnsRegex`` now raise a " +"``TypeError`` if the second argument is not a string or compiled regex." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47930 +msgid ":issue:`20633`: Replace relative import by absolute import." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47932 +msgid ":issue:`20980`: Stop wrapping exception when using ThreadPool." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47934 +msgid "" +":issue:`21082`: In os.makedirs, do not set the process-wide umask. Note this" +" changes behavior of makedirs when exist_ok=True." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47937 +msgid ":issue:`20990`: Fix issues found by pyflakes for multiprocessing." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47939 +msgid "" +":issue:`21015`: SSL contexts will now automatically select an elliptic curve" +" for ECDH key exchange on OpenSSL 1.0.2 and later, and otherwise default to " +"\"prime256v1\"." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47943 +msgid ":issue:`21000`: Improve the command-line interface of json.tool." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47945 +msgid "" +":issue:`20995`: Enhance default ciphers used by the ssl module to enable " +"better security and prioritize perfect forward secrecy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47948 +msgid "" +":issue:`20884`: Don't assume that __file__ is defined on importlib.__init__." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47950 +msgid "" +":issue:`21499`: Ignore __builtins__ in several test_importlib.test_api " +"tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47952 +msgid ":issue:`20627`: xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy is now a context manager." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47954 +msgid "" +":issue:`19165`: The formatter module now raises DeprecationWarning instead " +"of PendingDeprecationWarning." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47957 +msgid "" +":issue:`13936`: Remove the ability of datetime.time instances to be " +"considered false in boolean contexts." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47960 +msgid "" +":issue:`18931`: selectors module now supports /dev/poll on Solaris. Patch by" +" Giampaolo Rodola'." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47963 +msgid "" +":issue:`19977`: When the ``LC_TYPE`` locale is the POSIX locale (``C`` " +"locale), :py:data:`sys.stdin` and :py:data:`sys.stdout` are now using the " +"``surrogateescape`` error handler, instead of the ``strict`` error handler." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47968 +msgid "" +":issue:`20574`: Implement incremental decoder for cp65001 code (Windows code" +" page 65001, Microsoft UTF-8)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47971 +msgid "" +":issue:`20879`: Delay the initialization of encoding and decoding tables for" +" base32, ascii85 and base85 codecs in the base64 module, and delay the " +"initialization of the unquote_to_bytes() table of the urllib.parse module, " +"to not waste memory if these modules are not used." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47976 +msgid "" +":issue:`19157`: Include the broadcast address in the usuable hosts for IPv6 " +"in ipaddress." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47979 +msgid "" +":issue:`11599`: When an external command (e.g. compiler) fails, distutils " +"now prints out the whole command line (instead of just the command name) if " +"the environment variable DISTUTILS_DEBUG is set." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47983 +msgid "" +":issue:`4931`: distutils should not produce unhelpful \"error: None\" " +"messages anymore. distutils.util.grok_environment_error is kept but doc-" +"deprecated." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47986 +msgid "" +":issue:`20875`: Prevent possible gzip \"'read' is not defined\" NameError. " +"Patch by Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47989 +msgid "" +":issue:`11558`: ``email.message.Message.attach`` now returns a more useful " +"error message if ``attach`` is called on a message for which " +"``is_multipart`` is False." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47993 +msgid "" +":issue:`20283`: RE pattern methods now accept the string keyword parameters " +"as documented. The pattern and source keyword parameters are left as " +"deprecated aliases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47997 +msgid ":issue:`20778`: Fix modulefinder to work with bytecode-only modules." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:47999 +msgid "" +":issue:`20791`: copy.copy() now doesn't make a copy when the input is a " +"bytes object. Initial patch by Peter Otten." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48002 +msgid "" +":issue:`19748`: On AIX, time.mktime() now raises an OverflowError for year " +"outsize range [1902; 2037]." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48005 +msgid "" +":issue:`19573`: inspect.signature: Use enum for parameter kind constants." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48007 +msgid "" +":issue:`20726`: inspect.signature: Make Signature and Parameter picklable." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48009 +msgid ":issue:`17373`: Add inspect.Signature.from_callable method." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48011 +msgid "" +":issue:`20378`: Improve repr of inspect.Signature and inspect.Parameter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48013 +msgid "" +":issue:`20816`: Fix inspect.getcallargs() to raise correct TypeError for " +"missing keyword-only arguments. Patch by Jeremiah Lowin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48016 +msgid "" +":issue:`20817`: Fix inspect.getcallargs() to fail correctly if more than 3 " +"arguments are missing. Patch by Jeremiah Lowin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48019 +msgid "" +":issue:`6676`: Ensure a meaningful exception is raised when attempting to " +"parse more than one XML document per pyexpat xmlparser instance. (Original " +"patches by Hirokazu Yamamoto and Amaury Forgeot d'Arc, with suggested " +"wording by David Gutteridge)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48024 +msgid "" +":issue:`21117`: Fix inspect.signature to better support functools.partial. " +"Due to the specifics of functools.partial implementation, positional-or-" +"keyword arguments passed as keyword arguments become keyword-only." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48029 +msgid "" +":issue:`20334`: inspect.Signature and inspect.Parameter are now hashable. " +"Thanks to Antony Lee for bug reports and suggestions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48032 +msgid "" +":issue:`15916`: doctest.DocTestSuite returns an empty unittest.TestSuite " +"instead of raising ValueError if it finds no tests" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48035 +msgid "" +":issue:`21209`: Fix asyncio.tasks.CoroWrapper to workaround a bug in yield-" +"from implementation in CPythons prior to 3.4.1." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48038 +msgid "" +"asyncio: Add gi_{frame,running,code} properties to CoroWrapper (upstream " +":issue:`163`)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48041 +msgid "" +":issue:`21311`: Avoid exception in _osx_support with non-standard compiler " +"configurations. Patch by John Szakmeister." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48044 +msgid "" +":issue:`11571`: Ensure that the turtle window becomes the topmost window " +"when launched on OS X." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48047 +msgid "" +":issue:`21801`: Validate that __signature__ is None or an instance of " +"Signature." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48050 +msgid "" +":issue:`21923`: Prevent AttributeError in " +"distutils.sysconfig.customize_compiler due to possible uninitialized " +"_config_vars." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48054 +msgid "" +":issue:`21323`: Fix http.server to again handle scripts in CGI " +"subdirectories, broken by the fix for security :issue:`19435`. Patch by " +"Zach Byrne." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48057 +msgid "" +":issue:`22733`: Fix ffi_prep_args not zero-extending argument values " +"correctly on 64-bit Windows." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48060 +msgid "" +":issue:`23302`: Default to TCP_NODELAY=1 upon establishing an " +"HTTPConnection. Removed use of hard-coded MSS as it's an optimization that's" +" no longer needed with Nagle disabled." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48067 +msgid "" +":issue:`20577`: Configuration of the max line length for the FormatParagraph" +" extension has been moved from the General tab of the Idle preferences " +"dialog to the FormatParagraph tab of the Config Extensions dialog. Patch by " +"Tal Einat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48072 +msgid "" +":issue:`16893`: Update Idle doc chapter to match current Idle and add new " +"information." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48075 +msgid "" +":issue:`3068`: Add Idle extension configuration dialog to Options menu. " +"Changes are written to HOME/.idlerc/config-extensions.cfg. Original patch by" +" Tal Einat." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48079 +msgid "" +":issue:`16233`: A module browser (File : Class Browser, Alt+C) requires an " +"editor window with a filename. When Class Browser is requested otherwise, " +"from a shell, output window, or 'Untitled' editor, Idle no longer displays " +"an error box. It now pops up an Open Module box (Alt+M). If a valid name is " +"entered and a module is opened, a corresponding browser is also opened." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48085 +msgid "" +":issue:`4832`: Save As to type Python files automatically adds .py to the " +"name you enter (even if your system does not display it). Some systems " +"automatically add .txt when type is Text files." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48089 +msgid "" +":issue:`21986`: Code objects are not normally pickled by the pickle module. " +"To match this, they are no longer pickled when running under Idle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48092 +msgid "" +":issue:`17390`: Adjust Editor window title; remove 'Python', move version to" +" end." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48095 +msgid "" +":issue:`14105`: Idle debugger breakpoints no longer disappear when inserting" +" or deleting lines." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48098 +msgid "" +":issue:`17172`: Turtledemo can now be run from Idle. Currently, the entry is" +" on the Help menu, but it may move to Run. Patch by Ramchandra Apt and Lita " +"Cho." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48102 +msgid ":issue:`21765`: Add support for non-ascii identifiers to HyperParser." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48104 +msgid "" +":issue:`21940`: Add unittest for WidgetRedirector. Initial patch by " +"Saimadhav Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48107 +msgid "" +":issue:`18592`: Add unittest for SearchDialogBase. Patch by Phil Webster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48109 +msgid "" +":issue:`21694`: Add unittest for ParenMatch. Patch by Saimadhav Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48111 +msgid "" +":issue:`21686`: add unittest for HyperParser. Original patch by Saimadhav " +"Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48114 +msgid "" +":issue:`12387`: Add missing upper(lower)case versions of default Windows key" +" bindings for Idle so Caps Lock does not disable them. Patch by Roger Serwy." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48118 +msgid "" +":issue:`21695`: Closing a Find-in-files output window while the search is " +"still in progress no longer closes Idle." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48121 +msgid ":issue:`18910`: Add unittest for textView. Patch by Phil Webster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48123 +msgid "" +":issue:`18292`: Add unittest for AutoExpand. Patch by Saihadhav Heblikar." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48125 +msgid ":issue:`18409`: Add unittest for AutoComplete. Patch by Phil Webster." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48127 +msgid "" +":issue:`21477`: htest.py - Improve framework, complete set of tests. Patches" +" by Saimadhav Heblikar" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48130 +msgid "" +":issue:`18104`: Add idlelib/idle_test/htest.py with a few sample tests to " +"begin consolidating and improving human-validated tests of Idle. Change " +"other files as needed to work with htest. Running the module as __main__ " +"runs all tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48135 +msgid "" +":issue:`21139`: Change default paragraph width to 72, the :pep:`8` " +"recommendation." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48138 +msgid "" +":issue:`21284`: Paragraph reformat test passes after user changes reformat " +"width." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48141 +msgid "" +":issue:`17654`: Ensure IDLE menus are customized properly on OS X for non-" +"framework builds and for all variants of Tk." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48144 +msgid "" +":issue:`23180`: Rename IDLE \"Windows\" menu item to \"Window\". Patch by Al" +" Sweigart." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48150 +msgid "" +":issue:`15506`: Use standard PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG autoconf macro in the " +"configure script." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48153 +msgid "" +":issue:`22935`: Allow the ssl module to be compiled if openssl doesn't " +"support SSL 3." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48156 +msgid "" +":issue:`22592`: Drop support of the Borland C compiler to build Python. The " +"distutils module still supports it to build extensions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48159 +msgid "" +":issue:`22591`: Drop support of MS-DOS, especially of the DJGPP compiler " +"(MS-DOS port of GCC)." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48162 +msgid "" +":issue:`16537`: Check whether self.extensions is empty in setup.py. Patch by" +" Jonathan Hosmer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48165 +msgid "" +":issue:`22359`: Remove incorrect uses of recursive make. Patch by Jonas " +"Wagner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48168 +msgid "" +":issue:`21958`: Define HAVE_ROUND when building with Visual Studio 2013 and " +"above. Patch by Zachary Turner." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48171 +msgid "" +":issue:`18093`: the programs that embed the CPython runtime are now in a " +"separate \"Programs\" directory, rather than being kept in the Modules " +"directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48175 +msgid "" +":issue:`15759`: \"make suspicious\", \"make linkcheck\" and \"make doctest\"" +" in Doc/ now display special message when and only when there are failures." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48178 +msgid "" +":issue:`21141`: The Windows build process no longer attempts to find Perl, " +"instead relying on OpenSSL source being configured and ready to build. The " +"``PCbuild\\build_ssl.py`` script has been re-written and re-named to " +"``PCbuild\\prepare_ssl.py``, and takes care of configuring OpenSSL source " +"for both 32 and 64 bit platforms. OpenSSL sources obtained from " +"svn.python.org will always be pre-configured and ready to build." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48185 +msgid ":issue:`21037`: Add a build option to enable AddressSanitizer support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48187 +msgid "" +":issue:`19962`: The Windows build process now creates \"python.bat\" in the " +"root of the source tree, which passes all arguments through to the most " +"recently built interpreter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48191 +msgid "" +":issue:`21285`: Refactor and fix curses configure check to always search in " +"a ncursesw directory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48194 +msgid "" +":issue:`15234`: For BerkeleyDB and Sqlite, only add the found library and " +"include directories if they aren't already being searched. This avoids an " +"explicit runtime library dependency." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48198 +msgid "" +":issue:`17861`: Tools/scripts/generate_opcode_h.py automatically regenerates" +" Include/opcode.h from Lib/opcode.py if the latter gets any change." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48201 +msgid "" +":issue:`20644`: OS X installer build support for documentation build changes" +" in 3.4.1: assume externally supplied sphinx-build is available in /usr/bin." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48204 +msgid "" +":issue:`20022`: Eliminate use of deprecated bundlebuilder in OS X builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48206 +msgid "" +":issue:`15968`: Incorporated Tcl, Tk, and Tix builds into the Windows build " +"solution." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48209 +msgid ":issue:`17095`: Fix Modules/Setup *shared* support." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48211 +msgid ":issue:`21811`: Anticipated fixes to support OS X versions > 10.9." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48213 +msgid "" +":issue:`21166`: Prevent possible segfaults and other random failures of " +"python --generate-posix-vars in pybuilddir.txt build target." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48216 +msgid ":issue:`18096`: Fix library order returned by python-config." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48218 +msgid "" +":issue:`17219`: Add library build dir for Python extension cross-builds." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48220 +msgid "" +":issue:`22919`: Windows build updated to support VC 14.0 (Visual Studio " +"2015), which will be used for the official release." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48223 +msgid ":issue:`21236`: Build _msi.pyd with cabinet.lib instead of fci.lib" +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48225 +msgid "" +":issue:`17128`: Use private version of OpenSSL for OS X 10.5+ installer." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48230 +msgid "" +":issue:`14203`: Remove obsolete support for view==NULL in " +"PyBuffer_FillInfo(), bytearray_getbuffer(), bytesiobuf_getbuffer() and " +"array_buffer_getbuf(). All functions now raise BufferError in that case." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48234 +msgid "" +":issue:`22445`: PyBuffer_IsContiguous() now implements precise contiguity " +"tests, compatible with NumPy's NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING compilation " +"flag. Previously the function reported false negatives for corner cases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48238 +msgid "" +":issue:`22079`: PyType_Ready() now checks that statically allocated type has" +" no dynamically allocated bases." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48241 +msgid ":issue:`22453`: Removed non-documented macro PyObject_REPR()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48243 +msgid "" +":issue:`18395`: Rename ``_Py_char2wchar()`` to :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale`, " +"rename ``_Py_wchar2char()`` to :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale`, and document these" +" functions." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48247 +msgid "" +":issue:`21233`: Add new C functions: PyMem_RawCalloc(), PyMem_Calloc(), " +"PyObject_Calloc(), _PyObject_GC_Calloc(). bytes(int) is now using " +"``calloc()`` instead of ``malloc()`` for large objects which is faster and " +"use less memory." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48252 +msgid "" +":issue:`20942`: PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject() no longer sets __file__ " +"to match what importlib does; this affects _frozen_importlib as well as any " +"module loaded using imp.init_frozen()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48259 +msgid "" +":issue:`19548`: Update the codecs module documentation to better cover the " +"distinction between text encodings and other codecs, together with other " +"clarifications. Patch by Martin Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48263 +msgid "" +":issue:`22394`: Doc/Makefile now supports ``make venv PYTHON=../python`` to " +"create a venv for generating the documentation, e.g., ``make html " +"PYTHON=venv/bin/python3``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48267 +msgid "" +":issue:`21514`: The documentation of the json module now refers to new JSON " +"RFC 7159 instead of obsoleted RFC 4627." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48270 +msgid "" +":issue:`21777`: The binary sequence methods on bytes and bytearray are now " +"documented explicitly, rather than assuming users will be able to derive the" +" expected behaviour from the behaviour of the corresponding str methods." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48275 +msgid ":issue:`6916`: undocument deprecated asynchat.fifo class." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48277 +msgid "" +":issue:`17386`: Expanded functionality of the ``Doc/make.bat`` script to " +"make it much more comparable to ``Doc/Makefile``." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48280 +msgid "" +":issue:`21312`: Update the thread_foobar.h template file to include newer " +"threading APIs. Patch by Jack McCracken." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48283 +msgid "" +":issue:`21043`: Remove the recommendation for specific CA organizations and " +"to mention the ability to load the OS certificates." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48286 +msgid "" +":issue:`20765`: Add missing documentation for PurePath.with_name() and " +"PurePath.with_suffix()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48289 +msgid "" +":issue:`19407`: New package installation and distribution guides based on " +"the Python Packaging Authority tools. Existing guides have been retained as " +"legacy links from the distutils docs, as they still contain some required " +"reference material for tool developers that isn't recorded anywhere else." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48294 +msgid ":issue:`19697`: Document cases where __main__.__spec__ is None." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48299 +msgid ":issue:`18982`: Add tests for CLI of the calendar module." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48301 +msgid "" +":issue:`19548`: Added some additional checks to test_codecs to ensure that " +"statements in the updated documentation remain accurate. Patch by Martin " +"Panter." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48305 +msgid "" +":issue:`22838`: All test_re tests now work with unittest test discovery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48307 +msgid ":issue:`22173`: Update lib2to3 tests to use unittest test discovery." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48309 +msgid ":issue:`16000`: Convert test_curses to use unittest." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48311 +msgid "" +":issue:`21456`: Skip two tests in test_urllib2net.py if _ssl module not " +"present. Patch by Remi Pointel." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48314 +msgid "" +":issue:`20746`: Fix test_pdb to run in refleak mode (-R). Patch by Xavier " +"de Gaye." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48317 +msgid "" +":issue:`22060`: test_ctypes has been somewhat cleaned up and simplified; it " +"now uses unittest test discovery to find its tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48320 +msgid "" +":issue:`22104`: regrtest.py no longer holds a reference to the suite of " +"tests loaded from test modules that don't define test_main()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48323 +msgid "" +":issue:`22111`: Assorted cleanups in test_imaplib. Patch by Milan " +"Oberkirch." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48325 +msgid "" +":issue:`22002`: Added ``load_package_tests`` function to test.support and " +"used it to implement/augment test discovery in test_asyncio, test_email, " +"test_importlib, test_json, and test_tools." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48329 +msgid "" +":issue:`21976`: Fix test_ssl to accept LibreSSL version strings. Thanks to " +"William Orr." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48332 +msgid "" +":issue:`21918`: Converted test_tools from a module to a package containing " +"separate test files for each tested script." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48335 +msgid "" +":issue:`9554`: Use modern unittest features in test_argparse. Initial patch " +"by Denver Coneybeare and Radu Voicilas." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48338 +msgid "" +":issue:`20155`: Changed HTTP method names in failing tests in " +"test_httpservers so that packet filtering software (specifically Windows " +"Base Filtering Engine) does not interfere with the transaction semantics " +"expected by the tests." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48343 +msgid "" +":issue:`19493`: Refactored the ctypes test package to skip tests explicitly " +"rather than silently." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48346 +msgid "" +":issue:`18492`: All resources are now allowed when tests are not run by " +"regrtest.py." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48349 +msgid "" +":issue:`21634`: Fix pystone micro-benchmark: use floor division instead of " +"true division to benchmark integers instead of floating-point numbers. Set " +"pystone version to 1.2. Patch written by Lennart Regebro." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48353 +msgid ":issue:`21605`: Added tests for Tkinter images." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48355 +msgid "" +":issue:`21493`: Added test for ntpath.expanduser(). Original patch by " +"Claudiu Popa." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48358 +msgid "" +":issue:`19925`: Added tests for the spwd module. Original patch by Vajrasky " +"Kok." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48361 +msgid "" +":issue:`21522`: Added Tkinter tests for Listbox.itemconfigure(), " +"PanedWindow.paneconfigure(), and Menu.entryconfigure()." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48364 +msgid "" +":issue:`17756`: Fix test_code test when run from the installed location." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48366 +msgid "" +":issue:`17752`: Fix distutils tests when run from the installed location." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48368 +msgid "" +":issue:`18604`: Consolidated checks for GUI availability. All platforms now" +" at least check whether Tk can be instantiated when the GUI resource is " +"requested." +msgstr "" + +#: ../NEWS:48372 +msgid ":issue:`21275`: Fix a socket test on KFreeBSD." +msgstr ":issue:`21275`: 修复 KFreeBSD 上的一个套接字测试。" + +#: ../NEWS:48374 +msgid "" +":issue:`21223`: Pass test_site/test_startup_imports when some of the " +"extensions are built as builtins." +msgstr ":issue:`21223`: 当某些扩展作为内置模块编译时传入 test_site/test_startup_imports。" + +#: ../NEWS:48377 +msgid ":issue:`20635`: Added tests for Tk geometry managers." +msgstr ":issue:`20635`: 添加了针对 Tk geometry 管理器的测试。" + +#: ../NEWS:48379 +msgid "Add test case for freeze." +msgstr "增加freeze包的测试用例。" + +#: ../NEWS:48381 +msgid ":issue:`20743`: Fix a reference leak in test_tcl." +msgstr ":issue:`20743`: 修复了 test_tcl 中的一个引用泄漏。" + +#: ../NEWS:48383 +msgid ":issue:`21097`: Move test_namespace_pkgs into test_importlib." +msgstr ":issue:`21097`: 将 test_namespace_pkgs 移至 test_importlib。" + +#: ../NEWS:48385 +msgid ":issue:`21503`: Use test_both() consistently in test_importlib." +msgstr ":issue:`21503`: 在 test_importlib 中一致地使用 test_both()。" + +#: ../NEWS:48387 +msgid "" +":issue:`20939`: Avoid various network test failures due to new redirect of " +"http://www.python.org/ to https://www.python.org: use http://www.example.com" +" instead." +msgstr "" +":issue:`20939`: 避免由于新增从 http://www.python.org/ 到 https://www.python.org " +"的重定向导致的网络测试失败：改用 http://www.example.com。" + +#: ../NEWS:48391 +msgid "" +":issue:`20668`: asyncio tests no longer rely on tests.txt file. (Patch by " +"Vajrasky Kok)" +msgstr ":issue:`20668`: asyncio 测试不再依赖 tests.txt 文件。 （由 Vajrasky Kok 编写补丁）" + +#: ../NEWS:48394 +msgid "" +":issue:`21093`: Prevent failures of ctypes test_macholib on OS X if a copy " +"of libz exists in $HOME/lib or /usr/local/lib." +msgstr "" +":issue:`21093`: 在 OS X 上防止当 libz 的副本存在于 $HOME/lib 或 /usr/local/lib 中时 ctypes" +" test_macholib 的失败。" + +#: ../NEWS:48397 +msgid "" +":issue:`22770`: Prevent some Tk segfaults on OS X when running gui tests." +msgstr ":issue:`22770`: 在 OS X 上防止当运行图形用户界面测试时的某些 Tk 段错误。" + +#: ../NEWS:48399 +msgid "" +":issue:`23211`: Workaround test_logging failure on some OS X 10.6 systems." +msgstr ":issue:`23211`: 在某些 OS X 10.6 系统上绕过 test_logging 失败" + +#: ../NEWS:48401 +msgid "" +":issue:`23345`: Prevent test_ssl failures with large OpenSSL patch level " +"values (like 0.9.8zc)." +msgstr ":issue:`23345`: 防止较大 OpenSSL 补丁级别值 (如 0.9.8zc) 导致的 test_ssl 失败。" + +#: ../NEWS:48407 +msgid "" +":issue:`22314`: pydoc now works when the LINES environment variable is set." +msgstr ":issue:`22314`: 现在当设置了 LINES 环境变量时 pydoc 将会可用。" + +#: ../NEWS:48409 +msgid "" +":issue:`22615`: Argument Clinic now supports the \"type\" argument for the " +"int converter. This permits using the int converter with enums and typedefs." +msgstr "" +":issue:`22615`: Argument Clinic 现在支持 int 转换器的 \"type\" 参数。 这允许将 int 转换器用于枚举和" +" typedef。" + +#: ../NEWS:48412 +msgid "" +":issue:`20076`: The makelocalealias.py script no longer ignores UTF-8 " +"mapping." +msgstr ":issue:`20076`: makelocalealias.py 脚本将不再忽略 UTF-8 映射。" + +#: ../NEWS:48414 +msgid "" +":issue:`20079`: The makelocalealias.py script now can parse the SUPPORTED " +"file from glibc sources and supports command line options for source paths." +msgstr "" +":issue:`20079`: makelocalealias.py 脚本现在能够解析 glibc 源代码中的 SUPPORTED " +"文件并支持针对源代码路径的命令行选项。" + +#: ../NEWS:48417 +msgid "" +":issue:`22201`: Command-line interface of the zipfile module now correctly " +"extracts ZIP files with directory entries. Patch by Ryan Wilson." +msgstr "" +":issue:`22201`: zipfile 模块的命令行界面现在能正确地提取带有目录项的 ZIP 文件。 由 Ryan Wilson 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:48420 +msgid "" +":issue:`22120`: For functions using an unsigned integer return converter, " +"Argument Clinic now generates a cast to that type for the comparison to -1 " +"in the generated code. (This suppresses a compilation warning.)" +msgstr "" +":issue:`22120`: 对于使用无符号整数返回转换器的函数，现在 Argument Clinic 会在所生成的代码中为与 -1 " +"的比较生成到该类型的强制转换。 （这将抑制一个编译警告。）" + +#: ../NEWS:48424 +msgid "" +":issue:`18974`: Tools/scripts/diff.py now uses argparse instead of optparse." +msgstr ":issue:`18974`: Tools/scripts/diff.py 现在将使用 argparse 而不是 optparse。" + +#: ../NEWS:48426 +msgid "" +":issue:`21906`: Make Tools/scripts/md5sum.py work in Python 3. Patch by " +"Zachary Ware." +msgstr "" +":issue:`21906`: 让 Tools/scripts/md5sum.py 适用于 Python 3。 由 Zachary Ware 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:48429 +msgid ":issue:`21629`: Fix Argument Clinic's \"--converters\" feature." +msgstr ":issue:`21629`: 修复 Argument Clinic 的 \"--converters\" 特性。" + +#: ../NEWS:48431 +msgid "Add support for ``yield from`` to 2to3." +msgstr "为2to3添加 ``yield from`` 的支持。" + +#: ../NEWS:48433 +msgid "Add support for the :pep:`465` matrix multiplication operator to 2to3." +msgstr "为 2to3 添加对 PEP 465 矩阵乘法运算符的支持。" + +#: ../NEWS:48435 +msgid "" +":issue:`16047`: Fix module exception list and __file__ handling in freeze. " +"Patch by Meador Inge." +msgstr ":issue:`16047`: 修正冻结中的模块异常列表和 __file__ 处理。 由 Meador Inge 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:48438 +msgid ":issue:`11824`: Consider ABI tags in freeze. Patch by Meador Inge." +msgstr ":issue:`11824`: 考虑冻结中的 ABI 标签。 由 Meador Inge 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:48440 +msgid "" +":issue:`20535`: PYTHONWARNING no longer affects the run_tests.py script. " +"Patch by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis." +msgstr "" +":issue:`20535`: PYTHONWARNING 不再影响 run_tests.py 脚本。 由 Arfrever Frehtes " +"Taifersar Arahesis 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:48446 +msgid ":issue:`23260`: Update Windows installer" +msgstr ":issue:`23260`: 更新 Windows 安装器" + +#: ../NEWS:48448 +msgid "" +"The bundled version of Tcl/Tk has been updated to 8.6.3. The most visible " +"result of this change is the addition of new native file dialogs when " +"running on Windows Vista or newer. See Tcl/Tk's TIP 432 for more " +"information. Also, this version of Tcl/Tk includes support for Windows 10." +msgstr "" +"捆绑的 Tcl/Tk 版本已被更新至 8.6.3。 这项改变最显示的结果是当在 Windows Vista 或更新版本上运行时增加了新的原生文件对话框。" +" 请参阅 Tcl/Tk 的 TIP 432 了解详情。 此外，该 Tcl/Tk 版本还包括了对 Windows 10 的支持。" + +#: ../NEWS:48454 +msgid "" +":issue:`17896`: The Windows build scripts now expect external library " +"sources to be in ``PCbuild\\..\\externals`` rather than ``PCbuild\\..\\..``." +msgstr "" +":issue:`17896`: 现在 Windows 构建脚本将预期外部库源代码位于 ``PCbuild\\..\\externals`` 而不是 " +"``PCbuild\\..\\..``。" + +#: ../NEWS:48457 +msgid "" +":issue:`17717`: The Windows build scripts now use a copy of NASM pulled from" +" svn.python.org to build OpenSSL." +msgstr "" +":issue:`17717`: 现在 Windows 构建脚本将使用来自 svn.python.org的 NASM 副本来构建 OpenSSL。" + +#: ../NEWS:48460 +msgid "" +":issue:`21907`: Improved the batch scripts provided for building Python." +msgstr ":issue:`21907`: 改进了供构建 Python 的处理脚本。" + +#: ../NEWS:48462 +msgid "" +":issue:`22644`: The bundled version of OpenSSL has been updated to 1.0.1j." +msgstr ":issue:`22644`: 捆绑的 OpenSSL 版本已更新到 1.0.1j。" + +#: ../NEWS:48464 +msgid "" +":issue:`10747`: Use versioned labels in the Windows start menu. Patch by " +"Olive Kilburn." +msgstr ":issue:`10747`: 在 Windows 开始菜单中使用带版本号的标签。 由 Olive Kilburn 编写补丁。" + +#: ../NEWS:48467 +msgid "" +":issue:`22980`: .pyd files with a version and platform tag (for example, " +"\".cp35-win32.pyd\") will now be loaded in preference to those without tags." +msgstr "" +":issue:`22980`: 带有版本号和平台标记的 .pyd 文件 (例如 \".cp35-win32.pyd\") " +"现在将优先于不带标记的文件被加载。" + +#: ../NEWS:48471 +msgid "**(For information about older versions, consult the HISTORY file.)**" +msgstr "**（有关旧版本的信息，请参阅HISTORY文件。)**" diff --git a/whatsnew/index.po b/whatsnew/index.po new file mode 100644 index 000000000..496c17564 --- /dev/null +++ b/whatsnew/index.po @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Shengjing Zhu , 2021 +# Azuk 443 , 2021 +# Freesand Leo , 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n" +"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-10-04 14:17+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo , 2024\n" +"Language-Team: Chinese (China) (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/zh_CN/)\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Language: zh_CN\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" + +#: ../../whatsnew/index.rst:5 +msgid "What's New in Python" +msgstr "Python的新变化" + +#: ../../whatsnew/index.rst:7 +msgid "" +"The \"What's New in Python\" series of essays takes tours through the most " +"important changes between major Python versions. They are a \"must read\" " +"for anyone wishing to stay up-to-date after a new release." +msgstr "" +"这个“Python 有什么新变化？”系列内容会带您浏览 Python 大版本之间重要的变化。在新版发布后，如果您希望掌握最新变化，请务必阅读这些内容。" + +#: ../../whatsnew/index.rst:37 +msgid "" +"The \"Changelog\" is an HTML version of the :pypi:`file built` from " +"the contents of the :source:`Misc/NEWS.d` directory tree, which contains " +"*all* nontrivial changes to Python for the current version." +msgstr "" +"这个“更新日志”是基于 :source:`Misc/NEWS.d` 目录树内容的 :pypi:`file built` 的 HTML " +"版本，它包含了对于当前 Python 版本的 *全部* 较重要更改。"